bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Success comes before work only in dictionary: role of job autonomy for intrapreneurial behaviour using trait activation theory
Authors: Alam Muhammad Zubair , Rafiq Muhammad , Alafif Adnan Mohammed , Nasir Sobia , Bashir Jawad
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Using trait activation theory (TAT), this paper aims to empirically assess that work drive (WD) personality characteristics of employees will express better towards intrapreneurial behaviour (IB) outcomes in higher levels of job autonomy (JA) at the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

Using cross-sectional design, a total of 258 engineering employees from the automotive industry of Pakistan were surveyed. The partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) statistical method was used to evaluate the hypothesised theoretical model.

Findings

Statistical results revealed a significant and positive relationship between WD and IB. WD personality was also found to be activated with its interplay with JA for personality expression towards IB.

Practical implications

The present study offers a deeper insight into the interplay of organisational and individual factors as determinants of IB of employees. The study's findings suggested the importance of the rightful application of organisational situational cues in person–situation interaction for positive workplace behaviours by employees. Personality assessment of employees and their interplay with situational cues, as per conceptualisation of TAT, can assist the corporations towards enhanced levels of employees' behavioural tendencies towards intrapreneurship.

Originality/value

The application of TAT from the present study's perspective is novel theoretically as the literature on the activation of personality traits towards IB outcomes is non-existent. Also, the assessment of situational cues in JA will open avenues for organisational behaviour researchers to seek more organisational situational moderators for their assessment of various personality–outcome relationships in diverse contexts to activate personality traits.
Market participation, market impact and marketing efficiency: an integrated market research on smallholder paddy farmers from Eastern India
Authors: Dey Shiladitya , Singh Piyush Kumar
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The study aims to analyze the impact of market participation on small paddy farmers' income and consumption expenditure. The study also estimates various determinants affecting the market participation of smallholders. Further, the study computes the efficiency of different paddy marketing channels and identifies the determinants that impact the marketing channel selection of paddy growers in Eastern India.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used the propensity score matching (PSM) approach to measure the impact of market participation on farm income and per capita consumption. Further, the study employed Acharya and Aggarwal's composite index approach to estimate the marketing efficiency of various paddy marketing channels. Further, a multinomial logit model was used to determine the marketing channel selection constraints.

Findings

The outcomes indicate that market participation positively impacts farm income and consumption expenditure. Education, membership in farmers' organizations, price information and distance to the marketplace significantly affect farmers' market participation. The results show that the producer–retailer marketing channel is the most efficient compared to others. However, most paddy farmers sell paddy to farmgate collectors due to a lack of market information, vehicle ownership, storage system, and inability to take the risk of venturing out of the farmgate into markets.

Research limitations/implications

The study uses primary data and captures only farmers' perspectives to measure the impact of market participation, marketing channel efficiency and determinants for market channel selection. The other stakeholder's perceptions can be included in future studies.

Originality/value

Rarely does any study identifies the efficiency of different marketing channels for paddy farmers in India and includes cognitive factors like risk perception and trust in buyers as constraints for market channel selection.
Designing multivariable PI controller with multi-response optimization for a pilot plant binary distillation column: a robust design approach
Authors: Bhat Vinayambika S. , Indiran Thirunavukkarasu , Selvanathan Shanmuga Priya , Bhat Shreeranga
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose and validate a robust industrial control system. The aim is to design a Multivariable Proportional Integral controller that accommodates multiple responses while considering the process's control and noise parameters. In addition, this paper intended to develop a multidisciplinary approach by combining computational science, control engineering and statistical methodologies to ensure a resilient process with the best use of available resources.

Design/methodology/approach

Taguchi's robust design methodology and multi-response optimisation approaches are adopted to meet the research aims. Two-Input-Two-Output transfer function model of the distillation column system is investigated. In designing the control system, the Steady State Gain Matrix and process factors such as time constant (t) and time delay (?) are also used. The unique methodology is implemented and validated using the pilot plant's distillation column. To determine the robustness of the proposed control system, a simulation study, statistical analysis and real-time experimentation are conducted. In addition, the outcomes are compared to different control algorithms.

Findings

Research indicates that integral control parameters (Ki) affect outputs substantially more than proportional control parameters (Kp). The results of this paper show that control and noise parameters must be considered to make the control system robust. In addition, Taguchi's approach, in conjunction with multi-response optimisation, ensures robust controller design with optimal use of resources. Eventually, this research shows that the best outcomes for all the performance indices are achieved when Kp11 = 1.6859, Kp12 = −2.061, Kp21 = 3.1846, Kp22 = −1.2176, Ki11 = 1.0628, Ki12 = −1.2989, Ki21 = 2.454 and Ki22 = −0.7676.

