bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literary Naturalism in North America:
Authors: Jiménez-Pérez Irati
Published: February 2025

The representation of nonhuman animals in literature has always beencharacterised by a process of anthropomorphisation. On the one hand,this may be due to the traditional human exceptionalism present inWestern cultures in most historical periods; and, on the other hand, to thedifficulty that humans face in imagining other ways of being beyond oown. Thus, literary creations have traditionally tended to fall into theanthropomorphisation of animals; that is, to represent them with humancharacteristics so that “it is possible to give the illusion that theirexperience is being reproduced” (Simons 2002, 116). However, with theestablishment of the animal rights movement in the nineteenth century,works of fiction constituted a way to try to proliferate this animalist poiof view.As a consequence of the rise of scientific knowledge and testablishment of the city as the centre of society, there was a need for anew literary representation of nonhuman animals that enacted theimportance of nature as well as attempted to grasp nonhuman animals.In this study I will analyse Ernest T. Seton’s Monarch, the Big Bear of Tallacand Jack London’s The Call of the Wild to determine if they actuallyintroduce a nonanthropomorphic perspective. In order to do so, I willexamine these works by focusing on appearance, communication andmental life.
Of Birds and Boys:
Authors: Contreras Ameduri Clara
Published: February 2025

Throughout the nineteenth century, women naturalists on both sides ofthe Atlantic used their ornithological nature writing to denounce huntingand promote the protection of birds, especially through environmentaleducation. Such texts reveal significant intersections between toppression of both women and other-than-human animals inandrocentric systems of domination, presenting the defense of avifaunaas an ecofeminist gesture against diverse forms of cruelty configuredtraditionally masculineactivities. Most notably, naturalists such as Neltje Blanchan, Mabel OsgoodWright, or Olive Thorne Miller published nature writing arguing for areconsideration of gender roles in animal welfare activism, especiallyregarding the role of traditional masculinity in ecological destruction. Instark contrast to other children’s books of the time, the works analyzedhere contributed to the deconstruction of the hunter discourse indefiance of gendered attitudes to animal suffering. Insteadperpetuating androcentric dichotomies connecting women to theprotection of nature and men to its domination and destruction, thesepioneering scientists developed eco-pedagogical strategies to teach bothgirls and boys to respect other species, highlighting the crucial role ofresponsible interspecies encounters in the formation of youth culturetowards the turn of the century.
The Dynamics of Agency and Exploitation, Animal-Human Bonds, and the Role of the Gaze in Jordan Peele’s Nope
Authors: Miquel-Baldellou Marta
Published: February 2025

Jordan Peele’s film Nope (2022) addresses issues related to animexploitation for spectacle, while it also underscores the blurringboundaries between human and non-human oppression, since, asSusanne Kappeler (1995) claims, animal oppression interconnects withother forms of domination. Peele’s film also swings between ClauLévi-Strauss’s statement (1963) that animals have often been a projectionof human subjectivity, and Steve Baker’s allusion (1993) to the alienatingqualities attached to animals in cultural representations. Besides, the fiexplores various approaches to the animal-human bond, ranging fromanthropomorphism to animalism and the advent of critical animalstudies. As Derek Ryan (2015) argues, in anthropocentric theories,hierarchical divides between animals and humans are based on eitherundervaluing animal life or inflating the significance of humanity, giway to Peter Singer’s notion of speciesism. In contrast, as Eric Olson (1997)contends, animalism rather asserts that humans are also animals, thusestablishing a mutual interconnection between non-human and humananimals. Finally, as Dawne McCance (2012) claims, from the perspective ofcritical animal studies, the focus shifts from attending to what animalsmean to humans to what animals mean in themselves. Peele’s film alpaves the way for addressing the politics of subjectification acommodification in contemporary ontological debates about animalinsofar as, through the emergence of a new species, the power structuresof the gaze between non-human and human animals are addressed andsubverted. It is the aim of this article to approach Peele’s film Nope ascontemporary ecofictional cinematic narrative by means of exploring tdynamics of agency and oppression involving diverse species, therelations established between non-human and human animals, and thesymbolic trope of the gaze in the culture of spectacle.
Modeling Civilian and Militant Casualties in Asymmetric Wars: The Case of Gaza 2024
Authors:   Operations Research Department, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA, Kress Moshe , MacKay Niall ,   Department of Mathematics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
Published: February 2025

Lanchester-type models for attritional warfare balance military casualties in two opposing forces. In asymmetric wars such as that in Gaza, by contrast, the dominant military force takes few casualties, and the crucial relationship is between casualties among opposing militants and among innocent civilians. We construct and analyze a simple dynamical model in which the proportion β ∈ [0, 1] of effectively targeted, as opposed to indiscriminate, military actions determines the balance between militant and civilian casualties. We derive a conserved quantity which yields an analogue of Lanchester’s laws for this balance, find the general solution of the model, and quantify the effects of variations in levels of targeting effectiveness on civilian casualties. Important conclusions are that every increase in β results in an approximately 1/β(1−β) times greater proportionate reduction in civilian casualties, and that, when militants are a small fraction of the population, the overall percentage of civilian casualties when the militant force has been eliminated is (1−β)/β times the original percentage of militants in the population. We draw some insights regarding the 2023-2025 war in Gaza.
Compensation for deficiency of vitamin D3, calcium and magnesium in sows during the periods of gestation and lactation
Authors:   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Sycheva A.I. , Nikolaev D.V. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Surkova S.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production
Published: February 2025

