bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capillary electrokinetic chromatography for chiral separation of potential SARS‐CoV‐2 3CL protease inhibitors
Authors: Brier Lucile , Furman Christophe , Charton Julie , Deprez Benoit , Lipka Emmanuelle
Published: January 2024

In this work, a capillary electrophoresis method was developed as a quality control tool to determine the enantiomeric purity of a series of five chiral compounds evaluated as potential severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 3CL protease inhibitors. The first cyclodextrin tested, that is, highly sulfated‐β‐cyclodextrin, at 6% (m/v) in a 25 mM phosphate buffer, using a capillary dynamically coated with polyethylene oxide, at an applied voltage of 15 kV and a temperature of 25°C, was found to successfully separate the five derivatives. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated together with the greenness score of the method in order to evaluate the method in terms of analytical and environmental performance. In addition, it is noteworthy that simultaneously high‐performance liquid chromatography separation of the enantiomers of the same compounds with two different columns, the amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐coated and the cellulose tris(3,5‐dichlorophenylcarbamate)‐immobilized on silica stationary phases, was studied. Neither the former stationary phase nor the latter was able to separate all derivatives in a mobile phase consisting of n‐heptane/propan‐2‐ol 80/20 (v/v).
Experimental Study of Reverse Flow Solar Air Heater Having Perforation and Delta Wing on Absorber Plate
Authors: Sharma Sohan Lal , Debbarma Ajoy
Published: January 2024

fThe traditional solar air heater (SAH) has poor thermal performance due to low heat transfer coefficient. Artificial roughness, flow passage alteration, absorber modification, etc. can enhance it. Thus, an experimental investigation is performed to study the thermohydraulic characteristics of a reverse flow SAH with perforated absorber and delta wing (DW) structure. The present study investigates the effect of attack angle (15°–75°) at constant streamwise pitch (35 mm), transverse pitch (70 mm), height (h), and width (w) of DW 20 mm, under Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 4000 to 20 000. The perforation index (PI = ADW/Aap) for inline and staggered arrangements are 9.52 and 4.76, respectively. The results indicate that the concept of perforated absorber and DW leads to enhanced heat transfer, reduced pressure drops, and enhanced utilization of solar energy. The Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f), and thermohydraulic performance enhance about 6.6, 9.4, and 3.06 times, respectively, at attack angle 75o for inline arrangement of DW over the smooth duct. Thermohydraulic performance of reversed‐flow SAH is compared with previously published works, and it highlights that the full‐length inline and staggered arrangement of the DW offers the most significant improvements in heat transfer and friction factor.
Achieving dynamic efficiency in pharmaceutical innovation: Identifying the optimal share of value and payments required
Authors: Woods Beth , Lomas James , Sculpher Mark , Weatherly Helen , Claxton Karl
Published: January 2024

It has been argued that cost‐effectiveness analysis of branded pharmaceuticals only considers static efficiency, neglects dynamic effects and undermines incentives for socially valuable innovation. We present a framework for designing pharmaceutical pricing policy to achieve dynamic efficiency. We develop a coherent framework that identifies the long‐term static and dynamic benefits and costs of offering manufacturers different levels of reward. The share of value that would maximise long‐term population health depends on how the quantity and quality of innovation responds to payment. Using evidence of the response of innovation to payment, the optimal share of value of new pharmaceuticals to offer to manufacturers is roughly 20% (range: 6%–51%). Reanalysis of a sample of NICE technology appraisals suggests that, in most cases, the share of value offered to manufacturers and the price premium paid by the English NHS were too high. In the UK, application of optimal shares would offer considerable benefits under both a public health objective and a broader view of social welfare. We illustrate how an optimal share of value can be delivered through a range of payment mechanisms including indirect price regulation via the use of different approval norms by an HTA body.
Effect of Dufour and chemical reaction on an unsteady magneto hydrodynamics flow past an exponentially moving plate
Authors: Mangamma Ch. , Pramod Kumar P. , Malga Bala Siddulu , Appidi Lakshmi , Matta Sweta
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study is to measure the Dufour number effects on the flow patterns and heat transfer in an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate embedded in a porous medium in the presence of heat source and chemical reaction. Time‐dependent variations in temperature, velocity, and other factors should be taken into consideration due to the flow's unsteadiness. The fluid considered is a gray, absorbing/emitting radiation but nonscattering medium. Using the finite element method, a set of nondimensionless equations is solved analytically. Results are discussed graphically for concentration, temperature, and velocity profiles. Skin friction, Sherwood number, and Nusselt number are also explained for flow parameters through graphs.
The Lnc‐ENST00000602558/IGF1 axis as a predictor of response to treatment with tripterygium glycosides in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Gao Yang , Wang Xiaoyue , Gao Yanfeng , Bai Jian , Zhao Yanpeng , Wang Renyi , Wang Hanzhou , Zhu Guangzhao , Wang Xixi , Han Xiaochen , Zhang Yanqiong , Wang Hailong
Published: January 2024

Aims

Growing clinical evidence suggests that not all patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) benefit to the same extent by treatment with tripterygium glycoside (TG), which highlights the need to identify RA‐related genes that can be used to predict drug responses. In addition, single genes as markers of RA are not sufficiently accurate for use as predictors. Therefore, there is a need to identify paired expression genes that can serve as biomarkers for predicting the therapeutic effects of TG tablets in RA.