Originality/value

This paper provides a step-by-step strategy for designing and validating a multi-response control system that accommodates controllable and uncontrollable parameters (noise parameters). The methodology can be used in any industrial Multi-Input-Multi-Output system to ensure process robustness. In addition, this paper proposes a multidisciplinary approach to industrial controller design that academics and industry can refine and improve.
Audit partner gender and the COVID-19 pandemic: the impact on audit fees and key audit matters
Authors: Murphy Peter , McLaughlin Craig , Elamer Ahmed A.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on audit fees and the reporting of key audit matters (KAMs). Additionally, this study also looks into potential differences in the behavior of male and female audit partners during this period, adding to the existing research on gender's effect on different elements of the audit process.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a sample of all FTSE 350 firms from before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the pandemic. It analyzed the data using Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis to test its hypotheses.

Findings

This paper provides early evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on audit fees and KAM disclosures in the UK. The results of this study show an increase in audit fees during the pandemic and greater detail in the reporting of KAMs, with no significant difference between male and female audit partners. These findings will be of interest to audit firms and regulators as they assess the performance of auditors during the pandemic and evaluate the expanded audit report's effectiveness in providing sufficient information to financial statement users.

Originality/value

This study provides first-of-its-kind empirical evidence on how auditors in the UK reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study will be of interest to audit firms, regulators, such as the Financial Reporting Council, and other stakeholders as they evaluate the performance of auditors during the crisis period. The results will help regulators assess the effectiveness of the expanded audit report in providing sufficient information during a time of heightened risk and scrutiny.
Accelerating sustainability through better reporting
Authors: An Esther
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to review and discuss City Developments Limited (CDL)’s 15-year sustainability reporting journey with GRI Standards as core for its blended reporting framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on the knowledge and experience of the company’s reporting team from the perspective of CDL’s Chief Sustainability Officer.

Findings

To future-proof businesses against climate crisis and achieve relevant sustainable development goals, companies need to be committed to goal setting, tracking and reporting Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) performance for sustained growth. A robust and rigorous approach to sustainability reporting that incorporates both value and impact allows organisations to identify material ESG issues and determine risks and opportunities that will help organisations to enhance strategy and practices for long-term resilience and business growth.

Practical implications

This paper can help businesses to understand that the rising climate change agenda has led to substantial emphasis being placed on climate-related standards and disclosures.

Social implications

Businesses cannot manage without measuring performance. Reporting is critical for businesses to effectively integrate sustainability into their business strategy and operations to accelerate action towards a low-carbon economy.

Originality/value

This paper addresses the development of sustainability reporting trends and the benefits and challenges of using GRI as a core reporting framework in an evolving ESG reporting landscape from the perspective of a real estate company.
IgG4‐related pachymeningitis—Long term follow up and outcome of six patients
Authors: Yardimci Gozde Kubra , Arslan Doruk , Babaoğlu Berrin , Bolek Ertuğrul Cagri , Kilic Levent , Saglam Arzu , Tuncer Aslı , Söylemezoğlu Figen , Gocmen Rahşan , Oguz Kader K. , Tan Ersin , Karadag Omer
Published: July 2023

Objective

Our understanding of IgG4‐RD and pachymeningitis has grown substantially, but the optimal approach for diagnosis, management, and long‐term outcomes is still an area of uncertainty.

Methods

HUVAC is a database for IgG4‐RD patients, this database was retrospectively evaluated for pachymeningeal disease. Demographic, clinical, serological, imaging, histopathological data, and treatment details were re‐interpreted in patients with pachymeningitis.

Results

Among 97 patients with IgG4‐RD, 6 (6.2%) had pachymeningitis. None of these patients had extracranial features, and also, in most of the patients, serum IgG4 levels were normal. Tentorium cerebelli and transverse sinus dura were the most commonly involved in the posterior fossa. During 18 months of median follow‐up on steroid+‐rituximab, none of them relapsed as pachymeningitis.

Conclusion

Our patients were mainly older males with sole neurological involvement. Non‐specific headache was the most common manifestation, and serum IgG4 levels were not useful for diagnosis. Typical radiology and tentorial thickening should suggest IgG4‐RD and prompt an early biopsy. Moreover, accompanying hypophysitis could also be a clue. With steroids+ rituximab treatment, no relapse related to meningeal involvement was seen in long‐term follow‐up.
TransMCL enables the assembly of full‐length coding genes for collecting complete hierarchical orthogroups
Authors: Shen Jingting , Zhou Shengyu , Chen Yamao , Qi Ji
Published: July 2023

Transcriptome sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of phylogenomics by facilitating the identification of homologous genes for species without whole genome sequences. To infer complex evolution relationship among eukaryotes, it is essential to obtain complete sequences of protein‐coding genes to provide informative mutations. However, transcriptomes in eukaryotes often consist of a large number of duplicated genes and alternative isoforms, bringing great challenges for developing effective tools to obtain complete coding gene sequences.

