bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality Applications in Mathematics Education
Authors: Kepceoglu Ibrahim , Serin Mehmet Koray
Published: November 2024

The primary purpose of this book chapter is to examine the use of augmented reality applications in mathematics education from a general perspective. In this context, information about the use of technology in mathematics education is given first. In the following sections, the concept of augmented reality is explained, and the explanations are supported by sample applications of how augmented reality is used in educational processes. Then, by evaluating how augmented reality applications in mathematics education have been handled and used, especially in recent years, the reader is provided with both theoretical and practical information about augmented reality applications in mathematics learning-teaching processes.
Forging the Path
Authors: Singh Gurtek , Hashmi Tabish
Published: November 2024

This chapter delves into the history of virtual technology and its transformative impact on education. It examines its origins in academia, its gradual integration, and the pivotal moments that have shaped its evolution. The chapter also discusses the role of technological advancements, research breakthroughs, and educational initiatives in shaping virtual education. It highlights early adopters and pioneers who have played instrumental roles in championing virtual technology in education, highlighting their contributions and trailblazing efforts.
Exploring the Role of Leaders in CSR in Sustainable Enterprises
Authors: Surmanidze Natia , Beridze Mariam , Tskhadadze Keti , Mushkudiani Zurab , Chichinadze Revaz
Published: November 2024

This research examines the integration of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Georgian companies, focusing on leadership styles, challenges, and benefits. A survey of respondents from various sectors revealed that 67% believe their leaders somewhat demonstrate transformational leadership traits, essential for promoting CSR. The most significant challenge, cited by 59% of respondents, was financial resource limitations. While 44% view CSR as vital to long-term business sustainability, many companies need help strategically integrating CSR principles. Employee welfare and community development were the most prioritized CSR activities. The findings suggest that transformational leadership is critical to overcoming obstacles and improving CSR effectiveness. However, companies must address financial constraints and further integrate CSR into their core strategies to advance CSR in Georgia. Strengthening these areas could lead to greater societal and environmental contributions and business success.
Innovative Approaches in Early Detection of Depression
Authors: Mahanty Rasmita Kumari , Budarapu Amrita , Rai Nayan , Bhagyashree C.
Published: November 2024

This chapter study is about Depression and it's a prevalent and significant medical disorder that significantly affects emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. As such, early detection and care are necessary to limit its severe repercussions, which include suicide and self-harm. Determining who is suffering from mental health issues is a difficult task that has historically relied on techniques such as patient interviews and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS) scores. Acknowledging the shortcomings of these traditional methods, this study seeks to develop a model designed especially for the early detection of depression and to provide individualized recommendations for interventions. Instead of verbal self-evaluation, this approach interprets emotional indicators that are subtle but indicative of depression symptoms using facial image analysis.
The X-Factor of Healthcare
Authors: Makubhai Shahin Shoukat , Pathak Ganesh Rajaram , Chandre Pankaj R.
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the revolutionary impact of explainable AI in transforming medical practices. The X-Factor of Healthcare highlights how the integration of explainable AI technologies enables healthcare professionals to gain valuable insights into complex decision-making processes. By providing interpretable and transparent explanations for AI-driven predictions and recommendations, explainable AI empowers medical practitioners to understand, trust, and utilize AI tools more effectively. This Chapter examines the key benefits and challenges of implementing explainable AI in healthcare settings, emphasizing the improvement in diagnostic accuracy, personalized treatment plans, and patient outcomes. Additionally, this chapter discusses the results of machine learning classifiers such as Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Decision Tree, and Logistic regression. This chapter also discusses the importance of ethical considerations, regulatory guidelines, and the need for collaboration between AI experts and healthcare professionals.
Analysis of Insomnia for Old Aged People Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Renukadevi N. T. , Saraswathi K. , Vignesh S.
Published: November 2024

Sleep plays a crucial role in overall health and well-being, with its significance and being more important in the context of aging. This research explores the application of machine learning algorithms to predict and analyze sleep patterns in older adults. A dataset comprising physiological and lifestyle factors, alongside sleep-related parameters, is collected from a cohort of elderly individuals. Various machine learning models, including but not limited to Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, Decision Tree, KNN are employed to develop predictive models for sleep duration, quality, and disruptions. Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing restorative sleep, leading to significant impairment in daily functioning. It can be caused by various factors, including stress, anxiety, depression, or lifestyle choices. Healthcare providers can gain insights into individualized risk factors for sleep disturbances in older adults, facilitating early intervention and personalized sleep management strategies.
Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Selvakumar P. , Seenivasan S. , Patel Samprit , Das Abhijeet , Ravikumar S.
Published: November 2024

