bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma miR-151-3p as a Candidate Diagnostic Biomarker for Head and Neck Cancer: A Cross-sectional Study within the INHANCE Consortium
Authors: Pastorino Roberta , Sassano Michele , Danilo Tiziano Francesco , Giraldi Luca , Amore Rosarita , Arzani Dario , Abiusi Emanuela , Ahrens Wolfgang , Vilches Laia Alemany , Canova Cristina , Healy Claire Mary , Holcatova Ivana , Lagiou Pagona , Polesel Jerry , Popovic Maja , Nygård Ståle , Cadoni Gabriella , Znaor Ariana , Boffetta Paolo , Matsuo Keitaro , Oze Isao , Brennan Paul , Boccia Stefania
Published: September 2022

Background:

Identification of screening tests for the detection of head and neck cancer (HNC) at an early stage is an important strategy to improving prognosis. Our objective was to identify plasma circulating miRNAs for the diagnosis of HNC (oral and laryngeal subsites), within a multicenter International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium.

Methods:

A high-throughput screening phase with 754 miRNAs was performed in plasma samples of 88 cases and 88 controls, followed by a validation phase of the differentially expressed miRNAs, identified in the screening, in samples of 396 cases and 396 controls. Comparison of the fold changes (FC) was carried out using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Dunn multiple comparison test.

Results:

We identified miR-151-3p (FC = 1.73, P = 0.007) as differentially expressed miRNAs in the screening and validation phase. The miR-151-3p was the only overexpressed miRNA in validation sample of patients with HNC with early stage at diagnosis (FC = 1.81, P = 0.008) and it was confirmed upregulated both in smoker early-stage cases (FC = 3.52, P = 0.024) and in nonsmoker early-stage cases (FC = 1.60, P = 0.025) compared with controls.

Conclusions:

We identified miR-151-3p as an early marker of HNC. This miRNA was the only upregulated in patients at early stages of the disease, independently of the smoking status.

Impact:

The prognosis for HNC is still poor. The discovery of a new diagnostic biomarker could lead to an earlier tumor discovery and therefore to an improvement in patient prognosis.
Tumor Mutational Burden by Whole-Genome Sequencing in Resected NSCLC of Never Smokers
Authors: Ruel Louis-Jacques , Li Zhonglin , Gaudreault Nathalie , Henry Cyndi , Saavedra Armero Victoria , Boudreau Dominique K. , Zhang Tongwu , Landi Maria Teresa , Labbé Catherine , Couture Christian , Desmeules Patrice , Joubert Philippe , Bossé Yohan
Published: September 2022

Background:

Data are scarce about tumor mutational burden (TMB) as a biomarker in never smokers with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:

TMB was assessed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and compared with in silico reduced whole-exome sequencing (WES) and targeted commercial next-generation sequencing (NGS) gene panels in 92 paired tumor-normal samples from never smokers who underwent NSCLC resection with curative intent. Analyses were performed to test for association with survival after surgery and to identify the optimal prognostic TMB cutoff.

Results:

Tumors of never smokers with NSCLC had low TMB scores (median 1.57 mutations/Mb; range, 0.13–17.94). A TMB cutoff of 1.70 mutations/Mb was associated with a 5-year overall survival of 58% in the high-TMB (42% of cases) compared with 86% in low-TMB patients (Wald P = 0.0029). TMB scores from WGS and WES were highly correlated (Spearman ρ = 0.93, P < 2.2e−16). TMB scores from NGS panels demonstrated high intraindividual fluctuations and identified high-TMB patients with 65% concordance in average compared with WGS.

Conclusions:

In resected NSCLC of never smokers, high TMB was associated with worse prognosis. WES provided a good estimate of TMB while targeted NGS panels seem to lack adequate depth and resolution in the setting of low mutation burden.

Impact:

TMB is a prognostic indicator of survival in resected NSCLC from individuals who never smoked. In this setting of low mutation counts, TMB can be accurately measured by WGS or WES, but not NGS panels.
Hypertension Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of ccRCC Cells by Downregulation of TIMP3 in Tumor Endothelial Cells through the miR-21–5p/TGFBR2/P38/EGR1 Axis
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Xu Haibo , Liao Xinhui , Wang Weiming , Wu Wanjun , Li Wujiao , Niu Liman , Li Zhichao , Li Aolin , Sun Yangyang , Huang Weiren , Song Fei
Published: September 2022

Recent studies have demonstrated that hypertension correlates with tumorigenesis and prognosis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. By analyzing bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data and experimental examining of surgical excised ccRCC samples, we found that tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3), a pivotal paracrine factor in suppressing tumor progression, was significantly reduced in the tumor endothelial cells of patients with hypertensive ccRCC. Besides, in tumor xenograft of NCG mouse model, compared with saline normotensive group the expression of TIMP3 was significantly decreased in the angiotensin II–induced hypertension group. Treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with the plasma of patients with hypertensive ccRCC and miR-21–5p, elevated in the plasma of patients with hypertensive ccRCC, reduced the expression of TIMP3 compared with normotensive and control littermates. We also found that the inhibition of TIMP3 expression by miR-21–5p was not through directly targeting at 3′UTR of TIMP3 but through suppressing the expression of TGFβ receptor 2 (TGFBR2). In addition, the knockout of TGFBR2 reduced TIMP3 expression in HUVECs through P38/EGR1 (early growth response protein 1) signaling axis. Moreover, via coculture of ccRCC cell lines with HUVECs and mouse tumor xenograft model, we discovered that the TIMP3 could suppress the proliferation and migration of ccRCC.

