bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Monitoring of Clinician-Patient Video Visits During the Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Adoption and Sustained Challenges in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System
Authors: Palakshappa Jessica A , Hale Erica R , Brown Joshua D , Kittel Carol A , Dressler Emily , Rosenthal Gary E , Cutrona Sarah L , Foley Kristie L , Haines Emily R , Houston II Thomas K
Published: April 2024

Background

Numerous prior opinion papers, administrative electronic health record data studies, and cross-sectional surveys of telehealth during the pandemic have been published, but none have combined assessments of video visit success monitoring with longitudinal assessments of perceived challenges to the rapid adoption of video visits during the pandemic.

Objective

This study aims to quantify (1) the use of video visits (compared with in-person and telephone visits) over time during the pandemic, (2) video visit successful connection rates, and (3) changes in perceived video visit challenges.

Methods

A web-based survey was developed for the dual purpose of monitoring and improving video visit implementation in our health care system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey included questions regarding rates of in-person, telephone, and video visits for clinician-patient encounters; the rate of successful connection for video visits; and perceived challenges to video visits (eg, software, hardware, bandwidth, and technology literacy). The survey was distributed via email to physicians, advanced practice professionals, and clinicians in May 2020. The survey was repeated in March 2021. Differences between the 2020 and 2021 responses were adjusted for within-respondent correlation across surveys and tested using generalized estimating equations.

Results

A total of 1126 surveys were completed (511 surveys in 2020 and 615 surveys in 2021). In 2020, only 21.7% (73/336) of clinicians reported no difficulty connecting with patients during video visits and 28.6% (93/325) of clinicians reported no difficulty in 2021. The distribution of the percentage of successfully connected video visits (“Over the past two weeks of scheduled visits, what percentage did you successfully connect with patients by video?”) was not significantly different between 2020 and 2021 (P=.74). Challenges in conducting video visits persisted over time. Poor connectivity was the most common challenge reported by clinicians. This response increased over time, with 30.5% (156/511) selecting it as a challenge in 2020 and 37.1% (228/615) in 2021 (P=.01). Patients not having access to their electronic health record portals was also a commonly reported challenge (109/511, 21.3% in 2020 and 137/615, 22.3% in 2021, P=.73).

Conclusions

During the pandemic, our health care delivery system rapidly adopted synchronous patient-clinician communication using video visits. As experience with video visits increased, the reported failure rate did not significantly decline, and clinicians continued to report challenges related to general network connectivity and patient access to technology.
Shaping Adoption and Sustained Use Across the Maternal Journey: Qualitative Study on Perceived Usability and Credibility in Digital Health Tools (Preprint)
Authors: Ng Wei Ying , Lau Ni Yin , Lee V Vien , Vijayakumar Smrithi , Leong Qiao Ying , Ooi Shu Qin Delicia , Su Lin Lin , Lee Yung Seng , Chan Shiao-Yng , Blasiak Agata , Ho Dean
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Maternal and child health outcomes are positively influenced by early intervention, and digital health (DH) tools provide the potential for a low-cost and scalable solution such as informational platforms or digital tracking tools. Despite the wide availability of DH tools out there for women from before to after pregnancy, user engagement remains low.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the factors that shape women’s DH adoption and sustained use across the maternal journey from preconception to postbirth, to improve user engagement with DH tools.

METHODS

One-hour semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 44 women from before to after pregnancy (age range 21-40 years) about their experiences with DH. This study is part of a larger study on women’s maternal experiences with health care and DH and focuses on the factors that affected women’s DH adoption and sustained use. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Five main themes and 10 subthemes were identified that affected women’s adoption and sustained use of DH tools. These included themes on their preexisting attitudes to DH, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived credibility, and perceived value of the tool.

CONCLUSIONS

The themes that emerged were fully or partially mapped according to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 model. The applicability of the model and the need to consider specific cultural nuances in the Asian context (such as the importance of trust and social influence) are discussed. The interaction of the 5 themes with DH adoption and sustained use are explored with different themes being relevant at various points of the DH adoption journey. The insights gained serve to inform future DH design and implementation of tools for women to optimize their DH engagement and the benefits they derive from it.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05099900; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05099900
Experience of using different schemes of eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection and their effectiveness in Ukraine
Authors: Chernyavskyi V.V. , Pavlovskyi L.L. , Reshotko D.O.
Published: April 2024