This introductory exploration delves into the principles and practices that underpin environmental sustainability, examining key concepts, challenges, and approaches aimed at achieving. Another critical principle is the precautionary principle, which advocates for taking preventive action in the face of uncertainty regarding potential environmental harm. This principle is particularly relevant in contexts where the consequences of certain actions are not fully understood or where irreversible damage to ecosystems could occur. By adopting a precautionary approach, policymakers and stakeholders seek to minimize risks and prioritize environmental conservation. Achieving environmental sustainability involves addressing a range of interconnected concepts and components. One essential concept is biodiversity conservation. Resource efficiency is another pivotal component of environmental sustainability, focusing on maximizing the value derived from natural resources while minimizing waste and environmental impact.
Factors Influencing Brand Evangelism Through Influencer Marketing
Authors: Luthra Anchal , Shah Disha , Choubey Amrish Kumar , Gupta Astha , Kumar Harendra , Asch Zev
Published: November 2024

The study investigates vital factors that acted as a stimulus for ordinary people to become faithful promoters on social media through influencer marketing. Consumer interaction with brands has gone through a metamorphosis primarily due to social media, which has catapulted social media influencers to become a pivotal aspect of marketing strategy. Product-specific influencers have become this age's gospelers, influencing consumer perception and behavior. The multi-layer phenomena of brand evangelism within influencer marketing are studied through qualitative research. Multiple essential factors contributing to brand advocacy were unveiled through various case studies published in Scopus and Google Scholar secondary databases. Primarily, three impactors were unveiled: Emotional Connection, Trust, and Credibility. The impact of an influencer's connection with their followers was built through recommendations given through honest personal storytelling, authenticity,and transparency. However, identifying an influencer with large followers on social media platforms has always been elusive
Investigation of Key Factors of ERP System on Consumer Satisfaction on Small Companies
Authors: Kanull Naga Sathya Lakshman Kumar , Pandey Chaitanya Kitan , Davuluri Sandeep Kumar
Published: November 2024

Consumer satisfaction in small and medium-sized businesses in India is examined in this research as it relates to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. The study's overarching goal is to enhance ERP system optimisation for both users and the company's bottom line by determining what aspects of the system influence customers' happiness. System quality (SQ), Information quality (IQ), service quality (SEQ), and perceived utility (PU) are the four hypotheses that are tested in this study to see which one correlates with customer pleasure. Four hundred people from five different small firms in India filled out questionnaires for the research. The participants all had a minimum of one year of experience with enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. The hypothesis is tested and the data obtained from the surveys are analysed using multiple regression analysis. The results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between customer satisfaction, systems quality, and perceived usefulness but no causal relationship with information quality.
Influence of AI in Measuring Purchase Intention of Consumers
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Nayyar Varun
Published: November 2024

This review analyses studies conducted over the past 30 years that examine the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and purchase intention using AI. By conducting an extensive bibliometric examination, it gauges the concept's advancement. This study used MsExcel, Harzing Publish or Perish, and VosViewer software to analyze papers published in journals indexed in the Scopus database from 1997 to 2023. The premise is that consumers perceive the goods of their own nation to be superior. It is said that this viewpoint is founded on a more virtuous and moral foundation than on pragmatic and economic considerations due to high end implementation of AI. Thus, consumer ethnocentrism is predicated on the notion that purchasing products and services manufactured in other nations is unethical. Nevertheless, further investigation is required in certain domains to ascertain the precise way ethnocentrism influences the perception of quality. The study additionally revealed that authors hailing from various nations worked together to investigate the concept, thereby augmenting its depth.
Exploring the Frontier
Authors: Anagani Navya Sree , Doriya Rajesh , Jatoth Chandrasekhar
Published: November 2024

In the rapidly evolving realm of digital technology, quantum computing (QC) represents a groundbreaking advancement, fundamentally transforming the approach to computation and communication. By leveraging quantum mechanics principles—specifically superposition and entanglement—QC achieves computational power that surpasses classical computers. This chapter explores the core concepts of QC, including quantum circuits, gates, and algorithms, and demonstrates how these principles enable unprecedented problem-solving efficiency. This chapter also discusses quantum cryptography, a key application of quantum technologies (QT), which secures communication channels through Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). As quantum computers evolve, the chapter addresses the development of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms designed to safeguard data against quantum attacks, ensuring that future encryption methods remain robust. Offering an in-depth exploration of these transformative technologies, this chapter underscores their critical role in shaping the future of secure digital communication.
Harnessing Quantum Uncertainty
Authors: Prajapati Riddhi Bhaveshmumar , Prajapati Bhavesh B.
Published: November 2024

