bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Patterns of Blood Pressure, Incident Cardiovascular Events, and All-Cause Mortality in Normotensive Diabetic People
Authors: Wu Zhijun , Jin Cheng , Vaidya Anand , Jin Wei , Huang Zhe , Wu Shouling , Gao Xiang
Published: May 2016

Lower blood pressure (BP) within the normotensive range has been suggested to be deleterious in diabetic people using antihypertensive drugs. We hypothesized that BP <120/80 mm Hg and BP trajectories may predict further risk of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular events in normotensive diabetic individuals. We included 3159 diabetic adults, free of hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, or cancer in 2006 (baseline), from a community-based cohort including 101 510 participants. A total of 831 participants with BP <120/80 mm Hg and 2328 participants with BP of 120 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg were included. BP and other clinical covariates were repeatedly measured every 2 years. During 7 years of follow-up, we documented 247 deaths and 177 cardiovascular events. Diabetic people with BP <120/80 mm Hg had a 46% increased risk of all-cause mortality (95% confidence interval, 10%–93%) compared with those with BP of 120 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg at baseline. We then estimated the association between BP trajectories from 2006 to 2008 and adverse events among 2311 diabetic people who had both BP measures at 2006 and 2008. Relative to stable BP of 120 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg, having persistently BP <120/80 mm Hg (hazard ratio: 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–5.01) or a spontaneous decrease in BP from 120 to 139/80 to 89 to <120/80 mm Hg (hazard ratio: 3.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.56–5.92) was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality during 2008 to 2014. A rise in BP from 120 to 139/80 to 89 to ≥140/90 mm Hg conferred a high risk of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–3.17). In normotensive diabetic people having a low BP or a decline in BP was both associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, whereas development of incident hypertension increased the risk of cardiovascular events.
Plasma Molecular Signatures in Hypertensive Patients With Renin–Angiotensin System Suppression
Authors: Baldan-Martin Montserrat , Mourino-Alvarez Laura , Gonzalez-Calero Laura , Moreno-Luna Rafael , Sastre-Oliva Tamara , Ruiz-Hurtado Gema , Segura Julian , Lopez Juan Antonio , Vazquez Jesus , Vivanco Fernando , Alvarez-Llamas Gloria , Ruilope Luis M. , de la Cuesta Fernando , Barderas Maria G.
Published: May 2016

Albuminuria is a risk factor strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, the first cause of death in the general population. It is well established that renin–angiotensin system suppressors prevent the development of new-onset albuminuria in naïf hypertensive patients and diminish its excretion, but we cannot forget the percentage of hypertensive patients who develop de novo albuminuria. Here, we applied multiple proteomic strategy with the purpose to elucidate specific molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis and provide predictors and chronic organ damage indicators. Briefly, 1143 patients were followed up for a minimum period of 3 years. One hundred and twenty-nine hypertensive patients chronically renin–angiotensin system suppressed were recruited, classified in 3 different groups depending on their albuminuria levels (normoalbuminuria, de novo albuminuria, and sustained albuminuria), and investigated by multiple proteomic strategies. Our strategy allowed us to perform one of the deepest plasma proteomic analysis to date, which has shown 2 proteomic signatures: (1) with predictive value of de novo albuminuria and (2) sustained albuminuria indicator proteins. These proteins are involved in inflammation, immune as well as in the proteasome activation occurring in situations of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, these results open the possibility of a future strategy based on anti-immune therapy to treat hypertension which could help to prevent the development of albuminuria and, hence, the progression of kidney damage.
G-Protein–Coupled Receptor MrgD Is a Receptor for Angiotensin-(1–7) Involving Adenylyl Cyclase, cAMP, and Phosphokinase A
Authors: Tetzner Anja , Gebolys Kinga , Meinert Christian , Klein Sabine , Uhlich Anja , Trebicka Jonel , Villacañas Óscar , Walther Thomas
Published: May 2016

Angiotensin (Ang)-(1–7) has cardiovascular protective effects and is the opponent of the often detrimental Ang II within the renin–angiotensin system. Although it is well accepted that the G-protein–coupled receptor Mas is a receptor for the heptapeptide, the lack in knowing initial signaling molecules stimulated by Ang-(1–7) prevented definitive characterization of ligand/receptor pharmacology as well as identification of further hypothesized receptors for the heptapeptide. The study aimed to identify a second messenger stimulated by Ang-(1–7) allowing confirmation as well as discovery of the heptapeptide’s receptors. Ang-(1–7) elevates cAMP concentration in primary cells, such as endothelial or mesangial cells. Using cAMP as readout in receptor-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, we provided pharmacological proof that Mas is a functional receptor for Ang-(1–7). Moreover, we identified the G-protein–coupled receptor MrgD as a second receptor for Ang-(1–7). Consequently, the heptapeptide failed to increase cAMP concentration in primary mesangial cells with genetic deficiency in both
Mas
and
MrgD
. Mice deficient in
MrgD
showed an impaired hemodynamic response after Ang-(1–7) administration. Furthermore, we excluded the Ang II type 2 receptor as a receptor for the heptapeptide but discovered that the Ang II type 2 blocker PD123319 can also block Mas and MrgD receptors. Our results lead to an expansion and partial revision of the renin–angiotensin system, by identifying a second receptor for Ang-(1–7), by excluding Ang II type 2 as a receptor for the heptapeptide, and by enforcing the revisit of such publications which concluded Ang II type 2 function by only using PD123319.
Diplogasteroides nix n. sp. (Nematoda: Diplogastridae), a cryptic species related to D. andrassyi, isolated from Monochamus urussovii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Hokkaido, Japan, with remarks on body surface structures
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Sakamoto Hironori , Maehara Noritoshi
Published: May 2016

