bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Past, Present, and Future of Face Recognition: A Review
Authors: Adjabi Insaf , Ouahabi Abdeldjalil , Benzaoui Amir , Taleb-Ahmed Abdelmalik
Published: July 2020

Face recognition is one of the most active research fields of computer vision and pattern recognition, with many practical and commercial applications including identification, access control, forensics, and human-computer interactions. However, identifying a face in a crowd raises serious questions about individual freedoms and poses ethical issues. Significant methods, algorithms, approaches, and databases have been proposed over recent years to study constrained and unconstrained face recognition. 2D approaches reached some degree of maturity and reported very high rates of recognition. This performance is achieved in controlled environments where the acquisition parameters are controlled, such as lighting, angle of view, and distance between the camera-subject. However, if the ambient conditions (e.g., lighting) or the facial appearance (e.g., pose or facial expression) change, this performance will degrade dramatically. 3D approaches were proposed as an alternative solution to the problems mentioned above. The advantage of 3D data lies in its invariance to pose and lighting conditions, which has enhanced recognition systems efficiency. 3D data, however, is somewhat sensitive to changes in facial expressions. This review presents the history of face recognition technology, the current state-of-the-art methodologies, and future directions. We specifically concentrate on the most recent databases, 2D and 3D face recognition methods. Besides, we pay particular attention to deep learning approach as it presents the actuality in this field. Open issues are examined and potential directions for research in facial recognition are proposed in order to provide the reader with a point of reference for topics that deserve consideration.
A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?
Authors: Sidhom Karim , Obi Patience O. , Saleem Ayesha
Published: July 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles secreted by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in intercellular communication. EVs are classified into several subtypes based on their origin, physical characteristics, and biomolecular makeup. Exosomes, a subtype of EVs, are released by the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane of the cell. Several methods have been described in literature to isolate exosomes from biofluids including blood, urine, milk, and cell culture media among others. While differential ultracentrifugation (dUC), has been widely used to isolate exosomes, other techniques including ultrafiltration, precipitating agents such as poly-ethylene glycol (PEG), immunoaffinity capture, microfluidics and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) have emerged as credible alternatives with pros and cons associated with each. In this review, we provide a summary of commonly used exosomal isolation methodologies with a focus on SEC as an ideal methodology. We argue that exosomes isolated via SEC are relatively pure and functional, and that this methodology is reproducible and scalable, of low-cost, and does not require specialized equipment or user expertise.
Cu(I) Complexes of Multidentate N,C,N- and P,C,P-Carbodiphosphorane Ligands and their Photoluminescence
Authors: Klein Marius , Demirel Nemrud , Schinabeck Alexander , Yersin Hartmut , Sundermeyer Jörg
Published: July 2020

A series of dinuclear copper(I) N,C,N- and P,C,P-carbodiphosphorane (CDP) complexes using multidentate ligands CDP(Py)2 (1) and (CDP(CH2PPh2)2 (13) have been isolated and characterized. Detailed structural information was gained by single crystal XRD analyses of nine representative examples. The common structural motive is the central double ylidic carbon atom with its characteristic two lone-pairs involved into binding of two geminal L-Cu(I) fragments at Cu-Cu distances in the range 2.55 – 2.67 Å. In order to enhance conformational rigidity within the characteristic Cu-C-Cu triangle, two types of chelating side arms were symmetrically attached to each phosphorus atom: two 2-pyridyl functions in ligand CDP(Py)2 (1) and its dinuclear copper complexes 2-9 and 11, as well as two diphenylphosphinomethylene functions in ligand CDP(CH2PPh2)2 (13) and its di- and mononuclear complexes 14-18. Neutral complexes were typically obtained via reaction of 1 with Cu(I) species CuCl, CuI, and CuSPh or via salt elimination reaction of [(CuCl)2(CDP(Py)2] (2) with sodium carbazolate. Cationic Cu(I) complexes were prepared upon treating 1 with two equivalents of [Cu(NCMe)4]PF6, followed by the addition of either two equivalent of an aryl phosphine (PPh3, P(C6H4OMe)3) or one equivalent of a bisphosphine ligands DPEPhos, XantPhos or dppf. For the first time carbodiphosphorane CDP(CH2PPh2)2 (13) could be isolated upon treating its precursor [CH(dppm)2]Cl (12) with NaNH2 in liquid NH3. A protonated and a deprotonated derivative of ligand 13 were prepared and their coordination was compared to neutral CDP ligand 13. NMR analysis and DFT calculations reveal, that the most stable tautomer of 13 does not show a CDP (or carbone) structure in its uncoordinated base form. For most of the prepared complexes, photoluminescence upon irradiation with UV light at room temperature was observed. Quantum yields (PL) were determined to 36% for dicationic [(CuPPh3)2(CDP(Py)2)](PF6)2 (4) and to 60% for neutral [(CuSPh)2(CDP(CH2PPh2)2] (16).
Executive Functions and Cannabis Use in Adolescents
Authors: Frolli Alessandro , Ricci Maria Carla , Cavallaro Antonella , Lombardi Agnese , Pastorino Grazia Maria Giovanna , Operto Francesca Felicia
Published: July 2020

