bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A computational method for a thermoacoustic boundary layer in a gas-filled tube
Authors: Sugimoto Nobumasa , Shimizu Dai
Published: January 2024

This paper demonstrates a computational method to solve equations for a thermoacoustic boundary layer in a gas-filled tube subjected to a temperature gradient axially. With applications to numerical simulations of thermoacoustic systems, the purpose is to establish a method to evaluate numerically a velocity vb at the edge of a boundary layer directed into a core region in the outside of the layer. The computational method exploits a series expansion in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. Solved is a benchmark example for which analytical solutions are available. Assuming that a quiescent gas is started by an impulse and an acoustic field in the core region is given, an axial velocity and a temperature disturbance in the boundary layer are sought, from which vb is derived. Comparing the numerical solutions obtained against the analytical ones, it is found that the acoustic field and ultimately vb are well obtained with good accuracy. It is thus concluded that the present computational method will apply to numerical simulations based on the boundary-layer theory.
Within-talker and within-session stability of acoustic characteristics of conversational and clear speaking styles
Authors: Ferguson Sarah Hargus , Morgan Shae D. , Hunter Eric J.
Published: January 2024

In speech production research, talkers often perform a speech task several times per recording session with different speaking styles or in different environments. For example, Lombard speech studies typically have talkers speak in several different noise conditions. However, it is unknown to what degree simple repetition of a speech task affects speech acoustic characteristics or whether repetition effects might offset or exaggerate effects of speaking style or environment. The present study assessed speech acoustic changes over four within-session repetitions of a speech production taskset performed with two speaking styles recorded in separate sessions: conversational and clear speech. In each style, ten talkers performed a set of three speech tasks four times. Speaking rate, median fundamental frequency, fundamental frequency range, and mid-frequency spectral energy for read sentences were measured and compared across test blocks both within-session and between the two styles. Results indicate that statistically significant changes can occur from one repetition of a speech task to the next, even with a brief practice set and especially in the conversational style. While these changes were smaller than speaking style differences, these findings support using a complete speech set for training while talkers acclimate to the task and to the laboratory environment.
Fusion of dichotic consonants in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners
Authors: Sathe Nishad C. , Kain Alexander , Reiss Lina A. J.
Published: January 2024

Hearing-impaired (HI) listeners have been shown to exhibit increased fusion of dichotic vowels, even with different fundamental frequency (F0), leading to binaural spectral averaging and interference. To determine if similar fusion and averaging occurs for consonants, four natural and synthesized stop consonants (/pa/, /ba/, /ka/, /ga/) at three F0s of 74, 106, and 185 Hz were presented dichotically—with ΔF0 varied—to normal-hearing (NH) and HI listeners. Listeners identified the one or two consonants perceived, and response options included /ta/ and /da/ as fused percepts. As ΔF0 increased, both groups showed decreases in fusion and increases in percent correct identification of both consonants, with HI listeners displaying similar fusion but poorer identification. Both groups exhibited spectral averaging (psychoacoustic fusion) of place of articulation but phonetic feature fusion for differences in voicing. With synthetic consonants, NH subjects showed increased fusion and decreased identification. Most HI listeners were unable to discriminate the synthetic consonants. The findings suggest smaller differences between groups in consonant fusion than vowel fusion, possibly due to the presence of more cues for segregation in natural speech or reduced reliance on spectral cues for consonant perception. The inability of HI listeners to discriminate synthetic consonants suggests a reliance on cues other than formant transitions for consonant discrimination.
Restoring tolerance with antigen delivery
Authors: Jabri Bana , Abadie Valérie
Published: January 2024

Strategies that modulate antigen delivery are being tested to reverse autoimmunity
De Haas–van Alphen spectroscopy and magnetic breakdown in moiré graphene
Authors: Bocarsly Matan , Uzan Matan , Roy Indranil , Grover Sameer , Xiao Jiewen , Dong Zhiyu , Labendik Mikhail , Uri Aviram , Huber Martin E. , Myasoedov Yuri , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yan Binghai , Levitov Leonid S. , Zeldov Eli
Published: January 2024

Quantum oscillations originating from the quantization of electron cyclotron orbits provide sensitive diagnostics of electron bands and interactions. We report on nanoscale imaging of the thermodynamic magnetization oscillations caused by the de Haas–van Alphen effect in moiré graphene. Scanning by means of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)–on-tip in Bernal bilayer graphene crystal axis-aligned to hexagonal boron nitride reveals large magnetization oscillations with amplitudes reaching 500 Bohr magneton per electron in weak magnetic fields, unexpectedly low frequencies, and high sensitivity to superlattice filling fraction. The oscillations allow us to reconstruct the complex band structure, revealing narrow moiré bands with multiple overlapping Fermi surfaces separated by unusually small momentum gaps. We identified sets of oscillations that violate the textbook Onsager Fermi surface sum rule, signaling formation of broad-band particle-hole superposition states induced by coherent magnetic breakdown.
Molecular insights into atypical modes of β-arrestin interaction with seven transmembrane receptors
Authors: Maharana Jagannath , Sano Fumiya K. , Sarma Parishmita , Yadav Manish K. , Duan Longhan , Stepniewski Tomasz M. , Chaturvedi Madhu , Ranjan Ashutosh , Singh Vinay , Saha Sayantan , Mahajan Gargi , Chami Mohamed , Shihoya Wataru , Selent Jana , Chung Ka Young , Banerjee Ramanuj , Nureki Osamu , Shukla Arun K.
Published: January 2024

