bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Injunctive Social Norms Primacy over Descriptive Social Norms in Retirement Savings Decisions
Authors: Croy Gerry , Gerrans Paul , Speelman Craig
Published: November 2010

Consistent with the global trend to shift responsibility for retirement income provision from the public purse to individuals has been encouragement to save more and to manage investment strategy. Analyzing data from 2,300 respondents to a randomly distributed questionnaire, this article focuses on the motivational importance of social norms. The study finds injunctive social norms (what is commonly approved or disapproved of) exert greater influence than descriptive social norms (what is commonly done) in predicting retirement savings intentions. Modeling employs the theory of planned behavior, and also finds injunctive social norm has predictive primacy over attitude and perceived behavioral control. Discussion advocates a balanced approach to intervention design, and identifies opportunities for the further study of normative message framing.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Kidney and Cyst Volume in Children with ADPKD
Authors: Cadnapaphornchai Melissa A. , Masoumi Amirali , Strain John D. , McFann Kim , Schrier Robert W.
Published: November 2010

Background and objectives

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease and has important clinical manifestations in childhood. Numerous studies have documented the superiority of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for serial monitoring of kidney and cyst volume in this condition in adults. However, no studies have examined the utility of MRI for serial assessment of kidney and cyst volume in children with ADPKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Subjects 4 to 21 years of age with ADPKD underwent abdominal MRI on an annual basis for 5 years. Subjects were grouped according to BP as hypertensive (HBP; BP ≥ 95th percentile for age, height, and gender) or as normotensive (NBP; BP < 95th percentile). Total kidney volume (TKV), cyst volume, and cyst number were assessed by stereology.

Results

MRI studies (n = 302) were obtained in 77 children with ADPKD. TKV and cyst volume were significantly increased in HBP versus NBP subjects. HBP subjects demonstrated a greater increase in fractional cyst volume over time versus NBP subjects. Cyst number increased more rapidly in HBP ADPKD children.

Conclusions

This is the first large-scale clinical study examining the utility of MRI for serial assessment of TKV, cyst volume, and cyst number in children with ADPKD. These results demonstrate that MRI is an acceptable means to follow these parameters in children with ADPKD. Because of the embryonic occurrence of cysts, interventional trials are needed in ADPKD children and MRI may be the preferred renal imaging approach.
Implications of the CKD-EPI GFR Estimation Equation in Clinical Practice
Authors: Schold Jesse D. , Navaneethan Sankar D. , Jolly Stacey E. , Poggio Emilio D. , Arrigain Susana , Saupe Welf , Jain Anil , Sharp John W. , Simon James F. , Schreiber Martin J. , Nally Joseph V.
Published: November 2010

Background and objectives

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem whose diagnosis and staging relies upon GFR-estimating equations, including the new CKD-EPI equation. CKD-EPI demonstrated superior performance compared with the existing MDRD equation but has not been applied to a healthcare system.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We identified 53,759 patients with stages 3 to 5 CKD on the basis of either MDRD or CKD-EPI equations using two eGFR values <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 >90 days apart from an outpatient setting. We compared patient characteristics, presence of related diagnosis codes, and time CKD classification between equations.

Results

The number of patients identified with CKD decreased 10% applying CKD-EPI versus MDRD. Changes varied substantially by patient characteristics including a 35% decrease among patients <60 years and a 10% increase among patients >90 years. Women, non-African Americans, nondiabetics, and obese patients were less likely to be classified on the basis of CKD-EPI. Time to CKD classification was significantly longer with CKD-EPI among younger patients. 14% of patients identified with CKD on the basis of either estimating equation also had a related ICD-9 diagnosis, ranging from 19% among patients <60 years to 7% among patients >90 years.

Conclusions

Consistent with findings in the general population, CKD-EPI resulted in substantial declines in equation-based CKD diagnoses in a large healthcare system. Further research is needed to determine whether widespread use of CKD-EPI with current guidelines could lead to delayed needed care among younger patients or excessive referrals among older patients.
Blood Pressure Control and Left Ventricular Mass in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sinha Manish D. , Tibby Shane M. , Rasmussen Pernille , Rawlins Debbie , Turner Charles , Dalton R. Neil , Reid Christopher J.D. , Rigden Susan P.A. , Booth Caroline J. , Simpson John M.
Published: November 2010

Background and objectives

Heart disease is a major cause of death in young adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common and is associated with hypertension. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether there is a relationship between LVH and BP in children with CKD and whether current targets for BP control are appropriate.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In this single-center cross-sectional study, 49 nonhypertensive children, (12.6 ± 3.0 years, mean GFR 26.1 ± 12.9 ml/min per 1.73 m2) underwent echocardiographic evaluation and clinic and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. LVH was defined using age-specific reference intervals for left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Biochemical data and clinic BP for 18 months preceding study entry were also analyzed.

Results

The mean LVMI was 37.8 ± 9.1 g/m2.7, with 24 children (49%) exhibiting LVH. Clinic BP values were stable over the 18 months preceding echocardiography. Patients with LVH had consistently higher BP values than those without, although none were overtly hypertensive (>95th percentile). Multiple linear regression demonstrated a strong relationship between systolic BP and LVMI. Clinic systolic BP showed a stronger relationship than ambulatory measures. Of the confounders evaluated, only elemental calcium intake yielded a consistent, positive relationship with LVMI.

