bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 2017–2020-as Trump-adminisztráció Közel-Kelet-politikája
Authors: Selján Péter
Published: November 2020

A 2016-os amerikai elnökválasztást követően sokakat váratlanul ért, hogy Donald Trump, egy ingatlanmogul és valóságshow-sztár lett az Amerikai Egyesült Államok 45. elnöke. A választási kampány során tett nyilatkozatai és egyéb megnyilvánulásai alapján sejteni lehetett, hogy most „valami új” következik az USA külpolitikájában. Ekkor még többen úgy vélték, hogy az erős és független amerikai intézményrendszer biztosítani fogja a külpolitikai folytonosságot az amerikai érdekek és értékek változatlansága révén. Trump 2017–2020-as elnöksége azonban külpolitikai szempontból sem tekinthető eseménytelennek, kiváltképp a Közel-Keletet illetően. A Trump-adminisztráció számos olyan külpolitikai döntést hozott ebben a pár évben, amelyek korábban fel sem merülhettek volna. Különös tekintettel az Egyesült Államok, Izrael és Szaúd-Arábia viszonyának alakulására, a palesztin–izraeli békefolyamatra, a szíriai amerikai szerepvállalásra és az Iszlám Állammal szembeni harcra, valamint Irán atomprogramjának megfékezésére vonatkozóan. Tanulmányunk ezen témákra fókuszálva igyekszik áttekinteni az elmúlt évek legfontosabb eseményeit és lényegre törően összegezni a Trump-adminisztráció Közel-Kelet-politikáját.
Melissa officinalis: a memory enhancer remedy
Authors:   Neuroscience Lab, Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Eivani Mehdi , Khosronezhad Nahid ,   Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Published: November 2020

Melissa officinalis (MO) is a perennial herb and it is a member of Lamiaceae family. MO is native to Europe and the leaves of the plants are used in traditional medicine for its effects on the central nervous system functions such as sedation, anxiolytic and memory enhancement. Furthermore, MO has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Convincing evidence shows that molecular changes such as oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with a decline in cognitive abilities, including learning and memory. MO and its main ingredient, rosmarinic acid, possess robust anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Besides, animal model studies have shown that MO and rosmarinic acid can improve memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. In this review beneficial implications of MO have been discussed.
Contribution of nucleus raphe magnus to thermoregulation
Authors:   Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran., Kourosh Arami Masoumeh , Komaki Alireza ,   Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran., Gharibzadeh Shahriar ,   Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Thermoregulation is the maintenance of the core body temperature. The regulation of body temperature is one of the most important functions of the nervous system. Nucleus raphe magnus, as a central circuit coordinates the homeostatic response and maintains body temperature during environmental temperature challenges and adjusts body temperature during the inflammatory response and behavioral states and in response to decreasing energy homeostasis. Our aim in this review is the understanding of thermoregulation by raphe magnus in mammals. This review summarizes the basic concepts of thermoregulation and subsequently assesses the physiological responses to cold stress, including skin blood flow control, sweating, sympathetic-derived cutaneous vasoconstriction and peripheral thermoregulatory control in brown adipose tissue.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Authors: Tyagi Ashima
Published: November 2020

TCP/IP has become an undeniable leader in the areas of Information Technology. It is a well-established fact that data transfer between devices occur by the rules defined by the TCP/IP protocol. Each layer of TCP/IP model generally has more than one protocol for carrying out the functions that the layer complies to. TCP/IP model is used widely and it is essential to understand how different protocols work to provide different functionalities. In this article, through the deep consideration of TCP/IP protocol the understanding of the protocols at five layers of TCP/IP is specified.
Heart Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Agrahary Abhay
Published: November 2020

Heart disease is one of the most fatal problems in the whole world, which cannot be seen with a naked eye and comes instantly when its limitations are reached. Therefore, it needs accurate diagnosis at accurate time. Health care industry produced huge amount of data every day related to patients and diseases. However, this data is not used efficiently by the researchers and practitioners. Today healthcare industry is rich in data however poor in knowledge. There are various data mining and machine learning techniques and tools available to extract effective knowledge from databases and to use this knowledge for more accurate diagnosis and decision making. Increasing research on heart disease predicting systems, it become significant to summarize the completely incomplete research on it. The main objective of this research paper is to summarize the recent research with comparative results that has been done on heart disease prediction and also make analytical conclusions. From the study, it is observed Naive Bayes with Genetic algorithm; Decision Trees and Artificial Neural Networks techniques improve the accuracy of the heart disease prediction system in different scenarios. In this paper commonly used data mining and machine learning techniques and their complexities are summarized.
Fractal Antenna Based on Split Ring Resonators with Defected Ground Structure
Authors: R Aruna , S S Sreegiri
Published: November 2020

