bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More than discipline: uncovering multi-dimensional patterns of variation in academic research articles
Authors: Gray Bethany
Published: November 2013

Research analysing linguistic variation in research articles (RAs) across academic disciplines typically employs a relatively coarse definition of RAs: any text published in an academic journal that reports on primary research. This definition assumes that articles within a single discipline which report on distinct research methodologies are similar linguistically. Yet little empirical work has investigated this assumption. This study uses multi-dimensional analysis to analyse variation in the use of seventy lexical and grammatical features in 270 research articles representing three sub-registers (theoretical, qualitative and quantitative research reports) in six disciplines (philosophy, history, applied linguistics, political science, biology and physics). The resulting dimensions of variation indicate that linguistic variation occurs along multiple parameters, not only across disciplinary lines. For example, variation also corresponds to the differing purposes and types of evidence associated with the three research paradigms. This article explores each of these complex patterns of variation to move towards a more comprehensive understanding of language use within and across disciplines, and considers the implications of these findings for future corpus-based analyses of disciplinary variation.
Revealing disciplinary variation in student writing: a multi-dimensional analysis of the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers (MICUSP)
Authors: Hardy Jack A. , Römer Ute
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this study was to uncover sets of co-occurring, lexico-grammatical features to help to characterise successful student writing. The writing was captured by the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers (MICUSP, 2009) and was taken from sixteen disciplines. MICUSP is a corpus of A-graded, upper-level student papers of different disciplines and paper types ( O'Donnell and Römer, 2012 ; and Römer and O'Donnell, 2011 ). Following Biber (1988) , we used a multi-dimensional analysis to identify dimensions of frequently co-occurring features that best account for cross-disciplinary variation in MICUSP. The four functional dimensions of MICUSP appear to distinguish between: (1) Involved, Academic Narrative versus Descriptive, Informational Discourse; (2) Expression of Opinions and Mental Processes; (3) Situation-Dependent, Non-Procedural Evaluation versus Procedural Discourse; and (4) Production of Possibility Statement and Argumentation. Along with a description of the methodology, this paper defines the features that constitute the factors, which have been labelled based on their communicative functions. Similarities and differences at the disciplinary and genre-specific levels are discussed as are the implications for discipline-specific and register-based pedagogies.
Qur'anic Exegesis in Niger: A Songhay-Zarma Oral Commentary on Sūrat al-Baqara
Authors: Hassane Moulaye
Published: November 2013

The city of Saayi (Say), Niger has played an important role in the regional development of Islam from the early nineteenth century onwards. This paper traces its history and the biography of the founder, using the available written and oral sources, while also describing its role as a contemporary religious centre. The Qur'an is commented on in local languages both in the context of traditional advanced religious education and in Ramaḍān. The intellectual sources, language and ritual dimensions of enunciation of these oral commentaries are analysed, as are the ceremonies specific to Ramaḍān. Although Say was founded by Fulfulde-speaking scholars, reflecting the general cultural and social evolution of the city and its area, for the past 50 years, the Qur'an commentary in the Friday mosque has been given in Songhay-Zarma. While these commentaries are essentially based on recognised Arabic ones, their language makes some reference to the images and concepts of local Songhay-Zarma culture. The linguistic features and substantive content of Songhay-Zarma oral tafsīr are illustrated by two excerpts, each presenting several verses of Sūrat al-Baqara: one is drawn from a full tafsīr collected in Say in 1968, at the initiative of the well-known statesman and man of letters Boubou Hama; the other was collected in the Zarma country in 1905–6.
La construction du château de Cormatin. Nouvelles approches sur l'historique des travaux, à propos de documents inédits relatifs à Guillaume Tabourot
Authors: Gulczynski Henri-Stéphane
Published: November 2013

At the outset, the work ordered by Antoine du Blé and his son Jacques conformed with a project inspired by the château d'Ecouen. Work began between 1607 and 1611 with the left wing and the two attendant pavillions. It continued around 1614 with the eastern enclosure, which was to include a drawbridge over the moat and a monumental doorway in the court, and for which Guillaume Tabourot, an amateur architect from Dijon, provided a composite model. Between 1615 and 1618, Jacques Gentillâtre built the northeast pavillion, the only part of the building that he reserved for himself. The wing at the end of the court (altered greatly in the nineteenth century) was undoubtedly built between 1618 and 1620, while most of the right wing, with its four-newel staircase and fore-structure, was realized between 1623 and 1625 under the direction of Jean Braconnier, a young mason called on to collaborate with Tabourot on the Hôpital général at Dijon from 1629 to 1644. The rôle of Braconnier must hâve been décisive because his work developed, like that of J. du Blé, in the entourage of the duke of Bellegarde, governor of Burgundy, and Marie de Medicis. This may well explain why the Porte O, the décoration anticipated for the old galery (on the first storey of the wing O), and the stairway reflect several borrowings from the château of Blérancourt and the Luxembourg palace, conceived by Salomon de Brosse, the architect of the queen mother.
Influence de la charpenterie et rôle des charpentiers dans l'architecture de pierre à la fin du Moyen Âge à Lyon
Authors: Reveyron Nicolas
Published: November 2013

