bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of 3‐hour daily hemodialysis and paricalcitol in patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism: A case series
Authors: ACHINGER Steven G. , MIZANI Mohammed R. , AYUS Juan C.
Published: March 2010

Patients with poor metabolic control receiving conventional hemodialysis are at risk for developing severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. We postulated that daily hemodialysis may be effective at controlling parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the setting of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism by improving the control of hyperphosphatemia and allowing increased use of vitamin D analogs. We present 5 patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (median iPTH=1783 pg/mL) who were treated with 3‐hour daily hemodialysis (3 hours × 6 times a week). Daily hemodialysis, at 1 year, was associated with a 70.4% reduction in median PTH (1783 pg/mL [interquartile range: 1321–1983]–472 pg/mL [334, 704], P<0.001). Additionally, there was an increase in paricalcitol dose from 0 mcg/d to 10.8 (2.00, 11.7) mcg/d, a 39% reduction in calcium × phosphorus product (80.3 ± 26.8–48.9 ± 14.0, P<0.01), a 52% reduction in serum phosphorus (9.90 ± 2.34–4.75 ± 0.79 mg/dL, P<0.0001), and a 17.6% increase in serum calcium (8.18 ± 2.04–9.62 ± 0.93 mg/dL, P<0.01). Three‐hour daily hemodialysis with the use of high‐dose paricalcitol is associated with improved control of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Evaluation of neopterin levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: ASCI Ali , BAYDAR Terken , CETINKAYA Ramazan , DOLGUN Anil , SAHIN Gonul
Published: March 2010

Neopterin is a diagnostic or a prognostic biomarker for several pathologies including renal diseases. However, the association between neopterin status and causative main reasons such as diabetes and hypertension for renal disease remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate neopterin levels in diabetes and hypertension patients treated with/without hemodialysis. According to primary renal disorders, the patients undergoing hemodialysis were classified into 4 groups as diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, reflux nephropathy or interstitial nephritis, and others. The controls consisted of healthy subjects, hypertensive subjects, and diabetic individuals without any renal disorder. In the study, both urinary and serum neopterin levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography and enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis therapy (n=71). The effects of the duration of hemodialysis and treatment of erythropoietin and/or iron on neopterin levels were also evaluated. Neopterin levels were found to be higher in hemodialysis patients than in the healthy controls (P<0.05). A significant difference in neopterin levels was also found between diabetic control patients and diabetic nephropathy patients (P<0.05). A similar significant difference was detected in neopterin levels between hypertensive patients with/without nephropathy (P<0.05). Neopterin may be an early critical marker for progression of nephropathy in diabetic and hypertensive patients in early stages.
“How to Go On”: Intersubjectivity and Progressivity in the Communication of a Child with Autism
Authors: Sterponi Laura , Fasulo Alessandra
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Through the lens of a case study of the spontaneous verbal interaction of a five‐year‐and‐ten‐month‐old child with autism, this article offers a reflection on the psychological and epistemological underpinnings of human communication. In particular, in the analysis of verbal exchanges between a child with autism and his caregivers, we discuss formulaic talk and verbal play and the relation of these with sequential progressivity, expressions of personal stance, and intersubjectivity. The analysis allows us to unearth the inherent precariousness and unpredictability of communication and how it is perpetually vulnerable to failure. We suggest that the intrinsic risk of breakdown in intersubjectivity cannot be conceived of as a threat to successful communication, but rather, as an attribute of sequence progressivity and an essential component of communication as encounter with the other, grounded on mutual trust. [autism, intersubjectivity, sequence progressivity, trust]
Bilayered BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3/Bi0.90La0.10FeO3 Thin Films with Low Ferroelectric Coercivity and Large Remanent Polarization
Authors: Wu Jiagang , Wang John
Published: March 2010

Bilayered thin films consisting of (Bi0.90La0.10)FeO3 and Bi(Fe0.95Mn0.05)O3, i.e., Bi(Fe0.95Mn0.05)O3/(Bi0.90La0.10)FeO3, were deposited on SrRuO3 buffered SrTiO3(111) substrates by off‐axis radio frequency magnetic sputtering, where (111)‐oriented bilayered thin films were obtained. The bilayered Bi(Fe0.95Mn0.05)O3/(Bi0.90La0.10)FeO3 thin film possesses a lower coercive field (2Ec∼335.6 kV/cm) and a larger remanent polarization (2Pr∼155.2 μC/cm2) at room temperature, and a higher relative permittivity as compared with those of single‐layer (Bi0.90La0.10)FeO3 and Bi(Fe0.95Mn0.05)O3 thin films, together with an improvement of the magnetic properties (2Ms∼31.2 emu/cm3). The bottom (Bi0.90La0.10)FeO3 nanolayer promotes the growth of the Bi(Fe0.95Mn0.05)O3 layer, which are largely responsible for the multiferroic behavior observed.
Effect of Dewatering on the Strength of Lime and Cement Mortars
Authors: El‐Turki Adel , Ball Richard J. , Carter Margaret A. , Wilson Moira A. , Ince Ceren , Allen Geoffrey C.
Published: March 2010