In this paper presents the design of a circular microstrip fractal antenna (CMFA) loaded with parasitic edge-coupled (EC) split ring resonators (SRR) and defected ground structure (DGS). The basic resonant structure is a circular patch antenna designed at 3.2 GHz on FR4 substrate with relative permittivity 4.4, and 1.6 mm thickness. One iteration of circular patch and slots is employed to form it fractal and so as to attain multiband performance, the antenna is inset fed by a 50? microstrip line. Further the work is extended to demonstrate the effect of placing split ring resonator to particular position of substrate, improves the impedance matching leading to improved bandwidth. In addition L shaped defected ground structures are used to improve the antenna performance. . A comparison between fractal antenna with and without SRRs and DGS is made and the results verifies that a better gain improvement and return loss. The dimensions of the antenna are 45 mm x 45 mm and it can be used for ultra wide band (UWB) applications.
MENUMBUHKAN UPAYA DIVERSIFIKASI USAHA MELALUI PENGUATAN KETRAMPILAN PADA KOMUNITAS KOPERASI WANITA NELAYAN DI GRESIK
Authors: Achmad Zainal Abidin , Mardliyah Sjafiatul , Siswati Endah , Luawo Salma Rivani , Wahyudi Agus
Published: November 2020

Masyarakat nelayan di Gresik masih menunjukkan ketergantugan penghasilan dari tangkapan ikan. Pendapatan nelayan sangat tergantung pada musim tangkap ikan. Pada musim tertentu pendapatan nelayan sangat tinggi, tetapi pada musim-musim berikutnya pendapatan nelayan sangat kecil bahkan tidak ada. Masyarakat nelayan umumnya mempunyai pola hidup konsumtif dan tingkat pinjamannya sangat tinggi. Tidak heran apabila masyarakat nelayan di Gresik masih berkategori miskin. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menumbuhkan upaya diversifikasi usaha melalui penguatan ketrampilan pada komunitas koperasi wanita nelayan di Gresik. Program ini adalah kerjasama antara mahasiswa program Ilmu Sosial FISIP Universitas Airlangga, dengan Dinas Koperasi, UKM, Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Gresik. Berdasarkan hasil program pengabdian masyarakat sebelumnya tentang pengembangan ternak bebek yang memanfaatkan melimpahnya hasil panen dari tambak air laut maupun tambak air tawar. Sisa-sisa hasil tangkapan yang tidak dimanfaatkan memberikan potensi ketersediaan pakan ternak sebagai usaha sampingan. Selanjutnya dorongan untuk mengembangkan peternakan bebek juga berdampak pada tingginya produksi telor bebek. Untuk itulah, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini memberikan pelatihan pembuatan telor asin dan pembuatan prakarya dari bahan limbah rumah tangga agar memiliki nilai jual. Tujuan akhirnya adalah agar masyarakat nelayan memiliki sumber pendapatan selain dari penangkapan, budidaya ikan, pengelolaan ikan, perdagangan ikan dan pekerjaan perikanan lainnya. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan perlunya program lanjutan berupa strategi pemasaran dan pinjaman lunak dari perbankan.
Parole et geste dans la tragédie grecque. À la lumière des trois « Électre »
Authors: Capponi Matteo
Published: November 2020

Imaginez-vous à Athènes, vers 414 avant J.-C. Dans le théâtre de Dionysos sous l’Acropole. Gradins en bois, sol de terre battue, et pour seul décor un bâtiment rudimentaire, doté d’une grande porte. Au programme, Électre de Sophocle. La porte s’ouvre, Électre apparaît. C’est la fille de Clytemnestre et d’Agamemnon. Clytemnestre a assassiné Agamemnon à son retour de Troie, après dix ans de guerre. Elle règne aux côtés de son amant, Égisthe. Électre vient hurler sa peine devant le palais de Mycènes, face aux 12 000 spectateurs athéniens. Elle prend à témoin le jour qui se lève, rappelle le meurtre affreux de son père, invoque les déesses de la vengeance. Sophocle la représente ainsi, accablée par le deuil. Grâce à une tradition longue de 2 400 ans, nous connaissons les mots d’Électre prononcés ce jour-là : ceux de l’héroïne, ceux du poète, ceux de l’acteur derrière le masque. Nous avons le texte qui nous permet d’imaginer les gestes. Et de là les effets de scène, l’émotion des spectateurs, le spectacle vivant. Le présent ouvrage part à la recherche de ces gestes perdus. Entre les lignes des trois « Électre » d’Eschyle, de Sophocle et d’Euripide, il décèle des gestes de différentes natures : jeu et danse du comédien ; actes de parole d’Électre qui prie, se lamente, jure, maudit ; figures stylistiques par lesquelles le poète donne corps au texte… C’est une lecture qui mobilise aussi bien l’oreille que le regard. Qui montre comment la parole, selon les Anciens, acquiert son efficacité sur scène. En d’autres termes : comment elle devient geste.
3D-Printed Microfluidic Sensor for Fluorescence Measurements
Authors: Nawrot Witold , Gzubicka Wioletta , Malecha Karol
Published: November 2020

In this work a fluorescent microfluidic sensor is developed, manufactured and characterized through additive manufacturing technique, using transparent photopolymer. A technology widely known as 3D printing is very suitable for tailor-made microfluidic chips, as it allows for rapid manufacturing. Optical structures can be developed using transparent materials, and this work describes a technique for increasing light transmission through such structure. A complete, inexpensive electronic device is described, containing microfluidic chip, light source, photodetector, microcontroller, communication interface and a multifunctional package with embedded connectors. Performed analyses show that performed surface modification significantly improves light transmission through structure, the material does not show autofluorescence, and whole device is suitable for fluorescence measurements.
The Differences in Influence of Approaches and Learning Styles on Learning Outcomes in the Matter Material of Class IV Students at SD IT Tadzkia, Langsa
Authors: Fahlevi Kamal , Fauzi KMS Amin , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: November 2020

