bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The HYGIENIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF FRESH BEEF MEAT IN BUKAVU URBAN SLAUGHTERHOUSES, SOUTH KIVU PROVINCE OF THE LONG SALE CHAIN: POTENTIAL HEALTH RISKS FOR CONSUMERS EASTERN D.R. CONGO
Authors: Ombeni Justin Birhashwirwa , Babe Theophiline , Munyuli Theodore Mushambanyi , Kashosi Theophile Mitima , Mwangi Tresor Bahihima
Published: September 2019

Meat is generally subject to multiple sources of microbial contamination related to the length and complexity of their journey from farm to consumer's table. The purpose of this study is to assess the current hygienic quality level of fresh beef slaughtered in Bukavu urban slaughterhouses, South Kivu to identify the health dangers to consumers. The meat samples were taken from 78 carcasses into three periods: at the slaughterhouse, to the market at the end of the transport position of sale and butchery. Microorganisms were sought following appropriate ISO standards. Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (FAMT), total coliforms, staphylococcus and other enterobacteria were counted more (p<0.001) at the slaughterhouse and the market at the end of transportation to butchery Chi²: 64.90; 82.91 and 176.5, respectively; p<0.001). Hygienic quality of beef meat is poor, this study revealed a very high level of contamination of the collar and shoulder of  beef carcass analyzed from slaughterhouse to distribution location (p<0.001). The very high bacterial load of these products is observed at the slaughterhouse and the public market during carcasses transport, the lesser butchery. This charge varies as well according to the slaughterhouse where the sampling took place, site and date of collection, including public slaughterhouse, most visited by distributors and that of suburban is the most famous. Beef carcasses are contaminated almost at the end of the week (thursday) by pathogenic bacteria such as; Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella ssp., E. coli, coliforms and other Enterobacteriaceae represent a great danger of food poisoning to consumers, hence the need to implement an effective program against beef contamination, veal and respect for hygiene breeding farm, slaughterhouses, slaughter procedures, method of handling meat, and transport to the sale to consumer.
Biotherapeutic potential of dairy beverage supplemented with lactobacillus casei shirota for the control of canine hookworm
Authors: Coêlho Matheus Diniz Gonçalves , Silva Lívia Simões , Maciel Lucas Tobias Rodrigues , Moreira Carolina Laurindo , Paschoal Taís Cristina , Coêlho Francine Alves da Silva
Published: September 2019

Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are present in the homes of several families around the world, and are one of the animals with greater contact with humans, either as a guard dog or just as a pet. With this, they can transmit parasites to their owners, since dogs are natural hosts of several parasites, among them the helminths of Ancylostomidae family. Ancylostomiasis presents as main symptoms abdominal pain and anemia. The treatment is performed with anthelmintics, however, it was found that these parasites are acquiring resistance to current drugs, which makes necessary the development of alternative therapies. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a probiotic preparation containing 1x1010 CFU of Lactobacillus casei Shirota, administering 80 mL of this, for a group of four naturally infected dogs during 40 alternate days and, in parallel, administering a same volume during 30 consecutive days for a similar group of dogs. The protective effect was also evaluated by administering 80 ml of the preparation for a group of 5 healthy dogs for 30 consecutive days, which were maintained along with other infected animals. The number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) was determined every 7 days, noting possible changes. As results, it was observed the potential use of probiotics in the treatment of hookworm in dogs as an inexpensive alternative therapy, since the assessed preparation induced significant reduction of the parasitic load of infected animals (p <0.005) in comparison with the control group, but in the other hand it was not observed protective effect, since the parasitosis have established in the dogs which were pretreated with L. casei Shirota.
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF RICKETTSIAE INFECTING CAMELS AND IXODID TICKS IN EGYPT
Authors: Abdullah Hend H.A.M. , El-Molla Amal , Salib Fayez A. , Ghazy Alaa A. , Allam Nesreen A.T. , Sanad Yasser M. , Abdel-Shafy Sobhy
Published: September 2019

Rickettsioses including their pathogens, vectors, and hosts have an epidemiological importance and zoonotic importance. The objective of the present article was to define the prevalence and genotypic properties of Rickettsia in camels and their ticks in Egypt. Sixty one blood samples and 99 adult ticks were taken from camel hosts from Cairo, Giza and Sinai, during a period extending from 2013 to 2014. Based on the morphological identification of both male and female tick specimens, 91.9 % of the collected ticks were Hyalomma dromedarii. The prevalence of Rickettsia in camels using Gimenez staining technique and PCR was 0 and 41 %, respectively. The rickettsiae infection in ticks recorded 10.1 and 1.01 %, by Gimenez stain and PCR, respectively. Further, the phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on the sequences of OmpA and gltAgenes and three intergenic spacers (mppA, dksA and rpmE) of Rickettsia species. The phylogenetic analyses revealed a novel strain of Rickettsia africae in Hyalomma marginatum that was collected from camel in Sinai province. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis based on Clustal omega suggested that Rickettsia sequences which detected in camels were R. africae. Moreover, the highest Rickettsial infection rate was recorded in age groups of 17 to 19 years (80.0 %), Abady camel breeds (56.8 %) and ticks-infested camels (42.8 %). Concerning hematological changes, macrocytic anemia and leucopenia were recorded in camels with rickettsioses. The molecular characterization of Rickettsia detected in camels and their tick vectors will help in a better understanding of the epidemiological approach of rickettsioses in Egypt.
THE THE PREVALENCE OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS RECOVERED FROM READY-TO-EAT FOOD FROM RESTAURANTS IN OKADA, EDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Akpoka Obhioze Augustine , Stanley Imade Odaro , Okwu Maureen U. , Olatoye Solanke Ezekiel
Published: September 2019

