bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying long‐term phenological patterns of aerial insectivores roosting in the Great Lakes region using weather surveillance radar
Authors: Deng Yuting , Belotti Maria Carolina T. D. , Zhao Wenlong , Cheng Zezhou , Perez Gustavo , Tielens Elske , Simons Victoria F. , Sheldon Daniel R. , Maji Subhransu , Kelly Jeffrey F. , Horton Kyle G.
Published: November 2022

Organisms have been shifting their timing of life history events (phenology) in response to changes in the emergence of resources induced by climate change. Yet understanding these patterns at large scales and across long time series is often challenging. Here we used the US weather surveillance radar network to collect data on the timing of communal swallow and martin roosts and evaluate the scale of phenological shifts and its potential association with temperature. The discrete morning departures of these aggregated aerial insectivores from ground‐based roosting locations are detected by radars around sunrise. For the first time, we applied a machine learning algorithm to automatically detect and track these large‐scale behaviors. We used 21 years of data from 12 weather surveillance radar stations in the Great Lakes region to quantify the phenology in roosting behavior of aerial insectivores at three spatial levels: local roost cluster, radar station, and across the Great Lakes region. We show that their peak roosting activity timing has advanced by 2.26 days per decade at the regional scale. Similar signals of advancement were found at the station scale, but not at the local roost cluster scale. Air temperature trends in the Great Lakes region during the active roosting period were predictive of later stages of roosting phenology trends (75% and 90% passage dates). Our study represents one of the longest‐term broad‐scale phenology examinations of avian aerial insectivore species responding to environmental change and provides a stepping stone for examining potential phenological mismatches across trophic levels at broad spatial scales.
Effect of population size and selection on Toll‐like receptor diversity in populations of Galápagos mockingbirds
Authors: Vlček Jakub , Miláček Matěj , Vinkler Michal , Štefka Jan
Published: November 2022

The interactions of evolutionary forces are difficult to analyse in free‐living populations. However, when properly understood, they provide valuable insights into evolutionary biology and conservation genetics. This is particularly important for the interplay of genetic drift and natural selection in immune genes that confer resistance to disease. The Galápagos Islands are inhabited by four closely related species of mockingbirds (Mimus spp.). We used 12 different‐sized populations of Galápagos mockingbirds and one population of their continental relative northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) to study the effects of genetic drift on the molecular evolution of immune genes, the Toll‐like receptors (TLRs: TLR1B, TLR4 and TLR15). We found that neutral genetic diversity was positively correlated with island size, indicating an important effect of genetic drift. However, for TLR1B and TLR4, there was little correlation between functional (e.g., protein) diversity and island size, and protein structural properties were largely conserved, indicating only a limited effect of genetic drift on molecular phenotype. By contrast, TLR15 was less conserved and even its putative functional polymorphism correlated with island size. The patterns observed for the three genes suggest that genetic drift does not necessarily dominate selection even in relatively small populations, but that the final outcome depends on the degree of selection constraint that is specific for each TLR locus.
Anticoagulant effects of rivaroxaban, prednisone, alone and in combination, in healthy dogs
Authors: Hafner Paige M. , Mackin Andrew J. , Wills Robert W. , Brooks Marjory B. , Thomason John M.
Published: November 2022

Background

The potential effects of glucocorticoid administration on rivaroxaban's anticoagulant bioactivity in dogs, and an appropriate rivaroxaban dosage regimen for dogs receiving glucocorticoid therapy are unknown.

Hypothesis/Objectives

The objective was to determine whether glucocorticoid administration influences the anticoagulant effects of rivaroxaban in healthy dogs. We hypothesized that administration of rivaroxaban and prednisone would reduce the anticoagulant intensity compared with rivaroxaban alone.

Animals

Nine healthy dogs.

Methods

Randomized, cross‐over study. Dogs were administered prednisone (2 mg/kg, PO, q24h), rivaroxaban (1.5 mg/kg, PO, q24h), or prednisone and rivaroxaban, and the coagulation status was evaluated using prothrombin time (PT), and rivaroxaban‐calibrated anti‐Xa activity (RIVA, results were log10 transformed for analysis), before drug administration and on days 2, 4, and 8. Linear mixed models and correlation were used to evaluate associations in variables (P < .05 was considered significant).

