bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Coronary Artery Calcium- and Different Cardiovascular Risk Score-Based Methods for the Estimation of Vascular Age in Caucasian Patients
Authors: Vecsey-Nagy Milán , Szilveszter Bálint , Kolossváry Márton , Boussoussou Melinda , Vattay Borbála , Merkely Béla , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Radovits Tamás , Nemcsik János
Published: February 2022

Vascular age can be derived from cardiovascular (CV) risk scores such as the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE). Recently, coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was proposed as a means of assessing arterial age. We aimed to compare these approaches for the assessment of vascular age. FRS-, SCORE-, and CACS-based vascular ages of 241 consecutive Caucasian patients undergoing coronary CT angiography were defined according to previously published methods. Vascular ages based on FRS, SCORE, and CACS were 68.0 (IQR: 55.0–82.0), 63.0 (IQR: 53.0–75.0), and 47.1 (IQR: 39.1–72.3) years, respectively, (p < 0.001). FRS- and SCORE-based biological age showed strong correlation [ICC: 0.91 (95%CI: 0.88–0.93)], while CACS-based vascular age moderately correlated with FRS- and SCORE-based vascular age [ICC: 0.66 (95%CI: 0.56–0.73) and ICC: 0.65 (95%CI: 0.56–0.73), respectively, both p < 0.001)]. Based on FRS, SCORE, and CACS, 83.4%, 93.8%, and 42.3% of the subjects had higher vascular age than their documented chronological age (FRS+, SCORE+, CACS+), and 53.2% of the FRS+ (107/201) and 57.1% of the SCORE+ (129/226) groups were classified as CACS-. Traditional risk equations demonstrate a tendency of overestimating vascular age in low- to intermediate-risk patients compared to CACS. Prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate the contribution of different vascular age calculations to CV preventive strategies.
Eudaimonic and Hedonic Psychological Well-Being among Parents of Children with Cancer before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ziółkowska Natalia , Bargiel-Matusiewicz Kamilla , Gruszczyńska Ewa
Published: February 2022

The main aim of this study was to analyze the eudaimonic and hedonic well-being of parents of children with cancer by considering the role of a global stressor—the COVID-19 pandemic. One group of parents was assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the other was assessed before it occurred. It was hypothesized that there may be a cumulative effect of stress, with parents expressing lower well-being during the pandemic due to the accumulation of stress related to their child’s illness and the pandemic. In total, 310 parents participated in the study. Following propensity score matching, 111 pairs were established. The results of the comparative analyses did not support the hypothesis, as the groups did not differ significantly in their reported levels of either eudaimonic (F (1.93) = 0.11, p = 0.75, ηp2= 0.001) or hedonic well-being (F (1.100) = 0.02, p = 0.89, ηp2 = 0.0001). These findings showed a limited effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of parents of children with cancer. The oncological disease of a child is likely to be the central and the strongest factor for the parents, meaning that an additional, global stressor does not cause deeper exacerbation of their well-being.
A Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Enhancement of COVID-19 CT Image Segmentation
Authors: Allioui Hanane , Mohammed Mazin Abed , Benameur Narjes , Al-Khateeb Belal , Abdulkareem Karrar Hameed , Garcia-Zapirain Begonya , Damaševičius Robertas , Maskeliūnas Rytis
Published: February 2022

Currently, most mask extraction techniques are based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, there are still numerous problems that mask extraction techniques need to solve. Thus, the most advanced methods to deploy artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are necessary. The use of cooperative agents in mask extraction increases the efficiency of automatic image segmentation. Hence, we introduce a new mask extraction method that is based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to minimize the long-term manual mask extraction and to enhance medical image segmentation frameworks. A DRL-based method is introduced to deal with mask extraction issues. This new method utilizes a modified version of the Deep Q-Network to enable the mask detector to select masks from the image studied. Based on COVID-19 computed tomography (CT) images, we used DRL mask extraction-based techniques to extract visual features of COVID-19 infected areas and provide an accurate clinical diagnosis while optimizing the pathogenic diagnostic test and saving time. We collected CT images of different cases (normal chest CT, pneumonia, typical viral cases, and cases of COVID-19). Experimental validation achieved a precision of 97.12% with a Dice of 80.81%, a sensitivity of 79.97%, a specificity of 99.48%, a precision of 85.21%, an F1 score of 83.01%, a structural metric of 84.38%, and a mean absolute error of 0.86%. Additionally, the results of the visual segmentation clearly reflected the ground truth. The results reveal the proof of principle for using DRL to extract CT masks for an effective diagnosis of COVID-19.
Differences and Commonalities in Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Comorbid Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Multidimensional Perspective
Authors: Chilosi Anna Maria , Podda Irina , Ricca Ivana , Comparini Alessandro , Franchi Beatrice , Fiori Simona , Pasquariello Rosa , Casalini Claudia , Cipriani Paola , Santorelli Filippo Maria
Published: February 2022

