bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subkompetencja frazeologiczna studentów-neofilologów jako składnik kompetencji językowej tłumacza. Wstęp do badania pilotażowego
Authors: Szutkowski Tomasz
Published: July 2019

Celem opisanych w artykule badań jest diagnoza poziomu subkompetencji frazeologicznej studentów-neofilologów, którzy podjęli naukę na specjalizacji translatorskiej. Kompetencja frazeologiczna traktowana jest jako nieodłączny element kompetencji językowej tłumacza i odpowiada za poprawne posługiwanie się w mowie i piśmie względnie ustabilizowanymi i choćby w niewielkiej części zleksykalizowanymi związkami wyrazowymi. W badaniach wykorzystano metodę ankietową. Zadaniem respondentów było podanie cech definicyjnych frazeologizmu oraz wskazanie jednostek frazeologicznych spośród podanej listy związków wyrazowych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej ankiety można stwierdzić, iż w opinii respondentów kryterium frazeologiczności spełniają przede wszystkim związki idiomatyczne. Frazeologizm jest traktowany przez studentów-neofilologów tradycjonalistycznie, stereotypowo, a więc przede wszystkim idiomatycznie (w ujęciu W.W. Winogradowa). Respondenci  z trudem dopatrują się cech jednostki frazeologicznej w strukturach częściowo zleksykalizowanych – frazemach (zgodnie z koncepcją W. Chlebdy). Takie rozumienie frazeologii z kolei skutkuje często atomistycznym tłumaczeniem związków frazematycznych, co zazwyczaj prowadzi do naruszenia reguł języka docelowego. Wniosek z przeprowadzonego badania pilotażowego skłania do podjęcia działań w zakresie przeorientowania subkompetencji frazeologicznej z perspektywy czysto idiomatycznej na frazematyczną, co z pewnością przyczyni się do podniesienia jakości rezultatów tłumaczenia.
Geographic Features of Zero-Emissions Urban Mobility: the Case of Electric Buses in Europe and Belarus
Authors: Bezruchonak Andrei
Published: July 2019

This article reviews the emerging phenomena of electric buses’ deployment in Europe and Belarus within the general framework of the concept of sustainable and electric urban mobility. The author offers a brief overview of electric bus technologies available on the market and a spatial analysis of fleet deployment in Europe. The analysis of the spatial structure of the distribution of e-buses in Europe indicated that, in terms of the number of vehicles in operation, the UK and the Netherlands are the regional leaders, while in terms of the number of cities testing e-buses – Germany, Sweden, and Poland are the leaders. The analysis showed that the main factors supporting the distribution of innovative technology and public support are legislative and regulative framework as well as clear strategic planning and cooperation between local administrations and transportation authorities. Other important aspects, such as network building features, and the location of the charging infrastructure were also discussed. The analysis of the case study of Minsk (the first city to introduce electric buses in Belarus) outlined the typical limiting factors for all types of markets: high battery costs and dependency on infrastructure; recommendations are given to emphasise bus fleet replacement (instead of trolleybus) and to develop a comprehensive sustainable urban mobility strategy.
¿Cómo “habla” el epigrama funerario ático? Una relación entre vivos y muertos
Authors: Arteaga Conde Evelia
Published: July 2019

En este artículo se estudiará la manera en que los epigramas funerarios áticos clásicos, compilados por Petrus Allanus Hansen, constituyen una representación de un “acto de habla”; el objetivo es analizar la forma en que la sociedad griega se relacionaba con el mundo de los muertos. El estudio de estos testimonios es importante debido a su gran capacidad de reflejar concepciones generales de dicha cultura; además, no se ha realizado un análisis así en estos epitafios específicos.
Algunos apuntes sobre la tradición clásica en los Siglos de Oro
Authors: Tenorio Martha Lilia
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo analiza las formas cómo la tradición clásica funcionó en la poesía hispánica de los Siglos de Oro. Por un lado, se muestran algunas recreaciones de temas y tópicos clásicos, así como de historias mitológicas; por otro, se estudia cómo funciona retóricamente la alusión y cómo los procedimientos estilísticos de la poesía clásica han contribuido a la conformación dela lengua poética del español áureo. Se ilustra con ejemplos de Garcilaso de la Vega, Juan de Arguijo, sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Agustín de Salazar y Torres, entre otros, y, fundamentalmente, con Luis de Góngora.
La Grecia de José Luis Martínez y otros helenismos de México
Authors: Noria David
Published: July 2019

