bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of spatial distribution of knock events in a turbocharged spark-ignition engine
Authors: Meng Shuo , Han Zhiyu , Fan Benzheng , Wu Zhenkuo , Shao Qiang , Tong Laihui
Published: January 2024

An experimental investigation on the spatial distribution of knock events in a turbocharged spark-ignition engine for hybrid vehicle applications was conducted by using a multichannel fiber optic method. The knock positions were detected under different conditions to investigate the influence of crucial engine design and operating parameters on the knock characteristics including the spatial distribution in the combustion chamber and its relationship to knock intensity. The measured data reveal that the spatial distribution in the engine with a port fuel injection (PFI) system is mainly located on the exhaust side with insignificant influence of engine speed and load, which is attributed to the elevated thermal load around the exhaust valves. However, the knock events under gasoline direct-injection (DI) conditions were found to occur in more scattered locations with more occurring on the engine front-end and rear-end sides. These results indicate that the in-cylinder fuel-air mixing process may have a significant impact on the knock occurrence spots under DI conditions. The knock positions of the engine with different excessive air ratios, injection timings, and intake-valve timings were also detected, indicating that engine operating parameters have complex influences on the knock-region distribution in a DI engine. In addition, experiments were also carried out in two different cylinders to verify the cylinder-to-cylinder variations in knock regions which may be caused by the engine cooling design. Furthermore, no apparent correlations were observed between the knock position and the knock intensity by analysis of the experimental data.
Introduction to the special issue: Blockchains and public administration
Authors: Alston Eric , Murtazashvili Ilia , Weiss Martin BH
Published: January 2024

Blockchains are peer-to-peer networks that record and track transactions in distributed ledgers. Cryptocurrencies were the first application of the technology. Since then, blockchains have been heralded as a novel institutional technology that can rival firms and governments in terms of certain coordination and production functions. Given initial applications in the public sector, the study of blockchains for public administration presents considerable opportunity to interested scholars for development and clarification. This special issue on “Blockchains in Public Administration” is a response to this gap. This thematic introduction to the special issue reviews the initial views of blockchains as an alternative to government. We then describe several areas where governments have begun to use blockchains. Our review of these applications emphasize opportunities for public administration scholars and practitioners to add to the ongoing conversation on the impact of blockchain on society.
Elevating Teachers’ Voices on Staff Diversity: A Case Study in Teacher-Informed Recruitment Policy
Authors: Gold Mindy M. , Stone Annabeth B.
Published: January 2024

This case study engages educational leaders in exploring how district-specific stakeholder perspectives might impact recruitment policy implementation and resource allocation through the lens of the Community Cultural Wealth framework. The case introduces Dr. Sheila Hill, the superintendent of a large district with a significant population of students of color without a commensurate diverse faculty. Like many others, her district faced teacher recruitment challenges. Dr. Hill hosted focus groups to hear from teachers about the district’s staffing needs. Emphasizing the role of the Community Cultural Wealth framework in recruiting teachers of color, Dr. Hill navigated the complexities of policy implementation amid potentially competing priorities. She foregrounded the internal knowledge her staff provided as she decided how to distribute funds from a private grant.
Characteristics of terminal hemimelia: What is the difference between terminal hemimelia and classic fibular hemimelia?
Authors: Song Mi Hyun , Shin Chang-Ho , Choi In Ho , Cho Tae-Joon
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

Fibular hemimelia has denoted a spectrum of postaxial longitudinal deficiency with fibular aplasia/hypoplasia; the term “terminal hemimelia” is reserved for patients with postaxial longitudinal deficiency having a normal fibula. We aimed to delineate the characteristics of terminal hemimelia.

Methods:

In total, 30 patients with postaxial longitudinal deficiency who had a normal or hypoplastic fibula and visited our institution between 1992 and 2022 were reviewed. Patients were divided into terminal hemimelia and classic fibular hemimelia groups, and their demographic characteristics and clinical and radiographic findings were compared.

Results:

Femoral shortening, knee valgus, and tibial spine hypoplasia were less common in terminal hemimelia (n = 13) than in classic fibular hemimelia (n = 17) (p = 0.03, p < 0.001, and p = 0.003, respectively). None of the patients in the terminal hemimelia group exhibited knee instability, whereas 12% of patients with classic fibular hemimelia did. Ball-and-socket ankle and absence of lateral rays were commonly observed in both groups. However, tarsal coalition was observed less frequently in terminal hemimelia (p = 0.004). All terminal hemimelia patients exhibited a painless plantigrade foot without ankle instability. Despite limb-length discrepancy at maturity averaging 40.4 mm for terminal hemimelia and 67.0 mm for classic fibular hemimelia (p < 0.001), patients with terminal hemimelia, except for one, exhibited > 20 mm of limb-length discrepancy. However, 46% of them underwent limb-length equalization procedures, mostly single-stage tibial lengthening, at a mean age of 11.2 years.

Conclusion:

Terminal hemimelia may present with a milder phenotype than classic fibular hemimelia. It mainly overlaps with the symptoms of fibular hemimelia below the ankle joint and manifests as limb-length discrepancy. However, a considerable number of patients with terminal hemimelia required limb-length equalization procedures, for example single-stage tibial lengthening.

