bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrological and meteorological experimentation at the mesoscale
Authors: Brutsaert W. , Alley W. M. , Chappell C. F. , Georgakakos K. P. , Gupta V. K. , Jackson T. J. , Milly P. C. D. , Sellers P.
Published: October 2011

For the past few years, several sectors of the U.S. meteorological community have been actively planning and organizing the National STORM Program. STORM is an acronym for Stormscale Operational and Research Meteorology, and its first major project, called STORM‐Central, will focus on the central third of the United States [Interagency Team for STORM‐Central, 1984]. The overall objective of STORM is to obtain knowledge and techniques that will be useful in forecasting mid‐latitude mesoscale convective systems and their attendant weather. Such systems cause most of the beneficial precipitation and almost all of the threatening events, such as violent thunderstorms, flash floods, hail, high winds, and tornados. The experimental phase of STORM‐Central is now scheduled to take place during the period April–July of 1988 and/or 1989. An upper‐air sounding system with a resolution of 200 km will be deployed over an area from the Gulf Coast of Canada and from the Rocky Mountains to the central Ohio Valley. Within this network a smaller, (i.e., meso‐beta) network will be embedded; this subnetwork will be covered by conventional radars, by upper‐air soundings with a resolution of 100 km, and by automated surface observations with a 40‐km resolution. Finally, a central part of this area will be monitored by a high‐resolution Doppler radar array. This experiment will provide a data set with a high spatial and temporal resolution that is without precedent.
Active Seismic Imaging Experiment
Authors: Berge Patricia A. , Dawson Phillip B. , Evans John R.
Published: October 2011

In September 1985 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) will conduct an active seismic experiment in the Medicine Lake area of northern California. The work is supported by the Geothermal Research Program of USGS and by the Geothermal and Hydropower Technologies Division of the U.S. Department of Energy. We invite interested organizations or individuals to record our explosions from Medicine Lake volcano and surrounding areas not covered by the USGS‐LLNL array.
Section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos is carrying biographies and photographs of candidates for President‐Elect of the Union and for President‐Elect and Secretary of each section. In addition, statements by the candidates for Union and Section President‐Elect will appear. The material for the Geodesy Sections appears below. The material for the Solar‐Planetary Relationships Section appeared in the August 6 issue and that for the Seismology Section in the August 13 issue. The slate of candidates for all offices was carried in the July 2 Eos.
Top sponsors
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In the first seven months of 1985, 1759 members were elected. The top sponsors, AGU members sponsoring three or more new members, are listed below.
AGU Awardees and Medalists
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The recipients of the 1985 Bowie and Hess Medals have been announced by the AGU. These distinctive honors recognize AGU members who have made significant contributions to geophysics.

Presentation of these awards will be made at the 1985 Fall Meeting, December 9–13, in San Francisco, Calif. All Fall Meeting participants are invited to attend the ceremony and the reception that follows on Wednesday evening, December 11.
Second Workshop on the European Geotraverse
Authors: Galson D. A. , Müller S. , Munsch B.
Published: October 2011

The Second Workshop on the European Geotraverse (EGT) Project (Eos, July 19, 1983, p. 458; March 5, 1985, p. 112) was held February 7–9, 1985, at the Venetian Institute of Science, Letters, and Arts, Venice, Italy, and was organized by C. Morelli (Institute of Mining and Applied Geophysics, University of Trieste, Italy) with support from both the Secretariat of the European Science Foundation (ESF) in Strasbourg, France, and the Scientific Coordinating Committee (SCC) for the EGT Project. The workshop focused on the Southern Segment of the EGT (EGT‐S), which encompasses the Central, Southern, and Western Alps, the Po Basin, the Northern Apennines, the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas, Corsica and Sardinia, the Sardinian and Sicilian Channels, and the complex geological structures of Tunisia. About 100 earth scientists, from Austria (1 representative), Belgium (1), Denmark (2), the Federal Republic of Germany (7), France (10), Italy (52), The Netherlands (3), Spain (1), Switzerland (9), Tunisia (6), and the United Kingdom (4), assembled to present and discuss new geological and geophysical data in order to obtain a better understanding of the structure, dynamics, and evolution of the lithosphere in this part of the world and to identify areas where and problems on which further work is needed. A particularly important aspect of the workshop was the presentation of data and results from the EGT‐S 1983 field program, which was primarily a large‐scale land and sea seismic refraction survey that extended from the Southern Alps to southern Sardinia. Another important aspect was preparation for the EGT‐S 1985 field program, which will be a southward extension of the 1983 program to southern Tunisia. The workshop was divided into seven sessions, during which 42 scientific papers were given dealing with various aspects of the regional geophysics, geology, and tectonics.
Dynamic Stratigraphy: An Introduction to Sedimentation and Stratigraphy
Authors: Lorenz John C.
Published: October 2011

