bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust Response to Futibatinib in a Patient With Metastatic FGFR-Addicted Cholangiocarcinoma Previously Treated Using Pemigatinib
Authors: Rengan Anil K. , Denlinger Crystal S.
Published: April 2022

Futibatinib is a novelFGFRinhibitor currently under investigation as a second-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma harboringFGFR2gene fusions and rearrangements. AsFGFR-targeted therapies move into the frontline setting, sequencing of these drugs remains undetermined. To date, no study has investigated the use of futibatinib in the context of pemigatinib resistance. We describe a 50-year-old woman with metastaticFGFR-aberrant intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who showed a robust response to futibatinib for 23.6 months, having previously benefited from pemigatinib. Futibatinib was safely used despite her history of decompensated cirrhosis and significant cytopenias. We observed a reduction in CA 19-9 level and a partial radiographic response on futibatinib. Serial next-generation sequencing and cell-free DNA testing proved crucial to making appropriate treatment decisions.
Evolución de los valores del patrimonio cultural
Authors: Pastor Pérez Ana , Díaz-Andreu Margarita
Published: April 2022

Heritage values are part of the discourses associated with cultural heritage management in various disciplines, such as Anthropology, Urban Planning, Geography, and Sociology. This article proposes how these values are shaped and how they have been transformed over time. We will discuss how heritage has shifted from static epistemic positions to more dynamic ones, emphasizing a reflection on the current participatory trend, in which society is the protagonist. The main values considered in this work are historical, aesthetic, natural, immaterial, social, and economic. We will place the reader in critical positions in order to invite her to reflect on the way in which academic experts should support this dynamism of heritage valorization through the democratization of our discourses.
Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness of COVID-19-Related Medical Products Exporters
Authors: Idris Zera Zuryana , Ismail Normaz Wana , Ibrahim Saifuzzaman
Published: April 2022

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic generated an upsurge in demand for medical products. Trade policy changes, including export restrictions and import reforms, have led to a shortage of medical products. The World Health Organization has recommended countries to encourage local production and identify various import sources for medical products to ensure sustainable healthcare capacity to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and any similar events in the future. This study aims to examine the comparative advantages and competitiveness in producing medical products among top exporters. The contribution of this study is the ability to identify various import sources specific to developing countries. From the exporter’s perspective, this study allows countries to recognize their existing competitive strengths in the medical products trade, allowing them to strategize and compete in the international markets of medical products. Using Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage index, this study analyzes 25 primary medical product exporters, identifying several countries with a comparative advantage in producing medical products. Medicines are primarily dominated by high-income countries, including Switzerland and Germany, whereas middle-income countries, such as China and Malaysia, are more specialized in medical supplies, medical equipment, and personal protective products. This finding provides a basis for policy formulation that can facilitate the process of building a sustainable healthcare capacity.
Sustainable Competitiveness: How Does Global Competitiveness Index Relate to Economic Performance Accompanied by the Sustainable Development?
Authors: Rajnoha Rastislav , Lesnikova Petra
Published: April 2022

The research under discussion remains whether higher competitiveness of a country brings higher economic performance and sustainable growth, e.g., in the V4 region. The objective of the paper is to provide the results of extensive research based on verified Eurostat data to explore this research challenge in the V4 countries during the period of 2007-2019. Simultaneously, the objective is to link the country’s economic performance (GDP) to urgent challenges of the contemporary world in the form of sustainability and life quality. In the paper, linear regression, multiple linear regression, and ANOVA were used. A significant impact of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) on the level of GDP, and the subsequent positive effect of GDP level on sustainability and life quality indicators has been demonstrated. Our research findings propose an unconventional sustainable competitiveness mechanism. The conclusion outlines the direction from improved competitiveness through higher economic performance reinforcing R&D expenditure and high-tech employment to better sustainability and well-being. Moreover, the research results bring initial empirical evidence of the functionality of the proposed mechanism in the V4 countries. Based on this, we can offer policymakers the key research findings pointing at the sustained economic growth accompanied by higher ecology, including life quality. At the same time, the drivers of this development are presented in more detail in our paper.
Innervation modulates the functional connectivity between pancreatic endocrine cells
Authors: Yang Yu Hsuan Carol , Briant Linford JB , Raab Christopher A , Mullapudi Sri Teja , Maischein Hans-Martin , Kawakami Koichi , Stainier Didier YR
Published: April 2022