The developmental phase of adolescence is characterized by a multitude of neurocognitive and psychosocial changes and is therefore considered one of the most critical developmental periods of life. Experimentation on the use of substances often begins in adolescence and so does the addiction process. Most research in human subjects shows that chronic cannabis abuse is the cause of the impairment of some cognitive functions, affecting the performance on divided attention, verbal memory and working memory. In this study, we wanted to investigate how the abuse of cannabis (chronic, occasional and absence use) can influence global cognitive functioning, also through executive functions. From the statistical analyzes of our study, it emerges that the group of subjects who use chronic cannabis (group 1) has a significant drop in working memory tasks compared to the group that does not use it (group 3). In addition, the goal of future studies by our group is to verify the permanent alteration of cognitive processes affected through revaluations with calendar follow-up (controlled).
Physico-mechanical properties of cattle hide leather for working gloves with flame retardant addition
Authors: Pahlawan Iwan Fajar , Griyanitasari Gresy
Published: July 2020

Objective: Indonesian metal casting industry is a labor-oriented industry which involves thermal application in the workplace. Thus, it is essential to protect the workers for any risks during their activity. Leather gloves, as personal protective equipment, need to be manufactured that can prevent the workers from burn injured. The study aimed to analyze the effect of flame retardant addition on finished leather’s physical and mechanical properties for a specific article, i.e. working gloves.

Methods: The research used pickled cattle hides and commercial flame retardant as main materials. The leather chemicals used in the process are those which is commonly used to manufacture working gloves leather article. The treatments involved the addition of commercial flame retardant in fatliquoring (2%, 4%, 6% w/w) and finishing process (100 parts, 200 parts, 300 parts). The effect of flame retardant addition on shrinkage percentage, thickness, rub fastness, tensile strength, and elongation at break, were evaluated. Descriptive analysis is applied to describe the properties of the resulted finished leather.

Results: The result shows that the addition of flame retardant in fatliquoring and finishing process indicates a variation in the leather’s physical-mechanical properties. The leather, manufactured with the addition of 4% (w/w) in fatliquoring, shrunk 7.65±1.42%, had tensile strength value at 520.48±13.79 kg/cm2, good rub fastness at dry and wet basis (5 and 4/5), elongation value at 52.9±4.09%, and thickness 0.87±0.02 mm.

Conclusions: it can be concluded that the use of 4% (w/w) flame retardant in fatliquoring is suggested to be the best formulation to produce working gloves leather.
PENGARUH PIJAT BAYI TERHADAP KENAIKAN BERAT BADAN DAN KUALITAS TIDUR BAYI DI PUSKESMAS JETIS YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Fauziah Afroh , Wijayanti Heny Noor
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 900/MENKES/SK/VII/2002 tentang Registrasi dan Praktek Bidan menyebutkan bahwa bidan berwenang memantau tumbuh kembang bayi melalui deteksi dini dan stimulasi tumbuh kembang. Salah satu bentuk stimulasi yang selama ini dilakukan oleh masyarakat adalah dengan pijat bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh  Pijat Bayi Terhadap Perubahan Berat Badan Dan Kualiatas Tidur Bayi Di Puskesmas Jetis, Yogyakarta.

Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian ini diilakukan di Puskesmas Jetis, Yogyakarta. Populasi dan sampel yaitu ibu yang memiliki anak usia 3-12 bulan sejumlah 33 responden. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariabel dan bivariabel dengan uji statistik Fisher's Exact Test.

Hasil: Hasil yang didapatkan adalah tidak ada pengaruh antara Pijat Bayi terhadap kenaikan Berat Badan dan Kualitas Tidur Bayi. Harapannya dengan penelitian ini akan menciptakan solusi-solusi terhadap kendala-kendala yang umumnya terjadi dimasyarakat berguna untuk mendukung/ meningkatkan derajat kesehatan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak.

Simpulan: Tidak ada pengaruh antara Pijat Bayi terhadap kenaikan Berat Badan dan Kualitas Tidur Bayi.

 
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU POSTPARTUM TERHADAP METODE KOTRASEPSI MAL
Authors: Mulyani Sri
Published: July 2020

Latar belakang: Ibu postpartum berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan pada 15 Desember 2015 di Rumah Sakit Surakarta, informasi yang diperoleh 60% wanita nifas tidak mengetahui tentang metode kontrasepsi MAL dan ibu cenderung memiliki sikap negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap ibu postpartum terhadap metode kontrasepsi amenore laktasi di Rumah Sakit Surakarta 2016.

Metode: Metode penelitian adalah desain observasional analitik menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel adalah accidental sampling. Jumlah sampel adalah 67 ibu postpartum di Rumah Sakit Surakarta yang memenuhi kriteria pembatasan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner menggunakan skala Likert dan Guttmanscale. Teknik analisis data univariat menggunakan korelasi Pearson product moment dan analisis data bivariat menggunakan uji lambda.

Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 67 responden yang memiliki pengetahuan baik adalah 21 (31,3%), pengetahuan cukup adalah 30 (44,8%) dan pengetahuan kurang adalah 16 (23,9%). Responden dengan sikap baik adalah 39 (58,2%), responden 28 (41,4%) memiliki sikap negatif terhadap kontrasepsi MAL.
Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan yang antara pengetahuan dan sikap ibu postpartum terhadap metode kontrasepsi amenore laktasi di rumah sakit di kota Surakarta
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA DI KELURAHAN WONOREJO KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Nurma Yuneta Agus Eka , Hardiningsih Hardiningsih , Yunita Fresthy Astrika
Published: July 2020

Latar belakang: Angka kematian balita (AKBA) merupakan indikator utama derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Balita yang mengalami gizi kurang pada dua tahun pertama kehidupannya, akan terjadi keterlambatan pertumbuhan fisik dan mental. Berdasarkan data dinas kesehatan tahun 2015 triwulan ketiga di Jawa Tengah angka kematian balita sebanyak 4.258 kasus, tahun 2014 sebanyak 6.486 kasus (11,54 per1.000 Kelahiran hidup). Persentase balita dengan gizi kurang ada 2,73%, gizi buruk ada 0,38%. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu dan status gizi balita di Kelurahan Wonorejo Karanganyar.

Subjek dan Metode: Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di posyandu kelurahan Wonorejo Kabupaten Karanganyar. Populasi penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai balita usia 1-5 tahun dan semua balita di posyandu kelurahan Wonorejo. Teknik pencuplikan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling. Alat ukur dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan ibu, untuk mengukur status gizi balita dengan mengukur berat badan menggunakan dacin atau timbangan injak.

Hasil: Hasil analisis data menggunakan Kendall’s tau didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05) yang menyatakan terdapat korelasi yang bermakna dan nilai korelasi pada penelitian ini adalah sebesar 0,482 yang menyatakan kekuatan korelasi sedang dengan arah yang positif.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu dan status gizi balita di Kelurahan Wonorejo.
OBESITAS TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK KASAR PADA ANAK BALITA
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Musfiroh Mujahidatul , Cahyanto Erindra Budi , Sumiyarsi Ika , Nugraheni Angesti
Published: July 2020

Latar belakang : Anak balita yang mengalami kegemukan akan cenderung malas bergerak dan beraktivitas sehingga akan berakibat pada keterampilan dan perkembangan motoriknya menjadi terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan dan seberapa besar pengaruh obesitas terhadap perkembangan motorik kasar anak balita.

 

Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analaitik dengan pendekatan case control prospektif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah quota sampling dengan menetukan kelompok kasus, yaitu sejumlah 15 anak dengan obesitas dan kelmpok kontrol sejumlah 15 anak yang ditentukan berdasarkan kriteri matching jenis kelamin dan umur. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara melakukan pengukuran berat badan, tinggi badan dan menilai perkembangan motorik kasar menggunakan DDST II. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square.

 

Hasil Penelitian : penelitian ini menunjukan (1) adanya hubungan signifikan antara obesitas dengan perkembangan motorik kasar anak usia 12-59 bulan (p=0,001), (2) anak dengan Obesitas memiliki risiko 12 kali lebih besar mengalami perkembangan motorik kasar yang tidak sesuai usia dibandingkan anak yang tidak obesitas (RR=12).
Simpulan : Ada hubungan signifikan antara obesitas dengan perkembangan motorik kasar pada anak balita.
Internalisasi Nilai Kearifan Lokal Pobinci-Binciki Kuli pada Usahawan Buton dalam Etika Bisnis Syariah untuk Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan
Authors: Tamsir Tamsir , Abdullah Muhammad Wahyuddin , Hasaruddin Hasaruddin
Published: July 2020

This study aims to interpret the value of local wisdom of the Buton's natives pobinci-binciki kuli through entrepreneurs and then internalize it in sharia business ethics to achieve prosperity and well beings of the people. The approach used in this study is an ethnographic approach that makes Central Buton as a center of research. The findings in this study are the values of the local wisdom of Buton's island natives pobinci-binciki kuli which can be internalized in Islamic business ethics as follows: Defining value, pomae-maeaka (mutual shame) internalized in nature siddiq (integrity), internalized in value poma-maasiaka (love one another) internalized in nature fatonah (Intelligence), internalized in values of popia-piara (mutual protection) internalized in nature of amanah (trustworthy) and the value of poangka-ngkataka (mutual support) internalized in nature tabligh (communicative). These are the identities inherent in the Prophet Muhammad. when running a business. Therefore, sharia business ethics in real terms have been applied by the people of Central Buton through the local wisdom of Buton's natives, known as the pobinci binciki kuli. These values have brought Central Buton’s entrepreneurs to achieve prosperity oriented to the world and hereafter.
Peranan Perbankan Syariah Terhadap Pengembangan Modal Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM)
Authors: Fathurrahman Ayif , Fadilla Jihan
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic banking toward the development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) capital in Yogyakarta. This test uses primary data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires with analysis tools using SPSS 20 software. The sampling method in this study used purposive sampling where 100 samples were selected according to the research criteria. In this study using the sample criteria with microfinance customers in Islamic banking in Yogyakarta. The data analysis technique in this test is multiple regression analysis. So, the results obtained in this test show that the variables of assistance, accessibility, and financing products have a positive and significant effect on capital development. However, the service variable does not have a positive and significant effect on MSMEs’ capital development in Yogyakarta.
Eksistensi dan Peran Koperasi Jasa Keuangan Syariah di Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Hervina Hervina
Published: July 2020