This paper investigates the effects of dewatering on the strength and microstructure of mortars manufactured from Portland cement, hydrated calcium lime (CL90), and natural hydraulic limes of classification 2, 3.5, and 5 with binder/aggregate/water ratios of 1:2:0.78. Dewatering was achieved by placing the mortars on a high porosity brick. Dewatered and nondewatered specimens were exposed to an atmosphere containing 400 ppm carbon dioxide with a relative humidity of 65%, at 20°C for periods of 14, 28, and 56 days. Following hardening for these periods, compressive strengths were compared with evaluate the mechanical performance. The structural morphology of the samples was determined using scanning electron microscopy and chemical composition by Raman spectroscopy. Results showed CL90 mortars are unaffected by dewatering. However, dewatering resulted in an increase in the compressive strength for the hydraulic limes and cement mortars tested.
Role of Temperature and Nitrogen Flow Rate During the Carbothermic Synthesis of SiC/Si3N4 Nanocomposite Powder from Gel
Authors: El‐Sheikh Said M. , Ahmed Yasser M. Z. , Ewais Emad M. M. , Al‐Sharab Jafar F.
Published: March 2010

This research article explores the synthesis of SiC/Si3N4 nanocomposite powder via a carbothermic reaction of silica xerogel under nitrogen atmosphere. The influence of both reaction temperature and nitrogen flow rate on the properties of the produced sample was thoroughly investigated. The results revealed that both reaction temperature and nitrogen flow rate played a very important role not only on the composition ratio of SiC/Si3N4 in the finally produced sample but also on the morphology of both phases. At 1300°C, spherical particles of 40 nm grain size for both phases (SiC and Si3N4) were produced, while silicon nitride is the predominant phase. With increasing the reaction temperature, the amount of SiC increased at the expense of the amount of Si3N4 till SiC becomes the predominant phase at 1500°C. At 1500°C, almost both phases have the shape of nanorods with different grain sizes. At low nitrogen flow rate and reaction temperature of 1500°C, SiC predominates while with increasing nitrogen flow rate the Si3N4 becomes the predominant phase. The photoluminescence spectra revealed that a strong emission was observed at 354 and 389 nm for the sample produced at low and high N2 flow rate, respectively. On the other hand, a high surface area of 578 and 471 m2/g were produced for samples prepared under low and high nitrogen flow rate, respectively. Also, the mechanism of formation of the SiC/Si3N4 nanocomposite powder was postulated.
Crystal Structure and Nuclear Density Distribution of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 Analyzed by Rietveld/Maximum Entropy Method
Authors: Igawa Naoki , Taguchi Tomitsugu , Fukazawa Hiroshi , Yamauchi Hiroki , Utsumi Wataru
Published: March 2010

The neutron powder diffraction measurement of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 was carried out and the crystal structure and scattering density distribution were analyzed by Rietveld refinement and the maximum entropy method (MEM) to estimate the Li diffusing pathway. Rietveld refinement showed that the structure was basically the same as LiCoO2: a R‐3m space group, with Li and O mainly occupying the 3a and 6c sites, and Co, Ni, and Mn randomly occupying the 3b site. Approximately 4% of the Li and Ni atoms exchanged their original sites (3a and 3b) to occupy 3b and 3a, respectively. Based on MEM analyses, we surmise that Li atoms moved on the (001), (003), and (00‐3) planes and diffused through the 3a–9e–3a sites on these planes.
Blue‐Emitting Li2Sr1−3x/2CexSiO4 Phosphors for Ultraviolet White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Lihong , Xie Rong‐Jun , Hirosaki Naoto , Li Yuanqiang , Takeda Takashi , Zhang Chen‐Ning , Li Jiguang , Sun Xudong
Published: March 2010

A potential ultraviolet light‐emitting diode (UV‐LED) blue phosphor, Li2Sr1−3x/2CexSiO4, was synthesized by firing at 900°C for 4 h in a reducing atmosphere of N2/H2 (5%). The crystal structure and photoluminescence properties of Li2Sr1−3x/2CexSiO4 were reported. On the basis of the Rietveld refinement of X‐ray powder diffraction measurement, the synthesized phosphor is nearly a single‐phase material in the trigonal system with the space group P3121 (No. 152) and Z=3. It is confirmed that Ce3+ occupies the Sr2+ site, which is located in the channels formed by two [SiO4] and three [LiO4] tetrahedral with eight coordination. The Li2Sr1−3x/2CexSiO4 could be efficiently excited by UV light and yielded a blue emission band centered at 442 nm, originating from the 4f  05d1→4f 1 of Ce3+. The concentration quenching occurs at x=0.03 and no shift in emission band is observed with the increase of x value. Upon the 358 nm excitation, the absorption, internal, and external quantum efficiencies are 81%, 81%, and 65.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the sample shows high thermal stability, the luminescence intensity of which, measured at 150°C, maintains about 92% of that at room temperature.
Public preferences for seeking publicly financed dental care and professional preferences for structuring it
Authors: Quiñonez Carlos , Figueiredo Rafael , Azarpazhooh Amir , Locker David
Published: March 2010

Quiñonez C, Figueiredo R, Azarpazhooh A, Locker D. Public preferences for seeking publicly financed dental care and professional preferences for structuring it. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  Objectives:  To test the hypotheses that socially marginalised Canadians are more likely to prefer seeking dental care in a public rather than private setting, and that Canadian dentists are more likely to prefer public dental care plans that approximate private insurance processes.

