bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New 3- hydrazonoindolin-2-one Cd(II) complexes with amino pyridine ligands, Synthesis, Characterization and biological activity evaluation
Authors: Lubna W. Mohammed  , Ahmed A. Irzoqi
Published: April 2023

This research includes synthesis and characterization of some of Cd(II) complexes with (3-hydrazonoindolin-2-one)(HZI) ligand and amino pyridine ligands.   
Treatment equialmolar of CdCl2.2.5H2O and (HZI) ligand with two moles of n-aminopyridine (n-amp) (n:2,3,4) ligands afford a tetrahedral complexes of the type [Cd(HZI)(n-amp)2]Cl2, where (HZI) ligand behaves as a bidentate chelating fashion through the N atom of azomethine group and  O atom of carbonyl group. Whereas the (n-amp)(n: 2,3,4) was bonded monodentate mode through the N atom of heterocyclic ring.
The prepared complexes have been characterized by molar conductivity, elemental analysis, infrared spectra and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra.
Also the evaluation of biological activity of the prepared complexes against two types of gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus) and (Citrobacer Freundii) and gram negative, all prepared complexes showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus more than  amikacin, while the [Cd(HZI)(3-amp)2]Cl2 complex showed high activity against Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Citrobacter freundii more than another prepared complexes
Hydrocarbon Potentiality and Depositional Environment of Naokelekan Formation in Binari Serwan-1 Well, NE-Iraq Using Infrared Factors and Palynological Analysis Evidence
Authors: Rzger A. Abdula  , Maryam I. Abdulla  , Nabaz A. Salih  , Sazan A. Isa  , Hedayat Hashmi
Published: April 2023

The cuttings from the Jurassic Naokelekan Formation have been studied in the oil exploratory Binari-Serwan-1 Well in Dokan Town, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq. Both infrared spectrometry techniques and microscopic study were used for determining hydrocarbon generation potentiality. The prepared strewn slides have been studied under polarizing microscope. The Naokelekan Formation has revealed an excellent total organic carbon (TOC) wt. % content, ranging from 4.20 to 5.88 wt. %. The palynomorphs as well as phytoclasts are totally absent and only the amorphous organic matter (AOM) was identified. The concentrated kerogens of selected samples were analyzed by the Infrared Spectrometer. The results of these samples analysis show existence of kerogen types II and III, which coincides with the microscopic study. This organic matter is of gas and oil prone types. This study suggests that the sediments were deposited in a marine, suboxic to anoxic environment.
Effects of Nd:Yag Laser on some virulence factor genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria
Authors: Aidah Abd Al-doori  , Awatef Saber Jasem  , Adnan F. AL-Azzawie
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to assess effects of the 532nm Nd-yag laser on the genes of Tox A, Exo S, and Opr L, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria isolated from clinical (wounds, burns, otitis media) and environmental (water, soil) samples. Clinical samples were collected from patients coming to Saladdin General Hospital from wound, burns and middle ear infections while environmental samples were extracted from water and soil for Saladdin General Hospital . Bacterial samples irradiated by Nd-Yag laser with wavelength of 532 nm using energies (300mj,500mj) with (15 and 25 sec) and genomic DNA were extracted from all samples after the diagnosis of P. aeruginosa bacteria depending on the macroscopic and biochemical examination, then the PCR technique was performed. The results have shown an impact on P. aeruginosa bacteria of Nd-Yag laser by comparing PCR results of treated samples with control (unexposed) as loss of normal bands. This indicates that the laser had a genetic effect on the P. aeruginosa bacteria. We conclude that the laser induces genetic changes in P. aeruginosa's DNA so that lasers can be used in treatment and sterilization for clinical and environmental . The PCR technique could be used as a biomarker study to determine the biological effects of radiation on bacteria.
genotoxicity produced in the epithelial cells of the oral cavity and Comet assay in urinary tract of workers in aluminum factories
Authors: Sarab Dalaf Khalaf  , Wajdi Sabeeh Sadeq
Published: April 2023

Whilst being environmentally abundant, aluminum is not essential for life. On the contrary, aluminum is a widely recognized neurotoxin that inhibits more than 200 biologically important functions and causes various adverse effects in plants, animals, and humans. The acute toxicity of aluminum is low. No acute effects due to dietary exposure to aluminum have been observed in the general population. A compendium is provided of aluminum compounds used in industrial settings, and as pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics and as other household products. In our current study, the genotoxicity of aluminum was evaluated in epithelial cells by Micronucleus assay in buccal cells and Comet assay in urinary tract cells, 50 samples were taken from the workers in the aluminum factory and 50 samples as control. The results showed significant increased in the average of the affected cells (8.86 ± 1.36) and the average total cell total (51.66 ± 18.19)  in urinary tract while the average of damage cells (72.02 ± 8.99) and It is noted that the mean micronuclei (1.61±29.80) and the average abnormality in all cells (3.06 ±92.54) while the Mni(51.28 ±10.61). These results suggest that the estimation of cellular genetic damage in epithelial cells by Micronucleus assay and Comet assay estimation is important to know the toxic effects of aluminum.
Comparison of prevalence of head lice Pediculus humanus capitis among male and female students of some primary schools in Tikrit City
Authors: Alaa Emad Tawfeeq
Published: April 2023

