bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Selection of TraineE for Neurointervention (FASTEN)
Authors: Elfil Mohamed , Morsi Rami Z. , Ghozy Sherief , Elmashad Ahmed , Siddiqui Adnan , Al-Bayati Alhamza R. , Alaraj Ali , Brook Allan , Kam Anthony W. , Chatterjee Arindam Rano , Patsalides Athos , Waldau Ben , Prestigiacomo Charles J. , Matouk Charles , Schirmer Clemens M. , Altschul David , Parrella David T. , Toth Gabor , Jindal Gaurav , Shaikh Hamza A. , Dolia Jaydevsinh N. , Fifi Johanna T. , Fraser Justin F. , DO Justin Thomas , Amuluru Krishna , Kim Louis J. , Harrigan Mark , Amans Matthew R. , Kole Max , Mokin Max , Abraham Michael , Jumaa Mouhammad , Janjua Nazli , Zaidat. Osama , Youssef Patrick P. , Khandelwal Priyank , Wang Qingliang Tony , Grandhi Ramesh , Hanel Ricardo , Kellogg Ryan T. , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Sheth Sunil , Nguyen Thanh N. , Szeder Viktor , Hu Yin C. , Yoo Albert J. , Tanweer Omar , Jankowitz Brian , Heit Jeremy J. , Williamson Richard , Kass-Hout Tareq , Crowley Richard W. , El-Ghanem Mohammad , Al-Mufti Fawaz
Published: February 2024

Background and importance

Neurointervention is a very competitive specialty in the United States due to the limited number of training spots and the larger pool of applicants. The training standards are continuously updated to ensure solid training experiences. Factors affecting candidate(s) selection have not been fully established yet. Our study aims to investigate the factors influencing the selection process.

Methods

A 52-question survey was distributed to 93 program directors (PDs). The survey consisted of six categories: (a) Program characteristics, (b) Candidate demographics, (c) Educational credentials, (d) Personal traits, (e) Research and extracurricular activities, and (f) Overall final set of characteristics. The response rate was 59.1%. As per the programs’ characteristics, neurosurgery was the most involved specialty in running the training programs (69%). Regarding demographics, the need for visa sponsorship held the greatest prominence with a mean score of 5.9 [standard deviation (SD) 2.9]. For the educational credentials, being a graduate from a neurosurgical residency and the institution where the candidate's residency training is/was scored the highest [5.4 (SD = 2.9), 5.4 (SD = 2.5), respectively]. Regarding the personal traits, assessment by faculty members achieved the highest score [8.9 (SD = 1)]. In terms of research/extracurricular activities, fluency in English had the highest score [7.2 (SD = 1.9)] followed by peer-reviewed/PubMed-indexed publications [6.4 (SD = 2.2)].

Conclusion

Our survey investigated the factors influencing the final decision when choosing the future neurointerventional trainee, including demographic, educational, research, and extracurricular activities, which might serve as valuable guidance for both applicants and programs to refine the selection process.
Ophthalmic artery stenosis on three-dimensional rotational angiography: Interrater agreement, prevalence, and risk factors
Authors: Diprose William K , Wang Michael T. M. , Reidy Joseph , Ma Alice , Brodie James , Steinfort Brendan
Published: February 2024

Background

There is emerging interest in ophthalmic artery (OA) stenosis angioplasty for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA) could be used during conventional angiography to determine the presence and severity of OA stenosis. In patients who had undergone 3DRA of the internal carotid artery, we aimed to assess the interrater agreement, prevalence, and risk factors for OA stenosis.

Methods

Consecutive patients from two centers who had undergone conventional angiography with 3DRA of the internal carotid arteries were enrolled in this study. 3DRAs were independently double read for the presence of OA stenosis, as defined as narrowing of the proximal OA of at least 50% when compared to the more distal “normal” OA. Interrater agreement for the evaluation of OA stenosis was assessed with the Cohen's kappa coefficient. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify potential predictors of OA stenosis.

Results

Three hundred and two patients (97 men; mean ± SD 57.6 ± 13.4 years) were included in the analysis. Cohen's kappa coefficient (95% CI) was 0.877 (0.798–0.956). OA stenosis was present in 45 patients (14.9%). Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–6.09, p = 0.02) and smoking (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.10–4.06, p = 0.03) were significant risk factors for OA stenosis. Age, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and subarachnoid hemorrhage were not associated with OA stenosis.

