bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Markovnikov Hydroalkynylation of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes†
Authors: Hou Chuanqi , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Alkynes are versatile synthons in organic synthesis, as well as important structural moieties in bioactive molecules. Recently, transition metal‐catalyzed hydroalkynylation of alkenes has been developed with reactive alkenes and alkenes bearing directing groups. However, the regioselective hydroalkynylation of simple alkenes is still challenging. Herein, we have developed a palladium‐catalyzed Markovnikov hydroalkynylation of unactivated terminal alkenes, which provides an efficient approach for the synthesis of branched alkynyl compounds under mild conditions. This reaction features excellent functional group tolerance, good reaction yields and excellent regioselectivity. Moreover, the asymmetric hydroalkynylation reaction has also been achieved with moderate enantioselectivity by introducing a sterically bulky chiral Pyox ligand.
Racial disparities in the screening mammography continuum within a heterogeneous health care system
Authors: Ganguly Anisha P. , Baker Kelsey K. , Redman Mary W. , McClintock Adelaide H. , Yung Rachel L.
Published: September 2023

Background

Decreased mammography drives breast cancer disparities. Black women have lower rates of mammography completion than White women, and this contributes to disparities in outcomes. Points of disparity along the continuum for screening mammography remain underresearched.

Methods

The authors compared mammography referrals for Black and White women aged 40–74 years at a heterogeneous academic medical center. Completion of steps of the screening mammography continuum was compared between Black and White women within two age cohorts: 40–49 and 50–74 years. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between race and mammogram completion.

Results

Among 26,476 women, 3090 (12%) were Black, and 23,386 (88%) were White. Among Black women aged 50–74 years who were due for mammography, 40% had referrals, 39% were scheduled, and 21% completed mammography; the corresponding values for White women were 42%, 41%, and 27%, respectively. Similar differences in referral outcomes were noted for women aged 40–49 years, although Black women had lower rates of provider‐initiated referrals (9% vs. 13%). Adjusted analyses for those aged 40–49 and 50–74 years demonstrated an association between Black race and lower rates of mammography completion (odds ratio [OR] for 40–49 years, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57–0.95; p = .02; OR for 50–74 years, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.98; p = .02). In multivariable analyses, noncommercial insurance and higher comorbidity were associated with lower rates of mammography. Provider‐initiated referral was positively correlated to mammogram completion.

Conclusions

Black race was associated with 15%–26% lower mammography completion (adjusted). Both groups experienced the highest attrition after scheduling mammograms, although attrition was more precipitous for Black women. These findings have implications for future interventions, including increasing provider‐initiated referrals and decreasing barriers to attending scheduled mammograms.
Design and pilot implementation of the Achieving Cancer Equity through Identification, Testing, and Screening (ACE‐ITS) program in an urban underresourced population
Authors: Dash Chiranjeev , Mills Mary G. , Jones Thelma D. , Nwabukwu Ify A. , Beale Jacqueline Y. , Hamilton Rhonda N. , Hurtado‐de‐Mendoza Alejandra , O’Neill Suzanne C.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The Achieving Cancer Equity through Identification, Testing, and Screening (ACE‐ITS) program is a community‐engaged framework to improve mammography maintenance and rates of genetic risk assessment, counseling, and testing using a multilevel approach that enhances patient navigation through mobile health and community education.

Methods

The ACE‐ITS program is based on the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework focused on the individual (genetic testing, screening navigation) and community (community‐based breast health education) levels and targeted to the biological‐ (genetic risk), behavioral‐ (mammography screening), sociocultural‐ (underserved Black and Hispanic women), and the health care system (patient navigation, automated text messages)–related domains. We further integrate the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model to describe our program implementation.

Results

In collaboration with genetic counselors and community partners, we created educational modules on mammography maintenance and genetic counseling/testing that have been incorporated into the navigator‐led community education sessions. We also implemented a universal genetic risk assessment tool and automated text message reminders for repeat mammograms into our mammography navigation workflow. Through the ACE‐ITS program implementation, we have collaboratively conducted 22 educational sessions and navigated 585 women to mammography screening over the 2020–2021 calendar years. From January to December 2021, we have also conducted genetic risk assessment on 292 women, of whom 7 have received genetic counseling/testing.

Conclusions

We describe a multilevel, community‐engaged quality improvement program designed to reduce screening‐related disparities in Black and Hispanic women in our catchment area.
Organization and morphology of calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive axons in the whole mouse stomach
Authors: Ma Jichao , Nguyen Duyen , Madas Jazune , Bizanti Ariege , Mistareehi Anas , Kwiat Andrew M. , Chen Jin , Lin Mabelle , Christie Richard , Hunter Peter , Heal Maci , Baldwin Shane , Tappan Susan , Furness John B. , Powley Terry L. , Cheng Zixi (Jack)
Published: September 2023

