bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sea ice perturbations in aquaplanet simulations: isolating the physical climate responses from model interventions
Authors: England M R , Feldl N , Eisenman I
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive climate model simulations with perturbed sea ice covers have been extensively used to assess the impact of future sea ice loss, suggesting substantial climate changes both in the high latitudes and beyond. However, previous work using an idealized energy balance model calls into question the methods that are used to perturb sea ice cover, demonstrating a consistent overestimate of the surface warming due to sea ice loss, while the large complexity gap between the idealized and comprehensive models makes the implications of this result unclear. To bridge this gap we have performed simulations with a new implementation of the CESM2 model in a slab ocean aquaplanet configuration coupled with thermodynamic sea ice, which is able to capture the realistic seasonal characteristics of polar climate change. Using this model setup, we perform a suite of experiments to systematically quantify the spurious climate responses associated with melting sea ice without a CO2 forcing. We find that using the sea ice ghost flux method overestimates many aspects of the climate response by 10%–20%, including the polar warming, the mini global warming signal and the increase in both precipitation and evaporation. The location of the latitudinal band of heating applied to melt the sea ice relative to the midlatitude jet is important for determining where the midlatitude circulation response is overestimated. This work advances our ability to isolate the true climate response to sea ice loss, and provides a framework for conducting coupled sea ice loss simulations absent the spurious impacts from the addition of artificial heating.
Understanding the opioid syndemic in North Carolina: A novel approach to modeling and identifying factors
Authors: Murphy Eva , Kline David , Egan Kathleen L , Lancaster Kathryn E , Miller William C , Waller Lance A , Hepler Staci A
Published: December 2024

The opioid epidemic is a significant public health challenge in North Carolina, but limited data restrict our understanding of its complexity. Examining trends and relationships among different outcomes believed to reflect opioid misuse provides an alternative perspective to understand the opioid epidemic. We use a Bayesian dynamic spatial factor model to capture the interrelated dynamics within six different county-level outcomes, such as illicit opioid overdose deaths, emergency department visits related to drug overdose, treatment counts for opioid use disorder, patients receiving prescriptions for buprenorphine, and newly diagnosed cases of acute and chronic hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus. We design the factor model to yield meaningful interactions among predefined subsets of these outcomes, causing a departure from the conventional lower triangular structure in the loadings matrix and leading to familiar identifiability issues. To address this challenge, we propose a novel approach that involves decomposing the loadings matrix within a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, allowing us to estimate the loadings and factors uniquely. As a result, we gain a better understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the opioid epidemic in North Carolina.
Renal Function Markers Predicts Extubation Failure in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Borges Rodrigo Cerqueira , Sousa Andrey Wirgues , Rocha Flaubert Luíz , Rocco Isadora Salvador , Lima Vanessa Chaves Barreto Ferreira , de Almeida Samantha Longhi Simões
Published: December 2024

Several studies attempt to identify predictors for weaning and extubation from mechanical ventilation (MV) and none have been shown to be particularly accurate. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate whether markers of renal function may be associated with extubation failure. This retrospective study collected data through electronic medical records for 2 consecutive years. The inclusion criteria were: ≥18 years old and requiring invasive MV for a period of ≥48 hours. Extubation failure was determined when subjects needed to return to invasive MV within 48 hours of the tracheal tube withdrawal. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was assessed according to the KDIGO classification. From a total of 167 subjects, 15% evolved with extubation failure. Lower creatinine clearance and higher fluid balance was observed in the extubation failure group compared to the successful extubation group (42 mL/min vs 100 mL/min, P = 0.01 and 739 mL vs − 189 mL, P = 0.01, respectively). Subjects with AKI are 51% more likely to evolve with extubation failures than those with normal renal function (OR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.6-4.7; P < 0.01). Renal dysfunction was related to the rate of extubation failure. Fluid balance and serum creatinine may be aspects to be considered when making the extubation decision.
Management of Patients Suffering Acute Traumatic Brain Injuries
Authors: Jarrett Anna , Jarrett Alan F. , Estes Ethan R.
Published: December 2024

The objective of this literature review was to examine and summarize knowledge of best practices for the management of patients suffering traumatic brain injury based on studies using a variety of practices to improve outcomes published 2018 - 2021. From a clinical perspective, when a patient suffers an acute traumatic brain injury, providers and clinicians ask themselves and each other, “What else could we do? What could we have tried to improve the outcome with this patient?” Astute clinicians spend ample time reviewing contemporary studies to improve their patients’ outcomes. This project aimed not to find all studies about a specific treatment, but to review all studies about a topic to evaluate the studies for rigor and results to improve bedside patient care in times of crisis. A quality assessment model was used in four domains: design, bias, synthesis, and dissemination with a Quality Assessment Score assigned for each of the four domains. Ten studies met the rigor of the quality assessment evaluation. The highest ranked studies indicate a common theme of prevention of extension of injury.
An Essential Infinitebook for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Preoperative Planning
Authors: Horta Ricardo , Rocha Inês S.C. , Lopes Pedro
Published: December 2024

