bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Acceptability of Locally Made Fish-Based, Ready-to-Use Products for the Prevention and Treatment of Malnutrition in Cambodia
Authors: Sigh Sanne , Roos Nanna , Sok Daream , Borg Bindi , Chamnan Chhoun , Laillou Arnaud , Dijkhuizen Marjoleine A. , Wieringa Frank T.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Cambodia has a high prevalence of moderate acute malnutrition and severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The SAM treatment requires ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs), whereas ready-to-use supplementary foods (RUSFs) are used for prevention of acute malnutrition. Three locally produced fish-based products were developed: an RUTF paste (NumTrey-Paste) for treatment and 2 wafer versions, one for prevention (NumTrey-RUSF) and one for treatment (NumTrey-RUTF).

Objective:

To assess the acceptability of NumTrey-Paste and NumTrey-RUSF in comparison to a standard biscuit product (BP-100) used for the treatment of SAM.

Methods:

Acceptability of NumTrey-RUSF and NumTrey-Paste was tested in a nonblinded crossover taste trial among children (n = 52), aged ≥ 6 months to 18 years, and their caregivers. Eight organoleptic qualities were assessed on a 5-point hedonic scale, as well as a ranking test. A score of 1 to 3 was categorized as acceptable. The acceptability of NumTrey-RUTF was assessed using the caregivers’ perception during an SAM treatment intervention.

Results:

Taste trial: The proportion of children categorizing products as overall acceptable was lowest for NumTrey-Paste compared to for BP-100 and NumTrey-RUSF (21% vs 43% [BP-100] and 36% [NumTrey-RUSF]). No difference was found in the proportion of children who ranked BP-100 or NumTrey-RUSF as “liked most” ( P > .05). Acceptability of NumTrey-RUSF ranked highest in appearance and taste (caregiver), whereas acceptability of NumTrey-Paste was ranked lowest in appearance and smell among the products. Intervention trial: The acceptability of NumTrey-RUTF increased from 72% to 86%.

Conclusions:

The overall acceptability was ranked lowest for a pure paste product. However, filling the paste into a wafer made the product more acceptable.
Cardiac tamponade as a late complication of a minor trauma due to syncope: A case report and literature review
Authors: Guarino Matteo , Bologna Alessandra , De Giorgi Alfredo , Spampinato Michele D , Molino Christian , Gozzi Dario , Tonelli Laura , Fabbian Fabio , Strada Andrea , De Giorgio Roberto
Published: August 2018

Haemopericardium with cardiac tamponade following minor blunt trauma is a rare, life‐threatening condition. The diagnosis of cardiac tamponade as well as therapeutic management may be delayed, since the link between trauma and illness is often overlooked. We report the case of an old woman who developed a relatively delayed cardiac tamponade due to an otherwise minor blunt chest trauma following syncope.
Oxymatrine exhibits anti-tumor activity in gastric cancer through inhibition of IL-21R-mediated JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Huang Yanxia , Zhang Jing , Wang Ge , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhang Rui , Liu Hui , Zhu Jinshui
Published: August 2018

Oxymatrine (OMT) as a type of alkaloids collected from Sophora flavescens Ait exerts some biological functions including anticancer properties. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of OMT in gastric cancer cells (HGC 27 and AGS). As a result, the exposure of gastric cancer (GC) cells to OMT contributed to the suppression of cell proliferation and invasion. Interleukin 21 receptor (IL-21R) was identified to be differentially expressed between OMT treatment group (4 mg/mL) and control group (0 mg/mL), and knockdown of IL-21R repressed cell proliferation and invasion via inactivation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. The rescue experiment showed that IL-21R overexpression attenuated the anti-tumor effects of OMT through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Moreover, the expression of IL-21R was significantly upregulated in GC samples compared with the adjacent normal tissues and associated with overall survival (OS) and tumor recurrence of GC patients. Taken together, in this study, we evaluated the anti-tumor effects of OMT on GC by investigating proliferation and invasion ability changes, and our findings show that OMT exhibits effects via regulation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Through the mechanism study, we may enlighten the potential therapeutic target for treatment of GC.
Μαρμάρινο νεολιθικό ειδώλιο-περίαπτο γυναικείας μορφής: συμπεράσματα από ένα παλαιό εύρημα
Authors: Παπαγεωργίου Ειρήνη
Published: August 2018

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Ο Ισαάκ Σαπόρτα και τα ζωγραφικά του
Authors: Καρδαμίτση-Αδάμη Μάρω
Published: August 2018

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Διάτρητα: νέες προσθήκες
Authors: Γερουλάνου Αιμιλία
Published: August 2018

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
The Egyptian Golden Ring with Lapis Lazuli Inscribed Scarab at the Benaki Museum. Was it the Property of a Libyan Pharaoh of Dynasty XXII?
Authors: Maravelia Amanda-Alice
Published: August 2018

