bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges of Emergency Management in Nigeria: A Case Study of Federal Capital Territory (FCT) (FEMA)
Authors: E. D. Oruonye , Anikemuah Dimas , Y. M. Ahmed
Published: July 2021

The study examined the challenges of emergency management and response in Nigeria; a case study of FCT Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), FCT Nigeria. The study assesses the nature and trend of disasters and emergency situations prevalent in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), the effectiveness of FEMA’s response to emergency situations in the FCT, and highlights the challenges of the Federal Environmental Management Agency of FCT. Both primary and secondary methods of data collection were used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that road crashes and flooding are the highest emergency situations recorded in the area. The trend shows that in 2014, 40 emergency situations were recorded, 26 in 2016, and 49 the highest in 2019. In terms of the effectiveness of FEMA’s response to emergencies, the study findings revealed that from 2014 to 2019, 215 emergency situations were recorded, 740 lives were saved as a result of FEMA’s response time of 3 to 15 minutes. The study also revealed that FCT FEMA synergies with other emergency stakeholders in emergency management and response. Training of staffs was periodically carried out to improve productivity and level of alertness of the staff. Some of the humanitarian services of FCT FEMA include the distribution of relief materials and school enrolment for internally displaced persons (IDPs). These notwithstanding, the activities of the agency have been constrained by inadequate funding, poor logistics, wrong address from callers, lack of proper maintenance of infrastructure and equipment, improper vulnerability assessment, and inadequate and ineffective legal and regulatory framework. Based on the findings, the study recommends adequate funding, use of other means of transportation, public enlightenment, and increase synergies among emergency management stakeholders.
Effect of Community Health Support Systems and Technology Obsolescence on Utilization of mHealth Information by Teenagers Living with HIV/AIDS in Island Communities of Lake Victoria, Kenya
Authors: Philip Bill Okaka Olan’g Alfred , Ondieki - Mwaura Florence , Sakwa Maurice
Published: July 2021

The emergence of mHealth as an alternative access point for care and treatment is lauded by development agencies as ingenious innovation for bridging health care access for teenagers living with HIV/AIDS among detached communities like the islands of Lake Victoria. It is also presumed that mHealth transcends beyond teenagers’ concerns with location and unfriendly hours of operation of health facilities. mHealth is alleged to increase privacy and confidentiality, reduce the cost of service delivery, and loops over retrogressive cultural beliefs and attitudes exhibited by health care providers and caregivers, consequently increasing access to health information, care, and treatment. Specifically, the study sought to determine the technology obsolescence and explore community-based health support systems that facilitate suitable utilization of mHealth by teenagers living with HIV from the island communities of Lake Victoria and its effect on treatment access. To support this study, two philosophies: The theory of Reasoned Action and the Technology Adoption Lifecycle Model were applied. Anchored on cross-sectional study design, stratified sampling identified the psychosocial support groups of teenagers living with HIV. The probit model was applied to the study. With a study population of approximately 409 in Ringiti, Remba, Rusinga, Mfangano, and Mageta Islands, questionnaires were administered to 173 sampled teenagers living with HIV as a unit of analysis, and a control group made up of 30 percent of the sample ascertained effect of mHealth on treatment access. Five focus group discussions and key informant interviews of 10 and 3 were held on each Island. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Further, the results showed that technology obsolescence and community-based health support systems had a significant effect on access to treatment by teenagers living with HIV/AIDS in the Island communities of Lake Victoria. Consequently, this study provides organizations promoting access to access to treatment by teenagers living with HIV/AIDS through mHealth. The study recommended that government and organizations involved in HIV/AIDS related activities should adopt a culture of enhancing mHealth by focusing on technology obsolescence and community-based health support systems. This could go a long way in ensuring there is improved access to treatment by teenagers living with HIV/AIDS in Island communities of Lake Victoria.
A Seminar Paper on the Review of Five well-known Medicinal Plants Used in Ethiopia
Authors: Melkamu Bulcha Gadissa
Published: July 2021

The indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants appeared when humans started and learned how to use the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. The various literature available shows the significant role of medicinal plants in primary health care delivery in Ethiopia (about 70% of humans and 90% of livestock population) depend on traditional plant medicine. This is similar to many developing countries, particularly with those countries in Sub-saharan Africa. Medicinal plants provide a vital contribution to human and livestock health care. This seminar review was an attempt to present five medicinal plants (citrus lemon, caricapapaya, Moringa stenopetala, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale).
Diagnostics of complicated course of community-acquired pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19) via using chest computed tomography
Authors: Lynnyk М.І. , Іgnatieva V.І. , Gumeniuk G.L. , Svyatnenko V.А. , Tarasenko O.R. , Bororova O.L.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND. To date, radiological criteria for the diagnosis of viral pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 have been established, and treatment regimens for patients depending on the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been developed for both outpatient and inpatient settings. Many patients, regardless of the form and severity of the coronavirus infection, suffer from a range of symptoms for weeks or even months that reduce their quality of life. Therefore, the diagnostics of complicated course of community-acquired pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19) via using computed tomography (CT) of the chest becomes relevant.