Dinamika KJKS di Indonesia telah menyebar ke pelbagi pelosok negeri tanpa terkecuali di Wilayah Kalimantan Timur. Sebagai salah satu motor penggerak ekonomi syari’ah bagi kaum muslimin, tentunya eksistensi dan peran dari KJKS ini sangat dibutuhkan. Kebutuhan masyarakat akan hadirnya lembaga keuangan syariah dalam bentuk koperasi, diharapkan dapat pula dirasakan hingga kalangan ekonomi menengah ke bawah. Kegelisahan masyarakat muslim tentang keberkahan financial mereka baik financial untuk menopang modal ataupun sebagai investasi telah menjadi mindset dalam mengelola ekonomi/finasial mereka. Terlebih lagi, masyarakat Kalimantan Timur yang mayoritas muslim dan memiliki peluang ekonomi yang lebih baik, tentunya akan menjadi obyek garapan menarik bagi KJKS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali lebih mendalam tentang eksistensi dan peran KJKS di Kaltim, memotret contoh-contoh inovasi dan strategi marketing yang dikembangkan oleh KJKS Kaltim serta untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor pendukung serta yang menjadi tantangan dan pengembangan KJKS di Kaltim. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field work research) yang akan menggali tentang KJKS di Kalimantan Timur dengan studi implementasi terhadap eksistensi dan kiprah KJKS. Dalam melakukan pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan tiga macam teknik, yaitu: observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan model analisis interaktif Milles adn Hubberman. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu: Eksistensi KJKS di Kalimantan Timur terus melahirkan lembaga-lembaga baru, baik yang bersifat ekspansi secara nasional melalui koperasi induk dengan pembukaan cabang-cabang di beberapa daerah maupun yang bersifat lokal. Kemunculan berbagai KJKS ini merupakan perwujudan dari usaha sadar untuk melegalisasi seluruh usaha di bidang koperasi dengan berdasarkan syari’at Islam. Hal ini juga sebagai sebagai jawaban terhadap tanggung jawab muslim yang seyogianya menyadari bahwa dalam Islampun terdapat ajaran dan nilai-nilai yang berkaitan dengan koperasi. Berkaitan dengan peran dari KJKS yang penulis teliti secara sederhana dibagi dua, yakni peran internal; dan peran eksternal. Peran internal bahwa para nasabah mendapatkan pelayanan optimal dengan sistem syari’ah yang menghilangkan rasa keragu-raguan, artinya kaum muslim yang uingin secara istiqamah menjalankan syari’ah Islam khususnya pada bidang koperasi telah memiliki wadah tersendiri. Sedangkan secara eksternal peran KJKS yang penulis teliti juga telah membuka jaringan sosial untuk saling berbagi terhadap lingkungan sosialnya, di antaranya di bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan dan juga di bidang agama.
Hak Menunaikan Ibadah bagi Buruh di Kota Gerbang Salam Pamekasan (Tinjauan Hukum Islam dan Undang-undang ketenagakerjaan)
Authors: Wardi Moch Cholid
Published: July 2020

This research is trying to delve how the company or the employer put their laborers as human beings who at least pays attention on the three aspects of the employee’s right; they are recognition, appreciation and worship. In one side, it cannot be denied that the laborers need the appropriate management, facilities, and salary, but in another side, the employer needs to pay more attention on their needs as human being such as the need to do worship as they believe. There has been an interesting phenomenon about doing the worship for laborers happened in Pamekasan, and it becomes the focus of this research. It is how the laborers’ reality deals with the rights to do worship and how is the review of it from the Islamic law and the Labors law’s perspectives.  Pamekasan with its jargon “Gerbang Salam” should have had a significant role in treating the laborers well deals with worship because theoretically it is legalized by the syara’  (Islamic law) and the constitution. This research used qualitative approach with developmental research kind. The result shows that there are some different regulations between one employer to another employers in applying the  rights to do worship  for the laborers. While from islam's prespective, this reality does not ban the laborers' right to do worship so that it can be categorized as maslahah hajiyah. It is in line with the Labor laws which does not forbit the laborers to do worship. All laborers are given such enough time to do worship although it may be different on it's length in some places because there is no exact regulation on the length of time to do worship in Pamekasan.
Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru melalui Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah dan Supervisi Pendidikan
Authors: Susmiyati Sri , Zurqoni Zurqoni
Published: July 2020

The research based on the phenomenon that indicates Madrasah Tsanawiyah’s  teachers in Samarinda has a good performance when their headmaster lead them effectively and supervision of functional agencies. The purpose of this research are: (a) to describe the quality of the leadership of headmasters of Madrasah Tsanawiyah, (b) to describe   the quality of educational supervision of Madrasah Tsanawiyah, (c) to describe the quality of the teachers performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah, (d) to find out the influence of  headmasters’ leadership  on the teachers performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah partially, (e) to find out the influence of education supervision on the teachers performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah partially, and (f) to find out the influence of headmasters’ leadership  and education supervision on the teachers performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah  in Samarinda simultaneously. The entire study population Madrasah Tsanawiyah teachers of Samarinda amount  629 people, while the sample are 76 teachers  applied multi - stage sampling technique. Determination of madrasah through purposive sampling technique, whereas the selection of respondents conducted through random sampling technique. Data collection used questionnaire techniques, while the data analysis techniques used Multiple Linier Regression Analysis. The result of this research concluded as follows. The headmasters’ leadership based teachers’ assessment are categorized as good (μ= 4,09), while the implementation of education supervision are in good category (μ = 3,92), and the teachers’ performance  are in good category (μ = 4,01). Partial leadership has a strong influence on the teachers’ performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah (r= 0.73). The headmasters’ leadership contributed 54.6 % to the effect for improving the quality of teachers performance. Partial implementation of educational supervision has a strong influence on the teacher performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah (r = 0.72). Implementation of educational supervision contributed 53% to the effect  for improving the quality of teacher performance. Headmasters’ leadership and implementation of educational supervision simultaneously have a strong influence on the teachers performance of Madrasah Tsanawiyah  (r = 0.74). Headmasters’ leadership and implementation of educational supervision contributied  56.1 % for improving  the quality of teacher performance.
Protocol for a retrospective cohort study for evaluating the early antibiotics use in non-severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Yin Xiaoxv , Liu Li , Xu Xing , Huang Lei , Jing Ping , Li Hui , Jiang Nan , Wang Jing , Lu Zuxun , Gong Yanhong , Xiong Nian , Li Changjun
Published: July 2020