Background:

Over the past decade, plastic and reconstructive procedures have notably increased, driven by greater accessibility and aesthetic preferences. Despite surgeons’ efforts, patient satisfaction faces challenges due to unrealistic expectations rooted in inadequate knowledge. Preoperative consultations present an opportune moment to address this issue. This study introduces a new approach for preoperative planning: the Infinitebook. Designed to enhance patients’ understanding and satisfaction, it facilitates real-time procedure explanations and helps manage expectations.

Methods:

The Infinitebook, a versatile A5-sized notebook-like resource, aids surgeons in illustrating procedures such as abdominoplasty, liposuction, and breast reconstruction, enhancing patient understanding through real-time interaction, personalized illustrations, and sustainable practices, facilitating improved communication in plastic and reconstructive surgery. A cross-sectional study compared 2 groups: 1 using the Infinitebook-assisted explanation approach and another without. A questionnaire evaluated its impact on patients’ procedural understanding level and satisfaction with the preoperative consultation. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics.

Results:

Participants (n = 46) were systematically sampled and categorized by demographics. Two groups (n = 23 each) received preoperative consultations with and without the Infinitebook. Perceptions on aspects of preoperative consultations were assessed. The Infinitebook received positive feedback, with all participants (100%) recommending it.

Conclusions:

This article introduces the Infinitebook, an environmentally friendly tool enhancing preoperative preparation, patient comprehension, and satisfaction in plastic and reconstructive surgery. It offers a customizable solution with potential for global implementation, with scope for further research. This study lays groundwork for future advancements in preoperative consultations and planning, promoting person-centered healthcare, and integrating new technologies.
The Effects of Su Jok Therapy on Pain, Fatigue, Insomnia, Nausea, and Vomiting Experienced by Patients With Gastrointestinal System Cancer
Authors: Güneş Demet , Karabulutlu Elanur Yılmaz
Published: December 2024

Su Jok therapy is used as an energy-based complementary and alternative method in cancer patients. The study was conducted to determine the effects of Su Jok therapy on pain, fatigue, insomnia, nausea, and vomiting experienced by patients with gastrointestinal cancer. This randomized controlled trial was conducted with 48 patients. Data were collected by the researcher by using an introductory information form, the short form McGill pain questionnaire, the cancer fatigue scale, the insomnia severity index, the Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting, and retching, and the visual analog scale. It was found that, after the application of Su Jok seed treatment, there was a significant decrease in the mean scores of the intervention group on the McGill pain scale, the cancer fatigue scale, the insomnia severity index, and the Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting, Su Jok therapy was effective in reducing the pain, fatigue, insomnia, nausea, and vomiting scores of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
Oxidative stress in gut TH17 cells makes mice susceptible to bacterial infection
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Simon , Finlay David K.
Published: December 2024

A recent paper published in Cell Metabolism in August 2024 by Dirk Brenner’s laboratory highlights the importance of effectively managing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in gut TH17 T cells for minimizing the damage caused by intestinal bacterial infection. This commentary will discuss the control of cellular ROS by glutathione and the emerging understanding that neutralizing ROS in immune cells is essential for the individualized functions of different immune subsets. In the case of this study, managing ROS within TH17 cells in the gut was shown to be essential to sustain the production of IL22 cytokine to maintain gut homeostasis in response to bacterial infection.
Association Between Male Menopause Severity and Presenteeism: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Beppu Hiroki , Okawara Makoto , Yamashita Satoshi , Tateishi Seiichiro , Horie Shigeo , Yasui Toshiyuki , Fujino Yoshihisa
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study explored the association between symptoms of male menopause and presenteeism among middle-aged men in Japan.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 3,795 men aged 40 to 59 years who were in current employment in Japan. Male menopause symptoms were assessed using the Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale. Presenteeism was measured with the Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun). Poisson regression analysis was conducted.

Results

The prevalence of presenteeism increased with increasing total AMS scale score (p for trend <0.001). Severe AMS scale group showed prevalence ratio of 11.81 (95% confidence interval: 9.45-14.74) compared to no symptoms group. Each subscale demonstrated a dose-response relationship when evaluated independently.

