bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les déterminants micro-économiques des migrations urbain-rural : leur variabilité en fonction de la position dans le cycle de vie
Authors: Détang-Dessendre Cécile , Piguet Virginie , Schmitt Bertrand
Published: October 2011

Résumé L’objectif de ce travail est de proposer une grille d’analyse qui permette de distinguer les facteurs explicatifs des mobilités des individus selon leur position dans le cycle de vie et selon leur origine géographique (urbaine, rurale). Nous partons de l’hypothèse que les décisions de migration sont le résultat d’un arbitrage visant à satisfaire, sous contraintes (financières, familiales, de qualification, etc.), certains besoins (d’ordre professionnel et résidentiel) compte tenu des niveaux de l’offre locale de travail, logements, aménités naturelles, services aux particuliers, etc. Ces besoins et contraintes sont différents à chaque phase du cycle de vie de l’individu. L’estimation de la probabilité de migrer entre 1982 et 1990, réalisée sur un sous-échantillon national extrait de l’échantillon démographique permanent (EDP), montre que, chez les individus âgés de 15 à 24 ans en 1982, les préoccupations professionnelles contribuent significativement à expliquer les choix de migration, et ce, plus particulièrement pour les jeunes qui résidaient dans le rural en 1982. La structure familiale (agrandissement de la famille) et le statut d’occupation du logement jouent un rôle prépondérant dans l’explication des migrations des 25-44 ans, alors que la situation professionnelle semble, pour eux, moins influente. Chez les plus âgés (45-64 ans en 1982), le passage à la retraite, associé aux changements dans les structures familiales (départ des enfants), influe sur les probabilités de migration, notamment pour les individus qui résidaient en milieu urbain en début de période.
Démocratisation ou accroissement des inégalités scolaires?
Authors: Merle Pierre
Published: October 2011

Résumé Des années 1960 à la dernière décennie du XX e  siècle, les recherches sur la démocratisation de l’enseignement se sont multipliées. Cet article a d’abord pour objet de montrer l’ambiguïté des définitions et des résultats relatifs à la démocratisation de l’enseignement en France. Il s’agit ensuite de développer une alternative à l’étude des inégalités scolaires. Celles-ci sont analysées à partir de l’évolution des durées de scolarisation. Les données recueillies montrent que les écarts de durée de scolarisation entre les élèves les plus longtemps scolarisés et les moins longtemps scolarisés ont sensiblement augmenté au cours des années 1988-1998. Compte tenu du coût des formations courtes et longues et de leurs évolutions respectives, les inégalités se sont renforcées : les élèves les plus longtemps scolarisés, majoritairement d’origine aisée, ont particulièrement bénéficié de l’augmentation des dépenses éducatives alors que les élèves les moins longtemps scolarisés, massivement d’origine populaire, en ont peu profité.
La fécondité des Palestiniennes à Gaza, en Cisjordanie, en Jordanie et au Liban
Authors: Khawaja Marwan
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cet article présente un tableau en grande partie descriptif de la fécondité des populations palestiniennes résidant dans quatre zones : la Cisjordanie, la bande de Gaza, la Jordanie et le Liban. L’évolution et les différences de la fécondité et du recours à la contraception ont pu être analysées grâce à des données de qualité issues d’enquêtes à l’échelle des ménages. Les questions relatives à la reproduction chez les réfugiés palestiniens sont une préoccupation politique majeure car l’avenir démographique des Palestiniens est en grande partie déterminé par leur fécondité. Les résultats montrent que le statut de réfugié ne peut plus être considéré comme une caractéristique fondamentale discriminante de la fécondité palestinienne. D’un côté, les variations des indicateurs de fécondité sont beaucoup plus importantes d’une zone à l’autre que celles entre les réfugiées et les non-réfugiées à l’intérieur des différentes zones. De l’autre, les populations réfugiées se sont différenciées avec le temps, celles qui vivent hors des camps ayant des comportements de fécondité différents de celles qui résident dans les camps. De ce fait, la distinction entre les réfugiés selon qu’ils vivent ou non dans les camps reste partout pertinente, indépendamment du statut légal ou présumé qu’ont les réfugiés dans les différentes zones.
Stratégies reproductives et prise de décision au Sénégal : le rôle de la mortalité des enfants
Authors: Randall Sara , Legrand Thomas K.
Published: October 2011

Résumé La baisse de la mortalité est susceptible de jouer un rôle important dans la transition de la fécondité. Les démographes ont souvent tenté d’expliquer la corrélation entre ces phénomènes par une « prise de décision rationnelle » des individus, un concept issu de théories développées à partir d’analyses quantitatives. Dans cette étude, nous utilisons des données qualitatives collectées en milieu urbain et rural au Sénégal afin d’évaluer dans quelle mesure les hypothèses des démographes sont confirmées par les discours qu’ont les individus sur la prise de décision en matière de reproduction. Des entretiens approfondis avec des hommes et des femmes ont permis d’examiner la prise de conscience et les raisonnements explicites au regard des motivations de remplacement et d’assurance, la perception de la mortalité et des autres risques liés à la procréation et la capacité d’agir des individus conformément à leurs perceptions. Le peu d’éléments appuyant l’existence de stratégies explicites de remplacement et d’assurance suggère leur faible impact sur la fécondité parmi les Wolofs au Sénégal, même au sein de l’élite urbaine et instruite pour qui les coûts de l’enfant en termes d’argent et d’attention parentale sont des contraintes essentielles. La mortalité des enfants n’est pas une composante majeure dans le discours portant sur la prise de décision en matière de procréation.
Population et environnement en Italie du Nord au XVIe siècle
Authors: Alfani Guido
Published: October 2011

