bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Spatial and Temporal Relationship between Air Quality and Urban Land-Use Patterns Based on an Integrated Method
Authors: Ku Chia-An
Published: April 2020

The deterioration of air quality in urban areas is often closely related to urbanization, as this has led to a significant increase in energy consumption and the massive emission of air pollutants, thereby exacerbating the current state of air pollution. However, the relationship between urban development and air quality is complex, thus making it difficult to be analyzed using traditional methods. In this paper, a framework integrating spatial analysis and statistical methods (based on 170 regression models) is developed to explore the spatial and temporal relationship between urban land use patterns and air quality, aiming to provide solid information for mitigation planning. The thresholds for the influence of urban patterns are examined using different buffer zones. In addition, the differences in the effects of various types of land use pattern on air quality were also explored. The results show that there were significant differences between 1999 and 2013 with regards to the correlations between land use patterns and air pollutant concentrations. Among all land uses, forest, water and built-up areas were proved to influence concentrations the most. It is suggested that the developed framework should be applied further in the real-world mitigation planning decision-making process
Amino Acid Substitutions in Positions 385 and 393 of the Hydrophobic Region of VP4 May Be Associated with Rotavirus Attenuation and Cell Culture Adaptation
Authors: Guo Yusheng , Wentworth David E. , Stucker Karla M. , Halpin Rebecca A. , Lam Ham Ching , Marthaler Douglas , Saif Linda J. , Vlasova Anastasia N.
Published: April 2020

Rotaviruses (RVs) are the leading cause of the acute viral gastroenteritis in young children and livestock animals worldwide. Although live attenuated vaccines have been applied to control RV infection for many years, the underlying mechanisms of RV attenuation following cell culture adaption are unknown. To study these mechanisms at the genomic level, we have sequenced and conducted a comparative analysis of two virulent human (Wa, G1P[8] and M, G3P[8]) and two virulent porcine (Gottfried, G4P[6] and OSU, G5P[7]) RV strains maintained in gnotobiotic piglets for 22, 11, 12 and 9 serial passages, respectively, with their attenuated counterparts serially passaged in MA-104 cell cultures for 25, 43, 54 and 43 passages, respectively. We showed that most of the mutations were clustered in the VP4 gene, with a relatively high nonsynonymous substitution rate (81.2%). Moreover, two amino acid substitutions observed in the VP4 gene were conserved between two or more strain pairs. D385N substitution was found in M, Wa and Gottfried strains, and another one, S471H/L was present in Wa and Gottfried strains. Importantly, D385 was reported previously in another study and may be involved in regulation of virus entry. Of interest, although no 385 substitution was found in OSU strains, the attenuated OSU strain contained a unique D393H substitution within the same VP4 hydrophobic domain. Collectively, our data suggest that the VP4 hydrophobic region may play an important role in RV attenuation and aa385 and aa393 may represent potential targets for RV vaccine development using reverse genetics and site-specific mutagenesis.
Grau de conhecimento a respeito do Código Florestal Brasileiro (Lei nº 12.651) por parte de agricultores familiares que atuam nas feiras livres do município de Confresa-MT
Authors: Rosa Isadora do Nascimento , Santos Samuel Tavares dos
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo teve como objetivo verificar o grau de conhecimento dos feirantes, agricultores familiares, do município de Confresa-MT, a respeito do Código Florestal Brasileiro (Lei nº 12.651). Para isso, foi realizada uma entrevista com 26 agricultores familiares que atuam nas feiras livres do município de Confresa-MT. As respostas dadas por esse público despertam uma grande preocupação, tendo em vista revelar a pouca presença dos atores públicos responsável pela temática da questão ambiental, como a visita de órgãos de fiscalização ambiental. Provavelmente devido aquela pouca presença dos atores públicos em questão, este estudo também mostrou que esses agricultores têm baixo grau de conhecimento de temas relacionados àquela Lei, como área de Preservação Permanente ou de Reserva Legal. Embora o padrão de respostas obtido no presente estudo mostre que os mesmos não tem sido alvo de políticas públicas de fiscalização e/ou de educação ambiental, esse estudo também revelou que o público entrevistado possui uma considerável consciência ambiental.
Relato de experiência: reuniões do grupo de apoio a pacientes com dermatite atópica
Authors: Pontes Carlos Elisandra Barbara , Possa de Abreu Ana Beatriz , Feital de Carvalho Maria Teresa , Freitas do Valle Annair , Caruso Bonetti Simone
Published: April 2020