Here, we present a net‐flow based assembler TransMCL, which aims to assemble fragmented transcripts into complete sequences while eliminating redundant isoforms during homologue clustering. By employing Markov clustering strategies and homologous gene guidance, TransMCL can accurately assemble genes for multiple organisms in an affordable time frame, making it well‐suited for phylogenomic studies based on transcriptomic data.

Our results demonstrate that TransMCL can assemble 89.95%–92.95% of the total expressed genes into near‐complete transcripts on benchmark plant/animal datasets. Furthermore, applying TransMCL to multiple transcriptomes in a single run enhances the completeness of genes, even in the absence of guidance homologues from closely related species.

These findings highlight the potential of TransMCL in phylogenomic studies, enabling the comprehensive characterization of gene families at the whole genome scale. By overcoming the challenges of complex gene contents in eukaryotes, TransMCL can significantly enhance our understanding of evolution of gene families across species.
Bulgaria: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: SPIROVA MARIA
Published: July 2023

The data entry reviews the major political developments in Bulgaria in 2022, including the governmental crisis of May–June 2022, the early elections in October 2022, the failure to form a new Cabinet in the last months of 2022, and the continuing de facto rule of President Radev. It also discusses the main issues in Bulgarian politics, including the position of GERB (i.e., Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria) in the political process, the Bulgarian ambivalent position on the Russian‐Ukrainian war, and the impact of the war on energy prices and general economic development in the country.
Aberrations in the progesterone pathway and the Th1/Th2 cytokine dichotomy – An evaluation of RPL predisposition in the northeast Indian population
Authors: Kashyap Natasha , Begum Anjuma , Ray Das Chandana , Datta Ratul , Verma Mohit Kumar , Dongre Anita , Husain Syed Akhtar , Ahmad Khan Luqman , Deka Bose Purabi
Published: July 2023

Problem

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is the spontaneous loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies prior to 20 weeks of gestation, occurring in 1% of the reproductive‐age population. It is a major cause of infertility in India with a staggering 7.46% prevalence rate.

Method of study

Blood and product of conception (POCs) from RPL cases (n = 65) were enrolled for this study, along with cases of medically terminated pregnancy (MTP, n = 80) and term delivery cases (n = 90) as control. ELISA for progesterone and progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF) levels was carried out, followed by mRNA expression analysis of progesterone receptor isoform B (PR‐B) and its downstream immunomodulatory effectors, namely, PIBF, IL‐10 and IL‐12. Screening of PROGINS haplotype of PR gene and PIBF polymorphism were also conducted to correlate with their respective gene expression profiles.

Results

Serum progesterone level was found to be comparable in the RPL and MTP cases. Although the mRNA expression of PR‐B was found to be downregulated in the RPL cases, no significant PROGINS haplotype was observed. Presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the PIBF gene (rs1372000) was more in healthy controls compared to RPL cases. Serum PIBF levels were found to be lower in the RPL cases with a resultant increase in IL‐12 and a decrease in IL‐10 mRNA expression in these cases.

Conclusions

This study indicates that progesterone, acting through PIBF, modulates the immunological state of pregnancy to be Th1‐biased in RPL, indicative of a pro‐inflammatory, labour‐like state not desired for a healthy pregnancy.
Prevalence estimates of eight big food allergies in Europe: Updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Spolidoro Giulia C. I. , Ali Mohamed Mustafa , Amera Yohannes Tesfaye , Nyassi Sungkutu , Lisik Daniil , Ioannidou Athina , Rovner Graciela , Khaleva Ekaterina , Venter Carina , van Ree Ronald , Worm Margitta , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber , Sheikh Aziz , Muraro Antonella , Roberts Graham , Nwaru Bright I.
Published: July 2023

In 2014, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology published prevalence estimates for food allergy (FA) and food sensitization (FS) to the so‐called eight big food allergens (i.e. cow's milk, egg, wheat, soy, peanut, tree nuts, fish and shellfish) in Europe for studies published between 2000 and 2012. The current work provides 10‐year updated prevalence estimates for these food allergens. A protocol was registered on PROSPERO before starting the research (reference number CRD42021266657). Six databases were searched for studies published 2012–2021, added to studies published up to 2012, resulting in a total of 93 studies. Most studies were graded as at moderate risk of bias. The overall pooled estimates for all age groups of self‐reported lifetime prevalence were as follows: cow's milk (5.7%, 95% confidence interval 4.4–6.9), egg (2.4%, 1.8–3.0), wheat (1.6%, 0.9–2.3), soy (0.5%, 0.3–0.7), peanut (1.5%, 1.0–2.1), tree nuts (0.9%, 0.6–1.2), fish (1.4%, 0.8–2.0) and shellfish (0.4%, 0.3–0.6). The point prevalence of food challenge‐verified allergy were as follows: cow's milk (0.3%, 0.1–0.5), egg (0.8%, 0.5–1.2), wheat (0.1%, 0.01–0.2), soy (0.3%, 0.1–0.4), peanut (0.1%, 0.0–0.2), tree nuts (0.04%, 0.02–0.1), fish (0.02%, 0.0–0.1) and shellfish (0.1%, 0.0–0.2). With some exceptions, the prevalence of allergy to common foods did not substantially change during the last decade; variations by European regions were observed.
Livelihood system approach to understanding household energy consumption behaviours of Tibetan pastoralists in China
Authors: Zeren Gongbu , Huang Yaxi , Wu Junqian , Zhuang Minghao
Published: July 2023

