bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adequate method to study the surface passivation effectiveness in HEM multicristallin silicon wafers
Authors: Bouhafs Djoudi , Khelifati Nabil , Boucheham Abdelghani , Palahouane Baya
Published: December 2023

In this work we have examined the effectiveness of surface passivation on ascut multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafers using different techniques. The study is based on minority carrier lifetime measurements with quasi steady state photo-conductance, ‘QSSPC’. Effective minority carrier lifetime ()measured values of 12.4, 8.9, 4.9 and 3.1 are obtained respectively with four silicon surface passivation techniques: 1- Shallow phosphorous diffusion emitter (n+p), 2- Iodine-Ethanol (I-E), 3-Hydrofluoric acid (HF) emersion and 4-SiNx layer deposition. These results suggest that the shallow n+p emitter gives the eff close to the bulk lifetime due to the better surface passivation quality. Simulations made with Hornbeck-Haynes model indicate that the improvement can be correlated with the decrease of the surface recombination velocity (SRV) and the increment of bulk lifetime.
Caractérisation des vents pour une exploitation de la ressource éolienne à Mayotte
Authors: Bahedja Ibrahim
Published: December 2023

Dans le cadre de sa politique de diversification de ses ressources énergétiques, une évaluation du potentiel éolien -sur deux sites stratégiques- a été réalisée pour la première fois à Mayotte, une île de l’océan Indien. L’objectif est d’étudier les caractéristiques des vents qui balayent le territoire et d’estimer son potentiel éolien. Pour cela, deux pylônes haubanés de 40 mètres de hauteur, équipés d’instruments météorologiques, ont été installés sur deux sites stratégiques, au Nord et au Sud. Les données recueillies, compilées avec celles de Météo France, ont permis d’étaler les résultats sur une période de dix années, admettant une bonne caractérisation.
Performances thermiques et pertes de charges de différentes configurations de capteurs solaires plans à air Etude expérimentale dans la région de Biskra, Algérie
Authors: Labed Adnane , Moummi Noureddine , Benchabane Adel , Aoues Kamel , Zellouf Miloud
Published: December 2023

Dans cette étude, nous présentons les résultats expérimentaux relatifs aux expériences menées sur des capteurs solaires plans à air. En premier lieu, nous décrivons les différentes configurations étudiées. De ce fait, nous avons opté à combiner trois solutions technologiques, à savoir, i) introduire différentes géométries de rugosités dans la veine d’air mobile, ii) inverser le sens de l’écoulement de l’air dans le capteur, iii) faire circuler le fluide caloporteur de part et d’autre de la plaque d’acier inférieure ‘double passage’. En deuxième phase, nous exposons les résultats qui traduisent l’influence des différentes solutions technologiques proposées sur les performances thermiques et la consommation électrique d’un capteur solaire en comparant les rendements thermiques et les pertes de charge pour tous les cas étudiés.
Etude numérique comparative entre deux types de chicanes et ailettes (rectangulaire et rectangulaire arrondie) utilisées pour améliorer les performances des capteurs solaires plans à air
Authors: Menni Younes , Azzi Ahmed , Zidani Chafika
Published: December 2023

Dans ce travail, on se propose de faire une étude numérique comparative entre deux formes différentes d’ailettes et de chicanes transversales. La première rectangulaire à bout vif, et la deuxième rectangulaire à bout arrondi, sont disposées en chevauchement dans une conduite bidimensionnelle horizontale de section rectangulaire. Les parois du canal sont rigides, immobiles et isothermes. Le fluide (air) est du type Newtonien, incompressible à des propriétés constantes. Le régime d’écoulement est considéré permanent et purement turbulent. Les équations gouvernantes, basées sur le modèle k-E à bas nombre de Reynolds (LRN) afin de caractériser la turbulence, sont résolues par la méthode des volumes finis à l’aide de l’algorithme Simplec. Le code de calcul numérique en dynamique des fluides Fluent 6.3 est appliqué pour intégrer ces équations sur chaque volume de contrôle. Les calculs sont effectués pour un nombre de Reynolds compris entre 5000 et 20000. Une description détaillée de l’écoulement de fluide et du transfert de chaleur par convection forcée autour de chicanes a été présentée. Les champs et les profils de vitesse axiale, ainsi que la distribution du nombre de Nusselt et l’évolution du coefficient de perte de pression ont été traités le long du canal et pour différents valeurs du nombre de Reynolds. Les résultats ont été comparés à ceux obtenus par l’expérience dans la littérature. Cette comparaison montre qu’il y a un accord qualitatif ainsi qu’une très bonne concordance entre les deux résultats.
Wind-hydro pumped storage systems to meet lebanese electricity demand
Authors: Al Zohbi Ghida , Hendrick Patrick , Renie Christian , Bouillard Philippe
Published: December 2023

