bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and tribological properties of TiSiCN composite coatings with different carbon contents deposited by plasma‐enhanced magnetron sputtering
Authors: Liu Zhubo , Jin Wantao , Zhou Bing , Ma Linan , Ma Xiaoguang , Zhao Jingwei
Published: July 2023

TiSiCN composite coatings with different C contents were prepared on Cr buffer layer by plasma‐enhanced magnetron sputtering. The structure, composition, surface, and cross‐sectional morphology of the coatings were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscope. The hardness, elastic modulus, and tribological performance of the coatings were evaluated by nanoindentation and reciprocating friction tests. The results showed that the TiSiCN composite coatings are amorphous structure composed of TiCN compound and microcrystalline graphite, and amorphous phases. The increase of C content changed the content and distribution of TiCN ceramics nanocrystal, amorphous Si3N4 and amorphous carbon (sp3‐ and sp2‐hybridized C), thus affecting the hardness and friction behavior of the coatings. The hardness of the composite coatings was related to the content of TiCN phase and sp3‐C in the coatings. The TiSiCN composite coating with C content of 68.2% had lower coefficient of friction and the lowest wear rate.
The Uplift of an Early Stage Collisional Plateau Unraveled by Fluvial Network Analysis and River Longitudinal Profile Inversion: The Case of the Eastern Anatolian Plateau
Authors: Molin Paola , Sembroni Andrea , Ballato Paolo , Faccenna Claudio
Published: July 2023

Orogenic plateaus of continental collision zones exhibit landforms and fluvial networks that retain first‐order information on their topographic evolution and vertical growth. The inversion of river longitudinal profiles allows to reconstruct the base level fall history of plateaus, supporting the study of landscape evolution in the frame of geodynamic models. The Eastern Anatolian Plateau (EAP) of the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone is a plateau at an early stage of development. It stands at ∼2,000 m, presents endorheic basins, and is drained by three main river networks. Seismic data indicate a thinned lithospheric mantle that explains the late Cenozoic volcanic activity. Despite the number of studies on the EAP uplift, its history is still debated. In this study we investigated the EAP hydrography and topography, and we inverted the longitudinal profile of one of the main rivers: the Arax River. The results describe a high‐standing, low‐relief plateau drained by a hydrography, controlled by active tectonics. Longitudinal profiles and χ‐plots illustrate rivers in disequilibrium with channel steepness increasing downstream. The elevation of marine deposits indicates a surface uplift of ∼2,000 m, ∼500 m of which are of residual topography. This upheaval occurred by two increases: the first one at 10–11 Ma with the opening of a slab window and the arrival of a mantle flow from Arabia and the second one at ∼5 Ma with the continued inflow coupled with isostasy. Our results describe the early stage of collisional plateau development, distinguishing the contribution of deep processes and isostasy to the topographic growth.
Induction of Morphogenesis of Adventitious Bud Explants of Fast-Growing Woody Plants of the Genus Paulownia
Authors: Sobralieva Eliza
Published: July 2023

Recently, the interest of the scientific society has focused on the study of various forms and hybrids of Paulownia. The Shan Tong hybrid has been introduced in the Chechen Republic and work is underway on the introduction of Pao Tong Z07, both hybrids are frost-resistant -20 ...-30 0C. It is known that the induction of morphogenesis in most cultures is a difficult task, since it is accompanied by problems of selecting the optimal composition of the nutrient medium, as well as the type of explant being initiated, which takes a lot of time. The paper presents the results of the research of the laboratory “Biotechnology of agricultural plants for regenerative agriculture” for 2021-2022 on the cultivation in vitro of fast-growing plants with high sequestration potential from the genus Paulownia. The results of experiments to study the effectiveness of sterilizing substances – hypochlorites on the survival of explants initiated from the axillary kidneys are presented. A positive effect was noted in the induction of morphogenesis of adventitious kidneys from axillary kidneys in Paulownia Shan Tong and Paulownia Pao Tong Z07. The optimal protocol of the nutrient medium for the introduction and multiplication of micro-plants is given, the concentrations of plant growth regulators 6-BAP and BCI to increase the reproduction coefficient of plants Paulownia Shan Tong and Paulownia Pao Tong Z07 are also studied.
ECMO Membrane Lung Failure due to Hypertriglyceridemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Badulak Jenelle H. , Curtis Eleanor , Bulger Eileen M.
Published: July 2023

The deleterious effects of high serum lipid content on the membrane lung (ML) during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are sparsely documented, and the threshold of lipemia-induced membrane failure is poorly described. We present a case of a patient on venovenous ECMO who developed ML failure after 7 days due to moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia (700–800 mg/dL). ML failure was exhibited by impaired gas exchange and high transmembrane pressures, and there was notable lipemic layering in the circuit immediately after decannulation. This case demonstrates that in addition to patients with extreme lipemia, ML failure can also occur in patients with moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia. Hypertriglyceridemia should be suspected in patients with high transmembrane pressures and ML failure not attributable to thrombosis, and these patients may require frequent ML changes if a prolonged ECMO run is required.
Comparison of Thromboelastography Devices TEG®6S Point of Care Device vs. TEG®5000 in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Emani Sirisha , Emani Vishnu S. , Diallo Fatoumata B. , Dutta Puja , Matte Gregory S. , Nathan Meena , Ibla Juan C. , Emani Sitaram M.
Published: July 2023