A study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer, 1767) among male and female students of five primary schools in Tikrit (Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari for Boys and Fara'a schools for girls in Al-Shuhada neighborhood, and Hawa for girls ’school in Al-Qadisiyah / Al-Duibbat neighborhood, and a school Sincerely, first born for boys in Al-Asri neighborhood, and Madar mixed school in Shishen district).
The results showed prevalence of infection with parasite among the five school students, with a total injury rate of 21.9%, of which 13.8% for males and 80.11% for females. Consequently, the prevalence of parasite among students in  6-7 age group was higher than in rest of age groups, reaching 23.23% and lowest in 10-year age group and over, which reached 16.03%.
The study showed length and nature of hair (tribe or curly) in percentage of infection with parasite, as percentage of infection in females with short hair reached 12.14%, while weakness in females with long hair reached 23.12%, and percentage of injury among students of lower hair was 36.32% for those with Curly hair and 11.81% for tribute hair.
Evaluation the correlation between Inulin and Cystatin C with kidney function tests and GFR in patients with renal disorders
Authors: Nawar Mohsin Abd-alaziz  , Wasan Nazhan Hussein
Published: April 2023

Background: Kidneys are important organs in the human body because of their great importance in assisting the body to remove waste products that resulting from food metabolism through renal filtration of blood plasma from unwanted substances and excreted through diuresis and recover substances that body needs to the blood, relative effectiveness of the kidney can be estimated by measuring the efficiency of glomerular filteration rate (GRF), represented by amount of inulin filtrate into renal tubules for a specified period of time, any difference in normal value indicates the presence of a disorder in the kidney, which affects on performance of its functions and occurrence of imbalance in internal environment of the body, and leads to disrupting functions of other parts of the body, measuring rate of renal filtration is one of the best ways to know function of the kidneys and diagnose various kidney diseases and prevent their development.
Materials and Methods : The study included measuring rate of inulin clearance in the blood plasma, and estimating level of cystatin C and a number of biochemical variables in serum and evaluation the effect of body mass index BMI. 50 sample was collected from patients with chronic renal failure, and 50 sample of patients with diabetic nephropathy and 50 sample  as control group.
Results: The results indicate that a significant decrease in the rate of inulin clearance in plasma and serum albumin, with a significant increase in level of serum cystatin C, glucose, urea and creatinine, and  a non significant differences in level of serum uric acid in patients with chronic renal failure and diabetic nephropathy as compared to control group.
Suitability Evaluation of Mudstone of Injana Formation for Dam Filling Materials in TaqTaq area/Erbil/Iraq
Authors: Fahad Jamal Suhael  , Amera Ismail Hussain
Published: April 2023

The research aims to study some geotechnical properties for mudstone of  Injana Formation  in the eastern part of Erbil city, to determine their suitability as filling  materials in the dams. Nine samples representing the study area were sampled. From the results of  petrophysical tests, the liquid limit and the plasticity index were found to be within the limits of the Iraqi standard, the values of the liquid limit range between  (39.26-44.2)%. The plasticity index ranges between (14.96-19.82). The grain size distribution analysis shows the applicability of the zone C for Nine samples.Total soluble salts (T.S.S). Ranging from (1.04 -4.81) The gypsum contains between (0.02-0.09)%. It conforms to the Iraqi standard specification where the results of the samples (1)(2)(4)(5) suitable for the filling  materials in the dams but the (3)(6)(7) (8)(9) samples unsuitable
Study the compatibility between four detectors manufactured on one silicon chip
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim Farhan  , Wlla M. Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The tin oxide was deposited by using a vacuum thermal method on one silicon base to form four detectors , each of 0.25 cm2 in size and separated by 0.15mm. Differences in the properties of manufactured optical detectors were studied in the same method, conditions, and at the same time . The results indicated that the thickness of the films (200nm, 200nm, 170nm, 180nm). And the results haven't changed much when trying to grow another membrane. The results of the electrical properties showed a convergence in the voltage barriers (0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77)V for thickness (200nm, 200nm, 170nm, 180nm) respectively, but the ideal factor between a large difference in one of the detectors (5.9, 6.1, 6, 3.5). The lighting current  increases with the incident  of the optical power. The results showed that the rise time of the thinnest thickness reached (0.096µs), which is the fastest among the detectors. While the thickest film has off  time (8.2µs), it is the fastest time for relaxation among other detectors.
Studying the weather condition affecting on solar panel efficiency
Authors: Yaseen. H. Mahmood  , Faris S. Atallah  , Ali F. Youssef
Published: April 2023

Solar energy is one of the most widely used types of renewable energy. Solar panels are more used, but weather factors affect their efficiency. In this research, some factors affecting the efficiency of solar cells were studied. A solar cell of single crystalline silicon have been used. The theoretical efficiency of this cell was about (16.276%), and the practical efficiency of the solar cell itself was calculated when the weather was Cloudy and its surface moistened with rain water, its maximum efficiency (8.5258%). As for when its surface is dry in the same conditions, its greatest efficiency is (14.5703%), and when the atmosphere is clear and the cell surface is covered with dust, its greatest efficiency will be (8.9502%).
Hybrid Algorithms Use Monomials in Encryption
Authors: Awni M. Gaftan  , Atyaf A. Abd
Published: April 2023

