bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mission to observe oceans proposed
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Most serious of the obstacles to understanding ocean circulation is the ‘absence of any widespread means for observing it,’ according to the recent report of the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX) Science Working Group. To overcome this hurdle, the panel recommends a 5‐year satellite altimetry experiment to measure the ocean's topography. Aim of the experiment would be to yield a global view of ocean dynamics. A better estimate of the geoid—vital to many geophysicists—would result from TOPEX, the group said. A better understanding of ocean circulation would also aid commerce and shipping, fishing, national defense, and weather prediction. In addition, it could help to evaluate ocean disposal of radioactive wastes.
Reagan names new science advisor
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

On May 19th the White House announced that Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) physicist George Keyworth had been chosen for the position of science advisor to President Reagan. Evidently, Keyworth was selected after several other candidates, mostly from industry, had been eliminated from the running. The position of science advisor to President Reagan has been controversial. White House staff memoranda released over the past few months gave hints of the Administration's not wanting to fill the post vacated by geophysicist Frank Press. The ‘corporate board structure’ planned for the new administration simply did not have a logical place for a scientist with access to the President. After widespread outcries from the scientific community, the decision to eliminate the post of science advisor was reversed, followed by a quick search for a suitable candidate.
GAO: Water monitoring needs improvement
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Better monitoring techniques are needed to assess the quality of rivers and streams, according to a recent report to Congress by the General Accounting Office (GAO). Water samples are taken too infrequently, GAO says, and stations are placed too far apart ‘to deal with the complex nature of water quality.’

‘Accurate, reliable data on the actual condition of the nation's rivers and streams are necessary for sound environmental planning and management,’ writes Milton J. Socolar, acting comptroller general of the United States, in the cover letter that accompanies the report. ‘Existing national water‐quality monitoring networks operated by the Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] and the U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] … do not provide the type or quality of data needed.’
He/Ar ratio: Earthquake harbinger
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Helium and argon, squeezed out of the earth through fissures by deep internal pressures, may signal an imminent earthquake. There has been little evidence, however, directly linking stress with gas emissions. Ryuichi Sugisaki of the earth sciences department at Nagoya University in Japan reports in the June 12 Science that the variations of the He/Ar ratio of gas bubbles in a mineral spring coincide with underground stresses caused by the earth tide.

‘A comparison of the variation of strain in the ground resulting from the earth tide with the observed fluctuation of the ratio shows a good correlation,’ Sugisaki wrote. In addition, he says that the ratio fluctuation is more closely tied to the tidal strain than to atmospheric pressure or temperature.
Continental rifting: Progress and outlook
Authors: Baker Brian H. , Morgan Paul
Published: October 2011

Increased research activity on continental rifts has led to a flood of new data in the last 15 years, but there is little consensus about the basic mechanisms and causes of rifting. The well‐known association of taphrogenic features—doming, faulting, and volcanism—is widely regarded as the result of asthenosphere convection and lithosphere thinning. This concept is supported by observations of long‐wavelength negative Bouguer anomalies, and of subnormal Pn velocities in the upper mantle, resulting from convective mass and heat transfer into the base of the lithosphere. Doming, and in some instances faulting, is the result of isostatic adjustment to the resulting expansion. The crust of rifts is abnormally thin (70–80% of normal) and contains high‐density rocks assumed to be primarily intrusive basic igneous rocks. The collapse of rift lloors may be the consequence of stress‐induced lateral extension in the upper crust, possibly assisted by a mass excess of mafic intrusions in the rifted crust. Anomalous electrical conductivity (low) and heat flow (high) are the result of heating and magmatic and hydrothermal activity.
Flinn's feature fuels forum
Authors: Marsh B. D. , Greenberg Richard , Natland James N.
Published: October 2011

The entertaining note by Edward A. Flinn (Information transfer in verbal presentations at scientific meetings, Eos, 62, 179, 1981) brought to mind a somewhat similar discussion of this problem by the Scottish physicist, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879). Evidently, in response to a query from Professor Guthrie about the role of a physical society, which was something like an AGU meeting, he wrote in 1873 to W.G. Adams [Campbell and Garnett, 1884; p. 294]: For the evolution of science by societies the main requisite is the perfect freedom of communication between each member and any one of the others who may act as a reagent.
B.S. in P.E. = $30K/Year
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Earth sciences graduates can ‘…[look] forward to long lines of would‐be employers who will try to tempt [them] with high salaries,’ according to a report describing a new survey by the College Placement Council (Industrial Research and Development, July 1981). This survey of the job market reports that graduates with the bachelor's degree in the earth and physical sciences have been starting employment at an average salary of approximately $22,000 per year. This figure amounts to an 18% increase over the average starting salary for the same groups a year ago.

