bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Tubular Retractor-Assisted Transsulcal Minimal Invasive Parafascicular Approach for Deep-Seated Lesions in Cortical Vascularization
Authors: de la Fuente Pablo , Rajwani Kapil , Price Sally Ann , Vergani Francesco , Ashkan Keyoumars , Gullan Richard , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Lavrador Jose Pedro
Published: October 2022

AIMS

Assess the impact of tubular retractor-assisted transsulcal minimal invasive parafascicular approaches(tsMIPS) in the cortical vascularization using indocianin green angiography(ICGA) during removal of deep-seated cerebral tumours.

METHOD

Single-centre prospective cohort study of patients with deep-seated lesions – distance to nearest sulcus > 10mm - where ICGA was performed. Zeiss FLOW800 Software was used to analyse the following variables - delay time, speed, time to peak and rise time - before and after insertion of the tubular retractor (NICO BrainPath).

RESULTS

13 patients were enrolled. 60 regions-of-interest were analysed. The most common pathology was high grade glioma (69%). The average depth of tumours was 34,2mm (23– 45mm) and the time-under-retraction 166mins (45-280 mins). The most common vascular pattern before-after tubular retractor was: increase on the delay time, time to peak and rising time (present in 8 patients) and a decrease on the speed (present in 7 patients). Two patients had a mayor neurological deficit after the surgery. Both had the same flow pattern with an increase on the speed and decrease on the time to peak and rise time, the delay was indifference.

CONCLUSION

This is the first study assessing the impact of tubular retractor-assisted tsMIPS in cortical vascularization during deep-seated lesion resection. The most common cortical vascular pattern is: an increase on the delay time, time to peak and rising time and a decrease on the speed. The two patients who presented vascular injury shared the same pattern (increase on the speed, decrease on the time to peak and rise time, with indifference delay).
Prolonged Transfusion-Dependent Temozolomide-Induced Thrombocytopaenia in Glioblastoma: Risk Factors Remain Elusive
Authors: Ismail Nashwah , Patel Karan , Colaco Rovel , Borst Gerben , Milanovic Dusan , McBain Catherine
Published: October 2022

AIMS

Temozolomide-induced thrombocytopaenia is well-recognised; clinical-course varies widely. Aims: To identify risk factors for prolonged thrombocytopaenia; improve patient-care; inform trial design.

METHOD

Glioblastoma (GBM) patients requiring platelet transfusion were identified. (Local policy: transfuse when plt count ≤ 30 x 109/L). Inclusion criteria: First-line-standard-of-care temozolomide-chemo-radiotherapy (TMZ-CRT). Case-notes reviewed for demographics, blood-counts, radiotherapy and treatment parameters. Thrombocytopaenia grading: CTCAE V5. Date of onset measured from start of TMZ-CRT to date of platelets < 100 x 109/L, and to date of first instance of ≥ grade 3 thrombocytopaenia. Thrombocytopaenia duration: time to platelet count recovery to ≥ 100x109/L.

RESULTS

Between 2017-2021, 69 patients required platelet transfusion; 68/69 identified on routine monitoring. 49 patients were analysed (6:no CRT; 5:trial study drug; 7:≥ 2nd line treatment; 2:inadequate data). Median age: 59 (range 25-73); 61% female. First incidence of thrombocytopaenia during concurrent TMZ-CRT: 27/49 patients; during adjuvant TMZ in 22/49 (13/22 following 6-week-TMZ-CRT, 9/22 following 3-week-TMZ-CRT). In concurrent patients, median time to thrombocytopaenia: 33 days (range 23-38); median duration: 44 days (range 20-105; 5 not recovered); number of transfusions: 1-2:9 pts; 3-4:6pts; 5-7:3pts; 8-10:7pts; >10:2pts. Of 22 adjuvant patients transfused, 8/22 developed ≥G3 thrombocytopaenia post-cycle-2; 19/22 resolved after 1 or 2 transfusions. Thrombocyopaenia was associated with ≥G3 neutropaenia in 11% of patients requiring <5 transfusions vs 75% requiring ≥ 5. Comparison of < 5 vs ≥ 5 transfusion-patients did not identify differences in any demographic or treatment parameters.

CONCLUSION

Risk factors for prolonged TMZ-induced thrombocytopenia vs swiftly-resolving thrombocytopaenia remain elusive. This needs to be reflected in consent processes and in design of clinical trials.
Introduction
Authors: Mintz Alex , Terris Lesley G.
Published: October 2022

Behavioral political science (BPS) is a new approach to political science that is rooted in the belief that concepts, models, and research approaches from different disciplines (such as psychology, economics, communication) can deepen one’s understanding of political behavior and political decision-making (Mintz et al 2021). In recent years, a significant body of literature based in the behavioral approach has emerged, enriching the ways by which a wide range of cognitive, emotional, and motivational factors impact actors’ thinking processes and behavior choices in different strategic, political, and other social settings. This introduction discusses the BPS approach and the ability of behavioral-oriented research to explain many of the phenomena that deviate from the traditional rational choice models that have dominated the field for decades. It presents the chapters included in the four sections of the handbook: bounded rationality and heuristics, theoretical approaches, attitudes, and BPS research methods.
Preclinical Study of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using a 3-Dimensional Manufacturing Setting for Enhancing Spinal Fusion
Authors: Cho Sumin , Choi Hyemin , Jeong Hyundoo , Kwon Su Yeon , Roh Eun Ji , Jeong Kwang-Hun , Baek Inho , Kim Byoung Ju , Lee Soo-Hong , Han Inbo , Cha Jae Min
Published: October 2022

