bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological and genetic analysis for the diversity conservation of rare species, Thamnaconus multilineatus (Tetraodontiformes: Monacanthidae)
Authors: Yu Tae-Sik , Park Kiyun , Han Kyeong-Ho , Kwak Ihn-Sil
Published: February 2024

Climate changes have altered biodiversity and ultimately induced community changes that have threatened the survival of certain aquatic organisms such as fish species. Obtaining biological and genetic information on endangered fish species is critical for ecological population management. Thamnaconus multilineatus, registered as an endangered species by the IUCN in 2019, is a Data Deficient (DD) species with a remarkably small number of habitats worldwide and no known information other than its habitat and external form. In this study, we characterized the external and osteological morphology of a T. multilineatus specimen collected from eastern Jeju Island, South Korea, in 2020. We also investigated the phylogenetic relationships among related fish species through complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of the T. multilineatus specimen. The external and skeletal characteristics of T. multilineatus were similar to those of previous reports describing other fish of the genus Thamnaconus, making it difficult to classify T. multilineatus as a similar species based only on morphological characteristics. As a result of analyzing the complete mtDNA of T. multilineatus, the length of the mtDNA was determined to be 16,435 bp, and the mitochondrial genome was found to have 37 CDCs, including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs. In the phylogenetic analysis within the suborder Balistoidei, T. multilineatus mtDNA formed a cluster with fish of the genus Thamnaconus. This study is the first to report on the skeletal structure and complete mtDNA of T. multilineatus. Since the current research on T. multilineatus has only been reported on morphology, the results of this study will be utilized as important information for the management and restoration of T. multilineatus as an endangered species and significant fishery resource.
Stratum-specific health outcome estimation in Pakistan using double goal CART
Authors: Hamza Muhammad , Ahmed Shakeel
Published: February 2024

Post-stratification is applied when the subpopulation membership is observed only for sampled values and the goal is to estimate stratum-specific parameters which leads the survey statisticians towards primary goals i.e., classification of non-sampled units into different strata and prediction of the values of the study variables. Regression models, on one side, optimize the prediction of the study variable’s non-sampled values while the classification algorithms, on the other side, look for the classification of non-sampled cases into different strata. Hence, it is crucial to deal with these two goals simultaneously for the estimation of stratum-specific parameters. This study introduces the idea of a double-objective classification and regression trees (CARTs) approach for estimating stratum-specific parameters. Theoretical properties of the total estimator are derived. An application on the estimation of health outcomes in different domains is given to delineate the practical significance as well as the efficiency of the proposed CART-based method. The proposed estimator of population total performs better than the existing stratum-specific estimator in terms of relative efficiency for all choices of parameters. As an ensemble model, the random forest CART outperforms the other competing tree-based models and homogenous population model without using any auxiliary variable.
Climate change increases threat to plant diversity in tropical forests of Central America and southern Mexico
Authors: Ortega Miguel A. , Cayuela Luis , Griffith Daniel M. , Camacho Angélica , Coronado Indiana M. , del Castillo Rafael F. , Figueroa-Rangel Blanca L. , Fonseca William , Garibaldi Cristina , Kelly Daniel L. , Letcher Susan G. , Meave Jorge A. , Merino-Martín Luis , Meza Víctor H. , Ochoa-Gaona Susana , Olvera-Vargas Miguel , Ramírez-Marcial Neptalí , Tun-Dzul Fernando J. , Valdez-Hernández Mirna , Velázquez Eduardo , White David A. , Williams-Linera Guadalupe , Zahawi Rakan A. , Muñoz Jesús
Published: February 2024

Global biodiversity is negatively affected by anthropogenic climate change. As species distributions shift due to increasing temperatures and precipitation fluctuations, many species face the risk of extinction. In this study, we explore the expected trend for plant species distributions in Central America and southern Mexico under two alternative Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) portraying moderate (RCP4.5) and severe (RCP8.5) increases in greenhouse gas emissions, combined with two species dispersal assumptions (limited and unlimited), for the 2061–2080 climate forecast. Using an ensemble approach employing three techniques to generate species distribution models, we classified 1924 plant species from the region’s (sub)tropical forests according to IUCN Red List categories. To infer the spatial and taxonomic distribution of species’ vulnerability under each scenario, we calculated the proportion of species in a threat category (Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered) at a pixel resolution of 30 arc seconds and by family. Our results show a high proportion (58–67%) of threatened species among the four experimental scenarios, with the highest proportion under RCP8.5 and limited dispersal. Threatened species were concentrated in montane areas and avoided lowland areas where conditions are likely to be increasingly inhospitable. Annual precipitation and diurnal temperature range were the main drivers of species’ relative vulnerability. Our approach identifies strategic montane areas and taxa of conservation concern that merit urgent inclusion in management plans to improve climatic resilience in the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot. Such information is necessary to develop policies that prioritize vulnerable elements and mitigate threats to biodiversity under climate change.
Teaching medical ethics and medical professionalism in Saudi public and private medical schools
Authors: AlRukban Mohammed , Alajlan Fahad , Alnasser Ali , Almousa Hisham , Alzomia Sulaiman , Almushawah Abdullah
Published: February 2024