Conclusions

LVMI was associated with systolic BP in the absence of overt hypertension, suggesting that current targets for BP control should be re-evaluated. The association of LVMI with elemental calcium intake questions the appropriateness of calcium-based phosphate binders in this population.
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in the Diagnosis of Type 1 Cardio-Renal Syndrome in the General Ward
Authors: Alvelos Margarida , Pimentel Rodrigo , Pinho Elika , Gomes André , Lourenço Patricia , Teles Maria José , Almeida Pedro , Guimarães João Tiago , Bettencourt Paulo
Published: November 2010

Background and objectives

The early identification of acute heart failure (HF) patients with type 1 cardio-renal syndrome should be the first step for developing prevention and treatment strategies for these patients. This study aimed to assess the performance of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C in the early detection of type 1 cardio-renal syndrome in patients with acute HF.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

One-hundred nineteen patients admitted with acute HF were studied. NGAL and creatinine were measured in the first hospitalization morning; creatinine was also measured at least after 48 to 72 hours. Physicians were blinded to NGAL and cystatin C levels. Type 1 cardio-renal syndrome was defined as an increase in the creatinine level of at least 0.3 mg/dl or 50% of basal creatinine.

Results

Type 1 cardio-renal syndrome developed within 48 to 72 hours in 14 patients (11.8%). Admission NGAL levels were higher in these patients: 212 versus 83 ng/dl. At a cutoff value of 170 ng/L, NGAL determined type 1 cardio-renal syndrome with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 86.7%. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of NGAL was 0.93 and that of cystatin C was 0.68.

Conclusions

Above a cutoff value of 170 ng/L, NGAL predicts 48- to 72-hour development of type 1 cardio-renal syndrome with a negative predictive value of 100% and a positive predictive value of 50%. NGAL independently associates with type 1 cardio-renal syndrome and might be a useful biomarker in the early recognition of these patients.
Wound Healing in the Paranasal Sinuses after Coblation, Part II: Evaluation for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery using a Sheep Model
Authors: Swibel-Rosenthal Laura H. , Benninger Michael S. , Stone Chad H. , Zacharek Mark A.
Published: November 2010

Background

A previous study on wound healing with a rabbit model showed thermal injury to sinus mucosa with complete respiratory re-epithelialization by postoperative day (POD) 29. This study was designed to further understand the pattern of injury using the bipolar radiofrequency plasma process used by the Coblator and evaluate postprocedure healing.

Methods

Based on experience with our rabbit model, three sheep underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. Coblation was applied to inferior turbinate mucosa in three areas for 2, 4, or 6 seconds. After resection of the contralateral middle turbinate and ethmoidectomy, Coblation was applied to the lateral wall or lamina papyracea for 2 seconds. The ethmoid and turbinate specimens were resected en bloc during necropsy immediately for the first sheep and on POD 14 for the others.

Results

Coblation resulted in immediate loss of surface respiratory epithelium and thermal-type injury to the underlying seromucinous glands. On POD 14, the Coblation site showed re-epithelialization with respiratory epithelium. The underlying seromucinous glands were replaced by mild fibrosis. A small, well-defined zone of injury was shown. Longer use did not result in a deeper injury. Rather, the depth of injury was dependent on the type of submucosal tissue present. Underlying bone was associated with reactive, regenerative changes. No histological changes were shown in the orbit.

Conclusion

The effects of Coblation on sheep mucosa show a similar injury and healing pattern to that shown on rabbit mucosa. Based on this work and the previous rabbit study, the Coblator may be an additional tool for use in endoscopic sinus surgery.
Transformational Play
Authors: Barab Sasha A. , Gresalfi Melissa , Ingram-Goble Adam
Published: November 2010

Videogames are a powerful medium that curriculum designers can use to create narratively rich worlds for achieving educational goals. In these worlds, youth can become scientists, doctors, writers, and mathematicians who critically engage complex disciplinary content to transform a virtual world. Toward illuminating this potential, the authors advance the theory of transformational play. Such play involves taking on the role of a protagonist who must employ conceptual understandings to transform a problem-based fictional context and transform the player as well. The authors first survey the theory and then ground their discussion in two units that, as part of their design-based research methodology, have simultaneously given rise to and been informed by their theory of transformational play. They close with a discussion of research and design challenges.
Review of Patients Admitted to a Specialist Inpatient Parent-Infant Psychiatric Service
Authors: Nair Revi , Bilszta Justin , Shafira Nadia , Salam Nilam , Buist Anne
Published: November 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper is to review the clinical, demographic and psychosocial characteristics of consecutive admissions to a specialist inpatient parent-infant psychiatric service during a 2-year period.

Methods: Data from consecutive admissions between January 2006 and December 2007 were evaluated in terms of primary and secondary diagnosis, demographics and psychosocial risk, psychiatric history, referral source, inpatient care and child protection involvement.

Results: The majority of admissions (n = 149) recorded during the audit period were for a major depressive disorder (n = 69; 46%), schizophrenia (n = 29; 19%) or postnatal psychosis (n = 19; 13%); the most common comorbidities were a physical health problem (35%), substance abuse (24%) or borderline personality disorder (15%). The average length-of-stay was 23.8 ± 15.5 days; the average baby's age at admission was 15.1 ± 11.6 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences between women with a history of a mood disorder and those with no such history, in any of the demographic or psychosocial variables evaluated.

