bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jovens internados em São Paulo (1934-1950):
Authors: Alvarez Marcos César , Lourenço Luiz Claudio , Santos Mariana Chies Santiago
Published: April 2021

A partir de uma perspectiva sociológica e histórica, busca-se recuperar aspectos da dinâmica de controle social, de internação e de punição de jovens (na época caracterizados como "menores") na primeira metade do século XX no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As principais fontes de pesquisa empregadas remetem aos prontuários do Serviço Social de Assistência e Proteção de Menores de São Paulo, de 1934 e 1950, exploradas a partir de técnicas de análise documental. Foram identificados alguns mecanismos usados pelos operadores e internos na construção da vida institucional. Observou-se a existência de uma associação de reforços, presentes nas sentenças judiciais, na chave dupla ‘abandono’ e ‘delinquência’, assim como na sua resposta político institucional, que envolvia tanto uma rede de instituições de natureza "social", quanto outras voltadas para a internação e disciplina. Esta dupla chave foi uma presença constante nos documentos, a avaliação do ‘aproveitamento’ e do ‘comportamento’ eram centrais na vida institucional de acordo com a lógica disciplinar adotada.
Vestiges of Reftâr in historical music notations
Authors: Değirmenci Zehra Tülin
Published: April 2021

Reftâr is known as a woman composer who lived in the Ottoman Empire Harem in the 17th century. We see compositions attributed to her in musical archives under names such as Reftâr Kalfa, Tanburi Reftâr Kalfa, and Musahip. Today, the claim that Reftâr was the first woman composer in Turkish classical music is based on a Peşrev – Der Makâm -ı Saba ‘‘Sabâ -yı Reftâr’’usüleş Düyek - found in the Kantemiroğlu Edvârı.
In this study, Hamparsum Manuscripts, which were written using the Hamparsum musical notation developed at the beginning of the 19th century, were studied and it has been discovered that, in addition to Reftâr’s well known Saba Peşrev, there is also a Saba Saz Semâîsi attributed to her. Two Saz Semâîsi in the Saba makam, which were found in the Hamparsum Notebooks with archive numbers Y.205/3 and Y.211/9 at the Istanbul University Library of Rare Books were translated into modern Western notation and studied. Reftâr’s life as a musician and the music training of women in the Ottoman palace were studied based on written sources, in order to understand Reftâr’s place in the Turkish Classical Music tradition as a musician and a woman.
Writing about the traditional Turkish Classical Music History requires scientific data on composers, their compositions, periods, institutions, genres and forms. In this respect, different musical notations that recorded the same musical tradition are the most important sources. Discovering a forgotten composition by a composer who’s thought to have lived 400 years ago is a proof of this.
 
Özet
Reftâr, 17. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Sarayı Haremi’nde yaşamış bir kadın bestekar olarak bilinir ve Reftâr Kalfa, Tanburi Reftâr Kalfa, Musahip gibi unvanlarla nota arşivlerinde adına eserler kaydedildiği görülür. Günümüzde Reftâr’ın Türk Musikisi’nin ilk kadın bestekarı olduğu düşüncesi Kantemiroğlu Edvârı’nda bulunan- Der Makâm -ı Saba ‘‘Sabâ -yı Reftâr’’usüleş Düyek- bir Peşreve dayandırılır.
Bu çalışmada, 19. Yüzyıl başında geliştirilen Hamparsum Musiki Yazısı ile kaydedilmiş el yazması Hamparsum defterlerinden günümüze ulaşanlar incelenmiş ve Reftâr’ın bilinegelen Sabâ Peşrevi’nin yanı sıra bir Sabâ Saz Semâîsi’nin de olduğu saptanmıştır. İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi’nde bulunan Y.205/3 ve Y. 211/9 arşiv numaralı Hamparsum Defterleri’nde kayıtlı, Sabâ makamında bir Saz Semâîsi’nin iki örneği Batı nota yazısına çevrilmiş ve incelenmiştir. Reftâr’ın bir müzisyen ve kadın olarak Türk musikisi geleneği içinde varoluşunu kavramak üzere, Osmanlı Sarayı’nda musiki yaşamı ve kadının musiki eğitimi tarihsel perspektifte ele alınarak incelenmiştir.
Geleneksel Türk Sanat Musikisi Tarihi hakkında yazmak; bestekarlar ve eserleri, dönemler, kurumlar, türler ve formlar gibi konularda bilimsel veriler göstermeyi gerektirir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, birbirinden farklı ama aynı sesli kültürü aktarmayı amaç edinmiş musiki yazıları en önemli kaynaklardır. Günümüzden 400 yıl önce yaşadığı düşünülen bir bestekar ile ilgili unutulmuş bir esere Hamparsum defterlerinde ulaşmak bunun kanıtıdır.
Modular and scalable automation for field robots
Authors: Osten Julia , Weyers Catrin , Bregler Kevin , Emter Thomas , Petereit Janko
Published: April 2021