Conclusions

We identified a strong association between male menopause symptoms and presenteeism. Addressing these symptoms, particularly the psychological and physical symptoms, in the workplace could reduce presenteeism.
Application of pulmonary ultrasound for respiratory failure in intensive care unit
Authors: Deschamps Jean , Alenazy Hameid , Girard Martin
Published: December 2024

This review is part of a series of articles on the use of ultrasound in the intensive care unit. This review aims to demonstrate the most up-to-date ultrasound applications relevant to respiratory failure assessment and management in the intensive care unit. Pulmonary ultrasound encompasses pleural, parenchymal, and respiratory muscle ultrasound. It can be used at every stage of a patient’s course, including assessment of undifferentiated respiratory failure, disease-specific measurements and manipulations, respiratory muscle function assessment, lung and diaphragmatic protective ventilation, and liberation from mechanical ventilation. Multiple protocols and conceptual frameworks have been designed to assist the evaluation and management of undifferentiated patients. Disease states for which there is specific evidence include acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, bacterial pneumonia, and respiratory muscle dysfunction. Extensive outcome data supports the routine use of lung ultrasound in each situation. Pulmonary ultrasound has a large body of evidence supporting its widespread adoption within intensive care units. It represents the most versatile, non-invasive tool available for respiratory failure management.
A “Mismatched” connection: a rare case of indirect or dural carotid-cavernous fistula: a case based review
Authors: Jain Ruchit , Jagdhane Nitin , Deshmukh Sameer , Priola Stefano M. , Chavda Vishal , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: December 2024

Introduction and importance:

A carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is an abnormal connection between the internal or external carotid artery and the venous system of the cavernous sinus. It represents a rare entity, and it is often misdiagnosed due to its overlapping symptoms with other conditions such as cavernous sinus thrombosis or orbital inflammation. Cerebral angiography continues to be the gold standard for diagnosis and surgical planning in patients with CCF, and the endovascular trans-venous approach still represents the primary line of treatment. Trans-arterial technique has become an excellent treatment option since the advent of embolic agents.

Case presentation:

Here, the authors report the case of a 42-year-old male with a one-week history of impaired visual acuity, bilateral eye edema, eye redness, and ophthalmoplegia. A neuro-ophthalmological examination found proptosis, conjunctival chemosis, and sclera injection. Examination using MR venography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed an abnormal connection between the meningeal branch of the ICA, the ECA, and the cavernous sinus. The patient received endovascular treatment with Onyx injection into the facial vein with thrombosis of the anterior cavernous sinus. The patient presented an uneventful postoperative period and was symptoms-free on postoperative day 1.

Clinical discussion:

CCF are rare and challenging conditions that require a multidisciplinary approach.

Conclusion:

The endovascular treatment represents the gold standard and usually allows an effective interruption of the abnormal vascular connection with an almost immediate resolution of the preoperative signs and symptoms.
Use of Emergency Telemedicine Physicians for Telephone Triage Disposition of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Cain Meghan R. , Iliff Benjamin W. , Russi Christopher S. , Mullan Aidan F. , Campbell Ronna L.
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

Telemedicine is a growing field, with limited data around its utility supporting pediatric emergency care telephone triage. We instituted telemedicine physician support for nurse telephone triage decisions. When the nursing protocols recommended urgent or emergent care, a telemedicine physician reviewed and modified care urgency if appropriate. Our primary study objectives were to evaluate the proportion of patients who were downgraded to less urgent care and assess for potential harm related to the downgrade in care urgency.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of pediatric telephone calls to the Mayo Clinic Health System nurse triage line that were directed to the emergency department telemedicine physician from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. Electronic medical records of patients whose care urgency was downgraded and presented to medical care within 72 hours of the triage call were reviewed.

Results:

There were 8559 nurse line calls regarding pediatric patients, 882 of which were referred to the telemedicine physician. Among these, 396/882 (44.9%, 95% confidence interval 41.6–48.3) were downgraded. Of downgraded cases, 198 (50.0%) patients sought care within 72 hours of the original call, of which 193 (97.5%) patients were discharged home from that medical visit and 5 (2.5%) patients required admission. No patients were determined to have suffered harm due to the downgrade of visit urgency.

Conclusions:

Our data suggests that telemedicine physicians can safely downgrade nurse triage care recommendations for pediatric patients. Most downgraded patients sought outpatient care, avoiding unnecessary utilization of the emergency department without evidence of associated harm.
Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Hydrodissection with Various Volumes of 5% Dextrose for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Trial
Authors: EYVAZ Nuran , ADAR Sevda , AKÇİN Ali İzzet , DÜNDAR Ümit , TOKTAŞ Hasan , EROĞLU Selma
Published: December 2024

Objective

Ideal volume of 5% dextrose (D5W) for median nerve hydrodissection (HD) for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is still unknown. This study assessed the efficacy of nerve hydrodissection using varying volumes of D5W for treating mild to moderate CTS.

