bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Transformer Heat Circuit Model in Power Substation Station Area
Authors: Hou Zhe , Lv Xinliang , Yang Bo , Liu Hao , Liu Shulin , Yu Changlong
Published: July 2021

The hot spot temperature of transformers operating in the station area is calculated in real-time using the transformer heat path model as it is impossible to measure the internal winding hot spot temperature directly and modifying the transformer will increase the cost. The smart distribution transformer terminal is an important device for collecting and processing data on the side of the distribution transformer, with a container built from Linux inside to run an application (App) with specific functions developed in the Linux environment. Based on that, the heat circuit model of the transformer is developed into an App installed into the container of the smart distribution transformer terminal to realize the function of the real-time computing and warning of transformer hot spot temperature. It is expected to provide some reference for the transformer operating normally and stably.
Research on Optimal Scheduling Algorithm for Interruptible Load for Clean Electric Energy
Authors: Yin Hexuan , Wang Xiaowen , Wang Ying
Published: July 2021

The rapid growth of electric energy demand and the power construction of the lag have led to the problem of electricity shortage. At the same time, the idea of energy conservation and emission reduction and low-carbon environmental protection is gradually deepening in people’s hearts, making it inhibited by improving the development model of the installed capacity of the fire generator set. As an important measure to respond to the demand side response, the interrupt load is an effective means of solving this problem. In this context, this paper proposes an interrupting load management method that considers the advance notification time and uses a priority order method. Solving, making the application of interrupt load more secure and reliable and economic goals.
Classification of arrester defects based on Naive Bayesian inference
Authors: Ding Ning , Yang Ming , Su Ning , Qi Shuguang , Lu Qihong
Published: July 2021

Under the special environment of high temperature, high humidity and high salt, the development of the deterioration or latent defects of the arrester is accelerated. It is difficult to identify the abnormal state of arrester in special environment, only relying on the monitoring index of arrester. Therefore, this paper proposes a kind of lightning arrester defect recognition technology based on Naive Bayesian, which extracts the key features that affect the operation state of lightning arrester in special environment, and calculates the prior probability of training samples and the posterior probability of test samples through naive Bayesian algorithm, so as to identify the type of lightning arrester defects. The feasibility and correctness of the proposed method are analyzed and verified by the actual monitoring and detection data.
Evaluation of rural water environment governance in Changzhou
Authors: Yang Qiwen , Yu Xialei
Published: July 2021

Rural water environment governance is an urgent event in the increasingly serious situation of water pollution. In order to further explore the situation of rural water environment governance, this paper takes rural area in Changzhou as an example to explore its current condition, and the balanced scorecard model is used to establish a scientific and reasonable water environment governance index system from the financial dimension, customer dimension, internal operation dimension, learning and growth dimension. The weight of different dimensions is calculated by analytic hierarchy process. It is concluded that the proportion of the construction of the criterion layer is the highest (0.5648), the effectiveness of the water pollution policy formulation at the scheme layer (0.2862), and the soundness (0.1492) is the largest. Finally, according to the weight results, the corresponding suggestions for water environment governance are put forward.
Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in response to Dimethyl Phthalate in Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Hu Xiaochen , Wei Chenghui , Wang Shuang , Zhang Ze , Zhang Jing , Zhang Qichen , Shen Chenchen , Wei Jie
Published: July 2021

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is a common organic pollutant that can accumulate in aquatic organisms and pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems. Many studies have shown that DMP is toxic to marine organisms, but the toxicity mechanism of DMP in microalgae is still unclear. We measured indicators of cell growth, oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activity in Chlorella vulgaris exposed to DMP. The degree of growth inhibition of C. vulgaris cells increased with the increase of DMP concentration. Hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents increased significantly in C.vulgaris exposed to 800 mg/L DMP. Glutathione peroxidase and Superoxide dismutase activities both decreased in C. vulgaris exposed to 100 mg/L DMP. These data indicated that DMP treatment altered the redox status of C. vulgaris and that oxidative damage may be the main mechanism of DMP toxicity. The results lay a foundation for understanding the impact of DMP on C. vulgaris stress and provide a theoretical basis for the protection of aquatic ecosystems.
Effects of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate on growth, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in Dunaliella salina
Authors: Wang Shuang , Hu Xiaochen , Wei Chenghui , Zhang Qichen , He Luodi , Shen Chenchen , Wei Jie , Wang Yuan
Published: July 2021

