bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Cities in Advanced Countries Saturated in Population Size?
Authors: Mitra Arup , Tripathi Sabyasachi
Published: February 2025

Although the focus on urbanization has shifted to developing countries, developed countries still face several challenges. In this regard, the present study proposes to investigate the capacity of cities in developed countries in terms of population size and reflects on the interaction between the city's core and hinterland areas. In addition, the impact of cities on employment, gross domestic product, and productivity, as well as the short‐ and long‐term relationship between them, are examined. We estimate Gini coefficients and apply panel stochastic frontier and panel cointegration approaches using data from 688 cities in 39 advanced countries to test our hypothesis. The estimated results show that the number of million‐plus cities growing in developed nations varies widely, and a city's hinterland and core vary in terms of population concentrations. The population in the core and hinterland areas have achieved saturation point. Therefore, the benefits of agglomeration economies have disappeared from these cities. It thus concurs with the S‐shaped urbanization curve. The population concentration in the hinterland region is negatively impacted by territorial fragmentation and mean population exposure to particulate matter of 2.5 air pollution. There is a need to improve the density and management of environmental degradation through higher investment in making cities more productive and sustainable.
Bayesian Modeling of Repairable Systems With Imperfect Coverage and Delayed Detection Dynamics
Authors: Kumar Amit , Shekhar Chandra
Published: February 2025

In this research article, we thoroughly examine the dynamics of a repairable system, emphasizing a two‐unit configuration through a Bayesian perspective. The study integrates diverse prior distributions to model the uncertainty of unknown parameters, incorporating the coverage factor as a probabilistic measure of successful recovery from operational unit failures. The temporal characteristics of unit failure and repair are modeled using exponential distributions, ensuring analytical tractability and robustness. The repair process is bifurcated into two distinct phases: fault detection and location, followed by actual repair, with each phase governed by exponential distributions. Additionally, recovery and reboot times for failed units are also characterized by exponential distributions to maintain consistency in the probabilistic model. To address parameter uncertainty, we adopt a Bayesian methodology, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of system performance metrics. Monte Carlo simulations are employed to derive posterior distributions for critical parameters, including the mean time to system failure and steady‐state availability, offering deeper insights into the system's reliability profile. To validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology, extensive numerical experiments are conducted, providing a robust confirmation of the analytical models and computational techniques.
Coupling of X‐AES Transitions and XPS Photopeaks to Assess the Oxide Formation of Ga and in CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2 Material During Air Aging
Authors: Gagliardi Anna , Fairley Neal , Rebai Amelle , Etcheberry Arnaud , Naghavi Negar , Guillemoles Jean‐François , Bouttemy Muriel , Béchu Solène
Published: February 2025

The solar absorber Cu (In0.7Ga0.3)Se2 (CIGS) undergoes a process of evolution upon exposure to the atmosphere, resulting in the growth of oxide phases. This phenomenon can potentially affect the interfacial properties of CIGS, which in consequence may impact the efficiency of the solar cell. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an appropriate method to analyze the degradation of CIGS upon air aging. However, many photopeaks and Auger lines of the constitutive elements are distributed along the energy scale, and the exact determination of the degradation within the CIGS absorber requires specific care to select peaks to consider to ensure that information arise from similar escape depths. In this study, we propose to investigate the kinetics of degradation of Ga and In at similar depths probed by coupling not only photopeaks but also X‐Auger electron spectroscopy (X‐AES) transitions in the absence of photopeaks in the same energy range. If photopeaks modeling is well established for In and Ga, a decomposition procedure of the X‐AES transitions must be developed. Both linear and nonlinear least square fitting were used and compared, starting to model CIGS, In2O3, and Ga2O3 references to deploy it after on Auger transitions measured on aged samples. Thanks to the determination of the degradation ratios (oxide phase over CIGS phase) at 3, 7, and 9 nm depth, we show that both In and Ga exhibit similar kinetic of oxide formation, which proceeds gradually by O penetration through the subsurface of the material, this penetration being more and more attenuated deeper.
Falling Asleep on the Job: The Efficacy of a Short App‐Based Mindfulness Intervention to Improve Sleep Quality and Quantity Within the Workforce
Authors: Daniel Carole , Leyrat Clémence , Gentina Elodie , Mesmer‐Magnus Jessica , Guidice Rebecca , Bailly Sebastien
Published: February 2025

