bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Noise Coherently Synthesized Two-Color Electro-Optic Frequency Comb
Authors: Li Runmin , Tian Haochen , Kato Takashi , Asahara Akifumi , Minoshima Kaoru
Published: September 2022

A coherently synthesized two-color EO comb is generated by modulating two CW lasers with common EO modulators. The comb has the feature of low noise due to suppression of accumulated phase noise from RF synthesizer.
Intelligent Meta-lens Array for Autonomous Sensing
Authors: Chen Mu Ku , Liu Xiaoyuan , Fan Yubin , Yao Jin , Zhang Jincheng , Sun Linshan , Tsai Din Ping
Published: September 2022

The design, fabrication, and applications of the intelligent meta-lens array are reported in this talk. We developed the meta-lens array based light field imaging system for full-color imaging, depth, edge detection and intelligent sensing.
Light Propagation in Spatio-Temporal Crystals
Authors: Sharabi Yonatan , Dikopoltsev Alex , Lustig Eran , Lumer Yaakov , Segev Mordechai
Published: September 2022

We study light propagation in spatio-temporal photonic crystals: media whose electromagnetic properties vary periodically in both time and space. We find unique eigenmodes inside mixed energy-momentum gaps, extracting energy and momentum from the modulation.
Enhanced performance in deep-ultraviolet laser diodes with an undoped BGaN electron blocking layer
Authors: Xing Zhongqiu , Wang Fang , Wang Yao , Liou Juin J. , Liu Yuhuai
Published: September 2022

Aluminum-rich p-AlGaN electron blocking layers (EBLs) are typically used for preventing overflow of electrons from the active region in AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet (DUV) laser diode (LD). However, these cannot effectively prevent electron leakage and form barrier layers, which affects the hole injection efficiency. Herein, the traditional p-AlGaN EBL in LD is replaced with an undoped BGaN EBL. The undoped BGaN EBL LD increases the effective barrier height of the conduction band to prevent the leakage of electrons and decreases the energy loss caused by the polarization induced electric field, enhancing the hole injection. The slope efficiency of the undoped BGaN EBL LD is 289% higher than that of the highly doped AlGaN EBL LD, and its threshold current is 51% lower. Therefore, the findings of this study provide insights for solving the problems of electron leakage and insufficient hole injection in high-performance and undoped EBL DUV LDs.
On the impact of the beveled mesa for GaN-based micro-light emitting diodes: electrical and optical properties
Authors: Hang Sheng , Zhang Gai , Chu Chunshuang , Zhang Yonghui , Zheng Quan , Li Qing , Zhang Zi-Hui
Published: September 2022

In this report, the impact of different mesa designs on the optical and electrical characteristics for GaN-based micro-light emitting diodes (µLEDs) has been systematically and numerically investigated by using TCAD simulation tools. Our results show that an enhanced light extraction efficiency can be obtained by using beveled mesas. The inclined mesa angles can more effectively reflect the photons to the substrate, and this helps to extract the photons to free air for flip-chip µLEDs. However, it is found that the current injection is influenced by inclination angles for the investigated µLEDs, such that the beveled mesas make stronger charge-coupling effect and increase the electric field magnitude in the multiple quantum wells at the mesa edge, so that the carriers cannot be effective consumed by radiative recombination. As a result, this gives rise to stronger defect-induced nonradiative recombination at mesa surfaces. Therefore, there are tradeoffs between the LEEs and IQEs when changing the beveled angle, to maximize external quantum efficiency for GaN-based µLEDs, the beveled mesa angle shall be carefully designed and optimized.
Low-threshold lasing behavior based on quasi-bound states in the continuum in a slanted guided-mode resonance nanocavity
Authors: Gu Tiancheng , Xu Shuozhe , Zhang Xin , Wang Kangni , Qian Linyong
Published: September 2022

In this study, hybrid resonance modes are obtained when symmetry-breaking is introduced into a guided-mode resonance (GMR) grating, which transforms bound states in the continuum (BICs) into quasi-BICs with a high-quality factor while retaining the intrinsic GMR mode. The structural parameters are modified such that GMR and quasi-BICs resonance occur at the pump and emission wavelengths of the gain medium, respectively. Resonant optical pumping and high-quality nanocavities are utilized simultaneously, and a low-threshold laser is realized. We theoretically demonstrate that the threshold can be reduced to 24.6 µJ/cm2, which is approximately 4 times lower than that of the laser based on GMR alone. The lasing action can be modulated by optimizing the asymmetry parameter and the electric field, and the threshold can be further reduced.
Towards optimal point spread function design for resolving closely spaced emitters in three dimensions
Authors: Jusuf James M. , Lew Matthew D.
Published: September 2022

