bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Do They Leave and Where Do They Go? A Qualitative Study of Illinois School-Based Agriculture Teachers Who Left The Profession
Authors: Solomonson Jay K. , Thieman Erica B. , Korte Debra S. , Retallick Michael S.
Published: December 2019

Approximately half of a million educators move or leave the profession each year with an estimated 41% of all educators exiting within the first five years. Additionally, agriculture teacher preparation programs are not producing enough graduates to meet current demands with 1,476 agricultural teacher vacancies existing in 2016 and only 772 individuals completing an approved teacher preparation program to become fully licensed. While the lack of young people entering the teaching profession is concerning, researchers have suggested teacher attrition is the predominant reason behind the ongoing teacher shortage. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify factors influencing former agriculture teachers’ decision to leave the classroom. Themes developed that stem from unrealized expectations for one’s career and the belief that being an excellent agriculture teacher is incompatible with a satisfying personal life. A final theme indicated the need for additional support alongside a philosophical shift in the profession that dictates “more is not always better.” Recommendations are made for further research along with ideological and practical shifts needed within the profession to improve teacher retention.
Using Inquiry to Develop Agricultural Education Preservice Teachers' Disciplinary Literacy Pedagogy
Authors: Lemley Stephanie M. , Hart Steven M.
Published: December 2019

In this study, we examined using a Disciplinary Literacy Project (DLP) to develop secondary agricultural education preservice teachers’ disciplinary literacy perspectives and practices. Our findings revealed that the three preservice teachers developed a deeper understanding of agricultural literacies and applied this knowledge in different ways to scaffold students’ engagement with discipline- specific practices. Implications include that disciplinary literacy inquiry projects can strengthen beginning teachers’ understanding of discipline-specific literacy practices and habits of thinking and encourage teachers to scaffold their students in authentic disciplinary practices.
Deterrents to Service-Learning's use as a Method of Instruction in the Preparation of Agricultural Education Teachers: The Beliefs and Intentions of Teacher Educators
Authors: Roberts Richie , Edwards M. Craig , Robinson J. Shane
Published: December 2019

Service-learning (SL) appears to have influenced school-based, agricultural education (SBAE) since its early inception. And current trends suggest the method may be gaining increased interest in the discipline. However, little is known about the role that agricultural education teacher educators’ beliefs and intentions play in deterring SL’s use as a method of instruction in the preparation of agricultural education teachers. This study’s purpose, therefore, was to understand teacher educators’ normative and control beliefs as well as their intentions regarding SL as a method of instruction. Participants reported that barriers existed at the classroom level, which influenced their intentions. SL teaching experience was also found to have a negative and statistically significant (p < .01) relationship with agricultural education teacher educators’ beliefs about the challenges they associated with using the method. It is recommended that future research explore diffusion methods that could stimulate more widespread adoption of SL by teacher educators of agricultural education.
Understanding How Students' Beliefs Influence Their Expectancy to Possess Effective Writing Skills in the Future
Authors: Ruth Taylor K. , Emmert Jason L.
Published: December 2019

In order to address complex challenges of the 21st century, colleges of agriculture have to produce career ready graduates. Despite industry professionals consistently identifying writing as an essential skill for perspective employees, they have identified a lack of writing skills amongst college graduates. To help prepare the future workforce, there is a need to understand what influences college of agriculture students to believe they will be successful at writing in the future. This study used a conceptual framework that consisted of expectancy value theory (EVT), self-efficacy theory, and writing apprehension. An online survey was distributed to freshman in the College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and was completed by 368 respondents. Students neither agreed nor disagreed that writing offered them intrinsic value or caused writing apprehension, but they did agree it provided utility and attainment value. Additionally, students agreed they possessed self-efficacy and would be successful at writing in the future. Increased utility value, attainment value, intrinsic value, and self-efficacy led to increased expectancy to succeed at writing while increased writing apprehension decreased expectation for success. Agricultural educators and communicators should consider these findings when teaching writing skills.
Neuroparenting: tussen apocalyps en utopie
Authors: Snoek Anke , Horstkötter Dorothee
Published: December 2019

Neuroparenting: Between apocalypse and utopia

Neuroscience increasingly invades all domains of our lives, including the intimate realm of child raising and parenting. The current trend of neuroparenting, that is parenting advice based on neuroscientific research, fits this development. This article analyses this development from an ethical point of view. We will outline the current developments in the domain of neuroparenting with a special focus on the so-called ‘baby brain’ and ‘adolescent brain’. To discuss corresponding promises and perils, we do not only provide an overview of current studies developing ethical arguments, but we will also present several blind spots in that debate. We will conclude with some advice on how to integrate neuroscience findings in parenting practice in the most ethical way and point out limits that ought to be respected.
Onderwijs in het post-truth tijdperk
Authors: Lambrechts Wim
Published: December 2019

Education in the post-truth era: Reflections on the role of learning in sustainability and democracy

