bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on integrating family planning and nutrition: a qualitative study of stakeholders
Authors: Shinde Sachin , Partap Uttara , Ali Nazia Binte , Ouédraogo Moussa , Laiser Yohana , Shah Iqbal , Fawzi Wafaie
Published: February 2025

Background

Limited information is available on the value of integrating family planning and nutrition services to improve related outcomes among women of reproductive age and effective approaches to achieve this. This study aimed to ascertain the perspectives and experiences of global and regional stakeholders about integrating family planning and nutrition services, examine facilitators and barriers and identify opportunities and considerations for integration.

Methods

We conducted semistructured interviews with 34 global and regional stakeholders in family planning, nutrition and related domains. Participants were identified through purposive sampling. Interviews were conducted virtually, recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Stakeholders considered the integration of family planning and nutrition services potentially valuable given the biological links between family planning and nutritional status, and potential practical benefits including increased service coverage, reduced burden on beneficiaries to access services and increased cost-effectiveness of service delivery. Integration was commonly described within the context of comprehensive health service packages, with integration models encompassing health systems strengthening, life course and multisectoral approaches. Facilitators and barriers included systemic and structural, resource-related and contextual factors. The need for more robust evidence to support integration and identify effective and cost-effective integration models was emphasised.

Conclusions

Integrating family planning with nutrition services and both with other health services directed towards women of reproductive age and their children may offer greater value in improving health and related outcomes, as opposed to siloed approaches. Further evidence quantifying benefits and highlighting the effectiveness of such integration strategies is key to informing future programmatic efforts.
Timely short-term specialised palliative home care for older people with frailty and their family: a mixed-methods pilot randomised controlled trial and process evaluation
Authors: de Nooijer Kim , Van Den Noortgate Nele , Pype Peter ,   Frailty+ trial group, Pivodic Lara , Van den Block Lieve
Published: February 2025

Objective

The primary study aims were to evaluate the implementation, mechanisms and context of a timely short-term specialised palliative care intervention for older people with frailty (Frailty+ intervention) as well as to assess the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate Frailty+. Our secondary aim was to describe any preliminary effects of Frailty+.

Design

Pilot randomised controlled trial with process evaluation.

Setting/Participants

We aimed to recruit 50 adults (≥70 years) with Clinical Frailty Scale score 5–7, and complex care needs and their main family carer, if available, from two Belgian hospitals on discharge.

Interventions

Patients were randomised to the Frailty+ intervention alongside standard care or standard care alone.

Outcome measures

Implementation and trial feasibility were assessed through interviews, focus groups and quantitative data. The primary outcome to be used in a potential full-scale trial if the study is feasible and implementable was mean change in five palliative care symptoms over 8 weeks.

Results

We enrolled 37 patients (19 intervention, 18 control) and 26 family carers (15 intervention, 11 control). Patients and family carers valued the home visits from palliative care nurses, and nurses saw value in Frailty+. But most patients received only one visit over 8 weeks, and nurses did not organise foreseen multidisciplinary meetings, referring to absence of urgent needs. Many aspects of the trial methods were feasible, but recruitment was challenging. The baseline mean score on the five palliative care symptoms was 6.0 and 5.6 in intervention and control group, respectively; and 4.5 and 4.1 at 8 weeks (adjusted ratio 1.0, ie, no effects on symptoms).

Conclusions

While Frailty+ was generally welcomed by older people with frailty, families and palliative care nurses, our process evaluation uncovered multiple barriers, mostly rooted in the current organisation of specialised palliative care that is tailored to advanced stages of illness. Ensuring timely access requires efforts beyond timely referral alone, and implies profound organisational and cultural change.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN39282347.
Counting the cost of hospitalised injury using administrative data in Australia: three considerations from a retrospective cohort data linkage study
Authors: Afoakwah Clifford , Warren Jacelle , McCreanor Victoria , Banu Shahera , Schuetz Michael , McPhail Steven M , Vallmuur Kirsten
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To examine the relative differences in injury hospitalisation cost estimates from hospital administrative data when using (1) hospital reimbursement based on National Efficient Price (NEP) versus local hospital costings methods, (2) inflation factors based on Consumer Price Index (CPI) versus health group index and (3) different healthcare funder’s perspectives.

Design

Retrospective population-based cohort study of linked Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection dataset and National Hospital Cost Data Collection data.

Setting

All admitted injury-related care episodes occurring within a major trauma hospital in Queensland during 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017.

Outcome measure

Total in-patient hospitalisation cost associated with an episode of care.

Results

Injury without catastrophic/severe complications or comorbidities was the most frequently occurring Australian Refined Diagnosis-Related Groups (AR-DRG) over the 6-year period, while rehabilitation with catastrophic complications or comorbidities was the most expensive ($37 938, 95% CI $36 067 to $39 809). Among the top 10 AR-DRGs, seven had NEP-based cost estimates substantially higher than the hospital-reported costs, with differences varying between 2.6% and 43.0%. CPI-inflated costs were significantly lower than health group index-inflated estimates, with observed differences between 7.7% (95% CI 6.9% to 8.7%) and 11.9% (95% CI 10.8% to 13.1%) for the same AR-DRG. Finally, cost estimates were significantly higher for care funded by private health insurers compared with care funded by either the public insurer or compulsory third-party injury insurers, with differences varying significantly between 8.4% (95% CI 7.2% to 30.1%) and 55.0% (95% CI 53.3% to 56.9%) for the same AR-DRG. Care funded by compulsory third-party injury insurers, however, incurred the highest cost for the most expensive AR-DRGs.

