bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural basis for Glycan-receptor binding by mumps virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
Authors: Forgione Rosa Ester , Di Carluccio Cristina , Kubota Marie , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Fukase Koichi , Molinaro Antonio , Hashiguchi Takao , Marchetti Roberta , Silipo Alba
Published: January 2020

Mumps virus is one of the main cause of respiratory illnesses in humans, especially children. Among the viral surface glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin – neuraminidase, MuV-HN, plays key roles in virus entry into host cells and infectivity, thus representing an ideal target for the design of novel inhibitors. Here we report the detailed analysis of the molecular recognition of host cell surface sialylated glycans by the viral glycoprotein MuV-HN. By a combined use of NMR, docking, molecular modelling and CORCEMA-ST, the structural features of sialoglycans/MuV-HN complexes were revealed. Evidence for a different enzyme activity toward longer and complex substrates compared to unbranched ligands was also examined by an accurate NMR kinetic analysis. Our results provide the basis for the structure-based design of effective drugs against mumps-induced diseases.
Quzhou Fructus Aurantii Extract suppresses inflammation via regulation of MAPK, NF-κB, and AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Li Lili , Chen Jiaoting , Lin Lin , Pan Guixuan , Zhang Sheng , Chen Hao , Zhang Majuan , Xuan Yaoxian , Wang Yin , You Zhenqiang
Published: January 2020

The anti-inflammatory activity of Quzhou Fructus Aurantii Extract (QFAE) has been reported recently. Thus, present study aims to explore the mechanism of anti-inflammation of QFAE in vitro and in vivo to develop a lung phylactic agent. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of QFAE in RAW 264.7 cells and acute lung injury (ALI) mice model was determined by cytokines analysis, histopathological examination, Western blot assay, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results showed that QFAE restrained mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, whereas AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways were activated, as revealed by prominent attenuation of phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38, p65, IκBα, RSK and MSK, and overt enhancement of phosphorylation of ACC and AMPKα. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β were suppressed, whereas the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased after pretreatment with QFAE in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, QFAE prevented mice from LPS-provoked ALI, bases on alleviating neutrophils, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and mitigatingpulmonary histological alters, as well as hematological change. The MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated ALI mice were dampened by QFAE pretreatment, whereas AMPK signaling pathways were accelerated, as testify by significant restraint of phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38, p65, and IκBα, and distinct elevation of phosphorylation of ACC and AMPKα. The remarkable anti-inflammatory effect of QFAE is associated with the suppression of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and the initiation of AMPK signaling pathway.
Circulating Tumor Cell Detection and Polyomavirus Status in Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Boyer Magali , Cayrefourcq Laure , Garima Françoise , Foulongne Vincent , Dereure Olivier , Alix-Panabières Catherine
Published: January 2020

The incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare and highly metastatic skin malignancy, has sharply increased in the last decade. Clinical biomarkers are urgently needed for MCC prognosis, treatment response monitoring, and early diagnosis of relapse. The clinical interest of circulating tumors cells (CTCs) has been validated in many solid cancers. The aim of this study was to compare CTC detection and characterization in blood samples of patients with MCC using the CellSearch System and the RosetteSep -DEPArray workflow, an innovative procedure to enrich, detect and isolate single CTCs. In preliminary experiments (using spiked MCC cell lines) both methods allowed detecting very few MCC cells. In blood samples from 19 patients with MCC at different stages, CellSearch detected MCC CTCs in 26% of patients, and the R-D workflow in 42% of patients. The detection of CTC-positive patients increased to 52% by the cumulative positivity rate of both methodologies. Moreover, Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA, involved in MCC oncogenesis, was detected in tumor biopsies, but not in all single CTCs from the same patient, reflecting the tumor heterogeneity. Our data demonstrate the possibility to detect, isolate and characterize CTCs in patients with MCC using two complementary approaches.
A near-infrared phosphorescent iridium(iii) complex for fast and time-resolved detection of cysteine and homocysteine
Authors: Li Yuanyan , Wu Yongquan , Wu Jie , Lun Weican , Zeng Hong , Fan Xiaolin
Published: January 2020

A novel near-infrared phosphorescent iridium(iii) complex for fast and time-resolved detection of aminothiols.
Role of the B′-site metal ion in the framework structures and dielectric transitions in host–guest type cyanometalates (HIm)2[B′Co(CN)6] (HIm = imidazolium cation)
Authors: Shi Chao , Gong Zhi-Xin , Wang Qin-Wen , Han Xiang-Bin , Zhang Wen
Published: January 2020

The B′-site alkali metal ion in (HIm)2[B′Co(CN)6] plays a key role in the change of the framework structures and the dynamic behaviours of the guest.
Controllable synthesis of CoFe2O4 electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Liu Nannan , Zhou Peng , Du Pengcheng , Tanguturi R. G. , Qi Yajun , Zhang Ming , Zhang Tianjin
Published: January 2020

Controllable synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanofibers has been realized by controlling the electrospinning process parameters.
Designed single-phase ZrO2 nanocrystals obtained by solvothermal syntheses
Authors: Santos Mayara S. , Freitas Jair C. C. , Dalmaschio Cleocir J.
Published: January 2020

