bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epistemic Reciprocity Through a Decolonial Crip Literacy in Accommodated Language Education for Adults
Authors: Hedman Christina , Adams Lyngbäck Liz , Paul Enni , Rosén Jenny
Published: April 2024

This linguistic ethnography was conducted in accommodated language education in Sweden, aimed at adult learners with deafness, hearing impairment, post-traumatic stress disorder, migration stress, or intellectual disability, here, focusing on the latter group, who attended Swedish language learning courses. We empirically investigate a decolonial crip literacy, by connecting language education to epistemic reciprocity. The decolonial lens is understood with regard to the marginalized and dis-abled body, under-represented in Applied Linguistics. More specifically, we focus on teacher positionality and ethical stance-taking among three of the teachers, to contribute an in-depth and situated account of a decolonial crip literacy, as counteracts of ableism and linguicism, and an orientation toward epistemic justice. Based on our linguistic ethnographic data, we suggest that the decolonial crip literacy project engages with disability-as-difference, positioning the dis-abled body as knower, via epistemic reciprocity, which is communicated through a multiplicity of communicative resources, materialities, and creativity. The paper contributes both to the theorizing of injustice in language education and to alternatives in pedagogical practice.
9-point Injection Technique for Lip Augmentation and Lip Corner Lifting Using Sonographic Imaging of the Labial Artery Pathway
Authors: Kim Jong Seo
Published: April 2024

Background

As lip enhancement with fillers has grown in popularity, practitioners have sought to identify injection methods that achieve aesthetically pleasing results while avoiding adverse events such as arterial injury due to intravascular injection.

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to establish a safe injection technique for creating appealing, proportionate, and aesthetically pleasing lips while elevating the lip corners with filler.

Methods

Before injection, the locations of the superior and inferior labial arteries were established by sonography and a 9-point injection technique (9-PIT) was devised to reliably achieve fashionable lips. Particle hyaluronic acid filler was administered to 50 patients by the 9-PIT and these patients were monitored for 3 months. The extent of lip corner elevation and the angle of lip corners were quantified by 3-dimensional analysis, while changes in the length and curvature along the upper peristomal lines were evaluated after 1 week.

Results

The superior and inferior labial arteries originated from the deep lateral aspect of the lip and gradually traversed toward the midline in the superficial layer. Superficial arterial branches were identified in the submucosal layer near the midline. All patients expressed satisfaction with the lip shaping and corner elevation, without any adverse effects or vascular complications. The angle of lip corners decreased by 8.80%, and lip corners were lifted by 1.02 mm. The upper lip exhibited a more pronounced S-shape, with the upper lip line being elongated by 6.5%. This accentuated S-shape contributed to the appearance of lifted lip corners.

Conclusions

The 9-PIT facilitated safe and aesthetically pleasing lip volumization with corner elevation in a consistent manner, while elucidating vascular pathways. Lip corner elevation was achieved solely using HA filler.

Level of Evidence: 3
Evaluation of a Combination Approach to Improving Muscle Tone and Decreasing Subcutaneous Tissue Thickness Using a Sequential, Dual-Modality, Energy-Based Device
Authors: Rothaus Kenneth , Brown Courtney
Published: April 2024

Background

The body shaping market has long been at the forefront of the aesthetic industry. With technological advances, patient demand for body sculpting in terms of reduction in subcutaneous tissue and enhancement of muscle has seen continual growth. Several devices have emerged in the space; however, few achieve both subcutaneous tissue reduction (SQR) and voluntary muscle increase (VMI) as measured by thickness, during the same treatment session.

Objectives

This article presents the results of a pilot study on a unique approach to subcutaneous tissue reduction and increasing muscle thickness using a dual-modality, energy-based device.

Methods

Twelve compliant patients (8 females and 4 males with an average age of 40 years) were enrolled in this single center, prospective study. All patients were treated with the dual-modality device (850 nm superluminescent diode matrix and electrical muscle stimulation), with external applicators being placed over the lower abdomen. The patients received 5 weekly treatments. Ultrasound measurements, photographs, weight, and waist measurements were taken at baseline, prior to the start of the fifth treatment, and at the 2-week and 2-month follow-up visits.

Results

At the 2-month follow-up visit, the average SQR was 34.03% and the VMI measured 22.97% in all patients who completed the study. All patient and physician evaluations rated the results as satisfactory or better. There were no complications.

Conclusions

Preliminary data show this dual-modality, electrical muscle stimulation/superluminescent diode matrix system provides both a safe and effective treatment for the reduction of subcutaneous tissue thickness and an increase in muscle definition and thickness. Objective and subjective evaluations demonstrated high levels of efficacy and satisfaction in all patients.

