bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Methaemoglobinaemia Caused by Aniline Dye Intoxication Report of a Case
Authors: LUNDBERG ÅKE
Published: January 2008

Summary

A case of acute methaemoglobinaemia caused by the ingestion of marking ink is described. A short survey is given of the relevant literature on the causes of methaemoglobinaemia, the clinical picture and the various therapeutic methods. A suitable scheme of treatment is suggested.
Pneumo‐Encephalography in a Pediatric Department Review of 214 Cases With Special Reference to Brain Atrophy
Authors: VESTERDAL J. , FOGHT‐NIELSEN K. E. , THOMSEN G.
Published: January 2008

Summary

The authors review 214 consecutive encephalograms from children mostly suffering from epilepsy, oligophrenia, cerebral palsy, or various combinations of these symptoms. Sixty‐two patients had normal encephalograms, while almost all the others had more or less pronounced brain atrophy. Except in the cases with one‐sided symptoms, no conspicuous correlation existed between the nature of the symptoms or the electroencephalograms, and the character of the brain atrophy, except that most epileptics had normal pictures. Very often there was a disproportion between the severity of the clinical symptoms and the degree of brain atrophy visible on the encephalogram. In 60 per cent of the patients with hemiplegia or jacksonian seizures asymmetrical atrophy of the brain was founded. Agenesia of the corpus callosum was found in two cases. That no disease which could be treated neurosurgically was found in this series is, at least partially, accounted for by our practice of immediate transfer to the neurosurgical department of all cases suspected of brain tumour.
Biophysical Studies on Bone Tissue III. Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone Disease)
Authors: ENGFELDT B. , ENGSTRÖM A. , ZETTERSTRÖM R.
Published: January 2008

Summary

In two cases with osteopetrosis the bone tissue has been studied by biophysical methods. The ultrastructure has been studied with X‐ray diffraction and the distribution of mineral salts with microradiography: the molecular structure is the same as in normal bone. The distribution of the mineral salts is quite different from normal bones, but shows characteristic patterns. The arrangement of collagen has been investigated in polarized light, the arrangement being quite irregular, a fact which seems to give a satisfactory explanation for the fragility of the bones. The cause of the disease is to be found in some functional anomaly of the bone‐forming cells.
Idiopathic Renal Acidosis
Authors: GABRIELSEN LARS H.
Published: January 2008

Summary

A case of chronic acidosis diagnosed at the age of 4 months and followed for 2 years is discussed. The biochemical changes in the blood and urine were similar to those described in idiopathic renal acidosis. Calcifications in the renal parenchyma were first demonstrated by roentgen examination at the age of 2 years. There was no etiological explanation for the patient's condition which, being apparent from the first months of life, appeared to be congenital. Alkali treatment had a beneficial effect on the symptomatology but no curative effect upon the acidosis.
Height and Weight of Schoolboys at a Stockholm Secondary School, 1950, and a Comparison with Some Earlier Investigations
Authors: ABRAMSON ERNST , ERNEST EVA
Published: January 2008

During the past 70 years, schoolboys in Stockholm have increased about 15 cm in height and about 12 kg in weight, while the increase in height of the adult population is scarcely half as great. No relation between family income and the weight of the boys could be shown. A slight connection between the income and increase in height cannot be ruled out. A significant correlation is to be found between height and social class. The probable reasons for this are discussed. Some relevant research problems, deemed to be of a particular interest, are briefly outlined.
Penicillin Treatment and Immunity to Scarlatina1
Authors: STRÖM JUSTUS
Published: January 2008

The effect of penicillin on immunity following scarlatina has been investigated. Comparative studies were made of the incidence of second attacks in Stockholm during the pre‐penicillin period 1938–46 and during the penicillin period 1947–51. Parallel series in addition comprised treated and untreated cases.

Early second attacks, or relapses, in hospital diminished considerably due to the lesser risk of cross‐infections. The frequency of early second attacks within the first three months of recovery was, however, as great as previously. Apart from the possibility of impaired immunologic conditions during this first period, the factors governing the recurrence of attack at this stage are nowadays the risk of infection from the home environment and also, to some degree, the lack of intensity in treatment. A reduction in the early second attacks should be obtainable as a result of effective treatment and after‐control of the patients and of eradication of bacteria from the environment.

As regards the late second attacks (after three months) the frequency was many times higher in 0–14 year‐old children who had been treated with penicillin than in the untreated. With increase in age, moreover, the relative frequency of second attacks rose still more. The interval between attacks was much shorter than in the pre‐penicillin period. There was thus a marked deterioration in immunity, which was all the more pronounced as the children grew older.

It proved probable that the risk of a new attack of scarlatina could be diminished by postponement of treatment. This is in agreement with the observation that second attacks among penicillin‐treated desquamation cases are very much less numerous than among treated cases of scarlatina.

The value of penicillin in the treatment of scarlatina is so great that its use should be continued. The tendency to second attacks, even recurring attacks, is on the other hand so considerable, at least in built‐up areas, that a modification in the treatment should be introduced. Postponed treatment can be adopted in all cases in children except those exhibiting markedly toxic symptoms or purulent complications.
Sclerema Neonatorum Report of a Case Treated with ACTH
Authors: SØNDERGAARD GUNNAR , NIELSEN JOHANNES PETER
Published: January 2008

A case of sclerema neonatorum in a 4‐week‐old boy, treated with ACTH with good effect, is reported.
Retarded Growth in Association with Gonadal Insufficiency Three Cases of Turner's Syndrome
Authors: ØSTER JAKOB
Published: January 2008

