bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key Pathophysiological Role of Skeletal Muscle Disturbance in Post COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Accumulated Evidence
Authors: Scheibenbogen Carmen , Wirth Klaus J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Recent studies provide strong evidence for a key role of skeletal muscle pathophysiology in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). In a 2021 review article on the pathophysiology of ME/CFS, we postulated that hypoperfusion and ischemia can result in excessive sodium and calcium overload in skeletal muscles of ME/CFS patients to cause mitochondrial damage. Since then, experimental evidence has been provided that supports this concept.

Methods

We collect, summarize and discuss the current state of knowledge for the key role of skeletal muscle pathophysiology. We try to explain which risk factors and mechanisms are responsible for a subgroup of patients with post COVID syndrome (PCS) to develop ME/CFS (PC‐ME/CFS).

Results

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a long‐held assumption to explain cardinal symptoms of ME/CFS. However, mitochondrial dysfunction could not be convincingly shown in leukocytes. By contrast, recent studies provide strong evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle tissue in ME/CFS. An electron microscopy study could directly show damage of mitochondria in skeletal muscle of ME/CFS patients with a preferential subsarcolemmal localization but not in PCS. Another study shows signs of skeletal muscle damage and regeneration in biopsies taken one day after exercise in PC‐ME/CFS. The simultaneous presence of necroses and signs of regeneration supports the concept of repeated damage. Other studies correlated diminished hand grip strength (HGS) with symptom severity and prognosis. A MRI study showed that intracellular sodium in muscles of ME/CFS patients is elevated and that levels correlate inversely with HGS. This finding corroborates our concept of sodium and consecutive calcium overload as cause of muscular and mitochondrial damage caused by enhanced proton‐sodium exchange due to anaerobic metabolism and diminished activity of the sodium‐potassium‐ATPase. The histological investigations in ME/CFS exclude ischemia by microvascular obstruction, viral presence or immune myositis. The only known exercise‐induced mechanism of damage left is sodium induced calcium overload. If ionic disturbance and mitochondrial dysfunction is severe enough the patient may be captured in a vicious circle. This energy deficit is the most likely cause of exertional intolerance and post exertional malaise and is further aggravated by exertion.

Conclusion

Based on this pathomechanism, future treatment approaches should focus on normalizing the cause of ionic disbalance. Current treatment strategies targeting hypoperfusion have the potential to improve the dysfunction of ion transporters.
Aldolase B Deficient Mice Are Characterized by Hepatic Nucleotide Sugar Abnormalities
Authors: Buziau Amée M. , Lefeber Dirk J. , Cassiman D. , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. Estela , Kwast Hanneke , Tolan Dean R. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Brouwers Martijn C. G. J.
Published: December 2024

Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is characterized by liver damage and a secondary defect in N‐linked glycosylation due to impairment of mannose phosphate isomerase (MPI). Mannose treatment has been shown to be an effective treatment in a primary defect in MPI (i.e., MPI‐CDG), which is also characterized by liver damage. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine: (1) hepatic nucleotide sugar levels, and (2), the effect of mannose supplementation on hepatic nucleotide sugar levels and liver fat, in a mouse model for HFI. Aldolase B deficient mice (Aldob−/−) were treated for four weeks with 5% mannose via the drinking water and compared to Aldob−/− mice and wildtype mice treated with regular drinking water. We found that hepatic GDP‐mannose and hepatic GDP‐fucose were lower in water‐treated Aldob−/− mice when compared to water‐treated wildtype mice (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002, respectively), consistent with impaired N‐linked glycosylation. Of interest, multiple other hepatic nucleotide sugars not involved in N‐linked glycosylation, such as hepatic UDP‐glucuronic acid, UDP‐xylose, CMP‐N‐acetyl‐beta‐neuraminic acid, and CDP‐ribitol (p = 0.002, p = 0.003, p = 0.002, p = 0.002), were found to have altered levels as well. However, mannose treatment did not correct the reduction in hepatic GDP‐mannose levels, nor was liver fat affected. Aldob−/− mice are characterized by hepatic nucleotide sugar abnormalities, but these were not abrogated by mannose treatment. Future studies are needed to identify the underlying mechanisms responsible for the abnormal hepatic nucleotide sugar pattern and intrahepatic lipid accumulation in HFI.

Trial Registration: PCT ID: PCTE0000340, this animal experiment is registered at (https://preclinicaltrials.eu/).
Clinical effects of pediatric commercial food‐based formulas: A systematic review
Authors: Murayi Judy‐April , Evenson Elizabeth , Britton Chelsea , Gehred Alison , Goday Praveen S.
Published: December 2024