This text is an expanded and updated edition of the original 1974 volume. The prose is aimed at an undergraduate readership and is clear and concise. The subtitle of the book, however, gives a better idea of its contents than does the main title, as a significant proportion of the text is devoted to the development and description of sedimentation models of different depositional environments. Regarding the aspects of stratigraphy that could/should be discussed in an undergraduate text, I was somewhat disappointed.
TOGA Meteorological Station Network
Authors: Reynolds Michael , Enfield David , Milburn Hugh , Galasso George , Williams Tim
Published: October 2011

In support of the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program, a series of remote satellite‐reporting meteorological stations is being deployed along the coast of South America and on equatorial islands across the Pacific Ocean. The locations of present and planned installations are shown in Table 1. The program is funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and activity is centered in NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), Seattle, Wash.
Helios
Authors: Gosling J. T.
Published: October 2011

On December 10, 1974, Helios 1, the first of two nearly identical German‐American spacecraft designed to explore interplanetary space in the inner solar system (inside the orbit of earth), was launched into orbit with perihelion 0.3 AU from the sun. Thirteen months later the sister spacecraft, Helios 2, was launched into a similar orbit. To date these are the only spacecraft to reach this proximity to the sun. Each of the Helios spacecraft contained 10 state‐of‐the‐art experiments, variously designed to measure and analyze the solar wind plasma, the interplanetary magnetic field, plasma waves and radio waves, medium‐ and high‐energy solar and galactic cosmic rays, the zodiacal light, interplanetary dust grains, and extra‐solar system gamma ray bursts (Helios 2 only). In addition, ground monitoring of Faraday rotations, Doppler shifts, and temporal delays of the Helios radio signals provided information on the magnetic field and electron density within the solar corona close to the solar limb. Communication links with Helios 2 were maintained until March 1980, while Helios 1 continues to provide useful scientific data more than 10 years after launch. This book, written to provide an overview of the scientific, technical, and managerial triumphs of the missions, celebrates the 10th anniversary of successful Helios operations.
Kerguelen Plateau Research Cruise
Authors: Falvey David A.
Published: October 2011

The Rig Seismic, a new vessel belonging to the Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources, recently completed its first major marine geophysical expedition in the southern Indian Ocean over the Kerguelen Plateau. The scientific objectives of the program were to clarify the plateau's origin, evolution, structure, stratigraphy, and tectonic framework.
Best Student Seismology Paper Award
Authors: Smith Stewart W.
Published: October 2011

Lind S. Gee, a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, is the first recipient of the AGU Seismology Section's newly established Best Student Paper Award. The award was for her paper on the recovery of upper mantle structure by higher‐mode waveform analysis, which was coauthored with A.L. Lerner‐Lamand and T.H. Jordan. The calculations that she presented demonstrated that there is a rich potential for earth structure experiments utilizing these techniques. The award is given on the basis of paper content and presentation, and it was clear that her contribution was outstanding on both counts. Lind received her B.A. in Geology from Harvard in 1982 and expects to complete her Ph.D. work at MIT by 1988.
The Gulf of Aqaba: Ecological Micropaleontology
Authors: Gartner S.
Published: October 2011

Micropaleontological studies in the main are concerned with only one fossil group, and more often than not, micropaleontologists are specialists in the extreme. Only rarely does a group of micropaleontologists get together to bring their combined efforts to bear on a particularly interesting or intractable problem. In this volume the authors have summarized and integrated in one place the very considerable work done, more or less independently, by some 60 scientists from 10 institutions over a period of 12 years on various aspects of ecology, microbiology, and micropaleontology of the Gulf of Aqaba and the northern Red Sea. The book is well organized and profusely (and aptly) illustrated. The short introductory chapter (A) gives the background for the 12‐year effort, a list of participants and their institutional affiliations, and a note on organization entitled “Purpose of the Book.” A second short chapter (B) entitled “Synopsis” might also have been called an extended abstract.
Strong Alaskan earthquake sequence
Authors: Estabrook C. , Davis J. , Gedney L. , Estes S.
Published: October 2011

Large earthquakes associated with Pacific‐North American plate interaction are common in southern Alaska. As the seismicity caused by this plate interaction diffuses into interior Alaska, earthquakes tend to become shallower, smaller, and less frequent.

