bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural dynamics of a 3 DOF parallel kinematic machine
Authors: Yáñez Valdez Ricardo , Luna Díaz Angel Ivan , Cos Díaz Jorge Jayr , Cuenca Jiménez Francisco , Velázquez Villegas Fernando
Published: March 2021

Milling is an intrinsically interrupted cutting operation; therefore, vibrations occur. There are both self-excited (chatter) and forced vibration. Vibrations in milling appear due to the lack of dynamic stiffness of some components in the machine tool-tool-workpiece system. If the vibrations are excessive, the machine stability is negatively affected. In this paper a parallel kinematic machine is modelled and structurally analyzed, considering vibrational parameters (mass, inertia, stiffness, and damping). Theoretical results are used to verify the model. The proposed model provides an effective guide to design milling machines with the best structural arrangement (architecture) and enhancing performance.
The value of this finding is in answering the research question: ""Should the machine tool-tool-workpiece system be kept decoupled to mitigate the vibration generated during a cutting operation?"". Two approaches were proposed to determine which option (coupled or decoupled bases) provides greater dynamic rigidity. The evidence shows that the decoupled base proposal maintains a cutting operation without displacement peaks due to greater operation times and better damping response.
Ígor Stravinski en México (1940-1961). Recepción e influencia en los músicos españoles del exilio: el caso de Jesús Bal y Gay
Authors: Ares Yebra Javier
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo analiza la recepción en México del compositor ruso Ígor Stravinski entre 1940 y 1961, años de su primera y última gira en este país, a partir de su influencia en los músicos exiliados españoles, con especial atención al musicólogo y compositor Jesús Bal y Gay, exiliado en México entre 1938 y 1965. En primer lugar, se examinan las primeras giras mexicanas de Stravinski, y su vínculo con Bal y Gay a partir de los diarios de Vera Stravinski y Robert Craft, entre otras fuentes. En una segunda parte, se analiza la presencia del compositor ruso en los escritos del musicólogo español, valorando el papel de Bal y Gay como difusor de la obra musical y literaria de Stravinski en el ámbito hispanoamericano.
Canteras de San Luis Potosí. Entre historia, olvido y destrucción
Authors: Hernández Soubervielle José Armando
Published: March 2021

A lo largo de la historia, a San Luis Potosí se le ha identificado como una ciudad en cuyas construcciones más emblemáticas y antiguas se ha empleado una cantería de color rosa extraída de las faldas de la sie-rra de San Miguelito, en el extremo sur-surponiente del valle. Festivales culturales se han diseñado para hacer patente que ésta es una ciudad con “alma de cantera”. Nada, sin embargo, se ha dicho sobre la historia de estos yacimientos de roca riolítica que le permitieron a la ciudad irse forrando con un rostro único y, en efecto, característico. En el presente artículo nos acercamos al devenir de las canteras de San Luis, su ubicación y su historia, que se remonta a los años fundacionales de la ciudad, y cómo el descuido, la ignorancia y la rapacidad están acabando con las canteras que alimentaron la arquitectura local por más de 400 años.
Book review: Tella, O., & Motala, S. (Eds.). (2020). From Ivory Towers to Ebony Towers: Transforming Humanities Curricula in South Africa, Africa, and African American Studies. South Africa: Jacana Media, 563 p.
Authors: Oluwakayode Olumide E.
Published: March 2021

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Book review: Williams, P.D. (Eds.). (2018). Fighting for Peace in Somalia: A History and Analysis of the African Union Mission (AMISOM), 2007-2017. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 366 p.
Authors: Adan Mohamed , Mugabi Brian
Published: March 2021

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“The World is Bigger than Five”. Turkey’s Emergence as a Global Actor in World Politics: Prospects and Challenges for Russia
Authors: Irkhin Aleksandr Anatolievich , Moskalenko Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2021

The foreign policy realized by Turkeys president clearly evidences the fact that Erdogan does not accept todays world order as a model for the near future. This has led to the proposition of The World Is Bigger than Five formula since 2013. At least in several key regions, Ankara attempts to change the world order through more than emotional declarations; it uses both hard and soft power in the Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East, Black Sea region, Caucasus, and Central Asia. The main indicators of Turkish soft and hard power (military, economic, technological factors, and attractiveness of mass culture) are examined to identify possibilities of Turkey to change the balance of power in key regions and on a global scale. From 2007, the vision of Turkey as an influential actor globally has been propagated by the Turkish elite of the Justice and Development Party (AKP). Geopolitical, civilizational, and systematic approaches are used. The research process is carried out within the paradigm of classical and critical geopolitics. During the AKPs time in power, moderate Islamists gave Turkey a new impetus - a return to its civilizational roots. One must note the states development of its economy, military-industrial complex, and the new national position globally as a patron of every Muslim. Modern Turkey can be considered a great regional power with sectoral global leadership in its military attainment, and due to the attractiveness of its model of development. Ankara invests heavily in soft power, its success is based on the Turkish development ideology, which represents a synthesis of neo-Ottoman, neo-Pan-Turkic and pan-Islamic ideas. The revival of Turkey as a regional power and its desire to become a world power will inevitably increase the space of contradictions in Russian-Turkish relations, reducing the sphere of cooperation between the two countries.
Functional Category of Aspectuality in the Russian And English Languages
Authors: Derdzakyan Hripsime A.
Published: March 2021

