bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fig. 8. Trajectories in neighborhood greenness (relative to city means) are fitted with linear trend line (solid lines) and generalized additive model lines (dashed) for each race category (A). The distribution of regression line slopes (i.e. slope of linear trend line in A) per census tract are displayed using a violin plot with data medians and interquartile ranges plotted with dots and horizontal bars (B).
Authors: Venter Zander S , Shackleton Charlie M. , Staden Francini Van , Sebogoe Odirile , Masterson Vanessa A
Published: April 2021

Urban green infrastructure
provides ecosystem services that are essential to human wellbeing. A dearth of
national-scale assessments in the Global South has precluded the ability to
explore how political regimes, such as the forced racial segregation in South
Africa during and after Apartheid, have influenced the extent of and access to
green infrastructure over time. We investigate whether there are disparities in
green infrastructure distributions across race and income geographies in urban
South Africa. Using open-source satellite imagery and geographic information,
along with national census statistics, we find that public and private green
infrastructure is more abundant, accessible, greener and more treed in
high-income relative to low-income areas, and in areas where previously
advantaged racial groups (i.e. White citizens) reside.
Table 2. The respondent and household (hh) socioeconomic profile of the sampled populations in the three countries
Authors: Thondhlana Gladman , Pullanikkatil Deepa , Shackleton Charlie M.
Published: April 2021

The production of plant fibre products is
considered a promising pathway for contributing to people’s livelihoods
particularly in developing countries, where economic options might be limited.
However, there are limited comparative studies across countries on plant fibre
products, making it difficult to examine how local and broader biophysical,
socioeconomic, cultural and policy contexts influence craft production patterns
in terms of primary plant resources used, products made and contributions to
livelihoods. Using household surveys for data collection, this paper presents
findings from a comparative analysis of plant fibre craft production and income
in three southern African countries, Eswatini, Malawi and Zimbabwe
Table 5. Gross direct-use and traded values of livestock and poultry benefits to households in Ludaka
Authors: Herd-Hoare Shannon C , Shackleton Charlie M.
Published: April 2021

This study presents an integrated examination of
both the ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem disservices (EDS) associated
with smallholder animal husbandry in rural livelihoods in three villages in
southeast South Africa. It recognises the contribution of ES supporting and
resulting from smallholder livestock and poultry production, but also details
the limiting factors or EDS, such as tick-borne disease, birds of prey or
unpalatable rangeland, produced by the same system. Using a mixed-methods
approach, including focus group discussions with various Participatory Learning
and Action (PLA) activities, key informant interviews, household surveys and
land-use change mapping on GIS, we consider the relative value and benefits
from ES after the effects of EDS, as well as the management and strategies that
households adopt to minimise EDS
Figure 2. Ecosystem services (ES) and EDS reflected as a percentage of the average potential household value of livestock consumptive outputs amongst owner households, economic values at the top of the graph represent total potential values if not for disservices
Authors: Herd-Hoare Shannon C , Shackleton Charlie M.
Published: April 2021

This study presents an
integrated examination of both the ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem
disservices (EDS) associated with smallholder animal husbandry in rural
livelihoods in three villages in southeast South Africa. It recognises the
contribution of ES supporting and resulting from smallholder livestock and
poultry production, but also details the limiting factors or EDS, such as
tick-borne disease, birds of prey or unpalatable rangeland, produced by the
same system. Using a mixed-methods approach, including focus group discussions
with various Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) activities, key informant
interviews, household surveys and land-use change mapping on GIS, we consider
the relative value and benefits from ES after the effects of EDS, as well as
the management and strategies that households adopt to minimise EDS.
Türkiye’de Yayılış Gösteren Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822) (Araneae: Lycosidae) Türünün Karyolojik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması
Authors: SIRLIBAŞ Fahrettin Anıl , KUMBIÇAK Zübeyde , KUMBIÇAK Ümit
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada Lycosidae familyası içerisinde yer alan Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822) türünün karyotip analizi ülkemizde ilk kez yapılmıştır. Kromozomların elde edilmesinde standart giemsa boyama yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Bu yöntem, gonadların elde edilmesi, hipotonik uygulama, fiksasyon ve boyama olmak üzere dört ana basamak içermektedir. Çalışmada türe ait diploid kromozom sayısı 2n♂=28 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Eşey kromozomu sistemi X1X20 olup; tüm kromozomlar telosentrik tiptedir. Otozomal kromozomların relatif uzunluklarının kademeli olarak bir azalış gösterdiği kaydedilmiştir. Eşey kromozomlarının mayoz I evrelerinde pozitif heteropiknotik özellikte, mayoz II evrelerinde ise izopiknotik özellikte oldukları belirlenmiştir.
Agaricus campestris Metanol Ekstraktının Yağ Asidi Kompozisyonu ve Terapötik Potansiyelinin Araştırılması
Authors: ERDOĞAN Mehmet Kadir , AGCA Can Ali , GEÇİBESLER İbrahim Halil
Published: April 2021

