bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Nonhome Discharge in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: An Observational Study
Authors: Washida Koichi , Kato Takao , Ozasa Neiko , Morimoto Takeshi , Yaku Hidenori , Inuzuka Yasutaka , Tamaki Yodo , Seko Yuta , Yamamoto Erika , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Kitai Takeshi , Yamashita Yugo , Iguchi Moritake , Nagao Kazuya , Kawase Yuichi , Morinaga Takashi , Toyofuku Mamoru , Furukawa Yutaka , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Sato Yukihito , Kuwahara Koichiro , Kimura Takeshi
Published: July 2021

Background

No clinical studies have focused on the factors associated with discharge destination in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.

Methods and Results

Of 4056 consecutive patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure in the KCHF (Kyoto Congestive Heart Failure) registry, we analyzed 3460 patients hospitalized from their homes and discharged alive. There were 3009 and 451 patients who were discharged to home and nonhome, respectively. We investigated the factors associated with nonhome discharge and compared the outcomes between home discharge and nonhome discharge. Factors independently and positively associated with nonhome discharge were age ≥80 years (odds ratio [OR],1.76; 95% CI,1.28–2.42), body mass index ≤22 kg/m
2
(OR,1.49; 95% CI,1.12–1.97), poor medication adherence (OR, 2.08; 95% CI,1.49–2.88), worsening heart failure (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.46–2.82), stroke during hospitalization (OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.75–8.00), functional decline (OR, 12.24; 95% CI, 8.74–17.14), and length of hospital stay >16 days (OR, 4.14; 95% CI, 3.01–5.69), while those negatively associated were diabetes mellitus (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.51–0.94), cohabitants (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46–0.85), and ambulatory state before admission (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.18–0.36). The cumulative 1‐year incidence of all‐cause death was significantly higher in the nonhome discharge group than in the home discharge group. The nonhome discharge group compared with the nonhome discharge group was associated with a higher adjusted risk for all‐cause death (hazard ratio, 1.66;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

The discharge destination of patients with acute decompensated heart failure is influenced by factors such as prehospital social background, age, body mass index, low self‐care ability, events during hospitalization (worsening heart failure, stroke, etc), functional decline, and length of hospital stay; moreover, the prognosis of nonhome discharge patients is worse than that of home discharge patients.

Registration Information

clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT02334891.
Occurrence of Coronary Collaterals in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Sleep Apnea
Authors: Summerer Verena , Arzt Michael , Fox Henrik , Oldenburg Olaf , Zeman Florian , Debl Kurt , Buchner Stefan , Stadler Stefan
Published: July 2021

Background

In patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), cardioprotective effects of obstructive sleep apnea are postulated on account of hypoxemic preconditioning. The aim of this single‐center substudy was to investigate a potential association between obstructive sleep apnea and the presence of coronary collaterals in patients with first‐time acute MI who have been enrolled in an ongoing, multicenter clinical trial.

Methods and Results

In TEAM‐ASV I (Treatment of Sleep Apnea Early After Myocardial Infarction With Adaptive Servo‐Ventilation Trial; NCT02093377) patients with first acute MI who received a coronary angiogram within 24 hours after onset of symptoms underwent polygraphy within the first 3 days. Coronary collaterals were classified visually by assigning a Cohen‐Rentrop Score (CRS) ranging between 0 (no collaterals) and 3. Of 94 analyzed patients, 14% had significant coronary collaterals with a CRS ≥2. Apnea‐Hypopnea Index (AHI) score was significantly higher in patients with CRS ≥2 compared with those with CRS <2 (31/hour [11–54] versus 13/hour [4–27];
P
=0.032). A multivariable regression model revealed a significant association between obstructive AHI and CRS ≥2 that was independent of age, sex, body mass index, and culprit lesion left anterior descending artery (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12;
P
=0.023), but no significant association between coronary collaterals and central AHI (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.97–1.08;
P
=0.443).

Conclusions

Patients with first‐time acute MI had more extensive coronary collateralization with an increased AHI or rather an increased obstructive AHI. This finding supports the hypothesis that obstructive sleep apnea exerts potential cardioprotective effects, in addition to its known deleterious effects, in patients with acute MI.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02093377.
Plaque Vulnerability Index Predicts Cardiovascular Events: A Histological Study of an Endarterectomy Cohort
Authors: Goncalves Isabel , Sun Jiangming , Tengryd Christoffer , Nitulescu Mihaela , Persson Ana F. , Nilsson Jan , Edsfeldt Andreas
Published: July 2021

Background

The balance between stabilizing and destabilizing atherosclerotic plaque components is used in experimental studies and in imaging studies to identify rupture prone plaques. However, we lack the evidence that this balance predicts future cardiovascular events. Here we explore whether a calculated histological ratio, referred to as vulnerability index (VI), can predict patients at higher risk to suffer from future cardiovascular events.