This article describes a modular and scalable charging and navigation concept for electrified field robots and other agricultural machines. The concept consists of an underbody charging system on a trailer and a modular navigation box. The underlying conductive charging process is compared to other charging techniques. Charging time in relation to charging current and mean power consumption in field use is displayed. In the navigation box, data of various sensors are combined by means of multi-sensor fusion regarding the precise time of arrival. Time synchronization is achieved by a novel method for compensating the data latency jitter by employing Kalman-based timestamp filtering. Furthermore, navigation functionalities, such as motion planning and mapping, are presented.
The significance of the Tactile Internet and 5G for digital agriculture
Authors: Franchi Norman , Fettweis Gerhard P. , Herlitzius Thomas
Published: April 2021

The demand for internet access and data transfer is the key driver of mobile communications technologies. The next step is wireless real-time networking. The “Tactile Internet” demands completely new technologies. Low latency, short response times, high reliability and resilience, a network of edge clouds and security are basic requirements. Therefore, 5G is developed. Novel use cases are industrial automation, autonomous vehicles, e-health, and the Internet of Things. For agriculture, 5G is a crucial technology enabler for robotization and Smart Farming processes. Agriculture needs own ad-hoc radio network solutions to efficiently provide coverage and manage data transfer, privacy and flexibility. The synergy of cellular and local mesh communications can solve the problem of unreliable communication and allows farmers to take full control of their data.
The impacts of mediating the work environment on the mode choice in work trips
Authors: Bria Melchior , Djakfar Ludfi , Wicaksono Achmad
Published: April 2021

The impacts of work characteristics on travel mode choice behavior has been studied for a long time, focusing on the work type, income, duration, and working time. However, there are no comprehensive studies on the influence of travel behavior. Therefore, this study examines the influence of work environment as a mediator of socio-economic variables, trip characteristics, transportation infrastructure and services, the environment and choice of transportation mode on work trips. The mode of transportation consists of three variables, including public transportation (bus rapid transit and mass rapid transit), private vehicles (cars and motorbikes), and online transportation (online taxis and motorbike taxis online). Multivariate analysis using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling method was used to explain the relationship between variables in the model. According to the results, the mediating impact of work environment is significant on transportation choices only for environmental variables. The mediating mode choice effect is negative for public transportation and complimentary for private vehicles and online transportation. Other variables directly affect mode choice, including the influence of work environment.
Comparison of hydrological model ensemble forecasting based on multiple members and ensemble methods
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Guoqing , Elmahdi Amgad , Bao Zhenxin , Yang Qinli , Shu Zhangkang , Song Mingming
Published: April 2021

Ensemble hydrologic forecasting which takes advantages of multiple hydrologic models has made much contribution to water resource management. In this study, four hydrological models (the Xin’anjiang model (XAJ), Simhyd, GR4J, and artificial neural network (ANN) models) and three ensemble methods (the simple average, black box-based, and binomial-based methods) were applied and compared to simulate the hydrological process during 1979–1983 in three representative catchments (Daixi, Hengtangcun, and Qiaodongcun). The results indicate that for a single model, the XAJ model and the GR4J model performed relatively well with averaged Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) values of 0.78 and 0.83, respectively. For the ensemble models, the results show that the binomial-based ensemble method (dynamic weight) outperformed with water volume error reduced by 0.8% and NSE value increased by 0.218. The best performance on runoff forecasting occurs in the Hengtang catchment by integrating four hydrologic models based on binomial ensemble method, achieving the water volume error of 2.73% and NSE value of 0.923. Finding would provide scientific support to water engineering design and water resources management in the study areas.
Evaluation of water related properties of birch wood products modified with different molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde oligomers
Authors: Grinins Juris , Biziks Vladimirs , Rizikovs Janis , Irbe Ilze , Militz Holger
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the effect of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin treatment on the dimensional stability of birch solid wood and plywood. Therefore, three different low molecular weight PF resins with average molecular weights (M

w
) of 292, 528, and 884 g/mol were synthesized and used for silver birch (Betula pendula) solid wood (20 × 20 × 20 mm3) and veneer (100 × 100 × 1.4 and 300 × 300 × 1.4 mm3) impregnation to produce plywood. The weight percent gain (WPG) and bulking after curing of resin treated wood specimens were determined. The leaching was performed to evaluate the PF resin fixation stability. All tested resins at all concentrations were similarly fixed in wood blocks after the leaching (1.5–2.0% WPG loss). The dimensional stability of birch wood after treatment with all tested PF resins was significantly improved. The anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) of birch wood blocks treated with PF resins after seven water soaking-drying cycles was in the range of 39–53%, 46–65% and 49–65% using 10, 15 and 20% solution concentrations, respectively. Whereas, the ASE of plywood obtained from veneers treated with 10% of PF solution was improved by 6–20%. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and volumetric swelling (VS) of PF treated plywood at 98% of relative humidity (RH) decreased significantly. All PF resin treated plywood surfaces were more hydrophobic compared to untreated plywood.
Adaptive restart scheme based on active injection current ratio for half-bridge MMC-HVDC with overhead transmission lines
Authors: Zhang Jingru , He Baina , Jiang Renzhuo , He Xingmin , Dong Yanchen , Bian Chenxi , Liu Yujia
Published: April 2021