The importance of pancreatic endocrine cell activity modulation by autonomic innervation has been debated. To investigate this question, we established an in vivo imaging model that also allows chronic and acute neuromodulation with genetic and optogenetic tools. Using the GCaMP6s biosensor together with endocrine cell fluorescent reporters, we imaged calcium dynamics simultaneously in multiple pancreatic islet cell types in live animals in control states and upon changes in innervation. We find that by 4 days post fertilization in zebrafish, a stage when islet architecture is reminiscent of that in adult rodents, prominent activity coupling between beta cells is present in basal glucose conditions. Furthermore, we show that both chronic and acute loss of nerve activity result in diminished beta–beta and alpha–beta activity coupling. Pancreatic nerves are in contact with all islet cell types, but predominantly with beta and delta cells. Surprisingly, a subset of delta cells with detectable peri-islet neural activity coupling had significantly higher homotypic coupling with other delta cells suggesting that some delta cells receive innervation that coordinates their output. Overall, these data show that innervation plays a vital role in the maintenance of homotypic and heterotypic cellular connectivity in pancreatic islets, a process critical for islet function.
DNA circles promote yeast ageing in part through stimulating the reorganization of nuclear pore complexes
Authors: Meinema Anne C , Marzelliusardottir Anna , Mirkovic Mihailo , Aspert Théo , Lee Sung Sik , Charvin Gilles , Barral Yves
Published: April 2022

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates nearly all exchanges between nucleus and cytoplasm, and in many species, it changes composition as the organism ages. However, how these changes arise and whether they contribute themselves to ageing is poorly understood. We show that SAGA-dependent attachment of DNA circles to NPCs in replicatively ageing yeast cells causes NPCs to lose their nuclear basket and cytoplasmic complexes. These NPCs were not recognized as defective by the NPC quality control machinery (SINC) and not targeted by ESCRTs. They interacted normally or more effectively with protein import and export factors but specifically lost mRNA export factors. Acetylation of Nup60 drove the displacement of basket and cytoplasmic complexes from circle-bound NPCs. Mutations preventing this remodeling extended the replicative lifespan of the cells. Thus, our data suggest that the anchorage of accumulating circles locks NPCs in a specialized state and that this process is intrinsically linked to the mechanisms by which ERCs promote ageing.
Precise in vivo functional analysis of DNA variants with base editing using ACEofBASEs target prediction
Authors: Cornean Alex , Gierten Jakob , Welz Bettina , Mateo Juan Luis , Thumberger Thomas , Wittbrodt Joachim
Published: April 2022

Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are prevalent genetic factors shaping individual trait profiles and disease susceptibility. The recent development and optimizations of base editors, rubber and pencil genome editing tools now promise to enable direct functional assessment of SNVs in model organisms. However, the lack of bioinformatic tools aiding target prediction limits the application of base editing in vivo. Here, we provide a framework for adenine and cytosine base editing in medaka (Oryzias latipes) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), ideal for scalable validation studies. We developed an online base editing tool ACEofBASEs (a careful evaluation of base-edits), to facilitate decision-making by streamlining sgRNA design and performing off-target evaluation. We used state-of-the-art adenine (ABE) and cytosine base editors (CBE) in medaka and zebrafish to edit eye pigmentation genes and transgenic GFP function with high efficiencies. Base editing in the genes encoding troponin T and the potassium channel ERG faithfully recreated known cardiac phenotypes. Deep-sequencing of alleles revealed the abundance of intended edits in comparison to low levels of insertion or deletion (indel) events for ABE8e and evoBE4max. We finally validated missense mutations in novel candidate genes of congenital heart disease (CHD) dapk3, ube2b, usp44, and ptpn11 in F0 and F1 for a subset of these target genes with genotype-phenotype correlation. This base editing framework applies to a wide range of SNV-susceptible traits accessible in fish, facilitating straight-forward candidate validation and prioritization for detailed mechanistic downstream studies.
Combining biomedical knowledge graphs and text to improve predictions for drug-target interactions and drug-indications
Authors: Alshahrani Mona , Almansour Abdullah , Alkhaldi Asma , Thafar Maha A. , Uludag Mahmut , Essack Magbubah , Hoehndorf Robert
Published: April 2022

Biomedical knowledge is represented in structured databases and published in biomedical literature, and different computational approaches have been developed to exploit each type of information in predictive models. However, the information in structured databases and literature is often complementary. We developed a machine learning method that combines information from literature and databases to predict drug targets and indications. To effectively utilize information in published literature, we integrate knowledge graphs and published literature using named entity recognition and normalization before applying a machine learning model that utilizes the combination of graph and literature. We then use supervised machine learning to show the effects of combining features from biomedical knowledge and published literature on the prediction of drug targets and drug indications. We demonstrate that our approach using datasets for drug-target interactions and drug indications is scalable to large graphs and can be used to improve the ranking of targets and indications by exploiting features from either structure or unstructured information alone.
Diagnostics of tissue involved injury occurrence of top-level judokas during the competition: suggestion for prevention
Authors: Blach Wieslaw , Smolders Peter , Simenko Jozef , Mackala Krzysztof
Published: April 2022

Background

Judo, as a high-intensity contact sport, may lead to the occurrence of injuries, especially in competitions. This work aims to assess the likelihood of soft and hard tissue injuries in top-level judokas during competition with defining factors that determine the probability of injury occurrence.