Methods and Results

Carotid plaques and clinical information from 194 patients were studied. Tissue sections were used for histological analysis to calculate the VI (CD68 [cluster of differentiation 68], alpha‐actin, Oil red O, Movat pentachrome, and glycophorin A). Postoperative cardiovascular events were identified through the Swedish National Inpatient Health Register (2005–2013). During the follow‐up (60 months) 45 postoperative cardiovascular events were registered. Patients with a plaque VI in the fourth quartile compared with the first to third quartiles had significantly higher risk to suffer from a future cardiovascular event (
P
=0.0002). The VI was an independent predictor and none of the 5 histological variables analyzed separately predicted events. In the 13 patients who underwent bilateral carotid endarterectomy, the VI of the right plaque correlated with the VI of the left plaque and vice versa (
r
=0.7,
P
=0.01).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that subjects with a high plaque VI have an increased risk of future cardiovascular events, independently of symptoms and other known cardiovascular risk factors . This strongly supports that techniques which image such plaques can facilitate risk stratification for subjects in need of more intense treatment.
Association Between Radial Versus Femoral Access for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Long‐Term Mortality
Authors: Ng Andrew Kei‐Yan , Ng Pauline Yeung , Ip April , Jim Man‐Hong , Siu Chung‐Wah
Published: July 2021

Background

Percutaneous coronary intervention with radial arterial access has been associated with fewer occurrences of major bleeding. However, published data on the long‐term mortality and major adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention with radial or femoral arterial access are inconclusive.

Method and Results

This was a territory‐wide retrospective cohort study including 26 022 patients who underwent first‐ever percutaneous coronary intervention between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017 in Hong Kong. Among the 14 614 patients matched by propensity score (7307 patients in each group), 558 (7.6%) and 787 (10.8%) patients died during the observation period in the radial group and femoral group, respectively, resulting in annualized all‐cause mortality rates of 2.69% and 3.87%, respectively. The radial group had a lower risk of all‐cause mortality compared with the femoral group up to 3 years after percutaneous coronary intervention (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.63–0.78;
P
<0.001). Radial access was associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiac events (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73–0.83,
P
<0.001), myocardial infarction after hospital discharge (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70–0.87,
P
<0.001), and unplanned revascularization (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68–0.85,
P
<0.001). The risks of stroke were similar across the 2 groups (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.82–1.13,
P
=0.655).

Conclusions

Radial access was associated with a significant reduction in all‐cause mortality at 3 years compared with femoral access. Radial access was associated with reduced risks of myocardial infarction and unplanned revascularization, but not stroke. The benefits were sustained beyond the early postoperative period.
Conflict and Climate: Drivers of Fire Activity in Syria in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Zubkova Maria , Giglio Louis , Humber Michael L. , Hall Joanne V. , Ellicott Evan
Published: July 2021

It has been 10 years since the start of the Syrian uprisings. While relative stability is improving overall, a new disaster, wildfires, impacted an already food-insecure population by burning through key production areas, damaging crops, soil, and livestock and causing air quality to deteriorate. As observed with remotely sensed data, fire affected 4.8% of Syria in 2019, as compared with the average 0.2%, and most fires were observed within agricultural land in the northeast. Abnormal amounts of rainfall during the 2019 growing season and, consequently, high soil moisture explained about 62% of the drastic increase in the burned area extent. In contrast, in 2020, fires continued despite the average amount of rainfall. Extremely high temperature could partially explain a 10-fold increase in the extent of burned area in 2020 but only within forested regions in the northwest. We argue that the abrupt changes in Syria’s fire activity were driven by the complex interactions among conflict, migration, land use, and climate. On one side, the ongoing conflict leads to a drastic increase in the number of accidental and deliberate fires and reduced capacity for fire response. On the other side, years of insecurity, widespread displacement, and economic instability left no choice for locals other than exploiting fires to remove natural vegetation for expanding farming, logging, and charcoal trading. The loss of agricultural production and natural vegetation to fire can have serious implications for food security, soil property, biodiversity, and ecosystem services, which can further exacerbate the already unstable economy and make ongoing violence even more intense.
Low and High Broadband Spectral Models of Atmospheric Pressure Fluctuation
Authors: Marty Julien , Doury Benoit , Kramer Alfred
Published: July 2021

This paper presents new low and high power spectral density models for pressure fluctuations at the Earth’s surface over the frequency range of (10−5– 8) Hz. Previously proposed models often included limitations, such as a much narrower frequency range, the inclusion of erroneous and non-calibrated data or recorded data not deconvolved from the measurement system responses. The progress recently made with response modeling and field calibration of pressure fluctuation measurement systems now allows to propose more realistic power spectral density models over an extremely large frequency band. This paper describes how the data were selected, processed, and analyzed to obtain the final global models. In addition, the intermediate results allow the characterization of several atmospheric mechanisms, such as gravity wave saturation, limits of the buoyancy and acoustic cut-off frequencies or wind turbulence modes. The two proposed low and high power spectral density models are planned to be used for a wide range of applications, including assessing the quality of measured pressure fluctuations, verifying the validity of modeled pressure fluctuations and supporting the design, testing and calibration of a new generation of measurement systems. The models presented in this paper are made available to the scientific community.
A rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) that incorporates a 13C-labelled internal standard
Authors: Grant Kirsten M , Livie Craig , Smith Karen , Leung Chui Ha , Johnston Susan
Published: July 2021

Background

Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is a first-line investigation for gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours that secrete serotonin. It also has clinical utility for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic response.