Modular multilevel converter for high voltage DC system has great potential as the key role in global energy interconnection. Adaptive reclosing or restarting after suffering from short-circuit faults is a critical segment to realize safe and stable operation. An adaptive restart scheme for the half-bridge sub-module transmission system is proposed, which is based on the active current injection of the auxiliary fault discriminate module. Combined with the engineering experience, the transient characteristics of the line current during the fault restart stage are analyzed. The ratio of the current peaks at both ends of the fault point is used as the criterion. Moreover, the restart current suppression strategy is introduced into the adaptive restart scheme. It provides a decision-making basis for discriminate the property of the fault and improves the success rate of fault restart. The simulation results show that after the external auxiliary module is introduced into the adaptive restart stage, the restart current does not exceed the rated value. Finally, The permanent fault and the transient fault can be successfully distinguished, providing a reliable guarantee for the subsequent action decision of the protection devices.
Stabilization of the wave equation with a nonlinear delay term in the boundary conditions
Authors: Ghecham Wassila , Rebiai Salah-Eddine , Sidiali Fatima Zohra
Published: April 2021

A wave equation in a bounded and smooth domain of

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

with a delay term in the nonlinear boundary feedback is considered. Under suitable assumptions, global existence and uniform decay rates for the solutions are established. The proof of existence of solutions relies on a construction of suitable approximating problems for which the existence of the unique solution will be established using nonlinear semigroup theory and then passage to the limit gives the existence of solutions to the original problem. The uniform decay rates for the solutions are obtained by proving certain integral inequalities for the energy function and by establishing a comparison theorem which relates the asymptotic behavior of the energy and of the solutions to an appropriate dissipative ordinary differential equation.
Normalisation of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels in a patient with partial molar pregnancy with a uterine mass without chemotherapy: impact of using herbal remedies
Authors: Ismail Norzila , Zainudin Aida Maziha , Hua Gan Siew
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Level of βhCG and the presence of any uterine mass of hydatidiform mole need a careful review or monitoring in order to prevent metastasis, provide an early treatment and avoid unnecessary chemotherapy.

Case presentation

A 36-year old fifth gravida patient who had a missed abortion was diagnosed as having a molar pregnancy with beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (βhCG) level of 509,921 IU/L. Her lung field was clear and she underwent suction and curettage (S & C) procedure. However, after six weeks, AA presented to the emergency department with a massive bleeding, although her βhCG level had decreased to 65,770 IU/L. A trans-abdominal ultrasound indicated the presence of an intra-uterine mass (3.0 × 4.4 cm). Nevertheless, her βhCG continued to show a declining trend (8,426 IU/L). AA was advised to undergo a chemotherapy but she refused, citing preference for alternative medicine like herbs instead. She opted for an “at own risk” (AOR) discharge with scheduled follow up. Subsequently, her condition improved with her βhCG showing a downward trend. Surprisingly, at six months post S & C, her βhCG ameliorated to 0 IU/L with no mass detected by ultrasound.

Conclusions

Brucea javanica fruits, Pereskia bleo and Annona muricata leaves can potentially be useful alternatives to chemotherapy and need further studies.
Use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) among Malaysian cancer patients for the management of chemotherapy related side effects (CRSE)
Authors: Syed Mohammad Salleh Sharifah Nadia , Farooqui Maryam , Gnanasan Shubashini , Karuppannan Mahmathi
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Chemotherapy-related side effects (CRSE) are among the most distressing events cancer patients face. Some patients seek complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), increasing the risk of undesirable drug- CAM interactions. This study aims to identify the prevalence and type of CAM used for CRSE among cancer patients and patient’s disclosure of CAM use to their prescribers.

Methods

This was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study. Data was collected from cancer patients attending to three departments: surgical, medical and gynaecology at a local hospital in Malaysia. Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.

Results

A total of 273 patients were recruited. Prevalence of CAM used for CRSE management was 166 (60.8%). Of the CAM users, 144 (86.7%) were female, 102 (61.4%) were employed and 123 (74.1%) were married. Breast cancer patients were found to be the highest users of CAM (n=76; 45.8%). The top three CAM used by patients in managing CRSE were dietary supplements (n=166; 100%); herbal products (n=154; 92.8%) and traditional Malay therapy (n=147; 88.6%). About 83% (n=137) patients disclosed CAM use to their prescribers. Among these, 58 (42.3%) reported that their doctors encouraged the use, whereas 89 (65.0%) patients claimed their doctors disagreed the use of CAM.

Conclusions

Prescribers still have doubt in combining chemotherapy with CAM, hence patients use CAM discreetly. Increasing the awareness and understanding of CAM use are mandatory to distinguish its possible synergistic or adverse reactions with cancer patients.
Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu (Siddha herbal syrup formulation) in animal model
Authors: Malayappan Meenakshi Sundaram , Natarajan Gayathri , Mockaiyathevar Logamanian , Ramasamy Meenakumari
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Madhulai Manappagu – a well-known sastric and widely prescribed Siddha herbal syrup formulation indicated for treating Veluppu Noi (Anaemia especially Iron deficiency Anaemia) has been in day today practice in Tamil Nadu for a quite longer decades. The syrup is a herbal preparation which has a sweet pleasant odour and a palatable taste, contain the juice of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the main ingredient. Though the formulation is a fruit juice, the safety profile of the syrup is not established and is being marketed without toxicological evaluation. The study is aimed at ascertaining the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu in Wistar Albino rats.