Level of Evidence: 2
BayesKAT: bayesian optimal kernel-based test for genetic association studies reveals joint genetic effects in complex diseases
Authors: Das Adhikari Sikta , Cui Yuehua , Wang Jianrong
Published: April 2024

Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) methods have identified individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with specific phenotypes. Nonetheless, many complex diseases are polygenic and are controlled by multiple genetic variants that are usually non-linearly dependent. These genetic variants are marginally less effective and remain undetected in GWAS analysis. Kernel-based tests (KBT), which evaluate the joint effect of a group of genetic variants, are therefore critical for complex disease analysis. However, choosing different kernel functions in KBT can significantly influence the type I error control and power, and selecting the optimal kernel remains a statistically challenging task. A few existing methods suffer from inflated type 1 errors, limited scalability, inferior power or issues of ambiguous conclusions. Here, we present a new Bayesian framework, BayesKAT (https://github.com/wangjr03/BayesKAT), which overcomes these kernel specification issues by selecting the optimal composite kernel adaptively from the data while testing genetic associations simultaneously. Furthermore, BayesKAT implements a scalable computational strategy to boost its applicability, especially for high-dimensional cases where other methods become less effective. Based on a series of performance comparisons using both simulated and real large-scale genetics data, BayesKAT outperforms the available methods in detecting complex group-level associations and controlling type I errors simultaneously. Applied on a variety of groups of functionally related genetic variants based on biological pathways, co-expression gene modules and protein complexes, BayesKAT deciphers the complex genetic basis and provides mechanistic insights into human diseases.
Orange ornamentation increases sex-specific conspicuousness of juvenile males to conspecifics and predators
Authors: Agan Jaina , Macedonia Joseph M , Grindstaff Jennifer L , Fox Stanley F
Published: April 2024

Many animal species have evolved striking colour patterns that attract the opposite sex and intimidate rivals. Although conspicuous coloration is usually restricted to adults in the context of reproduction, this is not always the case. Juvenile collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) are sexually dichromatic, wherein males exhibit ‘dorsolateral bars’ that are bright orange and showy, whereas females are light tan and inconspicuous. Given that adult male collared lizards suffer increased predation because of bright adult coloration, we hypothesized that juvenile males might also be more detectable to predators owing to the conspicuousness of their dorsolateral bars. To test this hypothesis, we measured the reflectance of the dorsolateral bars, non-bar background body regions, and the rocky habitat in which the lizards live. We modelled the vision of our study species and its dominant predators to quantify and compare statistically the contrasts of male and female dorsolateral bars against the natural rock background. We also calculated lizard survivorship over a 4 year study period. We found that male orange bars exhibited significantly higher chromatic contrast, but significantly lower achromatic contrast, than female bars when perceived through all visual models. However, the dorsolateral background colour of juvenile males and females did not differ significantly in chromatic or achromatic contrast from rocks in any visual model. Female lizards survived better than male lizards to the yearling (reproductive) stage. Our findings indicate that juvenile male bars are conspicuous both to conspecifics and to predators and that the bars probably increase predation on juvenile males.
Exponential family measurement error models for single-cell CRISPR screens
Authors: Barry Timothy , Roeder Kathryn , Katsevich Eugene
Published: April 2024

CRISPR genome engineering and single-cell RNA sequencing have accelerated biological discovery. Single-cell CRISPR screens unite these two technologies, linking genetic perturbations in individual cells to changes in gene expression and illuminating regulatory networks underlying diseases. Despite their promise, single-cell CRISPR screens present considerable statistical challenges. We demonstrate through theoretical and real data analyses that a standard method for estimation and inference in single-cell CRISPR screens—“thresholded regression”—exhibits attenuation bias and a bias-variance tradeoff as a function of an intrinsic, challenging-to-select tuning parameter. To overcome these difficulties, we introduce GLM-EIV (“GLM-based errors-in-variables”), a new method for single-cell CRISPR screen analysis. GLM-EIV extends the classical errors-in-variables model to responses and noisy predictors that are exponential family-distributed and potentially impacted by the same set of confounding variables. We develop a computational infrastructure to deploy GLM-EIV across hundreds of processors on clouds (e.g. Microsoft Azure) and high-performance clusters. Leveraging this infrastructure, we apply GLM-EIV to analyze two recent, large-scale, single-cell CRISPR screen datasets, yielding several new insights.
Molecular variation and phylogeography within European Isothecium alopecuroides and Pseudisothecium myosuroides (Bryophyta, Lembophyllaceae)
Authors: Draper Isabel , Hedenäs Lars
Published: April 2024

