bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of the physical environment to support everyday activities for people with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Woodbridge R , Sullivan MP , Harding E , Crutch S , Gilhooly KJ , Gilhooly MLM , McIntyre A , Wilson L
Published: August 2016

Difficulty with everyday activities is a key symptom and defining feature of dementia, relating to subjective reports of well-being and overall quality of life. One way to support individuals in their daily activities is by modifying the physical environment to make it easier to interact with during activity performance. This systematic review explores the range of studies available using physical environmental strategies to support performance in everyday activities for people with dementia. Seventy-two relevant studies were identified by the search. Physical environmental strategies included changes to the global environment and to architectural features, use of moveable environmental aids and tailored individual approaches. Strategies supported general everyday activity functioning (N = 19), as well as specific activities, particularly mealtimes (N = 15) and orientation in space (N = 16); however, few studies were found that focused on aspects of personal care such as dressing (N = 1) and showering or the preferred hobbies of individuals (N = 0). Overall, there appeared to be a lack of research within private home environments, and of studies which specify the dementia syndrome or the whole neuropsychological profile of people with dementia. More work is needed to extend theoretical understandings of how people with dementia interact with their environments so that these spaces can be designed to further support activities of daily living performance. Future work in this field could also incorporate the perspectives and preferences of those living with dementia.
Theory-Based Interventions for Long-Term Adherence to Improvements in Diet Quality
Authors: Vilaro Melissa J. , Staub Daniel , Xu Changjie , Mathews Anne E.
Published: August 2016

Many interventions aim to improve dietary patterns but not all are able to maintain these changes long term. Interventions informed by theory may facilitate dietary behavior changes and maintenance of these changes for longer periods of time. PubMed and PsychInfo were searched for theory-based interventions with long-term assessments of fruit and vegetable (FV) and fat intake. We identified 335 unique titles; 20 were included for review. Most interventions (65%) were based on social cognitive theory. Assessments of FV and fat ranged from 12 to 72 months postrandomization, and 15 studies reported significant intervention effects. Only 6 studies directly tested theory in relation to diet and of those, significant findings indicated self-efficacy, motivation for dietary change, perceived competence to eat more FV and less fat, and multiple processes of change were associated with long-term maintenance of healthy eating. Overall, this review indicates that theory-informed interventions are generally successful for long-term improvements in diet quality, although such improvements are often modest. Most studies did not directly measure theoretical constructs in relation to diet outcomes, thus limiting our ability to describe how theory-based interventions specifically promote long-term diet change. Recommendations for future research and practical recommendations for long-term maintenance of diet change are discussed.
Unidirectional or Bidirectional Relationships of Behaviors
Authors: Hernandez Daphne C. , Johnston Craig A.
Published: August 2016

Theoretically based behavioral interventions provide the most evidence for successful change; however, several issues should be considered when applying these interventions. For example, school-based obesity prevention programs can be used to teach children how to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors from an early age. Ecological systems theory provides a framework to design, implement, and evaluate school-based obesity prevention programs. An ecological framework emphasizes that the characteristics within and between systems place children at risk for obesity. Although this developmental process is considered to occur continuously and simultaneously, in practice, we tend to consider the relationships to be unidirectional. Using a positive behavioral momentum approach in practice may assist in addressing these complexities.
Criminology and the narrative turn
Authors: Presser Lois
Published: August 2016

This paper situates narrative criminology within criminology and the academy at large. Narrative criminologists ask how narratives, particularly narratives of the self, influence criminal and other harmful action. The idea that our stories shape our experiences is well developed in the humanities (literature, philosophy) and in the social sciences (anthropology, history, psychology, sociology). However, criminologists have caught on to that idea only recently, which is especially curious given abundant evidence of the impact of storied ideology on mass violence. This paper therefore addresses two critical questions: what is new and important about narrative criminology, and why has criminology only recently taken the narrative turn that other academic disciplines took decades ago?
Techniques of legitimation: The narrative construction of legitimacy among immigration detention officers
Authors: Ugelvik Thomas
Published: August 2016

In many countries, immigrating detention is a controversial issue. Immigration detention centres are frequently seen as concrete symbols of the most problematic side of state immigration control. Immigration detention is often seen as illegitimate by external (immigration law activists) and internal (detainees) critics. Detention centres, in short, frequently operate with a significant legitimacy deficit. This deficit creates problems for detention centre officers who want to feel good about themselves and the work they do. The professional role of the immigration detention officer can be personally challenging and emotionally demanding. Detention centre officers need to address the legitimacy deficit and somehow reconstruct themselves and the institution they work in as legitimate. This paper describes the narrative self-legitimation work that goes on when detention centre officers at the Police Aliens Holding Centre at Trandum, Norway share stories over lunch or a cup of coffee.
The Latin America and the Caribbean search strategy proposal
Authors: Ruiz Eloy F. , Proaño Alvaro , Proaño Diego , Torres-Román Junior Smith , Miranda J. Jaime
Published: August 2016