Στο Μουσείο Μπενάκη φυλάσσεται ένας χρυσός δακτύλιος με περιστρεφόμενη σφενδόνη και ενεπίγραφο σκαραβαίο από λαζουρίτη. Ο σκαραβαίος περικλείεται από πλαίσιο (funda) σε ελλειψοειδές σχήμα φαραωνικής δέλτου και είναι προσδεδεμένος στον δακτύλιο με λεπτό μεταλλικό σύρμα που διαπερνά τον κάθετο άξονα του. Κατά πάσα πιθανότητα το αντικείμενο αυτό, το οποίο φέρει χαρακτηριστική ευχή για το Νέο Έτος (wp rnpt η fr), χρονολογείται από την 22η Δυναστεία, ενώ μπορεί να ανήκε, είτε στον Φαραώ Σέσωγχι Ι (945-924 ΠΚΕ), είτε στον Φαραώ Σέσωγχι II (περ. 890;-883 ΠΚΕ). Υποθέτουμε ότι το πιθανότερο είναι πως ήταν δώρο ενός από τους δύο αυτούς φαραώ προς κάποιον υπήκοο τους (αξιωματούχο ή ιερέα). Η ευχή αναφέρεται στη θεά Μουτ (σύζυγο του Άμμωνα), την οποία επικαλείται ούτως ώστε να χαρίσει στον Σέσωγχι ευτυχισμένη (πρωτο)χρονιά. Στην εργασία αυτή μελετάται ακροθιγώς η επιγραφή και αποκλείονται συγκεκριμένες πιθανές αποδόσεις της (εξαιτίας των δυσανάγνωστων ιερογλυφικών στην τελευταία γραμμή της), ενώ ταυτόχρονα δίνεται πλήρης περιγραφή του σφυρήλατου δακτυλίου. Η χρήση του δακτυλίου εν είδει περιάπτου ευημερίας και προστασίας θα χάριζε στον κάτοχο (πρεσβείαις της Μουτ) ευτυχία και ευμάρεια για τη νέα χρονιά. Ο σκαραβαίος, ηλιακό σύμβολο αναγέννησης και ανάστασης, κατείχε στη σκέψη των Αιγυπτίων εξέχουσα θέση ως αρχέτυπο. Δακτύλιοι όπως αυτός, αλλά και απειράριθμοι σκαραβαίοι, έχουν εντοπισθεί σε πολλά σημεία ανά τη λεκάνη της Μεσογείου, γεγονός που καταδεικνύει τη φήμη των αιγυπτιακών περιάπτων κατά την αρχαιότητα. Το συγκεκριμένο αντικείμενο φέρει εγχάρακτη επιγραφή στην οποία το όνομα Σέσωγχις δεν είναι γραμμένο εξολοκλήρου (απουσιάζουν τα δυο τελευταία ιερογλυφικά), γεγονός σύνηθες, τόσο για τον Φαραώ Σέσωγχι Ι, όσο και για τον Σέσωγχι II.
Η Revue Britannique και η ελληνική θεματογραφία της (1825-1901)
Authors: Παυλώφ-Βαλμά Εύη
Published: August 2018

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Η Αναστήλωση των Εικόνων: παράδοση και ανανέωση στο έργο ενός Κρητικού ζωγράφου του 16ου αιώνα
Authors: Δρανδάκη Αναστασία
Published: August 2018

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Ένα κλασικιστικό ανάγλυφο του 19ου αιώνα
Authors: Παυλόπουλος Δημήτρης
Published: August 2018

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Clinical signs of trachoma are prevalent among Solomon Islanders who have no persistent markers of prior infection with Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Butcher Robert , Sokana Oliver , Jack Kelvin , Sui Leslie , Russell Charles , Last Anna , Martin Diana L. , Burton Matthew J. , Solomon Anthony W. , Mabey David C.W. , Roberts Chrissy h.
Published: August 2018

Background: The low population prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis and high prevalence of trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) provide contradictory estimates of the magnitude of the public health threat from trachoma in the Solomon Islands. Improved characterisation of the biology of trachoma in the region may support policy makers as they decide what interventions are required. Here, age-specific profiles of anti-Pgp3 antibodies and conjunctival scarring were examined to determine whether there is evidence of ongoing transmission and pathology from ocular Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection.

Methods: A total of 1511 individuals aged ≥1 year were enrolled from randomly selected households in 13 villages in which >10% of children aged 1–9 years had TF prior to a single round of azithromycin mass drug administration undertaken six months previously. Blood was collected to be screened for antibodies to the Ct antigen Pgp3. Tarsal conjunctival photographs were collected for analysis of scarring severity.

Results: Anti-Pgp3 seropositivity was 18% in 1–9 year olds, sharply increasing around the age of sexual debut to reach 69% in those over 25 years. Anti-Pgp3 seropositivity did not increase significantly between the ages of 1–9 years and was not associated with TF (p=0.581) or scarring in children (p=0.472). Conjunctival scars were visible in 13.1% of photographs. Mild (p<0.0001) but not severe (p=0.149) scars increased in prevalence with age.

