bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Malononitrile to Conformationally Restricted Dienones.
Authors: Hu Zhi‐Peng , Lou Chun‐Liang , Wang Jin‐Jia , Chen Chun‐Xia , Yan Ming
Published: August 2011

TUR promotes efficiently the conjugate addition of malononitrile and cyanoacetate to conformationally restricted dienones.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Access to Three Versatile Aminocoumarin‐Based Scaffolds Using Isocyanoacetate.
Authors: Shen Jingkang , et al. et al.
Published: August 2011

The reaction of salicyl aldehydes and 2‐hydroxyacetophenones with ethyl isocyanoacetate (II) leads to 3‐formamidocoumarin derivatives which can be treated with HCl to afford the free aminocoumarins.
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of 3‐Acetoacetyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one with Azanucleophilic Reagents.
Authors: Grigoryeva O. A. , Fedotova O. V. , Shkel A. A.
Published: August 2011

New heterocyclic systems are synthesized starting from title compound (I).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Solvent‐Free Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 9‐Aryl/Alkyl‐octahydroxanthene‐1,8‐diones.
Authors: Verma Girijesh K. , Raghuvanshi Keshav , Verma Rajiv K. , Dwivedi Pratibha , Singh M. S.
Published: August 2011

Both InCl3 and P2O5 can be used as catalysts for the synthesis of the title xanthenes (25 examples) from dimedone and aldehydes with comparable activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrically Substituted Bipyridines by Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Arylation of Pyridine N‐Oxides.
Authors: Duric Sasa , Tzschucke C. Christoph
Published: August 2011

A wide range of substituted pyridine N‐oxides undergoes a direct C—H arylation with 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐halopyridines affording 2,2′‐, 2,3′‐ and 2,4′‐bipyridine N‐oxides with moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Study of Bis‐perfluoropyridyl Bridged by 1,4 and 1,2 Dihydropyridine.
Authors: Ranjbar‐Karimi Reza , Mashak‐Shoshtari Mahtab , Hashemi‐Uderji Somayeh , Kia Reza
Published: August 2011

The reaction of pentafluoropyridine (I) with 2‐ and 4‐aminopyridines (II) and (IV) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical, Monosubstituted Bis‐terpyridine Derivatives via Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Li Jinghua , Sato Takashi , Li Hongfang , Higuchi Masayoshi
Published: August 2011

The title compounds (III) are synthesized by Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling of boronic ester (I) with bromides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of a Series of Phenyl 6‐(4‐Alkoxyphenyl)nicotinates.
Authors: Chia Win‐Long , Tsai Cheng‐Yao
Published: August 2011

5 New liquid crystals of type (III) are prepared with the ortho‐regioselective addition of Grignard reagents as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyridin‐2(1H)‐one Derivatives via Enamine Cyclization.
Authors: Chikhalikar Sandip , Bhawe Vijay , Ghotekar Bhausaheb , Jachak Madhukar , Ghagare Maruti
Published: August 2011

A new, simple, and efficient method to prepare 1,3,5‐trisubstituted pyridinones is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophile‐Driven Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Quinolines.
Authors: Ali Shaukat , Zhu Hai‐Tao , Xia Xiao‐Feng , Ji Ke‐Gong , Yang Yan‐Fang , Song Xian‐Rong , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: August 2011

An efficient and highly regioselective method to prepare 3‐iodoquinolines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Approach to 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinolin‐3(4H)‐imines via Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction of (E)‐2‐Ethynylphenylchalcone, Sulfonyl Azide and Amine.
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Ye Chao , Gao Liang , Wu Jie
Published: August 2011

A three‐component reaction is presented to give sulfonylated dihydroisoquinoline imine derivatives under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Recyclable Hybrid Nanocatalyst to Promote Enantioselective Radical Cascade Rearrangements of Enediynes.
Authors: Nechab Malek , Besson Eric , Campolo Damien , Perfetti Patricia , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Bloch Emily , Denoyel Renaud , Bertrand Michele P.
Published: August 2011

Mesoporous silica grafted with a tertiary amine is used as a basic nanocatalyst to promote in confined medium the diastereoselective cascade rearrangement of enediynes (I), (IV), and (VII) based on the phenomenon of memory of chirality.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted‐Octahydro‐3,6‐diazacarbazoles and Tetrasubstituted‐3,6‐diazacarbazoles via Double Pictet—Spengler Reaction.
Authors: Shumaila Abdullah M. A. , Puranik Vedavati G. , Kusurkar Radhika S.
Published: August 2011

A novel synthesis of tetrasubstituted 3,6‐diazacarbazoles of type (VII) involves a diastereoselective formation of the octahydro derivatives (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐4‐spiroindolinones by a Three‐Component Reaction of 5‐Aminopyrazoles, Isatin, and Cyclic β‐Diketones.
Authors: Quiroga Jairo , Portillo Sandra , Perez Alfredo , Galvez Jaime , Abonia Rodrigo , Insuasty Braulio
Published: August 2011

A simple protocol is developed for the title reaction with the advantages of mild conditions and simple work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Triflate Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoxime with Aryne.
Authors: Ren Hui , Luo Yong , Ye Shengqing , Wu Jie
Published: August 2011

The title reaction allows a new access to 2‐oxa‐6‐aza‐bicyclononadienes like (III), (V), and (VI) via tandem 6‐endo‐cyclization, [3 + 2] cycloaddition, and rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Functionalization of C6‐Arylpurines.
Authors: Guo Hai‐Ming , Rao Wei‐Hao , Niu Hong‐Ying , Jiang Li‐Li , Meng Ge , Jin Jia‐Jia , Yang Xi‐Ning , Qu Gui‐Rong
Published: August 2011