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a toxic organic compound. It has been shown to exert negative effects on non-targeted aquatic organisms. In order to study the toxicological effects of DEHP on marine microalgae, we investigated cell growth, oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activities of Dunaliella salina under DEHP treatment. After exposure to DEHP of 10 to 800 mg/L for 7 days, D. salina growth was gradually inhibited with the increase in DEHP concentration. After D. salina was exposed to 400 mg/L DEHP for 4 days, the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in D. salina were significantly increased as compared with those in the control group. After 6 days of exposure to DEHP at 10 to 400 mg/L, glutathione peroxidase activity in D. salina was significantly reduced in the 10 and 40 mg/L DEHP groups. Exposure of D. salina to 100 to 400 mg/L DEHP resulted in significantly higher inhibition of total superoxide dismutase in D. salina (p<0.05), and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase of D. salina was significantly inhibited compared with that of the control group (p<0.01). The results showed that DEHP exposure can damage the antioxidant defense system and cause cell death in D. salina.
Study on the improvement design and ignition performance of B/KNO3 nitrate delay ignition charge under high overload
Authors: Zhang Xinhua , Shang Wei , Liu Qingle
Published: July 2021

To solve the problems of increased delay time spread and weak ignition capacity in the case of B/KNO3 lead cable ignition charge structure under high overload conditions. Several improvement and optimization measures were taken. Such as increasing the pressure of B/KNO3 ignition powder, increasing the strengthening cap, reducing the particle size of boron powder and pressing the empty shell at the output end. The performance of the improved and optimized delayed ignition device was verified by the 23-tooth hammering test. Results showed that the delay time, delay precision and ignition capacity of the improved delay ignition device met the requirements under the condition of high overload.
Air quality model of Anhui Province based on the EKC fitting
Authors: Shen Yuqin
Published: July 2021

Under the background of carbon neutrality, this paper selects the economic development and air quality panel data of 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province from 2005 to 2017 to verify the existence of the characteristics of EKC curve and the location of inflection point by establishing econometric model and using Eviews8.0 software, to explore the internal mechanism of action between economy and the environment, improve the economic development model of prefecture-level cities according to local conditions and realize the concept of coordinated and sustainable development of economy and environment. The results showed that the PM10 concentration and GDP per capita showed an inverse “N” type, and SO2, NO2 concentration and GDP per capita showed an “N” type, and did not show the characteristics of EKC curve. Secondly, on the internal effect mechanism between economic system and environmental system, the paper explores the influence of five control variables on the shape of EKC curve by introducing industrial structure, urbanization rate, the number of private cars, science and technology expenditure and greenery coverage of urban area. The shape of the curve changes by adding control variables. The results implied that why pollution levels vary between cities.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Energy Consumption in the Whole Process of Asphalt Pavement Construction
Authors: Han Ying , Fu Jiancun , Zhang Qingtao , Zhang Huan , Yang Fei
Published: July 2021

According to the life cycle theory, the project analyzed the energy consumption of the entire asphalt pavement construction process, and clarified the energy consumption monitoring method of key nodes during the asphalt pavement construction period and the energy consumption boundary of each link during the construction period; the raw materials used for the asphalt pavement and each link during the construction period The energy consumption was compared and analyzed, the key nodes of energy consumption control during the asphalt pavement construction period were clarified, the energy consumption of different asphalt mixtures were compared and analyzed, and the asphalt pavement energy consumption evaluation system was established.
H2O2: From Sustainable Synthesis to Fenton Assisted Environmental Application of Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Li Peiyuan
Published: July 2021

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has great application prospects in the wastewater treatment environmental field due to its clean degradation product of merely H2O. While the green synthesis and highly efficient purification are also challengeable but significant. Thus, we intended to overview the H2O2 preparation methods, which are environmentally friendly, producing efficiently and economically. Here, we first discussed the most widely used H2O2 producing method of anthraquinone autoxidation synthesis method and put forward the main drawback. Six ideal substitute methods were next put forward which are oxidation of alcohols, photocatalysis, synthesis from CO/O2/H2O mixtures, direct synthesis method, fuel cell method, and direct electrosynthesis method. We then analyzed the traditional homogeneous Fenton process and summarized the promising substitute application of H2O2 in water treatment through heterogeneous Fenton processes from three main points. They are advanced heterogeneous iron oxychloride, heterogeneous electro Fenton catalytic assistance, and heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalytic assistance. Finally, a new sequential process of H2O2 applied in the environment as a form of water treatment was envisaged and named as One-stop Sequential H2O2 Process combining each way from the source and terminal. Additionally, in all the methods mentioned, we restated mechanisms and redrawn them more concisely and clearly to make them easier to understand.
Effect of lycopene on environmental toxicity and pollution induced by PFOS
Authors: He Yinni , Tang Juan , Liu Qingguo
Published: July 2021

