bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cidade à noite: uso e apropriação de espaços públicos no período noturno
Authors: Cruz Layara Alves , Tenorio Gabriela de Souza
Published: September 2021

Neste trabalho, realizou-se uma pesquisa do tipo “estado da arte”, em que se procurou identificar a produção acadêmica com discussões acerca do uso e apropriação de espaços públicos no período noturno, tangenciando os estudos urbanos, produção dos espaços e a vida urbana. Questiona-se como esses temas vêm sendo abordados na relação de espaço físico estruturado para a vida noturna. Como procedimento metodológico, procurou-se identificar produções acadêmicas de teses, dissertações e artigos dos últimos 16 anos, com consulta em banco de dados, especialmente na plataforma Scielo. Os resultados apontam que a preocupação com a vida noturna vai além de aspectos relacionados à infraestrutura, como iluminação e segurança – incorporando pontos referentes a lazer, economia e mobilidade noturna – ampliando as atividades para além da boêmia. Infere-se lacunas na abordagem dos espaços públicos e os conflitos com diferentes usos na noite urbana capazes de direcionar novos estudos.

In this work, a state-of-the-art research is seeking to identify academic discussions surrounding the use and appropriation of public spaces at nighttime. The discourse encompasses urban studies, the construction of common spaces, and urban life, and delves into how the themes are being discussed in relation to physical space and the structure of public nightlife. As a research method, the author peruses academic database platforms, most notably, Scielo, and gathers academic theses, dissertations, and articles published within the last 16 years. The research findings indicate that the concern with nightlife goes beyond aspects related to infrastructure, such as lighting and security. In addition, leisure, economy, and night mobility are also identified as key concerns when discussing the theme. The evidence conveys that the activities are broadening beyond its bohemian uses. The intersectionality between public spaces and the distinct uses of urban during nighttime will lead to avant-garde studies.
Planes versus normas en el ordenamiento territorial: el caso de la de la provincia de Córdoba-Argentina
Authors: Martinez Mónica , Schiavoni Maria Julia
Published: September 2021

La siguiente ponencia forma parte del proyecto de investigación de la Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Instrumentos para planificar el territorio y proyectar la ciudad: desafíos para alcanzar condiciones de sustentabilidad. En esta presentación, se aborda el estudio y análisis de los instrumentos de ordenamiento territorial - planes y marco normativo - presentes en el territorio provincial de Córdoba, y se propone como objetivo, comprender la problemática actual en los procesos de planificación y regulación del territorio provincial, con el fin contribuir a la elaboración de un marco de ordenación general que englobe todos los instrumentos de planificación. La hipótesis que se intenta verificar expresa que la correspondencia entre los planes regionales y urbanos y los marcos regulatorios generales sobre las áreas urbanas, rurales y naturales resulta fundamental para abordar la problemática del ordenamiento territorial.

This paper is part of the research project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the National University of Córdoba, Instruments for planning the territory and project the city: challenges to achieve sustainability conditions. This presentation addresses the study and analysis of the territorial planning instruments present in Córdoba, the plans and regulation of territory. The objetive is to understand the current problem in the planning and regulation processes of the provincial territory, in order to contribute to the development of a general management for all planning instruments, in the case of the province of Córdoba. The hypothesis try to verify the correspondence between the regional and urban plans and the general regulatory frameworks on the urban, rural and natural areas, in order to address the territorial planning problem.
Leitura teórica de proposta projetual: ensaio sobre a Colônia Witmarsum, Palmeira, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Hardt Letícia Peret Antunes , Hardt Carlos , Hardt Marlos
Published: September 2021

Perante o potencial distanciamento entre teoria e prática em projetos urbanos, o objetivo do trabalho consiste em associar postulados teóricos a soluções projetuais, adotando, como estudo de caso, a intervenção idealizada para a Colônia Witmarsum. Com abordagem qualitativa, natureza aplicada e enfoque experimental, o ensaio partiu da compreensão da problemática da gênese espacial. Esse diagnóstico contextual evidencia tanto a subtração pelo deslocamento incitado de Menonitas e a divisão de seus membros em vários países, quanto a multiplicação pela consolidação comunitária, a adição pelo trabalho conjunto e a igualdade pelo cooperativismo. A leitura do prognóstico propositivo identifica que a apropriação desses sinais matemáticos como linguagem de desenho valoriza a identidade cultural e aponta para a transformação do espaço em território, pelo domínio da coletividade, e deste último em lugar, pelo estímulo ao pertencimento, com acentuação do processo perceptual da paisagem.

