bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basamaklı Öğretim Programının Öğrencilerin Yaratıcı Yazma Başarılarına Etkisi
Authors: Güzel Baydoğan Ümmühan , Yavuz Serdar
Published: January 2025

Zihinsel bir gelişim aracı olan yazma çeşitli nedenlerle yeterince tercih edilmemektedir. Basamaklı öğretim programı (BÖP) ile ise öğrencilerin çalışmalardaki motivasyonları desteklenerek kolaydan zora öğrenmeler gerçekleştirmeleri, üreticiliklerinin farkına varmaları, öz güven ve öz denetim bilinci edinmeleri amaçlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle BÖP ve yaratıcı yazma bir araya getirilerek BÖP’e dayalı olarak uygulanan yaratıcı yazma çalışmalarının 6. sınıf öğrencilerin yaratıcı yazma başarılarına etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Araştırmanın evrenini uygun örneklemeyle belirlenen bir devlet okulunun 6. sınıf öğrencileri, örneklemini tipik durum örnekleme ile evrenin içinden belirlenen 23 deney grubu (DG), 20 kontrol grubu (KG) öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın iç tutarlılığı için DG ve KG öğrencilerinin 5. sınıf sene sonu Türkçe dersi puan ortalamaları dikkate alınmıştır. Mann-Whitney U testi sonucunda grupların sene sonu puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Ulaşılan veriler SPSS ile analiz edilmiştir. Gruplar arasındaki anlamlı farklılığın belirlenmesi sürecinde Kovaryans Analizi uygulanmıştır. Anlamlı farklılık olan testlerde etki büyüklüğünün tespiti için Cohen’in formülünden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yaratıcı yazma ürünlerinin değerlendirilmesinde ön test ve son testte DG lehine yüksek; kalıcılık testinde ise orta etki değerine sahip anlamlı farklılıklar elde edilmiştir. DG öğrencilerinin başarı puan ortalamalarının her testte yükseldiği, KG öğrencilerinin başarı puanlarının ise gerilemiş olduğu belirlenmiştir. BÖP uygulanan DG öğrencilerinin cinsiyet değişkenine göre yaratıcı yazmaya yönelik ön test puanlarının erkek öğrencilerin lehine ve yüksek etki değerine sahip olarak anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı görülmüştür.
Histeria dan Gangguan Jin Dalam Islam: Mengurai Fenomena Kesurupan Dari Sudut Pandang Al-Qur’an
Authors: Rifqatul Husna  , Nayyiratudz Tadzkiroh
Published: January 2025

Fenomena kesurupan merupakan peristiwa yang sering terjadi di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Terlebih pada zaman sekarang, banyak orang yang mengkaitkan fenomena kesurupan dengan arwah orang yang sudah mati. Pada artikel ini akan meneliti tentang pandangan ulama tafsir terkait fenomena kesurupan berdasarkan surat Al-Baqarah ayat 275 yang kemudian dikaitkan dengan pandangan masyarakat terkait fenomena kesurupan karena arwah orang mati. Adapun metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan yaitu metode deskriptif analisis dengan menggunakan data-data pustaka sehingga penelitian ini bersifat library research. Metode tafsir yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode tafsir tematik. Adanya penelitian ini dapat membantu masyarakat untuk meyakini suatu hal dengan berdasarkan dalil agama, yaitu Al-Qur’an, hadis, dan kesepakatan ulama. Serta melunturkan keyakinan-keyakinan yang hanya berporoskan pada presepsi saja. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah definisi dari kesurupan yang merupakan sebuah perilaku yang dilakukan oleh seseorang di luar kesadaran atau kendali dirinya. Penyebab kesurupan dapat terjadi karena dua faktor yaitu; (1) penyakit saraf dan (2) gangguan jin. Akan tetapi mayoritas ulama tidak membenarkan pendapat pertama. Para ulama tafsir lebih menetapkan bahwa kesurupan terjadi karena ulah jin yang merasuki diri seseorang. Tidak ada arwah orang mati dapat merasuki tubuh seseorang, karena ruh orang mati telah kembali kepada alamnya yaitu alam barzakh.
Analisis Konten Dakwah “Ruang Ibadah Ruang Kehidupan” Pada Akun Instagram @sambungsinema
Authors: Al Hidayahtul Mus Qoimah  , Dimas Setyawan Saputro  , Ali Nurdin
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih, sehingga semakin memudahkan penyampaian pesan dakwah melalui teknologi tersebut. Saat ini, dakwah tidak hanya dilakukan di atas mimbar tetepi sudah merambah ke sosial media dan perfilman. Hal inilah yang mendorong penulis untuk melalukan penelitian terhadap Film pendek Ruang Ibadah Ruang Kehidupan yang diproduksi oleh Sambung Sinema. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana makna denotasi, konotasi dan mitos yang terdapat di dalam film pendek Ruang Ibadah Ruang Kehidupan dan mengetahui apa saja pesan dakwah yang terkandung di dalam film pendek Ruang Ibadah Ruang Kehidupan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data observasi dan dokumentasi, dengan menerapkan sebuah teknik alanisis data, yaitu analisis semiotika dengan menggunakan model Roland Barthes. Dengan menggunakan analisis semiotika Roland Barthes inilah penulis dapat mengetahui makna denotasi, konotasi dan mitos, serta pesan-pesan dakwah yang terkandung di dalam film pendek Ruang Ibadah Ruang Kehidupan. Hasilnya penulis menemukan bahwasannya objek penelitian analisis semiotika adalah gambar/visual, tipe pengambilan gambar/ jenis shot dan suara/audio. Penulis juga menemukan makna denotasi, konotasi dan mitos yang terdapat di film pendek tersebut, yakni menegur, berterima kasih, menyegerakan sesuatu yang baik, jangan membalas perbuatan jahat dengan perbuatan jahat pula, dan meminta maaf dan memafkan
Model Pendidikan Pra-Nikah di Negara Muslim: Mengatasi Krisis Pernikahan Melalui Kursus Calon Pengantin
Authors: Sufi'y Mhd , Basuki Aziz , Mahmudah Siti
Published: January 2025