Résumé Il n’y a pas de consensus, jusqu’à présent, sur la manière d’interpréter la dynamique démographique italienne du XVI e siècle. Les divergences tiennent à la diversité des opinions sur la relation entre population et ressources. À partir de 164 séries de baptêmes célébrés dans des paroisses d’Italie du Nord, et en adoptant une perspective comparative, cet article évalue pas à pas l’impact démographique des facteurs environnementaux (localisation en plaine, en montagne ou en zone côtière ; environnement urbain ou rural ; en milieu rural, variété des types d’habitat et des régimes agricoles) et permet de se faire une meilleure idée de la relation entre population et ressources (malthusienne, « boserupienne » ou autre ?). L’article met en évidence une situation complexe, où les facteurs environnementaux et socio-économiques ont un effet non seulement sur les tendances démographiques, mais aussi sur la logique même de la dynamique démographique, et où les progrès de la technologie agricole ne jouent pas toujours un rôle positif sur le plan démographique.
Différences socioculturelles de mortalité en Lituanie : résultats d'un couplage des données de l'état civil et du recensement de 2001
Authors: Jasilionis Domantas , Shkolnikov Vladimir M. , Andreev Evgueni M. , Jdanov Dmitri A. , Ambrozaitiene Dalia , Stankuniene Vlada , Meslé France , Vallin Jacques
Published: October 2011

Résumé Jusqu’à présent, dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale autrefois sous régime communiste, la mesure des différences sociales de mortalité s’est toujours heurtée à l’impossibilité de coupler des données de recensement à des données d’état civil pour éviter le biais classique causé par l’incohérence entre le statut individuel observé au recensement et celui déclaré au moment du décès à l’état civil. L’étude dont les résultats sont présentés ici est l’une des toutes premières jamais réalisées dans un pays issu du bloc soviétique sur la base d’un couplage des données individuelles d’état civil avec celles d’un recensement, en l’occurrence les décès de 2001-2004 avec le recensement de 2001. L’étude porte sur les différences de mortalité par cause parmi les personnes âgées de plus de 30 ans selon le niveau d’instruction, l’état matrimonial, le groupe ethnique et le milieu de résidence. De fait, les résultats obtenus sont différents de ceux qu’aurait donnés l’approche agrégée traditionnelle, mais confirment l’existence de très fortes inégalités. Les maladies infectieuses et les conséquences de l’alcoolisme s’avèrent particulièrement discriminantes.
Inter-mariage et intégration : les disparités des taux d'exogamie des immigrés en France
Authors: Safi Mirna
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cet article fournit une analyse des comportements matrimoniaux des immigrés en utilisant des données issues de l’Échantillon démographique permanent de l’Insee qui s’étendent sur une longue période (1968-2000). Il examine les facteurs explicatifs de l’exogamie en intégrant dans l’analyse des variables individuelles et contextuelles. La comparaison entre la situation des différents groupes immigrés sur le marché du travail et leur propension plus ou moins forte à l’exogamie permet de tester certains développements théoriques qui accordent une place centrale à l’inter-mariage dans le processus d’intégration. Les résultats obtenus incitent à relativiser la pertinence de ces hypothèses en mettant l’accent sur la complexité de l’analyse de l’exogamie et la diversité des modes d’intégration.
L'écart d'âge entre époux en Espagne : tendances de long terme, 1922-2006
Authors: Esteve Albert , Cortina Clara , Cabré Anna
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cette étude s’appuie sur les statistiques des registres de mariages pour proposer une analyse descriptive à long terme de l’écart d’âge entre époux en Espagne, de 1922 à 2006. Nous examinons tout d’abord les relations entre l’écart d’âge des conjoints, les tendances des mariages de second rang et l’âge au mariage des hommes et des femmes. Ensuite, par une méthode de standardisation, nous décomposons l’évolution de l’écart d’âge au premier mariage en deux types d’effets : ceux résultant des changements dans la structure par sexe et âge et ceux découlant des préférences individuelles en matière d’âge du conjoint. Les résultats font apparaître un accroissement de l’homogamie d’âge au cours du XX e  siècle, principalement dans les trente dernières années, et un recul du mariage traditionnel, dans lequel le mari est plus âgé que sa femme. Même si l’analyse démontre que, dans des circonstances historiques exceptionnelles, les changements dans la composition par sexe et âge des populations de conjoints potentiels ont modifié les schémas d’écart d’âge entre époux, l’explication principale se trouve dans les facteurs liés aux préférences et aux comportements.
Réception de l'œuvre démographique de Lotka en France
Authors: Véron Jacques
Published: October 2011

