bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are all benefits equal? An exploratory analysis of coastal perspectives of seafood farming expansion in the United States
Authors: Shaughnessy Brianna K. , Almada Amalia , Thompson Kimberly , Marvier Michelle , Kareiva Peter
Published: March 2023

Seafood farming is heralded for its economic opportunities and its potential to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions associated with food production. Yet the persistent lack of awareness among the US public about these potential benefits of seafood farming is often cited as a barrier to social acceptance and industry growth. We employed two exploratory online surveys of residents of western and northeastern US coastal states and a unique message‐testing approach to explore: (1) how existing opinions about seafood farming vary across sociodemographic attributes, geography, and prior familiarity with aquaculture; (2) the malleability of opinions about seafood farming; and (3) what benefits of marine aquaculture broadly and of seaweed farming specifically were viewed as the strongest reasons to support industry expansion, and what messengers are most trusted to share that information. We found that baseline attitudes about seafood farming strongly correlate with prior familiarity and that opinions about both marine aquaculture and seaweed farming were highly malleable, at least in the short term. If confirmed by further studies, our results suggest that messages emphasizing benefits in terms of environmental sustainability, as opposed to economic benefits or social benefits, may be an important tool to better engage residents of western and northeastern US coastal states with seafood farming expansion.
Sweepstakes reproduction facilitates rapid adaptation in highly fecund populations
Authors: Eldon Bjarki , Stephan Wolfgang
Published: March 2023

Adaptation enables natural populations to survive in a changing environment. Understanding the mechanics of adaptation is therefore crucial for learning about the evolution and ecology of natural populations. We focus on the impact of random sweepstakes on selection in highly fecund haploid and diploid populations partitioned into two genetic types, with one type conferring selective advantage. For the diploid populations, we incorporate various dominance mechanisms. We assume that the populations may experience recurrent bottlenecks. In random sweepstakes, the distribution of individual recruitment success is highly skewed, resulting in a huge variance in the number of offspring contributed by the individuals present in any given generation. Using computer simulations, we investigate the joint effects of random sweepstakes, recurrent bottlenecks and dominance mechanisms on selection. In our framework, bottlenecks allow random sweepstakes to have an effect on the time to fixation, and in diploid populations, the effect of random sweepstakes depends on the dominance mechanism. We describe selective sweepstakes that are approximated by recurrent sweeps of strongly beneficial allelic types arising by mutation. We demonstrate that both types of sweepstakes reproduction may facilitate rapid adaptation (as defined based on the average time to fixation of a type conferring selective advantage conditioned on fixation of the type). However, whether random sweepstakes cause rapid adaptation depends also on their interactions with bottlenecks and dominance mechanisms. Finally, we review a case study in which a model of recurrent sweeps is shown to essentially explain population genomic data from Atlantic cod.
Shifts in functional traits and interactions patterns of soil methane‐cycling communities following forest‐to‐pasture conversion in the Amazon Basin
Authors: Obregon Alvarez Dasiel , Fonseca de Souza Leandro , Mendes Lucas William , de Moraes Moacir Tuzzin , Tosi Micaela , Venturini Andressa Monteiro , Meyer Kyle M. , Barbosa de Camargo Plínio , Bohannan Brendan J. M. , Mazza Rodrigues Jorge L. , Dunfield Kari E. , Tsai Siu Mui
Published: March 2023

Deforestation threatens the integrity of the Amazon biome and the ecosystem services it provides, including greenhouse gas mitigation. Forest‐to‐pasture conversion has been shown to alter the flux of methane gas (CH4) in Amazonian soils, driving a switch from acting as a sink to a source of atmospheric CH4. This study aimed to better understand this phenomenon by investigating soil microbial metagenomes, focusing on the taxonomic and functional structure of methane‐cycling communities. Metagenomic data from forest and pasture soils were combined with measurements of in situ CH4 fluxes and soil edaphic factors and analysed using multivariate statistical approaches. We found a significantly higher abundance and diversity of methanogens in pasture soils. As inferred by co‐occurrence networks, these microorganisms seem to be less interconnected within the soil microbiota in pasture soils. Metabolic traits were also different between land uses, with increased hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic pathways of methanogenesis in pasture soils. Land‐use change also induced shifts in taxonomic and functional traits of methanotrophs, with bacteria harbouring genes encoding the soluble form of methane monooxygenase enzyme (sMMO) depleted in pasture soils. Redundancy analysis and multimodel inference revealed that the shift in methane‐cycling communities was associated with high pH, organic matter, soil porosity and micronutrients in pasture soils. These results comprehensively characterize the effect of forest‐to‐pasture conversion on the microbial communities driving the methane‐cycling microorganisms in the Amazon rainforest, which will contribute to the efforts to preserve this important biome.
Estimator for generalization performance of machine learning model trained by biased data collected from multiple references
Authors: Okazaki Yuriko , Okazaki Shinichiro , Asamoto Shingo , Yamaji Toru , Ishige Minoru
Published: March 2023