La fin de l'époque gothique est, pour l'architecture, une période de création formelle aussi bien que technique. À Lyon, au XVe et au début du XVIe siècle, cette invention se caractérise, notamment, par un transfert de technologie de la charpenterie vers l'architectonique. Les architectes s'y sont particulièrement intéressés au Raisonnement hors-norme des éléments de construction en pierre, empruntant à l'art des charpentiers des solutions typées comme la double queue d'aronde, le dé carré, la clavette interne, le montage en mortaise et tenon trapézoïdal. Ce phénomène est remarquable à plus d'un titre. Tout d'abord, elle est assez bien datée et correspond, chronologiquement, à des tendances du même type observables dans d'autres aires géographiques. Ensuite, elle traduit le rôle important joué, à Lyon, par le corps des charpentiers dans la construction et dans l'aménagement urbain. Enfin, elle démontre l'orientation technologique prise par l'art de construire. Cet intérêt manifeste pour la recherche technique n'est pas l'apanage des architectes, mais prend une dimension culturelle. Il n'est pas non plus le propre de l'art gothique tardif ; il caractérise aussi l'esprit de la Renaisance : Philibert Delorme, d'origine lyonnaise, reprend à son compte la formule des dés carrés au château de Saint-Maur et la décrit précisément dans son traité. L'influence de la charpenterie sur l'architectonique à Lyon à la fin de l'époque gothique illustre donc la dimension novatrice d'un art de bâtir délibérément tourné vers l'avenir.
Le Château-Trompette de Bordeaux et son décor architectural
Authors: March Alexander
Published: November 2013

Rebuilt between 1653 and the mid 1680's under the successive direction of d'Argencourt, Poupart, Clerville and Vau- ban, the Château-Trompette at Bordeaux was given an exceptionally rieh décorative treatment : Claude Perrault described it as a « jewel ».

Architectural analysis shows that the moldings of the bastions and the curtains, and the double-ramp staircases, were probably unique in classical fortification, while the ornamentation of the three main gâtes and the barracks was carried out with particu- lar care.

The nature of the design begs the question of the factors what led to such décoration, which was essentially due to Louis Nicolas de Clerville, « commissaire général des fortifications », and his master of the works, Nicolas Desjardins. We shall there- fore examine the relationship between the two men and the link between military and civil architecture.
Ambient gold-catalyzed O-vinylation of cyclic 1,3-diketone: A vinyl ether synthesis
Authors: Xi Yumeng , Dong Boliang , Shi Xiaodong
Published: November 2013

Gold-catalyzed O-vinylation of cyclic 1,3-diketones has been achieved for the first time, which provides direct access to various vinyl ethers. A catalytic amount of copper triflate was identified as the significant additive in promoting this transformation. Both aromatic and aliphatic alkynes are suitable substrates with good to excellent yields.
The International Telematic University UNINETTUNO A Model of Cooperative & Work-Integrated Education through the New Technologies
Authors: Garito Maria Amata
Published: November 2013

Internet has completely changed the ways of producing and communicating knowledge. Today it is possible to attend University without any space or time limitation. The International Telematic University UNINETTUNO (UTIU) has been developing an organizational and psycho-pedagogical model and a technological structure, which, thanks to Internet, give everyone the possibility to attend the University anywhere in the world. Thanks to this model, UTIU has been committed in supporting the national socio-economic environment, through bilateral agreements and joint projects with trade unions and companies, in order to update and upgrade workersâ?? competences and to help them entering into the global markets. It is shown here the results of the outcomes deriving from an agreement signed with the Italian biggest telecommunication company: Telecom Italia. This agreement, which offers to Telecom Italiaâ??s employees the opportunity to enrol at UTIU degree programmes with the economic support of their employer, represents an innovative example of collaboration among a Company, a University and the Trade Unions, with the purpose of fostering human resourcesâ?? training and professionalization. The agreement derives from Telecom Italiaâ??s need for training its personnel. Thus, with the aim of improving their competences, Telecom Italia has counted on the innovative technologies provided by distance learning, acknowledging UTIUâ??s psycho-pedagogical model as the best solution available. As an innovative element, for the first time in the negotiation history the Trade Unions and a Company has agreed on the possibility for the employees to enrol for a degree programme, thus improving their social and cultural status.
A Replay Approach for Remote Testing User Experience of Mobile Bursty Data Application
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Ping , Liu Fuqiang , Wang Chao , Zhou Haibo , Pu Lijun , Xiong Jiping , Van Nguyen Ngoc
Published: November 2013

â??The Bursty data applications become popular in

mobile networks, and the quality of end user experience of

these applications is vital for mobile telecom operators.