This article studies functional and semantic Tense/Aspect complexes in Russian and English, focusing on their similarities and differences. In Russian, Tense-Aspect meanings of the verb forms correlate with the semantic components of Aktionsart, while in English both Imperfective and Perfective aspects of the verb semantics are realized by the constituent category of Tense/Aspect. The inner asymmetry of the verb forms and meanings is acknowledged for each of the contrastive languages, especially for the two languages compared. The material of the study is retrieved from grammar books and manuals and from literary text samples, principally concerns the use of Tense/Aspect forms of the Russian verb and the forms of the English Perfect. The novelty impact of the study is determined by focusing on the irregularity of the aspectual meanings of English Perfect forms and Tense/Aspect forms of the Russian verb, whereas they are mostly due to lexical meanings of the verbs influenced by intralinguistic specificities of the semantics of lexical indicators as well as mechanisms of communication on the whole. Aspectual meanings both for the Perfective and Imperfective Aspect in languages under comparison used to make up lexical and grammatical aspectual categorical complexes. In terms of Aspect and Tense, peculiarities are found as functional and semantic ones, highly dependent on the situation and context of communication, thus involving extralinguistic factors which also concern the extralinguistic environment of Tense/Aspect verbal forms in use. The comparison of functions and the semantics of Aspect and Aktionsart in the Russian language with those of English Perfect asymmetry is proved to emerge, being caused by cross-linguistic structural and typological differences, particularly, the existence or not the similar forms, their varying semantic load, analytical or synthetic tendencies and others. The asymmetry is especially vividly seen translation and lexicographic field to compose varying kinds of bilingual dictionaries.
F.M. Dostoevsky on the Reasons for "Remarkable Dislike" Europe to Russia
Authors: Lagunov Aleksey A. , Smirnov Andrey Yu.
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the article is due to the authors attempt to apply some of the philosophical concepts of F.M. Dostoevsky to the comprehension of contemporary sociocultural reality. The purpose of this study is to clarify the reasons for the historically unfriendly attitude of Europe towards Russia by analyzing the works of F.M. Dostoevsky dedicated to this problem. In the process of writing the article, the published Diaries of the writer were used; diary entries unpublished during the writer's life; philosophical reflections contained in works of art, as well as applied modern scientific and popular science literature dedicated to the work of F.M. Dostoevsky. In the course of the analysis, it was found that the writer considered historical, confessional and moral reasons to be the main factors in the rejection of Russia by Europe, while he especially singled out disinterestedness incomprehensible to Europe as a characteristic of the Russian people. The authors draws attention to the fact that all the reasons for Europe's "remarkable dislike" for Russia, about which F.M. Dostoevsky, directly or indirectly associated with the Orthodox faith. Therefore, an attempt to actualize the worldview heritage of the great writer will certainly lead us to a dilemma: either to move from thoughts and words to actions, to religiously enlighten both ourselves and Europe; or to enclose our Orthodox heritage in a historical and cultural framework, eliminating the source of the reasons for our rejection by the European public, with all the ensuing consequences.
Dostoevsky - Strakhov - Tolstoy: Toward to the Story of One Conflict
Authors: Klimova Svetlana M.
Published: March 2021

The well-known epistolary conflict between Fyodor Dostoevsky and Nikolai Strakhov over the latter's slander of the great Russian writer's terrible sins is considered in the article from the point of view a philosophical anthropology and relations not two but between three participants of this story: Dostoyevsky, Strakhov and Tolstoy. This conflict is presented through anthropological, existential, and class prisms of description, based on a reconstruction of Strakhov's concept of man as a controversial, dual, and undefined being reflected in Dostoevsky's work. A direct relation between the definition of the dual nature of man in the works of Strakhov and Dostoevsky and interpersonal conflicts within "boundary forms of literature" is substantiated. Special attention is paid to the class of seminarians, the object of Dostoevsky's targeted criticism. He saw their worst characteristics in Strakhov personality. Tolstoy plays the role of an arbiter in this controversy, assessing the situation both in terms of literary, existential and religious thought. In the course of his examination of this conflict, his unexpected closeness to Dostoevsky was discovered in regard to assessment of Strakhov. The point of their coincidence was the "pink Christianity" of the writers, who justify man in a quite similar manner, in terms of their religious consciousness.
Pharmaceutical value chain: opportunities for outsourcing
Authors: Volgina Natalia A.
Published: March 2021