The data acquired in civil engineering tasks often involve high acquisition costs, and the available datasets tend to have a limited number of samples and are highly biased. To estimate the performance of machine learning models, k‐fold cross‐validation (k‐CV) is widely used. However, if only limited data are available and the data distribution is biased, k‐CV tends to overestimate the performance for practical applications. This study proposed a new estimator, leave one reference out and k‐CV (LORO‐k‐CV), to determine the practical performance of machine learning models, that is, the generalization performance for population data in the target task, in case data are collected by multiple references resulting in biased data. LORO‐k‐CV is a combination of a new concept, LORO‐CV, that estimates the performance in the extrapolation region of the training data without human intervention and k‐CV, considering the ratio of the interpolation and extrapolation regions. The efficacy of LORO‐k‐CV was validated with its application to the regression task for the chloride‐ion concentration of concrete structures. To more specifically demonstrate the advantages of LORO‐k‐CV in model construction, the feature selections were conducted using both k‐CV and LORO‐k‐CV methods. These results revealed that LORO‐k‐CV can effectively construct a model with improved generalization performance even from the same data in cases where data are collected by multiple references, resulting in biased data.
Chunky yarn sign: A screening marker for brachial plexus hypertrophy on axial cervical spine MRI
Authors: Komagamine Tomoko , Aoki‐Kawabata Reika , Hamaguchi Mai , Suzuki Keisuke , Kokubun Norito
Published: March 2023

Background

Nerve hypertrophy is one of the characteristic features of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). The brachial plexus runs along the gap between the anterior and medial scalene muscles (interscalene gap), and its enlargement sometimes appears as widening of the interscalene gap on conventional axial cervical spine MRI.

Methods

To determine whether the screening of nerve hypertrophy in CIDP is available via conventional cervical spine MRI, we reviewed the medical records of 29 patients with CIDP who underwent cervical MRI, and imaging features were compared with 50 patients with cervical spondylosis who underwent nerve conduction study and were confirmed to have no neuropathies. The maximum diameter of the interscalene gap at the 6th or 7th cervical vertebra level on axial‐slice T2 weighted imaging was measured by two observers independently.

Results

The maximum diameter of the interscalene gap was significantly larger in the CIDP patients (range, 1.7–11.58; median, 3.64 mm; interquartile range [IQR], 1.79) than in the cervical spondylosis patients (range, 0.87–4.71; median, 1.96 mm; IQR, 0.88) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The enlarged interscalene gaps were analogous to chunky yarn, with a continuous thick structure along the gaps. Attention to interscalene gaps on routine MRI can contribute to the screening of hypertrophic neuropathies without additional costs or procedures.
The future of clinical trials of myopia control
Authors: Bullimore Mark A. , Brennan Noel A. , Flitcroft Daniel Ian
Published: March 2023

In the field of myopia control, effective optical or pharmaceutical therapies are now available to patients in many markets. This creates challenges for the conduct of placebo‐controlled, randomised clinical trials, including ethics, recruitment, retention, selective loss of faster progressors and non‐protocol treatments:

Ethics: It is valid to question whether withholding treatment in control subjects is ethical.

Recruitment: Availability of treatments is making recruitment into clinical trials more difficult.

Retention: If masking is not possible, parents may immediately withdraw their child if randomised to no treatment.

Selective loss: Withdrawal of fast progressors in the control group leading to a control group biased towards low progression.

Non‐protocol treatment: Parents may access other myopia treatments in addition to those within the trial.

We propose that future trials may adopt one of the following designs:

Non‐inferiority trials using an approved drug or device as the control. The choice will depend on whether a regulatory agency has approved the drug or device.

Short conventional efficacy trials where data are subsequently entered into a model created from previous clinical trials, which allows robust prediction of long‐term treatment efficacy from the initial efficacy.

Virtual control group trials based on data relating to axial elongation, myopia progression or both, accounting for subject's age and race.

Short‐term control data from a cohort, for example, 1 year or less, and applying an appropriate, proportional annual reduction in axial elongation to that population and extrapolating to subsequent years.

Time‐to‐treatment‐failure trials using survival analysis; once a treated or control subject progresses or elongates by a given amount, they exit the study and can be offered treatment.

In summary, the future development of new treatments in myopia control will be hampered if significant changes are not made to the design of clinical trials in this area.
Implications of North Korean Forest Policy and “Golden Mountain Strategy”
Authors: Oh Sam Un , Park So Young
Published: March 2023

This study analyzes the implications of forest management and golden walks, which are forest policies that have stood out in North Korea since Chairman Kim Jong‐un took power. North Korea strategically uses the term golden mountain to mean “forest restoration that contributes to economic development and improvement of the living standards of its people.” This study emphasizes that the concept of forest use has changed with the introduction and implementation of forest management in North Korea. This study presupposes that since 2019, the Golden Mountain Strategy has evolved into a concept that encompasses not only economic development and improvement of the national standard of living but also forest restoration, that is, protection of the ecological environment. In addition, this strategy is not limited to forest use policies but also encompasses aspects of national development. It combines “sustainable development” with strategies to protect the ecological environment, develop local economies, and strengthen national status.
A review on adaptation of banana (Musa spp.) to cold in subtropics
Authors: Joshi Rashmi Upreti , Singh Ashok Kumar , Singh Vijay Pratap , Rai Ratna , Joshi Pushpesh
Published: March 2023