Implications:

Overall, our findings shed new light on the role of hypertension in promoting the progression of ccRCC and provide a potential therapeutic target for patients with ccRCC with hypertension.
Transcriptomes of Prostate Cancer with TMPRSS2:ERG and Other ETS Fusions
Authors: Stopsack Konrad H. , Su Xiaofeng A. , Vaselkiv J. Bailey , Graff Rebecca E. , Ebot Ericka M. , Pettersson Andreas , Lis Rosina T. , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Loda Massimo , Penney Kathryn L. , Lotan Tamara L. , Mucci Lorelei A.
Published: September 2022

The most common somatic event in primary prostate cancer is a fusion between the androgen-related TMPRSS2 gene and the ERG oncogene. Tumors with these fusions, which occur early in carcinogenesis, have a distinctive etiology. A smaller subset of other tumors harbor fusions between TMPRSS2 and members of the ETS transcription factor family other than ERG. To assess the genomic similarity of tumors with non-ERG ETS fusions and those with fusions involving ERG, this study derived a transcriptomic signature of non-ERG ETS fusions and assessed this signature and ERG-related gene expression in 1,050 men with primary prostate cancer from three independent population-based and hospital-based studies. Although non-ERG ETS fusions involving ETV1, ETV4, ETV5, or FLI1 were individually rare, they jointly accounted for one in seven prostate tumors. Genes differentially regulated between non-ERG ETS tumors and tumors without ETS fusions showed similar differential expression when ERG tumors and tumors without ETS fusions were compared (differences explained: R2 = 69–77%), including ETS-related androgen receptor (AR) target genes. Differences appeared to result from similarities among ETS tumors rather than similarities among non-ETS tumors. Gene sets associated with ERG fusions were consistent with gene sets associated with non-ERG ETS fusions, including fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, an observation that was robust across cohorts.

Implications:

Considering ETS fusions jointly may be useful for etiologic studies on prostate cancer, given that the transcriptome is profoundly impacted by ERG and non-ERG ETS fusions in a largely similar fashion, most notably genes regulating metabolic pathways.
Immune Phenotypes and Target Antigens of Clonally Expanded Bone Marrow T Cells in Treatment-Naïve Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Welters Carlotta , Lammoglia Cobo María Fernanda , Stein Christian Alexander , Hsu Meng-Tung , Ben Hamza Amin , Penter Livius , Chen Xiaojing , Buccitelli Christopher , Popp Oliver , Mertins Philipp , Dietze Kerstin , Bullinger Lars , Moosmann Andreas , Blanc Eric , Beule Dieter , Gerbitz Armin , Strobel Julian , Hackstein Holger , Rahn Hans-Peter , Dornmair Klaus , Blankenstein Thomas , Hansmann Leo
Published: September 2022

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy of monoclonal plasma cells that accumulate in the bone marrow. Despite their clinical and pathophysiologic relevance, the roles of bone marrow–infiltrating T cells in treatment-naïve patients are incompletely understood. We investigated whether clonally expanded T cells (i) were detectable in multiple myeloma bone marrow, (ii) showed characteristic immune phenotypes, and (iii) whether dominant clones recognized antigens selectively presented on multiple myeloma cells. Single-cell index sorting and T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ sequencing of bone marrow T cells from 13 treatment-naïve patients showed dominant clonal expansion within CD8+ cytolytic effector compartments, and only a minority of expanded T-cell clones expressed the classic immune-checkpoint molecules PD-1, CTLA-4, or TIM-3. To identify their molecular targets, TCRs of 68 dominant bone marrow clones from five selected patients were reexpressed and incubated with multiple myeloma and non–multiple myeloma cells from corresponding patients. Only 1 of 68 TCRs recognized antigen presented on multiple myeloma cells. This TCR was HLA-C–restricted, self-peptide–specific and could be activated by multiple myeloma cells of multiple patients. The remaining dominant T-cell clones did not recognize multiple myeloma cells and were, in part, specific for antigens associated with chronic viral infections. In conclusion, we showed that dominant bone marrow T-cell clones in treatment-naïve patients rarely recognize antigens presented on multiple myeloma cells and exhibit low expression of classic immune-checkpoint molecules. Our data provide experimental context for experiences from clinical immune-checkpoint inhibition trials and will inform future T cell–dependent therapeutic strategies.
Balloon Interrogation of Intervening Tissue: A Novel Method to Decide Strategy for Closing Multiple Atrial Septal Defects
Authors: Dalvi Bharat , Bhalgat Parag
Published: September 2022

Background:

Two separate ostium secundum atrial septal defects are a challenging substrate for device closure due to lack of a well-described strategy or an adequately evaluated protocol.