Mobile telecom operators and equipment providers begin to

design new scheduling strategies aiming at improving

quality of user experience. These scheduling strategies can

identify particular applications and assign corresponding

scheme to them. But traditional test approaches only

consider the common performance indicators, so they

cannot evaluate the new scheduling strategies. This paper

proposes an approach of replaying user behaviors to

evaluate the communication system. The approach uses user

behavior model to build test scenarios, and evaluate the

performance of each application via corresponding

particular indicators. Finally, a remote test system is built,

and the experiment on this system proves the effectiveness

of this approach
Dynamic Analysis of Test Frame of Railway Subgrade Dynamic Response Test System
Authors: Liangcai Zeng , Zheng Feilong , Zhang Anyu , Kai Gangsheng
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we take the railway subgrade

dynamic response test system as the study object, the

laboratory test reaction frameâ??s model factors were

analyzed through the finite element analysis software

MSC.Patran/Nastran. The former six-order original

frequencies and vibration modes of the frame were

caculated and evaluated in detail. Then we studied its

transient response under two working conditions: when itâ??s

fully loaded and suddenly unloaded, and the deformation

displacement curves of the key points of the frame were

obtained. These results provide a basis for the detailed study

to the mechanical behavior of the frame and setting the

proper working frequencies of the hydraulic servo

excitation cylinder to avoid the resonance.
On Researching the Vehicle Monitoring Platform Based on Spatio-Temporal Indexing Mechanism
Authors: Zhan Shaobin , Liang Yongsheng
Published: November 2013

Itâ??s the research hotspots that Spatio-Temporal

Indexing Mechanism(STIM) in GIS, especially in vehicles

monitoring and scheduling field. Then, itâ??s more important

how to unite the time and space information, improve the

query efficiency. At the beginning of design system,

constructing Floating Model Indexing Mechanism(FMIM).

It established a three-layers of data query structure, which

can guarantee the effective Spatio-Temporal combination.

According running track of vehicles, vehicle and operation

is proposed based on t-Time Dual-mode Index Mechanism

and T-Period Vehicle Monitoring Index Mechanism. The

related technical has been commercialized, it can efficiently

improve query efficiency. The regulatory platform running

well.
Data Interface Design of Digital City Management System
Authors: Yang Changhui
Published: November 2013

It is just because of the application of information technology that improve the level and efficiency of city management as well as the management quality of government public service. In this paper, the general structure of city management system and its subsystems have been analyzed, and then discusses how to design the data interface between the related subsystem of digital city management system, it will ensure the expedite transfer between the related subsystem, and offer the timely and exact data for city managers, that will be benefit to advance decision-making and quick response of emergency for city managers.
Enterprises as Complex Systems
Authors: Kandjani Hadi , Bernus Peter , Wen Lian
Published: November 2013

The concept of self-evolving/self-designing systems is defined using the notion of life cycle relationships. The authors propose that to design complex enterprises as systems of systems on each level of hierarchy one should maintain a self-designing property, that is, the designers should be part of the system. It is explained that by so distributing the design authority, under certain circumstances the “apparent complexity” of the system visible to any one designer can be reduced. To ensure the success of organised self-design, the approach uses their extension of Suh's axiomatic design theory with the “axiom of recursion.” The authors quantitatively demonstrate through two examples the benefits of applying these design axioms in enterprise engineering to reduce the complexity of a system of interest, as well as the complexity of a system which designs the system of interest.
Complex Adaptive Systems Thinking Approach to Enterprise Architecture
Authors: Rabaey Marc
Published: November 2013

Complex systems interact with an environment where a high degree of uncertainty exists. To reduce uncertainty, enterprises (should) create intelligence. This chapter shows that intelligence has two purposes: first, to increase and to assess (thus to correct) existing knowledge, and second, to support decision making by reducing uncertainty. The chapter discusses complex adaptive systems. Enterprises are not only complex systems; they are also most of the time dynamic because they have to adapt their goals, means, and structure to survive in the fast evolving (and thus unstable) environment. Crucial for enterprises is to know the context/ecology in which they act and operate. The Cynefin framework makes the organization and/or its parts aware of the possible contexts of the organization and/or its parts: simple, complicated, complex, chaotic, or disordered. It is crucial for the success of implementing and using EA that EA is adapted to function in an environment of perpetual change. To realize this, the chapter proposes and elaborates a new concept of EA, namely Complex Adaptive Systems Thinking – Enterprise Architecture (CAST-EA).
A Systemic View on Enterprise Architecture Management
Authors: Buckl Sabine , Schweda Christian M.
Published: November 2013

Multiple approaches for Enterprise Architecture (EA) management are discussed in literature, many of them differing regarding the understanding of the EA as well as of the performed management activities. Applying a cybernetic point of view, the differences between these approaches can be mitigated, a more embracing perspective can be established, and fields for future research that lack support in current EA management approaches can be identified. In this work, the authors apply the Viable System Model (VSM) as reference for elaborating an overarching conceptualization of the EA management function. In comparison to the VSM reference, they discover that system five of the VSM—the identity system—is underrepresented in prevalent EA management approaches. Using a building block-based approach that makes reuse of existing best practices for EA management, the authors outline a development method that addresses the challenge of identity of an EA management function by enabling an organization-specific design thereof. The development method can be used to govern the EA management function by providing means and techniques to configure and adapt, that is, to design and to re-design an EA management function tailored to the specific situation of an organization.
Competitive Pattern-Based Strategies under Complexity
Authors: Ertek Gürdal , Kasap Nihat , Tokman Selin , Bilgin Özcan , İnanoğlu Mert
Published: November 2013