Conclusions: Neither conjunctival scars nor lymphoid follicles were associated with antibodies to Ct, suggesting that they are unlikely to be a direct result of ocular Ct infection. Clinical signs of trachoma were prevalent in this population but were not indicative of the underlying rates of Ct infection. The current World Health Organization guidelines for trachoma elimination indicated that this population should receive intervention with mass distribution of antibiotics, but the data presented here suggest that this may not have been appropriate.
Effect of a multicomponent intervention on variables related to screen time in adolescents: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bandeira Alexsandra da Silva , Silva Kelly Samara da , Sá Soraya Anita Mendes de , Guerra Paulo Henrique , Mota Jorge , Barbosa Filho Valter Cordeiro
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intervention on screen time and on psychosocial factors (Attitude, self-efficacy, support of family and school members) associated with reduced screen time in students. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in three schools in the intervention group (n = 548) and three in the control group (n = 537). The intervention focused on teacher training, opportunities for practicing physical activity at school and reducing screen time, as well as health education. The questionnaire (applied in July and December 2014) included questions about time using TV and computer / video game on weekdays and weekend days (Combined in full-screen time). The psychosocial factors were obtained through scales. The control variables were school and income. The analysis included binary logistic regression models and generalized linear models. The effect size was calculated with analyzes stratified by sex and age (p < 0.05). The intervention group reduced TV (boys: OR = 2.86; CI95%: 1.06-7.71) time and computer/video game (girls: OR = 3.34; CI95%: 1.14-9.84; 11 to 13 years: OR = 3.08; CI95%: 1.17-8.08) for < 2 hours / day (p < 0.05). Positive effects of the intervention were observed on attitude (among girls and adolescents of both age groups) and school support (all subgroups), with effect sizes ranging from 0.21 to 0.54. We concluded that the intervention caused improvements in certain components of the screen time, as well as attitude and school support. Interventions in the school context can help reduce screen time in the young population.
Sedentary behavior as a predictor of functional disability in older adults
Authors: Virtuoso Júnior Jair Sindra , Tribess Sheilla , Vasconcelos Rocha Saulo , Sasaki Jeffer Eidi , Aparecida Garcia Cíntia , Meneguci Joilson , Romo-Perez Vicente
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to identify the amount of time spent in sedentary behavior that may be critically related to functional disability in older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a random sample of 624 older adults (65.1% women) aged 60 to 96 years. Perceived limitations in instrumental activities of daily living were used as indication of functional disability. Time spent in sedentary behavior was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The prevalence of functional disability was 29.4%. The mean total time spent in sedentary behavior was 576.51 ± 5.14 min/day. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify cut-points for time spent in sedentary behavior that could discriminate functional disability in older adults. The results suggested that spending > 600.00 min/day and > 614.00 min/day in sedentary behavior, for men and women, respectively, was a discriminator for functional disability in the current study. These cut-points can be used to identify older adults who are most vulnerable to functional disability in future studies.
Bank Lending Standards and Borrower Accounting Conservatism
Authors: Khan Urooj , Lo Alvis K.
Published: August 2018

Bank lending standards vary over time. Periods in which firms find it relatively easy to borrow are followed by periods in which banks scrutinize borrowers more and tighten lending. We predict that changes in lending standards affect the accounting conservatism of bank-dependent firms. Using (i) a natural experiment that leads to certain banks tightening lending standards for plausibly exogenous reasons and (ii) time series variation in economy-wide bank lending standards, we find that borrowers increase their asymmetric timely loss recognition in response to the tightening of lending standards. Further, riskier borrowers, borrowers less likely to violate loan covenants, and borrowers whose banks tighten lending standards to a greater extent display larger increases in conservatism following the tightening of lending standards. These results suggest that borrowers internalize the costs and benefits of increasing conservatism. Finally, borrowers do not seem to decrease conservatism immediately after the lending standards are loosened. Overall, our results illuminate a commonly observed banking phenomenon that can influence firms’ incentives to recognize losses, suggesting that developments in the banking sector can shape the information produced by firms in the real sector.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
A Theory of Durable Dominance
Authors: Chu Johan S. G.
Published: August 2018

This paper demonstrates how increased competition entrenches dominants—a causal relationship I term durable dominance. Established theories of sustained dominance predict that a dominant’s grasp on its position weakens when resources become widely available and the number of competitors increases. This prediction stems from the assumption, from economics, that sustained dominance is only possible when competition is limited; perfectly competitive markets with large numbers of competitors, widely accessible resources, and no barriers to entry provide no basis for dominants to maintain their size. I challenge this assumption, first arguing that a dominant can benefit when the number of its competitors increases, garnering more consumer recognition and facing fewer challenges from its nearest competitors, then asserting that even when a dominant does not directly benefit, increased competition can decrease nondominants’ motility—magnitude of size changes—trammeling their growth to dominant size. Numerical simulations show reduced motility significantly lengthens the expected duration of a dominant’s reign when many new competitors enter the market. Durable dominance reverses established understandings of competitive dynamics and holds implications for an increasing number of settings as markets become global and financialized, and scalable resources for production and distribution become widely available.
Back to basics: Accurate weight measurements—a key to obesity research in Cameroon
Authors: Gobte Nkwan Jacob , Meyer Dorothy J
Published: August 2018

Background:

Overweight and obesity have emerged as a worldwide epidemic resulting in an increase in non-communicable diseases. The rate of overweight and obesity is estimated to be 39.1% in Cameroon. In women, excessive weight is linked to infertility, pregnancy complications, and increased rates of prematurity, stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Accurate weight measurements are required to evaluate a patient's health, manage conditions and to establish reliability and validity in research. Multiple studies have identified concerns about the accuracy of weight measurements in hospitals and clinics.

Aims:

To identify what scales were available in two hospitals and to evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of each scale.

Methods:

A study was performed in two hospitals with a large outpatient caseload, and where recent overweight and obesity studies were performed.

Findings:

Three types of scales were in use: 68 clinical floor scales, 13 balance beam scales, and 8 digital scales (7 paediatric and 1 adult). All beam scales and 7 of the digital scales were found to be accurate; however, only 60% of floor scales were accurate. The digital and beam scales were the most sensitive. Incidental findings included a deficiency in basic knowledge regarding weight measurements and maintaining scales.