Methods:  Data on public opinion were collected through a weekly national omnibus survey based on random digit dialling and telephone interview technology (n = 1005, >18 years). Data on professional opinion were collected through a national mail‐out survey of a random selection of Canadian dentists (n = 2219, response rate = 45.8%). Dental and socio‐demographic data were collected for the public, as were professional demographic data for dentists. Descriptive and basic regression analyses were undertaken.

Results:  The majority of Canadians surveyed, 66.4%, prefer to seek dental care in a private setting, 19% in a community clinic, and 7.6% in a dental school; those that are younger and of lowest incomes are most likely to prefer seeking dental care in a public setting. Most Canadian dentists, 80.9%, believe that governments should be involved in dental care, yet only 46% believe this role should include direct delivery. A third of dentists have also reduced the amount of publicly insured patients in their practice. Canadian dentists are more likely to prefer those public plans that most closely reflect private insurance mechanisms.

Conclusion:  There appears to be a policy disconnect between the preferences of those populations where governmental involvement is most warranted, and the current mechanisms for financing and delivering dental care in Canada. By concentrating almost exclusively on third‐party‐type financing and indirect delivery, public dental care policy may not be adequately responding to those most in need, especially in an environment where dentists are largely dissatisfied with public plans.
Absence of lymphatic vessels in human dental pulp: a morphological study
Authors: Gerli Renato , Secciani Ilaria , Sozio Francesca , Rossi Antonella , Weber Elisabetta , Lorenzini Guido
Published: March 2010

Gerli R, Secciani I, Sozio F, Rossi A, Weber E, Lorenzini G. Absence of lymphatic vessels in human dental pulp: a morphological study. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 110–117. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci

Few and controversial data are available in the literature regarding the presence of lymphatic vessels in the human dental pulp. The present study was designed to examine morphologically the existence of a lymph drainage system in human dental pulp. Human dental pulp and skin sections were immunohistochemically stained with specific antibodies for lymphatic endothelium (D2‐40, LYVE‐1, VEGFR‐3 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐3], and Prox‐1), with the pan‐endothelial markers CD31 and von Willebrand factor (vWF), and with the blood‐specific marker CD34. Several blood vessels were identified in human pulps and skin. Lymphatic vessels were found in all human skin samples but in none of the pulps examined. Western blotting performed on human dermis and on pulps treated with collagenase (to remove odontoblasts) confirmed these results. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that vessels which, by light microscopy, appeared to be initial lymphatic vessels had no anchoring filaments or discontinuous basement membrane, both of which are typical ultrastructural characteristics of lymphatic vessels. These results suggest that under normal conditions human dental pulp does not contain true lymphatic vessels. The various theories about dental pulp interstitial fluid circulation should be revised accordingly.
Expression of the T‐cell‐specific adapter protein in oral epithelium
Authors: Kolltveit Kristin M. , Schreurs Olav , Østrem Janet , Søland Tine M. , Khuu Cuong , Berge Tone , Messelt Edward , Hayashi Katsuhiko , Granum Stine , Spurkland Anne , Schenck Karl
Published: March 2010

Kolltveit KM, Schreurs O, Østrem J, Søland TM, Khuu C, Berge T, Messelt E, Hayashi K, Granum S, Spurkland A, Schenck K. Expression of the T‐cell‐specific adapter protein in oral epithelium. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 159–167. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci

The multifunctional T‐cell‐specific adapter protein (TSAd) was originally described in T cells but is also expressed in epithelial cells from the respiratory tract and in endothelium. In this study, we found expression of TSAd messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in both human and murine oral mucosal epithelium as well as in human primary oral keratinocyte cell cultures. In TSAd−/− mice, the mucosa and skin appeared macroscopically normal, but severe disturbances were observed in the fine structures of the basal membrane and intercellular epithelial spaces upon analysis using transmission electron microscopy. Oral epithelial cells from TSAd−/− mice displayed decreased migration compared with cells from wild‐type mice, whereas overexpression of TSAd in a human epithelial cell line resulted in impaired proliferation. This study is the first to show that TSAd is expressed in normal oral mucosa, that it is important for the normal ultrastructural morphology of the epithelium and the basal membrane, and that it is involved in the migration and proliferation of oral keratinocytes.
Gene expression and dental enamel structure in developing mouse incisor
Authors: Sehic Amer , Risnes Steinar , Khan Qalb‐E‐Saleem , Khuu Cuong , Osmundsen Harald
Published: March 2010

Sehic A, Risnes S, Khan Q‐E‐S, Khuu C, Osmundsen H. Gene expression and dental enamel structure in developing mouse incisor. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 118–130. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci

At the mouse incisor tip the initially differentiated ameloblasts produce a thin, prism‐free enamel, while further apically, in the immediate adjacent segment, the enamel thickness increases and the four‐layered enamel of mouse incisor is formed. Comparative gene‐expression profiling was carried out on RNA isolated from these two segments of incisor tooth germs at embryonic day (E)17.5 and at postnatal days (P)0, 1, 2, and 10 using microarrays to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) species present in the segments. Validation of expression data was achieved using real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and western blotting. Bioinformatic data suggested enhanced cellular apoptosis in the incisal tip segment, which, together with diminished expression of the Amelx and Enam genes, may contribute to the production of the thin enamel seen in this tooth segment. For genes exhibiting higher levels of expression in the adjacent segment where complex enamel is being formed, bioinformatic analysis suggested significant associations with cellular functions involving the actin cytoskeleton, cellular development, morphology, and movement. This is suggested to reflect that ameloblasts with Tomes’ process are being organized in transverse rows, facilitating the transverse movement that results in prism decussation in the inner enamel of the adjacent segment. Bioinformatic analysis of miRNA expression data lends support to these suggestions.
Energy transfer, volumetric expansion, and removal of oral biofilms by non‐contact brushing
Authors: Busscher H. J. , Jager D. , Finger G. , Schaefer N. , Van Der Mei H. C.
Published: March 2010