Level of evidence:

level IV.
High-performance photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) using a retrievable Fe-doped WO3/SiO2 heterostructure
Authors: Boonprakob Natkritta , Channei Duangdao , Zhao Chen
Published: January 2024

The enhancement of the photocatalytic performance of pristine WO3 was systematically adjusted due to its fast recombination rate and low reduction potential. A designed heterostructure photocatalyst was necessarily synthesised by Fe3+ metal ions doping into WO3 structure with and composition modification. In this study, we synthesised a retrievable Fe-doped WO3/SiO2 heterostructure using a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method. This heterostructure was then employed as an effective photocatalyst for the removal of Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation. Enlarged photocatalytic reduction was observed over a synergetic 7.5 mol% Fe-doped WO3/SiO2-20 nanocomposite, resulting in dramatically increased activity compared with undoped WO3 and SiO2 nanomaterials under visible light illumination within 90 min. The presence of 7.5 mol% Fe3+ ion dopant in WO3 optimised electron–hole recombination, consequently reducing WO3 photocorrosion. After adding SiO2 nanoparticles, the binary WO3-SiO2 nanocomposite played roles as both adsorbent and photocatalyst to increase specific surface area. Thus, the 7.5 mol% Fe-doped WO3/SiO2-20 nanocomposite catalyst had more active sites on the surface of catalyst, and enhanced photocatalytic reduction was significantly achieved. The results showed 91.1% photocatalytic reduction over the optimum photocatalyst, with a photoreduction kinetic rate of 21.1 × 10–3 min−1, which was approximately four times faster than pristine WO3. Therefore, the superior optimal photocatalyst demonstrated reusability, with activities decreasing by only 9.8% after five cycles. The high photocatalytic performance and excellent stability of our photocatalyst indicate great potential for water pollution treatments.
Cardiovascular health assessment in routine cancer follow-up in community settings: survivor risk awareness and perspectives
Authors: Weaver Kathryn E. , Dressler Emily V. , Smith Sydney , Nightingale Chandylen L. , Klepin Heidi D. , Lee Simon Craddock , Wells Brian J. , Hundley W. Gregory , DeMari Joseph A. , Price Sarah N. , Foraker Randi E.
Published: January 2024

Background

Guidelines recommend cardiovascular risk assessment and counseling for cancer survivors. For effective implementation, it is critical to understand survivor cardiovascular health (CVH) profiles and perspectives in community settings. We aimed to (1) Assess survivor CVH profiles, (2) compare self-reported and EHR-based categorization of CVH factors, and (3) describe perceptions regarding addressing CVH during oncology encounters.

Methods

This cross-sectional analysis utilized data from an ongoing NCI Community Oncology Research Program trial of an EHR heart health tool for cancer survivors (WF-1804CD). Survivors presenting for routine care after potentially curative treatment recruited from 8 oncology practices completed a pre-visit survey, including American Heart Association Simple 7 CVH factors (classified as ideal, intermediate, or poor). Medical record abstraction ascertained CVD risk factors and cancer characteristics. Likert-type questions assessed desired discussion during oncology care.

Results

Of 502 enrolled survivors (95.6% female; mean time since diagnosis = 4.2 years), most had breast cancer (79.7%). Many survivors had common cardiovascular comorbidities, including high cholesterol (48.3%), hypertension or high BP (47.8%) obesity (33.1%), and diabetes (20.5%); 30.5% of survivors received high cardiotoxicity potential cancer treatment. Less than half had ideal/non-missing levels for physical activity (48.0%), BMI (18.9%), cholesterol (17.9%), blood pressure (14.1%), healthy diet (11.0%), and glucose/ HbA1c (6.0%). While > 50% of survivors had concordant EHR-self-report categorization for smoking, BMI, and blood pressure; cholesterol, glucose, and A1C were unknown by survivors and/or missing in the EHR for most. Most survivors agreed oncology providers should talk about heart health (78.9%).

Conclusions

Tools to promote CVH discussion can fill gaps in CVH knowledge and are likely to be well-received by survivors in community settings.

Trial registration

NCT03935282, Registered 10/01/2020
Development of stigma scale for women with mental illness in perinatal period, validity and reliability study
Authors: Sen Esra , Yazici Esra , Kose Elif , Ogur Yavuz Selim , Yazici Ahmet Bulent
Published: January 2024

Aim

Although there are many scales that measure stigma, there is no scale with the necessary adequacy to measure stigma in the perinatal period. The study aims to develop the stigma scale for women with mental illness in the perinatal period and test its validity and reliability.

Materials and methods

Participants were reached via patients, visitors, and hospital staff who applied to Sakarya Training and Research Hospital between 01/06/2022 and 01/12/2022. Two hundred people (female n = 134, male n = 66) aged 18–65 participated in the study and "Sociodemographic data form," "Perinatal Mental Illness Stigma Scale (PMISS)," "Social Distance Scale," and "Beliefs Towards Mental Illness Scale" were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and the AMOS 26 program.

Results

The Content Validity Index of the scale items was between 0.80–1. Cronbach's alpha coefficient score of the general scale was 0.94, the "Discrimination and Prejudice" sub-dimension was 0.93, and the "Labeling" sub-dimension was 0.88. It was determined that item-total score correlations varied between 0.410 and 0.799. P value calculated < 0.05 in Barlett's test and 0.94 in the Kaiser-Meyer Olkin test. These values show that factor analysis can be applied to the scale. According to the Exploratory Factor Analysis result, the scale has a 2-factor structure, explaining 60% of the total variance. The Guttman Split-Half coefficient of the scale was 0.882, and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.883. The scale was reapplied to 30 participants with an interval of three weeks. The correlation coefficient between the two measurements was 0.91, indicating that the scale satisfies the invariance principle over time.

