bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the 100th Anniversary of the Antonin Vasilyevich Sinev Department of Internal animal diseases St. Petersburg State University of veterinary medicine
Authors: Prusakov A. V. , Yashin A. V. , Vinnikova S. V. , Kulyakov G. V. , Katargin R. S. , Golodyaeva M. S.
Published: October 2022

The article provides information on the formation and development of the Antonin Vasilievich Sinev Department of Internal Animal Diseases of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine over the past hundred years. The main scientific achievements of the department are presented and chronological information about its heads is given.
The use of modern digital technologies in the implementation of control and supervisory activities in the veterinary medicine
Authors: Orekhov D. A. , Kuzmin V. A. , Nikitin G. S.
Published: October 2022

According to Article 14 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ (ed. of July 14, 2022) "On Information, Information technologies and information protection", state information systems are created in order to implement the powers of state bodies and ensure the exchange of information between these bodies, as well as for other purposes established by the Federal Law. The objectives of the creation of the federal state system in the field of veterinary medicine are fixed in Article of the Law of the Russian Federation of 05.1993 No. 4979-1 (ed. of 02.07.2021) "On Veterinary Medicine". At the same time, one of the main functions of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance is control and supervision activities. In our opinion, the Regulation on Federal State Veterinary Control (Supervision) approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 30.06.2021 No. 1097 (ed. dated 31.08.2022) insufficiently reflects the aspects of the application of federal state system in the field of veterinary medicine. At the same time, after analyzing regulatory legal acts, we can say with confidence that the further development of this system is envisaged, and corresponds to the goals of implementing the main functions of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance.
Prospects for using the drug based on melanin in treatment of dogs and cats with ureline disease
Authors: Bessarabova, E. V. , Ivannikova R. F.
Published: October 2022

The problem of urolithiasis and urostasis is widespread among small domestic animals (cats, dogs, etc.). Despite the introduction of new methods of treatment, diagnosis and prevention, attention to this pathology is growing every year. The main factors of this pathology are: an imbalance in the diet for protein and phosphorus, early castration, reduced activity, housing with insufficient walking or its complete absence, bacterial infections of the urinary system, etc. lead to the occurrence of urolithiasis among small domestic animals. This pathology is chronic, and in the absence of treatment and late contact of the owners to the veterinarian, it can result in serious complications (uremia, renal failure) and, in some cases, death of the animal. Given the severity of this problem, the search for new methods of treatment and prevention of urolithiasis is an urgent task. Even surgery does not solve this problem. As a result of external lithotripsy, there is a risk of recurrence and complications. Removal of uroliths from the urinary tract is not a guarantee of complete recovery. In order to reduce the re-formation of uroliths, complex preventive measures are carried out, including the elimination of causes. In our study, we studied the effect of the drug Melavit, containing buckwheat melanin as an active component, in the treatment of dogs and cats diagnosed with urolithiasis. It has been noted that melavite, when administered orally to dogs and cats, resulted in a reduction in the formation of urocystoliths such as struvite and mixed calculi.
Plant components as a means of fighting toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins
Authors: Popova O. S.
Published: October 2022

Mycotoxins are a major food safety concern due to their adverse health and socio-economic implications not only in the Russian Federation but worldwide. The main regulatory documents that regulate the study of feed: GOST 10852-86. Oilseeds. Acceptance rules and sampling methods; GOST 12430-66. Agricultural products. Sampling methods during quarantine inspection and examination (as amended No. 1, 2); GOST 13586.3-83. Corn. Acceptance rules and sampling methods; GOST 27668-88. Flour and bran. Acceptance and sampling methods; GOST R ISO 6497-2011. Pet food. Sample selection.

After analyzing the literature data from both Russian and foreign databases, it was found that this topic on the creation of sorption complexes in the diets of farm animals is relevant for many authors and many countries.

The era of green nanotechnology, with its potential to use plant phytochemicals to produce nanomaterials, has greatly improved their safety for agricultural use as mycotoxin detoxifying agents. The combination of nanotechnology and plant extracts, as well as their phytochemicals, has shown significant results in the pharmacological, agricultural and cosmetic industries. Nanoencapsulated phytochemicals have shown strong efficacy over free form due to increased surface area, protecting the encapsulated compounds from internal and external environmental conditions.
Efficiency of selection of highly productive dairy cows
Authors: Paderina R. V. , Vinogradova N. D.
Published: October 2022

In breeding work, a special role is given to the production, cultivation and use of highly productive animals, which provide the maximum economic income in the dairy cattle industry. The task of the research was to study the biological and economic characteristics, the characteristics of the lactation activity of highly productive holshtinized dairy cows.

The studied animal population with an average maximum lactation impact of 10,511 kg was divided by productivity level into 3 groups. As a result of the studies, it was established that for 5 years the productivity of herd cows is at a level exceeding 10 thousand kg of milk. There was also a significant advantage of group 3 animals over group 1 peers from 8 kg at the age of 10 months increased to 13 kg at the age of 12 months, earlier insemination and longer productive longevity. An analysis of the lactation activity of cows showed that already 1 lactation of cows of the 3rd group significantly exceeded the peers of the other two groups in terms of yield by 504 and 3023 kg. The inter-group differences in yield per 1 lactation were

1.6 and 6.8%, according to the average yield, they increased to 6.6 and 16.6%, and at the maximum to 15.7 and 34.6%.