Crystal growth pathways controlled by the acidity, type and concentration of the capping agent lead to different nanostructures and crystalline phases.
Mechanistic insights into higher alcohol synthesis from syngas on Rh/Cu single-atom alloy catalysts
Authors: Gao Yihao , Shi Lei , Li Shenggang , Ren Qinghua
Published: January 2020

DFT calculations show that C–C coupling is more favored on Rh/Cu single-atom alloy catalysts than on pure metal catalysts.
Taming quantum interference in single molecule junctions: induction and resonance are key
Authors: Zotti Linda A. , Leary Edmund
Published: January 2020

Chemical bond induction and mesomerism/resonance are theoretically demonstrated to control quantum interference in single molecule junctions.
Unsymmetrical β-functionalized ‘push–pull’ porphyrins: synthesis and photophysical, electrochemical and nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Rathi Pinki , Ekta  , Kumar Sandeep , Banerjee Dipanjan , Soma Venugopal Rao , Sankar Muniappan
Published: January 2020

A new family of unsymmetrical β-TPA appended ‘push–pull’ porphyrins has been synthesized in good yield for the first time. They exhibited red shifted broad absorption spectral features with high dipole moments and tunable redox properties.
Unusual dual-emissive heteroleptic iridium complexes incorporating TADF cyclometalating ligands
Authors: Benjamin Helen , Zheng Yonghao , Kozhevnikov Valery N. , Siddle Jamie S. , O'Driscoll Luke J. , Fox Mark A. , Batsanov Andrei S. , Griffiths Gareth C. , Dias Fernando B. , Monkman Andrew P. , Bryce Martin R.
Published: January 2020

Five new neutral heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes IrL2(pic) (2–6) based on the archetypical blue emitter FIrpic have been synthesised.
A novel approach for determination of the dissolved and the particulate fractions in aqueous samples by flow field flow fractionation via online monitoring of both the cross flow and the detector flow using ICP-MS
Authors: Tan Ping , Yang Jingjing , Nischwitz Volker
Published: January 2020

Full elemental characterization of particle suspensions by monitoring the dissolved and the particulate fractions within the same FFF run.
Aberration-free aspherical in-plane tunable liquid lenses by regulating local curvatures
Authors: Chen Qingming , Tong Xiliang , Zhu Yujiao , Tsoi Chi Chung , Jia Yanwei , Li Zhaohui , Zhang Xuming
Published: January 2020

A reconfigurable in-plane optofluidic lens that enables significant suppression or even elimination of longitudinal spherical aberration using discrete electrode strips.
Enhanced thermal stability and wettability of an electrospun fluorinated poly(aryl ether ketone) fibrous separator for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Hai , Lin Feng , Wang Hao , Wu Haohan , Yang Yunxu , Yu Liang , Liu Wei , Luo Dawei
Published: January 2020

To enhance the comprehensive performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a novel fluorinated poly(aryl ether ketone) (FPAEK) compound was synthesized and further fabricated as a nonwoven fibrous separator for LIBs via an electrospinning method.
Regioselective synthesis of ortho-iodobiphenylboronic acid derivatives: a superior catalyst for carboxylic acid activation
Authors: Al-Zoubi Raed M. , Al-Jammal Walid K. , McDonald Robert
Published: January 2020

Efficient and versatile synthesis of ortho-iodobiphenylboronic acids with remarkable catalytic and microbial activities.
The synthesis and property investigation of π-bridged 9,9′-bifluorenylidene ladder as an electron acceptor
Authors: Xu Jinjia
Published: January 2020

We synthesized a ladder-type 9,9′-bifluorenylidene dimer with good electron acceptability and demonstrated the π-bridged insertion exhibited significant effects on photophysical and electrochemical properties compared with its macrocyclic counterpart.
Kinetic modelling of acyl glucuronide and glucoside reactivity and development of structure–property relationships
Authors: Bradshaw Peter R. , Richards Selena E. , Wilson Ian D. , Stachulski Andrew V. , Lindon John C. , Athersuch Toby J.
Published: January 2020

Detailed kinetic and transition structure modelling to rationalise the differences in reactivity observed between the acyl glucuronide and glucoside metabolites of a series of phenylacetic acid analogues.
Reaction of chloroauric acid with histidine in microdroplets yields a catalytic Au–(His)2complex
Authors: Luo Kai , Li Jia , Cao Yufei , Liu Chengyuan , Ge Jun , Chen Hao , Zare Richard N.
Published: January 2020

Microdroplets form the Au–(His)2complex for catalyzing the reaction of phenylacetylene and indoline, which cannot occur in bulk.
Manganese oxides transformed from orthorhombic phase to birnessite with enhanced electrochemical performance as supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Jiang Lixue , Dong Mengyang , Dou Yuhai , Chen Shan , Liu Porun , Yin Huajie , Zhao Huijun
Published: January 2020

Birnessite δ-MnO2 has been successfully synthesized from orthorhombic γ-MnO2via a facile phase transformation strategy, exhibiting significantly enhanced electrochemical energy storage capacity as supercapacitor electrodes.
PVD customized 2D porous amorphous silicon nanoflakes percolated with carbon nanotubes for high areal capacity lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Zhouhao , Li Yan , Huang Shaozhuan , Liu Lixiang , Wang Ye , Jin Jun , Kong Dezhi , Zhang Lin , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: January 2020

