bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajectoires migratoires et options identitaires : paroles d'aînés d'origine libanaise
Authors: El-Hage Habib
Published: August 2017

Les recherches sociologiques sur les aînés dans un contexte migratoire sont peu nombreuses. Faisant suite à notre recherche doctorale, cet article étudie les options identitaires des aînés d'origine libanaise vivant à Montréal, au Québec. Notre hypothèse de départ propose que la reconstruction identitaire chez les aînés d'origine libanaise en contexte migratoire et le choix des options identitaires se font à partir de l'expérience vécue dans le pays d'origine et de l'expérience vécue dans la société d'accueil. Nos résultats témoignent de la complexité de la composition et de la recomposition identitaire des aînés d'origine libanaise, du fait que les aînés choisissent diverses options identitaires influencées par leur nouvel environnement social et qu'un certain détachement identitaire de la société d'origine se dessine, dû à des conjonctures historiques, politiques et sociales.
Golgi-independent secretory trafficking through recycling endosomes in neuronal dendrites and spines
Authors: Bowen Aaron B , Bourke Ashley M , Hiester Brian G , Hanus Cyril , Kennedy Matthew J
Published: August 2017

Neurons face the challenge of regulating the abundance, distribution and repertoire of integral membrane proteins within their immense, architecturally complex dendritic arbors. While the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) supports dendritic translation, most dendrites lack the Golgi apparatus (GA), an essential organelle for conventional secretory trafficking. Thus, whether secretory cargo is locally trafficked in dendrites through a non-canonical pathway remains a fundamental question. Here we define the dendritic trafficking itinerary for key synaptic molecules in rat cortical neurons. Following ER exit, the AMPA-type glutamate receptor GluA1 and neuroligin 1 undergo spatially restricted entry into the dendritic secretory pathway and accumulate in recycling endosomes (REs) located in dendrites and spines before reaching the plasma membrane. Surprisingly, GluA1 surface delivery occurred even when GA function was disrupted. Thus, in addition to their canonical role in protein recycling, REs also mediate forward secretory trafficking in neuronal dendrites and spines through a specialized GA-independent trafficking network.
Outside belonging: A study of bullying in a daycare institution
Authors: Helgesen Mai Brit
Published: August 2017

In this study of bullying during children’s play and other interactions in a daycare setting, the empirical data are based on interviews with staff and notes from discussions with staff and with two special education teachers. The results confirm that bullying is a complex phenomenon, as many and varied forces, both human and non-human, were found to play a role in the construction of bullying in this daycare setting.
Tracing hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype B5 (formerly B6) evolutionary history in the circumpolar Arctic through phylogeographic modelling
Authors: Bouckaert Remco , Simons Brenna C. , Krarup Henrik , Friesen T. Max , Osiowy Carla
Published: August 2017

Background

Indigenous populations of the circumpolar Arctic are considered to be endemically infected (>2% prevalence) with hepatitis B virus (HBV), with subgenotype B5 (formerly B6) unique to these populations. The distinctive properties of HBV/B5, including high nucleotide diversity yet no significant liver disease, suggest virus adaptation through long-term host-pathogen association.

Methods

To investigate the origin and evolutionary spread of HBV/B5 into the circumpolar Arctic, fifty-seven partial and full genome sequences from Alaska, Canada and Greenland, having known location and sampling dates spanning 40 years, were phylogeographically investigated by Bayesian analysis (BEAST 2) using a reversible-jump-based substitution model and a clock rate estimated at 4.1 × 10−5substitutions/site/year.

Results

Following an initial divergence from an Asian viral ancestor approximately 1954 years before present (YBP; 95% highest probability density interval [1188, 2901]), HBV/B5 coalescence occurred almost 1000 years later. Surprisingly, the HBV/B5 ancestor appears to locate first to Greenland in a rapid coastal route progression based on the landscape aware geographic model, with subsequent B5 evolution and spread westward. Bayesian skyline plot analysis demonstrated an HBV/B5 population expansion occurring approximately 400 YBP, coinciding with the disruption of the Neo-Eskimo Thule culture into more heterogeneous and regionally distinct Inuit populations throughout the North American Arctic.

Discussion

HBV/B5 origin and spread appears to occur coincident with the movement of Neo-Eskimo (Inuit) populations within the past 1000 years, further supporting the hypothesis of HBV/host co-expansion, and illustrating the concept of host-pathogen adaptation and balance.
DEPRECIAÇÃO NO SETOR PÚBLICO: UMA ANÁLISE DA EVOLUÇÃO DA EVIDENCIAÇÃO CONTÁBIL NOS ÓRGÃOS DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS
Authors: Da Silva Luciene Lima , Eleuterio Raul Agusto Da Silva , Viana Clilson Castro , Lima Mariomar De Sales
Published: August 2017