In mathematics learning, the determination of the approach greatly determines student learning outcomes, because mathematics subjects are assessed for students as quite difficult subjects, this assessment appears due to the discomfort experienced by students during the learning process in class. The method used in this research is an experimental method with two-way ANOVA test analysis. This study aims to determine differences in learning outcomes through the PMR and PMR approaches based on the Math App game in terms of student learning styles. The research was conducted at SD IT Tadzkia Langsa with a total sample of 34 students. The data collection technique uses the distribution of learning style questionnaires and by conducting tests (pre-test and post-test). This study found that there were differences in learning income between PMR and PMR based on the Math App game based on a significant value of 0.045 <0.05. Then there were also differences in learning styles based on the results of the SPSS calculation with a significant value of 0.049 <0.05. Whereas in the interaction section between the learning style approach and learning style, it was found that there was an interaction between the learning style approach and the learning style with a significant value of 0.018 <0.05.
Aplikasi Amorik (Animasi Gerak Motorik Tubuh) Sebagai Media Sosialisasi Teknologi Animasi di Lingkungan Pesantren Tahfidz Darussofa Bogor
Authors: Indrianto Indrianto
Published: November 2020

Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat STT-PLN yang dilaksanakan di lingkungan Pesantren yaitu dengan mengajarkan pembuatan animasi menggunakan software Amorik2D. Pelatihan akan diadakan selama 4 hari dimana 2 hari siswa secara langung diberikan tutorial dan praktek sedangkan 2 hari selanjutnya akan dilaksanakan evaluasi terhadap siswa untuk mengetahui sejauh mana mereka menguasai teknik pembuatan animasi dan video animasi. Animasi ialah suatu seni untuk memanipulasi gambar menjadi seolah-olah hidup dan bergerak, yang terdiri dari animasi 2 dimensi maupun 3 dimensi. Animasi 2D membuat benda seolah hidup dengan mengunakan kertas atau komputer. Pada pengabdian ini metode yang digunakan yaitu pertama membentuk  model kemudian model tersebut diberi warna, serta dibuat scenario dari model yang telah dibuat. Seluruh proses pembuatannya dari awal hingga akhir dikerjakan di komputer. Pada pelatihan Animasi ini siswa akan diarahkan untuk tujuan pendidikan yang berguna untuk memperjelaskan tentang koordinasi gerak, di mana dalam satu gerakan badan diperlihatkan gerakan tulang-tulang serta sendi tertentu serta hubungannya dengan gerak otot, yang mana otot yang meregang serta otot mana yang melakukan gerakan menarik. Dalam pembuatan video animasi ini pelatihan menggunakan software Amorik2D yang dibuat dan dikembangkan oleh instruktur tim. Aplikasi grafik dan pembuatan video animasi bertujuan agar Siswa mampu membuat gerakan animasi yang baik dan mampu mengelola pembuatan animasi   secara beregu. Pesantren Tahfidz Darussofa Desa Ciburayut Bogor bergerak di bidang pendidikan khususnya melatih santri dan calon hafidz dan sesuai dengan perkembangan jaman, para santri dituntut untuk bisa menguasai teknologi informasi yang nanti dapat mendukung dalam proses belajar.
Pelatihan Pemodelan Sistem Informasi Menggunakan Rational Rose di Lingkungan BUMD PDAM Tirta Patriot Kota Bekasi Divisi Distribusi dan Transmisi
Authors: Asri Yessy
Published: November 2020

Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Tirta Patriot Kota Bekasi sebagai sebagai penyedia jasa air bersih bagi area industri, area bisnis maupun pemukiman penduduk di wilayah operasional Tirta Patriot, meliputi Kabupaten Bekasi dan sebagian Kota Bekasi. Tirta Patriot senantiasa berupaya memberikan pelayanan terbaik berupa jasa penyedia kebutuhan akan air yang terjamin kualitas dan kuantitasnya. Pelanggan PDAM Tirta Patriot Kota Bekasi dari tahun ke tahun terjadi peningkatan yang baik seiring dengan penambahan Instalasi Pengolahan Air di berbagai cabang pelayanan. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi jumlah pelanggan baru yang seiring berjalannya perusahaan menjadi semakin banyak. Ini menunjukan bahwa pelayanan PDAM Kota Bekasi diapresiasi dengan baik dengan banyaknya pelanggan sampai dengan saat ini. Divisi Distribusi dan Transmisi mempunyai tugas mengatur pelaksanaan seluruh kegiatan penyambungan baru, pemutusan dan penyambungan kembali, pemeliharaan dan perbaikan jaringan pipa dan meter air pelanggan. Divisi Distribusi dan Transmisi merupakan divisi yang mempunyai fungsi dan tanggung jawab dalam kelancaran aliran/tekanan air di jaringan transmisi dan distribusi, terjamin kualitas air di transmisi dan distribusi, pengendalian kehilangan air di seluruh sistem perpipaan dan jaringan, pemeliharaan dan perbaikan jaringan pipa transmisi dan distribusi, pelaksanaan pengembangan jaringan perpipaan, pemasangan dan pemutusan sambungan konsumen serta perbaikan meter air. Tidak diragukan divisi distribusi dan transmisi memiliki peran yang penting dalam meningkatkan pengembangan perusahaan. Sebuah Sistem Informasi pada hakekatnya adalah merupakan suatu sistem yang memiliki komponen-komponen atau sub sistem-sub sistem untuk menghasilkan informasi. Bisnis teknologi dunia saat ini didominasi oleh sektor teknologi informasi. Dalam menghadapi era globalisasi, persaingan akan semakin ketat, sehingga sangat dibutuhkan kebijakan-kebijakan dan aktivitas-aktivitas secara langsung yang dapat meningkatkan daya saing perusahaan di kemudian hari.
Pelatihan Ahli Refrigerasi Tingkat 1 Bagi Para Guru dan Siswa SMK NEGERI 3 Pariaman
Authors: Nurhasanah Roswati , Prayudi Prayudi , Suhengki Suhengki , Hendri Hendri , Andika Andika , Luqman Luqman
Published: November 2020