This chapter augments current Enterprise Architecture (EA) frameworks to become pattern-based. The main motivation behind pattern-based EA is the support for strategic decisions based on the patterns prioritized in a country or industry. Thus, to validate the need for pattern-based EA, it is essential to show how different patterns gain priority under different contexts, such as industries. To this end, this chapter also reveals the value of alternative managerial strategies across different industries and business functions in a specific market, namely Turkey. Value perceptions for alternative managerial strategies were collected via survey, and the values for strategies were analyzed through the rigorous application of statistical techniques. Then, evidence was searched and obtained from business literature that support or refute the statistically supported hypothesis. The results obtained through statistical analysis are typically confirmed with reports of real world cases in the business literature. Results suggest that Turkish firms differ significantly in the way they value different managerial strategies. There also exist differences based on industries and business functions. The study provides guidelines to managers in Turkey, an emerging country, on which strategies are valued most in their industries. This way, managers can have a better understanding of their competitors and business environment and can develop the appropriate pattern-based EA to cope with complexity and succeed in the market.
Sustainability
Authors: Bonadiman Renato
Published: November 2013

During the first Kyoto Protocol period (2008-2012) the carbon market evolved globally as well as Brazil. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, which promote technology substitution in order to obtain “cleaner” processes, had an expressive participation. Within this scenario, Brazil and mainly China applied a considerable number of projects. However, in the case of REDD (Reduction from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and REDD+, the complexity of discussions regarding legal issues, carbon reduction/mitigation methodologies, complexity around methodologies, resources distribution, costs, etc., associated with the world economic crisis, slowed down this process. Reflection of that can be seen through the carbon allowance price deterioration resulting in the prediction of retraction in the 2012 market size. In this sense, the scenario after the first period of the Kyoto’s Protocol, presents many challenges, but also presents opportunities. Legislations are emerging from different parts of the globe and also in Brazil. They indicate the nucleation of future obligations around the control and reduction of GHG emissions. Also, efforts to increase carbon allowances quotations are also being planned. Bilateral agreements are emerging being bottom-up alternatives for a global carbon commercialization scheme. On top of these actions an agreement to the creation of a billionaire fund until 2020 create great expectations around the development and growth of the carbon markets presenting the sustainability issue as an unquestionable trend to the upcoming years.
Has Gender Equity Improved?
Authors: Skiba Michaeline , Paul David P.
Published: November 2013

This paper looks at contemporary developments and some of the social and political phenomena that have affected the status of the gap in compensation between women and men generally, and in the fields of law and healthcare specifically. It examines not only progress to date, but also how this progress has been obtained and, based on both domestic and international experiences, provides recommendations for the future.
Acute Interstitial Nephritis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: Sathick Insara Jaffer , Zand Ladan , Kamal Afrin N. , Norby Suzanne M. , Garovic Vesna D.
Published: November 2013

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is an important and common cause of acute kidney injury, particularly in hospitalized patients. The classic presentation of AIN includes fever, rash, arthralgias, eosinophilia, and acute kidney injury. While renal biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, the clinical presentation of fever and rash along with laboratory evidence of peripheral blood eosinophilia, eosinophiluria, and low-grade proteinuria strongly suggest the diagnosis. Histologically, interstitial inflammation with interstitial edema and tubulitis is the hallmark of interstitial nephritis. The most common causative factors are drugs, infections, and certain immune-mediated disorders. Discontinuation of the offending agent is considered the mainstay of therapy while the use of corticosteroids to hasten renal recovery may be beneficial. The role of interstitial nephritis in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease is increasingly recognized, further emphasizing the importance of its early diagnosis and timely treatment.
Animal Models Utilized in HTLV-1 Research
Authors: Panfil Amanda R. , Al-Saleem Jacob J. , Green Patrick L.
Published: November 2013

Since the isolation and discovery of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) over 30 years ago, researchers have utilized animal models to study HTLV-1 transmission, viral persistence, virus-elicited immune responses, and HTLV-1-associated disease development (ATL, HAM/TSP). Non-human primates, rabbits, rats, and mice have all been used to help understand HTLV-1 biology and disease progression. Non-human primates offer a model system that is phylogenetically similar to humans for examining viral persistence. Viral transmission, persistence, and immune responses have been widely studied using New Zealand White rabbits. The advent of molecular clones of HTLV-1 has offered the opportunity to assess the importance of various viral genes in rabbits, non-human primates, and mice. Additionally, over-expression of viral genes using transgenic mice has helped uncover the importance of Tax and Hbz in the induction of lymphoma and other lymphocyte-mediated diseases. HTLV-1 inoculation of certain strains of rats results in histopathological features and clinical symptoms similar to that of humans with HAM/TSP. Transplantation of certain types of ATL cell lines in immunocompromised mice results in lymphoma. Recently, “humanized” mice have been used to model ATL development for the first time. Not all HTLV-1 animal models develop disease and those that do vary in consistency depending on the type of monkey, strain of rat, or even type of ATL cell line used. However, the progress made using animal models cannot be understated as it has led to insights into the mechanisms regulating viral replication, viral persistence, disease development, and, most importantly, model systems to test disease treatments.
Factorisation of Two-variablep-adicL-functions
Authors: Lei Antonio
Published: November 2013

