bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the ecological fallacy through sampling distributions constructed from finite populations
Authors: Torres David J. , Rouson Damain
Published: August 2024

Correlation coefficients
and linear regression values computed from group averages can differ from correlation coefficients and linear regression values computed using individual scores. This observation known as the ecological fallacy often assumes that all the individual scores are available from a population. In many situations, one must use a sample from the larger population. In such cases, the computed correlation coefficient and linear regression values will depend on the sample that is chosen and the underlying sampling distribution.
The sampling distribution of correlation coefficients and linear regression values for group averages will be identical to the sampling distribution for individuals for normally distributed variables for random samples drawn from infinitely large continuous distributions.
However, data that is acquired in practice is often acquired when sampling without replacement from a finite population. Our objective is to demonstrate through Monte Carlo simulations that the
sampling distributions for
correlation and linear regression will also be similar for individuals and group averages when sampling without replacement from normally distributed variables. These simulations suggest that when a random sample from a population is selected, the correlation coefficients and linear regression values computed from individual scores will not be more accurate in estimating the entire population values compared to samples when group averages are used as long as the sample size is the same.
Evaluation of 2010 heatwave prediction skill by SLNE coupled model
Authors: Fadeev Rostislav Yu.
Published: August 2024

SLNE is the coupled model, that was developed in 2023. SL and NE here are the first two letters from SLAV (Semi-Lagrangian, based on Absolute Vorticity equation) model of the atmosphere and NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) ocean model that have been coupled using OASIS3-MCT software. The initial conditions for SLAV and NEMO are specified from an atmospheric and ocean analyses produced in Hydrometcentre of Russia. The 2010–2021 hindcast accuracy study shows, that SLNE has comparable errors to the operational SLAV model on a sub-seasonal time scale. The SLNE model has improved prediction skill of the 2010 heatwave features in comparison to SLAV, that is a motivation for further work to improve the coupled model.
SOBRE A CURIOSIDADE [PLUTARCO]
Authors: Baratieri Pedro Luz
Published: August 2024

Apresenta-se uma tradução, a partir de versão italiana, mas com atenção ao original grego, do tratado "Sobre a Curiosidade" (Perí Polypragmosyne), de autoria do filósofo grego Plutarco. Nesse tratado, Plutarco começa dando uma definição de curiosidade como um grande desejo de saber dos males alheios. Descreve, então, diversas consequências maléficas disso que seria uma paixão ou mesmo doença da alma. Em síntese, o curioso, ao preocupar-se com a vida alheia, descuida da própria. No entanto, uma vez que se trata de um desejo intenso (ou seja, de amor) de saber, Plutarco recomenda-nos o redirecionamento dessa paixão e não que a extirpemos de todo. Um modo de redirecioná-la seria voltá-la para a vida dos grandes homens ou mesmo para os grandes acontecimentos históricos. Além disso, dando mostrar de sua concepção ascética da filosofia, o filósofo grego prescreve uma série de exercícios pelos quais aprenderíamos, pouco a pouco, a controlar essa paixão malsã. De resto, a tradução é precedida por uma introdução do tradutor brasileiro, que tenta sublinhar a relevância da obra de Plutarco bem como do tema em questão.
SOBRE A UNIDADE E A UNIVERSALIDADE DA LÓGICA
Authors: Da Costa Newton , Da Silva Santos Katia Cilene
Published: August 2024

Neste ensaio, refletimos sobre a unidade e a universalidade da lógica, por meio de duas questões fundamentais. Em primeiro lugar, discutimos se, dentre as várias lógicas existentes atualmente, haveria alguma melhor do que as outras. Em segundo, debruçamo-nos sobre o problema de saber se o mundo real é governado por uma determinada lógica. Remetendo as questões aos seus fundamentos, defendemos o pluralismo e mostramos que a avaliação das lógicas não se dá por questões de índole meramente formal, envolvendo princípios históricos, pragmáticos e dialéticos ligados aos diversos contextos racionais aos quais elas são aplicadas. Mostramos ainda que o mundo real não é governado por nenhuma lógica específica, mas por variadas lógicas, e que há sempre uma espécie de ambiguidade e um jogo adaptativo entre os aspectos reais do mundo e os formais da lógica.
As Migrações Internacionais e a Ficção da Nacionalidade:
Authors: Corrêa Dode Júnior Hermes , Friedrich Tatyana Scheila
Published: August 2024