Yapılan bilimsel araştırmalar mantarların çok umut verici farmakolojik potansiyele sahip olduğuna işaret
etmektedir. Agaricus campestris, önemli biyoaktiviteye sahip yenilebilir bir mantar türüdür. Bu çalışmada, A.
campestris metanol ekstraktının (AC) antioksidan ve antiproliferatif aktiviteleri ile yağ asidi kompozisyonunun
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. AC içeriğindeki yağ asitlerinin kantitatif analizi GC-MS spektrometresi ile
değerlendirilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivitenin belirlemesi için ise DPPH serbest radikali giderme testi, ABTS katyon
radikali giderme aktivitesi, ferrik iyonlarını indirgeme testi ve Ferröz iyonlarını şelatlama testleri kullanılmıştır. AC
ekstraktının antiproliferatif etkisi ise insan kolon (HT-29), meme (MCF-7) ve beyin (U373) kanseri hücre hatlarında zaman ve doz bağımlı olarak WST-1 hücre canlılığı analizi ile belirlenmiştir. AC içeriğinde baskın bileşenler olarak doymamış yağ asidi olan linoleik asit (18:2, ω-6) %56.45 oranında ve doymuş yağ asidi olan palmitik asit (16:0) %28.74 oranında analiz edilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite parametreleri geniş konsantrasyon aralıklarında değerlendirildiğinde, artan konsantrasyon ile lineer bir antioksidan aktivite artışı gözlendi. AC 24 saatlik tedavide HT-29 hücrelerinde 52.62 μg mL-1 IC50 değeri ile en yüksek antiproliferatif etkiyi göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, A. campestris hakkında daha fazla araştırma yapmak için ilginç veriler ortaya koymaktadır, ve özellikle kanser hücreleri üzerindeki güçlü antiproliferatif potansiyel mantarın daha fazla araştırılmaya değer olduğunu göstermektedir.
İnsanların Siyanotoksinler ile Teması ve Sağlığa Etkileri
Authors: VARLI Yasemin
Published: April 2021

Siyanobakteriler; gram negatif, 16S rRNA ve klorofil-a içeren, karbondioksit ve atmosferik azotu fiske edebilen, fotosentetik, organik karbon ve oksijen üretebilen tek prokaryotik organizmadır. Son yıllarda değişen iklim koşulları ve artan insan faaliyetleri, tüm dünyada zararlı siyanobakteriyel bloom oluşum sıklığını artırmaktadır. Siyanobakteriyel bloomlar, zararlı toksinler ve kötü kokulu bileşikler üreterek içme suyu ve eğlence suları için bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca bloom oluşumu, hipoksiye ve ekosistemdeki besin ağının bozulmasına neden olur. Çeşitli çevresel faktörlerin siyanotoksin sentezinin düzenlenmesindeki rollerinin bilinmesi, toksik siyanobakteriyel bloomların etkin yönetimi için gereklidir. Siyanotoksinler, siyanobakterilerin çeşitli cinsleri tarafından üretilen sekonder metabolitler grubu olup algler, bitkiler, hayvanlar ve insan dâhil olmak üzere birçok ökaryotik organizma için son derece zehirlidir. Siyanotoksinler, gen kümeleri şeklinde organize olmuş bir grup gen tarafından kodlanan enzimlerle non-ribozomal olarak sentezlenirler. Siyanotoksin, gelişmenin tüm aşamalarında üretilmektedir. Bu derlemede, insanların siyanotoksinler ile teması ve sağlığa etkileri özetlenmektedir.
Effects of Different Growing Medium, Substrate and Irrigation Method Applications on Soilless Roll Sod
Authors: KARAŞAHİN Muhammet
Published: April 2021

This research was carried out in the hydroponics production field at Selcuk University, Cumra School of Applied Sciences between the dates of 01.09.2019 and 28.02.2020. This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of different growing medium (Co: control, Wp: wood powder, Pe: perlite, and Tu: turf (cocopeat)), substrates (Cf: cotton fiber, Pf: polyester fiber, Pm: polyester mesh), and irrigation method (Sp: sprinkler, Ti: tidal, and Fp: fogponic) applications on soilless roll sod, the following characteristics were examined: fresh grass yield (g m² -1), dry matter rate (%), dry grass yield (g m² -1), plant height (mm), emergence speed (day), covering speed (day), root length (cm), overall appearance (1-9), shoot diameter (mm), tiller number (number cm2 -1), leaf blade length (cm), leaf blade width (mm) and the index value (leaf blade length/leaf blade width). It was observed that there was no statistical difference between the applications in terms of overall appearance values. When root length and tiller number values, which are among the important growth parameters in the soilless roll sod production, application conveniences, biodegradability, and production costs are considered together, "Tu" growing medium, "Cf" substrate and "Sp" irrigation method applications came to the fore. To be able to obtain more realistic recommendations on this issue, land applications should be included in future research.
The Study on the Relationships Between the Age Structure and Body Size of the Bridled Skink, Heremites vittatus, (Oliver, 1804) from Different Altitudes in Turkey
Authors: YILDIRIM Elif , KUMLUTAŞ Yusuf , CANDAN Kamil , ILGAZ Çetin
Published: April 2021