Design

Eighty participants with unilateral mild to moderate CTS were randomized into groups to receive either 5 ml of normal saline (NS), 5 ml of D5W, 10 ml of NS, and 10 ml of D5W, with each group undergoing one session of ultrasound-guided HD. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ), grip and pinch strength, cross-sectional area (CSA) of median nerve, and electrophysiological assessment were performed at baseline and weeks 4 and 12.

Results

In the 10 ml D5W group, VAS scores considerably improved compared with those in the NS groups. Although nerve CSA values decreased in all groups during follow-ups, the 10 mL D5W group showed a statistically significant improvement compared to the NS groups by the 12th week (p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusion

Ultrasound-guided median nerve HD with 10 ml D5W was more effective in reducing pain and nerve size than the NS groups at the 12th week.
Differences in emotion recognition between nonimmersive versus immersive virtual reality: preliminary findings in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Scala Mauro , Sánchez-Reolid Daniel , Sánchez-Reolid Roberto , Fernández-Sotos Patricia , Romero-Ferreiro Verónica , Alvarez-Mon Miguel Ángel , Lahera Guillermo , Fanelli Giuseppe , Serretti Alessandro , Fabbri Chiara , Fernández-Caballero Antonio , Rodriguez-Jimenez Roberto
Published: December 2024

Deficits in social cognition may impair emotional processing and facial emotional recognition (FER) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia. FER is generally explored using photographs or images of static faces that do not fully capture the complexity of real-life facial stimuli. To overcome this limitation, we developed a set of dynamic virtual faces depicting six basic emotions (i.e. happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise) and a neutral expression suitable for presentation in immersive and nonimmersive virtual realities. This study presents preliminary findings on the differences in FER accuracy from a frontal view between immersive and nonimmersive virtual realities among patients experiencing a relapse of schizophrenia (n = 10), a manic phase of BD (n = 10), and a group of healthy controls (HCs) (n = 10). As a secondary objective, we compare the FER accuracy across these three groups. Patients with schizophrenia and BD showed similar accuracy in recognizing emotions in immersive and nonimmersive virtual reality settings. However, patients with schizophrenia exhibited lower FER accuracy than HCs in both settings. Individuals with BD showed intermediate accuracy between those with schizophrenia and HCs, although these differences were not statistically significant. Notably, recognition of negative emotions was significantly impaired in both groups of patients.
Optimizing brain protection after cardiac arrest: advanced strategies and best practices
Authors: Iavarone Ida Giorgia , Donadello Katia , Cammarota Giammaria , D’Agostino Fausto , Pellis Tommaso , Roman-Pognuz Erik , Sandroni Claudio , Semeraro Federico , Sekhon Mypinder , Rocco Patricia R. M. , Robba Chiara
Published: December 2024

Cardiac arrest (CA) is associated with high incidence and mortality rates. Among patients who survive the acute phase, brain injury stands out as a primary cause of death or disability. Effective intensive care management, including targeted temperature management, seizure treatment and maintenance of normal physiological parameters, plays a crucial role in improving survival and neurological outcomes. Current guidelines advocate for neuroprotective strategies to mitigate secondary brain injury following CA, although certain treatments remain subjects of debate. Clinical examination and neuroimaging studies, both invasive and non-invasive neuromonitoring methods and serum biomarkers are valuable tools for predicting outcomes in comatose resuscitated patients. Neuromonitoring, in particular, provides vital insights for identifying complications, personalizing treatment approaches and forecasting prognosis in patients with brain injury post-CA. In this review, we offer an overview of advanced strategies and best practices aimed at optimizing brain protection after CA.
Elevated brain pulsations in depression: insights from a pooled ultrasound cohort study
Authors: Couvreur Ugoline , Gallet Quentin , Campion Jacques-Yves , Brizard Bruno , Réméniéras Jean-Pierre , Gissot Valérie , El-Hage Wissam , Camus Vincent , Gohier Bénédicte , Desmidt Thomas
Published: December 2024

Excessive brain tissue pulsations (BTP), measured by ultrasound, have been associated with depression and are hypothesized to contribute to brain damage in this population at risk for cerebrovascular lesions. However, previous research has been limited by small sample sizes. To address this issue, our study pooled data from three separate investigations, resulting in the largest cohort of depressed participants with BTP measurements to date. We analysed 123 participants (74 individuals with depression and 49 healthy controls) using ultrasound tissue pulsatility imaging (TPI) to assess resting BTP. Results showed that both MeanBTP and MaxBTP were significantly associated with depression, as determined by multiple linear regression models that included age, sex and blood pressure as covariates. Additionally, we found that age, sex and diastolic blood pressure were significant predictors of BTP. Specifically, BTP decreased with age, was higher in men, and was more strongly predicted by diastolic blood pressure than by systolic blood pressure. In this large cohort, we replicated the association between depression and increased BTP, supporting the notion that elevated BTP may be a potential mechanism underlying brain damage over time. Our findings suggest that TPI could serve as a valuable surrogate marker for brain health in clinical practice.
Walking behavior induced by
PT
-symmetry breaking in a non-Hermitian
XY
model with clock anisotropy
Authors: Naichuk Eduard , van den Brink Jeroen , Nogueira Flavio S.
Published: December 2024