Resumo: O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar como a noção de nacionalidade e de cidadania, legitimados com o surgimento do Estado-Nação, promovem a exclusão dos sujeitos imigrantes. A hipótese, defendida no trabalho, é a de que as normas que regulamentam as fronteiras nacionais atribuem ao agente migratório discricionariedade para definir quem pode ou não entrar em cada país, permitindo o uso de argumentos securitários para barrar a entrada de sujeitos indesejados em detrimento do reconhecimento da migração como um direito humano. Para a realização da pesquisa utilizou-se o método qualitativo, amparando-se nas contribuições de Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) sobre a relação entre cidadania, nacionalidade, Estado-Nação e exclusão de determinados sujeitos. Os resultados da pesquisa vêm a demonstrar que, nos últimos anos, as normas de direito público internacional legitimaram critérios securitários para o controle das fronteiras, o que acabou por acarretar a violação dos direitos humanos de diversos imigrantes. Conclui-se que uma mudança de perspectiva em relação à necessária vinculação entre nacionalidade e Estado-Nação deve ser questionada nos ordenamentos jurídicos locais e internacional, a fim de garantir os direitos humanos do sujeito imigrante.
Multi-omics strategy reveals that Cordyceps sinensis ameliorates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury via reprogramming of mitochondrial energy metabolism and macrophage polarization
Authors: Chen Lin , Yang Tong , Wu Jiangpeng , Cheng Guangqing , Zhao Minghong , Zhou Yanyan , Wong Yin Kwan , Zhang Junzhe , Guo Qiuyan , Tang Huan , Wang Jigang
Published: August 2024

Cordyceps sinensis (CS) has been widely used as a dietary supplement or traditional medicine for the prevention, treatment, and prognostication of various diseases, because of its pleiotropic pharmacological properties. However, the potential pharmacological action of CS in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) remains poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the potential pharmacological action of CS against S-AKI and the underlying mechanisms. CS treatment effectively ameliorated renal dysfunction and injury in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced S-AKI, as indicated by the suppression of inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion. Multi-omic analyses suggested that the promotion of mitochondrial energy metabolism might be a potential mechanism through which CS protects mice against S-AKI induced by LPS. Subsequent validation assays confirmed that CS treatment substantially restored the activity of mitochondrial complexes, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP production. Moreover, CS concomitantly promoted transition of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages with increased oxidative phosphorylation, thus indicating that macrophage polarization may also be a potential target for S-AKI treatment. Our findings demonstrated that CS significantly ameliorated renal injury and inflammation in S-AKI by regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism and macrophage polarization, thus providing new insights into the clinical use of CS for the prevention and treatment of S-AKI.
Die Willensfreiheit des Kindes wertschätzen – Prolegomena zu einer pädagogischen Ethik der Responsivität in nachmythischer Zeit
Authors: Skiera Ehrenhard
Published: August 2024

If we pursue the question of the child’s freedom of will as a resistive factor in the process of education from a historical and systematic point of view, a significant and at the same time still highly controversial change in thought and action can be observed. With the release of man from his childship to God initiated by the Enlightenment, pedagogical authority loses its once absolute basis of legitimacy. The educator’s claim to unconditional obedience on the part of the child is gradually being called into doubt – right up to the radical view of an ideology-critical philosophy of education today that the only legitimate judge of pedagogical interventions is their addressee itself, namely the child and the later adult. For the ethics of education, this means a shift in emphasis from the authoritative should to the conciliatory dialogue with the child, which is in principle open-ended. In the process of upbringing/education, the child is now conceded a relevant voice that can count on being heard and receiving an understanding response.
Invisible Children: the Face and Reverse of Special Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1958–1990
Authors: Šušnjara Snježana
Published: August 2024

Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) was one of the republics of the former Yugoslavia (SFRJ), a state with an established totalitarian regime that kept its subjects under control and imposed a recognized ideology on them. Although it tried to present itself as a country with equal rights for all people, that was not the case. Namely, the example of people with disabilities reveals the double face of the regime. While other republics developed already inherited institutions for the care of children with disabilities, BiH did not even have a higher education institution for the education of specialists for working with children and adults with disabilities until the mid-1990s. Special elementary schools were also rare. In some elementary schools, there were auxiliary departments for children with disabilities. Segregation was highly emphasized and parents often hid their children because of shame and public condemnation. In this paper, I will try to show how the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina treated special education within the state of Yugoslavia. It is obvious that, despite the needs, special education in BiH was underdeveloped. At the higher education institutions that trained future teachers, there was no mention of working with children with disabilities. For the most part, schools solved this issue according to their priorities and possibilities. Although they talked about the importance of health and inclusion in the education of all, the example of this republic shows the opposite. So, it is evident that the ideology of a totalitarian regime in the 20th century misuses the concept of child health. In doing so, such regimes use childcare to publicly promote their ideological intentions and social awareness while the situation in practice testifies otherwise. From the data obtained by researching three pedagogical journals in the period from 1958–1990, it is clear that special education remained somewhere in the corner and that schools or teachers decided by themselves whether or not they would accept these children into their environment. Therefore, the situation in education in BiH, a society that called itself socialistic, often had results that showed the opposite, and this was exactly what was reflected in the field of special education.
Educational Studies in Wartime: How War and Dictatorship influenced the Educational Theory of Philipp Abraham Kohnstamm (1875–1951)
Authors: Exalto John
Published: August 2024

