bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can There Be a Recovery-Oriented Diagnostic Practice?
Authors: Pavlo Anthony J. , Flanagan Elizabeth H. , Leitner Larry M. , Davidson Larry
Published: August 2018

Despite the prevalence of the DSM in mental health practice, research, and the public imagination, it remains the target of criticism. With the publication of another volume in the DSM series, we have seen increased dialogue regarding the necessity of viable alternatives that do not succumb to the pitfalls of a descriptive diagnostic system. In this article, we explore a framework for a recovery-oriented and person-centered diagnostic practice along with an example based in Experiential Constructivism. We discuss 10 principles of a recovery-oriented approach founded on our requirements that diagnosis should be collaborative, future-oriented, and facilitative of meaning making. We argue for diagnosis that goes beyond labeling people’s mental health conditions, enhances provider–consumer relationships, and supports recovery-oriented practices. We then provide one example of this approach from a study that explored client and therapist understandings of DSM and Experiential Constructivist diagnoses. We conclude by briefly discussing the implications of developing and applying new diagnostic practices in mental health care, specifically the practices that would also need to be in place to sustain any alternative diagnostic approach to the DSM.
Makoti and Mamazala: dynamics of the relationship between mothers- and daughters-in-law within a South African context
Authors: Nganase Tebogo R , Basson Wilna J
Published: August 2018

The study explored the relationship between black mothers- and daughters-in-law in Pretoria North, South Africa. The theoretical paradigm of the family systems theory provides a perspective on the dynamics of the mother- and daughter-in-law relationship. A qualitative approach allowed the researcher to obtain rich data from in-depth interviews with 20 mothers-in-law and 20 daughters-in-law who had been in a mother-daughter-in-law relationship for at least 6 months. Phenomenology was also used as a design that guided the research process to allow participants to express the meanings that they had attached to their own experiences of the relationship. From the analysis, six major themes emerged regarding the dynamics that influence the mother-daughter-in-law relationship. These themes included the quality of mother-daughter-in-law relationship, first meeting, expectations, importance of having a good relationship, roles of the makoti and mamazala, as well as reflections on the mother-daughter-in-law relationship. The results of the study indicated that both mothers- and daughters-in-law perceive that it is important to have a good relationship with each other for the smooth continuity of the family. Furthermore, the results of this study highlighted the complicated family systems that exist within the in-law relationships among modern black South African families.
Children of Incarcerated Parents: Developmental Trajectories of Externalizing Behavior Across Adolescence
Authors: Kjellstrand Jean , Yu Gary , Eddy J. Mark , Martinez Charles R.
Published: August 2018

Growth mixture modeling was used to identify distinct trajectories of externalizing behavior for youth ( N = 647) across the period 10 to 16 years of age. Four trajectory classes were identified: Low-Stable, Mid-Increasing, Borderline-Stable, and Chronic-High. Relations of the identified trajectories with parental incarceration, parent–child relationships, trauma, and parenting as well as future substance use and criminality were then examined. Children of incarcerated parents were underrepresented in the Low-Stable trajectory and overrepresented in the Mid-Increasing group. However, nearly 60% of the children of incarcerated parents were best represented by the low-risk trajectory. The trajectory classes differed significantly on many of the preadolescent measures, such as parent–child relationships and trauma, as well as on adolescent delinquency, adult criminality, and substance use. The Mid-Increasing, Borderline-Stable, and Chronic-High trajectory groups showed significantly higher levels of early risk factors and problematic outcomes than the Low-Stable trajectory group. Implications for practice are discussed.
Intersectional Escape: Older Women Elude Agentic Prescriptions More Than Older Men
Authors: Martin Ashley E. , North Michael S. , Phillips Katherine W.
Published: August 2018

Both older individuals and women are proscribed from engaging in power-related behaviors, with women proscribed from behaving agentically and older individuals expected to cede desirable resources through “Succession.” However, little is known about whether these overlapping agency prescriptions equally target men and women across the lifespan. In seven studies, we find that older men face the strongest prescriptions to behave less agentically and cede resources, whereas older women are comparatively spared. We show that agency prescriptions more strongly target older men, compared to older women (Studies 1a, 1b, 2) and their younger counterparts (Studies 3 and 4) and examine social and economic consequences for agentic behavior in political, economic, and academic domains. We also find that older men garner more extreme (i.e., polarized) reactions due to their greater perceived resource threat (Studies 4-6). We conclude by discussing theoretical implications for diversity research and practical considerations for accommodating the fast-aging population.
Speech Rate, Intonation, and Pitch: Investigating the Bias and Cue Effects of Vocal Confidence on Persuasion
Authors: Guyer Joshua J. , Fabrigar Leandre R. , Vaughan-Johnston Thomas I.
Published: August 2018