Two cases are reported of Turner's syndrome in female patients. In addition, an account is given of a boy whose symptomatology highly suggests that he belongs pathogenetically to the same group. It is emphasized that therapeutic substitution therapy is definitely indicated in the cases of girls, though the pathogenesis is obscure. Further, it is pointed out that attention should be focused on testicular insufficiency in boys with a suspected Turner's syndrome, and that substitution therapy should be tried here, too.
Plasma Glutamine and Glutamic Acid in Children with Brain Diseases as Compared with Normal Children1
Authors: MUNKVAD IB , VESTERDAL JØRGEN
Published: January 2008

With the method of KREBS, the plasma glutamine and glutamic acid have been determined in 12 children without cerebral disorders, and in 25 children with cerebral diseases, particularly cerebral palsy and epilepsy, and also in 5 children with neuroses. Very great variations occur in the same individual at different times. The children with cerebral disorders show the same glutamic acid level as the controls, but their glutamine level was lower. However, the method is of no diagnostic value. Further studies in this field will be carried out.
Periarteritis Nodosa in an Infant of Three Months
Authors: BOHMAN MICHAEL
Published: January 2008

Description of a case, that of a 3 months old hoy, in which the clinical picture was that of septic fever, local abscesses (after injections), mild jaundice, hepatic enlargement, and signs of myocardial injury. The diagnosis could not be made during life. Necropsy and microscopical examination disclosed severe arteritic changes in several organs, particularly the coronary arteries and the arteries of the kidneys and suprarenal glands, where changes typical of p.n. were present. The lesions were partly of a chronic, sclerosing type (which might indicate that the disease set in during fetal life). Bacterial cultures post mortem gave a growth of pathogenic microorganism from various organs. Since the disease became manifest clinically, after vaccination against pertussis, this etiology is discussed as well.
Megaloblastic Anemia in Infancy: Megaloblastic Anemia Occurring in an Infant of a Mother Suffering from Pernicious Anemia of Pregnancy
Authors: ZETTERSTRÖM R. , FRANZÉN S.
Published: January 2008

1. A case is described of megaloblastic anemia in a four months old breast fed infant, whose mother was suffering from pernicious anemia of pregnancy. The anemia responded promptly to vitamin B12. There was no further therapeutic effect from folic acid, a fact indicating that vitamin B]2 was the missing factor in this case.
Electrocardiographic Changes in Measles
Authors: BENGTSSON ELIAS , BERGLUND ANDERS
Published: January 2008

In a study of measles, 451 cases were examined electrocardiographically. Of these 409 were children and 42 were adults; pathological electrocardiographic changes were found in 2 of the children (that is to say less than 1/2 per cent), but in no less than 7 cases in the adults (16.7 per cent). The changes were of a transient nature and lasted on an average 2–3 weeks, except in one case in which a right bundle branch block arose in a 2‐year‐old child and was still present one year later.
Chemotherapy in Infantile Diarrhoea A Trial in 173 Infants
Authors: WINTER S. T. , LEVI D. , ECKHAUS S. , MUHSAM H. V.
Published: January 2008

A controlled trial of penicillin, sulphadiazine, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and aureomycin was carried out in 173 infants with infantile diarrhoea, the majority of whom were malnourished. None of these drugs had a clear‐cut effect on the course of the illness as judged by the duration of the diarrhoea.
On Psychogenic Obesity in Childhood. V
Authors: ØSTERGAARD LISE
Published: January 2008

The article is based on a psychological examination of 58 obese children and their homes. The examination comprised interviews, intelligence‐ and Rorschach‐testing. Considerable emotional difficulties were found in 45 of the cases. In 16 cases a coincidence could be traced between specific traumatic events in the children's lives and the onset of adiposity. In 29 cases the dynamic relations between parents and child have caused difficulties in the emotional development of the children. In these cases obesity is regarded to be one of several symptoms of lack of emotional balance and of personal insecurity in the child.
Radiological Findings in Congenital Cystic Pancreatic Fibrosis
Authors: THOMSEN GREGERS , VESTERDAL JØRGEN
Published: January 2008

The authors review the radiological findings in 18 oases of fibrocystic disease of the pancreas. In five cases of meconium ileus the radiological picture was very suggestive as to the diagnosis. Later in life, the combination of a diffuse net‐like pattern in the lungs and an irregular intestinal pattern with segmentation was very characteristic of this disease, although each of these findings, taken separately, was inconclusive, as it might be caused by other diseases.
Atypical Congenital Hemolytic Anemia in Early Infancy
Authors: JONSSON B. , ZETTERSTROM R.
Published: January 2008

Two cases of atypical congenital hemolytic anemia manifest in early infancy have been described. The children have been followed up until the age of almost two years. In both cases no hematological abnormalities could be found in the parents. Transfused normal cells had a shortened life span when measured according to the Ashby technique and the Coombs' test was negative.
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: STRÖM L. , WINBERG J.
Published: January 2008

A case of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with elevated intracranial pressure and epileptiform attacks is described. It concerns the case of a boy, six years old, that diagnostically answers to the criteria stipulated by DRAKE and others. The symptoms of the disease were brought under satisfactory control, and the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid was normalized by large doses of vitamin D. By means of adequate therapy, the patient was free from symptoms for more than one year. One of the most striking features of the symptomatology of the present case were the changes in behavior. They were clearly correlated with the hypocalcemia. The cerebral symptoms are thought to be caused by cerebral edema.
Genital Intersexuality in Three Brothers, Connected with Consanguineous Marriages in the Three Previous Generations
Authors: DE VAAL O. M.
Published: January 2008

On the basia of experimental and spontaneously occurring disturbances in the development of the gonado‐genital tract the clinical forms of intersexuality are classified. Data on the genetic background of all forms of intersexuality in man are few.

An unusual case of genital intersexuality in three brothers who had a normally developed sister, is described. In three preceding generations, consanguineous marriages had occurred.

The various therapeutic measures are mentioned; care must be taken with operative support before puberty.

Intersexualité chez trois frères en rapport avec des mariages consanguins dans les trois générations antérieures.

