bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TD 2633 - Vida: simulando violência doméstica em tempos de quarentena
Authors: Madeira Lígia Mori , Dill Alan Rafael , Furtado Bernardo Alves
Published: May 2021

A violência contra a mulher ocorre predominantemente no contexto familiar e doméstico. A pandemia de Covid-19 (Sars-COV-2) levou o Brasil a recomendar e, por vezes, impor o distanciamento social, com fechamento parcial de atividades econômicas, escolas e restrições de eventos e serviços públicos. Com isso, houve intensificação da presença das famílias na sua própria residência. Há indícios preliminares de que a convivência mais intensa gerou aumento nos casos de violência doméstica, ao mesmo tempo que pode ter coibido acesso a redes e serviços públicos e causado privação de informação e ajuda. Propomos um modelo baseado em agentes (ABM), denominado VIDA (VIolência DomésticA), no intuito de ilustrar e examinar fatores multicausais que influenciam eventos geradores de violência. A formalização dos efeitos permite testar presença ou ausência de sistemas de dissuasão e aumento da intensidade da permanência no domicílio. A parte central do modelo reflete a criação de um indicador de stress, multicausal, que funciona como probabilidade de ocorrência de ataque à mulher no ambiente familiar. Ao mesmo tempo, foi implementado um sistema de dissuasão baseado em denúncia, solicitação de proteção e acusação do agressor. VIDA foi calibrado para os números de notificações de violência coletados pelo Senado Federal para 2011. Após a análise de sensibilidade, dois testes são realizados: i) a ausência ou a presença do sistema de dissuasão; e ii) a quarentena forçada. VIDA apresenta ordens de magnitude por áreas de concentração e áreas de ponderação (APs) para esses testes. VIDA indica que a quarentena pode ter aumentado a violência contra a mulher em cerca de 10%. Os resultados das simulações com VIDA sugerem ainda que locais mais populosos apresentam comparativamente menos ataques por 100 mil mulheres do que capitais menos populosas ou áreas rurais das concentrações urbanas. As contribuições do trabalho incluem a formalização de um modelo de violência doméstica por meio de modelagem baseada em agentes, ao que parece, inexistente na literatura, que ilustra fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos, educacionais, de gênero e cor, com dados detalhados no nível intraurbano e para todas as grandes aglomerações populacionais brasileiras. Adicionalmente, todo um processo de geração de população artificial para a simulação foi criada e está disponível, assim como todo o código do modelo, com acesso livre, em repositório público, na internet.
TD 2635 - Ecossistema Ágil de Inovação no Setor Agropecuário Brasileiro
Authors: Ronsom Silvia , Filho José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira , Amaral Daniel Capaldo
Published: May 2021

A agricultura brasileira é um caso de sucesso em termos de inovação tecnológica, explicado, entre outros fatores, pela dinâmica construída entre organizações de pesquisa e atores do agronegócio, que caracterizam um ecossistema de inovação. O conceito de “agilidade” é central na competitividade e na esfera do gerenciamento de tais ecossistemas. A agilidade tem sido discutida como habilidade de adaptação para melhoria das capacidades de inovação de organizações em ambientes marcados por alta complexidade. Busca-se apresentar as definições e os conceitos de ecossistema de inovação e agilidade, bem como sua relação com os ambientes institucionais. A análise auxilia a compreensão dessa abordagem para a construção de políticas públicas e diretrizes para a gestão da inovação no setor agropecuário. Por ser elo importante no ecossistema de inovação no agronegócio, a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) será objeto de estudo. Resultados de avaliação experimental e exploratória são apresentados, demonstrando haver exemplos na busca de agilidade. Espera-se compreender melhor os desafios de repensar os processos de inovação no agronegócio brasileiro.
TD 2637 - Universidades Federais na Pandemia da Covid-19: A Falta de Acesso à Internet Interdita Mesmo o Ensino?
Authors: Castioni Remi , Melo Adriana Almeida Sales de , Nascimento Paulo Meyer , Ramos Daniela Lima
Published: May 2021

Discute-se neste texto a paralisação das atividades de ensino nas universidades federais brasileiras quando da eclosão da pandemia da Covid-19 e em que medida a falta de acesso à internet interditaria a retomada dessas atividades de forma remota. Abordam-se estratégias político-educacionais de enfrentamento à pandemia confluentes às recomendações da Organização Mundial da saúde (OMS). Analisam-se as respostas imediatas das universidades quando as atividades presenciais precisaram ser suspensas. Apresentam-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua), do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), que dimensionam o tamanho do problema de acesso à internet entre estudantes da educação superior. Dado que 98% estão conectados, urge viabilizar internet e letramento digital aos 2% sem acesso. Não transparecem, todavia, justificativas consistentes para prolongar a interrupção das atividades de ensino-aprendizagem nas universidades federais. O ensino remoto emergencial (ERE) surge como caminho imediato em meio à pandemia, mas são as metodologias de ensino híbrido que tendem a se consolidar no mundo pós-pandemia – o que, cedo ou tarde, exigirá das universidades federais brasileiras novas atitudes e estratégias. Universalizar o acesso à internet entre seus estudantes não basta, mas é condição necessária e primordial para viabilizar o ERE e o ensino híbrido nas universidades. Ao lado das considerações sobre a retomada de aulas durante e sobre o futuro das universidades federais após a pandemia da Covid-19, a grande contribuição deste texto é apresentar estimativas do tamanho do problema de falta de acesso entre estudantes de cursos superiores – problema esse, como as estimativas indicam, de tamanho insuficiente para justificar completa e prolongada interrupção das atividades de ensino-aprendizagem.
TD 2654 - Ideologia Judicial e Política Judiciária: como os magistrados de apelação responderam à reforma do sistema de medidas cautelares penais (Lei no 12.403/2011)?
Authors: Castro Alexandre Samy de
Published: May 2021

