bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projek Estet Mini Rumpai Laut Dan Penglibatan Komuniti Nelayan Di Daerah Semporna, Sabah
Authors: Ali Mizpal , Hussin Rosazman , Md. Yasir Suhaimi , Abdul Rahman Ahmad Tarmizi
Published: February 2023

Estet mini rumpai laut telah menjadi salah satu projek teras Kerajaan Malaysia di bawah Program Transformasi Ekonomi (ETP). Projek ini diwujudkan untuk memanfaatkan sumber rumpai laut yang terdapat di perairan Semporna, Sabah. Rumpai laut merupakan sumber pendapatan komuniti nelayan dan produk eksport Malaysia. Pada masa kini, banyak agensi kerajaan, pihak syarikat dan komuniti tempatan mula berlumba-lumba menjadi penggerak projek pengkulturan rumpai laut dengan menggunakan sistem estet mini. Selepas dua tahun projek ini dijalankan, pencapaiannya sungguh membanggakan. Hal ini demikian kerana pada tahun 2013, sudah ada 11 syarikat dan empat kumpulan komuniti tempatan dilantik untuk menjalankan projek permulaan. Kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan menilai kesan projek pembangunan, iaitu sejauh mana projek estet mini telah memberi hasil pulangan kepada syarikat, komuniti dan negara. Namun, selepas dua tahun projek ini dilaksanakan iaitu sejak tahun 2011, didapati pencapaian projek adalah kurang efektif. Hal ini disebabkan prestasi perbelanjaan yang rendah pada tahun 2009 dan 2011 menyebabkan projek ini lambat berkembang. Persoalan ini akan dikupas dalam kertas kerja ini yang telah menggunakan kaedah kutipan data secara tinjauan dan temu bual yang dilakukan di Pulau Selakan dan Kampung Look Butun, Semporna pada bulan Januari hingga Mac 2013.
MITOS ASAL-USUL KOSMOLOGI MURUT PALUAN DAN KADAZANDUSUN: SATU PERBANDINGAN
Authors: Karimon Jacquelina , Mohd. Radzi Shaiful Bahri
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

 Cosmology myth is a defender of past belief. This cosmology layer is structured and brighten the belief of Murut Paluan and Kadazandusun society in Sabah. The cosmology become the determinant of the custom construction, prediction and the ritual of their heritage. This cosmology also is the source that lighten the identity of the both ethnic society that still attached strongly in their belief. Some of the traditional treasures continues to be played out in today’s dynamic and contemporary world. The cosmology structure brings forward the role of Aki Kinapuno (God of Murut Paluan) and Kinorohingan (God of Kadazandusun) in two different ethnics world. All the cosmology layers are represented by differences and similarity as human shelter to live life in harmony and orderly. The research source that based on field work is supported by scientific study of previous researcher. Thus, this method provides an analysis and statement that suitable to be paired up for comparison. The focus of this study is to presented the difference and similarity of cosmology myth of Murut Paluan. The highlight of the differences indirectly reminisces the authentic story to reveal the myths as an axis of belief. This belief has an impact of strengthening to their identity even though globalisation phase has given erosion of value in today’s context.

 

ABSTRAK

 Mitos kosmologi adalah pendukung kepercayaan silam. Piramid kepercayaan ini tersusun dan menyuburkan mitos Murut Paluan dan Kadazandusun di Sabah. Kosmologi ini menjadi penentu kepada pembinaan adat, ramalan dan ritual nenek moyang mereka. Kosmologi ini juga menjadi sumber yang memancarkan jati diri masyarakat kedua-dua etnik yang masih ada dalam kepercayaan mereka. Beberapa tempias khazanah tradisi diserap dalam dunia yang dinamik dan kontemporari kini. Struktur kosmologi ini menampilkan peranan Aki Kinapuno (Tuhan Murut Paluan) dan Kinorohingan (Tuhan Kadazandusun) dalam dua dunia etnik yang berbeza. Semua lapisan kosmologi ini terdapat perbezaan dan persamaan sebagai teduhan manusia untuk menjalankan kehidupan dalam keadaan harmoni dan teratur. Sumber kajian yang berorentasikan kajian lapangan ini disokong oleh kajian ilmiah yang pernah dikaji oleh penyelidik sebelumnya. Oleh itu, kaedah ini menujukkan analisis atau kenyataan yang sesuai digandingkan untuk perbandingan. Tumpuan kajian ini adalah ingin mengemukakan perbezaan dan persamaan mitos asal-usul kosmologi Murut Paluan. Penonjolan perbandingan ini secara tidak langsung mengimbas kisah autentik untuk mengungkapkan mitos sebagai paksi kepercayaan untuk kembali kepada jati diri manusia walaupun fasa globalisasi memberi hakisan nilai terhadap kepercayaan mereka.
KELOMPOK TEMA “TUKADAN” DALAM SUBJEK BAHASA KADAZANDUSUN
Authors: Buyoh Rozita , Jane Wong Kon Ling  , Caroline L. Loven
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

 Tukadan or proverbs are one aspect of the Kadazandusun language. This aspect is taught in the Puralan Boros (grammar) section, and it is a question item in the PT3 assessment and SPM examination. However, teachers face challenges in teaching Tukadan or proverbs as all proverbs stipulated in the Puralan Boros book need to be mastered by students. With regards to this, this study aims to identify the main category of tukadan themes based on their meaning as well as to identify the moral values ​​contained in each of the proverbs. Document analysis was performed on each of the 123 list of proverbs contained in the Puralan Boros Bahasa Kadazandusun id Sikul. The results showed that the proverbs in the Kadazandusun language consisted of a minimum of one word up to a maximum of nine words and can be divided into five main themes or groups which are: proverbs used for praising, guidance, advice, insinuate and to compare. The moral values of these proverbs ​​can be divided into positive and negative values, ​​but both are intended to educate. In addition, this study found that there are some proverbs that fail to show their functions clearly because they simply provide a description of the characteristic or the physical aspect of the proverb. The significance of this study is to facilitate the process of PdPc of the Kadazandusun Language Subjects especially for BKD teachers in secondary schools.