Age structure and body size of Heremites vittatus from three different altitudes (group I: 0-499 m, group II: 500-999 m, and group III: above 1000 m) were investigated using skeletochronology. The mean snout-vent length (SVL) of females in all groups was larger than males. The average SVL was 74.8 mm in females and 66.8 mm in males. Age ranged from three to seven years in females and two to seven years in males. No significant differences were found in mean age between sexes (Mann-Whitney U-test, p=0.324). Among three groups, there was no significant difference between the populations as regards both age and SVL. However, SVL only in groups I and II were statistically significant between sexes. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between age and SVL. The Von Bertalanffy’s model indicated that females had a larger asymptotic body size than males and that there was a significant difference between the sexes in terms of growth rate.
Aksiyal Disübstitüe Silisyum Ftalosiyaninlerin Biyolojik Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: AKTAŞ KARAÇELİK Ayça , EFE Derya , ÇAKIR Volkan , BIYIKLIOĞLU Zekeriya
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada daha önce sentezlenen eksenel ([3- (dimetilamino) fenoksi] propanooksi) ve ([3- (dietilamino) fenoksi] propanooksi) ikameli silisyum ftalosiyaninlerin (DM-C3-Si ve DE-C3-Si) biyolojik aktivitelerinin [sığır karbonik anhidraz (bCA) inhibisyonu, antioksidan ve antibakteriyel] değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. CA inhibisyon aktivitesi, esteraz aktivitesi ile belirlendi. Antioksidan aktivite, iki yaygın yöntem olan 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH•) radikal temizleme ve demir iyon (III) indirgeme / antioksidan güç (FRAP) metotları ile belirlendi. Antibakteriyel aktivite, üç Gram-negatif ve üç Gram-pozitif bakteriye karşı disk difüzyon yöntemi ile belirlendi. Sonuçlara göre, DE-C3-Si silisyum ftalosiyanin, standart CA inhibitörü sülfanilamide kıyasla 2333 nM IC50 değeriyle yaklaşık iki kat daha yüksek CA inhibitör aktivitesi gösterdi. Antioksidan sonuçlarına göre, silisyum ftalosiyaninler standart C vitamininden daha yüksek antioksidan aktivite gösterdi (DPPH• radikal temizleme SC50 değerleri: DM-C3-Si: 0.0199 mg mL-1 ve DE-C3-Si: 0.0232 mg mL-1, FRAP TEAC değerleri: DM-C3-Si: 232 μM ve DE-C3-Si: 73 μM). Bu bileşiklerin antibakteriyel aktivitesinin Gram-negatif ve Gram-pozitif bakterilere karşı çok az olduğu gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, silisyum ftalosiyaninler, biyolojik aktiviteleri nedeniyle yeni CA inhibitörlerinin keşfinde ve gıdalarda büyük kullanım potansiyeline sahiptir.
Taşkın Frekansı Analizinde Klasik Yöntemler ve Alternatif Bir Parametre Tahmin Yönteminin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: YILMAZ Muhammet , TOSUNOĞLU Fatih , DEMİREL Mehmet Cüneyd
Published: April 2021

Taşkın frekans analizi su yapılarının tasarımı, taşkın kontrolünün planlanması ve projelendirilmesinde oldukça önemlidir. Taşkın frekans analizinin önemli adımlarından biri veriler için uygun bir dağılım modelinin ve parametrelerinin tahmin edilmesidir. Bu çalışmada, olasılık dağılım fonksiyonlarının parametrelerini tahmin etmek için optimizasyon tabanlı DEoptim algoritması önerilmiş ve geleneksel maksimum olabilirlik yöntemi (MLM) ve momentler yöntemi (MOM) ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Doğu Karadeniz Havzası üzerinde bulunan 2 adet istasyona ait yıllık maksimum akım verileri kullanılmıştır. Taşkın tekerrür debilerinin tahmini için Gamma, Weibull, Log-Normal, Logistic ve Normal olasılık dağılımları kullanılmıştır. En uygun olasılık dağılımını belirlemek için Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) testi, ortalama hata karesi (OHK), Kling–Gupta etkinlik katsayısı (KGE), ortalama mutlak hata (OMH), Nash–Sutcliffe etkinlik katsayısı (NSE) ve Akaike bilgi kriteri (AIC) testleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, DEoptim yönteminin MLM ve MOM yöntemine kıyasla olasılık dağılım fonksiyonu parametrelerini tahmin etmede daha etkili bir yöntem olduğu görülmüştür. Son olarak, en uygun olasılık modelleri kullanılarak farklı tekerrür periyotlarında (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 ve 500) meydana gelebilecek taşkın tahminleri hesaplanmış ve sonuçlar tartışılmıştır.
Determination of Radon Concentrations in Surface Water Samples of Aygır Lake in Bitlis (Turkey)
Authors: KAYAKÖKÜ Halime
Published: April 2021

Aygır Lake is located in the province of Bitlis, Adilcevaz, in the east of Turkey. It is located on the south side of Süphan Mountain and is a tectonically formed lake. Since the waters of Aygır Lake are fresh, it is an important water source in terms of meeting the water needs of the agricultural areas in the south. For this reason, it was tried to determine whether the water of the lake would pose a health risk in terms of radon if it was consumed as drinking water and used in agricultural activities and fish farming. In the study, radon (222Rn) concentrations, the annual effective dose rate (AED) and the amount of dose the stomach takes (SED) in the surface water samples taken from Aygır Lake were tried to be determined. For this purpose, water samples were taken from 13 different points in the lake. Saphymo Gmbh AlphaGUARD Professional radon monitor was used to measure the radon activities of the water samples. As a result of the measurements, it is seen that the radon concentrations vary between 0.15 ± 0.01 Bq L-1 and 0.71 ± 0.08 Bq L-1. In addition, in the study, AED values ranged from 0.38 ± 0.03 nSv y-1 to 1.81 ± 0.20 nSv y-1, while SED values ranged from 0.05 ± 0.00 nSv y-1 to 0.22 ± 0.02 nSv y-1. When the results obtained are compared with the average international values, it is noticed that the results are below these values.
İn Vitro Gaz Üretim Tekniği Kullanılarak Yer bademi (Cyperus esculentus) Çeşitlerinin Besin Değerinin Saptanması
Authors: AYAŞAN Tugay , SUCU Ekin , ULGER İsmail , İNCİ Hakan , HIZLI Hatice , İNAN Sevda
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, farklı yer bademi çeşitlerinin (Sarı şeker, İntrodüksiyon 1, Bal yumru) besin madde değerlerinin ve koçlarda sindirilebilirliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Farklı yer bademi çeşitlerinin ortalama gaz üretimi, 96 saatlik inkübasyondan sonra in vitro gaz üretim kinetiği ve in vitro inkübasyon süreleri belirlenmiştir. Yetiştirilen farklı yer bademi çeşitlerinin in vitro gaz üretim tekniği kullanılarak a, b, c, a + b'nin pearson korelasyon katsayıları ve pearson korelasyon katsayıları bulunmuştur. Çalışmada farklı yer bademi çeşitlerinin değişik zamanlardaki ortalama gaz üretimleri sadece 3. saatte önemli bulunmuş; 96 saatlik inkübasyondan sonraki in vitro gaz üretim kinetikleri, çeşitler arasında farklılık yaratmamış; in vitro inkübasyon zamanları ile pearson korelasyon katsayıları arasındaki ilişki önemli tespit edilmiştir. Yer bademi çeşitlerinin ortalama ham proteini (HP) %4.39; kuru maddesi (KM) %94.08; ham yağı (HY) %24.85; ham külü (HK) %2.53; asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (ADF) %15.04, nötr deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF) %24.03; lif olmayan karbonhidrat (LOK) %44.20 olarak bulunmuştur. Yer bademi çeşitlerinin ortalama toplam sindirilebilir besin maddesi %72.78; metabolik enerjisi 2.63 Mcal/kg KM, sindirilebilir enerjisi 3.21 Mcal/kg KM ve de net enerji laktasyon değeri 1.66 Mcal/kg KM olarak tespit edilmiştir.
HnRNPA2’in LC(286-291) Domain Fibrili ve Onun D290V Mutasyonu Hakkında Teorik Bir Çalışma
Authors: ALICI Hakan
Published: April 2021