Methods

The injuries that occurred in 123 official international competitions from 2005–2019 were recorded by the European Judo Union (EJU) Medical Commission as a survey that was a part of the EJU Injury Registration form with internal consistency shown by a Crombach Alpha of 0.69. This survey data identified factors such as: sex, anatomical localisation of injury, type of injury, tissue involved and mechanisms of the injury. A total of 650 tissue injuries were reported correctly in terms of tissue injury definition.

Results

The most frequent soft tissue injury (STI) reported was a ligament STI (48.15%), closely followed by skin STI (12.15%) and muscles STI (11.38%). In turn, the most frequent hard tissue injury occurred in bones (8.56%). The highest rates of injuries occurred during the fight in the standing position (78%). Injuries in the standing position mainly occurred while executing a throw (25.85%) and followed by the attempt to throw, i.e., the action of reaching the throwing position (22.30%), grip fighting (15.07%), and during falls (14.77%). Opposite to this, fight in groundwork reached only 18.30% soft and hard tissue injuries combined. The ongoing registration of injuries during judo combat and training and the early diagnosis of risk factors for injuries are the basis for the development of effective strategies for injury prevention and further treatment.
An Economic Analysis of the Cost Structure and Constraints of Maize Cultivation in Hyderabad-Karnataka Region
Authors: Basavaraj P. M. , Tevari Prabhuling , Sidram B. Y.
Published: April 2022

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most versatile emerging crops, with a wide range of adaptation under a multitude of agro-climatic conditions. It is primarily a kharif crop (the kharif cropping season is also called as fall harvest season and is from July to October during the south-west monsoon in Indian subcontinent), with 85 per cent of the area under cultivation during kharif season. After rice and wheat, maize is India's third most important cereal crop. The current study attempts to analyze the cost and return structure of the maize crop in Koppal district of Karnataka state, as well as the marketing costs incurred by 120 maize respondent farmers and the constraints coupled with maize production and marketing. The study concluded that large farmers have incurred higher costs in all the inputs such as seed, farm yard manure (henceforth FYM), fertilizer, plant protection chemicals (henceforth PPCs), human labour and machine labour. For cultural operations, both medium and large agriculture depends on machine labour rather than bullock power. Transportation and packing costs were higher in all farmer categories. The transportation cost varied according to the quantity of produce and the distance between the regulated market and the study area. The maize respondents said that erratic rainfall behaviour was a major production constraint (90.0%), whereas lack of news dissemination was a major marketing constraint, ranking first with 85 per cent.
Status of National Greening Program (NGP) Implementation in Barangay San Antonio, Biri, Northern Samar
Authors: L. Saludario Daryl , Nicol Ogoc Myrna
Published: April 2022

This descriptive study determined the status of the National Greening Program (NGP) implementation of mangrove reforestation in Barangay San Antonio, Biri, Northern Samar.

Self made questionnaire was the main tool in gathering information. The respondents were the randomly sampled residents, completely enumerated members of the Peoples Organization (PO), the barangay' officials, and the DENR personnel in charge in the implementation of the project. Focus group discussion was conducted to validate the responses to the questionnaire.

The implementation of the NGP mangrove reforestation was perceived as moderately implemented. Poor site selection, poor understanding and appreciation of mangroves, and conflicting interest/uses were the identified problems. Other problems include: illegal cutting of mangroves, illegal fishing, removing of newly planted propagules, and conflicts between members and officers.

It is recommended: to conduct a seminar to make the residents understand the uses and importance of mangroves and encourage the community to participate in the seminar or any awareness raising activity; for the DENR to have an accurate survey in finding suitable location for mangrove reforestation, intervene in the breakdown of the project payment to avoid conflict between officers and members with a clearer guidelines and policies; for the DENR and the local government unit to enforce the laws/ordinances on illegal fishing; to present the findings of this study to the DENR; and conduct similar studies in other areas in the province that implemented the NGP for comparison.
Pre-service High School Mathematics Teachers' Cognition of the Implementation of Mathematical Operation Literacy
Authors: Sun Haojie , Yang Zezhong
Published: April 2022

After the reform of mathematics in the new curriculum, the educational issue of mathematical operation literacy has attracted increasing attention from all walks of life. The core goal of current mathematics education is the cultivation of mathematical operations literacy for middle school students. The measures to implement mathematical operation literacy have become a research hotspot. This paper hopes to provide theoretical basis and learning suggestions for teachers to further develop logical reasoning literacy in learning by analyzing the research findings of pre-service high school mathematics teachers' understanding of logical reasoning literacy. 51 postgraduates majoring in education in a university were taken as the survey object and an open-ended interview method was used to investigate their cognition of the implementation of mathematical operation literacy. It is found that the current pre-service high school mathematics teachers: 1. The cognition on the implementation of mathematical operation literacy focuses on "skills and repeated practice"; 2. The cognition of the implementation of mathematical operation literacy is not comprehensive. The degree of realization of cognitive aspects in the implementation of mathematical operation literacy has not reached half of the implementation measures proposed by predecessors; 3. The cognition of the implementation of mathematical operation literacy is not very consistent with the implementation measures proposed by predecessors. Although there is a certain degree of overlap between the two, the coincidence ratio is low. The suggestions put forward by pre-service high school mathematics teachers are narrow in scope and need to be further explored and considered.
Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Examination Malpractice at the College of Distance Education University of Cape Coast, Ghana
Authors: Dorsah Emmanuel , Senyametor Felix , Arhin Vera , Kumedzro Felix Kwame
Published: April 2022

