bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Exploration of Patient‐Ventilator Monitoring Intensity, Therapeutic Intervention Intensity, and Compliance with Lung Protective Guidelines in a Cohort of Patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Jones Terry L.
Published: February 2010

Background: The current approach to mechanical ventilation for Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Acute Lung Injury (ALI) involves maintaining key patient‐ventilator parameters within established lung protective targets. Monitoring is part of the processes of nursing care believed to guide therapeutic intervention and facilitate compliance with these targets. Empirical relationships between monitoring, therapeutic intervention, and compliance with these practice guidelines have not been adequately explored.

Methods: A retrospective observational design was used to explore relationships between monitoring intensity, therapeutic intervention intensity, and compliance with a lung protective philosophy of mechanical ventilation in a cohort of patients with ARDS or ALI. Compliance with lung protective targets was measured as the proportion of time oxygen saturation, alveolar distending pressure, and tidal volume were maintained within recommended guidelines as evidenced by medical record documentation. Monitoring intensity and therapeutic intervention intensity were based on the frequency of recorded assessments and interventions in the medical record.

Results: Monitoring intensity correlated positively with both severity of illness (r = 0.39) and with therapeutic intervention intensity (r = 0.30), and was inversely related to compliance with lung protective guidelines (CLPG) (r =−0.34). A regression model including monitoring intensity, severity of illness, risk for abdominal hypertension, and CLPG was statistically significant (p = 0.02) but explained little of the variance in compliance with lung protective parameters (R2= 0.13).

Discussion and Conclusions: Compliance with recommended lung protective parameters in the absence of standardized monitoring and intervention protocols is suboptimal. Preliminary evidence of positive relationships between monitoring and both severity of illness and therapeutic intervention was established. Control for nursing and physician practice variation is needed to rule out the influence of surveillance and performance bias on collaborative practice outcomes. Explicit standardized protocols that address the frequency of assessments and interventions along with therapeutic targets are recommended for collaborative practice guidelines.
Depression as a Potential Explanation for Gender Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life among Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Lopes Gildete Barreto , Matos Cácia Mendes , Leite Eneida Barreto , Martins Maria Tereza Silveira , Martins Márcia Silva , Silva Luciana Ferreira , Robinson Bruce M. , Port Friedrich K. , James Sherman A. , Lopes Antonio Alberto
Published: February 2010

Background/Aims: The reasons for lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores in women compared to men on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are unknown. We investigated whether depression accounts for gender differences in HRQOL. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 868 (40.9% women) Brazilian MHD patients (PROHEMO Study). We used the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form to assess HRQOL and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale (scores from 0–60) to assess depression with scores ≧18 indicating high depression probability. Results: Higher depression scores were associated with lower HRQOL in both sexes. Women had higher depression scores; 51.8% of women versus 38.2% of men (p < 0.001) had CES-D scores ≧18. Women scored lower on all 9 assessed HRQOL scales. The female-to-male differences in HRQOL were slightly reduced with inclusion of Kt/V and comorbidities in regression models. Substantial additional reductions in female-to-male differences in all HRQOL scales were observed after including depression scores in the models, by 50.9% for symptoms/problems related to renal failure, by 71.6% for mental health and by 87.1% for energy/vitality. Conclusions: Lower HRQOL among women was largely explained by depression symptoms. Results support greater emphasis on treating depression to improve HRQOL in MHD patients, particularly women.
Infrared Densitometry: A Fast and Non-Destructive Method for Exact Stratum Corneum Depth Calculation for in vitro Tape-Stripping
Authors: Hahn T. , Hansen S. , Neumann D. , Kostka K.-H. , Lehr C.-M. , Muys L. , Schaefer U.F.
Published: February 2010