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a motor speech disorder often co-occurring with language impairment and complex neurodevelopmental disorders. A cohort of 106 children with CAS associated to other neurodevelopmental disorders underwent a multidimensional investigation of speech and language profiles, chromosome microarray analysis and structural brain magnetic resonance (MR). Our aim was to compare the clinical profiles of children with CAS co-occurring with only language impairment with those who, in addition to language impairment, had other neurodevelopmental disorders. Expressive grammar was impaired in the majority of the sample in the context of similar alterations of speech, typical of the core symptoms of CAS. Moreover, children with complex comorbidities also showed more severe and persistent receptive language deficits. About 25% of the participants harbored copy number variations (CNVs) already described in association to neurodevelopmental disorders. CNVs occurred more frequently in children with complex comorbidities. MR structural/signal alterations were found in a small number of children and were of uncertain pathogenic significance. These results confirm that CAS needs multidimensional diagnostic and clinical management. The high frequency of language impairment has important implications for early care and demands a personalized treatment approach in which speech and language goals are consistently integrated.
Understanding the Risks and Benefits of a Patient Portal Configured for HIV Care: Patient and Healthcare Professional Perspectives
Authors: Chu Dominic , Lessard David , Laymouna Moustafa A. , Engler Kim , Schuster Tibor , Ma Yuanchao , Kronfli Nadine , Routy Jean-Pierre , Hijal Tarek , Lacombe Karine , Sheehan Nancy , Rougier Hayette , Lebouché Bertrand
Published: February 2022

Background: Like other chronic viral illnesses, HIV infection necessitates consistent self-management and adherence to care and treatment, which in turn relies on optimal collaboration between patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs), including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and clinical care coordinators. By providing people living with HIV (PLHIV) with access to their personal health information, educational material, and a communication channel with HCPs, a tailored patient portal could support their engagement in care. Our team intends to implement a patient portal in HIV-specialized clinics in Canada and France. We sought to understand the perceived risks and benefits among PLHIV and HCPs of patient portal use in HIV clinical care. Methods: This qualitative study recruited PLHIV and HIV-specialized HCPs, through maximum variation sampling and purposeful sampling, respectively. Semi-structured focus group discussions (FGDs) were held separately with PLHIV and HCPs between August 2019 and January 2020. FGDs were recorded, transcribed, coded using NVivo 12 software, and analyzed using content analysis. Results: A total of twenty-eight PLHIV participated in four FGDs, and thirty-one HCPs participated in six FGDs. PLHIV included eighteen men, nine women, and one person identifying as other; while, HCPs included ten men, twenty women, and one person identifying as other. A multi-disciplinary team of HCPs were included, involving physicians, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, and clinical coordinators. Participants identified five potential risks: (1) breach of confidentiality, (2) stress or uncertainty, (3) contribution to the digital divide, (4) dehumanization of care, and (5) increase in HCPs’ workload. They also highlighted four main benefits of using a patient portal: (1) improvement in HIV self-management, (2) facilitation of patient visits, (3) responsiveness to patient preferences, and (4) fulfillment of current or evolving patient needs. Conclusion: PLHIV and HCPs identified both risks and benefits of using a patient portal in HIV care. By engaging stakeholders and understanding their perspectives, the configuration of a patient portal can be optimized for end-users and concerns may be mitigated during its implementation.
Aberrant Gamma-Band Oscillations in Mice with Vitamin D Deficiency: Implications on Schizophrenia and its Cognitive Symptoms
Authors: Yu Seungyeong , Park Mincheol , Kang Jiseung , Lee Eunkyung , Jung Jieun , Kim Tae
Published: February 2022

Vitamin D plays an essential role in cognitive functions as well as regulating calcium homeostasis and the immune system. Many epidemiological studies have also shown the close relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and the risk of schizophrenia. Cortical gamma-band oscillations (GBO) are associated with cognitive functions, such as attention and memory. Patients with schizophrenia show abnormal GBO with increased spontaneous GBO and decreased evoked GBO. However, the direct effect of VDD on GBO remains unknown. Parvalbumin interneurons, which predominantly contribute to the generation of GBO, are surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNN). We sought to investigate the associations among VDD, PNN, and GBO. Here, we injected a viral vector (AAV5-DIO-ChR2-eYFP) into the basal forebrain stereotaxically and implanted electrodes for electroencephalogram (EEG). At baseline, the evoked and spontaneous EEG power at the gamma frequency band was measured in 4-month-old male PV-Cre mice. After six and twenty weeks of vitamin D deficient food administration, the power of GBO was measured in the VDD condition. Next, we injected the chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) enzyme into the frontal cortex to eliminate PNN. We found that the VDD group showed decreased power of both optogenetically- and auditory-evoked GBO, whereas the spontaneous GBO increased. Enzymatic digestion of PNN showed similar changes in GBO. Taken together, we suggest that VDD could result in decreased PNN and, consequently, increase the spontaneous GBO and decrease the evoked GBO, reminiscent of the aberrant GBO in schizophrenia. These results show that VDD might increase the risk of schizophrenia and aggravate the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Production of a Bacillus anthracis Secretome with Suitable Characteristics as Antigen in a Complement Fixation Test
Authors: Galante Domenico , Manzulli Viviana , Donatiello Adelia , Fasanella Antonio , Chirullo Barbara , Francia Massimiliano , Rondinone Valeria , Serrecchia Luigina , Pace Lorenzo , Iatarola Michela , Tarantino Michela , Adone Rosanna
Published: February 2022