Background. The resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) to antibacterial drugs has increased in recent years. This is primarily due to the unwarranted use of antibiotics, as demonstra­ted by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The choice of the optimal regimen and duration of treatment are current issues today. The aim: retrospective study on the effectiveness of 14-day H.pylori eradication regimens used in 2022–2023 and comparison of their effectiveness and safety with those of 10-day regimens used in 2020–2021 in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The data of 242 patients (123 men and 119 women) aged 18 to 65 years with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer of the duodenum and stomach associated with H.pylori were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were treated with standard regimens according to the Maastricht V and VI Consensus. H.pylori infection was confirmed by a rapid urease test, determination of fecal antigen and histologically. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that 10-day regimens with triple therapy had an efficiency of 80–81 %. The effectiveness of a 14-day triple therapy with esomeprazole and lansoprazole was significantly higher compared to a 10-day regimen, 85 and 86 %, respectively (p < 0.05). Howe­ver, the frequency of side effects was higher with a 14-day therapy. A 10-day triple regimen with levofloxacin compared to a standard 10-day triple therapy had the lowest efficacy of 78 %. But when levofloxacin therapy was increased to 14 days, its effectiveness became comparable to that of a 14-day triple therapy, 85 %. The highest efficiency was demonstrated by a 10-day and 14-day therapy with furazolidone, which was added to amoxicillin and levofloxacin: 95 and 97.8%, respectively. Conclusions. The effectiveness of schemes with clarithromycin in Ukraine remains high. Taking drugs for 14 days increases the percentage of H.pylori eradication and the frequency of unwanted effects. Addition of furazolidone to levofloxacin and amo­xicillin increases the rate of successful H.pylori eradication.
Oxidative stress as one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Faiura O.P. , Tolopko S.Y. , Abrahamovych M.O. , Ferko M.R. , Bilous Z.O. , Guta S.I. , Abrahamovych O.O.
Published: April 2024

Background. Hepatopulmonary syndrome is one of the most dangerous syntropies in case of liver cirrhosis. Consequently, it is important to determine the role of oxidative stress, acid-base balance and ventilation-perfusion disorders as factors of hepatopulmonary syndrome development in cirrhotic patients. Materials and methods. We included 44 cirrhotic patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome verified according to the patented Method for diagnosing degrees of hepatopulmonary syndrome severity in patients with liver cirrhosis. In addition to the traditional examinations, we determined the gas composition parameters in venous blood, acid-base balance parameters, catalase activity and malondialdehyde level in all the patients. The received material was processed on a personal computer using Excel 2010, Statistica 6.0, RStudio v. 1.1.442 and R Commander v. 2.4-4. Results. Analysis of blood gas parameters revealed the reliability of the difference for PCO2 (р = 0.03) depending on the class of liver cirrhosis severity. Also, with the liver cirrhosis severity increase, the malondialdehyde level increased, and catalase decreased. Moreover, significant inverse relationships between malondialdehyde content and PCO2 (p = 0.039), HCO3 (p = 0.039), TCO2 (p = 0.036), Beb (p = 0.049), BEecf (p = 0.043) were found resulting in hypocapnia and partially compensated metabolic acidosis. The found direct correlation between malondialdehyde level and AaDO2 (p = 0.044) indicates the arteriovenous pulmonary shunts, ventilation-perfusion disorders. The absence of catalase content changes can obviously be explained by the fact that its activity can be partially compensatory maintained. Conclusions. In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, the peroxidation activity enhances with an increase in the liver cirrhosis severity, resulting in the redox homeostasis imbalance, leading to the ventilation-perfusion disorders and partially compensated metabolic acidosis.
Modern management of patients with intestinal diseases. Analysis of clinical cases
Authors: Stepanov Yu.M. , Budzak I.Y. , Shevtsova Z.I. , Dovganyuk I.E.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the clinical experience of treating patients with various intestinal diseases in combination with other pathologies. Three cases of management of patients with different nosological forms of intestinal diseases are given: ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease. Features of the course of diseases, an examination algorithm using modern innovative techno­logies and comprehensive treatment are presented. This contributed to positive dynamics and improvement of the quality of life of patients.
Body Writing and Identity Construction of Clones in Ishiguro Kazuo’s Science Fiction Novel Never Let Me Go
Authors: NIE Zesen , CUI Dan
Published: April 2024

Never Let Me Go is a science fiction novel written by Japanese-English author Kazuo Ishiguro (1954-) as a representative Nobel Prize winner in literature. This work has attracted a wide range of attention to the ethical issues related to the heated topic of cloning. The novel focuses on the body writing, through which Ishiguro portrays the clone’s physical health conditions, organ donation, existence of soul, and ultimately, the clone’s demise, in order to depict the difficulties the clones face in finding their place in human society. Such a profound exploration represents one of the major ethical issues coexisting with the anxiety caused with the cloning technology throughout human life.
Research on Non-Native Speakers' Motivation in Chinese Language Learning: A Review and Reflection—A Statistical Analysis Based on Academic Journal Papers (1997-2023)
Authors: Xinyu Liu , Wei Chen
Published: April 2024