Diplogasteroides nix n. sp. is described based on its typological characteristics, molecular profile and mating experiments. Diplogasteroides nix n. sp. is characterised by its tube-like stoma with three small dorsal teeth and two subventral ridges, spicule clearly ventrally bent at one-third from the anterior end, gubernaculum with a somewhat squared anterior end and sharply pointed distal end in a lateral view and nine pairs of genital papillae with an arrangement of ⟨v1, (v2, v3d)/v4, ad, ph, (v5, v6, v7), pd⟩, with the very small v5 and v6 protruding from socket-like bases, and v6 has a tripartite tip on males and well developed receptaculum seminis in females. In addition to the general morphological characters, the new species has several small secretory pore-like openings connected to secretory cells just beneath the surface cuticle (tentatively termed as ‘lateral glands’) in both males and females, and two pairs of button-like surface structures with clear internal connections in females. The new species is typologically and molecularly very similar to its tentatively assigned closest relative, D. andrassyi. These two species are morphologically almost identical, forming a cryptic species complex with some very minor morphological differences, e.g., the morphology of gubernaculum somewhat roundish squared vs clearly rounded anterior edge. Molecularly, these two species have identical small subunit sequences and have only 5 bp difference in the D2-D3 extension segments of the large subunit. However, the new species can be distinguished from D. andrassyi by mating incompatibility, yielding only F1 progenies in both male × female and female × male combinations. Biologically, these two species and another close relative were isolated from different carrier Monochamus longhorn beetles, i.e., D. nix n. sp., D. andrassyi and D. asiaticus have been found from M. urussovii, M. grandis and M. alternatus, respectively. However, because these beetle species share the distribution range and host tree species, further collection and identification are necessary to understand their host (carrier) interactions and specificity.
Tylenchid entomoparasites isolated from Spondylis buprestoides (L.) and Asemum striatum (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Giblin-Davis Robin M. , Gonzalez Rafael , Trujillo Yasiel , Hajek Ann E.
Published: May 2016

Tylenchid entomoparasites were isolated from two longhorn beetle species,Spondylis buprestoidesfrom Tsukuba, Japan, andAsemum striatumfrom Ithaca, Tompkins County, NY, USA. Parasitic females and juveniles were obtained fromS. buprestoides, where the female has a large body (5-6 mm long), clear stylet retracted into the body and degenerate anus and rectum, similar to some neotylenchids and allantonematids. By contrast, only stylet-bearing parasitic juveniles were found in eggs ofA. striatum, and detailed morphological analysis was not done for this isolate. These two isolates of parasites were molecularly characterised, and analysed for their phylogenetic status based on the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene. The phylogenetic inference suggested that the two parasitic nematodes are close to each other, and to thesiricidicolasuperspecies of the genusDeladenus,i.e., these two species andDeladenusform a well-supported clade. Because these two host beetle species belong to the same cerambycid subfamily (Spondylinae) from disparate locations, a subfamily-associated nematode parasite lineage may be revealed by further field surveys.
Microgomphus alani (Odonata, Gomphidae) sp. nov. from Cambodia
Authors: KOSTERIN OLEG E.
Published: May 2016

Microgomphus alani sp. nov. is described from two males from the coastal southwestern foothills of the Cardamom Mts. in southwestern Cambodia (type locality: Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, 17 km ENE of Koh Kong, ‘Macromia Rivulet’, 11°40'17'' N, 103°07'28'' E, 296 m a.s.l., 3 vi 2014, RMNH). The species is characterised by its small size (hindwing 21–23 mm), cerci with outer angulations, truncated apices and crescent-shaped inner arms sprouting from their middle and not reaching their apices, synthorax with two parallel black lateral stripes and dorsal and collar yellow stripes fused in 7-like manner. Probably females of the same species were earlier reported from Phrae Province in northern Thailand.
Accuracy of Rotational and Divergent Kinetic Energy Spectra Diagnosed from Flight-Track Winds
Authors: Bierdel Lotte , Snyder Chris , Park Sang-Hun , Skamarock William C.
Published: May 2016