Methods:

This is a prospective study comprising 20 patients with 2 atrial septal defects who underwent device closure. All of them underwent balloon interrogation (BI) of the intervening tissue to decide 1- versus 2-device strategy. During BI, if the flow through both the defects could be stopped completely implying adequate mobility of the separating tissue, a single device strategy was used. The size of the device in this subset was determined by BI diameter. In case the flow persisted, 2 devices were used to close the defects separately.

Results:

The mean age was 24±17 years. The main defect size was (mean 14.5 mm±SD 2.69 mm), whereas the second defect measured (mean 8.5±SD 3.02 mm). The tissue separating the 2 defects was measured (mean 6.1±SD 2.6 mm). In 15 of them, based on the BI results, a single device was used successfully to close both the defects without a residual shunt. In the remaining 5 patients, 2 devices were used. There were no complications during the procedure or at follow-up period of 41.9±16.9 months.

Conclusions:

BI in patients with 2 atrial septal defects is helpful in defining 1- versus 2-device strategies and in choosing the size of the device to be used. Nearly 3/4 of the patients may get away with a single device for closing both the defects successfully thereby decreasing the cost and complexity of the procedure.
Transformers and the Representation of Biomedical Background Knowledge
Authors: Wysocki Oskar , Zhou Zili , O’Regan Paul , Ferreira Deborah , Wysocka Magdalena , Landers Dónal , Freitas André
Published: September 2022

Specialized transformers-based models (such as BioBERT and BioMegatron) are adapted for the biomedical domain based on publicly available biomedical corpora. As such, they have the potential to encode large-scale biological knowledge. We investigate the encoding and representation of biological knowledge in these models, and its potential utility to support inference in cancer precision medicine—namely, the interpretation of the clinical significance of genomic alterations. We compare the performance of different transformer baselines; we use probing to determine the consistency of encodings for distinct entities; and we use clustering methods to compare and contrast the internal properties of the embeddings for genes, variants, drugs, and diseases. We show that these models do indeed encode biological knowledge, although some of this is lost in fine-tuning for specific tasks. Finally, we analyze how the models behave with regard to biases and imbalances in the dataset.
Horse Riders’ Perceptions of Communication with Horses and How it Translates to Communication with Family
Authors: Scholtz A. M. , Koen V. , Oosthuizen C. M.
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to explore and describe adult horse riders’ perceptions regarding their communication with horses and how it translates to their communication with family. A qualitative explorative, descriptive research design was implemented. The sample group, which was recruited through either a purposive or snowball sampling technique, included nine participants between the ages of 19 and 53. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and analyzed with the use of thematic analysis. The findings reveal similarities between the communication that takes place between the participants and horses, and between the participants and their family members. These similarities make it possible for the communication in one context (with horses) to be translated to the other context (with family members), and the findings suggest that such a translation is possible and is supported by the systems theory.
People in Suitcases
Authors: Kowalczyk Kacper
Published: September 2022

Ex-ante deontology is an attempt to combine deontological constraints on doing or intending harm with the idea that one should act in everyone’s interest if possible. I argue that ex-ante deontology has serious problems in cases where multiple decisions are to be made over time. I then argue that these problems force us to choose between commonsense deontological morality and a more consequentialist morality. I suggest that we should choose the latter.
Politically Connected Owners
Authors: Betz Timm , Pond Amy
Published: September 2022

Political connections provide substantial benefits to firms. We emphasize the ownership of firms as an important channel through which political connections operate and identify a resulting link between political turnover and turnover in the ownership of firms: Political turnover prompts newly politically connected individuals to take, and newly disconnected individuals to cede, ownership of firms. This pattern should be more pronounced in countries with weaker property rights, among firms with publicly recorded owners, and among firms with more immobile assets. Moreover, firms that experience changes to ownership during periods of political turnover should have elevated political connections and therefore pay less taxes and earn higher profits. Analyses of the ownership structure of firms in 87 countries are consistent with the theory. Because politically connected owners allow firms to compensate for other vulnerabilities, the theory also explains mixed findings in prior work on the consequences of asset immobility.
Finite-time control strategy for swarm planar underactuated robots via motion planning and intelligent algorithm
Authors: Huang Zixin , Wei Shaoqi , Hou Mengyu , Wang Lejun
Published: September 2022