OBJECT. To diagnose a complicated course of community-acquired pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19) according to CT of the chest.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A group of patients referred for treatment to the National Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology named after F.G. Yanovsky of the NAMS of Ukraine with complications of pneumonia from other medical institutions where they were treated for community-acquired pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19) 2-3 months ago. Chest CT of 20 patients (12 men and 8 women aged from 24 to 66 years) were analyzed. All patients complained of shortness of breath, cough, lack of significant improvement in general condition after discharge from the hospital.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Typical complications of community-acquired pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19) were determined by CT: 10 % of patients showed gradual progression of viral pneumonia (numerous opacities were identified as “ground glass”, consolidation and the “crazy paving” symptom); 15 % – signs of thrombosis of the pulmonary arteries branches; 25 % – exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with preservation of signs of bilateral polysegmental viral pneumonia; 20 % – exacerbation of asthma with signs of bilateral polysegmental viral pneumonia in the regression phase; 30 % – bullous pulmonary emphysema (“vanishing lung syndrome”).

CONCLUSIONS. Typical complications of pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19) indicate that the inflammatory process does not end after inpatient treatment and the presence of a negative PCR test, and patients need further careful monitoring and correction of treatment. CT is an objective and most informative diagnostic method of complicated community-acquired pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19).
Standardized protocol for ultrasound diagnosis of the lungs with COVID-19
Authors: Safonova O.M. , Dynnyk O.B. , Gumeniuk G.L. , Lukiianchuk V.A. , Linska H.V. , Brovchenko M.S. , Panasiuk V.V. , Soliaryk S.O.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND. The era of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) set the such task for lung ultrasound (LUS): to identify the presence of COVID-pneumonia, its differential diagnosis with other conditions which characterized by interstitial edema, determining the severity of lung damage and its location, the dynamics of pulmonary changes tissue, the development of complications, as well as to assess the effectiveness of personalized therapy.

OBJECTIVE. To develop a national LUS protocol for COVID-19 based on a balance of completeness of information with the optimal minimum of time and effort for medical staff, who often do not specialize in ultrasound using, with ultrasound equipment of basic and middle classes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 1576 patients with COVID-19 were examined. There were 810 women (51.4 %) and 766 men (48.6 %). The age of the examined patients was in the range of 18-83 years, the average age was 52.3±14.6 years. 4710 LUS were performed, of which 1572 were repeated and 3144 – in the dynamics. Polysystemic ultrasound was performed in 275 patients. Ultrasound devices of both domestic and foreign production were used: Soneus P7 (Ultrasine, Ukraine), HandyUsound (Ukraine), Xario, USAP-770A (Toshiba, Japan), GE Venue (General Electric, USA) and TE7 COVID (Mindray, China) with ultrasound probes of convex, linear and microconvex formats.

RESULTS. Summarizing our own experience with patients with COVID-19 in 2020-2021, we have developed a version of the LUS-protocol, which has a convenient form of recording all stages of ultrasound with maximum coverage of the entire volume of both lungs according to a clear algorithm, a graphical form, clear ultrasound semiotics and diagnostic scoring criteria for the severity of lung damage.

CONCLUSIONS. 1. Clinical data indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of using LUS for dynamic monitoring of patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, especially in oxygen-dependent patients at their bedside (POCUS principle). 2. Optimization of the use of radiological diagnostic methods due to ultrasound makes it possible to reduce the radiation dose of the patient.3. The use of LUS allows more adequate decision-making on the need for intensive and interventional therapy, leads to faster diagnosis, improved medical care, reduced length of stay of patients in ICU, as well as reducing the total cost of treatment.4. Ability to reduce the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on healthcare professionals by limiting physical contact with the patient. 5. The standardized Ukrainian protocol of LUS provides availability, efficiency and clear interpretation of the received data at its use by different doctors in different medical institutions. The integration of the protocol in to the ultrasound machine provides optimization of the workflow process.
Mô hình phân tích kết hợp chuyển đổi bước sóng và FDL tại nút lõi mạng OBS với lưu lượng tổng quát GI
Authors: Chương Đặng Thanh
Published: July 2021

Optical Burst Switching networks are considered as an important candidate for the future transport networks. Many analysis models of OBS node with wavelength conversion and FDLs have been proposed recently.  In this paper, we propose an approximate analytic model at OBS core node architecture SPL – FF (Share-Per-Link - Feed-Forward) for generally distributed arrivals (GI), including Poisson flow, speciﬁcally treating IPP distributed interarrival times. Blocking probability will be calculated based on Markov multi-dimensional models and approximation model. Numerical solution values from the proposed analysis method are compared with simulation, as well as between these models.
Thuật toán PSO cải tiến trong cung cấp tài nguyên cho dịch vụ ảo hóa dựa trên nền tảng máy chủ chia sẻ không đồng nhất
Authors: Nhựt Phạm Nguyễn Minh , Sơn Lê Văn , Hùng Hoàng Bảo
Published: July 2021