A recent sequence of large earthquakes in a remote area north of the Yukon River marks the farthest north that events of this magnitude have ever been recorded in the state. The epicentral region was centered about 10 km east of the trans‐Alaska oil pipeline and about 180 km northwest of Fairbanks (Figures 1 and 2). Parameters for the largest events recorded through March 16, 1985, are given in Table 1.,
NSF fellowships available
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Applications are available for National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Fellowships and Minority Graduate Fellowships for 1986–1987. These fellowships include an annual stipend of $11,100 and a cost of education allowance of $6000 per year. The education allowance is provided to each fellow's educational institution in lieu of all tuition and fees. These fellowships are renewable for up to 3 years, depending on the availability of NSF funds.
California demands textbook revisions
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The California state school board decided last month that middle school students should learn more about the theory of evolution than textbook publishers had planned to tell them. The board recently demanded revision of seventh‐ and eighth‐grade science texts, which had been submitted by publishers for use in the state during the next 6 years, largely because of the books' inadequate treatment of evolution.
Precambrian Tectonics Illustrated
Authors: McGill George E.
Published: October 2011

Precambrian Tectonics Illustrated is the final report of the Subcommission on Precambrian Structural Type Regions, Commission on Tectonics, International Union of Geological Sciences. According to the preface, its purpose is “…not to produce conceptual papers, but to show how much can be revealed and solved by accurate mapping and painstaking structural analysis and, by omission, to indicate how much still needs to be done.” It “…was originally intended to serve as a good example which students and younger tectonicians would be drawn to emulate…”. Despite some very good individual chapters, I do not believe that these objectives are fully attained.
Landsat update
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

On September 26, after a 6‐week delay, then‐deputy administrator Anthony J. Calio of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) signed a contract for commercialization of the government's land remote‐sensing satellite (Landsat) system. The following day the Earth Observing Satellite Company (EOSAT), a joint venture of RCA and the Hughes Aircraft Company, assumed operation of the currently operating Landsats 4 and 5. Under the contract the new company also will receive $250 million from the federal government over a 5‐year period to start building Landsats 6 and 7 (Eos, August 20, 1985, p. 604). Calio has since been sworn in as administrator of NOAA.
Changes in relative mean sea level
Authors:   IAPSO Advisory Committee on Tides and Mean Sea Level
Published: October 2011

After some decades of comparative neglect, changes in mean sea level relative to land (RSL) are now appreciated by oceanographers and geophysicists as an important integral parameter of ocean climate and vertical land movement that is fairly easy to measure for long periods. Interest has been raised by the relevance of RSL to “El Niño” events, as shown by the new Pacific island network operated by the University of Hawaii, and by several studies of recent secular rise in global RSL in relation to changes in temperature and glaciation. Monthly RSL maps for the entire tropical Pacific are currently issued in near real time by the Integrated Global Ocean Station System Sea Level Pilot Project. A global network of tide gage stations has recently been proposed by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization in support of the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) and World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) campaigns.
Mineral Physics News Briefs: Peridotite melting at high pressure
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Melting experiments on peridotite are crucial to our understanding of magmatic origins because these olivine‐pyroxene rocks are believed to form most of the earth's upper mantle. In a report published in Nature (vol. 315, 566–568, 1985), E. Takahashi and C. M. Scarfe describe peridotite melting experiments at pressures to 140 kbar that were performed in the large‐volume, split sphere apparatus at Okayama University, Misasa, Japan (see Eos, March 26, 1985, p. 183). These experiments greatly extend the range of known melting relations for this rock type. Previous investigators have found that initial melts are basaltic in composition when generated from peridotite at melting pressures of 30–40 kbar.
Mineral Physics: New choices and directions
Authors: Anderson Orson L.
Published: October 2011

The Mineral Physics Committee convened a workshop October 16–18, 1985, at Lake Arrowhead, Calif., to examine the new directions in mineral physics for the next 5 years. The proceedings of this workshop will provide an explanation to the geophysical and geochemical community of the great new opportunities available to mineral physicists to bear on some of the outstanding problems of the earth. These proceedings will be published within a few months.

The Mineral Physics Committee is at a critical turning point. It became evident at the workshop that a number of new advances will soon provide dramatic advances in our understanding of the earth. Two of them will be mentioned here.
Isherwood joins Senate staff
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Dana J. Isherwood, the 1985–1986 AGU Congressional Science Fellow, has joined the staff of Sen. Albert Gore, Jr. (D‐Tenn.), as a legislative assistant on energy issues. After 6 weeks as a Fellow, Isherwood called her role “exciting, demanding, and challenging.”