Introdução: A dermatite atópica (DA) é a doença cutânea mais comum na infância, com prevalência mundial estimada em cerca de 15% a 20% das crianças e 1% a 10% dos adultos. Estudos recentes correlacionam-na com prejuízo do sono de pacientes e familiares e pior qualidade de vida pelo caráter estigmatizante das lesões cutâneas. O controle da DA deve envolver uma rotina diária de cuidados com a pele, monitorando os fatores precipitantes e a manutenção da hidratação cutânea. O suporte multiprofissional contínuo e a educação continuada visam melhoria da aderência ao tratamento medicamentoso e não medicamentoso por parte dos pacientes e responsáveis. Objetivo: Demonstrar o funcionamento de um grupo de apoio a pacientes e familiares com DA como forma adjuvante ao tratamento tradicional. Relato de Experiência: Durante os meses de outubro de 2018 e junho de 2019 foram realizadas quatro reuniões multidisciplinares na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) com pacientes portadores de DA e seus cuidadores, provenientes do ambulatório de dermatologia pediátrica do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF). Diversos temas foram abordados, incluindo cuidados gerais com a doença, nutrição infantil, psicologia e autoestima de crianças com DA. O encontro envolveu profissionais médicos, não médicos e estudantes de medicina, as dinâmicas realizadas incluíram rodas de conversas com familiares e atividades lúdicas educativas sobre a doença com as crianças. Conclusão: As reuniões podem impactar positivamente no controle da doença ao fortalecer a relação médico-paciente e fornecer educação continuada aos portadores de DA e seus familiares. O compartilhamento de experiências durante os encontros e o suporte multiprofissional trazem ainda mais benefícios para os pacientes com a doença, abordando aspectos psicossociais, nutricionais e educacionais, o que em última análise, aumenta a aderência ao tratamento.
Explanatory notes to the Geological map of Greenland, 1:500 000, Humboldt Gletscher, Sheet 6
Authors: Dawes Peter R.
Published: April 2020

Dawes, P.R. 2004: Explanatory notes to the Geological map of Greenland, 1:500 000, Humboldt Gletscher, Sheet 6. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Map Series 1, 48 pp. + map.

These explanatory notes cover the map region bounded by latitudes 78°N and 81°N and longitudes 56°W and 74°W, with geology shown on the land areas between Nares Strait - the seaway between Greenland and Ellesmere Island, Canada - and the Inland Ice. The bedrock geology is composed of Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic provinces that continue across Nares Strait into Canada. Map units and mineral occurrences are described in general terms and are proceeded by sections on physical environment, logistics, data sources and geoscientific research. The notes are aimed at the practical user and a guide for further reading.The bedrock is composed of three provinces separated by unconformities, each representing a hiatus of c. 500 Ma during which basic dykes were emplaced. The Palaeoproterozoic Inglefield mobile belt, forming the crystalline shield, is an E-W-trending belt of deposition and orogeny characterised by polyphase magmatism, deformation and high-grade metamorphism. Clastic deposition, with magmatism at c. 1985 Ma, are the oldest events recorded, followed by the accumulation of the Etah Group (carbonate, pelitic and psammitic sediments with supposedly coeval mafic and ultramafic rocks) between 1980 and 1950 Ma ago. These rocks were intruded 1950 to 1915 Ma ago by the Etah meta-igneous complex, that records polyphase plutonism (intermediate to felsic, with some basic and magnetite-rich rocks), followed by deformation and partial melting producing granites 1785 to 1740 Ma ago. The Mesoproterozoic Thule Basin, defined by the unmetamorphosed and little deformed Thule Supergroup, records sedimentation and basaltic volcanism at least as old as 1270 Ma. The faulted, north-eastern basin margin shown on the map preserves the passage from the basinal sequence to a relatively thin platform succession invaded by basic sills. The Palaeozoic Franklinian Basin is represented by a homoclinal Cambrian to Silurian shelf carbonate succession and a major Silurian reef complex, with coeval siliciclastic slope deposits. The map region includes the classical area for Franklinian stratigraphy, now composed of 29 formations and four groups - Ryder Gletscher, Morris Bugt, Washington Land and Peary Land Groups.The only younger units preserved in the map region are widespread Quaternary deposits, an isolated outcrop of coarse-grained fluvial deposits (Bjørnehiet Formation) and non-carbonised wood erratics of Neogene age.Five mineral occurrence types are shown on the map: in lithologies of the Inglefield mobile belt, sulphide-graphite rust zones, a magnetite deposit and copper-gold mineralisation and in the Franklinian Basin, commercially drilled, zinc-lead-silver and zinc-lead-barium mineralisations. The basic ingredients of a petroleum model exist in the Franklinian Basin but prospectivity is low.
The Jurassic of Denmark and Greenland: key elements in the reconstruction of the North Atlantic Jurassic rift system
Authors: Surlyk Finn , Ineson Jon R.
Published: April 2020

The Jurassic succession of Denmark is largely confined to the subsurface with the exception of exposures on the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea. In East Greenland, in contrast, the Jurassic is extensively exposed. Comparison of basin evolution in the two regions, which now occur on two separate plates, thus relies on highly different datasets. It is possible nevertheless to construct an integrated picture allowing testing of hypotheses concerning basin evolution, regional uplift, onset and climax of rifting, relative versus eustatic sea-level changes and sequence stratigraphic subdivision and correlation. On a smaller scale, it is possible to compare the signatures of sequence stratigraphic surfaces as seen on well logs, in cores and at outcrop and of sequences recognised and defined on the basis of very different data types. Breakdown of the successions into tectonostratigraphic megasequences highlights the high degree of similarity in overall basin evolution and tectonic style. An important difference, however, lies in the timing. Major events such as late Early – Middle Jurassic uplift, followed by onset of rifting, basin reorganisation and rift climax were delayed in East Greenland relative to the Danish region. This has important implications both for regional reconstructions of the rift system and for the understanding and testing of classical sequence stratigraphic concepts involving eustatic versus tectonic controls of basin evolution and stratigraphy.
The Lower Jurassic of Europe: its subdivision and correlation
Authors: Page Kevin N.
Published: April 2020