Between the two World Wars, the Amsterdam physicist Philipp Abraham Kohnstamm (1 875–1951) became one of the founders of Dutch academic pedagogy. In the theory developed by Kohnstamm in the 1920s, the war played a significant role in the background. Kohnstamm’s philosophy of personalism was intended as a defense against fascist tendencies towards Gleichschaltung and dictatorship. With his educational ideas, Kohnstamm wanted to strenghten democratic citizenship and the emancipation of the lower classes. In the 1930s, Kohnstamm entered into a debate with National Socialism and emerged as a principled proponent of democracy and democratic education. As a German and Jew of origin, who later became Dutch and Christian, the rise of National Socialism strongly influenced Kohnstamm and it caused that he only finished three of the seven planned volumes of his magnum opus. In this paper, in which Kohnstamm’s resistance against war and dictatorship is further elaborated, the Dutch scholar is presented as a case of educational studies in wartime.
From Scout Boy to Pioneer. An Example of Political Misuse of the Concept of a Youth Organization of Scout Boys in Slovakia
Authors: Kudláčová Blanka , Gubricová Janette
Published: August 2024

The Scout Boys, which had the original name Junák in Czechoslovakia, began official activity on our territory in 1914. Their promisingly developing membership base and attractive activity were disrupted by the events of World War II. Even before the coup in 1948, the Communists began massively building their party structures. One of the goals was to build a single and unified youth organization under the control of the Communist Party. Between 1945 and 1949, they gradually “united” all children’s and youth organizations that resumed their activities after World War II. One of them was Junák, which before the war had the largest membership base in Czechoslovakia and a welldeveloped system of working with children. The goal of our research was to find out how the children’s organization Junák was incorporated into the Czechoslovak Youth Union after the communist coup in 1948 and how its gradual transformation into the children’s Pioneer organization. In our research, we used periodical professional literature and periodical press, archival sources in the Slovak National Archives and the archive of the Slovak Youth Institute (IUVENTA) in Bratislava, as well as unpublished memories of Mr. Jozef Mikloš, chairman of the Historical Commission of Slovak Scouting.
Collections in the Jesuit Archbishop’s Secondary Grammar School in Kalocsa (Hungary)
Authors: Rébay Magdolna
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the author introduces the collections of the secondary grammar school in Kalocsa. The author researches: (1) the subjects that the formal collections were created to facilitate teaching, (2) what their purpose was, (3) the manner in which these collections were accumulated, and (4) how they were used. The annually published school yearbooks provided the main sources of this research. As a method, we applied historic document analysis. The value of teaching natural sciences was amplified in the course of the 19th century, primarily in its second half, as a result of industrial modernisation. Thus, a number of natural scientific subjects were taught on an obligatory basis (natural history, geography, physics, chemistry). Studying these subjects was facilitated by the collections, which were also established in this grammar school – besides the collections of humanities such as the historical one. The mineralogical collection constituted the most outstanding one in the Kalocsa secondary grammar school, but its animal and plant collection also burgeoned. Behind these outstanding collections stood one or other Jesuit teachers, who were driven, besides the aim of teaching, by the desire of scientific understanding. Among the Jesuits in Hungary, just as in other countries, the interest in natural sciences escalated. The collections grew during the study tours announced for students, in the course of the curators’ acquisition excursions, and also as a result of donations, purchases and exchanges. Following the state appropriation, the material of the Kalocsa caches was dispersed.
Seguridad, migración y satisfacción con la democracia en América Latina: el caso de los países andinos
Authors: Mila Maldonado Andrea , López-Díaz David
Published: August 2024

El presente artículo examina la relación de la inmigración y la seguridad con la satisfacción con la democracia de los países andinos: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, y Perú. Se parte de una metodología cuantitativa con base en los datos del Latinobarómetro 2023 que contempla dos etapas: la primera, basada en estadística descriptiva; y la segunda, que comprende un modelo de regresión logística binaria. Se analizaron las percepciones de los países andinos en cuanto a: satisfacción con la democracia (por debajo de la media regional); inmigración (vista como perjudicial y que causa el aumento del crimen); y los tipos de violencia y la preocupación por esta (en las calles y mucha preocupación). Luego de realizar un modelo estadístico de regresión logística binaria se obtuvieron como principales resultados: relevancia estadística de l4 variables independientes (de las 295 probadas) agrupadas en factores a) económicos y sociales, b) factores institucionales y de política doméstica, c) factores de seguridad, y d) factores de política exterior. Como principal conclusión se afirma que la inmigración y la inseguridad están en la base de la satisfacción con la democracia de los países andinos.
Influencia del grado de pendiente y extensión de la propiedad como factores condicionantes para la cobertura de suelo en La Paz, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica
Authors: Sancho-Jiménez Luis Felipe , Brenes-Cambronero Liz
Published: August 2024