Conclusion

The evaluation of OA stenosis on 3DRA had excellent interrater agreement. OA stenosis was common and was associated with smoking and female sex.
Utilization and reimbursement of diagnostic cerebral angiograms: A Medicare trends analysis from 2013 to 2020
Authors: Gajjar Avi A , Covell Michael M , Muhammad Najib , Kuo Cathleen , Sioutas Georgios S , Salem Mohamed M , Fras Sebastian Ivan , Jankowitz Brian T , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Srinivasan Visish M
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Increasing life expectancy has caused growing concern about maintaining viable neurointerventional practices due to altered Medicare payment structures. This study analyzes the financial trends of three common diagnostic tests for cerebrovascular disease: cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Methods

Medicare Part B National Summary Data files from 2013 to 2020 were queried by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for DSA (36221–36228), CTA (70496, 70498), and MRA (70544–70547, 70549). Inflation-adjusted charges and reimbursement were calculated using the U.S. City Average Consumer Price Index for Medical Services. Regression analysis was performed on charges, reimbursement, and volume.

Results

A total of 1,519,245 diagnostic procedures were conducted between 2013 and 2020 (782,370 angiograms, 246,603 CTAs, and 490,272 MRAs). A total of $41.005 million was reimbursed by Medicare in 2020 for these diagnostic procedures. The annual percent change in volume for all procedures was −2.90%. From 2013 to 2020, inflation-adjusted: Medicare total physician reimbursement decreased for cerebral angiograms (−4.12%, p = 0.007), CTAs (−2.77%, p = 0.458), and MRAs (−9.06%, p < 0.001). Procedural volume billed to Medicare decreased for cerebral angiograms (−4.63%, p = 0.007) and MRAs (−2.94%, p = 0.0.81) and increased for CTAs (+3.15%, p = 0.004). The greatest increase in Medicare reimbursement (+66.75%) came from CPT code 36224, “place catheter carotid artery”, and the greatest decrease in Medicare reimbursement (−8.66%) came from CPT code 36226, “place catheter vertebral artery.”

Conclusions

This study provides an analysis of Medicare reimbursement trends for routine cerebrovascular angiogram techniques. The findings highlight a decline in Medicare reimbursements for neurointerventionalists.
A Rapid Ethnography to Inform a Biobehavioural HIV Preventions Study Among Venezuelan Migrant Sex Workers in Peru: A Protocol of Formative Multidisciplinary Methods
Authors: Brisson Julien , Morris Franceska León , Konda Kelika A. , Silva-Santisteban Alfonso , Perez-Brumer Amaya
Published: February 2024

The Venezuelan refugee crisis has triggered Latin America’s largest mass migration, displacing over a fifth of the country’s population. A significant number of migrants have sought refuge in neighboring countries like Peru. Within this context, Venezuelan migrants confront an array of vulnerabilities, including xenophobia and economic hardship, which have compelled some to sex work for their livelihoods. Venezuelan sex workers (VSWs) in Peru face amplified challenges, including heightened risks for HIV and sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs) and exposure to various forms of violence. Addressing the urgent need to comprehend and enhance HIV and STBBI preventive services tailored to this marginalized group in Peru’s capital is paramount. Our biobehavioural HIV prevention study combines sequential mixed methods: we start with a rapid ethnography, followed by semi-structured interviews and finally incorporate cross-sectional surveys with HIV and STBBI testing. The present study protocol presents the integrated and initial rapid ethnographic component of the study which explores the dynamics of street-based sex work in Lima and the sociocultural narratives surrounding VSWs. Data collection will involve systematic fieldnote taking including non-person photos during in-person and virtual participant observation. This comprehensive approach will provide a nuanced understanding of the complex landscape of sex work and HIV/STBBI vulnerabilities among VSWs in Lima. The rapid ethnography endeavors to offer valuable insights that can underpin evidence-based healthcare interventions, specifically tailored to cater to the unique requirements of this marginalized population.
Building a Meaningful Bridge Between Indigenous and Western Worldviews: Through Decolonial Conversation
Authors: Datta Ranjan , Starlight Teena
Published: February 2024

In this paper, Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars used a decolonial conversation framework to build a meaningful bridge between Indigenous and Western worldviews. Our decolonial conversations approach is a unique and transformative space where Indigenous and Western knowledge systems intersect, facilitating a rich exchange of valuable insights for fostering intercultural dialogue and breathing new ways of knowing and acting into Indigenous cultures. The decolonial conversation provides a platform for transmitting Indigenous knowledge and cultural practices across generations by uniting Indigenous land-based knowledge, community members, and Western researchers. Integrating Indigenous and Western knowledge systems in these environments fosters collaboration, dispels stereotypes, and forges partnerships grounded in reciprocity and trust. Through this collaborative process, traditional cultural camps emerge as potent catalysts for instilling cultural pride, fostering community resilience, and co-creating knowledge. This collaborative approach aligns with the broader objectives of decolonization and cultural revitalization. In our exploration following the decolonial learning conversation, we, comprising an Indigenous woman land-based educator and a racialized academic scholar, focused on the transformative potential and synergies realized by integrating these knowledge systems within the context of traditional cultural camps.
Using a Transition Design Approach to Explore the Adolescent Shift to Adulthood
Authors: Jarrell Juliet T. , Stransky Olivia M. , Frazier Jake , McCormick Andrew , Perry Marlo , Rankine Jacquelin , Matheo Loreta , Pierson-Brown Tomar , Kazmerski Traci M.
Published: February 2024