Busscher HJ, Jager D, Finger G, Schaefer N, van der Mei HC. Energy transfer, volumetric expansion, and removal of oral biofilms by non‐contact brushing. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 177–182. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci

Non‐contact removal of oral biofilms offers advantages beyond the reach of bristles, but it is unknown how energy transfer for removal from brush‐to‐biofilm occurs. In the present study we evaluated non‐contact, oral biofilm removal by oscillating‐rotating and sonic toothbrushes, and their acoustic output up to 6 mm distance. Whereas some brushes removed biofilm when used at a distance of up to 6 mm, others lost efficacy at a distance of 2–4 mm from the biofilm. Loss of efficacy was accompanied with high standard deviations and volumetric biofilm expansion. Both sonic and oscillating‐rotating brushes caused fluid flows and the inclusion of air‐bubbles, while non‐contact acoustic energy‐transfer was demonstrated to decay with distance for both types of brushes. We put forward the following mechanism for non‐contact removal: (i) brush energy is absorbed by biofilm, resulting in the visco‐elastic expansion of the biofilm; (ii) if the energy absorbed is sufficient and deformation is beyond the yield point, biofilm removal occurs; and (iii) if deformation is in the plastic range but below the yield point (i.e. at the limiting distance for non‐contact removal), biofilm is expanded but not removed.
Tuberculosis of the oral cavity: a systematic review
Authors: Kakisi Ourania K. , Kechagia Argiro S. , Kakisis Ioannis K. , Rafailidis Petros I. , Falagas Matthew E.
Published: March 2010

Kakisi OK, Kechagia AS, Kakisis IK, Rafailidis PI, Falagas ME. Tuberculosis of the oral cavity: a systematic review. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 103–109. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci

The recent increase in the incidence of tuberculosis, combined with an emerging global resistance to antituberculous drugs, warrants an increased awareness of the involvement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in persistent or atypical lesions in the oral cavity. We sought to review the published reports of mycobacterial infection of the oral cavity found in the literature in otherwise uncompromised patients, from 1950 to the present day, and analyzed the documented manifestations. M. tuberculosis infects all parts of the mouth (soft and hard palate, uvula, buccal mucosa, gingivae, lips, tongue, maxilla, and mandible) more often in men than in women, appearing predominantly in the form of ulcerative lesions. It was found as a secondary infection in 58% (54% pulmonary, 4% extrapulmonary) of patients and as a primary infection in 42% of patients. Carcinomas are found to co‐exist in the same lesion site in 3% of patients. In approximately 50% of patients, an oral manifestation of TB has led to the diagnosis of a previously unknown systemic infection, which resulted in a timely and effective treatment. The investigation for tuberculosis should therefore be actively pursued in the dental surgery. Diagnostic work‐up for systemic involvement and control of healthcare‐associated spread is important, while therapeutic options are still considered adequate.
REVIEW ARTICLE: Regulatory T Cells and Their Role in Pregnancy
Authors: Leber Anne , Teles Ana , Zenclussen Ana C.
Published: March 2010

Citation Leber A, Teles A, Zenclussen AC. Regulatory T cells and their role in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010

Regulatory T cells emerge in the last years as key players in allowing fetal survival within the maternal uterus. They were shown to be a unique subpopulation of T cells expanding during human and murine pregnancy. The importance of Treg for a normal pregnancy situation was proven by studies showing that their absence impairs murine pregnancy while the adoptive transfer of Treg prevents fetal rejection. In humans, pregnancy pathologies are associated with lower Treg frequencies while therapies that improve pregnancy outcome are able to boost their number. Functional studies have shown that Treg can regulate immune cell responses directly at the fetal–maternal interface either by interacting with other cells or by inducing the expression of immune regulatory molecules. This article revises relevant literature on regulatory T cells in human and murine pregnancy.
Has number of previous episodes any effect on response to group psychoeducation in bipolar patients? A 5-year follow-up post hoc analysis
Authors: Colom Francesc , Reinares María , Pacchiarotti Isabella , Popovic Dina , Mazzarini Lorenzo , Martínez-Arán Anabel , Torrent Carla , Rosa Adriane , Palomino-Otiniano Rosario , Franco Carolina , Bonnin Caterina M. , Vieta Eduard
Published: March 2010

Colom F, Reinares M, Pacchiarotti I, Popovic D, Mazzarini L, Martínez-Arán A, Torrent C, Rosa A, Palomino-Otiniano R, Franco C, Bonnin CM, Vieta E. Has number of previous episodes any effect on response to group psychoeducation in bipolar patients? A 5-year follow-up post hoc analysis.

Objective:

One of the main utilities of staging in bipolar disorder is enhancing the formulation of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies. Hence, it is essential to ascertain whether the number of previous episodes influences treatment response. Hereby, we present a 5-year post hoc study on the efficacy of group psychoeducation for bipolar disorders according to the number of previous episodes.