 

ABSTRAK

 Tukadan atau peribahasa merupakan salah satu aspek yang terkandung dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Kadazandusun. Aspek ini diajarkan dalam bahagian Puralan Boros (tatabahasa) dan menjadi item soalan dalam penilaian PT3 dan peperiksaan SPM. Walau bagaimanapun, guru menghadapi beberapa kesukaran mengajarkan aspek ini kerana kesemua tukadan yang disenaraikan secara umum dalam buku Puralan Boros perlu dikuasai oleh murid. Sehubungan  itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kelompok tema utama tukadan serta mengenal pasti nilai-nilai murni yang terkandung dalam setiap tukadan. Analisis dokumen dilakukan ke atas keseluruhan 123 senarai tukadan yang terkandung dalam buku Puralan Boros Bahasa Kadazandusun id Sikul. Hasil kajian mendapati  tukadan  dalam subjek Bahasa Kadazandusun terdiri daripada minimun satu perkataan sehingga sepanjang sembilan perkataan dan dapat dibahagikan kepada lima tema atau kelompok utama iaitu Pujian, Pedoman, Nasihat, Sindiran dan Perbandingan. Nilai murni pula dapat dibahagikan kepada nilai positif dan nilai negatif namun kedua-dua elemen tersebut bertujuan untuk mendidik atau menegur secara halus. Selain itu, kajian ini mendapati adanya beberapa tukadan yang tidak memperlihatkan fungsinya yang jelas kerana maknanya hanyalah memberi gambaran sifat atau fizikal sesuatu perkara. Signifikan kajian ini adalah memudahkan proses PdPc aspek tukadan dalam Subjek Bahasa Kadazandusun khususnya untuk guru-guru BKD di sekolah menengah.
TEKA-TEKI MELAYU MEMBINA SAHSIAH KANAK-KANAK
Authors: Abdul Rahim Fadzilah , Md. Radzi Shaiful Bahri
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

 Riddles tests the mind. Riddles differs from another form of poetry tradition. Riddles incorporates questions to be guessed. In the contexts of riddles, playing with it educates the mind of the guesser and the riddler. The reason is simple, communities back in the day love to entertain themselves verbally. Educating while entertaining oneself sharpens the mind. This research uses descriptive qualitative method in order to explain, analyse and elaborate observations based on the recording of a riddle contests. The data from the contests is analysed and transcripted whilst focusing on the observation of the environment and contestants' behaviour in the study of performance that includes three stages of observations. These three stages consisting of riddling contexts, riddling situation, and the presence of both riddlers and guessers that proves, Malay riddles are able develop the personality of children. This research involves diverse contestants from SK Bandar Baru Putera, Ipoh. The contestants are representing in the classroom from each grade from preschool to year 6. Every grade are represented by 6 contestants consisting of males and females. Total count of contestants is 18 from 3 classroom. The riddles showcase creative combinations by the creator. Images in the riddles manifest elements riddles use in formal Malay language. Riddling practice develops children's personality.

 

ABSTRAK 

Teka-teki menduga akal. Teka-teki berbeza dengan tradisi puisi lisan yang lain. Dalam teka-teki terkandung soalan untuk diteka. Dalam konteks teka-teki, bermain mendidik jiwa penutur dan penekanya. Alasannya mudah sahaja, kerana masyarakat dahulu gemarkan berhibur menggunakan lisan. Mendidik sambil berhibur membina kehalusan akal. Teka-teki Melayu didedahkan kepada kanak-kanak melalui bentuk pertandingan. Kajian in menggunakan kaedah deskriptif kualitatif untuk menerangkan, menganalisis dan menjelaskan tinjauan berdasarkan rakaman pertandingan teka-teki. Data pertandingan dianalisis dan ditranskripsikan dengan memfokuskan pemerhatian terhadap suasana dan tingkah laku peserta dalam konteks persembahan yang melibatkan tiga peringkat pemerhatian iaitu konteks berteka-teki, situasi berteka-teki dan kehadiran penutur dan peneka dalam kalangan kanak-kanak yang dapat membuktikan teka-teki Melayu dapat membina sahsiah. Kajian melibatkan para peserta dari Sekolah Kebangsaan Bandar Baru Putera, Ipoh yang terdiri daripada peserta berbilang kaum. Peserta pertandingan melibatkan sebuah kelas daripada setiap tahun bermula dari tahun 4 hingga tahun 6. Setiap tahun diwakili 6 orang peserta yang terdiri daripada peserta lelaki dan perempuan. Keseluruhan peserta melibatkan 18 orang kanak-kanak daripada 3 buah kelas.  Khazanah teka-teki Melayu memperlihatkan adunan yang sangat kreatif penciptanya. Imej-imej dalam teka-teki Melayu memancarkan elemen yang menarik penggunaan teka-teki dalam pengajaran bahasa Melayu  sebagai amalan berteka-teki yang dapat membina sahsiah kanak-kanak.
ISU KEMISKINAN DIGITAL YANG DI HADAPI OLEH PENIAGA LUAR BANDAR DI KAWASAN SIPITANG, SABAH, MALAYSIA
Authors: BINTI ROSMAN NUR FIRZANA , BINTI KEE MOHD YUSSOF KEE Y. SABARIAH
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