In this study, we cultured the Bacillus anthracis vaccine strain Sterne 34F2 in a medium containing EDTA, and we assessed the best conditions to inhibit the activity of zinc-dependent metalloproteases to obtain a secretome containing a high concentration of non-degraded PA (PA83), as evaluated by the SDS-PAGE analysis. Then, we used this secretome as the antigen in a Complement Fixation Test (CFT) to monitor the production of antibodies against PA83 in the sera of rabbits vaccinated with Sterne 34F2 and then infected with a B. anthracis virulent strain to evaluate the potency of the vaccine. The PAS-based CFT results were compared with those obtained by using a commercial ELISA kit. The two serological tests gave similar results in terms of specificity and sensitivity, as the kinetics of the antibodies production was very similar. The Sterne 34F2 vaccine induced an antibody response to PA83, whose titer was not inferior to 1:8 in PAS-based CFT and 42 kU/mL in PA83-based ELISA, respectively, in all vaccinated rabbits. Our opinion is that the PAS-based CFT can be successfully employed in humans and in animals for epidemiological retrospective studies or post-vaccination monitoring. We also suggest the use of our method to test the efficacy of veterinary anthrax vaccines.
Tribological Properties of the Nanoscale Spherical Y2O3 Particles as Lubricant Additives in Automotive Application
Authors: Tóth Álmos , Szabó Ádám , Leskó Máté , Rohde-Brandenburger Jan , Kuti Rajmund
Published: February 2022

The continuous tribological development of engine lubricants is becoming more and more vital due to its fuel efficiency improvement and lifetime increasing potential. The antiwear additives play a high role in the lubricants to protect the contacting surfaces even in the presence of thinner oil film. Nanoscale spherical particles in the lubricant may increase the necessary protecting effect. This paper presents the results of the experimental tribological investigation of nanoscale spherical Y2O3 (yttria) ceramic particles as an engine lubricant additive. The ball-on-disc tribological measurements have revealed an optimum concentration at 0.5 wt% with about 45% wear scar diameter and 90% wear volume decrease, compared to the reference, neat Group III base oil. The high-magnitude SEM analysis revealed the working mechanisms of yttria: the particles collected in the roughness valleys resulted in a smoother contacting surface, they were tribo-sintered and they have also caused slight plastic deformation of the outer layer of the metallic surface.
Comparative Analysis of Rub-Impact Dynamics of Shrouded Blades Based on the Bilinear Hysteresis Model and the Coulomb Friction Model
Authors: Zheng Dangdang , Liu Geng , He Shangwen , Han Bing
Published: February 2022

The bilinear hysteresis friction model and the Coulomb friction model are two typical macro slip models which are widely used by researchers in simulation analysis of rub-impact dynamics of shrouded blades. However, differences in the simulation results of shrouded blades based on these two friction models have not well been studied recently. In this paper, a two-dimensional lumped mass model of shrouded blades including axial displacements and tangential displacements is established, and the kinetic equations of the blades under different contact conditions are derived. The contact-separation and stick-slip transition points are determined by the bisection method. Using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, comparative analysis of the nonlinear characteristics and the vibration reduction characteristics of shrouded blades based on the bilinear hysteresis friction model and the Coulomb friction model are carried out. Numerical simulation results indicate that the nonlinear characteristics and the vibration reduction characteristics of shrouded blades based on these two friction models are not accordant. The discussion in this paper offers thinking for the selection of the friction model in a study on rub-impact dynamics of shrouded blades.
Influence of Pentaerythritol Tetraacrylate Crosslinker on Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer Performance in Cementitious System
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhao Hongwei , Chen Guang , Peng Qi , Liu Yingying , Song Fei , Liu Qingquan
Published: February 2022

In this work, a crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizer (crosslinked-PC) was synthesized via the free radical polymerization reaction. Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA) was used as the crosslinked agent. A comparative comb-like polycarboxylate superplasticizer (comb-like-PC) was prepared under the same reaction conditions. The dispersion retention capacity, dispersion capability, hydration characteristics of the cement paste and setting time were investigated in detail. At the dosage of 0.6% bwoc, the fluidity of the cement/crosslinked-PC paste was about 340 mm, which was 40~50 mm larger than the cement/comb-like-PC paste. The dispersion retention capacity of the cement/crosslinked-PC paste was observed to be much superior due to higher adsorbed amounts on the cement particles. Moreover, the cement/crosslinked-PC paste exhibited the initial and final setting durations of 196 and 356 min, respectively, which indicated an enhancement of 18 and 68 min compared to the cement/comb-like paste. The crosslinked copolymers exhibit a stronger retardation effect than the comb-like copolymers due to their enhanced adsorbed amounts and stronger steric hindrance effect. This is further illustrated by the characterization of the hydration process and hydration products. It can be concluded that it is feasible to improve the dispersive capacity and the dispersion retention capacity of PC by changing the molecule structure from comb-like to slightly crosslinked.
Advances in Silica-Based Large Mode Area and Polarization-Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber Research
Authors: Ma Yuan , Wan Rui , Li Shengwu , Yang Liqing , Wang Pengfei
Published: February 2022