Another important result is that some starting salaries for petroleum engineers (B.S. in P.E.) are upward of $30,000 per year, which though not at all unusual, was the top starting salary group for 1981 college graduates. Industrial Research and Development points out that liberal arts graduates consider themselves to be fortunate if offered starting salaries of $12,000 per year.
Nation's water picture brightens
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The nation's streams took a strong upturn during June, showing good recovery from the persistent dry trend of the previous months, although scattered pockets of below‐normal flow were reported in parts of the Southeast and the West, according to a month‐end check by the U.S. Geological Survey.

USGS hydrologists said that 30% of the 165 key index stations reporting across the country in June showed well‐below normal streamflow (within the lowest 25% of record), a decided upward trend from May, when half of the index stations reported below‐normal streamflow. Below‐normal flows were reported in parts of 27 states during June, down from the 31 states that reported low flows in May.
Geophysics publications honored
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Geophysics and geology publications by the U.S. Geological Survey were awarded one first‐ and two third‐place prizes at the ‘Blue Pencil’ ceremony last month, sponsored by the National Association of Government Communicators.

First place in the news release category went to Frank Forrester, an AGU member and recently retired USGS information officer. Editors and artists of the bimonthly USGS Earthquake Information Bulletin were awarded third place in the category for technical magazines using at least two colors.
The sixteenth presentation of the John Adam Fleming medal to Thomas M. Donahue
Authors: Nagy Andrew F. , Donahue Thomas M.
Published: October 2011

Citations are supposed to begin with a statement of the sort ‘It is an honor and a pleasure for me to introduce…;’ however, in the case of Tom Donahue I do not think that I have to introduce him, since most everyone here this evening already knows him. His 30‐plus‐year career spans a very broad field of scientific endeavors as well as numerous institutions. We at Michigan are lucky to have had him with us since 1974. He has made his lasting mark in the field of aeronomy through his publications, which number over 140, his many graduate students, postdocs, and colleagues who have had the good fortune to have worked with him. Sydney Chapman must have been thinking of someone like Tom Donahue when he coined the word aeronomy. Tom was born in Oklahoma, receive his B.A. from Rockhurst College in Kansas City and his Ph.D. from The Johns Hopkins University in 1947. Perhaps it is appropriate that he is now receiving the Fleming Award here in Baltimore, where his professional career began. His deep lifelong involvement in solar system studies really began when he moved to The University of Pittsburgh in 1951, and he has been going full steam ever since.
Planning for giving
Authors: Whitten Charles A.
Published: October 2011

This ancient Chinese proverb stresses the importance of the role of AGU in the field of continuing education. When the Committee on Financial Resources made the recommendation that the Union should be on a firmer basis and the Council approved the 5‐year fund drive, the vision was toward the future—decades at least—and far beyond ‘rice’ and ‘trees.’

A large percentage of AGU members contribute regularly and liberally to their alma maters. This financial support to universities and colleges is essential. The donors are well rewarded with the knowledge that their gifts are to be used for education.
Dynamics Explorer launched
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Dynamics Explorer A and B (now 1 and 2) spacecraft were launched into coplanar orbits from the Western Test Range at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California on August 3, 1981, at 0956 UT. Although the orbits of the spacecraft are lower than expected, the change should not impede attaining the project's goals.

‘All orbital parameters are nominal except the apogees, which, due to a short second burn of the second stage, are lower than planned,’ said Robert A. Hoffman, project scientist, at the Goddard Space Flight Center.
National technology foundation proposal
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

A bill that would combine sections of the National Science Foundation and the Department of Commerce into a National Technology Foundation was introduced in June by Rep. George E. Brown, Jr. (D‐Calif.), chairman of the House Science and Technology Committee. Purpose of the foundation would be to ‘promote the advance of technology, technological innovation, technology utilization, and the supply of technological manpower for the improvement of the economic, environmental, and social well‐being of the United States.’ The bill has been sent to congressional committee.

‘Among other things, the National Technology Foundation would recognize the importance of engineering and help harness its potential,’ Brown told the House.
Bathymetric charts near completion
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The fifth edition of the 'General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans' (GEBCO), the series of bathymetric charts that originated at the Seventh International Geological Congress in Berlin in 1899, will be complete soon. Thirteen of the final 18 charts that cover the world are available. The last chart should be complete next May. All of the charts have a scale of 1:10,000,000; polar sheets are 1:6,000,000.

Guiding the chart production is a joint committee of marine geologists and geophysicists from the International Hydrographic Organization and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. Cartographic production of the sheets is undertaken by the Canadian Hydrographic Service in Ottawa. The basic project, grid, and land work is taken from the Carte Generale du Monde by permission of the Institut Geographique National in France.

