bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOINDICATION AS AN ECOLOGICAL MONITORING METHOD IN REZEKNE CITY
Authors: Reinikova Larisa , Tretjakova Rasma
Published: May 2022

The article discusses methods of air bioindecation using lichens and the condition of needles in conifers. Monitoring methods and air quality are described. Methods of methods for analyzing air by studying lichen on trees are described, three methods are considered and used in studies, and the method for assessing air quality by the state of needles of coniferous trees is also used in studies. As a result of the study, the air quality in the city of Rezekne was assessed. According to the results of the study, the air quality in most of the city of Rezenke is low pollution.
Psychoneurologic lesions in patients with the brain contusion complicated by the subarachnoidal apoplexy and certain ways of their correction
Authors: Babichenko E. I. , Gvozdev Y. B.
Published: May 2022

TBe development pattern for tBe aracBnoidal syndrome and mental patBology without productive state was monitored on plentiful and homogeneous clinical material. TBe degree of tBe clinical expression of tBose patBologies correlated witB tBe seriousness of traumas tBat Bad been borne, the intensity of hemorrage and the duration of rehabilitation after it is shown. Direct dependence was established between the expression of the arachnoidal syndrome and the concentrations of biologically active compounds in liquor due to erythrocyte degradation. A system of treatment was elaborated and verified which included taking away small portions of blood-containing liquor, endolumbar introduction of lydaze, and oxygen insufflation into subarachnoidal space: Good direct and remote results of the treatment were obtained.
Decision of the I International Symposium on Rehabilitation of Neurological and Mental Patients
Authors: Gusev E. I. , Burd G. S.
Published: May 2022

Diseases of the nervous system and mental illnesses that affect millions of people in Russia often lead to severe functional defects, severe social and mental maladaptation, and drastically reduce the quality of life of patients. The use of rehabilitation measures allows the vast majority of neurological patients to restore the skills of self-care and independent movement and return a significant part of neurological and mental patients to work. This makes the rehabilitation of neurological and mentally ill patients one of the most important medical and social problems. However, we have to state that in Russia there is no unified rehabilitation system that would make it possible to cover all patients and disabled people who need it with rehabilitation treatment.
Identidad y protección en derecho ambiental de los indígenas Mokaná en Malambo, Atlántico
Authors: Martinez Durango Lina Marcela , D’Amato Castillo Guissepe
Published: May 2022

Este artículo estudia a la comunidad indígena Mokaná en la protección del medioambiente y de su entorno social en el departamento del Atlántico; lo que permite entender el papel de las comunidades indígenas como defensoras de la vida. Tiene como objetivo evaluar la evolución jurisprudencial y legal del derecho en la protección del medio ambiente; y como una comunidad indígena encontró en la contaminación y la destrucción una problemática para la conservación de sus espacios y territorios sagrados. El diseño metodológico hace una revisión conceptual, histórica y jurídica sobre la protección de los derechos de una comunidad indígena en la región Caribe colombiana. Dentro de los resultados parciales se encuentra como la contaminación de los suelos y canales de agua deterioran la calidad de vida, y afectan de forma directa la subsistencia de las minorías étnicas, como los Mokaná, que ven en actividades como la pesca y la agricultura unas formas de subsistencia. Otro aporte se encuentra en la identificación de los mecanismos de participación administrativa que controlan la contaminación ambiental en ese municipio, buscando conocer la efectividad de los mecanismos y el impacto la forma de vida Mokaná.
Going Beyond Normal Challenges for Health and Healthcare in Latin America and the Caribbean Exposed by Covid-19
Authors: Savedoff William D. , Bernal Pedro , Distrutti Marcela , Goyeneche Laura , Bernal Carolina
Published: May 2022

This technical note describes how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected Latin America and the Caribbean, and analyzes the implications for the health of the population, health spending, and reforms and investments in health services, in order to to understand how we should prepare for future health emergencies. This note summarizes the few empirical studies and analyzes administrative data from hospitals and civil registration systems in four countries. The results show substantial declines in health and health care provision during the first year of the pandemic, particularly in preventive and elective care. Furthermore, while some countries in 2021 returned to pre-pandemic care levels, others still remain below average. This study concludes with lessons learned on how the pandemic has altered health policy recommendations for the region, generating a greater sense of urgency to move forward with permanent long-term agendas such as eliminating fragmentation, integrating care, and seeking digital transformation while Priorities are reordered towards investments in emergency preparedness, health surveillance, resilience, and self-sufficiency. In other words, go beyond the normal.
Implementation of Visual Clustering Strategy in Self-Organizing Map for Wear Studies Samples Printed Using FDM
Authors: Pugazhendhi Latchoumi Thamarai , Kothandaraman Raja , Karnan Balamurugan
Published: May 2022

