bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Trafficking Trends
Authors: Sapkota Bishnu
Published: August 2019

A person in trafficking shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. The main objective of this study is to analyze the emerging global trend of human trafficking. Variables from existing theories were drawn to formulate a comprehensive view of the process followed during the commitment. Factors from terrain characteristics to border patrols help to determine trafficking routes by either facilitating or impeding the rapid clandestine movement of people. Additionally, political, social and economic factors within a society or region can either ‘push’ or ‘pull’ victims into a situation of trafficking. The basic argument is that, since human trafficking involves a high contingent of role players from a variety of backgrounds, a single explanation for its cause cannot exist in the globe.
Research Philosophy in Development Studies: An Inquiry from Qualitative Design
Authors: Sapkota Mahendra
Published: August 2019

Development studies have got both discourse as well as empirical field of research. This paper presents a synthesis of research methodology and its philosophical settings in the field. It deals with philosophical and methodological approaches from the qualitative research design approach. Then it offers a methodological plural perspective along with the discussion of interpretivism, criticalism and social constructivism. Though this paper is not developed out of an empirical field study, the methodology here employed is the review based reflexive perspective of the author. Discussing the context of grounded theory approach, the paper illustrates how a position of the researcher and the conditionality of the study universe affect each other. The central argument of the paper maintains that in multi-real world the disciplinary approach and single-method inquiry could not go into the depth of the research world. Rather, the realties are complex and often changing rapidly in the given political economic context of development. It is thus a time to look after the methodological approach of development studies.
ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ ВИМОГ РОЗВИТКУ РЕКРЕАЦІЇ ГІРСЬКИХ РАЙОНІВ ІВАНО-ФРАНКІВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Smadych I.
Published: August 2019

Створення рекреаційних інфраструктури в Карпатському регіоні в період з 2000 року зазнало ряд змін, що відбувалися в соціально-економічній, політичній, демографічній,  геополітичній та інших сферах. Вони ставлять нові вимоги до створення об’єктів сучасної рекреації. Першочергову роль в рекреаційному освоєнні гірських районів Івано-Франківської області належить врахування вимог екологічності, як базисного елемента збереження середовища для розвитку рекреації.
В попередніх дослідженнях проведено аналіз та оцінку потенціалу незадіяних рекреаційних ресурсів регіону та  охарактеризовано особливості та чинники архітектурно-планувальної організації. Виділені чинники формування рекреаційної сфери поділяються на п’ять груп: соціальні; економічні; демографічні; політичні; екологічні; ті що відносяться до матеріальної та духовної культури населення.
В дослідженні обгрунтовано наступні вимоги екологічної безпеки розвитку рекреації в гірських районах Івано-Франківської області, а саме: вимога відповідності стратегіям та планам регіонального розвитку, яка передбачає врахування та узгодження стратегій та програм збереження підвищення екологічної безпеки на всіх рівнях рекреаційного районування та проектування; поглиблення наукової обґрунтованості проектних рішень з врахування даних екологічного моніторингу, соціальної орієнтованості архітектурних рішень при формуванні рекреаційного середовища, що передбачає зміну систем громадських обговорень та роботи з територіальними громадами, енергоефективності та екологічності проектованих об’єктів, що передбачає використання альтернативних джерел енергії, енергоощадних матеріалів та конструкцій, а  також екологічної безпеки проектних рішень.
ЗНАЧЕННЯ ГЕОЛОГІЧНОЇ ПАМ’ЯТКИ ПРИРОДИ «СТАРУНЯ» ДЛЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПРИКАРПАТТЯ ТА УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Adamenko O.
Published: August 2019

Всесвітньо відоме палеонтологічне місцезнаходження викопної фауни плейстоценових (42-10 тисяч років тому) чотирьох волохатих носорогів Rhinoceros antiquitatis Blum, і мамонта Mammuthus primigenius Blum, та єдиний у Карпатах діючий грязьовий вулкан оголошені у 1984р. геологічною пам’яткою природи загальнодержавного значення “Старуня”. Розташована пам’ятка на південно-західній околиці с. Старуня Богородчанського району Івано-Франківської області, у 25 км від обласного центру. Виділено кілька аспектів значення пам’ятки для: 1) розвитку природно заповідного фонду, підвищення категорії заповідання від “пам’ятки природи” до “геопарку Льодовикового періоду”; 2) розвитку туристично-рекреаційного бізнесу; 3) вирішення важливих наукових проблем, зокрема, визначення вікових реперів та періодизації глобальних кліматичних змін; 4) оцінки ролі поверхневих та глибинних джерел міграції вуглеводних сполук, що важливо для прогнозів нафтогазоносності Прикарпаття; 5) обґрунтування медико-лікувальних можливостей шляхом організації соле-грязе-озотокеритового санаторію; 6) підвищення соціально-економічного рівня села і району, створення нових робочих місць для населення.
В історії досліджень Старуні виділяються етапи відкриття мамонтової фауни у 1907 та 1929рр., появи грязьового вулкану у 1977р., наукових українсько-польських експедицій з бурінням свердловин, геофізичними та геохімічними дослідженнями у 2004-2008 рр., публікацією монографій у 1914, 2004, 2005, 2009 та 2017 роках. Критично оцінена недостатня увага владних структур до вивчення Старуні та ентузіазм науковців.
Запропонований механізм утворення геоактивної зони у Старунській складці, завдяки постійному тиску карпатських скиб – складок, які вижимали з глибин на поверхню нафту, газ, мінералізовані води, грязі та ін.. Це створило відповідні умови для формування озокеритового родовища, покладів нафти і газу, грязьового вулкану, сольових грифонів, бальзамування мамонтової фауни. Автор пропонує організувати Старунський геодинамічний полігон та підняти статус геологічної пам’ятки природи загальнодержавного значення “Старуня” до міжнародного геопарку Льодовикового періоду.
FROM ENVIROMATICS TO SUSTAINABLE INFORMATICS:BEYOND THE DEFINITION AND CONCEPTUAL DELIMITATIONS
Authors: Cioruta B. , Coman M.
Published: August 2019