Objective: Intend to observe the effect of lycopene on reproductive toxicity induced by PFOS in male rats and its possible mechanism. Methods: 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 rats in each group. The control group was given CMC-Na solution. At the same time, the PFOS group and the low, middle and high dose LP protection groups were fed with poisoned feed (32mg/kg PFOS-K).In the meanwhile, the lycopene protection groups were given LP every other day according to their designed dose, and were killed continuously for 3 months. In addition, the sperm motility, number, LDH-X, CAT, GSH-Px, SOD enzyme activity and MDA content were detected and observed. Results: The sperm motility was 44.00%, 53.68% and 58.37%, respectively.The rate of sperm deformity decreased, and the levels of LDH-X and serum testosterone (T) recovered in varying degrees. Moreover, low, middle and high doses of LP could significantly restore the activities of SOD and CAT and reduce the content of MDA, which was significantly different from that of PFOS group (P<0.05). Conclusion: 10∼20mg/kg LP can protect against reproductive damage induced by subchronic low dose PFOS. In addition, antioxidant damage and regulation of testosterone secretion are important mechanisms for LP to protect reproductive damage induced by PFOS.
Study on remediation effect of natural mineral material mudstone on heavy metal lead contaminated soil
Authors: Zhang Baoqiang , Sun Yingying
Published: July 2021

Finding suitable materials to repair heavy metal lead pollution caused by mining, metal smelting and processing, domestic sewage discharge, sludge use, etc. is an important measure that needs to be taken at present. Mudstone is mainly composed of clay minerals such as illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite. The clay minerals and secondary minerals contained therein have the basic characteristics of repairing soil contaminated by heavy metals. Therefore, mudstone can be used as a remediation method for soil contaminated by heavy metal lead. Potential material. In this study, indoor simulation experiments were conducted to study the effects of adding mudstone to the soil on the toxic dissolution of lead and soil enzyme activities. The results showed that the addition of mudstone significantly reduced the toxic dissolution of lead in the soil, and the degree of reduction was proportional to the amount of mudstone added and time. The strong adsorption of mudstone is an important factor in solidifying the heavy metal lead in the soil. In addition, mudstone has improved the physical and chemical properties of the soil to a certain extent, and played a role in improving the soil.
Research on the Interior Air Quality and Pollution Control in New Vehicles in China
Authors: Zhu Zhenyu , Liu Xuefeng , Xu Shujie
Published: July 2021

This study utilizes national and industry standards to test the interior air quality of more than 30 new vehicles on the market, analyzes the vehicles’ VOCs and odor performance, and deeply investigates the current status of the interior air quality of new vehicles in China. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the GB/T 27630-2011 standard limits, the concentrations of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, formaldehyde, acrolein in vehicles have reached the standard except for acetaldehyde under normal temperature condition. However, under high temperature condition, the concentrations of these species were obviously higher than that under normal temperature condition. (2) Hundreds of VOC species have been detected in more than 30 vehicles. Among them, high-risk odor substances are aldehydes, alcohols, naphthalenes and other substances. Under high temperature condition, the VOC species emitted in vehicles obviously increased and the concentration was also higher. (3) Regardless of normal temperature or high temperature condition, the most frequently occurred odor description was leather, foam and pungent odors. The test results of objective odor intensity, odor concentration and odor pleasantness under high temperature condition are all worsen than that under normal temperature condition.
Research of adaptive nonlinear model by integrated irrigation of water and soils in greenhouse for environment and ecological balance
Authors: Zhang Jinggeng , Zhang WanJun , Zhang Feng , Zhang Jingxuan , Zhang Jingyi
Published: July 2021

In view of the high control cost and water consumption of the current commercial greenhouse automatic irrigation system, this paper presents an adaptive nonlinear model identification control algorithm based on the integrated irrigation of water, fertilizer and medicine in the greenhouse, and establishes an adaptive nonlinear model identification control model based on the integrated irrigation of water, fertilizer and medicine in the greenhouse: the adaptive blood equalizer theory is analyzed Based on the known theory, the LMS adaptive equalizer is simulated. The simulation results show that the denoising effect of the adaptive equalizer based on LMS algorithm is very significant, and the algorithm has small amount of calculation and is easy to be implemented in engineering. It has strong applicability. Under the premise of achieving effective greenhouse irrigation effect, the control system reduces the water consumption by 30%, and reduces the opening time of the irrigation system and the control cost.
Shear Strength of SFRC Piles without Shear Reinforcement using the Centrifugal Forming Technique
Authors: Raju R A , Akiyama M , Lim S , Kakegawa T , Hosono Y , Uno Y
Published: July 2021

This paper proposed a fabrication method of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) piles without shear reinforcement using the centrifugal forming technique to reorient the fibers perpendicular to the pile’s longitudinal axis for resisting the shear stresses. Effects of rotation patterns and concrete mixes on the fiber dispersion were investigated experimentally to identify the optimum procedure providing both well-oriented and well-distributed steel fibers. Using the X-ray radiography to visualize steel fibers inside the piles, it is confirmed that the centrifugal forming technique can realign the fibers in favor of the shear stresses. The shear test results show the effectiveness of the steel fibers in improving the shear strength of the SFRC piles due to good fiber dispersion. Moreover, the SFRC piles without shear reinforcement exhibited more ductile behavior than the RC piles with shear reinforcements. Steel fibers can be used to replace the shear reinforcements and improve the demanding productivity in the pile construction industry by saving time and labor.
Fundamental Study on Weather Resistance of Overlapping Layers between Al-5Mg Alloy Thermal Spray Coating and Heavy-duty Paint Coating
Authors: Yang H , Kainuma S , Yang M , Muto K , Asano T
Published: July 2021