The investigation of drug penetration into the stratum corneum (SC) by tape-stripping requires an accurate measure of the amount of SC on each tape-strip in order to determine the depth inside the SC. This study applies infrared densitometry (IR-D) to in vitro tape-stripping using the novel Squame Scan® 850A. The device had recently been shown to provide accurate measurements of the SC depth for tape-stripping in vivo. Furthermore, the suitability of IR-D for determining the endpoint of tape-stripping, i.e. complete SC removal, was tested. The SC depth was computed from the IR-D data of sequential tape-strips and compared to the results of a protein assay as gold standard. IR-D provided accurate depth results both for freshly excised skin and for skin stored frozen for up to 3 months. In addition, the lower limit of quantification of IR-D indicates the complete removal of the SC (less than 5% of the total SC remaining) and can be used for adjusting the number of tapes applied in situ. Therefore, IR-D is an accurate, fast and non-destructive method for SC depth determination.
An International Sensitivity Index (ISI) derived from patients with abnormal liver function improves agreement between INRs determined with different reagents
Authors: Smith Julie , Maclean Rhona , Kitchen Steve , Sermon Anne
Published: February 2010

The International Normalised Ratio (INR)/International Sensitivity Index (ISI) system was developed as a way to standardise the prothrombin time during the monitoring of patients undergoing oral anti-coagulant therapy with vitamin K antagonists. The wide acceptance of the INR has led to its use as one of three parameters used in the Model for End stage Liver disease (MELD) scoring system to aid the prioritisation of patients for liver transplant. Literature published recently has highlighted the potential inadequacy of the INR system in this context. Our aim was to investigate the degree of difference between INR values calculated using an ISI derived from warfarinised patients and those calculated using an ISI derived from patients with liver disease. Prothrombin times from 60 patients with liver disease were determined using three working thromboplastin reagents; Innovin®, Thromborel S® and Thromboplastin C® and two reference thromboplastins; rTF/95 and RBT/05. All thromboplastin reagents tested had standard international sensitivity indices (ISIs) assigned following calibration with patients on oral anticoagulant therapy (ISIvka). As a result of the new calibration each of the working thromboplastin reagents was assigned a specific “liver patient” ISI. Two INR values were calculated for each thromboplastin patient involved in the calibration. A comparison of the mean INRliver with INRvka showed a statistically significant difference between the two values (p<0.0001). A similar relationship existed for INRs on a further 20 patients with liver disease whose plasmas were not used to derive the ISIliver. This difference led to a change in the final MELD score and could therefore affect the prioritisation and management of these patients.
Avertable Deaths Associated With Household Income in Virginia
Authors: Woolf Steven H. , Jones Resa M. , Johnson Robert E. , Phillips Robert L. , Oliver M. Norman , Bazemore Andrew , Vichare Anushree
Published: February 2010

Objectives. We estimated how many deaths would be averted if the entire population of Virginia experienced the mortality rates of the 5 most affluent counties or cities.

Methods. Using census data and vital statistics for the years 1990 through 2006, we applied the mortality rates of the 5 counties/cities with the highest median household income to the populations of all counties and cities in the state.

Results. If the mortality rates of the reference population had applied to the entire state, 24.3% of deaths in Virginia from 1990 through 2006 (range = 21.8%–28.1%) would not have occurred. An annual mean of 12 954 deaths would have been averted (range = 10 548–14 569), totaling 220 211 deaths from 1990 through 2006. In some of the most disadvantaged areas of the state, nearly half of deaths would have been averted.

