bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simple Macro-Fiscal Model for Policy Analysis: An Application to Cambodia
Authors: Baksa Daniel , Bulir Ales , Heng Dyna
Published: February 2022

usiness cycle, Fiscal policy, Cambodia, Forecasting, Simulation, Debt management. Macroeconomic management in many developing countries is often heavily dependent on fiscal policies. This paper develops a semi-structural macro-fiscal model for simulating and forecasting macroeconomic policies in Cambodia. The model is calibrated to capture key characteristics of Cambodia’s economy and serves as a tool for scenario analysis. We demonstrate its application with an illustrative scenario of the macroeconomic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. The model’s results conform with past empirical analyses of the Cambodian economy and generate intuitive and easy-to-understand policy scenarios. Complemented with near-term forecasting tools and expert judgment, the dynamics of the model help to inform policymakers about medium-term transmission channels and thus guide policy advice. In particular, the results could serve as an input for the country’s medium-term fiscal framework and debt sustainability analysis.
Organisational Transformation through Leadership Strategy
Authors: Ahmed Eltigani , Kilika James , Gakenia Clare
Published: February 2022

This paper aimed to deepen the sense-making of organisational transformation in the banking sector through operationalisation of leadership strategy as the set of policy actions and strategic pursuits. The qualitative data were collected from cumulative 96 annual corporate disclosures of the 12 banks listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange as of the year 2020 covering 2007 to 2020 and corresponding to specific systemic disruptive events. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. Two research questions were answered. First, what leadership strategy set do bank executives deploy to achieve organisational transformation? Second, what mechanism explains how leadership strategy translate into organisational transformation? The study found that activation of leadership strategy as an input factor provided a mural for its advancement as a policy tool that can be evaluated in organisational transformation as a manifest output. The study identified a gap in the extant literature that organisational resilience paid limited attention to policy choices and actions deployed to orchestrate organisational transformation as a distinct feature.
Sistem Informasi Radar Cuaca Terintegrasi BMKG
Authors: Prakasa Anantia , Utami Fitria Dwi
Published: February 2022

Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) adalah badan pemerintah yang dilindungi Undang-Undang yang bertanggung jawab menyediakan data dan informasi cuaca di wilayah kedaulatan Indonesia. Hingga tahun 2017 BMKG baru memiliki 41 radar cuaca yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Tersebarnya lokasi radar cuaca ini membuat pengelolaan data dan informasi radar cuaca bersifat sektoral, parsial dan terpecah-pecah dan kurang berdaya guna kemanfaatannya bagi masyarakat banyak. Untuk itu BMKG melakukan terobosan dengan membuat “dokumen cetak biru” yang memperlihatkan sistem integrasi radar cuaca di seluruh Indonesia pada masa mendatang termasuk penambahan radar cuaca baru di lokasi yang belum terliput. Perencanaan sistem integrasi ini mulai dilakukan pada 21 radar cuaca existing di pelbagai lokasi di Indonesia dengan cara menghubungkan radar cuaca tersebut pada jaringan telekomunikasi. Dengan terhubungnya 21 radar cuaca tersebut pada jaringan telekomunikasi maka data radar cuaca bisa dikendalikan dan dimonitor dari jarak jauh selain kesehatan radar tersebut juga bisa dipantau. Lebih daripada itu, data dan informasi cuaca bisa didiseminasi dan diakses setiap saat. Selain itu, data & informasi cuaca tersebut dapat disimpan untuk keperluan peramalan dan analisa cuaca pada masa mendatang. Data dan Informasi radar cuaca tersebut antara lain: presipitasi, arah & kecepatan anging, deteksi pergerakan hujan, intensitas hujan, informasi peringatan dini seperti alerting dan warning cuaca sekitar bandara / pelabuhan.
The ability structure of future officers to perform tasks in «special conditions»
Authors: Bakalkin S. V. , Naumov P. Y. , Bolshakova V. M.
Published: February 2022

The work provides a theoretical understanding and practical identification of the ability structure of future officers to perform tasks in special conditions, which are understood as special legal regimes enshrined in the Russian Federation: emergency situations, states of emergency regimes, martial law, and the legal regime of a counter-terrorist operations. The paper examines scientists’ opinions on the concept definition of abilities and their structure; notes that scientific works of K.K. Platonov, D.K. Kirnarskaya, V.A. Krutetsky, A.N. Leontyev, B.M. Teplova, V.D. Shadrikova, S.L. Rubinstein, V.N. Druzhinin and others are devoted to studying abilities; considers the point of view of the above researchers; draws the corresponding conclusions. The authors establish that professional abilities are referred to special abilities, which are understood as the abilities necessary to perform a certain activity within ta person profession frameworks. They play the role, first, of the conditions to realize an individual as a professional, and then, of the professional activity result. The purposeful formation of certain professional abilities in future officers should be justified by their need for professional activity and fulfill the requirements for graduates of military universities. To understand how the ability to perform professional tasks in special conditions affects forming personal structures of future officers, as well as to find out what role it plays in maintaining and developing the general professional level of future officers, it is necessary to study the structure of this ability. The article reveals that the value-motivational, emotional and strong-willed, intellectual (cognitive), adaptive, activity-practical, communicative components are distinguished as the components of the ability structure of future officers to perform tasks in special conditions.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emotional state of students with disabilities
Authors: Plotnikova M. Yu. , Kokhan S. T. , Sarudeykina Yu. V.
Published: February 2022