In this study, to clarify the weather resistance of Al-5Mg alloy thermal spray coating film, the effect of thermal spraying fabrication was considered. The accelerated weathering test with a hydrogen peroxide solution was performed on the overlapping layer specimens, which compared two types of fluororesin as the top coating of heavy-duty paint coating. The test results clarified the effect from thermal spraying fabrication had almost no effect on the weather resistance of the heavy-duty paint coating when the spraying process was applied to the top coating.
Application of Daylight System for Densely Populated Kampung in Jakarta: A Review
Authors: Hanjani T A , Dewi O C , Putra N S D
Published: July 2021

This study aims to review the special daylight system applied for housing situated in a densely populated kampung in Jakarta. Rapid urbanization has made housing in city areas even denser, where the high density makes the distance between buildings closer. The high density of area limits the vertical opening; thus, daylight cannot get through. The literature review is used as an alternative intervention by collecting, transmitting, and distributing literature to present the strength, weaknesses, and possible implementations of special daylight systems. This paper review that special daylight systems with required light pipes specifications in densely populated kampung can be used as alternative systems that can be applied to bring natural light into a densely populated village, with longer day duration in tropical climates. In addition to bringing light into densely populated villages, the special daylight system with light pipes can be further explored to see its relationship with users’ comfort
On the decay of viscosity solutions to Hamilton–Jacobi equations with almost periodic initial data
Authors: Panov E.
Published: July 2021

The Cauchy problem is treated for a multidimensional Hamilton–Jacobi equation with a merely continuous nonstrictly convex Hamiltonian and a Bohr almost periodic initial function. Under the condition that the Hamiltonian is not degenerate in resonant directions (laying in the additive group generated by the spectrum of the initial function), the uniform decay of the viscosity solution to the constant equal to the infimum of the initial function is established.
Fiddlesticks: two bows from the Mary Rose
Authors: Fleming Michael
Published: July 2021

A crucial component of musical performance on bowed instruments is the bow, yet our knowledge of bows in early modern England is almost entirely derived from images that fail to represent bows in extensive or accurate detail. This article provides detailed descriptions of two musical instrument bows (mr81 a6975 and mr05 a0006) recovered from Henry VIII’s favourite ship the Mary Rose, which was wrecked in 1545 and salvaged in 1982. They probably belonged to the owners of the two fiddles recovered from the ship. Despite both bows being incomplete they provide unique evidence for the nature of such artefacts. One bow is a relatively crude object, made probably of oak, possibly by its owner for his own use. The other is a more sophisticated construction, apparently made of yew. Yew was the wood of choice for longbows but its use for musical instrument bows is previously unrecorded. This bow shows evidence of use, and some features indicate that either the bow was repaired or its design includes preparation for a known weakness. The bows are compared with continental European images and the potential forms of the missing parts are discussed. The possibility that two further finds from the Mary Rose (mr81 a1888 and mr82 a2036/2) are parts of musical instruments is dismissed.
Whole-genome sequencing of multiple isolates of Puccinia triticina reveals asexual lineages evolving by recurrent mutations
Authors: Fellers John P , Sakthikumar Sharadha , He Fei , McRell Katie , Bakkeren Guus , Cuomo Christina A , Kolmer James A
Published: July 2021

The wheat leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina Erikss., is a worldwide pathogen of tetraploid durum and hexaploid wheat. Many races of P. triticina differ for virulence to specific leaf rust resistance genes and are found in most wheat-growing regions of the world. Wheat cultivars with effective leaf rust resistance exert selection pressure on P. triticina populations for virulent race types. The objectives of this study were to examine whole-genome sequence data of 121 P. triticina isolates and to gain insight into race evolution. The collection included isolates comprising of many different race phenotypes collected worldwide from common and durum wheat. One isolate from wild wheat relative Aegilops speltoides and two from Ae. cylindrica were also included for comparison. Based on 121,907 informative variants identified relative to the reference Race 1-1 genome, isolates were clustered into 11 major lineages with 100% bootstrap support. The isolates were also grouped based on variation in 1311 predicted secreted protein genes. In gene-coding regions, all groups had high ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations and nonsense to readthrough mutations. Grouping of isolates based on two main variation principle components for either genome-wide variation or variation just within the secreted protein genes, indicated similar groupings. Variants were distributed across the entire genome, not just within the secreted protein genes. Our results suggest that recurrent mutation and selection play a major role in differentiation within the clonal lineages.
GC-biased gene conversion in X-chromosome palindromes conserved in human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque
Authors: Jackson Emily K , Bellott Daniel W , Skaletsky Helen , Page David C
Published: July 2021