Conclusions. Favorable conditions that exist in areas with high household incomes exert a major influence on mortality rates. The corollary—that health suffers when society is exposed to economic stresses—is especially timely amid the current recession. Further research must clarify the extent to which individual-level factors (e.g., earnings, education, race, health insurance) and community characteristics can improve health outcomes.
Trade in Health Service: Unfair Competition of Pharmaceutical Products in Nepal
Authors: Subedi Madhusudan
Published: February 2010

About 35 percent of the total demand for medicines in Nepal is covered by Nepali Pharmaceutical companies, and such companies are moving ahead for producing different kinds of medicines. The Government of Nepal, Department of Drug Administration (DDA) has formulated different regulations and guidelines to ensure ethical practices in the medical sector of Nepal. Ethical Promotion of Medicine-2007 was developed and released to encourage the improvement of health care through the rational use of medicine and discourage unethical practices. It is distressing that the guidelines have not been implemented properly due to the conflict of interests among concerned stakeholders. The cost of medicine has been very expensive and poor people have always suffered. Key Words: Bonus; Ethical Guideline; Unethical Practices; Pharmaceutical Regulation; Conflict of Interest DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v3i0.2783 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.3 2009 123-142
Some Remarks on the Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology (Volume II)
Authors: Chhetri Ram B
Published: February 2010

DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v3i0.2788 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.3 2009 197-200
Characteristics and risk factors of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Eastern and Central Nepal
Authors: Banjara MR , Sirawaraporn W , Petmitr S , Imwong M , Joshi AB , Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr P
Published: February 2010

Background: Very limited information is available on epidemiology of falciparum malaria in Nepal. Such information is very important for malaria control programmes. It is believed that malaria in Eastern region is imported from border districts of India and local transmission follows whereas it is indigenous in Central region. Therefore, the characteristics and risk factors of malaria are believed to be different in Eastern and Central Nepal. Objective: The objective of the study is to describe and compare the characteristics and risk factors of falciparum malaria in Eastern and Central Nepal. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in falciparum malaria endemic districts of Eastern and Central Nepal, during the period 2007 to 2008. We identified and collected information from 106 patients (62 from Eastern and 44 from Central region). Patient examination, clinical and laboratory assessment were done and patients were interviewed using structured questionnaire for malaria related characteristics, risk factors and behaviours. Results: There were significant differences in risk factors and characteristics of falciparum malaria in the Central than the Eastern region. In the Central region, male, illiteracy and thatched roof hut were significant risk factors of falciparum malaria patients as compared to the Eastern region. Visits outside within one months, previous malaria within three months, taking antimalarial before confirmatory diagnosis were significantly higher in patients of the Eastern region as compared to the Central region. Conclusion: Falciparum malaria in Nepal should not be seen as similar entity, and different strategies for prevention and control is needed for its diverse characteristics and endemicity. Key words: Eastern and Central Nepal; falciparum malaria; risk factors DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v7i4.2758 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009) Vol.7, No.4 Issue 28, 378-382
Pharmacovigilance: Urgent need in midwestern region of Nepal
Authors: Khanal S , Gyawali S , Kanodia R , Rathor RS
Published: February 2010

DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v7i4.2776 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009) Vol.7, No.4 Issue 28, 470
Is Land Inalienable? Historical and Current Debates on Land Transfers in Northern Ghana
Authors: Lentz Carola
Published: February 2010

The article traces the history of debates on land transfers in northern Ghana and discusses the ways in which African and European views on land tenure influenced and instrumentalized each other. Using the case of Nandom in the Upper West Region, I analyse how an expansionist group of Dagara farmers gained access to and legitimized control over land previously held by a group of Sisala hunters and farmers claiming to be the ‘first-comers’ to the area. Both groups acknowledge that the Sisala eventually transferred land to the Dagara immigrants, symbolically effected by the transmission of an earth-shrine stone. However, the Sisala interpret this historical event in terms of a ‘gift’, invoking the language of kinship and continued dependency, while the Dagara construe it in terms of a ‘purchase’, implicating exchange, equality and autonomy. These different perspectives, as well as colonial officials' ideas that land ownership was ultimately vested in the ancestors of the first-comer lineage and therefore ‘inalienable’, have shaped early disputes about the Nandom earth shrine and Dagara property rights. Competing conceptions of pre-colonial African land tenure continue to provide powerful arguments in current land conflicts, and shrinking land reserves as well as the political implications of landed property, in the context of decentralization policies, have exacerbated the debate on the ‘inalienability’ of land.
Silanol dyes for solar cells: higher efficiency and significant durability
Authors: Unno Masafumi , Kakiage Kenji , Yamamura Masaki , Kogure Takehiro , Kyomen Toru , Hanaya Minoru
Published: February 2010