The swarm planar underactuated robots have the ability to organize each robot to complete task in a finite time and the characteristics of ignoring gravity, energy saving, light weight, and so on. In this paper, we propose control strategy for such robot via motion planning and intelligent algorithm. First, we establish a unified dynamic model and analysis its underactuated characteristics. In order to enable all links to reach the target position smoothly in a finite time, a suitable trajectory is planned and parameters are optimized by the differential evolution algorithm (DEA). Then, the controllers are designed for each planar underactuated robot. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed strategy is effective.
Citizenship and multicultural social work: Challenges and opportunities of ethnic minority youth in political engagement in Hong Kong
Authors: Kwok Kim
Published: September 2022

This article reports on qualitative research investigating Pakistani minority youth’s political engagement in the 2019 Anti-Extradition Movement in Hong Kong. Some informants’ engagement was inhibited by challenges such as institutional limitations, while others identified various opportunities. This article presents an Asian example from a unique historical context to illuminate the potential role of political engagement in ethnic minority youth’s personal and social development and how the citizenship social work framework enhances understanding of ethnic minority youth and cultural competence in multicultural social work. Furthermore, it advocates social work as an empowering agency to implement citizenship rights for ethnic minority youth.
Mechanical and tribological properties of electrical corrosion resistance-glass reinforced polyimide composites for high voltage applications
Authors: Ogbonna Victor E , Popoola Abimbola Patricia I , Popoola Olawale M
Published: September 2022

In recent times, glass fiber reinforcements are extensively used in the development of polymer matrix composites to improve their performance especially when used for engineering applications. As such, the focus of the present study remains on the effects of electrical corrosion resistance (ECR) glass particles on the mechanical and tribological properties of polyimide (PI) composites fabricated by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. SPS is a novel powder metallurgy method in producing homogeneous composite materials in short sintering time with finer microstructure. However, the PI composites were produced at different contents of ECR-glass reinforcement particles (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt %). The microstructural characterization of the samples was conducted using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Nanoindentation tests and pin-on-disc wear tests (under dry condition) were conducted to evaluate the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites. The SEM results revealed that the reinforcement’s particles were well distributed in the PI matrix phase. Incorporation of ECR-glass particles into the PI composites improved its hardness and elastic modulus. The ECR-glass/PI matrix composite loaded with 15 wt% ECR displayed a significant reduction in coefficient of friction from 0.091 to 0.015 and wear rate from 0.81 × 10−4 to 0.14 × 10−4 mm3/Nm. In addition, the ECR/PI composites exhibited improved dielectric properties over the pure PI. Hence, corroborating the potential of this ECR-glass reinforced PI for industrial (automobile and power) applications requiring high hardness, elastic modulus, good wear resistance, and low dielectric constant.
The French Press in Wartime London, 1940–4: From the Politics of Exile to Inter-Allied Relations
Authors: Stewart Iain
Published: September 2022

This article examines the history of the French press that was based in London during the Second World War, focusing on its contribution to political debates of and about French exile, its relationship to the British government and its role in shaping inter-Allied relations. The article begins by outlining the development of British policy towards the foreign press based in London before examining three publications: the left-leaning daily France, the Gaullist weekly La Marseillaise and the monthly cultural and political periodical La France libre. By drawing on the contents of these papers alongside a variety of French, British and American archival material, the article shows that while the French press in London had a limited readership, it exercised significant influence among political elites either side of the Atlantic during the war and helped shape the terms of French debates over the meaning of Gaullism well into the post-Second World War period.
Understanding Stress and Coping Among Women of Color in the United States in the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Andrews Adlam Johanna , Murphy-Belcaster Megan , Thompson-Robinson Melva , Dodge Francis Carolee , Ricker-Boles Kristina , Traylor Daryl , Anderson Eboni
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted to identify processes of coping with COVID-19 and determine their impact on emotional well-being for women of color in the United States. Data were collected from 368 women between May and July 2020 using an online survey guided by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, which included an assessment of COVID-19 stressors, Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Over half of the women were depressed (59.0%) and felt ill (69.3%) from the stress of COVID-19. Planful problem solving (M = 4.58, SD = 2.70) was the primary way to cope with COVID-19. A small, positive correlation existed between COVID-19 stressors and depressive symptoms (r = 0.27, p < .001). COVID-19 had a significant impact on the increase of stress (MI = 0.53, p < .001) and depressive symptoms (MI = 5.90, p < .001) as well as the decrease of resilience (MD = 2.17, p < .001) for women of color in the United States. These results can be translated into actionable care plans for clinicians and public health professionals that inform the development of tailored, culturally appropriate, equitable, and gender-specific mental health care for women of color in the age of COVID-19.
A Global Intellectual Property Waiver is Still Needed to Address the Inequities of COVID-19 and Future Pandemic Preparedness
Authors: Amin Tahir , Kesselheim Aaron S.
Published: September 2022