Aim

To develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid that incorporates a supported liquid extraction and 13C-labelled internal standard.

Methods

Samples were diluted in ammonium acetate containing a 13C-labelled internal standard (5-hydroxyindole-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-13C6-3-acetic acid). Supported liquid extraction was performed followed by chromatographic separation using the 2.1 × 30 mm CORTECS® UPLC® T3 column. Mass spectrometry detection (Waters Xevo TQ-XS) was performed in electrospray positive mode using the transitions 192.3 > 146.4 m/z (quantifier) and 192.3 > 118.4 m/z (qualifier) for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 198.2 > 152.4 m/z for 13C-5-HIAA.

Results

A well-defined 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid peak was observed at 0.8 min with a run time of 2.4 min. The assay was linear (r2 > 0.99) to 382  µmol/L, with a lower limit of quantification of 5.3  µmol/L (CV <15%). Analysis of 29 external quality assurance samples showed good agreement between our method and the UKNEQAS method mean (4.7% positive bias). The intra- and inter-assay precision was within acceptable limits, and the assay was stable up to 96 h postextraction with minimal carryover.

Conclusion

We have developed a robust LC-MS/MS method with semi-automated extraction that offers an improved run time and performance over the existing, labour-intensive, HPLC method. The method was quick, precise, showed good agreement with UKNEQAS external quality assurance material and is in routine service for clinical samples.
Resilience in Context: The Association between Neighborhood Disadvantage and Cumulative Positive Childhood Experiences among Justice-Involved Youth
Authors: Craig Jessica M. , Wolff Kevin T. , Baglivio Michael T.
Published: July 2021

Alongside the research on the impact of cumulative trauma on later outcomes, scholars have started to investigate how an accumulation of protective factors may buffer adverse outcomes. However, these studies have failed to consider how one’s social context, in particular the levels of social disorganization and immigrant concentration present, may be associated with the accumulation of protective factors. Using data from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, the current study examines how both youth- and neighborhood-level factors predict cumulative positive childhood experiences (PCEs) among justice-involved youth. The results indicated that while immigrant concentration is unassociated with PCE accumulation, social disorganization is negatively associated with the number of PCEs, holding all else constant.
Dental Pulp Stem Cell Polarization: Effects of Biophysical Factors
Authors: Chang B. , Ma C. , Feng J. , Svoboda K.K.H. , Liu X.
Published: July 2021

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have the potential to polarize, differentiate, and form tubular dentin under certain conditions. However, the factors that initiate and regulate DPSC polarization and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Identification of the factors that control DPSC polarization is a prerequisite for tubular dentin regeneration. We recently developed a unique bioinspired 3-dimensional platform that is capable of deciphering the factors that initiate and modulate cell polarization. The bioinspired platform has a simple background and confines a single cell on each microisland of the platform; therefore, it is an effective tool to study DPSC polarization at the single-cell level. In this work, we explored the effects of biophysical factors (surface topography, microisland area, geometry, tubular size, and gravity) on single DPSC polarization. Our results demonstrated that nanofibrous architecture, microisland area, tubular size, and gravity participated in regulating DPSC polarization by influencing the formation of the DPSC process and relocation of the Golgi apparatus. Among these factors, nanofibrous architecture, tubular size, and appropriate microisland area were indispensable for initiating DPSC polarization, whereas gravity served as an auxiliary factor to the process of DPSC polarization. Meanwhile, microisland geometry had a limited effect on DPSC polarization. Collectively, this work provides information on DPSC polarization and paves the way for the development of new biomaterials for tubular dentin regeneration.
Successful Application of a Galanin-Coated Scaffold for Periodontal Regeneration
Authors: Ma W. , Lyu H. , Pandya M. , Gopinathan G. , Luan X. , Diekwisch T.G.H.
Published: July 2021