Examination malpractice and its implications to education have become a global menace that researchers are trying to find solutions to curb over the decades. This study, therefore, aimed at  examining stakeholders'(students, Regional Coordinators (RCs), and Examination Unit staff) perceptions of examination malpractice at the College of Distance Education (CoDE) of the University of Cape Coast. The descriptive design was used for the study. A sample size of 259 respondents which comprises three Regional Coordinators, four staff of the CoDE examination Unit, and 252 students were selected from an accessible population of 3,102. The multistage and purposive sampling techniques were employed to select respondents across the selected study centers. A self-developed questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide were used to collect data from students and the other stakeholders. The findings of the study revealed that the majority (148) representing 58.7% of students perceived examination malpractice to be a common practice among students although unethical and wrong, whereas 124 (49.2%) of students indicated that examination malpractice was a wrongful act. The study therefore, concluded that the management of CoDE should make course modules readily available to students on time, and should severely punish culprits to deter other students from engaging in examination malpractices.
Accessing Healthcare Services during Lockdown in an African Semi-urban Community: Influence of the Knowledge of COVID-19
Authors: Sanni Felix Olaniyi , Abiodun Paul Olaiya , Ayosanmi Oluwasola Stephen , Sanni Abike Elizabeth , Igbinovia Friday Iyabosa , Karimu Oriyomi Nimotalai , Oyewande Azeezat Abimbola , Dada Michael Ogunmola , Gwa Zachary Terna , Daniel Olaniran Olakunle , Udah Chidinma , Afelumo Olaide Lateef , Tomori Michael Olabode , Ariyo Abimbola Oluseyi , Ochonye Bartholomew Boniface , Okwose Innocent , Conteh Ishata
Published: April 2022

Aim: Since the covid-19 pandemic began, prevention and treatment services for non-communicable diseases have been significantly interrupted. This study assessed the influence of COVID-19 knowledge on using healthcare services during the lockdown in Nigeria.

Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted in Ado-Odo Ota, local government areas, Ogun State, Nigeria using a structured questionnaire between January and February 2021. A multistage probability sampling technique was employed to collect data from 383 adults aged 20 – 60 years and the data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0.

Results: Although all respondents (100.0%) have heard of COVID-19, only 52.2% believed it was real. The respondents displayed poor overall knowledge of COVID-19 as only 32.1% were knowledgeable about it. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, 44.9% said they visited hospitals for treatment compared to 16.2% during the lockdown. The reasons for not using hospitals include the fear of taking a COVID-19 patient (38.4%) and buying medicines from pharmacies (33.9%). Those who used herbs constituted 20.6%, 15.4% could not afford service charges, 12.0% would pray or use spiritual materials instead, and 7.3% were afraid of being infected with the disease. Only 17.9% of those knowledgeable about COVID-19 would go to the hospital during the lockdown.

Conclusion: Healthcare workers and the masses should be adequately trained on healthcare management during pandemics to avoid misconceptions about COVID-19. This will help improve access to healthcare services and promote wellbeing among the low-resource setting populations.
A Cost-efficient Real-time Security Surveillance System Based on Facial Recognition Using Raspberry Pi and OpenCV
Authors: Ijaradar Jyotirmaya , Xu Jinjing
Published: April 2022

Home surveillance systems are still challenging, particularly for patrolling or tracking subjects through CCTV images despite recent developments. Therefore, it is crucial to instantly identify human faces based on captured facial images in protection and surveillance. Identification of people, intrusion detection, and follow up access control of objective sites are examples of applications of such systems. This paper represented a cost-efficient real-time facial recognition-based surveillance system for home and small offices using raspberry pi and computer vision. In the application, first, the system tracks the detected individuals' faces in the frame and only focuses on the image content in these facial regions. Then, a powerful algorithm for recognising detected faces is used using a pre-provided face database. For the implementation in this paper, the most common Haar Cascade and Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH) algorithms are used for facial detection and recognition. The system works perfectly in normal lighting conditions with accepted accuracy.
Dramatizing Chemical Bonding Concepts towards Correcting Students’ Misconceptions in Senior Secondary Schools in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Inibehe Sunday Etokeren , Nateinyin Joy Akporehwe
Published: April 2022

Aims: Chemical bonding is a fundamentalconcept which provide essential information for interpretation of chemical reactions and understanding of related concepts in chemistry. This relevance notwithstanding, the general perception of most students is that chemical bonding,  as a topic is very difficult to understand. This study therefore, is an attempt to correct students’ misconceptions about chemical bonding in Rivers State, Nigeria using drama teaching strategy, with a view to addressing the issue.