In general, visual clusters are preferred over large data sets; this is an attempt to take advantage of cluster techniques to reduce the mathematical complexity of small data sets. To identify the possibility of implementing the clustering technique in a small dataset, the wear observations of PLA/Cu composite samples printed using the Fused Deposition Model (FDM) is taken into consideration. In this study, the Self Organizing Map (SOM) tool as a non-supervised Neural Network (NN) is used to visualize the data. Here, SOM combinations with vector quantification and projection are used to identify or rank the wear machinability parameters on the new composite filament printed under different FDM conditions. The competitive layer in SOM will classify the given parameters of the wear machine (vectors) at any number of dimensions may be into several groups of layer neurons. The limitation of SOM is map size which cannot exceed 1000 units of training. However, for the small data set under consideration, the extent of these limits will not affect performance. The SOM algorithm developed for the study of wear provides the outlet within the acceptable range. In addition, the linear regression analysis is carried out for the output response to measure the wear characteristics of the machining observation.
Exponentially-Weighted Based Dynamic Pilot Power Allocation in Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Pakyürek Muhammet , Dikmen Osman , Kulaç Selman
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we propose a distinctive pilot power allocation algorithm to maximize the sum rate in a multi-cell multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. The algorithm optimizes pilot powers by polarizing the corresponding SINR values. In order to polarize SINRs, the difference between average SINR per cell and individual SINR is calculated for each user of the whole cells. The exponential form of the difference is used in the calculations of the weights for power allocation. New power values are obtained in proportion to these weights. Therefore, the power budget is utilized more efficiently thanks to these optimized power values. The efficiency of the algorithm is measured using the cumulative average SINR of the simulation system. Furthermore, equal pilot power allocation (EPPA) and water-filling pilot power allocation (WF-PPA) schemes are also implemented to compare the performances under the same simulation environments. A vast number of simulations results prove that our proposed heuristic approach is more efficient than EPPA and WF-PPA methods.
Face Mask Detection Using Lightweight Deep Learning Architecture and Raspberry Pi Hardware: An Approach to Reduce Risk of Coronavirus Spread While Entrance to Indoor Spaces
Authors: Özyurt Fatih , Mira Ahmet , Çoban Ayşe
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world at full speed, threatening public health. In response, the World Health Organization recommends various preventive measures to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Wearing a mask is one of the preventive measures to reduce the contagion of the disease, and many governments around the world advise people to wear masks. One of the prominent symptoms of coronavirus is high fever. A person with a fever above normal is likely to have contracted the corona virus. This requires the identification of people with a high fever in order to prevent the epidemic in the public arena. This situation has caused people who want to enter public places to need masks and officers who control their body temperature. The aim of this study is to detect people who do not wear masks or do not wear them properly, and also to detect people with high fever through a system. The proposed system is designed as a system that can be integrated into automatic door systems. The system was basically implemented by running Mobile Net, one of the deep learning models, on the Raspberry Pi card. In the proposed method, 97.0% accuracy was obtained. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively recognize face masks and whether people have a high fever. This work is necessary for many closed areas that will make masks and fever control in public areas.
Image Segmentation with Priority Based Apposite Feature Extraction Model for Detection of Multiple Sclerosis in MR Images Using Deep Learning Technique
Authors: Rode Kalpana Narayan , Siddamallaiah Rajashekar Jangam
Published: May 2022

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative neurological disease caused by damage to the central nervous system's axons and myelin sheaths. MS lesions alter shape, position, and size over time in patients, therefore radiologists must be vigilant in detecting and evaluating MS lesions appropriately. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gotten a lot of attention from doctors for diagnosing MS, but there are other ways as well. The information provided by MRI modalities to doctors about the brain's anatomy and function is critical for making an MS diagnosis quickly. For automatic extraction of MS lesions from three-dimensional (3D) MR images, this work introduces a new feature selection approach. The approach described here can be used to treat a variety of MS lesions. MS MRI diagnosis takes a long time, is difficult, and is prone to human mistake. The design of a Computer-Aided Diagnosis System (CADS) based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) to diagnose MS incorporates standard machine learning and deep learning approaches. Traditional machine learning uses trial and error to extract, select, and classify features. Deep learning, on the other hand, uses deep layers with values that are automatically learned. In this research work, a Priority based Apposite Feature Extraction Model with Image Segmentation (PAFEM-IS) is proposed for segmentation and feature extraction. With proposed method, a large number of image attributes can be learned with little effort and bias on the part of the user. Apart from that, by using unlabelled data for feature learning, the classifier training can benefit from the significantly larger amount of generally available unlabelled data. The proposed model is compared with the traditional models and the proposed model exhibits better performance levels.
Patrimônio e plano de manejo: reflexões a partir do Monumento Natural dos Morros do Pão de Açúcar e da Urca
Authors: Pena Roberta Campelo , Vilani Rodrigo Machado , Simões Bruno Francisco Teixeira
Published: May 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar as etapas de monitoramento e avaliação do Plano de Manejo do Monumento Natural dos Morros do Pão de Açúcar e da Urca. Realizado em 2018, o monitoramento e avaliação deste documento identificou a falta de recursos humanos, financeiros e de apoio institucional como responsáveis por 41% das atividades não implementadas e apontou programas mais desenvolvidos, ações prioritárias, e necessidades orçamentárias para contribuir com a revisão do Plano de Manejo. A opção metodológica foi por uma pesquisa exploratória, dividida em levantamento bibliográfico, análise de documentos e entrevistas. Além dos resultados quantitativos, são tecidas considerações quanto aos desafios institucionais para a gestão do patrimônio natural e cultural e o aprimoramento do Plano de Manejo.
The Effect of the Growth in Length of Metro on the Economic Growth in Major Big Cities in China
Authors: Ming Yang
Published: May 2022