β-arrestins (βarrs) are multifunctional proteins involved in signaling and regulation of seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), and their interaction is driven primarily by agonist-induced receptor activation and phosphorylation. Here, we present seven cryo–electron microscopy structures of βarrs either in the basal state, activated by the muscarinic receptor subtype 2 (M2R) through its third intracellular loop, or activated by the βarr-biased decoy D6 receptor (D6R). Combined with biochemical, cellular, and biophysical experiments, these structural snapshots allow the visualization of atypical engagement of βarrs with 7TMRs and also reveal a structural transition in the carboxyl terminus of βarr2 from a β strand to an α helix upon activation by D6R. Our study provides previously unanticipated molecular insights into the structural and functional diversity encoded in 7TMR-βarr complexes with direct implications for exploring novel therapeutic avenues.
Balancing risk-return decisions by manipulating the mesofrontal circuits in primates
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Ohta Yasumi , Onoe Hirotaka , Yamaguchi Reona , Miyamoto Takeshi , Tokuda Takashi , Tamaki Yuki , Isa Kaoru , Takahashi Jun , Kobayashi Kenta , Ohta Jun , Isa Tadashi
Published: January 2024

Decision-making is always coupled with some level of risk, with more pathological forms of risk-taking decisions manifesting as gambling disorders. In macaque monkeys trained in a high risk–high return (HH) versus low risk–low return (LL) choice task, we found that the reversible pharmacological inactivation of ventral Brodmann area 6 (area 6V) impaired the risk dependency of decision-making. Selective optogenetic activation of the mesofrontal pathway from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the ventral aspect of 6V resulted in stronger preference for HH, whereas activation of the pathway from the VTA to the dorsal aspect of 6V led to LL preference. Finally, computational decoding captured the modulations of behavioral preference. Our results suggest that VTA inputs to area 6V determine the decision balance between HH and LL.
Characterization of the immunosuppressive environment induced by larval
Echinococcus granulosus
during chronic experimental infection
Authors: Grezzi Leticia , Martínez Yamila E. , Barrios Anabella A. , Díaz Álvaro , Casaravilla Cecilia
Published: January 2024

The larval stage of
Echinococcus granulosus
causes the chronic infection known as cystic echinococcosis, deploying strong inhibitory mechanisms on host immune responses. Using experimental intraperitoneal infection in C57BL/6 mice, we carried out an in-depth analysis of the local changes in macrophage populations associated with chronic infection. In addition, we analyzed T cells and relevant soluble mediators. Infected animals showed an increase in local cell numbers, mostly accounted for by eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages. Within macrophage populations, the largest increases in cell numbers corresponded to resident large peritoneal macrophages (LPM). Monocyte recruitment appeared to be active, as judged by the increased number of monocytes and cells in the process of differentiation towards LPM, including small (SPM) and converting peritoneal macrophages (CPM). In contrast, we found no evidence of macrophage proliferation. Infection induced the expression of M2 markers in SPM, CPM, and LPM. It also enhanced the expression of the co-inhibitor PD-L1 in LPM, SPM, and CPM and induced the co-inhibitor PD-L2 in SPM and CPM. Therefore, local macrophages acquire M2-like phenotypes with probable suppressive capacities. Regarding T cells, infection induced an increase in the percentage of CD4
+
cells that are PD-1
+
, which represent a potential target of suppression by PD-L1
+
/PD-L2
+
macrophages. In possible agreement, CD4
+
T cells from infected animals showed blunted proliferative responses to
in vitro
stimulation with anti-CD3. Further evidence of immune suppression in the parasite vicinity arose from the observation of an expansion in FoxP3
+
CD4
+
regulatory T cells and increases in the local concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-1Ra.
Hepatitis C virus E1 recruits high-density lipoprotein to support infectivity and evade antibody recognition
Authors: Casiano Matos Jennifer , Harichandran Kaneemozhe , Tang Jingrong , Sviridov Denis O. , Sidoti Migliore Giacomo , Suzuki Motoshi , Olano Lisa R. , Hobbs Alvaro , Kumar Ashish , Paskel Myeisha U. , Bonsignori Mattia , Dearborn Altaira D. , Remaley Alan T. , Marcotrigiano Joseph
Published: January 2024