Transition to adulthood is a multi-faceted, complex process that affects all areas of an adolescent’s internal and external world. Prior methodologies to assess the medical facet of this transformative time have focused on objective, quantitative analysis of transition practices to facilitate a productive transfer to an adult care provider, without considering the more nuanced context. Transition Design (TD) is an under-utilized, novel methodology that can holistically investigate transition to adulthood by generating insight into the current framework for transition both within and outside of the medical field, and by conceptualizing possible interventions for a more sustainable and equitable future -- all from the perspective of constituent groups who have expertise and a vested interest in transition. Participants within four such constituent groups (young adults, young adult caregivers, healthcare providers, and social services providers) completed a day-long workshop consisting of the six-activity sequence of TD, including 1) Mapping the Problem, 2) Mapping Constituent Relations, 3) Mapping the Evolution of the Problem, 4) Co-Creating Long-Term Future Visions, 5) Designing for the Transition, and 6) Designing Systems Interventions. TD is a promising approach for evaluating complex problems such as the transition to adulthood that thrive on the engagement of specific constituent groups. This methodology allows these groups to engage with and subsequently help solve wicked problems using their own experience.
Online optimal tuning of fuzzy PID controller using grey wolf optimizer for quarter car semi-active suspension system
Authors: Liu Yunyun , As’arry Azizan , Ahmed Hesham , Hairuddin Abdul Aziz , Hassan Mohd Khair , Zakaria Mohd Zakimi , Yang Shuai
Published: February 2024

In order to reduce vibration and increase ride comfort, this article utilizes a system of quarter-car suspension integrated with a Fuzzy PID controller. To build and improve the Fuzzy PID controller for the semi-active suspension system used in quarter cars, using a novel meta-heuristic technique known as Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). Here the magnetorheological damper (MR) fluid with the Fuzzy PID controller was examined to optimize using the GWO algorithm. With the GWO technique and the integral of time absolute error (IAE) as a fitness function, the three gain parameters of the Fuzzy PID controller – Kp, Ki, and Kd– have been optimally set. The suggested approach has additional advantages for the optimization of functions with three variables, including simplicity in implementation, quick convergence traits, and superior computational capabilities. This work is significant, to the best of the author’s knowledge there is no optimization method using GWO to online tune a Fuzzy PID controller for a semi-active suspension system. The optimal output parameters of the controller can be updated online in real-time by GWO. The performance of the proposed controller was examined by assessing the root mean square (RMS) values and peak-to-peak (PTP) values of body displacement and body acceleration under various road profiles. To ensure that the intelligent controller was of the highest caliber, an online test rig was constructed. Results from simulations and online experiments demonstrated that the Fuzzy GWO PID controller significantly improved ride comfort under a variety of road conditions when compared to the Fuzzy PID controller and passive suspension system.
Undernutrition among exclusive breastfeeding mothers and its associated factors in Southwest Ethiopia: A community-based study
Authors: Ahmed Riyad , Ejeta Chibsa Samuel , Hussen Mustefa Adem , Bayisa Kenbon , Tefera Kefeni Bilisumamulifna , Gezimu Wubishet , Bidira Kebebe
Published: February 2024

Background:

An exclusive breastfeeding period is a time when the infant’s feeding depends on only breast milk. Inadequate maternal nutrition during this period could lead to insufficient infant feeding, which can further lead to childhood undernutrition and developmental restrictions. Evidently, the burden of maternal undernutrition was higher in resource-limited countries, including Ethiopia.

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the proportion of undernutrition among exclusive breastfeeding mothers and its associated factors in Southwest Ethiopia.

Design:

The study used a community-based cross-sectional design.

Methods:

The study was conducted among 442 nursing mothers from 10 to 30 June 2022. The participants were selected using multistage sampling techniques. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Statistical software EpiData version 3.1 and SPSS version 20 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. The factors associated with undernutrition were identified using a binary logistic regression analysis. In the bivariable analysis, a p-value of less than 0.25 was used to include the variable in the multivariable analysis, whereas p-value less than 0.05 was an odds ratio used to declare an independent association at a 95% confidence interval.

Results:

The proportion of undernutrition among the participants was found to be 24.8% in the study area. Poor intake of extra meals (adjusted odds ratio = 2.104; 95% confidence interval: 1.208, 3.664), poor dietary diversity habits (adjusted odds ratio = 3.605; 95% confidence interval: 2.112, 6.153), a lack of nutrition information (adjusted odds ratio = 1.853; 95% confidence interval: 1.070, 3.212), and household food insecurity (adjusted odds ratio = 4.424; 95% confidence interval: 2.639, 7.417) were identified as factors enhancing undernutrition among exclusive breastfeeding mothers in the area.