In view of the potential distance between theory and practice in urban projects, the objective of the work is to associate theoretical postulates with design solutions, adopting, as case study, the intervention idealized for the Witmarsum Colony. With qualitative approach, applied nature and experimental focus, the essay started from the understanding of the problematic of spatial genesis. This contextual diagnosis evidences both the subtraction by the incited displacement of Mennonites and the division of its members into several countries, as well as the multiplication by the community consolidation, the addition by the joint work and the equality by the cooperativism. The reading of the propositional prognosis identifies that the appropriation of these mathematical signs as drawing language values cultural identity and points to the transformation of space into territory, by the domain of the collectivity, and from this last in place, by stimulating belonging, with emphasis of landscape's perceptual process.
Cidades participativas. experiência do Brasil e Portugal em perspectiva comparada: a revisão dos planos diretores de Passo Fundo, Brasil e Maia, Portugal
Authors: Oliveira Filho João Telmo , Allegretti Giovanni , Mota José Carlos , Rusconi Isabella
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo decorre de um projeto de investigação em pós-doutoramento realizado no Centro de Estudos Sociais da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal que teve como objetivo verificar a dinâmica dos processos participativos na revisão dos planos diretores municipais em cidades do Brasil e de Portugal. Nomeadamente,foram analisados os processos de revisão do plano diretor municipal na cidade da Maia, em Portugal e na cidade de Passo Fundo, no Brasil. No estudo, procurou-se conhecer as dinâmicas e verificar se as metodologias e processos envolvidos garantem uma efetiva participação das populações nos processos.A pesquisa incluiuo acompanhamento de audiências públicas,a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadase a sistematização e comparação de dados e informações.Embora em realidades diferenciadas,as duas experiências tem muito em comum,e a pesquisa permitiu comparar déficits e bônus dos processos participativos estudados.

This article is the result of a post-doctoral research project carried out at the Centro de EstudosSociaisofCoimbra Universit Portugal, and aimed to verify the dynamics of participatory processes in the review of municipal master plans in cities in Brazil and Portugal.Namely,we studied the processes related to the municipal master plan review in the city of Maia, Portugal and, by way of comparison, the process of reviewing the master plan for the city of Passo Fundo, Brazil. In the study, it was sought to verify whether the methodologies and processes involved guarantee an effective participation of citizens in the processes. The research included monitoring public hearings, conducting semi-structured interviews and systematizing and comparing data and information. Although in different realities, the two experiences have a lot in common, and the research made it possible to compare deficits and bonus of the participatory processes studied.
La figura del parque agrario en Argentina: un recurso para afrontar las problemáticas de la urbanización metropolitana
Authors: Mantovani Graciela Verónica , Peralta Flores María Celeste , Soijet Mirta Graciela C.
Published: September 2021

Se desarrolla, desde una indagación propositiva, la problemática del crecimiento urbano reciente en las metrópolis Argentinas de segundo orden y los impactos que la urbanización acelerada produce en la reducción del territorio periurbano productivo destinado al equilibrio territorial y alimentario, situación que actualmente pone en la agenda pública tanto la propia idea de ciudad y sus nuevas formas de gobernanza, como las herramientas de planificación, proyecto y gestión para su desarrollo sostenible entre las que aquí se debate acerca dela figuradel «parque agrario» como propuesta e instrumento.

It is developed, from a propositive inquiry, the problem of recent urban growth in Argentine metropolis of Second Order and the impacts that accelerated urbanization produces on the reduction of productive peri-urban territory destined for territorial and food balance, situation that currently puts on the public agenda both the very idea of city and its new forms of governance, as well as the planning, project and management tools for its sustainable development among which is discussed here about the «agrarian park» as a proposal and instrument.
A percepção do usuário acerca da sinalização em ambientes turísticos: o caso da Praia de Iracema
Authors: Montenegro Diego Sombra , Farias Filho José Almir
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender como as informações de sinalização em ambientes urbanos turísticos têm sido percebidas e acessadas pelos usuários, de modo a evidenciar os hábitos que estejam relacionados às opções de interfaces analógicas ou digitais, bem como apontar quais resultados podem ser estratégicos em questões de sociabilidade e interação urbanas. O estudo de caso recai sobre o bairro da Praia de Iracema, situado na orla marítima da cidade de Fortaleza, e que esteve à frente da eleição da capital cearense como cidade criativa em Design pela UNESCO em 2019. Este bairro, um reduto da boêmia e do lazer noturno, transformou-se progressivamente em ambiente turístico integrado ao cenário globalizado das cidades-mercadoria. Analisando os resultados obtidos através da aplicação de um questionário neste local, destacamos a percepção dos usuários e a aplicação de abordagem interdisciplinar como estratégia relevante para a qualidade de projetos de sinalização.

This paper aims to understand how the signage information in touristic areas have been perceived and accessed by the community, in order to highlight the patterns associated to the choice between analog or digital interfaces, as well as to point out which results can be strategic in matters of urban sociability and interaction. The case study focuses on the touristic district of Praia de Iracema, located on the waterfront of the city of Fortaleza, capital of Ceará, which was a front-runner of the election for Creative City in Design, by UNESCO in 2019. This neighborhood, a bohemian stronghold, nightlife hub and a touristic environment integrated to the globalized scenario of commodity cities has progressively transformed. From analyzing the results obtained through the application of a questionnaire at this location, we highlight the users' perception and the application of interdisciplinary approach as a relevant strategy for the quality of environmental design projects.
Acessibilidade e mobilidade sustentável para vizinhança hospitalar regional: o caso de Barretos/SP (Hospital de Amor)
Authors: Tavares Jeferson Cristiano , Fantin Marcel , Rossi Anna Laura Pereira , Beltramini Luiza Paes de Barros C. L. , Gomez Renan Santos
Published: September 2021

