bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Pola Konsumsi Makanan Kariogenik dengan Kejadian Karies Gigi pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hamzah Acep
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Dental caries are a disease that damages tissue caused by emial and dentine Demineralization especially school-age children generally caries due to high interest and become a favorite in consuming kariogenic food So that the consumption pattern of karyogenic foods is very high. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of consumption patterns of karyogenic foods with dental carise.

Method: Design research using descriptive analytic and cross sectional approach in 131 elementary school children with the technique of random sempling. Questionnaire to measure consumption patterns of karyogenic foods ie FFQ (food frequency questionnere) and dental caries test with DMF-T (Decay Missing Filled-Teeth). The analysis of this research uses the Chi-square test.

Result: This study describes the high carcinogenic food consumption pattern of 77 respondents (58.8%), and children with dental caries of 33 respondents (61.1%). Describing the food consumption pattern of kariogenic foods with the incidence of dental caries on the children of SDN Rangkapan Jaya Baru Depok with results and P-value (0.000).

Discussion : The pattern of consumption of cariogenic food with the incidence of dental caries in children at SDN X showed the majority of the pattern of consumption of high cariogenic food and children with dental caries. The results of the analysis show that there is a relationship between cariogenic food consumption patterns and the incidence of dental caries in children. In conclusion there was a relationship of kariogenic food consumption pattern with the incidence of dental caries.
Length Of Stay dengan Kepuasan Keluarga Pasien Prioritas dapat dipengaruhi oleh Peran Perawat sebagai Care Giver
Authors: Mat Yani
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The role of nurses as caregivers given during the emergency room will continue to interact between nurses and patients. So that the relationship and interaction between nurse and patient will greatly determine the level of patient satisfaction.
Methods: This study used a descriptive analytic method using a correlation research study with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were priority patients in emergency room RSAL Dr. Mintohardjo is based on the average monthly patient rate in 2019, namely 915 priority patients in the emergency room. The sampling technique in this study was carried out using the purposive sampling method. The sample needed is 90 respondents.
Results: Based on the results of statistical tests with a value of P = 0.024, it means P <0.05
Discussion: There is a relationship between the role of the nurse as a care giver and the length of stay with the priority patient's family satisfaction in IGD RSAL Dr. Mintohardjo
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FOR PURCHASE OF RAW MATERIALS PT. PHILLIPS SEAFOOD INDONESIA
Authors: Dipa Taufikqurahman Muhammad
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out and obtain data regarding the Mandatory Employee Contribution (IWP) billing system for participants managed by PT. TASPEN (Persero) Serang Branch Office, as well as providing information to the participants of the pension program and Old Age Savings (ENT) how the process or flow goes through in collecting the Mandatory Employee Contribution (IWP) for these participants. The results of the study indicate that the Mandatory Employee Contribution (IWP) billing system for participants at PT. TASPEN (Persero) Serang Branch Office which has been created and implemented in the Company Operational Standards (SOP) has been explained in detail and has been implemented properly in accordance with the system created.
PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AT THE REGIONAL FINANCIAL AND ASSETS AGENCY (BPKAD) IN BANTEN PROVINCE
Authors: Amalia Nida
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the application of regional accounting in preparing BPKAD Financial Reports in Banten Province, to find out what obstacles often occur in the financial reporting process at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) in Banten Province. The results showed that the Financial Statements produced by the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Banten Province consisted of Budget Realization Reports (LRA), Operational Reports (LO), Balance Sheets, Changes in Equity Reports. In preparing the financial statements, the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Banten Province has prepared its financial reports properly based on Government Regulation No. 71 of 2010. In addition, SIMRAL Finance is an application formed by the Central Government with the aim of realizing quality state financial accountability in the central government towards a more effective government. The advantage of SIMRAL Finance is to facilitate the process of preparing financial reports by inputting data in the SIMRAL Finance application
LA CIRCULARIDAD HERMENÉUTICA ENTRE EL UNUM ARGUMENTUM DE SAN ANSELMO Y EL PROBLEMA DE DIOS EN ZUBIRI
Authors: Villa Sanchez Jose Alfonso
Published: October 2021