This study adopts the scope review method to search for relevant studies on non-native speakers' motivation to learn Chinese in the SSCI, CSSCI and Peking University Core Thesis Database, and combs and analyses the obtained literature from the perspectives of general trend, research object, research method and research content, pointing out the deficiencies of the current studies and suggesting suggestions for the future researches. The results of the analysis show that although the number of studies in this field is relatively abundant, the scope of research objects is narrow, the breadth of research perspectives is insufficient, the research method is relatively single, and there are certain research gap areas. Based on the above findings, the author makes corresponding suggestions for future research.
Guardians of E-Commerce: Harnessing NLP and Machine Learning Approaches for Analyzing Product Sentiments in Online Business in Nigeria
Authors: Nkemdilim Mbeledogu Njideka , Michael Ogbu Ikechukwu
Published: April 2024

In today’s e-commerce in Nigeria, customers access online stores to browse through and place orders for products or services via the internet on their devices while some are skeptical due to the experiences from what I ordered versus what I got syndrome. Though this method of business has flourished to an extent, it greatly faces a crucial challenge in unravelling consumer’s sentiments particularly in the realm of product reviews. This deficiency inhibits most e-commerce platforms in Nigeria from gaining effective sensitivity into users’ preferences, thus, limiting their ability to boost their product recommendations and, understand and improve customers’ experiences. This research aims to bridge this gap by developing a sentiment analyzer of product in the e-commerce domain using Natural language processing and machine learning approach. The model will analyze the customers’ reviews based on positive or negative. The experimental data was collected from kaggle.com. Stemming and lemmatization were approaches used for cleaning the collected data. Features were extracted and transformed using CountVectorizer. Gaussian Naïve Bayes classifier was used as the machine learning technique. The model’s performance was evaluated and it returned 90% of accuracy, hence, an efficient and reliable model for product review sentiment analysis is developed.
Productivity of Arabica Coffee in Brawijaya University’s Agroforestry
Authors: Permanasari Paramyta Nila , Wicaksono Karuniawan Puji , Saitama Akbar , Kusuma Bayu Adi , Bamratama Muhammad Rafi
Published: April 2024

Agroforestry is an agricultural system that combines annual crops with various woody or annual plants. The research carried out in arabica coffee agroforestry of Brawijaya University’s forest with pines as shading plant. Differences in management mechanisms result in differences in arabica coffee production and environmental conditions in the four pine-arabica coffee agroforestry management models in UB forests. The research’s purpose is to analyze production and biodiversity of arabica coffee in UB forests. Based on the results, it can be concluded that different levels of cultivation management have a significant influence on productive branches, number of unproductive branches, branch length, number of clusters each branch, and harvest yield. The average harvest yield BMP treatment was 3473.39 g each plant. The total diversity index value of understorey plants in UB Forest's coffee and pine agroforestry ranges from 1.4 – 2 (the diversity index values obtained for each plot from LC, MC, HC, and BMP management were (1.4), (1.52), (1.73), and (2.02)) with the value of H'= 1 – 3.322 (Shannon-Wiener diversity index). This result indicated that vegetation especially understorey diversity is classified as moderate.
Impact of Climate Variation on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) based on Climate Projections until 2100
Authors: Hariyono Didik , Rochadi Abigail Kartika , Misnawati Misnawati
Published: April 2024

One of the challenges faced in cultivating potatoes is global warming, which has the potential to result in an increase in atmospheric temperatures, as well as changes in various climate variabilities that can affect the planting season, growth, and crop yields. This research aims to project an increase in atmospheric temperature until 2100 in two production center areas based on climate projection models in three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios, as well as projecting potato crop productivity in these two locations based on climate projection results. This research was carried out by examining climate variations at two location points, namely Tosari District and Poncokusumo District, and was conducted in May-October 2023. The tools used in this research included Microsoft Excel 2013, CORDEX, ArcMap 10.8, and NASA POWER software. The materials used include historical data on daily rainfall, daily minimum temperature, and daily maximum temperature, as well as potato productivity data from Tosari District and Poncokusumo District. Data analysis carried out in this research consisted of: 1) validation test of the climate projection model used, 2) projection of average rainfall and temperature, 3) multiple linear regression analysis to project potato crop productivity. The research results show that in the RCP 2.6 scenario, there is no pattern of increase in average atmospheric temperature until 2100, while there is a pattern of temperature increase of 0.41-1.21°C and 1.26-2.23°C in the RCP 4.5 scenario and RCP 8.5. There is an increase in potato plant productivity in Tosari District and Poncokusumo District based on productivity projections until 2100. Meanwhile, there is a decrease in potato plant productivity in Poncokusumo District in the RCP 2.6 and RCP 4.5 scenarios. Based on the RCP 8.5 scenario, there is a pattern of higher productivity increase in Poncokusumo District compared to Tosari District.
Unveiling the Gap: Exploring Gender Inequality in Economic Empowerment Across India
Authors: Veena R. Senthamizh
Published: April 2024