Spinal fusion surgery is a surgical technique that connects one or more vertebrae at the same time to prevent movement between the vertebrae. Although synthetic bone substitutes or osteogenesis-inducing recombinant proteins were introduced to promote bone union, the rate of revision surgery is still high due to pseudarthrosis. To promote successful fusion after surgery, stem cells with or without biomaterials were introduced; however, conventional 2D-culture environments have resulted in a considerable loss of the innate therapeutic properties of stem cells. Therefore, we conducted a preclinical study applying 3D-spheroids of human bone marrow-dewrived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to a mouse spinal fusion model. First, we built a large-scale manufacturing platform for MSC spheroids, which is applicable to good manufacturing practice (GMP). Comprehensive biomolecular examinations, which include liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and bioinformatics could suggest a framework of quality control (QC) standards for the MSC spheroid product regarding the identity, purity, viability, and potency. In our animal study, the mass-produced and quality-controlled MSC spheroids, either undifferentiated or osteogenically differentiated were well-integrated into decorticated bone of the lumbar spine, and efficiently improved angiogenesis, bone regeneration, and mechanical stability with statistical significance compared to 2D-cultured MSCs. This study proposes a GMP-applicable bioprocessing platform and QC directions of MSC spheroids aiming for their clinical application in spinal fusion surgery as a new bone graft substitute.
Technical insights into fluorescence lifetime microscopy of mechanosensitive Flipper probes
Authors: Roffay Chloé , García-Arcos Juan Manuel , Chapuis Pierrik , López-Andarias Javier , Schneider Falk , Colom Adai , Tomba Caterina , Meglio Ilaria Di , Dunsing Valentin , Matile Stefan , Roux Aurélien , Mercier Vincent
Published: October 2022

Measuring forces within living cells remains a technical challenge. We developed hydrophobic mechanosensing fluorescent probes called Flippers, whose fluorescence lifetime depends on lipid packing and can report on membrane tension. Here, we describe technical optimization of the probe imaging, and diverse characterizations in various biological and in vitro systems. We provide a guideline to measure biophysical parameters of cellular membranes by FLIM microscopy with Flipper probes, providing evidences that flippers can report long range forces in cells, tissues and organsi.
Heterogeneous distribution of sex ratio distorters in natural populations of the isopodArmadillidium vulgare
Authors: Durand Sylvine , Lheraud Baptiste , Giraud Isabelle , Bech Nicolas , Grandjean Frédéric , Rigaud Thierry , Peccoud Jean , Cordaux Richard
Published: October 2022

In the isopodArmadillidium vulgare, many females produce progenies with female-biased sex ratios, due to two feminizing sex ratio distorters (SRD):Wolbachiaendosymbionts and thefelement. We investigated the distribution and population dynamics of these SRD and mitochondrial DNA variation in 16 populations from Europe and Japan. Confirming and extending results from the 1990’s, we found that the SRD are present at variable frequencies in populations, and that thefelement is overall more frequent thanWolbachia. The two SRD never co-occur at high frequency in any population, suggesting an apparent mutual exclusion. We also detectedWolbachiaor thefelement in some males, which likely reflects insufficient titer to induce feminization or presence of masculinizing alleles. Our results are consistent with a single integration event of aWolbachiagenome in theA. vulgaregenome at the origin of thefelement, which contradicts an earlier hypothesis of frequent losses and gains. We identified strong linkage betweenWolbachiastrains and mitochondrial haplotypes, but no association between thefelement and mitochondrial background. Our results open new perspectives on SRD evolutionary dynamics inA. vulgare, the evolution of genetic conflicts and their impact on the variability of sex determination systems.
Drivers and implications of the extreme 2022 wildfire season in Southwest Europe
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos , Cunill Camprubí Àngel , Balaguer-Romano Rodrigo , Ruffault Julien , Fernandes Paulo M , de Dios Víctor Resco
Published: October 2022

Wildfire is a common phenomenon in Mediterranean countries but the 2022 fire season has been extreme in southwest Europe (Portugal, Spain and France). Burned area has exceeded the 2001-2021 median by a factor of 52 in some regions and large wildfires started to occur in June-July, earlier than the traditional fire season. These anomalies were associated with record-breaking values of fuel dryness, atmospheric water demand and pyrometeorological conditions. For instance, live fuel moisture content was below the historical minima for almost 50% of the season in some regions. Wildfire impacts are primarily social and economical in these fire-prone landscapes, but they may prompt large-scale degradation if this anomaly becomes more common under climate change, as is expected. As climate changes intensify, we can expect this to become the new normal in large parts of the continent. Climate change is already here and delaying fuel management will only worsen the wildfire problem. Here we provide a preliminary though comprehensive analysis of 2022’s wildfire season in southwest Europe (Portugal, France and Spain).
Apolipoprotein E4 modulates astrocyte neuronal support functions in the presence of amyloid-β
Authors: Fleeman Rebecca M , Kuhn Madison K , Chan Dennis C , Proctor Elizabeth A
Published: October 2022

