bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A K‐band eight‐element reconfigurable phased‐array receiver with high Tx‐band rejection
Authors: Xie Zhuoheng , Jin Shi Chao , Sun Jia Xing , Liu Dunge , Huang Bo , Yang Yuqian , Mei Chenyu , Su Jinhuai , Huang Jun , Wu Xiulong , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2024

A K‐band eight‐element phased‐array receiver is proposed, featuring a reconfigurable beam count and high Tx‐band rejection, tailored for satellite communication applications. By precisely designing the inter‐stage and output matching networks of the four‐stage low‐noise amplifier, the Tx‐band rejection of the receiver can be effectively enhanced to align with the requirements of more than 35 dB in shared‐aperture phased‐array applications. Meanwhile, the reconfigurable power divider is meticulously designed to achieve three different operation modes, which allows the eight‐element receiver to be configured for one, two, or four simultaneous beams. In addition, an active vector‐modulated phase shifter is designed to meet the demands of precise phase shifts of phased‐array systems. Based on the proposed method, a K‐band eight‐element reconfigurable phased‐array receiver operating from 17.7 to 21.2 GHz is designed and measured. The measurement exhibits more than 35‐dB Tx‐band rejection, 21–24.5 dB for single‐channel gain, and lower than 2.6 dB for noise figure within the design bandwidth. Meanwhile, the measured root mean square (RMS) gain error and RMS phase error are confined within 0.8 dB and 3.7°, respectively.
Traitement de la rupture du ligament croisé crânial
par une nouvelle technique d’ostéotomie (la CBLO)
Authors: Bardet Jean-François , Ribbenst Lisa
Published: July 2024

La rupture du ligament croisé crânial est la première cause de boiterie du membre pelvien chez le chien. La cause exacte n’est pas connue, mais une pente excessive du plateau tibial apparaît comme étant le principal facteur.

Le traitement médical permet d’atténuer la douleur mais n’empêche pas la progression des lésions. De multiples techniques chirurgicales existent dont une nouvelle technique d’ostéotomie du tibia, la CBLO pour CORA – Based Levelling Osteotomy. Le principe repose sur l’alignement de l’axe de la diaphyse proximale et de l’axe de la métaphyse proximale du tibia. Le bascule du tibia proximal se fait autour de l’intersection des deux axes nommés CORA (center of rotation angulation) afin d’obtenir une pente tibiale entre 9° et 12°.

La mise en pratique est illustrée par un cas de rupture de ligament croisé crânial chez un Montagne de Pyrénées mâle de 3 ans présentant une boiterie aiguë du membre postérieur droit.
Une CBLO est réalisée avec un abord chirurgical médial, une ostéotomie centrée sur le cercle CORA et une pose de vis de traction ainsi qu’une plaque pour CBLO.

L’utilisation de la CBLO est associée à une diminution du nombre de complications observées avec la TPLO et une accélération de la récupération clinique.
Preconditioning by Moderate-Intensity Exercise Prevents
Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Fonseca Esdras Guedes , Araújo-Ferreira Ana Paula , Berger Markus , Castro Coimbra-Campos Leda Maria , Silva Filha Roberta , de Souza Cordeiro Leticia Maria , Campos Mariana Rodrigues , Oliveira Laura Barroso Ferreira , Caliari Marcelo Vidigal , Leite Diniz Lucio Ricardo , Alves Fabiana , Martins Almir Souza , Peruchetti Diogo Barros , Ribeiro Vieira Maria Aparecida
Published: July 2024

A strict correlation among proximal tubule epithelial cell dysfunction,
proteinuria, and modulation of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Kalikrein-Kinin
System are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). In
this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of preconditioning
by moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on gentamicin-induced AKI. Male Wistar
rats were submitted to a moderate-intensity treadmill exercise protocol for 8
weeks, and then injected with 80 mg/kg/day s.c. gentamicin for 5 consecutive
days. Four groups were generated: 1) NT+SAL (control); 2) NT+AKI (non-trained
with AKI); 3) T+SAL (trained); and 4) T+AKI (trained with AKI). The NT+AKI group
presented: 1) impairment in glomerular function parameters; 2) increased
fractional excretion of Na + , K + , and water; 4)
proteinuria and increased urinary γ-glutamyl transferase activity (a marker of
tubular injury) accompanied by acute tubular necrosis; 5) an increased renal
angiotensin-converting enzyme and bradykinin B1 receptor mRNA expression.
Interestingly, the preconditioning by moderate-intensity aerobic exercise
attenuated all alterations observed in gentamicin-induced AKI (T+AKI group).
Taken together, our results show that the preconditioning by moderate-intensity
aerobic exercise ameliorates the development of gentamicin-induced AKI. Our
findings help to expand the current knowledge regarding the effect of physical
exercise on kidneys during physiological and pathological conditions.
Redução fechada assistida por Schanz (SACR): Uma nova técnica de redução para fixação intramedular elástica estável de fraturas pediátricas do antebraço
Authors: Masquijo Julio Javier
Published: July 2024