Study Design: Mixed method design was adopted.

Place and Duration of Study: Science Education Department, Faculty of Education, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study lasted about four months from June to October 2021.

Methodology: The sample comprised 170 SS2 chemistry students. The instruments were Chemical Bonding Diagnostic Test with reliability coefficient of 0.98 and Interview Schedule. Percentages and graphs were used to answer research questions and hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance using Analysis of Covariance.

Results: Results of the study revealed a remarkable reduction in the high extents of students’ misconceptions about chemical bonding on teaching with drama strategy while the misconceptions of students taught with lecture method persisted at a high extent; This implies that, drama teaching strategy is useful in correcting students’ misconceptions about chemical bonding while lecture teaching method is not. A significant difference in misconceptions of students taught chemical bonding with drama and those with lecture method was obtained. Also, there was significant gender related difference in students’ misconceptions about chemical bonding.

Conclusion: Drama teaching strategy is effective in correcting students’ misconceptions about chemical bonding and other related concepts. Also, there is gender related difference in misconceptions based on gender.
Invasive Insects Outbreaks in India during the 21st Century-threat and Management
Authors: Kamboj Rajan , Rao Naveen , Singh Khushkaran
Published: April 2022

The word “Exotic” is developed from the Greek and Latin word meaning “not of a native species, or “alien species”. Alien arthropods threaten human health, threaten, food security, endanger valued species and disrupt ecosystem functions. The accelerating pace of commercialization and globalization creates opportunities for the movement of species to new areas of the world. Economic liberalisation has accelerated the movement of goods across borders and geographic obstacles without minimal quarantine, increasing the risk of exotic pest introduction into agroecosystems. Invasive Alien Species (IAS) are often regarded as one of the most serious dangers to the country's ecological and economic health. These species have a huge impact on biodiversity and natural agriculture systems, which are both extremely valuable. Pest invasions have lately been identified as a significant source of biodiversity loss. Preventing exotic species invasions is one of the most effective ways to limit the chance of invasion, but this requires recognising potential invasive species ahead of time.
Land use Land Cover Classification of Burhner River Watershed Using Remote Sensing and GIS Technique
Authors: Himanshu Rao J. , Sharma S. K. , Awasthi M. K. , Pyasi S. K. , Pandey S. K.
Published: April 2022

Information on Land Use Land Cover (LULC) pattern is very important for developing management strategies for land use planning. Remotely sensed satellite data has proved to be an unmatched source of information that can deliver LULC information with good accuracy especially in regions where acquiring LULC information through intensive ground surveys seems to be impractical. The present study aims at performing LULC classification of Burhner river watershed situated in Mandla, Balaghat and Dindori districts of Madhya Pradesh, India by adopting unsupervised classification. It also discusses merits and demerits of using unsupervised classification for a high resolution satellite image along with key factors responsible for using it. Sentinel-2B satellite imagery with spatial resolution of 10 m was used in the present investigation. A total number of 6 LULC classes were identified in the study area namely agricultural land, fallow/open land, forest, habitation, wasteland and waterbodies using ERDAS IMAGINE® 2011. Accuracy assessment of the LULC classified image from reference (ground truth) data using error matrix revealed an overall accuracy of 95.72% with kappa coefficient of 0.94. Furthermore, the error matrix also aided in computing classified image producer’s and user’s accuracy which were under acceptable limits. The LULC statistics of study area indicated that highest area is covered by forest (53.01%), followed by fallow/open land (24%), agricultural land (19.44%) and least area is covered by waterbodies (1.38%) and habitation (0.19%). A major portion of study area under fallow/open land category pointed that underutilized land resource potential exist in watershed. Such land can be further utilized for crop production and plantation purposes in order to maximize output from the available natural resources in a sustainable manner.
Assessment of Bacteriological and Antibiogram of Uropathogens among Students in the Faculty of Health Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri
Authors: Enwerem Chibuenyim Maxwell , Dike- Ndudim Joy Nkeiruka , Ndubueze Chizaram Winners
Published: April 2022