Este artigo explora a diversidade de carreiras no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo (TJSP) para abordar o papel das carreiras jurídicas na resposta das decisões judiciais à reforma do sistema de medidas cautelares penais introduzida pela Lei no 12.403 de 2011.
O diploma restringiu as prisões cautelares, exigindo fundamentação e impondo a aplicação prioritária de medidas cautelares alternativas. Sua intenção era frear as crescentes taxas de encarceramento, tema de grande saliência entre os juristas. A constituição brasileira reserva 80% dos assentos em tribunais de apelação para juízes de carreira, 10% para advogados e 10% para promotores. Na prática, porém, as vagas em painéis juntamente com atrasos aumentaram significativamente a participação de juízes substitutos de segundo grau em painéis de apelação – que atuaram como relatores em até 14% de todos os recursos criminais em São Paulo entre 2009 e 2013. Os ex-advogados e procuradores são nomeados pelo governador do estado após processos de nomeação na Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB) e no Ministério Público (MP). Tais juízes são escolhidos a critério do conselho superior do tribunal, não retêm as prerrogativas dos juízes de recurso efetivos e normalmente são contratados com o objetivo de reduzir atrasos. Seu desempenho afeta suas chances de ser promovidos ao tribunal de apelações, relativamente a juízes semelhantes que não foram designados. Com base em um grande conjunto de dados de recursos criminais relacionados a crimes de roubo no estado de São Paulo, este estudo explora a atribuição exógena de casos a relatores para identificar os impactos da reforma penal contingentes ao tipo de desembargador. Com base em um modelo de escolha discreta que contempla efeitos fixos de órgão julgador e de tempo, analisa-se a probabilidade de decisões favoráveis ao réu em recursos criminais, especialmente nas classes de recurso em sentido estrito, habeas corpus e agravos de execução penal. Busca-se aliviar o problema da seleção de casos excluindo da amostra os recursos distribuídos por prevenção ao magistrado. Os resultados indicam que, a despeito da clara intenção do legislador em reduzir as taxas de encarceramento de réus não julgados, relatores que são juízes substitutos em segundo grau ou que têm origem no MP (quinto constitucional) apresentam resposta à reforma das cautelares fortemente contrária aos interesses dos réus. Discute-se o significado dos resultados à luz de elementos relativos às preferências dos juízes (modelo atitudinal) e também a influência política sobre a justiça, em prol de política criminal vigente.
The Dynamic Formation of Pseudostreamers
Authors: Scott Roger B. , Pontin David I. , Antiochos Spiro K. , DeVore C. Richard , Wyper Peter F.
Published: May 2021

Streamers and pseudostreamers structure the corona at the largest scales, as seen in both eclipse and coronagraph white-light images. Their inverted-goblet appearance encloses broad coronal loops at the Sun and tapers to a narrow radial stalk away from the star. The streamer associated with the global solar dipole magnetic field is long-lived, predominantly contains a single arcade of nested loops within it, and separates opposite-polarity interplanetary magnetic fields with the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) anchored at its apex. Pseudostreamers, on the other hand, are transient, enclose double arcades of nested loops, and separate like-polarity fields with a dense plasma sheet. We use numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations to calculate, for the first time, the formation of pseudostreamers in response to photospheric magnetic-field evolution. Convective transport of a minority-polarity flux concentration, initially positioned under one side of a streamer, through the streamer boundary into the adjacent preexisting coronal hole forms the pseudostreamer. Interchange magnetic reconnection at the overlying coronal null point(s) governs the development of the pseudostreamer above—and of a new satellite coronal hole behind—the moving minority polarity. The reconnection dynamics liberate coronal-loop plasma that can escape into the heliosphere along so-called separatrix-web (“S-Web”) arcs, which reach far from the HCS and the solar equatorial plane, and can explain the origin of high-latitude slow solar wind. We describe the implications of our results for in situ and remote-sensing observations of the corona and heliosphere as obtained, most recently, by Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter.
Supercriticality of the Dynamo Limits the Memory of the Polar Field to One Cycle
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Karak Bidya Binay , Vashishth Vindya
Published: May 2021