Three experiments were designed to investigate the effects and psychological mechanisms of three vocal qualities on persuasion. Experiment 1 ( N = 394) employed a 2 (elaboration: high vs. low) × 2 (vocal speed: fast vs. slow) × 2 (vocal intonation: falling vs. rising) between-participants factorial design. As predicted, vocal speed and vocal intonation influenced global perceptions of speaker confidence. Under high-elaboration, vocal confidence biased thought-favorability, which influenced attitudes. Under low-elaboration, vocal confidence directly influenced attitudes as a peripheral cue. Experiments 2 ( N = 412) and 3 ( N = 397) conceptually replicated the bias and cue effects in Experiment 1, using a 2 (elaboration: high vs. low) × 2 (vocal pitch: raised vs. lowered) between-participants factorial design. Vocal pitch influenced perceptions of speaker confidence as predicted. These studies demonstrate that changes in three vocal properties influence global perceptions of speaker confidence, influencing attitudes via different mediating processes moderated by amount of thought. Evaluation of alternative mediators in Experiments 2 and 3 failed to support these alternatives to global perceptions of speaker confidence.
Scapular Tip Free Flap in Composite Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Tracy Jeremiah C. , Brandon Bryan , Patel Samip N.
Published: August 2018

Objectives

To describe the use of the scapular tip free flap (STFF) in the reconstruction of head and neck defects.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

A review of the electronic medical record was performed of all patients who underwent head and neck reconstructive surgery with STFFs from January 1, 2014, through January 1, 2016. Details regarding the disease, defect reconstructed, and surgical outcomes were quantified.

Results

Thirty‐one consecutive cases were performed at our institution within the period reviewed. The procedures included reconstruction of 5 maxillectomy and 26 mandibulectomy defects. The mean length of mandible reconstructed was 6.8 cm (95% CI, 6.01‐7.59; range, 4.0‐10.2). Osteotomies were made to contour the scapular bone in 11 cases, including double osteotomies performed in 2 cases. The most common surgical complications were orocutaneous fistula and postoperative hematoma, which occurred in 3 (10%) and 2 (6.5%) of 31 patients, respectively.

Conclusion

This series describes a large number of STFFs performed in head and neck reconstruction. The average length of bony defect repair can be significantly larger than what was previously described. Performing osteotomies to the STFF allows for application to anterior mandibular defects. The STFF offers a large soft tissue component, a relatively long pedicle, and acceptable donor site morbidity. The STFF is a versatile reconstructive option that should be considered to address composite defects of the head and neck.
Brief Commentary on Gidley et al: “Contemporary Opinions on Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring”
Authors: Maw Jennifer , Gidley Paul W.
Published: August 2018

Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring (IOFNM) has evolved from requiring sophisticated electromyography equipment to a self‐contained monitor with an auditory signal. Subspecialty ear surgeons currently use IOFNM in most otologic and temporal bone procedures as it improves facial nerve outcomes. Our competency and near‐universal adoption of IOFNM notwithstanding, otolaryngologists are rarely reimbursed for this procedure. Subspecialists value this technology as medically necessary and should importune fair reimbursement for their expertise in this procedure that is so vital to patient safety.
Balloon Catheter Dilation of the Sinuses: A 2011‐2014 MarketScan Analysis
Authors: Jang David W. , Abraham Cecily , Cyr Derek D. , Schulz Kristine , Abi Hachem Ralph , Witsell David L.
Published: August 2018

Objective

This study uses a large national claims‐based database to analyze recent practice patterns related to balloon catheter dilation (BCD) of the sinuses.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Academic.

Subjects and Methods

Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) undergoing BCD and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) from 2011 to 2014 were identified in Truven Health MarketScan Databases with codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and Current Procedural Terminology, Fourth Edition. Prevalence of CRS and frequency of sinus procedures were trended over the study period. Information related to site of service, demographics, and comorbidities was analyzed.

Results

Although the prevalence of CRS and sinus procedures remained stable over the study period, there was a consistent increase in the annual number of BCD procedures performed in the office. Among BCD procedures, multisinus dilation had the largest increase. A higher proportion of patients undergoing BCD were women, aged ≥65 years, and from the South. There was a higher prevalence of headache disorder and allergic rhinitis in the BCD group, as compared with the FESS and hybrid groups.