Lebanon is facing currently anacute energy crisis, due tolack of domestic energy resources, reduced production capacities and a growing demand for energy. Relying on wind energy could reduce the impact of this crisis. However, continuous change in wind speed from calm to stormy introduces challenges. One possible solution to address these challenges is to introduce new storage facilities or to use storage capabilities already available in the power generation system. Existing hydro power plants with large reservoirs or pumped storage hydro power plants are suitable for this purpose. Furthermore, Lebanon has a fairly high wind energy potential and hydro power resources. This paper is an attempt to analyze the design of a pumping station and the performance of a hybrid wind-hydro power plant, in three hydraulic plants to produce electricity in Lebanon (Markabi, Awali and Joun), in order to choose the most suitable plant to store electrical power. An economic analysis and an evaluation of the amount of water that could be pumped in each of the hydraulic plants are carried out in this study, in order to select the most suitable hydraulic plant to store the electricity surplus. Moreover, this study presents an economic evaluation of the implementation of wind turbines in Lebanon. It is shown that Markabi is the most suitable plant to store electrical power.
Etude numérique et validation des caractéristiques aérodynamiques d'écoulement autour des obstacles ovales en fonction des paramètres géométriques
Authors: Ghodbane Mokhtar , Boumeddane Boussad , Largot Soulef , Berkane Houda
Published: December 2023

Dans ce travail, on a étudié numériquement l’écoulement incompressible, non visqueux, bidimensionnel et stationnaire autour des obstacles ovales (ellipse horizontale, ellipse verticale et cercle) en fonction des paramètres géométriques avec un nombre de Mach égal à zéro. Nous avons deux paramètres, le premier est le grand rayon de l’ellipse (a) et le second est le petit rayon de l’ellipse (b). L’écoulement est modélisé par la méthode des panneaux dans les coordonnées cartésiennes. Cette méthode est basée sur le remplacement de la surface du profil par une répartition de sources et de puits. Les lois de variation des vitesses représentées, illustrent bien le comportement réel du fluide non visqueux via les corps multiformes mentionnés par les références bibliographiques spécialisées.
Hydrogen storage: Investigation of the elastic properties of Mg7NbH16 hydride
Authors: Bouhadda Youcef , Bououdina Mohamed , Fenineche Noureddine , Boudouma Youcef
Published: December 2023

Structural, mechanical and electronic structure properties of Mg7NbH16 were investigated using the norm-conserving pseudo-potentials and plane waves (PP-PW) within the general gradient approximation (GGA) in the frame of density functional theory (DFT). The computed equilibrium lattice constants are in excellent agreement with the available experimental and theoretical data. The elastic constants Cij of Mg7NbH16 were calculated for the first time. The Mg7NbH16 compound is found to be mechanically stable. The bulk modulus of single crystals has been derived using elastic constants. The results are discussed and compared with the calculated bulk modulus reported in the literature. The polycrystalline elastic moduli (namely: the shear modulus, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, Lamé's coefficients, sound velocities and the Debye temperature) were derived from the obtained single-crystal elastic constants. According to the obtained results, Mg7NbH16 can be classified as ductile material. The shear anisotropic factors and the elastic anisotropy are also discussed. A Debye temperature of 619 K was also determined using theoretical elastic constants.
Structural, electronic, optical and elastic properties of Mg3TH7 (T=Mn, Tc and Re) complex hydrides: First-principles calculations
Authors: Benyelloul Kamel , Bouhadda Youcef , Bououdina Mohamed , Fenineche Noureddine , Aourag Hafid , Faraoun Houda Imane
Published: December 2023

The structural, electronic, optical and elastic properties of Mg3TH7 (T=Mn, Tc, Re) complex hydrides have been investigated by using the density functional theory ‘DFT’ within the generalized gradient approximation ‘GGA’ parameterized by the Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof ‘PBE’. The optimized lattice constants, atomic positions and interatomic distance are in good agreement with both theoretical results and experimental data available in the literature. Band structure, densities of states ‘DOS’, optical properties, and elastic constants have been calculated. The obtained results of elastic properties were compared with those of the simplest Mg-based hydride MgH2. More importantly, it is found that, the energy band gap is highly augmented when Mn atom is replaced by Re, but it is less pronounced when Re atom is replaced by Tc. From elastic constants calculations, it is noted that MgH2, Mg3MnH7, Mg3TcH7 and Mg3ReH7 compounds are mechanically stable and are brittle. In addition, the polycrystalline elastic properties such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young modulus and Poisson’s ratio were also determined by the Voigt-Reuss-Hill, ‘VRH’ approximation. It was found that the bulk modulus of complex hydrides Mg3TH7 (T=Mn, Tc and Re) are higher than that of MgH2 and increases with increasing atomic number of element (Mn, Tc, Re) in the sequence (B) Mg3MnH7 < (B) Mg3TcH7 < (B) Mg3ReH7. The shear anisotropy, linear bulk modulus and percentage anisotropy in compressibility and shear were also determined and discussed in details. Finally, Debye temperatures were calculated and discussed.
Numerical study of mixed convection flows in a U-shaped channel
Authors: Naoum Meryem , El Alami Mustapha
Published: December 2023

In this work, we study numerically mixed convection flows in an open U-shaped channel. The right opening lets pass fresh air at cold temperature TC, while the walls of the channel are heated at the temperature TH > TC. Our study is based on a volume control method performed for 100 < Re < 700, Ra = 105 and Pr = 0.72. Results are presented in terms of thermal and dynamic fields, Nusselt number variation with Re, flow velocities and temperatures at the channel outlet.
Characterization study of the Albian reservoir of southern Algeria
Authors: Ouali Salima , Bouguern Abderrahmane
Published: December 2023

