bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation Modelling of Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Double-Skin Facades
Authors: Yang Siliang , Fiorito Francesco , Prasad Deo , Sproul Alistair
Published: May 2021

Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) replaces building envelope materials and provides electric power generator, which has aroused great interest for those in the fields of energy conservation and building design. Double-skin façade (DSF) has attracted significant attention over the last three decades due to its bi-layer structure, which improves thermal and acoustic insulation and therefore increases the energy efficiency and thermal comfort of buildings. It is hypothesised that the integration of BIPV and DSF (BIPV-DSF) would help buildings in reducing energy consumption and improving indoor thermal comfort concurrently. However, the prototype of the BIPV-DSF has not been well explored. Thus, the investigations of the BIPV-DSF are worthwhile. Numerical simulation is a cost and time effective measure for the design and analysis of buildings. This chapter spells out a comprehensive method of numerical simulation modelling of the novel BIPV-DSF system in buildings, which is carried out by using a graphically based design tool – TRNSYS and its plugins. TRNSYS has been validated and widely used in both the BIPV and building related research activities, which are capable in analysing the effects of BIPV-DSF on building performance such as energy consumption and indoor thermal condition.
Biosynthesis Pathways of Vitamin E and Its Derivatives in Plants
Authors: Chaalal Makhlouf , Ydjedd Siham
Published: May 2021

Naturally occurring vitamin E, comprised of four forms each of tocopherols and tocotrienols, are synthesized solely by photosynthetic organisms and function primarily as antioxidants. The structural motifs of the vitamin E family and specifically the chroman moiety, are amenable to various modifications in order to improve their bioactivities towards numerous therapeutic targets. Tocopherols are lipophilic antioxidants and together with tocotrienols belong to the vitamin-E family. These lipid-soluble compounds are potent antioxidants that protect polyunsaturated fatty acids from lipid peroxidation. Biosynthetic pathways of plants producing a diverse array of natural products that are important for plant function, agriculture, and human nutrition. Edible plant-derived products, notably seed oils, are the main sources of vitamin E in the human diet. The biosynthesis of tocopherols takes place mainly in plastids of higher plants from precursors derived from two metabolic pathways: homogentisic acid, an intermediate of degradation of aromatic amino acids, and phytyldiphosphate, which arises from methylerythritol phosphate pathway. Tocopherols and tocotrienols play an important roles in the oxidative stability of vegetable oils and in the nutritional quality of crop plants for human and livestock diets. Here, we review major biosynthetic pathways, including common precursors and competitive pathways of the vitamin E and its derivatives in plants.
Development of New Drugs to TreatTaenia soliumCysticercosis: Targeting 26 kDa Glutathione Transferase
Authors: A. Zubillaga Rafael , Jiménez Lucía , García-Gutiérrez Ponciano , Landa Abraham
Published: May 2021

Taenia solium causes neurocysticercosis, a parasitic infection of the central nervous system in humans. The costs of management, treatment, and diagnosis of patients with neurocysticercosis are high, and some patients do not respond to the currently available treatments. Helminth cytosolic glutathione transferases (GSTs) are essential enzymes involved in the regulation of immune responses, transport, and detoxification. In T. solium, three cytosolic GSTs with molecular masses of 26.5 (Ts26GST), 25.5 (Ts25GST), and 24.3 kDa (TsMσGST), classified as mu-alpha, mu and sigma GST-classes, respectively, constitute the main detoxification system, and they may be immune targets for the development of vaccines and new anthelmintics. We performed a successful virtual screen, and identified I7, a novel selective inhibitor of Ts26GST that showed a non-competitive inhibition mechanism towards substrate glutathione with a Ki of 55.7 mM and mixed inhibition towards the electrophilic substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with a Ki of 8.64 mM. Docking simulation studies showed that I7 can bind to a site that is adjacent to the electrophilic site and the furthest from the glutathione site. This new inhibitor of Ts26GST will be used as a lead molecule to develop new effective and safe drugs against diseases caused by T. solium.
The Need for XR-Measurement of Decision-Making Decline and Conscious-State Transition Impairment before Nonvoluntary Euthanization of Dementia Patients
Authors: Hanna Campbell Farida
Published: May 2021

Non-voluntary euthanization of dementia patients, the majority of whom are severely conscious-state transition-impaired because of both high levels of anti-somnogenic cytokine levels and circadian disruption, indicates the lack of measurement of decision-making decline and conscious-state transition in palliative care settings. This chapter explains why and how to setup medically-meaningful tests to collect these measurements based on environmental-interactive parameters of nonconscious testing in circadian calibrated XR or virtual reality platforms. It also mentions worthy opportunities in relationship to the Human Connectome Project, including the Alzheimer’s Disease Connectome Project.
Present Status and Future Prospects of Drought Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Jaldhani Veerendra , Senguttuvel Ponnuvel , Srikanth Bathula , Raghuveer Rao Puskur , Subrahmanyam Desiraju , Sanjeeva Rao Durbha
Published: May 2021