Methods:

For this subanalysis, we have compared the 5-year outcome of 120 euthymic psychoeducated versus non-psychoeducated bipolar patients according to the number of previous episodes at study entry.

Results:

Patients with more than seven episodes at study entry did not show any significant improvement with psychoeducation according to time to recurrence. Patients with more than 14 episodes did not benefit from psychoeducation in terms of a reduction of time spent ill. Patients with 7 or 8 episodes showed a benefit in terms of fewer days spent in hypomania, depression, mixed episodes or any episodes but not mania, while patients with 9–14 episodes showed a benefit in terms of fewer days spent in hypomania and depression but not in mixed states or mania. Only patients who presented up to 6 episodes showed reduction in time spent in any episode polarity.

Conclusion:

The number of previous episodes clearly worsens response to psychoeducation, perhaps in a more subtle way than that observed with other psychological therapies. Psychoeducation should be delivered as soon as possible in the illness course, supporting the idea of early intervention.
Emotional vulnerability and cognitive control in patients with bipolar disorder and their healthy siblings: a pilot study
Authors: Houshmand Kathrin , Bräunig Peter , Gauggel Siegfried , Kliesow Katrin , Sarkar Rahul , Krüger Stephanie
Published: March 2010

Scheuch K, Bräunig P, Gauggel S, Kliesow K, Sarkar R, Krüger S. Emotional vulnerability and cognitive control in patients with bipolar disorder and their healthy siblings: a pilot study.

Objective:

There is evidence that, even in remission, patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have deficits in cognitive function and emotional regulation. Siblings of patients with BD are also reported to exhibit minor dysfunction in neuropsychological domains. In this study, we examined the interference of acute mood state with reaction time (RT) and response inhibition in euthymic patients with BD, in their healthy siblings and in healthy controls.

Methods:

A total of 34 patients with bipolar I disorder, 22 healthy siblings and 33 healthy controls performed a stop-signal paradigm after induction of a transient intense sadness and a relaxed mood state. The differences in RT and the response inhibition were compared between the groups.

Results:

Euthymic patients with BD displayed a higher emotional reactivity compared with their siblings and with controls. Compared with controls, patients with BD showed longer RTs in a relaxed mood state and a delay in response inhibition during emotional activation.

Conclusions:

The present study provides evidence for the clinical observation that patients with BD have shorter RTs when in a state of emotional arousal rather than in a relaxed state. Inhibitory deficits in these patients may be because of a too strong emotional arousal. The results show that in patients with BD, relaxation and emotional arousal are inversely associated with performance in a neuropsychological task. This is in contrast to findings in healthy individuals suggesting a dysbalance in emotional regulation in these patients.
Bipolar disorder and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with higher rates of anxiety and impulse control disorders
Authors: Issler Cilly Klüger , Monkul Emel Serap , Amaral José Antonio de Mello Siqueira , Tamada Renata Sayuri , Shavitt Roseli Gedanke , Miguel Eurípedes C. , Lafer Beny
Published: March 2010

Issler CK, Monkul ES, Amaral JAMS, Tamada RS, Shavitt RG, Miguel EC, Lafer B. Bipolar disorder and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with higher rates of anxiety and impulse control disorders.

Objective:

Although bipolar disorder (BD) with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is highly prevalent, few controlled studies have assessed this comorbidity. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and expression of comorbid disorders in female BD patients with OCD.

Method:

We assessed clinically stable female outpatients with BD: 15 with comorbid OCD (BD+OCD group) and 15 without (BD/no-OCD group). All were submitted to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, with additional modules for the diagnosis of kleptomania, trichotillomania, pathological gambling, onychophagia and skin picking.

Results:

The BD+OCD patients presented more chronic episodes, residual symptoms and previous depressive episodes than the BD/no-OCD patients. Of the BD+OCD patients, 86% had a history of treatment-emergent mania, compared with only 40% of the BD/no-OCD patients. The following were more prevalent in the BD+OCD patients than the BD/no-OCD patients: any anxiety disorder other than OCD; impulse control disorders; eating disorders; and tic disorders.

Conclusion:

Female BD patients with OCD may represent a more severe form of disorder than those without OCD, having more depressive episodes and residual symptoms, and being at a higher risk for treatment-emergent mania, as well as presenting a greater anxiety and impulse control disorder burden.
Medication in elderly people: its influence on salivary pattern, signs and symptoms of dry mouth
Authors: Leal Soraya Coelho , Bittar Juliana , Portugal Aline , Falcão Denise P. , Faber Jorge , Zanotta Pedro
Published: March 2010

doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00293.x
 
Medication in elderly people: its influence on salivary pattern, signs and symptoms of dry mouth

Objective:  To compare stimulated and non‐stimulated salivary flow, pH, buffering capacity and presence of signs and symptoms of hyposialie and xerostomia in elderly patients, with senile dementia using medication and healthy elderly subjects not using medication.

Methods:  Forty individuals (mean age: 68.5 years) were divided into two groups, according to the use (G1) or non‐use (G2) of medication and the presence (G1) or absence (G2) of senile dementia. Data with reference to the general health condition, use of medication and the patient’s complaints were collected during anamnesis. Clinical examination identified signs associated with hyposialie and xerostomia. Stimulated and non‐stimulated saliva flow, pH and buffering capacity were verified.

