bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between risk stratification for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Hui , Cui Long‐Biao , Liu Yuliang , Han Xiaoli , Chi Jing , Yang Bijun , Chen Hong
Published: March 2020

Background

The association of clinical risk factors, in particular deep vein thrombosis (DVT), with risk stratification for pulmonary embolism (PE) remains to be identified. We therefore aimed to establish the relationship between risk stratification of PE patients and DVT of lower extremities.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 93 out of 485 PE patients with uncompleted clinical data were excluded, resulting in 392 patients included for analysis. Based on the ESC criteria, 24, 171, and 197 patients were categorized into high (6.1%), intermediate (43.6%), and low risk (50.3%) subgroups, respectively.

Results

DVT was detected in 304 patients (77.6%). The incidence of DVT in patients with high and intermediate risk PE was much lower than in those patients with low risk PE (67.2% vs 87.8%, P < .0001). Further analyses of the 304 patients with DVT showed higher incidence of high and intermediate risk PE in patients with isolated distal DVT than proximal DVT (59.0% vs 39.1%, P = .005), with asymptomatic DVT than symptomatic DVT (63.0% vs 36.8%, P < .0001), and with bilateral DVT than unilateral DVT (54.5% vs 39.9%, P = .03). Stepwise logistic regression showed that symptomatic or asymptomatic DVT was an independent risk factor for risk stratification of PE patients with DVT (0.320, 95% confidence interval, 0.186‐0.550).

Conclusions

Patients with high and intermediate risk PE presented lower incidence of DVT compared with patients with low risk PE. In PE patients with comorbid DVT, asymptomatic DVT is an independent risk factor for high and intermediate risk of PE.
A standard set of person‐centred outcomes for diabetes mellitus: results of an international and unified approach
Authors: Nano J. , Carinci F. , Okunade O. , Whittaker S. , Walbaum M. , Barnard‐Kelly K. , Barthelmes D. , Benson T. , Calderon‐Margalit R. , Dennaoui J. , Fraser S. , Haig R. , Hernández‐Jimenéz S. , Levitt N. , Mbanya J. C. , Naqvi S. , Peters A. L. , Peyrot M. , Prabhaharan M. , Pumerantz A. , Raposo J. , Santana M. , Schmitt A. , Skovlund S. E. , Garcia‐Ulloa A. C. , Wee H.‐L. , Zaletel J. , Massi‐Benedetti M. ,   the Diabetes Working Group of the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM)
Published: March 2020

Aims

To select a core list of standard outcomes for diabetes to be routinely applied internationally, including patient‐reported outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a structured systematic review of outcome measures, focusing on adults with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. This process was followed by a consensus‐driven modified Delphi panel, including a multidisciplinary group of academics, health professionals and people with diabetes. External feedback to validate the set of outcome measures was sought from people with diabetes and health professionals.

Results

The panel identified an essential set of clinical outcomes related to diabetes control, acute events, chronic complications, health service utilisation, and survival that can be measured using routine administrative data and/or clinical records. Three instruments were recommended for annual measurement of patient‐reported outcome measures: the WHO Well‐Being Index for psychological well‐being; the depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression; and the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale for diabetes distress. A range of factors related to demographic, diagnostic profile, lifestyle, social support and treatment of diabetes were also identified for case‐mix adjustment.

Conclusions

We recommend the standard set identified in this study for use in routine practice to monitor, benchmark and improve diabetes care. The inclusion of patient‐reported outcomes enables people living with diabetes to report directly on their condition in a structured way.
Incretin‐based drugs and risk of lung cancer among individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Rouette J. , Yin H. , Yu O. H. Y. , Bouganim N. , Platt R. W. , Azoulay L.
Published: March 2020

Aim

To assess whether dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists are associated with an increased lung cancer risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We identified 130 340 individuals newly treated with antidiabetes drugs between January 2007 and March 2017, with follow‐up until March 2018. We used a time‐varying approach to model use of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists compared with use of other second‐ or third‐line antidiabetes drugs. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios, with 95% CIs, of incident lung cancer associated with use of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, separately, by cumulative duration of use, and by time since initiation.

Results

A total of 790 individuals were newly diagnosed with lung cancer (median follow‐up 4.6 years, incidence rate 1.5/1000 person‐years, 95% CI 1.4–1.6). Compared with use of second‐/third‐line drugs, use of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists was not associated with an increased lung cancer risk (hazard ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.87–1.32, and hazard ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.68–1.54, respectively). There was no evidence of duration–response relationships.