This study presumesthat between the thesis of the Unum argumentumof San Anselmo and the thesis of Zubiri on the problem of God–man is emptiedfrom his radical structure to the Θεός–, there is a circular hermeneutical relationship. With the resources offered by this type of argument, applied to the relationship that may exist between the two authors, it is possible to uncover an intellectual continuity between San Anselmo's argument and Zubiri's concept of reality, preserving the formal structure of the former's thesis. Both theses can be complemented, in a two-way relationship, as support for a more comprehensive philosophical reflection on the problem of God. The possibility of this complementation passes through the affirmation in Zubiri that God is the fundamental reality; and not the supreme being, much less an entity.
A EXPERIÊNCIA RELIGIOSA DE AGOSTINHO
Authors: Von Zuben Newton Aquiles , Olinto Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho pretende analisar o que se poderia chamar de experiência religiosa de Agostinho, tal como nos revelam os Diálogos escritos em Cassicíaco e, ainda, a célebre passagem do livro IX das Confissões (IX, 10, 23-25), no qual é possível encontrar o relato bem conhecido e bastante comentado de “O êxtase de Óstia”. O itinerário filosófico de Agostinho tem, a montante, uma conversão filosófica e culmina com a experiência de saída de si, no momento extático, quando o coração entra em contato intenso com a Sabedoria eterna. Experiência-limite, vivida no espaço de um instante, mas que se abre à esperança de uma beatitude concebida como eternização da presença.
A PAZ, DIGNIDADE HUMANA E DESARMAMENTO INTEGRAL
Authors: Messias Elvis Rezende
Published: October 2021

O presente texto tem como objetivo geral refletir sobre a questão da paz a partir do ensino social católico. Para tal, são levantadas problematizações sobre a conjuntura contemporânea quanto aos esforços de busca pela paz em sua correlação à situação da questão das armas. Busca-se compreender as fundamentações bíblico-teológicas do ensino católico sobre essas questões e conhecer parte do seu desenvolvimento reflexivo antes, durante e a partir do Concílio Vaticano II. Por fim, pretende-se demonstrar que, na perspectiva hermenêutica do pensamento eclesiástico, é fundamental o resgate da dimensão teológica da discussão sobre a temática em questão, pois, sem ele, as soluções construídas podem se voltar contra o próprio homem e, enfim, contra a própria paz.
The Effect of Mosses on the Hydraulic Media of Vegetable Plants in Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Widyani Retno , Iftitah Dein , Nilamcaya Mus
Published: October 2021

It’s time to eat healthy vegetables. One of the ways to get healthy vegetables is to growthem hydroponically to avoid various environmental pollution. However, it turns out that even hydroponic cultivation still has itsown downside, namely the growth of moss. This is because the conditions for moss to growhavebeen metsuch asthe supply ofwater whish is rich in nutrients and oxygen, and enough sunlight for grow. Usually, in hydroponic systems, we often find moss attached to rock wool and gutter planting media. This begins when the rock wool is submerged in water and the gutterarefed by water that containing nutrients and also exposed to sunlight. Is there an effect of moss on the productivity of hydroponic plantsand how to overcomeit? This research was conducted to find out how overcome moss so as not to interfere with the production of vegetable crops in ahydroponic maintenance system. Based on our observations, the growth of mosscertainly affectedthe development of plants. With minimal moss, the growth of kale seemedto be the mostoptimal, with wider leaves and dense stem condition. On the other hand, the spinach thatwas investedwith mossdidn’t growas optimal as our kale, with thinner leaves and sparse.
Toward a Holistic Approach in Medical Education
Authors: Safadi Reema , Abushaikha Lubna
Published: October 2021

In this chapter, we briefly present the case of medical practice and education as they evolved through history until modern times. The history of medical practice and education portrays a transformation from unstructured spiritual and apprenticeship practice of the older days transitioning toward the current biopsychosocial medical model that is based on scientific evidence-based methods and practice. Educational methods have also developed from didactic traditional pedagogies and passive learning to more interactive methods and technologies based on andragogy. A preview of theoretical frameworks sets the ground for a discussion about medical schools’ curricula, values, and mission statements. The purpose of the frameworks is to illustrate the basic concepts on which a curriculum is constructed, and thus employ this in assessing whether these frameworks would fulfill the core values of medical practice as a holistic, bio-psychosocial science and practice; conceptual values that could address the communities’ current needs and rights to care. The chapter concludes with an analysis of few examples of mission statements that reflect the existent medical schools’ programs, values, and outcomes that are sought in future medical practitioners. A program that results in graduating competent, knowledgeable, and humanistic medical practitioners is the goal of all medical schools.
Sustainability of the Oil Palm Industry
Authors: Osei Darkwah Dickson , Ong-Abdullah Meilina
Published: October 2021

The oil palm (Elaies guineensis Jacq) is the largest produced and highly traded vegetable oil globally yet has the lowest cost of production and significantly higher productivity compared to other oil crops. The crop has the potential of alleviating poverty for smallholders and lifting the economies of countries with large scale production notably, Malaysia and Indonesia and currently on high demand for use as biofuel feedstock. Irrespective of these advantages of the oil palm, there is a global concern on the devastating impact of the crop on the environment and ecosystem during plantation developments and expansions. Deforestation, biodiversity loss, water and air pollution and toxic compounds from palm oil mill effluents (POME) are some of the negative impacts of the oil palm. For the industry to be more beneficial and impactful globally, sustainability strategies becomes urgent need. Sustainability strategies such as increasing the yield of oil palm, precision agriculture, sustainability certification, support for smallholders and circular economy have been put across to curtail the negative impacts of oil palm expansion.
The Movable Heritage of Drăghia
Authors: Săsăran Patricia , Țenter Ancuța , Burghele Bety , Cotețiu Marin , Jianu Loreley-Diana
Published: October 2021