Understanding of how rural livelihood systems embedded in different social‐ecological contexts affect household energy consumption behaviour is critical for facilitating rural energy transition. This study assesses the energy consumption level and structure for three different livelihood systems, including mobile livelihood (ML), semi‐settled livelihood (SSL) and settled livelihood (SL), from the pastoral regions of the Tibetan Plateau. Results show that the average household energy consumption in ML, SSL and SL systems is 9250.1, 14 714.3 and 7004.5 kgce, respectively. Although yak dung is the dominant energy source in the ML and SSL systems, commercial energy sources are extensively used. When rural herders are resettled into peri‐urban areas, commercial energy sources become dominant though the percentage of yak dung consumption remains high. Mobile livestock production strategies and the associated rangeland tenure regimes and cultural practices are key determinant household energy choice factors of the ML and SSL systems. Comparatively, the role of income is more impactful on fuel consumption patterns in the SL system. Accordingly, this study argues that utilising a livelihood system approach in understanding household energy consumption behaviour allows us to design energy policies and innovative and customised clean energy sources that better fit rural livelihood systems.
Low prevalence of antimicrobial resistant organisms (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, extended beta‐lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae, and vancomycin resistant enterococci) in bulk tank milk in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Rowe S , Cunningham C , Ingenhoff L , Norris JM , Zadoks RN
Published: July 2023

Objective

Estimate the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended beta‐lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae, and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in bulk tank milk in dairy herds in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Methods

Bulk tank milk samples (n = 80) were collected from dairy farms (n = 40, i.e. 2 per farm) in NSW during 2021. Bacteria were cultured using selective chromogenic indicator media with isolate identity confirmed using biochemical testing, Gram stain, and MALDI‐TOF mass spectroscopy. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was confirmed using antibiotic disk diffusion.

Results

No samples tested positive to the targeted AMR organisms.

Conclusion

The prevalence of MRSA, ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae, and VRE is low in NSW dairy herds.
Antidepressant prescribing patterns and adverse events following introduction of a National Prescribing Indicator to monitor dosulepin usage in Wales
Authors: Chaplin Katherine , Bracchi Robert C. , Haines Kathryn E. , Routledge Philip Alexander , Deslandes Paul N.
Published: July 2023

Aims

Limiting use of the antidepressant dosulepin has been encouraged due to associated risks of toxicity. In April 2011, the All Wales Medicines Strategy Group introduced a National Prescribing Indicator (NPI) to monitor dosulepin usage. The aim of this study was to investigate antidepressant prescribing patterns, and selected adverse events in patients prescribed dosulepin following introduction of the NPI.

Methods

An e‐cohort study was conducted. Adult patients receiving regular dosulepin prescriptions between October 2010 and March 2011 were included. Characteristics of patients who were continued on dosulepin, were switched to an alternative antidepressant or whose dosulepin was discontinued following introduction of the NPI were compared.

Results

In total, 4121 patients were included. Of these, 1947 (47%) continued dosulepin, 1487 (36%) were switched and 692 (17%) discontinued. Of the 692 who discontinued, 92% did not receive a prescription for another antidepressant during the follow‐up period. Patients whose dosulepin was discontinued were older and were less commonly coprescribed benzodiazepines. During follow‐up, recorded incidence of selected adverse events was low across all groups and no significant difference was observed.

Conclusion

Over half of patients had discontinued dosulepin at the end of the period when the NPI was in place. Further interventions may have been required to have a greater impact on prescribing. This study provides some reassurance that dosulepin discontinuation can be a successful strategy, and that the risk of the adverse events investigated was unlikely to have been greater in those who had dosulepin discontinued than in those in whom dosulepin had been continued.
Beneficial impact of tax reforms on tax revenue performances in Togo: Myth or reality?
Authors: Bayale Nimonka , Tchagnao Abdou‐Fataou , Nagou Madow , Tchila Pouwemdéou
Published: July 2023

Tax reforms are often motivated by their potential to improve tax revenue mobilization. However, their actual impacts are difficult to quantify. Using cross‐country panel data over the period 2000–2021, this article evaluates the impact of the 2012 tax reforms on tax revenue performance in Togo. We follow the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) estimation procedures. After comparing the observed evolution of Togo's tax revenue output in the period 2013–2021 with that of synthetic Togo, our estimates show that an accumulated yearly average gain is about 3.09% of GDP. Hence, the article concludes that after 9 years of reform, the improvement in Togo's tax performance is remarkable. However, more tax‐related and institutions‐related reforms are crucial to make Togo's tax system more buoyant and sustainably improve tax revenue mobilization.
The effect of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion on consumer bankruptcies
Authors: Laberge Maude , Djiffa Kodjo‐Maawuegnigan
Published: July 2023