Methods

A total of 17 pairs of co‐expressed genes were identified as candidates for predicting an RA patient's response to TG therapy, and genes involved in the Lnc‐ENST00000602558/GF1 axis were selected for that purpose. A partial‐least‐squares (PLS)‐based model was constructed based on the expression levels of Lnc‐ENST00000602558/IGF1 in peripheral blood. The model showed high efficiency for predicting an RA patient's response to TG tablets.

Results

Our data confirmed that genes co‐expressed in the Lnc‐ENST00000602558/IGF1 axis mediate the efficacy of TG in RA treatment, reduce tumor necrosis factor‐α induced IGF1 expression, and decrease the inflammatory response of MH7a cells.

Conclusion

We found that genes expressed in the Lnc‐ENST00000602558/IGF1 axis may be useful for identifying RA patients who will not respond to TG treatment. Our findings provide a rationale for the individualized treatment of RA in clinical settings.
Presence of neutralizing SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in asymptomatic population of N'Djamena, Chad
Authors: Wondeu Andrillene Laure Deutou , Abakar Mahamat Fayiz , Frasca Federica , Nodjikouambaye Aleyo Zita , Abdelrazakh Fatima , Naibei Nathan , Dzomo Guy Rodrigue Takoudjou , Djimtoibaye Djallaye , Mad‐Toingue Joseph , Scagnolari Carolina , Antonelli Guido , Linardos Giulia , Russo Cristina , Perno Carlo Federico , Yandai Fissou Henry , Atturo Sabrina , Hiscott John , Colizzi Vittorio , Cappelli Giulia , Ngueadoum Nambatibe , Haroun Alsadick , Choua Ouchemi , Moussa Ali Mahamat
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are an important specific defence against viral infections, as these antibodies bind to specific receptor(s) and block the viral entry. NAbs assessments are therefore useful in determining individual or herd immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2. This study aims to deepen the investigation by assessing the positivity rate of neutralizing anti‐spike antibodies to understand the real protection of the studied population against SARS‐CoV‐2.

Methods

This study involved 260 plasma samples from a larger cohort of 2,700 asymptomatic volunteer donors, enrolled between August and October 2021 in health facilities of N'Djamena. In this study four different kits and techniques including the pseudotype assay have been used and compared with detect the SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies. Pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), was used both the identify and measure the NAbs that to evaluate the performance of two cheaper and easy to use commercial kits, specific for the detection of receptor‐binding domain antibodies (anti‐RBD) against the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein.

Results

The VSV spike neutralization assay showed that 59.0% (n = 59) samples were positive for NAbs with titers ranging from 1:10 to 1:4800. While 23 out the 41 negative NAbs samples were detected positive using anti‐RBD (Abbott) test. Furthermore, a direct and significant strong correlation was found between NAbs and anti‐RBD, specifically with Abbott kit. Taken together, the Roche and Abbott methods indicated agreement at the high concentrations of antibodies with the VSV‐pseudovirus method. Abbott and Roche indicated a good sensitivity, but the Abbott system test appeared to have better specificity than the Roche test.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated a high presence of NAbs against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein among asymptomatic individuals in N'Djamena. This could be one of the reasons for the low severity of Covid‐19 observed in this area, given the key role of NAbs in blocking SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
A case of severe ureteral injury repaired by renal autotransplantation with an iliac vein patch using bovine pericardium
Authors: Hisano Mizuki , Matsuura Tomohiko , Koizumi Junichi , Ito Akito , Kato Renpei , Maekawa Shigekatsu , Kanehira Mitsugu , Sugimura Jun , Kin Hajime , Obara Wataru
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Renal autotransplantation is considered a surgical procedure for extensive ureteral defects. Herein, we report a case of severe ureteral injury repaired by laparoscopic nephrectomy and renal autotransplantation with an iliac vein patch using bovine pericardium.

Case presentation

A 56‐year‐old woman who had previously undergone gynecological surgery complained of right‐sided abdominal pain. She was then later diagnosed with a right middle ureteral injury with a 5‐cm long defect. We performed retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy and renal autotransplantation. As the iliac vein was fragile, venous patching using bovine pericardium was performed. The patient's renal function was well preserved after surgery.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic nephrectomy and renal autotransplantation is an effective method for repairing severe ureteral injury with the preservation of renal function. A venous patch using bovine pericardium might be considered as a replacement for a fragile vein.
Integrating nutrition and genetic counseling: A case study approach to interprofessional learning
Authors: Cratsenberg Drew M. , Jackson Mariah K. , Hanson Corrine K. , Zimmerman Holly H.
Published: January 2024

Interprofessional collaboration is an increasingly important skillset for practicing healthcare professionals including genetic counselors and registered dietitian nutritionists. A multi‐part interactive case study activity was created to develop interprofessional skills for graduate students within genetic counseling and medical nutrition training programs at an academic medical center. Feedback from learners who participated in this activity highlights its effect on their post‐graduation clinical practice. Additionally, since the implementation of this activity, collaboration between students and faculty members of each program has occurred in other scholarly pursuits, fostering longstanding interprofessional relationships. Similar approaches to interprofessional education could be considered with other healthcare professions or at other institutions as another tool to strengthen practice upon graduation.
Trends in comorbid chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation‐related cardiovascular mortality in the United States
Authors: Ibrahim Ramzi , Singh Vikram J. , Tan Min Choon , Singh Simar J. , Shahid Mahek , Elchouemi Mohanad , Gianni Carola , Lee Justin Z. , Al‐Ahmad Amin
Published: January 2024

Background

The impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on atrial fibrillation outcomes (AF) is not well understood.