The  Assessment of bacteriological and antibiogram of uropathogens among students in the faculty of Health Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri with the aim to determine the prevalence of the isolates and to test which antibiotic has the greatest antagonistic activity against the different isolates in the study area. Fifty (50) students made up of both sexes were examined using their midstream urine samples as specimen. The study took note of the students’ age, sex and department. The urine samples were cultured on Nutrient agar, Mannitol salt agar, and MacConkey agar using pour plate method and were incubated at 37oC for 24 hours.  After which the total bacterial counts were carried out and based on the count, it was categorized as being significant, suspected and non-significant. The colonies were then sub cultured for further identification. The pure isolates produced were stained using Gram stain, examined microscopically and further tested using relevant biochemical tests. It was found that a total of 35 bacteria were isolated which includes E.coli 14(40%) being the most predominant organism, followed by Staphylococus aureus 13(37.1%), Proteus mirabilis 7(20%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1(2.9). Out of the fifty (50) urine samples investigated, 24 samples were significant for UTI (105 CFU/ml), 2 samples were suspected for UTI (102 – 104 CFU/ml), while 24 were not significant for UTI (below 102CFU/ml). Based on departmental studies, the subjects from the Department of Nutrition and Diatetics and Optometry had the highest significance of UTI, (60%) respectively. The results of susceptibility tests showed that Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic in inhibiting the bacterial growth (98.8% of antibiotic activity). The present study therefore, revealed that the urine samples collected from students in Faculty of Health sciences, Imo State University, Owerri had significant UTI and most of the isolates (98.8%) were sensitivity to Imipenem. UTI testing should be conducted periodically, and those who are infected should be treated with antibiotics like Imipenem to avoid complications. New antimicrobials and therapeutic agents with great efficacy, no side effects, ease of availability, and low cost should also be created. In order to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic medication should be started following a laboratory culture and sensitivity report. This would not only aid in the prudent use of antibiotics, but it would also help to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistant strains in the research region and the general community.
The Current Situation of School Health in China
Authors: Yang Jing , Jiao Wenyan , Yang Jin , Gao Qian
Published: April 2022

China is socialist country,has the largest population in the world and the largest number of children in the world. As a socialist country, China has made many contributions to children's health care, especially children's school health, since liberation, great changes have taken place, and the government has invested a lot！ This article reviews the government's investment, work and achievements in school health since China's liberation.The above all lead to physical health problems of a variety of reasons, on the whole, a society that during the rapid development and changing, some of the reasones is the inevitable. Outcome of the modern can't deserve it, such as living environment, transportation, family structure, such as cannot be restored to its previous state, but there are many reasons can be through the efforts of the society and human oneself to control or eliminate, such as unreasonable diet, unhealthy habits overweight study pressure, improper physical education, etc. In fact, of course, closely rely on the educational intervention is not enough, because the cause of adolescent physical health problems, its formation is a complex social background, has a long history, has a profound historical and cultural origins, some concomitant with the modernization, is facing the rapid advance of modernization, the entire Chinese society off guard, don't have enough ideas and material preparation. Therefore, to solve the current adolescent health problems is a long-term and difficult, we must mobilize the whole society to work together as a systematic project.
Perceptions of Parents about Online Learning and Physical Activities of their Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rehan Qurratulain , Shiraz Maria , Toosy Mazna , Khan Shahzaman , Qaisar Shahzada , Khan Alamgir , Zafar Iqbal Butt Muhammad
Published: April 2022

The present study aimed to assess the perceptions of parents about online learning and physical activity of their children. A qualitative study was undertaken to determine the perceptions of parents about online learning during COVID-19 to get a deep insight into real-life experiences. Open-ended questionnaires were administered online to forty-five parents who could be accessed easily and had children studying in Grades 1-3. The major themes that emerged from the data analysis included the following: increased monitoring role of parents, need of IT skills, provision of additional support from schools, challenging nature of online learning and sedentary behavior of their children. With a purpose of understanding perception of parents and their viewpoints about online learning, it was deduced that parents initially had to face many challenges but soon adjusted well with the new method of teaching as it was the need of hour during COVID-19 Pandemic.
A Practice-based Methodology on Conducting a Collaborative Scoping Review with PRISMA-ScR Model for the Separated Refugee Youth Project
Authors: Alamgir A K M , Nudel Serena , Abojedi Amjed
Published: April 2022

Considering the novelty of the area of a 2-year study on impact of family loss and separation on refugee youth in Toronto, the research team decided to conduct a scoping review of the existing literature as a foundation document that included the extent, range, geography, and nature of research on the topic of interest.

A collaborative co-design approach for this review bought in wisdom from relevant stakeholders. Arksey and O’Malley’s framework was modified for this scoping review that substantively identified the extent and magnitude of past research, research gaps, and best practice models for conducting such exploratory research on novel ideas. This framework yielded desired output, such as selection and characteristics of sources of evidence, critical appraisal within sources of evidence, and synthesis of results for the next steps of the research. Prudent researchers and professionals in this area of research, service provider agencies, and a university librarian were consulted. The PRISMA-ScR model saved time and ensured the appropriate yield of the search items. The quality of the review process was evaluated by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Qualitative Studies Checklist tool.

This article displays a practical example of how the scoping review process was instrumental in a community-based research project with separated refugee youth to generate the foundational evidence for broader research. This quality-embedded process of collecting and charting data for a scoping review is transferable to similar research initiatives. The flexibility and reproducibility of this review method are commendable.
Feasibility of Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheotomy in Head and Neck Cancer Surgery: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lee Hyun Jin , Park Yesai , Kim Rip , Kang Sung-Hee , Nam Inn-chul
Published: April 2022

Objective

Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) is a technique that can place a tracheostomy tube safely without visually identifying the trachea. We evaluated its feasibility during head and neck cancer surgery.