Results

There were no differences in RIVA results for the rivaroxaban and prednisone/rivaroxaban groups on day 8 (P = .599, median 87 [range 45‐156] to 167 [56‐333], respectively, median difference 90 ng/mL [95% CI:87.3‐161.8]) There was a strong correlation between RIVA and PT results when days 2, 4, and 8 were combined (r = .846, P < .001), and increased during drug administration, day 2 (r = .810, P < .001), day 4 (r = .863, P < .001), and day 8 (r = .885, P < .001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Clotting times in the PT correlate with rivaroxaban levels and may prove useful for drug monitoring. Prednisone administration had no apparent influence on the anticoagulant effects of rivaroxaban in healthy dogs, suggesting that combined therapy will not require dosage adjustments.
Development of a novel head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognostic signature by bulk/single‐cell sequencing data integration
Authors: Dai Yibin , Li Jin , Huang Rong , Yao Qin , Shi Yawei , Guo Songsong , Wang Yanling , Cheng Jie
Published: November 2022

Background

Identifying cell subpopulations conferring unfavorable prognosis in cancer holds clinical significance. Here, we sought to identify prognostic cell subsets and develop a novel, prognostic signature for head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

Highly prognostic cell subpopulations in HNSCC were identified by integrating single‐cell and bulk transcriptomic datasets. The prognostic signature and nomogram were developed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate Cox regression analyses based on significantly upregulated genes in this specific cell subpopulation, respectively. The qRT‐PCR experiments were utilized for independent validation in our patient cohort.

Results

A specific cancer cell subset associated with unfavorable prognoses was identified. Functional dissections revealed that its transcriptional programs were significantly enriched in E2F, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, and glycolysis. A novel prognostic signature comprising six genes was developed and further validated. Risk scores based on qRT‐PCR data robustly stratified patients into subgroups with distinct prognoses. A nomogram integrated from this signature and clinical stage had superior performance.

Conclusion

Our model derived from integrative analyses of single‐cell and bulk RNA‐sequencing is a novel, robust prognostic biomarker for HNSCC.
Sequencing of Camelina neglecta, a diploid progenitor of the hexaploid oilseed Camelina sativa
Authors: Chaudhary Raju , Koh Chu Shin , Perumal Sampath , Jin Lingling , Higgins Erin E. , Kagale Sateesh , Smith Mark A. , Sharpe Andrew G. , Parkin Isobel A. P.
Published: November 2022

Camelina neglecta is a diploid species from the genus Camelina, which includes the versatile oilseed Camelina sativa. These species are closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana and the economically important Brassica crop species, making this genus a useful platform to dissect traits of agronomic importance while providing a tool to study the evolution of polyploids. A highly contiguous chromosome‐level genome sequence of C. neglecta with an N50 size of 29.1 Mb was generated utilizing Pacific Biosciences (PacBio, Menlo Park, CA) long‐read sequencing followed by chromosome conformation phasing. Comparison of the genome with that of C. sativa shows remarkable coincidence with subgenome 1 of the hexaploid, with only one major chromosomal rearrangement separating the two. Synonymous substitution rate analysis of the predicted 34 061 genes suggested subgenome 1 of C. sativa directly descended from C. neglecta around 1.2 mya. Higher functional divergence of genes in the hexaploid as evidenced by the greater number of unique orthogroups, and differential composition of resistant gene analogs, might suggest an immediate adaptation strategy after genome merger. The absence of genome bias in gene fractionation among the subgenomes of C. sativa in comparison with C. neglecta, and the complete lack of fractionation of meiosis‐specific genes attests to the neopolyploid status of C. sativa. The assembled genome will provide a tool to further study genome evolution processes in the Camelina genus and potentially allow for the identification and exploitation of novel variation for Camelina crop improvement.
Ask and They Will Listen: Economic Justice, Political Agency, and a Right to Health in Uganda
Authors: Boyd Lydia
Published: November 2022

Over the last two decades, courts have emerged as increasingly important fields of struggle in the fight for maternal health rights. While the success of litigation has been celebrated as a sign of the strength of rights‐based platforms as advocacy tools, critics of this approach have highlighted how these cases may do little to permanently address the systemic inequality that drives poor maternal health outcomes. Such critiques highlight persistent questions regarding the efficacy of human rights to address issues of economic inequality. This article explores these tensions by examining a legal case and associated advocacy for health rights in Uganda. By drawing on Ugandan political norms that emphasize the ways rights are collective and shaped by mutual obligations, activists have helped to draw the state back into debates over resource allocation even as neoliberal reforms have worked to sideline state investment in healthcare in the region. This article explores how African cultural frameworks for political advocacy may be effective in positioning the problem of economic inequality as a human rights issue in ways Western frameworks have not been.
Decreased levels of T follicular helper (CD4+CXCR5+) cells and CD27+CD38+ and CD27+CD38− B cells in ankylosing spondylitis patients correlate with markers of inflammation
Authors: Lejon Kristina , Hellman Urban , Kumar Anjani , Forsblad‐d'Elia Helena
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to study CD4+CXCR5+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells, CD27+CD38+ plasmablasts and CD27+CD38− memory B cells, as well as disease‐related factors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) from northern Sweden. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 50 patients with AS (mean age 52 ± 9 years, 66% men, 100% HLA‐B27 positive) and 50 pairwise matched blood donor controls (mean age 54 ± 9 years, 66% men) were stained with antibodies for CD27, CD38, CD19, CD3, CD4 and CXCR5 markers and analysed by flow cytometry. Patients with AS were examined with spinal x‐ray for radiographic alterations (mSASSS), and plasma levels of C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, as well as selected proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines were determined. Physical mobility, function and disease activity were registered by BASMI, BASFI and ASDAS‐CRP, BASDAI, respectively. Comparing AS patients and controls pairwise, we observed a 56% reduction of TFH cells in PBMCs from AS patients (P = .000008). Furthermore, a 20%‐30% reduction in plasmablasts and B memory cells (P ≤ .002 and P ≤ .007, respectively) was observed. In female patients, negative correlations between ESR and TFH, plasmablasts and B memory cells were observed; Rs = −0.551, P ≤ .02; Rs = −0.476, P ≤ .05 and Rs = −0.522, P ≤ .03, respectively. In addition, positive correlations between the regulatory cytokine IL‐10 and the proportion of B cells, IL‐22, and the proportion of plasmablasts as well as a negative correlation between levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐6 and TFH were detected. Our observations indicate a role of an aberrant humoral immune response related to inflammation in AS.
Cab45 deficiency leads to the mistargeting of progranulin and prosaposin and aberrant lysosomal positioning
Authors: Tran Mai Ly , Tüshaus Johanna , Kim Yeongho , Ramazanov Bulat R. , Devireddy Swathi , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Ferguson Shawn M. , von Blume Julia
Published: November 2022