Sheets are available at $5.00 (Canadian) plus handling charges from Hydrographic Chart Distribution Office, Department of Fisheries and the Environment, 1675 Russel Road, P.O. Box 8080, Ottawa, Canada K1G 3H6.
Re: Magnetic monopoles
Authors: Cain Joseph C.
Published: October 2011

It might be of some interest to note that following Vestine's suggestion, we had incorporated the magnetic monopole (g00) as a variable in our geomagnetic field modeling programs several years ago and sometimes turn it on (allow it to assume a nonzero value) to help test our analyses. As we reported at the Bergen meeting in 1966, its value tends to hover about the level which we guess to be the accuracy of the coefficients desired and has been as low as 1 nT from the models run using only POGO data

We have also tested using the recent Magsat data and find g00 now about 3 nT for the earth. Ignoring the real possibility that we are only determining a noise figure, is there a chance that the sum of all monopoles in the earth could add up to an observable g00?
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 6(8), August 31, 1981, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos, as a microfiche supplement, or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document number E81‐008 at $1.00 from AGU, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. For reprints, order SEAN Bulletin (give dates and volume number) through AGU Separates: $3.50 for the first copy for those who do not have a deposit account; $2 for those who do; additional copies are $1.00. Orders must be prepaid.
Rapid rise predicted for geologist salaries
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The number of geologists entering the earth science profession and their average salary will increase faster than for other natural and physical sciences during the next 2 decades, according to A.G. Unklesbay, executive director of the American Geological Institute (AGI). He is drafting for the National Academy of Sciences' Geological Sciences Board (Eos, 62, p. 107, March 17) a chapter on manpower needs in geology.

‘AGI studies trends in geoscience education, and our records show that majors have doubled in the decade 1971–1980,’ Unklesbay said. ‘These studies are ongoing and the data for 1981 show this trend continuing.’
Sailing ships for research
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Motor‐assisted sailing ships for ocean research could perform as well as or better than many existing research vessels and could cut fuel consumption by 50–80%, according to a preliminary study by an ad hoc panel of the National Research Council's Ocean Sciences Board (OSB).

Rising fuel costs plague ship owners and operators. For example, 2 years ago the U.S. oceanographic fleet had a $6 million overrun in fuel costs. Furthermore, the price of marine diesel fuel skyrocketed from $3 per barrel in 1972 to about $38 per barrel in late 1980. Cutting these costs would be welcome if the savings were not made at the expense of additional crew, longer transit times, or less efficient scientific operations. A sailing ship with auxiliary motor propulsion is a promising prospect, according to the Ad Hoc Panel on the Use of Sailing Ships for Oceanography.
Petroleum companies withdraw from OMDP
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The 10 petroleum companies that were to split the costs of the Ocean Margin Drilling Program (OMDP) (Eos, February 19, 1980, p. 90) with the National Science Foundation have withdrawn their support from the project. According to Allen M. Shinn, Jr., director of NSF's Office of Scientific Ocean Drilling, the petroleum companies stated that they are not willing to support the fiscal 1982 efforts as planned. Participation at a future date remains uncertain.

The move will indefinitely delay OMDP, Shinn told Eos. ‘I don't think we [NSF] can continue with the program as it is outlined now,’ he added.
Guagua Pichincha Volcano
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Guagua Pichincha Volcano, north central Ecuador (0.17°S, 78.60°W). All times are local (GMT −5 hours).

A small phreatic explosion that probably occurred in mid‐August deposited fine tephra as much as 1 km southeast of three new vents (3–8 m in diameter) in the summit crater. The new vents formed just east of a lava dome, about 400 m in diameter, emplaced in the center of the summit crater, probably in 1660. Pichincha's horseshoe‐shaped summit crater, about 2 km in diameter and 600 m deep, occupies the west end of a 9‐km‐long massif and is breached to the west, in the opposite direction from Ecuador's capital Quito (population 600,000), which is located at the east foot of the volcano. Aerial observers reported increased fumarolic activity in the summit crater about August 20. Plume heights of as much as several hundred meters were reported in mid‐August, and a group that climbed the volcano in early September observed a 200‐ to 300‐m‐high plume, but vapor emission had declined to only 2–3 times its normal level by early October. Temperatures of summit crater fumaroles in early October were 88°–90°C, comparable to those recorded in 1976.
Tracking down geothermal waters
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Two geochemists say that measuring gas ratios in geothermal waters that have surfaced from deep within the earth can help pinpoint the hottest spot in a geothermal reservoir. The technique avoids inserting long thermometers or drilling deep holes into the earth.