The past decade has brought many innovations in optical design for 3D super-resolution imaging of point-like emitters, but these methods often focus on single-emitter localization precision as a performance metric. Here, we propose a simple heuristic for designing a point spread function (PSF) that allows for precise measurement of the distance between two emitters. We discover that there are two types of PSFs that achieve high performance for resolving emitters in 3D, as quantified by the Cramér-Rao bounds for estimating the separation between two closely spaced emitters. One PSF is very similar to the existing Tetrapod PSFs; the other is a rotating single-spot PSF, which we call the crescent PSF. The latter exhibits excellent performance for localizing single emitters throughout a 1-µm focal volume (localization precisions of 7.3 nm in x, 7.7 nm in y, and 18.3 nm in z using 1000 detected photons), and it distinguishes between one and two closely spaced emitters with superior accuracy (25-53% lower error rates than the best-performing Tetrapod PSF, averaged throughout a 1-µm focal volume). Our study provides additional insights into optimal strategies for encoding 3D spatial information into optical PSFs.
Blind frequency offset estimation using the optimal decision threshold-assisted QPSK-partition method for probabilistically shaped MQAM systems
Authors: Tang Xue , Xu Hengying , Bai Chenglin , Fan Yaxuan , Zhang Yining , Yang Lishan , Cao Lingguo , Sun Weibin , Cui Nan
Published: September 2022

Moderate or strong shaping conditions reduce the occurrence probability of the outermost ring constellation points of probabilistically shaped (PS)-M quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals, which easily causes the peaks in the 4th power periodogram of received signals be submerged, accordingly the classical frequency offset estimation (FOE) scheme using 4th power fast Fourier transform (FFT) cannot be applied in PS-MQAM system. To solve this issue, we have proposed an optimal decision threshold assisted quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK)-partition blind FOE scheme. Firstly, the proposed scheme utilizes an optimal decision threshold assisted method for the symbol decision of received symbols, then chooses the symbols on multiple specific QPSK-shape rings. Secondly, the amplitude of each symbol selected above is normalized and uniformly augmented to

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. Finally, it carries out FOE using an improved time-domain 4th power feedforward method that eliminates the time interval. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been verified by 28 GBaud polarization division multiplexing (PDM) PS-16/64QAM simulations and 28/8 GBaud PS-16/64QAM experiments. The results obtained by this scheme present that under moderate or strong shaping conditions, the generalized mutual information (GMI) increases with optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and eventually exceeds the corresponding GMI threshold. Besides that, the FOE range can reach [-Rs/8, Rs/8], where Rs denotes the baud rate. When OSNRs are higher than 16 dB and 19.5 dB, the NMSEs of PS-16QAM-3/3.6 are lower than 1e-7, respectively. For PS-64QAM-4.4/5, the NMSEs achieve lower than 1e-6 after OSNR increases to 20.3 dB and 23.4 dB, respectively. More importantly, the overall complexity can be reduced to O(N), which is at most as 26.5% as that of FFT FOE scheme.
Multi-pixel photoconductive emitters for the controllable generation of azimuthal and radial terahertz beams
Authors: Deveikis Justas , Lloyd-Hughes James
Published: September 2022

A multi-pixel photoconductive emitter is reported that generates THz beams with either azimuthal, radial or linear polarization states. Switching between the different polarization states was purely electrical, via the bias voltage applied, circumventing the need for mechanical polarization optics or different THz emitters to change the polarization. Dipole array modelling was performed to validate emitter array designs, and to explore their optimal bias configuration, while spatially-resolved electro-optic detection of the generated beams confirmed that cylindrical-vector beams were produced. We further demonstrate that the spatial beam profile was optimized by adjusting the bias level on particular pixels, improving the polarization purity of the beam.
Efficient and compact sol-gel TiO2 thermo-optic microring resonator modulator
Authors: Chen Zequn , Wei Maoliang , Luo Ye , Jian Jialing , Ye Yuting , Yin Yuexin , Sun Chunlei , Zhong Chuyu , Si Ke , Zhang Daming , Lin Hongtao , Li Lan
Published: September 2022

Thermo-optic (TO) modulators play an increasingly important role in wavelength routers, lidar, optical computing, and other reconfigurable photonic systems. Highly efficient TO tunable microring resonators (MRRs) were first demonstrated based on a sol-gel TiO2 platform in the 1310-nm waveband owing to the synergistic effect between the TiO2 core and SU-8 cladding with both the negative thermo-optical coefficients. The MRR modulator with SU-8 polymer as the top cladding layer exhibits a thermal tuning efficiency of 33.0 pm/mW, which is more than 14 times higher than that with silica top cladding. Its rise/fall times of 9.4 us/24 us and a Pπ power of 7.22 mW were achieved, indicating a relatively high TO modulator figure of merit among noncrystalline material platforms allowing monolithic integration on different substrates. These results yield a strong promise for applying the sol-gel TiO2 platform in photonic integrated circuits and suggest a new angle of view to design compact and efficient TO modulators in wearable devices, visible/infrared communication, and biophotonic applications.
Endurance of chalcogenide optical phase change materials: a review: erratum
Authors: Martin-Monier Louis , Popescu Cosmin Constantin , Ranno Luigi , Mills Brian , Geiger Sarah , Callahan Dennis , Moebius Michael , Hu Juejun
Published: September 2022

We present and erratum to our review article [Opt. Mater. Express 12, 2145 (2022)10.1364/OME.456428]. This erratum corrects the references in Table 3, a typo, and a misleading sentence. These corrections do not affect conclusions of the original review article.
Cytoskeletal vimentin regulates cell size and autophagy through mTORC1 signaling
Authors: Mohanasundaram Ponnuswamy , Coelho-Rato Leila S. , Modi Mayank Kumar , Urbanska Marta , Lautenschläger Franziska , Cheng Fang , Eriksson John E.
Published: September 2022