The trans‐Golgi Network (TGN) sorts molecular “addresses” and sends newly synthesized proteins to their destination via vesicular transport carriers. Despite the functional significance of packaging processes at the TGN, the sorting of soluble proteins remains poorly understood. Recent research has shown that the Golgi resident protein Cab45 is a significant regulator of secretory cargo sorting at the TGN. Cab45 oligomerizes upon transient Ca2+ influx, recruits soluble cargo molecules (clients), and packs them in sphingomyelin‐rich transport carriers. However, the identity of client molecules packed into Cab45 vesicles is scarce. Therefore, we used a precise and highly efficient secretome analysis technology called hiSPECs. Intriguingly, we observed that Cab45 deficient cells manifest hypersecretion of lysosomal hydrolases. Specifically, Cab45 deficient cells secrete the unprocessed precursors of prosaposin (PSAP) and progranulin (PGRN). In addition, lysosomes in these cells show an aberrant perinuclear accumulation suggesting a new role of Cab45 in lysosomal positioning. This work uncovers a yet unknown function of Cab45 in regulating lysosomal function.
Exploring surface source contributions to ocean ambient noise interferometry with airgun shots
Authors: Ragland John , Abadi Shima
Published: November 2022

A seismic reflection survey conducted directly over two bottom-mounted hydrophones in the north-east Pacific Ocean is used to explore how surface source locations affect ambient noise interferometry for the two hydrophones. The airgun shots are used as an approximation of an impulsive sound source at a discrete location, which allows us to investigate spatial contributions to the cross correlation between the two hydrophones. Simulated and experimental results are presented. The contributions to the cross correlations are explained by different reflections off the surface or bottom of the ocean, and a discussion about what can and cannot be inferred about the emergence to the Green's function is presented.
A unified approach and descriptor for the thermal expansion of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
Authors: Zhong Yang , Zhang Lenan , Park Ji-Hoon , Cruz Samuel , Li Long , Guo Liang , Kong Jing , Wang Evelyn N.
Published: November 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have enabled promising applications in modern miniaturized devices. However, device operation may lead to substantial temperature rise and thermal stress, resulting in device failure. To address such thermal challenges, the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) needs to be well understood. Here, we characterize the in-plane TECs of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers and demonstrate superior accuracy using a three-substrate approach. Our measurements confirm the physical range of 2D monolayer TECs and, hence, address the more than two orders of magnitude discrepancy in literature. Moreover, we identify the thermochemical electronegativity difference of compositional elements as a descriptor, enabling the fast estimation of TECs for various TMD monolayers. Our work presents a unified approach and descriptor for the thermal expansion of TMD monolayers, which can serve as a guideline toward the rational design of reliable 2D devices.
Experimental realization of neutron helical waves
Authors: Sarenac Dusan , Henderson Melissa E. , Ekinci Huseyin , Clark Charles W. , Cory David G. , DeBeer-Schmitt Lisa , Huber Michael G. , Kapahi Connor , Pushin Dmitry A.
Published: November 2022

Methods of preparation and analysis of structured waves of light, electrons, and atoms have been advancing rapidly. Despite the proven power of neutrons for material characterization and studies of fundamental physics, neutron science has not been able to fully integrate these techniques because of small transverse coherence lengths, the relatively poor resolution of spatial detectors, and low fluence rates. Here, we demonstrate methods that are practical with the existing technologies and show the experimental achievement of neutron helical wavefronts that carry well-defined orbital angular momentum values. We discuss possible applications and extensions to spin-orbit correlations and material characterization techniques.
Curvilinear soft electronics by micromolding of metal nanowires in capillaries
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Zheng Michael , O’Connor Brendan , Dong Jingyan , Zhu Yong
Published: November 2022

