bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI EFEK ANTIBAKTERI KOMBINASI DAUN GEDI DAN DAUN KUMIS KUCING TERHADAP Staphyloccocus aureus
Authors: Karnelasatri Karnelasatri , Trisina Jessica , Sekeon Yehuda Yeziel Theofilus , Febriani Fany
Published: October 2024

Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) and Java tea leaves (Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.) are known to have antibacterial activity. The combination of these two plants in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus bacteria needs to be known to determine whether there is a synergistic effect from the combination. The synergistic effects can be demonstrated by the presence of greater antibacterial activity in the combination of both plants compared to single plant extracts. The extraction of both leaves was carried out with 96% ethanol and the maceration method. Antibacterial assay utilized the disc diffusion method with an extract concentration of 10,000 ppm and an extract ratio between two extracts was 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. The positive control used was gentamicin, while the negative control used was dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The resulting inhibition zones of extract combinations were 8.21 mm, 9.49 mm, 7.86 mm, 8.03 mm, and 8.74 mm, respectively. The results of data analysis using One Way ANOVA showed a sig p> 0.05, which indicated that there was no significant difference between extract comparisons, both single and combined. Based on the inhibitory zones was obtained and the statistical analysis, the combination of 10.000 ppm 96% ethanol extract of Gedi and Java tea leaves had an antibacterial activity in the weak category and did not have a synergistic effect in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.
An integrated engineering worldview of synthetic biology education through the lens of webinar based pedagogy
Authors: George Iain , Ross Paul , Yang Yixian , Holub Martin , Rajpurohit Nina , Aldulijan Ibrahim , Beal Jacob , Vignoni Alejandro , Mishler Dennis
Published: October 2024

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary field that brings together engineering and biology concepts alongside the arts and social sciences to develop solutions to pressing problems in our world. The education of students entering this field has relied on a diverse set of pedagogical methods to accomplish this goal. One non-profit group, iGEM–the International Genetically Engineered Machine competition, has been a driver of students’ awareness of synthetic biology for the last 20 years giving many young researchers their first experience in the field of synthetic biology. Dissemination of synthetic biology concepts by iGEM has occurred through several programs including a webinar series started during the 2020 COVID pandemic. The iGEM webinar series successfully engaged students by taking inspiration from synthetic biology programs in Europe, North America, and Asia that had themselves evolved alongside iGEM. The webinar designers modeled the content after their experiences in iGEM as well as their academic courses, pedagogy, and mentoring experiences. This series has produced globally accessible pedagogy for both technical synthetic biology knowledge and the communication skills necessary to build and communicate synthetic biology projects. The hope is that this series functions as a lasting blueprint that can be used by future educators in synthetic biology and other disciplines to reduce barriers that students face when attempting to enter cutting edge fields.
Detection of dengue virus serotype 4 in Panama after 23 years without circulation
Authors: Chen-Germán María , Araúz Dimelza , Aguilar Celestino , Vega Melanie , Gonzalez Claudia , Gondola Jessica , Moreno Lourdes , Cerezo Lizbeth , Franco Leticia , Mendez-Rico Jairo , Pascale Juan Miguel , López-Vergès Sandra , Martínez Alexander A. , Moreno Brechla
Published: October 2024

Panama is a country with endemic Dengue virus (DENV) transmission since its reintroduction in 1993. The four serotypes have circulated in the country and the region of the Americas, however, DENV-4 confirmed autochthonous cases have not been identified since 2000, despite its circulation in neighboring countries. Here, we report DENV-4 detection in Panama in the last four-month period of 2023 with co-circulation of the other serotypes, this was associated with a peak of dengue cases during the dry season even though most dengue outbreaks are described in the rainy season. Complete genomes of DENV-4 allowed us to determine that cases were caused by DENV-4 genotype IIb, the same genotype as 23 years ago, with high similarity to DENV-4 sequences circulating in Nicaragua and El Salvador during 2023. This report shows the importance of maintaining serotype and genotype surveillance for early detection of new variants circulating in the country.
Impacts of forced and internal climate variability on changes in convective environments over the eastern United States
Authors: Franke Megan E. , Hurrell James W. , Rasmussen Kristen L. , Sun Lantao
Published: October 2024

Hazards from convective weather pose a serious threat to the contiguous United States (CONUS) every year. Previous studies have examined how future projected changes in climate might impact the frequency and intensity of convective weather using simulations with both convection-permitting regional models and coarser-grid climate and Earth system models. We build on this existing literature by utilizing a large-ensemble of historical and future Earth system model simulations to investigate the time evolution of the forced responses in large-scale convective environments and how those responses might be modulated by the rich spectrum of internal climate variability. Specifically, daily data from an ensemble of 50 simulations with the most recent version of the Community Earth System Model was used to examine changes in the convective environment over the eastern CONUS during March-June from 1870 to 2100. Results indicate that anthropogenically forced changes include increases in convective available potential energy and atmospheric stability (convective inhibition) throughout this century, while tropospheric vertical wind shear is projected to decrease across much of the CONUS. Internal climate variability on decadal and longer time scales can either significantly enhance or suppress these forced changes. The time evolution of two-dimensional histograms of convective indices suggests that future springtime convective environments over the eastern CONUS may, on average, be supportive of relatively less frequent and shorter-lived, but deeper and more intense convection.
Seismic response of deep soft soil sites with varying shear wave velocities
Authors: Peng Xiao-Bo , Ren Wen-Jie , Li Tian-Qi , Xue Ying-Ying , Tao Xiao-San , Xu Ling-Yu
Published: October 2024