Medical ethics and professionalism are two essential parts of building up the identity of a competent physician. This study was conducted to determine the nature, content, and methods of medical ethics and professionalism education in Saudi public and private medical schools. It also sought to identify the challenges and obstacles in teaching and assessing medical ethics and professionalism and suggest appropriate changes. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Saudi private and public medical schools. To achieve the study’s aim, an assessment tool in the form of a novel self-administered questionnaire was developed, piloted, and then used. A representative from each of the 28 Saudi medical schools participated in the study. Twenty-four (82.1%) responding medical schools have no medical ethics department. Most of the medical schools (64.2%) have 25% or less of their faculty staff who teach ethics holding a qualification in medical ethics. Most schools have a specific course for medical ethics and professionalism (85.7% and 57.1%, respectively). Multiple-choice questioning is the most popular assessment method in medical ethics and professionalism courses (89.3% and 60.7%, respectively). The need for more qualified staff and clear guidelines/resources is a significant drawback to the teaching of medical ethics. Therefore, the study recommends developing national guidelines dedicated to the undergraduate teaching curriculum from which courses would be designed to enhance medical ethics and medical professionalism.
From Caftan King to Peacock Pasha: Demis Roussos and Orientalist decadence in men’s fashion and European popular culture, 1968–80
Authors: Brayshaw Emily
Published: February 2024

The Greek-Egyptian singer Artemios Ventouris (Demis) Roussos (1946–2015) was a global superstar in the 1970s, selling more than 60 million albums. Roussos’s success was built on his hard work, talent and ability to craft a sensual, comforting, caftan-clad performance persona that tapped into the 1970s zeitgeist. Scholarship to date has considered the decadence of Orientalism and caftans in fashion, including their importance in the so-called ‘Peacock Revolution’ of menswear. It has also considered how Roussos used a nostalgia linked to warm, sunny package holidays – a new European phenomenon in the 1970s – within his songs to great commercial success. Less attention, however, has been paid to how Roussos used the materialism and Orientalist symbolism of his luxurious caftans with his voice, hirsuteness and embonpoint to create the seductive, sensual atmosphere that was central to his fame and offered his fans an alternative to dominant images of 1970s male rock stars. This article also examines how wearing caftans allowed Roussos to create his ‘pasha’ persona, a hypermasculine figure associated with decadent Orientalist stereotypes of the harems and palaces of the mythical East. Roussos’s ‘pasha’ image extended beyond the stage and his gargantuan appetites for food and the trappings of luxury were also central to recreating the atmosphere of decadence he remembered from his Egyptian childhood. This article thus traces how, as Roussos’s fame and girth expanded, he made caftans his trademark, blending an Orientalist, libertine style of living and dress that seduced his fans and expressed the era’s, and his own, desires for excesses that transgressed bourgeois notions of restrained, good taste.
O encarceramento no estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Ghiringhelli de Azeved Rodrigo , Girardi Hypólito Laura
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo apresenta a evolução das taxas de encarceramento e do número total de presos no estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período compreendido entre 2005 e 2022. Para isso, foram utilizados como base de informação: os dados provenientes do Departamento Penitenciário Nacional (DEPEN) correspondentes aos Relatórios Analíticos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, do período compreendido entre 2005 e 2019, sempre referentes ao mês de dezembro; do Departamento Penitenciário Nacional (DEPEN) – Levantamento Nacional de Informações Penitenciárias, período de janeiro a junho de 2021; da Superintendência de Serviços Penitenciários (SUSEPE), referente a 2020; da Superintendência de Serviços Penitenciários (SUSEPE), relativo a 2022. Desde os anos 90 até 2022, as taxas de encarceramento no Brasil cresceram mais de 400%. Essa situação de crescimento do número de presos e das taxas de encarceramento, não obstante algumas variações, repete-se em todos os estados do país; no Rio Grande do Sul, não é diferente. Nesse sentido, frente à importância de sistematizar e compreender os dados e as particularidades do encarceramento no contexto gaúcho, o presente trabalho pretende apresentar de forma detalhada a situação do encarceramento no Rio Grande do Sul e avançar algumas hipóteses a respeito das tendências verificadas no período analisado.
Dinâmicas distintivas em torno do consumo audiovisual na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Mira Maria Celeste , De Castro Ana Lúcia , Michetti Miqueli
Published: February 2024

O artigo analisa dinâmicas distintivas entre indivíduos, grupos e classes na cidade de São Paulo por meio do consumo de audiovisual. A partir de conteúdo extraído de seis grupos focais realizados com diferentes frações de classe, definidas por múltiplas variáveis - como ensina Bourdieu -, o texto busca compreender como determinadas práticas, obras, instituições e agentes são mobilizados na demarcação de pertencimentos, exclusões e hierarquias na produção de grupos diferencialmente posicionados no espaço social, simbólico e geográfico.
Level of Stress and its Causes in Indian Engineering Colleges and in Different Professional Colleges Belonging to One of the Universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Compared to Control
Authors: Shrenik Shiroorkar Pradeep Kumar  , Aman Mannil  , Shreya Gangadhar  , Pradeep Kumar Narayanappa Shiroorkar
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Stress in life can deteriorate the physical and mental health of a person. Stress is higher among medical college students. The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence and causes of stress in different professions, in different countries, and different sexes to compare with the control and suggest possible solutions for the same in the future.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was undertaken among different professional college students (PCS) (Medical, Engineering, Dental, Pharmacy, and Nursing) at a randomly selected King Faisal University in Saudi Arabia with control from the same university. A similar study was conducted at one rural engineering college and one urban engineering college in India. The level of stress was assessed using the perceived stress scale (1983). Data was collected, tabulated, and analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. Complete data was available from 426 PCS at KFU, including 120 students from rural engineering colleges in India and 31 students from urban engineering colleges in India. A total of 60 controls were taken from non-professional colleges in SA.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of stress was high in all PCS, and it varied from 65.33% to 87.10% in different PCS. The causes of stress were a vast and difficult syllabus,  pattern of exams, lack of counselling and guidance, fewer co-curricular activities, etc. Stress in nonprofessional control was 30.00%.