In October 2020, India and South Africa submitted a proposal to the World Trade Organization (WTO) to suspend IP on all COVID-19 vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics until widespread vaccination could help achieve immunity among people in low- and middle-income countries. After 18 months, the final WTO Decision substantially watered down the original text proposed by India and South Africa, limiting it only to patents on vaccines and the use of protected clinical trial data for regulatory approval. We address why an IP waiver under TRIPS consistent with the one originally proposed by India and South Africa is still needed to not only meet the ongoing inequities of COVID-19, but also to ensure the right precedent for future equitable pandemic preparedness and other crises affecting the global South. To meet the multilateral goals of the WTO, an IP waiver as proposed by India and South Africa is still needed to increase manufacturing capability for vaccines, therapeutics, and other COVID-19 health-related technologies.
The balint method online: Past, pandemic and future
Authors: Lichtenstein Albert , Buck Lisa , Nease Donald
Published: September 2022

The Balint Method has been used worldwide since Michael and Enid Balint developed it in the 1950s. Even with the proliferation of Balint groups there were still doctors and other clinicians who did not have local access. The online format was developed to provide Balint groups to those individuals. With the pandemic the majority of clinicians were unable to get together in person. The online format provided a lifeline for Balint work. This article provides a short history of the development of Balint online, how the pandemic affected further development, and a summary of what was learned from that experience.
New Zealand border restrictions amidst COVID-19 and their impacts on temporary migrant workers
Authors: Liu Liangni Sally , Ran Guanyu Jason , Jia Xiaoyun
Published: September 2022

In September 2021, Immigration New Zealand (INZ) announced the offer of a one-off residence visa category – the 2021 Resident Visa, to over 165,000 temporary migrant workers and their family members living in the country. The offer was a response to the backlog and growing numbers of applications that INZ was unable to attend to largely because of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on relevant statistical data, news media reports and available academic publications, this research note examines how New Zealand’s sanitization policies during the pandemic affected the lives of temporary migrant workers who hold various work visas.
Feeling Appreciated Predicts Prosocial Motivation in Avoidantly Attached Individuals
Authors: Schrage Kristina M. , Le Bonnie M. , Stellar Jennifer E. , Impett Emily A.
Published: September 2022

Prosocial motivation is an important ingredient for satisfying relationships. However, individuals high in attachment avoidance—those who fear closeness and prefer independence—often display reduced prosocial motivation for their romantic partner. In two daily experience studies ( Ntotal = 324), we examined whether feeling appreciated by a romantic partner would buffer this negative link. When avoidantly attached individuals felt highly appreciated by their partner, they displayed greater prosocial motivation; specifically, they were more willing to sacrifice, and did so with the intention to benefit their partner (Studies 1 and 2). These effects did not emerge for other, less prosocial motives for sacrifice, such as to benefit oneself or avoid negative outcomes. Furthermore, one reason why avoidantly attached individuals were more prosocial when they felt appreciated is because they felt more committed to the relationship (Study 2). These findings reveal the importance of feeling appreciated, especially among individuals who typically neglect a partner’s needs.
Virtually Assisted Personalized Tracheostomy Tube Design in Pediatric Complex Airway Anomalies
Authors: Evans Sean S. , Richardson Clare , Friedman Seth D. , Bly Randall A. , Johnson Kaalan E. , Dahl John P. , Parikh Sanjay R. , Bonilla‐Velez Juliana
Published: September 2022

We sought to assess the feasibility of virtually assisted personalized tracheostomy tube (vapTT) implementation for patients with congenital airway anomalies (CAAs) and persistent tracheostomy tube (TT)–related respiratory failure at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Three patients (0‐18 years) with CAAs and recurrent TT‐related respiratory complications were managed with vapTT over 5 years. Patients underwent airway computed tomography acquisition with 3‐dimensional reconstruction and TT virtual modeling for shape customization. Models were transferred to Bivona for fabrication based on industry‐standard materials and processes. Clinical information and tracheoscopies assessing position, obstruction, and granulation were reviewed. Patients demonstrated resolution of visualized TT‐related obstruction, granulation, or ulceration and de‐escalation of respiratory support. Clinical events requiring urgent tracheoscopy decreased in all 3 patients. Sufficient relief of critical airway obstruction allowed progression of medical care and/or discharge. VapTTs are feasible for patients with CAA. This new frontier in personalized devices may serve uniquely challenging patient populations for whom standard treatments have failed.
Practice and learning the piano: Motivation and self-regulation
Authors: Cheng Zijia , Southcott Jane
Published: September 2022

Across the globe, students begin and continue learning the piano for various reasons. For many this can be an engaging and enjoyable activity which enhances their commitment to learning. Foundational in this process, practice is an essential part of piano learning. Without the excitement of performing for others, for some practice may become uninteresting and repetitious. Ultimately, boredom may affect piano learners and obstruct their commitment and progress. In this article, we explore what motivates upper primary and secondary school piano learners to practice and how piano teachers can stimulate piano learners’ intrinsic motivations. We observed 34 upper primary and secondary school piano learners’ lessons in Melbourne, Australia. Subsequently, we interviewed the participants. Following thematic analysis, the findings revealed that students’ engagement with practice is influenced by their emotions, and by extrinsic factors such as parental support for practice. We offer new interpretations of how to connect self-determination theory to self-regulation learning based on previous scholar’s works. This article can inform music educators in motivating students’ piano practice and leading students to achieve progress.
Spirituality and giftedness
Authors: Tirri Kirsi
Published: September 2022