Comparing the ratio of productivity of female ancestors of animals of three groups (the superiority of the maximum impact of the mother of the father over the maximum impact of the mother), it can be seen that animals of the 3rd group are obtained as a result of more homogeneous, and animals of the 1st group as a result of heterogeneous selection: the percentage of superiority is lower in them than in animals of the 1st group (38.8% and 57.3%).
Selection of Stationary Phase and Mobile Phase in High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Das Sharma Urvi , Kumar Lalit , Verma Ruchi
Published: October 2022

Selection of ideal mobile phase and stationary phase is very important to get accurate separation of mixtures or impurities as a whole. There indeed are parameters which are explained in this article, important to be kept in mind while a method development of HPLC method. But as such there is no list of such parameters and their accurate limits can be applied while method development. In this article, there have been mention of certain parameters which are generally looked for, and not exact, but optimal application of such has been discussed. When we talk about stationary phase, parameters which we tend to optimize very often include mostly commonly the pH of the analyte as well the mobile phase used and stability of the column packing material over a range of temperature. Choosing of stationary phase greatly depends on the nature of analyte. Stationary phase will depend and vary simultaneously if analyte is lipophilic or an ionic compound. In order to increase separation and increase mass transfer there have been new addition to column packing material apart from the widely used silica. New advances result into greater column loading, better flow, reduced plate height and reduced back pressure. Leaving alone stationary phase, mobile phase selection is also a task of its own. Very commonly used mobile phase solvents include acetonitrile, methanol, THF, water and buffer of salts like acetate, phosphate, etc. Apart from these traditional choices, there have been use of pressurized hot water and ionic liquids as mobile phases which are termed as “Environmental-friendly” because these solvents are devoid of any organic counterpart or organic modifier in them, which produces harmful fumes on getting heated. Apart from the environmentally friendly mobile phase options, we have some specific chemicals to be used when chemical property of the analyte is specific.
Social capital in a social network: Curitiba, a city for cars
Authors: Salles Fernanda da Rocha , Limont Marcelo , Cortese Tatiana Tucunduva Philippi , Fernandes Valdir
Published: October 2022

This article is part of the studies of the Sustainability Assessment Center (NIPAS), to analyze Curitiba’s social capital, expressed in the Colab digital social network. Colab is a social network accessible through its own account or Facebook. Its role is to provide citizens with spaces for interaction with public authorities or to publicize problems, proposals, and evaluations on aspects of cities. Thus, the research question arises: What is the social capital expressed in this social network? The methodology involved cataloging all Colab data, categorizing it according to the analytical model, and characterizing social capital. The results show that males aged between 30 and 49 interacted the most. Inspections prevailed among the three categories of Colab, inspection, proposals, and evaluations. This demonstrates that the expression of social capital is limited to occasional acts of dissatisfaction about the municipal public authority’s performance. In this case, the predominant themes are related to driving, such as parking, traffic signs, and road problems. About the macro categories of social capital, the interactions can be framed in “set of norms and values,” “citizenship,” and “sense of belonging”. The main conclusion is that although Curitiba is a city famous for its collective transportation, the predominance of social capital expressed in Colab is related to the automobile.
Validity of Carotid Doppler Ultrasound for Detection of Carotid Artery Plaque Keeping Computed Tomography Sensitivity as Reference Standard
Authors: Rehana Kanwal , Shuaib Irsa , Khan Jansher , Gul Hina , Khattak Nadia , Nawab Kalsoom
Published: October 2022

Objective: To determine the prevalence and specificity of arterial Doppler imaging pathology identification of artery blood vascular disease Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration: In the department of Radiology, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology MTI, Peshawar for the duration from January 2022 to May 2022. Methods: Total 95 patients of both genders were presented. All the patients were suffering from ischemic cerebrovascular illness. Informed written consent of all the patients were taken for detailed demographics. Doppler ultrasound was performed in every patient by a consultant radiologist. Doppler ultrasound findings were compared with Carotid artery stenosis reports. SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.11±8.40 years and had mean BMI 24.1±13.25 kg/m2. The mean duration of disease was 1.7±6.34 years. 52 (54.7%) were males and 43 (45.3%) were females. There were 56 (58.9%) cases were smokers. Comorbidities were diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, ischemic stroke and dyslipidemia. Doppler ultrasound has a 91% overall sensitivity, 77% specificity, 47.3% positive predictive value, 92.5% negative predictive value, and 80% diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: The accuracy of diagnosing Carotid artery stenosis has greatly increased over time because to technological innovation. The finding of additional measures to describe plaque susceptibility in the carotid artery has grown in importance, from monitoring the carotid artery's shrinking diameter to assessing the enhanced velocity field close to the obstruction/lesion site. The sensitivity, precision, and reliability of Artery stenosis diagnosis have improved because to computer-aided programmes used in a variety of imaging modalities. Keywords: Specificity, Carotid artery stenosis, Doppler ultrasound Sensitivity
Study of Paralysis of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve after Thyroidectomy
Authors: Billah Motasim , Durrani Saadia Nawaz , Baloch Abdul Hafeez , Khan Ali , Nadeem Muhammad , Asghar Faheem
Published: October 2022