Letfbe a modular form that is non-ordinary atp. Loeffler has recently constructed four two-variablep-adicL-functions associated withf. In the case whereap= 0, he showed that, as in the one-variable case, Pollack’s plus and minus splitting applies to these new objects. In this article, we show that such a splitting can be generalised to the case whereap≠ 0 using Sprung’s logarithmic matrix.
In situ detection of electrified aerosols in the upper troposphere and stratosphere
Authors: Renard J.-B. , Tripathi S. N. , Michael M. , Rawal A. , Berthet G. , Fullekrug M. , Harrison R. G. , Robert C. , Tagger M. , Gaubicher B.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Electrified aerosols have been observed in the lower troposphere and in the mesosphere, but have never been detected in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. We present measurements of aerosols obtained during a balloon flight to an altitude of ~ 24 km. The measurements were performed with an improved version of the Stratospheric and Tropospheric Aerosol Counter (STAC) aerosol counter dedicated to the search for charged aerosols. It is found that most of the aerosols are charged in the upper troposphere for altitudes below 10 km and in the stratosphere for altitudes above 20 km. Conversely, the aerosols seem to be uncharged between 10 km and 20 km. Model calculations are used to quantify the electrification of the aerosols with a stratospheric aerosol-ion model. The percentages of charged aerosols obtained with model calculations are in excellent agreement with the observations below 10 km and above 20 km. However, the model cannot reproduce the absence of electrification found in the lower stratosphere, as the processes leading to neutralisation in this altitude range are unknown. The presence of sporadic transient layers of electrified aerosol in the upper troposphere and in the stratosphere could have significant implications for sprite formation.
Mapping of the quasi-periodic oscillations at the flank magnetopause into the ionosphere
Authors: Dougal E. R. , Nykyri K. , Moore T. W.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. We have estimated the ionospheric location, area, and travel time of quasi-periodic oscillations originating from the magnetospheric flanks. This was accomplished by utilizing global and local MHD models and Tsyganenko semi-empirical magnetic field model on multiple published and four new cases believed to be caused by the Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability. Finally, we used auroral, magnetometer, and radar instruments to observe the ionospheric signatures. The ionospheric magnetic latitude determined using global MHD and Tsyganenko models ranged from 58.3–80.2 degrees in the Northern Hemisphere and −59.6 degrees to −83.4 degrees in the Southern Hemisphere. The ionospheric magnetic local time ranged between 5.0–13.8 h in the Northern Hemisphere and 1.3–11.9 h in the Southern Hemisphere. Typical Alfvén wave travel time from spacecraft location to the closest ionosphere ranged between 0.6–3.6 min. The projected ionospheric size calculated at an altitude of 100 km ranged from 47–606 km, the same order of magnitude as previously determined ionospheric signature sizes. Stationary and traveling convection vortices were observed in SuperDARN radar data in both hemispheres. The vortices were between 1000–1800 km in size. Some events were located within the ionospheric footprint ranges. Pc5 magnetic oscillations were observed in SuperMAG magnetometer data in both hemispheres. The oscillations had periods between 4–10 min with amplitudes of 3–25 nT. They were located within the ionospheric footprint ranges. Some ground magnetometer data power spectral density peaked at frequencies within one tenth of a mHz of the peaks found in the corresponding Cluster data. These magnetometer observations were consistent with previously published results.
A novel reflectance-based model for evaluating chlorophyll concentration of fresh and water-stressed leaves
Authors: Lin C. , Popescu S. C. , Huang S. C. , Chen Y. C. , Chang P. T. , Wen H. L.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Water deficit can cause chlorophyll degradation which decreases foliar chlorophyll concentration (Chls). Few studies investigated the effectiveness of spectral indices under water stress conditions. Chlorophyll meters have been extensively used for a wide variety of leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen estimations. Since a chlorophyll meter works based on the sensing of leaves absorptance and transmittance, the reading of chlorophyll concentration will be affected by changes in transmittance as if there is a water deficit in leaves. The overall objective of this paper was to develop a novel and reliable reflectance-based model for estimating Chls of fresh and water stressed leaves using the reflectance at the absorption bands of chlorophyll a and b and the red edge spectrum. Three independent experiments were designed to collect data from three leaf sample sets for the construction and validation of Chls estimation models. First, a reflectance experiment was conducted to collect foliar Chls and reflectance of leaves with varying water stress using the ASD FieldSpec spectroradiometer. Second, a chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502) experiment was carried out to collect foliar Chls and meter reading. These two datasets were separately used for developing reflectance-based or absorptance-based Chls estimation models using linear and nonlinear regression analysis. Suitable models were suggested mainly based on the coefficient of determination (R2). Finally, an experiment was conducted to collect the third dataset for the validation of Chls models using the root mean squared error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE). In all of the experiments, the observations (real values) of the foliar Chls were extracted from acetone solution and determined by using a Hitachi U-2000 spectrophotometer. The spectral indices in the form of reflectance ratio/difference/slope derived from the chlb absorption bands (ρ645 and ρ455) provided Chls estimates with RMSE around 0.40–0.55 mg g–1 for both fresh and water-stressed samples. We improved Chls prediction accuracy by incorporating the reflectance at red edge position (ρREP) in regression models. An effective chlorophyll indicator with the form of (ρ645–ρ455) / ρREP proved to be the most accurate and stable predictor for foliar Chls concentration. This model was derived with an R2 of 0.90 (P < 0.01) from the training samples and evaluated with RMSE 0.35 and 0.38 mg g–1 for the validation samples of fresh and water stressed leaves, respectively. The average prediction error was within 14% of the mean absolute error.