The variations in seismic response between deep soft soil sites with different shear wave velocities were not fully understood. This study focuses on the seismic response of deep soft soil sites in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. A nonlinear dynamic finite element model was developed for two representative deep soft soil sites with borehole profiles and the shear wave velocity tested by the single borehole method. Two nonlinear cyclic constitutive models are used and thus compared through the site seismic response. To accurately calibrate the nonlinear cyclic model parameters, resonant column tests were conducted on 21 soil samples collected from the two boreholes. The results show that the peak ground acceleration (PGA) under low-frequency (Liuan) input motion was higher for soft soil sites compared to that under medium- and high-frequency (Kobe and Nahanni) input motions. The PGA amplification factor for deep soft soil sites under different input motions can be approximated by an exponential function. The peak ground acceleration tends to be lower as the equivalent shear wave velocity (Vse) decreases. The shapes of the spectral acceleration were similar for the two sites, despite a substantial difference in the Vse between them. Additionally, a crossover point was observed in the spectral acceleration for the two sites. The period corresponding to this crossover point increased with increasing intensity of input motions, indicating that the sites became softer with higher intensity and thus generally exhibited a longer characteristic period of the spectral acceleration. This paper also highlights the significance of selecting nonlinear constitutive models and the precise calibration of model parameters in the seismic response analysis of deep soft soil sites, providing a scientific basis for future similar site analyses.
Clinical perspective on innovative insulin delivery technologies in diabetes management
Authors: Koçkaya Güvenç , Battelino Tadej , Petrovski Goran , Jendle Johan , Sármán Beatrix , Elbarbary Nancy , Gökşen Damla , Alharbi Mohammed , Tibet Birol , Sharaf Amir Mustapha , Ökçün Selin , Öztürk Filiz , Kurnaz Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The primary objective of this study is to report the results of an online questionnaire and the in-person discussion sessions of physicians specializing in diabetes care in which their opinions about current diabetes management was obtained.

Methods

The Diabetes Innovation Summit 2023 drew attendance from a diverse group of specialized physicians from multiple countries. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to examine the technologies and medical needs associated with diabetes management. Using the results of the review, a questionnaire was developed by three experts from the steering committee to solicit feedback from specialized physicians. The online survey was made accessible between 10th December 2022 and 10th January 2023. Following the online survey, six structured in-person discussion sessions were conducted with specialized physicians from the Middle East, Central-Eastern Europe, and North Africa regions.

Results

The study revealed that about 59% of survey requests were answered, with many participants being pediatric endocrinologists from North Africa. Around 60% of diabetes patients followed Multiple Daily Injections (MDI) according to specialized physicians. Among MDI users, 62% employed Blood Glucose Monitors (BGM), 31% used intermittent-scanning Continuous Glucose Monitors (isCGM), and 23% used CGM. In North Africa, nearly 90% of patients used MDI due to financial constraints. While physicians focused on both Time in Range (TIR) and HbA1c for MDI-treated patients, satisfaction with TIR achieved was expressed by 31%, while 74·1% believed Real-Time CGM (rtCGM) was effective. Concerns arose about potentially misleading HbA1c results and the relatively low patient achievement of target TIR despite CGM usage. The Smart MDI System was seen favorably compared to other applications. The system’s affordability was a significant barrier, particularly in the Middle East and Africa.

Conclusion

The present study highlights that physicians are generally supportive of utilizing new technology. The questionnaires and the open discussion revealed the expectation that the Smart MDI technology provides better control, primarily by identifying missed boluses, while expressing concerns on the use of the technology by teenagers and children, who might forget the device and be reluctant to use in public, and by the older population, who might be challenged by the technology.
Assessing the synergistic effect of “pollution and carbon reduction” and “economic growth”: a perspective from bilateral trade between China and RCEP countries
Authors: Wen Ya , Shu Ruijie , Gao Chen , Yan Shiling
Published: October 2024

Introduction

With the accelerating process of globalization, trade activities have had profound impacts on both the environment and economic development.

Methods

This paper comprehensively evaluates the synergistic effect of bilateral trade on “pollution reduction” and “carbon mitigation,” as well as “economic growth,” utilizing panel data from China and RCEP countries spanning the period from 1997 to 2020.