Blenderized tube feeding (BTF) uses a feeding tube to deliver blended whole foods directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) system and has had renewed interest over the last two decades. This was initially delivered in the form of homemade BTF (HBTF) and led to the development of commercial food‐based formula (CFBF). The safety and clinical outcome data for CFBF are limited. From our systematic review of the clinical benefits of pediatric CFBF, we found that families are very satisfied with CFBF despite the paucity of research. Most included studies evaluated both HBTF and CFBF, with only a few evaluating CFBF alone. The limited data suggests that CFBF may improve upper and lower GI symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, retching, constipation, and diarrhea; however, the effects of CFBF on growth have been mixed.
Rice bran and rice bran oil production perspective in Bangladesh: a review
Authors: Nath Bidhan , Bari Habibul , Paul Haimonti , Omar Md Imran , Haque Md Anwarul , Paul Subrata , Bhuiyan Md Golam Kibria , Ahmmed Md Moudud
Published: December 2024

Rice, a staple food in Bangladesh, produces substantial quantities of rice bran as a by‐product, offering considerable potential for advancing agriculture. While rice bran holds value, traditional uses like poultry feed and landfilling remain prevalent despite growing interest in its broader applications. This article explores the current status, stabilization methods, oil extraction techniques, and opportunities and challenges associated with rice bran utilization in Bangladesh. It identifies untapped value‐added products, such as biofuel and industrial materials, and discusses the technological and socio‐economic barriers hindering their development. It compares modern applications such as oil extraction, pharmaceuticals, and food production with more conventional practices. The study highlights untouched value‐added opportunities, including biofuel and industrial materials, which face technological and socio‐economic challenges. With around 4.87 million tons of rice brans projected for the 2023–2024 fiscal year, it emphasizes effective strategies to reduce postharvest losses, improve bran stabilization, and maximize oil yields. The article advocates targeted research, advanced techniques, and policy reforms to enhance rice bran's economic potential. Bangladesh benefits its agricultural economy and public health by optimizing rice bran management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A machine learning approach to predicting inpatient mortality among pediatric acute gastroenteritis patients in Kenya
Authors: Ogwel Billy , Mzazi Vincent H. , Nyawanda Bryan O. , Otieno Gabriel , Tickell Kirkby D. , Omore Richard
Published: December 2024

Background

Mortality prediction scores for children admitted with diarrhea are unavailable, early identification of at‐risk patients for proper management remains a challenge. This study utilizes machine learning (ML) to develop a highly sensitive model for timelier identification of at‐risk children admitted with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) for better management.

Methods

We used seven ML algorithms to build prognostic models for the prediction of mortality using de‐identified data collected from children aged <5 years hospitalized with AGE at Siaya County Referral Hospital (SCRH), Kenya, between 2010 through 2020. Potential predictors included demographic, medical history, and clinical examination data collected at admission to hospital. We conducted split‐sampling and employed tenfold cross‐validation in the model development. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the area under the curve (AUC) for each of the models.

Results

During the study period, 12 546 children aged <5 years admitted at SCRH were enrolled in the inpatient disease surveillance, of whom 2271 (18.1%) had AGE and 164 (7.2%) subsequently died. The following features were identified as predictors of mortality in decreasing order: AVPU scale, Vesikari score, dehydration, sunken eyes, skin pinch, maximum number of vomits, unconsciousness, wasting, vomiting, pulse, fever, sunken fontanelle, restless, nasal flaring, diarrhea days, stridor, <90% oxygen saturation, chest indrawing, malaria, and stunting. The sensitivity ranged from 46.3%–78.0% across models, while the specificity and AUC ranged from 71.7% to 78.7% and 56.5%–82.6%, respectively. The random forest model emerged as the champion model achieving 78.0%, 76.6%, 20.6%, 97.8%, and 82.6% for sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC, respectively.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates promising predictive performance of the proposed algorithm for identifying patients at risk of mortality in resource‐limited settings. However, further validation in real‐world clinical settings is needed to assess its feasibility and potential impact on patient outcomes.
Eco‐Friendly, Sound Absorbing Materials Based on Cellulose Acetate Electrospun Fibers/Luffa Cylindrica Composites
Authors: Theodorou Viktoria , Matysík Michal , Plšková Iveta , Kusák Ivo , Papaphilippou Petri Ch. , Krasia‐Christoforou Theodora
Published: December 2024

Sound absorption plays a crucial role in addressing noise pollution that may cause harm to both human health and wildlife. To tackle this environmental issue, the implementation of natural‐based sound absorbing materials attracts considerable attention in the last few years. In this study, sound absorbing, eco‐friendly composites are produced by combining a 3D natural sponge namely Luffa Cylindrica (LC) with cellulose acetate (CA) microfibrous layers that are fabricated through electrospinning. Electrospun microfibers can effectively absorb sound waves due to their unique properties such as high porosity, small diameter, and large surface area. The individual components and the resulting composites, exhibiting various configurations, are characterized in respect to their morphology, porosity, density, and sound absorption properties. More precisely, the sound absorption coefficient is determined through the standing wave ratio method within the range of 500–4000 (Hz) frequency. The most promising materials consist of a multilayer combination of LC with CA microfibrous layers, which creates new prospects in the development of such materials for sound absorption applications.
Multiple attention channels aggregated network for multimodal medical image fusion
Authors: Huang Jingxue , Tan Tianshu , Li Xiaosong , Ye Tao , Wu Yanxiong
Published: December 2024

Background

In clinical practices, doctors usually need to synthesize several single‐modality medical images for diagnosis, which is a time‐consuming and costly process. With this background, multimodal medical image fusion (MMIF) techniques have emerged to synthesize medical images of different modalities, providing a comprehensive and objective interpretation of the lesion.