Assessment of calculation methods for calcium carbonate saturation in drinking water for DIN 38404-10 compliance
Authors: de Moel P. J. , van der Helm A. W. C. , van Rijn M. , van Dijk J. C. , van der Meer W. G. J.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. The new German standard on the calculation of calcite saturation in drinking water, DIN 38404-10, 2012 (DIN), marks a change in drinking water standardization from using simplified equations applicable for nomographs and simple calculators to using extensive chemical modeling requiring computer programs. The standard outlines the chemical modeling and presents a dataset with 10 water samples for validating used computer programs. The DIN standard, as well as the Standard Methods 2330 (SM) and NEN 6533 (NEN) for calculation of calcium carbonate saturation in drinking water were translated into chemical databases for use in PHREEQC (USGS, 2013). This novel approach gave the possibility to compare the calculations as defined in the standards with calculations using widely used chemical databases provided with PHREEQC. From this research it is concluded that the computer program PHREEQC with the developed chemical database din38404-10_2012.dat complies with the DIN standard for calculating Saturation Index (SI) and Calcite Dissolution Capacity (Calcitlösekapazität) or Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Potential (CCPP). This compliance is achieved by assuming equal values for molarity as used in DIN (obsolete) and molality as used in PHREEQC. From comparison with widely used chemical databases it is concluded that the use of molarity limits the use of DIN to a maximum temperature of 45 °C. For current practical applications in water treatment and drinking water applications, the PHREEQC database stimela.dat was developed within the Stimela platform of Delft University of Technology. This database is an extension of the chemical database phreeqc.dat and thus in compliance with SM. The database stimela.dat is also applicable for hot and boiling water, which is important in drinking water supply with regard to scaling of calcium carbonate in in-house drinking water practices. SM and NEN proved to be not accurate enough to comply with DIN, because of their simplifications. The differences in calculation results for DIN, SM and NEN illustrate the need for international unification of the standard for calcium carbonate saturation in drinking water.
Spectral analysis for wide energy channels
Authors: Kronberg E. A. , Daly P. W.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. For energetic particle measurements whose spectra follow a power law, it is often challenging to define a characteristic ("effective") energy of an energy channel. In order to avoid time-consuming calculations, the geometric mean is often used as an approximation for the effective energy. This approximation is considered to be pretty good. It is, however, potentially inadequate in cases with wide energy channels and soft spectral slopes. In order to determine the limits of the goodness of the approximation, we derive formulas to calculate the deviation of the effective energy, phase space density and energy density based on the geometric-mean approximation from those based on the power law. The results show that the geometric-mean approximation is usually adequate and that corrections are needed only in extraordinary cases.
Evaluating topographic wetness indices across central New York agricultural landscapes
Authors: Buchanan B. P. , Fleming M. , Schneider R. L. , Richards B. K. , Archibald J. , Qiu Z. , Walter M. T.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Accurately predicting soil moisture patterns in the landscape is a persistent challenge. In humid regions, topographic wetness indices (TWI) are widely used to approximate relative soil moisture patterns. However, there are many ways to calculate TWIs and very few field studies have evaluated the different approaches in the US. We calculated TWIs using over 400 unique formulations that considered different: Digital Elevation Model (DEM) resolution (cell size), vertical precision of DEM, flow direction and slope algorithms, smoothing via low-pass filtering, and the inclusion of relevant soil properties. We correlated each TWI with observed patterns of soil moisture at five agricultural fields in central NY, USA; each field was visited 5–8 times between August and November 2012. Using a mixed effects modeling approach, we were able to identify optimal TWI formulations that may provide guidance for practitioners and future studies. Overall, TWIs were moderately well correlated with observed soil moisture patterns; in the best case the relationship between TWI and soil moisture had an average R2 and Spearman correlation value of 0.61 and 0.78, respectively. In all cases, fine-scale (3 m) LiDAR-derived DEMs worked better than USGS 10 m DEMs and, in general, including soil properties improved the correlations.
Using Put Option–based DLOM Models to Estimate Discounts for Lack of Marketability
Authors: Finnerty John D.
Published: November 2013