Global production of bananais adversely affected by abiotic stresses, namely, drought, salinity and low temperature which cause changes in morphology, anatomy, physiology and biochemical metabolism in plant. Different banana cultivars respond differently when grown in subtropical regions due to changes in temperature mainly at the time of flowering and fruiting. The subtropical regions persist cold in winter which become a major constraint for proper growth and development of banana. Only few cultivars are identified for cold tolerance. The cold tolerance is a complex phenomenon, involving numbers of interrelated metabolic pathways. With the onset of cold, growth decrease through alteration in the synthesis of metabolites which are regulated by expression of genes and their interactions. Recently, complete genome sequencing, mutation and transgenesis provided deep insight into the complex mechanism of cold tolerance in banana. In this review, efforts are made to compile the findings and to interpret the better application of technologies in understanding the cold tolerance which may assist in banana breeding.
Substance use and solid organ transplantation in adolescents and young adults: Current findings and implications
Authors: Campagna Bianca R. , Annunziato Rachel A.
Published: March 2023

Background

Understanding the role of substance use is important in the equitable allocation of solid organs and may present an opportunity for improving outcomes among substance users who receive transplants. This scoping review presents findings related to substance use among pediatric and young adult transplant populations and suggests future directions.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted seeking studies related to substance use in pediatric and young adult transplant populations under the age of 39 years. Studies were deemed eligible if they collected data or addressed policy concerns and participants' mean age was below 39 years.

Results

Twenty‐nine studies were identified as eligible for this review. Overall, policies around substance use are largely inconsistent throughout both pediatric and adult transplant centers. Findings indicated that substance use among pediatric and young adult transplant recipients is similar to or lower than healthy peers. Few studies addressed marijuana use and opioid misuse, among other substances.

Conclusions

There is a general dearth of research on substance use in this population. The current findings suggest that substance use, although relatively less common, affects eligibility for transplant, may lead to poor outcomes, and affects medication adherence. Inconsistent substance use policies in transplant centers have the potential to result in bias. However, more research is needed on the effects of substance use among pediatric and young adult transplant candidates and recipients as well as on equitable policies for organ allocation for individuals who use substances.
Can peripheral biomarkers reflect the psychological condition in geriatric populations? The influence of cardiovascular comorbidities
Authors: Huang Wei‐Chia , Wu Chi‐Shin , Chang Kai‐Chieh , Chen Hsin‐Shui , Chang Chin‐Kai , Hwang Juey‐Jen , Huang Su‐Hua , Chen Yung‐Ming , Cheng Bor‐Wen , Weng Min‐Hsiu , Hsu Chih‐Cheng , Huang Wei‐Lieh
Published: March 2023

Background

Although previous studies indicated the association between peripheral biomarkers and psychological conditions, a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among geriatric populations may hinder the applicability of the biomarkers. The objective of this study was to assess the adequacy of the application of biomarkers to evaluate psychological conditions among geriatric populations.

Method

We collected information on the demographics and history of CVD in all participants. All participants completed the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS‐5) and the Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI), which are the measurement of negative and positive psychological conditions, respectively. Four indicators of the peripheral biomarkers, including the standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals (SDNN), finger temperature, skin conductance, and electromyogram were collected for each participant during a 5‐min resting state. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between the biomarkers and the psychological measurements (BSRS‐5, CHI) with and without the inclusion of the participants with CVD.

Results

A total of 233 participants without CVD (non‐CVD group) and 283 participants with CVD (CVD group) were included. The CVD group was older and with higher body mass index compared to the non‐CVD group. In the multiple linear regression model with all participants, only BSRS‐5 scores had a positive association with electromyogram. After the exclusion of the CVD group, the association between the BSRS‐5 scores and electromyogram was more relevant, while CHI scores became positively associated with SDNN.

Conclusions

A single measurement of the peripheral biomarker may be insufficient to depict psychological conditions among geriatric populations.
Three‐way fungal interactions affect the potential biological control of Himalayan balsam, Impatiens glandulifera
Authors: Razak Nadia Ab , Gange Alan C. , Currie Amanda F. , Sutton Brian C. , Mansor Asyraf
Published: March 2023

Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) is one of the most invasive weeds across Europe. The rust fungus, Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae has been introduced as a biological control agent, but success has been patchy. Here, we investigated whether mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi can affect rust efficacy and plant growth. Over three experiments, we found that AM fungi and the rust alone or together consistently reduced plant growth, but this depended on the identity of species in the AM inoculum. Meanwhile, AM fungi increased infection frequency of the endophyte Colletotrichum acutatum. Rust inoculation had no detrimental effects on mycorrhizal colonisation or C. acutatum infection, but the latter two fungi reduced rust sporulation. However, plant size was reduced when all three fungal types were present, suggesting that a combined fungal inoculum offers a promising approach for the control of this weed.
Explorar lo sensible, mediar lo invisible. Estado de la cuestión de la investigación-creación audiovisual
Authors: Arango-Lopera Carlos Andrés , Aguilar-Rodríguez Daniel , Montoya-Zuluaga Arnobis
Published: March 2023

La investigación-creación es una propuesta metodológica aún en construcción. En ella sorprende la manera como el campo de la comunicación se ha insertado en esa discusión, a pesar de que en un principio fueron las facultades de artes, arquitectura y diseño quienes iniciaron el debate. Este artículo realiza un estado de la cuestión de la investigación-creación en el terreno audiovisual colombiano, a partir, primero, de una revisión de literatura y, segundo, una mirada a la oferta de formación posgradual que se registra en el país. A partir de lo primero, identifica los niveles que definen la discusión, donde se identifican el epistemológico, el metodológico y el creativo; respecto a lo segundo, muestra los enfoques que se registran en los programas de posgrado identificados. En suma, este trabajo pretende aportar a la discusión sobre el lugar de la comunicación en la construcción de la investigación-creación.
Pose Optimization in Robotic Milling Based on Surface Location Error
Authors: Hou Tengyu , Lei Yang , Ding Ye
Published: March 2023

Industrial robots have become a suitable alternative to machine tools due to their flexibility, low cost, and large working space. However, the compliance of the robot system makes it prone to produce large deformations and vibrations during machining, resulting in poor machining accuracy and surface quality. In order to improve the machining performance of the robot, a posture optimization method for robotic milling with the redundant degree of freedom is introduced. First, modal tests are conducted at sampled points to obtain the configuration-dependent parameters of the structural dynamics of the robotic milling system. These experimental data are combined with the inverse distance weighted (IDW) model to further predict the modal parameters at the unsampled points. Then, considering the dynamics model of the system, the optimization model based on surface location error (SLE) is proposed to obtain the optimal robotic posture. Finally, a series of experiments illustrate that pose optimization based on SLE can improve the machining accuracy and surface machining quality.
A Survey of Wave Energy Converter Mechanisms Presented Under the Topological and Functional Viewpoints
Authors: Scavalla Andrea , Rossi Andrea , La Battaglia Vincenzo , Pio Belfiore Nicola
Published: March 2023

Wave energy converter (WEC) mechanisms have been increasingly attracting the interest of institutions and companies, because of the energetic crisis and the energy demanded by small off-grid off-shore systems. Examples of WEC systems design date back to 1892 and, since then, different mechanisms have been proposed, based on different working principles. In this work, an attempt has been made to build an atlas of WEC devices, collecting them from the scientific and technical literature, as broadly as possible to the best of the authors’ abilities. The working principle, the wave propagation direction, and the coast proximity have been used to classify the mechanisms of the atlas that have been illustrated by means of standardized esthetics. The topological nature of each device has been also extracted by applying both the polynomial representation of its kinematic chain (KC) together with a planar representation of the corresponding graph. These representations gave rise to a further and more detailed classification of the collected WEC devices that have been gathered together in peculiar topological families. Finally, system power has been also included to complete the information related to the devices illustrated in the atlas.
A Method for Predicting the Aeroelastic Response of Radial Turbomachines
Authors: Fellows David W. , Iskandar Vincent , Bodony Daniel J. , McGowan Ryan C. , Kang Sang-Guk , Pope Aaron J. , Kweon Chol-Bum M.
Published: March 2023

Aircraft intermittent combustion engines often incorporate turbochargers adapted from ground-based applications to improve their efficiency and performance. These turbochargers can operate at off-design conditions and experience blade failures brought on by aerodynamic-induced blade resonances. A reduced-order model of the aeroelastic response of general fluid–structural configurations is developed using the Euler–Lagrange equation informed by numerical data from uncoupled computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and computational structural dynamic calculations. The structural response is derived from a method of assumed-modes approach. The unsteady fluid response is described by a modified version of piston theory that approximates the local transient pressure fluctuation in conjunction with steady CFD solution data. The reduced-order model is first applied to a classical panel flutter scenario and found to predict a flutter boundary that compares favorably to the boundary identified by existing theory and experimental data. The model is then applied to the high-pressure turbine of a dual-stage turbocharger. The model predictions are shown to reliably determine the lack of turbine blade flutter and rudimentary damping comparisons are performed to assess the ability of the model to ascertain the susceptibility of the turbine to forced response. Obstacles associated with the current experimental state of the art that impinge upon further numerical validation are discussed.
Effect of Solidity and Aspect Ratio on the Aerodynamic Performance of Axial-Flow Fans With 0.2 Hub-to-Tip Ratio
Authors: Masi Massimo , Danieli Piero , Lazzaretto Andrea
Published: March 2023