The nutrient-activated mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1) signaling pathway determines cell size by controlling mRNA translation, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, and autophagy. Here, we show that vimentin, a cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein that we have known to be important for wound healing and cancer progression, determines cell size through mTORC1 signaling, an effect that is also manifested at the organism level in mice. This vimentin-mediated regulation is manifested at all levels of mTOR downstream target activation and protein synthesis. We found that vimentin maintains normal cell size by supporting mTORC1 translocation and activation by regulating the activity of amino acid sensing Rag GTPase. We also show that vimentin inhibits the autophagic flux in the absence of growth factors and/or critical nutrients, demonstrating growth factor-independent inhibition of autophagy at the level of mTORC1. Our findings establish that vimentin couples cell size and autophagy through modulating Rag GTPase activity of the mTORC1 signaling pathway.
An integrative systems biology approach to overcome venetoclax resistance in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Przedborski Michelle , Sharon David , Cathelin Severine , Chan Steven , Kohandel Mohammad
Published: September 2022

The over-expression of the Bcl-2 protein is a common feature of many solid cancers and hematological malignancies, and it is typically associated with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Bcl-2-specific inhibitors, such as venetoclax, have recently been approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma, and they are showing promise in clinical trials as a targeted therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, successful treatment of AML with Bcl-2-specific inhibitors is often followed by the rapid development of drug resistance. An emerging paradigm for overcoming drug resistance in cancer treatment is through the targeting of mitochondrial energetics and metabolism. In AML in particular, it was recently observed that inhibition of mitochondrial translation via administration of the antibiotic tedizolid significantly affects mitochondrial bioenergetics, activating the integrated stress response (ISR) and subsequently sensitizing drug-resistant AML cells to venetoclax. Here we develop an integrative systems biology approach to acquire a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind this process, and in particular, of the specific role of the ISR in the commitment of cells to apoptosis. Our multi-scale mathematical model couples the ISR to the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in venetoclax-resistant AML cells, includes the metabolic effects of treatment, and integrates RNA, protein level, and cellular viability data. Using the mathematical model, we identify the dominant mechanisms by which ISR activation helps to overcome venetoclax resistance, and we study the temporal sequencing of combination treatment to determine the most efficient and robust combination treatment protocol.
In the Body’s Eye: The computational anatomy of interoceptive inference
Authors: Allen Micah , Levy Andrew , Parr Thomas , Friston Karl J.
Published: September 2022

A growing body of evidence highlights the intricate linkage of exteroceptive perception to the rhythmic activity of the visceral body. In parallel, interoceptive inference theories of affective perception and self-consciousness are on the rise in cognitive science. However, thus far no formal theory has emerged to integrate these twin domains; instead, most extant work is conceptual in nature. Here, we introduce a formal model of cardiac active inference, which explains how ascending cardiac signals entrain exteroceptive sensory perception and uncertainty. Through simulated psychophysics, we reproduce the defensive startle reflex and commonly reported effects linking the cardiac cycle to affective behaviour. We further show that simulated ‘interoceptive lesions’ blunt affective expectations, induce psychosomatic hallucinations, and exacerbate biases in perceptual uncertainty. Through synthetic heart-rate variability analyses, we illustrate how the balance of arousal-priors and visceral prediction errors produces idiosyncratic patterns of physiological reactivity. Our model thus offers a roadmap for computationally phenotyping disordered brain-body interaction.
Excitatory and inhibitory effects of HCN channel modulation on excitability of layer V pyramidal cells
Authors: Mäki-Marttunen Tuomo , Mäki-Marttunen Verónica
Published: September 2022

Dendrites of cortical pyramidal cells are densely populated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, a.k.a. Ih channels. Ih channels are targeted by multiple neuromodulatory pathways, and thus are one of the key ion-channel populations regulating the pyramidal cell activity. Previous observations and theories attribute opposing effects of the Ih channels on neuronal excitability due to their mildly hyperpolarized reversal potential. These effects are difficult to measure experimentally due to the fine spatiotemporal landscape of the Ih activity in the dendrites, but computational models provide an efficient tool for studying this question in a reduced but generalizable setting. In this work, we build upon existing biophysically detailed models of thick-tufted layer V pyramidal cells and model the effects of over- and under-expression of Ih channels as well as their neuromodulation. We show that Ih channels facilitate the action potentials of layer V pyramidal cells in response to proximal dendritic stimulus while they hinder the action potentials in response to distal dendritic stimulus at the apical dendrite. We also show that the inhibitory action of the Ih channels in layer V pyramidal cells is due to the interactions between Ih channels and a hot zone of low voltage-activated Ca2+ channels at the apical dendrite. Our simulations suggest that a combination of Ih-enhancing neuromodulation at the proximal part of the apical dendrite and Ih-inhibiting modulation at the distal part of the apical dendrite can increase the layer V pyramidal excitability more than either of the two alone. Our analyses uncover the effects of Ih-channel neuromodulation of layer V pyramidal cells at a single-cell level and shed light on how these neurons integrate information and enable higher-order functions of the brain.
Association between mobility, non-pharmaceutical interventions, and COVID-19 transmission in Ghana: A modelling study using mobile phone data
Authors: Gibbs Hamish , Liu Yang , Abbott Sam , Baffoe-Nyarko Isaac , Laryea Dennis O. , Akyereko Ernest , Kuma-Aboagye Patrick , Asante Ivy Asantewaa , Mitjà Oriol ,   LSHTM CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Ampofo William , Asiedu-Bekoe Franklin , Marks Michael , Eggo Rosalind M.
Published: September 2022