A quantitative analysis was conducted on a 2596.88-hectare slope located in La Paz, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. To complete the study, 461 field verification points were collected, of which 182 were selected. Data was cross-verified with the information available in the Cadastral Map of San Ramón and the database of the National Territorial Information System [SNIT]. Results were classified according to the soil slope categories established by MAG-MIRENEM, 1994, Decreto N.° 23214. The findings revealed that 54.85 hectares correspond to soil with a slope ranging from = 0% to ≤ 3%; 105.6 hectares are located on terrain with a slope greater than 3% and ≤ 8%; 309.84 hectares consist of lands with a slope greater than 8% and ≤ 15%; 1079.07 hectares are terrains with a slope greater than 15% and ≤ 30%; 799.02 hectares are soils with a slope ranging between > 30% and ≤ 50%; 229.39 hectares represent lands with a slope greater than 50% and ≤ 75%; and 19.11 hectares comprise terrains with a slope exceeding 75%. In properties exceeding 20 hectares, with a slope exceeding 50% and characterized as strongly undulating, steep, or very steep terrain, 82% of the total area (1097.36 hectares) is covered by forest.
ANALYTICAL ANGULAR-FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE FOR AN ACOUSTO-OPTIC DEFLECTOR USING A SECTIONED ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER
Authors: НИКИТИН П.А.
Published: August 2024

Акустооптические дефлекторы терагерцевого излучения, изготовленные на основе оптически изотропной среды, характеризуются низким числом разрешённых световых пятен. Существенного улучшения характеристик дефлектора можно добиться при использовании секционированного фазированного излучателя ультразвука. В работе впервые аналитически получена углочастотная зависимость для такого дефлектора, а также уточнено положение на ней рабочей точки с учётом влияния зазора между секциями излучателя ультразвука.

Acousto-optic terahertz radiation deflectors based on an optically isotropic medium are characterized by a low number of resolved light spots. Substantial improvement of the deflector characteristics can be achieved by using a sectioned phased ultrasonic transducer. In this paper, an angular-frequency dependence for such a deflector is analytically obtained for the first time, and the position of the working point on it is specified taking into account the influence of the gap between the sections of the ultrasound transducer.
“To act according to the power of my testament”: the second testament of metropolitan Platon (Levshin)
Authors: Chetyrina Natalia
Published: August 2024

The article examines the circumstances of the peaceful death of Metropolitan Plato on October 11, 1812 and the fulfillment of the last will of the late hierarch. A sealed morocco case with two wills was taken to Vologda at the most dramatic moment of the Patriotic War of 1812. It contained two spiritual wills of Metropolitan Plato in 1801 and 1807 . Both wills were written with his own hand, in free form, without observing the form of this type of documents that had developed by that time. When they were written, there were no witnesses and they did not go through the usual procedures of appearance in the relevant authorities. One of them, written in 1801 in the form of a prayer of thanksgiving to the Lord, has been published and is well known. The second, of an administrative nature, written in 1807, demonstrates the hierarch's caring attitude about monastic monasteries, almshouses, established educational spiritual institutions, his successor, his circle of like-minded people, friends and students, as well as about his blood relatives and his own commemoration. There is only a brief mention of this second will in historiography. The author comes to the conclusion that the publication and full introduction into scientific circulation of the text of the testament of 1807 is an urgent necessity. A significant addition is the comments made, which relate both to the personalities mentioned in the text and explain the terminology used. In addition, some items named in the will were correlated with the inventory of the property of the Metropolitan of 1812 and the exhibits of the collection of the Sergiev Posad State Historical and Art Museum-Reserve (SPMZ).
The Jewish theme in the late antique Gallic literary tradition
Authors: Tyulenev Vladimir , Tsivileva Valentina
Published: August 2024