Conclusion:

A quarter of exclusive breastfeeding mothers were undernourished in the area. Poor dietary diversity habits, poor intake of extra meals, a lack of nutrition information, and household food insecurity were found to be the factors determining undernutrition. Hence, it is important to reinforce nutrition intervention programs, including maternal nutrition education and counseling.
An athlete's perspective: Comparing talent development environments for boys and girls in Western Australia youth soccer
Authors: Lyons Mikayla J , Conlon Jenny A , Nimphius Sophia , Keller Brad S , Joyce Christopher
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to compare the perceptions of boys and girls regarding their gender-specific talent development environments (TDEs) in state-level youth soccer. Seventy-one players (girls, n = 35; boys, n = 36) aged 11–18 years completed the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire (TDEQ-5), Sports Motivation Scale (SMS-6), Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q), and Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancies (SEOE) of strength training questionnaire. Mann–Whitney U tests and Hedges’s g effect sizes were used to identify group differences. Boys scored higher for TDEQ-5 subdimensions: long-term development focus, alignment of expectations, and holistic quality preparation. For the CART-Q, boys perceived greater coach commitment, whilst girls perceived greater coach complementarity. The SMS-6 results suggested higher amotivation among girls and higher external regulation and introjected regulation among boys. Finally, boys reported greater self-efficacy and outcome expectancies related to strength training. Overall, the findings reveal significant disparities in boys’ and girls’ perceptions of their TDEs. Whilst these findings provide a more nuanced understanding of youth soccer TDEs, further research is necessary to identify the critical factors for effective athlete development regardless of gender, or with more informed considerations of gender. Stakeholders should consider the unique constraints and resources specific to their TDE to determine which strategies may best impact their functionality.
External load of different format small-sided games in youth football players in relation to age
Authors: Santos Fernando , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Sarmento Hugo , Ferreira Cátia , Figueiredo Teresa , Hernández-Beltrán Victor , Gamonales José M. , Espada Mário
Published: February 2024

Background

Monitoring of training tasks allows coaches to have a better knowledge of the loads applied to their players.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to analyze the variations in external load in small-sided games (SSGs) with young players U-12, U-15, and U-23 and compare the external load between age categories in each of the SSGs.

Methods

A group of 24 male soccer players performed five consecutive different formats of four vs. four SSGs composed of 3 minutes of play/rest. GPS devices were used during the tasks (WIMU PRO™). The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0, using descriptive statistics, graphical statistics, and ANOVA to compare the results between SSGs and between age groups.

Results

The increase in field areas promotes the increase of distance (DIST) covered and the high metabolic load distance (HMLd), with and without a goalkeeper (GK). The SSGs with GK recorded fewer PL values compared to SSGs without GK. In the U-12 and U-15 age groups, GK use promotes more acceleration (AC) and deceleration (DEC) of high intensity (>3 m/s2). The results also show that the larger areas are promoters of high-speed running (HSR). Age influences some external load variables (DIST, AC, DEC, HMLd) in the game formats studied.

Conclusions

The SSG formats analyzed using GK are promoters of high-intensity neuromuscular activity. Larger areas promote more high-speed displacement. Age is an influence on the external load in different SSGs.
Impact of daily physical therapy over 2 weeks on spinal mobility including objective electronic measurements and function in patients with axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Kiefer David , Schneider Lucia , Braun Juergen , Kiltz Uta , Kolle Niklas , Andreica Ioana , Tsiami Styliani , Buehring Bjoern , Sewerin Philipp , Herbold Susanne , Baraliakos Xenofon
Published: February 2024

Background:

Patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) are often compromised by impaired function and mobility. The standardized 2-week inpatient program ‘multimodal rheumatologic complex treatment’ (MRCT) was designed for patients with axSpA. The Epionics SPINE (ES) is an objective tool validated to assess mobility.

Objective:

To investigate the impact of MRCT on physical function and mobility including range of motion (RoM) and kinematics (RoK).

Design:

Single-center interventional, observational trial.

Methods:

Patients with axSpA presenting with high disease activity and impaired physical function were consecutively recruited to undergo MRCT. Assessments performed before (V1) and after (V2) the intervention included Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis functional index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), the ankylosing spondylitis physical performance index (ASPI), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and ES measurements.

Results:

At baseline, the 80 patients included had: BASDAI 5.5 ± 1.5, BASFI 5.6 ± 2.0, BASMI 4.2 ± 1.8, SPPB 13.8 ± 1.8, and ASPI 37.3 ± 18.1 s. Clinically relevant improvements between V1 versus V2 were noted for BASFI, BASMI, and all other assessments ( p < 0.001), and also for ES measures of RoK (all p < 0.003) and RoM (all p < 0.04), while a positive trend was seen for flexion and extension (RoM). There was no significant effect of changes in medication (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The 2-weeks MRCT was associated with definite improvements of function and mobility. Importantly, the effect of this extensive physical activity was confirmed by using the ES as an objective tool to assess spinal mobility. The ES demonstrated for the first time that the RoK of spinal mobility can significantly improve related to an exercise intervention.