Quality sleep is among the most important determinants of psychological and physical well‐being. Insufficient sleep quality and quantity directly affect individuals; in turn, they indirectly affect the productivity, viability and safety of workplaces. Sleep issues also represent a global health concern for people and workplaces around the world. In addition to pharmaceutical aids, effective and accessible interventions need to address the underlying problems, as might be achieved by behavioural therapies or structured, cognitive interventions like mindfulness‐based programs. The time intensity and relatively high costs of such tactics has limited their widespread adoption though. With a sample of 606 full‐time working adults, the current study tests the potential effectiveness of a short, inexpensive, app‐based, self‐help mindfulness meditation programme for promoting sleep quality and quantity. Using a longitudinal randomised experimental design, the authors compared the utility of a 10‐day mindfulness programme with a passive control group, as well as with an active control group that engaged in 10 days of mind‐wandering exercises. Sleep benefits emerged immediately after the 10‐day intervention but seemingly wore off about three months later. Acknowledging the interactions between sleep, depression and anxiety, we also measured the two latter variables. We also find that the intervention was effective on depression, but not on anxiety. These insights offer implications for both research and practice.
Electrospun Fibers From Esterified Starch of Tubers: Effect of Concentration and Source of Starch on Fibers Performance
Authors: Fonseca Laura Martins , Santos Felipe Nardo dos , Pires Juliani Buchveitz , Cruz Elder Pacheco da , Pacheco Camila de Oliveira , Diaz Patrícia Silva , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra , Zavareze Elessandra da Rosa
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to verify the performance of electrospun fibers fabrication based on tuber starch and evaluate the influence of viscosity and degree of esterification on the properties of the fibers. The polymeric solutions were fabricated using taro, yam, sweet potato, and potato starches at different concentrations using formic acid as solvent. The starches were evaluated for amylose content, with values ranging from 10.6% (taro starch) to 33.7% (sweet potato starch) and esterification degree (promoted by formic acid), which varied from 0.62 (yam starch) to 1.11 (sweet potato starch). The polymeric solutions were evaluated for electrical conductivity and rheological measurements. In general, it was possible to observe that lower concentrations of the polymeric solutions showed decreased flow resistance, which was favorable for the formation of fibers. The tuber‐starch fibers were fabricated by electrospinning and assessed by morphology, size distribution, and thermogravimetric properties. The mean diameter of the fibers ranged from 133 to 849 nm, showing high thermal stability. The starch concentration and degree of substitution influenced the polymeric solution, directly affecting the electrospinnability and properties of fibers.
Shear behavior of bolted connectors with double embedded nuts in composite beams with steel‐fiber reinforced concrete SFRC slabs
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Xie‐dong , Wang Hong‐xu , Zhang Bai , Dong Hang , Liu Ying‐qi
Published: February 2025

The behavior of bolted connectors with double embedded nuts (BCDENs) in steel‐fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) remains uncertain, restricting their application in steel‐SFRC composite beams. This study explored the shear performance of four push‐off test specimens, varying bolt diameters, bolt grades, and concrete strength. The analysis covered failure modes, load–slip response, load–strain behavior, shear resistance, initial slip load, stiffness, peak slip, and ductility of BCDENs. Bolt shearing off was the prevalent failure mode observed in all specimens, occasionally accompanied by concrete crushing beneath the nuts. The incorporation of steel fibers in normal‐weight concrete (NC) effectively mitigated the formation and propagation concrete cracks. The horizontal slip of the concrete slab ranged between 10.8% and 26.0% of the vertical steel‐concrete slip. Shear resistance and post‐slip stiffness escalated with increased concrete strength, bolt diameter, and bolt grade. Validated FE models were employed for parametric studies involving concrete strength, bolt pretension, diameter, and tensile strength. Based on experimental and FE findings, practical design recommendations were proposed for predicting shear resistance and force‐displacement response of BCDENs in steel‐SFRC composite beams.
Poisson spacing statistics for lattice points on circles
Authors: Kurlberg Pär , Lester Stephen
Published: February 2025

We show that along a density one subsequence of admissible radii, the nearest neighbor spacing between lattice points on circles is Poissonian.
Overview of 1q abnormalities in multiple myeloma: scientific opinions from Italian experts
Authors: D’Agostino Mattia , Martello Marina , De Paoli Lorenzo , Mangiacavalli Silvia , Derudas Daniele , Fazio Francesca , Furlan Anna , Liberatore Carmine , Mele Giuseppe , Mina Roberto , Ria Roberto , Zamagni Elena
Published: February 2025

