bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promising Areas for Advanced Training of Subject Teachers in the Training System for Participants of the All-Russian Olympiad for Schoolchildren
Authors: Tsvetkova Marina , Abaturova Valentina , Kiryukhin V.
Published: February 2020

The article describes the problem of the current state of the all-Russian Olympiad of schoolchildren: formed accessible creative environment for children with maximum coverage of students in the school stage of the all-Russian Olympiad in all subjects in all schools of the country, on the one hand, and the lack of systematic training with coverage of all subject teachers in all schools of regions of Russia, on the other hand.

The structure and approximate content of the standard training program for subject teachers as school mentors on the specifics of preparing students to participate in the all-Russian Olympiad are presented.
From Inspection to State Control (Supervision) in the Field of Education: Stages of a Long Way
Authors: Ladnushkina N.
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the stages of formation and development of such forms of control over educational institutions in Russia as inspection and state control (supervision) in the field of education
Problems of Strategic Management in the Education System
Authors: Basovskiy Leonid , Basovskaya Elena
Published: February 2020

The paper put forward hypotheses that the conditions for the formation of human capital in the education system and the quality of education are decreasing, that the transition to a post-industrial economic system provides a priority demand and stimulation of the work of highly qualified specialists with higher education. To assess the hypotheses, an analysis carried out using Rosstat data on the structure of unemployment by education levels and on the level of wages of employed workers with different levels of education. The generalization of the results of the analysis made it possible to establish that the value of human capital formed in the education system, the quality of education is steadily decreasing. The human capital of workers, formed in the higher education system, is most in demand in modern conditions, but the quality of higher education, the value of the human capital formed in the process of obtaining it, is steadily decreasing. The reason for the decline in the quality of education is the administrative and control style of management used in the education system and the outdated form of strategic management based on the application of orders, standards and control, which, being inherited from the industrial economy and, as is known, is ineffective and ineffective. Competitive in modern conditions.
What Is Six Hours Worth? The Impact of Lead Time on Tropical-Storm Preparation Decisions
Authors: Regnier Eva D.
Published: February 2020

Emergency managers must make high-stakes decisions regarding preparation for tropical storms when there is still considerable uncertainty regarding the storm’s impacts. Forecast quality improves as lead time until the forecast events declines. Reducing the lead time required for preparation decisions can substantially improve the quality of forecasts available for decision making and thereby, reduce the expected total costs of preparations plus storm damage. Measures of forecast quality are only indirectly linked to their value in preparation decisions and changes in the parameters of those decisions—in particular lead time. This paper provides decision-relevant measures of the quality of recent National Hurricane Center forecasts from the 2014–2018 seasons, which can be used to evaluate reductions in decision lead time in terms of false alarm rate, missed detections, and expected annual costs. For decision makers in some regions with decision lead times of 48–72 hours—typical for evacuation decisions—every 6-hour reduction in required lead time can reduce the false alarm rate by more than 10%.
Promising co-research proposals aim to improve dementia care and healthcare education
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: February 2020

Dementia research is a rich and thriving field of a study, which an examination of recent reseach proposals will reveal. Sarah Jane Palmer details the latest proposals submitted relating to healthcare training and education and their impact on patient outcomes
Recognising and developing the roles of the care home team
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: February 2020

In this new series, Behind The Scenes, consultant editor Adrian Ashurst will discuss the importance of each individual role in the care home, how these roles may develop in the future and techniques to create an effective and fulfilled care team
Computing Kemeny's constant for a barbell graph
Authors: Breen Jane , Butler Steve , Day Nicklas , DeArmond Colt , Lorenzen Kate , Qian Haoyang , Riesen Jacob
Published: February 2020

In a graph theory setting, Kemeny’s constant is a graph parameter which measures a weighted average of the mean first passage times in a random walk on the vertices of the graph. In one sense, Kemeny’s constant is a measure of how well the graph is ‘connected’. An explicit computation for this parameter is given for graphs of order n consisting of two large cliques joined by an arbitrary number of parallel paths of equal length, as well as for two cliques joined by two paths of different length. In each case, Kemeny’s constant is shown to be O(n3), which is the largest possible order of Kemeny’s constant for a graph on n vertices. The approach used is based on interesting techniques in spectral graph theory and includes a generalization of using twin subgraphs to find the spectrum of a graph.
The maximal \alpha-index of trees with k pendent vertices and its computation
Authors: Rojo Oscar
Published: February 2020