Providing resource for virtual services in cloud computing which requires saving the resource and minimizing the amount of energy consumption is critical. In this study, we propose the resource model and linear programming formulation for multi-dimensional resource allocation problem. Based on the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, RA-PSO algorithm was designed to solve and evaluate through CloudSim simulation tool compared with FirstFit Decreasing (FFD) algorithm. The parameters include the number of physical machines being used and the amount of energy consumption. The experimental results show that the proposed RA-PSO algorithm yields a better performance than FFD algorithm.
LENT score in prognostic assessment of malignant pleural effusion – the impact of target therapy
Authors:   Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Sousa Sofia , Caldeira João ,   Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Figueiredo Ana ,   Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Barata Fernando ,   Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common manifestation in patients with advanced lung cancer. The LENT score was developed as a risk stratification system to predict the survival of these patients. However, following the discovery of molecular markers and a new era of personalized therapy, prognostic estimation became a challenging exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of LENT score in predicting MPE survival in EGFR and ALK mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: A retrospective single-center study of patients with MPE from lung adenocarcinoma followed between January 2008 to December 2018. Results: Forty-two patients were included in the study (mean age 76.4 ± 12.6 years, 52% female). Of these patients, 29% exhibited EGFR gene mutation or ALK gene translocation and received tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy (TKI), in contrast to 71% of patients without identification of mutational factors and receiving conventional chemotherapy. Based on LENT score, in the sub-group treated with conventional chemotherapy, 67% had a moderate-risk category and 33% a high-risk category, with a median overall survival (OS) of 109 (31-406) and 36 (11-77) days, respectively. In the sub-group treated with targeted therapy, 75% were in a moderate-risk category and 25% in a high-risk category with a median OS of 1033 (245-1710) and 238 (27-not available) days, respectively. Patients receiving targeted therapy had a longer survival than patients receiving conventional chemotherapy in all LENT score risk categories (p<0.05). Conclusions: OS in patients with MPE due to lung adenocarcinoma was similar to that predicted by the LENT score, except for patients with EGFR mutation or ALK translocation. In this subgroup, the LENT score seems to underestimate the prognosis. Although this study has limitations regarding sample size, it does reveal, in the present time, some inaccuracy of the LENT score, demonstrating that it needs to be reviewed and revalidated in view of recent therapeutic advances.
Pesquisa de mutação T790M sequencial e alteração da abordagem terapêutica após 2 linhas de quimioterapia – caso clínico
Authors:   Serviço de Oncologia. Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal, Estevinho Fernanda , Silva Ana ,   Serviço de Radiologia. Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal, Cirnes Luís ,   IPATIMUP – Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto/ I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, Amaro Teresinha ,   Serviço de Anatomia Patológica. Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
Published: July 2021

A mutação do EGFR é identificada em 10 -50% dos doentes com cancro do pulmão de não pequenas células (CPNPC). Após terapêutica de primeira linha com inibidores da tirosinacinase (TKI) de 1.ª ou 2.ª linha, em doentes com CPNPC e mutação sensibilizadora do EGFR, o mecanismo de resistência mais frequente é a aquisição de mutação T790M, em 50 -70%. Apresenta -se o caso clínico de uma mulher com CPNPC, cT2bN1M1b, estadio IV, com metastização cerebral e suprarrenal ao diagnóstico e mutação do EGFR. Realizou radioterapia holocraniana e tratamento com erlotinib. Deteção de mutação T790M após 2 esquemas de quimioterapia, com pesquisas prévias em biópsia líquida e histológica negativas para a pesquisa de mutação T790M. Oito anos após o diagnóstico, está funcionalmente autónoma, assintomática, sob terapêutica com osimertinib. Este caso ilustra a importância do conhecimento do mecanismo de resistência nos doentes com CPNPC e mutações do EGFR, e o papel de biopsias sequenciais.
Smart Farmer Sebagai Optimalisasi Digital Platform Dalam Pemasaran Produk Pertanian Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Sibarani Blasius Erik
Published: July 2021

Pertanian menjadi salah satu sektor yang dapat mendorong kondisi perekonomian bangsa pada masa pandemi covid-19. Akan tetapi, pada masa pandemi covid-19 saat ini masih banyak masyarakat petani yang kekurangan akses untuk melakukan pemasaran produk pertaniannya. Pemasaran menjadi salah satu faktor dalam meningkatkan penjualan para masyarakat petani. Tanpa adanya akses pemasaran yang mudah akan menyebabkan produk petani tidak dikenal oleh masyarakat luas sehingga penjualan para petani tidak meningkat yang akan berdampak pada perekonomian. Tentunya keadaan tersebut sangat perlu diperbaiki, agar produk petani dapat dikenal dan bisa dijual keluar wilayah agar bisa mendorong tingkat perputaran ekonomi di masa pandemi covid-19. Salah satu usaha memperbaikinya yaitu dengan membangun sebuah digital platform yang dapat digunakan oleh petani untuk memasarkan produknya. Adapun manfaat yang diperoleh oleh para petani dan juga para konsumen secara langsung dan tidak langsung, terutama dari semakin luasnya akses pemasaran hasil pertanian dapat meningkatkan permintaan produksi serta mempercepat pengadaan produksi di kalangan petani dan juga harga yang di tawarkan ke konsumen sesuai dengan harga pasar sehingga penjualan hasil pertanian bisa meningkat dan menguntungkan petani. Adapun tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah memberikan gagasan dalam pemasaran produk bagi petani di masa pandemi covid-19 untuk bisa menopang ekonomi bangsa.