Latin America and the Caribbean’s public health literature is not widely recognized. Science in this region has even been compared to a night sky with just a few specks of light. To make those lights as reachable as possible, we developed the Latin America and the Caribbean Search Strategy (LACSS). This is a new method to utilize our region’s health promotion results within MEDLINE/PubMed. In contrast to a typical MeSH query, LACSS retrieves up to six times more publication results regarding non-communicable diseases, neglected tropical diseases, injuries and other important public health relevant topics in the region. We believe that global health promotion will be improved in this region by improving its visibility, and this search strategy will contribute to this.
Clinical manifestations in primary ciliary dyskinesia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Goutaki Myrofora , Meier Anna Bettina , Halbeisen Florian S. , Lucas Jane S. , Dell Sharon D. , Maurer Elisabeth , Casaulta Carmen , Jurca Maja , Spycher Ben D. , Kuehni Claudia E.
Published: August 2016

Few original studies have described the prevalence and severity of clinical symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify all published studies on clinical manifestations of PCD patients, and to describe their prevalence and severity stratified by age and sex.

We searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus for studies describing clinical symptoms of ≥10 patients with PCD. We performed meta-analyses and meta-regression to explain heterogeneity.

We included 52 studies describing a total of 1970 patients (range 10–168 per study). We found a prevalence of 5% for congenital heart disease. For the rest of reported characteristics, we found considerable heterogeneity (I2range 68–93.8%) when calculating the weighted mean prevalence. Even after taking into account the explanatory factors, the largest part of the between-studies variance in symptom prevalence remained unexplained for all symptoms. Sensitivity analysis including only studies with test-proven diagnosis showed similar results in prevalence and heterogeneity.

Large differences in study design, selection of study populations and definition of symptoms could explain the heterogeneity in symptom prevalence. To better characterise the disease, we need larger, multicentre, multidisciplinary, prospective studies that include all age groups, use uniform diagnostics and report on all symptoms.
Murine liver-resident group 1 innate lymphoid cells regulate optimal priming of anti-viral CD8+ T cells
Authors: Krueger Peter D , Narayanan Sowmya , Surette Fionna A , Brown Michael G , Sung Sun-Sang J , Hahn Young S
Published: August 2016

The liver contains 2 transcriptionally distinct group 1 ILC subsets: CD49a+ ILC1s and CD49b+ NK cells. However, little is known about how group 1 ILCs contribute to hepatic immune responses. Therefore, we characterized murine liver-resident group 1 ILCs and found that CD49a+ ILC1s express high levels of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A and localize near DCs in perivascular spaces surrounding the portal triads. Upon hepatic viral infection, NKG2A signaling in group 1 ILCs, especially in CD49a+ ILC1s, inhibits CXCL9 expression required for robust accumulation of IFN-γ+CD49b+ NK cells. As a consequence, NKG2A−/− mice showed increased numbers of IFN-γ-producing NK cells that preferentially activate liver CD103+ DCs, leading to the sustained proliferation of adoptively transferred, virus-specific CD8+ T cells. Collectively, these data suggest that group 1 ILCs play a role in maintaining the liver as a tolerogenic site by limiting the recruitment of peripheral NK cells during the early phase of viral infection. Furthermore, our findings implicate that the inhibition of NKG2A signaling on group 1 ILCs may be a novel vaccine strategy to induce robust CD8+ T cell responses against persistent liver pathogens.
Pore-pressure prediction challenges in chemical compaction regimes: An alternative VP/VS-based approach
Authors: John Ajesh
Published: August 2016

Understanding pressure mechanisms and their role in porosity-effective stress relationship is crucial in pore-pressure prediction estimation, particularly in complex geologic and high-temperature regimes. Overpressures are commonly associated with undercompaction and/or unloading mechanisms; those associated with undercompaction generally possess a direct relationship between effective stress and porosity, whereas those associated with unloading do not provide such direct indications from porosity trends. The type of associated unloading mechanism can be correlated when the effective stress and velocity become distorted with the onset of unloading. In the Ravva field, the pore-pressure distribution and overpressure mechanism in the Miocene and below it is a classic example of the unloading mechanism related to chemical compaction, thereby making it difficult to resolve the magnitude and trend of pore pressures. Here, the ratio of P- and S-wave velocities ([Formula: see text]) is analyzed from the drilled locations to understand the effects of lithology, pressure, and fluids on formation velocities and indicates a distinct decreasing trend across the overpressure formations, which I have corresponded to excess pressure resulting from chemical compaction. Across the high-pressured zones, [Formula: see text] ratios show low values compared with normally pressured zones possibly due to the presence of hydrocarbon and/or overpressures. A velocity correction coefficient ranging 0.83–0.71 is resolved for overpressure zones by normalizing the [Formula: see text] values across the normally pressured formations, and thereby assuring that a pore-pressure estimation using corrected velocity from [Formula: see text] analysis shows a high degree of accuracy on prediction trends. Pore-pressure predictions based on [Formula: see text] are a more effective and valid approach in high-temperature settings, in which numerous factors can contribute to pressure generation and a direct effective stress-porosity relationship deviates from the trend.
Using seismic noise derived from fluid injection well for continuous reservoir monitoring
Authors: Tsuji Takeshi , Ikeda Tatsunori , Johansen Tor Arne , Ole Ruud Bent
Published: August 2016