Nociceptive afferent axons innervate the stomach and send signals to the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nociceptive afferents can be detected with a variety of markers (e.g., substance P [SP] and calcitonin gene‐related peptide [CGRP]). We recently examined the topographical organization and morphology of SP‐immunoreactive (SP‐IR) axons in the whole mouse stomach muscular layer. However, the distribution and morphological structure of CGRP‐IR axons remain unclear. We used immunohistochemistry labeling and applied a combination of imaging techniques, including confocal and Zeiss Imager M2 microscopy, Neurolucida 360 tracing, and integration of axon tracing data into a 3D stomach scaffold to characterize CGRP‐IR axons and terminals in the whole mouse stomach muscular layers. We found that: (1) CGRP‐IR axons formed extensive terminal networks in both ventral and dorsal stomachs. (2) CGRP‐IR axons densely innervated the blood vessels. (3) CGRP‐IR axons ran in parallel with the longitudinal and circular muscles. Some axons ran at angles through the muscular layers. (4) They also formed varicose terminal contacts with individual myenteric ganglion neurons. (5) CGRP‐IR occurred in DiI‐labeled gastric‐projecting neurons in the dorsal root and vagal nodose ganglia, indicating CGRP‐IR axons were visceral afferent axons. (6) CGRP‐IR axons did not colocalize with tyrosine hydroxylase or vesicular acetylcholine transporter axons in the stomach, indicating CGRP‐IR axons were not visceral efferent axons. (7) CGRP‐IR axons were traced and integrated into a 3D stomach scaffold. For the first time, we provided a topographical distribution map of CGRP‐IR axon innervation of the whole stomach muscular layers at the cellular/axonal/varicosity scale.
Critical test of the assumption that the hypothalamic entopeduncular nucleus of rodents is homologous with the primate internal pallidum
Authors: Puelles Luis , Stühmer Thorsten , Rubenstein John L. R. , Diaz Carmen
Published: September 2023

The globus pallidus (GP) of primates is divided conventionally into distinct internal and external parts. The literature repeats since 1930 the opinion that the homolog of the primate internal pallidum in rodents is the hypothalamic entopeduncular nucleus (embedded within fiber tracts of the cerebral peduncle). To test this idea, we explored its historic fundaments, checked the development and genoarchitecture of mouse entopeduncular and pallidal neurons, and examined relevant comparative connectivity data. We found that the extratelencephalic mouse entopeduncular structure consists of four different components arrayed along a dorsoventral sequence in the alar hypothalamus. The ventral entopeduncular nucleus (EPV), with GABAergic neurons expressing Dlx5&6 and Nkx2‐1, lies within the hypothalamic peduncular subparaventricular area. Three other formations—the dorsal entopeduncular nucleus (EPD), the prereticular entopeduncular nucleus (EPPRt), and the preeminential entopeduncular nucleus (EPPEm)—lie within the overlying paraventricular area, under the subpallium. EPD contains glutamatergic neurons expressing Tbr1, Otp, and Pax6. The EPPRt has GABAergic cells expressing Isl1 and Meis2, whereas the EPPEm population expresses Foxg1 and may be glutamatergic. Genoarchitectonic observations on relevant areas of the mouse pallidal/diagonal subpallium suggest that the GP of rodents is constituted as in primates by two adjacent but molecularly and hodologically differentiable telencephalic portions (both expressing Foxg1). These and other reported data oppose the notion that the rodent extratelencephalic entopeduncular nucleus is homologous to the primate internal pallidum. We suggest instead that all mammals, including rodents, have dual subpallial GP components, whereas primates probably also have a comparable set of hypothalamic entopeduncular nuclei. Remarkably, there is close similarity in some gene expression properties of the telencephalic internal GP and the hypothalamic EPV. This apparently underlies their notable functional analogy, sharing GABAergic neurons and thalamopetal connectivity.
NMR Self‐Diffusion and Transverse Relaxation Time in Bitumen: The Effect of Aging
Authors: Porto Michele , Angelico Ruggero , Calandra Pietro , Loise Valeria , Abe Abraham A. , Rossi Cesare Oliviero , Caputo Paolino
Published: September 2023

In this investigation the dynamics of two types of bitumens with different penetration grade were tested by using dynamic shear rheometry (DSR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) at unaged conditions, and upon both short‐ and long‐term artificial aging. The gel‐sol transition temperature
was found to increase with increasing the time of aging treatment. Arrhenius parameters of the viscosity were found, unexpectedly, to be correlated with those of simple liquids, suggesting that the two kinds of systems, although chemically and physically quite different, share the same basic process at the molecular level. The molecular dynamics has been then investigated by NMR Pulsed Field Gradient Stimulated‐Echo (PFGSE) and relaxometry (Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill, CPMG, spin‐echo pulse sequence) to capture the effect of aging upon dynamics variables such as self‐diffusion coefficients D and transverse relaxation times T2. The translational diffusion at T>
of the light molecular components of both types of bitumens was characterized by broad distributions of D which were found independent of the experimental time scale up to 0.2 s. Similarly, T2 data could be described as a continuous unimodal distributions of relaxation times determined both at T<
and T>
.
Phosphine‐Enhanced Semi‐Hydrogenation of Phenylacetylene by Cobalt Phosphide Nano‐Urchins
Authors: Ropp Anthony , André Rémi F. , Carenco Sophie
Published: September 2023