This study assessed the microbiological quality of various ready-to-eat cooked food and their contact surfaces in selected restaurants in the university town of Okada, Edo state, Nigeria. Microbial analysis was carried out on the samples obtained from six restaurants. The restaurants sampled were the ones with the highest patronage within the study area. The results obtained indicated that most of the ready-to-eat food did not meet the required quality standards, and therefore, posed potential risks of foodborne infections to consumers. Exposure assessment was used to evaluate the level of hygiene practices in the selected restaurants with results indicating poor hygiene practice. The organisms isolated from the ready- to-eat cooked foods in the restaurants and their prevalence were, Bacillus species (12.50%), Enterobacter species (50.00%), Streptococcus species (12.50%), Micrococcus species (12.50%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.50%), from the food contact surfaces (Hands of ready-to-eat food servers) were, Enterobacter species (36.36%), Streptococcus (9.09%), Micrococcus (9.09%) Staphylococcus (45.46%) and ready-to-use serving plates (Streptococcus (33.33%) and Enterobacter sp. (50%). Haemolysis test was employed as a phenotypic marker of pathogenicity for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp. The prevalence of the pathogenic strains isolated from the ready-to-eat food were Streptococcus sp. (9.09%) and Staphylococcus sp. (45.46%) and that of the one isolated from the serving plate was Streptococcus sp. (33.33%).
TR OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR β-MANNANASE PRODUCTION BY BACILLUS CIRCULANS NT 6.7
Authors: RUNGRUANGSAPHAKUN JURAIRAT , Keawsompong Suttipun
Published: September 2019

Optimum medium for mannanase production is very important and producing medium has been shown effective for mannanase production from Bacillus circulans NT 6.7 but expensive.  This work aim to find low cost medium and optimum condition for mannanase production from Bacillus circulans NT 6.7. 1.5% concentration of defatted copra meal as carbon source in shake flask resulted in highest growth and enzyme activities of 10.51±0.53 Log CFU/ml and 12.84±4.38 U/ml at 18 hours accordingly. Also, 2% defatted copra meal in fermenter produced highest growth of 7.94±0.41 Log CFU/ml and enzyme activities of 32.07±2.94 U/ml at 15 hours. Using taguchi design, optimal conditions for inoculum, agitation and aeration were 1%, 600 rpm and 0.75 vvm, respectively. Under this optimized condition, the mannanase experimental yield (29.57±4.81U/ml) closely matched the yield predicted by the statistical model (24.15U/ml) with R2 = 0.75. Using mineral salts medium, slightly increased in mannanase product was observed compare to previously used producing medium. Also, the cost of using mineral salts medium (cost per liter) is 27 time lower than the cost of producing medium. Suggesting that, mineral salt medium provides an economically feasible medium for producing mannanase from Bacillus circulans NT 6.7.
DEGRADATION OF AZO DYE AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING YEAST MEDIATED MICROBIAL FUEL CELL
Authors: Yadav Sarita Ramsaran , Ragavan Mangala Lakshmi , Mandal Sanjeeb Kumar , Das Nilanjana
Published: September 2019

In the present study, the efficiency of yeast mediated microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated towards degradation of Trypan blue (azo dye) and electricity generation. Five yeast strains viz. SC1, SC2, SCD1, SCD2, and SCD3 were isolated from different sources. The internal resistance of yeast isolates was tested using ferric oxide reduction method. To maximize the power density of MFC, NaCl was added to the medium and NaCl tolerance of yeast strains was tested. Among the five isolates, SC1 and SCD2 showed maximum ferric oxide reduction and NaCl tolerance. Initially, 5 % of SC1 and SCD2 yeast culture were inoculated in wastewater containing azo dye (100 µg/ml) in a H-type MFC chamber and 250 ml conical flask used as a control. Increased growth of yeast strain in MFC chamber was noted compared to conical flask culture. The data of electricity generation was taken for 15 days and electricity generation was measured using the multimeter. Maximum electricity generation was noted in SC1 (950mV) followed by SCD2 (750mV). In addition, SC1 could degrade azo dye more efficiently than SCD2. Therefore, it may be concluded thatSC1 yeast mediated MFC can be used as a potential technology for electricity generation and degradation of azo dye in wastewater.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FLYING WIRELESS NETWORK WITH VANET ROUTING PROTOCOL
Authors: N. Bhalaji
Published: September 2019