Medical expenses have been associated with a large proportion of consumer bankruptcies in the United States. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the Medicaid expansion implemented in the context of the Affordable Care Act and consumer bankruptcy, overall and by chapter filing. We used a longitudinal study design with a study period of 2008–2017. We tested three approaches: difference‐in‐differences, fixed effect panel linear regression, and triple difference. We constructed a panel dataset from 2008 to 2017 with states’ data using data from various sources on insurance, bankruptcy filings, and characteristics that may affect bankruptcy, such as income and ethnicity. The outcomes were the annual rates of consumer bankruptcies overall and by chapter at the state level. Between 2008 and 2017, the overall unadjusted bankruptcy filing rate fell from 0.36% to 0.24%. We found that the expansion was associated with a decrease in overall consumer bankruptcy varying between 0.035 and 0.039 percentage points and that the intensity of the effect was modulated by the intensity of the treatment. Results were consistent across models and suggest that the Medicaid expansion had a significant negative effect on overall bankruptcy filings and specifically on Chapter 7 filings.
Closing the gap between existing large‐area imaging research and marine conservation needs
Authors: McCarthy Orion S. , Contractor Kanisha , Figueira Will F. , Gleason Arthur C. R. , Viehman T. Shay , Edwards Clinton B. , Sandin Stuart A.
Published: July 2023

Emerging technology has immense potential to increase the scale and efficiency of marine conservation. One such technology is large‐area imaging (LAI), which relies on structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry to create composite products, including 3‐dimensional (3‐D) environmental models, that are larger in spatial extent than the individual images used to create them. Use of LAI has become widespread in certain fields of marine science, primarily to measure the 3D structure of benthic ecosystems and track change over time. However, the use of LAI in the field of marine conservation appears limited. We conducted a review of the coral reef literature on the use of LAI to identify research themes and regional trends in applications of this technology. We also surveyed 135 coral reef scientists and conservation practitioners to determine community familiarity with LAI, evaluate barriers practitioners face in using LAI, and identify applications of LAI believed to be most exciting or relevant to coral conservation. Adoption of LAI was limited primarily to researchers at institutions based in advanced economies and was applied infrequently to conservation, although conservation practitioners and survey respondents from emerging economies indicated they expect to use LAI in the future. Our results revealed disconnect between current LAI research topics and conservation priorities identified by practitioners, highlighting the need for more diverse, conservation‐relevant research using LAI. We provide recommendations for how early adopters of LAI (typically Global North scientists from well‐resourced institutions) can facilitate access to this conservation technology. These recommendations include developing training resources, creating partnerships for data storage and analysis, publishing standard operating procedures for LAI workflows, standardizing methods, developing tools for efficient data extraction from LAI products, and conducting conservation‐relevant research using LAI.
Identifying conservation priority areas for North American bumble bee species in Canada under current and future climate scenarios
Authors: Liczner Amanda R. , Schuster Richard , Richardson Leif L. , Colla Sheila R.
Published: July 2023

Many bumble bee species are declining globally from multiple threats including climate change. Identifying conservation priority areas with a changing climate will be important for conserving bumble bee species. Using systematic conservation planning, we identified priority areas for 44 bumble bee species in Canada under current and projected climates (year 2050). Conservation priority areas were identified as those that contained targeted amounts of each species predicted occurrence through climate envelope models, while minimizing the area cost of conserving the identified conservation priority areas. Conservation priority areas in the two periods were compared to established protected areas and land cover types to determine the area of current and future priority sites that are protected and the types of landscapes within priority areas. Notably, conservation priority areas were rarely within established protected areas. Priority areas were most often in croplands and grasslands, mainly within the mountain west, central and Southern Ontario, Northern Quebec, and Atlantic Canada under all climate scenarios. Conservation priority areas are predicted to increase in elevation and latitude with climate change. Our findings identify the most important regions in Canada for conserving bumble bee species under current and future climates including consistently selected future sites.
Cytopathology of benign sebaceous salivary gland neoplasia: Comparison of two analogous yet dissimilar entities
Authors: Sheldon Jesse D. , Wakely Paul E.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Benign sebaceous salivary gland (SG) neoplasms represent approximately 0.2% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Not only are fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy findings of sebaceous adenoma (SA) and sebaceous lymphadenoma (SLA) limited, but their findings are also rarely compared with one another.

Materials and Methods

Our cytopathology files were searched for examples of benign sebaceous SG neoplasms with concomitant histopathological verification. FNA biopsy and cell collection were performed using standard technique.

