bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between iliopsoas muscle surface pressure and implant alignment after total hip arthroplasty: a cadaveric study
Authors: Tamaki Yasuaki , Goto Tomohiro , Iwase Joji , Wada Keizo , Omichi Yasuyuki , Hamada Daisuke , Tsuruo Yoshihiro , Sairyo Koichi
Published: March 2023

Iliopsoas impingement after total hip arthroplasty is caused by the implant irritating the iliopsoas muscle, but changes in the iliopsoas muscle have not been quantitatively evaluated. This study assessed changes in the surface pressure of the iliopsoas muscle when the implant alignment was varied. Total hip arthroplasty was performed in 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric hips. We evaluated the maximum and mean surface pressure of the iliopsoas muscle with the hip in 20° and 10° extension, the neutral position, and 10° flexion when the anterior cup protrusion length (ACPL), stem version, and stem offset were varied. When the ACPL was changed to 0, 3, and 6 mm in 20° extension, the maximum surface pressure was significantly increased for ACPL of 6 mm compared with 0 mm. Decreased stem anteversion resulted in a significant reduction in both the maximum and mean surface pressure compared with native anteversion from 20° extension to the neutral position. Increased stem offset resulted in significant increases in the maximum and mean surface pressure of the iliopsoas muscle compared with decreased stem offset in 20° extension. Not only large ACPL but also changes in stem version and offset affected the maximum surface pressure of the iliopsoas muscle.
Water uptake and energetics of the formation of barium zirconate based multicomponent oxides
Authors: Mielewczyk-Gryń Aleksandra , Subramani Tamilarasan , Jaworski Daniel , Lilova Kristina , Skubida Wojciech , Navrotsky Alexandra , Gazda Maria
Published: March 2023

A group of multi-component oxides based on BaZrO3 have been prepared using a solid-state reaction method and examined in terms of their water uptake and thermodynamics of formation.
Investigation of chemoconvection in vibration fields
Authors: Kozlov Nikolai , Mosheva Elena
Published: March 2023

By interfering with density inhomogeneities induced by the neutralisation reaction, oscillating inertial fields (e.g. vibrations) can alter the evolution of a reactive system.
Oral intake of collagen peptide NS improves hydration, elasticity, desquamation, and wrinkling in human skin: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Lee Miyeong , Kim Eunjoung , Ahn Hyunwoo , Son Seokjun , Lee Hyunjun
Published: March 2023

Collagen hydrolysate, which contains bioactive peptides, is used as a dietary supplement for the refinement of elasticity, hydration, desquamation, and wrinkling of aging human skin.
Preparation of a self-supported nickel–aluminum–cobalt phosphating electrode and its electrocatalytic performance in total water decomposition
Authors: Zhou Qi , Jia JinJin , Huang GuanRu , Feng ChenChen
Published: March 2023

Using NiAl LDH prepared through a hydrothermal synthesis method and oxidation, doping of Co, and phosphorization through the CVD process, SS NAC P-X is obtained.
Ru-based monolithic catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds
Authors: Zhao Yemin , Xi Chao , Gao Shan , Wang Yuejun , Wang Haiqiang , Sun Pengfei , Wu Zhongbiao
Published: March 2023

In this study, a series of cordierite monolithic catalysts with Ru species supported on different low-cost available carriers were prepared and investigated for the degradation of CVOCs.
A unified approach to benzo[c]phenanthridines via the cascade dual-annulation/formylation of 2-alkynyl/alkenylbenzonitriles
Authors: Verma Shalini , Kumar Manoj , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: March 2023

A base-mediated cascade annulation and formylation of 2-alkenyl/alkynylbenzonitriles with 2-methyl benzonitriles have been established for the construction of fused phenanthridines and phenanthrolines.
Reconfigurable scaffolds for adaptive tissue regeneration
Authors: Peng Mingxing , Zhao Qilong , Wang Min , Du Xuemin
Published: March 2023

A minireview of reconfigurable scaffolds for adaptive tissue regeneration.
Correction: Electrochemical tandem cyclization to access sulfonylated fused sultams via SO2 insertion with sodium metabisulfite
Authors: Sun Yun-Hai , Li Cheng-Jing , Xi Ji-Ming , Wei Zhong-Lin , Liao Wei-Wei
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Electrochemical tandem cyclization to access sulfonylated fused sultams via SO2 insertion with sodium metabisulfite’ by Yun-Hai Sun et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2023, 10, 705–711, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2QO01821G.
60 years of the Colworth Medal
Authors: Ollett Lucy
Published: March 2023

The Colworth Medal is an esteemed annual award for outstanding research by a young biochemist of any nationality who has carried out the majority of their work in the UK or Republic of Ireland. Donated in 1963 by Unilever Research Colworth Laboratory, the award is made to an early-career scientist who is within 10 years of receiving their highest qualification. Interviews with past winners from 1963 to 2013 were previously published throughout 2013. To celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Colworth Medal, interviews with our latest winners will appear in The Biochemist throughout 2023. In this issue, we will hear from Dr M. Madan Babu (2014) and Professor Helen Walden (2015).
Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) inhibits lung endothelial regeneration following inflammation-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Chen Xiaorui , Qi Di , Fan Shulei , He Yirui , Jing Hekun , Wang Daoxin
Published: March 2023

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a respiratory condition caused by severe endothelial barrier dysfunction within the lung. In ARDS, excessive inflammation, tissue edema, and immune cell influx prevents endothelial cell regeneration that is crucial in repairing the endothelial barrier. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism that underpin endothelial cell regeneration in ARDS.