To construct a reliable and cost-effective monitoring system for injected [Formula: see text] in carbon capture and storage projects, we have considered a seismic monitoring approach using seismic noise from a fluid injection well. The passive seismic interferometry continuously monitors injected [Formula: see text], enabling the detection of associated accidental incidents (e.g., [Formula: see text] leakage). We have applied three approaches: (1) crosscorrelation, (2) crosscoherence, and (3) deconvolution, to the passive seismometer data acquired during a fluid-injection experiment in Svalbard in the Norwegian Arctic. The crosscoherence approach enabled the construction of shot gathers similar to active-source data. Reflectors from the reservoir could be identified on common-midpoint (CMP) gathers constructed via seismic interferometry, and seismic velocity could be estimated from the time-lapse CMP gathers. High-frequency noise from fluid injection operations and low-amplitude background ambient noise were suitable for reconstructing virtual seismic data. However, we clearly found that the time variation characteristics of the noise influenced monitoring results, and thus the stable part of the noise should be used for monitoring. We further applied surface-wave analysis to the virtual shot gathers derived from seismic interferometry and investigated variations in S-wave velocity structure in a shallow formation. We observed clear time variations in seismic velocity in the shallow part of permafrost regions. The information derived from the surface-wave analysis is useful in evaluating the influence of shallow formations on monitoring results of deep reservoirs.
Measurement of seawater average velocity using water bottom multiples from vertical seismic profile surveys
Authors: Li Yingping , Hewett Ben
Published: August 2016

Previous diagnoses of surface seismic velocity models with vertical seismic profile (VSP) data in the Gulf of Mexico have indicated that shallow velocities were poorly constrained by VSP due to ringing caused by multiple casing strings. This ringing also hampered direct measurement of the seawater average velocity (SWAV) at a rig site with direct arrivals of a zero-offset VSP (ZVSP). We have directly measured the SWAV at a rig site with a known water depth by using differential times between primary water bottom multiples (WBMs) and direct first arrivals acquired in a marine VSP survey. We developed a procedure to process ZVSP-WBM signals for SWAV measurement. This WBM method is successfully applied to VSP data recorded at 27 rig sites in the deep-water environments of North and South America. Our results suggest that VSP processors should implement this method and add the SWAV measurement in their future velocity survey reports. We have estimated water bottom depths using differential times. We found that the estimated water depths are comparable with those acquired from sonar measurements by autonomous underwater vehicles, but with large uncertainties. The WBM method is extended by using data from a vertical incidence VSP to measure a profile of the SWAV along the path of a deviated well and evaluate possible lateral variations of SWAV. This method can potentially be applied to a time-lapse VSP to monitor temporal variations of SWAV. We also evaluated the application scope and limitations of the WBM method.
Association of timing of menarche with depressive symptoms and depression in adolescence: Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Sequeira Maija-Eliina , Lewis Sarah J. , Bonilla Carolina , Smith George Davey , Joinson Carol
Published: August 2016

Background

Observational studies report associations between early menarche and higher levels of depressive symptoms and depression. However, no studies have investigated whether this association is causal.

Aims

To determine whether earlier menarche is a causal risk factor for depressive symptoms and depression in adolescence.

Method

The associations between a genetic score for age at menarche and depressive symptoms at 14, 17 and 19 years, and depression at 18 years, were examined using Mendelian randomisation analysis techniques.

Results

Using a genetic risk score to indicate earlier timing of menarche, we found that early menarche is associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms at 14 years (odds ratio per risk allele 1.02, 95% CI 1.005–1.04,n=2404). We did not find an association between the early menarche risk score and depressive symptoms or depression after age 14.