Fraturas dos dois ossos do antebraço são prevalentes entre pacientes pediátricos. A haste intramedular elástica estável (ESIN, na sigla em inglês) é uma excelente opção para fraturas do antebraço que requerem estabilização cirúrgica em crianças e adolescentes. A redução fechada de fraturas do terço proximal pode ser particularmente difícil, e as múltiplas tentativas malsucedidas de inserção da haste podem aumentar o risco de síndrome compartimental. Este artigo apresenta uma nova técnica chamada redução fechada assistida por Schanz (SACR, na sigla em inglês) com uso de um Shanz de 4 mm para facilitar o alinhamento e a inserção da haste e evitar as complicações associadas a tempos operatórios mais longos e à redução aberta.
Lung Transplant for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Swartz Kyle , Mansour Ali , Alsunaid Sammar
Published: July 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) carries a high burden of morbidity and mortality to patient and a high cost to health care systems. Lung transplantation is a last resort available for end-stage COPD patients interested in pursuing it and meeting the strict transplant requirements. It requires commitment from patients and their loved ones to support them through this tough process. This review will cover history of transplant, indications, candidate selection, evaluation testing, transplant listing, type of transplant (single versus bilateral), posttransplant complications, immunosuppression, and rejection. It is tailored to the COPD patient when applicable; however, many aspects of lung transplantation are shared amongst all lung diseases eligible for transplant.
Chart Review and Practical Recommendations for the Use of Methadone as an Alternative to Opioid Rotation in the Management of Cancer-Related Pain
Authors: Ghoshal Arunangshu , Damani Anuja , Thota Raghu , Jain P. N.
Published: July 2024

Introduction Palliative care, with a focus on enhancing the quality of life for individuals facing life-limiting illnesses, relies on effective pain management as a fundamental component. Opioids, particularly methadone, play a crucial role in addressing moderate to severe pain in palliative care due to their unique pharmacological properties. Methadone, a long-acting opioid agonist and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, is valuable for treating both nociceptive and neuropathic pain. However, the transition to methadone from other opioids requires careful consideration.

Objectives This study examines the use of methadone as an alternative to morphine or fentanyl for managing refractory cancer pain in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of anonymized medical records of cancer patients initiated on oral methadone for pain management at a tertiary cancer center's palliative medicine outpatient clinic from February 2020 to June 2021. Data included demographic characteristics, pain descriptions, concurrent analgesic use, reasons for transitioning to methadone, rotation methods, methadone dosages, clinical outcomes, adverse effects, and treatment discontinuations. Patients were routinely followed up, with pain scores, morphine equivalent daily doses, and methadone requirements recorded at each visit.

Results Forty-four patients received methadone, either as a coanalgesic (41/44) or primary opioid (3/44). Refractory cancer pain, with a neuropathic component, was the predominant indication for methadone use. Following the methadone initiation, all patients experienced significant pain relief. Median daily methadone dose increased from 5 to 7.5 mg after 1 week. Adverse effects were minimal, with one patient experiencing QTc interval prolongation. Patient-specific factors often necessitated deviations from equianalgesic conversion tables in determining methadone dosages.

Conclusion Methadone offers a viable option for refractory cancer pain when conventional treatments fall short. Physicians should prioritize personalized titration and thorough assessment during opioid rotation, rather than relying solely on conversion tables. Further research is needed to explore alternative approaches for opioid rotation and to expand our understanding of methadone's optimal use in cancer pain management.
Family firms and the governance of global value chains
Authors: Debellis Francesco , Rondi Emanuela , Buckley Peter J. , De Massis Alfredo
Published: July 2024

The current evolution of global value chains (GVCs) calls for moving beyond the “unipolar” view of lead multinational enterprises (MNEs) as sole rulers to examine how their characteristics and those of partner firms affect GVC governance. In response to this call, we focus on family firms, which are the most ubiquitous organizational form worldwide and represent the majority of firms participating in GVCs. Unlike non-family firms, these organizations face distinct mixed gambles, driven by both economic and non-economic goals. However, internalization theory and the associated global factory model, which explain GVC governance, rely solely on economic assessments, limiting our understanding and predictability of MNE behavior. Therefore, in this study, we show how location decisions, degree of internalization, and relationship management in GVCs differ from the conventional global factory model when family firms are involved as lead MNEs and/or partners. By analyzing how comparative efficiency considerations change when family firms are involved, we offer implications for internalization theory and provide a more comprehensive framework for understanding control and trust dynamics in GVCs. Thus, we pave the way for future research to revise and enrich international business theories, taking into account the distinctiveness and heterogeneity of family firms.
Fractional quantum Hall effect of a rapidly rotating gas of ultracold bosonic atoms
Authors: Ammar M. Ahmed , Boucherf S.
Published: July 2024

