bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergent stationarity in Yellow River sediment transport and the underlying shift of dominance: from streamflow to vegetation
Authors: Ye Sheng , Ran Qihua , Fu Xudong , Hu Chunhong , Wang Guangqian , Parker Gary , Chen Xiuxiu , Zhang Siwei
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Soil erosion and sediment transport play important roles in terrestrial landscape evolution and biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and contaminants. Although discharge is considered to be a controlling factor in sediment transport, its correlation with sediment concentration varies across the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and is not fully understood. This paper provides analysis from gauges across the YRB covering a range of climate, topographic characteristics and degree of human intervention. Our results show that discharge control on sediment transport is dampened at gauges with large mean annual discharge, where sediment concentration becomes more and more stable. This emergent stationarity can be attributed to vegetation resistance. Our analysis shows that sediment concentration follows a bell shape with vegetation index (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) at annual scale despite heterogeneity in climate and landscape. We obtain the counterintuitive result that as mean annual discharge increases, the dominant control on sediment transport shifts from streamflow erosion to vegetation retardation in the YRB.
Review article: Detection of inundation areas due to the 2015 Kanto and Tohoku torrential rain in Japan based on multi-temporal ALOS-2 imagery
Authors: Liu Wen , Yamazaki Fumio
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Torrential rain triggered by two typhoons hit the Kanto and
Tohoku regions of Japan from 9 to 11 September 2015. Due to the record-breaking
amount of rainfall, several riverbanks were overflowed and destroyed,
causing floods over wide areas. The PALSAR-2 sensor on board the ALOS-2
satellite engaged in emergency observations of the affected areas during and
after the heavy rain. Two pre-event and three co-event PALSAR-2 images were
employed in this study to extract flooded areas in the city of Joso, Ibaraki
Prefecture. The backscattering coefficient of the river water was
investigated first using the PALSAR-2 intensity images and a land-cover map
with a 10 m resolution. The inundation areas were then extracted by setting
threshold values for backscattering from water surfaces in the three temporal
synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The extracted results were modified by
considering the land cover and a digital elevation model (DEM). Next, the
inundated built-up urban areas were extracted from the changes in SAR
backscattering. The results were finally compared with those from visual
inspections of airborne imagery by the Geospatial Information Authority of
Japan (GSI), and more than 85 % of the maximum inundation areas were
extracted successfully.
Application of a physically based model to forecast shallow landslides at a regional scale
Authors: Salvatici Teresa , Tofani Veronica , Rossi Guglielmo , D'Ambrosio Michele , Tacconi Stefanelli Carlo , Masi Elena Benedetta , Rosi Ascanio , Pazzi Veronica , Vannocci Pietro , Petrolo Miriana , Catani Filippo , Ratto Sara , Stevenin Hervè , Casagli Nicola
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In this work, we apply a physically based model, namely the
HIRESSS (HIgh REsolution Slope Stability Simulator) model, to forecast the
occurrence of shallow landslides at the regional scale. HIRESSS is a physically
based distributed slope stability simulator for analyzing shallow landslide
triggering conditions during a rainfall event. The modeling software is made up of two
parts: hydrological and geotechnical. The hydrological model is based on an
analytical solution from an approximated form of the Richards equation, while
the geotechnical stability model is based on an infinite slope model that
takes the unsaturated soil condition into account. The test area is a portion
of the Aosta Valley region, located in the northwest of the Alpine mountain chain. The
geomorphology of the region is characterized by steep slopes with elevations
ranging from 400 m a.s.l. on the Dora Baltea River's floodplain to
4810 m a.s.l. at Mont Blanc. In the study area, the mean annual
precipitation is about 800–900 mm. These features make the territory
very prone to landslides, mainly shallow rapid landslides and rockfalls.
In order to apply the model and to increase its reliability, an in-depth
study of the geotechnical and hydrological properties of hillslopes
controlling shallow landslide formation was conducted. In particular, two
campaigns of on site measurements and laboratory experiments were performed
using 12 survey points. The data collected contributed to the generation of an input map
of parameters for the HIRESSS model. In order to consider the effect of
vegetation on slope stability, the soil reinforcement due to the presence of
roots was also taken into account; this was done based on vegetation maps and
literature values of root cohesion. The model was applied using back analysis
for two past events that affected the Aosta Valley region between 2008 and
2009, triggering several fast shallow landslides. The validation of the
results, carried out using a database of past landslides, provided good
results and a good prediction accuracy for the HIRESSS model from both a
temporal and spatial point of view.
Simple statistics for complex Earthquake time distributions
Authors: Matcharashvili Teimuraz , Hatano Takahiro , Chelidze Tamaz , Zhukova Natalia
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Here we investigated a statistical feature of earthquake time
distributions in the southern California
earthquake catalog. As a main data analysis tool, we used a simple
statistical approach based on the calculation of integral deviation times
(IDT) from the time distribution of regular markers. The research objective
is to define whether and when the process of earthquake time distribution
approaches to randomness. Effectiveness of the IDT calculation method was
tested on the set of simulated color noise data sets with the different
extent of regularity, as well as for Poisson process data sets. Standard
methods of complex data analysis have also been used, such as power spectrum
regression, Lempel and Ziv complexity, and recurrence quantification
analysis, as well as multiscale entropy calculations. After testing the IDT
calculation method for simulated model data sets, we have analyzed the
variation in the extent of regularity in the southern California earthquake
catalog. Analysis was carried out for different periods and at different
magnitude thresholds. It was found that the extent of the order in earthquake
time distributions is fluctuating over the catalog. Particularly, we show
that in most cases, the process of earthquake time distributions is less
random in periods of strong earthquake occurrence compared to periods with
relatively decreased local seismic activity. Also, we noticed that the
strongest earthquakes occur in periods when IDT values increase.
Rousseau on Stage: Playwright, musician, spectator.
Authors: Woodward Servanne
Published: July 2018