Les différentes formes d'intersexualité sont classées par rapport à des faits expérimentaux et des cas cliniques spontanés se rapportant aux erreurs de développement du tractus génital. Les fondements génétiques de toutes les formes cliniques d'intersexualité sont peu nombreux. L'auteur décrit un cas exceptionnel d'intersexualité chez trois frères qui ont d'ailleurs une sœur normale. Dans les trois générations antérieures il y avait des mariages consanguins. Les différentes thérapeutiques sont signalées. Il faut ítre très circonspect lorsque l'on envisage une opération avant la puberté.

Genitale Intersexualität bei drei Brüdern, verbunden mit Blutsverwandtenehen in drei vorhergehenden Generationen.

Auf der Basis von experimentellen und spontan auf tretenden Entwicklungsstörungen des Gonado‐genitaltraktes werden die klinischen Formen der Intersexualität klassi‐fiziert. Es gibt nur wenige Angaben über die Genèse aller Formen von Intersexualität beim Menschen. Ein ungewöhnlicher Fall von Intersexualität bei drei Brüdern, die eine normal entwickelte Schwester hatten, wird beschrieben. In den drei vorhergehenden Generationen waren Blutsverwandtenehen aufgetreten. Die verschiedenen therapeutischen Massnahmen werden angegeben; vor der Pubertät ist Vorsicht mit operativen Eingriffen angezeigt.

Intersezualidad genital en tres hermanos relacionada con matrimonios consanguineos en las tres generaciones anteriores.

Las formas clínicas de intersexualidad estän clasificadas sobre la base de los cambios experimentales o clínicos durante el desarrollo del tracto gonadogenital. En el hombre existen pocos datos acerca del fondo genético de todas las formas de intersexualidad. Se describe el caso poco común de intersexualidad genital en 3 hermanos que tuvieron una hermana normalmente desarrollada. En las très generaciones anteriores existieron matrimonios consanguineos. Se mencionan medidas terapéuticas. Debe tenerse cuidado con las soluciones quirúrgicas anteriores a la pubertad.
Hospitalization Symptoms in Children
Authors: ÖRSTEN PER‐ÅKE , MATTSSON ÅKE
Published: January 2008

A survey is made of the literature on injuries due to the hospitalization of children. These injuries are also illustrated by a few cases of our own. Etiology, symptomatology and therapy in hospitalism are discussed. Different prophylactic measures are presented as essential for the care of children in hospitals as wells as in institutions.
The Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: HERLITZ GILLIS , REDIN BJÖRN
Published: January 2008

The methods of estimating and indicating the prevalence of cerebral palsy in a population are critically discussed. A survey is given of the occurrence of cerebral palsy in a 10‐year group of a population of 265,000 individuals in Sweden. The incidence of cerebral palsy was here 2.1 per 1000 children in the ages 2–11 years. In two thirds of the cases prematurity, illness of the mother during pregnancy or an abnormal obstetrical history was shown to have been present. Mental defects, corresponding to I.Q.<70, occurred in 57 per cent and low grade mentality (I.Q. <50) in 38 per cent of the cases.

La fréquence des encéphalopathies chroniques de l'enfance.

L'auteur discute les méthodes employées pour estimer et déterminer la fréquence de la paralysie par encéphalopathie dans une population. On a étudié la fréquence de la paralysie par encéphalopathie dans un groupe d'enfants âgés de dix ans parmi une population de 265.000 habitants en Suède. Elle était de 2,1 pour mille enfants âgés de 2 à 11 ans. Dans deux tiers des cas on a retrouvé dans l'anamnèse la prématuration, une maladie de la mère pendant la grossesse ou des difficultés obstétriquales à la naissance. Dans 57 % des cas il y avait une déficience mentale correspondant à un quotient d'intelligence inférieur à 70, dans 38 % des cas il y avait débilité mentale marquée (quot. d'intell. inférieur à 50).

Die Verbreitung der cerebralen Kinderlähmung (Morbus Little).

Die Methoden zur Schätzung der Verbreitung der cerebralen Kinderlähmung in einer Bevölkerungsgruppe werden kritisch beurteilt. Es wird ein Uberblick über die Häufigkeit der cerebralen Kinderlähmung in einer 10 Jahre umfassenden Bevölkerungsgruppe von 265000 Einwohnern in Schweden gegeben. Die Häufigkeit der cerebralen Kinderlähmung betrug hier 2,1 pro 1000 Kinder im Alter von 2–11 Jah‐ren. In zwei Drittel der Fälle fand man Prämaturität, Krankheit der Mutter während der Schwangerschaft oder einen anormalen Geburtsverlauf. Geistige Defekte, einem I.Q. <70 entsprechend, traten in 57 % der Fälle auf, und Geistesschwäche (I.Q. <50) in 38 % der Fälle.

La incidencia de parálisis cerebral.

Se discuten los métodos de estimación de la incidencia de parálisis cerebral en una población. Se relata un estudio de la ocurrencia de parálisis cerebral en un grupo de personas cuyas edades abarcaban un periodo de 10 años, en una población de 265.000 individuos, en Suecia. La incidencia de parálisis cerebral fué de 2,1 por 1000 niños en las edades de 2 a 11 años. En dos tercios de los casos se encontraron prematurez, enfermedad de la madre durante la gravidez o una historia obstétrica anormal. De‐fectos mentales correspondiendo a I.Q. 70 se encontraron en 57 % y una mentalidad de bajo grado I.Q. 50 se encontre en 38 % de los casos.
Schnelle Realimentation bei schwerer Dyspepsie und Toxicose im Säuglingsalter
Authors: JADRNÍČEK M. , MORES A.
Published: January 2008

