bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding of a Metaphor as a Way of External Representation of the Meanings of Individual’s Value Orientations
Authors: Sorokoumova E.A. , Fadeev D.S. , Kiyashchenko S.L.
Published: September 2021

The work is aimed at studying the use of metaphor as a psychological tool for rep- resenting the understanding of subjective personal meanings of value orientation. The materials of two empirical studies are obtained through a sample of part-time students of the Department of Labor Psychology and Psychological Counseling of the Moscow Pedagogical State University (N=50), 40% males and 60% fe- males, aged 19 to 32 years, the average age is 25 years, the average deviation in the sample is 3.2. Study 1 included measurements of indicators of personal value orientations. We used the techniques by O. I. Motkov and T.A. Ogneva “Value orientations of the individual (Version 2)”. Study 2 included individual conversations with participants during which they were asked to write metaphors for each of the previously ranked internal and external personal values. The results of the study suggest that there is a strong positive relationship between the individual’s emotional attitude to the metaphor of personal values and his/her assessment of the significance of value orientations. The data summarized in the study and the recommendations provided on their basis can be successfully applied in the educational process, as well as when dealing with value orientations of the individual in psychological counseling and psychotherapy. The materials of the study can also be used in the training/advanced training of psychologists and educators.
Edaphic attributes in pedoforms of gullies, in the Southeast region of Brazil
Authors: Gomes João Henrique Gaia , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Barros Fabiana da Costa , Silva Cristiane Figueira da , Freó Vanessa Aparecida , Medeiros Alexandre dos Santos
Published: September 2021

Water erosion acts as the main form of soil degradation, promoting the release of particles that associated with factors such as climate, relief, soil vegetation and use and occupation favor this process. This study aimed to evaluate whether gullies are more likely to be present in a specific type of landform and how physical and chemical soil characteristics vary between the internal and external environments of concave and convex gullies. The study was performed in the Cachimbal River sub-basin, Pinheiral (RJ). Gullies were mapped and the quantitative and qualitative evaluations (occurrence in concave or convex surface). For each type of landform, one gully was selected. Soil samples (disturbed and undisturbed) were collected from the internal and external surfaces of each gully at a depth of 0-10 cm and soil chemical and physical characteristics were determined. More gullies were present in convex landforms and differences in soil characteristics were observed between the internal and external gully surfaces, but not between different landforms. Ca+2, S value, H+Al, T value, Mg+2, TOC and K+ were associated with the external surface, and P, Al+3, aluminum saturation, V%, and pH with the internal surface. Natural and total clay content, and soil and particle density were the physical characteristics associated with the external surface, and total and fine sand content, porosity, degree of flocculation, and silt content with the internal surface.
Agrupamento de variáveis meteorológicas e qualitativas de água cinza em reator solar
Authors: Cavalcante Fernanda Lima , Bezerra Joel Medeiros , Queluz João Gabriel Thomaz , Sánchez-Román Rodrigo Máximo , Dombroski Solange Aparecida Goularte , Batista Rafael Oliveira
Published: September 2021

O saneamento ambiental inadequado contribui para a poluição da água dos mananciais, bem como o surgimento de casos de doenças de veiculação hídrica. No entanto, a radiação solar é uma alternativa de baixo custo, fácil operação e efetiva para desinfecção de águas cinza. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, identificar os agrupamentos de variáveis meteorológicas e qualitativas de amostras de águas cinza tratadas em reator solar no semiárido potiguar. Para isso, utilizou-se uma estação de tratamento de águas cinza composta por tanque séptico, filtro anaeróbio e reator solar. Os testes foram realizados de julho a dezembro de 2015, mensalmente. No reator solar foram mantidas lâminas de águas cinza de 0,1 m, que ficaram expostas à radiação solar das 8h às 16h, sendo coletadas alíquotas a cada duas horas. As amostras coletadas foram submetidas às análises de pH, oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, condutividade elétrica, sólidos suspensos totais, turbidez, coliformes totais, E. coli e ovos de helmintos. Foram monitoradas, também, as variáveis: temperatura do ar e radiação solar global. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de agrupamento hierárquico que resultou na formação de quatro grupos, demonstrando que o agrupamento ocorreu em função da sazonalidade, e do tempo de exposição solar ao qual as amostras de águas cinza foram submetidas. A desinfecção solar configura-se como uma alternativa viável, técnica e economicamente, que permite redução significativa de patógenos, possibilitando o uso agrícola de água cinza.
Germinação e sobrevivência de Adenium obdesum (forssk.) (Rosa do Deserto-Apocynaceae) em diferentes substratos
Authors: Anacleto Adilson , Bueno Rayane Silva
Published: September 2021