Conclusion

BCD, especially in the office, has risen in popularity since the introduction of Current Procedural Terminology codes in 2011. This study reveals significant differences in demographics and comorbidities between patients undergoing BCD and those undergoing FESS. Such disparities may highlight the need for better‐defined indications for use of this technology.
Illegible infrastructures: Road building and the making of state-spaces in the Colombian Amazon
Authors: Uribe Simón
Published: August 2018

The Amazon is currently experiencing a rapid growth in the building of transport infrastructures. While national governments have portrayed infrastructure development as greatly enhancing economic and geographical integration, critical approaches largely describe such development as a destructive process of resource extraction and dispossession. While these views differ radically in relation to the ends and effects of current and future infrastructure projects, they both conceive infrastructure as reflective of an inexorable process of state and capitalist expansion region-wide. Less attention has been paid, however, to the ways in which this very process is conditioned, and sometimes hindered, by a wide array of normative, social and political (dis) orders. In this paper, I draw attention to the ever conflicting and contingent nature of infrastructure building through an ethnographic account of the land conflicts present in an ongoing road project in the Colombian region of Putumayo. Specifically, I look at the tensions and disputes arising from the project’s attempts to make a target space and population legible in order to make them governable. By showing how such attempts have consistently failed and led the project into various states of suspension and uncertainty, the paper sheds light on the deep embedding of infrastructure in everyday dynamics of state-making and unmaking.
Reassembly of plural and human features in the L2 acquisition of Chinese by adult Korean speakers
Authors: Su Jiajia
Published: August 2018

This article reports on a study investigating the second language (L2) acquisition of the plural and human features in Mandarin Chinese by adult Korean speakers. Both plural and human features are represented in Korean and Chinese, but assembled in different ways. Forty-eight L2 learners at beginner, intermediate, and advanced Chinese proficiency levels and twenty-three native speakers of Chinese were tested using a grammaticality judgment task. The results show that L2 learners can successfully reassemble the two features, though L2 specific contexts and restrictions on feature realization are difficult. The advanced group has achieved native-like performance. The findings provide empirical evidence for the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (Lardiere, 2009).
Transforming Early Intervention Screening, Evaluation, Assessment, and Collaboration Practices: Increasing Eligibility for Children Impacted by Trauma
Authors: Adrihan Stephanie A. , Winchell Brooke N. , Greene Sarah J.
Published: August 2018

In this program description, the authors describe outcomes of a 2-year project influencing programmatic changes to screening/assessment practices and increased collaboration with Child Welfare (CW) in an early intervention (EI) program. The EI professionals reviewed how they assessed children who have been abused/neglected. Based on their findings, they revised the eligibility process and assessment tools utilized. Objectives of the programmatic changes were to increase the number of children substantiated as abused/neglected to become eligible for EI services and improve identification of social emotional delays. A summary of overall outcomes is presented aling with implications for policy and practice.
Efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine in treatment of allergic rhinitis in children: a meta-analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zheng Zhipan , Sun Zhenshuang , Zhou Xueping , Zhou Zhongying
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for treating allergic rhinitis in children. We reviewed relevant studies retrieved from the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Cqvip Database, and the Wanfang Database. The analysis was conducted by Cochrane software Revman 5.3. Nineteen randomized, controlled trials were included. Meta-analysis showed that CHM had advantages in the efficacy rate (odds ratio [OR] 3.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.32–4.76), recurrence rate (OR 0.30; 95% CI, 0.18–0.49), scores of symptoms, such as sneezing (mean difference [MD] −1.24; 95% CI, −2.33 to −0.14), running nose (MD −1.32; 95% CI, −2.58 to −0.05), and nasal congestion (MD −0.70; 95% CI, −1.05 to −0.36), but not nasal itching (MD −1.37; 95% CI, −3.96 to 1.22), compared with controls. CHM could also effectively decrease immunoglobulin E levels (MD −46.01, 95% CI, −57.53 to −34.48). The current evidence suggests that CHM is more effective in treating allergic rhinitis in children compared with controls. CHM may also decrease the recurrence and level of immunoglobulin E, and improve symptoms such as sneezing, running nose, and nasal congestion, compared with controls.
Becoming Familiar With a Newly Encountered Face: Evidence of an Own-Race Advantage
Authors: Zhou Xiaomei , Matthews Claire M. , Baker Kristen A. , Mondloch Catherine J.
Published: August 2018

Adults’ ability to match identity in images of unfamiliar faces is impaired for other- compared with own-race faces; their ability to match identity in images of familiar faces is independent of face race. Exposure to within-person variability in appearance plays a key role in face learning. Past research suggests that children need exposure to higher levels of variability than adults to learn a new face—a difference that has been attributed to experience. We predicted that adults’ limited experience with other-race faces would result in their needing exposure to higher levels of variability when learning other- compared with own-race faces. We introduced adults to four new identities (two own-race; two other-race) in one of the three conditions: a single image, a low-variability video (filmed on 1 day), or a high-variability video (filmed across 3 days). Adults’ ability to recognize new instances of learned identities improved in the low-variability condition for own-race faces but only in the high-variability condition for other-race faces. We discuss learning mechanisms that might drive this difference—a difference we attribute to experience.
‘There’s always a [white] man in the loop’: The gendered and racialized politics of civilian drones
Authors: Olson Philip , Labuski Christine
Published: August 2018