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy characterised by high genomic heterogeneity. One of the most common cytogenic abnormalities in MM is the gain of genetic material at the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 (+ 1q). While many mechanisms of resistance have been associated with + 1q alterations (e.g. CD38 downregulation, impairment of complement-dependent cytotoxicity, or induction of immunosuppression), the precise genetic or pathogenetic factors responsible for these alterations are still being investigated. Although interphase fluorescence in situ hybridisation (iFISH) is the gold standard for the detection of + 1q abnormalities used by the majority of diagnostic laboratories worldwide, there are no universally recognised cut-offs for + 1q positivity or a threshold for clinical meaningfulness. Because iFISH alone is insufficient to elucidate the extent of + 1q and other cytogenetic abnormalities in MM, sequencing-based methods could be adopted. The second revision of the international staging system for MM recently recognised + 1q as a high-risk feature. There is increasing evidence that + 1q has a prognostic value and influences the duration of remission, suggesting that patients with MM and + 1q may benefit from tailored therapy. This review comprehensively summarises the most recent biological evidence and clinical data on + 1q abnormalities in MM. However, given the heterogeneous data available, it remains difficult to draw firm conclusions. In clinical practice, +1q alterations should be evaluated along with other cytogenetic abnormalities and other biological and clinical characteristics of the disease. Ongoing and future studies will help the full understanding of the role of + 1q in MM.
Clinical implications of teleradiology in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: improving rheumatic care
Authors: Yemeshev Yerlan , Nurmashev Bekaidar , Zimba Olena , Kocyigit Burhan Fatih
Published: February 2025

Teleradiology, the transmission of radiologic images for remote assessment and consultation, has transformed modern medical care by mitigating geographical inequities and improving diagnostic accuracy. This technology employs telecommunications, digital imaging, and data-sharing systems developments to deliver swift and precise image analysis across various healthcare environments. Teleradiology has been essential in identifying and controlling diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and spondyloarthritis, especially in musculoskeletal radiology and rheumatology. The combination of teleradiology and telemedicine has transformed multidisciplinary cooperation, enhancing communication among radiologists, rheumatologists, and other healthcare practitioners to provide patient-centered treatment. It has markedly enhanced access to highly specialized knowledge, especially in rural and disadvantaged areas, facilitating prompt consultations and alleviating patient travel constraints. However, despite its benefits, teleradiology encounters several challenges, including standardization issues, ethical dilemmas, and infrastructure constraints. The absence of uniform standards and inequalities in access to high-speed Internet and digital health records impede extensive implementation. Addressing these constraints is crucial to fully utilizing teleradiology’s potential in musculoskeletal and rheumatic care. This article highlights the transformational potential of teleradiology and its incorporation into telemedicine for musculoskeletal and rheumatological treatment. Teleradiology is set to enhance global healthcare delivery by addressing disparities in healthcare access, fostering multidisciplinary cooperation, and utilizing advanced technologies. It underscores the necessity for ongoing innovation and investment in infrastructure, education, and standards to optimize the advantages of this crucial technology and guarantee equitable, efficient, and high-quality care for all patients.
Two Antarctic endophytic bacteria of Colobanthus quitensis show functional and genomic characteristics potentially responsible for plant growth promotion and cold tolerance
Authors: Licciardello Giorgio , Antonielli Livio , Sicher Carmela , Larini Ilaria , Perazzolli Michele
Published: February 2025

Bacterial endophytes reside in plant tissues and can promote plant growth under abiotic stresses. Complex microbial communities are associated with cold-adapted plants, but scarce information is available on the functional properties of Antarctic bacterial endophytes. This study aimed to investigate possible cold tolerance and plant growth promotion activities of two Antarctic bacterial endophytes by in vitro functional characterization and genome sequence analysis. Ewingella sp., Pseudomonas sp, and their bacterial consortium were cold tolerant and showed plant growth-promoting activity on tomato seedlings at low temperature. Phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid) and proteases were produced by Ewingella sp. and Pseudomonas sp., respectively, while ammonia and siderophores were produced by both bacterial isolates and their consortium. Ewingella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. genomes encompassed genes possibly involved in plant growth promotion (e.g., auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, salicylic acid, and siderophore metabolism and transport) and genes related to bacterial metabolic processes that can contribute to plant growth-promoting activities, such as amino acid metabolism, iron transport, nitrogen metabolism, and lytic activities (amylases, cellulases, and proteases), phosphate metabolism, potassium transport, and zinc transport. Moreover, Ewingella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. encompassed genes possibly associated with bacterial cold tolerance that can contribute to cold stress mitigation in the plant host, such as cold shock- and heat shock-related proteins, lipid desaturases, polyamine metabolism, proline metabolism, proline and glycine betaine transport, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and trehalose metabolism. Antarctic bacterial endophytes include multiple characteristics to survive under cold conditions and some bacterial functions can contribute to plant growth promotion and stress mitigation at low temperature.
RADEX: a rule-based clinical and radiology data extraction tool demonstrated on thyroid ultrasound reports
Authors: Howell Lewis , Zarei Amir , Wah Tze Min , Chandler James H. , Karthik Shishir , Court Zara , Ng Helen , McLaughlan James R.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Radiology reports contain valuable information for research and audits, but relevant details are often buried within free-text fields. This makes them challenging and time-consuming to extract for secondary analyses, including training artificial intelligence (AI) models.