Transition metal phosphides are promising, selective, and air‐stable nanocatalysts for hydrogenation reactions. However, they often require fairly high temperatures and H2 pressures to provide quantitative conversions. This work reports the positive effect of phosphine additives on the activity of cobalt phosphide nano‐urchins for the semi‐hydrogenation of phenylacetylene. While the nanocatalyst's activity was low under mild conditions (7 bar of H2, 100 °C), the addition of a catalytic amount of phosphine remarkably increased the conversion, e. g., from 13 % to 98 % in the case of PnBu3. The heterogeneous nature of the catalyst was confirmed by negative supernatant activity tests. The catalyst integrity was carefully verified by post‐mortem analyses (TEM, XPS, and liquid 31P NMR). A stereo‐electronic map was proposed to rationalize the activity enhancement provided over a selection of nine phosphines: the strongest effect was observed for low to moderately hindered phosphines, associated with strong electron donor abilities. A threshold in phosphine stoichiometry was revealed for the enhancement of activity to occur, which was related to the ratio of phosphine to surface cobalt atoms.
Isolated high step‐down DC–DC converter with current‐doubler rectifier for ultracapacitor charger applications
Authors: Tseng Kuo‐Ching , Huang Guan‐Yu , Hsiung Hsin‐Yuan
Published: September 2023

An isolated high‐efficiency, high step‐down converter for ultracapacitor charger is presented. The proposed converter utilized the structure of switched inductors and combined the current‐doubler synchronous rectifier, which can reduce the secondary circulating currents. In addition, the energy of the leakage inductance can be recycled to reduce the voltage stresses of the switches. Therefore, the proposed converter can supply the requirement of charging high current, and keep converting high efficiency at the same time. The maximum efficiency of the proposed converter reaches 96.53% at 350 W, and the full load 1 kW is 94.31%, in the case of input voltage 380 V and output voltage 14.6 V. Finally, a 250 F ultracapacitor is charged by the proposed converter from 0 to 14.6 V with constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes in 1 min. The proposed converters can prove their feasibility by experimental results.
Online state‐of‐charge estimation by modified Coulomb counting method based on the estimated parameters of lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Das Sourabh , Samanta Susovon , Gupta Supratim
Published: September 2023

The state‐of‐charge (SOC) of the battery is the most critical parameter for an electric vehicle (EV) dashboard. Generally, the Coulomb counting (CC) method is used for SOC estimation, but the conventional CC method has some errors due to initial SOC determination. This work uses battery modeling and parameter estimation of a lithium‐iron‐phosphate (LFP) battery to determine the initial SOC. The equivalent circuit models (ECMs) have been used for battery parameters estimation by the least‐squares estimation (LSE) algorithm. This algorithm uses only experimental terminal voltage and current data from Arbin battery testing system. The ECM parameters vary with battery SOC, and the differential capacity plot has explained the variation. SOC can be estimated using estimated parameters and the relationship between SOC and open‐circuit voltage (OCV). Additionally, a modified CC method is proposed to solve the problem of estimating initial SOC by determining an OCV‐SOC relation using experimental data. The modeling of the battery is validated by comparing ECMs with physical battery terminal voltage profiles.
Random field calibration with data on irregular grid for regional analyses: A case study on the bare carrying capacity of bats in Africa
Authors: Mursel Sena , Conus Daniel , Huang Wei‐Min , Buceta Javier , Bocchini Paolo
Published: September 2023

Many applications in science and engineering involve data defined at specific geospatial locations, which are often modeled as random fields. The modeling of a proper correlation function is essential for the probabilistic calibration of the random fields, but traditional methods were developed with the assumption to have observations with evenly spaced data. Available methods dealing with irregularly spaced data generally require either interpolation or computationally expensive solutions. Instead, we propose a simple approach based on least square regression to estimate the autocorrelation function. We first tested our methodology on an artificially produced dataset to assess the performance of our method. The accuracy of the method and its robustness to the level of noise in the data indicate that it is suitable for use in realistic problems. In addition, the methodology was used on a major application, the modeling of animal species connected with zoonotic diseases. Understanding the population dynamics of reservoirs of zoonotic diseases, such as bats, is a crucial first step to predict and prevent potential spillover of deadly viruses like Ebola. Due to the limited data on bats across Africa, their density and migrations can only be studied with probabilistic numerical models based on samples of the ecological bare carrying capacity (). For this purpose, the bare carrying capacity was modeled as a random field and its statistics calibrated with the available data. The bare carrying capacity of bats was found to be denser in central Africa. This is because climatic and environmental conditions are more suitable for the survival of bats. The proposed methodology for random field calibration was shown to be a promising approach, which can cope with large gaps in data and with complex applications involving large geographical areas and high resolution.
Estimating and managing broad risk of chronic wasting disease spillover among cervid species
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Solberg Erling J. , Meisingset Erling L. , Panzacchi Manuela , Rauset Geir Rune , Strand Olav , Van Moorter Bram , Rolandsen Christer M. , Rivrud Inger Maren
Published: September 2023