Spirituality is an important domain in the holistic education of gifted students. The definition of transformational giftedness makes it possible to emphasize spiritual domain in student development. Spirituality provides possibilities to reflect on the values and meanings of life that could provide purpose for gifted students in their studies and for their future lives. The concepts of religion and spirituality are defined, and their different roles clarified in the context of education. Spiritual sensitivity is introduced as a human capacity that can be measured scientifically with the spiritual sensitivity questionnaire instrument. Research findings among young generation and gifted students indicate that mystery-sensing, contemplation, and search for meaning in life are important aspects in spirituality of our generation.
“Black Women Don’t Always Put Our Healthcare First”: Facilitators and Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening and Perceptions of Human Papillomavirus Self-Testing Among Church-Affiliated African American Women
Authors: Christensen Kelsey , Bauer Alexandria G. , Burgin Tacia , Williams Joah , McDowd Joan , Sutkin Gary , Bennett Kymberly , Bowe Thompson Carole , Berkley-Patton Jannette Y.
Published: September 2022

Background: African American women are at greater risk for cervical cancer incidence and mortality than White women. Up to 90% of cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPVs) infections. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) co-developed HPV self-test kits to increase access to screening, which may be critical for underserved populations. Purpose/Research Design: This mixed methods study used the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine attitudes, barriers, facilitators, and intentions related to receipt of cervical cancer screening and perceptions of HPV self-testing among church-affiliated African American women. Study Sample/Data Collection: Participants ( N = 35) aged 25–53 participated in focus groups and completed a survey. Results: Seventy-four percent of participants reported receipt of cervical cancer screening in the past 3 years. Healthcare providers and the church were supportive referents of screening. Past trauma and prioritizing children’s healthcare needs were screening barriers. Concerns about HPV self-testing included proper test administration and result accuracy. Conclusions: Strategies to mitigate these concerns (e.g., delivering HPV self-test kits to the health department) are discussed.
Are Pathologists Self-Aware of Their Diagnostic Accuracy? Metacognition and the Diagnostic Process in Pathology
Authors: Clayton Dayna A. , Eguchi Megan M. , Kerr Kathleen F. , Miyoshi Kiyofumi , Brunyé Tad T. , Drew Trafton , Weaver Donald L. , Elmore Joann G.
Published: September 2022

Background

Metacognition is a cognitive process that involves self-awareness of thinking, understanding, and performance. This study assesses pathologists’ metacognition by examining the association between their diagnostic accuracy and self-reported confidence levels while interpreting skin and breast biopsies.

Design

We studied 187 pathologists from the Melanoma Pathology Study (M-Path) and 115 pathologists from the Breast Pathology Study (B-Path). We measured pathologists’ metacognitive ability by examining the area under the curve (AUC), the area under each pathologist’s receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve summarizing the association between confidence and diagnostic accuracy. We investigated possible relationships between this AUC measure, referred to as metacognitive sensitivity, and pathologist attributes. We also assessed whether higher metacognitive sensitivity affected the association between diagnostic accuracy and a secondary diagnostic action such as requesting a second opinion.

Results

We found no significant associations between pathologist clinical attributes and metacognitive AUC. However, we found that pathologists with higher AUC showed a stronger trend to request secondary diagnostic action for inaccurate diagnoses and not for accurate diagnoses compared with pathologists with lower AUC.

Limitations

Pathologists reported confidence in specific diagnostic terms, rather than the broader classes into which the diagnostic terms were later grouped to determine accuracy. In addition, while there is no gold standard for the correct diagnosis to determine the accuracy of pathologists’ interpretations, our studies achieved a high-quality reference diagnosis by using the consensus diagnosis of 3 experienced pathologists.

Conclusions

Metacognition can affect clinical decisions. If pathologists have self-awareness that their diagnosis may be inaccurate, they can request additional tests or second opinions, providing the opportunity to correct inaccurate diagnoses.