Sob a ótica das mudanças trazidas pela convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade, em especial, no tocante a implementação dos procedimentos relacionados à depreciação no setor público, a presente pesquisa objetivou examinar a evolução na evidenciação da contabilização da depreciação dos bens móveis e imóveis pertencentes aos órgãos que compõem a Administração Pública do Estado do Amazonas, nos exercícios de 2012 a 2014. Salienta-se que, apesar da previsão contida nas Leis n° 4.320 de 1964 e Lei n° 101 de 2000 (Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal - LRF), a normatização de tais procedimentos só ocorreu com a divulgação da Resolução CFC nº 1.136/2008 (NBC T SP 16.9). Para o alcance do objetivo citado o presente estudo se deu através de levantamento, organização e análise de dados relativos aos valores da depreciação e patrimônio total evidenciados nos exercícios mencionados, sendo estes extraídos de Portais de Transparência e/ou obtidos através de consultas realizadas junto ao Departamento de Contabilidade da Secretaria de Estado da Fazenda do Estado do Amazonas – SEFAZ/AM. Ademais, justifica-se relevância da pesquisa por se tratarem de procedimentos recentemente implementados, fazendo, consequentemente o tema ser pouco explorado no Estado, e ainda, originar a discussão quanto ao nível de atendimento ao disposto nas Normas Brasileiras de Contabilidade Aplicadas ao Setor Público, bem como, visa promover uma contribuição à sociedade para gerar uma maior observância no tocante à clareza das informações públicas sobre o valor de bens móveis e imóveis e sua desvalorização reconhecida pela contabilidade na forma de depreciação. Como resultado, constatou-se que nos três exercícios analisados o número de unidades gestoras ativas foi de, em média 138 órgãos, sendo que a evidenciação da depreciação foi realizada por aproximadamente 18,39% destas unidades. Em relação ao valor do ativo imobilizado demonstrado, observou-se que os bens incorporados durante os três exercícios representaram um acréscimo de R$ 2.769.389.456,60 ao patrimônio do Estado. Em contrapartida, a depreciação contabilizada nos mesmos exercícios foi de R$ 10.308.622,98, o equivale a menos de 1% do total de bens incorporados, ainda nesta seara, pode-se observar que a quantidade de entidades que evidenciaram valores relacionados a depreciação representa menos de 50% do número de unidades ativas nos três exercícios. Neste contexto, as conclusões rementem a um nível insatisfatório de atendimento ao disposto na NBC T SP 16.9, bem como a Lei nº 4.320/64 e LRF e demonstrando a afetação ocorrida na transparência do correto uso dos bens públicos, bem como as informações geradas pela contabilidade e que são necessárias para a correta tomada de decisão.

 
Biosynthesis of the C‐Glycosylated Depside Arenicolin B
Authors: Johnson Colin , Nuniz Lorraine , Perlatti Bruno , Bills Gerald F , Tang Yi
Published: February 2025

We uncovered the biosynthetic pathway of the C‐glycosylated depside arenicolin B from Phialomyces arenicola through genome mining, heterologous reconstitution and biochemical characterization. The biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of arenicolin B is comprised of a HRPKS, a NRPKS, and a C‐glycosyltransferase. Through biochemical dissection and evaluation, we demonstrate the NRPKS thioesterase (TE) domain catalyzes depside formation
Spin statistics and surgeries of topological solitons in QCD matter in magnetic field
Authors: Amari Yuki , Nitta Muneto , Yokokura Ryo
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The ground state of QCD with two flavors (up and down quarks) at finite baryon density in sufficiently strong magnetic field is in a form of either a chiral soliton lattice(CSL), an array of solitons stacked along the magnetic field, or a domain-wall Skyrmion phase in which Skyrmions are spontaneously created on top of the CSL. In the latter, one 2D (baby) Skyrmion in the chiral soliton corresponds to two 3D Skyrmions (baryons) in the bulk. In this paper, we study spin statistics of topological solitons by using the following two methods: the conventional Witten’s method by embedding the pion fields of two flavors into those of three flavors with the Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) term, and a more direct method by using the two-flavor WZW term written in terms of a spin structure. We find that a chiral soliton of finite quantized size called a pancake soliton and a hole on a chiral soliton are fermions or bosons depending on odd or even quantizations of their surface areas, respectively, and a domain-wall Skyrmion is a boson. We also propose surgeries of topological solitons: a domain-wall Skyrmion (boson) can be cut into a pancake soliton (fermion) and a hole (fermion), and a chiral soliton without Skyrmions can be cut into a pancake soliton (fermion) and a hole (fermion).
’t Hooft loops in N=4 super-Yang-Mills
Authors: Kristjansen Charlotte , Zarembo Konstantin
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We set up a perturbative framework for the ’t Hooft line in the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory, and apply it to correlators thereof with Wilson loops and local operators. Using this formalism we obtain a number of perturbative and non-perturbative results that directly connect to localization, holography and integrability.
Wormhole-induced ALP dark matter
Authors: Cheong Dhong Yeon , Hamaguchi Koichi , Kanazawa Yoshiki , Lee Sung Mook , Nagata Natsumi , Park Seong Chan
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Non-perturbative gravitational effects induce explicit global symmetry breaking terms within axion models. These exponentially suppressed terms in the potential give a mass contribution to the axion-like particles (ALPs). In this work we investigate this scenario with a scalar field charged under a global U(1) symmetry and having a non-minimal coupling to gravity. Given the exponential dependence, the ALP can retain a mass spanning a wide range, which can act as a dark matter component. We specify pre-inflationary and post-inflationary production mechanisms of these ALPs, with the former from the misalignment mechanism and the latter from both the misalignment and cosmic-string decay. We identify the allowed parameter ranges that explain the dark matter abundance for both a general inflation case and a case where the radial mode scalar drives inflation, each in metric and Palatini formalisms. We show that the ALP can be the dominant component of the dark matter in a wide range of its mass, m