Earlier studies on Isothecium s.l. suggested potential interchange of genetic material between species that are nowadays known to belong to separate genera. In this study, we analyse the variation in three molecular markers (nuclear gpd; mitochondrial nad5; and plastid trnG) in a wide selection of Isothecium alopecuroides and Pseudisothecium myosuroides specimens to infer whether this potential exchange of genetic material is frequent. In addition, we explore the phylogeographic structure of these two species in Europe. Our results seem to show repeated genetic interchange for the nuclear and mitochondrial markers in both species, suggesting intergeneric hybridization, although horizontal gene transfer and/or incomplete lineage sorting could also explain the detected incongruences. The genetic lineages found indicate a complex biogeographical history for I. alopecuroides, including both post-glacial immigration from different glacial refugia and developing haplotypes potentially adapted to cold climates. As for P. myosuroides, genetic variants could either indicate a post-glacial immigration history or adaptation to oceanic conditions. Further studies including a larger set of more variable molecular markers could help to reach final conclusions on the results here presented.
An integrated framework for assessing renewable-energy supply chains using multicriteria decision-making: a study on Bangladesh
Authors: Azad A M Almas Shahriyar , Oishi Zarin Tasnim , Haque Md Ariful , Das Pronob , Udoy Sabbir Ahmed , Bhuiya Khaled Mohammad Shifullah
Published: April 2024

The depletion in non-renewable energy sources and a fast-growing population in Bangladesh are exacerbating the already existing energy scarcity, highlighting the need for an efficient and robust renewable-energy supply chain. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the most optimized renewable-energy supply chain based on natural resource availability and government policies of Bangladesh. In the present study, four renewable energy resources, including solar, biomass, wind and hydropower, are studied and nine subcriteria are defined under four primary criteria for each supply chain. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) are multicriteria decision-making approaches used in this study to compare and choose the best renewable-energy supply chain. The relative significance of four supply-chain criteria for primary renewable energy in this study, namely energy procurement, production, operations and maintenance costs, and social and environmental impact, is gathered via a survey. The results of this research, supported by a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, indicate that hydropower is the best renewable-energy supply chain, followed by wind as a compromise solution, biomass and solar. The study also demonstrates that no energy source can satisfy all supply-chain criteria alone; each resource is better for a specific criterion—solar is better for procurement, hydropower is significant for production and wind is remarkable for operations and social impact. Therefore, to maximize output, renewable energy sources must be integrated. From Bangladesh’s perspective, for the first time, by using TOPSIS and VIKOR together, this study offers significant insights to establish an efficient and sustainable renewable-energy supply chain for practitioners, academics and policymakers.
Assessment of energy consumption, environmental effects and fuel costs of the bus rapid transit system in Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Pérez Jhon Jairo , Correa Luis Hernando , Østergaard Poul Alberg , Cabrera Pedro
Published: April 2024

Colombia aims to boost the utilization of mass transportation systems in its major cities while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20%, in alignment with the commitments of the COP21 agreement. In 2020, the transport sector in Colombia accounted for 34.4% of the country’s energy demand and was responsible for ~49% of its total CO2 emissions. This article presents an assessment of energy consumption, environmental effects and the fuel costs of Bogotá’s bus rapid transit system based on the Activity, Share, Intensity, Fuel methodology. A long-term analysis spanning from 2021 to 2040 was developed using the long-range energy alternatives planning platform. To conduct this assessment, the tool was calibrated using data from 2019 and 2020. Four distinct scenarios based on energy policies implemented in Bogotá were examined: Business as Usual, Fast Transition, High Growth and Low Growth. Regarding energy consumption and environmental effects, the results underscore the pivotal role of diversifying energy sources and reducing reliance on fossil fuels such as oil. Consequently, the analysis emphasizes the urgent need to accelerate the transition to alternative energy sources such as natural gas and electricity.
Genetic analysis of different subtypes of aseptic pustulosis in the Chinese population
Authors: Chen Jing , Xue Xiaotong , Wang Zhenzhen , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen
Published: April 2024

Aseptic pustulosis involves inflammatory skin conditions with nonbacterial pustules on erythema, accompanied by neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration in the epidermis. Dysregulation of the interleukin (IL)-36 pathway leads to neutrophil aggregation and pustule formation. Variants in IL36RN, CARD14, AP1S3, MPO, SERPINA3 and BTN3A3 have been identified in generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) in the past. Some patients with acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH), palmoplantar pustulosis and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) also exhibit mutations in IL36RN, CARD14 and AP1S3, albeit with regional and population-specific variations. This study aims to explore a shared genetic foundation among those with aseptic pustulosis. We performed Sanger sequencing on six genes in 126 patients with aseptic pustulosis. Genetic analysis identified IL36RN variants strongly associated with ACH, AGEP and subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SPD). Immunohistochemistry revealed elevated inflammatory cytokines in all subtypes. This study establishes a significant association between IL36RN variants and ACH, AGEP and SPD, emphasizing the IL-1/IL-36–chemokine–neutrophil axis as a common pathogenic mechanism. Targeting this axis holds promise for therapeutic interventions for aseptic pustulosis.
Compatibility of transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator and vagus nerve stimulation device: a case report
Authors: Thaitirarot Chokanan , Sze Shirley , Hodson Tim , Pathmanathan Ravi , Dhutia Harshil
Published: April 2024

Background

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy and depression. While VNS co-existence with cardiac pacemakers is considered safe, its interaction with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) remains poorly understood. The concern revolves around the potential for VNS stimulation to interfere with ICD function, potentially resulting in inappropriate therapy or changes in cardiac pacing.