Résumé Bien que Lotka ait publié son article fondateur sur la démographie dès 1907, il est découvert par les statisticiens français s’intéressant aux questions de population seulement en 1931. C’est Raoul Husson qui le fait alors connaître, à l’occasion de la publication d’une étude sur l’accroissement comparé de la population en France et à l’étranger. C’est aux notions de population stable et de taux intrinsèque d’accroissement qu’il est le plus souvent fait référence, en particulier dans le Journal de la Société de statistique de Paris. Les travaux de Dublin et Lotka sur la santé et la mortalité sont connus notamment à propos des États-Unis. La deuxième partie de la Théorie analytique des associations biologiques, parue en français en 1939, devient très vite le texte de référence pour tous ceux qui abordent le champ de « l’analyse démographique ». Adolphe Landry contribue à la popularisation des travaux de Lotka, et c’est Paul Vincent qui reconnaît le plus explicitement sa dette intellectuelle envers le démographe mathématicien. Les relations entre Lotka et les statisticiens français ne cessent de se renforcer de son vivant, tant pour les qualités scientifiques du démographe américain que ses qualités humaines.
Enseignement supérieur et durées de subvention individuelle implicite
Authors: Courtioux Pierre , Gregoir Stéphane , Houeto Dede
Published: October 2011

Résumé À partir d’un modèle de microsimulation dynamique, nous analysons l’investissement public pour l’enseignement supérieur dans une perspective d’équité fiscale. Nos résultats montrent l’existence d’une déconnexion entre la contribution fiscale des diplômés et les financements publics à la formation tertiaire dont ils ont bénéficié. Nous considérons qu’une partie importante des impôts payés par les diplômés du supérieur tout au long de leur vie servent à couvrir les dépenses de formation tertiaire initiales dont ils ont bénéficié. La durée de subvention implicite médiane correspond alors à 18 % du cycle de vie fiscal d’un contribuable diplômé du supérieur, mais est sensiblement différente selon le type de diplôme.
The Relationship between Behaviors Associated with Sensory Processing and Parental Sense of Competence
Authors: Cohn Ellen , May-Benson Teresa A. , Teasdale Alison
Published: October 2011

This study examined the dimensions of parents' sense of competence in relationship to children's behaviors thought to reflect sensory processing disorders (SPD) and sought to determine which behaviors best predicted overall parental sense of competence. A total of 248 parents of children with SPD completed the Sensory Profile and the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. Parents of children with SPD demonstrated somewhat higher parenting Satisfaction than Efficacy. Overall, the PSOC scale was significantly correlated with children's behaviors, as measured by the Sensory Profile. Cluster analysis indicated that children's lower Sensory Profile scores were associated with lower PSOC scores. Four specific items of the Sensory Profile reflecting socially unacceptable behavior best predicted overall PSOC scale with an adjusted R-Square of .270. The Occupational Performance Coaching intervention to support both children's social behaviors and parent needs is recommended.
Evaluation of Osteoporosis in Hemophilic Arthropathy Patients: Correlation with Disease Severity and Serum Trace Minerals
Authors: Mahmoud Ghaniema Eiman , Fathi Ahmed Sahar , Raouf Amin Irene , Soliman Ayoub Maryse
Published: October 2011

Objective. To find out the presence of osteoporosis in hemophilic arthropathy patients and its correlation with clinical severity and serum levels of magnesium, copper, and zinc.Methods. Joint score, functional assessment score, bone densitometry, and serum magnesium, copper and zinc were done in twenty male hemophilic arthropathy patients and twenty controls.Results. There was highly significant lower Z scores of lumbar spine and neck of femur in patients versus controls (P<0.011). Z score of neck of femur correlated negatively with total joint score (P=0.013) and functional assessment score (P=0.011). Serum levels of copper and zinc correlated positively with Z score of neck of femur (P=0.004,P=0.001, resp.).Conclusion. Osteoporosis represents a frequent concomitant observation in hemophiliacs. Screening of young hemophiliacs for osteoporosis is recommended with measuring serum levels of magnesium, copper, and zinc for better management of the disease.
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Saeed Fahad , Agrawal Nikhil , Greenberg Eugene , Holley Jean L.
Published: October 2011

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is more common in patients with chronic kidney disease and is associated with higher mortality than in the general population. Blood losses in this patient population can be quite severe at times and it is important to differentiate anemia of chronic diseases from anemia due to GI bleeding. We review the literature on common causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGI) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. We suggest an approach to diagnosis and management of this problem.
Evaluation of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for Malaria Diagnosis in a Field Setting
Authors: Sirichaisinthop Jeeraphat , Buates Sureemas , Watanabe Risa , Han Eun-Taek , Suktawonjaroenpon Wachira , Krasaesub Somporn , Takeo Satoru , Tsuboi Takafumi , Sattabongkot Jetsumon
Published: October 2011

We used the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method developed by our group for malaria diagnosis with genus-specific and species-specific primers for the four human malaria parasites at a field clinic in comparison with standard microscopy. Among 110 blood samples collected from the malaria clinic in Thailand, LAMP detected 59 of 60 samples positive by microscopy (sensitivity = 98.3%) and none of the 50 microscopy-negative samples (specificity = 100%). Negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) of LAMP were 98% and 100%, respectively. These results indicate that LAMP is an effective tool for malaria diagnosis at a field clinic in a field setting.
Awareness of the Care Team in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Wilcox L.G. , Collins S. , Feiner S. , Mamykina O. , Stein D.M. , Bakken S. , Fred M.R. , Stetson P.D. , Vawdrey D.K.
Published: October 2011

Objective: To support collaboration and clinician-targeted decision support, electronic health records (EHRs) must contain accurate information about patients’ care providers. The objective of this study was to evaluate two approaches for care provider identification employed within a commercial EHR at a large academic medical center.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of EHR data for 121 patients in two cardiology wards during a four-week period. System audit logs of chart accesses were analyzed to identify the clinicians who were likely participating in the patients’ hospital care. The audit log data were compared with two functions in the EHR for documenting care team membership: 1) a vendor-supplied module called “Care Providers”, and 2) a custom “Designate Provider” order that was created primarily to improve accuracy of the attending physician of record documentation.