Gene conversion is GC-biased across a wide range of taxa. Large palindromes on mammalian sex chromosomes undergo frequent gene conversion that maintains arm-to-arm sequence identity greater than 99%, which may increase their susceptibility to the effects of GC-biased gene conversion. Here, we demonstrate a striking history of GC-biased gene conversion in 12 palindromes conserved on the X chromosomes of human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque. Primate X-chromosome palindrome arms have significantly higher GC content than flanking single-copy sequences. Nucleotide replacements that occurred in human and chimpanzee palindrome arms over the past 7 million years are one-and-a-half times as GC-rich as the ancestral bases they replaced. Using simulations, we show that our observed pattern of nucleotide replacements is consistent with GC-biased gene conversion with a magnitude of 70%, similar to previously reported values based on analyses of human meioses. However, GC-biased gene conversion since the divergence of human and rhesus macaque explains only a fraction of the observed difference in GC content between palindrome arms and flanking sequence, suggesting that palindromes are older than 29 million years and/or had elevated GC content at the time of their formation. This work supports a greater than 2:1 preference for GC bases over AT bases during gene conversion and demonstrates that the evolution and composition of mammalian sex chromosome palindromes is strongly influenced by GC-biased gene conversion.
Familial co-aggregation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autoimmune diseases: a cohort study based on Swedish population-wide registers
Authors: Hegvik Tor-Arne , Chen Qi , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Klungsøyr Kari , Butwicka Agnieszka , Lichtenstein Paul , Almqvist Catarina , Faraone Stephen V , Haavik Jan , Larsson Henrik
Published: July 2021

Background

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with several autoimmune diseases (AD), both within individuals and across relatives, implying common underlying genetic or environmental factors in line with studies indicating that immunological mechanisms are key to brain development. To further elucidate the relationship between ADHD and autoimmunity we performed a population-wide familial co-aggregation study.

Methods

We linked Swedish national registries, defined a birth cohort with their biological relatives and identified individuals diagnosed with ADHD and/or 13 ADs. The cohort included 5 178 225 individuals born between 1960 and 2010, of whom 118 927 (2.30%) had been diagnosed with ADHD. We then investigated the associations between ADHD and ADs within individuals and across relatives, with logistic regression and structural equation modelling.

Results

Within individuals, ADHD was associated with a diagnosis of any of the 13 investigated ADs (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.30-1.38) as well as several specific ADs. Familial co-aggregation was observed. For example, ADHD was associated with any of the 13 ADs in mothers (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.26–1.32), fathers (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.11–1.18), full siblings (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.15–1.22), aunts (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.10–1.15), uncles (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.05–1.10) and cousins (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03–1.06). Still, the absolute risks of AD among those with ADHD were low. The genetic correlation between ADHD and a diagnosis of any of the investigated ADs was 0.13 (95% CI = 0.09–0.17) and the environmental correlation was 0.02 (95% CI = -0.03–0.06).

Conclusions

We found that ADHD and ADs co-aggregate among biological relatives, indicating that the relationship between ADHD and autoimmune diseases may in part be explained by shared genetic risk factors. The patterns of familial co-aggregation of ADHD and ADs do not readily support a role of maternal immune activation in the aetiology of ADHD. The findings have implications for aetiological models of ADHD. However, screening for autoimmunity among individuals with ADHD is not warranted.
Meeting them where they are on the web: addressing structural barriers for Latinos in telehealth care
Authors: Anaya Yohualli Balderas-Medina , Hernandez Giselle D , Hernandez Stephanie A , Hayes-Bautista David E
Published: July 2021

As we enter an era of health care that incorporates telehealth for routine provision of care, we can build a system that consciously and proactively includes vulnerable patients, thereby avoiding further exacerbation of health disparities. A practical way to reach out to Latino patients is to use media they already widely use. Rather than expect patients to adapt to suboptimal systems of telehealth care, we can improve telehealth for Latinos by using platforms already familiar to them and thereby refocus telehealth delivery systems to provide patient-centered care. Such care is responsive to patients’ needs and preferences; for Latinos, this includes using digital devices that they actually own (ie, smartphones). Equity-centered telehealth is accessible for all, regardless of linguistic, literacy, and socioeconomic barriers.
Feasibility of replacing the ICD-10-CM with the ICD-11 for morbidity coding: A content analysis
Authors: Fung Kin Wah , Xu Julia , McConnell-Lamptey Shannon , Pickett Donna , Bodenreider Olivier
Published: July 2021

Objective

The study sought to assess the feasibility of replacing the International Classification of Diseases–Tenth Revision–Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) with the International Classification of Diseases–11th Revision (ICD-11) for morbidity coding based on content analysis.