Let $G$ be a graph with adjacency matrix $A(G)$ and let $D(G)$ be the diagonal matrix of the degrees of $G$. The $\alpha-$ index of $G$ is the spectral radius $\rho_{\alpha}\left( G\right)$ of the matrix $A_{\alpha}\left( G\right)=\alpha D\left( G\right) +(1-\alpha)A\left( G\right)$ where $\alpha \in [0,1]$. Let $T_{n,k}$ be the tree of order $n$ and $k$ pendent vertices obtained from a star $K_{1,k}$ and $k$ pendent paths of almost equal lengths attached to different pendent vertices of $K_{1,k}$. It is shown that if $\alpha\in\left[ 0,1\right) $ and $T$ is a tree of order $n$ with $k$ pendent vertices then% \[ \rho_{\alpha}(T)\leq\rho_{\alpha}(T_{n,k}), \] with equality holding if and only if $T=T_{n,k}$. This result generalizes a theorem of Wu, Xiao and Hong \cite{WXH05} in which the result is proved for the adjacency matrix ($\alpha=0$). Let $q=[\frac{n-1}{k}]$ and $n-1=kq+r$, $0 \leq r \leq k-1$. It is also obtained that the spectrum of $A_{\alpha}(T_{n,k})$ is the union of the spectra of two special symmetric tridiagonal matrices of order $q$ and $q+1$ when $r=0$ or the union of the spectra of three special symmetric tridiagonal matrices of order $q$, $q+1$ and $2q+2$ when $r \neq 0$. Thus the $\alpha-$ index of $T_{n,k}$ can be computed as the largest eigenvalue of the special symmetric tridiagonal matrix of order $q+1$ if $r=0$ or order $2q+2$ if $r\neq 0$.
A MODEL FOR HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF IRRIGATION LATERAL LINES
Authors: Tolentino Júnior João Batista , Silva Fernanda Oliveira da
Published: February 2020

There are several models for hydraulic designs and optimization of lateral lines depending on the existing pressure head profile and flow which allows designing longer lateral lines, therefore decreasing the cost of the system implementation. A model has been developed to calculate the pressure head and required flow rate at the inlet of lateral line using the back step method. A set of equations was implemented in an algorithm in the R language. For the calculations, the following variables must be provided: pressure head at the end of the lateral line (Hend), coefficients K and x of the characteristic equation (flow-pressure) of the emitter, pipe diameter (D), emitter spacing (Se) and number of emitters (Ne). For the evaluation of the model, the pressure head at the end of the lateral line, the pipe diameter and the number of emitters were varied within the established limits. Relationships between these variables were established by regression analysis using the least-squares method. The model shown in the study was suitable for the calculation of the pressure head and flow rate profile along the lateral line. The power, plateau, exponential and linear equations were adjusted to describe these relationships. These equations can help in the design of irrigation systems by simplifying the procedures in order to meet the design criteria. Also, the proposed equations allow evaluation of the systems still in the design phase.
AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR PSYCHROMETRIC CALCULATIONS
Authors: Corraide da Silva Larissa Carolina , Oliveira Filho Delly , Vargas e Pinto Arthur Caio , Diniz Araujo Matheus Lima
Published: February 2020

Air psychrometric properties are important in several areas of agricultural engineering, such as calculation of evaluation of the animal environment and air control in grain storage units. Due to their relevance and the complexity and the uncertainties in the use of psychrometric charts, the objective of this paper was to develop the software, PsyCalculator, which stands out for the automated function that allows presenting the data acquired through sensors and the respective psychrometric properties of the air, either in graph or tables. The automatic data acquisition system consists of a microcontroller that performs readings of sensors that measure the dry bulb temperature and another variable, which may be: wet bulb temperature, relative air humidity or dew point temperature. Then, the values are sent to the PsyCalculator software system. In addition to the values ​​of dry bulb temperature, the software system presents wet bulb temperature and dew point temperature, values ​​of saturation vapor pressure, vapor pressure, mixing ratio, specific volume, enthalpy and degree of saturation. Among the psychometric variables analyzed, the software developed in the study presented a maximum error of 2.14% for the calculation of dew point temperature. The developed software allows the automation of systems that depend on the psychrometric parameters in a friendly and precise fashion.
Prefrontal functional connectivity analysis of cognitive decline for early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Yu Jin-Woo , Lim Sung-Ho , Kim Bomin , Kim Eunho , Kim Kyungsoo , Kyu Park Sung , Seok Byun Young , Sakong Joon , Choi Ji-Woong
Published: February 2020

Cognitive decline (CD) is a major symptom of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Patients with MCI have an increased likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although a cure for AD is currently lacking, medication therapies and/or daily training in the early stage can alleviate disease progression and improve patients’ quality of life. Accordingly, investigating CD-related biomarkers via brain imaging devices is crucial for early diagnosis. In particular, “portable” brain imaging devices enable frequent diagnostic checks as a routine clinical tool, and therefore increase the possibility of early AD diagnosis. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate functional connectivity (FC) in the prefrontal cortex measured by a portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device during a working memory (WM) task known as the delayed matching to sample (DMTS) task. Differences in prefrontal FC between healthy control (HC) (n = 23) and CD groups (n = 23) were examined. Intra-group analysis (one-sample t-test) revealed significantly greater prefrontal FC, especially left- and inter-hemispheric FC, in the CD group than in the HC. These observations could be due to a compensatory mechanism of the prefrontal cortex caused by hippocampal degeneration. Inter-group analysis (unpaired two-sample t-test) revealed significant intergroup differences in left- and inter-hemispheric FC. These attributes may serve as a novel biomarker for early detection of MCI. In addition, our findings imply that portable fNIRS devices covering the prefrontal cortex may be useful for early diagnosis of MCI.
Open optical communication systems at a hyperscale operator [Invited]
Authors: Newland Matt , Schmogrow Rene , Cantono Mattia , Vusirikala Vijay , Hofmeister Tad
Published: February 2020