Conclusions

In individuals with type 2 diabetes, use of incretin‐based drugs was not associated with increased lung cancer risk.
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and Guillain‐Barré Syndrome: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Dardiotis Efthimios , Sokratous Maria , Tsouris Zisis , Siokas Vasileios , Mentis Alexios‐Fotios A. , Aloizou Athina‐Maria , Michalopoulou Amalia , Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Xiromerisiou Georgia , Deretzi Georgia , Kountouras Jannis , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M.
Published: March 2020

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is a Gram‐negative bacterium, considered to trigger autoimmune gastrointestinal disorders. This pathogen has also been linked to the autoimmune sequelae in extra‐gastrointestinal diseases and peripheral neuropathies. Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a serious autoimmune demyelinating disorder of peripheral nerves, usually with a post‐infectious onset. About 30% of cases of GBS attributed to by Campylobacter jejuni, so, H pylori, could be also involved. Growing evidence suggests the likely involvement of H pylori infection in the development of GBS. The aim of the current study was to therefore estimate the prevalence of H pylori antibodies in GBS.

Methods

A search of the literature was performed, using the PUBMED database, until December 2018. Data were extracted from six case‐control studies, and a stratification analysis was conducted according to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum detection material.

Results

Among 29 records found, 6 studies met in the inclusion criteria for the meta‐analysis. In the CSF subgroup, 105 participants were involved (40 GBS patients and 65 controls), while the serum subgroup included 325 participants (152 GBS and 173 controls). Data were combined using a fixed‐effects model. Anti‐H pylori IgG were significantly more prevalent in GBS patients compared to controls, in both CSF (95% CI: 9.66‐186.56, OR: 42.45, Pz < .00001) and serum (95% CI: 1.30‐4.11, OR: 2.31, Pz: .004) subgroups.

Conclusion

The present meta‐analysis showed a strong association between GBS and the presence of H pylori antibodies, especially in CSF, thereby suggesting a role of H pylori infection in the pathophysiology of GBS.
Genetic analysis redraws the management boundaries for the European sprat
Authors: Quintela María , Kvamme Cecilie , Bekkevold Dorte , Nash Richard D. M. , Jansson Eeva , Sørvik Anne Grete , Taggart John B. , Skaala Øystein , Dahle Geir , Glover Kevin A.
Published: March 2020

Sustainable fisheries management requires detailed knowledge of population genetic structure. The European sprat is an important commercial fish distributed from Morocco to the Arctic circle, Baltic, Mediterranean, and Black seas. Prior to 2018, annual catch advice on sprat from the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) was based on five putative stocks: (a) North Sea, (b) Kattegat–Skagerrak and Norwegian fjords, (c) Baltic Sea, (d) West of Scotland—southern Celtic Seas, and (e) English Channel. However, there were concerns that the sprat advice on stock size estimates management plan inadequately reflected the underlying biological units. Here, we used ddRAD sequencing to develop 91 SNPs that were thereafter used to genotype approximately 2,500 fish from 40 locations. Three highly distinct and relatively homogenous genetic groups were identified: (a) Norwegian fjords; (b) Northeast Atlantic including the North Sea, Kattegat–Skagerrak, Celtic Sea, and Bay of Biscay; and (c) Baltic Sea. Evidence of genetic admixture and possibly physical mixing was detected in samples collected from the transition zone between the North and Baltic seas, but not between any of the other groups. These results have already been implemented by ICES with the decision to merge the North Sea and the Kattegat–Skagerrak sprat to be assessed as a single unit, thus demonstrating that genetic data can be rapidly absorbed to align harvest regimes and biological units.
Agent‐based modelling reveals strategies to reduce the fitness and metastatic potential of circulating tumour cell clusters
Authors: Campenni Marco , May Alexander N. , Boddy Amy , Harris Valerie , Nedelcu Aurora M.
Published: March 2020

Metastasis—the ability of cancer cells to disperse throughout the body and establish new tumours at distant locations—is responsible for most cancer‐related deaths. Although both single and clusters of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have been isolated from cancer patients, CTC clusters are generally associated with higher metastatic potential and worse prognosis. From an evolutionary perspective, being part of a cluster can provide cells with several benefits both in terms of survival (e.g. protection) and reproduction (group dispersal). Thus, strategies aimed at inducing cluster dissociation could decrease the metastatic potential of CTCs. However, finding agents or conditions that induce the dissociation of CTC clusters is hampered by the fact that their detection, isolation and propagation remain challenging. Here, we used a mechanistic agent‐based model to (a) investigate the response of CTC clusters of various sizes and densities to different challenges—in terms of cell survival and cluster stability, and (b) make predictions as to the combination of factors and parameter values that could decrease the fitness and metastatic potential of CTC clusters. Our model shows that the resilience and stability of CTC clusters are dependent on both their size and density. Also, CTC clusters of distinct sizes and densities respond differently to changes in resource availability, with high‐density clusters being least affected. In terms of responses to microenvironmental threats (such as drugs), increasing their intensity is, generally, least effective on high‐density clusters. Lastly, we found that combining various levels of resource availability and threat intensity can be more effective at decreasing the survival of CTC clusters than each factor alone. We suggest that the complex effects that cluster density and size showed on both the resilience and stability of the CTC clusters are likely to have significant consequences for their metastatic potential and responses to therapies.
The highs and lows of herring: A meta‐analysis of patterns and factors in herring collapse and recovery
Authors: Trochta John T. , Branch Trevor A. , Shelton Andrew O. , Hay Douglas E.
Published: March 2020

