bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics to reveal the characteristics of Dictyophora rubrovolvata from different drying methods
Authors: Dong Hui , Zhou Changyan , Li Xiaobei , Gu Haotian , E Hengchao , Zhang Yanmei , Zhou Feng , Zhao Zhiyong , Fan Tingting , Lu Huan , Cai Min , Zhao Xiaoyan
Published: November 2022

Dictyophora rubrovolvata is a highly valuable and economically important edible fungus whose nutrition and flavor components may vary based on drying methods. Herein, an untargeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) metabolomics method combined with multivariate analysis was first performed to characterize the metabolomics profiles of D. rubrovolvata upon different drying treatments, viz., coal burning drying (CD), electrothermal hot air drying (ED), and freeze drying (FD). The results indicated that 69 differential metabolites were identified, vastly involving lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids, carbohydrates, and their derivatives, of which 13 compounds were confirmed as biomarkers in response to diverse drying treatments. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis illustrated that differential metabolites were significantly assigned to 59, 55, and 60 pathways of CD vs. ED, CD vs. FD, and FD vs. ED groups, respectively, with 9 of the top 20 KEGG pathways shared. Specifically, most of lipids, such as fatty acyls, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids, achieved the highest levels in D. rubrovolvata after the CD treatment. ED method substantially enhanced the contents of sterol lipids, nucleotides, organic acids and carbohydrates, while the levels of amino acids, prenol lipids and glycerolipids were elevated dramatically against the FD treatment. Collectively, this study shed light on metabolomic profiles and proposed biomarkers of D. rubrovolvata subjected to multiple drying techniques, which may contribute to quality control and drying efficiency in edible fungi production.
A comprehensive review of drying meat products and the associated effects and changes
Authors: Mediani Ahmed , Hamezah Hamizah Shahirah , Jam Faidruz Azura , Mahadi Nursyah Fitri , Chan Sharon Xi Ying , Rohani Emelda Rosseleena , Che Lah Noor Hanini , Azlan Ummi Kalthum , Khairul Annuar Nur Aisyah , Azman Nur Aida Fatin , Bunawan Hamidun , Sarian Murni Nazira , Kamal Nurkhalida , Abas Faridah
Published: November 2022

Preserving fresh food, such as meat, is significant in the effort of combating global food scarcity. Meat drying is a common way of preserving meat with a rich history in many cultures around the globe. In modern days, dried meat has become a well enjoyed food product in the market because of its long shelf-life, taste and health benefits. This review aims to compile information on how the types of meat, ingredients and the used drying technologies influence the characteristics of dried meat in physicochemical, microbial, biochemical and safety features along with technological future prospects in the dried meat industry. The quality of dried meat can be influenced by a variety of factors, including its production conditions and the major biochemical changes that occur throughout the drying process, which are also discussed in this review. Additionally, the sensory attributes of dried meat are also reviewed, whereby the texture of meat and the preference of the market are emphasized. There are other aspects and concerning issues that are suggested for future studies. It is well-known that reducing the water content in meat helps in preventing microbial growth, which in turn prevents the presence of harmful substances in meat. However, drying the meat can change the characteristics of the meat itself, making consumers concerned on whether dried meat is safe to be consumed on a regular basis. It is important to consider the role of microbial enzymes and microbes in the preservation of their flavor when discussing dried meats and dried meat products. The sensory, microbiological, and safety elements of dried meat are also affected by these distinctive changes, which revolve around customer preferences and health concerns, particularly how drying is efficient in eliminating/reducing hazardous bacteria from the fish. Interestingly, some studies have concentrated on increasing the efficiency of dried meat production to produce a safer range of dried meat products with less effort and time. This review compiled important information from all available online research databases. This review may help the food sector in improving the efficiency and safety of meat drying, reducing food waste, while maintaining the quality and nutritional content of dried meat.
RT-based combination therapy for brain metastasis from NSCLC with non-EGFR mutation/ALK gene rearrangement: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Min , Jiang Jun , Zhang Xuewen , Chen Jie , Chang Qiaomei , Chen Rong
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Radiotherapy (RT) is currently the main treatment for brain metastases (BMs) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Due to the short survival time and obvious adverse reactions of RT, we urgently need more appropriate treatment. This network meta-analysis reviewed the efficacy and adverse effects of radiotherapy-based combination therapy for patients without targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement NSCLC BMs, to screen out the therapy with the best efficacy.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from the earliest publication date available to 1 April 2022. STATA15.0 was used to conduct heterogeneity analysis, sensitivity analysis, forest plot analysis, and publication bias analysis.