Rice is an important staple food crop across the world. It is mainly cultivated under irrigated lowland and also rain-fed upland conditions where drought stress is often noticed. Global climate change predicts an intensification of drought stress in future due to uneven rainfall which was witnessed for the last few years. Confronting drought stress can deliver fruitful crop returns in rice and scope for research extents. Drought stress affects the overall plant growth and yield. A prominent improvement has been made during last two decades in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in adaptation and tolerance to drought stress in rice. In order to achieve the marked crop returns from rainfed areas, there is a requisite of drought tolerant rice varieties, and genetic improvement for drought tolerance should be a prime area of concern in the future. A huge rice germplasm is available and good number of the germplasm possess drought tolerance and these genomic regions have been exploited in developing some drought tolerant rice varieties. The application of available genotyping methodologies, the identification of traits of interest, and key genetic regions associated with the drought tolerance have opened new prospects to successfully develop new drought tolerant varieties. This chapter deals with the importance of drought tolerance in rice crop followed by the evolution of molecular markers and breeding techniques in identifying drought tolerant QTL’s/genes and their utilization in the improvement of drought tolerant rice varieties.
Robotic Surgery for the Thoracic and Vascular Surgeon
Authors: Berzenji Lawek , Yogeswaran Krishan , Lauwers Patrick , Van Schil Paul , M.H. Hendriks Jeroen
Published: May 2021

In the last two decades, robotic-assisted approaches have gained popularity as alternatives to conventional open and minimal-invasive surgery (MIS). The robotic approach combines the concepts of the traditional MIS with the latest technological advancements, enabling the surgeon to control the instrumentation using a robotic device connected to a remote console. With this approach, the surgeon obviates the known drawbacks of conventional MIS, such as the reduced in-depth perception and hand-eye coordination. Since its introduction, numerous robotic-assisted procedures have been developed and tested across nearly all surgical fields. Data from previous studies have shown that a great majority of these techniques are feasible and have favourable treatment outcomes. In the field of thoracic and vascular surgery, two disciplines often combined in Belgium, robotic approaches have been implemented in the treatment of a wide array of disorders including lung cancer, mediastinal tumours, thoracic outlet syndrome, diaphragmatic paralysis, sympathectomy, aortobifemoral bypass surgery and division of the arcuate ligament for median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS). Despite this increasing popularity, there are still a number of controversies regarding robotic surgery. There are only limited data on the cost-effectiveness of robotic surgery and its objective proven benefit over conventional MIS. In this review, we summarise the latest data on robotic approaches for the most relevant thoracic and vascular disorders.
Lipid Peroxidation and the Redox Effects of Polyherbal
Authors: Oluwafemi Ezekiel Kale
Published: May 2021

The use of more than one herb in a medicinal preparation also known as polyherbal has increased geometrically in recent times. Over a hundred thousand scientists have cited “herbal” to strengthen its ethnopharmacological relevance in literature. Polyherbal (PH) is effective potential therapeutic compound used globally to treat oxidative stress-induced injuries which give credence for their traditional applications. However, some issues related to safety and adverse reactions due to PH have raised important public health debates. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) assay is widely used to assess the toxic endpoint of PH. This paper discusses some important roles that PH plays during oxidation–reduction processes.
Childhood Hearing Loss in Developing Countries: From Multidisciplinary Team Work to Public Health
Authors: Msume Banda Francis , Nakstad Britt
Published: May 2021

This chapter will highlight the common causes of hearing loss in children and emphasize on the fact that most of the hearing loss is due to causes that are preventable. We know that hearing loss in childhood not only impacts on the child’s learning and social interaction with the child’s peers and society, but also has economic implications when the child grows into an adult. Public health awareness is therefore paramount in preventing a large chunk of the hearing gloss and therefore greatly contributes to making sure that the child grows into a productive citizen of the society that the child grows or lives in.
Postoperative Follow-Up and Recovery after Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Stefanita Mogoanta Stelian , Paitici Stefan , Aurelia Mogoanta Carmen
Published: May 2021

Postoperative patient care has several components: - surveillance, − prevention of complications associated with surgical disease or other preexisting comorbidities, − specific postoperative treatment of the surgical disease and its complications. While these distinctions are purely didactic, the postoperative care merges into an active surveillance with a higher level of standardization than it would seem at first glance. Computing, interpreting and integrating signs and symptoms with active search of proofs by lab tests or other paraclinical explorations highly depends on skills and dedication of the entire healthcare team. Those attributes gained through continuous theoretical preparation but validated by current practice bring added value, always in favor of the patients’ best interests. In this chapter, we propose to explore the main clinical and paraclinical means and tools that can improve the outcomes of surgical procedures for a faster and safer recovery. We will also discuss the need for different types of surgical bed drains placement and their management, the use of antibiotics and thrombotic event prophylaxis.
Challenges in Drug Discovery against Tuberculosis
Authors: Dwivedi Manish , Giri Priya
Published: May 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadly diseases in the present era caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Principally, this bacterium attacks the lungs, however, MTB Has been observed affecting any part of the human body including the kidney, spine, and brain. Drug-resistant progression and other associated properties of MTB become a major hurdle in drug discovery to fight against tuberculosis. Moreover, some of the challenging situations such as the low range of chemical agents, the time-consuming process of drug development, the shortage of predictive animal models, and inadequate information of the physicochemical evidence required for effective bacterial penetration, are additional hindrances for the pharmaceutical scientist. In the current chapter, we focus on challenges encountered during drug discovery and need to be overcome as M. tuberculosis has a substantial barrier in its lipid-containing cell wall to inhibit the influx of drugs which is the initial requirement of the drug to show its therapeutic effect. There is also an immediate need for efficient vaccine development which may show its effect on adolescents and adults along with infants. Investigation on key bacterial targets has been troublesome, in light of the vulnerability around the microenvironments found in vivo and subsequently, the importance of exceptional metabolic pathways. The manuscript is prepared after the extensive literature survey to explore the vigorous approaches in novel drug designing and in proposing potent drug targets. The re-engineering and repositioning of prominent antitubercular drugs are required to attain viable control.
Bibliometric Analysis of Cyber Threat and Cyber Attack Literature: Exploring the Higher Education Context
Authors: Rahim Nazahah
Published: May 2021