Aim: This study was conducted using the technique of visualization of the recurrent nerves to assess the frequency of recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries in our setting. Methods: A total of 80 patients were selected for this study after a purposive sampling technique. All adult patients, regardless of age and gender, undergoing total thyroidectomy or hemi-thyroidectomy with written informed consent were included in this research. The subjects who had previously undergone thyroid surgery were not encompassed in the study. The thyroid status and preoperative analysis were made biochemically, histo-pathologically and clinically using fine needle aspiration cytology. SPSS version 21.0 was applied for data analysis. Results: The study involved 80 patients, 35 (43.8%) men and 45 (56.2%) women, and the proportion of male to female was 1.4: 2. The mean age was 46.1 years with 8.1 years standard deviation. The indications for thyroid surgery were different: solitary thyroid nodule (31.2%), multinodular goiter (47.5%) and thyroid gland carcinoma (21.3%). Some underwent a total thyroidectomy (52) and others had a hemi-thyroidectomy (28). The total incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries was unilateral and on right side in 3 cases (3.8%) established by fiber optic laryngoscopy (FOL). In both cases, the palsy was transient, as after six weeks of conservative treatment, these patients achieved full recovery of the paralyzed vocal cords. Conclusions: This analysis demonstrated that surgical exploration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve prevents undesirable nerve injury and thus reduces the frequency of paralysis of vocal cords. Therefore, we recommend routine RLN dissection and identification to minimize its injuries. Keywords: Recurrent laryngeal nerve, Injury, Vocal cords.
Frequency of Thrombocytopenia in Pregnant Females
Authors: Qurban Saima , Arshad Sanniya , Hussain Samar , Imran Sajida , Munawar Asima , Ashraf Muhammad Naim
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study was aimed to assess the frequency of thrombocytopenia in pregnant females. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, From November, 2021 to April, 2022. Methods: A total of 380 pregnant females were enrolled to examine. Blood samples from pregnant women were taken to measure the platelet counts by using hematology analyzer. For statistical significance, proportions were analyzed with the Chi square. Detailed socio-demographics of enrolled cases included age, residence, occupational status, educational status, reproductive and related characteristics and BMI were recorded after taking informed written consent. SPSS-21was used to analyze the data. Results: In this study, 380 pregnant females were included with mean age 28.1years. Majority of the females 228/380 (60%) had rural residence, 160 (42.1%) were in third trimester of their pregnancy. Frequency of thrombocytopenia was recorded in 40 pregnant females as 10.5%. Females in their third trimester had moderate thrombocytopenia of about 81.0%, in second trimester 76.0% and in first trimester 74.0% respectively. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is a frequent complication of pregnancy. In the third trimester of pregnancy, thrombocytopenia was shown to affect a disproportionately high number of the women. Most patients are asymptomatic, hence it is important to assess for it by checking the peripheral smear and platelet count often throughout pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. Keywords: Thrombocytopenia, pregnant females, third trimester.
Detection of Biological Contamination in Drinking Water Tanks and Sediments in some Areas of Mosul
Authors: Mohammad Muthana Waad , Khalil Mohammad Ibrahim , Hussein Ghaidaa Salah
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted in 10 selected areas, three on the east side of Mousl city, three on the west side of the City and four areas in Badoush which affiliated to the center of Mousl. Some physical and chemical tests were performed on water samples, such as pH and electrical conductivity, because of their importance and their impact on the properties of water. The results showed that the values of pH ranged between ( 7.5 – 8.4 ), the electrical conductivity values between ( 263.3 – 392.4 ) µs/cm, The results of biological tests also showed the presence of small number of unsatisfactory TPC bacteria in all samples while no numbers of fecal coliform bacteria or any other pathogenic bacteria appeared, some types of fungi also appeared in 7 samples, one sample had a type of yeast and tow samples were free of fungi and yeast.The results were within the permissible limits according to Iraqi or international standard, as for the fungi and yeast that appeared in the samples there are no determinations about them in the Iraqi and international specifications. Keywords: drinking water tanks, fungi, fecal coliform bacteria, biological contamination.
Evaluation of Nurses' Performance Regarding Intravenous Cannulation
Authors: Mohammed Ali Bashar R. , Al-Ashour Ibrahim Alwan , Al-Hchaim Mohammed Hakim Shamran , Aljanabi Mohammed Abdualkareem , Kadum Jinan Fadhel
Published: October 2022