The article deals with some aspects of studying the emotional sphere of students with disabilities in the period of distance learning connecting with the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. A research scheme has been developed and implemented to identify correlations between the indicators of the emotional sphere and satisfaction of distance learning. The investigation is based on the study results of 64 students with sensory and physical disorders and somatic diseases studying at Transbaikal State University. Before moving to distance educational technologies during the pandemic, all students were studied in traditional, full-time education form. The diagnostic data analysis showed significant relationships between emotional indicators, as well as emotional ones with parameters of satisfaction with distance learning in students with disabilities.
Двухслойные одномерные полностью консервативные разностные схемы газовой динамики с адаптивной регуляризацией
Authors: Рагимли Орхан Рагим оглы , Rahimly Orkhan Rahim oglu , Повещенко Юрий Андреевич , Poveschenko Yurii Andreevich , Попов Сергей Борисович , Popov Sergey Borisovich
Published: February 2022

Рассматривается проблема численного решения системы одномерных уравнений
газовой динамики в переменных Эйлера. Несмотря на обилие известных разностных схем для решения данных уравнений, существуют случаи, в которых стандартные методики оказываются неэффективными. Например, большинство известных схем плохо разрешают профили решения в задаче Эйнфельдта и подобных ей.
Поэтому целью настоящей работы было построение новой нелинейной полностью
консервативной разностной схемы второго порядка аппроксимации и точности по
пространству и времени свободной от вышеуказанных недостатков. Предложенная
в работе схема основана на схеме А.А. Самарского и Ю.П. Попова, но дополнительно использует регуляризирующие добавки в виде адаптивной искусственной
вязкости, предложенной И.В. Фрязиновым. Схема является неявной по времени и
реализуется с помощью метода последовательных приближений. Для нее теоретически получены условия устойчивости решения. Схема протестирована на задаче
Эйнфельдта и расчетах ударных волн. Результаты численных экспериментов подтвердили необходимые заявленные свойства, а именно: второй порядок по пространству и времени, полную консервативность, монотонность решения в соответствующих случаях.
Моделирование интенсивных пучков заряженных частиц в протяженных электронно-оптических системах
Authors: Козырев Александр Николаевич , Kozyrev Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Свешников Виктор Митрофанович , Sveshnikov Viktor Mitrofanovich
Published: February 2022

Интенсивные пучки заряженных частиц служат рабочим элементом в электрофизических приборах широкого научного и практического приложений. Математическое моделирование интенсивных пучков приводит к решению самосогласованной нелинейной задачи, включающей в себя расчет электрических и магнитных полей, траекторий заряженных частиц и объемного заряда. Под протяженной понимается электронно-оптическая система, размер которой в направлении движения пучка намного больше поперечного размера. Применение традиционных вычислительных подходов к моделированию таких систем не давало удовлетворительных результатов. В настоящей работе предлагаются новые алгоритмы и технологии, направленные на повышение точности и снижение времени расчетов. Они основаны на методах декомпозиции расчетной области и состоят в следующем. Во-первых, протяженная расчетная область разбивается на две подобласти: в первой из них формируется интенсивный пучок, а во второй -- происходит его доускорение и транспортировка. «Сшивка» решений проводится альтернирующим методом Шварца. Во-вторых, в каждой из данных подобластей строится адаптивная квазиструктурированная локально-модифицированная сетка, состоящая из структурированных подсеток. Предлагаемая квазиструктурированная сетка позволяет значительно снизить трудозатраты при расчете траекторий заряженных частиц. В-третьих, на эмиттере проводится выделение особенности путем введения приэмиттерной подобласти. В данной подобласти строится приближенное аналитическое решение, которое «сшивается» с численным решением в основной подобласти в итерационном процессе Бройдена. На примере модельной задачи о плоском диоде показана быстрая сходимость метода Бройдена. С помощью предлагаемых алгоритмов и технологий получены результаты моделирования сложной практической системы, которые дают хорошее совпадение с результатами натурных экспериментов.
Kinetika Esterifikasi Asam Lemak Bebas dari Sludge Industri Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Menggunakan Katalis Komposit Montmorillonite/Karbon Tersulfonasi dari Tetes Tebu
Authors: Putri Qodria Utami , Augustin Diah , Hasanudin Hasanudin
Published: February 2022