In nearly all procedures involving students and faculty, higher education organizations make substantial use of computers and the internet. Little is known on the progress and development of literature on cyber threats and cyber attacks in this sector. This chapter fills this gap by examining the trends of literature on cyber threats and cyber attacks focusing on the higher education. Bibliometric analysis through Scopus database was employed to offer research ideas and trigger debates. Analyzed parameters include the number of document types, publications, authorship, citation, and subject areas, as well as the topographical dispersion of published research. The earliest publication could be seen in the year 2003, and since then 606 papers were published. The majority of publications were conference papers but merely 8.42% of those were open access. The results indicate that publications hit a plateau in 2018, with English becoming the main publication language. The most prominent country that has contributed to the literature is the United States. Nonetheless, the majority of the publications were contained by the subject area of Computer Science, hence it is relatively challenging to trace the progress in education context. This chapter presents a groundwork providing insights for others to probe into the topic further.
The Relationship Between Transthoracic Echocardiography Findings, Localization of Stroke, and Risk Factors in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: UZUNKÖPRÜ Cihat
Published: May 2021

Objective: Ischemic stroke is one of the common neurological pathology. Identifying the risk factors and treating cardiac pathologies play an important role in preventing ischemic stroke stroke. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between transthoracic echocardiography findings, localization of ischemia and the etiology of stroke.

Methods: We included 149 patients with ischemic stroke who were followed up at Neurology Department of İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital between January 2018-January 2019. Demographic characteristics of the patients, etiology and localization of stroke, presence of cardiac arrhythmias, and transthoracic electrocardiography findings were recorded and the relationship between these parameters were examined.

Results: We enrolled 81 female (54.4%) and 68 male (45.6%) patients in this study. The mean age was 68.0312.35. 84.6% of the patients have atherosclerotic and15.4% have cardioembolic stroke. The most common risk factor was hyperlipidemia. Atrial fibrillation was detected in 21.1% of the patients. While atrial fibrillation was more common in patients with cardioembolic stroke, smoking was more common in patients with atherosclerotic stroke. Although most patients had multiple risk factors prior to stroke, almost half of the patients did not use any antiaggregant or anticoagulant therapy. Cardioembolic strokes were positively correlated with greater left atrium width. There was no correlation between transthoracic electrocardiography findings and stroke location.

Conclusion: Determination of risk factors in patients with ischemic stroke, investigation of cardiac pathologies, and applying appropriate treatments are important in terms of preventing both new and recurrent stroke development.
The effect of ultrasound-guided suction curettage on reproductive outcomes in patients with cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: SUCU Seyhun
Published: May 2021

Objective: This study aims to evaluate reproductive and pregnancy outcomes in patients with cesarean scar pregnancies (CSP) treated by suction curettage.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 85 patients with CSP treated by suction curettage in a university hospital between 2013-2017. Reproductive status of the patients who could be reached by phone was inquired at 6-month intervals for three years.

Results: Hospital records and telephone follow-up data of the 44 patients who completed follow-up were analyzed. Nineteen patients did not desire pregnancy, while 25 patients reported wishing to conceive again. Twenty-three of these patients (92%, 23/25) conceived spontaneously, 2 of them (8%, 2/25) unable to conceive due to unexplained secondary infertility. Mean length of time from CSP to subsequent pregnancy was 12.3 months (range 2-36 months). Of these pregnancies, 11 (47.8%, 11/23) resulted in birth without any obstetrical problems. Six patients (26%, 6/23) experienced miscarriage, and three patients (13%, 3/23) recurrent cesarean scar pregnancies. Two patients (8.6%, 2/23) had abnormal placental invasion and one patient (4.3%, 1/23) tubal ectopic pregnancy. The live birth rate among the pregnancies was 52.1% (12/23).

Conclusion: There is no consensus on the primary treatment regarding the reproductive outcomes. Suction curettage is a successful, reliable, inexpensive and easily applicable treatment when appropriate patients are selected. Furthermore, it has a minimal negative effect on fertility, so it can be considered as a first-line treatment option in patients who wish to have children in the future.
Postmenopozal Kadınlarda Kemik Mineral Dansitometri Değerleri ile Hematolojik Parametrelerin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: GÜZEL Yunus
Published: May 2021