Objective: aimed to evaluate nurses' performance regarding intravenous cannulation. Methodology: In order to attain the initial stated purpose, descriptive research was conducted for the current study. The research was conducted between February 20 and March 21, 2018. The research was conducted at AL-Najaf City/AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf Health Center Directorate / AL-Sader Medical City & AL-Zahra Teaching Hospital. A non-probability (accidental sample) of (100) male and female nurses working at AL-Sader Medical City and AL-Zahra Teaching Hospital with at least one year of experience. Before assigning them to the research, we received their permission. A tool for assessing the intravenous cannulation skills of nurses was used. The data were collected using the observational checklist approach of the designed questionnaire, which was observed three times using the English version of the questionnaire, and the researchers conducted interviews in the same manner. Validity of the study instrument is conducted through a panel of experts with years of experience in the nursing field. The information was analyzed using inferential statistics, which included the mean of scores, as well as descriptive statistical analysis techniques, which included frequency, percentage, and cumulative percentage. Results: According to the research, al-Sader Medical City and Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospitals in Najaf have poor or insufficient intravenous cannulation nursing abilities. In the two hospitals, it was discovered that, respectively, 94% and 82% of the nursing staff were poor. Conclusion: The research found that most nurses utilize inadequate IV cannulation techniques. The study recommendation advises nurses to join in training sessions to develop their abilities in IV cannulation. Keywords: Evaluation, Nurses' Performance, Intravenous Cannulation.
Manual Vacuum Aspiration During Early Pregnancy Failure: A Comparison of Sublingual and Vaginal Misoprostol for Pain Management
Authors: Batool Amber , Ali Saima Muhammad , Irshad Iffat , Iqbal Riffat
Published: October 2022

Objective: compare sublingual and vaginal misoprostol in terms of mean pain score during manual vacuum aspiration in cases of early pregnancy failure. Methodology: A total of 100 women with missed abortions, blighted ovaries, and 9 gm/dl haemoglobin were investigated at Wateem Medical and Dental College, Rawat, Rawalpindi. Complete medical history, physical, and obstetrical exam. Same doctor used ultrasound to determine pregnancy. Grouping of patients was done randomly (based on table of random numbers). Group (A)(n=50) was evaluated two hours after sublingual misoprostol. Group (B) (n=50) got 400 g misoprostol in their vaginal posterior fornix and were evaluated 4 hours later. Before surgery, all patients were given ibuprofen and antibiotics. Pre-measurements included blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature. Manual vacuum suction was aided by a 10ml paracervical lidocaine block. During surgery, the patient was given a VAS. All women received paracetamol after operations (two 500 mg pills). Results: Group-A and B patients' mean ages were 25.87+5.16 and 25.17+4.32 years, respectively. In Group-A, the mean gestational age was 7.17+2.54 weeks and in Group-B, 6.85+3.93. In Group-A, mean parity was 3.09+2.34 and in Group-B, 4.45+2.63. Comparing sublingual and vaginal misoprostol in terms of mean pain score during manual vacuum aspiration in early pregnancy failure demonstrates a significant difference (p 0.0001). Conclusion: We found that the average pain score during manual vacuum aspiration was much lower in cases of early pregnancy failure when misoprostol was administered vaginally as opposed to sublingually. Keywords: Early pregnancy failure, manual vacuum aspiration, misoprostol, sublingual and vaginal, efficacy
Variations in Parameters of Hepatotoxicity Induced by Anti TB Treatment with Comorbid Acute Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Kazi Asma , Aziz Aisha , Arshad Fatima , Karim Samina , Aziz Rao Salman , Rana Maheen
Published: October 2022

Objectives & background: Drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH) is a common side effect of anti-TB drugs. Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) may be confounded with chronic alcoholic hepatitis clinically, biochemically, and histologically (CAH). Place of Study: Rashid Latif Medical College Lahore Duration of Study: March 2019 to January 2021 Methods: This prospective research examined the effect of acute viral hepatitis as a contributing and confounding factor in patients with normal baseline liver function who acquired acute hepatitis while taking short-course anti-TB medication. All acute hepatitis patients' blood was analysed for hepatitis A, B, C, and E markers. Results: In 12 of 80 TB patients who developed viral hepatitis, the hepatitis E virus was present. Indicators of acute viral hepatitis included a delayed onset of acute hepatitis significant increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and a longer period for abnormal levels to normalise. Conclusions: According to our statistics, 15% of anti-TB hepatotoxic patients had AVH. Before attributing the hepatotoxic impact of anti-TB medications to DIH patients, viral hepatitis should be evaluated and ruled out in all endemic-area patients.
Histology Altering Effect of Smoking in Rodents' Trachea
Authors: Nazir Shakeela , Qaiser Fatima , Hussain Ashiq , Kazi Asma , Aziz Aisha , Shafique Rafaqat
Published: October 2022

