bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interference Periods of Weeds in Maize in No-Tillage and Conventional Systems at High Altitudes
Authors: HELVIG E.O. , PINHEIRO K.K.G. , DRANCA A.C. , SILVA A.A.P. , MENDES M.C. , MACIEL C.D.G.
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the coexistence periods of weeds (CTWR = critical timing of weed removal) and control (CWFP = critical weed-free period) in maize crops in no-tillage and conventional systems at high altitudes in southern Brazil. To this end, four experiments were conducted in Guarapuava-Paraná during the 2016/2017 crop season using P2530™ (conventional) and P3271H™ (transgenic genetically modified for glyphosate tolerance) hybrids in no-tillage and conventional systems with crop residues of black oat (Avena strigosa). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five repetitions. The treatments were divided into periods of CTWR and CWFP for 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 63, and 126 days after the emergence of crops (DAE). Among the weeds, only eudicotyledonous species predominated throughout the crop cycle in both production systems. The productivity results established for P2530™ and P3271H™ hybrids in a conventional system with the incorporation of straw in the soil indicated a critical period of weed control (CPWC) from 23 to 39 DAE and 23 to 35 DAE, respectively. For direct sowing (no-tillage system) on black oat straw, no CPWC was established, as it required only one single point of control between the periods of 21 to 33 DAE and 23 to 31 DAE for the P2530™ and P3271H™ hybrids, respectively. The direct sowing in black oat straw constituted an efficient strategy to reduce weed interference and the necessity of weed management practices.
Sulfentrazone: Environmental Dynamics and Selectivity
Authors: GEHRKE V.R. , CAMARGO E.R. , AVILA L.A.
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: Sulfentrazone is a pre-emergence herbicide that inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox). Its use has emphasis on areas like soybeans planted in lowlands, soybean, and sugarcane in areas of cerrado, and also in the implementation of eucalyptus afforestation. The use of sulfentrazone into resistant weed management programs mainly to glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors has been successful. However, the information on the environmental behavior of this herbicide is limited, even more restricted when it refers to the lowland areas where problems are frequently observed regarding the selectivity of sulfentrazone, due to the soil and climatic peculiarities of this environment. In this context, the present review aims to describe the main characteristics of sulfentrazone to its environmental dynamics.
A judicialização da saúde em Manaus: análise das demandas judiciais entre 2013 e 2017
Authors: Araújo Izabel Cristina de Souza , Machado Felipe Rangel de Souza
Published: April 2020

Resumo Este artigo analisa o fenômeno da judicialização da saúde como forma de garantir acesso a tecnologias em saúde (medicamentos, insumos, consultas e procedimentos médicos especializados, órteses, próteses e materiais especiais) no sistema de saúde em Manaus. Partiu-se de uma análise das ações judiciais peticionadas na justiça amazonense de primeiro grau entre 2013 e 2017, com análise referencial e crítica de situações semelhantes encontradas na literatura em outros estados da federação. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro etapas, que consistiram na identificação de todas as ações relacionadas à saúde, seleção, construção de banco de dados com as categorias retiradas dos processos e tratamento estatístico, e análise dos dados coletados. O resultado demostrou os principais motivos que desencadeiam a judicialização da saúde, entre os quais a majoritária representação judicial realizada por órgãos de defesa da cidadania da esfera pública. Também ficou clara a interferência da justiça nos fluxos e procedimentos do Sistema Único de Saúde, decidindo de forma personalíssima em detrimento da coletividade. Conclui-se pela necessidade de diálogo entre os órgãos de justiça e da saúde, forçando maior organização dos entes federados no cumprimento de suas obrigações e redução de ações na justiça para obtenção do direito à saúde.
Envelhecimento ativo e a indústria da perfeição
Authors: António Manuel
Published: April 2020

Resumo Nas últimas duas décadas, o envelhecimento ativo adquiriu expressão relevante enquanto paradigma de políticas públicas para fazer face aos desafios colocados pelo envelhecimento demográfico. Definido, primeiramente pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), de forma a enfatizar a responsabilidade da sociedade no seu conjunto relativamente à qualidade de vida ao longo do processo de envelhecimento, o paradigma do envelhecimento ativo, atualmente, tem vindo a concentrar-se, sobretudo, no adiamento da idade da reforma e na redução dos custos com a saúde nos últimos anos de vida, a partir de uma lógica de responsabilização individual. Para a elaboração deste artigo, foram consultados vários sítios on-line de clínicas médicas portuguesas nas quais se praticam consultas/tratamentos de medicina antienvelhecimento, analisando os anúncios publicitários dos serviços prestados, bem como artigos de opinião redigidos pelos próprios médicos dessa especialidade, dirigidos a um público leigo. Conclui-se que, a par da responsabilização individual pela saúde e, de forma mais geral, pela forma como se envelhece, assistimos hoje à expansão de um amplo mercado de produtos e serviços antienvelhecimento que nos permitem argumentar que o ideal de envelhecimento ativo poderá estar ao serviço de uma indústria da perfeição.
A indústria do branqueamento em Lisboa: uma etnografia das práticas e produtos para o branqueamento da pele e seus riscos para a saúde dermatológica
Authors: Pussetti Chiara , Pires Isabel
Published: April 2020