Kata Kunci: Covid-19, Digital Platform, Pemasaran, Pertanian
Implementasi Metode QINQ Pada Jaringan Metro Ethernet Untuk Memaksimalkan Penggunaan VLAN Menggunakan Teknologi GPON Studi Kasus : PT. Telkom Indonesia
Authors: Prayoga Pangestu  , Yusuf Raka
Published: July 2021

VLAN adalah salah satu komponen dalam sistem jaringan yang berfungsi sebagai pembagi jaringan , penggunaan VLAN sangat membantu dalam melakukan pemetaan jaringan pada perangkat router atau switch. Penggunaan VLAN menjadi hal yang pasti dalam membangun arsitektur jaringan yang efektif dan fleksibel , tidak terkecuali pada salah satu perusahaan Provider penyedia jasa jaringan seperti PT Telkom Indonesia. Penggunaan VLAN sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku dibatasi dengan spesifikasi 802.1Q yaitu terbatas pada 1- 4096 VLAN ID yang dapat digunakan. Hal ini akan menjadikan masalah ketika ditemukan VLAN ID yang sudah digunakan untuk satu jaringan maka tidak dapat digunakan lagi untuk jaringan lain. Masalah tersebut dapat ditemukan juga pada PT. Telkom Indonesia yang menggunakan GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggannya. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang ditemui , peneliti bermaksud menggunakan metode VLAN QinQ pada Teknologi GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network), untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan keterbatasan VLAN ID yang mungkin ditemui ketika memenuhi kebutuhan dari pelanggan PT. Telkom Indonesia. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan membungkus VLAN ID Pelanggan ke dalam VLAN ID Service menggunakan perangkat GPON OLT dan ONT Huawei.
Pemanfaatan Notifikasi Telegram Untuk Monitoring Perangkat CCTV Rumah Sakit Orthopaedi Purwokerto
Authors: Nalakhudin Khaidir , Imron Mohammad , Wiedanto Prasetyo Muhamad Awiet
Published: July 2021

Keamanan merupakan salah satu faktor terpenting dalam sebuah instusi maupun perusahaan. Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) dapat mempermudah pengamanan, pemantauan, serta akses informasi diarea-area tertentu. Permasalahan yang kerap terjadi adalah kurangnya pengawasan perangkat yang tidak dilakukan selama 24 jam. Pengawasan perangkat CCTV oleh teknisi hanya berjalan selama 14 jam yaitu dari jam 8 pagi sampai 10 malam.yang artinya diluar jam tersebut tidak ada pengawasan perangkat CCTV. Maka dari itu perlu adanya upaya untuk memonitor perangkat CCTV jika terjadi kendala yang menyebabkan perangkat tersebut tidak bekerja secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem monitor perangkat CCTV yang bermasalah dengan memanfaatkan notifikasi Telegram Bot secara real time dan membantu teknisi dalam melakukan proses monitoring dan maintenance perangkat CCTV kemudian secara tidak langsung akan membantu perusahaan dalam mencapai target KPI dan melakukan pengawasan kinerja karyawan. Sistem monitoring perangkat CCTV akan mengirimkan notifikasi via aplikasi Telegram yang berisi informasi nama perangkat, ip address perangkat, status perangkat, dan waktu deteksi perubahan status yang nantinya akan dikirimkan langsung ke teknisi untuk proses troubleshooting lebih lanjut
Assessment of Interactions of Drugs Prescribed for Pediatric Patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Shahela , Yesmine Saquiba , Rahman Mizanur , Shahriar Masum
Published: July 2021

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) represent an important clinical problem. During inpatient admissions, infants, children, and adolescents are typically exposed to different medications, increasing their risk of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs). While drug interactions are reported to be common, there are only few publications of the prevalence of such interactions among pediatric patients in Bangladesh. The present study tries to estimates the prevalence and characteristics of pDDI exposure of pediatric patients treated in children’s hospitals. This observational retrospective study was carried out on 155 patients admitted to a children’s hospital located at Dhaka during January 2019 to August 2019. The medications of the patients were analyzed for pDDIs by using Medscape drug interaction checker. The prescriptions were analyzed for demographic characteristics, medical and detailed drug history. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were evaluated for total numbers, types and severity of DDIs. Total 155 prescriptions with mean age 2.12±2.08 years were analyzed and a total of 25 pDDIs were recorded. The prevalence of pDDI was 17%, of which 12 (48%) were pharmacodynamic interactions, 10 (40%) were pharmacokinetic interactions and 3 (12%) of unknown mechanism. According to the severity of interaction, 4 (18%) cases were categorized as serious, 15 (55%) cases as moderate and 6 (27%) cases as minor. The occurrence of DDIs were significantly associated (r=0.912, p<0.05) with the number of drugs prescribed. The present study has identified pDDIs and also documented interactions in pediatrics patients. It has highlighted the need for screening prescriptions of pediatric patients for pDDIs and proactive monitoring of patients who have identified risk factors in order to promote detection and prevention of possible adverse drug interactions.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 91-98, 2021
Cytotoxicity and Sedative Activity of Steam Bark of Dillenia indica L.
Authors: Akter Mst Jasmin , Ali Sekendar , Hasnin Iffat , Khatune Naznin Ara , Rahman Md Aziz Abdur
Published: July 2021