O objetivo é problematizar a experiência do Projeto de Vizinhança do Hospital de Amor (Barretos-SP) como oportunidade de debates sobre projetos ao redor de equipamentos regionais implantados no tecido urbano. Este Projeto foi realizado como atividade de extensão entre o IAU-USP (pelo Grupo PExURB) e a Fundação Pio XII (Hospital de Amor) e buscou consolidar, pela prática urbanística, diretrizes para ações de ordenamento territorial para o entorno de grandes equipamentos regionais de serviços públicos. A proposta articulou plano e projeto e as escalas urbana e regional integrando o projeto urbanístico por espaços públicos inclusivos. Suas soluções (de mobilidade, acessibilidade, serviços públicos, meio ambiente etc.) articulam-se de forma sistêmica e compõem uma grande infraestrutura de saúde com o conjunto da cidade. Nesse sentido, através da análise qualitativo-descritiva o trabalho buscou avaliar as possibilidades de princípios norteadores e metodológicos aplicáveis para o entorno de hospitais na conformação de vizinhanças adequadas à população.

The objective is to problematize the experience of the Neighborhood Project at the Hospital de Amor (Barretos-SP) as an opportunity to debate urbanization projects. The Hospital Neighborhood Project was carried out through an extension activity between IAU-USP (by the PExURB Group) and the Pio XII Foundation (Hospital de Amor) and sought to consolidate, through urban practice, guidelines for territorial planning actions around large regional public service facilities. The proposal articulated the plan and project and the urban and regional scales, integrating the urban project through inclusive public spaces. Its solutions (mobility, accessibility, public services, environment, etc.) are articulated in a systemic way and comprise a large health infrastructure with the entire city. In this sense, through qualitative-descriptive analysis, we evaluate the possibilities of discussing guiding and methodological principles applicable to the environment of hospitals in the conformation of neighborhoods suitable for the population.
Mobilidade urbana sustentável: estudo de viabilidade da aplicação de indicadores para a avaliação da mobilidade – Vitória/ES
Authors: Bonatto Daniella do Amaral Mello , Rocha Jaqueline dos Santos
Published: September 2021

O crescimento da população urbana resulta no aumento da demanda por mobilidade e distribuição menos desigual do uso e ocupação do solo urbanos. Este artigo apresenta um estudo de aplicação de indicadores relacionados à mobilidade urbana sustentável em um bairro de Vitória/ES, bem como sua viabilidade. A metodologia baseou-se na seleção de indicadores de sustentabilidade urbana, de ferramentas internacionais e levantamentos de dados oficiais e de campo. Os resultados mostraram indício de sustentabilidade no bairro, nos quesitos acessibilidade ao transporte público e quilômetros de vias exclusivas à bicicleta, embora a indisponibilidade de dados oficiais e a metodologia de verificação de algumas ferramentas, inadequadas à realidade brasileira, tenham dificultado a aplicação. Não obstante, considera-se o uso de indicadores uma importante ferramenta para a gestão urbana e políticas públicas, recomendando-se o ajuste à nossa realidade, sua aferição regular por órgãos públicos, a execução de análises intraurbanas e avaliações qualitativas complementares.

The urban population’s growth results in increased demand for mobility and less unequal distribution of the use and occupation of urban soils. This article presents a study of the application of indicators related to sustainable urban mobility in the neighborhood of Vitória-ES, as well as its feasibility. A methodology based on the selection of urban urban sustainability indicators from international tools and surveys of official and field data. The results shown in the sustainability index in a neighborhood in which they have access to public transport and kilometers of exclusive bike lanes, although official data and a verification methodology for some tools are not possible, inadequate for the Brazilian reality, making application difficult. Nevertheless, consider the use of indicators as an important tool for urban management and public policies, recommending the adjusting to our reality, regular measurement by public agencies, an execution of intra-urban analyzes and specific qualitative practices
A cidade noturna: análise de condicionantes socioespaciais nas atividades noturnas em bairros residenciais do Recife
Authors: Iannicelli Ana Carolina Puttini , Monteiro Circe
Published: September 2021

Este estudo enfoca um tema relegado nos estudos urbanos: a vida noturna nas cidades. O objetivo é compreender como novos hábitos da sociedade no espaço, principalmente da classe média, são moldados pela cultura local, sentimento de segurança e novos meios de comunicações. Paralelamente, observa-se também a influência das características morfológicas e da diversidade do uso do solo dos bairros. A premissa a ser demonstrada é que a vida noturna atual difere dos padrões de décadas anteriores, principalmente pela temporalidade e natureza das atividades desenvolvidas. Assim, desenvolveu-se um mapeamento de atividades presentes em dois bairros de classe média do Recife, visando identificar padrões de hábitos noturnos da população, assim como verificar o papel das redes sociais na disseminação de informações que favorecem as pessoas a sair de noite. Resultados mostram que existe condicionantes demográficos do uso do bairro e que o fator renda, idade e sexo apresentam significância nos resultados obtidos.