Purpose

Although existing MMIF approaches have shown promising results, they often overlook the importance of multiscale feature diversity and attention interaction, which are essential for superior visual outcomes. This oversight can lead to diminished fusion performance. To bridge the gaps, we introduce a novel approach that emphasizes the integration of multiscale features through a structured decomposition and attention interaction.

Methods

Our method first decomposes the source images into three distinct groups of multiscale features by stacking different numbers of diverse branch blocks. Then, to extract global and local information separately for each group of features, we designed the convolutional and Transformer block attention branch. These two attention branches make full use of channel and spatial attention mechanisms and achieve attention interaction, enabling the corresponding feature channels to fully capture local and global information and achieve effective inter‐block feature aggregation.

Results

For the MRI‐PET fusion type, MACAN achieves average improvements of 24.48%, 27.65%, 19.24%, 27.32%, 18.51%, and 10.33% over the compared methods in terms of Qcb, AG, SSIM, SF, Qabf, and VIF metrics, respectively. Similarly, for the MRI‐SPECT fusion type, MACAN outperforms the compared methods with average improvements of 29.13%, 26.43%, 18.20%, 27.71%, 16.79%, and 10.38% in the same metrics. In addition, our method demonstrates promising results in segmentation experiments. Specifically, for the T2‐T1ce fusion, it achieves a Dice coefficient of 0.60 and a Hausdorff distance of 15.15. Comparable performance is observed for the Flair‐T1ce fusion, with a Dice coefficient of 0.60 and a Hausdorff distance of 13.27.

Conclusion

The proposed multiple attention channels aggregated network (MACAN) can effectively retain the complementary information from source images. The evaluation of MACAN through medical image fusion and segmentation experiments on public datasets demonstrated its superiority over the state‐of‐the‐art methods, both in terms of visual quality and objective metrics. Our code is available at https://github.com/JasonWong30/MACAN.
DFT Calculations of 1H and 13C NMR Chemical Shifts of Hydroxy Secondary Oxidation Products of Geometric Isomers of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Esters: Structures in Solution and Revision of NMR Assignments
Authors: Venianakis Themistoklis , Siskos Michael G. , Gerothanassis Ioannis P.
Published: December 2024

Detailed DFT studies of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of hydroxy secondary oxidation products of various geometric isomers of conjugated linolenic acids methyl esters are presented. Several low energy conformers were identified for model compounds of the central dienenol OH moiety, which were found to be practically independent on the various functionals and basis sets used. This greatly facilitated the minimization process of the geometric isomers of conjugated linolenic acids methyl esters. Several regularities of the literature experimental 1H and 13C chemical shifts were reproduced very accurately with the computational chemical shifts of the Gibbs low energy DFT optimized conformers, after a Boltzmann analysis. δ(13C) and δ(1H) of the methine CH‐OH group are highly diagnostic for the trans/trans and cis/trans geometric isomerism of the adjacent double bond. δ(13C) of the –CH2– group adjacent to the terminal double bond of the conjugated system strongly depend on the cis/trans geometric isomerism of this bond and, thus, could be of importance in structural analysis. Ambiguities in the reported literature resonance assignments of olefinic carbons had been resolved. Computational δ(1H) and δ(13C) can be utilized for the identification of geometric isomerism and structural and conformational elucidation of hydroxy derivatives of conjugated linoleic acids and their ester derivatives.
Bar Axial Force Correction Method for the Elastic Performance of Truss Materials With Periodic Units
Authors: Shang Mengfei , Sun Panxu , Wang Dongwei , Wang Shuxia
Published: December 2024

A bar axial force correction method is proposed on the basis of the representative volume element (RVE) method in this paper, which can predict the elastic performance of truss materials with periodic units. Based on the bar axial force correction method, the problem that the RVE method that node reaction forces on the common boundary may be unbalanced can be solved. For truss materials with periodic units, the effective elastic parameters and nodal displacement responses based on the proposed method are completely consistent those for the asymptotic homogenization (AH) method. Meanwhile, the proposed method is simpler than the AH method. Furthermore, compared with the axial compression experiment, the elastic modulus error of the proposed method is 3.81%. Thus, the correctness of this method is proved. Finally, the comparisons of different homogenization methods are analyzed in the numerical examples. The numerical examples show that the calculation results of the proposed method are the same as those of the AH method. Compared with the AH method, the maximum error of effective elastic parameters and nodal displacements for the RVE method are 22.51% and 13.65%, respectively. Compared with the AH method, the maximum error of effective elastic parameters and nodal displacements for the two‐node (TN) method are 14.43% and 10.60%, respectively. Therefore, the bar axial force correction method has a wider range of applications and higher computational accuracy.
Haemoglobin for Fall Risk Screening in Gynaecological and Obstetric Wards: Retrospective Survey and Delphi Validation
Authors: Mao Bijun , Chen Yan , Wang Chunsheng , Ma Yihan , Gu Huifeng , Shen Ya , Liu Luping , Zhou Peihong , Jiang Huiping
Published: December 2024

Aims

The objective of this study is to ascertain the suitability of haemoglobin as a screening factor for falls among obstetrics and gynaecology inpatients and to formulate a stratified scheme for assessing fall risk based on haemoglobin.