The Lower Jurassic Sub-system comprises four stages, in chronological order, the Hettangian, Sinemurian, Pliensbachian and Toarcian. Each stage is subdivided into a sequence of ‘standard zones’ (= chronozones) and subzones – each correlated primarily on the basis of its ammonite fauna. A further increase in stratigraphical resolution is available by the use of intra-subzonal units known collectively as ‘horizons’. The close link between ammonites and chronostratigraphy means that faunal provincialism may determine which zonal framework, and therefore which subdivision of the Lower Jurassic, applies in different regions of Europe. Such provincialism is of minor importance in the early Jurassic (Hettangian – Lower Pliensbachian) but increases significantly in the Upper Pliensbachian and into the Toarcian where at least three ammonoid faunal provinces are distinguishable. The standard zonal schemes for each relevant faunal area are discussed here, with greatest emphasis being placed on the Northwest European Province, which is characteristic of much of northern Europe throughout most of the Early Jurassic. Intra-subzonal units have only been described in certain regions for parts of the Lower Jurassic but where recognisable these are introduced.
The Jurassic of the Netherlands
Authors: Herngreen G.F. Waldemar , Kouwe Wim F.P. , Wong Theo E.
Published: April 2020

A recent revision of the lithostratigraphy of the Netherlands has triggered an extensive re-evaluation of existing ideas on the Jurassic structural and depositional history. Significant advances can be attributed to the incorporation of sequence stratigraphic concepts. In the course of the Triassic and Jurassic, structural complexity increased progressively. The Jurassic sedimentary succession can be subdivided into three depositional megasequences. Megasequence I (Rhaetian– Aalenian) reflects the period between the so-called early and mid-Cimmerian tectonic phases. Megasequence II (Aalenian – Middle Callovian) covers the period of activity of the mid-Cimmerian phase. Megasequence III (Middle Callovian – Ryazanian) corresponds with the period between the mid-Cimmerian and late Cimmerian phases (particularly after pulse II). In this latter megasequence, six stages (IIIa–f) are recognised. Sediments deposited during the Rhaetian and Ryazanian bear a stronger affinity with the Jurassic succession than with Triassic and Cretaceous sediments respectively. These stages are thus treated here as an integral part of the Jurassic succession. During the Rhaetian–Bajocian the area subsided relatively uniformly. A sheet of predominantly fine-grained marine sediments of great lateral uniformity was deposited. During the Toarcian, in particular, basin circulation was largely restricted. The cooling that followed the thermal Central North Sea dome uplift triggered an important extensional phase during the Aalenian–Callovian. The rift phase resulted in the formation of several smaller basins, each with its own characteristic depositional succession. The basins fall into three structural provinces: the eastern province (Lower Saxony Basin, E–W-striking); the northern province (Central Graben, N–S-striking); and the southern–central system (Roer Valley Graben – Broad Fourteens, with a strong NW–SE strike). The mid-Cimmerian event started to affect the Dutch basins during the Bajocian. Sedimentation ceased in the Dutch Central Graben while it persisted in a predominantly coarse-grained, shallow marine facies in the southern basins (Roer Valley Graben, West Netherlands Basin). Extensional tectonics in the Central Graben were initiated during the Middle Callovian, with the deposition of continental sediments. During the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian, marine incursions gradually became more frequent. Marine deposition in the other basins in the south persisted into the Oxfordian, at which time deposition became predominantly continental. Marine conditions gradually returned in the south during the Ryazanian–Barremian, with a series of advancing partial transgressions from the north. The present- day distribution of Jurassic strata in the Netherlands was determined largely by erosion associated with Late Cretaceous – Paleocene uplift.
Sequence stratigraphy of the Jurassic of the Danish Central Graben
Authors: Andsbjerg Jan , Dybkjær Karen
Published: April 2020

A sequence stratigraphic framework is established for the Jurassic of the Danish Central Graben based primarily on petrophysical log data, core sedimentology and biostratigraphic data from about 50 wells. Regional seismic lines are used to assist in the correlation of some wells and in the construction of isochore maps. In the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian–Pliensbachian) succession, five sequences have been identified. The Middle Jurassic is subdivided into four sequences that together span the uppermost Aalenian/lowermost Bajocian to the Callovian. In the Upper Jurassic, better well coverage permits greater stratigraphic resolution, and 11 sequences are identified and mapped. On the basis of the sequence stratigraphic correlation and the construction of isochore maps for individual sequences, the Jurassic basin history of the Danish Central Graben can be subdivided into seven discrete phases: (1) Shallow marine and offshore sediments deposited in a prerift basin extending from the North Sea to the Fennoscandian Border Zone (Hettangian–Pliensbachian). (2) Uplift and erosion in association with a Toarcian–Aalenian North Sea doming event. A major hiatus represents this phase in the study area. (3) Terrestrial and marginal marine sedimentation during initial rifting (latest Aalenian/earliest Bajocian – Late Callovian). (4) Early Oxfordian – Early Kimmeridgian transgression during and after a rift pulse. The sedimentary environment changed from coastal plain and marginal marine to fully marine. (5) Regression associated with a cessation or slowing of subsidence during a structural rearrangement that took place in the Late Kimmeridgian during a break in the main rift climax. Shallow to marginal marine sandstones were deposited above an erosion surface of regional extent. (6) Deep-water mudstones deposited in a composite graben with high subsidence rates related to rift pulses (latest Late Kimmeridgian – middle Middle Volgian). (7) Deposition of organic-rich mudstones and turbidite sandstones during the late Middle Volgian – Early Ryazanian. The main basin shallowed, became more symmetrical and experienced a decreasing rate of subsidence, recording the onset of the post-rift stage. A relative sea-level curve is constructed for the Middle–Late Jurassic. It shows close similarity to published eustatic (global) and relative (North Atlantic area) sea-level curves in the latest Bathonian – late Early Kimmeridgian, but differs in the Late Kimmeridgian – Middle Volgian interval, probably due to the high rate of subsidence in the study area.
Volgian–Ryazanian ‘hot shales’ of the Bo Member (Farsund Formation) in the Danish Central Graben, North Sea: stratigraphy, facies and geochemistry
Authors: Ineson Jon R. , Bojesen-Koefoed Jørgen A. , Dybkjær Karen , Nielsen Lars H.
Published: April 2020