Governments around the world have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions to limit the transmission of COVID-19. Here we assess if increasing NPI stringency was associated with a reduction in COVID-19 cases in Ghana. While lockdowns and physical distancing have proven effective for reducing COVID-19 transmission, there is still limited understanding of how NPI measures are reflected in indicators of human mobility. Further, there is a lack of understanding about how findings from high-income settings correspond to low and middle-income contexts. In this study, we assess the relationship between indicators of human mobility, NPIs, and estimates of Rt, a real-time measure of the intensity of COVID-19 transmission. We construct a multilevel generalised linear mixed model, combining local disease surveillance data from subnational districts of Ghana with the timing of NPIs and indicators of human mobility from Google and Vodafone Ghana. We observe a relationship between reductions in human mobility and decreases in Rt during the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ghana. We find that the strength of this relationship varies through time, decreasing after the most stringent period of interventions in the early epidemic. Our findings demonstrate how the association of NPI and mobility indicators with COVID-19 transmission may vary through time. Further, we demonstrate the utility of combining local disease surveillance data with large scale human mobility data to augment existing surveillance capacity to monitor the impact of NPI policies.
Abetting host immune response by inhibiting rhipicephalus sanguineus Evasin-1: An in silico approach
Authors: Castrosanto Melvin A. , Mukerjee Nobendu , Ramos Ana Rose , Maitra Swastika , Manuben John Julius P. , Das Padmashree , Malik Sumira , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Alexiou Athanasios , Dey Abhijit , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Aljarba Nada H. , Alkahtani Saad , Ghosh Arabinda
Published: September 2022

The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) is the most prevalent tick in the world and a well-recognized vector of many pathogens affecting dogs and occasionally humans. Pathogens exploit tick salivary molecules for their survival and multiplication in the vector and transmission to and establishment in the hosts. Tick saliva contains various non-proteinaceous substances and secreted proteins that are differentially produced during feeding and comprise of inhibitors of blood congealing and platelet aggregation, vasodilatory and immunomodulatory substances, and compounds preventing itch and pain. One of these proteins is Evasin-1, which has a high binding affinity to certain types of chemokines. The binding of Evasin-1 to chemokines prevents the detection and immune response of the host to R. sanguineus, which may result in the successful transmission of pathogens. In this study, we screened potential Evasin-1 inhibitor based on the pharmacophore model derived from the binding site residues. Hit ligands were further screened via molecular docking and virtual ADMET prediction, which resulted in ZINC8856727 as the top ligand (binding affinity: -9.1 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulation studies, coupled with MM-GBSA calculations and principal component analysis revealed that ZINC8856727 plays a vital role in the stability of Evasin-1. We recommend continuing the study by developing a formulation that serves as a potential medicine aid immune response during R. sanguineus infestation.
The use of paracetamol during pregnancy: A qualitative study and possible strategies for a clinical trial
Authors: Vedel Cathrine , Jørgensen Ditte Staub , Kristensen David Møbjerg , Petersen Olav Bjørn , Greisen Gorm
Published: September 2022

Paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), also known as acetaminophen) is used to relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce fever. APAP is widely used during pregnancy as it is considered safe when used as directed by regulatory authorities. However, a significant amount of epidemiological and experimental research suggests that prenatal exposure potentially alters fetal development. In this paper, we summarize the potentially harmful adverse effects of APAP and the limitations of the current evidence. It highlights the urgent need for a clinical trial, and the aim of the presented qualitative pilot study on APAP use during pregnancy is the feasibility of a large-scale randomized controlled trial (RCT). In the qualitative study, we included 232 Danish women from three hospitals in the spring of 2021. After recognizing the pregnancy, 48% had taken any APAP, and 6% had taken it weekly or more than weekly. A total of 27% who had taken APAP in the first trimester of pregnancy (even rarely) would potentially participate in an RCT. In a potential clinical trial, the women would need to be included early in the 1st trimester as the suspected harmful effects of APAP lies within this early reproductive developmental window. A possible recruitment strategy was explored. These data suggest that the target population appears positive towards an RCT. As a negative attitude among users has been considered the major hindrance for such a study, we cannot see hindrances for performing an RCT.
Impact of Massachusetts law prohibiting flavored tobacco products sales on cross-border cigarette sales
Authors: Ali Fatma Romeh M. , King Brian A. , Seaman Elizabeth L. , Vallone Donna , Schillo Barbara
Published: September 2022

Background

In June 2020, Massachusetts implemented a law prohibiting the sale of all flavored tobacco products, including menthol cigarettes. This law was associated with significant declines in overall cigarette and menthol cigarette sales in Massachusetts, however it is unknown whether the law has increased cross-border sales in neighboring states where menthol cigarettes are still sold.