Trial registration:

Ethical Committee: Ruhr-Universität (reference-number: 19-6735-BR).
Importance to establish and deploy technical management processes to support organizations: A case study
Authors: Shamsuzzoha Ahm , Syrjälä Anniina
Published: February 2024

Due to today’s intense competition and rapid changes in the market, organizations must concentrate on their process management to improve their effectiveness to be able to respond quickly. Studies have shown that organizations are not necessarily even aware of the current primary function of technical management (TM) because their internal procedures are not currently modeled. This results in a lack of efficiency in terms of how businesses operate in organizations. This study aims to create internal procedure manuals for the technical support function of a case company and considers how to pinpoint areas for process improvement. Since TM is a part of the case company internally, it has not been able to update its internal procedure charts to reflect this, so cannot show its current roles in the surrounding organization. The methodology of this study is separated into two stages: modeling swim lane diagrams describing the existing state (as-is) of TM processes and then conducting semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders to ascertain their expectations and suggestions for change. Thematic analysis of the interview data and performing a comparison with the current procedure charts are used to determine whether or not TM’s procedures can be strengthened to better assist the surrounding organization. The study concludes that further actions are needed to clarify the role of TM in ways other than in the sub-process task level in the procedure charts of the case company. In addition, TM could conduct further analysis to optimize the case company’s business processes to achieve maximum benefit in the future.
Interrupted Programming: The Impact of School Shutdown on Gifted Student Identification and Services
Authors: Dailey Debbie , Cotabish Alicia , Buchanan Michelle , Marshall Laura
Published: February 2024

This mixed-methods study investigated the pandemic's impact on gifted identification among Arkansas's demographic groups and gifted services. The provision of gifted services during the pandemic varied, leading to differences in instructional practices and technology access. Nomination and identification processes were disrupted, hindering the recognition of giftedness, especially among underrepresented populations, and this was reflected in the identification numbers. Participants indicated that the pandemic has led to decreased funding for gifted programs, reduced administrator support, less time for students to participate in gifted classes, and increased responsibilities for gifted teachers. These factors have left teachers feeling overwhelmed and resulted in decreased student engagement, more behavioral issues, and academic struggles. The diversion of resources and priorities away from gifted education further exacerbated the inequities in gifted programs.
Design and In Silico Evaluation of an Exercise Decision Support System Using Digital Twin Models
Authors: Young Gavin , Dodier Robert , Youssef Joseph El , Castle Jessica R. , Wilson Leah , Riddell Michael C. , Jacobs Peter G.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Managing glucose levels during exercise is challenging for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) since multiple factors including activity type, duration, intensity and other factors must be considered. Current decision support tools lack personalized recommendations and fail to distinguish between aerobic and resistance exercise. We propose an exercise-aware decision support system (exDSS) that uses digital twins to deliver personalized recommendations to help people with T1D maintain safe glucose levels (70-180 mg/dL) and avoid low glucose (<70 mg/dL) during and after exercise.

Methods:

We evaluated exDSS using various exercise and meal scenarios recorded from a large, free-living study of aerobic and resistance exercise. The model inputs were heart rate, insulin, and meal data. Glucose responses were simulated during and after 30-minute exercise sessions (676 aerobic, 631 resistance) from 247 participants. Glucose outcomes were compared when participants followed exDSS recommendations, clinical guidelines, or did not modify behavior (no intervention).

Results:

exDSS significantly improved mean time in range for aerobic (80.2% to 92.3%, P < .0001) and resistance (72.3% to 87.3%, P < .0001) exercises compared with no intervention, and versus clinical guidelines (aerobic: 82.2%, P < .0001; resistance: 80.3%, P < .0001). exDSS reduced time spent in low glucose for both exercise types compared with no intervention (aerobic: 15.1% to 5.1%, P < .0001; resistance: 18.2% to 6.6%, P < .0001) and was comparable with following clinical guidelines (aerobic: 4.5%, resistance: 8.1%, P = N.S.).

Conclusions:

The exDSS tool significantly improved glucose outcomes during and after exercise versus following clinical guidelines and no intervention providing motivation for clinical evaluation of the exDSS system.
Evaluation of Saudi Juniperus procera Extracts Cytotoxicity and Regulatory Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis Against Two Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Al-Zahrani Ateeq A. , Ibraheem Farag , El-Hefny Mohamed , El-Senduny Fardous
Published: February 2024

Background

Breast cancer poses a major threat to female health worldwide. One of the medicinal plants used in traditional Saudi medicine is the Juniperus procera (Arar) plant, which is used to cure various illnesses, including cancer.