Under assumptions of horizontal homogeneity and isotropy, one may derive relations between rotational or divergent kinetic energy spectra and velocities along one-dimensional tracks, such as might be measured by aircraft. Two recent studies, differing in details of their implementation, have applied these relations to the Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) dataset and reached different conclusions with regard to the mesoscale ratio of divergent to rotational kinetic energy. In this study the accuracy of the method is assessed using global atmospheric simulations performed with the Model for Prediction Across Scales, where the exact decomposition of the horizontal winds into divergent and rotational components may be easily computed. For data from the global simulations, the two approaches yield similar and very accurate results. Errors are largest for the divergent component on synoptic scales, which is shown to be related to a very dominant rotational mode. The errors are, in particular, sufficiently small so that the mesoscale ratio of divergent to rotational kinetic energy can be derived correctly. The proposed technique thus provides a strong observational check of model results with existing large commercial aircraft datasets. The results do, however, show a significant dependence on the height and latitude ranges considered, and the disparate conclusions drawn from previous applications to MOZAIC data may result from the use of different subsets of the data.
Constraints on Climate Sensitivity from Space-Based Measurements of Low-Cloud Reflection
Authors: Brient Florent , Schneider Tapio
Published: May 2016

Physical uncertainties in global-warming projections are dominated by uncertainties about how the fraction of incoming shortwave radiation that clouds reflect will change as greenhouse gas concentrations rise. Differences in the shortwave reflection by low clouds over tropical oceans alone account for more than half of the variance of the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) among climate models, which ranges from 2.1 to 4.7 K. Space-based measurements now provide an opportunity to assess how well models reproduce temporal variations of this shortwave reflection on seasonal to interannual time scales. Here such space-based measurements are used to show that shortwave reflection by low clouds over tropical oceans decreases robustly when the underlying surface warms, for example, by −(0.96 ± 0.22)% K−1 (90% confidence level) for deseasonalized variations. Additionally, the temporal covariance of low-cloud reflection with temperature in historical simulations with current climate models correlates strongly (r = −0.67) with the models’ ECS. Therefore, measurements of temporal low-cloud variations can be used to constrain ECS estimates based on climate models. An information-theoretic weighting of climate models by how well they reproduce the measured deseasonalized covariance of shortwave cloud reflection with temperature yields a most likely ECS estimate around 4.0 K; an ECS below 2.3 K becomes very unlikely (90% confidence).
Numerical investigation of multiphase supersonic swirl flow inside convergent-divergent nozzle
Authors: Eslamian Ehsan , Shirvani Hassan
Published: May 2016

Numerical study of multiphase swirl flow induced by helical insert inside the supersonic nozzle is investigated as applied in sandblasting systems. The finding of this research is crucial in improving the performance of abrasive blasting systems by reducing operation time and saving energy. Simulations are performed with Reynolds Stress Model turbulence modelling to capture anisotropy inside the flow. To simulate particles inside the nozzle, discrete phase model has been applied. The multiphase Eulerian method did not provide accurate results on modelling particles with small volume fraction ( <10%), and also it was not capable of modelling particles interaction. The analyses are performed at three inlet pressures (2, 3 and 4 atm) with constant mass flow rate for particles. The results show that swirl effect increases the mixing feature of the flow, and therefore increases the cleaning area on a working surface. Furthermore, with swirl there was less reduction in maximum velocity compare with single phase simulations, hence particles will have greater speed at the exit of the nozzle.
Clinical efficacy of daratumumab monotherapy in patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Usmani Saad Z. , Weiss Brendan M. , Plesner Torben , Bahlis Nizar J. , Belch Andrew , Lonial Sagar , Lokhorst Henk M. , Voorhees Peter M. , Richardson Paul G. , Chari Ajai , Sasser A. Kate , Axel Amy , Feng Huaibao , Uhlar Clarissa M. , Wang Jianping , Khan Imran , Ahmadi Tahamtan , Nahi Hareth
Published: May 2016

Key Points

A pooled analysis of 2 daratumumab trials showed no new safety signals, an overall response rate of 31%, and deep and durable responses. Median overall survival was 20.1 months; benefit was also shown in patients who achieved minimal response/stable disease.
Tailored message interventions versus typical messages for increasing participation in colorectal cancer screening among a non-adherent population: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hirai Kei , Ishikawa Yoshiki , Fukuyoshi Jun , Yonekura Akio , Harada Kazuhiro , Shibuya Daisuke , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Mizota Yuri , Hamashima Chisato , Saito Hiroshi
Published: May 2016

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of a tailored message intervention compared with a non-tailored message intervention for increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates among a non-adherent population, in a community-based client reminder program.

Methods

After a baseline survey for psychological segmentation, 2140 eligible individuals were randomly assigned either to a group with a tailored matched-message condition (N = 356), a group with a non-tailored unmatched-message condition (N = 355), or to two control groups, one using a typical message with a professional design (N = 717) and one without a professional design (N = 712). The main outcome measure was attendance rates in a community-organized CRC screening program within five months of receiving a print reminder.

Results

There was a significant difference in fecal occult blood test (FOBT) attendance rates at follow-up assessments between the tailored matched-message condition (14.0 %) and the control (9.9 %; OR = 1.48, p = 0.026), while there was no significant difference between the unmatched-message condition (11.0 %) and the control (OR = 1.12, p = 0.558), and between the matched-message condition and the unmatched-message condition (OR = 1.32, p = 0.219). The cost of a one-person increase in FOBT screening was 3,740 JPY for the tailored matched-message condition, while it was 2,747 JPY for the control.