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a member of the
Flaviviridae
family; however, unlike other family members, the HCV virion has an unusually high lipid content. HCV has two envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2. E2 contributes to receptor binding, cell membrane attachment, and immune evasion. In contrast, the functions of E1 are poorly characterized due, in part, to challenges in producing the protein. This manuscript describes the expression and purification of a soluble E1 ectodomain (eE1) that is recognized by conformational, human monoclonal antibodies. eE1 forms a complex with apolipoproteins AI and AII, cholesterol, and phospholipids by recruiting high-density lipoprotein (HDL) from the extracellular media. We show that HDL binding is a function specific to eE1 and HDL hinders recognition of E1 by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Either low-density lipoprotein or HDL increases the production and infectivity of cell culture-produced HCV, but E1 preferentially selects HDL, influencing both viral life cycle and antibody evasion.

IMPORTANCE

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant burden on human health, but vaccine candidates have yet to provide broad protection against this infection. We have developed a method to produce high quantities of soluble E1 or E2, the viral proteins located on the surface of HCV. HCV has an unusually high lipid content due to the recruitment of apolipoproteins. We found that E1 (and not E2) preferentially recruits host high-density lipoprotein (HDL) extracellularly. This recruitment of HDL by E1 prevents binding of E1 by a neutralizing antibody and furthermore prevents antibody-mediated neutralization of the virus. By comparison, low-density lipoprotein does not protect the virus from antibody-mediated neutralization. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into apolipoprotein recruitment, which may be critical for vaccine development.
VP1 codon deoptimization and high-fidelity substitutions in 3D polymerase as potential vaccine strategies for eliciting immune responses against enterovirus A71
Authors: Hsieh Wen-Sheng , Chao Chiao-Hsuan , Shen Chun-Yu , Cheng Dayna , Huang Sheng-Wen , Wang Ya-Fang , Chen Chien-Chin , Chen Shun-Hua , Hsu Li-Jin , Wang Jen-Ren
Published: January 2024

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) can induce severe neurological complications and even fatal encephalitis in children, and it has caused several large outbreaks in Taiwan since 1998. We previously generated VP1 codon-deoptimized (VP1-CD) reverse genetics (rg) EV-A71 viruses (rgEV-A71s) that harbor a high-fidelity (HF) 3D polymerase. These VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71s showed lower replication kinetics
in vitro
and decreased virulence in an Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mouse model of EV-A71 infection, while still retaining their antigenicity in comparison to the wild-type virus. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71s to assess the potential efficacy of these EV-A71 vaccine candidates. Following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71s in mice, we observed a robust induction of EV-A71-specific neutralizing IgG antibodies in the antisera after 21 days. Splenocytes isolated from VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71s-immunized mice exhibited enhanced proliferative activities and cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α) upon re-stimulation with VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71, as compared to control mice treated with adjuvant only. Importantly, administration of antisera from VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71s-immunized mice protected against lethal EV-A71 challenge in neonatal mice. These findings highlight that our generated VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71 viruses are capable of inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses, supporting their potential as next-generation EV-A71 vaccines for combating EV-A71 infection.

IMPORTANCE

EV-A71 can cause severe neurological diseases and cause death in young children. Here, we report the development of synthetic rgEV-A71s with the combination of codon deoptimization and high-fidelity (HF) substitutions that generate genetically stable reverse genetics (rg) viruses as potential attenuated vaccine candidates. Our work provides insight into the development of low-virulence candidate vaccines through a series of viral genetic editing for maintaining antigenicity and genome stability and suggests a strategy for the development of an innovative next-generation vaccine against EV-A71.
Assessing wind impact on semi-autonomous drone landings for in-contact power-line inspection
Authors: Gendron Étienne , Leclerc Marc-Antoine , Hovington Samuel , Perron Étienne , Rancourt David , Lussier-Desbiens Alexis , Hamelin Philippe , Girard Alexandre
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the use of inspection drones has become increasingly popular for high-voltage electric cable inspections due to their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and ability to access hard-to-reach areas. However, safely landing drones on power lines, especially under windy conditions, remains a significant challenge. This study introduces a semi-autonomous control scheme for landing on an electrical line with the NADILE drone (an experimental drone based on original LineDrone key features for inspection of power lines) and assesses the operating envelope under various wind conditions. A Monte Carlo method is employed to analyze the success probability of landing given initial drone states. The system’s performance is assessed by testing two landing strategies, adjusting controller parameters, and considering four different levels of wind intensity. The results show that a two-stage landing strategy offers higher probabilities of landing success and gives insight regarding the best controller parameters and the maximum wind level for which the system is robust. Finally, an experimental demonstration of the system landing autonomously on a power line is presented.
Conducting community-led research using trail cameras to develop baseline wandering domestic cat local abundance estimates
Authors: Gow Elizabeth A. , Aubrey Ben , Cossar Lydia , Mazerolle Carter , Cheskey Edward
Published: January 2024