The study deals with the city's nightlife, focusing on social issues such as habits and culture, in addition to urban morphological characteristics and diversity of land use. The study, centered in two areas, seeks to understand new habits of society, shaped by local culture, feeling of security and new technologies. The hypothesis indicates that the current nightlife differs from the patterns of previous decades, mainly due to the temporality of the activities. The first focus is to understand the spatiality of activities, through a mapping, and the second is to identify new habits of the population, as well as the role of social networks in the dissemination of information that favor night activities. Results show the existence of a demographic pattern in the use of the neighborhood and, for the most part, the income, age and sex factor are significant in the results obtained.
Influência da cultura e da identidade na ocupação territorial: análise da paisagem do Farol de Santa Marta (SC-BR)
Authors: Moraes Adriane
Published: September 2021

Este artigo pretende fazer uma reflexão sobre a influência da cultura e da identidade no processo histórico e na evolução da ocupação territorial, em uma determinada comunidade de pescadores, na cidade de Laguna/SC, denominada Farol de Santa Marta, por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, hipotético-dedutiva, e de registros bibliográficos, documentais e iconográficos. Ademais, busca-se identificar a relação entre as modificações que esse espaço urbano experimentou ao longo dos anos, decorrente de uma posse desordenada do território, bem como a influência do turismo na paisagem e no Farol enquanto patrimônio. A partir de tais exames, constatou-se que a ocupação indiscriminada não é consequência de uma espontaneidade, mas sim de uma intenção proveniente das primeiras populações, que assim teriam agido por conveniência e por escolha na definição do sítio e na forma de dispor as casas ao redor do Farol, tendo em vista seus interesses socioculturais e econômicos.

This article aims to reflect on the influence of culture and identity on the historical process and the evolution of territorial occupation, in a given community of fishermen, in the city of Laguna/SC, called Santa Marta Lighthouse, through qualitative, hypothetical-deductive research, and bibliographic, documentary and iconographic records. Moreover, it seeks to identify the relationship between the changes that this urban space has experienced over the years, resulting from a disorderly possession of the territory, as well as the influence of tourism on the landscape and lighthouse as heritage. From such examinations, it was found that indiscriminate occupation is not a consequence of spontaneity, but rather an intention from the first populations, which would have acted by convenience and by choice in the definition of the site and in the way of dispose of the houses around the Lighthouse, in view of their sociocultural and economic interests.
Olivais Norte e Olivais Sul: desafios para uma conservação urbana integrada
Authors: Chaves C.
Published: September 2021

Dentro da temática da produção de cidade e habitação social nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, os Olivais – Norte e Sul – representam uma ação de planeamento e intervenção na cidade de singular dimensão e de um novo programa de habitação social. Historicamente, consolida a expansão oriental da cidade de Lisboa e o papel do agente público no planeamento e desenvolvimento urbano. Culturalmente, materializa visões distinto da forma de habitar a cidade expressas em morfologias que, nos Olivais Norte, reflete o pensamento urbanístico expresso na Carta de Atenas (1933), enquanto, nos Olivais Sul manifestam alterações decorrentes de sua revisão. Propõe-se, nesta comunicação, o estudo comparativo das propostas e dos resultados construídos a fim de evidenciar os valores patrimoniais destes espaços à medida que se ressalta sua importância histórica e cultural. O reconhecimento desses valores é etapa fundamental para pensar possíveis caminhos para conservação do património cultural nestes bairros, contribuindo para refletir sobre a conservação urbana integrada desta área.

Within urban planningand social housing issuesfrom the 1950s and 1960s, Olivais - North and South - represent a planned action of intervention in the city, exceptional for its dimension, and a new social housing program. Historically, it has consolidated the Lisbon’s urban expansion to the East and the role of the public agent in urban planning and development. Culturally, it materializes different visions of inhabiting the city expressed in morphologies that, in Olivais Norte, reflected the urban thinking expressed in the AthensCharter (1933), while in Olivais Sul it reflected changes resulting from its revision. This paper aims to highlight the heritage values of these landscapes and buildings through a comparative study of the original designs and final outcomes. The recognition of these values is a fundamental step to think about possible ways to conserve cultural heritage in these neighbourhoods, contributing to reflect on the integrated urban conservation of this area.
Prohibition
Authors: Rose David ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: September 2021

How do you decide which laws are just, and which to break? How do you know when a democratic government has passed a law you are comfortable breaking? In this work of philosophical short fiction, the narrator admits he is an addict. He takes a taxi to a vacant part of town, and walks the rest of the way to his source. He knocks and enters the restaurant. Only one other patron, a woman. He orders the illegal dish to serve his addiction, a steak. With a glass of red wine he savors the illegal action of eating animal flesh. Just then the place is busted by the police. The narrator hides, but can see the police interrogating the woman and the doorman. In an effort to get information, the younger policeman begins beating the woman and accidentally kills her. The police decide to cover their tracks by throwing the woman in the back alley and making the doorman promise to never tell anyone what he saw. After the police leave, the terrified narrator slips out the back.
Online Oral Examination During Covid-19
Authors: Graf Stefan Ting , Rasmussen Fie , Ruge Dorthe
Published: September 2021