C6‐Modified purines can be obtained under Pd catalysis with purine serving as a directing group for the ortho C—H activation of the respective aryl group.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarboxylation of Olefins as a Direct Route to Bicyclic Oxazolidinones.
Authors: Borsini Elena , Broggini Gianluigi , Fasana Andrea , Galli Simona , Khansaa Maisaa , Piarulli Umberto , Rigamonti Micol
Published: August 2011

Oxazolidinones fused to pyrazine or morpholine rings are prepared via aminocarboxylation reaction of allyl amides of N‐alkoxycarbonyl‐protected α‐amino acids in the presence of stoichiometric CuCl2.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese(III)‐Assisted Specific Intramolecular Addition.
Authors: Ito Yosuke , Jogo Shunsuke , Fukuda Noriko , Okumura Ryo , Nishino Hiroshi
Published: August 2011

The Mn(III)‐based oxidative macrocyclization followed by dihydrofuranation is demonstrated to be an effective method for the synthesis of macrolides of even more than 20 members without polymerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of New Nitrogen‐Bridged Heterocycles. Part 73. Unexpected Formation of Thiino[3′,4′:4,5]oxazolo[1,3‐b][1,3]oxazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Kakehi Akikazu , Itoh Kennosuke , Suga Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Hirofumi , Muranaka Hideyuki , Shiro Motoo
Published: August 2011

Unexpected products of type (III) are obtained from the cycloaddition reaction of (I) with (II).
ChemInform Abstract: General Route to Symmetric and Asymmetric meso‐CF3‐3(5)‐Aryl(hetaryl)‐ and 3,5‐Diaryl(dihetaryl)‐BODIPY Dyes.
Authors: Sobenina Lubov N. , Vasil'tsov Alexander M. , Petrova Olga V. , Petrushenko Konstantin B. , Ushakov Igor A. , Clavier Gilles , Meallet‐Renault Rachel , Mikhaleva Albina I. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: August 2011

The new dyes (V) and (VIII) are highly fluorescent.
ChemInform Abstract: Enol Silyl Ethers via Copper(II)‐Catalyzed C—O Bond Formation.
Authors: Chan Daniel G. , Winternheimer David J. , Merlic Craig A.
Published: August 2011

A new, facile, chemo‐ and stereoselective method to prepare enol silyl ethers and aryl silyl ethers is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Antifeedant Activities of Tutin and Andrographolide Derivatives Against Mythimna separata.
Authors: Cui Jun , Li Meng‐Lou , Zhang Yan‐bing , Li Fei‐Fei
Published: August 2011

The synthesis of 9 andrographolide derivatives is outlined.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitors of an Essential Mycobacterial Cell Wall Lipase (Rv3802c) as Tuberculosis Drug Leads.
Authors: West Nicholas P. , Cergol Katie M. , Xue Millie , Randall Elizabeth J. , Britton Warwick J. , Payne Richard J.
Published: August 2011

Among the newly synthesized compounds, the N‐acetyl and the N‐formyl derivative of (V) belongs to the most potent inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diverse Phenylglycine Derivatives via Transformation of Ugi Four‐Component Condensation Primary Adducts.
Authors: Marcaccini Stefano , Menchi Gloria , Trabocchi Andrea
Published: August 2011

A synthetically useful post‐condensation of Ugi‐4CC products (I) allows the preparation of diverse phenylglycine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Several Monosaccharide‐Derived Alcohols with p‐Acetamidobenzenesulfonyl Azide and DBU.
Authors: Sacui Iulia A. , Norris Peter
Published: August 2011

The attempt to transform the ketone side chain of substrate (IV) to the diazo derivative with azide (VII) under conditions A) is unsuccessful and the azide (II) is identified instead.
ChemInform Abstract: New Angucycline C‐Glycosides from Streptomyces sp. RI33.
Authors: Ueda Jun‐ya , Izumikawa Miho , Mukai Akira , Nagai Aya , Hwang Ji‐Hwan , Takagi Motoki , Shin‐ya Kazuo
Published: August 2011

Five new angucyclines, JBIR‐90, ‐116, ‐91 (I), ‐92 (IIa) and ‐93 (IIb) are isolated from Streptomyces sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Synthesis of Pratosine and Hippadine by Intramolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization and Decarboxylation.
Authors: Umemoto Hideaki , Dohshita Masashi , Hamamoto Hiromi , Miki Yasuyoshi
Published: August 2011

A synthetic procedure is given for the naturally occurring pratosine (VIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Cannabioxepane, a Novel Tetracyclic Cannabinoid from Hemp, Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Pagani Alberto , Scala Fernando , Chianese Giuseppina , Grassi Gianpaolo , Appendino Giovanni , Taglialatela‐Scafati Orazio
Published: August 2011

isolation and structure elucidation of cannabioxepane (I), which does not show cannabinoid activity, and isocannabispiradienone (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Dicitrinol, a Citrinin Dimer, Produced by Penicillium janthinellum.
Authors: do Rosario Marinho Andrey M. , Rodrigues‐Fo Edson
Published: August 2011

Dicitrinol (I) shows certain activity against E.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Towards Marmycins A and B: Development of the Vinylogous Aldol—aza‐Michael Domino Reaction.
Authors: Bourcet Emmanuel , Broehmer Manuel C. , Nieger Martin , Braese Stefan
Published: August 2011