Methods

We conducted analyses of comorbid AF and CKD related death in the United States from 1999 to 2020 using descriptive epidemiology.

Results

Age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 increased from 0.39 in 1999 to 1.65 in 2020. Non‐Hispanic populations (1.01) and nonmetropolitan areas (1.08) had higher AAMRs compared to Hispanic (0.62) and metropolitan (0.97) areas. Midwestern (1.11) and Western (1.13) US regions recorded the highest AAMRs.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the need for interventions to address AF death disparities in patients with CKD.
Release or transection of superficial medial collateral ligament during open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy demonstrated similar clinical outcomes and valgus laxity
Authors: Jung Se‐Han , Choi Chong‐Hyuk , Kim Sungjun , Jung Min , Chung Kwangho , Jeong Hyunjun , Kim Sung‐Hwan
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To analyse whether valgus laxity and clinical outcomes differ depending on whether the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) is released or transected during medial open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO).

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent MOWHTO and subsequent radiological follow‐up for at least 2 years were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into release and transection groups, according to the sMCL manipulation technique. Each patient was assessed for the following variables on valgus stress radiographs taken before surgery and at the 12‐ and 24‐month follow‐ups: the absolute value of valgus (ABV) and side‐to‐side difference (SSD) between the affected and normal sides. The differences between preoperative SSD and those at 12 and 24 months were respectively calculated and defined as delta SSD (ΔSSD). The Visual Analogue Scale, Lysholm knee, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome scores were used to evaluate patient‐reported outcomes.

Results

Eighty‐five patients were included in the study. Forty‐two patients (49.6%) underwent sMCL release, and the remaining 43 patients (50.4%) underwent sMCL transection. No significant differences were observed in the ABV and SSD of valgus laxity at the different time points between the two groups (n.s.). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the ΔSSD at the 12‐ and 24‐month follow‐ups between the two groups (n.s.). Significant improvement from preoperative values was observed in all patient‐reported outcomes (p < 0.001), with no significant differences between the two groups at any time point (n.s.).

Conclusion

Significant improvements in clinical outcomes were observed, regardless of the technique used. Postoperative valgus laxity did not occur with either technique. The transection technique, which can be performed more simply and quickly, demonstrated similar clinical outcomes and valgus laxity to the release technique.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Processing and quality evaluation of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in flexible pouches
Authors: Wang Weijia , Siddiq Muhammad , Dolan Kirk D. , Cichy Karen A.
Published: January 2024

Dry beans are a nutrient‐dense food with a history of processing in metal cans to improve convenience for consumers. Flexible retort pouches have been gaining popularity as a food package to replace metal cans because they are lighter in weight and require less energy to process. While there are potential benefits of using pouches for processed bean products, a pilot‐scale pouch processing protocol for beans is needed for testing to expand to wider commercial applications. To address that need, the objectives of this study were to optimize a pouch processing method for dry beans and assess the subsequent quality of pouch‐processed beans. Black and kidney bean genotypes from different field trials and production years and harvested by different threshing methods were used in this study. Pouch processing was conducted with two types of pouches at a pilot facility, and processing quality included texture, appearance, and color. Cooking time of dry seeds was assessed to understand how variety and environmentally induced differences in cooking time influence pouch processing quality. Kidney beans that required longer dry seed cooking times had firmer texture when pouch processed (r = .72, p < .01). Both genotype and production year impacted cooking time and pouch processing quality. Threshing method had a significant impact on the appearance of processed kidney beans, while it had no significant impact on the processing quality of black beans. Pouch processing requires 42% (at 245°F/118.3°C retort temperature) or 60% (at 250°F/121°C) less retort processing time compared with canning. Both foil and non‐foil pouches can be used to differentiate varieties for processing quality, but the non‐foil pouches require much less effort to seal. This study provides a detailed methodology for pouch processing and quality evaluation of dry beans and useful information for researchers and processors in future applications of using pouches as alternative packaging for processed beans.
The Ellrott grab: A small, lightweight sediment sampler for collecting undisturbed sandy sediments
Authors: Moncada Chyrene , Ellrott Andreas , de Beer Dirk , Amann Rudolf , Knittel Katrin
Published: January 2024