Conclusion

There were considerable discrepancies in cost estimates for common injury-related hospitalisations depending on type of costing method used, inflation metrics applied and healthcare funder’s perspective adopted. These factors need to be considered when evaluating hospital cost in Australia’s health system using administrative data.
Using Days Alive and Out of Hospital to measure inequities and explore pathways through which inequities emerge after coronary artery bypass grafting in Aotearoa New Zealand: a secondary data analysis using a retrospective cohort
Authors: Boyle Luke , Curtis Elana , Paine Sarah-Jane , Tamatea Jade , Lumley Thomas , Merry Alan Forbes
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To describe the use of days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) as a sensitive measure of equity of outcomes after surgery by comparing outcomes after a coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) operation between Māori and non-Māori patients in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

We calculated unadjusted and risk-adjusted DAOH scores at three time points (30, 90 and 365 days) and compare values between Māori and non-Māori using data from the New Zealand Ministry of Health (MoH) over a 9 year period. To assess the impact of different risk factors on differences in outcome, we risk-adjust for multiple factors individually and collectively, to begin to elucidate possible pathways for equity gaps.

Results

After our comparisons, Māori patients experienced fewer unadjusted DAOH90at seven out of nine deciles. After risk-adjustment, the differences ranged from 8 days to 0 days when considering different risk factors. The equity gap was widest at the lower deciles and was most reduced after adjusting for the Measuring Multi Morbidity (M3) score. The equity gap widened as the time period extended from 30 to 90 to 365 days.

Conclusion

Māori patients who underwent a CABG operation experienced fewer DAOH than non-Māori patients even after adjusting for multiple possible explanatory variables, and this difference increased over time postoperatively. Importantly, our results illustrate the value of DAOH as a sophisticated outcome metric that can reflect the complex and accumulative impacts of disadvantage and discrimination faced by Indigenous peoples both here in New Zealand and worldwide. It has considerable potential to increase our understanding of how and where inequities arise on the entire patient journey.
Comparison of glycosylated fibronectin versus soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase/placental growth factor ratio testing for the assessment of pre-eclampsia: protocol for a multicentre diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Elbarbary Nouran , Wang Chao , Ganapathy Ramesh , Green Marcus , Fisher Sarah , Thilaganathan Basky , Bhide Amarnath
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Pre-eclampsia is a condition associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The prediction of pre-eclampsia in high-risk populations using angiogenic markers, such as serum placental growth factor (PlGF) assessment, has been shown to improve maternal outcomes and is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). However, such tests are not yet available at the point of care (POC). Glycosylated fibronectin (GlyFn) level for the prediction of pre-eclampsia development is available as a POC test (Lumella) and has the potential to aid rapid clinical decision making. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the sensitivity of the GlyFn test is not inferior to that of the current gold standard of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt)/PlGF-based laboratory testing for pre-eclampsia.

Methods and analysis

This is a multicentre prospective study. Women at risk for pre-eclampsia based on predefined clinical and/or obstetric risk factors will be invited to participate in the study. The recruitment target is 400 participants. Consenting participants will have paired samples for sFlt/PlGF together with POC GlyFn testing. Two follow-up visits are planned at 2 and 4 weeks after the initial recruitment where repeat testing with both tests will be performed. The clinical team will be blinded to the results of the GlyFn test but not that of the sFlt/PlGF test. Clinical care will be based on established protocols incorporating maternal/fetal evaluation and the results of sFlt/PlGF levels. Maternal and neonatal outcome data will be collected to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the tests, with the primary outcome being delivery for pre-eclampsia within 4 weeks.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from the Health Research Authority and Health and Care Research Wales Ethics Committee. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN13430018
Does welfare technology contribute to security, activity, participation and independence within municipal elder care? A qualitative study protocol
Authors: Baudin Katarina , Österholm Johannes , Hellström Ingrid , Baric Vedrana B , Larsson Ranada Åsa
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In Swedish municipal elder care, there is a growing expectation that welfare technology (WT) will play a pivotal role in addressing the increasingly complex needs of older persons who receive municipal elder care. As the ageing population continues to rise, the strain on welfare resources both, human and financial, intensifies. The adoption of WT holds promise for enhancing the well-being of older persons, their significant others, organisations and caregiving staff. However, the perspectives of older persons, significant others, staff and decision-makers’ on the aspects of security, activity, independence and participation that WT aims to influence needs further investigation. Thus, the overall purpose of the project is to explore how WT is perceived, implemented and experienced by different stakeholders within municipal elder care and to determine if, and how, WT contributes to the person’s security, activity, participation and independence.

Methods and analysis

The project has a qualitative approach and will use thematic analysis. Data will be collected through semistructured interviews with different stakeholders—(a) older persons, (b) significant others, (c) staff and (d) decision-makers (ie, local politicians and local governmental officials)—in organisations within municipal elder care that use WT.