Gender inequality in economic empowerment remains a pervasive issue across the globe, manifesting in various forms such as unequal pay, limited access to economic resources, and disparities in employment opportunities and career advancement. This systemic imbalance stifles not only individual potential but also hampers overall economic growth and development. While this inequality exists universally, it is particularly pronounced in Indian society, rooted in deeply embedded cultural norms and historical gender roles. Traditionally, women's subordinate position has deprived them of asset ownership and participation in financial decision-making. Additionally, they have been denied employment opportunities and face discrimination in the labor market. These factors have led to a significant gender gap in economic participation at both household and societal levels. In this context, this study attempts to examine the gender inequality in economic empowerment in India through the lens of asset ownership, wage disparity, and labor force participation. This study is based on secondary data taken from the reports of the National Family Health Survey and the Periodic Labour Force Survey of the Government of India. The study found that, the female labour force participation rate was 46.2 per cent less than the male labour force participation rate and on an average, women earned Rs. 136.32 less than men in daily wage earnings. The study concludes that addressing gender inequality in economic empowerment requires a comprehensive approach at the policy, organizational, and societal level, including implementing and enforcing gender-sensitive labor laws, promoting equal pay for equal work, and providing affordable childcare and parental leave to level the playing field.
INTEGRATING NATION’S FOUR STRANDS IN TEACHING LEGAL ENGLISH VOCABULARY TO AROUSE LEARNERS’ INTEREST - AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AT HANOI LAW UNIVERSITY
Authors: Huong Lan Nguyen Thi
Published: April 2024

Contemporary researches on vocabulary acquisition have equipped teachers with countless diverse approaches to motivate their learners to enrich and retain their in-class taught terms. Nonetheless, employing these designed methods into teaching practices has not drawn up many teachers’ attention. In order to facilitate the teachers’ vocabulary teaching, Nation (2007a) introduced a method called The Four Strands. The paper aims to examine whether integrating the Four Stands into Legal English classes will waken students’ enjoyment of Legal English vocabulary learning or not. Therewith, it reveals students’ memorizing capability in legal English terms after a 7-week period. Two batches of juniors at Hanoi Law University in Vietnam were involved in the experimentation: One labelled the treatment group (N=30) and the other marked the control one (N=30). Survey questionnaires were used to figure out students’ awareness of necessity of legal English vocabulary learning and obstacles they faced as well. Besides, pre-test and post-test, and semi-structured interview were also imposed to collect data. The two first instruments illustrated that the experimental group outperformed the control group. Meanwhile, the third one was to measure students’ interest in the treatment group in legal English classes where the Four Strands principle used. The outcomes demonstrated that population in the treatment group showed more delectation in picking up legal English terms and their ability of retaining the words is more excellent than those in the control one, which was witnessed by scores of the two post-tests.
THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL ROLE OF THE ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES PRACTITIONER IN TODAY’S CHANGING SOCIETIES: VOICES FROM AROUND THE GLOBE
Authors: Kakoulli Constantinou Elis
Published: April 2024

English is one of the most widely taught languages not only in Europe but across the globe, being the language of international communication, science and technology. It is nowadays an integral part of Higher Education curricula in many countries, as English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is considered essential for the acquisition and development of students’ employability skills. Simultaneously, the economic, political, social and technological developments occurring during the last decades have made the role of the ESP practitioner more complex and important at the same time. Nevertheless, issues related to the role, needs and duties of the ESP practitioners have not been adequately explored by researchers in the field. This paper focuses on the multifaceted role of the ESP practitioner stemming from the specialised needs of learners and the multiple duties they are expected to perform. More specifically, the paper reports on the results of a Technical Action Research study conducted with 24 English language educators across the globe, who wished to receive education on issues pertaining to ESP teaching methodology or update their knowledge on the latest development in ESP teaching practices. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, field notes, reflective journals, comments on an online platform and focus groups/interviews. The results shed light on the profiles of ESP practitioners, their duties and teaching contexts, the challenges they face, and their need to receive education on ESP issues.
LITERATURE STUDENTS’ MANUAL FOR EAP WRITING: A SURVEY OF INTERPRETATIVE PRACTICES AND MOVEMENTS IN LITERARY CRITICISM
Authors: Kalicanin Milena , Budimski Marija
Published: April 2024