Thromboelastography (TEG) can predict bleeding in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We hypothesized that results obtained from TEG®5000 correlate with the new point-of-care TEG®6S system and that TEG®6S rewarming maximum amplitude (MA) is associated with surrogate endpoints for perioperative bleeding in pediatric patients who underwent complex cardiac surgery. We describe a retrospective study of pediatric (≤18 years) patients who underwent complex cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass. Citrate whole-blood samples were used to compared TEG®5000 vs.TEG®6S and TEG®6S-FLEV (with fibrinogen measurement) vs. Clauss-fibrinogen methods. TEG®6S parameters obtained during rewarming were compared to the surrogate endpoints for perioperative bleeding using linear regression analysis. Among 100 patients, 225 TEG®5000 vs.TEG®6S comparisons and 54 TEG®6S-FLEV were analyzed. Good correlation was observed for all parameters comparing TEG®5000 to TEG®6S and TEG®6S-FLEV to the Clauss-fibrinogen method (Pearson r ≥ .7). Similar to rewarming TEG®5000 MA, rewarming TEG®6S MA was the only parameter independently associated with risk for perioperative bleeding (median [interquartile range {IQR}] in bleeding vs. nonbleeding patients: 35 [29, 48] vs. 37 [32, 55]; p = .02). A platelet transfusion calculator was developed based on TEG®6S results by determining the relationship between platelet transfusion volume (mL/kg) and percent change in MA using linear regression analysis. TEG®6S is a good alternative point-of-care method to analyze a patient’s coagulation profile and it is comparable to TEG®5000 in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass. Lower TEG®6S MA during rewarming is associated with increased risk for perioperative bleeding. TEG analysis during rewarming may be useful in customizing platelet transfusion therapy by reducing the risk of bleeding while minimizing excessive blood product transfusions.
Molecular Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance in Central Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: DIKOUMBA Annicet-Clotaire , ONANGA Richard , MANGOUKA Laurette G. , BOUNDENGA Larson , NGOUNGOU Edgard-Brice , GODREUIL Sylvain
Published: July 2023

Background:  In Central Africa, it is difficult to fight against antibiotic resistance, because of  a  lack of data and information on bacterial resistance, due to the low number of studies carried out in the field. To fill this gap, we carried out a systematic review of the various studies, and devise a molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance from humans, animals and the environmental samples.Method:  A systematic search of all publications from 2005 to 2020 on bacterial resistance in Central Africa was performed on Pubmed, Google scholar and African journals online. All circulating resistance genes, prevalence and genetic carriers of these resistances were collected. The study area was limited to the 9 countries of Central Africa. Results:  Five hundred seventeen studies were identified through a literature search, and sixty studies carried out in 8 countries were included. Among all articles included, 43 articles were from human. Our study revealed not only the circulation of beta-lactamase and carbapenemase genes, but also several other types of resistance genes. To finish, we noticed that some studies reported mobile genetic elements such as integrons, transposons, plasmids, or chromosomes.Conclusion:  The scarcity of data poses difficulties in the implementation of effective strategies in the fight against antibiotic resistance, which requires a health policy in a "One Health" approach.
Risk and ambiguity of COVID-19 inhibit intentions for post-pandemic travel via reduced valuation of tourism
Authors: Ye Baojuan , Zhao Shunying , Im Hohjin , Gan Liluo , Liu Mingfan , Wang Xinqiang , Yang Qiang
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine how the initial ambiguity of COVID-19 contributed to tourists' intentions for visiting a once-viral outbreak site in the future.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study (N = 248) used partial least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine whether perceptions of ambiguity and mismanagement of COVID-19 are indirectly related to intentions to travel to Wuhan in a post-pandemic world through perceptions of risk and tourism value. Further, whether the model effects differed as a function of individual safety orientation was examined.

Findings

Perceptions of COVID-19 risk and tourism value serially mediated the effects of perceived COVID-19 ambiguity on post-pandemic travel intentions. Safety orientation did not moderate any paths. Perceived risk was a negative direct correlate of post-pandemic travel intentions.