Open optical networks present a variety of benefits to service providers and enterprise network operators, such as freedom from single-vendor dependence and the potential to select best-in-class solutions for each individual network role (e.g., line system or optical terminals). In this paper, we discuss two open optical network models: one enables transponder–line system interoperability, whereas the other goes a step further and enables line system–line system interoperability. We examine these models in more detail in the context of an open optical system already deployed at scale. We present real-world experiences and lessons learned with respect to optical link design, software and controls, deployment, and operation, as well as recommendations for future evolution of the network.
Design of a narrowband retroreflector based on guided-mode resonance
Authors: Inoue Junichi , Kusuura Toshiki , Akamatsu Keita , Ura Shogo
Published: February 2020

A narrowband retroreflector consisting of a grating coupler and a waveguide cavity integrated on a highly reflective substrate is proposed. A theoretical model based on coupled-mode theories is discussed to provide analytical expression of the reflection and transmission coefficients under oblique incidence. The retroreflector was designed with a 20-µm aperture for 1540-nm-wavelength operation and 8-deg-angle incidence. Finite-difference time-domain simulation showed a retroreflection spectrum with a bandwidth of 2 nm and a maximum retroreflectance of 85% and a minimum specular reflectance of 5%.
Filter-free single-photon quantum dot resonance fluorescence in an integrated cavity-waveguide device
Authors: Huber Tobias , Davanco Marcelo , Müller Markus , Shuai Yichen , Gazzano Olivier , Solomon Glenn S.
Published: February 2020

Semiconductor quantum dots embedded in micropillar cavities are
excellent emitters of single photons when pumped resonantly. Often,
the same spatial mode is used to both resonantly excite a quantum-dot
state and to collect the emitted single photons, requiring cross
polarization to reduce the uncoupled scattered laser light. This
inherently reduces the source brightness to 50%. Critically, for some
quantum applications the total efficiency from generation to detection
must be over 50%. Here, we demonstrate a resonant-excitation approach
to creating single photons that is free of any cross polarization, and
in fact any filtering whatsoever. It potentially increases
single-photon rates and collection efficiencies, and simplifies
operation. This integrated device allows us to resonantly excite
single quantum-dot states in several cavities in the plane of the
device using connected waveguides, while the cavity-enhanced
single-photon fluorescence is directed vertically (off-chip) in a
Gaussian mode. We expect this design to be a prototype for larger
chip-scale quantum photonics.
Idazlan klasikoak eta eskola
Authors: Rodriguez-Miñambres Paloma
Published: February 2020

Artikulu honetan, haur eta gazte literaturako lan klasiko eta tradizionalei buruz haus- nartzen da, haien definizioaz eta osagai bereizgarriez, bai eta haien jatorriari buruz ere, dela unibertsal- tzat hartzen diren lanen kasuan, dela euskal literatur tradiziokoak ere. Orobat, lan klasiko horien molda- keten eta berridazketen auzia aztertzen da, batez ere moldaketa horietako batzuek, zenbaitetan helburu didaktikoz eginak, berekin dakartzaten galeren eta irabazien ildotik. Lan klasiko eta tradizional horiek egungo eskola-testuinguruan irakasten jarraitzearen beharra eta onurak azpimarratzen dituzte egileek, oinarri hartuta, alde batetik, lan horiek literatur erreferente komunak ematen dituztela, eta erreferente horiek belaunez belaun transmititzea ezinbestekoa dela komunitate baten biziraupenerako; bestetik, lan horiek tresna eta helduleku funtsezkoak ematen dizkietela haurrei, nork bere bizi-ibilbidean eta giza kondizioaren ulermenean aurrera egin ahal izateko.GAKO-HITZAK: haur eta gazte literatura, klasikoak, tradizioa, eskola, oinarrizko hezkuntza
EKI hezkuntza proiektu berritzailea eta bere ikasgaikako inplementazioari buruzko azterketa
Authors: Goni Andrea , Altuna Jon
Published: February 2020

Hezkuntza etengabeko berrikuntzan bere funts eta forma birdefinitzen joan da, me- todo, teoria eta proiektu berrien bitartez. Egungo gizartearen eskaerari erantzun emanez, EKI proiektu berritzailea konpetentzietan oinarritutako ebaluaziora eta formatu digitalera hurbiltzen da. Artikulu ho- netarako buruturiko ikerketa lanak ikasgaika EKI proiektuaren metodologiaren inplementazioa eta ase- betetze maila ezagutzea du helburu. Horretarako, ikastola bateko Bigarren Hezkuntzako 4. mailako 108 ikaslek eta mintegi ezberdinetako 3 irakaslek hartu zuten parte. Lagina honen ezaugarri bereizga- rria Bigarren Hezkuntza osoa EKI proiektuan murgilduta eman dutela da. Ikasleriak Likert motatako galdeketa erantzun zuen eta irakasleriak eztabaida talde batean hartu zuen parte, datu kuantitatiboak eta kualitatiboak bilduz, hurrenez hurren. Maiztasun eta bariantza (ANOVA) analisiak egin ziren emai- tzek ezberdintasun estatistikoak esanguratsuak azaleratuz, ikasgai ezberdinen ezarpenean eta EKIk bere proiektuan funtsezkoak hartzen dituen helburuen lorpenean.GAKO-HITZAK: bigarren hezkuntza, hezkuntza proiektua, kasu azterketa, berrikuntza pedagogikoa, ikasketa metodoa.
TO THE QUESTION OF STATE-LEGAL TRADITION AND CONSTITUTIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN THE RUSSIAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Ryakhovskaya T.I.
Published: February 2020