Conclusions:

Accurate weights are important in providing safe patient care, diagnosis, management, and treatment. Policies are required to ensure that weighing equipment is properly used and maintained. Further studies should be conducted, with special attention to assuring that valid and reliable tools are used.
Colic in babies: Advice for parents and over-the-counter remedies
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: August 2018

With one in five babies affected by colic, Elizabeth Tinsley, discusses how to spot and treat the condition
Childhood atopic eczema – how to answer the questions parents ask?
Authors: Van Onselen Julie
Published: August 2018

Julie Van Onselen details commonly asked questions surrounding the treatment of this skin condition
Ready for the grand finale
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: August 2018

Ailsa Chapman describes how she and her colleagues succeeded in making children's transition to school meaningful and celebratory with activities that included a large scale art project and a fashion show.
Round it up
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: August 2018

Stones are a natural resource – each one unique in colour, shape, size, weight and texture. It is their infinite variety which attracts children and makes them a great tool for mathematical learning.
Over the moon
Authors: White Hilary
Published: August 2018

Like the more familiar Chinese New Year, the Moon Festival is a fun and colourful celebration that offers lots of opportunity for art and craft, cooking, dressing up and celebrating another culture.
Better together
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: August 2018

By encouraging children to share, play co-operatively, take turns, resolve conflicts and show sensitivity to others' needs, you can demonstrate that ‘making friends is something that every child can do.
Technology’s role for achieving creativity, diversity and integration in the American undergraduate music curriculum: Some theoretical, historical and practical perspectives
Authors: Webster Peter R. , Williams David Brian
Published: August 2018

This article provides an overview of six years of research with the goal of identifying key music technology competencies seen as essential for the undergraduate music major by tertiary music professors largely in North America. The results of the research are viewed from multiple dimensions: ‘pillars’ of curriculum as defined by a recent College Music Society (CMS) (United States) task force report, the diffusion of innovative technology historically within music instruction and general categories of music study within the tertiary curriculum. The authors share the results of five separate studies over a six-year period beginning in 2011 dedicated to the identification of core technology competencies for all undergraduate music students. Total responses included 772 returned questionnaires across the five studies that probed key competencies and their role in the instructional process. Consistent support for eleven key competencies was identified. The article concludes by offering a number of creative teaching scenarios across the tertiary curriculum for supporting the eleven competencies identified by participants in the research studies. The results from the research along with the overarching curricular issues presented may apply not only to tertiary music study in North America, but to the broader, international landscape of music curriculum innovation and reform.
Leiden und Gesellschaft
Authors: Schumann Frank
Published: August 2018

In den Debatten um Burnout und Depression flammte in jüngerer Zeit wieder ein altbekanntes sozialkritisches Motiv auf: das Unbehagen in der Kultur. Die moderne Gesellschaft wird verdächtigt, systematisch bestimmte psychische Leiderfahrungen hervorzubringen. Was zeichnet aber diese Leiderfahrungen aus? Und wo liegen die Ursachen? Frank Schumann spürt in dieser Studie den Antworten nach, die in der Frankfurter Schule von Erich Fromm bis Axel Honneth mithilfe der Psychoanalyse gegeben wurden. Zugleich plädiert er dafür, die Erforschung von sozialen Ursachen psychischer Leiderfahrungen aus eingeschliffenen Argumentationsbahnen zu befreien und neu zu justieren.
Postmigrantische Medien
Authors: Ratkovic Viktorija
Published: August 2018

Medien, die konsequent eine postmigrantische Perspektive auf Kultur, Gesellschaft und Politik einnehmen, sind rar und bislang wenig erforscht. Dabei können sie als Aushandlungsorte von (Selbst-)Positionierungen einen innovativen Beitrag zur Analyse und Kritik der Prekarisierungsgesellschaft leisten. In ihrer Auseinandersetzung mit biber. Magazin für neue Österreicher und migrazine zeigt Viktorija Ratkovic die Potenziale und Herausforderungen postmigrantischer Medien an der Schnittstelle von Medien- sowie Kommunikationswissenschaft und Migrationsforschung auf.
Risikowahrnehmung im Mittelalter: Ein Versuch in kognitiver Geschichtswissenschaft
Authors: Lieberman Max
Published: August 2018

Dieser Aufsatz ist in doppelter Hinsicht unkonventionell, methodisch wie thematisch. Im ersten Teil steht die Sicht des menschlichen Wahrnehmungsapparates im Mittelpunkt, die der Psychologe und Nobelpreisträger Daniel Kahneman zusammen mit Amos Tversky in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten entwickelt hat. Daran schließen sich methodische Überlegungen an, wie Historikerinnen und Historiker Begriffe und Theorien der kognitiven Experimentalpsychologie nutzen können bzw. sogar sollten, insbesondere dann, wenn sie zu verstehen versuchen, wie historische Akteure Risiken wahrnahmen und wieso sie solche eingingen. Im zweiten Teil dieses Beitrag wird erstmals darauf hingewiesen, dass Begriffe der Experimentalpsychologie relevant sind, wenn die Risikowahrnehmung in einem bedeutenden historiographischen Text des Hochmittelalters untersucht wird: in den um ca. 1126 verfassten (und ca. 1135-1143 revidierten) Gesta regum Anglorum, oder Taten der Könige Englands, des englischen Benediktinermönchs Wilhelm von Malmesbury.
Material und Design
Authors: Reinhardt Nico
Published: August 2018

Materialien sind »gestaltete« Produkte mit spezifischen Eigenschaften und Kontexten. Sie lassen sich phänomenologisch und hermeneutisch interpretieren, um an weiterführende Gestaltungsinformationen zu gelangen. Nico Reinhardt stellt einen »materialorientierten Gestaltungsansatz« im Design vor, indem er das Entwurfsvorhaben ausgehend von Materialien betrachtet und hinterfragt. Das gegensätzliche Eigenschaftspaar »weich/fest« bildet hierbei die verbindende Diskussionsgrundlage. Hierauf aufbauend skizziert er zuerst einen designhistorischen wie -theoretischen Unterbau, um schließlich die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Verbundwerkstoffes aus einer textilarmierten Keramik aufzuzeigen.
HAZCI VE FAYDACI YAKLAŞIMIN MARKA BAĞI OLUŞUMUNDAKİ ROLÜ
Authors: Dönmez Mevlüt , Tosun Nurhan
Published: August 2018