In Gore's office, Isherwood concentrates on nuclear waste issues and groundwater pollution. As legislative assistant, she must present the opposing viewpoints on an issue, she explained. “It's essentially a fact‐gathering procedure, to get the information together so that the senator can make up his mind.” Isherwood has met with program managers of nuclear waste projects sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE) and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and with Tennessee state officials.
Marine plan for Caribbean
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Academy of Sciences Ocean Studies Board is organizing a meeting on January 8–9, 1986, in Washington, D.C., to develop a marine scientific plan for the Caribbean region. The plan, which will focus on geological and fishery processes and resources, is expected to be of high scientific quality and be beneficial to the countries involved.
NOAA official sworn in
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

J. Curtis Mack II was sworn in as Deputy Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on November 26. In that position, “Mack will provide policy guidance and determine technical program content and budget for all of NOAA's components,” according to a NOAA announcement.
32nd Pacific Northwest Regional Meeting
Authors: Slawson William
Published: October 2011

The 32nd annual meeting of the Pacific Northwest Branch of AGU (PNAGU) was held September 6–7, 1985, at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. The first session, chaired by R. D. Hyndman, was opened by R. H. T. Smith, president (pro tem) of the university. Following the opening exercises the initial speaker, R. L. Armstrong, provided a thorough background with his talk entitled “Sutures, Terranes, and Magmatism in the Canadian Cordillera.” The remainder of the morning was filled by a variety of papers covering tectonics and seismology.
Scripps expedition recovers equipment
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A team of marine scientists and technicians recently located and retrieved more than $0.5 million in oceanographic instruments that had been considered lost on the sea floor. The retrievals from depths up to 4.8 km were made with the help of newly developed grappling hooks designed to hold on to the wires of instrument moorings (Figure 1).

The Scripps Institution of Oceanography, part of the University of California, San Diego, announced that six separate moorings of oceanographic instruments were recovered in a month‐long operation last summer on the Scripps research vessel Melville. The operation took place in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, southeast of Hawaii.
Laboratory modeling of coastal upwelling
Authors: Narimousa S. , Maxworthy T.
Published: October 2011

With the advent of routine satellite investigations of the coastal regions where wind‐induced upwelling occurs (L.C. Breaker and C.N.K. Mooers (manuscript in preparation); Flament et al. [1985]) has come an increased appreciation for the complexity of the flows that can be produced. These are revealed especially in the surface temperature and chlorophyll fields, which often show a complex filamentary structure that is clearly related to the transport of surface water by interacting mesoscale eddies and large‐amplitude waves. In many cases these features are observed to propagate along shore in the direction of the applied wind stress, but often they are found to be quasi‐stationary. It has been speculated that this latter effect is due to the influence of bottom topography or coastline features to which these large‐scale flow features can become locked and then produce outward meandering jets. Often the features tend to drift offshore and in the direction of the applied stress, allowing new features to develop in their place (see, for example, Mooers and Robinson [1984] or Narimousa and Maxworthy [1985]). In this article we describe a series of laboratory experiments designed to study some of the questions raised by this line of reasoning and to compare experimentally determined values of certain of the observed features to values obtained from satellite and field observations.
WOCE Ocean Surface Layer Group
Authors: deSzoeke Roland
Published: October 2011

The initial meeting of a U.S. working group to consider the surface layers of the ocean and their role in the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was held January 25, 1985, at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) in La Jolla, Calif., under the auspices of the U.S. WOCE Science Steering Committee. Present were A. Bennett (Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sydney, Canada), F. Bretherton (National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, Colo.), C. Collins (National Science Foundation (NSF), Washington, D.C.), R. Davis (SIO), R. deSzoeke (Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis), D. Halpern (University of Washington, Seattle), W. Large (NCAR), J . Luyten (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, Mass.), J. McWilliams, (NCAR), W. Nowlin (Texas A&M University, College Station, Tex.), C. Paulson (OSU), C. Rooth (Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Miami, Fla.), R. Weiss (SIO), R. Weller (WHOI), W. White (SIO), and C. Wunsch (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.).
1985 Bowie Medal to H. William Menard
Authors: McNutt Marcia , Menard H. William
Published: October 2011

Today we are here to award the Bowie Medal, the highest honor bestowed by the American Geophysical Union, to Henry William Menard. Bill Menard's outstanding contributions to geological sciences span 4 decades, making him one of only a handful of geologists of his generation to survive, and go on to lead, the plate tectonic revolution. Bill has given us ocean basins and rises, fracture zones and depth anomalies, crenelate ridges and pivoting subduction. His books on the history and sociology of science are well respected by experts in the field. For those of us who would aspire to some measure of significance and longevity in our own careers, it is appropriate on this occasion to catalogue some of Bill's attributes, which continue to sustain a lifetime of achievement.
Voyager 2 at Uranus
Authors: Katzoff Judith A. , Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The Voyager 2 spacecraft, hurtling toward its January 24, 1986, closest approach to Uranus, is sending several surprises back to earth. One is the discovery of another moon; the other is the absence of expected radio noise at a distance less than 800 times the planet's radius.