Peningkatan angka perceraian dan permasalahan keluarga di berbagai negara Muslim telah mendorong perhatian pada pentingnya pendidikan pra-nikah sebagai upaya preventif. Artikel ini membahas model pendidikan pra-nikah yang diterapkan di negara-negara Muslim, dengan fokus pada kursus calon pengantin sebagai instrumen strategis untuk mengatasi krisis pernikahan. Kursus ini bertujuan membekali pasangan dengan pengetahuan tentang hukum keluarga Islam, komunikasi efektif, manajemen konflik, dan kesehatan reproduksi. Studi ini mengidentifikasi berbagai pendekatan yang digunakan di negara-negara Muslim, seperti Malaysia, Indonesia, dan Uni Emirat Arab, dan Mesir serta mengevaluasi efektivitasnya dalam membangun ketahanan keluarga. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kursus calon pengantin yang komprehensif dan berbasis nilai-nilai Islam mampu meningkatkan kesiapan pasangan dalam menghadapi dinamika kehidupan pernikahan, menurunkan tingkat perceraian, dan mempromosikan stabilitas keluarga. Rekomendasi disampaikan untuk mengintegrasikan pendidikan pra-nikah ke dalam kebijakan nasional dan memperkuat sinergi antara pemerintah, institusi agama, dan masyarakat dalam mengoptimalkan hasilnya.
REFUGEE DIARIES: A DISCOURSE ON FORCED DISPLACEMENT
Authors: BELIMOVA Tetiana
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes three refugee diaries published in 2022-2023. These are “That Crazy Year” by Yevhenia Kononenko, “The Night Was” by Svitlana Tkachenko, and “Refugee” by Julia Mattu. All three works present the discourse of forced displacement. These texts analyze the traumatic experiences collected and meticulously recorded (dates and events that are also evidence of the crimes of the Nazi regime). The symptoms of the trauma of forced displacement, which are partly physical in nature, are also tracked. This trauma manifests itself symptomatically in all the works studied through memory and language. Among its most tragic physical consequences observed during the analysis are incurable illness (writer Yevhenia Kononenko’s daughter Anya failed to overcome the fatal disease); sudden death (the tragic passing of the mother of one of the characters in Svitlana Tkachenko’s book); as well as exacerbation of chronic diseases and the acquisition of new ones; and other physical and mental disorders described in all the works. The traumatic consequences of forced displacement are more distant mentally, but no less obvious: the inability to survive separation from one's home, from close people and relatives; the inability to find one's own place in a foreign society abroad. A certain exception is The Refugee by Julia Mattu, which at a certain stage turns into a success story: the author shares her achievements in Italy, describes her own self-realization, which, unfortunately, were unattainable for her before the war in her homeland.
A cancer diagnosis transformer model based on medical IoT data for clinical measurements in predictive care systems
Authors: Li Panpan , Lv Yan , Shang Haiyan
Published: January 2025