The movable heritage of the Drăghia village, Maramureș County, is still around today thanks to a handful of people who diligently tended to the aged objects forsaken long ago. The old wooden church, built in 1706, is today a museum in which some of the age-old ritual objects, as well as other type of objects, are conserved. The decorations of the church, an important aspect over time, include various objects which today can be considered movable heritage. In this regard, the icons or paintings were highlighted by decorating them with decorative towels, woven by the village’s women. Other cloths, rugs and mats were also used for „dressing” the church. We will open the list of movable heritage objects with the key to the church, and tell its over 300-years old story. The icons, religious books, royal doors, banners, thurible, the two choir pews, the church bells, and the priest robes will complete our study. On the other hand, you can find an old shirt, a towel, a bench or some other object kept out of respect for their ancestors in almost every house in the village. The Radu families have impressive collections, having establishes a so-called personal museum.
The Role of Marine-Protected Areas as A Life Support for Fishery Communities: Indonesian Perspective
Authors: Djumanto  , Erdi Lazuardi Muhammad , Musthofa Zainudin Imam , Ridarwati Sukma
Published: October 2021

This chapter examines relevant literature on marine-protected areas (MPAs) development and their benefit to support fishery communities in Indonesia. The MPAs concepts experienced since Indonesia’s kingdoms eras, continuing the Dutch Colonial period, the next post-independence, and the period from 2000 to the present. One of the functions of MPAs is as a source of livelihood for fishery communities. The size of MPAs in the year 2000 was around 2.6 million hectares (ha) and significantly increased in 2021 up to 23.3 million ha. The size of MPAs is growing along with forming the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. The Indonesian government targets MPAs of 32.5 million ha or 10% of the territorial sea of the archipelago. The involvement of stakeholders in the utilization and management of MPAs ensures the area’s sustainability and environmental safety. It improves the welfare of fishermen through the availability of fish resources. Therefore, in the purpose of protecting ecological assets, even though the literature sources were limited, our finding suggests that many MPAs involving local communities and traditional management can become the foundation of the fishery community’s livelihood.
Systems-Thinking Framework for Renewables-Powered World
Authors: Wang Lin-Shu , Shi Peng
Published: October 2021

Humans has experienced energy transitions throughout its history and the current transition from fossil energy to renewable energy is the latest example. But this latest example is different: rather than resulting from scarcity, this energy transition results from the threat of global warming—which is generally attributed to the short-term increasing of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere but also to the long-term heat threat posed by a warming Sun, according to the Gaia theory. Perspective appreciation of the nature of this combination necessitates for us to take a systems-thinking about the Earth system as a whole rather than the standard narrative of technical solution to our problem (of how to convert a small part of the abundant solar energy [including wind energy] into useful energy). Only by framing the energy transition as a part of dealing with the existential threat of global warming as heat threat, we are capturing the right perspective. Rather than any shortfall of energy—increasing carbon dioxide, heat threat, and collapse of Earth’s ecosystems are the real threats. Cognizant of these is the beginning for humans to seize solutions to deal with the threats before it is too late.
The Role of Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapies
Authors: Kursunluoglu Gizem , Erdogan Duygu , Cagatay Elcin , Bulut Atalay Esra , Guler Seminay , Gungor Yonca , Ayar Kayali Hulya
Published: October 2021

Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer a phosphate group to the threonine, serine, or tyrosine residues of the target protein, regulating its activity. The activity of these enzymes are very important and strictly regulated in the cell as they promote cell proliferation, survival, and migration. In the case of any dysregulation of these enzymes, they can be associated with cancer initiation and progression. Small-molecule kinase inhibitors approved by the FDA for their improved clinical benefits are currently used in targeted therapy for the treatment of various cancers. So far, there are 62 FDA-approved therapeutic agents targeting different protein kinases, eight of which were approved in 2020. Today, kinase inhibitors are used as FDA approved cancer agents and newly developed ones are evaluated in clinical trials. Those protein kinase inhibitors can be grouped as growth factor receptor inhibitors, Ras/Raf/Mek inhibitors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors, other targets, and agents such as protein kinase c and 3 phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1. In this chapter, these kinases, their pathways, and their inhibitors will be discussed in detail.
Effects of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy on Dentophobia in Clients of Dental Offices in Isfahan, Tehran, and Shahrekord (Iran)
Authors: Majidi Elham , Manshaee Gholamreza
Published: October 2021

