bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Meningkatkan Disiplin Guru Dalam Kehadiran Mengajar Di Kelas Melalui Penerapan Reward And Punishment Di SDI Wolowona 1 Kabupaten Ende
Authors: Rhando Elias
Published: June 2020

Improving the quality of learning in schools is very dependent on several factors. Very important factors include the application of school culture towards improving quality. School culture is a positive thing that must be maintained and implemented by all school residents without feeling compelled. One of the culture of schools that must be maintained is the problem of discipline, including the discipline of the teachers in attending class in the teaching and learning process. In this School Action Research (PTS), an attempt was made in the form of implementing Reward and Punishment for teachers at SDI Wolowona 1, Ende Regency. This research was conducted in two cycles, because from the results of research and data analysis, it turns out that in the second cycle, teacher discipline in class attendance at the teaching and learning process increased and met the indicators set by 75%. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that to improve teacher discipline in class attendance at teaching and learning activities can be done by applying Reward and Punishment to teachers.
Implementasi Pembelajaran K13 Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas X IPS Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Di SMAN 1 Ende
Authors: Kori Florentina , Amrin Sayful , H. Gusti Ma Stefanus
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research are to know  (1) the implementation of K13 at SMA Negeri 1 Ende in academic year 2016/2017.  (2) students achievement of class X of social science department on economics subject at SMA Negeri 1 Ende in academic year 2016/2017 This research used descriptive qualitative approach. The main instrument of this research was researcher ownself.  Interview, observation and documentation were the method used for gathering data. Meanwhile, interactive models of Miles and Huberman used for data analysis. he result shows that (1) the implementation of K13 already applied properly. (2) after K13 implemented during teaching and learning process, the achievement of students can be seen through the spirit of the students to find out what they do not know yet are high. Beside that, the students are also active participate in classroom, and they tend  to ask and discuss more. The conclusion and suggestion addressed to; first is to the teacher who handle social science economic subject  is expected to keep trying on increasing students understanding about K13; second is to the students as the object where K13 implemented are expected to be more active and participate in classroom activities so that their achievement  can be increased.
Monitoring of the tourism industry as a means of improving the efficiency of state economy regulation
Authors: AVERIKHINA Tetiana , VLAIEVA Alina
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The development of the tourism industry significantly affects the development of the country's economy as a whole. Its role is determined not only in the financial contribution, but also in stimulating other related industries that perform both ancillary and independent functions. The modern Ukrainian tourist market is undergoing many changes, so one of the current problems today is the use of effective tools for finding and systematizing the necessary information to forecast the development of the tourism industry.
The purpose of the paper is to define the concept of monitoring the tourism industry as a means of improving the efficiency of state regulation of the economy, proving the importance of monitoring research, identifying problems of monitoring and ways to solve them.
Results. The main purpose of tourism monitoring is to assess and forecast the state of tourism. Tourist services are localized and specialize in meeting the socio-economic needs of the population directly at the municipal level and are one of the main sources of funds coming to the state budget and ensure the reproduction of social infrastructure. In order to analyze trends in tourism and tourism in Ukraine, as well as assess the socio-economic effect of the implementation of measures of state support for domestic and inbound tourism, the central executive bodies of state regions of Ukraine, carrying out executive and administrative activities in tourism, the state of the tourism industry is being monitored. Given the large recreational and tourist potential in Ukraine, there is no full-fledged system of monitoring the market of tourist services by the state. This is due to the lack of an independent executive body in the field of tourism, endowed with certain powers, and a single system of statistical indicators of the market of tourist services. Modern statistics, both at the state and regional levels, do not give a complete picture of the state of tourism. Monitoring of tourist resources, objects of the tourist industry should give a clear picture of interaction of various branches of economy of the republic for the purposes of a complex estimation of directions of improvement and efficiency of functioning of the connected branches, exclusion of interbranch disproportions which negatively affect general development.
Conclusion. To increase the growth rate of the tourism industry, the formation of a positive tourist image of the region, increase its visibility requires constant monitoring of the state and development of the tourism market. Monitoring will allow tracking the trends of the tourism market in the dynamics and promptly make changes to the developed programs and plans for the development of the tourism industry, develop recommendations for their adjustment, increase the effectiveness of tourism management.
System of management of commercial processes of a trading enterprise
Authors: BILIAK Tetiana
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The basis of trade is the purchase and sale of goods due to the change of forms of value. Today, various forms and spheres of activity of commodity markets have been formed, which have different commodity and labor resources, material and technical base. Therefore, the purchase and sale of goods from suppliers, which is based on a commercial basis, not to exhaust the entire variety of commercial activities. Taking into account all types and stages of commercial processes, it is advisable for commercial enterprises to plan their activities carefully, develop a commercial strategy that must be directed to bringing goods to consumers, which is accompanied by commercial actions and operations, the tactic of which is to reduce current costs. The organization of commercial processes and operations is the basis of commercial activity and the level of their management depends on the profitability of a commercial enterprise.
The purpose of the paper is the theoretical justification and formation of organizational and methodological approaches to building an effective management system for commercial processes of a commercial enterprise.
Results. The paper proves the needs of deep research of the commercial process management system of a commercial enterprise. The content and sequence of commercial processes are studied according to their varieties. The functions of managing commercial processes are justified. The scheme interaction of the main functional processes of commercial activity is constructed. The developed parameters for evaluating the conditions for implementing functional processes of commercial activity of a commercial enterprise, as the main component of the planning and control function in the management system.
Conclusion. The content of the commercial process management is to form an effective system for bringing the product from the manufacturer to the consumer. The main commercial processes include the processes of studying and forming demand for goods, determining the need for goods and services, searching for customers, selecting suppliers, concluding transactions, implementing management measures for the purchase and sale of goods. The commercial activity of the trading company has undergone significant changes. In this regard, it needs to be constantly changed and improved, and in today’s conditions as well. The main focus should be on the interests of the end user, and therefore the information support of commercial activities should be given priority over other areas of commercial work.
Al abrir los baúles
Authors: Patiño Eirín Cristina
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo traza, a través de las huellas de la narrativa de Pardo Bazán y de algunos de sus ensayos más característicos, su preocupación y vinculación –a través de la palabra escrita– con la sociedad, tanto desde un posicionamiento crítico como desde la observación positiva: sus arremetidas contra la burguesía, por mor del trato a la mujer, fueron constantes en sus escritos. Pardo Bazán –la voz escritural que exhaustivamente explora la sociedad española y que introdujera en su obra, de ficción o no, el pálpito múltiple de su estratificación social con tanto detalle interior y exterior–, buscó una conciliación entre la necesidad de ciertos cambios en la educación, la higiene, la convivencia, las costumbres y la salvaguarda de un status quo que aun adoleciendo de notables defectos, funda una época de relativa prosperidad.
O coronavírus e a responsabilidade nos contratos internacionais
Authors: Rosenvald Nelson
Published: June 2020

