bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ice Accumulation Process and Risk Analysis in Casing pipes in Bohai Sea
Authors: Wang Shengyong , Zhang Dayong
Published: February 2023

Under the constraints of oil/gas reserves and ocean environment, most of the offshore platforms are simple and economical in structural design in Bohai Sea, China. Ice-induced vibration responses have been measured on those platform structures in winters. However, an ice plug was observed inside the casing pipes of the JZ9-3WHPA jacket platform in winter. During the interaction of an ice sheet and the ice plug, the test data shows that the ice-induced displacement response of the casing pipe structure increases significantly, and the ice force calculation also indicates that the casing pipes have a certain safety risk. In this paper, the formation process and mechanism of the ice plug are discussed based on field observations. Manual or mechanical methods are recommended to eliminate the ice plug to ensure the safety of the casing pipes.
Co-delivery of vancomycin, ampicillin nano-antibiotics by solid lipid nanoparticles on wound infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus: in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Taheri Mohammad , Arabestani Mohammad Reza , Asl Sara Soleimani , Kalhori Fereshteh , Asgari Masoumeh , Hosseini Seyed Mostafa
Published: February 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to prepare solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with vancomycin and ampicillin (Van-Amp-SLN) and compare their activity with free drug in reducing the number of Staphylococcus aureus and wound healing.
Methods Van-Amp-SLN were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation techniques. Bactericidal effect and characterization were examined. Well diffusion and MIC were used to define different nanodrug-bacterium interactions and their bactericidal effect. Then, in vivo, the topical antibacterial activity of each formulation against infection of Staphylococcus aureus strains in the wound was measured in a mouse model. Wound healing was evaluated over time and pathological studies.
Results Encapsulation and drug loading were 15.7±1.5%, and 95.15±2.6%, respectively in optimum formulations. The Van-Amp-SLN showed a significant decrease in the number of bacteria (P <0.05). Also more effectively suppress bacterial infection in vitro and in vivo than equivalent doses of free drug. The results of pathological examinations and wound healing process showed that Van-Amp-SLN heals wounds faster.
Conclusion The findings show that Van-Amp-SLN can be used as an excellent topical antimicrobial formulation for the treatment of bacterial skin infections.
Use of an Ammonium Quaternary Salt Obtained from Avocado as Corrosion Inhibitor of a Duplex Stainless Steel in CO 2 –Saturated NaCl Solution
Authors: Brito-Franco A. , Vazquez-Velez E. , Rios J. P. Florez-De los , Landeros-Martínez L. L. , Gonzalez-Rodriguez J. G.
Published: February 2023

A cationic, Ammonium quaternary surfactant, obtained from avocado essential oil has been used as a corrosion inhibitor for LDX 2101 duplex stainless steel in a CO2-saturated 3.5% NaCl solution. Used techniques involved potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results have shown that ammonium quaternary salt was an efficient mixed type of inhibitor although it affected more strongly the cathodic electrochemical reactions, with a decrease in the corrosion and current density and an increase in the pitting potential values; inhibitor had an efficiency that increased with its concentration from 0 to 25 ppm, but it decreased for higher concentrations. Inhibitor was adsorbed onto the steel surface on a mixed chemical-physical way dominated by a chemical type of adsorption, following a Langmuir type of adsorption isotherm. Corrosion process was charge transfer controlled and it was unaffected by the addition of the inhibitor. Theoretical studies in order to determine the relationship between electronic inhibitor properties and its inhibition efficiency have been carried out by using the DFT methodology.
A novel binding site on the cryptic intervening domain is a motif-dependent regulator of O-GlcNAc transferase
Authors: Blankenship Connor , Xie Jinshan , Benz Caroline , Wang Ao , Ivarsson Ylva , Jiang Jiaoyang
Published: February 2023

The modification of intracellular proteins with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties is a highly dynamic process that spatiotemporally regulates nearly every important cellular program. Despite its significance, little is known about the substrate recognition and regulation modes of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the primary enzyme responsible for O-GlcNAc addition. In this study, we have identified the intervening domain (Int-D), a poorly understood protein fold found only in metazoan OGTs, as a specific regulator of OGT protein-protein interactions and substrate modification. Utilizing an innovative proteomic peptide phage display (ProP-PD) coupled with structural, biochemical, and cellular characterizations, we discovered a novel peptide motif, employed by the Int-D to facilitate specific O-GlcNAcylation. We further show that disruption of Int-D binding dysregulates important cellular programs including nutrient stress response and glucose metabolism. These findings illustrate a novel mode of OGT substrate recognition and offer the first insights into the biological roles of this unique domain.
Molecular Detection of Urinary Microbiome in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Mestri Shadab , Hegde Sathisha , Toragall Makhadumsab M , A. Mujeeb M. , Pur . Sridevi I. , Ghagane Shridhar C.
Published: February 2023

