bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Women’s Home Birth Preferences and Its Associated Factors in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Geta Temesgen , Haile Dereje , Girma Abiy
Published: November 2024

Background: In low‐income countries, such as Ethiopia, home birth is the main cause of maternal and neonatal mortality. Several separate studies have been conducted on the prevalence of home birth preference. However, there is no pooled prevalence of home birth preferences. So, this systematic review and meta‐analysis is aimed at assessing the overall preference for home birth and related factors among Ethiopian women.

Methods and Materials: The review included only published articles. Medline/PubMed, Web Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library are the main databases. The review includes cross‐sectional studies in English that meet eligibility requirements. The combined prevalence of women’s preference for home birth is calculated by random effect models. In addition, Egger’s tests and funnel diagrams were used to investigate publication biases. STATA Version 14 is used to perform all statistical analyses.

Results: The review included 14 studies with 6631 participants. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of women’s preference for home birth was 41.48% (confidence interval (CI): 49.99; 63, 56; I2:98.7%; p ≤ 0.001). In the analysis of the subgroups, the Oromia region had the highest home birth preference rate at 61.40% (55.54%, 67.16), while southern Ethiopia had the lowest value at 20.52% (5.18, 29.75). The probability of preferring home birth was higher for women without education (OR = 0.22, p ≤ 0.001, I2 = 69.7%) and for younger women (ODR = 0.47, p ≤ 0.001, I2 = 84.2%).

Conclusion: According to the study, 41% of Ethiopian women prefer home births over institutional births. Age and education of women are statistically important factors in the choice of birthplace. To solve this problem, health professionals and other stakeholders are strongly encouraged to provide women’s health education at the community and institutional levels.
Resveratrol Aerosol Inhalation Attenuates Ovalbumin (OVA)‐Induced Asthma in BALB/c Mouse Model
Authors: Shan Cuiting , Wu Yue , Tang Lingling , Lin Yuhua , Ni Zhenhua , Wang Xiongbiao , Luo Xuming , Miao Xiayi
Published: November 2024

Asthma is a common disease that affects millions of people but has no cure. Resveratrol (Res) has been confirmed to be effective against asthma; however, in vivo experiments had shown that Res administration by either oral or intraperitoneal injection had low absorption, leading to a bad efficacy. Aerosol therapy is widely used in asthma treatment, which can achieve effective concentrations locally. The efficacy of atomized Res for asthma has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, this article aimed to evaluate the effects of Res aerosol inhalation on asthma and explore the mechanisms involved. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used to construct an asthma mouse model. Different concentrations of Res solution were atomized with an ultrasonic nebulizer, and the asthmatic mice were treated. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the degree of airway inflammation and airway remodeling in the mice. Serum from each group of mice was collected for IgE and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) detection. Real‐time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of the target genes and proteins. Compared with the asthma group, the airway inflammation scores were significantly decreased in the low‐ or high‐dose Res group. The airway remodeling parameters of the WAm/Pbm, WAmuc/Pbm, and WAi/Pbm ratios were significantly reduced. The expression of serum IgE, IL‐5 mRNA, and p‐STAT6 protein was significantly decreased, and serum T‐AOC was increased in the Res group. Consistently, Res treatment significantly inhibited p‐STAT6 expression induced by recombinant human IL‐13 in 16HBE cells. Results suggest that Res nebulization therapy can improve airway inflammation, airway remodeling, airway allergy, and antioxidant capacity in asthmatic mice, which may be mediated by a STAT6‐related pathway.
Supplementary Figure S2 from NAD+ Metabolic Enzyme Inhibitor as Radiosensitizer for Malignant Meningioma and its Modulation of P53 Expression
Authors: Lv Yifan , Deng Yuxuan , Feng Jie , Liu Jinqiu , Yang Mingxu , Pu Zhuonan , Zhang Shaodong , Wu Zhen , Ji Nan , Park Deric M. , Hao Shuyu
Published: November 2024

Supplementary Figure S2
Supplementary Table 5 from Spatial Multiomics Reveals Intratumoral Immune Heterogeneity with Distinct Cytokine Networks in Lung Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Christensson Gustav , Bocci Matteo , Kazi Julhash U. , Durand Geoffroy , Lanzing Gustav , Pietras Kristian , Gonzalez Velozo Hugo , Hagerling Catharina
Published: November 2024

Differentially expressed genes (first sheet) and cytokine genes (second sheet) from each tumor cell network with log2-fold changes, p-values, q-values calculated within each network and q-values calculated across all comparisons.
Supplementary Table 3 from Spatial Multiomics Reveals Intratumoral Immune Heterogeneity with Distinct Cytokine Networks in Lung Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Christensson Gustav , Bocci Matteo , Kazi Julhash U. , Durand Geoffroy , Lanzing Gustav , Pietras Kristian , Gonzalez Velozo Hugo , Hagerling Catharina
Published: November 2024