Schnelle Realimentation wurde 2 Jahre lang bei 120 Säuglingen mit alimentären Intoxikationen und schweren Dyspepsien vorgenommen. Unmittelbar nach der Rehydratation erhielten Kinder im Alter unter 3 Monaten und Atrophiker 1/1 trockene Buttermilch oder Allaitement mixte, Kinder über 3 Monaten 2/3 Trockenvollmich oder saure Trockenvollmilch, event, ältere Kinder gleich eine voile Säuglingskost. Regelung der Stühle sowie Trinklust wurden früher erzielt und die Behandlungszeit war kürzer als bei der langsam realimentierten Vergleichsgruppe, bei gleicher durchschnittlicher Gewichtszunahme. Schnelle Realimentation ergab keine grössere Anzahl Rückfälle. Soweit sie sich einstellten, muss als ihre Ursache die noch nicht über‐wundene ursprüngliche Infektion, keinesfalls aber die Art der Realimentation angesehen werden. Der Erfolg der schnellen Realimentation ist aufs engste verknüpft mit einer vollkommenen Rehydratation, Detoxikation und mit dem Erhalten einer positiven Wasserbilanz durch Verabreichen kleiner Infusionen, soweit die Essunlust andauert. Die Resultate beweisen, dass eine schnelle Realimentation dem Genesungs‐vorgang der Durchfallerkrankung keinen Schaden zufügt. Die günstigeren Ergebnisse geben ihr den Vorrang vor der langsamen Realimentation. Ihr vorteil liegt darin, dass besonders bei andauernder Appetitlosigkeit das Kind keinem überflüssigen Hungern und keiner Dystrophisierung ausgesetzt wird.

Rapid Realimentation in Infants suffering from Severe Diarrhea and Toxicosis.

Study on 120 infants. Immediately after rehydration, infants below 3 months of age received evaporated buttermilk or mixed feeding; infants over 3 months of age, evaporated fullmilk or dried acid whole milk. The stools were more rapidly normalized, the anorexia improved and the period of treatment shorter than in a control group given gradual realimentation. There were no harmful effects from the rapid alimentation.

Réalimentation précoce chez des enfants souffrants de diarrhés graves et de toxicoses.

120 enfants ont été examinés. Immédiatement après la hydratation, les enfants âgés de moins de 3 mois ont reçu du babeurre évaporé ou allaitement mixte. Les enfants ayant plus de 3 mois ont reçu du lait évaporé ou du lait acid. Les selles étaient normalisées, l'appétit amélioré plus rapidement et la période de traitement était plus courte que dans le groupe de contrôle recevant réalimentation graduelle. Il n'y a eu aucun accident causé par l'alimentation rapide.

Realimentación rápida después de diarreas severas y toxicosis.

Se estudiaron 120 miños. Inmediatamente a la hidratación, los menores de tres años recibieron babeurre evaporado, los mayores de esa edad, leche completa o leche acidificada evaporada. Las deposiciones se normalizaron, la anorexia cedió mas rápidamente y el período de tratamiento fué mas corto que en el grupo control, al cual se realimentó gradualmente. No hubo accidentes imputables a la realimentación rápida.
Milk Drip via an Indwelling Naso‐Gastric Rubber Tube for Feeding Premature Infants
Authors: HOLMDAHL KURT
Published: January 2008

A modification of naso‐gastric feeding of prematures and other infants utilizing an indwelling rubber catheter, and nutrient administration by continuous drip is presented. Successful use of this technique has been demonstrated in 72 premature infants. This method is more advantageous than previous feeding techniques because the frequency of vomiting is decreased, the infant is disturbed less and may be fed without removal from an incubator, the administration of nutrient may be given by less skilled assistants in less time, irritation to the mucous membranes is minimal, greater quantities of nutrient may be given during a 24‐hour period, and statistical comparison with previous techniques suggests that more infants weighing less than 1,500 g have survived. A review of the literature is presented.

Introduction d'un tube naso‐gastrique en caoutchouc pour l'alimentation de nourrissons prématwrés.

Les aliments ont été donnés en goutte à goutte lent par une sonde à demeure en caoutchouc (Nélaton N° 6) pendant une longue période. Cette méthode a été employée depuis 1952 par routine chaque fois que l'alimentation par sonde était nécessaire. On en a fait visage chez 72 nourrissons prématurés pendant un total de 1500 journées d'alimentation à la sonde. Certains enfants ont été alimentés à la sonde jusqu'à l'âge de 2–3 mois. Grâce à sa mollesse, son élasticité et sa résistance pendant la stérilisation le caoutchouc est pour cet usage supérieur au polyethylene.

Naso‐gustriseher Dauer‐Gummikatheter zur Ernährung prämaturer Säuglinge.

Die Nahrung wurde durch einen Gummikatheter (Nelaton Nr. 6) in Form langsamen Dauertropfs während einer langen Periode zugeführt. Die Methode wurde seit 1952 routinemässig durchgeführt, sobald Sondenernährung benötigt wurde. Sie wurde bei 72 prämaturen Säuglingen während einer totalen Anzahl von 1500 Sondentagen angewandt. Einige Kinder wurden bis zu einem Alter von 2–3 Monaten mit Hilfe der Sonde gefüttert. Mit Hinblick auf seine Weichheit, Elastizität und Widerstandskraft in Bezug auf Sterilisierung ist Gummi dem Polyaethylen für diese Anwendung überlegen.

Sonda naso‐gástrica permanente de caucho para alimentación del premuturo.