Deep oil and hydraulic drillings that have reached the Albian aquifer also called the Intercalary Continental aquifer testify that this is an important reserve of thermal water that constitutes the main geothermal resource in southern Algeria. The main purpose of this study is to define the structural characteristics of the Albian reservoir of southern Algeria such as localisation and structure, depth, thickness, and piezometric level. For this purpose, we have realized characterization maps using data from petroleum drillings of Sonatrach (National Society for the Research, Production, Transportation, Processing and Marketing of Hydrocarbons) and hydraulic boreholes of ANRH (National Agency for Water Resources) of Algeria.
Identification des zones côtières à fort potentiel en énergie marine renouvelable (vagues/houles) à travers l’étude de la morphologie côtière et sous-marine et hydrodynamique
Authors: Hemdane Yacine , Bouhmadouche Mohamed , Atroune Farid
Published: December 2023

Bien que les vagues soient souvent traitées comme facteur naturel érosif, elles transportent toutefois une énergie renouvelable pouvant être exploitée notamment pour le développement durable des zones côtières rocheuses (i.e., falaises) où l’électrification classique est souvent difficile. Au niveau Méditerranéen, les travaux de Besio et al., (2016) [6] ont montré que ‘la zone la plus énergique de la Méditerranée se situe dans le bassin occidental entre les îles Baléares, la Sardaigne, la Corse et la côte nord de l'Algérie et ce, avec une puissance moyenne annuelle - le long de la côte - d'environ 10kW/m’. L'objectif de cette étude est l'identification des zones côtières à fort potentiel en énergie marine, avec comme exemple d'application le littoral compris entre Tamentfoust (Alger Est) et Ain Tagourait (Tipasa Est). En se basant sur l’étude des indicateurs de la morphologie côtière et sous-marine, couplée avec la modélisation du forçage induit par les vagues à la côte par le modèle SWAN, des zones côtières potentiellement à ressource en énergie marine ont pu être identifiées. L'étude a montré que les vagues sont moins dissipées sur les petits-fonds des côtes rocheuses (caps), contrairement aux zones côtières meubles (sableuses) où les vagues y perdent une grande partie de leur énergie en raison de leur déferlement loin de la côte. De ce fait, les zones côtières les plus exposées aux vagues fréquentes se situent aussi bien sur les petits-fonds des côtes rocheuses que sur les côtes (naturellement) moins protégées par l'orientation structurale des caps. En l'occurrence, les résultats montrent que le forçage induit par les vagues des secteurs NNE et WNW est essentiellement tributaire du degré d’exposition de la côte aux vagues provenant du large (i.e., Ain Benian), de la position du trait de côte par rapport aux caps et promontoires voisins (i.e., Bou Ismail) et des pentes sousmarines proches côtières (i.e., caps de la région). Enfin, les résultats de ce travail ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de recherches pour l'estimation plus fine des puissances des vagues sur le littoral Algérien et ce, à travers l'actualisation des données océanographiques notamment celles relatives aux vagues et houles interagissant fréquemment sur les petits-fonds du littoral algérien.
Energy optimization of an electrical supply network by the integration of renewable source Case study: ADE - Adrar
Authors: Allali Malika , Tamali Mohammed
Published: December 2023

This research lies within the scope of environmental research for seeking solutions for the optimizations of energy in the electrical supply network ADE- Adrar (Algérienne des Eaux d’Adrar/Algeria). Indeed, the principal aiming of this research is the integration of renewable resources (energy independence and sustainable development) that it pushes us to consider from now on the energy problem not only according to the economic point of view, but also according to an ecological point of view (reduction of CO2 emission). This with us encouraged to develop our systems of energy on the basis of distributed generation on a large scale including/understanding renewable energy and the high-output energetic solutions.
Optimisation du dimensionnement des systèmes de pompage
Authors: Bouzidi Belkacem , Diaf Said
Published: December 2023

Le pompage de l’eau pour les besoins domestiques et l’irrigation dans les régions désertiques isolées doit être considéré comme une priorité et une application significative. L’utilisation de l’énergie solaire photovoltaïque (PV) comme source d’alimentation pour pomper l’eau est l’un des domaines les plus prometteurs dans leur application. Mise à part le conditionneur d’énergie (inverseur) et l’unité moto-pompe, qui ont atteint de très bonne performance, la conception du système de pompage est basée sur deux éléments importants : le générateur photovoltaïque et le réservoir de stockage. En effet, une mauvaise conception du générateur PV et/ou le réservoir de stockage pourraient affecter la fiabilité du système et créer ainsi un déficit sur la demande quotidienne en eau par la population. Pour caractériser la conception du système, nous utilisons une méthode basée sur la détermination de la probabilité de perte d’alimentation (LPSP) basée sur un fonctionnement d’une année. Il est possible que le volume d’eau requis par la charge soit supérieur à celui délivré par la pompe. Dans ces conditions, le besoin en eau n’est pas satisfait, il y a un déficit hydrique et une privation pour la population. Dans ce cas, la LPSP est définie comme étant le rapport entre le volume de déficit en eau et le volume d’eau requis. Dans cet article, nous montrerons que la taille du réservoir de stockage a une influence sur la fiabilité et le dimensionnement du système doit être traité avec une attention particulière. Le coût sur la durée de vie (life cycle cost, LCC) est utilisé pour estimer le coût de la configuration optimale.
PREVALENCE OF ANAEMIA AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY IN DELHI, INDIA
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Lenka Ajit Kumar , Kumar Sidharth , Lodhi Malvika
Published: December 2023