A freestanding Si-MWCNT membrane has been successfully fabricated by reinforcing the PVD customized 2D porous Si nanoflakes with MWCNTs, which exhibits high areal capacity of 4.5 mA h cm−2, and high gravimetric energy density of ∼484.7 W h kg−1.
Correction: Dyson orbitals within the fc-CVS-EOM-CCSD framework: theory and application to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of ground and excited states
Authors: Vidal Marta L. , Krylov Anna I. , Coriani Sonia
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Dyson Orbitals within the fc-CVS-EOM-CCSD framework: theory and application to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of ground and excited states’ by M. L. Vidal et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/C9CP03695D
A genetic perspective on human origins
Authors: Williams Matthew , Teixeira João
Published: January 2020

Who are we? Where did we come from? Why are we here? These fundamental questions have been widespread throughout human history, shared across different cultures from distant epochs and geographical locations. The search has been as much a philosophical as an empirical one, capturing the imagination of the philosopher, the theologian, the artist and the scientist alike. Hence, the quest for unveiling our origins is probably as old as humanity itself. From a scientific point of view, which we address in the present article, the question of human origins became deeply intertwined with Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in the late 19th century. This led to the development of scientific fields such as palaeoanthropology, which analyses fossil remains, stone tools and cultural artefacts to piece together our past. Recently, however, the possibility to assess genetic information from thousands of individuals across the world and, more importantly, to obtain DNA from specimens that lived thousands of years in the past (so-called ancient DNA [aDNA] analyses) is rapidly transforming long-held beliefs about our origins. As such, we have never been in a better position to ask what do our genomes have to tell us about where we came from. Ultimately, however, can they tell us who we are?
University of Manchester School of Biological Sciences launches a blueprint for drastic laboratory plastic reduction
Authors: Fostier Maggy , Grady Ruth
Published: January 2020

The University of Manchester has pledged to eliminate ‘avoidable’ single-use plastic by 2022. To contribute, Dr Maggy Fostier and Dr Ruth Grady from the School of Biological Sciences (SBS) have launched a project to reduce the amount of plastic in their undergraduate laboratory classes. These classes involve thousands of students per year who require pipettes, weighing boats, stirrers, gloves and other plastic implements which sometimes can have usage lifespans that are less than a minute.
Association between VEGF gene polymorphisms (11 sites) and polycystic ovary syndrome risk
Authors: Huang Li , Wang Lunwen
Published: January 2020

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in ovarian folliculogenesis and normal reproductive function. So far, several studies focusing on association between VEGF gene polymorphisms and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, above association between the VEGF gene polymorphisms and PCOS susceptibility is uncertain. Hence, we performed a timely meta-analysis containing all current publications to make clear this relationship. We searched articles from the PubMed, Embase and Chinese language (WanFang and CNKI) databases that were published up until May 10, 2019. Finally, we obtained 9 studies, containing 29 case–control studies and 11 different polymorphisms. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were revealed association strengths. There were significantly decreased associations between rs2010963 (-634), +9812, +405 polymorphisms and PCOS risk. Nevertheless, there existed increased associations between rs699947 (-2578), rs833061, rs1570360 (-1154), rs3025020, rs3025039 polymorphisms and PCOS susceptibility. Our current analysis suggested VEGF gene polymorphisms may be associated with PCOS risk, which is possible to be expected to become biomarkers of early detection for women.
Telepractice for Adult Speech-Language Pathology Services: A Systematic Review
Authors: Weidner Kristen , Lowman Joneen
Published: January 2020

Purpose

We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding adult telepractice services (screening, assessment, and treatment) from approximately 2014 to 2019.

Method

Thirty-one relevant studies were identified from a literature search, assessed for quality, and reported.

Results

Included studies illustrated feasibility, efficacy, diagnostic accuracy, and noninferiority of various speech-language pathology services across adult populations, including chronic aphasia, Parkinson's disease, dysphagia, and primary progressive aphasia. Technical aspects of the equipment and software used to deliver services were discussed. Some general themes were noted as areas for future research.

Conclusion

Overall, results of the review continue to support the use of telepractice as an appropriate service delivery model in speech-language pathology for adults. Strong research designs, including experimental control, across multiple well-described settings are still needed to definitively determine effectiveness of telepractice services.
Plasma-environment effects on K lines of astrophysical interest
Authors: Deprince J. , Bautista M. A. , Fritzsche S. , García J. A. , Kallman T. R. , Mendoza C. , Palmeri P. , Quinet P.
Published: January 2020

Aims. In the context of black-hole accretion disks, we aim to compute the plasma-environment effects on the atomic parameters used to model the decay of K-vacancy states in moderately charged iron ions, namely Fe IX – Fe XVI.

Methods. We used the fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock method approximating the plasma electron–nucleus and electron–electron screenings with a time-averaged Debye–Hückel potential.