In recent years, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have attracted increasing attention. Compared with traditional optical fibers, PCFs exhibit many unique optical properties and superior performance due to their high degree of structural design freedom. Using large-mode area (LMA) fibers with single-mode operation is essential to overcoming emerging problems as the power of fiber lasers scales up, which can effectively reduce the power density and mitigate the influence of nonlinear effects. With a brief introduction of the concept, classification, light transmission mechanism, basic properties, and theoretical analysis methods of PCFs, this paper mainly compiles the worldwide development of large-mode area and polarization-maintaining (PM) PCFs, and finally proposes possible technical routes to realize the single-mode operation of LMA-PCFs and PM-LMA-PCFs. Finally, the future development prospects of the PCFs are discussed.
Large Deflections of Thin-Walled Plates under Transverse Loading—Investigation of the Generated In-Plane Stresses
Authors: Hakim Gilad , Abramovich Haim
Published: February 2022

Thin-walled plates subjected to transverse loading undergoing large deflection have been the topic of a large number of studies. However, there is still a lack of information about the nature and the distribution membrane stresses generated under large deflections. The purpose of this paper is to calculate and display the distribution of the generated stresses and the respective deflections on the entire rectangular plate area. Finite element analysis results for thin-walled plates with aspect ratios of 1, 2 and 5, on movable and immovable edges simply supported and clamped boundary conditions are clearly visualized. The distribution of the normal and shear stresses enables a good understanding of the plate critical points locations. It was found that strong tensile and compressive membrane stresses exist at various points near the plate edges, creating potential failure hazards.
Crown-Ether Functionalized Graphene Oxide Membrane for Lithium Recovery from Water
Authors: Baudino Luisa , Pedico Alessandro , Bianco Stefano , Periolatto Monica , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Lamberti Andrea
Published: February 2022

The massive worldwide transition of the transport sector to electric vehicles has dramatically increased the demand for lithium. Lithium recovery by means of ion sieves or supramolecular chemistry has been extensively studied in recent years as a viable alternative approach to the most common extraction processes. Graphene oxide (GO) has also already been proven to be an excellent candidate for water treatment and other membrane related applications. Herein, a nanocomposite 12-crown-4-ether functionalized GO membrane for lithium recovery by means of pressure filtration is proposed. GO flakes were via carbodiimide esterification, then a polymeric binder was added to improve the mechanical properties. The membrane was then obtained and tested on a polymeric support in a dead-end pressure setup under nitrogen gas to speed up the lithium recovery. Morphological and physico-chemical characterizations were carried out using pristine GO and functionalized GO membranes for comparison with the nanocomposite. The lithium selectivity was proven by both the conductance and ICP mass measurements on different sets of feed and stripping solutions filtrated (LiCl/HCl and other chloride salts/HCl). The membrane proposed showed promising properties in low concentrated solutions (7 mgLi/L) with an average lithium uptake of 5 mgLi/g in under half an hour of filtration time.
Forward Osmosis (FO) Membrane Fouling Mitigation during the Concentration of Cows’ Urine
Authors: Guizani Mokhtar , Ito Ryusei , Matsuda Takato
Published: February 2022

FO membrane fouling mitigation during the concentration of cows’ urine was investigated. In particular, the effects on the permeability recovery of cleaning methods such as membrane washing with deionized (DI) water, osmotic backwash, and chemical cleaning were studied. The characterization of foulants that accumulated on the membrane surface was found to be rich in sugars and proteins. The foulants were effectively removed by de-ionized water circulation (washing) and osmotic backwash. While osmotic back was more effective, it did not fully recover the permeability of the membrane. The foulants absorbed in the membrane pores were found to be mainly composed of sugars. Soaking the membrane in a solution of NaClO enabled the removal of foulants absorbed inside the membrane. It was revealed that soaking in 1% NaClO solution for 30 min achieved the best results (83% permeability recovery), while soaking for a longer time (10 h) using 0.2% NaClO resulted in counterproductive results.
Recovery of Model Pharmaceutical Compounds from Water and Organic Solutions with Alginate-Based Composite Membranes
Authors: Anokhina Tatyana , Dmitrieva Evgenia , Volkov Alexey
Published: February 2022

In this work, we combined the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and further cross-linking by cations towards the preparation of nanofiltration membranes based on sodium alginate, a biodegradable, natural polymer. Acetone, ethanol, toluene, and hexane were used as non-solvents, and cations of calcium, silver, and aluminum—for polymer cross-linking, respectively. Results showed the precipitation strength of non-solvent played a noticeable role in the membrane’s performance; for instance, the toluene permeability changed by four orders of magnitude with the decrease of precipitation strength of the non-solvent: acetone (Ptoluene = 0.1 kg∙m−2∙h−1∙bar−1) < ethanol (3 kg∙m−2∙h−1∙bar−1) < hexane (41 kg∙m−2∙h−1∙bar−1) < toluene (415 kg∙m−2∙h−1∙bar−1). It was shown that simultaneous precipitation and crosslinking in aqueous solutions AlCl3 or AgNO3 must be used in the preparation of alginate membranes for the highly selective recovery of pharmaceutical compounds from organic media. These membranes show rejection R = 90–93% of substances with MW = 626 g/mol and ethanol permeability PEtOH = 1.5–2.5 kg∙m−2∙h−1∙bar−1. For the highly selective recovery of pharmaceutical compounds from water, the method of obtaining membranes must be changed. Precipitation in toluene and then crosslinking in aqueous solutions of AlCl3 or AgNO3 must be used sequentially instead of simultaneous precipitation and crosslinking in aqueous solutions of the same inorganic salts. The permeability of such membranes varied from 0.44 to 7.8 kg∙m−2∙h−1∙bar−1 depending on the crosslinking cation in the alginate. The rejection of model substances with MW 350 and 626 g/mol were on the level of 99%. Alginate membranes can be used to solve separation problems in the pharmaceutical field, for example, to isolate antibiotics from their extractants and remove the same antibiotics from aqueous pharmaceutical waste to prevent their accumulation in the environment and the emergence of resistant genes and bacteria.
The Evaluation of DHPMs as Biotoxic Agents on Pathogen Bacterial Membranes
Authors: Gawdzik Barbara , Kowalczyk Paweł , Koszelewski Dominik , Brodzka Anna , Masternak Joanna , Kramkowski Karol , Wypych Aleksandra , Ostaszewski Ryszard
Published: February 2022