The practice of teaching Methodology of scientific research, the obligatory course for PhD literature students of Foreign Philology at the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš, has showed that one of the frequent shortcomings in the process of creating a well-equipped literary scholar represents the lack of adequate knowledge regarding the mere purpose of literary criticism, its interpretative practices, methods and movements. Thus, the most important task of a literary instructor is to offer basic scientific insights into the previously mentioned matter, establish firm initial grounds and prepare students for further acquisition of diverse literary specificities. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to offer a brief survey of methods and movements in literary criticism that may serve as a starting point in the critical analysis of a literary work. Before focusing on the survey itself, diverse definitions of literary criticism are presented in the first part of the article. In the next segment, four most common interpretative practices in literary criticism (close reading, contextual analysis, the application of a critical approach, and social critique) are discussed. The last part of the article depicts and shortly explains some major contemporary schools of critical analysis, most frequently used in literature courses at the university level. The theoretical framework of the study relies on the valuable insights mainly of Rapaport, and then Richards, Brooks, Warren, Selden, Widdowson and Brooker. We finally argue that the obtained theoretical knowledge of literary criticism particularities represents a solid ground for developing an analytic apparatus for EAP writing.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Improve Banking Services in India: A Review and Prospects for the Future
Authors: Shakyawar Mragank , Shakya Kanchan
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Across the globe, artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the financial industry, and India is no exception. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are transforming a number of banking services, including customer care, risk management, fraud detection, and personalized financial advice. These innovations are attributed to the development of sophisticated machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and data analytics. This study offers a thorough analysis of how artificial intelligence (AI) is enhancing banking services in India, looking at the prospects, obstacles, and state of the industry now.We highlight the most important AI applications in Indian banking, including chatbots for customer service, predictive analytics for credit scoring, and algorithmic trading for investment management, through a review of recent research articles, industry reports, and case studies. We also go over the ethical issues, legal framework, and possible societal repercussions of AI use in the Indian banking industry. In conclusion, we provide perspectives on forthcoming patterns and avenues for investigation to fully leverage artificial intelligence in augmenting banking amenities and promoting financial inclusivity in India.
Fake Currency Detection System
Authors: Sri S. Udaya , Akash B. , Khajuria Vivek , Skandha S. Siva
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This project aims to develop a robust fake currency detection system leveraging image processing and machine learning techniques. Data cleaning involves image quality enhancement and handling of torn or dirty notes. The experimental setup includes a digital camera in a controlled lighting environment to capture currency images. MATLAB is used for software setup due to its extensive libraries. The algorithm involves pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification using machine learning algorithmslike decision trees or SVM. Continual model learning ensures adaptation to emerging counterfeit techniques. This system promises effective counterfeit detection with ongoing refinement, enhancing financial security.
Smart Agriculture Automation System using ML
Authors: Nikam Prof. D. A. , Bujare Mr. Harshad M. , Gavali Mr. Sujay P. , Patil Mr. Akash M. , Konuri Mr. Prajwal T. , Desai Miss. Shrawani B.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The "Smart Agriculture Automation System using Machine Learning" project envisages a future where farming transcends manual labor and embraces data-driven automation. In response to the escalating demand for food amidst a burgeoning global population, traditional farming methods are rendered insufficient. However, Smart Agriculture Automation Systems offer a transformative solution by enhancing crop production efficiency and maintaining yield quality. Climate changeinduced challenges such as erratic weather patterns and heightened pest attacks further underscore the necessity for innovation in agriculture. At the heart of this system lies real-time sensor data, enabling precision farming practices that optimize resource utilization while fostering environmental sustainability. Leveraging Machine Learning algorithms, the system not only predicts and mitigates agricultural challenges but also detects early signs of crop diseases and nutrient deficiencies. This proactive approach ensures higher yields minimizes manual tasks and minimizes wastage. The integration of IoT technology enables remote monitoring and seamless data exchange, unlocking capabilities such as precise crop prediction, weather forecasting, and fertilizer recommendations. By analyzing historical data alongside current environmental factors, these systems accurately forecast crop yields and offer insights for informed decision-making in planting and harvesting cycles. Smart Agriculture Automation Systems embody adaptability, sustainability, and accessibility, heralding a new era of intelligent and efficient modern farming. This project integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and an innovative marketplace to revolutionize the agricultural landscape. Through this system, we aim to empower farmers with data-driven insights,
Uptime Monitoring and Reporting Strategies: A Case Study
Authors: Pandya Mit Yogeshkumar
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In today's digital landscape, the uninterrupted availability of services is critical for businesses to uphold customer satisfaction and maintain their competitive edge. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for constructing an Uptime Monitoring System tailored specifically for a leading enterprise. By harnessing technologies such as Angular.js, Node.js, Express.js, and MSSQL, the system ensures real-time monitoring of service availability, drawing on data from Zabbix production servers. This proactive approach not only minimizes downtime but also optimizes operational efficiency, enabling businesses to make informed decisions swiftly, thereby enhancing overall reliability and service excellence. Through the integration of cuttingedge technologies and proactive monitoring strategies, this paper offers a transformative solution for businesses seeking to elevate their service reliability. This abstract serves as a concise summary of the paper's content, highlighting the key technologies employed, methodological approaches adopted, and the resultant benefits achieved in terms of reliability and operational efficiency.
Paddy Crop Disease Detection Using Machine Learning
Authors: Rao K. Deepa
Published: April 2024