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid transporter produced predominantly by astrocytes in the brain. The ε4 variant of APOE (APOE4) is the strongest and most common genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the molecular mechanisms of this increased risk are unclear, APOE4 is known to alter immune signaling and lipid and glucose metabolism. Astrocytes provide various forms of support to neurons, including regulating neuron metabolism and immune responses through cytokine signaling. Changes in astrocyte function due to APOE4 may therefore decrease neuronal support, leaving neurons more vulnerable to stress and disease insults. To determine whether APOE4 alters astrocyte neuronal support functions, we measured glycolytic and oxidative metabolism of neurons treated with conditioned media from APOE4 or APOE3 (the common, risk-neutral variant) primary astrocyte cultures. We found that APOE4 neurons treated with conditioned media from resting APOE4 astrocytes had similar metabolism to APOE3 astrocytes, but treatment with ACM from astrocytes challenged with amyloid-β (Aβ), a key pathological protein in AD, caused APOE4 neurons to increase their basal mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolic rates more than APOE3 neurons. These changes were not due to differences in astrocytic lactate production or glucose utilization, but instead correlated with increased glycolytic ATP production and a lack of cytokine secretion response to Aβ. Together, these findings suggest that in the presence of Aβ, APOE4 astrocytes alter immune and metabolic functions that result in a compensatory increase in neuronal metabolic stress.
Tixagevimab-cilgavimab as an early treatment for COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Benotmane Ilies , Olagne Jérôme , Vargas Gabriela Gautier , Cognard Noëlle , Heibel Francoise , Braun-Parvez Laura , Keller Nicolas , Martzloff Jonas , Perrin Peggy , Pszczolinski Romain , Moulin Bruno , Fafi-Kremer Samira , Caillard Sophie
Published: October 2022

Objective

This single-center retrospective study evaluated the use of tixagevimab-cilgavimab as an early treatment for COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) during the omicron wave.

Methods

KTRs were deemed at high risk for moderate-to-severe COVID-19 in presence of at least one comorbidity (age >60 years, diabetes, obesity, or cardiovascular disease) associated with a weak humoral response (<264 BAU/mL). All other KTRs were considered at low risk. The two groups were stratified according to the administration of tixagevimab-cilgavimab and compared in terms of COVID-19-related hospitalization, oxygen need, ICU admission, and mortality.

Results

Of the 61 KTRs at high risk, 26 received tixagevimab-cilgavimab. COVID-19-related hospitalizations (3.8% versus 34%, p=0.006) and oxygen need (3.8% versus 23%, p=0.04) were significantly less frequent in patients who received tixagevimab-cilgavimab. In addition, non-significant trends towards a lower number of ICU admissions (3.8% versus 14.3% p=0.17) and deaths (0 versus 3, p=0.13) were observed after administration of tixagevimab-cilgavimab. Ten of the 73 low-risk KTRs received tixagevimab-cilgavimab, and no significant clinical benefit was observed in this subgroup.

Conclusion

Early administration of tixagevimab-cilgavimab may be clinically useful in high-risk KTRs with COVID-19; however, no major benefit was observed for low-risk patients.
High-content phenotypic screen to identify small molecule enhancers of Parkin-dependent ubiquitination and mitophagy
Authors: Tufi Roberta , Clark Emily H. , Hoshikawa Tamaki , Tsagkaraki Christiana , Stanley Jack , Takeda Kunitoshi , Staddon James M. , Briston Thomas
Published: October 2022

Mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant mitochondrial homeostasis are key aspects of Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathophysiology. Mutations in PINK1 and Parkin proteins lead to autosomal recessive PD, suggesting that defective mitochondrial clearance via mitophagy is key in PD etiology. Accelerating the identification and/or removal of dysfunctional mitochondria could therefore provide a disease-modifying approach to treatment. To that end, we performed a high-content phenotypic screen (HCS) of ~125,000 small molecules to identify compounds that positively modulate mitochondrial accumulation of the PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagy initiation marker p-Ser65-Ub in Parkin haploinsufficiency (Parkin +/R275W) human fibroblasts. Following confirmatory counter-screening and orthogonal assays, we selected compounds of interest that enhance mitophagy-related biochemical and functional endpoints in patient-derived fibroblasts. Identification of inhibitors of the ubiquitin-specific peptidase and negative regulator of mitophagy USP30 within our hits further validated our approach. The compounds identified provide a novel starting point for further investigation and optimisation.
Mechanisms of insertions at a DNA double-strand break
Authors: Min Jaewon , Zhao Junfei , Zagelbaum Jennifer , Takahashi Sho , Cummings Portia , Schooley Allana , Dekker Job , Gottesman Max E. , Rabadan Raul , Gautier Jean
Published: October 2022