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of stress is more in different professional college students irrespective of colleges, countries and sex compared to control. The causes of stress among all these students are similar. So the planning and managements for professional colleges must take it seriously. These issues can be solved by providing more teaching and learning facilities, creating a relaxing atmosphere within the college, changing the patterns of examinations, regular counselling, inclusion of recreations like cultural activities, educational tours, music, sports, etc. along with the curriculum. All these things might create more and more healthy and educated professionals to serve our society.
An Enigmatic Discovery - Accidental Insertion of Internal Jugular Haemodialysis Catheter into the Vertebral Vein
Authors: Rishab Shah
Published: February 2024

A 40-year-old male was admitted to the medical ward with chronic kidney disease with uremic symptoms and a decision was made to initiate the patient on haemodialysis. It was decided to catheterize the right internal jugular vein directly as the patient would require an A-V fistula in the near future which would be created in the left arm subsequently.

Procedure

During the time of right internal jugular vein catheterization using the anterior landmark technique, the right carotid artery was punctured leading to hematoma formation on the right side of the neck, despite adequate haemostatic measures.

It was decided to catheterize the left internal jugular vein subsequently. Using the anterior landmark technique again, venipuncture was performed on the left side of the neck and in the first attempt itself the guide wire was inserted without any difficulty or resistance.

Safe back-flow of venous blood was achieved through all ports of the catheter; that is, the catheter tip was presumed to be well positioned in the left internal jugular vein (IJV), as seen on the chest X-ray taken following the procedure.

Clinical Course

The patient complained of numbness over the left shoulder and weakness of the left upper limb following the procedure and was evaluated for the same. Under the clinical suspicion of left vertebral artery catheterization, a vascular surgeon opinion was sought and a CT angiogram of the neck was advised.

The CT angiogram revealed the catheter entering the left vertebral vein at the level of C6 vertebra, coursing anteroinferiorly reaching the left brachiocephalic vein with its tip noted at the confluence of subclavian vein with internal jugular vein.

After the CT angiogram, the misplaced catheter was promptly extracted to prevent the onset of additional complications.

No excessive resistance was encountered during the catheter removal, and there were no signs of hematoma formation.

Over the next few days, the patient’s symptoms of numbness and weakness resolved spontaneously.

The patient had no neurological complaints and deficits on examination during follow-up in the outpatient department.
Diversidade Étnico-Racial como Moderadora para a Vantagem Competitiva Organizacional: uma Revisão Bibliográfica da Literatura Brasileira
Authors: Martarello Rafael de Almeida , Conceição Isabela Julia Souza da
Published: February 2024

A temática de inclusão e diversidade organizacional emerge como uma resposta à pressão social exercida por diversos grupos. No entanto, organizações têm percebido a diversidade como uma fonte de diferencial competitivo. O objetivo deste trabalho é interpretar a relação entre diversidade étnico-racial organizacional como vantagem competitiva. Adotando uma abordagem qualitativa, esta pesquisa empregou a revisão bibliográfica e a pesquisa bibliográfica como procedimentos metodológicos. Os resultados indicam que a literatura revisada atribui indistintamente vantagens competitivas provenientes de outras formas de diversidade à diversidade étnico-racial. Somente um texto analisado identificou fatores positivos específicos relacionados à diversidade étnico-racial. Diante desses resultados, propomos uma crítica às empresas que negligenciam o gerenciamento do impacto da diversidade étnico-racial e à sub-representação negra no quadro social. Este estudo contribui para delinear o arcabouço científico brasileiro sobre o tema e estabelecer fontes de vantagem competitiva associadas à prática de diversidade étnico-racial.
Elementos Causadores de Estresse Relacionado ao Trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde
Authors: Fontes Luiziane Lira Nobre , Cartaxo Rodolfo Gonçalves
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os fatores causadores de estresse em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. Caracteriza-se como estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 33 Agentes comunitários de Saúde da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, no mês de outubro de 2013. Utilizou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados. Verificou-se que o baixo reconhecimento do trabalho interfere diretamente na produtividade e significação da profissão, excessiva carga laboral e variedade de funções para um ritmo de trabalho intenso em curto período de tempo e estresse interferindo na saúde física e mental.
Dificuldades de Acesso e Uso da Anticoncepção de Emergência
Authors: Fontes Luiziane Lira Nobre , Cartaxo Rodolfo Gonçalves
Published: February 2024