Introduction: In recent years, advancements in information and communication technology (ICT) and the internet of things (IoT) have revolutionized the healthcare industry, enabling the collection, analysis, and utilization of medical data to improved patient care. One critical area of focus is the development of predictive care systems for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer and disease. Methods: Leveraging medical IoT data, this study proposes a novel approach based on transformer model for disease diagnosis. In this paper, features are first extracted from IoT images using a transformer network. The network utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) in the encoder part to extract suitable features and employs decoder layers along with attention mechanisms in the decoder part. In the next step, considering that the extracted features have high dimensions and many of these features are irrelevant and redundant, relevant features are selected using the Harris hawk optimization algorithm. Results: Various classifiers are used to label the input data. The proposed method is evaluated using a dataset consisting of 5 classes for testing and evaluation, and all results are provided into tables and plots. Conclusion: The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method acceptable performance compared to other methods.
The role of tumor microenvironment and self-organization in cancer progression: Key insights for therapeutic development
Authors: Asadi Milad , Zafari Venus , Sadeghi-Mohammadi Sanam , Shanehbandi Dariush , Mert Ufuk , Soleimani Zahra , Caner Ayşe , Zarredar Habib
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, influencing tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and response to therapies. This study explores the dynamic interactions within the TME, particularly focusing on self-organization—a process by which tumor cells and their microenvironment reciprocally shape one another, leading to cancer progression and resistance. Understanding these interactions can reveal new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets within the TME, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) components, immune cells, and cytokine signaling pathways. Methods: A comprehensive search method was employed to investigate the current academic literature on TME, particularly focusing on self-organization in the context of cancer progression and resistance across the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. Results: Recent studies suggest that therapies that disrupt TME self-organization could improve patient outcomes by defeating drug resistance and increasing the effectiveness of conventional therapy. Additionally, this research highlights the essential of understanding the biophysical properties of the TME, like cytoskeletal alterations, in the development of more effective malignancy therapy. Conclusion: This review indicated that targeting the ECM and immune cells within the TME can improve therapy effectiveness. Also, by focusing on TME self-organization, we can recognize new therapeutic plans to defeat drug resistance.
Etiology of Tendency Toward Using Cannabis: A Qualitative Study of the Lived Experiences of Teenager’s Consumers
Authors: Rostami Soodabeh , Kalantar Hormozi Atousa , Asgari Mohammad , Kordmirza Nikoozadeh Ezzatollah
Published: January 2025

Background. In recent years, the use of cannabis among teenagers has been on the rise, being considered one of the health-social challenges of the country. The present study aimed at providing a better understanding of the causes of teenagers’ tendency to use cannabis by looking at the life experiences of those who consume it. Methods. This qualitative study utilized a descriptive phenomenological method, conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 11 teenagers aged 17-20 years old who used cannabis at least once a week in Mashhad city (Iran) in 2022. Participants were selected by convenience and purposive sampling methods. Data collection continued until reaching the theoretical saturation stage, and the collected data were analyzed by the coding method. Results. The analysis of the participants’ experiences led to the identification of 136 primary codes, 30 sub-categories, 11 main categories, and 2 core categories. The core categories included intrapersonal components and interpersonal-extrapersonal components in relation to teenagers’ tendency to use cannabis. Main categories included cognitive distortion regarding the effects of cannabis, low mood frustration, lack of a specific work plan, having an unstable personality, unawareness of the harmful nature of cannabis, usage to cope with emotional problems, usage to cope with parental conflicts, peer influence on usage, justification of usage by modeling after prominent figures, and accessibility (easy access) leading to increased usage. Conclusion. Exploring the experiences and views of adolescents who consume cannabis in intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal domains provided more knowledge about different indicators of cannabis consumption among teenagers. Considering the obtained components can serve as a helpful first step in developing efficient intervention measures according to the identified needs.
Assessment of Adherence to COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines in Outpatient Settings: Perspectives of Medical Interns at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Baradaran Binazir Maryam , Heidari Fariba , Saeedifar Sasan
Published: January 2025