The management of infectious wildlife diseases often involves tackling pathogens that infect multiple host species. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease that can infect most cervid species. CWD was detected in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Norway in 2016. Sympatric populations of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and moose (Alces alces) are at immediate risk. However, the estimation of spillover risk across species and implementation of multispecies management policies are rarely addressed for wildlife. Here, we estimated the broad risk of CWD spillover from reindeer to red deer and moose by quantifying the probability of co‐occurrence based on both (1) population density and (2) habitat niche overlap from GPS data of all three species in Nordfjella, Norway. We describe the practical challenges faced when aiming to reduce the risk of spillover through a marked reduction in the population densities of moose and red deer using recreational hunters. This involves setting the population and harvest aims with uncertain information and how to achieve them. The niche overlap between reindeer and both moose and red deer was low overall but occurred seasonally. Migratory red deer had a moderate niche overlap with the CWD‐infected reindeer population during the calving period, whereas moose had a moderate niche overlap during both calving and winter. Incorporating both habitat overlap and the population densities of the respective species into the quantification of co‐occurrence allowed for more spatially targeted risk maps. An initial aim of a 50% reduction in abundance for the Nordfjella region was set, but only a moderate population decrease of less than 20% from 2016 to 2021 was achieved. Proactive management in the form of marked population reduction is invasive and unpopular when involving species of high societal value, and targeting efforts to zones with a high risk of spillover to limit adverse impacts and achieve wider societal acceptance is important.
Quality control of camellia oil based on HPLC fingerprinting techniques combined with chemometric methods for triglycerides
Authors: Mo Luyan , Qian Junqing , Li Qian , Huang Aomei , Guo Hui
Published: September 2023

Triglycerides (TAGs) play an important role in the physiological function of vegetable oils. Camellia oil has a variety of good physiological functions. Therefore, a qualitative and quantitative method for the determination of TAGs in camellia oil by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector/electro spray ionization mass spectrometry was developed. The 16 TAGs that separated were identified and quantified by peak‐area normalization. In addition, the major TAGs in camellia oil were OOO (25.25%), OLO (20.72%), POL (9.23%), OLL (8.22%), and OOP (8.22%). Moreover, the content of oleic acid in camellia oil was 81.74%. Using fingerprint techniques, 15 common peaks in 12 samples were selected as characteristic peaks to evaluate the differences in the composition of camellia oil samples. In addition, the samples were further classified by chemometric methods. It is shown that the camellia oil samples with high similarity from two cities in the main producing areas of Zhejiang province could be further classified according to the planting areas by the combination of chromatographic fingerprints and chemometric methods.
Leveraging technology adoption to navigate the 4IR towards a future‐ready business: A systematic literature review
Authors: Kruger Sean , Steyn Adriana A.
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze technology adoption constructs that are instrumental for organizations to effectively utilize emerging technologies, enabling them to navigate the complexities and opportunities presented by the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). To achieve this a descriptive research approach was used, guided by a systematic review of literature from 2016 to 2022. Among the 4037 studies initially identified, only 69 were deemed relevant. Meta‐synthesis was then used to systematically identify, categorize, and quantify fundamental constructs inherent in the models from the relevant literature. As a result of this process, 406 constructs were identified across six thematic categories. These were subsequently integrated to develop a conceptual model that can be used to coordinate strategies to harness the potential of the 4IR towards a future‐ready business. Findings show that the role of technology adoption remains pertinent in the ever‐digitized world in which businesses operate and certain constructs are key to explain, support, and predict enterprise‐wide adoption in the 4IR paradigm. Future studies can expand and test the model to promote digital fluency required by business constituents, noting differences across sectors.
Physicochemical characterization, biodistribution, and bio‐effects of fluorescent carbon dots from roasted Spanish mackerel
Authors: Cui Guoxin , Li Jiaqi , Li Jiaxuan , Wang Haitao , Tan Mingqian
Published: September 2023

Nanoparticles with small sizes formed in the process of food thermal treatment have gained substantial attention due to their safety uncertainty and latent risks to human health. Herein, the physicochemical features of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) from roasted Spanish mackerel were studied, it was found that the size distribution, fluorescence properties, surface groups, and formation process of CDs were highly dependent on the roasting time of Spanish mackerel. The interaction of CDs with digestive proteases resulted in the structural change and activity inhibition of proteases. When the concentration of CDs was 120 μg mL−1, the enzyme activity of pepsin and trypsin was reduced from 100% to 75.95% and 78.5%, respectively. The CDs caused static fluorescence quenching of pepsin and trypsin as confirmed by the fluorescence analysis. After oral administration, CDs can be transported to the main organs through the blood. The cytotoxicity assessment revealed that the cell viability decreased with the prolonging of roasting time. The CDs roasted at 230°C for 40 min showed a significant hemolytic effect even at a low concentration of 0.5 mg mL−1. Moreover, the cellular uptake level and pathway of CDs were significantly affected by blood protein adsorption. This study helps to evaluate the in vivo biodistribution, the interaction with proteases during gastrointestinal digestion, and the cellular uptake of CDs after transport through the blood, providing a theoretical basis for revealing the potential effects of foodborne nanoparticles.
The in vivo and in vitro protein quality of three hemp protein sources
Authors: Nosworthy Matthew G. , Franczyk Adam , Neufeld Jason , House James D.
Published: September 2023