As Eos went to press, a sixth moon had been discovered orbiting the planet. The moon, roughly 56 km in diameter, orbits Uranus every 18 hours, 17 minutes, 9 seconds. The new moon is closer to the planet (86,000 km) than the five previously known moons: Miranda (130,000 km), Ariel (192,000 km), Umbriel (267,000 km), Titania (438,000 km), and Oberon (568,000 km).
1985 Hess Medal to Gerald J. Wasserburg
Authors: Kaula William M. , Wasserburg Gerald
Published: October 2011

This is the first presentation of the Harry Hess Medal. Harry Hess was long Professor of Geology at Princeton. He is most renowned as a founding father of seafloor spreading but contributed significantly to a variety of advances in geology and petrology. Harry Hess died in 1969 after seeing man land on the moon, an event of interest to him as chair of the Space Science Board.
Earth's Earliest Biosphere: Its Origin and Evolution
Authors: Hoering Thomas C.
Published: October 2011

This book is a milestone in our understanding of the origin of life on earth and its subsequent early development. Its editor, J. E. Schopf, assembled an interdisciplinary team of 24 experts, the Precambrian Paleobiology Research Group (PPRG), who worked together for 14 months. Their official report, the volume reviewed here, has the following stated goals: first, to report the original research results obtained by the PPRG; second, to provide an in‐depth summary of relevant data; third, to provide an integrated assessment of current evidence on the early history of life; and fourth, to highlight unsolved problems. T h e book succeeds admirably in achieving these goals.
Spacelab: Research in Earth Orbit
Authors: Lanzerotti Louis J.
Published: October 2011

Spacelab, designed and built by the European Space Agency (ESA) to be flown on the space shuttle, provides a laboratory environment in space. Spacelab 1, the center of attention in this volume, was flown into earth orbit in late November 1983 on the NASA space shuttle Columbia and was truly a mission that accomplished “science around the clock, around the world.” An ambitious technological undertaking by the Europeans, the building of Spacelab aroused at times considerable scientific and political passions regarding the directions of space and technological research. Spacelab 1 decisively demonstrated that a complicated project encompassing some 70 individual investigations could be designed, built, assembled, managed, and flown successfully to provide both new scientific and technological results as well as engineering information of the type required for future space research. That Spacelab 1 was a considerable success is amply testified by this volume, prepared by two British scientists who have been closely associated with European space science and technology programs for many years.
Telescope delay advances EOM
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has switched the launch date for the Hubble Space Telescope with that of the first Earth Observation Mission (EOM). Under the current plan, the Space Telescope will be launched October 27, 1986, and EOM will lift off August 18, 1986.

Although the Space Telescope is still expected to be delivered to Kennedy Space Center on schedule, it has taken longer than expected to integrate the instruments with the spacecraft, according to a spokesman with the NASA Office of Space Flight. As a precaution, NASA managers decided to switch the dates for the Space Telescope and EOM, according to a NASA press release.
1985 James B. Macelwane Awards
Authors: Reid George C. , Solomon Susan , Smith Martin L. , Wahr John
Published: October 2011

Susan Solomon was born in Chicago and pursued her studies in chemistry first at the Illinois Institute of Technology and later at the University of California in Berkeley, where she became a student of Harold Johnston and first became acquainted with the unsolved problems of atmospheric chemistry. The realization in the 1970s that stratospheric ozone was both critical to life on earth and highly vulnerable to chemical destruction led to a great upsurge of interest in the chemistry of the middle atmosphere, the region lying between the tropopause and the base of the main ionosphere at about 100 km altitude. Susan quickly became deeply involved in the highly complex task of modeling the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere and completed her thesis work at NCAR [National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colo.] in collaboration with Paul Crutzen. Her work soon led her to confront the fundamental problem of the interaction between atmospheric chemistry and dynamics. It is in providing us with greater insight into this question that Susan has made her major contributions.
Geomagnetic Workshop, Canberra
Authors: Barton C. E. , Lilley F. E. M. , Milligan P. R.
Published: October 2011

On May 14–15, 1985, 63 discerning geomagnetists flocked to Canberra to attend the Geomagnetic Workshop coorganized by the Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources (BMR) and the Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University (ANU). With an aurorally glowing cast that included an International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) president, former president, and division chairman, the Oriental Magneto‐Banquet (which was the center of the meeting), was assured of success. As a cunning ploy to mask the true nature of this gastronomic extravagance from the probings of income tax departments, a presentation of scientific papers on Australian geomagnetism in its global setting was arranged.

The Australian region, including New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, and a large sector of the Antarctic, covers one eighth of the Earth's surface and historically has played an important role in the study of geomagnetism. The region contains both the south magnetic and geomagnetic poles, and two Australian Antarctic stations (Casey and Davis) are situated in the region of the south polar cusp (see Figure 1).
GALE program observes snowstorms
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Residents of the northeast coast of the United States often receive little warning when a heavy snowstorm is headed their way. In an effort to improve prediction of the winter storms that develop rapidly just off the Carolina coasts, about 200 scientists, engineers, and technicians from 25 U.S. research groups are collaborating on a $10 million, 2‐month research project called the Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE).