Background. The Ministry of Health had developed guidelines for the management of COVID-19 patients in outpatient settings. Despite the development of a national guideline and its importance, no study had been conducted on compliance with the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which these guidelines were followed in outpatient services, specifically from the perspective of interns at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Methods. This study was cross-sectional, involving all 100 interns who were completing their clinical rotations in COVID-19-related departments during February and March 2022. The data collection tool was a checklist, which was developed using the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 published by the National Scientific Committee for COVID-19 Management in January 2022. The checklist comprised 29 items and was validated for both validity and reliability by relevant specialists. Results. This study included 100 medical interns from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Fifty interns completed their rotations in the emergency department, and the remaining 50 in outpatient clinics. The mean compliance scores with COVID-19 guidelines, as reported by emergency department and outpatient clinic interns, were 26.54 ± 3.34 and 26.73 ± 2.16, respectively (P = 0.124). The lowest compliance rate (37%) was observed for item 22 ("Azithromycin and other antibiotics should not be used without strong suspicion of concomitant bacterial infection"). However, the majority of checklist items (89.65%) demonstrated excellent compliance. Conclusion. Overall, interns reported good adherence to COVID-19 guidelines in both the outpatient clinic and emergency department settings. However, instances of inappropriate antibiotic and vitamin supplement prescription were observed. To mitigate unnecessary treatments, further efforts to improve staff awareness and adherence are needed.
Association between small dense low-density lipoprotein and carotid intima-media thickness
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen , Sheikhnia Farhad , Pashaei Mohammad Reza , Karimi-Dehkordi Maryam , Alizadeh-Fanalou Shahin
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis are major causes of mortality worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis of vascular thickening by predictive markers can help reduce the death rate of these diseases. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, which are rich in cholesterol, are regarded as key biomarkers for CVD and atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that pattern B (small dense LDL, sdLDL) is more atherogenic than LDL and can serve as a superior quantitative marker for CVD than LDL. Furthermore, several studies have indicated that carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a reliable marker for the early detection of CVD and atherosclerosis in various populations. This review examines the relationship between sdLDL concentration and cIMT. It is concluded that sdLDL concentration has a positive correlation with cIMT, and their combined use can facilitate a more precise assessment of the diseases, especially atherosclerosis.
Correlation of inflammatory markers and NFATC4 gene expression among subjects with prediabetes
Authors: Rajan Aswathi , L Karpagavel , S Vidya , K S Sheena , M D Harilal , S Deepthi , K Manjusha , Raveendran Rachana , P V Ambili , T M Midhun , T Swathi , D Dinesh Roy
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Prediabetes, characterized by mildly elevated blood sugar levels, significantly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The condition is linked to higher levels of IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-6, indicating inflammation that may drive type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Despite the known role of inflammation in glucose homeostasis, the involvement of the Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 4 (NFATC4) gene in prediabetes remains underexplored. This case-control study aims to investigate the association between physiological, demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle factors, inflammatory markers and NFATC4 gene expression, in the context of prediabetes. Methods: The study involved 300 participants aged 20 to 50, with 150 diagnosed with prediabetes and 150 healthy controls. After obtaining informed consent fasting venous blood samples were collected for comprehensive assessments, including biochemical, endocrinological and immunological analyses. Specifically, NFATC4 gene expression and inflammatory markers were measured. Results: The findings revealed significantly elevated levels of IL-18, TNF-α, IL-6, and NFATC4 expression in prediabetic individuals compared to controls. Notably, strong positive correlations were observed between NFATC4 expression and the inflammatory markers. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified IL-18 and NFATC4 as the most promising biomarkers for predicting prediabetes, followed by TNF-α and IL-6. Multivariate regression analysis further identified socioeconomic status (SES), IL-18, NFATC4, TSH, triglycerides, and HDL as independent predictors of prediabetes. Conclusion: These results highlight the key role of inflammation and NFATC4 in prediabetes, stressing the need for strategies to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular issues.
Acute kidney injury and COVID-19; incidence, risk factors, and mortality
Authors: Tavakoly Shiraji Sholeh , Fooladgar Milad , Shahilooy Aidin , Yassari Fatemeh , Bagheri Nazila , Abbasy Maryam , Tavakoli Shiraji Sahar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, particularly in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Understanding the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with AKI in COVID-19 patients is crucial for optimizing clinical management and improving patient outcomes. Objectives: The main goal of our study was to investigate the impact of AKI on the mortality rates of COVID-19 patients. We achieved this by determining the incidence of AKI and mortality in COVID-19 patients, and by comparing mortality rates between patients with and without acute renal failure. Our aim is to highlight the importance of kidney function in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which could lead to timely diagnosis and improved management of those who develop AKI. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study to investigate the incidence of AKI and its association with mortality in COVID-19 patients. A total of 125 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in the study, with 93 patients who had recovered and were discharged am 32 patients who were deceased. Data was collected from 2 referral medical centers during one year. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected and analyzed to assess the incidence of AKI and its impact on patient outcomes. Results: The study found that 48.8% of COVID-19 patients developed AKI during or shortly before their hospitalization, with 57.4% requiring ICU admission. Older age was identified as a significant risk factor for AKI development, with patients in the AKI group having a significantly higher mean age compared to those without AKI (55.54 vs 65.33, P<0.001). Additionally, male gender, obesity, tobacco/opium addiction, prior tuberculosis infection, ischemic heart disease or chronic kidney disease as an underlying disease and history of kidney transplantation were shown as significant risk factors for AKI development in COVID-19 patients. After adjusting for and removing all confounding variables, two variables emerged as predictors of mortality; high creatinine levels (P=0.005) and hospitalization in the ICU (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study highlights the high incidence of AKI among COVID-19 patients, particularly in older individuals and those requiring ICU care. Importantly, AKI was associated with increased mortality, underscoring the need for early detection and management of renal complications in COVID-19 patients to improve clinical outcomes.
The frequency of minor physical abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders compared to other psychiatric disorders; a multi-center study
Authors: Semnani Yousef , Badiezadegan Maryam , Vaziri Harami Roya
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Minor physical anomalies are slight anatomical variations or deviations from typical physical characteristics that do not have a major cosmetic or functional impact on the individual. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the frequency of minor physical abnormalities (MPAs) in patients with OCD compared to individuals with other psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, and healthy controls. Patients and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted from May 2007 to June 2008 and included 64 patients with OCD, 66 patients with schizophrenia, and 64 healthy controls. Demographic data was collected using a checklist. Psychiatrists diagnosed OCD and schizophrenia patients, while healthy individuals were screened using the general health questionnaire-28. The Waldrop questionnaire was conducted to assess MPAs in all participants. Results: The results demonstrated that schizophrenia patients exhibited the highest prevalence of minor physical anomalies compared to OCD patients and healthy controls. The difference in MPAs frequency distribution was statistically significant between schizophrenia patients with both OCD patients and healthy individuals. However, the difference in MPAs frequency between OCD patients and healthy controls was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The significantly higher prevalence of MPAs in schizophrenia patients compared to OCD patients and healthy individuals indicates that the presence of these disorders could serve as a useful biomarker for schizophrenia.
Limb amputation following sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor therapy
Authors: Alipour Meysam , Rezaei Jalal , Shahabi Rabori Venus , Arbuzia Meysam , Norouzbeygi Amin , Rasta Sara , Mardanparvar Hossein , Forghan Mobin
Published: January 2025