Objectives

The cytotoxic properties of Saudi J. procera extracts and their regulatory mechanisms against tumorigenesis in breast cancer were investigated.

Methods

The antioxidant capacities of the fruit and leaf extracts were detected by the 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The cell viability of the extracts was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The cell migration was detected by a wound healing assay. The cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated using a DCFDA-cellular (the cell permeant reagent 2',7' –dichlorofluorescein diacetate) reactive oxygen species detection assay. The protein and gene expression levels were estimated by western blotting and Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively.

Results

Phytochemical analysis revealed a high content of phenolic and flavonoids in fruit and leaf extracts. Relative to leaf extract, the fruit extract showed higher antioxidant activities and exhibited more potent cytotoxic effects against two breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The fruit extract arrested the cell cycle of the tested cancer cell lines in S phase and G1 phase, and downregulated PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase)/Akt (protein kinase B)/mTOR (Mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. It also suppressed aromatase expression in MCF-7 but upregulated it in MDA-MB-231.

Conclusion

J procera fruit and leaf extracts have significant antitumor activities against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.
Does a Transition to Single-Occupancy Patient Rooms Affect the Incidence and Outcome of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrests?
Authors: Pruijsten Ralph , Gilst Gerrie Prins-van , Schuiling Chantal , van Dijk Monique , Schluep Marc
Published: February 2024

Background:

It is proposed that patients in single-occupancy patient rooms (SPRs) carry a risk of less surveillance by nursing and medical staff and that resuscitation teams need longer to arrive in case of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Higher incidences of IHCA and worse outcomes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be the result.

Objectives:

Our study examines whether there is a difference in incidence and outcomes of IHCA before and after the transition from a hospital with multibedded rooms to solely SPRs.

Methods:

In this prospective observational study in a Dutch university hospital, as a part of the Resuscitation Outcomes in the Netherlands study, we reviewed all cases of IHCA on general adult wards in a period of 16.5 months before to 16.5 months after the transition to SPRs.

Results:

During the study period, 102 CPR attempts were performed: 51 in the former hospital and 51 in the new hospital. Median time between last-seen-well and start basic life support did not differ significantly, nor did median time to arrival of the CPR team. Survival rates to hospital discharge were 30.0% versus 29.4% of resuscitated patients ( p = 1.00), with comparable neurological outcomes: 86.7% of discharged patients in the new hospital had Cerebral Performance Category 1 (good cerebral performance) versus 46.7% in the former hospital ( p = .067). When corrected for telemetry monitoring, these differences were still nonsignificant.

Conclusions:

The transition to a 100% SPR hospital had no negative impact on incidence, survival rates, and neurological outcomes of IHCAs on general adult wards.
The Social Cure Properties of Groups Across Cultures: Groups Provide More Support but Have Stronger Norms and Are Less Curative in Relationally Immobile Societies
Authors: Easterbrook Matthew J. , Grigoryan Lusine , Smith Peter B. , Koc Yasin , Lun Vivian Miu Chi , Papastylianou Dona , Torres Claudio , Efremova Maria , Hassan Bushra , Abbas Ammar , al-Selim Heyla , Anderson Joel , Cross Susan E. , Delfino Gisela Isabel , Gamsakhurdia Vladimer , Gavreliuc Alin , Gavreliuc Dana , Gul Pelin , Gunsoy Ceren , Hakobjanyan Anna , Lay Siugmin , Lopukhova Olga , Hu Ping , Sunar Diane , Mendes Texeira Maria Luisa , Tripodi Doriana , Rivera Paola Eunice Diaz , Yuki Masaki , Ogusu Natsuki , Kwantes Catherine T. , Diaz-Loving Rolando , Perez Floriano Lorena , Chaleeraktrakoon Trawin , Chobthamkit Phatthanakit
Published: February 2024

We investigate whether the social cure properties of groups vary across cultures, testing hypotheses that the associations between multiple group memberships (MGM) and depressive symptoms will (a) be mediated by social support and uncomfortable normative pressures, and (b) vary systematically with sample-level relational mobility. Analyses of data from a survey ( N = 5,174) conducted within k = 29 samples show that MGM is negatively associated with depressive symptoms, an association fully mediated by social support and uncomfortable normative pressures. In line with our theorizing, in samples with higher levels of relational mobility constraints, the association between MGM and depressive symptoms is weaker, the associations between MGM and social support and between MGM and normative pressures are stronger, and the association between social support and depressive symptoms weaker. The indirect link between MGM and depressive symptoms via social support is significant at both low and high levels of relational mobility constraints.
‘Equal’ Yet Poor: The ineffective protection of atypical workers under EU law
Authors: Ratti Luca , Houwerzijl Mijke , Zekic Nuna , Aranguiz Ane , Garcia-Munoz Antonio
Published: February 2024