Sampling sandy surface sediments is an important first step in understanding biogeochemical processes in these dynamic environments. However, sampling such sediments poses several challenges, especially when undisturbed samples with porewater are required. Several grab samplers are commercially available, but they are either prone to sample loss, too heavy or bulky for use in small vessels, or those with spring‐loaded mechanisms present safety issues. Here, we present the Ellrott grab, a lightweight sediment sampler designed for collecting undisturbed surface sediments including porewater and overlying bottom seawater. The sampler consists of a frame and a rotating bowl that can collect 370 cm2 of surface sediments up to 10 cm deep (2.5 liters total volume). The instrument is 40 × 60 cm in size, has a basic weight of 10 kg, with up to 20 kg additional weights for stability in sandy sediments. Two persons can operate the grab and it can be used on small boats with a crane and winch system or a hand winch. The grab is now in routine use in the Wadden Sea and in Isfjorden, Svalbard. The samples obtained from the grab were suitable for various geochemical and microbial analyses. Using microelectrodes, we found that in situ oxygen profiles were similar to ex situ profiles in cores subsampled from the grab, confirming that the grab causes minimal disturbance to the sample. Although the grab was designed for collecting sandy sediments, it could also be applied to silty sediments, allowing straightforward and efficient sampling of various sediment types.
Microgel‐Crosslinked Thermo‐Responsive Hydrogel Actuators with High Mechanical Properties and Rapid Response
Authors: Yang Yanyu , Xiao Ying , Wu Xiang , Deng Junjie , Wei Rufang , Liu Ashuang , Chai Haiyang , Wang Rong
Published: January 2024

Smart hydrogels responsive to external stimuli are promising for various applications such as soft robotics and smart devices. High mechanical strength and fast response rate are particularly important for the construction of hydrogel actuators. Herein, tough hydrogels with rapid response rates are synthesized using vinyl‐functionalized poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels as macro‐crosslinkers and N‐isopropylacrylamide as monomers. The compression strength of the obtained PNIPAM hydrogels is up to 7.13 MPa. The response rate of the microgel‐crosslinked hydrogels is significantly enhanced compared with conventional chemically crosslinked PNIPAM hydrogels. The mechanical strength and response rate of hydrogels can be adjusted by varying the proportion of monomers and crosslinkers. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the PNIPAM hydrogels could be tuned by copolymerizing with ionic monomer sodium methacrylate. Thermo‐responsive bilayer hydrogels are fabricated using PINPAM hydrogels with different LCSTs via a layer‐by‐layer method. The thermo‐responsive fast swelling and shrinking properties of the two layers endow the bilayer hydrogel with anisotropic structures and asymmetric response characteristics, allowing the hydrogel to respond rapidly. The bilayer hydrogels are fabricated into clamps to grab small objects and flowers that mimicked the closure of petals, and it shows great application prospects in the field of actuators.
circRNA TATA‐box binding protein associated factor 15 acts as an oncogene to facilitate bladder cancer progression through targeting miR‐502‐5p/high mobility group box 3
Authors: Yang Hong , He Peilin , Luo Wei , Liu Shaoyou , Yang Yong
Published: January 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key in regulating bladder cancer progression. This study explored the effects of circRNA TATA‐box binding protein associated factor 15 (circTAF15) on bladder cancer progression. We enrolled 80 bladder cancer patients to examine the relationship between circTAF15 expression and clinical features. The function of circTAF15 on bladder cancer cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis was monitored by cell counting kit‐8 assay, 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine experiment, Transwell experiment, and glycolysis analysis. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA pull‐down assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were used to verify the binding between circTAF15 and miR‐502‐5p or between miR‐502‐5p and high mobility group box 3 (HMGB3). circTAF15 effect on in vivo growth of bladder cancer was investigated by xenograft tumor experiment. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were implemented to investigate the expression levels of genes. circTAF15 was upregulated in bladder cancer patients, associated with unfavorable outcomes. circTAF15 knockdown attenuated bladder cancer cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and glycolysis. circTAF15 suppressed miR‐502‐5p expression, and miR‐502‐5p inhibited HMGB3 expression. Low miR‐502‐5p expression was associated with unfavorable outcomes in bladder cancer patients. miR‐502‐5p silencing and HMGB3 overexpression counteracted the inhibition of circTAF15 knockdown on the malignant phenotype of bladder cancer cells. circTAF15 knockdown attenuated the in vivo growth of bladder cancer cells. circTAF15 enhanced the progression of bladder cancer through upregulating HMGB3 via suppressing miR‐502‐5p. circTAF15 may be a novel target to treat bladder cancer in the future.
Retrospectively gated ultrashort‐echo‐time MRI T1 mapping reveals compromised pulmonary microvascular NO‐dependent function in a murine model of acute lung injury
Authors: Kwiatkowski Grzegorz , Czyzynska‐Cichon Izabela , Tielemans Birger , Geerkens Lotte , Jasztal Agnieszka , Velde Greetje Vande , Chłopicki Stefan
Published: January 2024

This study sought to develop noninvasive, in vivo imaging schemes that allow for quantitative assessment of pulmonary microvascular functional status based on the combination of pulmonary T1 mapping and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DynCE) imaging.