Pacific and Atlantic herring populations (genus Clupea) commonly experience episodic collapse and recovery. Recovery time durations are of great importance for the sustainability of fisheries and ecosystems. We collated information from 64 herring populations to characterize herring fluctuations and determine the time scales at low biomass and at high and low recruitment, and use generalized linear models and Random Survival Forests to identify the most important bottom‐up, top‐down and intrinsic factors influencing recovery times. Compared to non‐forage fish taxa, herring decline to lower minima, recover to higher maxima and show larger changes in biomass, implying herring are more prone to booms and busts than non‐forage fish species. Large year classes are more common in herring, but occur infrequently and are uncorrelated among regionally grouped stocks, implying local drivers of high recruitment. Management differs between Pacific and Atlantic herring fisheries, where at similarly low biomass, Pacific fisheries tend to be closed while Atlantic fisheries remain open. This difference had no apparent effect on herring recovery times, which averaged 11 years, although most stocks with longer recovery periods had not yet recovered at the end of the observation period. Biomass recovery is best explained by median recruitment and variability in sea surface height anomalies and sea surface temperatures—higher variability leads to shorter recovery times. In addition, the duration of recruitment failure is closely linked with low biomass. While recovery times rely on the nature of the relationship between spawning biomass and recruitment, they are still largely governed by complex and uncertain processes.
Sitting In: The Experience of Learning and Practicing Family Therapy through Being a Co‐Therapist in Hong Kong
Authors: Xia Lily L. L. , Ma Joyce L. C.
Published: March 2020

This article explores family therapy trainees’ subjective experiences of working as cotherapists with a supervisory‐level therapist in a Chinese context, regarding their perceptions of and positioning in it and also their opinions on the benefits and/or pitfalls of cotherapy. Individual interviews with a total of six cotherapists revealed three themes: (1) Cotherapy was perceived as an experiential learning journey that evolved from anxiety and excitement to empowerment and nurturing; (2) a collaborative master–apprentice relationship of openness, trust, and mutual respect was developed with both sides’ interactive effort, which included common commitment and concern for the client, the supervisor’s awareness and explicit address of the role hierarchy, principle setting prior to the cooperation, and honest pre‐ and‐postsession sharing and discussion; (3) the dual‐purpose supervisor–trainee cotherapy brought direct benefits for all involved parties and for others. The findings have useful implications for integrating treatment and training for optimal training/learning outcomes and for advancing knowledge transfer from senior to junior and from academia to the field, with reference to local cultural characteristics.
Platelet function defects and sertraline‐induced bleeding: a case report
Authors: Strumia Mathilde , Guerrero Felipe , Maurel‐Ribes Agnès , Garcia Cédric , Payrastre Bernard , Bagheri Haleh
Published: March 2020

A 71‐year‐old man is admitted for nose bleeds recurring for several days. His medical background shows in particular major depression for which he has been receiving sertraline for several years. The workup shows anemia, and no anomalies on head and neck CT angiography. However, further explorations suggest an acquired thrombopathy that could have contributed to the bleeding. During sertraline exposure, platelet functional exploration and platelet secretion were abnormal. Sertraline is often used as first‐line treatment of depression. Pharmacological data and spontaneous notifications suggest increased potential risk with sertraline. It appears necessary to pay attention to bleeding with sertraline use.
The application of recreational fishing survey data for ecological research, a case study from Western Port, Australia
Authors: Jenkins Gregory P. , Ball David , Coleman Rhys A. , Conron Simon
Published: March 2020

There is a world‐wide need for information on the ecology and habitat dependencies of important fish species. Recreational fishing surveys represent a potential source of data to increase our knowledge of fish distribution and habitat relationships. Here, a case study is provided on two key recreational species, King George Whiting Sillaginodes punctatus (Cuvier) and Snapper Chrysophrys auratus (Forster). The data came from a recreational fishing survey where 10,978 interviews were conducted from 1998 to 2013 in Western Port, Victoria, Australia. Spatial mapping of catch rate in relation to depth and habitat showed that S. punctatus distribution was related to seagrass cover while C. auratus distribution was related to deeper reef habitat. Juveniles of both species were more abundant in the south‐eastern section of the bay, where water quality is affected by catchment inputs. Overall, the study showed that the inclusion of spatial and habitat information in the design of recreational fishing surveys can significantly increase understanding of the ecology of key species.
Enhanced regional terrestrial carbon uptake over Korea revealed by atmospheric CO2 measurements from 1999 to 2017
Authors: Yun Jeongmin , Jeong Sujong , Ho Chang‐Hoi , Park Hoonyoung , Liu Junjie , Lee Haeyoung , Sitch Stephen , Friedlingstein Pierre , Lienert Sebastian , Lombardozzi Danica , Haverd Vanessa , Jain Atual , Zaehle Sönke , Kato Etsushi , Tian Hanqin , Vuichard Nicolas , Wiltshire Andy , Zeng Ning
Published: March 2020