O extrativismo de plantas ornamentais das florestas no Paraná ocorre desde a década de 70 em função da alta procura dos consumidores durante o período de veraneio. A reversão dessa situação pode estar associada à implantação de cultivos agronômicos de espécies adaptadas à região, o que favoreceria o comércio de plantas exóticas protegendo os estoques das plantas nativas. Neste contexto uma espécie que vem ganhando interesse comercial é a rosa do deserto, porém existem poucos estudos sobre o cultivo dessa espécie no litoral do Paraná. Assim, realizou-se estudo visando avaliar a germinação e sobrevivência de sementes de Adenium obesum em diferentes substratos. Foram testados quatro tipos alternativos de substratos de fácil acessibilidade ao produtor rural e baixo custo: fibra de casca de coco, húmus de minhoca, casca de pinus humificada e solo agrícola peneirado. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A espécie apresentou o início da germinação no 4º dia após a semeadura e finalizou aos 19,8 dias sendo as maiores velocidades de germinação observadas para solo agrícola e húmus de minhoca. Dentre os substratos testados, os maiores níveis de sobrevivência após 60 dias da germinação foram observados para casca de pinus humidificada (n = 88%), seguido por húmus de minhoca (84%), fibra de casca de coco (78%) e solo agrícola (n = 36%). O estudo conclui que existe a viabilidade da reprodução da espécie para cultivos agronômicos utilizando substratos de baixo custo e localmente abundantes a base de casca de pinus humidificada, húmus de minhoca e fibra de casca de coco.
Distribuição espacial de leitos de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal no Brasil e sua associação com a taxa de mortalidade infantil
Authors: Pereira Silvana Alves , Rodrigues Brenda de Andrade , Cunha Lizailma Silva , Pereira Alianny Raphaely Rodrigues , Dantas Diego de Sousa
Published: September 2021

Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar a distribuição espacial de leitos de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) e correlacioná-la com a taxa de nascidos vivos e a Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil (TMI) das unidades federativas brasileiras. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, envolvendo as 27 unidades federativas, com dados obtidos de sistemas de informação em saúde e analisados por meio do SPSS 20.0 e GeoDa 1.12. Observou-se heterogeneidade na distribuição espacial da TMI e UTIN, com uma concentração maior de leitos de UTIN não ligados ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na Região Sudeste e leitos SUS na Região Nordeste. A TMI apresentou correlação espacial negativa com o número de leitos (Moran’s I = - 0,323) nos estados de Amazonas e Pará. Concluiu-se que a relação inversa entre número de UTIN disponíveis e taxa de mortalidade limitou-se a dois estados, o que reforça a importância de mais estudos que possam investigar outras causalidades para a mortalidade infantil nas outras unidades federativas.
3D Printed Band and Loop Space Maintainer: A Digital Game Changer in Preventive Orthodontics
Authors: Khanna Suhani , Rao Dinesh , Panwar Sunil , Pawar Bhaggyashri A , Ameen Safna
Published: September 2021

Premature loss of primary molars often leads to loss of arch circumference in the primary and mixed dentition. It can lead to malpositioning and even impaction of permanent tooth, if not prevented. Space maintainers in preventive orthodontics, are imperative in maintaining arch integrity. Band and loop space maintainers are indicated whenever there is premature loss of primary molar. The conventional band and loop space maintainer is most routinely fabricated, but poses certain limitations. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in digital dentistry is one of the major developments in dentistry. It replicates the dental cast in the most accurate forms. This allows for supreme precision and minimal human errors. Besides decreasing the laboratory procedures, it has the least chance of failure or breakage. The current case report discusses 3D printing technology for the fabrication of band and loop space maintainer, which can revolutionize preventive orthodontics for children.
Effect of Rapid Maxillary Expansion on Upper Airway Morphology: A Retrospective Comparison of Normal Patients versus Patients with Enlarged Adenoid Tissue.
Authors: Feng Xin , Lie Stein Atle , Hellén-Halme Kristina , Shi Xie-Qi
Published: September 2021

Objectives The present study evaluated the effect of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the morphology of the upper airway (UA) by calculating cross-sectional areas and volumes and comparing the effect in patients with a normal-sized adenoid with the effect in patients with an enlarged adenoid. Study design: Seventeen patients met the inclusion criteria. We constructed 3D models of the UA on cone-beam computed tomography images to calculate cross-sectional areas and volumes at the levels of the nasopharyngeal, retropalatal, and retroglossal airways. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 was comprised of patients with an adenoidal nasopharyngeal (AN) ratio < 0.6 and group 2 with an AN ratio ≥ 0.6. Paired samples t-tests assessed any area and volumetric changes of the UA after RME. Changes in degree of nasal obstruction, calculated as the AN ratio, was then compared for the two groups. An independent samples t-test compared volumetric changes in the nasopharynx between the two groups before and after RME.