This paper revisits the field of (Higher) Education for Sustainable Development in a post-truth era. It reflects on the current debate regarding the role of education in sustainability from a Deweyan perspective. This approach leads towards a renewed interpretation of individual sustainability competences in societal context influenced by post-truth characteristics and super wicked problems. The Deweyan perspective with focus on personal flourishing and the role of education in democracy, provides guiding principles to frame individual sustainability competences in the current post-truth context, thereby highlighting the importance of critical inquiry. The paper recommends to revisit the connection between education and sustainability from a personal and societal perspective, thereby taking into account the current context of higher education, influenced by neoliberalism, economic efficiency and managerialism.
‘De overlevenden zullen de doden benijden’1
Authors: Duurland Tom
Published: December 2019

‘The living will envy the dead’: Medical responsibility in the face of a nuclear apocalypse, 1960-1989

During the 1980s, the heightening of tensions between nato and the Eastern Bloc motivated thousands of physicians to voice concerns about the medical consequences of a nuclear war. It seemed certain that such a conflict, extending to the major civilian centers and industrial areas of the protagonists, would see millions of casualties engulfing the health care systems. These gloomy predictions were coupled with the prevalent idea that nuclear war is immoral and physicians have a special responsibility to prevent it. Although contested by a majority of physicians, the medical movement against nuclear weapons found more support than ever before. In the Netherlands this is explained by (1) the intensity of the public debate, (2) the medicalization of the subject and (3) the compulsory registration of all physicians for Civil Defense plans. These factors motivated one third of all Dutch physicians to openly refuse cooperation with Civil Defense authorities. The article concludes that fear of an uncontrollable disaster put an emphasis on the ethics of consequentialism. This encouraged physicians to take political action and stress the importance of social responsibility in medicine.
Spatiotemporal variation of aerosol and potential long-range transport impact over the Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Zhu Jun , Xia Xiangao , Che Huizheng , Wang Jun , Cong Zhiyuan , Zhao Tianliang , Kang Shichang , Zhang Xuelei , Yu Xingna , Zhang Yanlin
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The long-term temporal–spatial variations in the aerosol optical properties
over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the potential long-range transport from
surrounding areas to the TP were analyzed in this work, by using multiple years
of sun photometer measurements (CE318) at five stations in the TP, satellite
aerosol products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), back-trajectory analysis from the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) and model simulations from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem chemistry transport model. The results from the ground-based observations showed that the annual aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 440 nm at most TP sites increased in recent decades with trends of 0.001±0.003 yr−1 at Lhasa, 0.013±0.003 yr−1 at Mt_WLG, 0.002±0.002 yr−1 at NAM_CO and 0.000±0.002 yr−1 at QOMS_CAS. The increasing trend was also found for the aerosol extinction Ångström exponent (EAE) at most sites with the exception of the Mt_WLG site. Spatially, the AOD at 550 nm observed from MODIS showed negative trends at the northwest
edge close to the Taklimakan Desert and to the east of the Qaidam Basin and
slightly positive trends in most of the other areas of the TP. Different
aerosol types and sources contributed to a polluted day (with CE318 AOD at
440 nm > 0.4) at the five sites on the TP: dust was the dominant
aerosol type in Lhasa, Mt_WLG and Muztagh with sources in the Taklimakan Desert, but fine-aerosol pollution was dominant at NAM_CO and QOMS_CAS with transport from South Asia. A case of aerosol pollution at Lhasa, NAM_CO and QOMS_CAS during 28 April–3 May 2016 revealed that the
smoke aerosols from South Asia were lifted up to 10 km and transported to
the TP, while the dust from the Taklimakan Desert could climb the north
slope of the TP and then be transported to the central TP. The long-range
transport of aerosol thereby seriously impacted the aerosol loading over the TP.
The value of remote marine aerosol measurements for constraining radiative forcing uncertainty
Authors: Regayre Leighton A. , Schmale Julia , Johnson Jill S. , Tatzelt Christian , Baccarini Andrea , Henning Silvia , Yoshioka Masaru , Stratmann Frank , Gysel-Beer Martin , Carslaw Ken S.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Aerosol measurements over the Southern Ocean are used to constrain aerosol-cloud interaction radiative forcing uncertainty in a global climate model. Aerosol forcing uncertainty is quantified using one million climate model variants that sample the uncertainty in nearly 30 model parameters. Ship-based measurements of cloud condensation nuclei, particle number concentrations and sulfate mass concentrations from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition: Study of Preindustrial-like Aerosols and Their Climate Effects (ACE-SPACE) are used to identify observationally implausible variants and thereby reduce the spread in the simulated forcing. Southern Ocean measurements strongly constrain natural aerosol emissions: default sea spray emissions in the model need to be increased by around a factor of 3 to be consistent with measurements. Aerosol forcing uncertainty is reduced by around 7 % using these measurements, which is comparable to the 8 % reduction achieved using an extensive set of over 9000 predominantly Northern Hemisphere measurements. The radiative forcing due to aerosol–cloud interactions (RFaci) is constrained to −2.61 to −1.10 W m−2 (95 % confidence) and the effective radiative forcing from aerosol-cloud interactions (ERFaci) is constrained to −2.43 to −0.54 W m−2. When Southern Ocean and Northern Hemisphere measurements are combined, the uncertainty in RFaci is reduced by 21 % and the strongest 20 % of forcing values are ruled out as implausible. In this combined constraint the observationally plausible RFaci is around 0.17 W m−2 weaker (less negative) with credible values ranging from −2.51 to −1.17 W m−2 and from −2.18 to −1.46 W m−2 when using one standard deviation to quantify the uncertainty. The Southern Ocean and Northern Hemisphere measurement datasets are complementary because they constrain different processes. These results highlight the value of remote marine aerosol measurements.
Continuous atmospheric CO2, CH4 and CO measurements at the Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement (OPE) station in France from 2011 to 2018
Authors: Conil Sébastien , Helle Julie , Langrene Laurent , Laurent Olivier , Delmotte Marc , Ramonet Michel
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Located in north-east France, the Observatoire Pérenne de
l'Environnement (OPE) station was built during the Integrated Carbon
Observation System (ICOS) Demonstration Experiment to monitor the greenhouse