Environmental Information Systems and Environmental Informatics play an important role in decision-making in the field, being closely linked with environmental requirements in decades and with environmental research methodologies, as part of the sustainable development management. The discussion on sustainability, as particular environmental research methodologies, aims to identify characteristic attributes that allowed passage of environmental data to environmental information and environmental knowledge; from Environmental Information System and Environmental Informatics to Sustainable Informatics, starts to interest more and more actors and activists focused on environmental protection - according to the definition spectrum found on internet exhaustive search.
АНАЛІЗ ВИКИДІВ ЗАБРУДНЮЮЧИХ РЕЧОВИН В АТМОСФЕРНЕ ПОВІТРЯ СТАЦІОНАРНИМИ ДЖЕРЕЛАМИ
Authors: Kryvenko G. , Vozniak L. , Zorin V.
Published: August 2019

Для оцінки викидів шкідливих речовин в атмосферне повітря було взято Івано-Франківську область, оскільки дана область налічує немалу кількість рекреаційних ресурсів.
Відходи виробництва електроенергії на теплоелектростанціях ускладнюють екологічну ситуацію в країні. Вирішення проблем, що пов’язані з охороною навколишнього середовища та покращення якості його соціальної складової, завжди є актуальним. Актуальність полягає у зменшенні техногенного навантаження на довкілля теплогенеруючими підприємствами.
Метою роботи є аналіз і прогнозування викидів забруднюючих речовин в атмосферне повітря стаціонарними джерелами. У процесі досліджень вирішувалися питання аналізу приземних концентрацій забруднюючих речовин на межі санітарно-захисної зони та прогнозної оцінки подальших викидів.
Проаналізовано зміну викидів забруднюючих речовин за певний період часу. Для аналізу існуючих викидів Бурштинської ТЕС та порівняння їх з ГДК розраховано приземні концентрації забруднюючих речовин на межі санітарно-захисної зони. Бурштинська ТЕС належить до другої категорії небезпеки. Побудовано прогнозну оцінку подальших викидів та наведено заходи щодо їх мінімізації. Розраховано індекс токсичності з урахуванням вагових коефіцієнтів. Аналіз викидів вказує на перевищення ГДК для деяких забруднюючих речовин. За індексом токсичності, який враховує як клас небезпеки речовини, так і ступінь перевищення ГДК, рекомендуються заходи щодо зменшення викидів певних речовин та вибору палива з меншим їх вмістом.
Рекомендовано вибір палива з меншим вмістом у викидах не тільки таких речовин як оксид азоту, речовини у вигляді суспендованих твердих частинок, діоксиду сірки, але і свинцю та його сполук. При встановленні та реконструкції систем очищення димових газів для Бурштинської ТЕС необхідно враховувати фільтраційну здатність обладнання щодо речовин з великим значенням індексу токсичності.
Для уніфікації розрахунків, аналізу в розрізі обраного періоду часу, можливості застосування для інших об’єктів господарювання було розроблено програмне забезпечення.
INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND MICROBIAL ASSESSMENT OF A NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY CAMPUS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
Authors: Shittu Aishah I. , Njoku Kelechi L. , Adesuyi Adeola A.
Published: August 2019

Good indoor air quality improves productivity at the workplace. On the other hand, poor indoor air quality could lead to losses in productivity as a result of comfort problems, ill health and sickness-absenteeism. The aim of the study was to assess indoor air quality in various rooms of university buildings covering the offices, lecture theatre, laboratory or workshops and public restroom across eight faculties in a conventional university. Investigations were conducted at twenty-nine indoor locations in the main campus of University of Lagos. Noise level, PM2.5, PM10, relative humidity and temperature, CO, SO2, NOx, and the microbial quality (fungal and bacterial) were all determined. The microbial quality was determined using the sedimentation method (open petri dishes) containing different culture media for sample collection. Noise level ranged from 61.60 to 84.10 dBA. The noise level is quite high in almost all sampling points especially in the workshops, yet there was no significant difference (P>0.05) across all the indoor sampling points and the WHO limit.SO2 were mostly absence, however, the highest value of 0.4 ppm was recorded which was higher than recommended limit of 0.1 ppm.PM2.5 ranged between 4.0–25.0 µg/m3 and PM10 were between 8.0–47.0 µg/m3. Though, there was high variation in PM2.5 and PM10 across all the indoor sampling points, there were no significant difference (P>0.05). They were below the maximum limit of 150 µg/m3.The total fungi load ranged from 10.4 to 963 CFU/m3. There was generally higher number of fungi in the restroom than all the other indoor environments and they were significant in Faculty of social sciences. Fungi isolates include Aspergillus spp. (86.2%), unidentified mold (13.77%) and Sporothrix schenckii (0.03%). Total bacteria load ranged from 96.3 to 689 CFU/m3. The lowest load of bacteria (9.63 x 101 CFU/m3) was recorded in the dean’s office at the faculty of environmental science. The rest rooms have higher bacterial load (6.89 x 102 CFU/m3), which was higher than the recommended maximum limit of 500 CFU/m3. Identification from the colonies showed that about 55% were gram negative and 45% were gram negative cells. Morphological studies showed that cocci were also more predominant over the bacillary shape bacteria (55% versus 45%).
X-Ray diffraction and mössbauer studies of Fe-57 implantation into the metallic Ta AND Mo
Authors:   Institute of ,Nuclear Physic, Satbayev University, Bedelbekova K.A.
Published: August 2019