Conclusions

A tailored-message intervention for segmented individuals designed to increase CRC screening rates in a community-based client reminder program was significantly effective compared to a usual reminder, but not more effective than an unmatched message in a randomized controlled trial, and was not sufficiently effective to highlight its value from a cost perspective. Therefore, the tailored intervention including target segmentation needs to be improved for future implementation in a CRC screening program for a non-adherent population.

Trial registration

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000004384. Date of Registration: March 2011.
Exercise and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Women With Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Jones Lee W. , Habel Laurel A. , Weltzien Erin , Castillo Adrienne , Gupta Dipti , Kroenke Candyce H. , Kwan Marilyn L. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Scott Jessica , Sternfeld Barbara , Yu Anthony , Kushi Lawrence H. , Caan Bette J.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death among women with nonmetastatic breast cancer. Whether exercise is associated with reductions in CVD risk in patients with breast cancer with an elevated CVD risk phenotype is not known.

Methods

Using a prospective design, women (n = 2,973; mean age, 57 years) diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer participating in two registry-based, regional cohort studies, completed a questionnaire that assessed leisure-time recreational physical activity (metabolic equivalent task [MET]-h/wk). The primary end point was the first occurrence of any of the following: new diagnosis of coronary artery disease, heart failure, valve abnormality, arrhythmia, stroke, or CVD death, occurring after study enrollment.

Results

Median follow-up was 8.6 years (range, 0.2 to 14.8 years). In multivariable analysis, the incidence of cardiovascular events decreased across increasing total MET-h/wk categories (Ptrend < .001). Compared with < 2 MET-h/wk, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.09) for 2 to 10.9 MET-h/wk, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.96) for 11 to 24.5 MET-h/wk, and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.80) for ≥ 24.5 MET-h/wk. Similar trends were observed for the incidence of coronary artery disease and heart failure (P values < .05). Adherence to national exercise guidelines for adult patients with cancer (ie, ≥ 9 MET-h/wk) was associated with an adjusted 23% reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events in comparison with not meeting the guidelines (< 9 MET-h/wk; P < .001). The association with exercise did not differ according to age, CVD risk factors, menopausal status, or anticancer treatment.

Conclusion

Exercise is associated with substantial, graded reductions in the incidence of cardiovascular events in women with nonmetastatic breast cancer.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Trial of Enzastaurin Versus Placebo in Patients Achieving Remission After First-Line Therapy for High-Risk Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Crump Michael , Leppä Sirpa , Fayad Luis , Lee Je Jung , Di Rocco Alice , Ogura Michinori , Hagberg Hans , Schnell Frederick , Rifkin Robert , Mackensen Andreas , Offner Fritz , Pinter-Brown Lauren , Smith Sonali , Tobinai Kensei , Yeh Su-Peng , Hsi Eric D. , Nguyen Tuan , Shi Peipei , Hahka-Kemppinen Marjo , Thornton Don , Lin Boris , Kahl Brad , Schmitz Norbert , Savage Kerry J. , Habermann Thomas
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To compare disease-free survival (DFS) after maintenance therapy with the selective protein kinase C β (PKCβ) inhibitor, enzastaurin, versus placebo in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in complete remission and with a high risk of relapse after first-line therapy.

Patients and Methods

This multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled patients who were at high risk of recurrence after rituximab-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). Patients (N = 758) with stage II bulky or stage III to IV DLBCL, three or more International Prognostic Index risk factors at diagnosis, and a complete response or unconfirmed complete response after 6 to 8 cycles of R-CHOP were assigned 2:1 to receive oral enzastaurin 500 mg daily or placebo for 3 years or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary end point was DFS 3 years after the last patient entered treatment. Correlative analyses of biomarkers, including cell of origin by immunohistochemistry and PKCβ expression, with efficacy outcomes were exploratory objectives.

Results

After a median follow-up of 48 months, DFS hazard ratio for enzastaurin versus placebo was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.689 to 1.216; two-sided log-rank P = .541; 4-year DFS, 70% v 71%, respectively). Independent of treatment, no significant associations were observed between PKCβ protein expression or cell of origin and DFS or overall survival.

Conclusion

Enzastaurin did not significantly improve DFS in patients with high-risk DLBCL after achieving complete response to R-CHOP. Achievement of a complete response may have abrogated the prognostic significance of cell of origin by immunohistochemistry.
A Mixture Reflecting Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Profiles Detected in Human Follicular Fluid Significantly Affects Steroidogenesis and Induces Oxidative Stress in a Female Human Granulosa Cell Line
Authors: Lefevre Pavine L. C. , Wade Mike , Goodyer Cindy , Hales Barbara F. , Robaire Bernard
Published: May 2016