Antibody and fluorophore concentrations and incubation times for the multiplex immunohistochemistry protocol.
Figure 5 from Spatial Multiomics Reveals Intratumoral Immune Heterogeneity with Distinct Cytokine Networks in Lung Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Christensson Gustav , Bocci Matteo , Kazi Julhash U. , Durand Geoffroy , Lanzing Gustav , Pietras Kristian , Gonzalez Velozo Hugo , Hagerling Catharina
Published: November 2024

Metastatic tumor cell heterogeneity influenced by immune infiltrates. A, Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between TC and TI ROIs per patient. A mean of 9.3 TC ROIs and 7.5 TI ROIs were used for each patient’s comparison. B, UMAP plot of the TC and TI ROIs for patient 19, with points colored by the distance between the ROI centroid center and the nearest I. C, Top 15 TI and top 15 TC ontologies based on a GSEA result of the differential expression result for patient 19, sorted by the normalized enrichment score. D, Gene expression of TI-upregulated genes and TC-upregulated genes plotted directly on the slide micrograph for patient 19. E, Predicted ConPLex interaction scores between FDA-approved drugs and genes from the TC/TI differential gene expression analysis. Only interactions with a score greater than 0.92 have been shown.
Association between Time with Open Ductus Arteriosus and Outcomes in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Hari Gopal Srirupa , Tillman Robert , Hammond II James D. , Hagan Joseph L. , Gowda Sharada H. , Varghese Nidhy P. , Fernandes Caraciolo J.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: While a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) helps offload the right ventricle in the acute congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)-associated pulmonary hypertension, its role on long-term outcomes in CDH has not been investigated. Our objective was to examine associations of the PDA with long-term clinical outcomes in CDH. Methods: A single-center retrospective descriptive study of 122 CDH patients dichotomized by duration with PDA, as ≤14 versus >14 postnatal days (PND) and ≤30 versus >30 PND. Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used for analyses. Results: In unadjusted and adjusted for CDH severity comparisons, patients with PDA >14 PND and >30 PND had a higher risk of death, longer length of stay, mechanical ventilation duration, and need for tracheostomy, diuretics, and PH medications at discharge. Conclusion: A PDA beyond the newborn period is associated with adverse outcomes in infants with CDH.
Plato on Parmenides of Elea: the Eleatic PNC case
Authors: Silva André Luiz Braga da
Published: November 2024

According to several scholars, the first explicit formulations of the Principle of Non-Contradiction (PNC) can be found in Plato's works, e. g. in the Republic and the Sophist. The paper defends that, in these two dialogues, the context for that is the discussion of possible consequences of Parmenides' Poem, in which Plato seems to have seen a proto-version of the PNC: it is not possible what is not to be (DK28 B7). In that proto-version, the PNC would present itself as an exhaustive disjunction: either it is, and cannot not be, or it is not, and cannot be; and tertium non datur (DK28 B2, B8, passim). The paper shows the problematic corollaries thereof pointed to by Plato in the Republic and the Sophist, as well as it analyses the solutions that he had presented in each dialogue for those problems, namely, his own versions of the PNC.
Sobre la posibilidad de una noción de campo perceptivo en Aristóteles: notas sobre De sensu 7
Authors: Del Canto Claudio Vera
Published: November 2024

Argumento a favor de una interpretación alternativa de la analogía entre sustrato sensible y facultad sensitiva ubicada en De sensu 7, 449a5-20, en el contexto de una discusión en torno a si es posible percibir simultáneamente dos cosas. Mientras que la lectura estándar propone limitar el alcance de la analogía a un argumento que explica cómo se constituye la captación de objetos sensibles particulares en nuestra experiencia perceptiva, yo sostengo que, además de ello, la analogía puede ser explicativa del surgimiento de algo así como un campo perceptivo i.e. la totalidad compleja, continua y unitaria de la apariencia perceptiva que sirve como correlato a nuestro estado de vigilia. Para ello, el giro interpretativo crucial tiene que ver con el locus de las cualidades sensibles, mientras que la interpretación estándar considera necesario que se trata de cualidades sensibles que inhieren en el mismo sustrato material, en mi lectura el pasaje también puede leerse a la luz de la captación de cualidades sensibles separadas que están en sustratos numéricamente distintos.
O cineasta e o historiador: imaginação histórica e visões da nação em “Paixão dos Fortes” (1946)
Authors: Rossatto Guilherme Colombara
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo, a partir de uma avaliação do faroeste como gênero cinematográfico atrelado ao discurso nacional dos Estados Unidos, tem como objetivo examinar a forma como o filme Paixão dos Fortes (1946) de John Ford lida com esses temas e imagina uma outra versão acerca dos fatos históricos. Refletimos sobre como o cineasta, a partir de uma extrapolação da história pela ficção e da memória social, sugere o preenchimento de algumas lacunas e a substituição de certos elementos reais, visando a construção de uma obra de arte que reassegure os mitos nacionais e ofereça soluções para o presente de seus idealizadores.
Abjurados e instruídos: a repressão ao protestantismo em Portugal e suas possibilidades historiográficas
Authors: Santana Matheus Jesus de
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo surge como uma tentativa de dimensionar o protestantismo frente às fortes perseguições religiosas, via Santo Ofício, ocorridas em Portugal nos séculos XVI e XVII. A partir de bibliografias sobre as inquisições ibéricas, a Reforma Protestante, as formas de exercício do poder e um conjunto de 263 processos inquisitoriais com a acusação de luteranismo, foi possível conjecturar como a perseguição religiosa aos protestantes ocorreu em Portugal. A partir das bibliografias e fontes mobilizadas, foi possível detectar os ritmos e o auge da repressão ao protestantismo no reino lusitano, bem como direcionamentos e caminhos a serem aprofundados nessa temática.
As releituras do Herói Homérico na literatura infantojuvenil: uma breve comparação entre a Ilíada e O Último Olimpiano
Authors: Pereira Aryeilla
Published: November 2024