Insertions and deletions (indels) are common sources of structural variation, and insertions originating from spontaneous DNA lesions are frequent in cancer. We developed a highly sensitive assay in human cells (Indel-Seq) to monitor rearrangements at the TRIM37 acceptor locus which reports indels stemming from experimentally-induced and spontaneous genome instability. Templated insertions derive from sequences genome-wide and are enriched within 100 kb of donor regions flanking a DSB. Insertions require contact between donor and acceptor loci as well as DNA-PK catalytic activity. Notably, these templated insertions originate from actively transcribed loci, underscoring transcription as a critical source of spontaneous genome instability. Transcription-coupled insertions involve a DNA/RNA hybrid intermediate and are stimulated by DNA end-processing. Using engineered Cas9 breaks, we establish that ssDNA overhangs at the acceptor site greatly stimulate insertions. Indel-Seq revels that insertions are generated via at least three distinct pathways. Our studies indicate that insertions result from movement and subsequent contact between acceptor and donor loci followed invasion or annealing, then by non-homologous end-joining at the acceptor site.
The structure of a Plasmodium vivax Tryptophan Rich Antigen suggests a lipid binding function for a pan-Plasmodium multi-gene family
Authors: Kundu Prasun , Naskar Deboki , McKie Shannon , Dass Sheena , Kanjee Usheer , Introini Viola , Ferreira Marcelo U. , Duraisingh Manoj , Deane Janet , Rayner Julian C.
Published: October 2022

Tryptophan Rich Antigens (TRAgs) are encoded by a multi-gene family in all Plasmodium species, significantly expanded in P. vivax, but their function is not currently known. We show that multiple P. vivax TRAgs are expressed on the merozoite surface and that one, PVP01_0000100 binds red blood cells with a strong preference for reticulocytes. Solving the structure of the C-terminal tryptophan rich domain that defines the TRAg family revealed a three-helical bundle that is conserved across Plasmodium and has homology with lipid-binding BAR domains involved in membrane remodelling. Biochemical assays confirmed that this domain has lipid binding activity with preference for sulfatide, a glycosphingolipid present in the outer leaflet of plasma membranes. Deletion of the putative orthologue in P. knowlesi, PKNH_1300500, impacts invasion in reticulocytes, suggesting a role for membrane remodelling during this essential process. Together, this work suggests a molecular function for the TRAg family for the first time.
McIdas localizes at centrioles and controls centriole numbers through PLK4-dependent phosphorylation
Authors: Arbi Marina , Skamnelou Margarita , Bournaka Spyridoula , Zitouni Sihem , Tsaridou Stavroula , Karayel Ozge , Vasilopoulou Catherine G. , Tsika Aikaterini C. , Giakoumakis Nikolaos N. , Spyroulias Georgios A. , Mann Matthias , Bettencourt-Dias Mónica , Taraviras Stavros , Lygerou Zoi
Published: October 2022

The centriole duplication cycle must be tightly controlled and coordinated with the chromosome cycle. Aberrations in centriole biogenesis can lead to cancer, developmental disorders and ciliopathies. Here, we show that McIdas -previously implicated in cell cycle control and centriole amplification in multiciliated cells-is critical to maintain centriole numbers. Using expansion microscopy, we demonstrate that McIdas is present at the middle part of centrioles, where it exhibits a differential localization during the cell cycle. McIdas loss perturbs daughter centriole biogenesis and centrosomal SAS6 recruitment, whereas its overexpression induces centriole overduplication. Consistently, McIdas depletion reduces PLK4-induced centriole amplification. McIdas interacts with and is phosphorylated by PLK4 in multiple sites identified by mass spectrometry. Mutational analysis shows that McIdas phosphorylation is important for centriole number control. Overall, our results identify a novel, direct role of McIdas on centriole duplication that can link its previously characterized roles in the chromosome cycle and multiciliogenesis.
Barcoding populations ofPseudomonas fluorescensSBW25
Authors: Theodosiou Loukas , Farr Andrew D. , Rainey Paul B.
Published: October 2022

In recent years evolutionary biologists have developed increasing interest in the use of barcoding strategies to study eco-evolutionary dynamics of lineages within evolving populations and communities. Although barcoded populations can deliver unprecedented insight into evolutionary change, barcoding microbes presents specific technical challenges. Here, strategies are described for barcoding populations of the model bacteriumPseudomonas fluorescensSBW25, including the design and cloning of barcoded regions, preparation of libraries for amplicon sequencing, and quantification of resulting barcoded lineages. In so doing, we hope to aid the design and implementation of barcoding methodologies in a broad range of model and non-model organisms.
Nucleotide metabolism is linked to cysteine availability
Authors: Allen Annamarie E. , Sun Yudong , Wei Fangchao , Reid Michael A. , Locasale Jason W.
Published: October 2022

The small molecule erastin inhibits the cystine-glutamate antiporter, system xc-, which leads to intracellular cysteine and glutathione depletion. This can cause ferroptosis, which is an oxidative cell death process characterized by uncontrolled lipid peroxidation. Erastin and other ferroptosis inducers have been shown to affect metabolism but the metabolic effects of these drugs have not been systematically studied. To this end, we investigated how erastin impacts global metabolism in cultured cells and compared this metabolic profile to that caused by the ferroptosis inducer RSL3 or in-vivo cysteine deprivation. Common among the metabolic profiles were alterations in nucleotide and central carbon metabolism. Supplementing nucleosides to cysteine-deprived cells rescued cell proliferation in certain contexts, showing that these alterations to nucleotide metabolism can affect cellular fitness. While GPX4 inhibition caused a similar metabolic profile as cysteine deprivation, nucleoside treatment did not rescue cell viability or proliferation under RSL3 treatment, suggesting that these metabolic changes have varying importance in different scenarios of ferroptosis. Together, our study shows how global metabolism is affected during ferroptosis, and points to nucleotide metabolism as an important target of cysteine deprivation.
Engineered RecA constructs reveal the minimal SOS activation complex
Authors: Cory Michael B. , Li Allen , Hurley Christina M. , Hostetler Zachary M. , Venkatesh Yarra , Jones Chloe M. , Petersson E. James , Kohli Rahul M.
Published: October 2022