Results Changes in cross-sectional areas and volumes of the UA due to RME were not significant. The effects of RME on AN ratio (11 % vs 0 %) and nasopharyngeal volume (36.8 % vs 5.97%) were somewhat larger in group 2 patients who had adenoid-associated nasal obstruction compared with group 1 patients with a normal-sized adenoid; however, the differences were not significant. Conclusions After RME, the patients with an enlarged adenoid had more increases in nasopharyngeal volume compared with those with normal adenoid, despite there was no significant difference.
Odontogenic Keratocyst in a 9-Month-Old Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Correa Pontes Flávia Sirotheau , de Souza Lucas Lacerda , Bittencourt de Oliveira Luiza Teixeira , Khan Waqas , de Abreu Michelle Carvalho , Rebelo Pontes Hélder Antônio
Published: September 2021

Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) is a benign, intraosseous, odontogenic cyst which originates from the basal cells of overlying epithelium or from the dental lamina remnants. Clinically, they are presented as asymptomatic swellings, although can sometimes be associated with pain. Growth of an OKC leads to expansion and destruction of bone as it infiltrates the tissue around it. It is commonly seen in males between the second and fourth decades of life. The aim of this study is to report on the clinicopathological characteristics of an odontogenic keratocyst in a 9-month-old female patient and posterior rehabilitation with a removable maxillary expander.
THE PROFITABILITY DETERMINANTS OF THE GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL & BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Croatia Faculty of Economics & Business Department of Accounting, Tušek Boris , Ježovita Ana , Halar Petra
Published: September 2021

In today's chaotic, complex, unpredictable, and extremely dynamic business environment, it is more than ever essential to operate in a way that will ensure sustainable operations and demand for companies’ goods or services. Employing contemporary corporate governance, advanced information technology, and adequate financial management are significant foundations for sustaining high profitability and adequate financial stability as crucial objectives that ensure adding value for companies' owners. Covid-19 is an excellent stress test for every entity, as for micro-companies, so for the largest multinational corporations. Nowadays, in the era of the world Covid-19 pandemic, companies challenge to maintain business operations and going concern assumption. However, in every crisis or adverse situation, some companies take enormous benefits of it. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can be characterized as the major players during this last, still actual crisis. Their role can be observed from two angles, first as a provider of necessary drugs for curing Covid-19 patients and from the other side, as a developer of effective and efficient vaccine which will ‘save the world’ and brought us back to the ‘old normal’. This paper seeks to investigate financial determinants that are the most significant for the profitability of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. The question is how those companies coped with the Covid-19 crisis, and what is the impact on their profitability in 2020 compared to previous operating years? Another question is how is the development of the vaccine financed and are R&D expenses significantly increased in 2020? Therefore, the objective of the paper is to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the profitability of global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. The research covers 52 entities on the global level for the period from 2010 to 2020. Data will be analysed by applying adequate panel data analysis and moderator regression analysis. Keywords: profitability ratios, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, Covid-19
INDEBTEDNESS IN THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors:   University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Faculty of Economics, Gadžić Mila , Jurić Jelena
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global unprecedented event since the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918. The IMF addressed this pandemic-caused economic fallout as the worst crisis since the Great Depression. Entire continents are in lockdowns just with essential services and activities. Unlike the global financial crisis that derived from a financial sector, this pandemic-caused crisis is shock in real economy, both on the demand and supply side. During previous crisis, especially during global financial crisis, most governments responded with austerity measures and fiscal consolidation. This time it is different. Governments worldwide approved additional expenditures, tax cuts, government bond issuance and borrowing in order to mitigate economic consequences of the looming crisis. One of the pandemic’s result is dramatic increase of indebtedness that could affect efficiency of fiscal and monetary responses created before to fight against crisis. This sudden and strong COVID-10 shock especially effects developing countries and emerging markets, but also advanced countries with already limited fiscal space. The COVID-19 pandemic-caused crisis evoked again fear of debt crisis and expanded a number of countries with indebtedness problems. Bosnia and Herzegovina as developing country with complex state structure and its own macroeconomic, political, institutional problems is not spared of negative effects of the pandemic. In order to save economy when recovery from the previous crisis is still in swing, Bosnia and Herzegovina did emergency measures to support economy. Increase of government spending in addition to reduced tax revenues have created the need for budget rebalance and additional borrowing. The aim of this work is to show macroeconomic situation and problems in the EU countries, countries in the region and especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina before the pandemic as well as current problems, their reactions to COVID-19 pandemic and necessary financial support that could cause increase of indebtedness. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, indebtedness, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Morphometric study of nutrient foramen of tibia in Jharkhand population
Authors: Kushwaha Rajesh K. , Ranjan Rajiv , Prasad Makardhawaj
Published: September 2021

Background: Nutrient foramen gives passage to the nutrient vessels which supply major portion of the bone even bone marrow. Many vascular foramina are present in all bones for the passage of blood vessels. In long bones many small vascular foramina are present at the ends through which epiphyseal and metaphyseal blood vessels passes. In the shaft of long bones one or two larger foramina are present through which nutrient vessels passes. Nutrient artery provides 70% to 80% blood supply of long bones in children and if blood supply is decreased, it may lead to ischemia of bone resulting into less vascularisation of metaphysis and growth plate. Thus precise topographical knowledge of nutrient foramen is necessary for the surgeons to save the nutrient vessels during surgical procedures i.e. fracture fixation, bone grafting etc. Damage to the nutrient artery causes avascular necrosis of bone.Methods: Total 70 dry bones of tibia were taken in the study, without knowledge of sex of the bone. Position, number and direction of the nutrient foramen were noted.Results: single nutrient foramina present in 91.43% of cases and double in 6% of cases. 97.14 % nutrient foramina are directed downward and 2.86% directed upward. 90% nutrient foramina present on posterior surface, 1.42% on lateral surface and 8.57% on lateral border. 75% of nutrient foramina present in upper 1/3 and 25% in middle 1/3. Primary nutrient foramina (>24 G) present in 89.47% and secondary nutrient foramina (<24 G) present in 10.53% of cases.Conclusions: A sound knowledge of nutrient foramen topography, prevent the injuries of vasculature of bone during surgeries.
Correlative study of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus with haemoglobin A1c, duration of diabetes and modifiable risk factors: smoking, alcohol and BMI in adult population attending a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Bedi Nutan , Gulati Archana Omprakash , Devasthali Gauri V.
Published: September 2021