Azobenzene‐containing silanol dyes were synthesized, and their applicability to dye‐sensitized solar cells was investigated. Silanol dyes showed better effectiveness when compared with conventional carboxy‐substituted azobenzene dyes. Moreover, silanol dyes showed better durability than carboxyl dyes; ∼90% of silanol dyes remained intact on the TiO2 electrode of the solar cell after being immersed in water for 96 h, whereas in the case of carboxy dyes this figure was less than 20%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix pencil equivalents of symmetric polynomial matrices
Authors: Karampetakis Nicholas P.
Published: February 2010

A new family of companion forms for polynomials and polynomial matrices has recently been developed in (Lin. Algebra Appl. 2003; 372: 325–331; Electron. J. Lin. Algebra 2004; 11:78–87) respectively. The application of these new companion forms to polynomial matrices with symmetries has been examined in (Electron. J. Lin. Algebra 2006; 15:107–114). In this work we extend the results presented in (Electron. J. Lin. Algebra 2006; 15:107–114) to the case of 2‐D polynomial matrices. Thus, we provide a new matrix pencil that preserves both the symmetric structure and the structural invariants, of the original 2‐D polynomial matrix. The results are also extended to the polynomial system matrix case. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐(α‐Hydroxy‐β‐carbonyl) Oxindoles by a ScIII‐Catalyzed Direct Aldol‐Type Reaction
Authors: Shen Ke , Liu Xiaohua , Zheng Ke , Li Wei , Hu Xiaolei , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: February 2010