Understanding changes in terrestrial carbon balance is important to improve our knowledge of the regional carbon cycle and climate change. However, evaluating regional changes in the terrestrial carbon balance is challenging due to the lack of surface flux measurements. This study reveals that the terrestrial carbon uptake over the Republic of Korea has been enhanced from 1999 to 2017 by analyzing long‐term atmospheric CO2 concentration measurements at the Anmyeondo Station (36.53°N, 126.32°E) located in the western coast. The influence of terrestrial carbon flux on atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ΔCO2) is estimated from the difference of CO2 concentrations that were influenced by the land sector (through easterly winds) and the Yellow Sea sector (through westerly winds). We find a significant trend in ΔCO2 of −4.75 ppm per decade (p < .05) during the vegetation growing season (May through October), suggesting that the regional terrestrial carbon uptake has increased relative to the surrounding ocean areas. Combined analysis with satellite measured normalized difference vegetation index and gross primary production shows that the enhanced carbon uptake is associated with significant nationwide increases in vegetation and its production. Process‐based terrestrial model and inverse model simulations estimate that regional terrestrial carbon uptake increases by up to 18.9 and 8.0 Tg C for the study period, accounting for 13.4% and 5.7% of the average annual domestic carbon emissions, respectively. Atmospheric chemical transport model simulations indicate that the enhanced terrestrial carbon sink is the primary reason for the observed ΔCO2 trend rather than anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric circulation changes. Our results highlight the fact that atmospheric CO2 measurements could open up the possibility of detecting regional changes in the terrestrial carbon cycle even where anthropogenic emissions are not negligible.
Habitat patchiness, ecological connectivity and the uneven recovery of boreal stream ecosystems from an experimental drought
Authors: Truchy Amélie , Sarremejane Romain , Muotka Timo , Mykrä Heikki , Angeler David G. , Lehosmaa Kaisa , Huusko Ari , Johnson Richard K. , Sponseller Ryan A. , McKie Brendan G.
Published: March 2020

Ongoing climate change is increasing the occurrence and intensity of drought episodes worldwide, including in boreal regions not previously regarded as drought prone, and where the impacts of drought remain poorly understood. Ecological connectivity is one factor that might influence community structure and ecosystem functioning post‐drought, by facilitating the recovery of sensitive species via dispersal at both local (e.g. a nearby habitat patch) and regional (from other systems within the same region) scales. In an outdoor mesocosm experiment, we investigated how impacts of drought on boreal stream ecosystems are altered by the spatial arrangement of local habitat patches within stream channels, and variation in ecological connectivity with a regional species pool. We measured basal ecosystem processes underlying carbon and nutrient cycling: (a) algal biomass accrual; (b) microbial respiration; and (c) decomposition of organic matter, and sampled communities of aquatic fungi and benthic invertebrates. An 8‐day drought event had strong impacts on both community structure and ecosystem functioning, including algal accrual, leaf decomposition and microbial respiration, with many of these impacts persisting even after water levels had been restored for 3.5 weeks. Enhanced connectivity with the regional species pool and increased aggregation of habitat patches also affected multiple response variables, especially those associated with microbes, and in some cases reduced the effects of drought to a small extent. This indicates that spatial processes might play a role in the resilience of communities and ecosystem functioning, given enough time. These effects were however insufficient to facilitate significant recovery in algal growth before seasonal dieback began in autumn. The limited resilience of ecosystem functioning in our experiment suggests that even short‐term droughts can have extended consequences for stream ecosystems in the world's vast boreal region, and especially on the ecosystem processes and services mediated by algal biofilms.
Trauma stabilization as an effective treatment for children with post‐traumatic stress problems in South‐East Asia
Authors: Mattheß Cordula , Farrell Derek , Mattheß Marcel , Bumke Peter , Sodemann Ute , Mattheß Helga
Published: March 2020

High numbers of children and adolescents in South‐East Asia are traumatized by either natural disasters or human‐made violence. Addressing traumatic sequelae in local populations with empirically based trauma treatments is challenged by the insufficiency inappropriately trained mental health provision. To meet this need for qualified therapists, the humanitarian/trauma capacity‐building organization, Trauma Aid Germany, trained 37 therapists in psychotraumatology, including trauma stabilization. This study analyses the impact of trauma stabilization as a sole treatment intervention for post‐traumatic stress (PTS) problems in children and adolescents. Each client was screened for PTS problems pre‐ and post‐treatment using the Child Behaviour Checklist. Trauma stabilization (including psychoeducation) was the focus for subsequent data analysis. Those excluded were clients in receipt of trauma confrontation interventions. Trauma stabilization, as a sole treatment intervention, appeared to be sufficiently effective in reducing the PTS problems. The data set suggests that trauma stabilization has the potential to be effective, efficient, and sufficient treatment intervention for PTS problems in children and adolescents. Trauma stabilization techniques have the advantage of being relatively straightforward to teach and easy to integrate into practice. They are clinically safe, flexible, adaptable to the development stage and age of the client, and culturally and spiritually sensitive. A further advantage of trauma stabilization interventions is that they are bespoke – adjusted and adapted to the specific needs of the client. The discussion considers the implications for the potential utilization of mental health nurses and paraprofessionals in low‐ and middle‐income countries in trauma stabilization interventions.
I Heart Logistics—Just Don’t Ask Me to Pay For It: Online Shopper Behavior in Response to a Delivery Carrier Upgrade and Subsequent Shipping Charge Increase
Authors: Tokar Travis , Williams Brent D. , Fugate Brian S.
Published: March 2020