Soft electronics using metal nanowires have attracted notable attention attributed to their high electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility. However, high-resolution complex patterning of metal nanowires on curvilinear substrates remains a challenge. Here, a micromolding-based method is reported for scalable printing of metal nanowires, which enables complex and highly conductive patterns on soft curvilinear and uneven substrates with high resolution and uniformity. Printing resolution of 20 μm and conductivity of the printed patterns of ~6.3 × 10
6
S/m are achieved. Printing of grid structures with uniform thickness for transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) and direct printing of pressure sensors on curved surfaces such as glove and contact lens are also realized. The printed hybrid soft TCEs and smart contact lens show promising applications in optoelectronic devices and personal health monitoring, respectively. This printing method can be extended to other nanomaterials for large-scale printing of high-performance soft electronics.
Respiratory function after birth in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Wild K Taylor , Mathew Leny , Hedrick Holly L , Rintoul Natalie E , Ades Anne , Soorikian Leane , Matthews Kelle , Posencheg Michael A , Kesler Erin , Van Hoose K Taylor , Panitch Howard B , Flibotte John , Foglia Elizabeth E
Published: November 2022

Objective

To characterise the transitional pulmonary physiology of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) using measures of expiratory tidal volume (TV) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2).

Design

Prospective single-centre observational study.

Setting

Quaternary neonatal intensive care unit.

Patients

Infants with an antenatal diagnosis of CDH born at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.

Interventions

TV and ETCO2were simultaneously recorded using a respiratory function monitor (RFM) during invasive positive pressure ventilation immediately after birth.

Main outcome measures

TV per birth weight and ETCO2values were summarised for each minute after birth. Subgroups of interest were defined by liver position (thoracic vs abdominal) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment.

Results

RFM data were available for 50 infants from intubation until a median (IQR) of 9 (7–14) min after birth. TV and ETCO2values increased for the first 10 min after birth, but intersubject values were heterogeneous. TVs were overall lower and ETCO2values higher in infants with an intrathoracic liver and infants who were ultimately treated with ECMO. On hospital discharge, survival was 88% (n=43) and 34% (n=17) of infants were treated with ECMO.

Conclusion

Respiratory function immediately after birth is heterogeneous for infants with CDH. Lung aeration, as evidenced by expired TV and ETCO2, appears to be ongoing throughout the first 10 min after birth during invasive positive pressure ventilation. Close attention to expired TV and ETCO2levels by 10 min after birth may provide an opportunity to optimise and individualise ventilatory support for this high-risk population.
Trends and inequities in the diagnosis and treatment of poststroke depression: a retrospective cohort study of privately insured patients in the USA, 2003–2020
Authors: Elser Holly , Caunca Michelle , Rehkopf David H , Andres Wells , Gottesman Rebecca F , Kasner Scott E , Yaffe Kristine , Schneider Andrea L C
Published: November 2022

Background

Depression is a common neuropsychiatric consequence of stroke, but there is little empiric evidence regarding clinical diagnosis and management of poststroke depression.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study among 831 471 privately insured patients with first stroke in the USA from 2003 to 2020. We identified diagnoses of poststroke depression using codes from the International Classification of Diseases. We identified treatment based on prescriptions for antidepressants. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to examine rates of poststroke depression diagnosis by gender, age and race/ethnicity. Among individuals who received a diagnosis of poststroke depression, we estimated treatment rates by gender, race/ethnicity and age using negative binomial regression analysis.

Results

Annual diagnosis and treatment rates for poststroke depression increased from 2003 to 2020 (both p for trend<0.001). Diagnosis rates were higher in women than men (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.55), lower among members of racial/ethnic minorities (vs white patients: Asian HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.66; Black HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.78; Hispanic HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.90) and varied by age. Among individuals diagnosed with poststroke depression, 69.8% were prescribed an antidepressant. Rates of treatment were higher in women vs men (rate ratio, RR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.21), lower among members of racial/ethnic minorities (vs white patients: Asian RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.90; Black RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.94; Hispanic RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99) and higher among older patients.

Conclusions

In this insured population, we identify potential inequities in clinical management of poststroke depression by gender, race/ethnicity and age that may reflect barriers other than access to healthcare.
Developing a symptoms-based risk score for infectious syphilis among men who have sex with men
Authors: Nieuwenburg Silvia Achia , Hoornenborg Elske , Davidovich Udi , de Vries Henry John Christiaan , Schim van der Loeff Maarten
Published: November 2022

Background

Syphilis incidence is rising among men who have sex with men (MSM). An online tool based on a risk score identifying men with higher risk of infectious syphilis could motivate MSM to seek care. We aimed therefore to develop a symptoms-based risk score for infectious syphilis.

Methods

We included data from all consultations by MSM attending the Amsterdam Centre for Sexual Health in 2018–2019. Infectious syphilis (ie, primary, secondary or early latent syphilis) was diagnosed according to the centre’s routine protocol. Associations between symptoms and infectious syphilis were expressed as odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Based on multivariable logistic regression models, we created risk scores, combining various symptoms. We assessed the area under the curve (AUC) and cut-off based on the Youden Index. We estimated which percentage of MSM should be tested based on a positive risk score and which percentage of infectious syphilis cases would then be missed.

