bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tecnología lítica en contextos guaraníes. Resultados del análisis de las colecciones “Isla Martín García” y “La Correntina”
Authors: Pazzi Franco
Published: April 2021

Los estudios sobre tecnología guaraní han estado enfocados principalmente en la alfarería, relegando otros componentes que constituyen la cultura material, especialmente los artefactos líticos. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas se observa un aumento en los análisis sistemáticos de estos materiales en particular, previamente postergados. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis tecno-morfológico de dos conjuntos líticos que forman parte de las colecciones arqueológicas guaraníes “Isla Martín García” y “La Correntina”. Los resultados sugieren que los objetivos de talla en los sitios estuvieron orientados a la producción de lascas por talla bipolar a partir de rocas locales. Además, la presencia de ciertos instrumentos indica que se habrían llevado a cabo tareas relacionadas con la confección de artefactos cilíndricos (como tembetás) y astiles de madera, y con la formatización de filos agudos, como el de las hachas pulidas.
ZINC, ITS FUNCTIONS AND ROLE IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Authors: USLU Burcu , AKTAÇ Şule
Published: April 2021

Zinc (Zn) is the essential mineral for the organism. It is a biological trace element that needs to be taken every day for optimal health. Despite the vital necessity of Zn, the body has no warehouse that can be used to maintain metal levels for a long time. Zinc is absorbed in the intestine by specific zinc-bearing proteins and distributed in the human body. Free zinc is rare in serum because albumin is highly attached on proteins such as α2-macroglobulin and transferrin. During zinc deficiency, while polymorphonuclear cells chemotaxis and phagocytosis decreased, zinc supplementation had the opposite effect. Pathogens are destroyed by the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases which have been shown to be inhibited by both zinc deficiency and excess after phagocytosis.
ANNE VE BABA ADAYLARININ GEBE OKULUNA KATILMA VE KATILMAMA NEDENLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: AYDIN İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ŞEKER Sibel , ÇİTİL CANBAY Funda , CESUR Ceylan , FİROUZ Nasim
Published: April 2021

Araştırma anne ve baba adaylarının gebe okuluna katılma ve katılmama nedenlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Araştırma, tanımlayıcı tipte gerçekleştirildi. Örnekleme 100 çift alındı. Verilerin toplanmasında “Anne Adayı Bilgi Formu” ve” Baba Adayı Bilgi Formu” kullanıldı. Analizde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve ki-kare analizi kullanıldı. Gebe okuluna katılan baba adaylarının ebeveynlik (%25), eşe destek olmak (%25) ve tüm süreçle ilgili bilgi almak (%25) amacıyla gebe okuluna başvurduğu belirlendi. Gebe okuluna katılan anne adayları ise, çoğunlukla doğum korkusu (%26.5) ve tüm süreçle ilgili bilgi almak (%26.5) için gebe okuluna katıldığı belirlendi. Gebe okuluna katılmayan anne adaylarının %20.7’si uygulamayı duymadığı için gebe okuluna katılmadığı belirlendi. Baba adaylarının %50.6’sı iş yoğunluğu nedeniyle gebe okuluna katılmadığını bildirdi. Katılımcıların gebe okuluna katılma durumu, katılma ve katılmama nedenleri bakımından istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olduğu saptandı (p<0.05). Katılımcıların çoğunlukla gebe okuluna katılmadığı ve gebe okulu hakkında yeterli bilgi sahibi olmadığı belirlendi.
TIP FAKÜLTESİNDE ÇALIŞAN TIBBİ SEKRETERLERİN VE İDARİ PERSONELİN MESLEKİ DOYUMLARI, TÜKENMİŞLİKLERİ, DEPRESYON DÜZEYLERİ VE FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE DÜZEYLERİ
Authors: ÇETİN Esra , ÖZDENGÜL Faik , YARGIÇ Melda Pelin , AYDIN Leyla
Published: April 2021

Aynı tıp fakültesinde poliklinikte görev yapan tıbbi sekreterlerin ve idari personelin mesleki doyum, tükenmişlik, depresyon düzeyi ve fiziksel aktivite durumlarının değerlendirilip, bu parametrelerin iş tanımlarına (hasta ile görüşen – görüşmeyen) göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Çalışmaya toplam 96 poliklinik sekreteri ve idari personel dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara Minnesota İş Doyum Ölçeği, Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Uluslarası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi -Kısa Form uygulanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde R versiyon 3.5.1 kullanılmıştır. Her iki grup arasında Minnesota iş doyum ölçeği, Maslach tükenmişlik ölçeği ve Beck depresyon ölçeği puanları arasında anlamlı fark izlenmemiştir (sırasıyla p=0.56, p=0.55 ve p=0.49). Gruplar kendi içinde karşılaştırıldığında, Minnesota iş doyum ölçeğinin dışsal doyum puanının içsel doyum puanından düşük olduğu görülmüştür (p=0.02). Fiziksel aktiviteleri incelendiğinde haftalık MET-dakika’larının (Metabolic Equivalent of Task, görevin metabolik eşdeğeri) ortanca (çeyrekler açıklığı) değerleri tıbbi sekreterlerde 693 (1801.5), idari personelde 297 (1287), oturma sürelerinin medyan değerleri ise tıbbi sekreterlerde 300 (420), idari personelde 30 (360) olarak bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p=0.10 ve p=0.01). Poliklinik sekreterleri ile idari personelin iş doyumu, tükenmişlik ve depresyon düzeyinde anlamlı fark izlenmemesi, hasta ile birebir iletişim halinde olmanın bu parametreler açısından önemli bir belirleyen olmadığını düşündürmektedir. Özellikle tıbbi sekreterlerde mesai saatlerindeki fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğu saptanmıştır.
PARSİYEL VE TAM KAT ROTATOR MANŞON YIRTIKLARININ KONSERVATİF TEDAVİYE YANITLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: YAĞMUR Neslihan , TALAY ÇALIŞ Havva , ÜLKÜ DEMİR Fatma Gül , KARABAŞ Çağlar
Published: April 2021