Ethics and dissemination

The study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2023-07203-01). All participants will provide informed consent. Dissemination of the results will be achieved through scientific publications and presentations at national and international conferences. During manuscript preparation, the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research will be followed. The knowledge gained from the project will be shared with participating organisations, where presentations and discussions regarding the project will be offered. Stakeholders and the public will also be offered opportunities to attend seminars and lectures provided by participating universities.
Lower circulating mitochondrial DNA and increased mitokines suggest significant mitochondrial dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement
Authors: Halfon Matthieu , Memon Ashfaque A , Hedelius Anna , Pascual Manuel , Sundquist Kristina , Ribi Camillo
Published: February 2025

Background

SLE is associated with significant morbidity, especially in the case of renal involvement. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in SLE and may be assessed by measuring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and cytokines reflecting mitochondrial stress (mitokines). Circulating mtDNA is a promising biomarker in SLE and appears to be reduced in severe SLE. However, measuring circulating mtDNA is challenging and reported methods are heterogenous. Our study aimed at evaluating whole blood mtDNA to nuclear DNA (nucDNA) ratio using droplet-digital PCR and circulating mitokines, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and fibroblast growth factor 21 in SLE with and without renal involvement.

Methods

Cross-sectional study involving 195 patients with SLE and age-matched healthy volunteers (HV) as control. Biomarkers were compared in patients with and without renal involvement (defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min or proteinuria >0.5 g/day) and in those with active and inactive SLE.

Results

Compared with HV, patients with SLE displayed lower mtDNA/nucDNA ratios, especially in the case of renal involvement. Accordingly, mitokines were increased in patients with SLE with renal involvement. We found no correlation between mtDNA/nucDNA ratio and global disease activity. Mitokine levels, on the other hand, correlated with disease activity, in particular GDF-15 even after adjusting for renal involvement.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that lower whole blood mtDNA/nucDNA ratio, a surrogate marker for mitochondrial dysfunction, reflects renal damage, while GDF-15 may also reflect disease activity in SLE. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical value of these markers as predictors for active lupus nephritis.
Subpectoral plexus block to enhance surgical anesthesia produced by a multilevel thoracic paravertebral block for primary breast cancer surgery: a prospective randomized double-blind study
Authors: Karmakar Manoj Kumar , Pakpirom Jatuporn , Songthamwat Banchobporn , Sivakumar Ranjith Kumar , Samy Winnie
Published: February 2025

Background and objectives

The efficacy of a multilevel thoracic paravertebral block (6m-TPVB at T1-T6), as the sole anesthetic, for primary breast cancer surgery (PBCS) has been questioned. Current literature suggests that a significant number of patients may report pain during various stages of surgery, notably during the detachment of the breast base from the pectoralis major muscle and its fascia. Given that the pectoral muscles are innervated by nerves from the subpectoral plexus (C5–T1), which are not affected by a 6m-TPVB alone, we propose that an additional “subpectoral plexus block” (SPPB) may enhance the surgical anesthesia.

Methods

60 patients undergoing PBCS under a 6m-TPVB were randomized to receive an SPPB (Gp-A, n=30) or a sham block (Gp-B, n=30). Midazolam (1–3 mg) and ketamine (10–20 mg) were administered intravenously for sedation and analgesia before the block placement and an infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.1–0.5 mcg/kg/h) was used to maintain conscious sedation during surgery. The 6m-TPVB was ultrasound guided, and 4–5 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine with 1:200 000 epinephrine was injected at each vertebral level (total volume used 25 mL). The SPPB was also ultrasound guided, and 5 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine was injected each near the origin of the thoracoacromial artery in the pectoserratus plane and between the two pectoral muscles (interpectoral plane) in Gp-A, at the level of the third rib. In Gp-B, 3–5 mL of normal saline (sham block) was injected into the pectoralis major muscle. Surgery commenced about 25–30 min after the completion of the SPPB. Ketamine (10–20 mg IV bolus) was used for rescue analgesia (our primary outcome variable) if the patient complained of pain during surgery to an arbitrary maximum of 100 mg, or the anesthesia was deemed inadequate, after which it was converted to general anesthesia.

Results

The two study groups were comparable with respect to demographic data, total dose of midazolam and dexmedetomidine used, duration of surgery, and overall patient satisfaction. Ketamine, as rescue analgesia, was required to complete surgery in both study groups, but fewer patients in Gp-A (56.7%) required rescue analgesia than in Gp-B (93.3%, p=0.002). Ketamine requirement (median (IQR)) was also significantly lower (p<0.001) in Gp-A (10 (0–40) mg) than in Gp-B (50 (20–70) mg). The surgeons were more (p=0.02) satisfied (mean±SD numeric rating scale, 0–100) with surgical conditions in Gp-A (77.29±10.63) than in Gp-B (65.83±21.38).

Conclusion

A SPPB enhances the surgical anesthesia produced by a 6m-TPVB for primary breast cancer surgery.

Trial registration number

https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=5368, Trial ID No: ChiCTR-TRC-14004200; Date of Registration: 25 January 2014, Study commencement date: 28 February 2014.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modify glucose metabolism in THP-1 monocytes
Authors: Byun Michael Jae-Ho , Armon Roni , Souza Tamiris F.G. , Anderson Hope D. , Saleem Ayesha , Pauls Samantha Dawn
Published: February 2025