A anticoncepção de emergência (AE) é um método hormonal que pode evitar a gravidez após ato sexual desprotegido, quando houver falha no uso do método anticoncepcional ou em casos de violência sexual. Restringe-se a situações emergenciais, sua eficácia está vinculada à precocidade de uso e, em razão dessa particularidade, nos casos indicados, as mulheres necessitam de acesso rápido ao método, o que torna oportuna a adoção de estratégias mais abrangentes da AE, em programas de educação sexual e reprodutiva. Procede-se uma revisão de literatura das publicações produzidas sobre o tema, investiga-se especificamente o estado da arte da AE, aborda-se o conceito, a indicação, os mecanismos de ação e principais barreiras de acesso ao método. Autoridades da área de saúde e formuladores de políticas públicas devem, portanto, constituir atividades educativas que desvinculem a AE ao aborto, e capacitar profissionais de saúde, para dispor esclarecimento e método, visando a evitar gestações imprevistas e realizações de abortos inseguros.
Estrutura Organizacional das Salas de Vacinação na Estratégia Saúde da Família no Município de Crato-CE
Authors: Fontes Luiziane Lira Nobre , Cartaxo Rodolfo Gonçalves
Published: February 2024

Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a estrutura organizacional das salas de vacinação no município do Crato-CE, investigando se o setor de imunização está de acordo com as normas preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde e quais são as dificuldades que inviabilizam a organização correta das salas de vacina. É um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida junto a 13 salas de vacinação da Estratégias Saúde da Família, da zona urbana, da cidade do Crato-CE. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um check-list composto por quatro tópicos referentes à organização das salas de vacina. Para a análise dos dados utilizamos métodos estatísticos com discussões dos dados coletados, sobretudo por meio de tabelas. Os resultados apontaram que 76.92% das unidades apresentavam geladeira exclusiva. 61.53% realizavam a troca das bobinas no início do turno da tarde. Ressalta-se que 69.23% apresentavam duas caixas térmicas e nenhuma apresentou termômetros para monitoramento das caixas térmicas. Esses são fatores que podem contribuir para a exposição dos imunobiológicos a variações de temperatura e consequente inativação dos componentes imunogênicos. Para minimizar esses problemas recomenda-se aquisição de equipamentos para conservação das vacinas e o monitoramento por meio da educação continuada, sobretudo a supervisão sistemática das atividades dos vacinadores. Os resultados apontam para a importância da capacitação dos profissionais, todavia é necessária uma atuação mais efetiva voltada para a supervisão diária.
O Luto em torno do HIV/AIDS: Análise da Vivência do Luto frente ao Diagnóstico
Authors: Lima Júnior Carlos Mendes de , Lima Júnior Joel
Published: February 2024

A clínica do HIV/AIDS é marcada por situações de perdas, concreta e simbólica, que exigem das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS esforços adaptativos, rearranjos consideráveis e elaboração do luto em torno de seu novo estilo de vida. Diante disso, este estudo objetivou analisar, por meio de um estudo bibliográfico, como se desenvolve nos indivíduos soropositivos o processo do luto em torno do HIV/AIDS, a partir do conceito de enfrentamento vivenciado em âmbito pessoal, familiar e social desde o recebimento do diagnóstico positivo até a experiencia de conviver com a infecção e sua estreita relação com a dinâmica de saúde-adoecimento. Com isso, o presente artigo identificou que pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS ainda sofrem algum tipo de preconceito seja nos grupos sociais, seja na própria família, entre outros, acentuando a representação de medo e de vergonha sobre a doença. Assim, considera-se até este momento que a introdução dos aspectos psicológicos de enfrentamento pode influenciar, consideravelmente, tanto de forma positiva quanto negativa a qualidade de vida e, inclusive, sobrevida de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS.
Poder e(ou da) Legitimidade?
Authors: Silveira Alair
Published: February 2024

Refletir sobre Legitimidade, suas complexidades e dimensões é o desafio desse artigo. Não restrito à análise das relações institucionalizadas, o conceito é utilizado em várias áreas de conhecimento, como Direito e Ciência Política, objeto deste artigo. Utilizando-se do método dialético, esta reflexão ampara-se na contribuição de Max Weber, a partir do qual a Legitimidade adquire identidade própria frente à Legalidade. A partir do alcance e qualidade conceitual de Weber, destaca-se o transbordamento da legitimidade para além das esferas de dominação burocráticas/institucionais, alcançando o conjunto das relações societárias. Afinal, se aquele que detém a prerrogativa de atribuir legitimidade (ou não) à determinada relação é quem está na condição subalterna da relação, explicitam-se tipos de legitimidade de natureza distinta. Como resultado, este artigo propõe uma subdivisão funcional do conceito Legitimidade: Convencional e Conjuntural.
Kapitel 1 Kollektives Handeln und die Wiederbelebung der (städtischen) Gemeingüter: Praktiken des Teilens als eine Form des commonings
Authors: Cermeño Helena , Bernhardt Floris , Bretfeld Nada , Keller Carsten , Koch Florian
Published: February 2024

Helena Cermeño, Floris Bernhardt, Nada Bretfeld, Carsten Keller und Florian Koch argumentieren in diesem Artikel, dass das Einbinden von Sharing-Praktiken in die Gestaltung und Nutzung von öffentlichen Räumen und Wohnraum innovative urbane Gemeingüter hervorbringen und alternative Wege der demokratischen Stadtentwicklung aufzeigen kann. Ausgehend von den verknüpften Konzepte »Recht auf Stadt« und »radikaler Demokratie«, verfolgt der Artikel die Entwicklung des Commons- und commoning-Konzepts, von der Ressourcenverwaltung bis zur zeitgenössischen Kunst. Untersucht werden dann Herausforderungen und Perspektiven bei der Förderung von Sharing- und commoning-Initiativen in städtischen Kontexten, sowie die hierfür notwendigen stadtpolitischen Veränderungen.
Kapitel 2 Neue öffentliche Räume: Konzepte und Beispiele
Authors: Koch Florian , Buzwan-Morell Josefine , Cermeño Helena
Published: February 2024

