bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MONITOREO DE LA ABUNDANCIA DE GUACAMAYOS DURANTE DIEZ AÑOS EN LA CUENCA MEDIA DEL RÍO SAMIRIA, LORETO, PERÚ
Authors: ORBE ALVAN Segundo Artidoro , LÓPEZ-ROJAS Jhon Jairo , BODMER Richard E. , LÓPEZ ROJAS Carlos Marcial
Published: February 2021

Los cambios climáticos que se han producido en las últimas décadas han influenciado en las tendencias y fluctuaciones poblacionales de muchas especies amazónicas, incluyendo los guacamayos. Entre 2006 y 2015, se cuantificaron guacamayos en la cuenca media del río Samiria en Perú. Los conteos por puntos distribuidos a lo largo de ocho transectos acuáticos en los sectores de Tacshacocha y Huishtococha se aplicaron durante los períodos de creciente y vaciante del río, para determinar la abundancia de guacamayos y los posibles cambios debido a eventos climáticos. Un total de 4225 pseudoréplicas en 72 estaciones de puntos de conteo resultaron en 65 149 avistamientos de guacamayos. Registramos cinco especies: Orthopsittaca manilatus, Ara ararauna, Ara severus, Ara chloropterus y Ara macao. Los resultados mostraron una alta consistencia durante los diez años, siendo O. manilatus la especie más abundante y, A. chloropterus y A. macao, entre las especies más raras; ambos grupos muestran diferencias entre Tacshacocha y Huishtococha. La población de los guacamayos fluctuó a lo largo de los años. Las especies A. ararauna, A. severus y A. macao, tuvieron una disminución en sus poblaciones, sin embargo, esta tendencia no fue significativa y sus poblaciones se han mantenido estables durante la última década. Orthopsittaca manilatus y A. chloropterus fueron las únicas especies cuyas poblaciones han aumentado en comparación con las evidencias de clima seco generadas en el 2010, debido a la estacionalidad de los niveles de agua de los ríos Marañón y Amazonas.
Causal Paths in Temporal Networks of Face-to-Face Human Interactions
Authors:   ENEA - Energy Technologies Department, ICT HPC Lab, Funel Agostino
Published: February 2021

In a temporal network, causal paths are characterized by the fact that links from a source to a target must respect the chronological order. In this paper we study the causal paths structure in temporal networks of face-to-face human interactions in different social contexts. In a static network, paths are transitive; that is, the existence of a link from a to b and from b to c implies the existence of a path from a to c via b. In a temporal network, the chronological constraint introduces time correlations that affect transitivity. A probabilistic model based on higher-order Markov chains shows that correlations that can invalidate transitivity are present only when the time gap between consecutive events is larger than the average value and are negligible below such a value. The comparison between the densities of the temporal and static accessibility matrices shows that the static representation can be used with good approximation. Moreover, we quantify the extent of the causally connected region of the networks over time.
Barriers in the use of nicotine as a tobacco harm reduction tool
Authors: Król Grzegorz
Published: February 2021

At the beginning of the 21st century the scientific and technological advancement forced a change in the way of thinking about nicotine; it also enabled the harmfulness of various types of nicotine delivery products to be analysed, which constitutes an essential step towards the determination of the continuum of risk of tobacco products. The availability of products with various levels of harmfulness enables one to take a complete set of actions towards smokers which include both those aiming at complete smoking cessation and those based on the idea of harm reduction, i.e. the protection of third parties from the harmful effects of tobacco smoke and risk minimisation for individuals who are not able to quit nicotine completely. Harm reduction actions are hampered by a number of barriers: (a) stereotypes regarding the harmfulness of e-cigarettes, (b) imperfect legislation and market regulation, (c) lack of trust and dialogue between the key groups which influence the nicotine products market and (d) unused potential of financial motivation in tobacco users. In the 21st century one billion people can die prematurely as a result of smoking-related diseases. In order to prevent this, it is essential to remove the barriers mentioned above, take advantage of the complete spectrum of the latest research on nicotine and reduced-risk nicotine products and take all available measures, including harm reduction techniques.
Health aspects of lighting used in households
Authors: Janosik Elżbieta
Published: February 2021