Rapport sur « Rousseau on Stage: Playwright, musician, spectator. Eds. Maria Gullstam and Michael O’Dea. Oxford University. Sudies in the Enlightenment. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 2017 ». Ouvrage collectif.
Reflexiones sobre promoción y colonización del Alto Guadalquivir en época césaro-augústea
Authors: Morales Rodríguez Eva María
Published: July 2018

El territorio del Alto Guadalquivir, en la provincia de Jaén, nos ha proporcionado en el estado actual de la investigación un conjunto de topónimos mayores, relacionables de forma directa e inequívoca con las ciudades romanas existentes durante la Tardía República romana y el Principado afectadas por diferentes procesos de promoción y municipalización.
"Colonia Augusta Firma – Astigi" (Écija, Sevilla): novedades arqueológicas y epigráficas
Authors: Ordóñez Agulla Salvador , García-Dils de la Vega Sergio
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo se ofrece una síntesis de las últimas novedades arqueológicas que están proporcionando las excavaciones en desarrollo en la plaza de Armas del antiguo alcázar de la ciudad. Se añaden a este panorama las aportaciones que brindan los recientes hallazgos epigráficos, incorporando algunas piezas inéditas.
Processo de esterilização sob a ótica dos profissionais do centro de material e esterilização
Authors: De Morais Lívia Maria Correia , Queiroga Solange Serrano , Santos Alessandra Nogueira , De Oliveira Jéssica Maricelly Deodato , Melo Jéssica Thamires Da Silva
Published: July 2018

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar o processo de trabalho dos profissionais de enfermagem atuantes no centro de material e esterilização (CME) acerca da esterilizaçãode material cirúrgico. Método: Estudo descritivo, ancorado pela abordagem qualitativa e realizado com 11 profissionais de enfermagem do CME por meio deentrevista semiestruturada. Para avaliação dos dados, optou-se pela análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática transversal. Resultados: Os depoimentos apresentarama descrição das etapas envolvidas no processo de esterilização, a relação com a segurança do paciente, as dificuldades no processo de trabalho e a educaçãopermanente em saúde como meio possível de superar as dificuldades. Conclusão: Os trabalhadores têm conhecimento incipiente das etapas do processode esterilização, com influência direta na segurança do paciente. Ações de gestão e de educação permanente em saúde são necessárias para garantir a qualidadedo trabalho e possibilitar a redução de falhas nesse processo. Foram citadas, ainda, as dificuldades diárias encontradas pelo pessoal de enfermagem do CME.Palavras-chave: Infecção hospitalar. Esterilização. Segurança do paciente. Prática profissional. Educação continuada.
Implicações na qualidade do atendimento cirúrgico diante da não manutenção dos equipamentos hospitalares
Authors: Lucas Thabata Coaglio , Reis Anita Cassia Aguiar , De Moraes Pâmela Peçanha , Martins Dulce Aparecida
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Identificar as implicações da não manutenção dos equipamentos hospitalares na qualidade do atendimento cirúrgico. Método: Trata-se de umapesquisa quantitativa, exploratória, descritiva, observacional, realizada em um hospital filantrópico do interior de Minas Gerais. Aplicou-se a técnica de observaçãodireta e a avaliação de registros de manutenção preventiva e corretiva dos equipamentos cirúrgicos. Resultados: Durante o período de observação, verificou-seque os equipamentos que mais apresentaram falhas durante a cirurgia foram: bisturi elétrico, intensificador e foco cirúrgico. Os dados de funcionalidade e manutençãodos equipamentos foram comparados com recomendações do fabricante e com a literatura científica. Conclusão: A não manutenção dos equipamentoscirúrgicos pode prolongar a recuperação pós-operatória, aumentar a morbidade e a mortalidade e levar a um impacto financeiro desnecessário para a instituição.Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo possam motivar a equipe multiprofissional à realização da manutenção preventiva dos equipamentos antes das cirurgias.
Impacto de uma capacitação para enfermeiros acerca da assistência no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca
Authors: Lucas Marina Germani , Oliveira Érica Bueno Camargo de , Oliveira Isabela Cristina de , Basseto Melissa , Machado Regimar Carla
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de um programa de capacitação teórica para enfermeiros acerca dos cuidados ao paciente no pós-operatório decirurgia cardíaca. Método: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, realizado em um hospital filantrópico do interior do estado de São Paulo, dividido em trêsetapas: aplicação do instrumento de pré-teste, capacitação expositiva dialogada e aplicação do instrumento de pós-teste. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa47 enfermeiros, a maioria do sexo feminino, com experiência de 1 a 3 anos na enfermagem, e somente 4 enfermeiros com experiência em cirurgiacardíaca. Verificou-se aumento significativo no número de acertos na avaliação após a capacitação, no pós-teste em relação ao pré-teste. Conclusão: Foievidenciada a necessidade de formação continuada para os enfermeiros atuantes no pós-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas. O programa de capacitaçãoteórica para os enfermeiros se mostrou significante, porém limitado, no que tange ao processo ensino-aprendizagem.
Lesão por abrasão após cateterismo cardíaco: relato de caso
Authors: Gomes Eduardo Tavares , Marinho Maíria de Andrade Lima Pitta , Galvão Mayana Camila Barbosa , Rego Daniella Patricia Candido , Vieira Jackeline Alcoforado , Dos Santos Maria Luciene
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de lesão de pele por abrasão relacionada à retirada de curativo pós-cateterismo cardíaco via artéria femoral. Método: Relatode um caso registrado em um hospital universitário do Nordeste do Brasil, ocorrido em setembro de 2017. Resultados: A paciente foi submetida a umcateterismo cardíaco, que indicou cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica. No período pré-operatório, identificou-se a lesão de pele, que se estendia transversalmenteno abdome, na região infraumbilical e na face interna da coxa direita, correspondendo à região em que foi realizado o curativo compressivopós-cateterismo. Conclusão: O curativo compressivo pós-cateterismo deve ser realizado e a enfermagem deve dar atenção especial à sua retirada,em virtude do risco de lesão por abrasão, que pode acometer uma grande área, ocasionando dano direto ao paciente e aumentando o risco de infecção.
The Preferred User: How Audio Description could Change Understandings of Australian Television Audiences and Media Technology
Authors: Ellis Katie , Kent Mike , Locke Kathryn
Published: July 2018