Herein, we present biological studies on 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) obtained via Biginelli reaction catalyzed by NH4Cl under solvent-free conditions. Until now, DHPMs have not been tested for biological activity against pathogenic E. coli strains. We tested 16 newly synthesized DHPMs as antimicrobial agents on model E. coli strains (K12 and R2–R4). Preliminary cellular studies using MIC and MBC tests and digestion of Fpg after modification of bacterial DNA suggest that these compounds may have greater potential as antibacterial agents than typically used antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin (ci), bleomycin (b) and cloxacillin (cl). The described compounds are highly specific for pathogenic E. coli strains based on the model strains used and may be engaged in the future as new substitutes for commonly used antibiotics in clinical and nosocomial infections in the pandemic era.
Enhanced Antimicrobial Cellulose/Chitosan/ZnO Biodegradable Composite Membrane
Authors: Sun Xiaolong , Yin Longfei , Zhu Huayue , Zhu Junhao , Hu Jiahuan , Luo Xi , Huang He , Fu Yongqian
Published: February 2022

In this study, chitosan and sugarcane cellulose were used as film-forming materials, while the inorganic agent zinc oxide (ZnO) and natural compound phenyllactic acid (PA) were used as the main bacteriostatic components to fabricate biodegradable antimicrobial composite membranes. The water absorption and antimicrobial properties were investigated by adjusting the concentration of PA. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrated that the components of the composite membrane were successfully integrated. The addition of ZnO improved the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the composite membrane, while the addition of PA with high crystallinity significantly reduced the water absorption and swelling. Moreover, the addition of 0.5% PA greatly improved the water absorption of the composite membrane. The results of antimicrobial experiments showed that PA improved the antimicrobial activity of the composite membrane against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium rubens. Among them, 0.3% PA had the best antimicrobial effect against S. aureus, E. coli and A. niger, while 0.7% PA had the best antimicrobial effect against P. rubens.
Slip Casting and Solid-State Reactive Sintering of BCZY(BaCexZr0.9−xY0.1O3−d)-NiO/BCZY Half-Cells
Authors: Ricote Sandrine , Kee Robert , Coors William
Published: February 2022

Slip casting was used to prepare BaCexZr0.9−xY0.1O3−d(BCZY)-NiO tubes with a diameter of ½ inches (1.25 cm) and ¾ inches (1.875 cm). Two compositions were studied: BCZY18 and BCZY27 for x = 0.1 and 0.2, respectively. The unfired tubes were then dip-coated with three layers of the BCZY electrolyte membrane. Solid-state reactive sintering was used, meaning that the support and membrane were prepared with the precursors (oxides and carbonates). After co-sintering at 1550 °C, a 20-micron thick dense BCZY layer was well-adhered to the 1 mm thick BCZY-NiO support, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The sintered BCZY-NiO/BCZY tubes were sealed onto alumina or BCZY substrates using a silver-based braze (with TiO2 and CuO additions). Gas tightness was achieved under 2 bar when covering the silver braze with a ceramic (Resbond) sealing layer. These slip cast tubes are intended for use as hydrogen electrodes in various protonic ceramic devices, and the advantages of short tubes for reactor design are discussed.
Role of Hot Rolling in Microstructure and Texture Development of Strip Cast Non-Oriented Electrical Steel
Authors: Jiao Haitao , Xie Xinxiang , Hu Xinyi , Zhao Longzhi , Misra Raja Devesh Kuma , Liu Dejia , Tang Yanchuan , Hu Yong
Published: February 2022