Kinetika esterifikasi asam lemak bebas dari sludge CPO telah dilakukan dengan pereaksi etanol dan menggunakan katalis komposit montmorillonite/karbon tersulfonasi dari tetes tebu. Esterifikasi dilakukan dengan memvariasikan temperatur (60, 70, dan 80 oC) dan rasio mol antara etanol dan asam lemak bebas (10, 13, 16, 19, dan 22). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi temperatur, akan meningkatkan laju reaksi esterifikasi, konstanta laju reaksi dan konstanta kesetimbangan reaksi esterifikasi asam lemak bebas. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa reaksi esterifikasi merupakan reaksi endoterm. Sementara itu, semakin besar rasio mol antara etanol dan asam lemak bebas, akan menurunkan laju reaksi. Konstanta Arrhenius dari reaksi esterifikasi tersebut adalah sebesar 2,7183 dan energi aktivasi sebesar 17,9366 kJ/mol. Hasil uji validasi persamaan model kinetika menggunakan nilai R2 dan slope dari grafik perbandingan antara nilai x hasil eksperimen dan x hitung model kinetika. Nilai R2 dan slope dari grafik mendekati angka 1 yang menunjukkan bahwa model persamaan yang digunakan dapat diterima dan layak untuk menghitung kinetika esterifikasi asam lemak bebas.

Kinetics of Esterification of Free Fatty Acids from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Industrial Sludge Using a Montmorillonite/Sulfonated Carbon Composite Catalyst from Molasses. Kinetics of esterification of free fatty acids from crude palm oil sludge esterification has been carried out with reagent ethanol and using the composite catalyst of montmorillonite/ sulfonated carbon from molasses. Esterification was done by varying the temperature (60, 70, and 80 °C) and the mole ratio between ethanol and free fatty acids (10, 13, 16, 19, and 22). The results showed that the higher temperature would increase the rate of esterification reaction, the reaction rate constants, and the equilibrium constants esterification of free fatty acids. These findings show that the esterification reaction is an endothermic reaction. Meanwhile, the larger mole ratio between ethanol and free fatty acids would decrease the reaction rate. Arrhenius’s constant value of the esterification reaction is 2.7183 and the activation energy is 17.9366 kJ/mol. The results of the validation test of the kinetic model equation using the value of R2 and the slope of the comparison graph between the x value of the experimental results and the calculated x of the kinetic model. The value of R2 and the slope of the graph is close to 1 which indicates that the equation model used is acceptable and feasible to calculate the kinetics of free fatty acid esterification.

 
The Influence Of Organizational Communication On Employee Performance on Seafood Trade Companies in Sidoarjo
Authors: Maulana Fariz , Sumartik Sumartik
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of transformational leadership style, organizational culture, organizational communication on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable at PT. Sekar Laut, Tbk. in Sidoarjo. This research is a type of quantitative research, the analytical tool used is tabulating the questionnaire. This study took a sample of 95 respondents and they are employees of PT. Sekar Laut, Tbk. in Sidoarjo. The method used in this research is (probability sampling), while the sampling technique uses (simple random sampling). Collecting data using a direct survey method with a questionnaire instrument. For further analysis using the method and analysis technique Partial Least Square (PLS) ± Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results showed that transformational leadership style had a significant effect on employee performance: organizational culture had a significant effect on employee performance: organizational communication had a significant effect on employee performance: Transformational leadership style had a significant effect on job satisfaction: Organizational culture had a significant effect on job satisfaction: Communication had a significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction: Transformational leadership style has a significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable: Organizational culture has a significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable: Organizational communication has a significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable: There is a significant influence on satisfaction work performance of employees.
Productivity Analysis for Banks’ Merger and Acquisition Using Two-Stage DEA: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Ping , Tao Xiangyang , Wen Yao
Published: February 2022

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are important parts of banking reform, which can increase the synergies and reduce the costs of the banks. To analyze the effect and importance of the M&A in the reform period, we measure the productivity change of China’s banks who completed M&A during 2004– 2018, by using a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. First, we incorporate the process of deposits producing and the process of profit earning as a two-stage structure of bank’s system. Then, we construct a slacks-based measure (SBM) model considering the weak disposability of undesirable outputs to measure the productivity of 14 M&A banks in China. Particularly, we adopt the global Malmquist index (GMI) to evaluate the productivity change of the banks, and analyze the efficiency change (EC) and technical change (TC) for the whole system and individual stages. Additionally, to facilitate making M&A plans, we classify the M&A banks to obtain the process they need to improve and the trend they could adopted: (i) We classify them into four categories by the productivity of two individual stages; (ii) We also classify them into four categories by EC and TC. Finally, the policy recommendations for M&A banks are given.
Investigating the Impact of Capacity Utilization on Carbon Dioxide Emission: Evidence from China’s Iron and Steel Industry
Authors: Chen Ya , Zhang Xintian , Liu Haoxiang
Published: February 2022