En el centenario de natalicio del escritor y funcionario José Luis Martínez (Atoyac, 1918-Ciudad de México, 2007), este artículo indaga sobre su “afición de Grecia”, heredada de su maestro Alfonso Reyes (Monterrey, 1889-Ciudad de México, 1959) y de la tradición del helenismo mexicano, del que se traza un panorama general. Se halló que las labores intelectuales, administrativas y políticas de José Luis Martínez lo acercaron a la cultura griega, pues editó Junta de sombras de Alfonso Reyes y fue Embajador en la República Helénica, a partir de lo cual él escribiría su propio libro Grecia para la Secretaría de Educación Pública. La novedad de nuestro trabajo consiste en investigar las huellas del helenismo mexicano en el ámbito de la literatura nacional y elservicio público.
Do 'ethos' ao etos
Authors: Deusdará Bruno , Rocha Décio Orlando Soares da , Arantes Poliana Coeli Costa
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo está organizado em três momentos. Inicialmente, procede-se a um duplo debate: uma reflexão sobre a opção majoritária de se grafar ethos como palavra estrangeira e a proposta de conferir ao conceito uma grafia em língua portuguesa, a saber, etos, como já o apresentam diferentes dicionários; uma indagação sobre a real necessidade de se manterem categorias como as de etos pré-discursivo (ou prévio) e etos dito, tendo em vista a produtividade de uma concepção de etos tal como fora postulada em seus primórdios, restrita ao que se chamou etos mostrado. Em um segundo momento, um exercício de leitura de texto publicado na mídia digital sobre tema da atualidade, a saber, o casamento gay, reproduzido em anexo, terá por objetivo ratificar a pertinência da opção que fazemos por manter uma única categoria de etos, considerando que dispositivos como o vocabulário e coenunciadores, integrantes da semântica global de D. Maingueneau, podem dar conta do que vem sendo atribuído a diferentes subcategorias de etos. Por fim, propõe-se uma breve reflexão acerca da noção de subjetividade, a qual ocupa um lugar central nos estudos de base discursiva, buscando-se afastar uma concepção essencialista ou naturalizada do conceito, que muitas vezes é responsável por torná-la indistinta do que se compreende por identidade e individualidade.
50 anos da pressuposição na semântica argumentativa
Authors: Machado Julio Cesar
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tem como objeto de estudo o tratamento teórico do fenômeno da pressuposição. Seu objetivo é investigá-lo nos últimos 50 anos. Nossa metodologia é refletir tal objeto em dois momentos: na Teoria da Argumentação na Língua (anos 60 a 80), e na Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos (anos 90 até 2018), em textos parcialmente traduzidos. Nossa hipótese é a ressignificação da pressuposição. Um dos resultados obtidos é que tal revisão faz ver o confronto entre um modus operandi (que se acreditava) muito engessado em uma estrutura, para uma leitura (mais adequada aos originais) de um modus analítico capaz de perscrutar os semantismos implícitos da/na estrutura, só tangíveis por ela.
SOSIAL MEDIA DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR: STUDI HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN FACEBOOK TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Najamuddin Najamuddin , Negara Habibi Ratu Perwira , Ramdhani Deddy , Nurman Muhammad
Published: July 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan jejaring sosial facebook terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa MTs. Syamsul Huda Peresak yang berjumlah 34 orang. Penelitina ini merupakan penelitian korelasional. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket tentang penggunaan jejaring sosial facebook dan dokumentasi hasil prestasi belajar siswa. Analisis menggunakan korelasi product moment. Hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa nilai sig. = 0.775 > 0.05 = ?, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikat antara penggunaan jejaring sosial facebook terhadap prestasi belajar siswa.

 

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to find out the relationship between using the facebook as social networking toward student achievement. The subjects in this study were students of MTs Syamsul Huda Peresak with total 34 students. This research is a correlational research. The data collection uses a questionnaire about the user of social networking Facebook and the documentation results of student learning achievements. The analysis uses product moment correlation. The results of data analysis show that the sig value. = 0.775> 0.05 = ?, so it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between using of Facebook as social networks to student learning achievements.
PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH DI MALUKU: ANALISIS VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE
Authors: Rijoly Jacobus Cliff Diky
Published: July 2019

Pada tahun 1999 pemerintah Indonesia mengimplementasikan peraturan mengenai otonomi daerah, dampak langsung dari implementasi ini adalah setiap provinsi harus mampu mengembangkan pembangunan ekonomi di daerahnya sendiri. Hal ini juga terjadi di Maluku, peningkatan APBD (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah), yang seharusnya menjadi instrument peningkatan pertumbuahan ekonomi di Maluku. Tapi, faktanya Maluku masih menjadi daerah termiskin ke 4 di Indonesia dan memiliki tingkat pengangguran paling tinggi di Indonesia. Efektifitas realisasi anggaran di duga menjadi permasalahan utama. Sesuai dengan data BPS Maluku mayoritas dari pengeluaran pemerintah yang ada digunakan sebagai pengeluaran/ belanja rutin (83.4%) dan sisanya (29.68%) diganakan sebagai belanja/ pengeluaran Modal, yang seharusnya di gunakan untuk mendorong akselerasi pertumbuhan ekonomi.Penelitian ini menggunakan VAR (Vector Autoregressive) model, untuk mengukur efek daro pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Maluku, data yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data time series dari tahun 1997-2016 yang besumber dati BPS Maluku.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengeluaran pemerintah di tentukan oleh berbagai variabel diantaranya variabel eksogen (Kebijakan Pemerintah Melalui Penerimaan Migas maupun Non-Migas) serta variabel endogen ( PDB dan Pembentukan Modal Tetap). Hasil lain yang menggunakan instrument Impulse Response Function dan Analisis Variance Decomposition seluruh variable dalam jangka pendek dan jangka Panjang memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap Pengeluaran Pemerintah di Maluku.
PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR TELEKOMUNIKASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI ASEAN
Authors: Prasetyo Galih adi
Published: July 2019

Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of the development of telecommunications infrastructure to economic growth in ASEAN. Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) is used to test how telecommunication infrastructure development to economic growth in ASEAN. This study uses a dynamic panel data from 10 ASEAN countries in the period 2000-2013. Variables used in this research is the GDP growth, the development of telecommunication infrastructure index, foreign direct investment, trade openness, and urbanization rate. Tests were performed using STATA 13.0 software shows the use sys-GMM better than diff-GMM. The results of this study indicate the development of telecommunications infrastructure significantly affect economic growth but had negative relationships. Based on the theory of demand following hypothesis (DFH) economic growth leads to the development of telecommunications infrastructure. The impact of telecommunications infrastructure development is only emerge through the product or outcome of economic growth. Telecommunications infrastructure development is considered as the impact of economic growth continues to increase.
Konsep Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013
Authors: Al Rosyid Noor Aqiel , Khunaefi Alfian
Published: July 2019

On 2013 Supreme court nullified Law Number 7 Year 2004 on water resources management, and reenacted Law Number 11 Year 1974 on irrigation. Law Number 7 Year 2004 considered to oppose Constitution because right to utilize water can be given to the private party or individual. Although, right to utilize water by private party have been constituted under Law Number 7 Year 2004 also have been nullified by Supreme Court; however it doesn’t close any possibilities for any private party or individual to be able to manage water resource, because on Law Number 11 Year 1974 constitute that legal entitiy, social enterprise or individual authorize to utilize water and/or water resource with certain requirement through gained permission from government. However, it is question; although Law Number 7 Year 2004 have been nullified but Law Number 11 Year 1974 still in place; though, both Laws constitute similar concept on water utilization.
BIMBINGAN BERKELANJUTAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK
Authors: Maisyarah Maisyarah
Published: July 2019

Abstrak. This study aims to improve the competence of the madrasah head in carrying out academic supervision through continuous guidance. The study was designed using school action research with 2 cycles. The research subject was the Head of Madrasa Patronage in Banjarmasin City. Techniques for collecting data through documentation, interviews and observation. The research data were analyzed using descriptive and quantitative descriptive statistics. The results of the study indicate that continuous guidance can improve the competency of the headmaster in carrying out academic supervision from sufficient qualifications in Cycle I to be well qualified in Cycle II. Kata Kunci: Bimbingan Berkelanjutan, Kompetensi, Supervisi Akademik. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi kepala madrasah dalam melaksanakan supervisi akademik melalui bimbingan berkelanjutan. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan penelitian tindakan sekolah dengan 2 siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah Kepala Madrasah Binaan di Kota Banjarmasin. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi, wawancara dan observasi. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan statistika deskriptif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkah bahwa bimbingan berkelanjutan dapat meningkatkan kompetensi kepala madrasah dalam melaksanakan supervisi akademi dari kualifikasi cukup di Siklus I meningkat menjadi kualifikasi baik di Siklus II. Kata Kunci: Bimbingan Berkelanjutan, Kompetensi, Supervisi Akademik.
Florescimento e frutificação de genótipos de pinhão manso sob doses de fósforo no cerrado da Região Sul do Tocantins
Authors: Pereira Joseanny Cardoso da Silva , Fidelis Rodrigo Ribeiro , Erasmo Eduardo Andrea Lemus , Dos Santos Pollione Martins , Barros Hélio Bandeira , Carvalho Glauber Lacerda de
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho objetivou estudar o florescimento e a frutificação de genótipos de pinhão manso no ecossistema Cerrado no sul do estado do Tocantins, em diferentes doses de fósforo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram cinco doses de fósforo P2O5 (0 g, 50 g, 100 g, 150 g e 200 g por cova). Cada planta constituiu uma unidade experimental. As características avaliadas foram: número total de cachos ou inflorescências, número total de botões florais, número total de flores masculinas, número total de flores femininas, número total de flores hermafroditas, número total de frutos, relação de flores masculinas e femininas e dias para o florescimento da inflorescência. As avaliações foram realizadas em dois horários (8h e 17h). A heterogeneidade genética da população impediu a detecção de diferenças estatísticas entre as características avaliadas nas diferentes doses de fósforo. Em números absolutos, houve tendência de maiores valores para as características avaliadas na dose de 150 g/cova de P2O5. A abertura de flores na região Sul do Tocantins ocorre principalmente no período matutino. O pinhão manso apresenta flores monóicas, unissexuais e hermafroditas.
Avaliação do crescimento e da produtividade da mamoneira BRS 149 Nordestina em dois níveis tecnológicos
Authors: Santos Valdere Martins dos , Castro Henrique Guilhon de , Cardoso Dione Pereira , Leal Tarcísio Castro Alves de Barros , Santos Gil Rodrigues dos
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e a produtividade da cultivar Nordestina da mamoneira em ambientes de baixo nível tecnológico e de alto nível tecnológico. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dois níveis tecnológicos e cinco épocas de avaliação. No baixo nível tecnológico, não foi realizada adubação e irrigação da cultura e a semeadura foi feita em covas. No alto nível tecnológico, foi realizada a adubação química, calagem do solo, uma aração, duas gradagens, semeadura em sulcos e irrigação por aspersão convencional. Foram avaliadas as características altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, massa fresca da folha e do caule, massa seca da folha e do caule, razão de área foliar, índice de área foliar e a produtividade. Houve diferença significativa entre os níveis tecnológicos em todas as características avaliadas. No baixo nível tecnológico a ausência de adubação no plantio e a falta de irrigação durante o período de condução do experimento, prejudicou o desenvolvimento das plantas. Com relação à produtividade, o alto nível tecnológico apresentou uma maior produtividade, 3.794 Kg ha-1. No baixo nível tecnológico, a produtividade foi de 1.683 Kg ha-1.
Fusing Knowledge-Based and Data-Driven Techniques for the Identification of Urban Functional Regions
Authors: Papadakis Emmanuel , Gao Song , Baryannis George
Published: July 2019