Audio description continues to be unavailable on broadcast television in Australia, despite the technological capabilities to provide it and the existence of a federally funded back catalogue or ‘secret library’ of audio described television content. This paper reveals findings into both the amount of audio described content that has been created but not made available to television audiences, while also reviewing existing innovative platforms for audio description, such as the app BAM-Describe. It contextualises these findings in an overview of the history of audio description in and outside of Australia, highlighting key technological and policy changes. Evoking theories of the preferred user and how this understanding of television audiences addresses disability, we argue that different interpretations of how audio description can be delivered, determined through a process of interpretive flexibility (and continued industry creativity and innovation) may finally shift the stagnating discussions around audio description provision, and thus ultimately change the accessibility of television for the blind and vision impaired.
Understanding Open Knowledge in China: A Chinese Approach to Openness?
Authors: Montgomery Lucy , Ren Xiang
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the development of open knowledge in China through two case studies: the development of Chinese open access (OA) journals, and national-level OA repositories. Open access and open knowledge are emerging as a site of both grass-roots activism, and top-down intervention in the practices of scholarship and scholarly publishing in China. Although the language, vision and strategies of the global open knowledge movement are undoubtedly present, so too are the messy realities of open access and open knowledge innovation in a local context. In attempting to position open access developments in China within a diverse and contested global landscape of open knowledge innovation we draw on Moore’s (2017) conception of open access as a boundary object: an object that is understood differently within individual communities but which maintains enough structure to be understood between communities (Moore 2017; Star and Griesemer 1989). Viewed as a boundary object, the concept of open knowledge is making it possible for China to engage with the global open knowledge movement, as a beneficiary of the innovation of others, and as an open knowledge innovator in its own right.
What Hope for Open Knowledge? Productive (Armed) vs. Connective (Tribal) Knowledge and Staged Conflict
Authors: Hartley John
Published: July 2018

The paper distinguishes between two kinds of knowledge, productive or armed knowledge and connective or tribal knowledge, which it traces back to pre-modern antagonisms. It argues that open knowledge depends on a new ‘agonistic’ synthesis of these types. The aim is partly to show that culture is primary in determining what knowledge means and who gets to share it; and partly to compare formal knowledge institutions (especially universities) with informal knowledge systems (language and social media). Can knowledge ever be open if it is either armed or wild? If so, then how should we model openness? I suggest that situating knowledge in language, performance and play, rather than property and productivity, offers a way forward.
Editorial: Relaunching Cultural Science
Authors: Hartley John
Published: July 2018

Cultural Science Journal is delighted to announce our successful migration to the Ubiquity Press platform. We are now ready to publish submissions received during 2018, which will comprise Volume 10 of the journal. We begin with several papers on the theme of ‘open knowledge’ and will add new papers on all topics as they are accepted. Each volume of the relaunched Cultural Science Journal will be cumulative over the year, so that work will be published in a timely manner once it is reviewed, revised and accepted, without having to wait for an issue. We are planning for 12 articles per annum to begin with, and are also open to reviews and commentary as well as research. Initially, the costs of publishing Open Access are borne by the Centre for Culture & Technology (CCAT) at Curtin University. In later volumes, we will encourage authors to seek funding from their own institutions to support publication of their articles. We hope to support the journal through events such as research workshops and conferences.
Reinvigorating Engagement and Collaboration through Interprofessional Education (RECIPE) in nursing and public health students
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Tickner Joel
Published: July 2018