Case summary

We present the case of a 50-year-old woman with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent VNS device implantation and subsequent transvenous ICD placement for primary prevention post-myocardial infarction. These devices were thoughtfully situated contralaterally, with a minimum 10 cm separation. Comprehensive testing and follow-up demonstrated no interactions during device programming or serial assessments. Simultaneous interrogation of both devices with their respective telemetry wands caused chaotic artefacts in all channels on the ICD, likely due to electromagnetic interference. Importantly, this interference did not affect ICD sensing.

Discussion

The co-existence of VNS and ICD in a patient is an emerging scenario with limited previous reports, yet our findings align with prior cases involving VNS and pacemakers. Emphasizing the need for optimal device separation and meticulous evaluation, particularly at maximum VNS output and ICD sensitivity settings, ensures their safe and feasible co-existence. As the use of VNS alongside cardiac implantable electronic devices becomes more common, a diligent evaluation for potential interactions is imperative. Our case highlights the successful co-existence of VNS and ICD, underscoring the importance of careful monitoring and evaluation to guarantee the safe utilization of these two devices.
Transcatheter mitral valve repair for a patient with double inferior vena cava: case report
Authors: Kato Riku , Hosoba Soh , Kuroda Masayuki , Yasuda Kenichiro
Published: April 2024

Background

A transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) is disseminating gradually as a treatment for primary and secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with high surgical risk. In performing TEER, securing a safe access route is crucial. We report a case with a challenging access route due to the presence of a double inferior vena cava (IVC) and the patient’s small body habitus.

Case summary

An 84-year-old female presented with congestive heart failure due to severe MR. Despite receiving optimal medical therapy, her symptoms did not improve significantly. Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair was deemed challenging due to her extremely small body habitus [height: 131 cm; body surface area: 1.17 m2] and the presence of double IVC. However, considering her inoperable risk for surgical repair, she underwent TEER after a multidisciplinary heart team discussion. The steering guide catheter (SGC) encountered resistance, but gradual advancement and use of a bougie with a large bore sheath dilator successfully delivered the SGC to the right atrium. Following the TEER, there was a significant improvement in the symptoms.

Discussion

Extremely small venous system in a small patient with double IVC presented a unique technical hurdle. Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair is potentially feasible even in such a patient by cautiously applying the technique described.
A case report of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension after nivolumab, an IgG4 anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Lei Yuanli , Wang Weijia
Published: April 2024

Background

Pulmonary hypertension has been increasingly reported in association with immunotherapy, but generally lacking invasive haemodynamic confirmation in literature. We present the first case of pulmonary arterial hypertension following nivolumab confirmed with invasive haemodynamic measurements.

Case summary

A 65-year-old male with gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma developed progressive dyspnoea with exertion, decreasing exercise tolerance after receiving nivolumab for seven months. He was admitted with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure after syncope at home. The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with pre-capillary aetiology with right heart catheterization (RHC): mean pulmonary artery pressure 49 mmHg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 7 mmHg, and cardiac index 1.3 L/min/m2. Based on serial echocardiograms, the development of PAH appeared to be associated with nivolumab. The patient died of cardiac arrest 3 days after admission.

Discussion

Progressive unexplained dyspnoea after receiving programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibody should prompt clinicians to consider PAH and RHC.
May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Argentina
Authors: Barochiner Jessica , Vázquez Fortunato García , Becerra Pedro , Rojas Cristina , Pesenti Ricardo , Mazzei Noemi A , Kalbermatter Arnoldo , Fuentes Analía , Fita Mariana , Márquez Diego , Ruise Mauro , Beaney Thomas , Janssen-Telders Carolina , Poulter Neil R , Marín Marcos J
Published: April 2024

Hypertension continues to be the leading cause of death and disability in the industrialized world, with a high level of unawareness and unacceptably poor control rates. Therefore, the Argentinian Society of Hypertension, in association with the May Measurement Month (MMM) charity, implemented an awareness campaign during May 2021. A voluntary cross-sectional survey was carried out during the month of May 2021 in public spaces and health centres across 29 cities in Argentina. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg based on the mean of the second and third of three BP measurements or in those volunteers on treatment for high BP. Statistical analysis including multiple imputation followed the MMM protocol. A total of 26 070 individuals (average age 53.4 years, 14 816 women and 11 254 men) were evaluated. The age- and sex-standardized mean BP was 125.1/77.6 mmHg. Of all participants, 54.4% had hypertension. Although 79.8% of the hypertensive participants were aware of their condition and 76.9% were on antihypertensive treatment, only 42.5% of all individuals with hypertension had their BP controlled (<140/90 mmHg). Of those on antihypertensive medication, 55.3% were controlled. The low level of hypertension control highlights the critical need for community-based prevention strategies to increase the awareness and control of hypertension, thereby reducing the enormous health burden attributed to this condition.
Native freshwater lake microbial community response to an in situ experimental dilbit spill
Authors: Kharey Gurpreet S , Palace Vince , Whyte Lyle , Greer Charles W
Published: April 2024