Results

We included 21,646 consultations with 11,594 unique persons. The median age was 34 years (IQR 27–45), and 14% were HIV positive (93% on antiretroviral treatment). We diagnosed 538 cases of infectious syphilis. Associations with syphilis symptoms/signs were strong and highly significant, for example, OR for a painless penile ulcer was 35.0 (CI 24.9 to 49.2) and OR for non-itching rash 57.8 (CI 36.8 to 90.9). Yet, none of the individual symptoms or signs had an AUC >0.55. The AUC of risk scores combining various symptoms varied from 0.68 to 0.69. For all risk scores using cut-offs based on Youden Index, syphilis screening would be recommended in 6% of MSM, and 59% of infectious syphilis cases would be missed.

Conclusion

Symptoms-based risk scores for infectious syphilis perform poorly and cannot be recommended to select MSM for syphilis screening. All MSM with relevant sexual exposure should be regularly tested for syphilis.
Extremal Binary PFAs with Small Number of States
Authors: Cambie Stijn , de Bondt Michiel , Don Henk
Published: November 2022

The largest known reset thresholds for DFAs are equal to [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the number of states. This is conjectured to be the maximum possible. PFAs (with partial transition function) can have exponentially large reset thresholds. This is still true if we restrict to binary PFAs. However, asymptotics do not give conclusions for fixed [Formula: see text]. We prove that the maximal reset threshold for binary PFAs is strictly greater than [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text].

These results are mostly based on the analysis of synchronizing word lengths for a certain family of binary PFAs. This family has the following properties: it contains the well-known Černý automata; for [Formula: see text] it contains a binary PFA with maximal possible reset threshold; for all [Formula: see text] it contains a PFA with reset threshold larger than the maximum known for DFAs.

Analysis of this family reveals remarkable patterns involving the Fibonacci numbers and related sequences such as the Padovan sequence. We derive explicit formulas for the reset thresholds in terms of these recurrent sequences.

Asymptotically the Černý family gives reset thresholds of polynomial order. We prove that PFAs in the family are not extremal for [Formula: see text]. For that purpose, we present an improvement of Martyugin’s prime number construction of binary PFAs.
Improving Multi-Class Code Readability Classification with An Enhanced Data Augmentation Approach (130)
Authors: Mi Qing , Wang Luo , Hu Lisha , Ou Liwei , Yu Yang
Published: November 2022

Being a critical factor affecting the maintainability and reusability of the software, code readability is growing crucial in modern software development, where a metric for classifying code readability levels is both applicable and desired. However, most prior research has treated code readability classification as a binary classification task due to the lack of labeled data. To support the training of multi-class code readability classification models, we propose an enhanced data augmentation approach that could be used to generate sufficient readability data and well train a multi-class code readability model. The approach includes the use of domain-specific data transformation and GAN-based data augmentation. We conduct a series of experiments to verify our augmentation approach and gain a state-of-the-art multi-class code readability classification performance with 69.5% Micro-F1, 54.0% Macro-F1 and 67.7% Macro-AUC. Compared to the results where no augmented data is used, the improvements on Micro-F1, Macro-F1 and Macro-AUC are significant with 6.9%, 11.3% and 11.2%, respectively. As an innovative work of proposing multi-class code readability classification and an enhanced code readability data augmentation approach, our method is proved to be effective.
Preprocessing and Artificial Intelligence for Increasing Explainability in Mental Health
Authors: Angerri X. , Gibert Karina
Published: November 2022

This paper shows the added value of using the existing specific domain knowledge to generate new derivated variables to complement a target dataset and the benefits of including these new variables into further data analysis methods. The main contribution of the paper is to propose a methodology to generate these new variables as a part of preprocessing, under a double approach: creating 2nd generation knowledge-driven variables, catching the experts criteria used for reasoning on the field or 3rd generation data-driven indicators, these created by clustering original variables. And Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence techniques like Clustering or Traffic light Panels help to obtain successful results. Some results of the project INSESS-COVID19 are presented, basic descriptive analysis gives simple results that even though they are useful to support basic policy-making, especially in health, a much richer global perspective is acquired after including derivated variables. When 2nd generation variables are available and can be introduced in the method for creating 3rd generation data, added value is obtained from both basic analysis and building new data-driven indicators.
De Finetti-type theorems on quasi-local algebras and infinite Fermi tensor products
Authors: Crismale Vitonofrio , Rossi Stefano , Zurlo Paola
Published: November 2022