Conclusions

Our results provide evidence for a causal effect of age at menarche on depressive symptoms at age 14.
Arendt in Hong Kong
Authors: Pang Laikwan
Published: August 2016

This article explores the meanings of the arts produced in the 2014 Hong Kong Umbrella Movement, using a reinterpretation of Hannah Arendt’s political philosophy. It examines how these arts struggle with the tensions between politics and aesthetics. These arts are not only politically provocative in themselves but they also provide us new perspectives in understanding participatory politics and participatory arts, in general. The discussion is based on two sets of tensions: the tensions between arts and artifacts and those between actors and spectators.
Thrift Shop Philanthropy
Authors: Nickel Patricia Mooney
Published: August 2016

Although the charity thrift shop is typically treated as an apolitical nonprofit entity, it plays a significant cultural and political role in the contemporary practice of governing. In this article, I am concerned with how well-being is distributed through the governance of time and labor as it intersects with the circulation of the thrift shop commodities that fund the welfare mix. I am simultaneously concerned with how these practices of power—which are frequently degrading for those who have few options other than to interface with the institutions within which these practices originate—come to be rehabilitated as charity, in a cycle that mirrors the circulation of consumer goods upon which they depend for funding. I draw on critical theories of philanthropy, consumer culture, the welfare state, and time, as they contribute to our understanding of the inculcation of ascetics in relationship to contemporary practices of power. I substantiate these claims through an exploration of how the charity thrift shop belongs to a circuit of ascetic production involving the degradation and rehabilitation of consumer goods, which then, through the funding of training programs that belong to a particular temporal political economy, dictates the ability of many to achieve well-being by managing the degradation and rehabilitation of individuals.
Duke Ellington, Irving Mills, and the Broadcast Boundaries of Racialized Heteronationalism, according to the FBI
Authors: Peake Bryce
Published: August 2016

This article revolves around a deceptively simple question: Why did the FBI investigate bandleader Duke Ellington, the African American capitalist, political conservative, and pronounced Christian, as a communist threat in the 1930s through the Cold War? Answering this question involves situating the FBI’s “domestic security” program as product and productive of overlapping racial and sexual politics and investigating the FBI’s anti-Semitic conspiracy theory that Ellington’s early-career promoter Irving Mills (a.k.a. Isadore Minsky) was a Jewish communist intent on capitalizing on the racial transgressions of jazz pleasures. In telling this story, I further develop contemporary scholarship on the concept of racialized heteronationalism as nascent in surveillance and the state, as well as demonstrate the long history of US enforcement agencies’ reliance upon race and sexuality as categories for defining domestic security and surveillance protocols.
Comparative evaluation of the genomes of three commonDrosophila-associated bacteria
Authors: Petkau Kristina , Fast David , Duggal Aashna , Foley Edan
Published: August 2016

Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model to explore the molecular exchanges that occur between an animal intestine and associated microbes. Previous studies in Drosophila uncovered a sophisticated web of host responses to intestinal bacteria. The outcomes of these responses define critical events in the host, such as the establishment of immune responses, access to nutrients, and the rate of larval development. Despite our steady march towards illuminating the host machinery that responds to bacterial presence in the gut, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the microbial products that influence bacterial association with a fly host. We sequenced and characterized the genomes of three common Drosophila-associated microbes: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Acetobacter pasteurianus. For each species, we compared the genomes of Drosophila-associated strains to the genomes of strains isolated from alternative sources. We found that environmental Lactobacillus strains readily associated with adult Drosophila and were similar to fly isolates in terms of genome organization. In contrast, we identified a strain of A. pasteurianus that apparently fails to associate with adult Drosophila due to an inability to grow on fly nutrient food. Comparisons between association competent and incompetent A. pasteurianus strains identified a short list of candidate genes that may contribute to survival on fly medium. Many of the gene products unique to fly-associated strains have established roles in the stabilization of host-microbe interactions. These data add to a growing body of literature that examines the microbial perspective of host-microbe relationships.
RPGR, a prenylated retinal ciliopathy protein, is targeted to cilia in a prenylation- and PDE6D-dependent manner
Authors: Dutta Nirmal , Seo Seongjin
Published: August 2016

RPGR (retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator) is a ciliary protein associated with several forms of inherited retinal degenerative diseases. PDE6D is a ubiquitously expressed prenyl-binding protein and involved in ciliary targeting of prenylated proteins. The current working model for the RPGR function depicts that RPGR acts as a scaffold protein to recruit cargo-loaded PDE6D to primary cilia. Here, we present evidence demonstrating an alternative relationship between RPGR and PDE6D, in which RPGR is a cargo of PDE6D for ciliary targeting. We found that the constitutive isoform of RPGR, which is prenylated, requires prenylation for its ciliary localization. We also found that there are at least two independent ciliary targeting signals in RPGR: one within the N-terminal region that contains the RCC1-like domain and the other near the prenylation site at the C-terminus. Ablation of PDE6D blocked ciliary targeting of RPGR. Our study indicates that prenylated RPGR is one of the cargos of PDE6D for ciliary trafficking and provides insight into the mechanisms by which RPGR is targeted to cilia.
Ability of device to collect bacteria from cough aerosols generated by adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Ku David N. , Ku Sarah K. , Helfman Beth , McCarty Nael A. , Wolff Bernard J. , Winchell Jonas M. , Anderson Larry J.
Published: August 2016

Background: Identifying lung pathogens and acute spikes in lung counts remain a challenge in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Bacteria from the deep lung may be sampled from aerosols produced during coughing.

