bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liver function tests after ligation of hepatic artery
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N.
Published: February 2007

Nine patients with unresectable primary and secondary malignancy of the liver underwent ligation of the hepatic artery (HAL) distal to the gastroduodenal artery as a therapeutic measure. Another patient had a similar operation for hepatic artery aneurysm. Their postoperative liver function tests are studied in detail, and the patterns of change are compared with three other patients who had extensive resection of tissues but without HAL.

It appears that liver function tests rarely became abnormal after major operations, whereas HAL produced an immediate rise of lactic dehydrogenase and transaminase (up to 5–60 times normal value), and creatine phosphokinase (4–15 times normal). All elevated enzymes returned to preoperative levels within a week. Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin rose mildly after HAL and returned to preoperative range in about one week. However, if the patient had repeated surgical stress, anoxic insult, or maximal loss of the hepatic parenchyma, serum enzymes rose only slightly after HAL.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: Report of five cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Zaren Howard A. , Delaurentis Dominic , Paskin David L. , Lerner Harvey J.
Published: February 2007

Five cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma are presented and the relevant literature is reviewed. All the patients had locally extensive tumor or eventual recurrent or metastatic disease. Determining malignancy by histologic criteria is difficult. Therefore, histologic, gross, and clinical behavior of the tumor is important. Though the role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy is not yet established, it appears that at least wide “cancer resection,” if possible, is the treatment of choice. The unusually high incidence of nonresectable, recurrent, or metastatic disease in retroperitoneal histiocytomas raises the question as to whether all three modalities of therapy should be used in the treatment of tumors at this particular site.
Sequential and adjuvant chemotherapy for malignant astrocytoma of the brain
Authors: Kessinger Anne , Lemon Henry M. , Foley John F.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐nine patients with grade III or IV astrocytomas were treated with 1,3 bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea (BCNU), 75–100 mg/M2 intravenously (IV) for two consecutive days every four to six weeks, in an effort to improve the quality and length of their survival following surgical resection. Twenty‐one of these patients received adjunctive chemotherapy as soon as they recovered from surgery and 18 received concomitant adjunctive radiation therapy as well. Eight patients were treated with radiation therapy after surgery, and BCNU was not added until evidence of tumor growth appeared. BCNU was discontinued and the epipodophyllotoxin. VM‐26, was given at a dose of 100 mg/M2 IV weekly when further tumor growth occurred. Patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had a shorter mean and median survival than patients receiving BCNU when progression appeared following radiation therapy. Six patients with progressive disease following surgical resection and radiation therapy for grade 11 astrocytoma were treated with BCNU. Improvement or stabilization of neurologic symptoms occurred in four of these patients. This trial of lower‐dose BCNU therapy produced survival rates similar to higher‐dose studies and permitted fewer physician visits by the patient.
Recurrent breast cancer: Factors influencing survival, including treatment
Authors: Pearlman N. W. , Jochimsen P. R.
Published: February 2007

Factors influencing survival were reviewed in 464 patients with recurrent breast cancer. Site of first recurrence and rate of tumor progression governed prognosis more than choice of initial therapy. Overall median survival was 22—26 months for bone/soft‐tissue disease, 10—12 months for pleura/lung, and 4—6 months for liver/brain recurrence. Patients with slow rates of tumor progression at each site had longer survival terms than did rapid progressors. About 50% of patients with bone or soft‐tissue recurrence had slow progression and long survival, regardless of whether initial treatment was local or systemic. In visceral recurrence, the number of patients with slow progression was doubled with systemic therapy in comparison to local treatment (from 16—20% for the latter to 37—38% for the former). In addition, long‐term survival in patients with similar progression rates was best using initial systemic therapy.
Tumor cell karyotypes in malignant melanoma
Authors: Henry W. M. , Didolkar M. S. , Lopez R. , Tomei L. D.
Published: February 2007

Fifteen malignant melanomas were subjected to chromosomal analysis, in order to determine whether the number of chromosomes in a tumor cell could be correlated to a clinical prognosis. The protocol involved a direct technique which utilized a Colcemid blockade of spindle formation in mitosis to allow study of metaphase chromosomes. The direct method was chosen to reveal chromosome changes in the tumor cell in situ rather than changes in the cultured cell. Two tumors yielded chromosome spreads which could be counted and correlated with a clinical prognosis. Failure to obtain other adequate chromosome spreads were accounted for by the presence of tissue necrosis and the absence of viable tumor cells.
Multiple carcinomas following therapy for Hodgkin disease
Authors: Mullen James L. , Reichman Joseph , Rosato Ernest F.
Published: February 2007

A 52‐year‐old man developed synchronous squamous‐cell carcinoma of the larynx and middle one‐third of the esophagus following treatment for Hodgkin disease. This patient fell into the subgroup of patients treated by intensive radiation therapy followed by intensive chemotherapy. The link between the therapy and subsequent carcinoma is suggestive. Long‐term follow‐up care of patients with Hodgkin disease demands continuing evaluation for this possible complication.
Serum immunoglobulins in breast cancer
Authors: Alsabti ELIAS A. K.
Published: February 2007