A literatura infantojuvenil possui grande importância no despertar de jovens para a leitura. Entretanto, teria ela o potencial de ser um instrumento para a compreensão do passado? O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a obra de Rick Riordan O último Olimpiano a fim de comparar a partir dos preceitos do herói homérico d Ilíada, seus próprios heróis e Percy Jackson, para assim investigar o potencial da literatura infantojuvenil como um instrumento de compreensão das sociedades antigas. Para análise, utilizou-se a Análise de Discurso Francesa a fim de analisar e perceber características e comportamentos que nos mostrem um dos pontos centrais da pesquisa: a aparição dos preceitos que guiavam o guerreiro na Antiguidade e na contemporaneidade. Conclui-se que a releitura feita por Rick Riordan facilita a compreensão contemporânea do guerreiro homérico; a aproximação feita pelo autor não ocorre por coincidência por ser um arquétipo heroico universal, mas sim fruto de trabalho do mesmo a partir de suas leituras e referências da tradição clássica.
As mulheres no pensamento de Hume: uma reconsideração
Authors: Balieiro Marcos
Published: November 2024

I will examine the ways in which women are represented in David Hume's work. Initially, I will undertake a comparison between essays such as "Of Essay Writing" and "Of the Study of History" and other texts from the period, showing that Hume refers to women in a way that is very close to the sexist conceptions of his time. I will proceed to show that the model of politeness defended by Hume, influenced by notions of gallantry, relegates women to an inferior condition. Finally, I will show that the sexism expressed by the author does not necessarily derive from his philosophy, whose more abstract principles can, in fact, contribute to contemporary discussions on gender.
A Comparison between the ‘Vice Presidents’ in the Turkish Type Presidential System and the US Presidential System: Addressing Controversial Issues Regarding the Turkish Vice Presidency
Authors: Murphy Peri Uran
Published: November 2024

The role of the vice presidents, as successors in the case of a presidential vacancy, has become more important in the executive branch over the years and today, vice president position is seen as a possible path to rise through the political ranks and become the president. Vice presidency is unique to presidential systems. When the United States Constitution came into force in 1789, the United States became the first presidential republic, with George Washington as the first president and John Adams as the first vice president. Over time, other countries that accepted the presidential regime, also included this institution in their constitutions. Vice presidency has been introduced into the Turkish constitutional system by the 2017 constitutional amendments which transformed the Turkish Governmental System into “Turkish Type Presidential System”. The US Presidential System has been considered as a model to promote and encourage the transition to a presidential governmental system in Turkey. However; the vice presidency in this new system, which has led to heated debates, is designed quite different from the one in the US Presidential System. In this paper, the vice presidents of the Turkish Type Presidential System and the US Presidential System will be compared not only because the US Presidential System, known as the pure (typical, quintessential) form of the presidential system, has been seen as a model to support the transition of the new governmental system in Turkey, but also the US Vice Presidency is the most favorable basis for comparison, as it is the oldest example of this institution. After mentioning the process of inclusion of the vice presidency into the Turkish constitutional system, the democratic legitimacy debate and other controversial issues regarding the Turkish Vice Presidency will be enlightened from a comparative perspective. In conclusion, evaluations and suggestions will be provided in line with the criticism against the Turkish Vice Presidency.
She Doesn’t Even Know She Made Them: Ambiguous Attribution in Italian Exploitation Films
Authors: Barotsi Rosa
Published: November 2024

Starting in the late 1950s, exploitation filmmakers operating in Italy sometimes used pseudonyms, allonyms or prestanomi. This article examines the multiplicity of motivations behind this practice, and attempts to untangle some of the implications of the use of pseudonyms in Italian exploitation cinema, especially as it relates to the complex dynamics of gender and nationality in the film production sector. It compares the case of the alias O. Hellman, which appears in a small number of exploitation films in the 1970s, with similar ones from that period, including ones in which the ambiguity of authorial attribution involves husband and wife teams – an ambiguity fascinatingly compounded by the protectionist measures of Italian film policy and the contradictory evidence of primary and secondary sources. Finally, the article reflects on the implications of this practice on data-based gender research in the Italian film industry.
Soutenir Le Pilotage De La Qualité Des Juridictions En Europe : Le Projet Européen « Court Quality Framework Design »
Authors: Gilberg Karine
Published: November 2024