The nervous system exerts finely tuned control over all aspects of the life of an organism, including pain, sensation, growth, and development. Recent developments in tissue regeneration research have increasingly turned to small molecule peptides to tailor and augment the biological response following tissue loss or injury. In the present study, we have introduced the small molecule peptide galanin (GAL) as a novel scaffold-coating agent for the healing and regeneration of craniofacial tissues. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected GAL and GAL receptors in healthy periodontal tissues and in the proximity of blood vessels, while exposure to our periodontal disease regimen resulted in a downregulation of GAL. In a 3-dimensional bioreactor culture, GAL coating of collagen scaffolds promoted cell proliferation and matrix synthesis. Following subcutaneous implantation, GAL-coated scaffolds were associated with mineralized bone-like tissue deposits, which reacted positively for alizarin red and von Kossa, and demonstrated increased expression and protein levels of RUNX2, OCN, OSX, and iBSP. In contrast, the GAL receptor antagonist galantide blocked the effect of GAL on Runx2 expression and inhibited mineralization in our subcutaneous implantation model. Moreover, GAL coating promoted periodontal regeneration and a rescue of the periodontal defect generated in our periodontitis model mice. Together, these data demonstrate the efficacy of the neuropeptide GAL as a coating material for tissue regeneration. They are also suggestive of a novel role for neurogenic signaling pathways in craniofacial and periodontal regeneration.
Compulsory Citizenship Behavior and Facades of Conformity: A Moderated Mediation Model of Neuroticism and Citizenship Pressure
Authors: Liang Huai-Liang
Published: July 2021

Drawing on the social exchange theory, this study investigates how compulsory citizenship behavior (CCB) produces facades of conformity through citizenship pressure, and whether neuroticism moderates the relationship among them. This study surveyed 356 employees (259 males, 97 females; average age 37.7 years) of a northern Taiwanese corporation to investigate the relationship among CCB, citizenship pressure, and facades of conformity. The study found that neuroticism moderates the strength of the indirect effect of CCB and facades of conformity through citizenship pressure, such that the mediated relationship is stronger under high neuroticism than under low neuroticism. It also suggests that a relationship among CCB, citizenship pressure, and facades of conformity exists, in which a negative response leads to generalized pressure in organizations. Finally, this study proposes that managers and employers should consider that CCB may result in false conformity by employees and introduce negative citizenship pressure into the work domain. In addition, employers should encourage employees to build social relations to avoid CCB. Organizations and leaders need to generate environments within which employees support extra-role activities in the workplace.
Antimicrobial behavior, low-stress mechanical properties, and comfort of knitted fabrics made from poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)/polylactide acid filaments and cotton yarns
Authors: Liu Shirui , Ma Linlin , Ding Xujiao , Wong Kelly C , Tao Xiao-Ming
Published: July 2021

This article presents a systematic investigation of the knitted fabrics made from various blends of intrinsically antimicrobial poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)/polylactide acid filaments and cotton staple fibers. The effects of blend yarn, fabric structures, and distributions of fibers on antimicrobial properties of resultant yarns and knitted fabrics were studied. The relationships among fiber distribution, blend ratio, and anti-microbial properties were experimentally determined for three blend yarns made by sirofil, wrap-spun, and core-spun spinning technologies. The fabrics made from the sirofil-spun and wrap-spun yarns show better anti-microbial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans than those of the core-spun yarns, according to the standard AATCC100-2012 Antibacterial Finishes on Textile Materials (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, 2012). An alternative blending method of co-knitting of the pure poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)/polylactide acid yarns and cotton yarns achieved excellent antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, a wearing trial of underwear made from the blended knitted fabrics was conducted in a nursing home. The wearing comfort of the garments, low-stress mechanical and surface properties of fabrics were evaluated objectively by the Kawabata Evaluation System of Fabric (KESF) system and subjectively by a questionnaire survey to users.
On asymptotically stabilizing control of nonlinear fractional control systems using an optimization scheme
Authors: Yavari Mina , Nazemi Alireza
Published: July 2021

In this paper, stabilization of the nonlinear fractional order systems with unknown control coefficients is considered where the dynamic control system depends on the Caputo fractional derivative. Related to the nonlinear fractional control (NFC) system, an infinite-horizon optimal control (OC) problem is first proposed. It is shown that the obtained OC problem can be an asymptotically stabilizing control for the NFC system. Using the help of an approximation, the Caputo derivative is replaced with the integer order derivative. The achieved infinite-horizon OC problem is then converted into an equivalent finite-horizon one. According to the Pontryagin minimum principle for OC problems and by constructing an error function, an unconstrained minimization problem is defined. In the optimization problem, trial solutions are used for state, costate and control functions where these trial solutions are constructed by using a two-layered perceptron neural network. A learning algorithm with convergence properties is also provided. Two numerical results are introduced to explain the main results.
Epiglottitis in Patients With Preexisting Autoimmune Diseases: A Nationwide Case–Control Study in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Cheng-Ming , Tsai Ming-Shao , Yang Yao-Hsu , Lin Ko-Ming , Wang Yun-Ting , Huang Shu-Yi , Lin Meng-Hung , Huang Ethan I. , Chang Geng-He , Liu Chia-Yen , Tsai Yao-Te
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

The role of autoimmune diseases on the risk for acute epiglottitis remains uncertain. This study aimed to delineate the association between epiglottitis and autoimmune diseases using population database.

Methods:

A population-based retrospective study was conducted to analyze claims data from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database collected over January, 2000, to December, 2013.