The problem of identifying functional regions in an urban setting has been approached in literature using two general methodologies: top-down, encoding expert knowledge on urban planning and design (e.g. into patterns) and using that knowledge for identification, and bottom-up, relying on crowdsourcing and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) to train learning models, using techniques such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling. Both approaches have their advantages but also face important limitations, with knowledge-based approaches being criticized for scalability and transferability issues and data-driven approaches for lacking interpretability and depending heavily on data quality. To mitigate these disadvantages, we propose a novel framework that fuses data and knowledge in three different ways: functional regions identified from individual approaches are evaluated against each other, knowledge from patterns is used to adjust learning model results and topic models are used to adjust pattern-based results. The proposed methodologies are demonstrated through the use case of identifying shopping-related functional regions in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Results show that the combination of results from knowledge-based and data-driven techniques can help uncover discrepancies between the two different approaches and smoothen inaccuracies caused by the limitations of each approach.
Development of Technology of Release of Iron and Its Oxidic Connections from Dump Steel-Smelting Slag
Authors: Matkarimov Sokhibjon Turdaliyevich , Yusupkhodjayev Anvar Abdullayevich , Berdiyarov Bakhriddin Berdiyarov
Published: July 2019

In article questions of development low-waste technologies of processing of steel-smelting slag are considered, gland allowing by extraction and its connections from steel-smelting slag to receive additional raw materials for production became, and the remains to use in building industry. Studying of gravitational methods of enrichment of steel-smelting slag and heat treatment the ore-fuel of pellets is the basis for work. Proceeding from it, in work modern physic-mechanical, chemical and physical and chemical methods of researches (UV-spectroscopy, electronic microscopy, the granulometric analysis) are used.
Usefulness of a Concept Called Autonomous Selection
Authors: Solon Idan S.
Published: July 2019

Here, I introduce a concept called autonomous selection to refer to a source of selection that is part of the individuals upon which it acts. The concept is motivated by a set of phenomena with the following characteristics: Natural selection shaped a variant (e.g., gene, epigenetic mark, or combination thereof) to act in a manner that reduces the frequency of one or more heritable traits of the individual in which it is located if those traits are detrimental to individual or group fitness. Phenomena with these characteristics are peculiar to traditional evolutionary theory but have been identified rather frequently in recent decades. They are also relevant to adaptive evolution: By reducing the frequency of a trait detrimental to fitness, the variant accelerates the evolution of adaptations, which allows its holders to adapt better to constantly changing environments. The variant is shaped by (natural) selection, but also does (autonomous) selection. Several phenomena with these characteristics have been invoked by proponents of the extended evolutionary synthesis (EES). The concept of autonomous selection helps resolve some of the controversy surrounding the EES: EES proponents call attention to the incompleteness of contemporary theory, emphasizing individuals’ processes that influence which adaptations those individuals evolve. I argue for the special importance of individuals’ processes that do not just influence those individuals’ adaptations, but also accelerate the adaptive evolution of those individuals. All known phenomena that fit this description are examples of autonomous selection. Other phenomena raised by EES proponents do not meet this threshold.
Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Asuransi Jiwa Konvensional di Indonesia Periode 2015-2018
Authors: Siswanto Ely , Hasanah Raudhotul Miul
Published: July 2019

This research aims to analyze the effect of financial indicator such as premium income, investment returns, volume of capital, loss ratio, operating expenses and risk based capital on the profitability (ROA) of conventional life insurance companies during the first quarter of 2015 until the third quarter of 2018. This research uses premium income, investment returns, volume of capital, loss ratio, operating expenses and risk based capital as independent variables and the dependent variable is Return On Assets, and joint venture alliance strategies as a control variable. The population of data is conventional life insurance companies in Indonesia during 2015 until 2018. This research used a purposive sampling technique, it was found that 14 companies met the sample criteria. The analysis model uses regression analysis. The research results show that premium income has a positive significant effect on ROA, the volume of capital has a positive significant effect on ROA and operating expenses have a negative significant effect on ROA. While investment returns, loss ratios and risk based capital, and joint venture alliance strategies do not have a significant effect on ROA. Meanwhile, a joint venture alliance strategies are not significant in influencing the relationship of independent variables to ROA. Further research is recommended to conduct a different test of the financial performance of insurance companies, national life insurance companies and joint venture life insurance companies.
BİST’DE SEKTÖRLER İTİBARİYLE MALİYET YAPIŞKANLIĞININ PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ERDOĞAN Murat , ÖKSÜZ DEMİRGUBUZ Mükrime , ORUÇ ERDOĞAN Eda , ÖMÜRBEK Vesile
Published: July 2019