Purpose. Study of the effectiveness of using feed additive "Ostoferol-calcium" on Landrace sows during the periods of gestation and lactation.
Materials and Methods. Two groups of pregnant sows aged 22-24 months (10 heads in each) were formed 14 days before expected farrowing (first experiment). The animals of control group received water without studied feed additive, the sows of experimental group received feed additive "Ostoferol-calcium" orally with drinking water at the rate of 4 l per 1000 l of drinking water for 7 days, starting 7 days before farrowing. Two groups of sows aged 20-22 months during lactation (10 heads in each) were formed (second experiment). The sows of control group received water without studied feed additive, the animals of experimental group received feed additive "Ostoferol-calcium" orally with drinking water at the rate of 2 l per 1000 l of drinking water daily during the entire suckling period (28 days). The biochemical parameters of the sows' blood were studied to assess the effect of the studied preparation on the physiological state of the experimental animals. Blood was taken from all sows of each group from the vessels of the auricle or from the jugular vein in the morning after 12 hours of fasting for biochemical analysis. All the material presented in the article is calculated using mathematical and statistical methods.
Results. Pregnant sows that received the feed additive with drinking water exceeded their control peers in live weight by 2.8%, had lower live weight losses by weaning of piglets by 18.88% (P≥0.95). The weight of piglets obtained in the experimental group after farrowing of sows exceeded that of the control group by 7.21%. The number of live piglets in the nest in experimental group was 5.3% higher. Sows of experimental group exceeded their control peers in serum Ca content by 14.01% (P≥0.99), magnesium by 26.15%, vitamin D by 28.26% (P≥0.95). The live weight of suckling sows that received the test feed additive by the age of weaning of piglets (28 days) was 2.2 kg higher, live weight loss was 15.21% lower, live weight of the nest was 8.8% higher, survival was 5.34% higher, calcium content in the blood was 11.8% higher (P≥0.95), magnesium was 15.3% higher, and vitamin D was 14.8% higher compared to the control group.
Conclusion. The inclusion of the feed additive in the diet resulted in a reduction in live weight loss in sows during pregnancy, an increase nest weight at weaning and survival of piglets, and an increase in the level of calcium, magnesium and vitamin D3 in the blood of sows during lactation.
Enhancing TRUST in Pain Evidence: The ENTRUST-PE framework. A Summary for Institutions that undertake research.
Authors: O'Connell Neil , Belton Joletta , Crombez Geert , Eccleston Christopher , Fisher Emma , Ferraro Michael C , Hood Anna , Keefe Frank , Knaggs Roger , Norris Emma , Palermo Tonya M. , Pickering Gisele , Pogatzki-Zahn Esther , Rice Andrew SC , Richards Georgia Catherine , Segelcke Daniel , Smart Keith Matthew , Soliman Nadia , stewart gavin , Tölle Thomas , Turk Dennis , Vollert Jan , Wainwright Elaine , Wilkinson Jack , Williams Amanda C de C
Published: February 2025

The ENTRUST-PE project convened an international, interdisciplinary network to develop an integrated framework for enhancing and facilitating the trustworthiness of pain research. This summary outlines the key features of that framework and presents recommendations for Institutions that undertake research.
Hierarchical Tensorial State Representations for Structured Context Learning in Large Language Models
Authors: Mosky Jason , Thistledown Tobias , Tattershall Madeleine , Chesterfield Vivienne , Fanshawe Montgomery
Published: February 2025

The structured representation of hierarchical dependencies within computational models has remained an open challenge, particularly in architectures designed for extended sequence processing. Conventional attention-based mechanisms often struggle to maintain structured long-range dependencies, leading to information fragmentation in tasks requiring multi-level contextual reasoning. A hierarchical tensorial state representation is introduced to address these limitations through structured state propagation, ensuring that contextual dependencies evolve coherently across multiple abstraction levels. The tensorial framework integrates within existing transformer-based architectures, providing a structured alternative to token-wise attention mechanisms without introducing prohibitive computational costs. Empirical evaluations on long-context comprehension and compositional reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that tensorial state propagation improves structured information retention while maintaining stable optimization dynamics. Comparative analyses against conventional self-attention mechanisms indicate that structured tensorial encoding enhances robustness to input perturbations, preserving information coherence across extended sequences. Experiments assessing rare word prediction and multilingual adaptation further reveal that structured state propagation improves contextual inference across diverse linguistic patterns. The structured integration of tensorial state transitions ensures more stable training gradients, reducing the risks of vanishing or exploding gradients in deeper layers.
AI Reliance and Decision Quality: Fundamentals, Interdependence, and the Effects of Interventions
Authors: Schoeffer Jakob , Jakubik Johannes , Vössing Michael , Kühl Niklas , Satzger Gerhard
Published: February 2025