The article examines the question of how and why the topic of Jews was raised in the Gallic Christian literature of the VI–VII centuries, what image of Jews in the minds of readers was formed by stories whose heroes were Jews, what forms of relations between Christians and Jewish people were consolidated on the basis of literary examples. The main sources are the works of Gregory of Tours, Venantius Fortunatus, as well as anonymous hagiographic works of the VII century. The article is written within the framework of intellectual and new cultural history, in order to obtain adequate conclusions, the authors analyze the language and textual features of narratives. The article shows that the Jewish theme was not independent in either the historical or hagiographic literature of late Antique Gaul, while addressing it allowed late Antique authors to give the reader an understanding of what place Jews occupy in Christian society, and what are the boundaries of relations with them. In particular, it is shown that the Jews were perceived within the framework of the history of Salvation as "sheep of another fold", a source of tension. The sense of danger emanating from them was reinforced in the minds of readers thanks to the anti-Jewish rhetoric. Jews in the eyes of the reader of late Antiquity should have been associated with unbelief, deception, disobedience; they should have caused physical rejection and disgust, they are associated with darkness, blood, and a stench emanates from them. At the same time, since these "others" within the framework of the history of Salvation should become part of the Lord's fold, late Antique literature actively uses the image of a worthy shepherd who devotes himself to preaching the Gospel to Jews and who, by the power of words or miracles, brings them into the bosom of the Church.
Missionary tasks of the first Russian consulate in Japan (1858–1865)
Authors: Stepanov Andrey
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the missionary activities of the first Russian consulate in Japan (1858-1865). The thesis stated is the importance of the missionary factor at the initial stage of Russian-Japanese relations. When writing the article there was implemented the analysis of research literature, letters and memos of the main participants of Russian-Japanese relations. The continuity of the consulate's activities with the diplomatic and missionary activities of E.V.Putyatin in the context of the foreign policy of the Russian Empire in China and Japan is revealed. The influence of Putyatin on the decisions of the Amur Committee, which was expressed in concrete proposals for the formation of the staff of the consulate and the directions of its work on the implementation of the missionary task, is considered. The thesis is proved that the first Consul I.A.Goshkevich possessed the necessary qualities of a diplomat and a missionary and therefore was able to fully realize the duties assigned to him. The assistance of the Asian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Holy Synod and the Chief Prosecutor is noted. Letters from Putyatin and Hieromonk Nikolai (Kasatkin) to Goshkevich testify to the use of the hospital and school at the consulate for missionary purposes. The facts and sources considered in the article allow us to draw conclusions about the significance of the experience of the first consulate in Japan for understanding the problems of the theology of the mission: the missionary task of the consulate is assessed as the implementation by Putyatin of the religious and political modelfor Orthodoxy expansion; social and educational activities - as a created missionary environment (macromission). The close connection between the missionary aspect and the solution of foreign policy goals (the establishment of good-neighborly relations between the two countries) is shown, where the state, participating in the spread of the Kingdom of Christ, performed a providential task in the context of the entire Christian history.
On the history of classical studies in the Imperial Kazan University: the department of Roman literature in the 1880s — 1890s
Authors: Almazova Natalia
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the history of classical studies in the Imperial Kazan' University in 1880-1890s, which was connected with the activities of two professors at the Chair of the Roman Literature, Darius Naguevskiy (1845-1918) and Stanislaw Opatskiy (1847-?, after 1900). According to the students of the history of classical research at the Kazan' University in the late 19th century, studies in the Roman history and literature were represented there in this period at a considerably lower scale than those of the Ancient Greek history, language and literature. One should ask why the Kazan' University failed to shape the specific tradition of studying the Roman antiquity, in spite of its employing throughout the 19th century prominent Romanists (N.M. Blagoveshchenskiy, V.I. Modestov). Besides the Ministry of Public Enlightenment was obviously interested in promoting the courses of the Chair of the Roman Literature, as it appointed for it with a brief interval two Classical philologists specialized in Latin poetry and prose, Dr. Lit. D. Naguevskiy in 1883 and M. Lit. S. Opatskiy in 1885. The article attempts to answer this question taking into account both essential and personal factors of the problem, the latter being the individual features of the two professors and their conflicts.
The Church and its bishops in the Ostrogothic Italy: a study of the ownership relations
Authors: Kovalev Alexander
Published: August 2024

