bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low incidence of daily active tobacco smoking in patients with symptomatic COVID-19 infection
Authors: Miyara Makoto , Tubach Florence , Amoura Zahir
Published: April 2020

Importance: As the pandemic of COVID-19 is still under progression, identification of prognostic factors is a global challenge. Among epidemiological risk factors, the role of smoking, to date, is unclear.
Objective: To accurately evaluate a possible correlation of daily smoking with an increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Participants: We estimated the rates of daily current smokers in COVID-19-infected patients in a large French university hospital between February 28th 2020 and March 30th 2020 for outpatients and from March 23rd till April 9th 2020 for inpatients.
Design: The rates from both groups were compared to those of daily current smokers in the 2018 French general population, established in 2018, after standardization of the data for sex and age.
Results: The inpatient group was composed of 343 patients, median age 65 yr: 206 men (60.1%, median age 66 yr) and 137 women (39.9%, median age 65 yr) with a rate of daily smokers of 4.4% (5.4% of men and 2.9% of women).The outpatient group was composed of 139 patients, median age 44 yr: 62 men (44.6 %, median age 43 yr, and 77 women (55.4 %, median age 44). The daily smokers rate was 5.3% (5.1% of men and 5.5 % of women). In the French population, the daily smokers rate is 25.4% (28.2% of men and 22.9% of women).
The rate of current daily smokers was significantly lower in COVID-19 outpatients and inpatients (80.3% and 75.4%, respectively), as compared to that in the French general population with standardized incidence ratios according to sex and age of 0.197 [0.094 - 0.41] and 0.246 [0.148 - 0.408]. These ratios did not significantly differ between the two groups (P=0.63).
Conclusions and relevance: Our study highlights for the first time a dramatic decreased prevalence of daily current smokers both in COVID-19 outpatients and inpatients as compared to the general population.
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR THE PROGRESSION OF THE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE UNDER A HIGH TECHNOGENIC LOAD
Authors: Vitkina T. I. , Sidletskaya Karolina A.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The prevalence and gain in the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a reason to search for new approaches to the diagnosis of its progression. Air pollution causes an additional burden on COPD patients, contributing to the progression of this pathology. The study of mechanisms of its impact on the inflammatory response in COPD is an urgent task. The aim is to establish the dynamics of expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6 and their membrane receptors (IL-4R, IL-6R) in blood T-helpers during COPD progression in patients living in areas with the high technogenic load. Material and methods. Vladivostok was chosen as a region with significant technogenic air pollution - the amount of air pollutants is 59.9 thousand tons per year, with 80% related to vehicle emissions; the surface layer of air is characterized by a predominance of particles less than 10 µm, which are the most pathogenic for the respiratory system. Patients with stable mild (36), moderate (52 ) and severe COPD (24) patients living in Vladivostok for at least 5 years were examined. The control group consisted of healthy volunteers living in the same area (32cases). The levels of IL-4, IL-6 in plasma and the number of T-helper cells expressing IL-4R and IL-6R were determined by flow cytometry. Results. A decline in serum IL-4 concentration and an increase in serum IL-6 level in COPD patients living under constant air pollution has been found. A decrease in IL-4R expression in blood T-helpers at all COPD stages and the gain in IL-6R synthesis in blood T-helpers during the progression of COPD were established. Conclusion. Data on the expression of IL-6R and IL-4R on circulating T-helpers can be used to diagnose the progression of COPD in patients living in urbanized areas.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFETIME RATES AND INCORPORATION OF PLUTONIUM-235 IN ATOMIC PRODUCTION WORKERS
Authors: Telnov Vitaliy I. , Lyogkikh I. V. , Okatenko P. V.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The objective of the study was the quantitative assessment of the effect of internal exposure to the lifetime in Mayak PA workers based on analyzing the dependence of certain lifetime rates on the incorporation of plutonium-239. Material and methods. There was investigated a cohort of deceased Mayak PA workers employed in 1948-1958 with known Pu-239 body burden comprising 2343 individuals, including 1739 males and 604 females. Using regression analysis we have assessed the dependence of general lifetime and lifetime after the start of work as well as of proportion of individuals who did not survive until standard age in general and after a start of work from incorporated Pu-239 separately for workers of different age. Statistical values were defined using STATISTICA software. Results. It was stated that for 1 kBq of incorporated Pu-239: a general lifetime in males decreased by 0.32 years and after a start of work - by 0.41 years; in females - by 0.22 and 0.28 years respectively. For 1 kBq of incorporated Pu-239 proportion of males who did not survive until 65 years of general lifetime and proportion of males who did not survive 40 years after a start of work increased by 1.33 and 1.87% respectively; in females for 70 and 45 years - by 0.90 and 1.14% respectively. Conclusion. Thus, the workers’ dependence of lifetime after a start of work on incorporated Pu-239 was higher than of a general lifetime. A proportion of workers who did not survive until the standard age after the start of work was higher than the proportion of workers who did not survive until a general standard age. Dependence of decrease of lifetime rates under the study from incorporated Pu-239 in males was more significant than in females.
HYGIENIC REGULATION FOR JOINTLY ACTING HARMFUL FACTORS AND METHODOLOGY OF ITS EXPERIMENTAL RATIONALE
Authors: Katulskiy Yury N.
Published: April 2020