Öz

Amaç: Postmenopozal kadınlarda hemogram değerleri, nötrofil lenfosit oranı, trombosit lenfosit oranı ve kemik mineral dansitometri değerleri arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirerek hangi parametrenin kemik mineral dansitometri değerleri ile daha güçlü bir ilişki içinde olduğunu belirlemeyi amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada vücut kitle indeksi 25-30 arasında değişen, 50-60 yaş arası 64 postmenopozal kadın hastanın kemik mineral dansitometri değerleri, nötrofil lenfosit oranı, trombosit lenfosit oranı ve hemogram parametreleri (beyaz kan hücresi, kırmızı kan hücresi, hemoglobin, platelet, lenfosit, monosit, basofil, nötrofil, eosinofil) geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Kemik mineral yoğunluğunu veya hemogram değerlerini etkileyebilecek klinik durumlar (akut ve kronik enfeksiyonlar, onkolojik, romatolojik ve hematolojik hastalıklar, kronik karaciğer ve böbrek hastalıkları, hiperparatiroidi, hipotiroidi, hipertiroidi, D vitamini eksikliği, steroid kullanımı ve son 1 yıl içerisinde geçirilmiş travma veya kan transfüzyonu öyküsü) çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Daha sonra kemik mineral dansitometri değerleri ile hematolojik parametreler arasında korelasyon analizi yapıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmamızda platelet lenfosit oranı ile femur boynu kemik mineral dansitesi, femur boynu Z skoru ve femur boynu T skoru arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı negatif korelasyon saptandı (p=0.004, r=-0.353; p=0.005, r=-0.344; p=0.004, r=-0.359, respectively). Ayrıca monosit değerleri ile femur boynu kemik mineral dansitesi, femur boynu Z skoru ve femur boynu T skoru arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif korelasyon saptandı (p=0.030, r=0.272; p=0.038, r=0.259; p=0.022, r=0.285, respectively). Nötrofil lenfosit oranı ile kemik mineral dansitometri parametreleri arasında ilişki saptanmadı.

Sonuç: Yüksek platelet lenfosit oranı ve düşük monosit değeri, menopoz sonrası kemik dansite oranlarındaki değişimleri tahmin etmeye yardımcı olmak için kullanılabilecek basit belirteçler olabilir.
Küçük ve Dev Ensefalosellerin Etiyolojik Faktörler ve Peroperatif Süreç Açısından Karşılaştırılması
Authors: AYDIN ÖZTÜRK Pınar
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Ensefaloseller konjenital nöral tüp defeklerinden olup beyin ve/veya meninkslerin kafatasındaki bir defektten dışarı çıkması ile karakterizedir. Ensefalosel kesesinin kafadan büyük olduğu olgular ‘dev ensefaloseller’ olarak adlandırılırlar. ‘Dev ensefalosel’lerin yönetimi küçük keseli ensefalosellerden oldukça farklıdır. Bu çalışma ile küçük ve dev ensefaloseller karşılaştırılarak etiyolojik ve peroperatif yönetim açısından karşılaştırılmıştır.

Yöntemler: Hastanemizde yenidoğan döneminde opere edilen ensefaloseller boyutlarına göre iki gruba ayrılarak ayrı ayrı ve karşılaştırılmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya ensefalosel nedeniyle opere edilen 32 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların %62,5’i kız bebek, %37,5’i erkek bebektir. Hastaların %15,6’sında ‘dev ensefalosel’ mevcuttu. Hastaların %53,1’inde kese içerisine herniye olmuş nöral doku mevcuttu. Hastaların %21,9’unda ek anomali mevcuttu. Hastaların %65,6’sında doğumda veya bir yıllık takip süresinde şant takılmasını gerektirecek ventriküler dilatasyon saptanmıştır. Kese boyut ortalaması 74.6±110.3 cm² olarak saptanmıştır. Kese boyutu arttıkça defisit gelişme riski daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p = 0.023).

Sonuç: Ensefaloseller peroperatif süreci multidisipliner bir anlayışla iyi yönetilmesi gereken bir hasta grubudur. Her ne kadar ‘dev ensefaloseller’in postoperatif süreci diğer ensefalosellerle aynı olsa da preoperatif hazırlığın dikkatli yapılması, anestezi ve cerrahi ekibin koordine çalışması diğer ensefalosellere göre yüksek olan peroperatif komplikasyon riskini azaltacaktır.
Kanser Tanısı Almış Hastalarda Kemik Metastazlarının Belirlenmesinde Kemik Sintigrafisi ile Kemik Spesifik Alkalen Fosfataz ve Total Alkalen Fosfataz Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ALTINDAĞ Serdar
Published: May 2021