The polar magnetic field precursor is considered to be the most robust and physics-based method for the prediction of the next solar cycle strength. However, to make a reliable prediction of a cycle, is the polar field at the solar minimum of the previous cycle enough or do we need the polar field of many previous cycles? To answer this question, we performed several simulations using Babcock–Leighton-type flux-transport dynamo models with a stochastically forced source for the poloidal field (α term). We show that when the dynamo is operating near the critical dynamo transition or only weakly supercritical, the polar field of cycle n determines the amplitude of the next several cycles (at least three). However, when the dynamo is substantially supercritical, this correlation of the polar field is reduced to one cycle. This change in the memory of the polar field from multiple to one cycle with the increase of the supercriticality of the dynamo is independent of the importance of various turbulent transport processes in the model. Our this conclusion contradicts the existing idea. We further show that when the dynamo operates near the critical transition, it produces frequent extended episodes of weaker activity, resembling the solar grand minima. The occurrence of grand minima is accompanied by the multicycle correlation of the polar field. The frequency of grand minima decreases with the increase of supercriticality of the dynamo.
Sublimation of Laboratory Ices Millimeter/Submillimeter Experiment (SubLIME): Structure-specific Identifications of Products from UV-photolyzed Methanol Ice
Authors: Yocum K. M. , Milam S. N. , Gerakines P. A. , Widicus Weaver S. L.
Published: May 2021

Submillimeter/far-IR spectroscopy was used to detect and quantify organic molecules sublimated after the ultraviolet photolysis (at 12 K) and warm-up (up to 300 K) of a methanol (CH3OH) ice sample. Eleven sublimated photoproducts were uniquely identified: carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (H2CO), ketene (C2H2O), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), ethylene oxide (CH2OCH2), vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH), ethanol (CH3CH2OH), dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), methyl formate (HCOOCH3), glycolaldehyde (HOCH2CHO), and acetone ((CH3)2CO). Two additional products were detected in the photolyzed ice by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy: carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The rotational temperatures and gas densities were calculated for the organics containing two or more C atoms via a rotation diagram analysis, and the gas-phase submillimeter/far-IR technique was used in tandem with mass spectrometry and FTIR spectroscopy of the ice during photolysis. The abundance ratios of the sublimated species (normalized to methanol) were compared to those observed in hot cores (Orion-KL, Sagittarius B2(N), and IRAS 16293-2422(B)) and in comets C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) and 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.
Luminous Type II Short-Plateau Supernovae 2006Y, 2006ai, and 2016egz: A Transitional Class from Stripped Massive Red Supergiants
Authors: Hiramatsu Daichi , Howell D. Andrew , Moriya Takashi J. , Goldberg Jared A. , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Arcavi Iair , Anderson Joseph P. , Gutiérrez Claudia P. , Burke Jamison , McCully Curtis , Valenti Stefano , Galbany Lluís , Fang Qiliang , Maeda Keiichi , Folatelli Gastón , Hsiao Eric Y. , Morrell Nidia I. , Phillips Mark M. , Stritzinger Maximilian D. , Suntzeff Nicholas B. , Gromadzki Mariusz , Maguire Kate , Müller-Bravo Tomás E. , Young David R.
Published: May 2021

The diversity of Type II supernovae (SNe II) is thought to be driven mainly by differences in their progenitor’s hydrogen-rich (H-rich) envelope mass, with SNe IIP having long plateaus (∼100 days) and the most massive H-rich envelopes. However, it is an ongoing mystery why SNe II with short plateaus (tens of days) are rarely seen. Here, we present optical/near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations of luminous Type II short-plateau SNe 2006Y, 2006ai, and 2016egz. Their plateaus of about 50–70 days and luminous optical peaks (≲−18.4 mag) indicate significant pre-explosion mass loss resulting in partially stripped H-rich envelopes and early circumstellar material (CSM) interaction. We compute a large grid of MESA+STELLA single-star progenitor and light-curve models with various progenitor zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) masses, mass-loss efficiencies, explosion energies, 56Ni masses, and CSM densities. Our model grid shows a continuous population of SNe IIP–IIL–IIb-like light-curve morphology in descending order of H-rich envelope mass. With large 56Ni masses (≳0.05 M
⊙), short-plateau SNe II lie in a confined parameter space as a transitional class between SNe IIL and IIb. For SNe 2006Y, 2006ai, and 2016egz, our findings suggest high-mass red supergiant (RSG) progenitors (M
ZAMS ≃ 18–22 M
⊙) with small H-rich envelope masses (

) that have experienced enhanced mass loss (

) for the last few decades before the explosion. If high-mass RSGs result in rare short-plateau SNe II, then these events might ease some of the apparent underrepresentation of higher-luminosity RSGs in observed SN II progenitor samples.
L’ Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) : entre risques sécuritaires et précautions éthiques
Authors: Le Deuff Olivier , Roumanos Rayya
Published: May 2021

L’OSINT est un territoire stimulant où la promesse d’un renouvellement des méthodes d’enquête vient croiser le besoin de décrypter la masse de données qui circulent sur le web. Son attractivité et son accessibilité obligent néanmoins à interroger les risques d’ordre sécuritaire, analytique et éthique qui le traversent, d’autant qu’il s’agit d’un champ très vaste et parfaitement ouvert à quiconque dispose d’un certain bagage informatique.
Pourquoi l’ Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) est une corde à ajouter à son arc
Authors: Courrier Serge
Published: May 2021