Light and its practical application in the form of lighting plays an important role in human life, because it generates visual impressions, shapes mental experiences and the rhythm of vital functions. The way in which light determines visual capabilities and physiological reactions depends on the properties of the interacting light stimuli. The article presents the ways of its influence on human beings, quantitative and qualitative lighting parameters shaping the visual conditions and the light climate in the interiors were discussed, and possible negative health effects of deficiency or excess light stimuli in the environment were underlined. The advantages and disadvantages of modern lighting sources used for housing lighting have also been approached, taking into account the ecological aspect. Because light affects the efficiency of vision, well-being, and even human health, good lighting can be considered as a basic need in our everyday life. The reduction of damages caused by incorrect lighting conditions can be achieved by following the recommendations given in this article and using the instructions given by the interior lighting creators.
Perfil da assistência prestada por enfermeiras obstetras ao parto e nascimento em um centro de saúde materno-infantil do Recife
Authors: De Lima Géssica Kyvia Soares , De Araújo Viviane Maria Gomes , Dos Santos Isly Talita Santana , De Andrade Bárbara Bruna Fernandes , De Sousa Raine Danyele Vieira , De Barros Joanna Francyne Silva , Dos Santos Camila Carvalho , Silva Letícia de Santana , Costa Duana Gabrielle de Lemos , Dos Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil da assistência prestada por enfermeiras obstetras ao parto e nascimento num Centro de Parto Normal (CPN) Intra-hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo documental, retrospectivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado no CPN de uma instituição filantrópica, em Recife. Foram analisados no Programa SPSS 20.0 os dados de 424 parturientes e seus recém-nascidos, registrados em planilhas e livros, no período de agosto de 2018 a agosto de 2019. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa Resultados: As parturientes (74,05%) tinham entre 25 e 35 anos e eram secundíparas ou multíparas (53,06%). Tiveram acompanhante (98,34%), assistência com acesso a partograma (57,02%), uso de exercícios de respiração, banho morno e massagem, e partos verticalizados (91,74%). Não houve laceração perineal em 21,69%; nas que apresentaram, predominou as de 1º grau (52,83%). Nenhuma parturiente foi submetida à episiotomia, e mais de 80,0% não receberam intervenções obstétricas. Os recém-nascidos tiveram clampeamento tardio do cordão (89,37%), contato pele a pele (96,22%), respeito à hora dourada (89,07%) e Apgar entre 7 e 10 no 1º minuto (95,51%) e 5º minuto (99,52%). Conclusão: Esse CPN apresenta como perfil uma assistência embasada em evidências científicas atuais, alcançando resultados obstétricos e neonatais favoráveis.
Change in choices regarding the residency of Turkish medical students during the course of medical education
Authors: EKMEKCİ Perihan , KURTOĞLU Berra , GÜNER Müberra Devrim
Published: February 2021

Background: Medical students’ choices depend on their moral values and expectations from their future profession. Although this choice is a personal one it has impacts on the health system. In Turkey, the misdistribution of doctors by specialty has become a significant problem and a risk for the sustainability of the health provision system.Objectives: The aims were to understand how medical students’ up-to-date perceptions and choices of specialization change during their educations, and which moral values have an impact on this process. Material and Methods: An online survey was conducted on 706 medical students. The questionnaire included questions on specialization, career aspirations, the national examination on specialization in medicine (SIM), and compulsory service. After the analysis of this survey, 2 focus groups with a total number of 19 were conducted for further analysis of the data that was collected previously. 50 minutes-long focus group discussions were held on campus between October 24 and October 25, 2019. Findings: Almost all students (98.81%) stated they are planning to get specialty training. Most of the clinical phase students’ (74.01%) specialty preference has changed compared to their first year at medical school. They explained during the focus group sessions that this change was because of their internships during the clinical stage phase (4th, 5th, and 6th year). Significantly more male students stated “financial reasons” as their reason for undergoing specialty training (p=0.016). Focus-group discussions revealed the fact that first three year students tend to choose surgical specialties more, but last three years students tend to choose medical sciences considering their standard of living. Conclusion: We must acknowledge that medical students’ choices on specialization change from surgical specialties towards medical sciences during medical education due to the heavy workload, financial issues, malpractice lawsuits and mobbing. In order to prevent the misdistribution of doctors by specialty, improvement in work conditions should be made.
A Post-HF Approach to the Sunscreen Octyl Methoxycinnamate
Authors: Fois Ettore , Oriani Mario , tabacchi gloria
Published: February 2021

Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) is a commercial sunscreen with excellent UVB filter properties. However, it is known to undergo a series of photodegradation processes that decrease its effectiveness as UVB filter. In particular, the trans (E) form - which is considered so far the most stable isomer - converts to the cis (Z) form under the effect of light. In this work, by using post-Hartree-Fock approaches (CCSD, CCSD(t) and CCSD+T(CCSD)) on ground state OMC geometries optimized at the MP2 level we show that the cis and trans form of the gas-phase OMC molecule have comparable stability. Our results suggest that the cis form is stabilized by intra-molecular dispersion interactions, leading to a folded, more compact structure than the trans isomer.
Mercado de tierras en la Comunidad Campesina de Miluchaca – Sapallanga 2019
Authors: Huamán Pérez Francisca , Poma Castellanos Gualberto , Churampi Cangala Roberto Lider
Published: February 2021