Ürün ve hizmetler
arasındaki fonksiyonel farkların ortadan kalkmasıyla markalar rekabetten
ayrışabilmek, tüketici zihninde uzun süreli bir yer elde edebilme çabasına
girmişlerdir. Bu noktada, tüketicilerle uzun süreli bir etkileşime önem veren
işletmeler, tüketicilerde bir marka bağı oluşturma gayreti içerisindedirler.
Yaşamları boyunca çeşitli markaları satın alan tüketiciler ise sınırlı
markalarla aralarında uzun süreli bağlar geliştirmektedirler. İşletmeler,
tüketicilerle aralarında güçlü ve sürekli bir marka bağı oluşturmak için reklam
çalışmalarından faydalanmaktadır. Reklamlarda kullanılan hazcı ve faydacı
mesajların marka bağı oluşturmadaki etkisinden faydalanan işletmeler,
oluşturdukları reklam içerikleriyle tüketicilerle markaları arasında uzun süreli
bağ kurma çabasına girmektedirler. Bu çalışma kapsamında, reklamlarda
kullanılan hazcı, faydacı ve her iki mesaj türünü içeren hem hazcı hem de
faydacı mesajların tüketicilerde oluşan marka bağına yönelik rolü
incelenmektedir. Araştırmada her bir reklam türünün belirlenen tanımlayıcı
özellikler (yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, medeni durum, aktif olarak çalışma
durumu, aylık gelir düzeyi ve daha önce Ikea mağazasını ziyaret etme durumu)
açısından marka bağı oluşturmadaki rolü de irdelenmiştir. Ikea reklamları
üzerine gerçekleştirilen araştırma sonucunda, bağ oluşumunda en yoğun etkiyi
reklamlardaki hem hazcı hem de faydacı mesajların birlikte kullanımının yaptığı
görülürken, ikinci sırada hazcı mesajlar yer almakta ve bağın oluşumunda üç
mesaj tipi arasında en düşük etkiye sahip mesaj tipinin faydacı reklam
mesajlarının olduğu görülmüştür.
Inner loop program construct: A faster way for program execution
Authors: Adewumi Tosin P.
Published: August 2018

Loops are repetitive control structures in programming languages. They are used extensively in many algorithms. The for-loop and while-loop exist, where the former is repeated a number of times while the latter is repeated until a condition is met. Some have asked if re-arranging loops in certain ways can change a program’s speed to produce machine-independent optimisation. Therefore, this research sought to find out if there is any speed difference in a single loop of computations and a loop with an inner loop of same computations. Greater focus is on inner for-loop. The research used a comparative study method in order to evaluate the primary data obtained from running several tests in four popular programming languages: C, C#, Python and R. The Python implementations were further tested on Ubuntu 16 for comparison with results from Windows 10. Results established that, across all languages, there were more computations performed per unit time with an inner for-loop than no inner loop, meaning, given the same number of computations to perform, a loop with an inner for-loop will finish faster. The inner while-loop didn’t perform so well, though. This study will help developers in making better choices with programming language and style.
Validation of blood counters for quality control of platelet concentrates with high platelet counts
Authors: Arlt Nicole , Rothe Remo , Moog Rainer
Published: August 2018

Background

Blood counters are primarily used to measure peripheral blood cells including platelets (PLTs). In routine quality control of platelet concentrates (PCs), counters are also used to analyze very high PLT counts. To meet the requirements of national and European guidelines for quality assurance, the accuracy of counting very high PLT counts has to be validated. The aim of the present study was to validate four blood counters (one of which has two detection methods) focusing on the PLT count.

Methods

The comparison was performed with PCs using the blood counter devices CELL-DYN Ruby (optical count) and CELL-DYN Emerald (impedance count), Sysmex K-4500 (impedance count), Sysmex XN-550 (impedance count) and Sysmex XN-550 (optical count). For precision performances, samples were measured serially 5 times and the coefficients of variation were calculated and compared with manufacturers’ requirements. Additionally, 50 peripheral blood samples were analyzed and standard hemogram parameters (red blood cells [RBC], white blood cells [WBC], hemoglobin [HGB], hematocrit [HCT], PLTs) were compared.

Results

The comparison showed significant differences between the studied blood counter devices in measuring high PLT counts. The CELL-DYN-Emerald, the Sysmex K-4500 and Sysmex XN-500 with the optical counting method measured significantly higher PLT counts compared to the CELL-DYN-Ruby and the Sysmex XN-500 with the impedance counting technology (p<0.0001) independent of their principle of measurement. The manufacturers provide comparable coefficients of variation. We achieved similar results for all counters. All results of the peripheral blood count parameters were comparable.