Anaemia is a major public health issue in India. As per the National Health Family Survey (NFHS), the prevalence of anaemia has increased (55.8% to 59.1%) from NFHS-4 to NFHS-5. Anaemia among adolescent girls is higher (56% to 59%) than among boys (30% to 31%). According to NFHS 5, infant and child mortality rates have improved since the previous round; therefore, attention is required for adolescents because they are future mothers. It is relevant to bring out the prevalence of anaemia in adolescent girls to prevent maternal and child health in the future. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 adolescent girls in Munirika urban village, Delhi. 60.4% of anaemia cases were found among 250 study participants. The study revealed that anaemia was highly prevalent among adolescent girls. Anaemia was associated with less literate, lower starta, poor diet and underweight factors. Anaemia was found to be significantly more common in adolescent girls, and this incidence was higher in lower socio-economic strata, parents who were less educated, poor diet habits, and underweight causes. To have an early impact on reducing adolescents' anaemia, school teachers and Frontline Health Workers (FHWs) should educate and counsel them during home visits. There is a need for IFA supplementation and regular diet pattern awareness among adolescent girls. Interpersonal counseling needs to be strengthened at the community level through home visits and initiating awareness programs. The nutritional status of adolescent girls can be improved through counseling and health education. T3 camps should be held at the school level to raise awareness of anaemia among adolescent girls.
The COELOMIC FLUID EXTRACTION AND COELOMOCYTES COUNT IN DIFFERENT EPIGEIC EARTHWORMS
Authors: Patil Soumya R. , Biradar Pulikeshi M.
Published: December 2023

The cavity of earthworm is filled with transparent fluid called coelomic fluid which is derived from the mesenchymal lining, exhibits a wide variety of biological activities. The coleomic fluid consists of various cells and many biomolecular components involved in innate immunity. This study aims to highlight the use of various standard methods for the extraction of coelomic fluid and also to calculate the differential coelomocytes count of three epigeic earthworm species such as Eudrilus eugeniae (EE), Eisenia fetida (EF) and Perioynx excavatus (PE). In present study, cold shock method was used for extraction of coelomic fluid from different epigeic earthworm species as it is more advantages than the other methods, especially for earthworms. During the study, four different kinds of coelomocytes were witnessed such as amoebocytes, chloragogen cells, mucocytes and circular cells. The total coelomocytes count was somewhat equal in allthree species with no significant difference, whereas a significant difference was noticed in differential count of coelomocytes i.e. Among all the coelomocytes amoebocytes, chloragogen cell and mucocytes were more in EE (56.33±0.33, 37.00±0.57 and 3.66±0.33) followed by PE (31.00±0.57, 16.33±0.33 and 2.00±0.57) and less in EF (24.00±0.32, 8.00±0.21 and 2.00±0.33) whereas circular cells were more in EF ( 66.00±0.57) followed by PE (50.66±0.33) and less in EE (2.66±0.33).
DISPERSIBLE TABLET AS A FORMULATION FOR ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Jangid Shubham , Yadav Akash , Jain Dinesh Kumar
Published: December 2023

Dispersible drug delivery methods are widely utilized nowadays to increase patient compliance and bioavailability. Overthe past years, dispersible tablets have gained a lot of attention as a preferable alternative to conventional tablets andcapsules due to increased patient compliance, improved solubility, and improved stability profiles. Dispersible tabletsmay be a better option, particularly for medications that react negatively to GI fluids, to cover up a medication's bittertaste, and for patients, who fall into the paediatric or geriatric categories, are bedridden, have recently undergonesurgery, or may have trouble swallowing conventional tablets and capsules. These tablets instantly break down in thewater to create the suspension. The key component of a dispersible tablet is the super disintegrants. When a dispersibletablet comes into touch with water, it becomes moist and swells significantly, quickly disintegrating.
CLINICAL PREVALENCE AND CURRENT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR GERD AND DYSPEPSIA, AND PERCEPTION OF EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF ITOPRIDE IN INDIAN PATIENTS - A PHYSICIANS' SURVEY
Authors: Shankar Hari
Published: December 2023

In India, little information is available regarding physicians’ use of various treatment options in the management ofGastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Functional Dyspepsia (FD). This survey aimed to understand theprevalence of GERD and FD across age and gender, and the treatment options used in the management of FD and GERDin the Indian clinical setting. A physician-based research survey was conducted between August 2020 and January2021using a 22-item questionnaire. A total of 379 physicians spread over 159 cities in India participated in the survey.Nearly 70% of physicians encountered 20%-40% of patients with symptoms of GERD and dyspepsia every month, with10-20% being newly diagnosed. Moreover, FD was reported in 10%-30% of patients by 70% of physicians; further,20%-40% of them had 30% patients with overlapping GERD+FD. For patients with FD, 56% of respondents reportedan overlap between epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and post-prandial syndrome (PDS). Most patients were aged 30-55years. The most preferred choice for treatment of EPS was proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) followed by prokinetics otherthan itopride, and itopride. The use of prokinetics for EPS was quite low and for PDS, PPIs were prescribed by almost50% of the physicians. Pantoprazole was the most preferred PPI. Itopride was considered for all patient profiles, withmost respondents using the sustained-release preparation. Findings from this research survey will help guide physicianson the actual prevalence of and optimal management strategies for GERD and FD in India.
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION, FT-IR PROFILING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PAPAYA (VAR. RED LADY) PEEL- A RICH SOURCE OF BIOACTIVE CHEMICALS
Authors: S. Roshni A. , S. Lubaina A.
Published: December 2023