Results

The empirical results reveal that bilateral trade significantly propels economic growth in RCEP countries and exhibits a positive “pollution reduction” effect, whereas its “carbon reduction” effect remains uncertain. To delve into the underlying reasons for bilateral trade’s failure to effectively mitigate carbon emissions, this paper undertakes a mechanism test along two opposing paths. Notably, the influence of bilateral trade on economic growth and “pollution reduction” in RCEP countries varies regionally. Specifically, bilateral trade is more efficacious in fostering economic growth in ASEAN countries. Additionally, bilateral trade enhances environmental quality in ASEAN countries, yet it deteriorates in non-ASEAN countries. Furthermore, this paper examines the intricate relationship between bilateral trade, economic growth, and “pollution reduction” through the application of the PVAR model. It concludes that optimizing environmental quality in RCEP countries is conducive to both local economic growth and bilateral trade.

Conclusion

This study not only bears significant implications for understanding the complex interplay between economic growth, environmental quality, trade liberalization, and environmental policies, but also provides invaluable guidance for policy formulation and implementation aimed at achieving green transformation and fostering sustainable economic development.
Local sediment amendment can potentially increase barley yield and reduce the need for phosphorus fertilizer on acidic soils in Kenya
Authors: Scherwietes Eric , Stein Mathias , Six Johan , Bawen Titus Kiplagat , Schaller Jörg
Published: October 2024

Soil acidification and low nutrient availability are two major challenges facing agriculture in most regions of East Africa, resulting in aluminum toxicity and poor crop yields. The amendment of local sediments to cropland can potentially alleviate these challenges, but responses are variable. In this study, we investigated the potential of two different local sediments influenced by volcanic deposits to increase soil pH, Si and P availability and reduce Al toxicity, thereby improve barley yield. Hence, a field experiment was established in Eldoret, Western Kenya, using 1% and 3% addition by weight of two sediments in barley cultivated plots. The Baringo 3% amendment significantly increased soil pH (from 4.7 to 7.0), the available P content (from 0.01 mg g−1 to 0.02 mg g−1) and decreased the Al availability (from 3.03 mg g−1–2.17 mg g−1). This resulted in a barley yield of 4.7 t/ha (+1061%). The Nakuru 3% and Baringo 1% amendments increased yield to 2–3 t/ha, while the Nakuru 1% did not significantly increase yield. These results highlight that, from a biophysical perspective, there are natural and local opportunities to reduce soil acidification and to partly replace mineral fertilizer, but its magnitude depends on the sediment and the amendment rate.
The role of forestry sciences in combating climate change and advancing sustainable development goals
Authors: Raman Raghu , Manalil Sudheesh , Dénes Dávid Lóránt , Nedungadi Prema
Published: October 2024

Introduction

As ecological disasters loom, forests play a crucial role in mitigating climate change and aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to systematically examine the contribution of forestry science research to the SDGs through a multidisciplinary perspective, highlighting its role in advancing global sustainability efforts.

Methods

Utilizing the PRISMA protocol, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 39,841 publications since 2015, focusing on the intersection of forestry sciences with the SDGs. Network and keyword co-occurrence analyses were performed to identify thematic clusters and interdisciplinary linkages among SDGs.

Results

Our findings indicate a significant focus on SDG 15 (Life on Land) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), emphasizing the forestry sector’s contributions to biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and ecosystem services. The analyses revealed thematic clusters centered around ecological sustainability, sustainable energy, and social development, demonstrating the diverse ways in which forestry research supports the SDGs.

Discussion

This study highlights the interdisciplinary nature of forestry sciences and identifies key areas of contribution while pointing to potential research gaps. Future research should explore advanced technologies such as AI-driven analytics and remote sensing, socioeconomic impacts of forest-based livelihoods, and innovative reforestation techniques. Strengthening urban forestry, enhancing interdisciplinary cooperation, and improving governance are recommended to ensure continued contributions of forestry sciences to global sustainability and the SDGs.
“Monitoring inflammatory, immune system mediators, and mitochondrial changes related to brain metabolism during space flight”
Authors: Tocci Darcy , Ducai Tomas , Stoute C. A. Barry , Hopkins Gabrielle , Sabbir Mohammad G. , Beheshti Afshin , Albensi Benedict C.
Published: October 2024

The possibility of impaired cognitive function during deep space flight missions or while living on a Martian colony is a critical point of concern and pleads for further research. In addition, a fundamental gap exists both in our understanding and application of countermeasures for the consequences of long duration space travel and/or living in an extreme environment such as on the Moon or Mars. Previous studies, while heavily analyzing pre- and post-flight conditions, mostly fail to appreciate the cognitive stressors associated with space radiation, microgravity, confinement, hostile or closed environments, and the long distances from earth. A specific understanding of factors that affect cognition as well as structural and/or physiological changes in the brains of those on a space mission in addition to new countermeasures should result in improved health of our astronauts and reduce risks. At the core of cognitive changes are mechanisms we typically associate with aging, such as inflammatory responses, changes in brain metabolism, depression, and memory impairments. In fact, space flight appears to accelerate aging. In this review, we will discuss the importance of monitoring inflammatory and immune system mediators such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitochondrial changes related to brain metabolism. We conclude with our recommended countermeasures that include pharmacological, metabolic, and nutritional considerations for the risks on cognition during space missions.
Virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.2.48
Authors: Wang Wenqi , Jin Qiushi , Liu Ruixue , Zeng Wentao , Zhu Pengfei , Li Tingting , Wang Tiecheng , Xiang Haiyang , Zhang Hang , Chen Qin , Gao Yun , Lai Yana , Yan Fang , Xia Xianzhu , Li Jianmin , Wang Xuefeng , Gao Yuwei
Published: October 2024

