bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Sealing Capability of the Internal Conical Connections of Implants with Titanium and Zirconia Abutments
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ilser , Black Damian L , Chong Chol H
Published: October 2017

Aim

The purpose of thisin vitroinvestigation was to evaluate the sealing capability of the conical implant–abutment interfaces under different abutment screw torque values using titanium and zirconia abutments with Morse taper designs.

Materials and methods

A total of 42 dental implants (n = 21 for titanium abutments and n = 21 for zirconia abutments) were inoculated internally with three bacteria. These assemblies were divided into four test groups (n = 10) based on screw fixation torques of 35 or 20 Ncm and placed in sterile broth; the remaining abutments were used as positive controls and torqued to 10 Ncm. Microleakage was quantified by enumerating the bacteria from the colony-forming units. An analysis of variance for the estimates of bacteria enumerated and microgaps was used with apost hocanalysis as indicated. A p-value of 0.05 was used as the level of significance.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in microleakage among the four test groups; there were no significant effects of screw torque or abutment type on the bacteria enumerated. There was a significantly smaller mean microgap with the zirconia abutments.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicated no statistically significant difference in the sealing capabilities between titanium and zirconia abutments, having internal conical connections, after increasing the abutment screw torque.

Clinical significance

It is important for clinicians to follow the guidelines suggested by the implant companies to avoid biomechanical complications over time.

How to cite this article

Black DL, Turkyilmaz I, Lien W, Chong CH. Evaluation of the Sealing Capability of the Internal Conical Connections of Implants with Titanium and Zirconia Abutments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):915-922.
Study to assess Activity and Concentration of Gammaglutamyl Transpeptidase in Precancerous and Cancer Patients and Its Comparison with Controls
Authors: Kathariya Mitesh D , Farooqui Anjum AJ , Bangi Sayeedalaeque , Khalekar Yogita J , Nikumbh Neha D , Jadhav Keeran B
Published: October 2017

Objective

The purpose of the study is to highlight the use of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) as salivary enzyme tumor marker and assess the activity and concentration of GGT in precancerous and cancer patients and compare it with the normal control.

Materials and methods

Individuals in the age group of above 20 years were included in the study. In this study, salivary GGT was analyzed in 75 cases. The selected patients were divided into three main groups as group I (controls with normal health), group II (patients with precancerous lesions and conditions), and group III (patients with oral cancer lesions). All the selected individuals were analyzed for salivary GGT.

Results

A significant difference was observed between control and precancerous groups with GGT values at 5% level of significance. The mean GGT value is significantly higher in precancerous group as compared with control group (p < 0.05). A significant difference was observed between control and cancerous groups with GGT values at 5% level of significance. The mean GGT value is significantly higher in cancerous group as compared with control group (p < 0.05). A significant difference was observed between precancerous and cancerous groups with GGT values at 5% level of significance. The mean GGT value is significantly higher in cancerous group as compared with precancerous group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

There is a remarkable increase in salivary GGT activity in both precancerous and cancerous conditions. The increased activity was more marked in cancerous conditions than in precancerous conditions. The GGT levels were two- to threefold increased in precancerous conditions as compared with control group. This finding was statistically significant and also suggested the strong correlation between GGT levels and presence of precancerous conditions.

Clinical significance

Integration of all these observation strengthens our thinking that elevation of salivary GTT in precancerous and cancerous conditions can be a reliable biomarker in early detection and prevention of oral malignancy.

How to cite this article

Farooqui AAJ, Thete SG, Bangi S, Khalekar YJ, Nikumbh ND, Jadhav KB, Kathariya MD. Study to assess Activity and Concentration of Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase in Precancerous and Cancer Patients and Its Comparison with Controls. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):943-946.
Prevalence of Periodontal Destruction and Putative Periodontal Pathogens in the Same Lebanese Family
Authors: Yahfoufi Zoubeida Al
Published: October 2017

Aim

Periodontal diseases are associated with microorganisms rich in Gram-negative species. Several studies have indicated the presence of few a periodontopathic microorganisms in the same family. A parent with severe adult periodontitis, who is infected with bacteria associated with periodontal disease, may function as a source of infection. Their children may be at a greater risk to become colonized with bacteria. The purpose of this investigation was (1) to explore the presence of three bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), Prevotella intermedia (PI), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA) in the same Lebanese family and (2) to study the clinical destruction in the same family and their relations as members of this family due to the presence of PG.

Materials and methods

A total of 10 families were screened; only 5 (13 females and 5 males) were selected for this study, and at least one member of the family had untreated periodontal disease, chronic or aggressive. Every participant signed an informed consent form. A total of 18 available deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples were taken to analyze the presence of three periodontal bacteria.

Statistics

Multiple logistic regression was used for the exact methods.

Results

All 18 patients showed a positive result for PI. Also, PG. was recognized in 15 patients while AA was not detected in any of the subjects. All couples suffered from periodontitis, chronic or aggressive forms, five children suffered from gingivitis, three children had no clinical manifestation, and only one suffered from localized aggressive periodontitis.

The statistical analysis showed with each 1 year of increase in age, the odds of having periodontal disease multiply by 1.39, i.e., age as a risk factor for periodontal disease due to the presence of PG and sharing the same plate.