This chapter provides a concise yet thorough examination of Quantum True Random Number Generators (QTRNGs), focusing on their critical role in generating truly unpredictable and irretrievable random numbers, essential for various security algorithms. The study delves into the foundational principles of QTRNGs, highlighting the physical processes that enable genuine randomness. It also evaluates the security attributes of QTRNGs, discussing potential vulnerabilities and defenses against manipulation and attacks. The chapter concludes by assessing the practical applications and limitations of QTRNGs, offering insights into their current and future relevance in enhancing security in computational systems.
Enhancing Physical Layer Security Over 6G Wireless Networks via Quantum Key Deployment
Authors: Kavaiya Sagar , Chauhan Narendrakumar , Dalal Purvang
Published: November 2024

This research presents a novel approach to enhance the security of the physical layer in 6G networks by utilizing quantum keys. The core of the suggested method is based on the notion of quantum key distribution. Quantum Key Distribution methods utilize the principles of quantum physics, including quantum entanglement and the non-cloning theorem, to provide secure communication channels between users. The objective of this research is to enhance the security of 6G networks by including Quantum Key Distribution protocols into their infrastructure. Utilizing quantum keys guarantees that any effort to intercept the communication will be promptly identified, as the act of measurement naturally disrupts the quantum state of the sent photons. Nevertheless, the implementation of quantum keys in practical 6G networks presents numerous obstacles. This paper evaluates the practicality of incorporating quantum keys into 6G networks by examining measures such as transmission speed, mistake rates, and resistance to interception.
Digital Health Technologies Enhancing Human Life
Authors: Thapliyal Kavita , Thapliyal Manjul , Thapliyal Diya
Published: November 2024

“Digital Health Technologies: Enhancing Human Life” explores at how Digital Healthcare or Digital Health technologies are revolutionizing the way that healthcare is provided and how people's physical health is maintained. The way healthcare is accessible, provided, and managed is being completely transformed by digital health, an interdisciplinary approach that blends technology and medical services. Important developments that are emphasized for their contributions to bettering patient outcomes and managing chronic diseases include telemedicine, wearable technology, electronic health records, mobile health applications, and customized medicine. The chapter addresses the responsibilities that different stakeholders play in promoting the acceptance and integration of these technologies, including researchers, patients, healthcare professionals, and technology developers. It also looks at the possibilities for customized treatment as well as the difficulties with data privacy, security, and equal access. It also looks at the present and future consequences of digital health.
Assessing the South African National Health Insurance Readiness
Authors: Tungela Nomawethu , Iyamu Tiko
Published: November 2024

The South African government embarked on the implementation of the National Health Insurance (NHI) system without readiness assessment. Consequently, potential challenges and the influencing factors from information technology (IT) were not empirically known. This study aimed to examine the factors that influence the implementation of the South African NHI, from an IT perspective. Qualitative data were gathered from several sources and the duality of structure from structuration theory was used as a lens for the analysis. The analysis reveals the factors that can influence the implementation of the NHI, from assessment of readiness assessment. The study reveals crucial gaps in the deployment of IT solutions in enabling and supporting the implementation of the NHI. The gaps are essential in assessing the success or failure of the NHI. The factors provide a fresh perspective for developing policies, principles, and standards, to guide the implementation of the NHI in the country which are both technical and non-technical.
Experiences of students with disabilities in technical vocational education and training colleges
Authors: Muzite Precious , Gasa Velisiwe
Published: November 2024

Background: Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in South Africa is often viewed as the ‘Cinderella’ of higher education, with many matriculating students choosing mainstream universities instead. This preference stems from stigma and misconceptions that label TVET students – often from poorer working-class backgrounds – as less intelligent than their university peers. The lived experiences of students with physical and learning disabilities in these institutions are particularly underexplored.Objectives: This study aimed to illuminate the experiences of students with disabilities at five TVET colleges in Gauteng, South Africa.Method: Using a phenomenological approach, the study conducted story exercises and individual interviews with a convenience sample of 40 students with disabilities.Results: The findings reveal that TVET education predominantly serves black students from marginalised backgrounds, with students with disabilities facing significant barriers in accessing both the curriculum and the physical environments of the colleges. Despite numerous challenges, a resilient narrative emerged among these students, rooted in African traditional values.Conclusion: This article contributes to knowledge on disability inclusion in higher education by showcasing the challenges and resilience of students with disabilities in South Africa’s TVET system.Contribution: The study employed innovative methodologies, such as picture stories, to co-create knowledge with students living with disabilities.
Sexually transmitted pathogens in asymptomatic women at Rethabile clinic, Limpopo, South Africa
Authors: Mukavhanyedzi Dembe , Rukasha Ivy
Published: November 2024