Chronic inflammation is a driving factor in diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Enhanced cellular glucose metabolism may contribute to heightened immune activation. A human supplementation trial showed that the n-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA) reduced oxidative phosphorylation in monocytes. Our objective here is to assess the direct effects of ALA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on glucose metabolism in a cell culture model and to explore possible mechanisms. THP-1 monocytes were treated with 10-40 μM of ALA or DHA and compared with vehicle and oleic acid controls. The Seahorse XFe24 and Oroboros O2k Oxygraph systems were used to approximate catabolic rates in the presence of glucose. Both ALA and DHA reduced oxidative phosphorylation. We identified pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) as a possible mechanistic candidate explaining the effect of DHA. Additionally, both n-3 PUFAs reduced LPS-induced IL-1β production, while only DHA increased reactive oxygen species to a small but significant extent. Our data suggest that ALA and DHA trigger a re-wiring of bioenergetic pathways in monocytes, possibly via the upregulation of PKD4. Given the close relationship between cell metabolism and immune cell activation, this may represent a novel mechanism by which n-3 PUFAs modulate immune function and inflammation.
The application of shrub willow chip organic amendments impacts soil microbial community dynamics
Authors: Uwituze Yvonne , Nyiraneza Judith , Dougherty Kyra , Wagg Cameron , Jiang Yefang , Dessureault-Rompre Jacynthe , Mitterboeck Fatima , Fraser Tandra
Published: February 2025

Incorporating shrub willow chips into soil may improve the chemical, physical and biological properties of soils with low organic matter but the impact on soil microbial communities and their dynamics is not known. We assessed changes in the soil microbial communities in response to willow chip applied at increasing rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 Mg ha-1) in a potato-barley cropping system. Bacterial and fungal community diversity, relative abundance, and potential functions were assessed using amplicon sequencing of 16S and ITS rRNA genes at six time points. High rates (40 and 60 Mg ha-1) of willow chips had no effect on bacterial alpha diversity but significantly decreased fungal alpha diversity (Shannon) while increasing fungal richness (Chao-1). At rates of 40 Mg ha⁻¹ and higher, the relative abundance of copiotrophic bacterial groups increased, while that of copiotrophic fungal groups decreased. The relative abundance of the most dominant microbial phyla and genera varied over time, with copiotrophic groups declining and oligotrophic groups increasing. High willow chip application rates increased bacterial molecular markers related to carbon fixation and degradation, nitrogen fixation, and phosphorus solubilization, while decreasing markers related to cellobiose transport and denitrification. This study demonstrates the ability of willow chips to influence the microbial community composition and potential function over time.
Production of double strange hypernuclei and exotic nuclei in central Au+Au collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 3 GeV
Authors: Buyukcizmeci N. , Reichert T. , Botvina A. S. , Bleicher M.
Published: February 2025

We extend the theoretical approach which includes the dynamical and statistical stages for the description of the nucleosynthesis in central collisions of relativistic ions. Previously, this approach was successfully applied to describe experimental data on both normal nuclei and single strange hypernuclei production in the GSI and RHIC-BES energy range. We predict the multiplicities of double strange hypernuclei up to

$$^4_{\varLambda \varLambda }$$

Λ
Λ

4

H and further intermediate mass nuclei up to

$$^8$$

8

Be for Au+Au central collisions at

$$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$

s

NN

= 3 GeV, recently explored by the STAR experiments. These nuclei can be identified by the measurement of the correlated particles coming after their decay. Such observations are a crucial test for the nucleosynthesis mechanism.
Dijet mass up to four loops with(out) $${{\varvec{k}}}_{\varvec{t}}$$ clustering
Authors: Khelifa-Kerfa K.
Published: February 2025

We compute the invariant mass of dijets produced in

$$e^+ e^-$$

e
+

e
-

annihilation processes up to four loops in perturbation theory for both anti-

$$k_t$$

k
t

and

$$k_t$$

k
t

jet algorithms. The calculations, performed within the eikonal approximation and employing strong-energy ordering, capture the full analytic structure of the leading Abelian and non-Abelian non-global logarithms, including full colour and jet-radius dependence. We evaluate the significance of these logarithms and the convergence of the four loop perturbative expansion by comparing with all-orders numerical results.
Susy at the FPF
Authors: Anchordoqui Luis A. , Antoniadis Ignatios , Benakli Karim , Cunat Jules , Lüst Dieter
Published: February 2025

Experimental searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) are entering a new era. The failure to observe signals of sparticle production at the large hadron collider (LHC) has eroded the central motivation for SUSY breaking at the weak scale. However, String Theory requires SUSY at the fundamental scale

$$M_s$$

M
s

and hence SUSY could be broken at some high scale below

$$M_s$$

M
s

. Actually, if this were the case, the lack of experimental evidence for low-energy SUSY could have been anticipated, because most stringy models with high-scale SUSY breaking predict that sparticles would start popping up above about 10 TeV, well beyond the reach of current LHC experiments. We show that using next generation LHC experiments currently envisioned for the Forward Physics Facility (FPF) we could search for signals of neutrino-modulino oscillations to probe models with string scale in the grand unification region and SUSY breaking driven by sequestered gravity in gauge mediation. This is possible because of the unprecedented flux of neutrinos to be produced as secondary products in LHC collisions during the high-luminosity era and the capability of FPF experiments to detect and identify their flavors.
A compact theorem on the compactness of ultra-compact objects with monotonically decreasing matter fields
Authors: Hod Shahar
Published: February 2025

Self-gravitating horizonless ultra-compact objects that possess light rings have attracted the attention of physicists and mathematicians in recent years. In the present compact paper we raise the following physically interesting question: Is there a lower bound on the global compactness parameters

$$\mathcal{C}\equiv \text {max}_r\{2m(r)/r\}$$

C
≡

max
r

{
2
m

(
r
)