O artigo examina o impacto do Coronavírus na responsabilidade contratual, com foco nos contratos internacionais. O estudo principia pelo desenvolvimento dos conceitos de força maior e impossibilidade de cumprimento pela “frustration” na Inglaterra e nos Estados Unidos. O destaque é dado ao sistema jurídico anglo-americano pois os contratos internacionais são fortemente dominados pelo estilo de negociação de cláusulas e práticas comerciais há muito vigentes no mercado mundial, o que se acentua com o fenômeno da globalização. Na sequência, a análise é centrada no instituto do Hardship e da alteração das circunstâncias, com fundamento em sua origem na Alemanha e consolidação em outros ordenamentos. Finalmente, verificamos os principais instrumentos internacionais e a forma de abordagem que procura conciliar a inquietação dos ingleses diante da interferência em contratos com os sistemas continentais, que aceitam a adaptação de contratos em situação de extrema dificuldade de cumprimento.
Dúvida jurídica razoável como excludente de responsabilidade civil, de enriquecimento sem causa e de outros remédios contra ilícitos civis
Authors: Oliveira Carlos E. Elias de
Published: June 2020

O texto comenta este julgado do STJ: REsp 1617636/DF. Defende que a dúvida jurídica razoável é capaz de afastar ou, ao menos, atenuar a responsabilidade civil, os pleitos de enriquecimento sem causa e outros remédios contra ilicitudes. Indica outros vários julgados nesse sentido.
Ressarcibilidade de despesas preventivas ou mitigatórias do dano
Authors: Bürger Marcelo L. F. de Macedo
Published: June 2020

Partindo da constatação de um verdadeiro renascer da prevenção no campo da responsabilidade civil brasileira, bem assim da carência de instrumentos que permitam concretizar tal função, o texto busca responder, por meio do direito comparado, como outras jurisdições trabalham especificamente com a ressarcibilidade das despesas preventivas despendidas pela vítima para evitar ou mitigar os danos. Para tanto, analisa decisões de oito jurisdições europeias, bem assim dois projetos de unificação do direito europeu que abordaram o tema das despesas preventivas, concluindo, ao final, que o ressarcimento de tais despesas é amplamente admitido e pode ser feito por meio da responsabilidade civil.
Abortus imminens tanılı hastalarda subkoryonik hematom varlığının gebelik sonuçlarına etkisi
Authors: ALTINBOĞA Orhan , YAKIŞTIRAN Betül , EROL Seyit Ahmet , ANUK Ali Taner , BAŞER Emre , OĞUZ Yüksel , ÇAĞLAR Ali
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Tersiyer referans hastanemizde, sonografik olarak ilk trimesterde subkoryonik hematom (SKH) bulgusu izlenen ve SKH bulgusu olmayan abortus imminens tanılı hastaların gebelik sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Materyal ve Metod: Bu retrospektif kohort çalışmada Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Hastanesi’nde 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında abortus imminens tanısı almış 450 hastanın kayıtları incelendi. Gebeliği hastanemizde sonlanmış olan (abortus, missed veya doğum şeklinde) ve tanı anında fetal kardiyak ativitesi pozitif olan, toplam 228 kayıta ulaşıldı. 228 abortus imminens tanılı hastanın 44’ünde subkoryonik hematom mevcuttu. Çalışmaya; 6-14 hafta arası gebeliği olan, abortus imminens kliniği ile başvurmuş, tekil gebeliği olan, fetal kalp atımı pozitif olan, sonografik değerlendirmesinde SKH görünümü izlenmiş ya da izlenmemiş kanama şikayeti olan hastalar dahil edildi. 14 haftadan büyük gebeliği olan, fetal kalp atımı negatif olan, abortus insipiens tanısı alan, habitüel abortus öyküsü olan, sistemik hastalığı olan gebeler, gebelik takibini ve doğumunu farklı bir merkezde yapmış olan hastalar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. SKH tanısı alan toplam 44 hastanın gebelik sürecindeki abortus oranları, preterm gebelik, erken membran rüptürü (PPROM), sezaryen ve vajinal doğum oranları SKH bulgusu olmayan abortus imminens tanılı hastaların sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırıldı. İstatistiksel analizler SSPSS (Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) versiyon 20.0 yazılımı kullanılarak yapıldı. Değişken verilerin dağılımında Kolmogrov-Simirnov, Shapiro-Wilk’s testi, sayısal verilerde student t-test ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanıldı. p<0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: SKH izlenen hastalarda gebelik sonlanma haftaları anlamlı şekilde daha erken haftalarda izlendi. Ortalama gebelik sonlanma haftaları SKH izlenmeyen hastalarda 31.9± 11.5, SKH izlenen hastalarda 23.4± 12.7 olarak görüldü. SKH izlenen hastalarda abortus, sezaryen, vajinal doğum oranları sırasıyla, % 40.9, % 22.7, % 22.7, SKH izlenmeyen hastalarda ise sırasıyla, % 21.7, % 3.3 ve % 50 idi. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, SKH izlenen hastalarda, kötü gebelik sonuçlarının literatürle uyumlu şekilde artmış olduğu görüldü. Prospektif ve daha geniş katılımlı çalışmalar, gebelik sonuçlarını daha net öngörmek adına önemli bilgiler sağlayacaktır.
DISCREPANCIES IN PERCEPTION AND EVALUATION OF MACROENVIRONMENT – SECTORAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Belas Jaroslav , Gavurova Beata , Kubalek Jan , Kubak Matus
Published: June 2020