Materials and Methods

The most frequently used ICD-10-CM codes from each chapter covering 60% of patients were identified from Medicare claims and hospital data. Each ICD-10-CM code was recoded in the ICD-11, using postcoordination (combination of codes) if necessary. Recoding was performed by 2 terminologists independently. Failure analysis was done for cases where full representation was not achieved even with postcoordination. After recoding, the coding guidance (inclusions, exclusions, and index) of the ICD-10-CM and ICD-11 codes were reviewed for conflict.

Results

Overall, 23.5% of 943 codes could be fully represented by the ICD-11 without postcoordination. Postcoordination is the potential game changer. It supports the full representation of 8.6% of 943 codes. Moreover, with the addition of only 9 extension codes, postcoordination supports the full representation of 35.2% of 943 codes. Coding guidance review identified potential conflicts in 10% of codes, but mostly not affecting recoding. The majority of the conflicts resulted from differences in granularity and default coding assumptions between the ICD-11 and ICD-10-CM.

Conclusions

With some minor enhancements to postcoordination, the ICD-11 can fully represent almost 60% of the most frequently used ICD-10-CM codes. Even without postcoordination, 23.5% full representation is comparable to the 24.3% of ICD-9-CM codes with exact match in the ICD-10-CM, so migrating from the ICD-10-CM to the ICD-11 is not necessarily more disruptive than from the International Classification of Diseases–Ninth Revision–Clinical Modification to the ICD-10-CM. Therefore, the ICD-11 (without a CM) should be considered as a candidate to replace the ICD-10-CM for morbidity coding.
Multinational production and investment provisions in preferential trade agreements
Authors: Miroudot Sébastien , Rigo Davide
Published: July 2021

Using a novel database on multinational production (MP), this article investigates the impact of preferential trade agreements on foreign affiliates’ production activities. We find that trade agreements with investment provisions have a positive effect on MP. On average, signing an agreement including investment provisions is associated with increased MP up to 26% in the manufacturing sector and 34% in the services sector. Our findings suggest that investment provisions increase MP by facilitating multinationals operations in foreign markets, especially for activities requiring the proximity of suppliers and consumers, and by helping multinationals joining global value chains.
A rare case of spontaneous superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in a young patient: case report and review of literature
Authors: Darigny Sandrine , Astarci Parla , Elens Maxime
Published: July 2021

Spontaneous femoral artery pseudoaneurysm (PSA) is a rare disease and there are few reported cases. We report a case of a 17-year-old male with increasing left leg pain associated with swelling at the site of the pain. We observed a voluminous pulsatile mass. He had no history of trauma or surgery. Imaging confirmed a large PSA of the proximal portion of the left superficial femoral artery (SFA). The PSA was treated by resection of the aneurysm, reconstruction with inter-positional saphenous vein graft. Three months later; he came back to the emergency room for a pulsatile mass. The scan showed a PSA of his left SFA and a hematoma with active bleeding. It was treated surgically by resection of the aneurysm and reconstruction with graft.
Association between height and the risk of primary brain malignancy in adults: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Ahn Stephen , Han Kyungdo , Lee Jung Eun , Jeun Sin-Soo , Park Yong Moon , Joo Wonil , Yang Seung Ho
Published: July 2021

Background

The association between height and the risk of developing primary brain malignancy remains unclear. We evaluated the association between height and risk of primary brain malignancy based on a nationwide population-based database of Koreans.

Methods

Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance System cohort, 6 833 744 people over 20 years of age that underwent regular national health examination were followed from January 2009 until the end of 2017. We documented 4771 cases of primary brain malignancy based on an ICD-10 code of C71 during the median follow-up period of 7.30 years and 49 877 983 person-years.

Results

When dividing the population into quartiles of height for each age group and sex, people within the highest height quartile had a significantly higher risk of brain malignancy, compared to those within the lowest height quartile (HR 1.21 CI 1.18–1.32) after adjusting for potential confounders. We also found that the risk of primary brain malignancy increased in proportion with the quartile increase in height. After analyzing subgroups based on older age (≥ 65) and sex, we found positive relationships between height and primary brain malignancy in all subgroups.

Conclusions

This study is the first to suggest that height is associated with an increased risk of primary brain malignancy in the East-Asian population. Further prospective and larger studies with precise designs are needed to validate our findings.
Low-dose oral glucocorticoid therapy and risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Abtahi Shahab , Driessen Johanna H M , Burden Andrea M , Souverein Patrick C , van den Bergh Joop P , van Staa Tjeerd P , Boonen Annelies , de Vries Frank
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Clinical trials have shown that low-dose glucocorticoid therapy in patients with RA reduces bone loss in hands or hip, but the effect on osteoporotic fractures is not yet clear. Therefore, we investigated the use of low-dose oral glucocorticoids and risk of osteoporotic fractures among patients with RA.