gases mole fraction. Its continental rural background setting fills the gaps
between oceanic or mountain stations and urban stations within the ICOS
network. Continuous measurements of several greenhouse gases using high-precision spectrometers started in 2011 on a tall tower with three sampling
inlets at 10, 50 and 120 m above ground level (a.g.l.). Measurement quality is
regularly assessed using several complementary approaches based on reference
high-pressure cylinders, audits using travelling instruments and sets of
travelling cylinders (“cucumber” intercomparison programme). Thanks to the
quality assurance strategy recommended by ICOS, measurement uncertainties
are within the World Meteorological Organisation compatibility goals for
carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). The
time series of mixing ratios from 2011 to the end of 2018 are used to analyse
trends and diurnal and seasonal cycles. The CO2 and CH4 annual
growth rates are 2.4 ppm yr−1 and 8.8 ppb yr−1 respectively for
measurements at 120 m a.g.l. over the investigated period. However, no
significant trend has been recorded for CO mixing ratios. The afternoon mean
residuals (defined as the differences between midday observations and a
smooth fitted curve) of these three compounds are significantly stronger
during the cold period when inter-species correlations are high, compared to
the warm period. The variabilities of residuals show a close link with air
mass back-trajectories.
Application and evaluation of the dendroclimatic process-based model MAIDEN during the last century in Canada and Europe
Authors: Rezsöhazy Jeanne , Goosse Hugues , Guiot Joël , Gennaretti Fabio , Boucher Etienne , André Frédéric , Jonard Mathieu
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Tree-ring archives are one of the main sources of information to reconstruct climate variations over the last millennium with annual resolution. The links between tree-ring proxies and climate have usually been estimated using statistical approaches, assuming linear and stationary relationships. Both assumptions may be inadequate but this issue can be overcome by ecophysiological modelling based on mechanistic understanding. In this respect, the model MAIDEN (Modeling and Analysis In DENdroecology) simulating tree ring growth from daily temperature and precipitation, considering carbon assimilation and allocation in forest stands, may constitute a valuable tool. However, the lack of local meteorological data and the limited characterisation of tree species traits can complicate the calibration and validation of such complex model, which may hamper paleoclimate applications. The goal of this study is to test the applicability of the MAIDEN model in a paleoclimate context using as a test case tree ring observations covering the twentieth century from twenty-one Eastern Canadian taiga sites and three European sites. More specifically, we investigate the model sensitivity to parameters calibration and to the quality of climatic inputs and evaluate the model performance using a validation procedure. We also examine the added value of using MAIDEN in paleoclimate applications compared to a simpler tree-growth model, VS-Lite. A bayesian calibration of the most sensitive model parameters provides good results at most of the selected sites with high correlations between simulated and observed tree-growth. Although MAIDEN is found to be sensitive to the quality of the climatic inputs, simple bias-correction and downscaling techniques of these data improve significantly the performance of the model. The split-sample validation of MAIDEN gives encouraging results but requires long tree-ring and meteorological series to give robust results. We also highlight a risk of overfitting in the calibration of model parameters that increases with short series. Finally, MAIDEN has shown higher calibration and validation correlations in most cases compared to VS-Lite. Nevertheless, this latter model turns out to be more stable over calibration and validation periods. Our results provide a protocol for the application of MAIDEN to potentially any site with tree-ring width data in the extratropical region.
Societal breakdown as an emergent property of large-scale behavioural models of land use change
Authors: Brown Calum , Seo Bumsuk , Rounsevell Mark
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Human land use has placed enormous pressure on natural resources and ecosystems worldwide and may even prompt socio-ecological collapses under some circumstances. Efforts to avoid such collapses are hampered by a lack of knowledge about when they may occur and how they may be prevented. Computational models that illuminate potential future developments in the land system are invaluable tools in this context. While such models are widely used to project biophysical changes, they are currently less able to explore the social dynamics that will be key aspects of future global change. As a result, strategies for navigating a hazardous future may suffer from “blind spots” at which individual, social and political behaviours divert the land system away from predicted pathways. We apply CRAFTY-EU, an agent-based model of the European land system, in order to investigate the effects of human behavioural aspects of land management at the continental scale. We explore a range of potential futures using climatic and socio-economic scenarios and present a coherent set of cross-sectoral projections without imposed equilibria or optimisation. These projections include various behavioural responses to scenarios including non-economic motivations, aversion to change and heterogeneity in decision-making. We find that social factors and behavioural responses have dramatic impacts on simulated dynamics and can contribute to a breakdown of the land system's essential functions in which shortfalls in food production of up to 56 % emerge. These impacts are largely distinct from, and at least as large as, those of projected climatic change. We conclude that the socio-economic aspects of future scenarios require far more detailed and varied treatment. In particular, deviation from simple economic rationality at individual and aggregate scales may profoundly alter the nature of land system development and the achievability of policy goals.
In-situ airborne measurements of atmospheric and sea surface
parameters related to offshore wind parks in the German Bight
Authors: Lampert Astrid , Bärfuss Konrad , Platis Andreas , Siedersleben Simon , Djath Bughsin , Cañadillas Beatriz , Hankers Rudolf , Bitter Mark , Feuerle Thomas , Schulz Helmut , Rausch Thomas , Angermann Maik , Schwithal Alexander , Bange Jens , Schulz-Stellenfleth Johannes , Neumann Thomas , Emeis Stefan