Giriş: Hayatı tehdit eden bir sağlık sorunu olan kanserlerin takibinde metastazların erken tespiti önemlidir. Kanserlerin kemik metastazlarının belirlenmesinde kemik sintigrafisi önemli bilgiler veren ve öncelikle tercih edilen bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmamızda kemik sintigrafisiyle iskelet sisteminde metastaz saptanan hastalarda, kemik spesifik alkalen fosfataz (bALP) ve total alkalen fosfataz (tALP) değerlerinin kemik sintigrafisi bulguları ile uyumunu göstermeyi amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Patolojik olarak kanser tanısı almış 92 hastaya rutin Tc-99m HDP ile kemik sintigrafisi çekildi. Hastaların bALP ve tALP değerleri çalışıldı. Sayısal verilerin istatistiksel analizleri için SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 15.0 paket programı kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Doksan iki hastanın 54’ünde kemik sintigrafisinde kemik metastazı tespit ettik, 92 hastanın 38’inde ise metastaz tespit etmedik. Sintigrafik olarak kemik metastazı saptadığımız hasta grubu ile kemik metastazı saptamadığımız hasta grubu arasında bALP ve tALP değerleri açısından anlamlı fark bulduk (p
COVID-19’lu Hastalarda Tedaviye Bağlı Karaciğer Hasarı Gelişme Sıklığı, Favipravir bu Tabloda ne Kadar Etkili?
Authors: EBİK Berat
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Çalışma amacımız; COVID-19 tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçların karaciğer fonksiyon testleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemek ve hastalarda tedavi sırasında ilaca bağlı karaciğer hasarı (İBKH) gelişim sıklığını araştırmaktır. Ayrıca literatürde karaciğer üzerindeki etkisiyle ilgili çok fazla veri olmayan favipravirin; COVID-19 tedavisinde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaya başlanmasıyla gelişen karaciğer fonksiyon bozukluklarının favipravir ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza 2020 Nisan-Eylül döneminde PZR (polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu) testi ile COVID 19 tanısı konulan ve hastanede yatarak tedavi gören 1301 hasta aldık. Önceden bilinen kronik karaciğer hastalığı olanları, COVID-19 sırasında sitokin fırtınası, sepsis ve iskemik hepatit gelişen hastaları çalışmaya almadık. Hastaları kullandıkları ilaç tedavisine göre gruplara ayırdık. Gruplar arasında, karaciğer fonksiyon bozukluğu ve İBKH gelişen vaka sayısında fark olup olmadığını inceledik.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya aldığımız 1301 hastanın %50.2 sinde tedavi sırasında ALT-AST yüksekliği gelişmesine rağmen bu yüksekliklerin %45.3’ünün hafif ve orta düzeyde enzim artışı olduğu görüldü. Hastaların %4,9’unda İBKH gelişti. Sadece favipravir alan hastaların %1,1’inde İBKH gelişmesine karşın; favipravir+antibiyotik alan hastalarda bu oran %8,7 idi.(p
Deneysel Diyabetik Sıçan Modelinde Zamana Bağlı Gelişen Kemik Dokusundaki Değişikliklerin İncelenmesi
Authors: KEŞİM Dilek Aygün
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Streptozotocin (STZ) ile oluşturulan diyabetin, kemik metabolizması üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmada 28 adet 350-400 gr ağırlığında Wistar albino türü erkek sıçanlar kullanıldı. Her bir grupta 7 adet sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar 2 haftalık kontrol ve diyabet (streptozotocin), 8 haftalık kontrol ve diyabet olmak üzere toplam 4 gruba ayrıldı. Diyabetli gruplara tek seferlik streptozotocin 45 mg/kg doz karın boşluğuna enjekte edildi. Sıçanlar belirlenen haftalarda ketamin anestezisi altında kardiyak ponksiyonla feda edilerek, kan ve sağ tibia örnekleri alındı. Tibiaları hemotoksilen boya ile boyanıp, histopatolojik görüntüleri elde edildi. Tibia uzunlukları ölçülüp kaydedildi. Kan serum örneklerinden vitamin D, kalsiyum, magnezyum, fosfat ve alkalen fosfataz değerleri ölçüldü.

Bulgular: Hem iki hem de sekiz haftalık diyabetik grupların kendi kontrollerine kıyasla vücut ağırlığında anlamlı azalma göründü (p
Lumbal Disk Hernili Hastalarda Hastalık Evresi Postüral Kontrolü Etkiler Mi?
Authors: SOYSAL TOMRUK Melda
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Lumbal disk hernisi (LDH) genellikle L5-S1 düzeyinde meydana gelen, ağrı ve somatosensöriyel kayıplara neden olan bir durumdur. Bu nedenle hastalarda postüral kontrolde azalmalar meydana gelir. Çalışmanın amacı LDH hastalarında hastalık evresinin postüral kontrole etkisini araştırmaktı.

Yöntemler: Çalışma kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Çalışmaya bulging evresinde 22, protrüzyon evresinde ise 33 hasta olmak üzere L5-S1 seviyesinde LDH olan 55 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların ağrı, özürlülük ve postüral kontrolleri sırasıyla; Görsel Ağrı Skala (GAS), Oswestry Özürlülük İndeksi ve Biodex denge cihazı ile ölçüldü. Postüral kontrol değerlendirmesi için kararlılık sınırları (KS) ve duyusal etkileşim denge testi (DEDT) kullanıldı. Gruplar arası farklar, Student’s t test testi ile belirlendi.

Bulgular: Gruplar arasında yaş, hastalık süresi, ağrı ve özürlülük düzeyi açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0.05). Bulgingi olan grubun sol yön KS test skoru protrüzyon evresinde olan hastalardan anlamlı ölçüde düşüktü (p
Public debt changes in Serbia from 2008 to 2018
Authors: Bakić Sanja
Published: May 2021

Public debt are all direct and indirect financial obligations assumed by the government. The continuous increase in public debt and budget deficits is a characteristic of modern market economy of many countries. The paper offers an analysis of Serbia's public debt fluctuations from 2008 to 2018. Besides the public debt levels, we have analyzed public debt structure and the impact of its segments on public debt fluctuations. The main conclusion is that the level of public debt is an extremely important factor which affects Serbian economy and industry. If the public debt is continually kept within reasonable limits in the long run, it can enable sustainable economic growth.
Freedom Quilts: Mathematics on the Underground Railroad
Authors: Neumann Maureen D.
Published: May 2021

Examine the geometric properties involved in making different quilt patterns and the cultural significance these quilts hold for Africans on southern plantations escaping to freedom. Lesson ideas with mathematical and multicultural connections are provided for classroom teachers.
Math Riddles: Helping Children Connect Words and Numbers
Authors: Sherrill Carl M.
Published: May 2021

Student-written math riddles provide worthwhile mathematical tasks that support the learning of important concepts as they engage and challenge children. Procedures for classroom teachers to use, guiding students as they create math riddles for their classmates to solve are presented.
Reflecting Shapes: Same or Different?
Authors: Schoffel Jessica L. , Breyfogle M. Lynn
Published: May 2021