Methods

The acute and sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies were performed as per the guidelines mentioned in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 (adopted on December 2001) and TG 407 (adopted on October 2008) with slight modifications respectively. For acute toxicity study, three female rats were randomly selected as control; three female rats were randomly selected and were administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. For sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies, three doses of test drug MM of 500 mg/kg/day (low dose), 750 mg/kg/day (intermittent dose) and 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dose) were selected for administration. Both sexes of Wistar Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 10 animals each (five males, five females). Group I was kept as control group. Group II, III and IV served as low, intermittent and high doses of MM respectively. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Haematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed.

Results

In the acute toxicity study, rats showed no toxicological signs on behavior, gross pathology and body weight of rats when treated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. In the subacute (28 days repeated oral) toxicity study, rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, body weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters when treated with Madhulai Manappagu in three different doses.

Conclusions

The toxicity studies which include both acute and 28 days repeated (subacute) oral toxicity studies, revealed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Madhulai Manappagu in animals. Thus the safety of the drug in human usage was ensured.
Inverse problems for finite Jacobi matrices and Krein–Stieltjes strings
Authors: Mikhaylov Alexander , Mikhaylov Victor
Published: April 2021

We consider dynamic inverse problems for a dynamical system
associated with a finite Jacobi matrix and for a system describing
propagation of waves in a finite Krein–Stieltjes string. We offer
three methods of recovering unknown parameters: entries of a
Jacobi matrix in the first problem and point masses and distances
between them in the second, from dynamic Dirichlet-to-Neumann
operators. We also answer a question on a characterization of
dynamic inverse data for these two problems.
Prevalence of elevated liver enzymes and their association with type 2 diabetes risk factors in children
Authors: Lin Victor , Hamby Tyler , Das Siddharth , Chatrath Amritpaul , Basha Riyaz , Fulda Kimberly G. , Habiba Nusrath
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Given their established role in hepatic function and insulin resistance for adults, early screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the pediatric population may potentially be improved by the assessment of elevated liver enzymes.

Methods

Our study enrolled 151 nondiabetic children aged 10–14 years. Patients were assessed for demographics and five risk factors for T2DM. The levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were determined in serum samples. The effects of demographics and risk factors on abnormal liver enzyme levels were assessed with univariate chi-square analyses and also with multivariate logistic regression analyses, which were controlled for gender.

Results

Frequencies for abnormal liver enzyme values were as follows: 13 (9%) for GGT, 5 (3%) for ALT, and 20 (13%) for ALP. Across analyses, two results were consistently statistically significant. Females were more likely to have abnormal ALP levels, and patients with BMI percentile ≥95% and with acanthosis nigricans were more likely to have abnormal GGT levels.

Conclusions

Our study suggests GGT as potential marker for T2DM discovery in children. Subsequent long-term longitudinal studies would help to more clearly delineate GGT’s association with T2DM. Additionally, future studies that elucidate the molecular contribution of GGT elevation to T2DM pathogenesis are needed.
What is the relationship between obesity and new circadian rhythm parameters in Turkish children and adolescents? A case-control study
Authors: Karadag Mehmet , Yilmaz Gulay Can
Published: April 2021

Background

Although the relationship between circadian rhythm parameters and obesity in children and adolescents is recognized, there are few studies on this topic. The concept of sleep-corrected social jetlag (SJLsc) has been formulated recently, but its relationship with childhood obesity has not yet been established. Therefore, we thought that SJL might play an important role in the etiology of obesity. Accordingly, we aimed to compare circadian rhythm parameters between obese and normal-weight children and adolescents.

Methods

Seventy-nine obese and eighty-two normal-weight children and adolescents aged between 8 and 17 years participated in this case-control study, which took place in the Mardin province of Turkey. Data were collected with a sociodemographic information form, the Childhood Chronotype Questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements.

Results

The average ages of the obese participants and controls were 12.3 ± 2.3 and 12.4 ± 2.2 years, respectively. Obese young people had greater evening preference, longer sleep debt duration, SJL duration and SJLsc duration, and higher Morningness–Eveningness Scale (MeScale) scores; and shorter mean sleep duration (p<0.005). In regression analyses, BMI z scores were significantly correlated with all circadian rhythm parameters, except SJLsc duration, while WC z scores were significantly correlated with all circadian rhythm parameters, except mean sleep duration. After adjustment, the high MeScale scores (OR: 1.142, p<0.05) and the presence of psychiatric disorder in the mother (OR: 15.075, p<0.05) were associated with obesity.