The aim of presented study is to evaluate macroeconomic environment and to determine
differences in perception of macroeconomic environment by entrepreneurs in Slovak Republic and Czech Republic.
Data collection was done by questionnaire which was answered by 329 entrepreneurs from Slovak Republic and 312
entrepreneurs from Czech Republic. Topics treated concerning macroenvironment were the favourableness of
macroenvironment for business activities, its support for starting an entrepreneurship, its support of
innovation activities of companies and its capacity to promote entrepreneurship and to create interesting
business opportunities. Answers are divided according to sector in which entrepreneurs doing business.
Considered sectors are: transport, trade, construction, production, agriculture, services and other sectors.
To analyse collected data, we use correspondence analysis. Results show that there exists systematic difference
in perception of macroenvironment by entrepreneurs from SMEs in Slovak Republic and Czech Republic. It seems
that entrepreneurs from Czech Republic percept macroenvironment more positively than Slovak ones. Moreover,
we document different perception of macroeconomic situation depending on sector in which entrepreneurs operate.
Presented research results bring findings for the creators of economic policies. Similarly, presented results
form a platform for concepts of strategic and regional plans in order to provide sustainable business environment
in the countries, and also their stable economic growth.
Annotated checklist of Scolytinae and Platypodinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of Switzerland
Authors: Sanchez Andreas , Chittaro Yannick , Germann Christoph , Knížek Milos
Published: June 2020

An updated checklist of the species belonging to the subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae in Switzerland is presented and briefly discussed. A total of 113 species is confirmed. This checklist is based on 42836 occurrences obtained from the identification of specimens held in museum and private collections, as well as on records taken from the literature. Fifteen species recorded from Switzerland in the past are excluded from this list, for reasons of insufficient documentation.
Le système du traité sur l’Antarctique : une gouvernance unique pour la paix, la science et la protection de l’environnement
Authors: Frénot Yves
Published: June 2020

La France est l’un des cinq pays revendiquant une portion du continent Antarctique, la Terre Adélie. Cette position de pays dit « posses­sionné », la présence de deux bases scientifiques française (Dumont d’Urville) ou franco-italienne (Concordia) ainsi qu’une recherche polaire d’excellence sont autant de raisons pour lesquelles la France est un acteur essentiel au sein du Système du traité sur l’Antarctique. Ce dernier est un outil unique qui, en gelant les prétentions territoriales, permet aujourd’hui aux 53 États signataires de rendre la recherche scientifique et la protection de l’environnement les objectifs essentiels de la gouvernance internationale de cette région. Pour prendre ses décisions, la Réunion consultative du traité sur l’Antarctique s’appuie sur l’expertise du Comité pour la protection de l’environnement, émanation du protocole de Madrid. Parmi les règles énoncées par ce dernier, le moratoire sur l’exploitation des ressources minérales de l’Antarctique est sans doute la plus connue.
La haute mer : une « chose commune »
Authors: Battesti Michèle
Published: June 2020

La liberté de la haute mer est un des principes fondateurs du droit international. Il n’en a pas été toujours ainsi bien que sa genèse remonte à l’Antiquité romaine où la mer était une « chose commune » à tous les hom­mes. Au Moyen Âge, les puissances maritimes ont prétendu s’approprier les mers des atterrages européens pour leur usage exclusif. Le phénomène s’est étendu à la planète avec les Grandes Découvertes. La « bataille des livres » au xvii e  siècle entre le Hollandais Grotius, défenseur de la liberté des mers ( mare liberum ), et l’Anglais Selden, partisan de leur appropriation étatique ( mare clausum ), a animé le débat doctrinal jusqu’à la victoire du premier lorsque les États européens ont jugé que la liberté de navigation et de commerce présentait plus d’avantages que l’usage exclusif des mers. Le traité de Montego Bay de 1982 a fait entrer cette reconnaissance dans le droit positif, mais il a aussi avalisé l’extension des espaces maritimes appropriés par les États, réduisant la haute mer à la surface de 64 % des océans.
Le blocus et l’action stratégique dans les espaces communs
Authors: de Lespinois Jérôme
Published: June 2020