Originality/value

The current study's strength is rooted in its specific targeting of post-pandemic travel intentions to Wuhan—the first city to experience a widescale outbreak of COVID-19 and subsequent international stigma—compared to general travel inclinations.
Integrating Pool‐seq uncertainties into demographic inference
Authors: Carvalho João , Morales Hernán E. , Faria Rui , Butlin Roger K. , Sousa Vítor C.
Published: July 2023

Next‐generation sequencing of pooled samples (Pool‐seq) is a popular method to assess genome‐wide diversity patterns in natural and experimental populations. However, Pool‐seq is associated with specific sources of noise, such as unequal individual contributions. Consequently, using Pool‐seq for the reconstruction of evolutionary history has remained underexplored. Here we describe a novel Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) method to infer demographic history, explicitly modelling Pool‐seq sources of error. By jointly modelling Pool‐seq data, demographic history and the effects of selection due to barrier loci, we obtain estimates of demographic history parameters accounting for technical errors associated with Pool‐seq. Our ABC approach is computationally efficient as it relies on simulating subsets of loci (rather than the whole‐genome) and on using relative summary statistics and relative model parameters. Our simulation study results indicate Pool‐seq data allows distinction between general scenarios of ecotype formation (single versus parallel origin) and to infer relevant demographic parameters (e.g. effective sizes and split times). We exemplify the application of our method to Pool‐seq data from the rocky‐shore gastropod Littorina saxatilis, sampled on a narrow geographical scale at two Swedish locations where two ecotypes (Wave and Crab) are found. Our model choice and parameter estimates show that ecotypes formed before colonization of the two locations (i.e. single origin) and are maintained despite gene flow. These results indicate that demographic modelling and inference can be successful based on pool‐sequencing using ABC, contributing to the development of suitable null models that allow for a better understanding of the genetic basis of divergent adaptation.
Valuation Implications of Mandatory CSR Expenditure in India
Authors: Bose Sudipta , Clarkson Peter M. , Richardson Gordon D.
Published: July 2023

We examine the value‐relevance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure utilizing the Indian setting of mandatory CSR spending regulation which commenced in 2014. India is the only country where regulators mandate both CSR reporting and spending. Our interest is in two types of firms that meet the minimum specified thresholds: firms that voluntarily made CSR expenditures pre‐regulation (voluntary spenders) and firms that did not (forced spenders). This separation in revealed preference allows researchers and investors to observe, at least on average, a firm's true CSR strategy type (proactive/leader versus reactive/follower) through their pre‐regulation expenditure strategy. This unique quasi‐experimental setting allows us to investigate whether CSR spending is positively associated with shareholders’ value, both when spending was voluntary pre‐regulation (for voluntary spenders) and after it became mandatory post‐regulation (for voluntary and forced spenders). We find that for voluntary spenders, the markets assess CSR expenditure as valuation‐enhancing pre‐regulation, but post‐regulation the valuation benefits are significantly weakened. The market's assessment is that a forced spender's (imposed) CSR expenditure is, on average, less valuable than that of voluntary spenders, consistent with such spending being viewed as a form of corporate taxation. Further, we find that shortfalls from the required spending amount are penalized by the market for voluntary spenders but rewarded for forced spenders. We also find that advertising appears to play an important communication role both pre‐ and post‐regulation. We view the results as being consistent with the notion that mandated expenditures are viewed differently than those made voluntarily.
From “disappointing” to “fantastic”: Women's experiences with labor induction in a U.S. tertiary hospital
Authors: Danilack Valery A. , Siegel‐Reamer Leah , Lum Liana , Kesselring Cailey , Brousseau Erin Christine , Guthrie Kate M.
Published: July 2023

Objective

The series of interventions that comprise labor induction shape patient experiences; however, patient perceptions are not always considered when structuring the process of care. Through qualitative interviews, we elucidated women's expectations and experiences regarding labor induction.

Methods

Labor induction patients were recruited from a United States tertiary care hospital's postpartum mother–baby unit and invited to participate in semi‐structured qualitative interviews. Interview questions included expectations and experiences of the labor induction process, side effects and health outcomes of concern, reflections on personal tolerance of different interventions, and thoughts about an ideal process.

Results

Between April and September 2018, 36 women were interviewed. The labor induction process involved a wide range of experiences; when asked to characterize labor induction in one word, responses ranged from horrible, frustrating, and terrifying to simple, fast, and smooth. Inductions were often described as longer than what was expected. The most polarizing induction method was the Foley balloon catheter. Women's concerns regarding side effects largely centered on the health of their baby, and an ideal induction involved fewer interventions.

Conclusions

Experiences with labor induction vary greatly and are related to expectations. The way interventions are introduced influences women's perceptions of control and their ultimate level of contentment with the birthing process. Attention to experiences and preferences has the potential to improve quality of care through communication, shared decision‐making, and education.
Functions of actin‐binding proteins in cilia structure remodeling and signaling
Authors: Wang Siqi , Wang Xin , Pan Congbin , Liu Ying , Lei Min , Guo Xiying , Chen Qingjie , Yang Xiaosong , Ouyang Changhan , Ren Zhanhong
Published: July 2023

Cilia are microtubule‐based organelles found on the surfaces of many types of cells, including cardiac fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, human retinal pigmented epithelial‐1 (RPE‐1) cells, and alveolar epithelial cells. These organelles can be classified as immotile cilia, referred to as primary cilia in mammalian cells, and motile cilia. Primary cilia are cellular sensors that detect extracellular signals; this is a critical function associated with ciliopathies, which are characterized by the typical clinical features of developmental disorders. Cilia are extensively studied organelles of the microtubule cytoskeleton. However, the ciliary actin cytoskeleton has rarely been studied. Clear evidence has shown that highly regulated actin cytoskeleton dynamics contribute to normal ciliary function. Actin‐binding proteins (ABPs) play vital roles in filamentous actin (F‐actin) morphology. Here, we discuss recent progress in understanding the roles of ABPs in ciliary structural remodeling and further downstream ciliary signaling with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying actin cytoskeleton‐related ciliopathies.
Targeting the loss of cGAS/STING signaling in cancer
Authors: Sasaki Nobunari , Homme Mizuki , Kitajima Shunsuke
Published: July 2023