Son zamanlarda, hnRNPA'lerin işlevindeki bozukluklar başta amiyotrofik lateral skleroz (ALS) ve frontotemporal demans (FTD) olmak üzere birçok nörodejeneratif hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. hnRNPA'lerin düşük karmaşıklık (LC) domainlerinin fibrilleşme eğilimlerinin bu işlev bozukluklarının temel nedeni olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada atomik yapısı çok yakın zamanda ortaya konulmuş D290V mutasyonuna sahip hnRNPA2'nin LC(286-291) fibril domaininin bir polimorfu (pdb kod:6WPQ) ve bu poliformun mutasyonsuz yani vahşi tip (WT) fibril formu hakkında bir moleküler Dinamik (MD) simülasyon çalışması sunuyoruz. MD simulasyon sonuçlarına göre önerilen fibril polimorf yapısı için D290V mutasyonun kararlı bir konformasyona sahip olduğu ancak onun WT formun bu fibril polimorf yapı konformasyonu için kararsız olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışmada elde edilen bulgular gelecekteki muhtemel ilaç çalışmaları için yalnızca D290V fibril yapısının hedef yapı olarak ele alınabileceğini işaret etmektedir.
Investigation of ACC-Deaminase and Indole Acetic Acid Producing Bacteria from Rhizospheric Soils in Ağrı Province
Authors: ALAYLAR Burak , KARADAYI Mehmet
Published: April 2021

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have critical role in promoting plant growth and health with various mechanisms. Production of indole acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity are well-known plant growth promoting (PGP) properties. In the current study; A total of 48 morphologically distinct bacterial colonies were chosen during the isolation of bacteria from various rhizospheric wheat, maize and sainfoin soil samples from agricultural areas in Ağrı-Turkey. The bacteria were isolated from soil samples utilizing by culture-dependent techniques. Then, the strains were visualised for PGP activities such as production acetic acid IAA and ACC deaminase activity. The 16S rRNA sequence similarity of potential PGPR rhizospheric strains demonstrated that strains belong to species Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, Pseudarthrobacter, Arthrobacter and Enterobacter. Totally, 11 of 48 isolates exhibited highly IAA producing and ACC deaminase activity. These results show that IAA producing and ACC deaminase activity of local potential PGPR strains isolated from soil rhizospheric which can appropriate for sustainable agricultural applications in Ağrı province.
HSS S960QL Çeliğinin MAG Kaynağında Kaynak Akımı ve Gaz Kompozisyonundaki CO2 Oranının Birleştirme Özelliklerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BARLAS Zafer , ORMANLI Esen , ÖZSARAÇ Uğur , ORHAN Ayhan , ÇALIGÜLÜ Uğur
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, 8 mm kalınlığındaki HSS S960QL çelik plakalar %5 CO2 ve %20 CO2 içerikli iki farklı karışım gaz koruması altında 185, 215 ve 245 amper olmak üzere üç farklı kaynak akımında MAG kaynak yöntemiyle birleştirilmiştir. Uygulanan bu kaynak değişkenlerinin birleştirme denemelerinin kaynak bölgesi mekanik ve mikroyapı özelliklerine olan etkilerini tespit etmek amacıyla makro ve mikroyapı incelemelerinin yanı sıra çekme ve çentik darbe testleri ile mikrosertlik ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen deneysel çalışma ve gözlem sonuçları göstermiştir ki kaynak akımı ve CO2 oranının artmasıyla, daha geniş ve derin nüfuziyete sahip bir kaynak metali meydana gelirken, kaynak bölgesinde başlangıç mikroyapısındaki temperlenmiş martenzitin beynite oranı azalmış, ayrıca buna tane irileşmesi de eşlik etmiştir. Dolayısıyla, sertlik ölçümlerinde artan akımla birlikte nispeten daha yavaş soğuma hızına bağlı olarak ısı tesiri altındaki bölgede ve kaynak metalinde sertlik düşüşleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kaynak akımı ve CO2 miktarındaki artış, akma ve çekme dayanımlarının yanı sıra çentik darbe tokluğunu da düşürücü bir rol oynamıştır.
Solucan Gübresinin Satureja hortensis L.’nin Herba Verimi ve Uçucu Yağ Oranına Etkisi
Authors: KARA Nimet
Published: April 2021