In this study we used Diffie-Hellman (D-H) method with algorithms used monomials to get on hybrid algorithms to find a new key which can be used in clear text encryption
Complement Hopfian Module
Authors: Sufyan A. Hamid  , Nada K. Abdullah
Published: April 2023

Amodule M is called comp. Hopfian if any epomorphism f  End (M) . ker f is complement of N in M for some submodule N of M . In this study, some properties of comp. Hopfian modules are investigated with examples .
Bi- Supra Hereditary and Bi – Supra Topological Properties for some Supra – Separation Axioms
Authors: Leqaa Mohammed Saeed Hussein  , Taha Hameed Jasim Al-Douri
Published: April 2023

A new definitions of some Supra hereditary and Supra topological property  was introduced namely ( - Supra hereditary and  – Supra Topological) properties , the relation between them was studied for some  Supra – Separation Axioms
At last many characterization and theorem was proved .
Chromatic Number and some Properties of Pseudo-Von Neumann Regular graph of Cartesian Product of Rings
Authors: Nermen J. Khalel  , Nabeel E. Arif
Published: April 2023

Let R be a commutative ring, the Pseudo – Von Neumann  regular graph of the ring R is define as a graph whose vertex set consists of all elements of R and any two distinct vertices a and b are adjacent if and only if , this graph is denoted by P-VG(R), in this work we got some new results about chromatic number of Pseudo-Von Neumann regular graph of cartesian product of rings.
Interstop [Dioraleze] Drug-induced hepatotoxicity and Liver Injury In Rats
Authors: Asraa Abed Thiyab
Published: April 2023

Interstop (Also known as Dioraleze) was the focus of this research paper to elaborate and find out the effect of Interstop administration on Hepatocytes in Rats.
Rats from both sexes were randomly distributed into three main groups as follows:
Group 1 (Control): Orally given distilled water daily for three weeks.
Group 2 (Treatment): Orally given 1mg/kg body weight Interstop daily for three weeks.
Group 3 (Overdose): orally given 2.5mg/kg body weight Interstop daily for three weeks.
At the end of the experiment,  rats were dissected and the liver was obtained under aseptic technique for laboratory study.  
Drug-induced liver disease is usually a result of metabolites that could affect the cell and tissue biochemistry directly or result in an immune response which was found in this study as the occurrence of several Vascular Sacs directly attached to the liver in all rats present in group 2 and 3. The sac ranged in size from 0.5 cm-1 cm compared to control that lacked the presence of any vascular sac.
Liver in both treatment groups showed several abnormalities after treatment compared to Group 1 which includes Karyolysis, pyknosis and Karyohexsis. Atrophy and necrosis in addition to degeneration of hepatocytes was seen.
In conclusion, Interstop has shown remarkable damaging effects on the Liver, especially when used without medical awareness and at higher doses than recommended, hence, leading to Hepatocyte abnormalities increasing organs malfunction and performance deficiency after long time of treatment.
Detection of infection by Toxoplasma and Herpes simplex virus 2 among women exposed to abortion in Ninavah province/ Iraq
Authors: Mahmood Nafi Mahmood  , Mohammed Hazem Najem
Published: April 2023

The aims of this study were to find the relationship among the infection of Toxoplasma, herpes simplex virus and abortion at different age groups. For this purpose 127 samples from healthy women were collected in period from February to September 2017 to detected of IgM and IgG for Toxoplasma and Herpes simplex virus2.
The results of the current study showed that Toxoplasmosis was the most common infection with high level of IgM antibodies 11.8%. Herpes simplex 2 virus give positive results for IgM in rate of 6.2% and none of them showed raised IgG level. HSV-II virus infected was the lowest and age group 32-40 years showed the highest rate of infection 12.5%.
Most of the patients experienced two abortions were reported at age group 25-31 years 17% and 4.2% had three abortions. 40% of the patients with Toxoplasmosis experience 2 abortion had cut off >1.25. fifty% with Herpes simplex 2 had cut off value of >1.25 experience one abortions and two abortions respectively.
Studying of rock slope stability for southeastern plunge of Bekhair anticline, North Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Rashid Aboud  , Ali Ismail Hassan
Published: April 2023

The research aims to study rock slope stability for southeastern plunge of Bekhair anticline north Iraq which formations (Bekhme, Shiranish, Kolosh) are cropped out in the area and assessment all factors affecting on stability such as discontinuities. Engineering classification according to[1] and [2], attitude of beds, slopes and friction angle of marl through studying of (4) stations represented the types of failures, occurs or probable to occur. The study shows that the slopes in the area are parallel concordant and discordant while the failures including the main modes of failures such as (Rock fall) in stations (1,3) Toppling in station (4) plane sliding probable in station (2) in addition to rock rolling which sometimes follows the above mentioned modes of failure
The role of SEM and infrared spectroscopy techniques in identification of the mineralogy of kidney stones: case study from Fallujah City, Western Iraq
Authors: Hassan A.A. Al-Jumaily  , Omar A.M. Mohammad  , Anwaar S.J. Al-Maadhidi
Published: April 2023