The long-term goal of our study is to perform a simulation on a rapidly rotating gas of ultracold bosonic atoms. When the rotation frequency is close to the harmonic trap frequency, the trapping force is compensated by the centrifugal force and only the Coriolis force remains, analogous to the Lorentz force. The quantum Hall effect regime is reached when the number of vortices is larger than the number of atoms. In this work, we demonstrate a variety of excitations of the fractional quantum Hall states of composite fermions and ultracold two-dimensional rapidly rotating bosonic atoms. Second, we can also check directly whether there is a relationship between these two phenomena by calculating the energy of N = 8 bosons in the ground state of the harmonic oscillator and a few-boson elementary excitations for the Bose–Laughlin state at the half filling factor.
Magnetic properties of YbB12. Pressure effects
Authors: Panfilov A. S. , Lyogenkaya A. A. , Grechnev G. E.
Published: July 2024

For one of the famous and widely investigated intermediate valence compound YbB12, the experimental studies of the pressure effect on magnetic susceptibility χ(P) were carried out under helium gas pressure P up to 2 kbar at fixed temperatures 78 and 300 K using a pendulum type magnetometer. The measurements show a slight increase in susceptibility under pressure, which is consistent in sign with similar literature data for other ytterbium compounds with intermediate valence of Yb ions. Based on a model analysis of experimental data, the pressure derivative of Yb valence in YbB12 was estimated for the first time, the value of which is in line with the general trend of the valence behavior under pressure in rare earth compounds exhibiting intermediate valence.
Polyamorphism gets a magnetic boost
Authors: Eremenko V. V. , Saxena S. S. , Sirenko V. A. , Minakova K. A.
Published: July 2024

Four decades since the concept of polyamorphism was introduced by [L. S. Palatnik (1909–1994), Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 25, 400 (1909)], numerous investigations proved its presence in a broad variety of nonmagnetic short-range ordered materials, like structural, metallic, a-metallic, inorganic molecule, orientational, electron glasses, water, ice, carbons, and others. It was manifested by phase transitions between amorphous states as a function of the quench condition and under compression, mediated by long-wave fluctuations of an order parameter. There has been much recent discussion given to the phenomenon of polyamorphism where distinct, different states of amorphous liquids and solids are observed as a function of density. The outstanding contribution of the recently late [A. Sella, et al. (1956–2022), Nat. Mater. 21, 490 (2022)],2 in the field should be recognized here. Underlying this phenomenon is the possibility of a first-order liquid-liquid phase transition driven by the density and entropy differences between the two amorphous phases. Magnetic boost of multilayer graphene under pressure was also recently discovered. Their famous spin counterparts, such as spin liquid, spin ice, and spin glass have been less studied at this end despite numerous similarities, registered so far. Taking that in mind, for further polyamorphism platform development, we demonstrate the signatures of phase transition in spin glass, driven by a magnetic field, and eventually, a novel type of polyamorphism, the spin-glass one.
Magnetocaloric effect in UTe2: Theory predictions
Authors: Zvyagin A. A. , Zvyagina G. A.
Published: July 2024

Two simple effective models for the low-temperature (however higher than the temperature of the transition to the superconducting phase) behavior of magnetic and magnetocaloric characteristics in the external magnetic field in UTe2 are proposed. The models are based on the dual nature of 5f electrons and take into account both itinerant electrons and localized electrons of U ions. Several magnetic characteristics including the magnetocaloric ones have been calculated for those scenarios. It is expected that by observing the features of the characteristics of the magnetocaloric effect in UTe2 and comparing them with the ones, predicted by the theory, one can choose the model, that can better describe the specific magnetic properties of UTe2 at low temperatures in the normal phase.
Dilatometric and refractive parameters of rubidium sulfate crystals at low temperatures
Authors: Pryshko I. A. , Novosad I. S. , Kohut Z. O. , Salapak V. M. , Horina O. M.
Published: July 2024

The temperature changes of the relative elongation (Δl/l0)i and refractive indices ni(T) of rubidium sulfate crystals in the region of low temperatures are investigated in the work. The linear dimensions and volume of the crystal decrease with a decrease in temperature, and the parameters (Δl/l0)i are anisotropic. The values of ni increase with decreasing temperature for all crystal physical directions, and the intersection of the curves nz(T) and nx(Т) at a temperature of Т = 85 K occurs. This indicates the existence of an optical isotropic point in this crystal, which is confirmed by independent temperature measurements of the angle between the optical axes. It is shown that rubidium sulfate crystals are optically biaxial, with the angle between the optical axes equal 2 V = 41.5° at room temperature. With decreasing temperature, it decreases almost linearly, so that at Т = 85 K the crystal changes from optically biaxial to optically uniaxial (2 V = 0°). The temperature changes of the values of electronic polarizability αi were calculated. It was shown that αi increases slightly as temperature decrease, so that in the region where the optical isotropic point exists, the values αх and αz are equal to each other.
Computational and spectroscopic comparative analysis of Raman phonon spectra of LiNiPO4
Authors: Peschanskii A. V. , Glamazda A. Yu.
Published: July 2024