In Denmark, oral examination is widely used. During the first period of Covid-19 shutdown oral examination had to be carried out through video conference systems. In Denmark as well as internationally there is little research on the topic. How do students experience examination while sitting at home? How does the technology affect the practice? How do students and teachers deal with nervousness? How is the exam dialogue experienced under digital conditions? In this study we investigate students-and teachers experiences with online oral examination at a university college in Denmark. The study is based on statistical analysis of a survey and qualitative analysis of open text fields. In addition to the overall contentment with online oral examination for both students and teachers, the results indicate that there are conflicting experiences with digital oral examination.
Synchronized Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Pap Gyula , Varnyú József
Published: September 2021

We consider a variation of the well-known traveling salesman problem in which there are multiple agents who all have to tour the whole set of nodes of the same graph, while obeying node- and edge-capacity constraints require that agents must not "crash". We consider the simplest model in which the input is an undirected graph with all capacities equal to one. A solution to the synchronized traveling salesman problem is called an "agency". Our model puts the synchronized traveling salesman problem in a similar relation with the traveling salesman problem as the so-called evacuation problem, or the well-known dynamic flow (flow-over-time) problem is in relation with the minimum cost flow problem.

We measure the strength of an agency in terms of number of agents which should be as large as possible, and the time horizon which should be as small as possible. Beside some elementary discussion of the notions introduced, we establish several upper and lower bounds for the strength of an agency under the assumption that the input graph is a tree, or a 3-connected 3-regular graph.
Decycling bipartite graphs
Authors: Hertz Alain
Published: September 2021

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph and let $S\subseteq V$ be a subset of its vertices. If the subgraph of $G$ induced by $V\setminus S$ is acyclic, then $S$ is said to be a decycling set of $G$. The size of a smallest decycling set of $G$ is called the decycling number of $G$. Determining the decycling number of a graph $G$ is NP-hard, even if $G$ is bipartite.
We describe a tabu search procedure that generates decycling sets of small size for arbitrary bipartite graphs. Tests on challenging families of graphs show that the proposed algorithm improves many best-known solutions, thus closing or narrowing the gap to the best-known lower bounds.
Requiem for Universal Jurisdiction in Spain
Authors: Esteve Moltó José Elías
Published: September 2021

The two relevant legislative reforms that universal jurisdiction was subjected to have been a serious blow to the fight against impunity in Spain. The reasons for this de facto repeal of universal justice can only be explained by political interference of foreign governments whose citizens were cornered by Spanish justice. However, with regard to the 2014 reform, there was the possibility that the Constitutional Court might declare that the reform violated some articles of the Spanish Constitution. This last hope evaporated when this court recently rejected the appeals. First, the ruling on 20 December 2018 rejected the Socialist MPs’ arguments. Then, with this precedent, in 2019 the vast majority of cases pursuing international crimes – Tibet, Falun Gong, Rwanda, Guantanamo, the Ashraf refugee camp in Iraq, Couso – were definitively closed. After having exhausted all Spain’s internal options, now the different appeals before the European Court of Human Rights are being rejected. Meanwhile, universal jurisdiction has only survived in the Spanish courts if it involves pursuing a few cases of terrorism, leaving those who were being investigated for war crimes and genocide to go scot-free.
Le transfert de maîtrise et de propriété des satellites en orbite en droit de l’espace
Authors: Cakir Tugrul
Published: September 2021

Le contexte spatial a radicalement changé avec la commercialisation et la privatisation des activités spatiales. Le transfert des satellites en orbite, qui est devenu une pratique courante dans le domaine spatial, n’était pas prévu au moment de la conclusion des traités spatiaux. Le transfert de maîtrise d’un satellite d’un État de lancement au profit d’un non-État de lancement conduit à deux dissociations de concepts : entre le concept d’État de lancement et celui d’État approprié et entre l’État d’immatriculation et l’exercice de juridiction/contrôle sur l’objet spatial. Face à cela, des solutions sont proposées par la doctrine et en pratique. Nous allons notamment nous concentrer sur les solutions proposées dans les législations nationales relatives aux opérations spatiales. En vertu de l’article VI du Traité de l’Espace, les opérations spatiales conduites par les entités non gouvernementales nécessitent d’être encadrées par les États. L’encadrement est effectué à travers les mécanismes d’autorisation et de surveillance continue, qui constituent deux piliers dans les législations nationales. L’objet de ce travail est de mettre en avant les interrogations soulevées par cette pratique au regard des traités spatiaux et d’insister sur l’importance des législations nationales dans la gouvernance des activités spatiales.
Vienkāršas formas objektu mijiedarbības ar šķidrumu analīze un vadības optimizācija
Authors:   , Vutukuru Shravan Koundinya
Published: September 2021