The core structural unit of marmycins is prepared by vinylogous aldol—aza‐Michael reaction of o‐aminobenzaldehydes (I) with prenal (II).
ChemInform Abstract: New Antibacterial Polyacetylenes from Sunflower (Hellianthus annuus L.) Seedlings.
Authors: Seshimoto Fumie , Hong Si Won , Nakajyo Haruyuki , Shigemori Hideyuki
Published: August 2011

The 3 new C15 polyacetylenes (I), (II) and (III) are isolated from the seedlings of sunflower Hellianthus annuus L.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Depsidone from the Twigs of Garcinia cowa.
Authors: Cheenpracha Sarot , Phakhodee Wong , Ritthiwigrom Thunwadee , Prawat Uma , Laphookhieo Surat
Published: August 2011

The new depsidone cowadepsidone (I) is isolated together with six known xanthones from the twigs of Garcinia cowa.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of Two New Bioactive Proanthocyanidins from Cistus salvifolius Herb Extract
Authors: Qa'dan F. , Nahrstedt A. , Schmidt M.
Published: August 2011

isolation, structure and inhibitory activities against COX‐1 and COX‐2
ChemInform Abstract: From the Molecule to the Reactor: Rational Design of Microporous and Mesoporous Solids for Catalysis
Authors: Laugel Guillaume , Walspurger Stephane , Louis Benoit
Published: August 2011

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Chemistry at the Liquid/Solid Interface
Authors: Zaera Francisco
Published: August 2011

Review: critical overview of available analysis techniques; 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ozone‐Oxygen Oxidation Flotation
Authors: Wang Lawrence K. , Shammas Nazih K.
Published: August 2011

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Characterization and Potential Application of Magnetic Materials as Sorbents for the Removal of Contaminants
Authors: Chang Chiung‐Fen , Chang Ching‐Yuan , Holl Wolfgang , Franzreb Matthias
Published: August 2011

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Impact of Impurities and Interface Reaction on Electrochemical Activity
Authors: Mogensen M. , Hansen K. V.
Published: August 2011

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermolysis of Metallopolymers and Their Precursors as a Method for the Preparation of Nanocomposites
Authors: Pomogailo A. D. , Rozenberg A. S. , Dzhardimalieva G. I.
Published: August 2011

Review: 292 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Well‐Defined Bifunctional Iron Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Ketones: Iron, the New Ruthenium
Authors: Bauer Gerald , Kirchner Karl A.
Published: August 2011

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Octahedral Coordination Complexes
Authors: Meggers Eric
Published: August 2011

Review: ca. 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Eremanthine: A Sesquiterpene Lactone with Relevant Biological Activity
Authors: Alves Jose C. F.
Published: August 2011

Review: 176 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pterocarpans
Authors: Jimenez‐Gonzalez Leticia , Hernandez‐Cervantes Carmen , Alvarez‐Corral Miriam , Munoz‐Dorado Manuel , Rodriguez‐Garcia Ignacio
Published: August 2011

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Promoted Ullmann‐type Coupling Reactions
Authors: Jiang Yongwen , Ma Dawei
Published: August 2011

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in 1,4‐Benzoquinone Chemistry
Authors: Abraham Ignatious , Joshi Rahul , Pardasani Pushpa , Pardasani R. T.
Published: August 2011

Review: 363 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Expansion of Cyclobutylmethyl Carbenium Ions to Cyclopentane and Cyclopentene Derivatives and Metal‐Promoted Analogous Rearrangement
Authors: Leemans Erika , D'Hooghe Matthias , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: August 2011

Review: 476 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC)
Authors: Finn M. G. , Fokin Valery V.
Published: August 2011

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Monofunctionalized Heteroporphyrin Building Blocks and Unsymmetrical Covalent and Non‐Covalent Porphyrin Dyads
Authors: Yedukondalu M. , Ravikanth M.
Published: August 2011

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclizations
Authors: Vlaar Tjoestil , Ruijter Eelco , Orru Romano V. A.
Published: August 2011

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenol Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry: Special Emphasis on Selenocysteine Se‐Protection in Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Flemer Stevenson Jr.
Published: August 2011

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Epoxidation of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds
Authors: Matsumoto K. , Katsuki T. , Arends I. W. C. E.
Published: August 2011

Review: 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Indices of the Fullerenes Reactivity
Authors: Sabirov Denis Sh. , Bulgakov Ramil G. , Khursan Sergey L.
Published: August 2011

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Trends in Modifications and Applications of Resorcinarenes
Authors: Kozlowski Cezary A. , Kudelska Wieslawa , Konczyk Joanna
Published: August 2011

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Calixarene Complexes with Solvent Molecules
Authors: Surov O. V. , Voronova M. I. , Zakharov A. G.
Published: August 2011

Review: 208 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetraazacyclotetradecane Species as Models of the Polyazacrown Macrocycles: Molecular Structure and Reorganizations in Aqueous Media (pH 0‐14) as Probed by NMR Spectroscopy and Computational Methods — Problems and Solutions
Authors: Nazarski Ryszard B.
Published: August 2011

Review: 192 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Organic Compounds on Ni‐O‐OH Electrode
Authors: Lyalin B. V. , Petrosyan V. A.
Published: August 2011

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Well‐Defined Copper(I) Complexes for Click Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions. One Click Beyond
Authors: Diez‐Gonzalez Silvia
Published: August 2011

Review: 141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective and Diastereoselective Alkene Metathesis
Authors: Collins S. K.
Published: August 2011