The Court Quality Framework Design (CQFD) project was led by France, with funding from the European Union, in cooperation with four partner countries: Estonia, Italy, Portugal and Slovenia. Conducted between September 2016 and August 2017, this project started from the observation of a lack of tools for assessing the quality of justice at both the international and national levels. Quality is affirmed as a priority objective of the public policies of the Member States as well as the institutions of the European Union. The management of this quality is, in addition, a growing concern for national jurisdictions, and even on the international plane. With the close cooperation of pilot jurisdictions in the five partner states, the CQFD project has taken a new step by offering operational tools for measuring the quality of justice. Its approach is based on the observation of existing national and local practices supporting the quality of the service provided to litigants, in order to look for the common standards. This approach was then used to draw up quality indicators, which should in particular enable the national courts to better monitor the quality of the service provided to litigants. This article looks at the origins and the national and international context of the project, the approach used and the prospects and new developments since its completion.
Le Riforme Della Giustizia Civile Nel Quadro Dell’Evoluzione Del Rapporto Civil Law – Common Law
Authors: Varano Vincenzo
Published: November 2024

The first part of the article stresses the need to avoid the dichotomy between civil law and common law, considering them instead as two sides of the same great Western legal tradition. The author begins by recalling some persistent differences that deeply characterise the two groups of legal systems: the continuity of the historical evolution of the common law, the different status and role of the judge, the persistent differences concerning the authority of precedent, and the rule of law. In the second part of the article, the author emphasises that the philosophy of convergence permeates civil justice as a result of an important and widespread reform process, which nevertheless contributes to bringing the two traditions closer together.
L’Actualité De L’Immunité D’Exécution Des Entreprises Publiques Des États Parties De L’Ohada
Authors: Mbodji Mohamadou Fallou
Published: November 2024

Article 30 paragraph 1 of the Uniform Act on the Organization of Simplified Procedures for Recovery and Enforcement (Acte uniforme portant organisation des procédures simplifiées de recouvrement et des voies d’exécution, AUPSRVE) establishes the general principle of immunity of public entities from execution. It does not, however, explicitly define to which public entities this principle applies. For a long time, the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (Cour commune de justice et d’arbitrage, CCJA) held that it fell to national legislation to make that definition, allowing states legally to exempt public enterprises from common law enforcement even if they were in some sense private law entities. In the case examined in this article, the CCJA goes back on its case law, criticising the Court of Kinshasa/Gombe for misapplying Article 30 in its decision that a debtor could enjoy immunity from execution even though it was a mixed-economy company, and thus took a private law form. However, the distinguishing criterion used by the CCJA does raise certain questions because of its ambiguity.
Dealing with Evidentiary Deficiency in Tort Law
Authors: Vandenbussche Wannes
Published: November 2024

In continental Europe, each party carries the burden of proof for those elements that constitute the basis of its claim. In tort law proceedings, this implies that an injured party must prove the factual elements underlying fault, damage and causation, whereas the alleged tortfeasor must demonstrate that he is not or only partly liable. Often, parties are not able to produce evidence of the facts they are relying on, while those parties are not to blame for these difficulties. In principle, if a judge still has doubts about the truth behind a factual allegation at the end of a legal procedure, he will decide against the party carrying the burden of proof. However, this outcome is often considered to be unjust in cases where a party did not contribute to this lack of evidence. Although trial courts have been endowed with – or have developed themselves – evidentiary techniques to confront these problems, they are still struggling with the question whether or not to intervene and in which way they should do so. The thesis of this article is that a proper understanding of the concept of evidentiary deficiency, which goes beyond the singularities of one legal system, can serve as a useful means to explain and justify why courts could facilitate the burden of proof under certain conditions. Moreover, it is argued that an identification of different subtypes of evidentiary deficiency can provide guidance on which evidentiary technique is appropriate in a given case. Above all, this article creates an awareness that evidentiary deficiency constitutes a real problem and that remedying this predicament is a matter of significant importance.
Analyse Comparative / Comparative Perspectives
Authors: Flejszar Radosław , Izarova Iryna , Vėbraitė Vigita
Published: November 2024

The aim of this article is to analyse the reforms of civil procedural law in Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine, which have undergone great changes during recent years. These reforms incorporate many new rules of civil procedure into the codes of these States in order to ensure effective, fair, impartial and timely protection of rights and freedoms before the courts. For Ukraine it is a very important step towards the approximation of Ukrainian law to EU law on the way to its integration into a genuine European Area of Justice. One of the most important reforms, namely the implementation of the small claims procedure, is analysed in depth. This is unusual for East European countries with civil law systems; despite this, the small claims procedure helps ensure access to justice when the regular court fees are higher than the amount of the plaintiff’s claim, as happens in most consumer disputes. Legislative provisions have been developed to fulfil this need. The main conclusions presented herein relate to this concept and its perspectives. Research on legal developments in Ukraine, Poland and Lithuania could help us find the best way to ensure access to justice in small claims in our legal systems.
Precedentes Vinculantes E Inteligencia Artificial: ¿Hacia Un Automated Law ?
Authors: Suárez Christian Delgado
Published: November 2024