In this work, the protein quality of defatted hemp hearts and protein‐enriched hemp fractions was determined. Protein quality was assessed using a rodent bioassay to evaluate growth and protein digestibility, while amino acid composition was determined via HPLC. A method for determining in vitro protein digestibility was compared to in vivo methodology and used to generate an in vitro protein quality score. The true protein digestibility of hemp protein 2, a hemp protein concentrate, was significantly lower than that of either defatted hemp hearts or hemp protein 1, a hemp protein concentrate (p < .05). While there was no relationship between the in vivo and in vitro measurements of protein digestibility (R2 = .293, p = .459), there was a significant correlation between the protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) determined in vivo and in vitro PDCAAS (R2 = .989, p = .005). The protein efficiency ratio of hemp protein 1 was significantly lower than that of either defatted hemp hearts or hemp protein 2 (p < .05). These data highlight the nutritional capacity of hemp protein sources while also demonstrating the relationship between in vivo and in vitro methods for determining protein quality.
Quaternary sediment datasets for spatial distribution and accumulation on the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin based on remote sensing and field on‐site measurements
Authors: Bai Yalige , Lin Zhipeng , Han Zhongpeng , Wang Xinhang , Wang Chengshan
Published: September 2023

Quaternary unconsolidated sediments are pronouncedly widespread features on the planetary surface, documenting significant geological signals of earth surface processes, climate change and biogeochemical cycles. The extensive unconsolidated deposits play a vital role in natural hazards and Anthropogenic activities, especially in alpine regions where massive unconsolidated materials are produced. However, the spatial distribution and total volume of unconsolidated sediments across the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin (YTRB) remain largely unknown due to the limitation of traditional field surveys and on‐site measurements as well as the complex landscape in the remote area. This study presents the datasets for the systematic distribution and spatial accumulation of unconsolidated sediments across the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin, southern Tibet. Combining remotely sensed data with numerous field investigations, an integrated method based on image processing and kriging interpolation‐pixel integration was performed to semi‐automatically classify and quantify the unconsolidated sediments. Eleven categories of sediments were mapped and their total accumulation is estimated at approximately 4.97 × 1011 t. Ultimately, 17 groups of classification and thickness maps were derived, revealing the distribution and volume of unconsolidated and Quaternary sediments. The datasets fill the gaps in comprehensive investigations of unconsolidated sediments for YTRB, and provide a fundamental database to support the scientific understanding of potential linkages between the distribution of unconsolidated sediments with environmental changes and human activities.
Prevalence and determinants of resistant hypertension in the delta region of Egypt: A prospective observational study
Authors: Elbarbary Mohammed , Shoeib Osama , El‐saied Shaimaa B. , Atlm Ramy M. , Alkassas Amr
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Hypertension (HTN) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality affecting about 30%–40% of the adult population in developed countries. Fewer data were published about the prevalence, sociodemographics, and clinical characteristics of the resistant hypertensive population in Egypt. Hence, our aim is to focus the attention on these determinants especially in the delta region of Egypt.

Methods

Data belonging to patients visiting our HTN clinic in the Cardiovascular Department, Tanta University Hospital, Gharbeyah Governorate, Egypt, were collected over 12 months, between January 1, 2022, and 31 December 31, 2022, and then carefully analyzed.

Results

We found that the prevalence of resistant hypertension (RHTN) in the delta region of Egypt was 18%. We noted more RHTN cases in older age, that is, mean ± Std. was 51.5 ± 13.24 and 62.1 ± 7.56 for non‐RHTN and RHTN, respectively. Also, the prevalence was higher in women representing about 54.4% of cases. Sixty‐two percent of the patients with RH were obese (mean ± Std. of body mass index was 30.7 ± 5.36 in HTN and 47.7 ± 30.3 in RHTN groups with p value <0.001). We found a significant relationship between chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and RHTN.