With the increase in crude oil transport throughout Canada, the potential for spills into freshwater ecosystems has increased and additional research is needed in these sensitive environments. Large enclosures erected in a lake were used as mesocosms for this controlled experimental dilbit (diluted bitumen) spill under ambient environmental conditions. The microbial response to dilbit, the efficacy of standard remediation protocols on different shoreline types commonly found in Canadian freshwater lakes, including a testing of a shoreline washing agent were all evaluated. We found that the native microbial community did not undergo any significant shifts in composition after exposure to dilbit or the ensuing remediation treatments. Regardless of the treatment, sample type (soil, sediment, or water), or type of associated shoreline, the community remained relatively consistent over a 3-month monitoring period. Following this, metagenomic analysis of polycyclic aromatic and alkane hydrocarbon degradation mechanisms also showed that while many key genes identified in PAH and alkane biodegradation were present, their abundance did not change significantly over the course of the experiment. These results showed that the native microbial community present in a pristine freshwater lake has the prerequisite mechanisms for hydrocarbon degradation in place, and combined with standard remediation practices in use in Canada, has the genetic potential and resilience to potentially undertake bioremediation.
Ectopic colonization by oral bacteria as an emerging theme in health and disease
Authors: Hernández-Cabanyero Carla , Vonaesch Pascale
Published: April 2024

The number of research papers published on the involvement of the oral microbiota in systemic diseases has grown exponentially over the last 4 years clearly demonstrating the growing interest in this field. Indeed, accumulating evidence highlights the central role of ectopic colonization by oral bacteria in numerous noncommunicable diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), undernutrition, preterm birth, neurological diseases, liver diseases, lung diseases, heart diseases, or colonic cancer. There is thus much interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms that lead to the colonization and maintenance of ectopic oral bacteria. The aim of this review is to summarize and conceptualize the current knowledge about ectopic colonization by oral bacteria, highlight wherever possible the underlying molecular mechanisms and describe its implication in health and disease. The focus lies on the newly discovered molecular mechanisms, showcasing shared pathophysiological mechanisms across different body sites and syndromes and highlighting open questions in the field regarding the pathway from oral microbiota dysbiosis to noncommunicable diseases.
Antibiofilm activity and synergistic effects of DNase I and lysostaphin against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Authors: Lin Quan , Sheng Maokun , Tian Yanjun , Li Bing , Kang Zhaodi , Yang Yingying , Xu Zhenbo , Soteyome Thanapop , Guo Liang , Sun Huzhi , Gao Yan , Yu Lingyun , Pan Qiang , Tan Yulong
Published: April 2024

Background

In recent years, food safety has become a global public health concern. Microbial contamination is one of the most common food safety issues. Staphylococcus aureus is a common foodborne pathogen that can form biofilms on the surface of food processing equipment, leading to greater resistance to antimicrobial agents than occurs with planktonic bacteria.

Materials and methods

In this work, recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells expressing optimized lysostaphin (Lst) were constructed, recombinant Lst was produced and purified, and Lst enzymatic assays were performed, followed by antimicrobial testing of Lst. Finally, a mixture of Lst and DNase I was tested for antibiofilm activity.

Results

The protein content of purified Lst was 0.6 mg/mL and the enzyme activity was 240 U/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Lst against S. aureus was 0.1 μg/mL. At 1 MIC, Lst exerted an effect on the growth, cell wall integrity and cell membrane permeability of S. aureus.

Conclusions

Although Lst alone also showed good inhibition and disruption of S. aureus biofilms, the inhibition and disruption of S. aureus biofilms were significantly greater when Lst was mixed with DNase I. This is probably because DNase I removes extracellular DNA, affecting biofilm formation and dispersing mature biofilms, and thereby facilitating the penetration of Lst.
Converted wave tomography based on inverse level set and adjoint formulation
Authors: Niño C A , Duarte C , Agudelo W , Sierra D A , Sacchi M D
Published: April 2024