Araştırma, Isparta koşullarında Satureja hortensis L.’nin herba verimi ve uçucu yağ oranına sıvı solucan gübresi uygulamasının etkisini araştırmak amacıyla 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak, geleneksel üretim (kontrol-G.Ü), yalın solucan gübresi (S.G) ve G.Ü+S.G’nin birlikte uygulanması şeklinde kurulmuştur. Satureja hortensis’in yaş herba uçucu yağ oranı dışında birinci ve ikinci biçimleri arasındaki farklar istatistiksel olarak önemli çıkmış ve birinci biçim ortalamaları önemli oranda daha yüksek olmuştur. Yalın solucan gübresi uygulamasından elde edilen bitki boyu, yaş herba, drog herba ve drog yaprak verimi ile uçucu yağ oranı, geleneksel üretim ve G.Ü+S.G’nin birlikte uygulanmasına göre daha düşük olmuştur. İncelenen karakterlerin en yüksek değerleri G.Ü+S.G’nin birlikte uygulanmasında belirlenmiştir. Geleneksel üretim+solucan gübresinin birlikte uygulamasından elde edilen drog yaprak verimi yalın solucan gübresine göre birinci yıl %62.8, ikinci yıl %35.7 ve geleneksel üretimden ise birinci yıl %30.4, ikinci yıl %21.5 oranında daha fazla olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, üretici tercihine göre, organik ürün yetiştirmek amacıyla yalın sıvı solucan gübresi uygulanabilir olduğu, ancak daha yüksek yaş/drog herba ve
Ruminantlarda Karayolu Nakliyesinde Oluşan Stresin Nedenleri, Belirteçleri ve Sonuçları
Authors: YANAR Kerim Emre , AKTAŞ M. Sinan
Published: April 2021

Hayvanların zihinsel ve fiziksel olarak iyi olma durumu olarak tanımlanan hayvan refahı, sağlık, hastalık, yetiştirme, davranış ve sürü yönetimi gibi objektif ve subjektif ölçütlerin bir bileşkesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Günümüzde, hayvancılık faaliyetleri içerisinde kurallara uygun olarak yapılmayan canlı hayvan nakliye uygulamalarının, çiftlik hayvanları için önemli bir stres unsuru olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Söz konusu strese yol açan faktörler, stresin sonuçları ve belirteçleri ile nakliye stresinin hayvan refahı üzerine etkileri, bu çalışmada ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Pregnancy-Specific Concerns and Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Antenatal Women
Authors: Singh Sanjay , Nair Vinod G , Singh Virendra Vikram , Tiwari Shyamji , Arora Devendra , Dey Madhusudan , Tiwari Ravindu , Nair Sreeni V
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is causing widespread concern, fear, stress, anxiety, and depression throughout the population worldwide. Pregnant women, being a vulnerable group, are grossly affected by these changing environmental scenarios. The spread of Corona Virus infection itself and the subsequent nation-wide lockdown in India, just like many other countries, has caused a serious impact on antenatal patients. The objective of this study was to bring out the specific concerns of pregnant women during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and also to assess the prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Disorder owing to the pandemic.
STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional survey among antenatal patients was conducted in the outpatient department of a tertiary care obstetric center which is also a designated COVID hospital. Prevalidated questionnaires, Personal Health Questionnaire-9 & Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire-7 were used for data collection. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate pregnancy-specific concerns of the patients with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of moderate to severe depression in the survey was found to be 13.2% (n=66). The prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety disorder was found to be 9.8% (n=49).
CONCLUSION: This study has brought out the need for urgent attention to the psychological impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women. Pregnant women being a vulnerable group, especially during this pandemic, need special attention to their psychological wellbeing as well.
Urban water dissipation calculation based on the improved water balance models
Authors: Zhou Ke
Published: April 2021

The urban water dissipation models are developed based on observation and different urban construction patterns. The regional water dissipation is selected in Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan Province, China. According to model calculation results, the annual water dissipation was obtained (820.0 mm), which is significantly higher than that compared with the traditional methods (494. 4 mm). The results show that the water dissipation contribution rate of green space, inside building, hardened ground and pavement, and water surface are 40.58, 38.70, 18.32, and 2.40%, respectively. The water dissipation of hardened ground and pavement, green space, and water surface is greatly influenced by hydrological and meteorological factors. The water dissipation inside a building is proportional to the number of building layers and residents. The results show that water dissipation inside a building cannot be ignored and it is the main component of artificial water dissipation. Under the same rainfall conditions, the water dissipation of the hardened ground and pavement is inversely proportion to the runoff coefficient.
Evaluation of the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data for hydrological model in the Arctic watershed Målselv
Authors: Bui Minh Tuan , Lu Jinmei , Nie Linmei
Published: April 2021