L’approche stratégique permet de dégager les véritables caractéristiques des espaces communs qui sont avant tout des espaces de transit et des espaces parcourus par des flux. Ces spécificités donnent une importance particulière au concept de maîtrise ou de supériorité de milieu. Car si ces espaces ne peuvent être occupés, les forces armées doivent pouvoir y manœuvrer librement par le mouvement et le feu. Or si comme l’affirme le grand stratégiste naval britannique Julian Corbett, le blocus est la forme la plus efficace d’action stratégique sur mer, il est probable qu’il le soit également dans l’air, l’espace extra-atmosphérique et le cyberespace qui au point de vue stratégique partagent les mêmes propriétés.
Les enjeux stratégiques de l’Indopacifique
Authors: Sheldon-Duplaix Alexandre
Published: June 2020

La zone Indo-Pacifique concentre un très grand nombre de tensions qui s’accumulent depuis la fin de la deuxième guerre mondiale et se sont déjà traduites par l’usage de la force armée dans des conflits limités. L’avènement de la Chine comme première puissance mondiale risque de bouleverser un ordre établi qui n’a que très peu évolué depuis 1945. La mer de Chine cristallise les tensions entre les acteurs régionaux et leurs alliés.
Souveraineté et liberté dans un espace aérien civil et militaire
Authors: Trigeaud Béatrice
Published: June 2020

La souveraineté de l’État, définie en droit international comme renvoyant à la liberté de l’État de prendre des engagements dont l’existence ne se présume pas, peut encore être saisie de façon substantielle à travers l’identification des actions susceptibles d’être menées par l’État ou, au contraire, des restrictions susceptibles de lui être opposables. Cette approche est particulièrement visible en matière aérienne, que ce soit dans le domaine civil comme dans le domaine militaire. La dimension opérationnelle du concept de souveraineté de l’État ne disparaît jamais totalement. Cependant, elle doit être comprise, non plus exclusivement comme la liberté discrétion­naire de l’État de s’engager, mais comme la manifestation des fonctions essen­tielles de l’État, au premier rang desquelles celle d’assurer la sécurité. Cette conception opérationnelle et fonctionnelle de la souveraineté de l’État est aisé­ment perceptible dans l’analyse des conditions générales de l’organisation de l’espace aérien, partagé entre civils et militaires. Elle peine peut-être plus à s’imposer dès que surgit la question du recours à la force armée dans les airs, par ou contre les engins de navigation aérienne.
Tenir le sol grâce à l’air : l’exemple de l’interopérabilité sol-air dans le cadre de l’opération Barkhane
Authors: Rohée Thomas
Published: June 2020

Le 1er août 2014, l’opération Serval est remplacée par l’opération Barkhane. Cette dernière est dorénavant une opération régionale qui s’étend sur plusieurs pays ; ce qui est une première pour l’armée française. L’étirement des troupes sur une zone de taille comparable à celle de l’Europe impose des contraintes logistiques importantes. Dans cet environnement, l’aviation joue un rôle incontournable pour ravitailler et appuyer les soldats. Toutefois la mauvaise compréhension des contraintes d’emploi de la puissance aérienne peut entraîner des difficultés de synchronisation air/sol. En effet, même si les forces terrestres et aériennes font face aux mêmes conditions natu­relles, ces dernières n’ont pas le même impact sur ces deux armées, entraînant certaines incompréhensions. Au sol, les troupes subissent l’environnement tandis que les appareils de l’armée de l’air ne sont sensibles à ces phénomènes qu’à partir du moment où ils touchent le sol. Malgré ces difficultés des moyens ont été mis en œuvre pour permettre une combinaison des moyens aériens et terrestres.
Drying methods differentially alter volatile profiles of edible locusts and silkworms
Authors: Mishyna M. , Haber M. , Benjamin O. , Martinez J.J. Itzhak , Chen J.
Published: June 2020

In this study, the effect of freeze-drying, oven- and microwave-drying on the volatile profiles and sensory properties of edible locust and silkworm was studied. Fifty-five headspace volatiles were detected, including alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and ketones, with variations in intensity depending on the insect species and drying method. Volatiles from microwave-dried locusts and silkworms were typical for the Maillard reaction, that is in accordance with the significant increase of fluorescence of advanced Maillard products (2.9 and 5.5 times higher than in raw silkworms and locusts, respectively). Comparison of fatty acid composition and Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed signs of oxidation process at different levels depending on the insect. Changes in aroma and its intensity caused by different drying methods were also detected by sensory panellists who rated the samples of oven-dried locusts (2.4) and microwave-dried silkworms (1.9) with the lowest scores. An addition 15% of dried insects to cookies decreased the diversity of the volatiles, changed their intensity and lessened the dissimilarities between cookies with differently dried insect powders. Sensory panellists determined the presence of additional ingredients by higher odour intensity and general changes in overall liking scores of the insect-based cookies. Thus, drying can modify odour and sensory characteristics of locusts and silkworms and, consequently, cookies with these insect species, that should be considered in the processing of insects and formulation of novel insect-based foods.
Reducing Recidivism: Medication Versus Psychosocial Rehabilitation
Authors: Delaney Carol
Published: June 2020

A 6-month comparative study at the Bayview Community Mental Health Center, Miami, compared the effectiveness of treatment modalities in a population of persons with chronic schizophrenia. The outcome measure was recidivism (number of inpatient hospital days). Sixty persons with lengthy psychiatric histories were voluntary subjects. They were divided into two groups: those attending the FOCUS House Rehabilitation Program, and those who were on routine medication maintenance. The two groups were each subdivided into three groups, according to their medication modality. The study yielded results that had implications for medication management and psychosocial rehabilitation as important tools to reduce recidivism in this chronic population.
Malpractice Litigation in Vitreoretinal Surgery and Medical Retina
Authors: Engelhard Stephanie B. , Justin Grant A. , Zimmer-Galler Ingrid E. , Sim Austin J. , Reddy Ashvini K.
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To report and analyze the causes and outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery and medical retina malpractice litigation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The WestLaw database was reviewed for all vitreoretinal malpractice litigation in the United States between 1930 and 2014.