In this study, the effect of the hot-cold rolling process on the evolution of the microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of strip-cast non-oriented electrical steel was investigated by introducing hot rolling with different reductions. The results indicate that hot rolling with an appropriate reduction, such as the 20% used in this study, increases the shear bands and {100} deformed microstructure in the cold roll sheet. As a result, in our study, enhanced η and Cube recrystallization texture and the improved magnetic induction were obtained. However, hot rolling with excessive reduction (36–52%) decreased the shear bands and increased the α-oriented deformation microstructure with low stored energy. It enhanced the α recrystallization texture and weakened the η texture, resulting in a decrease in the magnetic induction. In addition, hot rolling promoted the precipitation of supersaturated solid solution elements in the as-cast strip, thereby affecting the subsequent microstructure evolution and the optimization of its magnetic properties.
Plasma Oxylipin Profile Discriminates Ethnicities in Subjects with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Mazi Tagreed A. , Borkowski Kamil , Fiehn Oliver , Bowlus Christopher L. , Sarkar Souvik , Matsukuma Karen , Ali Mohamed R. , Kieffer Dorothy A. , Wan Yu-Jui Y. , Stanhope Kimber L. , Havel Peter J. , Newman John W. , Medici Valentina
Published: February 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver pathology that includes steatosis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Without a clear pathophysiological mechanism, it affects Hispanics disproportionately compared to other ethnicities. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and inflammatory lipid mediators including oxylipin (OXL) and endocannabinoid (eCB) are altered in NAFLD and thought to contribute to its pathogenesis. However, the existence of ethnicity-related differences is not clear. We employed targeted lipidomic profiling for plasma PUFAs, non-esterified OXLs and eCBs in White Hispanics (HIS, n = 10) and Caucasians (CAU, n = 8) with biopsy-confirmed NAFL, compared with healthy control subjects (HC; n = 14 HIS; n = 8 CAU). NAFLD was associated with diminished long chain PUFA in HIS, independent of histological severity. Differences in plasma OXLs and eCBs characterized ethnicities in NASH, with lower arachidonic acid derived OXLs observed in HIS. The secondary analysis comparing ethnicities within NASH (n = 12 HIS; n = 17 CAU), confirms these ethnicity-related differences and suggests lower lipoxygenase(s) and higher soluble epoxide hydrolase(s) activities in HIS compared to CAU. While causes are not clear, these lipidomic differences might be with implications for NAFLD severity and are worth further investigation. We provide preliminary data indicating ethnicity-specific lipidomic signature characterizes NASH which requires further validation.
The Potential of Metabolomics in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Gonzalez-Covarrubias Vanessa , Martínez-Martínez Eduardo , del Bosque-Plata Laura
Published: February 2022

The metabolome offers a dynamic, comprehensive, and precise picture of the phenotype. Current high-throughput technologies have allowed the discovery of relevant metabolites that characterize a wide variety of human phenotypes with respect to health, disease, drug monitoring, and even aging. Metabolomics, parallel to genomics, has led to the discovery of biomarkers and has aided in the understanding of a diversity of molecular mechanisms, highlighting its application in precision medicine. This review focuses on the metabolomics that can be applied to improve human health, as well as its trends and impacts in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, longevity, the exposome, liquid biopsy development, and pharmacometabolomics. The identification of distinct metabolomic profiles will help in the discovery and improvement of clinical strategies to treat human disease. In the years to come, metabolomics will become a tool routinely applied to diagnose and monitor health and disease, aging, or drug development. Biomedical applications of metabolomics can already be foreseen to monitor the progression of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, using branched-chain amino acids, acylcarnitines, certain phospholipids, and genomics; these can assess disease severity and predict a potential treatment. Future endeavors should focus on determining the applicability and clinical utility of metabolomic-derived markers and their appropriate implementation in large-scale clinical settings.
Effect of Supplementation with Olive Leaf Extract Enriched with Oleuropein on the Metabolome and Redox Status of Athletes’ Blood and Urine—A Metabolomic Approach
Authors: Lemonakis Nikolaos , Mougios Vassilis , Halabalaki Maria , Dagla Ioanna , Tsarbopoulos Anthony , Skaltsounis Alexios-Leandros , Gikas Evagelos
Published: February 2022

Oleuropein (OE) is a secoiridoid glycoside occurring mostly in the Oleaceae family and presenting several pharmacological properties, including hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties. Based on these, several dietary supplements containing olive leaf extracts enriched with OE are commercially available in many countries. The current study aimed to examine the effect of supplementation with such an extract on the serum and urine metabolome of young healthy male athletes. For this purpose, applying a randomized, balanced, double-blind study, nine young, healthy males (physical education students) received either a commercially prepared extract or placebo for one week, followed by a two-week washout period; then, they were subsequently dosed with the alternate scheme (crossover design). Urine and serum samples were analyzed using UHPLC-HRMS, followed by evaluation with several multivariate methods of data analysis. The data were interpreted using a multilevel metabolomic approach (multilevel-sPLSDA) as it was found to be the most efficient approach for the study design. Metabolic pathway analysis of the most affected metabolites revealed that tryptophan and acylcarnitine’s biochemistries were most influenced. Furthermore, several metabolites connected to indole metabolism were detected, which may indicate enhanced serotonin turnover. Phenylethylamine and related metabolites, as well as estrone, were connected to enhanced performance. In addition, possible changes to the lipidemic profile and the blood and urine redox statuses were investigated.
Enhancing the Recognition Task Performance of MEMS Resonator-Based Reservoir Computing System via Nonlinearity Tuning
Authors: Sun Jie , Yang Wuhao , Zheng Tianyi , Xiong Xingyin , Guo Xiaowei , Zou Xudong
Published: February 2022