Methods

U.S. cigarette retail scanner data were licensed from the IRi Company. Cigarette pack sales were summed in 4-week periods during January 2020-December 2021 (n = 832). Outcomes were state-level pack sales per 1000 population, overall and by flavor status (menthol and non-flavored). A difference-in-differences analysis was used to examine adjusted sales for Massachusetts border states (New Hampshire, Connecticut, Vermont, and Rhode Island) before (January 2020-May 2020) and after (June 2020-December 2021) the Massachusetts’s law, compared to 28 non-border states. Control variables included state and time fixed effects; real price per pack; tobacco control policies; COVID-19 cases and deaths, and related statewide closure; and state sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

Following the law, unadjusted sales of menthol, non-flavored, and overall cigarettes trended upward in border states; however, these increases were not statistically significant or different from sales patterns in non-border states. This finding persisted after accounting for product prices, tobacco control policies, the COVID-19 pandemic, sociodemographic factors, and fixed effects.

Conclusion

Laws prohibiting the sale of flavored tobacco products, including menthol products, reduce access to these products, while having no significant impact on cross-border sales in neighboring states where menthol cigarettes are sold.
Towards defining quality in home care for persons living with dementia
Authors: Saragosa Marianne , Jeffs Lianne , Okrainec Karen , Kuluski Kerry
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Accelerating rates of dementia worldwide coupled with older adults living longer in the community calls for greater focus on quality home care support services. Few frameworks for quality dementia home care exist though prior findings have found elements considered to be important for “good” home care for people living with dementia. This study aimed to identify core components of a quality home care experience for people with dementia and their caregivers.

Methods

As part of a larger research study, in-depth interviews were conducted with persons living with dementia and caregivers (n = 25) to explore hospital-to-home care transitions. The design used for this study was a qualitative description. We used deductive-inductive thematic analysis, which was informed by previous work in this area. Open codes were mapped to pre-determined themes, and for codes not accommodated by an a piori framework, new themes were developed.

Findings

Our findings resulted in 4 overarching themes. Two themes were identified deductively (Availability and Acceptability of Home Care Services) and two inductively (Adaptability and Affordability of Home Care Services). Findings highlight the roles of family—care provider partnerships and responsive support in receiving quality home care, and the cost associated with unmet needs.

Interpretation

With an aging population, an increase in home care client acuity, and post-COVID-19 concerns over long-term care, more attention is needed to improve the quality of home care. The demand for these services will continue to increase particularly for those living with dementia and their families. The findings of availability, acceptability, adaptability, and affordability as core to quality care can help lay the groundwork for a home care framework for persons living with dementia and their caregivers. Future research could benefit from comparative analyses to evaluate the applicability of the findings to non-dementia home care service users and caregivers.
I know what i like when i see it: Likability is distinct from pleasantness since early stages of multimodal emotion evaluation
Authors: Tiihonen Marianne , Jacobsen Thomas , Trusbak Haumann Niels , Saarikallio Suvi , Brattico Elvira
Published: September 2022

Liking and pleasantness are common concepts in psychological emotion theories and in everyday language related to emotions. Despite obvious similarities between the terms, several empirical and theoretical notions support the idea that pleasantness and liking are cognitively different phenomena, becoming most evident in the context of emotion regulation and art enjoyment. In this study it was investigated whether liking and pleasantness indicate behaviourally measurable differences, not only in the long timespan of emotion regulation, but already within the initial affective responses to visual and auditory stimuli. A cross-modal affective priming protocol was used to assess whether there is a behavioural difference in the response time when providing an affective rating to a liking or pleasantness task. It was hypothesized that the pleasantness task would be faster as it is known to rely on rapid feature detection. Furthermore, an affective priming effect was expected to take place across the sensory modalities and the presentative and non-presentative stimuli. A linear mixed effect analysis indicated a significant priming effect as well as an interaction effect between the auditory and visual sensory modalities and the affective rating tasks of liking and pleasantness: While liking was rated fastest across modalities, it was significantly faster in vision compared to audition. No significant modality dependent differences between the pleasantness ratings were detected. The results demonstrate that liking and pleasantness rating scales refer to separate processes already within the short time scale of one to two seconds. Furthermore, the affective priming effect indicates that an affective information transfer takes place across modalities and the types of stimuli applied. Unlike hypothesized, liking rating took place faster across the modalities. This is interpreted to support emotion theoretical notions where liking and disliking are crucial properties of emotion perception and homeostatic self-referential information, possibly overriding pleasantness-related feature analysis. Conclusively, the findings provide empirical evidence for a conceptual delineation of common affective processes.
Inatividade física e sedentarismo e suas interfaces com a saúde pública na Covid-19: revisão de escopo de estudos nacionais
Authors: Silva Augusto Santana Palma , Torres Feitosa Silva Sheila
Published: September 2022