The project, which began January 15, 1985, will concentrate high‐technology observing systems in a relatively small area. Researchers hope that having a more detailed description of air flow, mass, and moisture fields in East Coast winter storms will improve the short‐range forecasting of coastal storms and foster the development of more refined computer models to predict the storms. GALE will allow them to look at how the Appalachian Mountains, the coastal landscape, and the Atlantic Ocean (specifically, the Gulf Stream) contribute to the formation of winter storms, according to an announcement by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colo.
December streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

It was a wet December for most of the nation's streams, highlighted by a record high flow of the Mississippi River, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. Flow of the Mississippi River at Vicksburg, Miss., averaged 765 billion gallons per day (bgd) during the month, the highest December flow in 58 years of record keeping. The previous record high for December was 741 bdg in 1982.

The Mississippi, St. Lawrence, and Columbia rivers, which drain more than half of the conterminous United States, serve as a general indicator of the status of the nation's surface water resources. The combined flow of these “Big Three” rivers for December was 987 bgd, which was 86% more than the long‐term December average.
Fulbright Grants available
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES) is accepting applications for the 1987–1988 Fulbright Scholar Awards. More than 300 grants in research and 700 grants in university lecturing are available for periods ranging from 3 months to a full academic year, with openings in more than 100 countries and some opportunities for research in more than one country.

Fulbright awards are granted in virtually all disciplines. Scholars of all academic ranks, including retired faculty and independent scholars, are eligible to apply. Fulbright scholars must be U.S. citizens with a Ph.D. or comparable professional qualifications, have university or college teaching experience, and, for selected assignments, be proficient in a foreign language.
Uranus: Voyager 2 encounter
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T.
Published: October 2011

The discovery of 10 new satellites, of at least two new rings, of a tilted magnetosphere, and of an outer magnetosphere devoid of plasma were among the scientific gems that Voyager 2 sent back from Uranus to earth late last month. Preliminary results from the encounter that were presented at press conferences during the encounter week at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., are summarized here. Voyager 2's next planetary encounter, with Neptune, will be in August 1989.
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The following hearings and markups have been tentatively scheduled forthecoming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669).

February 18: Oversight hearing on the space shuttle accident, by the Science, Technology, and Space Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee. Room SR‐253, Russell Senate OfficeBuilding, 2:00 P.M.
John Cherry wins Horton Award
Authors: Gillham Robert W. , Cherry John
Published: October 2011

The recipient of the 1985 Robert T. Horton Award is John Cherry. As John's colleague and friend for the past 12 years, it is a great privilege and honor for me to have been asked to prepare the citation for this award.

John received his bachelor's degree in geological engineering from the University of Saskatchewan and his M.S., also in geological engineering, from the University of California at Berkeley. After earning his Ph.D. in geology at the University of Illinois, John spent 1 year in postdoctoral study at the University of Bordeaux, France, before returning to Canada in 1967 as an assistant professor of geology at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg. John joined the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Waterloo as an associate professor in 1971. At Waterloo he is currently a full professor and Director of the Institute for Groundwater Research.
Hydrogeology salary survey
Authors: McCray Kevin
Published: October 2011

The average hydrogeologist works for a private consulting firm, has a master's degree, studied geology to earn that degree, has more than 8 years of professional experience, and earns between $32,501 and $35,000 annually, according to the results of a recent survey among members of the groundwater scientific community. Some 63% of 388 responses received from the 5001 questionnaires distributed by the Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers, a division of the National Water Well Association(NWWA), were from individuals who said that they were employed as hydrogeologists.
Artificial recharge questionaire
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

During its early December meeting, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Task Committee on Guidelines for Artificial Recharge of Groundwater finalized a questionnaire designed for worldwide distribution. The questionnaire will request information on artificial recharge research, operating projects, results of practice, available publications, and contact personnel. The task committee proposes to present the information in an ASCE publication and eventually develop a “Standard Guideline” to be published under the ASCE standards program.
U.S. National Subcomitee for IAHS
Authors: Peters Helen J.
Published: October 2011

A meeting of the Subcommittee for the International Association for Hydrologic Sciences (IAHS) of the U.S. National Committee for the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG, the parent of IAHS and other associations) was held in San Francisco, Calif., on December 10, 1985. Items of business included the change in terms of office of each member association (including IAHS) to accommodate interfacing with IUGG, production of the list of hydrologist members of IAHS, proposal by the to hold the IAHS Third Scientific Assembly on the east coast of the United States in 1989, the upcoming IAHS meetings in Budapest (1986) and Vancouver, Canada (1987, in conjunction with the IUGG Quadrennial Assembly), and briefing on current IUGG issues.
Transport phenomena in porous media
Authors: Bear Jacob , Corapcioglu M. Yavuz
Published: October 2011

The Advanced Study Institute on Fundamentals of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, held July 14–23, 1985 in Newark, Del. and directed by Jacob Bear (Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa) and M. Yavuz Corapcioglu (City College of New York), under the auspices of NATO, was a sequel to the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) held in 1982 (proceedings published as Fundamentals of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, J. Bear, and M.Y. Corapcioglu (Ed.), Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1984). The meeting was attended by 106 participants and lecturers from 21 countries.