With the combined action of agents, the toxic effect depends not only on the time and effects levels of each of them but also on the combinations in which these levels are located. The main problems in the experimental substantiation of hygienic regulations for this type of action are the determination of this dependence, the establishment with its help of safe combinations of exposure levels and their description. In the work methods of their solution are offered. This dependence is recommended to be obtained in the economical experiments proposed by the theory of mathematical planning. It is represented by a system of regression equations describing the dose dependencies observed at different moments after the onset of the impact (when indices are removed). In this case, the toxic effect is estimated by two indices, reflecting the degree of deviation of the state of the body of the experimental animals from the norm and the probability of this deviation. Effective and ineffective combinations are determined by this system of equations when substituting in them the values of the toxic effect corresponding to its presence or absence. In turn, hygienically safe combinations are determined by a system describing ineffective combinations of exposure levels that include stock coefficients that are reasonable for each agent. This system can be adopted as an experimentally valid hygiene regulation, which has the following advantages. It is determined by the results of the study of the joint rather than isolated action of agents, does not require the fulfillment of any conditions about the nature of this action (isoadditivity, etc.), and also takes into account not only the degree of deviation of the state of the organism of the experimental animals from the norm, but also the probability this deviation. In order to obtain the necessary information, we propose plans for experiments in which the number of groups of experimental animals is only one more than the number of cooperative agents. An example of the proposed approach is given.
Biblioteki w systemie powiatowej oświaty pozaszkolnej w okresie międzywojennym. Na przykładzie powiatu kaliskiego i tureckiego
Authors: Andrysiak Ewa
Published: April 2020

The topic of the paper are the contests of a document, titled ”Guidelines for arranging and conducting non-formal education” and activities based on it which were conducted in Kalisz and Turek district. The paper presents the works of education authorities which were led in the interwar period in a more or less spontaneous way and sets some rules of non-formal educational work, as one of the most important fragments of Polish education within this time period. Big emphasis was placed on the activities of libraries which were an essential element of supporting non-formal education. The author of the work describes the forms and methods of the library work for the non-formal education, showing the less known side of the library and educational activities, conducted by the newly-reborn Polish state.
Public libraries for children in Poland 1918-1939 – assumptions and reality
Authors: Lewandowicz-Nosal Grażyna
Published: April 2020

The article attempts to reconstruct the assumptions and ideas that influenced the creation and organization of public libraries for children in the interwar period in Poland. On the basis of press articles and archival materials, two models of child reader support were described (Łódź model – creation of book rental, and Warsaw model – creation of readers), as well as foreign models (French and American) used by the founders of these institutions, taken over by the emerging Polish libraries. In the final part, there is a reference to war and just a post-war history of children’s libraries. The names of the creators of the idea of children’s librarianship in the Second Polish Republic were recalled (among others, Helena Radlińska, Jan Augustyniak, Maria Gutry, Jadwiga Filipkowska-Szemplińska and others)
Naked eye: memoirs and diaries as a historical source material for studying the history of Belarusian press in the Second Polish Republic.
Authors: Sluka Nadzeya
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the particular kind of documentary sources for the history of the Belarusians in the Second Polish Republic – memoirs and diaries. The memoirs of Liudvika Vojcik, Janka Bagdanowič, Marjan Pieciukievič, and also the diaries of Maksim Tank and Piotr Siaŭruk are reviewed. The article concludes that personal writings provide unique information about the Belarusian national movement and the Belarusian press that can be applied in further historical research.
Characteristics of the Polish film press market in the academic literature: from the first film journals until 1939
Authors: Zawisza Anita
Published: April 2020

The Polish film press in the first half of the 20th century (1913-1939) tried to find its place in the Polish publishing market. Inspired by film thought and still developing Polish and global cinematography, the Polish press wanted to uphold true art. However, the times of censorship, interference of state authorities, fragile publishing politics, and omnipresent commercialism have all strongly influenced the history of the Polish film press. The article mainly presents the history and characteristics of film journals, dividing them into those loyal to the art of cinematography, as well as those that have been commercially influenced by film in general. It describes their profiles, forms, language, as well as editorial policy of individual editorial offices used to get valuable readers.
Kate Raworth - Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st Century Economist (2017)
Authors: Ross Florian
Published: April 2020

What if we started economics not with established theories, but with humanity´s long-term goals and how to achieve them? This is the question, Kate Raworth asks in her book “Doughnut Economics”. She criticizes that our economical acts and decisions are based on the economic theories of the 1960s, which are mainly focused on a continuous and infinite growth. She suggests an update to the 21st century economy, which accounts not just for our well- being and prosperity, but for that of our planet as well. To make the missing factors in classic economies visible, she developed a “Doughnut Model”, which includes twelve aspects of our social foundation, as well as nine planetary boundaries and explains that the ideal space of our economy is between these two elements. Her work is a wake-up call to transform our capitalist worldview, which is targeting to growth, into a more balanced, sustainable perspective that allows both humans and the planet to thrive.
Determinants of Adopting a Zero Waste Consumer Lifestyle
Authors: Săplăcan Zsuzsa , Márton Brigitta
Published: April 2020