Medidas de enfrentamento ao Covid-19 na forma de políticas do tipo “fique em casa” potencializam riscos associados ao desenvolvimento da inatividade física e ou ao sedentarismo, fatores de risco relacionados às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (doenças cardiometabólicas, endócrinas, renais e pulmonares), tornando ainda mais vulneráveis os indivíduos aos efeitos nocivos da própria Covid-19. Políticas públicas voltadas ao enfrentamento destas condições devem considerar evidências disponíveis que permitam fomentar discussões acerca desta problemática. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de escopo sobre a inatividade e sedentarismo durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Foram consultadas três bases de dados e empregadas 24 estratégias de busca distintas. Foram respeitadas as diretrizes propostas pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs para este tipo de estudo. Oito manuscritos compõem a Amostra Final, com prevalência para incremento (em alguns casos, significativo) da inatividade física (36% e 48,5% para valores mínimo e máximo respectivamente) e do sedentarismo (44,4% e 100%) durante a pandemia. Impacto de ações no manejo da inatividade física e sedentarismo foi alvo de investigação em apenas um manuscrito. Futuros estudos devem considerar medidas de efeito do impacto de abordagens farmacológicas e ou não farmacológicas voltadas à promoção da prática da atividade física e prevenção da inatividade física e ou sedentarismo.
Leaching of saflufenacil in soils with different organic matter contents
Authors: Lucas Heringer Barcellos Júnior  , Christiano da Conceição de Matos  , Gustavo Antônio Mendes Pereira  , Dilma Francisca de Paula  , Nayara Pereira Capobiango  , Antônio Alberto da Silva
Published: September 2022

Saflufenacil is a herbicide recommended for use in the main agricultural crops in Brazil to control eudicotyledonous weeds. However, the application of saflufenacil has been carried out without previous knowledge of this herbicide interactions with soil colloids, which may increase environmental contamination risks. In this study, the leaching of saflufenacil in soil samples was estimated with different organic matter contents. Therefore, PVC columns were filled with samples of Xanthic Ferralsol (XF) and Ferralsol (F), with different physical and chemical attributes. Twelve hours after herbicide (70 g i.a. ha-1) application, the PVC columns were subjected to a rainfall of 60 mm. For the evaluation of saflufenacil leaching, the columns were sectioned in ten parts with 5-cm each. Saflufenacil leached up to 50 and 40 cm deep in the samples, with the lowest contents of organic matter of XF and F, respectively. The increase in organic matter content of Ferralsol and Xanthic Ferralsol samples reduced saflufenacil leaching and the symptoms of intoxication in the indicator species. There was an inverse relation between the content of organic matter and the leaching of the herbicide in both soils studied. It was observed that the application of saflufenacil in soils with low organic matter contents may represent a significant environmental contamination risk of soils and watercourses.
The effects of stress reduction strategies of breathing technique relaxation programme and positive psychology on biochemical variable response among schoolteachers
Authors: Cathrine Thephilah  , Swaminathan Aruna  , Rajagopalan Vijayaragahavan
Published: September 2022

We aimed to investigate the effects of job stress on the biochemical variables of schoolteachers before and after stress reduction strategies. In 2019, 200 schoolteachers (98 males, 102 females) in the private and fully aided higher secondary schools of urban and rural areas in Vellore, India were enrolled in the study based on the principle of consecutive sampling. Questionnaires were used to investigate demographic characteristics and occupational stress-related factors. Fasting blood glucose was detected by venous plasma and a biochemical analyser with the cut-off thresholds method. Salivary cortisol was determined by the specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit method. Total cholesterol in serum was determined by the CHOD-PAP method. Serumalbumin was detected by the bromocresol green dye-binding method on a Roche Modular DP analyser (Roche Diagnostics). Blood pressure was measured by aneroid sphygmomanometers. Levels of fasting blood glucose, salivary cortisol, albumin and cholesterol were lower in the high-tension group than those in the low-tension group. Those of the high-coping strategy group were higher than those of the low-coping strategy group. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure significantly reduced among the intervention groups after administering the relaxation response programme for three and six weeks, respectively, to urban and rural school teachers. Occupational stress can lead to increased salivary cortisol, cholesterol, albumin, blood glucose and blood pressure levels. The relaxation response programme resulted in quantifiable improvements in physiological markers of stress in rural and urban schoolteachers.
Combined effect of corn in the barrier crop and plant extracts against Cowpea mild mottle virus infecting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the field
Authors: Wuye Ria Andayanie  , Lukito Martin , Ermawati Netty
Published: September 2022

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV) is one of the problems that can decrease soybean production. The research was conducted on the combined effects of corn in the barrier crop with plant extracts against CpMMV infecting soybean in the field. The field data was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design. The mean of disease incidence and disease severity is measured from total plants in each replicate plot on each treatment. Planting one or two of corn lines were grown at the edge four weeks before planting soybeans. Cashew nut shell (CNS), pagoda leaf, and rhizome of ginger extracts were applied using the sprayer and applied at 24 h before virus acquisition and transmission by whiteflies. The result showed that the virus incubation period ranged from 9−38 days after transmission longer than the untreated control. Planting two  corn lines at the edge with CNS extract as  bioactivator on soybean was the most extended incubation period of the virus and the lowest absorbance value DAS-ELISA of 0.20. There was a 73.11 % increase in the relative inhibition level of the virus. Planting  corn at the edge with CNS extract proved to be more effective than soybean monoculture with CNS extract. However, soybean monoculture with CNS extract provides a better relative inhibition level of the virus (64.32 %) than planting two rows of corn on the  edge combined with ginger of rhizome extract and planting two rows of corn on the edge with pagoda leaf extract as bioactivator on a soybean plant.
Spray volumes for agrochemicals applied to soybean and wheat crops
Authors: Garcia Luiz Cláudio , Farias Anderson , Dutra Mariana Pankio , Carneiro Rodrigo Pereira , Gomes Jaime Alberti , Menarim Henrique
Published: September 2022