/
r
}

of spherically symmetric ultra-compact objects? Using the non-linearly coupled Einstein-matter field equations we explicitly prove that spatially regular ultra-compact objects with monotonically decreasing density functions (or monotonically decreasing radial pressure functions) are characterized by the lower bound

$$\mathcal{C}\ge 1/3$$

C
≥
1
/
3

on their dimensionless compactness parameters.
Minimum asymptotic energy of a charged spherically symmetric thin-shell wormhole and its stability
Authors: Mazharimousavi S. Habib
Published: February 2025

The static spherically symmetric thin shell of proper mass m and electric charge q around a central star or black hole of mass M is in general unstable. Although with fine-tuned m, q,  and M it can be considered quasi-stable. These facts have been recently proved by Hod (Eur Phys J C 84:1148, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13546-3, 2024) from which we are inspired to investigate the stability status of the throat of a spherically symmetric thin-shell wormhole (TSW) with the same proper mass and charge. Precisely, in this compact paper, we introduce the radius of stability for the throat of a static spherically symmetric charged TSW, by optimizing its energy measured by an asymptotic observer. Furthermore, we prove that at the stable equilibrium radius, the tension on the throat is zero, and a perturbation in the form of an initial kinetic energy results in an effective attractive potential such that the throat oscillates around the equilibrium point.
Multi-faceted approach for identifying biomarkers for radiation injury and regulatory approval of radiation medical countermeasures
Authors: Kaladi Manya R. , Poldy Allyson , Mukherjee Sanjeevani , Carpenter Alana D. , Singh Vijay K.
Published: February 2025

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is caused by high doses of ionizing radiation (> 2 Gy). ARS is broken down into 3 sub-syndromes: exposure to 2–6 Gy results in hematopoietic ARS (H-ARS), exposure to 6–10 Gy results in gastrointestinal ARS (GI-ARS), and exposure to greater than 10 Gy results in neurovascular ARS (NV-ARS). In case of nuclear warfare events such as the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or nuclear meltdown scenarios, such as Chernobyl and Fukushima-Daiichi, it is essential to be prepared to treat and prevent the development of ARS. Therefore, the development of prophylactic (administered before radiation exposure) and therapeutic (administered post-irradiation) radiation medical countermeasures (MCMs) is paramount in this effort. Currently, there are only 9 approved MCMs and all 9 are therapeutics for H-ARS. Thus, it is integral to develop a prophylactic MCM that treats high doses of radiation exposure injury. Following the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) animal rule, we are researching biomarkers of ARS to analyze whether prospective MCMs are effective in mitigating ARS development in humans. In this article, we summarize the various state-of-the-art omics platforms (metabolomics/lipidomics, proteomics, microbiome, and transcriptomics) which have been used to identify candidate biomarkers for acute radiation injuries using murine and nonhuman primate models. We have reviewed outside literature in addition to studies carried out in our laboratory.
EMODnet Geology: pan-European assessment of coastal resilience and vulnerability
Authors: Moses C. , Chopra T. , Van Wingerden E. , Butterill C. , Humphries A. , Follows S. , Jones L. , Weil M. , Van Heteren S.
Published: February 2025

Coastal resilience and vulnerability, to marine erosion and flooding, are strongly influenced by geology, geomorphology and the presence or absence of engineering structures. Many studies, using a range of methodologies, have been conducted around the coastline of Europe to assess both resilience and vulnerability. A new EMODnet Geology data product provides a pan-European map visualisation, at a range of scales, indicating lower, intermediate and higher levels of coastline vulnerability to erosion and flooding. The shorelines of the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas appear to be less resilient than those of the Atlantic Ocean, Greater North Sea and Black Sea. Estuarine, deltaic and other lowland shorelines with coastal barriers show lower resilience, except where they are managed through nourishments. The map, and associated metadata, provides a tool for users who are interested not only in the pan-European distribution of coastal resilience and vulnerability, but also in the wide range of methodological approaches used in their assessment.
A DA-STCM Dual-channel Short Text Classification Method Based on Attention Mechanism
Authors: Li YuJie , Zhou HongFang , Xin YinBo
Published: February 2025

Short text classification is an important and challenging task in NLP. Compared with long text, short text suffers from insufficient semantic information. Based on a lot of theoretical and experimental analysis, a two-channel short text classification method, DA-STCM, is proposed. This method implements word correction by introducing the Aliyun service and introduces an attention mechanism in the channels to achieve weight assignment. Experimental results show that our proposed method is feasible in short text classification, and the classification accuracy is significantly improved.
Recent Advances in Plant-Based Edible Emulsion Gels for 3D-Printed Foods
Authors: Liu Xiyue , Cheng Yanpeng , Sun Tiexin , Lu Yi , Huan Siqi , Liu Shouxin , Li Wei , Li Zhiguo , Liu Yang , Rojas Orlando J. , McClements David Julian , Bai Long
Published: February 2025