Eighty‐one women admitted for breast tumor biopsy have been followed sequentially for 12 months. Thirty‐one women had clinical stage I and II breast cancer and 50 had benign breast disease. All these women had serum immunoglobulin IgA, IgC, IgM and IgE levels measured by immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay preoperatively, two weeks postoperatively, then three months, six months, nine months and twelve months postoperatively. Significant differences were found in IgA and IgG levels preoperatively in the cancer group while no differences were found in IgM or IgE levels at any time. There was positive correlation between the extent of metastatic breast cancer and IgA level. There was negative correlation between the extent of metastatic breast cancer and IgM levels. These findings raise the value of measuring the levels of immunoglobulins in patients with breast cancer as a guide to subclinical spread of the disease. The results may also support the hypothesis of the role of early immune defect in immunoglobulin metabolism in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Pseudo‐chondrosarcoma: Solitary osseous metastases from atypical bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Lokich Jacob J. , Bailey Harry , Bud Dixon D. , Starkey George
Published: February 2007

A patient with bronchogenic carcinoma with a solitary metastases to the femur in whom the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic setting suggested that the primary tumor was the bone lesion (chondrosarcoma) and the pulmonary lesion was a solitary metastasis is presented. This case is added to the limited literature indicating that mucin‐secreting tumors metastatic to bone may simulate primary bone tumors radiographically.
Reductive surgery of unresectable lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Takita H.
Published: February 2007

The only effective therapy for non‐small‐cell lung cancers has been surgical resection. In the present study a patient with unresectable adenocarcinoma of the lung was treated by chemoimmunotherapy and surgery, and has been doing well for 19 months following surgery. The case is presented as an example of treatment of advanced lung cancer by combined modality approach.
Fibroxanthosarcoma of the head and neck
Authors: McColl Harry A. , Moore Gene H.
Published: February 2007

Fibroxanthosarcoma is a variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma probably derived from the primitive tissue histiocyte. It occurs rarely in the head and neck. This lesion may be confused with the benign atypical fibroxanthoma. However, newer histologic criteria may allow definitive differential diagnosis which is important because of the aggressive biologic behavior of fibroxan‐ thosarcoma. Aggressive initial surgery with a consideration of regional lympha‐ denopathy offers the best chance for cure.
Production and secretion of proteolytic enzymes by normal and neoplastic cells
Authors: Barry Boyd J. , Farb Roderick M. , Yost Fred J. , Georgiade Nicholas , Lazarus Gerald S.
Published: February 2007

A possible mechanism for tumor cell invasion of normal tissue might be secretion of proteolytic enzymes. This study compares and contrasts production and secretion of proteinases by cell cultures of normal and chemically transformed mouse epithelial cells. Lysates of normal and neoplastic cells contain similar amounts of neutral proteinase, cathepsin D and plasminogen activator. Neither collagenase nor elastase could be identified in lysates of, or serumfree culture medium bathing, normal or neoplastic cells. Neoplastic cells secrete ten times more plasminogen activator than normal cells. Our data support the hypothesis that plasminogen activator produced by neoplastic cells could function to activate latent proteolytic enzymes secreted by connective tissue cells which might result in spread of neoplastic cells into normal tissue.
Umbilical metastasis as the presenting symptom of cecal carcinoma
Authors: Jager Rama M. , Max Martin H.
Published: February 2007

Umbilical metastases were encountered as the initial presentation of cecal adenocarcinoma in a 62‐year‐old woman. Intravenous infusion of 5‐fluorouracil, along with intralesional injections of 10% 5‐fluorouracil, resulted in regression of the tumor masses on the abdominal wall. Although umbilical metastasis is rare, its significance in diagnosing an otherwise silent colorectal cancer warrants the physician's awareness.
Randomized study of control of the primary tumor and survival using preoperative radiation, radiation alone, or surgery alone in head and neck carcinomas
Authors: Hintz Brace , Charyulu Komanduri , Chandler James R. , Sudarsanam Anam , Garciga Carlos
Published: February 2007

Fifty‐five selected patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck regions were studied in a randomized, prospective manner. The three treatment categories were primary radiation (Gp R), primary surgery (Gp S), and preoperative radiation of 4000 rads in four weeks (Gp R/S). The local control rates for the 44 evaluable patients with a two‐year minimum followup were 24%, 39%, and 43% respectively. Further treatment attempts in patients failing initial therapy yielded local control rates of 35%, 39%, and 43% for Gp R, Gp S, and Gp R/S, respectively. None of the local control rates nor the corresponding survival curves were significantly different at P < 0.10. However, the group sizes were sufficiently small that true differences might not have been detected. Postoperative complications were higher in the primary radiation failures subsequently operated upon compared to the primary surgery group (P = 0.07).
Zinc and copper levels in whole blood and plasma from patients with squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck
Authors: Abdulla M. , Biorklund A. , Mathur A. , Wallenius K.
Published: February 2007

Zinc in plasma and whole blood from 13 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck was significantly decreased, and the copper:zinc ratio in the plasma was significantly higher than in healthy controls.

The plasma zinc was significantly lower in patients who did not respond to therapy and who died within 12 months than in those who responded to therapy and had a remission within 12–15 months. In patients responding to therapy and alive after 12–15 months, zinc in the plasma and whole blood and the copper:zinc ratio became normal.

