bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of tolerability and acceptability of an alcohol-based hand rub according to a WHO protocol and using apparatus tests
Authors: Tarka Patryk , Gutkowska Katarzyna , Nitsch-Osuch Aneta
Published: November 2019

Background

The effectiveness of alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) depends substantially on their acceptability and tolerability. In this study, we assessed the acceptability and tolerability of a new ABHR (product EU 100.2018.02).

Methods

Among physicians, nurses, and cosmetologists who used the ABHR for 30 days, we assessed the product’s acceptability and tolerability according to a WHO protocol. Additionally, we used instrumental skin tests. Participants assessed the product’s color, smell, texture, irritation, drying effect, ease of use, speed of drying, and application, and they gave an overall evaluation. Moreover, they rated the tolerability, i.e. their skin condition, on the following dimensions: intactness, moisture content, sensation, and integrity of the skin. The tolerability was also assessed by an observer as follows: redness, scaliness, fissures, and overall score for the skin condition. Instrumental skin tests included transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, sebum secretion, and percentage of skin affected by discolorations. All assessments were made at baseline (visit 1), and 3–5 days (visit 2) and 30 days (visit 3) later.

Results

We enrolled 126 participants (110 [87%] women) with a mean age of 34.3 ± 11.65 years. Sixty-five participants (52%) were healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses), and 61 (48%) were cosmetologists. During visit 2 and visit 3, about 90% of participants gave responses complying with the WHO’s benchmark for acceptability and tolerability. Similarly, the ABHR met the WHO criteria for observer-assessed tolerability: on all visits, in more than 95% of participants, the observer gave scores complying with the WHO benchmark. Transepidermal water loss decreased from baseline to visit 3 (p < 0.001), whereas skin hydration, sebum secretion, and the percentage of skin affected by discolorations did not change significantly during the study (p ≥ 130).

Conclusions

The EU 100.2018.02 had both high acceptability and tolerability, meeting the WHO criteria. The WHO protocol proved useful in the analysis of acceptability and tolerability of ABHRs.
Association between polymorphism in CDKN2B-AS1 gene and its interaction with smoking on the risk of lung cancer in a Chinese population
Authors: Lv Xiaoting , Cui Zhigang , Li Hang , Li Juan , Yang Zitai , Bi Yanhong , Gao Min , Zhang Ziwei , Wang Shengli , Zhou Baosen , Yin Zhihua
Published: November 2019

Background

Long non-coding RNAs became the hot spots in the carcinogenesis of various tumors. This case-control study evaluated the association between the rs2151280 in lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 and lung cancer risk.

Methods

This study included 507 lung cancer patients and 542 healthy individuals. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated by unconditional logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between the rs2151280 and lung cancer risk.

Results

Compared with individuals carrying TT genotype, individuals carrying CC genotype of rs2151280 had a decreased risk of lung cancer (OR = 0.640, 95%CI = 0.421–0.972, P = 0.036). In the recessive model, rs2151280 CC genotype was observed to reduce the risk of lung cancer (OR = 0.684). C allele was associated with non-small cell lung cancer risk (OR = 0.674). The rs2151280 was significantly associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk (CCvsTT: OR = 0.567, 95%CI = 0.333–0.965, P = 0.037; CCvsTC+TT: OR = 0.543, 95%CI 0.330–0.893, P = 0.016, respectively). However, there was no significant association between rs2151280 and lung squamous cell carcinoma risk in five models. The quantitative analysis suggested that there were no significant interactions of rs2151280 with smoking exposure to lung cancer susceptibility.

Conclusions

This hospital-based case-control study suggested that CDKN2B-AS1 rs2151280 T>C was associated with the risk of lung cancer.
Perceived stigma and barriers to care in UK Armed Forces personnel and veterans with and without probable mental disorders
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Greenberg Neil , Stevelink Sharon A. M.
Published: November 2019

Background

Previous studies have found that perceptions of mental health related stigma can negatively impact help-seeking, particularly in military samples. Moreover, perceptions of stigma and barriers to care can vary between individuals with different psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to examine whether perceptions of stigma and barriers to care differed in a UK military sample between those with and without a current likely mental health diagnosis.

Method

Structured telephone interviews were carried out with 1432 service personnel and veterans who reported recent subjective mental ill health in the last 3 years. Participants completed self-reported measures relating to perceived stigma, barriers to care and psychological wellbeing.

Results

Those meeting criteria for probable common mental disorders (CMD) and PTSD were significantly more likely to report concerns relating to perceived and internalised stigma and barriers to care compared to participants without a likely mental disorder. Compared to individuals with likely CMD and alcohol misuse, those with probable PTSD reported higher levels of stigma-related concerns and barriers to care – although this difference was not significantly different.

Conclusions

These results indicate that perceptions of stigma continue to exist in UK serving personnel and military veterans with current probable mental disorders. Efforts to address particular concerns (e.g. being seen as weak; difficulty accessing appointments) may be worthwhile and, ultimately, lead to improvements in military personnel and veteran wellbeing.
Modulation of RECK levels in Xenopus A6 cells: effects on MT1-MMP, MMP-2 and pERK levels
Authors: Willson Jessica A. , Bork Bradley S. , Muir Carlie A. , Damjanovski Sashko
Published: November 2019

Background

MT1-MMP is a cell-surface enzyme whose regulation of pro-MMP-2 and ERK activation position it as a key facilitator of ECM remodelling and cell migration. These processes are modulated by endogenous MMP inhibitors, such as RECK, a GPI-anchored protein which has been shown to inhibit both MT1-MMP and MMP-2 activity. Our previous studies have revealed a link between MT1-MMP levels, and pro-MMP-2 and ERK activation in mammalian cells, as well as MT1-MMP and RECK co-localization inXenopusembryos. We here investigated how modulation of RECK would impact MT1-MMP and MMP-2 levels, as well as ERK signalling inXenopusA6 cells.