Conclusion

This investigation demonstrates a high prevalence of periodontal microorganisms in children and young adults of Lebanese periodontitis parents and a microbiological similarity between the children and their mothers. All these factors could be a high risk of developing periodontal disease in the future.

Clinical significance

This article shows that vertical transmission of microorganisms is a possible risk factor for developing periodontal disease in the offspring.

How to cite this article

Al Yahfoufi Z. Prevalence of Periodontal Destruction and Putative Periodontal Pathogens in the Same Lebanese Family. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):970-976.
Comparative Evaluation of Myeloperoxidase Enzymatic Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Subjects having Orthodontic Treatment by Different Aligning Arch Wires
Authors: Bhasin Vinny , Singh Madhavi , Goutam Manish , Singh Shuchi , Nigam Adamya S , Joshi Aditya
Published: October 2017

Introduction

There exist a number of factors that affect the outcome of orthodontic treatment. These factors can be assessed by various gingival markers. One such maker is myeloperoxidase (MPO). Hence, we planned the present study to assess and compare the MPO activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment by different aligning arch wires.

Materials and methods

The present study included assessment of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment for crowding of anterior teeth. Diagnostic cast models of all the subjects were made for recording the irregularity index. All the subjects were randomly divided into three study groups with 15 patients in each group based on the type of nickel–titanium (NiTi) arch wires used. A collection of GCF samples was done in all the patients at various time intervals and it was sent to the laboratory for assessment of MPO activity. Activity of the MPO enzyme was expressed in terms of number of units per 100 µL. All the results obtained were compiled and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results

We observed that nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the mean age and mean gingival score in all the study groups. However, significant results were obtained on comparing the mean MPO enzymatic activity in all the study groups at different time intervals.

Conclusion

Both superelastic NiTi and heat-activated NiTi generate optimal forces, which are necessary for higher metabolic response of the periodontal ligament.

Clinical significance

In the intimal stages of orthodontic treatment, both superelastic NiTi and heat-activated NiTi wires are superior in leveling and aligning the crowded teeth.

How to cite this article

Bhasin V, Singh M, Goutam M, Singh S, Nigam AS, Joshi A. Comparative Evaluation of Myeloperoxidase Enzymatic Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Subjects having Orthodontic Treatment by Different Aligning Arch Wires. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):977-980.
Melanotic Macule in Conjunction with a Giant Cell Fibroma
Authors: Seitz Samantha D , Dinh Thanhphuong N , Yoon Thomas YH
Published: October 2017

Introduction

The aim of this study is to describe a case of a melanotic macule found in conjunction with a giant cell fibroma (GCF). For oral pigmented lesions without an identifiable etiologic factor, critical factors in determining the differential diagnosis are clinical history, symmetry, and uniformity of the lesions. Potential differential diagnosis includes racial pigmentation, endocrine disturbance, Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, trauma, hemochromatosis, oral malignant melanoma, or idiopathic etiology and melanotic macules. Melanotic macules are the most common solitary pigmented melanocytic lesions in the oral mucosa, corresponding to 86.1% of melanocytic lesions of the mouth. Giant cell fibromas are reactive connective tissue lesions in the oral cavity. They were first described as a distinct entity in 1974 by Weathers and Callihan and make up around 5 to 10% of all oral mucosa fibrous lesions. They are commonly mistaken for other growths, such as pyogenic granuloma and fibroma, and diagnosis is accurately based on its distinctive histopathology.

This article presents the clinicopathologic findings of a 15-year-old Hispanic male presenting for biopsy of a melanotic macule on the mandibular anterior buccal gingiva. Histologic evaluation of the specimen revealed that the lesion also contained a GCF. Pathologic lesions of the mouth should be carefully diagnosed. Conventionally, histologic evaluation is the gold standard to produce a final diagnosis. As evidenced in this article, multiple lesions may exist in a site and may be mistakenly diagnosed as a single entity.

Clinical significance

While each lesion has been reported individually, in reviewing the literature, no cases were reported in which both histopathologic findings of GCF and melanotic macule were present within the same lesion.

How to cite this article

Seitz SD, Dinh TN, Yoon TYH. Melanotic Macule in Conjunction with a Giant Cell Fibroma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):981-985.
METODOLOGIA DO DIREITO, TEORIAS DA POSSE E A POSSE NA NOVA LEI DE REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA
Authors: Da Silva Helton Junio , Bonito Rafhael Frattari , De Oliveira Dias Renata Aparecida
Published: October 2017

Este artigo possui como objetivo analisar o instituto da posse com reflexões a respeito da metodologia do direito e fazer ponderações a respeito da posse na Lei 13.465/2017, que trata da regularização fundiária no Brasil. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo foi realizada a pesquisa doutrinária e legal sobre o tema proposto, buscando-se em tais fontes o embasamento teórico e histórico para a sua fundamentação. Desta forma, será apresentado o conceito de posse, bem como sua natureza jurídica. Na sequência, são feitas algumas problematizações a respeito da metodologia do direito juntamente com a apresentação das teorias subjetiva e objetiva da posse. Em seguida, é realizado um breve estudo sobre a posse na regularização fundiária no brasil e sobre a posse ad usucapionem. A originalidade do artigo atribui-se a recente alteração legal e a sistemática viabilizada pelas reflexões acerca da metodologia do direito. Feitas as considerações sobre os tópicos relacionados foi possível concluir que a função da posse se modifica com a realidade sócio, histórica, cultural e econômica.
A REGULARIZAÇÃO DO PARCELAMENTO DO SOLO DE LOTEAMENTOS PÚBLICOS: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DO PROJETO DO LOTEAMENTO DE INTERESSE SOCIAL VILA BETINHO EM CHAPECÓ/SC
Authors: Pereira Reginaldo , Bissani Karen
Published: October 2017