Brominated flame retardants are incorporated into consumer products to prevent flame propagation. These compounds leach into the domestic environment, resulting in chronic exposure. Pregnancy failure is associated with high levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a major class of brominated flame retardants, in human follicular fluid, raising serious questions regarding their impact on female fertility. Our goal was to elucidate the effects of a mixture of PBDEs, similar to the profile found in human follicular fluid, on an immortalized human granulosa cell line, the KGN cell line. We showed that cell viability was altered and oxidative stress was induced as reflected by increased reactive oxygen species formation at 100 μM of the PBDE mixture. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PBDE treatments of 1, 5, and 20 μM altered the expression of several genes involved in the reactive oxygen species signaling pathway. Significant dose-dependent reductions in progesterone and estradiol levels in the culture medium were measured after PBDE treatment; in parallel, the expression of genes involved in estradiol metabolism, namely CYP1A1, was up-regulated by 5 and 20 μM of the PBDE mixture. Treatment with 20 μM PBDE also increased the expression and secretion of the proinflammatory factor, IL-6, into the KGN cell culture medium. Our results demonstrate that PBDEs can alter human granulosa cell functions by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting steroidogenesis. These results indicate that PBDEs may be detrimental to ovarian functions and thus may adversely affect female reproductive health after chronic exposure.
PCSK9 R46L Loss-of-Function Mutation Reduces Lipoprotein(a), LDL Cholesterol, and Risk of Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Langsted Anne , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Benn Marianne , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Kamstrup Pia R.
Published: May 2016

Context:

Novel, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-lowering proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) inhibitors also lower lipoprotein(a) levels, but the effect on aortic valve stenosis and myocardial infarction is unknown.

Objective:

We tested the hypothesis that the PCSK9 R46L loss-of-function mutation is associated with lower levels of lipoprotein(a) and with reduced risk of aortic valve stenosis and myocardial infarction.

Design:

We used two prospective cohort studies of the general population and one patient-based cohort.

Setting:

Cohort studies selected at random individuals of Danish descent.

Participants:

We studied 103 083 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study, the Copenhagen City Heart Study, and the Copenhagen Ischemic Heart Disease Study.

Main outcome measures:

Lipoprotein(a), LDL cholesterol, and PCSK9 R46L genotype and diagnoses of aortic valve stenosis and myocardial infarction from national registries; lipoprotein(a) was measured from 49,617 individuals.

Results:

Median (interquartile range) lipoprotein(a) levels were 10 (5–30) mg/dl for PCSK9 R46L noncarriers, 9 (4–32) mg/dl for heterozygotes, and 8 (4–42) mg/dl for homozygotes (trend P = .02). The corresponding values for LDL cholesterol levels were 124 (101–147) mg/dl, 104 (85–132) mg/dl, and 97 (85–128) mg/dl, respectively (trend P = 2 × 10−52). PCSK9 R46L carriers vs noncarriers had an age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio of 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.44–0.95) for aortic valve stenosis, 0.77 (0.65–0.92) for myocardial infarction, and 0.76 (0.64–0.89) for aortic valve stenosis or myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:

PCSK9 R46L carriers have lower levels of lipoprotein(a) and LDL cholesterol as well as reduced risk of aortic valve stenosis and myocardial infarction. This indirectly suggests that PCSK9 inhibitors may have a role in patients with aortic valve stenosis.
Valeria Manzano, The Age of Youth in Argentina. Culture, Politics and Sexuality from Perón to Videla, Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 2014
Authors: ΖΕΣΤΑΝΑΚΗΣ ΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΗΣ
Published: May 2016

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
Γιώργος Κόκκινος, Το Ολοκαύτωμα. Η διαχείριση της τραυματικής μνήμης – θύτες και θύματα, Αθήνα, Gutenberg, 2015
Authors: ΓΑΓΑΝΑΚΗΣ KΩΣΤΑΣ
Published: May 2016

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
The dream of health information for all
Authors: Proaño Alvaro , Ruiz Eloy F , Porudominsky Ruben , Tapia Jose Carlos
Published: May 2016

In 2004, an influential report inThe Lancetsuggested that open health information for all could be achieved by 2015. Unfortunately, this goal has not yet been accomplished. Despite progress in obtaining quality scientific articles in Latin America, it remains difficult to reliably access new and cutting-edge research. As graduating Peruvian medical students, we have confronted many obstacles in obtaining access to quality and up-to-date information and a constant tension between accessing "what is available" rather than "what we need". As we have learned, these limitations affect not only our own education but also the choices we make in the management of our patients. In the following article, we state our point of view regarding limitations in access to scientific articles in Peru and Latin America.
Cannabinoid receptor type-1: breaking the dogmas
Authors: Busquets Garcia Arnau , Soria-Gomez Edgar , Bellocchio Luigi , Marsicano Giovanni
Published: May 2016

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is abundantly expressed in the brain. This system regulates a plethora of physiological functions and is composed of cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids), and the enzymes involved in the metabolism of endocannabinoids. In this review, we highlight the new advances in cannabinoid signaling, focusing on a key component of the ECS, the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1). In recent years, the development of new imaging and molecular tools has demonstrated that this receptor can be distributed in many cell types (e.g., neuronal or glial cells) and intracellular compartments (e.g., mitochondria). Interestingly, cellular and molecular effects are differentially mediated by CB1receptors according to their specific localization (e.g., glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons). Moreover, this receptor is expressed in the periphery, where it can modulate periphery-brain connections. Finally, the better understanding of the CB1receptor structure led researchers to propose interesting and new allosteric modulators. Thus, the advances and the new directions of the CB1receptor field will provide new insights and better approaches to profit from its interesting therapeutic profile.
Case Report: Multifocal biphasic squamoid alveolar renal cell carcinoma
Authors: López José I.
Published: May 2016