RESULTS:

One hundred forty-two retina cases were included. Overall, 64.1% of cases were resolved in favor of defendants. Eighty-three (58.5%) cases were resolved via jury trial, 30.1% of which were associated with plaintiff verdicts with mean adjusted jury award of $5,222,894 (median, $691,974). Eight cases (5.6%) resulted in settlements with mean adjusted indemnity of $726,003 (median: $437,165). Jury awards were higher than settlement awards (
P
= .04). Commonly litigated scenarios included retinal detachment (46.5%) and retinopathy of prematurity (9.2%).

CONCLUSIONS:

The complexity of treating vitreoretinal problems and the high potential for vision loss inherent in many diagnoses make treating retinal problems high-risk. Many cases in this series resulted in multi-million-dollar plaintiff awards.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:272–278.]
Sex Differences in Presentation, Treatment Patterns, and Clinical Outcomes in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Mirzania Delaram , Thomas Akshay S. , Rothman Adam L. , Berry Duncan , Stinnett Sandra , Fekrat Sharon
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the impact of sex differences on the presenting features, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes in patients with central retinal vein occlusions (CRVO).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study included 476 patients diagnosed with CRVO over a 7-year period. Charts were reviewed and clinical data were abstracted.

RESULTS:

The average age at CRVO onset was lower in males (63.8 years vs. 66.1 years;
P
= .048). More males (104/224, 54%) had an ischemic CRVO compared to females (113/252, 45%) at 12 months (
P
= .05). Males with CRVO had a greater central subfield thickness at the baseline (546.7 ± 306.8 μm vs. 438.4 ± 252.9 μm;
P
= .003) and final visits (343 ± 179.5 μm vs. 304.6 ± 176.2 μm;
P
= .005). Foveal avascular zone enlargement was more likely in males (39/102, 38% vs. 29/116, 25%;
P
= .04).

CONCLUSIONS:

Sex differences exist in presenting features of patients with CRVO. Further inquiry may help provide individualized recommendations for management of CRVO.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:279–285.]
XEN Gel Stent Implantation Following Encircling Scleral Buckle Surgery
Authors: Vu Daniel M. , Junk Anna K.
Published: June 2020

Scleral buckling procedures create a challenge for intraocular pressure (IOP) control in the glaucoma patient. The encircling band is believed to compress vortex veins, causing increased episcleral venous pressure, a proposed mechanism for secondary glaucoma. Glaucoma drainage device implantation is preferred over trabeculectomy when medical management fails, but often involves modification of the glaucoma implant and manipulation of the fibrotic capsule surrounding the scleral buckle. This case demonstrates that ab externo XEN gel stent implantation may successfully reduce IOP without interfering with the previous scleral buckle, a major limitation of previous glaucoma filtering surgeries.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:289–292.]
Reduction in Retinal Thickness Fluctuations After Treatment With Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant for DME: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the USER Study
Authors: Riemann Christopher D. , Eaton Alexander M. , Cutino Antonio
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Assess fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAc) effects on diabetic macular edema (DME) retinal thickness fluctuations.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A post-hoc chart review of the real-world USER study analyzed patients receiving 0.2 μg/day FAc implant. The percentage of eyes with central subfield thickness (CST) of 300 µm or less were compared pre- and post-FAc implant; mean retinal thickness amplitude (RTA), retinal thickness standard deviation (RTSD), and two case studies were analyzed.

RESULTS:

One hundred thirty patients (mean age: 69.6 years) presented; CST was available for 120 of 160 treated eyes. Mean RTA decreased significantly post-FAc implant (
P
< .001) regardless of baseline visual acuity (VA). Correlations with last-observed VA (R
2
) were: RTA, 0.1197; retinal thickness standard deviation (RTSD), 0.1526; and area under the CST-time curve (AUC CST), 0.0981. After FAc implant, the percentage of eyes with CST of 300 μm or less was significantly greater versus baseline (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Retinal thickness fluctuations significantly declined after FAc and correlated with improvement in VA. Both RTSD and RTA measures correlated more closely to last observed VA than AUC CST itself.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:298–306.]
Adherence of Intravitreal Silicone Oil Bubbles to a Silicone Intraocular Lens
Authors: Shah Saumya M. , Bakri Sophie J.
Published: June 2020

The authors present a case of diffuse silicone oil deposits from intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections adhering to the posterior capsule of a silicone intraocular lens.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:307.]
Note on 40 years of organized international cooperation in buckwheat research / Zapis ob 40 letnici organiziranega mednarodnega sodelovanja pri raziskavah ajde
Authors: Kreft Ivan
Published: June 2020

The Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, India in collaboration with ICAR - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), India, and DBT - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), India organized the 14th International Symposium on Buckwheat ...
Buckwheat Breeding. Past, Present and Future / Žlahtnjenje ajde v preteklosti, sedanjosti in prihodnosti
Authors: Campbell Clayton G. , Nagano Mio
Published: June 2020

Buckwheat crop improvement by breeding has been taking place over the past 100 years or more. During this time there has been improvements in many desirable agronomic characteristics which has resulted in higher yields in many of the breeding programs. Phenotypic modifications, such as dwarf, semi-dwarf and branching have been reported. There has also been an effort to increase flower number as this has been shown in cross pollinating buckwheat, to increase yields. Flower cluster modifications and their effects on yield have also been studied. Increased reports on the discovery of buckwheat wild species have been reported from several programs with many interspecific crosses having taken place. Several of these crosses were performed with Fagopyrum esculentum in efforts to increase variability which can be used to increase yield potential as well as to obtain increased nutritional components.  More recent efforts have focused on the development of self-pollinating buckwheat, both from introgression of genes from Fagopyrum homotropicum as well as from mutations in cross pollinating buckwheat. The main problem has been in breeding depression which has occurred in many of the reported attempts. However, high yielding homomorphic, self-pollinating varieties have been developed and are now in commercial production. There is now emphasis being placed on many of the nutritional aspects of buckwheat flour as well as value added components. It is expected that this will increase over time. 