Conclusions

Circadian rhythm parameters can play an important role in the etiology of obesity. Future studies with larger samples and fewer confounding factors are needed to clarify the etiological factors.
Two patients from Turkey with a novel variant in the GM2A gene and review of the literature
Authors: İnci Aslı , Cengiz Ergin Filiz Başak , Biberoğlu Gürsel , Okur İlyas , Ezgü Fatih Süheyl , Tümer Leyla
Published: April 2021

Objectives

GM2 gangliosidosis is a rare form of inborn errors of metabolism including Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and GM2 activator deficiency. GM2 activator protein deficiency is an ultra-rare form of GM2 gangliosidosis. To date, 16 cases of GM2 activator protein deficiency have been reported in the literature, and among them, 11 cases were the infantile form of the disease. Here we report the first two patients from Turkey with the infantile form of the disease with a novel likely pathogenic variant.

Case presentation

A boy of eight months old presented to the metabolic department with very mild neurological deterioration, although he had achieved early developmental milestones at the appropriate time. The parents also had a daughter who had lost skills progressively before one year of age. The boy was evaluated and bilateral cherry-red spots were found with no abnormality in either metabolic screening including β-hexosaminidase or cranial magnetic resonance imaging. A novel homozygous likely pathogenic variant in GM2A was detected in a next-generation sequence panel revealing GM2 activator protein deficiency. His sister was investigated after he was diagnosed with GM2 activator deficiency and it was found that she had the same variant as her brother.

Conclusions

This case report emphasizes that in the event of normal β-hexosaminidase activity, GM2 activator protein deficiency could be underdiagnosed, and further molecular analysis should be performed. To the best of our knowledge, this boy is one of the youngest patient diagnosed with very mild symptoms. With this novel pathogenic variant, these patients have expanded the mutation spectrum of GM2 activator protein deficiency.
Teaching and training the total percutaneous fetoscopic myelomeningocele repair
Authors: Wataganara Tuangsit , Trigo Lucas , Lapa Denise Araujo
Published: April 2021

Skin-over-biocellulose for Antenatal Fetoscopic Repair (SAFER) is a recently developed technique for fully percutaneous fetoscopic repair of myelomeningocele. The formation of a neo-dura mater triggered by the use of a biocellulose patch over the placode obviates the need of primary repair of fetal dura mater, and seems to further improve neurodevelopmental outcome. Insufflation of humidified carbon dioxide into the amniotic cavity requires proper training and a different equipment set from those used in the classic “under-water” fetoscopy. To shorten the learning curve of novice teams, we have developed a structured training course encompassing three critical steps: (1) visiting the proctor center, (2) selection of the first case, and (3) on-site training of the surgical team. Upon the site arrival, there will be: (1) theoretical lecture for all specialists involved in the fetal care, (2) simulation training, and (3) surgical proctoring. Proctor team can take over the surgery if the local team cannot complete. This training course has been successfully used in five different countries: Israel, Chile, Italy, USA and England and all local teams are already performing surgeries solo without any failures or maternal morbidity. Teaching new procedures in fetal medicine is challenging, because of the small number of candidate cases, and the direct relation of good outcomes and the number of cases operated. This proposed training modules may be adopted by other teams that want to embark on this type of novel minimally invasive treatment.
Some results on semigroups of transformations with restricted range
Authors: Yan Qingfu , Wang Shoufeng
Published: April 2021

LetXXbe a non-empty set andYYa non-empty subset ofXX. Denote the full transformation semigroup onXXbyT(X)T\left(X)and writef(X)={f(x)∣x∈X}f\left(X)=\{f\left(x)| x\in X\}for eachf∈T(X)f\in T\left(X). It is well known thatT(X,Y)={f∈T(X)∣f(X)⊆Y}T\left(X,Y)=\{f\in T\left(X)| f\left(X)\subseteq Y\}is a subsemigroup ofT(X)T\left(X)andRT(X,Y)RT\left(X,Y), the set of all regular elements ofT(X,Y)T\left(X,Y), also forms a subsemigroup ofT(X,Y)T\left(X,Y). Green’s∗\ast-relations and Green’s∼ \sim \hspace{0.08em}-relations (with respect to a non-empty subsetUUof the set of idempotents) were introduced by Fountain in 1979 and Lawson in 1991, respectively. In this paper, we intend to present certain characterizations of these two sets of Green’s relations of the semigroupT(X,Y)T\left(X,Y). This investigation proves that the semigroupT(X,Y)T\left(X,Y)is always a left Ehresmann semigroup, andRT(X,Y)RT\left(X,Y)is orthodox (resp. completely regular) if and only ifYYcontains at most two elements.
Climate change adaptation and cocoa farm rehabilitation behaviour in Ahafo Ano North District of Ashanti region, Ghana
Authors: Oyekale Abayomi Samuel
Published: April 2021