As of 2019, Euromonitor International predicted that one of the most emerging consumer trends would be the aspiration and acting for a plastic-free world. The concept of Zero waste has been widely discussed in production technology and waste management literature, however, in recent years environmentally conscious consumers also decided to get more involved in concrete - and sometimes radical - waste reduction actions, even lifestyle changes. These initiatives were also supported by the authorities by banning certain single-use plastic items in the European Union by 2021. Media and social media personalities also have thematized the waste pollution problem and have brought closer to the population the principles of zero waste lifestyle. While the environmentally conscious consumer behavior has been researched widely before, the diffusion of zero waste principles at household level has not been in the researchers’ focus. The present study aims to conceptualize and then identify the dimensions and the determinants of a zero waste consumer lifestyle. Questionnaire-based research has been delivered on a sample of 378 people active in zero waste social media groups in Hungary. Our results reveal that the waste reduction initiatives are the most important components of the zero waste behavior; however, dimensions of reusing and recycling products, packages or waste are also identified. The zero waste consumer is driven by altruistic motivations, is nonconformist, guided by his own values and convictions, shows positive attitude towards zero wasters’ efforts, follows social media influencers’ videos in zero waste matters and is active in social media groups.
Responsible Recruiting in Insurance Sales
Authors: Hinrichs Gerriet
Published: April 2020

Recruiting processes imply a considerable potential for waste of resources, both in general and in the insurance sales area focused here. A comprehensible measure for sustainability in sales was identified and information offers of large German insurers on job offers in the field of sales force were analysed. While the recruitment of lateral entrants has no measurable influence on sustainable sales, clear correlations between the information offered for future salespeople and sustainable results were found. In addition, a clear negative correlation between multi-level marketing and sustainable insurance sales was found.
THE GRAMMATICAL SHIFT IN TRANSLATING CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTION FROM INDONESIAN INTO ENGLISH IN ANDREA HIRATA’S NOVEL “LASKAR PELANGI AND THE RAINBOW TROOPS”
Authors: Mariam Cucu , Vonti Lungguh Halira
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to find causative construction in Indonesian and English in the novel Laskar Pelangi and the translation of The Rainbow Troops by Andrea Hirata, analyse and examine in depth the equivalence and grammatical incompatibility of the translation of the causative construction, and describe the shift in grammatical equivalence of the translation of causative constructs from Indonesian into English. The method used in this study is content analysis with a qualitative approach. This method is used to find facts about grammatical equivalence in the form of causative construction. The shift in the word level occurs at a higher level, namely the phrase, at the phrase level there is no shift, and at the level of the clause, there is a shift at a lower level, namely the phrase or higher level, namely the main clause and sentence. In the sentence level, the shift occurs in the type of sentence, into sentences that are wider or smaller, or into clauses. The novelty in this research is the grammatical equivalence of causative constructs in translation and its shift from Indonesian into English.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN DOSEN DAN MAHASISWA TERHADAP KINERJA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN
Authors: Safitri Nurlinda , Badruzzaman Nedin , Sukmanasa Elly
Published: April 2020

ANALYSIS OF SATISFACTION OF LECTURERS AND STUDENTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ELEMENTARY TEACHER EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAMS, UNIVERSITY OF PAKUAN.The quality of educational institutions is strongly influenced by input from various factors that influence it, including leadership policy factors, facilities supporting the teaching and learning process. The performance of study programs is one of the most important benchmarks of the success of education in a tertiary institution because it will determine the high or low quality of education in tertiary institutions. Lecturers and students often complain about the policies implemented by study programs, especially about the facilities and facilities in the classroom that are not good so that the learning process becomes less conducive. The impact of the problem about dissatisfaction on the performance of the study program is shown by its uncomfortable learning behavior. The purpose of this study is to find out how the study program performance is assessed by lecturers and students, and to find out what indicators of lecturer and student satisfaction have been carried out by Elementary Teacher Education (PGSD) Study Programs. To analyze the satisfaction of lecturers and students on the performance of PGSD Study Programs with qualitative methods with descriptive designs. The results showed that lecturers and students' satisfaction with PGSD Study Programs services was in the quite satisfied range. In general, students felt quite satisfied with PGSD Study Programs services. Students feel quite satisfied with tangible aspects, reliability, assurance, and empathy. The study program performance was responded to very satisfied by lecturers and students. In general, lecturers and students are quite satisfied with the service performance of PGSD Study Programs, but there are still some indicators that still require the attention of PGSD Study Programs, especially in the tangible, reliability, assurance, and empathy aspects.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ DEĞERLENDİRME TERCİHLERİ İLE ÖLÇME VE DEĞERLENDİRME GENEL YETERLİK ALGILARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: KARADUMAN Betül , YANPAR YELKEN Tuğba
Published: April 2020

Araştırmanın amacı; öğretmen adaylarının değerlendirme
tercihleri ile ölçme ve değerlendirme genel yeterlik algılarını belirlemektir.
Araştırma tarama modelinde yürütülmüştür. 
Araştırmanın evrenini, bir devlet üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesi
bünyesindeki lisans programlarına kayıtlı tüm öğretmen adayları
oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılar, seçkisiz olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden
tabakalı amaçsal örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada lisans
programları tabakalamada ölçüt olarak ele alınmış ve 4. Sınıfa devam eden,
toplam 262 öğretmen adayı katılımcı olarak belirlenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı
olarak; 1994 yılında Birenbaum tarafından geliştirilen ve 2008 yılında Gülbahar
ve Büyüköztürk tarafından Türkçe’ ye uyarlan “Değerlendirme Tercihleri Ölçeği” ve 2008 yılında Nartgün tarafından
geliştirilen “Öğretmen Adayları İçin
Ölçme Ve Değerlendirme Genel Yeterlik
Algısı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler tek yönlü ANOVA analiz
tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, öğretmen adayları genel
olarak; süreç odaklı değerlendirme türlerini tercih etmektedirler. Ayrıca
kendilerini ölçme ve değerlendirme konusunda orta düzeyde yeterli
algılamaktadırlar.
A LATE MIOCENE – EARLY PLIOCENE PARATETHYAN TYPE OSTRACOD FAUNA FROM THE DENIZLI BASIN (SW ANATOLIA) AND ITS PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS
Authors: RAUSCH LEA , STOICA MARIUS , LAZAREV SERGEI
Published: April 2020