 

The changing economic landscape, which began to adapt to online businesses after the closing of the pasar tamu during the Movement Control Implementation (MCO) period, has raised the issue of digital poverty, particularly among rural entrepreneurs. Although online businesses became a viable source of income during the MCO era, the decline in rural Internet usage between 2014 and 2020 demonstrates that these individuals cannot adapt to the changing economic environment. Moreover, it indirectly affected rural entrepreneurs, as the closing of the pasar Tamu halted their income generation and exposed them to the issue of digital poverty. Some informants' interviews revealed that rural entrepreneurs struggle to use technology as a business platform due to the effects of poverty; even if they have access to the Internet, their use is passive. Two factors prevent rural entrepreneurs from engaging in online business: a lack of technological knowledge and proficiency. This is because technology-related courses are rarely offered in the Sipitang region. The next factor is the generation gap and the difficulty of accepting change, these people argue that technological skills should only be learned by young people and more comfortable doing business in the pasar tamu making it difficult for them to adapt to technology and trade online.

ABSTRAK

 

Perubahan landskap ekonomi yang mulai beradaptasi dengan perniagaan atas talian berikutan penutupan pasar tamu dalam tempoh Perlaksanaan Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) telah menimbul isu kemiskinan digital terutamanya kepada golongan peniaga di luar bandar. Walaupun perniagaan atas talian menjadi alternatif untuk menjana pendapatan semasa tempoh PKP, namun penurunan penggunaan Internet luar bandar dari tahun 2014 sehingga 2020 menggambarkan golongan ini tidak mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan landskap ekonomi. Ia secara tidak langsung memberi impak kepada peniaga luar bandar berikutan penutupan pasar tamu sehingga menyebabkan penjanaan pendapatan mereka terhenti dan turut berhadapan dengan masalah kemiskinan digital. Hasil temu bual beberapa orang informan mendapati peniaga luar bandar berhadapan dengan ciri-ciri kemiskinan yang mana mereka mengalami kesukaran untuk menggunakan teknologi sebagai platform berniaga walaupun mereka mempunyai akses Internet akan tetapi penggunaannya masih secara pasif. Terdapat dua faktor yang menjadi penghalang kepada peniaga luar bandar untuk menyertai perniagaan atas talian iaitu faktor kekurangan pengetahuan dan kemahiran dalam menggunakan teknologi. Ini berikutan kursus berkaitan teknologi jarang diadakan kawasan Sipitang. Faktor seterusnya ialah jurang generasi dan sukar menerima perubahan, golongan ini berpendapat bahawa kemahiran teknologi hanya perlu dipelajari oleh golongan muda dan lebih selesa berniaga di pasar tamu menyebabkan mereka sukar beradaptasi dengan teknologi dan berniaga atas talian.
A survey of amphibians at Liwagu Water Catchment Area, Tambunan, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Huaimei Yong , Sudin Ahmad , Ismail Helpis
Published: February 2023

This paper presents the inventory of frogs collected at Liwagu Water Catchment, Tambunan, Sabah. The specimens were collected along trails using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) and hand-grabbing technique. The process of collecting and recording data was done according to the standard method for handling amphibians. A total of 15 species of anurans and one species of caecilian were recorded. The assemblage was dominated by anurans from Ranidae (39%).
Bioaccumulation Potential of Cynodon dactylon Linn. in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil.
Authors: Raimi Idris Olawale , Isichei Augustine Onwuegbukiwe
Published: February 2023

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the growth of Cynodon dactylon Linn. in soils contaminated by various concentrations of crude oil with a view to assessing its phytoremediating potential. The crude oil prepared at different concentrations of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 (w/v) acted as contaminants on 3kg each of air-dried soil collected from the Obafemi Awolowo University Biological garden which is rich in organic matter. Each treatment was replicated 10 times in complete randomized design. Significantly (p<0.05) highest residual total petroleum hydrocarbon content (THC) uptake (39.26 ppm) was obtained in the plant at 12.5 ml contamination with the least residual total petroleum hydrocarbon content uptake (12.79 ppm) obtained at 2.5 ml contamination. With increased contamination, there was positive correlation with residual total petroleum hydrocarbon content uptake in the plants. No detectable amount of petroleum hydrocarbon content was found in the soil at the end of the experiment. The study concluded that C. dactylon plant could be effectively used in the phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil without addition of soil amendment.
Isopropyl (ene)-type Cembrane Diterpene an Important Chemotaxonomical Marker in Bornean Soft Coral Genus Sarcophyton
Authors: Phan Chin-Soon , Vairappan Charles Santhanaraju
Published: February 2023