In 2014, the United States Federal Aviation Administration chose six sites at which to conduct research crucial to integrating unmanned aircraft systems into the nation’s airspace. Analyzing data collected from five focus groups that we conducted at one of these test sites, this article centers on the gendered and racialized politics of civilian unmanned aircraft. Civilian drone use remains a relatively unchallenged space for displaying hypermasculinity via technological expertise. Focusing on the topic of surveillance, we argue that a very particular, intersectional perspective – white technomasculinity – profoundly influences how civilian unmanned aircraft are imagined, designed and deployed. While this perspective went unmarked and was taken for granted by most of our focus group participants, our analysis highlights the constructed and contingent nature of white technomasculinity, and we argue that a critical technological consciousness is necessary to prevent these technologies from reinforcing or exacerbating unequal distributions of rights and responsibilities among differently located social actors. We conclude our paper on a cautiously hopeful note, drawing attention to moments in which more distributed, or ‘sousveillant’, uses of civilian UAS appeared possible.
Elements for developing community-based interventions for adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Quan Ryan , Brintnell E Sharon , Leung Ada WS
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Current literature about interventions for adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is limited, which is a concern, due to the high prevalence of FASD. FASD creates lifelong physical, mental, cognitive and behavioral deficits, which impacts many aspects of daily living. Community-based interventions are necessary to better support adults with FASD and provide them with the opportunity to achieve success in their daily lives and social participation. This scoping review aimed to identify elements for developing successful community-based interventions for these individuals.

Method

A search was conducted in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases and supplementary gray literature was resourced. Articles were selected based on inclusion–exclusion criteria, and a thematic analysis was completed to identify and present relevant findings.

Results

Seven articles met selection criteria and were included in this review. Six emerging themes were identified: inclusion of a functional context, individualized support, education for service providers, structure and routine, utilizing a strengths-based approach, and environmental adaptations. These themes were used to present the findings related to the elements necessary for developing interventions for adults with FASD.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the identified elements may be necessary to develop successful interventions, especially community-based interventions, for adults with FASD.
Political ethics and social movement: The virtues and vices of a ‘fishing scab’
Authors: Lang Luciana
Published: August 2018

In the 1980s, local mobilization to turn a mangrove swamp, the Manguezal do Jequiá, into an environmentally protected area in the urban periphery of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, brought distinct motivations together under one vision: that of regenerating what was once a resource-rich commons for local fishers. However, conflicts emerged when framings ceased to coincide, thereby curtailing the network, and compromising the co-existence of humans, fish and mangroves. Prompted by the ethnographic category of pelego, or ‘scab’, used by people from outside the community to explain political disengagement amongst fishers, this paper sheds light on what being political means. Following the tropes of nets and networks, it unveils the tension between adaptation and resistance. At the threshold between traditional ways of living and progress, between continuity and change, adaptation emerges as a means to survive for both the mangroves and the fishers, who are political insofar as they affect the relations that constitute the network.
‘Look, the King is Weeping and Mourning!’: Expressions of Mourning in the David Narratives and their Interpretive Contribution
Authors: Zimran Yisca
Published: August 2018

This article discusses the mourning narratives of David in 2 Samuel. A comparison between the expressions of mourning David displays after various deaths is followed by a discussion of their meaning. This article proposes that the presence or absence of certain gestures has a certain bearing on the plots: the full array of mourning rites suggests that David is exculpating himself from responsibility for the death in question, whereas a partial display may reflect an attempt to mitigate the negative consequence of innocent bloodshed (2 Sam. 4), or the manifestation of his attitude toward the murdered and murderers (2 Sam. 13 and 19). Even a complete lack of mourning rites is significant for the readers and the characters alike (2 Sam. 11). Through a discussion of these narratives, this article illuminates the connection between the content and design of each story; and the contribution of a comparative analysis to the understanding of the individual narrative and the whole collection.
Expiating Apostasy: Baal Peor, Moses, and Intermarriage with a Midianite Woman
Authors: Pettit David P.
Published: August 2018