Results

One case each of parotid SA and parotid SLA showed markedly dissimilar cytomorphology. The SA case was composed of a repetitive population of profusely multivacuolated polygonal cells with single and multiple nuclei, and was specifically recognised cytologically as a sebaceous neoplasm due to its characteristic cytoplasmic vacuolisation. The SLA case, however, was characterised by smears filled primarily with lymphocytes and only scant widely scattered basaloid cell clusters. A non‐specific diagnosis of basaloid neoplasm was rendered. In retrospect, recognition of sebaceous differentiation was limited to rare cell groups.

Conclusion

Though nominally, epidemiologically, and to a degree histopathologically analogous, the cytopathology of SA and SLA are markedly dissimilar, reflecting the dominant cell component in each. With FNA biopsy, a specific interpretation is more likely for SA than SLA due to the overwhelming obscuring lymphoid population in the latter.
Association between prescription drug monitoring programs use mandates and prescription stimulants received by Medicaid enrollees
Authors: Gunadi Christian , Shi Yuyan
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) use mandates are an important policy tool to curb nonmedical opioid use. However, data are scarce about their efficacy on other commonly used prescription drugs such as stimulants.

Methods

We used 2010–2020 state‐level secondary data from Medicaid State Drug Utilisation Data and quasi‐experimental difference‐in‐differences research design to estimate the association between PDMP use mandates and population‐adjusted stimulants (amphetamines and methylphenidate) prescribing outcomes: (i) number of prescriptions filled; and (ii) total amount reimbursed in US dollars. To account for heterogeneity in mandates across US states, two policy variables were considered: limited and expansive. Limited PDMP use mandates require prescribers or dispensers to check the PDMP only when prescribing/dispensing opioids or benzodiazepines, while expansive PDMP use mandates are non‐specific to opioids/benzodiazepines and require prescribers or dispensers to check the PDMP when prescribing/dispensing targeted controlled substances in Drug Enforcement Agency Schedule II–V. The sample included 49 US states and the District of Columbia. Nevada was excluded since it implemented the PDMP mandate before the period of analysis.

Results

The state‐wide implementation of the PDMP use mandate, either limited or expansive, was not associated with the number of prescriptions filled or the total amount reimbursed in US dollars for stimulants among Medicaid enrollees.

Discussion and Conclusion

There was no evidence for the associations between PDMP use mandates and stimulant prescribing among Medicaid enrollees. Future works are encouraged to replicate the study in other populations and with longer post‐period analysis when the impact of the mandates might be more successfully materialised.
Novel quantitative assessment indicators for efficiency and precision of endoscopic submucosal dissection in animal training models by analyzing an electrical surgical unit
Authors: Masunaga Teppei , Kato Motohiko , Sasaki Motoki , Iwata Kentaro , Miyazaki Kurato , Kubosawa Yoko , Mizutani Mari , Takatori Yusaku , Matsuura Noriko , Nakayama Atsushi , Takabayashi Kaoru , Yahagi Naohisa
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Although endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) training is important, quantitative assessments have not been established. This study aimed to explore a novel quantitative assessment system by analyzing an electrical surgical unit (ESU).

Methods

This was an ex vivo study. Step one: to identify the novel efficiency indicators, 20 endoscopists performed one ESD each, and we analyzed correlations between their resection speed and electrical status. Step two: to identify the novel precision indicators, three experts and three novices performed one ESD each, and we compared the stability of the electrical status. Step three: three novices in step two performed 19 additional ESDs, and we analyzed the learning curve using novel indicators.

Results

Step one: the percentage of total activation time (AT) of ESU in the procedure time (β coefficient, 0.80; P < 0.01) and AT required for submucosal dissection (β coefficient, −0.57; P < 0.01) were significantly correlated with the resection speed. Step two: coefficient of variation of the AT per one pulse (0.16 [range, 0.13–0.17] vs. 0.26 [range, 0.20–0.41], P = 0.049) and coefficient of variation of the peak electric power per pulse during mucosal incision (0.14 [range, 0.080–0.15] vs. 0.25 [range, 0.24–0.28], P = 0.049) were significantly lower in the experts than in the novices. Regarding the learning curve, the percentage of total AT of ESU in the procedure time and AT required for submucosal dissection had a trend of improvement.

Conclusion

Novel indicators identified by analyzing ESU enable quantitative assessment for endoscopist's skill.
Safety of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rigato Mauro , Fadini Gian Paolo , Avogaro Angelo
Published: July 2023

Aim

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are particularly effective in preventing adverse outcomes of heart failure and chronic kidney disease, which are highly prevalent in the elderly. Here, we aimed to access the safety of SGLT2i in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

We performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting safety outcomes of the elderly (≥65 years) patients with type 2 diabetes, randomized to an SGLT2i or placebo. We recorded the incidence of acute kidney injury, volume depletion, genital tract infections, urinary tract infections, bone fractures, amputations, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemia and drug discontinuation, by group of treatment.