Two cembrane diterpenoids; (+)-11,12-epoxysarcophytol A (1) and sarcophytol W (2) were isolated from Sarcophyton sp. collected from Mantanani Island, Sabah. Secondary metabolites structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data. This is the first record of cembranoid diterpenes isolated from the Bornean soft coral genus Sarcophyton. The isopropyl(ene)-type cembrane derivatives could be suggested as chemotaxonomical markers for soft coral genus Sarcophyton.
Carbon Sequestration in Selected Grass Species in a Tropical Lowland Rainforest at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria #January 26, 2017:[Expression of Concern] Plagiarism has been detected in this manuscript. JTBC staffs investigate this matter further.
Authors: A.I Odiwe , G.O Olanrewaju , I.O Raimi
Published: February 2023

Dry matter production and carbon stock in the pools of Panicum maximum, Axonopus compressus and Cynodon dactylon grass species were evaluated within the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. This was with a view to provide information on grass species serving as carbon sink and to assess their contribution to carbon stock in the terrestrial ecosystem. Four 15 m x 15 m sampling plots were established in each of the grass species sites; the plant samples were harvested by randomly placing ten 1m x 1m quadrats. The harvested plants were divided into above and below ground biomass. Floor litters (residue) samples were also collected. Ten soil samples were randomly collected from ten points in each plot at a depth of 0-20 cm, air-dried and analyzed for carbon content. Bulk density was also determined in each plot. The harvested plants were oven dried at 70Â°C to a constant weight, weighed, ground and analyzed for organic carbon content. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the dry matter production, carbon concentration and carbon stock across the three grass species. Panicum maximum had the highest dry matter production and carbon stock in the above and below ground biomass. It also had the highest carbon concentration in below ground biomass. The results concluded that grasslands can serve as a terrestrial carbon sink and their contribution varied across the studied grass species.
The Checklist of Plants Occurring at the Abandoned Mamut Copper Mine, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Saibeh Kartini , Sugau John , Repin Rimi
Published: February 2023

The abandoned Mamut Copper Mine (MCM) is located at the southeastern slope of Mount Kinabalu. It lies between elevations of 1,300 to 1,600 metres above sea level. General collection of plants was carried out on the five main waste rocks dumping sites: Mamut Valley Dump, Lohan Dump, Nasapang Dump, North Dump and West Dump. The enumeration recognizes 204 species represented by 73 different families and 152 different genera. Of these, 59 are tree species, 55 shrub species, 64 herbaceous species (including ferns), 23 graminioid species, and two moss species. This study has identified 25 plant species that are frequently found at all of the waste dumpsites around the abandoned MCM. This checklist can be used for a rehabilitation programme of mine wastes.
First Record of the Female of the Praying Mantis Mythomantis serrata (Order: Mantodea) from Sabah, Borneo
Authors: Musi Nurain , Mustaffa Nazirah , Yahya Bakhtiar Effendi
Published: February 2023

We present the first record of the female of Mythomantis serrata, collected from Imbak Canyon Conservation Area, Sabah. This species was described by Schwarz & Helmkampf in 2014 based on male specimens collected from Gunung Mulu, Sarawak and Danum Valley, Sabah, Borneo. This species can be distinguished from the other Mythomantis species, M. confusa and M. gracilis, based on the presence of sawtooth-like lobes along the sides of the pronotum, and the concave margins of its supra-anal plate. The female individual of this species possesses similar morphological characters like those seen in males. The description of the female specimen follows Schwarz & Helmkampf (2014).
Land Use Changes and Their Effects on the Provisioning Services for 32 Years in Temiang Village, Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu
Authors: Sihotang Vera Budi Lestari , Pratama Bayu. A. , Royyani M. Fathi , Rahajoe Joeni S. , Zhen Lin
Published: February 2023

Research on land use change in Temiang Village is important as it is a part of Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu Biosphere reserve conservation area which protects and conserves the ecosystem and the biological resources and genetic resources in it. This research was conducted to determine land use changes and their effects in Temiang village, Bukit Batu. Effects of changes in land use in Temiang village can be seen in provisioning services. Provisioning services are the benefits obtained from the supply of food and other resources from ecosystems. To collect primary data, a field trip was conducted, in addition to in depth interview and Focus Group Discussion method. The land uses in Temiang village are driven mainly by local societal preferences and practices which are rubber and oil palm plantations. The other factors that drive land use change are conversion for housing and village facilities which is also the result of population growth and the arrival of migrants.
The Application of Citizen Science Approach in an Ichthyofaunal Survey at Tagal Sites in Upper Moyog River, Sabah, East Malaysia
Authors: Ng Casey Keat Chuan
Published: February 2023

This study explores and describes the effects of citizen science and the application of traditional ecological knowledge in data collection. A monthly survey of 10m transact were conducted in Kibunut Bawah and Notoruss tagal sites during the period of February to May 2016 to determine the fish species composition for setting the biological baselines for river monitoring purposes. A total of 279 individuals representing 8 species from 3 families were recorded and the dominant species was Tor tambra. Shannon Index of Diversity (Hâ€™) in Kibunut Bawah and Notoruss was 0.747 and 0.825 respectively. Deeper waters were found to host higher abundance. Local participantsâ€™ familiarity with local habitats and species were the key factors that influenced the sampling results. Some site observations and community responses are also discussed to guide future studies.
Notes on the genus Chilocoristes Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) in Malaysia
Authors: Takizawa Haruo
Published: February 2023

The small Oriental genus of Chrysomelidae, Chilocoristes Weise, 1895 in Malaysia was studied. As a result, four new species: Chilocoristes besar, C. justinahae, C. moyogensis and C. nigromarginatus n. spp. are described from Sabah. A key to 12 known species occurring in Malaysia is provided.
Seasonal variation of temperature dependent physico-chemical parameters of a coastal River Bhadra, Bangladesh
Authors: Ara Mosummath Hosna , Uddin Md. Nazim , Sarkar Subhas Chandra , Kumar Uttom
Published: February 2023