Industry value chains take important place in the architecture of the global economy. In recent years, cross-border pharmaceutical value chains have been actively developing, the formation of which took place both through offshoring and outsourcing processes under the control of Big Pharma companies, which keep leading positions in the pharmaceutical markets. The study evaluates the possibilities of outsourcing, as well as identifies its features at various stages of the pharmaceutical chain. The multistage pharmaceutical chain, as well as its high degree of its modularity, have created favourable opportunities for outsourcing at every stage, from the lower stage of retail sales to the upper stage of RD. This is so-called bottom - up outsourcing. An increase in costs and a decrease in the efficiency of the entire pharmaceutical chain, caused by the complication of the development and production of drugs, led to a crisis in pharmaceutical innovation. Outsourcing allowed to partially solve arisen problems, increase the productivity of the chain and distribute financial risks, which has led to the emergence of contract organizations that have taken over the implementation of certain pharmaceutical services (contract development and manufacturing, sales, packaging, research organizations). The pharmaceutical RD market was one of the last to get involved in outsourcing processes, due to the fact, that Big Pharma, which manage outsourcing processes, on the one hand, strives to expand outsourcing in order to improve the efficiency of the pharmaceutical chain, and, on the other hand, are very wary of it, since they want to retain ownership and control over their key competencies, which in the case of outsourcing is not always possible.
Development of project management practice in hotels of Kazakhstan
Authors: Turginbayeva Ardak N. , Zhakupbekova Guldana E.
Published: March 2021

Project management is not only a tool for achieving business goals, but also a mechanism for strategic development of the company. This is due to the fact, that the achievement of strategic goals in any area is directly related to the effective implementation of individual projects. In the framework of the study, the development of project management practices in the hotel business is evaluated using the project management maturity model. It is revealed that the use of project management practices in Kazakhstan hotels lags behind hotels of international chains.
Economic relations between China and Venezuela: modern characteristics and prospects
Authors: Koval Alexandra G. , Sorokin Mikhail I.
Published: March 2021

Venezuela suffers currently from a deep economic and political crisis. China, being significant partner for Venezuela, has recently increased its presence on the Venezuelan market. The study reveals the distinguishing features of modern Chinese-Venezuelan economic relations. It analyzes China's foreign economic strategy in Latin America and identifies the trends in trade, investment and finance relations between China and Venezuela. The conclusion is made that the Chinese strategy in Venezuela is not based on the concept of South - South cooperation, but it more relates to the North - South approach. At the same time, the political factor plays an increasingly significant role in the development of relationship between states from a perspective of escalation of the confrontation between the United States and China. The possible scenarios and consequences of the Venezuelan political crisis for China are identified and certain comparisons with Russia are presented.
Problems and directions of electronic commerce development in the BRICS countries
Authors: Yampolskaya Diana O. , De Conti Bruno Martarello , Morozov Sergey N.
Published: March 2021

E-commerce issues and ways of digital cooperation between the BRICS countries are examined. The BRICS countries, excluding China, were not able to occupy the highest positions in the innovation ratings published by Western research organizations, but they have high development potential. The BRICS countries and their programs for development of the digital economy and trade are studied. The Russian Federation pays great attention to digital cooperation due to existing difficulties in geo-economic situation. The development of e-commerce is a key element in the digitalization of economy. This study examines the stages of development of the digital economy and current state of BRICS e-commerce, as well as highlights its problem areas. It overviews modern e-commerce tools, such as electronic payments, blockchain, chat bots, internet of things, voice assistants, drones, etc. Digital cooperation should be developed precisely in these areas. However, the fact that Russia lacks applied experience in the field of commercialization has become a significant problem. In this regard, the main purpose of the study is to identify areas and ways of digital cooperation for BRICS governments and individual companies.
Methodological provisions for assessing the digital maturity of economic systems
Authors: Deryzemlya Valeria E. , Ter-Grigoryants Anna A.
Published: March 2021

Digital transformation is a way of doing business that uses information and digital technologies. Readiness of companies for internal and external changes related to digitalization is called digital maturity. The research is devoted to the dynamics of growth of digital maturity of organizations in the Russian Federation and current methods of its assessment. The concept of assessing the digital maturity of economic systems as a stage in the implementation of digital transformation of the economy is revealed. The main directions of digital transformation in the country are highlighted and characterized. The dynamics of the level of digitalization and innovation implementation in Russian business in 2018-2020 are evaluated. A comparative analysis of methods for assessing digital maturity is carried out. Based on the results of the study, the prospects for further research in the field of digital maturity assessment are identified, and the main directions and obstacles to the digital transformation of the economy are formulated.
Legal aspects of using genetic evidence on the example of US judicial practice
Authors: Ponomareva Daria V. , Sorokina Elizaveta M.
Published: March 2021