As in the first NATO/ASI, the objective of this meeting—which was a combination of a conference of experts and a teaching institute— was to present and discuss selected topics of transport in porous media. In selecting topics and lecturers, an attempt was made to bridge the gap that sometimes exists between research and practice. An effort was also made to demonstrate the unified approach to the transport of mass of a fluid phase, components of a fluid phase, momentum, and heat in a porous medium domain. The void space may be occupied by a single fluid phase or by a number of such phases; each fluid may constitute a multicomponent system; the solid matrix may be deformable; and the whole process of transport in the system may take place under nonisothermal conditions, with or without phase changes. Such phenomena are encountered in a variety of disciplines, e.g., petroleum engineering, civil engineering (in connection with groundwater flow and contamination), soil mechanics, and chemical engineering. One of the goals of the 1985 NATO/ASI, as in the 1982 institute, was to bring together experts from all these disciplines and enhance communication among them.
Shuttle science missions officially postponed
Authors: Reiff Patricia
Published: October 2011

As expected, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) postponed the Astro 1, Ulysses, and Galileo missions pending the investigation into the shuttle disaster on January 28, 1986 (Eos, February 4, 1986, p. 57). The Astro 1 visible and ultraviolet telescopes had been planned to fly in March to view Comet Halley during the times of the European, Japanese, and Russian spacecraft encounters. Ulysses (formerly the International Solar Polar Mission) had been planned for a May launch and was to have used a Jupiter swing‐by to escape the ecliptic plane. Galileo, a tandem Jupiter orbiter and probe, was also scheduled for a launch during the May “window” for Jovian missions.
Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere
Authors: Stolarski R. S.
Published: October 2011

Brasseur and Solomon correctly identify the title of their book Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere as somewhat obscure. In fact, many of the practitioners in the field would not identify themselves as aeronomers, and certainly the term “middle atmosphere” does not immediately register in every scientist's brain. Nevertheless, the middle atmosphere is a real and interesting place, and the aeronomy of that region is significant. There has been a virtual boom in the scientific study of this region, mostly because of the current concern with the maintenance of the stratospheric ozone layer and its possible perturbation.
Change in editorial structure for JGR‐Solid Earth and Planets
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

On February 28, 1986, the Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR) Editorial Search Committee decided to select a board of six or seven editors to replace retiring JGR‐Solid Earth and Planets editor Gerald Schubert. The committee, made up of the presidents‐elect of the solid earth sections, a representative of the Publications Committee, and the retiring editor, determined that this organization would be most effective for this section of JGR.

The Solid Earth and Planets section of JGR has grown dramatically during the tenure of the current editor. The Union sees further opportunities for growth in the coming years as newly developing areas begin to bear fruit. Attracting the best papers to AGU journals is viewed as an essential part of the mandate for serving the information needs of all members.
Evidence for the formation of a new trench in the western Pacific
Authors: Kroenke Loren W. , Walker Daniel A.
Published: October 2011

Shallow intraplate earthquakes, recently detected along an arcuate zone extending from the northern side of the Caroline Ridge across the western Pacific to the southern end of Kiribati (see cover), may portend a northward shift in convergence between the Indo‐Australia and Pacific plates. Low‐amplitude seafloor structures along this zone indicate recent deformation and, in places, suggest trench‐forearc morphology. These earthquakes and seafloor structures may provide evidence for the formation of a new subduction zone: the Micronesian Trench. The western end of the postulated trench seems to be part of a complex triple junction at the concurrence of the Yap, Mariana, and Micronesian trenches. The eastern end joins the Tonga Trench south of Savaii, Western Samoa. Detailed regional studies will be necessary to delineate further the postulated Micronesian Trench. The fact that important earthquakes indicating this structure were not detected by the existing worldwide network of seismic stations suggests the need for a comprehensive reevaluation of oceanic intraplate seismicity.
SOT project cut from NASA Budget
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

About a decade ago, the solar physics community decided that its next major project should be the building of a Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) that would be flown on the space shuttle as a Spacelab payload. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) deemed the project “facility class instrumentation,” issued an announcement of opportunity, chose investigators, contractors, and a science working group, and began funding SOT planning efforts. After what one source involved with the project called “a long and lusty history,” SOT was cut out of the agency's budget request for fiscal year (FY) 1987, released last month (Eos, February 25, 1986, p. 95). The project may be revived, planners say, but in a scaled‐down, renamed form.
Swedish satellite launched
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Viking, Sweden's first satellite, was launched February 21, 1986, by an Ariane rocket, and initial results show that all of Viking's experiments are working properly. The 535‐kg satellite carried the French remote sensing satellite SPOT in a “piggyback” arrangement. After the Ariane rocket put Viking and SPOT into orbit at about 800 km above the earth, a boost motor on Viking propelled it into orbit at 13,500 km above the earth.