Materials and methods

This study presents a rule-based RAdiology Data EXtraction tool (RADEX) to enable biomedical researchers and healthcare professionals to automate information extraction from clinical documents. RADEX simplifies the translation of domain expertise into regular-expression models, enabling context-dependent searching without specialist expertise in Natural Language Processing. Its utility was demonstrated in the multi-label classification of fourteen clinical features in a large retrospective dataset (n = 16,246) of thyroid ultrasound reports from five hospitals in the United Kingdom (UK). A tuning subset (n = 200) was used to iteratively develop the search strategy, and a holdout test subset (n = 202) was used to evaluate the performance against reference-standard labels.

Results

The dataset cardinality was 3.06, and the label density was 0.34. Cohen’s Kappa was 0.94 for rater 1 and 0.95 for rater 2. For RADEX, micro-average sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score were 0.97, 0.96, and 0.94, respectively. The processing time was 12.3 milliseconds per report, enabling fast and reliable information extraction.

Conclusion

RADEX is a versatile tool for bespoke research and audit applications, where access to labelled data or computing infrastructure is limited, or explainability and reproducibility are priorities. This offers a time-saving and freely available option to accelerate structured data collection, enabling new insights and improved patient care.

Key Points

Question

Radiology reports contain vital information that is buried in unstructured free-text fields. Can we extract this information effectively for research and audit applications?

Findings

A rule-based RAdiology Data Extraction tool (RADEX) is described and used to classify fourteen key findings from thyroid ultrasound reports with sensitivity and specificity > 0.95.

Clinical relevance

RADEX offers clinicians and researchers a time-saving tool to accelerate structured data collection. This practical approach prioritises transparency, repeatability, and usability, enabling new insights into improved patient care.

Graphical Abstract
Capturing the transition from intermediate to neovascular AMD: Longitudinal changes in choroidal volume and choroidal vascularity index
Authors: Borrelli Enrico , Mohammed Abdul Rasheed , Barresi Costanza , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar , Viggiano Pasquale , Boscia Francesco , Berni Alessandro , Introini Ugo , Reibaldi Michele , Bandello Francesco , Chhablani Jay
Published: February 2025

Background

To perform a three-dimensional assessment of the choroid, including choroidal volume and choroidal vascularity index (CVI), during the transition from intermediate to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and following anti-VEGF therapy.

Methods

A total of 42 participants (42 eyes) with intermediate AMD at baseline who developed neovascular AMD within 3 months were included in the analysis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans at follow-up visits (after transition to neovascular AMD and 12 months after the initiation of anti-VEGF therapy) were compared with values at the latest visit with evidence of intermediate AMD to quantify longitudinal choroidal changes. Enhanced depth imaging (EDI) OCT scans were analyzed to obtain the following metrics: (i) choroidal volume, (ii) choroidal stromal volume, (iii) choroidal vascular volume, and (iv) CVI.

Results

At baseline, the mean (median; IQR) choroidal volume (i.e., including both the stromal and vascular components) was 0.156 mm³ (0.149; 0.065), increasing to 0.163 mm³ (0.148; 0.068) at the follow-up when treatment-naïve exudative MNV was first detected (p = 0.013). After 12 months of anti-VEGF therapy, it returned to near-baseline levels at 0.156 mm³ (0.146; 0.065; p = 0.457). Similarly, the choroidal stromal and choroidal volumes increased at MNV detection but returned to baseline after treatment. Conversely, no alterations in CVI were observed between the baseline and follow-up visits.

Conclusion

The transition from intermediate to exudative neovascular AMD is associated with a significant increase in choroidal volume, affecting both stromal and luminal components. After anti-VEGF treatment, these changes regress, returning to baseline levels.
The effect of biological sex on cool seeking behavior during passive heat stress in young adults
Authors: Wang Hui , Schlader Zachary J. , Lei Tze-Huan , Mündel Toby , Amano Tatsuro , Fujii Naoto , Nishiyasu Takeshi , Kondo Narihiko
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study tested the hypothesis that females engage in cool seeking behavior to a greater extent during passive heating compared to males.

Methods

27 healthy participants (14 males) underwent two trials of 50 min lower leg passive heating with (Fan trial) and without the fan (No fan trial) in a 27 °C, 50% relative humidity environment. In the Fan trials, participants were allowed to use the fan by pressing the button to keep themselves comfortable while they were not allowed in the No fan trial.

Results

Cool seeking behavior was initiated at the same change (∆) in rectal temperature (0.2 (0.2) °C vs 0.2 (0.1) °C, p = 0.281) and ∆ mean skin temperature (2.1 (0.6) °C vs 2.3 (0.6) °C, p = 0.307), but cooling time was longer (13.5 (5.4) min vs 17.3 (3.9) min, p = 0.040) and cumulative number of times pressing the button is more often (7.3 (3.6) times vs 10.8 (4.6) times, p = 0.049) in females compared to males. Thermal sensation, thermal discomfort, and perceived skin wetness were not different between sexes during lower leg passive heating in all trials (all p > 0.145). Furthermore, whole body sweat loss and local sweat rate on the forearm were significantly higher in males compared to females (all p < 0.042) across Fan and No fan trials.