An interprofessional education (IPE) activity was piloted in an undergraduate Research Methods course with sophomore nursing and public health students. Students worked in small mixed groups mentored by course professors to critique a research article. The study aims to evaluate the IPE effectiveness in promoting students’ readiness for IPE, and facilitating students’ learning, critical thinking, and communication. Online survey with the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale was administered to nursing and public health students pre- and post-IPE activity implementation. Nursing students’ evaluation of the research critique assignment was compared with other nursing course sections. The study found that nursing students rated IPE better in facilitating critical thinking and communication than one previous class section without an IPE component. Students’ qualitative comments suggested that future IPE will benefit from smaller groups, more even distribution of students from different disciplines, more shared faculty lectures, and integrating interactive group discussions.
Effectiveness of Improved Hermetic Storage Structures Against Maize Storage Insect Pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus
Authors: Tefera Tadele , Teshome Addis , Singano Charles
Published: July 2018

A study was conducted for 12 months to evaluate the effectiveness of two improved hermetic storage structures against two maize storage pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus at Liwufu Research Station, Malawi. The storages were metal silo and hermetic bag; Actellic super dust was included as a control. The treatments (storages) were replicated four times under natural and artificial infestations. Grain stored in metal silo had the lowest mean percentage weight loss, 1.04% to 1.25%, 12 months after storage followed by hermetic bag, 2.46% to 6.64%. Grain treated with Actellic super had the highest weight loss, 4.86% to 18.72%. The study showed that hermetic storage structures can be promoted as effective alternative non-chemical methods of grain storage for small holder farmers in Malawi.
Distinct Effects of Bovicin HC5 and Virginiamycin on in vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Community Composition
Authors: Moreira Sofia Magalhaes , Bento Claudia Braga Pereira , Azevedo Analice Claudia , Mantovani Hilario C.
Published: July 2018

Antibiotics are used as feed additives for cattle to alter rumen fermentation and increase weight gain. However, this practice can potentially lead to the presence of antibiotic residues in milk and meat and the selection of multiresistant bacteria. Bacteriocins have been suggested as an alternative to antibiotics used in animal production. This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of bovicin HC5 and virginiamycin on ruminal fermentation and on microbial community composition. Ruminal fluid was collected from fistulated cows fed corn silage and incubated with Trypticase (15 g L-1). Cultures treated with bovicin HC5 or virginiamycin decreased (P < 0.05) ammonia accumulation by 47.46% and 66.17%, respectively. Bovicin HC5 and virginiamycin also decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of organic acids and gas production, but the effects were somewhat distinct. Molecular fingerprinting of the microbial community using PCR-DGGE revealed that community structure varied between treatments and were distinct from the controls. These results demonstrate that bovicin HC5 and virginiamycin have distinct effects on ruminal fermentation and modify differently the microbial community composition. These results also expand the knowledge about the effects of antibiotics and bacteriocins on bacterial and archaeal communities involved in protein metabolism in the rumen.
Hygienic Conditions in Butcher Shops at the City of Navirai, Brazil—An Applied Case Study
Authors: Concenco Fernanda I. G. R. , Silva Gleice N. N. , Concenco Samara E. , Nora Leonardo
Published: July 2018

This study comprises the evaluation of the hygienic-sanitary conditions of butcher shops in the city of Naviraí, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Raw meat and meat products are foods widely consumed by Brazilian citizens, which is also widely exported overseas to several regions, including Europe. Due to its composition, high water content and almost neutral pH, which favors the growth of microorganisms, meat handling requires strict hygienic and sanitary guidelines. The city of Naviraí is located in the Central region of Brazil, where beef cattle and beef and meat products are one of the main activities, both for domestic consumption as well as aiming exports. We surveyed two butcher shops by applying a checklist based on the Resolution RDC 216 of September 15, 2004, issued by the Brazilian Health Ministry. The scores were given from 0% to 100% and each surveyed item was classified as Satisfactory; Satisfactory with Restriction; or Unsatisfactory. After that, all nonconformities were pointed out and owners were instructed on how to fix them. Several items for both butcher shops were in disagreement with the cited legislation, being classified as unsatisfactory and satisfactory with restrictions. It was evidenced the need for most intensive inspection by the Sanitary Vigilance Department of the Brazilian Health Ministry, not only by applying fines and other penalties, but also with guidelines to employees and owners, since the lack of information, awareness and commitment is notorious.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 10, No. 8
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: July 2018

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 10, No. 8, 2018.
The cDNA Structures and Expression Profile of the Ascorbate Peroxidase Gene Family During Drought Stress in Wild Watermelon
Authors: Malambane Goitseone , Tsujimoto Hisashi , Akashi Kinya
Published: July 2018