Development of nuclear and thermonuclear energy poses a number of problems for materials scientists related to the creation of structural materials. It should be noted that to date, the material of the fuel rod ducts, which would be able to realize the economical, long-term and safe operation of FNR in full scope, has not been developed. The study of the properties of structural materials for operating and future nuclear plants is still one of the most important scientific and technical challenges. The methods of X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy on 57Fe nucleus were used to study the effect of implanting 57Fe ions of 1 MeV energy and the fluence of 5*1016ion/cm2 on the radiation resistance properties of the structural materials of the nuclear industry of metallic Ta and Mo. Mössbauer studies were of two methods: 1) standard transmission geometry (MS) and 2) conversion electrons registration from the material surface (KEMC). Concentration of the implanted Fe atoms was calculated using STRIM software. Two phases formation was found at the result of implantation into Ta and Mo matrices. The main phase in molybdenum (84%) is a solid solution of Fe replacement into Mo. The main phase in tantalum (78%) corresponds to formation of Fe complexes in the matrix of Ta. The obtained results of the study could be used to solve the issues of NPPs safe operation and to improve the efficiency of their operation, enabling the resource characteristics of core materials to be correctly assessed and to predict their behavior at high damaging radiation doses.
New MRI Finding in Migraineurs: Mesial Temporal Sclerosis
Authors: Bagheri M H , Jalli R , Hoseyni Moghadam A
Published: August 2019

Background:Based on our experience, a noticeable number of migraineurs without history of epilepsy disclose mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) on their brain MRI. This prospective study was conducted to assess the frequency of MTS in migraineurs and also determine the ratio of unilateral and bilateral cases.Material and Methods: The frequency of MTS in MRI of 84 migraine patients, who had symptoms for at least 2 years, assessed. Brain MRI was done with T1 and T2 weighted protocols. Two radiologists separately interpreted findings, defining MTS as presence of any of hippocampal atrophy, increased T2 signal of hippocampus, decreased T1 signal of hippocampus or loss of internal architecture. Patients who radiologists had not agreement on their diagnoses excluded. Stat analysis done using ‘N - 1’ chi squared test.Results: Eleven patients were excluded due to non-accordant interpretation of MRI findings by the two examining radiologists. MTS was detected in 14 out of 73 patients (19%). Bilateral involvement of mesial temporal lobe was seen in 6 (8%) patients (M: 67%, F: 33%). Five cases (7%) had unilateral left MTS (M: 67%, F: 33%) while 3 (4%) were affected with right-sided MTS (M: 33%, F: 67%). These findings highly suggest association of MTS and Migraine (P-value <0.0001).Conclusion: While MTS is a prevalent finding in migraineurs, incidental finding of MTS in MRI should suspect physicians of migraine as well as temporal lobe epilepsy. MTS can be proposed as an etiology of migraine but most likely, consequence of it.
On the energy current for the harmonic crystals in the half-space
Authors: Dudnikova T. V.
Published: August 2019

We consider the dynamics of the harmonic crystal in the half-space with zero boundary condition. We assume that the initial data are a random function. We prove the convergence of the distributions of the solutions to a limiting measure for large times. The formula for the limiting energy current density (in mean) is derived. The application to the case of the Gibbs initial measures is given. We find the stationary non-equilibrium states, in which there exists a non-zero heat flow passing through the points of the crystal.
High excursions of Bessel process and other processes of Bessel type
Authors: Piterbarg V. I. , Rodionov I. V.
Published: August 2019

A high excursion probability for the modulus of a Gaussian vector process with independent identically distributed components is evaluated. It is assumed that the components have means zero and variances reaching its absolute maximum at a single point of the considered time interval. An important example of such processes is the Bessel process.
Many-dimensional tauberian theorems for holomorphic functions of bounded argument
Authors: Drozhzhinov Ju. N.
Published: August 2019

For generalized functions with Laplace transform has nonnegative imaginary part in tube domain over positive actant, we found sufficient conditions for existence of quasiasymptotic, the function with regular behavior with respect to which the quasiasymptotic exists being explicitly found. The obtained results are used to steady of the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the Cauchy problem of passive operators.
Approximation of the n-vicinity method
Authors: Kryzhanovsky B. V.
Published: August 2019

We determined a small parameter that determines the possibility of using the n-vicinity 06_method to calculate the free energy of a spin system, and found the types of spin systems for which this method is applicable. It is shown that this method is applicable for the analysis of spin systems, where the number of nearest neighbors is greater than 16/3.
The influence of cavitation and the degree of overlap of the flow of cylindrical flow bodies on the flow pattern, hydrodynamic and spectral characteristics of a flat-type hydrodynamic generator
Authors: Ganiev S. R. , Shmyrkov O. V. , Rudakov V. P.
Published: August 2019