Conclusion

In conclusion, females engage in cool seeking behavior to a greater extent than males. Furthermore, thermal perceptions are not different between sexes during passive heating.
Safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: a disproportionality analysis using FAERS database from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Mikaeili Bahar , Alqahtani Zuhair A. , Hincapie Ana L. , Guo Jeff Jianfei
Published: February 2025

Introduction/objective

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have expanded treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly for patients unresponsive to traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). However, safety concerns necessitate a thorough post-market evaluation. This study is aimed at comparing the safety profiles of tofacitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib using adverse event (AE) reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods

A retrospective disproportionality analysis was performed using the FAERS data from 2012 to 2022. The AE reports were categorized into cardiovascular, cancer, respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and arthralgia-related events. Proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and reporting odds ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to identify significant safety signals.

Results

Of 273,657 AE reports, tofacitinib had the most (227,144), with increased musculoskeletal-related events (ROR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.49–1.57) and a reduced cancer risk (ROR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.41–0.47). Baricitinib (9305 reports) showed the highest risk of cardiovascular events (ROR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.50–1.78) and cancer (ROR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.83–2.58). Upadacitinib (37,208 reports) had elevated risks for respiratory events (ROR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.88–2.21) and cancer (ROR = 2.24, 95% CI 2.05–2.43).

Conclusion

The distinct safety profiles of these JAK inhibitors suggest that baricitinib poses higher cardiovascular and cancer risks, whereas upadacitinib increases the risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal events. Tofacitinib may be safer for patients with a history of cancer but requires monitoring for musculoskeletal AEs. Personalized risk assessments are critical for safe use of JAK inhibitors.

Key Points• This study provides a comprehensive post-market safety assessment of three JAK inhibitors—tofacitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib—using the FAERS data from 2012 to 2022.• Distinct safety profiles were identified, with baricitinib showing a higher risk of cardiovascular events and cancer, while upadacitinib posed an increased risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal events.• Tofacitinib demonstrated a lower cancer risk than other JAK inhibitors but was associated with more musculoskeletal-related adverse events.• These findings emphasize the importance of personalized risk assessment and vigilant monitoring when prescribing JAK inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis.
Unveiling invisible climate im/mobilities: mixed-methods case study of a drought-prone rural area of Kersa, Ethiopia
Authors: Garcia Coline , Borderon Marion , Sakdapolrak Patrick , Assefa Nega , Bunchuay-Peth Simon , Dheresa Merga , Reboul Laurence , Sterly Harald
Published: February 2025

Recent research on the environmental migration nexus emphasises the need to consider immobile populations alongside those who migrate. A subset of these immobile groups is particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors and lacks the capacity to either adapt or move, a condition often referred to as involuntary immobility or “trapped populations”. Despite growing recognition of this phenomenon, limited knowledge exists on how such immobile households with low adaptive capacities navigate multiple crises, particularly those driven by climate change. To address this gap, we provide a nuanced analysis of immobility in a remote, drought-prone region of Eastern Ethiopia. Using a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, we (i) identify populations at risk of involuntary immobility through quantitative analysis of data from the Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System and (ii) investigate the aspirations and im/mobility dynamics of these populations through qualitative survey data collected in September 2022. Our findings reveal distinct im/mobility patterns, especially among elderly residents, farmers and young mothers, shedding light on the adaptive and survival strategies employed. These strategies often manifest as short-term, short-distance movements, which have become increasingly prevalent in response to everyday challenges. Further research should explore how these micro-mobilities may signal a form of precarisation of individuals.
Domino drift effect approach for probability estimation of feature drift in high-dimensional data
Authors: Szűcs Gábor , Németh Marcell
Published: February 2025

Concept drift (and data drift) is a common phenomenon in machine learning models, where the statistical properties of the input data change over time, leading to a decrease in model performance. Detecting data drift is crucial for maintaining the accuracy and reliability of machine learning models in real-world applications. While previous data drift detector approaches can identify if a drift has occurred, these approaches cannot localize which specific features have caused the drift. Feature drift detectors solve this deficiency, but the required number of detectors is equal to the number of dimensions, which is a resource-intensive solution in high-dimensional data. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for feature drift analysis and drift detection based on a domino effect caused by the correlation of features. Our approach, the so-called Domino drift effect (DDE), is based on the empirically proven assumption that an initial reference correlation can be utilized as a proxy for detecting other drifting features. The method analyzes the correlating and drifting behavior, and by using only a subset of all features, it derives inference about the drifting of the remaining features, if co-drifting phenomena occur in the data stream. At co-drifting phenomena, the DDE method can estimate the probability of feature drift, which is particularly useful in high-dimensional datasets. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted experiments on four real-world datasets. The results show that our approach can effectively be used to predict feature drift in the whole dataset, and it has potential industrial applications.
Impact of climate change on health workers: a scoping review
Authors: Tesfaye Amensisa Hailu , Prior Jason , McIntyre Erica
Published: February 2025

Aim

Climate change is the most pressing global challenge of the twenty-first century and has recently been declared as a public health emergency due to its widespread environmental, social, economic, and health impacts. This scoping review aims to map existing evidence on the impact of climate change on health workers.