La investigación titulada: Mercado de tierras en la Comunidad Campesina de Miluchaca – Sapallanga 2019, tuvo como objetivo Identificar los factores que facilitan la expansión del mercado de tierras en la Comunidad Campesina de Miluchaca – Sapallanga El método general que guió la investigación es el científico, el tipo de investigación es básica, enfoque de investigación cualitativo, nivel de investigación descriptivo, diseño de investigación fenomenológico hermenéutico, las técnicas fueron el análisis documental, la entrevista semi estructurada y la observación. Encontrándose que la expansión de mercado de tierras obedece a la demanda de tierras de parte de los inmigrantes para la construcción de viviendas fundamentalmente, para ello los dueños en este caso los ofertantes primero sanearon las propiedades y en seguida van vendiendo lotizando estas tierras a precios que el mercado impone. Finalmente, se concluye en que el mercado de tierras en la Comunidad Campesina de Miluchaca se viene expandiéndose de manera rápida por la demanda de los inmigrantes y por oferta de los propietarios por necesidades económicas. Estas tierras para entrar en el mercado tuvieron que ser saneado legitimándose la propiedad privada a favor de los posesionarios.
Capacidad de valoración de la credibilidad de noticias en estudiantes de comunicación social de una Universidad del Perú
Authors: Peceros García Fabrizio , Rafaele de la Cruz Mauro
Published: February 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la capacidad de los estudiantes de comunicación social de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos para valorar la credibilidad de noticias; así mismo, como objetivo específico es evaluar su capacidad por medio de la variable sexo, nivel de estudio y especialidad de la carrera. Acerca del método, fue de corte cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo, diseño no experimental y de tipo transversal, se usó dos noticias para la investigación, una falsa y otra real. Cómo técnica de recolección de datos se usó como instrumento el CRAAP test, la cual posee criterios relacionados al análisis de información. En los resultados se obtuvo que la capacidad de identificación de noticias de los estudiantes es regularmente aceptable (47,5%), la media fue mayor en la noticia verdadera (33,49) que en la noticia falsa (28,82); se encontraron diferencias en las medias según sexo (femenino 31,69 y masculino 30,57), nivel de estudios (básico 29,27, intermedio 30,37, avanzado 32,09), según estudios de especialidad (31,57) y generales (29,27). Como conclusión, los estudiantes de comunicación social presentan capacidad regularmente aceptable para valorar la credibilidad de la noticia, pudiendo diferenciar una noticia verdadera de una falsa, pero presentan complicaciones durante el proceso.
Los efectos del covid-19 en la economía de la población de la región Huancavelica, desde un enfoque de la dinámica de sistemas
Authors: Huincho Lapa Sergio , Sinche Crispín Fernando Viterbo
Published: February 2021

La economía de la población rural del Perú, a consecuencia del aislamiento social para controlar los efectos de la covid-19, fue la más afectada debido a la caída de la demanda y precio de productos agrícolas, generando pérdida de empleos y empeorando las condiciones de pobreza de la población. Con el objetivo de comprender los efectos de covid en la economía de la población y aproximar los efectos al año 2026, se construyó un modelo dinámico. Que permitió analizar la situación en tres escenarios: Primero, corresponde a una situación normal, sin covid-19. Segundo, corresponde a la situación generada por covid-19, y tercero, corresponde a los mecanismos que el gobierno establece para mejorar la situación generada por la pandemia. En conclusión, la pandemia generó la caída de la demanda de productos agrarios hasta -13%, y los precios hasta -40%; disminuyendo el empleo hasta -10% y aumento de la pobreza hasta más de 10%. Las aproximaciones al año 2026 indican, que la situación empeoraría si no se toma acciones urgentes, y los mecanismos implementados para aumentar la demanda y el precio de los productos agrarios, no tendrían resultados esperados en la recuperación de la economía de la región.
El ejercicio de la ciudadanía en época de la pandemia COVID–19 en la ciudad de Arequipa
Authors: Serruto Castillo Alison , Rivera Flores Víctor Alfonso , Vizcarra Tacca Alexis Francisco , Sana Chalco Fiorela Luz
Published: February 2021

El estudio tiene como objetivo conocer el impacto del estado de emergencia en el ejercicio de los derechos ciudadanos durante la pandemia COVID-19 en el periodo de marzo a noviembre del 2020 en la ciudad de Arequipa. La investigación utilizó una metodología mixta, haciendo uso de técnicas, tales como la revisión documental y una encuesta virtual a los ciudadanos Arequipeños mayores de 18 años, de tipo básico, nivel descriptivo, diseño no experimental de corte transversal. En lo que respecta a la muestra, se encuesto a un total de 384 personas. Entre los resultados más relevantes se muestra que los derechos restringidos que han generado mayor malestar en la población son los referidos a la libertad de reunión, libertad de tránsito y el derecho al trabajo. Y entre los derechos vulnerados no restringidos se encuentra los derechos de los niños y el de la igualdad entre individuos.
La negociación como proceso
Authors: Castellanos Herrera Silvio José
Published: February 2021

La negociación es una actividad inherente al ser humano, que se realiza prácticamente de manera cotidiana, aunque la misma no se internalice de forma consciente. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo, afianzar la idea de que la técnica de negociación debe abordarse en ambientes políticos, judiciales y extrajudiciales como vía ideal para la solución de conflictos de diversa índole, principalmente en aquellos donde el Estado juega un papel fundamental, como principal interesado en la paz, al prever su ordenamiento jurídico, todos los mecanismos que facilitan el desiderátum de una armónica convivencia, en el contexto de un contrato social.   Para esto se mostrará cómo surge la disciplina, en un tránsito que va desde la ´Teoría de Juegos´, pasando por la ´Teoría de Decisiones´, hasta llegar de manera sinérgica a una metodología que debe contemplarse de manera insoslayable, en todo conflicto abordado por el hombre. En este sentido, como metodología abordaremos la revisión bibliográfica en sus aspectos, constitucional, doctrinario y legal, para arribar a conclusiones tendentes al logro de la justicia y equilibrio social, en razón de que, como método, permite la promoción de conciertos que viabilizan, para las partes, el logro de sus aspiraciones de manera racional.
Responsabilidad social empresarial en el contexto del COVID-19
Authors: Quevedo Barros Manuel Rafael , Patiño Astudillo Rafael Jubencio , Vinueza Morales Silvia Ximena
Published: February 2021