Background: Health care for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is often inadequate, especially for women, because of the asymptomatic nature of many STIs, which can lead to a false sense of health. Thus, there is limited data on the prevalence of STIs in pregnant women in low and middle-income countries.Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of STIs in asymptomatic pregnant women attending antenatal Rethabile Community Health Centre, Limpopo, South Africa.Method: A cross-sectional analysis of asymptomatic pregnant women at Rethabile Community Health Centre between March 2023 and November 2023 was conducted to determine the prevalence of seven STIs, detected from self-collected vaginal swab specimens using HAIN fluoroType STI-multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test for nine targets covering seven major STIs.Results: The study found that Ureaplasma urealyticum was the most prevalent pathogen (43%) followed by Chlamydia trachomatis (41%), and Trichomonas vaginalis (10%). The less common pathogens detected were Mycoplasma Genitalium (5%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2%).Conclusion: High STI prevalence among asymptomatic pregnant women at Rethabile Community Health Centre necessitates diagnostic screening over syndromic management because of a lack of reporting for symptoms.Contribution: The paper examines the epidemiology of STIs in Limpopo, South Africa, focusing on healthy, asymptomatic populations. It emphasises the need for laboratory screening, particularly in pregnant women, over empiric treatment because of high chances of missing infections.
Gradient galectin-1 coating technology: bionic multichannel nerve guidance conduits promote neural cell migration
Authors: Liu Na , Ning Xuchao , Zhang Xiaopei , Zhou Ziyi , Fu Manfei , Wang Yuanfei , Wu Tong
Published: November 2024

Engineered nerve guidance conduits have been widely used to repair peripheral nerve injuries. Galectin-1 is an important biological cue that promotes axon regeneration and Schwann cell migration. In this study, a series of polycaprolactone-based nerve guidance conduits were prepared. First, we determined the concentration of galectin-1 (a member of the galactose lectin family) via the proliferation and morphology of Schwann cells and the viability, morphology, and axon length of PC12 cells. On this basis, nanofiber yarns coated with a uniform or unidirectionally linear gradient coating layer of galectin-1 were prepared by electrospinning to investigate the viability and migration of Schwann cells and neural stem cells on the surfaces. The unidirectional linear gradient coating with increasing galectin-1 content was found to promote the migration of both Schwann cells and neural stem cells. To construct nerve guidance conduits with encapsulated nanofiber yarns, we fabricated nerve guidance conduit walls composed of conjugately electrospun nanofiber yarns and random polycaprolactone nanofibers as the inner and outer layers. With a biocompatible light-absorbing dye, the nanofibers can be sealed via light welding to obtain a hollow polycaprolactone conduit. Finally, we prepared nerve guidance conduits containing nanofiber yarns coated with graded galectin-1 as well as hyaluronic acid methacryloyl hydrogel in the lumen. We found that the topology (nanofiber yarns and hyaluronic acid methacryloyl) and biological cues (gradient galectin-1 coating) synergistically accelerated the migration of Schwann cells and neural stem cells along multiple channels of nerve guidance conduits.
Exploring current and future technologies to make sense of the biophoton phenomenon: a narrative review
Authors: Hoh Kam Jaimie , Billeres Malvina , Herault Laurent , Cali Corrado , Sarmiento Bernard , Cassano Paolo , Magistretti Pierre , Mitrofanis John
Published: November 2024

Biophotons is the very weak light generated by cells. This light has been shown to change with different states of cell activity and/or cell health. Although their precise significance is still not clear, biophotons are thought to function as a means of cell-to-cell communication and cell repair. In this narrative review, we consider first, the current technology available that detects biophotons. These include (1) photomultipliers: these devices have advantages of giving real-time outputs, cover a relatively large detection area and have a low dark-noise per unit detection ability; their quantum efficiency is not great however and they do not have the ability to capture images; (2) image detectors: can capture images with an ultra-sensitive camera, together with count photons from living tissue; their process of acquiring an image can take a long time however, and their photon counts are less accurate than those obtained with photomultipliers and (3) histological methods: that relies on the reduction of silver (Ag)+ to Ag that is thought to mark sites of photon activation and can be identified with a light microscope; there are however, some issues on how this reduction process affects the tissue and whether it can influence biophoton count. Next, we consider prospects for future methods that may determine both the functional significance of biophotons, together with how their detection can be used clinically. The development of better technology in the field of biophoton research can reveal a better understanding of how the brain functions under both normal and pathological conditions.
Evaluation of the effect of adding probiotic supplementation in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Can Pelin Kuteyla , Kızıltaç Utkan , Cüre Kübra , Singer Ralfi , Degirmentepe Ece Nur , Kocaturk Emek
Published: November 2024

Background:

Altered microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). However, studies showing the effects of probiotic supplementation in CSU are scarce.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral probiotic supplementation (Lactobacillus reuteri) in patients with CSU.