Florian Koch, Josefine Buzwan-Morell und Helena Cermeño plädieren in diesem Beitrag für eine neuartige Perspektive auf öffentliche Räume und verdeutlichen wie sogenannte neue öffentliche Räume (d.h. temporäre, private oder multikodierte Räume) verschiedene Funktionen übernehmen können. Im Rahmen des StadtTeilen-Projekts wird die Fragestellung behandelt, welche Potenziale für die Neugestaltung öffentlicher Räume existieren und inwiefern das Teilen von Raum dazu beitragen kann. Dabei wird die Schaffung neuer öffentlicher Räume als eine Möglichkeit betrachtet, durch gemeinschaftliche Aktivitäten neue urbane Gemeingüter zu generieren. Beispiele aus diversen europäischen Städten werden in diesem Beitrag kurz präsentiert, um diese Perspektive zu illustrieren.
Does Integration Still Take Place 'at the Local Level'?
Authors: Lietz Roman , Loska Magdalena
Published: February 2024

Roman Lietz and Magdalena Loska discuss in this chapter the (German) integration paradigm which argues that integration takes place 'at the local level', i.e. in the social sphere, at school, at work, in sports clubs, etc. The Internet seems to challenge the logic of this integration paradigm. Contacts to the native society as well as to 'established migrants' no longer have to take place in the analogue 'neighbourhood', but have been increasingly occurring on the Internet. Integration continues to take place 'at a local level', but the 'local level' is no longer solely to be understood in a material sense.
The Bodies We Are (Not)
Authors: Velsinger Antje
Published: February 2024

In Western neo-liberal society, the human body is increasingly used as an »identity project« and »designable object«. Antje Velsinger investigates these specific roles of the body and develops choreographic strategies for becoming unfamiliar to the own self and play as two means for emancipating the body from the neo-liberal imperative of optimization and control. Theoretical and practical artistic perspectives are in constant dialogue throughout this study. It uses the choreographic field as a gray area between theory and practice to imagine, propose, and rehearse an alternative approach to the body.
Translations and Participation
Authors: Dinkelaker Jörg , Wenten Klara-Aylin
Published: February 2024

The chapter discusses overarching issues of the cross-disciplinary debate on how translations and participation interrelate. Emphasizing the nuanced simultaneity of forging common ground while preserving distinctions that are typical for translational practices, we delve into the implications for participation dynamics. The demand for both precision and creativity in translating content for specific audiences and contexts emerges as a crucial factor in facilitating a successful involvement. We posit that translational practices are inherently political, as each translation involves decisions regarding the different social contexts, expectations of participants, and the conditions under which participation occurs.
The recognition of foreign professionality
Authors: Vatter Anne
Published: February 2024

Anne Vatter analyses labor market integration of qualified migrants as a continuous transformation process of skills and knowledge. Empirically, actions in organizations are examined by looking at counselling, further training and offices for the recognition of foreign qualifications. The focus here is on the materialization of information in this process. It is shown that informal practices are of great importance for the assessment of qualifications and further training in the skilled crafts sector, as e.g. the right organizations can be difficult to find for foreign skilled workers and personal skills influence the existence of further training.
Chicago im Red Summer 1919
Authors: Saldern Adelheid von
Published: February 2024

Der Aufstand weißer Rowdies und ihrer Hintermänner gegen African Americans wird unter Herausstellung der Grenzthematik erzählt. Den unter Wohnungsnot leidenden Schwarzen wurden Überschreitungen der Segregationsgrenzen vorgeworfen und von weißen Akteuren durch Gewalthandlungen beantwortet. Durch Verwüstungen und Brandstiftungen ihrer Häuser entstanden Nicht-Mehr-Orte (liminal spaces). Sicherheitszonen mussten eingerichtet werden, um die Situation zu beruhigen. In einer Kommission, die sich zu gleichen Teilen aus Weißen und Schwarzen zusammensetzte, wurden die racial Segregationsstrukturen ausführlich bearbeitet und diskutiert, so dass eine Art Dritter Raum entstand. Bewirkt hat die Kommission allerdings kaum etwas, im Gegenteil. Die Segregation nahm weiterhin Fahrt auf.
Grenzverwischungen
Authors: Baumeister Martin
Published: February 2024

Martin Baumeister widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage der fließenden Grenzen zwischen literarischer Erzählung und Geschichtswissenschaft am Beispiel eines internationalen Bestsellers, einer Mussolini-Biographie in Romanform von Antonio Scurati. Analysiert werden die Reaktionen von Historikern auf den Roman zwischen Abwehr und Zustimmung im Wechselspiel mit Deutungen des Werks durch den Autor. Dabei wird der Anspruch des »Dokumentarromans« auf historische Authentizität und Objektivität mit Blick auf die narrativen Techniken des Textes hinterfragt. Scuratis Behauptung, mit den Mitteln seines Romans einen »neuen Antifaschismus« zu befördern, erweist sich angesichts seiner Grenzverwischungen zwischen Fiktion und historischer Analyse als hoch problematisch und ambivalent.
Daňový domicil sportovců, výhody a rizika jeho přesunu
Authors: Večeř Miroslava
Published: February 2024