Methods: R-based bioinformatics tools were used to analyze microarray-derived transcription profiles in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) subjected to non-treatment or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. We generated endothelial cell-specific interferon regulatory factor 1 (Irf1) knockout (Irf1EC-/−) and Irf1fl/fl control mice for use in an endotoxemic murine model of acute lung injury (ALI). In vitro studies (qPCR, immunoblotting, and ChIP-qPCR) were conducted in mouse lung endothelial cells (MLECs) and HLMVECs. Dual-luciferase promoter reporter assays were performed in HLMVECs.

Results: Bioinformatics analyses identified IRF1 as a key up-regulated gene in HLMVECs post-LPS exposure. Endothelial-specific knockout of Irf1 in ALI mice resulted in enhanced regeneration of lung endothelium, while liposomal delivery of endothelial-specific Irf1 to wild-type ALI mice inhibited lung endothelial regeneration in a leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif)-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that LPS-induced Stat1Ser727 phosphorylation promotes Irf1 transactivation, resulting in downstream up-regulation of Lif that inhibits endothelial cell proliferation.

Conclusions: These results demonstrate the existence of a p-Stat1Ser727-Irf1-Lif axis that inhibits lung endothelial cell regeneration post-LPS injury. Thus, direct inhibition of IRF1 or LIF may be a promising strategy for enhancing endothelial cell regeneration and improving clinical outcomes in ARDS patients.
Fast geolocation solution for bistatic interferometric synthetic aperture radar configuration of inclined geosynchronous transmitter with low earth orbit receivers
Authors: Dai Chao , Tian Feng , Suo Zhiyong
Published: March 2023

Spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology is an effective method to obtain digital elevation model (DEM) data. The bistatic InSAR configuration of the inclined‐geosynchronous (InGEO) transmitter with low earth orbit (LEO) receivers (InGEO‐LEO) is a novel InSAR system to acquire terrain information. This novel system is characterised with high resolution, wide swath and timeliness, but the Newton iterative method is time‐consuming to solve the bistatic InSAR equations for fast DEM generation. For the conventional LEO bistatic InSAR system, the closed‐form solution is an effective method to improve the efficiency of solving InSAR equations, which is invalid in the InGEO‐LEO InSAR system because of the significant geometry difference caused by the orbits of InGEO transmitter and LEO receivers. To address this issue, we analyse the bistatic InGEO‐LEO geometry in detail and exploit the bistatic InSAR equations to propose an approximate closed‐form solution (ACS) for the novel system. Compared with the general Newton iterative method, the ACS significantly improves the efficiency of geolocation for the bistatic InGEO‐LEO InSAR system with high precision. Simulation experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness and superiority of ACS.
Migration of pairs of giant planets in low-viscosity discs
Authors: Griveaud P. , Crida A. , Lega E.
Published: March 2023

Context. When considering the migration of Jupiter and Saturn, a classical result is to find the planets migrating outwards and locked in the 3:2 mean motion resonance (MMR). These results were obtained in the framework of viscously accreting discs, in which the observed stellar accretion rates constrained the viscosity values. However, it has recently been shown observationally and theoretically that discs are probably less viscous than previously thought.

Aims. Therefore, in this paper, we explore the dynamics of pairs of giant planets in low-viscosity discs.

Methods. We performed two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations using the grid-based code FARGOCA.

Results. In contrast to classical viscous discs, we find that the outer planet never crosses the 2:1 resonance and the pair does not migrate outwards. After a wide parameter exploration, including the mass of the outer planet, we find that the planets are primarily locked in the 2:1 MMR and in some cases in the 5:2 MMR. We explain semi-analytically why it is not possible for the outer planet to cross the 2:1 MMR in a low-viscosity disc.

Conclusions. We find that pairs of giant planets migrate inwards in low-viscosity discs. Although, in some cases, having a pair of giant planets can slow down the migration speed with respect to a single planet. Such pairs of slowly migrating planets may be located, at the end of the disc phase, in the population of exoplanets of ’warm Jupiters’. However, the planets never migrate outwards. These results could have strong implications on the Solar System’s formation scenarios if the Sun’s protoplanetary disc had a low viscosity.
The co-evolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies in luminous AGN over a wide range of redshift
Authors: Mountrichas George
Published: March 2023