Upper Jurassic – lowermost Cretaceous marine mudstones represent the most significant source of hydrocarbons in the Central and Northern North Sea. Of particular importance in the Danish sector of the Central Graben is a succession of radioactive ‘hot shales’ referred to the Bo Member, in the upper levels of the Farsund Formation (Kimmeridge Clay Formation equivalent). This mudstone-dominated succession is typically 15–30 m thick and has a total organic carbon (TOC) content of 3–8%, though locally exceeding 15%. Although truncated on some structural highs, the Bo Member is a persistent feature of the Danish Central Graben. Lateral variation in both thickness and organic richness is attributed to intrabasinal structural topography and to the location of sediment input centres. Detailed study of the dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of 10 wells indicates that the onset of enhanced organic carbon burial began in the middle–late Middle Volgian in this portion of the Central Graben. The Bo Member, representing the peak of organic carbon enrichment, is largely of Early Ryazanian age. Core data (Jeppe-1, E-1 wells) indicate that the organic-rich shales of the Bo Member are not wholly of hemipelagic origin, as commonly assumed, but may locally be dominated by fine-grained turbidites. Absence of bioturbation, well-preserved lamination and high TOC values suggest that bottom waters were predominantly anoxic although the presence of in-situ benthic bivalves at discrete horizons in the E-1 well suggests that suboxic conditions prevailed on occasion. The Bo Member is a good to very good source rock, showing very high pyrolysis yields (10–100 kg HC/ton rock) and Hydrogen Index (HI) values in the range 200–600. In particular, the Bo Member is characterised by an abundance of 28,30 bisnorhopane (H28), a compound that is indicative of anoxic environments. These new data from the Danish sector of the Central Graben are compatible with the model of Tyson et al. (1979) in which the accumulation of organic-rich mudstones was controlled primarily by bottom-water anoxia beneath a stratified watermass. A number of factors probably contributed to the development of watermass stratification, both intrinsic such as the tectonic morphology of the graben system and extrinsic including climate and sea-level stand.
Late Triassic – Jurassic development of the Danish Basin and the Fennoscandian Border Zone, southern Scandinavia
Authors: Nielsen Lars H.
Published: April 2020

The continental to marine Upper Triassic – Jurassic succession of the Danish Basin and the Fennoscandian Border Zone is interpreted within a sequence stratigraphic framework, and the evolution of the depositional basin is discussed. The intracratonic Permian–Cenozoic Danish Basin was formed by Late Carboniferous – Early Permian crustal extension followed by subsidence governed primarily by thermal cooling and local faulting. The basin is separated from the stable Precambrian Baltic Shield by the Fennoscandian Border Zone, and is bounded by basement blocks of the Ringkøbing–Fyn High towards the south. In Late Triassic – Jurassic times, the basin was part of the epeiric shallow sea that covered most of northern Europe. The Upper Triassic – Jurassic basin-fill is subdivided into two tectono-stratigraphic units by a basinwide intra-Aalenian unconformity. The Norian – Lower Aalenian succession was formed under relative tectonic tranquillity and shows an overall layer-cake geometry, except for areas with local faults and salt movements. Deposition was initiated by a Norian transgression that led to shallow marine deposition and was accompanied by a gradual climatic change to more humid conditions. Extensive sheets of shoreface sand and associated paralic sediments were deposited during short-lived forced regressions in Rhaetian time. A stepwise deepening and development of fully marine conditions followed in the Hettangian – Early Sinemurian. Thick uniform basinwide mud blankets were deposited on an open storm-influenced shelf, while sand was trapped at the basin margins. This depositional pattern continued until Late Toarcian – Early Aalenian times when the basin became restricted due to renewed uplift of the Ringkøbing–Fyn High. In Middle Aalenian – Bathonian times, the former basin area was subjected to deep erosion, and deposition became restricted to the fault-bounded Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone. Eventually the fault margins were overstepped, and paralic–marine deposition gradually resumed in most of the basin in Late Jurassic time. Thus, the facies architecture of the Norian – Lower Aalenian succession reflects eustatic or large-scale regional sea-level changes, whereas the Middle Aalenian – Volgian succession reflects a strong tectonic control that gradually gave way to more widespread and sea-level controlled sedimentation. The uplift of the Ringkøbing–Fyn High and most of the Danish Basin occurred concurrently with the uplift of the North Sea and a wide irregular uplifted area was formed, which differs significantly from the postulated domal pattern.
Descriptive text to Geological map of Greenland, 1:500 000, Dove Bugt, Sheet 10
Authors: Henriksen Niels , Higgins A.K.
Published: April 2020

The Dove Bugt 1:500 000 scale geological map sheet covers a segment of the East Greenland

Caledonian orogen extending between latitudes 75°–78°N and longitudes 16°–29°W. The region was mapped in the summers of 1988–1990 as part of a regional Survey mapping programme, and the map sheet was printed in 1997.