The author puts forward the assumption that constitutional psychology, being a very contradictoryconcept, due to the lack of concretization of this term, is formed through traditions that can be formalized,expressed in the form of legal norms. With this approach, constitutional psychology becomes an extralegalreflection of constitutional reality, which includes the attitude, perception, reflection of the people aboutcertain events, phenomena occurring in the state.
PROBLEMS OF QUALIFICATION OF CLAIMS OF CREDITORS AFFILIATED WITH THE DEBTOR IN BANKRUPTCY CASES
Authors: Holodenko Y.V. , Nazemcev D.M.
Published: February 2020

Along with the positive development of the institution of bankruptcy in Russia, there are mixed problemsin judicial practice. One such problem is the fate of the contractual claims of the controlling persons of theorganization and other affiliated creditors in the bankruptcy of the legal entity. The law does not explicitlyprohibit the financing of a corporation, through civil designs. However, problems regarding the qualificationof such financing methods arise when a society falls into bankruptcy proceedings. In this part, the courtsare faced with questions about the possibility of reclassifying the debt obligation into a relationship forthe precapitalization of society and recognizing the debt model of financing the requirement “arising fromparticipation.” This article is devoted to problems of qualification of claims of “corporate” creditors inbankruptcy cases. Various approaches of the Judicial Board on Economic Disputes of the Supreme Courtof the Russian Federation to loans issued by participants of economic companies are studied. The need toderogate from the position taken by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is justified in order toprotect the rights of bona fide participants of economic companies.
Professores ou agrônomos? Disputas em torno aos agentes estatais para o desenvolvimento agrícola na província de Entre Ríos (Argentina, 1906-1907)
Authors: Cian Janet Priscila
Published: February 2020

En Argentina, los estudios sobre agencias, funcionarios y políticas públicas han prestado especial atención al análisis del Estado nacional. Por consiguiente, la organización de estatalidad de las provincias resulta un área a investigar. En este artículo se reconstruye un conflicto entre funcionarios de la Dirección General de Enseñanza y la Sección de Agricultura de la provincia de Entre Ríos. Este episodio brinda elementos para la comprensión de los diferentes medios para llevar a cabo la expansión agrícola en este territorio y los rasgos de la construcción institucional de la provincia entre fines del siglo XIX y los primeros años del XX. Su conclusión posibilita mostrar la progresiva importancia que adquirió la política educativa orientada a la formación de maestros rurales como agentes para la transformación del medio rural.
Solidarity Dilemmas in Times of Austerity: Auto-ethnographic Interventions
Authors: Theodossopoulos Dimitrios
Published: February 2020

This article introduces an autobiographical analytical tool that aims to elucidate the complexity and interweaving of opposing ideological positions as these emerge in the field and while writing ethnography. The technique introduced makes visible the split of the author’s identity into two: between that of a hard and a soft Marxist, where each authorial self resonates with a particular local perspective. The split and those who have stimulated it—the real-life protagonists in the field—become reanimated and embodied through the self-mirroring representational lens of graphic ethnography. Overall, the article provides an experimental exercise in reflexive Marxist anthropology, which, apart from ethnographic innovation, engages with the ambivalence and codependence of competing arguments about the ethics of humanitarian solidarity in austerity-afflicted Greece. The essay suggests that local arguments about solidarity are coconstituted through pragmatism and productive self-critique in times of protracted austerity.

Περίληψη

Το άρθρο αυτό εισάγει ένα αυτοβιογραφικό αναλυτικό εργαλείο που στοχεύει στην αποσαφήνιση της πολυπλοκότητας και της συνάφειας αντιθέτων ιδεολογικών θέσεων όπως αυτές προκύπτουν στo ερευνητικό πεδίο και κατά τη διάρκεια της συγγραφής της εθνογραφίας. Η τεχνική που προτείνεται κάνει ορατή τη διάσπαση της ταυτότητας του συγγραφέα ανάμεσα σε έναν σκληρό και έναν αστό μαρξιστή, έτσι ώστε κάθε μια από τις δύο ταυτότητες να αντιπροσωπεύει συγκεκριμένα επιχειρήματα. Η διχοτόμιση του συγγραφέα και εκείνοι που την έχουν εμπνεύσει - οι πρωταγωνιστές της ζωής στο πεδίο της έρευνας - ενσωματώνονται μέσα από τον αυτο-κατοπτρισμό της γραφιστικής εθνογραφίας . Συνολικά, το άρθρο προσφέρει μια πειραματική άσκηση στην αναστοχαστική μαρξιστική ανθρωπολογία, η οποία, εκτός από την εθνογραφική της καινοτομία, αναδεικνύει την αμφισημία και την αλληλεξάρτηση των ανταγωνιστικών επιχειρημάτων σχετικά με την ηθική της ανθρωπιστικής αλληλεγγύης στην Ελλάδα στην περίοδο της λιτότητας. Υποστηρίζεται ότι τα τοπικά επιχειρήματα σχετικά με την αλληλεγγύη αλληλοπραγματώνοντε με ρεαλισμό και παραγωγική αυτοκριτική σε περιόδους παρατεταμένης λιτότητας.
FEM Modelling Possibilities of Glued Insulated Rail Joints for CWR Tracks
Authors: Németh Attila , Major Zoltán , Fischer Szabolcs
Published: February 2020