Conclusion: This paper provides a unique appraisal of those individuals actively seeking psychiatric assessment and treatment through a specialist perinatal psychiatric service. Such information is useful in promoting better understanding of this population and the complex treatment and management needs of this patient group.
“The Map Proves It”: Map Use by the American Woman Suffrage Movement
Authors: Dando Christina Elizabeth
Published: November 2010

In the early twentieth century, American suffragists used “a suffrage map” showing the spread of women's suffrage on posters, pamphlets, and broadsides. The map was part of a shift in tactics used by the suffrage movement: leaving the parlours and taking to the streets, the suffragettes were claiming public space. This article explores the verbal and graphic rhetoric of these persuasive maps, as well as the politics of their placement, exploring how suffragettes moulded and used these traditionally masculinist ways of knowing to advance their cause while simultaneously marginalizing women of colour. Their adoption of maps represents an early example of critical cartography, an adoption of “the master's tools” to advance their own interests.
Uncertainty Analysis of Decomposition Level Choice in Wavelet Threshold De-Noising
Authors: Sang Yan-Fang , Wang Dong , Wu Ji-Chun
Published: November 2010

In this paper, the complexities of various noises, which are quantified by wavelet energy entropy (WEE) and differential coefficient of WEE (D(WEE)), were first analyzed and their uncertainties then estimated and described using confidence intervals. Then, quantitative criterion for judging the WEE and D(WEE) difference between noisy series and noise was put forward, based on which the decomposition level (DL) choice method in wavelet threshold de-noising proposed in 2010 by Sang et al. was improved. Finally, analytical results from examples verified the performance of the improved method, and also demonstrated its much wider applicability; moreover, the DL chosen using it is more reliable because of the fact that uncertainty is taken into consideration.
Concise Syntheses of Trifluoromethylated Cyclic and Acyclic Analogues of cADPR
Authors: Huang Xiangchen , Dong Min , Liu Jian , Zhang Kehui , Yang Zhenjun , Zhang Liangren , Zhang Lihe
Published: November 2010

A novel trifluoromethylated analogue of cADPR, 8-CF3-cIDPDE (5) was designed and synthesized via construction of N1,N9-disubstituted hypoxanthine, trifluoromethylation and intramolecular condensation. A series of acyclic analogues of cADPR were also designed and synthesized. These compounds could be useful molecules for studying the structure-activity relationship of cADPR analogues and exploring the cADPR/RyR Ca2+ signalling system.
Nutrition-Related Practices and Attitudes of Kansas Skipped-Generation(s) Caregivers and Their Grandchildren
Authors: Higgins Mary Meck , Murray Bethany J.
Published: November 2010

Despite growing numbers, the nutrition practices and attitudes of skipped‑generation(s) kinship caregivers regarding feeding the dependent children in their care have not been examined. In this qualitative study, transcriptions of semi-structured interviews with 19 female and four male skipped-generation(s) Kansas caregivers (ages 47 to 80, 92% non-Hispanic whites, 83% female, 78% grandparents and 22% great-aunt or great‑grandparent caregivers; caring for a range of one to four children, ages three to 18, for an average of nine years) were content analyzed for how their nutrition-related practices and attitudes had changed since parenting the first time. Sub-themes regarding practices included: being more nutrition and food safety conscious now, and shifting their child feeding style. The children seemed to be adversely affected by an on-the-go lifestyle and the use of more electronics. Caregivers described their sources for child feeding advice as being based mostly on information from their mothers, physicians, and their past parenting experiences. Sub-themes for attitudes included opinions that nutrition and safe food handling are important and that nutritious food is expensive. They preferred printed or video nutrition education materials and wanted to receive information through organizations they trusted. This population could benefit from education on: infant, child, adolescent, and sports nutrition; feeding “picky eaters”; healthful recipes, “fast foods” and packaged foods; quick, inexpensive meals and snacks low in fat, sugar, and salt; limiting sedentary time; family meals; using food thermometers; and intergenerational gardening and cooking.
Injectable VEGF Hydrogels Produce Near Complete Neurological and Anatomical Protection following Cerebral Ischemia in Rats
Authors: Emerich Dwaine F. , Silva Eduardo , Ali Omar , Mooney David , Bell William , Yu Seong Jin , Kaneko Yuji , Borlongan Cesar
Published: November 2010

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent proangiogenic peptide and its administration has been considered as a potential neuroprotective strategy following cerebral stroke. Because VEGF has a short half-life and limited access to the brain parenchyma following systemic administration, approaches are being developed to deliver it directly to the site of infarction. In the present study, VEGF was incorporated into a sustained release hydrogel delivery system to examine its potential benefits in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. The hydrogel loaded with VEGF (1 μg) was stereotaxically injected into the striatum of adult rats 15 min prior to a 1-h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Two days after surgery, animals were tested for motor function using the elevated bias swing test (EBST) and Bederson neurological battery. Control animals received either stroke alone, stroke plus injections of a blank gel, or a single bolus injection of VEGF (1 μg). Behavioral testing confirmed that the MCA occlusion resulted in significant deficits in the the EBST and Bederson tests. In contrast, the performance of animals receiving VEGF gels was significantly improved relative to controls, with only modest impairments observed. Cerebral infarction analyzed using 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride staining confirmed that the VEGF gels significantly and potently reduced the lesion volume. No neurological or histological benefits were conferred by either blank gel or bolus VEGF injections. These data demonstrate that VEGF, delivered from a hydrogel directly to the brain, can induce significant functional and structural protection from ischemic damage in a rat model of stroke.
Changes in Host Blood Factors and Brain Glia Accompanying the Functional Recovery after Systemic Administration of Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke Rats
Authors: Yang Ming , Wei Xiaotao , Li Jing , Heine Lynn A. , Rosenwasser Robert , Iacovitti Lorraine
Published: November 2010