The study aims to assess the cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extract (CME) and various fractions from the bark of Dillenia indica L (Family: Dilleniaceae) using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and sedative activities using hole cross, open field, and elevated-plus maze (EPM) test in Swiss albino mice. In brine shrimp assay, the LC50 for CME, pet-ether (PETF), chloroform (CHF) and aqueous (AQF) fraction were found to be 110, 24.55, 85 and 14.45 μg/ml, respectively, indicating significant cytotoxicity of PETF and AQF when compared to the standard vincristine sulfate (7.5 μg/ml). In open field test, the number of movements per min (after 120 min) was 40.90, 12.43, 5.45, 3.66, and 29.74 for control, standard diazepam, CME, CHF and AQF, respectively, indicating strong activity of the chloroform soluble fraction compared to the other test samples of D. indica. Similar data was observed in hole cross test where the number of movements per minute after 120 min were 3.60, 5.56, 4.77, and 7.99 for the standard, CME, CHF and AQF, respectively. In EPM test, the CME showed a significant decreased percentage of entries of mice into the open arms of EPM as well as the percentage of time spent in the open arms. The result indicates that the CHF significantly suppressed the locomotor activity than that of methanol and aqueous fractions. These findings will be helpful for bioassay-guided isolation of active principles responsible for cytotoxicity and sedative activities.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 105-110, 2021
Studies of Physico-chemical Properties and Cytotoxicity of Fruits of Syzygium jambos L. against HeLa and Vero Cell Lines
Authors: Nesa Fajilatun , Shoeb Mohammad , Islam Md Mazharul , Islam Md Nazrul
Published: July 2021

Syzygium jambos L. belonging to the family Myrtaceae has a long history of using as a dietary fruit and folklore medicine. Investigation of this fruit was carried out to evaluate the different chemical properties and biological activities. The moisture and ash content of the fruit sample were calculated as 86.88 ± 0.61% and 0.29±0.02%, respectively. Dried powder of the fruit was extracted successively with nhexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH). UV-Visible and FT-IR spectral analyses confirmed the presence of unsaturated carboxylic acid in n-hexane, unsaturated ester in DCM and a diketone in MeOH extracts. Cytotoxicity assay of different extracts was carried out against HeLa and Vero cell lines and no extract was found to be cytotoxic. Total phenolic contents of the n-hexane, DCM and MeOH extracts were 15.39 ± 0.24, 31.32 ± 0.25 and 42.19 ± 0.16 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry extract, respectively and total flavonoid content of n-hexane, DCM and MeOH extracts were 6.52 ± 0.18, 15.55 ± 0.16 and 8.36 ± 0.16 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of dry extract, respectively. This study establishes that S. jambos fruit can be a potential source of natural antioxidants.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 111-116, 2021
Computer-aided Approaches to Support the Ethnopharmacological Importance of Dillenia pentagyna Roxb.: An In silico Study
Authors: Alam Safaet , Emon Nazim Uddin , Hasib Md Sadman , Rashid Mohammad A , Soma Mahfuza Afroz , Saha Tanoy , Haque Mohammad Rashedul
Published: July 2021

Dillenia pentagyna Roxb., a deciduous and medium sized tree, is an ethnobotanically important species of several Asian countries including Bangladesh, Srilanka, and India. Various parts of this endangered tree including leaf, bark, root etc. are used in folkloric medicine systems for a very long time. It is locally used in the treatment of pain, wound healing, diabetes, diarrhea and other disease states. Molecular docking is an important technique to validate the exerted pharmacological actions of a plant or specific phytoconstituents by assessing the binding affinity and interaction pattern between small molecules and particular target receptors. Thus, to justify the notable ethnobotanical importances of D. pentagyna, an in silico study was designed employing selected phytochemicals i.e. isorhamnetin, lupeol, quercetin, kaempferol, and betulin isolated from this plant based on previous literature searches. The molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities (-4.8 to -12.9 kcal/mol) with the respective target proteins: 2OYE, 6COX, 4YK5, 5ZHP, and 1A5H. Besides, in accordance with the Lipinski’s rules, all five selected compounds of D. pentagyna showed promising orally active drug-like characteristics. To recapitulate, the present study has been found parallel with the existing ethnobotanical significance of D. pentagyna as the source of pain, fever, thrombosis, and diarrhea management agent.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 125-132, 2021
Formulation and Evaluation of Fixed-Dose Combination Immediate Release Tablets of Ibuprofen and Famotidine through Quality by Design Approach
Authors: Alam Md Mahbubul , Islam Md Shahidul , Sikdar KM Yasif Kayes , Hossain ASM Monjur Al
Published: July 2021

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently prescribed by the physicians for the management of pain due to their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Long term use of NSAIDs causes gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity and the common GI disorders are indigestion, ulcers or bleeding. Therefore, the production of local oral tablets containing NSAIDs and gastro-protectant is inevitable. In this experiment, combination of ibuprofen 600 mg and famotidine 20 mg tablets were prepared by direct compression technique, which is unique in Bangladesh. To pursue the study Design of Experiments (DoE) approach was implemented to create fifteen trial formulations where Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK30) 1%-3%, Microcrystalline Cellulose (Avicel PH-102) 1%-7% and Starch-1500 1%-13% were considered as independent variables and the responses were depicted in friability and disintegration time which were found 0.21–0.45% and 1.8–20.5 minutes respectively. Out of fifteen formulation trials (F-1 to F-15), seven formulations (F-3, F-6, F-8, F-9, F-10, F-13 and F-14) had met the acceptable criteria and one formulation (F-9) with independent variables PVP-K30 2.00%, Avicel PH-102 4.75% and Starch-1500 6.5% was selected because of its better disintegration, dissolution and friability profile. Data obtained from in-vitro dissolution tests were fitted to different kinetic models such as zero order, first order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Also, a compatibility study was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed to analyze surface morphology. Finally, the selected formulation was compared to FDA regulated QC parameters and proved its superiority over conventional market products.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 133-148, 2021
In vitro and In vivo Investigations Provide New Insights into Bioactivities of Blumea clarkei Hook.f. Leaves
Authors: Kabir Farzana , Jaman Asif Uj , Rumpa Rizia Azad , Jannat Tabassum , Alam Safaet , Saha Tanoy , Islam Md Ashraful , Soma Mahfuza Afroz
Published: July 2021