This analysis observed the seasonal variation in the temperature dependent physico-chemical parameters [pH, Transparency, Salinity, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Alkalinity, Total Acidity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Free Dissolved CO2] of surface water in a coastal river in Bangladesh. Composite samples from four different sampling points that considered high and low tides were collected and analyzed in three main consecutive seasons: rainy, winter and summer. The study has revealed that most physico-chemical parameters are not a serious problem for Bhadra River eco-system and water quality shows significant seasonal changes. The statistical analysis unveiled a positive correlation of temperature with pH, Transparency, Salinity, EC, TDS, Total Alkalinity, Total Acidity and Free Dissolved CO2 but only negative correlation with DO.
Role of Wildlife-viewing Activity at Tabin Wildlife Reserve
Authors: Peters Robert Francis , Min Lim E
Published: February 2023

The Tabin Wildlife Reserve is the only gazetted wildlife reserve in Sabah. For it to remain sustainable, tourism is strategically taken as a socio-economy instrument with wildlife-viewing currently being the most important tourism activity. But tourism could also be used as a conservation instrument, and a scientific research was carried out to determine the role of wildlife-viewing in conservation at the Reserve. This research comprises a social media content analysis, on-site observations and interviews with the Reserve's tourists, and findings show that the Reserve has the basic facilities for tourists to view wildlife. Besides this, the findings also show that the Reserveâ€™s tourists were satisfied with their wildlife-viewing experiences. However, the findings also reveal that the touristsâ€™ viewing experiences and satisfactions did not influence their understanding of conservation. Instead, the experiences and satisfactions prompted them to revisit and promote the destination to other people. These findings suggest the wildlife-viewing as an activity enforces conservation interest rather than increases conservation interest, which brings the understanding that tourism is a selective conservation instrument.
Codonoboea kjellbergii (Gesneriaceae) in Buru Island, Maluku: A New Genus Record for the Island
Authors: Mustaqim Wendy Achmmad
Published: February 2023

Codonoboea kjellbergii (B.L.Burtt) Karton., recently discovered in Buru Island, Maluku, is a new genus record for the island. The species was observed from only a single location. It grows on rocky, more or less nutrient poor soil. A description, figure and illustration are provided.
Checklist of Bats at Ulu Senagang, Keningau, Sabah
Authors: Salor Cheristina Punga , Azhar Isham
Published: February 2023

A bat survey was conducted at Crocker Range Substation Ulu Senagang, Keningau, Sabah, from February 19 to 23, 2018. Harp trap and mist nets were used to capture bats. The four trapping nights resulted in the capture of five species of bats belonging to three families namely, Pteropodidae, Emballonunidae and Vespertilionidae. Three species were captured from the old logged-over forest, whereas two species were captured in the modified landscape. Generally, the recorded bat species are classified as Least Concern by IUCN.
INTERNAL PEOPLE AS THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) TARGET AUDIENCE IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA: THE CASE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY
Authors: Sabar Aritonang Rajagukguk  , Mts. Arief  , Asnan Furinto  , Sri Bramantoro Abdinagoro  , Amalia E. Maulana
Published: February 2023

The debate about how CSR be done in a time of crisis has received growing attention in recent years, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis. In line with the previous research that CSR could be done even in times of crisis, the findings revealed that several media to large-sized businesses in Bali have still carried out corporate responsibility programs even the tourism and hospitality industry was arguably hit the hardest. This study uses qualitative research via In-depth Zoom interviews and WhatsApp chat to total of 18 Bali’s medium and large tourism business owners. Theme analysis and comparison were then carried out using the NVivo 12 software. The analysis revealed that CSR during a pandemic is still in accord with Elkington’s framework, which highlighted that internal people are as important CSR target audience. Furthermore, the CSR performed was found to be the bridge to industry survival and sustainability. Business owners realized that social responsibility should start from maintaining their business to foster the internal people. CSR during the pandemic includes dividing tasks to increase effectivity and efficiency in the workplace, upskilling workers, and strong leadership in directing teams to achieve their goals. This study found out that the company survival through genuine internal people management is a relevant approach and should be generalizable in the different industry contexts.
THE ABILITY OF FIRMS LEVERAGE ON TOURISM SECTOR TO SURVIVE DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Variyetmi Wira  , Tuti Azra  , Yenida
Published: February 2023

The development of tourism industries in Indonesia has been heavily hit by the COVID-19 pandemic since early 2020 which has caused an unprecedented crisis in this sector. As a result, there is an increase in the average debts in this sector to maintain the long-term stability of firms. This study aims to examine the difference in firm value affected by the firm leverage, by comparing the year 2019 before the pandemic with the year 2020 period during the pandemic occurred. The data were collected through datastream and the www.idx.co.id website. The samples were selected using the purposive sampling method with the final samples being 39 companies per year. To measure the leverage variable, debt ratio, time interest earned, and debt-equity ratio were employed, while the firm value variable was processed using Tobin’s Q. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Using primary and secondary data, the study reveals that the level of leverage before and during the pandemic demonstrates an unsubstantial difference in terms of companies’ sustainability. Along with that, the three variables mentioned above have an insignificant impact on the firm value.
A CASE STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LEAN SIX SIGMA IN MALAYSIA PLANTATION COMPANY
Authors: Siti Salimah Jalal  , Suaniza Mamat  , Zamzulalila Zakaria  , Mohamad Hafiz Rosli
Published: February 2023

Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is a method focused on continuous improvement of quality, elimination of waste and minimization of defects in an organization and has been widely applied in Multinational corporations (MNC) in western countries. However, few studies have been found in developing countries, particularly in the plantation industries. Underpinning with Actor-Network Theory (ANT), this study aims to explore the process of implementation of LSS in one of the Malaysia Plantation Companies. In this study, the data was collected through face-to-face interviews with 13 executives and non-executives, document reviews, and direct observations. The finding indicates that the LSS implementation improves the cost-saving of RM967 million in business operations in the 2016/ 2017 financial year and trained 16 Black Belt practitioners and 184 Green Belt practitioners within five years. In addition, the implementation of LSS also increases revenue contribution and brings the focus of the company towards sustainability. Overall, this study offers some insight to the company especially the board of directors and Plantation Sustainability Quality Management committee into the implementation of LSS particularly the plantation company that can strategies the LSS in their business operation.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENGAGEMENT AND BURNOUT AMONG STUDENT IN UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH (UMS)
Authors: Chen Kaiyue
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the relationship between engagement and burnout of students at Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). This study found that there is indeed a significant negative correlation between engagement and burnout. Among them, the assumption of engagement, vigor and engagement is not accepted, and the relationship between them is not very significant. But the relationship between dedication and absorption, these two factors and engagement is very significant. They have a huge impact on engagement. For burnout, the study found that exhaustion, cynicism and effectiveness are closely related to burnout, and these three factors will have a significant impact on burnout. Finally, this study shows that in order to improve the learning attitude of UMS students, UMS managers and lecturers should find ways to mobilize students' dedication and absorption to improve students' engagement and reduce burnout, and find ways to control students' exhaustion, cynicism and Efficacy to build a positive learning atmosphere.
Comparative Study of Anxiety Symptom’s Predictions From Discord Chat Messages using Automl
Authors: Duvvuri Anishka , Kovvuri Navya , Kumar Sneka , Victor Rebecca , Kaushik Tanush
Published: February 2023

Anxiety is a chronic illness especially during the Covid and post-pandemic era. It’s important to diagnose anxiety in its early stages. Traditional Machine learning (ML) methods have been developmental intense procedures to detect mental health issues, but Automated machine learning (AutoML) is a method whereby the novice user can build a model to detect a phenomenon such as Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) fairly easily. In this study we evaluate a popular AutoML technique with recent chat engine (Discord) conversation dataset using anxiety hashtags. This multi-symptom AutoML Random Forest predictive model is at least 75+% accurate with the most prevalent symptom, namely restlessness. This could be a very useful first step in diagnosing GAD by medical professionals and their less skilled hospital’s IT area using pre diagnostic textual conversations. But it lacks high quality in predicting GAD in most symptoms as found by a low 50% precision on most symptoms (except 5). The AutoML technology is quicker for IT professionals and gives a decent performance, but it can be improved upon by more sophisticated ANN methods like Convolution neural networks that plug AutoML’s symptom’s deficiencies with at least 80+% precision and 0.4+% in F1 score, namely in detecting poorly predicted symptoms of concentration and irritability.
Review of Metrics to Measure the Stability, Robustness and Resilience of Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Pullum Laura L.
Published: February 2023

Reinforcement learning (RL) has received significant interest in recent years, primarily because of the success of deep RL in solving many challenging tasks, such as playing chess, Go, and online computer games. However, with the increasing focus on RL, applications outside gaming and simulated environments require an understanding of the robustness, stability, and resilience of RL methods. To this end, we conducted a comprehensive literature review to characterize the available literature on these three behaviors as they pertain to RL. We classified the quantitative and theoretical approaches used to indicate or measure robustness, stability, and resilience behaviors. In addition, we identified the actions or events to which the quantitative approaches attempted to be stable, robust, or resilient. Finally, we provide a decision tree that is useful for selecting metrics to quantify behavior. We believe that this is the first comprehensive review of stability, robustness, and resilience, specifically geared toward RL.
Development of marital adjustment and family functioning scale: a reliability and validity study
Authors: S�ylemez �brahim , Berksun O�uz Erkan
Published: February 2023

Aim: We aimed to develop a novel, comprehensive scale to assess family functioning and marital adjustment. Methods: We attempted to develop the Marital Adjustment and Family Functioning Scale with randomly selected 361 married participants without dementia and mental retardation. While calculating the internal consistency coefficient and deploying the test-retest method to ensure the reliability of the scale, we resorted to the factor analysis and criterion-related validity methods to seek its validity. The Marital Adjustment Test (MAT) and the Family Assessment Device (FAD) were utilized to ensure the criterion validity of the scale. Results: The findings revealed the internal consistency coefficient of the scale to be 0.974. Following the test-retest study with 20 participants, we calculated the correlations between two measurements with the MAFFS test to be 0.951. Finally, we calculated the correlation coefficients between the MAFFS and the FAD and the MAT to be 0.704 and 0.775, respectively. Conclusion: The first subscale is called the �family functioning and adjustment� since the items were oriented to assess general functions and adjustment in the family. The second subscale includes the items oriented to confidence-loyalty-violence; therefore, it is called �confidence-loyalty-violence.� Finally, the third subscale is referred to as �marital dysphoria� since it attempts to assess dysphoric issues within the family. Overall, the whole scale is deemed appropriate to be called the �Berksun-S�ylemez-Kayac�k (BSK) Marital Assessment Scale.�
Maternal serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level in first-trimester pregnancy loss
Authors: Esercan Alev , G�ng�r Tayfun
Published: February 2023