Summary of background data

PDT has many advantages, such as less bleeding, easier technique, and shorter procedural time.

Methods

Twelve patients who underwent PDT during head and neck cancer surgery from September 2016 to March 2018 were enrolled, and their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Medical records of another 12 patients who underwent conventional tracheostomy during head and neck cancer surgery were analyzed. PDT was performed using a Ciaglia Percutaneous Tracheostomy Set. The tracheostomy point was determined by palpation without the guidance of bronchoscopy or ultrasonography. Blood loss, procedural time, communication between the cervical wound and tracheostomy wound, and complications were compared between the PDT group and the conventional group.

Results

The PDT group had less blood loss, a shorter procedural time, and a lower incidence of communication between the cervical and tracheostomy wound. There was 1 case of conversion to conventional tracheostomy due to wrong tracheal penetration in the PDT group.

Conclusions

PDT is safe and effective as an adjunctive procedure during head and neck cancer surgery.
Discovering the King’s wall
Authors: Dalland Magnar , Carter Stephen , Cross Morag , Dixon Dianne , Holmes Nicholas , Lancaster Stephen , Smith Catherine , Timpany Scott
Published: April 2022

This report details the discovery of a late medieval building and the remains of extensive walls running along the north side of Cowgate (NGR: NT 25851 73489), excavated in advance of a housing development. The wall remains were dated to the late 14th century and are believed to have been part of Edinburgh’s early town defences. Edinburgh’s medieval town wall is referred to as the ‘King’s wall’ and is linked to a James II charter of 1450. However, there are references to the King’s wall in property documents as early as 1427, indicating that a town wall had been built prior to the charter of 1450. The remains uncovered at Cowgate are likely to be part of this early town wall. It was replaced by more substantial mortared buildings at the beginning of the 17th century.
development of Candlemaker Row, Edinburgh, from the 11th to the 20th centuries
Authors: Franklin Julie , Cross Morag , Mighall Timothy M , Haston Sarah-Jane , Smith Catherine , Morrison Stuart , Holden Tim
Published: April 2022

Archaeological excavations and historic-building recording at the site of Greyfriars Kirkhouse, Candlemaker Row, Edinburgh (NGR: NT 25556 73371), provided a rare opportunity to investigate the history of an area within Edinburgh's Old Town. Evidence was found for unexpectedly early activity on the site from the 11th or 12th century onwards. The nature of early activity is enigmatic but the area appears to have been largely rural, at the confluence of two major cattle-droving routes into the town. Urban development came in the late 15th century, with the division of the land into burgage-plots and construction of a tenement, at which point the area seems to have been occupied by merchants and burgesses. The late 18th and early 19th centuries saw the redevelopment of the site and evidence for the use of the area as a brass foundry.
The effect of autistic behaviors on evaluations of deception and credibility in everyday social situations
Authors: Lim Alliyza , Young Robyn L. , Brewer Neil
Published: April 2022

Behaviors such as gaze aversion and repetitive movements are commonly believed to be signs of deception and low credibility; however, they may also be characteristic of individuals with developmental or mental health conditions. We examined the effect of five behaviors that are common among autistic individuals—gaze aversion, repetitive movements, misinterpretation of figurative language, monologues, and flat affect—on observers' evaluations of deception and credibility. This study focused on judgments made in everyday social situations which contrasts with most previous studies which have examined such judgments in contexts (e.g., legal proceedings) where they are of primary importance. In three experiments, we presented participants with video segments of individuals being interviewed about biographical information and participants then indicated their perception of the individuals' truthfulness and credibility. Overall, individuals were perceived as more deceptive and less credible when they displayed autistic behaviors than when they did not; however, the effect sizes detected were weak.
A PMNN‐PZT Piezoceramic Based Magneto‐Mechano‐Electric Coupled Energy Harvester
Authors: Yu Zhonghui , Yang Jikun , Cao Jiawei , Bian Lang , Li Zhanmiao , Yuan Xiaoting , Wang Zehuan , Li Qunyang , Dong Shuxiang
Published: April 2022