Local actions of [Formula: see text], the group of finite permutations on [Formula: see text], on quasi-local algebras are defined and proved to be [Formula: see text]-abelian. It turns out that invariant states under local actions are automatically even, and extreme invariant states are strongly clustering. Tail algebras of invariant states are shown to obey a form of the Hewitt and Savage theorem, in that they coincide with the fixed-point von Neumann algebra. Infinite graded tensor products of [Formula: see text]-algebras, which include the CAR algebra, are then addressed as particular examples of quasi-local algebras acted upon [Formula: see text] in a natural way. Extreme invariant states are characterized as infinite products of a single even state, and a de Finetti theorem is established. Finally, infinite products of factorial even states are shown to be factorial by applying a twisted version of the tensor product commutation theorem, which is also derived here.
Three-Dimensional Free Vibration Analysis of Hyperelastic Structures Under Bending Load Using the VDQ-Transformed Method
Authors: Ansari R. , Hassani R. , Gholami Y. , Rouhi H.
Published: November 2022

Using the ideas of variational differential quadrature (VDQ) technique and position transformation, an efficient numerical approach is developed herein in order to address the free vibration problem of compressible and nearly-incompressible solid bodies with arbitrary deformed shape within the framework of 3D hyperelasticity. The 3D hyperelasticity is first formulated by vector-matrix relations with the purpose of applying in coding process. An energy principle together with the Neo-Hookean strain energy function is also employed in the derivation of governing equations. The proposed numerical method is capable of addressing problems with irregular domains. Simple application, being free from the locking problem, and fast convergence rate are the key features of the approach. Hyperelastic rectangular/ sector plates and cylindrical panel subjected to bending load are selected as test problems whose free vibrations are analyzed. The developed numerical method is found to be capable of yielding accurate solutions to the considered problems. Moreover, the effects of mode transition and geometrical properties are investigated in the numerical examples.
Entropy-Based Feature Extraction Model for Fundus Images with Deep Learning Model
Authors: Gadde Sai Sudha , Kiran K. V. D.
Published: November 2022

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is stated as a disease in the eyes that affects the retina blood vessels and causes blindness. The early diagnosis and detection of the DR in patients preserve the patient’s vision. In general, for the diagnosis of eye diseases, retinal fundus images are employed. The advancement in the automatic diagnosis of diseases attained higher significance for rapid advancement in computing technology in the medical field. Besides, for the diagnosis of the diseases, fundus image automatic detection is involved in the recognition of blood vessels evaluated based on the length, branching pattern, and width. However, fundus images have low contrast and it is difficult to evaluate the identification of the disease in blood vessels. As a result, it is necessary to adopt a consistent automated method to extract blood vessels in the fundus images for DR. The conventional automated localization of the macula and optic disk in the retinal fundus images needs to be improved for DR disease diagnosis. But existing methods are not sufficient for the early identification and detection of DR. This paper proposed an entropy distributed matching global and local clustering (EDMGL) for fundus images. The developed EDMGL comprises the different uncertainties for the evaluation of the classes based on local and global entropy. The fundus image local entropy is evaluated based on the spatial likelihood fuzzifier membership function estimation for segmentation. The final proposed algorithm membership function is estimated using the addition of weighted parameters through membership estimation based on the global and local entropy. The classification performance of the proposed EDMGL is evaluated based on the dice coefficient, segmentation accuracy, and partition entropy. The performance of the proposed EDMGL is comparatively examined with the conventional technique. The comparative analysis expressed that the performance of the proposed EDMGL exhibits ∼5% improved performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.
Combined Underdamped Bistatic Stochastic Resonance for Weak Signal Detection and Fault Diagnosis under Wavelet Transform
Authors: He Li-Fang , Liu Qiu-Ling , Jiang Zhong-Jun
Published: November 2022

A novel combined underdamped bistable stochastic resonance (CUBSR) is proposed in this paper. Under the noise-free condition, the output amplitude is used as a measurement index of classical bistable stochastic resonance (CBSR) and CUBSR, which demonstrate CUBSR does not have output saturation characteristics and has a more prominent signal enhancement capability. Then, the expressions of mean first-pass time (MFPT), steady-state probability density (SPD) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are derived. Combined with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA) for numerical simulations, the comparison of the theoretical derivation and numerical simulation of CUBSR can be verified. Then, the two systems are applied to the engineering application of bearing fault diagnosis. Finally, the multi-scale noise-modulated SR method based on wavelet packet transform is studied to overcome the limitation of traditional parameter modulation and to achieve SR detection at multiple frequencies. Simulation analysis and bearing fault diagnosis show that the method can effectively detect the multi-frequency weak signal submerged in noise, resulting in a significant enhancement in signal amplitude.
Polyhedral homotopies in Cox coordinates
Authors: Duff T. , Telen S. , Walker E. , Yahl T.
Published: November 2022