Aim: Pregnancy loss (abortus) is defined as loss of fetal cardiac beat or expulsion of pregnancy material before 20 weeks.It has many causes such as chromosomal abnormalities, uterine anomalies, infections, and unknown causes. Vitamin D has become one of the new topics of research in many medical fields, as it has relations with other diseases besides bone diseases. In some studies of recurrent pregnancy loss, a low vitamin D level was found. In our study, vitamin D levels were measured in the first-trimester pregnancy loss and normal pregnancy group. Methods: Patients, single pregnancies with a positive fetal heartbeat, who applied to the pregnant outpatient clinic for the first examination of pregnancy were included in the study, and vitamin D levels were measured at this time. The patients were followed up to the 12th gestational week using the hospital automation system. The groups of normal pregnancy and abortus groups were determined. 25-hydroxy (25-OH) vitamin D levels between 2-96 ng/ml can be detected, while over 30 ng/ml is sufficient, 20-29.99 ng/ml is insufficient, and <20 ng=''/ml is defined as a low 25(OH)D3 level. Results: 66 patients were included in the pregnancy loss group, in the follow-up, 63 patients were in the normal pregnancy group. The mean vitamin D level of the individuals included in the study was measured as 7.45�4.64 ng/ml. Levels of vitamin D were 10.04�6.19 in the normal course group and 4.8�1.73 ng/ml in the intrauterine exitus group (p<0.05). At='' a='' vitamin='' D='' level='' of='' 6,87='' ng=''/ml, pregnancy loss was expected with 90% sensitivity and 64% specificity. Conclusion: It is still an important issue to determine the most appropriate level and preconceptional starting and the appropriate dose for maximum benefit for mother and baby, especially in the reproductive period and pregnant. Therefore, large-scale randomized controlled studies of high quality are needed.
Non-small cell cancer of the lung metastasized to the central nervous system presenting with drop foot: a case report
Authors: Doğan Murat
Published: February 2023

Drop foot usually presents as lumbar discopathy or peripheral nerve lesion. There may be many causes in the etiology of foot drop, which is rarely reported in upper motor nerve lesions. In this case report, a 59-year-old patient with lung cancer whose only symptom was drop foot was presented. In the patient's anamnesis, physical examination and imaging methods, we were guided by a central cause. As a result, it was concluded that although the etiology of foot drop is mostly due to peripheral lesions, central causes should not be ignored.
La inteligencia artificial se subasta en Christie’s y Sotheby’s. ¿Hacia un nuevo concepto de autor en el derecho de la propiedad intelectual?
Authors: Carballo-Calero Pablo Fernández
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido un accésit del Premio «Estudios Financieros» 2020 en la modalidad de Derecho Civil y Mercantil.
Es un hecho que la inteligencia artificial, gracias al imparable desarrollo de la tecnología y la ciencia, está en condiciones de crear obras susceptibles de protección por la propiedad intelectual. Sin embargo, la tutela de los resultados generados por las máquinas inteligentes a través del citado sector del ordenamiento está en tela de juicio. En todo caso, el desembarco de la inteligencia artificial en un ámbito tradicionalmente reservado a las personas físicas constituye una realidad que ha de abordarse.
La decisión de proteger a las obras generadas por inteligencia artificial apunta directamente al corazón de los fundamentos de la propiedad intelectual. Con la finalidad de arrojar algo de luz sobre una cuestión novedosa y no resuelta, el presente trabajo distingue entre las obras de arte desarrolladas por las máquinas de forma autónoma de aquellas en las que el factor humano resulta relevante en la consecución del resultado. El análisis efectuado nos llevará a decidir, en última instancia, si las nuevas reglas del juego exigen una reformulación del concepto de autor, si los resultados generados por la inteligencia artificial resultan extraños al ámbito de la propiedad intelectual o si, finalmente, es posible una confluencia que permita observar a las máquinas inteligentes como aliadas en el proceso creativo.
La controvertida injerencia del Ejecutivo en la labor legislativa durante el insólito ciclo político 2015-2019
Authors: Parra Gómez David
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido un accésit del Premio «Estudios Financieros» 2020 en la modalidad de Constitucional y Administrativo.
La fraccionada composición que, con carácter general, presentan los parlamentos españoles (Cortes Generales y asambleas de las comunidades autónomas) como consecuencia de las distintas elecciones celebradas desde el 2015, marcada por el descenso de los dos grandes partidos mayoritarios y la irrupción de nuevas formaciones políticas, determinantes en muchos casos de la gobernabilidad, ha afectado profundamente a todas las funciones parlamentarias y, muy particularmente, a la potestad legislativa, hasta el punto de poder afirmar que el desencuentro –cuando no el directo enfrentamiento– entre el Gobierno y el Parlamento se ha convertido, tanto en el ámbito estatal como en el autonómico, en la regla general del quehacer legislativo. De las tendencias provocadas por el insólito contexto multipartidista en la práctica legislativa española destacan, por su indudable impacto en el sistema de fuentes del derecho español, en el principio de división de poderes que sustenta el Estado de derecho e, incluso, en algunas garantías constitucionales básicas (como la tutela judicial efectiva o el derecho de los ciudadanos a participar en los asuntos públicos a través de representantes), el uso absolutamente desproporcionado –y, en ocasiones, para supuestos singulares– del decreto-ley por parte del Ejecutivo y el ejercicio por este, en contra de lo que venía siendo praxis parlamentaria, de su prerrogativa de veto presupuestario a proposiciones de ley de la oposición. Al análisis de estas dos significativas tendencias dedicamos la presente investigación.
Reestructuración, concurso y exoneración del deudor persona natural en 2020
Authors: Gómez Asensio Carlos
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el 1.er Premio «Estudios Financieros» 2020 en la modalidad de Derecho Civil y Mercantil.
El presente trabajo lleva a cabo un estudio del régimen legal de la reestructuración, concurso y exoneración del deudor persona natural desde una perspectiva dinámica que, partiendo del recentísimo texto refundido de la Ley concursal, analiza la evolución de la regulación de dichos institutos desde la ya decaída Ley concursal, incorpora la necesaria referencia a la normativa de carácter transitorio emanada del estado de alarma con incidencia en la materia, y termina con un análisis prospectivo del contenido de dicha regulación desde el horizonte de su modificación, en poco más de un año, con ocasión de la transposición de la Directiva europea sobre marcos de reestructuración preventiva y exoneración de deudas.
La materialización de una letra de cambio sobre blockchain: un examen desde la economía, el derecho y la tecnología
Authors: Fernández Herraiz Carlos , Esclapés Membrives Sara , Prado Domínguez Antonio Javier
Published: February 2023