A direct catalytic asymmetric aldol‐type reaction of 3‐substituted‐2‐oxindoles with glyoxal derivatives and ethyl trifluoropyruvate, catalyzed by a chiral N,N′‐dioxide–Sc(OTf)3 (Tf=trifluoromethanesulfonyl) complex, has been developed that tolerates a wide range of substrates. The reaction proceeds in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 93 % yield, 99:1 diastereomeric ratio (dr), and >99 % enantiomeric excess (ee)) under mild conditions, to deliver 3‐(α‐hydroxy‐β‐carbonyl) oxindoles with vicinal quaternary–tertiary or quaternary–quaternary stereocenters. Even with 1 mol % catalyst loading or on scaleup (10 mmol of starting material), maintenance of ee was observed, which showed the potential value of the catalyst system. In studies probing the reaction mechanism, a positive nonlinear effect was observed and ScIII‐based enolate intermediates were detected by using ESIMS. On the basis of the experimental results and previous reports, a possible catalytic cycle was assumed.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermediate‐Valent Ce23Ru7Mg4 and RE23Ru7Mg4 (RE: La, Pr, Nd) with Pr23Ir7Mg4‐Type Structure.
Authors: Linsinger Stefan , Eul Matthias , Hermes Wilfried , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence Properties of a Novel Red Emitting Phosphor, Mg2GeO4:Sm3+.
Authors: Yang Hong‐Mei , Wang Zhengliang , Gong Meng‐Lian , Liang Hongbin
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vectorial Growth/Regulations in a {P8W48}‐Type Polyoxotungstate Compartment: Trapped Unusual Molybdenum Oxide Acts as a Handle.
Authors: Sousa Filipa L. , Boegge Hartmut , Merca Alice , Gouzerh Pierre , Thouvenot Rene , Mueller Achim
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of a New Hexagonal Phase in the Al—Cu—Re System.
Authors: Meshi L. , Grushko B. , Ezersky V.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Extension of Pnictide Oxide Chemistry — Salt Flux Synthesis and Structure of La5Cu4As4O4Cl2.
Authors: Eul Matthias , Johrendt Dirk , Poettgen Rainer
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Allylic Amination of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates Catalyzed by Modified Cinchona Alkaloids.
Authors: Zhang Shan‐Jun , Cui Hai‐Lei , Jiang Kun , Li Rui , Ding Zhen‐Yu , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of [3]Dendralenes from 1,3‐Dienic Allylic Carbonates.
Authors: Beydoun Kassem , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Sundararaju Basker , Demerseman Bernard , Achard Mathieu , Xi Zhenfeng , Bruneau Christian
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Chlorinated Arenes by One‐Pot Cyclizations of 4‐Chloro‐1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Wolf Verena , Adeel Muhammad , Reim Stefanie , Villinger Alexander , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Zinc Halides for the Formation of C(sp2)—C(sp3) Bonds: Scope and Mechanism.
Authors: Phapale Vilas B. , Guisan‐Ceinos Manuel , Bunuel Elena , Cardenas Diego J.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Aryl Cuprates to Azides: A Novel Approach for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diaryl Amines.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. Subba , Borkar Prashant , Reddy P. Janardhan
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Allylic, Homoallylic, and Bishomoallylic Alcohols with Aldehydes and N‐Tosylimines: Insights into the Mechanism.
Authors: Ahlsten Nanna , Martin‐Matute Belen
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sp—sp3 C—C Bond Formation via Fe(OTf)3/TfOH Cocatalyzed Coupling Reaction of Terminal Alkynes with Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Xiang Shi‐Kai , Zhang Li‐He , Jiao Ning
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organocatalytic Synthesis of cis‐N‐Alkyl‐ and N‐Arylaziridine Carboxylates.
Authors: Bew Sean P. , Carrington Rachel , Hughes David L. , Liddle John , Pesce Paolo
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Au(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reaction of Amide‐ or Ester‐Tethered 1,6‐Enynes to Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐6‐en‐2‐ones.
Authors: Lee Young Tak , Kang Youn Kyung , Chung Young Keun
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Hydroalkylation of Alkynes: Addition of sp3 C—H Bonds Across Carbon—Carbon Triple Bonds.
Authors: Huang Lehao , Cheng Kai , Yao Bangben , Zhao Jinlong , Zhang Yuhong
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck‐Intermolecular Direct Arylation Reactions.
Authors: Rene Olivier , Lapointe David , Fagnou Keith
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Procedure for the Synthesis of N‐Substituted 2‐(Arylmethyl)pyrrolidines from 1‐Aryl‐2‐cyclopropylalkynes and Primary Amines by a Hydroamination/Cyclopropylimine Rearrangement/Reduction Sequence.
Authors: Graebe Kerstin , Zwafelink Bjoern , Doye Sven
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Prolines by Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and Alkenes Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoramidite‐Silver(I) Complexes.