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropanation Reactions
Authors: Roy M.‐N. , Lindsay V. N. G. , Charette A. B.
Published: August 2011

Review: 227 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroamination, Hydrophosphination, Hydrophosphinylation, and Hydrophosphonylation of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds
Authors: Reznichenko A. L. , Hultzsch K. C.
Published: August 2011

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroformylation, Hydrocarbonylation, Hydrocyanation, and Hydroacylation of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds
Authors: van Leeuwen P. W. N. M.
Published: August 2011

Review: 273 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbometalation of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds
Authors: Marek I. , Basheer A.
Published: August 2011

Review: 227 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation of Arenes and Hetarenes
Authors: Lu S.‐M. , Zhou Y.‐G.
Published: August 2011

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microfluidic Devices as Tools for Mimicking the in vivo Environment
Authors: Ziolkowska Karina , Kwapiszewski Radoslaw , Brzozka Zbigniew
Published: August 2011

Review: 170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of Biarsenical Chemistry — Challenges in Protein Research
Authors: Pomorski Adam , Krezel Artur
Published: August 2011

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of the Highly Selective Reactions to Target Gene for the Control of the Gene Expression in Cells
Authors: Nagatsugi Fumi
Published: August 2011

Review: ca. 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Biology of Histone Acetyltransferase Natural Compounds Modulators
Authors: Piaz Fabrizio Dal , Vassallo Antonio , Rubio Osmany Cuesta , Castellano Sabrina , Sbardella Gianluca , De Tommasi Nunziatina
Published: August 2011

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of Novel Medicinal Leads by Use of Natural Products Inhibiting Nuclear Export of Proteins as Scaffolds
Authors: Tamura Satoru , Murakami Nobutoshi
Published: August 2011

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Novel Resist Materials for Microlithographic Patterning
Authors: Mori Hajime , Nomura Eisaku , Hosoda Asao , Miyake Yasuhito , Taniguchi Hisaji
Published: August 2011

Review: ca. 30 refs.
Comparisons of existing pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation processes for butanol production from agricultural residues
Authors: Thirmal Chumangalah , Dahman Yaser
Published: August 2011

Some of the most recent, relevant, industrial and academic contributions made in the field of butanol production are reviewed here. The focus on butanol is due to the growing demand for non‐fossil biofuels. In addition, butanol can be mixed with fossil fuels or can be used alone, allowing an alternative to gasoline. Butanol can be synthesised biologically using sugars extracted from biomass such as agricultural waste. This agricultural waste must be pretreated before it is suitable for sugar extraction. Following this stage, enzymatic hydrolysis is employed, before performing fermentation using microorganisms. This article summarises some of the economical methods such as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Different pretreatment and saccharification processes were compared. Acid pretreatment and saccharification achieved the highest sugar concentrations from wheat straw. Monoethanolamine pretreatment achieved highest sugars from hardwood. Comparisons and analysis of different types of fermentation processes illustrated that immobilised reactor provided the best butanol rate of production. Integration of fermentation with product removal process improved butanol production in immobilised reactor. Gas stripping method was illustrated to be the product removal process. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Racial variation in tumor stage at diagnosis among Department of Defense beneficiaries
Authors: Enewold Lindsey , Zhou Jing , McGlynn Katherine A. , Devesa Susan S. , Shriver Craig D. , Potter John F. , Zahm Shelia H. , Zhu Kangmin
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND:

Tumor stage at diagnosis often varies by racial/ethnic group, possibly because of inequitable health care access. Within the Department of Defense (DoD) Military Health System, beneficiaries have equal health care access. The objective of this study was to determine whether tumor stage differed between whites and blacks with breast, cervical, colorectal, and prostate cancers, which have effective screening regimens, based on data from the DoD Automated Cancer Tumor Registry from 1990 to 2003.

METHODS:

Distributions of tumor stage (localized vs nonlocalized) between whites and blacks in the military were compared stratified by sex, active duty status, and age at diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to further adjust for age, marital status, year of diagnosis, geographic region, military service branch, and tumor grade. Distributions of tumor stage were then compared between the military and general populations.

RESULTS:

Racial differences in the distribution of stage were significant only among nonactive duty beneficiaries. After adjusting for covariates, earlier stages of breast cancer after age 49 years and prostate cancer after age 64 years were significantly more common among white than black nonactive duty beneficiaries (P < .05), although the absolute difference was minimal for prostate cancer. Racial differences in stage for cervical and colorectal cancers were not significant after adjustment. Compared with the general population, racial differences in the military were similar or were slightly attenuated.

CONCLUSIONS:

Racial disparities in stage at diagnosis were apparent in the DoD equal‐access health care system among older nonactive duty beneficiaries. Socioeconomic status, supplemental insurance, cultural beliefs, and biologic factors may be related to these results. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
International field testing of the reliability and validity of the EORTC QLQ‐BM22 module to assess health‐related quality of life in patients with bone metastases
Authors: Chow Edward , Nguyen Janet , Zhang Liying , Tseng Ling‐Ming , Hou Ming‐Feng , Fairchild Alysa , Vassiliou Vassilios , Jesus‐Garcia Reynaldo , Alm El‐Din Mohamed A. , Kumar Aswin , Forges Fabien , Chie Wei‐Chu , Bottomley Andrew ,   On behalf of the European Organization for Research Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this international field study was to test the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ‐BM22 module to assess health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with bone metastases.