Conclusions

Our study showed the importance of blood counter validations focusing on PCs with high PLT counts before routine use. Not only the generally fundamental method, but also the manufacturers’ peculiarities seem to play an important role.
Structural aspects of heterotrinuclear Pt2M, PtM2, and PtMM′ complexes – distortion isomers
Authors: Melnik Milan , Mikus Peter , Forgacsova Andrea , Mikulova Maria Bodnar
Published: August 2018

In this review, the structural parameters of 18 heterotrinuclear Pt2M (M=Hg, Zn, Cd, Au, Mn, Ag, Pd), PtM2 (M=Al, Ga, Sb, In, Mo, Fe), PtFeMn, PtHgMn, and PtFeOs types are summarized and analyzed. The Pt atoms are four-, five-, and even six-coordinated, among which the four-coordinated ones are the most common. The M atoms are found to be two- (Hg), three- (Hg), four- (Hg, Sb, In, Ag, Au), and six- (Ga, In, Al, Mo, Mn, Fe, Pd) coordinated and even sandwiched (FeC10). There is a wide variety of donor atoms (ligands) (O+NL, N+CL, NL, CO, CN, CL, Cl, SL, PL, I), which build up the respective inner coordination spheres about the metal atoms. The 17 complexes contain two crystallographically independent molecules within the same crystal, and 1 complex contains four such molecules. In each complex, the respective molecules are differing mostly by the degree of distortion in metal-metal and metal-ligand bond distances and ligand-metal-ligand bond angles, and are examples of distortion isomerism.
Impactos socioambientales del cultivo de la palma africana: los casos mexicano y brasileño
Authors: Ávila Romero Agustín , Albuquerque Jadson
Published: August 2018

Con el presente artículo buscamos analizar los impactos socioambientales de la territorialización de la palma africana (Elaeis guineensis) en México y en Brasil. Dicho cultivo es fuertemente impulsado por empresas agroindustriales y políticas públicas que han construido los respectivos Estados Nación. La expansión de las plantaciones de palma africana no es un fenómeno solamente mexicano o brasileño, ya que se encuentra presente en diversas partes del mundo, destacando su producción en países asiáticos, africanos y latinoamericanos. En México y Brasil las plantaciones destinadas a la producción del agrocombustible y derivados de la industria aceitera, están vinculados a la supuesta generación de ingresos económicos para los productores. En el caso brasileño se les ha vinculado a la agenda de “inclusión social y económica” de la agricultura familiar, que presupone algunas políticas públicas como es el caso del Programa Nacional de Producción y Uso de Biodiesel (PNPB) y el Programa de Producción Sustentable del Aceite de Palma (PPSOP). En el caso mexicano se ha impulsado a través del Programa de Desarrollo Productivo del Sur-sureste de FIRCO y FomenPalma. Los efectos muestran un modelo de acumulación basado en la desvalorización de la vida campesina, la explotación y el despojo agrario, provocando la reestructuración de los procesos de producción agropecuarios en México y en Brasil. La referencia temática hace parte de la agenda de investigación de los autores con una gran cantidad de lecturas sobre el tema y trabajos de campo en los dos países entre los años 2014 y 2017.
Monitoring of multiresistant community-associated MRSA strains from patients with pathological processes of different localization
Authors: Sklyar T. V. , Lavrentievа K. V. , Gavrilyuk V. G. , Kurahina N. V. , Vereshchaha M. O. , Lykholat O. A.
Published: August 2018

The therapy of infections, caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with multiple resistance to antibiotics remains one of the most acute problems all over the world. It is all the more complicated since a priori the MSRA strains are not sensitive to the group of β-lactam antibiotics and multiresistant isolates are resistant to other groups of antimicrobial preparations, including antibiotics of choice (rifampicin, vancomycin, fusidic acid, co-trimoxazole and linezolid). From the samples of biomaterials of patients with pathological processes of different localization, we isolated 335 strains of bacteria, which were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, 169 (50.4%) of which were methicillin-resistant variants: 57.5% cultures were isolated from the nasal discharge; 50.7% – from faeces at intestinal dysbioses; by 40.0% – from conjunctival discharge, pharyngeal swab, outer ear swab and sputum; 33.3% – from urine samples. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated cultures was estimated by the disc-diffusion method and the method of serial dilution. The MRSA strains appeared to be most resistant to gentamycin, erythromycin (by 59.5% of cultures) and ciprofloxacin (53.3% of isolates), most sensitive – to vancomycin, co-trimoxazole and fusidic acid. The frequency of isolation of the cultures that are resistant to antibiotics did not exceed 4.1%. Rifampicin suppressed the growth of 75.8% and linezolid – of 100.0% of strains. Depending on the kind of biomaterial taken, MRSA strains, isolated from the nasal cavity, outer ear, urine samples, samples of sputum and faeces at intestinal dysbioses proved to be most resistant to the tested antimicrobial preparations. Rifampicin- and vancomycin-resistant strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococci made up 21.3% of the total number of the detected MRSA. They were most often isolated from the clinical samples taken from the nasal cavity and faeces. When determining minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rifampicin and vancomycin, which are antibiotics of choice for treatment of infections caused by multiresistant MRSA, it was found that for 55.5% of the MRSA strains isolated from faeces, MIC of rifampicin coincided with the threshold value for this antibiotic and for 44.5%, it exceeded the threshold value by 2 times (4 µg/ml). 22.2% of them were characterized by the critical value of susceptibility to vancomycin (MIC ≥ 2 µg/ml). From rifampicin- and vancomycin-resistant MRSA stains, isolated from the nasal cavity, MIC of rifampicin coincided with the threshold value for this antibiotic for 66.7% of cultures, and exceeded it at least by 2 times for 33.3%. 11.1% of them were characterized by the critical level of susceptibility to vancomycin (MIC ≥ 2 µg/ml) and by 3.7% of strains exceeded MIC by 2 and 4 times respectively (4 and 8 µg/ml).
NON-EQUILIBRIUM POROELECTROELASTIC THEORY OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTE WITHIN THE CONDITIONS OF WATER ELECTROLYSIS
Authors: Kalinnikov A. A. , Grigoriev S. A. , Bessarabov D. G.
Published: August 2018