A multifocal biphasic squamoid alveolar renal cell carcinoma in a 68-year-old man is reported. Four different peripheral tumor nodules were identified on gross examination. A fifth central tumor corresponded to a conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biphasic squamoid alveolar renal cell carcinoma is a rare tumor that has been very recently characterized as a distinct histotype within the spectrum of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Immunostaining with cyclin D1 seems to be specific of this tumor subtype. This is the first reported case with multifocal presentation.
Complex Reoperation for Late Complications After Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery
Authors: Stöger Guillermo , Ríos Matías , Battellini Roberto , Bracco Daniel , Kotowicz Vadim
Published: May 2016

The correct management of acute Type A dissection continues to be a challenge. The primary goal is to save the patient´s life. However, the decision regarding the surgical approach determines possible later complications. We present the case of a 59-year-old female patient with a past history of emergent surgery for acute Type A dissection treated by supracoronary ascending and aortic valve replacement 19 years previously. Later, in a second endovascular approach, the descending aorta was treated by a thoracic endoprosthesis. During follow-up a dilated aortic root and a Type I endoleak were observed, and complex reoperation was required. We performed a total aortic arch replacement with a 4-branched graft and a complete aortic root replacement using the Cabrol technique for the reinsertion of the coronary arteries. The mechanical aortic normally functioning valve was preserved. The patient was discharged 30 days postoperatively.
The Chronobiology of Stanford Type A Aortic Dissections
Authors: DeAnda Abe , Grossi Eugene , Balsam Leora , Moon Marc , Barlow Clifford , Navia Daniel , Ursomanno Patricia , Ziganshin Bulat , Rabinovich Annette , Elefteriades John , Smith Julian
Published: May 2016

Background:
Seasonal variations of Stanford Type A dissections (STADs) have been previously described in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). This study sought to determine if these variation are mirrored in the Southern Hemisphere (SH).

Methods:
Data from patients treated surgically for STADs were retrospectively obtained from existing administrative and clinical databases from NH and SH sites. Data points of interest included age, sex, date of dissection, and 30-day mortality. The dates of dissections (independent of year) were then organized by season.

Results:
A total of 1418 patients were identified (729 NH and 689 SH) with complete data available for 1415; 896 patients were male with a mean age was 61 ± 14 years, and the overall 30-day mortality was 17.3%. Comparison of NH and SH on a month-to-month basis demonstrated a 6-month phase shift and a significant difference by season, with STADs occurring predominantly in the winter and least in the summer. Decomposition of the monthly incidence using Fourier analysis revealed the phase shift of the primary harmonic to be –21.9 and 169.8 degrees (days), respectively, for NH and SH. The resultant 191.7 day difference did not exactly correspond to the anticipated 6-month difference but was compatible with the original hypothesis.

Conclusion:
Chronobiology plays a role in the occurrence of STADs with the highest occurrence in the winter months independent of the hemisphere. Season is not the predominant reason why aortas dissect, but for patients at risk, the increase in systemic vascular resistance during the winter months may account for the seasonal variations seen.
Stranger danger: the importance and perils of companionship in rabbits
Authors: Stapleton Nadene
Published: May 2016

A rabbit's need for companionship is an important element of their welfare and husbandry. Increasingly, this fact is being recognised in both the laboratory and commercial settings and legislation and guidelines have been developed to enhance a rabbits social contact with members of their own species. Sadly, the social needs of pet rabbits are often not being met by owners. This may be through lack of education on the importance of companionship to their pets or through a lack of knowledge on how to introduce members of this territorial species together. The following article discusses the importance of social housing for rabbits and ways in which introductions can be made to reduce the likelihood of fighting.
Pemisahan Anomali Regional-Residual pada Metode Gravitasi Menggunakan Metode Moving Average, Polynomial dan Inversion
Authors: Purnomo Jarot , Koesuma Sorja , Yunianto Mohtar
Published: May 2016

It has been done a research about separation of regional-residual anomaly in Gravity method. This research compares the result of three methods i.e. moving average method, polynomial method, and inversion method. The computer program is created using a computer programming Matlab 7. From three methods that have been made, the separation results are compared with
results of separation by using Upward Continuation method. From the results of these comparisons will be available an excellent program of regional-residual anomali separation. The results show that in polynomial method of the order 4 obtained similar contour to the separation by Upward Continuation Software. So that the output of this separation will be treated again with Grav2DC software. The output of this software is the density of rock Grav2DC of the study
area. Processing results obtained the minimum error of 1.85% for the separation by polynomial method, while for the method of Upward Continuation obtained minimum error of 2.22%. The results obtained show that the separation of regional-residual anomali by polynomial method is similar to separation by Upward Continuation method.
Metode Elektrooptis sebagai Pendeteksi Radikal Bebas dan Prospek untuk Evaluasi Total Mutu Minyak Goreng
Authors: Firdausi K Sofjan , Sugito Heri , Amitasari Ria , Murni Sri
Published: May 2016

