bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinamika Pengambilan Keputusan dan Perkembangan Jiwa Wirausaha pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Zahra Aning Az , Husna Aftina Nurul , Haq Ahmad Liana Amrul
Published: June 2019

This study aims to describe the dynamics of entrepreneurial decision making and the development of entrepreneurial spirit in students who are self-employed. The researcher used phenomenology to understand the psychological dynamics in students who are self-employed. The results of the study are starting from the subject decision making of entrepreneurship is related to several factors, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors related to the desire to be independent to meet needs, want to help, like challenges and seek freedom. External factors related to family and other people. This research found that an entrepreneur must have a strong commitment and consistency towards his business. An entrepreneur should also have good interpersonal skills, this is important for building relationships. Even so, the entrepreneurial spirit in students still needs to be improved, especially on commitment, consistency, and decision making.
Interaksi Pengetahuan dan Perceived Severity Kanker Serviks dengan Perilaku Pemilihan Pembalut Mahasiswi
Authors: Sulianti Ambar , Arafah Shofa Mutiara
Published: June 2019

Indonesia is the country with the highest number of cervical cancer sufferers in the world. Although the use of sanitary pads containing harmful whitening agents has been known as one of the predispositions of cervical cancer, the rate of cervical cancer continues to increase. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and perceived severity of cervical cancer with the behavior of choosing sanitary napkin in college students. This study used a quantitative method of cross-sectional study on 125 research subjects. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the selection of pads both in the knowledge of high and low cervical cancer. However, there is interaction between high knowledge and high perceived severity on sanitary pads selection.
Pencarian Makna Hidup Siswa dari Keluarga Miskin di Kabupaten Wonosobo
Authors: Musofa Musofa , Casmini Casmini , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: June 2019

Students from poor families seems to have the ability to search the meaning of life. They have high enthusiasm in education. This study aims to explore the reasons of poor students in searching for life's meaning by choosing high school, concepts of meaning in life, and learning and its implications. The study used phenomenological-qualitative method.The participants were 21 students from poor families in reputable high school in Wonosobo. Data was collected through interviews and FGDs and was analyzed inductively. The results show that students from poor families understand the possibilities and benefits of achieving goals to be success in the future. Student balance is indicated by the determination of high goals and the hard work done in material, psychological and spiritual aspects.They are confident to move on and reflect the life’s meaning by act and pray.
Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Well-Being of Rural Poor School Students In Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Rathakrishnan Balan , Sanu Melissa Edora , Yahaya Azizi , Singh Soon Singh Bikar , Kamaluddin Mohammad Rahim
Published: June 2019

Mental health disorders are major causes of disability to those affected, their families and the wider society. Absence of mental illness, or ambitiously, the presence of psychological well-being is key to the optimal functioning of individuals, for them to lead fuller lives and essential for them to contribute actively to society. Some studies have explored the links between psychological well-being and emotional intelligence. However, no such study has focussed on rural, and more often than not, poor students. Our study looked at the effects of emotional intelligence on the psychological well-being of rural poor students in Sabah, Malaysia. It was a cross-sectional study of 430 students. We found that 73% and 90% of the rural students rated their emotional intelligence and psychological well-being as moderate respectively. Regression analysis showed that emotional intelligence could predict one’s psychological well-being. We suggest further research into the differences between school students and school dropouts, and between urban and rural poor students.
Perbedaan Bentuk Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga Ditinjau dari Usia saat Menikah dan Tingkat Pendidikan
Authors: Rahmita Nanda Rizki , Nisa Haiyun
Published: June 2019

Domestic violence (KDRT) is a global problem found in all cultures and communities. Perpetrators or victims of domestic violence come from different backgrounds, such as those from all ages, ethnicities, income levels, or education levels. Domestic violence victims can experience various types of violence including psycho-physical violence and control violence. Age at marriage and level of education affect the types of domestic violence experienced by victims. The research method used is a quantitative method with a comparative research on 86 subjects who experienced domestic violence. Data analysis used Crosstab and Chi-Square Test for Independence analysis which showed the significance value of the form of domestic violence. These results indicate that there are no differences in forms of domestic violence in terms of age at marriage and education level. Viewed from age at marriage and education level, the subjects of the study experienced more control violence compared to psycho-physical violence.
Terapi Kelompok Pendukung untuk Meningkatkan Resiliensi pada Ibu yang Memiliki Anak Talasemia
Authors: Kurniawan Yudi , Nashori Fuad , Sulistyarini Indahria
Published: June 2019