A quantum system governed by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian may exhibit zero-temperature phase transitions that are driven by interactions, just as its Hermitian counterpart, raising the fundamental question of how non-Hermiticity affects quantum criticality. In this context, we consider a non-Hermitian system consisting of an XY model with a complex-valued four-state clock interaction that may or may not have parity-time-reversal (PT) symmetry. When the PT symmetry is broken, and time-evolution becomes nonunitary, a scaling behavior similar to the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition ensues, but in a highly unconventional way, as the line of fixed points is absent. From the analysis of the d-dimensional renormalization group equations, we obtain that the unconventional behavior in the PT broken regime follows from the collision of two fixed points in the d→2 limit, leading to walking behavior or pseudocriticality. For d=2+1 the near critical behavior is characterized by a correlation length exponent ν=3/8, a value smaller than the mean-field one. These results are in sharp contrast with the PT-symmetric case where only one fixed point arises for 2<d<4 and in d=1+1 three lines of fixed points occur with a continuously varying critical exponent

ν

.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
νμ
and
ντ
elastic scattering in Borexino
Authors: Kelly Kevin J. , Mishra Nityasa , Rai Mudit , Strigari Louis E.
Published: December 2024

We perform a detailed study of neutrino-electron elastic scattering using the monoenergetic Be7 neutrinos in Borexino, with an emphasis on exploring the differences between the contributions of νe, νμ, and ντ. We find that current data are capable of measuring these components such that the contributions from νμ and ντ cannot be zero, although distinguishing between them is challenging—the differences stemming from Standard Model radiative corrections are insufficient without significantly more precise measurements. In studying these components, we compare predicted neutrino-electron scattering event rates within the Standard Model (accounting for neutrino oscillations), as well as going beyond the Standard Model in two ways. We allow for nonunitary evolution to modify neutrino oscillations, and find that with a larger exposure (∼30x), Borexino may provide relevant information for constraining nonunitarity, and that JUNO may be able to accomplish this with its data collection of

Be

7

neutrinos. We also consider novel νμ- and ντ-electron scattering from a gauged U(1)Lμ−Lτ model, showing consistency with previous analyses of Borexino and this scenario, but also demonstrating the impact of uncertainties on Standard Model mixing parameters on these results.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Invariance transformations in wave-optics lensing: Implications for gravitational-wave astrophysics and cosmology
Authors: Chen Anson , Cremonese Paolo , Ezquiaga Jose María , Keitel David
Published: December 2024

Gravitational lensing offers unique opportunities to learn about the astrophysical origin of distant sources, the abundance of intervening objects acting as lenses, and gravity and cosmology in general. However, all this information can only be retrieved as long as one can disentangle each effect from the finite number of observables. In the geometric optics regime, typical of electromagnetic radiation, when the wavelength of the lensed signal is small compared to the size of the lens, there are invariance transformations that change the mass of the lens and the source-lens configuration but leave the observables unchanged. Neglecting this “mass-sheet degeneracy” can lead to biased lens parameters or unrealistic low uncertainties, which could then transfer to an incorrect cosmography study. This might be different for gravitational waves as their long wavelengths can be comparable to the lens size and lensing enters into the wave-optics limit. We explore the existence of invariance transformations in the wave-optics regime of gravitational-wave lensing, extending previous work and examining the implications for astrophysical and cosmological studies. We study these invariance transformations using three different methods of increasing level of complexity: template mismatch, Fisher Matrix, and Bayesian parameter estimation. We find that, for a sufficiently loud signal, the degeneracy is partially broken and the lens and cosmological parameters, e.g. H0, can be retrieved independently and unbiased. In current ground-based detectors, though, considering also population studies, a strong constraint on these parameters seems quite remote and the prevailing degeneracy implies a larger uncertainty in the lens model reconstruction. However, with better sensitivity of the third-generation ground-based detectors, a meaningful constraint on H0 is possible to obtain.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Cooperative sequential adsorption of monomers on a square lattice in the presence of repulsive interactions between near neighbors
Authors: Lebovka Nikolai , Cieśla Michał , Petryk Mykhaylo , Vygornitskii Nikolai
Published: December 2024