The SOS response is a bacterial DNA damage response pathway that has been heavily implicated in bacteria’s ability to evolve resistance to antibiotics. Activation of the SOS response is dependent on the interaction between two bacterial proteins, RecA and LexA. RecA acts as a DNA damage sensor by forming lengthy oligomeric filaments (RecA*) along single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in an ATP-dependent manner. RecA* can then bind to LexA, the repressor of SOS response genes, triggering LexA degradation and leading to induction of the SOS response. Formation of the RecA*-LexA complex therefore serves as the key ‘SOS activation signal’. Given the challenges associated with studying a complex involving multiple macromolecular interactions, the essential constituents of RecA* that permit LexA cleavage are not well defined. Here, we leverage head-to-tail linked and end-capped RecA constructs as tools to define the minimal RecA* filament that can engage LexA. In contrast to previously postulated models, we found that as few as three linked RecA units are capable of ssDNA binding, LexA binding, and LexA cleavage. We further demonstrate that RecA oligomerization alone is insufficient for LexA cleavage, with an obligate requirement for ATP and ssDNA binding to form a competent SOS activation signal with the linked constructs. Our minimal system for RecA* highlights the limitations of prior models for the SOS activation signal and offers a novel tool that can inform efforts to slow acquired antibiotic resistance by targeting the SOS response.

Abstract Figure
Restriction Endonuclease-based Modification-Dependent Enrichment (REMoDE) of DNA for Metagenomic Sequencing
Authors: Enam Syed Usman , Cherry Joshua L. , Leonard Susan R. , Zheludev Ivan N. , Lipman David J. , Fire Andrew Z.
Published: October 2022

Metagenomic sequencing is a swift and powerful tool to ascertain the presence of an organism of interest in a sample. However, sequencing coverage of the organism of interest can be insufficient due to an inundation of reads from irrelevant organisms in the sample. Here, we report a nuclease-based approach to rapidly enrich for DNA from certain organisms, including enterobacteria, based on their differential endogenous modification patterns. We exploit the ability of taxon-specific methylated motifs to resist the action of cognate methylation-sensitive restriction endonucleases that thereby digest unwanted, unmethylated DNA. Subsequently, we use a distributive exonuclease or electrophoretic separation to deplete or exclude the digested fragments, thus, enriching for undigested DNA from the organism of interest. As a proof-of-concept, we apply this method to enrich for the enterobacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica by 11- to 142-fold from mock metagenomic samples and validate this approach as a versatile means to enrich for genomes of interest in metagenomic samples.

Importance

Pathogens that contaminate the food supply or spread through other means can cause outbreaks that bring devastating repercussions to the health of a populace. Investigations to trace the source of these outbreaks are initiated rapidly but can be drawn out due to the labored methods of pathogen isolation. Metagenomic sequencing can alleviate this hurdle but is often insufficiently sensitive. The approach and implementations detailed here provide a rapid means to enrich for many pathogens involved in foodborne outbreaks, thereby improving the utility of metagenomic sequencing as a tool in outbreak investigations. Additionally, this approach provides a means to broadly enrich for otherwise minute levels of modified DNA which may escape unnoticed in metagenomic samples.
Using 2D integral breadth to study plastic relaxation in a quasi-lattice-matched HgCdTe/CdZnTe heterostructure
Authors: Biquard Xavier , Tuaz Aymeric , Ballet Philippe
Published: October 2022

Micro-Laue diffraction has been used to record cross-section profiles on a quasi-lattice-matched HgCdTe/CdZnTe heterostructure as a function of the stress induced by a flexion machine. The heterostructure may be decomposed into four different regions according to depth. Sufficiently far from the interface, the CdZnTe substrate is undisturbed by the HgCdTe layer, while the region situated 10 µm beneath the interface presents an in-plane lattice parameter adjustment to the +0.02% mismatched layer. The layer has a 2 µm critical thickness and, beyond, misfit dislocations induce a large peak broadening whose main direction changes with depth. The same occurs over the whole heterostructure once flexion-induced plastification has started. Consequently, the usual full width at half-maximum or integral breadth is no longer relevant, and only a newly defined and rotationally invariant 2D integral breadth correctly measures the plastification-induced peak broadening. Taking into account only the critical thickness region, a 15.1 ± 0.7 MPa tensile HgCdTe elastic limit was measured, slightly overestimated because of the initial compressive layer stress. It was observed that the plastic onset of the substrate perfectly matches the elastic limit of the layer, despite the fact that the substrate elastic limit is expected to be four times higher: a striking demonstration of the propagation of threading dislocations. The `plastification easiness' is found to be 2.4 times smaller deep inside the substrate than in the layer critical thickness region, while in the substrate lattice adjustment region, the plastification easiness goes from the substrate to the layer value with a 22–25 MPa transition interval. This novel method using the 2D integral breadth allows for easy critical thickness measurement as well as precise plastic onset determination and plastification easiness assessment. It is a quite general method, since it may be applied to the vast class of epitaxial layers for which the critical thickness is larger than the micro-Laue beam size (currently 250 nm).
People want to see people? Personalization on Facebook as a tool for corporate communications
Authors: Denner Nora , Schneider Hannah
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Social networks were created to connect with friends. Therefore, communication in social networks allows addressing individual contacts of each user and is often rather private by nature. Organizations can use this to communicate frequently and personally with their stakeholders. Therefore, this study investigates how organizations use personalization in their social media communication.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a quantitative content analysis of Facebook posts from ten large companies (N = 500). The posts were analyzed regarding the sub dimensions of personalization, individualization and privatization, as well as type of post, tonality, emotions, user reactions and topics.