In this paper the authors detail the possibilities of modelling of finite element method (FEM) of glued insulated rail joints which are applied in railway tracks with continuously welded rails (CWR). A lot of laboratory tests (static and dynamic 3-point bending tests, axial pulling tests) were executed on glued insulated rail joints, the specimens were related to three different rail profiles applied in Hungary: MÁV 48.5; 54E1 (UIC54), 60E1 (UIC60), respectively. The static bending tests with many bay length values were conducted, before and after dynamic (fatigue) tests. 2-D beam models were made in FEM software using semi-rigid hinge as the simplified connection of fishplated glued insulated rail joint. The FEM models were calibrated and then validated with the static vertical displacement values in the middle-bay position measured in laboratory. The model validation was conducted with two methods.
On the Eddy Current Losses in Metallic Towers
Authors: Mahariq Ibrahim , Beryozkina Svetlana , Mohammed Huda , Kurt Hamza
Published: February 2020

The existence of magnetic field around high-voltage overhead transmission lines or low-voltage distribution lines is a known fact and well-studied in the literature. However, the interaction of this magnetic field either with transmission or distribution towers has not been investigated. Noteworthy it is to remember that this field is time-varying with a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz depending on the country. In this paper, we studied for the first time the eddy currents in towers which are made of metals. As the geometrical structures of towers are extremely complex to model, we provide a simple approach based on principles of electromagnetism in order to verify the existence of power loss in the form of eddy currents. The frequency-domain finite difference method is adapted in the current study for simulating the proposed model. The importance of such a study is the addition of a new type of power loss to the power network due to the fact that some towers are made of relatively conductive materials.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Multi-Feedstocks Biodiesel Production from Esterification of Calophyllum inophyllum Oil, Castor Oil, Palm Oil and Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Hadiyanto H , Aini Apsari Puspita , Widayat Widayat , Kusmiyati Kusmiyati , Budiman Arief , Roesyadi Achmad
Published: February 2020

Biodiesel can be produced from various vegetable oils and animal fat. Abundant sources of vegetable oil in Indonesia, such as Calophyllum inophyllum, Ricinus communis, palm oil, and waste cooking oil, were used as raw materials. Multi-feedstock biodiesel was used to increase the flexibility operation of biodiesel production. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a combination of vegetable oils on biodiesel characteristics. Degumming and two steps of esterification were applied for high free fatty acid feedstock before trans-esterification in combination with other vegetable oils. Potassium hydroxide was used as a homogenous catalyst and methanol as another raw material. The acid value of C. inophyllum decreased from 54 mg KOH/gr oil to 2.15 mg KOH/gr oil after two steps of esterification. Biodiesel yield from multi-feedstock was 87.926% with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, temperature of 60 ℃, and catalyst of 1%wt. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Biohydrogen Production by Reusing Immobilized Mixed Culture in Batch System
Authors: Damayanti Astrilia , Sarto Sarto , Sediawan Wahyudi Budi
Published: February 2020

Biohydrogen production via dark fermentation is a prospective renewable energy technology. In the process, reused of immobilized mixed culture is very important as their activities greatly influencehydrogen production. The aim of this work was to evaluate the reuse of alginate beads affecting the biohydrogen production for 45 days. This study in batch reactor were performed using glucose 10 M as substrate, alginate and activated carbon as immobilization matrix materials, chicken eggshell as buffer, and cow dung biodigester as mixed culture. Hydrogen and pH on fermentation product are investigated by gas chromatography (GC) technique and pH meter, respectively. The colony diameter on immobilized and co-immobilized mixed culture was observed using optical microscope and colony diameter was measured using Image-Pro Plus Software v4.5.0.29. The surface morphology of immobilization and co-immobilization beads were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the colonies growth observed using optical microscopy or SEM was apparent only in the immobilization of mixed culture. The average growth and diameter of colonies per day were 90 colonies and 0.025 mm, respectively. The weight of beads and pH during the 45-day fermentation process for bead immobilization of mixed culture were 1.32–1.95 g and 6.25–6.62, correspondingly, meanwhile, the co-immobilizations of the mixed culture were 1.735–2.21g and 6.25–6.61, respectively. In addition, the average hydrogen volume of glucose fermented using an eggshell buffer and reusing the immobilization and co-immobilization beads was 18.91 mL for 15 cycles.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Mathematical Modelling of Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Panel/Array based on the Physical Parameters from the Manufacturer’s Datasheet
Authors: Premkumar Manoharan , Kumar Chandrasekaran , Sowmya Ravichandran
Published: February 2020