The high-resolution Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data have recently become an alternative input for hydrological models in data-sparse regions. However, the quality of CFSR data for running hydrological models in the Arctic is not well studied yet. This paper aims to compare the quality of CFSR data with ground-based data for hydrological modeling in an Arctic watershed, Målselv. The QSWAT model, a coupling of the hydrological model SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) and the QGIS, was applied in this study. The model ran from 1995 to 2012 with a 3-year warm-up period (1995–1997). Calibration (1998–2007), validation (2008–2012), and uncertainty analyses were performed by the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Version 2 (SUFI-2) algorithm in the SWAT Calibration Uncertainties Program for each dataset at five hydro-gauging stations within the watershed. The objective function Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency for calibration is 0.65–0.82 with CFSR data and 0.55–0.74 with ground-based data, which indicate higher performance of the high-resolution CFSR data than the existing scattered ground-based data. The CFSR weather grid points showed higher variation in precipitation than the ground-based weather stations across the whole watershed. The calculated average annual rainfall by CFSR data for the whole watershed is approximately 24% higher than that by ground-based data, which results in some higher water balance components. The CFSR data also demonstrates its high capacities to replicate the streamflow hydrograph, in terms of timing and magnitude of peak and low flow. Through examination of the uncertainty coefficients P-factors (≥0.7) and R-factors (≤1.5), this study concludes that CFSR data is a reliable source for running hydrological models in the Arctic watershed Målselv.
Психологические особенности адаптации психологов к онлайн-консультированию во время пандемии COVID-19
Authors: Скипор София И. , Воробьева Анастасия Е.
Published: April 2021

Введение. Вынужденный переход консультирующих психологов на онлайн-консультирование потребовал от специалистов адаптации к новым условиям. Данных об адаптации российских практиков к онлайн-консультированию на фоне пандемии не обнаружено, информации об инновативности психологов недостаточно. Цель: выявить факторы адаптации психологов к интернет-консультированию в условиях пандемии. Основная гипотеза: выраженность инновативных качеств психолога связана с успешностью его адаптации к онлайн-консультированию во время пандемии COVID-19. Дополнительные: успешность адаптации психологов к онлайн-консультированию связана со стажем работы, регионом проживания, модальностью консультирования, положительным отношением к работе из дома. Новизна исследования: анализ факторов адаптации психологов к онлайн-консультированию на фоне пандемии COVID-19.

Методы. Выборка: 312 практикующих психологов из России. Для изучения адаптации и инновативных качеств применялись авторская анкета и «Методика исследования отношения личности к инновациям» (Н. М. Лебедева, А. Н. Татарко). Применены процедуры описательной статистики, критерии хи-квадрат и V Крамера.

Результаты. Психологи показали высокий уровень развития инновативных качеств и средний уровень готовности идти на риск ради успеха. Инновативные качества психолога связаны с успешностью адаптации к онлайн-консультированию. Связи между адаптацией и стажем работы, регионом проживания психолога обнаружено не было. Лучше всего к онлайн-формату адаптировались гештальт-терапевты, хуже – когнитивно-поведенческие психологи; предположение о связи модальности консультирования и адаптации подтвердилось. Положительное отношение к работе из дома в целом было связано с успешной адаптацией психологов. Нравилось работать из дома практикам, у которых не было проблемы с размытием границ «работа – дом».

Обсуждение результатов. Большинство психологов адаптировались к интернет-консультированию во время пандемии COVID-19, в том числе благодаря развитым инновативным качествам, возможностям для комфортной работы из дома, особенностям модальности, в которой они работают. Обсуждены ограничения работы. Даны рекомендации для будущих исследований.
Quantitative Proteomics Reveals SOS2-Related Proteins in Arabidopsis Under
Salt Stress
Authors: Yu Xiang , Zhao Xiaoyun , Yang Yongqing , Li Zhen
Published: April 2021

Background:

Soil salinity is a major issue that seriously affects plant growth and cultivated
land utilization. Salt tolerance is one of the most fundamental biological processes that ensures
plant’s survival. SOS2 is one of the most important components of the Salt Overly Sensitive
(SOS) signaling pathway, which maintains plant ion homeostasis under salt stress. The SOS2-related
signaling pathways remain incompletely exploited especially at the proteomics level.

Objective:

In this paper, proteins potentially interacting with and regulated by SOS2 in Arabidopsis
were identified.

Methods:

The proteomes of Arabidopsis Wild Type (WT) and SOS2-deficient mutant (sos2-2) exposed
to 100 mM NaCl for 6 h were compared, proteins were identified using data-independent acquisition-
based quantitative proteomics strategy.

Results:

A total of 7470 proteins were identified and quantified, 372 Differentially Expressed Proteins
(DEP) were detected between WT and sos2-2 mutant under normal condition and 179 DEPs
were identified under salt treatment. Functional analysis showed that the DEPs were mainly involved
in protein binding and catalytic activity. Among the DEPs under salt stress, the protein expressions
of AVP1, Photosystem II reaction center protein A, B, C, and stress-responsive protein
(KIN2) were significantly up-regulated. LHCA1, LHCA2, LHCA4, ATPD and ATPE were significantly
down-regulated. These proteins were involved in biological processes including: stress response,
photosynthesis, transport and heat shock.

Conclusion:

These results revealed complexity of the functions of SOS2 in maintaining intracellular
homeostasis, in addition to its function in sodium homeostasis. Plant salt resistance is not independent
but closely related to metabolic processes including photosystem, ATP synthase, transport
and other stress resistances.
Lemongrass Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Delayed the Loss of Climbing Ability in Transgenic Drosophila Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Siddique Yasir Hasan , Naz Falaq , Mantasha I. , Shahid M.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is characterized by the aggregation of α-
synuclein, formation of Lewy bodies and the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of mesencephalic
substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) with the debilitating motor symptoms.