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the cigarette smoke. Duration & Place of Study: Jan 2018 to may 2021 Rashid Latif medical college Lahore Material and Method: Two different groups of male albino rats were exposed to cigarette smoke using a specially developed smoking machine for duration of three months on a daily basis over the course of the experiment. Both populations of rats were made up entirely of albinos. Result: Significant histological abnormalities occurred in the tracheal epithelium of albino rats that were exposed to cigarette smoke for a period of three months. The rats were given the smoke. The multiplication of epithelial cells, the disruption of the cilia, and the formation of inclusion bodies were some of the alterations that occurred as a result of this. In addition to alveoli that had collapsed and blood extravasations, a considerable thickening of the alveolar wall of the lung alveoli was seen. Conclusion: These modifications show that nicotine may generate changes in tissue that are comparable to those induced by chronic irritation of tissue. This may result in a reduction in the efficiency of gaseous exchange in alveoli and may predispose to the development of neoplastic abnormalities.
Outcome of a-Blockers, with and without Corticosteroid Combination, in Medical Expulsive Therapy for Lower Ureteric Stones
Authors: Omer Muhammad , Shahid Maaz , Hassan Akhtar Syed Muhammad , Iqbal Hafiz Muhammad Mohsan , Asif Muhammad , Nishat Mufassar
Published: October 2022

Background: Urinary calculi have serious implications in urology. Lower ureteral stones can cause obstructive uropathy and subsequent deterioration of renal function. Because the patient’s symptoms and stone size do not predict loss of renal function and because there is no clear time threshold for irreversible damage, treatment should be strongly considered in any patient with ureteral stones. In this study we are comparing the results of medical expulsive therapy using alpha blockers with vs, without combination of corticosteroids as adding steroids increases the efficacy by decreasing stone expulsion time. Keywords: Ureteric calculi, stone clearance, stone expulsion time, medical expulsive therapy
Characterization Formulation and in Vitro Assesment of Pulsatile Drug Delivery of Montelukast Sodium
Authors: Rehman Abid Ur , Hassan Gul , Shah Rahman , Khalil Saifullah Khan , Ahmad Sameer , Ali Amanat , Ullah Hikmat , Khan Qudrat Ullah , Khan Amir Ullah
Published: October 2022

The Montelukast pulsatile delivery system was created with the goal of delivering the drug to the colon for successful treatment of nocturnal asthma. The microspheres were sealed within the insoluble hard gelatin capsule body with an erodible hydrogel plug to create a time delayed capsule. Emulsion solvent evaporation was used to make the microspheres. Based on dissolving tests, optimised microsphere formulations were designed. The entire device was enteric coated in order to overcome the variability in gastric emptying time and achieve colon-specific delivery. The hydrogel plug (HPMC K100 and lactose in a 1:1 ratio) with a hardness of 4.5kg/cm2 and a weight of 100 mg was placed in the capsule opening and found to be effective in delaying release of the drug in small intestinal fluid, ejecting the plug into colonic fluid, and releasing the microspheres into colonic fluid after a 5-hour lag time. Three dissolving medium with pH 1.2, 7.4, and 6.8 were employed consecutively to imitate pH fluctuations along the GI tract. The medication and polymer had no interaction, according to the FTIR analysis. Montelukast microspheres 1:4 ratio had the longest release time of all the formulations, lasting 12 hours. The results showed that the device is capable of delaying drug release for a programmable period of time and treating asthma. Keywords: Montelukast, hydrogel plugs, pulsatile delivery, nocturnal asthma, microspheres.
Preparation & Characterization of Complexes Containing Beta Lactam & Study of the Effect of Corrosion Inhibition Using Iron Resistant Stainless Steel
Authors: Ali Haneen R. , Hassan Sahar S. , Kadhim Nafeesa J.
Published: October 2022

Metal (II) complexes of Co, Ni, Cu and Zn with Amoxicillin derivative (L) were synthesized and identified by elemental analysis CHNS Uv-Vis, FTIR, TGA, metal analysis AA, magnetic susceptibility and conduct metric measurement. by analysis the ligand behaves as a bidentate. All complexes that have nickel, copper , cobalt and zinc ions were proposed as octahedral geometry shape. Protection study of the corrosion behavior of carbon steel surface was conducted with several of the zinc derivative concentrations. Experimentally, the inhibition efficiencies (%IE) in the saline solution 3.5% NaCl was examined using measurements of potentiometric polarization. The outcomes revealed that the %IE of carbon steel corrosion by amoxicillin Derivatives was 72.87%. Keywords: corrosion resistance, elemental analysis CHNS , Uv-Vis and FTIR spectroscopies, Amoxicillin derivative
The Synergistic Effect of Copper Nanoparticles and Vancomycin in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Kadhim Zahraa H. , Ahmed Mais E. , Şimşek Ilker
Published: October 2022

A new synergistic nanoparticle green synthesis from Vancomycin and CuoNPs techniques and evaluation effect invite anti- bacteria resistance methicillin-resistant S. aureus with zone of inhibition reached 20mm and characterization included UV-Visible, TEM , SEM and X-ray. rating at various concentrations (512, 256,128,64,32 and 16) μg/ml. The synergistic nanoparticle (CuoNPs) and are minimal toxicity, biology safety and antibacterial.the wound healing skin after 7 day after tretmant 64 μg/ml . Keywords: Synergistic, Vancomycin, CuoNps
Male Hypogonadism and Obesity: An Insight
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Shehzad Shahid , Khan Rashed Ali , Khan Rasif
Published: October 2022