Results: For patients with a 3–5 day hospital stay, an average of 30.8 clinicians accessed the electronic chart, including 10.2 nurses, 1.4 attending physicians, 2.3 residents, and 5.4 physician assistants. The Care Providers module identified 2.7 clinicians/patient (1.8 attending physicians and 0.9 nurses). The Designate Provider order identified 2.1 clinicians/patient (1.1 attending physicians, 0.2 resident physicians, and 0.8 physician assistants). Information about other members of patients’ care teams (social workers, dietitians, pharmacists, etc.) was absent.

Conclusions: The two methods for specifying care team information failed to identify numerous individuals involved in patients’ care, suggesting that commercial EHRs may not provide adequate tools for care team designation. Improvements to EHR tools could foster greater collaboration among care teams and reduce communication-related risks to patient safety.
Challenges and solutions: Pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A in a pediatric emergency department
Authors: Graham, MD James , Shirm, MD Steven , Storm, MD Elizabeth , Lyle, MD Kristen , Linam, MD W. Matthew , Romero, MD José
Published: October 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic on a pediatric emergency department (ED) at a freestanding children’s hospital in the summer and fall of 2009.Design: In July 2009, active prospective surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) was performed on a daily basis of patients presenting to the ED of Arkansas Children’s Hospital. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition of ILI was used. Records of daily ILI volume were kept. A retrospective review of admissions from the ED to the inpatient service was done for patients with ILI and non-ILI. In addition, comparisons of monthly patient census for the months involved were compared with historical census data.Results: When public schools started in mid- August 2009, there was a rapid and dramatic increase in the number of patients with ILI seen in the pediatric ED.Within 3 weeks, as many as 120 patients with ILI per day were being seen in the ED. The month of September 2009 was the highest census month ever recorded in this ED. The admission rate of the patients with ILI was lower than patients with non-ILI between September and November 2009 (10.8 percent vs 14.8 percent).Conclusions: The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic resulted in unprecedented patient volumes in this pediatric ED; however, patient acuity (based on admission rate) for patients with ILI was lower than patients with non-ILI. Pandemic influenza can overwhelm emergency care resources, even when the overall severity of illness is relatively low.
Birch and conifer pollen are efficient atmospheric ice nuclei
Authors: Pummer B. G. , Bauer H. , Bernardi J. , Bleicher S. , Grothe H.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The ice nucleation of bioaerosols (bacteria, pollen, spores, etc.) is a topic of growing interest, since their impact on ice cloud formation and thus on radiative forcing, an important parameter in global climate, is not yet fully understood. Here we show that pollen of different species strongly differ in their ice nucleation behaviour. The average freezing temperatures in laboratory experiments range from 240 K to 255 K. As the most efficient nuclei (silver birch, Scots pine and common juniper pollen) have a distribution area up to the Northern timberline, their ice nucleation activity may be a cryoprotective mechanism. Far more intriguingly, it has turned out that water, which has been in contact with pollen and then been separated from the bodies, nucleates as good as the pollen grains themselves. So the ice nuclei have to be easily-suspendable macromolecules located on the pollen surface. Once extracted, they can be distributed further through the atmosphere than the heavy pollen grains and so augment the impact of pollen on ice cloud formation even in the upper Troposphere. Our experiments lead to the conclusion that pollen ice nuclei, in contrast to bacterial and fungal ice nucleating proteins, are non-proteinaceous compounds.
Impact of the deep convection of isoprene and other reactive trace species on radicals and ozone in the upper troposphere
Authors: Apel E. C. , Olson J. R. , Crawford J. H. , Hornbrook R. S. , Hills A. J. , Cantrell C. A. , Emmons L. K. , Knapp D. J. , Hall S. , Mauldin III R. L. , Weinheimer A. J. , Fried A. , Blake D. R. , Crounse J. D. , Clair J. M. St. , Wennberg P. O. , Diskin G. S. , Fuelberg H. E. , Wisthaler A. , Mikoviny T. , Brune W. , Riemer D. D.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Observations of a comprehensive suite of inorganic and organic trace gases, including non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halogenated organics and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC), obtained from the NASA DC-8 over Canada during the ARCTAS aircraft campaign in July 2008 illustrate that convection is important for redistributing both long and short-lived species throughout the troposphere. Convective outflow events were identified by the elevated mixing ratios of organic species in the upper troposphere relative to background conditions. Several dramatic events were observed in which isoprene and its oxidation products were detected at hundreds of pptv at altitudes higher than 8 km. Two events are studied in detail using detailed experimental data and the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) box model. One event had no lightning NOx (NO + NO2) associated with it and the other had substantial lightning NOx (LNOx). When convective storms transport isoprene from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere and LNOx is present, there is a large effect on the expected ensuing chemistry. The model predicts a dominant impact on HOx and nitrogen-containing species; the relative contribution from other species such as peroxides is insignificant. The isoprene reacts quickly, resulting in primary and secondary products, including formaldehyde and methyl glyoxal. The model predicts enhanced production of alkyl nitrates (ANs) and peroxyacyl nitrate compounds (PANs). PANs persist because of the cold temperatures of the upper troposphere resulting in a large change in the NOx mixing ratios, compared to the case in which no isoprene is convected, a scenario which is also explored by the model. This, in turn, has a large impact on the HOx chemistry. Ozone production is substantial during the first few hours following the event, resulting in a net gain of approximately 10 ppbv compared to the scenario in which no isoprene is present aloft. In the case of isoprene being present aloft but no LNOx, OH is reduced due to scavenging by isoprene, which serves to slow the chemistry resulting in longer lifetimes for species that react with OH.
Quantification of gas-phase glyoxal and methylglyoxal via the Laser-Induced Phosphorescence of (methyl)GLyOxal Spectrometry (LIPGLOS) method
Authors: Henry S. B. , Kammrath A. , Keutsch F. N.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Glyoxal and methylglyoxal are key products of oxidative photochemistry in the lower troposphere. Reliable measurements of such compounds are critical for testing our understanding of volatile organic compound (VOC) processing in this region. We present a new method for obtaining sensitive, high time resolution, in situ measurements of these compounds via laser-induced phosphorescent decays. By exploiting the unique phosphorescent lifetimes for each molecule, this method achieves speciation and high-sensitivity quantification of both molecules (3σ limits of detection of 11 pptv in 5 min for glyoxal and 243 pptv in 5 min for methylglyoxal). Additionally, this method enables the simultaneous measurement of both glyoxal and methylglyoxal using a single, non-wavelength-tunable light source, which will allow for the development of inexpensive and turnkey instrumentation. The simplicity and affordability of this new instrumentation would enable the construction of a long-term, spatially distributed database of these two key species. This chemical map can be used to constrain or drive regional or global models as well as provide verification of satellite observations.
Determining water use of sorghum from two-source energy balance and radiometric temperatures
Authors: Sánchez J. M. , López-Urrea R. , Rubio E. , Caselles V.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Estimates of surface actual evapotranspiration (ET) can assist in predicting crop water requirements. An alternative to the traditional crop-coefficient methods are the energy balance models. The objective of this research was to show how surface temperature observations can be used, together with a two-source energy balance model, to determine crop water use throughout the different phenological stages of a crop grown. Radiometric temperatures were collected in a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) field as part of an experimental campaign carried out in Barrax, Spain, during the 2010 summer growing season. Performance of the Simplified Two-Source Energy Balance (STSEB) model was evaluated by comparison of estimated ET with values measured on a weighing lysimeter. Errors of ±0.14 mm h−1 and ±1.0 mm d−1 were obtained at hourly and daily scales, respectively. Total accumulated crop water use during the campaign was underestimated by 5%. It is then shown that thermal radiometry can provide precise crop water necessities and is a promising tool for irrigation management.
The 11 May 2011 earthquake at Lorca (SE Spain) viewed in a structural-tectonic context
Authors: Vissers R. L. M. , Meijninger B. M. L.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The Lorca earthquake of 11 May 2011 in the Betic Cordillera of SE Spain occurred almost exactly on the Alhama de Murcia fault, a marked fault that forms part of a NE-SW trending belt of faults and thrusts. The fault belt is reminiscent of a strike-slip corridor, but recent structural studies have provided clear evidence for reverse motions on these faults. Focal mechanisms of the main earthquake, but also of a foreshock, are strikingly consistent with structural observations on the Alhama de Murcia fault. This strengthens the conclusion that, rather than a strike-slip fault, the fault is at present a contractional fault with an oblique reverse sense of motion, presumably in response to the NW-directed motion of Africa with respect to Europe.
Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Testis
Authors: Horne Matthew J , Adeniran Adebowale J
Published: October 2011