Design

A retrospective analysis and Delphi surveys were employed for this investigation.

Methods

Initially, a retrospective survey analysed falls among obstetrics and gynaecology inpatients in two hospitals from January 1, 2020, to July 10, 2022. Descriptive statistics, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Youden index, sensitivity and specificity were utilised for data examination. The conclusions drawn were subsequently validated by Delphi surveys, featuring 21 experts participating in five rounds of consultation. The Kappa value and the coefficient of variation (CV) were employed to assess expert advice.

Results

The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) of haemoglobin was 0.762 ± 0.030, 95% CI (0.703, 0.821). The highest Youden index was 0.425, with sensitivity at 0.705 and specificity at 0.720 when haemoglobin was 107.5 g/L. Two consensuses were reached by experts: anaemia was important in causing falls in obstetrics and gynaecology wards, and haemoglobin should be employed as a screening factor for falls. The stratification of anaemia was developed as follows: ≥ 110; 90–109; 60–89; and < 60 g/L. Approval for the final results was unanimous among all experts. The Kappa value (K*) was 1, and the CV of expert advice ranged from 0.092 to 0.219.

Conclusions

Haemoglobin could potentially be used as a predictor of fall risk in Gynaecological and Obstetric Wards. The recommended stratified scheme for anaemia in fall risk assessment is as follows: ≥ 110; 90–109; 60–89; and < 60 g/L.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

What problem did the study address?

The study revealed a relationship between falls and haemoglobin in obstetrics and gynaecology inpatients. It also proposed a stratification scheme for assessing fall risk based on haemoglobin levels.

What were the main findings?

Haemoglobin has a good performance on fall risk prediction in Gynaecological and Obstetric Wards.

The stratified scheme of anaemia for fall risk assessment was suggested as follows: ≥ 110; 90–109; 60–89; and < 60 g/L.

Where and on whom will the research have an impact?

Nurses and inpatients in obstetrics and gynaecology wards will be affected by the results of this study, and it provided a reference for fall prevention.

Reporting Method

This study has adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines and named the reporting method.

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Describing viewpoints on human‐nature relationships to unveil socio‐environmental conflicts and support community‐based projects
Authors: Demasi Beatriz , Prado Nina Garcia de Almeida , Lima Flávia Pereira , El‐Hani Charbel N. , Pardini Renata
Published: December 2024

Socio‐environmental changes are threatening Indigenous peoples and local communities (IP&LC), hampering conservation efforts, jeopardizing biocultural diversity and escalating environmental injustice. This situation fostered both collaborative research projects showing the potential of engaging with IP&LC for conserving biocultural diversity, and ideas in sustainability science as the relevance of accounting for plural human‐nature relationships and nature values in decision making. The success of these initiatives, however, depends on unveiling socio‐environmental conflicts as a first step to dialogue and cooperation.

We developed a tool to describe viewpoints on human‐nature relationships that underpin socio‐environmental conflicts based on a multicultural conceptual framework and Q‐methodology. To investigate its usefulness to unveil conflicts within community‐based projects, we applied it to community members and researchers working collaboratively in an artisanal fishing community in Brazil.

By purposefully choosing 23 participants who ordered 44 statements producing distributions later analysed for correlations, we described three viewpoints on human‐nature relationships and, from them, the main socio‐environmental conflicts within the community.

Two viewpoints associated with community members revealed contrasting standpoints about nature resulting from complex transformations—from resource‐dependent to tourism‐dependent—in the community. While some people whose occupations depend on outsiders wish to exploit and earn money with nature, others who depend exclusively on fishing fear that nature is under threat. These viewpoints allowed characterizing divergences that can limit collective organization within the community as well as shared desires for the future. One viewpoint was associated with researchers, highlighting differences between theirs and community members' conceptions.

Although framed to a specific situation, given its replicable development and amplitude of its conceptual basis, the tool can be adapted to different contexts. By underscoring the diversity within local communities, our tool helps leaving behind idealized notions about them. It also facilitates reflexivity among researchers on how their viewpoints can impact their relationship with communities. As a way of collectively reflecting about local perspectives on human‐nature relationships, the tool facilitates collaboration and finding ways forward.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Study on the Inhibition Characteristics of Electrical Trees by the Synergistic Effect of Layered MMT and Spherical SiO2 in PE
Authors: Wang Yulong , Liu Tongjiang , Li Lili , Wang Meng , Li Jiangxu , Ma Congcong , Gao Junguo , Guo Ning
Published: December 2024