Advances in genomic research, biobanking and DNA identification technologies are expanding the use of biological and genetic evidence in litigation. The discovery of DNA and one of its functions to transmit hereditary information made it possible to look differently at the theory of a genetic predisposition to deviant behavior. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the availability and increase of genetic research allows, along with the traditional use of genetic expertise in litigation (search and identification of a criminal, establishment of paternity), to expand the possibility of using the achievements of genetics by the parties to prove other circumstances in court. In this article, the authors analyze the US jurisprudence regarding the possibility of a party using the protection of genetic evidence in order to present a position in justification of the mitigation of punishment for an accused due to her genetic predisposition to criminal behavior. The authors also paid attention to the consideration of the issue of using the results of genetic testing in civil proceedings in order to prove the fact of the influence of the inherited gene on deviant behavior. In carrying out this study, the authors used a significant number of Russian and foreign sources of scientific literature. General and specific scientific methods of cognition, including the formal legal and comparative legal method, were used as research methods
Russian Language in Kazakhstan: Specific Learning and Functioning in the Context of Interlingual Interaction
Authors: Zhuravleva Yevgeniya A. , Agmanova Atirkul E.
Published: March 2021

The diversity and specificity of cultures and languages of ethnic groups, living on the territory of Kazakhstan, create a special socio-cultural context of the Eurasian space, demonstrating the model of modern interethnic linguistic and socio-cultural interaction. Uniqueness of social and communicative space of the country, characterized by the dominance of the state Kazakh and Russian languages - languages of two large ethnic groups - against a background of great linguistic diversity, determines the significance of the study of their interaction and mutual influence in the context of a multicultural society. This paper analyzes the issues of language interaction in polyethnic state, forms and methods of foreign language influence on Russian language. The issues of learning and functioning of the Russian language are considered as a native and as a second languauge. Active processes due to features of the interaction of the Kazakh and Russian languages are analyzed as 1) speech activity of ethnic Russians; 2) Russian speech of other ethnic groups; 3) learning and using Russian language by repatriates-Kazakhs and foreign citizens.
Transculturalism and Its Manifestation in the Poetics of Lyric Texts
Authors: Temirgazina Zifa K.
Published: March 2021

Using the example of the work of the Soviet Russian poet Pavel Nikolaevich Vasilyev, the author shows the representation of transcultural aesthetics in a literary text created in Russian by a Russian author, formed in the conditions of the borderline coexistence of two cultures: Russian and Kazakh. His works can be classified as borderland literature, in which the combination of the Russianlanguage discourse and the paradigm of the steppe, nomadic culture generates a hybrid text with a peculiar artistic aesthetics and poetics, which can be traced at the external and internal deep levels. The I of the author with borderline thinking has a stable ethnic identity, while openly showing its bicultural affiliation, which is quite consistent with the thesis about the flexibility of the cultural identity of a transcultural poet or writer. At the external text level of works of art, transculturalism finds expression in themes, in exoticisms, in foreign language insertions. The transcultural essence of the authors consciousness generates hybrid texts containing symbiotic verbal images and techniques that demonstrate hybrid canons and symbols (symbols of wormwood, horse), incorporating elements of Kazakh and Russian cultural stereotypes and codes (stereotypical ideas about the Asian appearance of Kazakhs), which coexist without conflict in the artistic picture of the world of Vasilyev. As a result, a poetic picture of the world, unique in aesthetics, enriched with the paradigms of two different cultures, which is the property of the Russian cultural space, appears.
Immediate recall as a secondary text: Referential parameters, pragmatics and propositions
Authors: Petrova Anna A. , Solnyshkina Marina I.
Published: March 2021

Since the process of recalling combines comprehension and speech production, it is viewed as an extremely complex though understudied linguo-cognitive phenomenon. Recalls as secondary texts or text derivatives are also considered to be a good material to explore cognitive aspects of secondary texts production, information conversion procedures and types of transformations of primary texts. The notion of secondary texts also implies multiplicity, as an original text may be retranslated into numerous secondary texts different in quality and degree of completeness. The purpose of the study is to model the propositional secondary retold texts and to identify the specifics of the recipients interpretation of the main event in the text. It is aimed at discriminating the differences between the primary expository text and its 134 immediate recalls produced by 15-year old native Russian speakers. In order to reveal the specifics of the propositional content of a primary expository text and its recalls, their recipients used the following methodological operations: the description and interpretation of the semantic roles of the first and second arguments aligned to predicates on the basis of the verbs semantic properties; the employment of the psycholinguistic model of the utterances generation; the characteristic of memory as a complex of cognitive and mnemic processes; the definition of cognitive-semantic discourse structures; and the understanding of a proposition as a stable component of an utterance independent of the surface grammar. The comparison of the original text and its recalls with the use of innovative denotative maps enabled us to define successful and unsuccessful expression of propositional structures and the main idea of the original text. The classification of texts includes four groups based on the number of the reproduced propositions and types (weak or successful) of the reflection of the primary text denotative card. The authors designed and successfully implemented an innovative 11 stage-algorithm of revealing patterns of a printed text comprehension and its immediate recalls including the primary visual perception of the text, its primary interpretation, reading, encoding, reflection, preparation for an oral presentation, desobjectivation (distribution of semantic roles), interpretation, reflection, oral implementation and text. The work fills in certain gaps in the research, such as the specifics of immediate recalls production, identification of changes in propositional structures of immediate recalls, and expanding the corpus of semantic roles similar to Frame Net. The findings can be successfully applied in natural language processing and linguistic didactics.
Review of Boris Norman. 2020. Language categories in the consciousness and creativity of the Russian poet. Berlin: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-631-81797-1
Authors: Patroeva Natalia V.
Published: March 2021