Urban rail transit is a widely applied mean of transportation in many cities around the world. In China, numerous cities are constructing their metro lines to improve the capability of its transportation and infrastructure. But because the investment needed in such project is colossal, the State Council in Beijing once criticized this type of investment for being wasteful and detaching from the actual demand of economic growth. Consequently, doubts on economic effects brought by metro system are also posed relentlessly. This research will try to look into the relation between the growing length of metro system and the economic growth in metropolis, finding out whether it is positive or negative and by what margin. And give out suggestions to city planners and policymakers on whether further construction of metro in mentioned cities should be carried out or approved. An econometric model that is based on the traditional Cobb-Douglas model and statistical methods including linear regression will be applied.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Phishing Websites Detection: The Current Gaps and Next Directions
Authors: Adane Kibreab , Beyene Berhanu
Published: May 2022

There are many phishing websites detection techniques in literature, namely white-listing, black-listing, visual-similarity, heuristic-based, and others. However, detecting zero-hour or newly designed phishing website attacks is an inherent property of machine learning and deep learning techniques. By considering a promising solution of machine learning and deep learning techniques, researchers have made a great deal of effort to tackle the this problem, which persists due to attackers constantly devising novel strategies to exploit vulnerability or gaps in existing anti-phishing measures. In this study, an extensive effort has been made to rigorously review recent studies focusing on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Phishing Websites Detection to excavate the root cause of the aforementioned problems and offer suitable solutions. The study followed the significant criterion to search, download, and screen relevant studies, then to evaluate criterion-based selected studies. The findings show that significant research gaps are available in the rigorously reviewed studies. These gaps are mainly related to imbalanced dataset usage, improper selection of dataset source(s), the unjustified reason for using specific train-test dataset split ratio, scientific disputes on website features inclusion and exclusion, lack of universal consensus on phishing website lifespans and on what is defining a small dataset size, and run-time analysis issues. The study clearly presented a summary of the comparative analysis performed on each reviewed research work so that future researchers could use it as a structured guideline to develop a novel solution for anti-phishing website attacks.
Diversity, Geographical Habitat Usage and Distribution Assessment of Flies (Insecta: Diptera) in Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Moinudheen N , Samson Arockianathan
Published: May 2022