Numbers 25.1–18 tells the story of Baal Peor, a moment lifted up as an example of apostasy and warning for life in the land in Psalm 106, Joshua 22, and Hos. 9.10. The violation central to the story of Baal Peor is intermarriage, for intermarriage is more than sexual relations or idolatry. Intermarriage affirms or forms kinship bonds. Numbers 25.1–18 joins the account of Baal Peor with the story of intermarriage with a Midianite (25.6–18). In this event Moses is confronted for his role in permitting the apostasy and his failure to oversee the people. Furthermore, he is implicated for his own marriage with a Midianite, Zipporah. This article argues that Moses too had yoked himself to the people of Midian. Moses's hybrid and intermarried past is reinterpreted in a new light where Moses's past, synecdochic of Israel's, must be confronted and atoned for, so that a sense of cultural identity can be (re)claimed.
Examining the Provision of Railway Transit Information to Foreign Visitors in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area and Strategies for Improvement
Authors: Chang Xiao Yun , Ikeda Yoshiki , Tsujimura Sohei , Sakamoto Kiyoshi
Published: August 2018

Well known for its extensive network and state-of-the-art technology, the Japanese railway system has become a must-see attraction for foreign tourists and yet has not ceased to perplex them. Despite the growing use of multilingual signs, real-time train information, and information centers equipped with English-speaking staff, visitors from abroad could still find themselves lost when navigating the railway system. This research aims to examine the provision of railway transit information to foreign visitors in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and focuses on the railway system of Japan Railway (JR) East—the largest railway company in Japan and a global railway leader—as a case study. We identified four areas of research that are critical to the ease of use of railway systems, namely wayfinding, route planning, ticketing, and staff assistance. We examined the factors contributing to successful information provision and quantified the influences of sign design on the cognitive cost of wayfinding through interviews and surveys. We found that sign legibility, inadequate explanation for those with little background knowledge, and station staff’s language skills were pressing concerns among foreign passengers, and transit information needs to be addressed systematically. This research will contribute to the understanding of tourists’ use of public transit and provide a practical guide to improving the usability of urban railway systems not only in Japan but also worldwide.
Validation of the Deep Patch Embankment Repair Design Method using a Large-Scale Centrifuge
Authors: Cuelho Eli V. , Perkins Steven W. , Collins Brian M.
Published: August 2018

The deep patch repair technique has been widely used in the western U.S.A. to address subsidence and shallow slope failures mainly within poorly performing side-cast embankments and natural slopes consisting of weak soils overlying stronger soils. This project was a multi-phase effort to examine, refine, update, and verify the design procedure associated with this repair method. An experimental design was developed to examine the performance of various deep patch repair configurations and to validate the design technique developed using FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) modeling results during Phase I. A series of unreinforced and reinforced slope configurations were tested using a large centrifuge to study their behavior and document their performance. Fourteen centrifuge models (seven unreinforced and seven deep patch reinforced) were run to verify the design chart for a 39-degree slope angle and having one-foot thick deep patch layer spacing (one of four design charts developed during Phase I). Performance of the deep patch models was evaluated based on a serviceability criterion limiting movement in the road bench atop the reinforced zone. Models reinforced with deep patches helped stabilize slope failures by acting as a cantilever and redirecting the failure path to the face of the slope beneath the slope crest, thereby reducing distresses near the top surface of the deep patch. Overall, results from this analysis indicated that the design tool created during Phase I sufficiently predicts the depth of the deep patch necessary to achieve good performance.
Evaluation of Downstream Merge Behaviors Resulting from Driver Lane Choice: A Driving Simulator Study
Authors: Tainter Francis , Ryan Alyssa , Fitzpatrick Cole , Christofa Eleni , Knodler Michael
Published: August 2018

With the ever-increasing demand to add roadway capacity in a safe and efficient manner, the application of auxiliary through lanes (ATLs) at intersections has increased in recent years. Despite the potential capacity-related benefits, ATLs also introduce the potential for unique driver operation tactics, leading to challenging merge scenarios downstream of signalized intersections. Furthermore, the benefits of increasing capacity are only realized when drivers are making decisions that balance the utilization of the ATL and the adjacent continuous through lane. Moreover, balancing lane utilization upstream of an ATL signalized intersection may introduce an improvement in safety and operations in merging conflicts downstream. Previous research investigated the effectiveness of ATLs through microsimulation and field studies. This research employed two full-immersion driving simulation studies. The initial experiment was conducted using simulation technology to evaluate aspects of driver behavior associated with lane utilization at ATLs. Lane utilization of the ATL significantly increased when the driver was informed of the fundamental design concept, ultimately improving capacity. The second experiment was based upon the results of the initial experiment, coupled with ongoing research evaluating alternative merge signage. Specifically, the second experiment aimed to evaluate downstream merge signage that could mitigate some of the behaviors resulting from the less than optimal lane utilization for ATLs. With an emphasis on improving intersection performance, the results from this paper suggest that the implementation of alternative merging signage may lead to improved merging behavior.
Clinical Outcomes, Tendon Integrity, and Shoulder Strength After Revision Rotator Cuff Reconstruction: A Minimum 2 Years’ Follow-up
Authors: Willinger Lukas , Lacheta Lucca , Beitzel Knut , Buchmann Stefan , Woertler Klaus , Imhoff Andreas B. , Scheiderer Bastian
Published: August 2018