Methods:

This was a prospective, nonrandomized, parallel group, and controlled study. Oral probiotic supplementation (L. reuteri ATCC 55730 1 × 108 CFU) and a single dose of ebastine were introduced to 30 CSU patients, whereas a control group of 30 CSU patients received only a single dose of ebastine. Treatment responses, symptom control, and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated with Urticaria Activity Score 7 (UAS7), Physicians’ Global Assessment Visual Analog Score (PhyGA-VAS), and Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL) at weeks 0, 2, and 4.

Results:

There were significant decreases in the UAS7 and CU-Q2oL and increases in PhyGA-VAS both in the probiotic group and control group at weeks 2 and 4 (P < 0.05; for all). The changes in the UAS7, CU-Q2oL, and PhyGA-VAS were significantly higher in the probiotic group than in the control group (P = 0.026; P = 0.001; and P = 0.004). The number of responders was significantly higher in the probiotic group than in the control group (83.3% vs. 50%, P = 0.006). Complete response and significant clinical improvement were observed in 9 (30%) and 20 (66.7%) patients in the probiotic group and 6 (20%) and 12 (40%) patients in the control group, respectively. High levels of total immunoglobulin E (≥100 IU/mL) were more frequent in probiotic nonresponders than in probiotic responders.

Conclusion:

Probiotics, when added to the standard therapy may improve the symptoms as well as the QoL scores in the treatment of CSU.
Flipping the classroom: A comparative analysis of in-person versus online learning in scabies education for medical students
Authors: Wu Shou-En , Chen Yi-Hsien , Soong Chen-Yeu , Chiang Chien-Ping , Wang Wei-Ming , Hung Chih-Tsung
Published: November 2024

Background:

The flipped classroom (FC) has emerged as a prominent instructional model, placing active-learning pedagogy at the forefront of education.

Objectives:

This study investigated the application of FC in scabies education, aiming to compare the effectiveness of two types of class practices: in-person versus online classes.

Methods:

Undergraduate and postgraduate doctors during their dermatology department rotations at Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, between July 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022, were recruited. The FC approach involved three stages: pre-class viewing of a flipped video, in-class learning, and after-class knowledge distillation. We compared two forms in-class practices: in-person versus online classes. Assessments included pre- and post-FC tests for academic understanding and a questionnaire with nine quantitative questions and two open-ended feedback questions to evaluate students’ perceptions and satisfaction with FC. Comparisons were made between the two forms of in-class practices.

Results:

In learning performance, post-FC scores significantly exceeded pre-FC scores (P < 0.001) in both in-person and online classes. Quantitative feedback indicated higher scores for teacher–student interaction (P = 0.0117) and class engagement (P = 0.024) in in-person classes. Qualitative comments revealed that students who assigned lower scores to online classes cited perceived deficiencies in self-regulation and learning motivation compared to their experiences in in-person classes.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrates that the FC approach significantly enhances learning performance in both in-person and online settings. However, comparing with online class practices, in-person classes offer additional benefits in terms of interaction and engagement, which are crucial for maintaining student motivation and self-regulation.
Evaluation and Comparison of Postoperative Healing with and without Periodontal Dressing in Patients Undergoing Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mitra Dipika , Kashid Rhea Vivek , Shetty Gaurav , Bhanushali Nikhil
Published: November 2024

Background:

Wound healing is a multifactorial process, and the wound environment is in a constant state of flux. Periodontal wound healing can be hampered by a number of local factors and to minimize this, the practice of application of periodontal dressings was undertaken.

Materials and Methods:

This systematic review aims to gather and evaluate all available data about postoperative healing with and without periodontal dressings in patients undergoing periodontal therapy. An extensive search was conducted using databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, EBSCO, CTRI, and hand search of a list of archived articles published from January 1974 to June 2022. Randomized controlled trials were searched, using plaque index, sulcular bleeding index, postoperative bleeding, swelling, volume of gingival crevicular fluid, gingival inflammation, pocket depth, pain and the outcomes were evaluated with a minimum follow-up of 24 h. The risk of bias was estimated after data extraction.

Results:

The results from our systematic review showed that periodontal dressings do not help in healing after routine flap surgeries, and hence, its use is restricted. Periodontal dressings lead to plaque accumulation, which in turn causes inflammation and irritates the healing tissues. Periodontal dressings may be placed after certain procedures such as apically displaced flaps, free gingival graft surgeries, and also procedures where protection of denuded bone is needed.