Fruit wastes are produced in huge quantities which constitute a source of pesterer in the environment due to their highbiodegradability. To explore the potential of fruit waste as natural resources of bioactive compounds the present studyinvestigate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals, FT- IR fingerprinting and antimicrobial activity ofpetroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water extracts of papaya peel collected from variety red lady. The qualitativephytochemical investigation of papaya peel extracts showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins,saponins, terpenoids and steroids, whereas in the estimation, total amount of phenols was high when compared toflavonoids. The FT-IR spectroscopic investigation showed the presence of characteristic peak values with different usefulmixtures of functional groups such as hydroxy group, aliphatic, carbonyl, alcohols, phenols, alkanes, ketones, carboxylicacids, amine and aromatics. Among the four extracts evaluated, ethyl acetate fraction showed more numbers offunctional groups. The ethyl acetate and ethanol extract displayed increased antibacterial activity in all tested bacterialstrains and found as better solvents for the isolation of the bioactive compounds from papaya peel. Highest zone ofinhibition (20mm) was showed by Gram negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis against synthetic antibiotic tetracycline(24mm).
PHYTONUTRIENT ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND STABILIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM THE ROOT EXTRACT OF MIRABILIS JALAPA AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY STUDIES
Authors: Somashekarappa M. P. , Nandees H. B.
Published: December 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the aqueous root extract of a medicinal plant, Mirabilis jalapa. Theparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies. The average particle size of the AgNPs worked outusing PXRD and TEM results are 13-15 nm. Silver in the nanoparticles is found to crystallize in to face centred cubicstructure. Effect of the nanoparticles against the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcuus aureus (S. aureus)bacteria were determined. The AgNPs inhibit the spread of both the bacteria, but to different extents and the minimuminhibitory concentration of the AgNP solution is 29.0 ×10−5 g/mL against E. coli, and 25.4 ×10−5 g/mL against S. aureus.
SYNTHESIS OF COBALT FERRITE NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN HYPERTHERMIA THERAPY
Authors: Pal Debabrata
Published: December 2023

Co-ferrite nanoparticles have been prepared by wet chemical route using micelles. Two sets of particles with sizes of⁓100 nm and ⁓200 nm were obtained by varying the concentration of micelles. The morphological and crystallographicstudy of the particles was performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffractometer respectively. Tocheck the suitability of the co-ferrite nanoparticles in magnetic hyperthermia therapy, various magnetic measurementswere carried out in presence of AC and DC magnetic fields. To investigate the suitability of the particles in hyperthermiatherapy hysteresis loss of the particles under the application of AC magnetic field with various frequencies has beencarried out. The parabolic nature of power loss with the frequency of the applied AC field has been verified fromexperimental data. From various measurements, it appeared that the particles with an average size ~100 nm have betterefficiency in view of hyperthermia therapy. A large value of the specific absorption rate (SAR) was found from the achysteresis of the particles.
SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL 4,6-DIPHENYLPYRIMIDINE SUBSTITUTED BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVES ITS CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION FOR ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: MAKULA Dr. AJITHA , TABASSUM SANA
Published: December 2023

The research work involves the estimation and evaluation of pharmacological activity of designed 4, 6-diphenylpyrimidine substituted benzamide derivatives that act as HDAC inhibitors. The Histone deacetylases inhibitors are a new class of cytostatic agents that exhibits promising results cancer treatment. The four HDAC inhibitors approved by FDA for cancer chemotherapy is SAHA (Vorinostat), Belinostat (PXD-101), Panobinostat (LBH-589), and Romidepsin (FK-228). The six novel 4, 6-diphenylpyrimidine substituted benzamide derivatives were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for anti-microbial and anti-oxidant activities. The designed molecule with cap group as substituted 4, 6-diphenylpyrimidine of functional groups adjacent to the metal-binding benzamide was evaluated for the pharmacological activity evaluation. Prior to this, the work was done on in-silico studies by molecular docking and confirmed the anti-cancer activity. The Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial activity was evaluated as per standard methods. Anti-microbial activities involve the Anti-bacterial and Anti-fungal activity estimation. Hence, based on the pharmacological activity results, it is confirmed that the designed and characterized novel 4, 6-diphenylpyrimidine substituted benzamide exhibited the biological activity of Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial activity.
SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING LEAF EXTRACT OF ZINGIBER ZERUMBET (L.) SMITH AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY STUDIES
Authors: Somashekarappa M. P , Bhavan H. P.
Published: December 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the leaf extract of a medicinal plant, Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith. Characterization of the particles was done by Uv-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies.  TEM analysis shows the presence of spherical and quasi-spherical shaped particles with the maximum of size distribution curve passing through 24 nm. The selected area x-ray diffraction (SAED) pattern and the diffraction pattern from PXRD spectrum indicate that the silver in their nanoparticles crystallize in to face centred cubic (FCC) structure. Bactericidal effect of the synthesized AgNPs against the spreading of gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcuus aureus (S. aureus) were determined. The bactericidal effect was determined in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in nutrient agar media, and the MICs are found to be 13.75 ×10−5 g/mL against E. coli and 16.50 ×10−5 g/mL against S. aureus bacteria. The antibacterial effect exhibited by these AgNPs against both the bacteria is superior compared to that exhibited by the reference compound, ciprofloxacin selected for the study.
Synthesis of Fe3O4-Ag core shell nanoparticles using Cinnamomum verum bark extract and removal of methyl orange from aqueous media
Authors: Kumari Dr. Priya , Alam Prof. Masood
Published: December 2023