Background:

The retear rate after primary rotator cuff (RC) reconstruction is high and commonly leads to poorer clinical outcomes and shoulder function. In the case of primary failure, revision RC reconstruction (RCR) has become increasingly important to re-create RC integrity and improve outcomes. To date, clinical and structural outcomes after RCR have not been sufficiently investigated and described at midterm follow-up.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes after revision RCR. It was hypothesized that revision RCR significantly improves clinical outcomes and that the outcomes positively correlate with tendon integrity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients who underwent revision RCR between 2008 and 2014 were retrospectively evaluated with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Outcomes were assessed by a clinical examination, a visual analog scale for pain (VAS), the Constant Score (CS), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Tendon integrity was determined using 3-T MRI and graded according to the Sugaya classification.

Results:

Thirty-one of 40 patients (77.5%) were available for the final assessment at a mean follow-up of 50.3 ± 20.4 months. Clinical outcome scores significantly improved from preoperatively to postoperatively for the CS (39.7 ± 16.7 to 65.1 ± 19.7; P < .001), ASES (44.2 ± 17.7 to 75.2 ± 24.8; P < .001), and DASH (68.6 ± 15.1 to 21.5 ± 19.1; P < .001). The VAS score decreased from 6.1 ± 1.8 preoperatively to 1.3 ± 1.8 at final follow-up ( P < .001). MRI demonstrated a retear rate of 55.5%. No differences in CS, ASES, and DASH scores were detected between patients with an intact repair and failure. Abduction strength was not significantly different in patients with an intact repair and retears (55.5 N vs 44.0 N, respectively, P = .52).

Conclusion:

Revision RCR improves clinical outcomes and shoulder function at midterm follow-up. The clinical outcome scores were comparable in patients with an intact repair and those with failed RC healing. Therefore, tendon integrity was not correlated with better clinical outcomes after revision RCR at final follow-up.
Resistenze antibiotiche e nuove molecole: qual è lo scenario attuale?
Authors: Novelli Andrea
Published: August 2018

Antibiotic resistance and new drugs in urologic setting: what we need to know?

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most frequent infectious diseases, and represent an important public health problem with a substantial economic burden. In recent years the chemoresistance of the main uropathogens has significantly increased worldwide. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production and multi-drug resistant (MDR) clones of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are limiting available treatment options. Carbapenems and aminoglycosides are still effective in complicated UTI. New beta-lactam combinations such as ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam may be highly useful in treating severe infections while contributing to the carbapenem sparing strategy. For uncomplicated UTI, within older antibiotics, fosfomycin trometamol may be considered a first-choice drug since it is still retaining a good activity against MDR uropathogens. On the other hand, there are extensive data showing that the administration of antimicrobials according to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters improves the possibility of a positive clinical outcome, particularly in severely ill patients. Evidence is growing that when PK/PD parameters are used to target not only clinical cure.

This article discusses the PK/PD characteristics of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of UTIs, and the pharmacological and therapeutic strategies for limiting or preventing bacterial resistance.
Model-based Inference of a Directed Network of Circadian Neurons
Authors: McBride David , Petzold Linda
Published: August 2018

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master clock of the brain. It is a network of neurons that behave like biological oscillators, capable of synchronizing and maintaining daily rhythms. The detailed structure of this network is still unknown, and the role that the connectivity pattern plays in the network’s ability to generate robust oscillations has yet to be fully elucidated. In recent work, we used an information theory–based technique to infer the structure of the functional network for synchronization, from bioluminescence reporter data. Here, we propose a computational method to determine the directionality of the connections between the neurons. We find that most SCN neurons have a similar number of incoming connections, but the number of outgoing connections per neuron varies widely, with the most highly connected neurons residing preferentially in the core.
Who supports the psychiatric nurse? A qualitative study of the social supports that affect how psychiatric nurses cope with workplace risks and stressors
Authors: Fahy Geraldine , Moran Lisa
Published: August 2018