Assessing cat local abundance provides information on where wandering cat numbers are highest and what habitats or factors are associated with wandering cats. A variety of stakeholders can lead this research and then use the findings to make scientifically informed decisions to guide the physical locations of cat management actions. Here, we document a framework that engages community members, uses minimal equipment (six trail cameras), and provides scientifically derived information for interested parties to inform, direct, or test the effectiveness of cat management practices. Using these methods in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, we demonstrate how we estimated cat population size and cat local abundances across a variety of co-variates while accounting for non-perfect detection by using 55 trail camera sites and N-mixture models. Urban areas had three-fold higher local wandering cat abundances than parkland areas, and neighbourhoods below the median income had the highest local abundances of wandering cats. We estimated there are between 8905 and 48,419 (mean 21,298) wandering cats in Gatineau, with 18%–73% of those cats being unowned. These findings can be used to identify locations for future cat management. If estimates of cat abundance are repeated, they can assess the effectiveness of management actions.
Hydrogen generation and heterogeneity of the serpentinization process at all scales: Turon de Técouère lherzolite case study, Pyrenees (France)
Authors: Loiseau Keanu , Aubourg Charles , Petit Valentin , Bordes Sébastien , Lefeuvre Nicolas , Thomas Eric , Hoareau Guilhem , Moretti Isabelle
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen (H
2
) emanations have been recognized in the south and north of the Pyrenees fold belt, within its two forelands. The proposed source is a mantle wedge quite close to the surface that is currently undergoing serpentinization. The migration pathway seems to be the deep rooting faults, as the H
2
content is higher where the faults reach the surface. The zone of current H
2
generation is around 10 km deep. It is evident from filed observations that kilometric pieces of mantle have been incorporated into the thrusts and outcrop in a few areas along the mountain belt. We studied the Turon de Tecouère, one of these mantle-derived bodies, using various field and laboratory tools that focused on the characterization of its alteration, the degree of serpentinization and its heterogeneity at the kilometre scale. Accordingly, the magnetic field and magnetic susceptibility were mapped, classical optical observations and 3D scans of some samples were performed, and H
2
soil gas content mapping was carried out. The results show a heterogenous degree of serpentinization ranging from 3 to 62% at the kilometre to the micrometre scale. As the temperature and burial history are the same throughout the Turon de Tecouère, these factors were not sufficient to characterize the level of transformation in the H
2
-generating rock. The soil gas measurements show current H
2
emanations in and around the Turon de Tecouère. Near-surface H
2
production of this mantle body is unlikely, based on the current knowledge of H
2
generation kinetics. To explain these emanations, we favour a preferential migration pathway within the root of the Turon and the surrounding faults.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Hydrogen as a future energy source collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/hydrogen
Lithium: critical, or not so critical?
Authors: Gardiner Nicholas J. , Jowitt Simon M. , Sykes John P.
Published: January 2024

Some metals necessary to deliver renewable energy are considered critical. Metal criticality is a major factor in achieving energy decarbonization, leading to efforts to make metals
uncritical
. Among the most critical is lithium which, like many critical metals, represents a small-scale market experiencing significant demand increase causing price and supply volatility, thereby hindering necessary transformative investment. Global lithium demand is soaring, with current supply now dominated by pegmatite-sourced lithium hydroxide. Clay extraction has yet to be industrially proven, thus there remains uncertainty from where and in what quantity future lithium supply will come, and whether lithium remains critical, however geoscience research is best focused on pegmatite and clay-sourced lithium to improve discovery and extraction. Of five lithium criticality scenarios (business as usual; clays onstream; everything plus recycling; shift away from lithium; black swan event), only two project a longer-term criticality reduction. However, few metals will be critical over the very long term as techno-economic and environmental, social, and governance challenges can be overcome and/or metal demand will be structurally adjusted by substitution. Although criticality may be a short to medium term barrier to the energy transition, effective research and overall market forces will reduce the majority of mineral criticality over the longer term.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of The energy-critical metals for a low carbon transition collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/critical-metals
On Cyber-Physical Fault Resilience in Data Communication: A Case From A LoRaWAN Network Systems Design
Authors: Wang Chao , Chuang Cheng-Hsun , Chen Yu-Wei , Chen Yun-Fan
Published: January 2024