Results. We report modified ionization potentials, K-threshold energies, wavelengths, radiative emission rates, and Auger widths for plasmas characterized by electron temperatures and densities in the ranges 105−107 K and 1018−1022 cm−3.

Conclusions. This study confirms that the high-resolution X-ray spectrometers onboard the future XRISM and Athena space missions will be capable of detecting the lowering of the K edges of these ions due to the extreme plasma conditions occurring in accretion disks around compact objects.
MONACO v2: Multipurpose and Integrated Data Acquisition System for On-line Neutron and Gamma Measurements
Authors: Barbot L. , Fourmentel D. , De Izarra G. , Destouches C. , Villard J-F. , Moline Y. , Hamrita H.
Published: January 2020

The CEA MONACO v2 a multichannel acquisition system dedicated to neutron and gamma measurements. It is unique as it integrates all the following features in one module: automatic generation of saturation curves, automatic generation of pulse discrimination curves, detector pulse characterization using the embedded oscilloscope module, pulse mode acquisitions in count rate or pulse height analysis, fluctuation mode and current mode acquisitions. Sensors are plugged to a single connector and the implemented operating modes run constantly in parallel.

Firsly designed for on line local neutron and gamma measurements with gaseous detectors in reactor experiments, the MONACO v2 system will also be available for self-powered detectors thanks to its wide current mode working range.

After two years of development, CEA teams tested two MONACO v2 prototypes in the Slovenian TRIGA Mark II research reactor in 2018, using CEA miniature ion chambers and SPNDs. The system is now ready for industrialization to be available on the nuclear instrumentation market.
Interannual variation in the metazoan parasite communities of bigeye trevally Caranx sexfasciatus (Pisces, Carangidae)
Authors: Violante-González Juan , Monks Scott , Gallegos-Navarro Yesenia , Santos-Bustos Nataly G. , Villalba-Vasquez Princessa J. , Padilla-Serrato Jesús G. , Pulido-Flores Griselda
Published: January 2020

Parasite communities in Caranx sexfasciatus were characterized and analyzed to determine any interannual variations in structure and/or species composition. In total, 422 C. sexfasciatus were collected from Acapulco Bay, Mexico, between May 2016 and March 2019. Thirty-two taxa of metazoan parasites were identified: five Monogenea, thirteen Digenea, one Acanthocephala, one Cestoda, three Nematoda, seven Copepoda, and two Isopoda. Monogeneans were the most frequent and abundant parasite species in all sampling years. Parasite species richness at the component community level varied significantly from 8 (May 2016) to 25 (March 2019) and was similar to previous reports for other species of Carangidae. The component communities and infracommunities in C. sexfasciatus were characterized by low parasite species numbers, low diversity, and dominance of a single species (the monogenean Neomicrocotyle pacifica). Parasite community structure and species composition varied between sampling years and climatic seasons. Seasonal or local fluctuations in some biotic and abiotic environmental factors probably explain these variations.
A comparative study of three new parallel models based on the PSO algorithm
Authors: Zemzami Maria , El Hami Norelislam , Itmi Mhamed , Hmina Nabil
Published: January 2020

Meta-heuristic PSO has limits, such as premature convergence and high running time, especially for complex optimization problems. In this paper, a description of three parallel models based on the PSO algorithm is developed, on the basis of combining two concepts: parallelism and neighborhood, which are designed according to three different approaches in order to avoid the two disadvantages of the PSO algorithm. The third model, SPM (Spherical-neighborhood Parallel Model), is designed to improve the obtained results from the two parallel NPM (Neighborhood Parallel Model) and MPM (Multi-PSO Parallel Model) models. The experimental results presented in this paper show that SPM model performed much better than both NPM and MPM models in terms of computing time and solution quality.
What does ‘nature’ mean?
Authors: Ducarme Frédéric , Couvet Denis
Published: January 2020

The idea of ‘nature’ is at the very core of science, considered as its flagship and deepest link with human societies. However, while nature preservation has become a major social concern, the idea of nature remains elusive. We examine here the origins, etymology, and historical semantics of this word and its different meanings in contemporary European languages. It appears that this word aggregated successively different and sometimes conflicting meanings throughout its history. One of the main present occidental meanings of “nature”, designating what is opposed to humans, currently used in public policies, conservation science, or environmental ethics, hence appears rare and recent, and contradictory with most other visions of nature, including former European representations and contemporary foreign ones. Nature preservation ought to take into account this semantic diversity when proposing policies, integrating the relativity and potential inaccuracy of the currently dominating occidental definition.
Is Lennie a monster? A reconsideration of Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men in a 21st century inclusive classroom context
Authors: Lawrence Clare
Published: January 2020