These results suggest a potential screening and predicting value of zinc in the plasma and whole blood and the copper:zinc ratio in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Thyroid in a Population Irradiated for Hodgkin Disease, 1910–1960
Authors: Gétaz E. Paul , Shimaoka Katsutaro
Published: February 2007

Post‐irradiation carcinoma of the thyroid is usually histologically well‐differentiated. In general, those subjects who developed carcinoma had been exposed to low‐to‐moderate doses of irradiation for benign conditions. We reviewed the charts of 520 patients with Hodgkin's disease seen at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, and found 2 cases of anaplastic carcinoma amongst other thyroidal abnormalities. The existing reports of post‐irradiation carcinoma are reviewed and suggestions are made for the management of heavily irradiated, potentially cured patients with Hodgkin's disease.
A new approach in the immunotherapy of carcinoma of the colon and rectum
Authors: Wallack Marc K.
Published: February 2007

Although the therapy of carcinoma of the colon and rectum has been investigated, little progress has been made in prolonging the survival in these patients. Specific active immunotherapy may provide the answer. Previous investigators have shown that colorectal cancer elicits an immune response and may be susceptible to immunologic manipulation. My laboratory has shown that a live vaccinia virus‐augmented (vaccinia oncolysate) tumor cell vaccine is safe and may be worthwhile in the surgical adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer. Nine patients with advanced cancer were treated. 0/9 showed adverse effect and 3/9 showed lack of progression of disease. Randomized prospective trials are now underway.
Sarcoma of the stomach: Clinicopathologic study of 43 cases
Authors: Bedikian Agop Y. , Khankhanian Nayereh , Valdivieso Manuel , Heilbrun Lance K. , Benjamin Robert S. , Yap Boh‐Seng , Nelson Robert S. , Bodey Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

The records of 43 patients with histologically proved primary gastric sarcoma treated at M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute between 1945 and 1975 were reviewed. Weight loss, abdominal pain, and hematemesis or melena were the most common symptoms, and palpable epigastric mass was the most common physical sign. Ninety‐five percent of the gastric tumors were leiomyosarcomas. The median survival time and the five‐year survival for the 29 patients who had curative gastrectomy were 33 months and 38%, respectively. Morphologic and histologic factors that adversely influenced the length of disease‐free interval and survival following curative surgery included 1) primary tumor 8 cm or greater in diameter, 2) tumor extension to serosa of the stomach, and 3) low grade of differentiation of the primary tumor. Seventy‐seven percent of recurrences in patients with curative tumor resection occurred within two years of resection of the primary. Of the 17 patients with advanced disease who received chemotherapy, two (15%) had objective tumor regression of greater than 50% and survived 16 and 24 months, compared with a median survival time of eight months for patients who failed to respond. New approaches that may improve the results of treatment of gastric sarcoma are discussed.
Cellular immune deficiency in black patients with basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Burns Janis E. , Eisenhauer Emily D. , Jabaley Michael E. , Cruse Julius M.
Published: February 2007

Skin cancer, the most common malignancy in white patients, is rare in black populations. Seventeen black patients have been diagnosed and treated for basal cell carcinoma in the past 20 years at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. Ten of them have died, six of various types of cancer. Of the seven living patients, one had two cancers at the time of study: a new basal cell carcinoma and generalized lymphoma. The majority of patients had some degree of mixed racial ancestry, with medium to light brown skin, a history of heavy sun exposure, and lesions appearing on the head or neck. Highly significant depression of cellular immunity was demonstrated in these patients by T‐cell assay. Altered tumor surveillance is implied as an etiological factor in basal cell carcinogenesis in black patients.
Colony stimulating activity in sera of erythroleukemic mice (RLV‐A)
Authors: Koltun L. , Lobue J. , Gordon A. S. , Fredrickson T. N.
Published: February 2007

RLV‐A serum activity was measured by the agar colony assay to determine the effect of this erythroid dyscrasia on the granulopoietic humoral regulator, colony stimulating factor (CSF).

In general, the sera of early, midstage and terminal animals not given endotoxin had high cluster forming properties compared to normal sera. The sera of early, midstage, and terminal mice treated with endotoxin had only a fraction of the colony forming ability of serum obtained from normal endotoxin‐treated mice (EMS) with the earliest stages of the disease showing least activity followed by a rise in activity paralleling normal EMS, as the disease progressed. Sera from RLV‐A endotoxin treated mice retained ability to stimulate cluster growth especially when compared to the slight activity displayed by normal endotoxin treated mouse sera.
Liver scanning in newly diagnosed breast carcinoma
Authors: Haid Max , Singh Jaspal , Nevinny Hans B.
Published: February 2007

The records of 111 consecutive cases of carcinoma of the breast were reviewed and yielded 66 patients who had undergone liver scanning and determination of the serum alkaline phosphatase (alk p'tase), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). Four of the 66 patients (6.1%) had a focal defect on the liver scan. Two of those two had normal enzymes and two had at least one enzyme elevation. The two with normal enzymes have enjoyed prolonged disease‐free survivals. The two with an elevated enzyme have both expired due to metastatic disease. No correlation could be found between the number of involved axillazry nodes at surgery and the risk of having a focal defect on the liver scan. This study suggests that routine radionuclide liver scanning in the perimastectomy period does not add useful information in the face of normal alk p'tase, LDH, and SGOT.
Granular cell tumor: A clinicopathologic study of 110 patients
Authors: Lack Ernest E. , Worsham R. G. Frederick , Callihan Michael D. , Crawford Benton E. , Klappenbach Scott , Rowden Geoffrey , Chun Byungkyu
Published: February 2007