When water falls as rain or flows in rivers and lakes, it picks up from the atmosphere such gases as nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, explain David Norman, assistant geophysics professor at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, and Carl Bernhardt, a graduate student. As the water sinks into the earth and heats up, most of the atmospheric gases bubble off. Then, the water absorbs other gases such as helium and carbon dioxide from the surrounding rocks and soil. When this hot water rises to the surface by convection, Norman told Eos, it cools rapidly but retains its underground gases. By calculating the ratios of carbon dioxide to methane in the water that has risen to the surface, the temperature of the water when it was deep within the earth can be estimated, the geochemists say. This new method could help tap with precision economic geothermal reservoirs.
A Chapman Conference on Subsurface Water Contributions to Streamflow
Authors: Hall Francis R.
Published: October 2011

A Chapman Conference on Subsurface Water Contributions to Streamflow was held October 5–9, 1980, at the New England Center for Continuing Education in Durham, N.H.

The purpose of the conference was to bring together an interdisciplinary group of scientists and engineers who are actively engaged in research on the processes by which water from atmospheric precipitation moves into and through the subsurface on the way to becoming streamflow. Subsurface here means everything from the uppermost leaf or litter layer just beneath land surface down to and including the underlying saturated zone. This approach also requires consideration of evapotranspiration and capillary forces, which remove water from within the flow system either permanently or temporarily.
Solar mesosphere explorer launched
Authors: Rusch David W.
Published: October 2011

The Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) spacecraft was launched into orbit from Vandenburg Air Force Base on October 6, 1981, at 11:27 UT. The spacecraft is in a near‐circular orbit at 540‐km altitude and has the proper inclination of 97.4° to assure a 3 A.M.–3 P.M. sun‐synchronous orbit. All orbit parameters appear nominal.

The SME spacecraft is designed to study the influence of changing solar ultraviolet radiation on the density of ozone in the earth's upper stratosphere and mesosphere. The satellite carries five scientific instruments, three to measure the distribution of ozone: an ultraviolet spectrometer measuring the back‐scattered radiation between 255 and 310 nm, an infrared radiometer measuring thermal emission from ozone at 9.6 μm, and an infrared spectrometer measuring the 1.27 μm airglow emission resulting from ozone photolysis. In addition, the infrared radiometer measures the temperature of the atmosphere as a function of pressure and altitude by measuring the thermal emission in two portions of the 15‐μm CO2 band and the water vapor density by measuring the emission in the 6.3‐μm band. A visible light spectrometer measures the density of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere by measuring the differential absorption of scattered sunlight at two wavelengths near 443 nm. The four atmospheric instruments will view the earth's limb once every 12 s in the plane of the orbit as the spacecraft spins at a rate of 5 rpm.
Earth orbit changes linked to monsoons
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Variations in the solar heating of the earth and its envelopingatmosphere, caused by changes in the earth's orbit,may affect the intensity of monsoons, according to John E.Kutzbach, professor of meteorology and director of theCenter for Climate Research at the University of Wisconsinin Madison.

‘Basically, our findings show that greater heating of the land surface and overlying atmosphere produces a stronger land‐ocean temperature contrast,’ Kutzbach said, ‘which in turn generates a vast continental‐scale sea breeze, with air moving from the “cool” ocean to the “warm” land. This stronger monsoonal circulation brings more moisture from the oceans to the land masses and results in heavier monsoons.’
Special report: Mt. St. Helens
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Mt. St Helens Volcano, Cascade Range, Southern Washington, USA (46.20°N, 122.18°W.) All times are local (GMT ‐ 7 h through October 24, GMT ‐ 8 h thereafter. Lava extrusion that probably began October 30 added a new lobe to the composite dome in the crater of Mt. St. Helens. After lava extrusion ended September 10 (see September 22 Eos), rates of deformation in the crater remained low for several weeks, as they had after earlier extrusion episodes. Sulfur dioxide emission ranged from 70 to 190 tons per day between October 9 and 24, but showed no particular trends. Inflation of the dome has caused small thrust faults to form in the surrounding crater floor. In early October the most active thrust, south of the dome, was moving at about 1.5 cm/d, and stations on the north crater rampart showed outward movement of about 0.5 cm/d. By October 24 these rates had increased to 14.5 and 3.5–4 cm/d, respectively, and leveling profiles perpendicular to the dome showed that crater floor tilt rates had reached 400–500 μrad/d, prompting the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to issue an advisory prediction of renewed lava extrusion within the next two weeks.
$2 billion ore deposit found
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An undersea copper deposit worth at least $2 billion has been reported in the eastern Pacific ocean off the coast of Ecuador. Similar deposits may exist within 350 km of the Washington and Oregon coasts. Alexander Malahoff, chief scientist of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Ocean Survey, estimated the deposit—560 km west of Ecuador and in waters 2 km deep—exceeds 25 million tons of ore. It is at least 40 m thick, about 200 m wide, and about 1 km long. The deposit was mapped during an investigation, which ended last month, of the Galapagos Ridge and its rifts and fractures.
Hot plasma zone near Saturn
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Investigators using data collected by Voyager 2 during its flyby of Saturn this past August have found a place in the solar system containing the hottest gas yet observed. Temperatures in a region of space around Saturn range from 300 million to nearly 1 billion° C. The hot gas is an enormous doughnut‐shaped region encircling Saturn at an altitude ranging from 273,600 km above the planet's cloud top to as high as 724,000 km.