Shear wave velocity (Vs) is a fundamental property of elastic media whose estimation from PS converted waves is challenging and requires modelling the boundary where P to S conversion occurs. This paper presents a PS tomography where seismic wave conversion/reflection points correspond to reflectors modelled with the level-set function set to zero [ϕ(x, z) = 0]. The proposed method aims for stable Vs inversion in a seismic acquisition setting using multicomponent receivers. Synthetic models simulating true Vs, Vp and the location of the geological reflector are used in the study. The inversion starts by locating a flat reflector, ϕ(x, z) = 0, which defines the zone Ω1 between the surface and the reflector, where the initial Vs and Vp fields are also set. To calculate the traveltimes of incident PT (P wave that propagates in Ω1 from source to the reflector), converted PS and reflected PP waves, for both observed and modelled data (forward problem), the methodology proposed by Rawlinson and Sambridge is adopted. This method uses the arrival times of the P waves, Tpt, from the seismic source at each reflector point as secondary sources generating the times Tps and Tpp. These times are calculated as a solution to the eikonal equation by using the Fast Marching method. The PS and PP residual times are minimized by updating Vs, Vp and ϕ(x, z) = 0 through adjoint variables designed from a formulation using Lagrange Multipliers in a variational context. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated for models with synclinal, sinusoidal and monoclinal reflector geometries using numerical tests considering the inversion of: (1) ϕ, given the true values of Vs and Vp; (2) ϕ and Vs, given the true value of Vp; (3) ϕ and Vp, given the true value of Vs and (4) the three parameters ϕ, Vs and Vp, simultaneously. Good results are obtained by inverting Vs and ϕ, given the true value of Vp. The simultaneous inversion of the three parameters exhibits promising results, despite the illumination problems caused by the different distribution of the PS, PP and PT time gradients due to the geometry of the reflectors and the acquisition setting (sources–receivers in the same plane). The proposed tomography estimates Vs and reflector positions which could help in statics corrections and improve the lithological characterization of near surface.
Haplotype-resolved chromosomal-level genome assembly reveals regulatory variations in mulberry fruit anthocyanin content
Authors: Xia Zhongqiang , Fan Wei , Liu Duanyang , Chen Yuane , Lv Jing , Xu Mengxia , Zhang Meirong , Ren Zuzhao , Chen Xuefei , Wang Xiujuan , Li Liang , Zhu Panpan , Liu Changying , Song Zhiguang , Huang Chuanshu , Wang Xiling , Wang Shuchang , Zhao Aichun
Published: April 2024

Understanding the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlying the anthocyanin content (AC) in fruits and vegetables is crucial for advanced biotechnological customization. In this study, we generated high-quality haplotype-resolved genome assemblies for two mulberry cultivars: the high-AC ‘Zhongsang5801’ (ZS5801) and the low-AC ‘Zhenzhubai’ (ZZB). Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of genes associated with AC production. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 112 mulberry fruits, we identified MaVHAG3, which encodes a vacuolar-type H+-ATPase G3 subunit, as a key gene linked to purple pigmentation. To gain deeper insights into the genetic and molecular processes underlying high AC, we compared the genomes of ZS5801 and ZZB, along with fruit transcriptome data across five developmental stages, and quantified the accumulation of metabolic substances. Compared to ZZB, ZS5801 exhibited significantly more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to anthocyanin metabolism and higher levels of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Comparative analyses revealed expansions and contractions in the flavonol synthase (FLS) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) genes, resulting in altered carbon flow. Co-expression analysis demonstrated that ZS5801 displayed more significant alterations in genes involved in late-stage AC regulation compared to ZZB, particularly during the phase stage. In summary, our findings provide valuable insights into the regulation of mulberry fruit AC, offering genetic resources to enhance cultivars with higher AC traits.
Aligning United States Law with International Norms Would Remove Major Barriers to Protection in Gender Claims
Authors: Musalo Karen
Published: April 2024

The protection of women and girls fleeing gender-based harms has been controversial in the United States (US), with advances followed by setbacks. The US interpretation of particular social group and its nexus analysis, both of which diverge from guidance by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), is the most significant barrier to protection. It has become almost impossible for women and girls to rely upon the particular social group ground because of current requirements that social groups not only be defined by immutable or fundamental characteristics, but also be socially distinct and have particularity. Establishing nexus is also a significant obstacle, with the US requirement of proof of the persecutor’s intent. In the first month of his administration, President Biden issued an executive order on migration, which raised hopes that these obstacles to protection would be removed. The order committed to protecting survivors of domestic violence and to issuing regulations that would make the US interpretation of particular social group consistent with international standards. The target date for the regulations was November 2021, but they have yet to issue. This article examines how the evolution of the US interpretation of particular social group and nexus has diverged from UNHCR recommendations. It shows how protection has been denied in gender cases involving the most egregious of harms. The article concludes by providing recommendations for realignment with international standards, which set a benchmark for evaluating the promised Biden administration regulations on the issue.
Log-Concavity of the Alexander Polynomial
Authors: Hafner Elena S , Mészáros Karola , Vidinas Alexander
Published: April 2024