Obesity, a clinical condition that is on the rise internationally and is highly associated to lower testosterone levels in males, is the most strongly linked clinical condition. In addition to this, it is one of the most reliable signs that a guy may require testosterone replacement medication. When it comes to obesity, the severity of the condition can determine whether the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (HPT) is suppressed. Moderate obesity, on the other hand, is typically characterized by lower levels of sex hormone binding globulin. Even though there is a connection in both directions between hypogonadism and obesity, the effect of adiposity on testosterone levels is much more significant than the impact that testosterone has on adiposity. The relationship between hypogonadism and obesity is complex and multifaceted. There are various components, both causal and correlative, on both sides of the contact, which can be thought of as a connection that goes in both directions. The number of people who are overweight or obese is increasing at an epidemic rate. In a manner quite like this, we have begun to observe a significant increase in the frequency of male hypogonadism. We are just now starting to get a better understanding of how these two ailments might interact with one another and make each other worse, as well as how treating one of these conditions can help in the treatment of the other.
Self-Reported Depression and Its Relationship with Socio-Demographic Characteristics among Medical Students
Authors: Rajar Allah Bachayo , Channa Naseem Aslam , Mugheri Muhammad Hanif
Published: October 2022

Objective: In Pakistan, among various cities, the rate of depression is reported to be between 60–70% among medical students. This study was performed to estimate the prevalence of depression and its factors among medical students at Muhammad Medical College, MirpurKhas, Sindh, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Muhammad Medical College MirpurKhas, Sindh. The study tool was a semitortured questionnaire comprising of sociodemographic questions and depression, anxiety, stress (DASS-42) self-reporting scale. Throughout the study, medical undergraduate students were hired using a random sample technique. The descriptive statistical analysis, i.e., mean, standard deviation, range, frequency, and percentages were calculated using SPSS version 26. Results: The frequency rate of male and female students was 49.5% and 50.5%, respectively. Of all the 34% of medical students who showed positive depression symptoms, 27% had mild, and 7% had moderate depression. Female students had a higher depression frequency. Concerning the factors of depression, the rural residence demonstrated a significantly negative association [0.24 (0.104-0.574)], but living in a shared room showed a non-significantly positive association [OR 2.78 (0.501-15.46)] with depression among medical students. A monthly expense of 20000 PKR revealed a non-significantly positive association [1.078 (0.409-2.84)] with depression. In addition, parental level of education showed a significant association (P<0.005) with depression. Conclusion: Female students has high frequency of depression than male students. The depression factors among medical students were found to be financial, parental education, and living in shared room. So, the appropriate policies should be implemented to reduce the burden of disease. Keywords: Frequency of depression, DASS-42 scale, Factors of Depression, Medical students.
Interplay Between Adiponectin, Resistin, Lipoprotein (A) and Prognosis in Middle to old age Female Cases with ST / Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rashid Shazia , Qureshi Javed Anver , Khurshid Rukhshan , Tahira Ismat , Shoukat Sofia , Faryal Uzma
Published: October 2022

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) refers to ST-elevated myocardial infarction and non ST elevation myocardial infarction, is the known presentation of coronary artery disease. Study was planned to explore the interplay of the adipokines, resistin / lipoprotein (a) and prognosis in middle to old age female patients with ST / Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 middle to old age female patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Consented patients were divided into 2 groups based on ST and Non ST elevation. Duration of study was six months from December 2015 to May 2016. Levels of adiponectin, lipoprotein (a) and resistin were measured. 50 healthy subjects matched for age and gender also participated in study. Results: Mean age of patients with NSTEMI was 58.89 while with STEMI was 50.59 years. Decreased levels of serum adinopectin, resistin and lipoprotein A was observed in female patients with NSTEMI in comparison with these parameters of STEMI, but significantly high level was seen in context of resistin. Positive correlation of age with serum adiponectin and resistin and a negative correlation of age with serum lipoprotein (a) was in female patients with STEMI and NSTEMI. Conclusion: Study found a direct interaction of adiponectin and resistin with strong prognosis of ST and weak prognosis of Non ST elevation of myocardial infarction; whereas lipoprotein (a) showed a strong indirect interaction with age in women with both STEMI and NSTEMI. Keywords: Adiponectin, lipoprotein (a), resistin, STEMI and NSTEMI.
Causes and Treatment of Birth Trauma-Related Femoral Fracture: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Khan Abdul Rahman , Ullah Aziz , Chandio Muhammad Shuaib , Jatoi Zulfiqar Ali , Bhatti Sajjad Hussain , Lakhani Sartaj , Keerio Niaz Hussain
Published: October 2022