Les multiples potentialités de l’OSINT sont autant de compétences à acquérir progressivement par les professionnels de l’information pour gagner en légitimité. Et parmi eux, les documentalistes ne doivent pas être les derniers à franchir le pas. Voici quelques explications.
« On est considéré comme des outsiders, mais dans le bon sens du terme »
Authors: Roumanos Rayya , Willis Haley
Published: May 2021

Journaliste pour la cellule d’enquêtes visuelles du New York Times , Haley Willis a rejoint le grand quotidien américain en tant qu’enquêtrice OSINT en 2019, après une expérience marquante au Centre pour les droits de l’Homme de l’université de Berkeley. Pour cet entretien, elle décrit la place qu’occupe désormais l’OSINT au sein du NYT et revient sur l’une des enquêtes visuelles qui a fait grand bruit aux États-Unis : l’enquête sur la mort de George Floyd au printemps 2020.
L’ Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) et les enquêtes numériques : la panoplie du maître d’armes
Authors: Le Deuff Olivier
Published: May 2021

Les outils et astuces qui apparaissent et disparaissent interrogent la pratique de l’OSINT dans son rapport à la technique. Quelles méthodes utiliser pour convaincre et quels instruments employer pour mener une enquête ? Dans le contexte mouvant de l’OSINT, il s’agit de repérer les principaux éléments du « maître d’armes » de l’enquêteur numérique.
Lire Gallica à distance : pour un usage panoramique de l’archive numérisée
Authors: Langlais Pierre-Carl
Published: May 2021

À partir de son expérience personnelle, Pierre-Carl Langlais montre l’ampleur des potentialités de recherche dans l’exploitation des ressources numérisées accessibles à partir des collections de Gallica. L’extension des ressources désormais accessibles en ligne concerne également les archives et les collections des temps passés. Une opportunité que les professionnels de l’Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) ont intérêt à prendre en compte.
Les nouvelles régions en France
Authors: Doré Gwénaël
Published: May 2021

Après soixante années d’une délimitation largement fondée sur la géographie historique, la fusion de régions françaises, se traduisant par la suppression de neuf d’entre elles en France métropolitaine, était présentée comme porteuse d’économies budgétaires, de simplicité et d’attractivité. Depuis 2016, ce triple objectif a-t-il été validé ? Des économies ont-elles été constatées ? La simplicité s’est-elle concrétisée ? L’attractivité des régions fusionnées s’est-elle améliorée ?
E-pétition et dynamiques de mobilisation : une interaction à géométrie variable. Une étude de cas liés à l’environnement
Authors: Legris Martine , Matuszewicz Régis
Published: May 2021

Notre objet porte sur les sept pétitions les plus importantes en nombre de signatures (plus de 4 000 signatures) issues des 1 034 pétitions en ligne relatives à l’environnement visibles sur le site lapetition.be (deuxième site d’e-pétitions belge francophone). L’accès à cette base de données nous offre la possibilité de nous attacher à la réalité des comportements des signataires plutôt qu’à leurs déclarations. Alors que théoriquement n’importe qui pourrait signer n’importe quelle pétition, nos recherches tendent à montrer que ce sont d’abord les personnes partageant un même territoire qui vont ajouter leurs signatures. Nous tentons de résoudre cette énigme de la localisation des signatures, en soulignant l’articulation entre les facteurs de territorialisation, fondés sur les réseaux locaux, et les facteurs favorisant une diffusion des signatures au-delà du cercle pétitionnaire géographiquement proche (effet plateforme, réseaux sociaux, médiatisation nationale). Notre étude montre l’imbrication de l’ancrage local et des processus de diffusion de signataires locaux vers des signataires géographiquement plus éloignés. Les dynamiques pétitionnaires procèdent soit en partant d’un ancrage local préexistant sur le terrain, soit par une forme d’attractivité des pétitions qui passe par un effet plateforme.
Quand les e-pétitions influencent-elles la décision politique ? Une analyse du système de pétitions électroniques de la Chambre des députés du Luxembourg
Authors: Kies Raphaël , Seidenthal Sven
Published: May 2021

Dans cet article, nous présentons l’une des premières analyses à étudier de manière systématique les facteurs expliquant le degré d’appropriation par un gouvernement des demandes exprimées dans les e-pétitions qui lui sont soumises. Cette analyse se base sur l’ensemble des e-pétitions ayant obtenu les 4 500 signatures requises pour donner lieu à un débat public à la Chambre des députés du Luxembourg. Les hypothèses testées pour expliquer les variations dans le niveau d’appropriation des e-pétitions par le gouvernement ont été : 1) la compatibilité avec l’agenda du gouvernement, 2) la compétence du gouvernement pour traiter les e-pétitions en question, 3) la nature consensuelle (ou non) de l’e-pétition, 4) le nombre de signatures en sa faveur, 5) sa visibilité médiatique, et 6) le statut de son initiateur. Conformément à nos attentes, nous avons observé que les probabilités qu’une e-pétition soit prise en considération par le gouvernement sont liées à essentiellement trois facteurs : 1) la compatibilité avec l’agenda du gouvernement, 2) la compétence du gouvernement et 3) l’accord du gouvernement avec les revendications des pétitionnaires. Les autres facteurs, tels que le soutien populaire ou médiatique de l’e-pétition, sa thématique ou bien les coûts de sa réalisation, apparaissent peu significatifs.
Multi-mycotoxin profiling in maize reveals prevalence ofFusarium mycotoxins in South and West Ethiopia
Authors: Mesfin A. , Tesfamariam K. , Belachew T. , De Saeger S. , Lachat C. , De Boevre M.
Published: May 2021