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“Can we take a picture with you?” The realization of the refusal speech act with tourists by Emirati speakers
Authors: Deveci Tanju , Midraj Jessica
Published: March 2021

Effective communication between people from different cultures requires not only the ability to speak a common language but also an awareness of sociocultural rules and sociolinguistics features, an important one being speech acts the realization of which realization by Emirati non-native speakers of English has not been studied sufficiently. This paper investigates a particularly face-threatening speech act - refusals. It explores Emiratis comfort level and the use of the refusal speech act in communicative exchanges with unknown tourists. The data set consisted of 94 participant responses to a pre-instructional activity in an introductory linguistics class. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data sets. The key findings suggest that both male and female participants were rather comfortable conversing with a tourist couple that they had never met, but male participants reported being more at ease accepting the couples request to take a photo with the tourists at a statistically significant level. While more than half of the participants reported willingness to take the photo with the tourists, approximately 41.5% would decline such a request, with significantly more females declining the request. The most frequent components of the refusal speech act included a statement of regret, a thank-you note, and an excuse, reason, or explanation. Results also showed that linguistic devices for positive politeness purposes were used rather sparingly, and it was mainly the females who used them. Based on the results, it is helpful for visitors to the UAE to be mindful of Emiratis' sociocultural and sociolinguistic behaviors so that the nuances of communication can be understood and responses are appropriate, which can reduce the likelihood of communication breakdowns and increase the well-being of all involved in the interaction.
Semantics in the time of coronavirus: “Virus”, “bacteria”, “germs”, “disease” and related concepts
Authors: Goddard Cliff , Wierzbicka Anna
Published: March 2021

This study proposes Natural Semantic Metalanguage semantic explications for the English words virus (in two senses), bacteria, germs, and for the related words sick, ill, and disease. We concentrate on their nave or folk meanings (Apresjan 1992) in everyday English, as opposed to scientific or semi-scientific meanings. In this way, the paper makes a start on uncovering the folk epidemiology embedded in the English lexicon. The semantics of words like virus, bacteria and germs is not, however, a purely academic matter. It is also a matter of effective health education and health communication. To reach people at a time of an epidemic, explanations need to connect with ordinary peoples ways of thinking and speaking. This paper argues that the simple and cross-translatable words of NSM, and minimal languages based on it, can be effective tools not only for linguistic semantics but also for education and communication everywhere - at the local school and in the world at large.
Metapragmatics and genre: Connecting the strands
Authors: Molodychenko Evgeni N. , Spitzmüller Jürgen
Published: March 2021

Genre analysis involves at least a foray into the social/contextual dimension framing genre-exemplars. One way to explore this dimension is drawing on the concept of metapragmatics, which is primarily associated with (American) linguistic anthropology. However, with a few exceptions, genre studies have not consistently operationalized metapragmatics, either theoretically or practically. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to explore one possible angle of such operationalization by means of studying discourse fragments reflecting on fragments of (these very or other) discourses (so-called metapragmatic discourses) vis--vis any generic properties of the reflected discourse. Specifically, we analyzed comments sections for a number of YouTube videos exemplifying several lifestyle genres. The results indicate that generic references can range from simply using a generic label to refer to the discourse in question (as a token of a certain type/genre) to actually discussing the generic characteristics of the genre it instantiates, as well as projecting certain (generic) metapragmatic stances. Another observation is that different wordings used by the discourse community to refer to generic models can be, as it were, proper generic labels, but they can also be words and phrases that would hardly qualify as proper names of genres from an analysts point of view. Both these proper and other - genre-like - labels are also often used in conjunction with or are replaced by other ways of metapragmatically referring to what the speaker does or even what they are in/by dint of using the discourse in question. This suggests that any generic labels or cues are just part of a large pool of other possible metapragmatic meanings, knowledge, and ideologies circulating in discourse communities. More broadly, the results may indicate that genre studies should see genre as an even less stabilized entity because what a genre is depends on what people who actually use it make of it, as well as augment their standard toolkits with methods aimed at exploring metapragmatic discourse.
The impact of COVID-19 on the consumers’ behaviour: The case of Republic of Kosovo economy
Authors: Ziberi Besime , Rexha Donat , Gashi Rrezarta
Published: March 2021