The growing amount of vehicles on roadway is the key motivating the establishing of the road safety with comfort and undisturbed traffic flowing. Vehicular adhoc network is a trending wireless methodology that enable an unwired connection between the automobiles to have a highly secured driving with comfort. The vehicles connected wirelessly communicates with its nearby vehicle with the help of an on road circuitry and the mobile circuitry inside the automobile, sharing information either as caution preventing from unwanted fatalities or a guidance in travel. These automobile networks are crafted using the vehicles as their motile nodes and are instantaneously framed on the availability of the automobiles without the support of the ground stations may also be noted as flying wireless network due to their high motility. The conveyance between the vehicles is subjected to two strides. As a conveyance between automobile to automobile and the automobile to ground station. These wireless communication are to be pillared by the proper entrenchment of the message path to evade the unnecessary incidents. The prevailing methods of finding the path and to have formal delivery, suffers loss either by delaying incurred or the high bandwidth usage or reduced network life span with message losses. The proposed provides a well-engineered methodology to have enhanced reliable information sharing ensuring an infallible functioning with minimized delay, extended network lifespan, and an unfailing handing over to avoid the information losses provided with the optimized road safety and comfort. The proposed system is evaluated on the grounds of delay, network lifespan, and packet delivery ratio to confirm its well-ordered functioning when compared to the existing methods.
Experimental Observation of Ion–Ion Acoustic Instability Associated with Collisionless Shocks in Laser-produced Plasmas
Authors: Jiao J. L. , He S. K. , Zhuo H. B. , Qiao B. , Yu M. Y. , Zhang B. , Deng Z. G. , Lu F. , Zhou K. N. , Wang X. D. , Xie N. , Yang L. , Zhang F. Q. , Zhou W. M. , Gu Y. Q.
Published: September 2019

We report experimental evidence of ion–ion acoustic instability in laser-produced astrophysically relevant plasma. Irradiation of a copper foil with a short (2 ps) intense (1017 W cm−2) laser pulse generates dense hot plasma, whose expansion into the rarefied preplasma generates the electrostatic collisionless shock. A shock-reflected ion beam penetrates through the shock upstream excites the ion–ion acoustic instability. The shock oscillation electric field and the instability filamentary modulation are monitored by proton radiography. Particle-in-cell and particle-tracing simulations reproduce the experimental observation.
Factors Affecting Health-Promoting Lifestyle Among Older Women With Chronic Disease
Authors: Oh Ji Hyun
Published: September 2019

The current cross-sectional descriptive study applies the Health Promotion Model to explore associations among sociodemographics, psychological factors (self-esteem), self-efficacy, perceptions of current health, and social support affecting older women with at least one chronic disease in South Korea. Convenience sampling of 232 older women aged ≥65 from a welfare center in South Korea showed that a health-promoting lifestyle is significantly and positively correlated with self-esteem, self-efficacy, perception of current health, and social support. Multiple regression analysis revealed that social support had the greatest effect on health-promoting lifestyle, explaining 49% of the dependent variable variance. Nurses serve a crucial role in providing care for older women by helping them within community settings to find resources for senior fitness, encouraging them to pursue health-related habits, and strengthening support systems by encouraging participation in social activities and maintaining strong relationships and interactions with family and friends. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45(10), 29–38.]
Screenings, Savings, and Service: Nurses Meeting Rural Older Adults in Their Communities
Authors: Merino Rubi B. , Matthews Jean M. , Sawyer Sallie , Kosko Debra A. , Roberson Donna W.
Published: September 2019

Falls, depression, and dementia are major health concerns for older adults and communities across the country, which also result in increased health care expenditures. The improvement of early intervention is a tremendous need, especially for older adults who are isolated in rural areas. Nurses were deployed across 41 counties in eastern North Carolina to increase access to screening and improve the possibility of early intervention for rural community-dwelling older adults. The screenings identified at-risk older adults, who nurses then educated and referred for early intervention of falls risk, depression, and cognitive impairment. Through this grassroots intervention, nurses provided community-dwelling older adults with resources for early detection, early intervention, and cost savings. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45(10), 24–28.]
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Piezoelectric Ceramics Using the Dispenser System
Authors: Matsuda Shuto , Fujii Tadashi , Nakada Naoya , Karaki Tomoaki , Kakuda Tatsunori
Published: September 2019

We fabricated lead-free (K,Na,Li)NbO3 (KNLN) and BaTiO3 (BT) piezoelectric ceramics using a dispenser system. After dissolving polyvinyl butyral in ethanol, a paste for extrusion was fabricated by mixing KNLN or BT ceramic powders. After several times of paste extrusion with a dispenser system, degreasing was performed at 650°C. The KNLN moldings were sintered, at 1,100–1,170°C, and sintering of BT moldings were performed by two-step sintering at 1,320°C and 1,150°C. From the x-ray diffraction pattern, the fabricated KNLN ceramics had a perovskite structure. The density of the KNLN and BT moldings fabricated by the dispenser system was 3.94 and 5.42 g/cm3, respectively. In addition, the BT moldings had the dielectric constant εr = 1.95 × 103. The Curie temperature of the BT moldings was confirmed at about 125°C, as with the BT piezoelectric ceramics fabricated by uniaxial pressure molding. The BT moldings had the piezoelectric constant d33 = 60 pC/N. The fabrication methods studied in this work provided the potential to fabricate simple three-dimensional piezoelectric ceramic devices for applications in acoustic wave sensors.
Short Therapy in a Septic Arthritis of the Neonatal Hip
Authors: Gatto Antonio , Lazzareschi Ilaria , Onesimo Roberta , Iannotta Rossella , Rigante Donato , Capossela Lavinia , Filoni Simona , Valentini Piero
Published: September 2019