Authors: Najera Carmen , Retamosa Maria de Gracia , Martin‐Rodriguez Maria , Sansano Jose M. , de Cozar Abel , Cossio Fernando P.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of New 6‐Substituted 5‐Methyl‐5,6‐dihydrocyclohepta[b]indole‐9,10‐dicarboxylic Anhydrides.
Authors: Levchenko P. V. , Shepelenko E. N. , Kuz'mina L. G. , Makarova N. I. , Metelitsa A. V. , Rybalkin V. P. , Bren' V. A. , Minkin V. I.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica‐Supported Aminopyridinium Halides for Catalytic Transformations of Epoxides to Cyclic Carbonates under Atmospheric Pressure of Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Motokura Ken , Itagaki Shintaro , Iwasawa Yasuhiro , Miyaji Akimitsu , Baba Toshihide
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of 1‐Functionalized‐alkyl‐1H‐indazoles.
Authors: Hunt Kevin W. , Moreno David A. , Suiter Nicole , Clark Christopher T. , Kim Ganghyeok
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Active Catalyst for Huisgen 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions Based on the Tris(triazolyl)methanol—Cu(I) Structure.
Authors: Oezcubukcu Salih , Ozkal Erhan , Jimeno Ciril , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Apparent Copper(II)‐Accelerated Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition.
Authors: Brotherton Wendy S. , Michaels Heather A. , Simmons J. Tyler , Clark Ronald J. , Dalal Naresh S. , Zhu Lei
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Cobalt(II) Phthalocyanine‐Catalyzed Reduction of Flavones with Sodium Borohydride.
Authors: Kumari Pratibha , Chauhan Poonam , Chauhan Shive M. S.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Pyridylpyrroles from N‐Acylated Amino Acids.
Authors: Harju Kirsi , Manevski Nenad , Yli‐Kauhaluoma Jari
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicatalytic Tandem Reactions of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoximes with Isocyanides.
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Yu Xingxin , Su Mingchao , Yang Xiaodi , Wu Jie
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Amidation in Substituted 4‐Iodopyrazoles Leading to the Synthesis of Pyrazolo[4,3‐b]pyridin‐5‐ones.
Authors: Nag Somnath , Nayak Maloy , Batra Sanjay
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polyaza Macrocycles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of 1,2‐Dibromobenzene and 2‐Bromo‐1,3‐dichlorobenzene.
Authors: Averin A. D. , Shukhaev A. V. , Buryak A. K. , Beletskaya I. P.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to the Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 4‐(Diethoxyphosphoryl)isoxazoles from 3‐Azidoalka‐1,3‐dienylphosphonates.
Authors: Brel Valery K.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CuO Nanoparticles: An Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Organic Diselenides with Aryl Boronic Acids.
Authors: Alves Diego , Santos Cayane G. , Paixao Marcio W. , Soares Letiere C. , de Souza Diego , Rodrigues Oscar E. D. , Braga Antonio L.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Stereospecific Addition of Amino Acids to Acylacetylenes: A Facile Synthesis of New N‐Acylvinyl Derivatives of Amino Acids.
Authors: Glotova Tatyana E. , Dvorko Marina Yu. , Ushakov Igor A. , Chipanina Nina N. , Kazheva Olga N. , Chekhlov Anatolii N. , Dyachenko Oleg A. , Gusarova Nina K. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of the Bulbs of Habranthus brachyandrus and Their Cytotoxic Activities.
Authors: Jitsuno Maki , Yokosuka Akihito , Sakagami Hiroshi , Mimaki Yoshihiro
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Construction of Azetidin‐2‐ones by Electrochemical Intramolecular C—C Bond Forming Reaction.
Authors: Minato Daishirou , Mizuta Satoshi , Kuriyama Masami , Matsumura Yoshihiro , Onomura Osamu
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms of the Gold‐Catalyzed Water‐Gas Shift
Authors: Bond Geoffrey
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Anion‐Mediated Asymmetric Ion Pairing Chemistry
Authors: Lacour Jerome , Moraleda Delphine
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fullerene Self‐Assembly and Supramolecular Nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Er‐Yun , Wang Chun‐Ru
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Gold Catalysis
Authors: Ramon Ruben S. , Gaillard Sylvain , Nolan Steven P.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced Design of Catalyst Surfaces with Metal Complexes for Selective Catalysis
Authors: Tada Mizuki , Iwasawa Yasuhiro
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical‐Based Arylation Methods
Authors: Vaillard Santiago E. , Schulte Birte , Studer Armido
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Biology of LL‐37
Authors: Burton Matthew F. , Steel Patrick G.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Marriage of Convenience: Combining the Power of Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reactions with the Versatility of (Hetero)norbornene Chemistry
Authors: Basso Andrea , Banfi Luca , Riva Renata
Published: February 2010