This study aims to increase resilience in mothers who have thalassemia children with support group therapy. Respondents in this study were eight mothers of thalassemia patients who were divided into control groups and experimental groups. The scale used in this study is the Modified Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design with follow-up. Data obtained in the study were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test to compare scores between groups given Therapy Support Groups and groups not given intervention. The results showed that there were differences in resilience scores between the control group and the experimental group after being given Support Group Therapy, with p = 0.024 (p <0.05). This study concluded that support group therapy was effective for increasing resilience in mothers who had children with thalassemia.
Kasus Perundungan Anak di Jawa Barat: Temuan Awal Children’s Worlds Survey di Indonesia
Authors: Borualogo Ihsana Sabriani , Gumilang Erlang
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to describe the rate of bullying cases on children age 8, 10, and 12 year-olds in 27 Kota/Kabupaten in West Java. There were 22,616 children age 8, 10, and 12 year-olds who participated in this survey. This survey used stratified cluster random sampling to get a representative sample. Bullying actions were measured by reported frequency of experiencing being bullied physically and verbally by siblings and being bullied physically, verbally, and psychologically by other children at school last month. The highest rate was children reported being bullied physically by siblings and being bullied verbally by other children at school.  Results show differences on age and gender on types of bullying. Bullying is a serious problem that needs to be taken into account to stop bullying cases in West Java.
Faktor-Faktor Psikologis sebagai Determinan Kepatuhan Pajak: Studi Eksplorasi pada Wajib Pajak
Authors: Fitriah Elis Anisah , Iskandar Zulrizka , Srisayekti Wilis , Abidin Zainal
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to explore the cognition of taxpayers related to their experience in reporting income tax and understand what the influencing factors on the willingness to pay taxes. Interpretative phenomenology design was applied through semi-structured interviews to four taxpayers as participants. Data was analyzed by developing of textures and structural descriptions. The results showed that psychological factors that considered by participant in their tax behavior including knowledge about the system and tax regulation as well as information on the use of tax returns; perceived service and trust in tax authority. Further research is needed to understand the dynamics of psychological variables in influencing tax behavior with cooperative perspective instead of compliance to avoid punishment.
Analysis of Length of Growing Season in Some Agro-ecological Zones Using Non-parametric Trend Test
Authors: OJO Olumuyiwa Idowu , TEMENU Charity C. , ILUNGA Masengo Francois
Published: June 2019

The ever increasing population and consequently increase in demand for food and the increasing exploitation of the land justifies the need for adequate studies on rainfall as an important factor affecting agricultural production. The date of the onset of rains is an important factor in planning agricultural operations such as land preparation and sowing. The study conducted agro-statistical analysis of rainfall characteristics over three different zones of Nigeria. Daily rainfall data were collected for the period between 1971 and 2005 for 6 stations and were subjected to standard analysis to determine trends and variations in the onset dates, cessation dates, length of rainy season, number of wet days, drought episodes. The results showed that the inter-annual variability of the onset dates is higher than that of cessation dates with a progressive shift in both onset and cessation dates. The length of rainy season varied from 77-291 days in Guinea zone, 77-243 days for Savannah and 73-155 days for the Sahel. Changes in the length of growing season ranged between -9 and -10 for Guinea zone, -21 and 11 days for Savannah zone and -28 and 20 days for the Sahel. Similarly, the numbers of wet days have declined over Nigeria. The information presented in this study are to serve as input for proper land and water resources management for productive agricultural enterprise across the three major agro-ecological zones of Nigeria.
Differential Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and Physiological Changes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Drought Stress
Authors: MIRI-HESAR Kamal , DADKHODAIE Ali , DOROSTKAR Saideh , HEIDARI Bahram
Published: June 2019

Drought stress is one of the most significant environmental factors restricting plant production all over the world. In arid and semi-arid regions where drought often causes serious problems, wheat is usually grown as a major crop and faces water stress. In order to study drought tolerance of wheat, an experiment with 34 genotypes including 11 local and commercial cultivars, 17 landraces, and six genotypes from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) was conducted at the experimental station, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran in 2010-2011 growing season. Three different irrigation regimes (100%, 75% and 50% Field Capacity) were applied and physiological and biochemical traits were measured for which a significant difference was observed in genotypes. Under severe water stress, proline content and enzymes’ activities increased while the relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll index decreased significantly in all genotypes. Of these indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and RWC were able to distinguish tolerant genotypes from sensitives. Moreover, yield index (YI) was useful in detecting tolerant genotypes. The drought susceptibility index (DSI) varied from 0.40 to 1.71 in genotypes. These results indicated that drought-tolerant genotypes could be selected based on high YI, RWC and SOD and low DSI. On the whole, the genotypes 31 (30ESWYT200), 29 (30ESWYT173) and 25 (Akbari) were identified to be tolerant and could be further used in downstream breeding programs for the improvement of wheat tolerance under water limited conditions.
Fruiting Species Influence the Seasonal Use of the Habitat by Sloth Bear in and around Balaram Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India
Authors: MEWADA Tana P. , TIWARI Umeshkumar L. , KOTIA Amit
Published: June 2019

Sloth bear populations in India are threatened, and the ecology and distribution of the species occurring in the region's protected areas are known, but there is no scientific basis underlying management strategies for sloth bear. We used bear indirect and opportunistic direct signs like feeding site, scats, foot print trails, claw marks on climbing trees, to study habitat use and distribution of sloth bear (Melurus ursinus) across Balaram Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary and Danta Reserve Forest, Gujarat, India from April, 2010 to January 2011. We survey 40 grids (5 × 5 km) 3 km signs survey = 120 km × 3 = 360 km and total 766 bear signs were recorded, and for vegetation we surveyed 40 grids × 2 km vegetation transect = 80 km were sampled. A total of nine (9) vegetation types were recorded and the bear sign where crossed check with the vegetation forest type. Fruits appear to be a key resource for sloth bears, and factors affecting fruit abundance or seasonality will affect bear foraging as well as the humans to depend on such fruits as a food common resource. Knowledge of this relationship will allow managers to be more proactive in managing bears. We recommend using sign surveys for monitoring changes in sloth bear presence, as they are inexpensive, efficient, and can be conducted by trained rangers.
Single Irrigation Enhanced Water Productivity of Rainfed Wheat under Mediterranean Environment
Authors: NASSERI Abolfazl , FALLAHI Hossein Ali , REZAVERDINEJAD Vahid
Published: June 2019