Key words: Buckwheat breeding, homomorphic, autogamous buckwheat.

 

Izvleček

Žlahtnjenje ajde poteka že več kot 100 let. V tem času je bila dosežena izboljšava željenih agronomskih lastnosti, kar je pri mnogih programih žlahtnjenja omogočilo večje pridelke. Raziskovalci poročajo o fenotipskih modifikacijah, kot je pritlikava ali pol-pritlikava rast in razvejanje. Za povečanje pridelka so bile raziskane modifikacije socvetij. Število poročil o odkritjih divjih sorodnikov ajde in o mnogih medvrstnih križanjih se je v zadnjem času povečalo. V mnoga od teh križanj je bila vključena navadna ajda (Fagopyrum esculentum), da bi povečali  variabilnost, kar bi lahko omogočilo povečanje pridelka in izboljšanje prehranskih lastnosti. Novejša prizadevanja so se osredotočila na razvoj samooplodnosti pri ajdi, z vključitvijo genov vrste Fagopyrum homotropicum, kot tudi mutacij pri ajdi, ki se je opraševala navzkrižno.  Pri tem je bila glavna težava preseči  depresijo zaradi samooploditev, depresija se je pojavila pri večih poskusih samooploditve. Ne glede na to je uspelo dobiti visokorodne homomorfne samooplodne sorte za ponudbo na trgu semen. Sedaj se prizadevanja usmerjajo k izboljšanju prehranske vrednosti ajde in pomembnih sestavin v ajdovi moki. Pričakovati je, da se bo pomen prehranske vrednosti ajde sčasoma še povečeval.

Ključne besede: žlahtnjenje ajde, homomorfnost, samo­oplodna ajda
Face Mask Designs following Novel Coronavirus
Authors: Chao Fang-Lin
Published: June 2020

Doctors need to wear complete protective equipment when large numbers of patients flood into the emergency room. Taiwan has so far managed to prevent a large scale community outbreak, city forces wearing face masks on public transportation, and keep social distancing to stem the virus from spreading. The protective device may be contaminated and must be replaced. In the situation of limited resources, how to take care of the physiological needs of the doctor without increasing the chance of contamination during replacement is a consideration. By reducing the chance of contamination during removal and storage, the previous designs were analyzed and improved. We proposed three improved designs to reduce the contact. Design-A features a mask with a water channel that allows the user to remain hydrated without removing the cover. Design-B has a folding pattern that hides the outer surface. Design-C combines the mask with the brim of a cap which form an extended air-intake area. Through understanding the problem, related product began distribute on the market, Design-D extend the mask usages period with less contact.
EVALUATION OF PEDESTRIAN SAFETY IN FAST DEVELOPING NAGPUR CITY, INDIA
Authors: M S Mukesh , Katpatal Y B
Published: June 2020

Pedestrian safety has become a major issue in most of the developing countries. Thousands of pedestrians are killed each year but still pedestrian safety remains the most ignored parameter in road design. Even after several studies, pedestrian behavior, which is a complex phenomenon remains poorly understood. Interaction and pedestrian response, especially at the intersections, is a serious concern in road safety. The primary objective of the study is to develop a Pedestrian Safety Index (PSI) by identifying the parameters on which pedestrian safety depends. These parameters have been classified as dependent parameters like pedestrian behavior, street infrastructure, and surrounding environment; and independent parameters like a signal break, crossing location, crossing type and crossing time. Pearson's correlation coefficient and ANOVA Analysis are performed to find the relationship between independent and dependent parameters. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) techniques have been used to prepare the PSI model. The model depicts safety indices at different intersections along the Ring Road which is the major transportation corridor of the city. The data for the analysis was extracted from actual video footages of CCTV installed at the intersections and high-resolution satellite images. The study concludes that the PSI is found to be less at all the intersections along Ring Road and very less in the western segments of the Ring Road Corridor. The values of Pedestrian safety indices are helpful in designing the infrastructure facility at the intersection considering pedestrian safety.
ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATIONAL DATA OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: A CASE-STUDY OF THE BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT), LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ADERINLEWO OLUFIKAYO OLUWASEUN , Akinyemi Gbemileke Adekunle , Afolayan Abayomi , Modupe Abayomi
Published: June 2020

This paper assesses the operational data of a public transportation system, using the Bus Rapid Transit in Lagos State as a case study. Demographic data was collected through the administration of questionnaires to the commuters; this was carried out to observe variations in the population of the commuters from different perspectives. Some other categories of data were collected which include boarding and alighting, headway, arrival rate of commuters, waiting time of commuters and travel time data. These data were presented and analysed with MS Excel and Minitab statistical softwares. Results from the boarding and alighting data showed bus stops with high flux of commuters, these were at Ojota, Ketu, Mile 12, Costain, CMS and TBS. Probability distribution charts were prepared to analyze the remaining sets of data. This was carried out to study the distribution and consistency of the data. Coefficients of variation for the data were also estimated to study the variability of the data. From the study, the data followed normal distribution and they were consistent such that they can be used for further analysis of the system. It can be concluded that the distribution depicts the real situation at the study location. Thus, bus stops with high density of commuters should be provided with more buses so as to reduce the waiting time of commuters.
Association between Self-Rated Health and Quality of Life with Sleep Quality Among Bangladeshi University Students
Authors: Ahmed Md. Sabbir , Sen Liton Chandra , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Poor sleep quality is adversely affecting student's mental health. However, the impact of poor sleep quality on student's health and quality of life (QOL) has not been previously studied in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to assess the association between self-rated health (SRH) and QOL of university students with their sleep quality.