Septic arthritis (SA) is a serious joint infection associated with significant morbidity that can cause permanent damage with articular cartilage destruction, osteonecrosis and lifelong deformities if not diagnosed and treated promptly. In neonates, because of the paucity of signs and symptoms, SA is difficult to diagnose. The treatment for SA in children is empirical antibiotic for weeks, initially intravenously, and surgical (arthrotomy) in particular for the hip and shoulder because of the high risk of sequelae in these joints. Actually, there isn’t a consensus about the duration of antibiotic treatment, because of the lack of powered studies, and a variable period from 2 weeks to 4 months has been suggested in the literature. Data in the neonatal population are very limited. We describe a case of neonatal hip arthritis with a good outcome treated with a short antibiotic course of 2 weeks.
Conhecimentos de professores de Matemática para o ensino de noções relativas à Estatística na Educação Básica
Authors: Pietropaolo Ruy César , Garcia Silva Angélica Da Fontoura , Amorim Marta Élid
Published: September 2019

Este texto tem o propósito de apresentar um estudo cuja finalidade foi investigar os conhecimentos de um grupo de professores de Matemática para ensinar conceitos concernentes à Estatística na Educação Básica e as concepções desses docentes sobre esse ensino. Esta investigação, que envolveu 16 professores do 6º ao 9º do Ensino Fundamental da rede municipal de uma cidade do litoral de São Paulo, precedeu uma formação continuada desse grupo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários e entrevistas. Para a análise dos dados, relativamente aos conhecimentos que deveriam ser de domínio do professor, foram consideradas categorias discutidas por Shulman (1986). Quanto ao ensino de Estatística, este estudo está referenciado em Gal (2005) e em Batanero & Godino (2005). Em relação às concepções de professores sobre o ensino de Estatística, adotou-se o significado de Concepção atribuído por Ponte (1992). As respostas dos professores revelaram certa inconsistência em relação ao domínio de conhecimentos de noções relativas à Estatística. Quanto às concepções sobre o ensino desse tema, os docentes demonstraram certo ceticismo em relação à necessidade e inclusão desse tema em todos os anos do Ensino Fundamental, devido à extensão dos conteúdos que devem ensinar e a não-importância que atribuem a esse tema.
A Educação Estatística na educação básica de Brasil, Estados Unidos, França e Espanha segundo os documentos de ensino
Authors: Da Silva Nelson Antonio , Figueiredo Helenara Regina Sampaio
Published: September 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar um recorte de nossa pesquisa apresentando orientações e recomendações curriculares propostas e explicitadas nos documentos curriculares do Brasil (PCN e BNCC), EUA, França e a Espanha Real Decreto (BOE), em relação ao ensino de Estatística na Educação Básica. Os resultados apontam pontos de coincidência e algumas discordâncias entre as orientações e as recomendações curriculares contidas nos documentos oficiais dos dois países, sobre o ensino da Estatística. As orientações curriculares adotam perspectivas diferentes para o ensino da Estatística.  No Brasil, tais perspectivas, parecem ser de caráter instrumental, uma vez que postula que, no estudo da Estatística, o aluno deve se envolver com algo presente no seu cotidiano e não com um trabalho fundamentado em definições ou fórmulas. Já o currículo espanhol trata essa disciplina como uma ferramenta fundamental para resolver situações da vida diária, para compreender melhor o ambiente que as rodeia e para levar o estudante a comunicar-se estatisticamente na representação e tratamento da informação por meio do Letramento Estatístico.
O campo conceitual da média aritmética: uma primeira aproximação conceitual
Authors: Cazorla Irene Maurício , Santana Eurivalda Ribeiro dos Santos , Utsumi Miriam Cardoso
Published: September 2019

A média aritmética é uma das medidas resumo mais importante da Estatística e aparentemente é um conceito prosaico, porém para sua apropriação é preciso explicitar sua complexidade, tanto do ponto de vista de seu significado, quanto da rede de conceitos, propriedades, representações e multiplicidade de situações nas quais ela pode ser encontrada e situações nas quais requer cuidados para sua utilização. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma primeira aproximação do campo conceitual da média aritmética, ancorados na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, a partir da sistematização dos resultados das pesquisas envolvendo este conceito. Esta aproximação se limita ao conceito de média aritmética no campo empírico e não envolve a média de variáveis aleatórias, pois o foco é servir de base para seu ensino na Educação Básica. Assim, explicitamos a rede de conceitos, operações e propriedades que formam os Invariantes (I); as Representações (R) (verbal, numérica, algébrica, gráfica e pictórica), bem como as Situações (S) que dão sentidos diferenciados ao conceito. Distinguimos três classes de média: a simples que implica na soma de todos os valores dividido pelo número de dados; a agregada, quando não se conhece os valores originais, mas apenas o todo e, nesse caso, recorremos a razão entre duas grandezas e a média ponderada. Na média ponderada distinguimos três subclasses, a média ponderada genuína, onde os pesos são resultado de valoração; a média ponderada pela frequência com dois tipos, valores pontuais e marca de classe; e, a média ponderada para encontrar a média geral a partir de médias parciais.
Disciplina de estatística na matriz curricular dos cursos de licenciatura em Matemática no Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Márcio Urel , Silva Luciano Duarte
Published: September 2019