Single or double irrigations of wheat are necessary to obtain optimum yield in a humid region with insufficient rainfall for agricultural production. Therefore, the hereby study was conducted with the aim of analysis of water productivity under rainfed and (single or double) irrigated conditions in a Mediterranean environment during 11 cropping years. There were investigated four treatments for irrigation management of wheat viz. rainfed without irrigation (T0), single irrigation at the flowering stage (T1), single irrigation at the grain filling stage (T2) and double irrigation at the flowering and grain filling stages (T3). Results revealed that the highest water productivity and optimum yield were acquired with single irrigation at the grain filling stage. This scheme caused an increase of 20% in grain yield relative to yield from rainfed condition. Rainfall, grain yield and water productivity of rainfed wheat were analyzed over 11 years and averaged 3,614 m3 ha-1, 1,970 kg ha-1 and 0.63 kg m-3, respectively. Results also showed that single or double irrigation had a high compensation effect on yield loss from water stress. Irrigation water productivity (1.31 kg m-3), water productivity (0.68 kg m-3) and irrigation ratio (2.2) indices determined for the 11 years. Water productivity of rainfed wheat by single irrigation at grain filling stage increased as 10% during 11 years.
Anti-Ulcerogenic Potential of Aqueous Extract of Securinega virosa Leaf in Indomethacin-Induced Ulcerated Rats
Authors: SALAWU Musa O. , YEKEEN Abdsamad , NAFIU Mikhail O. , OLOYEDE Hussein O.B.
Published: June 2019

The anti-ulcerogenic activities of Securinega virosa aqueous leaf extract on gastric ulcer induced with indomethacin in albino rats were studied. Thirty rats weighing 120 - 200 g were grouped into six groups of five rats each. All groups except the uninduced-untreated (group A) were starved for 24 hours prior to indomethacin administration. After 4 hours of 30  mg kg-1 b.w. indomethacin administration, the groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) received once daily oral doses of distilled water (5ml kg-1 b.w.), cimetidine 60  mg kg-1 (b.w.) and the S. virosa extract at doses of 35, 70 and 140  mg kg-1 b.w. respectively for 11 days. At the end of the treatment, animals in groups B, C, D, E and F were starved for 18 hours then sacrificed. The extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased gastric secretion volume, mean ulcer index, total acidity, total protein and pepsin secretion relative to the induced-untreated rats. The extract significantly (p < 0.05) increased the gastric pH and total carbohydrate content relative to the induced-untreated. These results were similar to those achieved by treatment with cimetidine. Catalase and SOD activities in the 35, 70 and 140 mg kg-1 bw S. virosa extract-treated groups were increased significantly (p < 0.05) over the untreated group. Similarly, the extract reversed the indomethacin-induced decrease in reduced glutathione level (GSSH) and the increase in malondialdehyde concentration in the serum. The histological analysis showed positive effect of the extract on the indomethacin-induced ulceration. It was concluded that the extract has anti-ulcerative and antioxidant activity in indomethacin-induced ulcerative rats.
Molecular Characterization of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) Populations Grown in Aydin, Turkey
Authors: SEVİNDİK Emre , CANER Serkan , COŞKUN Mahmut
Published: June 2019

In this study, we performed a genetic diversity analysis using RAPD markers for some Vitex agnus-castus populations grown in Aydin, Turkey. Total genomic DNA isolation from the leaves of Vitex agnus-castus was performed using a commercial kit. Seven RAPD primers (OPA-02, OPA-05, OPA-13, OPA-15, OPA-16, OPA-18, OPA-20) were used to determine genetic diversity among populations. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed with all genomic DNA samples and primers. PCR products were run in agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized under UV light. The amplified products were scored as bands (1) and no bands (0) for all gel images and their matrix files were generated. A total of 36 characters were obtained from the primers. Phylogenetic relationships and genetic distances between the cultivars were calculated by using the PAUP* (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony and other methods) program. According to PAUP analysis, the closest genetic distances were between Çine pink flower and Çakmar purple flower, and Çakmar pink flower and Çakmar purple flower populations with a value of 0.05556; and the greatest genetic distance was between Çakmar pink flower and Köşk purple flower populations with a value of 0.36111. In the phylogenetic analysis obtained using UPGMA algorithms, the phylogenetic tree consisted of four groups. The results suggest that RAPD markers are useful tools for determining genetic relationships among Vitex agnus-castus genotypes.
Endophytic Bacteria: Hidden Protective Associates of Plants against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
Authors: OKUNGBOWA Francisca I. , SHITTU Hakeem O. , OBIAZIKWOR Henry O.
Published: June 2019

An endophyte is a microorganism, usually bacterium or fungus, which lives within the internal tissue of a host plant, causing no apparent harm. Some characteristics of an endophyte include ability to promote plant growth and to confer plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Endophytic bacteria spread across many phyla including the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Endophytic bacteria are recruited by hosts and they get attached to the surface and eventually find their way into the internal tissues where they spread to the intercellular spaces of host plants. These bacteria have been isolated and characterized from different plants. Currently, culture-independent methods such as sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene or metalogenomics are used for identification and characterization of endophytes. The mechanisms by which the endophyte-induced plant protection is brought about can be through direct and/or indirect methods. The direct strategy antagonizes phytopathogens by the production of chemical substances while the indirect mechanisms improve resistance of hosts to pathogens. Global gene expression studies on some common endophytic bacteria implicated these direct and indirect strategies of bacterial-induced protection. More research should be geared towards how the economic importance of endophytic bacteria could be utilized to enhance global food security.
Tuber Depth and Yield Response of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) to Soil Texture and Rates of Poultry and Pig Manure
Authors: FABUNMI Thomas O. , AMALAHU Joyce U.
Published: June 2019