The modified model with repulsive filling (CSAr) for adsorption of monomers on a square lattice was studied. The deposition probability at empty sites P was regulated using the power law P=1−(z/4)α, where z is the number of NN sites filled by previously deposited particles and α(>0) is a parameter. The interval of α=10−3−103 was investigated in detail. The mean coordination number 〈z〉 at different values of α were analyzed. At relatively small α(<0.01) the steplike coverage φ(t) time dependencies were observed. The behavior was explained by accounting for the initial formation of the deposits with the checkerboard structures, followed by the filling of the channels between these structures and the formation of more compact clusters. Detailed analysis of the behavior of the total coverage φJ(α) and mean coordination number 〈zJ(α)〉 in the jamming state was performed. The different percolation characteristics were also evaluated. At the percolation point the coverage function φp(α) revealed rather unexpected behavior with maximum at α≈0.2.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Two-Loop Quarkonium Hamiltonian in Nonannihilation Channel
Authors: Mishima Go , Sumino Yukinari , Takaura Hiromasa
Published: December 2024

We calculate the two-loop heavy quarkonium Hamiltonian within potential-nonrelativistic-QCD effective field theory in the nonannihilation channel. This calculation represents the first nontrivial step toward determining the N4LO Hamiltonian in the weak coupling regime. The large amount of computation is systematically handled by employing the β expansion, differential equations for master integrals, and adopting a single-step matching procedure, in contrast to the conventional two-step approach.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum Frequency Combs with Path Identity for Quantum Remote Sensing
Authors: Dalvit D. A. R. , Volkoff T. J. , Choi Y.-S. , Azad A. K. , Chen H.-T. , Milonni P. W.
Published: December 2024

Quantum sensing promises to revolutionize sensing applications by employing quantum states of light or matter as sensing probes. Photons are the clear choice as quantum probes for remote sensing because they can travel to and interact with a distant target. Existing schemes are mainly based on the quantum illumination framework, which requires quantum memory to store a single photon of an initially entangled pair until its twin reflects off a target and returns for final correlation measurements. Existing demonstrations are limited to tabletop experiments, and expanding the sensing range faces various roadblocks, including long-time quantum storage and photon loss and noise when transmitting quantum signals over long distances. We propose a novel quantum sensing framework that addresses these challenges using quantum frequency combs with path identity for remote sensing of signatures (“qCOMBPASS”). The combination of one key quantum phenomenon and two quantum resources—namely, quantum-induced coherence by path identity, quantum frequency combs, and two-mode squeezed light—allows for quantum remote sensing without requiring quantum memory. The proposed scheme is akin to a quantum radar based on entangled frequency-comb pairs that uses path identity to detect, range, or sense a remote target of interest by measuring pulses of one comb in the pair that never traveled to the target but that contains target information “teleported” by quantum-induced coherence by path identity from the other comb in the pair that traveled to the target but is not detected. We develop the basic qCOMBPASS theory, analyze the properties of the qCOMBPASS transceiver, and introduce the qCOMBPASS equation—a quantum analog of the well-known LIDAR equation in classical remote sensing. We also describe an experimental scheme to demonstrate the concept using two-mode squeezed quantum combs. qCOMBPASS can strongly impact various applications in remote quantum sensing, imaging, metrology, and communications. These applications include detection and ranging of low-reflectivity objects, measurement of small displacements of a remote target with precision beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL), standoff hyperspectral quantum imaging, discreet surveillance from space with low detection probability (detect without being detected), very-long-baseline interferometry, quantum Doppler sensing, quantum clock synchronization, and networks of distributed quantum sensors.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Hilbert-Space Ergodicity in Driven Quantum Systems: Obstructions and Designs
Authors: Pilatowsky-Cameo Saúl , Marvian Iman , Choi Soonwon , Ho Wen Wei
Published: December 2024

Despite its long history, a canonical formulation of quantum ergodicity that applies to general classes of quantum dynamics, including driven systems, has not been fully established. Here we introduce and study a notion of quantum ergodicity for closed systems with time-dependent Hamiltonians, defined as statistical randomness exhibited in their longtime dynamics. Concretely, we consider the temporal ensemble of quantum states (time-evolution operators) generated by the evolution, and investigate the conditions necessary for them to be statistically indistinguishable from uniformly random states (operators) in the Hilbert space (space of unitaries). We find that the number of driving frequencies underlying the Hamiltonian needs to be sufficiently large for this to occur. Conversely, we show that statistical —indistinguishability up to some large but finite moment—can already be achieved by a quantum system driven with a single frequency, i.e., a Floquet system, as long as the driving period is sufficiently long. Our work relates the complexity of a time-dependent Hamiltonian and that of the resulting quantum dynamics, and offers a fresh perspective to the established topics of quantum ergodicity and chaos from the lens of quantum information.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
SiC free-standing membrane for X-ray intensity monitoring in synchrotron radiation beamlines
Authors: Trovato Gabriele , De Napoli Marzio , Gollwitzer Christian , Finizio Simone , Krumrey Michael , La Via Francesco , Lanzanò Luca , Milluzzo Giuliana , Moscato Samuele , Müller Matthias , Romano Francesco , Ferreira Sanchez Dario , Camarda Massimo
Published: December 2024