Reservoir computing (RC) is a potential neuromorphic paradigm for physically realizing artificial intelligence systems in the Internet of Things society, owing to its well-known low training cost and compatibility with nonlinear devices. Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) resonators exhibiting rich nonlinear dynamics and fading behaviors are promising candidates for high-performance hardware RC. Previously, we presented a non-delay-based RC using one single micromechanical resonator with hybrid nonlinear dynamics. Here, we innovatively introduce a nonlinear tuning strategy to analyze the computing properties (the processing speed and recognition accuracy) of the presented RC. Meanwhile, we numerically and experimentally analyze the influence of the hybrid nonlinear dynamics using the image classification task. Specifically, we study the transient nonlinear saturation phenomenon by fitting quality factors under different vacuums, as well as searching the optimal operating point (the edge of chaos) by the static bifurcation analysis and dynamic vibration numerical models of the Duffing nonlinearity. Our results in the optimal operation conditions experimentally achieved a high classification accuracy of (93 ± 1)% and several times faster than previous work on the handwritten digits recognition benchmark, profit from the perfect high signal-to-noise ratios (quality factor) and the nonlinearity of the dynamical variables.
Research Status and Prospect of Laser Scribing Process and Equipment for Chemical Milling Parts in Aviation and Aerospace
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Qiang , Sun Pengpeng , Zang Chenxin , Wang Liuquan , Ning Zhiwei , Li Ming , Wang Hui
Published: February 2022

Laser scribing in chemical milling is an important process which can effectively improve the precision and efficiency of chemical milling, and is of great significance to improve the thrust–weight ratio and manufacturing efficiency of aviation and aerospace parts. According to the scribing requirements in chemical milling for aviation and aerospace parts, the process and mechanism of laser scribing were studied and the influence of different process parameters for the quality of laser scribing was analyzed. Based on the review of related research literature, the laser scribing process, the ablation mechanism and technology of different materials and the selective laser removal process for “laser–coating–substrate” are summarized and discussed. Based on the requirements of high-precision laser scribing on complex surfaces, the current situation of laser scribing equipment is summarized. Finally, the practical challenges and key technical problems for the laser scribing process are summarized, and the application and development of laser scribing in aerospace manufacturing are prospected.
The Biofabrication of Diseased Artery In Vitro Models
Authors: Pan Chen , Gao Qiqi , Kim Byoung-Soo , Han Yafeng , Gao Ge
Published: February 2022

As the leading causes of global death, cardiovascular diseases are generally initiated by artery-related disorders such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and aneurysm. Although clinical treatments have been developed to rescue patients suffering from artery-related disorders, the underlying pathologies of these arterial abnormalities are not fully understood. Biofabrication techniques pave the way to constructing diseased artery in vitro models using human vascular cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules, which are capable of recapitulating arterial pathophysiology with superior performance compared with conventional planar cell culture and experimental animal models. This review discusses the critical elements in the arterial microenvironment which are important considerations for recreating biomimetic human arteries with the desired disorders in vitro. Afterward, conventionally biofabricated platforms for the investigation of arterial diseases are summarized, along with their merits and shortcomings, followed by a comprehensive review of advanced biofabrication techniques and the progress of their applications in establishing diseased artery models.
Microscopic Imaging Methods for Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms
Authors: Buchanan Bailey C. , Yoon Jeong-Yeol
Published: February 2022

Microscopic imaging is essential and the most popular method for in situ monitoring and evaluating the outcome of various organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms, including the number and morphology of mammalian cells, gene expression, protein secretions, etc. This review presents an overview of how various imaging methods can be used to image organ-on-a-chip platforms, including transillumination imaging (including brightfield, phase-contrast, and holographic optofluidic imaging), fluorescence imaging (including confocal fluorescence and light-sheet fluorescence imaging), and smartphone-based imaging (including microscope attachment-based, quantitative phase, and lens-free imaging). While various microscopic imaging methods have been demonstrated for conventional microfluidic devices, a relatively small number of microscopic imaging methods have been demonstrated for OOC platforms. Some methods have rarely been used to image OOCs. Specific requirements for imaging OOCs will be discussed in comparison to the conventional microfluidic devices and future directions will be introduced in this review.
High-Performance Piezoelectric-Type MEMS Vibration Sensor Based on LiNbO3 Single-Crystal Cantilever Beams
Authors: Wei Huifen , Geng Wenping , Bi Kaixi , Li Tao , Li Xiangmeng , Qiao Xiaojun , Shi Yikun , Zhang Huiyi , Zhao Caiqin , Xue Gang , Chou Xiujian
Published: February 2022