Resumo Por meio de um exercício de walking ethnography, pretendemos apresentar uma etnografia da oferta cosmética destinada à despigmentação da pele no coração de Lisboa, focando num fragmento da cidade que junta diferentes propostas e produtos estéticos: spas chineses, salões de beleza e cabeleireiros africanos, lojas do comércio dito “étnico” ligado a imigrantes e portugueses descendentes de populações asiáticas ou africanas. Definimos esse passeio como “caminho do branqueamento” - parafraseando ironicamente o título de um dos mais famosos livros de Michael Jackson, Paths towards a clearing (1989). Considerando o corpo como um projeto em construção, pretendemos mostrar que os imaginários e os desejos ligados ao consumo desses tratamentos, assim como os padrões de beleza veiculados pelo marketing dos produtos de clareamento da pele, refletem e reproduzem variáveis sociais de género, classe e raça. Queremos também evidenciar como a maior parte dos produtos branqueadores, vendidos no centro da cidade, são proibidos pela legislação europeia de regulamentação de cosméticos, devido às altas concentrações de substâncias tóxicas. Essas substâncias, que circulam livremente nas redes do comercio informal, podem ser muito prejudiciais para a saúde dos consumidores, comportando severos riscos dermatológicos.
Evolução dos gastos públicos ambientais dos municípios brasileiros: uma análise no período de 2005 a 2015
Authors: Pereira Paulo Vinícius de Miranda , Figueiredo Neto Leonardo Francisco
Published: April 2020

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo consistiu em analisar os gastos públicos ambientais dos municípios brasileiros com população igual ou superior a 100 mil habitantes no período de 2005 a 2015. O gasto público ambiental municipal são despesas governamentais realizadas legalmente sob a forma de custeio, investimentos, transferências e inversões financeiras para cumprir as funções ambientais, consistindo na contabilização anual de cada município na função gestão ambiental (18) executada do orçamento municipal. Para tanto, utilizou-se de abordagem quantitativa com finalidade descritiva e exploratória. Foram coletados os dados de gastos ambientais municipais dos 303 municípios com população maior que 100 mil habitantes, visando à análise da evolução do gasto público ambiental. Além do gasto ambiental, as variáveis analisadas foram: desempenho verde das despesas, desempenho ambiental do Produto Interno Bruto, gasto ambiental por área territorial e gasto ambiental por habitante. Assim, os principais resultados retratam que: os municípios brasileiros possuem, em relação aos gastos ambientais, comportamento heterogêneo; tais municípios apresentaram aumento do gasto em meio ambiente no período analisado; ainda possuem baixa participação orçamentária voltada aos gastos ambientais; e apenas 20 cidades, das 303 pesquisadas, concentraram 58% dos gastos públicos ambientais no período estudado. A principal contribuição deste trabalho está em apresentar a importância do gasto ambiental municipal, uma vez que trabalhos que analisam os municipios brasileiros são escassos, servindo para a análise comparativa da política pública ambiental brasileira.
Aspectos socioeconômicos e de desenvolvimento humano municipal determinantes na ausência de prestadores de serviços de esgotamento sanitário no Brasil
Authors: Rossoni Hygor Aristides Victor , Faria Marco Túlio da Silva , Silva Amanda Cristina , Heller Léo
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Com o objetivo de verificar os condicionantes municipais envolvidos na presença ou não de prestadores de serviços de esgotamento sanitário no Brasil, no presente estudo foram utilizados dados obtidos pela compatibilização de informações provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saneamento Básico, do Censo Demográfico e do Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano, referentes aos anos de 2008, 2010 e 2013, respectivamente. Verificou-se, por meio de testes estatísticos não paramétricos univariados e multivariados, que os serviços menos atrativos relacionados aos potenciais usuários, com perfil dos distritos-sede com menores índices de desenvolvimento humano municipal e com precários desempenhos em termos social, econômico, vulnerabilidade à pobreza e de condições sanitárias, ficam sob responsabilidade da administração direta municipal. Fator como economia de escala é crucial para a presença principalmente das empresas privadas, das companhias estaduais e as de administração indireta municipal. Além disso, essas prestadoras estão presentes em localidades que possuem índices de desenvolvimento humano municipal (IDHM) considerado alto.
THCM numerical simulations of the engineered barrier system for radioactive waste disposal
Authors: Samper Javier , Mon Alba , Montenegro Luis , Naves Acacia
Published: April 2020

The final disposal of high-level radioactive waste in geological repositories envisages an engineered barrier system with a bentonite buffer, which will be subjected to strongly coupled thermal, hydrodynamic, geochemical and mechanical (THCM) processes. This paper presents coupled THCM numerical simulations of laboratory and in situ tests performed with compacted Full-scale Engineered Barrier Experiment (Febex) bentonite having different space and time scales. The simulations of the heating and hydration tests fit the measured temperature, water content and water intake data and reproduce the trends of the geochemical data. Although simulation results of the tests display similar trends, they show differences due to geometry and initial and confining conditions. The changes in porosity due to mineral dissolution/precipitation are not relevant in these tests but become relevant in long-term simulations, which show that the precipitation of corrosion products reduces significantly the porosity of the bentonite near the canister and causes pore clogging. The thickness of the bentonite alteration band is simulated to be smaller than 7 cm after 1 Ma.
Wetting–drying response of an unsaturated pyroclastic soil vegetated with long-root grass
Authors: Capobianco Vittoria , Cascini Leonardo , Cuomo Sabatino , Foresta Vito
Published: April 2020