Conclusion

Control of HTN among the Egyptian population in the delta region was unsatisfactory and higher than rates published globally. RH was more obvious in women, elderly, obese population, and diabetic and chronic kidney disease patients. Excessive use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, smoking, and high salt intake were clearly observed.
Chiral supramolecular nanomaterials: From chirality transfer and amplification to regulation and applications
Authors: Chen Wenrui , Li Boran , Gao Guanbin , Sun Taolei
Published: September 2023

Chirality is an omnipresent structural feature found in nature. The transfer and amplification of chirality are widely recognized phenomena. In appropriate solvents, chiral molecules can self‐assemble into diverse chiral supramolecular nanomaterials with unique properties. In the past two decades, there has been a growing number of reported chiral supramolecular nanomaterials. Significant advancements have been made in the transfer and amplification of chirality within these materials, as well as their regulation and applications. Therefore, it is essential to summarize the progress made in this field. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in chiral supramolecular nanomaterials, ranging from chirality transfer and amplification to regulation and applications. This review aims to deepen our understanding of the fundamental origins of inherent chirality in the chiral supramolecular nanomaterials, while also providing a reference for expanding their potential applications.
Exploring the Sequence Space of Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimers
Authors: Cai Xingguang , Capecchi Alice , Olcay Basak , Orsi Markus , Javor Sacha , Reymond Jean‐Louis
Published: September 2023

There is an urgent need to develop new antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant bacteria. Herein we report our investigation of antimicrobial peptide dendrimers (AMPDs) active against Gram‐negative bacteria, whose sequences were designed using a genetic algorithm optimizing molecular similarity to the previously reported AMPD T7 with sequence (KL)8(KKL)4(KKLL)2KKKL. Our computational approach selected analogues unlikely to emerge from a systematic study, including AMPD X66 with a non‐conservative Leu→Glu mutation at the dendrimer core which proved compatible with antibacterial effects. Circular dichroism showed that this AMPD is α‐helical. Molecular dynamics suggest that its α‐helical structure is stabilized by an intramolecular salt bridge involving the core glutamate side chain and a lysine side chain in the dendrimer branches. More substantial variations at the dendrimer core were also tolerated such as the installation of the dianionic pegylated fatty acid side chain of the drug semaglutide potentially useful for in vivo studies.
Prevention and elimination efforts of HIV/AIDS caused by sexual violence against women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: An editorial
Authors: Ciswaka Henoch , Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Masimango Gaston , Bavurhe Rodrigue Fikiri , Bulondo Daniel , Biamba Chrispin , Kibukila Fabrice , Feza Pamela , Akilimali Aymar , Nyakio Olivier
Published: September 2023

Synopsis

HIV is a major public health problem in the Democratic Republic of the Congo due to its high incidence and prevalence and its continuing spread.
Association between anti‐endothelial antigen antibodies and allograft rejection in kidney transplantation
Authors: Lee Hyun Ji , Shin Kyung‐Hwa , Kim Il Young , Choi Byung Hyun , Kim Hyung‐Hoi
Published: September 2023

Background

Endothelial cells are vital in the transplant immune system as semiprofessional antigen‐presenting cells. Few studies have investigated the importance of anti‐endothelin subtype A receptor (ETAR) antibodies in kidney transplantation. Here, we aimed to analyze the association between anti‐angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) and anti‐ETAR antibodies and the association between the presence of anti‐endothelial antibodies and the risk of allograft rejection in kidney transplantation.

Methods

In total, 252 patients who underwent kidney transplantation were enrolled in this study. Antibodies for human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and non‐HLAs were analyzed immediately before transplantation. Patients were categorized based on the occurrence of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) or T‐cell‐mediated rejection (TCMR) by 2017 Banff classification. All p‐values were two‐tailed, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Patients with anti‐AT1R antibodies had a 3.49‐fold higher risk of TCMR than those without anti‐AT1R antibodies. Patients with anti‐ETAR antibodies had a 5.84‐fold higher risk of AMR than those without anti‐ETAR antibodies. The hazard ratio of AMR in patients with both HLA DSAs and anti‐ETAR antibodies, relative to patients without anti‐ETAR antibodies and HLA DSAs, was 32.85 (95% CI = 1.82–592.91).

Conclusion

Our findings indicated that anti‐ETAR antibodies are associated with AMR, and patients with both anti‐ETAR antibodies and de novo HLA DSAs were at a high risk of AMR.
Garetosmab in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: Clinical Pharmacology Results from the Phase 2 LUMINA‐1 Trial
Authors: Wang Yuhuan , Nguyen Jenny‐Hoa , de Ruiter Ruben D. , Mendell Jeanne , Srinivasan Dushyanth , Davis John D. , Eekhoff E. Marelise W.
Published: September 2023

Here, we report the clinical pharmacology data from LUMINA‐1 (NCT03188666), a Phase 2 trial that evaluated garetosmab (a monoclonal antibody against activin A) in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Forty‐four patients were randomly assigned to intravenous 10 mg/kg of garetosmab or placebo every 4 weeks in a double‐blind 28‐week treatment period, followed by a 28‐week open‐label treatment period with garetosmab, and subsequent open‐label extension. Serum samples were obtained to assess pharmacokinetics (PK), immunogenicity, and bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9). Comparative exposure–response analyses for efficacy and safety were performed with trough concentrations (Ctrough) of garetosmab prior to dosing. Steady‐state PK was reached 12‐16 weeks after the first dose of garetosmab, with mean (standard deviation) Ctrough of 105 ± 30.8 mg/L. Immunogenicity assessments showed anti‐garetosmab antibody formation in 1 patient (1/43; 2.3%); titers were low, and did not affect PK or clinical efficacy. Median concentrations of BMP9 in serum were approximately 40 pg/mL at baseline. There were no meaningful differences in PK or BMP9 concentration–time profiles between patients who did and did not experience epistaxis or death. The comparative exposure–response analyses demonstrated no association between Ctrough and efficacy or safety. PK findings were consistent with prior data in healthy volunteers and were typical for a monoclonal antibody administered at doses sufficient to saturate target‐mediated clearance. There were no trends that suggested patients with higher serum exposures to garetosmab were more likely to experience a reduction in heterotopic ossification or adverse events. Garetosmab is being further evaluated in the Phase 3 OPTIMA trial.
Pregnancy outcome in Refsum disease: Affected fetuses and children born to an affected mother
Authors: Dubot Patricia , Astudillo Léonardo , Touati Guy , Baruteau Julien , Broué Pierre , Roche Sandrine , Sabourdy Frédérique , Levade Thierry
Published: September 2023