Background: Dentophobia can reduce the number of regular visits to dentists and endanger the oral health of people. New technologies such as virtual reality (VR) can be used in the treatment of psychological problems such as dentophobia. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) on dentophobia in clients of dental offices in the cities of Isfahan, Tehran, and Shahrekord in 2020. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all clients with dentophobia visiting private dental clinics of Isfahan, Tehran, and Shahrekord in 2020. Thirty clients with dentophobia who were willing to participate in the research were selected as the sample using convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n = 15 per group). The experimental group underwent eight sessions (15-minutes sessions per week) of virtual reality exposure therapy, while the control group received no intervention. The follow-up was performed after 45 days. The research instruments included the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), Samsung Gear 360 (2017 Edition), and HTC VIVE Pro Virtual Reality Headset. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: The results showed that virtual reality exposure therapy effectively decreased dentophobia in clients of dental offices in the experimental group (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: According to research findings, virtual reality exposure therapy was an efficient therapy for improving dentophobia and reducing phobia symptoms in clients of dental offices.
Dentists’ Knowledge and Practice of the Notification Protocol of the Ministry of Health in Dealing with COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study in Khuzestan
Authors: Shooriabi Mohammad , Modarres Mousavy Sedigheh
Published: October 2021

Background: The number of patients suffering coronavirus (COVID-19) is increasing worldwide, and given that there is now no vaccine against this virus, the best prevention technique is to observe health protocols and social distancing. This issue is of paramount importance in dentistry clinics. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists in Ahvaz regarding COVID-19. Methods: The study population encompassed all dentists who were the WhatsApp group members of the Iranian Dental Association in Ahvaz, Iran. The online questionnaire link was shared on the social network on October 1, and the member dentists were asked to answer the questionnaire addressing demographic characteristics, knowledge about the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 disease, virus transmission method, and infection control method. These items assessed the dentists’ attitude and practice in the treatment procedure of the COVID-19 patients. Results: Out of 227 group members, 171 dentists observed the questionnaire link, and 108 persons answered the questions. Most of the respondents were 40-49 years old and male. Moreover, 19% of the participants had dentistry specialization, 60% of the dentists had received no training on infection control in dentistry, 66% of these individuals had passed the COVID-19 training course, and 23% of the dentists believed that the COVID-19 incubation period was 7-14 days. Most of the dentists were aware of the symptoms of COVID-19 and the diagnosis techniques for patients with COVID-19. They correctly reported the disease transmission and the disease prevention methods in the dental clinic. The dentists acted differently in using personal equipment, and only 75% of these individuals used the N95 Mask during the treatment of patients. About 13% of the dentists did not study the protocol proposed by the Ministry of Health for reopening the dental clinic during the COVID-19 outbreak period. Conclusions: The Ahvazian dentists are aware of the symptoms of COVID-19, its transmission, and the infection control protocol in dental clinics. However, they did not fully observe the protocols on wearing personal protective equipment for themselves and clinic staff; hence, barriers to using personal protective equipment should be eliminated, and the implementation of the protocols in dental clinics should be monitored more strictly.
Prevalence of Idiopathic Peptic Ulcer in Southeastern Iran
Authors: Bakhshipour Alireza , Rafaiee Raheleh
Published: October 2021

Background: The idiopathic peptic ulcers (IPU), or non-Helicobacter pylori nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-associated peptic ulcers, are a serious therapeutic challenge. The prevalence of IPU is increasing in some parts of the world. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IPU in southeastern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 367 patients with active peptic ulcer were diagnosed by endoscopy between Jan 2018 and Feb 2019. The patients were assessed for history of medication use (including NSAIDs) in the past month, smoking, alcohol, as well as a complete history of health problems related to underlying disease such as cardiopulmonary, hepatic, renal problems, and chronic pancreatitis. Biopsy samples from antrum were performed for rapid urease test (RUT), and if RUT was negative, then biopsies were sent for histopathology. If both RUT and pathologic findings were negative for H. pylori, in patients who had treatment for H. pylori eradication, anti-H. pylori IgG antibody of blood samples was assessed. Patients were considered infected with H. pylori if any of the diagnostic tests had a positive result. Results: According to the results, 336 (91.3%) cases had at least one of the two main etiologic factors (H. pylori and NSAIDs) for peptic ulcer. While 323 (87.7%) patients were H. pylori-positive, 45 (12.3%) patients were H. pylori-negative. However, out of 45 H. pylori-negative cases, 13 patients had a positive history of using NSAIDs, and 32 (8.69%) patients were IPU. Conclusions: Our study showed that both H. pylori infection and NSAIDs use remain the main cause of peptic ulcers, and the prevalence of IPU is relatively high in Zahedan.
The Impact of Sweep Angle on Stepped Planing Hull Performance
Authors: Husser Nicholas , Brizzolara Stefano
Published: October 2021