Background: Since the prostate is located in an area that is susceptible to infectious agents in urine, it is rational to hypothesize that infectious agent that causes inflammation may be important in causing prostate cancer. To date, there is no single microorganism that is recognized to aid prostate cancer aetiology, yet various species of bacteria are doubted or known to induce prostatitis, symptomatic bacterial prostatitis-related microbes and pro-inflammatory bacterium.
Setting and Design: The left-over urine samples were collected from patients diagnosed with carcinoma of the prostate attending the Urologic Clinic with a prior consent form after a histopathological diagnosis was performed.
Materials and Methods: The urine samples were streaked over petri plates (MacConkey & Blood agar), Antibiotic susceptibility was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following DNA extraction, PCR and 16s rRNA sequencing of the resistant isolates.
Statistical Analysis: IBM SPSS version 20.0 was used for mean and standard error calculations along with percentages.
Results: Urine samples showed the presence of polymicrobial isolates (85%) with Escherichia coli being the predominant organism (31.00%). Among 48 isolates, 23 were found resistant to antibiotic treatment. The sequencing analysis revealed that Escherichia coli (7), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7) were predominant followed by Enterococcus faecalis (5), Proteus vulgaris (2) and Staphylococcus aureus (1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1).
Conclusions: The urine analysis revealed polymicrobial isolates indicating the presence of high microbial flora in men diagnosed with prostate cancer, indicating the prevalence of uropathogens and pro-inflammatory bacteria in the urinary tract of prostate cancer patients.
Resonant Thermal Transport Driven by Surface Phonon-Polaritons in a Cylindrical Cavity
Authors: Ordonez-Miranda Jose , Coral Maelie , Nomura Masahiro , Volz Sebastian
Published: February 2023

The axial thermal conductance of a cylindrical cavity supporting the propagation of hybridized guided modes along its interface with SiO2 is quantified and analyzed as a function of its radius and mean temperature. In contrast to the well-known radial thermal conductance, we show that the axial one increases with the cavity radius up to 1 cm, in which it takes its maximum that increases with temperature. A maximum thermal conductance of 289.4 nW/K-1 is found at 500K, which is more than 3 orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding one found in the far-field regime. This top polariton thermal conductance along the cavity is comparable to the radiative one predicted by Planck’s theory and thus represents a fundamental heat transport channel driven by hybridized guided modes able to amplify heat currents along a macroscale cylindrical cavity.
The Effect of Platelets to Lymphocyte Ratio on Overall Survival in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Zheng Xin , Shi Jin-Yu , Ruan Guo-Tian , Ge Yi-Zhong , Lin Shi-Qi , Liu Chen-An , Chen Yue , Xie Hai-Lun , Song Meng-Meng , Zhang Qi , Liu Tong , Yang Ming , Liu Xiao-Yue , Deng Li , Shi Han-Ping
Published: February 2023

cancer, and inflammatory indicators derived from complete blood cells are more economical and efficient. Patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing surgery are prone to metabolic disorders and malnutrition owing to gastrointestinal anatomical changes. Therefore, we aimed to select the best prognostic inflammatory index and explore the relationship between systemic inflammation and the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing surgery.
Methods: This prospective multicenter cohort study included 1165 participants from 4040clinical medical centers. The median age of participants was 61.0 (52.0, 68.0) years, and 775 were men. Five inflammation indices were used, and their cutoff values were calculated using maximally selected log-rank statistics. The concordance index (c-index) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to compare the accuracies of the different models. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the association between the platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the overall survival (OS) of patients. Subgroup analysis was then conducted to examine the OS in different populations, and interaction analysis was performed. We also investigated the relationship between PLR and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
Results: The c-index and prognostic ROC curve showed that PLR was superior to the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, prognostic nutritional index, advanced lung cancer inflammation index, and systemic immune-inflammatory index. After adjustment for potential confounders, a high PLR (hazards ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval=1.24–2.09, p<0.001) was associated with an increased OS. Shorter OS was observed with a high inflammatory status in most subgroups, but enteral nutrition showed an interaction with systemic inflammation (p=0.050). Additionally, individuals with high levels of inflammation are more likely to be admitted to the ICU.
Conclusion: PLR may be a better prognostic indicator for gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing surgery. Patients with a high PLR had a worse prognosis.
Mean HbA 1c , HbA 1c Variability, and All-cause and Cardiovascular Disease related Mortality in Older Men with Type 2 Diabetes, a Retrospective cohort study: A Focus on Early Glycemic Control
Authors: Hu Fan , Miao Xinyu , Lv Xiaoyang , Ren Longbing , Yang Fan , Liu Qianqian , Lu Yanhui , Gong Yanping , Yan Shuangtong , Tian Hui , Yao Yao , Li Chunlin
Published: February 2023

Background
Whether glycemic control and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) variability predict mortality in older late onset type 2 diabetes patients is understudied. We aim to study the association between the glycemic control and HbA1c variability and mortality in those population.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study of 519 older males with late onset type 2 diabetes and receiving early and continuous glycemic management was included with a follow-up of up to 11 years (2008–2019). We examined the association between mean HbA1c, HbA1c variability over time, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) related mortality, adjusting for a range of covariates including demographics, lifestyles, and comorbidities.
Results
The mean age of the study participants was 75.1 ± 9.8 years at baseline. The median following up duration was 6.4 ± 4.2 years. Both the mean HbA1c measured at baseline and across the follow-up period were associated with the risk of all-cause mortality. The HbA1c variability was an independent and significant predictor of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.27 [1.16–1.39]) in fully adjusted model. In contrast, the association of HbA1c variability and CVD related mortality was not marked. We found that patients with more intensive glycemic control with a HbA1c target of 7.0% (53mmol/mol) outlive those with target of 7.5% (53mmol/mol) (HR: 0.94 [0.91–0.97]).
Conclusions
Early glycemic control with a HbA1c target of 7.0% (53mmol/mol) and management on HbA1c variability might be beneficial for better outcomes among older men with late onset type 2 diabetes.
Biomechanical Characterization of Tissue Types in Murine Dissecting Aneurysms based on Histology and 4DUltrasound-Derived Strain
Authors: Hegner Achim , Cebull Hannah L. , Gamez Antonio J. , Blase Christopher , Goergen Craig J. , Wittek Andreas
Published: February 2023