How a first grade class is introduced ato the concept of symmetry. The lesson includes activities for classroom use on developing recognition of objects that have symmetry, as well as visualization of both horizontal and vertical lines of symmetry.
Akeem's Story: Discovering Mathematical Precociousness
Authors: Bossé Michael J.
Published: May 2021

The author recounts events surrounding a mathematically precocious four-year-old in a college algebra class. This story is used to demonstrate that even very young students can develop mathematical understanding well beyond anticipated educational norms when provided with appropriate and stimulating tasks and support. Learn how to stimulate mathematical thinkers at many different levels.
Revolutionary events of 1917 in the party historical policy of modern Russia
Authors: Timshina Ekaterina Leonidovna
Published: May 2021

In the Soviet Union, the Great October Socialist Revolution was regarded as the key event in history of the country, performing the role “founding myth”. Despite the fact that three decades have passed since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, there is yet no uniform opinion to neither February nor October revolutions. Modern parties have expressed their attitude towards the events of 1917 within the framework of their historical policy. The author analyzes the attitude of the parties towards revolution, and determines the peculiarities of the image of the past they formed. The official occasion of the centenary of the Revolution. The author concludes on the absence of the unified approach of modern parties towards the revolutionary events of 1917. The parties have been divided into three groups: supporters of the October and supporters of the February single out one of the revolutions, placing emphasis on its achievements; “evolutionists” demonstrate a negative attitude towards the events of 1917, believing that the revolutions distorted the natural course of events in Russia. Among major parties, only United Russia could not formulate a clear attitude towards revolution, reducing it to the formula of “consent and reconciliation”. It can be expect that political parties will continue to develop their own historical policy.
Rib fractures, a public health issue-a multi regional retrospective study
Authors: Drăgan Irina , Petrache Ioan Adrian , Păvăloiu Valerian Cristian , Giuliano Petruț , Mîndrilă Ion , Demetrian Alin Dragoș , Cârțu Dan , Marinescu Daniela , Șurlin Valeriu
Published: May 2021

We performed a retrospective study focusing on examining all rib fracture cases discharged from 4 thoracic
surgery clinics in Romania. Over a period of 3 years, we analyzed data regarding the patients, diagnosis and
number of days spent in the hospital. 2.417 patients were included in this study and all patient evolutions
were taken into account. The most patients suffered from multiple rib fractures, involving four or more ribs. In
total average hospital stay was 5.46 days. The pneumothorax was the most common encountered
complication followed by hemo-pneumothorax, hemothorax and lung contusion. Men seem to be at a higher
risk to develop a rib fracture than women. Fracture incidence increased with age in both sexes. The main goal
when treating thoracic traumatic pathology is attaining less impairment of pulmonary functions and fast social
reintegration. Management of rib fractures must be tailored to each individual case.
Gastric GIST with progressive mitotic index
Authors: Bradea Costel , Lupascu Cristian , Munteanu Valentina , Ciobanu Delia , Cucu Catalina , Bejan Valentin , Vasilescu Alin
Published: May 2021

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) account for less than 1% of gastrointestinal
tumors;they are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal(GI) tract. GISTs are
usually located in the stomach,but can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract.GIST ranks third as
histology after adenocarcinomas and lymphomas among the gastrointestinal tract.Case presentation.The
patient, aged 58 years, is transferred from the Gastroenterology Clinic with symptoms of stenosis and
hemorrhage from a endophytic submucosal tumor located on the posterior gastric wall, under the eso-gastric
junction, objectified endoscopically and CT scan. Laparoscopic wedge resection was performed with three
linear Endo-GIA staplers. The evolution was favorable. After 7 months (without chemotherapy because pTNM
was T1NoMo), the patient is sent back by the gastroenterologist for „CT scan:perigastric lymphadenopathies”.
The patient was operated laparoscopically converted.We found 10 tumors with typical malignant GISTs 3-10
cm diameter,on the peritoneal serosa:in the right subhepatic space, perigastric, left interhepato-phrenic,
hepato-gastric;these were excised R0; with simple evolution. The immuno-histo-chemical examination
specifies the diagnosis of GIST at the first and the second operation (DOG1,CD117,CD34-positively in
tumor).Ki 67 was 15% in the tumor and the mitotic index <5/5 square mm at the moment of the first operation
but in the metastatic tumor at the reintervention Ki 67 was 80% and mitotic index >5/5 square
mm.Discutions.GIST tumours can be classified into low-risk and high-risk categories of recurrence
depending on size, location, capsule rupture and mitotic activity. Disseminated metastases in the abdominal
cavity are the most common clinical manifestations of malignancy. Complete surgical resection is
recommended if bleeding or other symptoms are present. Tumour perforation, spontaneous or produced at
the time of surgical resection, should be recorded because it has a high negative prognostic value due to
peritoneal contamination. The average survival rate in localized disease is 5 years but in metastatic or
recurrent disease is about 10-20 months. Conclusion. Complete excision of residual metastatic lesions has
been shown to be associated with a favourable prognosis, provided that the patient responds to imatinib
treatment; resection of tumour recurrence is accompanied by an average survival of 15 months. Gastric GIST
recurrence risk depends of localisation, tumor size, mitotic index and capsular rupture.
The history of orthopedics and traumatology in Iasi
Authors: Georgescu Nicolae
Published: May 2021