Conclusion:

Periodontal dressings are not indicated after flap surgeries. However, their usage after certain procedures such as apically displaced flaps, free gingival graft surgeries, and procedures where protection of denuded bone is required is recommended.
Comprehensive Review on Low-Level Laser Therapy in Dentistry
Authors: Singh Sameep , Chakraborty Ayan , Saju Anitta Rachel , Singh Rubal , Sen Anjali , Shrinivas Shreya , Surana Pratik
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has broad applications in dentistry, enhancing patient outcomes through its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and biostimulatory effects. It is used for reducing pain and swelling, accelerating wound healing, and promoting tissue regeneration. LLLT is effective in managing conditions, such as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), oral mucositis, and postoperative discomfort. Additionally, it aids in orthodontics by accelerating tooth movement and mitigating associated pain. This non-invasive treatment offers a safe, efficient, and clinically proven approach, integrating well into various dental procedures to improve overall patient care and recovery.
Evaluation of Apical Extrusion of Debris with Tactile Controlled Activation Technique Using Controlled Memory Files in Curved Root Canals: An in vitro Study
Authors: Nambiar Drisya D. , Nayak Gurudutt , Pai A. R. Vivekananda , Pawar Ojaswini , Bohra Sonam , Sanyal Gopal C. , Khan Mudassir
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

The purpose of the study was to quantify the amount of debris that was extruded apically when single-length and tactile controlled activation (TCA) techniques were used to instrument curved canals.

Materials and Methods:

A total of forty mandibular first molars having curved mesial roots of standardized length were subjected to instrumentation, utilizing both single-length and TCA techniques. Pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes were used to collect the extruded debris. The tubes underwent weighing to acquire the final weight of the dry debris. The initial weight was subtracted from the final weight to determine the weight of the extruded debris. The Shapiro–Wilk test was utilized to evaluate the data distribution. The Mann–Whitney U test was utilized to analyze continuous variables with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

Either of the techniques tested was associated with apical debris extrusion, but the TCA technique in a crown-down approach resulted in considerably less debris extrusion compared to the single-length technique.

Conclusion:

The TCA technique in the crown-down approach demonstrated the least debris extrusion, suggesting the importance of selecting the appropriate technique in curved canal management.
Comparison of prehospital stroke assessment scales for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion within six hours of onset: A single-center study in Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Thu Phyo-Wai , Yu Yu-Ping , Wang Jen-Hung , Liew Chooi-Lan
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

In Taiwan, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO) remains a significant health concern. Reperfusion therapy is more effective if the patient arrives at the medical center within the early time window, emphasizing the importance of prehospital stroke assessment to identify LVO and rapid transfer. This study focused on Eastern Taiwan, where the Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital is the sole comprehensive stroke center. We compared different prehospital stroke assessment scales in identifying LVO.

Materials and Methods:

We reviewed 598 patients with acute stroke admitted to our hospital’s emergency department between April 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022. Of these, 110 AIS cases presenting within 6 h of symptom onset were retrospectively analyzed using the medical records and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores to evaluate the efficacies of prehospital stroke scales, including our institution’s Tzu Chi Stroke Severity Scale and its modified version. LVO was defined as occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and its main branches, intracranial carotid arteries, and vertebrobasilar arteries.

Results:

Among 110 patients, 39.1% had LVO, which showed a higher mortality rate and prevalence of atrial fibrillation. LVO had higher NIHSS scores and longer hospital stays. The Vision Aphasia Neglect (VAN) Scale and Modified Tzu Chi Stroke Severity Scale showed the highest sensitivity, with the latter also exhibiting the highest sensitivity for posterior circulation LVO.

Conclusion:

The VAN and the modified Tzu Chi Stroke Severity Scale offer comparable sensitivity for detecting LVO in the prehospital setting. Our study supports the adoption of the modified Tzu Chi scale in the regional emergency medical service transfer algorithm for LVO detection for timely intervention.
Sistematización del programa de inserción a la vida universitaria de la universidad católica de temuco.
Authors: Riquelme Bravo Paula , Serrano Solís Gonzalo , Fuentes Cid Hilda , Riquelme Bravo Loreto
Published: November 2024

La  Universidad  Católica  de  Temuco,  en  el  marco  de  la  implementación  de  un nuevo  Modelo  Educativo  por  Competencias,  ha  llevado  a  cabo  una  serie  de acciones  específicas  que  confluyen  y  tienen  como  resultado  la  creación  y consolidación  de  tutorías  curriculares  con  estudiantes  de  primer  año.  Dichas tutorías  se  enmarcan  dentro  de  las  actividades  del  Programa  de  Inserción  a  la Vida  Universitaria  (PIVU)  y  de  la  Dirección  de  Desarrollo  Estudiantil  con  su Unidad de Orientación y Apoyo al Estudiante. El objeto de atención del presente artículo  es  presentar  la  sistematización  de  dichas  actividades,  entregando  un insumo  de  gestión  en  la  intervención  que  se  realiza  con  estudiantes  de  las cohortes  de  ingreso  nuevo,  en  este  caso,  fortaleciendo  sus  competencias básicas de entrada a la Educación Superior.
Percepciones de los Profesores de Historia chilenos y españoles acerca del estudio de la Transición de la Dictadura a la Democracia.
Authors: Aceituno Silva David
Published: November 2024