The paper presents the results of studies of flow behind cylindrical flow bodies in a flat-flow hydrodynamic generator, obtained on the hydrodynamic bench of the experimental base of the National Scientific Center NBMT RAS with the degree of flow blocking by flow bodies St/S0 = 10-80%, Re numbers (0,5-5) · 105, PVH inlet pressure = 0,1-0,8 MPa. It was found that with the same pressure drop two different types of flow can be realized behind the flow bodies: with a developed cavitation zone, within which there is an extensive low pressure area and without it, but with the formation of vortex structures with the presence of centers of cavitation bubbles in them. At a certain value of input to output pressure, which is constant for each value of the degree of overlap of the flow, powerful pressure peaks of the resonant type arise with an amplitude of 2-2,5 times the maximum value of the input pressure. The frequency of occurrence of these pressure peaks increases linearly with increasing pressure drop, and decreases by an order of magnitude with an increase in the degree of overlap of flow up to 80%. The frequency dependence of the number Re for each value of St/S0 is linear. The value of the Strouhal number St with an increase in St/S0 increases linearly with St/S0 = 0,82 and the value St = 1,2.
Optimal disturbances of stably stratified turbulent Couette flow
Authors: Glazunov A. V. , Zasko G. V. , Mortikov E. V. , Nechepurenko Y. M.
Published: August 2019

Direct numerical simulation data of a stably stratified turbulent Couette flow contains two types of organized structures: the rolls that arise at neutral and close to neutral stratification, and the layered structures, which manifest themselves as the static stability increases. It is shown that both types of structures have spatial scales and forms that coincide with the scales and forms of the corresponding optimal disturbances of the simplified linear model of the Couette flow with the same Richardson numbers.
A new approach to the synthesis of thiacrowns on a thiacalix[4]arene scaffold
Authors: Muravev A. A. , Yakupov A. T. , Solovieva S. E. , Antipin I. S.
Published: August 2019

A new strategy of synthesis of thiacalix[4]monothiacrown-ethers in 1,3-alternate stereoisomeric form has been suggested and implemented through macrocylization of the lower rim of 3-bromopropoxy-substituted thiacalixarene by dithiols.
Catalytic isomerization of substituted vinylcyclopropanes
Authors: Raskil’dina G. Z. , Borisova Yu. G. , Davletshin A. R. , Zlotsky S. S.
Published: August 2019

The catalytic isomerization of substituted vinyl-gem-dichlorocyclopropanes was studied in the presence of a series of zeolite catalysts. It is shown that the only reaction products are substituted gem-dichlorocyclopentenes. The influence of a number of factors (type of catalyst, temperature, reaction time) on the yield of isomerization products was investigated.
Mineral-polymer composites based on hydroxyapatite with polyvynylpyrrolidon for medicine
Authors: Fadeeva I. V. , Grabovenko F. I. , Fomin A. S. , Barinov S. M. , Murzakhanov F. F. , Ahmed A. I. , Mamin G. V.
Published: August 2019

Composites of hydroxyapatite (HA) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were synthesized by precipitation in water solutions, mass relations of HA/PVP varied in region 3,6-14,5. The composite materials were investigated using XRD, IR, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on the TEM results it was found that during calcination of composites at 400 °C small agglomerates consisting of individual crystalline HA particles were formed, resulting in a particle size (according to TEM) slightly larger than coherent scattering region. Using the method of photoinduced EPR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of interaction between HA and PVP. The resulting composites can be used as materials for reconstructive surgery.
Inhibition of oxidated reducing reactions in the field of low frequency impacts
Authors: Fadeev G. N. , Boldyrev V. S. , Bogatov N. A. , Nikolaev A. L.
Published: August 2019

The effect of low-frequency oscillations on a system consisting of two biochemically active components: the dye of methylene blue and ascorbic acid is investigated. Each of these components can be reversibly oxidized and reduced. The system is interesting in that it makes it possible to trace the influence of the low-frequency acoustic field on the mutual redox process and to reveal the features of the effect of such oscillations. It was found that, in this system, with the introduction of low-frequency effects, redox processes are not accelerated, but slowed down. There is an effect inhibition of the sound-chemical process in the field of low-frequency acoustic effects. The effect is quantified.
Late stages in the evolution of the late Mesozoic East Mongolian volcanic areal: rock age and composition
Authors: Yarmolyuk V. V. , Kudryashova E. A. , Kozlovsky A. M.
Published: August 2019

The Mandakh-Madal-Gobi (MMG) zone of alkali basalt magmatism has been delineated in the Late Mesozoic East Mongolian volcanic areal. It comprises clusters of igneous rock bodies and isolated stocks, domes, sills, laccoliths, dikes, and limited fragments of lava flows composed of tephrite, phono-tephrite, and trachybasalt. Two pulses of magmatism in the MMG zone have occurred in the Late Cretaceous (about 85 Ma) and Early Cenozoic (about 50 Ma). Recognition of this zone and deciphering of its formation history demonstrated that the development of the entire East Mongolian volcanic areal had the same regularities as those identified in other major regions of the Late Mesozoic Central Asia magmatic province. This indicates that the areal undoubtedly belongs to the latter. These facts support the conclusion that the correlation observed through the zone’s evolution between reduction in the volume of igneous products and the change in their composition towards the OIB was apparently determined by a decrease in the effect of thermal sublithospheric mantle melts upon a metasomatically enriched lithospheric mantle, leading to its gradual elimination from the magma sources.
Variations of the parameters of internal gravity waves in the atmosphere of Central Asia before earthquakes
Authors: Adushkin V. V. , Nifadiev V. I. , Chen B. B. , Popel S. I. , Kogai G. A. , Dubinskii A. Yu. , Weidler P. G.
Published: August 2019