As there is a resurgence of interest in plants as promising sources of new active pharmaceutical constituents, the present study has been designed to establish the preliminary biological activities of Blumea clarkei Hook.f. leaves. Here, the crude methanol extract of the leaves along with its organic and aqueous soluble fractions were subjected to different in vitro and in vivo assays. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibited the highest total phenolic content (71.59 mg of GAE/gm of extract) and DPPH free radical scavenging (IC50 value 19.25 μg/ml) whereas another polar fraction; the aqueous soluble extractive showed the maximum cytotoxicity (LC50 value of 18.60 μg/ml) in the brine shrimp lethality assay. In membrane stabilizing activity evaluation, the inhibition of hypotonic solution and heat induced hemolysis were revealed maximum by the DCM (30.64%) and aqueous soluble fraction (39.15%), respectively while the crude methanol extract exhibited the highest thrombolytic potential (30.47% clot lysis). The central analgesic activity of the crude extract significantly increased the latent response time in tail-immersion method (p<0.001) at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight after 90 minutes of administration when compared to the control group. In acetic acid-induced writhing method, the plant extract showed prominent peripheral analgesia (p<0.001) with 47.54% and 65.57% inhibition at 200- and 400-mg/kg of body weight, respectively. In addition, a dose dependent hypoglycemic and antidiarrheal activities were also observed by the crude extract.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 149-158, 2021
Formulation and Evaluation of Effects of Superdisintegrants on Immediate Release Tablet of Linagliptin, a DPP-4 Inhibitor
Authors: Saha Tanoy , Alam Md Mahbubul , Lira Dilshad Noor , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to develop and evaluate an immediate-release tablet dosage form of Linagliptin. Different concentrations (ranges 5-10%) of super-disintegrants, Croscarmellose sodium (CCS), and Sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were used to prepare nine tablet dosage forms (F1 to F9) through the direct compression method. The compatibility of the formulations was evaluated by FTIR to reveal any possible drug-excipient interactions and it was proved to be compatible with all formulations. Precompression (bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, and angle of repose) and post-compression parameters (weight variation, hardness, thickness, and friability) were analyzed for all tablets and the results were found satisfactory as well as within limits as per USP guidelines. All the formulated batches (F1 to F9) exhibited disintegration of tablets within 2 minutes, where formulation F9 represented the lowest disintegration time (51±3 sec) which was also found significantly better than the marketed product (310±5 sec). In terms of drug dissolution, 90% of drug release was observed for all nine formulations within 45 minutes and formulation F9 (5% CCS and 5% SSG) illustrated the rapid and highest dissolution rate compared to the marketed one’s, 100% drug release at 20 minutes and 91.77 % drug release at 30 minutes successively. The respective data sets of drug release were mathematically fitted to several kinetic models and for all formulations, drug release pattern obeyed first-order kinetics amongst those, formulation F2 (r2= 0.98), F4 (r2= 0.99), F5 (r2= 0.98), and F9 (r2= 0.97) were found to be best fitted in this kinetic norm. Based on disintegration time and dissolution data comparison to a brand leader market product, F9 was experienced as the best formulation. Furthermore, it was observed that if SSG and CCS were combined, then these two parameters were more improved compared to their separate uses. Thus, incorporation of the optimum amount of super-disintegrants in a formulation showed rapid swelling, faster disintegration as well as ease of dissolution of tablet dosage forms.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 168-179, 2021
New Indications & Dosage Forms for Existing Drugs Vol 24(2)
Authors: Hossain Md Akbar
Published: July 2021

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 200-201, 2021
Current Health News Vol 24(2)
Authors: Hossain Md Akbar
Published: July 2021

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 202, 2021
Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Implementasi Syirkah di Rental Play Station Desa Mlorah Kecamatan Rejoso Kabupaten Nganjuk
Authors: Ardani Achmad
Published: July 2021

Salah satu bentuk kerjasama yang menggunakan akad syirkah dalam pelaksanaannya adalah Rental Play Station di Desa Mlorah Kecamatan Rejoso Kabupaten Nganjuk. Yang mana kebanyakan Rental Play Station dimiliki oleh perorangan dan atau juga kerjasama antara beberapa orang tetapi yang mengelola tetap satu orang saja. Jadi yang lain hanyalah menanamkan modal (saham) saja. Akan tetapi di Rental Play Station  ini dikelola oleh anak-anak pemuda desa yang tidak melanjutkan sekolah kejenjang yang lebih tinggi, dimana modalnya didapatkan dari iuran penanaman modal antara 3 (tiga) orang anak pemuda desa atau biasa masyarakat setempat menyebutnya dengan istilah patungan.

Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dengan pola pikir deduktif yaitu dengan menjelaskan atau menggambarkan data hasil penelitian dengan diawali teori-teori atau dalil yang bersifat umum tentang syirkah, bagi hasil dan aturan hukumnya, kemudian mengemukakan kenyataan yang bersifat khusus dari hasil penelitian tentang syirkah dan mekanisme syirkah di Rental Play Station, yang kemudian dianalisa menggunakan teori-teori tersebut, sehingga mendapatkan gambaran yang jelas mengenai masalah tersebut.