Aim: To determine the causes and treatment of birth trauma related femoral fractures. Study design: A longitudinal study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at DIMC, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi from January2021 to January 2022. Methodology:The study included cases of femoral fractures in neonates caused by birth trauma. The cases of birth histories were investigated in terms of gestational age, birth weight,and mode of delivery. The category of femoral fracturesand the treatment performed were both noted. Cases were followed until they were recovered.A comprehensive clinical examination was performed. Other birth traumas, fractures, nerve palsies, and/or symptoms of other musculoskeletal, genetic diseases, such as blue sclera and hypermobile joints (osteogenesis imperfecta), were noted. Results:A total of 15 newborns with femoral fractures were included in this study.The average gestational age was 38.2 weeks, with an average diagnosis time of 3 days. In the majority of cases, the infant was born breech and delivered via Caesarean section. Eleven instances had mid-shaft fractures, while four had subtrochanteric fractures. After an average of 3.1 weeks, all patients had a complete union. Conclusion:A femoral fracture in a neonate due to birth related trauma is quite uncommon. It occurs more frequently in Caesarean sections performed for breech presentation. Preterm and/or low birth weight newborns are at a higher risk. The femur shaft is commonly fractured. The prognosis for these fractures is excellent, and they heal completely after immobilization. Keywords: Birth Trauma, Femoral Fracture, Management, Risk Factors
Relationship of Socioeconomic Status, Depression and Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Islam Asif , Siddique Samara , Fatima Tooba , Imran Yasir , Nazar Tazeen , Shabbir Summaya , Younus Zainab
Published: October 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus has different presentations and the outcome of this illness is variable. It is associated with significant psychological distress and the outcome of this disease has been shown to be influenced by socioeconomic factors. Objective: To determine the association between socioeconomic status, depression and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methodology: It was a cross sectional study carried out at department of Rheumatology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. 150 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Demographic detail, clinical history and examination findings were noted down. Socioeconomic status was assessed by history, depression was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory and disease activity was assessed by SLEDAI-2K and findings were noted down and was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.12±7.44, mean BDI score was 19.2±10.7 and mean SLEDAI-2K score was 9.94±4.91. There were 33.7% males and 66.3% females. Depression was present in 32% of the patients. Depression was more common in patients with higher scores of disease activity. This association between depression and its severity and the disease activity was found to be statistically significant as indicated by a p value of 0.04. The scores of disease activity were found to be higher in patients who were of middle socioeconomic status and low socioeconomic status i.e. in 48% and 34% respectively and the association was statistically significant (p-value 0.000). Conclusion: Depression, socioeconomic status and disease activity are significantly associated with each other in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and must be screened in every patient. Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Depression, Socioeconomic status, disease activity
Frequency of Hypoglycemia in Insulin-Treated Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shabbir Sumayya , Masood Hafiz Muhammad Umar , Khan Raja Sheraz Ullah , Jabeen Zaina , Islam Asif , Saeed Muhammad Furqan
Published: October 2022

Objective: Our study was designed to explore the frequency of hypoglycemia events in type 2 diabetic patients. We further aimed to correlate the hypoglycemia events with treatment regimes and diabetes duration. Place and Duration: Mayo Hospital Endocrine Outpatient Department. From 1-04-2022 to 30-06-2022. Study type: Clinical based study Methodology: We used the already tested questionnaire from the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society to collect the relevant information. The questionnaire was translated into the local language to facilitate the interview. Copies of the questionnaire were distributed to 1000 patients at the study site. The questionnaire was based on socio-demographic and clinical information including gender, age, duration of diabetes, treatment, frequency of hypoglycemia events, and symptoms. Chi-square was used to analyze the association of risk factors. While odd ratios were also computed at a 95% confidence interval. P-value <0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: Total of 360 cases T2DM had hypoglycemic events with a prevalence of 36%. The mean age of patients was reported as 51 years. A total of 200 cases were found in the mentioned age group with a 55.56% prevalence. Elderly age patients were also the secondary target of hypoglycemia with a prevalence ratio of 27.78%. Out of these 360 patients, 320 (86.11%) had mild to moderate hypoglycemia with symptoms of eye tarnishing, tremors, numbness of the tongue, and drowsiness while 15% of cases lost their consciousness and were categorized as severe events of hypoglycemia. Conclusion: The study concluded on a note that insulin-treated patients should be aware of the hypoglycemia events because in these cases the risk is comparatively high than in others. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Insulin, Hypoglycemia
Comparison of Efficacy of Injectable V/S Oral Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) for the Treatment of Rickets Among Children
Authors: Shahnawaz Saira , Riaz Sohaib , Ahmad Tanveer , Javaid Muhammad Faisal , Choudhary Isha Adeel
Published: October 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) injections against vitamin D taken orally in the treatment of rickets in children. Methodology: One hundred patients were chosen at random from the outdoor paediatrics department of Madina Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad, during December 2021 to June 2022 and assigned to receive either oral vitamin D 600,000 IU in three doses on the same day or intramuscular vitamin D 600,000 IU. Vitamin D and x-rays were taken as a baseline. At the 30-day mark, we checked in with every one of the kids again. Children were examined clinically, biochemically, and radiographically, and their results were documented during the subsequent checkup. Pre- and post-treatment increases in blood levels of vitamin D were compared across all groups. Keeping the blood vitamin D level at >20ng/ml at the 30-day follow-up indicated a successful course of therapy. Results: Our research comparing the effectiveness of injectable vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) and oral vitamin D for the treatment of rickets in children found that 74.29% (n=52) in Group-A and 88.57% (n=62) in Group-B were successfully treated; the p value for this comparison was 0.02. Conclusion: We found that when comparing injectable vitamin D (cholecalciferol) to oral vitamin D for treating rickets in children, the former was much more successful. Keywords: Children, Rickets, Vitamin D, injectable, oral, efficacy
Comparison of Transvaginal and Transabdominal Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Adnexal Masses
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Wasif , Batool Iffat , Ashraf Rabia , Noor Amina
Published: October 2022