En este artículo presentamos los resultados iniciales del estudio sobre el profesorado del Proyecto (I+D+I) TRADDEC, una investigación financiada por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, cuyo objetivo es constatar si los “Procesos de Transición” de España y Chile están puestos suficientemente en valor en los respectivos sistemas educativos. Los resultados que se presentan corresponden a la fase experimental de la investigación, realizada a través de una entrevista semiestructurada para profesores chilenos y españoles de educación secundaria. En estos se da cuenta de una profunda valoración por parte de los docentes de la enseñanza de la transición en el aula y sus posibilidades educativas para el desarrollo de competencias ciudadanas. Sin embargo, señalan los obstáculos que encuentran en el currículum para desarrollarlo, en especial desde el punto de vista del tiempo asignado a la temática.
Competencies: The current reality and perspectives in the Spanish context. A case study research
Authors: García-SanPedro María José , Gairín Sallán Joaquín
Published: November 2024

The Bologna Process involves broader changes in the Spanish higher education system. These changes affect the structure of degrees, syllabuses, teaching and learning methodology and assessment, but fundamentally affect the culture of the university. Meanwhile, the language of competencies is becoming increasingly important in the area of the certification and recognition of learning. This paper presents the findings of a case study research project conducted with five Spanish university degree programmes. It explores, from a qualitative perspective, the experiences and conceptions of teachers about training by competencies, its assumptions and its consequences for higher education. The results show that it is necessary to critically reflect on the identified conceptions of competencies amongst teaching staff and deans, as well as the positive aspects, difficulties and prospects that they face on a daily basis and which they can anticipate, in order to facilitate implementation of this training model.
Corrigendum to “The Ellis semigroup of bijective substitutions”
Authors: Kellendonk Johannes , Yassawi Reem
Published: November 2024

This corrigendum corrects the statement and proof of Theorem 3.6 of [Groups Geom. Dyn. 16, 29–73 (2022)].
Protective effect of appendectomy against the onset of ulcerative colitis: A case-control study
Authors: Cui Min , Shi Chen , Yao Ping
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Previous studies suggest that appendectomy has a protective effect against ulcerative colitis (UC); however, relatively few studies focusing on this topic have been reported in China.

AIM

To explore the correlation between appendectomy and the onset of UC.

METHODS

A total of 313 patients with newly diagnosed UC and 313 healthy individuals were selected for this study. According to whether their appendix was removed before the diagnosis of UC, patients were divided into appendectomized and non-appendectomized groups. Their general clinical data, appendectomy history, disease severity, extent of involvement, and blood routine test results were collected to evaluate the relationship between appendectomy and the onset of UC.

RESULTS

The study revealed that the average time interval for the diagnosis of UC after appendectomy was 14.72 ± 13.87 years. 55.81% patients were diagnosed with UC five years after appendectomy. Among them, eight patients underwent appendectomy before the age of 20 years and were diagnosed with UC five years later. In the appendectomized group, the onset age of UC was higher, and the degree of disease activity was significantly lower. This group had a higher proportion of patients in clinical remission or with mild disease and a lower proportion of patients with severe disease. The extent of lesions in the appendectomized group was limited, with a higher proportion of E1 and E2, whereas a lower proportion of E3 lesions.

CONCLUSION

Appendectomy may delay the onset of UC, reduce disease severity, and lessen the scope of involvement.
Risk factors for lymph node metastasis and invasion depth in early gastric cancer: Analysis of 210 cases
Authors: Xiang Yu , Yao Li-Di
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Gastric cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early gastric cancer (EGC) is often associated with the risk of lymph node metastasis, which influences treatment decisions. Despite the use of enhanced computed tomography, the prediction of lymph node involvement remains challenging.

AIM

To investigate the risk factors for lymph node metastasis and invasion depth in patients with EGC.

METHODS

In total, 210 patients with pathologically diagnosed EGC were included in this study. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to predict risk factors for lymph node metastasis and invasion depth in patients with EGC.

RESULTS

Among the 210 patients, 27 (12.9%) had lymph node metastases. Of the 117 patients with submucosal gastric cancer, 24 (20.5%) had lymph node metastases. Both univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the depth of invasion in EGC was a risk factor for lymph node metastasis in these patients. Additionally, pathological type was identified as a risk factor for cancer cell invasion in patients with EGC.

CONCLUSION

EGC invasion depth, not tumor type, size, age, sex, or location, predicts lymph node spread. Tumor type, not size, age, sex, or location, predicts cancer cell invasion.
Effects of high-quality nursing on surgical site wound infections after colostomy in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu , Chen Yuan-Xing
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Colostomy is important in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, surgical site wound infections after colostomy seriously affect patients’ physical recovery and quality of life.