The region covered by the Dove Bugt map sheet is dominated by Palaeoproterozoic gneiss complexes, with smaller amounts of Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks, and isolated strips of Palaeoproterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks. All these rock units have been reworked to a varying degree during the Caledonian orogeny. Post-Caledonian sedimentary rocks occur in the south-east corner of the map sheet area and as narrow, fault-bounded enclaves elsewhere, while Palaeogene basaltic lavas and sills crop out on the island of Shannon.

The rocks of the Caledonian orogen form a number of major thrust domains. The most extensive and structurally lowest is the Nørreland thrust sheet which is characterised by lenses and layers of medium-temperature, high-pressure eclogites. The Western thrust belt occupies a broad zone of eastern Dronning Louise Land that comprises Palaeoproterozoic gneiss complexes interleaved with Palaeoproterozoic and Palaeozoic metasedimentary rocks. This thrust domain is separated from the foreland rocks of western Dronning Louise Land by the Imbricate thrust zone. In the south-west part of the map sheet the highest structural domain, the Hagar Bjerg thrust sheet comprises three rock sequences: crystalline gneisses, the Mesoproterozoic Smallefjord sequence and the Neoproterozoic Eleonore Bay Supergroup.

The crystalline gneiss complexes that dominate the map sheet area and make up a significant proportion of the different Caledonian thrust domains have all yielded protolith ages of c . 2 Ga. They are attributed to a major period of crust formation in the Palaeoproterozoic. The gneisses have been variably affected by Caledonian deformation and metamorphism.
The February 14, 2013 Ilin-Tas (Abyi) earthquake (Mw=6.7), Northeast Yakutia
Authors: Shibaev Sergey , Kozmin Boris , Imaev Valeriy , Imaeva Lyudmila , Petrov Anatoliy , Starkova Nyurgustana
Published: April 2020

Information on the strong Ilin-Tass (Abyi) earthquake recorded on February 14, 2013, in Northeastern Yakutia with Мw.=6.7 is provided. It arose to the Chersky seismotectonic zone (SZCH), which is part of the Arctic-Asian seismic belt that separates the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates in Northeast Asia. The intensity of the shock at the epicenter corresponded to 9. The instrumental and macroseismic data, the focal mechanism, and the seismotectonic situation in the epicenter region are analyzed. The interconnections of the earthquake with the large regional Ilin-Tass fault are established. It is concluded that the occurrence of the Ilin-Tass (Abyi) earthquake occurred as a result of thrust displacements along the mentioned fault during the collision of the Eurasian and North American plates under compression conditions.
“From School of Crisis to Distinguished”
Authors: Fisher Molly , Crawford Ben
Published: April 2020

Despite conditions that would work against a small and rural school in an impoverish rural area of the United States, Fairway Elementary School has managed to excel in its accountability measures. Through interviews with faculty, staff, teachers, students, and parents of children at Fairway Elementary School a model was developed through the lens of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. It was found that a new administrator at the school started with the physiological needs of the children and are now working within the esteem stage of Maslow’s Hierarchy. Details from each stage of the hierarchy are provided as a promising practice for other rural schools. Fairway Elementary continues to succeed in their efforts to improve not only student achievement, but the culture of their school within an impoverished community.
The Inaugural Year of the Whippoorwill Book Award for Rural YA Literature
Authors: The Whippoorwill Committee
Published: April 2020

About the Whippoorwill Award for excellence in young adult literature. List of this year's winners.
THE CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING STEM TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Jekri Aminah , Han Crispina Gregory K
Published: April 2020

STEM teaching and learning (T&L) has been introduced through the implementation of the Secondary School Standard Curriculum (KSSM) launched in 2017. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the challenges encounter by 128 science teachers implementing STEM T&L in secondary schools in Kota Kinabalu. The instrument used was Soal Selidik Aspek Pelaksanaan (SSAP) which contains 14 items. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS version 24.0 software. Descriptive analysis indicated that 63.8% of respondents agreed that the main challenge of implementing STEM T&L is teachers’ readiness. Further, research findings indicated that the challenge in implementing STEM T&L was at a moderate level (M = 3.43, SD = .395). Therefore, immediate action should be taken to overcome the challenges to ensure the STEM T&L can be implemented effectively.
Innovation in the cosmetic industry: a brief overview
Authors: Balanchuk I. S.
Published: April 2020