3D printing has emerged as a suitable technology for creating foodstuff with functional, sensorial, and nutritional attributes. There is growing interest in creating plant-based foods as alternatives to address current demands, especially to tailor consumer preferences. Consequently, plant-derived edible inks for additive manufacturing have emerged as suitable options, including emulsion gels (or emulgels). These gels can be formulated entirely from plant-derived lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, and/or other ingredients to form complex fluids that belong to the category of soft matter. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the areas of formation, structuring, properties, and applications of plant-based emulsion gels for 3D-printed food. These semisolid materials can be extruded to the set or solidified into structures with predesigned shapes, fidelity, and sensory attributes across the senses (taste, smell, sight, and touch) along with nutrition values. Emulsion gels can be formed by either solely gelling the continuous phase or combining this process with the formation of a particle network through aggregation and close packing. The current challenges facing the development of edible inks using plant-based materials are critically discussed to stimulate further advances in the rapidly growing field of personalized 3D-printed foods.
Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Sakizadeh John D. , Weiss Rachel , Scholes Gregory D. , Kudisch Bryan
Published: February 2025

Photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful platform for chemical synthesis, utilizing chromophore excited states as selective energy stores to surmount chemical activation barriers toward making desirable products. Developments in this field have pushed synthetic chemists to design and discover new photocatalysts with novel and impactful photoreactivity but also with uncharacterized excited states and only an approximate mechanistic understanding. This review highlights specific instances in which ultrafast spectroscopies dissected the photophysical and photochemical dynamics of new classes of photoredox catalysts and their photochemical reactions. After briefly introducing the photophysical processes and ultrafast spectroscopic methods central to this topic, the review describes selected recent examples that evoke distinct classes of photoredox catalysts with demonstrated synthetic utility and ultrafast spectroscopic characterization. This review cements the significant role of ultrafast spectroscopy in modern photocatalyzed organic transformations and institutionalizes the developing intersection of synthetic organic chemistry and physical chemistry.
Merging Vibrational Spectroscopy with Fluorescence Microscopy: Combining the Best of Two Worlds
Authors: Qian Naixin , Xiong Hanqing , Wei Lu , Shi Lixue , Min Wei
Published: February 2025

Vibrational spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy have historically been two established but separate fields of molecular spectroscopy. While vibrational spectroscopy provides exquisite chemical information, fluorescence spectroscopy often offers orders of magnitude higher detection sensitivity. However, they each lack the advantages of each other. In recent years, a series of novel nonlinear optical spectroscopy studies have been developed that merge both spectroscopies into a single double-resonance process. These techniques combine the chemical specificity of Raman or infrared (IR) spectroscopy with the superb detection sensitivity and spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. Many facets have been explored, including Raman transition versus IR transition, time domain versus frequency domain, and spectroscopy versus microscopy. Notably, single-molecule vibrational spectroscopy has been achieved at room temperature without the need for plasmonics. Even super-resolution vibrational imaging beyond the diffraction limit was demonstrated. This review summarizes the growing field of vibrational-encoded fluorescence microscopy, including key technical developments, emerging applications, and future prospects.
Electric Fields at Solid-Liquid Interfaces: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Nauman Julia A. , Suvlu Dylan , Willard Adam P.
Published: February 2025

In this review, we explore the electrostatic environment of the interface between a solid and dilute electrolyte solution, with an emphasis on the electric field profiles that these systems produce. We review the theoretical formalism that connects electrostatic potential profiles, electric field profiles, and charge density fields. This formalism has served as the basis for our understanding of interfacial electric fields and their influences on microscopic chemical and physical processes. Comparing various traditional models of interfacial electrostatics to the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation yields mutually inconsistent descriptions of the interfacial electric field profile. We present MD simulation results demonstrating that the average electric field profiles experienced by particles at the interface differ from the properties of traditional models and from the fields derived from the mean charge density of atomistic simulations. Furthermore, these experienced electric field profiles are species-dependent. Based on these results, we assert that a single unifying electrostatic potential profile—the gradient of which defines a single unifying electric field profile—cannot correctly predict the electrostatic forces that act on species at the interface.
Sn@C Composite Architecture for Improved Stability and Performance in Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Lu Jiapeng , Wang Lingling , Min Xin , Chen Ya , Wang Wei , Huang Zhaohui , Fang Minghao
Published: February 2025