Of Mice and Men remains a staple text in schools in both the United States and United Kingdom, where both neuro-typical and disabled pupils encounter it. The character of Lennie has learning difficulties and also—as identified by some researchers—exhibits many characteristics of autism. Although the novella is hailed as a modern classic, there are aspects in Steinbeck’s portrayal of Lennie as un-human, ‘othered’ from the other characters in the book and demonised as animal-like that merit challenge if they are to be encountered in the modern classroom. This study asks, ‘If Lennie is a monster, what does that mean for pupils’ understanding of autism and intellectual disability both inside and outside the classroom?’ It considers the portrayal of Lennie from within its origins in the Eugenics movement of the 1930s, the effect of reader sympathies with George in the final action of the book and the moral effect of the ‘Briseño’ factor, used in Texas to decide on a prisoner’s suitability to face the death penalty. The importance of teachers’ awareness of disability issues and language when teaching texts of this kind and of the positioning of texts within the disability awareness curriculum is discussed.
TD-DFT spin-adiabats with analytic nonadiabatic derivative couplings
Authors: Bellonzi Nicole , Alguire Ethan , Fatehi Shervin , Shao Yihan , Subotnik Joseph E.
Published: January 2020

We present an algorithm for efficient calculation of analytic nonadiabatic derivative couplings between spin-adiabatic, time-dependent density functional theory states within the Tamm-Dancoff approximation. Our derivation is based on the direct differentiation of the Kohn-Sham pseudowavefunction using the framework of Ou et al. Our implementation is limited to the case of a system with an even number of electrons in a closed shell ground state, and we validate our algorithm against finite difference at an S1/T2 crossing of benzaldehyde. Through the introduction of a magnetic field spin-coupling operator, we break time-reversal symmetry to generate complex valued nonadiabatic derivative couplings. Although the nonadiabatic derivative couplings are complex valued, we find that a phase rotation can generate an almost entirely real-valued derivative coupling vector for the case of benzaldehyde.
Nanocalorimeters for biomolecular analysis and cell metabolism monitoring
Authors: Wang Shuyu , Sha Xiaopeng , Yu Shifeng , Zhao Yuliang
Published: January 2020

Nanocalorimeters, or microfabricated calorimeters, provide a promising way to characterize the thermal process of biological processes, such as biomolecule interactions and cellular metabolic activities. They enabled miniaturized heat measurement onto a chip device with potential benefits including low sample consumption, low cost, portability, and high throughput. Over the past few decades, researchers have tried to improve nanocalorimeters’ performance, in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and detection resolution, by exploring different sensing methods, thermal insulation techniques, and liquid handling methods. The enhanced devices resulted in new applications in recent years, and here we have summarized the performance parameters and applications based on categories. Finally, we have listed the current technical difficulties in nanocalorimeter research and hope for future solutions to overcome them.
Water adsorption on vanadium oxide thin films in ambient relative humidity
Authors: Goodacre Dana , Blum Monika , Buechner Christin , Hoek Harmen , Gericke Sabrina M. , Jovic Vedran , Franklin Joseph B. , Kittiwatanakul Salinporn , Söhnel Tilo , Bluhm Hendrik , Smith Kevin E.
Published: January 2020

In this work, ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is used to study the initial stages of water adsorption on vanadium oxide surfaces. V 2p, O 1s, C 1s, and valence band XPS spectra were collected as a function of relative humidity in a series of isotherm and isobar experiments. Experiments were carried out on two VO2 thin films on TiO2 (100) substrates, prepared with different surface cleaning procedures. Hydroxyl and molecular water surface species were identified, with up to 0.5 ML hydroxide present at the minimum relative humidity, and a consistent molecular water adsorption onset occurring around 0.01% relative humidity. The work function was found to increase with increasing relative humidity, suggesting that surface water and hydroxyl species are oriented with the hydrogen atoms directed away from the surface. Changes in the valence band were also observed as a function of relative humidity. The results were similar to those observed in APXPS experiments on other transition metal oxide surfaces, suggesting that H2O–OH and H2O–H2O surface complex formation plays an important role in the oxide wetting process and water dissociation. Compared to polycrystalline vanadium metal, these vanadium oxide films generate less hydroxide and appear to be more favorable for molecular water adsorption.
Merger of a Hénon-like attractor with a Hénon-like repeller in a model of vortex dynamics
Authors: Kazakov Alexey
Published: January 2020

We study the phenomenon of a collision of a Hénon-like attractor with a Hénon-like repeller leading to the emergence of mixed dynamics in the model describing the motion of two point vortices in a shear flow perturbed by an acoustic wave. The mixed dynamics is a recently discovered type of chaotic behavior for which a chaotic attractor of the system intersects with a chaotic repeller. In all known systems with mixed dynamics, the difference between the numerically obtained attractor and repeller is small. Unlike these systems, the model under consideration demonstrates another type of mixed dynamics that we call “strongly dissipative.” In this case, a strange attractor and a strange repeller have a nonempty intersection but are very different from each other, and this difference does not appear to decrease with increasing computation time.
Effects of dietary supplementation of calcified seaweed extract with different levels of salt on performance, acid–base balance, and meat quality of growing lambs
Authors: Alhidary I. A. , Abdelrahman M. M.
Published: January 2020