The paper considers a non-equilibrium poroelectroelastic theory of a polymer electrolyte under the conditions of water electrolysis with the purpose of further use for a theoretical description of mass transfer processes in l ayers of a membrane-electrode assembly. Moreover, this paper carries out the review and analysis of the models of electro- chemical and mass-exchange processes in the electrolyzers, and analyzes the problems of their physicochemical description. We make a conclusion about the need to use models of water sorption and scaling of polymer electrolyte and analyze the models of water sorption and swelling of the polymer electrolyte. It is concluded that the existing poroelectroelastic theory is the most suitable for its modification for use in non-equilibrium conditions during elec- trolysis. The basic equation of the balance of pressures of the classical equilibrium poroelectroelastic theory for polymer electrolyte is considered. A modification of the poroelectroelastic theory has been carried out in order to its use in non-equilibrium conditions of water electrolysis for the purpose of further modeling of mass transfer processes. Based on experimental data available in open sources, the paper makes an analysis of the properties and features of elastic forces in the polymer electrolyte, and then refines the dependencies of the elastic forces in the polymer electro- lyte from the swelling and temperature. Taking into account the existing experimental data on the permeability of gases in a polymer electrolyte and the feature of swelling of the polymer electrolyte in a contact with liquid water, parameters of the non-equilibrium poroelectroelastic theory have been obtained for the water electrolysis conditions.
IDENTIFIKASI MUSIM PRODUKTIF RUMPUT LAUT Eucheuma striatum DI PERAIRAN GORONTALO UTARA
Authors: Ratnawati Pustika , Pong-Masak Petrus Rani
Published: August 2018

Minimnya informasi di tingkat pembudidaya mengenai waktu tanam yang produktif sesuai spesifikasi lokasi dan perubahan musim membuat produktivitas lahan dikelola kurang optimal. Identifikasi terkait dengan musim optimal dalam pemanfaatan lahan secara produktif sebagai bagian dari manajemen budidaya perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan musim produktif rumput laut Euchuema striatum di wilayah perairan Teluk Langge, Gorontalo Utara. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Desember 2015 di Desa Langge, Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara. Unit percobaan disusun dengan rancangan acak kelompok pada tiga zona lokasi budidaya sebagai perlakuan, dengan tiga kali ulangan. Zona-1 berdekatan dengan daratan (jarak: 100-200 m), zona-2 dengan estimasi jarak 500-600 m, dan zona-3 di bagian ujung teluk dengan jarak 1.000-1.500 m dari daratan utama. Indikator utama yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan, penyakit, dan kualitas perairan. Rumput laut Eucheuma striatum yang dibudidaya dengan metode longline dengan bobot awal tanam 50 g/rumpun dan panjang tali ris 35 m. Pada setiap bentangan diberi penanda/label sebanyak 10 titik dan dilakukan pengamatan setiap interval waktu 45 hari. Hasil pengamatan selama tujuh siklus budidaya menunjukkan bahwa musim produktif rumput laut E. striatum di perairan Teluk Langge terjadi pada bulan Juni hingga September. Pertumbuhan rumput laut terbaik pada kawasan budidaya adalah yang dekat dengan daratan.Limited information available to seaweed farmers regarding the optimum planting time at a certain location and adaptation to seasonal changes contributed to low seaweed productivity. Therefore, an accurate planting calendar to optimize the use of productive coastal areas is vitally needed as part of the sustainable management of seaweed cultivation. The purpose of this study was to identify the productive season for Euchuema striatum in the Langge Bay water, North Gorontalo. The study was conducted from January to December 2015 in the Langge Village, North Gorontalo Regency. The experiment units consisted of three farming zone treatments with three replicates arranged in a block randomized design. Each farming zone was situated perpendicular to and at a certain distance from the shoreline (zone-1 = 100-200 m, zone-2 = 500-600 m, and zone-3= 1,000-1,500 m). The main variables measured were growth, disease occurrence, and water quality. Eucheuma striatum seeds were cultivated using a long-line method which the length of the main ropes used was 35 m and the initial seed weight was 50 g. Along each of the main rope, 10 seeds were marked, labelled and observed at every culture cycle (45 days) and lasted for 7 cycles. The results of observation suggested that the productive season for E. striatum is from June to November. The best area for an optimum seaweed growth in the study region is on the area close to the shoreline (zone-1).
Hidden Baggage: Behavioral Responses to Changes in Airline Ticket Tax Disclosure
Authors: Bradley Sebastien , Feldman Naomi E.
Published: August 2018

We examine the impact on air travelers of an enforcement action issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation in January 2012 that required U.S. air carriers and online travel agents to incorporate all mandatory taxes and fees into their advertised fares. Exploiting cross-itinerary ticket tax variation within international city market pairs, we provide evidence that the more prominent display of tax-inclusive prices is associated with a significant reduction in tax incidence on consumers and a decline in passenger volume along more heavily-taxed itineraries. Ticket revenues are commensurately reduced. These results suggest a pronounced degree of inattention to ticket taxes prior to the introduction of full-fare advertising and reinforces the theoretical predictions and experimental findings of the literature on tax salience in a quasi-experimental context where taxes average more than $100 per ticket and where firms may engage in price-setting behavior.
Como os jovens se relacionam com o rádio e as novas tecnologias: uma análise em profundidade de usuários portugueses e brasileiros
Authors: Weigelt Diego , Parmeggiani Brenda
Published: August 2018