We describe the case of a young woman, from a consanguineous family, affected by adult Refsum disease (ARD, OMIM#266500). ARD is a rare peroxisomal autosomal recessive disease due to deficient alpha‐oxidation of phytanic acid (PA), a branched‐chain fatty acid. The accumulation of PA in organs is thought to be responsible for disease symptoms. The patient presented only bilateral shortening of metatarsals and has been treated with a low‐PA diet. She is homoallelic for the c.135‐2A > G mutation of PHYH, and she married her first cousin carrying the same mutation. She was pregnant seven times and had two homozygous girls. Due to a potential exacerbation of the disease during the third trimester of pregnancy, her weight and plasma PA levels were monitored. No specific events were noticed for the mother during the pregnancies and postpartum periods. This case also raised the question of potential exposure to PA (and its subsequent toxicity) of a homozygous fetus in a homozygous mother. Despite modestly elevated plasma concentrations of PA at birth (<30 μmol/L), the two affected girls did not present any specific sign of ARD and have so far developed normally. As only a few determinations of plasma PA levels in the mother could be performed during pregnancies, showing mild elevations (<350 μmol/L), it remains difficult to conclude as to a possible transplacental crossing of PA.
Impaired fat oxidation during exercise in multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Madsen Karen L. , Preisler Nicolai , Buch Astrid E. , Stemmerik Mads G. , Laforêt Pascal , Vissing John
Published: September 2023

We investigated the in vivo skeletal muscle metabolism in patients with multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) during exercise, and the effect of a glucose infusion. Two adults with MADD on riboflavin and l‐carnitine treatment and 10 healthy controls performed an incremental exercise test measuring maximal oxidative capacity (VO2max) and a submaximal exercise test (≤1 hour) on a cycle ergometer. During submaximal exercise, we studied fat and carbohydrate oxidation, using stable isotope tracer methodology and indirect calorimetry. On another day, the patients repeated the submaximal exercise receiving a 10% glucose infusion. The patients had a lower VO2max than controls and stopped the submaximal exercise test at 51 and 58 minutes due to muscle pain and exhaustion. The exercise‐induced increase in total fatty acid oxidation was blunted in the patients (7.1 and 1.1 vs 12 ± 4 μmol × kg−1 × min−1 in the healthy controls), but total carbohydrate oxidation was higher (67 and 63 vs 25 ± 11 μmol × kg−1 × min−1 in controls). With glucose infusion, muscle pain decreased and average heart rate during exercise dropped in both patients from 124 to 119 bpm and 138 to 119 bpm. We demonstrate that exercise intolerance in MADD‐patients relates to an inability to increase fat oxidation appropriately during exercise, which is compensated partially by an increase in carbohydrate metabolism.
Hyperornithinemia‐hyperammonemia‐homocitrullinuria syndrome in pregnancy: Considerations for management and review of the literature
Authors: Ho Bernice , MacKenzie Jennifer , Walia Jagdeep , Geraghty Michael , Smith Graeme , Nedvidek Julie , Guerin Andrea
Published: September 2023

Hyperornithinemia‐hyperammonemia‐homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is a rare metabolic autosomal recessive urea cycle disorder. Only about 100 patients have been reported in the literature. As the population survives into reproductive years, pregnancy management becomes a new challenge for this clinicians. To our knowledge, there are less than three patients with successful pregnancies and deliveries found in the literature with no specific consensus on management or recommendations for HHH syndrome. We reviewed the current literature regarding pregnancy outcomes, combine it with our experience managing a patient through two successful pregnancies and identify a new concern of fetal intrauterine growth restriction. From this, recommendations for pregnancy management are made, including a detailed protocol for clinicians to use for disease management at delivery and in the post‐partum period.
Soil moisture precipitation feedbacks in the Eastern European Alpine region in convection‐permitting climate simulations
Authors: Truhetz Heimo , Mishra Aditya N.
Published: September 2023