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) plays an important role in detoxifying reactive oxygen species under environmental stress. Although previous work in drought-tolerant wild watermelon has shown an increase in chloroplast APX enzyme activity under drought, molecular entities of APX have remained uncharacterized. In this study, structure and transcriptional regulation of the APX gene family in watermelon were characterized. Five APX genes, designated as CLAPX1 to CLAPX5, were identified from watermelon genome. The mRNA alternative splicing was suggested for CLAPX5, which generated two distinct deduced amino acid sequences at their C-terminus, in resemblance to a reported alternative splicing of chloroplast APXs in pumpkin. This observation suggests that two isoenzymes for stromal and thylakoid-bound APXs may be generated from the CLAPX5 gene. Phylogenetic analysis classified CLAPX isoenzymes into three clades, i.e., chloroplast, microbody, and cytosolic. Physiological analyses of wild watermelon under drought showed a decline in stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rate, and a significant increase in the enzyme activities of both chloroplast and cytosolic APXs. Profiles of mRNA abundance during drought were markedly different among CLAPX genes, suggesting distinct transcriptional regulation for the APX isoenzymes. Up-regulation of CLAPX5-I and CLAPX5-II was observed at the early phase of drought stress, which was temporally correlated with the observed increase in chloroplast APX enzyme activity, suggesting that transcriptional up-regulation of the CLAPX5 gene may contribute to the fortification of chloroplast APX activity under drought. Our study has provided an insight into the functional significance of the CLAPX gene family in the drought tolerance mechanism in this plant.
Organic Carbon Decomposition in Soil Amended With Organic Compost From Slaughterhouse Residues
Authors: Pereira Magnum de Sousa , Blum Julius , Souza Henrique Antunes de , Taniguchi Carlos Kenji
Published: July 2018

Decomposition kinetic of applied compost in soil depends on the decomposition rate coefficient (k), environmental conditions and the interactions with soil. However, studies with the aim of determining k values for different materials rarely consider interactions with soil. The objective of the current study was to estimate k value of an organic compost, considering the interactions with the soil. Samples of soil mixed with compost were incubated in hermetic recipients for 126 days and evolved C-CO2 was quantified. Nonlinear models proposed in the present study were fitted to evolved C-CO2 data. Better fitting was found in a model that divided the soil organic matter in four pools (labile and recalcitrant native soil organic matter; protected and unprotected added organic matter), values of k on both native organic matter pools were multiplied by a constant denominated priming (pr) only in the cases where the compost was added to the soil and the amount of C in the protected pool is limited to the soil protection capacity. Organic compost produced using carcasses, sheepfold residues and slaughterhouse residues presented k value equal to 0.01179 day-1 at 31 oC without water stress. Compost application increased in 9.8% the decomposition of the native soil organic matter.
Regime de colaboração: duas experiências de organização cooperativa na área de educação
Authors: Lima Ubirajara Couto , Neves Tiago Guedes Barbosa do Nascimento
Published: July 2018

Este artigo refere-se a resultado parcial de pesquisa de doutoramento cujo objetivo mais amplo é identificar e analisar as experiências de Arranjos de Desenvolvimento da Educação no estado da Bahia. Apoiado numa abordagem qualitativa e tendo como estratégia metodológica o estudo de caso, este artigo objetiva apresentar duas experiências de organização cooperativa, caracterizando-as e problematizando a sua articulação com o instituto do regime de colaboração, sobretudo no tocante ao compartilhamento de competências políticas, técnicas e financeiras. Os resultados preliminares evidenciam que, apesar de serem modelos exitosos de organização cooperativa, há uma flagrante necessidade de ações coordenadoras e indutivas da União e dos estados, que no caso da Bahia, no plano intergovernamental, tem um inexpressivo papel na articulação federativa com os municípios.
Educação e diversidades nas escolas do campo: a construção de práticas educativas interculturais
Authors: Lima Elmo De Souza
Published: July 2018