Rotator manşon yırtıkları (RMY) omuz ağrısının toplumda sık görülen nedenleri arasında yer almaktadır. Tedavisinde öncelikle konservatif tedavi yöntemleri uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Kayseri Şehir Hastanesi Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon (FTR) kliniğimize RMY tanısıyla yatan 69 hastanın dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalar parsiyel ve tam kat yırtık olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Parsiyel RMY grubunu hastaların %52.6’sı (30/57) oluşturmakta olup erkek oranı %15.7 (9/57) ve kadın oranı %36.9 (21/57) kadın idi. Tam kat RMY grubunu hastaların %47.4’si (27/57) oluşturmakta olup erkek oranı %8.7 (5/57) ve kadın oranı %38.4’si (22/57) idi. Grupların konservatif tedavi öncesi ve sonrası Eklem Hareket Açıklığı (EHA) ve Vizüel Anolog Skala (VAS) değerleri incelendi. İki grupta da tedavi sonrasında VAS değerlerinde tedavi öncesine göre azalma oldu (parsiyel için p<0.001; tam kat için p<0.001). Hastaların tedavi sonrasında EHA değerleri ise tedavi öncesine göre (fleksiyon, abduksiyon, iç ve dış rotasyon) artış göstermiştir (parsiyel, tam kat sırasıyla; fleksiyon p<0.001, p<0.001; abduksiyon p<0.001, p<0.001; iç rotasyon p=0.03, p=0.03; dış rotasyon p=0.01, p=0.04). Ancak bu değerler iki grup arasında karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak fark saptanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak parsiyel ve tam kat RMY’de konservatif tedavinin omuz ağrı ve fonksiyonu üzerinde etkinlikleri benzerdir. Konservatif tedavi, parsiyel veya tam kat RMY gözetmeksizin etkindir.
ADRİAMİSİNİN OLUŞTURDUĞU TESTİS HASARI ÜZERİNE E VİTAMİNİ VE SELENYUM’UN KORUYUCU ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÜNAL Mehmet Alparslan , BALCIOĞLU Esra , BİLGİCİ Pınar , ÖZDAMAR Saim
Published: April 2021

Adriamisin, kanser tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan bir kemoterapi ilacıdır. Adriamisin kanser hücreleri yanında testis dahil birçok dokuda zararlı etki göstermektedir. Selenyum ve Vitamin E üreme organları ve kısırlık üzerine koruyucu özelliklere sahiptirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Adriamisin ile indüklenen testis hasarına karşı E vitamini ve Selenyumun koruyucu etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada 64 erkek sıçan her grupta 8 adet olacak şekilde; Kontrol, Adriamisin, Vitamin E, Selenyum, Vitamin E+Selenyum, Adriamisin+Vitamin E, Adriamisin+Selenyum, Adriamisin+VitaminE+Selenyum gruplarına ayrıldı. Testis dokuları eksize edildi ve %10’lukformaldehit içinde fikse edilerek rutin histolojik doku takibi basamaklarından geçirilerek parafin bloklara gömüldü. 5µm kalınlığındaki kesitler alınarak histopatolojik değerlendirme için Hematoksilen&Eozin ile boyanarak ışık mikroskobunda incelendi. Seminifer tübüllerdeki hasar JTBS ile belirlendi. Biyokimyasal yöntemlerle, Malondealdehit, Süperoksit Dismutaz, Katalaz ve Glutatyon Peroksidaz aktivitelerine bakıldı. Daha sonra kandaki serum örneklerinden testesteron seviyeleri ölçümlendi. TUNEL yöntemiyle apoptotik hücrelerin sayımı yapıldı. Sonuç olarak, dokular histopatolojik olarak değerlendirildiğinde diğer gruplardan farklı olarak ADR grubuna ait testis dokusunda düzensizlikler gözlendi. TUNEL yöntemi sonuçlarına göre ADR grubunda TUNEL pozitif hücre sayısı diğer gruplarla kıyaslandığında artış tespit edilmiştir (p=0.001). Testis dokusundaki MDA (p=0.593), CAT (p=0.469), GPx (p=0.655) ve SOD (p=0.907) değerleri kıyaslandığında ise gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Testosteron düzeyleri, ADR uygulanan tüm gruplarda daha düşük bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda gruplar arasında testosteron düzeyleri açısından anlamlı fark ortaya çıkmıştır (p=0.001). Adriamisin uygulanması sıçan testis dokularında hasar oluşturmuştur. Vitamin E ve Selenyum tedavisinin testis dokularında kısmen düzeltici etkiye sahip olduğunu kanıtlamıştır.
KADINLARIN GEBELİK DÖNEMİNDEKİ AĞIZ DİŞ SAĞLIĞI DURUMLARI
Authors: TOPUZ Şenay , GÜNEŞ Aylin , BÜYÜKKAYACI DUMAN Nuriye
Published: April 2021