Sustainable cocoa production is the hub of economic development and growth in Ghana. Climate change has been implicated in the dwindling productivity of the Ghanaian cocoa sub-sector, although deforestation for cocoa farmland expansion poses significant long-term risks to ecosystem stability and environmental conservation. This study assessed farmers’ perception of climate change, their adaptation methods and the factors explaining involvement in the renovation/rehabilitation of old cocoa farms. The data were collected from 378 cocoa farmers in Ahafo Ano North District in the Ashanti region. The data were analysed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Ordinary Least Square regression, Negative Binomial regression and Two-stage Probit regression. The results showed that the majority of the farmers were older than 50 years and attained primary education. High temperature (64.29%), too stormy rainfall (64.29%) and too much rainfall (61.90%) were largely perceived by cocoa farmers in 2015. The farmers were adapting to climate change through diversification into other crops (70.63%), planting of hybrid varieties (71.69%), commitment to spray cocoa pods regularly (74.87%) and initiation of some changes in the planting and harvesting times (71.96%). The adaptation was significantly influenced (p< 0.05) by cocoa farming experience, number of children under the age of 5 years, perception of extremely high temperature, perception too low rainfall, perception of delay in commencement of rainfall, cultivation of cocoa as the primary crop, perception of delay in rainfall stop and delay in regular farm clearing and rented farm. Cocoa rehabilitation decision was influenced by climate change adaptation indicator, monthly income, perception of extreme temperature and sharecropping. The implications of the results were that promotion of climate change perception would facilitate adaptation, and the form of cocoa farmland ownership as well as climate change adaptation indicator influenced farmers’ involvement in cocoa farm rehabilitation.
Protein modeling
Authors: de Araújo Rodrigo S. A. , Mendonça Francisco J. B. , Scotti Marcus T. , Scotti Luciana
Published: April 2021

Proteins are essential and versatile polymers consisting of sequenced amino acids that often possess an organized three-dimensional arrangement, (a result of their monomeric composition), which determines their biological role in cellular function. Proteins are involved in enzymatic catalysis; they participate in genetic information decoding and transmission processes, in cell recognition, in signaling, and transport of substances, in regulation of intra and extracellular conditions, and other functions.
Advancements in cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Koper Krzysztof , Wileński Sławomir , Koper Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

Chemotherapy is in most cases a method of systemic treatment of malignant tumors with cytostatic drugs. Although modern methods such as immunotherapy or targeted therapy are used more and more often nowadays, the role of chemotherapy in oncology is still significant. It can be used as an independent treatment method or in combination with other oncological therapies. The action of chemotherapy is closely linked to the cell cycle of the tumor. Advances in technology allow the introduction of different pharmaceutical forms of the same drug. Worse prognosis of metastatic tumors justifies the need to search for new, more effective treatment methods. The main problem of chemotherapy is the occurrence of adverse events. Reducing the frequency and severity of side effects is possible primarily by changing the technique of implementation of chemotherapy administration. These principles are fulfilled by new, increasingly popular therapeutic methods, such as: Perioperative Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC), Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The dynamic development of knowledge concerning cytostatic drugs, including targeting the tumor cell with the form of the drug, allows us to assume that in the future this direction will increase the effectiveness and safety of anticancer therapy.
Utilization of nanotechnology in targeted radionuclide cancer therapy: monotherapy, combined therapy and radiosensitization
Authors: Bayoumi Noha Anwer , El-Kolaly Mohamed Taha
Published: April 2021

The rapid progress of nanomedicine field has a great influence on the different tumor therapeutic trends. It achieves a potential targeting of the therapeutic agent to the tumor site with neglectable exposure of the normal tissue. In nuclear medicine, nanocarriers have been employed for targeted delivery of therapeutic radioisotopes to the malignant tissues. This systemic radiotherapy is employed to overcome the external radiation therapy drawbacks. This review overviews studies concerned with investigation of different nanoparticles as promising carriers for targeted radiotherapy. It discusses the employment of different nanovehicles for achievement of the synergistic effect of targeted radiotherapy with other tumor therapeutic modalities such as hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy. Radiosensitization utilizing different nanosensitizer loaded nanoparticles has also been discussed briefly as one of the nanomedicine approach in radiotherapy.
An overview of bond behavior of recycled coarse aggregate concrete with steel bar
Authors: Su Tian , Wang Chenxia , Cao Fubo , Zou Zhenghao , Wang Chunguang , Wang Jun , Yi Haihe
Published: April 2021

In this paper, an overview focusing on the bond behavior of recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC) with steel bar is carried out. The results show that the failure modes of RAC specimen were not only influenced by a single factor, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the influence of various factors on the failure modes of RAC specimen; The steel bar diameter, the concrete cover to diameter ratio and the replacement rate of RCA all affect the load-slip curve of RAC specimen; Bond strength predictive equations and bond-slip relationship models of RAC with steel bar has been summarized to ensure engineers to better understand their applicability; The influencing factors of the bond behavior of RAC specimens including the replacement rate of RCA, the concrete compressive strength, the steel bar type and steel bar diameter, the steel bar embedment length and the aggregate performance; The freeze-thaw cycles and the steel bar corrosion all affect the bond behavior of RAC with steel bar. When freeze-thaw damage and steel bars corrosion reach a certain degree, the bond behavior of RAC with steel bar deteriorates.
A review of current bioanalytical approaches in sample pretreatment techniques for the determination of antidepressants in biological specimens
Authors: Soares Sofia , Barroso Mário , Gallardo Eugenia
Published: April 2021

Antidepressants are a class of compounds widely used in clinical settings for the treatment of several diseases. In the last years there has been a considerable increase in their consumption, representing an important public health issue in several countries. Because they are substances with narrow therapeutic windows, and since they are capable of interacting with other classes of compounds, monitoring of these compounds is of relevance, minimizing the risk of medical interactions as well as side and toxic effects. In addition, understanding the extent of their use, their detection through routine toxicology tests and development of new methods for detection and monitoring is of extreme importance concerning public health, patient well-being, and implications in clinical and forensic situations. The main objective of this work is to perform a critical review on the biological samples used in the detection and quantification of antidepressants with special focus on the techniques for sample preparation.
Processing of Hollow Glass Microspheres (HGM) filled Epoxy Syntactic Foam Composites with improved Structural Characteristics
Authors: Afolabi Olusegun A. , Kanny Krishnan , Mohan T. P
Published: April 2021

The objective of this work is to improve the structural characteristics of hollow glass microsphere (HGM) filled epoxy syntactic foam composites with little voids content and improved HGM dispersion in the composite.