Green synthesis of Fe3O4-Ag core shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) was performed using Cinnamomum verum bark extract (CVBE) as the green solvent, reducing agent and capping agent. Aqueous solutions of AgNO3, FeCl3.6H20 and CH3COONa were used for the synthesis. The first formation of Fe3O4-Ag CSNPs was observed within 10 minutes of the reaction time. The result recorded from UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) favours the biosynthesis and characterization of Fe3O4-Ag CSNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that the shape is nearly spherical and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms the shape as spherical and minimum size achieved is 19 nm. The capability of synthesised Fe3O4-Ag CSNPs for adsorption of methyl orange (MO) was tested in batches. It was observed that the process is pH dependent with maximum adsorption occurring at pH 6. The adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 120 min of contact time. The data observed was fitted one by one to three different isotherm models, viz., Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm model to find the mode of adsorption. The process was best described by Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption kinetics was further analysed by using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and the Weber-Morris diffusion model on adsorption data. The kinetic data of this adsorption obeyed pseudo-second-order rate equation.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING SOLANUM NIGRUM LEAF EXTRACT AND OVERVIEW OF THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: ALBERT HELEN MERINA , C Alosious Gonsago
Published: December 2023

In the current study, we have detailed the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) employing the capping ingredient Solanum Nigrum. With the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption, and antibacterial investigations, the functionalization of ZnO particles through Solanum Nigrum leaves extract induced bio-reduction of ZnO was examined. According to XRD analysis, the produced NPs have a wurtzite hexagonal structure and an average grain size of 27.6 nm. The functional groups are further shown by FT-IR spectra. The indirect band gap is estimated to be 3.38 eV based on UV-Vis DRS studies. It has been proven that the particle size variations and surface area-to-volume ratios of ZnO-NPs are responsible for significantly higher antibacterial activities. According to the antibacterial study, the ZnO-NPs inhibit the growth of both normal as well as pathogenic bacterium and hence might be used for coating surgical equipment for performing aseptic operators in the medical field.
CONTRIBUTION OF GREEK-O-ARAB PHYSICIANS IN TASHREEH-E DIMAGH (ANATOMY OF BRAIN) - A REVIEW
Authors: Mohammad Munazir , Imran Khan Md. , Bakr Qadri M. Abu , Abdul Malik , Ali Ansari Nafasat
Published: December 2023

Brain (Dimagh) is the organ of consciousness, creativity, intelligence, memory, language and emotion. These functionsmake it utmost important organ of human body. That’s why Greek-o-Arab physicians described it as Aaza’aRa’eesa (vitalorgan) of the human body. Greek-o-Arab physicians like Hippocrates, Herophilus, Galen, ZakariyaRhazi, Ali Ibn AbbasMajusi, Ibn-e Sina etc. made great contribution in brain anatomy. They discovered various brain structures and describedprofoundly. They also described functions along with structure of different parts of the brain in detail.Objective of the current study was to compile progression of Tashreeh-e- dimagh (Anatomy of brain) in Greek-o-Arabperiod along with acknowledgment of contribution of Greek-o-Arab Physicians in brain anatomy. To compilecontribution of Greek-o-Arab Physicians in brain anatomy we search & collect the material from Unani Classicalreference books such as Kamil-us-Sanaa, ‘Alqanoonfiltibb’, KitabulMansoori, Modern books, Journal, Research Paper, &online resources etc. This paper enlighten the praiseworthy work done by unani physicians, who compiled theirobservations and research work about Tashreeh-e Dimaghi (brain anatomy) which is present in our ancient unani literature.The ancient unani literature became the base for today’s advance Neuroanatomy. This paper will provide enough matterthat will help and open door for further researches in Tashreeh-e Dimaghi.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC SUPPLEMENT ON OYSTER MUSHROOM SPAWN PRODUCTION
Authors: Roy Soma , Sinha Anita , Kumari Amisha , Mishra P. K.
Published: December 2023

The cultivation of mushrooms is a biotechnological intervention for the conversion of various lignocellulose agro-wastes into proteins. Jharkhand and its neighbourhood are potential area for oyster mushroom production due to its favourable agro-climate, plenty of agro-wastes and Hypsizygus ulmarius good awareness and liking for mushroom consumption. They also provide other much needed nutrients like Essential Amino Acids (EAA), minerals and vitamins and keep us fit and healthy. Oyster mushroom cultivation in India is very popular among the farmers due to its simple growing technique and the availability of its good number of species adapted to wide range of temperature - from tropical to temperate. Pleurotus florida exhibits adaptability to perform well in sub-tropical areas and hence it is more popular in Chotanagpur Plateau in general and Ranchi District in particular. In the current study, therefore, P. florida was selected as a test species. Experiments on the species of Oyster mushroom were designed with the sole objective to reduce the input-cost of their cultivation by promoting the use of cheaper recycled agro-wastes like vermi-compost for spawn media preparation. The study concluded that supplemented spawn medium like Wheat (50%) + Vermi Compost (50%) and Wheat (75%) + Vermi Compost (25%) gave better result as well as its performance is at par with 100% wheat for the spawn production of P. florida and. So this can be recommended to spawn production laboratories for the use of this methodology for reducing the cost of spawn production. Vermi-compost, which is a waste-recycled material, has been identified as a potential substitute for cereal grains. Their replacement (partial or total) with Vermi-compost has opened the doors to make mushroom farming a complete recycling process, and also to achieve organic farming of mushrooms a reality sooner than later. Therefore, more such studies on other edible domesticated mushroom species need to be made in future.
MODELING AND CONTROL OF ANAESTHETICS DURING POST SURGICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Sowparnika G. C. , Prasad Harikrishnan K K , Thirumarimurugan M
Published: December 2023