Maliyet davranışı; işletmenin faaliyet hacmindeki değişmelere bağlı olarak belirli bir maliyet unsurunun nasıl değişeceği ya da nasıl davranacağını ifade etmektedir. Yapışkan maliyetleri anlamak, şirketlerin kaynaklarını ve kapasitelerini daha verimli biçimde belirlemelerine ve yönetmelerine yardımcı olmaktadır. Yöneticiler genellikle ürün ve faaliyetlerin maliyetleri ile ilgilenmektedirler.  Pazarlama, satış ve dağıtım giderleri ile genel yönetim giderleri firmaların mali durumuna göre maliyet yapışkanlık derecesini değiştirmektedir. Çalışmanın uygulama kısmında panel veri analizi kullanılmış ve Borsa İstanbul’da yer alan dört farklı sektördeki imalat işletmelerinin maliyet verilerinden yararlanılarak maliyet yapışkanlığı farlılıkları incelenmiştir. Analizde satışlar ile satışların maliyeti, pazarlama, satış ve dağıtım giderleri ve genel yönetim giderleri kullanılmıştır. Bu sektörlerden üçünde maliyet yapışkanlığı tespit edilememiş; taşa toprağa dayalı sektörde ise pazarlama, satış ve dağıtım giderlerinde maliyet yapışkanlığı tespit edilmiştir.
Burial Diagenesis of the Eocene Sobrarbe Delta (Ainsa Basin, Spain) Inferred From Dolomitic Concretions
Authors: Hoareau Guilhem , Odonne Francis , Garcia Daniel , Debroas Elie-Jean , Monnin Christophe , Dubois Michel , Potdevin Jean-Luc
Published: July 2019

Little attention has been focused on the burial diagenesis of deltas deposited on active foreland-basin margins, where tectonics is likely to strongly impact fluid–rock interactions. A petrographic, geochemical, and microthermometric study of several fractured dolomite concretions and enclosing prodelta marls provides insights into the evolution of burial diagenesis in the Eocene Sobrarbe deltaic complex (Ainsa Basin, Spain), and more generally, on the paleohydrology of the South Pyrenean foreland basin.

Shallow burial diagenesis was controlled by microbial activity in marine-derived porewaters. Microbial sulfate reduction was first responsible for the formation of pyrite and early calcite, followed by the growth of dolomite concretions during methanogenesis. Subsequent diagenesis was limited to temperatures and depth of less than approximately 75°C and 2 km, respectively. Diagenesis was recorded in porous bioturbation traces and septarian fractures found inside dolomite concretions, as well as in tectonic shear fractures. Neomorphic tabular barite, found only in the bioturbation traces, is interpreted to have formed early in marine-derived porewaters. Septarian fractures were then filled by Fe-rich calcite and centimeter-size celestine. Stable isotopes indicate that calcite probably formed in meteoric-derived waters coming from the overlying fluvial delta plain. The sulfur isotope composition of celestine is compatible with precipitation in waters of mixed parentage, but the exact origin of dissolved sulfate remains poorly constrained. In tectonic fractures, celestine precipitated coevally with calcite displaying evidence of strong fluid–rock interaction. Dissolved sulfate may have migrated to the fractures during active tectonics from the late Eocene to the Oligocene.

The paragenesis and the proposed paleohydrologic model are similar to those previously described for other deltaic systems deposited in active foreland basins, including the South Pyrenean foreland basin. These features point to common diagenetic processes in syntectonic foreland-basin deltas, involving both meteoric and marine fluid sources. Similar to passive margin settings, early diagenesis appears to be controlled mainly by relative variations of sea level, whereas during further burial, the development of permeable tectonic fractures is likely to facilitate the influx of basinal or continental waters into fine slope deposits, impacting the diagenetic record. These results emphasize the importance of fracture development in the fluid-flow regime of syntectonic foreland-basin deltas. They demonstrate the necessity to take this parameter into account in fluid-flow modeling of foreland-basin margins.
Valleys, Estuaries, and Lagoons: Paleoenvironments and Regressive–Transgressive Architecture of the Upper Cretaceous Straight Cliffs Formation, Utah, U.S.A
Authors: Chentnik Brenton M. , Johnson Cari L. , Mulhern Julia S. , Stright Lisa
Published: July 2019

The John Henry Member of the Upper Cretaceous Straight Cliffs Formation preserves deposition of four regressive–transgressive (R-T) cycles in 350 m of strata of the Sevier foredeep in south-central Utah, USA. Each cycle is discussed in detail, with emphasis on the transgressive phases of deposition. Regressive intervals comprise wave-dominated shorefaces and coastal-plain strata, whereas transgressive intervals record tide-influenced coastal-margin and low-energy-bay and lagoonal deposits. One R-T cycle in the lower John Henry Member preserves a compound incised-valley system filled with a complex assemblage of tidal and estuarine facies. In contrast, overlying R-T cycles are not associated with valley formation, but instead preserve sandstone-rich back-barrier platform deposits that transition landward into tidal-creek, tidal-flat, and marsh depositional settings.