In this study the impact of sweep angle on stepped hull resistance, running attitude, and dynamic stability is investigated for a range of planing speeds from ventilation inception (𝐹𝛻≈2) to high planing speeds (𝐹𝛻≈7) using RANS CFD. Potential performance benefits of the step are isolated for three speeds and two displacements using fixed trim simulations. Differences in running attitude and dynamic stability are investigated using free running simulations at the highest speed for a range of LCG locations. Finally, any differences in ventilation inception and performance at low speeds are investigated using fixed trim and heave simulations. The study shows that swept forward steps do not necessarily ventilate earlier than other step designs but do provide resistance reductions at 𝐹𝛻<5 compared to swept aft and unstepped designs. However, at 𝐹𝛻>5, swept forward steps demonstrate significant resistance increases compared to unswept and swept aft steps. At high speeds, swept aft steps provide improved dynamic stability compared to other step designs without a resistance penalty when compared to unswept steps.
Low Emission Fast Vessels for Crew Transfer Operations
Authors: Skomedal Nere G. , Espeland Trygve H.
Published: October 2021

The paper describes recent development of vessel concepts and propulsion systems for high-speed crew transfer vessels within offshore wind and offshore oil & gas industries. Due to the increased global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, significant reductions in CO2 emissions also from high-speed water transport is needed. Electrification and the use of net zero carbon energy carriers such as batteries, hydrogen or other non-carbon synthetic fuels are necessary to obtain this. It is also necessary to reduce hull resistance and to select the most transport efficient vessel types. As an example of this trend, the recently built surface effect crew transfer vessel CWind Pioneer (picture above) is presented.
OpenPlaning: Open-Source Framework for the Hydrodynamic Design of Planing Hulls
Authors: Castro-Feliciano Esteban L.
Published: October 2021

The use of Dr. Savitsky's empirical methods for the hydrodynamic design of planing hulls is widespread in industry and academia. In spite of their common use, their implementations are frequently inconsistent among their users. This makes it difficult to share and replicate exact results, and apply those results to a reader's desired case study. This paper presents an open-source Python-based framework of the Savitsky '64 and Savitksy & Brown '76 papers that is suitable for industry and research purposes, named OpenPlaning. The original Savitsky method implementation required the use of charts and results interpolation to find the boat's equilibrium. OpenPlaning instead uses a root-finding algorithm to determine the equilibrium attitude, automating the process and assuring consistent use of the Savitsky method. This formulaic approach allows the users to change and explore variations among any desired hull characteristic (beam, deadrise, weight, flap size/deflection, etc.), and use Python packages to optimize these parameters. OpenPlaning includes Faltinsen's 2010 planing hull porpoising inception work, which expanded upon the Savitsky method to estimate the vessel's mass, damping, and restoring coefficients. Consequently, control engineers can also use OpenPlaning to obtain a linear system in the heave and pitch degree of freedoms, and obtain initial tuning parameters for control systems. To illustrate the use of OpenPlaning, an example planing craft is designed, explored and optimized with real-world constraints.
Using VOF Slip Velocity to Improve Productivity of Planing Hull CFD Simulations
Authors: Wheeler Miles P. , Ryan Philip , Cimolin Flavio , Gunderson Andrew , Scherer John
Published: October 2021

Use of Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools is becoming common practice in the analysis of high speed craft. These numerical tools are of great value, since they can provide high-fidelity insight into performance of various designs by modelling non-linear effects due to viscous forces and turbulence. However, CFD tools are often seen as computationally expensive and prohibitive in a design environment. One of the main issues that impacts the use of CFD tools is numerical ventilation, when air is artificially entrained beneath the hull while using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) scheme to model the free surface. To overcome this issue, traditionally, very fine grids are requested near the surface of the hull to resolve the flow. In this paper, it will be illustrated how the use of an algebraic VOF slip velocity, in conjunction with a tight overset model and adaptive mesh refinement prevent the issue of numerical ventilation while simultaneously using a more computationally efficient mesh that produces accurate results in calm water resistance calculations. A verification and validation process comparing the VOF slip velocity method against experimental data for a known hull was conducted. Computational cost and accuracy associated with VOF slip velocity is discussed. The methodology is then applied to a stepped hull and comparisons between towing tank experiments and simulation results are looked at.
The Impacts of Model Uncertainty on RANS CFD Simulations of a High-Speed Craft
Authors: Messler Joseph , Husser Nicholas , Brizzolara Stefano
Published: October 2021