The current study is concerned with the mineralogical aspects of kidney stones from urolithiasis patients of different ages and genders in Fallujah city hospital. The following techniques were implemented as follows; X - ray diffraction (XRD) used to recognize the mineral components of the studied kidney stones, Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) to discover the type of chemical compounds of the studied kidney stones, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) to determine the mineralogy and the various chemical components in the kidney stones. The results show that the kidney stones are composed of five mineral groups and these are; mixed stone group, calcium oxalate, phosphate stone, uric acid, and cholesten. The cholesten has been diagnosed for the first time in Iraq, which might be linked to the diet type that includes high levels of cholesterol. Furthermore, the most common mineral group in the study area is the mixed stone which occurs in males more than females for the ages of 40 to 50 years old
study of some mechanical and thermal properties for a composite material of a polymeric basis reinforced by natural material shells
Authors: Ahmad Ghedan Ahmad  , Adnan Raad Ahmed
Published: April 2023

This study includes the possibility of using the agricultural residues shell (walnut and pistachio) as a filler in epoxy resins as an alternative to wood and plastic based ingredients. specimens of composite materials were prepared by using hand lay-up method .These specimens were represented by two groups of composite materials that consist of epoxy resin as a material matrix reinforced with walnut shell powder once, and pistachio shell powder again with different weight ratios (11%, 15% and 19%). Mechanical tests (impact, hardness, bending) and some physical tests (thermal conductivity, absorption) were carried out. All the results were done at the temperature of the lab. The results of the specimens tests prepared showed an improvement in the impact strength when adding the minutes of the pistachio shell by ratio 15% where it reached  (12.9 KJ/m2), while it saw a decrease in the  composite reinforced by walnut shell powder at the same ratio (6.3 KJ/m2), The hardness of the composites also improved at the addition ratio 19% where it reached (83.2 N/m2) in the composites reinforced by the minutes of the walnut shell and (81.9 N/m2) in the composites reinforced by minutes of pistachio shell, Bending resistance also increased to the highest value at the addition ratio 19% to (56.82 N/mm2) in the composites reinforced by the minutes of the walnut shell and (54.4 N/mm2) in the composites reinforced by the minutes of the pistachio shell..On the other hand, physical measurement showed a slight increase in the values of thermal conductivity and absorption. The results indicate that the composite material reinforced with pistachio shell powder have higher values in impact, bending and thermal conductivity tests and lower values for hardness and water absorption tests when compared with composite material reinforced with walnut shell powder.
Synthesis and Characterization of CdO Nanoparticles Prepared by Pulse Laser Deposition
Authors: Kadhim A. Aadim  , Abd-Majeed E. Ibrahim  , Raed. M. Humaidan
Published: April 2023

Thin films of cadmium oxide CdO nanoparticles were prepared on glass substrates using pulse laser deposition technique (PLD). N:YAG laser is used with different laser energies (400,500,600,700)mJ, number of shots=100, when preparing all the thin films. The structure and optical characteristics were studied for these films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that all the prepared thin films were of a polycrystalline type and that the high and dominant crystalline levels were (111) at the angle (2θ =32.986). AFM results demonstrated a grain size of deposited films increase from (50.63-85)nm with laser energy from 400 to 700mJ. Also the absorbance spectrum increases from (0.53-1.45) with increasing laser energy, while the transmittance spectrum decreases with increasing laser energy of all prepared models so that transmittance is (26.53%) at the laser deposit energy (400mJ) until it becomes (1.70%) at the laser deposit energy (700mJ) and at the wavelength (550nm), as for the energy gap it decreases with increasing laser deposit energy and ranges from (2.3-2.5)eV.
The role of Rheum ribes roots alcoholic extract in reducing the effect of oxidative stress on the reproductive system of male rats
Authors: Abdalrahim H. Eefan  , Saleh M. Rahim
Published: April 2023

The current study investigated the effect of Rheum ribes extracts alone or synergistically with zinc in the oxidative-antioxidatve status in semen of male rats exposed to oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) and compared these effects with the role of vitamin E. 40 Male rats were used aged (12-14) weeks and weighed (130_220) g and randomly divided into (8) groups, 5 animals for each as follows:
1-Control group, 2-hydrogen peroxide group (H2O2 0.5%), 3-Ethanolic root extract of Rheum root + zinc (100 mg / kg bw) + H2O2, 4-ethanolic extract of Rheum root + vitamin E (500 mg / kg),+ H2O2,5-ethanolic extract of Rheum root (500 mg / kg bw) + H2O2,6-Zinc group (100 mg / kg body weight), 7-vitamin E 500 (mg/kg body weight), 8-ethanolic extract of Rheum roots. The results showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the level of malonadialdehyde (MDA) and a significant decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, catalase enzyme (Cat), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant level in semen. The treatment of rats exposed to hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) with the extract of the roots of the Rheum showed a significant decrease in the level of malonadialdehyde compared with the group of hydrogen peroxide and a significant increase in the levels of antioxidants enzymes in semen. The use of the extract synergistically with zinc sulphate (100 mg / kg bw) and vitamin E (500 mg / kg bw) showed similar results to the control group. Current results indicate the role of the alcoholic extract of the roots of the Rheum ribes plant in reducing the effects of oxidative stress and thus improve the function of the reproductive system in male rats
The protective role of the alcoholic extract crude of the Plantago ovata plant seed compared with zinc against the toxicity of cadmium chloride on some biochemical and histological parameters in the male reproductive system of the white rat
Authors: Mohammed Shwish Saleh  , Qasim Azeez Razooqi
Published: April 2023