Results

A total of 28 studies, involving 3707 patients were included in the Bayesian network meta-analysis. In the limited paired meta-analysis for head-to-head comparative trials, compared with RT-based combination therapy, RT combined with Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed significant overall survival (OS) benefit (HR 0.65, 95%CI 0.47–0.9, p<0.01), RT combined with ICIs showed a non-significant difference for intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) (HR 0.76, 95%CI 0.27–2.27, p<0.01) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 0.9, 95%CI 0.36–2.37, p<0.01). In addition, according to the ranking results, compared with RT combined with chemotherapy(CT) or with targeted therapy(TT), RT combined with ICIs might be the best treatment mode for OS(ICIs+RT vs CT+RT vs TT+RT; 91.9% vs. 27.8% vs. 29.3%, iPFS (ICIs+RT vs CT+RT vs TT+RT, 46.9% vs 25.2% vs 25.6%) and PFS (ICIs+RT vs CT+RT vs TT+RT, 36.2% vs 31% vs 36.5%).

Conclusions

RT combined with ICIs might be the best treatment mode to prolong the OS for BMs from NSCLC with non-EGFR mutation/ALK gene rearrangement.

Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022350065, identifier (CRD42022350065)
Global research trends on inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer: A bibliometric and visualized study from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Xiong Shuai , Liu Ke , Yang Fei , Dong Yuanwei , Zhang Hongcai , Wu Pengning , Zhou Yu , Zhang Lu , Wu Qin , Zhao Xiaojing , Li Wei , Yuan Lingling , Huang Biao , Yue Rensong , Feng Li , Chen Jing , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory disease of intestinal tract and a common digestive system disease. Current studies have shown that IBD significantly increases the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), and is positively correlated with the degree and extent of inflammation of IBD. The relationship between IBD and CRC has attracted extensive attention. However, the relationship between IBD and CRC has not been systematically studied by bibliometrics and visual analysis. This study conducted bibliometric analysis based on 3528 publications from the Core Collection of Web of Science to determine the research status, research hotspots and frontiers of this field. The results show that the number of publications has increased significantly over the past 10 years. The cooperative network analysis shows that the United States, Mayo Clin and Bo Shen are the country, institution and author with the most publications respectively. Belgium, Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai and Erik Mooiweer are the most collaborative country, institution and author respectively. Analysis of keywords and references showed that inflammation, intestinal flora, and obesity were hot topics in this field. Analysis of keyword outbreaks shows that the gut microbiome and metabolism will be an emerging new research area and a potential hot spot for future research. This study is the first to visually examine the association between IBD and CRC using bibliometrics and visual analysis, and to predict potential future research trends.
Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent mental health: A matter of concern—A joint statement from EAP and ECPCP
Authors: Reali L. , Nijman R. G. , Hadjipanayis A. , Del Torso S. , Calamita P. , Rafele I. , Katz M. , Barak S. , Grossman Z.
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent rigid social distancing measures implemented, including school closures, have heavily impacted children's and adolescents' psychosocial wellbeing, and their mental health problems significantly increased. However, child and adolescent mental health were already a serious problem before the Pandemic all over the world. COVID-19 is not just a pandemic, it is a syndemic and mentally or socially disadvantaged children and adolescents are the most affected. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and previous mental health issues are an additional worsening condition. Even though many countries have responded with decisive efforts to scale-up mental health services, a more integrated and community-based approach to mental health is required. EAP and ECPCP makes recommendations to all the stakeholders to take action to promote, protect and care for the mental health of a generation.
A prediction model for the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure on bronchiolitis
Authors: Shi Qingxia , Zhao Zhihua , Lin Jilei , Zhang Yin , Dai Jihong
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Prediction of the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on bronchiolitis is necessary for timely treatment. This study aims to establish a nomogram for efficacy of CPAP on bronchiolitis, and compares accuracy with Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISM III), Brighton Pediatric Early Warning Score (Brighton PEWS) and Pediatric Critical Illness Score (PCIS).

Methods

From February 2014 to December 2020, data on children diagnosed with bronchiolitis and treated with CPAP in Chongqing was collected. The nomogram was evaluated by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. We compared the predictive value of model with PRISM III, PEWS and PCIS.

Results

A total of 510 children were included. The nomogram prediction model including fever, APTT, white blood cells, serum potassium concentration, lactic acid, immunodeficiency, atelectasis, lung consolidation, congenital airway dysplasia and congenital heart disease was established. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.919 in the training set and 0.947 in the validating set. The model fitted well, as evidenced by the calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. We discovered that the nomogram significantly performed better than PRISM III, PCIS and PEWS.