In AI-assisted decision-making, a central promise of having a human-in-the-loop is that they should be able to complement the AI system by overriding its wrong recommendations. In practice, however, we often see that humans cannot assess the correctness of AI recommendations and, as a result, adhere to wrong or override correct advice. Different ways of relying on AI recommendations have immediate, yet distinct, implications for decision quality. Unfortunately, reliance and decision quality are often inappropriately conflated in the current literature on AI-assisted decision-making. In this work, we disentangle and formalize the relationship between reliance and decision quality, and we characterize the conditions under which human-AI complementarity is achievable. To illustrate how reliance and decision quality relate to one another, we propose a visual framework and demonstrate its usefulness for interpreting empirical findings, including the effects of interventions like explanations. Overall, our research highlights the importance of distinguishing between reliance behavior and decision quality in AI-assisted decision-making.
Better early than never: The relative impact of described and experienced information in risky decisions
Authors: Weiss-Cohen Leonardo , Konstantinidis Emmanouil , Rakow Tim
Published: February 2025

When making risky decisions, people can learn about their options through twoinformation formats: descriptive summaries or personal experience. In threeexperiments (N=1037), we investigated choices when both description and experienceare available (‘description-plus-experience’), evaluating the effect of the order in whichinformation is presented, in comparison to experience or description alone. Participantslearned about their options via description, experience, or both. Results showed thatboth sources of information were used when they were both available. The order offormat presentation influenced decisions, with descriptions more influential whendescriptions were presented before experience than when experience precededdescriptions. In addition, observing rare events during sampling did not influencebehaviour when descriptions preceded experience. This research demonstrates thatexperience is consequential even when – in principle – it provides no new informationabout choice options, and illustrates how the timing of descriptive information (e.g.,early warnings) is crucial for maximum behavioural impact.
From Magma Chambers to Magma Oceans: A Unified Model for the Thermo-chemical-mechanical Evolution of Magma Bodies
Authors: Keller Tobias
Published: February 2025

Magma bodies play a critical role in Earth's geological evolution, influencing volcanic activity, crustal differentiation, and planetary-scale processes. Understanding their thermo-chemical and mechanical evolution requires models that integrate fluid dynamics, phase changes, and chemical transport. This study presents a new numerical model that couples these processes using a multi-phase, multi-component formulation. The model simulates convection, phase segregation, and thermo-chemical evolution across a wide range of scales, from crustal magma chambers to planetary magma oceans. To ensure numerical stability and physical realism, adaptive regularisation schemes are implemented, including eddy diffusivity for higher-dimensional turbulent flows and convective mixing diffusivity for one-dimensional column models. Benchmark tests confirm the accuracy of the numerical scheme, and use cases demonstrate its applicability to scenarios such as fractional crystallisation, wall-rock assimilation, and magma recharge on crustal scales, and magma ocean solidification on planetary scales. By providing an open-source implementation, this work aims to advance our understanding of dynamic magmatic systems and their role in planetary evolution.
The relevance of water recirculation in large scale mineral processing plants with a remote water supply
Authors: Ihle Christian , Kracht Willy
Published: February 2025

Water and energy are essential requirements for mineral processing plants, and they can be either scarce or expensive. In the present paper, the implications of a remote water source location (typically the seashore) are analyzed in terms of a definition for the combined water and energy operational cost required to transport ore concentrate using long distance pipelines. A typical process route is defined to expose the relevance of key process variables, including source remoteness and water reclamation both from tailing storage facilities and thickeners. Both mass and energy balances have been made to give an estimation of specific energy consumptions for a typical large scale Chilean mineral processing operations, considering a number of realistic hydraulic design criteria to make a comparative analysis of different plant processing capacities. In the present cost function definition, an account has been made on whether the water is either makeup or has been recirculated on the plant, and a distinction has been made on whether tailings are conventional or thickened, which allowed to analyze the relevance of in-plant water recovery compared to water recovery from the tailing disposal site. This has allowed to express the cost of water in terms of the various energy cost terms, thus showing in this case that the cost of water is ultimately the cost of energy, and therefore all cost components become proportional to the unit cost of energy. A piecewise constant pipeline diameter analysis scheme has been defined to allow studying the implications of water recovery on widely different plant sizes. Results show that for fixed water recovery rates, increasing plant throughput tends to cause a decrease on the specific energy for water transport. On the other hand, for fixed pipeline diameters, increasing the throughput causes an increase on the specific energy consumption, but such increase rate becomes milder at higher throughput rates. This suggests the advantage of the existence of common makeup water supply systems for mining districts with more than one mineral processing plant. On the other hand, for constant pipeline diameters, increasing the water recovery from the tailing disposal site or from thickeners generates a decrease of water specific energy consumption, where in the case of the water recovery from the tailing disposal site such decrease rate becomes stronger with the amount of water recovered. Results also shows that, except for very high solid concentrations, water makeup costs dominate over recirculation ones, supporting that producing thickened tailings is a more efficient option than conventional ones in the sense of specific energy consumption, in spite of the additional energy costs due to slurry transport that this option implies.
Harmless bodily pleasures are moralized because they are perceived as reducing self-control and cooperativeness
Authors: Fitouchi Léo , Nettle Daniel
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Why do many people morally condemn unrestrained indulgence in bodily pleasures—such as gluttony, masturbation, and drinking alcohol—even when these behaviors do not harm others? Leading theories of moral cognition claim that these puritanical moral judgments are independent of cognitive adaptations for reciprocal cooperation. In five pre-registered experiments (N > 3000), we test an alternative hypothesis: that puritanical moral judgments emerge from perceptions that bodily pleasures indirectly facilitate uncooperative behaviors by impairing self-control. In Studies 1 and 2a-b, participants judged that targets who increased (vs. decreased) their non-other-harming sex, food, alcohol, and inactivity would become more likely to cheat, an effect mediated by the perception that they would become less self-controlled. In Study 3, participants judged that relaxing regulations on sex, food, and alcohol in a village would decrease self-control and cooperation in the village, although they judged enforcing puritanical prohibitions even more negatively. In Study 4, participants expected that, in a scientific experiment, a treatment group made to increase their consumption of bodily pleasures would become less cooperative and self-controlled than a psychologically similar control group. In all five studies, the perception that indulgence reduces self-control and cooperativeness was associated with the moral condemnation of harmless bodily pleasures. This provides support for the idea that some purity violations, although they do not directly harm other people, may be morally condemned because they activate cognitive systems designed for reciprocal cooperation.
Enhancing Perceived Effectiveness of Climate Policy to Boost Public Acceptance
Authors: Tiede Kevin E. , Temme Hellen , Lehrer Lena , Betsch Cornelia
Published: February 2025