a
∈ [10−21 eV, PeV], depending on the inflationary scenario and the U(1) breaking scale. These results indicate that ALPs can be responsible for our dark matter abundance within a setup purely from non-perturbative gravitational effects.
Axion couplings in heterotic string theory
Authors: Agrawal Prateek , Nee Michael , Reig Mario
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We study the coupling of axions to gauge bosons in heterotic string theory. The axion-gauge boson couplings in the low energy 4d theory are derived by matching mixed anomalies between higher-form global symmetries and the zero-form gauge symmetry in the 10d theory. When the standard model gauge group is embedded in a single simple group in the 10d theory — as is the case for almost all heterotic models studied in the literature — the ratio of the axion-photon coupling to the axion mass is bounded above by the QCD line. This bound is relevant for a large number of axion searches which have sensitivity to axion parameter space above this line. The discovery of an axion in these searches will rule out a large class of heterotic models, making such a signal challenging to explain within heterotic string theory.
Perturbative unitarity violation in radiative capture transitions to dark matter bound states
Authors: Beneke Martin , Binder Tobias , De Ros Lorenzo , Garny Mathias , Lederer Stefan
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We investigate the formation of bound states of non-relativistic dark matter particles subject to long-range interactions through radiative capture. The initial scattering and final bound states are described by Coulomb potentials with different strengths, as relevant for non-abelian gauge interactions or theories featuring charged scalars. For bound states with generic quantum numbers n and ℓ, we provide closed-form expressions for the bound-state formation (BSF) cross sections of monopole, dipole and quadrupole transitions, and of arbitrary multipole order when ℓ = n – 1. This allows us to investigate in detail a strong enhancement of BSF that occurs for initial states in a repulsive potential. For ℓ = n – 1 ≫ 1, we show that the BSF cross section for each single bound state violates the perturbative unitarity bound in the vicinity of a certain critical initial velocity, and provide an interpretation in terms of a smooth matching of classical trajectories. When summing the BSF cross section over all possible bound states in the final state, this leads to a unitarity violation below a certain velocity, but within the validity range of the weakly coupled non-relativistic description. We identify an effectively strong interaction as the origin of this unitarity violation, which is caused by an “anomalously” large overlap of scattering and bound-state wave functions in Coulomb potentials of different strength.
Perturbative bootstrap of the Wilson-line defect CFT: multipoint correlators
Authors: Artico Daniele , Barrat Julien , Peveri Giulia
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We study the defect CFT associated with the half-BPS Wilson line in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 Super Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions. Using a perturbative bootstrap approach, we derive new analytical results for multipoint correlators of protected defect operators at large N and weak coupling. At next-to-next-to-leading order, we demonstrate that the simplest five- and six-point functions are fully determined by non-perturbative constraints — which include superconformal symmetry, crossing symmetry, and the pinching of operators to lower-point functions — as well as by a single integral, known as the train track integral. Additionally, we present new analytical results for the four-point functions ⟨1122⟩ and ⟨1212⟩.
Leptogenesis from magnetic helicity of gauged U(1)B−L
Authors: Fukuda Hajime , Kamada Kohei , Sichanugrist Thanaporn
Published: February 2025

Abstract

If the B – L symmetry is gauged with the addition of right-handed neutrinos, the standard model B – L current is anomalous with respect to the B – L gauge field itself. Then, the anomaly relation implies that the magnetic helicity of the B – L gauge field is related to the standard model B – L charges, although the whole universe is B – L neutral with right-handed neutrinos. Based on this, we propose a new leptogenesis scenario with the gauged B – L symmetry as follows. First, the magnetic helicity of the B – L gauge field is generated, e.g., by the axion inflation, together with the standard model and right-handed neutrino B – L charges, with the net B – L charge kept zero. The B – L charges in the standard model and right-handed neutrino sectors are then subject to washout effects from the interactions between them. After the washout effects decouple, the B – L gauge symmetry is Higgsed and the magnetic helicity of the B – L gauge field decays and generates B – L charges in the both sector; thanks to the washout effects, we obtain a non-zero B – L asymmetry. We show that the baryon asymmetry of the universe can be generated in this scenario, discussing the decay of the magnetic helicity of the B – L gauge field and the interactions between the right-handed neutrinos and the standard model particles.
On 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 deformed vector multiplets and partial supersymmetry breaking in off-shell supergravity
Authors: Gold Gregory , Khandelwal Saurish , Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli Gabriele
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Electric and magnetic Fayet-Ilioupulous (FI) terms are used to engineer partial breaking of