Computational scientists frequently publish papers discussing various sources of uncertainty in numerical methods for computational fluid dynamics. The frequently discussed sources of uncertainty are round off error, discretization error, iterative error, and mathematical model uncertainty (i.e. uncertainty in turbulence modeling). While all of these sources of uncertainty are real and impact the results of a simulation, the authors have found through experience that the most critical element to achieving accurate simulation results for high-speed craft is the generation of a high quality mesh on which the numerical methods are solved. There are, in general, two requirements for a high quality mesh; refinement regions must be applied in regions where the physics of the flow are most significant, and the three dimensional model of the hull form must be appropriately defined and fair. The latter appears to be a major contributing factor to uncertainty in CFD simulations that is not often discussed in the literature. Further, in practice there are numerous sources of geometric uncertainty between a prescribed CAD geometry and physically constructed model. In this paper, simulations are performed on two models of GPPH, with and without an edge radius on the transom to evaluate the impact of including fine geometric details (like tooling radii) in a RANS CFD model. The results of the simulations show that the inclusion of the rounded edge leads to large simulation errors in resistance and running attitude. This work has concluded that inclusion of fine geometric details in a planing hull CFD model is not beneficial to the overall accuracy of the simulations relative to necessary design accuracy.
Conceptual design recommendations to improve seakeeping of small high-speed craft providing interisland transportation in Galápagos
Authors: Marín López José R. , Villamarín Edgar G. , Mendoza Jorge I. , Paredes Rubén J. , Datla Raju
Published: October 2021

To reduce the negative effects on passengers of the high-speed craft motions in Galapagos inter islands service, an optimization procedure at conceptual design level is developed. First, time histories of vertical acceleration of midship and forward end are first measured and analyzed. Weighted acceleration signals are compared with those from well-known experimental tests and are also used to evaluate the index of motion sickness with ISO 2631 standard to determine the number of persons affected by craft motion. The report from the sea trials includes the number of persons vomiting and those experienced dizziness because of the motions during the two-hour inter islands trip. Then, an optimization procedure using feasible directions is implemented with a combination of resistance and CG acceleration of the vessel to be minimized. Both functions were evaluated using well-known empirical formulations. The results show that increasing length and deadrise angle, and moving LCG forward, it is possible to reduce the acceleration by 20% while obtaining a 4% reduction in resistance.
PIV-Based Hydrodynamic Analysis of a 2D Lifting Body Using Near-Field Flow Kinematics
Authors: Ng Galen W. , DeNapoli Michael J. , Onas Adrian S.
Published: October 2021

The ability to extract quantitative flow information from photographic images of the velocity field using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a powerful alternative to the more traditional invasive or integrated method techniques. The usage of PIV allows the complete characterization of the flow field, and not just at discrete points. Additionally, with PIV, it is possible to predict the hydrodynamic characteristics of a lifting body without measuring the forces and moments acting upon it. In this paper, the hydrodynamic performance of a NACA 0018 airfoil was determined by analyzing the flow kinematics from a 2D-2C (two-dimensional, two-component) PIV data set. The motivation for this work was to provide a canonical study to show that laser optical measurement techniques such as PIV, can be an attractive alternative to dynamic force testing. The hydrodynamic performance evaluated using PIV data was compared to the computational program XFOIL to assess the validity of the results. The analytical drag force prediction was carried out using the Von Kármán Momentum Integral approach for a flat plate and the Squire-Young boundary layer method as an improved method, whereas the analytical lift force prediction calculation was based on the Kutta-Joukowski theorem. The results show reasonable agreement with the numerical prediction tool XFOIL and they follow the expected trends across all operating conditions. These findings suggest that this methodology might be expanded to conduct hydrodynamic analyses on more complex geometries such as hydrofoils, turbines, propulsors, fin stabilizers, rudders, and other control surfaces using flow kinematics data from PIV.
Sensor-Based Structural Health Monitoring for Marine and Offshore Structures
Authors: Wang Bo , Liu Meng-Lung , Chen Yong
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study is to develop the sensor-based structural health monitoring (SHM) system using a reduced order model (ROM) wherein a modal superposition method is implemented to reconstruct hull girder load distributions of the entire structure under wave-induced loads. Seakeeping and finite element (FE) analyses are performed to obtain the structural response for various wave conditions. A set of specific wave headings and frequencies is selected to construct base wave modes, and the structural response can be reconstructed under arbitrary wave loads. Case studies using a containership and an FPSO have been conducted to verify this new methodology.
Comprehensive Design Method for Open or Ducted Propellers for Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Kinnas Spyros A. , Cha Kyungjung , Kim Seungnam
Published: October 2021