Aspect ratio and solidity play complementary roles in the aerodynamic design of axial fan rotor blades. Few studies have experimented the effect of the aspect ratio of rotor blades on the performance of low-speed axial fans or its interaction with blade solidity in terms of fan aerodynamic performance. This study examined the selection of the solidity and blade aspect ratio in the preliminary design of low-pressure industrial fans with minimized hub-to-tip ratios. The aim of this study was to make available to the fan community experimental data that allow the determination of the optimal aspect ratio for practical applications as a function of the blade solidity. Various aspects of the performance of 16 prototypes of a 315-mm-diameter propeller fan were compared. The industrial fan prototypes all had a hub-to-tip ratio of 0.2 and were derived from four baseline designs conceived to ideally achieve the same best efficiency operation with different values of the aspect ratio. In addition, the prototypes’ assemblies were conceived to allow operation with different blade counts, i.e., with different rotor solidities at a fixed blade aspect ratio. The aerodynamic performance of the fans, measured in accordance with the ISO-5801 standard, was evaluated to assess the sensitivity and trends of the fan pressure and efficiency with respect to the blade aspect ratio and solidity at fixed tip clearance. The measured effects of the aspect ratio and solidity are discussed on the basis of data available in the literature. The results of the experimental analysis were used to formulate general guidelines for the preliminary design of propeller fans with minimized hub-to-tip ratios.
Uncertainty in the Flexural Behavior of Soft-Core Sandwich Beams
Authors: Malkiel N. , Rabinovitch O.
Published: March 2023

The impact of uncertainty on the flexural response of sandwich beams is studied in this paper. The study focuses on the unique features of typical soft-core sandwich beams, including local effects and stresses concentrations. Those are critical for the integrity and performance of the structural system and, to the best knowledge of the authors, were never considered from a stochastic viewpoint. Several structural features of the beam are considered, separately, as uncertain, and the stochastic characteristics of the distributions of the displacements and stresses are investigated. To capture the unique local effects, the extended high-order sandwich panel theory is adopted. Numerical solutions of the stochastic ordinary differential equations use the finite element (FE) method. The parametric uncertainty and its spatial distribution are modeled by random fields. The stochastic analysis uses both the Karhunen–Loeve polynomial-chaos and the perturbation-based stochastic finite element methods. The two approaches are compared and comprehensively validated against Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results quantify the impact of uncertainty on the response, but show significant disagreements between the two stochastic approaches, and the perturbation-based stochastic finite element method is chosen as the most suitable one. The effects of the coefficient of variation of the uncertain input parameter and its correlation length are also studied. Highly amplified levels of uncertainty are revealed by the stochastic analysis near points of local stress concentration. These localized yet significant uncertainties, reported here for the first time, shed new light on the design, analysis, and safety of such sandwich beams.
Effect of Liquid Cooling Structure of Confluence Channel on Thermal Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Shen Hengjie , Li Minghai , Wang Yan , Wang Hewu , Feng Xuning , Wang Juan
Published: March 2023

In this study, based on the liquid cooling method, a confluence channel structure is proposed, and the heat generation model in the discharge process of three-dimensional battery module is established. The effects of channel structure, inlet mass flowrate, and coolant flow direction on the heat generation of the battery module were studied by control variable method. Simulation results show that the confluence channel structure (e) shows good cooling effect on the battery temperature when controlling the 5 C discharge of the battery module. In addition, compared with the straight channel under the same working condition. In the discharge process of battery module, average temperature amplitude in battery module decreased by 17.3%, the inlet and outlet pressure is reduced by 16.47%, and the maximum temperature amplitude is reduced by 20.3%. Effectively improve temperature uniformity and reduce pressure drop. The problem of uneven temperature distribution caused by uneven velocity distribution of coolant in traditional straight channel is improved. At the same time, the design of the confluence structure accelerates the heat transfer of the channel plate and provides a new idea for the design of the cooling channel.
Pressuredrop Response Characteristics for Multi-Injection Well Interfered Vertical Well in Heterogeneous Fractured Anticline Reservoirs
Authors: Shi Wenyang , Liu Xiankun , Gao Min , Tao Lei , Bai Jiajia , Zhu Qingjie
Published: March 2023