Sixty 4-month-old male Awassi lambs were used in a 70-day trial to evaluate the effects of supplemental AcidBuf (calcified seaweed extract; Celtic Sea Minerals, Carrigaline, County Cork, Ireland) with different levels of salt on the productive performance, acid–base status, and meat quality of growing lambs. Animals were randomly divided into six groups of 10 lambs each. The dietary treatments were (1) no added supplemental AcidBuf or salt (control group), (2) 0.4% added AcidBuf (A+S0.0), (3) 0.4% added AcidBuf + 0.4% added salt (A+S0.4), (4) 0.4% added AcidBuf + 0.8% added salt (A+S0.8), (5) 0.4% added AcidBuf + 0.1.2% added salt (A+S1.2), and (6) 0.4% added AcidBuf + 1.6% added salt (A+S1.6). Feed intake was measured weekly, and all lambs were weighed every week for evaluation of the productive parameters. Blood samples were collected from all lambs for measurement of biochemical and acid–base variables. At the end of experiment, eight lambs from each treatment were slaughtered for evaluation of carcass characteristics and meat quality. Lambs fed the AcidBuf-0.4% and 0.8% salt diet had greatest ADG (P = 0.03) and G:F (P = 0.02) respectively. The addition of AcidBuf to the diets increased (P < 0.05) the serum K concentration and reduced urea N and total CO2 concentrations in serum compared with the control group. The addition of AcidBuf and salt at level of 0.4% resulted in increases in hot (P = 0.03) and cold carcass weights (P = 0.04) compared with the control group. Overall, these data indicate that AcidBuf and salt supplementation improved weight gain and carcass weight in lambs.
The Politics of Translating Sound Motifs in African Fiction
Authors: Ibrahim Aibo Laurence Jay-Rayon
Published: January 2020

Starting with the premise that aesthetic choices reveal the ideological stances of translators, the author of this research monograph examines works of fiction by postcolonial African authors writing in English or French, the genesis and reception of their works, and the translation of each one into French or English. Texts include those by Nuruddin Farah from Somalia, Abdourahman Ali Waberi from Djibouti, Jean-Marie Adiaffi from Côte d’Ivoire, Ayi Kwei Armah from Ghana, Chenjerai Hove from Zimbabwe, and Assia Djebar from Algeria, and their translations by Jacqueline Bardolph, Jeanne Garane, Brigitte Katiyo, Jean-Pierre Richard, Josette and Robert Mane, and Dorothy Blair.
The author highlights the aural poetics of these works, explores the sound motifs underlying their literary power, and shows how each is articulated with the writer’s literary heritage. She then embarks on a close examination of each translator’s background, followed by a rich analysis of their treatments of sound. The translators’ strategies for addressing sound motifs are contextualized in the larger framework of postcolonial literatures and changing reading materialities.
Methodological considerations in heritage language
studies
Authors: McManmon Zoe
Published: January 2020

This study examines accuracy of heritage speakers
with respect to gender agreement of noun phrase (NP) constituents.
How does methodology affect participants’ accuracy with gender
agreement (GA)? Methods employed include an acquisition-based task,
and the sociolinguistic interview used in four groups: children who
access heritage language (HL) in school and in social network (SN);
children who access HL only in SN; children who access Spanish only
at school; and finally, children who access Spanish neither in
school nor in SN. Three groups showed comparable accuracy in
sociolinguistic interviews and acquisition task. For the group that
did not access Spanish at school/home, the accuracy was higher on a
sociolinguistic task (98.61%) compared to acquisition task (73%).
Different methodologies yielded different rates of accuracy. Methods
influence the participants’ task accuracy.
The acento pujado in Yucatan Spanish
Authors: Michnowicz Jim , Hyler Alex
Published: January 2020

Previous research has indicated that the accent
of Yucatan Spanish (YS) differs from that of other dialects, in
particular standard Mexican Spanish from central Mexico. These
studies attribute the YS accent, described as halting/staccato
(pujado), to contact with Yucatec Maya,
suggesting that yucatecos speak Spanish with a
Mayan accent. This claim has never been addressed explicitly in the
literature, however. The present study applies several metrics of
prosodic rhythm (%V, Cdev & PVI) to spontaneous speech samples
from bilingual and monolingual yucatecos. Results
show a changing rhythm, with younger speakers moving away from more
traditional, possibly Maya-influenced patterns in apparent time.
Connections between rhythm and segmental features of YS are
discussed, along with possible social implications.
Transfer and convergence between Catalan and Spanish in a
bilingual setting
Authors: Jiménez-Gaspar Amelia , Pires Acrisio , Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro
Published: January 2020

We present results from a production study of
forty-five bilingual Catalan-Spanish speakers (26 women and 19 men,
aged 16 to 65 years old), to determine whether there is transfer or
convergence between the two languages in a bilingual setting. The
participants are residents of the capital and several villages of
Majorca (Spain).