In Iasi, Orthopedics-Traumatology later appeared as a distinct specialty. In a first stage, orthopedics
developed in surgical clinics - the period of surgical clinics (1879-1970). In each surgical clinic there were
surgeons who dedicated themselves to orthopedic pathology: Radu Dimitrie, Theodor Căpățînă (Surgery I),
Filimon Cicerone, Eusebiu Neagoe, Iulian Grădinaru (Surgery II), Paul Trosc (Surgery III). In 1967, at the
Charity Hospital, two surgical services were carried out: The Surgery and Children's Orthopedic Clinic (Th.
Economu) and the Osteoarticular Tuberculosis Clinic (A. Berneaga). Also, this year, 1970, in Iasi, the
construction of a new medical unit will be completed - the Children's Hospital where the Clinic of Pediatric
Surgery and Orthopedics will be moved. The Charity Hospital is disbanded and the Emergency Clinical
Hospital will be established on the site of the former establishment. A second period begins - the transition
period (1970-1983) - characterized by the search for optimal solutions, which involved changes and
temporary until the establishment of orthopedic clinics. The newly established unit, the Emergency Clinical
Hospital, was designed to include three departments: General Surgery IV (I. Jitaru), Medical Clinic (G. Popa)
and an Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic (conf. Gh. Floareș). This clinic treated all surgical pathology of
orthopedics, traumatology and had didactic activity with fourth year students. The Orthopedics-Traumatology
Department had 40 beds. There is also an Orthopedics-Traumatology department, with 40 beds, located in
the Dr. C. I. Parhon Hospital run first by A. Berneaga and then by P. Trosc. Dimitrie Radu, Iulian Grădinaru
and G. Herescu worked in this department. A new Recovery Hospital appears in Iasi. The new hospital also
has an Orthopedics-Traumatology department (with 111 beds) where the orthopedics department will be
transferred from Parhon Hospital. In 1983, Professor Gh. Floareș opted to move the clinic from the
Emergency Hospital to the new Rehabilitation Hospital. At the Emergency Hospital there remains an
Orthopedics-Traumatology Department staffed by a single doctor - Nicolae Georgescu who will develop a
new team, which also have teaching activity: T. Cozma, L. Stratan, P. Sîrbu, Ovidiu Alexa, Paul Corlaci,
Cezar Popescu. There are eight resident doctors (Elena Glod, Luminița Lăbușcă, Victor Pencu, G. Ghinoiu,
C. Nanu, T. Bunescu, R. Malancea, L. Pacu). During this period (1992-1996) a basic A.O. course was
organized in Iași. internationally, on which occasion many orthopedists are persuaded to routinely use
modern means of osteosynthesis. Two more doctors come in this clinic: B. Puha, R. Asaftei, D. Cionca and A.
Ciubara. After 1989, the ATOM was born: The Association of Traumatologists and Orthopedists of Moldova,
congresses and postgraduate courses are organized. In 2012 the Orthopedic Clinic moved to the St. Spiridon
Emergency Clinical Hospital (Prof. Ovidiu Alexa). The orthopedic clinic at the Recovery Hospital treats chronic
osteoarticular pathology (prof Paul Sirbu).
The Society of Physicians and Naturalists of Iași and the Union of the Romanian Principalities
Authors: Baran Dana
Published: May 2021

The Union of the Romanian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia has been an ideal of the nation for
centuries, expressed by its intellectuals and policy makers. Its fulfillment was rendered possible in the
enlightened era of the nineteenth century, following the Crimean War (1853-1856) and the Peace of Paris.
The Peace Treaty of 1856, involving Russia, the Ottoman Empire, France, Great Britain and the Kingdom of
Sardinia, and then the Paris convention of 1858, enabled the Union of the Principalities in 1859. In this
context, the progressive Romanian intellectuals played an essential role in awakening the national
consciousness of the masses called upon to vote, as well as in the elaboration of the strategy to be
implemented, both internally and internationally. The Society of Physicians and Naturalists of the Principality
of Moldavia (SPN), the first scientific society not only in the Romanian Principalities but also in Southeast
Europe (1830), got involved in this national unification process, seen as a condition of emancipation, stability
and European integration of their country. SPN was therefore not only the seat where Colonel Alexandru Ioan
Cuza was appointed as the sole candidate for the Reign of Moldavia on January 3rd
, 1859, but also a nucleus
of struggle for the Union. It is plausible that, due to the participation of some of the leading SPN members,
ideological confrontations took place within this scientific forum and tactics were envisaged meant to achieve
the Union of the Principalities through the victory of the Unionist Party. Ever since SPN remained linked to the
memory of Cuza's election in Moldavia, and this constituted another fundamental contribution of this
academic institution to the overall establishment of modern Romania. Immediately after the Union, in 1860
the Society of Physicians and Naturalists of the Principality of Moldavia became the Society of Physicians and
Naturalists of Iași and kept on integrating both national and international personalities from the entire world.
In Memoriam
Authors: Târcoveanu Eugen
Published: May 2021

OBITUARY.
ALBERTO MONTORI
(1933-2021)
Lower cretaceous avian-dominated, theropod, thyreophoran, pterosaur and turtle track assemblages from the Tugulu Group, Xinjiang, China: ichnotaxonomy and palaeoecology
Authors: Xing Lida , Lockley Martin G. , Jia Chengkai , Klein Hendrik , Niu Kecheng , Zhang Lijun , Qi Liqi , Chou Chunyong , Romilio Anthony , Wang Donghao , Zhang Yu , Persons W Scott , Wang Miaoyan
Published: May 2021