In this study, we examined the effects of systemic administration of rat or human bone marrow stromal stem cells (MSC) at early and later times following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on blood cytokines/growth factors, brain glia, and motor behavior in rats. Rats were tail vein injected with rat (r) and human (h) MSCs at 1 or 7 days post-MCAO. In some rats ( N = 4) MSCs isolated from transgenic GFP rats were used to track the migration of cells peripherally and centrally at 2.5 and 28 days. Motor behavior was assessed using the modified Neurological Severity Score/climbing test at various time points before and after MCAO and transplantation. Prior to sacrifice at 1, 7, or 28 days post-MCAO, blood serum was collected for cytokine array analysis. Brains were analyzed for markers of activated microglia (CD11) and reactive astrocytes (GFAP). Administration of either allogeneic (rMSCs) or xenogeneic (hMSCs) stem cells produced a significant recovery of motor behavior after MCAO, with cells delivered at 1 day having greater effect than those at 7 days. Correlated with recovery was an amplification in activated microglia, reactive astrocytes, and new blood vessels in the infarct region, resulting in greater preservation in brain integrity. Concomitantly, expression of blood cytokines/chemokines (IL-13, MMP2, MIP) and growth factors/receptors (VEGF, neuropilin, EPOR, TROY, NGFR, RAGE) were modified following MSC administration. Because only rare GFP-labeled MSCs were observed in the brain, these effects did not depend on the central incorporation of stem cells. The early systemic administration of allogeneic or xenogeneic MSCs soon after experimental stroke produces a structural/functional recovery in the brain which is correlated with an increase in activated brain glia and changes in circulating cytokines and growth factors. Stem cells therefore induce an important neuroprotective and/or regenerative response in the host organism.
Efficient Genetic Modification of Cynomolgus Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells with Lentiviral Vectors
Authors: Li Weiqiang , Liu Chang , Qin Jie , Zhang Li , Chen Rui , Chen Jing , Yu Xinbing , Wu Guifu , Lahn Bruce T. , Fu Yongshui , Xiang Andy Peng
Published: November 2010

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the ability to undergo indefinite self-renewal in vitro and give rise during development to derivatives of all three primary germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm), which make them a highly prized reagent in cell and gene therapy. Efficient introduction of various genes of interest into primate ES cells has proven to be difficult. Here, we demonstrated that the self-inactivating HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors constructed by MultiSite gateway technology are efficient tools for the transduction of cynomolgus monkey ( Macaca fasicularis) ES (cmES) cells. After antibiotic selection, all of the transduced cells can stably express the reporter gene (humanized Renilla GFP or dTomato) while maintaining their stem cell properties, including continuous expression of stem cell markers, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), OCT-4, SSEA-4, and TRA-1-60, formation of embryoid bodies in vitro and teratomas in vivo containing derivatives of three embryonic germ layers. This approach will provide a useful tool for both gene function studies and in vivo cell tracking of stem cells.
In Vitro and in Vivo Analysis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Cryopreserved Umbilical Cord Blood: Are We Ready for Clinical Application?
Authors: Vanneaux Valérie , El-Ayoubi Fida , Delmau Catherine , Driancourt Catherine , Lecourt Séverine , Grelier Aurore , Cras Audrey , Cuccuini Wendy , Soulier Jean , Lataillade Jean-Jacques , Lebousse-Kerdiles Marie-Caroline , Oury Jean François , Sibony Olivier , Marolleau Jean-Pierre , Benbunan Marc , Uzan Georges , Larghero Jérôme
Published: November 2010

Umbilical cord blood (CB) represents a main source of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs). In view of their clinical use, in either the autologous or allogeneic setting, cEPCs should likely be expanded from CB kept frozen in CB banks. In this study, we compared the expansion, functional features, senescence pattern over culture, and in vivo angiogenic potential of cEPCs isolated from fresh or cryopreserved CB (cryoCB). cEPCs could be isolated in only 59% of cryoCB compared to 94% for fresh CB, while CB units were matched in terms of initial volume, nucleated and CD34+ cell number. Moreover, the number of endothelial colony-forming cells was significantly decreased when using cryoCB. Once cEPCs culture was established, the proliferation, migration, tube formation, and acetylated-LDL uptake potentials were similar in both groups. In addition, cEPCs derived from cryoCB displayed the same senescence status and telomeres length as that of cEPCs derived from fresh CB. Karyotypic aberrations were found in cells obtained from both fresh and cryoCB. In vivo, in a hind limb ischemia murine model, cEPCs from fresh and cryoCB were equally efficient to induce neovascularization. Thus, cEPCs isolated from cryoCB exhibited similar properties to those of fresh CB in vitro and in vivo. However, the low frequency of cEPCs colony formation after cryopreservation shed light on the need for specific freezing conditions adapted to cEPCs in view of their future clinical use.
Transplantation of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells Reduces Hepatic Fibrosis in Immunocompetent CCl4-Treated Mice
Authors: Manuelpillai Ursula , Tchongue Jorge , Lourensz Dinushka , Vaghjiani Vijesh , Samuel Chrishan S. , Liu Alison , Williams Elizabeth D. , Sievert William
Published: November 2010