Gebelik döneminde kadının ağız diş sağlığı hem gebe kadının, hem de doğacak çocuğun gelecek ağız diş sağlığında belirleyici olmasından dolayı çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada kadınların gebelik dönemindeki ağız, diş sağlığı durumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte yapılan araştırmanın örneklemini Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Hastanesi’ne başvuran doğum aşamasındaki 212 kadın oluşturmuştur. Veriler literatüre dayalı olarak hazırlanan anket formu kullanılarak toplanmış, IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) v.22 paket programında uygun istatistiksel yöntemlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan kadınların yaş ortalamasının 27.8±6.65 yaş (min 17-max 42) olduğu, %70.3’ünün dişlerini düzenli fırçaladığı, düzenli fırçalayanların da %59.7’sinin günde en az iki kez diş fırçaladığı, diş ipi (%9) ve ağız gargarası (%17) kullanım oranlarının ise çok düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların %36.6’sı gebelik sırasında diş fırçalama alışkanlığının değiştiğini, diş fırçalama alışkanlığının değiştiğini belirten kadınların %30.9’u gebelik döneminde diş fırçalamayı daha düzenli hale getirdiğini, %69.1’i ise diş eti kanaması, diş fırçası ve diş macununun bulantı hissini artırdığı veya diğer nedenlerden dolayı diş fırçalama sıklığının azaldığını ya da dişini fırçalamadığını belirtmiştir. Kadınların ağız diş sağlığı ile ilgili bilgilerinin ve uygulamalarının yeterli olmadığı, ayrıca gebelikte diş fırçalama oranların azaldığı tespit edildiğinden, gebelik öncesi dönemden başlayarak kadınlara konu hakkında hemşireler ve ebeler tarafından eğitimler verilmesinin uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.
TÜRKİYE’DE ANTİBİYOTİK TÜKETİM MİKTARININ VE BİRİNCİ BASAMAK SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ANTİBİYOTİK REÇETELEME UYGULAMALARININ OECD ÜLKELERİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OLARAK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: EMRE Selda , LUX Karl Michael
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacıTürkiye’de antibiyotik tüketim miktarının ve antibiyotik reçeteleme uygulamalarının Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (OECD) ülkeleri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesidir. Bu çalışma, OECD Sağlık Verileri ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) Avrupa Antimikrobiyal İlaçlar Tüketim Ağı veritabanları üzerinden Türkiye ve OECD ülkelerindeki antibiyotik tüketim ve reçeteleme verisinin karşılaştırmalı analizidir. Antibiyotik tüketim hacmi, DID (her 1000 kişi için tanımlanmış günlük doz)olarak verilmiştir. Türkiye’nin 2013’de 41.1 DID olan toplam sistemik antibakteriyel ilaç tüketim hacmi, 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında sırasıyla 35.5 DID ve 31.0 DID düzeyine düşmüştür. Türkiye OECD ülkeleri arasında, 2013’de en yüksek antibiyotik tüketimine sahipken, 2018’de bu tüketimde %24.6’lık bir düşüş göstermiştir. DSÖ veritabanında Türkiye’de beta-laktam grubu antibiyotiklerin kullanım oranı 2013-2017 yılları arasında %43.9’dan %47’ye çıkarken, sefalosporinlerin kullanım oranı %32.1’den %26.4’e düşmüştür. Türkiye’de tüketilen toplam antibiyotik miktarının sadece %41.3’ünün birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde reçetelenmektedir, bu değer tüm OECD ülkeleri arasındaki en düşük orandır. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye OECD ülkeleri arasında hala en yüksek antibiyotik tüketim miktarına sahip ülkeler arasındadır. Ancak, özellikle 2016 yılından itibaren Türkiye’de antibiyotik tüketim miktarında belirgin düşüş olması ve “birinci sıra” antibiyotikler tüketiminde artışla birlikte “ikinci sıra” antibiyotiklerin tüketiminde azalma olması dikkat çekicidir. Bu olumlu ve umut verici bulguların, ulusal düzeyde alınan tedbirlerin sonucu olduğu düşünülmektedir.
ВАЛЕОЛОГІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ДУХОВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ОСОБИСТОСТІ
Authors: Бойчук Ю. Д. , Науменко Н. В.
Published: April 2021

Здоров’я в сучасномусуспільстві розглядається як глобальна проблема, яка на рівні соціуму визначає його
можливості щодо виживання, а на індивідуальному — можливості особистості щодо самоактуалізації. Особливої значущості феномену здоров’я надає його безпосередній зв’язок із духовними основами розвитку людини. Саме духовне здоров’я в умовах ціннісної кризи цивілізації стає основним чинником відновлення гармонійних стосунків людини з собою, суспільством та природою і вирішення глобальних проблем сучасності. Оскільки цінності духовного здоров’я формуються в процесі виховання особистості, найвагомішу роль у цьому процесі відіграє система освіти
MODERN GENOSYSTEMATICS AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF NATURALLY GROWING AND INTRODUCED SPECIES OF THE GENUS QUERCUS
Authors: Popova Anna , Molchanov Vladimir , Rad'kova Evgeniya
Published: April 2021