We have performed Raman studies of a LiNiPO4 single crystal at temperatures below and above the phase transition to a magnetically ordered state at 5 and 25 K, respectively. A shift of some phonon lines during the transition to a magnetically ordered state was observed that is explained by a significant spin-phonon interaction. We identified the anomalous Raman lines using the shell-model calculation. It was found that with an increase in temperature, some external vibrational modes shift to the low-frequency region, and the internal vibrational modes of the (PO4)3– tetrahedra shift to the high-frequency region. This anomalous behavior of the vibrational modes is explained by the presence of magnetostriction that can selectively act on the bonds between ions in the crystal upon the transition to a magnetically ordered state.
Arithmetic version of Anderson localization for a class of C2 quasiperiodic Schrödinger operators
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Li Xiong
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we will prove that Anderson localization takes place for quasiperiodic Schrödinger operators with even C2 cos-type potentials, weak Liouvillean frequencies and Diophantine phases when the coupling is sufficiently large.
Plasma heating characterization of the large area inductively coupled plasma etchers with the plasma information for managing the mass production
Authors: Park Seolhye , Park Yoona , Seong Jaegu , Lee Haneul , Bae Namjae , Roh Ki-baek , Seo Rabul , Song Bongsub , Kim Gon-Ho
Published: July 2024

Meter-scale of the large area inductively coupled plasma etchers with the capacitive power coupling are widely applied for the mass production of OLED (organic light emitting diode) display panels. Because of the large area-to-volume ratio of the etcher, the balance between the power loss and absorption is easily located in the capacitive coupling mode rather than the ideal inductively coupled mode. Therefore, the process results are sensitively governed by the power absorption and plasma heating properties of the reactors. We have introduced a new PI (plasma information) parameter, the ratio of the stochastic heating to Ohmic heating of the plasmas, which is monitorable by using the optical emission spectroscopy data of the processing etchers. With the help of this plasma heating characteristic index, we could optimize the process recipes with the detailed control of the etched hole sidewall passivation and related species generation rate in the plasmas; thus, chamber-to-chamber matching in the huge mass production fab with the higher efficiency was possible. It was demonstrated that the introduced PI index with plasma heating mechanism characterization could be applicable to the VM (virtual metrology) modeling as one of the good information supplying core variables. This PI index has shown a very high correlation with the plasma sheath and ion flux governing phenomena for a large number of mass-produced OLED display glasses. From these results, the introduced plasma heating mechanism-based PI index is expected to be utilized as a good reference index for their performance analysis or PI-VM modelings.
Transformations establishing equivalence across neural networks: When have two networks learned the same task?
Authors: Bertalan Tom , Dietrich Felix , Kevrekidis Ioannis G.
Published: July 2024

Transformations are a key tool in the qualitative study of dynamical systems: transformations to a normal form, for example, underpin the study of instabilities and bifurcations. In this work, we test, and when possible establish, an equivalence between two different artificial neural networks by attempting to construct a data-driven transformation between them, using diffusion maps with a Mahalanobis-like metric. If the construction succeeds, the two networks can be thought of as belonging to the same equivalence class. We first discuss transformation functions between only the outputs of the two networks; we then also consider transformations that take into account outputs (activations) of a number of internal neurons from each network. Whitney’s theorem dictates the number of (generic) measurements from one of the networks required to reconstruct each and every feature of the second network. The construction of the transformation function relies on a consistent, intrinsic representation of the network input space. We illustrate our algorithm by matching neural network pairs trained to learn (a) observations of scalar functions, (b) observations of two-dimensional vector fields, and (c) representations of images of a moving three-dimensional object (a rotating horse). We also demonstrate reconstruction of a network’s input (and output) from minimal partial observations of intermediate neuron activations. The construction of equivalences across different network instantiations clearly relates to transfer learning and will also be valuable in establishing equivalence between different machine learning-based tools.
Nonthermal particle spectra in ultra-intense laser–plasma interaction
Authors: Hu Yulong , Geng Xuesong , Takabe Hideaki , Kuramitsu Yasuhiro , Zhu Jianqiang , Ji Liangliang , Shen Baifei , Xu Zhizhan
Published: July 2024

Relativistic laser–plasma interaction can produce nonthermal electron spectra in power-law scaling. The power-law index for near-critical density plasmas changes between 1.8 and 2.0 as the laser intensity varies from the relativistic threshold to the radiation-dominated regime. While effective temperature of electrons is strongly suppressed by radiation–radiation effect, it is found that the nonthermal power-laws are consistent between the radiation OFF and ON cases. It decreases to ∼1.4 as plasma density becomes over-critical. Similar to electrons, proton energy spectra also exhibit power-law distribution characteristics. As the laser intensity increases, the power-law index stabilizes around 1.6. We find that most nonthermal electrons constituting the power-law spectrum are distributed at the edge of the plasma channel as well as outside the channel, which is less sensitive to the radiation-reaction. This work provides a new physical mechanism relating to cosmic ray acceleration mechanisms in astrophysical environments with a strong electromagnetic field generated by neutron stars, relativistic collisionless shocks, and so on.
Determination of the dynamic Young’s modulus of quantum materials in piezoactuator-driven uniaxial pressure cells using a low-frequency AC method
Authors: O’Neil Caitlin I. , Hu Zhenhai , Kikugawa Naoki , Sokolov Dmitry A. , Mackenzie Andrew P. , Noad Hilary M. L. , Gati Elena
Published: July 2024