Isocyanide‐based multicomponent reactions (I‐MCRs) represent a milestone in combinatorial chemistry. Recently, efforts have been made to include I‐MCRs in tandem or sequential pathways to synthesise more complex molecules, and the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene (norbornene) moiety has been demonstrated to be a very versatile scaffold when employed to broaden the scope of the multicomponent approach, making it perfectly suited for diversity‐oriented synthesis. In addition to this, the (hetero)norbornane/norbornene scaffold has been shown to influence the stereocontrol of the multicomponent condensation strongly, in some instances making this synthetic approach completely stereoselective. Finally, because of their intrinsic complexity, the resulting molecular entities can find many applications, from biology to polymer science. This review summarises the results obtained in this emerging field.
Leadership, rhetoric, and formalist literary theory
Authors: Morrell Kevin
Published: February 2010

In his article, “Educational Research: The Hardest Science of All,” policy scholar David Berliner (2002) asserts that “no unpoetic description of the human condition can ever be complete” (p. 20). Berliner's words echo the epistemological and methodological climate of late 1970s and early 1980s social science research, a phase often characterized as the “literary turn.” In this historical moment, social science scholars turned to interdisciplinary sources, most notably literary theory and the humanities, for new means of addressing the ineffable, aesthetic aspects of human activity. This work and emphasis remains a prominent, growing genre within several fields, exemplified by widespread recognition of Margaret Wheatley's poetic approach to leadership inquiry and pedagogy (2009), frequent inclusion of aesthetic works in leading research journals (such as Qualitative Inquiry), and recent creation of arts‐ and humanities‐based educational research criteria for submissions to the American Educational Research Association's annual conference and sponsored journals.

No field of inquiry better illustrates the need to understand human activity as “poetic” than leadership, which is perhaps the quintessential marker of social existence. Accordingly, in this symposium we wish to explore how such interdisciplinary approaches, specifically those grounded in the humanities, have manifested in leadership inquiry and pedagogy. It is our hope that this collection of essays will illustrate the breadth and depth of the field of leadership studies, as well as offer our readers new perspectives and inspiration in their own research and practice.
The revision of intermolecular interactions in 1,3‐dinitrobenzene crystal—the role of nitro groups in optical nonlinearity
Authors: Trzebiatowska‐Gusowska M. , Piela K. , Misiaszek T. , Szostak M. M. , Baran J.
Published: February 2010

Polarized Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) reflectance spectra and powder Raman spectra have been measured for 1,3‐dinitrobenzene crystal in order to revise the assignments of bands by means of the oriented gas model reinforced with quantum chemical [density functional theory (DFT)] calculations. Longitudinal optical/transverse optical (LO‐TO) splitting of some bands is observed indicating medium strong, long‐range, dipole–dipole interactions. The analysis of overtones in the polarized FT‐NIR spectra has allowed us to estimate the anharmonicity of vibrations in the crystal. The molecular motions of the nitro groups are analyzed on the basis of temperature‐dependent polycrystalline IR spectra. Based on the values of the energy difference (Δνel) between the forbidden A1g→B2u transition in the benzene molecule in the gas phase and the first electronic transition in 1,3‐dinitrobenzene, it has been concluded that the intermolecular interactions are medium strong. The nitro group interactions are proposed to play the main role in the optical nonlinearity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Western Australian sandalwood seed oil: new opportunities
Authors: Hettiarachchi Dhanushka , Liu Yandi , Fox John , Sunderland Bruce
Published: February 2010