Results:

In total, 2339 patients with epiglottitis were matched with 9356 controls without epiglottitis by sex, age, socioeconomic status, and urbanization level. The correlation between autoimmune diseases and epiglottitis was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Compared with controls, patients with epiglottitis were much more likely to have preexisting Sjögren syndrome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.14-4.91; P = .021). In addition, polyautoimmunity was associated with increased risk of epiglottitis (aOR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.14-3.80; P = .018), particularly in those aged >50 years (aOR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.21-5.66; P = .015).

Conclusions:

Among autoimmune diseases, we verify the association between epiglottitis and Sjögren syndrome in Taiwan. Furthermore, we present the novel discovery that patients with epiglottitis have an increased risk of polyautoimmunity, particularly those aged >50 years.
Adjuncts Unite! The Struggle to Unionize, Administrative Response, and Building a Bigger Movement
Authors: Schlaerth Christian A. I.
Published: July 2021

In the last decade, adjuncts have become the dominant faculty type at most colleges and universities, making up to 80 percent of those teaching college courses. Their conditions and struggles have been well documented in terms of their compensation and working conditions. Adjuncts have begun to organize across the nation, while also fighting for a broader movement, most notably through Service Employees International Union’s (SEIU) Faculty Forward Campaign, along with others. However, institutions of higher learning have been fighting back against these efforts in the same manners that for-profit companies have done in the past. This paper demonstrates the conflict as well as providing a framework for something bigger.
Defects in Doubt Manufacturing: The Trajectory of a Pro-industrial Argument in the Struggle for the Definition of Carcinogenic Substances
Authors: Thomas Valentin
Published: July 2021

Recent work in science and technology studies has looked at how chemical industries manufacture doubt about the toxicity of their products and manage to establish their scientific views in the field of international regulations on toxic substances. Rather than examining yet another “victory” for the industry, this article analyzes the deployment of a “pro-industrial” scientific position, punctuated mainly by failure and opposition. This trajectory is tracked through the analysis of several data sets: archives, scientific documentation, and sociological interviews. The first part of the article charts the development of a biochemical concept, “peroxisome proliferation,” within an academic subfield and its subsequent appropriation by certain industrial parties who used it as a defensive weapon for their commercial interests. Through the example of the International Agency for Research on Cancer and its network of interdependent institutions, the article goes on to analyze the multiple attempts of chemical industry players to establish their interpretation of the concept within the regulatory bodies for carcinogenic substances. The study of such systems of sociological interdependence shows that a full analysis of the “doubt manufacturing” requires an examination not only of the manufacturing process but also of the reception of the ideas produced.
Depicting emotions for a male or for a female audience: Do children adapt the content of their drawings to the audience gender?
Authors: Brechet Claire , Creissen Sara , D’Audigier Lucie , Vendeville Nathalie
Published: July 2021

When depicting emotions, children have been shown to alter the content of their drawings (e.g., number and types of expressive cues) depending on the characteristics of the audience (i.e., age, familiarity, and authority). However, no study has yet investigated the influence of the audience gender on children’s depiction of emotions in their drawings. This study examined whether drawing for a male versus for a female audience have an impact on the number and type of emotional information children use to depict sadness, anger, and fear. Children aged 7 ( N = 92) and 9 ( N = 126) were asked to draw a figure and then to produce three drawings of a person, to depict three emotions (sadness, anger, fear). Children were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: they were instructed either to draw with no explicit mention of an audience (control condition) or to draw so that the depicted emotion would be recognized by a male (male audience condition) or by a female (female audience condition). A content analysis was conducted on children’s drawings, revealing the use of seven types of graphic cues for each emotion. We found numerous differences between the three conditions relative to the type of cues used by children to depict emotions, particularly for anger and fear and particularly at the age of 7. Overall, children used facial cues more frequently for a female audience and contextual cues more frequently for a male audience. These results are discussed in terms of their implications in clinical, educational, and therapeutic settings.
Indigenous patrimonialization as an operation of the liberal state
Authors: Espinosa Patricio , Bustamante-Kuschel Gonzalo
Published: July 2021

Indigenous conservation through patrimonialization is the product of political and legal decisions made by a non-indigenous agent: the liberal state, using the law to retain a form of bios. We propose that patrimonialization is the device by which liberal states have processed and integrated indigenous claims into a form of bios ultimately designed to safeguard state legal structures. We argue that, to uphold the rule of law in contexts of struggle and resistance that challenge the very understanding of the law, states respond by wielding the law in the form of the rule by law, that is, pushing the law to the limit to give normative content to the criteria by which the state conducts its affairs, without straying from the individual rights framework. We hold that the rule by law is an operation that defines the patrimonialization of indigenous peoples. It increases their visibility while imposing limits on political action to keep them from becoming sui juris subjects capable of breaching the distinction between zoe and bios. In this article, we try to understand the political–ideological intent of these decisions, the intentions beyond the letter of the law of patrimonialized peoples.
Mucocutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Yucatan Minipig
Authors: Coe Sarah E. , Thellman Shane , Petticoffer Andrew , Pielemeier Randall , Nelson Keith
Published: July 2021