In power equipment insulations subjected to prolonged high‐field conditions, the formation of electrical trees is a common occurrence, significantly impacting the service life and operational reliability of the equipment. In this paper, PE composites were prepared by melt blending method using layered nano‐MMT and spherical nano‐SiO2 as fillers to enhance the suppression of electrical trees. The microscopic properties of PE composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarizing microscopy (PLM), (DSC). The electrical tree of composites was conducted by the electrical tree test system. Subsequently, the synergistic inhibition of PE by nanoparticles with different morphologies was investigated. Key insights derived from the experimental findings are as follows: first, when MMT is doped with PE, due to the layered structure characteristics, the electro‐acoustic coupling effect, and the coulomb blockade effect, the complexity and complicacy of electron motion trajectory are increased, then the breakdown field strength EB of MMT/PE is increased by 5.74% compared with PE. Thus, the length of electrical trees at the retardation stage decreased by 175 μm, and their morphology changed from branch to bushy branch. Second, when layered MMT and spherical SiO2 are doped in PE simultaneously, the electron travel becomes more complex and tortuous due to the synergistic effect of nanoparticles. Compared with PE, EB of MMT/SiO2/PE is increased by 9.95%, the length entering the retardation stage of electrical trees decreases by 240 μm, and their morphology changes from branch to cluster like. Finally, microscopic and macroscopic results reveal that the combination of layered MMT and spherical SiO2 can effectively suppress the electrical tree growth in PE. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing nanostructured fillers to mitigate the development and expansion of electrical trees in polyethylene insulations, thereby enhancing the overall performance and reliability of power equipment.
Paper‐Based Device for Phenolic Content Determination in Tea Extracts
Authors: Silver Rachma Athaya , Noviana Eka , Ash Shiddiq Muhammad Al‐Fatih , Wardani Nur Kumala , Windarsih Anjar , Indrasyah Fauzian Sekar , Fakhrudin Nanang , Indrianingsih Anastasia Wheni , Henry Charles S.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Phenolic compounds garner interest in developing medicines, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals based on natural products. The quantity of phenolic compounds in a sample is commonly determined via spectrophotometry; however, this instrumented technique is relatively laborious and time consuming and requires a large amount of reagents.

Objective

This work aimed to develop a simple, point‐of‐need colorimetric sensor to rapidly determine total phenolic content (TPC) in tea extracts.

Methodology

We developed a radial paper‐based analytical device (PAD) for TPC determination based on the established colorimetric reaction between the Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent and phenols. The PAD was designed to enable quantitative (with image capturing device and color processing software) and semiquantitative (using a color palette reference card) determinations. Analytical performance and stability of the PAD were evaluated based on the color responses.

Results

The PAD was successfully applied for the determination of phenolics in tea extracts obtained using several polar protic solvents, including water, methanol, and ethanol, with satisfactory accuracy (recovery of 95.5%–104%, 110%–116%, and 104%–110%, respectively) and precision (RSD < 9%). The obtained TPC values also agreed with those from visible spectrophotometry. Semiquantitative determination using the color reference card with three categories of TPC level (i.e., 0–100, 100–500, and 500–1000 mg gallic acid equivalent/L) provided > 95% accuracy. The devices were the most stable when stored at 4°C in a light‐protected, vacuum‐sealed container. The proposed PAD is promising for simple, rapid (~10–20 min), and accurate estimation of TPC in plant extracts.
The effect of carbamazepine, a strong CYP3A inducer, on the pharmacokinetics of zongertinib in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Tian Xiaofan , Esmaeili Habib , Minich David , Seitz Friedeborg , Roessner Philipp M. , Wind Sven , Grempler Rolf , Gan Guanfa , Chan Tom S. , Mahmoudi Mazyar , Sadrolhefazi Behbood , Müller Fabian
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Zongertinib (BI 1810631) is a potent, selective, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild‐type sparing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitor. Based on in vitro data, the oxidative hepatic metabolism of zongertinib is principally driven by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/5. Therefore, zongertinib may be affected by strong CYP3A inducers, like carbamazepine.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effect of multiple oral doses of carbamazepine on the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of zongertinib in healthy male subjects.

Methods

This open‐label, two‐period, fixed‐sequence clinical drug–drug interaction study examined the pharmacokinetics of a single 60‐mg oral dose of zongertinib in the absence or presence of multiple oral doses of carbamazepine. The extent of drug–drug interaction was estimated using the adjusted geometric mean ratios (and 90% confidence intervals [CIs]) for the test treatment (zongertinib in the presence of carbamazepine) versus the reference treatment (zongertinib alone) for areas under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity and to the last quantifiable time point (AUC0–∞, AUC0–tz) and maximum measured plasma concentration (Cmax).

Results

Sixteen subjects (all Caucasian males) received zongertinib alone in Study Period 1, and 15 of them received both zongertinib and carbamazepine in Study Period 2. Upon co‐administration with carbamazepine in Study Period 2, AUC0–∞ and AUC0–tz of zongertinib were both reduced to 36.5% (90% CI: 32.0%–41.6% for AUC0–∞ and 31.9%–41.7% for AUC0–tz). The Cmax of zongertinib was reduced to 56.4% (90% CI: 45.1%–70.6%).