The upper Miocene – lower Pliocene sedimentary succession of the Denizli Basin (SW Anatolia) displays a unique record of undisturbed stratigraphy and provides an excellent opportunity to study long-term palaeoecological changes. This paper documents the ostracod assemblages of two sections of the Neogene Kolankaya Formation, resulting in the following taxonomic, palaeobiogeographic and ecological interpretations. The ostracod assemblages from the two sections consist of a mixture of oligohaline to mesohaline tolerant taxa but expose fundamental differences in their composition. This is reflected by the fact that out of 32 determined species, both sections only have 3 in common. In the stratigraphic older succession, the diverse ostracod fauna resembles taxa known from the Paratethys. Faunal relations to the brackish lake habitats of the Euxinic and Pannonian basins are apparent and the palaeobiogeographic significance of the fauna is discussed. The ostracod association of the younger section indicates a low brackish water habitat with fluctuating salinities, most likely in the oligohaline range. The ostracod assemblage of the Kolankaya Formation only permits a broad age assignment to the late Miocene – early Pliocene.
Sri Rahayu ( sejarah pendidikan di Indonesia)
Authors: Rahayu Sri
Published: April 2020

Pada tulisan ini saya membahasa mengenai sejarah pendidikan di Indonesia, mulai dari datang nya agama Hindu-budha ke Indonesia yang datang membawa ilmu pengetahuan dengan cara berdagang dan menyiarkan agamanya. Dilanjutkan dengan masuknya agama Islam ke Indonesia,disini pendidikan sudah mulai bersistem dengan adanya guru pengajar juga kurikulum yang mengatur seperti di madrasah. Pendidikan di Indonesia juga datang melalui bangsa Eropa yaitu Belanda , Portugis, Jepang ,mereka mendirikan sekolah bagi para pribumi dan sekalian menyiarkan agamanya. Dari peristiwa tersebut juga penulis menyampaikan tentang konsep IPS yang berkaitan dengan peristiwa tersebut
MUHAMMAD AMRULLAH HIDAYAT 1810111310012
Authors: HIDAYAT MUHAMMAD AMRULLAH
Published: April 2020

Hasil analisis dokumen untuk pernyataan 1 A. Model pengembangan perangkat ini seperti yang disarankan oleh Thiagarajan, Semmel dan Semmel. Model ini terdiri dari 4 tahap pengembangan yaitu Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate atau diadaptasikan dalam bahasa Indonesia menjadi Model 4-P, yaitu pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan penyebaran (Ibrahim, 2003). 1) Tahap Pendefinisian (define), ada 5 langkah pokok di dalam tahap ini, yaitu: a) Analisis ujung depan, dengan mempertimbangkan kurikulum yang berlaku. Langkah ini dilakukan untuk memahami apa yang diinginkan oleh kurikulum dan bagaimana kurikulum dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran. b) Analisis siswa, dengan memperhatikan ciri, kemampuan, pengalaman siswa. Analisis siswa berguna untuk merancang pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kondisi siswa. Dengan analisis ini pembelajaran akan dirancang agar menempatkan siswa sesuai dengan kapasitasnya, sehingga pembelajaran yang dilakukan tidak membuat siswa merasa terbebani atau terpaksa, melainkan siswa merasa perlu untuk mengikuti pembelajaran. c) Analisis tugas, mencakup: analisis struktur isi, analisis prosedural. Kedua hal tersebut harus dirumuskan dengan jelas, agar siswa dapat mengerjakan tugas dengan tepat sesuai yang diinginkan guru. d) Analisis konsep, mengidentifikasi konsep-konsep yang akan diajarkan, menghasilkan peta konsep. Bisa dikatakan bahwa menyampaikan konsep adalah salah satu bagian tersulit dalam pembelajaran. Dalam banyak materi pembelajaran sejarah konsep tidak dapat disampaikan secara langsung, melainkan harus dibungkus dengan cerita/fakta yang terjadi.
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Sosiodrama Terhadap Ke Aktifan Belajar Siswa Kelas XI IPS 1 SMA Negeri 2 Kuala Kapuas Pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Purwanti Indah
Published: April 2020

Metode Pembelajaran Sosiodrama adalah metode pembelajaran bermainperan untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan fenomena sosial, permasalahan yang menyangkut hubungan antara manusia seperti masalah kenakalan remaja, narkoba, gambaran keluarga yang otoriter, dan lain sebagainya. Sosiodrama digunakan untuk memberikan pemahaman dan penghayatan akan masalah-masalah sosial serta mengembangkan kemampuan siswa untuk memecahkannya.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL INQUIRY BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI PROKLAMASI DAN PROSES TERBENTUKNYA NKRI DI SMAN 1 AMUNTAI KELAS 12 IPS 3
Authors: Muhammad Maulana
Published: April 2020