The clinicopathologic features of 118 granular cell tumors (GCT) encountered at two affiliated hospitals were reviewed. A total of 110 patients were affected over this 32‐year period of study (71 men, 39 women), and in 5% GCT were multiple. Patients ranged in age from 16 to 58 years (average 32 years) and were symptomatic for an average duration of 11 months prior to diagnosis. There was a greater than expected frequency of GCT among black patients (29%). Although tongue was the single most common anatomic site involved, relatively more GCT (44%) occurred in skin or subcutaneous tissue. Less common locations were breast parenchyma (10 cases), rectal mucosa and anus (6), vulva (4), esophagus and larynx (2 cases each). The correct preoperative diagnosis of this protean tumor was made in only three patients. GCT were surgically treated with the average diameter of resected tumor being 1.2 cm (range 0.2–3.5 cm). Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia was noted in 11 tumors and in one vulvar GCT there was overlying in situ squamous cell carcinoma. Tumors were incompletely excised in 24 of 56 patients having adequate followup; only five of these 24 patients experienced a local recurrence of tumor. Malignant behavior was not observed. Results of histochemical and ultrastructural study are briefly discussed. The precise histogenesis of GCT is uncertain but Schwann cell origin is favored in most cases.
Distant metatases of carcinoma of tonsillar region: A study of 475 patients
Authors: Chung Tae Soo , Stefani S.
Published: February 2007

The records of 471 patients with carcinoma of the tonsillar region seen at the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Hines, Illinois, have been reviewed to determine the incidence and location of distant metastases. All patients were male and with histologically proved diagnosis. Seventy‐two patients (15%) of 471 and 33(29%) of 115 patients who underwent autopsy were found to have distant metastases. Squamous cell carcinoma was by far the most common cell type (88 %); however lymphoepithelioma showed the highest incidence of distant metastases. Lung, liver, and bone were the most common anatomical sites of involvement, and thorough work‐up of these organs is highly recommended before initiating definitive treatment and during follow‐up care.
Malignant mesothelioma: A metastasis to the face
Authors: Edstrom Lee E. , Dawson Peter J. , Kohler John , Demeester Thomas R.
Published: February 2007

Malignant mesothelioma can be a confusing disease, resembling either carcinoma or sarcoma. Although it usually causes death rapidly by local and regional spread, distant metastases may be seen more frequently as more effective therapy controls local disease and prolongs life.

Our patient's local and then regional mesothelioma was controlled by aggressive treatment, which allowed him nearly two years of productive life before a metastasis to the right infraorbital region occurred. He died shortly there‐after with widespread metastases.

This is the first reported case of mesothelioma metastatic to the face. This case also emphasizes the association of malignant mesothelioma with asbestos exposure, and points out advances in pathologic techniques that aid in the diagnosis of the disease.
Mycosis fungoides associated with florid sarcoid reactions
Authors: Schwartz Robert Allen , Burgess Gordon H. , Holtermann Ole A. , Baitman Linda , Milgrom Halina , Klein Edmund , Case Robert W. , Kenny Patrick G. W. , Birnkrant Arthur P. , Yaqub Mohammad
Published: February 2007

We report a 59‐year‐old woman with disease manifestations diagnosed as mycosis fungoides (MF), as well as findings of sarcoidosis. The concurrence of these two disorders, both of which may be associated with basic immunopathogenic factors, has been reported. Histologically, the cutaneous findings of both non‐caseating granulomas and an infiltrate compatible with MF in the same site leads to a discussion of granulomatous MF. Whether granulomatous MF simply represents sarcoidosis developing concomitantly with MF lymphoma or is, in fact, a distinct clinical and histologic type of MF is discussed. Reasons why granulomatous MF, like granulomators Hodgkin disease, might have a more favorable prognosis than the usual type of MF are considered.
Serum UDP‐galactosyl transferase as a potential biomarker for breast carcinoma
Authors: Paone Joseph F. , Phillip Waalkes T. , Robinson Baker R. , Shaper Joel H.
Published: February 2007