La tragedia humana y las implicaciones económicas, sociales y ambientales producto de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causó un gran impacto en diversos sectores económicos a nivel mundial abriendo la posibilidad de aplicar estrategias relacionadas a la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE). Por lo cual, la principal finalidad del artículo es ofrecer una visión sobre el impacto de la enfermedad por coronavirus COVID-19 o SARS-CoV-2 en la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE), en relación a la práctica y generación de oportunidades orientadas a sobrellevar desafíos sociales y ambientales globales para la administración de las organizaciones desarrolladas en el contexto de la pandemia. Concluyendo que el trabajo conjunto entre lo económico, social y ambiental promueve la generación de beneficios a las empresas y la sociedad, donde, la crisis por la pandemia promueve un cambio en la visión y enfoque de las organizaciones para participar activamente de iniciativas de RSE a un corto y largo plazo.
Propuesta para la elaboración del perfil psicológico del niño peruano
Authors: Orellana Méndez Gaspar , Ayala Cárdenas Walter
Published: February 2021

El articulo constituye una propuesta, teórica y metodológica para la construcción del perfil psicológico del niño peruano. Necesidad que surge después de publicar el libro de Psicología del niño en 1994 y la preocupación por los espontáneos y reincidentes cambios en el currículo educativo de la educación inicial y primaria en nuestro país. La propuesta parte de asumir una concepción dialectico materialista de la psicología científica y de teoría histórico cultural de Vygotsky sobre del desarrollo psicológico humano y del niño. También se presenta una síntesis de los estudios realizados sobre temas relacionados a la psicología del niño peruano dese 1940 hasta el año 1991. Se concluye que esta tarea será posible con una política nacional de investigación sobre la psicología del niño peruano, la implementación de una base de datos nacional de las investigaciones realizadas sobre el tema y la elaboración de una síntesis de la psicología del niño peruano a partir de los estudios realizados por lo menos 10 años atrás.
CLOSED NEWTON-COTES CUBATURE SCHEMES FOR TRIPLE INTEGRALS WITH ERROR ANALYSIS
Authors: Malik Kamran
Published: February 2021

Most of the problems in applied sciences in engineering contain integrals, not only in one dimension but also in higher dimensions. The complexity of integrands of functions in one variable or higher variables motivates the quadrature and cubature approximations. Much of the work is focused on the literature on single integral quadrature approximations and double integral cubature schemes. On the other hand, the work on triple integral schemes has been quite rarely focused. In this work, we propose the closed Newton-Cotes-type cubature schemes for triple integrals and discuss consequent error analysis of these schemes in terms of the degree of precision and local error terms for the basic form approximations. The results obtained for the proposed triple integral schemes are in line with the patterns observed in single and double integral schemes. The theorems proved in this work on the local error analysis will be a great aid in extending the work towards global error analysis of the schemes in the future.
THE MAXIMUM RANGE COLUMN METHOD – GOING BEYOND THE TRADITIONAL INITIAL BASIC FEASIBLE SOLUTION METHODS FOR THE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS
Authors: Kalhoro Huzoor Bux
Published: February 2021

The transportation problems (TPs) are a fundamental case-study topic in operations research, particularly in the field of linear programming (LP). The TPs are solved in full resolution by using two types of methods: initial basic feasible solution (IBFS) and optimal methods. In this paper, we suggest a novel IBFS method for enhanced reduction in the transportation cost associated with the TPs. The new method searches for the range in columns of the transportation table only, and selects the maximum range to carry out allocations, and is therefore referred to as the maximum range column method (MRCM). The performance of the proposed MRCM has been compared against three traditional methods: North-West-Corner (NWCM), Least cost (LCM) and Vogel’s approximation (VAM) on a comprehensive database of 140 transportation problems from the literature. The optimal solutions of the 140 problems obtained by using the TORA software with the modified distribution (MODI) method have been taken as reference from a previous benchmark study. The IBFSs obtained by the proposed method against NWCM, LCM and VAM are mostly optimal, and in some cases closer to the optimal solutions as compared to the other methods. Exhaustive performance has been discussed based on absolute and relative error distributions, and percentage optimality and nonoptimality for the benchmark problems. It is demonstrated that the proposed MRCM is a far better IBFS method for efficiently solving the TPs as compared to the other discussed methods, and can be promoted in place of the traditional methods based on its performance.
Analysis of Lesson Plans from Rwandan Physics Teachers
Authors: Ndihokubwayo Kizito , Ndayambaje Irénée , Uwamahoro Jean
Published: February 2021