The work of supreme courts has undergone an evolution through the years. From its classic function characterised by being reactive to a proactive profile, there is no doubt that Ibero-American and civil law models have kept to the classic Franco-Italian model. Along with considering the law-making creationist profile of the current supreme courts, the core of this essay is to investigate whether it is possible to produce automated or artificial judicial decisions. This implies asking whether the jurisdictional function, not only of the ordinary magistracy, but also of the supreme courts, can be supplanted or complemented by artificial intelligence. Is it possible to automate judicial decisions via artificial intelligence? Is there any room for human intellect and judicial reasoning in the face of this phenomenon? Will we be facing a process of automation of the process?
Covid-19 and Its Impacts on South American Procedural Law
Authors: Marinoni Luiz Guilherme , Arenhart Sérgio Cruz
Published: November 2024

This article examines the challenges of South American civil procedure, particularly during this period of the COVID-19 pandemic. It presents the main trends in South America, emphasising the use of technology to grant access to the judicial system. It also presents the most important difficulties in using these new tools and offers some perspectives on the future of civil procedure, in view of the experience gained during this unusual moment in world history.
Balancing the Duties of the Court and the Parties in Promoting Settlement: Can Mainland China and Hong Kong Borrow from the Model European Rules of Civil Procedure?
Authors: Chan Peter C.H.
Published: November 2024

The Model European Rules of Civil Procedure (MERCP) provide novel procedural mechanisms that help enhance the chances of settlement. This article assesses whether the Mainland Chinese and Hong Kong systems (the former a civil law jurisdiction, and the latter a common law jurisdiction) can borrow from the settlement regime under the MERCP, and if so, to what extent settlement mechanisms can be transplanted. It argues that Mainland China can benefit from the MERCP’s structured and regulated settlement system to rein in judicial arbitrariness in settlement proceedings and to establish the parties’ ownership of the settlement process. For Hong Kong, the mechanism under which the court may impose an adverse costs order on the successful party that had unreasonably refused to mediate should be revised (to emphasise substance over form) with reference to the MERCP. It is suggested that Mainland China and Hong Kong should both adopt the pre-commencement settlement mechanism of the MERCP.
The Evolution of Nullity in Civil Proceedings: Between The Germanic and the Romanic Model – A Polish Perspective
Authors: Zembrzuski Tadeusz
Published: November 2024

Nullity of proceedings is usually construed as a category serving to remove the most serious defects in the procedure and the court decision. It should raise no doubts nowadays that circumstances which are sometimes described as grounds for nullity of proceedings do not automatically annul a court decision but rather render it actionable. Nullity in civil procedure may be construed in various ways and exists only in selected legal systems. Nullity in the Germanic form refers to the proceedings as a whole and entails invalidating defective proceedings. Nullity in the Romanic form is construed in the context of individual steps taken in the proceedings and provides for the possibility to correct the errors.
The Value of Fair Procedure: All’s Well That Ends Well? How Social Psychologists and Legal Theorists Should Sit Down and Talk
Authors: Van de Graaf Cathérine
Published: November 2024

This contribution posits that on-going discussions on the value of fair procedure in legal theory would benefit greatly from an exchange with debates in social psychology. Thus far, consideration of empirical data about individual perceptions of procedural fairness has not been systematic in the philosophical strand of legal scholarship. In this contribution, the similarities between both strands of scholarship are uncovered in order to provoke a more complete process of theoretical reflection in which hypotheses can rely on a foundation of logical reasoning as well as empirical evidence. The seminal legal works get tied up in experience-based argumentation as evidence for their either instrumental or intrinsic perspective, despite the fact that empirical evidence is readily available – which could serve as “a prime source of information for legal theory”.
From the Principle of Immediacy to the Principle of Presence:
Authors: Benabou Valérie-Laure , Jeuland Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

This article analyses the evolution towards the disappearance of oral hearings in civil proceedings. On the one hand, this is because writing seems to be imposed in many cases over orality, for reasons of convenience. On the other hand, it is because videoconferences aspire to replace physical hearings, despite the fact that they do not bring the same value to the process as the former.
Access Filters and the Institutional Performance of the Supreme Courts
Authors: Giannini Leandro J.
Published: November 2024