In recent years, China’s industrialization and urbanization have deepened, and the economy has grown considerably. But at the same time, they have also brought about many environmental problems. As a pillar of the national economy, the iron and steel (IS) industry is one of the most emitting and energy-consuming sub-sectors of the industrial sector. It is also one of the industries with the most severe overcapacity problem in China. In this paper, we explore the impact of capacity utilization on carbon dioxide emission based on panel data of China’s iron and steel industry from 2005 to 2014. We also tested the heterogeneity in different regions and different sub-samples. Results show that capacity utilization and carbon dioxide emission are positively correlated. However, the impact of capacity utilization on carbon dioxide emission differs when considering regional heterogeneity. Results in all three regions show a positive relationship between capacity utilization and carbon dioxide emission, but the impact intensity is strongest in the western region, followed by the eastern and central regions. Moreover, capacity utilization impacts carbon dioxide emission by influencing firm numbers in the iron and steel industry and energy consumption. Further analysis shows that there exists a threshold effect in different stages of energy consumption and energy structure. Finally, some findings and practical policy recommendations are provided.
The Cross-Correlation Relationship Between the Real Estate Industry and High-Quality Economic Development
Authors: Zhang Mengwan , Gao Fengfeng , Gao Jialin , Chen Weiguo , Lee Chong Aik
Published: February 2022

Based on China’s real estate investment (REI), commercial housing sales (CHS), and GDP data from 2001 to 2020, we studied the dependence, asymmetry, and transmission direction of China’s real estate and economy. Their cross-correlation is demonstrated through the deep cross-correlation analysis (DCCA) algorithm, multifractal asymmetric detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-ADCCA) algorithm and DCCA algorithm based on a time delay. Both REI and CHS have persistence with GDP. The real estate industry and economy have asymmetric multifractal characteristics. Meanwhile, real estate and the economy have different trends, and they can affect each other with the same length of time delay. This effect diminishes in a short period of time, and there are unsteady fluctuations in cross-correlation persistence in the long term.
Adaptation des cours présentiels en cours en ligne dans le contexte de covid-19 : quels défis, quelles solutions?
Authors: Bertrand Juliane , Soto Monica
Published: February 2022

Avec le confinement nécessité par l’apparition de la pandémie de covid-19, l’enseignement des langues a dû se tourner de façon précipitée vers des modalités d’enseignement en ligne. Considérant l’importance de développer un esprit de communauté pour faciliter la motivation, quels facteurs facilitent le succès d’une expérience d’enseignement des langues en ligne? Qu’est-ce qui peut complexifier le processus? À travers une comparaison de deux parcours – l’un en enseignement de l’espagnol langue étrangère au niveau débutant, l’autre en enseignement du français langue seconde au niveau avancé – le présent article vise à exposer quelques pistes permettant de répondre aux besoin des apprenants.
Traducteurs automatiques neuronaux comme outil didactique/pédagogique : DeepL dans l’apprentissage du français langue seconde
Authors: Barysevich Alena , Costaris Claire
Published: February 2022

Cet article aborde un sujet très actuel dans l’apprentissage des langues secondes et étrangères du XXIe siècle : l'utilisation excessive des outils de traduction automatique par les apprenants et l’incertitude des enseignants universitaires comment gérer cette nouvelle réalité. Nous proposons d’aborder cette problématique de manière positive, en considérant des traducteurs automatiques en ligne comme outils pédagogiques. Ainsi, nous suggérons un atelier de formation conçu pour préparer les apprenants de français langue seconde/étrangère à l'usage responsable et efficace de DeepL, un des logiciels de TA les plus sophistiqués. Notre approche privilégie une discussion ouverte sur l’utilisation et l’utilité de la TA dans l’apprentissage des langues et met à la disposition des enseignants universitaires une ressource pédagogique à explorer afin de reconsidérer le rôle des technologies langagières dans l’apprentissage des langues.
Approach Couples Reservoir Simulation With Wellbore Model for Horizontal Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: February 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 203977, “Coupling a Geomechanical Reservoir and Fracturing Simulator With a Wellbore Model for Horizontal Injection Wells,” by Shuang Zheng, SPE, and Mukul Sharma, SPE, The University of Texas at Austin. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Reservoir cooling during waterﬂooding or waste-water injection can alter the reservoir stress ﬁeld signiﬁcantly by thermoporoelastic eﬀects. Colloidal particles in the injected water decrease the matrix permeability and build up the injection pressure. Fractures may initiate and propagate from injectors. These fractures are of great concern for environmental reasons and are a strong inﬂuence on reservoir sweep and oil recovery. The complete paper introduces methods to fully couple reservoir simulation with wellbore ﬂow models in fractured injection wells.