The cGAS/STING pathway provides a key host defense mechanism by detecting the accumulation of cytoplasmic double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) and mediating innate and adaptive immune signaling. In addition to detecting pathogen‐derived dsDNA, cGAS senses intrinsic dsDNA, such as those associated with defective cell cycle progression and mitophagy that has leaked from the nucleus or mitochondria, and subsequently evokes host immunity to eliminate pathogenic cells. In cancer cells, dysregulation of DNA repair and cell cycle caused at the DNA replication checkpoint and spindle assembly checkpoint results in aberrant cytoplasmic dsDNA accumulation, stimulating anti‐tumor immunity. Therefore, the suppression of cGAS/STING signaling is beneficial for survival and frequently observed in cancer cells as a way to evade detection by the immune system, and is likely to be related to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) resistance. Indeed, the mechanisms of ICB resistance overlap with those acquired in cancers during immunoediting to evade immune surveillance. This review highlights the current understanding of cGAS/STING suppression in cancer cells and discusses how to establish effective strategies to regenerate effective anti‐tumor immunity through reactivation of the cGAS/STING pathway.
Exploring the role of a facilitator in supporting family carers when embedding the iSupport for Dementia programme in care services: A qualitative study
Authors: Yu Ying , Hunter Sarah C. , Xiao Lily , Meyer Claudia , Chapman Michael , Tan Kai Ping , Chen Langduo , McKechnie Sue , Ratcliffe Julie , Ullah Shahid , Kitson Alison , Andrade Andre Q. , Whitehead Craig
Published: July 2023

Aims

To explore stakeholders' perceptions of a facilitator's role in supporting carers when embedding iSupport for Dementia psychoeducation program, in care services.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive study design was applied. Data were collected from workshops and interviews with carers of people living with dementia (PLWD)and with health and social care professionals from two tertiary hospitals and two community aged care organisations across three Australian states between October 2021 and March 2022. A thematic analysis was used to analyse data. The COREQ guideline was followed to report our findings.

Results

A total of 30 family carers and 45 health and social care professionals participated in the study. Three main themes and seven subthemes were identified from the data. We described the main themes as (1) the facilitator's role at the time of dementia diagnosis, (2) the facilitator's role throughout the everyday dementia care journey and (3) the facilitator's role during transition moments.

Conclusions

Caring for family members with dementia is demanding and stressful for carers. Embedding a facilitator‐enabled iSupport for Dementia program in hospital and community aged care settings has the potential to mitigate sources of stress associated with care recipient factors, carer factors and care service factors, and improve the health and well‐being of carers and those for whom they care.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Our findings will inform the establishment of iSupport facilitators appointed by dementia care providers in hospital and community care settings and help determine their roles and responsibilities in delivering the iSupport program. Our findings relate to nurse‐led and coordinated dementia care in hospital and community aged care settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study was co‐designed with stakeholders from two aged care organisations and two tertiary hospitals. The study participants were staff employed by these organisations and carers of PLWD who were service users.
On torsion in linearized Legendrian contact homology
Authors: Golovko Roman
Published: July 2023

In this short note, we discuss certain examples of Legendrian submanifolds, whose linearized Legendrian contact (co)homology groups over integers have non-vanishing algebraic torsion. More precisely, for a given arbitrary finitely generated abelian group [Formula: see text] and a positive integer [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], we construct examples of Legendrian submanifolds of the standard contact vector space [Formula: see text], whose [Formula: see text]th linearized Legendrian contact (co)homology over [Formula: see text] computed with respect to a certain augmentation is isomorphic to [Formula: see text].
Electromagnetic field around the magnetized and idealized neutron star
Authors: Turimov Bobur , Atamurotov Farruh
Published: July 2023

The electrodynamics of the highly magnetized and spherical symmetric neutron star within the framework of special relativity has been investigated. It is assumed that the neutron star is isolated and consists of highly conducting matter. Explicit demonstrations were made regarding the multipole solutions for both axially symmetric and non-axially symmetric electromagnetic fields surrounding the neutron star. It was observed that the axially symmetric solutions are independent of time, whereas the non-axially symmetric solutions are time-dependent. Additionally, wave-like solutions for the electromagnetic field in TE and TM modes were derived.
Whitening Effect of Juglans regia Dry Husk Extract on Primary and Permanent Teeth
Authors: Turki Ola Hameed , Jafar Zainab Juma
Published: July 2023