Results

Of the 130 RCTs screened, only six reported data on elderly patients. In total, 19 986 patients were included. The SGLT2i discontinuation rate was approximately 20%. The risk of acute kidney injury was significantly lower among SGLT2i users compared with placebo [risk ratio (RR) 0.73; 95% CI 0.62‐0.87]. SGLT2i were associated with a six‐fold increased risk of genital tract infections (RR 6.55; 95% CI 2.09‐20.5). The rate of amputations was increased only among canagliflozin users (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.25‐3). The risk of fractures, urinary tract infection, volume depletion, hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis was similar between SGLT2i and placebo.

Conclusions

SGLT2is were well tolerated in the elderly. However, older patients are underrepresented in most RCTs and a call for action is need to favour clinical trials reporting safety outcomes stratified by age.
Spatial distribution of cereal aphids determines their abundance and population density in winter wheat stands
Authors: Honěk Alois , Dixon Anthony F. G. , Martinková Zdenka , Pekár Stano , Růžek Pavel
Published: July 2023

The numbers per tiller (abundance) and per unit area of ground (population density) of the dominant cereal aphids in winter wheat crops, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were recorded from 2000–2015. The results were used to test the hypothesis that at the population peak and 4 weeks previously, the population density of aphids in winter wheat crops (Triticum aestivum L., Poaceae) is uniformly distributed with respect to surface area and, as a result, their abundance is high in sparse stands (SPA) where the colonizing aphids are scattered among a small number of tillers (ca. 80 m−2), and low in dense stands (DEN) where they are scattered among a larger number of tillers (ca. 440 m−2). This prediction was verified for S. avenae, the population density of which did not significantly differ between SPA and DEN stands throughout this period. This species feeds mainly on the ears, whose nutritional quality for aphids varies little with crop density and during the course of ripening. In contrast and contrary to our prediction, the population density of M. dirhodum increased throughout this period more rapidly in SPA than in DEN stands. This species lives on leaves whose quality is better and remain present for longer during the course of ripening of the crop in SPA than DEN stands. The abundance of both species was higher in SPA than in DEN stands. Greater direct damage to cereal crops can be expected when using technologies and cultivars of winter wheat that need to be planted sparsely.
Discriminative value of different combinations of tests to detect unilateral neglect in patients with right hemisphere damage
Authors: Azouvi Philippe , Rousseaux Marc , Bartolomeo Paolo , Pérennou Dominic , Pradat‐Diehl Pascale , Wiart Laurent , Rode Gilles , Godefroy Olivier ,   for the members of the Groupe d'Etude sur la Rééducation et l'Evaluation de la Negligence unilatérale
Published: July 2023

Background and purpose

This study was undertaken to assess the most sensitive combination of tests to detect peripersonal unilateral neglect (UN) after stroke.

Methods

The present study is a secondary analysis of a previously reported multicentric study of 203 individuals with right hemisphere damage (RHD), mainly subacute stroke, 11 weeks postonset on average, and 307 healthy controls. A battery of seven tests, providing 19 age‐ and education‐adjusted z‐scores, were given: the bells test, line bisection, figure copying, clock drawing, overlapping figures test, and reading and writing. Statistical analyses used a logistic regression and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve after adjustment on demographic variables.

Results

A combination of four z‐scores based on the following three tests provided good discrimination of patients with RHD from matched healthy controls: the starting point and the difference between the number of omissions on left and right sides from the bells test, rightward deviation in bisection of long lines (20 cm), and left‐sided omissions in a reading task. The area under the ROC curve was 0.865 (95% confidence interval = 0.83–0.901), with sensitivity = 0.68, specificity = 0.95, accuracy = 0.85, positive predictive value = 0.90, and negative predictive value = 0.82.

Conclusions

The most sensitive and parsimonious combination of tests to detect UN after stroke relies on four scores from three simple tests (bells test, line bisection, and reading). Future study is warranted to assess its ability to account for the functional difficulties of UN in daily life in the patient's actual environment.
Metagenomic insights into the alteration of soil N‐cycling‐related microbiome and functions under long‐term conversion of cropland toMiscanthus
Authors: Zhao Chunqiao , Yue Yuesen , Guo Qiang , Wu Juying , Song Jinku , Wang Qinghai , Li Cui , Hu Yang , Wang Sisi , Yuan Ning , Wang Zhengang , Fan Ranran , Hou Xincun , Fan Xifeng
Published: July 2023