The use of antibiotics is common in the treatment of COVID-19, but adequate evaluation is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic use in non-severe COVID-19 patients, particularly in patients admitted with low risk of bacterial infection. This is a multi-center retrospective cohort study. Patients are screened strictly according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria and are divided into two groups based on antibiotics exposure. The exposure is defined as the treatment of antibiotics prescribed within 48 hours after admission, with a course of treatment≥3 days; and patients in this group are classified as early antibiotic use group. Otherwise, patients are classified as the non early antibiotic use group. The primary end point of the study is progressing from non-severe type COVID-19 into severe type. This is the first protocol to put a focus on the transformation of the severity of the disease, based on a multi-center retrospective cohort design.
The fraction of Nitrous Oxide in oxygen for facilitating Lung collapse During One-Lung Ventilation with double lumen tube
Authors: liang chao , Lv Yuechang , Shi Yu , Cang Jing , Miao Changhong
Published: July 2020

Background: The ideal fraction of nitrous oxide (N2O) in oxygen (O2) for rapid lung collapse remains unclear. Accordingly, this prospective trial aimed to determine the 50% effective concentration (EC50) and 95% effective concentration (EC95) of N2O in O2 for rapid lung collapse. Methods: This study included 38 consecutive patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The lung collapse score (LCS) of each patient during one-lung ventilation was evaluated by the same surgeon. The first patient received 30% N2O in O2, and the subsequent N2O fraction in O2 was determined by the LCS of the previous patient using the Dixon up-and-down method. The testing interval was set at 10%, and the lowest concentration was 10% (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50%). The EC50 and EC95 of N2O in O2 for rapid lung collapse were analyzed using a probit test.Results: According to the up-and-down method, the N2O fraction in O2 at which all patients exhibited successful lung collapse was 50%. The EC50 and EC95 of N2O in O2 for rapid lung collapse were 27.7% (95% confidence interval 19.9%–35.7%) and 48.7% (95% confidence interval 39.0%–96.3%), respectively.Conclusions: In patients undergoing VATS, the EC50 and EC95 of N2O in O2 for rapid lung collapse were 27.7% and 48.7%, respectively.Trial registration: http://www.chictr.org/cn/ Identifier ChiCTR19 00021474, registered on 22 February 2019
Antibiotic-induced alterations and repopulation dynamics of yellowtail kingfish microbiota
Authors: Legrand Thibault Philippe Raymond Albert , Catalano Sarah R. , Wos-Oxley Melissa L. , Wynne James W. , Weyrich Laura S. , Oxley Andrew P.A.
Published: July 2020

Background The use of antibiotics in aquaculture is a common infection treatment and is increasing in some sectors and jurisdictions. While antibiotic treatment can negatively shift gut bacterial communities, recovery and examination of these communities in fish of commercial importance is not well documented. Examining the impacts of antibiotics on farmed fish microbiota is fundamental for improving our understanding and management of healthy farmed fish. This work assessed yellowtail kingfish ( Seriola lalandi ) skin and gut bacterial communities after an oral antibiotic combination therapy in poor performing fish that displayed signs of enteritis over an 18-day period. In an attempt to promote improved bacterial re-establishment after antibiotic treatment, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was also administered via gavage or in the surrounding seawater, and its affect was evaluated over 15 days post-delivery. Results Antibiotic treatment greatly perturbed the global gut bacterial communities of poor-performing fish – an effect that lasted for up to 18 days post treatment. This perturbation was marked by a significant decrease in species diversity and evenness, as well as a concomitant increase in particular taxa like an uncultured Mycoplasmataceae sp., which persisted and dominated antibiotic-treated fish for the entire 18-day period. The skin-associated bacterial communities were also perturbed by the antibiotic treatment, notably within the first 3 days; however, this was unlike the gut, as skin microbiota appeared to shift towards a more ‘normal’ (though disparate) state after 5 days post antibiotic treatment. FMT was only able to modulate the impacts of antibiotics in some individuals for a short time period, as the magnitude of change varied substantially between individuals. Some fish maintained certain transplanted gut taxa (i.e. present in the FMT inoculum; namely various Aliivibrio related ASVs) at Day 2 post FMT, although these were lost by Day 8 post FMT. Conclusion As we observed notable, prolonged perturbations induced by antibiotics on the gut bacterial assemblages, further work is required to better understand the processes/dynamics of their re-establishment following antibiotic exposure. In this regard, procedures like FMT represent a novel approach for promoting improved microbial recovery, although their efficacy and the factors that support their success requires further investigation.
LGR5 expression is associated with prognosis in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ehara Takehito , Uehara Takeshi , Nakajima Tomoyuki , Kinugawa Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shota , Iwaya Mai , Ota Hiroyoshi , Soejima Yuji
Published: July 2020

Background

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is an important cancer stem cell marker in gastric cancer. However, no detailed studies are available on LGR5 expression in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (PD-AC). Therefore, we investigated the relationship between LGR5 expression and clinicopathological data in PD-AC.