Systems offering fault-resilient, energy-efficient, soft real-time data communication have wide applications in Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT). While there have been extensive studies for fault resilience in real-time embedded systems, investigations from the cyber-physical systems (CPS) perspective are still much needed, as CPS faults occur not just from abnormal conditions in the software/hardware of the system but also from the physical environment in which the system operates. At the same time, in addition to conventional fault-tolerance strategies embedded in the software/hardware of the target system, CPS faults could be mitigated via some strategic systems re-configuration made available by the physical environment. This article presents a design and implementation for CPS fault-resilient data communication in the context of IIoT networks running LoRaWAN, a low-power wide-area networking standard. The proposed design combines collaborative IIoT end devices plus a network gateway piggybacked on a third-party cruising object that is part of the environment. With the focus on data communication, the study illustrates challenges and opportunities to address CPS fault resilience while meeting the needs for energy efficiency and communication timeliness that are common to IIoT systems. The implementation of the design is based on ChirpStack, a widely used open source framework for LoRaWAN. The results from experiment and simulation both show that the proposed scheme can tolerate limited errors of data communication while saving operating energy and maintaining timeliness of data communication to some extent.
HGSSA-bi LSTM: A Secure Multimodal Biometric Sensing Using Optimized Bi-Directional Long Short-Term Memory with Self-Attention
Authors: Priyani Juhi , Nanglia Pankaj , Singh Paramjit , Shokeen Vikrant , Sharma Anshu
Published: January 2024

Biometric sensing technology has become a frequent element of everyday life as a result of the global demand for information security and safety legislation. In recent years, multimodal biometrics technology has become increasingly popular due to its ability to overcome the shortcomings of unimodal biometric systems. A HGSSA-Bi LSTM (Bi-directional long short-term memory) modal is presented in this paper for multimodal biometric identification. For removal of noise (unwanted) the pre-processing stage is used in the initial stage. An extended cascaded filter (ECF) is used with a combination of median and wiener filter in the pre-processing stage. Then, using the CNN model, feature extraction is utilized to extract features from the processed images. After feature extraction, fusing of feature is used with the aid of discriminant correlation analysis (DCA). Finally, the recognition process is performed by using the novel optimized hunger game search self-attention based Bi-LSTM model (HGSSA-Bi LSTM). The obtained outcome for the developed model is finally compared with other previous approaches such as CNN, RNN, DNN, and autoencoder models and the calculated performance based on accuracy 98.5%, precision 98%, F1-score 97.5%, sensitivity 98.5%, and specificity 99% accordingly.
Recent advances in understanding the kidney circadian clock mechanism
Authors: Juffre Alexandria , Gumz Michelle L.
Published: January 2024

Circadian rhythms are endogenous biological oscillations that regulate various physiological processes in organisms, including kidney function. The kidney plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating water and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and excretion of metabolic waste products, all of which display circadian rhythmicity. For this reason, studying the circadian regulation of the kidney is important, and the time of day is a biological and experimental variable that must be considered. Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian regulation within the kidney. In this review, the current knowledge regarding circadian rhythms in the kidney is explored, focusing on the molecular clock machinery, circadian control of renal functions, and the impact of disrupted circadian rhythms on kidney health. In addition, parameters that should be considered and future directions are outlined in this review.
Altered locomotor muscle metaboreflex control of ventilation in patients with COPD
Authors: Aranda Liliane C. , Ribeiro Indyanara C. , Freitas Tiago O. , Degani-Costa Luiza H. , Dias Danielle S. , De Angelis Katia , Paixão Ailma O. , Brum Patricia C. , Oliveira Acary S. B. , Vianna Lauro C. , Nery Luiz E. , Silva Bruno M.
Published: January 2024

This study’s integrative physiology approach provides evidence for a specific alteration in locomotor muscle metaboreflex control of ventilation in patients with COPD. Furthermore, molecular analyses of a skeletal muscle biopsy suggest that the amount of muscle metaboreceptor stimuli derived from type II skeletal myocytes and redox imbalance overcame a downregulation of metabolically sensitive muscle afferents.
Higher resistance training volume offsets muscle hypertrophy nonresponsiveness in older individuals
Authors: Lixandrão Manoel E. , Bamman Marcas , Vechin Felipe C. , Conceicao Miguel S. , Telles Guilherme , Longobardi Igor , Damas Felipe , Lavin Kaleen M. , Drummer Devin J. , McAdam Jeremy S. , Dungan Cory M. , Leitão Alice E. , Riani Costa Luiz A. , Aihara André Y. , Libardi Cleiton A. , Gualano Bruno , Roschel Hamilton
Published: January 2024

Using a within-subject unilateral design, we demonstrated that increasing resistance training (RT) volume may be a simple, effective strategy to improve muscle hypertrophy and strength gains among older adults who do not respond to low-volume RT. In addition, it could most likely be used to further improve hypertrophic outcomes in responders.
Machine Learning‐Based Distraction‐Free Method for Measuring the Optical Displacement of Long‐Span Bridge Structures
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2024