A comprehensive method which determines the most efficient propeller blade shapes for a given axisymmetric hull to travel at a desired speed, is presented. A nonlinear optimization method is used to design the blade, the shape of which is defined by a 3-D B-spline polygon, with the coordinates of the B-spline control points being the parameters to be optimized for maximum propeller efficiency, for given effective wake and propeller thrust. The performance of the propeller within the optimization scheme is assessed by a vortex-lattice method (VLM). To account fully for the hull/propeller interaction, the effective wake to the propeller and the hull resistance are determined by analyzing the designed propeller geometry by the VLM, coupled with a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. The optimization method re-designs the optimum blade with the updated effective wake and propeller thrust (taken to be equal to the updated hull resistance), and the procedure continues until convergence of the propeller performance. The current approach does not require knowledge of the wake fraction or the thrust deduction factor, both of which must be estimated a priori in traditional propeller design. The method is applied for a given hull to travel at a desired speed, and the optimum blades are designed for various combinations of propeller diameter and RPM, in the case of open and ducted propellers with provided duct shapes. The effects of the propeller diameter and RPM on the designed propeller thrust, torque, propeller efficiency, and required power are presented and compared with each other in the case of open and ducted propellers. The present approach is shown to provide guidance on the design of propulsors for underwater vehicles, and is applicable to the design of propulsors for surface ships.
A Method of Automated Work Observation for Ship Production Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Shinoda Takeshi , Tanaka Takashi , Okamoto Hayato , Umemoto Daisuke
Published: October 2021

It is important to increase the productivity of every shipyard. Visualizing the actual work status during any industrial activity is essential. Work observation as one of the methods of industrial engineering has been applied in various fields in shipyards in Japan to increase productivity. However, current work observation requires both time and labor, and in some cases, shipyards hesitate to implement work observation. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology that uses deep neural networks to reduce the disadvantages of current work observation approaches while identifying work tasks and the accuracy of this observation.
Fundamentals of Marine Forensics
Authors: Smith Kenneth M. , Davis Gregory T. , Fields Catherine Renee
Published: October 2021

This paper serves as a guide to be employed by one not familiar with the marine forensic process to assist in completing a competent marine forensic investigation. It also provides the basic forensic processes with guidance so the inexperienced forensic investigator can complete his or her investigation, confident that the result will withstand the scrutiny the work will face as it is studied by peers or presented in the legal processes that may include trial
Numerical Study of Vortex Shedding behind a NACA 0009 Hydrofoil
Authors: Johannessen Hestetraeet
Published: October 2021

This paper addresses the propeller singing mitigation strategy of implementing an anti-singing edge so that the vortex shedding mechanism causing the excitation at the trailing edge of the propeller blade can be reduced. A Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes model with a k-ε turbulence formulation in 2D-flow was used to investigate the problem numerically. Simulations on a NACA 0009 hydrofoil with varying inflow velocity, angle of attack, and bevel angle were done. The content in this paper is a summary of the work done by the author during his MSc Individual Project at University College London (Johannessen, MSc thesis, 2020).
Bringing Big Data Technology to Wind Turbine Installation Vessels
Authors: Vanderheggen Kayo , Meredith Nate , Janssen Joost , Morandi Alberto
Published: October 2021

Digitalization is a key component of the ongoing Energy Transition. Although the offshore and maritime industries tend to be conservative in the adoption of new technologies, in recent years a digital journey was embraced to stay competitive, safe, and efficient. Data from mobile offshore units can be transformed into something valuable. However, collecting and processing of system’s data requires proper infrastructure, a software platform that handles data delivery and applications that translate the data into valuable information.

The challenge is therefore to turn good ideas and intentions into solutions that add real value. With this challenge in mind, in recent years GustoMSC | NOV worked on Big Data technology for wind turbine installation vessels (WTIVs). The purpose of this endeavor is to assist our end users in increasing the safety and efficiency of their operations.

This paper addresses some key aspects and components of this digital journey and shares experiences on merging Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) environments in an ongoing effort to fulfill the promise that Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technology brings. A practical example is presented where Big Data is used to boost the performance of mobile offshore wind installation units.
An Investigation of the Convergence of Average Peak Accelerations for High-Speed Planing Craft
Authors: Riley Michael R. , Murphy Heidi P. , Aron Brock W.
Published: October 2021

This paper summarizes the results of an investigation of the convergence of average peak accelerations as more and more peaks are recorded during rough-water trials of small high-speed craft. Existing guidance from multiple sources suggest that more peaks is better, but how much more, and what engineering rationale should substantiate the answer? To address the question, simplified equations and numerous examples of peak acceleration data sets are presented. The results demonstrate that convergence of the average of the highest 10 percent of peaks (A1/10), and the average of the highest 1 percent of peaks (A1/100), and the ratio means that the shape of the cumulative distribution of the data set becomes more stable as the number of peak acceleration data points increases. A simple percent difference criterion is presented for quantifying the stability of the cumulative distribution shape.
LiftShip
Authors: Bjorkner Erik Arthur
Published: October 2021

This paper describes the benefits of automating Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model generation and analysis in support of large complex structural lifting, handling, turning, and to present the FEA results in a clear and concise configuration for the stakeholders.
Conversion of a Commercial Working Vessel to a Minelayer
Authors: Waterman Kelli Michelle , Maxwell Nathan Ellis , Valcourt Matthew Thomas
Published: October 2021