Methods: A new device was used to collect and measure bacteria levels from cough aerosols of patients with CF. Sputum and oral specimens were also collected and measured for comparison.Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae, andStreptococcus mitiswere detected in specimens using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) molecular assays.

Results: Twenty adult patients with CF and 10 healthy controls participated. CF related bacteria (CFRB) were detected in 13/20 (65%) cough specimens versus 15/15 (100%) sputum specimens. CommensalS. mitiswas present in 0/17 (0%, p=0.0002) cough specimens and 13/14 (93%) sputum samples. In normal controls, no bacteria were collected in cough specimens but 4/10 (40%) oral specimens were positive for CFRB.

Conclusions: Non-invasive cough aerosol collection may detect lower respiratory pathogens in CF patients, with similar specificity and sensitivity to rates detected by BAL, without contamination by oral CFRB or commensal bacteria.
Predicted protein interactions of IFITMs which inhibit Zika virus infection
Authors: Ganapathiraju Madhavi K.
Published: August 2016

After the first reported case of Zika virus in Brazil, in 2015, a significant increase in the reported cases of microcephaly was observed. Microcephaly is a neurological condition in which the infant’s head is significantly smaller with complications in brain development. Recently, two small membrane-associated interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITM1 and IFITM3) have been shown to repress members of the flaviviridae family which includes the Zika virus. However, the exact mechanisms leading to the inhibition of the virus are yet unknown. Here, we assembled an interactome of IFITM1 and IFITM3 with known protein-protein interactions (PPIs) collected from publicly available databases and novel PPIs predicted using High-confidence Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction (HiPPIP) model. We analyzed the functional and pathway associations of the interacting proteins, and found that there are several immunity pathways (interferon signaling, cd28 signaling in T-helper cells crosstalk between dendritic cells and natural killer cells), neuronal pathways (axonal guidance signaling, neural tube closure and actin cytoskeleton signaling) and developmental pathways that are associated with these interactors. These results could help direct future research in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the viral immunity to Zika virus and other flaviviruses.
Research Note—IT Outsourcing and the Impact of Advisors on Clients and Vendors
Authors: Bapna Ravi , Gupta Alok , Ray Gautam , Singh Shweta
Published: August 2016

There is significant information asymmetry in the information technology (IT) outsourcing market. Clients are uncertain about vendors’ capabilities and vendors are uncertain about clients’ requirements. Prior literature has examined many devices to reduce such information asymmetry, e.g., vendor reputation, client-vendor prior relationship, vendors’ Capability Maturity Model (CMM) rating, vendor location, and technological diversity of the vendor. We examine the impact of (to our knowledge) a hitherto unconsidered device, i.e., the use of an advisor. In the context of global sourcing, third-party advisors, with their accumulated knowledge of client requirements and the vendor landscape, can mitigate the information asymmetry between clients and vendors. However, in an extensive data set of IT outsourcing contracts going back two decades we found use of advisors to be rare (less than 5% of contracts go through an advisor). This motivates us to rigorously analyze their impact on clients and vendors as an open empirical question. Using a data set of 753 large IT outsourcing contracts, and through a series of econometric specifications and robustness tests, we establish that the presence of an advisor is associated with higher revenue for vendors and more positive contract outcomes. This analysis presents what is to our knowledge the first concrete evidence that third-party advisors can mitigate the information asymmetry in the IT outsourcing market and lead to better matching that benefits clients as well as vendors.
Augmented Lagrangian Methods for Solving Optimization Problems with Stochastic-Order Constraints
Authors: Dentcheva Darinka , Martinez Gabriela , Wolfhagen Eli
Published: August 2016

We investigate risk-averse stochastic optimization problems with a risk-shaping constraint in the form of a stochastic-order relation. Both univariate and multivariate orders are considered. We extend the notion of a linear multivariate order, adding flexibility with respect to the controlled portion of the distributions. We propose several methods for the numerical solution of these problems based on augmented Lagrangian framework and analyze their convergence. The methods construct finite-dimensional risk-neutral approximations of the optimization problem whose solutions converge to the solution of the original problem. In the case of univariate stochastic dominance, we explore augmented Lagrangian functionals based on inverse formulations of the stochastic-order constraint. The performance of the methods is compared to other extant numerical methods and shows the numerical advantage of the augmented Lagrangian framework. The proposed numerical approach is particularly successful when applied to problems with multivariate stochastic dominance constraints.
Aortic aneurysm: awareness, causes and management
Authors: Atkin Leanne , van Orsouw Michael , Bond Emma , Lear Rachael
Published: August 2016