Peningkatan standar kompetensi para guru dan siswa/i khususnya Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan sesuai dengan himbauan program kementrian Pendidikan untuk melakukan pelatihan bagi para guru dan siswa/i kejuruan. Pendidikan dan pelatihan ini merupakan salah satu bentuk media untuk mempersiapkan kompetensi para guru dan siswa/i kejuruan khususnya di SMK Negeri 3 Pariaman Sumatera Barat dengan merujuk kepada kurikulum 2013. Mitra kegiatan ini adalah SMK Negeri 3 Pariaman Sumatera Barat. Pelatihan ini diperuntukan bagi para guru dan siswa/i SMK Negeri 3 Pariaman Sumatera Barat khususnya di Program Studi Teknik Pendingin dan Tata Udara (TPTU). Pelatihan ini dilaksanakan dalam jangka waktu 3 (tiga) hari mulai tanggal 10 sampai dengan 12 Oktober 2018 dengan materi mengacu pada materi pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 Sistem dan Instalasi Refrigerasi I. Setelah mengikuti pelatihan ini, maka diharapakan para Guru TPTU dapat mengimplementasikan pengetahuan dan keterampilannya untuk meningkatkan pengajaran berbasis kurikulum 2013 serta merawat peralatan sistem pendingin yang ada di Ruang Praktik Kerja dan Bengkel Program Studi Teknik Pendingin dan Tata Udara. Selain itu,  para siswa/i mampu memahami dan memperkaya pengetahuan yang dimilikinya sebagai persiapan dalam menghadapi program magang serta sertifikasi ahli refrigerasi tingkat I di LSP SMK Negeri 3 Pariaman Sumatera Barat.
Pelatihan Sertifikasi Ahli Refrigerasi Tingkat 1 Bagi Siswa SMK Negeri 1 Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Suparmin Prayudi , Pasra Nurmiati , Suhengki Suhengki , Hendri Hendri , Nurhasanah Roswati , Chairat Arief Suardi Nur
Published: November 2020

In accordance Regulation the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No /MEN/2011, each ship crew must have certificate competency experts for fish storage refrigeration. Before, participating in the competency test, each participant must possess knowledge and skills according to the competency standards of level 1 refrigerators. Partner activity is SMK Negeri 1 Tangerang Districts, which a study program Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (TPPU). Curriculum design has not yet been studied specifically accordance regulations for Refrigeration Experts KKP. This education and training one the solutions to prepare graduates will take the competency certificate. The training be carried out within 3 (three) days, the material refers to regulation certification of refrigeration regulations level 1 KKP.  Training is given in form of theory and practice. The pre-test, post-test and evaluation of feedback from participants. The number of participants of the training as 30 consisted of 4 graduate and 26 students of SMK N 1 class XII, Program Study TPPU. From the pre-test and post results, there was 31.12% increase in knowledge about refrigeration system according to competency standard the AR-1 KKP, and from feedback participant that this training activity positively had impact on increasing the competency and expertise participants
Penyuluhan Pengetahuan Tentang Instalasi Listrik dan Mengoptimalkan Penggunaannya Serta Mengatasi Bahaya Listrik Bagi Masyarakat Di Wilayah Duri Kosambi, Cengkareng Jakarta Barat
Authors: Widyastuti Christine , Pujotomo Isworo , Qosim Muchammad Nur , Hariyati Rinna , Hasanah Aas Wasri , Handayani Oktaria , Koerniawan Tony
Published: November 2020