Conclusion

The PMISS is a reliable measurement tool that can be used to investigate stigma towards mental illness during the perinatal period in the Turkish population.
Exploring factors influencing farmers’ health self-assessment in China based on the LASSO method
Authors: Wu Mingze , Zeng Shulin
Published: January 2024

As the main force and practice subject of rural revitalisation, farmers' health is intricately linked to agricultural production and the rural economy. This study utilizes open data from the 2015 China Nutrition and Health Survey and employs the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method to explore the factors influencing farmers' self-assessment of health. The findings reveal that education level, proactive nutrition knowledge seeking, healthy dietary preferences and habits, and the use of clean cooking fuel positively impact farmers' health self-assessment. Conversely, age, history of illness or injury, and participation in medical insurance negatively affect their self-assessment. Furthermore, factors influencing farmers' health self-assessment exhibit heterogeneity across regions. Our findings suggest that promoting health education, disseminating nutritional dietary knowledge, and enhancing rural household infrastructure play an important role in improving farmers' self-evaluation of health. Therefore, policymakers should design more targeted health interventions and infrastructure improvement plans based on farmers' self-assessment of health and the level of regional economic development.
The global, regional, and national burden of foreign bodies from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Zhan Jiangshan , Du Yuxia , Wu Jin , Lai Fuping , Song Renjie , Wang Yu , Xie Zhihui , Lu Yuanlan
Published: January 2024

Background

Foreign bodies (FBs) are a common emergency in medical institutions, that can occur in any area and among people of any age, which are common public health problems. Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of FBs is crucial for their prevention and control. The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of FBs worldwide through the data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019).

Methods

We obtained data from the GBD 2019, which is an important public database to understand the disease burden of FBs. Joinpoint was used to analyze temporal trends in the incidence and death trends of FBs, which is widely used to study the long-term temporal trend of the burden of diseases. SaTScan was used to detect spatial-temporal clusters of pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in the airway (PAFBA), which is based on a Poisson model, scanning the number of people and diseases in the study area to obtain the spatial-temporal clusters of diseases.

Results

Globally, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of FBs in 2019 were 869.23/100,000 (679.92/100,000-1120.69/100,000) and 1.55/100,000 (1.41/100,000-1.67/100,000), respectively. The ASIR and ASDR showed downtrends with average annual percent changes (AAPCs) of -0.31% and − 1.47% from 1990 to 2019. Of note, the ASIR showed an uptrend during 2010–2019, especially in high, high-middle, and middle SDI regions. Stratified analysis by age group showed that ASIR increased in each age group in recent years. From 1990 to 2019, the ASDR in the over-70 age group showed an uptrend worldwide, especially in high and high-middle SDI regions. In different types of FBs, the ASDR of PAFBA was the highest. The death burden of PAFBA was mainly clustered in 82 countries during 1993–2007, such as Canada, Cuba, and Mexico.

Conclusion

The most important goal is to improve public awareness and emergency knowledge of FBs through publicity methods, such as the internet or offline activities, and to improve laws and regulations. Additionally, different age groups need different targeted measures, such as strengthening the care of children, caring for elderly individuals, improving necessary monitoring programs and reporting systems, conducting effective hazard assessments, and publicity and education activities.
Clinical application of instant 3D printed cast versus polymer orthosis in the treatment of colles fracture: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xiao Ya-Ping , Xu Hai-Jia , Liao Wen , Li Zhang-Hua
Published: January 2024

Background

The shortcomings of plaster in water resistance, air permeability, skin comfort, fixed stability and weight of wearing are still to be solved. 3D printed cast can overcome the above shortcomings. At present, there is a relative lack of data on the clinical application of 3D printed cast, probably due to its complexity, relatively long operating time, and high price. We aimed to compare and evaluate the short-term effectiveness, safety and advantages of 3D printed wrist cast versus polymer orthosis in the treatment of Colles fracture.

Methods

Forty patients with Colles fracture in our hospital from June to December 2022 were selected and divided into an observation group (20 patients, treated with instant 3D printed cast) and a control group (20 cases, treated with polymer orthosis). Both groups treated with manual reduction and external fixation. The visual analogue scale (VAS), immobilization effectiveness and satisfaction scores, Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, complications and imaging data were collected and compared before immobilization and at 2, 6 and 12 weeks after the fracture.

Results

VAS at 2 weeks after the fracture was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group ( P < 0.05). The immobilization effectiveness and satisfaction scores at 6 weeks after the fracture were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). The DASH scores at 2 and 6 weeks after the fracture were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). There wasn’t rupture of the printed cast or orthosis in both groups. There were 2 cases of skin irritation in the control group, and no skin irritation occurred in the observation group. The palmar tilt angle and ulnar inclination angle at 2 weeks and 12 weeks after the fracture were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Both instant 3D printed cast and polymer orthosis are effective in the treatment of Colles fracture. But instant 3D printed cast is better than polymer orthosis in areas of good clinical and imaging performance, and high patient satisfaction and comfort.
The effects of ketogenic and chitosan-based diets on submandibular salivary gland in rat model: a comparative histological study
Authors: Aboulfotoh Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study was carried out in the submandibular salivary glands (SSGs) of rats to demonstrate the effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) in comparison with dietary chitosan supplementation.

Method

Eighteen albino rats were randomly divided into three equal groups of six animals each. Rats in Group I were fed a balanced diet and considered controls. Meanwhile, those of Groups II and III were fed a KD, a balanced diet with high molecular weight chitosan, respectively. After 45 days, rats were euthanized, and the SSGs were dissected carefully for staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunohistochemical staining, and Congo red special stain. Quantitative data from α-SMA staining and Congo red staining were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test.