Los alimentos han sido administrados por medio de un catéter de caucho (Nelaton N. 7) en forma de perfusión continua durante largos períodos. Este ha sido el método de rutina desde 1952 cada vez que un prematuro ha requerido alimentación por sonda. Ha sido empleado en 72 niños con un total de 1.500 días ‐sonda. En algunos casos se usé este método hasta la edad de 2–3 meses. El tubo de caucho ha demostrado ser superior al de polyethylene por su elasticidad, blandura y resistencia a la esterilización.
Protein Hydrolysis in the Stomachs of Premature and Full‐term Infants
Authors: BERFENSTAM RAGNAR , JAGENBURG RUDOLF , MELLANDER OLOF
Published: January 2008

The proteins of human milk are subject to a very slight hydrolysis in the stomach of babies, both premature and full‐term. Cow's milk proteins are hydrolysed to a much higher degree, and this is independent of the maturity of the infant.

Hydrolyse des protéines dans l'estomac des prématurés et des nouveaux‐nés a terme.

Les protéines du lait humain ne sont sujettes qu'à une hydrolyse très discrète dans l'estomac des prématurés, et des nouveaux‐nés. Les protéines du lait de vache sont nettement mieux hydrolysée, et ceci est indépendant du degré de maturité de l'organisme de l'enfant.

Eiweisshydrolyse im Magen frühgeborener und ausgetragener Säuglinge.

Die Eiweissstoffe der menschlichen Milch unterliegen im Magen frühgeborener und ausgetragener Säuglinge einer sehr leichten Hydrolyse. Kuhmilcheiweiss wird in viel grösserem Ausmass hydrolysiert; auch diese Hydrolyse ist unabhängig von der Reife des Säuglings.

Hidrólisis de proteínas en el estómago del prematuro y del niño de término.

Las proteínas de la leche humana sufren una pequeña hidròlisis tanto en el estomago del prematuro como del niño de término. Las proteínas de la leche de vaca son hidrolizadas en grado mas alto, siendo esta independiente del grado de madurez del niño.
Kwashiorkor and Malnutrition
Authors: TROWELL H. C. , DAVIES J. N. P. , DEAN R. F. A.
Published: January 2008

The term malnutrition, as it is used in English, is not sufficiently specific, in our opinion, to be used for the disease we prefer to call “kwashiorkor”.

Kwashiorkor et « malnutrition ».

Il semble aux auteurs que le terme de « malnutrition », utilisé dans la langue anglaise, ne soit pas suffisamment spécifique de la maladie, et ils préfèrent utiliser celui de Kwashiorkor.

Kwashiorkor und Fehlernährung.

Der Ausdruck Fehlernährung, wie er im englischen Sprachbereich gebraucht wird, ist nicht hinreichend spezifisch, um — nach der Meinung des Autors — für die besser «Kwashiorkor» zu nennende Krankheit gebraucht zu werden.

Kwashiorkor y malnutritión.

El término “malnutrition” tal cual se usa en inglés, no es suficientemente específico, en la opinión de los autores, para aplicarlo a la enfermedad que ellos prefieren llamar Kwashiorkor.
Studies on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: RAFSTEDT STURE
Published: January 2008

In an investigation of the serum lipoproteins in infancy and childhood, in which attention was also directed to the total lipids, total and free cholesterol and phospholipids, and in which use was made of micromethods permitting the performance of all these analyses on 0·6 ml serum and thus even on newborn premature infants, the following observations of interest were made.
Implications of Agenesis of the Spleen on the Pathogenesis of Conotruncus Anomalies in Childhood
Authors: IVEMARK BIÖRN
Published: January 2008

Six embryos measuring 9–12 mm in greatest length have been shown by the writer to contain early splenic primordia in the left aspect of the dorsal mesogastrium. Their ovulation age is estimated to be 31–36 days. Temporal relations of splenic formation to conotruncus septation and division of the A‐V canal have been discussed. This last is divided before septation of the conotruncus is completed. The author has shown that early splenic primordia exist at the time of fusion of the A‐V canal cushions. At the same time there is initiation of pulmonary lobation, and there is a primitive gut mesentery.
Lymphosarcoma in an Infant, with Unusual Cutaneous Manifestations
Authors: MITCHELL FRED N. , CABANISS W. HARVEY
Published: January 2008

A case of lymphosarcoma showing extensive cutaneous involvement in a nine month old female is described. The ephemeral character of the skin tumors in this case was notable.

Description d'un cas de lymphosarcome, chez un enfant de sexe féminin, agé de neuf mois, avec développement cutané important. Dans ce cas, le fait remarquable est que les tumeurs cutanées n'ont eu qu'un caractère éphémère.
Transient Hemoglobinemia Associated with Hemoglobinuria and Methemalbuminemia in the Neonatal Period
Authors: ESCARDÓ F. E. , KARLBERG P. , STEMPFEL R. , ZETTERSTRÖM R.
Published: January 2008

The clinical findings in a newborn infant who developed idiopathic transient hemoglobinemia associated with hemoglobinuria and intense methemalbuminemia are described.

Marked skin pigmentation was present which was thought to be secondary to methem‐albumin accumulation. This pigment appeared in the cerebrospinal fluid but was not excreted in the urine. The possible role of methemalbumin in the production of intracranial hypertension is discussed.

Serum pigments were investigated by means of paper electrophoresis and spectrophotometry in addition to quantitative estimations of methemalbumin and free hemoglobin in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

The slow rate of disappearance of methemalbumin from the plasma suggests that a diminished capacity to metabolize this pigment exists in the neonatal period.

Les auteurs rapportent l'histoire clinique d'un nouveau‐né présentant une hémoglobinurie passagère associée à une hémoglobinémie et une ≪méthémalbuminémie≫ sévère. L'accumulation de ≪méthémalbumine≫, sa lente élimination du sérum, ont été atribuées à une capacité défectueuse de son métabolisme au cours de la période néo‐natale. Le pigment s'est montré capable de diffuser dans le liquide céphalo rachidien, mais pas d'ètre éliminé par l'urine. La peau a pris une teinte marronbronzée, qui a disparu quand le niveau sanguin de ≪méthémalbumine≫ a diminué. L'episode d'hypertension intracranienne avec hyperproduction de LCR a été attribuéà un effet toxique de la part de la ≪méthémalbumine≫ Les pigments sanguins ont été investigués par l'électrophorèse en papier et la spoctrophotométrie. Des determinations quantitatives ont été faites dans le LCR et le sérum pour mesurer la ≪méthémalbuminémie≫ et l'hémoglobine.