The theoretical capacity of metallic tin (Sn) is 994 mAh g−1, making it a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The cycling performance rapidly deteriorates due to the significant volume expansion and contraction during the lithium insertion/extraction process, which is the main limiting factor for the practical application of Sn-based anode materials in LIBs. We report a new material design and fabrication method for carbon-coated Sn solid sphere anodes, using amorphous carbon as the conductive and buffering matrix to form Sn@C composite materials. The size of the composite phases can be easily controlled by varying the carbon source ratio and reduction calcination temperature. The results show that the sample with a carbon source ratio of 1:4, reduced at 600 °C, exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. At a current density of 0.2 C, the discharge capacity reaches 994 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. At a current density of 3 C, the capacity is maintained at 318 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles. The synthesis of high-performance Sn-based anode materials through a simple and controllable method holds significant importance and value.
Supplementary Table S5 from Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Central Nervous System Tumors Harboring NTRK Gene Fusions
Authors: Lamoureux Audrey-Anne , Fisher Michael J. , Lemelle Lauriane , Pfaff Elke , Amir-Yazdani Pouneh , Kramm Christof , De Wilde Bram , Kazanowska Bernarda , Hutter Caroline , Pfister Stefan M. , Sturm Dominik , Jones David T.W. , Orbach Daniel , Pierron Gaëlle , Raskin Scott , Drilon Alexander , Diamond Eli L. , Harada Guilherme , Zapotocky Michal , Zamecnik Josef , Krskova Lenka , Ellezam Benjamin , Weil Alexander G. , Venne Dominic , Barritault Marc , Leblond Pierre , Coltin Hallie , Hammad Rawan , Tabori Uri , Hawkins Cynthia , Hansford Jordan R. , Meyran Deborah , Erker Craig , McFadden Kathryn , Sato Mariko , Gottardo Nicholas G. , Dholaria Hetal , Nørøxe Dorte Schou , Goto Hiroaki , Ziegler David S. , Lin Frank Y. , Parsons Donald Williams , Lindsay Holly , Wong Tai-Tong , Liu Yen-Lin , Wu Kuo-Sheng , Franson Andrea T. , Hwang Eugene , Aguilar-Bonilla Ana , Cheng Sylvia , Cacciotti Chantel , Massimino Maura , Schiavello Elisabetta , Wood Paul , Hoffman Lindsey M. , Cappellano Andréa , Lassaletta Alvaro , Van Damme An , Llort Anna , Gerber Nicolas U. , Spalato Ceruso Mariella , Bendel Anne E. , Skrypek Maggie , Hamideh Dima , Mushtaq Naureen , Walter Andrew , Jabado Nada , Alsahlawi Aysha , Farmer Jean-Pierre , Coleman Christina , Mueller Sabine , Mazewski Claire , Aguilera Dolly , Robison Nathan J. , O’Halloran Katrina , Abbou Samuel , Berlanga Pablo , Geoerger Birgit , Øra Ingrid , Moertel Christopher L. , Razis Evangelia D. , Vernadou Anastasia , Ducray François , Bronnimann Charlotte , Seizeur Romuald , Clarke Matthew , Resnick Adam C. , Alves Mélanie , Jones Chris , Doz François , Laetsch Theodore W. , Perreault Sébastien
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table S5. Method of NTRK fusion detection as reported by participating centers.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Central Nervous System Tumors Harboring NTRK Gene Fusions
Authors: Lamoureux Audrey-Anne , Fisher Michael J. , Lemelle Lauriane , Pfaff Elke , Amir-Yazdani Pouneh , Kramm Christof , De Wilde Bram , Kazanowska Bernarda , Hutter Caroline , Pfister Stefan M. , Sturm Dominik , Jones David T.W. , Orbach Daniel , Pierron Gaëlle , Raskin Scott , Drilon Alexander , Diamond Eli L. , Harada Guilherme , Zapotocky Michal , Zamecnik Josef , Krskova Lenka , Ellezam Benjamin , Weil Alexander G. , Venne Dominic , Barritault Marc , Leblond Pierre , Coltin Hallie , Hammad Rawan , Tabori Uri , Hawkins Cynthia , Hansford Jordan R. , Meyran Deborah , Erker Craig , McFadden Kathryn , Sato Mariko , Gottardo Nicholas G. , Dholaria Hetal , Nørøxe Dorte Schou , Goto Hiroaki , Ziegler David S. , Lin Frank Y. , Parsons Donald Williams , Lindsay Holly , Wong Tai-Tong , Liu Yen-Lin , Wu Kuo-Sheng , Franson Andrea T. , Hwang Eugene , Aguilar-Bonilla Ana , Cheng Sylvia , Cacciotti Chantel , Massimino Maura , Schiavello Elisabetta , Wood Paul , Hoffman Lindsey M. , Cappellano Andréa , Lassaletta Alvaro , Van Damme An , Llort Anna , Gerber Nicolas U. , Spalato Ceruso Mariella , Bendel Anne E. , Skrypek Maggie , Hamideh Dima , Mushtaq Naureen , Walter Andrew , Jabado Nada , Alsahlawi Aysha , Farmer Jean-Pierre , Coleman Christina , Mueller Sabine , Mazewski Claire , Aguilera Dolly , Robison Nathan J. , O’Halloran Katrina , Abbou Samuel , Berlanga Pablo , Geoerger Birgit , Øra Ingrid , Moertel Christopher L. , Razis Evangelia D. , Vernadou Anastasia , Ducray François , Bronnimann Charlotte , Seizeur Romuald , Clarke Matthew , Resnick Adam C. , Alves Mélanie , Jones Chris , Doz François , Laetsch Theodore W. , Perreault Sébastien
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure S1. Diagram of population patients.
Supplementary Fig. S6 from Phase Ib Pharmacodynamic Study of the MNK Inhibitor Tomivosertib (eFT508) Combined With Paclitaxel in Patients With Refractory Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Ferrario Cristiano , Mackey John , Gelmon Karen A. , Levasseur Nathalie , Sorensen Poul H. , Oo Htoo Zarni , Negri Gian L. , Tse Veronica W.L. , Spencer Sandra E. , Cheng Grace , Morin Gregg B. , del Rincon Sonia , Cotechini Tiziana , Gonçalves Christophe , Hindmarch Charles C.T. , Miller Wilson H. , Amiri Mehdi , Basiri Tayebeh , Villareal-Corpuz Victor , Sperry Sam , Gregorczyk Kevin , Spera Gonzalo , Sonenberg Nahum , Pollak Michael
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Fig. S6: Translatomic profiling. UpSet plots display overlap of the translationally downregulated (A) and upregulated (B) mRNAs between each patient. The numbers above the bars represent the number of mRNAs that exclusively belonged to the conditions marked below the bars. The horizontal bar graph on each plot's left side shows the number of differentially translated mRNAs in each patient.
Supplementary Fig. S2 from Phase Ib Pharmacodynamic Study of the MNK Inhibitor Tomivosertib (eFT508) Combined With Paclitaxel in Patients With Refractory Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Ferrario Cristiano , Mackey John , Gelmon Karen A. , Levasseur Nathalie , Sorensen Poul H. , Oo Htoo Zarni , Negri Gian L. , Tse Veronica W.L. , Spencer Sandra E. , Cheng Grace , Morin Gregg B. , del Rincon Sonia , Cotechini Tiziana , Gonçalves Christophe , Hindmarch Charles C.T. , Miller Wilson H. , Amiri Mehdi , Basiri Tayebeh , Villareal-Corpuz Victor , Sperry Sam , Gregorczyk Kevin , Spera Gonzalo , Sonenberg Nahum , Pollak Michael
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Fig. S2: Pharmacokinetic data. (A) Levels of Paclitaxel and Tomivosertib over time for 12 patients. During the run-in period (cycle 1) Tomivosertib was given as a single agent, so paclitaxel levels were undetectable. Tomivosertib was dosed daily in a continuous fashion. Paclitaxel was dosed on day 1 of each cycle. (B) Drug levels over time for a representative patient, obtained from samples taken prior to daily oral Tomivosertib dose.
Supplementary Table S1 from Response-Adaptive Surgical Timing in Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Demonstrates Enhanced Pathologic Treatment Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mastrolonardo Eric V. , Nunes Kathryn L. , Llerena Pablo , Nikitina Anastasia , Sobol Anastasia , Scott E. Reilly , Tuluc Madalina , Davitt Christopher J.H. , Scher Jessica , Tekumalla Sruti , Mann Derek , Henao Camilo , Jegede Victor , Gargano Stacey , Harshyne Larry A. , Alnemri Angela , Tyshevich Andrey , Kushnarev Vladimir , Chasse Madison , Sookiasian Danielle , Axelrod Rita , Zhan Tingting , Leiby Benjamin E. , Old Matthew , Seim Nolan , Mahoney My G. , Martinez-Outschoorn Ubaldo , Cognetti David M. , Curry Joseph M. , Prendergast George , Argiris Athanassios , South Andrew P. , Linnenbach Alban J. , Johnson Jennifer M. , Luginbuhl Adam J.
Published: February 2025