Methods

LGR5 expression was identified in 41 PD-AC cases using RNAscope, which is a highly sensitive RNA in situ hybridization method. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection was also detected by EBV in situ hybridization.

Results

LGR5 expression was identified in 38 of 41 PD-AC cases, and 17 cases were identified as LGR5 high. The frequency of EBV positivity tended to be higher in the LGR5 -low group than in the LGR5 -high group (P=0.0764). Furthermore, the frequency of vascular invasion tended to be higher in the LGR5 -high group than in the LGR5 -low group (P=0.0764). The overall survival of PD-AC patients in the LGR5 -high group was significantly lower than in the LGR5 -low group (log-rank test, P=0.0108). The Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that the LGR5 -low group (HR=0.29; 95% CI: 0.11–0.74; P=0.01) showed independently better OS for PD-AC.

Conclusions

The correlation between high LGR5 expression and poor prognosis in PD-AC may be applicable to the development of LGR5 targeted therapy and prognostic markers. Further study is warranted.
Prevalence of Postural Hypotension in Primary, Community and Institutional Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: McDonagh Sinead TJ , Mejzner Natasha , Clark Christopher E
Published: July 2020

Background: Postural hypotension (PH), the reduction in blood pressure when rising from sitting or lying to standing, is a risk factor for falls, cognitive decline and mortality. However, it is not often tested for in primary care despite these associated risks. PH prevalence varies according to definition, population, care setting and measurement method. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PH across different care settings and disease subgroups.Methods: A systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regression were undertaken. We searched Medline and Embase to October 2019 for studies based in primary, community or institutional care settings reporting PH prevalence. Data and study level demographics were extracted independently by two reviewers. Pooled estimates for mean prevalence of PH were compared between care settings and disease subgroups using random effects meta-analyses. Predictors of PH were explored using meta-regression. Quality assessment of included studies was undertaken using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Results: 1816 studies were identified; 61 contributed to analyses. Pooled prevalences for PH using the consensus definition were 17% (95% CI, 14-20%) in the community, 19% (15-25%) in primary care and 31% (15-50%) in residential care or nursing homes (P=0.16 between groups). By condition, prevalences were 20% (16-24%) with hypertension, 21% (16-26%) with diabetes, 25% (18-33%) with Parkinson’s disease and 29% (25-33%) with dementia, compared to 14% (12-17%) without these conditions (P<0.01 between groups). Multivariable meta-regression modelling identified increasing age and diabetes as predictors of PH (P<0.01, P=0.13, respectively; R2=36%). PH prevalence was not affected by blood pressure measurement device (P=0.65) or sitting or supine resting position (P=0.24), however, when the definition of PH did not fulfil the consensus description, but fell within its parameters, prevalence was underestimated (P=0.01) irrespective of study quality (P=0.04).Conclusions: The prevalence of PH in populations relevant to primary care is substantial. The definition used is important when testing for PH. Our findings emphasise the importance of considering checking for PH, particularly in vulnerable populations, to enable interventions to manage it. These data should contribute to future guidelines relevant to the detection and treatment of postural hypotension.PROSPERO: CRD42017075423.
Clinical Features and Efficacy of Antiviral Drug, Arbidol in 220 Nonemergency COVID‐19 Patients from East-West-Lake Shelter Hospital in Wuhan: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Gao Wei , Chen Si , Wang Kun , Chen Rongzhang , Guo Qian , Lu Jingjing , Wu Xiaodong , He Yanan , Yan Qiaoyun , Wang Shengyun , Wang Feilong , Jin Li , Hua Jing , Li Qiang
Published: July 2020

Objective: We aimed to describe the features of 220 nonemergency (mild or common type) COVID-19 patients from a shelter hospital, as well as evaluate the efficiency of antiviral drug, Arbidol in their disease progressions.Methods: Basic clinical characteristics were described and the efficacy of Arbidol was evaluated based on gender, age, maximum body temperature of the patients.Results: Basically, males had a higher risk of fever and more onset symptoms than females. Arbidol could accelerate fever recovery and viral shedding in respiratory specimens, particularly in males. Arbidol also contributed to shorter hospital stay without obvious adverse reactions.Conclusions: In the retrospective COVID-19 cohort, gender was one of the important factors affecting patient's conditions. Arbidol showed several beneficial effects in these patients, especially in males. This study brought more researches enlightenment in understanding the emerging infectious disease.
Quantification of Spatial Structure Characteristics of Typical Natural Secondary Forest Gaps in Northeastern China
Authors: Bi Sifu , Tan Yifan , Wang Yao , Liu Meiwei , mao xuegang
Published: July 2020