It is well known that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies co-evolve. A manifestation of this co-evolution is the correlation that has been found between the SMBH mass, MBH, and the galaxy bulge or stellar mass, M*. The cosmic evolution of this relation, though, is still a matter of debate. In this work, we examine the MBH − M* relation, using 687 X-ray luminous (median log [LX,2−10 keV(erg s−1)] = 44.3), broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGN), at 0.2 <  z <  4.0 (median z ≈ 1.4) that lie in the XMM-XXL field. Their MBH and M* range from 7.5 <  log [MBH (M⊙)] <  9.5 and 10 <  log [M*(M⊙)] <  12, respectively. Most of the AGN live in star-forming galaxies and their Eddington ratios range from 0.01 to 1, with a median value of 0.06. Our results show that MBH and M* are correlated (r = 0.47 ± 0.21, averaged over different redshift intervals). Our analysis also shows that the mean ratio of the MBH and M* does not evolve with redshift, at least up to z = 2 and has a value of log(MBH/M*)= − 2.44. The majority of the AGN (75%) are in a SMBH mass growth-dominant phase. In these systems, the MBH − M* correlation is weaker and their M* tends to be lower (for the same MBH) compared to systems that are in a galaxy mass growth phase. Our findings suggest that the growth of black hole mass occurs first, while the early stellar mass assembly may not be so efficient.
Anomalous enhancement of dilepton production due to soft modes in dense quark matter
Authors: Nishimura Toru , Kitazawa Masakiyo , Kunihiro Teiji
Published: March 2023

We explore how the dilepton production rate is modified near the critical temperature of color superconductivity and QCD critical point by the soft modes inherently associated with the phase transitions of second-order. It is shown that the soft modes affect the photon self-energy significantly through so called the Aslamasov-Larkin, Maki-Thompson and density of states terms, which are known responsible for the paraconductivity in the metalic superconductivity, and cause an anomalous enhancement of the production rate in the low energy/momemtum region.
SQM2022: Theory Overview in Heavy-Ion Physics
Authors: Kapusta Joseph
Published: March 2023

An overview is presented of the many open, interesting questions regarding the behavior of matter at large temperatures and chemical potentials.
Phase diagram of the QCD Kondo effect and inactivation of the magnetic catalysis
Authors: Hattori Koichi , Suenaga Daiki , Suzuki Kei , Yasui Shigehiro
Published: March 2023

We investigate the QCD phase diagram in strong magnetic fields with heavy-quark impurities and determine the ground state within the mean-field analysis. The ground state is characterized by magnitudes of the pairing not only between the light quark and antiquark, i.e., chiral condensate, but also between the light quark and heavy-quark impurity, dubbed the Kondo condensate. We propose signatures of the interplay and/or competition between those two pairing phenomena reflected in the magnitude of the chiral condensate that is saturated with respect to the magnetic-field strength and anomalously increases with increasing temperature.
Measurements of collectivity in the forward region at LHCb
Authors: Corredoira Imanol
Published: March 2023

Due to its unique pseudorapidity coverage (2 < 77 < 5) and excellent performance at low pT, the LHCb detector provides measurements of two-particle correlation in a complementary region to other LHC experiments. Ongoing studies in flow at different collision systems and energies, pPb collisions at √SNN = 8 TeV, PbPb collisions at √SNN = 5 TeV, and Bose-Einstein correlations of identical pions for pPb collisions at √SNN = 5 TeV, are summarised.
Assessing critical point signatures through proton intermittency in NA61/SHINE
Authors: Davis Nikolaos
Published: March 2023

The search for experimental signatures of the critical point (CP) of strongly interacting matter is one of the main objectives of the NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN SPS. One such candidate observable is local fluctuations of the proton density in transverse space, constituting an order parameter of the chiral phase transition, and expected to scale according to a universal powerlaw in the vicinity of the CP. Its scaling can be probed through an intermittency analysis of the proton second scaled factorial moments (SSFMs) in transverse momentum space. The first such analysis [1] revealed power-law behavior in NA49 Si+Si collisions at 158A GeV/c, with a fitted exponent value consistent with the critical prediction, within errors.

In the present work, we discuss known challenges posed by standard intermittency analysis in the face of low to moderate event statistics, and propose a novel technique that solves them. We perform a scan of Monte Carlo models simulating alternative critical and background scenarios, and weigh them against experimental results; we explore the method’s efficacy on simulated data. Once adapted to the available NA61/SHINE systems, the method will allow us to obtain reliable confidence intervals for the intermittency index (power-law ex-ponent) ϕ2 compatible with the experimental data.
Local equilibrium and Lambda polarization in high energy heavy ion collisions
Authors: Palermo Andrea , Becattini Francesco , Buzzegoli Matteo , Inghirami Gabriele , Karpenko Iurii
Published: March 2023

The polarization of the Λ hyperon has become an important probe of the Quark-Gluon Plasma produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Recently, it has been found that polarization receives a substantial contribution from a local equilibrium term proportional to the symmetric derivative of the four-temperature vector, the thermal shear tensor. We show that, at very high energies, this term can restore the agreement between the experimental measurements and the predictions of the hydrodynamic model, provided that the hadronization hypersurface is isothermal. We review the theoretical derivation of this new term, discuss numerical computations at RHIC and LHC energies, and compare them with the experimental data. We also present the effect of feed-down corrections.
Fluctuations of conserved charges in hydrodynamics and molecular dynamics
Authors: Vovchenko Volodymyr
Published: March 2023

We present an overview of recent theoretical results on fluctuations of conserved charges in heavy-ion collisions obtained in relativistic hydrodynamics and molecular dynamics frameworks. In particular, we discuss the constraints on the location of the QCD critical point based on comparisons of experimental data on proton number cumulants with precision calculations of noncritical contributions. We also cover recent developments on critical fluctuations in molecular dynamics simulations.
Heavy-flavour jet properties and correlations from small to large systems measured by ALICE
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Antonio Carlos
Published: March 2023