The study focuses on how registered psychiatric nurses in a high-dependency unit in Ireland utilise informal and formal supports to cope with risk and trauma in the workplace, including threats of physical violence and verbal abuse. Increasingly, research and policy acknowledge that risk management and emotional trauma affect the workplace performance and general well-being of Registered Psychiatric Nurses. However, there is a paucity of Irish social scientific research on how psychiatric nurses negotiate informal and formal networks, to cope with workplace risks every day. Drawing on qualitative interviews, this paper ascertains how psychiatric nurses interpret everyday risks and how they draw upon support networks (e.g. family, co-workers) to cope with workplace stressors. The findings show that Registered Psychiatric Nurses who were interviewed create boundaries between informal and formal networks that help them to cope with workplace risks. Our study indicates that in this context, organisational supports are seldom used by Registered Psychiatric Nurses, even in times of crisis. A core contribution of the work is that it affirms the importance of co-workers in how Registered Psychiatric Nurses negotiate workplace risks and makes recommendations on how formal organisational supports might be improved.
“Surviving the Violence, Humiliation, and Loneliness Means Getting High”: Violence, Loneliness, and Health of Female Sex Workers
Authors: Pinedo González Ruth , Palacios Picos Andrés , de la Iglesia Gutiérrez Myriam
Published: August 2018

Sex workers are particularly vulnerable to violence, isolation, and stigmatization. This study uses the theory of loneliness to explore the relations among violence, self-esteem, loneliness, health, and drug use. Specifically, this study tested a model in which loneliness mediates the relationship between situational (violence) and characterological (self-esteem) loneliness factors and physical and psychological health and drug abuse. The study sample consisted of 146 sex workers from one region of Spain, recruited through the purposive sampling method. Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling has been employed to test the hypothesis. The findings of this study suggest that two kinds of violence (physical and psychological) have a direct and positive influence on loneliness, so that higher levels of violence increase loneliness, while self-esteem has a protector role on loneliness. Loneliness has a direct and negative impact on psychological and physical health, and determines an increase in drug use, which, in turn, decreases both physical and psychological health. The results support, among other points, that policy makers and sex worker service programs need to be aware of how loneliness plays a role in the health and risk behavior of sex workers. Society has an important role to improve sex workers’ health and minimize their risk behavior.
Undergraduate Students as Bystanders to Sexual Violence Risks: Differences in Reported Intervention Opportunities and Behaviors by Racial Identity
Authors: Hoxmeier Jill C. , O’Connor Julia , McMahon Sarah
Published: August 2018

Although substantial research has been dedicated to understanding the demographic and psychosocial correlates of bystander intervention behavior related to sexual violence, as well as the effectiveness of bystander training programs, both lines of inquiry often fail to examine potential differences in bystander intervention opportunities and behavior based on students’ racial identity. Indeed, current research generally suffers from a lack of diversity in the study samples. Given this gap in the literature, the purpose of this study is to examine whether—and how—students’ racial identity (White, non-Hispanic, African American, Asian American, Hispanic and multiracial) is associated with their reported intervention opportunities and prosocial response as bystanders to sexual violence risks. In the fall of 2014, undergraduate students ( N = 9,358) completed web-based surveys to assess bystander intervention opportunities and behavior for six high-risk situations. Tests of independence revealed racial identity was significantly associated with bystander opportunities for four of the six situations, and logistic regression revealed that White students had significantly higher odds of reporting these intervention opportunities, compared with students of color. Tests of independence revealed that racial identity was not significantly associated with bystander intervention behavior, although logistic regression analysis revealed Asian American students had significantly lower odds of reporting prosocial intervention response for one situation, compared with White counterparts. In response to growing concerns about campus sexual violence, institutions of higher education are increasingly adopting bystander training programs to engage students as prosocial helpers who can intervene in risk situations. In line with these findings, research of this nature should include samples that reflect the diversity of their campus communities, explore what types of opportunities students of color identify as potential for intervention, and ensure these situations are captured in bystander behavior measures used in the field.
Employer-Provided Student Loan Repayment Assistance Benefits
Authors: Kilgour John G.
Published: August 2018

With 70% of recent hires being encumbered with student-loan debt, employers and employees have recently become interested in repayment assistance benefits. Since about 2015, 4% of employers and 8% of large employers have adopted such plans. An estimated 20% will have them by 2018. This article examines the background, growth and magnitude of federal and private student loans. It also examines those programs that have been adopted and gleans from them a number of questions that will help in the design and implementation of new programs by employers.
Rivalry among agents seeking large budgets
Authors: Terai Kimiko , Glazer Amihai
Published: August 2018

An agent competing for resources from a principal may benefit from having the principal believe that the agent shares his preferences, whereas the principal may prefer that agents reveal their types, inducing a separating equilibrium. Such incentives are explored in a model with a principal who sets a budget in two separate periods, and two different agents allocate that budget among services. In the second period, the principal allocates a larger budget to the agent that he believes is more likely to share his preferences. In the first period, each agent may behave strategically, spending more on the service the principal prefers, thereby hiding the agent’s type; this benefits the principal in the current period, but hurts him in the future because he does not know which agent would spend in the way he prefers. The principal may induce separation by giving the agents a large budget in the initial period, or by hiding his preferences from them.
Mystical Foundations of Politics? Luther on God’s Presence and the Place of Human Beings
Authors: Wendte Martin
Published: August 2018