Based on the data of experimental studies of wave disturbances in the Earth’s atmosphere before and after the earthquakes in Uzbekistan (May 26, 2013) and Kyrgyzstan (January 8, 2007), earlier unknown changes in the parameters of internal gravity waves are revealed. These changes were manifested during the period of five days before the earthquake and in certain cases can be used for short-term prediction of the time when seismic events are to occur.
Structure of the Khatanga-Lomonosov fracture zone according to seismic data
Authors: Shipilov E. V. , Lobkovsky L. I. , Shkarubo S. I.
Published: August 2019

According to the results of geophysical data interpretation considered the structural features of the Khatanga-Lomonosov fracture zones (HLZ), adapted to the strip joint part on the Laptev Sea continental margin with the structures of the spreading of the Eurasian basin and the Lomonosov ridge. Its reflection in anomalous geophysical fields, in a wave seismic picture on sections is shown on the example of separate links of HLZ and the character of its kinematic interrelations with heterogeneous tectonic elements is illustrated. The tectonic nature, role and place of this fault zone in the geodynamic evolution of the region are substantiated.
Estimation of the thermodynamic parameters of land cover from multispectral measurements of reflected solar radiation (Landsat) in terms of nonextensive statistical mechanics
Authors: Puzachenko Yu. G. , Krenke A. N. , Puzachenko M. Yu. , Sandlerskii R. B. , Shironya I. I.
Published: August 2019

The use of the apparatus of nonadditive statistical mechanics for the evaluation of thermodynamic ecosystem variables based on multispectral measurements of reflected solar radiation is discussed. The parameter q is accepted corresponding to the conditions of the Förster’s maximum of organization. On the basis of remote information (Landsat) the entropy, Kullback information, Förster measure of organization, free energy, exergy, bound and internal energy, energy costs for evapotranspiration and photosynthesis for q-index values measured for each pixel of remote sensing scenes. It is shown that the seasonal dynamics of the q-index and the organization measures fully correspond to consequences that follow from the theory of open nonequilibrium systems, and thermodynamic variables reflect well the current state of ecosystems.
Results of cryotrasologic indication of paleosols encountered to the north of the European and West-Siberian Loess belt
Authors: Sheinkman V. S. , Melnikov V. P. , Sedov S. N. , Rusakov A. V.
Published: August 2019

Rock freezing affects the soil complexes under maximal temperature gradients and forms a set of specific cryotrasological features in the solid soil matrix. When preserved these features serve as direct or indirect indicators of the past cryogenic conditions. Transformation of soil material on macro- and microscale belongs to the direct indicators whereas gleying in the well-drained positions, conditioned by the permafrost waterlogging is an indirect indicator. A variety of these features observed in the paleosols to the north of the European and West Siberian Loess belt was used by the authors to reconstruct the cryogenic environments of the late Pleistocene.
On deep-water reception of pseudorandom acoustical signals propagating from the shelf zone to the deep ocean
Authors: Akulichev V. A. , Morgunov Yu. N. , Golov A. A. , Kamenev S. I. , Petrov P. S.
Published: August 2019

The results of an experiment conducted in September 2017 to substantiate the applicability of the “acoustic mudslide” effect when solving the positioning problems of autonomous underwater vehicles in cases of their operation at depths substantially exceeding the depth of the axis of the underwater sound channel are discussed. The results of the experimental studies and numerical analysis of the effect of an acoustic energy focusing in the near-bottom layer of the shelf and its transition into deep-water (up to 500 m) layers of the Sea of Japan for summer-autumn hydrological conditions are presented. Mathematical modelling of the propagation of acoustic waves in a model waveguide reproducing the experimental conditions using the parabolic equation method has been performed. The observed effective signal propagation speeds are explained using the normal wave method.
Fifty years of the Korzhinskii institute of experimental mineralogy, Russian academy of sciences
Authors: Safonov O. G.
Published: August 2019

A speical issue of Petrology journal dedicated to the 50th anniversary of Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences is presented. This special issue includes brief review of the latest scientific papers of the researchers of the Institute.
Experimental study of amphibole crystallization from the highly magnesian melt of Shiveluch volcano
Authors: Simakin A. G. , Devyatova V. N. , Salova T. P. , Shaposhnikova O. Yu.
Published: August 2019

The paper reports results of an experimental study of amphibole crystallization from the highly magnesian andesite melt of Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka. The experiments were carried out in IHPV at 300 MPa and 940–980°С in iron-saturated platinum capsules, using rapid quenching and temperature oscillations (in some experiments). The redox state of iron in the system was measured before and after the experiments using Mössbauer spectroscopy. The maximum size of the experimental amphibole crystals (up to 200 μm) was close to those of natural amphibole phenocrysts in the volcanic rocks of Shiveluch volcano. The experimental data show that the content of octahedrally coordinated Al (Al6) in the amphibole considerably varies with small variations in the intensive parameters (P, T, and fO2) and composition of the melt, and the maximum Al6 concentration can be evaluated only by using a reasonably large dataset of amphibole analyses. A modified 13eCNK method is suggested to calculate the values of Al6 and Fe3+/Fe2+ with regard for the Ti concentration and the probable partial transfer of Mg into site B in high-Mg amphibole. Calculations with this modified technique yield lower Fe3+/Fe2+ and higher Al6 values. Our experimental data show that the temperature of amphibole liquidus crystallization decreases from about 990 to 960°C when the oxygen fugacity drops from NNO + 1.5 to NNO + 0.4. In view of this, the transition from amphibole-bearing to anhydrous mineral assemblage in the magmas of Shiveluch volcano might have been caused by variations of the oxygen fugacity but not water. The application of our geobarometer to amphiboles from Shiveluch volcano (extrusions Krasnaya and Karan) yields the highest pressure estimate of above 1 GPa, corresponding to the P-T conditions of the melting of garnet-bearing amphibolite in the lower crust.
Subduction sediment-lherzolite interaction at 2.9 GPa: effects of metasomatism and partial melting
Authors: Perchuk A. L. , Serdyuk A A. , Zinovievа N. G.
Published: August 2019