Conclusion

Zongertinib exposure was reduced by 63.5% when coadministered with the strong CYP3A inducer, carbamazepine.
Sensitivity determination and resistance mechanism of Sclerotium rolfsii to difenoconazole
Authors: Jiang Chaofan , Zhou Lin , Wang Mengke , Shen Sirui , Cheng Weifeng , Zhao Qingchen , Cui Kaidi , He Leiming
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Peanut stem rot, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, has become increasingly prevalent in China, leading to significant yield losses in peanut production. To effectively manage peanut stem rot, we assessed the potential application of difenoconazole against peanut stem rot.

RESULTS

Difenoconazole has a good inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii, with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values ranging from 0.10 to 1.58 μg/mL and an average of 0.33 ± 0.02 μg/mL. Nonetheless, a small percentage of wild‐type isolates exhibiting low resistance to difenoconazole were identified in the field. The primary reason for S. rolfsii resistance to difenoconazole was found to be attributed to the overexpression of CYP51. In addition, a small number of resistant isolates also exhibited multidrug resistance through the overexpression of efflux pump genes atrB and atrD. Pot experiments revealed that difenoconazole demonstrated superior protective efficacy against peanut stem rot, with mist spray treatment exhibiting better control efficacy compared to root drench treatment. Specifically, at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, the protective efficacy of difenoconazole mist spray against peanut stem rot reached 65.24%, which was statistically similar to that of tebuconazole. Furthermore, no significant correlation was observed between sensitivity to difenoconazole and mefentrifluconazole, benzovindiflupyr, boscalid, thifluzamide, carboxin, or picoxystrobin.

CONCLUSION

To delay the emergence of resistant populations, we recommend early‐stage application of difenoconazole via spraying for peanut stem rot management, alongside the judicious use of fungicides with no cross‐resistance like thifluzamide and boscalid for optimal control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Circuit Emulating Neural Response Based on Ga2O3 Photomemristor
Authors: Sparvoli Marina , Chubaci José F. D. , Jorge Fábio O. , Fidelis Daniel G. , Goveia Gilson S. , Silva Tiago F. , Rodrigues Cléber L. , da Silva Antônio Ferreira , Mansano Ronaldo D. , Freitas Jaime A.
Published: December 2024

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3), a transparent semiconductor material with  wide bandgap between 4.5 and 4.9 eV, has attracted increasing interest lately due to multifunctionality. In this work, Ga2O3 films are deposited by ion‐beam‐assisted deposition method on p‐type silicon at ≈800 °C. Films deposited at lower temperatures predominantly have β‐phase structure, while those deposited at higher temperatures have dominant ε‐phase structure. Memristors testing devices are fabricated by depositing aluminum contacts over the Ga2O3 surface and the back surface of the substrate. In the Rutherford backscattering structural analysis, it is indicated that there is aluminum diffusion from the top contact into the film. The current–voltage measurement of the isolated device provides key information for understanding the memristor operation, revealing its bipolar characteristic and responsiveness to visible‐light soaking. The resistive switching behavior involving filament formation due to oxygen vacancies is discussed; however, since there is a light response, the most plausible explanation for the resistive switching is the trapping/detrapping mechanism. In the proposed neuromorphic circuit measurement, it is aimed to use a circuit that emulates a neuronal membrane and study the behavior of memristors response to light stimulus. This approach proves to be an excellent tool for observing action potentials, which mimic human vision.
Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of an in‐class combination therapy switch from bosentan plus sildenafil to ambrisentan plus tadalafil in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Morgan Cara , Idris Nikmah , Elterefi Kathy , Di Ienno Luca , Constantine Andrew , Quyam Sadia , Bini Roberta , Moledina Shahin
Published: December 2024

The aim of this single‐centre retrospective observational study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of an in‐class combination therapy switch from bosentan plus sildenafil to ambrisentan plus tadalafil in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Children aged over 5 years who were established on sildenafil plus bosentan were offered to undergo a therapy switch from May 2014 to May 2021 and, if remaining in the service, followed up to May 2024. Children with Eisenmenger syndrome, open intra or extra‐cardiac shunt, or with pulmonary hypertension‐associated lung disease were excluded. As part of a structured clinical program children were assessed via walk test, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and serum biomarkers. Fifty‐two children were included, 33 in the switch group and 19 in the control group. Clinical characteristics at diagnosis and baseline assessments did not differ between groups. All children tolerated the medication switch. Over a median 13.0 [12.0,13.7] week follow‐up in the switch group there was a significant improvement in World Health Organization functional class (WHO FC, p < 0.001); reduction in estimated right ventricular systolic pressure by echocardiography of 7 mmHg (p = 0.03) and a 2% increase (p = 0.03) in right ventricular ejection fraction on CMRI. There was a sustained improvement in WHO FC (p < 0.01) in the switch group at medium‐term follow‐up of 40.9 [35.2,49.3] weeks. Long‐term outcome of transplant‐ or Potts shunt‐free survival was comparable between the two groups.
Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Small Nickel Clusters Nin (n ≤ 15): First Principle Study
Authors: Chibani M. , Benamara S. , Zitoune H. , Lasmi M. , Benchalal L. , Lamiri L. , Samah M.
Published: December 2024