The provision of outstanding delivery service is increasingly critical for retailers engaged in e‐commerce. As a result, many are interested in switching from their existing carrier to one that is more highly capable in order to better serve their customers. In making this switch, the retailer faces a dilemma: Better carriers cost more, so they will either have to accept a reduction in profit or increase the shipping charge to their customers. While research shows that shoppers recognize certain carriers as superior—and both theory and empirical evidence suggest that people are willing to accept certain cost‐justified increases to what they are charged in a transaction—studies also show that online shoppers loathe shipping charges. Thus, what is an e‐retailer to do? Through a series of vignette experiments, we examine the question of how online shoppers respond to a shipping charge increase when the retailer switches to a more highly perceived delivery carrier. Our findings show that shoppers are not particularly accepting of the switch, and while they are not likely to complain, resulting purchase intentions are notably low. Alternative strategies for implementing the carrier switch are also explored.
Reprogramming fibroblasts and peripheral blood cells from a C9ORF72 patient: A proof‐of‐principle study
Authors: Bardelli Donatella , Sassone Francesca , Colombrita Claudia , Volpe Clara , Gumina Valentina , Peverelli Silvia , Catusi Ilaria , Ratti Antonia , Silani Vincenzo , Bossolasco Patrizia
Published: March 2020

As for the majority of neurodegenerative diseases, pathological mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been challenging to study due to the difficult access to alive patients' cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a useful in vitro system for modelling human diseases. iPSCs can be theoretically obtained by reprogramming any somatic tissue although fibroblasts (FB) remain the most used cells. However, reprogramming peripheral blood cells (PB) may offer significant advantages. In order to investigate whether the choice of starting cells may affect reprogramming and motor neuron (MNs) differentiation potential, we used both FB and PB from a same C9ORF72‐mutated ALS patient to obtain iPSCs and compared several hallmarks of the pathology. We found that both iPSCs and MNs derived from the two tissues showed identical properties and features and can therefore be used interchangeably, giving the opportunity to easily obtain iPSCs from a more manageable source of cells, such as PB.
RIOK2 is negatively regulated by miR‐4744 and promotes glioma cell migration/invasion through epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Song Yunnong , Li Cheng , Jin Lei , Xing Jingsong , Sha Zhuang , Zhang Tong , Ji Daofei , Yu Rutong , Gao Shangfeng
Published: March 2020

RIOK2 is a member of RIO (right open reading frame) kinase family. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of RIO kinases in glioma cell growth and expansion. However, the role and mechanism of RIOK2 in glioma cell migration and invasion remain unclear. Wound healing assay, Transwell assay and real‐time quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR) detection of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were used to evaluate the migration/invasion of glioma cells. Western blot and qRT‐PCR were employed to measure the expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the binding between RIOK2 and miR‐4744. In addition, RIOK2 and miR‐4744 levels were quantified by qRT‐PCR and/or immunohistochemistry in glioma tissues. Transfection of RIOK2 siRNAs significantly inhibited glioma cell migration and invasion and down‐regulated the expression of MMPs (MMP2 and MMP9) and mesenchymal markers (N‐cadherin, β‐catenin, Twist1, fibronectin, ZEB‐1) in glioma cells. Overexpression of RIOK2 showed the opposite effects. MiR‐4744 directly bound to the 3'‐untranslated region of RIOK2 and negatively regulated the expression of RIOK2. Up‐regulation of miR‐4744 inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Overexpression of RIOK2 could reverse the effects of miR‐4744 up‐regulation on the migration, invasion and EMT process in glioma cells. Moreover, RIOK2 was high, while miR‐4744 was low in glioma tissues, and a negative correlation was found between them. These results suggest that RIOK2 is post‐transcriptionally targeted by miR‐4744, the low miR‐4744 and high RIOK2 levels in glioma may contribute to tumour cell infiltration through promoting the EMT.
A milestone in reaching the goal of complete remission off‐therapy in pemphigus
Authors: Yamagami J. , Kakuta R. , Amagai M.
Published: March 2020

Linked article: V.A. Jones et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020;34: e404–e405. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16322.
Obtaining optimal esthetics with veneered zirconia and lithium disilicate frameworks on substrates of different colors
Authors: Spazzin Aloísio O. , Schestatsky Ricardo , Ness Carla R. B. , Alessandretti Rodrigo , Pereira Gabriel K. R.
Published: March 2020

Objective

This study sought to describe the clinical and laboratory procedures and to discuss aspects involved in obtaining satisfactory esthetics on substrates presenting different colors.