Adapun hasil penelitian adalah pembagian keuntungan syirkah tersebut dengan cara pembagian sesuai sip jaga anggota masing-masing untuk menghindari adanya kecurangan dalam pengumpulan keuntungan dari hasil jaga Rental tersebut. Dan syirkah di Rental ini diperbolehkan, karena dalam praktek kerjasama syirkah ini tidak ada unsur gharar dalam pembagian keuntungannya. Mereka saling rela dalam perolehan pendapatan tiap harinya tidak ada salah satu pihak yang merasa dirugikan ataupun ditipu.
Analisa Pengelolaan Zakat di Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kota Kediri
Authors: Sutantri
Published: July 2021

Sebagai ibadah amaliyah, zakat mempunyai dimensi dan fungsi sosial ekonomi atau pemerataan karunia Allah SWT dan juga merupakan perwujudan solidaritas sosial, rasa kemanusiaan dan keadilan. Zakat juga sebagai pembukti persaudaraan muslim sebagai pengikat batin antara yang kaya dengan yang miskin. Serta sebagai jembatan antara yang kuat dengan yang lemah. Zakat hukumnya wajib bagi setiap muslim yang telah memenuhi syarat. Maka harus dihitung dengan seksama zakat yang harus dikeluarkan. Hal ini dapat dibantu oleh BAZNAS maupun LAZ. Peranan zakat sangat penting, untuk itu badan atau lembaga amil zakat harus berhati-hati dalam pengelolaan zakat, karena merupakan amanah dan tanggung jawab besar dari para muzakki. Baznas Kota Kediri merupakan salah satu lembaga pengelola zakat yang mempunyai tugas pokok mengumpulkan, mendistribusikan dan memperdayakan zakat, infaq dan shodaqoh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan. Dengan sifat penelitian adalah deskriptif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sumber primer adalah pengelola zakat di Baznas Kota Kediri. Data sekunder dari dokumen dan buku-buku penunjnag. Analisa yang diterapkan adalah kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, menyimpulkan bahwa pengelola zakat oleh Baznas Kota Kediri sudah efektif, dilihat dari beberapa hal sebagai berikut : 1. Dana zakat yang terkumpul sudah banyak, sehingga penyaluran sudah luas. 2. Pendayagunaan zakat secara produktif sudah diterapkan 3. Amil fokus dalam pengelolaan zakat 4. Sosialisasi yang baik kepada masyarakat.
Implementasi Akad Ijarah Muntahiya Bi Al-Tamlik (IMBT) Perspektif Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor 27 Tahun 2002 & Hukum Islam
Authors: Jamaluddin
Published: July 2021

The Ijarah Muntahiya bi al-Tamlik (IMBT) contract is a lease agreement that ends with the transfer of property rights by means of sale and purchase (grant) at the end of the lease period. In the perspective of Islamic law, the IMBT contract is in accordance with the principles, pillars, and some terms of the contract. Unfulfilled contract conditions, namely the requirement for legal certainty. Meanwhile, in the perspective of the DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 27/2002 and Islamic Law, the IMBT agreement is an anonymous agreement that arises from the existence of the principle of freedom of contract. The IMBT contract is in accordance with the terms and elements of the agreement. IMBT legal consequences are rights and obligations. This scientific paper will examine the normative and applicable aspects of law. Legal norms that are included in the realm of unwritten law in the context of laws and regulations in Indonesia concerning Sharia Economics are DSN-MUI fatwas, especially regarding IMBT which has been perceived as a national law, (Law Number 21 of 2008, concerning Islamic Banking), Bank Regulations Indonesia (BI), the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Sharia Financial Institutions (KLS) as an effort to apply the law in an applicative manner.
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Pasar Pada Toko Roti Merah Delima Kediri
Authors: Rohmah Khoiru , Badi' Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Strategi pemasaran merupakan suatu rencana yang menyeluruh dan tertata dari setiap rancangan yang telah dibuat oleh perusahaan maupun pengusaha yang mencangkup tentang rangkaian kegiatan yang harus dijalankan untuk pemasarannya. Persaingan merupakan suatu kompetisi dari berbagai pihak pesaing lainnya dalam merebutkan suatu keunggulan dalam pasar. Persaingan juga ada dua, persaingan sehat dan tidak sehat, dalam dunia pasar suatu persaingan harus disertai usaha yang kuat untuk menghasilkan target yang diinginkan. Dari uraian diatas, rumuskan masalah penelitian ini, bagaimana strategi pemasaran yang diterapkan, strategi pemasaran dalam menghadapi persaingan pasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif untuk menggambarkan meringkas berbagai kondisi. Data yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode observasi, interview(wawancara), serta dokumentasi. Tahap akhir ini menggunakan keabsahan data dengan Credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability. Hasil penelitian ini, strategi pemasaran yang digunakan pada Toko Roti Merah Delima Kediri itu menggunakan bauran pemasaran diantaranya: Produk yang memiliki berbagai varian baik yang manis, asin, dan tawar. Harga jual dari yang Rp.3000 hingga keatas. Promosi yang digunakan itu dilakukan dengan tradisional maupun modern. Distribusi(tempat) berada di daerah yang mudah untuk dijangkau dan memiliki cabang di daerah lainnya. Dari strategi pemasaran dalam menghadapi persaingan pasar yakni menggunakan analisis   SWOT dan dari hasil tersebut dapat mencegah pergerakan para pesaing lainnya dalam dunia pasar, dan dapat memanfaatkan peluang dan kekuatan yang ada untuk mendapatkan target yang diinginkan.
Implementasi Metode TOPSIS Dalam Pemilihan Jasa Pangkas Rambut Dimasa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Arida Ririn Wahyu
Published: July 2021