The term aneurysm describes a localised widening or ballooning of a section of an artery—an increase of greater than 50% of the normal size is defined as aneurysmal ( UpChurch Jr and Criado, 2009 ). Aneurysmal changes can be found in any artery but are most commonly seen in the aorta ( Nienaber and Fattori, 2012 ). Aneurysms can be asymptomatic or symptomatic, but may be life-threatening if there is sudden dissection or rupturing. This article describes the differences between abdominal and thoracic aneurysms, and explores the incidence, causes, and treatment of thoracic aneurysmal disease, highlighting the importance of vigilant postoperative care.
Cardiac transplantation
Authors: Jane Palmer Sarah
Published: August 2016

This section presents a concise overview of the conditions, treatments and clinical procedures in the field of cardiovascular care. This ‘back-to-basics’ article aims to refresh nurses' knowledge on correct theory and practice, as well as introduce students and junior nurses to aspects of practice
“My Voice Counts, Too”: Voting Participation Among Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Agran Martin , MacLean William E. , Andren Katherine Anne Kitchen
Published: August 2016

Despite a strong societal commitment to ensuring that individuals with intellectual disability (ID) fully participate in their communities, few people with ID vote. Little is known about voting experiences from the perspective of people with ID. In-person, semistructured interviews were conducted with 28 adults with ID (Mage = 37 years) to obtain their input on voting. Constant comparison and content analysis methods were used to characterize themes. Results indicated that people with ID are interested in voting and desire to be included in the voting process yet receive little education on political issues or on how to make voting-related decisions. Support from family or service providers and self-advocacy facilitated their ability to vote. Implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Periodontitis in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Fröhlich Hanna , Herrmann Kristina , Franke Jennifer , Karimi Alamara , Täger Tobias , Cebola Rita , Katus Hugo A. , Zugck Christian , Frankenstein Lutz
Published: August 2016

Periodontal disease has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether a correlation between periodontitis and chronic heart failure exists, as well as the nature of the underlying cause.

We enrolled 71 patients (mean age, 54 ± 13 yr; 56 men) who had stable chronic heart failure; all underwent complete cardiologic and dental evaluations. The periodontal screening index was used to quantify the degree of periodontal disease. We compared the findings to those in the general population with use of data from the 4th German Dental Health Survey.

Gingivitis, moderate periodontitis, and severe periodontitis were present in 17 (24%), 17 (24%), and 37 (52%) patients, respectively. Severe periodontitis was more prevalent among chronic heart failure patients than in the general population. In contrast, moderate periodontitis was more prevalent in the general population (P <0.00001). The severity of periodontal disease was not associated with the cause of chronic heart failure or the severity of heart failure symptoms. Six-minute walking distance was the only independent predictor of severe periodontitis.

Periodontal disease is highly prevalent in chronic heart failure patients regardless of the cause of heart failure. Prospective trials are warranted to clarify the causal relationship between both diseases.
Infective Endocarditis of the Aortic Valve with Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet Aneurysm
Authors: Tomsic Anton , Li Wilson W.L. , van Paridon Marieke , Bindraban Navin R. , de Mol Bas A.J.M.
Published: August 2016

Mitral valve leaflet aneurysm is a rare and potentially devastating complication of aortic valve endocarditis. We report the case of a 48-year-old man who had endocarditis of the native aortic valve and a concomitant aneurysm of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. Severe mitral regurgitation occurred after the aneurysm perforated. The patient showed no signs of heart failure and completed a 6-week regimen of antibiotic therapy before undergoing successful aortic and mitral valve replacement. In addition to the patient's case, we review the relevant medical literature.
The invisible schism: Teachers’ and administrators’ differing perceptions of education reforms
Authors: Bridich Sarah Melvoin
Published: August 2016

This study examined teachers’ and administrators’ perceptions of education reforms, focusing on a state legislated education bill that altered teacher evaluations. A mixed-method design, including an electronic survey, was used to gather perceptions of Colorado Senate Bill 10-191: Great Teachers and Leaders Act from teachers and administrators in the Rockies School District (RSD), as well as these two groups’ general perceptions of teacher evaluations, education reforms, and change. Results revealed that teachers collectively hold similar views of education reforms, as do administrators; however, how each group perceives these elements of education policy and reform differs significantly. Both teachers and administrators believed that their groups see education reforms similarly, yet these groups had statistically significant differences on more than half of the survey questions. Qualitative data, in the form of open-ended responses to survey questions and semi-formal interviews, corroborated these findings. The two groups were unaware that their perceptions vary on critical issues related to the successful implementation of this education reform. This perception gap raises the questions of whether and how they can work together as reform implementation moves forward, and whether and how they can collectively support student learning as each group envisions, regardless of the policy itself.
Science teachers’ data use practices: A descriptive analysis
Authors: Snodgrass Rangel Virginia , Monroy Carlos , Bell Elizabeth
Published: August 2016