This study was designed to find out the protective role of the alcohol Extract crude of plantago ovata compared to zinc, on some functional and histological criteria in male rats treated with cadmium chloride. The study was conducted in the animal house of Tikrit University / College of Veterinary Medicine for 30 days, 35 male white rats were used which were randomly divided into seven groups (5 animals per group). It was observed that the treatment of rats with CdCl2 resulted in a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the SSH, ICSH and testosterone hormones compared to the control group, while the dose of rats treated with cadmium chloride with the ethanol extract of plantago ovata  seeds and the food supplement resulted in significant increases in the concentration of SSH hormones, ICSH And testosterone compared to treatment with cadmium chloride, Likewise, when healthy rats are dosed with the ethanol extract of plantago ovata seeds and zinc, we notice a significant increase in SSH, ICSH, and testosterone compared to control. The study showed that the treatment of rats with cadmium chloride and that a clear negative tissue change in the testes was represented by the destruction of the basal membrane of the seminal tubules and a small number of sperm cells, The dose of rats treated with CdCl2 with extract and zinc resulted in a clear histological improvement.
The effects of vitamin D in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Najwa Abdulla Mohammed  , Ammar  Lateef  Hussein  , Atheer Rashed Atia
Published: April 2023

The common endocrine disorder in women is that Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) specially in reproductive age. The study included 60 women suffer from the PCOS attending the  obstetrics and gynecology unit in Kirkuk General Hospital, ages ranged from 18 to 42 years old. Also, the study included 30 non PCOS women as a control group. To assess the effect of Vitamin D in women suffering from  polycystic ovarian syndrome. Serum Vitamin D was evaluated using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The study reported that 58.3% of PCOS women enrolled in this study were within the age group 16- 25 year. The study reported that the BMI of PCOS women was (mean 30.98 ± 4.02) Kg/cm2, whereas (22.77±2.52) Kg/cm2 of the control group (P: 0.0004). A significant difference recorded in the study in the Vitamin D levels in Polycystic overian syndrom women compared to the healthy group (mean 18.69±5.11 25.99±5.70).
A study of mineralized water using geophysical and hydrogeochemical approaches in Khwelen salt ponds, Sangaw, Sulaymaniyah, NE of Iraq
Authors: Diary Ali Mohammed Al-Manmi  , Bakhtiar Qadir Aziz  , Azad Taher Kareem  , Halo Abdullah Othman  , Sarkhel Hawre Mohammed  , Hawbir Ata Karim  , Assad Ibrahim Mustafa  , Hemin Fareq Muhammed
Published: April 2023

Groundwater is the main source of Khwelen village for domestic and household purposes, furthermore for salt production via salt evaporation ponds. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and hydrogeochemical approaches are used to understand the regime and distribution patterns of different types of mineralized water flowing through several springs and wells in a restricted area does not exceed 0.14 Km2. The high salty one using for producing salt for more than hundreds of years and the sulfurous one that has bad odder. The area is covered by Fatha Formation which has four types of depositional cycles, two of them are considered as impermeable layers they are claystone and marlstone, the others are Limestone and Gypsum layers that characterized by highly fractured and caverns. The inverse sections of the resistivity imaging showing the occurrence of 22 caves of different sizes and at different depths. They are classified into two groups, 10 cavities detected in the Gypsum layers showing high resistivity ranging from 350 Ohm.m to 1200 Ohm.m, they are most probably making the underground paths of the sulfurous groundwater. The second group is 12 cavities appear in the limestone layers of the Fatha Formation and they are showing very low resistivity ranging from 0.4 Ohm.m to 4 Ohm.m and forming excellent paths of the high salty underground water. ERT shows high applicability for finding the boundary between the saline and sulfurous mineralized water.
The groundwater chemistry is controlled by many overriding factors which are: dissolution, mineral precipitation, cation exchange, and salinization, besides the effects of localized topography, mixing, and geology. These processes are proved from the results of ionic concentrations, saturation indices, HFE diagram, and oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Ground and Tap Water of Chamchamal City - Sulaymaniyah Governorate / Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Hassan A.A. Al-Jumaily  , Omar A.M. Mohammad  , Bushra R. Rasheed
Published: April 2023

This study focused to determine the heavy metals (i.e. arsenic, copper, chromium, cadmium, cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead and zinc) content in ground and tap water, and their health impacts in Chamchamal city, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, north-eastern Iraq. Twenty five samples were collected (i.e. thirteen groundwater and twelve tab water samples).  The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technology (ICP-MS), was used to measure the contents of those metals.
The Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) values of some ground and tap waters in the northern part of the study area are moderately polluted. Whereas, far north east of the studied area registered (highly polluted) with heavy metals which could be related to the industrial activities and filtration of these heavy metals from soil to water. Moreover, this study shows that there is no carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals in the studied area. The hazard index (HI) values of the ground and tap water samples in Chamchamal city appears to be less than one for all heavy metals in adults and children. The carcinogenic risk (CR) for arsenic, chromium and lead within the ground and the tap water are within the acceptable range for both adults and children.
Use of the Ne-213 Organic Scintillator for the Reducti on of Compton Distribution from Gamma-Ray Spectra
Authors: Mahmoud A.Elawi  , Saad N. Yaqoub  , Fadi H. Khidhr
Published: April 2023