For many synchrotron radiation experiments, it is critical to perform continuous, real-time monitoring of the X-ray flux for normalization and stabilization purposes. Traditional transmission-mode monitors included metal mesh foils and ionization chambers, which suffered from low signal stability and size constraints. Solid-state detectors are now considered superior alternatives for many applications, offering appealing features like compactness and signal stability. However, silicon-based detectors suffer from poor radiation resistance, and diamond detectors are limited in scalability and are expensive to produce. Silicon carbide (SiC) has recently emerged as an alternative to both materials, offering a high-quality mature semiconductor with high thermal conductivity and radiation hardness. This study focuses on a systematic exploration of the SiC `free-standing membrane' devices developed by SenSiC GmbH. In particular, we performed in-depth sensor-response analysis with photon energies ranging from tender (1.75 keV) to hard (10 keV) X-rays at the Four-Crystal Monochromator beamline in the PTB laboratory at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II, studying uniformity of transmission and responsivity compared with the state-of-the-art beam monitors. Furthermore, we theoretically evaluated the expected signal in different regions of the sensors, also taking into account the effect of charge diffusion from the SiC substrate in the case of the not-carved region.
FOMO driving brand nostalgia and brand personality for building trust in a food enthusiast: a serial multiple mediation model
Authors: Verma Pranay
Published: December 2024

Purpose

During the pandemic, restaurants closed due to restrictions and economic instabilities. This research paper aims to investigate the motivational effect of nostalgia induced by fear of missing out (FOMO) upon the e-WOM about the dining place. Did FOMO evoke nostalgic memories and emotional symptoms with the dining place? It further inspected if the diners trust the restaurant for these nostalgic memories and their emotional connect.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey-based questionnaire was applied to collect data. A two-step method for analyzing the measurement and structural model was applied by using the principles of SEM to analyze the associations among key constructs in the proposed model.

Findings

Psychological constructs like nostalgia and personality drove the diners’ behavior of trust and e-WOM. The findings also confirmed the mediation effect of brand nostalgia, brand personality and brand trust between FOMO and e-WOM. Further, the model has elucidated the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and usage gratification theories.

Originality/value

This paper has contributed to the branding literature by examining how brand constructs have mediated the path between FOMO and e-WOM. Multiple serial mediation effect among the key variables has been a novel contribution of this study. The ELM and the usage gratification theory have been integrated to extend the theoretical underpinnings in the hospitality sector.
Process quality matters: investigating the inherent characteristics of quality and performance in digital, physical and omnichannel services
Authors: Walke Fabian , Winkler Till J.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In the literature, quality and performance have primarily been analyzed at a micro level, particularly within individual service channels. This study aims to explore the meta-level differences between service channels in terms of quality relevance and performance in service organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

Quality relevance was measured using meta-level quality factors from the TIHPS framework and assessed by their impact on the performance of service organizations while exploring differences between digital, physical and omnichannel services through a partial least squares structural equation model.

Findings

This exploratory study reveals the high relevance of process quality on performance in physical, digital and omnichannel services. Notably, the transition from physical or digital services to an omnichannel service amplifies the importance of process quality. This finding aligns with the theoretical understanding of the relevance of process quality in service organizations. Furthermore, the study shows that quality relevance and performance vary significantly depending on the service channel.

Practical implications

Service providers should prioritize lean and efficient processes in omnichannel services. The outcome of an omnichannel service is significantly influenced by the quality of employees’ work, emphasizing the essential nature of employee training in omnichannel services. Digital services should focus on the quality of technologies, and information quality should be given particularly high priority in physical services.

Originality/value

The meta-level differences between service channels in terms of inherent quality and performance characteristics have not yet been explored in the literature. This paper addresses this research gap.
Building a framework for dynamic organisational capabilities in design for safety (DfS) for Malaysian construction organisations
Authors: Che Ibrahim Che Khairil Izam , Manu Patrick , Cheung Clara , Guo Brian H.W. , Agyekum Kofi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Despite the growing construction subject of Design for Safety (DfS) in Malaysia, little effort has been made to understand the construction organisational DfS capability in a dynamic environment. This study aims to propose a framework for dynamic DfS capabilities for construction organisations in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research methodology was used for this study. Data were gathered from three hundred and six (306) practitioners from diverse construction organisations, including government agencies, consultants, contractors and developers in Malaysia, using an online questionnaire survey during four online DfS webinars. Descriptive and inferential analysis, as well as content analysis techniques, were used to analyse the collected data.