Conclusions

A nomogram including ten factors for predicting the efficacy of CPAP on bronchiolitis was established. It had higher performance than the PRISM III, PCIS, and PEWS in terms of clinical benefits.
Desmoid tumour of the chest wall in paediatric post-operatory of heart transplant
Authors: Freitas Filho Orival de , Nakahira Evelyn Sue , Schmidt Junior Aurelino Fernandes , Azeka Estela , Jatene Marcelo Biscegli , Pego-Fernardes Paulo Manuel
Published: November 2022

We will report a case of a desmoid tumour (DT), which developed at the surgical site of the pacemaker after a late childhood heart transplant. Patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy followed up in the paediatric cardiology service. It evolved with the dissociation of ventricular rhythm caused by severe heart failure, which led to the implantation of a cardiac resynchronization device prior to heart transplantation. The progression to end-stage heart disease culminated in a heart transplant at 12 years old. One year after the transplant, at the age of 13 years, he presented a progressively growing mass on the generator site of the resynchronization device. The initial decision was to remove the device. During the removal surgery, there was no haematoma or fluid collection. However, there was a progression of the lesion. The lesion was biopsied with the anatomopathological diagnosis of a DT. Resection surgery happened 4 months after the start of the mass growth. At that time, the tumour reached 20 cm in diameter. The lesion infiltrated the pectoralis major muscle and this muscle was resected partially en bloc with the lesion. The defect had primary closure. The patient evolved without postoperative complications and was discharged on the 14th postoperative day. The surgical specimen came with negative circumferential margins. However, the deep margin was microscopically positive. Due to deep involvement, the patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. Currently, the patient is under clinical follow-up and has no evidence of tumour recurrence. DT is a rare tumour, with unpredictable courses. Surgery can be considered in the progression of lesions. Treatment is justified by long survival after a heart transplant and in DT patients. DT is a differential diagnosis to be considered in progressive growth lesions.
Feiyanning formula modulates the molecular mechanism of osimertinib resistance in lung cancer by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Sang Shuliu , Sun Chenbing , Ding Rongzhen , Jiang Jingjie , Han Yang , Gan Shanshan , Bi Ling , Gong Yabin
Published: November 2022

Feiyanning Formula (FYN), a Chinese herbal formula derived from summarized clinical experience, is proven to have anti-tumor effects in lung cancer patients. Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), can improve progression-free survival and overall survival of patients but drug resistance is inevitable. The current study evaluated the effects of FYN in osimertinib-resistant HCC827OR and PC9OR cells. FYN preferentially inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC827OR and PC9OR cells. Moreover, FYN and osimertinib exhibited synergistic inhibitory effects on proliferation and migration. Real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting results indicated that FYN downregulated gene and protein levels of GSK3β and SRFS1, which are enriched in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Besides, FYN inhibited tumor growth and exhibited synergistic effects with osimertinib in vivo. Collectively, the results suggested that FYN exerted an anti-osimertinib resistance effect via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
SLC2As as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in LUAD patients through bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Qin Han , Bian Jing , Ma Zhanchuan , Yi Huanfa
Published: November 2022

Facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs), which are encoded by solute carrier 2A (SLC2A) genes, are responsible for mediating glucose absorption. In order to meet their higher energy demands, cancer cells are more likely than normal tissue cells to have elevated glucose transporters. Multiple pathogenic processes, such as cancer and immunological disorders, have been linked to GLUTs. Few studies, meanwhile, have been conducted on individuals with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) to evaluate all 14 SLC2A genes. We first identified increased protein levels of SLC2A1, SLC2A5, SLC2A6, and SLC2A9 via HPA database and downregulated mRNA levels of SLC2A3, SLC2A6, SLC2A9, and SLC2A14 by ONCOMINE and UALCAN databases in patients with LUAD. Additionally, lower levels of SLC2A3, SLC2A6, SLC2A9, SLC2A12, and SLC2A14 and higher levels of SLC2A1, SLC2A5, SLC2A10, and SLC2A11 had an association with advanced tumor stage. SLC2A1, SLC2A7, and SLC2A11 were identified as prognostic signatures for LUAD. Kaplan-Meier analysis, Univariate Cox regression, multivariate Cox regression and ROC analyses further revealed that these three genes signature was a novel and important prognostic factor. Mechanistically, the aberrant expression of these molecules was caused, in part, by the hypomethylation of SLC2A3, SLC2A10, and SLC2A14 and by the hypermethylation of SLC2A1, SLC2A2, SLC2A5, SLC2A6, SLC2A7, and SLC2A11. Additionally, SLC2A3, SLC2A5, SLC2A6, SLC2A9, and SLC2A14 contributed to LUAD by positively modulating M2 macrophage and T cell exhaustion. Finally, pathways involving SLC2A1/BUB1B/mitotic cell cycle, SLC2A5/CD86/negative regulation of immune system process, SLC2A6/PLEK/lymphocyte activation, SLC2A9/CD4/regulation of cytokine production might participate in the pathogenesis of LUAD. In summary, our results will provide the theoretical basis on SLC2As as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in LUAD.
Gallic acid suppresses the progression of triple-negative breast cancer HCC1806 cells via modulating PI3K/AKT/EGFR and MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Lin Si , Qin Hui-Zhen , Li Ze-Yu , Zhu Hua , Long Li , Xu Li-Ba
Published: November 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a severe threat to women’s health because of its aggressive nature, early age of onset, and high recurrence rate. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of Gallic acid (GA) on the TNBC HCC1806 cells in vitro. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT and plate clone formation assays, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining assays, and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were also investigated. Real-Time PCR and western blot were examined to explore the mechanism of action. The results indicated that GA suppressed HCC1806 cells proliferation and promoted HCC1806 cells apoptosis. Meanwhile, GA treatment changed the morphology of the HCC1806 cells. In addition, GA blocked the HCC1806 cells cycle in the S phase, and it induced cells apoptosis accompanied by ROS accumulation and MMP depolarization. Real-Time PCR results suggested that GA increased Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, P53, JINK and P38 mRNA expression, and decreased Bcl-2, PI3K, AKT and EGFR mRNA expression. Western blotting results suggested that GA increased Bax, cleaved-Caspase-3, cleaved-Caspase-9, P53, P-ERK1/2, P-JNK, P-P38 proteins expression, and decreased Bcl-2, P-PI3K, P-AKT, P-EGFR proteins expression. Furthermore, molecular docking suggested that GA has the high affinity for PI3K, AKT, EGFR, ERK1/2, JNK, and P38. In conclusion, GA could suppress HCC1806 cells proliferation and promote HCC1806 cells apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and induces ROS generation which further inhibits PI3K/AKT/EGFR and activates MAPK signaling pathways. Our study will provide some new references for using GA in the treatment of TNBC.
Effects of blood flow restriction training on anthropometric and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults: Meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Lei
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effects of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) on anthropometric indicators and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults.

Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases to determine the final literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature based on the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and Stata 17.0 software was used for Meta-analysis.

Results: A total of 3,985 articles were screened, and five of the studies were included in the Meta-analysis, with a total 66 participants. In each study, subjects were measured before and after BFRT. Meta-results showed that BFRT significantly reduced BMI, lowered body weight, body fat % and waist circumference, significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, lowered triglycerides, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in overweight/obese adults.

Conclusion: BFRT can be used as a safe and effective exercise prescription for personalized weight/fat loss. BFRT significantly reduces BMI by reducing body weight, body fat %, and waist circumference and has the effect of improving body composition. It also significantly reduced TC and LDL-C and tends to decrease TG and increase HDL-C in overweight/obese adults, potentially reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
Tryptophan synthase ß subunit 1 affects stomatal phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Soda Midori N. , Hayashi Yuki , Takahashi Koji , Kinoshita Toshinori
Published: November 2022

Stomata open in response to several environmental stimuli, such as light and low CO2. Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase in guard cells plays a pivotal role for light-induced stomatal opening. In contrast, stomata close in response to the dark or plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). However, molecular mechanisms of stomatal movements remain unclear. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of stomatal movements, we performed a genetic screen based on stomatal aperture-dependent weight decrease of detached leaves from EMS-treated Arabidopsis thaliana and isolated a rapid transpiration in detached leaves 2 (rtl2). The rtl2 mutant showed constitutive open-stomata phenotype with lower leaf temperature. ABA had no effect on stomatal aperture in rtl2. The rtl2 mutant also showed increased stomatal density, severe dwarf phenotype with pale green leaves and dark veins. Map-based analysis of the RTL2 locus revealed that the rtl2 mutant possesses a single nucleotide substitution, which induces amino acid substitution Gly162 to Glu in the tryptophan synthase ß subunit 1 (TSB1). The TSB1 encodes an enzyme in tryptophan (Trp) biosynthetic pathway. Amount of TSB1 protein was drastically reduced in rtl2 mutant. A different allele of tsb1 mutant (tsb1-1) also showed constitutive open-stomata phenotype with reduced TSB1 protein as in rtl2. Analyses of test-crossed plants of rtl2 and tsb1-1 showed open-stomata and dwarf phenotypes. These results indicate that a responsible gene for rtl2 is TSB1. We further investigated stomatal phenotype in mutants from Trp biosynthetic pathway, such as wei2-1 wei7-1, trp3-1, and tsb2-1. The trp3-1 mutant showed significant wider stomatal aperture as well as tsb1-1. Trp biosynthetic pathway closely relates to auxin biosynthesis. Then, we investigated auxin responsible genes and found that an expression of AUR3 was up in rtl2. In contrast, auxin had no effect on stomatal aperture in Arabidopsis and the phosphorylation status of PM H+-ATPase in guard cell protoplasts from Vicia faba. In addition, auxin antagonist had no effect on stomatal aperture. Interestingly, tsb1-1 grown under hydroponic culture system showed normal stomatal aperture by exogenously application of Trp. These results suggest that open stomata phenotype in tsb1-1 is due to Trp deficiency but not auxin.
Molecular and metabolic insights into floral scent biosynthesis during flowering in Dendrobium chrysotoxum
Authors: Du Zhihui , Jin Yuxuan , Wang Weize , Xia Kuaifei , Chen Zhilin
Published: November 2022