This paper investigates the effect of a long-root grass on the hydraulic response of a partially saturated pyroclastic soil. The work is based on both long-term monitoring under atmospheric conditions and short-term wetting–drying tests, aimed to simulate rainfall/evapotranspiration during different seasons. A one-dimensional physical model was created – namely, two identical columns were filled with a pyroclastic silty sand and later equipped with tensiometers and soil moisture sensors at four depths. One column was vegetated, while the second was left bare as a control. Root growth and foliage evolution were observed for 1 year. The monitoring of the hydraulic variables highlighted the capability of vegetation to modify the retention ability of the rooted soil. During the drying tests, the final soil suction within the rooted zone was higher than in the bare soil, particularly during summer, when plant transpiration is very high. In the wetting tests, the presence of vegetation delayed the infiltration process, reducing the total amount of water infiltrating the soil and consequently the chances of rainfall causing a drop in soil suction. This paper quantifies the effects of long-root grass, here conceived as a nature-based solution viable in landslide-prone areas.
Centrifuge study of reinforced soil walls with different backfill compaction densities
Authors: Xu P. , Hatami K. , Jiang G.
Published: April 2020

Backfill relative density can have a significant influence on the performance and stability of reinforced soil retaining walls, as reflected in the form of minimum compaction requirements in current design guidelines. However, the quantitative influence of backfill relative density on the construction and serviceability performance of reinforced soil walls has not been examined adequately. In this study, centrifuge tests were carried out on two model walls with different backfill relative densities, and their measured performances were compared against those calculated using available empirical methods. Results of the study show that maximum displacement of the model with inadequate compaction (i.e. Dr = 65%) was 30% greater than that of the Dr = 95% model and exceeded the value predicted by one of the design methods examined. The foundation pressure underneath the wall showed increased magnitudes under the facing and a nonlinear decrease with distance from the facing along the backfill. Additionally, the model with Dr = 95% developed larger reinforcement loads and mobilized soil-reinforcement interface coefficient values relative to the model with Dr = 65%.
Investigating the use of joint probability curves in coastal engineering practice
Authors: Hames Dominic P. , Gouldby Ben P. , Hawkes Peter J.
Published: April 2020

This paper investigates the inherent inaccuracy in the estimation of various extreme response variables (RVs) for different sea defence structures using joint exceedance curve approaches in common use around the UK. Utilising stochastically generated nearshore datasets that include extreme wave and sea-level conditions determined at regular intervals around the English coastline as part of a previous study, and asset information from the Environment Agency's Asset Information Management System database, this paper assesses 592 sea defence structures and their associated extreme response using different joint exceedance curve approaches when compared against the RV approach. This paper highlights that extreme RVs are often underestimated when using a joint exceedance curve approach, which in many cases can be significant. This suggests that the performance of many sea defence structures are incorrectly estimated. As a consequence, joint exceedance curve approaches may under-design sea defence structures to a greater level than previously indicated, or significantly underestimate extreme RVs when assessing the performance of existing structures.
Simple Step toy Increase Gibson Assembly Efficiency v1
Authors: Danner Eric
Published: April 2020

The Gibson assembly solutoin is extremely toxic to some bacteria cells. Doing a solution change after assembly and before transforming the bacteria will significantly improve bacteria survival. This increases 10-100x the amount of colonies.
CUT&Tag@home v1
Authors: Henikoff Steven , Janssens Derek , S Kaya-Okur Hatice , Henikoff Jorja , Ahmad Kami
Published: April 2020

CUT&Tag@home uses a modification of Bench-top CUT&Tag which includes incubation in 0.1% SDS post-tagmentation for quantitative release of targeted fragments, followed directly by PCR with Triton-X100 to neutralize the SDS. This protocol is performed in single PCR tubes from nuclei to sequencing-ready libraries and should be suitable for high throughput.
Simple Step to Increase Gibson Assembly Efficiency v2
Authors: Danner Eric
Published: April 2020

The Gibson assembly solutoin is extremely toxic to some bacteria cells. Doing a solution change after assembly and before transforming the bacteria will significantly improve bacteria survival. This increases 10-100x the amount of colonies.
EARLY HAWAIIANS AND VOLCANIC HEAT
Authors: KIM ALICE , LAUTZE NICOLE C.
Published: April 2020

This research serves as the first-known compilation of accounts of early Hawaiians using volcanic heat. Western explorers in the 1800s wrote about native Hawaiians near Kīlauea Volcano using volcanic heat for cooking and bathing. They cooked their food wrapped in leaves underground or above a steam crack at Sulphur Banks, Kīlauea Iki, and the Nāpau Crater Trail. Early Hawaiians bathed in the warm waters of Waiwelawela for health. To confirm the presence of volcanic heat, this study used geothermal resource maps by the Hawai‘i Play Fairway project. According to a probability map for volcanic heat, the areas where Hawaiians used volcanic heat have a probability of volcanic heat of 0.8 to 1.0. On a map with temperatures of water wells, water wells close to where Hawaiians used volcanic heat have elevated temperatures. Historically, the areas where Hawaiians used volcanic heat experienced volcanic steam release, volcanic eruptions, and lava flows.
CANADA'S FIRST KNOWN DINOSAURS: PALAEONTOLOGY AND COLLECTING HISTORY OF UPPER CRETACEOUS VERTEBRATES IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA AND SASKATCHEWAN, 1874–1889
Authors: CHRISTISON BRIGID E. , TANKE DARREN H. , MALLON JORDAN C.
Published: April 2020

