Fasciolеsis in the subjects of the North Caucasus as a probable biological, epidemiological and epizootic threat to the population and animal husbandry
Authors:   Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kabardino-Balkar State Agrarian University by V. M. Kokov, Nalchik, Russian Federation, Bittirov A. M. , Shemyakova S. A. ,   Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor of the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation, Laipanov B. K. ,   Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor of the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bolatchiev K. Kh. ,   Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Epidemiology, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute, North Caucasus State Academy, Cherkessk, Russian Federation, Arkelova M. R. ,   Assistant of the Department of Epidemiology, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute, North Caucasus State Academy, Cherkessk, Russian Federation, Bittirov I. A. ,   Student, Kabardino-Balkar State Agrarian University named after V. M. Kokov, Nalchik, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

When analyzing statistical materials from 32 polyclinics in 15 cities of the North Caucasus (Grozny, Gudermes, Argun, Magas, Nazran, Vladikavkaz, Beslan, Ardon, Karachaevsk, Cherkessk , Nalchik, Nartkala, Baksan, Prokhladny and Mayskiy) in 18,0 thousand samples of feces, the indices of occurrence per 100 thousand of population and abundance of F. gigantica eggs were 0, which indicates an epidemic the well-being of the region in relation to zoonosis, thanks to the program organization of health education of the population. At the same time, for fascioliasis (Fasciola gigantica) of sheep, cattle and buffaloes, all 5 Republics of the North Caucasus belong to the disadvantaged regions of southern Russia with a critical risk index for the biosafety of livestock industries in all climatic zones of the subject due to the weak and half implementation of antiepizootic measures. In 5 Republics of the North Caucasus in 2011–2019. The indices of the incidence and abundance of fascioliasis in sheep, cattle and buffaloes increased by 2–3 times, which indicates the threat of invasion to the efficiency of livestock subsectors in the region. Our data indicate a high level of sanitary contamination of the soils of near-village pastures in the plain and foothill zones of all subjects of the North Caucasus with invasive elements of the causative agent of giant fascioliasis and their absence in the soils of distant pastures. In 100% of soil samples from rural pastures in the plain and foothill zone, invasive eggs of Fasciola gigantica were identified, which, according to forecasts, may lead to the spread of parthenitis among intermediate hosts, followed by the spread of invasion among the population of 5 regions, such as the Chechen and Ingush Republics, RNOAlania, Kabardino-Balkarian and Karachay-Cherkess Republics.