Introduction

In this study, a fully integrated 3D geomechanical thermal reservoir simulator is presented. This simulator is fully coupled with a wellbore model and allows fracture propagation. The model accounts for multiphase ﬂow, solid mechanics, thermal stresses, ﬁltration, and fracture growth in coupled reservoir- fracture-wellbore domains and can be used for simulations in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. The simulator allows study of induced fracture propagation in cased- and openhole injectors while fully accounting for thermoporoelastic and particle-ﬁltration eﬀects. It also allows study of hydraulic fracture propagation in unconventional reservoirs considering the complex wellbore dynamics. The complete paper provides a practical simulation tool to maximize well injectivity while minimizing environmental risks, and to analyze and optimize the completion design in unconventional reservoirs.
Self-Organizing-Map Approach Characterizes Naturally Fractured Reservoir in a Mature Field
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: February 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 206027, “Naturally Fractured Basement Reservoir Characterization in a Mature Field,” by Muhammad Nur Ali Akbar, MOL Hungary. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The complete paper describes an alternative solution for identifying the presence of natural fractures, classifying them into fracture-quality-related ﬂowability, and distributing them vertically within the well interval, and proposes a lateral distribution method for reservoir modeling. The proposed approach, using the machine-learning technique of self-organizing-map (SOM) clustering, eﬀectively assists recognition of fracture presence and quality along the well-depth interval.

Field Overview and Data Used

The case study was conducted in an oil ﬁeld discovered in the early 1980s in southwestern Hungary. Thirty-six wells penetrated the naturally fractured carbonate in the Triassic formation. The main lithology of this reservoir is limestone and dolomite associated with faults and exhumation breccia and marl/shale.

The reservoir is saturated oil (with gas cap) with unlimited aquifer (strong water drive). The gas cap, however, is mainly composed of 85% carbon dioxide and up to 1,800 ppm of hydrogen sulﬁde. Generally, the oil is intermediate to heavy, with a gravity of approximately 20 °API.

The reservoir rock properties of this case study are fully complex for both the pore system and its composition. In general, the matrix pore system does not signiﬁcantly contribute to storativity or permeability. The eﬀective porosity is approximately 4.2% on average. This value sometimes directs to the matrix porosity, but in this case study, high intensity of the microfracture presence behaves in a way similar to matrix porosity, a phenomenon the author terms “pseudomatrix porosity.”

Moreover, the eﬀective oil permeability value of the studied fractured reservoir is extremely high (up to 70 darcies per well-test interpretation). The permeability ranges from 1 to 2000 md in brecciated fractures or in naturally fractured rock samples.

Two types of core samples were used in this study—fractured breccia and naturally fractured rock. Both types have similar behavior in terms of the porosity/permeability relationship. In this study, that relationship is not the one normally observed in clastic reservoir rock. Marl/shale content is one of the more- critical parameters, indicating low fracture quality in terms of permeability.

More than 50% of the well-log data for this study were measured by Russian-type well logs, meaning that only simple electrical, gamma ray, and neutron- capture gamma logs were available. Other wells have standard triple-quad combination logs. Image logs are available only from two wells drilled in the 2000s. By considering these log-data limitations, cores, and production-test results, the study aimed to deﬁne the eﬀective fracture locations and intervals.
Technology Focus: Digital Data Acquisition (January 2022)
Authors: Sarma Pallav
Published: February 2022

This third installment of the Digital Data Acquisition Technology Focus will focus on computer vision (CV) for improved data acquisition. CV is defined as a field of study that seeks to develop techniques to help computers “see” and understand the content of digital images such as photographs and videos.

The field of computer vision has seen significant growth in recent years because of the convergence of multiple events, such as advancements in machine-learning technology (e.g., deep learning), an exponential increase in availability of visual data from mobile phones and platforms such as YouTube, and the growth of new use cases such as autonomous driving. As such, it is no wonder that CV is also having a major effect on the oil and gas industry, reflected in the number of papers this year on this subject alone.

The oil and gas industry is awash with image and video data such as core images, seismic proﬁles, maps, video feeds for monitoring remote operations, and, these days, even drone images. The traditional approach to interpreting and acting on this data has been highly manual, which can be extremely time-consuming and prone to bias and error. CV technology intends to automate these processes and signiﬁcantly improve the turnaround time from data to decisions.

The papers chosen this year include application of CV for reservoir characterization, such as source-rock reconstruction, facies identiﬁcation, and seismic data enhancement; and safety applications such as rig-state identiﬁcation and automated corrosion mapping. Given the versatility of CV technology, its application across the oil and gas industry clearly will continue to grow.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 204216 - Deep-Learning-Based Vuggy Facies Identification From Borehole Images by Jiajun Jiang, Baylor University, et al.

SPE 202710 - Machine-Learning-Based Seismic Data Enhancement Toward Overcoming Geophysical Limitations by Shotaro Nakayama, INPEX, et al.

SPE 205347 - Machine-Learning-Assisted Segmentation of Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy Images With Artifacts for Improved Void-Space Characterization of Tight Reservoir Rocks by Andrey Kazak, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, et al.
Computer Vision Analytics Enables Determination of Rig State
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: February 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 204086, “Determining Rig State From Computer Vision Analytics,” by Crispin Chatar, SPE, and Suhas Suresha, Schlumberger, and Laetitia Shao, Stanford University, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

While companies cannot agree on a standard deﬁnition of “rig state,” they can agree that, as further use is made of remote operations and automation, rig-state calculation is mandatory in some form. By use of a machine-learning model that relies exclusively on videos collected on the rig ﬂoor to infer rig states, overcoming the limitations of existing methods is possible as the industry moves into a future of rigs featuring advanced technologies.