AIM

To investigate the ability of high-quality nursing care to prevent surgical site wound infections and reduce post-colostomy complications in patients with colorectal cancer.

METHODS

Eighty patients with colorectal cancer who underwent colostomy at our hospital between January 2023 and January 2024 were selected as research subjects. The random number table method was used to divide the participants into control and research groups (n = 40 each). The control group received routine nursing care, while the research group received high-quality nursing care. The differences in indicators were compared between groups.

RESULTS

The baseline characteristics did not differ between the research (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups (P > 0.05). The incidences of wound infection, inflammation, and delayed wound healing were significantly lower in the research (5.00%) vs control (25.00%) group (P = 0.028). The incidence of postoperative complications, including fistula stenosis, fistula hemorrhage, fistula prolapse, peristome dermatitis, urinary retention, pulmonary infection, and intestinal obstruction, was significantly lower in the research (5.00%) vs control (27.50%) group (P = 0.015). In addition, the time to first exhaust (51.40 ± 2.22 vs 63.80 ± 2.66, respectively; P < 0.001), time to first bowel movement (61.30 ± 2.21 vs 71.80 ± 2.74, respectively; P < 0.001), and average hospital stay (7.94 ± 0.77 vs 10.44 ± 0.63, respectively; P < 0.001) were significantly shorter in the research vs control group. The mean Newcastle satisfaction with nursing scale score was also significantly higher in the research (91.22 ± 0.96) vs control (71.13 ± 1.52) group (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

High-quality nursing interventions can effectively reduce the risk of wound infections and complications in patients undergoing colostomy, promote their postoperative recovery, and improve their satisfaction with the nursing care received.
Surgical approach for lower postoperative anal stenosis
Authors: Ghanem Atalla Amal Diab , Nashwan Abdulqadir J
Published: November 2024

After anorectal surgery, hemorrhoids frequently lead to chronic issues, particularly in patients with mixed hemorrhoids. Liu et al investigated the outcomes of staple removal at the 3- and 9-o’clock positions following modified stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SH) in patients with grade III or IV hemorrhoids. This study included patients who underwent standard or modified SH between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2020. Key metrics assessed included hospital stay duration, blood loss, operation time, and the incidence of minor or major complications. The findings indicated that the modified SH technique is a safe option for advanced-grade hemorrhoids, resulting in a lower rate of postoperative anal stenosis compared to standard SH. Notably, this technique also showed reduced anal stenosis rates in patients with prior hemorrhoid treatments. While the modified SH demonstrates immediate benefits, further research is necessary to evaluate long-term effects. Despite its advantages, the study’s limited sample size restricts the generalizability of the findings, underscoring the need for larger, long-term studies to validate these results. Clinically, the modified SH method appears to significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative anal stenosis, a common concern following typical surgeries. If confirmed by larger trials, this procedure may become the preferred surgical approach for hemorrhoids. In conclusion, the work of Liu et al signifies a meaningful advancement in hemorrhoid surgery, enhancing patient safety and outcomes.
Incidence of hypoglycemia in hyperkalemia patients after treatment with insulin and dextrose in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in India: a prospective observational study
Authors: Chaurasia Vivek , Jamshed Nayer , Aggrawal Praveen , Bhoi Sanjeev , Ekka Meera , Sinha Tej Prakash , Kumar Akshay , Mishra Prakash Ranjan , Das Anand Kumar
Published: November 2024

Background: Hypoglycemia is a serious, often overlooked complication of treating hyperkalemia with insulin and dextrose. If not recognized and managed, it can increase morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of hypoglycemia in hyperkalemic patients treated with 10 units of intravenous insulin, 50 ml of 50% dextrose, 10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate, and salbutamol nebulization. Additionally, the timing of hypoglycemia onset and its associated factors were studied.Methods: This prospective observational study included hyperkalemic patients (serum potassium >5.5 mmol/L) who visited the emergency department between January 26, 2020, and August 26, 2021. The primary outcome was hypoglycemia (blood glucose <70 mg/dl) within 3 hours of receiving the standard treatment. Glucose levels were measured hourly for 3 hours. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified factors associated with hypoglycemia.Results: Of 100 patients, 69% were male, and the median age was 46 years (IQR, 30–60 years). Hypoglycemia occurred in 44%, and 10% developed severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose <54 mg/dl). The median time for hypoglycemia onset was 2 hours (IQR, 1–2 hours). Low pretreatment blood glucose (<100 mg/dl) was significantly associated with hypoglycemia, according to both univariate and multivariate analyses.Conclusions: The study found a higher incidence of hypoglycemia in hyperkalemia treatment than reported in retrospective studies, suggesting the need for standardized management protocols with integrated glucose monitoring.