Athletes are a specific category of taxpayers. Due to their high global mobility, when they travel to tournaments and matches often around the world, or work in a foreign club, the question of determining their tax residence as a place where they are considered resident for tax purposes is a key and often difficult task for tax administrators. From the point of view of taxation of athletes‘ income, a situation may arise where it is not possible to base the determination of the tax residency of an athlete solely on the criteria laid down by the Income Tax Act, but it is necessary to apply to a specific case the provisions of double taxation treaties which, as international treaties, take precedence over the Czech law. Therefore, this paper deals with the issue of determining tax residency, but also tries to identify the nature and significance of the benefits and risks associated with changing tax residency, because it is athletes who are taxpayer participants who often deal with the question of how to move through tax residency to reduce the amount of their tax obligations. Therefore, this paper also addresses the potential risks associated with moving domicile and tries to find answers to the question of whether the tax benefits and potential benefits outweigh the possible risks.
Asystować umieraniu. Przypadek Świderskiego
Authors: Żynis Bernadetta
Published: February 2024

Artykuł pokazuje na przykładzie książki Bronisława Świderskiego Asystent śmierci możliwości i niebezpieczeństwa terapii narracją. Zdaje się, że każdy rodzaj terapii jest tylko/aż mechanizmem obronnym, pomagającym wytrwać w ludzkiej kondycji i zmierzyć się z jej śmiertelnością. Książka opisuje też zagrożenia współczesnej demokracji kapitalistycznej, która merkantylizując ludzkie życie i śmierć, zmierza ku dystopii.
Terapia międzypokoleniowej narracji w Stanie splątania Roksany Jędrzejewskiej-Wróbel. Studium relacji
Authors: Wądolny-Tatar Katarzyna
Published: February 2024

Powieść Roksany Jędrzejewskiej-Wróbel przedstawia społeczny świat w stanie naruszenia pokoleniowych relacji. Tytułowy „stan splątania” nie ma tu (wyłącznie) patograficznego nacechowania, ale przeradza się w społeczne splatanie (niczym w koncepcji Bruno Latoura). Świat wewnętrzny postaci: trojga nastolatków na tle szkolnej grupy rówieśniczej, trojga seniorów na tle innych pensjonariuszy domu opieki dla starszych osób, rodziców i nauczycieli tej pierwszej grupy – jest wewnętrznie skomplikowany, a pokoleniowe relacje wymuszają konieczność myślenia terapeutycznego. Przestrzenią komunikującą, generującą metafory zamknięcia (jak ‘pudełko’, ‘przechowalnia’, ‘klatka’), jest instytucja i terytorium szkoły, zamknięty ośrodek dla seniorów, strzeżone osiedle mieszkalne. Metaforą swobodnej egzystencji i habituacji staje się natomiast las (niczym w koncepcjach Henry`ego Davida Thoreau). Terapia międzypokoleniowej narracji, jaką uprawia Roksana Jędrzejewska-Wróbel, przeciwdziała ryzyku zbytniej indywiduacji doświadczenia, jego pojedynczości i osobności, utraty funkcji performatywno-emancypacyjnej tekstu. Pisarka włącza w dyskurs terapeutyczny inne: afektywny, maladyczny, żałobny. Dokonuje społecznej inkluzji grup peryferyjnych, mówiąc o warunkach tworzenia wspólnot, mając na uwadze zasadnicze funkcje tworzenia narracji o doświadczeniu – tutaj: izolacji, obojętności, osamotnienia, marazmu, oportunizmu – poznawczą, edukacyjną, terapeutyczną.
The outcome of reduced and non-reduced triplet pregnancies managed in a tertiary hospital during a 15-year-period – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jernman Riina Maria , Rissanen Annu-Riikka Susanna , Stefanovic Vedran
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Triplet pregnancies involve several complications, the most important being prematurity as virtually all triplets are born preterm. We conducted this study to compare the outcomes of reduced vs. non-reduced triplet pregnancies managed in the largest tertiary hospital in Finland.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study in the Helsinki University Hospital during 2006–2020. Data on the pregnancies, parturients and newborns were collected from patient records. The fetal number, chorionicity and amnionicity were defined in first-trimester ultrasound screening. The main outcome measures were perinatal and neonatal mortality of non-reduced triplets, compared to twins and singletons selectively reduced of triplet pregnancies.

Results

There were 57 initially triplet pregnancies and 35 of these continued as non-reduced triplets and resulted in the delivery of 104 liveborn children. The remaining 22 cases were spontaneously or medically reduced to twins (9) or singletons (13). Most (54.4 %) triplet pregnancies were spontaneous. There were no significant differences in gestational age at delivery between triplets (mean 33+0, median 34+0) and those reduced to twins (mean 32+5, median 36+0). The survival at one week of age was higher for triplets compared to twins (p<0.00001).