Clinical considerations

This case report describes the clinical and laboratory procedures for obtaining an optimal esthetic result using different ceramic framework materials veneered with feldspathic ceramic over substrates of different colors. Zirconia frameworks were used for darkened substrates and were reinforced with lithium disilicate for substrates with minimal discoloration. The same feldspathic veneering ceramic was applied to provide similar translucency and color for favorable esthetics.

Conclusions

The materials explored in the present case report presented favorable aesthetic results in masking darkened substrates.

Clinical significance

Clinicians should consider the condition and color of the substrate when selecting the restorative material for masking such a condition.
Development of an approach to evaluate the failure probabilities of river levees based on expert judgement: Application to a case study
Authors: Hathout Michel , Peyras Laurent , Carvajal Claudio , Diab Youssef , Vuillet Marc
Published: March 2020

Studies carried out to analyse the risks of levees must include an evaluation of the probabilities of occurrence of different failure mechanisms. The probabilistic quantitative evaluation of these mechanisms remains difficult due to often insufficient data, the natural variability of the materials, structures that are very long, and the unavailability of mechanical models for certain failure mechanisms. This makes it necessary to call for expert judgement to evaluate the probabilities of failure. However, expert judgement generally has qualitative and subjective dimensions, and it includes biases that are liable to impair the capacities of an expert to elicit their evaluations. This article proposes an approach to processing expert judgement that includes the modalities ofIndividualexpertElicitation,Calibration,Aggregation, andDebiasing of expert judgement (IeCAD). This IeCAD approach has been developed for river levees in view to correcting biased expert evaluations in the case of evaluating the failure probability of structures.
In vitro antimicrobial effects of Myristica fragrans essential oil on foodborne pathogens and its influence on beef quality during refrigerated storage
Authors: Kiarsi Zahra , Hojjati Mohammad , Behbahani Behrooz Alizadeh , Noshad Mohammad
Published: March 2020

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) seed was subjected to the hydro‐distillation method to extract its essential oil (NEO). Its main constituents were α‐pinene (20.16%), sabinene (14.45%), and β‐pinene (13.26%) with great antimicrobial and antioxidant actions. A novel edible coating was then fabricated based on the sage seed mucilage (SSM) and NEO, to ameliorate the quality and shelf‐life of beef slices. The NEO‐loaded SSM coating was able to significantly decrease the population of total viable count, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, psychrotrophic bacteria, and fungi. Moreover, lipid oxidation of beef slices was remarkably suppressed upon the application of bioactive NEO‐loaded SSM edible coating, as compared with the control by Day 6. The coated beef sample, especially NEO‐rich SSM coated ones perceived a higher consumer acceptance and firmness than the SSM coated and noncoated samples. The SSM edible coating containing NEO could therefore have the potential to control the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and lipid oxidation, and to improve the color stability and sensory properties of meat and meat products.
Nerve Block Use after Hip Fracture: Missed Opportunities to Improve Pain Management?
Authors: Binder Ellen F.
Published: March 2020

This Editorial comments on the article by Neuman et al. in this issue.
Umbilical Cord Practices of Members of the American College of Nurse‐Midwives
Authors: Leslie Mayri Sagady , Erickson‐Owens Debra , Park Jeongyoung
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Mercer et al surveyed members of the American College of Nurse‐Midwives (ACNM) about their umbilical cord clamping practices in 2000. Over the last 20 years, a significant body of research supporting delayed cord clamping (DCC) has been published. The purpose of this study was to learn how midwives today manage the umbilical cord at birth.

Methods

To better understand the current practices of midwives, in 2017, a national online survey of ACNM members was conducted. A total of 24 questions were asked about DCC, cord milking, specific clinical circumstances, and the presence of policies or guidelines.

Results

A total of 5306 surveys were sent with 1106 responses. After applying inclusion criteria, 1050 were available for analysis. Respondents practiced in all settings: home, birth centers, and hospitals. Compared with 2000, a 46% increase in the practice of DCC was identified. In this study, 98% of the participants reported facilitating DCC for full‐term vaginal births as compared with 67% in 2000. In addition, 25% practiced DCC for near‐term and 65% for preterm neonates. Cord milking was practiced by 37% of participants. When asked about barriers to practicing DCC, 54% of participants identified time pressures to hand off the newborn as the greatest detriment. It was challenging to practice DCC in situations wherein the newborn needed resuscitation or in breech births. Far fewer midwives practice cord milking compared with DCC.