Abdominal aortic aneurysm disease is the local enlargement of the aorta, typically in the infrarenal section, causing up to 200,000 deaths/year. In vivo information to characterize the individual elastic properties of the aneurysm wall in terms of rupture risk is lacking. We used a method that combines 4D ultrasound and direct deformation estimation to compute in vivo 3D Green-Lagrange strain in murine angiotensin II-induced dissecting aortic aneurysms, a commonly used mouse model. After euthanasia, histological staining of cross-sectional sections along the aorta was performed in areas where in vivo strains had previously been measured. The histological sections were segmented into intact and fragmented elastin, thrombus with and without red blood cells, and outer vessel wall including the adventitia. Meshes were then created from the individual contours based on the histological segmentations. The isolated contours of the outer wall and lumen from both imaging modalities were registered individually using a coherent point drift algorithm. 2D finite element models were generated from the meshes, and the displacements from the registration were used as displacement boundaries of the lumen and wall contours. Based on the resulting deformed contours, the strains recorded were grouped according to segmented tissue regions. Strains were highest in areas containing intact elastin without thrombus attachment. Strains in areas with intact elastin and thrombus attachment, as well as areas with disrupted elastin, were significantly lower. Strains in thrombus regions with red blood cells were significantly higher compared to thrombus regions without. We then compared this analysis to statistical distribution indices and found that the results of each aligned, elucidating the relationship between vessel strain and structural changes. This work demonstrates the possibility of advancing in vivo assessments to a micro-structural level ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Probability analysis of rock slope with nonlinear plane failure
Authors: Hu Chao , Lei Ruide , Su Xiaopeng , Qi Xing
Published: February 2023

The reliability of a rock slope is a main focus in the slope design to avoid landslide that is a significant threat to lives, architecture, and roads. Traditionally, the nonlinear shear strength of the majority of geotechnical materials has been neglected in favor of using the linear Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion to assess the reliability of a rock slope. The paper proposes an improved probability method to estimate the reliability of rock slopes. A novel analytical method to determine the safety factor of slopes with plane failure is derived based on the nonlinear strength criterion. Furthermore, an analytical method based on two-dimensional random field theory is proposed to determine the local mean value of a random variable on the failure surface, which can consider the spatial variability of shear strength, avoiding the random field simulation. The mean-value first-order second-moment method is adopted in combination with the proposed analytical methods to quantify the failure probability of rock slopes. To quickly search the minimum reliability index βmin, a dichotomy search method is proposed. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated in two cases.
Reduction of apparent temporal variations of tidal parameters by proper local response model
Authors: Ciesielski Adam , Forbriger Thomas , Zuern Walter , Rietbrock Andreas
Published: February 2023

We describe a new harmonic tidal analysis method, which constrains the solution to be near a reference model. This regularization stabilizes the linear regression, allowing us to infer model parameters for each tidal harmonic. This overcomes the need to create a priori groupings of harmonics. The inversion is done iteratively by adjusting the reference model to reduce the data misfit. The frequency dependence of the solution is thus data-driven. We find models for the different spherical degrees independently. Our procedure allows narrow-band variations of the tidal admittance. We test the hypothesis that some of the temporal variations of tidal parameters found in previous studies were caused by inappropriate body tide models in combination with a priori wave grouping. We determine a local response model from 11.5 years of data recorded by the superconducting gravimeter SG056 at Black Forest Observatory (BFO, Schiltach). Using this as an a priori model in a nonregularized moving window analysis of wave groups composed from summed harmonics, we find that periodic variations of groups M1, K1, µ2, N2, L2, and S2 are reduced by up to a factor of 7 compared to earlier studies. Some variations previously seen in the M2 group are captured as well.
Establishing Customer Behavior Through E-Commerce Websites in Newly Emerging Market
Authors: Vo Thi Huong Giang , Cho James , Le Khoa Huan , Luong Duy Binh
Published: February 2023

E-commerce is creating growth opportunities for e-retailers, especially during the Covid-19 outbreak. It increases the perceptions of both providers and customers toward their shopping convenience. In 2021, Vietnam became one of the fastest-growing countries among Southeast Asia’s Internet economies. However, both scholars and management practitioners have argued the inconsistent assessments of the factors affecting customer purchase behavior in online settings. Thus, this study aims to identify the critical factors influencing customer behavioral intention toward e-commerce websites that were adopted from well-established models and relevant literature. The online survey was the data collection method. All items were measured through a 5-point Likert scale. This study proposed and analyzed a conceptual framework using existing survey data from 312 samples in the context of online buying via e-commerce websites. Data were analyzed by using the statistical tool SPSS. The results indicated that factors including perceived usefulness, transaction security, perceived ease of use, trust, and subjective norm positively influence customer shopping intention. The results revealed the most prominent impact of the transaction security on customer purchase intention. Besides, perceived risk is a significant barrier in online shopping through e-commerce websites. The researchers have brought practical insights and made conceptual contributions by extending existing research on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) regarding online shopping on the e-commerce website. The paper helps to validate and strengthen the importance of customer purchase intention in an e-shopping environment. The findings would help e-commerce providers be able to formulate specific strategies to increase customer usage significantly. Moreover, managers can focus their attention and resources on the greatest significant factors regarding their effects on behavioral intention.
Impact of DNA Extraction Methods on Quantitative PCR Telomere Length Assay Precision in Human Saliva Samples
Authors: Smith Dana L. , Wu Calvin , Gregorich Steve , Dai Guorui , Lin Jue
Published: February 2023