Methods

This was a cohort study including patients with RA aged 50+ years from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1997 and 2017. Exposure to oral glucocorticoids was stratified by the most recent prescription in current (<6 months), recent (7–12 months) and past (>1 year) use, and average daily and cumulative doses. Risk of incident osteoporotic fractures (including hip, vertebrae, humerus, forearm, pelvis and ribs) was estimated by time-dependent Cox proportional-hazards models, adjusted for lifestyle parameters, comorbidities and comedications. Secondary analyses assessed osteoporotic fracture risk with a combination of average daily and cumulative doses of oral glucocorticoids.

Results

Among 15 123 patients with RA (mean age 68.8 years, 68% females), 1640 osteoporotic fractures occurred. Current low-dose oral glucocorticoid therapy (≤7.5 mg prednisolone equivalent dose/day) in patients with RA was not associated with overall risk of osteoporotic fractures (adjusted hazard ratio 1.14, 95% CI 0.98, 1.33) compared with past glucocorticoid use, but was associated with an increased risk of clinical vertebral fracture (adjusted hazard ratio 1.59, 95% CI 1.11, 2.29). Results remained unchanged regardless of a short-term or a long-term use of oral glucocorticoids.

Conclusion

Clinicians should be aware that even in RA patients who receive low daily glucocorticoid doses, the risk of clinical vertebral fracture is increased.
The attitudes and practices of physicians caring for patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: an international survey
Authors: Solomon Joshua J , Swigris Jeffrey J , Kreuter Michael , Polke Markus , Aronson Kerri , Hoffmann-Vold Anna-Maria , Dellaripa Paul F
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study sought to determine the level of understanding and opinion among rheumatologist and pulmonologists regarding risk factors, diagnostic approach and treatment of RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD).

Methods

We conducted an international electronic survey of rheumatologists and pulmonologists utilizing two separate Redcap-based surveys with questions on the epidemiology, workup and management of RA-ILD as well as ILD screening questions using case-based scenarios directed at rheumatologists. The survey also collected demographic data on participants including their practice setting, years in practice and country of practice.

Results

We received a total of 616 responses (354 rheumatologists and 262 pulmonologists) from six continents. There were significant differences in responses between pulmonologists and rheumatologists in estimated prevalence and mortality, risk factors for the development of ILD in RA and medications that are effective or should be avoided. Rheumatologists were much less likely to consider assessment for ILD in high risk, asymptomatic patients compared with high-risk patients with either symptoms or exam findings suggestive of ILD.

Conclusion

Our study brought to light the variability in disease assessment and clinical practice among providers caring for patients with RA-ILD and indicate that greater education is needed to optimize clinical decision making in the risk assessment, screening and treatment of RA-ILD. Research questions that address appropriate screening and treatment strategies for RA-ILD will be valuable for rheumatologists given their central role in the overall health and lung health of patients with RA.
Effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep and circadian rhythms in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Authors: Moderie Christophe , Boudreau Philippe , Shechter Ari , Lespérance Paul , Boivin Diane B
Published: July 2021

We previously found normal polysomnographic (PSG) sleep efficiency, increased slow-wave sleep (SWS), and a blunted melatonin secretion in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) compared to controls. Here, we investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin in five patients previously studied. They took 2 mg of slow-release melatonin 1 h before bedtime during their luteal phase (LP) for three menstrual cycles. At baseline, patients spent every third night throughout one menstrual cycle sleeping in the laboratory. Measures included morning urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMt6), PSG sleep, nocturnal core body temperature (CBT), visual analog scale for mood (VAS-Mood), Prospective Record of the Impact and Severity of Menstrual Symptoms (PRISM), and ovarian plasma hormones. Participants also underwent two 24-hour intensive physiological monitoring (during the follicular phase and LP) in time-isolation/constant conditions to determine 24-hour plasma melatonin and CBT rhythms. The same measures were repeated during their third menstrual cycle of melatonin administration. In the intervention condition compared to baseline, we found increased urinary aMt6 (p < 0.001), reduced objective sleep onset latency (p = 0.01), reduced SWS (p < 0.001), and increased Stage 2 sleep (p < 0.001). Increased urinary aMt6 was correlated with reduced SWS (r = −0.51, p < 0.001). Circadian parameters derived from 24-hour plasma melatonin and CBT did not differ between conditions, except for an increased melatonin mesor in the intervention condition (p = 0.01). Ovarian hormones were comparable between the conditions (p ≥ 0.28). Symptoms improved in the intervention condition, as measured by the VAS-Mood (p = 0.02) and the PRISM (p < 0.001). These findings support a role for disturbed melatonergic system in PMDD that can be partially corrected by exogenous melatonin.
Trustee duties versus equity’s moral conscience: trust law’s inadequate facilitation of socially responsible investment
Authors: Broadway Luke
Published: July 2021