Ultrashort‐echo‐time (UTE) imaging at 9.4 T of lung parenchyma was performed. Retrospective gating was based on modulation of the first point in each recorded spoke. T1 maps were obtained using a series of five consecutive images with varying RF angles and analyzed with the variable flip angle approach. The obtained mean T1 lung value of 1078 ± 38 ms correlated well with previous reports. Improved intersession variability was observed, as evident from a decreased standard deviation of motion‐resolved T1 mapping (F‐test = 0.051). Animals received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and were imaged at t = 2, 6, and 12 h after administration. The nitric oxide (NO)‐dependent function was assessed according to changes in lung T1 after L‐NAME injection, while microvascular perfusion and oxidant stress were assessed with contrast‐enhanced imaging after injection of gadolinium or 3‐carbamoyl‐proxyl nitroxide radical, respectively.

Retrospectivel gated UTE allowed robust, motion‐compensated imaging that could be used for T1 mapping of lung parenchyma. Changes in lung T1 after L‐NAME injection indicated that LPS induced overproduction of NO at t = 2 and 6 h after LPS, but NO‐dependent microvascular function was impaired at t = 12 h after LPS. DynCE imaging at t = 6 h after LPS injection revealed decreased microvascular perfusion, with increased vascular permeability and oxidant stress.

MRI allows to visualize and quantify lung microvascular NO‐dependent function and its concomitant impairment during acute respiratory distress syndrome development with high sensitivity. UTE T1 mapping appears to be sensitive and useful in probing pulmonary microvascular functional status.
Late‐Stage Oral Cancer Detection After California and Illinois Restored Medicaid Dental Benefits
Authors: Semprini Jason T.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Previous research found an association between California's Medicaid dental coverage and oral cancer detection. However, this relationship has yet to be explored in other states or by subgroup populations.

Study Design

In addition to controlling for sociodemographic and tumor characteristics, this study implemented a traditional difference‐in‐differences design to compare distant‐stage diagnosis trends in states restoring Medicaid dental benefits (California [CA] and Illinois [IL]) with trends in states with constant Medicaid dental benefits.

Setting

This retrospective, observational study analyzed oral cavity and pharynx cancer case data from The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (2004‐2017).

Methods

The outcome was a binary variable indicating whether a patient was diagnosed at a distant stage. Subgroup analyses were conducted by state, race/ethnic group, sex, age, and county‐level household income.

Results

The sample included 109,997 adults diagnosed with cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx. Restoring Medicaid dental benefits was associated with a statistically significant 2.7%‐point decline in the probability of a distant‐stage oral cancer diagnosis. This estimate represented a 14% relative change from baseline rates. Results were consistent for CA and IL and by county‐level median income. Estimates were significantly larger for adults under age 65, males, and adults identifying as Hispanic; non‐Hispanic Black; American Indian; or Asian American or Pacific Islander.

Conclusion

Restoring Medicaid dental coverage improved early detection in both CA and IL, with the greatest reductions in distant‐stage diagnoses occurring in younger adults, males, and minoritized racial/ethnic groups. Future research should investigate whether earlier detection reduces oral cancer mortality disparities.
Effect of addition of fillers (MoS2 and PFA) on the tribological and mechanical properties of biobased semi‐aromatic polyamide (PA10T)
Authors: Zhu Rongli , Pu Zejun , Zheng Lin , Zheng Pan , Wu Fang , Yu Dayang , Wang Xu , Yue Mengjie , Yang Yuhao , Yang Kaijie , Wu Linkai , Pang Jiahong , Meng Chihan , Peng Qiuxia , Zhong Jiachun
Published: January 2024

In an attempt to enhance the properties of biobased semi‐aromatic polyamide poly (decamethylene terephthalamide) acid (PA10T), the effects of different proportions of fillers [MoS2 and polyfluoroalkoxy (PFA)] were investigated. A range of stable and wear‐resistant composites, with filler contents varying from 0 to 10 wt%, were successfully prepared using a one‐step extrusion blending method. To analyze the chemical structures, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) experiments were conducted. Additionally, SEM, tribological tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), tensile measurement, notched impact test, and bending test were employed to thoroughly evaluate the properties of both PA10T and composites. The findings demonstrated that the target products were effectively created, and the composites with fillers exhibited superior wear resistance. Alongside this, they showcased comparable heat resistance and mechanical properties to the pure PA10T. Of particular note, when 4 wt% PFA and 6 wt% MoS2 were added, the specific wear rate of PA10T‐F4M6 (0.0016 mg·min−1) was impressively reduced by 86.2% in comparison to pure PA10T (0.0116 mg·min−1). This reduction in wear mass from 0.7 mg (PA10T) to 0.1 mg (PA10T‐F4M6) further confirms the improvement in wear resistance. Ultimately, these results suggest that composites, with their exceptional wear resistance, hold great potential as heat‐resistant engineering thermoplastics in future applications. Thus, they offer promising prospects for wider utilization across various fields. In essence, this study provides valuable insights into the beneficial impact of MoS2 and PFA fillers on polyamide wear resistance.

Highlights

The biobased poly (decamethylene terephthalamide) acid (PA10T) was synthesized through an efficient one‐pot melt polymerization method.

The composites with excellent performance were prepared by blending the biobased semi‐aromatic polyamide PA10T with unique fillers (MoS2 and PFA) for modification.

When 4 wt% PFA and 6 wt% MoS2 were added, the specific wear rate of composites was impressively reduced by 86.2% in comparison to pure PA10T.