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar, a partir de um determinado processo de regularização fundiária, aspectos jurídicos que evidenciem, a partir do caso estudado, a importância da adoção de políticas públicas que levem em consideração as diversas matizes do conjunto de direitos que compõem uma das grandes diretrizes da política urbana: a garantia do direito a cidades sustentáveis. Delimitou-se espacialmente o estudo ao Loteamento de Interesse Social Vila Betinho, localizado no Município de Chapecó, Estado de Santa Catarina e, temporalmente ao interregno que vai da ocupação da área até o registro do loteamento com a individualização e titulação das frações que o compõem. A originalidade e a pertinência da análise residem na peculiaridade do caso estudado, dado que, mesmo tendo sido criado por iniciativa do Poder Público Municipal, o loteamento objeto de estudo era ilegal, o que configura um caso de irregularidade de loteamento público e impede o pleno exercício dos direitos da cidadania pelos moradores. A metodologia utilizada para a análise e apropriação teórica dos dados é mediada pela perspectiva indutiva. Por meio da técnica de estudo de caso procura-se demonstrar a possibilidade de regularização de loteamentos públicos pela via administrativa com base na Lei de Parcelamento do Solo Urbano. Conclui-se, da análise do caso, que a política pública adotada pelo Município de Chapecó para a regularização fundiária de loteamentos públicos tem a potencialidade de levar em consideração a multidimensionalidade dos direitos relacionados ao direito às cidades que sejam justas, viáveis e equilibradas.
CONFLITOS AGRÁRIOS: desobediência civil ou crime?
Authors: Lôbo Edilene , Vieira Brant Paulo Henrique
Published: October 2017