This review article examines the association between sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and the risk of limb amputation, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the risks associated with SGLT2i therapy and to inform future research directions in this area. While SGLT2i medications, such as canagliflozin, are recognized for their cardiovascular and renal benefits, emerging evidence suggests a potential increase in the risk of lower limb amputations (LLAs) among users compared to non-users of SGLT2i. This review synthesizes findings from various studies that report a slightly elevated risk of amputation linked to SGLT2i therapy, with mechanisms proposed including diuretic-induced hypovolemia and the partial inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1. Factors such as pre-existing peripheral artery disease (PAD), sensory neuropathy, and poor foot health are identified as significant risk enhancers for lower limb amputations in this patient population. In conclusion, patients with these conditions are at increased risk of limb ischemia and subsequent amputation, and the administration of SGLT2 inhibitors may potentially further increase this risk.
Predictive factors of fear of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients; an analytical study on the role of hypoglycemic episodes and their interpretation
Authors: Salimi Hamid Reza , Zarei Fatemeh , Hosseinali Movahedeh , Rashvand Farnoosh
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) is a prevalent psychosocial issue among individuals with type 2 diabetes, often leading to maladaptive behaviors such as elevated blood glucose levels, reduced physical activity, and inappropriate insulin management. Objectives: The current study seeks to identify predictors of this fear and examine its interpretative role in managing diabetes, emphasizing the necessity for targeted interventions that address both the psychological and physiological aspects of diabetes care. Patients and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study involved 260 patients with type 2 diabetes receiving treatment at Velayat clinic and Bu Ali hospital in Qazvin city. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire and the hypoglycemia fear survey II (HFS-II). The demographic questionnaire gathered information on participants’ age, gender, marital status, educational background, occupation, duration of diabetes, treatment modality, co-existing medical conditions, and religious affiliation. To assess the FoH, the HFS-II was employed, focusing on a worry dimension. To explore the factors affecting the FoH univariate and multivariate linear regression was used. Results: The analysis of predictors of FoH in patients with type 2 diabetes revealed several significant associations, including a positive correlation between the number of hypoglycemic episodes in the past six months and fear levels. Educational attainment influenced fear, with those having academic education reporting lower fear compared to those with guidance education. Economic status revealed that patients in poorer conditions experienced higher fear levels than those with moderate status. Insulin treatment was associated with greater fear compared to oral tablet treatment, while the presence of long-term diabetes complications and a history of hypoglycemia were linked to increased fear. Conclusion: In conclusion, the analysis of predictors of FoH in patients with type 2 diabetes highlights the need for a comprehensive, patient-centered approach that considers demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors. Healthcare providers should tailor interventions to individual patient characteristics, provide targeted education and support, and address both physiological and psychological aspects of diabetes management to effectively mitigate the FoH and improve the overall quality of life for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Role of lipoprotein (a) in kidney diseases; a review of recent data
Authors: Ghaseminejad Kermani Sara , Rezaei Jalal , Rasta Sara , Arbuzia Meysam , Bahmani Tayabeh , Mardanparvar Hossein
Published: January 2025

Lipoprotein (a) is a type of lipoprotein that consists of a cholesterol-rich low-density lipoprotein particle bound to a unique protein called apolipoprotein (a). A strengthened risk of vascular diseases, such as stroke and coronary artery disease is accompanied by elevated levels of this protein. However, recent research has also highlighted the potential role of lipoprotein (a) in kidney-related conditions. Lp (a) appears to play a significant role in kidney diseases. An increased risk of kidney disease development and progression, diabetic nephropathy and renal artery stenosis, and renal transplant dysfunction accompanies high plasma values of Lp (a).
A Review of Quinazoline-Based EGFR/VEGFR-2 Dual Inhibitors as Potent Anticancer Agents: Structure-Activity Relationship and Docking Studies
Authors: Yousefbeyk Fatemeh , Ghasemi Saeed
Published: January 2025