The major constraint in automatic control of anaesthesia is patient’s variability based on drug tolerance. A controller has to be designed in such way that it is robust to the actual patient’s response even if the controller is designed based on a nominal patient model. Anaesthetic agent used in this study is isoflurane gas and the controlled delivery of anaesthetic agent has to be given with utmost care of great accuracy because the agents used here have narrow therapeutic uses. The importance of the robustness of the controller to be designed is that it must provide a sufficient and controlled administration of drugs to avoid the situations of under and over dosing of patients. The hemodynamic parameters that are to be measured during drug administration is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), whereas another parameter to be measured during anaesthesia delivery is measure of unconsciousness of the patient called asBi-spectral Index (BIS). In this study, the anaesthesia control system is modeled and controller design is made for patient undergoing Intensive Care Treatment (ICU) after valve replacement surgery. The background analysis is made by observing the realtimeparameters such as BIS, MAP, and HR of patient undergone valve replacement surgery.
ROLE OF COX-2 IN ORAL CANCER AND IN-SILICO DOCKING OF NATURAL FRAGMENTED AND DRUG BASED LIGANDS OF COX-2 FOR INHIBITION OF PROGRESSION OF ORAL CANCER
Authors: Maitra Arpita , Das Sanjeet Kumar , Paul R.R , Pal Mousumi
Published: December 2023

Oral cancer is known for its devastating effects which need to be addressed at the molecular level to achieve the best possible outcomes. An upsurge in the COX-2 levels amongst premalignant & malignant tissues may be attributed to increased transcription along with enhanced mRNA stability. Compelling research evidence is being shown with respect to complexes which have dual COX-2/COX-1 inhibitors are beneficial in chemotherapeutic procedures of cancer.Amongst 15 compounds, we found the highest binding capacity to be -10.9 in rutaecarpine as per the ADV webserver and -11.2 in VX-809 (Lumacaftor) as per the ProdigY webserver. Highest hydrophobicity was seen in OSR, LMR & ECG weighing 389.33, 452.41 & 458.37 with the most common amino acids being Leu (338), Ser (339), Val (509), Val (335). In respect to the molar refractivity, OSR & LMR presented with 92.01 & 113.98 values, whereas the lipophilisity was found to be 2.46 & 3.08 respectively with toxicity score (assessed by toxi M score & ProTox), being 0.929 & 0.944 by ToxiM score & 4 in both compounds by ProTox class.Characteristic properties such as the hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, molecular weight, number of H-bond acceptors, Num of H-bond donors, molar refractivity, lipophilisity (ilogP), drug likeliness and toxicity score play an important role in understanding drug-drug interactions at the molecular level which helps in determining the pharmacological actions and its application in humans. Therefore, further research in the field is recommended to comprehend the drug reactions & their outcome.
ANACYCLUS PYRETHRUM: A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF PHYTOCHEMISTRY, TRADITIONAL USES, AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Thakur Vishal , Pathania Apoorva , Kour Harmandeep , Pathania Anu Radha
Published: December 2023

Since ancient times, Anacyclus pyrethrum has been utilized as an aphrodisiac. In Ayurvedic medicine, the plant is used toboost libido and enhance sexual performance. Pyrethrins and anacyclins, among other plant substances, improve vaginalblood flow and sensation. It raises libido and promotes hormone synthesis. The plant is also claimed to have powerfulantioxidant qualities that enhance overall well-being. In addition to being used for its intended purpose, Anacycluspyrethrum is thought to provide potential health advantages. It functions as an oxygen inhibitor and has anti-inflammatoryqualities that might help in the fight against chronic illnesses, including cancer and heart disease. Additionally, someresearch has revealed that the herb may have neuroprotective qualities, making it a viable therapy for brain diseases likeAlzheimer's. The herb Anacyclus pyrethrum has a long history of use as a traditional medicine. It is a powerful naturalmedicine thanks to its aphrodisiac effects and oral health advantages. Additionally, the possible health advantages outsideof its regular use make for an intriguing research topic.
PREPONDERANCE EFFECT OF TH1 CYTOKINES IN HIV PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAART
Authors: Daniel Jerusha , Manickan Elanchezhiyan
Published: December 2023

Infection with HIV results in discordant immunological response characterized by dysregualtion of cytokines and adecrease in CD4+ T cells. As HIV progresses to AIDS, there is a switch in Th1 to Th2 cytokines. In this study, plasmacytokine levels were compared between newly diagnosed HIV-positive HAART naïve patients and HAART undergoingpatients. Additionally, the association between plasma cytokine levels and CD4+ T cell count was examined. 160 HIVpositiveindividuals were enrolled for the study, of which 80 were HAART naïve and 80 were undergoing HAART forover six months since diagnosis. The plasma cytokine levels of IFN Ɣ, IL 2, IL 4 and IL 10 were analysed using ELISAand CD4+ T cell counts were assessed using flow cytometry. Comparing the HAART naïve patients to HAARTundergoing group, the plasma cytokine concentrations of IL 4 and IL 10 was considerably higher in HAART naïvepatients while IFN Ɣ and IL 2 concentration was greater in HAART undergoing patients. Similarly, while examining therelationship between CD4+ T cells and plasma cytokine levels, it was discovered that IFN Ɣ significantly correlated withCD4+ T cells in HAART-naive individuals as opposed to IL 2, IL 4, and IL 10. Therefore, an increase in Th1 cytokinesover Th2 cytokines and the restoration of immune response are indicators of successful anti-retroviral therapy
BÜYÜKŞEHİR BELEDİYELERİNDE İÇ KONTROL SİSTEMİ VE ETKİNLİĞİ
Authors: IŞIK Ayşe , AKDOĞAN Nalan
Published: December 2023