Multi-mycotoxin exposure data are missing to guide risk assessment and legislation in Ethiopia. This study therefore aimed to determine mycotoxin contamination levels in maize samples from 176 randomly selected household storages in three agro ecological zones of South (Sidama zone) and West (Jimma zone) Ethiopia, and to examine the post-harvest practices and household processing. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify 23 mycotoxins. The majority of the households regularly consumed maize (more than once per day). More (77%) samples in Sidama were contaminated withFusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol than in Jimma (29%) (P<0.001); Similar distributions of fumonisin B1 (19%), fumonisin B2 (19%) and fumonisin B3 (12%, Sidama vs 13%, Jimma) contamination were observed (P>0.05). In Sidama, only one sample was contaminated with theAspergillus mycotoxin aflatoxin B2 and another sample with aflatoxin B1. From all samples, 40% were contaminated with 3-5 types ofFusarium mycotoxins and only 4% of the samples were contaminated with 6-8 types of mycotoxins. After the harvested maize was dried on the field, the majority of respondents in Jimma reported that they removed the maize within one day, which was less practiced in Sidama. The majority of households in Sidama, and some in Jimma, reported that they dried maize before storage, mainly using the sun. Close to two third of the study participants in the two zones reported that they applied the chemical dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) during maize storage. All households in both zones reported that they sorted visible mouldy maize grains before preparation of maize flour while most of them kept the mouldy maize for animal feed. Protective strategies ofFusarium mycotoxin contamination, with special focus on deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, should be well promoted in the study areas as they are possible human and animal health threats.
Exploratory real-time kinetic analysis of the cytotoxicity induced by maize silage mycotoxins in a calf intestinal epithelial cell line
Authors: Debevere S. , Demeyere K. , Reisinger N. , Faas J. , Haesaert G. , Fievez V. , Croubels S. , Meyer E.
Published: May 2021

In a temperate climate, the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), enniatin B (ENN B), mycophenolic acid (MPA), roquefortine C (ROC) and zearalenone (ZEN) are often found in maize silage. Although rumen microbiota are able to degrade some mycotoxins (e.g. DON), others are known to stay mainly intact (e.g. ROC). In addition, mycotoxin degradation can be hampered by a low ruminal pH or decrease in rumen microbial activity. Hence, these mycotoxins can reach the small intestine and exert a cytotoxic effect on intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, a real-time kinetic analysis of the cytotoxicity of these six mycotoxins and some of their metabolites (α- and β-zearalenol, α- and β-ZOL) was performed in a calf small intestinal epithelial cell line (CIEB). Confluency as well as the cell death parameters apoptosis and necrosis were determined to evaluate the mycotoxin-induced cytotoxicity. A combination of Annexin-V green and Cytotox red staining was used to determine early and late apoptosis as well as necrosis. Six different concentrations were tested ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 μM. Compared to cells not exposed to mycotoxins, DON and NIV exert a fast toxic effect with DON being more toxic than NIV within the first hours of incubation, whereas the inverse was observed at 16 h of incubation. On the other hand, MPA and ZEN induced increased Annexin V green positive cells within several hours of incubation with higher toxicity over time. Increased Annexin V green and Cytotox red positive cells were seen for ROC only at the highest concentration tested. For ENN B, increased Annexin V green positive cells were observed only after 12 h and α- and β-ZOL did not show cytotoxic effects. Hence, mycotoxin exposure causes either severe (DON and NIV) or more limited (ZEN, ROC, MPA, and ENN B) risk of bovine intestinal epithelial damage.
E-Learning Based on Cloud Computing
Authors: Wu Wei , Plakhtii Anastasiia
Published: May 2021

Modern technological paradigms of learning give educators an ability to support the development of highly professional human resources. For this reason, teachers of higher educational institutions find advanced technologies more and more useful. Rapid introduction of cloud computing into pedagogical practice creates a professional need to study the technological capabilities of cloud-based learning services to select the best educational solutions among available variants. In view of this, the current article provides a theoretical overview of e-learning cloud architecture layers and models of its deployment in the education system. In order to test the adaptability of learning management systems (LMSs) to a collaborative distance learning model, research among educators of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Russia), Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture (Ukraine) and Wuxi Institute of Technology (China) was carried out using the Blackboard Learn LMS as a case study. This study involved 100 individuals who tested the Blackboard Learn teaching capabilities. The conducted investigation allowed outlining the main advantages of the use of computer-based e-learning applications in the process of organizing and supporting the educational process. Among them are convenient means of processing educational content, effective educational process organization, effective tools for knowledge monitoring, and effective security and confidentiality system. The present work also shed light on the benefits of introducing cloud-based e-learning in higher educational institutions, as producers of an integrated educational product. The study confirmed that the introduction of cloud computing in education results in the advancement of the training content and can considerably improve students’ academic results due to updated learning technologies, concepts, and tools.
Development of Professional Skills in the Context of Higher School Dual Education
Authors: Tastanbekova Nursaule , Abenova Bahyt , Yessekeshova Maral , Sagalieva Zhanar , Abildina Gulmira
Published: May 2021