In the study of diptera diversity and distribuiton conducted in 2020-2021 we found insect species in 23 families out of 64 common individual species. Site-A Hidden Valley is considered to be the place with the highest number of individual (861nos). In this study we found that most pollination in the Nilgiris in the diptera order is done on small flowering plants. Fruit fly insect are never harmful to the fruits of the Nilgiris eg- Rhagoletis sp. Stomoxys sp, Musca sp species of insect found mostly in cattle and gaur in the Nilgiris The study was conducted in four different forest areas in the Nilgiris and in the lake area, Ooty Lake is the most associated area for humans and flies. This study is not only about this period but also about the future studies of these insects mostly because they are important for all types of ecological environment.
Clinico-microbiological Profile of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Keratitis
Authors: Dhiman Richa , Lakshmipathy Meena , Lakshmipathy Dhanurekha , Lily Therese K.
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To assess the clinical and microbiological characteristics of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) keratitis and to evaluate their response to medical therapy.
Methods: Sixteen patients of NTM keratitis were retrospectively reviewed from May 2014 to May 2019. Laboratory diagnosis were made using Ziehl-Nielsen acidfast staining, routine culture method of isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria and further identification of species by PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based DNA sequencing targeting the heat shock protein-65 (hsp-65) gene.
Results: Sixteen patients of microbiologically proven NTM keratitis were included. The average age at the time of presentation was 43.56 years (range, 24–73 years). The mean duration of symptoms was 2.23 months. The commonest risk factor was injury with organic material (43.7) followed by ocular surgery (25%). The majority of the nontuberculous mycobacteria were Mycobacterium abscessus (87.6%) followed by M. fortuitum (6.2%) and M. chelonae (6.2%). The in vitro sensitivity showed maximum sensitivity to Amikacin (AMK; 100%) followed by Azithromycin (AZM; 85.7%), and Clarithromycin (CLR; 85.7%). Out of a total of 16 patients, 12 (75%) had total success with medical therapy while 4 (25%) required surgical intervention.
Conclusion: This study is focused on rapid and reliable identification of NTM keratitis through PCR-based identification method to enable effective medical management. The antibiotic susceptibility testing of different subspecies of NTM further reduced the need for surgical intervention. The effective role of AMK either alone or in combination with macrolide antibiotics is also highlighted in this study.
Association between NSAID and Statin Therapy and the Incidence of Intravitreal Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections and Nd:YAG Laser Treatment after Cataract Surgery in Finland
Authors: Loukovaara Sirpa , Haukka JJari
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To examine the association between the use of topical non-steroidal antiinflammatory (NSAID) medication, systemic statin therapy, and the incidence rate of two of the most common postsurgical procedures in adult patients undergoing cataract surgery in Finland between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2016.
Methods: This retrospective, nationwide cohort study considered 176,052 cataract operations coded with the International Classification of Disease coding: early adult (H25.0), normal (H25.1), other senile (H25.8), pre-senile (H26.02), or other (related to trauma, other eye disease, or medication). Operations were linked to purchased and reimbursed medications using Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes. The incidence rate of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections, and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum (Nd:YAG) laser treatments of posterior capsular opacification were evaluated using the Poisson regression model.
Results: In our registry cohort, patients with a prescription of topical NSAID (ketorolac) at the time of cataract surgery were less likely treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections after surgery (adjusted Poisson regression model IRR 0.3; 95% CI: 0.15–0.60, P = 0.0007), and also had reduced incidence of Nd:YAG laser (0.59, CI: 0.43–0.81, P = 0.0011) treatments. Unlike topical NSAID, the use of systemic statin therapy was not associated with these two most common surgical procedures (RR 1.04, 95% CI: 0.96–1.12, P = 0.33).
Conclusion: The use of topical NSAIDs is associated with reduced rates of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and Nd:YAG laser treatments after cataract surgery. More observational and experimental studies are warranted to confirm possible benefits of topical NSAID administration after cataract surgery.
Changes in Scleral Thickness Following Repeated Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Patrick , Oh Rachel Y. , Ratzlaff Timothy , Rullo Jacob , Sharma Sanjay
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to compare changes in scleral thickness between eyes injected with repeated anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs and fellow injection naive eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Methods: A total of 79 patients treated with three intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in one eye versus no injections in the fellow eye were included. Anterior segment- OCT measured scleral thickness in the inferotemporal quadrant 4 mm away from the limbus.
Results: Injected eyes had a mean scleral thickness of 588 ± 95 μm versus 618 ± 85 μm in fellow naïve eyes (P < 0.001). Comparing injected eyes to fellow naïve eyes stratified by injection number showed a mean scleral thickness of 585 ± 93 μm versus 615 ± 83 μm in eyes with 3–10 injections (n = 32, P = 0.042); 606 ± 90 μm versus 636 ± 79 μm in eyes with 11–20 injections (n = 24, P = 0.017); and 573 ± 104 μm versus 604 ± 93 μm in eyes with >20 injections (n = 23, P = 0.041). There was no significant correlation between injection number and scleral thickness change (r = –0.07, P = 0.26). When stratified by indication, subjects with retinal vein occlusions showed a statistically significant difference in scleral thickness between injected and fellow naïve eyes (535 ± 94 μm and 598 ± 101 μm, respectively, P = 0.001).
Conclusion: Compared to injection naive eyes, multiple intravitreal injections at the repeated scleral quadrant results in scleral thinning. Consideration of multiple injection sites should be considered to avoid these changes.
Interocular Axial Length Difference and Treatment Outcomes of Anisometropic Amblyopia
Authors: Ghasempour Monireh , Khorrami-Nejad Masoud , Safvati Aidin , Masoomian Babak
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of interocular axial length (AL) difference on outcomes of treatment for anisometropic amblyopia in comparison with normal participants.
Methods: In this historical cohort study, 83 patients with anisometropic amblyopia were divided into two age groups, 70 children (mean, 7.86 ± 1.56 and range, 5–15 years) and 13 adults (mean, 26.46 ± 10.87 and range, 16–45 years). The control group consisted of 43 non-amblyopic children and 17 non-amblyopic adults. Treatment outcomes after a period of one year were defined as successful or unsuccessful when posttreatment amblyopic corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was reported as ≤0.9 versus CDVA ≤ 0.8, respectively. AL was measured using a Lenstar LS900 (Haag-Streit AG, Switzerland).
Results: Fifty-nine patients showed satisfactory treatment outcomes (55 children and 4 adults), while unsuccessful treatment outcomes were observed in 24 patients (15 children and 9 adults). The mean of amblyopia treatment duration was 1.24 ± 0.76 years. The mean of interocular AL difference in all patients, control, successful and unsuccessful treatment outcome groups were 0.49 ± 0.70mm (range, 0.00–3.89 mm), 0.12 ± 0.07 mm (range, 0.02–0.41), 0.33 ± 0.23 mm (range, 0.00–0.99 mm), and 1.81 ± 0.80 mm (range, 1.14–3.89 mm), respectively. In both age groups, the mean of interocular AL difference in patients with unsuccessful treatment outcomes was greater than those with successful treatment outcomes and that of the control group (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the outcome of anisometropic amblyopia treatment may depend on the interocular AL difference.
Binocular Function in Different Gaze Positions
Authors: Asharlous Amir , Doostdar Asgar , Ghaemi Vahid , Farzi Mina , Yekta Abbasali , Mortazavi Abolghasem , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To evaluate varied aspects of binocular function in multiple gaze positions.
Methods: In 2018, this cross-sectional study was conducted on 21 participants (male = 11) with an age range of 19–25 years. Having emmetropia and 10/10 visual acuity in both eyes were conditions of the inclusion criteria for the crosssectional study. The following aspects of binocular function including amplitude of accommodation (AA), near point of convergence, near phoria, and monocular accommodative facility were evaluated in five gazes (primary, upward, downward, left, and right) for all subjects.
Results: Near point of convergence values showed significant differences in all gaze positions (P < 0.001). The lowest near point of convergence value was seen in the primary gaze (2.69 cm) and the downward gaze (3.47 cm) and the highest near point of convergence value was seen in the left gaze (7.5 cm). There was also a significant difference in the amplitude of accommodation among the upward, downward, and the primary gaze (P < 0.001) positions but no difference was observed among the temporal, nasal, and the primary gaze positions. There was a significant difference in near phoria between the upward gaze and the primary gaze (P = 0.008) while no significant differences were observed among the other gazes. There was no significant variance in the monocular accommodative facility among the different gaze positions (P = 0.175).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated variations that exist in the convergence and accommodation reflex functions in multiple gaze positions, which proved to be more prominent in the convergence system. Although the accommodative sufficiency evaluation was inconsistent among the multiple gaze positions, the accommodative facility evaluation was consistent in all gazes.
Impact of Color and Polarity on Visual Resolution with Varying Contrast Ratios and Different Text Backgrounds
Authors: Chen Ai-Hong , Muhamad Nurulain
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To assess the impact of color and polarity in predicting the changes of visual resolution for different text backgrounds with increasing contrast ratios.
Methods: Text-background designs of eight contrast ratios (0.15, 0.30, 0.47, 0.52, 0.57, 0.60, 0.70, and 0.78) and two text polarities (positive; black text and negative; white text) were compared with and without the presence of background color (blue, green, orange, and red). The visual resolution was measured in logMAR using Landolt C. The rate of changes in visual resolution measurements was analyzed using linear regression as contrast ratios increased with and without background color.
Results: Visual resolution varied significantly with and without the background color element under both polarity investigations (P < 0.05). Contrast ratio accounts for 77.4% of the variation within the visual resolution measurement with a color background [F(1,6) = 20.76, P < 0.01]. Contrast ratio accounts for 97.16% of the variation in visual resolution measurements without a color background [F(1,6) = 205.63, P < 0.01].
Conclusion: As contrast decreases, color plays a more significant role than the non-color factor in the resolution of fine details in both polarities as it influences the visual resolution outcome which is reflected in the measurements in logMAR units.
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis: A Review
Authors: Hassanpour Kiana , ElSheikh Reem H. , Arabi Amir , Frank Charles R. , Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Eleiwa Taher K. , Arami Shiva , Djalilian Ali R. , Kheirkhah Ahmad
Published: May 2022

Peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) is a rare but serious ocular condition that is an important clinical entity due to its ophthalmological and systemic implications. It is characterized by progressive peripheral corneal stromal thinning with an associated epithelial defect and can be associated with an underlying local or systemic pro-inflammatory condition, or present in an idiopathic form (Mooren ulcer). Associated conditions include autoimmune diseases, systemic and ocular infections, dermatologic diseases, and ocular surgery. Cell-mediated and autoantibody- mediated immune responses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PUK, destroying peripheral corneal tissue via matrix metalloproteinases. Clinically, patients with PUK present with painful vision loss, a peripheral corneal ulcer, and often adjacent scleritis, episcleritis, iritis, or conjunctivitis. Diagnostic evaluation should be focused on identifying the underlying etiology and ruling out conditions that may mimic PUK, including marginal keratitis and Terrien marginal degeneration. Treatment should be focused on reducing local disease burden with topical lubrication, while simultaneously addressing the underlying cause with antimicrobials or anti-inflammatory when appropriate. Existing and emerging biologic immunomodulatory therapies have proven useful in PUK due to autoimmune conditions. Surgical treatment is generally reserved for cases of severe thinning or corneal perforation.
Eye: The Hard-hit Victim of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gaur Aman , Sarkar Prathama
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the entire world to a standstill. Wearing of mask and time-to-time sanitization have become a customary daily practice. Additionally, as the outdoor activities and movements have been curtailed, concept of work from home is being widely adopted. Hence, the screen exposure time has considerably increased. All these conditions have directly or indirectly impacted the health of eye. This article emphasizes on the repercussions of this pandemic on eye health. It also focuses on the precautions that may be taken to prevent them as well as some solutions to manage them.
Authors’ Reply
Authors: Manafi Navid , Abri Aghdam Kaveh
Published: May 2022