Os projetos educativos implementados nas escolas do campo fundamentam-se num pensamento pedagógico associado à racionalidade técnica, que privilegia um modelo de educação centrado na reprodução de conhecimentos e valores tidos como “verdades universais”, vinculados às matrizes culturais “eurocêntricas” e “norte-americanas”. As práticas educativas instituídas neste contexto trazem as marcas de uma pedagogia autoritária e colonizadora, na medida que, ignoram e/ou silenciam os saberes e as experiências culturais dos diversos povos que habitam este território e promovem a reprodução de conhecimentos deslocados daquele contexto sócio-histórico e cultural. Neste trabalho, buscamos refletir sobre as lutas dos movimentos sociais na defesa de um projeto de educação do campo, comprometido com a valorização das práticas sociais dos camponeses, à produção coletiva do conhecimento e a construção das alternativas de transformação social.
O ensino de filosofia na Educação Básica: uma problematização à luz da filosofia antiga
Authors: Rodrigues Augusto , Gelamo Rodrigo Pelloso
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste texto consiste em problematizar os limites da filosofia na Educação Básica, uma vez que o ensino de filosofia na atualidade propicia uma formação bastante empobrecida. O propósito, do ponto de vista das políticas públicas, é desenvolver, através da transmissão da história da filosofia, competências e habilidades comunicativas (discursivo-filosóficas) que possibilitem uma formação voltada para a dimensão argumentativa e reflexiva da filosofia, a fim de preparar o pensar crítico ante o contemporâneo. Embora esse objetivo esteja demasiadamente reduzido à dimensão discursiva da tradição filosófica, essas capacidades nem chegam a ser desenvolvidas em sala de aula. De fato, o que acontece é uma formação restrita à ordem da compreensão, assimilação e repetição dos discursos filosóficos. Por um lado, ensinar consiste no movimento de transmissão das representações que o professor tem de determinado recorte da história da filosofia. Por outro, aprender seria reproduzir aquilo que foi transmitido, aplicando o conhecimento filosófico como fórmulas para se pensar determinadas questões. Deste contexto escolar, começa-se a problematizar a efetividade da transmissão de conhecimentos para propiciar uma formação minimamente filosófica. Indaga-se se é a apropriação discursiva dos conteúdos filosóficos que fundamentaria os processos de uma formação filosófica. Tem-se como hipótese que não é a posse de discursos o que fundamenta uma formação filosófica e que este modo de formar não encontra ressonância na própria tradição filosófica. Para tanto, recupera-se os movimentos iniciais da filosofia antiga, principalmente, com a figura de Sócrates e os textos de Platão, a fim de mostrar outras possibilidades para uma formação filosófica.
Novo ensino médio e educação integral: contextos, conceitos e polêmicas sobre a reforma
Authors: Silva Karen Cristina , Boutin Aldimara Catarina
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo propõe estabelecer reflexões sobre a proposta de educação integral expressa na atual Reforma do Ensino Médio, instituída por meio da Lei nº 13.415/2017, e desse modo trazer argumentos para instigar o debate teórico acerca do assunto. Os objetivos que norteiam o trabalho são: a) Investigar as proposições para a educação integral que norteiam a proposta do Novo Ensino Médio; b) Analisar o contexto em que surgiu a reforma do Novo Ensino Médio, os conceitos de educação integral e alguns pontos de maior controvérsia entre defensores e críticos da nova lei. As análises têm como suporte teórico e metodológico o materialismo histórico e dialético e pautam-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados decretos, leis, livros e artigos que tratavam do objeto em análise. O diálogo teórico se valeu da contribuição de autores como: Tonet (2013); Mészaros (2014); Marx e Engels (2006); Ferreira JR e Bittar (2008), entre outros que oferecem contribuições para a compreensão da política educacional analisada. Os resultados da pesquisa explicitaram os limites que pautam a atual reforma do Ensino Médio proposta por meio da Lei nº 13.415/2017. Foi possível perceber que a reforma que integra a educação integral no chamado Novo Ensino Médio tem como compromisso uma formação mais técnica e menos propedêutica, servindo dessa forma ao jogo de interesses que rege a sociedade do capital, uma vez que contribui para a formação do homem produtivo, do homem massa, distanciando-se do conceito de omnilateralidade que pressupõe uma formação efetivamente integral.
Perspectivas de valorização dos profissionais da educação no plano nacional de educação (2014-2024)
Authors: Andrade Edson Francisco
Published: July 2018

O presente texto tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre planejamento educacional, gestão sistêmica e valorização dos profissionais da educação no Brasil. Discute-se, inicialmente, o processo de reivindicação conjunta de sistemas e planos de educação no País. Em seguida, com respaldo metodológico na Análise de Conteúdo, desenvolvemos inferências sobre o disposto no PNE (2014-2024), com ênfase tanto para o exercício de interpretação do que é explicitamente anunciado por meio dessa Política Educacional, quanto para as projeções a respeito de seus prováveis rebatimentos, especialmente sobre a categoria docente. Conclui-se que, em face da necessidade de articulação entre os entes de poder federado para fins de viabilização das metas e estratégias do PNE, faz-se imprescindível a constituição do Sistema Nacional de Educação, que assumirá a incumbência de levar a efeito o Regime de Colaboração na gestão da política educacional entre os sistemas de educação instituídos nas três esferas administrativas, conforme o disposto na Constituição Federal de 1988, na LDB/1996 e no próprio PNE em vigor. Vislumbra-se, com tal providência, garantir que a atenção e respostas às demandas educacionais, aqui sendo destacadas àquelas referentes à valorização dos profissionais da educação, sejam incorporadas sistemicamente pela gestão Federal, Estadual e Municipal, evitando, assim, que o Poder Local, esfera economicamente mais frágil da federação, assuma isoladamente as incumbências que, em respeito aos princípios federativos, constitui responsabilidade a ser compartilhada.
Dificuldades de aprendizagem em itens de uma prova de Didática Geral de futuros professores
Authors: Núñes Isauro Beltran , Ramalho Betania Leite
Published: July 2018

No presente estudo, são apresentados os erros e as dificuldades de aprendizagem a eles associadas, detectados em respostas de futuros professores do ensino fundamental em itens de conhecimentos da Didática Geral numa prova de um concurso público. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise de desempenho e de erros (NÚÑEZ;  RAMALHO, 2012), associando-se possíveis dificuldades de aprendizagem que podem explicar a ocorrência desses erros. Os dados empíricos foram fornecidos pela Comissão Permanente de Concursos da UFRN (Comperve/UFRN). Os resultados evidenciam um baixo desempenho nas questões da prova e revelam erros e dificuldades relacionados ao objeto da Didática Crítica, ao.s fundamentos do ensino com base nas ideias da escola Histórico Cultural de L. S. Vigotsky, à organização dos conteúdos e à formação de atitudes, entre outras. Esses resultados podem ser referência para se pensar a formação inicial dos professores em relação ao conhecimento profissional da Didática Geral como dimensão essencial da futura atividade de ensino nas escolas.
Insufficient Sleep Syndrome: Is it time to classify it as a major noncommunicable disease?
Authors: Chattu Vijay Kumar , Sakhamuri Sateesh M. , Kumar Raman , Spence David Warren , BaHammam Ahmed S. , Pandi-Perumal Seithikurippu R.
Published: July 2018