A method of reducing the Compton distribution from gamma-ray spectra recorded by Nal(Tl) detector using the NE-213 organic scintillator is presented. The similarity of the Compton distributions between both detectors may allow subtracting the NE-213 spectrum from the Nal(Tl) spectrum after making certain calibrations in energy, resolution and count rate at the Compton peak. The method is applied by using the ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co gamma-ray   standard sources. The "photopeak" spectra obtained showed that the Compton distribution may be highly reduced and the photopeaks are very well isolated
Studying The Characteristic Parameters and External Freedom Degree of Polyethylene in different Molecular Weights By Hole Theory
Authors: Shanay Rajab Hasan  , Saygin M. Nuri
Published: April 2023

The external degree of freedom of linear and branched molecules of polymers played an important role in new polymer synthesis. The theory Simha-Somcynsky (SS) which established for the first time the statistical thermodynamics and polymers state of equation, using the mean field theory )that does not depend on the structural of materials). Expressed through the zeroth-order mean field theory through the hole vaccume cells as a measure of irregularity in the lattice. The (SS) theory has achieved quantitative success in statistical thermodynamics of polymers.  The SS theory has been applied to extract the external degrees of freedom for polyethylene at different molecular weights. The external degree of freedom is very important parameter to specify the thermodynaics characteristic parameters. Applying SS hole theory, the thermodynamic properties of polyethylene was studied for temperature from 353K up to 473 and pressure from o.1Mpa up to150 Mpa. The minimum and maximum deviations in specific volume was found to be  0.045 (PE2100) and 1.138 (PE156) respectively..
Structure and Vibrational study of Entrance Channel of Monomer C2H2+ Cl via ab initio calculation
Authors: Media Ismael Sulaiman
Published: April 2023

Theoretical calculations are reported to predict the geometrical structures and IR vibrational frequencies of entrance channel of C2H2+Cl interaction in the ground state. The calculations are performed via Ab initio calculations at perturbation theory (MP2) with Dunning correction-consistent basis set (aug-cc-pVDZ). The results show that attaching acetylene molecule with radical chlorine via van der Walls bonds has two equilibrium structures. These structures have IR active of harmonic vibrational frequencies. In one of these structures; Cl atom bonded to a particular H atom which has a single IR active of C-H asymmetric stretching vibration at 3428 cm-1. The other structure, in which Cl atom attached to both of H atoms (T- shape), predicted harmonic vibration at 3424 cm-1 for asymmetric C-H stretch. The rear geometrical structure is lower minimum energy than the former one by 11.78 KJ/mol. Finally, the barrier for the interconversion from one minimum to the other is also computed in this study.
On stability Conditions of Pareto Autoregressive model
Authors: Osama A. Hamdi  , Azher A. Mohammad  , Mundher A. Khaleel
Published: April 2023

This paper concerned with studding a stability conditions of the proposed non-linear  autoregressive time series model Known as Pareto Autoregressive model, acronym is defined by Pareto . A dynamical method Known as local linearization approximation method was used to obtain the stability condition of a non-zero singular point of Pareto  model. In addition, we obtain the orbital stability condition of a limit cycle in terms of model parameters when the Pareto  possesses a limit cycle with period  .
Finding Minimum and Maximum Values of Variables in Mathematical Equations by Applying Firefly and PSO Algorithm
Authors: Rouwayda Nadhim Salih  , Marwa Adeeb Al-jawaherry
Published: April 2023

Computers are often used when problems are big or hard to solve. However, traditional ways to find solutions are not enough when problems are very serious. Hence, turning to nature may be the answer to find solutions for these problems. Artificial intelligence tries to simulate creatures and activities in nature turning their techniques to find solutions for a given problem into an algorithm. Although there are many algorithms have been developed, whose works are inspired by nature, there has been continuous researches aimed at finding better and faster algorithms. Many mathematical optimization problems can be solved by Swarm intelligence algorithms. The aim of this algorithm is to get the optimum solution by repeated searches whose main concern is to discover the area related to solution. In this paper, Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm are executed. The two algorithms are implemented to find the minimum and maximum values of the mathematical equations. Users of the proposed system are able to read the equation directly through the execution time, by displaying and analyzing the obtained results which show that the FA algorithm has a better performance than PSO algorithm. In addition, the program is executed by MATLAB.
Estimation the Variogram Function Indicator which represent the Transmissivity Coefficient in the groundwater
Authors: Seerwan Sulieman Noon
Published: April 2023