Introduction

The complete paper presents a machine-learning pipeline implemented to determine rig state from videos captured on the ﬂoor of an operating rig. The pipeline is composed of two parts. First, the annotation pipeline matches each frame of the video data set to a rig state. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to match the time of the video with corresponding sensor data. Second, additional CNNs are trained, capturing both spatial and temporal information, to extract an estimation of rig state from the videos. The models are trained on a data set of 3 million frames on a cloud platform using graphics processing units. Some of the models used include a pretrained visual geometry group (VGG) network, a convolutional 3D (C3D) model, and a two-stream model that uses optical ﬂow to capture temporal information.
A Discrete Model for Pressure Transient Analysis in Discretely Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Yu Wei
Published: February 2022

Natural fractures are of great significance to the management of petroleum resources, groundwater, and carbon sequestration. Given that many naturally fractured reservoirs have poorly connected fractures, the traditional dual-porosity model like Warren and Root’s model is not reasonable for pressure transient analysis in these reservoirs. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a new discrete model (DM) in discretely fractured reservoirs based on a semianalytical approach.

The DM comprises three domains: wellbore-connecting (WC) fractures and/or wellbore-isolating (WI) fractures, and matrix. The DM is verified by case studies with numerical simulators for four kinds of discretely fractured reservoirs with (1) WC fracture networks, (2) WI fracture networks, (3) WC and WI fractures, and (4) WI fractures. Results indicate that the pressure transient behaviors in discretely fractured reservoirs can be classified into three types: WC fracture networks, WC and WI fractures, and WI fracture (networks). The special flow regimes of WC fracture networks are fluid supply and pseudoboundary dominated flow. For WC and WI fractures, the special flow regimes are bilinear flow, linear flow, and isolated fracture effect. The early pseudoradial flow and isolated fracture effect (“V-shaped” or “dip”) are the special flow regimes of WI fracture (networks), and they are similar to traditional dual-porosity models like the Warren and Root model. However, the source of “V-shaped” in DM is quite different from that in the Warren and Root model. This paper gives a new insight into the well testing in discretely fractured reservoirs.
Improved Learning Cycle Assessment of Stimulated Wells’ Performance through Advanced Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Donovan Diane , Azadi Mohsen , Ganpule Sameer , Nuralishahi Turaj , Smith Andrew , Josserand Sylvain , Thompson Bevan , Reay Thomas , Gay Laura , Burrage Kevin , Burrage Pamela , Lawson Brodie , Yazici Emine
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we forecast cumulative production for stimulated gas wells using a combination of fast-to-implement modeling methodologies, including polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and Gaussian processes (GP) proxy models coupled with populations of phenomenological models (POMs). These modeling techniques allow for a reduction in forecast uncertainty and are shown to be effective techniques for extrapolating early time data for stimulated well production from a field of wells in the Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia. The proposed techniques strategically capture and capitalize on production trends across an entire gas field, even in the presence of early production transients. We demonstrate that learning cycles can be shortened, leading to reasonable forecasts, as well as meaningful and actionable insights.
How can clinicians choose between conflicting and discordant systematic reviews? A replication study of the Jadad algorithm
Authors: Lunny Carole , Thirugnanasampanthar Sai Surabi , Kanji Salmaan , Ferri Nicola , Pieper Dawid , Whitelaw Sera , Tasnim Sara , Reid Emma K , Zhang Jia He , Kalkat Banveer , Chi Yuan , Abdoulrezzak Reema , Zheng Di Wen , Pangka Lindy R.S. , Wang Xin Ran , Safavi Parisa Safavi , Sooch Anmol , Kang Kevin T. , Tricco Andrea C , Nelson Harrison
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The exponential growth of published systematic reviews (SRs) presents challenges for clinicians seeking to answer clinical questions. In 1997, an algorithm was created by Jadad et al. to choose the best SR across multiple. Our study aims to replicate author assessments using the Jadad algorithm to determine: (i) if we chose the same SR as the authors; and (ii) if we reach the same results. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane Database of SRs. We included any study using the Jadad algorithm. We used consensus building strategies to operationalise the algorithm and to ensure a consistent approach to interpretation. Results: We identified 21 studies that used the Jadad algorithm to choose one or more SRs. In 62% (13/21) of cases, we were unable to replicate the Jadad assessment and ultimately chose a different SR than the authors. Overall, 18 out of the 21 (86%) independent Jadad assessments agreed in direction of the findings despite 13 having chosen a different SR. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the Jadad algorithm is not reproducible between users as there are no prescriptive instructions about how to operationalise the algorithm. In the absence of a validated algorithm, we recommend that healthcare providers, policy makers, patients and researchers address conflicts between review findings by choosing the SR(s) with meta-analysis of RCTs that most closely resemble their clinical, public health, or policy question, are the most recent, comprehensive (i.e. in terms of number of included RCTs), and at the lowest risk of bias.
An Randomised Interventional Study Investigating the Effect of Video Feedback by Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) Method Compared to Conventional Directly Observed Feedback Method by Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) on Final Year Medical (Internship Year) Students’ Clinical Competence in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Authors: Managheb Seyed Esmaeil , Malekpour Fatemeh , Pouralimohammadi Neda , Taghipour Kaveh
Published: February 2022