En este trabajo los autores estudian de forma pormenorizada las implicaciones económicas, jurídicas y tecnológicas que tendría la emisión de una letra de cambio sobre blockchain. Se afirma que el empleo de blockchain hace posible impulsar la digitalización de la letra de cambio y garantizar sus propiedades económicas y jurídicas. El hilo conductor de la investigación es el poderoso argumento conceptual del libro mayor distribuido que tiene blockchain, y que permite estructurar el trabajo y obtener unas prometedoras y positivas conclusiones.
Tratamiento ilícito internacional de datos personales, Reglamento general de protección de datos y derecho internacional privado: cuestiones de competencia judicial internacional y de determinación de la ley aplicable
Authors: Ortega Giménez Alfonso
Published: February 2023

El flujo internacional de datos personales constituye un sector económico creciente que va adquiriendo gran fuerza comercial para las empresas; frente a la obtención o tratamiento ilícito de la información de naturaleza personal se debe proporcionar a su titular mecanismos de defensa adecuados y efectivos. En este contexto el Reglamento general de protección de datos de la UE ha traído consigo nuevas reglas de competencia judicial internacional, donde el sujeto puede solicitar las correspondientes acciones contra un responsable o encargado de tratamiento de datos ante los tribunales del Estado en el que el responsable tenga un establecimiento, o ante los tribunales del Estado donde el interesado tenga su residencia habitual. La primacía de la legislación de protección de datos se manifiesta en una limitada autonomía de la ley aplicable en una cláusula contractual, cuyas cláusulas pueden estar sujetas a las leyes de otro Estado según el Reglamento Roma I.
Evolución del derecho a la protección de datos y disrupción tecnológica: ¿estamos vallando el campo?
Authors: Simón Marco Jesús María
Published: February 2023

El derecho a la protección de datos personales ha evolucionado rápidamente desde su inexistencia a la compleja regulación actual. No obstante, las nuevas tecnologías suponen un auténtico reto para que dicho derecho pueda ser realmente una realidad, ya sea por la dificultad de proteger toda la información en el entorno de internet o por directamente tratarse de tecnologías que chocan frontalmente contra sus principios, como puede ser el blockchain y el principio de inmutabilidad sobre el que se construye.
La contratación verbal irregular. Un viejo problema ¿con nuevas soluciones?
Authors: Menéndez Sebastián Eva María
Published: February 2023

La Administración recurre a procedimientos de revisión de oficio, en el mejor de los casos, o al reconocimiento extrajudicial de créditos, con la finalidad de abonar las facturas presentadas por supuestos «contratistas» con los que ha concertado prórrogas ilegales de contratos anteriores o contratación verbal de nuevas prestaciones. Se trata de analizar cuál de las opciones es la legalmente correcta y a qué figura responde el pago a que alude el artículo 42 de la Ley de Contratos del Sector Público.
La configuración del derecho de huelga en España: especial atención al esquirolaje «tecnológico»
Authors: Criado Martos Elena
Published: February 2023

El presente artículo es la elaboración de un estudio jurisprudencial cuyo objeto es conocer la figura del esquirolaje «tecnológico» dentro del ámbito del derecho a huelga. Este fenómeno de reciente aparición y ligero estudio ha provocado que los distintos tribunales varíen sus decisiones y que no haya una línea clara de lo que es y de lo que supone. Se analizarán cuestiones en relación con los límites del derecho a la huelga, las modalidades de esquirolaje, con especial referencia al «interno» y al «tecnológico», su estudio jurisprudencial, la importancia de las nuevas tecnologías en el trabajo y su afectación a la huelga y los cauces de acción jurídica de los trabajadores. Todo ello de conformidad al marco legal y jurisprudencial existente en España. Como conclusión, observaremos la inseguridad jurídica que existe en torno a esta figura.