This article is an attempt to address a range of problems related to the study of church property in Italy during the Ostrogothic domination (493–554). For a long time, these problems were on the periphery of scientific relevance and found their researchers only in the 20th century. This is largely due to the yet unresolved issues of our main source on the history of Ostrogothic Italy — Cassiodorus' «Variae». The lack of unanimity as to the time and place of its creation, intended audience, genre and overall representativeness of the material compels the researcher to resort to other sources, in particular to the Ravenna papyri, which largely supplement the data of the «Variae». The author focuses on three main aspects that define the structure of the article. The first part is devoted to the problem of the geographical distribution of ecclesiastical lands, as well as to the possibilities of estimating the size of the land plots belonging to the Church. The second section deals with the system of church property management. It demonstrates the general continuity in its structure from the beginning of the 5th century, and also reveals some peculiarities of this system, connected with the increased role of bishops and the functioning of the institution of defensores ecclesiae. The third part is dedicated to the legal status of ecclesiastical land. It is based on the critique of J. Durliat’s theory of subordination of the Church to the state in the matter of handling its land property and finance. The analysis of the vocabulary of ownership rights characteristic of the Roman law and reflected in the sources under study leads to the assertion that the Church had full ownership over its estates, and that ecclesiastical land plots were not part of the public land.
“God’s Field”: organisation and improvement of orthodox cemeteries of the 19th — beginning of the 20th centuries as reflected in church periodicals
Authors: Bushuyeva Anna
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes the ideas of the Orthodox clergy about cemeteries related to their management, profitability, improvement, assessments of the state of this space, determined by the location of the cemetery in system of values, symbolic meanings and normative emotional models. The study revealed a contradiction between the appearance of the vast majority of urban and rural cemeteries and the idea of the clergy about the "proper" in this area. It was considered what was included in the concept of an “ideal cemetery” and what obstacles prevented the realization of this ideal: an inefficient administrative system, a lack of funds and enthusiasm from both the clergy and parishioners, especially in rural areas, as well as conflicting ideas about the attitude towards cemeteries in church ideology and in traditional folk culture, which was characterized by fear of the “unclean place” and the desire to avoid the dead, which was not typical for the clergy, better educated and professionally accustomed to the spectacle of ordinary death.In addition, the measures of the clergy to introduce the “correct order” of the organization of the cemetery space were studied: criticism of the inaction of the clergy, attempts to influence the priests through religious and value motivation and practical recommendations for bringing the appearance of the cemeteries in line with the “proper”; coupled with this, preaching to the people with various ways of argumentation and forms of emotional impact, including appealing to the idea of Christian virtue and duty, respect for dead ancestors and “kinship feeling”, arousing fear of possible punishment from above for neglecting the “holy place”, awakening national-confessional competitiveness.
Designing Data Visualization System Based on Language-Oriented Approach
Authors: Dzheiranian Anna Danielovna , Ermakov Ivan Denisovich , Proskuryakov Kirill Alexandrovich , Lyadova Lyudmila Nikolaevna
Published: August 2024

The data visualization method based on a language-oriented approach is proposed. An analysis of data visualization tools and their customizability for subject areas based on user needs has been carried out. It is noted that these tools require highly qualified users to customize the data visualization format (users must have programming skills). It is proposed to customize visualization tools to the needs of users and the specifics of the user's tasks being solved by creating domain-specific languages (DSL). A system architecture based on the use of multifaceted ontology is described. The ontology includes descriptions of languages and domains, as well as rules for generating new languages and transforming constructed models. Languages are designed to describe different classes of diagrams. This system includes tools for automatic new DSL generation via mapping domain ontology onto the base language metamodel according to user-specified rules. Different types of diagrams have been classified and the main components of each type diagrams have been identified, which provides the basis for creating an ontology of data visualization languages. A base language is proposed for creating diagrams. The language customizability for specific domains is demonstrated. An example of the created data visualization models is shown.
Exploring the Taxonomy of Commits in Cyber-Physical Systems for Enhanced Error Fixes Investigation
Authors: Starovoytov Nikita Aleksandrovich , Staroletov Sergey Mikhailovich
Published: August 2024

Cyber-physical systems are a symbiosis of multi-level control systems that take into account the physical aspects of the functioning of target objects. Errors in such systems can be associated both with incorrect organization of the code and operation of the hardware, as well as with an incorrect understanding of physical laws and their numerical approximation. Continuing our previous work, we apply technologies for analyzing commits in git repositories of some well-known cyber-physical systems, followed by classification of messages from developers. As a result, we discuss the identified strong keywords and generalized fix messages that can reveal the main classes of bugs in these projects. The results of the work can be used in training and consulting on errors and vulnerabilities in complex systems.
On the Automated Unit Tests Generation for Java Applications using Spring Framework
Authors: Shishin Kirill Alexandrovich , Muravev Ilia Vladimirovich , Kulikov Egor Konstantinovich
Published: August 2024

This paper considers the automated unit tests generation for programs written in Java using the Spring framework. Although several test generation tools for “pure” Java applications have been developed in recent decades, the features of this framework are mostly not taken into account. However, Spring is used to develop many industrial Java applications. At the same time, the presence of Spring components in the application for which the tests are generated imposes additional requirements not only on the code analysis approaches, but also on the structure of the generated tests. The main source of the information about object types and their properties is the Spring application context. The paper proposes an instrument for analyzing the application context, that in some cases allows generating test scenarios corresponding to real program executions and avoiding excessive mocking. The full initialization of the application context does not occur during this analysis. It makes the test generation safe for user data. The proposed instrument for analyzing the Spring context has been integrated into the UnitTestBot Java automatic test generation tool. We also provide examples of tests generated for real open-source projects.
First records of the class Crinoidea (Echinodermata) in the Colombian Pacific Ocean
Authors: Borrero-Pérez Giomar Helena
Published: August 2024