Findings

Companies at least partially personalize their communication on Facebook. Overall, 28% of all posts were personalized. Personalized posts were almost always positive regarding tonality and mostly positive regarding emotions. While the personalized posts in this study have fewer user reactions than non-personalized posts, they still have a rather high absolute number of reactions. Regarding personal characteristics, results show that professional competence and appearance were mainly addressed. Concerning privatization, only very few posts showed an individual in a private setting.

Originality/value

The present work gives an overview of how personalized posts differ from non-personalized posts and looks at depicted individuals as well as the use of private elements. By applying the conceptualization of Van Aelst et al. (2012) and by looking at organizations’ use of personalization on the social media platform Facebook, it sheds light on an area that has not been the center of attention so far and helps to expand the current state of personalization research.
Macroeconomic risk factors and Chinese FDIs in real estate: evidence from the Asia-Pacific public real estate markets
Authors: Coën Alain , Lecomte Patrick , Zaiter Saadallah
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to shed light on the relative importance of Chinese (Mainland China and Hong Kong: CH-HK) foreign direct investments (FDIs) in real estate (FDIRE) on the dynamics of Asia-Pacific (APAC) public real estate markets after the Global Financial Crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a parsimonious real estate asset-pricing model including macroeconomic risk factors, the authors develop a metric to measure FDIs in the real estate sector. The authors use a panel VAR approach based on robust econometric methodology (generalized method of moments) and deal with potential endogeneity and an eventual causality problem. The authors also compute multiple metrics to measure the Chinese, US and Japanese FDIs in the real estate sector.

Findings

The study results report a positive significant impact of CH-HK FDIRE on APAC public real estate returns, while FDIRE originating from outside China are not significant. The authors also show that Chinese investors use the channel of FDIs in Diversified Listed Property Companies (LPCs) and Hotel and Family LPCs to gain exposure to the APAC real estate markets. The study results suggest that APAC property markets are mainly impacted and emphasize the importance of an intercontinental diversification strategy for investors in LPCs in the APAC region.

Practical implications

Contrary to Bond et al. (2003) who identified that APAC public real estate markets were overwhelmingly idiosyncratic in the decade preceding China's WTO membership (1990–2001), the study findings underline that Chinese FDIRE became a common factor affecting all eight markets in this study in the decade following the global financial crisis (2007–2017). The results emphasize the importance of an intercontinental diversification strategy for investors in LPCs in the APAC region.

Originality/value

The authors use a parsimonious model, introduce metrics to measure FDIRE and apply a panel VAR approach based on a robust econometric methodology to shed light on China's economic globalization strategy on Asia-Pacific public real estate markets after the GFC. The study results highlighting the major impact of CH-HK FDIRE on securitized real estate market returns dynamics, identify the existence of an Asian common factor driven by Chinese FDI inflows into neighbouring countries.
Description of crystal defect properties in BCC Cr with extended Finnis–Sinclair potential
Authors: Wei Limin , Zhou Fei , Wang Shuo , Hao Weixun , Liu Yong , Zhu Jingchuan
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose extended potentials and investigate the applicability of extended Finnis–Sinclair (FS) potential to Cr with the unit cell structure of body-centered cubic (BCC Cr).

Design/methodology/approach

The parameters of each potential are determined by fitting the elastic constants, cohesive energy and mono-vacancy formation energy. Furthermore, the ability of the extended FS potential to describe the crystal defect properties is tested. Finally, the applicability of reproducing the thermal properties of Cr is discussed.

Findings

The internal relationship between physical properties and potential function is revealed. The mathematical relationship between physical properties and potential function is derived in detail. The extended FS potential performs well in reproducing physical properties of BCC Cr, such as elastic constants, cohesive energy, surface energy and the properties of vacancy et al. Moreover, good agreement is obtained with the experimental data for predicting the melting point, specific heat and coefficient of thermal expansion.