Because the successful implementation of climate policies requires public acceptance, it is critical to understand the determinants of policy acceptance and ways to boost it. In this research, we aim to test the causality of the effect of perceived effectiveness on policy acceptance. Further, we examine whether providing people with information about a climate policy’s objective effectiveness can enhance perceived effectiveness and, in turn, the policy’s acceptance. In a preregistered experiment (N = 953; T1), participants were asked about the perceived effectiveness and acceptance of a speed limit on German highways. Beforehand, participants in the information condition were provided with details about the speed limit’s effectiveness in terms of CO2 reductions, whereas participants in the control condition did not receive this information. Participants were asked about their perceived effectiveness and policy acceptance again 1.5 years later (T2; n = 334). We found that providing vs. not providing such information led to higher perceived effectiveness but not greater policy acceptance at T1. However, among those participants without prior knowledge of the speed limit’s effectiveness, providing the information positively affected both perceived effectiveness and policy acceptance at T1. Finally, we found a causal indirect effect of intervention (vs. control) on policy acceptance (at both T1 and T2) via perceived effectiveness at T1. Our results suggest that perceived effectiveness is an integral causal determinant of policy acceptance in the climate domain. Explaining the objective effectiveness of climate policies thus poses a promising approach for policymakers to increase public acceptance of climate policies.
People accurately predict the shape but not the parameters of skill learning curves
Authors: Zhang Xiuyuan , McDougle Samuel D , Leonard Julia
Published: February 2025

Decades of research have shown that skill learning often unfolds exponentially — people improve rapidly early on, and then performance gradually levels off. Given how important expectations of learning are for actual learning, we explored whether people accurately intuit this canonical time course of skill learning. Across six preregistered experiments (n = 500), we find that people correctly predict that skill learning curves (error reductions over time) on a novel visuomotor task will follow an exponential decay function, both for an imagined naïve player and for themselves, before engaging with the task. Moreover, people are sensitive to conditions that merit exponential learning within a bounded time frame and only predict these curves when an imagined player puts in effort and the task is not too difficult. However, people systematically misestimate specific parameters of skill learning (e.g., initial and average performance, and rate of improvement), which relates to reduced affect at the beginning of learning. Critically, these negative effects can be ameliorated by practice: Providing people with minimal practice reduces their prediction errors and, in turn, buffers them from negative feelings at the beginning of learning.
Are Bilingual Logical Representations Shared?: Priming scopally ambiguous sentences in English, Estonian, and Dutch
Authors: Slim Mieke Sarah , Katsos Napoleon
Published: February 2025

Do bilinguals use the same logical representations in processing both languages they know if the languages they know diverge on the preferred interpretation of a scopally ambiguous sentence? We investigated this question by studying effects of cross-linguistic influence and priming in the comprehension of scopally ambiguous all...not sentences. In this investigation, we focused on Estonian-English bilinguals, because these sentences are interpreted differently in English compared to Estonian.Across four sentence-picture matching experiments, we firstly observed that bilingual logical representations can be primed within languages (both from L1-to-L1 and from L2-to-L2) and between languages (both from L1-to-L2 and from L2-to-L1). This finding indicates that bilinguals make use of shared logical representations in processing the languages they know, and that logical representations do not specify language-specific biases in the assignment of scope. Secondly, we observed that bilinguals experience bidirectional cross-linguistic influence in the construction of logical representations. This finding suggests that bilingual representations of implicit knowledge about scopal preferences is integrated between the languages they know.
Visual Snow is Susceptible to the Motion Aftereffect
Authors: Montoya Samantha Anne , Hillstrom Anna , Allison Karly , Mulder Carter B. , Moser Hannah , Schallmo Michael-Paul , Engel Stephen A. , Lee Michael S.
Published: February 2025