This article opens up a dialogue between two strands of Luther research, which until now have had limited contact: a German strand interested in the influence of Luther’s mystical education on his Reformation theology, and a German and Anglo-American strand concerned with Luther’s doctrine of the three estates and understanding of politics, emphasising in particular God’s constant activity in our daily life. This article has a twofold aim: first, to undertake a historical reconstruction of the influence of mysticism on the late Luther, and second to draw some systematic conclusions for our contemporary situation. The conclusion emphasises that the mystical tradition helps us to gain a better understanding of God’s manifold present activities, namely, because it helps us to perceive that God does not work through spoken words alone, but also through gestures, gazes and other embodied activities.
Timely Reformation Scholarship and Theology versus the Grand Historical Narratives: A Review Essay
Authors: O’Donovan Joan Lockwood
Published: August 2018

This article reviews Michael Laffin’s fresh presentation of Luther’s political theology, which draws on contemporary Lutheran theological scholarship and interpretation to counter the assaults on Luther’s thought by such representative modernity critics as Milbank and Herdt.
Camera-based measurement of cyclist motion
Authors: Eddy Chris , de Saxe Christopher , Cebon David
Published: August 2018

Heavy goods vehicles are overrepresented in cyclist fatality statistics in the United Kingdom relative to their proportion of total traffic volume. In particular, the statistics highlight a problem for vehicles turning left across the path of a cyclist on their inside. In this article, we present a camera-based system to detect and track cyclists in the blind spot. The system uses boosted classifiers and geometric constraints to detect cyclist wheels, and Canny edge detection to locate the ground contact point. The locations of these points are mapped into physical coordinates using a calibration system based on the ground plane. A Kalman Filter is used to track and predict the future motion of the cyclist. Full-scale tests were conducted using a construction vehicle fitted with two cameras, and the results compared with measurements from an ultrasonic-sensor system. Errors were comparable to the ultrasonic system, with average error standard deviation of 4.3 cm when the cyclist was 1.5 m from the heavy goods vehicles, and 7.1 cm at a distance of 1 m. When results were compared to manually extracted cyclist position data, errors were less than 4 cm at separations of 1.5 and 1 m. Compared to the ultrasonic system, the camera system requires simple hardware and can easily differentiate cyclists from stationary or moving background objects such as parked cars or roadside furniture. However, the cameras suffer from reduced robustness and accuracy at close range and cannot operate in low-light conditions.
Modesty, liberty, equality: Negotiations of gendered principles of piety among Muslim women who cover
Authors: Chapman Madeleine
Published: August 2018

This article draws on a qualitative research study with Muslim women who cover to investigate how they represent the Islamic virtue of modesty. The article details findings that Muslim women elaborate modesty as an autonomous labour of ethical self-regulation and a relational virtue that is concerned with devotion to family and the de-sexualisation of day-to-day social interactions. It argues from analysis of representational content and dynamics that these accounts of modesty involve processes of affirming as well as resisting the liberal norms of equality, sexuality and agency that define Muslim veiling in the eyes of others.
Analyzing pre-post randomized studies with one post-randomization score using repeated measures and ANCOVA models
Authors: Wan Fei
Published: August 2018

The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) or repeated measures (RM) models are often used to compare the treatment effect between different arms in pre-post randomized studies. ANCOVA adjusts the baseline score as a covariate in regression models. RM treats both the baseline and post-randomization scores as outcome variables. We aim to establish the underlying connections between ANCOVA and a constrained RM (“cRM”). We start with the interrelated concepts in a pre-post randomized designs: homogeneous vs. heterogeneous study populations, the marginal vs. the conditional treatment effect, and homogeneity vs. heterogeneity of treatment effect. We then demonstrate the asymptotic equivalence between the ANCOVA and cRM estimators for the marginal treatment effect and discuss the conditions under which ANCOVA needs to include a baseline score by treatment interaction term. In particular, an ANCOVA interaction model with a mean centered baseline score can assess both the marginal treatment effect and the heterogeneity in the conditional treatment effect. However, the ordinary least squares (OLS)-based inference is not valid for unconditional inference because this interaction model typically has heteroskedastic errors, and ordinary least squares treats the sample mean of the baseline score as a known parameter. We propose a bootstrap and a heteroskedasticity consistent variance estimator for heteroskedastic ANCOVA. Our simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed methods provide valid inferences for testing both the marginal treatment effect and the heterogeneity of treatment effect using an ANCOVA interaction model. We used an acupuncture headache trial to elucidate the proposed approaches.