The article considers aspects of the dual education system which are implemented in advanced higher education institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The ranking of the best universities for the implementation of the dual education sys-tem is analyzed within the framework of previous studies on the matter. It is not-ed that in the system of dual education a significant role is given to the formation of the personality of the specialist. It is emphasized that dual education is aimed at raising awareness of students' educational and professional activities. The main competences of the student at different levels (practical training, content and structure of educational programs, level of mutual trust, level of adaptation to the work process, level of learning motivation, level of precision in understanding the profession, level of standardized training) are described. The importance of prac-tical orientation of the education system based on acquired competences (solving real production problems, reforming research work, participation in scientific and practical conferences) is emphasized. Recommendations on the process of intro-ducing dual education are provided and models are offered for classification of professional development resources, components of conceptual model, principles of formation of the structure and content of the educational programs, indicators of professional skills, and indicators of professional skills development.
Learner-Centric Technologies to Support Active Learning Activity Design in New Education Normal: Exploring the Disadvantageous Educational Contexts
Authors: Hasnine Mohammad Nehal , Ahmed Mahmoud Mohamed Hussien , Ueda Hiroshi
Published: May 2021

Active learning is a learner-centric instructional method that uses discussion, role play, collaborative problem-solving based approaches to engage students with the course materials. However, due to the pandemic, active learning activities take place over multiple learner-centric technologies, as classroom-centered activity design is no longer possible. This study explored the success stories of active learning in disadvantageous educational contexts, particularly in Arab regions. After examining the theory, models, various learner-centric technologies of pre-pandemic active learning de-signs, this study proposes 25 emerging technologies to support active learn-ing 19 active learning strategies in terms of activity design in new education normal. The three-fold findings are related to designing active learning activities in new education normal, enhancing less practiced active learning strategies, and bridging the gaps in pre-and post-pandemic active learning activity design using learner-centric technologies.
The Impact of CATs on Mathematical Thinking and Logical Thinking Among Fourth-Class Scientific Students
Authors: Fouad Jawad Lina , Hassan Majeed Ban , ALRikabi Haider TH. Salim
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research is to find out the effect of applying classroom assessment techniques (CATs) on both mathematical and logical thinking among fourth-grade scientific students. In pursuit of the research objectives, the experimental method was used, and the quasi-experimental design was used for two equivalent groups, one control group taught in the traditional way and the other experimental taught according to the techniques of classroom structural evaluation. The research sample consisted of (44) students from the fourth scientific grade who were intentionally chosen after ensuring their equivalence in several factors, most notably chronologi-cal age and the level of mathematics, and they were distributed equally among the two groups. To implement the research, three tools were built, represented in the teacher's handbook for applying the class formative assessment, the mathematical reasoning test, and the logical thinking test. The two researchers applied the exper-iment in the first semester of the academic year (2019/2020) AD. The two re-searchers applied the techniques of class formative assessment to the experimental group, while the control group studied according to the usual method, and then the mathematical thinking test and the dimensional logical thinking test were applied. On the experimental and control groups. The results showed that there were statis-tically significant differences between the mean scores of the two groups on the mathematical thinking test, and there were also statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the two groups on the logical reasoning test. The size of the effect of applying the class formative assessment on both thinking was calcu-lated, and it appeared that it had a clear effect on both mathematical thinking and logical thinking. In light of the results, the two researchers recommended a number of recommendations.
The Incentive Mechanism of the Subject Librarians with Computer Information Retrieval Under Competition
Authors: Wang Chunping , Song Lili
Published: May 2021

Based on the H-M model, the optimal incentive model under competition was constructed, the best incentive system was constructed by solving the model, and its incentive characteristics are analyzed. Based on the theory of econometrics, an empirical model of incentive system was constructed, and the correlation and significance between the main core variables and incentive intensity are empirically tested. The results show that competition has a significant effect and positive effect on incentive level. Incentive level has a non-linear correlation with service cost and risk preference, within a certain range, the best incentive level is negatively related to them.
Performing Usability Evaluation on Multi-Platform Based Application for Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Satisfaction Enhancement
Authors: Nik Ahmad Nik Azlina , Hamid Nur Iman Mardhiah , Mohd Lokman Anitawati
Published: May 2021