We provide evidence that the production of
third-person clitics in Majorcan Catalan is clearly affected by
bilingualism with Spanish. First, there is a pattern of partial
transfer in the use of the neutral clitic ho in
Majorcan Catalan, which shows a semantic extension matching Spanish
lo. Second, the bilinguals show a pattern of
syllabic (CV(C)) forms of pronominal clitics, favored by a
similarity with Spanish forms. This provides evidence of both
morphophonological and semantic transfer in the knowledge and
production of bilinguals who acquired both languages in childhood.
Progress and tensions in modelling register as a semantic configuration
Authors: Moore Alison Rotha
Published: January 2020

Halliday (1978: 111) defines register as “the configuration of semantic
resources that the member of a culture typically associates with a situation type.” Elsewhere, however, he stresses that when we
talk of “a register” this is a term of convenience: register is more properly theorised as continuous variation along many
linguistic dimensions. In this paper I review progress in our capacity to describe register and context of situation and ask
whether the tension between discrete and continuous models of register might hinder such progress. I then consider Hasan’s (1983, 2013) contextually-open networked model
of message semantics, arguing that in conjunction with context networks it has potential to map register variation but still needs
to be tested across a large and varied set of domains. Examples from healthcare interaction ground the discussion.
How international war law makes violence legal
Authors: Lukin Annabelle
Published: January 2020

Some international law scholars have argued that international war law, rather than proscribing violence in war, has instead been a vehicle for its legitimation. Given that laws are constituted in and through language, this paper explores this paradox through register analysis of the text of the Rome Statute, an international treaty adopted in 1998 which established the International Criminal Court to prosecute the crimes of “genocide”, “crimes against humanity”, “war crimes” and “crimes of aggression”. The parameters of field, tenor and mode are considered in conjunction with a brief account of linguistic features of Article 8 of the Rome Statute, which defines the scope of the term “war crimes”. The linguistic patterns provide evidence that the Rome Statute simultaneously outlaws some acts of violence while affording legal cover for others, despite their well-known devastating human consequences. The analysis provides linguistic evidence forMalešević’s (2010)claim that at the heart of modernity lies an “ontological dissonance”, through which we criminalise some forms of violence while legitimating others.
Follow the signs
Authors: Sangster Rodney B.
Published: January 2020

In this his latest book, Sangster presents a comprehensive theory that takes the cognitive view of language in a promising new direction, based upon how linguistic signs relate to one another at different levels of consciousness. At the rational level, where signs are necessarily experienced in context, they are primarily polysemic. At the transpersonal or pre-contextual level, however, they are monosemic, constituting a dynamic and self-organizing relational structure capable of producing a potentially infinite variety of contextual applications. The two levels are united by a stochastic or somatic selection process called contextualization, where feedback from experience assures the evolution of the system. The relational structure itself is composed of archetypes of space and time consciousness that derive from the evolution of the linguistic sign from the signaling behavior of antecedent species. Detailed analyses are provided to explain how the archetypes structure meaning in both the grammatical and lexical spheres, as well as in syntax.
Nel senso (che) in Italian
conversation
Authors: De Stefani Elwys
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines nel senso
(che) ‘in the sense (that)’ in
present-day conversational Italian. Speakers can use
the resource to start a turn, to extend a
turn-in-progress, or to yield a turn to a next
speaker. In TCU-beginnings, it is describable as a
projector construction, allowing
speakers to display continuation of their turn (with
a new clause). When extending a turn with
nel senso (che), speakers display
orientation towards a potential problem of
understanding which they prevent by elaborating on
their prior talk. In turn- and TCU-initial
positions, both nel senso che and
nel senso are observed; in
turn-final positions only the latter format occurs.
The chapter analyzes the syntactic, prosodic,
embodied, and praxeological corollaries of the
resource.
Relative-clause increments and the management of
reference
Authors: Stoenica Ioana-Maria , Pekarek Doehler Simona
Published: January 2020

In this paper we propose a reanalysis of
relative clauses in French talk-in-interaction as
part of “grammar for talk implementing action”
(Schegloff,
1996: p. 113). Our analytic focus is on
relative clauses produced as increments, i.e., cases
where the [main clause + relative clause] pattern
emerges gradually, in response to interactional
contingencies such as co-participants’ verbal and
embodied conduct. We identify two recurrent
interactional purposes that speakers accomplish by
means of such self-incremented relative clauses:
referential repair, ensuing from
a recipient’s verbal and/or embodied display of
trouble; referential elaboration,
ensuing from a recipient’s verbal and/or embodied
display of referent recognition. The findings
challenge the notion of relative clauses as
subordinate clauses, and extend our understanding of
the emergent nature of grammar to the field of
complex syntax.
Deafness, cognition and language
Authors: Morgan Gary
Published: January 2020

This opening chapter sets the scene for the volume by describing in the first section what researchers mean by a native user of a signed language, and what differences exist between the deaf child who has deaf parents and those in the vast majority of cases from hearing families. This experience of late or reduced exposure to accessible language can have far reaching consequences and in this introduction chapter the areas of early interaction and later cognitive development are highlighted. The second half of the chapter describes the contents of the book by summarizing the key findings from each chapter. The chapter concludes with some future research questions for language development research that follow on from this volume.
Early communication in deaf and hearing children
Authors: Harris Margaret , Clibbens John
Published: January 2020

This chapter considers the similarities and differences between visual and auditory communication, focusing on early communication between infants and young children and their caretakers and showing how understanding of this phenomenon has unfolded over several decades of research. We identify key characteristics of effective infant–caretaker communication, focusing particularly on the development of joint attention. We explain how the dynamics of early communication can be affected by the hearing status of the infant and the caretaker and we review evidence from interventions that provide direct support for infant–caretaker interactions. Fnally, we compare outcomes for the current cohort of deaf infants with those born before recent innovations in diagnosis and hearing aid technology.
Overlap in turn-taking in signed mother–child dyadic and triadic interactions
Authors: Baker Anne , Van den Bogaerde Beppie
Published: January 2020