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on personal consumption expenditures (PCE) in the case of Kosovo. Labor factor has been considered as the holder of the economic activity, however, manpower, namely its broader term population is at the same time the user of the product and the services, i.e., the result of the economic activity (Škuflić & Šokčević, 2010) Taking into consideration that COVID-19 is harming the labor market and in economic activity in general, we also consider that this situation is affecting the personal consumption expenditures in case of Kosovo, domestic demand, supported by low-interest rates and strong employment growth, will remain the main driver of growth (OECD, 2018). To analyze the importance of personal consumption expenditure in the case of Kosovo during the COVID-19 pandemic we used secondary data from World Bank documents and primary data collected via an online questionnaire that was randomly distributed using social media with a sample of 233 respondents. The data analysis concludes descriptive statistics, frequency tables and charts, Pearson correlation, Cronbach’s alpha, and Chi-square test. To conduct the results, the SPSS program is used. The study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted personal consumption expenditures and shifted the consumption from luxury to essential products. The study also concludes that citizens will realize the pre-planned expenditures as soon as the anti-COVID-19 measures will be released.
Analysis of growing season carbon and water fluxes of a subalpine wetland in the Canadian Rocky Mountains: implications of shade on ecosystem water use efficiency
Authors: Hrach Dylan , Petrone Richard , Green Adam , Khomik Myroslava
Published: March 2021

Mountain regions are an important regulator in the global water cycle
through their disproportionate water contribution. Often referred to as
the “Water Towers of the World”, mountains contribute 40 to 60% of
the world’s annual surface flow. Shade is a common feature in mountains,
where complex terrain cycles land surfaces in and out of shadows over
daily and seasonal scales. This study investigated turbulent water and
carbon dioxide fluxes over the snow-free period in a subalpine wetland
in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, from June 7th to September 10th, 2018.
Shading had a significant and substantial effect on water and carbon
fluxes at our site. Each hourly increase of shade per day reduced
evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP) by 0.42 mm
and 0.77 gCm-2, equivalent to 17% and 15% per day, respectively, over
the entire study period. However, during only peak growing season, when
leaves were fully out and mature, shade caused by the local complex
terrain, reduced ET and increased GPP, likely due to enhanced diffuse
radiation. The overall result was increased water use efficiency at the
site during periods of increased shading during the peak growing season.
In addition to incoming solar radiation (Rg), temporal variability in ET
was found to relate to temporal variability in soil temperature,
moisture and vapour pressure deficit. Shade impacted the curvature and
intercept of the nonlinear ET-Rg relationship at our site. In contrast,
temporal variability in GPP at our site was dependent largely on Rg
only. Our findings suggest that shaded subalpine wetlands can store
large volumes of water for late season runoff and are productive through
short growing seasons.
New-onset guttate psoriasis secondary to COVID-19
Authors: rouai meriem , Rabhi Faten , Jaber Kahena , Dhaoui Raouf
Published: March 2021

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19), is
associated with flares of psoriasis in patients with well-documented
disease. Both viral infection and medications used for treatment, like
hydroxychloroquine, were incriminated. Herein, we report the case of a
25-year-old patient who presented a first-onset guttate psoriasis
following COVID19.
The first symptoms of cardiac reverse remodeling and clinical improvement after one-month, low-dose of Sacubitril-Valsartan therapy
Authors: Sacharczuk Wioletta , Dankowski Rafał , Sowińska Anna , Baszko Artur , Szyszka Andrzej
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Little is known about reverse cardiac remodeling (CRR)
under the low-dose S/V therapy. Methods: In 37 patients (mean age
64.5±17.5 years, five females) 24/26mg S/V BID was started. After one
month of observation, the following CRR parameters improved: LVEDD
(-∆2,9±2.6mm, p<0.01), LVESD (-∆ 2,4±2.5mm, p<0.01),
LVEDV(-∆14.6±33.1ml, p=0.04), LVESV (-∆13.4±30.6ml, p=0.04), LAVI
(-∆8.7±37.7ml/m2, p<0.01), and EROA (-∆ 0.09 ± 0,01cm2;
p=0.03). In opposite to LVEF global longitudinal strain (GLS) changed
from -6.6% to -7.9% (absolute improvement of 16%, p
<0.001). Walked distance in 6-MWT ( +∆65.4 ± 75.8 m, p
<0.001), and the quality of life (MLHFQ 22 vs 16 scores,
p<0.01) improved. Decreasing NT-proBNP (-∆
1,203,1±3,121,4pg/ml, p=0.03) and troponin T (-∆ 4.7±9.4pg/ml, p=0.004)
were observed. Correlation between GLS and LVESV (r = -0,43, p = 0.027)
was found. ROC curve analysis showed that GLS cut-off value -8% is a
good predictor of clinical improvement (6MWT: AUC 0.69 p=0.04) and CRR
(MRvol: AUC:0.74 p=0.01; LAVI: AUC 0.71 p=0.04). Conclusion: One-month,
low-dose (24/26 mg BID) S/V therapy initiates CRR. GLS’s ability to
evaluate LV function is better than LVEF’s. S/V should be started early
as patients with symptomatic HFrEF and less impaired LV systolic
function (GLS <-8%) are more likely to develop CRR and
clinical improvement.
Spatial molecular heterogeneity of POM during decomposition at different soil depths resolved by VNIR hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Guigue Julien , Just Christopher , Luo Siwei , Fogt Marta , Schloter Michael , Kögel-Knabner Ingrid , Hobley Eleanor
Published: March 2021