Cosmetics are not a modern invention. Civilization uses substances to change and enhance its appearance, or to emphasize certain features for at least 10,000 years, and possibly for much longer. It is believed that the first to begin using natural ingredients for body decoration were the ancient Egyptians. However, references to facials and body care as well as ways of enhancing appearance are found in the history of Ancient Rome, Normans and Vikings, and even, albeit slightly later, Kievan Rus. Because, naturally, a person has a desire to improve himself, to find new ways of expression in society. And today cosmetics play an important role in shaping modern humans and, as a result, societies around the world. There is a wide range of different cosmetics on the market, all with different combinations of ingredients, different formulations and a completely different manufacturing and packaging process. That is why describing and evaluating all cosmetics is unrealistic and unnecessary. The author suggests in this study to briefly review the history of the origin of the first cosmetics, ways of their use and transformation into a purposeful beauty industry. In addition, the study provides some statistics with information that will help reach the scale of the cosmetic industry in the modern world and identify the leading countries in terms of cosmetics companies, manufacturing and brands in their territory. The situation in the cosmetic industry in Ukraine has its positive and negative sides. A young, independent country has every chance of developing its cosmetic markets, but an immature political system and imperfect legislation are in every way hindering it. However, recent statistics show a steady, albeit slightly slower turnover in the domestic cosmetic market. The innovative component of the domestic cosmetic industry is still practically absent. Although it is hoped that young scientists — mainly students and talented youth — will be able to take the beauty industry to a new level in our country. This is evidenced by the latest data on new startup projects in the cosmetic and medical industries.
Experimental justification of the program of training of people’s teams in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
Authors: Elesina Irina , Guz Olga
Published: April 2020

the relevance of the presented research presentation in the form of an article is based on the needs of modern society in the institutions of people's vigilantes, which by their direct participation in the recent past provided significant support to state law enforcement and human rights, as well as a symbol of the unity of society and the state. The article is devoted to the substantiation of the experimental program developed in the course of the dissertation research, which is aimed at improving the efficiency of the process of training people's vigilantes in educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia on the basis of a practice-oriented approach. The program content has been developed by us based on the analysis of the present problems in the training of national guards in the educational institutions of the Ministry of internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, on the basis of which we aim to further improve the training of representatives of public associations of law enforcement focus, on the basis of educational institutions of Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, to conduct training of national guards on the basis of Federal law of 02.04.2014 No. 44- Federal law "about participation of citizens in protection of a public order", and The order of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia of August 18, 2014 N 696 regulating questions of preparation of national vigilantes to actions in the conditions connected with use of physical force, and first aid to citizens. In our research, we relied on a whole range of research methods, such as interviewing and observation, as well as methods of using independent assessments.
The implication to crime as a subject of criminal law research
Authors: Shesler Aleksander
Published: April 2020

At a meeting of the Council D 203.012.02 for the defense of dissertations for the degree of candidate of sciences, for the degree of doctor of sciences created on the basis of the Federal State Budget Institution for Higher Education “Saint-Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation”, on February 14, 2020, Dvorzhitskaya Marina Andreyevna defended her dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences on the topic "Responsibility for implication to crime in criminal law" in the specialty 12.00.08-criminal law and criminology; criminal executive law. The Dissertation Council, chaired by the chairman of the Dissertation Council D 203.012.02, Doctor of Law, Professor S. A. Denisov, decided that the dissertation of M. A. Dvorzhitskaya is a scientific qualification work, that is essential for the science of criminal law and complies with the requirements established by the Regulation on the awarding of scientific degrees. The Council decided to award M.A. Dvorzhitskaya the degree of candidate of legal sciences in the specialty 12.00.08.

The article is a review of the dissertation of the official opponent, in which the structure and content of M. A. Dvorzhitskaya's dissertation are analyzed.
Kualitas minuman serbuk instan sereh (Cymbopogon citratus) dengan metode foam mat drying
Authors: Ariska Septiani Budi , Utomo Deny
Published: April 2020

Lemongrass is still limited in use, namely more often for cooking ingredients. Lemongrass contains bioactive compounds that are beneficial to the body. This study aims to determine the quality of instant lemongrass powder drink with foam mat drying method. The method used in the study of instant lemongrass powder is the experimental design used was a factorial randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 2 factors, namely the concentration of maltodextrin (15%, 20%, and 30%) and the concentration of Tween80 (0.3% and 0 , 4%) so we get 6 treatment combinations. Each treatment was carried out 5 repetitions so that 30 trials were obtained. The tests included physicochemical (antioxidant, water content test, total dissolved solids, color test) and organoleptic tests (color, aroma, and taste). Data analysis was carried out using ANOVA. If significantly different, then proceed by using the Least Significant Difference test (BNT), organoleptic test using Friedman and to find the best treatment. The best results were found in the treatment of maltodextrin percentage 15% and tween 0.3% details of the results as follows: characteristics as follows color 3.04 (neutral / ordinary), aroma 3.6 (neutral / ordinary) and taste 4.12 (neutral / normal).
Análisis de la formación en medicina interna en Colombia
Authors: Cardona Jaiberth
Published: April 2020

En Colombia existe una brecha importante entre la oferta educativa de especializaciones médica y su demanda en los servicios de salud de diferente complejidad. Esto constituye un grave problema en el caso de la medicina interna, dada su importancia en el manejo clínico de pacientes y enfermedades complejas, su interdependencia con todas las especializaciones y sus impactos sobre la morbilidad, mortalidad, discapacidad, calidad de vida y satisfacción con la atención de los pacientes y sus familiares.