Background: Diabetes is a disease, which if not controlled, affects every cell of the body from head to toe. No wonder it is often referred to as the “SILENT KILLER”. So through our study, we aim to study the correlation between (haemoglobin A1c) HbA1c levels, duration of diabetes and modifiable risk factors with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was conducted in 100 patients (200 eyes) who were diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A detailed history of the duration of diabetes, alcohol intake and smoking and HbA1c levels was taken. Complete ocular examination was done. BMI was also calculated.Results: 2/3rd of the eyes with grade 3 DR were of>10 years duration while 2/3rd of the eyes with grade 2 DR were of 5-10 years duration. Of the eyes with grade 3 DR, all the patients had HbA1c of more than 8. Significant p value shows strong correlation between DR and obesity. No significant correlation of DR was found with alcohol and smoking.Conclusions: The findings in our study endorse the view that duration and HbA1c are important risk factors for occurrence and severity of DR and therefore a regular follow up and good glycemic control is highly essential for the prevention of occurrence and progression of DR. Strong correlation between BMI and DR suggest that lifestyle changes play a pivotal role.
Modelling of Flow Patterns over Spillway with CFD (Case Study: Haditha Dam in Iraq)
Authors: Almawla Atheer Saleem , Kamel Ammar Hatem , Lateef Assim Mohammed
Published: September 2021

Spillways are designing to release surplus water over a volume of storage. The excess water flows from the top of the reservoir and is carried back to the river by a spillway. Many radial gates were destroyed under hydrodynamic load. Radial gate connectors are susceptible to fatigue failure due to excessive vibration; therefore, gate vibration during operation must be investigated to confirm safe operation at the design water pressure. Several studies were carried out to analyse and simulation of flow over the spillway. In this article, the flow pattern over the Haditha dam spillway has been simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The numerical model was performed using Ansys Fluent 2020 R1 to simulate the flow properties; determination of cavitation damage at three discharges corresponding in the design of Haditha dam are 4700, 7140, and 7900 m3/s. In addition to finding the effect of gate vibration under dynamic water loads. The Realisable k-ɛ turbulence model was utilised with the volume of fluid (VOF) model to simulate the interaction between air and water phases. The validation of the numerical model was achieved by comparing it with a physical model. The physical model of the Haditha Dam spillway was made from iron with a scale of 1:110. It has been designed and constructed in a hydraulic laboratory according to the modelling principle of the hydraulic structure. The results showed that a high agreement between the physical and numerical model and the k-ɛ turbulence model could simulate the Haditha dam spillway with low cost and few times. The cavitation damage may occur at the region start at the end of the arching spillway to stretches downstream, and there is no damage of gate vibration under dynamic water load.
Positive Changes in Flood Mitigation Through Sand Dredging Works at Padas River and Tributary Based on HEC-RAS Hydrological Modelling
Authors: Pirah Jeffery Anak , Roslee Rodeano
Published: September 2021

In the recent years, the impacts of floods have gained importance because of the increasing number of people who are affected by its adverse effects, especially in Beaufort area, Sabah, Malaysia. Flood destroyed critical infrastructures that are needed as shelter and also emergency relief for victim. This paper presents the findings of flood modelling undertaken to establish baseline and post mining flooding conditions during upstream storm and combination of upstream and downstream storm, respectively. A hydrologic model was established and calibrated based on 2014 flood. A structural approach by changing the physical dimension through dredging or sand mining between 2m to 3m is used for hydrology modelling is added into the existing floodgates and bunds. The outcome from sustainable sand is prevailing when it is able to reduce flood level for normal flow, upstream case, and both upstream and downstream case. Other findings are changes in velocity, shear and the significantly reduced power generated by the river during flooding.
Spatial and Temporal Water Quality Evaluation of Heavy Metals of Habbaniyah Lake, Iraq
Authors: Ghalib Huda Sulaiman , Ramal Majeed Mattar
Published: September 2021