Methods:

A quantitative cross-sectional survey was carried out among 332 students of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (Bangladesh) aged from 18 to 25 years (mean = 21.6 years; standard deviation ± 1.7). Data were collected through one-to-one interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire. Results: There was a significant association between SRH and QOL with sleep quality. Students experiencing poor sleep quality had a 2.4 times higher risk for poor SRH (odds ratio [OR] = 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–4.95,P= 0.012) The OR of poor QOL was 3.3 times higher among the students whose sleep quality was poor (OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.70–6.75,P= 0.001).

Conclusion:

Study findings indicated that poor sleep quality adversely affects the health status and QOL of Bangladeshi university students. University authorities in Bangladesh should develop programs to improve the overall health and sleep quality of the students.
To Wear or Not to Wear? Factors Influencing Wearing Face Masks in Germany During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rieger Marc Oliver
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been advised to wear masks. Attitudes toward wearing masks have not been investigated well. We want to provide data on whether and why people would be willing to wear masks in order to suggest ways for enhancing compliance.

Methods:

We conducted a survey among 206 participants on April 20 to 22, 2020. The sample mean age was 28 years, 63% of the participants were female, 64% were undergraduate or graduate students, and 51% had a university degree. Data from a previous study (n = 241, mean age of 26 years, 66% females, 83% students, 52% with a university degree) have also been used.

Results:

Fifty to eighty percent of the participants stated they would (probably) wear a mask (if they had one) in most scenarios. On the street, only 21% said they would. Demographic factors did not prove to be significant, whereas a university degree increased the likelihood of wearing a mask. Determining factors included worries about the current situation, self-protection, protecting others, thinking that wearing a mask looks strange, and being afraid of others' judgment when wearing a mask. The significance of these factors varies strongly between the age groups. Nearly all participants stated they would wear a mask if it were legally required, but compliance would be lower if the law required them to wear masks on the street. Surprisingly, there is no difference in attitudes toward masks as compared to the results of the previous survey from March 24 to 25, 2020.

Conclusion:

Legally requiring people to wear face masks seems to be an essentially effective instrument in this case. Studying the voluntary use of masks, we find that in different groups, wearing (or not wearing) a mask can be attributed to various reasons. Potential campaigns should therefore be tailor-made for different demographic groups.
Khovanov–Rozansky homology for infinite multicolored braids
Authors: Willis Michael
Published: June 2020

We define a limiting

${\mathfrak {sl}_N}$
Khovanov–Rozansky homology for semi-infinite positive multicolored braids. For a large class of such braids, we show that this limiting homology categorifies a highest-weight projector in the tensor product of fundamental representations determined by the coloring of the braid. This effectively completes the extension of Cautis’ similar result for infinite twist braids, begun in our earlier papers with Islambouli and Abel. We also present several similar results for other families of semi-infinite and bi-infinite multicolored braids.
بين المونولوج الداخلي وخصوصية التشكيل مقاربة في رواية " ستر " لرجاء عالم (بحث مدعوم من جامعة المجمعة، رقم المشروع : 101-1439)
Authors: عادل نصورة محمد التمساحي عادل نصورة محمد التمساحي
Published: June 2020

محاولة الوقوف على إجابة مقنعة للآتي: هل استطاعت رجاء عالم إظهار الصراع الداخلي لشخصيات الرواية ؟ وهل تمكنت من بناء مواقف درامية أضفت على شخصياتها خصوصية في التشكيل ؟ وهل جاء المونولوج متكلفا أم عفو الخاطر ؟ وما سبب اعتمادها في غير موقف من الرواية على المونولوج الداخلي ؟ وهل تأثرت بغيرها ممن شاع عنهم الاستعانة بهذا الأسلوب السردي ؟ وهل استمر هذا الأسلوب السردي فشمل الرواية كلها ؟ خطة البحث: مقدمة : وفيها أهداف الدراسة، ومنهجها، وخطة إدارة البحث، المبحث الأول: تحديد المفاهيم: مفهوم المونولوج، أنواعه، فائدة دراسة هذا اللون السردي، أثره في تكوين وتشكيل صورة خاصة للشخصية الروائية، المبحث الثاني: البعد الاجتماعي بن المونولوج الداخلي وخصوصية التشكيل، المبحث الثالث: البعد النفسي بين المونولوج الداخلي وخصوصية التشكيل، الخاتمة : وفيها نتائج البحث، المصادر والمراجع النتائج : رواية " ستر " عمل أدبي له قيمة فنية ، وحقيق بأكثر من دراسة نقدية ، لغة رجاء عالم في روايتها " ستر " منتقاة بعناية، وجديرة بالبحث والدرس، ساعد المونولوج الداخلي في الرواية على معرفة النفس من خلال استنطاقها عن مكنوناتها، أسهم المونولوج في إظهار الصراع الداخلي، بعث حديث النفس في العمل الروائي الحيوية والحركة النفسية، الخصوصية في تشكيل الشخصيات تعكس براعة الكاتب وتمكنه من أداوت فنه، الدراسات النفسية والاجتماعية للأدب تخرج بنتائج رائعة .
حوارية النص الشعري في ديوان (الخروج إلى الحمراء) للمتوكل طه
Authors: د. فايزة أحمد الحربي د. فايزة أحمد الحربي
Published: June 2020