Walnut is a common member of the family Juglandaceae. Recently, the evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the parts of walnut has received increased interest. Many reasons are responsible for teeth discolouration because teeth can absorb ingredients from tea, coffee, and food. Stains from these ingredients could stay in the porous enamel layer. Traditional whitening chemicals have some side effects, the most common of which is tooth sensitivity and mild or moderate gingival irritation. The aims of this comparative experimental study were to evaluate the whitening effect of Juglans regia dry husk extract and compare it with that of traditional prophylactic pumice. Forty human teeth were collected. Amongst these teeth, 20 were permanent, and the other 20 were primary. Each group was randomly divided into a study group (treated with dry husk extract) and a control group (treated with traditional pumice). Tooth colour was measured with Easy VitaShade Advanced 4.0, and the readings of lightness, chroma, and hue (

a

∗

represents the green to red axis and

b

∗

represents the blue to yellow axis) were documented for each tooth before and after polishing. A statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (version 22; Chicago, Illinois, USA). Data were analysed using Shapiro–Wilk, Wilcoxon sum rank, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and the level of significance was set to 0.05. A normality test was conducted using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and it showed that the colour variables were not normally distributed. With regard to tooth lightness, significant differences were observed in the primary and permanent teeth and Juglans regia exerted a much better whitening effect than pumice at

p
<
0.05

. This study supports the use of Juglans regia dry husk extract in dentistry as a natural product with a whitening effect. It has utilisation potential in dentistry due to its beneficial properties and highly active components.
“Cross Treaty Interpretation” en bloc or How CAFTA-DR Tribunals Are Systematically Interpreting the FET Standard Based on NAFTA Case Law
Authors: Dumberry Patrick
Published: July 2023

This article examines how tribunals set up under the CAFTA-DR have interpreted the fair and equitable treatment (‘FET’) standard under Article 10.5 in the last 15 years. It shows that they have consistently referred to NAFTA case law to define the standard and to interpret the scope and content of the different elements it contains (arbitrary conduct, legitimate expectations, due process). The only exception is regarding denial of justice. This is a fascinating example of “cross treaty interpretation”. I will explain the reasons why CAFTA tribunals have done so and examine whether or not this “cross treaty interpretation” en bloc is legitimate and sound in light of the canons of treaty interpretation.
Moving Away from Open Judicial Balancing Review
Authors: Gerards Janneke
Published: July 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic truly has been called a global crisis. To fight the spread of the virus, many States have introduced measures that seriously restrict or affect fundamental rights, ranging from procedural rights to the freedom of movement and the right to personal autonomy. In Europe, it is to be expected that many cases concerning such rights infringements eventually will come before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). This contribution aims to give an insight into how the Court will likely give shape to its proportionality test in such cases. It thereby predicts that open balancing review – for which the ECtHR is famous – will play a much less important role than methods of reasoning by analogy and procedural review.
SETD2 variation correlates with tumor mutational burden and MSI along with improved response to immunotherapy
Authors: Zheng Xiaobin , Lin Jing , Xiong Jiani , Guan Yanfang , Lan Bin , Li Yi , Gao Xuan , Fei Zhaodong , Chen Lisha , Chen Lizhu , Chen Ling , Chen Gang , Guo Zengqing , Yi Xin , Cao Weiguo , Ai Xinghao , Zhou Chengzhi , Li Xiaofeng , Zhao Jun , Yan Xiangtao , Yu Qitao , Si Lu , Chen Yu , Chen Chuanben
Published: July 2023

Background

SETD2 protects against genomic instability via maintenance of homologous recombination repair (HRR) and mismatch repair (MMR) in neoplastic cells. However, it remains unclear whether SETD2 dysfunction is a complementary or independent factor to microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) for immunocheckpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, and little is known regarding whether this type of dysfunction acts differently in various types of cancer.

Methods

This cohort study used multidimensional genomic data of 6726 sequencing samples from our cooperative and non-public GenePlus institute from April 1 through April 10, 2020. MSIsensor score, HRD score, RNAseq, mutational data, and corresponding clinical data were obtained from the TCGA and MSKCC cohort for seven solid tumor types.

Results

A total of 1021 genes underwent target panel sequencing reveal that SETD2 mutations were associated with a higher TMB. SETD2 deleterious mutation dysfunction affected ICI treatment prognosis independently of TMB-H (p < 0.01) and had a lower death hazard than TMB-H in pancancer patients (0.511 vs 0.757). Significantly higher MSI and lower homologous recombination deficiency were observed in the SETD2 deleterious mutation group. Improved survival rate was found in the MSKCC-IO cohort (P < 0.0001) and was further confirmed in our Chinese cohort.