This is an author's reply to the Editor and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Characterization of Paper-Like Material Prepared from Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Composite
Authors: VO Thi Sinh , VO Tran Thi Bich Chau
Published: May 2022

Chitosan (CTS) is considered to be a common biomacromolecule/poly-cationic compound containing the potential functional groups that can be utilized as a feedstock for novel materials. In this study, CTS/graphene oxide (CTS/GO, CG) mixtures were prepared at different conditions to confirm a suitable hydrogel formation, then applied to produce paper-like materials with various thickness via a simple casting method. As a result, the morphological structure of finally yielded the paper-like materials (CG2 papers with the various number of casting times) obtained the layer-by-layer structures instead of the tightly-sticky paper-like structure (GO paper). Basing on the possible interactions between the CTS molecules and GO nanosheets occurred in the CG mixtures could be also determined by FTIR and Raman analysis; concomitantly, its thermal property reaches higher than that of the pure GO. Notably, the strong interactions and compatibility of the CTS molecules and GO nanosheets revealed a good dispersion and interfacial adhesion leading to significantly enhancing the mechanical properties of the CG2 paper-like materials with increasing number of casting times or comparing to GO paper. Therefore, the CG2 paper-like materials with the various number of casting times fabricated in the present study can expose new approaches for the design and application of future foil/paper-like materials, as well as the desired thickness of these foil/paper-like materials can be controlled easily.
Visual duplicates search of fracture zones of seismic databasesbased on the method of solving the ICP variational problemin closed form and inverted index
Authors: Vokhmintsev Alexander V. , Botov Dmitriy S. , Petrichenko Yuliya V.
Published: May 2022

In this paper fast methods are proposed for search the fracture zones in seismic databases on two types of data: seismic section (two-dimensional data) and seismic cube (three-dimensional data). These methods are an integral part of the mapping technology for filtering channels and large volumes of seismic data and useful for automating interpretation of heterogeneous seismic data. The proposed methods for searching the similarity of fracture zones were investigated using the Open Seismic Repository reference dataset, which contains information about geological rocks in the area of the North Sea and compared with other known methods for solving this problem, the results were discussed in the article.
Penalization of genetic crimes
Authors: Kozachenko Ivan Y. , Sergeev Danil N.
Published: May 2022

This article contains a comprehensive study of the content of structural and functional nature of criminal sanctions in the theoretical modeling of responsibility for genetic crimes. The authors analyze the factors which underpin the criminal law sanctions for these crimes, as well as their importance for the legislative and law enforcement practice.
The article formulates scientifically grounded definition of criminal sanctions and reveals their logical connection and interdependence focused on the crimes of genetic nature. The article covers the creation of a impact mechanism of criminal sanctions on the qualification of crimes in the genetic engineering industry.
The article provides recommendations for improvement of the criminal sanctions system in this sphere. This position is determined by the fact that one of the most important elements of law policy is penal policy, which defined the general principles, main directions and further perspectives of criminal law protection of the most valuable social relations from criminal invasions. The research was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant project No. 18-29-14028 The Project of Criminalizing Actions in Human Genome and Other Organism Research).
Spin instability of technological combustion mode in a wave of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
Authors: Grigoryevskaya Angelica A. , Gulyaev Pavel Yu.
Published: May 2022