Lesson planning is a crucial roadmap guiding the teacher before the implementation of the lesson. In the current study, we aimed at reviewing pedagogical documents used by Rwandan physics teachers. We gathered 32 lesson plans related to optics topics from five teachers and analyzed them using the lesson plan analysis protocol (LPAP) and lesson plan evaluation form (LPEF) jointly. We have found that teachers do not prepare these documents as required by the newly introduced competence-based curriculum. Teachers plan for low levels of Bloom's cognitive and affective taxonomy domains and do not follow effective inquiry techniques along the stages of the lesson activities. A detailed discussion on each teacher’s practice was provided, and we hope it can serve as a qualitative overview on teaching and learning planning for effective classroom implementation. Due to the importance of pedagogical documents on effective teaching, we went through a rigorous validation process and suggested a model lesson plan to be consulted by any physics teacher (please see Appendix C). We recommend that teachers consult this lesson plan and prepare accordingly before class.
How Adolescent Students with Disabilities and /or Complex Needs Perceive the Notion of Resilience: A Study in Greece and England
Authors: Georgiadi Maria , Plexousakis Stefanos , Josie Maitland , Kourkoutas Elias , Hart Angie
Published: February 2021

Adolescents with behavioral and learning difficulties are at increased risk in relation to psychological and social well-being. This study aimed to investigate the views and experiences of adolescent students, diagnosed with a variety of complex needs such as behavioral, emotional and learning difficulties, to explore potential risk and protective factors that they perceive can enable or constrain resilience. Participants in the study were adolescents both from the UK (n=12) and Greece (n=14), all of whom were receiving additional learning and psychological support in their school settings. A qualitative research design employed the ‘draw and write’ technique in addition to face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Data analysis identified the protective and risk factors that adolescents associated with resilience. Two distinct categories of protective factors emerged from the data: a) personal (positive thoughts, nutrition and achievements) and b) socio-ecological factors (significant others, activities, pets, places). Risk factors were also divided into two categories: a) personal (negative thoughts and feelings and health problems) and b) socio-ecological factors (relational problems). Findings highlight the complex interplay between personal and socio-ecological factors in building resilience in adolescents who are at increased risk in relation to psychological and social well-being.
PROGRESO SOCIAL Y RENDIMIENTO PARTICIPATIVO EN EL PERÚ
Authors: Zubia Mendoza Brenda Samantha , Vilca Colquehuanca Gustavo Luis
Published: February 2021

La relación de dependencia entre el bienestar social y la movilización en los espacios de participación ciudadana (rendimiento participativo) es una idea muy extendida entre los defensores de la democracia participativa; sin embargo, no ha sido suficientemente corroborada. En este estudio, el objetivo fue determinar el nivel de progreso social, del rendimiento participativo y evaluar la relación entre ellos, para el caso peruano en el 2016. Metodológicamente, se adoptó un diseño correlacional, con una muestra probabilística a nivel nacional de 319 distritos. En la medición del progreso social se utilizó la metodología del Índice de Progreso Social 2014 y para el rendimiento participativo se empleó la Evaluación de rendimientos y efectos movilizadores de mecanismos de participación ciudadana, aplicado al proceso de presupuesto participativo en el año 2016. Una vez realizada la medición de cada variable, se determinó su relación mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, el cual es una medida de asociación lineal recomendable para determinar la correlación entre variables que no tienen una distribución normal. Los resultados muestran que el progreso social y el rendimiento participativo en los distritos del Perú tienen una relación inversa en el año 2016, con un Rho de Spearman de - 0.54.
Analisis Kegiatan Belajar Seni Tari Anak-Anak Desa Sendangagung Pada Masa Pandemi Covid- 19
Authors: Rodliyah Siti , Sundari Riris Setyo , Arisyanto Prasena
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAKPandemi covid- 19 telah mengubah berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia saat ini, khususnya dalam dunia pendidikan. Sistem pembelajaran yang harus dilaksanakan secara daring di rumah masing-masing siswa. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut beberapa kegiatan ekstrakurikuler tidak dapat dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan, manfaat, dan kendala kegiatan belajar seni tari anak-anak Desa Sendangagung pada masa pandemi covid- 19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran tari di Desa Sendangagung dapat mengembangkan bakat dan minat anak dalam bidang tari. Melalui tari anak juga dilatih untuk mengenal dan mencintai budaya tari terutama tari daerah. Anak dilatih untuk tetap berkarya selama masa pandemi dan dapat melestarikan tari. Proses belajar tari memiliki kendala mengenai hasil akhir latihan yaitu pementasan yang dilaksanakan secara virtual. Kesulitan anak dalam memperagakan gerakan tari dan menyesuaikan tempo antara gerakan dan iringan tari merupakan kendala dalam proses latihan tari. Namun,  pelatih mempunyai cara tersendiri dalam mengatasi kesulitan anak dalam belajar tari.  Kata Kunci: pandemi covid- 19, pembelajaran daring, seni tari ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic has changed various aspects of human life today, especially in the world of education. A learning system that must be implemented online at each student's home. Based on these conditions some extracurricular activities cannot be carried out. This study aims to analyze the implementation, benefits, and constraints of the children of Sendangagung village's dance learning activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. The methods used in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that learning dance in Sendangagung Village could develop children's talents and interests in dance. Through dance, children are also trained to know and love dance culture, especially regional dance. Children are trained to keep working during the pandemic and can preserve dance. The process of learning dance has problems regarding the end result of the exercise, namely the performance which is carried out virtually. The difficulty of children in demonstrating dance movements and adjusting the tempo between movements and dance accompaniment is an obstacle in the dance practice process. However, coaches have their own way of overcoming children's difficulties in learning dance. Keywords : COVID-19 pandemic, online learning, the art of dance
Upaya Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Tema Sehat Itu Penting Peserta Didik Kelas 5 SD Negeri 1 Randusari Melalui Media Pembelajaran Peredaran Darah Berbasis Power Point
Authors: Rahayu H Vatri
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK              Dunia pengajaran dan pembelajaran memiliki peran sangat penting terhadap perkembangan peserta didik, maka dalam hal memudahkan pembelajaran bagi peserta didik adalah tugas utama guru, untuk itu guru tidak saja dituntut membuat suasana pembelajaran menjadi nyaman dan menarik, tetapi juga mampu meningkatkatkan hasil belajar yang maksimal.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan media pembelajaran Powerpoint dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar pada tema 4 Sehat itu Penting Sub Tema 1 Peredaran Darahku Sehat peserta didik kelas 5 sekaligus sebagai subjek penelitian, sedangkan objek dalam penelitian ini adalah penerapan media pembelajaran PowerPoint di SD Negeri 1 Randusari.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, dengan menerapkan 2 siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data diambil melalui observasi aktivitas guru dan peserta didik serta tes buatan guru, sementara teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik deskriptif kualitatif dengan persentase individual dan klasikal.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan yang telah dilakukan maka akhir dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sebelum dilakukan penelitian ketuntasan hasil belajar sebesar 27 %, pada siklus pertama sebesar 89 % dan pada siklus kedua sebesar 95 % ini berarti pembelajaran powerpoint dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas 5 SD Negeri 1 Randusari.  Kata kunci      :  Motivasi Belajar, Media Pembelajaran Powerpoint
Risk Identification and Analysis in a Transport Company as the Basis of the Organization's Insurance Program
Authors: Rucińska Danuta , Kucharska Anna
Published: February 2021