Decoding and annotation of the Oak genome has clarified the taxonomy of the genus Quercus and opens up new possibilities for researchers and foresters for selection and assessment of the evolutionary development of forest formers and forest communities. The purpose of the review was to analyze modern genosystematics, as well as biological characteristics of naturally growing and introduced species of the genus Quercus in Central Russia. For the species Quercus robur, the genome was sequenced, assembled and annotated; the genome decoding made it possible to find out that the longevity and resistance of oak trees is largely based on duplication of R genes for resistance to pathogens, as well as to confirm the accumulation and transmission of somatic mutations in the apical meristems of the shoots. Genetic analysis made it possible to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and divide the genus into the subgenera Euquercus (from 320 to 354 species) and Cyclobalanopsis (76 species) and 6 sections, the main of which are: the Erythrobalanus group (red oak), the Lepidobalanus (white oak), and the Cerris group. The genus Quercus is an important forest producer in the Northern Hemisphere. Considering its ecological nature (the dominance, diversity and development of the data of their phylogenetic, genomic and ecological resources of an important model clade), the oak is a model object of scientific research. Flexible phenology and features of the water regime made it possible to adapt to a wide range of habitat conditions, to form climatypes within and between species, contributing to their high abundance and diversity. Oaks as long-lived plants represent a unique model for the formation of sustainable forest communities; the diversity of species allows them to be introduced into regions of different climatic and ecological factors. In most cases, oaks are ecological dominants, so discoveries at the genome level will be relevant at the level of forest ecosystems and may be the key to solving the problems of sustainability and productivity of oak forests. The review presents modern data on the division of the genus Quercus into subgenera and clades, genetic maps, and the basics of oak longevity. The data on the biology of the genus and species of Central Russia are presented, as well as ecological significance of the genus and the possibility of using trees in various spheres of human activity
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF OPERATING MODES OF A FORESTRY STRIP PLAYER WITH A HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF CUTTING DISC WORKING BODIES
Authors: Zimarin Sergey , Gnusov Maksim , Popikov Viktor , Sherstyukov Nikita
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to laboratory studies of the soil aggregates. To date, remain relevant tasks for preparing for a fire-hazardous season and conducting fire fighting events. Creation, replacing mineralized bands One of the methods for conducting preventive work on the preservation of a forest massif on the development of large forest fires. Foresting the forest soil from the burning elements to the open layer of the soil, namely the creation of mineralized bands is mainly in front of the fire-hazardous season, during which strips and breaks are replaced. For laboratory research, an experimental installation was developed and manufactured. According to the study method, we defined the factors that changed the angle (α) and angle (β) for a spherical disk with semicircular cuts during the experiment. During the experiments, to verify the normality of the distribution of the characteristics responsible for the energy readings of the unit, a series of 30 experiments was performed using 30 experiments when setting the angles of the spherical disk with semicircular cuts α = 100, β = 100. Detailing the hypothesis about the normality of the distribution of the response function by the Criterion X2 -Pirson was carried out. According to the criterion of Kohrene, the homogeneity of the dispersions of the experiments was carried out. Based on the obtained experimental data, the dependences of the rotation of the spherical disk with semicircular cuts from the angle of attack and tilt, the dependence of the power from the angle of attack were constructed.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE OPERATING PROCESS OF THE ROTOR-THROWING MACHINE
Authors: Bartenev Ivan , Petkov Aleksandr , Kamalova Nina
Published: April 2021

The work describes theoretical studies of mathematical, physical and simulation models for studying ground-throwing equipment, in particular, the interaction of the rotor of the thrower with the soil. Changes and innovations carried out by the world community are developing in many directions related to the protection of forests from uncontrolled forest fires. The spread of an uncontrolled forest ground fire over a combustible biofuel occurs by running raids along the litter and along the bases of tree trunks at different speeds, and the height of the flame without taking measures will reach the top of the tree. We have proposed a version of a forest fire ground gun that performs a technological process with the rise of a soil layer above the soil surface, and then a three-stage rotor-thrower ejects the soil in a given direction. The process of throwing soil in an amount sufficient to extinguish the forest ground edge of the fire is a complex system of interaction of the working body with the medium of bulk elements. The main problem, in our opinion, is associated with the insufficient volume supplied by the existing units. On the issue of formalized modeling of soil movement during the operation of the rotor of a forest fire ground gun. With the modern development of digital technologies, the decision-making process on how to modernize technical equipment is unthinkable without designing a workflow. For the constant development of the model, formal relations should contain parameters characterizing the influence of the equipment operating conditions. Thus, the continuous computational experiment will allow not only to estimate the parameters of the working process, but also to manage the optimization of the model itself to determine the most effective values of its parameters. At the first stage of modeling, it was decided that the main parameter of the modernization efficiency would be the value of the average range of the ground flight. Formula relations for the model were obtained within the framework of the physics of the flight of a material point at an angle to the horizon with a minimum influence of the external environment (negligible air viscosity). At the first stage of modeling using spreadsheets, the dependence p (t) was estimated using spreadsheets, which showed that the pressure in the system stabilizes in fractions of a second. So, using the model relations, it is possible to determine in the result of a computational experiment the value of the average range of the ground flight
ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CASTANEA SATIVA MILL. IN NATURAL AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VORONEZH REGION)
Authors: Degtyareva Svetlana , Dorofeeva Valentina , Shipilova Valentina
Published: April 2021