Originality/value

In this study, new extended potentials are proposed. The extended FS potential is able to reproduce the physical and thermal properties of BCC Cr. Therefore, the new extended potential can be used to describe the crystal defect properties of BCC Cr.
The Most Beloved Cow in Gokulpur
Authors: Maitra Amrapali
Published: October 2022

During ethnographic fieldwork in West Bengal, India, I witnessed the comingling of disgust and desire in shaping religious identity, the effervescent force of crowds, and moments of ordinary ethics enacted through labor. This short story is set in a fictional town: Gokulpur is a microcosm of the tension between rural idiosyncrasies and urban aspirations in India, permeated by growing right‐wing Hindu sentiments. Through the evolving relationship between a boy and his family's revered cow, I explore what it means to navigate companionship, community, and everyday life in an increasingly politicized village—and the reverberations of our choices. The piece originates from a desire to inhabit unfamiliar perspectives through closely observed characters and scenes, testing the potential and limits of imaginative empathy as a tool for social understanding. This work of fiction engages with anthropological scholarship on cross‐species friendship, nonhuman agency, religious ritual, and the ethics of care. [fiction, religion, India, animals, agency, ethics of care]
Neutrophil β1 adrenoceptor blockade blunts stroke‐associated neuroinflammation
Authors: Clemente‐Moragón Agustín , Oliver Eduardo , Calle Daniel , Cussó Lorena , Gómez Mónica , Pradillo Jesús M. , Castejón Raquel , Rallón Norma , Benito José M. , Fernández‐Ferro José C. , Carneado‐Ruíz Joaquín , Moro María A. , Sánchez‐González Javier , Fuster Valentín , Cortés‐Canteli Marta , Desco Manuel , Ibáñez Borja
Published: October 2022

Background and Purpose

Reperfusion therapy is the standard of care for ischaemic stroke; however, there is a need to identify new therapeutic targets able to ameliorate cerebral damage. Neutrophil β1 adrenoceptors (β1AR) have been linked to neutrophil migration during exacerbated inflammation. Given the central role of neutrophils in cerebral damage during stroke, we hypothesize that β1AR blockade will improve stroke outcomes.

Experimental Approach

Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion–reperfusion to evaluate the effect on stroke of the selective β1AR blocker metoprolol (12.5 mg·kg−1) when injected i.v. 10 min before reperfusion.

Key Results

Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology analysis showed that pre‐reperfusion i.v. metoprolol reduced infarct size. This effect was accompanied by reduced cytotoxic oedema at 24 h and vasogenic oedema at 7 days. Metoprolol‐treated rats showed reduced brain neutrophil infiltration and those which infiltrated displayed a high proportion of anti‐inflammatory phenotype (N2, YM1+). Additional inflammatory models demonstrated that metoprolol specifically blocked neutrophil migration via β1AR and excluded a significant effect on the glia compartment. Consistently, metoprolol did not protect the brain in neutrophil‐depleted rats upon stroke. In patients suffering an ischaemic stroke, β1AR blockade by metoprolol reduced circulating neutrophil–platelet co‐aggregates.

Conclusions and Implications

Our findings describe that β1AR blockade ameliorates cerebral damage by targeting neutrophils, identifying a novel therapeutic target to improve outcomes in patients with stroke. This therapeutic strategy is in the earliest stages of the translational pathway and should be further explored.
Allergic diseases in India – Prevalence, risk factors and current challenges
Authors: Mahesh Padukudru Anand , Moitra Saibal , Mabalirajan Ulaganathan , Garg Mayank , Malamardi Sowmya , Vedanthan Pudupakkam K. , Christopher Devasahayam Jesudas , Agrawal Anurag , Krishna Mamidipudi Thirumala
Published: October 2022

Epidemiological studies have shown a rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases in India during the last two decades. However, recent evidence from the Global Asthma Network study has observed a decrease in allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis in children. Still, with a population over 1.3 billion, there is a huge burden of allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis, and this is compounded by an unmet demand for trained allergy specialists and poor health service framework. There is wide variation in the prevalence of allergic diseases between different geographical locations in India, and the reasons are unclear at present. This may at least in part be attributable to considerable heterogeneity in aero‐biology, weather, air pollution levels, cultural and religious factors, diet, socioeconomic strata and literacy. At present, factors enhancing risks and those protecting from development of atopy and allergic diseases have not been well delineated, although there is some evidence for the influence of genetic factors alongside cultural and environmental variables such as diet, exposure to tobacco smoke and air pollution and residence in urban areas. This narrative review provides an overview of data from India regarding epidemiology, risk factors and genetics and highlights gaps in evidence as well as areas for future research.
Central nervous system cavernous malformations: cross‐sectional study assessing rebleeding risk after a second haemorrhage
Authors: Santos Alejandro N. , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Gull Hanah Hadice , Olbrich Angelina , Lahl Kirstin , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Dinger Thiemo F. , Rieß Christoph , Chen Bixia , Lenkeit Annika , Schmidt Börge , Li Yan , Jabbarli Ramazan , Wrede Karsten H. , Sure Ulrich , Dammann Philipp
Published: October 2022

Background and purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the 5‐year risk of a third bleeding event in cavernous malformations (CMs) of the central nervous system.

Methods

Patients with cerebral or spinal CMs treated between 2003 and 2021 were screened using our institutional database. Patients with a complete magnetic resonance imaging dataset, clinical baseline characteristics, and history of two bleeding events were included. Patients who underwent surgical CM removal were excluded. Neurological functional status was obtained using the modified Rankin Scale score at the second and third bleeding. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the cumulative 5‐year risk for a third haemorrhage.