Usability evaluation is an essential activity to contribute to a higher standard of user experience. This study conducted a usability evaluation on multi-platform application according to usability attributes as defined in ISO 9241-11 standard which are efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction. The evaluation was conducted on both platforms; web and mobile application and involved 50 participants. The results discovered some points to usability issues. Therefore, to further enhance the users’ satisfaction, efficiency, and effectiveness, a set of improvement recommendations were proposed. Insights from this study provides a standard basis on the usability evaluation procedure which can serve as a guide for the usability evaluation of multi-platform applications.
Modified Multipath Routing Protocol Applied On Ns3 Dcell Network Simulation System
Authors: Aldeen Khairi Teaba Wala , Al-zubidi Azhar F. , Ahmed Ehsan Qahtan
Published: May 2021

—In the communication networks, guidance has become an important factor, with a significant impact on network performance, where the network orientation area has been and continues to be an ongoing development, intensive research for many years aimed at optimizing the network. This paper performs three modifications for a multipath routing protocol to solve the problem of routing in a DCell network simulation and apply online solutions on the network, the goal is to improve the transition efficiency of data. The modifications used to avoid data transmission failures which are delay problem, link failure problem, and power off (rack problem). The implementation of multipath routing protocol on the DCell network in actual simulation using the NS-3 program, which represents the rule that the DCell network was built and simulated. Finally, the modifications succeeded and return good results decreasing the delay time and solving the data transaction problems.
Digital Technology Advancements in Knowledge Management in Domestic Tour Products in the Russian Federation
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan , Voronin Viacheslav
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses the capabilities with problem-oriented digital twin avatars, supply chain, volumetric hybrid, and federated-consistent blockchain use to the nature of knowledge. The goal of this chapter is a theoretical study and practical implementation in the form of basic models and software modules and artificial intelligence algorithms in managing the life cycle of an internal Russian tour product. A laboratory for digitization and management, using multi-agent models of intelligent digital twins-avatars, is created. The purpose of these studies is to solve a scientific problem.
The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Authors: Tahiru Fati , Agbesi Samuel
Published: May 2021

The key accelerating factor in the increased growth of AI is the availability of historic datasets, and this has influenced the adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning in education. This is possible because data can be accessed through the use of various learning management systems (LMS) and the increased use of the internet. Over the years, research on the use of AI and ML in education has improved appreciably, and studies have also indicated its success. Machine learning algorithms have successfully been implemented in institutions for predicting students' performance, recommending courses, counseling students, among others. This chapter discussed the use of AI and ML-assisted systems in education, the importance of AI in education, and the future of AI in education to provide information to educators on the AI transformation in education.
Investigation of the Staging of Damage Accumulation in Polymer Composite Materials during Bending and Tensile Tests
Authors: Bryansky A.A. , Bashkov O.V. , Malysheva Daria P. , Solovev Denis B.
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the results of the study of registered acoustic emission (AE) parameters during static deformation and damaging of polymer composite materials (PCM). Mechanical tests were done by a static tension and a static three-point bend, accompanied by an acoustic emission method. The assessment of the loading rate effect on defects formation processes was done by additional static tension test at rate equal half of recommended by the standard and static three-point bend test at rate ten times lower than that calculated by the standard. Clustering by frequency components of the recorded AE signals with a self-organizing Kohonen map was performed. The characteristics of the types of PCM structure damage by the centroids of the obtained clusters are given. Based on the clusters accumulation during mechanical tests, the stages of damage formation for static tension and static three-point bend, the loading rate effect on the process of damage formation are described.
Nanomodified Epoxy Materials with Improved Operating Characteristics
Authors: Zavrazhin D.O. , Lutovinova T.A. , Zavrazhina Ch.V.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the work is to develop new polymer composite nanomodified materials for the restoration of hull parts of agricultural machinery.As a result of research, a comparative analysis of the properties of composites based on epoxy resin ED-20 with the addition of 0.1-1.5 mass parts of carbon nanotubes “Taunit-M” obtained by free casting and direct pressing was carried out. The effectiveness of the developed compositions is proved when using them as binders in the production of fiber-reinforced composites.It was found that the introduction of 0.5 to 1 mass. parts CNT "Taunit" allows you to increase the strength characteristics of the resin ED-20 1.5-4 times with uniaxial tension, 2-2.5 times with three-point bending and reduce weight wear by 5-10 times.
Structure and Properties of Additive Hard Magnetic Alloys 25Cr15Co and Alnico
Authors: Zhukov A.S. , Klimov V.N. , Skvortsova A.N.
Published: May 2021

It was studied the structure of hard magnetic alloys Fe-Cr-Co and Al-Ni-Cu-Co-Fe manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) from spherical powders smaller than 80 microns on the RussianSLM FACTORY unit. Powders were manufactured by melt atomization. At various scanning speeds and laser powers, samples were made to study the structure, magnetic and mechanical parameters. By constructing a hysteresis loop, data were obtained indicating an increase in the magnetic characteristics in SLM samples in comparison with similar ones obtained by foundry technology.
Investigation of the Effect of Implantation of Aluminum Alloys by Gas and Metal Ions on the Structure and Phase Composition of the Implanted Layer
Authors: Ovchinnikov Viktor V. , Kurbatova Irina A. , Luk'yanenko Elena Vladimirovna
Published: May 2021