Dendrobium chrysotoxum is considered as an important ornamental dendrobium because of its strong and long-lasting floral scent. Nevertheless, few information is known about the dynamic changes and related formation mechanism of dendrobium floral scent at different flowering stages. In this study, the characteristics and biosynthetic mechanism of floral scent in D. chrysotoxum during flowering was revealed by using widely-targeted volatilomics (WTV) combined with transcriptome analysis. Over 500 kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in the floral scents of D. chrysotoxum, which improved the knowledge about floral scent components of dendrobium. A total of 153 differential VOCs and 4,487 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between flowers of different flowering stages, respectively. The results for both volatilomics and transcriptomics data indicated that terpenes and related genes played an important role in the formation of floral characteristics of D. chrysotoxum. But in general, the expression of genes showed an opposite trend to the accumulation of metabolites during flowering, suggesting that the regulation of floral scent biosynthesis might have started at the budding stage in D. chrysotoxum. Additionally, a transcriptional metabolic regulatory network consisting of terpenes, terpene synthases and candidate transcription factors was established. This research is the first systematic and comprehensive exploration of floral characteristics and related mechanisms during flowering in D. chrysotoxum. It provides basis for exploration of mechanisms on the floral scents and the breeding of aromatic dendrobium.
Clear phylogeographical structures shed light on the origin and dispersal of the aquatic boreal plant Hippuris vulgaris
Authors: Yu Yinjiao , Lu Qixiang , Lapirov Alexander G. , Freeland Joanna , Xu Xinwei
Published: November 2022

Aquatic plants are an important ecological group in the arctic flora; however, their evolutionary histories remain largely unknown. In order to deepen our understanding of the evolution of these plants, we explored the phylogeographical structure of an aquatic boreal plant Hippuris vulgaris in a broad geographical sampling from Eurasia and North America using the chloroplast intergenic spacer psbA-trnH and seven nuclear microsatellite loci. Two closely-related species H. lanceolata and H. tetraphylla were also included because of their taxonomic controversy. Both chloroplast DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite data revealed three genetic lineages with distinct distribution ranges. Incongruence between nuclear and chloroplast DNA lineages occurred in 14 samples from Russian Far East and Europe caused by inter-lineage hybridization. No private haplotypes or independent genetic clusters were evident in H. lanceolata or H. tetraphylla, suggesting that these two species should be considered conspecific ecotypes of H. vulgaris. Analysis using Approximate Bayesian Computation-Random Forest approach suggests that Hippuris vulgaris originated in China, followed by dispersal into Russia plus Northeast China, then successively westwards into Europe and North America, and finally into the Russian Far East from both North America and Russia plus Northeast China. This study is the first to elucidate the historical dispersal processes of a circumarctic aquatic plant across the entirety of its range.
Chromosome-level genome assembly provides new insights into Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata) genomes
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Hong Po , Qiao Qian , Zhu Dongzi , Zhang Lisi , Lin Ke , Sun Shan , Jiang Shuna , Shen Bingxue , Zhang Shizhong , Liu Qingzhong
Published: November 2022

Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc) is an economically and ecologically important chestnut species in East Asia. Here, we presented a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of the Japanese chestnut cultivar ‘Tsukuba’ by combining Nanopore long reads and Hi-C sequencing. The final assembly has a size of 718.30 Mb and consists of 12 pseudochromosomes ranging from 41.03 to 92.03 Mb, with a BUSCO complete gene percentage of 97.6%. A total of 421.37 Mb repetitive sequences and 46,744 gene models encoding 46,463 proteins were predicted in the genome. Genome evolution analysis showed that Japanese chestnut is closely related to Chinese chestnut and these species shared a common ancestor ~6.5 million years ago. This high-quality Japanese chestnut genome represents an important resource for the chestnut genomics community and will improve our understanding of chestnut biology and evolution.
How do extrinsic cues influence consumers’ online hotel booking decisions? An event-related potential experiment
Authors: Feng Ping , Wang Jingqiang , Ding Xin , Li Cong , Guo Fumei , Ding Xinyi
Published: November 2022