A modified degassing technique has been introduced during resin casting process of the HGM filled syntactic foam composites. The effect of HGM content volume fractions (5–25%) on the degassing techniques was examined. The syntactic foam composites were characterized by analysing structural morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM), and density measurements (theoretical and experimental).

Less than 5% void content has been achieved in this study. This resulted in improved tensile and dynamic mechanical properties (DMA).
The Voice as a Narrative Element in Documentary Films
Authors: Önen Ufuk
Published: April 2021

Modern documentary filmmakers use fiction-influenced narrative styles that blur the boundaries between fact and fiction, stretching the limits and rules of the genre set by what is referred to as classic or expository documentary. Another major change in the documentary form and narrative style is the inclusion of the filmmaker in the film. As a result of filmmakers starring in their own films, interacting with the subjects, and narrating the story themselves, documentaries have become more personality driven. In these modern methods, the voices of the narrators and/or the filmmakers carry a significant importance as narrative elements. Taking five music-related documentary films into account—Lot 63, Grave C (Sam Green); Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul (Fatih Akin); Metal: A Headbanger's Journey (Sam Dunn, Scot McFadyen, and Jessica Joywise); The Decline of Western Civilization Part II: Metal Years (Penelope Spheeris); and Searching for Sugar Man (Malik Bendjelloul)—this paper analyzes how the voices of the narrators and/or the filmmakers are used as narrative elements, and what effects these voices have on the narrative styles and the modes of these documentaries.
Predicting Plastic Flow Behaviour, Failure Mechanisms and Severe Deformation Localisation of Dual-Phase Steel using RVE Simulation
Authors: Rana A. K. , Dey P. P.
Published: April 2021

In this work, the von Mises stress and plastic strain distribution of Ferrite-Martensite–Dual-Phase (FMDP) steels are predicted at various stages of deformation. The failure modes and volume fraction effect are identified based on Representative Volume Element (RVE). FMDP steel consists of a typical ferrite-matrix phase, in which martensite-islands are dispersed. Recently FMDP steels are increasingly used to the various car parts in demand. 2D-RVEs are also utilised to predict the orientations effect of the martensite phase in the FMDP steels. Based on the position of the element, the boundary conditions (BC) are given in the RVE of FMDP steel microstructures. The failure modes are examined in the form of severe plastic strain localisation. While the distribution of islands in the microstructure varies, as a result, the deformation inhomogeneity increases with a rise of martensite fraction. The results of numerical computation and the trend of experimental failure shown in the literature are compared. This is signifying that the overall macro-behaviour of FMDP steel, as a consequence of stress-strain partitioning and influence of martensite-island volume fractions (MVFs), can be predicted by the finite element (FE) based 2D-RVE modelling.
Efectividad del sistema rotatorio Mtwo® e hipoclorito de sodio en la eliminación del Enterococcus faecalis. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Corrales Payares Carlos , Osorio Cabarcas Gisella Isabel , Lozano Deluquez María Fernanda , Zarate Toncel Pieranyela , Ramos Garrido Roxana , Orozco Páez Jennifer
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la efectividad del sistema rotatorio Mtwo® y del hipoclorito de sodio en la eliminación de Enterococcus faecalis.Se realizó una revisión de la literatura de estudios experimentales In vitro y Ex vivo, publicados desde 2010 hasta 2020 en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, EBSCOhost y Scopus, disponibles en texto completo, publicados en español e inglés. Se seleccionaron los artículos de acuerdo con los criterios establecidos y se analizó el contenido de cada uno de ellos por medio de una tabla matriz en la cual se incluyeron los principales hallazgos.Se identificaron cuarenta y cuatro artículos, de los cuales se incluyeron cinco estudios. La efectividad de la solución irrigadora (NaOCl) demostró resultados a concentraciones de 2.5% y 5.25% y la aplicación del sistema rotatorio Mtwo® reportó disminución del recuento bacteriano al compararlo con otros métodos de instrumentación, así como un recrecimiento menor de bacterias después del tratamiento con este sistema.Las concentraciones de hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5% y al 5,25% y el uso del sistema de instrumentación Mtwo® son eficaces en la eliminación del Enterococcus faecalis.
Prolonged Emergency Department Length of Stay for US Pediatric Mental Health Visits (2005–2015)
Authors: Nash Katherine A. , Zima Bonnie T. , Rothenberg Craig , Hoffmann Jennifer , Moreno Claudia , Rosenthal Marjorie S. , Venkatesh Arjun
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Children seeking care in the emergency department (ED) for mental health conditions are at risk for prolonged length of stay (LOS). A more contemporary description of trends and visit characteristics associated with prolonged ED LOS at the national level is lacking in the literature. Our objectives were to (1) compare LOS trends for pediatric mental health versus non–mental health ED visits and (2) explore patient-level characteristics associated with prolonged LOS for mental health ED visits.