Subject and methods

We followed the JBI guidelines for scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR protocol. Systematic searches were conducted in databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, ProQuest, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Peer-reviewed articles published between 01 January 2014 and 03 May 2024 were included. The findings were presented numerically and thematically, and a narrative synthesis summarised the evidence.

Results

We analysed 23 studies from different regions and identified four main areas of climate change impacts: physical health impacts, mental health impacts, occupational safety impacts, and impacts on the capacity and resilience of health workers. This review also identified barriers and challenges to health workers’ ability to respond to climate change, including time constraints, gaps in knowledge and training, strains on infrastructure and supply chains, difficulties in resource allocation, and coordination challenges between organisations.

Conclusion

The review highlights the substantial physical health, mental health, and occupational safety impacts of climate change on health workers. These effects undermine the resilience of health workers and the operational integrity of health services. To increase health workers’ resilience to climate change impacts, it is essential to implement a comprehensive strategy that includes targeted training, infrastructure upgrades, policy updates, and improved inter-agency coordination.
Four new acylated glycosidic acid methyl esters and a new glycosidic acid from Ipomoea lacunosa seeds
Authors: Ono Masateru , Murakami Renjyu , Yasuda Shin , Miyashita Hiroyuki , Yoshimitsu Hitoshi , Tsuchihashi Ryota , Okawa Masafumi , Kinjo Junei
Published: February 2025

Resin glycosides, characteristic of plants of the Convolvulaceae family, are well-known purgative constituents found in traditional medicinal crude drugs, such as Rhizoma Jalapae, Rhizoma Jalapae Braziliensis, Orizaba Jalapa Tuber, and Pharbitidis Semen. The isolated compounds exhibited a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, ionophoric, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and multidrug-resistance-modulating properties, as well as cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Ipomoea lacunosa L. (Convolvulaceae) is an herbaceous vine native to the United States. Four new acylated glycosidic acid methyl esters (1–4) and one new glycosidic acid (5) were isolated from the methanol extract of the plant seed. The structures of 1–5 were elucidated using spectroscopic data in conjunction with our previous studies on the components of the crude resin glycoside fraction from I. lacunosa seeds. Compounds 1 and 2 were identified as heptaglycosides, 3 as an octaglycoside, and 4 as a nonaglycoside, all sharing methyl 3S,11S-dihydroxytetradecanoate as a common aglycone. The saccharide moieties were partially acylated by glycosidic acid, 7S-hydroxydecanoic acid 7-O-β-d-quinovopyranoside, and organic acids, including (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoic, 2S-methylbutyric, and 2R-methyl-3R-hydroxybutyric acids. Compound 5 was identified as a triglycoside with a new aglycone, 4,11-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, which is the first glycosidic acid with a hydroxyl group at C-4 of the aglycone moiety.

Graphical abstract
Nutzung von digitalen Tools im Onboarding: Anforderungen und Evaluation des „Prozesslotsen“ in Organisationen
Authors: Mitschelen Annabell , Thiele Lisa , Fischer Anna , Kauffeld Simone
Published: February 2025

Dieser Artikel der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. beschreibt die Entwicklung und Implementierung eines digitalen Tools zur Unterstützung von Onboardingprozessen, den sogenannten Prozesslotsen. Basierend auf einer Anforderungsanalyse wurde der Prozesslotse zur Unterstützung von Onboardingprozessen entwickelt und beim Pre- und Onboarding in einem KMU und einem Institut einer Universität implementiert. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse aus beiden Fallbeispielen werden reflektiert und es werden weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten sowie potenzielle Weiterentwicklungen des Prozesslotsen aufgezeigt.
Methods for estimating full width at half maximum
Authors: Rainio Oona , Hällilä Johanna , Teuho Jarmo , Klén Riku
Published: February 2025

Background: Measurement of full width at half maximum (FWHM) is used in multiple important applications related to the evaluation of the image resolution and the performance assessment of different scanner devices especially in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, but little research has been performed about different methods for estimating FWHM.Materials and methods: We study seven different methods for estimating FWHM, including measuring FWHM according to its definition, four methods based on estimation of the standard deviation, the standard method of National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), and a new method utilizing an optimization algorithm to fit a Gaussian curve to the data. We compare their performance with several simulations. We also apply these techniques on two real data sets created by PET images of an