We report on a new technique for measuring the dynamic Young’s modulus, E, of quantum materials at low temperatures as a function of static tuning strain, ϵ, in piezoactuator-driven pressure cells. In addition to a static tuning of stress and strain, we apply a small-amplitude, finite-frequency AC (1 Hz ≲ ω ≲ 1000 Hz) uniaxial stress, σac, to the sample and measure the resulting AC strain, ϵac, using a capacitive sensor to obtain the associated modulus E. We demonstrate the performance of the new technique through proof-of-principle experiments on the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4, which is known for its rich temperature–strain phase diagram. In particular, we show that the magnitude of E, measured using this AC technique at low frequencies, exhibits a pronounced nonlinear elasticity, which is in very good agreement with previous Young’s modulus measurements on Sr2RuO4 under [1 0 0] strain using a DC method [Noad et al., Science 382, 447–450 (2023)]. By combining the new AC Young’s modulus measurements with AC elastocaloric measurements in a single measurement, we demonstrate that these AC techniques are powerful in detecting small anomalies in the elastic properties of quantum materials. Finally, using the case of Sr2RuO4 as an example, we demonstrate how the imaginary component of the modulus can provide additional information about the nature of ordered phases.
Efficient, nonparametric removal of noise and recovery of probability distributions from time series using nonlinear-correlation functions: Photon and photon-counting noise
Authors: Dhar Mainak , Berg Mark A.
Published: July 2024

A preceding paper [M. Dhar, J. A. Dickinson, and M. A. Berg, J. Chem. Phys. 159, 054110 (2023)] shows how to remove additive noise from an experimental time series, allowing both the equilibrium distribution of the system and its Green’s function to be recovered. The approach is based on nonlinear-correlation functions and is fully nonparametric: no initial model of the system or of the noise is needed. However, single-molecule spectroscopy often produces time series with either photon or photon-counting noise. Unlike additive noise, photon noise is signal-size correlated and quantized. Photon counting adds the potential for bias. This paper extends noise-corrected-correlation methods to these cases and tests them on synthetic datasets. Neither signal-size correlation nor quantization is a significant complication. Analysis of the sampling error yields guidelines for the data quality needed to recover the properties of a system with a given complexity. We show that bias in photon-counting data can be corrected, even at the high count rates needed to optimize the time resolution. Using all these results, we discuss the factors that limit the time resolution of single-molecule spectroscopy and the conditions that would be needed to push measurements into the submicrosecond region.
Mechanism study on half vaned diffuser to improve efficiency of centrifugal pump
Authors: Duan Yongqiang , Li Guojun , Ge Jingxu , Zou Haoyuan , Jiang Wei , Zhu Xiangyuan
Published: July 2024

Half vaned diffuser is widely used in compressors but rarely used in centrifugal pumps. There are few studies on the application of half vaned diffuser in centrifugal pumps, and the mechanism of half vaned diffuser reducing energy loss of pumps has not been revealed. This paper applies entropy generation theory and Ω-method to correlate external characteristics, internal flow, and entropy generation to reveal the mechanism that half vaned diffuser can move the high efficiency zone of pumps to the large flow rate and improve the efficiency. The results showed the highest efficiency is 55.07% under 0.91 times the design flow rate when vaned diffuser is used, while 56.82% under 1.13 times the design flow rate when half vaned diffuser is used. Half vaned diffuser mainly improves internal flow and reduces entropy generation of the volute by changing its own internal flow but has little influence on entropy generation of the impeller and diffuser. Compared with vaned diffuser, the interaction between cross-vane flow of half vaned diffuser and the mainstream eliminates vortex structures in the diffuser near the tongue, and the backflow in the volute and large vortex structures with blocking effect, and reduces entropy generation of pumps. End clearance can weaken rotor–stator interaction and pressure fluctuation of the gap between flow passage components, improve the flow stability and uniformity of the inlet of the diffuser and volute, balance the volute asymmetry, reduce the tongue interference, and enhance the flow capacity. So, half vaned diffuser can effectively improve efficiency and move the high efficiency zone to the large flow rate.
Modification of near-wall turbulence in turbulent boundary layers due to a perforated structure
Authors: Hoang V. T. , Jafari A. , Cazzolato B. , Arjomandi M.
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the potential of a perforated structure for the control of near-wall turbulence in turbulent boundary layers. The perforated structure consists of a perforated plate, underneath of which is a backing chamber. The near-wall turbulent structures were analyzed using hot-wire measurements. Different inner-scaled chamber volumes from V+=2.4×106 to 11.5×106 were considered to manipulate turbulent boundary layers at two Reynolds numbers of Reθ = 1165 and 2294. The findings reveal significant effects of the perforated structure on near-wall turbulent structures. Statistical analysis utilizing a variable-interval time-averaging technique illustrated a reduction of up to about 9% in sweep and ejection intensity, a decrease in about 25% in ejection frequency, and a decrease in approximately 33.5% in sweep frequency within the near-wall region, y+≤30, indicating that the perforated structure weakened burst events in this region. In addition, the perforated structure lifted the turbulence energy further from the wall. Consequently, there was a reduction of up to approximately 9% in turbulence intensities near the wall, contributing to locally diminished shear stresses and skin friction drag. When the inner-scaled chamber volume increased, the reduction in near-wall turbulence became more pronounced.
First-principles calculations on charge states and solubility of impurity defects in BaTiO3
Authors: Kanagawa Tomosato , Hirai Daisuke , Hirose Sakyo
Published: July 2024