In this short review, we discuss primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the testis, an entity that is most commonly seen in older patients. The most common clinical presentation is a unilateral testicular mass. Microscopically, the tumor shows diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes between intact seminiferous tubules. Spermatogenic arrest, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular hyalinization are commonly seen. The tumor is positive for B-cell markers by immunohistochemistry. Treatment has traditionally been with orchiectomy and combination chemotherapy; however, only a minority of patients enjoy a prolonged disease-free survival. Differential diagnosis includes seminoma and viral and granulomatous orchitis.
United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Two-Digit Score: A Correlation With the American Board of Pathology First-Time Test Taker Pass/Fail Rate at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Authors: Picarsic Jennifer , Raval Jay S , Macpherson Trevor
Published: October 2011

Context.—Factors that correlate with success or failure on the American Board of Pathology (ABP) examination are not known. Other medical residency programs have shown that standardized test scores correlate with specialty board examination scores; however, data from pathology programs are lacking.

Objective.—To investigate whether the 2-digit score on step 1 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) was correlated with ABP examination performance at a large university pathology program.

Design.—Nine years of data (2001–2009) from pathology residents (n  =  72) at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) was collected from existing files and deidentified. Step 1 USMLE 2-digit scores and ABP failure rates for first-time test takers were compared. Results are reported as the percentage of residents who failed either the anatomic pathology or clinical pathology part of the ABP examination in cohorts by their USMLE 2-digit score (≤80, 81–85, 86–89, ≥90).

Results.—The rolling 5-year (2005–2009) ABP average failure rate for first-time test takers of the anatomic pathology examination was 3.1% (UPMC) and 14.1% (nationally); in clinical pathology, it was 13.8% (UPMC) and 23.6% (nationally). At UPMC, no resident failed the anatomic pathology or clinical pathology parts of the ABP examination if his or her 2-digit USMLE step 1 score was 90 or more across 9 years of training (2001–2009).