Salah satu mata pelajaran yang menuntut kemampuan berpikir siswa adalah mata pelajaran sejarah. Menurut Ismaun dalam Abdullah Taufik sejarah adalah pengetahuan tentang kisah mengenai peristiwa-peristiwa yang benar-benar terjadi atau berlangsung dalam segala aspeknya pada masa lampau.
Jawaban MidTest Strategi Pembelajaran
Authors: Megayanto Mohammad Teguh Yogi
Published: April 2020

Hasil analisis dokumen untuk pernyataan 1 a. Kemampuan berpikir historis memiliki kaitan erat dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme. Model belajar berpikir historis ini adalah penyederhanaan dari model latihan penelitian yang kemudian dapat digunakan dalam penelitian sesungguhnya. Dengan memperhatikan dan menyesuaikan aspek-aspek penting dalam konstruktivisme dan keterampilan berpikir, model latihan penelitian dapat dirancang untuk melatih kemampuan berpikir historis peserta didik. Dalam melatih kemampuan berpikir historis ini, model pembelajaran yang sangat cocok untuk digunakan adalah model latihan penelitian. Jika cara penyampaiannya sesuai dan cocok, maka model ini akan menyesuaikan dengan latihan berpikir historis peserta didik. b. Selama kita berpikir kritis kepada suatu peristiwa, berarti kita telah fokus terharap peristiwa tersebut. Fokus dan kemudian memperluas pandangan dari apa saja yang membuat sebuah peristiwa sejarah terjadi kemudian membuat kita berhasil menerapkan kemampuan berpikir historis. Dengan menggunakan model penelitian yang konstruktiv, maka kita telah berhasil menggunakan cara berpikir kritis untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir historis dalam mempelajari sejarah.
Revisi PROPOSAL SKRIPSI HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA BLOG DENGAN MINAT BACA SEJARAH SISWA KELAS X JURUSAN IPS SMAN 13 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Qina Khalida Riz
Published: April 2020

Pendidikan merupakan sebuah aktifitas yang memiliki maksud atau tujuan tertentu yang diarahkan untuk mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki manusia baik sebagai manusia ataupun sebagai masyarakat dengan sepenuhnya. Dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) pendidikan berasal dari kata dasar didik (mendidik), yaitu : memelihara dan memberi latihan (ajaran, pimpinan) mengenai akhlak dan kecerdasan pikiran. Sedangkan pendidikan mempunyai pengertian : proses pengubahan sikap dan tata laku seseorang atau kelompok orang dalam usaha mendewasakan manusia melalui upaya pengajaran dan latihan, proses perbuatan, cara mendidik. Ki Hajar Dewantara mengartikan pendidikan sebagai daya upaya untuk memajukan budi pekerti, pikiran serta jasmani anak, agar dapat memajukan kesempurnaan hidup yaitu hidup dan menghidupkan anak yang selaras dengan alam dan masyarakatnya. Pendidikan lebih dari sekedar pengajaran, yang dapat dikatakan sebagai suatu proses transfer ilmu, transformasi nilai, dan pembentukan kepribadian dengan segala aspek yang dicakupnya. Dengan demikian pengajaran lebih berorientasi pada pembentukan spesialis atau bidang bidang tertentu, oleh karena itu perhatian dan minatnya lebih bersifat teknis
UTS MK STRATEGI NORMA'RIFAH 1810111120013
Authors: NORMARIFAH
Published: April 2020

UTS MK STRATEGI NORMA'RIFAH 1810111120013
Jawaban Midle Test Strategi Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Alodia Illona
Published: April 2020

Tugas ini untuk memenuhi nilai mata kuliah Strategi Pembelajaran Sejarah.
IMPACTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN INFLUENCING PUBLIC OPINION IN THE MUSLIM COMMUNITIES
Authors: Mohammed Adam Abdullahi , Inusa Ali
Published: April 2020

The paper examined the impacts of social media in influencing public opinion in Muslim communities. Invariably, public opinion is a vital tool for government, politicians, and decision-makers in all communities, including Muslims’. Social media is a powerful and strong machine to mold, shape, and influence public opinion. In developing this paper data were obtained from a secondary source, meaning data were generated from several documentaries such as- books, journals, newspapers, magazines, archives, etc. From the available literature, the study found that the mass media in general, and the social media in particular, are very important in making and influencing public opinion in the society, especially the Muslim communities. To explain the topic under study the researchers adopted two theories; culturists and Class-dominant Theories. The theories claim that people interact with media to create their own meanings out of the images and messages they receive. This theory sees audiences as playing an active rather than a passive role in relation to social media. In addition, the assumption of these theories is that social media replicates and plans the view of a marginal elite, which controls the system to influence people's opinions. The researcher recommended that politicians, governments, and policymakers should pay much attention to social media and to use them wisely in a positive way, for their own good and for the benefit of their communities in particular and the society at large.
MICROALGAE IN THE DIET OF EUCYPRIS MAREOTICA (CRUSTACEA, OSTRACODA) IN THE HYPERSALINE LAKE CHERSONESSKOYE (CRIMEA)
Authors: Anufriieva Elena V. , Balycheva Daria S. , Vdodovich Irina V. , Shadrin Nickolai V.
Published: April 2020