Over the last three to four decades, it has been observed that the average total number of hours of sleep obtained per night by normal individuals have decreased. Concomitantly, global figures indicate that insufficient sleep is associated with serious adverse health and social outcomes. Moreover, insufficient sleep has been linked to seven of the fifteen leading causes of death. Additionally, current evidence suggests that sleep plays a significant role in determining cognitive performance and workplace productivity. There is a great need for a systematic analysis of the economic impact of insufficient sleep, particularly given current evidence that this phenomenon, as well as the poor sleep hygiene practices which produce it, is increasing worldwide. This paper takes the view that health authorities around the world need to raise the general awareness of benefits of sleep. There is considerable scope for research into both the public health impact as well as the macroeconomic consequences of insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). Additionally, various models which estimate the undiagnosed burden of ISS on the GDP (gross domestic product) are needed to prioritize health issues and to highlight the national policies that are necessary to combat this medical problem. Sleep insufficiency has been declared to be a ‘public health epidemic’; therefore, we propose ISS as a potential noncommunicable disease. This review elaborates on this topic further, exploring the causes and consequences of insufficient sleep, and thus providing a perspective on the policies that are needed as well as the research that will be required to support and justify these policies.
The role of sleep deprivation and fatigue in the perception of task difficulty and use of heuristics
Authors: Engle-Friedman Mindy , Mathew Gina Marie , Martinova Anastasia , Armstrong Forrest , Konstantinov Viktoriya
Published: July 2018

Objectives

This study investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on perception of task difficulty and use of heuristics (mental shortcuts) compared to naturally-experienced sleep at home. Methods: Undergraduate students were screened and assigned through block-random assignment to Naturally-Experienced Sleep (NES; n=19) or Total Sleep Deprivation (TSD; n=20). The next morning, reported fatigue, perception of task difficulty, and use of “what-is-beautiful-is-good,” “greedy algorithm,” and “speed-accuracy trade-off” heuristics were assessed. Results: NES slept for an average of 354.74 minutes (SD=72.84), or 5.91 hours. TSD rated a reading task as significantly more difficult and requiring more time than NES. TSD was significantly more likely to use the greedy algorithm heuristic by skipping instructions and the what-is-beautiful-is-good heuristic by rating an unattractive consumer item with a favorable review as poor quality. Those in Total Sleep Deprivation who chose more difficult math problems made this selection to finish the task more quickly in findings approaching significance, indicating use of the speed-accuracy trade-off heuristic. Collapsed across conditions, self-reported fatigue predicted greater perceived difficulty in both the reading task and a visuo-motor task, higher quality rating for the attractive consumer item, and lower quality rating for the unattractive consumer item. Conclusions: Findings indicate sleep deprivation and fatigue increase perceptions of task difficulty, promote skipping instructions, and impair systematic evaluation of unappealing stimuli compared to naturally-experienced sleep.
Effectiveness of a lightweight portable auto-CPAP device for the treatment of sleep apnea during high altitude stages of the Dakar Rally: a case report
Authors: Lebret Marius , Wuyam Bernard , Bertrand Dominique , Chaudot Christiane , Pépin Jean-Louis , Borel Jean-Christian
Published: July 2018

Sleep-related breathing disturbances are exacerbated at altitude in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The objective of this case report was to determine if a portable auto-CPAP device effectively treated sleep apnea across different altitudes. We report the severity of sleep apnea from 60 to 12,000 feet high in a man with severe OSA (Apnea Hypopnea Index at diagnosis = 60 events/hour) during the 2017 Dakar rally over the Andes mountains. The man was equipped with a lightweight portable auto-CPAP device with a narrow window [6-8 cmH2O]. Pressures delivered and corresponding residual events were assessed at different altitudes. The 95th percentile pressure reached the maximal set pressure at the highest altitudes, and residual AHI increased from 5 events/hour to 45 events/hour at the highest altitudes. Potential mechanisms behind the development of central apnea, and optimal clinical management at altitude are discussed in the light of the findings.
El Defensor del Pueblo Europeo y el Tratado de Lisboa
Authors: Nikiforos Diamandouros P.
Published: July 2018

La entrada en vigor del Tratado de Lisboa el 1 de diciembre de 2009 marca la última fase del proceso en curso de reconocimiento y capacitación de los ciudadanos europeos. Una de las principales prioridades del Defensor del Pueblo Europeo durante los próximos cinco años será contribuir a garantizar que la Unión Europea cumpla con los beneficios prometidos a los ciudadanos por el Tratado de Lisboa. El presente artículo describe las repercusiones que tendrá el Tratado en la labor del Defensor del Pueblo Europeo y se centra en las novedades más importantes que aporta el Tratado por lo que respecta a los ciudadanos.
Los recursos del Defensor del Pueblo ante el Tribunal Constitucional. Una revisión
Authors: Torres Muro Ignacio
Published: July 2018

El artículo procede a repasar los resultados obtenidos como consecuencia de la legitimación del Defensor del Pueblo, en la normativa española, para interponer recursos de inconstitucionalidad y recursos de amparo ante el Tribunal Constitucional. Tras una exposición detallada de las sentencias, y autos, de este Tribunal, en los que, de una manera u otra, ha participado el Defensor del Pueblo, se hace una reflexión crítica sobre cuáles han sido la influencia ejercida por el mismo a través de estos instrumentos, y las consecuencias que ha tenido su actuación para el sistema constitucional en su conjunto.
La reforma estatutaria y legal de los comisionados parlamentarios autonómicos
Authors: Ruiz-Rico Ruiz Gerardo , Anguita Susi Alberto
Published: July 2018