Results

Regarding Congo red and α-SMA staining, one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference between the three groups. For α-SMA staining and Congo red staining, Group II had the highest mean values of 91.41 ± 3.30 and 68.10 ± 5.04, respectively, while Group I had the lowest values of 56.13 ± 3.96 and 16.87 ± 2.19, respectively. Group III had mean values of 60.70 ± 3.55 for α-SMA and 19.50 ± 1.78 for Congo red. Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test revealed significant differences between groups I & II and between groups II & III (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, there was a nonsignificant difference between groups I and III (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

A KD has a deleterious effect on rats’ SSG whatever the test we used, and dietary chitosan supplementation ameliorates these damaging effects.
Optimal peritoneal cancer index cutoff point for predicting surgical resectability of pseudomyxoma peritonei in treatment-naive patients
Authors: Bai Mingjian , Li Yunxiang , Pu Hairong , Xu Yueming , Chen Jingliang , Xu Hongbin , Wei Hongjiang , Liang Guowei , Ma Ruiqing , Feng Jing
Published: January 2024

Background

The peritoneal cancer index (PCI) has been used to predict surgical outcomes for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). The present study aimed to establish the optimal cutoff point for PCI to predict surgical resectability of PMP.

Methods

A total of 366 PMP patients were included. The patients were divided into low-grade and high-grade groups. Based on the completeness of the cytoreduction (CC) score, both low-grade and high-grade PMP patients were further divided into complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and maximal tumor debulking (MTD) subgroups. The ability to predict surgical resectability of total and selected PCI (regions 2 + 9 to 12) was analyzed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

Both total and selected PCI demonstrated excellent discriminative ability in predicting surgical resectability for low-grade PMP patients (n = 266), with the ROC-AUC of 0.940 (95% CI: 0.904–0.965) and 0.927 (95% CI: 0.889–0.955). The corresponding optimal cutoff point was 21 and 5, respectively. For high-grade PMP patients (n = 100), both total and selected PCI exhibited good performance in predicting surgical resectability, with the ROC-AUC of 0.894 (95% CI: 0.816–0.946) and 0.888 (95% CI: 0.810–0.943); correspondingly, the optimal cutoff point was 25 and 8, respectively. The discriminative ability between total and selected PCI in predicting surgical resectability did not show a statistical difference.

Conclusions

Both total and selected PCI exhibited good performance and similarity in predicting complete surgical resection for both low-grade and high-grade PMP patients. However, the selected PCI was simpler and time-saving in clinical practice. In the future, new imaging techniques or predictive models may be developed to better predict PCI preoperatively, which might assist in confirming whether complete surgical resection can be achieved.
Chromosome-level assembly and analysis of Camelina neglecta: a novel diploid model for Camelina biotechnology research
Authors: Wang Shuo , Blume Rostislav Y. , Zhou Zhi-Wei , Lu Shaoping , Nazarenus Tara J. , Blume Yaroslav B. , Xie Weibo , Cahoon Edgar B. , Chen Ling-Ling , Guo Liang
Published: January 2024

Camelina neglecta is a new diploid Brassicaceae species, which has great research value because of its close relationship with the hexaploid oilseed crop Camelina sativa. Here, we report a chromosome-level assembly of C. neglecta with a total length of 210 Mb. By adopting PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technology, the C. neglecta genome was assembled into 6 chromosomes with scaffold N50 of 29.62 Mb. C. neglecta has undergone the whole-genome triplication (γ) shared among eudicots and two whole-genome duplications (α and β) shared by crucifers, but it has not undergone a specific whole-genome duplication event. By synteny analysis between C. neglecta and C. sativa, we successfully used the method of calculating Ks to distinguish the three subgenomes of C. sativa and determined that C. neglecta was closest to the first subgenome (SG1) of C. sativa. Further, transcriptomic analysis revealed the key genes associated with seed oil biosynthesis and its transcriptional regulation, including SAD, FAD2, FAD3, FAE1, ABI3, WRI1 and FUS3 displaying high expression levels in C. neglecta seeds. The high representability of C. neglecta as a model species for Camelina-based biotechnology research has been demonstrated for the first time. In particular, floral Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration-based transformation of C. neglecta, leading to overexpression of CvLPAT2, CpDGAT1 and CvFatB1 transgenes, was demonstrated for medium-chain fatty acid accumulation in C. neglecta seed oil. This study provides an important genomic resource and establishes C. neglecta as a new model for oilseed biotechnology research.
Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with self-reported osteoarthritis among the US adults
Authors: Lu Yu , Zhang Jianyu , Li Hejun , Li Ting
Published: January 2024

Background

The association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and osteoarthritis (OA) has not been well elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between NAFLD and OA in the US adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed on participants in the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle. NAFLD was defined by the vibration-controlled transient elastography. The diagnosis of OA was based on self-reported data. Weighted multiple logistic regression models and stratified analyses were performed to explore the relationship and verify the stability of the conclusions. Sensitivity analysis using multiple imputation for missing data and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed.

Results

In total, 2622 participants [Male: 1260 (47.8%)] were included in this study with a mean age of 48.1 years old (95% CI, 46.6–49.6 years old), containing 317 (12.8%) OA patients and 1140 NAFLD patients (41.5%). A logistic regression indicated a significant association between NAFLD and OA without adjustment [odds ratio (OR) = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.52–2.78]. The association remained stable after adjustment for covariates (OR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.26–2.34). Sensitivity analysis of missing data with multiple interpolation and PSM found similar results. A significant and consistent association of NAFLD with OA was still observed in each subgroup stratified by age and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Stratified by sex, obesity, and sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) category, a statistically significant association was only shown in females, those without obesity, and those without hyper hs-CRP. The results illustrated that the relationship between NAFLD and OA was stable in all subgroups and had no interaction.