Šķidruma plūsmas un ķermeņa un šķidruma mijiedarbības pētījumiem ir sena vēsture, taču interesanti ir tas, ka joprojām nav izpētītas nestacionāras ķermeņa kustības un nestacionāras šķidruma mijiedarbības parādības. Risinājums ir ļoti sarežģīts, jo pastāv milzīga vienādojumu sistēma, kas sastāv no visiem telpiskā uzdevuma elementiem, kas ir savienoti kopā starp visiem telpas un laika posmiem. Turklāt, apsverot telpiskos aspektus parciālo diferenciālo vienādojumu sistēmas risināšanai, virkne sarežģījumu rodas no risinājuma metodes veida (galīgas starpības, galīgi tilpumi, galīgi elementi) un arī no mezglu veidošanas metodēm (kustīgas, strukturētas vai nestrukturētas). Lai gan ir pieejami mūsdienīgi komerciāli šķidruma un struktūras mijiedarbības modeļi, tie aprobežojas ar vienkāršiem ķermeņiem un prasa biežas tīkla maiņas metodes, kas ir laikietilpīgas un dārgas skaitļošanas procesos. Promocijas darbā īpaši pievērsta uzmanība tikai cieta ķermeņa un šķidruma (gaisa) mijiedarbībai, un netiek ievērota plūsmas blīvuma deformācija vai plūsmas atdalīšanās parādība. Tā vietā tiek piedāvāta alternatīva aptuvena pieeja mijiedarbības fenomena aprakstam un tā priekšrocību pētīšanai. Tuvinātās teorijas pamatideja promocijas darbā ir tāda, ka, lai būtu vienkāršota pieeja analīzei, tiek izmantots prizmas formas vienkāršots ķermeņa matemātiskais modelis, ignorējot šķidruma (gaisa) viskozitāti. Tāpēc šī ir aptuvena teorija nestacionāru ķermeņa un šķidruma kustību mijiedarbības fenomenam. Šim nolūkam tiek izmantotas līdzīgas stacionāras nekustīgas ķermeņa un šķidruma mijiedarbības, kas veiktas ar programmas ANSYS aprēķiniem (2D telpā un 3D telpā), kur stacionārs RANS vienādojums tiek atrisināts ar turbulences modeļa palīdzību. Darbā apspriestā koncepcija piedāvā alternatīvu pieeju “telpa-laiks” programmēšanas metodēm. Tā palīdzēs atrisināt tehnoloģiskos uzdevumus attiecībā uz vienkāršas formas objektu optimizāciju un sintēzi, kam nepieciešami milzīgi skaitļošanas apjomi. Piemēram, tiek pētīta jauna zinātnes iespēja attiecībā uz autonomiem robotiem (zem ūdens esoša robotzivs ar vienu un diviem astes izpildmehānismiem), kur tiek piedāvāta iebūvēta spēka bloka tehnika (enerģijas ieguve no apkārtējās vides), kas tiek analizēta, pamatojoties tikai uz plūstoša šķidruma un kustīga ķermeņa mijiedarbības parādību. Eksperimenti vienkāršas formas objektiem tika veikti ARMFIELD vēja tunelī, kas ir pieejams Rīgas Tehniskajā universitātē, piemēram, ar nemainīgu ātrumu 10 m/s, kas tika validēti ar datorprogrammu ANSYS 3D telpā. Visas jaunākās izstrādātās metodes, to priekšrocības un nozīmīgums saistībā ar šķidruma struktūras mijiedarbību ir apkopoti literatūras pārskata sadaļā, izmantojot dažādas internetā pieejamās datubāzes.
Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke with occlusion of the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery: A literature review
Authors: Cho Yong-Hwan , Choi Jae Hyung
Published: September 2021

Thanks to new generation devices, mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has substantially evolved and become the standard treatment for patients with acute occlusion of the internal carotid artery or proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) (M1 segment). However, the role and benefit of MT in patients with distal MCA (M2 segment) occlusion remain unclear. Therefore, there is a need for further studies. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of MT for M2 occlusion, this article reviews the natural course of M2 occlusion, the evidence regarding MT for M2 segment occlusion, clinical outcomes of MT for M2 occlusion, and treatment outcomes according to device type.
Death and Dying
Authors: Piemonte Nicole , Abreu Shawn
Published: September 2021

An examination of the contemporary medicalization of death and dying that calls us to acknowledge death's existential and emotional realities.

Death is a natural, inevitable, and deeply human process, and yet Western medicine tends to view it as a medical failure. In their zeal to prevent death, physicians and hospitals often set patients and their families on a seemingly unstoppable trajectory toward medical interventions that may actually increase suffering at the end of life. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series examines the medicalization of death and dying and proposes a different approach—one that acknowledges death's existential and emotional realities.

The authors—one an academic who teaches and studies end-of-life care, and the other a physician trained in hospice and palliative care—offer an account of Western-style death and dying that is informed by both research and personal experience. They examine the medical profession's attitude toward death as a biological dysfunction that needs fixing; describe the hospice movement, as well as movements for palliative care and aid in dying, and why they failed to influence mainstream medicine; consider our reluctance to have end-of-life conversations; and investigate the commodification of medicine and the business of dying. To help patients die in accordance with their values, they say, those who care for the dying should focus less on delaying death by any means possible and more on being present with the dying on their journey.
Your Wit Is My Command
Authors: Veale Tony
Published: September 2021

For fans of computers and comedy alike, an accessible and entertaining look into how we can use artificial intelligence to make smart machines funny.