The class Crinoidea is recorded for the first time in the Colombian Pacific Ocean based on 407 specimens collected on soft bottoms in eight stations at depths ranging from 350 to 934 m. Sampling was carried out using trawls with an epibenthic net (9 × 1 m opening, 2.5 knots for 10 min) during the Tumaco Offshore project (2012–2013). The specimens represent three comatulid crinoids, two of which were identified as Florometra tanneri (Hartlaub, 1895) and Psathyrometra fragilis (A.H. Clark, 1907); and one to the family level (Antedonidae). Taxonomic descriptions with images of the specimens, distribution, and comments of the two species collected in the Colombian Pacific are presented and discussed.
Grain-size distribution characteristics of sediments in coastal shallow waters from Van Don to Tien Yen - Ha Coi, Northwest Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam, according to End-member modelling analysis
Authors: Le Duc Anh , Mai Duc Dong , Tran Thi Thuy Huong , Le Duc Luong , Nguyen Nhu Trung , Vu Hai Dang , Bui Van Nam , Pham Thu Hien , Duong Van Hao , Nguyen Anh Minh
Published: August 2024

The study involved the collection of eighteen surface sediment samples from the coastal shallow water area from Van Don to Tien Yen - Ha Coi in the Northwestern section of the Gulf of Tonkin to analyze their particle size composition. Utilizing the EMMAgeo end-member analysis model, four characteristic particle sizes (4EM) of 0.34, 7.7, 130, and 230 µm, corresponding to clay, fine silt, and fine sand of varying sizes were identified. In conjunction with the sedimentary environment, the spatial distribution analysis of these end members allowed a detailed determination of the formation conditions and distribution of the sediment components. Clay deposits (EM1) are primarily intercalated between the islands. At the same time, fine silt (EM2) is concentrated in the northern part of the study area, transported by flows, and deposited in a low-energy environment. Fine sand sediments (EM3 and EM4) are distributed along the coast of the Van Don peninsula in the Southern part of the study area and likely formed in association with tidal-wave processes under higher energy conditions compared to the North.
Investigation of Methods of Classifying Surface Ships by Size, Determined by Their Radar Images
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Dorosinskiy L. G. , Vinogradova N. S. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: August 2024

The problem of determining the dimensions occupied by a spatially distributed target (SDT) in a two-dimensional raster image of the observed area of the Earth’s (water) surface, formed by a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), is relevant in various space monitoring tasks. In this work, this problem is addressed specifically in the context of determining the dimensions of SDT of surface ships against reflections from the sea surface. Both phenomenological and real models based on SSDD database are used as SAR images. Decision-making regarding the dimensions of surface ships is performed using classical (parametric and non-parametric) algorithms as well as machine learning algorithms leveraging artificial neural networks. The results of the comparative analysis of these algorithms are presented.
Optoelectronic Digital Dust Meter in Cotton Gining Manufactory
Authors:   Tashkent institute of textile and light industry, Kadirov O. Kh. , Shipulin Yu. G. ,   Tashkent institute of textile and light industry
Published: August 2024

The paper discusses the problems of environmental pollution and requirements for instruments and systems for measuring dust levels. It is demonstrated that among the problems of environmental protection, the most crucial one is the protection of the air basin. Dust is one of the most common types of industrial waste. Human health is affected not only by the type of dust, particle size and mineralogical composition, but also by the duration of exposure. Therefore, high sensitivity of instruments and systems for monitoring atmospheric pollution is required. The problem of environmental pollution can only be solved with the help of automatic, continuously operating analysers. It is advisable to develop and implement portable threshold alarms that have a significantly lower cost than the cost of automatic control and measurement equipment. The operating principle of an optoelectronic device for monitoring the degree of dust in cotton ginning rooms has been developed and presented, which allows simultaneous measurement of the attenuation (extinction) and light scattering of the same passing mass of aerosol. The calculation of specific absorption and dispersion coefficients in the ginning shops of cotton gin plants has been carried out. Experimental curves of the ratio of absorption and attenuation coefficients depending on the presence of the aerosol in the optoelectronic device are presented. Methods to reduce measurement error are revealed.
The organic management of conflicts developed in enterprises formed by women in the solidarity economy: a post-colonialist analysis of a feminist practice of self-management
Authors: Soares Maria de Nazaré Moraes , Rebouças Sílvia Maria Dias Pedro , Lázaro José Carlos
Published: August 2024