Business activity is exposed to market and individual threats of significant importance for its development. Responsible entrepreneurs should take actions focused on minimizing the impact of risk on the functioning of the organization and achieving market successes. Pilot studies confirmed the preferences of transport sector enterprises to limit potential risks at every stage of their operations. One of the solutions inrisk management is its transfer to the insurer. The purpose of the presented article is to identify the most important problems related to risk in a selected transport company as a basis for preparing aninsurance program ensuring optimal protection. For its implementation, an analysis of the business conditions of the audited entity was conducted, identification and analysis of possible risk was made, and scenarios of optimal protection were implemented through the application of a special risk management mechanism and its transfer to the insurer. The study is a contribution to selected issues and an attempt to present the results of the conducted research at the stage of creating a long-term offer of the insurance program as the protection of the enterprise against risk. The choice of the subject of research was intentional, as the entities providing TSL services are strongly threatened by the occurrence of risk in their operations.
Air Cargo Transportation in Poland - Trend Analysis and Forecast
Authors: Barczak Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Air freight transportation is the fastest developing branch of shipping services in Poland and Europe likewise. As the economy develops, demand for air freight is on the rise. Because of infrastructure insufficiencies, Polish airports rely on air cargo road feeder services (RFS). The aim of this paper is to analyze air freight transportation in Poland and to forecast air cargo traffic for the Chopin Airport in Warsaw for the years 2018 and 2019 using trend models. The data published by the Polish Civil Aviation Authority for the 2013–2017 period were applied. The analysis shows that thetransport accessibility of the Warsaw Airport significantly affects its overall passenger and cargo traffic. As the forecast suggests, the volume of cargo shipped by air through the Warsaw Airport will assume an upward trend.
The Impact of Congestion on the Costs of Public Transport in Starogard Gdański
Authors: Gierszewski Marek , Koźlak Aleksandra
Published: February 2021

Congestion in the urban transport network is common not only in large agglomerations, but also in medium-sized cities in all countries that are characterized by a high level of socio-economic development. Traffic congestion has negative impact on economic, social, and environment development. The costs of congestion are borne by all users of the transport system, both drivers, passengers, entities providing transport services, as well as enterprises using freight transport services.

The purpose of the article is to discuss the results of the study on the impact of congestion on the costs of public transport in a medium-sized city. The research method consisted in the analysis of vehicle road cards, fuel consumption statements for buses belonging to the Municipal Transport Company in Starogard Gdański and the examination of real bus travel times and the scale of delays caused by congestion on individual lines.