Viking's scientific objective is the study of ionospheric and magnetospheric phenomena associated with the aurora. The satellite carries five main experiments, examining electric fields, magnetic fields, particles, waves, and ultraviolet imaging. Scientists from Sweden, France, Denmark, Canada, and the United States are part of Viking's scientific teams, according to Tom Potemra of the Applied Physics Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University in Laurel, Md., principal investigator for Viking's magnetic field experiment.
Downhole temperature acquisition system installed in an offshore Canadian Arctic well
Authors: Taylor Al , Judge Alan , Allen Vic , Hill Mark , Harrington Jim , Woodroffe David , Baudais Denis , Duguid Alan , Uhrich Ian
Published: October 2011

A long‐standing problem in measuring the terrestrial heat flow beneath the ocean floors has been the acquisition of deep temperature information comparable to that more readily obtained on the continents. While rather sophisticated sediment temperature and in situ thermal conductivity probes have evolved over the years from the simplicity of the Bullard and Ewing designs [Langseth, 1965; Lister, 1979; Hyndman et al., 1979], they are limited to a few meters of penetration. The improved accuracy and detail afforded by these later designs have revealed dynamic phenomena that are crucial to an understanding of processes in the ocean lithosphere [e.g., Anderson et al., 1979; Langseth and Herman, 1981] and that can best be studied in deep holes over an extended period of time. Recently, a prototype system has been installed in an offshore petroleum exploration well in the Canadian Arctic to demonstrate the technology of measuring precise wellbore temperatures to hundreds of meters depth at frequent intervals over a period of several years.
Report suggests IGBP priorities
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In order to understand the physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate the earth's environment—the environment that allows life to flourish—a program must be undertaken in which “scientific disciplines forsake their accustomed imperatives and serve as tools rather than ends in themselves,” according to a recent report from the U.S. Committee for an International Geosphere‐Biosphere Program (IGBP). This National Research Council (NRC) committee made recommendations for initial priorities for a program to study “global change in the geosphere‐biosphere.”

The committee recommended that an IGBP should emphasize studies in three types of areas: those that seem most likely to explain interactions that might lead to significant change in the next 100 yr, those that most affect the biosphere, and those that are most susceptible to human perturbation. In their report, entitled “Global Change in the Geosphere‐Biosphere: Initial Priorities for an IGBP,” they laid out a framework for a program beginning in the 1990s and continuing “well beyond the dawn of the next century.” They recommended that a series of international workshops be held over the next 2 yr (possibly organized by the International Council of Scientific Unions) so that experts can make plans in greater detail for an IGBP.
1986 AGU medalists and awardees announced
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The recipients of the 1986 Bowie, Ewing, and Horton Medals and the Smith and Macelwane Awards have been announced by AGU. These distinctive honors recognize AGU members who make significant contributions to geophysics.

The William Bowie Medal is awarded to James Dooge of University College, Dublin, Ireland, for outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish cooperation in research. The Maurice Ewing Award will be presented to John Imbrie of Brown University, Providence, R.I. This honor is awarded for significant original contributions to understanding physical, geophysical, and geological processes in the ocean and/or outstanding service to marine sciences. The medal is presented jointly by the U.S. Navy and AGU.
The Natural Environment and the Biogeochemical Cycles
Authors: Hines Mark E.
Published: October 2011

The field of environmental chemistry is broad and multidisciplinary, with ill‐defined boundaries. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry series is a useful compilation that has attempted, through several parts of three volumes, to meet the needs of the diverse environmental science community by presenting reviews of topics directly germane to the discipline as well as topics situated along disciplinary borders. The objectives of the series are to present a uniform view of the chemistry of the environment, to discuss the distribution of chemical reactions and the equilibrium between environmental compartments, to aid in the understanding and development of tests and models to predict the fate of new chemicals, and to present the properties of selected important compounds. Volume 1 deals with characteristics of the natural environment and the biogeochemical cycles. Part D, reviewed here, is divided into four chapters: the cycles of copper, silver, and gold; modeling the global carbon cycle; chemical limnology; and environmental microbiology. The apparent disparity among these subjects is not surprising when viewed in relation to parts A–C, which address more traditional and general subjects.