Conclusion

We found that SETD2 dysfunction affects ICI treatment prognosis independently of TMB-H and has a lower death hazard than TMB-H in pancancer patients. Therefore, SETD2 has the potential to serve as a candidate biomarker for ICI treatment. Additionally, SETD2 should be considered when dMMR is detected by immunohistochemistry.
Colloidal Trehalose Nanoparticles: Sacrifice Templates for Hollow Silica Nanospheres
Authors: Matsune Hideki , Ikemizu Ren , Shiomori Koichiro , Muraoka Emi , Yamamoto Tsuyoshi , Kishida Masahiro
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate a trehalose nanoparticle (Tre NP) colloid first prepared by an injection method, and applied to a sacrifice template to create a hollow silica nanosphere. The Tre NP is successfully coated with a uniform layer of silica via sol-gel process, and removed simply by soaking in water, leading to the formation of the hollow nanostructure.
Association of indoor use of pesticides with CKD of unknown origin
Authors: Alvand Saba , Alatab Sudabeh , Dalvand Sahar , Shahraki-Sanavi Fariba , Kaykhaei Mahmoud Ali , Shahraki Elham , Barar Erfaneh , Sepanlou Sadaf G. , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health problem. Recently, an epidemic of CKD of unknown origin (CKDu), a form of CKD seen mostly in agricultural communities, has been emerged. One of the proposed causes of CKDu is pesticide use in farmers. On the other hand, the research on relation between indoor use of pesticides and CKDu is little. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between indoor use of pesticide as well as the exposure time with CKDu. This study was done as part of the population-based cohort of Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran. We used the baseline data of the Zahedan Adult Cohort Study. All subjects with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2, and unavailable creatinine measurement were excluded. Subjects with an eGFR of less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were defined as having CKDu, and their data were compared with those with an eGFR of more than 90 ml/min/1.73 m2. Data regarding indoor pesticide use and duration of exposure were obtained through a questionnaire. After applying the exclusion criteria, 1079 subjects remained in the study. Female sex, single marital status, low physical activity, triglyceride (TG) levels of more than 150 mg/dl, body mass index (BMI) of more than 25 kg/m2, non-smokers, indoor pesticide use, and high pesticide exposure time were associated with CKDu. The effects of age, female sex, TG levels more than 150 mg/dl, pesticide use (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.01–1.84), and high exposure time (third tertile of exposure time) compared to non-users (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.07–2.51) remained significant in multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

We found a positive association between pesticide use, as well as longer exposure time to pesticides, and impaired kidney function in cases without diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Further longitudinal studies should be carried out to confirm these findings.
Comparison of oral versus intravenous methadone on postoperative pain and opioid use after adult spinal deformity surgery: A retrospective, non-inferiority analysis
Authors: Esfahani Kamilla , Tennant William , Tsang Siny , Naik Bhiken I. , Dunn Lauren K.
Published: July 2023

Objective

To compare efficacy of oral versus intravenous (IV) methadone on postoperative pain and opioid requirements after spine surgery.

Methods

This was a retrospective, single-academic center cohort study evaluating 1010 patients who underwent >3 level spine surgery from January 2017 to May 2020 and received a one-time dose of oral or intravenous methadone prior to surgery. The primary outcome measured was postoperative opioid use in oral morphine equivalents (ME) and verbal response scale (VRS) pain scores up to postoperative day (POD) three. Secondary outcomes were time to first bowel movement and adverse effects (reintubation, myocardial infarction, and QTc prolongation) up to POD 3.

Results

A total of 687 patients received oral and 317 received IV methadone, six patients were excluded. The IV group received a significantly greater methadone morphine equivalent (ME) dose preoperatively (112.4 ± 83.0 mg ME versus 59.3 ± 60.9 mg ME, p < 0.001) and greater total (methadone and non-methadone) opioid dose (119.1 ± 81.4 mg ME versus 63.9 ± 62.5 mg ME, p < 0.001), intraoperatively. Although pain scores for the oral group were non-inferior to the IV group for all postoperative days (POD), non-inferiority for postoperative opioid requirements was demonstrated only on POD 3. Based on the joint hypothesis for the co-primary outcomes, oral methadone was non-inferior to IV methadone on POD 3 only. No differences in secondary outcomes, including QTc prolongation and arrhythmias, were noted between the groups.

Conclusions

Oral methadone is a feasible alternative to IV methadone for patients undergoing spine surgery regarding both pain scores and postoperative opioid consumption.
Developed Methodology for Ship Retrofitting (Case Study: RV Baruna Jaya I)
Authors: Waskito Dwitya Harits , Muhtadi Ahmad , Handoyo Tris , Wijaya Rio Dwi Sakti , Ramadhan Prastya Rizky
Published: July 2023

Ship retrofitting is one alternative solution to extend a ship’s life. Several component replacements were performed in the retrofitting process, remodelings to the ship’s main dimension, and state-of-the-art equipment and technology were added. As one of the ships that require regular renewal, especially in research equipment, retrofit processes are often carried out on research vessels. The current problem in the retrofit process for research vessels, especially in Indonesia, is that retrofits are not carried out with established methodology and planning. Thus, some retrofit projects are limited to major repairs and do not extend the ship’s life or performance. To solve that problem, a developed methodology for ship retrofitting was proposed, which consists of selecting the ship and the type of retrofit and its components, determining retrofit requirements, and designing the ship based on the retrofit project. In the design process, a modified spiral design is explicitly used for the retrofit process with some alterations compared with the conventional one, which is focused on analyzing the suitability and availability of space, consumable and tank requirements, analysis of power requirements, risk analysis, and project execution plan. A case study of this developed methodology has been undertaken in the concept design phase of RV Baruna Jaya 1’s retrofit, and the results show that the methodology is considered helpful as an approach for ship retrofitting. Moreover, several considerations were also obtained from the concept design stage and had to be analyzed at the following design stage to meet the retrofit design requirements.
Phosphorylation of PPDPF via IL6‐JAK2 activates the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zi Yuyuan , Liu Liyu , Gao Jie , Xu Xu , Guan Yidi , Rong Zhuoxian , Cao Zhen , Li Mengwei , Zeng Zimei , Fan Qi , Tang Feiyu , He Junju , Feng Dan , Chen Jionghuang , Dai Yuedi , Huang Yufeng , Nie Yingjie , Pei Haiping , Cai Qingping , Li Zhi , Sun Lunquan , Deng Yuezhen
Published: July 2023

Inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and leads to β‐catenin accumulation in colitis‐related CRC. However, the mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, pancreatic progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation factor (PPDPF) is found to be upregulated in CRC and significantly correlated with tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stages and survival time. Knockout of PPDPF in the intestinal epithelium shortens crypts, decreases the number of stem cells, and inhibits the growth of organoids and the occurrence of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced CRC. Mechanistically, PPDPF is found to interact with Casein kinase 1α (CK1α), thereby disrupting its binding to Axin, disassociating the β‐catenin destruction complex, decreasing the phosphorylation of β‐catenin, and activating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Furthermore, interleukin 6 (IL6)/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)‐mediated inflammatory signals lead to phosphorylation of PPDPF at Tyr16 and Tyr17, stabilizing the protein. In summary, this study demonstrates that PPDPF is a key molecule in CRC carcinogenesis and progression that connects inflammatory signals to the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, providing a potential novel therapeutic target.
Low Dose Aspirin as Prophylaxis Reduces the Incidence of Preeclampsia in Women at High Risk – A Review
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy Practice, M.M College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana - 133207, India, Cherian Riya M , Nain Parminder ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, M.M College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana - 133207, India, Mehta Sanjana ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab-140401, India, Chauhan Samrat ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab-140401, India, Kaur Jaspreet ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, M.M College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana - 133207, India
Published: July 2023

Only pregnant women are susceptible to preeclampsia, a disorder that raises blood pressure and results in proteinuria, edema, or both. Although aspirin is not widely used due to safety and efficacy concerns, it is thought that high-risk pregnant women who take low doses of aspirin can avoid preeclampsia. Several clinical studies are been out on high-risk female patients to prevent preeclampsia with low dose aspirin (60-150 mg). Using a combination of keywords, the literature database that is available on multiple peer-reviewed national and international journals was searched electronically. Between 8 and 28 weeks of gestation, aspirin 100 mg or 150 mg was given together with a placebo to high-risk pregnant women in 11 RCTs. According to the existing research, preeclampsia and its associated foetal and maternal problems can be prevented or when high-risk pregnant women are given low-dose aspirin between 12 and 28 weeks of gestation, especially at night, the risk is decreased.
Therapeutic Implication of Herbal Phytoconstituents in Stroke
Authors:   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab - 140401, India, Khan Heena , Rihal Vivek ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab - 140401, India, Singh Thakur Gurjeet ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab - 140401, India, Grewal Amarjot Kaur ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab - 140401, India
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is a prominent global cause of death and disability. Other than employingischemic stroke treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, which must be administered within 3 hours of an acute incident and carries a high risk of hemorrhagic complications, there is currentlya few effective stroke treatment should be done. Herbal medicines, mainly derived from plants, are an excellent source for developing novel therapeutic agents for a wide range of human illnesses. In additionally, the multifaceted influence of herbal medicine and its active ingredients on stroke aetiology may indicate a bright future for natural medicine in stroke therapy. Objective: Herbal medications are effective in stroke therapy because of their anti apoptotic, neuroprotective, anti inflammatory, and vascular protecting effects. Although herbal remedies are often thought of as safe and effective, there is a frequent misconception that if a treatment is effective, it must have side effects. As a result, herbal remedies are either useless or have undesirable side effects as medications. A sizeable portion of the populations in many developed countries relies on traditional healers and their supply of medicinal plants to suit their medical needs. Conclusion: Even after due to historical and cultural factors, herbal medicines have typically retained their popularity despite the advent of modern medicine alongside such ancient therapies. Additionally, herbal remedies are more advantageous for chronic health issues like stroke. This review looks at the possible mechanism of Action for the Valuable Effects of Herbal Medicines in stroke patients.
A intervenção francesa no Mali
Authors: Silva Josias Marcos de Resende , Mendonça Henrique , Bezerra de Azevedo Rodrigo , Costa Marinho Rafael
Published: July 2023