Statistical data show that on average almost one in every 12 workers in the EU is living in a poor household. This reality illustrates the gaps in the existing legal framework for protecting workers, particularly the most precarious ones, from poverty. The present contribution aims to identify some of the reasons for that. In so doing, we focus on atypical work —perceived as particularly problematic from an in-work poverty perspective — and specifically on the EU regulatory approach towards it, which heavily relies on the principle of equal treatment as a means to protect workers. The article engages with the question of whether the principle of equal treatment enshrined in the atypical work Directives is enough or, on the contrary, if it is failing in its declared intention to protect atypical workers. In its analysis as well as in its propositive part, this contribution builds on the findings of the research done in the H2020 Working Yet Poor research project. 1 We engage in a critical assessment of the current EU Directives on atypical work, highlighting existing gaps, shortcomings, and challenges. This assessment shows the limits of the Directives in general and the principle of equal treatment in particular in combating in-work poverty. We therefore advance some regulatory proposals to implement the EU Pillar of Social Rights and further enhance the current EU approach to atypical work by rendering it better equipped to prevent in-work poverty.
Advanced lung organoids for respiratory system and pulmonary disease modeling
Authors: Joo Hyebin , Min Sungjin , Cho Seung-Woo
Published: February 2024

Amidst the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, respiratory system research has made remarkable progress, particularly focusing on infectious diseases. Lung organoid, a miniaturized structure recapitulating lung tissue, has gained global attention because of its advantages over other conventional models such as two-dimensional (2D) cell models and animal models. Nevertheless, lung organoids still face limitations concerning heterogeneity, complexity, and maturity compared to the native lung tissue. To address these limitations, researchers have employed co-culture methods with various cell types including endothelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and immune cells, and incorporated bioengineering platforms such as air-liquid interfaces, microfluidic chips, and functional hydrogels. These advancements have facilitated applications of lung organoids to studies of pulmonary diseases, providing insights into disease mechanisms and potential treatments. This review introduces recent progress in the production methods of lung organoids, strategies for improving maturity, functionality, and complexity of organoids, and their application in disease modeling, including respiratory infection and pulmonary fibrosis.
Facial hair enhancement with minoxidil—an off-label use
Authors: Shokravi Arveen , Zargham Hanieh
Published: February 2024

Minoxidil was first introduced in the 1970s as an anti-hypertensive medication. Hypertrichosis and scalp hair regrowth were noted by users, and the topical formulation of minoxidil was later approved by the Food and Drug Administration for androgenic alopecia and female pattern hair loss. Since then, minoxidil has been used off-label for various hair loss conditions and cosmetic outcomes. There are a multitude of informal reports on online communities presenting personal anecdotes regarding minoxidil’s effectiveness as a facial hair enhancement tool; however, this has been seldom discussed in the literature. In this report, we will present a case of identical twin males, one of which used topical 5% minoxidil for over a year on the beard and mustache area, while the other abstained from using the medication.
The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) in Higher Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Xue Liangyong , Rashid Abdullah Mat , Ouyang Sha
Published: February 2024

This systematic review evaluates the application of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model in higher education, analyzing 162 SSCI/SCI-E articles from 2008 to 2022. It reveals a predominant focus on student participants from Asia and North America. Mobile learning tools are the most studied technologies. Surveys continue to be the top data gathering method, while structural equation modeling is preferred for analysis. The Technology Acceptance Model is combined most with UTAUT. UTAUT testing shows performance expectancy has the strongest sway on behavioral intention. Additionally, the review underscores nuanced variances in the impact of UTAUT factors between higher education and general contexts. The study calls for future UTAUT applications must promote inclusive research spanning diverse groups, mixed methodologies and theoretical perspectives. This comprehensive approach is imperative to fully understand technology adoption patterns in higher education and enable context-specific integration strategies.
Exploring Barriers to and Outcomes of Internet Appropriation Among Households Living in Poverty: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Boerkamp Lilian G. P. , van Deursen Alexander J. A. M. , Laar Ester van , van der Zeeuw Alex , van der Graaf Shenja
Published: February 2024

While poverty can be regarded as an issue with many different causes and dimensions, research indicates that enhancing digital inclusion may positively contribute to alleviating poverty. Therefore, it is of great importance to better understand the factors that may hinder internet appropriation for households facing poverty. However, no clear overview exists of the barriers to and outcomes of internet appropriation for this exact target audience. Therefore, a systematic literature review using framework synthesis was conducted to explore and map these obstacles in different stages of internet appropriation: attitude and motivation, material access, skills, and usage. Respective outcomes were also identified. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, a total of n = 1,596 unique records were identified after a systematic search in the Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases. Of these articles, n = 40 met the selection criteria and were included in the final review. The results underline the interwovenness of barriers in different stages of internet appropriation. The findings also highlight the importance of being sensitive toward one’s living environment in understanding barriers that prevail. In addition to barriers, a multitude of positive outcomes have been identified that highlight the potential benefits the internet can provide to people in situations of financial deprivation. Implications are discussed and future research directions are proposed to assist in enhancing digital inclusion for households facing poverty.
Leadership Practices and Work Engagement in Higher Education: The Mediating Role of Job Demands-Resources
Authors: Atiku Sulaiman Olusegun , Van Wyk Elzene
Published: February 2024