UDP‐galactose:N‐acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase (GT) is a membrane‐bound enzyme active in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate moiety of glyco‐proteins and glycolipids. A soluble form of GT, present in human serum, has recently been found to be elevated in the presence of various neoplasms. In this study, GT levels were measured in randomized serum samples obtained from normal controls (group I, n = 49), patients with benign breast disease (group II, n = 46), disease controls (group III, n = 50), patients with primary breast carcinoma (group IV, n = 53), and untreated metastatic breast cancer (group V, n = 23). Although substantial serum GT elevations were observed in individual control patients with active inflammatory or metabolic diseases, the mean GT levels were signficantly higher in the groups with breast carcinoma (P < 0.001, 0.001, 0.02; P < 0.001, 0.001, 0.001 for groups IV and V vs groups, 1, II, and III, respectively). Furthermore, when serum GT levels were correlated with the preoperative clinical stage of breast cancer, significant elevations were found in 14.3% (3/21) of stage I, 66.7% (8/12) of stage II, 78.6% (11/14) of stage III, and 96.5% (28/29) of stage IV patients. These data indicate that serum GT levels are elevated in the presence of breast carcinoma and that the enzyme elevations correlate positively with the clinical stage of disease. Serum GT may be potentially useful in the detection of recurrent breast carcinoma and as a marker of tumor response to therapy for advanced disease.
Auditory toxicity effects of long‐term cis‐dichlorodiammineplatinum II therapy in genitourinary cancer patients
Authors: Aguilar‐Markulis Nila V. , Beckley Summolu , Priore Roger , Mettlin Curtis
Published: February 2007

To determine the auditory toxicity effects of long‐term cis‐dichlorodiammineplatinum II therapy, pure tone hearing thresholds were measured prior to therapy and repeated before each subsequent treatment. CDDP was given by a slow intravenous drip method at a low dose of 1 mg/kg body weight, with 37.5 gm mannitol, once a week for six treatments and every 3 weeks thereafter. From a group of 173 genitourinary cancer patients treated, 50 male patients were selected who received at least 12 months of CDDP with no active conductive ear pathology, and whose audiograms obtained at baseline, 6th weeks, 26th weeks, and 52nd weeks of treatment were all available for comparison. Pure tone threshold levels deteriorated across time particularly by the 52nd week and at the higher frequencies. Threshold differences across time were statistically significant and within a linear trend. Of the 50 cases, 30% showed suspect or no ototoxicity, 26% mild, 32% moderate, 2% marked, and 4% showed severe ototoxic changes. Of the two cases who developed severe ototoxicity, one showed complete recovery. There was partial recovery in 26% and no recovery in 54%. Individual variability in susceptibility to and recovery from ototoxicity necessitates systematic audiometric monitoring throughout the therapy.
Disease‐free survival and recurrence after resection of colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Pihl Eric , Hughes Edward S. R. , McDermott Francis T. , Milne Barrie J. , Price Ann B.
Published: February 2007

Recurrence Data From A Series Of 1, 315 Colorectal Cancer Patients Managed By One Surgeon With Potentially Curative Resection Are Presented. Complete Follow‐Up Information Was Available On 1, 287 (98%) Patients. At The Time Of The Last Recurrences, 164 And 232 Months For Rectal And Colonic Tumours Respectively, The Long‐Time Recurrence Rate Was Significantly (P = 0.001) Higher For Rectal Tumours (42%) Than For Colonic (33%). Although Local Recurrences Tended To Be More Common In Rectal Than In Colonic Tumours (18% Compared To 15%), Only Those In Contiguity With The Operative Area Were Significantly (P < 0.005) More Common In Rectal Tumours. Systemic Recurrences Were Also Significantly (P < 0.025) Commoner For Rectal Tumours. The Greater Recurrence Rates In Rectal Tumours Were Associated With Significantly (P < 0.001) Higher Incidence Of Stage C Tumours Shorter Recurrence‐Free Survival In Rectal Stage C Tumours (P = 0.001) And Higher Incidence Of Pulmonary Metastases (P < 0.001).
Factors influencing survival in bilateral breast cancer
Authors: Al‐Jurf Adel S. , Jochimsen Peter R. , Urdaneta Luis F. , Scott David H.
Published: February 2007

One Hundred And Four Patients With Bilateral Breast Cancers, Detected Clinically, Were Studied. Patients With Synchronous Lesions Experienced The Worst Survival. Lymph Node Metastases In The Second Mastectomy Had Obvious Adverse Effect On Survival. The Development Of Scirrhous Carcinoma In The Second Breast Did Not Alter Survival. A Maximum Of 21 Patients Might Have Been Adversely Affected By The Development Of A Second Cancer Because Of Lymph Node Metastases In The Second Breast Only. Survivorship Data Suggest The Adequacy Of Treatment Of Contralateral Breast Cancers When They Become Detectable By Clinical Means Alone.
Retroperitoneal sarcomas: A reappraisal of treatment
Authors: Storm F. Kristian , Eilber Frederick R. , Mirra Joseph , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

Retroperitoneal sarcoma, regardless of the histopathologic grade of malignancy, has a high incidence of local recurrence that is usually fatal. Surgical resection is mandatory and resectability may be improved by a midline transabdominal approach. However, even with total tumor excision, recurrence is high. A preliminary study, combining resection and preoperative adriamycin, found to be effective for established disease, suggests potentially improved prognosis. Further clinical trials employing surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy are warranted.
Radio frequency hyperthermia of advanced human sarcomas
Authors: Storm F. Kristian , Elliott Robert S. , Harrison William H. , Kaiser Lawrence R. , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