Theoretical study on the structure and electronic properties of small Nin (n ≤ 15) clusters has been carried out in the framework of density functional theory. The equilibrium geometries, the bond length, average binding energy, and magnetic moment per atom of these clusters were calculated in detail. The clusters constitute an intermediate state of matter between the isolated atoms and the massive condensed phase, and they do not mimic the bulk structure and shows significant geometrical changes with size. The binding energy per atom increases monotonically with size, and the magnetic moment oscillates with the size. The more stable structures are closed structures with inter atomic distances between 2.13 and 2.76 Å. The Ni2, Ni7, Ni9, Ni12, and Ni14 clusters are more stable than their neighboring clusters, and the most favorable channel for nickel clusters is the Ni14 cluster.
Scenario‐Based Distributed Robust Optimization for Optimal Virtual Power Plant Scheduling Under Uncertainty
Authors: Hu Jianqiang , Ding Yining , Cen Wanyi , Cao Jinde
Published: December 2024

Distributed robust optimization algorithms focus on developing decision‐making strategies that can operate effectively under uncertain conditions. This paper examines a scenario‐based distributed robust optimization algorithm for optimal scheduling of virtual power plants (VPPs). The proposed algorithm follows three key steps: scenario sampling, scenario reduction, and distributed optimization using the Alternating Direction Multiplier Method (ADMM). This approach balances robustness with computational complexity and ensures convergence, offering a practical solution for multi‐agent optimization. By employing an uncertainty set to represent the variabilities of wind and photovoltaic power generation, which leads to the establishment of a distributed robust optimization model for optimal virtual power plant scheduling. Experimental simulations validate the algorithm's feasibility and efficacy in economically optimal scheduling, offering methodological support for enhancing both robustness and economic efficiency in VPPs' operations.
Sustaining Linguistic Heritage Through Black‐Centric Texts
Authors: McMurtry Teaira
Published: December 2024

America's strength lies in its inherent diversity‐‐an enduring truth that makes the Eurocentric nature of our educational curricula troubling. Despite this foundational reality, curricular materials remain predominantly Eurocentric, often excluding authentic representation and inclusion of Black/African American experiences in children's and young adult literature. This issue is exacerbated by a politically charged environment where efforts to prioritize diversity, equity, and inclusion in education have been criminalized, particularly in southern states. Prioritizing cultural and linguistic diversity in U.S. classrooms is essential for nurturing and sustaining young learners' literate lives. This article aims to disrupt these inequities by analyzing the integration of culturally authentic texts, rooted in the lived experiences, perspectives, and traditions of Black/African American communities, to counter stereotypes and celebrate linguistic dexterity. Guided by culturally and linguistically relevant theories, the study presents a critical content analysis of three Black‐centric children's and pre‐adolescent books. These texts exemplify Black Livingness, showcasing joy, playfulness, and imagination in contemporary Black life while opposing anti‐Blackness. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating these texts in educational curricula to provide authentic representations of Black experiences, nurture students' cultural identities, and foster critical literacy. The article offers pedagogical recommendations for educators to meaningfully select and center Black‐centric texts, enhancing culturally relevant and rigorous literacy learning experiences. By disrupting harmful anti‐Black practices in curricula, educators can create learning environments that affirm and amplify Black linguistic capital, supporting the academic success and well‐being of Black students. Through this approach, the study aims to empower educators as transformative intellectuals and agents of change in promoting Black linguistic justice.
Bioinspired Synthesis of Transition Metal‐Enhanced Co₃O₄ Using Mangifera indica Leaves for Photocatalytic and Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Pradhan Debapriya , Biswal Susanta Kumar , Nayak Nibedita , Singhal Rahul , Beriha Swaraj kumar , Pattanaik Rasmirekha , Dash Suresh Kumar
Published: December 2024

The topic of wastewater remediation has been extensively discussed in recent years, and one of the main pollutants has been dyes. One of the promising techniques for dye degradation is photocatalysis. A novel transition metal Fe with different percentage (15%, 20%, 25%) doped Co3O4 was prepared employing a novel green process using Mangifera Indica leaf extract.The structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of doped catalyst was studied by XRD, FTIR, FE‐SEM, HR‐TEM, PL, CV, EIS, TGA, XPS, UV‐DRS, and BET analysis.By doping the Fe metal on the surface of Co3O4 resulting increase in surface area with improving charge carriers separation and lower the band gap energy. The photocatalytic activity was studied by degrading BG dye under solar light.25% Fe doped cobalt oxide having band gap energy 2.1 eV showed maximum degradation efficiency of 96% at pH 8 on 30 ppm dye concentration with 30 mg catalyst under 90min.The radical trapping experiment showed the vital role of hydroxyl and superoxide radical in degradation mechanism. By doping Fe atoms the efficiency of the host is increased which will be the most promising candidate for the photocatalytic dye degradation applications. The material presents a strong possibility for use in super capacitor applications due to its increased current density and lower on set potential.
Regulation of Metal‐Support Interaction in Single‐Atom Catalysis
Authors: He Lanxin , Guan Chen , Bulushev Dmitri A. , Xiang Quanjun
Published: December 2024