Most robots and smart devices are not known for their joke-telling abilities. And yet, as computer scientist Tony Veale explains in Your Wit Is My Command, machines are not inherently unfunny; they are just programmed that way. By examining the mechanisms of humor and jokes—how jokes actually work—Veale shows that computers can be built with a sense of humor, capable not only of producing a joke but also of appreciating one. Along the way, he explores the humor-generating capacities of fictional robots ranging from B-9 in Lost in Space to TARS in Interstellar, maps out possible scenarios for developing witty robots, and investigates such aspects of humor as puns, sarcasm, and offensiveness.

In order for robots to be funny, Veale explains, we need to analyze humor computationally. Using artificial intelligence (AI), Veale shows that joke generation is a knowledge-based process—a sense of humor is blend of wit and wisdom. He notes that existing technologies can detect sarcasm in conversation, and explains how some jokes can be pre-scripted while others are generated algorithmically—all while making the technical aspects of AI accessible for the general reader. Of course, there's no single algorithm or technology that we can plug in to make our virtual assistants or GPS voice navigation funny, but Veale provides a computational roadmap for how we might get there.
Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Migrants and Refugees in Developed Countries
Authors: Akombi-Inyang Blessing , Huda Md. Nazmul , Byaruhanga Judith , Renzaho Andre
Published: September 2021

Background: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) increases the risk of developing non-communicable diseases among migrant and refugee populations living in developed countries. This systematic review aims to examine the DBM among migrants and refugees in developed countries. It aims to appraise, synthesise, and summarise literature to create an evidence base that looks at multiple faces of DBM.

Methods/Design: This protocol is informed by the standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A systematic review of peer-reviewed quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies on DBM among migrants and refugees in developed countries will be undertaken. The review will include only studies published in English. Eight bibliographic databases will be searched: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, and web of science. Grey literature will also be searched. Studies that meet the inclusion criteria will be imported to Covidence. Screening for eligible studies will be conducted by two independent researchers. The quality of included studies will be appraised for risk of bias using validated tools. A narrative synthesis approach will be undertaken to report retrieved data.

Discussion: The protocol provides insight into the scope and parameters of the systematic review to be conducted.
Mental Health and Wellbeing Impacts of Societal Attitudes Towards Forcibly Displaced Young People
Authors: Harding Natasha , McCormack Lynne , Fitzpatrick Sally
Published: September 2021

Background: In less time than it takes to read this sentence, someone somewhere in the world will be forcibly displaced. With exponential increases in displacement likely to continue, research into the resettlement experiences and mental health of forcibly displaced people is essential. There is an abundance of research pertaining to the mental health and wellbeing of refugee populations and research that investigates societal attitudes towards refugees. However, there is a little research on the direct impacts of societal attitudes on the mental health and wellbeing of those from a refugee-like background, particularly young people.

Method: This scoping review seeks to systematically explore the academic and grey literature around both positive and negative societal attitudes in host countries, and the subsequent positive and negative impacts on young people from a refugee-like background. The search strategy consists of synonyms for the four basic constructs (youth, displaced people, mental health, attitudes). Six scholarly databases and grey literature will be searched. To be included in the Review, papers must study the affective component of attitudes in host countries, as well as reporting on the mental health impacts on young people from a refugee-like background. Findings will be thematically analysed using NVivo and presented in the full Scoping Review.
Future Directions: Study Protocol for an Effectiveness-Implementation Hybrid Evaluation of a State-based Social Housing Strategy and Three Social Housing Programs
Authors: Cameron Lisa Ann , Etuk Lena , Hateley-Browne Jessica , Kalb Guyonne , Parker Belinda , Rose Vanessa , Botha Ferdi , Contreras Suarez Diana , Herault Nicolas , Meekes Jordy , Moschion Julie , Scutella Rosanna , Tseng Yi-Ping , Creet Ella , Koop Danika
Published: September 2021

Background: In the Australian state of New South Wales nearly 60,000 approved applicants are waiting for social housing. Future Directions for Social Housing is a response to this challenge. This collection of housing programs aims to provide more social housing, support and incentives for leaving social housing and a better social housing experience. This document presents the protocol of the evaluation of these programs and the overarching Future Directions Strategy.

 Methods/Design: The evaluation will use a Type 1 effectiveness-implementation hybrid design, with an integrated, dual focus on assessing the effectiveness of Future Directions and better understanding the context for reform implementation. Program effectiveness will be examined using quasi-experimental techniques applied to linked administrative data. The implementation context will be examined via program level data, qualitative interviews and focus groups with stakeholders and tenants. Some quantitative survey and administrative data will also be used. Findings from the implementation evaluation will be used to inform and interpret the effectiveness evaluation. Economic evaluations will also be conducted.