En tal sentido, este estudio, retomando algunos elementos de la economía de la salud, desarrolla cuatro tópicos: i) la introducción que destaca la importancia de la medicina interna en el marco de las leyes en salud de colombia y precisa una definición que le brinda especificidad e identidad a esta especialización, ii) análisis de la oferta y la demanda de esta especialización, iii) impactos o desenlaces en salud atribuibles a la presencia de médicos internistas y iv) a manera de conclusión, se discuten elementos que vindican la necesidad de mejorar la oferta educativa en este campo.
Sarcopenia y fragilidad en pacientes hospitalizados en salas de medicina interna
Authors: Martínez-Calvache Veline , Herrera-Peña Ángela , Carrera-Gil Frank
Published: April 2020

Introducción: La Sarcopenia y la fragilidad son síndromes clínicos de riesgo mutuo e indicadores de desenlaces adversos. Actualmente no hay datos en Latinoamérica sobre la prevalencia de estas condiciones en pacientes hospitalizados.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y características clínicas de los pacientes de 65 años o más con Sarcopenia en salas de medicina interna.

Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal. Incluyó hombres y mujeres de 65 años o más. Se aplicaron criterios de la EWGSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People) y PRISMA 7 para la determinación de Sarcopenia y fragilidad respectivamente.

Resultados: De 124 pacientes, 41.13% tenían Sarcopenia, 34.68% fragilidad y las 2 condiciones 18.55%. La mediana de edad fue 74 años, 50.8% mujeres y 49.2% hombres.

Conclusión: La Sarcopenia y la fragilidad tienen una alta prevalencia en nuestra población, cifras superiores a las reportadas en la literatura disponible. Estudios posteriores podrán determinar el efecto de estas condiciones en desenlaces clínicos y costos.
El Estrés familiar y el desempeño laboral de la secretaria
Authors: Davila Sabando Ruben Alejandro , García Rodríguez Reynier , Toromoreno Romero Angela Daniela
Published: April 2020

La secretaria se la suele conocerse como Auxiliar Administrativo ya que es alguien muy importante dentro de una empresa, No solo es esa persona que tiene que cumplir las órdenes directas del jefe, con tener conocimientos administrativos, atender el teléfono y poseer simpatía. A lo largo del tiempo una secretaria debe de poseer una serie de cualidades y construir lazos de amistad, confianza y honestidad con los jefes, compañeros y clientes, y otras son fundamentales en esta profesión como la discreción, lealtad con la empresa y a ella mismo, ser disciplinada, proactiva y emprendedora. A pesar de todo esto conlleva a que se cargue de emociones y trabajo llegando a una situación de estrés que perjudica su salud. El objetivo de la investigación es: Relacionar el estrés familiar con el desempeño laboral en mujeres entre 28 a 30 años que trabajan como secretarias. El estudio fue cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo, se aplicó la técnica de encuestas para recopilar la información. También se realizó la búsqueda y selección de sustento teórico sobre las variables de dicho tema, para hacer una revisión más profunda y comprender como influye el desempeño de la secretaria en el desarrollo micro empresarial. Con esta investigación se analizó y determinó que el estrés afecta mucho a una secretaria, ya que ellas son la imagen principal de la empresa y cuando están estresadas dan una mala impresión al cliente. Las secretarias son la parte principal y fundamental de la empresa, ya que ellas no solo contestan el teléfono o atienden a los clientes, ellas ordenan y planifican todas las actividades diarias de su jefe y es por eso que debe expresar buena presencia, cortesía y amabilidad y generar un buen ambiente ya que es la primera persona con la que los clientes de la empresa se encuentran.
Negotiation Strategies and Constraints For Solo Female Travelers in Africa
Authors: Ngwira Cecilia , Tse Serene , Vongvisitsin Thanakarn
Published: April 2020

This article presents constraints of solo female travelers to Africa based on their blogs reflecting their pretravel and during-travel constraints and the negotiations they adopted to energize their desire to travel to and within African countries. The study employs netnographic research methodology to understand complex social phenomena and assist researchers in developing themes from female travel bloggers' experiences of solo travels to Africa. Using content analysis, the findings show that the constraints were mainly interpersonal, external, as well as intrapersonal. Family, friends, and the media presented solo women travelers with these constraints about Africa, which is perceived as a socially constructed "men's space." The study finds that despite these constraints, the bloggers felt adventurous and were satisfied with their African experience.
PELANGGARAN ETIKA BISNIS
Authors: Qomariyah Nurul
Published: April 2020

Violations of business ethics that occur at this time, become a problem in itself. One of the factors supporting the occurrence of these violations is due to lack of basic knowledge about business ethics and the freedom of business people in carrying out economic activities, as a result many business people are competing in improving market mechanisms, Business should be assessed from a moral standpoint, just like all other human activities also seen from a moral standpoint. Because when not looking at the moral aspect of doing business, business people only think about how to increase sales turnover, and not only increase turnover, but also do things that are not ethical, such as: bribery, corruption, collusion and nepotism, it makes people uneasy . Adverse effects that will occur if a company is immoral and enforces the norms that apply in business ethics then it can have an impact on consumers' distrust of their products and can complicate business development again.