With the prevalence of sequentially-emerged sublineages including BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection has transformed into a regional epidemic disease. As a sublineage of BA.5, the BA.5.2.48 outbroke and evolved into multi-subvariants in China without clearly established virological characteristics. Here, we evaluated the virological characteristics of two isolates of the prevalent BA.5.2.48 subvariant, DY.2 and DY.1.1 (a subvariant of DY.1). Compared to the normal BA.5 spike, the double-mutated DY.1.1 spike demonstrates efficient cleavage, reduced fusogenicity and higher hACE2 binding affinity. BA.5.2.48 demonstrated enhanced airborne transmission capacity than BA.2 in hamsters. The pathogenicity of BA.5.2.48 is greater than BA.2, as revealed in Omicron-lethal H11-K18-hACE2 rodents. In both naïve and convalescent hamsters, DY.1.1 shows stronger fitness than DY.2 in hamster turbinates. Thus regional outbreaking of BA.5.2.48 promotes the multidirectional evolution of its subvariants, gaining either enhanced pathogenicity or a fitness in upper airways which is associated with higher transmission.
Transboundary transportation of CO2 streams by ships: regulatory barriers for scaling up carbon capture and sub-seabed storage
Authors: Argüello Gabriela , Bokareva Olena
Published: October 2024

Over the years, Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) has been recognized as a crucial element in the toolkit of measures to combat climate change. At the European Union (EU) level, CCS plays a vital role in climate policy, particularly in reducing CO2 emissions from hard-to-abate industries. However, no comprehensive legal framework covers all stages of CCS. These stages include carbon capture techniques, transportation by ships or pipelines, injection, site closure, and post-closure management. Each of these stages is regulated by different legal frameworks that address various topics such as geoengineering, climate change, industrial activities, property, transportation, port operations, waste management, dumping, health, and the environment. Critical legal questions remain unanswered, such as who is liable for discharges in the marine environment during the transportation of CO2 by ships and for the long-term management of sub-seabed storage sites. As the transportation of CO2 by ships will likely have transboundary implications, we explore the legal possibilities, limitations and risks associated with exporting CO2 streams for sequestration under the sub-seabed.
Morphological characteristics of CT blend sign predict hematoma expansion and outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage in elderly patients
Authors: Wu Qian , Chen Na , Ren Yunxu , Ren Siying , Ye Fei , Zhao Xu , Wu Guofeng , Wang Likun
Published: October 2024

Background and purpose

The underlying basis of the blend sign on brain computed tomography (CT) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. Few studies have examined the morphological alterations in the CT blend sign in ICH. Therefore, we assessed changes in the CT blend sign and their association with hematoma expansion (HE) and adverse outcomes in ICH patients.

Methods

We recorded the clinical and radiographic parameters of patients with ICH and blend sign on brain CT. The patients were categorized into two groups, with changes in the relatively hypoattenuating region of the blend sign (CHB group) and with no changes in the relatively hypoattenuating region of the blend sign (NHB groups). We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine the correlations between CHB and HE and poor outcomes. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to confirm the predictive power of CHB.

Results

In total, 183 patients were included in the study, of whom 74 (40.4%) demonstrated changes in the hypoattenuating region of the blend sign, whereas 109 (59.6%) did not. Compared with the NHB group, patients in the CHB group exhibited significantly higher levels of HE and adverse outcomes. After adjustment for confounding factors, CHB was independently associated with HE (odds ratio, 19.401 [95% CI, 7.217–52.163]; p < 0.001) and poor 3-month outcomes (odds ratio, 2.638 [95% CI, 1.391–5.003]; p = 0.003) in the multivariate analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CHB for predicting HE were 0.877, 0.768, 0.791, and 0.862, respectively, whereas these values for predicting poor outcomes were 0.789, 0.641, 0.688, and 0.752, respectively.