There is a debate on students’ low science achievement in the United States, particularly among low income, African American students, and Latino students. An important part of the education community’s response to low achievement generally and in science specifically has been the implementation of high stakes accountability policies. Because of accountability’s emphasis on educator data use, much research has examined different facets of it throughout educational organizations, but research has not focused on the extent to which data use might be content-specific. The purpose of this paper, then, was to investigate the data use practices of science teachers. Drawing from a broader study of science teachers in grades 5-8 across six school districts, this study reports results from teacher surveys and interviews. The findings indicate that while there were examples of science-specific data use, most of the science teachers used data in ways consistent with previous content-agnostic research. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
The role of play on development and learning
Oyunun gelişim ve öğrenmedeki rolü
Authors: Pehlivan Hülya
Published: August 2016

Games, which are as old as the history of the world, were played all over the world in all periods of history and in all cultures; and will be played in the future. A game which can be rule governed or free of rules, but in which children always participate voluntarily is a part of real life; and is the basis for physical, cognitive, social, linguistic, emotional and social development. Games are the mirrors reflecting the inner world of children, and they are the imaginary environments re-created by children so as to understand their emotions and enthusiasm, distress and relations. A game, which is defined as a field of experimenting in which children test and reinforce what they see, sets up ties with the past and forms a source for the future. Games are regarded as  children’s most important pursuit, and they mean discovering, learning, creating and expressing oneself for children. All materials for playing which introduce regulation into children’s movements, which help them in their physical and psycho-social development, which develop their imagination are described as toys, and toys have important functions in children’s development and in the development of their learning and creativity. Designing playgrounds, which are the locations for effective learning for children,  bring about significant responsibility. Therefore, this fact should be taken into consideration while choosing toys for chidren and while desgning playgrounds, and games should be employed in pre-school education in the light of scientific data.  Özetİnsanlık tarihi kadar eski olan oyun, dünyanın her yerinde, her çağda ve her kültürde oynanmıştır ve oynanmaya da devam edecektir. Oyun, belli bir amaca yönelik olan veya olmayan, kurallı ya da kuralsız gerçekleştirilen fakat her durumda çocuğun isteyerek yer aldığı fiziksel, bilişsel, sosyal, dil, duygusal ve sosyal gelişiminin temeli olan gerçek hayatın bir parçasıdır. Oyun çocuğun iç dünyasının bir aynasıdır ve çocuğun duygu ve coşkularını, üzüntülerini, ilişkilerini anlamak için onların yeniden yarattıkları bir düş ortamıdır. Çocuğun gördüklerini sınadığı ve pekiştirdiği bir deney alanı olarak tanımlanan oyun geçmiş ile bağ kurmakta, gelecek için kaynak oluşturmaktadır. Çocuğun en önemli uğraşı olarak kabul gören oyun, çocuklar için keşfetme, öğrenme, yaratma, kendini ifade etme anlamına gelmektedir. Gelişim basamakları boyunca çocuğun hareketlerine düzen getiren zihinsel, bedensel ve psiko-sosyal gelişimlerinde yardımcı olan, hayal gücünü geliştiren tüm oyun malzemeleri de oyuncak olarak tanımlanır ve oyuncakların çocukların gelişim, öğrenme ve yaratıcılığın gelişmesinde önemli bir işlevi vardır. Çocuk için etkili bir öğrenme mekânı olan oyun alanlarının tasarımlanması önemli bir sorumluluğu beraberinde getirir. Bu nedenle, çocuklara oyuncak seçerken ve oyun alanları dizayn ederken bu durum göz önünde bulundurulmalı ve özellikle okul öncesi eğitimde de bilimsel veriler ışığında oyundan faydalanmalıdır.
Cleaning timestamps with temporal constraints
Authors: Song Shaoxu , Cao Yue , Wang Jianmin
Published: August 2016

Timestamps are often found to be dirty in various scenarios, e.g., in distributed systems with clock synchronization problems or unreliable RFID readers. Without cleaning the imprecise timestamps, temporal-related applications such as provenance analysis or pattern queries are not reliable. To evaluate the correctness of timestamps,
temporal constraints
could be employed, which declare the distance restrictions between timestamps. Guided by such constraints on timestamps, in this paper, we study a novel problem of repairing inconsistent timestamps that do not conform to the required temporal constraints. Following the same line of data repairing, the timestamp repairing problem is to minimally modify the timestamps towards satisfaction of temporal constraints. This problem is practically challenging, given the huge space of possible timestamps. We tackle the problem by identifying a concise set of promising candidates, where an optimal repair solution can always be found. Repair algorithms with efficient pruning are then devised over the identified candidates. Experiments on real datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposal compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.
Faster plan generation through consideration of functional dependencies and keys
Authors: Eich Marius , Fender Pit , Moerkotte Guido
Published: August 2016