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 global supersymmetry for systems of vector multiplets. The magnetic FI term induces a deformation of the off-shell field transformations associated with an imaginary constant shift of the triplet of auxiliary fields of the vector multiplet. In this paper, we elaborate on the deformation of off-shell vector multiplets in supergravity, both in components and superspace. In a superconformal framework, the deformations are associated with (composite) linear multiplets. We engineer an off-shell model that exhibits partial local supersymmetry breaking with a zero cosmological constant. This is based on the hyper-dilaton Weyl multiplet introduced in arXiv:2203.12203, coupled to the SU(1,1)/U(1) special-Kähler sigma model in a symplectic frame admitting a holomorphic prepotential, with one compensating and one physical vector multiplet, the latter magnetically deformed.
A sufficient condition for the development of superradiant instabilities in charged black-hole spacetimes
Authors: Hod Shahar
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The physical and mathematical properties of charged black holes that are linearly coupled to charged massive scalar fields are studied analytically. In particular, we prove that, in the eikonal large-mass regime Mμ ≫ 1, the compact dimensionless inequality ΦH > Q/M provides a sufficient condition for the development of superradiant instabilities in the curved black-hole spacetime [here {M, Q, ΦH} are respectively the mass, the electric charge, and the horizon electrostatic potential of the central black hole and μ is the proper mass of the field]. The familiar charged Reissner-Nordström black hole does not satisfy this inequality. On the other hand, we explicitly prove that all charged Ayón-Beato-García (ABG) black-hole spacetimes satisfy this analytically derived sufficient condition and may therefore become superradiantly unstable to perturbations of charged massive scalar fields.
Gauge-invariant charges of the dual graviton
Authors: Hull Chris , Lindström Ulf , Velásquez Cotini Hutt Maxwell L.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The free graviton theory given by linearising Einstein’s theory has a dual formulation in terms of a dual graviton field. The dual graviton theory has two gauge invariances giving rise to two conserved charges, while the ADM charges of the graviton theory become magnetic charges for the dual graviton theory. These charges can be ill-defined in topologically non-trivial settings and we find improvement terms that can be added to these to give gauge-invariant conserved charges. These gauge-invariant charges, which have local expressions in both the graviton and dual graviton formulation, give topological operators of the theory that should be considered as the generators of the genuine symmetries of the theory.
Four results on out-of-equilibrium 2PI simulations in 3+1 dimensions
Authors: Tranberg Anders , Ungersbäck Gerhard
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We perform an analysis of a number of approximations and methods used in numerical simulations of real-time Kadanoff-Baym equations based on truncations of the 2PI effective action. We compare the loop expansion to the 1/N expansion and compare their classical limit to classical-statistical simulations. We also compare implementations based on a space-time lattice discretization at the level of the action to an ad hoc momentum discretization at the level of the equations of motions. We extract some rules of thumb for performing 2PI-simulations of out-of-equilibrium systems.
Exceptional symmetries in light-cone superspace
Authors: Ananth Sudarshan , Bhave Nipun
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We construct maximal supergravity in five-dimensions by ‘oxidizing’ the four-dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 8 theory. The relevant symmetries, the unitary symplectic group USp(8) and the exceptional group E
6, are both presented in light-cone superspace and their connections with SU(8) and E
7 highlighted. We explain a procedure to derive higher-point interaction vertices in both the 4- and 5-dimensional supergravity theories using exclusively the exceptional symmetries. Specific forms for the quartic and quintic interaction vertices in light-cone superspace are derived.
Does decoherence violate decoupling?
Authors: Burgess C. P. , Colas Thomas , Holman R. , Kaplanek Greg
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Recent calculations in both flat and de Sitter spacetimes have highlighted a tension between the decoupling of high-energy physics from low-energy degrees of freedom and the expectation that quantum systems decohere due to interactions with unknown environments. In effective field theory (EFT), integrating out heavy fields should lead to Hamiltonian time evolution, which preserves the purity of low-energy states. This is consistent with the fact that we never observe isolated quantum states spontaneously decohering in the vacuum due to unknown high-energy physics. However, when a heavy scalar of mass M is traced out, the resulting purity of a light scalar with mass m typically appears to scale as a power of 1/M (when m ≪ M), an effect that cannot be captured by a local effective Hamiltonian. We resolve this apparent paradox by showing that the purity depends on the resolution scale of the EFT and how the environment is traced out. We provide a practical method for diagnosing the purity of low-energy states consistent with EFT expectations, and briefly discuss some of the implications these observations have for how ultraviolet divergences can appear in decoherence calculations.
Orogenic arc-related Ni-Cu-(PGE) mineralization of the Ransko massif, Czech Republic, and implications for the metallogeny of the European Variscan belt
Authors: Ackerman Lukáš , Wertich Vojtěch , Pašava Jan , Kubeš Martin , Rambousek Petr , Míková Jitka , Sláma Jiří , Santolík Václav , Pack Andreas , Creaser Robert A. , Malý Karel , Magna Tomáš
Published: February 2025