Chronic liver injury and inflammation lead to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to reduce experimental liver fibrosis but have potential limitations, including the formation of dysplastic precursors, tumors, and profibrogenic cells. Other stem-like cells may reduce hepatic inflammation and fibrosis without tumor and profibrogenic cell formation. To test this hypothesis we transplanted human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC), isolated from term delivered placenta, into immunocompetent C57/BL6 mice at week 2 of a 4-week regimen of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) exposure to induce liver fibrosis. Two weeks following hAEC infusion, intact cells expressing the human-specific markers inner mitochondrial membrane protein and human leukocyte antigen-G were found in mouse liver without evidence of host rejection of the transplanted cells. Human albumin, known to be produced by hAEC, was detected in sera of hAEC-treated mice. Human DNA was detected in mouse liver and also spleen, lungs, and heart of some animals. Following hAEC transplantation, CCl4-treated animals showed decreased serum ALT levels and reduced hepatocyte apoptosis, compared to controls. hAEC-treated mouse liver had lower TNF-α and IL-6 protein levels and higher IL-10 compared to animals given CCl4 alone. Compared to CCl4 controls, hAEC-treated mice showed fewer activated collagen-producing hepatic stellate cells and less fibrosis area and collagen content. Reduced hepatic TGF-β levels in conjunction with a twofold increase in the active form of the collagen-degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-2 in hAEC-treated mice compared to CCl4 controls may account for the reduction in fibrosis. hAEC transplantation into immunocompetent mice leads to cell engraftment, reduced hepatocyte apoptosis, and decreased hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.
Suspension Culture of Mammalian Cells Using Thermosensitive Microcarrier that Allows Cell Detachment without Proteolytic Enzyme Treatment
Authors: Yang Hee Seok , Jeon Oju , Bhang Suk Ho , Lee Soo-Hong , Kim Byung-Soo
Published: November 2010

Microcarriers are used to expand anchorage-dependent cells in large-scale suspension bioreactors. Proteolytic enzyme treatment is necessary to detach cells cultured on microcarriers for cell harvest or scale-up, but the enzyme treatment damages the cells and extracellular matrices and complicates the culture process. Here, we fabricated thermosensitive microcarriers from which cells can be detached by temperature change without proteolytic enzyme treatment. A thermosensitive polymer, poly- N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAAm), was incorporated on the surface of Cytodex-3® microcarriers. pNIPAAm-grafted microcarriers allowed human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) to adhere, spread, and grow successfully on the microcarriers as nongrafted microcarriers did. By dropping temperature below 32°C, more than 82.5% of hBMMSCs were detached from pNIPAAm-grafted microcarriers. The trypsin treatment for cell detachment induced apoptosis and death of some of the detached cells, but cell detachment from pNIPAAm-grafted microcarriers by temperature change significantly reduced the apoptosis and cell death. pNIPAAm-grafted microcarriers can significantly reduce cell extracellular matrix damage in the cell detachment process and simplify the cell detachment process by avoiding proteolytic enzyme treatment. pNIPAAm-grafted microcarriers would be valuable to a variety of potential fields demanding a large amount of cells without cell damage, such as cell therapy, tissue engineering, and other biological and clinical applications.
L'exhibitionnisme rituel en question
Authors: Bonnet Gérard
Published: November 2010

Résumé Est-ce que le rite doit obligatoirement s’exhiber, au risque de provoquer ceux qui ne partagent pas les mêmes convictions et d’entraîner des violences ? Avant de répondre à la question, il faut d’abord rappeler que le rite est une pratique sexuelle au sens où la psychanalyse entend la sexualité. Il est à la sexualité idéale, ce que le coït est à la sexualité génitale, et le plaisir de type oral ou anal à la sexualité prégénitale ou pulsionnelle. C’est pourquoi la pratique symptomatique qui se rapproche le plus du rite collectif et qui est le plus à même de l’éclairer en profondeur, ce n’est pas la pratique obsessionnelle, ou le comportement des masses, c’est la pratique perverse. Les analogies entre elle et le rite sont en effet frappantes, et bien des excès rituels équivalent à des formes de perversion : c’est le cas pour l’exhibitionnisme dont il est tant question aujourd’hui. La façon la plus sûre d’éviter de tels débordements, c’est de pousser à bout la comparaison entre les deux pratiques, et de rendre le rite à sa signification propre qui est d’être une parole enchâssée dans une pratique codifiée.
Michèle et la Confirmation
Authors: Falque Odile
Published: November 2010