Various impurities have been doped into ferroelectric BaTiO3-based materials, which are used in multi-layer ceramic capacitors, to improve their insulation resistance, reliability, and dielectric properties. However, the relationship between doped impurities and these device properties at the microscopic level remains unexplored. This study investigated the charge states and solubilities of doped impurities (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca, and Sr) in BaTiO3 using density functional theory. We employed the screened hybrid functional and a rhombohedral lattice model. Owing to a better description of unoccupied states with the hybrid functional, equilibrium charge states and magnetic moments of V, Mn, and Fe impurities were in good agreement with those measured by magnetic susceptibility measurements. Furthermore, impurity levels of transition metal elements were qualitatively consistent with the experimental reports obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance. However, levels of Fe calculated in cubic BaTiO3 did not reproduce those observations. Therefore, a dynamically stable rhombohedral lattice was found to be more suitable than a cubic lattice for calculating the defects in BaTiO3. The solubility of transition metal dopants was highly dependent on the oxygen chemical potential conditions. By analyzing the cohesive energy, we observed a lower (higher) equilibrium charge state of the defect compared with the higher (lower) oxidation number of stable competitive phase enhanced solubility under reducing (oxidizing) conditions. Our calculations revealed that vanadium and manganese dopants were soluble under reducing conditions owing to instabilities of their metal phases and act as effective acceptors in BaTiO3.
Physics-informed neural networks for periodic flows
Authors: Shah Smruti , Anand N. K.
Published: July 2024

Physics-informed neural network (PINN) is a neural network that combines machine learning methods with the physics of the problem often expressed in terms of differential equations along with boundary/initial conditions. In this paper, we employed unsupervised PINNs to solve steady-state incompressible laminar periodic flow problems without using any data. First, the PINN code for periodic flows was verified using flow between parallel plates. Further, two geometries were considered in this paper: periodic flow over cylinders between parallel plates and periodic flows through wavy channels, up to a maximum Reynolds number of 400. The proposed approach showed excellent results when compared to grid-independent computational fluid dynamics results with maximum L2-norm error of O(10−2) and O(10−1) for streamwise and cross-stream velocity, respectively.
Numerical simulation study on the impact of wind-blown sand action on the loading of photovoltaic systems
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhang Hailong , Liu Benli , Wang Tao , Wang Zhenghui , Tian Jianjin
Published: July 2024

The vast desert regions of the world offer an excellent foundation for developing the ground-mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) industry. However, the impact of wind-blown sand on solar PV panels cannot be overlooked. In this study, numerical simulations were employed to investigate the dynamics of the wind-blown sand field, sand-particle concentration, and the impact of wind-blown sand loading on independent ground-mounted PV panels. The results indicate that with increasing horizontal inclination angle, the area of maximum sand-particle concentration shifts from the top toward the bottom of the panel. On the surface of the PV panel, the pressure coefficient of wind-blown sand experiences a gradual decrease from the leading edge to the trailing edge. In comparison to a net wind environment, the stand-alone PV module in wind-blown sand environment shows significant increases of resistance by 9%–21%, lift by 8%–20%, moments in the X direction by 6%–11%, and moments in the Y direction by 14%–41%. The design of a stand-alone PV module should prioritize resistance to both lift and resistance when it is positioned perpendicular to the wind direction. Conversely, a design that is resistant to overturning should be considered when the wind is oblique.
Management of waterlogged area based on a three-dimensional agricultural model of ponds and dry land
Authors: Zhao Jinhai , Ma Hailong , Yan Houzhen , Jiang Tianqi , Zhu Weilong
Published: July 2024

The development of underground engineering caused a large area of waterlogged area, resulting in damage to farmland and inability to cultivate. An innovative three-dimensional agricultural management strategy was proposed in this study to enhance land management in the affected regions. Three-dimensional models are based on the root characteristics of different crops, and these models are often used to guide planting in the waterlogged area. This strategy combined deep digging and shallow padding techniques, integrating soil management and paddy field coordination to advance modern agriculture. Changes in the area of waterlogging were estimated for various diving levels using field measurements and simulation analysis. The results of the numerical simulation for the area of waterlogging were used to assess the viability of the three-dimensional agricultural model, which included detailed dynamic soil volume changes and groundwater level variations. Furthermore, various crop combinations were examined to determine their rationality within this multilayered agricultural system. The results indicated that the most cost-effective and practical approach involved planting corn in the upper layer, planting lotus roots in the middle layer, and cultivating loaches in the lower layer. This multitiered strategy significantly accelerated the restoration of waterlogged area, offering a more sustainable approach for agricultural practices in challenging environments. The research results are also of great significance for the prevention and control of surface waterlogged area in underground engineering in reclaimed land zones.
Experimental study of the structural and hydrodynamic noise characteristics of jet-induced supercavities
Authors: Ding Yanyi , Wang Cong , Sun Tiezhi , Li Wenpeng , Yang Qian , Xu Haiyu , Ma Xiaojian
Published: July 2024