There has been extensive research on leadership and work engagement, but little is known concerning leadership practices and work engagement levels in higher education in Namibia. This study examines leadership practices and work engagement in higher education, as well as the mediating role of job demands and job resources in the link. A quantitative approach was adopted following an explanatory research design to explain the mediating roles of job demands and resources in the interplay between leadership practices and work engagement. A combination of sampling strategies (stratified, convenience, and purposive sampling) was adopted to draw a sample of 450 respondents from different groups of employees within the target population of the study. The primary data was collected through an online survey, which was formatted using the Likert-type rating scale. Quantitative data was analyzed using structural equation modelling via SmartPLS Version 3.3.9. Leadership practices have significant relationships with both job demands and resources. On the other hand, job demands have a significant positive relationship with work engagement, but job resources exert no significant effect on work engagement levels. Therefore, the relationship between leadership practices and work engagement was fully mediated by job demands in higher education.
Exploring the Influence of Proactive Personality on Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Attitude and Moderating Effect of Perceived Educational Support Among University Students
Authors: Chen Hong-xia
Published: February 2024

The aim of the present study is to examine the link between proactive personality (PP) and entrepreneurial intention (EI) and to investigate the mediating role of entrepreneurial attitude (EA) and the moderating role of perceived educational support (PES). A total of 764 university students were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling from two Chinese universities. Participants completed a battery of self-reported online questionnaires, including the proactive personality scale, entrepreneurial attitude scale, perceived educational support scale, and entrepreneurial intention scale. Descriptive and correlation analysis was conducted by SPSS 21.0. SPSS macro program PROCESS (Model 4) was used to test the mediating effect and PROCESS (Model 7) to verify the moderated mediation effect. The results showed that PP had a positive effect on EI ( B = 0.842, SE = 0.042, p < .001). EA exerted a partial mediating effect between PP and EI (the indirect effect was 0.633, which accounted for 75.27% of the total effect). Moderated mediation analysis suggested that PES moderated the indirect effect of PP on students’ EI via their EA. The present study is the first attempt to provide a single model to decipher the interlink of PP, EA, PES, and EI simultaneously. The findings could contribute to the current literature on entrepreneurship by focusing on “how” and “when” university students’ PP may enhance their EIs. More specifically, the mediating role of EA, the stronger effect of EA, and the moderating role of PES in predicting university students’ EIs were reported.
Association of Head-Neck Rotation With History of Pitching-Related Elbow Pain in Youth Baseball Players
Authors: Yoshimoto Masumi , Kawabata Masashi , Miyata Toru , Sato Yosuke , Naoi Daichi , Ashihara Mitsuaki , Suzuki Nobuyuki , Ikoma Chihiro , Tatsuki Hiroaki , Kuratsubo Ryota , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Kusaba Yohei , Watanabe Daiki
Published: February 2024

Background:

Prevention of pitching-related elbow pain in youth baseball players is important. Overhead pitching involves a whole-body motion, including head-neck rotation. A limited range of motion of head-neck rotation may cause inefficient pitching motion; however, this association is unclear.

Purpose:

To determine whether the range of motion of head-neck rotation is associated with the history of pitching-related elbow pain in youth baseball players.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 311 youth baseball players were selected and asked to complete a questionnaire survey about their age, weight, height, sex, baseball experience, main position, pitching side, and previous/current elbow pain during pitching. The range of motion of the upper and lower limb joints, head-neck rotation, and thoracic kyphosis angle were measured. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the history of elbow pain related to pitching.

Results:

There were 101 players with a history of pitching-related elbow pain (history group) and 142 players with no pitching-related elbow pain (no-history group). The history group had significantly lower values than the no-history group regarding the range of motion of head-neck rotation on the nondominant side (74.9°± 9° vs 77.7°± 9.6°; P = .02) and overall head-neck rotation (150.6°± 14.7° vs 154.9°± 18.4°; P = .04). Binomial logistic regression analysis identified head-neck rotation on the nondominant side (odds ratio [OR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.94-1.00]), shoulder horizontal adduction on the dominant side (OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96-1.00]), height (OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00-1.08]), and playing position (pitcher) (OR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.21-0.76]) as factors associated with a history of pitching-related elbow pain.

Conclusion:

Our cross-sectional analysis demonstrated that youth baseball players with a history of pitching-related elbow pain had limited head-neck rotation range of motion on the nondominant side, and this was a significant factor associated with the history of pitching-related elbow pain.