Minipigs are commonly utilized in dermal toxicology studies, necessitating documentation of background findings, including neoplastic lesions. We describe a case of a Yucatan minipig with a squamous cell carcinoma at the mucocutaneous junction of the lip. The neoplasm appeared grossly as a slightly raised area of skin with ulceration. Histologically, there were nests and trabeculae of neoplastic squamous epithelial cells undergoing keratinization. Multifocally, rafts of these cells were within lymphatic vessels. Squamous cell carcinoma has not previously been reported in Yucatan or other laboratory minipigs, however, has been reported uncommonly in nonlaboratory pot-bellied pigs. Although squamous cell carcinoma has been associated with ultraviolet exposure or papillomavirus in various species, this was unable to be confirmed in this case.
Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients: Relation to Cognitive Performance, Psychotic Experiences, and Social Functioning
Authors: Baliga Sachin P , Kedare Jahnavi S , Mankar Utkarsh J , Kamath Ravindra M
Published: July 2021

Background:

Neurocognitive deficits are well-documented in patients of schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives (FDRs). Metacognitive awareness of these deficits, called neurocognitive insight (NI), has been found to be poor in schizophrenia patients but has not been assessed in their FDRs. This study evaluated NI and its relationship with objective cognitive performance, a history of psychotic experiences (PEs), and social functioning in unaffected FDRs.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 100 FDRs were assessed for PEs and evaluated for subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), objective cognitive performance, and social functioning using the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia, neurocognitive tests from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences battery, and SCARF Social Functioning Index, respectively.

Results:

Compared to normative data, episodic memory was the most commonly impaired domain (up to 72% of participants), followed by working memory, attention, and executive function. There was no correlation between SCC and neuropsychological test scores in the corresponding cognitive domains, implying poor NI. 15% of participants had a lifetime history of PEs. This group had significantly higher SCC as compared to those without PEs (U = 0.366, P = 0.009, r = 0.26). A regression analysis showed that the FDRs’ social functioning reduced by 0.178 units for each unit increase in SCC [F (1,98) = 5.198, P = 0.025].

Conclusion:

Similar to schizophrenia patients, FDRs also have poor NI. The severity and progression of SCC could be explored as a possible marker for screening and monitoring FDRs at an ultrahigh risk for psychosis. Importantly, even in unaffected FDRs, SCC could affect socio-occupational functioning and need further research.
Effectiveness of Social Skills Training Groups in Persons with Severe Mental Illness: A Pre–Post Intervention Study
Authors: Aruldass Priyadarshini , Sekar Thamarai Selvi , Saravanan Srikrithika , Samuel Reema , Jacob K. S.
Published: July 2021

Background:

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a social skills training program provided at the occupational therapy unit of a tertiary care center in India.

Methods:

The study used a pre–post interventional design where 101 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder, between 18 and 60 years, who provided written informed consent, were assessed on the Vellore Assessment of Social Performance (VASP) during the first week of attendance (baseline). Subsequently, they were enrolled in a six-session social skills group training program for two weeks. They were assessed on the VASP after one week (midterm assessment) and at the end (posttest) of the intervention. A follow-up assessment was done two weeks after cessation of the intervention. The participants were also scored on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) at four time points.

Results:

Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in the VASP scores between time points, that is, F(baseline, midterm) = −4.34 and P = 0.001; F (baseline, postgroup) = −6.92 and P = 0.001; and F (baseline, follow-up) = −8.71 and P = 0.001. The correlation between the BPRS and VASP scores was also significant at each time point.

Conclusion:

The social skills group training protocol seems to be effective and feasible for the Indian population. Since conducting multicenter clinical trials might not always be possible in resource-constrained settings, this study might be considered preliminary evidence for context-specific, peer-/family-supported social skills training.
The relationship between different types of objectification, sexual pressure, and relationship satisfaction in Chinese heterosexual dating relationships
Authors: Guo Qinglong , Wang Yang , Wu Mingxia
Published: July 2021

Although an increasing number of studies are focusing on the relationship between different kinds of objectification and relationship satisfaction, studies have rarely examined these relationships within non-Western samples. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between men’s partner objectification (PO), women’s perceived partner-objectification (PPO), and women’s self-objectification, as well as their link to women’s romantic relationship satisfaction through women’s sexual pressure among Chinese heterosexual college couples ( n = 201 pairs). This study found that women’s PPO mediated the relationship between men’s PO and women’s self-objectification, and there were two paths from men’s PO to women’s relationship satisfaction. First, men’s PO was related to lower women’s relationship satisfaction through increased women’s PPO. Second, men’s PO was associated with greater women’s PPO, which was associated with greater sexual pressure on women and subsequently correlated with women’s lower relationship satisfaction. However, self-objectification was neither significantly directly related to sexual pressure nor relationship satisfaction. These findings indicated that the relationships between the three types of objectification (men’s PO, women’s PPO, and women’s self-objectification) and sexual pressure and relationship satisfaction are different, which contributes to the understanding of the destructive effect of different objectification on relationship satisfaction in Chinese samples.
Multi-fidelity black-box optimization for time-optimal quadrotor maneuvers
Authors: Ryou Gilhyun , Tal Ezra , Karaman Sertac
Published: July 2021