The early collecting history of dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates in Western Canada during the 1870s and 1880s is poorly documented. Initial finds were made by the British North American Boundary Commission and the Geological Survey of Canada in modern Saskatchewan and Alberta but, beyond a few well-publicized examples, little is known about precisely what was found and where. Much of the collected material is now housed in the collections of the Canadian Museum of Nature in Gatineau, Quebec, and a recent survey of these historic finds allows for the first comprehensive narrative regarding their identity and procurement. The collection is heavily biased towards vertebral centra and phalanges, reflective of both taphonomic and collecting biases. Given current understanding of Upper Cretaceous assemblages of North America, ornithomimids and small theropods are overrepresented, whereas ceratopsids and ankylosaurs are underrepresented. Fossils from the Belly River Group are best represented, after repeated visits to the areas of present-day Dinosaur Provincial Park and Ross Coulee near Irvine, Alberta. Taxonomic identification of the material has yielded numerous first Canadian occurrences, in addition to some first global occurrences. The latter include the first ever occurrences of Caenagnathidae (1884) and Thescelosauridae (1889). The Upper Cretaceous fossil record of Western Canada is among the richest in the world, and has been thoroughly studied over the last century. These fossils have informed our understanding of dinosaur behaviour, taphonomy, ecology, diversity dynamics, and extinction, among other aspects. But, like the animals themselves, the story of Canada's dinosaur-hunting legacy had humble beginnings—a story that has not been fully revealed before now.
Anticonceptivos orales de sólo progestina
Authors: Monterrosa Alvaro
Published: April 2020

Si bien están disponibles desde hace muchos años los anticonceptivos orales de sólo progestina o minipíldora, son pocos conocidos y menos prescritos o recomendados que los anticonceptivos orales combinados. Los anticonceptivos orales de sólo progestina, por estar libres de estrógenos tienen un papel importante y un definido sitial en la anticoncepción hormonal contemporánea. A las primeras progestinas: etinodiol, linestrenol y noretisterona, se agregó el norgestrel, luego el levonorgestrel y posteriormente el desogestrel. Recientemente la drospirenona está siendo evaluada. Desde siempre la minipíldora de levonorgestrel tiene su asiento único dentro de la anticoncepción oral hormonal en la lactancia, mientras que la minipíldora de desogestrel, sin perder dicho espacio, puede también ser recomendada más allá de la lactancia, por su capacidad inhibitoria de la ovulación. Esta capacidad igualmente se ha observado con la administración de tabletas que sólo incluyen drospirenona. El propósito de la presente revisión es orientar al profesional de la salud, para que identifique y puntualice las diferencias, así como las similitudes entre minipíldora y anticonceptivos orales combinados. Por la inocuidad clínica y los beneficios observados, los anticonceptivos orales de sólo progestinas deben considerarse en el momento de la consejería contraceptiva.
Formulasi Klausula Force Majeure Dalam Kontrak Dagang Internasional
Authors: Saputra Govi Tri
Published: April 2020

Manusia sebagai mahluk sosial tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhannya sehari hari tanpa campur tangan orang lain dimana seperti itulah pada dasarnya mengapa manusia diciptakan di dunia ini dengan bermacam macam ras, agama, dan kepentingan yang berbeda beda, namun dibalik itu semua di atas perbedaan itu manusia diikat oleh yang namanya peraturan yang mengatur mengenai pola sosial mereka untuk berinteraksi di kegiatanya sehari hari untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masing masing pihak. Sama halnya dengan negara yang seperti mahluk hidup yang hidup berdampingan dengan negara negara lainya di dunia yang saling membutuhkan dan saling berkerja sama dalam memenuhi kebutuhan masing masing negara yang juga terdapat suatu peraturan yang mengatur hubungan terebut yang wajib untuk di patuhi masing masing negara. Namun dalam praktiknya terkadang dalam menjalin kerjasama dengan negara lain ada kalanya tidak akan sesuai ekspektasi dan bukan dikarenakan tidak adanya itikad baik oleh masing masing pihak melainkan dikarenakan suatu keadaan yang tidak di duga-duga dan memaksa yang mengakibatkan ditunda atau tidak dapat dipenuhi nya suatu prestasi yang biasa disebut dengan force majeure. Klausula force majeure itu sendiri merupakan hal yang tidak umum oleh kebanyakan conract drafter karena memang force majeure adalah klausula yang selalu ada pada kebanyakan kontrak perdagangan pada umumnya. Namun tidak memungkiri terkadang force majeure dalam pembahasanya dalam berkontrak ditemukan dengan dilema dilema mengenai klausula force majeure yang seperti apakah yang akan dicantumkan dalam klausul force majeure tersebut dan bagaimanakah parameter nya dalam kontrak komersil mengenai klausula klausula dalam force majeure itu sendiri.
Pengendalian Pemanfaatan Ruang Melalui Izin Lokasi Dalam Rangka Perolehan Tanah Yang Diperlukan Usaha
Authors: Hastuti Surya Dini
Published: April 2020