The early production of heavy-flavour partons makes them an excellent probes for investigating the evolution of QCD systems. Jets tagged by the presence of a heavy-flavour hadron give access to the kinematics of the heavy partons and allow for comparisons of their production, propagation and fragmentation across different systems. Whilst traversing the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), charm and bottom quarks lose energy through interactions with the medium, at a different rate relative to light quarks and gluons. To constrain the energy loss in the QGP. the nuclear modification factor of D0-tagged jets is measured in the 0-10% most central Pb-Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 GeV/c. The properties of charm fragmentation are also investigated in pp collisions at √S = 5.02 GeV/c through measurements of the production and the momentum fraction of the D0 with respect to its jet.
Measurement of nonprompt and prompt D0 azimuthal anisotropy in Pb-Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV
Authors: Stojanovic Milan
Published: March 2023

Heavy quarks are primarily produced via initial hard scatterings, and thus carry information about the early stages of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy of the final-state heavy flavor hadrons provide information about the initial collision geometry, its fluctuation, and more importantly, the mass dependence of energy loss in QGP. Due to the larger bottom quark mass as compared to the charm quark mass, separate measurements of charm and bottom hadron azimuthal anisotropy can shed new light on understanding the dependence of the heavy quark and medium interaction. Because of the high branching ratio and large D0 mass, measurements of D0 meson coming from bottom hadron decay (nonprompt D0) can cover a broad kinematic range and be a good proxy of the parent bottom hadrons results. In this talk, we report on the prompt D0 and the first nonprompt D0 measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) coefficients of nonprompt D0 in PbPb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV. The measurements are performed as functions of transverse momentum pT, in three centrality classes, from central to midcentral collisions. Compared to the prompt D0 results, the nonprompt D0 v2 flow coefficients are systematically lower but have a similar dependence on pT and centrality. A non-zero v3 coefficient of the nonprompt D0 is observed. The obtained results are compared with theoretical predictions. The comparison could provide new constraints on the theoretical description of the interaction between heavy quarks and the medium.
Coalescence plus fragmentation approach for the hadronization mechanism of heavy hadrons from AA to pp collisions
Authors: Minissale Vincenzo , Plumari Salvatore , Greco Vincenzo
Published: March 2023

One of the present challenge for the theoretical understanding of heavy-quark hadronization is represented by the description of the measurements of heavy hadron production in pp, pA and AA collisions from RHIC to top LHC energies. The Λc/D0 ratio observed in AA collisions has a value of the order of the unity, and experimental measurements in pp collisions at both √S = 5.02 TeV and √S = 13 TeV have shown ratios for charm baryons Λc,Ξc0 and Ωc0 respect to D0 meson larger than that measured and expected in e+e−, ep collisions. We present an hadronization mechanism based on the coalescence and fragmentation processes, and the results obtained in AA collisions for D0 and Λc. related baryon to meson ratios at RHIC and LHC. We present moreover results obtained for the charmed hadron production in pp collisions at LHC energies assuming the formation of an hot QCD matter at finite temperature.We calculate the heavy baryon/meson ratio and the pT spectra of charmed hadrons D0. Λc0 and the recently measured Ξc baryon, finding an enhancement in comparison with the ratio observed for e+e−, ep collisions; with this approach we also predict a significant production of Qc.
Midrapidity cluster formation in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Bratkovskaya Elena , Glässel Susanne , Kireyeu Viktar , Aichelin Jörg , Bleicher Marcus , Blume Christoph , Coci Gabriele , Kolesnikov Vadim , Steinheimer Jan , Voronyuk Vadim
Published: March 2023

We study the production of clusters and hypernuclei at midrapidity employing the Parton-Hadron- Quantum-Molecular-Dynamics (PHQMD) approach, a microscopic n-body transport model based on the QMD propagation of the baryonic degrees of freedom with density dependent 2-body potential interactions. In PHQMD the cluster formation occurs dynamically, caused by the interactions. The clusters are recognized by the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) algorithm. We present the PHQMD results for cluster and hypernuclei formation in comparison with the available experimental data at relativistic energies. PHQMD allows to study the time evolution of formed clusters and the origin of their production, which helps to understand how such weakly bound objects are formed and survive in the rather dense and hot environment created in heavy-ion collisions. It offers therefore an explanation of the ’ice in the fire’ puzzle. To investigate whether this explanation of the ’ice in the fire’ puzzle applies only to the MST results we study also the deuterons production by coalescence. We embed MST and coalescence in the PHQMD and UrQMD transport approaches in order to obtain model independent results. We find that both clustering procedures give very similar results for the deuteron observables in the UrQMD as well as in the PHQMD environment. This confirms that our solution for the ’ice in the fire’ puzzle is common to MST and coalescence and independent of the transport approach.
Interpretation of particle yields in pp interactions at √S = 8.8, 12.3 and 17.3 GeV within statistical hadronization model
Authors: Matulewicz Tomasz , Piasecki Krzysztof
Published: March 2023