Hyperthermia ⩾ 42°C is tumoricidal in vitro and in many animal models, although such temperatures have only recently been achieved experimentally in some human cancers. A recently developed radio frequency device that provides safe hyperthermia to any depth without surface tissue injury now permits evaluation of the effects of hyperthermia on advanced human sarcomas. Twelve patients with large sarcomas located intraabdominally [7], in the chest wall [2], proximal extremity [2], and the neck [1], were evaluated in this study. Tumor types include liposarcoma [3], rhabdomyosarcoma [2], leiomyosarcoma [2], neurofibrosarcoma [2], and one each malignant mesothelioma, undifferentiated sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Intratumor temperatures ⩾42°C were observed in all tumors, with virtually no normal tissue injury. Selective tumor heatin ⩾45°C occurred in 9/12 (75%) and ⩾50°C in 6/12 (50%). One to five weekly treatments ⩾50°C and ten daily treatments ⩾45°C resulted in significant tumor necrosis and pain relief in some patients. Hyperthermia of advanced sarcomas is possible with little host toxicity and may be of potential therapeutic benefit.
Histiocytes in vaginal smears: As prognostic parameter in carcinoma of the uterine cervix
Authors: Gupta Saroj , Rani Abha , Gupta Y. N. , Sanyal B. , Khanna S.
Published: February 2007

Pretreatment vaginal smears of 251 patients with carcinoma of the cervix were counted for the percentage of histiocyte count in relation to benign squamous epithelial cells. No correlation was found between the percentage of histiocyte count and the age of the patient, clinical stage, cell type of squamous cell carcinoma, and clinical radiation response. Also a high histiocyte count is found to be unrelated to 5‐year survival, recurrence, metastasis, or death of these patients. The present study indicates that the histiocyte number appears to have no relationship with immediate or remote prognosis in patients with carcinoma of cervix uteri.
In vivo evaluation of cell mediated immunity against human melanoma
Authors: Akimaru Koho , Stuhlmiller Gary M. , Seigler H. F.
Published: February 2007

Evaluation of cell mediated immunity against human melanoma target cells was performed in an in vivo model using human tumor xenografts growing in Balb/c athymic mice. Intraperitoneal inoculation of 1 × 107 human melanoma cells produced peritoneal carcinomatosis which lead to death of the animals at 23.8 ± 2.6 days (N = 12). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from normal donors were administered to tumor bearing mice, and survival times of 22.0±2.3 days were observed (N = 8). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from four of five normal donors which had been presensitized on monolayers of melanoma tissue culture cells in vitro failed to prolong host survival times. In contrast, PBL obtained from 15 of 20 melanoma patients were found to prolong survival of the tumor bearing nude mice. Of these 15 patients, 8 were undergoing specific active immunotherapy, while 7 had not been sensitized except by the disease process. The ability of PBL obtained from patients to prolong survival of tumor bearing animals did not appear to correlate with either the stage of the disease or the patient's clinical course. The possible mechanisms for the prolonged survival and usefulness of this model are discussed.
Synovial sarcoma of abdominal wall: A case report and study of tumor fine structure
Authors: Al‐Dewachi H. S. , Sangal B. C. , Zakaria M. A. K.
Published: February 2007

A case of synovial sarcoma in the abdominal wall of a 50‐year‐old Iraqi woman is reported. The ultrastructure of the tumor has been studied. Eight other cases of synovial sarcoma in the abdominal wall reported in the English literature up to 1978 have been reviewed.

Synovial sarcomas in the abdominal wall tend to occur with a much greater frequency in women, whereas such tumors occurring in the extremities or the neck are more common in men than women.

No ultrastructural studies of abdominal wall synovial sarcomas could be found in the English literature. The ultrastructural characters of this tumor are similar to those of such tumors arising in the usual sites and the neck. However, the present study has indicated that the light and dark cells reported by earlier workers are not limited solely to the epithelioid areas but are also present in the spindle cell zones.
Cancer statistics of Chinese Versus Americans
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N.(Margaret)
Published: February 2007

Cancer incidence and mortality rates of Chinese in China (Shanghai, Kwangtung), Hong Kong, and the United States (San Francisco, etc.) are presented. The rates for the U.S. white population are included for comparison. Additional mortality rates of Chinese in Japan and incidence rates of Chinese in Singapore and British Columbia are also available. Such statistics emphasize both the distinctions and the similarities in cancer problems among chinese living abroad and Chinese living in China. Some ethnic and cultural differences, as well as differences in age, site distribution, and histological subtype, of certain cancers are discussed.
Multiple biological markers and breast carcinoma: A preliminary study in the detection of recurrent disease after primary therapy
Authors: Waalkes T. Phillip , Abeloff Martin D. , Ettinger David S. , Woo Kwang B. , Gehrke Charles W. , Mrochek Jack E.
Published: February 2007

The use of a selected group of biological markers in breast cancer patients who are disease free but at risk of relapse after mastectomy has potential for detecting recurrent tumor before there is clinical evidence. In this preliminary study, multiple materials were serially analyzed in the body fluids of patients without overt tumor but receiving adjuvant chemotherapy because of positive axillary nodes at surgery. The total frequency of elevated levels was determined and compared for those patients who remained disease free, for those who subsequently relapsed, and for a third group of patients with proven metastases. Frequency of elevation was directly proportional to increasing disease. Although differences in the relative frequency of individual materials was observed, the same trends with increasing tumor burden were found. The results suggest that the serial measurement of biological markers has potential for indicating the presence of occult disease. A nucleus of biological markers to be considered should include carcinoembryonic antigen, urinary hydroxyprolineheatinine ratio for bone lesions, and γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase for liver involvement.
On the end results of surgical treatment of lung cancer patients depending on the type of anesthetic agent
Authors: Wagner R. I. , Frid I. A. , Evtukhin A. I. , Barchuk A. S. , Shulga N. I.
Published: February 2007