A photogrammetric displacement measurement method based on machine learning was proposed to improve the robustness to environmental disturbances. (1) To reduce the target positioning error caused by environmental vibration especially atmospheric turbulence, a machine learning‐based weighted location algorithm combined with an adaptive window selection strategy was developed. In an outdoor displacement table experiment, the proposed method’s root mean squared error (RMSE) is 0.04 mm when the distance is 50 m, showing better accuracy and stability. (2) To complement/correct the missing or anomalous data caused by adverse external conditions, such as severe occlusion or camera shaking, a fast data self‐diagnosis using a correlation vector machine was performed to make full use of the full‐field measurement results obtained from the images. The applicability of the proposed method in extreme cases was demonstrated in designed experiments and an actual displacement measurement task of a long‐span bridge subjected to vortex‐induced vibration.
Mathematical Modelling of Host-Pest Interaction in the Presence of Insecticides and Resistance: A Case of Fall Armyworm
Authors: Gatwiri Moreen Brenda , Ronoh Marilyn , Ngari Cyrus Gitonga , Kitavi Dominic Makaa
Published: January 2024

Several pest management programs have been developed to control rising agricultural pest populations. However, the challenge of rapid evolution and pest resistance towards control measures continues to cause high production losses to maize farmers in Africa. Few models have attempted to address the issue of fall armyworm (FAW) but have barely incorporated the effect of insecticide resistance. Models with resistance would help predict the dynamics of the FAW population, thus mitigating losses. The main objectives of this work were to develop, analyze, and numerically simulate a susceptible-infected deterministic mathematical model expressing the FAW-maize interaction and population dynamics under insecticidal sprays and resistance FAW larvae. Three model steady states are established. Their local stability is conducted using either the eigenvalue or the Routh–Hurwitz stability criteria, and their global stability is analyzed using either the Castillo–Chavez, Perron eigenvector, or the Lyapunov methods. An expression for the basic reproduction number R0, together with the sensitivity analysis of its parameter values, is provided. Numerical analysis is conducted on various model parameter values. The results established all the model steady states to be locally and globally asymptotically stable at R0≤1. Also, resistance ω increased the infection rates by increasing the FAW larvae survival rate λ and reducing the insecticidal efficacy δR and δN. This work informs the agriculturists and policymakers on pest control with the best ways to use insecticides to minimize pest resistance and enhance efficacy in production. Pest control measures should be modified to lower the FAW survival rate and all model parameters contributing to resistance formation by FAW larvae to minimize FAW-host interaction, thus reducing crop damage.
Guidewire Ablation within the Coronary Venous System for Epicardial or Intramural Ventricular Arrhythmia: A Preclinical Study of Biophysical Characterization
Authors: Xuan Fengqi , Zuo Zhongyin , Zhang Jie , Zhang Shibei , Liu Zichen , Meng Yunfan , Sun Kuo , Han Yaling , Liang Ming , Wang Zulu
Published: January 2024