Knowledge of species ecology and biology in general and characteristics of its acclimatization in a particular region are the basis for its successful selection. In this work, the authors present the results of long-term phenological observations of Castanea sativa Mill. since its planting (1967). Ecological and biological analysis has showed some discrepancies in the passage of phenophases. If the growth processes were not completed before the onset of the autumn-winter cold weather, then in recent years the leaf fall ends at the end of October, annual shoots lignify, growth and generative buds are formed. But, in general, it allows us to draw conclusions about the correspondence of the seasonal rhythms of development of the studied sowing chestnut as an introduced species to their local ecological-phytocenotic analogues. It was experimentally established that the fruits of the chestnut do not need pre-sowing treatment, because seed germination is high (70%). The groups of leading factors influencing the stability and development of the species as a whole (in the study area) have been identified. These are: lack of heat in summer, which affects the formation of fruits; short autumn period with high temperature drops, which limits the ripening of the shoots; different spring periods, contributing to the loss of hardening; unstable winter with sharp cold snaps and thaws, intensifying the nature of winter damage
Rapid DNA – a technology for rapid automated DNA profile analysis based on STR loci polymorphism
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Kartasińska Ewa , Jurga Anna ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: April 2021

Since the mid-1990s of the last century, DNA research has become synonymous with scientific progress in forensics. DNA profiling based on the analysis of STR loci polymorphism is considered the gold standard and constitutes an invaluable source of information, enabling, inter alia, the identification of suspects and wanted persons and the identification of corpses, including that based on kinship analysis. However, such analysis is laborious and time-consuming. To reduce this inconvenience, a technology described as rapid DNA has been developed.
Identification of the side of window glass destruction as a type of diagnostic tasks of the forensic examination
Authors:   Kharkiv Scientific – Research Forensic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Kokorin Oleh , Chernov Vadym ,   Kharkiv Scientific – Research Forensic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Cherkashyna Natalya ,   Kharkiv Scientific – Research Forensic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

The peculiarities of the diagnostic tasks of the forensic traces examination in determining the distraction side of the window, depending on the location of the relief drawing on the edges of the cracks and the end surfaces of the fragments are considered in this article. The effects of force on glass have been have been studied in this article. The changes in the lateral force and bending moment affecting the glass plate, which is loaded with force in the middle of the section and at the free end, are analyzed. The sections in which internal force factors have maximum values are established. The order of formation of radial and concentric cracks on the window glass is justified. The relief pattern on the edges of the cracks and the end surfaces of the glass fragments was examined. The mechanism for forming radial and concentric cracks of arcuate shaped lines and serrations on the sides and ribs is justified. The process of formation of the intended radial cracks has been investigated and justified. Recommendations for removing and directing objects from glass for study are made.
A few remarks about the use of Griess reagent in firearm examinations
Authors:   Forensic Laboratory, Voivodeship Police Headquarters in Wrocław, Kuliczkowski Maciej
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article is, inter alia, to determine whether it is possible to define the time that has elapsed since the last shot from a firearm, based on chemical tests of the post-firing residue remaining in the interior of the gun barrel after combustion of gunpowder and firing the primer mass, using Griess reagent. The article also presents the firearm examination findings related to the use of Griess reagent, including the risk of falsification of the results due to previous use of red fluorescent dye in dactyloscopic firearm examinations.
HIT-NET – an information system enabling integration and visualisation of HITs in the DNA and fingerprint databases in conjunction with the criminal data concerning crimes and their perpetrators
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Mondzelewski Jakub , Krzemińska Beata ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Brągoszewska Anna ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Wierzchowski Paweł ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: April 2021

Information is an extremely important element of a successful fight with and prevention of crime. Comprehensive use of the information collected by the Police on crimes, their perpetrators and traces left at incident scenes is a guarantee of crime detection and, as a result, an improvement in the level of safety and public order. The originators of the HIT-NET system appreciate the great potential in the databases operating in the Police, in particular forensic databases. The basis of the concept of the designed IT system was to provide an effective IT tool allowing to indicate the relationship between hits found in DNA and fingerprint databases, and then link them with criminal data. The system being under creation makes it possible to find relationships as well as analyse and graphically visualise the identified networks of connections between people, traces and crimes, together with their presentation on a map.
Modified sewing machine technique in combination with lens aspiration and anterior vitrectomy for large iridodialysis repair
Authors: Iu Kwang Kwok , Yaacob Nadia , Patrick Sylves , Yaakub Azhany
Published: April 2021

We describe the management of a large iridodialysis repair using the modified sewing machine technique and lens aspiration in a single setting in an eye with blunt ocular injury. We performed the lens aspiration first followed by iridodialysis repair. The technique was easy and fast, with good postoperative anatomical outcome.
Organismos Internacionais: outros sentidos para aprendizagens essenciais e conhecimento escolar
Authors: Thiesen Juares Da Silva , Durli Zenilde
Published: April 2021

No artigo, resultante de um estudo de base documental, interrogam-se indicações presentes em textos de reconhecidos Organismos Internacionais (OIs), os quais, desde uma perspectiva global, orientam a formulação de políticas curriculares para sistemas nacionais de ensino. Nesse âmbito, analisam-se os deslocamentos de sentidos que vão sendo mobilizados para os conceitos de aprendizagens essenciais e conhecimento escolar em contextos de prescrição curricular. Defende-se no trabalho, que os deslocamentos operados nestes dois conceitos centrais da formação escolar formam parte de um movimento supranacional de fundo liberal e de racionalidade instrumental, que segue definindo distintos contornos para currículos na Educação Básica.
Short-Dosage Video Training and Brief Coaching for Paraprofessionals
Authors: Zarate Kary , Maggin Daniel , Van Acker Eryn , Brown Christerralyn , Walton Brandi
Published: April 2021