Conclusions

Most pregnancies continued as non-reduced triplets, which were born at a similar gestational age but with a significantly higher liveborn rate compared to those reduced to twins. There were no early neonatal deaths among cases reduced to singletons. Prematurity was the greatest concern for multiples in this cohort, whereas the small numbers may explain the lack of difference in gestational age between these groups.
Towards Crack Arrest Testing Using Miniature Specimens
Authors: Scibetta M. , Link R. , Schuurmans J. , Lucon E.
Published: February 2024

Crack arrest is an important concept that can be useful to guarantee the safety of reactor pressure vessels. In case of a pressurized thermal shock, a postulated crack can initiate and arrest due to a decrease in driving force combined with an increase in material toughness due to the thermal and neutron embrittlement gradient along the thickness. Due to the size of the specimen and the difficulty in obtaining valid results according to the ASTM E1221-06 standard, “Standard Test Method for Determining Plane-Strain Crack-Arrest Fracture Toughness, KIa, of Ferritic Steels,” current efforts to develop this technique for irradiated materials are very limited. However, advances in dynamic fracture modeling and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics open the possibility of using miniature crack arrest specimens. We have developed a stiff setup to perform crack arrest tests on precracked Charpy (PCCv) specimens. Different strategies were evaluated to provide enough reduction in driving force to produce arrest. Special attention is given to the starter notch and different starter notch preparations are investigated: precracking, chevron, and brittle weld. Testing configurations were found that guarantee crack arrest with sufficient remaining ligament. The dynamic loading condition is investigated experimentally using strain gauges. Finite element calculations of an arresting crack are also performed in order to provide more insight of the loading after the crack arrest event. Although it is not yet possible to derive the arrest fracture toughness from the PCCv testing, results are encouraging and open new perspectives in the field of crack arrest determination.
Effects of Surface Morphology and Distributed Inclusions on the Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Miniaturized Specimens of F82H Steel
Authors: Kim S. W. , Tanigawa H. , Hirose T. , Kohyama A.
Published: February 2024

Depending on the pulse lengths, the operating conditions, and the thermal conductivity, oscillating temperature gradients will cause elastic and elastic-plastic cyclic deformation giving rise to (creep) fatigue in the structural first wall and blanket components of a nuclear fusion reactor. Small specimen testing technology (SSTT) and related remote control testing techniques are indispensable for the effective use of the limited volumes of materials test reactor and proposed intense neutron sources for the fusion materials test. In order to perform an accurate fatigue lifetime assessment using small specimens, the effects of material factors (surface morphology, inclusion, etc.) on low cycle fatigue (LCF) is mandatory. In this work, the LCF properties of reduced activation ferritic∕martensitic steel (F82H IEA heat) were examined for three kinds of surface morphology using miniaturized hourglass-type fatigue specimens (SF-1), and a correlation between LCF crack initiation∕propagation and distribution of inclusions was found. Fracture surfaces and crack initiation sites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Surveillance of the Fracture Behavior of Zircaloy-4 Welds Using the Small Punch Test
Authors: Wei T. , Carr D. G. , Li H. , Smith K. , Harrison R. P.
Published: February 2024

Zircaloy-4 (Zr-4) is a zirconium alloy that has been used extensively within the nuclear industry in both power generation and research reactors. The potential for welded reactor core components to undergo embrittlement during neutron irradiation is an important materials property issue to be considered throughout the service life of the reactor. Of particular interest is the performance of welded joints which depend on the properties of both the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the parent metal. For this work Zr-4 HAZ was simulated using a Gleeble weld simulator to rapidly bring the material into the β-Zr zone at peak temperatures of 1200 and 1400°C. The small punch (SP) test was then used to investigate the variation in fracture behavior of these narrow zones of the weld and compare them with the parent metal. A finite element analysis (FEA) model of the SP test was developed which can be used to predict the deformation and fracture behavior of Zr-4 welds and is compared with the experimental data obtained.
Investigation of Material Fatigue Behavior through Cyclic Ball Indentation Testing
Authors: Prakash Raghu V. , Bhokardole Prashant , Shin Chow Shing
Published: February 2024

An experimental investigation of cyclic indentation testing to characterize the fatigue response of three different metallic materials: two aluminum alloys (2014-T651 and 7175-T7351) and a duplex stainless steel (2205), was carried out. The force-displacement response during cyclic loading was logged continuously throughout the entire duration of the test and the data were analyzed to identify parameters such as change in total depth of penetration, change in loading and unloading slopes, change in unloading intercept as a function of number of cycles, and change in displacement range as a function of number of cycles. From the results, one could identify the transient response of the material during cyclic loading, and identify some specific points relating to fatigue failure life, such as knee-point response in depth of penetration as a function of number of cycles of loading. It was observed that data on unloading slope plotted as a function of number of cycles also provide an indication of specimen failure in compression-compression fatigue. The responses were found to be similar for all the three materials tested at different maximum compressive force levels. Failure life data in the low cycle fatigue (LCF) region was evaluated for Al-Cu-Mg alloy 7175-T7351 and the data compared with the failure indicators (knee point) during cyclic indentation testing. A reasonable correlation was established between failure life, as indicated by LCF testing and knee point indicated by cyclic indentation. Experiments were also carried out on virgin material of 7175-T7351 alloy and plastically deformed material of the same alloy. Both static and cyclic indentation tests show a difference in material behavior before and after residual plastic deformation. Further work is required to correlate failure life data as obtained from cyclic indentation with specimens having controlled damage levels, before this technique can be used for residual life estimation purposes.
VIABILIDADE TÉCNICA E ECONÔMICA NA MUDANÇA DO PROCESSO DE FUNDIÇÃO - ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA INDÚSTRIA DE METAIS SANITÁRIOS
Authors: Bentes Flavio Maldonado , Das Neves Diego Batista , Ferreira Fernando De Oliveira
Published: February 2024