Nesta pesquisa objetivamos compreender como as disciplinas de Estatística estão estruturadas na Matriz Curricular dos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática em atividade no Brasil. Para alcançar tal objetivo, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa na modalidade documental, por meio da análise de 190 Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos (PPCs) de Licenciatura em Matemática de todas as regiões geográficas do Brasil. Como referencial teórico, recorremos a diversos pesquisadores que abordam a importância da Formação Estatística nas Licenciatura em Matemática para preparar os futuros professores de Matemática para a atuação na Educação Básica. Para analisar os dados, utilizamos alguns procedimentos da Análise de Conteúdo na perspectiva elucidada por Bardin (1977), a qual nos proporcionou constituir quatro Categorias de Análise que representam os aspectos centrais da pesquisa: (i) Estatística Descritiva; (ii) Estatística Inferencial; (iii) Análise Combinatória e Probabilidade; (iv) Ensino de Estatística na Educação Básica. Essas categorias de análise foram interpretadas por meio de um movimento dialógico entre os dados, o referencial teórico, o objetivo da pesquisa, bem como as nossas percepções. A análise interpretativa dessas categorias nos permitiu compreender que apesar de existirem disciplinas de conhecimentos de Estatística em 97% das matrizes curriculares dos PPCs de licenciatura em Matemática no Brasil, elas privilegiam a abordagem conceitual em detrimento de uma abordagem mais relacionada ao conhecimento pedagógico dos conteúdos de Estatística que os futuros professores trabalharão nas escolas da Educação Básica. Assim sendo, os resultados da presente pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de uma readequação das disciplinas de Estatística pelos Núcleos Docentes Estruturantes (NDE’s) convergente para à futura prática docente dos licenciados em Matemática no ensino fundamental e médio
Tratamento da informação no nono ano do Ensino Fundamental: uma experiência a partir da tabela nutricional do biscoito cream cracker
Authors: Conceição Regiany Diorio da , Sá Lauro Chagas e , Chiabai Ícaro , Giraldo Victor Augusto
Published: September 2019