Izin lokasi merupakan upaya pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah dengan tujuan mengendalikan pelaku usaha dalam memperoleh tanah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dogmatika hukum. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual untuk mengkaji permasalahan hukum yang ada. Sumber yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan kajian kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, buku-buku, makalah, jurnal yang berkaitan dengan hukum penataan ruang dan hukum perizinan. Melalui penelitian ini penulis membahas izin lokasi dalam rangka pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang beserta fungsinya bagi pelaku usaha dalam kegiatan perolehan tanah yang diterbitkan melalui OSS sejak berlakunya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pelayanan Perizinan Berusaha Terintegrasi Secara Elektronik (OSS). Mengingat Pemerintah membuka peluang besar untuk kegiatan usaha di Indonesia, sedangkan ketersediaan ruang terbatas sehingga dapat menyebabkan pelanggaran pemanfaatan ruang oleh pelaku usaha.
Evaluation of Agro-Industrial by Products as Potential Local Feed for Ruminant Animals: Chemical Composition, Fiber Fractions and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation
Authors: Pratama Said Mirza , Wajizah Sitti , Jayanegara Anuraga , Samadi Samadi
Published: April 2020

Animals are considered as source of protein should be improved their productivity with the minimum cost production. Agro-industrial by products have been used as animal feed to reduce feed cost. The purpose of this study is to evaluate agro-industrial by product in Aceh as potential local feed for ruminant animals based on chemical composition, fiber fraction and in vitro rumen fermentation. There were eight sources of agro-industrial by products (sago residues, coconut meal, soybean-ketchup by product, coffee pulp, cacao pod, sago tree, corncob, and rice brand) which were collected from 3 different locations in Aceh.  All agro-industrial by product samples were dried at 600C for 24 h and ground to pass a 1 mm sieve. Grounded samples were analyzed to determine chemical composition, fiber fractions and in vitro rumen fermentation. Incubation was conducted at temperature 390C for 48 h in water bath with three replicates. Data for in vitro rumen fermentation were statically calculated by using SPSS differences between treatments were stated (P≤0.05) by using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results indicated that agro industrial by product from coconut meal, ketchup residues, coffee by product, cacao by product, and rice brand can be used as source of protein and industrial by product from sago by product, sago tree and corncob can be used as source of energy. Neutral detergent  insoluble  CP (NDICP) and Acid detergent insoluble CP (ADICP)  were relatively high for sago by product, sago tree and rice brand but relatively low for cacao by product and corncob. The value of incubated pH for most feed samples was in the normal range. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter  digestibility (IVOMD) were significantly difference (P≤0.05) each agro-industrial by products with the highest for sago and the lowest for coffee by product. In conclusion, agro-industrial by products had a potential feed for ruminant animals both as protein and energy sources. However, feed ingredients with high fiber content and low degradability, further treatments such as physical, chemical and biological treatments were required to improve the feed quality.
Calves Productivity with Applying Integrated Village Management System (IVMS) and Rice-Straw Based Feed
Authors: Ratnawati Dian , Dikman Dicky Mohammad , Affandhy Lukman
Published: April 2020

The objective of the study was to assess the productivity of PO calves with Integrated Village Management System (IVMS). The calf management generally follows cow pattern.  The IVMS management applied to calves include weaning 5-6 months and optimizing local feed. Straw-based cow feed with supplementation using greenfeed and concentrate. Recording productivity of calf include: birth, weaning, body weight, calf death calf mobilization. Weighing weight was done at birth, weaning, and every month in the first year of study and every 2 months in the next research year. Implementation of IVMS management with rice straw-based feed produces good PO calf productivity when supported by addition of other feed sources, i. e. feed with high protein composition (concentrate, legume) to balancing the nutrient composition of feed.
Inhibition Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum) Skin Aqueous Extract on Mastitis Causing Microorganisms
Authors: Syamsi Afduha Nurus , Pratiwi Meyta , Nugroho Aras Prasetiyo
Published: April 2020

Mastitis in dairy caused by microorganisms, e.g. Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, is a serious problem due to its effect in decreasing quality and quantity of milk production up to 53.5%. Mastitis precautions are generally carried out using iodine solution and has risk leaving residue both on the udder and milk produced. Natural antimicrobial compounds need to be developed to solve iodine residues. An alternative natural ingredient that can be used is the skin of garlic which is known contains allicin, that is able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. This completely randomized design research by applying Kirby-Bauer method, aimed to identify the effect and concentration of garlic skin extracts that are effective against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutants, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Research was done in 6 months in Faculty of Animal Science and Faculty of Biology Unsoed, and the datas were analyzed using ANOVA. Garlic skins were extracted using aquadest to three concentrations i.e. 5%, 10% and 15%, and were tested on to mastitis-causing microorganisms growth. The results showed the extract of garlic skins using aquadest has high potency in inhibiting the growth of mastitis-causing microorganisms. Based on the results, aqueous extract of garlic skin has inhibition activity with minimum concentration 5-10%.
Influence of Different Vegetable Oils on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentability and Nutrient Digestibility in Ettawah Crossbred Goat
Authors: Muktiani Anis , Arifah Nurul , Widiyanto Widiyanto
Published: April 2020