This paper discusses a modified V-I relationship for the solar photovoltaic (PV) single diode based equivalent model. The model is derived from an equivalent circuit of the PV cell. A PV cell is used to convert the solar incident light to electrical energy. The PV module is derived from the group of series connected PV cells and PV array, or PV string is formed by connecting the group of series and parallel connected PV panels. The model proposed in this paper is applicable for both series and parallel connected PV string/array systems. Initially, the V-I characteristics are derived for a single PV cell, and finally, it is extended to the PV panel and, to string/array. The solar PV cell model is derived based on five parameters model which requires the data’s from the manufacturer’s data sheet. The derived PV model is precisely forecasting the P-V characteristics, V-I characteristics, open circuit voltage, short circuit current and maximum power point (MPP) for the various temperature and solar irradiation conditions. The model in this paper forecasts the required data for both polycrystalline silicon and monocrystalline silicon panels. This PV model is suitable for the PV system of any capacity. The proposed model is simulated using Matlab/Simulink for various PV array configurations, and finally, the derived model is examined in partial shading condition under the various environmental conditions to find the optimal configuration. The PV model proposed in this paper can achieve 99.5% accuracy in producing maximum output power as similar to manufacturers datasheet.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
The influence of microbial community dynamics on anaerobic digestion efficiency and stability: A Review
Authors: Amekan Yumechris
Published: February 2020

An essential component in sustainable energy development is the production of bioenergy from waste. The most successful bioenergy technology worldwide is anaerobic digestion (AD), which is a microbially-mediated process of organic feedstock conversion into energy-rich compounds (volatile fatty acids (VFA) and biogas) for renewable energy generation. AD is deployed in a range of situations including systems for on-farm energy recovery from animal and plant waste to the processing of food and municipal solid waste (with the additional benefit of land-fill reduction).Anaerobic digesters rely on a diverse microbial community working syntrophycally through a series of interrelated biochemical processes.Each stage in anaerobic digestion is carried out by different microbial groups. Thus, to optimise energy recovery from the AD process, the microbial community must have stable performance over time, balancing the various metabolic functions and taxonomic community composition in digesters. Complicating this balance, it has been found that the presence of ammonia, sulphate, and hydrogen sulphide in substantial concentrations often cause failure in the AD process. Thus, these substances cause adverse shifts in microbial community composition and/or inhibit bacterial growth, that influencing AD performance.  ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Influence of land configuration and fertilization techniques on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) productivity, soil moisture and fertility
Authors: KETEKU Agbesi Kwadzo , KADAM Abhijit Kishanrao , DANA Suchada , BLEGE Precious Kwaku
Published: February 2020

An experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of flatbed (FB), ridges and furrows (RF) and broad bed furrows (BBF) combined with recommended fertilizer dose N30P60K30 kg ha−1 (F1), 75 % NPK (F2), 125 % NPK (F3), 75 % NPK + 25 % N through farm yard manure (FYM)-F4, 75 % NPK + 2 sprays of micro nutrient mixture (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, B and Mo) - 0.5 % at 35 and 60 days after sowing (DAS)-F5 and 75 % NPK + 2 sprays of KNO3 - 0.5 % at 35 and 1.0 % at 60 DAS (F6) on the productivity of soybean in a split plot design. BBF stored 14.15 % more soil water and produced 1058.97 kg ha−1 more yield than FB. A significant 3.76 kg ha−1-mm rain water use efficiency was notice in BBF compared to FB. The yield increment recorded under F6 was 15.6 % higher than F1. Grain nitrogen and oil contents were highest in F3. The residual soil fertility was much improve by F3 and F5. Our result demonstrated that the combination of BBF and F6 were the best technique to increase soybean yield in the Vertisol soil.
Dimensions of the perceived value for wine from the perspective of Slovenian wine consumers
Authors: PESTAR BIZJAK Sandra , HRISTOV Hristo , KUHAR Aleš
Published: February 2020

Perceived value is a subjective impression of the consumer about the value of a product or a service. There is a lack of research and understanding of Slovenian wine consumers preferences, while at the same time the importance of the Slovenian wine sector is increasing. 221 adults from the two biggest Slovenian winegrowing regions who at least occasionally consume and purchase wine were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. The Perval scale was used to measure and identify the factors (dimensions) of the perceived value for wine. Further, the relation between Slovenian winegrowing regions and the perceived value dimensions was investigated. It was shown that respondents from the two largest Slovenian winegrowing regions perceive three different dimensions of value for wine: quality-price, emotional-social, and a dimension where indicators for humane, environmental and region of origin factors highly correlated, and were therefore named terroir. We also found that respondents value Primorska winegrowing region the most, followed by Podravje and other wine regions. Both winegrowing regions correlate to terroir and quality-price value dimensions. It was also found which value dimensions are more important to different socio-demographic groups, which can give wine producers and wine-sellers some ideas on consumer segmentation and marketing strategy.
Comparative study of amaranth species (Amaranthus spp.) in the temperate continental climate of Russian Federation
Authors: DMITRIEVA Oksana , IVANOV Semen
Published: February 2020