The discovery was announced at a colloquium at the Applied Physics Laboratory of The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, by S. M. Krimigis, chief scientist of the Applied Physics Laboratory Space Department, who is principal investigator of the Voyager Low‐Energy Charged‐Particle Experiment, which made the observations. The measurements were analyzed by a team that includes investigators from The Johns Hopkins University, the universities of Maryland and Kansas, Bell Telephone Laboratories, and the Max Planck Institute in Germany.
Memorial Fund for Henry Faul
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The University of Pennsylvania has established a memorial fund to honor Henry Faul, professor of geophysics. The fund will be used ‘to remind future generations of Penn geology students of the effective and uniquely personal leadership role Henry played’ in the geology department during the last 16 years, according to Robert Giegengack, department chairman. Faul died on September 16.

Contributions may be made to the trustees of the University of Pennsylvania for the Henry Faul MemofiatFurrd, c/o the Department of Geology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
International Geomagnetic Reference Fields: DGRF 1965, DGRF 1970, DGRF 1975, and IGRF 1980
Authors:   IAGA Division 1, Working Group 1, U.S. Geological Survey Denver, Colorado
Published: October 2011

The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) 1965 was the first of such reference fields and was adopted by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) in 1968 [IAGA Commission 2 Working Group 4, 1969]. It consists of a model of the main field at 1965.0 along with a model of secular variation for use in extending the main field model in time, both backward (not earlier than 1955.0) and forward (not later than 1975.0). IGRF 1975, adopted later, consists of IGRF 1965 extended to 1975.0, along with a revised model of secular variation for use in extending the main field model up to 1980.0 [IAGA Division 1 Study Group, 1976].

By the late 1970s, the cumulative effect of the inevitable uncertainties in the secular variation models had led to unacceptable inaccuracies in the IGRF. To satisfy the need for an accurate international geomagnetic reference field, this working group recommended the following additions:
Volcano organization formed
Authors: Sigvaldason G. E. , Victor L. A. Mendes , Tilling Robert
Published: October 2011

The past decade was an unusually eventful one for volcanology, with the 1973 eruption on Heimaey, Iceland, the 1976–1977 rumblings of the Soufrière Volcano on Guadeloupe, the huffing and puffing of Iceland's Krafla Volcano in 1975, the many eruptions of Mount Etna in Sicily in the 1970s, and the reawakening of Mount St. Helens in 1980 in the United States. In addition to their scientific duties, volcanologists have had to play an important social role as advisors to administrators. For example, the political decision to evacuate Guadeloupe exposed French volcanologists to scrutiny more severe than previously experienced by members of the profession. These volcanologists met the challenge by completely reorganizing their volcano observatories and by increasing their volcano research.
AGU members receive Fulbrights
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Five AGU members were granted senior Fulbright awards for university teaching and advanced research abroad for 1981–1982, according to the U.S. International Communications Agency and the Board of Foreign Scholarships.

Yvonne Herman‐Rosenberg, associate professor of geology at the Washington State University in Pullman, will research Black Sea Quaternary benthoic foraminifera as indicators of sea‐level fluctuations. The research will be conducted at the University of Bucharest in Romania from May through July, 1982.
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Seven AGU members were elected to offices of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Clark R. Chapman was selected as the member‐at‐large of the Astronomy section committee. James F. Davis was elected member‐at‐large of the Geology and Geography section committee, and Randolf W. Bromery was elected a member of the electorate nominating committee of the section. In the Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences section, Hans A. Panofsky is chairperson‐elect, and Barry Saltzman was elected member‐at‐large of the section committee. William R. Holland and Warren M. Washington were elected members of the electorate nominating committee of the Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences section.
Meteorological Rocket Network Archives
Authors: Webb Willis L.
Published: October 2011

The Meteorological Rocket Network (MRN) has provided synoptic observation of middle atmospheric (25–60 km) wind and temperature structure for more than two decades since its initiation in 1959. More than 35,000 small meteorological rockets have been deployed into the stratospheric circulation (SC) from more than 30 stations scattered over the earth, with current accumulation rates of roughly 1000 soundings per year. Archives of this MRN development have been assembled at the University of Texas at El Paso, and this permanent repository for past and future MRN data and artifacts will be dedicated on February 2, 1982. All atmospheric scientists are welcome to contribute to, take part in dedication of, and make use of all information contained in these archives.
U.S. science and technology under budget stress
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