O presente trabalho objetiva fomentar reflexões acerca da (im)possibilidade de criminalização das ocupações de imóveis rurais, perpetradas por movimentos sociais, desde que buscando oferecer resistência ao statu quo negativador do direito fundamental à terra, provocando o Estado a implementar políticas públicas de reforma agrária. Para se chegar às conclusões oferecidas lançou-se mão do método dedutivo hipotético, realizando retrospectiva histórica acerca da regulação da distribuição de terras no Brasil, exame da legislação mais recente tangendo regularização fundiária agrária e estudo da jurisprudência, chegando aos seguintes produtos: o estado da arte que identifica o processo político-jurídico de criminalização da luta pela terra; esta criminalização violando o paradigma de Estado Democrático de Direito; o descumprimento da promessa constitucional de erradicação da pobreza e redução das desigualdades sociais, num truque perverso de atribuir ao excluído a responsabilidade pela própria exclusão. A primeira conclusão diz que essa ideologização da luta pela terra, configurando-a como crime a fim de reprimir a resistência de grande massa de excluídos, se coloca como combustível a alimentar ainda mais a revolta e o robustecimento da resistência dos envolvidos em tais conflitos, até porque sem outros mecanismos de pressão. Em segundo momento concluiu-se que a ocupação pacífica de propriedades rurais, por si só, sem qualquer outro ato de violência, não se amolda à norma penal vigente no Estado brasileiro, eis que se revela legítimo instrumento de desobediência civil, intencionado mudança comportamental do Estado para efetivação da política pública de acesso à terra, que poderá ser exigida, inclusive, na via judicial.
OS IMIGRANTES NO BRASIL, SUA VULNERABILIDADE E O PRINCÍPIO DA IGUALDADE
Authors: Somensi de Lima Sarah , Messias da Silva Leda Maria
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo evidencia os direitos da personalidade, explicando em que momento nasceu tais direitos, bem como o que esses direitos asseguram. Em seguida, o estudo aborda a vulnerabilidade dos imigrantes, bem como o princípio da igualdade, ressaltando que independente de estarem legais ou não no País, deve-se garantir a proteção desses estrangeiros. Além disso, o artigo aborda a nova lei dos imigrantes, bem como sua importância para a garantia dos direitos dos estrangeiros. O estudo avança e traz os motivos que fazem com que os imigrantes decidam sair de seus países de origem em busca de uma nova vida. O trabalho também destaca as condições sociais e econômicas dos imigrantes no Brasil. O método utilizado é o indutivo.
Measurement of formic acid, acetic acid and hydroxyacetaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and methyl peroxide in air by chemical ionization mass spectrometry: airborne method development
Authors: Treadaway Victoria , Heikes Brian G. , McNeill Ashley S. , Silwal Indiria K. C. , O'Sullivan Daniel W.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. A chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) method utilizing a reagent gas mixture of O2, CO2, and CH3I in N2 is described and optimized for quantitative gas-phase measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methyl peroxide (CH3OOH), formic acid (HCOOH), and the sum of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and hydroxyacetaldehyde (HOCH2CHO; also known as glycolaldehyde). The instrumentation and methodology were designed for airborne in situ field measurements. The CIMS quantification of formic acid, acetic acid, and hydroxyacetaldehyde used I- cluster formation to produce and detect the ion clusters I (HCOOH), I (CH3COOH), and I (HOCH2CHO) respectively. Although hydrogen peroxide and methyl peroxide also form cluster ions with I-, the focus here is on the organic acids. Acetic acid and hydroxyacetaldehyde were found to yield equivalent CIMS responses. They are exact isobaric compounds and indistinguishable in the CIMS used. Consequently, their combined signal is referred to as "the acetic acid equivalent sum." Within the resolution of the quadrupole used in the CIMS (1 m/z), ethanol and 1- and 2-propanol were potential isobaric interferences to the measurement of formic acid and the acetic acid equivalent sum, respectively. The CIMS response to ethanol was 3.3 % that of formic acid and the response to either 1- or 2-propanol was 1 % of the acetic acid response; therefore, the alcohols were not considered to be significant interferences to acetic acid or the acetic acid equivalent sum. The multi-reagent ion system was successfully deployed during the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) in 2014. The combination of FRAPPÉ and laboratory calibrations allowed for the post-mission quantification of formic acid and the acetic acid equivalent sum observed during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment in 2012.
Sustainable soil management requires a systemic approach
Authors: Vogel Hans-Jörg , Bartke Stephan , Daedlow Katrin , Helming Katharina , Kögel-Knabner Ingrid , Lang Birgit , Rabot Eva , Russell David , Stößel Bastian , Weller Ulrich , Wiesmeier Martin , Wollschläger Ute
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The central importance of soil for the functioning of terrestrial systems is increasingly recognized. Critically relevant for water quality, climate control, nutrient cycling and biodiversity, soil provides more functions than just the basis for agricultural production. Nowadays, soil is increasingly under pressure as a limited resource for the production of food, energy and raw materials. This has led to an increasing demand for concepts assessing soil functions so that they can be adequately considered in decision making aimed at sustainable soil management. The various soil science disciplines have progressively developed highly sophisticated methods to explore the multitude of physical, chemical and biological processes in soil. It is not obvious, however, how the steadily improving insight into soil processes may contribute to the evaluation of soil functions. Here we present to a new systemic modeling framework that allows for a consistent coupling between reductionist yet observable indicators for soil functions with detailed process understanding. It is based on the mechanistic relationships between soil functional attributes, each explained by a network of interacting processes as derived from scientific evidence. The non-linear character of these interactions produces stability and resilience of soil with respect to functional characteristics. We anticipate that this new conceptional framework will integrate the various soil science disciplines and help identify important future research questions at the interface between disciplines. It allows the overwhelming complexity of soil systems to be adequately coped with and paves the way for steadily improving our capability to assess soil functions based on scientific understanding.
Brief communication: Extraction of the wake induction and angle of attack on rotating wind turbine blades from PIV and CFD results
Authors: Herráez Iván , Daniele Elia , Schepers J. Gerard
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The analysis of wind turbine aerodynamics requires accurate information about the axial and tangential wake induction as well as the local angle of attack along the blades. In this work, we present a new method for obtaining them conveniently from the velocity field. We apply the method to the New Mexico PIV-dataset and to CFD simulations of the same turbine. This allows comparing for the first time experimental and numerical results of the mentioned quantities on a rotating wind turbine. The presented results open up new possibilities for the validation of numerical rotor models.
Segmentación del discurso e interacción
Authors: Garrido Joaquín
Published: October 2017

En la segmentación del discurso, las unidades del discurso se basan en la dependencia y en la estructura de constituyentes, con propiedades compartidas con unidades de otros enfoques, como el enunciado y el acto. Las unidades de discurso elementales contraen relaciones de discurso en virtud de su estructura temática. Los tópicos enmarcadores y colgados, además de las expresiones parentéticas, están fuera de la estructura temática oracional interna de tópico de respectividad-cambio, contrastivo y familiar. Se analiza en la interacción de un chiste político y una columna periodística cómo se construyen unidades complejas a partir de las elementales, tanto mediante propiedades de las relaciones discursivas como a través de propiedades de la gestión de temas y de los marcos léxicos representados, en un modelo de construcción dinámica del discurso que parte de la continuidad sintáctica de la oración y el discurso. Se analiza así mismo cómo afecta la estructura textual a la discursiva: las relaciones entre el léxico por su posición en el texto pueden modificar los resultados de construir la estructura del discurso y con ello su representación.
Implicaciones de la realizatividad pragmática en la construcción del liderazgo
Authors: Cabezas Holgado Emilio , Aiger Vallés Montserrat , Palacín Lois María
Published: October 2017

El presente estudio relaciona los aspectos pragmáticos de los enunciados realizativos con las competencias requeridas por el líder para la gestión del liderazgo. Así, se analizan ambas dimensiones a partir de una muestra de interacción comunicativa oral en la que se determinan los usos realizativos desde la “visibilidad” o el “encubrimiento”, tomando como referencia estructuras convencionalizadas que puedan alternan con enunciados de ilocución modalizada. Dicha comparación permite establecer tendencias en el comportamiento lingüístico de un líder. Los enunciados realizativos se relacionan con competencias de liderazgo interpersonales centrados en la acción, mientras los enunciados constatativos se vinculan con un estilo reflexivo-valorativo, en un nivel de interacción intrapersonal.
On Heavy-tailed Crack Distribution for Loss Severity Modeling
Authors: Bae Taehan , Chen Jingjiao
Published: October 2017