Electricity is the most suitable and appropriate form of energy for modern human life, such as today, where electrical energy has a function that can provide a need or service for electric power obtained by consumers, with electricity human life becomes very pleasant. Television, lighting, traffic lights, all using electricity. So, electricity can be said as a form of technological results that are very vital in human life. With this activity, it is expected that the general public can and understand about safe electrical installation and handling, mitigation of electrical hazards that are not in accordance with PLN's standardization. So that electricity does not necessarily become a scapegoat every time there is a fire in the community, and the voltage system used in Indonesia is: single phase 220 V, and phase three 220/380 V with a frequency of 50 Hz. This voltage system is very influential and dangerous for human safety.
Pemanfaatan Listrik Tenaga Surya Sebagai Pasokan Listrik Untuk Menghidupkan Mesin Pompa Air Masyarakat Dusun Cilatak, Desa Sukadana, Kecamatan Ciomas, Kabupaten Serang, Banten
Authors: Sari Dewi Purnama , Kurniasih Novi , Fernandes Alex
Published: November 2020

The Community Service program activity of the Electricity and Renewable Energy Faculty lecturer team at the PLN Technology Institute for the 2019/2020 fiscal year was carried out in Sukadana village, Ciomas district, Serang region, Banten precisely at RT 011 RW 003 Cilatak hamlet. The selection of Sukadana village as a place to implement Community Service is because this village is still experiencing problems in the construction and development facilities and infrastructure. The problems that are currently being experienced by villagers regarding the clean water distribution for ablution of villagers in the mosque. During this time for ablution in mosque, villagers only rely on water from mountain springs whose distribution relies on gravitational pressure through a plastic hose and accommodated in a large tub located beside the mosque. In addition to being used for ablution, water is also used by villagers to bathing, washing, etc., so that when used for ablution sometimes it is no longer clean because it has been mixed with soapy water used for bathing and washing. Based on those problems, our team provided solution to partner in the form of infrastructure development and clean water supply by reconfiguring the clean water distribution installation for ablution in the mosque by installing solar water pump. The method used in the implementation of this Community Service  activity is to approach the villagers  during the survey through interviews by providing solution to the problem and conducting questionnaires and socialization in the form of a brief education. The results of the activities have been done by installing 2 units of DC water pump @180 Watt, 4 units of polycrystalline solar modules @100 Wp, 2 units of battery @100 Ah 12 V and 2 units of solar charge controller. With the implementation of Community Service activities in Sukadana village, aside from being able to help overcome the problems faced by partner, besides that it can provide progress and development of infrastructure for partner village and the existence of a partnership that makes that village as IT PLN assisted village.
Perancangan Pemanfaatan Tenaga Surya untuk Penyaluran Air Bersih Bagi Pesantren Attuma’ninah Kab. Lebak, Banten
Authors: Senen Adri
Published: November 2020

Clean water is one of the most vital human needs. Indonesia, which the largest part of its territory is water, in fact is still experiencing difficulties to meet the clean water needs  of its population. Based on the data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2018, the percentage of households with clean drinking water sources is 72.99%. Sajira Subdistrict in Lebak, Banten is one that is affected by severe drought. They always experience drought for 6-9 months annually. The people independently built water reservoirs from mountain water sources. Water is pumped using a water pumping machine and accommodated in reservoirs, then distributed to local residents through pipes with minimum distribution distance is 1 km from the reservoir. Due to long distance of the water distribution,many houses can’t be reached by the water. It can be solved by adding a water pump in the reservoir. So the clean water distribution, which is initially only relies on pipes and gravity, can be maximized by the thrust of the water pump. Beside the water pump, the solar panel is also added to the system as a power supply. Thus, the residents don't need to pay for electricity bill to run the pumping system.
Use of Spatial Analysis Techniques to Identify Statistically Significant Crash Hot Spots in Metropolitan Melbourne
Authors: Hovenden Elizabeth , Liu Gang-Jun
Published: November 2020

Understanding where, when, what type and why crashes are occurring can help determine the most appropriate initiatives to reduce road trauma. Spatial statistical analysis techniques are better suited to analysing crashes than traditional statistical techniques as they allow for spatial dependency and non-stationarity. For example, crashes tend to cluster at specific locations (spatial dependency) and vary from one location to another (non-stationarity).

Several spatial statistical methods were used to examine crash clustering in metropolitan Melbourne, including Global Moran’s I statistic, Kernel Density Estimation and Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. The Global Moran’s I statistic identified statistically significant clustering on a global level. The Kernel Density Estimation method showed clustering but could not identify the statistical significance. The Getis-Ord Gi* method identified local crash clustering and found that 15.7 per cent of casualty crash locations in metropolitan Melbourne were statistically significant hot spots at the 95 per cent confidence level. The degree, location and extent of clustering was found to vary for different crash categories, with fatal crashes exhibiting the lowest level of clustering and bicycle crashes exhibiting the highest level of clustering. Temporal variations in clustering were also observed.