Introduction:Video feedback (VF) patient encounter is a novel approach that has been developed, which involves videotaping doctor-patient consultations and subsequently an assessor watching the consultation and providing feedback. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of mini-CEX by video feedback method on the clinical competency of final year medical (internship year) students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Methods:Our study is a prospective randomized, controlled double-blinded interventional study which involves a total of 40 internship year students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The 40 participants were then assessed using OSLER checklist in order to ascertain baseline clinical competency (OSLER1). The 40 participants were randomly allocated to two groups of 20 students each, a control group who underwent traditional directly observed Mini-CEX feedback and an intervention group who underwent video Mini-CEX feedback. Following the participation of interns in the feedback workshops, a post- intervention assessment of clinical competency was undertaken (OSLER 2). This interventional trial is registered in the ISRCTN Registry [ ISRCTN47543844] (16/02/2022).Results:The mean age of participants in the video feedback group was 24.8 years compared to 24.9 years in the traditional directly observed feedback group (p=0.687). There was no significant difference between the mean number of months students had completed of their internship year (final year) studies (p=0.906). Comparison between the OSLER 1 and OSLER 2 score of the Video Feedback group showed there was a significant improvement of OSLER 2 scores (p<0.001). The mean difference between the OSLER 1 and OSLER 2 scores in the Video Feedback group was 18.6 compared to a mean difference score of 2.4 in the traditional directly observed feedback group (p<0.001).Discussion:Mini-CEX is an effective tool in improving clinical and communication skills when conducted by either the traditional method or by video feedback. However, the use of mini-CEX in combination with video feedback methods significantly improved the clinical and communication skills competency of internship year students in comparison to traditional directly observed feedback methods.Conclusion:Our results demonstrate that video Feedback more effective in improving clinical skills competency learning among medical students. Therefore, greater use of video feedback based formative assessments (mini-CEX) for medical students’ clinical and communication skills is recommended.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ag2O, CoFe2O4, GO and their ternary composite for antibacterial activity
Authors: Aftab Komal , Naseem Taiba , Hussain Shahzad , Haq Sirajul , Rehman Mahfooz Ur , Waseem Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Currently, nanomaterials with exceptional antibacterial activity have become an emerging domain in research. The optimization of nanomaterials against infection causing agents is the next step in dealing with the present-day problem of antibiotics. In this research work, Ag2O, CoFe2O4, and Ag2O/CoFe2O4/rGO are prepared by chemical methods. The structural and morphological properties were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag2O, CoFe2O4, and Ag2O/CoFe2O4/rGO nanomaterials were used for antibacterial activities. The nanomaterials were investigated for antibacterial properties, and results showed that all these materials exhibit superior antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive strains like Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram-negative bacterial strains like Escherichia coli (E. coli). According to the antibacterial results, the nanocomposite significantly reduced the reproduction rate of E. coli and S. aureus. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of nanomaterials showed a gradual increment with an increase in the concentration of the materials. These results demonstrate that all the nanomaterials, as a kind of antibacterial material, have a great potential for application in a wide range of biomedical applications.
Physical activity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a scoping review
Authors: Xiang Xinyue , Huang Lihua , Fang Yong , Cai Shasha , Zhang Mingyue
Published: February 2022

Background
Reduced physical activity (PA) was the strongest predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This scoping review aimed to map the evidence on the current landscape of physical activity, barriers and facilitators, and assessment tools across COPD patients.
Methods
Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology framework guided the conduct of this review. An electronic search was conducted on five English databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science (Medline)) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, CQVIP and WAN-FANG) in November 2021. Two authors independently screened the literature, extracted the studies characteristics.
Results
The initial search yielded 3686 results, of which 1754 were duplicates. Of the remaining 135 articles, 42 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the reviewed articles, there were 14 (33.3%) cross-sectional study, 9 (21.4%) cohort study, 4 (9.5%) longitudinal study, 3 qualitative study, 12 (28.7%) randomized control trials (RCTs). The main barriers identified were older age, women, lung function, comorbidities, COPD symptoms (fear of breathlessness, severe fatigue, anxiety and depression), GOLD stage, frequency of exacerbation, oxygen use, low motivation and environment-related (season and weather). Twelve studies have evaluated the effects of physical exercise (e.g., walking training), pulmonary rehabilitation, pedometer, self-efficacy enhancing intervention, behavioral modification intervention on physical activity and have had inconsistent results.
Conclusions
Changing physical activity behavior in patients with COPD requires multidisciplinary collaboration. Future studies need to identify the best instruments to measure physical activity in clinical practice. Future studies should focus on the effects of different types, time and intensity of physical activity in COPD patients and conduct randomized, adequately-powered, controlled trials to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of behavioral change interventions in physical activity.
Combinational Therapy with Aspirin and Ticagrelor Alleviates Vascular Inflammation and Angiotensin II-driven Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mice
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Weng Yingzheng , Lou Jiangjie , Chen Xiaofeng , Du Changqing , Tang Lijiang
Published: February 2022