A recent article in BVR by Ashok Abbott (Abbott 2009) offers a novel interpretation of two alternative put option–based models for calculating a discount for lack of marketability (DLOM), a lookback put option model and an average-strike put option model, and compares them to the familiar Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) put option model. Abbott proposes an adjustment to “correct” the overstated discounts that supposedly occur when these models are used to calculate a DLOM. This article takes issue with Abbott's DLOM interpretation and argues against making the adjustment he recommends.
Jan Křeček: Politická komunikace. Od res publica po public relations
Authors: Smolík Josef
Published: November 2013

Knižní recenze
Ekonomické hlasování a odpovědnost vládních stran ve střední Evropě
Authors: Svačinová Petra
Published: November 2013

The article presents economic voting theory and its application to the study of electoral behaviour in four Central European countries. The theoretical part describes the reward-punishment model of economic voting and its predictions for electoral behaviour in countries with coalition governance and in internationally open economies during the global economic crisis. The analytical part investigates the existence and features of economic voting (as a P-function) in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Hypotheses about the existence of economic voting in these countries, the higher economic accountability of more responsible coalition partners, and the lower level of economic voting under the perceived influence of the EU on the domestic economy are tested using OLS and binary logistic analysis of European Election Study data (2004 and 2009). As the results show, economic voting was only detected in Hungary (2004 and 2009) and Slovakia (2004). The analysis indicates that, in general, almost all Prime ministers’ parties bear a greater degree of economic accountability; meanwhile, perceptions of EU economic responsibility had no influence on the popularity of government parties in 2009.
THE ENGLISH -ING PARTICIPIAL ADJUNCTS IN FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE WRITTEN DISCOURSE
Authors: Krave Maria Filiouchkina
Published: November 2013

The study reported on in this article shows that the -ing participial adjuncts are used differently by native speakers of English depending on the genre they occur in. A comparison of data from written re-narrations of a film with the data from argumentative essays shows that these constructions are more frequent in narrative texts. The -ing participial adjuncts are typically used to express temporal succession (e.g. Anteriority) in narrative texts, whereas Means is the most frequent function of these constructions in argumentative essays. The native speaker data is then compared to that of Norwegian learners of English. The non-native-like patterns in the L2 data are attributed to L1 transfer and lack of knowledge about the genre-specific uses of the -ing clauses.
ON THE PRESENTATIONAL CAPACITY OF THETIC-LIKE SENTENCES
Authors: Adam Martin
Published: November 2013