Results

Forty‐two patients were included. Cox regression analysis adjusted for age and sex did not identify risk factors for a third haemorrhage. 37% of patients experienced neurological deterioration after the third haemorrhage (p = 0.019). The cumulative 5‐year risk of a third bleeding was 66.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 50.4%–80%) for the whole cohort, 65.9% (95% CI 49.3%–79.5%) for patients with bleeding at initial diagnosis, 72.7% (95% CI 39.3%–92.7%) for patients with a developmental venous anomaly, 76.9% (95% CI 55.9%–90.3%) for patients with CM localization to the brainstem and 75% (95% CI 50.6%–90.4%) for patients suffering from familial CM disease.

Conclusions

During an untreated 5‐year follow‐up after a second haemorrhage, a significantly increased risk of a third haemorrhage compared to the known risk of a first and second bleeding event was identified. The third bleeding was significantly associated with neurological deterioration. These findings may justify a surgical treatment after a second bleeding event.
How much is soil nitrous oxide emission reduced with biochar application? An evaluation of meta‐analyses
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Kieffer Christina , Ren Wei , Hui Dafeng
Published: October 2022

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the third important long‐lived greenhouse gas next to carbon dioxide and methane and croplands are considered biogeochemical hotspots of soil N2O emissions. To reduce soil N2O and other greenhouse emissions, climate‐smart agricultural practices including biochar application have been applied. Many studies have been conducted with biochar application but results from these studies are not conclusive. To address this issue, meta‐analysis, a quantitative review that synthesizes results from multiple independent studies, has been widely used. The results from different meta‐analyses also differ but are seldomly evaluated. In this study, we evaluated meta‐analyses on the effects of biochar application on soil N2O emissions. A grand mean response ratio (RR) was further proposed to estimate an overall effect and the impacts of experiment setting, properties of biochar and soil, and agricultural practices. We found 18 meta‐analysis papers were published between 2014 and 2022. Sample size (publications or experiments) varied from less than 30 to more than 1000, with a mean sample size of 275. RR was calculated in all studies except one. While four meta‐analyses did not find a significant effect of biochar application on soil N2O emissions, all others reported reductions of soil N2O emissions, but the magnitude ranged from −10.5% to −54.8%. Synthesizing all results from these meta‐analyses, we found that biochar application overall significantly reduced the soil N2O emissions by 38.8%. The impacts increased with experimental duration till one and half years and reduced after that. Biochar application rate and C:N ratio had large influence on the effects of biochar application on soil N2O emissions. This study demonstrated that while meta‐analysis provides a more comprehensive and better estimation, the inconsistence among these studies may need to be further evaluated. A grand mean RR based on meta‐analyses could be more accurate and representative than single meta‐analysis.
The association of wound factors and symptoms of fatigue and pain with wound healing in chronic venous leg ulcers
Authors: Kim Junglyun , Stechmiller Joyce , Weaver Michael , Gibson Daniel J. , Horgas Ann , Kelly Debra L. , Lyon Debra E.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was: (1) to characterise the association of wound area, wound exudate C‐reactive protein (CRP), broad‐spectrum matrix metalloprotease protein (MMPs), and symptoms of fatigue and pain in individuals with chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLUs) over time and (2) to identify factors associated with the wound healing trajectory in CVLUs. Seventy four participants with CVLU who received weekly sharp debridement were recruited from a wound care clinic during the 8‐week study period. To examine associations among wound CRP, MMPs, pain, fatigue, and wound healing trajectory over time, we calculated Bayes factors (BF) based on a linear mixed model. The mean age of participants was 71.8 (SD = 9.8) and the mean wound area was 2278 mm2 (SD = 7085 mm2) at baseline. Higher fatigue was strongly associated with higher MMPs (BF = 9, 95% HDI: [−.05, .43]), lower CRP (BF = 11, 95% HDI: [−.02, .002]), and large areas of wound (BF = 20, 95% HDI: [−.001, .01]). Higher CRP and MMPs activity in wound exudate and higher fatigue were associated with a larger wound area. To facilitate wound healing, clinicians need to utilise the multifactorial approach, which includes wound treatment and management of symptoms such as pain and fatigue, because of the molecular and psycho‐behavioural factors involved in wound healing.
α‐Fetoprotein fragment synergizes with sorafenib to inhibit hepatoma cell growth and migration and promote the apoptosis
Authors: Wang Qiujiao , Li Wei , Zhang Minni , Zou Zijuan , Dong Xu , Chen Yi , Xu Junnv , Zhu Mingyue , Li Mengsen , Lin Bo
Published: October 2022

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by stimulating the proliferation, metastasis and drug resistance. The application of AFP fragments to inhibit the malignant behaviours induced by AFP is a new strategy for the treatment of HCC. In an effort to design, screen and discover drugs, we attempted to express different human AFP fragments (AFP220–609, AFP390–609 and AFP460–609) in a Bac‐to‐Bac system. We found that the AFP390–609 fragment was highly expressed in the system. Then, we assessed the bioactivity of the fragment in the human liver cancer cell line Bel7402, and the results indicated that the AFP fragment synergized with sorafenib to inhibit the hepatoma cell growth and migration and promote the apoptosis. This study provides a method to produce significant AFP fragments to screen AFP inhibitors for use in HCC therapy.