Heavy-tailedness and right-skewness are two typical features of loss data resulting from catastrophic events such as storms or earthquakes. In this paper we study the tail properties of the generalized crack distribution which has recently been introduced as an extension of the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution and the three-parameter Gaussian crack distribution. The theoretical tail relationships between the auxiliary (or baseline) distribution and the resulting generalized crack distribution are studied relying on the classical theories of extreme values and regular variation. A few concrete examples of heavy-tailed crack distribution are constructed and used for model fitting exercises on both simulated and real catastrophic loss data sets. The fitting results show that the heavy-tailed crack distribution with an appropriate choice of baseline density function outperforms some other commonly used parametric models.
Liquidaties in Nederland in historisch perspectief
Authors: Slot E.
Published: October 2017

Contract killings in the Netherlands in historical perspective

This article describes the subsequent waves of contract killings in the Netherlands since the twentieth century. Contract killings appear to happen especially within ethnic groups which are newcomers to Dutch society. The Chinese community in Amsterdam fought two internal ‘wars’. The first one was from 1918 till 1935 and circled around the trade in opium and arms. The second one took place between 1969 and the mid-seventies and was fueled by conflicts about the heroin trade. Then Turkish criminals took over the heroin trade, which resulted in a wave of Turkish victims of contract killings throughout the second half of the seventies and into the eighties. The cocaine trade came up in the eighties and was run first by Chileans and later by Colombians, which resulted in several murders within the criminal circles of these communities. While contract killings of (by birth) Dutch criminals had always been very rare, this changed from the mid-eighties. These killings not only took place in Amsterdam, but also in the southern provinces of Limburg and Brabant, as well as in Rotterdam. Most Dutch criminals specialized in cannabis growing and trading. In the nineties the number of contract killings reached a peak. By then Yugoslavs had entered the criminal scene in the Netherlands. They cooperated with Dutch criminals and offered their services as hitmen. From 2000 onwards the number of contract killings has been dropping constantly and has now reached a more or less constant level of around twenty yearly. In the last couple of years many young Moroccan Dutch criminals have been killing and killed in conflicts on drugs trade. The author signalizes a lack of ‘professionalism’ in contract killers today and draws a parallel with the period when Chinese criminals were fighting their wars in Amsterdam. The hitmen are young, have little experience, are not intelligent and use far too many bullets to do the job.
Report of a 10-0 polypropylene suture that did not undergo biodegradation after 13 years in the eye
Authors: Coleman Michael , Soiberman Uri , Stark Walter J.
Published: October 2017

We report the case of a 70-year-old man who underwent surgery to fixate a subluxated intraocular lens. A 10-0 polypropylene suture that had been placed 13 years prior was retrieved intraoperatively and subsequently imaged using electron microscopy. The suture showed no clinically significant signs of biodegradation.
Women on Boards
Authors: Dobson John , Rastad Mahdi ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2017

In recent years, the US, UK, and Continental Europe have pursued board gender diversity through markedly different means. Several European countries have imposed mandatory quotas, whereas the UK and US are relying on the endogenous mechanisms of social pressure and shareholder proposals respectively. Despite their obvious allure as a means of bringing about rapid change, evidence is mounting that European board gender diversity quotas may yield various deleterious side effects; and quotas may not be as successful in their core aim of promoting gender diversity as initial broad statistical measures indicated. In this paper we critique the European quota regime, and consider US shareholder proposals as an alternative change mechanism for improving gender diversity in corporate boards. We note the lack of shareholder representative democracy in Europe and conclude with the policy recommendation that, rather than extending quotas, European governments should focus on empowering shareholders.
Synthesis by ATRP of Polystyrene-b-Poly(4-vinylpyridine) and Characterization by Inverse Gas Chromatography
Authors: Rajab Mohammad , Hamieh Tayssir , Airoudj Aissam , Mougin Karine , Hariri Kamal , Rammal Wassim , Mortada Houssein , Akil Mariam , Kassas Ahmad , Toufaily Joumana
Published: October 2017

A linear diblock copolymer [Polystyrene-b-Poly(4-vinyl-pyridine)] (PS-b-P4VP) was successfully prepared through Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP). This synthesis is performed in two successive steps: using the (1-bromoethyl) benzene as initiatorand and Hexamethyl tris [2(dimethylamino)ethyl] amine as ligands in a protic solvent. The first step of the synthesis allows the realization of block polystyrene having a terminal function; however, Bromine (Br) permits the grafting of the second successive block P4VP. RMN -1H demonstrates that the P4VP block has been grafted onto the PS block. The molecular weight of PS-b-P4VP is determined by size exclusion chromatography, and its thermal stability is examined by TGA. The surface and the thermodynamic properties of this copolymer are studied by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The new Hamieh Model shows that the synthesized copolymer PS-P4VP has an amphoteric behavior with rather very basic character that is six times stronger than acidic character (in Lewis terms), reflected the presence of acidic and basic groups in the structure of the PS-P4VP copolymer, more particularly the presence of benzenic, methyl and vinylpyridine groups.
Progress on Partial Edge Drawings
Authors: Bruckdorfer Till , Cornelsen Sabine , Gutwenger Carsten , Kaufmann Michael , Montecchiani Fabrizio , Nöllenburg Martin , Wolff Alexander
Published: October 2017

Recently, a new way of avoiding crossings in straight-line drawings
of non-planar graphs has been introduced. The idea of
partial edge drawings (PED) is to drop the middle part of
edges and rely on the remaining edge parts called stubs. We
focus on symmetric partial edge drawings (SPEDs) that require the two stubs of an
edge to be of equal length. In this way, the stub at the other
endpoint of an edge assures the viewer of the edge's existence. We
also consider an additional homogeneity constraint that forces the
stub lengths to be a given fraction $\delta$ of the edge lengths
($\delta$-SHPED). Given length and direction of a stub, this model
helps to infer the position of the opposite stub.