Within the Firbasian framework of the theory of FSP, sentences are understood to implement either the Presentation Scale or the Quality Scale; the author’s research into the area of FSP has recently dealt with the role of the English verb operating in Presentation Scale sentences (Pr-sentences) (Adam 2011, 2012; cf. 2009). In addition to the existential there-construction, it is the configuration of the rhematic subject in preverbal position that seems to convey existence/appearance on the scene most frequently in English (A cruel smile hovered over her face). The present corpus-based paper proposes to shed light on the structure and the function of a rather specific type of Pr-sentences patterning as relatively short structures with a tentatively context-independent subject (The potatoes are boiling). Such sentences functionally resemble statements that came to be labelled as “thetic” or sometimes “all-new sentences” (Mathesius 1975: 87, Firbas 1992: 86-87, cf. Kuroda 1972, Lewis 2001). The point is that even though from the static point of view (i.e. that of lexical semantics) such sentences do not suggest the characteristic of appearance/existence, they do not appear to be excluded from expressing presentation on the scene.
A regressão do desenvolvimento no autismo: pesquisa e questões conceituais
Authors: Lampreia Carolina
Published: November 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X10071O tema da regressão do desenvolvimento no autismo tem ganhado importância e um número crescente de pesquisas têm sido realizadas nos últimos anos. É um tema relevante por indicar que não há uma forma única de surgimento do autismo. Contudo, o próprio fenômeno e o próprio conceito de regressão têm sido alvo de debates: não há consenso sobre a existência da regressão, assim como não há consenso sobre sua definição. O objetivo do presente artigo foi fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre pesquisas na área e introduzir algumas questões conceituais sobre sua existência e sua definição.
Formação de professores em comunicação alternativa para crianças com TEA: contextos em ação
Authors: Passerino Liliana Maria , Bez Maria Rosangela , Vicari Rosa Maria
Published: November 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X10475O presente artigo apresenta um recorte do projeto de pesquisa SCALA – Sistema de Comunicação Alternativa para Letramento de crianças com Autismo. Nele, discutimos um aspecto importante no que se refere  à formação de professores para atuarem junto a sujeitos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) não oralizados, no  seu desenvolvimento sócio-cognitivo. A partir de uma visão geral da área de conhecimento denominada de Comunicação Alternativa  discute-se sua a inserção no espaço educativo para utilização com sujeitos com TEA.  Aborda a questão da formação específica de professores  trazendo para discussão aspectos vinculados com a atual politica governamental na questão de formação de professores. Na sequencia propõe-se uma abordagem sócio-histórica e cultural deste processo, a partir de contextos de ação visando uma reorganização das relações do sujeito com o mundo, e não apenas na ampliação, complementação ou suplementação das funcionalidades de comunicação do sujeito com TEA não oralizado.  Finalmente a partir do panorama traçado apresentam-se resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida pelo  grupo de pesquisa TEIAS – Tecnologia na Educação para Inclusão e Aprendizagem em Sociedade da UFRGS no âmbito do projeto SCALA. São analisadas  duas propostas de formação desenvolvidas numa visão integradora que se sintetiza em três movimentos inter-relacionados: problematização do fazer enquanto a ação pedagógica; pensamento em ação; e análise critica enquanto ação reflexiva.
Um contexto em transformação político- pedagógico: a articulação entre uma escola regular e um centro de atendimento educacional especializado
Authors: Delpretto Bárbara Martins de Lima , Santos Bianca Campos Carlos dos
Published: November 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X4595Partindo do pressuposto que as instituições regulares e centros de AEE-atendimento educacional especializado atuam na oferta obrigatória de serviços e recursos voltados para os alunos com deficiência, ambas devem estabelecer uma juntura capaz de favorecer o processo de escolarização desses alunos (MEC, 2008, 2009, 2010). Sendo assim, este artigo tem por objetivo relatar uma investigação sobre a articulação entre uma escola regular de ensino com matrícula de alunos com deficiência na educação básica e uma instituição conveniada para a oferta do serviço do AEE, compreendendo o papel de cada profissional na escolarização do aluno com deficiência na cidade de São Carlos (SP). A metodologia é a de estudo de caso com utilização de questionário semi estruturado (GIL, 1999). A partir das conclusões prévias observadas, compreende-se que as propostas de ambas as instituições são coesas à gestão organizacional adotada por cada uma. No entanto, no que tange a execução de projetos que requeiram comunicação extra institucional, vemos que estes não têm sido executados de forma efetiva às especificidades do aluno, de maneira que potencialize suas capacidades.
Professor de Educação Especial e as Dificuldades no Início da Prática Profissional
Authors: Marquezine Maria Cristina , Leonessa Viviane Tramontina , Busto Rosângela Marques
Published: November 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X6714Após um amplo estudo sobre o que estava acontecendo nacionalmente sobre a formação de professores em Educação Especial, verificou-se a necessidade de reformular o Curso de Especialização em Educação Especial da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Para que a reformulação do curso fosse baseada em dados científicos e influenciada pela percepção dos egressos sobre a formação recebida e também sobre as novas necessidades e cobranças do mercado de trabalho, o presente estudo objetivou identificar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos professores de Educação Especial no início da profissão, com vistas a futuras alterações dos currículos dos cursos de formação de professor. Como participantes, foram entrevistados 50 professores de Londrina-PR, egressos do Curso de Especialização em Educação Especial da UEL. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um roteiro semiestruturado para a realização das entrevistas de coleta de dados e uma ficha de avaliação da categorização das falas, cuja finalidade foi calcular o índice de fidedignidade das categorias elaboradas e a distribuição das falas. Após as sessões de coleta de dados, as entrevistas foram transcritas e revisadas. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Verificou-se que as principais dificuldades enfrentadas foram o manuseio de comportamento, a comunicação e a falta de conhecimento e suporte pedagógico. Assim, compreendeu-se a necessidade de trabalhar tais dificuldades na academia e favorecer o aumento de publicações de cunho científico sobre atividades pedagógicas inclusivas.
Relatos de pais de crianças com autismo sobre a rede de apoio formal: aspectos da elaboração parental do diagnóstico
Authors: Semensato Márcia Rejane , Bosa Cleonice Alves
Published: November 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X9687Esse artigo apresenta evidências sobre aspectos que participam da elaboração parental do diagnóstico de autismo, especialmente sobre a rede de apoio. Esta rede tende a ser considerada no relato dos pais como essencial na reestruturação familiar, e é representada principalmente pelos profissionais e serviços de saúde. Acredita-se que estas crenças são determinantes na forma que os pais lidam com o diagnóstico e nas escolhas que fazem para o filho e para a família, como por exemplo, escolas e intervenções clínicas. Assim sendo, realizou-se uma Análise de Conteúdo em seis entrevistas de pais de crianças que tiveram diagnóstico de autismo. Estas entrevistas exploravam a história familiar destes casais e sua vivência desde o diagnóstico do filho. Os resultados apresentam as crenças parentais relacionadas ao senso de amparo ou desamparo na relação com os profissionais e serviços envolvidos no atendimento ao filho, desde a avaliação até a comunicação do diagnóstico e intervenções. Esses resultados evidenciaram que a relação com os profissionais pode ser vista como uma aliança ou como fonte de estresse.