Objective: For people with visual snow, the visual field is covered in faint flickering specks. Visual snow remains poorly understood and lacks effective treatments. The snow is likely produced by spontaneous (non-stimulus driven) activity in the visual system, but the specific neural mechanisms are not known. We hypothesize that the activity producing visual snow is present early in the visual pathways. Here, we tested whether it reaches motion selective areas, including V5/MT, using the motion aftereffect.Methods: Eleven participants with visual snow syndrome (VSS) adapted to high contrast drifting gratings on the left and right sides of a central fixation point, moving in opposite directions. After adaptation, participants judged motion visible in their visual snow viewed on a blank screen, pressing a button when the motion of the snow on both sides looked the same. The duration of the adapter gratings varied across trials (1.6 - 45 sec). In a control condition, we presented a stationary square wave pattern during the test period to confirm that participants with VSS experienced a typical motion aftereffect for external stimuli. Results: Following adaptation, most participants (10/11) reported that their visual snow moved in the opposite direction of the adapting gratings, as expected for the motion aftereffect. Longer adapter durations resulted in longer-lasting illusions and this relationship was linear on a log-log axis, consistent with the motion aftereffect literature. Conclusions: Visual snow is susceptible to the motion aftereffect, suggesting that the neural activity producing visual snow reaches motion selective neurons involved in perceiving the motion aftereffect, which are believed to include V5/MT. If visual snow arises before area V5/MT, our findings suggest this activity is propagated forward through the visual pathways. Pinpointing the neural origins of visual snow may facilitate the development of novel treatment approaches targeting specific visual brain areas or networks.
Developing NOVA: A Next-Generation Open Vocabulary Assessment
Authors: Schroeders Ulrich , Achaa-Amankwaa Priscilla
Published: February 2025

In psychological assessment, vocabulary tests are commonly used as reliable and efficient indicators of crystallized intelligence, as retrospective proxies for premorbid intelligence, and as measures of language proficiency. However, many of the widely used German vocabulary tests are outdated, proprietary, and lack a clear rationale for item selection. To address these limitations, we developed a new, openly available vocabulary test: the Next-Generation Open Vocabulary Assessment (NOVA). Therefore, we first constructed 110 multiple-choice vocabulary items with support from ChatGPT and administered them to 1,052 German-speaking adults using a multiple-matrix design, along with a declarative knowledge test for validation purposes. In a second step, we used Ant Colony Optimization to compile two parallel 30-item short forms, optimized for reliability and item difficulty and discrimination. The resulting tests assessed vocabulary unidimensionally and reliably, covered a large ability range, and correlated strongly with declarative knowledge. We provide a Shiny app for the calculation of standard values based on individual test results. Additional analyses revealed that 57% of the variance in item difficulties could be explained by word frequency and word length, which may be particularly useful for streamlining the future development of vocabulary tests.
Untenable Cultural Delimitation in Abdulrazak Gurnah’s Paradise
Authors: Panta Shiva Raj
Published: February 2025

This research article attempts to explore and examine cultures and their inability to contain the interests and preferences of the individuals and groups that follow them. The objective of this article is to examine the scenes of cultural prescriptions in the fictional setting. This examination, in turn, yields the claim that cultures cannot accommodate the adherents’ preferences, wishes, and interests. Wolfgang Welsch’s theoretical concept of untenable cultural delimitation is employed in the exploration and examination. A culture, in the pragmatic field, is considered to have its boundary; nonetheless, it does not have the edge, upon closer examination. Untenable cultural delimitation as a concept, thus, refers to the cultures’ failure in setting their boundaries. The corpus of the study is chosen to be Paradise by Abdulrazak Gurnah which discusses the interaction between and among certain cultural groups. The cross-case and within-case analysis for the development of themes is employed. The analytical framework for the exploration has been twofold:  states of undress and the desire for distinctiveness in terms of attires. This framework is representative of the theme of untenable cultural delimitation in that the state of undress is not culturally appropriate and the desire for distinctiveness is a matter of an individual’s aspirations which are not containable in a given culture.  Informed by a research question: What happens to the cultures when the adherents’ interests, preferences, wishes, and interests cannot be accommodated? The study, with the theoretical explanations along with the review and analysis of evidence, establishes that Gurnah’s Paradise is a statement of untenable cultural delimitation. The characters go against the cultural prescriptions thereby perpetuating the notion of the evolutionary nature of a culture. This study turns out to be significant as it contributes to the critical debate on the nature of culture.
An Overview of Dimensions of Learning Organization
Authors: Rai Bijaya Kumar
Published: February 2025