Booking decision is a typical decision-making behavior in hospitality, while the neural processing of it is still unclear. To address this issue, with the help of event-related potential (ERP), this work uncovered the neural mechanism of the influence of two extrinsic cues, namely, brand familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar) and online reviews (positive vs. negative) on online hotel booking decisions. Behavioral results indicated that the booking rate under the condition of positive reviews was higher than that of negative reviews. In addition, the response time in the case of familiar brands was longer than that of unfamiliar brands. ERP results showed that the P200 amplitude of familiar brands was smaller than that of unfamiliar brands, while for the late positive potential amplitude, the opposite was the case. It is suggested that in the early stage of cognitive processing, unfamiliar brands evoke more automatic and unconscious attention while in the later stage, familiar brands attract more conscious attention. This study also found that the N400 amplitude of negative online reviews was larger than that of positive online reviews, indicating that negative stimuli can result in a larger emotional conflicts than that of positive stimuli. This study provides new insights into the neural mechanism of online booking decisions in the hospitality.
How teacher and classmate support relate to students’ stress and academic achievement
Authors: Hoferichter Frances , Kulakow Stefan , Raufelder Diana
Published: November 2022

According to the conservation of resources theory, social support provides resources to help overcome challenges. Although some empirical findings have emphasized the pivotal role of teacher support and/or peer support for students’ stress and academic achievement, multilevel analyses that consider contextual class and individual student effects are scarce. The current study addresses this gap and further includes gender, socio-economic status, and neuroticism as covariates. Multilevel analyses in Mplus were conducted. All measures were taken at the student level and then aggregated to the classroom level to estimate class-level relationships. Results revealed that on the individual level, teacher support was related to higher ability to cope and lower levels of helplessness, while on the class level, peer support by classmates was related to higher ability to cope and academic achievement. The context effects also show that in classes with higher peer support, students are more likely to benefit in terms of coping ability and achievement, whereas in classes with higher teacher support, students tend to show less coping ability.
Third-generation antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia and non-responsivity or intolerance to clozapine regimen: What is the evidence?
Authors: Vasiliu Octavian
Published: November 2022

Clozapine is considered « the golden standard » for the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but many patients do not present adequate responsivity even to this antipsychotic. If we add the need to strictly monitor the hematologic and cardiometabolic adverse events during each clozapine trial and the difficulty of preserving therapeutic adherence in patients with low insight, residual negative/positive symptoms, or economic challenges, then the necessity of exploring alternative interventions for these patients becomes obvious. Also, in case of intolerance to clozapine or where clozapine did not induce remission, clinicians have to find new ways to help their patients. Switching to other antipsychotics or using these agents as add-ons to clozapine are the main interventions explored in this review, for patients with schizophrenia resistant to clozapine (ultra-resistant schizophrenia, URS). When clozapine intolerance is detected, conversion to another antipsychotic with distinct pharmacologic properties or formulation (e.g., long-acting intramuscular injectable agents, LAI) may be a useful option. Third-generation antipsychotics (TGA) have been selected for their distinct pharmacodynamically profile, which allows, at a theoretical level, their use in combination with clozapine. This narrative review is based on searching four electronic databases, that retrieved 19 primary and secondary reports on aripiprazole (seven case reports or case series presenting 24 patients; nine clinical trials, and three systematic reviews/meta-analyses), two primary reports on brexpiprazole (case report and case series, N = 3 patients), and six primary reports on cariprazine (case reports and case series, N = 14 patients). Based on the information collected from these reports, which included oral and LAI formulations, the TGA most supported by evidence for the augmentation of clozapine is aripiprazole (high-and medium-quality data), followed by cariprazine (low-quality data). Brexpiprazole has not yet been systematically explored for this indication, and in the case of lumateperone, no report could be found. The efficacy of aripiprazole and cariprazine was supported in the domains of positive, negative, and general symptoms, and aripiprazole may positively impact the metabolic profile in patients with URS. Also, adding TGA may lead to a decrease in the dose of clozapine concomitantly administered. More data derived from good quality research are needed in order to confirm the circumstances of TGAs recommendation in patients with URS, either as monotherapy, or added to clozapine.
Drug resistance patterns and dynamics of tuberculosis in Zhejiang Province, China: Results from five periodic longitudinal surveys
Authors: Zhou Lin , Wu Beibei , Huang Fei , Liu Zhengwei , Wang Fei , Zhang Mingwu , Chen Bin , Chen Songhua , Wang Xiaomeng , Zhao Yanlin
Published: November 2022

Background

As one of the high multi-drug resistance tuberculosis countries, it is critical for China to understand patterns of drug resistance to better formulate effective treatment regimens.

Methods

The anti-TB Drug resistance surveillance has been conducted in Zheijang Province in years 1999, 2004, 2008, 2013, and 2018 respectively. We compared the prevalence of DR-TB from the latest survey with that of the previous four surveys in terms of all four first-line anti-TB drugs. We also examined the prevalence of rifampin-resistant TB (RR-TB) between the last two surveys and routine surveillance data.