Objective: Our research aims to compare the diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasonography for detecting adnexal masses. Study Design: A Comparative study Place and Duration: Conducted at Central Park Medical College, Lahore, during from the period August 2021 to January 2022. Methods: This study included 84 women. Once written consent has been obtained, we involve consideration such as aging, gender, menstrual abnormalities (Oligomenorrhea / Menstrual periods), infertility, recurrent multiple miscarriages, series of acts, acne vulgaris, and obesity. The ultrasound data included the location, size, borders, hypoechoic and dilatation of ovary lesions. Group M had 42 patients and underwent for transvaginal ultrasound, whereas group N had transabdominal ultrasound with MRI. Using histological results (positive/negative), frequency of adnexal mass among all cases were compared. SPSS 20.0 analyzed all data. Results: In group M mean parity was 3.5±2.13 and in group N parity was 2.9±4.13. Most common complaint among all cases was infertility and irregular cycle. We found that frequency of adnexal mass in group M was lower than that of group N. It was determined that the specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of transvaginal sonography were all lower than those of transabdominal sonography. Conclusion: In this study, we came to the conclusion that abdominal ultrasonography combined with MRI was superior in terms of its usefulness and efficacy in identifying adnexal masses with genuine levels of both specificity and sensitivity. Keywords: Accuracy, Transvaginal ultrasonography,Transabdominal ultrasonography, Adnexal Masses, Complications,
Examine the Incidence and Predictors of Neonatal Surgical Mortality
Authors: Iqbal Asad , Pandit Gauri Shankar , Azam Muhammad Tayyab , Burki Nahida , Rasool Hafiz Mubashir , Karim Safina , Pandit Ranjana Kumari , , Akhtar Nadeem
Published: October 2022

Objective: Aim of current study is to determine the incidence and predictors of neonatal surgical mortality. Study Design: Observational/Prospective study Place and Duration: Children Hospital PIMS.Nov-2021-April 2022 Methods: There were 130 neonates were presented in this study. Included neonates had age 1-25 days admitted to hospital for thoracic and abdominal surgery. After getting informed written consent from the parents, detailed demographics of neonates delivery was recorded. Frequency of mortality and its predictors were assessed in this study. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among 130 neonates, 80 (61.5%) were male neonates and 50 (38.5%) were females. Mean gestational age at delivery was 35.4 ±11.9 weeks and mean age at surgery was 11.8±4.52 days. Mean weight at birth was 2.10±1.27 kg. Frequency of abdominal surgery was found in 70 (53.8%) cases, followed by thoracic surgery in 35 (36.9%) cases and superficial surgery in 25 (19.2%) cases. Frequency of mortality was found in 41 (31.5%) neonates. Predictors of mortality was prolong duration of surgery, higher ISS >10, gestation age <36weeks, prolong ventilation, re-operations, high vasopressors and low birth weight with p value <0.004. Conclusion: The incidence of NSM was found to be highly reliant on both preoperative stress and postoperative treatment. As the margin for error in neonatal surgery is so small, skilled professionals are required to ensure the best possible outcomes and the shortest possible operating times. Our findings encourage the development of a risk classification score for neonatal operations. Keywords: Surgical Neonates, Complications, Mortality, Predictors
Comparison of Laparoscopic Appendectomy with Open Appendectomy with Respect to Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Khan Mohammad Shoaib , Khattak Imtiaz Ahmed , Jamil Tariq , Saqib Muhammad , Hussain Syed Aamer , Younis Sarmad
Published: October 2022

Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of wound infection in laparoscopic and open appendectomy. Study Design: A randomized, controlled study Place and Duration: In the Surgical department of Khalifa Gul Nawaz Medical Teaching Institute, Bannu and Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad for the duration from January 2021 to June 2021. Methods: In this study, 220 patients with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis were selected and divided randomly into two groups; OA group (open appendectomy) and LA group (laparoscopic) appendectomy. In both groups, the general anesthesia was given for appendectomy. The wound was examined on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd postoperative day, and then on the 7th and 14th day postoperatively and was scored conferring to the wound asepsis Score. The SSI and total wound asepsis score was calculated subsequently. Results: Total of 200 patients with acute appendicitis were selected. In laparoscopic appendectomy (LA); 22.0±7.85 years was the mean age and 24.12±9.08 years was the mean age in open appendectomy (OA) group. There were 70 men and 40 women in the LA group, and 50 men and 60 women in the OA group. The LA group has M:F ratio of 1.9: 1 in the and 1: 1.3 in the OA group. While 108 patients had no complications and surgical site infection were noticed in two patients only in the LA group, 98 patients in the OA group recovered and surgical site infection were seen in 12 patients. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy is a safer and better choice than open appendectomy which decreases postoperative complications significantly such as wound infections. Keywords: Open appendectomy, Laparoscopic appendectomy, Acute appendicitis and Surgical site infection.