Discussion

The survey results suggest there has been an increase in the practice of DCC over the last 20 years. Cord milking is not as widely practiced as DCC, and respondents were less likely to be convinced by the evidence for cord milking. This speaks to the opportunity for more education for midwives. There is also a need for clinical guidelines that address umbilical cord management when challenging circumstances arise such as breech birth, shoulder dystocia, and the need for resuscitation.
Do CEOs Matter? Evidence from Hospitalization Events
Authors: BENNEDSEN MORTEN , PÉREZ‐GONZÁLEZ FRANCISCO , WOLFENZON DANIEL
Published: March 2020

Using variation in firms’ exposure to their CEOs resulting from hospitalization, we estimate the effect of chief executive officers (CEOs) on firm policies, holding firm‐CEO matches constant. We document three main findings. First, CEOs have a significant effect on profitability and investment. Second, CEO effects are larger for younger CEOs, in growing and family‐controlled firms, and in human‐capital‐intensive industries. Third, CEOs are unique: the hospitalization of other senior executives does not have similar effects on the performance. Overall, our findings demonstrate that CEOs are a key driver of firm performance, which suggests that CEO contingency plans are valuable.
Sexual Orientation, Geographic Proximity, and Contact Frequency Between Adult Siblings
Authors: Perales Francisco , Plage Stefanie
Published: March 2020

Objective

The aim of this study is to provide the first systematic analysis of differences in the closeness of sibling relations between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual adults.

Background

Across countries, LGB people experience poorer socioeconomic and health outcomes than heterosexual people. Although the reasons for this disadvantage are complex, low levels of family support have been recurrently identified as an important contributor. However, the available literature has concentrated on relations between LGB people and their parents, neglecting other important familial bonds—including sibling bonds.

Method

To compare the closeness of sibling relations between individuals with different sexual orientations, this study leverages unique data from an Australian national survey (Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, n = 13,157 individuals, 35,622 individual‐sibling pairs) and multilevel regression models.

Results

Key results indicated that—when compared with heterosexual individuals—LGB individuals had less frequent contact with and lived geographically farther from their siblings. The pattern of effects was similar for bisexual and gay or lesbian individuals, and stronger for male than female sexual‐minority individuals. There was only sparse evidence of moderation of these associations by individual or sibling traits.

Conclusions

The findings of this study are consistent with theoretical perspectives highlighting the unique barriers to socioeconomic inclusion experienced by individuals from sexual minorities. They suggest that these barriers begin within the nuclear family.
Why do supervisors abuse subordinates? Effects of team performance, regulatory focus, and emotional exhaustion
Authors: Fan Xue‐Ling , Wang Qi‐Qi , Liu Jun , Liu Chao , Cai Tao
Published: March 2020

Complementing previous studies on the antecedents of abusive supervision at the organizational and individual level, this study investigates how a team‐level factor (i.e., team performance) influences abusive supervision. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, we propose that low team performance may elicit abusive supervision by making supervisors emotionally exhausted. Furthermore, when faced with low team performance, supervisors with a high prevention focus may experience greater emotional exhaustion and thus display more abusive behaviours, while supervisors with a high promotion focus may be less likely to feel emotionally exhausted and thereby exhibit fewer abusive behaviours. We tested our hypotheses using three‐wave survey data collected from 130 teams within an organization. Findings showed that supervisors' emotional exhaustion mediated the negative effect of team performance on abusive supervision, while only prevention focus moderated the indirect effect of team performance on abusive supervision via emotional exhaustion. This study contributes to the literature on antecedents of abusive supervision, the relationship between abusive supervision and performance, and leadership literature broadly.

Practitioner points

As abusive supervision results from psychological stress in a specific form of emotional exhaustion, organizations need to improve supervisors’ stress‐management skills by designing relevant training or education programmes, and help them handle or recover from stress.

The study’s identification of the specific stressor (i.e., low team performance) fostering abusive supervision can increase organizations’ awareness of the issue and enable them to take appropriate interventions to reduce abusive supervision.

Confronted with low team performance, highly prevention‐focused supervisors become more emotionally exhausted and are therefore more likely to abuse subordinates. Thus, in organizations where such a stressor (i.e., low team performance) is salient, practitioners can hire supervisors with a low prevention focus, or assess, select, and promote supervisors based on their prevention focus.
Validation of a web‐based version of the Craniofacial Pain and Disability Inventory
Authors: Li Xiao‐ling , He Song‐lin , Wang Jin‐hua
Published: March 2020

Objective

To translate and cross‐culturally adapt the Craniofacial Pain and Disability Inventory (CF‐PDI) into Chinese and, to evaluate measurement properties of the web‐based version of the CF‐PDI.

Methods

The Chinese version (CF‐PDI/C) was first produced according the guidelines. Then, the web‐based version of CF‐PDI/C (eCF‐PDI/C) was developed by our team and a third‐party survey provider. The eCF‐PDI/C was distributed to patients with painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with or without headache to evaluate its psychometric properties. The reliability of the eCF‐PDI/C was detected by internal consistency and test‐retest reliability. The validity of the measure was performed through construct validity and convergent validity.