The central question of knot theory is that of distinguishing links up to isotopy. The first polynomial invariant of links devised to help answer this question was the Alexander polynomial (1928). Almost a century after its introduction, it still presents us with tantalizing questions, such as Fox’s conjecture (1962) that the absolute values of the coefficients of the Alexander polynomial $\Delta _{L}(t)$ of an alternating link $L$ are unimodal. Fox’s conjecture remains open in general with special cases settled by Hartley (1979) for two-bridge knots, by Murasugi (1985) for a family of alternating algebraic links, and by Ozsváth and Szabó (2003) for the case of genus $2$ alternating knots, among others. We settle Fox’s conjecture for special alternating links. We do so by proving that a certain multivariate generalization of the Alexander polynomial of special alternating links is Lorentzian. As a consequence, we obtain that the absolute values of the coefficients of $\Delta _{L}(t)$, where $L$ is a special alternating link, form a log-concave sequence with no internal zeros. In particular, they are unimodal.
Multimatroids and Rational Curves with Cyclic Action
Authors: Clader Emily , Damiolini Chiara , Eur Christopher , Huang Daoji , Li Shiyue
Published: April 2024

We study the connection between multimatroids and moduli spaces of rational curves with cyclic action. Multimatroids are generalizations of matroids and delta-matroids that naturally arise in topological graph theory. The perspective of moduli of curves provides a tropical framework for studying multimatroids, generalizing the previous connection between type-$A$ permutohedral varieties (Losev–Manin moduli spaces) and matroids, and the connection between type-$B$ permutohedral varieties and delta-matroids. Specifically, we equate a combinatorial nef cone of the moduli space with the space of ${\mathbb {R}}$-multimatroids, a generalization of multimatroids, and we introduce the independence polytopal complex of a multimatroid, whose volume is identified with an intersection number on the moduli space. As an application, we give a combinatorial formula for a natural class of intersection numbers on the moduli space by relating to the volumes of independence polytopal complexes of multimatroids.
The Tension within Norms: Agency and Risks in Pursuit of Global Climate Justice
Authors: Minnella Carlotta , Pathak Swapna , Scauso Marcos Sebastian
Published: April 2024

How can IR theory capture both the possibilities of agency for historically underrepresented groups and the limitations that different social struggles present for them? This paper proposes a framework based on relational approaches, decolonial perspectives, and the concept of “tension” between possibilities and risks of agency to analyze the dynamics of norm emergence and circulation. It builds on, but moves beyond, constructivist analyses of the norm life cycle and adopts a relational and decolonial lens in order to probe normative agency and its consequences within the context of international negotiations. Focusing on constructivist theories of socialization with multiple feedback effects, the paper calls for a fourth agentic turn in the study of norms and their genealogy and offers an analytical and empirical roadmap to chart a more complex scenario of co-constitution for norms. The paper refers to the case of climate justice to illustrate, empirically, the importance of employing the concept of tension to unveil agentic moments in norm circulation, while also highlighting, theoretically, the risks and limitations that are present in meanings that continue to reinforce colonial legacies.
Corallococcus senghenyddensis sp. nov., a myxobacterium with potent antimicrobial activity
Authors: Arakal Benita S , Rowlands Richard S , McCarthy Michael , Whitworth David E , Maddocks Sarah E , James Philip E , Livingstone Paul G
Published: April 2024

Aim

Corallococcus species are diverse in the natural environment with 10 new Corallococcus species having been characterized in just the last 5 years. As well as being an abundant myxobacterial genus, they produce several secondary metabolites, including Corallopyronin, Corramycin, Coralmycin, and Corallorazine. We isolated a novel strain Corallococcus spp RDP092CA from soil in South Wales, UK, using Candida albicans as prey bait and characterized its predatory activities against pathogenic bacteria and yeast.

Methods and results

The size of the RDP092CA genome was 8.5 Mb with a G + C content of 71.4%. Phylogenetically, RDP092CA is closely related to Corallococcus interemptor, C. coralloides, and C. exiguus. However, genome average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values are lower than 95% and 70% when compared to those type strains, implying that it belongs to a novel species. The RDP092CA genome harbours seven types of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and 152 predicted antimicrobial peptides. In predation assays, RDP092CA showed good predatory activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, and Staphylococcus aureus but not against Enterococcus faecalis. It also showed good antibiofilm activity against all five bacteria in biofilm assays. Antifungal activity against eight Candida spp. was variable, with particularly good activity against Meyerozyma guillermondii DSM 6381. Antimicrobial peptide RDP092CA_120 exhibited potent antibiofilm activity with >50% inhibition and >60% dispersion of biofilms at concentrations down to 1 μg/ml.