Com a digitalização e a convergência, surgem novos hábitos e formas de consumo radiofônico. Nesse contexto, interessa estudar os jovens como parte importante da audiência. Para melhor entender a relação entre jovens, rádio e novas tecnologias, propõe-se uma análise de dez perfis de usuários, entre portugueses e brasileiros. Destes, alguns se destacam como early adopters, no uso de novas tecnologias para o consumo radiofônico, e outros como heavy users, numa escuta frequente e intensa.
Relação entre narrativa institucional e construção de significados em uma organização
Authors: Bomfim Marlene Da Silva , Dias Robson , Gomes Victor Márcio Laus Reis , Dravet Florence Marie
Published: August 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar como a construção de significados em um evento em uma organização pode ampliar sua narrativa original. A pesquisa bibliográfica sobre narrativa e construção de sentidos dará a fundamentação teórica necessária à realização do estudo de caso, cujo foco é o projeto Boas-Vindas aos Calouros, realizado semestralmente pela Universidade de Brasília. O reflexo da narrativa dessa instituição na construção de significados daquele será visto, especialmente, por meio da análise de conteúdo dos três últimos slogans do evento e comparado com a análise de discurso da narrativa organizacional.
LYKAONİA KOİNON TARİHİ VE SİKKELERİ
Authors: ABAY Nizam
Published: August 2018

Bugünkü Konya ve Karaman illerinin büyük
bölümünü kapsayan Lykaonia Orta Anadolu'da bulunan antik bölgenin ismi olarak
geçmektedir. Coğrafi konumu nedeniyle kuzeyden güneye, doğudan batıya giden
yolların kesişim noktası içerisinde yer alır. Neolitik Dönem'den Antik Çağ'a
kadar kesintisiz yerleşime sahne olan Lykaonia Bölgesi her dönem farklı idari
yapılanmaya gerek duymuştur. Bunlardan biri Antonius Pius'un
idaresinde Lykaonia’nın güney sınırlarının ayrılması, Isauria ve Kilikia
bölgesi ile birleştirilmesiydi. Koinon yapısı muhtemelen Part tehdidine karşı
bir araya gelip savunma yapısı oluşturmak için kurulan idari bir sistemdi.
Nitekim bu durumu Antonius Pius'tan Philippus Arabs'a (MS 244-249) kadar Derbe, Barata,
Ilistra, Dalisandos ve Laranda
sikkeleri üzerinde yer alan "Lykaonia Koinon" lejantından
anlamaktayız. Bu koinon sikkelerinin yardımıyla da koinon sikkesi darp
eden kentlerin kült yapısı, tapınılan tanrı ve tanrıçaları, kutsal hayvanlar,
mitolojik hikâyeler ve kahramanları, şehri ziyaret eden imparatorlar gibi
konularda kesin ve doğru bilgileri aktarmak çalışmamızın ana konusunu oluşturmuştur.
NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR VASCULOGENIC ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Zhukov O. B. , Vasilyev A. E. , Zhumataev M. B.
Published: August 2018

Introduction. In the initial stages of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED), young men who are dissatisfied by administration of inhibitor 5-phosphodiesterase and/or intracavernous injections tend to deny surgical treatment. At the decompensated stage of ED penile prosthesis implantation presents the method of choice. However, currently there are new treatment approaches, the effectiveness of which is actively being investigated.

Materials and methods. In article results of surgical treatment of 38 patients (25–48 years, mean age 34.3 ± 7.4 years) with vasculogenic ED are presented: 33 – venoocclusive ED, 5 – arterial insufficiency of the corpora cavernosa, 2 of them have hemodynamic and clinical signs of arteriovenous ED in subcompensation. The treatment included stenting or endovascular embolization with spirals.

Results. Maximum follow-up was 4 years. Overall clinical effectiveness and subsequent sexual rehabilitation were assessed as sufficient based on the international index of erectile function before surgery was 10,5 ± 3,6 (9–13) and after surgery – 21,3 ± 4,2 (14–25) (p = 0,001).

Conclusion. Application of these innovative technologies allows to perform a sexual rehabilitation of most patients with ED and to avoid phalloprosthesis implantation.
Retrospective study of cesarean rate in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kabbur Vasant , S. Lakshmi K. , Umadi M. M.
Published: August 2018

Background: Worldwide there has been an increase in the rate of caesarean delivery due to multiple factors. The main objective of this study is to analyze the various indications of caesarean delivery over a period of 4 years and to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes between elective and emergency caesarean section.Methods: Retrospective study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Belgaum Institute of Medical Sciences, Belagavi, India. The study period was from January 2016 - December 2017. The details were taken from case sheets, operation and parturition records and newborn records of 325 patients who underwent caesarean section. The data was analyzed with special reference to the indication of caesarean section, maternal and fetal outcomes among elective and emergency cases.Results: The incidence of cesarean section was 28%. The commonest indication for C-delivery was repeat cesarean (43%) followed by CPD (15%). Failed induction and Fetal distress were the next common indication (10%) and (7%) respectively. Maternal morbidity was 20% with 1 maternal death (0.1%). The commonest complications were primary hemorrhage and wound infection, intra OP and post OP respectively. The perinatal morbidity and mortality were 10% and 2.26% respectively.Conclusions: The incidence of ceaserean section is 12.5% in our hospital falling well within the WHO guidelines. Among the indications, previous LSCS is contributing to a greater percentage, which should be reduced by promoting more VBAC. It also emphasizes the need for reducing primary sections. Post-partum haemorrhage has been brought well under control, sepsis still accounts for greater postop morbidity and meconium aspiration is the commonest cause for perinatal morbidity and mortality.