In the Crimea, there are many hypersaline lakes and lagoons, where Eucypris mareotica (Ostracoda), high halotolerant species, inhabit. Despite the wide distribution of the species and the abundance of its populations, little is known about the biology of E. mareotica, including its nutrition. Diversity of microalgae in gut of E. mareotica in Lake Chersonesskoye was studied. The crustaceans ate both phytoplankton and alga, which growth on cladophora filaments, as well as various small animals, but microalgae played a main role in their nutrition. The proportion of individuals, which had algae in intestines, ranged in a sample from 0 to 93%. In 335 analyzed individuals, 22 species of microalgae were found, which belong to 4 types, 4 classes and 11 orders. Of these, 4 species belong to the type Cyanobacteria, 3 – to Myzozoa, 4 – to Haptophyta, 11 – to Ochrophyta. The most common species was Peridinium cinctum. Given the availability of a wide variety of consumed microalgae, ostracod gut content analysis can be used to assess species diversity of microalgae in the lakes.
FIRST RECORDS OF FOUR APHIDS (HEMIPTERA: APHIDOIDEA) FROM MACEDONIA
Authors: Murányi Dávid
Published: April 2020

Four aphid species Anoecia (Anoecia) corni (Fabricius, 1775), Amphorophora (Amphorophora) ampullata Buckton, 1876, Pterocomma italica Barbagallo & Stroyan, 1978 and Lachnus pallipes (Hartig, 1841) are reported for the first time from the (FY) Republic of Macedonia. All represents the first species of their genus from the country, as well as the first species of the tribe Lachnini and the subfamily Anoeciinae. Pterocomma italica is new for the Balkan Peninsula. Distinctive morphological characters of the Macedonian specimens of the four species are illustrated.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF VALLONIA PULCHELLA (MULLER, 1774) ECOLOGICAL NICHE IN TECHNOSOLS (NIKOPOL MANGANESE ORE BASIN, UKRAINE)
Authors: Yorkina Nadia , Maslikova Katerina , Kunah Olga , Zhukov Olexandr
Published: April 2020

The ecological niche of Vallonia pulchella (Muller, 1774) was investigated by means of the general factor analysis of GNESFA. It was revealed that the ecological niche of a micromollusk is determined by both edaphic factors and ecological features of vegetation. Ecological niche optima may be presented by integral variables such as marginality and specialization axes and may be plotted in geographic space. The spatial distribution of the Vallonia pulchella habitat suitability index (HSI) within the Technosols (sod-lithogenic soils on red-brown clays) is shown, which allows predicting the optimal conditions for the existence of the species.
BARSINE VINHPHUCENSIS SP. NOV. FROM VIETNAM (LEPIDOPTERA: EREBIDAE: ARCTIINAE: LITHOSIINI)
Authors: Spitsyn Vitaly M. , Kondakov Alexander V. , Tomilova Alena A. , Pham Nhi Thi , Bolotov Ivan N.
Published: April 2020

Barsine vinhphucensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) has been discovered from mountain tropical forest of northern Vietnam. The new species differs from all the other members of the genus by a characteristic pattern and male genitalia structure. It appears to be a local endemic species of the Tam Dao Mountain Range.
DELIMITATION OF MEDITERRANEAN GENUS IBERATTUS GEN. N., WITH COMMENTS ON GENUS SAITIS (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE)
Authors: Prószyński Jerzy , Noordam Aart , Oger Pierre , Schäfer Michael
Published: April 2020

The paper delimits Iberattus gen. n. from France, Portugal and Spain and discusses classification of Saitis imitans, both species characterized by possession of a rare, three-chambered spermathecae. In the methodological layer paper is a test of the proposed new research protocol, including a shift to macrophotography of live specimens, whenever possible.New informal subgroup: SAITEAE PrószyńskiNew genera: Iberattus gen. n. Overdue nomenclatorical correction:“Chalcoscirtus” diminutus Edwards, 2003a: 71 = “Euophrys” diminuta  (Banks, 1896) (see note on p. 96). Nomenclatorical changes: Euophrys semiglabrata (Simon, 1868) = Iberattus semiglabratus (Simon, 1868) comb. n.Species pending transfer to new genera: "Saitis" ariadneae Logunov, 2001, "Saitis" mutans Otto & Hill, 2012, "Saitis" sengleti (Metzner, 1999), "Saitis" virgatus Otto & Hill, 2012.
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN PSEUDOPUS APODUS (REPTILIA: SAURIA: ANGUIDAE) FROM THE STEPPE CRIMEA
Authors: Kukushkin Oleg V. , Dovgal Igor V.
Published: April 2020

The current paper is focused on sexual dimorphism of a giant glass lizard, or sheltopusik, Pseudopus apodus apodus (Pallas, 1775) from its northernmost populations inhabiting the Crimea. In total, 72 P. apodus individuals (45 males and 27 females) were collected at the Kerch Peninsula during 2013–2017. To estimate the variability, 13 morphometric parameters and 18 indices characterizing the head and body proportions were used. It was found that males and females differed significantly by means of almost all parameters, except the body and tail sizes. Besides that, the differences by 10 ratios characterizing head proportions were revealed as well. However, a reliable determination of the lizard sex using linear sizes and/or ratios values seems to be impossible because of the strong overlap of the variability ranges in both sexes. At the same time, the use of the canonical discriminant analysis by the complex of morphometric parameters and by ratios has shown that the males and females in both datasets are classified correctly basing on the sex with an accuracy approximating 100%. The differences in the allometric growth of males and females partially define the sexual dimorphism of P. apodus on head size and shape. A sex-related differences in the development of at least one pair of parameters (head and snout lengths) were clearly evident, since isometry was established for males, while allometry ‒ for females. Moreover, the systems of correlation between the body and head parts differ in both sexes. Thus, male characterisitics correlate significanly, while the female ones were less toughly connected, and some pairs of parameters did not correlate at all.
A NEW PSEUDAMNICOLA (GASTROPODA: HYDROBIIDAE) FROM THE ISLAND OF LIMNOS (GREECE)
Authors: Glöer Peter , Stefanov Tihomir , Georgiev Dilian
Published: April 2020