Résumé la Confirmation forme avec la Baptême et l’Eucharistie un des trois sacrements de l’initiation chrétienne pour la religion catholique. À travers le cheminement d’une adolescente en psychothérapie, la notion du rite est remise en question dans son articulation avec le processus d’adolescence. D’une part, la Confirmation exerce une fonction symbolique par la référence à l’Esprit Saint avec des gestes et des paroles qui inscrivent le sujet adolescent dans une communauté. Elle marque une évolution dans la foi. Elle permet une certaine appropriation de la subjectivation adolescente dans les questionnements autour de l’identité, du paradoxe mort-vie. Elle favorise la filiation par la différence des générations, elle apporte un étayage par les représentants qui transmettent un héritage, elle propose de nouvelles responsabilités. D’autre part, elle ne prend pas en compte les transformations de la puberté comme intégration du corps sexué dans la différence des sexes et elle semble rester dans le registre de l’idéalisation.
La création de rites de subjectivation à l'adolescence
Authors: Arènes Jacques
Published: November 2010

Résumé Les rites de subjectivation à l’adolescence prennent aujourd’hui une configuration inédite, dans une culture où l’initiation, notamment religieuse, s’oriente moins vers la transmission de contenu, et vise la création de soi et la quête de sens. L’article se propose d’analyser les rites contemporains religieux, ou spirituels, de subjectivation à l’adolescence qui sont plus ou moins liés à l’espace collectif. Ces rites de subjectivation constituent la figure générale de rites de création de soi, et « d’autoportance » à cet âge de la vie. Ce type de rite se déploie dans une transitionnalité qui est aussi appel à l’autre. L’exemple de la trajectoire spirituelle d’Etty Hillesum, jeune femme juive morte en 1943 à Auschwitz, dont le journal a eu une immense diffusion, illustre ce thème des rites de création de soi, notamment à travers l’écriture, dans un contexte de « faiblesse » de l’objet de référence du rite, contexte où l’appel à l’altérité demeure néanmoins opérant.
Rites en Islam à l'adolescence
Authors: Yahyaoui Abdessalem
Published: November 2010

Résumé Après avoir fait état de différents rites de passage dans l’islam et la culture arabo-musulmane, nous tentons une interprétation de l’usage des rites religieux par les adolescents issus de l’immigration. La situation migratoire détourne souvent les rites de leurs fonctions de base pour les adapter aux besoins du contexte migratoire.
Le religieux comme expression des imagos, de leur fixité et de leur évolution
Authors: Netter Maurice
Published: November 2010

Résumé Le religieux exprime le monde interne de chacun à la recherche de figurations de son origine collective. Les imagos sont des représentations des liaisons entre le plus intime des perceptions inconscientes et les affects originaires : elles résultent de la mémorisation de ce que le tout jeune enfant perçoit des « personnages » de son environnement et de leurs relations. Le pubertaire amorcera la reviviscence de ces personnages dont l’adolescence modifiera les relations fantasmatiques ; le religieux, pourra donner une forme et un contenant à ces recompositions imagoïques ; comme passage, il peut ainsi conduire à une plus grande liberté intérieure.
Le rapport à la loi et l'exercice de l'autorité : acte éducatif et temps transitionnel
Authors: Gadeau Ludovic
Published: November 2010

Résumé L’auteur met en discussion une forme de dérive dans le rapport à la loi et l’exercice de l’autorité en opposant acte éducatif et réaction éducative. Cette opposition est utile pour élaborer les situations éducatives se situant au voisinage de la perversion. La réaction éducative opérerait dans le registre de la réalité contingente, répondant à une temporalité du registre de l’immédiateté. L’acte éducatif tirerait son pouvoir structurant de ce qu’il se situe essentiellement dans le registre symbolique, gouverné par une temporalité transitionnelle. L’auteur montre que certaines expériences intersubjectives lorsqu’elles sont soumises à une temporalité transitionnelle donnent à l’acte éducatif sa portée structurante.
Abaisser l'âge de la majorité : pour en finir avec l'adolescence
Authors: Huerre Patrice
Published: November 2010

Résumé La manière de faire passer de l’état d’enfant à celui d’adulte au décours de la puberté a beaucoup évolué au long de l’histoire. Les changements physiologiques du corps ont été le plus souvent corrélés au changement statutaire et juridique du sujet. Force est de constater qu’il n’en est plus rien et que, depuis sa création au milieu du XIX e siècle, l’adolescence n’a fait que s’étendre au détriment de la phase de latence en amont et de l’accès à la maturité en aval. Les difficultés que cette situation occasionne pour les adolescents doivent nous inviter à la remettre en question et à proposer un abaissement de l’âge de la majorité.
La passion du dire
Authors: Stitou Rajaa
Published: November 2010

Résumé La pensée gorienne est à la fois animée et habitée par la passion du dire et l’amour de la langue. Deux grandes étapes peuvent se distinguer dans son trajet. La première porte sur l’épistémologie. En effet, l’une de ses préoccupations majeures était d’abord la validité de la psychanalyse comme méthode et comme théorie. Il va ensuite orienter son regard vers ce qu’il en est du sujet en proie au politique et vers les montages anthropologiques par lesquels transite ce qui lie le singulier et le collectif, la subjectivité et le fait culturel. C’est ce qui retiendra alors toute son attention afin d’ouvrir les questions cruciales qui se posent à nous, dans une actualité brûlante, face aux « mutations anthropologiques » et à « la recomposition » des dispositifs permettant aux hommes de se soutenir dans le monde et de réguler les liens entre eux. Mais dans les deux approches, le langage et la parole occupent une place fondamentale. Ils tiennent lieu de boussole.
De quoi Gori est-il le nom ?
Authors: Ben Soussan Patrick
Published: November 2010