Supplement Table 1: Representativeness of Study Participants.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Response-Adaptive Surgical Timing in Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Demonstrates Enhanced Pathologic Treatment Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mastrolonardo Eric V. , Nunes Kathryn L. , Llerena Pablo , Nikitina Anastasia , Sobol Anastasia , Scott E. Reilly , Tuluc Madalina , Davitt Christopher J.H. , Scher Jessica , Tekumalla Sruti , Mann Derek , Henao Camilo , Jegede Victor , Gargano Stacey , Harshyne Larry A. , Alnemri Angela , Tyshevich Andrey , Kushnarev Vladimir , Chasse Madison , Sookiasian Danielle , Axelrod Rita , Zhan Tingting , Leiby Benjamin E. , Old Matthew , Seim Nolan , Mahoney My G. , Martinez-Outschoorn Ubaldo , Cognetti David M. , Curry Joseph M. , Prendergast George , Argiris Athanassios , South Andrew P. , Linnenbach Alban J. , Johnson Jennifer M. , Luginbuhl Adam J.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 2: Effect of IDO inhibitor BMS986205 on response rate and the tryptophan kynurenine pathway. A and B: IDO1 gene expression levels and tryptophan kynurenine pathway activity score, respectively, compared between baseline samples of responders (R) and non-responders (NR) on nivolumab + BMS986205 and nivolumab-only therapies. C: Tryptophan kynurenine pathway activity score compared between baseline and post-treatment samples of R and NR on nivolumab + BMS986205 and nivolumab-only therapies. - ns, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Table 3 from Safety and Tolerability of Letetresgene Autoleucel (GSK3377794): Pilot Studies in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Altan Mehmet , Lopes Gilberto , Hiltermann T. Jeroen N. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Villaruz Liza C. , Calvo Emiliano , Edelman Martin J. , Furqan Muhammad , Neal Joel , Felip Enriqueta , Carlisle Jennifer W. , Heymach John V. , O’Cearbhaill Róisín Eilish , Zauderer Marjorie , Chisamore Michael , Corigliano Ellie , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Zajic Stefan , Jenkins Ben , Goodison Sophia , Suchindran Sunil , Ramos-Hernandez Natalia , Tarek Nidale , Schoenfeld Adam J.
Published: February 2025

Safety results: grade ≥3 and total AESIa and SAE. Single-arm study (mITT population).
Supplementary Table 2 from Safety and Tolerability of Letetresgene Autoleucel (GSK3377794): Pilot Studies in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Altan Mehmet , Lopes Gilberto , Hiltermann T. Jeroen N. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Villaruz Liza C. , Calvo Emiliano , Edelman Martin J. , Furqan Muhammad , Neal Joel , Felip Enriqueta , Carlisle Jennifer W. , Heymach John V. , O’Cearbhaill Róisín Eilish , Zauderer Marjorie , Chisamore Michael , Corigliano Ellie , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Zajic Stefan , Jenkins Ben , Goodison Sophia , Suchindran Sunil , Ramos-Hernandez Natalia , Tarek Nidale , Schoenfeld Adam J.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table 2. Representativeness of Study Participants