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Between 6 September 2016 and 15 October 2017, meteorological measurement ﬂights were conducted above the German Bight in the framework of the project WIPAFF (Wind Park Far Field). The scope of the measurements was to investigate long-range wakes with extent larger than 10 km behind entire wind parks, and to investigate the interaction of wind parks and the marine atmospheric boundary layer. The research aircraft Dornier 128 of TU Braunschweig performed in total 41 measurement ﬂights during different seasons and different stability conditions. The instrumentation consisted of a nose boom with sensors for measuring the wind vector, temperature and humidity, and additionally sensors for characterizing the water surface, a surface temperature sensor, a laser scanner, and two cameras in the visible and infrared wavelength range. A detailed overview of the aircraft, sensors, data post processing and ﬂight patterns is provided here. Further, averaged proﬁles of atmospheric parameters illustrate the range of conditions. The potential use of the data set is shown by ﬁrst publications. The data are publicly available in the world data center PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.902845, Bärfuss et al., 2019).
The CORA 5.2 dataset for global in situ temperature and salinity measurements: data description and validation
Authors: Szekely Tanguy , Gourrion Jérôme , Pouliquen Sylvie , Reverdin Gilles
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We present the Copernicus in situ ocean dataset of temperature
and salinity (version 5.2). Ocean subsurface sampling varied widely
from 1950 to 2017 as a result of changes in instrument technology and the
development of in situ observational networks (in particular, tropical moorings for the
Argo program). Thus, global ocean temperature data coverage on an annual
basis grew from 10 % in 1950 (30 % for the North Atlantic basin) to
25 % in 2000 (60 % for the North Atlantic basin) and reached a plateau
exceeding 80 % (95 % for the North Atlantic Ocean) after the deployment
of the Argo program. The average depth reached by the profiles also
increased from 1950 to 2017. The validation framework is presented, and an
objective analysis-based method is developed to assess the quality of the
dataset validation process. Objective analyses (OAs) of the ocean variability are calculated
without taking into account the data quality flags (raw dataset OA), with
the near-real-time quality flags (NRT dataset OA), and with the delayed-time-mode quality flags (CORA dataset OA). The comparison of the objective
analysis variability shows that the near-real-time dataset managed to detect
and to flag most of the large measurement errors, reducing the analysis
error bar compared to the raw dataset error bar. It also shows that the
ocean variability of the delayed-time-mode validated dataset is almost
exempt from random-error-induced variability.
Boreal forest soil chemistry drives soil organic carbon bioreactivity along a 314-year fire chronosequence
Authors: Andrieux Benjamin , Paré David , Beguin Julien , Grondin Pierre , Bergeron Yves
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Following wildfire, organic carbon (C) accumulates in boreal forest soils. The long-term patterns of accumulation as well as the mechanisms responsible for continuous soil C stabilization or sequestration are poorly known. We evaluated post-fire C stock changes in functional reservoirs (bioreactive and recalcitrant) using the proportion of C mineralized in CO2 by microbes in a long-term lab incubation, as well as the proportion of C resistant to acid hydrolysis. We found that all soil C pools increased linearly with time since fire. The bioreactive and acid-insoluble soil C pools increased at a rate of 0.02 MgC ha−1 yr−1 and 0.12 MgC ha−1 yr−1, respectively, and their proportions relative to total soil C stock remained constant with time since fire (8 % and 46 %, respectively). We quantified direct and indirect causal relationships among variables and carbon bioreactivity to disentangle the relative contribution of climate, moss dominance, soil particle size distribution and soil chemical properties (pH, exchangeable Mn and Al, and metal oxides) to the variation structure of in vitro soil carbon bioreactivity. Our analyses showed that the chemical properties of Podzolic soils that characterise the study area were the best predictors of soil carbon bioreactivity. For the FH horizon (O-layer), pH and exchangeable Mn were the most important (model-averaged estimator for both: 0.34) factors directly related to soil organic C bioreactivity, followed by time since fire (0.24), moss dominance (0.08) and climate and texture (0 for both). For the mineral soil, exchangeable aluminum was the most important factor (model-averaged estimator: −0.32), followed by metal oxide (−0.27), pH (−0.25), time since fire (0.05), climate and texture (~ 0 for both). Of the four climate factors examined in this study (i.e., mean annual temperature, growing degree-days above 5 °C, mean annual precipitation and water balance) only those related to water availability, and not to temperature, had indirect effect (FH horizon) or a marginal indirect effect (mineral soil) on soil carbon bioreactivity. Given that predictions of the impact of climate change on soil carbon balance are strongly linked to the size and the bioreactivity of soil C pools, our study stresses the need to include the direct effects of soil chemistry and the indirect effects of climate and soil texture on soil C decomposition in Earth System Models to forecast the response of boreal soils to global warming.
The influence of the moisture content of raw materials on the structuring of the extrudates
Authors: Tsagareishvili Davit , Sesikashvili Otari , Dadunashvili Gia , Sakhanberidze Nugzari , Tsagareishvili Shalva
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of studies on the model systems of extrudates  conducted with a view to determining the function of moisture during the process of forming the structure of starch pastes. There was studied the influence of the moisture content of raw materials on a starch gelatinization point. Studies showed that 15% moisture content in raw materials is sufficient for its constituent phase - starch gelatinization, as well as for the transition of the whole mass to a fluid-viscous state. Further increase in the moisture content is accompanied by a decrease in a gelatinization point. In order to study the influence of moisture on the formation of a porous structure of extrudates, we studied the relationship between the different-type starch pastes and the degree of its transparency and its embrittlement temperature. It has been found that during the process of thermal and mechanical impacts, there occurs the process of the formation of a structure of starch pastes, in particular, samples with the different moisture contents can have an amorphous or crystalline structure. There has been established the relationship between the moisture content of raw materials on the modulus of elasticity of starch pastes based on them. The modulus of elasticity of samples was determined one hour (cooling time to room temperature) and one week after obtaining the starch paste. The above studies showed that minimal physico-chemical and mechanical transformations occur in starch pastes, which are in an amorphous state, that is, in the conditions of a low moisture content. We have established that the moisture content of raw materials, on the one hand, ensures the transition of a high-dispersive phase to a fluid state, or implementing the ex process of extrusion, and on the other hand, influences on the formation of a porous structure in the extrudates.
Analysis of development of raw cow milk prices in the conditions of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Váryová Ivana , Poláková Zuzana , Košovská Iveta , Ferenczi Vaňová Alexandra , Krajčí­rová Renáta
Published: December 2019