We introduce the Cox homotopy algorithm for solving a sparse system of polynomial equations on a compact toric variety [Formula: see text]. The algorithm lends its name from a construction, described by Cox, of [Formula: see text] as a GIT quotient [Formula: see text] of a quasi-affine variety by the action of a reductive group. Our algorithm tracks paths in the total coordinate space [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and can be seen as a homogeneous version of the standard polyhedral homotopy, which works on the dense torus of [Formula: see text]. It furthermore generalizes the commonly used path tracking algorithms in (multi)projective spaces in that it tracks a set of homogeneous coordinates contained in the [Formula: see text]-orbit corresponding to each solution. The Cox homotopy combines the advantages of polyhedral homotopies and (multi)homogeneous homotopies, tracking only mixed volume many solutions and providing an elegant way to deal with solutions on or near the special divisors of [Formula: see text]. In addition, the strategy may help to understand the deficiency of the root count for certain families of systems with respect to the BKK bound.
Sections in the bounded derived category of piecewise hereditary algebras
Authors: Chaio Claudia , Chaio Alfredo González , Pratti Isabel
Published: November 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite-dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field. We study sections in the Auslander–Reiten quiver of the categories of complexes of fixed size and in the Auslander–Reiten quiver of the bounded derived category. One of the aims of this work is to show where the indecomposable [Formula: see text]-modules can be found in the Auslander–Reiten quiver of the derived category, whenever [Formula: see text] is a piecewise hereditary algebra. We also prove that we can obtain a transjective component of the bounded derived category from a section. As an application of the results of sections, we find a bound on the strong global dimension of some piecewise hereditary algebras of tree type. Moreover, we also determine the strong global dimension of some algebras taking into account their ordinary quivers with relations.
EFFECT OF NUCLEOTOMY ON AXIAL AND RADIAL COMPRESSION STRAIN DISTRIBUTIONS OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC
Authors: YANG XIUPING , SUN FENGJU , ZHU SONGFENG , SONG YANG , LIU QING , ZHANG CHUNQIU
Published: November 2022

Surgery of nucleus pulposus removal is one of the methods used for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation in the clinic. In order to understand the strain states of the lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) after nucleotomy, the axial compression experiments of porcine lumbar IVD were implemented using digital image correlation (DIC) technology. The normal IVDs are named as control group; the IVDs treated with trypsin by removing the nucleus pulposus are named as experimental group. The distributions and the change rules of both axial and radial strains in different regions of the IVD with load were studied, and the experimental results of two groups were compared. The results show that both axial and radial strains of different regions increased with stress in two groups, and the variation had non-uniformity. The axial strain in the posterior region of the annulus fibrosus (AF) was larger than that in the anterior region, and the inner AF was larger than that of the outer AF. The axial strain increase of the experimental group was larger than that of the control group obviously. In the posterior region, the radial strain increase was larger than that in the anterior region, and the outer AF was significantly larger than that of the inner AF. The radial strain direction of the experimental group in the inner AF was towards the center of the nucleus pulposus, which was opposite to that of the control group, and the radial strain increase was evidently smaller than that of the control group. In the outer AF, the radial strain direction of the experimental group was the same as that of the control group and the radial strain increase was significantly larger than that.
Deep neural networks can stably solve high-dimensional, noisy, non-linear inverse problems
Authors: Pineda Andrés Felipe Lerma , Petersen Philipp Christian
Published: November 2022

We study the problem of reconstructing solutions of inverse problems when only noisy measurements are available. We assume that the problem can be modeled with an infinite-dimensional forward operator that is not continuously invertible. Then, we restrict this forward operator to finite-dimensional spaces so that the inverse is Lipschitz continuous. For the inverse operator, we demonstrate that there exists a neural network which is a robust-to-noise approximation of the operator. In addition, we show that these neural networks can be learned from appropriately perturbed training data. We demonstrate the admissibility of this approach to a wide range of inverse problems of practical interest. Numerical examples are given that support the theoretical findings.
p-Toluenethiolate manganese(II) porphyrin complexes: Structure and spectroscopic properties
Authors: Yuan Yiwen , Zhao Jianping , Li Jianfeng
Published: November 2022

Utilizing tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), tetratolylporphyrin (TTP), tetramesitylporphyrin (TMP), and tetra-[Formula: see text]-chlorophenylporphyrin (T[Formula: see text]ClPP) as ligands, several five-coordinate high-spin [Formula: see text]-toluenethiolate Manganese(II) complexes are isolated and studied by UV-vis, single-crystal X-ray and EPR spectroscopies. The crystal structures show noteworthy features including flexible axial [Formula: see text]-toluenethiolate ligands and intramolecular C−H[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] interactions between ligands and porphyrin planes. All four products are further studied by X-band EPR on both solid and solution states at 4 K which confirmed the [Formula: see text] = 2/5 high-spin states. Temperature-dependent EPR and measurements with different equivalents of ligands are also reported for comparison. The work provides new references for the study of the active center of P450s and the biochemical reaction between cysteine residues and heme.
On metric dimension of some planar graphs with 2n odd sided faces
Authors: Sharma Sunny Kumar , Bhat Vijay Kumar , Singh Pradeep
Published: November 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a connected graph of size [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] is an ordered subset of distinct vertices in [Formula: see text] then the subset [Formula: see text] is said to be a resolving set for [Formula: see text], if all of the vertices in the graph can be uniquely defined by the vector of distances to the vertices in [Formula: see text]. A resolving set [Formula: see text] with minimum possible vertices is said to be a metric basis for [Formula: see text]. The cardinality of the metric basis is called the metric dimension of the graph [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we demonstrate that the metric dimension for some families of related planar graphs is three.
Bioinformatics and Molecular Dynamics Studies on the Human DISC1 in Complex with the Ndel1
Authors: Yaghoubzad-Maleki Mohammad , Habibi Saba , Heshmati Emran , Khalifeh Khosrow
Published: November 2022