The Ransko (ultra)mafic massif, Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic, hosts several Ni–Cu–(PGE) deposits and peculiar Zn–Cu–Ba ores. Geochronology integrated with petrography, bulk-rock, and mineral compositions together with Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf–Os–O isotopic systematics of barren and variably mineralized (ultra)mafic lithologies as well as massive ores reveal a complex evolution of the Ransko massif and its mineralizations. The Sm–Nd and U–Pb ages obtained for gabbros and cross-cutting granite porphyry, respectively, overlap with Re–Os ages of Ni–Cu–(PGE) and Zn–Cu ores and limit the formation age of (ultra)mafic rocks and metal accumulations to ~ 370–345 Ma. Compositional variations indicate derivation of parental melts of the Ransko massif from metasomatized, Variscan sub-arc mantle and underscore the importance of assimilation–fractional crystallization and crystal accumulation processes. The Ni–Cu ores were emplaced through the gravity-driven percolation of dense sulfide liquids along previously weakened structures associated with the downward crystal fractionation. The orogenic and arc-related nature of the Ransko Ni–Cu–(PGE) mineralization shares some remarkable similarities with some other Ni–Cu deposits in the European Variscan Belt highlighting the significance of these deposits emplaced in arc-related crustal domains. Yet, the variable nature of these mineralizations indicates complex processes that happen during the emplacement and evolution of the parental magmas driving their favourable metal contents.
Barriers and facilitators to accessing sexual and reproductive health services for people with severe mental illness: a systematic review
Authors: Brown Matilda , Tassie Emma , Carlisle Sophie , Covshoff Elana , Ronaldson Amy , Williams Julie , Smith Shubulade , Trevillion Kylee , Hughes Elizabeth , Heslin Margaret
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Despite increased prevalence of sexual and reproductive health problems among people with severe mental illness (SMI), uptake of sexual and reproductive healthcare in this group is poor. The reasons for this are unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to accessing sexual and reproductive health services from a service user perspective.

Methods

Three electronic databases were searched using key words for “sexual health” and “SMI”. Data were screened and extracted by two independent reviewers. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess quality of included studies.

Results

Five studies were included and underwent a narrative synthesis. They were on access to HIV care (n2), access to family planning methods (n2) and access to general sexual healthcare (n1). Barriers relating to HIV care included cost; barriers relating to family planning included lack of awareness and not considering the issue; barriers to general sexual healthcare included psychotic symptoms, mental health prioritisation, stigma, lack of sexual health focus in mental health programs, difficulty initiating conversations, knowledge, culture/religion/ethnicity, and finances.

Conclusions

Studies which examined access to HIV and family planning services did so in a way that limited participant responses. While only one study examined barriers and facilitators to accessing generic sexual health services, it did so robustly, although it focussed solely on young women and provided limited data on facilitators. Future work should focus on examining barriers, and facilitators, to accessing sexual healthcare in all people with SMI to better identify and address these challenges.

PROSPERO ID CRD42023414740.
Fat reduction and lipid profile optimization in Spanish spreadable meat product using an oil-in-water emulsion
Authors: Martínez Elena , Rabadán Adrián , Álvarez-Ortí Manuel , Mitre Jacqueline , Pardo José Emilio
Published: February 2025

The present study investigates the effects of an oil-in-water emulsion formulated with pistachio, almond, and walnut oils as replacements for pork fat in a typical Spanish spreadable product called sobrasada. The study evaluates the physical properties, nutritional composition, fatty acid profile, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), vitamin E content, and sensory characteristics of the product. Seven formulations were studied. On day 0, sensory analysis and physical properties were evaluated. On day 7, analyses included vitamin E content, fat profile, nutritional composition, and TBARS to measure lipid oxidation. The 50% and 100% fat replacement levels showed noticeable differences in color, particularly in lightness. Regarding texture parameters, the reformulated samples were more spreadable compared to the control sample, exhibiting significantly lower firmness, consistency, and cohesiveness, which indicated reduced resistance to spreading. In terms of nutritional composition, the primary achievement was a reduction in total fat content, ranging from 11% in the almond 50% formulation to 25.8% in the walnut 100% formulation, compared to the control. The use of nut oils significantly influenced the fatty acid profile, reducing saturated fatty acids (SFA) by up to 64.16% (in the almond 100% formulation) while increasing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by up to 51.24% (in the almond 100% formulation) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by up to 225.81% (in the walnut 100% formulation). Additionally, atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes decreased as the nut oil content increased in the formulations, and vitamin E levels were higher in the reformulated products. From a sensory perspective, consumers generally rated the new formulations as superior to the traditional sample in terms of flavor, appearance, and texture. In conclusion, replacing pork fat with nut oils resulted in a product with improved nutritional and sensory qualities compared to the traditional sobrasada.
A collection of cancellative, singly aligned, non-group embeddable monoids
Authors: Edwardes Milo , Heath Daniel
Published: February 2025

By classical results of Malcev, cancellative monoids need not be group-embeddable. We describe, give presentations for and study an infinite family

$${\mathcal {M}}_n$$

M
n

of cancellative monoids which are not group-embeddable, originating from Malcev’s work. We show that

$${\mathcal {M}}_n$$

M
n

is singly aligned for

$$n \ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, owing to applications in the study of

$$\textrm{C}^*$$

C
∗

-algebras by Brix, Bruce and Dor-On. We finish by showing that

$${\mathcal {M}}_1$$

M
1

is not singly aligned, but 2-aligned.
Total psoriasis regression in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia treated using nilotinib
Authors: Horňák Tomáš , Žáčková Daniela , Mayer Jiří
Published: February 2025

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment has been revolutionized over last 20 years because of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and patients with CML now have life expectancy of general population. Chronic TKI treatment may cause adverse effects (AEs) that vary in frequency and severity. Nilotinib shows common AEs with metabolic changes and skin AEs. Here, we present a case report of patient who experienced full psoriasis regression while treated with nilotinib. Dose reductions and an attempt to stop nilotinib treatment resulted in prompt psoriasis reappearance. This is the first documented case of positive effect of nilotinib on psoriasis.
Evaluation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibition with alternative doses of ibrutinib in subjects with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Authors: Ouerdani Aziz , Valenzuela Belén , Treijtel Nicoline , Haddish-Berhane Nahor , Desphande Sanjay , Srinivasan Srimathi , Smith Emma , Perez Ruixo Juan José
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To evaluate alternative ibrutinib dosing regimens that maintain Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) receptor occupancy over the entire dosing interval for CLL patients using a model-based approach.