Fractured anticline reservoirs are mostly developed by a line production well located at the top position and a line injecting well located at the bottom position. The production well is often interference with by multiple injecting wells, but there is little related research about multiple injecting well interferences. To solve this problem, an extended bottom-hole pressuredrop (BHPD) response model for production well interfered with by multiple injection wells was presented to capture the injection interference and gravity effect. The proposed model's correctness is validated by the software numerical simulation, and low regimes were identified by the BHPD and its derivative curve. Research results show that: (i) the BHPD derivative curve has a one-half slope line, V-shape, and one slope line in reservoir linear flow regime, inter-porosity flow regime, and interference flow regime, respectively; (ii) the drop rate of pressure increases with the increase of formation transmissibility and storability. The bigger the fracture storability, the more obvious the V-shape feature in the derivative curve of BHPD. As the inter-porosity flow coefficient increases, the V-shape feature emerges later; (iii) the beginning time of the interference flow becomes later when the interference distance increases. When the injection rate trends to the production rate, the BHPD curve shows a slight drop and its derivative curve has an intermittent rupture; (iv) the influence of the gravity effect is not ignored. Due to the gravity effect, the BHPD interfered by constant injection well like the BHPD's behavior interfered by the closed boundary. This work provides technical support for capturing the source and degree of interference from well group in the heterogeneous fractured anticline reservoir.
An Insight Into Wax Precipitation, Deposition, and Prevention Stratagem of Gas-Condensate Flow in Wellbore Region
Authors: Xu Yunfei , Wang Zhihua , Hong Jiajun , Zhou Bo , Pu Hui
Published: March 2023

Unlike conventional waxy crude oil, the condensate undergoes a complex phase evolution process in high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of a deep gas-condensate reservoir, which makes it more difficult to predict and prevent the wax precipitation. This study measured the component composition, physical properties, and carbon number distribution of the closed sampled condensates from the wellbore region. The fluid component in wells was corrected by combining with the gas–oil ratio of the actual production data. The wellbore temperature and pressure profiles were accurately predicted using the corrected component, and the phase envelope relationship of gas-condensate flow was reasonably determined. A cold finger apparatus was designed to test the wax deposition characteristics. The main test unit consists of a completely closed high-pressure autoclave and a cold finger with a maximum 140 °C temperature-tolerant and 16,000 psi pressure-tolerant ability. The wax deposition characteristics were formulated, including wax appearance temperature (WAT), critical conditions for wax deposition, wax crystal morphology, and wax deposition rate. The primary mechanisms causing wax deposition in the wellbore region of deep gas-condensate reservoirs are still thermal diffusion and molecular diffusion. A wax crystal improved wax inhibitor consisting of hydrocarbons and polymers was collected and employed. The wax crystal improved wax inhibitor showed remarkable wax prevention performance, reducing WAT by up to 80% and achieving a 90% wax inhibiting rate within the experimental measurement concentrations. These results offer insights into the wax precipitation behavior, wax deposition characteristics, and wax prevention of the condensates.
Full Waveform Inversion-Based Ultrasound Computed Tomography Acceleration Using Two-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kleman Christopher , Anwar Shoaib , Liu Zhengchun , Gong Jiaqi , Zhu Xishi , Yunker Austin , Kettimuthu Rajkumar , He Jiaze
Published: March 2023

Ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) shows great promise in nondestructive evaluation and medical imaging due to its ability to quickly scan and collect data from a region of interest. However, existing approaches are a tradeoff between the accuracy of the prediction and the speed at which the data can be analyzed, and processing the collected data into a meaningful image requires both time and computational resources. We propose to develop convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to accelerate and enhance the inversion results to reveal underlying structures or abnormalities that may be located within the region of interest. For training, the ultrasonic signals were first processed using the full waveform inversion (FWI) technique for only a single iteration; the resulting image and the corresponding true model were used as the input and output, respectively. The proposed machine learning approach is based on implementing two-dimensional CNNs to find an approximate solution to the inverse problem of a partial differential equation-based model reconstruction. To alleviate the time-consuming and computationally intensive data generation process, a high-performance computing-based framework has been developed to generate the training data in parallel. At the inference stage, the acquired signals will be first processed by FWI for a single iteration; then the resulting image will be processed by a pre-trained CNN to instantaneously generate the final output image. The results showed that once trained, the CNNs can quickly generate the predicted wave speed distributions with significantly enhanced speed and accuracy.
On the Uniqueness of Wear Coefficient for Abrasive Wear at Nanoscale
Authors: Ma Li , Aghababaei Ramin
Published: March 2023

Materials wear is often characterized by empirical relations as the physical and chemical interactions at sliding interfaces are not fully understood at any length scale. Recent studies showed that these wear relations do not always hold in particular at the nanoscale. Here we discuss the validity range and limitations of two well-known wear models, i.e., Archard’s and Reye’s ones (which were principally developed for adhesive wear) for an abrasive wear process. Using systematic long-timescale molecular dynamic nanoscratching simulations, we show that, at the nanoscale, the wear coefficient increases by the adhesion strength and scratching depth and eventually saturates to a constant value. The saturation is associated with the transition from atomic attrition wear mode to plasticity-induced wear. This new understanding rationalizes discrepant experimental observations on the validity of Archard’s wear relation at the nanoscale. Furthermore, it confirms that a depth- and adhesion-independent wear coefficient can be obtained when plastic deformation dictates the abrasive wear process.
Elevated Temperature Wear Behavior of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy After Micro-Arc Oxidation in Single and Dual Phase Electrolytes
Authors: Selvi Ekin , Kaba Mertcan , Muhaffel Faiz , Serdar Vanlı Ali , Baydoğan Murat
Published: March 2023