Abstract: India has risen as a significant player in earlier years, the world’s second-largest producer of paddy, yielding approximately 497.7 million metric tons annualy. Sustaining vast paddy fields demand ongoing attention and upkeep. It is critical to recognize the symptoms and understand how this can effectively control the disease. Therefore, inspired by this research paper, a solution is suggested to train machine learning for identify diseases in paddy plants. The system utilizes rea;- time datasets sourced from the Agriculture Research Institute of Lonavala, which are freely accessible. This system can be used for identification purposes four major paddy plant diseases -Leaf Blast, Leaf Scald, Neck Blast and False smut. This Proposed system, first images are pre-processed and then the custom Convolution Neural Network is used to arranging the images. This project work discusses the methodology for disease identifying diseased leaves at an early At this stage, the suggested automated system can assist farmers in mitigating further harm to their crops.
High Performance M-Term Karatsuba-Like Multiplier for Finite Field Arithmetic
Authors: Sai M. Devendra
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Finite field multiplication plays a crucial role in cryptographic circuits due to its widespread application. However, building circuits for these multiplications poses significant challenges due to their complexity. To mitigate this, the Karatsuba algorithm is employed, dividing each number into n/2 bits to reduce space complexity. While this approach reduces space complexity, it also increases time complexity. In our research, we introduce a hybrid approach, implementing a Karatsuba-like multiplier that combines elements of both Karatsuba and SBM (school book multiplication) techniques. Here in the proposed design, we replace the Array multiplier with a Wallace tree multiplier to further enhance design performance. This combination effectively reduces both time and space complexity. Our findings, based on reported device utilization and latency, demonstrate that the proposed multiplier outperforms the standard Karatsuba multiplier in terms of speed and efficiency, particularly in the area–delay product metric.
Exploring the Use of Derivatives to Manage Financial Risks
Authors: Singh Dr Shyamsunder S , Dave Priyal , Singh Priya , Tiwari Ashutosh , Bhimra Rohit
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This research paper aims to investigate the use of derivatives in managing financial risks, with a special focus on the infrastructure sector. The study analyzes the positions taken by buyers in future and option contracts to mitigate risk exposure. The research period spans 28 days and focuses on three prominent companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE): Larsen & Toubro Ltd, JSW Steel Ltd, and JMR Airports Infrastructure Ltd. The paper examines the profit and loss outcomes of derivative positions and evaluates their effectiveness in managing financial risks in the infrastructure sector.
Síndrome de burnout, conflitos, trabalho emocional: perfil discriminante entre líderes e liderados
Authors: Engers Taube Michele , Carlotto Mary Sandra , Gonçalves Câmara Sheila
Published: April 2024

Trabalhadores, tanto líderes como liderados, têm sido expostos a diversos estressores ocupacionais que, quando persistentes, podem ocasionar a síndrome de burnout. O estudo teve como objetivo explorar a diferença entre o grupo de trabalhadores líderes e liderados no que diz respeito às dimensões da síndrome de burnout (ilusão pelo trabalho, desgaste psíquico, indolência, culpa), Conflito no trabalho (conflito cognitivo com foco na tarefa, conflito emocional com foco na tarefa, conflito emocional com   foco no relacionamento) e Trabalho emocional (demanda, dissonância). A amostra foi constituída por 628 trabalhadores, 247 líderes e 381 liderados, que responderam ao Spanish Burnout Inventory, à Escala de Conflito Triplo, duas subescalas de Trabalho Emocional: Demanda emocional e Dissonância emocional e um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e laborais. Os dados foram analisados mediante análise discriminante. O perfil discriminante revelou que o grupo dos líderes se diferenciou por ter apresentado mais conflito emocional com foco na tarefa e demanda emocional; o grupo de liderados apresentou maior indolência, ilusão pelo trabalho e culpa. Os resultados possibilitam sugerir ações diferenciadas para os grupos investigados.
리더의 경계확장행위는 언제 그리고 어떻게 구성원의 직무성과를 높이는가? 이중 매개 메커니즘과 향상초점의 조절 효과
Authors:   Korean Academy of Leadership, Mah Sunghyuck , Lee Jihye , Cho Yoonju , Yun Seokhwa
Published: April 2024

Active resourcing and buffering across formal organizational boundaries are becoming increasingly important in today’s highly interconnected organizations. These boundary spanning activities can be particularly effective and successful when performed by leaders who can leverage formal authority and networks to cross these boundaries. In this context, we highlight the benefits of leader boundary spanning behavior, focusing on their influence on task performance within leader-follower dyads. Drawing on Job Demands-Resources theory, we propose that personal resources, both cognitive (i.e., self-efficacy) and socio-emotional (i.e., psychological safety), augmented by boundary spanning leaders, serve to enhance follower task performance. Furthermore, we propose that the effects of leader boundary spanning behavior will be more pronounced for followers with high promotion focus, as the work environment fostered by boundary spanning leaders will be more consistent with their regulatory fit. Results from an empirical investigation of 694 leader-follower dyads largely confirm our moderated mediation model. By extending beyond existing team-level findings, we elucidate the theoretical and managerial implications of leader boundary spanning behavior at the individual level and within the dyadic framework.
Good practices and educational innovation for improving well-being of migrant and refugee children. Insights from the IMMERSE H2020 research project
Authors: Fabretti Valeria , Ordónez-Carabaño Ángela , Lonardi Michela , Taviani Silvia
Published: April 2024