Methods

Ibrutinib inhibits B-cell proliferation via irreversible binding of BTK. As IC50 is not an appropriate parameter to describe the potency of the inhibition in the presence of a covalent binding inhibitor. A BTK covalent binding model was developed using k

inact

/K

I
as key parameter to account for covalent binding. The ibrutinib-BTK covalent binding model was used to describe the effect of daily doses of 140, 280, 420 and 560 mg on the proportion of subjects with more than 90% BTK inhibition at steady state trough concentrations. Predictive performance of the model was assessed using the available ibrutinib BTK inhibition data following QD dosing. Model-based predictions were used to identify the minimum ibrutinib QD dose that provides more than 90% inhibition in more than 90% of the subjects.

Results

The covalent binding model was able to describe the data and predicted that ibrutinib QD dose reduced from 420 mg to 280 mg or 140 mg may inhibit de novo synthetized BTK efficiently in a CLL population.

Conclusion

Using a model-based approach showed that reducing the ibrutinib dosing regimen to 280 mg QD or even 140 mg in case of adverse events could maintain BTK inhibition over the entire dosing interval.
Impact of follow-up liver biopsy on long-term outcomes post-Kasai procedure in patients with biliary atresia
Authors: Takase Koki , Ueno Takehisa , Matsumoto Sayaka , Uga Naoko , Deguchi Koichi , Nomura Motonari , Watanabe Miho , Kamiyama Masafumi , Tazuke Yuko , Kimura Takeshi , Okuyama Hiroomi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Patients with biliary atresia (BA) suffer from progressive liver damage, even after successful Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). The purpose of this study is to analyze the relevance of follow-up percutaneous liver biopsy (LBx) and long-term prognosis of patients with BA.

Methods

This study included patients with BA who were born between 1983 and 2005 and survived with their native liver until 10 years of age. Patient characteristics, laboratory data and Child–Pugh score at the time of LBx, and native-liver survival (NLS) and complication-free survival (CFS) in patients with mild (F0-F2) or severe fibrosis (F3, F4) on follow-up LBx were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Forty-three patients were gathered in this study and the most recent LBx was performed at age 21.1 ± 2.9 years. Thirty-three patients had mild fibrosis and ten patients had severe fibrosis on follow-up LBx. Long-term NLS and CFS were significantly worse in patients with severe fibrosis. Among those patients, 18 patients had follow-up LBx between the ages of 6 and 12 years, and CFS were significantly worse in patients with severe fibrosis.

Conclusions

We found that patients with BA with severe liver fibrosis on follow-up LBx had worse long-term survival and a higher rate of progression of complications of BA.
The presence of the reverse distance effect depends on the familiarity of the sequences being processed
Authors: Devlin Declan , Moeller Korbinian , Xenidou-Dervou Iro , Reynvoet Bert , Sella Francesco
Published: February 2025

Number order processing is thought to be characterised by a reverse distance effect whereby consecutive sequences (e.g., 1–2–3) are processed faster than non-consecutive sequences (e.g., 1–3–5). However, there is accumulating evidence that the reverse distance effect is not consistently observed. In this context, the present study investigated whether the presence of the reverse distance effect depends on the familiarity of the sequences being processed. Supporting this proposal, Experiment 1 found that the reverse distance effect was only present when the presented consecutive sequences were considerably more familiar than the presented non-consecutive sequences. Additionally, the sequence 1–2–3 has been suggested to play a pivotal role in the presence of the reverse distance effect due to being both the most familiar and fastest processed sequence. However, it is contested whether 1–2–3 is processed fast because it is familiar or simply because it can typically be verified as ordered from only its first two digits. Supporting the familiarity explanation, Experiments 2 and 3 found that 1–2–3 was processed characteristically fast regardless of whether it could be verified from its first two digits. Taken together, these findings suggest that sequence familiarity plays a critical role in the presence or absence of the reverse distance effect.
Feasibility and safety of impact-loading exercise in patients with multiple myeloma—a pilot study
Authors: Kollikowski Anne , Schallock Marei , Ringeisen Ruben , Hasenclever Dirk , Seefried Lothar , Grunz Jan-Peter , Zubac Damir , Löffler Claudia , Baumann Freerk T. , Jundt Franziska
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) develop osteolytic lesions with fractures, pain, and impaired quality of life. Preclinical data show an anabolic effect of loading exercise in osteolytic lesions of MM. This 6-month pilot study evaluated feasibility and safety of impact-loading exercise in patients with MM after assessment of spinal stability.

Methods

We assigned 20 patients to perform 45 min of guided impact-loading exercise twice a week and home-based training once a week or stretching exercise twice a week. Primary endpoint was assessment of feasibility and safety. Secondary endpoints were assessments of physical performance, quality of life, and bone remineralization.