The paper is focused on the evaluation of the price development of raw cow milk in the Slovak Republic. The aim of the paper is to analyse the development of average prices of the raw Q class cow´s milk in 2006 – 2018 and to forecast the trend of these prices by June 2019. Monthly data from the Market Report of Milk and Dairy Products issued by the Agricultural Information Department – ATIS, as part of the Agricultural Paying Agency, were the base of our information resource. These data were analyzed by using the statistical software called SAS. Box-Jenkins methodology was used to model the future trend of average purchase prices of the raw Q class cow´s milk, designed for modeling stationary and non-stationary time series and time series with seasonal components. During the period of 2006 – 2018 the Slovak dairy market showed significant changes in the prices of raw Q class cow´s milk. Three crisis periods of the dairy sector have been identified, during which the milk price has fallen below 0.30 € per kilogram. Long-term low prices of raw cow milk led to the liquidation of primary milk producers. In the next forecast period, by February 2019 a moderate increase in the average purchase price of rawQ class cow´s milk is expected, followed by a decrease by June 2019.
Different Texts for Different (Legal) Languages: In Search of a New Approach
Authors: Canepari Michela
Published: December 2019

This article, which is based on an ongoing research project, explores new methodologies that could make the approach of students and “ordinary” (non-specialists) speakers to the language of the law more stimulating, thereby helping them achieve a better understanding of this specialized language. At present, as testified by the constant growth of plain English and fight the fog campaigns, there is a strong need for a more exhaustive understanding of this language, with which every individual is obliged to interact in his/her life, regardless of his/her status and/or profession. This article thus exploits audio-visual materials and comics that translate intersemiotically the language used in various types of texts (articles, codes, contracts etc.), or that attempts to reproduce the language spoken by specialists in the courtroom. By so doing, it demonstrates the intrusion of legal language in everyday life and suggests the need for an increased awareness of the modus operandi of this language. Furthermore, this paper argues for the need of a new generation of expert translators, who should be able to translate interlinguistically (from one legal language into another), intralinguistically (from specialized to plain language), interculturally (from one legal system to another) and – at least in part – “intersemiotically” (from the verbal code to multimodal and multimedia codes). This paper therefore provides some strategies and puts forward some suggestions that might become useful in the formation of such new professional figures, simultaneously anticipating further research in the field.
La mediación pedagógica y el texto paralelo: una experiencia enriquecedora
Authors: Téllez Flores Ana Teodora
Published: December 2019