Conclusion

Changes of a hypoattenuating region within the blend sign have good predictive accuracy for HE and short-term adverse outcomes in elderly patients with ICH.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05548530.
Copper pyrazole addition regulates soil mineral nitrogen turnover by mediating microbial traits
Authors: Wang Yuming , Zhong Wenling , Zhang Xiwen , Cao Minghui , Ni Zheng , Zhang Mengxia , Li Jiangye , Duan Yan , Wu Lifang
Published: October 2024

The huge amount of urea applied has necessitated best-developed practices to slow down the release of nitrogen (N) fertilizer while minimizing nitrate loss. However, the impact of nitrification inhibitors on mineral-N turnover and the associated microbial mechanisms at different stages remains unknown. A 60-day incubation experiment was conducted with four treatments: no fertilizer (CK), urea (U), urea with copper pyrazole (UC), and urea coated with copper pyrazole (SUC), to evaluate the changes about soil ammonia N (NH4+-N) and nitrate N (NO3−-N) levels as well as in soil microbial community throughout the whole incubation period. The results showed that copper pyrazole exhibited significantly higher inhibition rates on urease compared to other metal-pyrazole coordination compounds. The soil NH4+-N content peaked on the 10th day and was significantly greater in UC compared to U, while the NO3−-N content was significantly greater in U compared to UC on the 60th day. Copper pyrazole mainly decreased the expression of nitrifying (AOB-amoA) and denitrifying (nirK) genes, impacting the soil microbial community. Co-occurrence network suggested that Mycobacterium and Cronobacter sakazakii-driven Cluster 4 community potentially affected the nitrification process in the initial phase, converting NH4+-N to NO3−-N. Fusarium-driven Cluster 3 community likely facilitated the denitrification of NO3−-N and caused N loss to the atmosphere in the late stage. The application of copper pyrazole may influence the process of nitrification and denitrification by regulating soil microbial traits (module community and functional genes). Our research indicates that the addition of copper pyrazole alters the community function driven by keystone taxa, altering mineral-N turnover and supporting the use of nitrification inhibitors in sustainable agriculture.
Host genotype and age shape the microbial community in the rhizosphere soils of Camellia forests
Authors: Lv Jiayan , Huo Chunyu , Zhang Jianlang , Huang Yongfang , Su Yu , Lv Yuzhou , Xie Xianan , Chen Zujing
Published: October 2024

Microbiota living in the rhizosphere influences plant growth and fitness, from the opposite perspective; whether host genotypes control its root microbiota is of great interest to forest breeders and microbiologists. To improve low-yield plantations and promote sustainable management of Camellia oleifera, high-throughput sequencing was used to study the chemical properties and microbiome in rhizosphere soil of Camellia forests under three genotypes (common C. oleifera, local C. gauchowensis, and C. chekiangoleosa) and three growth stages (sapling stage at 4-year-old, primary fruit stage at 7-year-old, and full fruiting stage at 11-year-old). The results showed that the rhizosphere soil organic matter (OM), nutrient concentrations, diversity, and community composition of the microbiome were significantly varied among different Camellia genotypes. The relative abundance of symbiotic and pathotrophic fungi in the rhizosphere soil of C. chekiangoleosa was significantly higher than that of C. gauchowensis. Concentrations of OM, available phosphorus (AP), and bacterial alpha diversity increased with tree age. Fungi of Saitozyma, Mortierella, and Glomeromycota and bacteria of Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia and Vicinamibacterales had potential for fertilizer development for Camellia plantation. Camellia genotypes and growth stages were significantly correlated with the rhizosphere soil pH, OM, and available potassium (AK). Soil pH and OM were key factors that affected the microbiome in the Camellia rhizosphere soils. In conclusion, tree genotypes and growth stages shaped microbial communities in Camellia rhizosphere soils, and some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria were identified as preliminary candidates for improving Camellia plantation growth.
First isolation of bovine coronavirus with a three-amino-acid deletion in the N gene causing severe respiratory and digestive disease in calve
Authors: Li Siyuan , Yuan Xuesong , Mao Li , Cai Xuhang , Xu Xingang , Li Jizong , Li Bin
Published: October 2024

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV), a persistent threat to global cattle industry, has caused significant economic losses worldwide. In this study, a viral strain was isolated from the intestinal content of a diseased calve, and identified by cytopathic effects observation, indirect immunofluorescence assay and electron microscopy. Results showed that BCoV NXWZ2310 belonging to the GIIb genotype and has a three-amino-acid deletion in the serine-rich region of the N gene. Importantly, the BCoV NXWZ2310 strain exhibited strong pathogenicity, causing nasal discharge and watery diarrhea in calves for 8 and 10 days, respectively. Viral shedding was detected in nasal, throat and rectal swabs at levels reaching 106.228 copies/mL, 105.0 copies /mL and 106.692 copies/mL, respectively. Pathological examination showed that NXWZ2310 resulted in parenchymal lesions of the pulmonary lobe and significant intestinal lesions. Both the lungs and intestines displayed marked microscopic lesions with clear viral antigens present. BCoV NXWZ2310 strain with N-gene deletion mutations, caused severe respiratory and digestive disease in calves. Therefore, effective strategies are needed for the prevention and control of this isolate.
Colonization profiles of gut microbiota in goat kids from neonatal to weaning period
Authors: Wu Yuqin , Hou Dunying , Zhan Siyuan , Wang Linjie , Cao Jiaxue , Guo Jiazhong , Li Li , Zhang Hongping , Niu Lili , Zhong Tao
Published: October 2024