The problem tackled in this paper is the estimation of variogram function Indicator of spatial stochastic process for the Levels of groundwater, by the method of weighted Least squares. This methods is well known in regression analysis in estimating the coefficient of ression model. After defining the indicator variable the parameters of Indicator variogram estimated based on mean squares error. The final formula of weighted least squares estimator can be not be solved exactly, then through the use of iterative Newten - Raphson algorithm and for some iterations the convergence of solution is obtained with certain termination criterion or number of repeats (that used in this paper).
Determination of Inhibition Activity for Arak and Cloves Against Aerobic Bacterial Isolates from Patients of Dental Caries and Gingivitis
Authors: Abdul-Rahman Jarjees Younis1  , Mahmood Khalaf Saleh
Published: April 2023

One hundred and nine samples were collected from General Hospital and some outpatient dental clinics in Al-Shirqat city through the period from 10/10/2018 to 20/3/2019 to determine the bacterial species causing dental caries and gingivitis by culturing on culture media, it was diagnosed phenotypically and biochemically as well as modern methods using Vitek-2 compact system technique. The species isolated as were: Staphylococcus epidermidis (51.37%), Streptococcus mutans (19.26%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.84%), Lactobacillus acidophilus (7.33%), Escherichia coli (5.50%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (3.66%). The sensitivity of isolates was tested for fourteen antibiotics. The plant extracts were more effective than antibiotics, especially at 100 mg / ml. Not all isolates were affected by 10 mg / ml.
The effect of Trichomnas Muris parasite on some blood standards in mice.
Authors: Azhar abbas Ashour
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted in College of Science, University of Mosul, it aims to identify the intestinal parasites that affect  mice and their effect, this was done by collecting 37 mice, 22 of which were used as a control group, when a microscopic examination of the contents of the intestines of these animals is observed the presence of parasites Triohomonas Muris, during the period 2l10l2019 to 20l1l2020.
The number of mice infected with one parasite was 12 mice infected with two parasites was nine, while the rest were free of intestinal parasites.
With regard to the effect of these parasites on their hosts, an intestinal decrease was observed in the value of both haemoglobin and the volume of compressed blood cells in each of the infected mice compared to the controlled group. The infection, especially the double effect in the mice, caused an significant increase on the total number of white blood cells and an increase in the number of neutrophils and eosinophils and a significant decrease in numbers of lymphocytes cells at p>o.05
The effect of Some hepatic worms on adult sheep liver
Authors: Balqees Mohamed sulieman  , Idrees khalaf Thamer  , Omaima Ibrahim Mahmood
Published: April 2023

The current experiment previous from beginning of September 2019 until March 2020 and a It  checkup 165 liver tissue of adult sheep from both sexes slaughtered in slaughterhouses and butchers' stores in Salahuddin Governorat.
Since the liver is one of the important organs where most of the body's metabolism activities occur in it, as it performs the metabolism of protein, metabolism of fats and the formation of bile, and the liver works to reduce toxic substances entering the body and plays a role in the immune response of the body so diseases that Liver disease affects animals directly [1].
The results are shown through macroscopic and histological examinations in the examined livers, presence of both acute and chronic phases. Where the chronic phase was the dominant, and showed infiltration of the inflammatory cells represented by lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma and eosinophils, as well as many necrotic foci, characterized by proliferation of fibrous tissue and thickening and expansion of the bile ducts compared to liver. The natural non-infection liver without fasciola hepatica whose cells are in form of polygonal rows in a radial order and each hepatic cell has a dark colored
Physiological and histological effect of Captopril on kidney and the protective role of Brassica nigra seed extract in male rats
Authors: Noor Mukhlis Hamid Al-Qady  , Rashid Khamis Shaban
Published: April 2023

The experiment was designed to determine the protective role of Brassica nigra seed extract on Kidney function and tissue against the negative effects induced by the drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50).
In this experiment, 30 animals (Rats male) were used. Kidney efficiency was measured by measuring The level of urea and creatinine and level of Glutathion (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in kidney tissue, as well as studying the histological effects of the drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50). against ،Kidney tissue and the protective role of Brassica nigra seed extract . The results showed that the treatment of animals with drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50) at a dose of 1.9 and 3.8 mg / kg bw for 30 days led to a significant increase in The level of urea, creatinine, (MDA), (SOD) and decrease in The level of (GSH).
The treatment of animals with drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50) has shown Effected on kidney tissues cases the infiltration and inflammatory of inflammatory cells between the urinary tubules, the presence of hemorrhage within the kidney tissue and the renal glomeruli, and cellular degeneration of some cells of the urinary tubules. Brassica nigra seed extract improves most of the negative effects caused by drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50).
The aim of this study is to investigate the negative effects of captopril on kidney tissues, and to identify the protective role of Brassica nigra seed extract against the negative effected of captopril on some biochemical and histological parameters.
The conclusion from this study is that the drug Captopril showed an effected on the kidneys of the experimental animals, represented by the emergence of tissue lesions in the organ tissues, and through the results of the results, the protective effected of Brassica nigra seed extract against the effects of captopril was identified.
A bacteriological and histopathological study of sheep pneumonia in Salah Aldeen Governorate
Authors: Noor W. AL-Yousif  , Nihad Abdul-Hussain Jafar  , Bader Khatlan Hameed
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to isolate and diagnose the bacterial pathogens that causes pneumonia in sheep, study the biochemical and histopathological changes in lung tissue of infected animals and determining the most effective types of antibiotics for treating sheep diseased with pneumonia. 150 samples (50 nasal swabs, 50 tracheal samples, 50 lungs samples from slaughtered sheep) were collected randomly from different areas of Salah Aldeen governorate during the period (September 2019 till January 2020) .
The results showed that no significant differences in the values between positive and negative results from nasal, tracheal and infected lungs at a probability level  P< 0.05. And showed that Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella  pneumonia are two main bacterial causes of pneumonia in sheep .
In macroscopic examination the prominent lesion in most lung samples was congestion and presence of emphysema with an expansion of  the bronchitis and  found that the most common type of pneumonia infection is broncho pneumonia.
All the isolated bacterial species; however, show sensitivity to the antibiotics chloramphenicol and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole except Pasteurella Spp., that it shows resistance to trimethoprim+ sulfamethoxazole.
The protective effect of common fig (Ficus carica L.) leaves extract on testes of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) against paracetamol (Acetaminophen) drug.
Authors: Noori Taha Alkhafaji  , Waad Sabri Shaher
Published: April 2023