We present the results of analogue experiments carried out in a piston–cylinder apparatus at 750–900°C and 2.9 GPa aimed to simulate metasomatic transformation of the fertile mantle caused by fluids and melts released from the subducting sediment. A synthetic H2O- and CO2-bearing mixture that corresponds to the average subducting sediment (GLOSS, Plank, Langmuir, 1998) and mineral fractions of natural lherzolite (analogue of a mantle wedge) were used as starting materials. Experiments demonstrate that the mineral growth in capsules is controlled by ascending fluid and hydrous melt (from 850°C) flows. Migration of the liquids and dissolved components develops three horizontal zones in the sedimentary layer with different mineral parageneses that slightly changed from run to run. In the general case, however, the contents of omphacite and garnet increase towards the upper boundary of the layer. Magnesite and omphacite (± garnet ± melt ± kyanite ± phengite) are widespread in the central zone of the sedimentary layer, whereas SiO2 polymorph (± kyanite ± phengite ± biotite ± omphacite ± melt) occurs in the lower zone. Clinopyroxene disappears at the base of lherzolite layer and the initial olivine is partially replaced by orthopyroxene (± magnesite) in all experiments. In addition, talc is formed in this zone at 750°C, whereas melt appears at 850°C. In the remaining volume of the lherzolite layer, metasomatic transformations affect only grain boundaries where orthopyroxene (± melt ± carbonate) is developed. The described transformations are mainly related to a pervasive flow of liquids. Mineral growth in the narrow wall sides of the capsules is probably caused by a focused flow: omphacite grows up in the sedimentary layer, and talc or omphacite with the melt grow up in the lherzolite layer. Experiments show that metasomatism of peridotite related to a subducting sediment, unlike the metasomatism related to metabasites, does not lead to the formation of garnet-bearing paragenesis. In addition, uprising liquid flows (fluid, melt) do not remove significant amounts of carbon from the metasedimentary layer to the peridotite layer. It is assumed that either more powerful fluxes of aqueous fluid or migration of carbonate-bearing rocks in subduction melanges are necessary for more efficient transfer of crustal carbon from metasediments to a mantle in subduction zones.
Mineral indicators of reactions involving fluid salt components in the deep lithosphere
Authors: Safonov O. G. , Butvina V. G. , Limanov E. V. , Kosova S. A.
Published: August 2019

The salt components of H2O and H2O–CO2 fluids are very important agents of metasomatism and partial melting of crustal and mantle rocks. The paper presents examples and synthesized data on mineral associations in granulite- and amphibolite-facies rocks of various composition in the middle and lower crust and in upper-mantle eclogites and peridotites that provide evidence of reactions involving salt components of fluids. These data are analyzed together with results of model experiments that reproduce some of these associations and make it possible to more accurately determine their crystallization parameters.
Granitization and high-temperature metasomatism in mafic rocks: comparison of experimental and natural data
Authors: Khodorevskaya L. I.
Published: August 2019

The paper reports newly obtained data that append older results of experimental modeling of granitization processes. The experiments were aimed at modeling high-temperature metasomatism of mafic rocks, a process that involves the transfer of major components at 750°C and 500 MPa at a pressure gradient. The source of the transported Si, Ca, and Mg in the experiments was garnet. The solution was pure H2O and 25 wt % NaCl aqueous solution. In the experiments, garnet was decomposed into pyroxenes, amphiboles, plagioclase, and minor amounts of melt, ilmenite, and iron oxides. The associated partial dissolution led to the transfer and redeposition of the dissolved components on the surface of a gabbroanorthosite underlay and to the development of mineral rims, which were analogous to those produced at garnet decomposition. The compositions of the newly formed minerals in the rims were identical to those produced at metamorphism of gabbroanorthosite at Т ≥ 750°C, P > 700 MPa. When the mineral rim was formed, some elements are removed, and this process was controlled by the composition of the fluid phase. The pure H2O fluid removed Fe, Ca, and Mg. The aqueous fluid containing NaCl (XNaCl ≈ 0.1) did not extract Ca from minerals. This indicates that no high NaCl concentrations are typical of fluid in processes that form basificates at granitization. The experiments have shown that H2O and H2O-NaCl fluids remove more Fe that other elements. Preferable Fe extraction from naturally occurring associations is evident from the elevated Fe mole fractions of the mafic minerals and from the fact that the basificates typically contain magnetite and hematite.
Liquid immiscibility and problems of ore genesis (according to experimental data)
Authors: Shapovalov Yu. B. , Kotelnikov A. R. , Suk I. N. , Korzhinskaya V. S. , Kotelnikova Z. A.
Published: August 2019