Paraprofessionals are increasingly utilized to support students with intensive needs, yet they often lack the training and skills to provide evidence-based academic and behavioral interventions. Since on-the-job training is the primary method of skill acquisition for this group of school support staff, efficient and feasible training modalities are necessary. In the current study, we implemented a video training and brief coaching model to instruct paraprofessionals on the use of behavior specific praise (BSP). We employed a single-case withdrawal design to examine the effects of the training package on paraprofessionals’ praise rates and student disruption and task engagement. Results indicated the presence of a functional relationship for paraprofessional praise rates and variable effects for student behavior. The paper concludes with recommendations for research and practice as it pertains to preparing paraprofessionals to support students with disabilities
Effect of cascaded nonlinear phase shift on pulsed second-harmonic generation using periodically poled waveguide: a comparison of experimental and numerical results
Authors: Eto Yujiro , Hirano Takuya
Published: April 2021

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) using periodically poled material in the high-conversion regime is investigated experimentally and theoretically. In the experiment, we use nanosecond pulses and periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 waveguides with two lengths, 8.3 and 3.6 mm. In both waveguides, the conversion efficiency reaches 80% with increasing pump power and then decreases. The reduction in efficiency is more prominent for the long waveguide. For a peak power of the fundamental wave exceeding 140 W, stronger SHG is achieved by using the short waveguide. To understand these phenomena, we numerically investigate the effect of the cascaded nonlinear phase shift caused by the quasi-phase-matched SHG. The nonlinear phase shift induces an energy backflow to the fundamental wave even when effective phase matching is satisfied, and it greatly reduces the conversion efficiency, at the same level of power as the experiment.
Effect of initial molecular weight distribution on pattern formation of main-chain-scission-type resists
Authors: Nakajima Ayako , Hoshino Manabu , Kozawa Takahiro
Published: April 2021

Recently, main-chain-scission-type resists have attracted considerable interest because of their highly resolving properties. In this study, the effect of initial molecular weight distribution on the pattern formation of main-chain-scission-type resists was investigated. The main-chain-scission-type resists with different molecular weight distributions were prepared by blending ZEP520A (M
w, 56,000; M
w/M
n: 2.2) and ZEP7000 (M
w, 412 000; M
w/M
n, 2.6) of Zeon. Independently of their initial molecular weight distribution, the molecular weight distributions of the resists become similar through the random main-chain scission. However, the initial molecular weight distribution affected the formation of boundaries between lines and spaces. When their weight ratio was 1:1, the bridges formed by pattern collapse or transient swelling were clearly observed at an irradiation dose lower than those in the case of the other weight ratios.
Nanoscale wedge resistive-switching synaptic device and experimental verification of vector-matrix multiplication for hardware neuromorphic application
Authors: Kim Min-Hwi , Cho Seongjae , Park Byung-Gook
Published: April 2021

In this work, nanoscale wedge-structured silicon nitride (SiN
x
)-based resistive-switching random-access memory with data non-volatility and conductance graduality has been designed, fabricated, and characterized for its application in the hardware neuromorphic system. The process integration with full Si-processing-compatibility for constructing the unique wedge structure by which the electrostatic effects in the synaptic device operations are maximized is demonstrated. The learning behaviors of the fabricated synaptic devices are shown. In the end, vector-matrix multiplication is experimentally verified in the array level for application in more energy-efficient hardware-driven neuromorphic systems.
Kelvin probe force microscopy studies on the influence of hydrocarbon chain length on 1-alkene self-assembled monolayers on Si (111)
Authors: Garcia Maria Carmela T. , Utsunomiya Toru , Ichii Takashi , Sugimura Hiroyuki
Published: April 2021

Surface potential contrasts were measured for n-type silicon (111) modified with 1-alkene self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of varying hydrocarbon chain lengths (n = 10–20) using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Micropatterned SAMs were used in KPFM analysis, with hexadecyl SAM acting as a reference to avoid possible variations due to different KPFM cantilever tips used for analysis. Micropatterning was performed via vacuum ultraviolet photolithography at λ = 172 nm. Individual samples were also analyzed by ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, static water contact angle tests and atomic force microscopy to determine SAM quality. Surface potential changes observed between the different SAMs were attributed to differences in the dipole moment of the precursor molecules, changes in SAM dielectric properties due to differences in molecular packing, and varying oxygen content at the surface.
Relation between statistical properties of sound speed distribution and average sound speed estimation
Authors: Nitta Naotaka , Washio Toshikatsu
Published: April 2021

The speed of sound (SOS), which is the propagation speed of longitudinal waves, is a promising index for early detection and monitoring of diseases, and many measurement methods have been proposed. It has already been found that the average SOS can be easily and reasonably estimated for a homogeneous medium based on time-delay processing by utilizing the method using backscattered waves, which enables the use of handheld probes. However, the error caused by the application of the method to an inhomogeneous medium has not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigate the relationship between statistical properties of the SOS distribution and the measurement error through a simulation and a phantom experiment. As a result, it is revealed that if the spatial variation of the SOS distribution is below a certain level, the average SOS can be estimated under the assumption of a homogeneous medium.
Effect of difference in shear modulus of biological tissue on heat source distribution of high-intensity focused ultrasound estimated by acoustic radiation force imaging
Authors: Yabata Hiroki , Umemura Shin-ichiro , Yoshizawa Shin
Published: April 2021