In this paper, submerged gaseous jet-induced ventilated supercavity experiments were concluded in a closed-loop water tunnel. The study shows the impact of ventilation rates, nozzle area ratios, and modulated ventilation on cavity morphology and flow noise characteristics. The flow noise generated by the ventilated supercavity does not increase proportionally with the ventilation rates. The ventilated supercavity with vortex tube gas leakage structures induced noise haystacks in the 70–90 Hz band in both the self-noise and radiated noise spectra. When the gas input is large enough to foam a partially broken cavity (PBC), further increases in the ventilation rate result in a rapid deterioration in the self-noise performance. The nozzle area ratio influences the gas exit velocity, and therefore the interaction between the jet and the cavity. As the area ratio increases, the ventilation rate required to convert a supercavity from intact cavity (IC) pattern to PBC pattern increases, which improves its self-noise characteristics. Finally, the study conducted modulated ventilation in both foamy cavity and IC patterns. The results indicate that proper modulated ventilation can transfer noise energy from the low-frequency noise peak to the modulated frequency, reduce the low-frequency amplitude of the radiated noise, and improve the flow noise.
A review on the development and application of microfluidic concentration gradient generators
Authors: Wu Zhongli , Yang Hao , Xu Heng , Dai Wenqi , Xu Lei , Du Haijun , Zhang Daohai
Published: July 2024

This paper reviews the development and application of concentration gradient generators based on microfluidics. Generating solutions of varying concentrations is a frequent requirement in numerous experiments and applications. Traditional approaches involve the preparation of solutions with varying concentrations or the dilution of highly concentrated solutions. Nevertheless, these methods are intricate, time-consuming, and susceptible to errors. The advent of microfluidic concentration generators presents a novel concept for the realms of chemistry, biology, and medicine, allows biological or chemical experiments to be performed on a device with a measurement size of a few square centimeters or even smaller, thus greatly reducing the number of basic routine biological or chemical laboratory operations, such as sample preparation, reaction, separation, and analysis. In this review, we discuss the development and application of microfluidic concentration gradient generators through observation, introduce the development history of microfluidic concentration gradient generators and how they are used, summarize their wide range of applications in various fields, and discuss the possible future development direction of microfluidic concentration gradient generators.
Fully developed self-aerated flow in steep chute with various bottom roughness
Authors: Bai Zhongtian , Wang Hang , Bai Ruidi
Published: July 2024

Self-aerated open channel flows have been extensively investigated in various physical scales, but comprehensive depiction of air entrainment and air–water flow properties for various invert roughness conditions is limited, sometimes due to the insufficient chute length to reach fully developed aeration. In the present work, an 18 m-long chute was built on a 21.8° sloping river bank, and the aerated flow hydraulics and two-phase flow properties were experimentally measured to the fully aerated region. Three types of bottom roughness were tested, and their effects on flow aeration were discussed. The investigated flow characteristics, including the inception of air entrainment, characteristic flow depths, distributions of air concentration and bubble frequency, flow resistance modification, water level fluctuations, and splash height, were compared with existing model and prototype data and empirical expressions. The results revealed different roles of the uniformly distributed bottom roughness in modifying the two-phase and hydraulic processes and highlighted the importance of flow Reynolds number especially for a mass transfer consideration.
Significant promotion of NO separation selectivity from flue gas by the –NH2 functional group on Fe–Ni bimetallic MOF at ambient conditions
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Han , Yue Xinyu , Ban Jingshu , Hu Jie , Tang Fushun
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) of FeNi-BDC and FeNi-BDC-NH2 (BDC, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) with similar Fe/Ni molar ratio, crystal structure, porosity and thermal stability were synthesized by a solvothermal method. The results of adsorption experiments at ambient conditions showed that the adsorptive uptake of NO, CO2, O2 and N2 on FeNi-BDC were all very small under different adsorption partial pressures, with FeNi-BDC displaying a weak adsorption property because of its lack of unsaturated adsorption sites. On the contrary, at 100 kPa, the adsorption of NO by FeNi-BDC-NH2 was considerably higher than that by FeNi-BDC, indicating that the incorporation of NH2 on the ligand could effectively enhance the adsorption of NO. The adsorption capacity of FeNi-BDC-NH2 for NO reached 142.17 cm3 g−1, which was considerably higher than its capacity for CO2, O2 and N2 under the same conditions. Ideal Adsorption Solution Theory simulations calculated the adsorption selectivity for NO/CO2 and NO/O2 under a mixed atmosphere to reach 1325 and 13,346 respectively, demonstrating high adsorption selectivity. Through in situ infrared experiments and calculations of the enthalpy of adsorption, it was demonstrated that FeNi-BDC-NH2 adsorbed NO because NO can combine with NH2 in the material to form a NONOate structure. A preliminarily exploration of the mechanism of NO adsorption and the influence of NH2 functional groups on the adsorption and separation of NO revealed that the selectivity of adsorption was closely related to the variability of the enthalpy of adsorption. This also provided a new strategy for the adsorption and separation of NO in the flue gas environment.
A geometrical theory of gliding motility based on cell shape and surface flow
Authors: Lettermann Leon , Ziebert Falko , Schwarz Ulrich S.
Published: July 2024