Background. Catheter ablation failure poses a clinical challenge for epicardial or intramural ventricular arrhythmia (VA); however, guidewire ablation within the coronary venous system (CVS) may be effective and safe for targeting VAs. Methods. The ex vivo phase included four steps. In step 1, the steam pop incidence rates during guidewire ablation at power settings of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 W were analyzed using 10 mm- and 20 mm-tip guidewires. In step 2, guidewire ablation was performed for application durations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 90 s, and the lesion size was measured. In step 3, the effects of saline infusion (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mL/min) on lesion dimensions and steam pop formation were examined. In step 4, an orthogonal array was constructed to obtain the optimal guidewire ablation parameters. In the in vivo phase, guidewire ablation within the CVS was performed in three dogs, and the lesion features in 10 days after ablation were observed. Results. In step 1, the steam pop incidence rates at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 W were 0%, 0%, 12.5%, 62.5%, and 100% using the 10 mm-tip guidewires and 0%, 0%, 0%, 25%, and 75% using the 20 mm-tip guidewires, respectively. In step 2, we found that the lesion areas increased with an increase in the ablation duration (the maximum lesion diameters at 30, 60, and 90 s were 4.9 ± 0.4, 7.0 ± 0.8, and 9.2 ± 0.7 mm in the 10 mm group and 3.2 ± 0.5, 4.5 ± 0.4, and 5.3 ± 0.7 mm in the 20 mm-tip group, respectively). In step 3, we observed that saline infusion was negatively correlated with ablation lesions but had a lower risk of steam pop. The optimal parameters for the 20 mm-tip guidewire ablation were 15 W, 50 s, and 2 mL/min or 20 W, 70 s, and 2 mL/min. In the in vivo phase, effective ablation lesions with maximum and minimum diameters of 3.2 ± 0.3 and 2.8 ± 0.5 mm, respectively, were created by the guidewires during the 10-day observation period after ablation. Conclusion. This novel radiofrequency guidewire ablation technique can feasibly create effective lesions within the CVS, which may improve the efficacy of catheter ablation for challenging epicardial or intramural VA.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Early-onset Colon Cancer Shows a Distinct Intestinal Microbiome and a Host–Microbe Interaction
Authors: Adnan Darbaz , Trinh Jonathan Q. , Sharma Deepak , Alsayid Muhammad , Bishehsari Faraz
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Figure 2: Alpha diversity metrices. Plots showing analysis done using various alpha diversity metrices assessing richness (A) Chaos1, (B) Diversity Coverage, and (C) Rarity-rare abundance.
TABLE 1 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Baseline patient demographics and characteristics
Supplementary Table 8 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 8. Secondary Endpoint: Mean EQ VAS Scores Over Time
Supplementary Table 7 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 7. Secondary Efficacy Endpoint: Duration of Response
Supplementary Table 6 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 6. Secondary Efficacy Endpoint: Progression-free Survival
Supplementary Table 5 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 5. Interim Efficacy Results
Supplementary Table 3 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 3. Comparison of Study Participants with Real-World Population
Supplementary Table 13 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 13. Exploratory Endpoint: Recurrence-free Survival for Patients Undergoing Resective Surgery
Supplementary Figure 5 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Association between BRAF Expression and Progression-Free Survival (biomarker analysis set)
Supplementary Figure 4 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Kaplan–Meier Curve of Recurrence-Free Survival for Patients Undergoing Resective Surgery (exploratory endpoint) (ITT population)
Supplementary Figure 2 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Kaplan–Meier Curve of Duration of Response (key secondary endpoint) (in patients with at least a partial response to treatment)
Beurteilung und Förderung der arbeitsbezogenen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung in der Psychotherapie: Ergebnisse einer Sekundäranalyse einer randomisiert-kontrollierten Studie
Authors: Hansmann Marieke , Angerer Peter , Brenner Lorena , Brezinski Jolanda , Erim Yesim , Feisst Manuel , Hander Nicole , Herold Regina , Kilian Reinhold , Köllner Volker , Kohl Fiona , Rothermund Eva , Schröder Ute B. , Waldmann Tamara , Kröger Christoph
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund: Arbeitsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen (aSW) gelten als Prädiktor für eine erfolgreiche Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz bei Arbeitnehmenden mit psychischen Störungen. Spezifische Interventionen zur Förde­rung der aSW existieren bislang jedoch nicht. In der vorliegenden Sekundäranalyse wurde untersucht, ob ein neu entwickeltes kognitiv-imaginatives aSW-Modul geeignet erscheint, (1) imaginative Bewältigungserfahrungen zu erzeugen, (2) reale Bewältigungsbestrebungen vorzuberei­ten (Verhaltensrelevanz; VR) und (3) die aSW zu adressieren. Methoden: Das aSW-Modul wurde im Rahmen einer ar­beitsplatzbezogenen Kurzzeitintervention durchgeführt und videographiert (N = 22). Die aSW und Indikatoren für imaginative Bewältigungserfahrungen (IB) sowie für die VR wurden anhand der Videoaufzeichnungen durch unabhängige Beurteiler:innen eingeschätzt. Zusätzlich erfolgten Selbstbeurteilungen der aSW vor Behandlungsbeginn und zum Zeitpunkt des aSW-Moduls. Ergebnisse: Alle IB-Indikatoren (Kooperation, Lebhaftigkeit, emotionale Beteiligung, kognitive Flexibilität) waren eher hoch ausgeprägt. Bezüglich der VR-Indikatoren zeigte sich, dass Erkenntnisgewinne mode­rat, Intentionen für Verhaltensänderungen eher hoch und die Identifikation von erfolgreichen Modellen gering ausgeprägt waren. Die Fremdberichte der aSW korrelierten mit der selbstberichteten aSW vor Behandlungsbeginn (r = 0,47, p = 0,025) und während des aSW-Moduls (r = 0,51, p = 0,014). Schlussfolgerung: Im aSW-Modul wurden (1) imaginative Bewältigungserfahrungen erzeugt, (2) Intentionen für Verhaltensänderungen gefördert und (3) selbstwirk­sam­keits­relevante Kognitionen aktiviert. Es erscheint geeignet zur kognitiv-motivationalen Vorbereitung von Bewältigungsbestrebungen. Forschungsbedarf besteht hinsichtlich der Effekte des Interventionsmoduls auf reale Bewältigungs­erfahrungen und die Entwicklung der aSW.
A new species of Pinndorama Domahovski (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Hyalojassini) from the Amazon Rain Forest, Brazil
Authors: Domahovski Alexandre Cruz , Gonçalves Clayton Corrêa , Takiya Daniela Maeda
Published: January 2024

Pinndorama dilatata sp. nov. is described based on specimens from Amazonas State, Brazil. The genus is firstly recorded from the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Goiás, Maranhão, and São Paulo and a distribution map is provided, including new records to P. dianae, P. guartela, P. melanocephala, P. ronurensis, and P. pitanga. The key to males is updated to include the new species and minor improvements.
Habitações - cidade diante da urbanização: lições arquitetônicas
Authors: Cavendish André , Capillé Cauê
Published: January 2024