Low wear resistance of AZ91 alloy is the main factor limiting its more common use in industrial applications. Therefore, the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process is mostly applied to the alloy to improve its wear resistance at room temperature (RT). However, the effect of the MAO coating on the wear behavior at elevated temperatures was investigated in limited works. In this study, the MAO process was performed on an AZ91 alloy in single-phase (silicate-containing) and dual-phase (aluminate + phosphate containing) electrolytes, and its wear behavior was investigated at both RT and 200 °C compared to the bare alloy. The results showed that the wear resistance of the alloy could be significantly improved both at RT and 200 °C, and the silicate-based electrolyte provided a better wear resistance at both temperatures. The results also showed that the dominant wear mechanism was oxidation for the bare alloy, and brittle fracture for the MAO-treated alloys.
Moroccan Consumer Energy Consumption Itemsets and Inter-Appliance Associations Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Abassi Abdelfattah , Arid Ahmed , Benazza Hussain
Published: March 2023

The study aims to analyze the patterns of home appliance use and energy consumption among Moroccan consumers using the MORED dataset. Machine learning algorithms and data mining techniques are applied to understand consumer behavior in terms of energy usage. The results provide insights into the inter-appliance association and peak hours, which will be used to design an Energy Demand Management System (EDMS) for Moroccan buildings in the future. The purpose of this research is to support the development of an effective EDMS and to encourage end-user involvement in energy management in Morocco.
Three length-scales colloidal gels: The clusters of clusters versus the interpenetrating clusters approach
Authors: Bouthier Louis-Vincent , Gibaud Thomas
Published: March 2023

Typically, in quiescent conditions, attractive colloids at low volume fractions form fractal gels structured into two length scales: the colloidal and the fractal cluster scales. However, when flow interferes with gelation colloidal fractal gels, it may display three distinct length scales [Dagès et al., Soft Matter 18, 6645–6659 (2022)]. Following those recent experimental investigations, we derive two models that account for the structure and the rheological properties of such atypical colloidal gels. The gel elasticity is inferred from scaling arguments, and the structure is translated into scattering intensities following the global scattering functions approach proposed by Beaucage and, typically, measured in small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). In both models, we consider that the colloids condensate into fractal clusters. In the clusters of the clusters model, the clusters form superagregates that then build the gel network. In the interpenetrating clusters model, the clusters interpenetrate one another to form the gel network. Those two models are then used to analyze rheo-SAXS experiments carried out on carbon black gels formed through flow cessation.
A Methodological Checklist for Studies of Pleasure and Enjoyment Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training: Part II. Intensity, Timing of Assessments, Data Modeling, and Interpretation
Authors: Ekkekakis Panteleimon , Hartman Mark E. , Ladwig Matthew A.
Published: March 2023

Recent studies have concluded that high-intensity interval training should be seen as a “viable alternative” to, and may be more enjoyable than, moderate-intensity continuous exercise. If true, these claims have the potential to revolutionize the science and practice of exercise, establishing high-intensity interval training as not only a physiologically effective exercise modality but also a potentially sustainable one. However, these claims stand in contrast to voluminous evidence according to which high levels of exercise intensity are typically experienced as less pleasant than moderate levels. To help researchers, peer reviewers, editors, and critical readers appreciate possible reasons for the apparently conflicting results, we present a checklist that identifies crucial methodological elements in studies investigating the effects of high-intensity interval training on affect and enjoyment. This second installment covers how “high-intensity” and “moderate-intensity” experimental conditions are defined, the timing of assessments of affect, the modeling of affective responses, and data interpretation.
Targeting the chromatin effector Pygo2 promotes cytotoxic T cell responses and overcomes immunotherapy resistance in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhu Yini , Zhao Yun , Wen Jiling , Liu Sheng , Huang Tianhe , Hatial Ishita , Peng Xiaoxia , Al Janabi Hawraa , Huang Gang , Mittlesteadt Jackson , Cheng Michael , Bhardwaj Atul , Ashfeld Brandon L. , Kao Kenneth R. , Maeda Dean Y. , Dai Xing , Wiest Olaf , Blagg Brian S.J. , Lu Xuemin , Cheng Liang , Wan Jun , Lu Xin
Published: March 2023

The noninflamed microenvironment in prostate cancer represents a barrier to immunotherapy. Genetic alterations underlying cancer cell–intrinsic oncogenic signaling are increasingly appreciated for their role in shaping the immune landscape. Recently, we identified Pygopus 2 (
PYGO2
) as the driver oncogene for the amplicon at 1q21.3 in prostate cancer. Here, using transgenic mouse models of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma, we found that
Pygo2
deletion decelerated tumor progression, diminished metastases, and extended survival. Pygo2 loss augmented the activation and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and sensitized tumor cells to T cell killing. Mechanistically, Pygo2 orchestrated a p53/Sp1/Kit/Ido1 signaling network to foster a microenvironment hostile to CTLs. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Pygo2 enhanced the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapies using immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell transfer, or agents inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In human prostate cancer samples, Pygo2 expression was inversely correlated with the infiltration of CD8
+
T cells. Analysis of the ICB clinical data showed association between high
PYGO2
level and worse outcome. Together, our results highlight a potential path to improve immunotherapy using Pygo2-targeted therapy for advanced prostate cancer.
Southward continuation and slab rollback of the Neotethyan arc−back-arc system: Insights from Eocene mafic intrusions from North Sumatra, SE Asia
Authors: Yu Xiaoqing , Zhang Yuzhi , Qian Xin , Ghani Azman A. , Sheldrick Thomas C. , Xu Chang , Wang Yuejun
Published: March 2023