It is a great challenge to detect in-situ high-frequency vibration signals for extreme environment applications. A highly sensitive and robust vibration sensor is desired. Among the many piezoelectric materials, single-crystal lithium niobate (LiNbO3) could be a good candidate to meet the demand. In this work, a novel type of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) vibration sensor based on a single crystalline LiNbO3 thin film is demonstrated. Firstly, the four-cantilever-beam MEMS vibration sensor was designed and optimized with the parametric method. The structural dependence on the intrinsic frequency and maximum stress was obtained. Then, the vibration sensor was fabricated using standard MEMS processes. The practical intrinsic frequency of the as-presented vibration sensor was 5.175 kHz, which was close to the calculated and simulated frequency. The dynamic performance of the vibration sensor was tested on a vibration platform after the packaging of the printed circuit board. The effect of acceleration was investigated, and it was observed that the output charge was proportional to the amplitude of the acceleration. As the loading acceleration amplitude is 10 g and the frequency is in the range of 20 to 2400 Hz, the output charge amplitude basically remains stable for the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1400 Hz, but there is a dramatic decrease around 1400 to 2200 Hz, and then it increases significantly. This should be attributed to the significant variation of the damping coefficient near 1800 Hz. Meanwhile, the effect of the temperature on the output was studied. The results show the nearly linear dependence of the output charge on the temperature. The presented MEMS vibration sensors were endowed with a high output performance, linear dependence and stable sensitivity, and could find potential applications for the detection of wide-band high-frequency vibration.
Interplay of Multiple Sediment Routing Systems Revealed by Combined Sandstone Petrography and Heavy Mineral Analysis (HMA) in the South Pyrenean Foreland Basin
Authors: Coll Xavier , Roigé Marta , Gómez-Gras David , Teixell Antonio , Boya Salvador , Mestres Narcís
Published: February 2022

Combined sandstone petrography and heavy mineral analysis allow to decipher different sediment routing systems that could not be resolved by one method alone in the South Pyrenean foreland basin. We apply this approach to deltaic and alluvial deposits of the southern part of the Jaca basin, and in the time equivalent systems of the nearby Ainsa and Ebro basins, in order to unravel the evolution of source areas and the fluvial drainage from the Eocene to the Miocene. Our study allows the identification of four petrofacies and five heavy-mineral suites, which evidence the interplay of distinct routing systems, controlled by the emergence of tectonic structures. Two distinct axially-fed systems from the east coexisted in the fluvial Campodarbe Formation of the southern Jaca basin that were progressively replaced from east to west by transverse-fed systems sourced from northern source areas. In the late stages of evolution, the Ebro autochthonous basin and the Jaca piggy-back basin received detritus from source areas directly north of the basin from the Axial Zone and from the Basque Pyrenees. Coupling sandstone petrography with heavy mineral provenance analysis allows challenging the existing model of the South Pyrenean sediment dispersal, highlighting the relevance of this approach in source-to-sink studies.
Preparation of Antimony Sulfide and Enrichment of Gold by Sulfuration–Volatilization from Electrodeposited Antimony
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Shuai , Yang Jia , Cao Chengsong , Hou Kanwen , Xia Lixin , Zhang Jun , Xu Baoqiang , Yang Bin
Published: February 2022

Electrodeposited antimony can be treated with sulfuration–volatilization technology, which causes antimony to volatilize in the form of antimony sulfide. During this process, gold is enriched in the residue, thereby realizing the value-added use of antimony and the recovery of gold. In this study, the thermodynamic conditions of antimony sulfide were analyzed by the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Moreover, the volatilization behavior of antimony sulfide and the enrichment law of gold were studied by heat volatilization experiments. The effects of the sulfide temperature and volatilization pressure on the separation efficiency of antimony and gold enrichment were investigated. The results demonstrate that the sulfuration rate was the highest, namely 96.06%, when the molar ratio of sulfur to antimony was 3:1, the sulfur source temperature was 400 °C, the antimony source temperature was 550 °C, and the sulfuration time was 30 min. Antimony sulfide prepared under these conditions was volatilized at 800 °C over 2 h at an evaporation pressure of 0.2 atm, and the volatilization rate was the highest, namely 92.81%. Antimony sulfide with a stibnite structure obtained from the sulfuration–volatilization treatment of electrodeposited antimony meets the ideal stoichiometric ratio of sulfur and antimony in Sb2S3 (3:2), and gold is enriched in the residue.
Magnesium Coprecipitation with Calcite at Low Supersaturation: Implications for Mg-Enriched Water in Calcareous Soils
Authors: Abdollahpour Mostafa , Heberling Frank , Schild Dieter , Rahnemaie Rasoul
Published: February 2022

The concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in natural aqueous environments are controlled by sorption and dissolution–precipitation reactions. Ca binding in calcareous soils depends on the degree of solution saturation with respect to CaCO3. Mg may be bound in precipitating calcite. Here, we investigated Mg incorporation into calcite via the recrystallization of vaterite, which simulates a very low supersaturation in a wide range of Mg to Ca ratios and pH conditions. Increasing the Mg to Ca ratios (0.2 to 10) decreased the partition coefficient of Mg in calcite from 0.03 to 0.005. An approximate thermodynamic mixing parameter (Guggenheim a0 = 3.3 ± 0.2), that is valid for dilute systems was derived from the experiments at the lowest initial Mg to Ca ratio (i.e., 0.2). At elevated Mg to Ca ratios, aragonite was preferentially formed, indicating kinetic controls on Mg partitioning into Mg-calcite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) analyses indicated that Mg is not incorporated into aragonite. The thermodynamic mixing model suggests that at elevated Mg to Ca ratio (i.e., ≥1) Mg-calcite becomes unstable relative to pure aragonite. Finally, our results suggest that the abiotic incorporation of Mg into calcite is only effective for the removal of Mg from aqueous environments like calcareous soil solution, if the initial Mg to Ca ratio is already low.