Many Pseudamnicola species have been found in the Aegean Islands reported by Szarowska et al. (2015) and Radea et al. (2015), all regional endemic. We found an additional Pseudamnicola from the island of Limnos and described this species here as new for science. The holotype and two paratypes are depicted in addition to the penis, which is characteristic for the genus Pseudamnicola. A map of all hitherto mentioned Pseudamnicola taxa is given.
Contribution to the Knowledge of the Balkan Lepidoptera: Nocturnal Lepidoptera of Western Serbia (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Beshkov Stoyan , Nahirnić Ana
Published: April 2020

Here are presented all data of the authors from five nights collecting in western Serbia at four localities. 401 species collected at light from 13 families are reported. Six species: Catoptria pauperellus (Treitschke, 1832), Macaria wauaria (Linnaeus, 1758), Charissa ambiguata (Duponchel, 1830), Charissa graecaria (Staudinger, 1871), Colostygia aptata (Hübner, 1813) and Eupithecia pimpinellata (Hübner, 1813) are new for Serbia.  Seven other species are reported for a second time for the country. With illustrations of moths and their genitalia.
Analisis Nilai Ekonomi Pengembangan Ekowisata Kawasan Danau Limboto Menggunakan Travel Cost Method Approach
Authors: Noho Yumanraya , Wijaya Rendy , Anugrah Krishna
Published: April 2020

Konsep ekowisata merupakan pengembangan pariwisata yang mendukung upaya pelestarian lingkungan (alam dan budaya), melibatkan dan menguntungkan masyarakat setempat, serta menguntungkan secara komserial. Danau Limboto sebagai salah satu sumberdaya alam yang sangat penting yakni gudang plasma nutfah yang menyumbang potensi sumberdaya genetik serta memiliki nilai estetika yang cukup tinggi sangat tepat apabila dikembangkan dengan konsep ekowisata. Oleh karena itu usulan penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa seberapa besar nilai ekonomi pengembangan ekowisata kawasan Danau Limboto secara detail. Usulan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Travel Cost Method Approach untuk menganalisis Nilai Ekonomi Pengembangan Ekowisata Kawasan Danau Limboto, Kabupaten Gorontalo, Provinsi Gorontalo.
Model Participation Action Research Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
Authors: Rahmat Abdul , Mirnawati Mira
Published: April 2020

Tulisan ini akan menguraikan tentang action research (penelitian tindakan) sebagai salah satu alternatif  metode penelitian  dalam studi dan aksi pemberdayaan  masyarakat.  Penelitian tindakan didasarkan kepada asumsi bahwa penelitian harus dihubungkan dengan agenda perubahan dalam masyarakat. Penelitian tindakan dilakukan tidak hanya untuk memperoleh kebenaran semata namun juga menciptakan kondisi yang diharapkan. Penelitian tindakan dapat digunakan secara efektif dalam kajian maupun aksi pemberdayaan masyarakat mengingat karakteristiknya yang mementingkan partisipasi warga masyarakat secara aktif. Melalui penelitian tindakan akan dapat dihasilkan formula yang sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat dalam melakukan upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat.
Pengembangan Sense Of Humor Dan Pengaruhnya Pada Emosi Anak
Authors: Jamin Nunung Suryana
Published: April 2020

Permasalahan emosi yang tidak terkontrol pada anak-anak masa kini menjadi masalah serius yang tidak boleh dianggap ringan oleh guru maupun orang tua. Lingkungan yang cepat berubah dan teknologi yang seharusya memudahkan aktivitas anak disisi lain malah memberikan dampak negatif pada sisi emosi anak. Tujuan kajian pustaka ini untuk memberikan gambaran pengembangan sense of humor pada anak dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap emosi anak. Sense of humor tidak hanya dimiliki oleh orang dewasa, tetapi juga dimiliki oleh anak-anak. Rasa cemas, takut, dan stres yang dialami anak akibat tekanan dan harapan orang tua dan guru yang berlebihan membuat humor bisa jadi sarana bantuan katarsis emosi anak. Sense of humor yang baik membuat anak diliputi keceriaan dan suasana hati bahagia. Hal ini mendorong perkembangan emosi anak jadi lebih seimbang. Pengembangan sense of humor anak dapat dilatih melalui permainan badut-badutan, permainan kata-kata lucu, dan permainan kekanak-kanakan. Ada empat upaya orang tua dan guru dalam mengembangkan sense of humor anak, yaitu: (1) menjadi model humor; (2) perhatikan serius humor dari anak; (3) ajarkan anak bahwa orang dewasa juga bisa lebih lucu lagi; (4) Menciptakan lingkungan yang kaya humor.
Historical Look at Indian Healthcare Professionals in the NHS
Authors: Bhala Balmukund , Bhala Aruna , Bhala Neeraj
Published: April 2020