The results of a computer experiment to determine the invariant properties of the Trace transform of a two-dimensional chronogram of wave propagation in the spin combustion mode of the Ni-Al system are presented. The chronogram model was chosen in the form of four sets of isocline lines, the angle of inclination of which corresponded to the value of the tangential velocity from 16.5 to 41.8 m/s. A high degree of shift invariance of the Trace-transformation nodes was found, the error in determining the coordinates of which is limited only by the presence of the initial additive geometric noise in the image of the differential chronogram of the combustion wave. Scale invariance properties in practice provide a dynamic magnification range of 40 dB.
Transversal factors and spanning trees
Authors: Montgomery Richard , Müyesser Alp , Pehova Yani
Published: May 2022

Since the proof of a "colorful" version of [Caratheodory's theorem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carath%C3%A9odory%27s_theorem_%28convex_hull%29) by Bárány in 1982, it has been an important problem to obtain colorful extensions of other classical results in discrete geometry (for instance Tverberg's theorem). The present paper continues this line of research, but in the context of extremal graph theory rather than discrete geometry.

Mantel's classical theorem from 1907 states that every $n$-vertex graph on more than $n^2/4$ edges contains a triangle. In [Ron Aharoni, Matt DeVos, Sebastián González Hermosillo de la Maza, Amanda Montejano, and Robert Šámal, A rainbow version of Mantel’s Theorem, Advances in Combinatorics 2020:2, 12 pp](https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.11872v2), a "rainbow", "colored", or "colorful" variant of this problem was considered : given three graphs $G_1,G_2,G_3$ on the same vertex set of size $n$, what average degree conditions on $G_1,G_2,G_3$ force the existence of a "rainbow triangle" (a triangle $\{e_1,e_2,e_3\}$ such that each edge $e_i$ belongs to $G_i$)? By taking three copies of the same graph $G$ we see that the colored version is at least as hard as the original problem, and the paper cited above provided a construction showing that in this case the colorful variant is strictly harder than Mantel's problem.

It was suggested to study average degree or minimum degree thresholds for colorful variants of classical problems in extremal combinatorics, such as Dirac's theorem (every $n$-vertex graph of minimum degree at least $n/2$ has a Hamiltonian cycle). In particular, Joos and Kim proved in 2020 that the same minimum degree condition as in Dirac's theorem guarantees a rainbow $n$-cycle: namely if we are given $n$ graphs of minimum degree at least $n/2$ on the same set of $n$ vertices, then there is an $n$-cycle comprising one edge of each graph.

The results in the present paper follow the same line of research. The two major results that are extended to the colorful setting here are a theorem of Kühn and Osthus (a sharp minimum degree condition to obtain a perfect packing of copies of any given graph $F$, generalizing the Hajnal-Szemerédi theorem), and a theorem of Komlós, Sárközy and Szemerédi (a sharp degree condition to contain any given spanning tree without large degree vertices). Amazingly, the minimum degree conditions in the (stronger) colorful versions are the same as the original minimum degree conditions.
Effects of Commercialisation on Seasonal Hunger: Evidence From Smallholder Resettlement Areas, Mazowe District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Sukume Chrispen , Mahofa Godfrey , Mutyasira Vine
Published: May 2022

Agricultural transformation towards intensive commercial production is a key facet of current development strategies pursued by African governments, aimed at improving welfare outcomes of farm households. However, in Zimbabwe, there is concern that increased commercialisation, especially through tobacco production, may have resulted in increased food and nutrition insecurity in the smallholder farming sector. Using data from two rounds of surveys conducted in 2018 and 2020 of smallholder farmers, this study examined the impacts of cash crop and food-based commercialisation pathways on seasonal food insecurity in rural households of Mazowe district.
Global Trends in Hemophilia Research
Authors: ÖZLÜ Can , CEYLAN Güray
Published: May 2022

The hemophilias are the most common X-linked inherited bleeding disorders, and if not managed properly, they can lead to chronic disease and lifelong disabilities. The hemophilias remains a hot topic in the field of hematology. This bibliometric study aimed to investigate the current status of publications on haemophilia. The goal of this study was to retrieve data from journals that were indexed in the Web of Science (WoS; Thomson Reuters, New York, NY, USA) database. Keywords related to “Hemophilia” were used. The time span was set from 1970 to 2021. Data pertaining to growth of publications, the most active countries and institutions, the most cited journals, and mapping of publications and keywords were analyzed. Retrieved data were analyzed to present various bibliometric indicators while maps were visualized using the VOS viewer technique. The Hirsch (H) index and the impact factor (IF) of the publishing journal were used as indicators of impact of publications. A total of 7.736 articles were retrieved with an average of 22.06 and total of 170.624 citations. H index was found as 149. Study searches the publications in the period between 1970 and 2020 first article was in the year 1970. The leading country on journal number is the United States of America (USA) with (n=2474; 31.98%), followed by England (11.69%), Germany (9.76%), Italy (8.59%), Canada (6.81%), France (6.67%). Most of the retrieved articles were from research areas of Hematology (n=4706; 60.83%), Cardiovascular System/Cardiology (11.46%), General Internal Medicine (10.12%), Pediatrics (4.52%), Genetics Heredity (n4.25%). The number of publications from the development countries should be increased and research on hemophilia should be supported. The landscape of this illness is changing continuously, and bibliometric studies like the one presented are a useful tool for highlighting developments inside this field.
Time-Dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis and Applications in the Field of Medicine
Authors: EFE SAYIN Ceren , UNAL İlker
Published: May 2022