We show that, for a fixed stub–edge length ratio $\delta$, not all
graphs have a $\delta$-SHPED. Specifically, we show that $K_{165}$
does not have a $1/4$-SHPED, while bandwidth-$k$ graphs always have
a $\Theta(1/\sqrt{k})$-SHPED. We also give bounds for complete
bipartite graphs. Further, we consider the problem ${\rm M{\small AX} SPED}$ where
the task is to compute the SPED of maximum total stub length that a
given straight-line drawing contains. We
present an efficient solution for 2-planar drawings and a
2-approximation algorithm for the dual problem of minimizing the total amount of erased ink.
A Sparse Stress Model
Authors: Ortmann Mark , Klimenta Mirza , Brandes Ulrik
Published: October 2017

Force-directed layout methods are among the most common approaches for drawing general graphs.
Among them, stress minimization produces layouts of comparatively high quality while also imposing comparatively high computational demands.
We propose a speed-up method based on the aggregation of terms in the objective function.
It is akin to aggregate repulsion from far-away nodes during spring embedding
but transfers the idea from the layout space into a preprocessing phase.
An initial experimental study informs a method to select representatives,
and subsequent more extensive experiments indicate
that our method yields better approximations of minimum-stress layouts in less time than related methods.
Pasolini, années 1940-1942 : généalogie d’une poétique antifasciste
Authors: Houcke Anne-Violaine
Published: October 2017

Pier Paolo Pasolini a vécu sa jeunesse sous le ventennio nero : vingt années de mises en scène grandiloquentes de la romanità, sur fond de décors de marbre qu’une archéologie très sélective manipule. L’étude de ses premiers textes permet de retracer la genèse d’une résistance à ce que l’historien Eric Hobsbawm a appelé « l’invention [fasciste] des traditions ». En analysant les trois écoles fondamentales dont se réclame Pasolini dans sa correspondance — Longhi, la réflexion sur la langue (hermétisme et dialecte) et Freud —, ainsi que les concepts (l’histoire, la tradition) qu’il dispute au fascisme dans ses premiers textes publiés, cet article met en évidence l’élaboration d’une pensée de l’invention artistique, entendue au sens étymologique et archéologique de la mise au jour de données invisibles, car exclues de l’idéologie officielle, reléguées « hors champ », interdites de représentation. L’article se termine par une analyse succincte de la traduction qu’a faite Pasolini de fragments de la poétesse grecque archaïque Sappho, l’un des premiers exemples d’une matrice grecque qui informera toute son oeuvre à venir.
Un cinéma blessé : Pasolini et le mythe de la ville intacte
Authors: Bertozzi Marco
Published: October 2017

Quel est l’imaginaire urbain esquissé par Pasolini dans ses films ? Quelles sont les formes de la ville imaginées dans son oeuvre, d’abord à Rome puis dans d’autres cités, dans les pays du « tiers-monde » ? Cet article tente de répondre à ces questions en partant de l’hypothèse que le cinéaste aborde la représentation de la ville en ayant à l’esprit l’urbs intacte, dont l’identité pure, presque mythique, est encore gardée par ses murs antiques (comme par le cadenas qui assure l’inviolabilité de l’image de la ville dans la célèbre Vue de Florence « à la chaîne »), et qu’il vit comme une blessure profonde toute tentative d’ouvrir ce type de ville à la contemporanéité ; ce qui l’amène à prendre la défense de la ville entière, même dans ses aspects les plus ordinaires et les moins monumentaux, de la même manière qu’il défend la littérature populaire et la poésie dialectale, tout aussi importantes à ses yeux que l’oeuvre de Dante ou de Pétrarque.
Le Pasolini des derniers temps dans le « maintenant » de sa lisibilité
Authors: Joubert-Laurencin Hervé
Published: October 2017

Salò (Pier Paolo Pasolini, 1975) fait image en même temps qu’il se transforme en histoire, au sens où Walter Benjamin affirme que l’image est « la dialectique à l’arrêt », c’est-à-dire que l’image historique, à un moment où « la vérité est chargée de temps jusqu’à en exploser », atteint le « maintenant » de sa lisibilité : elle ne pouvait être comprise plus tôt. L’auteur de cet article considère le « maintenant » de la France dans laquelle il vit comme chargé de violence fasciste jusqu’à en exploser. Il l’expose en une page. Puis il décrit l’usage, par le dernier Pasolini, du concept de « lisibilité », et son courage de chercher à vivre, non pas malgré mais contre tout, un moment impossible mais réel. Comme lui, et avec les mots de Romeo Castellucci, il espère, sans catharsis, voir « le tragique se poursui[vre] pour se dissiper ».
Le temps des sucres. De l’expérience familiale au regard ethno-cinématographique
Authors: Lessard Michel
Published: October 2017