In recent years, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with separated active centers and high atom utilization have grown significantly as a significant area of catalytic research. In catalytic applications, SACs of various kinds have demonstrated exceptional performance, so the study of the catalytic mechanism of SACs provides a clearer direction for the preparation of catalysts with high performance. Strong linkages between the single atoms and the support are necessary to overcome the tendency of single atoms to aggregate into clusters, which is called metal‐support interaction (MSI). MSI affects not only the stability of individual atoms, but also the nature of the binding site and applicable reactions. Therefore, investigating the connection between MSI and the catalytic mechanism is crucial. This work describes the latest developments in the means of MSI and activity modulation in single‐atom catalysis. First, the synthesis strategies of SACs are presented, including ALD, co‐deposition, impregnation, and so on. Second, the catalytic mechanisms realized by using MSI in the loading of SACs with different types of supports are highlighted. Third, the strategies for the modulation of single‐atom catalytic activity are discussed, including heterojunction strategy, ligand environment strategy, and dual‐single‐atom strategy. Finally, possible directions for future development in single‐atom catalysis are suggested.
Circulating Tumor Cells Culture: Methods, Challenges, and Clinical Applications
Authors: Zhou Zhengdong , Cai Songhua , Zhou Xiaoyu , Zhao Wei , Sun Jiayu , Zhou Zhihang , Yang Zihan , Li Wenxiu , Wang Zhe , Zou Heng , Fu Huayang , Wang Xicheng , Khoo Bee Luan , Yang Mengsu
Published: December 2024

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a pivotal role in cancer metastasis and hold considerable potential for clinical diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and prognostic evaluation. Nevertheless, the limited quantity of CTCs in liquid biopsy samples poses challenges for comprehensive downstream analysis. In vitro culture of CTCs can effectively address the issue of insufficient CTC numbers. Furthermore, research based on CTC cell lines serves as a valuable complement to traditional cancer cell line‐based research. While numerous reports exist on CTC in vitro culture and even the establishment of CTC cell lines, the methods used vary, leading to disparate culture outcomes. This review presents the developmental history and current status of CTC in vitro culture research. Additionally, the culture strategies applied in different methods and analyzed the impact of various steps on culture outcomes are compared. Overall, the review indicates that while the short‐term culture of CTCs is relatively straightforward, long‐term culture success has been achieved for various specific cancer types but still faces challenges. Further optimization of efficient and widely applicable culture strategies is needed. Additionally, ongoing applications of CTC in vitro culture are summarized, highlighting the potential of expanded CTCs for drug susceptibility testing and as therapeutic tools in personalized treatment.
Defect Regulation of Low‐Temperature‐Processed CsPbI2Br Solar Cells Based on Silane Additives
Authors: Su Zhan , Yu Bo , Zhang Yuning , Yu Huangzhong
Published: December 2024

The development of inverted all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is limited by the defect‐induced nonradiative recombination. Herein, a strategy to enhance the efficiency and stability of p‐i‐n type CsPbI2Br solar cells by introducing (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPTS) into the CsPbI2Br precursor solution is reported. The incorporation of GOPTS significantly reduces voids and grain boundaries in CsPbI2Br films fabricated at low temperatures (150 °C). The alkoxy, epoxy, and ether groups in GOPTS effectively passivate uncoordinated Pb, diminishing the nonradiative recombination centers associated with perovskite defects. Density functional theory simulations suggest that GOPTS increases the vacancy formation energies of Cs and I, leading to the reduced nonradiative recombination. Furthermore, GOPTS mitigates photoinduced phase segregation and further enhances the performance and stability of the PSCs. This modification results in an increase in the power conversion efficiency of the p‐i‐n type CsPbI2Br solar cells, from 11.83% to 13.32%, when self‐assembled monolayers are used as the hole transport layer. This study underscores the potential of silane‐based additives in defect passivation for all‐inorganic perovskites, providing a viable route for the advancement of high‐efficiency CsPbI2Br solar cells.
Towards Transformative Supply Chain Research and Practice: A Critical Systems Perspective
Authors: Gregory Amanda , Atkins Jonathan , Dwivedi Ashish
Published: December 2024

The argument that the supply chain discipline needed to make an epistemological break with functionalism in favour of a systems approach was made by Mears‐Young and Jackson (1997) but it has largely been overlooked. This paper seeks to address this oversight by demonstrating what a systems (multiparadigm, multimethodological) approach involves and means for supply chain theory and practice: the adoption of a broad range of paradigmatic perspectives, the juxtaposition and interplay of different perspectives and the creation of opportunities for understanding and action that offer the potential for transformational insight and change. Such a systems approach is demonstrated through the employment of three contrasting perspectives (objective‐positivist, subjective‐interpretivist and radical‐critical) to the case study of the supply chain for personal protective equipment (PPE) in the United Kingdom during the first year of the Covid pandemic. This case study is complex and multifaceted and demonstrates well the urgent practical need for a systems approach to supply chain theory and practice as each supply chain perspective offers only partial insight and understanding. In summary, this paper seeks to advance supply chain theory and practice by articulating what a systems approach to it involves.