Este ensayo aborda la experiencia relacionada con la elaboración de un texto base, mediado pedagógicamente en la asignatura de Química Ambiental, así como las lecciones y aprendizajes vividos por los estudiantes en la construcción de sus textos paralelos. Un texto educativo mediado pedagógicamente, trata el contenido y la forma de expresarlo de manera clara, accesible y creativa. Así también, es importante enfatizar en la relevancia que tiene el no perder de vista a los discentes, como sujetos activos en la construcción consciente de sus aprendizajes. En este mismo orden, en la mediación pedagógica resultan fundamentales tres aspectos: el tratamiento desde el contenido, desde la forma y desde el aprendizaje. Es necesario que estos elementos estén presentes en todas las etapas del diseño del texto base. Otros elementos que no podemos dejar de considerar son: la contextualización de las temáticas con datos y situaciones relacionadas con el perfil de la carrera, así como el estímulo hacia una actitud investigativa. De este modo, como educadores universitarios estaremos contribuyendo de forma paulatina a que el proceso de aprendizaje sea una actividad lúdica, creativa, placentera y bella.
Medicinal Cannabis in Orthopaedic Practice
Authors: Kleeman-Forsthuber Lindsay T. , Dennis Douglas A. , Jennings Jason M.
Published: December 2019

Cannabis has gained widespread public advocacy since its legalization in several states with recent evidence suggesting that its self-reported use has increased in patients undergoing a primary total joint arthroplasty. The endocannabinoid system has been proposed to play a role in decreasing the inflammatory cascade and enhancing pain management. For these reasons, interest has emerged in the orthopaedic community as a potential treatment or adjunct to treatment in many musculoskeletal conditions. However, the evidence to date is scant and precludes recommendations for its widespread use. Given the current paucity of evidence in the orthopaedic cohort, future research is warranted in this area to determine the efficacy and safety before endorsements can be made by orthopaedic surgeons.
A Narrative Discourse Analysis of Poe's Short Story "The Tell-Tale Heart": Implications for Language Teaching
Authors: Alsahafi Morad
Published: December 2019

This paper employs narrative discourse analysis to analyze Edger Allen Poe's short story "The Tell-Tale Heart" by using two narrative analysis frameworks that focus on the macrostructure (Stein, 1982) and microstructure (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) aspects of the story. The analysis covers the story's purpose, generic structure, and lexicogrammatical cohesion. Findings show that the writer follows a series of structural moves and uses a variety of narrative strategies (e.g. high level of involvement and a wide range of lexical and grammatical cohesive ties) which contribute to the creation of a well-formed text that has effectively achieved its purpose and made its intended effect. This paper argues that there are many ways in which this macro- and microstructure analysis of the story may be exploited in the English language classroom. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the analysis and offers some suggestions and engaging activities for language teaching purposes.
Rights of a socially maladjusted child
Authors: Nowocka-Skóra Anna
Published: December 2019

The article is an overview and a deep analysis of standards in international and Polish legislation regarding the protection of the rights of a socially maladjusted child. The analysis of the evolution of juvenile responsibility rules indicates a complete change over the last century, both in juvenile proceedings and in ensuring their rights at every stage of the judicial proceedings as well as during social rehabilitation process. The modernity and quality of currently applicable regulations of juvenile problems is evidenced by the separation of juvenile legislation and dealing with juvenile, which primarily means going beyond the legal and criminal field and giving the entire system of dealing with juvenile an educational and protective character , both as to the content (philosophy) and the essence of the means used.. The basing of dealing with juvenile on the idea of education and the specific manifest of juvenile rights in social rehabilitation contains many acts of international law – the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations documents from 1985 to 1990, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile. Justice (“The Beijing Rules”), the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (“The Riyadh Guidelines”), the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty (“Havana Rules”) as well as European legal standards (Recommendations N. R (87)18, R(92)16 N. R(92)17 of the Committee of Ministers), as well as the Act of 26 October 1982 on proceedings in juvenile cases in force in Poland (Journal of Laws of 2016, item 1654, as amended).. The analysis and review of rights guaranteed to juvenile made in the article is consistent with the state of knowledge and the system of values that determine our contemporary identity – dignity of each person, dignity of each child, dignity of a socially maladjusted child.
The rate of release of macronutrients from new organic-mineral fertilizers
Authors: Kuśmirek Ewa
Published: December 2019