It has been a recognized fact for many years that query execution can benefit from pushing group-by operators down in the operator tree and applying them before a join. This so-called eager aggregation reduces the size(s) of the join argument(s), making join evaluation faster. Lately, the idea enjoyed a revival when it was applied to outer joins for the first time and incorporated in a state-of-the-art plan generator. However, this recent approach is highly dependent on the use of heuristics because of the exponential growth of the search space that goes along with eager aggregation. Finding an optimal solution for larger queries calls for effective optimality preserving pruning mechanisms to reduce the search space size as far as possible. By a more thorough investigation of functional dependencies and keys, we provide a set of new pruning criteria and evaluate their effectiveness with respect to the runtime and memory consumption of the resulting plan generator.
RUMA has it
Authors: Schuhknecht Felix Martin , Dittrich Jens , Sharma Ankur
Published: August 2016

Memory management is one of the most boring topics in database research. It plays a minor role in tasks like free-space management or efficient space usage. Here and there we also realize its impact on database performance when worrying about NUMA-aware memory allocation, data compacting, snapshotting, and defragmentation. But, overall, let's face it: the entire topic sounds as exciting as 'garbage collection' or 'debugging a program for memory leaks'.

What if there were a technique that would promote memory management from a third class helper thingie to a first class citizen in algorithm and systems design? What if that technique turned the role of memory management in a database system (and any other data processing system) upside-down? What if that technique could be identified as a key for
re-designing various core algorithms
with the effect of outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods considerably? Then we would write this paper.

We introduce RUMA: Rewired User-space Memory Access. It allows for
physiological
data management, i.e. we allow developers to freely rewire the mappings from virtual to physical memory (in user space)
while
at the same time exploiting the virtual memory support offered by hardware and operating system. We show that fundamental database building blocks such as array operations, partitioning, sorting, and snapshotting benefit strongly from RUMA.
Distributed data deduplication
Authors: Chu Xu , Ilyas Ihab F. , Koutris Paraschos
Published: August 2016

Data deduplication refers to the process of identifying tuples in a relation that refer to the same real world entity. The complexity of the problem is inherently quadratic with respect to the number of tuples, since a similarity value must be computed for every pair of tuples. To avoid comparing tuple pairs that are obviously non-duplicates, blocking techniques are used to divide the tuples into blocks and only tuples within the same block are compared. However, even with the use of blocking, data deduplication remains a costly problem for large datasets. In this paper, we show how to further speed up data deduplication by leveraging parallelism in a shared-nothing computing environment. Our main contribution is a distribution strategy, called Dis-Dedup, that minimizes the maximum workload across all worker nodes and provides strong theoretical guarantees. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed strategy by performing extensive experiments on both synthetic datasets with varying block size distributions, as well as real world datasets.
Query reranking as a service
Authors: Asudeh Abolfazl , Zhang Nan , Das Gautam
Published: August 2016

The ranked retrieval model has rapidly become the de facto way for search query processing in client-server databases, especially those on the web. Despite of the extensive efforts in the database community on designing better ranking functions/mechanisms, many such databases in practice still fail to address the diverse and sometimes contradicting preferences of users on tuple ranking, perhaps (at least partially) due to the lack of expertise and/or motivation for the database owner to design truly effective ranking functions. This paper takes a different route on addressing the issue by defining a novel
query reranking problem
, i.e., we aim to design a third-party service that uses nothing but the public search interface of a client-server database to enable the on-the-fly processing of queries with any user-specified ranking functions (with or without selection conditions), no matter if the ranking function is supported by the database or not. We analyze the worst-case complexity of the problem and introduce a number of ideas, e.g., on-the-fly indexing, domination detection and virtual tuple pruning, to reduce the average-case cost of the query reranking algorithm. We also present extensive experimental results on real-world datasets, in both offline and live online systems, that demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed techniques.
The Largest Response Component in the Motor Cortex Reflects Movement Timing but Not Movement Type
Authors: Kaufman Matthew T. , Seely Jeffrey S. , Sussillo David , Ryu Stephen I. , Shenoy Krishna V. , Churchland Mark M.
Published: August 2016

Neural activity in monkey motor cortex (M1) and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) can reflect a chosen movement well before that movement begins. The pattern of neural activity then changes profoundly just before movement onset. We considered the prediction, derived from formal considerations, that the transition from preparation to movement might be accompanied by a large overall change in the neural state that reflects when movement is made rather than which movement is made. Specifically, we examined “components” of the population response: time-varying patterns of activity from which each neuron’s response is approximately composed. Amid the response complexity of individual M1 and PMd neurons, we identified robust response components that were “condition-invariant”: their magnitude and time course were nearly identical regardless of reach direction or path. These condition-invariant response components occupied dimensions orthogonal to those occupied by the “tuned” response components. The largest condition-invariant component was much larger than any of the tuned components; i.e., it explained more of the structure in individual-neuron responses. This condition-invariant response component underwent a rapid change before movement onset. The timing of that change predicted most of the trial-by-trial variance in reaction time. Thus, although individual M1 and PMd neurons essentially always reflected which movement was made, the largest component of the population response reflected movement timing rather than movement type.