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that initiates various signaling pathways resulting in processes such as gene expression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and inhibition of apoptosis. Dysregulation of EGFR signaling causes tumor development and metastasis. Therefore, targeting EGFR can be introduced as a promising way for cancer treatment. Angiogenesis, the formation and growth of new capillaries from pre-existing vasculature, is a key process in many physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic development, tissue growth, wound healing, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, axon growth, and inflammatory diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), as receptor tyrosine kinases, especially VEGFR-2, have been introduced as the main mediators of angiogenesis. Therefore, VEGFR-2 inhibitors could be attractive agents for blocking angiogenesis and tumor growth. Due to the common downstream signaling pathways of EGFR and VEGFR-2, simultaneous inhibition of both receptor tyrosine kinases can be used as a valuable method in cancer therapy. Targeting the ATP-binding site of the tyrosine kinase domain using small molecules, either reversibly or irreversibly, is one way to inhibit EGFR and VEGFR-2. Different drugs with various scaffolds such as quinazoline (Vandetanib) and pyrimidine (Regorafenib) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of various malignancies. Among them, the quinazoline skeleton is an attractive core with a wide range of activities. Vandetanib, a quinazoline-based EGFR/VEGFR-2 dual inhibitor, is an orally administered drug for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. Due to the limited number of multitarget kinases, as well as limitations in their clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and drug resistance, there is a vital need to introduce novel inhibitors with superior selectivity and efficacy compared to existing ones to overcome these challenges. Therefore, we reviewed the structure-activity relationship (SAR), EGFR/VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities, anticancer effects, and docking studies of synthesized quinazoline-based EGFR/VEGFR-2 dual inhibitors.
Vesicular Carriers for Follicular Drug Delivery
Authors: Amirinejad Mostafa , Haghighizadeh Atoosa , Etemad Leila , Rajabi Omid
Published: January 2025

The follicular route has been explored for both topical and systemic drug delivery but its application is challenged by different limitations such as sebum flow and size-selectivity. Vesicular carriers like liposomes, niosomes, invasomes, and transferosomes, which have shown promise in overcoming these barriers, have been explored in this review study. These vesicles improve follicular penetration of drugs, with deformable carriers performing better than conventional liposomes. Also, modifying liposomes using permeation enhancers has been introduced as another choice to enhance their follicular penetration. Vesicular systems have been primarily used to deliver drugs for treating alopecia, acne, and topical infections. They have also demonstrated potential in systemic delivery of antihypertensive drugs and insulin. Local hair massage and iontophoresis techniques further improve vesicle follicular penetration.
Impact of Land Use and Land Use Change on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Palembang City
Authors: Alia Febrinasti , Hadinata Febrian , Trimahmudi Arief , Apriani Nyimas Ida
Published: January 2025

Climate change is mainly anthropogenic mostly caused by urbanization, human activities in economics, industry, and transportation. The expansion of built-up land, deforestation and the loss of farmland are closely linked to land use and land use change. Greenhouse gas emissions produced by the land use sector can significantly affect global carbon budgets by changing the carbon storage level in terrestrial ecosystem vegetation and soil. In 2005, Indonesia was responsible for approximately 85% of carbon emissions. The Indonesian government is combating environmental issues by mandating local governments, including Palembang City, to conduct greenhouse gas inventories. Changes in land use and the amount of carbon stock in Palembang City can be taken into consideration by the Palembang City Government in dealing with climate change. Data analysis was carried out by interpreting satellite imagery SPOT-7 and classification of land use data into six classes based on AFOLU guidelines. The area derived from land use transition matrix of the period 2012-2018 is used as a basis to calculate greenhouse gas emissions. The greenhouse gas emissions were then calculated using the Gain-Loss method based on the IPCC journal as a reference. Due to land use and land use change from 2012 to 2018, Palembang City emits greenhouse gas as much as -149098.5827 Tonnes C/Year in total. Forest Land Category -26557.22425 Tonnes C/Year, Crop Land Category -112739.8894 Tonnes C/Year, Grass Land Category -32257.56413 Tonnes C/Year, Wetland Category -20721.68315 Tonnes C/Year, Settlement Category 43273.249 Tonnes C/Year and Other Land Category -95.4708 Tonnes C/Year. Inventories on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and absorption trends are crucial for climate change mitigation strategies in Palembang. One important strategy towards achieving net zero emissions by 2060, as initiated by the Government of Indonesia, is to curb carbon release associated with land use changes.
HEALTH, AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HEAVY METALS AND FAECAL POLLUTION: CASE STUDY OF OMOR AND ENVIRONS, ANAMBRA STATE
Authors: Akuabianuju Amaefule Winner , Chukwuemeka Ijeh Emmanuel , Sandra Dike Chioma , MaryRose Okoye Chika , Obumneme Amaefule Excel , Okonkwo Agbai Sunny
Published: January 2025