The statistical hadronization model ThermalFist was applied to numerous hadron yields measured in p+p collisions at √S = 8.8, 12.3 and 17.3 GeV, including recently published yields ofϕ-mesons, measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration. We consistently used the energy-dependent widths of Breit-Wigner mass distributions of hadronic resonances, as this approach was generally found to provide better agreement with experimental data. The well-established experimentalϕmeson yields are consequently accounted for (although neglecting this particle was found to improve the fit quality). The canonical treatment of particles with open strangeness with the grand canonical approach for non-strange particles gave a moderately reasonable agreement with the measured yields, only when the volume of strange particles was allowed to vary freely. In all the studied cases this volume is found to be greater than the canonical one.
Event-shape studies of strangeness production in √S = 13 TeV proton–proton collisions with ALICE
Authors: Nassirpour Adrian
Published: March 2023

The ALICE Collaboration has observed that the ratio of strange to non-strange hadron yields increases strongly with multiplicity in small collision systems at LHC energies. The origin of this effect is still not fully understood. Models need to incorporate final-state interactions to accommodate the new ALICE results, and require new measurements to discriminate between the various phenomenological descriptions.

Two different ALICE studies, aiming to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of strangeness production in high-multiplicity proton–proton (pp) collisions at √S = 13 TeV, are presented in this proceeding. First, the production of η and π0 are studied as a function of multiplicity, combining several analysis techniques, allowing a measurement for the neutral meson production over a vast transverse momentum (pT) range. This is followed by a measurement of π, K, ϕ, and Ξ as a function of the unweighed transverse spherocity SOPT=1, an event-shape observable which allows us to explore particle production in azimuthal topologies dominated by either hard or soft QCD processes. The results are compared to predictions from PYTHIA and EPOS-LHC.
Hypernuclei at relativistic energies
Authors: Dönigus Benjamin
Published: March 2023

This article summarizes some of the current theoretical developments and the experimental status of hypernuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and elementary collisions. In particular, the most recent results of hyperhydrogen of mass A = 3 and 4 are discussed. The highlight at SQM2022 in this perspective was the discovery of the anti-hyperhydrogen-4 by the STAR Collaboration, in a large data set consisting of different collision systems. Furthermore, the production yields of hyperhydrogen-4 and hyperhelium-4 from the STAR Collaboration can be described nicely by the thermal model when the excited states of these hypernuclei are taken into account. In contrast, the production measurements in small systems (pp and p–Pb) from the ALICE Collaboration tends to favour the coalescence model over the thermal description. New measurements from STAR, ALICE and HADES Collaborations of the properties, e.g. lifetime, of A = 3 and 4 hypernuclei give similar results of these properties. Also the anti-hyperhydrogen-4 lifetime is in rather good agreement with previous measurements. Interestingly, the new STAR measurement on the R3 value, that is connected to the branching ratio, points to a Λ separation energy that is below 100 keV but definitely consistent with the value of 130 keV assumed since the 70s.
Physics programme of the ALICE 3 experiment for the LHC Runs 5 and 6
Authors: Bailhache Raphaelle
Published: March 2023

Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are used to study the physics of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions, similar to those of the early universe. In such collisions a deconfined state of quarks and gluons, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), is formed. Nuclear collisions at the LHC provide access to the highest-temperature, longest-lived experimentally accessible QGP. After three years of Long Shutdown and intensive installation of detector and accelerator upgrades, ALICE is about to take data at a peak Pb–Pb collision rate of 50 kHz to further characterize the properties of the QGP. Even after the ambitious scientific programme for the upcoming Runs 3 and 4, open questions will remain. Therefore, a next-generation LHC heavy-ion experiment ALICE 3 is proposed for the 2030s. It should give access to next-level measurements of electromagnetic probes and heavy-flavour hadrons, including multi-charm states and exotic hadrons, inaccessible in the LHC Runs 3 and 4.
Status and Performance of sPHENIX Experiment
Authors: Okawa Hideki
Published: March 2023

sPHENIX is a state-of-the-art experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Hard probes are to be measured in p+p, p+Au and Au+Au collisions to understand the properties of the quark-gluon plasma. sPHENIX covers a wide range of physics programs: jet correlations and substructure, upsilon spectroscopy, open heavy flavor and cold quantum chromodynamics. It provides unique opportunities in the low transverse momentum region and also offer kinematic overlap with the Large Hadron Collider experiments. In these proceedings, the scientific mission of sPHENIX, detector design and key performance parameters are described, and expected projections of some measurements under consideration are presented.
Initial electromagnetic field dependence of photon-induced production in isobaric collisions at STAR
Authors: Shen Kaifeng
Published: March 2023

In these proceedings, we present the measurements of e+e− pair production at very low transverse momentum in 4496Ru + 4496Ru and 4096Zr + 4096Zr collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment. The electromagnetic field dependence of photon-induced production is studied for the first time, via comparisons between the measurements in isobaric collisions to the published results in Au+Au and U+U collisions. Taken the initial electromagnetic field dependence into account, the excess yield of e+e− pair production shows an impact parameter dependence. The results are also compared to model calculations based on EPA-QED, which describe the observed excess yields for different collision species.
SQM2022: Theoretical Summary
Authors: Müller Berndt
Published: March 2023

Written version of the theoretical summary lecture presented at the Strangeness in Quark Matter 2022 conference.
Körperliche Aktivität von Menschen mit Diabetes ist assoziiert mit geringerem Risiko für schwere Komplikationen
Authors: Keller Isabelle
Published: March 2023