This article comparatively analyses the so-called “access filters”: admission devices that allow supreme courts to decide which cases to decide according to highly flexible or even explicitly discretional criteria related to the quality or relevance of the legal issues brought in the appeal (their “public importance”, “transcendence”, “general repercussion”, “cassational interest”, “constitutional meaning”, etc.). These qualitative case selection mechanisms are considered fundamental (although not sufficient) vehicles to improve the performance of the supreme courts of different legal traditions, with diverse backgrounds, dissimilar structure and not necessarily consistent institutional goals. After examining the four most significant dimensions of these devices, the author concludes that the general assertion that selection filters are only conceivable in “precedent oriented” supreme courts should be revised. It is more accurate to say that access criteria established for selection purposes vary according to the institutional mission assigned to a supreme court (or, more broadly, to any court of appeal) at a given time and jurisdiction.
Sarea cirrhendocarpa, a fungus species new to science from the southern Rocky Mountains
Authors: RAYNOR SETH J. , WATTS JACOB L. , MANZITTO-TRIPP ERIN A.
Published: November 2024

Sarea cirrhendocarpa, a resinicolous fungus, is here described as new to science from two specimens collected in the Indian Peaks Wilderness (Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest, Colorado, USA) during the summer of 2023, a third specimen from Holy Cross Wilderness (White River National Forest, Colorado, USA) during the summer of 2024, and a fourth specimen from the Kachina Peaks Wilderness (Coconino National Forest, Arizona, USA) that was collected in 1998. The new species is readily distinguished from its closest relative, Sarea resinae, by its larger apothecia, smaller asci, smaller ascospores, and burnt orange hymenium (bicolored towards uppermost portions) among other traits. A phylogeny derived from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region suggests that S. cirrhendocarpa is sister to and genetically distinct specimens of Sarea resinae sampled from around the world including North America. These molecular results in combination with the clear morphological differences lead us to propose this as a new species so far only known from the southern Rocky Mountains of North America. This new taxon is placed for the time being within the genus Sarea owing to inconclusive phylogenetic and morphological evidence that would support generic separation within the Sareomycetes. The name Sarea resinae is retained and new combinations for S. klamathica and S. lignicola are provided.
Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes
Authors: SUN XIN-XIN , WANG LEI , LI NING , SLUYS RONALD , LIU DE-ZENG , DONG ZI-MEI , CHEN GUANG-WEN
Published: November 2024

The paper details new geographic records of two species of the genus Polycelis Ehrenberg,1831 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China and provides redescriptions of these species based on an integrative taxonomic study involving morphology, karyology, and histology. This new information considerably expands our knowledge on these species, for which until now only limited data was available. The species Polycelis asiatica Selinova, 1985 is characterized by the following features: 63–80 eyes; sperm ducts that exhibit an intrabulbar knee-shaped bend towards the ventral surface before opening separately and symmetrically into the antero-dorsal portion of a large seminal vesicle; the latter is ventrally displaced, thus creating a narrow ventral lip on the penis papilla; dorsal wall of the seminal vesicle is provided with several well-developed folds; more or less bulbous penis papilla protrudes from the dorsal wall of the male atrium and is provided with a slender and flexible tip; chromosome complement diploid with 30 metacentric chromosomes, 8 submetacentric chromosomes, and 2 subtelocentric chromosomes. The species Polycelis eudendrocoeloides (Zabusova, 1929) is characterized by: 49–80 eyes; highly reduced and blunt penis, provided with a kind of flagellum that projects into the seminal vesicle; a relatively thick coat of circular and longitudinal muscles around the entire male atrium; generally, a very large intrabulbar seminal vesicle, extending from near the ventral body surface to occupy the major part of both the penis bulb and the dorso-ventral space of the body; diploid chromosome complement consisting of 36 metacentric chromosomes.
Automated Lunar Surface Image Classification Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Geological Feature Detection
Authors: Shohag J
Published: November 2024

Robotic rovers have vastly expanded our understanding of the lunar surface, providing detailed imagery crucial for scientific research and future exploration. However, manually classifying this imagery is time-consuming and prone to errors, necessitating automated solutions. Automated classification of lunar surface imagery is vital for efficient data analysis, site selection for future missions, and advancing lunar exploration. Developing accurate and efficient image classification systems tailored for lunar terrain is thus imperative. The objective of this study is to develop and assess an image classification system utilizing Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) specifically for lunar surface images. The aim is to achieve high accuracy and efficiency in identifying geological features such as craters and dunes, as observed by robotic rovers. A curated dataset of lunar surface images was partitioned into training, testing, and validation subsets. DCNNs models were trained on the training dataset and evaluated using testing and validation datasets. Hyperparameter tuning and optimization techniques were employed to enhance model performance. The classification system based on DCNNs showed promising outcomes. Model B and F achieved an accuracy of 91.1%, while Model A and D achieved 87.5%. Model C attained an accuracy of 89.3%, and Model E reached 83.9%. Visualizations of training and validation metrics revealed distinct performance patterns across models, highlighting the potential for further advancements in lunar exploration research.
Understanding Onset, Dynamic Transitions, and Associated Inequality Risk Factors for Adverse Posttraumatic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae After Trauma Exposure
Authors: Lee Chiyoung , House Stacey L. , Beaudoin Francesca L. , Neylan Thomas C. , Clifford Gari D. , Linnstaedt Sarah D. , Germine Laura T. , Rauch Scott L. , Haran John P. , Storrow Alan B. , Lewandowski Christopher , Musey Paul I. , Hendry Phyllis L. , Sheikh Sophia , Punches Brittany E. , Swor Robert A. , Hudak Lauren A. , Pascual Jose L. , Seamon Mark J. , Harris Erica , Pearson Claire , Peak David A. , Domeier Robert M. , Rathlev Niels K. , O'Neil Brian J. , Sergot Paulina , Sanchez Leon D. , Bruce Steven E. , Sheridan John F. , Harte Steven E. , Koenen Karestan C. , Kessler Ronald C. , McLean Samuel A. , Yang Qing , An Xinming
Published: November 2024