Conclusions

NAFLD was positively correlated with OA. Given the current pandemic of NAFLD and OA, clinicians should screen for NAFLD in arthritis patients and intervene early.
Subtropical coastal microbiome variations due to massive river runoff after a cyclonic event
Authors: Meyneng M. , Lemonnier H. , Le Gendre R. , Plougoulen G. , Antypas F. , Ansquer D. , Serghine J. , Schmitt S. , Siano R.
Published: January 2024

Background

Coastal ecosystem variability at tropical latitudes is dependent on climatic conditions. During the wet, rainy season, extreme climatic events such as cyclones, precipitation, and winds can be intense over a short period and may have a significant impact on the entire land‒sea continuum. This study focused on the effect of river runoff across the southwest coral lagoon ecosystem of Grand Terre Island of New Caledonia (South Pacific) after a cyclonic event, which is considered a pulse disturbance at our study site. The variability of coastal microbiomes, studied by the metabarcoding of V4 18S (protists) and V4–V5 16S (bacteria) rDNA genes, after the cyclone passage was associated with key environmental parameters describing the runoff impact (salinity, organic matter proxies, terrestrial rock origin metals) and compared to community structures observed during the dry season.

Results

Microbiome biodiversity patterns of the dry season were destructured because of the runoff impact, and land-origin taxa were observed in the coastal areas. After the rainy event, different daily community dynamics were observed locally, with specific microbial taxa explaining these variabilities. Plume dispersal modeling revealed the extent of low salinity areas up to the coral reef area (16 km offshore), but a rapid (< 6 days) recovery to typical steady conditions of the lagoon's hydrology was observed. Conversely, during the same time, some biological components (microbial communities, Chl a) and biogeochemical components (particulate nickel, terrigenous organic matter) of the ecosystem did not recover to values observed during the dry season conditions.

Conclusion

The ecosystem resilience of subtropical ecosystems must be evaluated from a multidisciplinary, holistic perspective and over the long term. This allows evaluating the risk associated with a potential continued and long-term disequilibrium of the ecosystem, triggered by the change in the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events in the era of planetary climatic changes.
Effect of asymmetry pile’s length on piled raft foundation system under earthquake load
Authors: Elias Shahad Kh. , Al-Obaydi Moataz A.
Published: January 2024

In light of the global development of construction, particularly tall buildings and skyscrapers, researchers have spent years studying and developing types of foundations that are suitable in terms of endurance in heavily loaded and economic terms, particularly in weak soils under dynamic loading. In the event of high-rise buildings or weak soil media, the piled-raft foundation system is considered an efficient system that fits the design criteria. Several factors influence the performance of the piled-raft foundation system, among pile length, which was taken into account in the numerical study using the Plaxis 3D program. Four pile length scenarios are explored using 28 piles in a pattern 4 × 7 group with a rectangular raft of 10 × 20 and 1.5 m thickness. The central piles 3 × 2 are all the same length of 12 m or 20 m, but the others vary to 10 m, 8 m, and 6 m. In addition to the El-Centro seismic loading, a uniform static load of 300 kN/m2 was applied to the weak C- ϕ soil. The results reveal that the length of the asymmetric pile has a substantial effect on the behavior of the piled raft foundation. The symmetry pile’s length has greater static and dynamic load sharing than the asymmetry pile’s length. Static load sharing is greater than dynamic load sharing in all models, with static sharing values of 73.2% for the uniform pile’s length group L12 + 12 and 68.82%, 63.33%, and 55.96% for the asymmetry groups L12 + 10, L12 + 8, and L12 + 6, respectively. With decreasing external pile length, the dynamic load sharing values under 0.1 g intensity are 72.3%, 67.4%, 60.6%, and 55.2%, respectively. When the seismic intensity increases to 0.2 g, these values decrease by around 3%, and so on for 0.3 g. Vertical settlement increases as the exterior pile length decreases and the seismic energy increases. The maximum settlement values for L12 + 12, L12 + 10, L12 + 8, and L12 + 6 at 0.3 g seismic intensity are 137.9, 158.1, 169.7, and 171 mm, respectively. The differential settlement caused by seismic load is greater in the case of the asymmetry pile length group (L12 + 10). The differential settling increases with increasing seismic intensity in all models. The maximum lateral displacement increases as seismic intensity increases, whereas the length of the pile has no impact on the lateral displacement. When compared to a 12-m pile length, a 20-m pile will have a larger load sharing and less settlement, but exhibit a similar trend. The external pile’s length has a slight effect on the factor of safety where the reduction under the seismic load by about 18% for the both symmetry and asymmetry cases respectively in comparison to static case.
Writing Himself into a Profession: Knowledge, Skills, and Community in John Martin's “Several Receipts for the Use of Mankind”
Authors: Miyamoto Bénédicte , Acker Faith D.
Published: January 2024