The rate of release of macronutrients from new granulated organic-mineral fertilizers formed from spent mushroom substrate was investigated in the conditions of a microplot experiment in the laboratory. Nitrate(V) and ammonium were estimated using a colorimetric method using a flow auto-analyzer after extraction in 1% solution K2SO4 and in 0.01 mol · dm - 3 CaCl2, pH-value – by potentiometric method after extraction with 1 mol·dm - 3 KCl, available P and K by the Egner-Riehm method. New granulated organic-mineral fertilizers formed from spent mushroom substrate had an impact on the pH-value seven days after application. This tendency was intensified in the following weeks. New granulated organic-mineral fertilizers were a source of available form of nitrogen (nitrate(V), ammonium), potassium and phosphorus.
Platon: Kein Staat
Authors: Riedenauer Markus
Published: December 2019

Eines der einflussreichsten Bücher der westlichen Philosophie ist die Politeia von Platon – meist mit „Der Staat“ übersetzt. Leicht ist erkennbar, dass das Werk viel mehr als politische Philosophie enthält – der Beitrag fasst insgesamt zwölf Argumente dafür zusammen, dass es überhaupt keine überzeugende politische Philosophie enthält. Die erkenntnistheoretischen, metaphysischen und anthropologischen Voraussetzungen und Argumente der Politeia erlauben keine adäquate Beschreibung und Reflexion der Natur eines Staates, noch seines Bezugs zu den Individuen, die ihn konstituieren, noch des Charakters politischer Institutionen oder der politischen Sphäre an sich.Selbst wenn angenommen wird, dass die erste Absicht des Werks gewesen sei, Gerechtigkeit und Moralität auf individualethischer Ebene zu begründen, verhindern die idealistischen und dualistischen Grundelemente ein Verständnis von Tugenden und Handlungsnormen.Erst recht ist es unmöglich, den Staat aufgrund der Prämissen der Politeia selbst zu konstruieren oder theoretisch zu rekonstruieren. Das Scheitern Platons als politischer Berater verdankt sich nicht oder nicht nur kontingenten historischen Faktoren, sondern vor allem den Defiziten seiner politischen Theorie.
THE ROTTEN, THE SICK AND THE WELL: GENEALOGÍA CONRADIANA DE LO MORBOSO EN THE GREAT GATSBY
Authors: Valls Oyarzun Eduardo
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo plantea un elemento poco tratado en la relación de influencia de Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) sobre The Great Gatsby (1925), de Francis Scott Fitzgerald, a saber: la estructura, el desarrollo y el alcance ideológico de la metáfora de lo morboso como manifestación de la disfuncionalidad implícita en los sistemas sociales que no observan el principio de responsabilidad. El artículo presenta un marco teórico en el que se definen las líneas maestras del concepto de responsabilidad conradiano, que es análogo, como se sostiene en el artículo, al concepto de responsabilidad promovido por Friedrich Nietzsche, y mantiene diferencias cruciales con el concepto de Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881). El referido marco se emplea para indagar en el campo tropológico de la enfermedad y la podredumbre en la novela de Francis Scott Fitzgerald. A modo de conclusión se abordan las diferencias entre responsabilidad social y responsabilidad individual como elemento diferenciador de los principios ideológicos que entran en conflicto en la novela.ABSTRACTThis article examines an element that has rarely been tackled by critics when discussing the influence of Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) on Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925), to wit: the structure, development and ideological scope of the idea of the “morbid” as representation of dysfunctional communities that do not observe the principles of responsibility. The article posits a theoretical framework that develops the main features of Conrad’s idea of responsibility, which, in turn, resembles that of Friedrich Nietzsche and deviates notably from that of Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881). The said framework is then deployed in order to delve into the images of sickness and rottenness in Fitzgerald’s novel. As a conclusion, the article examines the difference between two sorts of responsibility: social and individual, for they are the main constituents of the ideological conflicts the novel features.
CONSTRUCCIÓN CRÍTICA Y REALIDAD HISTÓRICA DE LA GENERACIÓN DEL 27
Authors: Neira Jiménez Julio
Published: December 2019