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate tuber depth and weight of tiger nut produced in loamy fine sand and sandy clay soil using 0, 200, 300 or 400 g per pot of poultry or pig manure in a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial experiment arranged in completely randomized design and replicated three times.  Total tuber weight and weight of tubers at 10 cm were significantly increased by application of manure compared with the control. Significant interaction of soil texture X manure types X manure rates was recorded on weight of tubers at 20 cm. Percentage of tubers at 0-10 cm was 90.6-92.1% (91.5-93.6% tuber weight); while 6.68-8.96% of the tubers (5.49-8.47% tuber weight) were harvested between 10-20 cm soil depth; only 0-0.94% of the tuber weight was harvested beyond 20 cm depth. Pig manure had positive effect on tiger nut productivity on loamy fine sand and sandy clay soil, while with poultry manure tiger nut productivity was enhanced on sandy clay soil; 300 g of pig or poultry manure produced similar weight of tiger nut tubers and is considered optimum for tiger nut productivity. Sandy clay and loamy fine sand had similar effect on depth and yield of tiger nut. More than 99% of the tubers were confined to 0-20 cm soil depth. Information on how deep the tubers of tiger nut can grow in soil of different texture and fertility status will enhance precise harvesting.
Performance and Quality of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) as Influenced by Crop Spacing and Rates of Swine Manure Application
Authors: FALODUN Ehizogie J. , OGEDEGBE Sunday A.
Published: June 2019

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of plant spacing and rate of swine manure application on the growth, yield, nutrient concentration, uptake and proximate composition of muskmelon (Cucumis melo). The experiments were laid out as a 3×4 factorial fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The treatments consisted of four rates of swine manure (0 t ha-1, 5 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1 and 15 t ha-1) and three crop spacing (50 × 50 cm, 75 × 75 cm, 100 × 100 cm). The results showed that spacing had no significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter and number of branches, but substantially increased the vine length at 100 × 100 cm. Number of flowers and fruit weight per plant increased with raw spacing, while the number of fruits per plot and fruit yield (t ha-1) increased with a decrease in plant spacing, whereas the narrowest spacing of 50 × 50 cm produced the significantly highest fruit yield (25.47 t ha-1). The concentrations of P, Ca, Mg and Fe (4.28, 6.81, 4.55 and 0.80 mg kg-1) were the highest at 100 × 100 cm spacing compared to other treatments. However, N concentration (1.18) and uptake of N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Na was highest at spacing of 75 × 75 cm and at 10 t ha-1 swine manure rate. The effect of spacing on proximate composition of muskmelon did not follow a particular pattern; however, wider spacing of 75 × 75 cm and 100 × 100 cm at 10 t ha-1 favoured most of the proximate composition compared to the narrowest spacing of 50 × 50 cm and other manure rates. Although there was no significant difference in fruit yields of 10 and 15 t ha-1, application of 15 t ha-1, swine manure out-yielded 10 t ha-1,  by 8.55%.
Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of Three Tilapine Species in an Abandoned Gold Mine Reservoir, Igun, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: OBAYEMI Oluwadamilare E. , KOMOLAFE Olusola O. , OKUNOLA Oluwakemi V. , ASAFA Sakirat T. , AYOADE Mary A.
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the length-weight relationships and condition factors of three fish species in an abandoned gold mine reservoir. The fishes were caught on monthly basis between August 2015 and July 2016 using gill nets and traps. The results showed that Coptodon zillii, Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus had a mean total length and mean weight of 15.52±4.64 cm and 95.80±66.27 g; 15.27±4.18 cm and 89.54±63.20 g; 15.57±4.80 cm and 102.0±85.81 g respectively. Also, the mean condition factor obtained for the fish species are 2.24±0.52 in C. zillii; 2.26±0.62 in O. niloticus and 2.27±0.46 in S. galilaeus. Similarly, the slope (b) values and correlation coefficient for the three fish species are 2.018 and 0.969 for C. zillii; 1.977 and 0.926 for O. niloticus and 2.436 and 0.965 for S. galilaeus. Furthermore, the total length, weight and condition factor between C. zillii, O. niloticus and S. galilaeus differ significantly (p>0.05). The study concluded that despite being an abandoned gold mine reservoir, the environment is well suitable for the fishes.
Apple Scab Disease Severity in the Sais Region of Morocco and its Sensitivity to Three Commercial Fungicides
Authors: LAHLALI Rachid , MOININA Alieu , EZRARI Said , MACLEAN Dustin , BOULIF Mohammed
Published: June 2019