One main problem of standard methods for determination of frying oil quality is various parameter of indicators with their various wide of methods or equipments. In this research we proposed a new method for determination of oil quality using single electrooptics parameter to replace previous indicators. The samples used in the experiment were various conditions of palm oils from the same brand. The level of oil quality was proposed by the value of 2, which represents as the relative number of free radicals produced in the sample. The change of polarization was measured by the value of as the samples were induced by an external electric field using high voltage dc power supply. At room temperature of 28 C electrooptics method seems capable to detect free radicals and to distinguish all kinds of palm oils. This method has an opportunity to provide a single parameter of oil quality and an evaluator of halal or authentic food from fats.
Noirscapes: Using the screen to rewrite Los Angeles noir as urban historiography
Authors: Maher Sean , Kerrigan Susan
Published: May 2016

Noirscapes is a transmedia experience, and the cameras are rolling. Writing its own version of Los Angeles’ history, Noirscapes is a filmed scholarly discourse that literally drives through the urban environment of the city of Los Angeles constructing a noir historiography. The authors of this article are film-makerresearchers who, as a mode of creative practice research, are using screens and the medium of film to write with, on and for the screen. The premise of Noirscapes is that film noir can function partly as a surrogate history of Los Angeles, so that film noir screens provide written cinematic evidence of the city’s actual as well as imagined history. Noirscapes presents a series of short films that constitute a creative practice research output. Filming and driving across the freeways and boulevards of present day Los Angeles allowed the film-makers to traverse production locations and to discuss their role in urban historiography, as featured through iconic film noirs like Double Indemnity (1944), Sunset Boulevard (1950) and Chinatown (1974). Noirscapes demonstrates how film-making and spectatorship can be used as complementary research methods that enquire with, on and for the screen.
The effectiveness of using medical students for training high school students in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Dîrzu Dan Sebastian , Hagău Natalia , Boţ Theodor , Fărcaş Loredana , Copotoiu Sanda Maria
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Training for cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a very important topic for society, trainers and researchers. However it is not yet established who should be trained and by whom nor how the training programmes should be accomplished. We developed a study to evaluate an existing programme where medical students train high school students in cardiopulmonary resuscitation using instrumented mannequins to teach and collect performance data.

Method: The students of four randomly selected high school classes were trained by four randomly selected medical students and were evaluated by an independent evaluator. The level of knowledge provided and the level of technical skills acquired were analysed.

Results: One hour of lecturing was enough to increase the mean of correct answers from 39.52% to 78.48% when we tested knowledge. Testing for skills retention we found that that 92.75% of trained students taped the shoulder; 95.65% asked loudly “Are you all right?” at the right moment; 97.1% shouted for help at the right moment, the entire group remembered to check the breathing at the right moment, and 92.75% executed a correct head tilt chin lift manoeuvre; 86.9% remembered to call 112 at the right moment. Automatic recordings showed that mean flow fraction was 80.74%, mean no flow time was 18.9 seconds, mean frequency of chest compressions was 134.7/min and mean compression depth was 39.06 mm.

Conclusions: The results showed that high school students achieved a good level of knowledge and acceptable cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills when trained by medical students.
Surgical Strategy in Bouveret's Syndrome. A Case Report
Authors: Dénes Márton István , Török Árpád , Éltes Etele , Kucserik Levente , András Zsolt , Borz Bogdan , Borz Cristian
Published: May 2016

Bouveret's syndrome is a high mechanical obstruction due to impaction of a gallstone into the duodenum, through a cholecystoduodenal fistula. It belongs to a larger group of gallstone ileus, a disease which occurs after developing a fistula between the gallbladder and the gastrointestinal tract. This is a rare complication of gallstones but because it appears in elderly people, it has a high morbidity and mortality. Patients have various symptoms and the treatment is individualized. We present here a case of a 67 years old patient, admitted in emergency, presenting symptoms of high bowel obstruction, with onset 5 days before admission. Abdominal ultrasound reveals a 5 cm stone that seems to be in the gallbladder, gastric stasis and at gastroscopy appears a foreign body impacted in the duodenum. After a short preparation the patient underwent surgery. We found a dilated stomach and a large cholecystoduodenal fistula with an impacted gallstone in the duodenum. We performed one stage surgery: cholecystectomy, extraction of the stone and suturing of the fistula. We reestablished the continuity of the intestinal tract. We performed also an ileostomy for feeding the patient and protecting the anastomoses. The postoperative evolution was favorable.

We consider that one stage surgical treatment in gallstone ileus is an option, if the patient is in good condition and we have an adequate postoperative intensive care management.
A Multiparameter Model for the Correlation Between CT Hounsfield Unit and Blood Components
Authors: Pop Marian , Pop Raluca , Bacarea Anca
Published: May 2016

Objective: To search for a dependency between blood Hounsfield Units values as measured by Computed Tomography and blood components with regards to hemoglobin oxygenated status, demographic data and acquisition parameters.