Understanding the colonization and change patterns of gut microbiota is pivotal for comprehending host health. As a newly cultured breed, the studies on the gut microbiota of Tianfu goats remain limited. This study aimed to address this gap by analyzing the microbial composition and colonization patterns of fecal samples collected from goat kids from birth to weaning. Fecal samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 53, 55, 57, and 64, and the changes and colonization patterns of microorganisms were analyzed through high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that the abundance of fecal microbiota in goat kids gradually increased over time, followed by a decrease after weaning and stabilization, with reduced individual differences. The colonization of fecal microorganisms mainly presented three different stages: days 0–14, days 21–49, and days 53–64. During the suckling period, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (72.34%) was the highest, followed by Firmicutes (21.66%). From 21 days old, the microbiota in goat kids gradually to be diverse, with Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae being dominant. During post-weaning, Ruminococcaceae (30.98–33.34%) was becoming prominence which helpful for cellulose decomposition. LEfSe analyzed three important time points (d0 vs. d7, d7 vs. d14, d49 vs. d53, LDA score > 4 and p < 0.05), 53 microbial communities with stage differences were identified. Functional prediction using PICRUSt revealed that differential microbial communities are mainly related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways. Overall, this study addresses the intricate relationship between ages, diets, and microbiota compositions in Tianfu goat kids, and also offering insights into microorganisms-host interactions.
Predictive modeling of sensory responses in deep brain stimulation
Authors: Halász László , Sajonz Bastian E. A. , Miklós Gabriella , van Elswijk Gijs , Hagh Gooie Saman , Várkuti Bálint , Tamás Gertrúd , Coenen Volker A. , Erōss Loránd
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Although stimulation-induced sensations are typically considered undesirable side effects in clinical DBS therapy, there are emerging scenarios, such as computer-brain interface applications, where these sensations may be intentionally created. The selection of stimulation parameters, whether to avoid or induce sensations, is a challenging task due to the vast parameter space involved. This study aims to streamline DBS parameter selection by employing a machine learning model to predict the occurrence and somatic location of paresthesias in response to thalamic DBS.

Methods

We used a dataset comprising 3,359 paresthetic sensations collected from 18 thalamic DBS leads from 10 individuals in two clinical centers. For each stimulation, we modeled the Volume of Tissue Activation (VTA). We then used the stimulation parameters and the VTA information to train a machine learning model to predict the occurrence of sensations and their corresponding somatic areas.

Results

Our results show fair to substantial agreement with ground truth in predicting the presence and somatic location of DBS-evoked paresthesias, with Kappa values ranging from 0.31 to 0.72. We observed comparable performance in predicting the presence of paresthesias for both seen and unseen cases (Kappa 0.72 vs. 0.60). However, Kappa agreement for predicting specific somatic locations was significantly lower for unseen cases (0.53 vs. 0.31).

Conclusion

The results suggest that machine learning can potentially be used to optimize DBS parameter selection, leading to faster and more efficient postoperative management. Outcome predictions may be used to guide clinical DBS programming or tuning of DBS based computer-brain interfaces.
Age-related hearing loss in older adults: etiology and rehabilitation strategies
Authors: Zheng Qinzhi , Xu Zhuo , Li Nan , Wang Yueying , Zhang Ting , Jing Jiapeng
Published: October 2024

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a prevalent sensory organ disorder among elderly individuals that significantly impacts their cognitive function, psychological well-being, and ability to perform activities of daily living. As the population ages, the number of ARHL patients is increasing. However, the Audiological rehabilitation (AR) status of patients is not promising. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the health and rehabilitation of elderly individuals, and significant progress has been made in researching various age-related disorders. However, a unified definition of ARHL in terms of etiology and rehabilitation treatment is still lacking. This study aims to provide a reference for future research on ARHL and the development of AR strategies by reviewing the classification, etiology, and rehabilitation of ARHL.
Magnetogenetic stimulation inside MRI induces spontaneous and evoked changes in neural circuits activity in rats
Authors: Chuang Kai-Hsiang , Qian Chunqi , Gilad Assaf A. , Pelled Galit
Published: October 2024

The ability to modulate specific neural circuits and simultaneously visualize and measure brain activity with MRI would greatly impact our understanding of brain function in health and disease. The combination of neurostimulation methods and functional MRI in animal models have already shown promise in elucidating fundamental mechanisms associated with brain activity. We developed an innovative magnetogenetics neurostimulation technology that can trigger neural activity through magnetic fields. Similar to other genetic-based neuromodulation methods, magnetogenetics offers cell-, area-, and temporal-specific control of neural activity. The magnetogenetic protein—Electromagnetic Perceptive Gene (EPG)—is activated by non-invasive magnetic fields, providing a unique way to target neural circuits by the MRI static and gradient fields while simultaneously measuring their effect on brain activity. EPG was expressed in rat's visual cortex and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, resting-state functional connectivity (FC), and sensory activation was measured using a 7T MRI. The results demonstrate that EPG-expressing rats had significantly higher signal fluctuations in the visual areas and stronger FC in sensory areas consistent with known anatomical visuosensory and visuomotor connections. This new technology complements the existing neurostimulation toolbox and provides a means to study brain function in a minimally-invasive way which was not possible previously.
Case report: Germline CHEK2 mutation is associated with a giant cell glioblastoma
Authors: Bi Yongfeng , Wan Dong , Chen Si , Chen Huafei , Guo Lingchuan , He Xiaoshun , Rong Rong , Xiao Jinyuan , Gao Wei , Xiao Sheng
Published: October 2024