Heavy metal concentrations in a water sample from Habbaniyah Lake (HL), Iraq (Cr, Cd, Ni, Fe, Co, Zn, Pb, and Cu). Thirty-three sites were chosen in the research area from October 2020 to April 2021 to evaluate emissions of heavy metals during two seasons (dry and wet). Spectrophotometer for atomic absorption was used to test heavy metal concentration (USA Phoenix-986). The findings of the study indicate that water levels were concentrated Cr>Ni >Fe>Co>Pb>Zn=Cd=Cu during the dry season and the wet season Cr>Fe>Pb>Co>Ni=Zn=Cd=Cu. HMPI and HMEI were both used to assess the level of water supply toxicity of heavy metals in the area of research. In Habbaniyah Lake water, several concentrations of heavy metals exceed the criteria for drinking and water life such as Co and Pb were exceed the allowed limits of WHO, CCME in the dry and wet seasons. The study area's human, agricultural and industrial activities and human population resulted in a rise in heavy element concentrations including Cr that surpassed the WHO, CCME, FAO, EPA, and IQS. The mean values of (Cd, Zn, and Cu) during dry and wet seasons were non-consistent in all stations. The average value of Ni was above water life limit during the dry season. The average values of CD, HMPI, and HMEI during the wet season were 20.8984, 57.8248 and 24.8977 and in the dry season were 17.3745, 61.8769, and 22.3747 respectively. Results indicate that HL is highly contaminated with HMs according to national and international guidelines, (CD), (HMPI) and (HMEI) indices pointed that HL water quality was bad. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to estimate the pollution sources, results show that, pollution are originated from multiple sources, anthropogenic sources are major pollution sources while lithogenic is minor pollution sources, anthropogenic origin, which is mostly due to the wastewater point sources on Warrar stream.
The importance of developing intercultural communication skills in teaching foreign languages
Authors: Kolyada N.A.
Published: September 2021

The article considers teaching a foreign language as a means of everyday communication with native speakers of another culture. Special attention is paid to crosscultural learning, which contributes to the achievement of cross-cultural communication. The article offers opportunities for developing the abilities and skills of cross-cultural communication with the involvement of the material of linguistic and cultural content, provides examples of exercises for the development and consolidation of cross-cultural communication skills, aimed at the ability to interpret the existing various models of perception of the world, to relate other cultural customs and mores with their behavioral norms.
Оценка регионов по эпидемиологической ситуации COVID-19 с использованием методов дискриминантного анализа
Authors: Митина Т.В.
Published: September 2021

В рассматриваемой работе для оценки эпидемиологической ситуации по регионам нашей страны используются методы многомерного статистического анализа, такие как иерархический кластерный анализ и дискриминантный линейный анализ. С помощью иерархического кластерного анализа формируются две обучающие выборки, а с помощью линейного дискриминантного анализа формулируется правило для распределения новых регионов по получившимся выборкам.
Переводческие трансформации и приѐмы перевода
Authors: Гитайло Е.Н.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются основные виды переводческих трансформаций и приемы их перевода. При переводе они помогут избежать многих ошибок и сделать перевод более гармоничным и литературным. Применение переводческих трансформаций необходимо главным образом для достижения переводческой эквивалентности, что требует от переводчика произвести многочисленные и качественно разнообразные межъязыковые преобразования, т.е. переводческие трансформации, с тем, чтобы текст перевода с максимально возможной полнотой передавал всю информацию, заключенную в исходном тексте.
Дуализм проблемы распространения технологий виртуальной реальности в Южной Корее: переводческий аспект
Authors: Исаева М.Ю. , Кривошеева Е.И.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности научно-популярных и публицистических материалов по теме игровой индустрии и киберзависимости на корейском языке. Индустрия игр и технологии виртуальной реальности активно развиваются и распространяются не только в Корее, но и по всему миру. В результате этого появилась новая проблема – зависимость от компьютерных игр, которая была признана Всемирной организацией здравоохранения болезнью. С развитием новых технологий также появилось много новой профессиональной терминологии, которая может стать проблемой для переводчика. В работе анализируются позиции представителей игровой индустрии и медэкспертов касательной данной проблемы в переводческом аспекте и предлагаются переводческие решения для адекватной и точной передачи информации на русский язык.
Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Post-measles Vaccine: A Case Report
Authors: Helaly Ahmed Arafa , Ezzat Ahmed , Abdellatif Mohammed Gamal
Published: September 2021

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is characterized by an increase in intracranial pressure with no significant structural cause. The diagnostic criteria include general signs and symptoms of generalized increased intracranial pressure or papilledema, increased Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) pressure (>250 mm H2 O), and normal brain imaging. It usually occurs in adults but rarely can be seen in children. We report a 7-year-old child with a manifestation of increased intracranial tension after the measles vaccine, associated with bilateral sixth nerve palsy and bilateral facial palsy with lower motor neuron features. Normal magnetic resonance imaging and CSF results were normal, except for an increase in CSF pressure. The symptoms began to be resolved after lumbar puncture with the complete resolution of symptoms after one and half months. We add also acetazolamide at the proper dose to reduce intracranial pressure from the first day of diagnosis.
Acute Myocarditis Due to Scorpion Sting in a 9-year-old Girl
Authors: Khalilian Mohammad Reza , Tavallai Zavareh Seyyed Abdolhossein , Norouzi Ali Reza , Ghazavi Mohammad , Goudarzi Ali Ahmad
Published: September 2021