Conclusions.—In the UPMC pathology program, 2-digit scores on USMLE step 1 of 90 or more and 80 or less were strong measures of ABP first-time pass/failure rates, whereas scores of 81 to 89 were less-accurate measures. The USMLE step 1 score is one of many criteria that can be used for screening applicants for a pathology residency program.
Pleomorphic (Spindle and Squamous Cell) Carcinoma Arising in a Peripheral Mixed Squamous and Glandular Papilloma in a 70-Year-Old Man
Authors: Lagana Stephen M , Hanna Robert F , Borczuk Alain C
Published: October 2011

Solitary papillomas of the bronchial tree are rare, particularly in the distal airways. When encountered, solitary papillomas are not frequently found to undergo malignant transformation. When this does happen, it is usually a squamous cell carcinoma arising in a human papillomavirus–associated squamous papilloma (usually in a central airway). Here we report a unique case of pleomorphic (spindle and squamous cell) carcinoma arising in a mixed glandular and squamous papilloma without human papillomavirus association.
Liver Biopsies in Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Beyond Grading and Staging
Authors: Hudacko Rachel , Theise Neil
Published: October 2011

Context.—Knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis has grown immensely during the past 50 years. The terminology used to assess liver biopsies with chronic viral hepatitis and the role of the liver biopsy itself have also evolved during this time. Although the focus of much discussion regarding diagnostic assessment of liver biopsies in patients with viral hepatitis has been on grading of activity and staging of fibrosis, each biopsy is also an opportunity to assess many other important features.

Objectives.—To discuss opportunities provided by biopsies to assess features such as the presence of virus-associated premalignant or malignancy-related changes, and the presence of other concomitant diseases, including fatty liver disease of diverse causes, and hemochromatosis, hereditary or otherwise.

Data Sources.—The data were obtained from published literature and professional experience.

Conclusions.—The evaluation of liver biopsies with chronic viral hepatitis has evolved beyond grading and staging. Pathologists need to be aware of the other features that may have important clinical implications.
A review of biomass densification systems to develop uniform feedstock commodities for bioenergy application
Authors: Tumuluru Jaya Shankar , Wright Christopher T. , Hess J. Richard , Kenney Kevin L.
Published: October 2011

Developing uniformly formatted, densified feedstock from lignocellulosic biomass is of interest to achieve consistent physical properties such as size and shape, bulk and unit density, and durability, which significantly influence storage, transportation and handling characteristics, and, by extension, feedstock cost and quality. A variety of densification systems are considered for producing a uniform format feedstock commodity for bioenergy applications, including (i) pellet mill, (ii) cuber, (iii) screw extruder, (iv) briquette press, (v) roller press, (vi) tablet press, and (vii) agglomerator. Each of these systems has varying impacts on feedstock chemical and physical properties, and energy consumption. This review discusses the suitability of these densification systems for biomass feedstocks and the impact these systems have on specific energy consumption and end‐product quality. For example, a briquette press is more flexible in terms of feedstock variables where higher moisture content and larger particles are acceptable for making good quality briquettes; or among different densification systems, a screw press consumes the most energy because it not only compresses but also shears and mixes the material. Pre‐treatment options like pre‐heating, grinding, steam explosion, torrefaction, and ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) can also help to reduce specific energy consumption during densification and improve binding characteristics. Binding behavior can also be improved by adding natural binders, such as proteins, or commercial binders, such as lignosulfonates. The quality of the densified biomass for both domestic and international markets is evaluated using PFI (United States standard) or CEN (European standard). Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Re‐use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Terms and Conditions set out at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/onlineopen#OnlineOpen_Terms
Effect of Tween 80 on Bubble Size and Mass Transfer in a Bubble Contactor
Authors: Belo I. , García‐Abuín A. , Gómez‐Díaz D. , Navaza J. M. , Vidal‐Tato I.
Published: October 2011

Gas absorption in aqueous solutions with Tween 80 and absorption processes based on hydrodynamics and mass transfer is determined. The impact of surfactant concentration on gas holdup and gas‐liquid interfacial area is analyzed, observing an increase of these parameters with surfactant concentration. The influence of liquid‐phase contamination on the absorption process is investigated on the basis of the liquid‐film mass transfer coefficient, removing the effect caused by the presence of a surfactant and the gas flow rate on the interfacial area and, thereby, on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient. The opposite effect on the mass transfer coefficient can be observed which decreases in the presence of the surfactant.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism and Multiferroicity in Bi1‐x/3(Mn3III) (Mn4‐xIIIMnxIV)O12.
Authors: Mezzadri Francesco , Buzzi Michele , Pernechele Chiara , Calestani Gianluca , Solzi Massimo , Migliori Andrea , Gilioli Edmondo
Published: October 2011

Polymorphs of the title compound (0 < x < 0.3) are prepared by solid state reactions of MnO2, Mn2O3, and Bi2O3 (Pt foils, 40 kbar, 1000 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Size‐Tunable, Ultrasmall NaGdF4 Nanoparticles: Insights into Their T1 MRI Contrast Enhancement.
Authors: Johnson Noah J. J. , Oakden Wendy , Stanisz Greg J. , Prosser R. Scott , van Veggel Frank C. J. M.
Published: October 2011