John Martin wrote “Several Receipts for the Use of Mankind” (1690–96) mainly by copying out printed texts at a time when he was successfully converting from plasterer to the more upwardly mobile profession of painter. In his manuscript, a near-complete fair copy of a theoretical text is followed by rearranged extracts from technical treatises, while many verso leaves are covered in recipes relevant to the trades of painters and plasterers, largely reorganized by ingredient, and following artisanal pathways. On the title-page, John Martin established his ownership, editorial agency, and even authorship over this bound 350-page volume, forcing us to reconsider the value of manuscripts in an age of print. This essay reconstructs the transactional nature of the manuscript as the artisan shaped his knowledge through adaptation of theoretical content. As a reader, Martin selected information to suit his own artisanal needs, then advanced his knowledge by copying that information and expanding his repertoire in the process. However, the text also had didactic value, and Martin updated and censored his extracts to make it appropriate for apprentices and his larger artisan community. He served as an author as well as a collector, and produced a valuable new work for the use of “all mankind,” as one of his title-pages suggests. Ultimately, this manuscript case study shows that readers—even craftsmen who worked in less traditional centers of learning—were aware of the instability of the printed book and viewed knowledge as shaped through curation of content rather than permanence of form.
Breaking the Taboo
Authors: Piper Kevin
Published: January 2024

Research has shown that student silence poses one of greatest challenges in the teaching of race. This article reports on a small one-year study that examined the value of using anonymous student feedback to teach race in the context of Indigenous literatures. The author's experience suggests that the collection of anonymous student feedback opens up a back channel of unconditional love between students and instructors, where students’ authentic beliefs and ideas are neither judged nor evaluated, thus empowering them to discover a sense of agency in the ongoing conversation around race.
Common Markers of Muscle Damage Are Associated with Divergent Gene Expression Patterns after Eccentric Contractions
Authors: DEYHLE MICHAEL R. , TIEDE DAKOTA , XIN LING , HYLDAHL ROBERT D. , HUBAL MONICA J.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Unaccustomed eccentric (ECC) exercise evokes exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Soreness, strength loss, and serum creatine kinase (CK) are often used to quantify EIMD severity. However, changes in these markers are not fully understood mechanistically. To test the hypothesis that muscle damage markers are associated with unique molecular processes, we correlated gene expression responses with variation in each marker post-ECC.

Methods

Vastus lateralis biopsies were collected from 35 young men 3 h post-ECC (10 sets of 10 maximal eccentric contractions; contralateral leg [CON] as control). Maximal isometric strength, soreness, and serum CK activity were assessed 24 h preexercise and every 24 h for 5 d post-ECC. Strength was also measured 10 min post-ECC. Over the 5 d after ECC, average peak strength loss was 51.5 ± 20%; average soreness increased from 0.9 ± 1.9 on a 100-mm visual analog scale to 39 ± 19; serum CK increased from 160 ± 130 to 1168 ± 3430 U·L−1. Muscle RNA was used to generate gene expression profiles. Partek Genomics Suite correlated peak values of soreness, strength loss, and CK post-ECC with gene expression in ECC (relative to paired CON) using Pearson linear correlation (P < 0.05) and repeated-measures ANOVA used to detect influence of ECC.

Results

After ECC, 2677 genes correlated with peak soreness, 3333 genes with peak strength loss, and 3077 genes with peak CK. Less than 1% overlap existed across all markers (16/9087). Unique genes included 2346 genes for peak soreness, 3032 genes for peak strength loss, and 2937 genes for peak CK.

Conclusions

The largely unique molecular pathways associated with common indirect markers of EIMD indicate that each marker of “damage” represents unique mechanistic processes.
Addressing Environmental Justice through In-Kind Court Settlements
Authors: Campa Pamela , Muehlenbachs Lucija
Published: January 2024

In US environmental court cases, a cash penalty can be mitigated if a defendant volunteers to undertake an in-kind project, such as retrofitting school buses or building a public park. A goal of the policy is to address environmental justice concerns for low-income and minority populations, yet the historical record shows in-kind settlements most likely occur in cases involving high-income, majority-White communities. A choice experiment reveals that the public prefers in-kind settlements over cash, and a randomized survey reveals in-kind settlements improve the public’s view of a violating firm, consistent with our finding of positive stock market reactions to in-kind settlements. (JEL D63, H23, J15, K32, Q53, Q58)
The concert guitar in Spain from 1920 to 1939
Authors: Ευσταθόπουλος Ιωάννης
Published: January 2024

Κατά την περιοδο 1920-1939 η κιθάρα βίωσε μια αναγέννηση στην Ισπανία, η οποία οδήγησε στη δημιουργία ενός μοντέρνου ρεπερτορίου γραμμένο για τους κιθαριστές: Μιγκέλ Λιομπέτ, Αντρές Σεγκόβια, Ρεχίνο Σάινθ ντε λα Μάτσα και Εμίλιο Πουγιόλ. Αυτό το διδακτορικό παρουσιάζει την ιστορικά ενημερωμένη εκτέλεση αυτών των έργων. Επικεντρώνεται σε έργα ορόσημα όπως αυτά του Μανουέλ ντε Φάλια, καθώς και σε έναν αριθμό έργων που ξεθάφτηκαν αρκετά χρόνια μετά την πτώση του καθεστώτος του Φράνκο. Παρουσιάζει τα αποτελέσματα πειραματισμού των έργων πάνω σε αυθεντικά όργανα εποχής με εντέρινες χορδές. Η μουσική εκτέλεση που προκύπτει σέβεται τις στυλιστικές απαιτήσεις του Ισπανικού μοντερνισμού ενώ ταυτόχρονα βασίζεται πάνω στη ρομαντική εκτέλεση που ακουλουθούσαν οι κιθαριστές της εποχής.
Computing approximate Nash equilibria
Authors: Φασουλάκης Μιχαήλ
Published: January 2024