A 9-year-old girl with signs and symptoms of acute toxic myocarditis and cardiogenic shock with elevated cardiac enzymes was admitted to the Critical Care Unit (CCU) of our hospital with an ejection fraction of 25%. The patient was managed with supportive care and the administration of polyvalent antivenom and inotropes, and after 8 days, she was discharged without any complication with normal ejection fraction. Toxic myocarditis can be a result of scorpion envenomation. After two months of follow-up, the patient recovered completely and medications were discontinued.
Acquired Hemophilia in Association With Pemphigus Vulgaris: An Uncommon Coexistence: A Case Report
Authors: Balighi Kamran , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Mahmoudi Hamidreza , Shakoei Safoura , Aryanian Zeinab , Tavakolpour Soheil , Azizpour Arghavan
Published: September 2021

Acquired Hemophilia (AHA) is a relatively rare disease that occurs in patients with no previous family history of hemophilia. The spontaneous development of autoantibodies (IgG1 and IgG4) against factor VIII has been reported as the most probable cause of AHA. AHA has been reported in association with other conditions, including some autoimmune bullous skin diseases, such as bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, and pemphigus foliaceous. To the best of our knowledge, only 21 cases of AHA with skin autoimmune bullous diseases have been reported so far. Herein, we report a 63-year-old male with a previous history of pemphigus vulgaris who developed large ecchymotic areas on his lower abdomen and forearms after the second infusion of rituximab. Based on coagulation factors evaluation, he was diagnosed with AHA. Treatment with factor VII led to the improvement in his coagulation status, but unfortunately, he passed away because of inferior wall myocardial infarction four days later.
Total Uterine Inversion After Normal Vaginal Delivery: A Case Report
Authors: Kashani Ladan , Tehranian Afsaneh , Mohiti Shima , Hosseini Ladan
Published: September 2021

Puerperal uterine inversion is a rare obstetric emergency that may cause maternal mortality. We describe a multiparous woman with total uterine inversion after a normal vaginal delivery. A 28-years-old, gravid 3, pregnant woman was admitted to the hospital in the first stage of labor. She had a past medical history of curettage due to abnormal vaginal bleeding following her second vaginal delivery and the present pregnancy proceeded without complications. After the delivery, due to the history of placental adhesion, umbilical cord traction was avoided and after 20 min, the patient was asked to push hard. During a Valsalva maneuver, the uterus and the placenta were suddenly expelled from the vagina. The placenta was completely adherent to the decidua and the patient displayed no signs of shock. Then manual repositioning of the uterus was performed by a closed fist and a subtotal abdominal hysterectomy was performed. Pathological examination revealed placenta accreta and the placenta was found completely adherent at the fundus. Uterine inversion usually occurs unexpectedly and is unpreventable in some cases. Assessment of the possible risk factors before delivery may help predict its occurrence. Therefore, in women with a positive history, special measures should be taken in the third stage of labor to manage the possibility of inversion.
Bilateral Corneal Ghost Vessels in an Otherwise Healthy Child
Authors: Aghaei Hossein , Es’haghi Acieh , Rafatnia Shirin , Alilou Sanam
Published: September 2021