Diversas pesquisas no campo da Educação Matemática têm apontado que o ensino da Estatística e da Probabilidade contribui no desenvolvimento da capacidade crítica e da autonomia de indivíduos para que exerçam plenamente sua cidadania. Nesse contexto, apresentamos uma experiência de ensino, resultado parcial um projeto de pesquisa cujo objetivo é compreender as potencialidades da Educação Estatística para a compreensão de informações nutricionais, considerando o eixo da saúde como tema transversal para o Ensino Fundamental. O presente artigo, em especial, procura suscitar reflexões acerca de uma experiência com estudantes de nono ano de uma escola pública do Espírito Santo. Durante as seis aulas acompanhadas, no período de 01 a 14 de novembro de 2018, registramos observações do comportamento dos alunos, a interação entre os estudantes e os questionamentos suscitados. Além disso, as atividades desenvolvidas durante a sequência foram recolhidas para análise das resoluções de cada aluno. Ao final desta experiência, observamos que a atividade favoreceu a aprendizagem dos alunos em relação à Estatística, principalmente em função do tema em destaque. Por fim, concluímos que a realização dessa atividade possibilitou o amadurecimento dos estudantes, levando-os a pensar de forma crítica acerca da sua alimentação, principalmente no que toca o consumo de alimentos industrializados.
Diagnosing spatial error structures in CO2 mole fractions and XCO2 column mole fractions from atmospheric transport
Authors: Lauvaux Thomas , Díaz-Isaac Liza I. , Bocquet Marc , Bousserez Nicolas
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric inversions inform us about the magnitude and variations of greenhouse gas (GHG) sources and sinks from global to local scales. Deployment of observing systems such as spaceborne sensors and ground-based instruments distributed around the globe has started to offer an unprecedented amount of information to estimate surface exchanges of GHG at finer spatial and temporal scales. However, all inversion methods still rely on imperfect atmospheric transport models whose error structures directly affect the inverse estimates of GHG fluxes. The impact of spatial error structures on the retrieved fluxes increase concurrently with the density of the available measurements. In this study, we diagnose the spatial structures due to transport model errors affecting modeled in situ carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fractions and total-column dry air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2). We implement a cost-effective filtering technique recently developed in the meteorological data assimilation community to describe spatial error structures using a small-size ensemble. This technique can enable ensemble-based error analysis for multiyear inversions of sources and sinks. The removal of noisy structures due to sampling errors in our small-size ensembles is evaluated by comparison with larger-size ensembles. A second filtering approach for error covariances is proposed (Wiener filter), producing similar results over the 1-month simulation period compared to a Schur filter. Based on a comparison to a reference 25-member calibrated ensemble, we demonstrate that error variances and spatial error correlation structures are recoverable from small-size ensembles of about 8 to 10 members, improving the representation of transport errors in mesoscale inversions of CO2 fluxes. Moreover, error variances of in situ near-surface and free-tropospheric CO2 mole fractions differ significantly from total-column XCO2 error variances. We conclude that error variances for remote-sensing observations need to be quantified independently of in situ CO2 mole fractions due to the complexity of spatial error structures at different altitudes. However, we show the potential use of meteorological error structures such as the mean horizontal wind speed, directly available from ensemble prediction systems, to approximate spatial error correlations of in situ CO2 mole fractions, with similarities in seasonal variations and characteristic error length scales.
Quantifying snow darkening and atmospheric radiative effects of black carbon and dust on the South Asian monsoon and hydrological cycle: experiments using variable-resolution CESM
Authors: Rahimi Stefan , Liu Xiaohong , Wu Chenglai , Lau William K. , Brown Hunter , Wu Mingxuan , Qian Yun
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) and dust impart significant effects on the South Asian
monsoon (SAM), which is responsible for ∼80  % of the
region's annual precipitation. This study implements a variable-resolution
(VR) version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to quantify two
radiative effects of absorbing BC and dust on the SAM. Specifically, this
study focuses on the snow darkening effect (SDE), as well as how these
aerosols interact with incoming and outgoing radiation to facilitate an
atmospheric response (i.e., aerosol–radiation interactions, ARIs). By running
sensitivity experiments, the individual effects of SDE and ARI are
quantified, and a theoretical framework is applied to assess these aerosols'
impacts on the SAM. It is found that ARIs of absorbing aerosols warm the
atmospheric column in a belt coincident with the May–June averaged location
of the subtropical jet, bringing forth anomalous upper-tropospheric
(lower-tropospheric) anticyclogenesis (cyclogenesis) and divergence
(convergence). This anomalous arrangement in the mass fields brings forth
enhanced rising vertical motion across South Asia and a stronger westerly
low-level jet, the latter of which furnishes the Indian subcontinent with
enhanced Arabian Gulf moisture. Precipitation increases of 2 mm d−1 or
more (a 60 % increase in June) result across much of northern India from
May through August, with larger anomalies (+5 to +10 mm d−1) in the
western Indian mountains and southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) mountain ranges due to orographic
and anabatic enhancement. Across the Tibetan Plateau foothills, SDE by BC
aerosols drives large precipitation anomalies of > 6 mm d−1
(a 21 %–26 % increase in May and June), comparable to ARI of absorbing
aerosols from April through August. Runoff changes accompany BC SDE-induced
snow changes across Tibet, while runoff changes across India result
predominantly from dust ARI. Finally, there are large differences in the
simulated SDE between the VR and traditional 1∘ simulations, the latter
of which simulates a much stronger SDE and more effectively modifies the
regional circulation.
Cross-evaluation of GEMS tropospheric ozone retrieval performance using OMI data and the use of an ozonesonde dataset over East Asia for validation
Authors: Bak Juseon , Baek Kang-Hyeon , Kim Jae-Hwan , Liu Xiong , Kim Jhoon , Chance Kelly
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) is scheduled to
be launched in 2019–2020 on board the GEO-KOMPSAT (GEOstationary KOrea
Multi-Purpose SATellite)-2B, contributing as the Asian partner of the global
geostationary constellation of air quality monitoring. To support this air
quality satellite mission, we perform a cross-evaluation of simulated GEMS
ozone profile retrievals from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) data based
on the optimal estimation and ozonesonde measurements within the GEMS
domain, covering from 5∘ S (Indonesia) to
45∘ N (south of the Russian border) and from
75 to 145∘ E. The comparison between
ozonesonde and GEMS shows a significant dependence on ozonesonde types.
Ozonesonde data measured by modified Brewer–Mast (MBM) at Trivandrum and
New Delhi show inconsistent seasonal variabilities in tropospheric ozone
compared to carbon–iodine (CI) and electrochemical condensation cell (ECC)
ozonesondes at other stations in a similar latitude regime. CI ozonesonde
measurements are negatively biased relative to ECC measurements by 2–4 DU;
better agreement is achieved when simulated GEMS ozone retrievals are
compared to ECC measurements. ECC ozone data at Hanoi, Kuala Lumpur, and
Singapore show abnormally worse agreements with simulated GEMS retrievals
than other ECC measurements. Therefore, ECC ozonesonde measurements at Hong
Kong, Pohang, Naha, Sapporo, and Tsukuba are finally identified as an
optimal reference dataset. The accuracy of simulated GEMS retrievals is
estimated to be ∼5.0 % for both tropospheric and
stratospheric column ozone with the precision of 15 % and 5 %, which
meets the GEMS ozone requirements.
Observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidar
Authors: Behrendt Andreas , Wulfmeyer Volker , Senff Christoph , Muppa Shravan Kumar , Späth Florian , Lange Diego , Kalthoff Norbert , Wieser Andreas
Published: September 2019