Apple scab, Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter, results in numerous fungicide applications in the Sais region of Morocco. We conducted the study to determine the susceptibility of cultivars through field survey and to evaluate the sensitivity of V. inaequalis to three fungicides using both in vitro and in vivo methods. We surveyed 100 apple orchards and collected two samples. Disease survey showed that the cultivars were highly susceptible to apple scab (grand mean of leaf scab: Golden Delicious, 40.31%; Starking Delicious, 20.45%; and Gala, 18.92%). Results underlined no significant differences between isolates in term of inhibition rate of mycelial growth and averaged disease severity. However, both treatment and concentration were statistically significant. EC50 values ranged from 2.33 µg/ml to 7.40 µg/ml and resistance factor (RF) values of 0.55, 1.02 and 1.79 were obtained for difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin and thiophanate-methyl, respectively. In vivo tests at a concentration of 10 µg/ml on the isolate ViIF using a curative method showed a high efficacy of trifloxystrobin (96.38%), and low efficacy of thiophanate-methyl (29.65%) and difenoconazole (24.62%). V. inaequalis was most sensitive to trifloxystrobin followed by difenoconazole and thiophanate-methyl, respectively. From this work, it was recommended testing more isolates and contact fungicides in order to develop a baseline sensitivity of the pathogen population against commonly used fungicides to treat the disease, as continued usage over time and the introduction of new fungal races may result in a decrease in fungicide efficacy.
Age Susceptibility of Wistar Rats to Alloxan-Induced Diabetes: A Paradox
Authors: ABA Patrick E. , EDEH Miracle N.
Published: June 2019

Selection of appropriate ages of rats for experimental diabetes mellitus studies has been posing great challenges to researchers as the rats may either not come down with diabetes or may even die upon induction. This study investigated the influence of age as a possible factor affecting successful induction of diabetes mellitus in albino Wistar rats. One hundred male albino Wistar rats of varying ages weighing between 23.63 ± 0.46 g and 279.00 ± 27.00 g and assigned into ten (10) groups of ten rats per group were used for the study. Diabetes was induced in groups 1-9 consisting of rats aged 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 weeks respectively by injecting 160 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally while group 10 rats (aged 12 weeks) served as normal control. Fasting blood glucose levels and the weights of the rats were determined on 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h post alloxan monohydrate injection. Body conditions and behaviors of the rats were subjectively scored. Results showed that rats in groups 3-9 came down with hyperglycemia 48 h post-alloxan injection. The body conditions and behaviors of groups 3 (aged 7 weeks) and 4 (Aged 9 weeks) rats compared very well (p<0.05) with those of the normal control rats. It was concluded that rats aged 7-9 weeks were most suitable for use in studies involving induction of experimental diabetes mellitus using alloxan monohydrate at the dose of 160 mg/kg intraperitoneally.
Evaluation of Various Biological Activities of Endemic Sideritis libanotica Extracts
Authors: ATAS Mehmet , ERUYGUR Nuraniye , SOZMEN Fazli , ERGUL Mustafa , ERGUL Merve , AKPULAT Huseyin Askin , UCAR Esra
Published: June 2019

In recent years, using of plants to develop combine therapies for treatment of certain diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes mellitus is extremely plausible approach. Perhaps, the definitive treatment of some of these diseases is hidden in the complex content of a plant in nature. Thus, in the present study, we decided to determine the biological activities of methanol and water extracts of the endemic Sideritis libanotica. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first investigation on antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory activity, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity of S. libanotica. According to results, while the methanol extract shows better anti-cholinesterase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibition activity and cytotoxicity than the water extract, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the water extract was found to be better than the methanol extract. This study provides valuable information on how the biological activity of endemic S. libanotica changes in different solvent extractions such as water and methanol.
Genetic, Heritability and Genetic Advance of Progenies Derived from Hybridization of Vanda ‘Adrienne’ × Ascocenda ‘Peggy Foo’ with Vanda malinii × Vanda denisoniana Benson & Rchb.f. in vivo
Authors: DEWANTI Minangsari , KARTIKANINGRUM Suskandari , WEGADARA Mega , WINARTO Budi
Published: June 2019

Hybridization is the process on interbreeding between individuals of different species or genetically divergent individuals from the same species to produce new progenies with their uniqueness and differences, involving in Vanda. Aim of this research was to explore genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability and genetic advance of progenies derived from hybridization of Vanda ‘Adrienne’ × Ascocenda ‘Peggy Foo’ with Vanda malinii × Vanda denisoniana Benson & Rchb.f, and to find best characters used for selection. The experiment was conducted at Segunung Experimental Garden of Indonesian Ornamental Crop Research Institute (IOCRI) on altitude of 1100 m above sea level from June 2013 until December 2016. Thirteen genotypes derived from hybridization of V. ‘Adrienne’ × A. ‘Peggy Foo’ with V. malinii × V. denisoniana of 1A, 2A, 21A, 27A, 50A, 52A, 98A, 101A, 102A, 113A, 116A, 120A, and 120B were used in the study. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results of the study indicated that range of genetic variability was varied from 1.2-184.7% with wide genetic variability determined on number of leaves per plant (NLP) up to 26.5% with 184.7% for leaf width (LW) and 24.7% for spike length (SL). Moderate heritability of 25.2% for NLP, 21.0% for LW and 25.2% for SL coupled with high genetic advance percent of mean up to 59.7% for NLP, 939.7% for LW and 33% for SL, reflecting the presence and expression of additive gene action of these traits. The results indicated the importance of these three characters best used as selection criteria for Vanda genotypes.
Abundance of Two Generalist Insect Pests of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as Influenced by NPK Fertilization
Authors: OKO James I. , ECHEZONA Bonaventure C. , AGBO Christian U. , MUOJIAMA Stella O.
Published: June 2019