Pandemi Covid mengharuskan semua kegiatan dilakukan dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan. Demikaian pula jasa pangkas rambut yang juga harus menerapkan protokol kesehatan.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jasa pangkas rambut apa yang digunakan oleh responden selama masa Pandemi Covid 19 dengan menggunakan metode TOPSIS. Adapun yang menjadi kriteria dalam peneliian ini adalah harga, pelayanan, style, protokol kesehatan dan lokasi. Dari hasil Nilai Preferensi dapat diketahui bahwa Pangkas rambut modern (Barbershop) mempunyai Nilai Preferensi Vi yang lebih besar yaitu sebesar 8,151123764, apabila dibandingkan dengan nilai preferensi pangkas rambut konvensional sebesar 0,428269966. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa responden lebih memilih menggunakan jasa Pangkas rambut modern (Barbershop)  di masa Pandemi Covid 19. Dengan alasan bahwa responden merasa nyaman dengan pelayanan yang diberikan oleh jasa pangkasrambut modern ( barbershop), selain itu jasa pangkas rambut modern (barbershop) memiliki kelebihan style rambut yang kekinian dan tetap menjalankan protokol kesehatan walaupun harga lebih mahal di bandingkan dengan pangkas rambut konvensional.
Korelasi Merger Tiga Bank Syariah dan Kesadaran Masyarakat Terhadap Produk Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Romadhon Bagus , Sutantri
Published: July 2021

Perbankan Syariah baru saja mencatatkan sejarah baru. Tiga Bank Syariah milik Pemerintah berhasil merger dengan nama Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). Tercatat kinerja semester I-2020 total aset BSI hasil merger mencapai Rp 214,6 triliun dengan modal inti lebih dari Rp 20,4 triliun. Dengan nilai aset dan modal inti tersebut, bank syariah hasil merger akan masuk jajaran 10 besar bank terbesar di Indonesia dari sisi aset segi kapitalisasi pasar. Namun begitu, pengetahuan masyarakat akan produk perbankan syariah di Indonesia belum memuaskan. Survei yang dilakukan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) tahun 2016 menunjukan bahwa hanya 21,84 % masyarakat yang menggunakan terhadap produk perbankan syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kepustakaan dan Pemikiran Kritis Penulis. Dengan sifat penelitian adalah deskriptif. Sumber primer adalah jurnal dan karya Ilmiah lainya. Data sekunder dari buku penunjang dan website. Analisa yang diterapkan adalah kuantitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, menyimpulkan bahwa ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kesadaran masyarakat akan produk perbankan syariah diantaranya a. Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat tentang bank syariah. b. Jaringan operasional bank syariah yang masih terbatas c. Sosialisasi yang dilakukan bank syariâ€™ah masih kurang  massif mempengaruhi terhadap daya tangkap dan pola pikir seseorang. Sedangkan usulan dari peneliti terhadap BSI yang paling utama adalah terus memberikan sosialisasi akan produk perbankan syariah.
Paradigma Pendidikan Profetik dalam Konsep Pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara dan Aktualisasinya di Era Disrupsi
Authors: Rahmat Hidayat
Published: July 2021

The colonial education system that was authoritarian, secularistic and materialistic was still prevalent in national education activities. As a result, today's generation of nations has experienced industrial objectivation, dehumanization, moral decadence, and self-alignment from its socio-cultural effects as a result of national education that sided with market interests (capitalist and materialist). This article seeks to analyze the values of the Pancadarma Taman Siswa Ki Hajar Dewantara which underlie the idea of humanist-religious education. The idea has paradigmatic relevance with the ideals of prophetic education which are explored into three pillars namely humanization (amar ma'ruf), liberation (nahi munkar), and transcendence (al-iman billah). This research is analytical-descriptive using Kuntowijoyo's Social Ethics concept to explore prophetic epistemology in Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational concept. This research resulted in the finding that the Pancadarma Taman Siswa concept required an educational system capable of returning children to their natural self as independent and cultured human beings, as well as arousing transcendental awareness. Pancadarma Taman Siswa installs students as independent individual and social subjects in accordance with human nature (humanization). On the other hand, Ki Hajar Dewantara's education wish for liberation of the world of education from the grip of the industry which adjusts various structural oppressions in society (liberation). Then, Pancadarma positions religion as an objective source of ethics and truth so that all educational activities are only dedicated to humanity and the advancement of civilization.
Islam Nusantara Di Thailand; Studi Etnografi Ritual Ibadah Muslim di Thailand Selatan
Authors: Himam Aliyul
Published: July 2021

Islam Nusantara or Islamic Nusantara is not just an Islamic concept in Indonesia only. Therefore, this paper focuses on how the manifestation of Islam Nusantara concept in Southern Thailand which refers to the manifestation of Islam Nusantara concept that has been applied in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative research with ethnographic approach. South Thai Muslims have a long relationship with Indonesia in genealogical, historical and cultural exchanges. So there is application of the concept of Islam Nusantara in Thailand with its various culture. The cultural form is grouped into language, practice, culture / custom, art, celebration, and worship.

Keywords: Islam Nusantara, Indonesia, Southern Thailand, Ritual, Worship, Culture