Telomere length (TL) has emerged as a promising replicative cellular aging marker that reflects both genetic and non-genetic influences. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) TL measurement has been favored as a cost-effective method that can be easily implemented, especially in population studies with limited quantities of source material. However, several recent reports have revealed inconsistencies in telomere length measurements when applying different DNA extraction methods to the same source material. In this study we tested three DNA extraction methods on saliva samples from 48 participants of the National Growth and Health Study (NGHS) collected with DNA Genotek’s Oragene kit. The chosen extraction kits represent three distinct approaches to genomic DNA extraction from lysed cells and we employed two different operators to carry out all assays on the same samples. We measured DNA yield and quality and calculated the between-operator agreement of qPCR TL measurements (intraclass correlation, ICC). Our analyses showed that while both QIAamp and Agencourt DNAdvance had higher agreement between the 2 operators (ICC=0.937, CI [0.891, 0.965] and ICC=0.95, CI [0.911, 0.972] respectively), compared to PrepIT kit (ICC=0.809, CI [0.678, 0.889]), QIAamp extracted DNA samples were notably degraded. Using generalizability theory, we found that the participant-by-extraction-method interaction explained about 10% of total variation in TL, suggesting that TL differences across methods are somewhat participant-specific. Therefore, our results suggest that the among the three DNA extraction methods tested, Agencourt (magnetic bead purification) is the preferred kit, and we also strongly recommend against combining different extraction methods within a study population.
Moringa oleifera: a sustainable method to treat fluoride-contaminated water
Authors: Chowdareddy Shyla , Rajesh Chethan , Rajashekara Rakshitha , Nagaraju Pallavi
Published: February 2023

Excessive fluoride (F) is introduced into the water either by natural phenomenon or by industrial effluents. However, F in adequate amounts is necessary for sustaining good dental health. Contrarily, F concentrations in drinking water surpassing 1.5 mg/L may, nevertheless, be harmful to human health. F pollution in drinking water is a serious and challenging problem that affects people all over the world. Adsorption appears to be an effective, environmentally beneficial, and cost-effective approach to eliminating excessive F from drinking water in the present day. In this study, Moringa oleifera seed powder was employed as a natural adsorbent for defluoridation. The maximum removal efficiency was achieved for water with pH of 7.0, 1 mg/L of initial F concentration, contact time of 120 min, and adsorbent dose of 200 mg/L. SEM and FTIR were used to determine the structure, morphology, and other chemical composition features of the prepared M. oleifera seed powder. This work is anticipated to be readily implemented in real-time F elimination.
Removal effect of trihalomethanes (THMs) and halogenated acetic acids (HAAs) precursors in reclaimed water by polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulation
Authors: Wang Juncheng , Yue Wen , Wang Zhenghao , Bai Yu , Song Jina
Published: February 2023

This study analyzed the removal effect of various doses of polyaluminum chloride (PACI) on wastewater treatment plants at pH 7. The sewage plant's secondary effluent organic matter (EfOM) separates into four components: hydrophobic base (HOB), hydrophilic (HI), hydrophobic acid (HOA), and hydrophobic neutral (HON). The removal effect for various forms of organic waste is optimum at 16 mg/L and that halogenated acetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed simultaneously. After PACI treatment, hydrophobic organic compounds were converted to humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), soluble microbial products (SMPs), and other HI organic compounds, increasing the amount of HAAs produced by HI fractions. Removal rate of hydrophobic organic compounds, particularly HON, is 92.8% when using PAC. Moreover, after EfOM coagulation, most HAAs are trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), followed by bromochloroacetic acid (BCAA) and bromodichloroacetic acid (BDCAA). Only HOB can produce monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), whereas HA and SMPs with HOA are primary components of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA). The toughest removable byproduct of THMs is CHBr3, and after condensation of each THM component, only HOA and HON produce CHBr3, while HI produces only a minimal quantity of CHBrCl2 and CHCl3.This finding is critical for understanding how disinfection byproducts are produced after chlorinating EfOM.
Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide
Authors: Ming Wei , Hu Sha , Liu Ye , Li Qu-Ao-Wei , Zhu Yuan-Yuan , Gu Shuang-Xi
Published: February 2023