Results

Among 996 patients surveyed in 2018, the prevalence of RR-TB in new and previously treated TB cases was 2.5 and 4.3%, respectively. The prevalence of RR-TB among previously treated cases was much higher than for new cases in the four surveys from 1999 to 2013, while there was no significant difference between these groups in the 2018 survey. The percentage of TB cases resistant to fluoroquinolones in new patients was 3.8%. The prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria increased over time; the prevalence of RR-TB among new cases slowly decreased. The prevalence of RR-TB in both new and previously treated TB cases from the latest two surveys was consistent with routine surveillance data.

Conclusions

This consistency between routine surveillance and periodic surveys for TB cases implies that with universal testing in Zhejiang Province, data from routine surveillance could be used instead of periodic surveys to improve access to timely and appropriate treatment for DR-TB. Levels of resistance were lower than whole-country and global estimates, further indicating the value of universal drug susceptibility testing.
Cognitive impairment assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination predicts all-cause and CVD mortality in Chinese older adults: A 10-year follow-up study
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Gong Xinran , Wang Shengshu , Liu Miao , Liu Shaohua , Wang Yanding , Wu Di , Yang Meitao , Li Rongrong , Li Haowei , Li Xuehang , Chen Shimin , Zhang Xiushan , Jia Ruizhong , Guo Jinpeng , He Yao , Wang Yong
Published: November 2022

Objective

Cognitive impairment (CI) has been demonstrated as a useful proxy measure of mortality in Western populations. However, the predictive value of CI in Chinese populations is unknown. We aimed to explore whether CI is independently associated with increased long-term all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Chinese older adults and the association of performance in specific MMSE sub-domains to subsequent mortality.

Methods and results

A total of 4,499 older adults [mean (SD) age, 70.3(6.7) years] who received a sample investigation from 2011 to 2014 were followed up till 2021 for mortality. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess cognitive function, and Cox's proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effects of cognitive function on the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and health status were included as covariates. During a 10-year follow-up, a total of 667 (14.8%) died. In the fully adjusted model, compared with cognitively normal participants with CI had a 1.33-fold [HR, 1.33; (95% CI, 1.10–1.61)] greater risk of all-cause mortality and a 1.45-fold [HR, 1.45; (95% CIs, 1.11–1.92)] greater risk of CVD mortality. After a similar multivariable adjustment, a per-SD increase in MMSE scores was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality [HR, 0.85; (95% CI, 0.78–0.93)] and CVD mortality [HR, 0.74; (95% CI, 0.65–0.84)]. In the unadjusted model, MMSE sub-domains (apart from immediate recall) were associated with mortality. But only orientation and calculation and attention were still independently associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in a multivariable model.

Conclusion

These findings confirmed that CI is a marker of all-cause and CVD mortality risk in Chinese older adults, independently of other commonly assessed risk factors, and some sub-domains of the MMSE may have stronger associations with mortality. Further research is needed to identify the mechanisms underlying the observed associations.
A new impact assessment model to integrate space debris within the life cycle assessment-based environmental footprint of space systems
Authors: Maury-Micolier Thibaut , Maury-Micolier Alice , Helias Arnaud , Sonnemann Guido , Loubet Philippe
Published: November 2022

By analogy to conventional environmental impacts, the potential release of debris or generation of fragments can be considered as the emission of an environmental stressor damaging the orbital ‘natural’ resource which supports space activities. Hence, it appears relevant to integrate systematically the impact of the emission of debris on the orbital resource within the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) step to broaden the scope of life cycle assessment (LCA) for space systems. The main objective of this article is to propose a set of characterization factors to compute the impact caused by the generation of debris within the orbital environment. To do so, the proposed approach follows the methodology of emission-related characterization models in LCIA. the characterization model enables to link the emission of debris and final economic damages to space activities through a complete impact pathway including the fate of debris in downstream orbital compartments, the exposure of targeted space objects to this debris, and the economic damage in case of collision between the debris and the space object. The model is computed for different compartments of the low earth orbit (LEO) region thanks to a discretization of the orbital environment. Results show that the potential damages are the highest for orbital compartments located in the orbital bands of altitude/inclination: 550–2000 km/52–54°, 1,200–2000 km/86–88°, 400–2000 km/96–100°, because of the downstream location of Starlink constellation, OneWeb constellation, and earth observation satellites, respectively. The proposed set of CFs can be used in the LCA of different space systems in order to include impacts and damages related to space debris, along with other environmental impacts. This original development fully in line with the standardized LCIA framework would have potential for further integration into harmonised sector-specific rules for the European space sector such as product environmental footprint category rules (PEFCR).
SDG-11 and smart cities: Contradictions and overlaps between social and environmental justice research agendas
Authors: Sengupta Ushnish , Sengupta Ulysses
Published: November 2022