Little is known about the development of the rules of turn-taking when signing, such as the extent to which overlap is allowed and when, and which attention strategies are used by signers when overlapping. This topic was investigated by comparing the more complex triadic situation (involving three people) of a deaf mother and her two deaf twins aged 5;6 years, together with how the adult communicated with these two children individually. Visual attention for the beginning of utterances was mostly established, but more so in the dyadic than the triadic situation. Seating position appeared to be relevant. More explicit strategies to attract eye-gaze were used in the triadic than the dyadic situation, including less usual strategies. Despite the conversation being between three people and needing checks with all participants, there was not more overlap in the triadic situation. Development in turn-taking is clearly still continuing after age six years.
Age of acquisition effects in language development
Authors: Lillo-Martin Diane , Smith Neil , Tsimpli Ianthi
Published: January 2020

The most accessible language for deaf children is generally a sign language, but few children have input in sign languages early in life. Late first-language acquisition of a sign language reveals age of acquisition effects that must be taken into consideration by linguistic theories of acquisition. When deaf children access spoken language through a cochlear implant, age of acquisition effects can again be seen, and the presence or absence of sign language is an important factor in language outcomes. Finally, the development of a sign language as a second language in unique contexts such as that of Christopher, a polyglot savant, can reveal more about the nature of language development and the theories of language structure that must be posited.
Links between language and cognitive development of deaf children
Authors: Morgan Gary , Jones Anna , Botting Nicola
Published: January 2020

This chapter weaves together work on early interaction between parents and children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) with research on social-emotional development (Theory of Mind) and wider cognitive abilities (Executive Functions). We describe in detail why language input in sign or spoken language (or both together) facilitates the development of communication, language and cognitive skills using what has been termed the Language Scaffolding Hypothesis. The chapter concludes with a discussion of what research is required next to understand how the current language learning experiences of DHH children – the majority who will have a cochlear implant and hearing parents – can promote both language and cognitive development.
Neurobiological insights from the study of deafness and sign language
Authors: Cardin Velia , Campbell Ruth , MacSweeney Mairéad , Holmer Emil , Rönnberg Jerker , Rudner Mary
Published: January 2020

The study of deafness and sign language has provided a means of dissociating modality specificity from higher level abstract processes in the brain. Differentiating these is fundamental for establishing the relationship between sensorimotor representations and functional specialisation in the brain. Early deafness in humans provides a unique insight into this problem, because the reorganisation observed in the adult deaf brain is not only due to neural development in the absence of auditory inputs, but also due to the acquisition of visual communication strategies such as sign language and speechreading. Here we report research by scholars who have collaborated with Bencie Woll in understanding the neural reorganisation that occurs as a consequence of early deafness, and its relation to the use of different visual strategies for language. We concentrate on three main topics: functional specialisation of sensory cortices, language and working memory.
High-bandwidth magnet power supply for iron core corrector in Taiwan Photon Source
Authors: Huang J.-C. , Wong Y.-S. , Liu K.-B. , Liu C.-Y. , Wang B.-S. , Chu Y.-L.
Published: January 2020

Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has been operated for 6 years, and the mean time between fails has reached world-class standards since the first light was delivered on 31 December 2013. To maintain satisfactory research facilities, all subsystems are constantly updating their equipment. The power supply group dramatically increases the output current bandwidth on bipolar corrector magnet power supplies, thereby increasing the number of calculations of the fast orbit feedback system and improving the stability of beam current. Finally, a DC/DC high-bandwidth corrector was built in the laboratory with the maximum prototype output current and voltage of 10 A/40 V. The power switch is metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET,) and the power state is a full-bridge (H-Bridge) circuit with a 145 kHz signal. The effectiveness of the control loop design can be verified from the gain margin and output current ripple. The prototype achieved a 11 kHz bandwidth with less than 3 dB attenuation for a reference signal of 0.1 V (equal to 0.1 A). Finally, a hardware prototype circuit was constructed in a power group laboratory. It had an input voltage of 48 V, output current of 10 A and maximum power of 400 W.
Effect of carbon nanotube reinforcement on the natural frequencies and damping ratios of nanocomposite beams
Authors: Hocaoğlu Murat , Karagülle Hira
Published: January 2020

In this study, the effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforcement on the natural frequencies and damping ratios of nanocomposite beams are examined. Three nanocomposite plates reinforced with different CNT weight ratios (0% neat epoxy-glass fiber composite beam, 0.25%, 0.5%) are produced. Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (Purity>96%, outside diameter < 8nm) are mixed into the epoxy resin with an ultrasonic stirrer. The plates also contain glass fibres as an additional reinforcement. Test specimens are cut parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the fibres to obtain two different sets of specimens. Free vibration tests are performed by a wireless accelerometer sensor (WAS), a wireless data acquisition system (WDA) and a PC. Natural frequencies and damping ratios are determined from the acceleration data obtained from the experiments. For both the 0° and 90° specimens an increase in natural frequency is observed. However, while the damping ratio of the 0° specimen increases, the damping ratio of 90° one decreases.