Es werden die klinischen Befunde eines Neugeborenen besprochen, das an idiopathischer vorübergehender Hämoglobinämie mit Hämoglobinurie und intensiver Methämalbuminurie litt. Es waren ausgeprägte Hautpigmentationen, vermutlich als sekundäre Folge der Methämalbuminanhäufung, vorhanden. Dieses Pigment erschien in der Cerebrospinalflüssigkeit, wurde aber nicht mit dem Urin ausgeschieden. Die Rolle, die das Methämalbumin möglicherweise bei der Produktion eines intracranialen Überdruckes spielt, wird besprochen. Die Serumpigmente wurden mit Hilfe von Elektrophorese und Spektrophotometrie in Verbindung mit quantitativen Bestimmungen des Methämalbumins und des freien Hämoglobins im Serum und der Cerebrospinalflüssigkeit bestimmt. Das langsame Verschwinden von Methämalbumin aus dem Plasma lässt vermuten, dass in der Neugeburtsperiode eine herabgesetzte Fähigkeit zum Abbau dieses Pigmentes besteht.
Glycogen Storage Disease of the Liver Report of an Atypical Case with Studies of the Glycogen Structure and the Glucose‐6‐phosphatase Activity of the Liver
Authors: ZETTERSTRÖM ROLF , SÖRBO BO
Published: January 2008

The course and clinical features in a 12 year old boy with a glycogen storage disease of the liver with some atypical findings have been described. No significant hypoglycemia was present and the response to adrenalin was normal. The liver glycogen structure was found to be normal and the glucose‐6‐phosphatase activity was only slightly decreased. The significance of these findings has been discussed and it is concluded that other types of hepatic glycogenosis exist beside those caused by a glucose‐6‐phosphatase deficiency or the formation of abnormal glycogens.

Les aspects cliniques et l'évolution chez un garçon de 12 ans d'une glycogénose du foie présentant quelques traits inhabituels sont décrits. II n'existait pas d'hypo glycémie et la réponse à l'adrénaline était normale; la structure du glycogène hépatique était non modifiée, et l'activité de la glucose‐6‐phosphatase légèrement diminuée. La valeur de ces constatations est discutée. La conclusion est qu'á côté des glyco génoses par insuffisance de la glucose‐6‐phosphatase ou par formation d'un glycogène anormal, il est certainement d'autres types.
Experimental Approach to the Pathogenesis of Retrolental Fibroplasia VI. The Influence of the Oxygen Concentration on the Oxygen‐Induced Changes in the Mouse Eye
Authors: HELLSTRÖM BO E.
Published: January 2008

1 The influence of the oxygen concentration on the oxygen‐induced changes of the eyes was studied in 214 newborn mice.

2 A concentration of 30 per cent did not cause any histologically detectable changes. At 40 per cent an injury of the eyes could be demonstrated in relatively few cases. This occurred following both short and long exposures, covering both vasoobliterative and vasoproliferative phase of the oxygen effect. In addition an initial delay in the formation of the deep capillary net of the retina was to be found in all cases.

3 From 50 per cent and above, the incidence of eye injury rapidly increases, and the margin of safety thus seems to be narrow.

4 The significance of these findings with regard to retrolental fibroplasia in premature infants is discussed.

L'influence de la concentration d'oxygène sur les modifications provoquées par l'oxygène sur l'œil a étéétudiée sur 214 souris venant de naître. Une concentration de 30% ne provoque aucune modification histologique décelable. A 40%, une atteinte oculaire est démontrable dans quelques cas seulement. Cette modification suit aussi bien les séjours longs ou courts en atmosphère oxygénée, l'effet néfaste étant aussi bien une vasooblitération qu'une vasoprolifération. En outre, un retard dans l'apparition du réseau capillaire profond de la rétine est observé dans tous les cas. A un taux égal ou supérieur à 50%, la fréquence de l'atteinte oculaire s'accroit rapidement, et la marge de sécurité semble bien mince lorsqu'on atteint ces chiffres. La signification de ces résultats par rapport à la fibroplasie rétrolentale du prématuré est discutée.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of the Initial Electroencephalogram in Children with Convulsions1
Authors: AASS F. , KAADA B. R. , TORP K. H.
Published: January 2008

1) Information about the prognostic value of a single electroencephalogram (EEG) obtained in connection with the first convulsive seizure in infants and children has been obtained from a follow‐up study of 182 patients. A single standard EEG, considered by itself, is of unestimable prognostic assistance. An abnormal EEG greatly increases the likelihood that recurrent convulsions will develop.

2) Seizures recurred twice as frequently in children who had their first convulsion after their fourth year as in those who had their first attack before that age.

3) A history of fever during the initial convulsive seizure is of limited value in assessing the prognosis.

Les données concernant la valeur pronostique d'un simple électroencéphalogramme (EEG), enregistré au cours de la première attaque convulsive, chez des nourrissons ou des enfants, ont été l'objet d'une étude suivie chez 182 malades. Le simple enregistrement EEG standard s'est montré d'un secours inestimable pour le pronostic ultérieur. Ainsi, un tracé EEG anormal augmente sensiblement la probabilité de nouvelles crises convulsives.

Les crises se sont renouvelées deux fois plus souvent chez les enfants dont le paroxysme initial était survenu après l'âge de 4 ans, que chez ceux dont l'âge lors du premier symptôme était en dessous de ce chiffre.