Excellent outcrop expression permits detailed examination of the complex internal architecture of the compound incised-valley, and demonstrates that: 1) tidal ravinement significantly modified the initial valley shape during transgression, a process not fully recognized in most conceptual models of valley formation and fill; 2) the valley system incised in a basin-axial position (NNE–SSW), subparallel to the thrust front and oblique to the orientation of pre-valley-formation shorefaces, which prograded from west to east. Axial systems are well-known transporters of large volumes of sediment in foreland basins, and yet most incised-valley models imply a direct and oversimplified relationship between up-dip (source area and tectonics) and down-dip (base level) controls; 3) the major subaerial unconformity and bypass surface occurred at a higher (younger) stratigraphic position than previously interpreted, and is herein renamed the lower John Henry Member sequence boundary. The changes in regional correlations necessitated by this discovery have several broader implications for sequence stratigraphic models; 4) finally, correlations down dip along the axial valley system indicate a steep topographic gradient of 0.011, with 47% vertical, compacted expansion of the whole John Henry Member over 14 km from south to the north. This suggests structural control on sediment transport and deposition, with significant lateral variability in accommodation parallel to the fold-thrust belt. This study adds to the growing body of literature documenting the complex nature of transgressive deposits, which will aid in the interpretation, prediction, and management of analogous subsurface reservoirs.
Mid-Cretaceous Paleopedology and Landscape Reconstruction of the Mid-Atlantic U.S. Coastal Plain
Authors: Thornburg Jesse D. , Miller Kenneth G. , Browning James V. , Wright James D.
Published: July 2019

We identified and described Potomac Formation paleosols from three coreholes in New Jersey and Delaware to interpret depositional history and reconstruct regional landscapes during the climatic transition from the Early to the Late Cretaceous. In total, 103 paleosol profiles were described and grouped into five pedotypes (gray, gray-red, purple, red, and brown) ranging in pedogenic maturity from: 1) weakly developed, immature soils formed under poor drainage conditions (gray and gray-red); to 2) moderately developed soils formed under alternating drainage conditions (purple and red); to 3) well-developed, mature soils formed under well-drained conditions (brown). Geochemical and stable-isotope proxies (Ba/Sr and δ18O on sphaerosiderite) are presented to constrain paleoprecipitation and/or fluvial position and drainage conditions. Potomac Formation Unit I (Barremian to lower Albian) generally displays well-drained, stable landscape conditions upsection, with paleoprecipitation being the main control on development of paleosol type. Potomac Formation Units II (lower Albian to lower Cenomanian) and III (lower Cenomanian) have variable drainage and landscape conditions upsection. Paleoprecipitation exerted a controlling role in the development of paleosol type lower in Unit II, while base-level changes exerted greater influence on landscape conditions upsection into Unit III. Geochemical proxies provide evidence that Unit I was subhumid with episodes of saturation and overall better drainage conditions relative to the overlying units. Units II and III were deposited under more waterlogged conditions, experiencing subhumid to humid conditions, with episodes of enhanced drainage from base-level fall. The use of these proxies is consistent with interpretations made using the macro-features and micro-features of the paleosols and sphaerosiderite δ18O, and emphasizes that the main long-term environmental control on landscape development during this period was initially paleoprecipitation, with progressive influence from base-level changes.
Lacustrine Fossil Preservation in Acidic Environments: Implications of Experimental and Field Studies for the Cretaceous–Paleogene Boundary Acid Rain Trauma
Authors: BAILEY JAKE V. , COHEN ANDREW S. , KRING DAVID A.
Published: July 2019

The effects of acidification on the preservation of buried lacustrine microfossils were evaluated using experimental tanks to simulate pH, depth, duration of acidification, and buffering conditions below the sediment/water interface of a hypothetical acidified lake. The taphonomic data provided from these experiments suggest that buffering by the host catchment (i.e., the CaCO3 content of the soils and outcrops that underlie the lake and drainage basin) is the primary factor promoting calcareous-fossil preservation under conditions of moderate and severe acidification.

Global acid-rain fallout was a likely environmental consequence of the Chicxulub impact event at the Cretaceous– Paleogene boundary, and may have been important at other times in Earth history. Fossil preservation at the K/Pg boundary may have been affected by acidic groundwater leaching. Whereas the duration and intensity of the acid-rain fallout is poorly constrained, acid rain would have had varying effects on the acidity of lacustrine and fluvial environments with different acid-buffering capacities. Variations in acid-buffering capacities of lacustrine and fluvial catchments also may be a factor in the apparent extinction selectivity of non-marine aquatic fauna at the K/Pg boundary. Last appearances of taxa can result from poor preservation conditions or extinction—both of which may result from acidification. Last appearances observed at the species level, but not in higher taxa, may be the result of regional heterogeneities in catchment geology. Understanding local buffering conditions may be important for interpreting the continental fossil record at the K/Pg boundary.
Who Cares About a Vanishing Clam? Trophic Importance of Mulinia coloradoensis Inferred from Predatory Damage
Authors: CINTRA-BUENROSTRO CARLOS E. , FLESSA KARL W. , GUILLERMO AVILA-SERRANO
Published: July 2019