METHODS:

We conducted an observational analysis of ED visits among children 6 to 17 years of age using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2005–2015). We assessed trends in rates of prolonged LOS and the association between prolonged LOS and demographic and clinical characteristics (race and ethnicity, payer type, and presence of a concurrent physical health diagnosis) using descriptive statistics and survey-weighted logistic regression.

RESULTS:

From 2005 to 2015, rates of prolonged LOS for pediatric mental health ED visits increased over time from 16.3% to 24.6% (LOS >6 hours) and 5.3% to 12.7% (LOS >12 hours), in contrast to non–mental health visits for which LOS remained stable. For mental health visits, Hispanic ethnicity was associated with an almost threefold odds of LOS >12 hours (odds ratio 2.74; 95% confidence interval 1.69–4.44); there was no difference in LOS by payer type.

CONCLUSIONS:

The substantial rise in prolonged LOS for mental health ED visits and disparity for Hispanic children suggest worsening and inequitable access to definitive pediatric mental health care. Policy makers and health systems should work to provide equitable and timely access to pediatric mental health care.
Conocimiento local sobre Crocodylus acutus (Reptilia: Crocodylidae) en la zona costera de Colima, México
Authors: Aguilar-Olguín Sergio , Rivera-Rodríguez María Cruz , Hernández-Hurtado Helios , Ramirez-Martinez María Magdalena
Published: April 2021

Se caracterizó el conocimiento local sobre los cocodrilos por los pobladores de la zona costera de Colima, México mediante entrevistas guiadas semi-estructuradas. Cada entrevista estuvo dividida en cinco secciones: conocimiento biológico de la especie, interacción humano-cocodrilo, ataques por cocodrilos, usos y manejo y percepción general. La información se analizó mediante los porcentajes de respuesta en cada sección. Se aplicaron 30 entrevistas, 25 a hombres y cinco a mujeres. El 40 % de los entrevistados se dedican a la pesca, el 34 % son prestadores de servicios turísticos, el 10 % es comerciante, 7 % empleado de taller mecánico, 3 % acuacultor, 3 % ganadero y 3 % maestra de primaria. Aunque el total de los entrevistados conoce a los cocodrilos, menos del 50 % tiene conocimiento biológico de la especie. Sin embargo, existe interés por los entrevistados en utilizar a la especie como atractivo turístico, lo cual ayudaría a promover la conservación de los cocodrilos en la zona. Aunque la opinión de los entrevistados sobre los cocodrilos es positiva, no se detectó un sentido de apropiación del recurso. Se proponen acciones de capacitación y sensibilización en grupos organizados que trabajan en o a los alrededores de la laguna, para establecer un adecuado manejo y conservación de los cocodrilos en el área.
Comunidades de sírfidos (Diptera) asociadas a coberturas influenciadas por actividades antrópicas en los cerros orientales de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Ángel Villarreal Sergio Leonardo , Bogotá-Ángel Raúl Giovanni , Montoya Giraldo Augusto León
Published: April 2021

La diversidad taxonómica y funcional de los sírfidos los hace fundamentales en los ecosistemas. Además, su sensibilidad a la fragmentación del hábitat por factores antrópicos los hace buenos indicadores ecológicos de la conservación ecosistémica. Establecimos si las comunidades de sírfidos están relacionadas con coberturas vegetales en un gradiente de intervención antrópica en un área boscoso-montañosa de la ciudad de Bogotá. Las coberturas vegetales se identificaron con la metodología de coberturas de uso de la tierra y el sistema Corine Land Cover. Los insectos se recolectaron activamente durante los picos de máxima actividad diaria en un periodo de transición seco-húmedo. Las comunidades de sírfidos y su relación con las coberturas se evaluaron estimando el número efectivo de especies y un análisis de componentes principales (ACP). Se identificaron tres coberturas: Vegetación Secundaria Alta, Tejido Urbano Discontinuo y Bosque Ripario. Los 381 individuos recolectados pertenecen a 24 especies agrupadas en dos subfamilias. Las comunidades de sírfidos en la Vegetación Secundaria Alta y el Bosque Ripario presentaron números efectivos de especies superiores a los hallados en el Tejido Urbano Discontinuo. El ACP sugirió una estrecha asociación entre las especies Lejops mexicanus y Toxomerus watsoni con el Tejido Urbano Discontinuo y la Vegetación Secundaria Alta, mientras Palpada florea, Syrphus shorae, Orphnabaccha golbachi y Allograpta exotica lo son con el Bosque Ripario. La abundancia de sírfidos fue más alta en las coberturas con espacios abiertos y su diversidad fue influenciada por la heterogeneidad y antropización de las coberturas, patrón registrado por primera vez en el Neotrópico.