Socially responsible investment (SRI) aims to affect social change whilst delivering financial benefits to investors. This article explores the extent to which trust law facilitates SRI. An analysis of trustee duties will demonstrate that, though in practice SRI is possible, the opportunities to lawfully employ such policies are limited. This insufficient facilitation conflicts with equity’s morally normative conscience which, it is argued, should necessitate SRI’s availability. This conflict is reconciled through an analysis of equity’s wider functions. Following an exploration of attempts at SRI facilitation within charity law, this article concludes by proposing an amendment to the Trustee Act 2000.
Climate of origin has no influence on drought adaptive traits and the drought responses of a widely distributed polymorphic shrub
Authors: Xu Gui-Qing , Farrell Claire , Arndt Stefan K
Published: July 2021

Climate has a significant influence on species distribution and the expression of functional traits in different plant species. However, it is unknown if subspecies with different climate envelopes also show differences in their expression of plant functional traits or if they respond differently to drought stress. We measured functional traits and drought responses of five subspecies of a widely distributed, cosmopolitan polymorphic shrub, Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq., in an experiment with 1-year-old plants. Functional traits, such as leaf size, specific leaf area, turgor loss point (ΨTLP), maximum stomatal conductance and maximum plant hydraulic conductance, differed among the five subspecies. However, while the were some differences among traits, these were not related to their climate of origin, as measured by mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation and mean annual aridity index. Drought response was also not related to climate of origin, and all subspecies showed a combination of drought avoiding and drought tolerance responses. All subspecies closed their stomata at very high water potentials (between −1.0 and −1.3 MPa) and had large hydraulic safety margins (drought avoidance). All subspecies adjusted their ΨTLP via osmotic adjustment, and subspecies with inherently lower ΨTLP showed greater osmotic adjustment (drought tolerance). All subspecies adjusted their midday water potentials in response to drought but subspecies from more arid environments did not show greater adjustments. The results indicated that climate niche was not related to plant trait expression or response to drought. The combination of drought avoidance and drought tolerance behavior seems to be a successful strategy for this widely distributed species that occupies many different climate zones and ecosystems. Hence, the wide distribution of D. viscosa seems to be related to plasticity of trait expression and drought response rather than long-term genetic adaptations to different environmental conditions.
Impact of Patient Engagement on Tailored Education for Joint Replacement Population Using Technology
Authors: Howell Bethany , Deyo Patricia , Swartwout Ellen , Herdman Nicole , Caldwell Vonda , Miller Carol H. (CJ) , Hui Vivian C.
Published: July 2021

Patient engagement and technology use for healthcare are important for optimal care. This study was designed to leverage technology in education among the adult joint population based on their engagement capacity and utilization of technology for care. A convenience sample of 80 patients undergoing joint replacement surgery and followed in the inpatient setting participated. Comparisons were made between an intervention group who completed the Person Engagement Index to measure their engagement capacity and received a technological educational plan based on their score versus those receiving the standard educational plan. The Person Engagement Index psychometrics were sound and indicated high engagement capacity. Overall, the groups did not differ in utilization, satisfaction, and education comprehension; however, the intervention group reported a higher unit mean for the extent they felt ready for discharge and instructions for care at home. Results of this study informed patients' engagement capacity and technology use for pre-/postoperative education for procedure expectations and self-management throughout the joint replacement process and recovery. Future research includes use of technology for engagement capacity and outcomes with other populations, collecting socio-demographic data to determine differences among groups and examining the patient and provider experience and satisfaction with using technology to enhance care and outcomes.
Nurses and Nursing Students' Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding the Use of Technology in Patient Care
Authors: Saab Mohamad M. , Landers Margaret , Egan Sophia , Murphy David , Hegarty Josephine
Published: July 2021

Advancements in information technology and computer science have resulted in the development of computerized healthcare information systems. Information technology can optimize patient care through providing immediate electronic education. The purpose of this mixed-methods systematic review was to synthesize evidence from studies exploring nurses and nursing students' attitudes and beliefs regarding the use of technology in patient care. Electronic databases Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Education Full Text, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycINFO, and ERIC were searched. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Convergent integrated synthesis was conducted. Eight studies were included. Technologies used in the reviewed studies include smartphones (n = 4) and Web-based information/educational resources (n = 4). Overall, nurses and nursing students' attitudes and beliefs regarding the use of smartphone applications were positive. When compared with other healthcare professionals, nurses were more likely to have access to Web-based resources and to appraise the importance of such resources in patient education. Nurses and nursing students are in a prime position to use technology in patient care and education. It is important therefore that nurses' positive attitudes toward technology be reinforced to increase the use and application of Web-based and smartphone technologies in clinical practice.