There is an increased role Information and Communications Technology (ICT) plays in the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper focuses specifically on SDG-11 “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” and how cities are increasingly incorporating ICT toward this goal. The public discourse on Smart Cities suggests economic, social and environmental benefits are possible through the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). However, the increased deployment and use of digital infrastructure and processes in the name of sustainability and optimization itself is the focus of a growing body of critical literature on Smart Cities. This mini-review collates critical literature on digital infrastructures and processes related to SDG-11 and Smart Cities to identify areas of significance for further research. Although many Smart City projects discuss sustainability benefits, the distribution of benefits and risks across different communities is rarely examined. An increased use of ICT in Smart City projects can provide environmental benefits to some communities, while shifting the burden of risks to other communities. An increased use of ICT has its own energy and resource impacts that has implications for sustainability beyond the geography of individual cities to global impacts. The lifecycle and supply chain impacts of advanced ICT projects are being identified and documented. The end user of the Smart City projects may benefit significantly from the increased use of ICTs, while the environmental costs are often borne by disparate communities. In some cases, within the same city where a Smart City project is deployed, the inequities in distribution of environmental resources and services are exacerbated by layering new ICT implementations on top of existing socio-economic inequities. Therefore, this paper combines a broad view of Smart City environmental impacts, as well as a deep examination of the intersection of social justice and environmental justice issues to create more wholistic approaches for analysis of governance of Smart City projects. A more wholistic approach for governance of Smart City projects is required that includes combined social justice and environmental justice frameworks, toward achievement of SDG-11 goals.
Textile electromyography electrodes reveal differences in lower limb muscle activation during loaded squats when comparing fixed and free barbell movement paths
Authors: Svensson Felicia , Aasa Ulrika , Strong Andrew
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Traditional recordings of muscle activation often involve time-consuming application of surface electrodes affixed to the skin in laboratory environments. The development of textile electromyography (EMG) electrodes now allows fast and unobtrusive assessment of muscle activation in ecologically valid environments. In this study, textile EMG shorts were used to assess whether performing squats with the barbell resting freely on the shoulders or using a Smith machine for a fixed barbell movement path is preferable for maximizing lower limb muscle activation.

Methods

Sixteen athletes performed free and fixed barbell squats in a gym with external loads equivalent to their body mass. Quadriceps, hamstrings and gluteus maximus activation was measured bilaterally with textile EMG electrodes embedded in shorts.

Results

Mean quadriceps activation was greater for the free compared with the fixed movement path for the right (mean difference [MD] 14μV, p = 0.04, ηp2 = 0.28) and left leg (MD 15μV, p = 0.01, ηp2 = 0.39) over the entire squat and specifically during the first half of the eccentric phase for the left leg (MD 7μV, p = 0.04, d = 0.56), second half of the eccentric phase for both legs (right leg MD 21μV, p = 0.05, d = 0.54; left leg MD 23μV, p = 0.04, d = 0.52) and the first half of the concentric phase for both legs (right leg MD 24μV, p = 0.04, d = 0.56; left leg MD 15μV, p = 0.01, d = 0.72). Greater hamstrings activation for the free path was seen for the second half of the eccentric phase (left leg MD 4μV, p = 0.03, d = 0.58) and first half of the concentric phase (right leg MD 5μV, p = 0.02, d = 0.72). No significant differences were found for gluteus maximus.

Discussion

Textile EMG electrodes embedded in shorts revealed that to maximize thigh muscle activity during loaded squats, a free barbell movement path is preferable to a fixed barbell movement path.
Overview of how HCMV manipulation of host cell intracellular trafficking networks can promote productive infection
Authors: Mosher Bailey S. , Kowalik Timothy F. , Yurochko Andrew D.
Published: November 2022

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised and developing fetuses. Infection has also been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular disease, and the development of certain cancers. The wide range of pathologies associated with HCMV infection is attributable to the broad cellular tropism of the virus where infection affects every organ system. Like other viruses, HCMV must tailor host cells to support productive infection. In particular, HCMV dedicates many resources and various strategies to manipulate host intracellular trafficking networks to facilitate various aspects of infection across all infected cell types. The dysregulation of host intracellular trafficking networks allows the virus to translocate to the host cell nucleus for genome replication, facilitate nuclear import/export of viral proteins and immature virions, subvert the host immune response, form new organelles for progeny virion assembly, maturation and egress, and promote cellular migration and viral spread. However, due to their complex nature, many aspects of these processes are not well-studied. New research and omics-based technologies have recently begun to elucidate the extent to which HCMV dysregulates host cell trafficking machinery. Here we review the variety of strategies HCMV utilizes to dysregulate intracellular trafficking networks to promote productive infection.