Results

Of 77 eligible patients with MM, 26% accepted participation. In the impact group, 9/12 and in the stretching group 7/8 patients completed training with adherence rates of 65.8 and 81.1%. Ninety percent of the stamping and jumping exercises were performed with increasing intensity from the prescribed training volume of ≥ 100%. Low severity pain events were reported after 32.9% of impact sessions. No serious adverse events were observed. After 6 months, 6-minute walk distance increased in the impact group by 35 m and in the stretching group by 46 m, and chair-rise test improved in the stretching group by 1.7 s. Global health status increased by 24.9% in the impact group, and functional scale by 31.9% in the stretching group based upon EORTC QLQ-C30. No signs of bone remineralization were observed in computed tomography.

Conclusion

Impact training is feasible and appears to be safe in selected MM patients.
Inhibition of liver cancer cell growth by metabolites S-adenosylmethionine and nicotinic acid originating from liver progenitor cells
Authors: Liu Wen-Ming , Chen Cai-Yang , Ma Hong-Qian , Zhang Qiu-Qiu , Zhou Xu , Wu Yu-Ling , Huang Wei-Jian , Qi Xiao-Shu , Zhang Yu-Xin , Tang Dan , Sun Han-Yong , Wu Hong-Ping , Jiao Ying-Fu , He Zhi-Ying , Yu Wei-Feng , Yan He-Xin
Published: February 2025

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer, presents a challenging malignancy with scarce treatment options. Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) play a pivotal role in both liver regeneration and the progression of liver cancer, yet the specific functions of LPCs from different origins in liver cancer remain to be fully elucidated.

Methods

We explored the liver progenitor-like cells derived from human hepatocytes (HepLPCs) on the proliferation of HCC both in vitro and in vivo. The mitochondrial function was assessed through electron microscopy and functional experiments. Transcriptomic sequencing and western blot unveiled the fundamental mechanisms at play, whereas metabolomic sequencing pinpointed crucial effector molecules involved in the paracrine secretion of HepLPCs.

Results

By employing a co-culture system of HepLPCs and HCC cells, we found that HepLPCs markedly inhibited HCC growth by prompting mitochondrial dysfunction, which further led to the co-inhibition of the Notch1 and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways through paracrine actions involving S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and Nicotinic acid (NA).

Conclusions

This study has uncovered that HepLPCs have a suppressive influence on the proliferation of HCC cells. This is achieved through the impairment of mitochondrial function and the inhibition of key signaling pathways, namely, Notch1 and JAK1/STAT3, which are critical drivers of cancer progression. The secretion of the metabolites SAM and NA by HepLPCs appears to be instrumental in mediating these effects. These findings provide a solid foundation for identifying new therapeutic targets and clarifying the mechanisms through which HepLPCs can be harnessed to effectively treat HCC.
Mit Partizipation zur Klimaneutralität? Das kooperative Beteiligungsverfahren „Bonn4Future – Wir fürs Klima“
Authors: Antoni Julian , Dame Juliane , Lobeck Michael , Hörschelmann Kathrin
Published: February 2025

Die kommunalen Bekenntnisse zur Klimaneutralität im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Stadtentwicklung werden in den vergangenen Jahren immer zahlreicher. Die Bürger:innenschaft ist dabei vielerorts eine wichtige Akteursgruppe, die Transformationsprozesse hin zur Klimaneutralität mitverhandelt. In Bonn hat sich der Stadtrat das Ziel der kommunalen Klimaneutralität bis zum Jahr 2035 gesetzt. Die Bonner Transition Town Initiative Bonn im Wandel e. V. hat mit Unterstützung eines breiten Bündnisses daraufhin das zweijährige Mitwirkungsverfahren „Bonn4Future – Wir fürs Klima“ beantragt, konzipiert und in Kooperation mit der Stadtverwaltung durchgeführt. Auf Basis eines Mixed Methods-Ansatzes der begleitenden wissenschaftlichen Evaluation wird analysiert, inwiefern das kooperative Beteiligungsverfahren zu einer breiten Partizipation und politischen Teilhabe beitragen konnte.