Giant cell glioblastoma often exhibits genome instability and is frequently associated with mutations in genes involved in DNA repair pathways including TP53 and DNA mismatch repair genes. Several germline mutations have been identified in giant cell glioblastoma, including mutations of MSH1 and MSH2, TP53, and POLE. We have documented a case of a germline mutation in CHEK2, another gene crucial to DNA repair, in a patient with giant cell glioblastoma. The CHEK2 mutation was inherited from the patient’s father, who had a history of gastric cancer and renal cell carcinoma. In addition to the germline CHEK2 mutation, the giant cell glioblastoma exhibited a genome-wide loss of heterozygosity, a characteristic observed in a subset of giant cell glioblastomas. Additional mutations detected in the tumor included TP53, PTEN, and a PTPRZ1-MET fusion. This represents the first reported case of a CHEK2 germline mutation in giant cell glioblastoma, further supporting the significance of impaired DNA repair mechanisms in the development of this disease.
Unilateral and bilateral radioactive stent insertion in patients diagnosed with inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a comparative analysis
Authors: Jin Jin-Long , Li Wei , Wu Zhi-Xian , Feng An-Qiang , Li Hao
Published: October 2024

Background

While hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) patients commonly undergo radioactive stent (RS) insertion treatment, the relative benefits of unilateral versus bilateral RS insertion procedures remain to be established. Accordingly, this study was designed to evaluate the relative safety and efficacy of percutaneous bilateral and unilateral RS insertion for patients with HCCA.

Methods

In total, 126 HCCA patients who underwent unilateral (n=64) or bilateral (n=62) RS insertion from January 2017 - December 2021 were included in this analysis. Treatment efficacy and long-term outcomes were compared between groups. The primary endpoint was stent patency, and the secondary endpoints included technical success rate, clinical success rate, local control rate, overall survival (OS), and complications.

Results

The respective technical success rates in the unilateral and bilateral groups were 90.6% (58/64) and 93.5% (58/62) (P = 0.782). The clinical success rates were 82.8% and 86.2% in unilateral and bilateral groups, respectively (P = 0.608). Both groups exhibited comparable medial post-intervention bilirubin levels (100 vs. 99 μmol/L; P = 0.501), and restenosis occurred in 12 (20.7%) and 15 (25.9%) patients over the follow-up interval (P = 0.510). The stent reintervention rate was significantly higher in the unilateral group than bilateral group (66.7% vs. 0.0%, P < 0.001). The median stent patency in the unilateral and bilateral groups was 189 and 210 days, respectively (P = 0.796), while the median OS interval was 222 and 229 days, respectively (P = 0.969). Comparable cholangitis (17.2% vs. 22.4%, P = 0.485) and cholecystitis (3.4% vs. 3.4%, P = 1.000) rates were also detected in these two groups.

Conclusions

In summary, HCCA patients exhibit comparable efficacy when undergoing unilateral and bilateral radioactive stenting, suggesting that unilateral RS can be routinely performed owing to the simpler nature of this procedure.
Delayed neurotoxicity in HER2-positive breast cancer: a case series on combined SRS and T-DM1 treatment
Authors: Turna Menekse , Çağlar Hale Başak
Published: October 2024

This case series presents four instances of late neurotoxicity observed in HER2-positive breast cancer patients with brain metastases following treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and subsequent trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) therapy. Despite initial control of intracranial disease, patients experienced neurological deterioration months to years post-treatment. Radiological assessments revealed distinct patterns consistent with radiation necrosis, particularly in areas previously treated with SRS and subsequent T-DM1 administration. These changes, characterized by enlarging cystic masses with hemorrhagic components, emphasize the importance of vigilant monitoring in patients undergoing combined SRS and T-DM1 therapy for brain metastatic breast cancer. This report underscores the need for further investigation into the long-term effects of combining SRS with novel systemic therapies, particularly in HER2-positive breast cancer patients with brain metastases. Understanding and mitigating late neurotoxicity are critical for optimizing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes.
Advances in ovarian cancer radiomics: a bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2024
Authors: Lan Wang , Hong Jiang , Huayun Tan
Published: October 2024

Objective

Ovarian cancer, a leading cause of death among gynecological malignancies, often eludes early detection, leading to diagnoses at advanced stages. The objective of this bibliometric analysis is to map the landscape of ovarian cancer radiomics research from 2010 to 2024, emphasizing its growth, global contributions, and the impact of emerging technologies on early diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), focusing on publications related to radiomics and ovarian cancer within the specified period. Analytical tools such as VOSviewer and CiteSpace were employed to visualize trends, collaborations, and key contributions, while the R programming environment offered further statistical insights.