Methods: A retrospective study included a convenience sample of 144 SCJU patients who underwent routine thoracic CT examinations (Siemens Somatom AS 64 or 128 MDCT) in 2014 and had laboratory examinations done in nearby time. Variables included age, sex, mA, mV, aortic HU values, PA HU values, RBC, HTC, HGB, PLT, WBC blood sugar, PT and INR. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 3.1.1 and MedCalc 12.5 with a statistical significance factor of 0.05.

Results: The examined patients had an average age of 56.25, with a predominance of males (M:F=1.62). While there was a minor difference between HU values in Males vs Females (1.01 HU) it was proven as statistically significant (p=0.0051). No statistical significant difference between oxygenated/non-oxygenated blood (p=0.9636). Regression analysis found positive correlation between HU values and RGB, HGB and HCT with a significance level below 0.0001, the strongest being for the HGB level.

Conclusions: While HU values seem to carry multifactorial sources and the red blood cells being the most important an importance should be given to the fibrinoid plasma components which appear to bear negative impact.
The Role of Supportive Therapy in Pediatric Malignancies
Authors: Papp Zsuzsanna Erzsébet , Horváth Mária-Adrienne
Published: May 2016

Childhood cancer is a major psycho-social and health problem. International study groups establish complex, efficient, and concrete Cytostatic Protocols for every cancer type. During chemotherapy patients become extremely vulnerable to infections, so it is necessary to complete the treatment with blood substitution, anti-infection medication, growth factors and other complementary products.

Materials and Methods: We studied the importance of the wide palette of adjuvant therapy near the intensive cytostatic treatment in the period of March 2014-November 2015 at the hemato-oncology department in Pediatric Clinic of Mures County Hospital.

Results: In this period we treated 20 children (9 female, 11 male) aged between 9 months-18 years. We had 15 cases of haemopathies (13 acute leukemia and two lymphomas), and five solid tumors. Packed red blood cells, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma were given in the aplastic period. A patient benefited, on average, a total of 70ml/kg packed red blood cells and 50 U platelets. For infection prophylaxis and treatment every child benefited associated infective medication.

Discussions: Packed red blood cells, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma were given to patients with a deficiency in the ability to produce normal blood cells which are temporarily worsened by chemotherapy. Antibiotic and antifungal medications are given to all febrile and neutropenic patients. We use wide spectrum antibiotics in association for preventing sepsis. Growth factors are stimulating the bone marrow to increase leukocyte number. Since introducing additional immunostimulant medication, we observed a significant decrease of infection in the aplastic period.

Conclusions: Oncology protocols use only 3-5 cytostatic drugs. Maintaining the patient’s life during the treatment, it is necessary to use a large spectrum of supportive medications.
Tone errors in scripted conversations of L2 Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Yang Chunsheng
Published: May 2016

This study examines the acquisition of Mandarin tones by American English speaking second language (L2) learners. Three types of tone sequences, namely, compatible tone sequences, conflicting tone sequences, and other tone sequences, were used. The analysis of tone errors in different tone sequences showed that, while learners seemed to have acquired the Tone 3 and its sandhi, they tended to over-apply the sandhi rule in inappropriate contexts and produced tone errors. More importantly, the low and rising tones, which are generally difficult for L2 learners to produce, were the most frequent tones produced to replace other tones. More specifically, the low tone errors tended to occur at the phrase-medial position, while the rising tone errors tended to occur at the phrase-initial position. The low and rising tone errors were attributed to the difficulty in quickly changing tone targets and F0 direction in tone production, which is the product of the superimposition of English prosody.
Diazene sulphonate as a cross-linking agent for polymers with pendant triarylamine hole-conducting units
Authors: Baranovicova Eva , Stasko Andrej , Nuyken Oskar
Published: May 2016

Diazene sulphonates are readily available compounds which are soluble in water and polar solvents. They strongly absorb the UV-VIS light and they decompose under UV irradiation via radical or ionic intermediates. These properties render them valuable, e.g. for analytical purposes and for photo-printing. In this presentation, it will be demonstrated that polymers with a pendant diazene sulphonate function as cross-linking agents and with pendant aromatic amines as hole-transporters can be considered as useful materials for organic light-emitting device (OLED) technology.
Cohesion and performance in soccer: A causal model
Authors: Gioldasis Aristotelis , Stavrou Nektarios , Mitrotasios Michael , Psychountaki Maria
Published: May 2016

The conceptual model of sport cohesion that Carron developed describes the relationships between cohesion and performance including the antecedents and consequences of the variables. Although researchers have conducted a plethora of studies around the relationship between cohesion and performance, there is a gap in literature regarding longitudinal changes of this relationship as well as its direction. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to examine the relationship between cohesion and performance for soccer teams during a full competitive season as well as the direction of the relationship. The study suggests a new model for the relationship between cohesion and performance. In total, 173 Greek soccer players (M=21.91) completed the Group Environment Questionnaire (Carron et al., 1985) in all the measurements from the beginning of the preparation to the end of the competitive season. The results showed that cohesion and performance are two variables that affect each other in soccer, with a stronger direction from cohesion to performance. However, cohesion affects performance either positively or negatively throughout the season.