Background: To understand the theory of forest cycle and reveal the relationship between forest gaps and forest structure, species composition and biodiversity, we need to study the spatial structure of forest gaps. However, the complexity of natural secondary forest structure makes it difficult to quantify the spatial structure characteristics of gaps in large areas by field measurement. In this study, aerial orthophotos, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR), were used as data sources. The experimental area was Maoer Mountain Forest Farm, a typical natural secondary forest in northeastern China, and we used the investigation data of forest resources as reference material. We extracted 1343 forest gaps by manual digitization combined with canopy height model correction. The spatial characteristics of the extracted gaps were quantified from the spatial characteristics (area, shape complexity index), spatial heterogeneity (gap height diversity index) and spatial distribution characteristics (Clark–Evans index) of individual gaps.Results: In the three types of natural secondary forest, the frequency distribution of gap area showed a negative exponential distribution: 90% of the gap area was less than 100 m2. As forests aged, the proportion of gap area decreased from young forest to near-mature forest, and increased from near-mature forest to over-mature forest. The maximum frequency range of shape index changed from 1.2 to 1.4 for young forest, middle age forest and near-mature forest; and which is from 1.4 to 1.6 for mature forest and over-mature forest. The gap height diversity index increased from young forest to near-mature forest, decreased when the forest was mature and increased when it was over-mature. The spatial pattern of forest gaps was mainly random. The proportion of random distribution increased from young forest to middle-aged forest, decreased from near-mature forest to mature forest and increased from over-mature forest.Conclusions: Most of the gaps in the natural secondary forest were small and medium-sized; the shapes were complex; the internal spatial heterogeneity was high; and the gaps were mostly randomly distributed. Use of aerial orthophoto and canopy height model sets was efficient and reliable in quantifying the spatial characteristics of forest gaps, and can replace the time-consuming (and usually field-based) measurement of their subjective spatial characteristics.
Biological Performance of a Bioabsorbable Magnesium–magnesium Phosphate Cement Interbody Fusion Cage in a Porcine Lumbar Interbody Fusion Model: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Wang Xuxuan , Zhang Yabin , Liu Yihao , Li Xiucan , Mao Keya
Published: July 2020

Background

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) is a novel biodegradable bone adhesive. The major drawback of the Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) cage for implantation is its high brittleness. The magnesium was presumed to compensate for the lack of toughness in the MPC cage. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of a bioabsorbable cage consisting of magnesium and magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) in a porcine lumbar interbody fusion model.
Methods

Twelve male Ba-Ma mini pigs underwent lumbar discectomy and fusion with an Mg−MPC cage or a PEEK cage at the L3/L4 and L4/L5 level. Computed tomography (CT) scans were made to evaluate the distractive property by comparing average disc space height (DSH) before and at 6, 12, and 24 weeks after the operation. After the lumbar spines were harvested at 6 or 24 weeks after the operation, micro-CT examination was conducted to analyze the fusion rate, and stiffness of motion segments was investigated through mechanical tests. A histological study was performed to evaluate the tissue type in the intervertebral space.
Results

CT scans showed no significant difference between the two groups in average DSH at each time point. Micro-CT scans revealed an equal fusion rate in both groups (0% at 6 weeks, 83.3% at 24 weeks). Both groups showed time-dependent increases in stability, the Mg−MPC cages achieved an inferior stiffness at 6 weeks and a comparable stiffness at 24 weeks. Histologic evaluation showed the presence of newly formed bone in both groups. However, empty spaces were observed at the interface or around the Mg−MPC cages.
Conclusion

Compared with the PEEK cages, the Mg−MPC cages achieved comparable distraction, fusion rate, and spinal stability at 24 weeks after the operation. However, due to inferior stiffness at the early stage and fast degradation, further modification of material composition and design are necessary.
Time in Therapeutic Range, Quality of Life and Treatment Satisfaction of Patients on Long-Term Warfarin for Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ng Diana-Leh-Ching , Malik Natasya Marliana Bt Abdul , Chai Chee-Shee , Goh Greta-Miranda-Kim-Choo , Tan Seng-Beng , Bee Ping-Chong , Gan Gin-Gin , Said Asri B
Published: July 2020