Results:  The stimulated saliva flow in both groups was below normal parameters. The drugs used by individuals in G1 showed xerostomic potential. Individuals with a higher consumption of xerostomic medication presented with dry and cracked lips. A significant negative relationship was found between drugs consumption and the buffering capacity (p < 0.001), and the resting saliva flow rate (p = 0.002).

Conclusion:  The use of medication increases the chance that an elderly person may present signs related to xerostomia and alterations in stimulated saliva flow and buffering capacity.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexual Dysfunction in Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Tsai Tzung-Yi , Chen Shu-Yi , Tsai Mei-Huei , Su Yi-Lin , Ho Chih-Ming , Su Hui-Fang
Published: March 2010

Introduction

Cervical cancer (CC), compared with other gynecological cancers, has critical implications for women's sexual lives. For most Asian people, the issue of sexual dysfunction (SD) is treated as a taboo especially in a conservative culture. As a result, little is known about the prevalence of SD among CC patients.

Aims

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SD and associated factors among CC patients.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional correlation design with the purposive sampling to recruit 105 CC patients from a hospital in Northern Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was used in this study to collect demographic data, disease characteristics, and information provided by the Chinese version of the Female Sexual Function Index scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression.

Main Outcome Measure

The prevalence of SD and the main predictors for SD were determined.

Results

The crude prevalence and age-standardized prevalence of SD were 66.67% and 55%, respectively. CC patients with a lower level of education (≤9th grade) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–10.37), who were older (AOR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.07–1.25), who had received no sexual-counseling services prior to therapy or later (AOR: 4.98; 95% CI: 2.31–9.71), or were stage II or above (AOR: 4.34; 95% CI: 1.65–19.09) showed a significantly higher risk of SD compared with those without these conditions.

Conclusions

Our findings are beneficial to health-care providers by identifying the prevalence of SD and by pinpointing those groups with a higher predisposition of having SD, which will allow the provision of appropriate rehabilitation.
Post-translational Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) by Estrogens in the Rat Vagina
Authors: Musicki Biljana , Liu Tongyun , Strong Travis D. , Lagoda Gwen A. , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Burnett Arthur L.
Published: March 2010

Introduction

Estrogens control vaginal blood flow during female sexual arousal mostly through nitric oxide (NO). Although vascular effects of estrogens are attributed to an increase in endothelial NO production, the mechanisms of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) regulation by estrogens in the vagina are largely unknown.

Aims

Our hypothesis was that estrogens regulate eNOS post-translationally in the vagina, providing a mechanism to affect NO bioavailability without changes in eNOS protein expression.

Methods

We measured eNOS phosphorylation and eNOS interaction with caveolin-1 and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in the distal and proximal vagina of female rats at diestrus, 7 days after ovariectomy and 2 days after replacement of ovariectomized rats with estradiol-17β (15 µg).

Main Outcome Measures

Molecular mechanisms of eNOS regulation by estrogen in the rat vagina.

Results

We localized phospho-eNOS (Ser-1177) immunohistochemically to the endothelium lining blood vessels and vaginal sinusoids. Estrogen withdrawal decreased phosphorylation of eNOS on its positive regulatory site (Ser-1177) and increased eNOS binding to its negative regulator caveolin-1 (without affecting eNOS/HSP90 interaction), and they were both normalized by estradiol replacement. Protein expressions of phosphorylated Akt (protein kinase B) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were not affected by estrogen status, suggesting that the effect of estrogens on eNOS (Ser-1177) phosphorylation was not mediated by activated AKT or ERK1/2. eNOS phosphorylation on its negative regulatory site (Ser-114) was increased in the vagina by estrogen withdrawal and normalized by estradiol replacement, implying that the maintenance of low phosphorylation of eNOS on this site by estradiol may limit eNOS interaction with caveolin-1 and preserve the enzyme’s activity. Total eNOS, inducible NOS, caveolin-1, and HSP90 protein expressions were not affected by ovariectomy or estradiol replacement in the distal or proximal vagina.

Conclusions

These results define novel estrogen signaling mechanisms in the vagina which involve eNOS phosphorylation and eNOS–caveolin-1 interaction.
Sexual Function in Women 3 Days and 6 Weeks After Childbirth: A Prospective Longitudinal Study Using the Taiwan Version of the Female Sexual Function Index
Authors: Chang Shiow-Ru , Chang Ting-Chen , Chen Kuang-Ho , Lin Ho-Hsiung
Published: March 2010

Introduction

Childbirth impacts sexual function in women, but few reports have addressed sexual function shortly after childbirth.

Aim

Using the Taiwan version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFIT), this study aimed to describe women’s sexual function and to examine differences between groups in sexual function shortly after delivery.

Methods

A prospective longitudinal investigation was performed in women who completed the FSFIT, a numeric analog scale, the Taiwan version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and a demographic questionnaire in a Taiwanese medical center at 3 days and 6 weeks postpartum.

Main Outcome Measures

Using a general linear model, differences were tested between groups, including those defined by delivery mode, type of feeding, depression score, pain score, and birth history.

Results

After adjusting for covariates, (i) significant differences in sexual function and desire were found between the vaginal delivery and Cesarean section groups at day 3 and week 6 postpartum (P = 0.0419 and <0.0001, respectively); (ii) differences in desire and satisfaction between the tubal ligation and not groups were significant at both time points (P = 0.0346 and 0.0338); (iii) differences in sexual function and sexual activity or intercourse between low and high CES-D scores were significant at 6 weeks postpartum (P = 0.0040 and 0.0043, respectively); and (iv) differences between pain level groups in sexual activity or intercourse and desire were significant at 6 weeks (P = 0.0493 and 0.0004). At 3 days postpartum, significant differences between educational level and ethnic groups were observed (P = 0.0002 and 0.0414).