Rich tetrapod ichnofaunas, known for more than a decade, from the Huangyangquan Reservoir (Wuerhe District, Karamay City, Xinjiang) have been an abundant source of some of the largest Lower Cretaceous track collections from China. They originate from inland lacustrine clastic exposures of the 581–877 m thick Tugulu Group, variously divided into four formations and subgroups in the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin. The large Huangyangquan track assemblages occur in the Lower layer/Subgroup II. Similarly-composed track assemblages also occur at the smaller Asphaltite site in the Upper Layer/Subgroup III. The Huangyangquan assemblages have yielded more than 1,500 identified tracks including abundant tracks of avian and non-avian theropods, pterosaurs and turtles and less abundant tracks of stegosaurs. Previous avian track identifications have been reassessed to conclude that Moguiornipes robustus is a taphotaxon and Koreanaornis dodsoni might be better accommodated in the ichnogenus Aquatilavipes which appears to be the dominant avian ichnotaxon. The avian track Ignotornis is also recognized and represents the first occurrence of this ichnogenus in China. Although the Huangyangquan assemblages lack some of the larger components (e.g., sauropodan and ornithopodan tracks) known from other Lower Cretaceous localities, the association of abundant tracks of smaller tetrapods (avian and non-avian theropods, pterosaurs and turtles) appears to be representative of lacustrine basin faunas of this region, and are an excellent example of the shorebird ichnocoenosis/ichnofacies concept. This is the first comprehensive review and re-analysis of an important Lower Cretaceous ecosystem.
Resveratrol improves cardiac function and left ventricular fibrosis after myocardial infarction in rats by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activity and the TGF-β1/SMAD2 signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Jinjin , Gu Xiuping , Wang Huifeng , Ding Shibin
Published: May 2021

Background

Several studies have shown that resveratrol (RES), a naturally occurring polyphenol found in many plants, is beneficial for preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism underlying the RES-mediated protection against myocardial infarction has not yet been revealed entirely. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of RES on cardiac function in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the related underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham (sham operation), Sham-RES, AMI (AMI induction), and AMI-RES. The rat AMI model was established by the permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery method. The rats in the RES-treated groups were gavaged with RES (50 mg/kg/day) daily for 45 days after the Sham operation or AMI induction; rats in the Sham and AMI groups were gavaged with deionized water. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Atrial interstitial fibrosis was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin or Masson’s trichrome staining. Real-time PCR and western blotting analyses were performed to examine the levels of signaling pathway components.

Results

RES supplementation decreased the inflammatory cytokine levels, improved the cardiac function, and ameliorated atrial interstitial fibrosis in the rats with AMI. Furthermore, RES supplementation inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activity, decreased the TGF-β1 production, and downregulated the p-SMAD2/SMAD2 expression in the heart.

Conclusion

RES shows notable cardioprotective effects in a rat model of AMI; the possible mechanisms underlying these effects may involve the improvement of cardiac function and atrial interstitial fibrosis via the RES-mediated suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activity and inhibition of the TGF-β1/SMAD2 signaling pathway in the heart.
Establishment of a modified percutaneous CT-guided paraspinal intramuscular VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma dual tumor model in rabbits
Authors: Meng Liangliang , Shan Husheng , He Xiaofeng , Zhou Jiantao , Huang Jingxiang , Zhang Xin , Ma Li , Xue Xiaodong , Zhang Zhongliang , Xiao Yueyong
Published: May 2021

Background

The rabbit VX-2 tumor model is a commonly used transplanted tumor model and is widely used in surgical, radiological, and interventional studies. Most of the known tumor models for each site are single solid tumors. This study aimed to establish an accurate and stable intramuscular dual tumor model guided by computed tomography (CT).

Methods

In this study, we compared three different inoculation methods to select the most appropriate dual tumor model. Six New Zealand White rabbits were used as tumor-carrying rabbits for tumor harvesting. Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups as experimental rabbits. Group A applied the tumor cell suspension method, in which the suspension was injected into the designated location with a syringe under CT guidance. Groups B and C used tumor tissue strips obtained in vivo or under direct in vitro vision. The tumor tissue strips were implanted into the designated locations using a guide needle under CT guidance. The differences in tumorigenic rate, the size difference between bilateral tumors, and metastasis between the three methods were compared.

Results

It was found that group A obtained a 100% tumor survival rate, but the size of the tumor was more variable, and needle tract implantation metastasis occurred in 5 cases. In group B, tumor tissue strips were taken in vivo for implantation, in which one case failed to survive. Tumor tissue strips in group C were obtained in vitro under direct vision. The tumor tissue strips obtained in vitro by puncture using a biopsy needle in group C had a 100% tumorigenicity rate and stable tumor size. No significant needle tract implantation metastases were found in either group B or C. The variance of tumor size obtained in group A was significantly higher than in groups B and C. The variance of tumor size in group C was the smallest. Group C had high tumorigenicity and a more stable size and morphology of the formed tumors.

Conclusion

The results showed that the method of obtaining tumor tissue strips using in vitro direct vision puncture and implanting them into the muscle with CT guidance and guide needles can establish an accurate and stable dual tumor model. This dual tumor model can provide substantial support for relevant preclinical studies.