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18

F-fluorodeoxyglucose resolution phantom imaged with High Resolution Research Tomograph concept camera and Biograph Vision Quadra and a sodium-22 point source imaged with RAYCAN X5 PET/CT system. Results and conclusion: According to our results from both simulated and real data, the most accurate methods are the first method based on the definition of FWHM and the NEMA standard method. In particular, both of these methods work in a reliable way in real data experiments, even when there is a very limited number of points available for FWHM computation.
Differences in experiences of patients with advanced cancer in Japan from 3 to 6 years after diagnosis
Authors: Ichinose Yuichi , Toida Tsutomu , Watanabe Tomone , Wakita Takafumi , Higashi Takahiro
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Coping with cancer presents significant challenges, especially for those with advanced-stage and long-term survival. However, research on advanced-stage cancer experiences in Japan remains limited. This study analyzed how patient experiences with advanced-stage cancer/long-term survival varied across different diagnosis periods.

Methods

We examined two groups of patients with advanced cancer diagnosed in 2013 and 2016 using data from the Patient Experience Survey, a nationwide survey of cancer patients in Japan in 2019. Weighted analysis was used to estimate the distribution of patient experiences in the representative population. We compared the experiences of patients diagnosed with advanced-stage disease in 2016 (newer diagnosis group) and 2013 (earlier diagnosis group).

Results

We analyzed 1584 participants in the newer diagnosis group and 412 in the earlier diagnosis group, with response rates of 30.8% and 43.0% respectively (P < 0.01). The earlier group had more proxy responses (38.0% vs. 43.2%). Survey response distribution was similar across groups; however, earlier diagnosis patients reported worse access to treatment information, lower satisfaction, and less positive post-treatment experiences than did newer patients. However, when considering respondent type, patient responses were consistent across years, whereas proxy responses were more negative.

Conclusions

Differences in survey timing and response types significantly impact the reported patient experiences. Policymakers should consider these factors when designing cancer control strategies to support patients and families.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Policymakers should use these findings to enhance cancer control strategies, addressing the distress of patients and families affected by advanced and long-term cancer.
Management of Adverse Skeletal Effects Following Bariatric Surgery Procedures in People Living with Obesity
Authors: Karam Léa , Paccou Julien
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This review focuses on recent findi+ngs regarding the management of adverse skeletal effects following weight loss in people living with obesity (PwO). We summarize the guidelines provided by various societies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis resulting from bariatric surgery. Next, we discuss the use of traditional antiosteoporosis medications in this population.

Recent Findings

Guidelines for preventing and treating osteoporosis resulting from bariatric surgery have been recently provided by various societies setting specific treatment criteria for postmenopausal women and men aged ≥ 50 years, based on the occurrence of fragility fractures and/or T-score thresholds. Several studies have highlighted the positive effects of lifestyle changes in preventing high-turnover bone loss; however, data on fracture outcomes are currently unavailable. It is generally accepted that following bariatric procedures, sufficient intake of calcium, vitamin D, and protein, along with regular exercise incorporating progressive, supervised resistance training, is crucial to counteract negative impacts on bone. Regarding the need for medications to combat osteoporosis, most societies recommend zoledronic acid as the preferred choice. This preference is due to the problems associated with oral bisphosphonates, including poor tolerance and absorption issues. Denosumab is typically considered the second choice when bisphosphonates are not suitable or well tolerated. Two randomized controlled studies have recently demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of zoledronic acid and denosumab in addressing high-turnover bone loss.

Although guidelines exist for managing skeletal health before and after bariatric surgery, more research is required to validate these recommendations and the use of anti-osteoporosis medications.
Arts-based interventions for maternal well-being: a systematic review
Authors: Cluderay Emily-Rose , Barnes Christopher , Collard-Stokes Gemma , Hogan Susan
Published: February 2025

Supporting mothers to maintain good physical and mental health is a key public health concern because of the long-term social and economic implications for them and their children. Arts and health programmes offer a positive social return on investment and provide healthcare commissioners with lower-cost alternatives to clinical models of care. This systematic review examines published studies that examine the relationship between arts-based activity and maternal health and/or wellbeing. The objective was to provide a comprehensive picture of the ways in which arts-based practices were already being used; some of the outcomes that had been identified; and the way in which outcomes were being measured, evaluated and documented. The review followed the PRISMA guide for systematic reviews. Studies were assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for reviewing Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD). A meta-synthesis of data from the qualitative studies was carried out to generate themes. Eleven studies were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. It was found that there is a lack of peer-reviewed research into the impact of arts-based interventions on maternal populations. Whilst the published research is of varying degrees of methodological rigour and reporting of data, some common themes around the social, psychological, and emotional benefits were identified. The results suggest that there is a role for arts-based interventions to be used (i) as social support for women during the transition to motherhood; (ii) to facilitate recovery from diagnosed mental disorders such as postnatal depression; (iii) to prevent stress, anxiety and isolation.
Large-scale earth observation and monitoring of riparian zone land-cover changes in Türkiye
Authors: Atesoglu A. , Bulut F. S. , Ozel H. B. , Zeren Cetin I.
Published: February 2025