L'existence de fièvre, lors du premier épisode convulsif semble un signe de bien peu de valeur dans la détermination du pronostic lointain.
Pneumonia in Children Treatment with one Single Injection of Procaine Penicillin Compared with Continuous Treatment1
Authors: JERSILD TORBEN , MELCHIOR JOHS. , BOESEN IB , BUCH HOLGER , NIELSEN SV. E. , WAMBERG ERIK
Published: January 2008

Five hundred and seventy‐one children, admitted with pneumonia over a two‐year period to five children's departments in Copenhagen, were treated alternatively with one single injection of procaine penicillin or with continuous dosage for five days. Two hundred and forty‐eight received one single dose and 323 continuous treatment. The results of the two treatments are the same; howeverver, the patients treated with one single injection attained a quicker temperature fall than the patients treated with continuous dosage.

571 enfants avee pneumonie qui étaient entrés pendant une période de deux ans dans einq différents services pour enfants à Copenhague ont été traités alternativement avec une seule injection de pénicilline‐procaine ou avec des dosos continues pendant einq jours. 248 recevaient une seule dose et 323 un traitement continu. Les resultats des deux traitements sont les mêmes; les patients qui recevaient une seule injection montraient pourtant une régression de température plus rapide que ceux avee traitement continu.
Acute Hepatitis with Fatal Outcome in a Two‐year‐old Child
Authors: NIELSEN SVEND ERIK
Published: January 2008

In connection with acute hepatitis a two‐year‐old boy developed insufficiency of the liver ending in hepatic coma and death.

Par suite d'une hépatite aiguë, un enfant de deux ans développa une grave insuffisance du foie, qui entraína la mort dans un tableau de coma hépatique.
Anemia Hypoplastica Congenita Treated with Cortisone Correction of the Anemia with Cortisone Treatment during 4 Years
Authors: SUNDAL ALFRED
Published: January 2008

The author describes and discusses two cases of congenital bypoplastic anemia giving promt response on cortisone treatment.

L'auteur décrit et discute deux cas d'anémie hypoplastique congénitale, dans lesquels un traitement par la cortisone amena une modification rapide.
Treatment of Nephrosis with ACTH and Cortisone
Authors: TUDVAD FOLKE
Published: January 2008

Among eleven children who were treated with ACTH or cortisone or with both drugs (a total of five ACTH courses and seventeen cortisone courses), one was cured (the period of observation covers more than three years); five children were in remission with loss of edema and diminished albuminuria. Five children failed to respond to the treatment. In one patient treated with cortisone convulsions occurred.

Onze enfants néphrotiques furent traités par l'ACTH ou la Cortisone ou par l'assoeiation des deux médicaments (au total 5 administrations d'ACTH et 17 de Cortisone). Les résultats furent. les suivants: Une guérison (la durée pendant laquelle le malade a été suivi est supérieure à 3 ans); cinq rémissions se traduisant par l'absence d'œdèmes et une diminution de l'albuminurie; cinq échecs du traiternent. Chez un malade traité par la Cortisone, on a pu noter la survenue de convulsions.
Congenital Dysplasia of the Hip Joint in Newborn Infants (Luxatio et Subluxatio Coxae Congenita)
Authors: WALTHER THEODOR
Published: January 2008

Based on the clinical examination of the hip joints of 8260 newborn babies the author discusses the diagnosis of the congenital dysplasia of the hip joint. He stresses the importance of Ortolani's sign. He discovered 13 cases, 12 girls and l boy. He prefers the treatment in Frejka's splint for 5–7 months.

L'expérience de l'auteur basée sur l'examen clinique de la hanche chez 8260 nou‐veaux‐nés, lui permet de discuter le diagnostic de dysplasie congénitale de la hanche. II attire l'attention sur l'importance du signe d'Ortolani. II a pu ainsi découvrir 13 cas (12 filles, l garçon). II préfère le traitement par la mise en position de Frejka durant 5 à 7 mois.
Recurrent (Allergic?) Swelling of the Parotid Gland
Authors: WILKEN‐JENSEN KNUD
Published: January 2008

The litarature is shortly discussed and the symptomatology of recurrent swelling of the parotid gland is related. The problem of pathogenesis is simultaneously discussed especially with regard to allergy. Two cases are reported.

La symptomatologie de l'hypertrophie récidivante de la parotide est rappelée, et une rapide revue de la littérature est discutée. Le problème de la pathogénie de l'affection est envisagé, notamment ses rapports avec des phénomènes allergiques. Deux eas en sont rapportés.
Urinary Excretion of Amino‐Acids and Sugar in the Nephrotic Syndrome A Chromatographic Study
Authors: WOOLF L. I. , GILES H. McC.
Published: January 2008

The urines of 29 children with the nephrotic syndrome were investigated for aminoacids and sugars by paper chromatography. Amino‐aciduria was found in 25 patients and glycosuria in 16 patients.

Amino‐aciduria occurred predominantly in two patterns, one strongly suggesting a defect in renal tubular reabsorption, the other possibly reflecting a disturbance in amino‐acid metabolism associated with a lesser defect in tubular reabsorption; the prognosis was worse for children showing the first pattern.

L'élimination urinaire des aminoacides et des sucres a étéétudiée chez 29 enfants néphrotiques par chromatographie sur papier. Une aminoacidurie était trouvée chez 25 males, et une glycosurie était notée 16 fois. L'aminoacidurie survenait principalement chez deux malades. L'un de ces cas présentait un trouble du métabolisme des acides aminés associéà un degré minime de la réabsorption tubulaire. Le pronostic semblait plus mauvais dans les cas dont l'aspect paraissait traduire un déficit de la réabsorption tubulaire.
Determination of the Functional Residual Capacity in Newborn Infants Preliminary Report
Authors: BERGLUND GUNILLA , KARLBERG PETTER
Published: January 2008

A method for determining the functional residual capacity in newborn infants is described. Preliminary results show that the newborns have relatively about 2½ times lower values than adults.