The influence of NPK fertilizer on the population of two generalist pests, grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus) and termites (Isoptera spp.) on some cassava varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz), was investigated in a field trial carried out at Teaching and Research Farm of Department of Crop science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The treatments comprised all possible combinations of four rates of fertilizer application (0 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, 400 kg/ha and 600 kg/ha), four improved cassava varieties (‘TMS 01-1368’, ‘TME 419’, ‘TMS 98-05-50’, ‘TMS 05 10’) and three modes of  fertilizer application (Single, Split and Split-split) arranged in a factorial experiment and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). There were three replications of each treatment. Data were collected on Z. variegatus and termite incidences. In each season, incidence of Z. variegatus on cassava showed significant (p<0.05) difference among varieties. Varieties ‘TMS 01-1368’, ‘TMS 05 10,’ and ‘TMS 98-05-05,’ were significantly (p<0.05) more susceptible to the pest compared to variety ‘TME 419’. Incidence of termites on cassava differed significantly (p<0.05) among varieties in the late season and variety TMS 05 10’ was more susceptible to this pest than other varieties. Rates of NPK fertilizer had significant (p<0.05) influence on Z. variegatus incidence only. Application of various NPK fertilizer rates increased the incidence of Z. variegatus on the varieties compared to plots without fertilizer (0 kg/ha). The abundance of Z. variegatus in cassava field was influenced by fertilization and variety while termites were influenced by variety.
Spatial Distribution of Soil Bulk Density, Organic Carbon and pH under Different Land Use Systems along Umuahia South Local Government Area of Abia State in South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: ONWUKA Brown Mang , ADESEMUYI Emmanuel Adeboye
Published: June 2019

Information about spatial distribution of soil qualities in a given area is a fundamental piece of land surface prerequisites for ecological purposes, agriculture and other land use systems. The utilization of numerical methods to portray soil properties and upgrade objectivity in soil-related decision making, was applied to soil samples collected from soil under the land use systems; excavation site (EX), refuse dump site (RD), forest land (FL), continuously cultivated land (CC) and 4-year bush fallow (4-BF) along Umuahia South LGA of Abia State in south eastern Nigeria. Geostatistical technique was applied to estimate the spatial distribution and produce soil maps for each selected soil properties. Results revealed that excavation site (1.70 Mg m-3) recorded a high bulk density, while the other land use systems had a moderate bulk density. The results showed that refuse dump site had a neutral soil reaction (7.02), slightly acidic reaction was recorded under 4-year bush fallow (6.00) and forest land (5.71). Continuously cultivated land had a moderately acidic soil reaction (5.41) and organic carbon content (1.48%). The result also revealed that forestland (2.97%) and refuse dump site (3.20%) had very high organic carbon content, while excavation site (0.38%) had very low organic carbon content. This study will help land owners/users in terms of choice and adoption of land for different uses in the area.
Occurrence of Salmonella in Raw Chicken Meat from Retail Equipment and Environments in Southern Nigeria Open Markets
Authors: OGU Gideon I. , AKINNIBOSUN Faith I.
Published: June 2019

Salmonella species is one of the most significant food-related pathogens of public health concern, whose leading vehicles of transmission to humans are chicken products. Hence, this study investigated the occurrence of Salmonella in chicken meat in correlation to their retailing equipment/environments of open markets located in Warri, Benin City, Akure and Ado-Ekiti metropolis (Southern Nigeria).  A total of 680 samples comprising raw chicken carcass (n = 240 muscle tissues), rinsing water (n = 60), hovering houseflies (n = 200) and swabs from retailing table (n = 60), cutting knives (n = 60) and meat storage containers (n = 60) were collected and analysed using standard techniques. Salmonella was recovered in 105 samples, presenting a prevalence rate of 15.4% (105/680). Rinsing water (40.0%) had the highest rate, followed by chicken carcass and retailing table (16.7%), storage containers (18.3%), hovering flies (9.0%), and then cutting knives (3.3%). The prevalence of Salmonella was highest in Benin City samples (24.7%; P<0.05), followed by Warri samples (15.9%), Ado-Ekiti (11.9%) and Akure (9.4%) being the least. The mean Salmonella counts (CFU/mL) per sample revealed that Benin City (0.09 × 102 - 5.49 × 106) yielded the highest Salmonella load, followed by Warri (0.00 - 6.11 × 105), Ado-Ekiti (0.00 - 5.49 × 104) and Akure (0.00 - 3.02 × 104). These findings suggest that the occurrence of Salmonella in commercial chicken meat is still high in most of the study locations and the rinsing water, tables and storage containers could be potential transmission routes. Adequate thermal treatment measures are recommended before consummation of commercial chicken meat within the regions.
Genetic Polymorphism of the Wild and In vitro Regenerated Plants of the Medicinal Grass Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus
Authors: ABDELSALAM Asmaa M. , CHOWDHURY Kamal , El-BAKRY Ahmed A.
Published: June 2019

Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus grows wild in subtropical Africa, Sudan and Egypt. The species is heavily collected for its use in folk medicine and drug production. A wild population from south Egypt was used to determine preliminary genetic polymorphism within the species, using nineteen ISSR, fourteen RAPD and seven cpSSR primers. Three regeneration systems, somatic embryogenesis (SE), direct organogenesis (D), and indirect organogenesis (ID), were established from seed explants of the same population and polymorphism within regenerated plants was determined. ISSR generated a total of 222 amplified fragments for all genotypes, while RAPDs and cpSSR yielded 139 and 34 fragments, respectively. Wild plants showed an average low polymorphism for all marker types of 45.8%.  Regenerated plants polymorphism was also low (SE=44.6, D=44, ID=46.2%). ISSR and cpSSR markers were more sensitive in elucidating polymorphism (51.5 and 46.87%) than RAPD (37.85%). ISSR was the most significant marker in producing unique bands, for the wild genotypes (6), SE (7), D (5) and ID (6). cpSSR followed producing 4 for wild genotypes, 6 for SE, 3 for D and 6 for ID organogenesis. Unweighted pair group with arithmetic average (UPGMA) clustering analysis and Jaccard’s similarity data suggested that wild plants and those regenerated through somatic embryogenesis and direct organogenesis are more similar. The study elucidated low polymorphism within both the wild population and regenerated genotypes, with plants regenerated through somatic embryogenesis and direct organogenesis being more similar to wild plant genotypes, suggesting their future use in studies with genetic transformation and ex-situ conservation of the species.
Introduction Pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E.
Published: June 2019

Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 2, Volume 11, 2019: The papers published in this issue (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro/index.php/nsb/issue/current) represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting researches, we invite readers to find news about: endophytic bacteria - hidden protective associates of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses (review); Occurrence of Salmonella in raw chicken meat from retail equipment and environments in southern Nigeria open markets; fruiting species influence the seasonal use of the habitat by sloth bear in and around Balaram Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India; age susceptibility of wistar rats to alloxan-induced diabetes: a paradox; anti-ulcerogenic potential of aqueous extract of Securinega virosa leaf in indomethacin-induced ulcerated rats; evaluation of various biological activities of endemic Sideritis libanotica extracts; genetic polymorphism of the wild and in vitro regenerated plants of the medicinal grass Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. Proximus etc.
Los consejos políticos de Plutarco para el buen gobierno
Authors: Olano García Hernán Alejandro
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: el presente artículo de reflexión sobre el mundo griego y su impacto presente, parte de una serie sobre la aplicación de los consejos para el buen gobierno y hace parte del proyecto de investigación “Historia de las Instituciones-i. Explora el escrito de Plutarco de Queronea Consejos políticos de Moralia, elaborado hace dos mil años, en los inicios del siglo ii. Este efectúa una reflexión sobre la situación política general de los griegos bajo el dominio romano, en lo que se denomina “helenística” o “cultura griega romanizada”.

Metodología: el texto sigue los ejemplos históricos utilizados por Plutarco e incluye una selección de recomendaciones que aún hoy en día poseen mucha actualidad (revisión de fuentes). Por eso, su objetivo es guiar las fórmulas del buen gobierno desde el clasicismo griego.

Conclusiones: el pensador estudiado, con su sabiduría práctica y sus máximas délficas, nos muestra un esquema claro en el que los consejos políticos son aún actuales y de carácter didáctico.
Sobre la implementación de la Justicia Especial para la Paz en Colombia
Authors: Flórez Vargas Carlos Albeiro
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: este artículo es una invitación a reflexionar sobre las estratagemas que pretenden limitar o anular el accionar de la Justicia Especial para la Paz (jep). Asimismo, sobre las consecuencias nefastas de estas prácticas no solo para la sociedad, sino, incluso, para quienes las promueven.
Metodología: con el ánimo de reflexionar sobre estas posturas es importante considerar los diferentes modelos de justicia transicional.
Resultados: en un conflicto interno como el colombiano, el cual inundó de violencia a todo un país por más de 50 años, son muchos los actores que intervienen. Entre estos, algunos han sido reconocidos plenamente, mientras otros aún permanecen en el anonimato. Por una parte, dentro del primer conjunto, existen muchos exmilitantes (tanto de las Fuerzas Militares estatales como de la insurgencia y de grupos paramilitares) interesados en resolver su situación jurídica por medio del Tribunal de Justicia Especial para la Paz (jep). Por otra, quienes no han sido procesados, condenados o siquiera expuestos públicamente como responsables de actos de violencia en el marco del conflicto, despliegan toda una serie de estrategias con el fin de evitar que el proceso de transición sea efectivo.
Conclusiones: la ceguera política, en un contubernio perverso con la ignorancia sobre los principios y modelos explicativos que orientan la justicia transicional, nubla toda racionalidad que permita el tránsito efectivo de una sociedad con un conflicto interno a una con una paz estable y duradera.
Percepção Bioética dos Enfermeiros na Administração e/ou Orientação do Uso do Contraceptivo de Emergência
Authors: Anna Paula Rodrigues de Oliveira  , Lígia Moura Burci
Published: June 2019

A contracepção de emergência é envolta de polêmicas e ligada a assuntos como o aborto, planejamento familiar e gravidez na adolescência. A percepção do enfermeiro na administração e/ou orientação do contraceptivo de emergência é motivada pela ética profissional e a sua moralidade individual. O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer mediante relatos a percepção bioética do enfermeiro frente aos dilemas da contracepção de emergência. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa de relato de caso com 10 enfermeiros das unidades de saúde na cidade de Curitiba, por meio de gravação de áudio de um questionário semiestruturado no período de abril e maio de 2017. Concluiu-se que os enfermeiros das unidades colocam a ética profissional á frente da sua moral, trazendo assim para as usuárias eficiência e eficácia no atendimento, que por sua vez deve ser feito o mais breve possível.
Çevre Mühendisliğinde Su Arıtımında Ultrases Uygulamaları
Authors: YAKUT Şennur Merve
Published: June 2019