Gliding motility proceeds with little changes in cell shape and often results from actively driven surface flows of adhesins binding to the extracellular environment. It allows for fast movement over surfaces or through tissue, especially for the eukaryotic parasites from the phylum apicomplexa, which includes the causative agents of the widespread diseases malaria and toxoplasmosis. We have developed a fully three-dimensional active particle theory which connects the self-organized, actively driven surface flow over a fixed cell shape to the resulting global motility patterns. Our analytical solutions and numerical simulations show that straight motion without rotation is unstable for simple shapes and that straight cell shapes tend to lead to pure rotations. This suggests that the curved shapes of
Plasmodium
sporozoites and
Toxoplasma
tachyzoites are evolutionary adaptations to avoid rotations without translation. Gliding motility is also used by certain myxo- or flavobacteria, which predominantly move on flat external surfaces and with higher control of cell surface flow through internal tracks. We extend our theory for these cases. We again find a competition between rotation and translation and predict the effect of internal track geometry on overall forward speed. While specific mechanisms might vary across species, in general, our geometrical theory predicts and explains the rotational, circular, and helical trajectories which are commonly observed for microgliders. Our theory could also be used to design synthetic microgliders.
Cultural ergonomics in localization
Authors: Tsai Nancy
Published: July 2024

Cultural ergonomics aims to integrate the dimension of culture into systems and products to make them safer, more
useful, and more accessible to a wider range of multicultural users. This makes it an effective conceptual tool to create a
localized product that is more inclusive. By using the example of security questions in drop-down menus replicated across North
American English websites, this paper argues that overlooking ‘culture’ as a site of diverse experiences leads to a
harder-to-navigate product for the multicultural user. By juxtaposing the reality of a multicultural context with the monoethnic,
middle-class, and heteronormative cultural dimensions of security questions, the cloning of questions across websites can be seen
as satisfying the needs of the dominant power rather than the subordinated peoples – both immigrant and non-heteronormative.
Operationalizing cultural ergonomics in the translation workflow provides a means to recognize and address this power
imbalance.
Evaluation as a persuasive tactic in the 2012 Obama-Romney
debates
Authors: Halmari Helena
Published: July 2024

The focus of this article is the deictic evaluative
construction that’s, as used by Barack Obama and Mitt
Romney during the 2012 presidential debates. A summative clause, often
toward the end of a discourse turn, opened by the distal demonstrative
pronoun that, has a persuasive function, evaluating the
immediately preceding discourse content. This construction allows the
speaker to evaluate his own message positively and the opponent’s message
negatively; it also structures the content clearly and concisely, helping to
portray the speaker as one with a strong and clear agenda. A quantitative
comparison of the usage of the that’s construction with
regard to Obama and Romney shows that both used it equally during the first
debate; however, in the second debate, Obama doubled its use. This chapter
brings together a concept from narrative theory (evaluation) and a concept
from rhetoric (the persuasive function of language), as these two concepts
intersect within the persuasive genre of presidential debates.
The uses of laughter in epideictic radio interviews
Authors: Myers Greg
Published: July 2024

A number of researchers have dealt with laughter as a
strategic device in broadcast interviews and press conferences. I consider
how laughter works in a genre in which part of the purpose is to praise the
interviewee – what I call epideictic interviews. These interviews have
interactional problems around presenting and accepting praise. Laughter can
be placed so that it acknowledges and mitigates these problems. Typically,
interviewee laughter comes in response to interviewer praise, or in the
performance of humorous material. Interviewer laughter often marks for the
audience that material is to be taken as non-serious. Analysis of laughter
tells us both about the peculiarities of interaction in this broadcast
genre, and about the difficulties in performing and listening to praise.
Revisiting adaptability
Authors: Vásquez Camilla , Cenni Irene
Published: July 2024

Recognized for their influence on consumer
decision-making, online consumer reviews have attracted the attention of
scholars from marketing, consumer studies and tourism, as well as discourse
studies. Taking Virtanen’s (2017)
study of Amazon book reviews as our point of departure, this study builds on
prior linguistic work describing the discourse focus of online reviews. We
examine reviews of a virtual tourism product, Airbnb’s Online Experiences
(AOE). Applying Virtanen’s tri-partite framework (Topic, Author, Audience)
to a set of 200 AOE reviews, this study explores how review writers frame
their evaluative comments. Building on this framework for analyzing the
discourse structure and discourse focus of online reviews, our findings
identify different patterns of adaptability in response to the communicative
demands of this novel reviewing context.