Abstract. We present the first measurement of the sensible heat flux (H) profile in the convective boundary layer (CBL) derived from the covariance of collocated vertical-pointing temperature rotational Raman lidar and Doppler wind lidar measurements. The uncertainties of the H measurements due to instrumental noise and limited sampling are also derived and discussed. Simultaneous measurements of the latent heat flux profile (L) and other turbulent variables were obtained with the combination of water-vapor DIAL and Doppler lidar. The measurement example is from the HOPE campaign, which took place in western Germany in 2013 and presents a cloud-free well-developed quasi-stationary CBL. The mean boundary layer height z_i was at 1230 m above ground level. The results show – as expected – positive values of H in the middle of the CBL. A maximum of (182 ± 32) W/m2, with the second number for the noise uncertainty, is found at 0.5 z_i. At about 0.7 z_i, H changes sign to negative values above. The entrainment flux was (−62 ± 27) W/m2. The mean sensible heat flux divergence in the observed part of the CBL above 0.3 z_i was −0.28 W/m3, which corresponds to a warming of 0.83 K/h. The L profile shows a slight positive mean flux divergence of 0.12 W/m3 and an entrainment flux of (214 ± 36) W/m2. The combination of H and L profiles in combination with variance and other turbulent parameters is very valuable for the evaluation of large-eddy simulation (LES) results and the further improvement and validation of turbulence parameterization schemes.
Objective extraction and analysis of statistical features of Dansgaard–Oeschger events
Authors: Lohmann Johannes , Ditlevsen Peter D.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The strongest mode of centennial to millennial climate variability in the paleoclimatic record is represented by
Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) cycles. Despite decades of research, their dynamics and physical mechanisms
remain poorly understood. Valuable insights can be obtained by studying high-resolution Greenland ice
core proxies, such as the NGRIP δ18O record. However, conventional statistical analysis is
complicated by the high noise level, the cause of which is partly due to glaciological effects
unrelated to climate and which is furthermore changing over time. We remove the high-frequency
noise and extract the most robust features of the DO cycles, such as rapid warming and interstadial
cooling rates, by fitting a consistent piecewise linear model to Greenland ice core records.
With statistical hypothesis tests we aim to obtain an empirical understanding of what
controls the amplitudes and durations of the DO cycles. To this end, we investigate distributions
and correlations between different features, as well as modulations in time by external
climate factors, such as CO2 and insolation.
Our analysis suggests different mechanisms underlying warming and cooling transitions due to
contrasting distributions and external influences of the stadial and interstadial durations,
as well as the fact that the interstadial durations can be predicted to some degree by linear
cooling rates already shortly after interstadial onset.
Real-time monitoring of nitrate in soils as a key for optimization of agricultural productivity and prevention of groundwater pollution
Authors: Yeshno Elad , Arnon Shlomi , Dahan Ofer
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Lack of real-time information on nutrient availability in
cultivated soils inherently leads to excess application of fertilizers in
agriculture. As a result, nitrate, which is a soluble, stable, and mobile
component of fertilizers, leaches below the root zone through the
unsaturated zone and eventually pollutes the groundwater and other related
water resources. Rising nitrate concentration in aquifers is recognized as a
worldwide environmental problem that contributes to water scarcity. The
development of technologies for continuous in situ measurement of nitrate
concentration in soils is essential for optimizing fertilizer application
and preventing water resource pollution by nitrate. Here we present a
conceptual approach for a monitoring system that enables in situ and
continuous measurement of nitrate concentration in soil. The monitoring
system is based on absorbance spectroscopy techniques for direct
determination of nitrate concentration in soil porewater without
pretreatment, such as filtration, dilution, or reagent supplementation. A
new analytical procedure was developed to improve measurement accuracy while
eliminating the typical measurement interference caused by soil dissolved
organic carbon. The analytical procedure was tested at four field sites over
2 years and proved to be an effective tool for nitrate analysis when
directly applied on untreated soil solution samples. A soil
nitrate-monitoring apparatus, combining specially designed optical flow
cells with soil porewater-sampling units, enabled, for the first time,
real-time continuous measurement of nitrate concentration in soils.
Real-time, high-resolution measurement of nitrate concentration in the soil
has revealed the complex variations in soil nitrate concentrations in
response to fertigation pattern. Such data are crucial for optimizing
fertilizer application and reducing pollution potential of groundwater.
Brief communication: Seasonal prediction of salinity intrusion in the
Mekong Delta
Authors: Apel Heiko , Khiem Mai , Quan Nguyen Hong , Toan To Quang
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The Mekong Delta is the most important food production area in Vietnam. Salinity intrusion during the dry season poses a serious threat to agricultural production and local livelihoods. A seasonal forecast of salinity intrusion is required in order to mitigate the negative effects. This communication present a simple statistical seasonal forecast model able to predict the salinity intrusion up to 9 months ahead with high skill. The model can thus be used as a basis for timely adaptation and mitigation planning, which is urgently needed for the imminent severe salinity intrusion expected in spring 2020.
Statistical post-processing of ensemble forecasts of the height of new snow
Authors: Nousu Jari-Pekka , Lafaysse Matthieu , Vernay Matthieu , Bellier Joseph , Evin Guillaume , Joly Bruno
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Forecasting the height of new snow (HN) is crucial for avalanche hazard forecasting, road viability, ski resort management and tourism attractiveness. Météo-France operates the PEARP-S2M probabilistic forecasting system, including 35 members of the PEARP Numerical Weather Prediction system, where the SAFRAN downscaling tool refines the elevation resolution and the Crocus snowpack model represents the main physical processes in the snowpack. It provides better HN forecasts than direct NWP diagnostics but exhibits significant biases and underdispersion. We applied a statistical post-processing to these ensemble forecasts, based on non-homogeneous regression with a censored shifted Gamma distribution. Observations come from manual measurements of 24 h HN in the French Alps and Pyrenees. The calibration is tested at the station scale and the massif scale (i.e. aggregating different stations over areas of 1000 km2). Compared to the raw forecasts, similar improvements are obtained for both spatial scales. Therefore, the post-processing can be applied at any point of the massifs. Two training datasets are tested: (1) a 22-year homogeneous reforecast for which the NWP model resolution and physical options are identical to the operational system but without the same initial perturbations; (2) 3-year real-time forecasts with a heterogeneous model configuration but the same perturbation methods. The impact of the training dataset depends on lead time and on the evaluation criteria. The long-term reforecast improves the reliability of severe snowfall but leads to overdispersion due to the discrepancy in real-time perturbations. Thus, the development of reliable automatic forecasting products of HN needs long reforecasts as homogeneous as possible with the operational systems.
Estimating Greenland tidewater glacier retreat driven by submarine melting
Authors: Slater Donald A. , Straneo Fiamma , Felikson Denis , Little Christopher M. , Goelzer Heiko , Fettweis Xavier , Holte James
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The effect of the North Atlantic Ocean on the Greenland Ice Sheet through submarine melting of Greenland's tidewater glacier calving fronts is thought to be a key driver of widespread glacier retreat, dynamic mass loss and sea level contribution from the ice sheet. Despite its critical importance, problems of process complexity and scale hinder efforts to represent the influence of submarine melting in ice-sheet-scale models. Here we propose parameterizing tidewater glacier terminus position as a simple linear function of submarine melting, with submarine melting in turn estimated as a function of subglacial discharge and ocean temperature. The relationship is tested, calibrated and validated using datasets of terminus position, subglacial discharge and ocean temperature covering the full ice sheet and surrounding ocean from the period 1960–2018. We demonstrate a statistically significant link between multi-decadal tidewater glacier terminus position change and submarine melting and show that the proposed parameterization has predictive power when considering a population of glaciers. An illustrative 21st century projection is considered, suggesting that tidewater glaciers in Greenland will undergo little further retreat in a low-emission RCP2.6 scenario. In contrast, a high-emission RCP8.5 scenario results in a median retreat of 4.2 km, with a quarter of tidewater glaciers experiencing retreat exceeding 10 km. Our study provides a long-term and ice-sheet-wide assessment of the sensitivity of tidewater glaciers to submarine melting and proposes a practical and empirically validated means of incorporating ocean forcing into models of the Greenland ice sheet.
Heterogeneous spatial and temporal pattern of surface elevation change and mass balance of the Patagonian ice fields between 2000 and 2016
Authors: Abdel Jaber Wael , Rott Helmut , Floricioiu Dana , Wuite Jan , Miranda Nuno
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The northern and southern Patagonian ice fields (NPI and SPI) have
been subject to accelerated retreat during the last decades, with considerable
variability in magnitude and timing among individual glaciers. We
derive spatially detailed maps of surface elevation change (SEC) of
NPI and SPI from bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry data of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements (TanDEM-X)
for two epochs, 2000–2012 and 2012–2016, and
provide data on changes in surface elevation and ice volume for the
individual glaciers and the ice fields at large. We apply advanced
TanDEM-X processing techniques allowing us to cover 90 % and 95 % of
the area of NPI and 97 % and 98 % of SPI for the two epochs, respectively.
Particular attention is paid to precisely co-registering the digital elevation models (DEMs),
accounting for possible effects of radar signal penetration through
backscatter analysis and correcting for seasonality biases in case
of deviations in repeat DEM coverage from full annual time spans.
The results show a different temporal trend between the two ice fields
and reveal a heterogeneous spatial pattern of SEC and mass balance
caused by different sensitivities with respect to direct climatic forcing
and ice flow dynamics of individual glaciers. The estimated volume
change rates for NPI are -4.26±0.20 km3 a−1
for epoch 1 and -5.60±0.74 km3 a−1
for epoch 2, while for SPI these are -14.87±0.52 km3 a−1
for epoch 1 and -11.86±1.99 km3 a−1
for epoch 2. This corresponds for both ice fields to an eustatic sea
level rise of 0.048±0.002 mm a−1 for
epoch 1 and 0.043±0.005 mm a−1 for epoch
2. On SPI the spatial pattern of surface elevation change is more
complex than on NPI and the temporal trend is less uniform. On terminus
sections of the main calving glaciers of SPI, temporal variations in
flow velocities are a main factor for differences in SEC between the
two epochs. Striking differences are observed even on adjoining glaciers,
such as Upsala Glacier, with decreasing mass losses associated with
slowdown of flow velocity, contrasting with acceleration and increase
in mass losses on Viedma Glacier.
La (in)definición del sexismo publicitario: de la lectura académica a la intervención social
Authors: De Francisco Heredero Inés
Published: September 2019