Highlights

Metacognitive sensitivity varied across pathologists, with most showing higher sensitivity than expected by chance. None of the demographic or clinical characteristics we examined was significantly associated with metacognitive sensitivity. Pathologists with higher metacognitive sensitivity were more likely to request additional tests or second opinions for their inaccurate diagnoses.
Biological mechanism of surgery-mediated acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement: A narrative review
Authors: Hu Yun , Li Hegang
Published: September 2022

Surgery-mediated acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement (SAOTM) has been proven effective for decades. Research has confirmed that surgical approaches play an important role in adult patients with a short orthodontic treatment time. The mechanism of SAOTM involves short-term acceleration of localized hard and soft tissue remodeling, known as the regional acceleratory phenomenon. However, no relevant review on the biological mechanism of SAOTM has been performed to date. The proposed biological mechanism of acceleration of OTM involves the participation of various cells, cytokines, and signaling pathways. We herein review the relevant literature and summarize the biological mechanism of SAOTM to provide new insights for further research on acceleration of OTM.
Modeling the Frequency of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Crashes at Intersections: Big Data-driven Evidence From Maryland
Authors: Mahmoudi Jina , Xiong Chenfeng , Yang Mofeng , Luo Weiyu
Published: September 2022

This study leverages big location-based service data collected from mobile devices in 2019 to conduct a pedestrian and bicyclist safety analysis. Statistical models are estimated for pedestrian and bicyclist crash frequency at Maryland intersections using location-based service data as risk exposure data. The analysis is performed by employing prominent frequency modeling methodologies, including Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial regression techniques. The findings indicate that inclusion of big location-based service exposure data in the analysis improves the performance of the models. Further, the results suggest that key contributing factors to pedestrian and bicyclist crashes at Maryland intersections include the following: (i) intersection design- and traffic-related attributes, such as the number of intersection legs, presence of a traffic signal, and average level of traffic stress rating, as well as safety risk exposure measures, such as the average daily pedestrian, bicyclist, and vehicle volumes at the intersection; (ii) travel-related attributes, including public transportation and nonmotorized mode shares within the intersection’s census block group; (iii) land use and built environment attributes, such as road network density, activity density, and extent of walkability within the census block group; (iv) socioeconomic and sociodemographic attributes, including the percentage of low-income workers, households with no vehicles, African American population, and senior population within the census block group. The findings of the study show how big location-based service exposure data can be utilized to identify pedestrian and bicyclist safety risks and guide data-driven, evidence-based policy decision-making to improve the safety of vulnerable road users.
Prevalence and Correlates of Military Sexual Trauma in Service Members and Veterans: Results From the 2018 Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey
Authors: Mota Natalie , Sommer Jordana L. , Bolton Shay-Lee , Enns Murray W. , El-Gabalawy Renée , Sareen Jitender , MacLean Mary Beth , Hall Amy L. , Sudom Kerry , Silins Stacey , Garber Bryan , Afifi Tracie O.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Military sexual trauma (MST) is an ongoing problem. We used a 2002 population-based sample, followed up in 2018, to examine: (1) the prevalence of MST and non-MST in male and female currently serving members and veterans of the Canadian Armed Forces, and (2) demographic and military correlates of MST and non-MST.

Methods

Data came from the 2018 Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey (n = 2,941, ages 33 years + ). Individuals endorsing sexual trauma were stratified into MST and non-MST and compared to individuals with no sexual trauma. The prevalence of lifetime MST was computed, and correlates of sexual trauma were examined using multinomial regression analyses.

Results

The overall prevalence of MST was 44.6% in females and 4.8% in males. Estimates were comparable between currently serving members and veterans. In adjusted models in both sexes, MST was more likely among younger individuals (i.e., 33–49 years), and MST and non-MST were more likely in those reporting more non-sexual traumatic events. Among females, MST and non-MST were more likely in those reporting lower household income, non-MST was less likely among Officers, and MST was more likely among those with a deployment history and serving in an air environment. Unwanted sexual touching by a Canadian military member or employee was the most prevalent type and context of MST.

Interpretation

A high prevalence of MST was observed in a follow-up sample of Canadian Armed Forces members and veterans. Results may inform further research as well as MST prevention efforts.
Mechanical properties of all-C/C composite hybrid bonded/bolted joints
Authors: Tang Yuling , Ren Yuhe , Zhao Wei , Zhou Zhengong , Han Lu
Published: September 2022

In this paper, experiments and numerical simulations were used to study the mechanical properties of all-C/C composite hybrid bonded/bolted joints. Experiments were conducted to investigate the failure mechanisms, modes, and strengths of composite single-lap joints, namely, bolted joints with and without bonds. The results demonstrated that the failure mode of all-C/C composite mechanical joints was bolt shear failure, while the failure mode of the bonded joints was cohesive force failure. In hybrid bonded/bolted joints, cohesive force failure of the adhesive layer and bolt shear failure have both been noted. The C/C composite plates of all joints were not discovered to have any evident deterioration. The load-displacement curve of the hybrid joints was a double-peak curve, the first peak load corresponds to bonding failure, and the second peak load corresponds to bolt failure. For the failure process, mode, and strength of hybrid (bonded/bolted) joints, a 3D progressive damage finite element model was proposed. It is based on the nonlinear finite element code ABAQUS and Hashion failure criteria. The VUMAT subroutine compiled Hashion failure criteria to simulate the damage of fiber and matrix in the composite material. Furthermore, the adhesive layer’s failure was simulated using the cohesive element. Comparing failure loads and failure modes to the outcomes of experiments served to validate the model. The gradual damage evolution process and failure mechanism of bonded and hybrid bonded/bolted joints were determined, as well as the mechanism by which the cohesive layer influences the mechanical properties of the hybrid bonded/bolted joints. On the mechanical characteristics of composite joints, the impacts of bolt diameter and adhesive layer modulus were investigated.
Testing the waters: The creation of Global Privateering, an open access database for St Malo's dossiers de prise
Authors: de Boer Tessa
Published: September 2022