Abstract This research arises from Martin’s (1993) studies of women’s management practices.However, it is articulated from the place of self-management within the scope of the Solidarity and Feminist Economy Network (SFEN). Therefore, a new construct to identify some practices that are performed in the Solidarity Economy (SE) was developed:feminist practices of self-management (Bauhardt, 2014; Faria, 2017; Vieta, 2015). The objective is to analyze one of the practices observed in the field: the organic management of conflicts. The main theoretical contributions used to mediate the discussion depart from Martin’s approach (1993), from the perspective of substantive rationality in Ramos (1989), from studies on conflicts in organizations in Guerardi (2009) and Putnam (2010), as well as the postcolonialistview that adheres to the context of women in higher education (Lugones, 2008; Mohanty, 2006). Data collection is based on semi-structured interviews with women from the SFEN and direct and indirect observation in the field between 2018 and 2021. The perspective adopted for data analysis is an oral history based on critical discourse analysis (Meihy, 2002; Wodak, 2004). The results point to the following findings: non-concealment of conflict in self-management processes, organically managed conflict based on intense communication, and conflict management as a learning process that prioritizes experiences and differences. For women, conflict is not a demerit. On the contrary, it is managed in such a way as to strengthen reciprocal ties between members of solidarity enterprises.
Forcasting of relationship between university extension and social participation in social and solidarity economy: the case of the Rural Territory Collegiate of Ilha Grande Bay (RJ)
Authors: Maury Patrick Maurice , Villela Lamounier Erthal , Cardoso Rafaela Chaves , Carvalho Isabella Dias de
Published: August 2024

Abstract The relationship between social and solidarity economy (SSE) and social management (SM) in the case of the Rural Territorial Collegiate of Ilha Grande Bay/RJ (IGB Collegiate) covers teaching, research, and extension activities. The research question is “What is the influence of SM in breaking the cycles of “insertion and dismantling” of public policies of SSE?”. The objective is to analyze the scalability of the SSE in the context of the IGB Collegiate, with intermediate objectives: to establish references to think about the theoretical categories of the SM and to qualify a field of relations between SSE and SM. The hypothesis is the possibility of building a pact for water sustainability, with a counterpart in payments for environmental services (PES), configuring social currency. The theoretical-methodological axis discusses the theoretical categories of SM, the field of power and relational analysis. The methodology used participatory field research with prospective tools. The procedures consist of a retrospective of the legal framework of environmental policies and the influence of social movements on Territorial Development policies. The analysis of the results includes four sessions: Key variables of collegiate management at IGB since the dismantling of the policies of the Ministry of Agrarian Development (2000-2016); Relations between traditional communities and university extension organizations; Scenarios of the pact for the sustainability of the territory with reference to the SDGs and verification in practice of the categories of SM. The answer to the research question is configured in the paradigm of SM in PES.
Economia solidária e seu estágio de institucionalização: a contribuição das políticas públicas
Authors: Silva Daiane Lima da , Ferreira Vicente da Rocha Soares
Published: August 2024

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é descrever a contribuição das políticas públicas para o processo de institucionalização do campo da economia solidária. A análise se deu com base em 4 políticas públicas estaduais de economia solidária, identificadas por meio de pesquisa documental. Para a coleta de dados, foram usadas pesquisa documental em todos os estados da federação e entrevistas com 22 pesquisados em 4 estados. Para o tratamento desses dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. O processo de institucionalização foi analisado à luz do modelo de Tolbert e Zucker. O texto examinou a implementação dos instrumentos instituídos pelas políticas públicas selecionadas e como elas têm contribuído para fomentar e apoiar empreendimentos econômicos solidários. Para isso, foram identificadas e analisadas ações desenvolvidas nas áreas de comercialização, apoio técnico, formalização dos empreendimentos, acesso ao crédito e ações intragovernamentais, com a sociedade civil organizada e instituições de ensino. Verificou-se que as políticas públicas de 2 estados estão no estágio de total institucionalização por proporcionarem, por meio de suas ações, reconhecimento social e legitimidade à economia solidária.
Um estudo tipológico baseado nos atributos dos trabalhadores(as) da economia solidária para o aperfeiçoamento das políticas públicas de geração de trabalho e renda
Authors: Anjos Eliene Gomes dos , Ramos Carlos Eduardo Crispim de Oliveira
Published: August 2024

Resumo Estudo tipológico baseado nos atributos pessoais e nas atividades econômicas dos associados dos empreendimentos de economia solidária. O foco principal são os diferentes atores sociais que integram as diversas modalidades de iniciativas solidárias. O objetivo é demonstrar suas múltiplas demandas e desafios. Empregamos a análise fatorial múltipla (AFM), juntamente com variáveis extraídas da pesquisa amostral dos sócios e das sócias da economia solidária, realizada pela Secretaria Nacional de Economia Popular e Solidária (Senaes) nas regiões do Brasil, em 2013. A AFM permitiu sumarizar e, ao mesmo tempo, hierarquizar os resultados da modelagem estatística dos dados, definindo, assim, a existência de fatores comuns e de dissimilitude entre os 2.895 respondentes. Os clusters formados resultaram em três tipos, nomeados “agricultor familiar” (tipo 1), “povos e comunidades tradicionais” (tipo 2), e “trabalhadoras associadas urbanas” (tipo 3). A caracterização dos tipos e das suas demandas poderá se constituir ferramenta para dar subsídios aos formuladores e executores de políticas públicas de geração de trabalho e renda, uma vez que permite o direcionamento de ações que reflitam necessidades e especificidades de cada agrupamento.