La lucha contra el sexismo publicitario es uno entre los muchos frentes en el que se desarrolla la conciencia y la intervención social en torno a la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres. El convencimiento de que los medios de comunicación de masas, y en concreto la publicidad, juegan un papel importante en la reproducción de la desigualdad de género ha guiado décadas de estudio y reflexión académica sobre el sexismo publicitario. Paralelamente, diferentes iniciativas en el ámbito jurídico, político-administrativo y ciudadano se han desarrollado para evitarlo, o para denunciarlo y castigarlo cuando se produce. En este artículo, y refiriéndonos al caso de España, se plantea que la constatada persistencia de rasgos sexistas en la publicidad tiene que ver tanto con la dificultad para definir las diferentes dimensiones del sexismo publicitario y traducirlas a códigos jurídicos o deontológicos precisos, como con la mutación que se está produciendo en las retóricas publicitarias en lo que respecta a la imagen de las mujeres y las relaciones de género. Para ello se hace una revisión de la definición del sexismo publicitario en el ámbito académico, y su traducción en los códigos jurídicos y deontológicos de nuestro país, así como en las recomendaciones y decálogos elaborados por los institutos de la mujer a nivel estatal y autonómico. Se concluye señalando la importancia de profundizar en el análisis de la percepción que los públicos tienen del sexismo.