The end results of therapy of 346 patients with lung tumors, treated with surgery alone, are compared, depending on the type of general anesthetic agent used. Anesthesia was induced with ether in 220 patients, halothane in 103, and neuroleptanalgesia in 23 cases. All the anesthetic agents were administered in a mixture with nitrous oxide. The basic characteristics of patients, who were divided on the basis of anesthetic agent, were identical. The results show that type of anesthesia during surgical treatment for lung tumor has an effect on the end results of therapy, and the best prognosis is ensured when halothane is used. Further analysis established that the end results of surgery with halothane anesthesia are improved, when partial resection rather than radical pneumonectomy is performed, at stage 2 of malignant disease and when metastases into regional lymph nodes are absent. Such improvement may be explained by stimulation of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal system as well as a relatively lower degree of immunosuppression and development of conditions more adverse for implantation of circulating tumor cells than in the case of ether or neuroleptanalgetic anesthesia.
Local recurrence of gastric adenocarcinomas after gastrectomy
Authors: Papachristou Dimitri N. , Fortner Joseph G.
Published: February 2007

A study of 257 gastric cancer patients treated with gastrectomy and followed to their death showed that (a) the incidence of local recurrence in the field of gastrectomy was 25%; (b) from the three types of gastrectomy used, extended total gastrectomy resulted in the lowest incidence of recurrence, followed by subtotal and total; (c) recurrences were more common in patients with TNM stages I, II, and III tumors where extended total gastrectomy was proven superior (p < 0.05); (d) early stage tumors tended to recur in the gastric remnant and the esophagus; (e) narrow surgical margins and margins involved by disease predisposed to recurrence; (f)not every patient with histologically invaded margins developed recurrence; (g) the risk of recurrence did not decrease with time; (h) the longer the disease‐free interval the better the prognosis; (i) the more advanced the original lesion the longer the disease‐free interval; (j) of all patients with recurrence only 19% had resectable lesions on reexploration; (k) the longer the disease‐free interval the higher the resectability rate; (l) the median interval from recurrence to death was 2 months; (m) the same interval of those undergoing resection was 18 months. Patients with early‐stage tumors treated with gastrectomy should be followed closely for local recurrence and should recurrence develop they should be reexplored if there is no evidence of metastasis.
Effect of major small bowel resection on dimethylhydrazine‐induced bowel carcinogenesis
Authors: Harte P. J. , Steele G. , Rayner A. A. , Munroe A. E. , King V. P. , Wilson R. E.
Published: February 2007

We have investigated the effect of distal small bowel resection on chemically induced tumors of the gastrointestinal tract in Wistar/Furth (W/Fu) rats. Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) (20 mg/kg sc once weekly × 16) was commenced 3 months after rats underwent resection of the distal 30 cm of small bowel (one‐third resection) or after sham small bowel resection (controls). Fifty weeks after the start of DMH administration, tumors were found in 15 of 25 animals who underwent small bowel resection compared to 9 of 31 animals in the control group (P<0.05). After small bowel resection, 8 of 15 tumors occurred at the site of anastomosis but no anastomotic tumors were seen after sham resection. In addition, tumors were larger and more invasive after small bowel resection. These data indicate that major small bowel resection potentiates DMH induced‐intestinal carcinogenesis.
Sacral chordoma: A case study and review
Authors: Spratt John S. , Martin Anthony E. , McKeown John
Published: February 2007

Chordomas are a low grade, tenacious, but eventually lethal neoplasm for which little improvement in outcome has been reported. A current review of the literature and a case report are provided to support this position. The reported sacral chordoma did respond temporarily to chemotherapy. Its rare occurrence precludes controlled studies chordoma; therefore, any response merits reporting. The authors observed that hyperthermic chemotherapy was feasible for treating some chordomas but has not yet been reported. It was evaluated for the patient in this report.
Gastrointestinal tract complications following radiotherapy of uterine cervical cancer: Past and present
Authors: Yoonessi Mahmood , Romney Seymour , Dayem Hussein
Published: February 2007

A retrospective analysis of the gastrointestinal tract complications in 298 patients with cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy at the State University of New York at Buffalo and Albert Einstein College of Medicine affiliated hospitals was carried out. Fifty‐two patients had pretreatment surgical staging (39 transperitoneal and 13 extraperitoneal). Twenty‐four percent had varying degrees of radiation sickness. They all responded to conservative therapy. Seven percent developed Stage I radiation proctitis. In the clinical staging group late complications consisted of: Three small bowel injuries, 4% persistent Stage I, 3% Stage III, and one patient with Stage II radiation proctitis. Among 39 patients who had transperitoneal surgical staging, two small bowel injuries, one case of gastric ulcer, and three cases of radiation proctitis were encountered. Only one of 13 patients who had extraperitoneal surgical staging developed intestino‐vesico‐vaginal fistula. A literature search was conducted, and prophylactic and therapeutic measures are discussed. The importance of careful selection of patients for radiotherapy and recognition of high risk clinical factors is reemphasized.
An unusual presentation of malignant mesothelioma: The incidental finding of tumor in the hernia sac during herniorrhaphy
Authors: Brenner Joseph , Sordillo Peter P. , Magill Gordon B.
Published: February 2007