Conclusions

The results showed significant differences in sexual function shortly after delivery between groups based on delivery method, tubal ligation, depression, pain, ethnicity, and educational level. This information may help health professionals to be more aware of women’s perception of sexuality and may foster sensitivity in assessing their sexual function after childbirth.
Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β Type I Receptor Kinase (ALK5) Inhibitor Alleviates Profibrotic TGF-β1 Responses in Fibroblasts Derived from Peyronie’s Plaque
Authors: Piao Shuguang , Choi Min Ji , Tumurbaatar Munkhbayar , Kim Woo Jean , Jin Hai-Rong , Shin Sun Hwa , Tuvshintur Buyankhuu , Yin Guo Nan , Song Jae Sook , Kwon Mi-Hye , Lee Sang-Jin , Han Jee-Young , Kim Seong-Jin , Ryu Ji-Kan , Suh Jun-Kyu
Published: March 2010

Introduction

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been identified as an important fibrogenic cytokine associated with Peyronie’s disease (PD).

Aim

The aim of this study was to study the differential expression of the TGF-β1 and Smad transcription factors in plaque tissue from PD patients and to determine the antifibrotic effect of SKI2162 (SK Chemicals, Seoul, South Korea), a novel small-molecule inhibitor of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), a type I receptor of TGF-β, in primary fibroblasts derived from human PD plaque.

Methods

Plaque tissue was isolated from five PD patients, and tunica albuginea tissue was obtained from four control patients. Plaque tissues from a patient with PD were used for primary fibroblast culture. Fibroblasts were pretreated with SKI2162 (10 µM) and then stimulated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL).

Main Outcome Measures

The plaque or tunica albuginea tissue was stained with Masson’s trichrome or antibody to TGF-β1, phospho-Smad2 (P-Smad2), and P-Smad3. Protein was extracted from treated fibroblasts for Western blotting, and the membranes were probed with antibody to P-Smad2/Smad2, P-Smad3/Smad3, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen IV. We also determined the inhibitory effect of SKI2162 on TGF-β1-induced nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 in fibroblasts.

Results

The plaque tissue from PD patients showed higher TGF-β1, P-Smad2, and P-Smad3 immunoreactivity than did the tunica albuginea tissue from control patients. SKI2162 not only blocked TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2 and Smad3, but also inhibited the production of extracellular matrix markers in fibroblasts derived from human PD plaque.

Conclusion

In light of the pivotal role of TGF-β and Smads in the pathogenesis of PD, pharmacologic inhibition of ALK5 may represent a novel targeted approach to treating PD.
The Relationship between Lifelong Premature Ejaculation and Monosymptomatic Enuresis
Authors: Gökçe Ahmet , Ekmekcioglu Oguz
Published: March 2010

Introduction

Although both biological and psychological factors are important in the etiologies, the underlying physiopathologies of lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) and monosymptomatic enuresis (ME) are not completely understood.

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of ME in men diagnosed with lifelong PE and relationships of these two conditions.

Methods

Between December 2008 and November 2009, we designed a prospective randomized study in 51 patients who had presented with lifelong PE and in age-matched 106 healthy control cases without PE. If the patient declared that he ejaculated less than 1 minute more than half of his intercourse attempts, he was enrolled in the study.

Main Outcome Measures

All subjects included in this study underwent general and urological physical examinations and were asked about their history of ME. The frequency of enuresis was graded using the following criteria: (i) 1–2 times/week as infrequent; (ii) 3–5 times/week as moderate; and (iii) 6–7 times/week as severe. Only patients with primary ME were evaluated.

Results

Of the 51 premature ejaculator men, 19 (37.2%) had a history of ME. Among these 19 men, five (26.3%) had severe, six (31.6%) had moderate, and eight (42.1%) had infrequent enuresis. Of the 106 control cases, 16 (15.1%) had a history of ME and of these 16 patients, three (18.7%) had severe, five (31.2%) had moderate, and eight (50%) had infrequent enuresis. Compared with control population (15.1%), the prevalence of ME in the premature ejaculators (37.2%) was more than twofold higher (P <0.005).

Conclusion

We have found a significant increase in ME prevalence in lifelong premature ejaculators. A common deficiency of inhibitory signal processing in the central nervous system may underlie both inability to inhibit the ejaculation and micturition in these patients or genetic predisposition may play a significant role. Further prospective studies are needed to explain the relationship between lifelong PE and ME.
Assessment of endothelial function and blood metabolite status following acute ingestion of a fructose‐containing beverage
Authors: Bidwell A. J. , Holmstrup M. E. , Doyle R. P. , Fairchild T. J.
Published: March 2010

Aim:  Fructose intake has increased concurrent with sugar intake and this increase has been implicated in contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome risk factors. Recent evidence suggests a role for uric acid (UA) as a potential mediator via suppression of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The aim of this study was to explore this hypothesis by measuring changes in UA concentration and systemic NO bioavailability as well as endothelial function in response to acute ingestion of a glucose‐fructose beverage.