Introduction:

The available treatment for PD provides symptomatic relief with no control over the
progression of the disease. The treatment is also associated with several side effects. As neurodegeneration
in PD is also associated with oxidative stress, antioxidants from plants could play an
important role in reducing PD symptoms. With this aim, we decided to study the effect of Lemongrass
extract (LGE) on the transgenic Drosophila model of PD expressing human alpha synuclein
in the neurons.

Methods:

The PD flies were allowed to feed on different doses of LGE established in diet for 24
days and then assayed for climbing ability and oxidative stress markers. The molecular docking
study was also performed for citral (the component of the extract) and human α-synuclein.

Results and discussion:

A dose dependent significant improvement in the climbing ability and
reduction in oxidative stress was observed in the PD flies exposed to LGE. In our earlier study on
LGE, citral was found to be the main component of the extract by GC-MS analysis. The docking
results also support the positive interaction between citral and human α-synuclein.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that LGE is potent in reducing the PD symptoms being mimicked
in transgenic Drosophila.
Gait Design and Analysis of Quadruped Crawling Robot Climbing Over
the Raised Terrain of Slope
Authors: Wang Peng , Dong Renquan , Sun Tiecheng , Tang Qiong
Published: April 2021

Background:

Quadruped crawling robots face challenges when working in the raised terrain
of a slope. The robot is affected by gravity and gait under this terrain. The ground reaction force on its
hind legs is relatively large. This has strict requirements for the structure and gait planning of the quadruped
crawling robot.

Objective:

Aimed at the problem of a large ground reaction force on the rear legs of the quadruped
crawling robot when crawling on the raised terrain of a slope, a slope-triangular gait walking strategy
for quadruped robots based on a layered CGP gait generation method is proposed.

Methods:

Three-dimensional model of the quadruped crawling robot is created in SOLIDWORKS. The
kinematic model is established, and the foot position vector is obtained. Considering the characteristics
of the raised terrain of a slope, slope tripod gait and hierarchical CPG slope tripod gait generator are
proposed. Comparative simulation of sloped tripod gait and flat tripod gait, the slope tripod gait with
and without the gait generator is carried out by Adams programming.

Results:

When the quadruped crawling robot adopts slope tripod gait and flat tripod gait respectively,
the centroid displacement curve, foot speed curve and foot contact force curve are compared. When the
quadruped crawling robot adopts the slope tripod gait and does not adopt the slope tripod gait, the body
posture curves of the two are compared. The result proves that the tripod gait walking strategy is feasible.

Conclusion:

The slope tripod gait walking strategy can improve the impact resistance of the quadruped
crawling robot on sloped high ground. The gait design and motion analysis process of the robot can
provide a reference for other quadruped crawling robot devices.
Research Advances on Passive Knee Joints Rehabilitation Device
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Gao Ziwen , Wu Dianhao , Yu Xiaoyang , Guo Yafeng
Published: April 2021

Background:

After a smooth development of life expectancy per capita and fertility in
the nineteenth century, the global population increased in size. Along with the demographic shift
in the late nineteenth century, the phenomenon of population aging began to appear in developed
countries. A survey from UN reports that by 2050, one in six people worldwide will be over 65
years old (16%), compared to 11 (9%) in 2019. According to another survey, 55% of people over
the age of 60 suffer from joint diseases, and the number of people suffering from stroke, arthritis
and other knee diseases will also increase accordingly.

Objective:

An overview of the classification and characteristics of today's knee rehabilitation devices
and future developments.

Methods:

This review discusses the existing knee rehabilitation devices, including various products
on the market, patents and some conceptual devices, in the context of the structural characteristics
of the knee joint and the rehabilitation requirements of different knee conditions or after knee
arthroplasty, and systematically introduces their structural features, differences and the rehabilitation
effects achieved.

Results:

A comparative analysis of three types of passive knee rehabilitation devices according to
their use was conducted to summarize the typical characteristics. The problems that exist in today's
rehabilitation devices are also analyzed, and their development trends are looked forward to.

Conclusion:

Knee rehabilitation equipment has a high degree of structural richness, but it does not
achieve a good balance of convenience, comfort and functionality, and there should be some room
for improvement in the materials, volume of the power source and transmission form of the power
system. There will be a good development in the future of knee joint recovery.
Strategi Promosi dalam Meningkatkan Brand Awareness melalui Media Sosial Instagram pada Startup Trafeeka Coffee
Authors:   Departemen Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Rahmadhani Ulan , Purnomo Dwi , Pujinto Totok
Published: April 2021

Persaingan bisnis dari waktu ke waktu semakin ketat yang menuntut para pelaku usaha baru (startup) untuk lebih kreatif dalam melakukan inovasi terhadap bisnis yang ingin dirintis dan dikembangkan. Pelaku usaha startup harus bisa menarik minat konsumen terhadap produk ataupun jasa yang ditawarkan. Tantangan dalam memulai sebuah bisnis diantaranya yaitu bagaimana agar produk dapat dikenal oleh masyarakat, hal ini erat kaitannya dengan membangun sebuah merek (brand). Salah satu yang dapat membangun sebuah merek yaitu kesadaran merek (brand awareness), kesadaran merek merupakan kemampuan sebuah merek untuk muncul dalam pikiran konsumen ketika sedang memikirkan suatu kategori produk tertentu. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran merek adalah dengan melakukan kegiatan promosi. Promosi digunakan untuk membujuk masyarakat agar mau membeli produk yang ditawarkan, penggunaan strategi promosi yang tepat dan sesuai dengan pasar akan berpengaruh kepada penjualan produk dan kesadaran merek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran merek dengan melakukan kegiatan promosi pada media sosial Instagram melalui objek penelitian pada startup Trafeeka Coffee. Kegiatan promosi akan difokuskan melalui konten yang akan diunggah pada media sosial Instagram, konten akan dirancang menggunakan pendekatan design thinking sehingga didapatkan rancangan konten yang sesuai dengan keinginan audience. Terdapat lima tahapan design thinking yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu empathize, define, ideate, prototype, dan test. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa Trafeeka Coffee harus terus melakukan perbaikan terhadap kegiatan promosi dan konten Instagram Trafeeka Coffee dalam upaya meningkatkan kesadaran merek ke tingkatan yang lebih tinggi.
Penawaran Cabai Rawit di Kabupaten Kubu Raya
Authors:   1Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak, Theo Herfianus , Kusrini Novira , Oktoriana Shenny
Published: April 2021