Conclusions

We propose that strain RDP092CA represents a novel species with promising antimicrobial activities, Corallococcus senghenyddensis sp. nov. (=NBRC 116490T =CCOS 2109T), based on morphological, biochemical, and genomic features.
Twin support vector machines based on chaotic mapping dung beetle optimization algorithm
Authors: Huang Huajuan , Yao Zhenhua , Wei Xiuxi , Zhou Yongquan
Published: April 2024

Twin Support Vector Machine (TSVM) is a powerful machine learning method that is usually used to solve binary classification problems. But although the classification speed and performance of TSVM is better than that of primitive support vector machine, TSVM still faces the problem of difficult parameter selection; therefore, to overcome the problem of parameter selection of TSVM, this paper proposes a Chaotic Mapping Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm-based Twin Support Vector Machine (CMDBO-TSVM) for automatic parameter selection. Due to the uncertainty of the random initialization population of the original Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm, this paper additionally adds chaotic mapping initialization to improve the Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm. Experiments on the dataset through this paper show that the classification accuracy of the CMDBO-TSVM has a better performance.
Three-dimensional inversion for short-offset transient electromagnetic data based on 3D U-Net
Authors: Zhao Yang , Wu Xin , Chen Weiying , Xue Junjie , Shi Jinjing
Published: April 2024

The short-offset transient electromagnetic (SOTEM) method carries out surveys in the near source region; the strong signal makes it suitable for deep detection with high precision. When the underground structure is complex, three-dimensional (3D) inversion of SOTEM data is necessary to meet the need of high-precision detection. Currently, difficulties faced by the conventional 3D inversion methods include high computational complexity, and the influence of the initial model. Deep learning (DL), as a completely nonlinear algorithm, can predict the underground structure from the measured data. DL is completely data-driven and does not use traditional misfit optimization methods. In this study, an efficient method is proposed to conduct 3D inversion for SOTEM data, which trains a 3D U-Net based on massive data to establish a mapping from SOTEM data to geoelectric models. After the training is completed, we input the new SOTEM data into the trained network, and the corresponding geoelectric model can be obtained. Although the training is a time-consuming process, prediction for new data can be completed in seconds. The inversion results for simulated data indicate that the 3D U-Net has good generalization performance and anti-noise ability. The inversion performance of 3D U-Net on the double-anomaly model improves by 51.1% compared to a 3D fully convolutional network (FCN). The inversion results of the 3D U-Net on the field data successfully delineated the aquiferous collapse column. The inversion results for simulated and field data demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve accurate 3D inversion for large volume of data while greatly saving computational time.
Predictive factors of nivolumab plus ipilimumab treatment efficacy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Ohba Kojiro , Nakanishi Hiromi , Kawada Ken , Nakamura Yuichiro , Mitsunari Kensuke , Matsuo Tomohiro , Mochizuki Yasushi , Imamura Ryoichi
Published: April 2024

Objective

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab is a recommended first-line therapy regimen for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, it is not clear which patient characteristics are associated with its effectiveness.

Methods

We retrospectively examined 67 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab as a first-line therapy in multiple institutions from September 2018 to August 2022. We analyzed the relationships between survival outcomes and patient-related variables, including paraneoplastic symptoms. We also analyzed the relationships between changes in symptoms and parameters and outcomes.

Results

Of the 67 patients, 32 patients had paraneoplastic symptoms. The median progression-free survival was 14.9 months and median overall survival was 43.3 months. The objective response rate was 49.25% (33 patients), including two patients with complete response. Patients with cytoreductive nephrectomy, bone metastasis, high C-reactive protein levels and paraneoplastic symptoms were significantly correlated with short progression-free survival in the univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis of these factors showed that the presence of paraneoplastic symptoms at treatment initiation remained an independent predictor of progression-free survival. Of the 32 patients with paraneoplastic symptoms at treatment initiation, 12 patients had symptomatic improvement and 20 did not. The 1-year progression-free survival rates were significantly longer in improved patients compared with those with no improvement.

Conclusions

Patients without cytoreductive nephrectomy and with bone metastasis, liver metastasis, high C-reactive protein levels and paraneoplastic symptoms were significantly correlated with shorter progression-free survival. The presence of paraneoplastic symptoms was an independent predictor of progression-free survival. Improvement in paraneoplastic symptoms may reflect the treatment efficacy of nivolumab plus ipilimumab.
Molecular advances in bud dormancy in trees
Authors: Ding Jihua , Wang Kejing , Pandey Shashank , Perales Mariano , Allona Isabel , Khan Md Rezaul Islam , Busov Victor B , Bhalerao Rishikesh P
Published: April 2024

Seasonal bud dormancy in perennial woody plants is a crucial and intricate process that is vital for the survival and development of plants. Over the past few decades, significant advancements have been made in understanding many features of bud dormancy, particularly in model species, where certain molecular mechanisms underlying this process have been elucidated. We provide an overview of recent molecular progress in understanding bud dormancy in trees, with a specific emphasis on the integration of common signaling and molecular mechanisms identified across different tree species. Additionally, we address some challenges that have emerged from our current understanding of bud dormancy and offer insights for future studies.