Riparian zone ecosystems provide various ecological and societal benefits and play a vital role in preserving biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. These ecosystems land use changes serve as reliable indicators of large-scale ecological system changes. The aim of this study is to monitoring the changes in land use and land cover in riparian zones and how this affects ecosystem services at the Türkiye scale. Many open source platforms that integrate remote sensing and geographic information systems have been frequently used in regional and national scale land monitoring studies in recent years. For this study, Collect Earth, an open source program authorized by the Food and Agriculture Organization, was chosen. Collect Earth is a tool that enables data collection for land monitoring via Google Earth technologies. Analysis indicates that only 2.7% of Türkiye's zones of riparian which is experienced land use changes from 2000 to 2023. While there was a decline in forest land, grassland, and cropland, there was an increase in wetland, settlement, and other land types within Türkiye's riparian zones. Logging, crop cultivation, and road construction are the main drivers of land cover change in these areas. Approximately half of the increase in riparian zones was attributed to cropland expansion. It is crucial to emphasize the importance of integrating the carnage statistics of land use change statistics with areas of gain loss to assess the land capacity of land to provide services of ecosystem. The Collect Earth methodology can aid in evaluating environmental policy objectives and assisting in the riparian zones of regional management and planning.
Cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic short version of the Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale (Icon-FES): Assessing concern about falling among older adults
Authors: Almarwani Maha M. , Alharbi Worood M. , Alkeridy Walid A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Concern about falling is a significant issue among older adults, affecting their quality of life and functional independence. Culturally adapted and validated assessment tools are essential for accurately evaluating concern about falling. This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Arabic short version of the Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale (Icon-FES).

Methods

The translation and cultural adaptation process followed established guidelines. Structural validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and known-groups validity of the scale were evaluated.

Results

A total of 123 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 69.54 ± 3.48 years; 53.7% male) participated. The Arabic short version of Icon-FES demonstrated strong structural validity, with EFA supporting a unidimensional structure accounting for 73.47% of the variance. It exhibited high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.95) and excellent test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.97). Convergent validity was confirmed through significant correlations with the Arabic Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I; r

s
= 0.73, p < 0.001), Single Leg Stance (SLS; r

s
 =  − 0.34, p < 0.001), and Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5TSTS; r
s = 0.44, p < 0.001). Known-groups validity showed higher scores in females, those with lower education, and a history of falls.

Conclusions

The Arabic short version of Icon-FES is a reliable and valid tool for assessing concern about falling among community-dwelling older adults. It offers an innovative approach through culturally adapted visual elements that could enhance applicability, enabling accurate assessment and supporting targeted interventions among Arabic-speaking older adults.
Integrating Electric Ambipolar Effect for High-Performance Zinc Bromide Batteries
Authors: Li Wenda , Xu Hengyue , Ke Shanzhe , Zhang Hongyi , Chen Hao , Guo Gaijuan , Xiong Xuanyi , Zhang Shiyao , Fu Jianwei , Jing Chengbin , Cheng Jiangong , Liu Shaohua
Published: February 2025

The coupling of fast redox kinetics, high-energy density, and prolonged lifespan is a permanent aspiration for aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries, but which has been severely hampered by a narrow voltage range and suboptimal compatibility between the electrolytes and electrodes. Here, we unprecedentedly introduced an electric ambipolar effect for synergistic manipulation on Zn2+ ternary-hydrated eutectic electrolyte (ZTE) enabling high-performance Zn-Br2 batteries. The electric ambipolar effect motivates strong dipole interactions among hydrated perchlorates and bipolar ligands of L-carnitine (L-CN) and sulfamide, which reorganized primary cations solvation sheath in a manner of forming Zn[(L-CN)(SA)(H2O)4]2+ configuration and dynamically restricting desolvated H2O molecules, thus ensuring a broadened electrochemical window of 2.9 V coupled with high ionic conductivity. Noticeably, L-CN affords an electrostatic shielding effect and an in situ construction of organic–inorganic interphase, endowing oriented Zn anode plating/stripping reversibly for over 2400 h. Therefore, with the synergy of electro/nucleophilicity and exceptional compatibility, the ZTE electrolyte dynamically boosts the conversion redox of Zn-Br2 batteries in terms of high specific capacity and stable cycling performance. These findings open a window for designing electrolytes with synergetic chemical stability and compatibility toward advanced zinc-ion batteries.