The article presents studies of the structure and phase composition of aluminum alloys after ion implantation. It is shown that the effect of accelerated ions (Cu + Pb) (E = 30 keV, j = 100 μA / cm2) on an alloy without a cladding layer already at a dose of 1016cm- 2leads to the formation of a developed subgrain structure in the initially deformed alloy. With an increase in the ion current density and radiation dose, the cellular structure of the implanted aluminum alloys becomes more regular - well-formed cells are observed practically throughout the entire volume of the sample under study. The average width of the dislocation-free regions reaches 2.5 μm with the width of the boundaries not exceeding 0.6 μm.
Research of Properties of Austenitic Steels
Authors: Peregudov A.A. , Vologzhanina S.A. , Igolkin A.F.
Published: May 2021

Active development of the territories of Siberia and the Far East requires the use of materials that are able to work under the combined influence of low temperatures and a complex state. When operating equipment parts at low temperatures, it is necessary to take into account the impact of static and dynamic loads, as well as the influence of an external aggressive environment. The paper studies corrosion-resistant cold-resistant metastable austenitic steels, which are widely used for manufacturing parts of low-temperature equipment. Tests were performed to assess the strength and ductility characteristics of smooth samples and samples with annular notches for static stretching in the temperature range from 293 to 77 K.
Amorphous Alloys Atomic Structure Investigation by Means of Electron Microscopy and Diffraction
Authors: Pustovalov Evgenii V. , Fedorets Aleksandr N. , Tkachev Vladimir V.
Published: May 2021

In the paper, the atomic structure of amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys of the electrolytically obtained CoP, NiP, CoNiP, CoW, and CoNiW systems has been studied. The structure was investigated by electron microscopy and diffraction using a Libra 200 HR FE transmission electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV within a temperature range of 50-35 °C. The obtained radial atom distribution function and the coordination sphere radii are in good agreement with the data for the cobalt structure in the cubic and hexagonal modifications. The high coordination numbers of the third and fourth coordination spheres allow suggesting a predominantly cubic structure of the local atom environment in CoP samples but somewhat lower, which is explained by the presence of free volume and phosphorus atoms distorting the local structure. When heating, the near atomic order also corresponds to the cubic phase of cobalt, and the ordering occurs in the second, third, and fourth coordination spheres. The data obtained for CoNiP alloys indicate that by configuration, the local atomic environment is closer to the hexagonal structure of nickel. In general, the structure of the CoP-CoNiP system alloy films obtained by electrolytic deposition is already in one of the local minima of the total system energy, which is confirmed by the near atomic order similar to the cubic phase of cobalt or hexagonal phase of nickel. This determines the good stability of the structure and properties during thermal exposure.
Chemical Processes in PEO Coatings Formation and Destruction on Titanium Alloy VT-1
Authors: Chizhevskaya M.V. , Mironova V.A. , Girn A.V. , Khodenkova E.V.
Published: May 2021

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method allows obtaining multifunctional ceramic-like coatings with unique properties. This article examines the relevant problem of the electrolyte effect on the chemical composition of PEO coating. The corrosion resistance of titanium alloy various PEO coatings in corrosive liquids has been studied: 1N sodium hydroxide solution, concentrated sulphuric acid (80%), 1N sulphuric acid solution, concentrated hydrochloric acid (30%), 1N hydrochloric acid solution. Comparative analysis of the VT-1 titanium alloy chemical resistance showed that the most resistant to the effects of corrosive substances were samples with PEO coating formed in a hydrophosphate electrolyte Na2HPO4.
Metallographic and Eddy Current Study of Boride Strengthening Coatings
Authors: Malikov Vladimir N. , Ishkov Alexey V.
Published: May 2021

This research aims to study boron-based coatings on the surface of steel parts. The significance of this topic is determined by practical considerations of the need to improve strength of the steel surface subjected to high loads. In the course of study, samples of strengthening coatings made of 65G steel obtained by HFEC heating method were created. Then, the samples were subjected to a series of studies using a metallographic microscope, as well as a measuring system based on eddy current effects. The obtained data analysis allows us to conclude about the pattern of electrical conductivity distribution on the surface of test materials with different coatings depending on the quantitative composition of flux when creating boron-based strengthening coatings.
Studies of the Influence of Graphite on the Physical Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyurethane Foams for Construction Applications
Authors: Shafigullin L.N. , Romanova N.V. , Shafigullina G.R.
Published: May 2021

The paper shows the applicability of expandable graphite METOPAC EG 350-50 (80) in a rigid PU foam system as a substance that reduces the flammability (flame retardant) and improves the usability. The studies of the physical mechanical and thermal properties of PU foam with a higher graphite content revealed a higher normal sound absorption coefficient; insignificant influence on the thermal conductivity; a higher decomposition onset temperature; more difficult ignition. PU foam sample with a ratio of 15 graphite weight fractions to 100 polyol weight fractions has the highest physical mechanical and thermal properties, and, as compared to the starting PU foam, it features an increase in normal sound absorption coefficient by an average of 3 times; a decrease in the thermal conductivity by 8 %; an increase in the decomposition onset temperature by 6.7 °С. Therefore, the modification of PU foam with expandable graphite makes it possible not only to develop hardly combustible polyurethanes but also to improve its physical mechanical and thermal properties.