Objective

Several gaps remain in the understanding of the onset, dynamic transitions, and associated risk factors of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) in the acute post‐trauma window. Based on serial assessments of symptoms from a large cohort study, we identified homogeneous statuses across multiple APNS symptom domains and investigated the dynamic transitions among these statuses during the first 2 months after trauma exposure. Furthermore, we studied how symptom onset and transitions are affected by equity‐relevant characteristics.

Methods

The analysis was based on 2557 participants enrolled in the Advancing Understanding of RecOvery afteR traumA (AURORA). APNS symptoms comprised pain, depression, sleep discontinuity, nightmares, avoidance, re‐experience, anxiety, hyperarousal, somatic symptoms, and mental fatigue. We identified the homogeneous status of APNS symptoms at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months, and explored transition probabilities among these statuses using latent transition analysis. Equity‐relevant characteristics included gender, race, education, family income, childhood trauma, and area deprivation.

Results

Three homogeneous statuses–low‐, moderate‐, and severe‐symptom–were identified. While the majority of trauma survivors with severe‐ or moderate‐symptom status maintained the same status over time, some transitioned to a less severe symptom status, particularly within the first month. Specifically, females, non‐whites, and those with higher childhood trauma were associated with a decreased likelihood of transitioning to a less severe symptom status. From one to 2 months, lower income was associated with a decreased likelihood of transitioning from moderate‐to low‐symptom status.

Conclusions

The findings can inform early intervention strategies for APNS, potentially reducing health disparities among trauma survivors.
Update on Combination Strategies of PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Lin Zhuoqun , Wang Lingfang , Xing Ziyu , Wang Fenfen , Cheng Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

The application of PARP inhibitors has revolutionized cancer treatment and has achieved significant advancements, particularly with regard to tumors with defects in genes involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR) processes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Despite the promising outcomes of PARP inhibitors, certain limitations and challenges still exist, including acquired drug resistance, severe side effects, and limited therapeutic benefits for patients without homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Various combinations involving PARP inhibitors have been developed to overcome these limitations. Among these, combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents, and various small-molecule inhibitors are well-studied strategies that show great potential for optimizing the efficacy of PARP inhibitors, overcoming resistance mechanisms, and expanding target populations. However, the efficiency and overlapping toxicity of these combination strategies for cancers vary among studies, thereby limiting their use. In this review, we describe the mechanisms and limitations of PARP inhibitors to better understand the mechanisms of combination treatments. Furthermore, we have summarized recent studies on the combination of PARP inhibitors with a range of medications and discussed their clinical efficacy. The objective of this review is to enhance the comprehensiveness of information pertaining to this topic.
Bridge component segmentation for health monitoring an enhanced DeepLabV3+ model with lightweight network and multi-scale channel attention mechanism
Authors: Jiang Tianyong , Huang Yali , Hu Chunjun , Li Lingyun
Published: November 2024