The analysis of the data shows that thecompany bears much higher costs of fuel consumption, and passengers are exposed to bus arrivals and departures inconsistently with the timetable, prompting them to opt out of public transport services. This results in lower revenues from ticket sales and deterioration of the company’s financial result.
ESCHATOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF RUSSIAN SPIRITUALISTS OF THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Maklakova Anastasia A.
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the correlation between eschatological and anthropological perspectives of Russian spiritualists on the example of their views on corporeity. According to spiritualists, the core eschatological event should come with the transfiguration of the human nature that was supposed to manifest itself through a complete replacement of ‘material’ body by the ‘subtle’ one. They regarded such development as an element of teleological evolutionary process that was attributed an eschatological significance. Spiritualists had dual attitude towards the body: on the one hand, the category of the ‘material’ had explicitly negative connotations in the spiritualistic discourse, but, on the other hand, ‘subtle’ bodies were not absolutely immaterial. The human body served as a scheme by which the cosmos was modelled, and this made itself evident in the use of organic metaphors by spiritualists. The outcome of the eschatological process was seen in the reunification of a cosmic organism. The human was pictured as able to transform itself by its own effort and thus to predetermine the outcome of the eschatological process, which was understood as an anthropocosmic process.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL DOCTRINES OF THE RUSSIAN THEOSOPHISTS OF THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Shevchuk Artem I.
Published: February 2021

The article suggests a typology of Russian theosophical anthropological theories of the early 20th century and offers an analysis of the root causes of disputes between theosophists on anthropological matters. Christian theosophists, who were critical about the Orientalist elements of theosophical doctrines, preferred to draw upon the Christian tradition, while synthesizing it with certain theosophical concepts. Russian theosophists, leaning towards the traditional theosophical doctrine, espoused the idea of universal nature of religious anthropology and often preferred the Oriental approach to anthropology. Nevertheless, they had regard to the Christianity and sought to homologate Oriental anthropology with the Christian one. Millennial expectations were common with the theosophists; they believed that a new era was approaching that would result in a change of the human nature. Many of them reckoned that the human nature could be transformed through spiritual practices. Like many other advocates of Esotericism of those times, theosophists engaged scientific concepts to justify their anthropological views and referred to experimental evidences that would allow revealing the Invisible. For all of their differences, theosophical approaches to anthropology had some shared features and reflected the trends that were common in that age
Produksi Biogas dari Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit dengan Menggunakan Reaktor Unggun Tetap tanpa Proses Pretreatment
Authors: Wiharja Wiharja , Winanti Widiatmini Sih , Prasetiyadi Prasetiyadi , Sitomurni Amita Indah
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) resulted from the palm oil industry is a potential resource for biogas production. In this study, POME was processed by utilizing microbes in an anaerobic condition using a fixed bed reactor. This study aimed at providing alternative processing of POME into biogas at the most optimum biogas yield without any pretreatment, taking advantage of POME conditions generated from the production process at the average temperature of 55 – 60 °C. In the anaerobic process, temperature conditions have a significant effect on bacteria's performance to degrade organic matter. In thermophilic conditions, bacteria deteriorate organic substrates more actively than in mesophilic states. This research proved that using fixed bed reactor technology to treat POME without pretreatment has generated biogas at the yield of 25.43 liters/liter of POME production. Applying this technology also demonstrated that investment and operating costs are cheaper due to having no mixing tank and fewer chemicals applications for the neutralization process.
Keywords: biogas, fixed bed reactor, POME, pretreatment, thermophilic
 
ABSTRAK
Proses pengolahan POME dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan proses fermentasi anaerobik yaitu memanfaatkan kerja bakteri anaerobik untuk memproduksi biogas. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan alternatif pengelolaan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit yang dapat menghasilkan biogas yang paling optimal tanpa melakukan pretreatment. Proses yang dipilih disesuaikan dengan kondisi panas POME yang keluar proses yaitu sekitar 55 - 60 oC. Kondisi temperatur sangat berpengaruh nyata terhadap kinerja bakteri pendegradasi bahan organik di dalam limbah cair dalam proses anaerobik. Pada kondisi termofilik bakteri lebih aktif dibandingkan pada kondisi mesofilik. Melalui penelitian ini, dapat diketahui bahwa dengan menggunakan teknologi reaktor fixed bed untuk mengolah POME tanpa adanya pretreatment, biogas tetap dapat diperoleh dengan perolehan rata rata 25,43 liter per liter POME. Dengan menggunakan teknologi ini biaya investasi dan operasi akan lebih murah dikarenakan tidak memerlukan bak pencampur dan penggunaan bahan kimia untuk proses netralisasi.
Kata kunci: Biogas, reaktor fixed bed, POME, pretreatment, termofilik
Kajian Timbulan dan Komposisi Sampah di Kampus Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung (Itenas)
Authors: Gumilar Geany Sharah , Ainun Siti
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Educational institutions are places to conduct research and innovation to improve the quality of an independent environment. This study aims to determine the amount of waste generation and composition of institutions, especially the Bandung National Institute of Technology (Itenas). The sampling method is based on SNI 19-3964-1994 by measuring the production and composition of waste for eight consecutive days. The study results obtained an average generation of Itenas waste of 0.015 kg/m2/day or 0.156 kg/person/day in units of weight and 0.242 liters/m2/day or 2.446 liters/person/day in units of volume. The composition of Itenas waste is dominated by organic waste by 50.78%, which consists of food scraps and leaves, while other waste compositions include 14.09% plastic; 4.54% cardboard; 2.33% paper; 1.93% fabric; 1.21% glass; 0.08% cans; 0.03% metal; and 24.99% residue or other waste. The highest activities that produce organic waste in Itenas are canteen activities, while the Student Center (SC) activities make the highest amount of recyclable waste.
Keywords: institutional solid waste, solid waste generation, waste composition, Bandung National Institution of Technology (Itenas)
 