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a novel noninvasive cancer treatment that is expected to be a potential alternative to conventional therapies. In the treatment, the accurate prediction of the ultrasonic heat source prior to therapeutic exposure is important for safety and efficacy. Acoustic radiation force imaging using a short HIFU burst has been proposed as a method for this prediction from the distribution of the tissue displacement. In this study, the effect of the difference in shear modulus on the estimation of the HIFU heat source was experimentally investigated by applying the imaging method to different biological tissues: chicken breast and chicken liver tissues. The result suggested that HIFU radiation force imaging has the potential to determine the HIFU power for appropriate treatment quantitatively from the displacement, even in different tissues with different shear moduli.
GMDH-type neural network-based monthly electricity demand forecasting of Turkey
Authors: AKKAYA Ali Volkan
Published: April 2021

In this study, it was aimed to develop an accurate forecasting model for the monthly electricity demand of Turkey in the medium-term. For this purpose, the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH)-type Neural Network (NN) approach was used to structure a nonlinear time-series based forecasting model. A large dataset containing monthly electricity demand was considered for the period of 2003-2018. The developed model was tested in the period of 2019/01-2019/11 in order to determine the generalization ability of the model. The test results showed that the developed model was very close to actual values. The obtained test performances were 2.10 % for mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), 2.36 % for root mean square percentage error (RMSPE) and 0.869 for coefficient of determination (R2). In addition, results of the proposed GMDH-type NN model were compared with the forecasting results of a literature study. The comparison revealed that GMDH-type NN was a better approach for forecasting the monthly electricity demand of Turkey. Finally, the developed model was utilized to forecast monthly electricity demand in the period of 2019/12-2020/12.
Remediation of scrap iron contaminated by odorants
Authors: Buryan Petr , Skoblia Siarhei
Published: April 2021

In general it can be stated that the newly developed remediation process eliminates naturally applied natural gas odorant - tetrahydrothiophene with an aqueous solution of perborate with the addition of acetic acid at normal temperature by immersion of contaminated metal and plastic material.
During a detail laboratory study, it was demonstrated by gas chromatography using a specific sulfur chemiluminescent detector that 1 kg of tetrahydrothiophene could be used to decontaminate 1 kg of tetrahydrothiophene 3.5 kg of sodium perborate in the presence of CH3COOH.
The total oxidative decomposition time of the odorant occurred in about 20 hours. At elevated temperatures - 40° C - the process proceeds at a slightly higher rate. A higher ratio of perborate to tetrahydrothiophene also has a positive effect on the faster course and degree of decomposition.
Characterization of possible alternative materials for the production of marine fuels
Authors: Schlehöfer Dominik , Vráblík Aleš , Černý Radek
Published: April 2021

Maritime transport is a significant contributor to the environmental pollution. For this reason, the maximum sulfur content in liquid marine fuels has been drastically reduced since January 1st 2020 for deep sea areas. This reduction can be solved by diluting the conventional high sulfur fuels with suitable low sulfur components. However, mixing two or more components with each other carries a potential risk of incompatibility or instability of the final product, especially in the case of longer storage and subsequent transportation to the end consumers. For the above reasons, this work deals with the mapping of alternative raw materials that could be used to produce very low sulfur fuel oils (VLSFO) with a sulfur level up to 0.5 wt%. A total of 5 raw materials (1 conventional fuel oil – HSFO and 4 alternative raw materials) were characterized. The individual raw materials were compared to each other with regard to the quality properties required for marine fuels according to the ISO 8217. Subsequently, the suitability of these raw materials for further mixing was outlined in order to meet the required quality parameters for marine fuel mixing.
Control in the Space of Life
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Dadunashvili Sergo
Published: April 2021

Life manifests itself as a purposeful positive selection. Living, as a procedural, unmanageable itself to the usual methods of analysis. The answer to the question of how life is arranged and what a living system is based on in reality is an urgent task. The article discusses the general principles of work and the manifestation of dual relations in the space of life, taking into account cosmo-physical and geophysical factors, using the example of the relationship between the virus and the cell.
Evaluation of the Quality of Waters Formed in the River Cheremiskhevi Bed for the Purposes of Drinking and Domestic Water Supply
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Omsarashvili Giorgi
Published: April 2021

Increase in quantity of population, development of industry and agriculture has created a systemic growth of demand on water. Despite the fact that Georgia is rich in natural water resources having high quality drinking properties, in many regions and, especially, in semi-arid and humid zones, the problem of supplying the population with clean drinking water is quite acute. The article is about the issue of utilizing the waters formed in the River Cheremiskhevi bed for prospectively supplying with water the villages (Village Velistsikhe, Village Zegaani, Village Mukuzaani) in Gurjaani municipality situated on the North-East slope of Tsiv-Gombori Ridge. With this purpose, in 2013-2020, the chemical and sanitarymicrobiological characteristics of the filtrate waters in alluvial-proluvial sediments and surface (river) runoff of the River Cheremiskhevi were studied in field and stationary conditions.
Landslide Sustainability Report on R. Gogiashvili Street in Tbilisi Using GEO5 Program
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Poporadze Niko
Published: April 2021

The slope stability calculation is quite time-consuming, which requires first selecting the correct method and then calculating the coefficient of stability using different formulas. It should also be noted that visualization of the analysis results requires a great deal of time, which is quite impractical. To solve this problem, many geotechnical computer programs have been created, which can be used to report slope stability reports in a split of a second. The most common geotechnical software in Georgia is GEO5 slope stability, which allows us to calculate slope stabilities very quickly and effectively with various methods and standards.
To the Issue of Editing the New Technical Terminology
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Sutidze Liana
Published: April 2021