β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN), a key precursor in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in mammals, has significant effects in replenishing NAD+ levels in the body, so it has obvious ameliorative effects on metabolic and age-related degenerative diseases. β-NMN is widely used in healthcare products, food, and cosmetics. It has considerable commercial worth and promising medical application prospects. Hence, the development of methods for preparing β-NMN is of great research significance. This review summarized and analyzed recent developments in the chemical synthesis of β-NMN from various starting materials, which could provide helpful references for the investigation of new synthetic techniques for β-NMN and encourage its further development and large-scale application.
Structural Insight into Privileged Heterocycles as Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and brucei Agents
Authors: Razzaghi-Asl Nima , Abbasi Shiran Jafar , Ghanbari Mina , Mohammadnejadi Elaheh
Published: February 2023

Trypanosomiasis is caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes in vertebrates. T. cruzi and T. brucei are causative agents of Chagas disease (CD) and Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), respectively. These life-threatening diseases are a serious threat to public health, with con-siderable incidence in sub-Saharan African and continental Latin America countries. Although WHO validated mitigated number of HAT cases in Togo (June 2020) and Cote d’Ivoire (December 2020), serious efforts need to be performed for the elimination of the disease. Antigenic variation of trypanosomal parasites provides a major bottleneck for developing effective vaccines. In the ab-sence of human vaccines or chemoprophylaxis, the control of trypanosomatid infections may be en-visaged through the eradication of vectors, management of animal reservoirs, and chemotherapy. A small number of chemical agents are currently available for antitrypanosomal treatments, and most of them are associated with toxicity, lack of efficacy, and non-oral route of administration. Given the restricted applicability of current medications, numerous efforts have been made for the synthe-sis and biological evaluation of heterocyclic scaffolds as antitrypanosomal candidates. In light of the above considerations, we were prompted to describe chemical diversity within privileged 5-membered heterocycles (imidazoles, thiazoles, triazoles and tetrazoles) as antitrypanosomal agents. The main purpose of the study was to throw light on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the relevant structures. To capture the recent structural diversity within reported cases, small molecules that belonged to the recent 7-year period (2015-2021) have been discussed. The available medica-tions have also been briefly reviewed.
ANALISIS PREFERENSI KONSUMEN SUSU PASTEURISASI PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD “MILKAYA” DI CV MILKINESIA NUSANTARA
Authors:   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Ramadhani Faiz , Yulistiani Ratna ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Priyanto Anugerah Dany ,   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Estiasih Teti ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Putranto Angky Wahyu ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: February 2023

Ponorogo menjadi satu dari 38 daerah terbesar yang menghasilkan susu di Jawa Timur, namun konsumsi olahan susu sapi masih kurang. Mengetahui preferensi konsumen dan menetapkan atribut yang paling diperhatikan berdasarkan persepsi konsumen terhadap produk susu pasteurisasi menggunakan teknologi Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) “Milkaya” hasil produksi CV Milkinesia Nusantara adalah tujuan dari riset ini. Atribut produk yang dipakai adalah varian rasa, kemasan, harga, dan lokasi pembelian. Lokasi ditentukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling yakni secara sengaja dan sampel responden dengan nonprobability sampling dengan 100 responden rentang usia 7-12 tahun. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk karakteristik responden, uji validitas, reliabilitas, dan analisis preferensi dengan metode konjoint. Preferensi konsumen susu pasteurisasi PEF “Milkaya” yaitu, varian rasa coklat, kemasan bantal, harga jual 4000, dan lokasi pembelian di outlet Milkaya. Urutan atribut yang digunakan konsumen sebagai pertimbangan utama adalah varian rasa, lokasi pembelian, harga, dan model kemasan.
The Compounds Activity of Black Potato (Plectranthus rotundifolius) as an Antioxidant Nutraceutical
Authors:   Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Natasya Cindy , E. R. Safrina Maureta ,   Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, E. S. Ningrum Salsabila ,   Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Fitriyani Fitriyani ,   Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, A. Zahra Lisa ,   Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Ma’arif Burhan ,   Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University
Published: February 2023

Black potato (Plectranthus rotundifolius) is one of the horticultural plants that has potential as nutraceutical food and also contain bioactive compounds such as being rich in flavonoids, especially anthocyanins. The potential benefits of black potatoes are not widely known by public, so it is necessary to cultivate one of them by processing it into food such as instant porridge, which is then labeled as B-PORIS product. The reason for choosing instant porridge was because it is a practical food product. This research aimed to prove that instant porridge from black potato contains bioactive compounds flavonoids, especially anthocyanins. These instant porridges are made with the appropriate ratio in 3 formulations with different parameters of black potato flour concentration, formulation 1 10%, formulation 2 9%, and formulation 3 11%. This research was conducted with organoleptic tests, moisture content tests, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and hedonic tests. The results of the organoleptic test obtained soft texture, characteristic chocolate smell, brown color, and slightly sweet and sweeter taste. The results of moisture content test were qualified with water content of not more than 7%. The results of flavonoid and anthocyanin test obtained positive results in all of formulations. The hedonic test result 80-90% of panelists indicate choose an option like, and really like in questionnaires, results demonstrated that formulation 3 was most likely. So it can be concluded that black potato tubers has the potential to become a nutraceutical product as an instant porridge with antioxidant effect that received and liked by various groups of age.
Ointment Formulation from Collagen Extract of Tilapia Fish Skin (Oreochromis niloticus) for Healing Burns in Mus musculus
Authors:   Chemistry, Matematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Triadi Nugroho Romy , Saputra Gilang ,   Chemistry, Matematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Nurul Aini Annisa ,   Chemistry, Matematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Andini Indira Dewi Aisha ,   Chemistry, Matematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Lasmana Tarigan Indra ,   Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Burns are injuries that caused by contact with a heat source. The natural alternative burn treatment can use hydrolyzed collagen derived from aquatic ecosystems, one of them is fish. Objectives: The aim of this research was to find the optimum formulation of tilapia fish collagen extract ointment. Methods: Fish skin that has been separated was prepared using the solution of NaOH 0,1 N and Butyl Alcohol 10%.Then the fish skin was extracted using a 0.5 M acetic acid solution and precipitated with a 0.9 M NaCl solution. Then, dialysis was performed using a plastic membrane (14 KDa) in a 0.1 M acetic acid solution and distilled water to obtain a wet collagen extract which was then in the FreezeDryer to reduce the water content. Results: The collagen extract obtained was used for ointment formulations with different concentrations of collagen extract, that is 5%, 10%, and 15% and 2 additional miana plant extracts were used with collagen extract 5+5% and 10+10%. The results of the formulation were tested on burns with a diameter of 0.715 cm in mice. Conclusion: From the results of the effectiveness test, the formulation with 15% collagen extract showed effective results. Indicated by the rate of wound healing in mice observations
Prawidłowe postępowanie członków Zespołów Ratownictwa Medycznego w sytuacjach trudnych
Authors: Bachman Iwona , Małecka Beata
Published: February 2023