Overlaying the results with land use and road classification data found that hot spot clusters were in areas with a higher proportion of commercial land use and with a higher proportion of arterial and sub-arterial roads. Further work should investigate network based hot spot analysis and explore the relationship between crash clusters and influencing factors using spatial techniques such as Geographically Weighted Regression.
Covenanting in Sixteenth-century Scotland
Authors: Dawson Jane E. A.
Published: November 2020

In 1638 the National Covenant deliberately looked backwards, as well as forwards, by incorporating the text of the Negative Confession (1581). Its authors utilised the patchwork of sixteenth-century covenant ideas by drawing upon religious bonding, confessions of faith and the coronation oath. Deeply familiar actions and gestures were used alongside the words, and especially the emotional ritual of taking a vow with hands upraised. This resonated with the broader identity and culture of protestants as a godly people, who, like the Old Testament Israelites, upheld their covenantal relationship with God by the ‘purity'of their reformed worship and discipline.
Local Experiences of National Covenanting, 1638–1643
Authors: McDougall Jamie
Published: November 2020

This article explores how the covenants were experienced by those who subscribed them in 1638 and 1643. Building on the recent historiographical focus on the role of ordinary people in the covenanting movement, this article argues that there were a range of standpoints on the ground which resulted in large part from the ambiguous wording of these national oaths. The role of women in the early covenanting years is also examined, with covenant subscriptions and instances of female-led protest highlighted to suggest the emergence of a more assertive and radical form of female activism.
Decarbonising a University using Science Based Targets
Authors: Chamberlain Joanna
Published: November 2020

The University of Cambridge has set a Science Based Target committing itself to reduce its scope 1 and 2 emissions to absolute zero by 2048, with an aspiration to be a decade ahead of its decarbonisation pathway at all times and to reach zero-carbon by 2038. The programme of works to achieve this ambitious target includes: looking at options to eliminate gas used for space and water heating; developing renewables on University land; sourcing all of the University’s electricity from zero carbon sources; energy efficiency improvements across the University’s estate. In addition to outlining the approach being taken by the University of Cambridge, this session will discuss the challenges involved including the setting of boundaries in a complex and highly devolved governance structure and measuring scope 3 emissions. It will also cover the opportunities and challenges that Covid-19 presents for advancing the University’s carbon reduction agenda.
Confronting myself
Authors: Stone Paula
Published: November 2020

In this paper I illustrate how auto/biography, drawing on feminist research methodology, enabled me to chronicle and theorise the lived experience of class relations in the academy. I explain how auto-diegetic auto/biographical doctoral research has provided me with ‘both a mode of representation and a mode of reasoning’ (Richardson, 1997, p. 28) which was therapeutic, reflexive, as well as agentic to help me understand the sense of displacement in the academy and how I used my doctorate to redress that.
Using Zebrafish to Model Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparison of ASD Risk Genes Between Zebrafish and Their Mammalian Counterparts
Authors: Rea Victoria , Van Raay Terence J.
Published: November 2020

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a highly variable and complex set of neurological disorders that alter neurodevelopment and cognitive function, which usually presents with social and learning impairments accompanied with other comorbid symptoms like hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity, or repetitive behaviors. Autism can be caused by genetic and/or environmental factors and unraveling the etiology of ASD has proven challenging, especially given that different genetic mutations can cause both similar and different phenotypes that all fall within the autism spectrum. Furthermore, the list of ASD risk genes is ever increasing making it difficult to synthesize a common theme. The use of rodent models to enhance ASD research is invaluable and is beginning to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms of this disease. Recently, zebrafish have been recognized as a useful model of neurodevelopmental disorders with regards to genetics, pharmacology and behavior and one of the main foundations supporting autism research (SFARI) recently identified 12 ASD risk genes with validated zebrafish mutant models. Here, we describe what is known about those 12 ASD risk genes in human, mice and zebrafish to better facilitate this research. We also describe several non-genetic models including pharmacological and gnotobiotic models that are used in zebrafish to study ASD.
Obesity Indices to Use for Identifying Metabolic Syndrome among Rural Adults in South Africa
Authors: Seloka Mohlago A. , Matshipi Moloko , Mphekgwana Peter M. , Monyeki Kotsedi D.
Published: November 2020

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic conditions that aggravate the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was aimed to identify the best obesity index to determine MetS. This was a cross-sectional study and part of the Ellisras Longitudinal Study where 593 (289 males and 304 females) adults aged 22–30 years took part. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the single-factor models of MetS defined by mid arterial pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and commonly selected obesity indices such as Neck circumference (NC), Body mass index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC) and Waist to height ratio (WHtR) as indicators of MetS. It was found that a single model fit built based on WC and WHtR suggested a better fit index than NC and BMI in males, whereas, a model built on NC obtained a better fit index for females than other factor models. In conclusion, the result of the present study suggests that in rural Ellisras adult’s, WC and WHtR are the best obesity indices for determining MetS in males and NC in females than other indices. Hence, longitudinal studies are recommended to allow causality to be drawn between obesity indices and MetS.
Regulation of Metabolic Processes by Hydrogen Peroxide Generated by NADPH Oxidases
Authors: Vilchis-Landeros María Magdalena , Matuz-Mares Deyamira , Vázquez-Meza Héctor
Published: November 2020

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important oxidizing molecule that regulates the metabolisms of aerobic organisms. Redox signaling comprises physiological oxidative stress (eustress), while excessive oxidative stress causes damage to molecules. The main enzymatic generators of H2O2 are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases or NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondrial respiratory chains, as well as various oxidases. The NOX family is constituted of seven enzyme isoforms that produce a superoxide anion (O2−), which can be converted to H2O2 by superoxide dismutase or spontaneously. H2O2 passes through the membranes by some aquaporins (AQPs), known as peroxyporins. It diffuses through cells and tissues to initiate cellular effects, such as proliferation, the recruitment of immune cells, and cell shape changes. Therefore, it has been proposed that H2O2 has the same importance as Ca2+ or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as modulators in signaling and the metabolism. The present overview focuses on the metabolic processes of liver and adipose tissue, regulated by the H2O2 generated by NOXs.
DOA Estimation in Non-Uniform Noise Based on Subspace Maximum Likelihood Using MPSO
Authors: Hung Jui-Chung
Published: November 2020