ABSTRAK
Institusi pendidikan adalah tempat untuk melakukan penelitian dan inovasi untuk meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan yang mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan besaran timbulan dan komposisi sampah dari institusi khususnya Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung (Itenas). Metode sampling yang dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 19-3964-1994 dengan cara melakukan pengukuran timbulan dan komposisi sampah selama 8 hari berturut-turut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata timbulan sampah Itenas sebesar 0,015 kg/m2/hari atau 0,156 kg/orang/hari dalam satuan berat dan 0,242 liter/m2/hari atau 2,446 liter/orang/hari dalam satuan volume. Komposisi sampah Itenas didominasi oleh sampah organik sebesar 50,78% yang terdiri dari sisa makanan dan dedaunan, sedangkan komposisi sampah lainnya antara lain 14,09% plastik; 4,54% kardus; 2,33% kertas; 1,93% kain; 1,21% kaca; 0,08% kaleng; 0,03% logam; dan 24,99% residu atau sampah lainnya. Kegiatan yang paling tinggi menghasilkan sampah organik di Itenas adalah kegiatan kantin sedangkan kegiatan Student Center (SC) menghasilkan sampah daur ulang yang paling tinggi.
Kata kunci: sampah institusi, timbulan sampah, komposisi sampah, Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung (Itenas)
Modifikasi Pakan Larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) sebagai Upaya Percepatan Reduksi Sampah Buah dan Sayuran
Authors: Rofi Danny Yusufiana , Auvaria Shinfi Wazna , Nengse Sulistiya , Oktorina Sarita , Yusrianti Yusrianti
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae treatment is one of the organic waste processing alternatives considered to have a faster process than the other organic waste processes. However, in solid organic waste processing, BSF larvae ability to reduce organic waste is relatively low. This research aims to know the optimum waste reduction index of fruit and vegetable waste with the feed modification of fruits and vegetables' waste, analyze the Efficiency of Conversion of Digested food of BSF larvae, and know the survival rate of BSF larvae. This research used an experimental method with four reactors containing 200 larvae on each reactor. Larvae used in this research were aged 7-18 days. A different larva is fed to each reactor with rate of 100mg/larva per day. The feed are vegetables, steamed vegetables, fruit, and fermented fruit. The frequency of feeding was once a day, and weight reduction from the treatment was measured daily. Reduction results in the vegetable waste, steamed vegetables, fruit, fermented fruit were 45.29%, 42.92%, 33.75%, and 46.25%, respectively. According to the results, the reduction of fruits and vegetables' waste using optimum BSF larvae reached 46.25% in fermented fruit feed treatment.
Keywords: BSF larvae, reduction, organic waste, fruit waste, modification
 
ABSTRAK
Larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) merupakan salah satu alternatif pengolahan sampah organik yang dinilai lebih cepat daripada pengolah sampah organik lainnya. Namun dalam pengolahan sampah organik yang padat, kemampuan larva BSF dalam mereduksi sampah organik cukup rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui reduksi optimum sampah organik buah dan sayuran dengan modifikasi komposisi umpan sampah buah dan sayuran, untuk menganalisis konversi pakan yang dapat dicerna larva BSF, dan mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan hidup larva BSF. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental menggunakan empat reaktor yang berisi 200 ekor larva pada setiap reaktornya. Larva yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berumur 7-18 hari. Setiap reaktor diberikan umpan larva yang berbeda dengan laju pengumpanan 100mg/larva per hari. Umpan tersebut, di antaranya sayuran, sayuran dikukus, buah, dan buah difermentasi. Frekuensi pemberian umpan dilakukan satu hari sekali dan pengurangan berat umpan dari perlakukan yang diberikan diukur setiap hari. Hasil reduksi pada sampah sayuran, sayuran dikukus, buah, buah difermentasi  masing-masing: 45,29%, 42,92%, 33,75%, dan 46,25%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, reduksi sampah organik buah dan sayuran dengan larva BSF optimum, mencapai 46,25% pada perlakuan umpan buah fermentasi.
Kata kunci: larva BSF, sampah organik, sampah buah, sampah sayuran, modifikasi
Pytochemical screening and evaluation antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of Ficus carica
Authors: Hakima Belattar , Himour Sara , Yahia Abdelouahab
Published: February 2021

Fig tree (Ficus carica Linn.) was appreciated as food and for its medicinal properties, it grows in Mediterranean region, and it is admirably adapted to the conditions of Algeria. The use of natural resources to treat and cure diseases is an old and still widespread method. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity that exists through methanolic extracts of fig leaves grown in the Algerian environment. Antibacterial assay was carried out via disc diffusion method to measure the diameter of the zone of inhibition on the Müller-Hinton agar plate against four selected bacteria strains Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia (Gram negative), in addition to the detection of some active compounds was carried out by phychemical screening. The result obtained showed that F. carica extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannin, alkaloids. The presence of secondary metabolites made in these extracts is the cause of the observed antimicrobial potential. Consequently, all extracts exhibited the bactericidal effect towards the bacteria tested, while the crude extract of methanol was active against Gram positive bacteria more than Gram negative bacteria. In this study, the potential for development of alternative antibiotics derived from the methalonic extract of fig leaves was highlighted.