Paramagnetic β‐NaGdF4 nanoparticles are synthesized by addition of a MeOH solution containing NaOH and NH4F to a mixture of GdCl3, oleic acid, and octadecene.
ChemInform Abstract: New Fe3+/Cr3+ Perovskites with Anomalous Transport Properties: The Solid Solution LaxBi1‐xFe0.5Cr0.5O3 (0.4 ≤ x ≤ 1).
Authors: Villafuerte‐Castrejon M. E. , Garcia‐Guaderrama M. , Fuentes L. , Prado‐Gonjal J. , Gonzalez A. M. , de la Rubia M. A. , Garcia‐Hernandez M. , Moran E.
Published: October 2011

The title solid solution is synthesized by calcination of a gel (900 °C, 12 h) obtained from a mixture of Bi(NO3)3, La(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)3, Cr(NO3)3, and 2‐methoxyethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two New Aluminoborates with Helical Channels
Authors: Wang Guo‐Ming , Wang Pei , Li Zeng‐Xin , Huang Hai‐Lan , Wang Ying‐Xia , Lin Jian‐Hua
Published: October 2011

The crystal structures of the new aluminoborates (III) and (V) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Topochemical Synthesis of Sodium Metal Phosphate Olivines for Sodium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Lee Kyu Tae , Ramesh T. N. , Nan F. , Botton G. , Nazar Linda F.
Published: October 2011

Metastable olivine phases of crystalline Na[Mn1‐xMx]PO4 (M: Fe, Ca, Mg; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) are formed by solid state topotactic reactions of NH4 [Mn1‐xMx]PO4·H2O and excess NaOAc (65—100 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of [1,2]Isoxazolidin‐5‐ones and [1,2]Oxazin‐6‐ones.
Authors: Arfaoui Aicha , Beltaief Imen , Amri Hassen
Published: October 2011

Allyl bromides (I) and (IV) are used as precursors for the synthesis of functionalized [1,2]isoxazolidin‐5‐ones (III) and [1,2]oxazin‐6‐ones (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Benzylamines with Alkynes Through Dehydrogenation and Dehydrogenative Cyclization.
Authors: Morimoto Keisuke , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: October 2011

Benzylamines of type (I) or (VII) undergo oxidative coupling with alkynes under rhodium catalysis via dehydrogenation and dehydrogenative cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of β,β‐Disubstituted Enones.
Authors: Nishikawa Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: October 2011

A novel Fe(II)—binaphthyl‐based phenanthroline complex is successfully applied as catalyst in the asymmetric epoxidation of acyclic β,β‐disubstituted enones to give the corresponding oxiranes (II) and (V) in up to 92% optical purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylsulfur Trifluorides: Improved Method of Synthesis and Use as in situ Deoxofluorination Reagents.
Authors: Xu Wei , Martinez Henry , Dolbier William R. Jr.
Published: October 2011

An improved method for the synthesis of arylsulfur trifluorides, including the excellent, new deoxofluorination reagent Fluolead (IIb), utilizing Br2 and KF as oxidizing and fluorination reagents of aryl disulfides, resp., is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes to Give Symmetrical 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,3‐Diynes.
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Tongqiang
Published: October 2011

An environmentally friendly, economic and efficient system for the homocoupling of terminal alkynes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Selective Demethylation of Heteroaryl Methyl Ethers in the Presence of Aryl Methyl Ethers.
Authors: Soni Ajay , Dutt Akhilesh , Sattigeri Viswajanani , Cliffe Ian A.
Published: October 2011

A new and efficient method for the demethylation of aryl as well as hetaryl methyl ethers using a combination of LiCl and TosOH is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Aldol Reactions of α‐Chloroaldehydes Provide Versatile Building Blocks for Natural Product Synthesis.
Authors: Halperin Shira D. , Kang Baldip , Britton Robert
Published: October 2011

The reaction affords β‐chlorohydrins with good 1,2‐anti diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Asymmetric α,α‐Bisalkylation of Ketones via Complex‐Induced syn‐Deprotonation of Chiral N‐Amino Cyclic Carbamate Hydrazones.
Authors: Wengryniuk Sarah E. , Lim Daniel , Coltart Don M.
Published: October 2011

The first general method for the α,α‐bisalkylation of ketones bearing α‐ and α′‐protons is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Monoalkylation of Dimethyl Alkylidenesuccinates: Simple Approach to Dialkyl‐Substituted Maleic Anhydrides Including Chaetomellic Acid A.
Authors: Kshirsagar Umesh A. , Argade Narshinha P.
Published: October 2011

Regioselective generation of carbanions from substrates of type (III) is followed by alkylation and formation of the target compounds including the anhydride (Vb) of the title acid.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Catalytic Process for Trifluoromethylation of Bromoaromatic Compounds
Authors: Samant Bhupesh S. , Kabalka George W.
Published: October 2011

in a micellar media
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral 1,2‐Diaminocyclohexane as Organocatalyst for Enantioselective Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Junfeng , Sun Qi , Li Runtao
Published: October 2011

Using commercially available 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane and 1,6‐hexanedioc acid, moderate yields for the asmmetric aldol reaction are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: SN1‐Type Reactions in the Presence of Water: Indium(III)‐Promoted Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Propargylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Sinisi Riccardo , Vita Maria Victoria , Gualandi Andrea , Emer Enrico , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: October 2011

Stereoselective addition of aldehydes (II) towards α‐substituted propargylic alcohols, e.g. (I), (V) and (VIII), is efficiently catalyzed by a combination of indium triflate and a spirocyclic imidazolidinone organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium Bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide as an Efficient Catalyst for the Hydroalkylation of Aromatic Olefins with 1,3‐Diketones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wang Hong She , Zhao Wei Xing
Published: October 2011