Körperliche Aktivität ist ein Eckpfeiler im Diabetes-Management; es gibt jedoch nur wenige Evidenzsynthesen zum Zusammenhang zwischen körperlicher Aktivität und langfristigen diabetesbedingten schweren Komplikationen. Was „schlüssig“ scheint, konnte jetzt in einer großen Metaanalyse des Deutschen Diabetes-Zentrums (DDZ) als faktisch gegeben bewiesen werden 1.
Bonding: Förderung der Eltern-Kind-Bindung bei
Frühgeborenen – NIDCAP als interdisziplinäre
Herausforderung
Authors: Graf Joachim , Wetzel Natalie , Abele Harald , Plappert Claudia F.
Published: March 2023

Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich mit der Bedeutung des Bondings aus natur- und
sozialwissenschaftlicher Sicht auseinander und erörtert seine Wichtigkeit
für Hebammen. Darauf aufbauend stellt er das NIDCAP-Konzept zur
Förderung der Eltern-Kind-Bindung bei Frühgeborenen vor und
erläutert, welche Herausforderungen hieraus für alle beteiligten
Gesundheitsfachberufe entstehen.
Früherkennung und Prävention des Typ-1-Diabetes
Authors: Hofelich Anna , Marcus Benjamin A. , Achenbach Peter
Published: March 2023

Technologischer Fortschritt und das Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Immunpathogenese der Erkrankung Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 (T1D) haben zu Veränderungen in den präventiven und therapeutischen Ansätzen geführt. Diese zielen darauf ab, das Entstehen des Autoimmunprozesses zu verhindern oder dessen Voranschreiten zumindest zu verlangsamen bzw. die Zerstörung von Betazellen aufzuhalten oder hinauszuzögern. Die Zulassung erster Medikamente für den Einsatz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im fortgeschrittenen Frühstadium oder kurz nach klinischer Manifestation ist bereits in Aussicht 1.
Strahlentherapie oder Operation bei HPV-positiven Oropharynxkarzinomen? Die ORATOR2-Studie – ein Vergleich von Birnen und Äpfeln
Authors: Zech H. B. , Betz C. S. , Hoffmann T. K. , Klussmann J. P. , Deitmer T. , Guntinas-Lichius O.
Published: March 2023

Die ORATOR2-Studie war eine internationale, multizentrische, randomisierte Phase-II-Studie mit dem Ziel, das optimale Therapie-Deeskalationskonzept bei HPV-positiven Oropharynxkarzinomen im Frühstadium (T1–2, N0–2) zu erfassen. Die Patienten (n = 61) wurden entweder mittels transoraler Chirurgie und Neck Dissection behandelt oder mittels intensitätsmodulierter Strahlentherapie. Die Deeskalationskomponente beider Arme war eine Dosisreduktion der primären oder adjuvanten Strahlentherapie. Der primäre Endpunkt war das Gesamtüberleben. Dieses war im Bestrahlungsarm besser, was hauptsächlich durch 3 Todesfälle im Operationsarm bedingt war, hiervon 2 therapieassoziiert. Dies führte zum frühzeitigen Abbruch der Studie. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie/Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Onkologie warnt davor, die Studienergebnisse als mögliches Entscheidungskriterium für die Therapiewahl von HPV-positiven Oropharynxkarzinomen zu verwenden, angesichts der Schwächen der Studie insbesondere im Operationsarm (Sicherheitsabstand von 10 mm, streng empfohlene Nachresektion bei R1/knappen Resektionsrändern, keine freien/regionalen Transplantate zur Rekonstruktion, kaum Verwendung der Laserchirurgie, hohe Tracheotomierate). Kleine Patientenzahlen, eine sehr selektionierte Patientenkohorte und die kurze Nachbeobachtungszeit schränken die Aussagekraft der Studie weiter ein. Patienten mit HPV-assoziierten Oropharynxkarzinomen sollten aktuell keine deeskalierende (Strahlen-) Therapie außerhalb klinischer Studien erhalten. Bei der Entscheidung zwischen einem chirurgischen oder einem strahlentherapeutischen Vorgehen sollten Patienten nach interdisziplinärer Zustimmung eines Tumorboards über Vor- und Nachteile beider Modalitäten aufgeklärt werden, bis Ergebnisse klinisch relevanter Phase-III-Studien (bspw. EORTC 1420) vorliegen.
Dealkenylative Functionalizations: Conversion of Alkene C(sp3)–C(sp2) Bonds into C(sp3)–X Bonds via Redox-Based Radical Processes
Authors: Kwon Ohyun , Dehnert Brady W. , Dworkin Jeremy H.
Published: March 2023

This review highlights the history and recent advances in dealkenylative functionalization. Through this deconstructive strategy, radical functionalizations occur under mild, robust conditions. The reactions described proceed with high efficiency, good stereoselectivity, tolerate many functional groups, and are completed within a matter of minutes. By cleaving the C(sp3)–C(sp2) bond of terpenes and terpenoid-derived precursors, rapid diversification of natural products is possible.