METHODS:

Patients undergoing a variety of bone metastases‐specific treatments were accrued. The QLQ‐BM22 was administered with the QLQ‐C30 at baseline and at 1 follow‐up time point internationally. A debriefing questionnaire was administered to determine patient acceptability and understanding.

RESULTS:

Large‐scale field testing of the QLQ‐BM22 in addition to the QLQ‐C30 took place in 7 countries: Brazil, Canada, Cyprus, Egypt, France, India, and Taiwan. A total of 400 patients participated. Multitrait scaling analyses confirmed 4 scales in the 22‐item module. The scales were able to discriminate between clinically distinct patient groups, such as between those with a poor and those with a better performance status. The QLQ‐BM22 was well received in all 7 countries, and the majority of patients did not recommend any significant changes from the module in its current form.

CONCLUSIONS:

The final QLQ‐BM22 module contains 22 items and 4 scales assessing Painful Sites, Painful Characteristics, Functional Interference, and Psychosocial Aspects. Results confirmed the validity, reliability, cross‐cultural applicability, and sensitivity of the 22‐item EORTC QLQ‐BM22. It is therefore recommended that the QLQ‐BM22 be used in addition to the QLQ‐C30 in clinical trials to assess HRQOL in patients with bone metastases. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Impact of low estrogen/progesterone receptor expression on survival outcomes in breast cancers previously classified as triple negative breast cancers
Authors: Raghav Kanwal P. S. , Hernandez‐Aya Leonel F. , Lei Xiudong , Chavez‐MacGregor Marianan , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Buchholz Thomas A. , Sahin Aysegul , Do Kim‐Anh , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Gonzalez‐Angulo Ana M.
Published: August 2011

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the impact of low estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) expression and effect of endocrine therapy on survival outcomes in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative tumors with ER/PR <10%, previously labeled as triple negative.

METHODS:

In a retrospective review, 1257 patients were categorized according their ER/PR percentages into 3 groups, ER/PR <1% (group A), ER/PR 1% to 5% (group B), and ER/PR 6% to 10% (group C). Kaplan‐Meier product limit method was used to estimate survival outcomes. Cox proportional hazards models was used to adjust for patient and tumor characteristics.

RESULTS

Groups A, B, and C had 897 (71.4%), 241 (19.2%), and 119 (9.4%) patients, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 40 months there was no significant difference in 3‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS): 64%, 67%, and 77% (P = .34) or overall survival (OS): 79%, 81%, and 88% (P = .33) for groups A, B, and C, respectively. ER/PR expression was not an independent predictor for RFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86‐1.39; P = .46 for group B, and HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.66‐1.38; P = .81 for group C, compared with group A), or OS (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.84‐1.46; P = .46 for group B, and HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.63‐1.42; P = .78 for group C, compared with group A). Endocrine therapy had no impact on survival outcomes (RFS: P = .10; OS: P = .45) among groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this cohort, a low ER/PR level (1%‐5%) does not appear to have any significant impact on survival outcomes. There was a tendency for survival advantages in the ER/PR 6% to 10% is seen. Benefit of endocrine therapy in these patients is unclear. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis of Mono‐Functionalized Core‐Modified Expanded Porphyrin Building Blocks and Covalently Linked Expanded Porphyrin Dyads
Authors: Pareek Yogita , Ravikanth M.
Published: August 2011

A series of mono‐functionalized core‐modified expanded porphyrin building blocks such as thiasapphyrin, thiarubyrin, oxasmaragdyrin, and BF2–oxasmaragdyrin have been synthesized by simple condensation of readily available precursors. The mono‐functionalized core‐modified expanded porphyrin building blocks were used to synthesize the first three examples of covalently linked diphenylethyne‐bridged dyads containing two different expanded porphyrin macrocycles, namely thaisapphyrin–BF2–oxasmaragdyrin, thiarubyrin–BF2–oxasmaragdyrin, and thiasapphyrin–thiarubyrin, by coupling appropriate mono‐functionalized expanded porphyrin building blocks under mild Pd0 coupling reaction conditions. The three dyads were freely soluble in common organic solvents and characterized by MS, NMR, absorption, electrochemical, and fluorescence techniques. The NMR, absorption, and electrochemical studies indicated that the two macrocycles in the dyads interact weakly with each other and maintain their independent characteristic features. The steady‐state fluorescence studies of the dyads showed that the thiasapphyrin and thiarubyrin units are nonfluorescent but fluorescence was observed from the BF2–oxasmaragdyrin unit. However, the quantum yield of the BF2–oxasmaragdyrin unit in the dyads was less than that of monomeric BF2–oxasmaragdyrin because of an enhancement of nonradiative decay channels operating in the dyads. The potential use of two of the three dyads containing the BF2–smaragdyrin subunit as fluorescent sensors for anions was explored. The studies showed that the binding of the anion at the protonated sapphyrin and rubyrin sites in the respective dyads can be followed by the clear changes in the fluorescence band of the BF2–oxasmaragdyrin unit, which indicates that these dyads can be used as fluorescent anion sensors.
Reductive Dealkylation of Anisole and Phenetole: Towards Practical Lignin Conversion
Authors: Strassberger Zea , Tanase Stefania , Rothenberg Gadi
Published: August 2011