En este artículo se reconsideran y se desmienten algunas de las afirmaciones más consolidadas en la historia literaria actual sobre la Generación del 27: la celebración en diciembre de ese año en Sevilla de un homenaje a Luis de Góngora, con patrocinio del torero Ignacio Sánchez Mejías, que cerraría los actos de reivindicación del poeta barroco; la restricción de la generación a la poesía, como hecho distintivo de los nuevos escritores según Dámaso Alonso, y la amistad como factor aglutinante del grupo. Se aportan aquí numerosos argumentos documentales que permiten desmontar estas consideraciones como construcciones críticas infundadas y restaurar, así, la realidad histórica de ese riquísimo fenómeno que fue clave en la llamada Edad de Plata de la cultura española.ABSTRACTThis article re-examines and questions some of the assertions that are most established in current literary history regarding the Generation of 1927: the celebrations in December that year in Seville in honour of Luis de Góngora, sponsored by bull-fighter Ignacio Sánchez Mejías, presumably as an end to a series of events vindicating the Baroque poet;the narrowing of the generation to poetry, as a defining characteristic of the new writers according to Dámaso Alonso, and friendship as the unifying force in the group. Extensive documentary evidence is offered here to undermine these claims as unfounded critical constructions,aiming to restore accuracy in the actual history of this rich phenomenon that was key in the so-called Silver Age of the Spanish culture.
Study of deprotonation processes of polyaniline by differential multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy in an electrochemical system
Authors: Mažeikienė Regina , Niaura Gediminas , Malinauskas Albertas
Published: December 2019

A layer of polyaniline has been deposited at a gold electrode and studied by differential multiwavelength Raman spectroelectrochemistry. A set of laser line excitation wavelengths was used, including blue (442 nm), green (532 nm), red (633 nm) and far red (785 nm). From the results obtained, the difference spectra between deprotonated (pH 9.0) and protonated (pH 1.0) forms of oxidized and reduced polyaniline were derived and analysed. The characteristic features for different forms of polyaniline were identified, and their dependence on the excitation wavelength was shown. In addition to the usual Raman spectroscopy, the differential spectroscopy enables one to analyse the increase or decrease of intensity for selected Raman bands upon a reversible deprotonation of this polymer.
Tabular Potentials for Monte Carlo Simulation of Supertoroids with Short-Range
Interactions
Authors: Hatch Harold W. , McCann Gordon W.
Published: December 2019

We describe a methodology for constructing tabular potentials of supertoroids
with short-range interactions, which requires the calculation of the volume of
overlap of these shapes for many relative positions and orientations. Recent
advances in the synthesis of anisotropic colloids have made experimental
realizations of such particles feasible and have increased the practical impact of
fundamental simulation studies of these families of shapes. This extends our recent
work on superquadric potentials to now include a family of ring-like shapes with a
hole in the middle. Along with the addition of supertoroids, the ability to make
tables for nonidentical particles and particle pairs with multiple, disconnected
overlap volumes was added. Using newly developed extensions to a previously
published algorithm, we produced tabular potentials for all of these new cases. The
algorithmic developments in this work will enable Monte Carlo simulations of a wider
variety of shapes to predict thermodynamic properties over a range of
conditions.
Les médias sociaux comme prédicteurs de la criminalité urbaine
Authors: Da Silva1 Simon , Boivin Rémi , Fortin Francis
Published: December 2019

La présente étude tente de déterminer l’importance d’analyser les crimes à des niveaux spatiaux et temporels de plus en plus précis. De même, une nouvelle source de données issue des médias sociaux, les messages sur Twitter, est utilisée afin de prédire la répartition des crimes à Montréal en estimant la population réelle sur le territoire, et en la caractérisant selon son humeur. Des modèles multiniveaux Poisson sont utilisés afin de prédire les crimes contre la personne et les crimes contre les biens agrégés au segment de rue selon l’heure de la journée. Les résultats montrent qu’il est primordial pour toute analyse de la criminalité à Montréal de tenir compte de la variance de la criminalité en ce qui a trait aux micro-endroits et d’y incorporer des périodes intrajournalières. La caractérisation de la population réelle de la ville a été considérée comme une avenue prometteuse pour la prédiction des crimes. Cette étude propose que l’utilisation des données de Twitter soit une avenue d’analyse concluante, mais qui reste encore à approfondir.
Temporal Variability of Particulate Matter in Urban Area of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Onuorah Christopher U. , Leton T. G. , Momoh O. L. Y.
Published: December 2019

Particulate matter pollution poses serious health concern to public health in Nigeria especially at elevated concentration. Its size is very vital in determination of its long stay in the atmosphere as well as its deposition in human respiratory system. This study analyzes the temporal variation of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations and its ratio in urban area of Port Harcourt. The study was carried out in Woji, area of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, from May to December 2018 using Aerocet 531 particulate monitor while meteorological variables were monitored via Misol wireless weather station mounted 10 m above the ground level. The highest particle pollution occurred in the month of December with an average daily PM2.5 concentration of 58.8 μgm-3 and PM10 concentration of 164.5 μgm-3, which exceeds WHO and USEPA daily threshold. These particle pollution exceedances recorded the dry season month of December was due to high atmospheric stability with dry dusty north east trade wind associated with harmattan. Also,  Particulate matter concentration are usually lower during the weekends than weekdays with high PM level occurring at night from 8:00 PM to 9:00 AM in the morning with the peak at 8.00 AM. This shows that the weekdays experienced elevated PM level than weekend as a result of high industrial, commercial and traffic activities emitting particles within the weekdays. Also the average PM2.5/PM10 ratio for wet and dry season was 0.3 respectively. This shows that the town is town is predominated by coarse particle.