Soil organic matter is composed of fractions with different functions
and reactivity. Among these, particulate organic matter (POM) is the
main educt of new inputs of organic matter in soils and its chemical
fate corresponds to the first stages of the SOM decomposition cascade
ultimately leading to the association of organic and mineral phases. We
aimed at investigating the POM molecular changes during decomposition at
a sub-millimetre scale by combining direct measurements of POM elemental
and molecular composition with laboratory imaging VNIR spectroscopy. For
this, we set up an incubation experiment to compare the molecular
composition of straw and composted green manure, materials greatly
differing in their C/N ratio, during their decomposition in
reconstituted topsoil or subsoil of a Luvisol, and recorded
hyperspectral images at high spatial and spectral resolutions of
complete soil cores at the start and end of the incubation.

Hyperspectral imaging was successfully combined with machine learning
ensembles to produce a precise mapping of POM alkyl/O-N alkyl ratio and
C/N, revealing the spatial heterogeneity in the composition of both
straw and green manure. We found that both types of organic amendment
were more degraded in the reconstituted topsoil than in subsoil after
the incubation. We also measured consistent trends in molecular changes
undergone by straw, with the alkyl/O-N alkyl ratio slightly increasing
from 0.06 to 0.07, and C/N dropping by about 40 units. The green manure
material was very heterogeneous, with no clear molecular changes
detected as a result of incubation.

The visualisation approach presented here enables high-resolution
mapping of the spatial distribution of the molecular characteristics of
organic particles in soil cores, and offers opportunities to disentangle
the roles of POM chemistry and morphology during the first steps of the
decomposition cascade of organic matter in soils.
Pediatric visceral leishmaniasis: diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Samodova O. V. , Volkova I. I. , Smirnova G. P. , Pyatlina T. V. , Smetanina E. I. , Khovanova Yu. L. , Morozova A. V.
Published: March 2021

Visceral leishmaniasis is a generalized infection of the reticuloendothelial system, it is fatal if left untreated in most cases. Early diagnosis and effective therapy can reduce the risk of disability and mortality. However, in non-endemic areas diagnosis may be delayed or missed. In the article we presented a case report of a child with imported visceral leishmaniasis. The gradual onset of the disease with irregular fever, growing weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, anemia, cytopenic syndrome required differential diagnosis with oncological diseases. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis was made by microscopy of a bone marrow smear and the detection of leishmania. Recovery occurred after the prolonged course of amphotericin B and supportive treatment.
Chronicle
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: March 2021

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The influence of genetic factors on the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of antiretroviral therapy in patients with hiv infection
Authors: Kanestri V. G. , Shakhgildyan V. I. , Kravchenko A. V. , Konnov D. S. , Popova A. A.
Published: March 2021

This article provides an overview of the existing literature on the pharmacogenetic determinants of exposure and toxicity of antiretroviral drugs, as well as on genetic markers associated with the rate of disease progression. In addition, this article looks at current clinical opportunities as well as genetics in HIV drug development. Large-scale, integrated approaches to the genome are expected to significantly change the knowledge landscape in the future.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Gusarov V. G. , Zamyatin M. N. , Kamyshova D. A. , Fomina V. S. , Abovich Yu. A. , Lovtsevich N. V. , Bronov O. Yu. , Petrova L. V. , Sysoeva T. S. , Vasilashko V. I. , Shadrivova O. V. , Klimko N. N.
Published: March 2021

A retrospective analysis of the medical data of 12 patients with COVID-19 was performed. For the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis the international criteria ECMM/ISHAM 2020 were used. We analyzed the scientific literature data on the diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients with COVID-19.

Results. Among the 12 examined patients with a severe course of COVID-19, invasive aspergillosis was diagnosed in 5 patients. Four patients (80%) were treated in the ICU. Steroids or interleukin-6 inhibitors were used in 80% patients. Severe lymphocytopenia was in 80% patients, neutropenia 20%. A fever refractory to antibiotic therapy was noted in 80% patients, an increase in respiratory failure – 60%, acute respiratory distress syndrome – 60%. All patients showed negative dynamics of changes in the chest CT scan. Invasive aspergillosis was confirmed with a positive test for galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage and / or serum in 100% of cases. All patients received antifungal therapy with voriconazole and/or caspofungin. The overall 12-week survival rate was 80%.