Water analysis sampling was carried out in Omor and its environs in Ayamelum Local Government Area of Anambra State. The communities mapped include Omor and Anaku. The area is situated between latitudes N6 28’ and N6 32’ and longitudes E6 55’ and E6 59’. A total land coverage area of 56.25km was covered. The research aimed to study the agricultural, health and environmental impacts of heavy metals and faecal pollution in Omor and its environs. The objectives of the study include identifying the major water sources and environmental factors in the area, assessing the water quality and impact of anthropogenic activities on agriculture and health in the area. The methods employed include desk study, field mapping and laboratory analysis. The water analysis results showed that the water samples had high heavy metal content (such as lead, iron, cadmium and arsenic) which exceeded the permissible limits set by WHO and NSDWQ standards. The cations and anions were within the permissible limits. All the surface water samples indicated a high turbidity level, indicating unclear water. The pH values for surface water were within the permissible limits, but the groundwater sample has a pH value of 5.4, showing slight acidity. The Total Coliform Count in the water samples (10-32 cfu/mL) were higher than the permissible limits, indicating faecal pollution. Proper treatment of the water is essential before drinking and use in irrigation practices. The environmental impacts of Erosion and Anthropogenic activities such as pollution and artisanal mining are among the environmental hazard, which can be controlled through public enlightenment.
SEDIMENTOLOGICAL AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF THE DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF SEDIMENTS AND THE ENGINEERING SUITABILITY OF ROCKS IN OMOR AND ENVIRONS, ANAMBRA STATE
Authors: Amaefule Winner Akuabianuju , Chukwuemeka Ijeh Emmanuel , Ogechukwu Oshim Francisca , Madu Francis Michael
Published: January 2025

The study of the sedimentology and engineering properties of rocks in Omor and its environ in Ayamelum Local Government Area of Anambra State was carried out. The study aimed at determining the textural characteristic, depositional environment of the sediments and evaluating the engineering suitability of the rocks found in the study area. The methods of study included detailed field mapping and laboratory analysis. A total of nine (9) rock samples were collected for analysis, and were analysed using the particle distribution test, pebble morphometry test and Atterberg limits test. The field mapping showed the presence of two lithological unit -sandstone and shale-. Results obtained from textural analysis for the sedimentological interpretation showed that the sand samples are medium grained and are moderately sorted ɸ (0.38 to 1.0) while the skewness and kurtosis ranges from very negatively skewed to nearly symmetrical, and leptokurtic to very platykurtic. The result of linear discriminant function showed littoral processes and a shallow agitated marine environment of deposition. The geotechnical analysis showed that coefficient of uniformity and coefficient of curvature values showed a well graded sand which is good for engineering purposes. The result of plasticity test on shale indicated medium plasticity (liquid limit = 67%, plastic limit = 44% and 46%), hence, considered useful for filling in engineering works. Results of pebble morphometry analysis showed a transitional environment of deposition. It was concluded that continuous monitoring is needed to prevent environmental hazards.
DEVELOPMENT OF POST-FLOWERING DROUGHT TOLERANT SORGHUM HYBRIDS FOR THE SAHELIAN ZONE
Authors: DIALLO Bocar , G DIALLO Abdoulaye , KANE Yacouba , DEMBELE Fily , DIALLO Adama , TRAORE Issa
Published: January 2025

Sorghum is the fourth most produced cereal in Mali following maize, rice and millet. It is grown either in rainfed conditions or in flood recession conditions in lakes, ponds or along the Niger and Senegal rivers. However, its yield (829 kg/ha) remains low due to various abiotic and biotic constraints, including the effects of post flowering drought. One of the limiting factors of its production in the Sahelian zone remains the very frequent post-flowering drought. Data collected from Mali's meteorological stations from Niono to Sikasso indicates a prevalence of drought in every other year between 1950 and 2015. The development of post-flowering drought-tolerant sorghum hybrids is one of the best approaches to increase the level of sorghum productivity and production in the Sahelian zone, which is often affected by the effect of drought. Thus, A/B lines (sterility maintainer) and R lines (fertility restorer) with the "stay green" trait have been developed in Mali . The objective is to ensure food security and income of farmers in the Sahelian zone of Mali through the development and dissemination of sorghum hybrids tolerant to post -flowering drought . Thirty-eight (38) hybrids from combinations between the different groups of parents were compared to 2 controls in a 2-replication Alpha lattice design. The study was conducted at the Kolombada Agricultural Research Substation and the Cinzana Agricultural Research Station). The characteristics analyzed were plant height, number of green leaves at physiological maturity and grain yield. The evaluation showed through statistical analysis, significant différences between hybrids for plant height, number of green leaves and grain yield. The average plant height varied from 250 to 130 cm in Kolombada against 317 to 117 cm in Cinzana . The number of green leaves at physiological maturity varied from 4 to 7 in Kolombada and from 3 to 6 in Cinzana . In Kolombada, grain yield varied from 915 kg/ha to 4841 kg/ha against 363 kg/ha to 3503 kg/ha in Cinzana. The gain in grain yield of the hybrids compared to the best hybrid control Fadda varied from 25 to 106%, thus confirming the performance of the new hybrids compared to the hybrids in diffusion. The results of the drought indices (GMP and YSI) made it possible to distinguish twenty-one new hybrids tolerant to post-flowering drought. The identified hybrids will thus be evaluated in areas with low rainfall.
Understanding Lithuania's total defence approach in the face of Russian threat through principal–agent theory
Authors: Rogulis Dovydas
Published: January 2025