Western Australian Sandalwood (Santalum spicatum R.Br.) is an economically important timber crop. Sandalwood seeds have been identified as a potential secondary source of income prior to harvesting the tree. Chemical and toxicological studies of the seed have found that the kernels contain nearly 50% of a drying oil. This oil is comprised mainly of unsaturated fatty acids. The presence of an unusual acetylenic fatty acid has been confirmed. The oil was found to cause no pathological abnormalities in mice but reduced fat deposition. Acetylenic fatty acids are known to inhibit eicosanoids and stimulate certain enzymes, even though dietary consumption is yet to be trialled. The oil has potential uses in cosmetic and external pharmaceutical applications. Vegetable oils used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations require high oxidation stability and antioxidant activity and benefit from the presence of other compounds such as sterols and tocopherols. This article summarises the research conducted over a half a century on sandalwood seeds and considers suitable uses and the future research needed to commercialise this oil.
Ranking measures for radially Moore graphs
Authors: Capdevila Carles , Conde Josep , Exoo Geoffrey , Gimbert Joan , López Nacho
Published: February 2010

For graphs with maximum degree d and diameter k, an upper bound on the number of vertices in the graphs is provided by the well‐known Moore bound (denoted by Md,k). Graphs that achieve this bound (Moore graphs) are very rare, and determining how close one can come to the Moore bound has been a major topic in graph theory. Of particular note in this regard are the cage problem and the degree/diameter problem. In this article, we take a different approach and consider questions that arise when we fix the number of vertices in the graph at the Moore bound, but relax, by one, the diameter constraint on a subset of the vertices. In this context, regular graphs of degree d, radius k, diameter k + 1, and order equal to Md,k are called radially Moore graphs. We consider two specific questions. First, we consider the existence question (extending the work of Knor), and second, we consider some natural measures of how well a radially Moore graph approximates a Moore graph. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010
New supersymmetric AdS4 type II vacua
Authors: Tsimpis D.
Published: February 2010

We review the supersymmetric AdS4 ×wℳ︁6 backgrounds of type IIA/IIB supergravity constructed in [1]. In type IIA the supersymmetry is 𝒩 = 2, and the six‐dimensional internal space is locally an S2 bundle over a four‐dimensional Kähler‐Einstein base; in IIB the internal space is the direct product of a circle and a five‐dimensional squashed Sasaki‐Einstein manifold. These backgrounds do not contain any sources, all fluxes (including the Romans mass in IIA) are generally non‐zero, and the dilaton and warp factor are non‐constant. The IIA solutions include the massive deformations of the IIA reduction of the eleven‐dimensional AdS4 × Yp,q solutions, and had been predicted to exist on the basis of the AdS4/CFT3 correspondence.
Evaluating stream restoration: A case study from two partially developed 4th order Connecticut, U.S.A. streams and evaluation monitoring strategies
Authors: Schiff R. , Benoit G. , MacBroom J.
Published: February 2010

Stream rehabilitation and enhancement projects in the Norwalk River (urban‐forest watershed) and Merrick Brook (agriculture‐forest watershed) were evaluated. Instream structure installation, streambank stabilization and meander re‐creation were performed 2–5 years before monitoring. Physical, chemical and biological variables were monitored at control, enhanced (treatment sites originally controls), impaired and rehabilitated (treatment sites originally impaired) sites for three field seasons to evaluate the projects and formulate monitoring strategies. Small improvements in local habitat and macroinvertebrate assemblages were observed at rehabilitated sites on the Norwalk River however control conditions were not attained. Changes to stream health were less evident at the reach scale suggesting that watershed processes that form and maintain habitat were too altered for more widespread recovery. A localized sediment source from a failing streambank was eliminated from Merrick Brook protecting the abundant nearby quality habitat, yet fining occurred at the rehabilitation site due to hydraulic changes leading to localized shifts in macroinvertebrate assemblages. Single‐season sampling created a useful snapshot to compare enhanced and rehabilitated sites to control and impaired sites. We recommend a tiered sampling strategy where effectiveness monitoring may include a detailed effort at many sites over a short time (as performed here), a relatively low level of detail (e.g. a rapid assessment) at an intermediate number of sites over a short time, and a detailed long‐term monitoring at few sites (e.g. before‐after‐control‐impact, BACI). More research is needed to continue the trend of increased project evaluation to advance the science and application of stream restoration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.