The relevance of privateering-related archives for maritime history and (early modern) history at large has been increasingly recognized in the past decades. This recognition has gone hand in hand with the prominent role that these archives have assumed in some of the largest projects in the digital humanities, such as the Prize Papers project, which facilitates research into these collections and reveals the multiplicity of data that they contain. This article reports on the creation of Global Privateering, a (pilot) project that is striving to create a user-friendly open access database for a set of privateering dossiers from St Malo, France. It has been a collaboration across disciplines – namely, history and information technology – as well as educational establishments, partnering universities and vocational schooling. The creation of this open access maritime database has been a positive experience for all parties involved, as the complementarity of skills and expertise has been evident, and the benefits have been mutual and multiple. This inspires further exploration of such collaborations and the further expansion of the Global Privateering platform.
Dental Disorders in Wild and Domestic Pigs (Sus Scrofa): A Review
Authors: Okandeji Michael Efeturi , Lijoka Ayodeji David , Atiba Foluso Ayobami , Adebiyi Olufemi Adebukola , Olopade James Olukayode
Published: September 2022

Teeth in the mouth of vertebrates represent the modified descendants of bony dermal plates of ancestral fishes. Dental disorders, which are deviations of dental tissues origins, are derived from any or all of the dental tissues; enamel, dentin or cementum, and include dental abnormalities and diseases. These disorders can be influenced by genetic or environmental factors, or an interplay of both factors. This article reviews disorders that have been reported in both wild and domestic pigs and the frequency of occurrence of these conditions.
Financial Challenges of Nonprofits Serving People of Color: Original Survey Results
Authors: Kim Mirae , Li Bo
Published: September 2022

The recent influx of immigrants to the United States and the corresponding growth in racial/ethnic diversity has increased the visibility of nonprofits that serve primarily people of color (POC). Combining data from an original survey with Form 990 tax returns and Census records, this study focuses on nonprofits designed to serve particular racial and ethnic groups. We explore whether organizations that serve mainly POC or those led by POC face greater financial challenges than others. We find that POC-serving or POC-led nonprofits experience greater financial difficulties stemming from additional challenges in resource development and management. However, POC-serving nonprofits led by executives of color did not show additional disadvantages compared with those serving mainly POC but led by White executives or POC-led nonprofits serving mainly White individuals. We discuss the implications of racialized organizations and how understanding this issue can help address the financial vulnerability of POC-serving nonprofits.
Mediation and grassroots policing in China: Conflict resolution or social control?
Authors: Zhou Lingxiao
Published: September 2022

This article examines the practices of mediation that have become increasingly common in contemporary grassroots governance in China. The analysis focuses on the mode of governmentality embodied in the discourse on the ‘Fengqiao model’, which supplies a framework for hierarchizing and managing social conflict with the goal of keeping instability at bay. Based on 10 months of ethnographical research in various political-legal organizations within a single county, I found a grassroots governance apparatus that positions a recently invented institution – the Social Governance Centre – as the core organizational locus for coordinating a broadly distributed collection of daily operations aimed at preserving social stability. Analytically, I provide ideal-typical characterizations of three distinct conflict types – ordinary, abnormal, and tricky – to describe the discretionary decision-making by which local party-state operatives perceive and react to social conflicts based on their implications for the value of social stability. Drawn from conversations in the ethnographic literature on policing, this study of street-level mediation contributes to our understanding of how social conflict is rendered policeable, and it provides a case study of the use of mediation as a mode of police work in an authoritarian context.
Measurement of flow fluctuations induced by a dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator using hot-film sensors
Authors: Daliri Abbas , Maghrebi Mohammad Javad , Soltani Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2022

Hot-film sensors have been used to measure the boundary-layer fluctuations and subsequently to determine the boundary-layer states. In this paper, it is proposed to use hot-film sensors as a tool to measure the effects of plasma-induced ionic wind on the boundary-layer fluctuations which can be used to find the influence of the plasma actuator far downstream of the actuator. Time history and frequency response of the hot-film output voltage are investigated to explore the effects of plasma-induced wind downstream of the actuator. Also, the effects of the peak-to-peak voltage of a DBD plasma actuator on the fluctuations of the hot-film output voltages are discussed. It is showed that as far as the effects of ionic wind can be sensed by the hot-films, the control authority of the actuator is higher. It is concluded that induced velocity in the vicinity of the plasma actuator alone does not indicate the control authority of the plasma actuator.