When there is a time-dependency between the biomarker and the event of interest (death, disease, relapse etc.), classical receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis may not be able to estimate the true performance of the biomarker. For such cases, time-dependent ROC, an extended version of the standard ROC, is developed. In this study, the aim is to demonstrate applications of this modified ROC method on medical datasets and find out if it should be preferred over classical ROC for time-dependent situations. Comparison between classical ROC and Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimator, which is one of the two time-dependent ROC estimators, has been made using datasets in this study. Nearest Neighbor Estimator (NNE), the alternative of KM estimator, is also applied on all datasets. Then the findings of these two approaches are compared. It is concluded that time-dependent ROC method is superior to the standard ROC analysis. In general, the closer to the event time, the higher performance is observed. Especially, biomarkers measured at last 12 or 6 months before the event are determined to be better at classification than the earlier measurements. Though in all applications KM and NNE yielded very similar results, the latter is considered to be more appropriate to evaluate the performance of a biomarker when a time dependent data is also censored. Results of this study show that time-dependent ROC analysis performs more accurately when there is a time dependency between the biomarker and the event of interest; therefore, it is recommended.
Post-education, what after? Part 2
Authors:   Omsk State University n.a. F.M. Dostoevsky, Kuparashvili Mzia J.
Published: May 2022

The second part considers the basic principles of identity formation through education, developing a system of ethical criteria that allow normal existence in the postmodern era. Emphasis is placed on building the right strategy that would orient education to prepare new generations to work in a full-cycle production systems.
Protest Activity of modern Russian youth: The influence of educational level
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Vasileva Elena I. , Nikitina Alena S.
Published: May 2022

At present, participation in protests is becoming an increasingly popular and relevant form of participation. At the same time, this trend is more characteristic of young citizens, who make up a significant part of the participants in the protest actions. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of the level of education on the protest activity of modern Russian youth. The article presents the results of a survey of Russian youth conducted in July 2021 (n = 2302 people). On the basis of the empirical data obtained, it was revealed that the level of education and age of the participants in protest actions have a direct impact on the nature and format of protest events. The level of education is one of the factors that determine the format and content of online and offline protest practices: the higher the level of education, the more ideological and conscious the practices themselves are. At the end of the article, the authors formulate the main conclusions and suggest directions for harmonizing the protest potential of modern Russian youth.
Social risks of student youth in the context of the Higher Education transformation
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University n.a. M.V. Lomonosov, Tsikhonchik Nadezhda V.
Published: May 2022

Higher education transformation creates the basis for the emergence and development of social risks for all its participants, first of all, students. The research aim was to describe the degree of intensity and characteristics of educational, socio-cultural, socio-economic and other risks appearing among students. The results of the extensive survey show that the relevant social risks for students are the risks in education and employment. The author identified three groups of student youth according to the parameters of ascriptive status and analysed the features of social risks in these groups. The measures to minimize social risks among student youth through university organizational and managerial activities are introduced in the article. The author concludes that there is the necessity to search for effective methods of social risk management among young people, as well as in higher education institutions.
Ethical traditions of domestic medical education in the time management of the healthcare system
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Ditkovskaia Innessa E.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the ethical traditions of domestic medicine and medical education in the development of the theory and practice of time resource management in the healthcare system since the formation of domestic clinical medicine, in the conditions of zemstvo medicine, the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. On the one hand, the actively developing processes of digitalization of the domestic healthcare system open up wide opportunities in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases, on the other hand, they give rise to a number of unprecedented problems, in particular, in the field of ethics. Their solution requires trained specialists with interdisciplinary humanitarian knowledge and is associated with the need to humanize modern domestic higher medical education, one of the most important problems of which is the reduction of humanitarian training and, as a result, the loss of educational function. The wide scale of the development of technical capabilities, the variety of pharmaceuticals, experiments in the organization of health care have created a situation where, behind an array of various innovations in the pursuit of rational use of time in the time management of the health care system, a person with his unique subjective characteristics has receded into the background.