Doctors and nurses from the Indian subcontinent have been working in the UK healthcare sector for over a 100 years. Initially only open to Europeans, Indians were allowed to enter the Indian Medical Service (IMS) in 1855, although the requisite was that they had to sit exams based in London and had to be registered with the General Medical Council (GMC). At the time there were many schools training Indian doctors, but only as licentiates. In relation to medical education, through pressure applied by the IMS, indigenous courses for the training of Indian doctors were abolished and several medical colleges, modelled along western pedagogic styles, were established. The staff of all these colleges were appointed from the IMS and their methods of instruction were virtually indistinguishable from those practised in England and Scotland. Indian degrees were recognised in 1892 by the GMC and this recognition persisted until 1975, with a short interlude in the mid-1930s when there was a dispute between the GMC and the Government of India about the quality of Indian medical education. 1
Invisible Culture of Discrimination
Authors: Mathew Satheesh
Published: April 2020

A recent ITV news item featured Radhakrishna Shanbag, a senior surgeon with over 20 years of service in the NHS, being asked, ‘Please can I have a white doctor for my operation?’, by one his patient’s 1 . Any form of racism is both painful and upsetting, however to a dedicated professional it throws a much greater challenge. To remain professional, composed and objective in the face of adversity, is ingrained in medical training. One is also expected to provide the very best of care ‘free from all bias’ at all times to all comers. As in this case, professionals have no choice but to swallow the insults and provide alternatives to get the best possible outcome, suppressing the impact on self-worth and devastating emotional trauma.
Cardiac Autonomic Control in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis During the Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test
Authors: de Andrade Junior Antonio Beira , Ferreira Arthur de Sá , Assis Ana Carolina Brandão , Nascimento Leila Paula Alves da Silva , Ribeiro Christiane Fialho , Papathanasiou Jannis Vasileios , Lopes Agnaldo José
Published: April 2020

Background: Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is one of the most common complications in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which can be assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Because the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in orchestrating the cardiovascular response to stressors, assessing HRV during exercise is critical. The Glittre Activities of Daily Living test (GA-T) was recently proposed as a multitask field test that requires the performance of the upper and lower limbs, both of which are affected in individuals with RA. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate autonomic impairment by HRV in women with RA using the GA-T and to correlate these changes with physical functioning and muscle strength. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 20 women (median [interquartile range]: age 55 [47.5 - 68.8] years) with RA (time since diagnosis: 15 [6.50 - 23.5] years) who underwent HRV assessment during GA-T. They also underwent physical functioning assessment through the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and handgrip strength (HGS) and quadriceps strength (QS) measures. Results: The GA-T time exhibited significant correlations with the following HRV indices: root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD, rs = -0.451, P = 0.041), proportion of iRR differing by > 50 ms from previous intervals (pNN50, rs = -0.697, P = 0.0006), high frequency (HF, rs = -0.693, P = 0.0007), standard deviation of the points perpendicular to the line-of-identity (SD1, rs = -0.476, P = 0.034), and approximate entropy (ApEn, rs = 0.545, P = 0.013). In addition, the HAQ-DI exhibited significant correlations with the following HRV indices: pNN50 (rs = -0.467, P = 0.038) and HF (rs = -0.444, P = 0.049). We did not observe significant correlation between the HRV indices during the GA-T and the muscle strength measures (HGS and QS). Conclusions: In women with RA, the longer the required to perform the GA-T the worse their parasympathetic modulation, sympathetic-vagal imbalance, and complexity of the autonomic nervous system (i.e., increased index of ApEn) were. Physical functioning level was also related to vagal modulation.
Over Medication and Waste of Resources in Physicians’ Prescriptions: A Cross Sectional Study in Southwestern Iran
Authors: Heydari Mohammadreza , Mehraeen Morteza , Joulaei Hassan
Published: April 2020

Background: In the health services, financial resources are limited. An important way to save and prevent resources from going to waste is to use clinical guidelines. Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the wasted cost as a result of ignoring clinical guidelines for a typical disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Fars province. 392 physicians were enrolled in this study and were asked to write a prescription for a hypothetical patient with streptococcal sore throat. Prescriptions were priced and compared to standard treatment costs and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Mean, median and mode of prescribed drugs in each prescription was 3.1, 3.0 and 3.0, respectively. Only 8.4% of the prescriptions were in accordance with the clinical guidelines, and 12% had led to mistreatment. Usually, physicians with more experience prescribed more expensive medications, and 45.5% of the total medication cost had gone to waste. About 5% of household drugs are waste. Due to mistreatment, 2 patients developed acute rheumatic fever. Conclusions: Waste of recourses and patients out of pocket payment was high, which reduces patient’s ability for obtain other necessary healthcare services. Hence, training the physicians and developing clinical guidelines is an urgent necessity to prevent resources from being wasted.
Stabilization and DOB-based disturbance rejection for MBT gun-barrel elevation drive
Authors: KUSEYRİ İ. Sina
Published: April 2020

Control systems for main battle tanks become more important while the vehicles become more complex. Mobile vehicles in battlefield lead to the requirement of firing during the motion instead of pausing each time the main battle tank engages a target. This demand can be achieved by weapon control system that minimize the tank hull movement effects on the barrel. Systems designed for this stabilization task are basically closed loop servo systems that control the angular position of the barrel by using feedback signals produced by a rate gyroscope mounted on the barrel (breech) to measure its angular velocity. Second-generation control systems contain an extra gyro which feeds the tanks movement forward in the system to make the turret more sensitive and rapid against the disturbance due to tanks movement. In this paper we use a disturbance observer that do not require measurements of muzzle angular velocity and rough terrain caused disturbance due to tank movement. Designed observer eliminate the requirement for measurements of near-perfect feedforward signal.