In general, the performance of a direction of arrival (DOA) estimator may decay under a non-uniform noise and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment. In this paper, a memetic particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm combined with a noise variance estimator is proposed, in order to address this issue. The MPSO incorporates re-estimation of the noise variance and iterated local search algorithms into the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, resulting in higher efficiency and a reduction in non-uniform noise effects under a low SNR. The MPSO procedure is as follows: PSO is initially utilized to evaluate the signal DOA using a subspace maximum-likelihood (SML) method. Next, the best position of the swarm to estimate the noise variance is determined and the iterated local search algorithm to reduce the non-uniform noise effect is built. The proposed method uses the SML criterion to rebuild the noise variance for the iterated local search algorithm, in order to reduce non-uniform noise effects. Simulation experiments confirm that the DOA estimation methods are valid in a high SNR environment, but in a low SNR and non-uniform noise environment, the performance becomes poor because of the confusion between noise and signal sources. The proposed method incorporates the re-estimation of noise variance and an iterated local search algorithm in the PSO. This method is effectively improved by the ability to reduce estimation deviation in low SNR and non-uniform environments.
Structure Property Investigation of Glass-Carbon Prepreg Waste-Polymer Hybrid Composites Degradation in Water Condition
Authors: Nosbi Norlin , Ahmad Marzuki Haslan Fadli , Zakaria Muhammad Razlan , Wan Ali Wan Fahmin Faiz , Javed Fatima , Ibrar Muhammad
Published: November 2020

The limited shelf life of carbon prepreg waste (CPW) from component manufacturing restricts its use as a composite reinforcement fibre on its own. However, CPW can be recycled with glass fibre (GF) reinforcement to develop a unique remediate material. Therefore, this study fabricated (1) a glass fibre-carbon prepreg waste reinforced polymer hybrid composite (GF-CPW-PP), (2) a polypropylene composite (PP), (3) a carbon prepreg waste reinforced composite (CPW-PP), and (4) a glass fibre reinforced composite (GF-PP) and reported their degradation and residual tension properties after immersion in water. The polymer hybrid composites were fabricated via extrusion technique with minimum reinforce glass-carbon prepreg waste content of 10 wt%. The immersion test was conducted at room temperature using distilled water. Moisture content and diffusion coefficient (DC) were determined based on water adsorption values recorded at 24-h intervals over a one-week period. The results indicated that GF-PP reinforced composites retained the most moisture post-168 h of immersion. However, hardness and tensile strength were found to decrease with increased water adsorption. Tensile strength was found to be compromised since pores produced during hydrolysis reduced interfacial bonding between glass fibre and prepreg carbon reinforcements and the PP matrix.
Universal Open Space Design to Inform Digital Technologies for a Disability-Inclusive Place-Making on the Example of Hungary
Authors: Szaszák Gabriella , Kecskés Tibor
Published: November 2020

This study explores the ‘people’ and ‘place’ components of the smart city concept in order to inform its third component, ‘technology’, for augmented disability inclusion. The research objective was to reveal the capability of the universal open space design (UOSD) method in classifying key spatial factors according to their type of digital applicability as a channel or subject for information and communication technologies (ICTs). Results were derived from three Hungarian design projects presented as case studies, using the research through design (RtD) method. User needs and usage patterns, open space environmental components and types according to their tolerance towards physical modification, and relevant disability-related concepts linked to UOSD were hierarchized and interrelated to digital technologies that can replace or complement the environmental components. Findings were represented in the spatial Maslow pyramid of user needs related to the relevant spatial design concepts, open spaces public services, and digital technologies. The results showed that upper (less basic) levels of the digital Maslow pyramid related to public services other than transport and concepts other than physical accessibility lack digital completion or replacement. In particular, a more detailed and consistent knowledge about spatial–digital interrelations for sensory accessibility should be incorporated into the practical and theoretical background of “smart” UOSD. In conclusion, this paper demonstrates how the combination of the concepts of UOSD and the smart city support a more complex disability-inclusive experience in an interconnected physical, sociocultural, and digital network of open spaces.
On the Outer-Independent Roman Domination in Graphs
Authors: Martínez Abel Cabrera , García Suitberto Cabrera , Carrión García Andrés , Grisales del Rio Angela María
Published: November 2020