We report a rare case of bilateral corneal ghost vessels in a 6–year-old child with an unremarkable past ocular and past medical history. This study was a single observational case report. A 6-year-old girl was referred to our clinic for further evaluation, due to suboptimal visual acuity in both eyes. Her past medical and ocular history revealed no systemic, inflammatory, infectious, or degenerative disorders. Slit-lamp examination revealed regressed blood vessels (“ghost vessels”) in the anterior and mid-corneal stroma as the only pathologic finding. Confocal scanning microscopy of both corneas demonstrated scattered branching railroad-shaped ghost vessels at the level of the middle and anterior stroma. Complete systemic workup was performed for the patient. No identifiable risk factor for the development of corneal vascularization was found. According to our findings, we assume that in our patient, vasculogenesis occurred due to angioblast invasion to the presumptive cornea due to disequilibrium in mechanisms involved in vascular patterning during embryonic development.
Discrimination between Inhibitory and Excitatory Neurons of Mouse Hippocampus Based on the Shape of Extracellular Spike Waveforms
Authors: Oghazian Mehrdad , Saffari Farzad , Khadem Ali
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Inhibitory and excitatory neurons play an essential role in brain function, and we aim to introduce an automatic method to discriminate these two populations based on features of the shape of their spikes. Consequently, we will explain the spike extraction from raw data of a single shank electrode and determine the best features of spike waveforms for the classification of neurons. It is noteworthy that, to the best of our knowledge, classification of inhibitory and excitatory neurons using the shape features extracted from their spike waveforms has not been done before.
Materials and Methods: In this paper, we use a dataset of mouse hippocampus neurons in which the neuron types (inhibitory or excitatory) have been verified optogenetically. For the classification of mouse hippocampus neurons, we extracted eight shape features of their spike waveforms in addition to their firing rates and used three types of classifiers: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to analyze the discriminatory power of features based on the accuracy of the classifications.
Results: We showed that Spike asymmetry, Peak-to-trough ratio, Recovery slope, and Duration between peaks were four shape features of spike waveforms participated in the optimum feature subsets that resulted in maximum classification accuracy. Moreover, the SVM classifier with RBF kernel resulted in maximum accuracy of %96.91 ± %13.03 and was identified as the best classifier.
Conclusion: In this study, we found that shape features of spike waveforms can accurately classify inhibitory and excitatory neurons of mouse hippocampus. Also, we found an optimum subset of shape features of spike waveforms that resulted in better classification performance than previously proposed subsets of features used for clustering of neurons. Our findings open a promising way toward a functional classification of neurons automatically.
Evaluating the Effect of the Silicone Prosthesis on the Photon Dose Distribution in Radiation Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Olfat Shaghayegh , Samadi Miandoab Payam , Banaee Nooshin
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women which in some cases is followed by breast reconstructions. The objective of the experimental study is to investigate the effect of the silicone prosthesis implementation on the dose distribution of radiotherapy.
Materials and Methods: Initially CT images of 7 mastectomy breast patients with silicone prosthesis were imported to the Monaco treatment planning system. A treatment plan consisting of two tangential photon fields with a prescription dose of 50Gy was arranged. To study the effect and water equivalency of silicone prosthesis, dose distribution of treatment plan was acquired in two conditions: 1) considering the real electron density of silicone prosthesis; 2) modifying (Relative electron density) RED of silicone prosthesis to 1 to virtually assume it as soft tissue (water). The results were then compared by VeriSoft software to evaluate the gamma index.
Results: The obtained results indicated that the RED for the silicon prosthesis varies between 0.7 and 1.14 while the RED for soft tissue is approximately 1. Also, the Dose-volume histogram curves for both conditions indicated that the minimum and maximum differences ranged from 1% to 4%. The significant differences might be due to the presence of the air cavity or bubbles in the silicone prosthesis implementation or air voxels between prostheses and soft tissue.
Conclusion: The obtained results showed that if there is no air cavity in silicone prosthesis and the surgery is performed in a way that no volume of air is left between the prosthesis and breast tissue, the effect and presence of silicone prosthesis will be similar to soft tissue (water).
Detecting Types of Sleep Apneas Through Nonlinear Features of Electrocardiogram and Electroencephalogram Signals
Authors: Saghafi Shaghayegh , Nowshiravan Rahatabad Fereidoun , Maghooli Keivan
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Sleep apnea is a common disease among women, and mainly men. The most dangerous complication of this disorder is heart stroke. Other complications include insufficient sleep and resulting daytime tiredness and illness that affect the individual's activities during the day, disrupt their life. Therefore, identifying this disease is important.
Materials and Methods: We used Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) channels from the data of 25 patients with sleep apnea, for each type of sleep apnea, 8 nonlinear-like features, including fractal dimension, correlation dimension, certainty, recurrence rate, mean diagonal lines, the entropy of recursive quantification analysis, sample Entropy, and Shannon entropy were extracted. Then, feature matrices were sorted using principal component analysis in the order of linear combination of features, and the 20 selected features were chosen, normalized using common methods, and fed to different classifiers. Two 5-class and 2-class classification methods were assessed. In the 5-classification, three classifiers were used; the support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, and multilayer perceptron.
Results: The results showed that the highest mean validity, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the SVM classifier was 88.45%, 88.35%, 88.33%, and 88.32%, respectively. In the 2-class approach, in addition to the mentioned classifiers, linear discriminant analysis, Bayes, and majority voting were used, and each class was considered against all classes. The highest average validity, average accuracy, average sensitivity, average specificity using the majority rule voting was 94.35%, 94.30%, 94.32%, and 94.15% respectively.
Conclusion: When the results of classifiers are combined with the majority voting method, the validity of identifying the classes increases. The average validity for this method was obtained at 94.42%, which was higher than several other studies. It is recommended that databases with a larger sample size be used. This would lead to increased reliability of the proposed analysis method. Moreover, using novel deep-learning-based methods could help obtain better results.
Skyshine Dose Estimations for an 18 MeV Photon Beam Using MCNPX Code: A Comparison of Flattened and Flattening Filter-Free Beam
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Mohammad , Ghiasi Hosein
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The current study aimed to estimate photon skyshine dose rate from a Varian linac equippedwith a Flattening Filter (FF) and its FF-Free (FFF) mode. The skyshine photons from a Linac bunker can influence the radiation dose received by personnel and the public in radiation therapy centers.
Materials and Methods: In the current study skyshine dose from the conventional flattened beam and the flattening-free beam were compared. The MCNPX Monte Carlo code was used to model an18 MeV photon beam of Varian linac. The skyshine radiation was calculated for FF and FFF linac photon beams at the control room, parking, sidewalk, and corridor around the linac room.
Results: For the conventional beam, the skyshine dose rates of 0.53, 0.42, 0.45, and 0.50 mSv/h were estimated for the control room, corridor, sidewalk, and parking, respectively. While for the FFF beam, dose rates of 0.21, 0.20, 0.20, and 0.23 mSv/h were estimated for the same positions, respectively. The results indicated that the empirical method of NCRP 151 can not distinguish between FF and FFF beams in skyshine dose calculations. Our results found a 50% lower level dose rate from the FFF beam at distant and nearby locations.
Conclusion: The findings of current can be helpful in the radiation dose calculations and the radiation protection designation of radiation therapy bunkers.
Tips and Tricks in Molecular Imaging: A Practical Approach
Authors: Tarighatnia Ali , Johal Gurkaran , Aghanejad Ayuob , Ghadiri Hossein , Nader Nader D.
Published: September 2021