The question of the spray volume for applying agrochemicals to plants has and still demands studies to continuously search for guiding parameters for technicians due to the several variables involving application technology. This experiment aimed to determine the best spray volume for applying pesticides with a boom sprayer to soybean (Glycine max) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) crops. The experiment had a completely randomized blocks design with five treatments and five replications. In soybean (crop year 2011/12), the treatments were the control (no pesticide application) and spray volume applications of 50, 100, 150, and 200 L ha-1. For wheat (crop year 2012), the treatments were the control and spray volumes of 75, 100, 125, and 150 L ha-1. The variables analyzed were the yield components. The study concluded the need for applying foliar fertilizers and performing the chemical control of diseases and pests in soybean and wheat crops. The spray volumes of 50 L ha-1 for soybeans and 75 L ha-1 for wheat were satisfactory for spraying agrochemicals with a ground bar sprayer on plants.
Leaf concentration of macronutrients in oil palm plants fertilized with phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Ismael de Jesus Matos Viégas  , Dias dos Santos Laura , Garcia Costa Milton , Victor de Oliveira Ferreira Eric , Da Silva Barata Henrique , Almeida Seabra Silva Dioclea
Published: September 2022

The concentrations of nutrients in the leaves allow a better understanding of the nutritional status of oil palm plants, making it a tool for diagnosing the origins of nutritional problems and assisting in fertilizer recommendations. In this sense, the objective of the current research was to evaluate the leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in the oil palm under fertilization with phosphate, potassium and magnesium in edaphoclimatic conditions of Eastern Amazon. The experiment was conducted at the AGROPALMA® Company in the municipality of Tailândia, state of Pará, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 4 x 2 x 3 x 2, with four levels of phosphorus, two sources of phosphorus (natural phosphate and triple superphosphate), three levels of potassium and two levels of magnesium. Phosphorus fertilization increased the leaf concentrations of N, P, Ca and Mg, providing higher levels when triple superphosphate was applied. However, in adult oil palm plants (12 years old), there was different on leaf concentrations of N, P, K and S between phosphorus sources aphid. Potassium and magnesium fertilization only increased the leaf concentrations of K and Mg, respectively. Fertilization with P, K and Mg promotes adequate leaf concentrations of K, Ca, Mg e S in oil palm plants grown in the Eastern Amazon.
Ramularia leaf spot and boll rot are affected differently by organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilization in cotton plants
Authors: Palma-Zambrano Oscar J. , Zambrano-Gavilanes Freddy , Portalanza Diego , Garcés-Fiallos Felipe Rafael
Published: September 2022

Interaction among nitrogen fertilization using bovine manure, poultry manure, Jatropha curcas seed cake and urea, and the diseases Ramularia leaf spot (RLS) and Boll rot (BR), caused by Ramulariopsis pseudoglycines and Diplodia gossypina, respectively, in cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.), was studied under field conditions. Intensity (incidence and severity in percentage) of RLS and incidence (%) of BR were evaluated over time, starting in reproductive stage B1 (first visible flower bud). A randomized complete block design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement was used (fertilizers x doses), totaling 16 treatments with four replications. Disease progress was analyzed with the nonlinear Logistic and Gompertz models, obtaining the epidemiological parameters amount of initial disease (Y0) and progress rate (r). Plants fertilized with 50 kg N ha-1, presented an incidence twice greater than those obtained with other fertilizers. The Logistic model better fits RLS, but no model could represent BR. Only the epidemiological parameters of RLS were affected differently in this experiment compared to BR disease. The possible role of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilization in the RLS and BR management is discussed.
London calling (or cooling?): Feature theory, phonetic variation, and phonological change
Authors: Uffmann Christian
Published: September 2022

This article looks at the ongoing merger of /uː/ or /ɔː/ before tautosyllabic /l/, that is, words like call(ing) and cool(ing) in London English, the reasons for this merger and how it can be captured formally. It argues that the merger is the end point of a chain of phonological consequences of a phonetic process, the gradient fronting of /uː/, which leads to a reorganisation of the vowel system. The merger can thus only be understood by looking at the properties of London (Cockney) phonology and ongoing changes in this system. On the theoretical level, this article argues that underspecification in feature theory is crucial to understand the interaction between phonetic variation and phonological change, arguing that the vowel shifts in London English start out as phonetic changes along dimensions that are featurally underspecified. Underspecification thus provides a crucial link between phonological categories and phonetic gradience.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Edebiyat Derslerinde Not Tutmalarını Keşfetme: Bir Dillerarası Geçiş Perspektifi
Authors: İNCİ KAVAK Vildan , KIRKGÖZ Yasemin
Published: September 2022