1 Introduction

2 Mechanism

3 History

4 Motivation to Pursue Dealkenylation

5 Dealkenylation in the Present

6 Conclusion
Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Fluorinated Cyclopentadienyl Ligands
Authors: Malischewski Moritz , Sievers Robin , Parche Joshua , Kub Nico G.
Published: March 2023

The incorporation of fluorinated substituents in cyclopentadienyl anions leads to distinct changes in the properties of the corresponding metal complexes, e.g., with regards to electrochemical properties or metal–ligand bonding energies. This review summarizes the synthetic challenges of the preparation and coordination of fluorinated cyclopentadienyl anions.

1 Introduction

2 Fluorinated Cyclopentadienyls

3 Cyclopentadienyls with One CF3 Group

4 Cyclopentadienyls with Four CF3 Groups

5 Cyclopentadienyls with Five CF3 Groups

6 Cyclopentadienyls with ‘Fluorous Ponytails’

7 Cyclopentadienyls with C6F5 Groups

8 Trends in Interaction Energies

9 Conclusion
Delivering a Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism with Wisdom and Sensitivity
Authors: Saint-Hilaire Marie-Hélène , Thomas Cathi-Ann
Published: March 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, complex movement disorder. In addition to the motor manifestations, changes in mood and cognition frequently occur. It is understandable that receiving this diagnosis can be difficult for patients and their significant others. For the clinician, delivering a PD diagnosis can be challenging and requires a comprehensive patient assessment followed by a thoughtful treatment plan. How this diagnosis is conveyed can have a long-term impact on patient outcomes such as treatment adherence, participation in decision making, understanding of PD, and satisfaction with care. Because a PD diagnosis is often complicated by uncertainty about the diagnosis itself as well as future prognosis, a sensitive patient-centered approach to care, balanced with realistic expectations, is recommended. Full disclosure, honesty, and empathy on the part of the entire healthcare team are required. This includes relevant information tailored to the patient's unique needs at the time of diagnosis as well as referrals to appropriate rehabilitation and support services. Consistent, timely follow-up of all interventions is essential. It is essential that a diagnosis of PD is properly delivered to optimize understanding of PD, treatment adherence, participation in decision making, and satisfaction with care. In this article, we provide guidance on delivery of this diagnosis based on a growing body of evidence and our >35-year collective clinical experience and work developing and utilizing pertinent, creative educational tools and comprehensive, sensitive support programs for newly diagnosed patients and their significant others. Although most of the evidence we present pertains to PD, our experience suggests it could also apply to other forms of Parkinsonism and other chronic or progressive movement disorders.
Evaluating Research for Development: Innovation to Navigate Complexity
Authors: Apgar Marina , Snijder Mieke , Higdon Grace Lyn , Szabo Sylvia
Published: March 2023

Large publicly funded programmes of research continue to receive increased investment as interventions aiming to produce impact for the world’s poorest and most marginalized populations. At this intersection of research and development, research is expected to contribute to complex processes of societal change. Embracing a co-produced view of impact as emerging along uncertain causal pathways often without predefined outcomes calls for innovation in the use of complexity-aware approaches to evaluation. The papers in this special issue present rich experiences of authors working across sectors and geographies, employing methodological innovation and navigating power as they reconcile tensions. They illustrate the challenges with (i) evaluating performance to meet accountability demands while fostering learning for adaptation; (ii) evaluating prospective theories of change while capturing emergent change; (iii) evaluating internal relational dimensions while measuring external development outcomes; (iv) evaluating across scales: from measuring local level end impact to understanding contributions to systems level change. Taken as a whole, the issue illustrates how the research for development evaluation field is maturing through the experiences of a growing and diverse group of researchers and evaluators as they shift from using narrow accountability instruments to appreciating emergent causal pathways within research for development.
Fish-scale pattern key to long-lasting aluminum industrial equipment
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: March 2023

Fish-scale laser-etching and plasma electrolytic oxidation reduce corrosion and produce better wear for common industrial alloy
Chemical stability and functionality of Al2O3 artificial solid electrolyte interphases on alkali metals under open circuit voltage conditions
Authors: Lim Kyungmi , Hagel Marion , Küster Kathrin , Fenk Bernhard , Weis Jürgen , Starke Ulrich , Popovic Jelena , Maier Joachim
Published: March 2023

We studied chemical stability of atomic layer deposition-grown Al2O3 artificial solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) on lithium and sodium upon contact with liquid electrolyte by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and in the case of Li also by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both methods show that the formed Al2O3 is porous for all nominal thicknesses, and that the natural SEI grows in its pores and cracks. EIS shows that the porosity of the SEI on Na is higher than the one observed on Li, in particular at higher nominal thicknesses of Al2O3. The observed values of activation energies related to the transport through the SEI indicate either a denser natural SEI in the pores of Al2O3 and/or considerable space charge effect between Al2O3 and the SEI phase.
Field-programmable analog array (FPAA) based four-state adaptive oscillator for analog frequency analysis
Authors: Li XiaoFu , Raf E Ul Shougat Md , Mollik Tushar , Dean Robert N. , Beal Aubrey N. , Perkins Edmon
Published: March 2023