Description d'une méthode de mesure de la capacité résiduelle fonctionnelle. Les premiers résultats indiquent que les chiffres obtenus chez les nouveaux‐né sont environ 2 ½ fois plus faibles que ceux de l'adulte.
Incidence and Significance of Heart Murmurs in Newborn Infants
Authors: GYLLENSWARD AKE
Published: January 2008

After a short review of the literature concerning murmurs during the neonatal period the author presents his own material of 11,645 consecutive newborn children of which 58 (0.5 per cent)‐had murmurs (all systolic) when newborn. In 28 cases the murmur disappeared during the first year of life, in 27 of them before the age of three months. Of the others, 27 had congenital heart disease and 3 functional murmurs. Sixteen of the 27 infants with heart disease died during the first two years of life, and all of them also had other signs of heart disease. The author concludes that if the mothers of the newborn infants with murmurs but without other signs of heart disease are to be informed about the murmur, all possible optimism should be brought into the discussion.

Fréquence et signification des souffles cardiaques chez le nouveau‐né.

Parmi 11645 nouveaux‐nés examinés, 58 présentaient des souffles systoliques dès la naissance. Dans 28 cas, le souffle a disparu au cours de la première année, et même 27 fois avant trois mois. Chez les autres enfants, on a noté 27 cardiopathies congénitales, et trois souffles dits fonctionnels. Des 27 enfants porteurs de cardiopathies, 16 sont morts au cours des deux premieres années. Tous avaient d'autres signes de leur affection cardiaque. L'auteur conclut que s'il est nécessaire d'informer la mère de l'existence d'un souffle chez son enfant, l'absence d'autres signes de cardiopathie doit tempérer cet avertissement du plus grand optimisme.

Das Vorkommen und die Bedeutung von Herzgeräuschen bei Neugeborenen.

Von 11645 fortlaufend geborenen Kindern hatten 58 (0.5 %) als Neugeborene systolische Geräusche. In 28 Fällen verschwand das Geräusch während des ersten Lebens‐jahres, in 27 von ihnen vor dem Alter von drei Monaten. Von den anderen hatten 27 angeborene Herzfehler und 3 funktionelle Herzgeräusche. 16 von den 27 Kindern mit Herzfehlern starben während der ersten beiden Lebensjahren und alle von ihnen hatten weitere Zeichen eines Herzfehlers. Der Autor kommt zu der Schlussfolgerung, dass, wenn die Mütter der Neugeborenen mit Geräuschen, aber ohne zusätzliche Zeichen eines Herzfehlers, über das Geräusch informiert werden, dies mit möglichst optimisti‐scher Einstellung geschehen sollte.

Incidencia y significación de soplos cardiacos en el recién nacido.

De una serie de 11645 recien nacidos consecutivos, 58 (0.5%) presentaron soplos sis‐tólicos en el périodo neonatal. En 28 casos el soplo desapareció durante el primer año; en 27 de ellos antes de los 3 meses. Del grupo restante, 27 mostraron tener cardiopatía congénita y 3 soplos funcionales. 16 del grupo con cardiopatía congénita murieron durante los primeros dos años de vida, todos ellos presentaban otros signos concomi‐tantes de su afeceión. El autor concluye que si las madres de recién nacidos con soplos pero sin otros signos de afeceión cardíaca deben ser informadas sobre la significación del soplo, debe mostrarse gran optimismo en la discusión.
On the Effectiveness of Our Pancreatic Enzyme Preparations A Study of Fat and Protein Absorption and of the Total Amount of Faeces
Authors: JENSEN S. BORTJP , SCHNEIDELBACH M.
Published: January 2008

The effectivity of various pancreatic enzyme preparations was tested on a boy, aged 2 3/4 years, with congenital cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. These preparations were Pancreatin RMC, Pancreon tablets (Rhenania), and Zymopan tablets (MCO). During periods with no treatment the absorption of fat and protein was 52–64 % and 40–49 % respectively, and the stools were trypsin negative. During treatment with Pancreatin RMC the fat and protein absorption was 80–86 % and 71–86 % respectively, and the stools were trypsin positive. During treatment with Pancreon the fat and protein absorption was 70–84 % and 64–74 % respectively, and the stools were trypsin positive. During treatment with Zymopan the corresponding values were 60–65 % and 49–63 %, and the stools were trypsin negative.

Sur l'activité de nos préparations d'enzymes pancréatiques.

Comparaison entre trois préparations d'enzymes pancréatiques: l'étude montre que la Pancréatine RMC est une préparation extrêmement active pour le traitement de la fibrose pancréatique de l'enfant. Le Pancréon a un effet certain, mais un peu moins marqué, tandis que le Zymopan est pratiquement inactif, comme Fa aussi prouvé l'étude de Bastrup‐Madsen et Mortensen.

Über die Wirksamkeit unserer Pancreasenzympräparate.

Drei Pancreasfermentpräparate sind verglichen worden. Es wurde gezeigt, dass Pancreatin RMC ein hochst wirksames Präparat in der Behandlung von Pancreasfibrose bei Kindern ist. Pancreon hat einen guten, aber einen etwas weniger deutlichen Effekt, während Zymopan praktiseh unwirksam ist, wie auch durch die Untersuchung von Bastrup‐Madsen und Mortensen gezeigt wurde.

Sobre la efectividad de nuestros preparados de enzima pancreática.

Tres preparados de enzima pancreática fueron comparados. El pancreatín RMC es de gran efectividad en el tratamiento de la fibrosis pancreática en la infancia. El Pancreon tiene un buen efecto aunque menor que el anterior mientras el Zymopan es prac‐ticamente inefectivo, dato corroborado por los estudios de Bastrup‐Madsen y Mortensen.