Results

From the initial dataset, 149 articles were selected, showing a significant increase in research output, especially in the years 2021-2023. The analysis revealed a dominant contribution from China, with significant inputs from England. Major institutional contributors included the University of Cambridge and GE Healthcare. ‘Frontiers in Oncology’ emerged as a crucial journal in the field, according to Bradford’s Law. Keyword analysis highlighted the focus on advanced imaging techniques and machine learning.

Conclusions

The steady growth in ovarian cancer radiomics research reflects its critical role in advancing diagnostic and prognostic methodologies, underscoring the potential of radiomics in the shift towards personalized medicine. Despite some methodological challenges, the field’s dynamic evolution suggests a promising future for radiomics in enhancing the accuracy of ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment, contributing to improved patient care and outcomes.
The versatile multi-functional substance NMN: its unique characteristics, metabolic properties, pharmacodynamic effects, clinical trials, and diverse applications
Authors: Yu Bin , Jing Xiaotong , Jia Lina , Wang Maoru , Liu Liying , Ping Songyuge , Wang Yu , Yang Min
Published: October 2024

β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a naturally occurring biologically active nucleotide widely present in organisms and an inherent substance in the human body. As a critical intermediate in synthesizing coenzyme I (NAD+), it widely participates in multiple biochemical reactions in the human body and is closely related to immunity, metabolism, and other factors. In recent years, NMN has rapidly developed and made significant progress in medicine, food, and healthcare. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive reports on the research progress of NMN, as well as exploration and analysis of the current research achievements and progress of NMN. Therefore, this review is based on retrieving relevant research on NMN from multiple databases at home and abroad, with the retrieval time from database establishment to 20 May 2024. Subsequently, literature search, reading, key information extraction, organization, and summarization were conducted with the aim of providing a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the characteristics, metabolic pathways, pharmacological effects, progress in human clinical trials, and wide applications of NMN in drug development and food applications. Furthermore, it offers personal insights into NMN’s potential future developments and advancements to present the current development state and existing challenges comprehensively. Ultimately, this review aims to provide guidance and serve as a reference for the future application, innovation, and progression of NMN research.
RGD-based self-assembling nanodrugs for improved tumor therapy
Authors: Wang Bin , Tang Dongmei , Cui Jianqiao , Jiang Hongfei , Yu Jing , Guo Zhu
Published: October 2024

RGD-based self-assembling nanodrugs are a promising advancement in targeted cancer therapy, combining the specificity of RGD peptides with the benefits of nanotechnology. These nanodrugs enhance tumor targeting and cellular uptake while reducing off-target effects. RGD peptides facilitate the self-assembly of stable nanostructures, ensuring efficient drug delivery. Despite their potential, challenges such as immunogenicity, stability, tumor heterogeneity, and manufacturing scalability need to be addressed. Future research should focus on improving biocompatibility, advanced targeting strategies, personalized medicine approaches, and innovative manufacturing techniques. Overcoming these challenges will pave the way for the successful clinical translation of RGD-based nanodrugs, offering more effective and safer cancer treatments.
Genetic diversity, relationships among traits and selection of tropical maize inbred lines for low-P tolerance based on root and shoot traits at seedling stage
Authors: Schuster Andreia , Santana Alice Silva , Uberti Alison , Dias Fabíola dos Santos , dos Reis Helber Moreira , Destro Vidomar , DeLima Rodrigo Oliveira
Published: October 2024

The tropical maize breeding for low-P tolerance and good performance under low-P stress environments can be achieved through selection based on root morphology traits at seedling stage. Here, we assessed the genotypic variation and genetic diversity of a panel of 151 tropical maize inbred lines for root and shoot seedling traits, investigated the relationship among traits and selected a set of promising inbred lines for low-P tolerance and performance. We evaluated the inbred lines at seedling stage in a greenhouse experiment under two conditions: applied P (AP) and non-applied P (NAP). A mixed model approach was used to estimate variance components and predict the genotypic values of each inbred line. The genetic diversity among inbred lines based on root and shoot traits was assessed, and correlations were estimated between tested traits under AP and NAP. Our panel of inbred lines showed huge genetic variability for all traits and presented large genetic diversity under both P conditions. Variance components due to the inbred line × P condition interaction were also highly significant (P < 0.01) for all traits. Root dry weight (RDW) was positively associated with stalk dimeter (SD), shoot dry weight (SDW) and root length, volume, and area under both P conditions. Also, the SD and SDW were associated with most root traits under AP. Based on low-P tolerance and performance indices, we selected a set of top 20 inbred lines to be used in our maize breeding program. We therefore concluded that there is a significant genetic diversity in the tropical maize inbred lines which have the genetic potential to be use in association mapping studies and also to develop improved low-P tolerant and P-efficient hybrids and maize breeding populations for low-P stress environments.