The Neotethyan subduction and collision with the Asian, Indian, and Australian plates is evidenced by a giant Andean-type arc system and a remarkable Neotethyan igneous belt along the southwestern Eurasian margin. However, the southward extent, and cause, of Neotethyan subduction is poorly understood. Here, a zircon U-Pb dating and whole-rock geochemical study of two groups of Eocene (50−48 Ma) mafic intrusions from Tangse, North Sumatra, helps to unravel the Neotethyan subduction story. Group 1 consists of diabase samples, which have mid-oceanic-ridge− and arc-like geochemical affinities, with low chondrite-normalized La/Yb(cn) (∼0.6) ratios and a high measured εNd(t) value of +8.7. Such geochemical signatures indicate that the magmatic rocks were derived from a refractory depleted mantle source that was metasomatized by slab melts. Group 2 consists of gabbro-diorites, which are enriched in the large-ion lithophile elements and depleted in some high field strength elements. These samples have high La/Yb(cn) (2.9−6.6), low Nb/La(cn) (0.2−0.3), εNd(t) values of +1.1 to +5.0, and εHf(t) values of +8.8 to +15.3. Group 2 samples were produced by the melting of a depleted mantle wedge metasomatized by slab fluids. The magmatism provides evidence for the southern continuation of the Neotethyan igneous belt and tectonic system, whereby slab rollback triggered melting and upwelling in an arc−back-arc geodynamic system from South Tibet to SE Asia.
Pyroxenite melting at subduction zones
Authors: Bowman Emilie E. , Ducea Mihai N.
Published: March 2023

Arc magmatism is thought to be driven by peridotite melting in the mantle wedge. Yet pyroxenites are ubiquitous in the melting region beneath magmatic arcs. Because they typically have lower solidi temperatures and higher melt productivities compared to peridotite, pyroxenites likely play a significant role in magma generation. Here, we use the Zn/Fe ratios of a global database of Pliocene–Holocene primitive arc magmas to show that, as the crustal thickness of the overlying plate increases, so does the proportion of pyroxenite-derived melts relative to peridotite-derived melts. In fact, at arcs with crustal thicknesses >40 km, the majority of magmas are sourced from pyroxenite. Major and trace element geochemistry of pyroxenite melts is consistent with derivation from mafic magmas frozen in the mantle en route to the surface. We hypothesize that, as the thickness of the continental crust increases, the mantle wedge is displaced toward higher pressures and cooler temperatures, thereby lowering the extent of peridotite melting and allowing magmas sourced from the pyroxeniteveined mantle to dominate the arc budget.
Pleural empyema secondary to perforated diverticulosis due to biliary neoplasia infiltration
Authors: Dawid de Vera Maria Teresa , Prieto Cuadra Juan Daniel , Domínguez Pinos Dolores , Hierro Martín Isabel
Published: March 2023

A long-term female smoker presented to the emergency department with cough, greenish mucus and dyspnoea, without fever. The patient also reported abdominal pain and significant weight loss in recent months. Laboratory tests showed leucocytosis with neutrophilia, lactic acidosis and a faint left lower lobe consolidation on chest X-ray, for which she was admitted to the pneumology department and started on broad-spectrum antibiotherapy. After 3 days of clinical stability, the patient deteriorated rapidly, with worsening of analytical parameters and coma. The patient died a few hours later. Given the rapid and unexplained evolution of the disease, a clinical autopsy was requested, which revealed a left pleural empyema caused by perforated diverticula by neoplastic infiltration of biliary origin.
Delayed-Onset olanzapine-induced rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Lim Jun Hua Bowen , Robinson Billy , Savige Judith
Published: March 2023

Olanzapine is a commonly used and effective second-generation antipsychotic agent used for the control of paranoia and agitation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as well as in the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Serious side effects of treatment are uncommon but spontaneous rhabdomyolysis represents a rare complication. We describe here a patient treated with a stable dose of olanzapine for more than 8 years who developed acute severe rhabdomyolysis without an identifiable trigger and without features suggestive of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The rhabdomyolysis was atypical in its delayed onset and severity with a creatine kinase level of 345 125 U/L, the highest level reported in the available literature. We also describe the clinical manifestations of delayed-onset olanzapine-induced rhabdomyolysis and its differentiation from neuroleptic malignancy syndrome, and we highlight key aspects of management to prevent or minimise further complications such as acute kidney injury.