إن الحوارية نص إبداعي متفاعل مع الخطابات الأيديولوجية والاجتماعية، انسحب من مجال السرد للشعر؛ وذلك لإحداث التزاوج بين الرؤية والإبداع في صياغة النصّ الشعري، وهو مصطلح مرتبط بأعمال المنظر الروسي (باختين) حول اللغة والوعي والكلام. وفي هذا السياق يمثل ديوان الشاعر الفلسطيني (المتوكل طه) المعنون بـ(الخروج إلى الحمراء) النص الشعري الديالوجي المتعدد صوتياً، والذي لايكتفي بسرد الشاعر، وإنما يضم إلى صوته أصواتاً متعددة لعرض وجهات النظر المتباينة، فقد حكي فيه "عن أبي عبد الله الصغير وتسليم غرناطة " ليعطي نوعاً من المفارقة بين زمن السرد و زمن الحكاية؛ لتأتي شاهدة على زمنيين متشابهين بين سقوط الأندلس وأحداث فلسطين على مستوى الأمكنة والأحداث والمفردات.أما من حيث الدراسة فتناولت المحاور التالية: (مفهوم الحوار والحوارية- عتبة العنوان – الصوت الحواري الأحادي- الصوت الحواري المتعدد) وقد انتهى البحث إلى نتيجة مؤداها أن التعددية الصوتية في بنية الخطاب الشعري للديوان و المكون من الصوت الأحادي أو المتعدد مثّل وعي الشاعر المتوكل طه بواقعه المعاش بكل سياقاته، والمتفاعل نصياَ مع الوقائع التاريخية المشابهة لعصره رغم تباين الزمن؛ مما أنتج نصاً شعرياً حكائياً انطلاقاً من ذلك الوعي.
مخاطر الصقيع ونمط التغيرات في درجات الحرارة الصغرى اليومية في المرتفعات الشمالية من الأردن
Authors: ميسون بركات الزغول ميسون بركات الزغول
Published: June 2020

تعتبر ظاهرة الصقيع من الظواهر الصقيعية التي تشكل خطرًا زراعيًا شائعًا في شمال الأردن وقد أدت هذه الظاهرة إلى خسائر اقتصادية للمزارعين بسبب تلف المحاصيل. وقد تفاقمت هذه الاضرار بسببين اولهما عدم تملك صانعي القرار للبيانات والمعلومات الكافية التي تجلي ابعاد الظاهرة واماكن توقع اشد الاضرار والفترات المتوقعة لحدوثها وثانيهما افتقار صانعي القرار الى الوسائل المؤدية لتخفيف تلك الخسائر. يأتي الغرض من هذه الورقة استكشاف الاتجاهات الحديثة للحد من أثر تدني درجة الحرارة اليومية وتكرار الصقيع خلال الفترة من 1979 إلى 2014 على المحاصيل الزراعية في شمال الأردن. اعتمدت الدراسة لتحقيق ذلك على فحص البيانات المتعلقة بالحد الأدنى لدرجات الحرارة اليومية والصقيع الليلي خلال فصل الشتاء في أربع محطات مناخية تمثل المناطق الشمالية والوسطى من الأردن. واستخدام التحليل الإحصائي المتمثل في الانحدار الخطي، المتوسطات المتحركة، الرسوم البيانية، اختبار T واختبار الفرضية الرئيسية للبحث. وقد اوضحت النتائج الاحصائية ظهور ارتفاع واضح في اتجاه الحد الأدنى لدرجات الحرارة الشتوية اليومية في منطقة الدراسة الامر الذي تسبب في انخفاض الاتجاه العام لظاهرة تكرار حدوث الصقيع. تتفق نتائج هذا البحث جيدًا مع نتائج البحوث السابقة لمناطق مختلفة في الأردن. وبناء على ذلك اقترحت الدراسة اعتماد أصناف المحاصيل المرنة، واستخدام التدابير الوقائية اليدوية وكذلك اختيار الموقع على أساس حساسية المحاصيل والاخذ بعين الاعتبار انحناء سطح الأرض من أجل تجنب الخسائر وضمان أقصى قدر من إنتاج المحاصيل وبالتالي امداد الغذاء بكميات كافية لاحتياج السكان في منطقة الدراسة.
صناعة النقد في التفسير
Authors: د. يحيى بن عبد ربه بن حسن الحسني الزهراني د. يحيى بن عبد ربه بن حسن الحسني الزهراني
Published: June 2020

إن صناعة نقد العلوم عامة وعلم التفسير خاصة = ظاهرة صحية في مجملها، لكنَّ هذه الصناعة يكتنفها مخاطر عديدة إذا أُطلقت على مصراعيها، ولم يكن لها ضوابط تضبطها، وتمنع وقوع الخطأ والانحراف فيها. وقد سعت هذه الدراسة لبيان ذلك من خلال أربعة مباحث تضمنت عدة مطالب، ومجمل البحث يحتوي على: بيان المعنى اللغوي والاصطلاحي لـ (الصناعة، النقد، التفسير). تتَّبع التاريخ الزَّمني لصناعة النقد في التفسير، وبيان خصائص كل مرحلة. بيان الطريقة الصحيحة لنقد علم التفسير من خلال بيان ضوابط النقد فيه.