Due to the influence of various factors, such as complex environments and sustained load effects, the long-term service life of bridge structures will lead to a gradual deterioration in performance. Therefore, bridge health monitoring is of utmost importance, and component identification is a crucial step in evaluating the overall structural integrity of bridges. With the advancement of deep learning algorithms, semantic segmentation methods can effectively classify and identify bridge components in complex environments, thereby facilitating the assessment of their state. Nevertheless, the conventional methods for segmenting bridge components suffer from drawbacks such as intensive computation, inadequate feature extraction, and low segmentation accuracy, failing to meet the requirements of current bridge health monitoring. Consequently, this paper proposes a bridge component segmentation method based on an improved DeepLabV3 + model, named the DeepLabV3-MS, which is based on an enhanced DeepLabV3 + model. This method utilizes MobileNetV2 as the backbone network to reduce parameter count and improve the computational speed of the model. The Strip Pooling (SP) is also integrated into ASPP, known as SP_ASPP, to enhance the capture of more comprehensive contextual information. Additionally, the Multi-scale Channel Attention Mechanism (MS-CAM) is incorporated to enhance the integration efficiency of multi-semantic and multi-scale features. The results indicate that compared with the original DeepLabV3 + model, the Mean Intersection over Union and Mean Pixel Accuracy of the DeeplabV3-MS model increased by 5.90%, and 4.92%, respectively. Furthermore, in comparison to the classic models PSPNet and U-Net, DeeplabV3-MS demonstrated an increase of 19.50% and 8.88% in MIoU and MPA, respectively, as well as 13.50% and 5.34%, respectively. The proposed method has demonstrated superior performance across various evaluation metrics, exerting a significant impact on the health monitoring and safety assessment of bridge components. Furthermore, it offers valuable technical support for research and applications in related fields.
‘Data saves lives’: Ideational-material drivers of health data journeys in the UK
Authors: Medina-Perea Itzelle , Bates Jo , Cox Andrew
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we bring together the concepts of data valences and data journeys to examine how ideational and material factors work together to shape the movement of health data from the UK healthcare sector to universities for reuse in research. Specifically, we focus on the interaction of university-based researchers’ constructs about data with the material conditions of health data circulation in the UK and how these dynamics drive greater circulation of health data through the data sharing infrastructure. Building on our empirical research, we identify four data valences or expectations about data present in the discourses of university-based researchers – vanguard, discovery, truthiness and actionability – and three material factors – investment in data, infrastructure and labour. We argue that the interaction of these factors has created a favourable environment for making data flow from the healthcare sector into the hands of university-based researchers. This work contributes to a better understanding of why health data reuse practices are expanding and being sustained, and it challenges previous health data reuse research that treats the drivers shaping data flows as self-evident or already determined.
Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Older Adults’ Routines and Well-being: 3 Case Reports
Authors: Hsu Yu-Pin , Walters Margaret
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the daily lives of older adults. Three case reports illustrate how individuals have coped with loss, maintained routines, and faced emotional challenges. Understanding these experiences can guide efforts to promote the well-being and resilience of older adults during this time. Interview questions included “What was your daily routine and any leisure activities you participated in before COVID-19? During the height of social distancing?” to explore the impact of this pandemic on older adults’ daily routines and the effects on their mental and physical health.
Revisiting Validity in Research With Multilingual Learners: Moving From a Monolingual to a Multilingual Lens on Research Quality
Authors: Wagner Christopher J.
Published: November 2024

A critical revisiting of research methods with multilingual learners raises issues of validity that are often unaddressed in current discussions of research quality. Though validity is conceptualized and assessed differently across research traditions, validity broadly describes the production of findings that are credible and trustworthy. The historically monolingual lens of research methodologies has led to conceptions of validity that are inadequate for ensuring that reported findings “fit the data” in research with multilingual learners. In this article, I describe a retrospective inquiry to critically reassess how current paradigms of validity might be reconceptualized in research with multilingual learners. Through a reexamination of research practices from two of my own studies, this article considers three ways that current monolingual paradigms of validity should be expanded in research with multilingual learners to work toward multilingual conceptualizations of research quality. This article then offers guidance to aid other researchers in taking up issues of validity in the design and reporting of research with multilingual learners.
Deliberate Absence: Mapping the Presence of Indian Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) Youth in Social and Medical Rights-Based Work Initiatives for the Community
Authors: Arora Manvi , Sansfaçon Annie Pullen
Published: November 2024

Background:

Adolescence, the transitional phase between childhood and adulthood, involves significant biological, social, cognitive and emotional changes. In India, adolescents (10–18 years) form 21% of the population, increasing to 33% when including those aged 10–24 years, making India home to the world’s largest adolescent population. The concept of adolescence, unlike the biological process of puberty, is culturally determined and influenced by globalisation and changing societal values.

Objectives:

This article aims to (a) elucidate the barriers hindering transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth in India from accessing gender affirmation, including familial rejection, constraining legal provisions and inadequate public health infrastructure; (b) underscore the impact of socio-cultural and political attitudes on health disparities faced by TGD youth, emphasising the need for comprehensive and individualised healthcare and socio-cultural support; (c) advocate for a socio-medical approach to address the unique challenges of Indian TGD youth, focusing on collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals, social institutions and policymakers; (d) propose strategies for improving access to early gender-affirmative care, including training healthcare providers, promoting comprehensive medical support and advocating for the rights of TGD youth.

Methods:

A blind review of literature was conducted using PUBMED/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PsycINFO and SCOPUS with keywords such as ‘transgender youth’, ‘nonbinary and gender diverse youth’, ‘gender-affirming medical care in India’ and ‘youth mental health’. The search eventually included peer-reviewed publications, books, reviews, editorials, opinion pieces, feature stories and individual case reports. Articles were screened and thematically analysed to synthesise findings.

Results:

The review highlights significant barriers to gender-affirming care for TGD youth in India, including familial rejection, restrictive legal frameworks and inadequate public health infrastructure. Socio-cultural and political attitudes contribute to health disparities, necessitating comprehensive healthcare and socio-cultural support.

Conclusions:

Addressing the challenges faced by TGD youth in India requires a socio-medical approach, emphasising collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, social institutions and policymakers. Strategies for improvement include training healthcare providers, promoting comprehensive medical support and advocating for the rights of TGD youth to ensure early and effective gender-affirmative care.