Optimized conditions allow the preparation of the target compounds in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Free Procedure for the Synthesis of S‐Aryl Dithiocarbamates Using Aryl Diazonium Fluoroborate in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Chatterjee Tanmay , Bhadra Sukalyan , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: October 2011

The title synthesis, endowed with several green parameters, e.g. H2O as solvent use of stable and user‐friendly diazonium tetrafluoroborate in place of diazonium chloride, is an attractive alternative for the synthesis of aryl dithiocarbamates.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionically Tagged Benzimidazole Palladium(II) Complex: Preparation and Catalytic Application in Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Zhang Li , Wu Junliang , Shi Lijun , Xia Chungu , Li Fuwei
Published: October 2011

The structurally defined TPC is prepared and successfully applied to the preparation of a broad spectrum of biaryls and diaryl ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Etherification and Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols Using Supported and Unsupported Phosphorus Pentoxide as a Heterogeneous Reagent.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Rad Mohammad Navid Soltani , Borazjani Maryam Kiani , Saednia Shahnaz , Borazjani Mohammad Kiani , Golbaghi Maryam , Behrouz Somayeh
Published: October 2011

The etherification and oxidation of aromatic alcohols are studied extensively.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation of α‐Pivaloxyl Ketones with Arylboronic Reagents via Ni‐Catalyzed sp3 C—O Activation.
Authors: Huang Kun , Li Gang , Huang Wei‐Ping , Yu Da‐Gang , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: October 2011

The first Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of α‐pivaloxyl ketones via Ni‐catalyzed sp3 C—O activation is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Further Expansion of the trans‐Diels—Alder Paradigm: Reductive Alkylation of α‐Cyanoketones.
Authors: Peng Feng , Grote Robin E. , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: October 2011

The ability of cis‐fused α‐cyano ketone Diels—Alder adducts (I) to undergo reductive methylation is investigated and the trans isomers are formed preferentially.
ChemInform Abstract: TBAF‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 6‐Hydroxyhex‐2‐ynoates and 7‐Hydroxyhept‐ynoates.
Authors: Wang Xiao Qing , Jia Ping Jing , Liu Su Ping , Yu Wei
Published: October 2011

The intramolecular hydroalkylation of ynoates (I) and (VI) leads to formation of cyclic enol ethers which are reduced to 2,5‐substituted tetrahydrofurans and 2,6‐substituted tetrahydropyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Vilsmeier—Haack/Ring Closure Sequences: A Facile Synthesis of 3‐Chlorobenzo[b]thiophene‐2‐carbaldehydes.
Authors: Paul Nidhin , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam
Published: October 2011

Diphenacyl sulfides are found to react with the Vilsmeier—Haack reagent to give the title compounds in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Partial Hydrogenation of Simple Pyrroles: A Facile Access to Chiral 1‐Pyrrolines.
Authors: Wang Duo‐Sheng , Ye Zhi‐Shi , Chen Qing‐An , Zhou Yong‐Gui , Yu Chang‐Bin , Fan Hong‐Jun , Duan Ying
Published: October 2011

Derivatization of the products is accomplished without loss of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrroles and Indolizidines from Deprotonated α‐(Alkylideneamino)nitriles.
Authors: Schaefer Ines , Opatz Till
Published: October 2011

The utility of the title nitriles as building blocks is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Bis‐indolylmethanes Using Silica Gel Supported Aluminum Chloride as a Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Boroujeni Kaveh Parvanak , Parvanak Kamran
Published: October 2011

Solventless grinding of indole with aldehydes or ketones allows a rapid synthesis of the desired title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: New Investigation of Vilsmeier‐Type Reaction Using Pyrazolones with Various Amides.
Authors: Huang Yu‐Ying , Kaneko Kimiyoshi , Takayama Hiroyuki , Kimura Masayuki , Wong Fung Fuh
Published: October 2011

The reactivity and selectivity of Vilsmeier‐type reagents derived from different types of formamides with pyrazolones (I) and (IV) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldol Derivatives of Thioxoimidazolidinones as Potential Antiprostate Cancer Agents.
Authors: Khatik Gopal L. , Kaur Jasmine , Kumar Varun , Tikoo Kulbhushan , Venogopalan P. , Nair Vipin A.
Published: October 2011

The aldol reactions of thioxoimidazolidinones (V) furnish the anti isomers (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient [2 + 2 + 1] Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxazoles via Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkyne Oxidation.
Authors: He Weimin , Li Chaoqun , Zhang Liming
Published: October 2011

Gold‐catalyzed alkyne oxidation generates gold carbene intermediates which smoothly react with nitriles to give title disubstituted oxazoles, e.g. (III), (V), (VII) or (X), in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Bromocyclohexane‐1,2‐dione as a Useful Reagent for Hantzsch Synthesis of Thiazoles and the Synthesis of Related Heterocycles.
Authors: Guernon Jason M. , Wu Yong‐Jin
Published: October 2011

A simple procedure is presented for the reaction of title compound (I) with thioamides, ureas, and heteroaromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Ecofriendly Synthesis of Novel Benzo‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl‐(N‐aryl)amidines and Their Conversion to Guanidines.
Authors: Philip Sophia K. , Rajasekharan K. N.
Published: October 2011

A microwave assisted method for the preparation of title compounds (III) and (V) with shorter reaction times and similar yields is also given.