Field experiments were carried out in the Chuvash Republic, which is located in the center of the European part of Russia on the banks of the Volga River and has a moderately continental climate with warm summers, cold winters, well-defined transitional seasons and average annual rainfall of 500 mm. There are many cultural and wild species of amaranth in nature, differing in morphological and biological features. The objects of research were four common species of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.): A. cruentus L., A. caudatus L., A. hybridus L., A. spinosus L.. Particular attention in the experiment was paid to the morphological and biological characteristics of plants according to the growth stages during growing season and the formation of the yield of green mass and grain during 3 years of research. As a result of the experiment, the possibility of cultivating a heat-loving amaranth culture in the climatic conditions of the Chuvash Republic was proved and adaptive species for growing green mass (A.cruentus and A.caudatus) and for grain (A.cruentus) were identified.
Enhanced specificity due to method specific limits for relative ion intensities in a high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry method for iohexol in human serum
Authors: Schweinsberg Vincent , Eckelt Stefan , Schulz Anna Marta , Arlt Marcel , Schumann Marc , van der Giet Markus , Tauber Rudolf , Binscheck-Domaß Torsten , Kießling Peggy
Published: February 2020

Background

Accurate assessment of kidney function is needed for a variety of clinical indications and for research. The measurement of the serum clearance of iohexol has emerged as a feasible method to reach this objective. We report the analytical validation and clinical application of a new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) – tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) assay to quantify iohexol in human serum. Specificity was enhanced due to the use of method specific acceptance limits for relative ion (RI) intensities.

Methods

The internal standard ioversol was added to 50 μL serum prior to protein precipitation with methanol. Linear gradient elution was performed on a Waters Oasis® HLB column. Three transitions for both iohexol and ioversol were monitored allowing calculation of RIs. Measurements acquired during method validation were used as a training set to establish stricter acceptance criteria for RIs which were then tested retrospectively on clinical routine measurements (86 measurements) and on mathematically simulated interferences.

Results

The method was linear between 5.0 μg/mL (lower limit of quantification [LLOQ]) and 100.3 μg/mL iohexol. Intraday and interday imprecision were ≤2.6% and ≤3.2%, respectively. Bias was −1.6% to 1.5%. All validation criteria were met, including selectivity, recovery, extraction efficiency and matrix effects. Retrospectively acceptance limits for RIs could be narrowed to ±4 relative standard deviations of the corresponding RIs in the training set. The new limits resulted in an enhanced sensitivity for the simulated interferences.

Conclusions

Criteria for validation were met and the assay is now used in our clinical routine diagnostics and in research.
Long-term biological variation estimates of 13 hematological parameters in healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: Li Chenbin , Peng Mingting , Wu Ji , Du Zhongli , Lu Hong , Zhou Wenbin
Published: February 2020

Background

The complete blood count (CBC) is a basic test routinely ordered by physicians as a part of initial diagnostic work-up on their patients. To ensure safe clinical application of the CBC, reliable biological variation (BV) data are needed to establish analytical performance specifications. Our aim was to define the BV of CBC parameters using a rigorous protocol that is compliant with the Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist (BIVAC) provided by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine.

Methods

Blood samples drawn from 41 healthy Chinese subjects (22 females and 19 males; 23–59 years of age) once monthly for 6 consecutive months were analyzed using an ABX Pentra 80 instrument. The instrument was precisely calibrated. All samples were analyzed in duplicate for 13 CBC parameters. The data were assessed for outliers, normality, and variance homogeneity prior to nested ANOVA. Gender-stratified within-subject (CVI) and between-subject (CVG) BV estimates were calculated.

Results

The number of remaining data for each subject was 442–484 after removing outliers. No significant differences existed between female/male CVI estimates. Except for leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, the mean values of 10 parameters differed significantly between genders, rendering partitioning of CVG data between genders. No significant differences were detected between most BV estimates and recently published estimates representing a Europid population.

Conclusions

Most BV estimates in BIVAC-compliant studies are similar. The turnover time of blood cells and age distribution of participants should be considered in a CBC BV study. Our study will contribute to global BV estimates and future studies.
A polynomial bound for the number of maximal systems of imprimitivity of a finite transitive permutation group
Authors: Lucchini Andrea , Moscatiello Mariapia , Spiga Pablo
Published: February 2020

We show that there exists a constant a such that, for every subgroup H of a finite group G, the number of maximal subgroups of G containing H is bounded above by

a

|
G
:
H
|

3
/
2

{a\lvert G:H\rvert^{3/2}}

. In particular, a transitive permutation group of degree n has at most

a
⁢

n

3
/
2

{an^{3/2}}

maximal systems of imprimitivity. When G is soluble, generalizing a classic result of Tim Wall, we prove a much stronger bound, that is,
the number of maximal subgroups of G containing H is at most

|
G
:
H
|

-
1

{\lvert G:H\rvert-1}

.
Partial trisomy 9p and 14q microduplication in a patient with growth retardation: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Fan Jing , Zhou Jing , Lin Diaozhu , Guo Ying , Li Shaohua , Zhang Shaoling , Liang Liyang , Yan Li
Published: February 2020

Background

Trisomy is a common chromosomal aberration, which usually presents with similar phenotypic abnormalities and developmental delay. Although defined as chromosome abnormalities with recognized symptoms including growth retardation, trisomy 9p and trisomy 14q have been rarely reported to occur at the same time.