The results of an experimental study of phase relations and distribution of elements in silicate melt–salt systems (carbonate, phosphate, fluoride, chloride) melt, silicate melt I–silicate melt II, and also in fluid – magmatic systems in the presence of alkali metal fluorides are presented. Salt extraction of a number of ore elements (Y, REE, Sr, Ba, Ti, Nb, Zr, Ta, W, Mo, Pb) was studied in liquid immiscibility processes in a wide temperature range of 800–1250°С and pressure of 1–5.5 kbar. It is shown that the partition coefficients are sufficient for the concentration of ore elements in the quantity necessary for the genesis of ore deposits. In the fluid-saturated melt of trachyrhyolite, the separation into two silicate liquids has been determined. The partition coefficients of a number of elements (Sr, La, Nb, Fe, Cr, Mo, K, Rb, Cs) between phases L1 and L2 has been obtained. The interaction processes of a heterophase fluid in the granite (quartz)–ore mineral–heterophase fluid (Li, Na, K-fluoride) system were studied at 650–850°C and P = 1 kbar. The formation of the phase of a highly alkaline fluid–saturated silicate melt – Ta and Nb concentrator is shown as a result of the reaction of the fluid with the rock and ore minerals.
A language for Guinness World Records: Fifteen (or more?) reflexive pronouns in Khwarshi
Authors: Testelets Ya.G.
Published: August 2019

The paper outlines the unprecedentedly rich system of simple (one-word), double and triple reflexive pronouns in the Khwarshi language of the East Caucasian (or Nakh-Dagestanian) language family. The pronouns are formed on the base of a pronominal stem, sometimes with the intensifier particle. The reflexive pronouns show little difference in their distribution: they are all local and apparently lack orientation motivated by syntactic asymmetries.
El estudio de pertinencia en la acreditación de las carreras administrativas en las instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Lovato Torres Sofía Georgina , Mite Albán María Teresa
Published: August 2019

La pertinencia de la oferta profesional en las instituciones de Educación Superior en Ecuador es un pilar fundamental para el desarrollo económico del país. La Universidad de Guayaquil ha cambiado en respuesta a la demanda laboral, entorno nacional, social  y global, medir la gestión de calidad y realizar análisis de pertinencia que contribuye al desarrollo económico. El presente trabajo de investigación es de enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, se trata de analizar como el estudio de Pertinencia incide en la Acreditación de las Carreras  Administrativas, Universidad de Guayaquil, este estudio es producto del trabajo en equipo realizado por el personal de Gestores Académicos de cada una de las carreras de la FCA, con el objetivo de obtener información que permita describir la Pertinencia de las carreras de la facultad relacionadas con las preferencias de los estudiantes de Bachillerato, la situación laboral de los graduados y egresados así como la demanda de los empleadores con respecto a los estudiantes, enmarcados en la zonas de planificación 5 y 8 del Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir (PNBV).  Con este estudio se obtuvo información relevante de varios elementos que comprenden el estudio de Demanda actual aplicado a Bachilleres y el estudio de Empleabilidad debido a que los resultados del análisis están guiados a orientar  las decisiones relacionadas al rediseño, aplicación y mejoramiento de la oferta académica de las Carreras Administrativas, generando una sociedad del conocimiento emprendedora y líder, integrando los ejes sustantivos con una oferta profesional capaz de contribuir en los planes estratégico del Ecuador.
Nuevo modelo para la gestión del talento humano
Authors: Moreno Rodríguez Cristian , Sánchez León Lizbeth Karen
Published: August 2019

En este artículo se presentan y analizan los aspectos básicos para la gestión del talento humano en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje universitarios. Estos aspectos se integran en el denominado “Modelo interactivo con base en un material curricular dialogante”, que tiene su fundamento en los siguientes presupuestos esenciales: a) una determinada concepción del ser humano (variable antropológica); b) la presencia, o su desarrollo, en el estudiante de unos factores que favorecen la actividad cognitiva (dimensión psicológica); c) la aceptación y vivencia (puesta en práctica) por el discente de unos compromisos con el estudio (dimensión actitudinal); d) la formación del profesorado en determinadas competencias (sustrato pedagógico); y e) existencia de un material curricular dialogante (perspectiva de metodología didáctica). El marco de la sociedad del conocimiento, la diversidad cultural, la creciente complejidad tecnológica, la globalización o la incertidumbre en torno al binomio libertad-seguridad, son variables determinantes de un cambio cultural que cuestiona el funcionamiento, y aun su propia existencia, de numerosas organizaciones. Esta sociedad, en consecuencia, viene demandando una modificación del rol de las instituciones educativas (las universitarias entre ellas) y sus profesores y estudiantes.
ANGKA KEBERHASILAN DAN KOMPLIKASI PCNL PADA PASIEN BATU GINJAL DI RUMAH SAKIT CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO TAHUN 1999 – 2006
Authors: Murti Bimanggono Hernowo , Rasyid Nur
Published: August 2019

Objective: To study the results of renal stones treatment with PCNL in terms of complication and stone free rate in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Material & methods: Retrospective study of renal stone patients who were treated with PCNL at the Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 1st 1999 until May 31st 2006. Results: There were 213 patients between 8 until 80 years old done for various stone localizations in the kidney. The overall stone free rate was 74,2%. The complication rate was 10,8%, bleeding in 15 patients (7,1%), leakage in 5 patients (2,3%), and colon perforation in 3 patients (1,4%). There was no artery + vena renalis perforation, urosepsis, hydro/pneumothorax or mortality in this group. Results are similar with experience in the literature. Conclusion: PCNL is a safe procedure for renal stones removal. It gives satisfactory results as well as a low complication rate, but if complications occur the morbidity can be severe. Hence, this procedure has to be done very meticulously.
LITOTRIPSI LASER HOLMIUM YAG UNTUK TERAPI BATU URETER
Authors: Adi Kuncoro , Safriadi Ferry , Sugandi Suwandi , Haroen Zulhardi , Noegroho Bambang S , Tjahjodjati Tjahjodjati
Published: August 2019