Findings

Analysis of the survey data showed that all six key DfS organisational capability elements identified in the literature, which the respondents were required to assess, have a strong influence on determining the DfS capabilities of construction organisations. The elements ranked as most influential include DfS knowledge of the designer; DfS experience of the designer; Top management’s commitment to DfS; Design risk management; and Project review. Based on these findings, a framework for dynamic DfS organisational capabilities is proposed. This framework incorporates four essential capabilities – sensing, learning, integrating and coordinating – and is anchored by the aforementioned six key elements as foundational to deriving value from DfS practices.

Practical implications

The proposed DfS organisational capabilities framework will facilitate construction organisations’ focus on the dynamic environment while striving for successful DfS practice in construction projects.

Originality/value

This study extends the DfS literature in the construction context by providing deeper insights into the conceptualisation of dynamic DfS organisational capabilities where DfS regulatory framework is still evolving. This study also highlights organisations’ importance in perceiving and prioritising their abilities to sense changes, learn and internalise new competencies, integrate resources and coordinate activities, reflecting their unique strategic focuses and operational needs toward DfS practice.
Decoding ethnic food selection at religious tourism sites: exploring self­congruity and the influence of social media celebrities’ intimate selfdisclosure
Authors: Ajina Ahmad S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the effect of symbolic and functional congruity on pilgrims’ intention to buy ethnic food which leads toward behavior in the religious tourism context. Moreover, the moderating effect of social media celebrities’ intimate disclosures (SMCs-ISD) on the association between intention and behavior is also tested.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted to collect data, and 443 participants provided valid responses. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that actual and ideal self-image significantly influence the symbolic congruence whereas quality, health and price are significantly associated with functional congruence. In addition, symbolic and functional congruence is significantly related to pilgrims’ intention to use ethnic food which in turn influences their behavior. Moreover, the moderating effect of SMCs-ISD is also found significant.

Originality/value

Grounded in self-congruity theory, this study explores the impact of functional and symbolic congruity on pilgrims’ intentions to buy ethnic food in religious tourism. It addresses the intention-behavior gap by examining the moderating effect of SMCs-ISD through the lens of parasocial relationship theory. This dual theoretical approach offers new insights into how self-congruity and social media influence shape consumer behavior in this unique context.
Returning home: entrepreneurial intention among rural college students
Authors: Li Haibo , Li Haitao , Xiang Hao
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the purpose of this study is to provide a well-supported explanation of how rural college students (RCS)’ entrepreneurial learning experiences (ELE) affect their returning home entrepreneurial intention (RHEI) through the three antecedents of TPB (Personal attitudes, PA; Subjective norms, SN and Perceived behavioral control, PBC).

Design/methodology/approach

An extension of the TPB was proposed, including the additional constructs of entrepreneurial learning experiences(ELE). Data were collected from a sample of 986 rural college students from ten universities and colleges located in China using a survey questionnaire. SEM was used to test the hypotheses and the relationships between variables.

Findings

RCS’ ELE significantly and positively influences the formation of their RHEI through the mediating effect of PBC. In addition, the three antecedents of TPB have direct and significant impact on RHEI, and PA, PBC indirectly mediate the relation between SN and RHEI.

Practical implications

The results of this study have implications for entrepreneurship educators and policymakers by promoting RCS’ RHEI through optimize the content and methods of entrepreneurship education from the perspective of students learning, and strengthening publicity for rural entrepreneurship, increase support for returning home entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

The role of ELE in forming RCS' RHEI has been underestimated by previous studies. This study combines the push-pull theory with TPB to explore the formation mechanism of RCS’ RHEI, and helps to understand the role of ELE in shaping RHEI through the development of an extended TPB intention-based model.
Attitude towards surrogate advertising on social media platforms
Authors: Rishi Bikramjit , Shiva Atul , Piplani Lakshay
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The paper applies the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to investigate how surrogate advertising on social media platforms influences consumer attitudes towards alcohol products. Additionally, it explores the moderating effect of consumer scepticism on these attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey of 304 consumers was conducted to test the hypotheses using variance-based structural equation modelling (VB-SEM). Slope analysis was used to examine interaction moderation effects, while importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) identified key dimensions influencing alcohol purchasing behaviour.

Findings

The findings revealed that subjective norms and behavioural intentions significantly influence alcohol purchasing behaviour in the context of surrogate advertising on social media. The results suggest that advertisers should focus on themes of collective consumption, camaraderie and togetherness in their social media advertising content to enhance sale outcomes.

Originality/value

Research on surrogate advertising on social media platforms, particularly in shaping attitudes towards alcohol products, remains limited. This study addresses this gap, offering marketers critical insights into performance-based variables that can help them develop more effective marketing strategies.