A set of hearings was held a few weeks ago by the House Science and Technology Committee, Don Fuqua, chairman, during which White House science advisor George A. Keyworth II ‘reiterated the Reagan Administration's wisdom of the marketplace philosophy’ (Chemical and Engineering News, Dec. 14, 1981). National Academy of Sciences President Frank Press responded to Keyworth's continuing statements on the ‘hard choices’ ahead with a proposed ‘compact’ among the public, private and academic research sectors. Representatives of the science R & D community are hanging on every word released from the White House, hoping to find some solace from the picture of disastrous budget cuts that appears to be emerging in all sectors. The budget cuts, cumulative for fiscal years 1982 and 1983, do not, in notable examples, leave room for hard choices; dismantling of entire programs appears to be expected. Two examples are the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) planetary scientific program and the programs of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). When NASA's program was recently described as ‘planetary science in extremis,’ the meaning intended was ‘near death,’ not ‘in the extreme’ (Science, Dec. 18, 1981). In the same light, Douglas M. Castle, former EPA director, defined ‘EPA under siege:’ ‘It's hard to find a rational explanation for [the 1983 fiscal year budget proposed by OMB] except that [the current EPA administrators] are, in fact, a wrecking crew’ (Environmental Science and Technology, December 1981). Meanwhile, the so‐called ‘research universities’ in the United States are turning to more practical and applied avenues to secure funds for their R & D budgets. According to science policy analyst, Wil Lepkowski, ‘The practical goals of technology are fast swallowing academic science, and nothing seems likely to be the same again.’ (Chem. Eng. News, Nov. 23, 1981).
Ross Sea NH4+ flux experiment
Authors: Biggs Douglas C.
Published: October 2011

From January 16 to 24, 1982, 12 ocean scientists from Texas A&M University, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of Texas, University of California at Santa Barbara, and the University of Maryland will carry out an interdisciplinary physical, chemical, and biological study of the southwest Ross Sea, Antarctica. The research, to be fielded aboard USCGC Glacier, will focus on defining austral summertime fine scales of temporal and spatial variability in water column ammonium and their role in promoting and regulating summertime nitrogen‐based primary production. Indirect evidence from previous studies has suggested that the Ice Shelf Water (T < −1.8°C) formed as the net result of melting, cooling, and freezing under the Ross Ice Shelf might locally represent a major source of NH4+ to the photic zone of the Ross Sea, particularly in the southwest part of this region where the northward flowing ISW, emerging at the basal edge of the Ross Ice Shelf, is injected near‐surface by wind‐driven upwelling and/or by overriding the denser High Salinity Shelf Water, which comprises most of the deep water column there.
Spawning redfish
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have succeeded in spawning redfish continuously for 16 months, according to Connie Arnold, head of the university's mariculture program. The scientists witnessed the 138th separate spawn in November. Their work makes year‐round spawning possible and, with it, the development of a fully productive mariculture industry, Arnold said. A severe decline in the redfish population off the Texas coast this year prompted the banning of commercial redfish harvesting for 2 years.
MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellows
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Four of the 19 persons selected as prize fellows by the John D. and Catherine MacArthur Foundation specialize in the earth, ocean, or space sciences. The four are John P. Holdren, Robert W. Kates, Paul G. Richards, and Joseph H. Taylor.

The awards, ranging from $24,000 to $60,000 annually for 5 years, are unrestricted; the recipients may pursue any field of endeavor and are not required to publish a paper or to meet similar requirements. The exact amount of the award is dependent on the recipient's age; older prize fellows receive larger awards than do younger ones.
Statements of candidates for president‐elect of AGU
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The American Geophysical Union began its life in 1919 as the U.S. National Committee for the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics and continued in this role until 1972 when it split off from the National Academy of Sciences and became independent. It has grown from a small group that held its annual meetings in the Academy building to a very large group that strains convention facilities at multiple meetings each year.

AGU has always served a broad community concerned with the solid earth, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, the ionosphere, and the solar system and has always had strong international interests. It is the principal scientific organization representing basic research in geophysics in the United States and, in the view of many, the world.
1983 Solar Eclipse
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Ten years ago the Federal Council for Science and Technology assigned to the National Science Foundation (NSF) the responsibility to coordinate United States solareclipse research both nationally and with international groups. To effect such coordination, NSF emphasizes two major program objectives: coordination of all U.S. programs, including those by experimenters from federal institutions, universities, and industrial groups; and possible provision of support to a limited number of experts.