Identification of the principal and agent in the case study of Lithuania’s total defence approach by analysing official documents. Identification of what constitutes a total defence approach in Lithuania by scrutinising both official documents and semi-structured interviews. Determining the implementation of the total defence approach by considering official documents and semi-structured interviews. To understand the deeper context, qualitative research methods are employed. The analysis includes primary documents and semi-structured interviews, which provide the opportunity to identify casual links that may not be evident from document analysis alone. In the case study strategy, specifically focusing on the implementation of Lithuania’s total defence approach, a deeper understanding is essential, and this naturally requires the in-depth insights that the interview method can offer. Empirical data from Lithuania highlights that the misalignment is not only due to information asymmetry, shifting priorities, or weak oversight but also to differing perceptions of what total defence entails. The Lithuanian Parliament, as the principal, envisioned total defence as a broad, inclusive strategy involving all sectors of society and business. In contrast, the government and military, as agents, prioritised military professionalisation and NATO integration, treating civilian involvement as secondary. This difference in perspective led to the deprioritisation of elements, such as citizen mobilisation and resilience-building. The data also shows that inconsistent definitions of total defence among institutions hindered effective policy implementation. Thus, principal–agent theory needs to account for these perceptual differences, suggesting that misalignment can arise from interpretive differences, rather than deliberate manipulation.
Faktor Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak : Studi Kuantitatif
Authors: Enny Fitriahadi  , Lailatuz Zaidah  , Arif Kurniawan
Published: January 2025

The growth and development of children in Indonesia still needs serious attention, the rate of growth and development delays is still quite high, around 5-10% experiencing general developmental delays. Two out of 1000 babies have motor development disorders and 3 to 6 out of 1000 babies also have hearing loss and one in 100 children have less intelligence than speech delays. It is estimated that the number of children will continue to increase, therefore health services must be improved. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between LBW history and parental education with the growth and development of children during the pandemic at the Surakarta PNTC growth and development clinic. The research method uses quantitative descriptive with  an explanatory approach, the respondents of this research are 30 respondents. The results of the study based on bivariate analysis found that the history of LBW had a p-value of 0.00 <0.05 and parental education with a p-value of 0.01 <0.05, which means that there is a relationship between the history of LBW and parental education with growth and development. children during a pandemic. It is hoped that the contribution of the research to the role of parents is very important in providing stimulation to children every day, because parents become good teachers at home.
 
Abstrak
Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak di Indonesia masih perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius, angka keterlambatan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan masih cukup tinggi sekitar 5-10% mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan umum. Dua dari 1000 bayi mengalami gangguan perkembangan motorik dan 3 sampai 6 dari 1000 bayi juga mengalami gangguan pendengaran serta satu dari 100 anak mempunya kecerdasan kurang keterlambatan berbicara dengan populasi anak di Indonesia menunjukan sekitar 33% dari total populasi yaitu sekitar 83 juta dan setiap tahunnya jumlah populasi anak diperkirakan akan terus meningkat, maka dari itulah pelayanan kesehatan harus ditingkatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan BBL dan pendidikan orang tua dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak selama masa pandemi di klinik tumbuh kembang PNTC Surakarta. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional, responden dari pelitian ini ada 30 responden. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan analisis bivariat didapatkan bahwa berat badan lahir mempunyai p-value 0,00<0,05 dan pendidikan orang tua dengan p-value 0,01<0,05 yang artinya ada hubungan antara berat badan lahir dan pendidikan orang tua dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak di masa pandemi. Kontribusi dalam penelitian diharapkan peran orang tua sangat penting dalam memberikan stimulasi kepada anak setiap harinya, karena orang tua menjadi guru yang baik saat di rumah.
Specific Impact of Pollution and Health Scenario around Iron Ore Mining area with Detailed Environmental Management Plan at Hospet Ballery Karnataka
Authors: K. V. Tanuja K. V. Tanuja , A. Narsing Rao A. Narsing Rao
Published: January 2025

Mining plays a major role in changing the surrounding environment. The mine degrades the
natural resources around the mining zone which may adversely affect the local economy. The study deals with the
effects of noise, air pollution and its control measures along with the health aspects in and around mining area.
Collection of the air and noise data in three different regions A detailed environmental management plan to
protect the natural ecosystem. The study deals with the complete comparison of the Mining, Steel and village area
environmental conditions. The mitigation measures and the management plan is also predicted in this study. The
special emphasis of the health conditions of workers, chemical exposure in the mining area and protection
measures along with the health and environmental mitigation measures are figured out in this paper.