Wstęp. Praca w Zespołach Ratownictwa Medycznego to stresująca i odpowiedzialna służba. Medycy na co dzień stykają się z trudnymi sytuacjami. Podejmują ważne decyzje, patrzą na ludzki ból i cierpienie. Są świadkami śmierci i nowego życia. Ratują, pomagają, leczą a przy tym wszystkim są tylko ludźmi kierującymi się emocjami, potrzebującymi wypoczynku, a niekiedy wsparcia.

Cel. Celem badań była ocena prawidłowego postępowania członków Zespołów Ratownictwa Medycznego w sytuacjach trudnych.

Materiał i metody. Grupę badawczą stanowiło 120 osób, członków Zespołów Ratownictwa Medycznego. Użyta metoda – sondaż diagnostyczny, narzędzie badawcze – autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Do obliczeń zależności pomiędzy kilkoma poziomami zmiennych zastosowano test Chi Kwadrat Pearsona. Przedstawiono w pracy analizy tablic krzyżowych, gdzie zachodziła różnica istotna statystycznie czyli relacja pomiędzy jedną zmienną a drugą.

Wyniki. W przeprowadzonym badaniu wzięły udział kobiety – 19 osób i mężczyźni 101 osób. Ankietowani wskazali, że sytuacje najbardziej traumatyczne, to nagłe zdarzenia z udziałem dzieci. Wyjazdy do zdarzeń z udziałem pacjenta z kategorii "ładuj i jedź", przez samych ratowników również są określane, jako sytuacje trudne. Najmniej natomiast problemów, dostrzegają w zdarzeniach z udziałem osób pobudzonych, leczonych psychiatrycznie.

Wnioski. Uzyskane badania wykazały, że pracownicy medyczni bez względu na wykonywany zawód, w sposób szczególny są przygotowywani do pracy w służbach ratowniczych, jednakże w sytuacjach traumatycznych nie zawsze podejmują najbardziej skuteczne działania.

Na prawidłowe postępowanie członków Zespołów Ratownictwa Medycznego w wybranych sytuacjach trudnych ma wpływ czas pracy i wypoczynek, nie ma natomiast wpływu wiedza i doświadczenie zawodowe oraz wiek, a także płeć. Decyzja o zawodzie, podjęta w późnym wieku oraz wiek rozpoczęcia pracy w Zespole Ratownictwa Medycznego, również nie wpływają na działania ratownicze podejmowane w sytuacjach traumatycznych.
Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem w przebiegu raka płuc
Authors: Szyjkowska Emilia
Published: February 2023

Wstęp. Rak płuc jest to nowotwór złośliwy o bardzo heterogennej biologii i złym rokowaniu. Nowotwór ten jest najczęstszą przyczyną zgonów. Rak ten ma objawy o charakterze nieswoistym, które pojawiają się późno. Nowotwór płuc dotyczy osób starszych. Głównymi czynnikami ryzyka powstawania raka płuc są: aktywne palenie tytoniu, bierne palenie tytoniu. Rak płuca przez bardzo długi czas nie daje objawów i dolegliwości. Głównymi problemami, z którymi musi uporać się pielęgniarka są: ból w klatce piersiowej, nasilająca się duszność spoczynkowa, kaszel, krwioplucie, gorączka. Podstawowymi badaniami służącymi do diagnostyki tego nowotworu są badania krwi oraz RTG klatki piersiowej. Najczęstsze metody leczenia to chemioterapia, radioterapia oraz leczenie chirurgiczne.

Cel. Celem pracy jest określenie zadań sprawowanych przez pielęgniarkę w planie opieki wdrażanej wobec pacjenta z rakiem płuc.

Prezentacja przypadku. Pacjent lat 66 przyjęty do oddziału chorób płuc w trybie pilnym w celu pogłębienia diagnostyki zmiany guzowatej płuca lewego w wykonanym ambulatoryjnie RTG klatki piersiowej. Jest to druga doba pobytu chorego w oddziale. Jest nałogowym palaczem tytoniu. Dodatkowymi chorobami są refluks żołądkowo-przełykowy oraz przerost gruczołu krokowego i nadciśnienie tętnicze.