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a severe form of blood vessel-related disease. Medial degeneration and inflammation are typical characteristic of AAA. Activated platelets release many pro-inflammatory cytokines and participate in the initial inflammatory response to various vascular diseases. Although there are some studies on the effects of APAs on AAA, it is yet unknown whether the new P2Y12 receptor inhibitor ticagrelor (T) can inhibit AAA. Herein, we explored the consequences of ticagrelor exposure on AAA progression and determined whether a combinational therapy, involving T and aspirin (A), exerts a stronger inhibitory effect in vivo. Methods: AAA was established in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice via a 28-day administration of angiotensin II (Ang II). Next, the mice were arbitrarily separated into 5 groups: saline infusion alone (sham), Ang II infusion alone, Ang II infusion plus oral A (10 mg·kg −1 ·d −1), Ang II infusion plus oral T (120 mg.kg-1 .d-1), Ang II infusion plus combinational therapy with A (10 mg·kg −1 ·d −1) and T (120 mg.kg-1 .d-1). Results: The combined treatment markedly suppressed the Ang II-driven elevation of maximal aortic diameter, aneurysm formation (26.7% decrease, P<0.05), alterations in aortic expansion, elastic lamina destruction, platelet deposition, and inflammatory cytokine accumulation. In addition, it also diminished matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 production. Conclusions: A combinational therapy of A and T, but not individual drugs, inhibits Ang II-driven AAA generation in mice in vivo, and this process may be regulated by a suppressed inflammatory response.
The study on genetic diversity and genetic structure of Juglans mandshurica in Shandong Province based on EST-SSR
Authors: Wang Zihao , Zhang Hao , Tong Boqiang , Han Biao , Liu Dan , Zhang Ping , Hu Dechang
Published: February 2022

Juglans plant with important ecological and economic value is endangered in China. And the basis for its protection is the genetic diversity assessment. In the present study, the genetic diversity and the genetic structure of 134 samples from 9 natural J. mandshurica populations with 2 related species were surveyed by EST-SSR markers. The results showed that (1) 77 alleles were amplified within 9 EST-SSR markers which had high polymorphism (PIC = 0.5070). Compared with other Juglans species in China, the genetic diversity of J. mandshurica population in Shandong areas was relatively low (H O =0.3333, I=0.7051). (2) The AMOVA analysis showed that 89% variation occurred within the population of J. mandshurica in Shandong areas, and 11% occurred among the populations. The low genetic differentiation (F ST =0.103) and the high gene flow (Nm= 2.894) among populations may be related to the long-distance transmission of pollen. The results of Mantel test (r=-0.0870, p =0.4320) showed that there was no significant correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance. (3) UPGMA cluster analysis divided 8 J. mandshurica populations in Shandong areas into two groups. The results of STRUCTURE analysis suggested interspecific introgression exists between J. mandshurica and common walnuts ( J. regia L.). These genetic data would be great significance for biodiversity conservation for endangered J. mandshurica .
A Novel Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Framework for Selecting Municipal Solid Waste Management Alternative with 2-Dimension Uncertain Linguistic Sets
Authors: Che Yue , Zhang Xuelan
Published: February 2022

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has been considered as a complicated multi-criteria decision-making problem for the uncertain context and related criteria. To select an optimal MSWM scenario, this paper provides a comprehensive MCDM framework for decision makers under 2-dimension uncertain linguistic (2-DUL) environment. Distinguished from traditional approaches, this framework not only guarantees the consistency of comparison matrix but improves effectiveness and efficiency in the decision process. Moreover, it accurately solves the cardinal and ordinal information of MSWM scenarios. Firstly, due to ambiguous and uncertain decision context, the 2-DUL set, characterized by I class of the linguistic evaluation information and II class of the reliability of the assessment results, is adopted to describe decision-makers’ preference. An expectation reduced-dimension is developed to effectively handle 2-DUL set. Secondly, to guarantee consistency and reduce numerical pairwise comparisons, a best-worst-method (BWM)-based analytic network process (ANP) is utilized to form the local priority vectors of the main criteria and sub-criteria. Main criteria weights and sub-criteria weights are then obtained by aggregating all local priority vectors. Thirdly, an extended QUALIFLEX approach is employed to rank all alternative MSWM scenarios by comparing the weighted concordance/discordance index among overall possible permutations of all alternative scenarios. Finally, the developed framework is applied in a case study to determine an optimal MSWM scenario in Beijing. Additionally, a comparison analysis is complemented. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework is feasible, efficient and superior in MSWM scenarios selection.