Résumé Je souhaitais vous proposer ici une lecture très personnelle de quoi Gori est le nom. Si bien sûr cette approche fait la part belle à ses travaux, en particulier dans le champ de psychanalyse et médecine, elle s’offre aussi quelques détours incongrus vers d’autres territoires, de l’animalité à la parole, de la raison au corps et de la passion au récit. Ce texte veut aussi témoigner de l’ombre portée de Gori sur mon travail et mes propres écrits et des traces parfois fragmentaires et indirectes, mais toujours précieuses, de sa pensée et son œuvre sur quelques-uns de mes balbutiements créatifs tant en périnatalité que dans la clinique du cancer.
« La place de la psychanalyse dans la médecine », selon Jacques Lacan
Authors: Brun Danièle
Published: November 2010

Résumé Reprise et analyse de la conférence de Jacques Lacan au Collège de médecine en 1966 au regard des travaux actuels, et notamment de ceux de Roland Gori et de Marie-José Del Volgo. Danièle Brun reprend les principaux axes de cette conférence en en soulignant les points forts, les excès et leur relative inadéquation dans le champ de la pédiatrie.
La médecine, la psychanalyse et les surprises du psychologue
Authors: Keller Pascal-Henri
Published: November 2010

Résumé Spécialité médicale dont la psychanalyse est issue, la neurologie fait mine aujourd’hui d’ignorer cette filiation. Diverses recherches actuelles en neurobiologie laissent entrevoir les conséquences redoutables d’une telle ignorance. En effet, agir sur les circuits neuronaux du consommateur sans en passer par la parole correspond à leur ambition affichée. L’asservissement de l’humain, dénoncé sous toutes ses formes par Roland Gori, triompherait-il sous le masque de la « neuroéconomie » ? Loin d’être définies une fois pour toutes, les relations entre psychique et organique sont l’enjeu d’un questionnement incessant. Il y va du respect qu’elle se doit à elle-même que la psychanalyse apporte ici sa contribution, loin de tout conformisme et se situant hors de portée de la pensée unique.
Roland Gori : un psychanalyste sensible à la parole des Sourds…
Authors: Meynard André
Published: November 2010

Résumé Cet hommage souligne l’importance de ces quelques-uns sensibles à la transmission désirante et qui, par cet entendement, au sein de l’université parviennent à reconnaître et à soutenir les questions relatives à la clinique psychanalytique. En revenant sur la question de la prise de parole gestuelle des Sourds, sur le silence qui l’entoure et sur la manière dont notre modernité fait taire des sujets en prétendant les soigner, il vise à mettre en perspective les logiques sanitaires de nos modernités ainsi que leurs tendances à fabriquer dès l’enfance des malades à traiter.
Entre le commensurable et l'érotique
Authors: Bonnet Christian
Published: November 2010

Résumé Le texte de Roland Gori est un dispositif rhétorique. Approcher ce dispositif est possible par un autre dispositif : celui de l’Annonciation tel qu’analysé par Daniel Arasse. Les trois composantes de la « perspective » sont rapprochées des trois caractéristiques du texte gorien. Les notions de commensurable et d’incommensurable permettent enfin de lier le dispositif rhétorique à des mouvements transférentiels.
L'évaluation d'un parcours
Authors: Sauret Marie-Jean
Published: November 2010

Résumé Après un bref rappel de la façon dont la route de l’auteur et celle de Roland Gori se sont croisées, l’article récapitule quelques-unes des thèses qui orientent ou découlent des travaux portant sur l’articulation du sujet et du lien social – non sans indiquer en quoi elles participent, à l’occasion du travail de Roland Gori et Marie-José Del Volgo. L’énumération prend son départ dans la conception que la psychanalyse fournit du sujet de la parole, du lien social comme relevant d’un certain usage du discours pour faire tenir lesdits sujets ensemble, et de la distinction avec d’autres modalités du social… Elle situe l’enjeu de la place accordée à l’indétermination du sujet comme condition de l’acte, ainsi que la fonction du symptôme comme solution subjective pour lier la singularité dans un « vivre ensemble ». Elle invite à prendre la mesure de la mutation anthropologique qu’entraînent les changements imposés par les transformations du savoir – et notamment l’avènement du scientisme et de sa collusion néolibérale avec le marché. L’objectif étant, à terme, de contribuer à la discussion des moyens à notre disposition comme à mettre en œuvre – véritable politique qui requiert une logique collective – pour un renouvellement viable du lien social.
Ça moutonne… soumission populaire ou démission ?
Authors: Sigg Bernard W.
Published: November 2010

Résumé Une polémique portant sur la télévision et ses effets négatifs a de nouveau posé la question de la soumission des masses. Son rapprochement avec d’autres formes de démission populaire, à commencer par l’abstention aux scrutins, porte à considérer des facteurs psychologiques et psychanalytiques. Le rôle de la crédulité puis des échecs y est essentiel. Comment accéder alors à une pensée innovante et une représentation de l’avenir ?
Être victime
Authors: Jacobi Benjamin
Published: November 2010