Learning organization (LO) is a new concept in management. It was conceptualized by Senge (1990) and theorized by Watkins and Marsick (1993). Senge proposed 5 dimensions as characteristics, but Watkins and Marsick stated it into 7 dimensions and 2 key performance or output. The main objectives of this study are to postulate, explicitly describe, and provide an overview of the dimensions of learning organizations (DLO). Whereas, it adopted a systematic literature review examining the research method. It is resumed that 19 articles were collected from Google Scholar, Sci-Hub, and Proquest and these were systematically analyzed based on theoretical and behavioral perspectives. The limitations of this study are the applied convenience approach for the collection of articles and the research design method. The dimensions of LO are not far different from the field and organization-wise as there are different learning cultures. The findings show that most dimensions are acceptable, reliable, and valid relationships with an organizational learning culture, and in conclusion, DLO has significance different over the demographically. This study assists all kinds of organizational learning human research development or organizational development by identifying dimensions of LO and developed skills, attitudes, and behaviour of employees and building up continuous competency of the organization in the long term aim.
A Look at Efficient Administration at the Local Level of Nepal
Authors: Bagale Sarmila
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to explore the limitations of Nepali local governments for effective administration constituted by the provisions of the Nepalese Constitution 2015 for strengthening democracy. Local-level public administration aims to achieve efficiency at all levels, providing necessary public goods and services without discrimination based on affordability. However, there are problems in the LGUs of Nepal. Performance should not only be a cost-benefit analysis but also provide value to citizens. In a scarcely available world, understanding efficiency's historical perspectives and future role is crucial. Advancements in technology are expected to significantly influence public administration's evolution. This study collected qualitative data from 5 LGUs in the Kathmandu Valley. A total of 11 in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives and common people from LGUs and 3 federal government officials at both national and local levels. The result shows that there are problems with effective administration at LGUs, which the federal government should address to strengthen the LGs. It delves into understanding that Nepali LGs can deliver services at the local level.
Mathematics Achievement in Secondary Education Examination at Diktel Rupakot Majhuwagadhi Municipality, Khotang
Authors: Bista Chhetri Padam Bahadur
Published: February 2025

This study is undertaken to assess gender(boy and girl), school type [Community School (CS) and institutional school (IS)] and parent condition [parents living together (PLT) and parent living separately (PLS)] differences in mathematics GPA in theory (MG). Data are collected by interview schedule, grade sheet of results of the 2080 Secondary Education Examination (SEE) and from school records. The accessible population was class 10 students from secondary schools in Diktel Rupakot Majhuwagadi Municipality (DRMM) in Khotang District. Five CS and Two IS are selected for the sample purposively. 348 students are selected by census method from sampled school and their grade sheets are downloaded. Out of 348 students, 198 are boys and 150 are girls, 260 students are from CS and 88 students are from IS 195 students studied staying with parents and 153 students studied without staying with parents. Information about gender, school type and parent condition is collected through interviews with head teachers, and mathematics teachers and from school records. It is found that grade grade-wise result of SEE 2080 of DRMM is better than the national level, there is no gender difference in MG of SEE 2080 of DRMM, and there is a significant difference in MG between CS and IS students. Specifically, MG of IS are better than MG of CS, there is a significant difference in MG between PLT and PLS students. Specifically, the Mean of MG of PLT is more than PLS. Findings suggest that educational planners, educators, administrators, parents, teachers and students create an environment of teaching-learning of mathematics like IS in the CS. Parents try to stay with their children and teachers should give more focus to those students who do not stay with their parents while teaching mathematics.
नेपालमण्डलको बज्रयान पूजाक्रियामा धुलेचित्र लेखन
Authors: शाक्य Shakya पुष्प रत्न Pushpa Ratna
Published: February 2025

प्राचीन कालदेखि स्वतन्त्र र स्वअस्तित्व कायम राख्न सफल राज्य नेपालको सर्वप्राचीन चांगुको स्तम्भअभिलेखमा “नेपाल राज्य” उल्लेख गरिएको भए पनि कालान्तरमा नेपालमण्डलका रूपमा प्रसिद्ध यस देशको सीमा नेपालमण्डलको बज्रयान बौद्ध परम्परामा मानिआएका चक्रसम्वर अनुसार पूर्वमा दोलालघाट, दक्षिणमा टीकाभैरव, पश्चिममा धादिङ र उत्तरमा त्रिशुली रहेको मानिन्छ । नेपालमण्डलमा यहाँ लिखित इतिहासको सुरुवातदेखि बज्रयान बौद्ध परम्पराका धेरै विहारहरू निर्माण रहेका छन् । यस परम्परामा निश्चित समयसम्म प्रवर्जित भई बोधिसत्वसंवर शिक्षाग्रहण गरी गृहस्थमा बसेर दान, शील र ध्यान÷समाधि अभ्यास गरी अन्तमा बुद्धत्व प्राप्त गर्ने जीवन शैलीका रूपमा यहाँका बौद्ध परम्परा अनुसार शाक्यभिक्षु भएर पुन आचार्य अभिषेक लिएकालाई बज्राचार्य समूह नै यहाँका संघ हुन् । नेपालमण्डलमा बौद्धधर्मगुरु भनेर चिनिने वहाँहरूले समाजलाई बुद्ध बोधिसत्व मार्ग देखाएर यहाँका विहारहरूसँग आबद्ध गराई उपासकउपासिका समूहहरू बनाएर बौद्ध समाज निर्माणगरी बुद्धशासनलाई निरन्तरता दिइआएका छन् ।
नेपालमण्डलको बज्रयान परम्परामा संस्कार क्रियाहरूका पूजा र पुण्यार्जन पूजा, शान्ति–स्वस्तिपूजा, “गृह प्रवेश पूजा”, “गृह शान्ति पूजा” र “जलयज्ञ” आदि पूजाहरूमा अनिवार्य रूपमा धूलेचित्र÷रजचित्र लेखिन्छ ।  सुक्खा प्राकृतिक खस्रो सेतो ढुङ्गालाई मसिनो धूलो बनाएर सुक्खा र उज्यालो ठाउँ, समथर भूमि, हावा नचलेको ठाउँमा लिपपोत गरेर त्यस पूजास्थलमा दुई औंलाबाट सो धूलो झारेर बनाएको चित्र धूलेचित्र वा रजचित्र हो ।  सामान्य र विशेष रजचित्र गरी दुई प्रकारका धूले रजचित्रहरू स्वयम यहाँको बज्रयान परम्पामा पूजा गर्ने क्रियात्मक गुरुले नै लेखिन्छ । धूलेचित्रको अभाव नेपालमण्डलको बज्रयान परम्पामा गर्दै आएका कुनै पनि क्रियात्मक पूजाक्रियाहरू गर्न असम्भव रहेका हुनाले यो बज्रयान पूजाविधिका अभिन्न अङ्ग हुन् ।
थेरवाद बुद्धधर्मका आधारभूत पक्षहरू
Authors: मानन्धर Manandhar मदनरत्न Madanratna
Published: February 2025