We consider the problem of generating a time-optimal quadrotor trajectory for highly maneuverable vehicles, such as quadrotor aircraft. The problem is challenging because the optimal trajectory is located on the boundary of the set of dynamically feasible trajectories. This boundary is hard to model as it involves limitations of the entire system, including complex aerodynamic and electromechanical phenomena, in agile high-speed flight. In this work, we propose a multi-fidelity Bayesian optimization framework that models the feasibility constraints based on analytical approximation, numerical simulation, and real-world flight experiments. By combining evaluations at different fidelities, trajectory time is optimized while the number of costly flight experiments is kept to a minimum. The algorithm is thoroughly evaluated for the trajectory generation problem in two different scenarios: (1) connecting predetermined waypoints; (2) planning in obstacle-rich environments. For each scenario, we conduct both simulation and real-world flight experiments at speeds up to 11 m/s. Resulting trajectories were found to be significantly faster than those obtained through minimum-snap trajectory planning.
Relationship between peripapillary choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer in young people with myopia
Authors: Cui Dongmei , Hou Xincen , Li Jinlin , Qu Xiaoli , Yu Tao , Song Aiping
Published: July 2021

Aim

To study the characteristics and relationship between peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and choroidal thickness in young people with myopia.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 92 cases (52 myopia, 40 emmetropia) regarding age, sex, refractive power, axial length (AL), and intraocular pressure. Peripapillary RNFL and choroidal thicknesses were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in six sectors. Differences in thicknesses between the two groups were compared by single-factor analysis.

Results

RNFL was thickest in the inferotemporal sector (157.3 ± 19.66 µm) and thinnest in the nasal sector (58.78 ± 18.41 µm). Peripapillary choroid was thickest in the superonasal sector (176.37 ± 33.92 µm) and thinnest in the inferotemporal sector (131.79 ± 25.22 µm). The RNFL was thinner in the myopia group (99.04 ± 8.23 µm) vs the emmetropia group (103.25 ± 8.32 µm); significantly different in the superotemporal and inferonasal sectors. Peripapillary choroid thickness in the myopia group (148.65 ± 26.64 µm) was lower vs the emmetropia group (160.88 ± 29.06 µm); significantly different in the nasal, inferonasal, and inferotemporal sectors. RNFL thickness was negatively correlated with choroidal thickness in the nasal sector (r = −0.288).

Conclusion

Peripapillary RNFL and choroidal thicknesses showed regional distributions. RNFL was negatively correlated with PCT in the nasal sector, possibly related to eye axis growth and choroidal compensation.
Clinical application of laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy in patients with bilioenteric anastomotic stricture with access via the jejunal loops
Authors: Zhu Yi , Li Jinhai , Xie Minjie , Jin Jing , Lou Jianying
Published: July 2021

Objective

Bilioenteric anastomotic stricture is a serious complication following choledochojejunostomy. Some patients develop intrahepatic lithiasis and biliary tract infection without dilation of the intrahepatic bile duct. The present study was performed to investigate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy in patients with bilioenteric anastomotic stricture with access via the jejunal loops.

Methods

The data of 10 patients (7 men and 3 women; mean age, 60.8 ± 9.7 years; age range, 51–76 years) with potential bilioenteric anastomotic stricture without dilation of the intrahepatic bile duct from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

All 10 patients underwent surgery, and their clinical parameters were recorded. The mean surgery time was 181.5 ± 35.4 minutes, and the mean estimated blood loss was 32.0 ± 15.5 mL. No patients developed serious complications during the perioperative period. The short-term outcome analysis at 12 months indicated that the stenosis had been effectively dilated and that the liver function had improved.

Conclusions

The results of the present study demonstrated that laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy with access via the jejunal loops is feasible in the treatment of bilioenteric anastomotic stricture and intrahepatic lithiasis.
Ultra-High Field 7-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Electroencephalography Findings in Epilepsy
Authors: Salehi Fateme , Nadeem Ibrahim M. , Kwan Benjamin Y. M. , Mirsattari Seyed M. , Lee Donald H. , Burneo Jorge G. , Steven David , Hammond Robert , Peters Terry M. , Khan Ali R.
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

Assessment of patients for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery requires multimodality input, including EEG recordings to ensure optimal surgical planning. Often EEG demonstrates abnormal foci not detected on 1.5T MRI. Ultra-high field MRI at 7T provides improved resolution of the brain. We investigated the utility of 7T MRI to detect potential anatomical abnormalities associated with EEG changes.

Methods:

Ultra-high field data were acquired on a 7T MRI scanner for 13 patients with history of drug resistant TLE who had had EEG telemetry recordings. Qualitative evaluation of 7T imaging for presence of focal abnormalities detected on EEG was performed. Correlation of 7T MRI findings with EEG recordings of focal slowing or interictal epileptic spikes (IEDs), and seizures was performed.