We present and develop alternative catalysts for biomass conversion and specifically lignin conversion into aromatics. Unlike the conventional CoMo and NiMo formulations, our catalysts can convert low‐sulfur feedstocks. A set of five magnesia–alumina mixed oxides were screened in the hydrodealkylation of alkyl phenyl ethers as lignin model compounds. The typical selectivity to phenol is 30–75 %. Interestingly, we saw that the more basic the catalyst, the higher the selectivity for phenol. The results concur with the formation of phenoxide (PhO–) and RH3+ fragments on the catalyst surface. These can then react with H+ and H– species formed by the hydrogen dissociation on the MgO surface, giving phenol and hydrocarbons. We conclude that magnesia–alumina mixed oxides are attractive candidates for catalyzing lignin breakdown. These catalysts are highly stable, inexpensive, and readily available.
Analytical Determination and Electrochemical Characterization of the Oxazolidinone Antibiotic Linezolid
Authors: Merli Daniele , Pretali Luca , Fasani Elisa , Albini Angelo , Profumo Antonella
Published: August 2011

Linezolid belongs to a class of antibiotics known as oxazolidinones. It is receiving great attention due to its activity toward multidrugs resistant bacteria, and simple and cheap methods for the analysis of this compound in pharmaceutical preparations are required. In this work, the electrochemistry of the antibiotic linezolid was investigated and a differential pulse voltammetric method based on the oxidation of the oxazolidinonic compound at a glassy carbon electrode has been developed and optimized for its determination; LOD of 50 µg L−1 and a linearity up to 200 mg L−1 were reported. The electrochemical process was studied by using different electrochemical techniques and confirmed by HPLC‐MS/MS.
An Investigation of Goodman's Addictive Disorder Criteria in Eating Disorders
Authors: Speranza Mario , Revah‐Levy Anne , Giquel Ludovic , Loas Gwenolé , Venisse Jean‐Luc , Jeammet Philippe , Corcos Maurice
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to examine how far Goodman's addictive disorder criteria were met by individuals with eating disorders according to subtypes. The study provided a cross‐sectional comparison among three samples of eating disorders [restricting anorexia nervosa (R‐AN), N = 68; purging anorexia nervosa (P‐AN), N = 42; and bulimia nervosa (BN), N = 66], a sample of substance‐related disorders (SRDs, N = 48) and a sample of matched controls (N = 201). Diagnosis of addictive disorder was made following Goodman's criteria. Addictive personality traits were assessed with the Addiction Potential Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 and with the Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale. Results showed that individuals with BN met Goodman's addictive disorder criteria in the same proportion as drug‐addicted individuals (65% vs 60%, p = NS). They both showed higher rates than R‐AN individuals (35%; R‐AN versus BN: F = 11.9, p < 0.001 and R‐AN versus SRD: F = 7.16, p < 0.01). Although BN and SRD showed higher rates of addictive disorders compared with P‐AN, differences were not significant. Scores on the Sensation Seeking and on the Addictive Potential scales paralleled the distribution of addictive disorders, with individuals with BN and with P‐AN showing higher levels than individuals with R‐AN. Results showed that a subgroup of individuals with an eating disorder experiences their disorder as an addiction and may deserve specific therapeutic attention. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Simulation of self‐propelled anguilliform swimming by local domain‐free discretization method
Authors: Zhou C.H. , Shu C.
Published: August 2011

The local domain‐free discretization method is extended in this work to simulate fluid–structure interaction problems, the class of which is exemplified by the self‐propelled anguilliform swimming of deforming bodies in a fluid medium. Given the deformation of the fish body in its own reference frame, the translational and rotational motions of the body governed by Newton's Law are solved together with the surrounding flow field governed by Navier–Stokes equations. When the body is deforming and moving, no mesh regeneration is required in the computation. The loose coupling strategy is employed to simulate the fluid–structure interaction involved in the self‐propelled swimming. The local domain‐free discretization method and an efficient algorithm for classifying the Eulerian mesh points are described in brief. To validate the fluid–structure interaction solver, we simulate the ‘lock‐in’ phenomena associated with the vortex‐induced vibrations of an elastically mounted cylinder. Finally, we demonstrate applications of the method to two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional anguilliform‐swimming fish. The kinematics and dynamics associated with the center of mass are shown and the rotational movement is also presented via the angular position of the body axis. The wake structure is visualized in terms of vorticity contours. All the obtained numerical results show good agreement with available data in the literature. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of canine osteosarcoma by array comparative genomic hybridization and RT‐qPCR: Signatures of genomic imbalance in canine osteosarcoma parallel the human counterpart
Authors: Angstadt Andrea Y. , Motsinger‐Reif Alison , Thomas Rachael , Kisseberth William C. , Guillermo Couto C. , Duval Dawn L. , Nielsen Dahlia M. , Modiano Jaime F. , Breen Matthew
Published: August 2011

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant bone tumor in humans and dogs, characterized in both species by extremely complex karyotypes exhibiting high frequencies of genomic imbalance. Evaluation of genomic signatures in human OS using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has assisted in uncovering genetic mechanisms that result in disease phenotype. Previous low‐resolution (10–20 Mb) aCGH analysis of canine OS identified a wide range of recurrent DNA copy number aberrations, indicating extensive genomic instability. In this study, we profiled 123 canine OS tumors by 1 Mb‐resolution aCGH to generate a dataset for direct comparison with current data for human OS, concluding that several high frequency aberrations in canine and human OS are orthologous. To ensure complete coverage of gene annotation, we identified the human refseq genes that map to these orthologous aberrant dog regions and found several candidate genes warranting evaluation for OS involvement. Specifically, subsequenct FISH and qRT‐PCR analysis of RUNX2, TUSC3, and PTEN indicated that expression levels correlated with genomic copy number status, showcasing RUNX2 as an OS associated gene and TUSC3 as a possible tumor suppressor candidate. Together these data demonstrate the ability of genomic comparative oncology to identify genetic abberations which may be important for OS progression. Large scale screening of genomic imbalance in canine OS further validates the use of the dog as a suitable model for human cancers, supporting the idea that dysregulation discovered in canine cancers will provide an avenue for complementary study in human counterparts. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishment of a novel MALT lymphoma cell line, ma‐1, from a patient with t(14;18)(q32;q21)‐positive Helicobacter Pylori‐Independent Gastric MALT Lymphoma
Authors: Kuo Sung‐Hsin , Weng Wen‐Hui , Chen Zi‐Hua , Hsu Ping‐Ning , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Lin Chung‐Wu , Jeng Huei‐Jiuan , Yeh Kun‐Huei , Tsai Hui‐Jen , Chen Li‐Tzong , Cheng Ann‐Lii
Published: August 2011