Let G be a graph with no isolated vertex and f:V(G)→{0,1,2} a function. Let Vi={v∈V(G):f(v)=i} for every i∈{0,1,2}. The function f is an outer-independent Roman dominating function on G if V0 is an independent set and every vertex in V0 is adjacent to at least one vertex in V2. The minimum weight ω(f)=∑v∈V(G)f(v) among all outer-independent Roman dominating functions f on G is the outer-independent Roman domination number of G. This paper is devoted to the study of the outer-independent Roman domination number of a graph, and it is a contribution to the special issue “Theoretical Computer Science and Discrete Mathematics” of Symmetry. In particular, we obtain new tight bounds for this parameter, and some of them improve some well-known results. We also provide closed formulas for the outer-independent Roman domination number of rooted product graphs.
Analysis of Optical Solitons for Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Detuning Term by Iterative Transform Method
Authors: Shah Nehad Ali , Agarwal Praveen , Chung Jae Dong , El-Zahar Essam R. , Hamed Y. S.
Published: November 2020

In this article, the iteration transform method is used to evaluate the solution of a fractional-order dark optical soliton, bright optical soliton, and periodic solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The Caputo operator describes the fractional-order derivatives. The solutions of some illustrative examples are presented to show the validity of the proposed technique without using any polynomials. The proposed method provides the series form solutions, which converge to the exact results. Using the present methodology, the solutions of fractional-order problems as well as integral-order problems are calculated. The present method has less computational costs and a higher rate of convergence. Therefore, the suggested algorithm is constructive to solve other fractional-order linear and nonlinear partial differential equations.
EEG-Based EMG Estimation of Shoulder Joint for the Power Augmentation System of Upper Limbs
Authors: Liang Hongbo , Yu Yingxin , Mochida Mika , Liu Chang , Ueda Naoya , Li Peirang , Zhu Chi
Published: November 2020

Brain–Machine Interfaces (BMIs) have attracted much attention in recent decades, mainly for their applications involving severely disabled people. Recently, research has been directed at enhancing the ability of healthy people by connecting their brains to external devices. However, there are currently no successful research reports focused on robotic power augmentation using electroencephalography (EEG) signals for the shoulder joint. In this study, a method is proposed to estimate the shoulder’s electromyography (EMG) signals from EEG signals based on the concept of a virtual flexor–extensor muscle. In addition, the EMG signal of the deltoid muscle is used as the virtual EMG signal to establish the EMG estimation model and evaluate the experimental results. Thus, the shoulder’s power can be augmented by estimated virtual EMG signals for the people wearing an EMG-based power augmentation exoskeleton robot. The estimated EMG signal is expressed via a linear combination of the features of EEG signals extracted by Independent Component Analysis, Short-time Fourier Transform, and Principal Component Analysis. The proposed method was verified experimentally, and the average of the estimation correlation coefficient across different subjects was 0.78 (±0.037). These results demonstrate the feasibility and potential of using EEG signals to provide power augmentation through BMI technology.
On the Urban Link Fundamental Diagram Based on Velocity-Weighted Flow and Queue Length
Authors: Yu Hansong , Kong Junwei , Ren Ye , Yin Chenkun
Published: November 2020

For uninterrupted traffic flow, it is well-known that the fundamental diagram (FD) describes the relationship between traffic flow and density under steady state. To study the characteristics of interrupted traffic flow on a signalized link, a link fundamental diagram (LFD) for urban roads is proposed in this paper. First, a new variable, which synthesizes traffic flow with the speed of each vehicle, is defined. Then, the link fundamental diagram is obtained by drawing a scatter-plot of the velocity-weighted flow versus queue length, which takes on a unimodal curve with an approximately symmetric shape. Finally, simulation studies are conducted by modeling an urban link based on the traffic simulation software VISSIM. Compared with the traditional fundamental diagram, the proposed link fundamental diagram is more intuitive for showing the relationship between traffic condition and queue length. The impacts of the cycle time, green time, and split on the proposed link fundamental diagram are studied. Simulation results show that the shape of the link fundamental diagram fundamentally is determined by the split. The critical point is correlated to split values, and the green time exerts a great influence on both the velocity-weighted flow and the critical queue length. The cycle time has little effect on the critical queue length but has a great influence on the velocity-weighted flow.
Spatial-Temporal-DBSCAN-Based User Clustering and Power Allocation for Sum Rate Maximization in Millimeter-Wave NOMA Systems
Authors: Hoang Huu-Trung , Pham Quoc-Viet , Hwang Won-Joo
Published: November 2020

The combination of millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems exploits the capability to serve multiple user devices simultaneously in one resource block. User clustering, power allocation (PA), and hybrid beamforming problems in mmWave-NOMA systems can utilize the network setting’s potential to enhance the system performance. Based on similar characteristics of the spatial distributions of users in real life, we propose a novel spatial-temporal density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (ST-DBSCAN)-based unsupervised user clustering in order to enhance the system sum-rate. ST-DBSCAN is a state-of-the-art density-based clustering algorithm for solving spatial and non-spatial problems. Moreover, instead of symmetric PA, we propose an inter-cluster PA algorithm. Next, we apply boundary-compressed particle swarm optimization in order to reduce inter-cluster interference and enhance system performance. The simulation results reveal that our proposed solution improves the sum-rate of mmWave-NOMA-based systems when compared with that of mmWave-OMA-based systems. In addition, we compare our proposed algorithm with other benchmark user clustering algorithms in order to investigate the performance of our ST-DBSCAN-based user clustering algorithm. The results also illustrate that our proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art user clustering algorithms in mmWave-NOMA systems.