Two cases of malignant mesothelioma that were found incidently at the time of hernia repair are described. In contrast to the majority of patients with peritoneal mesothelioma, both patients had a relatively prolonged survival after diagnosis, although both eventually died with widespread disease. The possible causes of this unusual presentation are discussed.
Ovarian carcinoma complicated by gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Katz L. Brian , Frankel Albert , Cohen Carmel , Slater Gary
Published: February 2007

Two patients with gastric outlet obstruction secondary to ovarian carcinoma are presented. The importance of considering this complication in an obstructed patient with known ovarian carcinoma is emphasized. Treatment of this condition by gastroenterostomy can lead to significant palliation, as well as allow further treatment of the primary disease by other modalities such as chemotherapy.
Histological and epidemiological features of breast cancer in different religious groups in greater bombay
Authors: Jussawalla D. J. , Yeole B. B. , Natekar M. V.
Published: February 2007

In this paper an attempt has been made to study the histologic and epidemiologic features of breast cancer in women from various religious groups of Greater Bombay. The crude and age‐ adjusted incidence rates are seen to be the highest in the Parsi community followed by the Christian, Moslem, and Hindu groups. In all the religious groups, an increase in incidence of breast cancer is first seen in the third decade. This is followed by a sharp increase up to the age of 50‐54, leading to a slight drop, and then a consistent but slower rise in the older ages. The high risk of developing this cancer in Parsi women as compared with the Christian, Moslem, and Hindu experience may be due to a higher proportion of Parsi women remaining unmarried, their higher age at marriage, lower age at first pregnancy, broad spacing of pregnancies, and fewer numbers of pregnancies. The distribution according to histologic types of breast cancer in India is characterized by a high frequency of infiltrating duct carcinoma. Medullary, lobular, and squamous cell carcinoma were typical histological varieties of the older age groups, whereas ductal carcinoma was encountered mostly in premenopausal women.
Inflammatory cancer of the breast: Analysis of 114 cases
Authors: Bozzetti F. , Saccozzi R. , De Lena M. , Salvadori B.
Published: February 2007

One hundred and fourteen cases of inflammatory breast cancer were reviewed. Actuarial survival curves, independent of the stage and type of treatment, showed a median survival of less than 15 months. As regards the three different subgroups of 80, 14, and 20 women, N0–1–2M0, N3M0, and NxM1 respectively, the actuarial survival curves showed figures of median survival that decreased from 14 to 4 months, according to the extent of the disease. Survival rates for the subgroups of patients treated by radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy followed by radiotherapy, and radiotherapy alone were not significantly different. Neither the more sophisticated therapeutic approaches intended to modify the hormonal medium of the patients, nor the combined chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, proved to be successful. Inflammatory breast cancer should be considered a systemic disease; consequently, in spite of discouraging results, only a systemic therapeutic approach, consisting of aggressive combination chemotherapy and perhaps immunostimulation, seems worthwhile.
Lymphography in the diagnosis of non‐seminoma tumours of the testis
Authors: Wobbes Th. , Blom J. M. H. , Oldhoff J. , Schraffordt Koops H.
Published: February 2007

In a series of 86 lymphograms correlated to histological findings after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection or to laparotomy findings, reliability proved to be 78%. The reliability of lymphograms evaluated as positive was 88%, while that of negative lymphograms was 74%. Retro‐peritoneal lymph node metastases were detected with the aid of lymphography in 58% of the patients. It was impossible to establish a node size above which metastases could be demonstrated with certainty by lymphography.
Screening for breast cancer in a high‐risk series
Authors: Woodard Elizabeth D. , Hempelmann Louis H. , Janus Joyce , Logan Wende , Dean Peter
Published: February 2007

A unique cohort of women at increased risk of breast cancer because of prior X‐ray treatment of acute mastitis and their selected high‐risk siblings were offered periodic breast cancer screening including physical examination of the breasts, mammography, and thermography. Twelve breast cancers were detected when fewer than four would have been expected based on age‐specific breast cancer detection rates from the National Cancer Institute/American Cancer Society Breast Cancer Demonstration Detection Projects. Mammograpy was positive in all cases but physical examination was positive in only three cases. Thermography was an unreliable indicator of disease. Given the concern over radiation‐induced risk, use of low‐dose technique and of criteria for participation that select women at high risk of breast cancer will maximize the benefit/risk ratio for mammography screening.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland‐transition from adenocarcinoma
Authors: Harada Tanekazu , Shimaoka Katsutaro , Yakumaru Kazuhiro , Ito Kunihiko
Published: February 2007

Eight autopsy cases of thyroid carcinoma, in which adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma coexisted, and presented. In these adenosquamous cell carcinoma, pathological findings suggest direct transition from papillary adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma, rather than transformation to squamous cell carcinoma via squamous metaplasia. We believe that squamous cell carcinoma arises from adenocarcinoma of the thyroid in most cases.