The U.S. Navy Surface Fleet currently possesses no minelaying capability, instead relying on air and submarine assets. In the context of growing challenges to U.S. naval supremacy, this represents a significant strategic capability gap. Due to the asymmetric nature of mine warfare, the only feasible solution to close that gap must be cost-effective. This study develops a concept design for the conversion of a commercially available working boat to a minelayer in the form of an affordable, modular and rapidly scalable “bolt-on” system with flexible implementation to a variety of parent hulls and payload capacities.
Catamaran Sargassum Cleaning System “CSC Integrated System” Conceptual Engineering
Authors: Tovar Edgar
Published: October 2021

Since 2011, the Caribbean has been invaded by large banks of “sargassum,” which increase every year and have become an environmental threat and a health problem to those living in the extensive coastal areas affected. We identified different systems around the world dedicated to collecting floating marine debris. Most solutions are not suited to the magnitude and nature of the pollution caused by the sargassum. The limitations we observed are either the loading capacity or limitations in the disposal of the collected sargassum debris. A conceptual solution is proposed in this paper for further review, namely, the “CSC Integrated System”.
Software for Submarine Pipeline Free-Spanning Assessment and Evaluation
Authors: Gullaksen Joannes
Published: October 2021

Free-spanning pipelines is a phenomenon occurring on uneven seabed and scouring phenomena around the exposed pipeline. To study how free-spanning pipelines are affected from these phenomena, it is necessary to study environmental hydrodynamic flow conditions surrounding the pipeline, such as steady flow due to current, oscillatory flow due to waves and combined flow due to current and waves. Combined wave and current loading include the long-term current velocity distribution, short-term and long-term description of wave-induced flow velocity amplitude and period of oscillating flow at the pipe level and return period values. The bending stresses and associated fatigue life are determined from the given span length and boundary conditions accounting for bending due to self-weight and environmental loading from combined direct wave action and vortex induced vibrations (VIV). The fatigue damage is calculated and integrated over all selected directions, corresponding long-term sea-states and current. Fatigue life is calculated for the in-line response model, in-line force model and the cross-flow response model. The design fatigue life for the in-line mode is a combination of the response model and the force model. Peak dynamic stresses are found from the extreme wave and current conditions and are calculated for cross-flow and in-line response. The premises for this paper are based on application development within pipeline free span evaluation in a software development project based on DNVGL recommended practice, DNVGL-RP-F105. It provides a brief introduction to a software application used to calculate parameters addressing how free-spanning pipelines are affected considering stresses, damage and fatigue life.
LH2 Tanker Design Based on WIT Operating Model and CAPEX as Competitive Advantage
Authors: Uttmark Geoffrey F. , de Buys Roessingh Christoph William
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the concept and design of a tanker powered by, and carrying, liquid hydrogen (LH2). Beyond the realization of a complete reduction in carbon emissions, the concept is closely related to the authors’ proposal for a rethinking of ship operation with a substitution of Just-in-Time (JIT) by Warehouse-in-Transit (WIT). Ways to fund a LH2 tanker is also reviewed and suggested.
Offshore Mothership Design for Far-From-Shore Wind Farms
Authors: Aggarwal Shrey , Muk-Pavic Ema
Published: October 2021

Offshore Wind Energy has been one of the fastest-growing industries in Europe and the United Kingdom and is now gaining traction in other parts of the world too. To harvest the best winds and increase productivity, most of the new offshore projects such as the UK’s Round 3 allocations will be located much farther away from the shore, which is expected to pose major problems in Operation and Maintenance (O&M). So far, research focused on the maintenance strategies for large offshore wind farms shows that the use of an Offshore Mothership is a promising option for minimizing O&M expenditure. This paper presents a design of a Mothership tailored for one of the largest offshore wind farms in the world. Special consideration has been given to the ship’s layout and towards optimizing the payload to carry out a wide range of repairs.
Applying Reverse Engineering Principles on Analysis of Failures Occurred in Ship Production
Authors: Karahan Canberk , Helvacioglu Sebnem , Helvacioglu Ismail Hakki
Published: October 2021

In the current work, a new error evaluation methodology is introduced based on error analysis in ship production with reverse engineering data. The aim is to determine the errors and prevent or reduce the occurrence in other projects. First step is to compose a database of the errors; then, group the similar errors and calculate the Error Priority Number (EPN) by the evaluation of the predetermined criteria. The radar diagrams, which are suitable for representing a number of parameters having the same variables, were used to present the error groups in a simple way. The error groups were created on the diagram with the scores taken from the specific criteria. With the aid of the radar diagram, valuable information is given by presenting similarities and dissimilarities of these errors with other error groups. After examining the radar diagrams and evaluating the results, the cause and effect diagrams were prepared for these error groups from the field experts. Thus, the methodology should be customized for the shipyard to ensure maximum efficiency.