Bir üniversite dersinde veya seminerde İngilizce not alma (NA), gerektirdiği özel akademik ve bilişsel becerilerden dolayı göz korkutucu bir iştir. Öğrencilerden, konuşmacı tarafından sunulan bilgileri anlamaları, aktarıldığı tarzı belirlemeleri, konuşmanın gerekli ve gereksiz kısımlarını ayırt etmeleri, konuşulan dili kişisel olarak ayırt edilebilir kodlara ve bilgi yığınlarına dönüştürmeleri ve önemli noktaları kaçırmadan konuşma hızında yazmaları beklenir. Not almayı, yükseköğretimdeki öğrenciler tarafından yaygın kullanılan bir kişisel çalışma aracı olarak ele alan bu çalışma, Türkiye'de bir devlet üniversitesinin İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı programında okutulan üniversite düzeyindeki derslerde dillerarası geçiş ve not alma arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamaya çalışmaktadır. Veriler; öğrenci notları, öğrenci ve öğretim üyesi görüşmeleri ve derslerde yapılan gözlemler yoluyla bahar döneminde toplanmıştır. Araştırma, öncelikle üniversite öğrencilerinin içerik temelli derslerde nasıl not aldıklarını araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Öğrencilerin ders notlarında dillerarası geçişi nasıl kullandığına özel önem verilecektir. Örnekler, öğrencilerin ikinci dilde verilen bir dersi dinlediğinde, birinci ve ikinci dil kombinasyonunda notlarını aldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuçlar, dillerarası geçişin sadece öğrenciler tarafından etkileşimlerinde sözlü olarak kullanılan bir araç olmadığını, aynı zamanda not almak için potansiyel bir araç olduğunu göstermektedir. Az araştırılmış bir uygulamaya odaklanan ve ona yönelik tutumları ortaya koyan bu çalışma, öğrenci notlarında dillerarası geçiş uygulamalarının işlevlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu konudaki araştırmanın kapsamının, yazılı uygulamalara ve bunların akademik sınıflardaki tamamlayıcı kullanımlarına genişletilebileceğini önermektedir.
Öğretmenlerin Deneyimleriyle Pandemi Döneminde Uzaktan Sosyal Bilgiler Dersleri
Authors: DERE İlker , AKKAYA Ali Can
Published: September 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, pandemi döneminde uzaktan sosyal bilgiler derslerinin nasıl yürütüldüğünü öğretmenlerin deneyimleri doğrultusunda değerlendirmektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseniyle gerçekleştirilen araştırmada Türkiye’nin çeşitli illerinde görev yapan 14 sosyal bilgiler öğretmeniyle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler, içerik analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitimi farklı materyal ve araçları kullanabilmeye, eğitimi sürdürmeye, teknolojiyi öğrenmeye, zaman ve mekân zorunluluğunu ortadan kaldırmaya olanak sağlayan bir sistem olarak algıladıklarını göstermektedir. Buna karşın öğretmenler, uzaktan eğitimin internet ve teknolojik araç eksikliğinden kaynaklanan bazı sınırlılıklara değinmişlerdir. Bunun yanında öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitim döneminde öğretim için daha çok düz anlatım ve soru-cevap yöntemlerini, eğitim teknolojileri olarak EBA, Zoom ve bazı Web 2.0 araçlarını, ölçme değerlendirme için test ve soru cevap yöntemlerini kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak uzaktan eğitim sürecinde “teknolojik-sistemsel”, “iletişim-koordinasyon”, “öğrenci”, “aile” ve “diğer” başlıkları altında toplanan çeşitli sorunlar vurgulanmıştır. İncelenen deneyimler, tüm sorunların temelde internet bağlantısı, teknolojik araca ulaşma imkânı ve ailelerin çocuklarının eğitiminde nasıl rol oynadıklarıyla yakından ilgili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda alanyazındaki diğer çalışmalarla karşılaştırıldığında farklı branşlarda görev yapan öğretmenlerin de uzaktan eğitim döneminde benzer sorunlar yaşadıklarını, dolayısıyla geliştirebilecek yenilikçi uygulamaların tüm branşlara faydalı olacağını söylemek mümkündür.
İlkokul Öğrencileri İçin Fen Maliyet Algısı Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlama Çalışması
Authors: ESEN Seher , ALKIŞ KÜÇÜKAYDIN Menşure
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı Toma (2021) tarafından geliştirilen fen maliyet algısı ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlama çalışmasını yaparak psikometrik özelliklerini belirlemektir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada bir çeviri ekibi oluşturulmuş, çeviri - geri çeviri işlemleri yürütülmüş, ölçeğin son hâli verilerek geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri yapılmıştır. İlgili ölçek Konya ilinde öğrenim görmekte olan ilkokul 4.sınıf öğrencilerine uygulanmış ardından normallik testleri yapılmıştır. Ölçeğe ait model doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile test edilmiş ve ölçeğin iki faktörlü bir yapıda olduğu görülmüştür. Modele ait değerlerin kabul edilebilir uyuma sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri Cronbach alfa, bileşik güvenirlik ve ortalama varyans değeri dikkate alınarak hesaplanmıştır. İnceleme sonucunda ölçeğin, ilkokul düzeyinde fen öğrenmeye yönelik maliyet algısını hesaplamak için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğuna karar verilmiştir.