Results:

Assessment of 7T MRI demonstrated concordance with TLE as determined by the multidisciplinary team in 61.5% of cases (n = 8). Among these, 3 patients exhibited supportive abnormal 7T MRI abnormalities not detected by 1.5T MRI. In patients who underwent surgery, 72.7% had concordant histopathology findings with 7T MRI findings (n = 8). However, qualitative assessment of 7T images revealed focal anatomical abnormalities to account for EEG findings in only 15.4% of patients (n = 2). Other regions that were found to have localized IEDs in addition to the lesional temporal lobe, included the contralateral temporal lobe (n = 5), frontal lobe (n = 3), and parieto-occipital lobe (n = 2).

Conclusion:

Ultra-high field 7T MRI findings show concordance with clinical data. However, 7T MRI did not reveal anatomical findings to account for abnormalities detected by EEG.
Domestic Coercive Control and Common Mental Disorders Among Women in Informal Settlements in Mumbai, India: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Kanougiya Suman , Daruwalla Nayreen , Gram Lu , Sivakami Muthusamy , Osrin David
Published: July 2021

Coercive control behaviors central to the abuse of power appear more frequent than other types of domestic violence, but little is known about its frequency, features, and consequences for women in India. We aimed to examine the prevalence of domestic coercive control and its association with physical, sexual, and emotional domestic violence in the preceding year and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and suicidal thinking. In a cross-sectional survey, we interviewed 4,906 ever-married women aged 18-49 years living in urban informal settlements in Mumbai, India. We developed a 24-item scale of coercive control, assessed physical, sexual, and emotional violence using existing questions, and screened for symptoms of depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), anxiety with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD7) questionnaire, and suicidal thinking with questions developed by the World Health Organization. Estimates involved univariable and multivariable logistic regression models and the prediction of marginal effects. The prevalence of domestic coercive control was 71%. In total, 23% of women reported domestic violence in the past 12 months (emotional 19%, physical 13%, sexual 4%). Adjusted models suggested that women exposed to controlling behavior had greater odds of surviving emotional (aOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.7, 2.7), physical (1.4; 1.0, 1.9), and sexual (1.8; 1.1, 3.0) domestic violence in the past 12 months; and higher odds of a positive screen for moderate or severe depression (1.7; 1.3, 2.2), anxiety (2.1; 1.3, 3.1), and suicidal thinking (1.7; 1.2, 2.3), and increased with each additional indicator of coercive control behavior. When women reported 24 indicators of coercive control, the adjusted predicted proportion with moderate or severe depressive symptoms was 60%, anxiety 42%, and suicidal thinking 17%. Inclusion of coercive control in programs to support domestic violence, would broaden our understanding of domestic abuse to resemble most victims experience and improve interventions.
Tribological characterization of all-polymer prosthesis based on multi-directional motion
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Dekun , Chen Kai , Xu Handong , Feng Cunao
Published: July 2021

The complex movement of artificial joints is closely related to the wear mechanism of the prosthesis material, especially for the polymer prosthesis, which is sensitive to motion paths. In this paper, the “soft-soft” all-polymer of XLPE/PEEK are selected to study the influence of motion paths on the friction and wear performance. Based on the periodic characteristics of friction coefficient and wear morphology, this paper reveals the friction and wear mechanism of XLPE/peek under multi-directional motion path, and obtains the quantitative relationship between friction coefficient and the aspect ratios of “∞”-shape motion path, which is of great significance to reveal and analyze the wear mechanism of “soft” all-polymer under multi-directional motion path. The results show that the friction coefficient is affected by the motion paths and have periodicity. Morever, under the multi-directional motion paths, the wear of PEEK are mainly abrasive wear and adhesive wear due to the cross shear effect, while the wear of XLPE is mainly abrasive wear with plastic accumulation. In addition, the friction coefficient is greatly affected the aspect ratios Rs-l of “∞”-shape and loads. Meanwhile, the wear morphologies are greatly affected by the aspect ratios Rs-l of “∞”-shape, but less affected by loads.
A Multi-Level Analysis of Role Negotiation: A Bona Fide Group Approach to Work Team Socialization
Authors: Tornes Michael J. , Kramer Michael W.
Published: July 2021

This study used a multi-level analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of work team socialization as a process that extends beyond work team and organizational boundaries. Findings, based on interviews of 27 IT employees organized into teams, reaffirmed some previous research on newcomer information seeking, but provided a more complex understanding of information seeking during socialization by identifying the importance of nexus or overlap with other internal and external groups. Nexus 1 included cross-functional meetings, as well as external workshops and conferences involving industry peers. Individual and group communication with members of internal and external groups helped employees negotiate and learn their roles as well as led to changes in their understanding of their team and organization. This multi-level analysis identified how individual, group, internal organizational communication, and extra-organizational communication all contribute to the process of socialization for team members.