Georgian technical terminology (Georgian-Russian and Russian-Georgian parts of it) became obsolete long ago and cannot correspond to the modern demands. This terminology needs not only to renew but change structurally. The growing progress of modern communication and information technologies demands updating of the scientific terminology in general and of the technical terminology particularly. It is obvious that foreign terms took their place not only in speech but in the scientific literature as well. The examples of terminology using which we meet in our everyday life, especially when reading or listening to the ads,are absolutely unacceptable. For example, the ads propose us to restore so called rulevoi – from the Russian руль (steering wheel); they also suggest the grids against grokhot – that is грохот in Russian (clatter) and so on; as usual, technical terms in ads are always given in Russian, sometimes in some other languages, but almost nobody uses Georgian technical terms. Unfortunately, sometimes already existed terminology also favors using untranslated terms such as: bremsbergi (bremsberg – cross entry); versori (versor- a unit length), lafeti (lafet – gun carriage) and many others. True, it is impossible to translate all of the foreign terms always and only in Georgian. Some of such terms may be included in the new technical terminology unchanged, without translation. It is especially conditioned by the fact that nowadays a huge stream of the foreign terms floods the Georgian language. If we want the term and its function be easy to understand and use, then the new technical terminology should be arranged in the form of the explanatory dictionary without so called headwords; this will enable us to avoid diverse interpretations of the terms in the technical literature and manuals. We suggest here some faults found in the existed terminology which are absolutely necessary to improve during editorial work. Many terms need to refine: not იგრიხებადი (crooking) but გრეხადი (crookable); იწვებადი – წვადი (burning – burnable) and some others. Synonymic terms should be used without non-Georgian corresponding words: for example, we meet in the technical terminological dictionaries such pairs as: შკაფი — კარადა (a wardrobe – in Russian and in Georgian); შოფერი — მძღოლი (a driver); შოფერი — მექანიკოსი (driver-mechanic); სკრაიბერი — საკაწრელი (scriber). Besides that, some terms which denote the notions which we classify as visible and invisible should merge, e.g. ღერძი (axis) - Axis can be a part of a car, an eye, also axis of symmetry, of coordinates and so on; also არხი (channel) – it can be in melioration, in television and so on. Some obsolete terms should be extracted from terminological dictionaries, such as: бензозаправочная колонка (Rus.) - ბენზინის ჩასასხმელი სვეტი // ბენზინის ჩასასხმელი; there must be ბენზინგასამართი (Petrol station).
A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY ON PREVALENCE OF UPPER CROSS SYNDROME AND ITS CORRELATION TO WRMSDs IN WORKING PHYSIOTHERAPISTS
Authors: Mubashir Mariyam
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS) is stress over the neck region due to poor posture and ergonomics, particularly sitting or standing. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of UCS in working physiotherapists of Pakistan and its correlation of UCS with WRMSDs to gauge the burden of the Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).

METHODOLOGY

A cross-sectional study was conducted on working physiotherapists recruited through convenience sampling technique via email or social media platforms. A self-administered questionnaire constitutes of screening questions regarding posture and Modified Oswestry Neck Disability Index was used to collect data.

RESULTS

A total number of 148 physiotherapists participated in the study out of which 45 males and 103 females. The professionals were categorized on basis of their level of experience years 40 % beginners 32 % competent and 28% proficient. The screening revealed that 75(51.7 %) have forwarded head posture while 73 (49.3%) physiotherapists suffered from moderate disability. The chi-square analysis was found to have significant association (p<0.005) on gender, experience level and duration of working posture hour with disability.

CONCLUSION

It was concluded that UCS prevalence was found to be 27% in working physiotherapists whereas female and individuals working for prolonged duration were found to be more prone to develop UCS. Further studies should be conducted taking large sample size and confounding factors for the better understanding of the health-related outcomes.
ANALISIS PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. PLN PERSERO AREA MUARA BUNGO
Authors: Amran Amran , Taher Tarmizi
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan antara disiplin kerja dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. PLN Persero Area Muara Bungo secara parsial dan secara simultan. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 47 orang dan sampel adalah berjumlah 47 orang dengan metode penarikan sampel mengunakan Sampling Jenuh.Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data, diperoleh hasil persamaan regresi linier berganda sebagai berikut : Y  = 93,146 +0,454X1+13,106X2 +e  dari  Uji-t menunjukkan bahwa variabel disiplin kerja dengan kinerja karyawan menunjukkan bahwa thitung 2,734 lebih besar dari ttabel = 2,015 pada tingkat signifikasi 0,05 maka keputusannya adalah H0 ditolak Ha diterima, maka dapat di simpulkan bahwa disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dan variabel budaya organisasi dengan kinerja karyawan menunjukkan bahwa  thitung = 8,602 lebih besar dari ttabel = 2,015 pada tingkat signifikasi 0,05 maka keputusannya adalah H0 ditolak Ha diterima, maka dapat di simpulkan bahwa budaya organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan.Berdasarkan uji secara simulatan secara bersama-sama (serentak) di peroleh nilai Fhitung sebesar 162,608 dan Ftabel sebesar 3,21, hal ini menyatakan variabel disiplin kerja dan budaya organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel kinerja karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil R2 = 0,881 hal ini berarti kontribusi X1, X2 terhadap Y adalah sebesar 88,1% dan sisanya sebesar 11,9% dapat dijelaskan oleh faktor-faktor lain diluar dari penelitian ini.Kata Kunci : Disiplin kerja, Budaya organisasi dan Kinerja Karyawan