Objective: To assess the efficacy of pulsed holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for ureteral stone therapy. Material and method: Ninety-one patients (70 males and 21 females) with age range 20 – 76 years underwent 93 ureteroscopic procedures for 101 ureteral stones. A preoperative diagnosis was established by ultrasound scanning and intravenous urography. An 8 F rigid Karl-Storz ureteroscope was used for a holmium:YAG laser (OmniPulse MaxTM 80 watt Holmium Laser System Model 1210-VHP, Trimedyne,Inc. Irvine CA, USA) as energy source for laser lithotripsy. The stone localization was mostly at the lower third of the ureter. The mean stone size was 9,6 mm, mean duration of procedure was 48,1 minutes, and the mean hospital stay was 2,1 days. Results: The overall stone clearance rate was 95,6% with the best results for stones in the middle third of the ureter (100%). At follow up we noted two patients with residual stones and two patients with a perforation of the ureteral wall. Conclusion: The Holmium:YAG laser is effective for ureteral stone treatment with a high success rate. Special attention and care should be afforded in impacted ureteral stones.
PERBEDAAN KADAR PSA DAN TGF-β1 TERHADAP PEMBERIAN KOMBINASI INHIBITOR 5α-REDUKTASE (DUTASTERIDE) DAN ANTI ESTROGEN (TAMOXIFEN) PADA PASIEN BPH LUTS
Authors: Prasetyo Rachmat Budi , Soetojo Soetojo , Soebadi Doddy M
Published: August 2019

Objective: To compare the PSA and TGF-β1 plasma level before and after administration of a 5α-reductase inhibitor (dutasteride) and an anti estrogen (tamoxifen) in nonobstructive patients with BPH. Material and Method: We enrolled 40 patients with a diagnosis of BPH without urinary retention. Patients were allocated into 4 groups of 10 patients and were given tamoxifen, dutasteride, a combination of tamoxifen and dutasteride, or placebo. We measured PSA and TGF-β1 plasma levels at study entry and 3 months after administration. Data were analysed using SPSS 12. Results: Increase of TGF-β1, as high as 54% (2,18 ± 0,88 to 3,36 ± 1,06) in the tamoxifen group, 26% (2,75 ± 0,62 to 3,47 ± 0,82) in the dutasteride group, and 92% (2,37 ± 0,75 to 4,56 ± 1,98) in the combination group, was significant (p < 0,05). PSA was not significantly decreased in all groups (p > 0,05). PSA decreased 28% (4,25 ± 3,28 to 3,06 ± 3,08) in the tamoxifen group, 27% (2,20 ± 2,17 to 1,60 ± 0, 982) in the dutasteride group, and 19% (2,95 ± 1,22 to 2,40 ± 1,78) in the combination group. In the placebo group was no significant difference of both parameters. Conclusion: TGF-β1 was significantly increased in all groups except in placebo. PSA was decreased in all groups but not significant statistically. We concluded that TGF-β1 may better be used as a biomarker in the evaluation and management of BPH than PSA.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KONTRAS MEDIA NON IONIK LOW OSMOLAR INTRA VENA TERHADAP KADAR CYSTATIN–C SERUM PADA ORYCTALAGUS CUNICULUS
Authors: Bintoro Ariyo Sakso , Soetojo Soetojo , Soebadi Doddy M
Published: August 2019

Objective: To measure effects of low osmolar non ionic contrast media on cystatin–C serum levels on different days after administration. Material and Method: Twenty-two oryctalagus cuniculus were divided into two groups of 11 subjects, each subject receiving intravenous injection of low osmolar non ionic contrast or a placebo solution (NaCl 0,9%). Cystatin-C serum levels of each subject were measured before injection, on days 1, 3, 7, and 10. Cystatin–C serum levels were determined with a sandwich ELISA method. Statistical analysis was performed with t–test. Results: Mean cystatin–C serum levels before injection was 0,00337 ± 0,00101 mg/L. Means from days 1, 3, 7, and 10 after injections were 0,00498 ± 0,00153 mg/L; 0,00565 ± 0,00247 mg/L; 0,00468 ± 0,00157, and 0,00339 ± 0,00188 mg/L respectively. Conclusion: Increase in serum cystatin–C levels on days 1, 3, and 7 was significant. On the 10th day no significant escalation was observed. Compared to the control group, there were significant differences in serum cystatin–C increase on days 1 and 3 in the intervention group, but no significant differences 7 and 10 days after injection.
HUBUNGAN TGF-β1 DAN ESTROGEN DENGAN VOLUME PROSTAT PADA PASIEN BPH, PASIEN TUA NON BPH, DAN PASIEN MUDA
Authors: Soebhali Boyke , Soetojo Soetojo , Soebadi Doddy M , Hendromartono Hendromartono , P Widodo J
Published: August 2019

Objective: To determine the correlation of TGF-b1 and estrogen with prostate volume in BPH patients, old patients without BPH and young patients. Materials and methods: We enrolled 30 patients and allocated them into three groups. First group consists of BPH patients, second group consists of old male patients with more than 55 years of age, and third group consists of young male patients with less than 40 years of age. We analyzed the level of TGF-b1 and estrogen in these patients. Transrectal USG was used to measure the prostate volume. We analyzed the correlations of TGF-b1 and estrogen level with prostate volume. Results: We found a positive strong correlation between estrogen and prostate volume in the BPH patient group (p=0,021; r coeff=0,786). Other group showed no significant correlations. Conclusion: Estrogen plays an important role in BPH pathophysiology. Further research on the influence of estrogen in BPH patients is recommended.