विश्वमा प्रचलित धर्महरूमा बुद्धधर्म एउटा प्रमुख धर्म मानिन्छ । यो धर्मको प्रभाव आज विश्वभरी विस्तार भएको छ । वर्तमान नेपालको दक्षिण पश्चिम तराईमा ई.पू. ६२३ मा जन्मिएका राजकुमार सिद्धार्थ नै बुद्धत्व ज्ञान प्राप्त गरी बुद्ध बनेका हुन् । करिब ४५ वर्षसम्म बोधिज्ञानको प्रचार प्रसार गरी ८० वर्षको उमेरमा देहत्याग गरेका उनको शिक्षाका अनुयायी भिक्षुहरू अर्थात् धर्मका अनुयायीहरू पछि विभिन्न खेमामा विभक्त भए । ती मध्ये थेरवाद परम्परालाई प्राचीनतम मानिन्छ । यस परम्परामा प्रचलित र विद्यमान जीवनोपयोगी, कल्याणकारी शिक्षा, तरिका एवं चर्याले बहुजनलाई हित, सुख र कल्याण गर्नमा मद्दत मिल्दछ भन्ने मान्यता रही आएको पाइन्छ । बुद्धकै समयमा नेपाल भित्रिएको भनि मान्यता पाएको उक्त थेरवाद परम्पराबारेमा प्रकाश पार्नु नै यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखको उद्देश्य रहेको छ र उक्त धर्मबारे जान्न उत्सुक अनुसन्धानकर्ता, विद्यार्थी एवं सर्वसाधारणका लागि उपयोगी हुने देखिन्छ । बुद्धवचन सङ्ग्रहित पालि त्रिपिटकमा मात्र आधारित रहेर तयार गरिएको यस लेखमा विभिन्न विद्वानहरूबाट विभिन्न समयमा लेखिएका वा अनुवाद गरिएका बुद्धधर्म सम्बन्धी प्रकाशित लेखहरूको पनि सहयोग लिइएको छ ।
Comparative Analysis of Legal Protection for Victims of Trafficking in Persons in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Sagita Kenza Putri , Alfarizi M. Ramadhana
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the comparison of laws and legal protection for victims of human trafficking between Indonesia and Malaysia. The focus of the research is on the arrangement of legal protection in the two countries and their similarities and differences. The method used is normative research with a legislative, conceptual, and comparative approach. The results of the study show that both Indonesia and Malaysia have legal protections that include restitution, compensation, and rehabilitation for victims. However, there are differences in the type of crime, the threat of a fine, and the maximum prison rule. The advice given is the need to reform laws in Indonesia related to the protection of witnesses and victims, as has been done by Malaysia
Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess the Impact of Simulator-Based Learning on Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Bovine Reproductive Veterinary Education
Authors: Zanitoni Morgane , Blanco-Murcia Javier , Ortiz-Díez Gustavo , Priego-González Andrea , Munoz-Maceda Ana , Fuertes-Recuero Manuel , Sánchez-Calabuig Maria J.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a questionnaire designed to evaluate veterinary students' satisfaction and self-confidence within the realm of high-fidelity clinical simulation for bovine reproductive diagnostic techniques. The reliability analysis revealed a robust Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of .753 for the entire questionnaire, indicating a high level of internal consistency. A confirmatory factor analysis supported a bifactorial model, affirming appropriate factorial loadings for all items. The model's fit indices demonstrated strong alignment, suggesting the questionnaire's adeptness in accurately capturing students' experiences. The evaluation of satisfaction and self-confidence levels unveiled predominantly positive perceptions overall, albeit with discernible reservations, particularly regarding specific diagnostic techniques. Despite limitations, such as the utilization of a single-site sample, this study establishes the questionnaire's validity and reliability in the context of simulator-based learning. Thus, these preliminary results about students’ confidence underscore the pivotal role of clinical simulation in bolstering students’ skills.
Active Rotation Management: Managing Clinical Veterinary Students in a Community-Based Teaching Model
Authors: Cobb Malcolm A. , Cobb Katy A. , England Gary C. W. , Freeman Sarah L.
Published: February 2025