The term “good practice” refers to an innovative and creative solution crafted to enhance the living conditions and, consequently, the well-being of individuals and communities. However, this concept is profoundly contextual. A project, process, or outcome can be deemed “good” or “innovative” only concerning a particular context and its capacity to meet a specific need. Hence, adopting and adapting a good practice originating from elsewhere to a new context must be approached on a case-by-case basis. This article outlines the methodology utilized to analyse the good practices gathered at the European level within the Horizon 2020 IMMERSE research project. In this study, we have combined the primary indicators of migrant and refugee children integration with the conventional criteria for identifying a good practice (such as efficacy, efficiency, and transferability) to identify exemplary practices. Ultimately, the article offers an empirical evaluation to underscore and scrutinize some of the most pertinent initiatives identified, intending to propose a series of policy recommendations geared towards enhancing well-being and fostering successful pathways for the integration of migrant and refugee children.
Emotional and relational realms of unaccompanied migrant adolescents: an approach to their lived experiences
Authors: Rodríguez-Ventosa Herrera Elena , Muñoz San Roque Isabel , Roldán Franco María Angustias
Published: April 2024

After the arrivals of unaccompanied migrant adolescents to Spain reached their peak in 2018, the trends have varied in the last few years, significantly decreasing in 2019 and slowly starting to increase again in 2020. These adolescents represent one of the most vulnerable groups due to their unique characteristics closely linked with the stressors encountered in their migratory process and the host society. All these experiences have been found to affect their well-being in different domains; however, very little is known about their perception of the matter, which is critical to understanding their needs and perspectives.
This paper aims to look into the lived experiences of these children and how this process has affected their relational and emotional spheres, which are paramount to their development, especially during adolescence. These experiences were gathered using qualitative methodology consisting of interviews and focus groups conducted in a reception centre for unaccompanied migrant children in Catalonia. The view of these children is enriched with the contributions of the staff working in the reception centre. Analysis of the verbatims yielded six main topics revolving around frustrated expectations, obtention of legal documents, freedom, contact with the Spanish society, family and mental health. These are discussed considering how they affect emotional and relational well-being in the three stages of the migration process.
Crisis, transformaciones sociales e incertidumbre
Authors: Sádaba Rodríguez Igor , Santiago José
Published: April 2024

Las diversas oleadas de crisis que han afectado a la sociedad española desde el 2007 han traído consigo profundos cambios sociales todavía no del todo analizados. Cada una de esas olas ha tenido su particularidad y ha incidido más en unos aspectos que en otros (económicos, laborales, sanitarios, de seguridad o relaciones internacionales, de relaciones personales o familiares, etc.). Sin embargo, fruto de la concatenación de todas ellas, la sociedad española ha experimentado intensas transformaciones, ya sean compartidas con otras sociedades de nuestro entorno globalizado o con perfiles más singulares a causa de nuestro particular contexto socio-histórico. En este monográfico, nos proponemos estudiar algunas de esas alteraciones sociales tanto a través de reflexiones más generales como de estudios de caso más particulares. El propósito de este volumen es aportar una serie de materiales sociológicos de calado sobre la época crítica y postpandémica que vivimos, marcada por la crisis, el cambio social y una creciente incertidumbre.
Evaluación de un programa Housing First: buscando una solución viable para transformar la vida de las personas sin hogar
Authors: Martín-Fernández Juan-Ángel , Panadero Herrero Sonia , Martínez-Cantos José-Luis
Published: April 2024

En las últimas tres décadas la metodología Housing First se ha extendido desde Norteamérica a otros países. En 2014 se puso en marcha en España —cuando el país todavía estaba sumido en una profunda crisis económica— el programa Hábitat siguiendo ese modelo. Este estudio forma parte de la evaluación socioeconómica llevada a cabo entre 2015 y 2020 mediante un ensayo controlado aleatorizado. El grupo de tratamiento se comparó con un grupo de control haciendo un seguimiento de su evolución a lo largo de 18 meses. Comprobamos que logró mejoras significativas en la mayoría de áreas analizadas, más allá de los servicios específicos de vivienda. Respecto a los costes, resulta evidente que el programa supone una gran inversión en términos de vivienda, pero consigue compensar algunos gastos en otros apartados y, sobre todo, genera mejoras muy valiosas en las personas participantes. Para finalizar nuestro artículo, discutimos el alcance de estos resultados y reflexionamos sobre las limitaciones a superar en próximas evaluaciones de intervenciones similares.
Especies de caballito de mar (Syngnathidae, Hippocampus) de México: Estado de conservación y oportunidades futuras
Authors: Nájera-Medellín Jesús Alejandro , Quiñónez-Martínez Miroslava , Díaz-Gaxiola Jesús Manuel , Santos-Fita Dídac , Narchi Nemer E. , Corral-Avitia Alba Yadira
Published: April 2024