Key words : Violation, Bussines ethic, case
Articulação entre os diferentes componentes da sustentabilidade agrícola
Authors: Weid Jean Marc van der
Published: April 2020

A definição de sustentabilidade na agricultura é bastante falha por não incluir o uso de recursos naturais não renováveis. Ao incluirmos na análise da sustentabilidade agrícola a disponibilidade futura de petróleo, gás, fósforo e potássio constataremos que o esgotamento do modelo agrícola oriundo da chamada “Revolução Verde” está muito próximo. Se incluirmos na equação os impactos diretos e indiretos deste modelo nos recursos naturais renováveis (solos, água e biodiversidade) e no clima, a sustentabilidade fica ainda mais discutível. Finalmente, se tratarmos dos impactos sociais do avanço deste modelo no campo (pelo esvaziamento) e nas cidades (pelo inchaço) teremos um quadro devastador e altamente perigoso para o futuro da humanidade.
A Theoretical Study of an Extended KDV Equation
Authors: Berjawi Marwa , Elarwadi Toufic , Israwi Samer
Published: April 2020

Discovered experimentally by Russell and described theoretically by Korteweg and de Vries, KdV equation has been a nonlinear evolution equation describing the propagation of weakly dispersive and weakly nonlinear waves. This equation received a lot of attention from mathematical and physical communities as an integrable equation. The objectives of this paper are: first, providing a rigorous mathematical derivation of an extended KdV equations, one on the velocity, other on the surface elevation, next, solving explicitly the one on the velocity. In order to derive rigorously these equations, we will refer to the definition of consistency, and to find an explicit solution for this equation, we will use the sine-cosine method. As a result of this work, a rigorous justification of the extended Kdv equation of fifth order will be done, and an explicit solution of this equation will be derived.
Pedogenic origin of Mezezo opal hosted in Ethiopian Miocene rhyolites
Authors: Ayalew Dereje , Pik Raphael , Gibson Sally , Yirgu Gezahegn , Ali Seid , Assefa Dereje
Published: April 2020

Opals are widespread within Miocene volcanic sequences in the North Shoa province of Central Ethiopia. The opal occurs as cavity fillings in a 5 m thick seam of glassy rhyolitic ignimbrite that is sandwiched between basaltic lava flows. The opals occur over a large area (>25 km2). X-ray diffraction analyses show that they are CT-type. The opals contain lower concentrations of trace elements (up to 100 times) than the host rhyolite. Ratios of most trace elements are, however, similar in both the opals and rhyolites. The opals have high δ18O values (28.4–33.8‰) that imply a low temperature of formation, between 20.55 and 25.74 °C. We therefore propose that the opals precipitated from meteoric waters that had percolated through and interacted with the host rhyolite. Field evidence indicates that this weathering and alteration occurred immediately after emplacement of the rhyolites, but prior to the extrusion of the overlying basalt flows.
Alkali sulfates with aphthitalite-like structures from fumaroles of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. II. A new mineral, natroaphthitalite, and new data on belomarinaite
Authors: Shchipalkina Nadezhda V. , Pekov Igor V. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Belakovskiy Dmitry I. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Koshlyakova Natalia N. , Britvin Sergey N. , Sidorov Evgeny G.
Published: April 2020

Natroaphthitalite K(Na,K)2Na(SO4)2, a new aphthitalite-group mineral, was found in exhalations of the active Arsenatnaya fumarole at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. The associated minerals are anhydrite, langbeinite, hematite, tenorite, sanidine, johillerite, tilasite, and belomarinaite. Natroaphthitalite occurs as translucent yellow to colorless roundish single-crystal individuals up to 1 cm in diameter, sometimes combined in crusts up to 2 cm across, and as aqua-transparent colorless tabular to lamellar hexagonal crystals up to 2 mm across, sometimes skeletal, typically combined in parallel intergrowths or brush-like aggregates. Dcalc is 2.664 g/cm3. Natroaphthitalite is optically uniaxial (+), ω = 1.488(2), ε = 1.490(2). The chemical composition (wt.%, electron microprobe) is: Na2O 22.54, K2O 26.39, SO3 51.78, total 100.71. The empirical formula calculated based on 8 O apfu is K1.735Na2.252S2.002O8 (average of 15 spot analyses). The crystal structures of natroaphthitalite and the associated aphthitalite-group mineral belomarinaite, ideally KNaSO4, from the Arsenatnaya fumarole were solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and refined to R1 = 0.0283 and 0.0261, respectively. The unit-cell parameters, Z, and space groups are a = 5.6014(3), c = 7.1507(5) Å, V = 194.30(2) Å3, Z = 1, and for natroaphthitalite and a = 5.6088(3), c = 7.1858(4) Å, V = 195.77(1) Å3, Z = 2, and P3m1 for belomarinaite. The crystal chemical formulae of natroaphthitalite and belomarinaite (Z = 1) are XK1.00Y(Na1.28K0.72)Σ2.00MNa1.00(TSO4)2 and XK1.00Y1(Na0.96K0.04)Σ1.00Y2(K0.94Na0.06)Σ1.00MNa1.00(TSO4)2, respectively. Natroaphthitalite is isostructural with aphthitalite K3Na(SO4)2 = XKYK2MNa(TSO4)2 (both have centrosymmetric structures) with prevailing Na over K at the Y site of the crystal structure. Belomarinaite XKY2KY1NaMNa(TSO4)2 is the fully cation-ordered species, with acentric structure, in the series of natural aphthitalite-like K-Na sulfates.