Analyses of predatory damage on subfossil hard parts can be used to document the trophic role played by species that were abundant prior to human impact even when pre-impact surveys are lacking or when predators have not left skeletal remains. Before upstream dams and water diversions, the bivalve Mulinia coloradoensis was the most common mollusk inhabiting the Colorado River Estuary. Today, only a small population has survived the environmental changes caused by reduction in the river's flow. When abundant, this species was a major source of food for predatory gastropods and crabs, as shown by the characteristic damage inflicted by these predators. Boreholes made by predatory gastropods were found in 23% of the 600 individuals sampled from shell accumulations that date from the era prior to upstream dams and diversions. Marginal shell damage characteristic of predatory portunid crabs was found in 27% of the individuals. Thirty-four percent of the individuals had damage from earlier attacks. Shells were tumbled to provide criteria to distinguish ante-mortem biological damage to the shell margin from post-mortem physical damage. Decline in the population of this prey species likely caused a decline in the populations of its predators and species higher in the food chain, prey-switching, or both effects. Restoration of river flow would increase populations of M. coloradoensis and species that depend on it for food, including commercially important crabs.
FIRST ARGENTINE MICROFOSSIL BONEBED FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC MARAYES—EL CARRIZAL BASIN, SAN JUAN PROVINCE
Authors: COLOMBI CARINA E. , MARTÍNEZ RICARDO N. , CORREA GUSTAVO , FERNáNDEZ ELIANA , SANTI MALNIS PAULA , PRADERIO ANGEL , APALDETTI CECILIA , ABELÍN DIEGO , ALCOBER OSCAR , AGUILAR-CAMEO ANDREA
Published: July 2019

The first Triassic microfossil bonebed found in Argentina is located 80 meters from the top of the Quebrada del Barro Formation in the Marayes-El Carrizal Basin, in the province of San Juan. It consists of specimens from at least 63 individuals from an anomalously high concentration of fossils distributed laterally and vertically in a meter-thick fine-grained deposit. Two new taxa from the genera Sphenodontia and Eucynodontia had previously not been found in Argentine Triassic quarries. The bonebed is preserved in a mudflow deposit interbedded with calcic-Argillisols in the medial-distal zone of a distributary fluvial system (DFS). The accumulation is characterized by small-sized skeletal fragments (skulls, jaws and vertebra; all less than 50 mm), low degree of articulation, variable degrees of subaerial exposure, tooth marks, surface dissolution, and an alkaline authigenic mineral suite. Detailed paleoenvironmental and taphonomic characterization indicate that this accumulation underwent three stages in its taphonomic history: (1) biogenic extrinsic concentration; (2) local transportation and re-deposition by a mudflow on a swampy floodplain; and (3) drying and pedogenesis. Additionally, the deposit highlights biogenic activity as a way to concentrate a paleofaunal assemblage that likely represents the original community, and mudflow deposits from crevasse splays in DFS as a potential facies for microfossil preservation.
STARS OF THE AFTERMATH: ASTERIACITES BEDS FROM THE LOWER TRIASSIC OF THE CARNIC ALPS (WERFEN FORMATION, SAURIS DI SOPRA), ITALY
Authors: BAUCON ANDREA , NETO DE CARVALHO CARLOS
Published: July 2019

Trace fossils are important evidence of benthic activity, but they have received less study than body fossils for investigating the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction. There is therefore a need to document Lower Triassic ichnofaunas to understand their significance with respect to the end-Permian crisis. In light of this need, this paper describes a novel Lower Triassic ichnosite at Mount Pallone (Carnic Alps, Italy), where the Campil Member (Smithian) of the Werfen Formation (Griesbachian–Spathian) presents an abundant ichnofauna characterized by excellent preservation and low diversity. Documented ichnogenera include Asteriacites lumbricalis, Gyrochorte comosa, Diplocraterion habichi and Planolites beverleyensis. The ichnofaunal composition and the bioturbation style suggest a marginal marine paleoenvironment ranging from intertidal to shallow subtidal settings. Storm influence, hydrodynamic energy, sedimentation rate, freshwater input and/or water temperature played an important role in structuring the benthic ecosystem. Dense (300 specimens/m2) aggregations of the trace fossil Asteriacites lumbricalis reveals social behavior of their inferred brittlestar producers (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea). In line with modern brittlestar beds, social behavior provided significant advantage because raised arms of brittlestars dampened hydrodynamic energy. This study suggests that Asteriacites beds may be considered ichnological proxies for marine settings, low bioturbation intensity, shallow tiering, high sedimentation rate and/or event-bed deposition, significant levels of hydrodynamic energy, and low predation pressure. The studied ichnofauna reflects stressed environmental conditions, but it is unclear whether this reflects local brackish conditions (‘Gazpacho model’) or global hot temperatures (‘Hot Soup model’).
PRESERVATION OF FOSSIL MICROBES AND BIOFILM IN CAVE POOL CARBONATES AND COMPARISON TO OTHER MICROBIAL CARBONATE ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: MELIM LESLIE A. , NORTHUP DIANA E. , BOSTON PENELOPE J. , SPILDE MICHAEL N.
Published: July 2019