Dans mon adolescence, j’ai été familiarisé avec un mode de vie inscrit dans une longue provenance d’autosuffisance où même le sucre venait de la parcelle en bois debout, l’érablière, un lieu de festivités annuelles pour célébrer l’arrivée du printemps. En 1977, après la publication de quatre ouvrages à succès sur la culture matérielle traditionnelle québécoise, la Société Radio-Canada a accepté ma proposition d’une grande série de documentaires sur notre histoire populaire en utilisant les discours de l’objet. L’époque est à la quête d’identité et à la chasse de tout bien culturel de sens pour rencontrer ces aïeux qui ont inventé notre pays. Dans cet examen, à titre d’exemple, le temps des sucres donnera lieu à deux films de trente minutes tournés à Cap-Saint-Ignace, en 1979, dans la famille de Viateur Richard. Le sujet est traité rigoureusement de façon ethnologique et applique un mode de scénarisation et de tournage efficaces pour rencontrer nos objectifs de transmission du savoir et les budgets disponibles.
Jean Du Berger. L’ethnologue et le conteur
Authors: Bergeron Bertrand
Published: October 2017

La carrière exceptionnelle et souvent novatrice de l’ethnologue Jean Du Berger mérite qu’on la souligne. Dans cet hommage mérité, l’auteur, dans un mélange de souvenirs personnels et de parcours biographique, trace le portrait d’un homme attachant aux multiples talents : pédagogue, chercheur, conférencier, essayiste, bénévole, Jean Du Berger peut s’honorer d’avoir oeuvré avec les pionniers qui ont créé et fait rayonner les Archives de folklore de l’Université Laval. Il fut l’un des promoteurs les plus brillants et les plus ardents de la pratique ethnologique. Son action a tôt fait de dépasser le cadre rural du savoir traditionnel pour aborder et approfondir les us et coutumes de la vie citadine, suivant en cela l’évolution de la population québécoise. Homme d’une immense culture, il aimait élever les problématiques posées par sa discipline au niveau de l’universel.
Thomas Fecteau, pilote de brousse
Authors: Genest Bernard
Published: October 2017

À une époque où les pilotes de brousse jouaient encore un rôle déterminant dans le développement des territoires encore inexplorés, Thomas Fecteau entre au service de la compagnie de son oncle, A. Fecteau Transport Aérien, à la base de Senneterre, Abitibi, en 1947. Son quotidien est d’effectuer des missions, souvent périlleuses, dans le Nord du Québec. Volant « à vue » ou à « l’estime » dans un appareil dépourvu d’instruments de navigation, le pilote de brousse n’en rendait pas moins d’inestimables services aux populations autochtones comme aux arpenteurs, géologues, ingénieurs miniers, prospecteurs, chasseurs, trappeurs, médecins et infirmières, appelés à intervenir dans ces contrées lointaines. Un métier risqué. Plusieurs de ses collègues étant décédés dans l’exercice de leurs fonctions, Thomas Fecteau, 91 ans, se considère chanceux d’avoir pu poursuivre sa carrière comme pilote de ligne dans de bien meilleures conditions. Son témoignage rend compte d’une vie au service de ses concitoyens, marquée au sceau de son sens du devoir et de son amour pour la profession.
Remembering Sedat Pakay 1945–2016
Authors: Leeming David , Zaborowska Magdalena J.
Published: October 2017

Sedat Pakay, whose name will always be associated with the most intimate portrayals we
have of James Baldwin, died on 20 August 2016 at his home in Claverack, NY. Sedat was born
in Istanbul, Turkey, where he graduated from Robert College. He studied at the Yale School
of Art under Walker Evans, Paul Strand, and Herbert Matter and became a successful
photo-journalist and filmmaker. His subjects for photographic portraits included Andy
Warhol, Mark Rothko, Josef Albers, Gordon Parks, and, especially, James Baldwin. Pakay’s
best-known films are Walker Evans/America (2000) and, as all Baldwin scholars and friends
know, James Baldwin: From Another Place, filmed in Istanbul in 1970.
The Process of Writing a Book about Baldwin’s Self-Exile in Saint-Paul de Vence
Authors: Farber Jules B.
Published: October 2017

Rather than write a classic biography of James Baldwin in the last cycle of his life—from
his arrival in 1970 as a black stranger in the all-white medieval village of Saint-Paul,
until his death there in 1987—I sought to discover the author through the eyes of people
who knew him in this period. With this optic, I sought a wide variety of people who were
in some way part of his life there: friends, lovers, barmen, writers, artists, taxi
drivers, his doctors and others who retained memories of their encounters with Baldwin on
all levels. Besides the many locals, contact was made with a number of Baldwin’s further
afield cultural figures including Maya Angelou, Harry Belafonte, Sidney Poitier, Angela
Davis, Bill Wyman, and others. There were more than seventy interviews in person in places
as distant as Paris, New York or Istanbul and by telephone spread over four years during
the preparatory research and writing of the manuscript. Many of the recollections centred
on “at home with Jimmy” or dining at his “Welcome Table.”
Impact of land reclamation and agricultural water regime on the distribution and conservation status of the endangeredDryophytes suweonensis
Authors: Borzée Amaël , Kim Kyungmin , Heo Kyongman , Jablonski Piotr G. , Jang Yikweon
Published: October 2017