The addition of fillers (MoS2 and PFA) not only improves the wear resistance of PA10T but also enhances its crystallization properties and melting points effectively.

The bending modulus of wear‐resistant composites increased to 1553.66 MPa, representing an approximately 50.47% increase compared to PA10T.
Microscopic dynamics and mechanism of Trichel pulse discharge
Authors: Jiang Xinchen , Wang Suikai , Ha Jing , Liu Fucheng , He Shoujie , Li Qing
Published: January 2024

The microscopic dynamics and formation mechanism of Trichel pulse discharge are investigated. A nonequal current transient effect exists in the Trichel pulse discharge. By reducing the limiting current resistance, the simulated current waveforms of Trichel pulse discharge are qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with those in the experiment. The dominant positive ions vary at different stages, which originate from the evolution of dominant reactions for the generation and consumption of charged particles. The existence of positive and negative charged layers results in the attenuation of the electric field at the rising edge of the Trichel pulse. The formation of the Trichel pulse originates from the changes in spatial charge density, resulting in alterations in the spatial electric field and ionization rate.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Composite from Cuttlebone (Sepia sp.) with Chitosan via In Situ as Antibacterial
Authors: Jamarun Novesar , Caniago Sintia , Septiani Upita , Prasejati Arika , Wulandari Wulandari , Amirullah Tri Yupi
Published: January 2024

Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HAp/CTS) was synthesized using the in situ sol‐gel method with pH variation (7, 8, 9, 10, and 11). Based on XRF, cuttlebone, as a source of calcium, contains 96.3 % CaO. The presence of OH− ions from chitosan affects the product mass of composites. FTIR spectra of composites showed the appearance of characteristic vibrations of HAp and chitosan. The cystallite size measured from XRD pattern using Scherrer equation obtained as 20.18 nm and 17.69 nm for HAp and the HAp/CTS‐11 composite, respectively. The morphology of HAp/CTS‐11 was agglomerated spherical with a Ca/P ratio of 1.86 based on SEM‐EDS analysis. Also, the HAp/CTS‐11 composite revealed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. HAp/CTS‐11 may be a promising biomaterial for bone implants with antibacterial activity to overcome osteomyelitis.
Stable Core‐Shell UiO‐66‐NH2@Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Composite as a Favorable Photocatalyst for Tetracycline Degradation
Authors: Jeyhoon Bahar , Safarifard Vahid
Published: January 2024

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for photocatalytic applications due to their unique properties. Core‐shell MOFs have recently emerged as a particularly attractive subclass of MOFs, offering enhanced light absorption, charge separation capabilities, and stability. In this study, we synthesized UiO‐66‐NH2@ZIF‐67 and UiO‐66‐NH2@ZIF‐8 core‐shell structures using UiO‐66‐NH2, ZIF‐67, and ZIF‐8. We found that UiO‐66‐NH2@ZIF‐67 exhibited a photocatalytic tetracycline (TC) degradation rate that was five times higher than that of pure UiO‐66‐NH2 under visible light. Furthermore, UiO‐66‐NH2@ZIF‐67 demonstrated superior stability and recyclability, maintaining its efficiency for five cycles. The photocatalytic removal efficiency of TC over UiO‐66‐NH2@ZIF‐67 under visible light reached 97 % in just 60 minutes. In this study, the two MOFs with a high surface area, one with a large bandgap and one with the ability to absorb visible light were combined to construct the desire core‐shell structure. Our results offer a novel and convenient strategy for synthesizing highly effective and stable core‐shell MOF‐on‐MOF photocatalysts for photodegradation and TC degradation.
A Less‐is‐More Strategy for Mitochondria‐Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zuo Qingting , Lyu Jiayan , Shen Xinran , Wang Fengju , Xing Liyun , Zhou Minglu , Zhou Zhou , Li Lian , Huang Yuan
Published: January 2024

Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) faces a dilemma: low‐power is insufficient to kill pro‐inflammatory cells while high‐power exacerbates inflammation. Herein, mitochondrial targeting is introduced in PDT of RA to implement a “less‐is‐more” strategy, where higher apoptosis in pro‐inflammatory cells are achieved with lower laser power. In arthritic rats, chlorine 6‐loaded and mitochondria‐targeting liposomes (Ce6@M‐Lip) passively accumulated in inflamed joints, entered pro‐inflammatory macrophages, and actively localized to mitochondria, leading to enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction under laser irradiation. By effectively disrupting mitochondria, pro‐inflammatory macrophages are more susceptible to PDT, resulting in increased apoptosis initiation. Additionally, it identifies that high‐power irradiation caused cell rupture and release of endogenous danger signals that recruited and activated additional macrophages. In contrast, under low‐power irradiation, mitochondria‐targeting Ce6@M‐Lip not only prevented inflammation but also reduced pro‐inflammatory macrophage infiltration and pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion. Overall, targeting mitochondria reconciled therapeutic efficacy and inflammation, thus enabling efficacious yet inflammation‐sparing PDT for RA. This highlights the promise of mitochondrial targeting to resolve the dilemma between anti‐inflammatory efficacy and inflammatory exacerbation in PDT by implementing a “less‐is‐more” strategy.
Lubricating Microneedles System with Multistage Sustained Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Kexin , Zhao Yanlong , Zhao Weiwei , Mao Xiaowei , Li Dan , Wang Yuguang , Shang Shaomei , Zhang Hongyu
Published: January 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a typical joint degenerative disease that is prevalent worldwide and significantly affects the normal activities of patients. Traditional treatments using diclofenac (DCF) as an anti‐inflammatory drug by oral administration and transdermal delivery have many inherent deficiencies. In this study, a lubricating microneedles (MNs) system for the treatment of osteoarthritis with multistage sustained drug delivery and great reduction in skin damage during MNs penetration is developed. The bilayer dissolvable MNs system, namely HA‐DCF@PDMPC, is prepared by designating the composite material of hyaluronic acid (HA) and covalently conjugated drug compound (HA‐DCF) as the MNs tips and then modifying the surface of MNs tips with a self‐adhesive lubricating copolymer (PDMPC). The MNs system is designed to achieve sustained drug release of DCF via ester bond hydrolysis, physical diffusion from MNs tips, and breakthrough of lubrication coating. Additionally, skin damage is reduced due to the presence of the lubrication coating on the superficial surface. Therefore, the lubricating MNs with multistage sustained drug delivery show good compliance as a transdermal patch for OA treatment, which is validated from anti‐inflammatory cell tests and therapeutic animal experiments, down‐regulating the expression levels of pro‐inflammatory factors and alleviating articular cartilage destruction.
Tuning the Optical and Structural Properties of Halide Perovskite by PbS Quantum Dot Additive Engineering for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performances
Authors: Salim Kunnummal Mangott Muhammed , Muscarella Loreta A. , Schuringa Imme , Miranda Gamboa Ramses Alejandro , Torres Jeevan , Echeverría‐Arrondo Carlos , Gualdrón‐Reyes Andrés F. , Rodriguez‐Pereira Jhonatan , Rincon Marina E. , Ehrler Bruno , Mora‐Seró Iván , Masi Sofia
Published: January 2024

The combination of inorganic PbS quantum dots (QDs) and lead halide perovskite in one nanocomposite is considered as a promising approach to overcoming the limitations of metastable perovskites. However, to date, only a few examples of improved optoelectronic perovskites are realized with such materials. One of the keys to unraveling the full potential offered by the PbS QDs/perovskite material is the ability to purposefully modulate the interfacial electronic energy levels by changing the PbS QDs capping shell. Herein, this approach to adjust the offsets of the energy levels of the perovskite is demonstrated. To prepare the perovskite films with embedded PbS QDs, the organic capping of QDs is exchanged by a halide perovskite shell. Film properties are correlated to the structural changes of the soft perovskite matrix and their optical properties. Interestingly, this approach can be used to adjust the energy levels in the whole nanocomposite film, without changing the original bandgap, and thus paves the way for novel functional materials for optoelectronic devices. The applicability of this method is exemplified by fabricating solar cells with the perovskite nanocomposite, observing that the introduction of PbS/FAPI QDs into FAPI matrix boosts the average performance from 17.9% to 18.9% (21.3%  champion device).
Stability and Reliability of Dye‐Sensitized Solar‐Cell Mini‐Module for Photocharging Li‐Ion‐Battery‐Connected Internet of Things
Authors: Aftabuzzaman Md. , Masud  , Kim Hwan Kyu
Published: January 2024

Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)‐integrated Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) are considered a promising solution as a wireless power source for the increasing number of miniaturized portable devices and the internet of things (IoTs). However, DSSCs suffer from stability issues because of the using volatile electrolyte solvents that leak through the seal. To solve this problem, in this study, a polymer gel electrolyte based on the high‐boiling solvent 3‐methoxypropionitrile (bp = 164–165 °C) is used, and the backside of the cells are sealed by hot press using surlyn and Al foil. A highly stable and efficient counter electrode, Pt/porous carbon (Pt/PC), is also used to fabricate the devices, which show a high PCE of 25.7%–29.4% under the illumination of 500–2000 lux. The fabricated DSSC shows outstanding stability in the room condition and under the operating condition at 50 °C. A mini‐module of 13.3 cm2, PCE of 22.9–23.3%, and Pmax of 166.4–643.0 μW can recharge a LIB while powering an IoT device by producing an output greater than the IoT device consumes. The store charge can be used when the light source is cut off, indicating the reliability of the DSSC for photocharging the LIB as a wireless power source for IoT devices.
Role of Exergy‐Based Process Evolution for Sustainable Steel Making: Rotary Hearth Furnace with Electric Arc Furnace Smelting
Authors: Kumar Binay , Sen Prodip K. , Roy Gour G.
Published: January 2024