Miscanthusspp. show excellent application prospects due to its bioenergy potential and multiple ecological services. Annual N export with biomass harvest fromMiscanthus, even without fertilizer supplement, do not reduce soil N levels. The question arises regarding howMiscanthuscan maintain stable soil N levels. Metagenomic strategies were used to reveal soil N‐cycling‐related microbiome and their functional contributions to processes of soil N‐cycling based on the comparison among the bare land, cropland, 10‐yearMiscanthus × giganteus, and 15‐yearMiscanthus sacchariflorusfields. The results showed that, after long‐term cropland‐to‐Miscanthusconversion (LCMC), 16 of 21 bacterial phyla and all the archaeal phyla exhibited significant changes. Soil microbial denitrification and nitrification functions were significantly weakened, and N fixation (NF) was significantly enhanced. The biosynthesis of amino acids, especially alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, in soil N‐cycling‐related microbiome was dramatically promoted. The genus Anaeromyxobacter contributed largely to the NF process after LCMC. Variations in the soil available potassium, available N, organic C, and total N contents drove a functional shift of soil microbiome from cropland toMiscanthuspattern. We conclude thatMiscanthuscan recruit Anaeromyxobacter communities to enhance NF benefiting its biomass sustainability and soil N balance.
Clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of gastric neuroendocrine tumour (NET) G3 and comparisons with neuroendocrine carcinoma and NET G2
Authors: Chen Shuai , Sun Lin , Chen Haozhu , Li Jiaxin , Lu Chenglu , Yang Yichen , Sun Yan
Published: July 2023

Aims

To characterise the clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of gastric neuroendocrine tumour G3 (gNET G3) and to compare them with those of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (gNEC) and gNET G2.

Methods and results

A total of 115 gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) were included, of which gNET G3 was different from gNET G1/G2 in terms of tumour location (P = 0.029), number (P = 0.003), size (P = 0.010), the Ki67 index (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and TNM stage (P = 0.011), and different from gNEC/gastric mixed neuroendocrine–non‐neuroendocrine neoplasm (gMiNEN) in terms of tumour size (P = 0.010) and the Ki67 index (P = 0.001). High‐resolution copy number (CN) profiling and validation experiments showed CN gains and high expression of DLL3 in gNET G3. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on CN characteristics showed that gNET G3 was separated from gNEC but mixed with gNET G2. In gene set enrichment analysis, eight pathways were significantly enriched in gNEC when comparing gNET G3 and gNEC (P < 0.05), while no pathways were enriched when comparing gNET G3 and gNET G2. Whole‐exome sequencing and validation experiments showed nonsense mutation of TP53 in one gNET G3, with wild‐type staining for p53. In gNEC, TP53 mutations were detected in four of eight cases, and abnormal expression of p53 was detected in all cases.

Conclusion

Gastric NET G3 is a distinct entity with unique genetic characteristics, which are different from those of gNEC than gNET G2. Our results provide insight into some molecular alterations that may contribute to the development and progression of gNET G3 and serve as potential therapeutic targets.
Utilisation of aquatic fern (Azolla sp.) powder for supplementing semolina pasta: quality characteristics of produced pasta
Authors: Kaur Amreetpal , Singh Arashdeep , Gupta Antima , Surasani Vijay Kumar Reddy , Dhaliwal Salwinder Singh
Published: July 2023

Aquatic fern (Azolla sp.) powder was used as a non‐conventional protein source to supplement semolina pasta. The pre‐blanched and dried powder of Azolla was used to supplement the pasta at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 per 100 g−1 level followed by its quality evaluation. Increasing Azolla powder content in pasta, the minimum cooking time increased from 5.15 min to 6.00 min (P < 0.05). Similarly cooking loss increased from 3.69% to 5.34%, while swelling index showed a decreasing trend (P < 0.05). In vitro protein digestibility values of produced pasta ranged between 75.32 ± 0.95 and 82.85% ± 1.42%. Increasing Azolla powder content in pasta significantly increased its firmness from 2843.8 to 4197.5 g. Lightness (L*) as well as overall whiteness values were significantly reduced with increasing levels of Azolla powder in pasta (P < 0.05). Sensory acceptability was reduced with the increasing Azolla powder content, being highest for pasta supplemented with 5% and 10% Azolla powder.
Effects of virtual reality and acupressure interventions on pain, anxiety, vital signs and comfort in catheter extraction processes for patients undergoing coronary angiography: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gökçe Esma , Arslan Sevban
Published: July 2023

Background

Pain and anxiety management in patients undergoing medical and surgical procedures is an important competence area for nurses.

Aim

This study aimed to determine and compare the effects of virtual reality and acupressure interventions on pain, anxiety, vital signs and comfort levels in the process of femoral catheter extraction for patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Methods

The study was a single‐blind, three‐group, randomized controlled trial conducted in the cardiology clinics of a university hospital in 2021. A total of 153 patients (51 virtual reality, 51 acupressure, 51 control) participated in the study. Data were collected using a Visual Analogue Scale, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, a vital signs follow‐up form and the Perianesthesia Comfort Scale.

Results

Both intervention groups had significantly lower pain and anxiety scores, as well as higher comfort scores, compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The virtual reality group had lower systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and pulse rate than the control group (p < 0.05). The acupressure group had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate than the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

While neither intervention group was found to be superior to the other, both interventions improved vital signs and comfort levels by reducing pain and anxiety.