Aproveitando-se da instabilidade resultante de um golpe de Estado ocorrido em março de 2012, rebeldes tuaregues conquistaram a região historicamente reivindicada do Azawad, localizada no norte do Mali. Nos meses seguintes, grupos armados jihadistas que apoiaram o movimento tuaregue tomaram o poder no território conquistado e impuseram um regime islâmico extremista. Além de desencadear uma crise humanitária de grandes proporções, os jihadistas passaram a constituir uma ameaça ao sul do país e a toda a região do Sahel. Após intensas negociações diplomáticas junto aos organismos internacionais e em decorrência de um pedido de ajuda militar proveniente do presidente interino do Mali, Dioncounda Traoré, a França liderou uma intervenção militar no país entre janeiro de 2013 e julho de 2014 denominada “Operação Serval”. Nesse contexto, este artigo analisa essa operação com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto dessa intervenção militar francesa no Mali. Metodologicamente, foi conduzido umestudo de caso sobre a Operação Serval, de forma a compreender profundamente sua condução, assim como seus antecedentes e suas consequências nos níveis político e militar. Como resultado, foi possível verificar que ela cumpriu satisfatoriamente seus objetivos militares propostos. Contudo, o bom desempenho militar não correspondeu ao sucesso no nível político.
Насилие и проблема реализации необходимой обороны в сфере семейно-бытовых отношений
Authors: Кузнецов А.А. , Шевелева Д.С.
Published: July 2023

В статье рассмотрено насилие и проблема реализации необходимой обороны в сфере семейно-бытовых отношений. Рассматриваются статистические данные, характеризующие состояние преступности, насилие в сфере семейно-бытовых отношений. Анализируются результаты деятельности судов по вопросу применения уголовного законодательства по делам о домашнем насилии с учетом института необходимой обороны. Статья основывается на законодательстве Российской Федерации, материалах исследований, проведенных другими авторами
The SIR epidemic model with diffusion and nonlinear incidence: a symmetry approach
Authors: Naz R , Johnpillai A , Mahomed F , Omamed A.
Published: July 2023

We use Lie point symmetries to obtain reductions and closed-form solutions for the
diffusive SIR epidemic model with diffusion and nonlinear incidence. We determine
that the Lie algebra for this model is three-dimensional. We invoke these to establish
closed-form solutions of the diffusive SIR model. Furthermore, we utilized the closedform
solutions to generate a graphical representation of the infected curve, and
carried out a sensitivity analysis to gain valuable insights into the transmission
dynamics of the epidemic. Additionally, the most general Lie symmetry generator
is used to find the reductions and numerical solutions.
Lidocaine could promote the cuproptosis through up-regulating the long noncoding RNA DNMBP-AS1 in laryngeal cancer
Authors: Yu Yi , He Yi , Lv Meihong
Published: July 2023

Background:Lidocaine is a traditional local anesthetic, which has been reported to trigger apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, independent of death receptor signaling. Cuproptosis is a copper triggered mitochondrial cell death mode. In this study, we explored the biological effects of lidocaine on laryngeal cancer and studied the relevant mechanisms of cuproptosisMethods:quantitative RT-PCR weas used to measure the expression level of long noncoding RNA (IncRNA) DNMBP-AS1. DNMBP-AS1 siRNA (si-DNMBP-AS1) were transfected into Hep-2 cells to verify the roles of DNMBP-AS1 in cuproptosis. 24 hours treatment with 20 nM elesclomol and 2 µM CuCl2 was performed to promote the occurrence of Cuproptosis. Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays ware utilized to analyze biological effect of lidocaine on Hep-2 cells.Results:DNMBP-AS1 was significantly upregulated during cuproptosis in Hep-2 cells. The si-DNMBP-AS1 significantly increased the cell viability, and suppress the cuproptosis. Lidocaine was cytotoxic to the Hep-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exposure to 10 μM of lidocaine for 24 hours did not reduce the viability, but significantly increased the expression of DNMBP-AS1, and promote the cuproptosis. Anymore, si-DNMBP-AS1 reverse the pro-cuproptosis function of lidocaine.Conclusions:lidocaine was cytotoxic to human laryngeal cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, promoted the cuproptosis through up-regulating DNMBP-AS1. The results of this study offer initial optimism that lidocaine can be used in an adjuvant or neoadjuvant fashion in laryngeal cancer treatment.
Cross-Reactivity and sequence similarity between microbial transglutaminase and human antigens: expanded exposome of autoimmune diseases
Authors: Lerner Aaron , Benzvi Carina , Vojdani Aristo
Published: July 2023

Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a bacterial survival factor, frequently used as a food additive to glue processed nutrients. As a result, new immunogenic epitopes are generated that might drive autoimmunity. Presently, its contribution to autoimmunity through epitope similarity and cross-reactivity was investigated. Emboss Matcher was used to perform sequence alignment between mTG and various antigens implicated in many autoimmune diseases. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies made specifically against mTG were applied to 77 different human tissue antigens using ELISA. Six antigens were detected to share significant homology with mTG immunogenic sequences, representing major targets of common autoimmune conditions. Polyclonal antibody to mTG reacted significantly with 17 out of 77 tissue antigens. This reaction was most pronounced with mitochondrial M2, ANA, and extractable nuclear antigens. The results indicate that sequence similarity and cross-reactivity between mTG and various tissue antigens are possible, supporting the relationship between mTG and the development of autoimmune disorders. 150W