Résumé La victime n’est pas le sujet. Cette assertion vive est développée à partir de deux situations cliniques : l’une concerne une maladie grave, l’autre un abus sexuel. La compassion et l’identification massive sont notamment repérées dans leur effet de délaissement du sujet. Le silence consécutif à l’expérience traumatisante est associé à l’irruption brutale du Réel, il est également envisagé dans une dimension socio-historique. Enfin la mise en exil de l’intime (R. Gori et M.-J. Del Volgo) et la pratique du debriefing sont confrontées aux risques d’atteinte narcissique renouvelés.
Parole d'une enfant « autiste »
Authors: Grollier Michel
Published: November 2010

Résumé À partir du travail sur plusieurs années avec une enfant présentant des troubles autistiques, nous proposons de montrer la potentialité des inventions chez cette enfant qui lui permettent de se créer des partenaires avec qui elle s’approprie le monde. Le rapport particulier du sujet au langage est notamment étudié, à partir des objets et d’une tentative de subvertir des signes en signifiants, occasion d’une articulation créatrice où le sujet peut alors se représenter dans le monde. Ainsi des circuits de pacification de la jouissance du corps s’élaborent et permettent à l’enfant d’affronter l’éventualité de se présenter comme petite fille. La poursuite de ce travail devra interroger les possibilités d’évolution de ces sujets bénéficiant de plusieurs accompagnements.
Pathologie du processus adolescent et attaques de la groupalité
Authors: Pinel Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2010

Résumé À partir du matériel clinique issu de différentes interventions institutionnelles, l’auteur propose une analyse des ressorts intrapsychiques et intersubjectifs associés aux attaques de la groupalité produits par certains adolescents en panne de symbolisation. Il soutient l’hypothèse selon laquelle ces attaques de la groupalité résultent d’un télescopage entre la psychopathologie des sujets accueillis et un délitement des structures institutionnelles, prises dans l’hyperindividualisme contemporain.
Providers, Co-Providers, Commercial Entities, and Sponsors: Keeping Them Straight
Authors: Dickerson Pamela S.
Published: November 2010

There is considerable confusion among continuing education providers about the terms “provider,” “co-provider,” “commercial entity,” and “sponsor.” This column address the differences and why they are important.
Life History Collages
Authors: Buron Bill
Published: November 2010

This study evaluated the effects of person-centered life history collages on nursing staff knowledge about individual residents living with dementia and staff perceptions of individualized care practices. Thirty-six nursing staff participants (18 experimental and 18 control) who cared for 5 residents with dementia in two nursing homes were recruited. Intervention staff members were exposed to life history collages for 4 weeks. Pretest and posttest data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and analysis of covariance. While intervention group members’ knowledge of residents’ family, jobs/careers, and likes/dislikes/interests improved significantly at posttest,
F
(3, 26) = 6.80,
p
< 0.01, and at 3 weeks postintervention,
F
(3, 23) = 9.85,
p
< 0.001, perceptions of individualized care/person-centered care practices did not. Potential reasons for this lack of improvement are identified and discussed. Directions for future research are also provided.
Biometry of the Cornea in Myopic Chinese Patients
Authors: Bao Fang-Jun , Yu A-Yong , Kassem Wael , Wang Qin-Mei , Elsheikh Ahmed
Published: November 2010

Purpose:

To develop a close-fit mathematical model of corneal anterior and posterior topography and investigate the variation of corneal topography with biometric parameters in a group of young adult myopic Chinese patients.

Methods:

Corneal topography data were acquired from 112 eyes of 61 myopic patients (mean age: 24.10±3.66 years). Videokeratoscopic images were recorded for anterior and posterior corneal surfaces using an Orbscan IIz topography system (Bausch & Lomb), and elevation data were fit to ellipsoid, hyperboloid, and paraboloid equations. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, refractive error, corneal curvature, central corneal thickness, and white-to-white distance were also measured and statistically analyzed.

Results:

The ellipsoid equation provided the best fit for the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces in all patients. Corneal asymmetry slightly improved the accuracy of the mathematical model and reduced errors of fit with the clinical data. Strong evidence of right and left corneal symmetry was obtained in the form of similar corneal curvature, shape factor, and thickness values. The refractive error showed strong correlation with axial length (r=−0.586,
P
<.001) but not with corneal curvature or anterior chamber depth, indicating that myopia may be related to scleral stretching and globe elongation rather than changes in corneal curvature or anterior chamber depth.

Conclusions:

Axial length appears to be the main morphological parameter related to myopia. Myopic corneas took the form of a rotationally asymmetric prolate ellipsoid that gradually flattened towards the periphery. The study also provided evidence of symmetry between an individual’s right and left corneas.
Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Management of Glaucoma
Authors: Aref Ahmad A. , Budenz Donald L.
Published: November 2010

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a relatively new imaging technology that is being used for the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. This article presents a review of the specific parameters analyzed by SD-OCT and the diagnostic capability, reproducibility, and limitations of the device. SD-OCT parameters useful for diagnosis of glaucoma include retinal nerve fiber layer analysis, optic nerve head analysis, and ganglion cell complex analysis. These parameters have proven to be at least as equivalent to time-domain technology in terms of diagnostic capability and superior in terms of reproducibility. SD-OCT technology may be limited by signal quality, image artifact, and confounding ocular disease.