Although t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32), and a few other genetic mutations are specific markers for the Helicobacter pylori (HP)‐independent status of gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, the molecular mechanisms responsible for HP‐independence of gastric MALT lymphoma without such translocations and mutations remain uncharacterized. In the present study, we describe the establishment and characterization of a novel MALT lymphoma cell line, MA‐1, which was derived from a gastric MALT lymphoma which was negative for both t(11;18)(q21;q21) and t(1;14)(p22;q32); the patient had failed HP eradication therapy and chemotherapy. The cell morphology and the immunophenotype of this cell line were similar to that of the original gastric MALT lymphoma. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis showed no significant gene copy number changes. Spectral karyotyping displayed a near‐diploid chromosome content (48 < 2n>XY), with at least 13 chromosome structural abnormalities. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses disclosed the existence of three sub‐clones, characterized by t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH‐BCL2, t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH‐MALT1, and the presence of both chromosomal translocations in the same cell, respectively; whereas amplification of the genes CRAD9, TRAF2, and BCL10 were not found. In conclusion, we have established the first human gastric MALT lymphoma cell line, which is characterized by unusual and complex chromosome translocations and will be useful to explore further the molecular mechanisms of HP‐independence in gastric MALT lymphoma. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss,Inc.
Detection of the first gross CDC73 germline deletion in an HPT‐JT syndrome family
Authors: Cascón Alberto , Huarte‐Mendicoa Carlos Vázquez , Javier Leandro‐García L. , Letón Rocío , Suela Javier , Santana Alfredo , Costa Mauro Boronat , Comino‐Méndez Iñaki , Landa Iñigo , Sánchez Lydia , Rodríguez‐Antona Cristina , Cigudosa Juan C. , Robledo Mercedes
Published: August 2011

Hereditary primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) may develop as a solitary endocrinopathy (FIHP) or as part of multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 1, multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 2A, or hereditary HPT‐jaw tumor syndrome. Inactivating germline mutations of the tumor suppressor gene CDC73 account for 14 and 50% of all FIHP and HPT‐JT patients, respectively, and have also been found in almost 20% of apparently sporadic parathyroid carcinoma patients. Although more than 60 independent germline mutations have been described, to date no rearrangement affecting the CDC73 locus has been identified. By means of multiplex‐PCR we found a large germline deletion affecting the whole gene in a two‐generation HPT‐JT family. Subsequently array‐CGH and specific PCR analysis determined that the mutation spanned ∼ 547 kb, and included four additional genes:
TROVE2, GLRX2, B3GALT2, and UCHL5. Although no clear mutation‐specific phenotype was found associated to the presence of the mutation, further studies are needed to assess whether the loss of the neighboring genes could modify the phenotype of carriers. There was complete absence of nuclear staining in the two HPT‐JT‐related tumors available. The finding of the first rearrangement affecting the CDC73 gene warrants screening for this tumor suppressor gene inactivation mechanism not only in high‐risk CDC73 point mutation‐negative HPT‐JT families, but also in FIHP patients. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DISCOUNTING HEALTH AND COST‐EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS: A RESPONSE TO NORD
Authors: Hammitt James K.
Published: August 2011

Nord (2011) criticizes standard arguments which assert that consistency requires that future health benefits must be discounted at the same rate as future costs in cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA). He suggests these arguments are misguided because they require transitivity of preferences across decision contexts and that it can be appropriate to discount health at different rates depending on the programs to be compared. I claim that rejecting transitivity is unwarranted and would sharply diminish the utility of CEA. Factors that tempt Nord to reject consistency can be accommodated by recognizing that CEA does not perfectly mimic normative social preferences because it omits factors (like distribution of health in a population) that can be normatively significant. A better approach is to maintain consistency in application of CEA but authorize decision makers to depart from rankings implied by CEA when justified and to explain which specific factors justify the decision. Finally, the assertion that health must be discounted at the same rate as costs requires the additional assumption that the dollar value of health does not change over time, a point that is not always recognized in standard arguments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The histone deacetylase 4/SP1/microrna-200a regulatory network contributes to aberrant histone acetylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Ji-hang , Yang Fu , Chen Bi-feng , Lu Zhi , Huo Xi-song , Zhou Wei-ping , Wang Fang , Sun Shu-han
Published: August 2011