In conjunction with an electric arc furnace (EAF) process, a rotary hearth furnace (RHF) has emerged as a supplementary ironmaking unit to produce extra iron from iron‐bearing solid wastes from an integrated steel plant. Additionally, such units offer fuel‐switching options to low‐carbon input fuels. Exergy analysis is carried out for two variants of RHF, producing iron nuggets (ironmaking technology mark 3 process) or direct reduced iron (DRI; FASTMET process), involving cold/hot charging of DRI and scrap use in EAF. Process sustainability as characterized by higher exergy efficiency and lower CO2 emission has been analyzed for two variants of RHF‐EAF steelmaking systems, blast furnace‐basic oxygen furnace (BOF), scrap‐EAF, and COREX‐BOF process. Model‐based information for these parameters for RHF‐EAF process has been compared with other major steelmaking routes based on literature information. The RHF‐EAF process variants with some modification in process flow display better sustainability with relatively higher exergy efficiencies and low CO2 emissions as compared to other steelmaking processes and reasonably meet sustainable steelmaking process evolution criterion.
Frobenius Algebras Associated with the $$\alpha $$-Induction for Equivariantly Braided Tensor Categories
Authors: Oikawa Mizuki
Published: January 2024

Let G be a group. We give a categorical definition of the G-equivariant $$\alpha $$
α
-induction associated with a given G-equivariant Frobenius algebra in a G-braided multitensor category, which generalizes the $$\alpha $$
α
-induction for G-twisted representations of conformal nets. For a given G-equivariant Frobenius algebra in a spherical G-braided fusion category, we construct a G-equivariant Frobenius algebra, which we call a G-equivariant $$\alpha $$
α
-induction Frobenius algebra, in a suitably defined category called neutral double. This construction generalizes Rehren’s construction of $$\alpha $$
α
-induction Q-systems. Finally, we define the notion of the G-equivariant full centre of a G-equivariant Frobenius algebra in a spherical G-braided fusion category and show that it indeed coincides with the corresponding G-equivariant $$\alpha $$
α
-induction Frobenius algebra, which generalizes a theorem of Bischoff, Kawahigashi and Longo.
“The Sierpinski gasket minus its bottom line” as a tree of Sierpinski gaskets
Authors: Kigami J. , Takahashi K.
Published: January 2024

The Sierpinski gasket K has three line segments constituting a regular triangle as its border. This paper studies what will happen if one of them, which is called the bottom line and is denoted by I, is removed from K. At a glance, “the Sierpinski gasket minus the bottom line” $$K\backslash I$$

K
\
I

has a structure of a tree of Sierpinski gaskets. This observation leads us to the results showing that the boundary of $$K\backslash I$$

K
\
I

is not the line segment I but a Cantor set from viewpoints of geometry and analysis. As a by-product, we have an explicit expression of the jump kernel of the trace of the Brownian motion of K on the bottom line I.
A touching advantage: cross-modal stop-signals improve reactive response inhibition
Authors: Friehs Maximilian A. , Schmalbrock Philipp , Merz Simon , Dechant Martin , Hartwigsen Gesa , Frings Christian
Published: January 2024

The ability to inhibit an already initiated response is crucial for navigating the environment. However, it is unclear which characteristics make stop-signals more likely to be processed efficiently. In three consecutive studies, we demonstrate that stop-signal modality and location are key factors that influence reactive response inhibition. Study 1 shows that tactile stop-signals lead to better performance compared to visual stop-signals in an otherwise visual choice-reaction task. Results of Study 2 reveal that the location of the stop-signal matters. Specifically, if a visual stop-signal is presented at a different location compared to the visual go-signal, then stopping performance is enhanced. Extending these results, study 3 suggests that tactile stop-signals and location-distinct visual stop-signals retain their performance enhancing effect when visual distractors are presented at the location of the go-signal. In sum, these results confirm that stop-signal modality and location influence reactive response inhibition, even in the face of concurrent distractors. Future research may extend and generalize these findings to other cross-modal setups.
The effect of valgus reduction on resistant subtrochanteric femoral non-unions: a single-centre report of twenty six cases
Authors: El-Alfy Barakat , Abououf Alaa , Darweash Ahmed , Fawzy Salam
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Re-revision of subtrochanteric non-unions is technically challenging and lacks robust evidence. The results of managing subtrochanteric fractures after multiple failed procedures have rarely been reported in the literature. This study aims to evaluate the effect of valgus reduction on non-united subtrochanteric fractures with single or multiple failed revision surgeries.

Methods

Twenty-six patients with aseptic subtrochanteric fracture non-union underwent failed single or multiple revision procedures after index fracture fixation surgery between 2011 and 2019. The exclusion criteria were as follows: septic non-union, peri-prosthetic, and pathological fractures. Lateral-based wedge valgus reduction and compression at the non-union site using a valgus-contoured DCS together with decortication, debridement, and bone grafting were used. The main outcome measurement was radiological union, pain, LLD, HHS, and restoration of pre-fracture activities.

Results

The mean follow-up was 4.5 years (range 3 to 7); prior revision surgeries range from two to five and union at 6.5 months (range 3 to 10) and the delayed union in one case and an infected non-union in one case. The mean LLD was 4 cm (range 3 to 5), which improved to 1.5 cm (range 1 to 4) (P-value < 0.001). The mean VAS was 7 (range 6 to 8), and 24 patients achieved painless ambulation without a walking aid after the union. The mean HHS was 40 (range 25 to 65), which improved to 85 (range 55 to 95) (P-value < 001), achieving 15 excellent, ten good, and one poor results.

Conclusion

Mechanical optimisation by lateral closing wedge and stable fixation with pre-contoured DCS with biological enhancement resulted in a successful outcome in recalcitrant subtrochanteric non-unions.