This research was aimed to determine the effect of supplementation of vegetable oil (corn oil, palm oil and kapok seed oil) on in vitro ruminal fermentability and nutrient digestibility. Experiment design used was Randomized Block Design with four treatments and four replication based on rumen fluid sampling time. The four treatments namely R0 = feed without oil supplementation; R1 = R0 + 5% corn oil; R2 = R0 + 5% palm oil; and R3 = R0 + 5% kapok seed oil. The result showed that supplementation of 5% vegetable oil did not affect (P>0,05) the rumen pH, A/P ratio, and efficiency of energy conversion. The total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, methane and NH3 was higher (P<0,05) in supplementation of 5% vegetable oil than he control. The population of protozoa, microbial protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and crude fiber digestibility (IVCFD) was lower (P<0,05) in supplementation of 5% compared to the control. Population of protozoa decreased until 58,76% for R1; 66,89% for R2; and 43,33% for R3. It can be concluded that supplementation of 5% vegetable oil decreased the population of protozoa, increased the production of VFA and NH3. Supplementation of 5% kapok seed oil resulting the highest of total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate and NH3 among other treatments.
Estimating Genetic Parameter of Saanen Goat Production Characteristics Using Paternal Half Sib Correlation
Authors: Irawati Nurreni , Purwantini Dattadewi , Sodiq Akhmad
Published: April 2020

This research was aimed to investigate heritability score (h2) of milk yield, kid birth weight, and milk quality that included density, fat content, protein, lactose, water and non-fat dry matter of Saanen goat according to the production record of first-lactating individual in the Centre of Pedigree Breeding and Cattle Forage Baturraden. The materials for this research were 180 Saanen does with a first-lactating record. The estimated genetic parameter was heritability score using a paternal half-sib correlation method. Result showed that the heritability of milk yield, kid birth weight, density, fat content, protein, lactose, water and NFDM was 0,32+0,23; 0,25+0,26; 0,15+0,17; 0,11+0,16; 0,12+0,16; 0,10+0,14; 0,10+0,16 and 0,11+0,16, respectively. A high h2 was obtained from heritability score of milk yield, and a moderate h2 was from kid birth weight and milk quality. In conclusion, the h2 score of milk yield of Saanen goats was relatively high, while the h2 score of kid birth weight and milk quality was relatively moderate.
Polymorphism and Association in the Exon 3 of MSTN Gene in Batur Sheep
Authors: Haren Hassan Ishag Hassan , Prayitno Prayitno , Purwantini Dattadewi , Sumaryadi Mas Yedi
Published: April 2020

The aim of present study was to investigate myostatin gene polymorphism and its association with weaning weight and body weight in Batur sheep, 30 heads of Batur all lambs were fed by concentrated feed. Body weight measured monthly after weaning to the six months of age. DNA Extraction used 200 ul of whole blood samples. To amplify exon 3 region of MSTN gene a specific primer designed using the Primer3 software. The 25 μl volume contained 25 ng of genomic DNA, 12.5 μl 2x Reaction mix of each primer. The cycling protocol was 5 minutes at 95°C as initial denaturation, 35 cycles of denaturing at 94°C for 45 seconds, annealing at 73.9 for 45 seconds, extending at 72°C for 40 s, with final extension at 72°C for 10 minutes. Eleven polymorphic sites were observed in the in 3rd exon region transversions at c.*121 G instead of A, del-T at c.*129, one individual at c.*139 and one individual at c.*158 positions however, one individual sequence disrupted reading frame in whole MSTN sequenced, also weaning weight and 6-month weight of Batur lambs were 21.13±5.70 and 31.64±7.06 to the homozygous whilst 19.99±4.33 and 30.50±5.44 for heterozygote respectively but there is no significe differences seen above all the studied parameters. Homozygous AA lambs had fairly low weaning weight and body weight compared to the heterozygous AB lambs but might have a higher carcass weight, further investigation is needed into the interaction of MSTN with other genes involved in muscle growth.
The Influence of Breed and Type of Extender on the Quality of Bull Semen
Authors: Sukirman Iman , Sukmawati Eros , Rasad Siti Darojah , Solihati Nurcholidah
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to determine the influence of breed and type of extenders on frozen semen quality of cows at BIB Lembang. The experimental study was conducted in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was four cow breeds, i.e. Ongole Cross (PO), Brahman (BR), Simmental (SM) and Limousin (LM), and the second factor was two types of extender, i.e. Skim-Egg Yolk (SKT) and AndroMed® (AND), all repeated four times. The observed variables were percentage of spermatozoa motility and intact plasma membrane (IPM). All data obtained were analyzed using a general linear model (IBM SPSS ver. 23). The results demonstrated an interaction between breed and the type of diluent to motility. Breeds showed significantly different motility but non-significantly different intact plasma membrane (MPU) of semen. The type of diluent did not significantly affect motility and intact plasma membrane (MPU) of the frozen semen. The effect of the breed on BR motility was lower and significantly different from PO, LM and SM. The types of diluent did not significantly affect motility, MPU. The results showed that SKT was lower than AND, it was indicative effect of breed on intact plasma membrane (MPU) PO was lower than BR, LM and SM and the effect of the type of diluent on whole plasma membrane (MPU) AND is lower than SKT. It can be concluded that breed influences the motility of semen. The lowest motility reduction in frozen semen is Brahman cattle by using skim-egg yolk extender.
Socio Demographic Factors Influencing the Income of Native Chicken Farming in Rural Area of Ciamis Regency
Authors: Setiana Lucie , Sugiarto Mochamad , Djatmiko Oentoeng Edy
Published: April 2020