Conclusion. In ICU patients with severe COVID-19 and progressive pulmonary symptoms invasive aspergillosis should be excluded. Examination of substrates from the lower respiratory tract (BAL, tracheal aspirate, or nonbronchoscopic lavage) is necessary. Laboratory examination should include microscopy, culture and test for galactomannan. Voriconazole and isavuconazole are drugs of choice for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients with COVID-19.
Sørensen’s Bataille: Notes on the ‘apolitical’
Authors: Benjamin Andrew
Published: March 2021

In Capitalism, Alienation and Critique, part of the development of Asger
S?rensen?s overall argument is a disagreement with Georges Bataille. The
crux of the argument is that Bataille?s thinking - especially his conception
of subjectivity - is ?apolitical?. The aim of this paper is to investigate
the force of this claim. What does it mean for a position - albeit a
philosophical one - to be ?apolitical??
Classical critical theory, epistemological dialectics and general economy. Reply to criticism raised in Belgrade and Shanghai
Authors: Sørensen Asger
Published: March 2021

In my response, I initially defend my preference for classical Critical
Theory, emphasizing its continued relevance in capitalist modernity,
stressing that the epistemological approach does not imply dogmatism with
regards to scientific theory or Historical Materialism, just as it does not
imply closure with regards to political democracy. When it comes to the
dialectics of the classics, I also defend an epistemological approach,
arguing that the dialectics aiming for truth implies critique and
negativity. However, confronted with the duality of transcendental ideas and
historical relativity, I express my confidence in human intuition. Following
Hegel, determinate negation must sublate the intuitively conceived
universality to a new conception that contains the result of the negation.
Finally, I do not see how the conceptual aporias of general economy can be
solved by the current political degrowth project. Still, politics is what we
need more of, namely social democracy.
Perfectionism and endorsement constraint
Authors: Sládecek Michal
Published: March 2021

The article deals with Hurka?s critique of Kymlicka and Arneson?s critique of
Dworkin on endorsement constraint thesis, according to which a person cannot
have a valuable life if values are imposed on her - primarily by state
action - overriding her preferences and convictions on the good life. This
thesis has often been identified with neutral liberalism and counterposed to
perfectionism. The text argues against Hurka?s and Arneson?s argument that
mild coercion and paternalistic reduction of trivial, bad or worthless
options can indeed bring about a more valuable life. Their argument does not
acknowledge adequately the difference between coercion from a person?s
immediate social environment and state coercion, which are not equally
legitimate. My critique, however, does not exclude the legitimacy of
perfectionistic measures, as a person could accept as justified state
intervention concerning the support of particular values or goods, while at
the same time not endorsing those values and goods. Not all endorsed goods
or activities should be treated equally, as more relevant and valuable ones
can be legitimately supported by particular policy.
The pandemic as history
Authors: Milovic Miroslav
Published: March 2021

The author finds the possibility of overcoming the current liberal-capitalist
system in a different conception of time, which requires a different
attitude towards both the past and the future. The paper begins with an
analysis of the Benjamin?s critique of Marx, followed by analysis of
Derrida?s critique of Benjamin and finally Derrida?s critique of Marx.
Benjamin points out the problem of teleological understanding of time, the
understanding that the meaning of events comes only from the future, which
is present in Marx, and which prevents us from escaping the ?circle? of
violence. Although he relies on Benjamin?s conception of time, the author
seeks to transcend the understanding of law as something separate from
justice, and law as violence. Therefore, the paper turns to Derrida and his
understanding of the law, eventually providing new possibilities for
understanding and constituting the left, social theory, but also critical
thinking today.
Equivalent conditions for digital covering maps
Authors: Pakdaman Ali , Zakki Mehdi
Published: March 2021

It is known that every digital covering map p:(E,k) ? (B,?) has the
unique path lifting property. In this paper, we show that its inverse is
true when the continuous surjective map p has no conciliator point. Also, we
prove that a digital (k,?)-continuous surjection p:(E,k)? (B,?) is a
digital covering map if and only if it is a local isomorphism, when all
digital spaces are connected. Moreover, we find out a loop criterion for a
digital covering map to be a radius n covering map.
The fixed point property of the infinite K-sphere in the set Con*((Z2)*)
Authors: Hana Sang-Eon
Published: March 2021

In this paper the Alexandroff one point compactification of the 2-dimensional
Khalimsky (K-, for brevity) plane (resp. the 1-dimensional Khalimsky line)
is called the infinite K-sphere (resp. the infinite K-circle). The present
paper initially proves that the infinite K-circle has the fixed point
property (FPP, for short) in the set Con(Z*), where Con(Z*) means the set of
all continuous self-maps f of the infinite K-circle. Next, we address the
following query which remains open: Under what condition does the infinite
K-sphere have the FPP? Regarding this issue, we prove that the infinite
K-sphere has the FPP in the set Con*((Z2)*) (see Definition 1.1). Finally,
we compare the FPP of the infinite K-sphere and that of the infinite
M-sphere, where the infinite M-sphere means the one point compactification
of the Marcus-Wyse topological plane.
Sup-hesitant fuzzy quasi-associative ideals of BCI-algebras
Authors: Harizavi Habib , Jun Young
Published: March 2021

The notion of Sup-hesitant fuzzy quasi-associative ideal in BCI-algebras is
introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of
Sup-hesitant fuzzy quasi-associative ideal are provided. Relations between
Sup-hesitant fuzzy ideal and Sup-hesitant fuzzy quasi-associative ideal are
displayed. Conditions for a Sup-hesitant fuzzy ideal to be a Sup-hesitant
fuzzy quasi-associative ideal are provided. Extension property for
Sup-hesitant fuzzy quasi-associative ideal is established.