Son
yıllarda artan endüstrileşme sonucunda, üretim faaliyetlerinin artması
beraberinde çevre açısından sorunlar getirmektedir. Bu sorunların temeli olarak
su kirliliği görülmektedir. Su kirliliğinin çevre açısından sorun olarak
görülmesinden beri birçok arıtım yöntemi üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu
yöntemlerden biri de son yıllarda üzerinde farklı modifikasyonlarla çalışmalar
yapılmaya başlanılmış olan ultrases ışınımlı proseslerdir. Ultrases ışınımında
kavitasyon adı verilen olay gerçekleşir. Kavitasyon olayı sonucunda oluşan
yüksek basınç ve sıcaklık sonucunda ortamda hidroksil radikalleri oluşur ve bu
radikaller suyun içerisindeki kirleticilerin giderilmesini sağlar. Ultrases
etkili ve uygulanabilir yapısı nedeniyle iyi bir teknolojidir. Ultrases ışınımı
tek başına çok etkili olmamasından dolayı genellikle başka proseslerle kombine
edilerek  (adsorbsiyon, fenton, enzim
gibi) çalışılmaktadır. Ultrases ışınımının verimi yükselttiği çalışmalar
literatürde oldukça çoktur. Ultrases ışınımının çevre mühendisliği uygulamaları
çoğunlukla boyar madde giderimi üzerine olsa da başka alanlarda da (alg
giderimi, zararlı organik bileşiklerin bozundurulması gibi) uygulamaları
mevcuttur.
Moleküler Toksikoloji ve “Omik” Teknolojileri
Authors: BÖRÇEK KASURKA Ceren
Published: June 2019

Toksikoloji,  bir organizmada kimyasal, fiziksel, veya
biyolojik ajanlara maruziyetin sebep olduğu fenotipik değişiklikler üzerine
odaklanmıştır. Moleküler toksikoloji terimi ise çeşitli malzemelerin,
ilaçların, kimyasal maddelerin, toksinlerin vs 
fonksiyonel mekanizmalarının anlaşılması için moleküler ve hücresel
biyolojinin, hücresel ve biyokimyasal seviyelerde kullanılmasına karşılık
gelmektedir. 1980’lerde moleküler biyoloji araçlarının geliştirilmesine paralel
olarak, toksikoloji dahil olmak üzere biyolojik bilimlerde bir dönüşüm
başlamıştır. Aynı zamanlarda yayınlanan, “Toksikoloji molekülere kaymaktadır”
başlıklı bir makale, toksikolojinin çağa adapte olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu
gelişmelerin ardından toksikologlar zehirli bir maddenin DNA’nın yapısı,
fonksiyonu ve (hedef) gen ekspresyonu üzerindeki etkilerini araştırabilir,
toksik cevabı düzenleyen genleri klonlayabilir ve “omik” teknolojilerden
(genomik, proteomik, metabolomik, interaktomik), epigenetikten, sistem
biyolojisinden, hesaplamalı bilimlerden ve in
vitro  biyolojiden elde edilen
bilgileri harmanlayabilir hale gelmiştir. Günümüzde kullanılmakta olan
100.000'e yakın kimyasal madde mevcuttur ve bunların sadece küçük bir kısmının
toksikolojik değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Dolayısıyla, bilim adamları bu
maddeleri taramak ve etki tespit etmek için alternatif yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar.
Sonuç olarak toksikoloji, kendisini hızla daha bütünsel bir bilimsel disipline
dönüştürmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında
toksikolojik çalışmalara genel bir bakış sunmaktır.
Şantuklu İplik Özellikleri
Authors: ÖZDİL Nilgün , ÖZÇELİK KAYSERİ Gonca , SÜPÜREN MENGÜÇ Gamze
Published: June 2019

Eğirme
alanındaki gelişmelerle birlikte, farklı alan ve son kullanımlar için birçok
iplik yapısı oluşturulmuştur. Şantuklu iplik, eğirme işlemi sırasında iplik
lineer yoğunluğunun değiştirilmesiyle şantuk görünüşünün elde edildiği ve özel
görünümü nedeniyle çeşitli giysilerde yaygın olarak kullanılan bir çeşit
fantezi ipliktir.  Şantuk iplik yapısı
iplik üreticilerine standart ürünler yerine üretildiğinde rekabet avantajı ve
ekonomik fayda sağlarken, müşteriler için de daha iyi bir dekoratif etki
sağlama olanağı sunmaktadır. Şantuk ipliklerinin belirleyici özelliği,
yapısındaki ipliğin uzunluğu boyunca aralıklı olarak değişen boyutlardaki
düzensizliklerin kasıtlı oluşturulmasıdır. Kalınlık, uzunluk ve şantuk
aralıklarının değişmesinin verdiği efektlerle giysilik amacıyla özellikle denim
olmak üzere dokuma ve örme kumaşlarda ve ayrıca perde, döşemelik gibi ev
tekstillerinde kullanılmaktadır. Şantukların büyüklüğü (uzunluk, çap, şekil),
tekrarlama aralığı, renk ve lif tipi değişebilir. Basit bir şantuk ipliği
yapısı, zemin kısmı ve şantuk kısmı olmak üzere iki bölümden oluşmaktadır.
Şantuk ipliğinin görünümü, her bir bileşen parçasının uzunluğu ve doğrusal
yoğunluğundan etkilenir. Şantuk iplikleri yapısal olarak basit şantuk, değişken
numaralı, değişken bükümlü ve çok bileşenli olarak ayrılırlar. Bu çalışmada
şantuk iplikleri tanıtılacak ve şantuk iplikleri için tanımlanması zor olan
kalite kontrol parametreleri tartışılacaktır.