Dünyada yaşanan gelişmeler toplum yapılarını etkileyerek halkın ihtiyaçlarının artmasına ve

değişmesine neden olmuştur. Özel sektörle başlayan bu değişim kamuyu da içine katmıştır. Bu oluşum

ile kamu, geleneksel örgüt yapısının değiştirilmesi gerekliliğini kavrayarak hizmet anlayışındaki

verimsiz unsurları terk edip verimli çalışma yöntemlerini geliştirmeye odaklanmıştır.

Kamu idareleri, yasalarla kendilerine verilen görevlerini yaparken şeffaf, hesap verebilir, etkili,

ekonomik ve verimli hizmet anlayışı ilkeleri doğrultusunda hareket edebilmek için iç kontrol sistemine

ihtiyaç duyarlar. Bu ihtiyaç çerçevesinde, uluslararası standartlardan oluşturulan 5018 sayılı Yasanın

getirdiği düzenlemelerle kamuda iç kontrol sisteminin kurulmasına dair bir yol çizilmiştir. Çizilen bu

yolda kamu idarelerinden biri olan büyükşehir belediyelerinin iç kontrol sistemlerini etkin hale getirip

getirmedikleri ile kamu iç kontrol standartlarına uyumları bu çalışma ile incelenmiştir.

Araştırma kapsamında; Türkiye’deki 30 büyükşehir belediyesine ait denetim, faaliyet raporları ile iç

kontrol eylem planları ele alınmış, bu metinlerde yer alan iç kontrol sistemine ilişkin veriler COSO

(The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations) modeli çerçevesinde incelenip sözel verilerden sayısal

sonuçlar oluşturulmuş ve analiz edilerek değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonucunda; iç kontrol

sisteminin kurulması ve yürütülmesi konularındaki büyükşehir belediyelerinin uyumlarının yüzde 50

oranı ile hala istenilen düzeyde olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Dünyadaki diğer büyükşehir belediyeleri ile kıyas yapabilmek için birkaç örnek alınmış ve iç kontrol

sistemini nasıl yürüttükleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca tüm belediyelere yol göstermesi için çalışmaya bir

uygulama örneği eklenmiş ve Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesinin bir birimi ile süreç, risk ve risk eylem

planı çalışması yapılmıştır.

Bu çalışma ile; Türkiye’deki büyükşehir belediyelerinin iç kontrol sistemlerinin kamu iç kontrol

standartlarına uyumları tespit edilerek sistemin eksik yönlerinin giderilmesi ile belediyelerde etkin bir

iç kontrol sistemi kurulmasına katkı sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır.
Does Competition Affect Bank Efficiency in MENA Countries? A Double Bootstrapping-DEA Approach
Authors: Ziadi Ellouz Nidhal
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to examine the effect of competition on the technical efficiency of Middle Eastern and North Africa (MENA) banks during the period 2004-2014. To do so we use the two-stage bootstrap approach introduced by Simar and Wilson (2007). In the first stage, efficiencies scores were obtained using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with Bootstrap technique to control for potential bias. In the second stage, the bootstrap truncated regression was used to assess the effect of competition on bank efficiencies. Furthermore, we utilize Lerner index to measure competition at bank level. Using a sample of 88 banks from thirteen MENA countries, we find that the technical efficiency with bias correction shows no obvious trend during the period of the study, however, the level of efficiency varies significantly across countries. In addition, we find a negative relationship between competition and technical efficiency which supports the information generation hypothesis and rejects the quiet life hypothesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the effect of competition on bank efficiency in MENA banking industry using the double bootstrapping-DEA approach.
Monetary Policy and Volatility of Value and Growth Stocks (2009-2021)
Authors: Vartanian Pedro Raffy , Musa de Lemos Raphael Abs , Júnior Alvaro Alves de Moura
Published: December 2023

Especially after the subprime international financial crisis, which began in 2007/2008, the role of central banks and the implementation of monetary policy gained ground and affected financial markets. In such a scenario, quantitative easing, a monetary stimulus program implemented by several central banks, significantly reduced interest rates, especially in developed countries. In this context, the objective of the research is to investigate whether there is a relationship between the monetary policy actions of the Federal Reserve (Fed) and the volatility of value and growth stocks in the USA in the period between 2009 and 2021 using a generalized heteroscedastic conditional autoregressive (Garch) model. The research hypothesizes that both value and growth stocks react with increased volatility to changes in monetary policy, with growth stocks showing superior sensitivity. Among the results found, there is evidence that the policies implemented by the Fed over the period led to volatility in the markets, with an emphasis on the intensity of volatility for value stocks to the detriment of growth stocks, which refuted, albeit partially, the initially formulated hypothesis.