Background:The use of warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) can be challenging. In this study, we evaluate the time in therapeutic range (TTR), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and treatment satisfaction of patients on long-term warfarin for NVAF. The HRQoL and treatment satisfaction were compared based on the TTR.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients on warfarin for NVAF who attended the anticoagulant clinic of a tertiary cardiology referral center in Sarawak from 1st June 2018 to 31st May 2019. Patients’ TTR was calculated by using Rosendaal technique, while their HRQoL and treatment satisfaction were assessed by using Short Form 12 Health Survey version 2 (SF12v2) and Duke Anticoagulant Satisfaction Scale (DASS), respectively. Results: A total of 300 patients were included, with mean TTR score of 47.0 ± 17.3%. The physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) score of SF-12v2 were 47.0 ± 9.0 and 53.5 ± 9.6, respectively. The total score for DASS was 55.2 ± 21.3, while the score for limitations (L), hassles and burdens (H&B) and positive psychological impacts (PPI) were 18.0 ± 10.0, 15.6 ± 9.1 and 21.6 ± 5.9, respectively. Seventy-three (24.3%) patients had good TTR (≥ 60%), with mean of 70.2 ± 8.7%; while 227 (75.5%) patients with poor TTR had significantly lower mean of 39.5 ± 11.9% (p = 0.006). There was no significant difference in the score of PCS (p = 0.150), MCS (p = 0.919) and each domain of SF-12v2 (p = 0.184 – 0.684) between good and poor TTR, except for social functioning (p = 0.019). The total DASS score was also not significantly different between group (p = 0.779). Similar non-significant difference was also reported in all the DASS sub dimensions (p = 0.502 – 0.699).Conclusions:Majority of the patients on long-term warfarin for NVAF in the current study have poor TTR. Their HRQoL and treatment satisfaction are independent of their TTR. Achieving a good TTR do not compromise the HRQoL and treatment satisfaction. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to optimise INR control, failing which direct oral anticoagulant therapy should be considered.
Tocilizumab in Covid-19 Interstitial Pneumonia: A Phase II Pilot Study
Authors: Pomponio Giovanni , Ferrarini Alessia , Bonifazi Martina , Moretti Marco , Salvi Aldo , Giacometti Andrea , Tavio Marcello , Titolo Giancarlo , Morbidoni Laura , Frausini Gabriele , Onesta Maicol , Amico Donatella , Rocchi Marco , Menzo Stefano , Zuccatosta Lina , Mei Federico , Menditto Vincenzo , Svegliati Silvia , Donati Abele , D'Errico Marcello Mario , Pavani Marianna , Gabrielli Armando
Published: July 2020

Background: Multiple studies have been conducted to investigate Tocilizumab in patients with cOVID-19 pneumonitis. However, published reports show conflicting results, largely due to weak retrospective designs and heterogeneity in critical methodological issues.Methods: This open-label trial was structured according to the Simon’s optimal two-stage design in order to clarify which patients could really benefit from anti-IL6 strategies and how a future randomized trial should be designed to provide reliable and unequivocal results. 46 patients received a single infusion of Tocilizumab. Inclusion criteria were: SARS-CoV2 infection diagnosed by rt-PCR, multifocal interstitial pneumonia, need of oxygen therapy (FiO2 50%) to maintain SO2 >93%, recent (within the last 24 hours) worsening of lung function. Clinical outcomes were established a priori to assess whether a patient responded to treatment. A low number of carefully chosen clinical and biological markers was measured in order to test their predictive values. Primary end point was early and sustained clinical response. Results: Twenty-one (46%) patients fulfilled pre-defined response criteria. Lower levels of IL-6 at 24 hours after tocilizumab infusion (p=0.049) and higher baseline values of PaO2/FiO2 (p=0.008) predicted a favorable clinical response. Patients not improving at 72 hours were also non-responder at day 7. 11/25 of non-responder patients were intubated and 7 died. High levels of vWF were detected in all sera, with a tendency towards higher concentrations in the non-responder group. Conclusions: Objective clinical response rate overcame the pre-defined threshold of 30%. Efficacy of tocilizumab to improve respiratory function in selected patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonitis warrants investigations in randomized trials. Trial registration: NCT 04315480
Value of Phenylalanine in Amniotic Fluid Detected by MS/MS for Screening of ma ternal PKU in the Second-Trimester
Authors: wang yanyun , Sun yun , Wang yu-guo , Jiang tao
Published: July 2020

Background: Phenylketonuria is the most common inherited metabolism disease in China. This study aimed to identify a new, sensitive, simple, and easy method of screening maternal Phenylketonuria in the fetal stage.Methods: Samples of amniotic fluid, dried blood spots, and blood collected on the same day were obtained from women in the second-trimester (16–28 weeks). Women had to meet the following criteria: (i) isolated high risk of quadruple marker screening or cell-free DNA screening, (ii) women who gave birth to at least one child with intellectual disability of unknown etiology, and (iii) women who gave birth to a child who died young from unknown etiology. The exclusion criteria were as follows: clinically evident chorioamnionitis, multiple gestation, and laboratory signs of infection in the amniotic fluid sample. Phenylalanine levels were measured using tandem mass spectrometry. Women who met criterion (i) served as controls whose results were used to set reference values of Phenylalanine in amniotic fluid. Women who met criteria (ii) and (iii) served as the case group whose results were used to check for maternal Phenylketonuria. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation of Phenylalanine in amniotic fluid and in venous blood. Results: We analyzed 365 samples of amniotic fluid. Among them, 345 were included in the control group, with reference values of Phenylalanine in amniotic fluid of 10.79–48.47 µmol/L. Twenty cases were included in the case group. One woman in the case group was diagnosed with hyperphenylalaninemia whose fetus was diagnosed with maternal Phenylketonuria by comprehensive analysis of Phenylalanine in dried blood spots and in amniotic fluid, head circumference in fetal ultrasound, and a previous history of adverse pregnancy. The correlation between Phenylalanine concentrations in venous blood and in amniotic fluid was weak.Conclusions: Phenylalanine can be readily measured in amniotic fluid. Relative to controls, amniotic fluid levels of Phenylalanine was increased in maternal Phenylketonuria. These results can support the use of Phenylalanine as a screening tool for maternal Phenylketonuria. The significance of these change requires further study.