As an important epigenetic mechanism, histone acetylation modulates the transcription of many genes and plays important roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aberrations in histone acetylation have been observed in HCC, but the factors that contribute to the aberrations have not been fully elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, are involved in important epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, we determined that miR-200a and the level of histone H3 acetylation at its promoter were reduced in human HCC tissues in comparison with adjacent noncancerous hepatic tissues. Furthermore, our results suggested that the histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) inhibited the expression of miR-200a and its promoter activity and reduced the histone H3 acetylation level at the

mir-200a

promoter through a Sp1-dependent pathway. Interestingly, we observed that the miR-200a directly targeted the 3′-untranslated region of the HDAC4 messenger RNA and repressed expression of HDAC4. Therefore, miR-200a ultimately induced its own transcription and increased the histone H3 acetylation level at its own promoter. Through targeting HDAC4, miR-200a also induced the up-regulation of total acetyl-histone H3 levels and increased the histone H3 acetylation level at the

p21

WAF/Cip1

promoter. Finally, we determined that miR-200a inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC cells

in vivo

and

in vitro

.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that the HDAC4/Sp1/miR-200a regulatory network induces the down-regulation of miR-200a and the up-regulation of HDAC4 in HCC. As a result, down-regulation of miR-200a enhances the proliferation and migration of HCC cells and induces aberrant histone acetylation in HCC. These findings highlight a potential therapeutic approach in targeting the HDAC4/Sp1/miR-200a regulatory network for the treatment of HCC. (Hepatology 2011
Methionine adenosyltransferase 1A gene deletion disrupts hepatic very low-density lipoprotein assembly in mice
Authors: Cano Ainara , Buqué Xabier , Martínez-Uña Maite , Aurrekoetxea Igor , Menor Ariane , García-Rodríguez Juan L. , Lu Shelly C. , Martínez-Chantar Luz M. , Mato José M. , Ochoa Begoña , Aspichueta Patricia
Published: August 2011

Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion provides a mechanism to export triglycerides (TG) from the liver to peripheral tissues, maintaining lipid homeostasis. In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), VLDL secretion disturbances are unclear. Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) is responsible for

S

-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) synthesis and MAT I and III are the products of the

MAT1A

gene. Deficient MAT I and III activities and SAMe content in the liver have been associated with NAFLD, but whether

MAT1A

is required for normal VLDL assembly remains unknown. We investigated the role of

MAT1A

on VLDL assembly in two metabolic contexts: in 3-month-old

MAT1A

-knockout mice (3-KO), with no signs of liver injury, and in 8-month-old

MAT1A

-knockout mice (8-KO), harboring nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In 3-KO mouse liver, there is a potent effect of

MAT1A

deletion on lipid handling, decreasing mobilization of TG stores, TG secretion in VLDL and phosphatidylcholine synthesis via phosphatidylethanolamine

N

-methyltransferase.

MAT1A

deletion also increased VLDL– apolipoprotein B secretion, leading to small, lipid-poor VLDL particles. Administration of SAMe to 3-KO mice for 7 days recovered crucial altered processes in VLDL assembly and features of the secreted lipoproteins. The unfolded protein response was activated in 8-KO mouse liver, in which TG accumulated and the phosphatidylcholine-to-phosphatidylethanolamine ratio was reduced in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas secretion of TG and apolipoprotein B in VLDL was increased and the VLDL physical characteristics resembled that in 3-KO mice.

MAT1A

deletion also altered plasma lipid homeostasis, with an increase in lipid transport in low-density lipoprotein subclasses and decrease in high-density lipoprotein subclasses.

Conclusion:

MAT1A

is required for normal VLDL assembly and plasma lipid homeostasis in mice. Impaired VLDL synthesis, mainly due to SAMe deficiency, contributes to NAFLD development in

MAT1A

-KO mice. (Hepatology 2011
Multiple ascending dose study of BMS-790052, a nonstructural protein 5A replication complex inhibitor, in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1
Authors: Nettles Richard E. , Gao Min , Bifano Marc , Chung Ellen , Persson Anna , Marbury Thomas C. , Goldwater Ronald , DeMicco Michael P. , Rodriguez-Torres Maribel , Vutikullird Apinya , Fuentes Ernesto , Lawitz Eric , Lopez-Talavera Juan Carlos , Grasela Dennis M.
Published: August 2011

The antiviral activity, resistance profile, pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of BMS-790052, a nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) replication complex inhibitor, were evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential panel, multiple ascending dose study. Thirty patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection were randomized to receive a 14-day course of BMS-790052 (1, 10, 30, 60, or 100 mg once daily or 30 mg twice daily) or placebo in a ratio of 4:1. The mean maximum decline from baseline in HCV RNA ranged from 2.8 to 4.1 log10 IU/mL; the placebo group showed no evidence of antiviral activity. Most patients experienced viral rebound on or before day 7 of treatment with BMS-790052 monotherapy; viral rebound was associated with viral variants that had been previously implicated in resistance development in the

in vitro

replicon system. The PK profile was supportive of once-daily dosing with median peak plasma concentrations at 1-2 hours postdose and mean terminal half-life of 12-15 hours. Steady state was achieved following 3-4 days of daily dosing. BMS-790052 was well tolerated in all dose groups, with adverse events occurring with a similar frequency in BMS-790052- and placebo-treated groups. There were no clinically relevant changes in vital signs, laboratory, or electrocardiogram parameters.

Conclusion:

BMS-7590052 is the first NS5A replication complex inhibitor with multiple dose proof-of-concept in clinic. At doses of 1-100 mg daily, BMS-790052 was well tolerated, had a PK profile supportive of once-daily dosing, and produced a rapid and substantial decrease in HCV-RNA levels in patients chronically infected with HCV genotype 1. (Hepatology 2011