It is desired to obtain a piezoceramic with a high piezoelectric coefficient and low dielectric loss simultaneously for energy harvester application. Herein, it is reported that the 0.025Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.525Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.135PbZrO3‐0.315PbTiO3 (PMNN‐PZT) ceramic exhibits superior piezoelectric charge parameter e33 of 37.74 pC m−2 and low dielectric loss tanδ of 0.45%. Furthermore, a PMNN‐PZT ceramic‐based magneto‐mechano‐electric coupled energy harvester (MMEC‐EH) with a varying‐stiffness cantilever is designed and fabricated, which shows the strong self‐resonance effect in response to a random, transient impulse vibration or magnetic field stimulus. The investigations show that under a 0.6 s pulse vibration stimulus, the MMEC‐EH can tune itself into self‐resonance damping oscillation lasting for six seconds at its resonance frequency of 16 Hz, and the produced maximum power is 1.96 mWRMS. Under both weak magnetic field and force‐field dual‐stimulus (Hac = 0.5 Oe and a =  0.05 g), the generated power density is about 60 mWRMS Oe−2g−2cm−3, which is one to two orders of magnitude higher than those previously reported MMEC‐EHs. Finally, the MMEC‐EH is successfully demonstrated to power temperature/humidity sensors, indicating its potential for harvesting both weak vibration and magnetic field energy from environments for self‐powered sensor application.
Tuning Polymer Hydrophilicity to Regulate Gel Mechanics and Encapsulated Cell Morphology
Authors: Navarro Renato S. , Huang Michelle S. , Roth Julien G. , Hubka Kelsea M. , Long Chris M. , Enejder Annika , Heilshorn Sarah C.
Published: April 2022

Mechanically tunable hydrogels are attractive platforms for 3D cell culture, as hydrogel stiffness plays an important role in cell behavior. Traditionally, hydrogel stiffness has been controlled through altering either the polymer concentration or the stoichiometry between crosslinker reactive groups. Here, an alternative strategy based upon tuning the hydrophilicity of an elastin‐like protein (ELP) is presented. ELPs undergo a phase transition that leads to protein aggregation at increasing temperatures. It is hypothesized that increasing this transition temperature through bioconjugation with azide‐containing molecules of increasing hydrophilicity will allow direct control of the resulting gel stiffness by making the crosslinking groups more accessible. These azide‐modified ELPs are crosslinked into hydrogels with bicyclononyne‐modified hyaluronic acid (HA‐BCN) using bioorthogonal, click chemistry, resulting in hydrogels with tunable storage moduli (100–1000 Pa). Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) are all observed to alter their cell morphology when encapsulated within hydrogels of varying stiffness. Taken together, the use of protein hydrophilicity as a lever to tune hydrogel mechanical properties is demonstrated. These hydrogels have tunable moduli over a stiffness range relevant to soft tissues, support the viability of encapsulated cells, and modify cell spreading as a consequence of gel stiffness.
Mechanical, Elastic, and Adhesive Properties of Two‐Dimensional Materials: From Straining Techniques to State‐of‐the‐Art Local Probe Measurements
Authors: Di Giorgio Cinzia , Blundo Elena , Pettinari Giorgio , Felici Marco , Bobba Fabrizio , Polimeni Antonio
Published: April 2022

2D materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are intrinsically flexible, can withstand very large strains (>10% lattice deformations), and their optoelectronic properties display a clear and distinctive response to an applied stress. As such, they are uniquely positioned both for the investigation of the effects of mechanical deformations on solid‐state systems and for the exploitation of these effects in innovative devices. For example, 2D materials can be easily employed to transduce nanometric mechanical deformations into, e.g., clearly detectable electrical signals, thus enabling the fabrication of high‐performance sensors; just as easily, however, external stresses can be used as a “knob” to dynamically control the properties of 2D materials, thereby leading to the realization of strain‐tuneable, fully reconfigurable devices. Here, the main methods are reviewed to induce and characterize, at the nm level, mechanical deformations in 2D materials. After presenting the latest results concerning the mechanical, elastic, and adhesive properties of these unique systems, one of their most promising applications is briefly discussed: the realization of nano‐electromechanical systems based on vibrating 2D membranes, potentially capable of operating at high frequencies (>100 MHz) and over a large dynamic range.
Self‐Assembly of Adjustable Micropatterned Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide on Porous Polymeric Surfaces
Authors: Wang Feihu , Huang Hao , Yaniv Karin , Kushmaro Ariel , Bernstein Roy
Published: April 2022

The breath figure (BF) method is a simple technique for fabricating micropatterned surfaces but has been rarely studied using graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO). Additionally, fabrication of GO or rGO micropatterned (MPGO or MPrGO) by the BF method focuses on smooth and dense inorganic substrates, and the investigation of adjusting the MPGO morphology has been limited. This research systematically studies self‐assembly of MPGO and MPrGO on the surface of two model porous polymers by the BF method and explores its potential applications for surface modification. It is found that the size range of the MPGO is 1–50 µm and that the structures can be adjusted by changing the process parameters. Specifically, under specific conditions, a uniform honeycomb MPGO is obtained. Surface characteristics demonstrate that the unique MPGO morphology alters the surface water contact‐angle from ≈65° to ≈100° and that MPrGO decreases the surface resistivity to 1–5 kΩ cm−2. Additionally, MPGO coating on a microfiltration membrane gives it a much greater permeability than GO coating without micropatterned morphology and antibiofilm properties. Overall, this study shows that MPGO and MPrGO with adjustable morphologies are easily obtained on polymeric surfaces, thus altering the surface properties and giving the polymers various potential applications.