Fossil microbes are generally preserved by authigenic minerals, including silica, apatite, iron minerals, clays, and carbonates. An alternative mode of preservation by entombment in calcite, without replacement, has been identified in carbonate cave pool microbialites that were etched and examined in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Features identified include filaments, threads, and films that show excess carbon in energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses, suggesting preservation of organic matter. Filaments are single smooth or reticulated strands with curving string-like morphology, often hollow, and with a uniform diameter of 0.5 to 1.0 μm. Threads, in contrast, are variable thickness, from several microns down to 0.1 μm, always solid, and commonly branch. Films are thin (< 1 μm) drapes associated with threads. Filaments are interpreted as microbial filaments, while threads and films are interpreted as preserved extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). In addition, microbial filaments and EPS are only revealed via acid etching, suggesting preservation of organic material by entombment, not by replacement with calcite. To determine whether entombed microbes are a common feature of carbonate microbialites that form in different environmental settings, samples of hot spring travertine, caliche soil, and reef microbialite were examined. Whereas the travertine samples were barren, entombed EPS was found in the caliche soil and the reef microbialite; the latter also contained a few entombed filaments. In addition, entombed microbial material has been reported from carbonate cold seep deposits. Such findings indicate that entombment of microbes and EPS in carbonates is not restricted to cave settings, but is more widespread than previously reported. Possible causes for the lack of preservation in travertines include rapid degradation of microbial material either by sunlight due to photolytic degradation, aerobic microbial degradation, detritivore consumption, or elevated temperatures. Rapid carbonate precipitation is ruled out as, somewhat surprisingly, preservation is better in slower growing cave carbonates than in rapidly growing travertines. Potential long-term preservation of organic material entombed in carbonate has implications for the characterization of fossil microbial communities using molecular biomarkers and the search for life on other planets.
The Gordondale Member: designation of a new member in the Fernie Formation to replace the informal “Nordegg Member” nomenclature of the subsurface of west-central Alberta
Authors: Asgar-Deen M. , Riediger C. , Hall R.
Published: July 2019

New biostratigraphic data and revised lithostratigraphic correlations reveal that the current stratigraphic nomenclature for the Lower Jurassic portions of the Fernie Formation in the subsurface of west-central Alberta is inadequate. This paper introduces a new member, the Gordondale Member, for highly radioactive, fine-grained strata previously referred to as either the lower Fernie Formation, the Lower Fernie shelf limestone and clastics, the Nordegg Member, or the “Nordegg Member”. A new occurrence of a late Toarcian ammonite, which constrains the age of the top of the Gordondale Member, is also reported.

The Hettangian to upper Toarcian Gordondale Member is an important hydrocarbon source rock and consists of dark brown, finely laminated, organic-rich, phosphatic and highly radioactive calcitic mudstones, calcilutites and fine-grained calcarenites. Fish fragments, pectinoid bivalves, Ostrea, belemnoids, ammonites, coccoliths and radiolarians are abundant. The Gordondale Member is laterally extensive and thins westward from a maximum thickness of approximately 50 m in the subsurface of west-central Alberta to 19 m at Pink Mountain in northeastern British Columbia.
The Heavy Metals Pollution Index and Water Quality Monitoring of the Zarrineh River, Iran
Authors: Poshtegal Maryam Khalilzadeh , Mirbagheri Seyed Ahmad
Published: July 2019

Water pollution is the most important reason to monitor and assess water quality. The chemical, physical, and biological quality of natural waters may be affected by anthropogenic activities such as industrial, urban, and agricultural activities. In the present study, the water quality of the Zarrineh River, one of the main rivers supplying water in the northwest of Iran, was investigated. A total of 21 sites were selected for surface water sampling during spring and winter (dry and wet) seasons. The concentrations of the metals aluminum, iron, barium, chromium, arsenic, copper, manganese, nickel, selenium, lead, and zinc were determined for source partition and heavy metal pollution index (HMPI) assessment during both the spring and winter seasons. Four important dominant factors in the principal component analysis depicted, in toto, 76.22 percent of the variance, with an initial eigenvalue greater than 1. The calculated HMPI for all the seasons and sampling stations was 66, fluctuating between 30 and 170 in single water sampling sites. The results showed that almost all locations fall into the high classes of the HMPI, but below the critical pollution index limit of 100. Apart from the gold mining establishments and industrial factories, the reasons for the increased concentrations of metals in the Zarrineh River may be attributed in particular to anthropogenic and mining activities.
Rock Mass Characterization and Stability Evaluation of Mount Rushmore National Memorial, Keystone, South Dakota
Authors: Poluga S. Lindsay , Shakoor Abdul , Bilderback Eric L.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to characterize the rock mass at Mount Rushmore National Memorial (MORU) and to evaluate the stability of the presidential sculptures. The sculptures are carved in granite, but quartz-mica schist and minor outcrops of pegmatite are also present within the site area. We divided the MORU area into four “regions” to collect discontinuity data. Since the sculptures were not accessible during this study, we used light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data and Split-FX software to determine the orientations of both the discontinuities and the slopes on the sculptures. The rock mass characterization results, using both the Rock Mass Rating system and the Q-system, indicate the granite, schist, and pegmatite classify as fair to good rock. Kinematic analysis results indicate that the potential for planar, wedge, and toppling failures exists for various slopes on each of the sculptures. The factor of safety (FS) values against planar and wedge sliding, ignoring cohesion, range from 0.1 to 0.8 and from 0.2 to 1.3, respectively. Since failures have not been observed at the memorial, we back-calculated the amount of cohesion required to raise the FS values to >1. The back-calculation results show that both cohesion and friction contribute to stability of the sculptures. Using the Slide program, we performed an overall slope probabilistic analysis for the slopes on which the MORU sculptures are located. The analysis determines the mean factor of safety (FSM), reliability index (RI), and probability of failure (PF) for the slopes. For the static condition, the analysis resulted in FSM, RI, and PF values ranging from 3.3 to 4.5 percent, 3.3 to 7.8 percent, and 0 percent, respectively. With a seismic load coefficient of 0.14 applied to the slopes, the corresponding values were: 2.6 to 4.1 percent, 2.9 to 4.7 percent, and 0 percent. For both the static and seismic conditions, the results indicate that, overall, the slopes of the sculptures are stable.