A variety of imaging modalities include X-ray-based Computed Tomography (CT) scan, Ultrasound (US), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Medical Imaging (NMI), and Optical Imaging (OI) are used to help diagnose and treat diseases through anatomical, physiological, and functional representation. With the advent of molecular imaging using nanoparticles, detailed information about properties is provided and facilitates early detection of malignancies. Now, novel approaches in nanoparticle designing, the development of hybrid imaging modalities, and improvements in the sensitivity of instruments have raised the level of disease diagnosis.
Regarding the fact that the molecular imaging fundamentals and basis of materials as contrast agents are different from each other, we have updated the brief synopsis of basic principles of imaging technique containing important points in detail with a practical approach.
Assessing the Stress Echocardiography in Women with Breast Arterial Calcification
Authors: Shobeiri Elham , Rai Alireza , Rouzbahani Mohammad , Heidari moghadam Reza , Azimivghar Javad , Pourmirza Faranak , Tadbiri Hooman , Salehi Nahid
Published: September 2021

Objective: breast arterial calcification (BAC) is one of the most prevalent mammographic findings and has been debated as a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVDs).  The present study aimed to assess the findings of stress echo in women with BAC.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on women who undergo mammography for routine breast cancer screening at Imam Reza hospital, western Iran from March 2018 to July 2018. The patients underwent stress echocardiography to evaluate the probability of myocardial ischemia (MI). Chi-square and independent t-tests were used to assess the differences between subgroups.
Results: BAC was present in 61 (15.2%) women. The mean age of the patients with BAC was significantly higher than the patients without BAC (58.59± 7.82 vs. 55.32±6.57, p =0.003). Prevalence rates of the menopause (88.5% vs. 71.1%, p=0.009), hypertension (29.5% vs. 17.7%, p=0.032), and hypercholesterolemia (24.6% vs. 13.0, p=0.018) were significantly higher in the patients with BAC compared to the patients without BAC. The prevalence rate of MI symptoms in the patients with BAC was equal to 24.6%. Signiﬁcantly, more women with BAC were positive for myocardial ischemia compared to the women without BAC (24.6% vs. 8.5%, p<0.001). The prevalence rates of the diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and history of CVDs were significantly higher in the patients who were positive for MI.
Conclusion: It was found that BACs are correlated with an increased occurrence rate of CVDs. Our results illustrated that the patients who were positive for MI were more plausible to be diabetic, hyperlipidemic, hypertensive, and having a history of CVDs.
Effect of Exercise on Inter-Recti Distance and Associated Low Back Pain Among Post-Partum Females; A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Saleem Zulekha , Khan Amna Aamir , Farooqui Sumaira Imran , Yasmeen Rehana , Rizvi Jaza
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aimed to emphasize facilitation training and strengthening of abdominal and core muscles in improving the inter-recti distance (IRD) and associated low back pain (LBP) among young postpartum females.
Materials and methods: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial, among forty young postpartum females, was conducted at a community health center. The females were divided into two equal groups through the envelope method where Group A received abdominal crunch training protocol whereas group B received double straight leg raise (DSLR) exercise protocol for 6 weeks and pre and post IRD and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were recorded.
Results: Group A showed improvement in IRD with a mean difference of 1.95±0.4 whereas in group B it was found to be 2.85±0.35 when assessed through finger palpation method.  The mean difference of IRD, when measured through digital nylon caliper method in abdominal crunch and DSLR exercise group was 4.06±0.74 and 1.2±0.49 respectively. Moreover, ODI scores of group A were 2.70±1.05 whereas, group B scores were found to be 1.1±0.06 showing that LBP reduced in participants who performed abdominal crunch exercise.
Conclusion: This study reveals that 6 weeks of exercise protocol was observed to be effective in the management of DRA. Thus, abdominal crunch exercise seemed to produce promising results in a reduction of IRD and associated LBP.
Clinical, Radiographic and Histological Assessments of a Rare Case of Intraosseous Arteriovenous Malformation in Maxilla Occurred During Pregnancy; A Case Report
Authors: Ghazizadeh Ahsaie Mitra , Tabrizi Reza , Alizadehtabrizi Mohamadamir , Gholami Toghchi Sanaz
Published: September 2021

Objective: Intraosseous Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a vascular hamartoma with almost 50% of cases occurring in the head and neck. These lesions are of great importance as they may cause massive bleeding during tooth extraction and surgeries.
Case report: A 33 year old female complained of swelling and gingival bleeding on the right side of the maxilla and hard palate. The swelling was noticed during pregnancy and the patient underwent a surgical excision 6 months after labor. The specimen was submitted for histological examination. An intraosseous AVM presenting in maxilla was diagnosed.
Conclusion: Although rare, intraosseous AVM may occur. The role of pregnancy and hormonal changes is still controversial. Clinical, radiographic and histological characteristics of AVM should be thoroughly assessed before surgical excision.