Fabricação é transformar matérias-primas em produtos acabados com tamanho e dimensões com propriedades mecânicas adequadas ao seu uso. Tais produtos podem ser obtidos como utensílios domésticos simples ou peças mecânicas de alta tecnologia usadas nas indústrias de aviação e aeroespacial. O surgimento das mais diversas tecnologias de recursos de produção se deve a constante busca do aprender, as informações são atualizadas à medida que são desenvolvidas, a procura do conhecimento deve ser um hábito área. A fundição de produtos com cavidades solicita um molde e um macho para a criação do núcleo central, vários métodos podem ser utilizados. Esse artigo tem como finalidade investigar a viabilidade na alteração do procedimento de criação de machos de moldagem em de Hot Box para Shell Molding. Um estudo de caso em uma empresa de torreiras de latão visando maior eficácia e menores perdas de produção. As perdas de fundição foram investigadas e os dados foram coletados sobre o tempo de ciclo, rendimento e desperdício da matriz por etapa do processo. Com esses dados, calculou-se o tempo de produção de resíduos perdido para cada método, portanto, foi definido que essa mudança aumentasse a produtividade geral da fundição em 5,9%. A viabilidade econômica do projeto da mesma forma foi calculada, levando em consideração os custos dos equipamentos, retrofits e treinamentos.
Using Amylase Beads to Investigate Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
Authors: Chan Kennedy Kam Ho , Shun Ho Dickson Tik , Pan Lau David Siu
Published: February 2024

Existing laboratory protocols for investigating the effects of factors affecting enzyme activity often require extensive hands-on manipulations and time. This can result in students either not getting the desired results or being distracted from thinking about the scientific ideas underlying the experimental designs and procedures of these protocols. In this paper, we present a lesson plan that includes a simple microscale laboratory protocol that allows students to study the action of amylase on starch and to investigate the effects of various factors (i.e., temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and competitive reversible inhibitors) on enzyme activity using immobilized amylase beads. We also show how to engage students in thinking about procedural knowledge, such as repeating measurements, measurement range, and interval. These concepts are critical to designing valid and reliable scientific investigations.
Modifying the Gram Stain Lab for Skill Proficiency and Conceptual Understanding
Authors: Miller Holly A.
Published: February 2024

Traditional microbiology laboratory activities tend to focus solely on skill development, leaving untapped the great potential for students’ deep understanding of underlying fundamental microbiology concepts. To address this issue, I present an inquiry-based instructional sequence for a common skill-based lab in undergraduate majors’ and non-majors’ biology: the Gram stain. The modified lab includes elements of inquiry without completely overhauling the original activity to allow for both skill-based and conceptual knowledge development. With a few alterations, this instructional sequence could easily be tailored to suit similar microbiology labs. This instructional sequence could also be used to modify biology labs into inquiry lessons at any grade level.
Using Titles of COVID-19 Publications to Learn the Epidemiologic Triangle of Infectious Disease
Authors: Liao Min-Ken , Lewis Gregory P.
Published: February 2024

Using the epidemiologic triangle framework (i.e., agent, host, environment), this early-semester activity was designed to help students both understand the multifaceted nature of COVID-19 and relax their tendency to compartmentalize knowledge. Specifically, the activity asked students to categorize the titles of 24 COVID-related research papers into the three categories (agent, host, environment) and 12 arbitrary subcategories. Instead of giving lectures and making students read research papers, we engaged them in reviewing and categorizing the titles to better understand the epidemiologic triangle. Students’ content knowledge about COVID-related jargon was significantly improved and their attitude toward reading research papers was improved in some cases. Their responses toward the activity were overwhelmingly positive. Therefore, in this paper, we also provide additional suggestions for applications.
Eficacia de la terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico en periodontitis: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Sánchez Lozano Jesús , Martínez Pizarro Sandra
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Analizar la eficacia de la terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico como adyuvante en el tratamiento de la periodontitis. Materiales y métodos: En los últimos años se ha sugerido el uso de la terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico en estos pacientes. Este tratamiento se utiliza para acelerar la recuperación del tejido y mejorar sus aspectos fisiológicos, proporcionando un mayor suministro de oxígeno al tejido dañado. Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión siguiendo la normativa PRISMA. Se han utilizado las bases de datos internacionales de PubMed vía MEDLINE, WOS, Academic Search Complete, Cinahl, SPORTDiscus, IBECS, Lilacs, PsycINFO, SCIELO y CENTRAL. Se usó Cochrane para estipular el riesgo de sesgo y la calidad de la evidencia se analizó mediante GRADE. Resultados: La oxigenoterapia hiperbárica es eficaz en la periodontitis. La cantidad de participantes en esta revisión ha sido de 149 individuos de un total de 5 estudios. El número de sesiones totales osciló entre 5 y 20 y   la duración de aplicación de la terapia fue de una hora por sesión. Conclusión: La terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico es eficaz en la periodontitis. Esta terapia reduce el índice gingival, el sangrado del surco, la profundad del sondaje, la pérdida de inserción, y el volumen del líquido crevicular gingival.