Methods:  Ten young (26.80 ± 4.80 years), non‐obese (body mass index: 25.1 ± 2.55 kg m−2; percent body fat: 13.5 ± 6.9%) male subjects ingested either a glucose (100 g dextrose in 300 mL) or isocaloric glucose‐fructose (glucose : fructose; 45 : 55 g in 300 mL) beverage. Blood was sampled pre‐ and every 15‐min post‐ingestion per 90 min and assayed for glucose, lactate, fructose, total nitrate/nitrate, UA and blood lipids. Forearm blood flow and pulse‐wave velocity were recorded prior to and at 30 and 45 min time intervals post‐ingestion, respectively, while heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded every 15 min.

Results:  The glucose‐fructose ingestion was associated with a significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma lactate concentration and altered free fatty acid levels when compared with glucose‐only ingestion. However, UA was not significantly different (P = 0.08) between conditions (AUC: −1018 ± 1675 vs. 2171 ± 1270 μmol L−1 per 90 min for glucose and glucose‐fructose conditions respectively). Consequently, no significant (P < 0.05) difference in endothelial function or systemic NO bioavailability was observed.

Conclusion:  Acute consumption of a fructose‐containing beverage was not associated with significantly altered UA concentration, endothelial function or systemic NO bioavailability.
P‐glycoprotein (ABCB1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2) Localize in the Microvessels Forming the Blood‐Tumor Barrier in Ependymomas
Authors: Ginguené Carole , Champier Jacques , Maallem Said , Strazielle Nathalie , Jouvet Anne , Fèvre‐Montange Michelle , Ghersi‐Egea Jean‐François
Published: March 2010

Ependymomas are neuroepithelial tumors that arise from the ependymal layer bordering the cerebral ventricles and spinal canal. Intracranial ependymoma represents a major encephalic tumor in children, while spinal ependymoma develops more frequently in adults. To understand the pharmacoresistance that characterizes this tumoral entity, we analyzed the level of expression and localization of three major efflux transport proteins with a multidrug resistance function, P‐glycoprotein, multidrug resistance‐related protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), in a series of 25 ependymomas from both children and adults. Real‐time‐PCR analysis showed that all three genes were expressed in all tumors, with no apparent correlation between the level of expression and either age or tumor grade. The MRP1 transcript was expressed at a significantly higher level in spinal tumors than in intracranial tumors. The expression of the proteins corresponding to these genes was confirmed by Western blot analysis. In an immunohistochemical study, P‐glycoprotein and BCRP were shown to be associated with the tumoral vessels, where they presented a luminal localization, a prerequisite for their efflux drug activity into the blood. These data indicate that a biochemical, transporter‐dependent blood–tumor barrier may exist in ependymomas, which may reduce the tumoral bioavailability of lipophilic and amphiphilic anticancer drugs.
Comparison of Tomatillo and Tomato Volatile Compounds in the Headspace by Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT‐MS)
Authors: Xu Yichi , Barringer Sheryl
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT:  The concentration of 31 volatiles were measured in the headspace of tomatillos using selected ion flow tube‐mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS), and were compared with those in vine‐ripened tomato, roma tomato, cherry tomato, and grape tomato. None of the volatiles were higher in the headspace of tomatillos than of tomatoes. Compounds (E)‐2‐octenal, (E)‐2‐pentenal, 2‐isobutylthiazole, 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, and phenylacetaldehyde were significantly lower in tomatillo than in the tomato varieties in the headspace. After blending, volatiles in the headspace increased, and then decreased after reaching a maximum concentration, due to further degradation or depletion. Compounds (E)‐2‐pentenal and 1‐penten‐3‐one reached a maximum concentration later than (E)‐2‐hexenal, (Z)‐3‐hexenal, and hexanal for tomatillo and tomatoes. The slope of the ratio of (E)‐2‐hexenal and (Z)‐3‐hexenal was not significantly different for any of the samples, implying that the activity of cis/trans isomerase was not different between tomatillos and tomatoes.
Effect of Solid Fat Content on Structure in Ice Creams Containing Palm Kernel Oil and High‐Oleic Sunflower Oil
Authors: Sung Kristine K. , Goff H. Douglas
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT:  The development of a structural fat network in ice cream as influenced by the solid:liquid fat ratio at the time of freezing/whipping was investigated. The solid fat content was varied with blends of a hard fraction of palm kernel oil (PKO) and high‐oleic sunflower oil ranging from 40% to 100% PKO. Fat globule size and adsorbed protein levels in mix and overrun, fat destabilization, meltdown resistance, and air bubble size in ice cream were measured. It was found that blends comprising 60% to 80% solid fat produced the highest rates of fat destabilization that could be described as partial coalescence (as opposed to coalescence), lowest rates of meltdown, and smallest air bubble sizes. Lower levels of solid fat produced fat destabilization that was better characterized as coalescence, leading to loss of structural integrity, whereas higher levels of solid fat led to lower levels of fat network formation and thus also to reduced structural integrity.

Practical Application: Blends of highly saturated palm kernel oil and monounsaturated high‐oleic sunflower oil were used to modify the solid:liquid ratio of fat blends used for ice cream manufacture. Blends that contained 60% to 80% solid fat at freezing/whipping temperatures produced optimal structures leading to low rates of meltdown. This provides a useful reference for manufacturers to help in the selection of appropriate fat blends for nondairy‐fat ice cream.