Los caballitos de mar (género Hippocampus Rafinesque, 1810) son un grupo de peces óseos distribuidos en aguas marinas cálidas y templadas alrededor del mundo. Actualmente se encuentran bajo presión antropogénica derivada de la destrucción y modificación del hábitat, así como por su explotación comercial para fines alimenticios, medicinales (sobre todo en Asia) y de acuacultura, lo que ha llevado a una disminución drástica de las poblaciones silvestres. En México, se encuentran distribuidas cuatro especies de caballitos de mar (H. erectus, H. ingens, H. reidi, H. zosterae), sin embargo, aún se desconocen varios aspectos biológicos-ecológicos. A pesar de estar protegidas por normatividad nacional e internacional, las poblaciones en vida libre se ven afectadas por la pesca incidental (principalmente por la industria camaronera y de escama) y pesca furtiva. La presente revisión describe información referente a parámetros biológicos, poblacionales, aprovechamiento, comercialización y usos de las cuatro especies de Hippocampus presentes en México. La finalidad última es consignar las bases para futuros programas de conservación enfocados en estos peces.
Fatty acid profile, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of seaweeds in Salinas Bay, Ecuador
Authors: D’Armas Haydelba , Jaramillo-Jaramillo Carmita , D’Armas Mayra , Ordaz-González Gabriel José
Published: April 2024

The coastal waters of Ecuador have emerged as a favorable environment for the growth and development of several species of edible macroalgae or seaweeds. In this study, fatty acid profiles, total soluble polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity of seven species of macroalgae (four red algae, two brown algae and one green algae) collected from Salinas Bay, Santa Elena Province, Ecuador, were evaluated. Saturated fatty acids C14:0, C15:0, C16:0 and C18:0 were found in almost all organisms, from which palmitic acid showed the highest proportion (10.7-37.1%). Green and brown seaweeds exhibited a major content of unsaturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acid composition was represented by several isomers of C16:1 and C18:1, mainly palmitoleic (3.0-6.6%) and oleic (0.8-11.1%) acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acid composition ranged from 5.47 to 26.61%, with ratios of total n-6/n-3 acids lower than 3.3. Linoleic (C18:2, n-6, 1.16-7.73%) and eicosapentaenoic (C22:5, EPA, n-3, 1.44-5.92%) acids were found in the majority of the seaweeds. The total polyphenol content of the seaweeds was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method (765 nm), and ranged from 147.28 to 1,062.20 mg equivalents of gallic acid (GAE) per 100 g of dry seaweed. The antioxidant capacity was determined by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (517 nm). Only Acanthophora spicifera, Spatoglossum schroederi, and Ulva lactuca showed good radical-scavenging (14.18-3,379.47 mg Trolox equivalents (TE) per 100 g of dry seaweed). The results confirm the potential use of macroalgae in the study area as an important source of nutritional compounds, especially brown and green algae, which could be a recommended food supplement even in the treatment of some diseases.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vitamin D status in adults
Authors: Chen Yanzhao , HuiLiu * , Yang Yang , Wang Peng , Kong Guilian
Published: April 2024

To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vitamin D status
among adults. A total of 1525 adults from Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital were included. The results revealed a significant difference in
overall 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels between 2022 (18.14, 13.78,
23.68) and 2023 (19.15, 14.88, 25.01, p=0.004). Notably, males exhibited
a substantial difference in 25(OH)D levels, with 18.01 (14.10, 23.53) in
2022 and 20.49 (16.11, 26.01) in 2023 (p<0.001). The
prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in 2022
(62%) compared to 2023 (54.9%, p=0.009), with males having higher
rates of deficiency (64.1% in 2022 and 47.2% in 2023). These findings
were supported by an independent cohort of 168 individuals tested in
both years, showing overall 25(OH)D levels of 20.73 ± 9.37 in 2022 and
22.28 ± 8.59 in 2023 (p=0.012), and vitamin D deficiency rates of 58.3%
in 2022 and 47.0% in 2023 (p=0.038). In the 40-49 age group, 25(OH)D
levels were significantly lower in 2022 (16.10, 12.41, 21.18) compared
to 2023 (18.28, 13.91, 23.86, p=0.005), with a higher vitamin D
deficiency rate in 2022 (72.8%) compared to 2023 (59.9%, p=0.02).
Furthermore, in April, May, and June, 2022, 25(OH)D levels were
significantly lower compared to 2023 (p<0.001,
p<0.002, p<0.001, respectively), accompanied by a
higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (p<0.001,
p<0.002, p<0.001, respectively). In conclusion, our
study findings indicate a substantial decline in vitamin D levels and an
elevated prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population,
with a particular emphasis on adult males, during the course of the
COVID-19 pandemic.