Το πρόβλημα εύρεσης σημείων ισορροπίας σε μη συνεργατικά παίγνια και η κατανόηση των ιδιοτήτων τους είναι ένα κεντρικό πρόβλημα στη μοντέρνα θεωρία παιγνίων. Αφότου ο Νας απέδειξε ότι κάθε πεπερασμένο παίγνιο έχει τουλάχιστον ένα σημείο ισορροπίας (σημείο ισορροπίας κατά Νας), μία φυσική ερώτηση είναι αν μπορούμε να τα υπολογίσουμε αποδοτικά. Μετά από πολλά χρόνια εντατικής έρευνας, ξερουμέ τώρα ότι το πρόβλημα εύρεσης ενός σημείου ισορροπίας κατά Νας είναι PPAD-πλήρης ακόμα και για παίγνια κανονικής μορφής δύο παικτών, κάνοντας την διαδικασία εύρεσης προσεγγιστικών σημείων ισορροπίας κατά Νας μία από τις κεντρικές ερωτήσεις στον υπολογισμό σημείων ισορροπίας. Σε αυτή την εργασία ο κύριος στόχος μας είναι μία νέα μελέτη στην πολυπλοκότητα διαφόρων παραλλαγών των προσεγγιστικών σημείων ισορροπίας κατά Νας. Συγκεκριμένα μελετάμε αλγόριθμους για προσθετικά προσεγγιστικά σημεία κατά Νας σε παίγνια δύο και πολλαπλών παικτών. Μετά μελετάμε αλγόριθμους για πολλαπλασιαστικά προσεγγιστικά σημεία ισορροπίας κατά Νας σε παίγνια πολλαπλών παικτών. Επιπλέον, μελετάμε αλγόριθμους για βέλτιστα προσεγγιστικά σημεία ισορροπίας κατά Νας σε παίγνια δύο παικτών και τέλος μελετάμε την πολυπλοκότητα επικοινωνίας για προσθετικά προσεγγιστικά σημεία ισορροπίας κατά Νας σε παίγνια δύο παικτών.
The architecture of public open urban spaces
Authors: Λεοντιάδου Στεφανία
Published: January 2024

Η αρχιτεκτονική του δημόσιου ανοιχτού αστικού χώρου έχει λάβει πολλές μορφές στην ιστορία και οι απόψεις της σωστής σύνταξής του έχουν δημιουργήσει συγκρούσεις και αποκλίσεις μεταξύ των θεωρητικών και των επαγγελματιών του αρχιτεκτονικού και αστικού σχεδιασμού, μετά την έναρξη του μοντέρνου κινήματος. Το πώς ερμηνεύτηκαν οι δημόσιοι χώροι στην ιστορία είναι ένας τρόπος γνωστικής διαδικασίας που έχει να κάνει πολύ με την ανθρώπινη φαινομενολογία ενός τόπου και τα πρότυπα σχεδιασμού μέσα από αρχιτεκτονικές φάσεις. Αν και ο σύγχρονος σχεδιασμός συγχρονίζεται με έναν ευρύ υπαρξισμό διαφορετικών τυπολογιών, οι τρόποι κατασκευής βασίζονται διαισθητικά σε τρόπους αστικής τέχνης που είναι γνωστικά παρούσες στο μυαλό κάθε αρχιτέκτονα με κάποια καλλιτεχνική, ιστορική και πολιτιστική συνείδηση της αστικής τέχνης σε δημόσιους ανοιχτούς χώρους, που αποτελούν τη βάση περιβαλλοντικών συνθέσεων αισθητικής ομορφιάς, με την έννοια της κατοικήσιμης εμπειρίας. Οι στόχοι αυτών των τόπων συχνά συνδέονται με την ανάδειξη των πόλεων, την ενίσχυση των γειτονιών και την παροχή χρώματος και χαρακτήρα στους αστικούς τόπους. Επιδιώκουν την αισθητική ανάδειξη των δημόσιων εγκαταστάσεων, διασφαλίζοντας αστικό χώρο και διατήρηση νέων και πολιτιστικών αντικειμένων τέχνης. Η αστική τέχνη, που συχνά συγχέεται ή συσχετίζεται με τον όρο «δημόσια τέχνη», ο οποίος μάλλον χαρακτηρίζεται από μεμονωμένα τεχνουργήματα που δρουν μέσα στους χώρους και ανεξάρτητα, συνδυάζοντας την ομορφιά και το νόημα με τη λειτουργία, περιλαμβάνει μια έντεχνη προσέγγιση στη δημιουργία του δομημένου περιβάλλοντος, καλλιεργεί συναισθήματα ταυτότητας και του 'ανήκειν', και αναδεικνύει την ταυτότητα της πόλης. Είναι η ταύτιση τυπικών στοιχείων μέσα στους χώρους, που συνήθως εκτιμάται ως μίμηση ή αναπαράσταση της ανθρώπινης κατοίκησης – έννοιες με βαθιές ρίζες στις φιλοσοφικές εξελίξεις και τις διδασκαλίες του Αριστοτέλη. Η διατριβή αυτή, μια επίδειξη του προβλήματος του ορισμού της αστικής τέχνης σε σχέση με τους δημόσιους ανοιχτούς αστικούς χώρους από τον μοντερνισμό μέχρι σήμερα, μαζί με την παρουσίαση συντακτικών αναπαραστάσεων σύγχρονων λύσεων, προσφέρει εργαλεία και δράσεις για την αρχιτεκτονική ποιοτική κατοίκηση του σύγχρονου δημόσιου ανοιχτού αστικού περιβάλλοντος.
José Bispo: o herói no romance "Terra de Caruaru", de José Condé
Authors: Silva Ivson Bruno da
Published: January 2024