Kabupaten Kubu Raya merupakan daerah penghasil komoditas pertanian terpadu salah satunya cabai rawit, akan tetapi harga cabai rawit yang berfluktuasi tidak terlepas dari ketersediaan cabai rawit, yang dimana petani menjadi penentu ketersediaan cabai rawit tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penawaran cabai rawit di tingkat petani dan mengetahui elastisitas penawaran cabai rawit. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif, data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder, penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah dengan pendekatan survei yaitu penelitian yang mengambil sampel dari populasi dan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpulan data primer, penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap penawaran cabai rawit yaitu harga cabai rawit yang diterima petani, biaya input usahatani dan teknologi usahatani sedangkan faktor yang tidak berpengaruh terhadap penawaran cabai rawit adalah, harga cabai besar, harga bawang merah dan kebijakan pemerintah. Elastisitas penawaran terhadap harga cabai rawit bersifat inelastis positif.
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Konsumen Ramah Lingkungan dalam Pembelian Minuman Kemasan di Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Authors:   3Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian-Peternakan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Pramudiastuti Lia , Relawati Rahayu , Sudibyo Rahmad
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK Aktifitas kampus yang cukup padat berdampak pada meningkatnya kebutuhan minuman, sehingga menghasilkan sampah yang cukup banyak. Tujuan penelitian adalah 1) mendeskripsikan sikap civitas akademika terhadap keperdulian lingkungan pasca pembelian minuman kemasan. 2) mendeskripsikan perilaku civitas akademika dalam memilih kemasan minuman. 3) menganalisis pengaruh faktor demografi dan pilihan jenis kemasan terhadap skor ramah lingkungan dalam pemilihan kemasan minuman. Variabel yang digunakan adalah gender, usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan, pilihan jenis kemasan karton, kaleng, botol kaca dan plastik. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa civitas akademika UMM belum semuanya membuang sampah secara terpilah. Kemasan minuman yang banyak dipilih adalah plastik. Pekerjaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap skor ramah lingkungan dalam pemilihan kemasan minuman. Pilihan jenis kemasan karton, kaleng, botol kaca, dan plastik berpengaruh positif terhadap skor ramah lingkungan dalam pemilihan kemasan minuman. Rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) menggalakkan penggunaan botol tumbler bagi seluruh civitas akademika, 2) penambahan tempat sampah terpilah di berbagai tempat di kampus, 3) pengelolaan sampah harus tetap terpilah mulai dari tong sampah, pengangkutan sampai dengan pembuangan akhir.
A User-Centered Chatbot (Wakamola) to Collect Linked Data in Population Networks to Support Studies of Overweight and Obesity Causes: Design and Pilot Study
Authors: Asensio-Cuesta Sabina , Blanes-Selva Vicent , Conejero J Alberto , Frigola Ana , Portolés Manuel G , Merino-Torres Juan Francisco , Rubio Almanza Matilde , Syed-Abdul Shabbir , Li Yu-Chuan (Jack) , Vilar-Mateo Ruth , Fernandez-Luque Luis , García-Gómez Juan M
Published: April 2021

Background

Obesity and overweight are a serious health problem worldwide with multiple and connected causes. Simultaneously, chatbots are becoming increasingly popular as a way to interact with users in mobile health apps.

Objective

This study reports the user-centered design and feasibility study of a chatbot to collect linked data to support the study of individual and social overweight and obesity causes in populations.

Methods

We first studied the users’ needs and gathered users’ graphical preferences through an open survey on 52 wireframes designed by 150 design students; it also included questions about sociodemographics, diet and activity habits, the need for overweight and obesity apps, and desired functionality. We also interviewed an expert panel. We then designed and developed a chatbot. Finally, we conducted a pilot study to test feasibility.

Results

We collected 452 answers to the survey and interviewed 4 specialists. Based on this research, we developed a Telegram chatbot named Wakamola structured in six sections: personal, diet, physical activity, social network, user's status score, and project information. We defined a user's status score as a normalized sum (0-100) of scores about diet (frequency of eating 50 foods), physical activity, BMI, and social network. We performed a pilot to evaluate the chatbot implementation among 85 healthy volunteers. Of 74 participants who completed all sections, we found 8 underweight people (11%), 5 overweight people (7%), and no obesity cases. The mean BMI was 21.4 kg/m2 (normal weight). The most consumed foods were olive oil, milk and derivatives, cereals, vegetables, and fruits. People walked 10 minutes on 5.8 days per week, slept 7.02 hours per day, and were sitting 30.57 hours per week. Moreover, we were able to create a social network with 74 users, 178 relations, and 12 communities.

Conclusions

The Telegram chatbot Wakamola is a feasible tool to collect data from a population about sociodemographics, diet patterns, physical activity, BMI, and specific diseases. Besides, the chatbot allows the connection of users in a social network to study overweight and obesity causes from both individual and social perspectives.