Sentul chicken is one of indigenous poultries maintained by most people in Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. This study aimed at determining the influence of socio demographic factors on the income generated from Sentul chicken farming in Ciamis Regency. A survey method was conducted to the members of seven farmer groups institutionally assisted by the Ciamis Regency Government Unit. The descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were used to describe the profile of respondents and to analyze the influence of socio demographic factors on the income generated from Sentul chicken farming. The results showed that the farmers’ length of education was 11.8 years with 5.8 years experience raising the Sentul chicken while the farm size was averagely 9 heads of chicken. The Sentul chicken farmmaintained in 70 days with semi-intensive production system has generated income ranging from IDR 756,000 to IDR 19,900,000. Farming experience and farm size significantly influenced the income generated from Sentul chicken farming. Increase the farming experience of Sentul chicken farmers and enlarging Sentul chicken farm size with semi-intensive production system may improve the income generated from Sentul chicken farming in Ciamis Regency.
Solvability of Nonlinear Equations in Case of Branching Solutions
Authors: Sidorov Nikolai A. , Sidorov Denis , Dreglea Aliona
Published: April 2020

The necessary and sufficient conditions of existence of the nonlinear operator equations' branches of solutions in the neighbourhood of branching points are derived. The approach is based on reduction of the nonlinear operator equations to finite-dimensional problems. Methods of nonlinear functional analysis, integral equations, spectral theory based on index of Kronecker-Poincare, Morse-Conley index, power geometry and other methods are employed. Proposed methodology enables justification of the theorems on existence of bifurcation points and bifurcation sets in the nonstandard models. Formulated theorems are constructive. For a certain smoothness of the nonlinear operator, the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions is analysed in the neighbourhood of the branch points and uniformly converging iterative schemes with a choice of the uniformization parameter enables the comprehensive analysis of the problems details. General theorems are illustrated on the nonlinear integral equations.
Development of a Control Strategy for a Smart Sucker Rod Pump
Authors: Oliva G. B. , Galvão H. L. , Silva R. E. , Costa R. O. , Carratore P. R. , Maitelli A. L. , Maitelli C. W.
Published: April 2020

The sucker-rod pumping (SRP) system is the most used artificial lift method in oil wells in Brazil and in the world. This method stands out for its simplicity and low cost in investments and maintenance, and can be operated in a large range of flow rates, with fluids of different compositions and viscosities. However, the SRP units as well as all other mechanical equipment require periodic adjustments and maintenance, whether corrective or preventive. Two important procedures commonly made at the SRP units are the adjustment for counterbalancing the pumping unit and the adjustment of the polished rod stroke length. Performing these procedures requires stopping the production of the well. Usually, such adjustment procedures are made manually by a work team that is transported to the place where the pumping unit is located. In this context, Petrobras in partnership with Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and other companies developed a new type of pumping unit, called smart sucker rod pump (SSRP), which is capable of counterbalancing the unit and adjusting the polished rod stroke length without mobilizing a team to go to the field. Thus, this work proposes to develop a strategy to automatically control the SSRP. The development of this strategy aims to ensure that the equipment operates under proper conditions and within its safety limits (previously set by the operator), as well as to optimize the well production. In order to test the control strategy developed for the SSRP, simulations were performed using synthetic wells. It was observed that the developing strategy reached the proposed goals for which it was developed; that is, to keep the parameters of the SSRP within the limits set by the operator and optimize the production flow rate.
Challenges and barriers of Humanitarian Aid Management in 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Safarpour Hamid , Fooladlou Saeideh , Safi-Keykaleh Meysam , Mousavipour Somayyeh , Pirani Davoud , Sahebi Ali , Ghodsi Hassan , Farahi-Ashtiani Iman , Dehghani Arezoo
Published: April 2020

Background: Examining various problems after disasters is important for the affected people. Managing humanitarian aid and donations among the affected people is considered as one of the most important problems after disasters. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the challenges and barriers of humanitarian aid management in 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake. Methods: This study was conducted from November 2017 to January 2018, with qualitative case study design. The population included 21 people including 6 humanitarian aid manager, 6 volunteers, 4 aid workers, and 5 affected people. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling, which continued until saturating the data. The strategies recommended by Guba were used for evaluating the trustworthiness of the data. The data was analyzed with conventional content analysis method according to method suggested by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: Based on the results, two themes, nine categories, and 19 sub-categories were identified considering the challenges and barriers of humanitarian aid and donors’ management during the 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake. The categories included education, command and coordination, communication and information, rules, security, traffic and overcrowding, assessment, providing system, and cultural setting. Also, two themes including managerial and structural barriers were extracted. Conclusion: Adopting an effective management and appropriate policies with respect to humanitarian aid and modifying structural and managerial barriers can improve the performance and management of humanitarian aid.
Linkage Mapping and Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Conservative QTLs and Candidate Genes for Fusarium Rot Resistance in Maize
Authors: Wu Yabin , Zhou Zijian , Dong Chaopei , Chen Jiafa , Ding Junqiang , Zhang Xuecai , Mu Cong , Chen Yuna , Li Xiaopeng , Li Huimin , Han Yanan , Wang Ruixia , Sun Xiaodong , Li Jingjing , Dai Xiaodong , Song Weibin , Chen Wei , Wu Jianyu
Published: April 2020