In this study we analyzed the sequence and structure of the human DISC1-Ndel1 complex using bioinformatics tools and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Multiple sequence alignment between the homologue protein sequences in primates shows that corresponding positions of residues in Ndel1 are highly conserved, while the DISC1 has variable conservation lines demonstrating its tolerability against various mutations during evolutionary time scale. In comparison with the mouse variant, structural analysis has shown that the evolutionary inserted charged residues in the human DISC1 (E[Formula: see text]-R[Formula: see text]) can establish intra-chain electrostatic interactions with the K[Formula: see text]-E[Formula: see text] dipeptide that may result in more stability of the DISC1 chain. According to MD simulation studies, the compactness for the human variant of the DISC1-Ndel1 is considerably lower than that of the mouse variant. Analysis of structural fluctuation shows that a fragment at the N-terminus side of the human DISC1 has more residual fluctuation. However, the Ndel1 chain of the human variant has globally more flexibility compared with the mouse variant. Considering the identical amino acid sequence of the Ndel1 chains of human and mouse, it concluded that there is a competition between the inter-chain and intra-chain electrostatic interaction in the human DISC1 that directs the complex to weaker inter-chain interactions with the expense of strengthening the intra-chain stabilizing interaction in complex.
User-driven Online Kernel Fusion for SYCL
Authors: Pérez Víctor , Sommer Lukas , Lomüller Victor , Narasimhan Kumudha , Goli Mehdi
Published: November 2022

Heterogeneous programming models are becoming increasingly popular to support the ever-evolving hardware architectures, especially for new and emerging specialized accelerators optimizing specific tasks. While such programs provide performance portability of the existing applications across various heterogeneous architectures to some extent, short-running device kernels can affect an application performance due to overheads of data transfer, synchronization, and kernel launch. While in applications with one or two short-running kernels the overhead can be negligible, it can be noticeable when these short-running kernels dominate the overall number of kernels in an application, as it is the case in graph-based neural network models, where there are several small memory-bound nodes alongside few large compute-bound nodes.

To reduce the overhead, combining several kernels into a single, more optimized kernel is an active area of research. However, this task can be time-consuming and error-prone given the huge set of potential combinations. This can push programmers to seek a tradeoff between (a) task-specific kernels with low overhead but hard to maintain and (b) smaller modular kernels with higher overhead but easier to maintain. While there are DSL-based approaches, such as those provided for machine learning frameworks, which offer the possibility of such a fusion, they are limited to a particular domain and exploit specific knowledge of that domain and, as a consequence, are hard to port elsewhere. This study explores the feasibility of a user-driven
kernel fusion
through an extension to the SYCL API to address the automation of kernel fusion. The proposed solution requires programmers to define the subgraph regions that are potentially suitable for fusion without any modification to the kernel code or the function signature. We evaluate the performance benefit of our approach on common neural networks and study the performance improvement in detail.
Synchronized Shared Memory and Black-box Procedural Abstraction: Toward a Formal Semantics of Blech
Authors: Gretz Friedrich , Grosch Franz-Josef , Mendler Michael , Scheele Stephan
Published: November 2022

Traditional imperative synchronous programming languages heavily rely on a strict separation between data memory and communication signals. Signals can be shared between computational units but cannot be overwritten within a synchronous reaction cycle. Memory can be destructively updated but cannot be shared between concurrent threads. This incoherence makes traditional imperative synchronous languages cumbersome for the programmer. The recent definition of
sequentially constructive
synchronous languages offers an improvement. It removes the separation between data memory and communication signals and unifies both through the notion of
clock synchronized shared memory
. However, it still depends on global causality analyses, which precludes black-box procedural abstraction. This complicates reuse and composition of software components. This article shows how black-box procedural abstraction can be accommodated inside the sequentially constructive model of computation. We present the Sequentially Constructive Procedural Language (
SCoPL
) and its semantic theory of
policy-constructive
synchronous processes.
SCoPL
supports black-box procedural abstractions using
policy interfaces
to ensure that procedure calls are memory-safe and wait-free and their scheduling is determinate and causal. At the same time, a policy interface constrains the level of freedom for the implementation and subsequent refactoring of a procedure. As a result, policies enable separate compilation and composition of procedures. We present our extensions abstractly as a formal semantics for
SCoPL
and motivate it concretely in the context of the open-source, embedded, real-time language
Blech
.