Case presentation

Here, we describe a 16-year-old adolescent female affected by developmental delay and mild intellectual disability. She was confirmed to have both partial trisomy 9p (p24.3-p23) and 14q11.2 microduplication by chromosome microarray analysis (CMA). It is speculated that the extra chromosome in the patient may be a derivative 14 chromosome inherited from the parent after 3:1 disjunction during meiosis. The extra 9p segment proves to be pathogenic while the duplicated 14q11.2 remains indefinite.

Conclusions

Further studies are needed to assign the genes responsible for the developmental delay and craniofacial dysmorphisms and appoint dosage-sensitive genes of chromosome 9p.
Elevated serum uric acid, hyperuricaemia and dietary patterns among adolescents in mainland China
Authors: Zhou Hang , Ma Zheng Feei , Lu Yiming , Du Yanyan , Shao Jian , Wang Liya , Wu Qin , Pan Binyu , Zhu Wenxi , Zhao Qihua , Wei Hua
Published: February 2020

Background

Elevated serum uric acid concentrations have been associated with metabolic syndrome. However, only limited information is available on the prevalence of hyperuricaemia in adolescents. Therefore, the aim of our cross-sectional study was to study the prevalence of hyperuricaemia and dietary patterns in adolescents aged 13–16 years living in Yangzhou, China.

Methods

Adolescents were asked to complete a 20-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and provide an overnight fasting finger-prick sample. Principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was used to derive the dietary patterns that might be associated with high uric acid concentrations.

Results

A total of 1070 adolescents were recruited. Of these, 53.6% (n = 574) were females, and 58.5% (n = 625) were within the normal body mass index (BMI) range. The males had a significantly higher serving size and frequency in their weekly food consumption, including meat, poultry, Chinese cereal staple foods and Western-style fast foods, than the females (all p < 0.02). The overall mean serum uric acid concentration and prevalence of hyperuricaemia were 368.6 ± 114.5 μmol/L and 37.9%, respectively. The prevalence of hyperuricaemia was 4.633 times greater among the participants who were overweight and obese than among those who were underweight. On the other hand, the prevalence of hyperuricaemia was 0.694 times lower among the participants who had normal weight than those who were underweight.

Conclusions

The prevalence of hyperuricaemia was relatively high in Chinese adolescents. The prevention of hyperuricaemia measures should be strengthened in adolescents to effectively control for obesity and gout, which tend to persist into adulthood.
Contradiction Club: Dialetheism and the Social World
Authors: Bolton Emma , Cull Matthew J.
Published: February 2020

Putative examples of true contradictions in the social world have been given by dialetheists such as Graham Priest, Richard Routley, and Val Plumwood. However, we feel that it has not been decisively argued that these examples are in fact true contradictions rather than merely apparent. In this paper we adopt a new strategy to show that there are some true contradictions in the social world, and hence that dialetheism is correct. The strategy involves showing that a group of sincere dialetheists can, given an appropriately formed institution, bootstrap contradictions into existence. We discuss objections and consider the implications of this finding for debates over logic.
Convolution operations on time-domain digital coding metasurface for beam manipulations of harmonics
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Yang Jin , Yang Liu Xi , Ke Jun Chen , Chen Ming Zheng , Cao Wen Kang , Chen Mao , Wu Zhan Hao , Chen Jian Feng , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun
Published: February 2020

Time-domain digital coding metasurfaces have been proposed recently to achieve efficient frequency conversion and harmonic control simultaneously; they show considerable potential for a broad range of electromagnetic applications such as wireless communications. However, achieving flexible and continuous harmonic wavefront control remains an urgent problem. To address this problem, we present Fourier operations on a time-domain digital coding metasurface and propose a principle of nonlinear scattering-pattern shift using a convolution theorem that facilitates the steering of scattering patterns of harmonics to arbitrarily predesigned directions. Introducing a time-delay gradient into a time-domain digital coding metasurface allows us to successfully deviate anomalous single-beam scattering in any direction, and thus, the corresponding formula for the calculation of the scattering angle can be derived. We expect this work to pave the way for controlling energy radiations of harmonics by combining a nonlinear convolution theorem with a time-domain digital coding metasurface, thereby achieving more efficient control of electromagnetic waves.
Characterization of mechanical properties of epoxy/nanohybrid composites by nanoindentation
Authors: Zhang Huiying , Li Xiang , Qian Wenjie , Zhu Jianguo , Chen Beibei , Yang Jin , Xia Yu
Published: February 2020

The carbon nanofibers and molybdenum disulfide (CNF-MoS2) nanohybrid material was fabricated and incorporated into epoxy resin to form the nanocomposite coating. Firstly, microstructure observation shows that each CNF was uniformly wrapped up with MoS2 nanosheets, and the nanohybrids were well dispersed in the coating. Then, nanoindentation experiments were carried out to explore the effect of the CNF-MoS2 nanohybrids on the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin coating. The results demonstrate that elastic modulus, hardness and creep deformation resistance of the CNF-MoS2 epoxy resin coating are greatly increased in comparison with both pure epoxy resin and MoS2 epoxy resin coatings. Finally, the underlying mechanism of high-performance tribological behavior of the nanocomposites is analyzed accordingly. It can be concluded that the wrapped structure with MoS2 sheets growing on the surface of CNF increases the contact area and reduces the friction coefficient of the composite coating, while the wear resistance of the nanocomposite coating is also greatly improved due to the superior high hardness of CNF.