Background: Fusarium ear rot (FER) caused by Fusarium verticillioides is a major disease of maize that reduces grain yield and quality globally. However, there have been few reports of major loci for FER were verified and cloned. Result: To gain a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of natural variation in FER resistance, a recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population and one panel of inbred lines were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance. As a result, a total of 10 QTL were identified by linkage mapping under four environments, which were located on six chromosomes and explained 1.0%-7.1% of the phenotypic variation. Epistatic mapping detected four pairs of QTL that showed significant epistasis effects, explaining 2.1%-3.0% of the phenotypic variation. Additionally, 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified across the whole genome by genome-wide association study (GWAS) under five environments. Compared linkage and association mapping revealed five common intervals located on chromosomes 3, 4, and 5 associated with FER resistance, four of which were verified in different near-isogenic lines (NILs) populations. GWAS identified three candidate genes in these consistent intervals, which belonged to the Glutaredoxin protein family , actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs), and AMP-binding proteins. In addition, two verified FER QTL regions were found consistent with Fusarium cob rot (FCR) and Fusarium seed rot (FSR). Conclusions: These results revealed that multi pathways were involved in FER resistance, which was a complex trait that was controlled by multiple genes with minor effects, and provided important QTL and genes, which could be used in molecular breeding for resistance.
Modified Staff-ball Technique for Densely Vegetated Areas
Authors: Pop Paul
Published: April 2020

Staff-ball technique is a method used to measure the horizontal cover of vegetation in an area. For the occupancy study of two threatened avian species, a modified version of this method has been developed, employed and standardized in the field, to collect data that has been used as proxy for visibility of these species through the undergrowth in plantations within Western Ghats, India. This modified cost-effective technique is very useful in areas which are highly vegetated with undulating terrain, as opposed to its original use in grasslands. Two staffs and a ball are the main equipment used, wherein a central staff with ball is placed within vegetation and viewed using a peripheral staff at a fixed height from different points in an imaginary circle. A weakness of this technique is the difficulty in alignment with the central staff-ball, which may be rectified by the use of a laser rangefinder.
Whole Genome Sequencing of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) Isolates from Sputum Specimens of Co-Habiting Patients with NTM Pulmonary Disease and NTM Isolates from Their Environment
Authors: Yoon Jung-Ki , Kim Taek Soo , Kim Jong-Il , Yim Jae-Joon
Published: April 2020

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species are ubiquitous microorganisms. NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is thought to be caused not by human-to-human transmission but by independent environmental acquisition. However, recent studies using next-generation sequencing (NGS) have reported trans-continental spread of Mycobacterium abscessus among patients with cystic fibrosis. Results: We investigated NTM genomes through NGS to examine transmission patterns in three pairs of co-habiting patients with NTM-PD who were suspected of patient-to-patient transmission. Three pairs of patients with NTM-PD co-habiting for at least 15 years were enrolled: a mother and a daughter with M. avium-PD, a couple with M. intracellulare-PD, and a second couple, one of whom was infected with M. intracellulare and the other of whom was infected with M. abscessus. Whole genome sequencing was performed using patients’ NTM isolates as well as environmental specimens. Genetic distances were estimated based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). By comparison with the genetic distances among 78 publicly available NTM genomes, NTM isolates derived from the two pairs of patients infected with the same NTM species were not closely related to each other. In phylogenetic analysis, the NTM isolates from patients with M. avium-PD clustered with isolates from different environmental sources.Conclusions: In conclusion, considering the genetic distances between NTM strains, the likelihood of patient-to-patient transmission in pairs of co-habiting NTM-PD patients without overt immune deficiency is minimal.
Morin inhibits Listeria monocytogenes virulence in vivo and in vitro by targeting listeriolysin O and inflammation
Authors: Li Gen , Wang Guizhen , Li Meng , Li Li , Liu Hongtao , Sun Meiyang , Wen Zhongmei
Published: April 2020

Background: Listeria monocytogenes ( L. monocytogenes ) is a global opportunistic intracellular pathogen that can cause many diseases, including meningitis and abortion in humans and animals; thus, L. monocytogenes poses a great threat to public safety and the development of the aquaculture industry. The pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) is one of the most important virulence factors of L. monocytogenes ; LLO can promote cytosolic bacterial proliferation and aid in evading the attacks of the host immune system. In addition, L. monocytogenes infection can trigger a series of severe inflammatory reactions. Results: Here, on the basis of our previous studies, we further confirmed that morin lacking anti-Listeria activity could inhibit LLO oligomerization and found that morin could effectively alleviate the inflammation induced by Listeria in vivo and in vitro and has an obvious protective effect on infected cells and mice. Conclusions: Thus, we further prove that morin is a valuable drug precursor to be developed for the treatment of Listeria infection.