A novel convection permitting modelling framework that combines a pseudo‐global warming approach with continuously forced deep soil moisture from prescribed perturbation storylines is applied in the Eastern European Alpine region and parts of the Pannonian Basin to investigate soil moisture precipitation (SMP) feedbacks on summertime precipitation and the feedbacks’ role under changed climate conditions. A set of 1‐year convection‐permitting (3 km horizontal grid spacing) soil moisture sensitivity simulations with the regional climate model of the Consortium for Small‐Scale Modelling in Climate Mode are conducted. In order to account for global warming, end‐of‐the‐century climate change effects from four global climate models, projecting the greenhouse gas concentration scenario RCP 8.5, are imprinted. The simulations reveal that (1) the locations of precipitation events are highly sensitive to soil moisture modifications while intensities and the internal structure of precipitation events are nearly unaffected and (2) high precipitation intensities are more likely in combinations with positive temporal but distinctive (either strong positive or strong negative) spatial SMP coupling. Low precipitation intensities are in favour of combinations of negative temporal and positive spatial coupling. The analyses suggest that soil moisture at a given time acts as a guiding field for the location of the next precipitation event. Interestingly, this behaviour is independent of climate change, although the coupling strength's increase is 1.5–1.7 times larger than expected from linear climate change scaling when climate becomes 50% dryer. Finally, it is found that (1) local deviations in the climate change signal of summertime precipitation in the range of up to ±40% are caused by uncertainty in deep soil moisture in the range of ±10% and (2) these local deviations in the climate change signal are dominated by soil moisture uncertainty in future climate conditions.
The impact of ICE‐6G ice sheet topography in the oceanic carbonate system
Authors: Leonardo Noele Franchi , Casagrande Fernanda , Justino Flavio Barbosa
Published: September 2023

During the Last Glacial Maximum (approximately 21 ka BP) the presence of large ice sheets over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) caused significant changes in the ocean–atmosphere interaction. Remarkable changes are noticed in NH both topography and atmospheric CO2 levels. This paper investigates the impact of the most recent paleotopography (ICE6G) in the Earth's climate and the oceanic carbonate system, based on a series of experiments conducted with the oceanic‐atmosphere‐vegetation‐ice‐carbon model, UVic ESCM. Results indicate enhanced cooling in northern North America in the ICE6G compared to the ICE4G simulation due to the lapse rate effect. The decrease of −24°C in the surface temperature in the ICE6G relative to the present day (PD) led to a modification of the atmospheric circulation in the Atlantic and North Pacific regions. Positive and negative anomalies vary widely for the E–P (evaporation–precipitation) flux pattern, but colder and drier atmosphere leads to a reduction in precipitation in the ICE6G experiment. Changes in wind stress between ICE6G and PD induce low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere. These features are related changes of Ekman's transport and evaporative cooling resulting in positive anomalies of SST. Thus, changes in sea surface temperature and salinity (SST, SSS), and E–P flux led to modifications in the oceanic carbonate system, resulting in an overall increase of total alkalinity and a reduction in the concentrations of total carbon dioxide (TCO2) in the ICE6G with respect to the PD values. This is a consequence of the low concentration of glacial CO2 and increment in concentrations. The total alkalinity (TA) and TCO2 do not show a similar response to the SST and SSS, in the sense that larger departures from the PD are found in the Pacific equatorial region, which are affected by changes in water dilution as a result of precipitation and evaporation processes.
Comparisons of reanalysis and measured lower‐troposphere winds over a portion of equatorial Africa
Authors: Diem Jeremy E. , Salerno Jonathan , Bailey Karen , Konecky Bronwen
Published: September 2023

Despite lower‐troposphere wind flow being a major control of rainfall in equatorial Africa, no studies have systematically compared winds from multiple reanalyses nor have attempted to validate the wind directions. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to assess differences in wind directions among multiple reanalysis products and compare reanalysis winds with wind measurements made at weather stations. The study region is western Uganda, part of the transition region between western equatorial Africa (WEA) and eastern equatorial Africa (EEA). Four‐times daily (i.e., 0Z, 6Z, 12Z and 18Z) 10‐m and 850‐hPa winds from 1980 to 2021 are obtained for ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5), Japan Meteorological Agency 55‐year Reanalysis (JRA55), Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA2), NCEP‐NCAR Reanalysis 1 (R1) and NCEP/DOE Reanalysis II (R2). Wind measurements at 10 m and 850 hPa are obtained for six weather stations and two weather stations, respectively. Agreements between pairs of products and between measurements and reanalysis estimates are determined. In addition, differences between reanalyses and measurements with respect to wind vectors are calculated. Results show that the majority of reanalyses have western Uganda within the prevailing easterly flow over EEA and east of the prevailing westerly flow over WEA. Ten‐meter wind measurements also show easterly flow being prevalent throughout western Uganda. R1 is unique among the products due to a relatively large number of westerly days. However, much of the westerly flow is likely artificial, based on station data. MERRA2 has large easterly biases. JRA55 is much more accurate than the other products at reproducing the intra‐annual frequencies of wind directions. JRA55 and ERA5 are the least biased products based on the magnitudes of difference vectors. Therefore, it is recommended that JRA55 and ERA5 continue to be used in examinations of winds in western Uganda.