Este artigo objetiva analisar o romance Terra de Caruaru (1960), do escritor José Condé, à luz do herói problemático, em especial, do Romantismo da desilusão e do Idealismo abstrato, tipos postulados por Georg Lukács, no livro A teoria do romance. A partir da leitura teórica do crítico húngaro, ao discutir sobre a fragmentaridade do sujeito no romance moderno, reconhece-se na análise duas características da personagem José Bispo: primeiro, voltado a sua interioridade, com uma visão de mundo amplificada e com ações mínimas; segundo, na maior parte da narrativa, com o predomínio de ações sem reflexão. Essas considerações vão expor o alcance e os limites interpretativos sobre o herói no texto condeano, que expressam as inquietações humanas cujo meio social já não encontra harmonia com as subjetividades dos indivíduos.
Da “crua” à “bem passada”: referentes ausentes no curta-metragem “Carne”
Authors: Willig Caroline Luiza , Schmidt Saraí Patrícia
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca dos corpos feminilizados no documentário de animação em curta-metragem intitulado Carne (2019), escrito e dirigido por Camila Kater. A análise é tecida a partir da semiótica da cultura, tendo como recorte os referentes ausentes sexistas e especistas narrados pelo objeto empírico, atribuídos às fases da vida destas (r)existências, interseccionando-as por meio de uma semiosfera permeada por relações de poder colonialistas.
PENSAMENTO SOCIAL, ESTEREÓTIPOS E VIAGENS TURÍSTICAS: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A PERSPECTIVA DE BAIANOS E CARIOCAS
Authors: Pereira Mendonça Anderson , Oliveira Braga Vitor
Published: January 2024

O presente estudo visa elucidar o pensamento social e os estereótipos que cariocas e baianos possuem a respeito de viagens turísticas a partir de um estudo quase-experimental no qual foram ativados diferentes perfis de turistas/viajantes, verificando uma causalidade a partir da variável-critério (ato de viajar). Os resultados do estudo apontaram para uma valorização do grupo externo (estereótipo positivo) e uma menor valorização do próprio grupo (estereótipo negativo) na perspectiva dos respondentes de ambos os grupos estudados, ratificando a ideia de que as Representações Sociais gerenciam os estereótipos, explicando uma semelhança na estruturação do Pensamento Social. Neste sentido, torna-se fundamental salientar que esta pesquisa também teve como objetivo a integração dos modelos de cognição e modelos do pensamento social, proporcionando, assim, uma maior compreensão dos fenômenos psicossociais, uma vez que há uma interligação dos conceitos desses dois campos epistemológicos.
A PSICANÁLISE NA INSTITUIÇÃO JURÍDICA PARA ADOLESCENTES AUTORES DE ATOS INFRACIONAIS: DA ESCUTA DO SUJEITO À PRODUÇÃO DE DOCUMENTOS
Authors: De Almeida Cruz Alexandre Théo , Freitas Nicolau Roseane
Published: January 2024

O presente trabalho discute a importância de sustentar o discurso do analista em instituições jurídicas que atendem a adolescentes em conflito com a lei, a maioria dos quais oriundos de um sistema social marcado pela exclusão social e pelo racismo, condição que os coloca em uma posição passiva frente ao discurso do mestre institucional no trabalho de normalização e orientação. Nesse sentido, a proposta é sustentada no fato de que somente a partir da escuta dos adolescentes é possível convocar um sujeito implicado com seu ato e responsável pelas mudanças no curso das escolhas que possa fazer. Portanto, a hipótese atribuída é a de que somente é possível a escuta do sujeito na instituição jurídica se nela está presente o psicanalista e se este operar um giro nos discursos institucionais É previsto, ainda, que o analista escreva documentação avaliativa que embase as decisões sobre as medidas aplicadas. Assim, será apresentada a análise de um caso, no qual os relatos demonstram como a força do discurso do mestre-institucional age para disciplinar o adolescente em sua condição de passividade, escutando apenas os atores institucionais que emitem as respostas documentadas.
Minerals and Serum Metabolites Profile in Cows Reared on Natural Pastures in a Semi-Arid Area
Authors: Molefe Keitiretse , Mwanza Mulunda
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to profile minerals and metabolite levels in cows solely reliant on natural pastures. Mineral plays a significant role in cattle production and reproduction. Measures of serum metabolites are good indicators in disease diagnosis and nutritional status of animals. A total of 179 blood samples were collected from cases of cows of different ages and breeds experiencing dystocia (n=50), downer cow syndrome (n=34), vaginal prolapse (n=16), retained placenta (n=13), and abortions (n=69) following reports submitted to the North-West (NWU) Animal Hospital in Mafikeng Campus. Analysis of minerals and serum metabolite were done using ICP-MSand IDEXX Catalyst Chemistry Analyser. The data were coded and analysed using the Statistical Software for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to show the distribution of the minerals and serum metabolites levels across the reproductive conditions. The results were significantly different at 5% (P <0.05). Low zinc levels were seen in cows with abortions and dystocia. In downer cow syndrome, the levels of iron, magnesium and phosphorus were high. Low Iodine levels were seen in cows with vaginal prolapse, retained placenta, abortion and dystocia. Low phosphorus levels were noted in cows with vaginal prolapse. Significant differences were seen in the concentrations of Urea/BUN, Total bilirubin, Aspartate amino-transferase (AST), ammonia and lipase. The levels of minerals and serum metabolites are significant indicators in cows presenting with different reproductive conditions and could affect production.