For the solar eclipse on June 11, 1983, NSF seeks detailed descriptions of scientific studies planned by a U.S. group. The information requested includes the principal investigators, the title of the project, when and where the work will be performed, the equipment that will be used, and special site requirements.
Assessing the nation's water resources
Authors: Viessman Warren
Published: October 2011

The Water Resources Planning Act of 1965 (P.L. 89–80) authorized the Water Resources Council (WRC) to prepare an assessment of the adequacy of the nation's water supplies and to appraise the utility of federal policies and programs for solving contemporary water problems. Two national assessments have been produced to date. Questions are: Have these been of value? Should the process be continued, and if so, in what format and with what frequency? These questions are addressed herein. The role of the earth scientist is also explored.
Earth in my oatmeal
Authors: Romey William D.
Published: October 2011

It was a cold summer morning that July 6th in southern Iceland. I had on long underwear, a turtleneck shirt, and a wool shirt over that. A heavy parka covered this, and a wool cap and L.L. Bean mittens sealed out a little more of the cold. The steam rising from a bowl of hot oatmeal looked promising, as I awaited my first taste of the goo. As I looked at the oatmeal with the raisins studded through it, I noticed how much it looked like the volcanic rocks we had been studying. They were a mixture of ash, pebbles, and boulders. When erupted, either under water, under a glacier, or as a gooey mass of warm mud in a mudflow, they probably behaved the way the oatmeal will do when it slides down my gullet.
Fun run results
Authors: Brace Bill
Published: October 2011

A hardy group of runners braved the warm Californi sunshine at noon on December 10, during the 1981 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, for the Second Annual Geophysics Fun Run. The 4.3‐mile (7 km) race was organized by Eileen Vergino, Art Boettcher, and Bill Brace, with Vergino officiating. Among the sections, Solar‐Planetary Relationships had the fastest and slowest regular times. Tectonophysics had the greatest number of participants, with Seismology a close second. Harmon Craig once more gave himself an insurmountable handicap; he arrived about an hour after the race started. Were there others?
Nation's 1982 water picture starts positive
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

During January, almost 90% of the key gaging stations across the country reported normal to above‐normal streamflow, and low: flow conditions in the drought‐plagued Southeast also improved, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

USGS hydrologists said that only 13% of the key index gaging stations reporting from across the country during January showed flows in the below‐normal range—within the lowest 25% of record. In contrast, 64% of the index stations reported below‐normal flows during the same period last year.

In the Southeast, many streams took a dramatic upturn during January, although low‐flow conditions still persist in large areas of Florida and in parts of Virginia and Louisiana. During January, less than 15% of the index stations in the Southeast showed flows that were well‐below normal; in comparison, during January 1981, all of the index stations reported flows in the below‐normal range.
Earthquakes and death toll down
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Fewer ‘significant’ earthquakes occurred worldwide in 1981 than in the previous year, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. Significant quakes are those that register 6.5 or more on the Richter scale and smaller ones that cause casualties or considerable damage.

Worldwide, there were 50 significant earthquakes in 1981, down from 71 in 1980; only two of 1981's significant seismic events shook the United States, down from 11 in 1980. The known death toll from earthquakes in 1981 was 5239, down from 7139 in 1980. Of the deaths in 1981, 4500 occurred in two separate quakes in Iran. No one has been killed by an earthquake in the United States since November 29, 1975.
NAS honors earth scientists
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Half of the awards to be presented at the April 26 meeting of the National Academy of Sciences to honor outstanding contributions to science will be given to earth scientists. Kerry E. Sieh, assistant professor of geology at the California Institute of Technology's Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, will receive the National Academy of Sciences Award for Initiatives in Research. In 1980, Bell Laboratories established the award, honoring William O. Baker, to provide additional funding for innovative research projects by young scientists. The award carries a $15,000 prize. Sieh was cited for ‘development and application of innovative field techniques for studying active faults to identify and date paleoearthquakes, thereby providing quantitative assessment of earthquake hazards.’
Pacific Northwest regional AGU meeting
Authors: Bentley R. , Hinthome J.
Published: October 2011

The 28th Annual Pacific Northwest Regional American Geophysical Union Meeting, September 13–20, 1981, was hosted by the Department of Geology at Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. A total of 31 papers was presented to the 91 registrants in two general sessions. Topics included seismology, general geophysics, volcanology, hydrology, oceanography, and two special symposia: Tectonics of the Columbia Plateau and Neogene —Quaternary Faults of the Pacific Northwest' and ‘Studies of the Eruption of Mount Saint Helens.’ Before and after the formal meetings, several field conferences were conducted to examine the Neogene tectonics of the Coast Range (Bob Bentley, Al Niem, and Ray Wells, leaders); the Columbia River Gorge (Bob Bentley, Marv Beeson, and Terry Tolan, leaders); the western Columbia Plateau northsouth transect (Bob Bentley and Jim Anderson, leaders); Quaternary structures of the Toppenish Ridge anticline (Don Tahkeal, Newell Campbell, and Bob Bentley, leaders); the Umtanum imbricate fault zone and pre‐Saddle Mountains unconformity near Priest Rapids Dam (Ed Price and Bob Bentley, leaders); and the Yakima anticlines in the Cle Elum‐Wallula deformed zone between Ellensburg and Yakima (Bob Bentley, leader).
Committee on solar and space physics
Authors: Lanzerotti L. J.
Published: October 2011