Wnioski. Dominującymi problemami pielęgnacyjnymi pacjenta z rakiem płuc są: duszność spoczynkowa, męczący kaszel z odkrztuszaniem krwistej wydzieliny, ból w klatce piersiowej, wzmożona potliwość, zaparcia. Zadaniem pielęgniarki w opiece nad pacjentem z rakiem płuc jest udział w minimalizowaniu wszelkich dolegliwości wynikających z choroby, asystowanie przy zaspokajaniu potrzeb pacjenta, wsparcie psychiczne dla pacjenta oraz jego rodziny w przebiegu choroby o niepomyślnym rokowaniu.
Laktacja - rola karmienia piersią i jej wpływ na rozwój dziecka
Authors: Jabłońska Aneta
Published: February 2023

Wstęp. Laktacja to naturalny fizjologiczny proces zachodzący w kobiecym organizmie.  Dotyczy każdej kobiety w ciąży. Rozpoczyna się już w momencie pojawienia się dziecka w matczynym łonie i polega na produkcji mleka w piersiach, a następnie na jego wydzielaniu.

Cel. Celem pracy było przedstawienie zasad, zalet karmienia piersią oraz promocji i edukacji matek w tym zakresie.

Materiał i metody. Metoda zastosowana w pracy to analiza literatury dotyczącej karmienia naturalnego.

Przegląd. Mleko matki nie tylko odżywia, lecz także chroni dziecko. Zaspakaja wszystkie potrzeby żywieniowe dziecka. Karmienie piersią jest także intensywną i intymną relacją między matką a dzieckiem. Stwarza silną więź emocjonalną, która ma ogromne znaczenie dla rozwoju dziecka.

Wnioski. Laktacja jest naturalnym fizjologicznym zjawiskiem, które zachodzi w organizmie kobiety wraz z poczęciem dziecka. Mleko matki ma pełne właściwości odżywcze i całkowicie pokrywa potrzeby żywieniowe dziecka. Składniki mleka kobiecego chronią niemowlę przed zakażeniami bakteryjnymi i wirusowymi oraz zapobiegają alergiom pokarmowym. Każda kobieta spodziewająca się dziecka, powinna mieć świadomość, że na przebieg laktacji wpływa wiele czynników, dlatego też powinna przejść edukację w zakresie karmienia piersią.
Thoughts on the Interpretation of ‘天下皆知美之爲美, 斯惡已’ in Chapter 2 of Daodejing(道德經)
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Lee Jong-Sang , Lee Dong-A
Published: February 2023

The chapter Two in Wang Bi version(王弼本) corresponds to chapter One of Chu bamboo Chujian version(楚簡本) because Chu bamboo Chujian version(楚簡本) does not include a chapter equivalent to chapter One in Wang Bi version(王弼本). Accordingly, the chapter Two would be very important one in Daodejing(道德經). But the interpretations for the first sentence of the chapter Two, ‘天下皆知美之爲美, 斯惡已.’ are very different each other according to translator so that whole meaning of the chapter Two might be varied depending upon how to interpret the sentence.
The purpose of this study is designed to newly interpret the sentence, ‘天下皆知美之爲美, 斯惡已.’ after suggesting the causes for different interpretations on the sentence in the past and the problems.
For ‘天下皆知美之爲美, 斯惡已.’, its interpretation can be varied according to in what meanings ‘Wei(爲: to become)’ and words just before ‘Yi(已)’ are figured out, and according to thing to be pointed out by demonstrative pronoun ‘Si(斯: this)’. However, it is difficult to provide a right interpretation in existing way.
The subject of ‘天下皆知美之爲美.’ is Jie(皆: all) and Tianxia(天下: under heaven) is a modifier for Jie(皆). Zhi(知: to know) is main verb and ‘美之爲美’ is a final clause. In the final clause, the subject is Mei(美: beauty), Zhi(之) is subjective case particle, Wei(爲) is a verb meaning ‘to become ~.’, and Mei(美) is a complement. Accordingly, a new interpretation on the sentence says, ‘all the people under heaven know that beauty becomes beauty.’ And demonstrative pronoun ‘Si(斯: this)’ points out ‘Weimei(爲美: to become beauty)’, ‘E(惡: ugliness)’ is a complement. Accordingly, ‘斯惡已’ is interpreted as ‘to become beauty is ugliness.’ That is, ‘惡之爲美: ugliness becomes beauty.’ Therefore, the sentence, ‘天下皆知美之爲美, 斯惡已.’ can be interpreted as ‘when all the people under heaven know that beauty becomes beauty, to become beauty is ugliness.’
The Role of the Media and Civil Society in Intelligence Accountability
Authors: Yauri-Miranda Jaseff Raziel
Published: February 2023