 Discussion: This methodology will produce a high-quality evaluation of a large, complex government program which aims to facilitate rapid translational gains, real-time adoption of effective implementation strategies and generate actionable insights for policymakers.
The Racial Politics of Division
Authors: Gosin Monika
Published: September 2021

The Politics of Division deconstructs antagonistic discourses that circulated in local Miami press between African-Americans, “white” Cubans, and “black” Cubans during the 1980 Mariel Boatlift and the 1994 Balsero Crisis. In its challenge to discourses which pit these groups against one another, the book examines the nuanced ways that identities such as “black,” “white,” and “Cuban” have been constructed and negotiated in the context of Miami’s historical multi-ethnic tensions. The book argues that dominant race-making ideologies of the white establishment regarding “worthy citizenship” shape inter-minority conflict as groups negotiate their precarious positioning within the nation. The book contends that the lived experiences of the African-Americans, white Cubans, and Afro-Cubans involved disrupt binary frames of worthy citizenship narratives, illuminating the greater complexity of racialized identities. Foregrounding the oft-neglected voices of Afro-Cubans, the book highlights how their specific racial positioning offers a challenge to white Cuban-American anti-blackness and complicates narratives that placed African-American “natives” in opposition to (white) Cuban “foreigners,” while revealing also how Afro-Cubans and other Afro-Latinos negotiate racial meanings in the United States. Focusing on the intricacy of interminority tensions in Miami, the book adds dimension to modern debates about race, blackness, immigration, interethnic relations, and national belonging.
Defining and measuring microservice granularity—a literature overview
Authors: Vera-Rivera Fredy H. , Gaona Carlos , Astudillo Hernán
Published: September 2021

Background

Microservices are an architectural approach of growing use, and the optimal granularity of a microservice directly affects the application’s quality attributes and usage of computational resources. Determining microservice granularity is an open research topic.

Methodology

We conducted a systematic literature review to analyze literature that addresses the definition of microservice granularity. We searched in IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library and Scopus. The research questions were: Which approaches have been proposed to define microservice granularity and determine the microservices’ size? Which metrics are used to evaluate microservice granularity? Which quality attributes are addressed when researching microservice granularity?

Results

We found 326 papers and selected 29 after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality attributes most often addressed are runtime properties (e.g., scalability and performance), not development properties (e.g., maintainability). Most proposed metrics were about the product, both static (coupling, cohesion, complexity, source code) and runtime (performance, and usage of computational resources), and a few were about the development team and process. The most used techniques for defining microservices granularity were machine learning (clustering), semantic similarity, genetic programming, and domain engineering. Most papers were concerned with migration from monoliths to microservices; and a few addressed green-field development, but none address improvement of granularity in existing microservice-based systems.

Conclusions

Methodologically speaking, microservice granularity research is at a Wild West stage: no standard definition, no clear development—operation trade-offs, and scarce conceptual reuse (e.g., few methods seem applicable or replicable in projects other than their initial proposal). These gaps in granularity research offer clear options to investigate on continuous improvement of the development and operation of microservice-based systems.
Inter-element variation in the bone histology ofAnteosaurus(Dinocephalia, Anteosauridae) from theTapinocephalusAssemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa
Authors: Bhat Mohd Shafi , Shelton Christen D. , Chinsamy Anusuya
Published: September 2021

Despite its abundance in the Permian fossil record of South Africa, little is known about the life history ofAnteosaurus. Here we examine the bone microstructure of multiple skeletal elements ofAnteosaurusfrom theTapinocephalusAssemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin. The bone histology ofAnteosaurus magnificusreveals that the cortex is composed of highly vascularized, uninterrupted fibrolamellar bone tissue surrounding the inner spongy medullary region. However, the histology of two ribs and a previously described femur of anotherAnteosaurustaxon revealed an interrupted growth pattern with lines of arrested growth and peripheral rest lines occurring in the compacta, indicating periodic pauses in growth possibly linked to the slowing down of growth during maturity. Given that the fibula of the same individual has well-vascularised fibrolamellar bone tissue without any growth marks in the cortex; this suggests variation in skeletal growth. Based on our histological results, three growth dynamic stages are deduced for the genusAnteosaurus: (i) the earliest growth stage is represented by the predominance of highly vascularized, uninterrupted fibrolamellar bone tissue in the inner cortex, which suggests rapid periosteal bone deposition during early ontogeny; (ii) the next stage of growth shows periodic interruptions in the bone deposition as indicated by the deposition of lines of arrested growth; (iii) the third stage shows the development of lamellar bone tissue with rest lines in the peripheral part of the cortex suggesting a slowing down of growth prior to death. Most of the skeletal elements are characterized by thick bone walls, extensive secondary reconstruction and the complete infilling of the medullary cavity. However, the radius and a previously studied femur have open medullary cavities with struts of bony trabeculae. Based on histologic structures and comparisons with extant taxa, it is likely thatAnteosaurusmay have been more terrestrial as its osteology point towards terrestriality, but it may have occasionally inhabited ephemeral pools like modern semi-aquaticHippopotamus.