Distributed or community-based models for delivering clinical teaching to final-year veterinary students are becoming increasingly common. Managing real clinical problems in an authentic clinical environment drives students’ intrinsic motivation and should prepare them more effectively for work in practice at graduation. These models do, however, present challenges, particularly around consistency of delivery and quality assurance management. The community-based model developed and refined at the University of Nottingham School of Veterinary Medicine and Science is different from those used elsewhere. Small groups of students spend two-week blocks in the premises owned by third parties in which they complete their clinical training. In all core clinical teaching sites, the School places approximately one member of the clinical staff per group of students, but students are taught by both School staff and non-School staff employed by the third party. Over the first 13 years of delivering clinical teaching in this model, a process of “active rotation management” has evolved to ensure consistency of the student experience across all the sites used. The challenges and issues presented by this model has led to the development of a series of “dos” and “don'ts” that inform the success of the model. Based on surveys of how well the students and employers feel rotations have prepared them for practice, this model seems to represent an effective method of delivering appropriate clinical teaching.
La libertad cristiana. Lutero y Loyola
Authors: Garza Saldívar Héctor
Published: February 2025

Garza Saldívar, Héctor. La libertad cristiana. Lutero y Loyola. Martín Lutero y san Ignacio de Loyola, uno iniciador de la Reforma; el otro, fundador de la Compañía de Jesús que liderará la Reforma Católica. Ambos viven en el siglo xvi pero en contextos diferentes. No obstante sus diferencias, abren la puerta a una nueva espiritualidad que revitalizará la vida cristiana y a una nueva visión del ser humano. Ambos aportes no sólo fueron fecundos en su tiempo sino que ahora, a 500 años de distancia, alumbran posibilidades de humanidad y, por tanto, de esperanza, a nuestro agotado y, en tantos aspectos, vacío e inhumano mundo actual.
VALIDAÇÃO DO PROCEDIMENTO FAST NA AVALIAÇÃO DE ATITUDES DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS EM RELAÇÃO ÀS REGRAS SANITÁRIAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA
Authors: Dos Santos Silva Cleiton , Reinert Marcelino Madeleine , Chamel Elias Nassim
Published: February 2025

O Function Acquisition Speed Test (FAST) é uma ferramenta utilizada para quantificar relações entre estímulos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o FAST é eficaz para medir atitudes implícitas para comportamentos de saúde pública envolvidos na pandemia de coronavírus em universitários brasileiros. Além disso, verificar se as medidas do FAST teriam correlação com medidas de autorrelato. Os 42 participantes completaram um bloco de tentativas consistente com as orientações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e outro inconsistente. Os resultados mostraram que 24 participantes apresentaram efeito FAST positivo, pois demonstraram aprendizagem mais rápida no bloco consistente e que a maioria destes participantes também indicaram estar de acordo com as regras sanitárias no autorrelato, sugerindo que o FAST parece sensível para quantificar relações entre estímulos relacionados aos cuidados com a saúde.
Pengembangan Desain Peningkatan Kapasitas Kader Posyandu dalam Pencegahan Stunting oleh Yayasan Usaha Mulia di Kabupaten Cianjur
Authors: Putri Milenia Aprilia , Yuliani Dwi , Irianti Decky
Published: February 2025

Kabupaten Cianjur memiliki target untuk mengurangi stunting, yaitu zero stunting. Pengurangan angka pada target ini memerlukan kolaborasi lintas sektor, salah satunya adalah sektor swasta. Yayasan Usaha Mulia (YUM) sebagai salah satu LSM di Kabupaten Cianjur memiliki program pencegahan stunting yang bekerja sama dengan kader posyandu dan Tokoh Masyarakat ™. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan desain rekayasa teknologi guna meningkatkan kapasitas kader posyandu dalam mencegah stunting. Dalam desain akhir ini terdapat materi tentang pencegahan stunting, peran dan hak kader posyandu, langkah-langkah untuk meningkatkan kapasitas kader posyandu dalam perilaku pencegahan stunting. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Participatory Action Research (PAR). Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, studi dokumentasi, dan Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan desain untuk meningkatkan kapasitas kader posyandu dapat berguna dan memfasilitasi pelaksanaan program pencegahan stunting di YUM. Desain ini berisi informasi penting terkait pencegahan stunting dalam hal pengembangan kapasitas seperti pre-post-test, materi pencegahan stunting, sesi berbagi, dinamika kelompok, kampanye sosial, dan simulasi praktis. Pengembangan desain ini diinisiasi oleh YUM sebagai program keberlanjutan