Knowledge about the distribution and habitat preferences of a species is critical for its conservation. The Suweon Treefrog (Dryophytes suweonensis) is an endangered species endemic to the Republic of Korea. We conducted surveys from 2014 to 2016 at 890 potentially suitable sites across the entire range of the species in South Korea. We then assessed whetherD. suweonensiswas found in the current and ancestral predicted ranges, reclaimed and protected areas, and how the presence of agricultural floodwater affected its occurrence. Our results describe a 120 km increase in the southernmost known distribution of the species, and the absence of the species at lower latitudes. We then demonstrate a putative constriction on the species ancestral range due to urban encroachment, and provide evidence for a significant increase in its coastal range due to the colonisation of reclaimed land by the species. In addition, we demonstrate thatD. suweonensisis present in rice fields that are flooded with water originating from rivers as opposed to being present in rice fields that are irrigated from underground water. Finally, the non-overlap of protected areas and the occurrence of the species shows that only the edge of a single site whereD. suweonensisoccurs is legally protected. Based on our results and the literature, we suggest the design of a site fitting all the ecological requirements of the species, and suggest the use of such sites to prevent further erosion in the range ofD. suweonensis.
A mimotope of Aβ oligomers may also behave as a β‐sheet inhibitor
Authors: Zhang Yang‐xin , Wang Shao‐wei , Lu Shuai , Zhang Ling‐xiao , Liu Dong‐qun , Ji Mei , Wang Wei‐yun , Liu Rui‐tian
Published: October 2017

Beta‐amyloid (Aβ) oligomers are strongly associated with the cascade of harmful events leading to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Elimination of Aβ oligomers or inhibition of Aβ assembly is a valuable therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. Here, we obtained a mimotope of Aβ oligomers, AOEP2, by screening a peptide library using oligomer‐specific antibodies. The antibodies induced by AOEP2 specifically recognize Aβ oligomers rather than monomers and fibrils. Interestingly, the AOEP2 peptide binds to Aβ monomers and inhibits the formation of Aβ oligomers and β‐sheet structure, reduces Aβ42‐induced neurotoxicity, and decreases the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together, AOEP2, a novel multifunctional peptide directly or indirectly targeting Aβ, has promising therapeutic potential for AD.
Shock‐Induced Disappearance and Subsequent Recovery of Plasmaspheric Hiss: Coordinated Observations of RBSP, THEMIS, and POES Satellites
Authors: Liu Nigang , Su Zhenpeng , Gao Zhonglei , Reeves G. D. , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming , Wang Shui
Published: October 2017

Plasmaspheric hiss is an extremely low frequency whistler‐mode emission contributing significantly to the loss of radiation belt electrons. There are two main competing mechanisms for the generation of plasmaspheric hiss: excitation by local instability in the outer plasmasphere and origination from chorus outside the plasmasphere. Here on the basis of the analysis of an event of shock‐induced disappearance and subsequent recovery of plasmaspheric hiss observed by RBSP, THEMIS, and POES missions, we attempt to identify its dominant generation mechanism. In the preshock plasmasphere, the local electron instability was relatively weak and the hiss waves with bidirectional Poynting fluxes mainly originated from the dayside chorus waves. On arrival of the shock, the removal of preexisting dayside chorus and the insignificant variation of low‐frequency wave instability caused the prompt disappearance of hiss waves. In the next few hours, the local instability in the plasmasphere was greatly enhanced due to the substorm injection of hot electrons. The enhancement of local instability likely played a dominant role in the temporary recovery of hiss with unidirectional Poynting fluxes. These temporarily recovered hiss waves were generated near the equator and then propagated toward higher latitudes. In contrast, both the enhancement of local instability and the recurrence of prenoon chorus contributed to the substantial recovery of hiss with bidirectional Poynting fluxes.
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Seismic Attenuation During Hydraulic Fracturing of a Sandstone Block Subjected to Triaxial Stress
Authors: Vera Rodriguez Ismael , Stanchits Sergey
Published: October 2017

Q factors estimated with spectral ratios describe the attenuation experienced by seismic arrivals in their travel from the source(s) to the receiver(s). When Q is not the same along the travel path of each arrival, the formulation must incorporate two Q factors making the problem indeterminate. Here we show that by assuming that Q is a random variable, the parameters of its probability distribution can be recovered through a mapping workflow using the spectral ratios. An advantage of such a workflow is that uncertainties in source location and velocity model can also be incorporated by representing these elements as random variables. We apply such a methodology to an acoustic emission (AE) data set from a laboratory experiment of hydraulic fracturing in a Colton sandstone block. We assume that the probability distribution of Q is normal. Anisotropic mean (μQ) values correlate with the triaxial stress conditions imposed at the boundaries of the block, with higher stress corresponding with less attenuation. The μQ values estimated within time intervals in the direction perpendicular to the hydraulic fracture plane correlate with stress buildup at the borehole during fracture propagation and borehole pressure relaxation or drop during fracture closure. The standard deviations (σQ) reflect the attenuation heterogeneity within the sampled regions. An increase in heterogeneity is correlated with pressure buildup at the borehole, which we interpret to reflect a dynamic stress gradient formed from the hydraulic fracture toward the surroundings.