This article analyses the accountability of intelligence agencies in Spain and Brazil. Drawing from critical intelligence studies, this article will argue that the goal of accountability is to expand legitimacy by incorporating the civil society. This requires redeveloping the scope of intelligence and its audience beyond legal norms and traditional decision-makers. To do so, the article will consider the following actors: 1) the media; 2) whistleblowers and leaks; 3) scholars; and 4) fiction writers. These actors may complement intelligence by gathering information or acting as knowledge advisory groups. Moreover, they can also challenge intelligence by promoting deeper scrutiny and transparency, while constructing archetypes that represent secret agencies. The conclusion will summarize the strengths and limitations deriving from these actors to promote accountability. It will also claim that, through a critical approach, exploring new accountability forms are necessary to expand the social legitimacy of intelligence policies.
Received: 2022-10-07Revised: 2022-01-05
Proliferation and Use of Improvised Explosive Devices in West Africa
Authors: Bajon Theò
Published: February 2023

The use and proliferation of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) in West Africa has intensified over the past two decades. Until now, the study of these phenomena and their impacts has rarely provided an overview of the status and evolution of IEDs proliferation and use in the sub-region. Through the implementation of a quantitative and qualitative incident methodology, this paper aims to establish a baseline of the state of proliferation intensity and a perspective on the nature of IEDs use in West Africa from 2010 to mid-2022. The results of this work shed light on how IEDs have proliferated in the sub-region through a geographical, strategic, operational, technical and contextual intensification of their uses. The paper thus provides a historical overview, while exploring potential future trends in the field.
Received: 2022-11-22Revised: 2023-01-24
NATO’S CONCEPT FOR THE DETERRENCE AND DEFENCE OF THE EURO-ATLANTIC AREA
Authors: Janzen Jay
Published: February 2023

On November 21, 2022, Brigadier-General (retired) Jay Janzen, Director of Strategic Communications with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, presented NATO’s Concept for the Deterrence and Defence of the Euro-Atlantic Area at the 2022 West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS-Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were NATO’s renewed focus on deterrence and defence, the concept of Deter and Defend, and the new force model.
 
Received: 2023-01-06Revised: 2023-01-09
DATA & INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY: THE RISK OF AI ENABLED CYBER ATTACKS AND QUANTUM HACKING
Authors: Prox Ryan
Published: February 2023

On November 21, 2022, Dr. Ryan Prox, Adjunct Professor in the School of Criminology at Simon Fraser University, presented on Data & Infrastructure Security: The Risk of AI Enabled Cyber Attacks and Quantum Hacking. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the evolution of data and infrastructure security, the increasing interconnectedness of critical infrastructure, and the need to increase resilience in the face of revolutionary technological advancements.
 
Received: 2023-01-23Revised: 2023-01-27
EXTREMIST RECRUITMENT AND EXTREMIST SENTIMENT NORMALIZATION
Authors: Miller-Idriss Cynthia
Published: February 2023

On November 23, 2022, Dr. Cynthia Miller-Idriss, Director of the Polarization and Extremism Research and Innovation Lab (PERIL) at American University, presented on Extremist Recruitment and Extremist Sentiment Normalization. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were conceptualisation and context of far-right extremism, the development and trends of the movement globally, and suggested directions for prevention.
 
Received: 2022-12-27Revised: 2023-01-08
RESPONDING TO CRISES: STRATEGIES FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT WHEN ASSISTING CITIZENS IN CRISIS
Authors: Rampersad Dara
Published: February 2023

On November 23, 2022, Dr. Dara Rampersad presented Responding to Crises: Strategies for Law Enforcement When Assisting Citizens in Crisis. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were how first responders can protect themselves and their mental health, and various de-escalation techniques to use in times of crisis.
 
Received: 2023-01-06Revised: 2023-01-11
BUILDING TRUST IN COMMUNITIES: STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Murray Dennis
Published: February 2023

On November 24, 2022, Assistant Chief Constable (ACC) Dennis Murray of Thames Valley Police presented Building Trust in Communities: Strategic and Tactical Considerations. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the ways in which legitimacy influences community trust, the strategic and tactical considerations for organisations seeking to raise legitimacy, and the ways in which law enforcement can successfully build long-term and sustained trust in communities.
 
Received: 2023-01-15Revised: 2023-01-18
POLICING PUBLIC PROTESTS
Authors: Price Colum
Published: February 2023

On November 24, 2022, Mr. Colum Price, police advisor for the Royal Brunei Police Force and owner of Top2% training and consultancy, presented Policing Public Protests. The key points discussed were the challenges of managing the freedom to protest, the Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Programme (JESIP), and various frameworks to mitigate risk during large-scale public events. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives.
 
Received: 2023-01-04Revised: 2023-01-24
STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR MANAGING PROTESTS: A NEW ERA
Authors: Brewer John
Published: February 2023

On November 24, 2022, Chief Superintendent (CS) John Brewer, acting Criminal Operations Officer for Core Policing from the British Columbia Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), presented Strategic Considerations for Managing Protests: A New Era. The key points discussed were the objectives of modern-day protests, the individuals attending protests who pose potential security threats, and recommendations on mitigating those security threats.
 
Received: 2022-12-23Revised: 2023-01-02
POLICING DURING CRISES AND IN AN ERA OF NEW CHALLENGES
Authors: Manak Del
Published: February 2023

On November 24, 2022, Chief Constable Del Manak of the Victoria Police Department presented on Policing During Crises and in an Era of New Challenges. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points of discussion were the methods of dealing with protests, priorities and issues during protests, the lessons learned during the Ottawa Freedom Convoy protest, and the benefits of collaboration between police agencies.
 
Received: 2022-12-20Revised: 2022-12-29