The Committee on Solar and Space Physics (CSSP) is the Committee of the Space Science Board (SSB) of the National Research Council that is responsible for providing scientific advice to NASA in areas of solar/solar‐terrestrial/space‐plasma physics. The committee, composed of members who serve 3‐year terms, wishes to solicit comments from colleagues on topics of interest to them and related to issues in the field.

Current subjects on which the committee is devoting considerable effort include the following: (a) considerations of data handling and data systems in solar‐terrestrial research for the future (This is being carried out with the encouragement of the SSB and its Committee on Data Management. The activity is in collaboration with the Committee on Solar‐Terrestrial Research (CSTR) of the Geophysics Research Board. The handling, integration, and dissemination of solar‐terrestrial data obtained by all techniques will be addressed. Chairmen of the responsible subgroup are D. J. Williams (CSSP) and M. A. Shea (CSTR).); (b) consideration of the policies and issues associated with a revitalized Explorer satellite program responsive to the requirements of the solar‐terrestrial physics community (Inputs of ideas for potential Explorer missions have been received from a wide range of the community and will be further elaborated upon by additional community participation. A number of these ideas and examples will form a portion of a report discussing solar‐terrestrial science topics of high contemporary interest that could be well addressed with Explorerclass missions.); (c) inputs to a more comprehensive consideration of the requirements for theoretical research in all the space sciences (This is an overall task of the Space Science Board. The CSSP response relies heavily upon the Colgate committee report on space plasma physics.); (d) a future workshop, in collaboration with the Space Science Committee of the European Science foundation, on potential cooperative work in space plasma physics with European nations (Four major program items will be addressed, including reviews of several major scientific achievements within the field, a review of the status of solar and space plasma physics as academic subjects in the U.S. and in Western Europe, a review of future research programs, and a discussion of the forms of collaboration between the U.S. and European space plasma physics communities, with recommendations for the future. The workshop will be held in the U.S., tentatively during the 1982–83 academic year.); (e) continuing dialogue with NASA public relations officials and other knowledgeable individuals regarding the status of public knowledge of the results, importance, and applications of solar‐terrestrial research.); (f) discussions with relevant officials concerning the issues of scientific funding in the United States, particularly as related to solar‐terrestrial research.
FY 1983 Funding for ocean drilling
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Proposed funding for scientific ocean drilling within the National Science Foundation (NSF) in fiscal 1983 totals $14 million, $6 million less than the current fiscal 1982 plan and about half of the original FY 1982 budget request of $26 million. However, there is more to these numbers than simple subtraction: Additional funding for scientific ocean drilling programs is on hold while decisions are being made about a future drilling program called Advanced Ocean Drilling (AOD).

With the demise of the Ocean Margin Drilling Program (OMDP) when industry withdrew its support (Eos, October 20, 1981, p. 705) and with the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) long ago scheduled to end in fiscal 1983, the future for scientific ocean drilling within NSF was uncertain. To steer ocean drilling toward scientific objectives for the decade, the Conference on Scientific Ocean Drilling (COSOD) (Eos, December 22, 1981, p. 1197) examined four ocean drilling options and decided that the Glomar Explorer, converted to the current capabilities of the DSDP mainstay Glomar Challenger (i.e., without riser and well‐control technologies), would meet scientific objectives through the decade. In December, the National Research Council's Committee on Ocean Margin Drilling came to the identical conclusion in its interim report. Both of these decisions were based solely on scientific merit and did not consider costs.
NAS council approves reorganization
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

A proposed reorganization at the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) would fold the Commission on Natural Resources into the Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences (AMPS) to form what would be called the Commission on Mathematics, Physical Sciences, and Resources. Spurred by NAS President Frank Press, past president of AGU, the merger is part of a reorganization that aims to clarify the division of labor within the National Research Council (NRC). The NAS council approved the general structure of the reorganization; the National Academy of Engineering's council was scheduled to review the matter at its March 12 meeting. Administrative details of the restructuring will not be finalized until the April 3 meeting of the NRC governing board.
IGY commemoration
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), copies of the book Sydney Chapman, Eighty, from his friends, published more than a decade ago are available once again.

Edited by S.‐I Akasofu, Benson Fogle, and Bernhard Haurwitz, the book portrays Chapman, IGY president and pioneer in geomagnetism and magnetospheric physics, through essays and recollections by himself and many of his colleagues and friends.