Results

A total of 206 patients were recruited. The Cronbach's α value and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) value of the eCF‐PDI/C was .912 and .82, respectively. Following exploratory factor analysis (EFA), three factors were extracted, accounting for 77.153% of the total variation. With regard to the convergent validity, the measure evidenced a good relationship with the global health question.

Conclusions

The eCF‐PDI/C displays good reliability and validity through rigorous performance tests. This can be recommended for use among patients with painful TMD with or without headache.
Food Allergy Management at School
Authors: Dupuis Roxanne , Kinsey Eliza Whiteman , Spergel Jonathan M. , Brown‐Whitehorn Terri , Graves Amy , Samuelson Kate , Epstein Caleb , Mollen Cynthia , Cannuscio Carolyn C.
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Approximately 8% of schoolchildren in the United States experience potentially life‐threatening food allergies. They must diligently avoid allergenic foods and have prompt access to epinephrine to treat anaphylaxis. These prevention strategies must be sustained without interruption, posing a range of challenges at school.

METHODS

We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 178 participants about their experiences managing food allergies outside the home. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using an iterative approach in NVivo 10.

RESULTS

Participants reported highly varied school experiences across the ecological model. They described the need to be proactive and self‐sufficient to manage food allergies. Whereas food allergy‐related social exclusion was common, participants also described positive peer interactions, including intensive peer engagement and support. They perceived that formal school policies were limited in scope and inconsistently implemented. Prevention‐oriented policies were more common in lower grades than in higher grades.

CONCLUSIONS

Poorly defined and implemented policies disrupted students' social and educational experiences at school, families' relationships with school staff, and, ultimately, the safety and wellbeing of students with allergies. Given the high prevalence of food allergies among children, these findings demonstrate the need for multiple layers of support to facilitate safe, socially inclusive food allergy management at schools.
Undergoing colonoscopy as experienced by adolescents
Authors: Vejzovic Vedrana , Örmon Karin
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study was to describe the phenomenon of undergoing colonoscopy as experienced by adolescents.

Design

This study was a qualitative study in which data were collected and analyzed in accordance with the methodological principles of Reflective Lifeworld Research with a phenomenological approach.

Methods

Face‐to‐face interviews were performed with 17 adolescents after undergoing the first colonoscopy.

Results

The phenomenon of undergoing colonoscopy as experienced by adolescents can be described as a collision between emotions and a desire to obtain answers to questions about the examination, as well as concerns about its result and the meaning of undergoing colonoscopy. The essential meaning is additionally described through its constituents: a sense of vulnerability, an opportunity for symptom explanation, and sensibility regarding information.

Conclusions

The results can be concluded in terms of the knowledge that for adolescents a colonoscopy means more than an examination. Although colonoscopy is not experienced as painful, it evokes different emotions that affect adolescents. Therefore, a psychological preparation, on an individual level, is required before the colonoscopy. Our results showed that adolescents need to understand the connection between their symptoms, their body, and the colonoscopy.
PNPLA3I148M gene variant and chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients with NAFLD: Clinical and experimental findings
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Taliento Alice , Zusi Chiara , Baselli Guido , Prati Daniele , Granata Simona , Zaza Gianluigi , Colecchia Antonio , Maffeis Claudio , Byrne Christopher D. , Valenti Luca , Targher Giovanni
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims

Emerging evidence suggests an association between patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein‐3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 (I148M protein variant) and risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the mechanisms underpinning this association are poorly understood.

Methods

We studied 157 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who underwent ultrasonography and vibration‐controlled transient elastography for diagnosing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (e‐GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2and/or abnormal albuminuria. We surveyedPNPLA3mRNA expression in human tissues, using the liver as a positive control, and also measuredPNPLA3mRNA and protein expression levels in human cell lines represented in the kidney and the liver.

Results

In all, 112 patients had NAFLD and 43 had CKD. Patients homozygous for the I148M variant (n = 11) had lower e‐GFR levels (60.6 ± 11.7 vs 77.8 ± 15.9 vs 83.5 ± 16.5 mL/min/1.73 m2,P = .0001) and higher prevalence of CKD (63.6% vs 24.2% vs 25.0%,P = .028), compared to those with I/M (n = 66) and I/I (n = 80)PNPLA3genotype. The association of I148M homozygosity with lower e‐GFR levels (P < .0001) and higher risk of CKD (adjusted‐odds ratio 6.65; 95% CI 1.65‐26.8,P = .008) was independent of liver disease severity (as detected by liver stiffness ≥7kPa) and other risk factors.PNPLA3mRNA expression was greatest in liver and renal cortex, and podocytes showed high PNPLA3 mRNA and protein levels, comparable to that of hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells respectively.

Conclusions

ThePNPLA3I148M variant was associated with CKD, independently of common renal risk factors and severity of NAFLDPNPLA3expression levels were particularly high in renal podocytes.