Frente a la inicial tendencia a reproducir miméticamente el esquema básico de funcionamiento del Defensor del Pueblo estatal, los nuevos Estatutos de Autonomía han hecho un esfuerzo, con diverso resultado, por categorizar a los Comisionados parlamentarios como instituciones de naturaleza estatuaria e instrumentos independientes de tutela de los derechos. No obstante, dichos Estatutos de Autonomía han optado por una regulación de mínimos, lo que, inevitablemente, deja en manos del legislador autonómico un amplio margen de discrecionalidad para regular los Comisionados parlamentarios autonómicos. Precisamente, esta coyuntura debe servir para plantear una reforma legal del Defensor del Pueblo Andaluz que sirva para alcanzar una tutela más objetiva, cercana y eficaz de los problemas que afectan a los ciudadanos.
La independencia del Defensor del Pueblo frente a los partidos políticos
Authors: Colomer Viadel Antonio
Published: July 2018

Las garantías de independencia de la institución del Defensor del Pueblo son fundamentales para la autonomía de su funcionamiento y el prestigio ante los ciudadanos. Su estatuto legal así lo reconoce y se refuerza por las mayorías cualificadas, para su nombramiento. Ahora bien, siempre han existido algunas tentativas de interferencias por los partidos políticos, puestas en evidencia por una última crisis en esta relación. Todo ello nos lleva a señalar la necesidad de reforzar la independencia de esta magistratura, sostenida, en buena medida, en su autoritas moral.
Prerrogativas e incompatibilidades del Defensor del Pueblo : algunas propuestas de reforma
Authors: González Álvarez Magdalena
Published: July 2018

Con el objetivo último de poder contribuir a mejorar el status de independencia e imparcialidad de la institución del Defensor del Pueblo, ofrecemos un minucioso análisis de las especialidades que presentan las prerrogativas del Defensor del Pueblo frente a las parlamentarias, y la propuesta de determinadas reformas legislativas en materia de incompatibilidades: posibles limitaciones en la administración del patrimonio personal, obligación de declaración de actividades y bienes patrimoniales y previsión de ciertas incompatibilidades posteriores al ejercicio del cargo.
El «Defensor del Pueblo» en Iberoamérica. Una perspectiva comparada
Authors: Carballo Armas Pedro
Published: July 2018

Resulta claro, con una simple observación, que Iberoamérica no ha permanecido impasible ante las necesidades crecientes de la sociedad, acreditando una vez más su capacidad de adaptación a las nuevas realidades jurídicas. Entre otras cosas, este criterio tiene su reflejo en la configuración del Ombudsman en los ordenamientos jurídicos de aquella región y, de acuerdo con el mismo, se pretende comprobar hasta qué punto existen diversas similitudes entre el Defensor del Pueblo español y el resto de instituciones estatales análogas en el ámbito iberoamericano.
El Defensor del Pueblo en Centroamérica. Análisis comparado
Authors: Núñez Rivero Cayetano , Fernández Aller Celia
Published: July 2018

El Defensor del Pueblo nace en Suecia en 1809. En el ámbito centroamericano la figura se constitucionaliza en 1985 en Guatemala.Posteriormente, va a ir apareciendo en los diversos países objeto de nuestro estudio: El Salvador, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua.El trabajo que se presenta hace un análisis del surgimiento, composición y funciones de esta institución en Centroamérica. El rasgo común que diferencia a estos países del modelo de Europa occidental es que secentra, no tanto en la función originaria de control de las instituciones del Estado, sino en su misión de proteger los derechos humanos.Se aporta además una reflexión en torno a los retos del Ombudsman en la zona, con especial detenimiento en su papel de defensa de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales.
Encuesta sobre la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 31/2010, de 28 de junio (Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña)
Authors: Blanco Valdés Roberto , Canosa Usera Raúl , Carreras Serra Francesc de , Carrillo López Marc , Corcuera Atienza Javier , García Roca Javier , Parejo Alonso Luciano
Published: July 2018

Esta encuesta, a la que responden especialistas de la disciplina se centra en la Sentencia 31/2010, de 28 de junio, emitida por el Tribunal Constitucional sobre el conjunto de recursos presentados contra el nuevo Estatuto de Cataluña, aprobado por Ley Orgánica 6/2006, de 19 de julio. En ella se plantean diferentes cuestiones relativas al contenido de la sentencia —el valor del preámbulo del Estatuto, la cooficialidad lingüística, órganos e instituciones catalanas y estatales, distribución de competencias y financiación—, así como cuestiones relativas a los votos particulares y al contexto en el que se ha dictado esta sentencia.
La cuestión lingüística en la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña
Authors: Alonso de Antonio Ángel Luis
Published: July 2018

En la S 31/2010, de 28 de junio, el Tribunal Constitucional analiza la regulación lingüística en el nuevo Estatuto de Autonomía dd Cataluña anulando un inciso de un único artículo pero abusando del criterio interpretativo condicionando la constitucionalidad de varios preceptos a lo que el Tribunal Constitucional señala en los respectivos fundamentos jurídicos.