Os conjuntos habitacionais configuram um intervalo na ocupação urbana genérica e irrestrita. Em geral, as políticas habitacionais, estão associadas a ordenamentos jurídicos e econômicos excepcionais, às margens do ordenamento da cidade. Um estado de exceção político e espacial, uma cidade feita de um arquipélago de arquiteturas que mobilizam a escala urbana. Assim, é valioso observar que há casos em que a arquitetura é capaz de aproveitar a oportunidade de um projeto de habitação em grande escala para produzir valores de uso, de cidade, em contraponto ao sistema de valores de troca. A fim de compreender como essas arquiteturas produzem tal efeito, este artigo se debruça sobre dois casos para extrair lições de projetos que poderiam transformar o modo como pensamos os grandes conjuntos habitacionais.
Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Define the Microvascular Injury Driven by Neuroinflammation in the Brain of a Mouse Model of Hypertension
Authors: Carnevale Lorenzo , Perrotta Marialuisa , Mastroiacovo Francesco , Perrotta Sara , Migliaccio Agnese , Fardella Valentina , Pacella Jacopo , Fardella Stefania , Pallante Fabio , Carnevale Raimondo , Carnevale Daniela , Lembo Giuseppe
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for dementia and cognitive impairment.

METHODS:

We used the model of transverse aortic constriction to induce chronic pressure overload in mice. We characterized brain injury by advanced translational applications of magnetic resonance imaging. In parallel, we analyzed peripheral target organ damage induced by chronic pressure overload by ultrasonography. Microscopical characterization of brain vasculature was performed as well, together with the analysis of immune and inflammatory markers.

RESULTS:

We identified a specific structural, microstructural, and functional brain injury. In particular, we highlighted a regional enlargement of the hypothalamus, microstructural damage in the white matter of the fimbria, and a reduction of the cerebral blood flow. A parallel analysis performed by confocal microscopy revealed a correspondent tissue damage evidenced by a reduction of cerebral capillary density, paired with loss of pericyte coverage. We assessed cognitive impairment and cardiac damage induced by hypertension to perform correlation analyses with the brain injury severity. At the mechanistic level, we found that CD8+T cells, producing interferon-γ, infiltrated the brain of hypertensive mice. By neutralizing this proinflammatory cytokine, we obtained a rescue of the phenotype, demonstrating their crucial role in establishing the microvascular damage.

CONCLUSIONS:

Overall, we have used translational tools to comprehensively characterize brain injury in a mouse model of hypertension induced by chronic pressure overload. We have identified early cerebrovascular damage in hypertensive mice, sustained by CD8+IFN-γ+T lymphocytes, which fuel neuroinflammation to establish the injury of brain capillaries.
Semantic composition in experimental and naturalistic paradigms
Authors: Li Jixing , Lai Marco , Pylkkänen Liina
Published: January 2024

Naturalistic paradigms using movies or audiobooks have become increasingly popular in cognitive neuroscience, but connecting them to findings from controlled experiments remains rare. Here, we aim to bridge this gap in the context of semantic composition in language processing, which is typically examined using a “minimal” two-word paradigm. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we investigated whether the neural signatures of semantic composition observed in an auditory two-word paradigm can extend to naturalistic story listening, and vice versa. Our results demonstrate consistent differentiation between phrases and single nouns in the left anterior and middle temporal lobe, regardless of the context. Notably, this distinction emerged later during naturalistic listening. Yet this latency difference disappeared when accounting for various factors in the naturalistic data, such as prosody, word rate, word frequency, surprisal, and emotional content. These findings suggest the presence of a unified compositional process underlying both isolated and connected speech comprehension.
Explaining the survival of the sickest: altered walking patterns are linked with improved adult survival in Drosophila melanogaster grown with predators during larval development
Authors: Popovs Sergejs , Munkevics Maris , Krama Tatjana , Krams Ronalds , Sledevskis Eriks , Trakimas Giedrius , Zants Krists , Grigorjeva Tatjana , Mizers Valdis , Kolbjonoks Vadims , Jõers Priit , Krams Indrikis
Published: January 2024

Stress caused by predator exposure can lead to various behavioural, physiological, stoichiometric, and biochemical changes in prey. Prior research has shown that growth under predation stress can cause the development of a diabetes-like biochemical phenotype in fruit flies. Exposure to predator risk during larval development decreases flies’ walking activity, improving their antipredator strategies. However, it is unclear which elements of walking behaviour make flies less conspicuous to predators. This study shows that fruit flies () grown with spiders walk shorter distances, accelerate faster and spend more time in a state of motion without movement (i.e., stomping in place) than control flies (). Under predation risk, adult flies grown with spiders survived better than control flies. We suggest that motions without movement may resemble sickness behaviour for predators, which we propose as the main reason for their better survival under direct exposure to predator attacks.