Ausgehend von einer Einführung zu kommunalen Beteiligungsprozessen im Kontext von Klimaneutralität und möglichen Gütekriterien für die Prozessgestaltung analysieren wir die Umsetzung des Mitwirkungsverfahrens „Bonn4Future“ und zeigen Herausforderungen des Prozesses auf. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse lassen sich Handlungsempfehlungen ableiten, wie kommunale und zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure im Rahmen einer Kollaboration und breiten Mitwirkung der zentralen Aufgabe der urbanen Klimaanpassung begegnen können. Insgesamt kann ein breit angelegtes Partizipationsverfahren mit genügend Ressourcen einen möglichen Ausgangspunkt für einen längerfristig kooperativen Modus von organisierter Zivilgesellschaft, Verwaltung und Kommunalpolitik darstellen.
Geologic and Geotechnical Investigation of Basement Rocks and Mesozoic Sandstone for Dimension Stone Potential in Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Wubalem Azemeraw , Abiy Gezahegn , Ayenew Temesgen , Mulualem Wuletaw , Tesfaw Gashaw , Hailu Girma , Dawit Zerihun
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the suitability of various rock types for dimension stone applications through a combination of fieldwork, petrographic analysis, and geotechnical testing. The rocks investigated include Mesozoic sandstone, Precambrian migmatite gneiss, syn-tectonic granite, syn-to late-tectonic gabbroic diorite, and late to post-tectonic granite. Extensive field observations documented these rock unit’s spatial distribution, weathering patterns, color, texture, and deformation features. Petrographic analysis focused on mineralogical composition, alteration and texture while geotechnical tests assessed uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), density, water absorption, and porosity. The findings reveal that mineral composition significantly affects rock strength: quartz and feldspar rich rocks exhibited higher UCS, whereas rocks containing weaker minerals like biotite and muscovite showed lower strength. All tested rocks except Mesozoic sandstone, demonstrated low porosity, low water absorption, and high UCS, can make them ideal for both structural and decorative dimension stone applications. Mesozoic sandstones with its higher porosity and lower UCS, is more appropriate for non-structural decorative use. This study underscores the importance of integrating fieldwork with petrographic and geotechnical tests when evaluating rocks for dimension stone applications. The result highlights the need for careful rock selection based on the petrographic properties, visual appearance, alteration degrees, and physico-mechanical characteristics to optimize stone use in construction and decorative projects. Future research should focus on the performance of these rocks under harsh environmental conditions to ensure long term durability.
Autoregulatory-guided management in traumatic brain injury: does age matter?
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Beqiri Erta , Hånell Anders , Bögli Stefan Yu , Olakorede Ihsane , Chen Xuhang , Helmy Adel , Lavinio Andrea , Hutchinson Peter J. , Smielewski Peter
Published: February 2025

Background

Although older traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients often exhibit cerebral autoregulatory impairment with high pressure reactivity index (PRx), the role of autoregulatory-guided management in these patients remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to explore if age affected the prognostic role of the autoregulatory variables, PRx and the PRx-derived optimal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPopt), in a large TBI cohort.

Methods

In this observational study, 550 TBI patients who had been treated in the neurocritical care unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK, between 2002 and 2022 with available data on age, intracranial pressure monitoring, and outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS]) were included. The patients were classified into three age groups; youth and early adulthood (16–39 years), middle adulthood (40–59 years), and senior adulthood (60 years and above). Autoregulatory variables were studied in relation to outcome using heatmaps. Multivariate logistic regressions of mortality and favourable outcome (GOS 4 to 5) were performed with PRx and ΔCPPopt (CPP-CPPopt) in addition to baseline variables.

Results

TBI patients in the senior adulthood group exhibited higher PRx and lower ICP than younger patients. There was a transition towards worse outcome with higher PRx in heatmaps for all age groups. The combination of high PRx together with low CPP or negative ΔCPPopt was particularly associated with lower GOS. In multivariate logistic regressions, higher PRx remained independently associated with higher mortality and lower rate of favourable outcome in the senior adulthood cohort. There was a transition towards worse outcome for negative ΔCPPopt for all age groups, but it did not reach statistical significance for the senior adulthood group.

Conclusions

PRx was found to be an independent outcome predictor and influenced the safe and dangerous CPP and ΔCPPopt interval for all age groups. Thus, TBI patients older than 60 years may also benefit from autoregulatory-guided management and should not necessarily be excluded from future trials on such therapeutic strategies.
Influence of different dental scenarios on the accuracy of computerized optical impressions: an in vitro pilot study
Authors: Saravi Babak , Paffenholz Clemens L. , Hazard Derek , Kohal Ralf J. , Patzelt Sebastian B. M.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

This in vitro study aimed to determine the influence of various dental scenarios on the accuracy of computerized optical impressions (COIM), specifically focusing on trueness and precision.

Materials and methods

Eight resin casts representing different dental scenarios, including fully dentate upper (UU) and lower jaws (UL), full-arch preparation (FA), single abutment preparations (SA), anterior (AB) and lateral bridge preparations (LB), partial crown preparations (PA), and veneer preparations (VE), were digitally captured using an extraoral reference scanner and an intraoral scanner. The datasets from both scanners were superimposed to calculate and statistically evaluate three-dimensional mean deviations.

Results

The accuracy of maxillary full-arch scans was lowest in the PA scenario (trueness: 34.18 ± 5.46 μm, precision: 36.0 ± 14.69 μm) and LB scenario (trueness: 33.18 ± 7.86 μm, precision: 47.70 ± 14.09 μm). The best accuracy was observed in the SA (trueness: 21.38 ± 1.87 μm, precision: 22.25 ± 4.31 μm) and FA (trueness: 23.75 ± 1.51 μm, precision: 15.26 ± 3.41 μm) scenarios, significantly better than UU (trueness: 29.67 ± 0.79 μm, precision: 29.51 ± 1.17 μm). Soft tissue included in the scans of UU and UL lowered accuracy.

Conclusions

The accuracy of COIM varies significantly with different dental scenarios. Scenarios with extensive edentulous areas and complex preparation designs exhibit lower accuracy.

Clinical relevance

Accurate dental impressions are vital for the proper fit of prosthetic restorations. This study highlights that scenarios with less edentulous areas and simpler preparation designs yield better accuracy. Clinicians should be mindful that large edentulous areas and complex preparations can pose challenges for intraoral scanners, requiring careful scanning strategies to mitigate potential inaccuracies.