Adaptive oscillators are a subset of nonlinear oscillators that can learn and encode information in dynamic states. By appending additional states onto a classical Hopf oscillator, a four-state adaptive oscillator is created that can learn both the frequency and amplitude of an external forcing frequency. Analog circuit implementations of nonlinear differential systems are usually achieved by using operational amplifier-based integrator networks, in which redesign procedures of the system topology is time consuming. Here, an analog implementation of a four-state adaptive oscillator is presented for the first time as a field-programmable analog array (FPAA) circuit. The FPAA diagram is described, and the hardware performance is presented. This simple FPAA-based oscillator can be used as an analog frequency analyzer, as its frequency state will evolve to match the external forcing frequency. Notably, this is done without any analog-to-digital conversion or pre-processing, making it an ideal frequency analyzer for low-power and low-memory applications.
Three-dimensional pattern in dielectric barrier discharge with modulated gas gap
Authors: Li Yaohua , Pan Yuyang , Tian Miao , Wang Yue , He Yunan , Zhang Jianhua , Chu Jiahui , Dong Lifang
Published: March 2023

We report a three-dimensional pattern with self-organization in three spatial dimensions in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) by designing a novel device with modulated gas gap. The distribution of electric field by solving the Poisson equation in the x-y plane varies along the z-axis, and three kinds of gas gaps with different thicknesses have different electric fields. The spatiotemporal dynamics of the pattern is obtained by photomultiplier tubes and intensified charge-coupled device. For estimating the plasma parameters, the emission optical spectra are detected by a spectrograph. In three gas gaps, there are five substructures with different morphologies and plasma states in which two structures discharge at the falling edge of the applied voltage. The variation along the z-axis demonstrates that a three-dimensional pattern is truly obtained. It exhibits some novel phenomena that should advance plasma physics in DBD and pattern dynamics as follows. At the falling edge discharge, the discharge moment of a substructure is dependent upon the polarity of the electrode where the gas gap is close. The variation trend of the molecular vibration temperatures is opposite to that of the electron density whether at the rising or the falling edge of the applied voltage for five substructures. The difference between spatial distribution of the substructure and that of the corresponding electric field indicates the effects of the wall charges. Overall, the formation of the pattern includes the resonance of multiple waves by exciting two pre-set wave vectors at different positions of the z-axis and the self-organization effect caused by the wall charge.
Optimized allocation of renewable energy quota in Chinese provinces
Authors: Dong Fugui , Hou Yuzhu , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2023

A fair and efficient renewable energy quota allocation scheme is essential for China to implement the Renewable Portfolio Standards policy. Therefore, based on the principles of fairness and efficiency, this paper comprehensively considers the differences among provinces and then proposes and adopts an improved zero-sum gains data envelopment analysis method to reallocate quotas. Furthermore, for verifying the superiority of the proposed method, this paper establishes a composite index based on the Gini coefficient and the Theil index to compare the rationality of the distribution results. Finally, this paper discusses the relevant advice for the development of renewable energy. The results validate that the proposed method is superior to the traditional method. Additionally, according to the final quota distribution scheme, there are fewer renewable energy quotas in the northern provinces and more in the southern provinces. The quota of most provinces is lower than 50 × 109 kWh, while Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangsu, and Hunan are the five provinces with the most renewable energy quota of over 100 × 109 kWh. In general, this study provides a more rational renewable energy quota redistribution approach, which will help the government to establish an efficient and fair mechanism of renewable energy quota allocation.
Pure magnetic hotspots via hollow silicon nanoparticles illuminated by cylindrical vector beams
Authors: Zand Masoomeh , Miri MirFaez , Sadrara Mahdiyeh
Published: March 2023

Overshadowed by the electric dipole ones, the magnetic dipole transitions of a quantum emitter are hard to probe. This can be remedied by using pure magnetic hotspots, which host strong magnetic but quite weak electric fields in a subwavelength region. Utilizing the multiparticle Mie theory, we demonstrate pure magnetic hotspots via hollow silicon nanoparticles arranged in a ring configuration and illuminated by Bessel cylindrical vector beams. Normalized local field admittances of about 105–107 and magnetic field enhancements of about 10–30 are achievable. Moreover, the peak of the magnetic field enhancement can be shifted about 370 nm via the hollow size. In other words, the pure magnetic hotspot can be optimized for a particular magnetic dipole transition.
Precision Hall Effect magnetometer
Authors: Rokeakh A.I. , Artyomov M.Yu.
Published: March 2023

The article presents a Hall effect magnetometer for use in a desktop Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectrometer with a permanent magnet system and scanning coils. High accuracy and long-term stability at a small size and low cost are achieved through the use of digital signal processing, sequential data filtering in the time and frequency domains, as well as digital correction of raw data based on calibration information. The exciting current of the Hall sensor has the form of an alternating-sign square wave formed by a high-speed H-bridge powered by a stable direct current. Generation of control signals, time selection of data, and their accumulation are performed using Xilinx Field-Programmable Gate Array Artix-7. MicroBlaze embedded 32-bit processor is used to control the magnetometer and interface with adjacent levels of the control system. Taking into account the individual characteristics of the sensor, including the offset voltage, the nonlinearity of the magnetic sensitivity, and their temperature dependences, is carried out by correcting the data obtained by calculating a polynomial depending on the raw magnitude of the field induction and the temperature of the sensor. The polynomial coefficients are individual for each sensor, are determined once during the calibration process, and are stored in the dedicated Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. The magnetometer has a high resolution of 0.1 µT and an absolute measurement error of not exceeding 6 µT.