Aim :This  study to investigate the protective effect of Ficus carica leaves extract against the effect of paracetamol.
Material and methods:In the present study used (40) male rats (Rattus norvegicus) (2.5-3) months old, weighting (200-250)g were randomly divided into (4) groups of (10 rats/group). The first group (control group), the second group (paracetamol group), the third group (Fc leaves extract group), the fourth group (Fc leaves extract + paracetamol group) . the first group were given (0.5 ml) distilled water, the second group were given paracetamol with dosage (1000 mg/kg) , the third group were given alcoholic extract of F. carica leaves by dosage (250 mg /kg ), the fourth group were given paracetamol by dosage (1000 mg /kg) and after two hours given (250 mg /kg) alcoholic extract of F. carica leaves, all groups were treated  with doses between day and another for six weeks.
Results:The results  of the present study showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) to  the relative weight of the testicles , the head and tail  of  the epididymis, the seminal vesicles of male rats in the paracetamol group compared with the control group and Fc leaves extract group, while showed treated by alcoholic extract of F. carica leaves after paracetamol an improvement in  the relative weight of the testicles , the head and tail of  the epididymis , the seminal vesicles in Fc leaves extract group and Fc leaves extract + paracetamol compared with  paracetmol and control group. For the histopathological study showed occurrence histopathological changes of paracetamol drug , represented as complete stop of spermatogenesis, atrophy and hypoplasia of leydig cells, congestion of blood vessels, pyknosis of nucleus of primary spermatogonia, hemorrhage between seminferous tubules, tunca albugenia and exfoliation of seminferous tubules as cellular debris.
Conclusions: The paracetamol led to pathological changes in the tissues of male rat testes. It was represented by a complete cessation of spermatogenesis and a loss of the developmental stages of this process,while The alcoholic extract of  F. carica leaves had protective effect against the influence of paracetamol.
Determination of IFN -γ and TNF -α levels in serum of patients with Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Huda M. Taher  , Shihab A. Mohammed  , Ayhan R. Mahmood
Published: April 2023

Cutaneous leishmaniasis, is common parasitic disease in Iraq, it is caused by unicellular protozoa that belong to the genus Leishmania which infecting human macrophages, and  it is induce human humoral and cellular immune responses. Many cytokines are excreted during this response, however IFN -γ and TNF -α  are the most important factors in the inception of immunity against leishmania spp. The present study aimed to estimate the serum level of TNF-α and IFN-Ƴ in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of 62 patients with CL lesion the infection rate was higher in males 36 (58%) than females 26 (42%), also the highest infection rate 29 (46.8%) was in age group (less than 1 -10years), and the lowest infection rate 18 (2.4%) was in the age group (51-60). Blood samples collected from 62 patients with CL and 27 healthy individual. The results showed that the level of serum IFN-Y (38.23 pg/mL) in patients with CL was significantly higher than control group (21.98 pg/mL). As well as the results indicated a significantly increase in the  levels of  TNF-α in patients serum with CL (46.53 pg / mL) than control group (23 pg / ml).
Transport Modeling and Leaching Kinetics in Groundwater of Shiwashok Oil field, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Azad Taher Kareem  , Rawaz Rostam Hamadamin  , Omed Mustafa  , Hawber Ata Karim  , Mamoon Qadir Salih
Published: April 2023

Groundwater is one of the most important sources of water supply. Drinking safe water is vital for the health and well being of the community. To do this research, eight groundwater samples were collected from different sampling stations during the three sampling periods (January, May and July). The detected predominant cations are calcium and magnesium along with sulfate from the anions in most of the samples. Mean total dissolved solid of Darbasar Bchuk shows exceptionally high concentration levels compared to the other sampling sites, which is equal to 1193.3 mg/L. Due to concerns about the effects of oil production activities on groundwater quality in Shiwashok oil field, a one-dimensional transport modeling was simulated. The simulated data shows that the contaminants that reach the water wells have a high concentration compared to the detected concentrations of the contaminants in the wells. More time scale is required for the contaminant to reach the steady state or decrease to be lower than the permissible level. The O2 and NO3- reduction rates are slow as compared with the downward rate of water transport. CEC and organic matter in the groundwater are the main factors that govern the fate of transport of the contaminants.