Results

We used a Morpholino approach to knockdown RECK, plasmid transfection to overexpress RECK, and PI-PLC treatment to shed RECK from the cell surface ofXenopusA6 cells. RECK reduction did not alter pERK or MT1-MMP levels, nor MMP-2 activity as measured by zymography; thus RECK-knockdown cells maintained the ability to remodel the ECM. RECK overexpression and PI-PLC treatment both increased ECM remodelling potential through increased MT1-MMP protein and relative MMP-2 activation levels.

Conclusions

RECK changes that reduce the ability of the cell to remodel the ECM (overexpression and cell surface shedding) are compensated for by increases in MT1-MMP, and MMP-2 levels as seen by zymography.
Acceptability, Feasibility and Preliminary Evaluation of a Novel, Personalised, Home-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Chronic Heart Failure (Active-at-Home-HF): a Pilot Study
Authors: Okwose Nduka C. , Avery Leah , O’Brien Nicola , Cassidy Sophie , Charman Sarah J. , Bailey Kristian , Velicki Lazar , Olivotto Iacopo , Brennan Paul , MacGowan Guy A. , Jakovljevic Djordje G.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Less than 10% of heart failure patients in the UK participate in cardiac rehabilitation programmes. The present pilot study evaluated feasibility, acceptability and physiological effects of a novel, personalised, home-based physical activity intervention in chronic heart failure.

Methods

Twenty patients (68 ± 7 years old, 20% females) with stable chronic heart failure due to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (31 ± 8 %) participated in a single-group, pilot study assessing the feasibility and acceptability of a 12-week personalised home-based physical activity intervention aiming to increase daily number of steps by 2000 from baseline (Active-at-Home-HF). Patients completed cardiopulmonary exercise testing with non-invasive gas exchange and haemodynamic measurements and quality of life questionnaire pre- and post-intervention. Patients were supported weekly via telephone and average weekly step count data collected using pedometers.

Results

Forty-three patients were screened and 20 recruited into the study. Seventeen patients (85%) completed the intervention, and 15 (75%) achieved the target step count. Average step count per day increased significantly from baseline to 3 weeks by 2546 (5108 ± 3064 to 7654 ± 3849, P = 0.03, n = 17) and was maintained until week 12 (9022 ± 3942). Following completion of the intervention, no adverse events were recorded and quality of life improved by 4 points (26 ± 18 vs. 22 ± 19). Peak exercise stroke volume increased by 19% (127 ± 34 vs. 151 ± 34 m/beat, P = 0.05), while cardiac index increased by 12% (6.8 ± 1.5 vs. 7.6 ± 2.0 L/min/m2, P = 0.19). Workload and oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold also increased by 16% (49 ± 16 vs. 59 ± 14 watts, P = 0.01) and 10% (11.5 ± 2.9 vs. 12.8 ± 2.2 ml/kg/min, P = 0.39).

Conclusion

The Active-at-Home-HF intervention is feasible, acceptable and effective for increasing physical activity in CHF. It may lead to improvements in quality of life, exercise tolerance and haemodynamic function.

Trial Registration

www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT0367727. Retrospectively registered on 17 September 2018.
An iterative design process to develop a randomized feasibility study and inform recruitment of minority women after stillbirth
Authors: Huberty Jennifer , Green Jeni , Gold Katherine J. , Leiferman Jenn , Cacciatore Joanne
Published: November 2019

Background

Yearly, approximately 25,000 US women experience stillbirth and African American women have a 2.2 fold increased risk of stillbirth compared with white women. After stillbirth, women are subject to a sevenfold increased risk of post-traumatic stress compared with women after a live-birth. This paper presents findings from phase one of a National Institutes of Health funded, two-phase feasibility study to examine an online yoga intervention to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress in mothers after stillbirth. An iterative design was used to (1) inform the development of the online yoga intervention and (2) inform recruitment strategies to enroll minority women into phase two.

Methods

Ten mothers (N = 5 stillbirth moms with no yoga experience, N = 5 nonstillbirth moms with yoga experience) participated in a series of online yoga videos (N = 30) and were assessed for self-compassion (SC) and emotional regulation (ER) before and after each video. An independent group of five minority women who had experienced stillbirth were interviewed about cultural barriers to recruitment and perceptions/opinions of yoga. A mean was calculated for SC and ER scores for each video at pre- and post-time points. The percent change of the mean difference between pre-post SC and ER scores were used to select videos for phase two. Videos with a negative change score or that had a 0% change on SC or ER were not used. A combination of deductive and inductive coding was used to organize the interview data, generate categories, and develop themes.

Results

Five of the 30 tested yoga videos were not used. An additional 12 videos were developed, filmed, and used in the prescription for phase two. Topics from interview findings included perceived benefits/barriers of and interest in yoga, preferred yoga environment, suggested recruitment methods, content of recruitment material, and recommended incentives.

Conclusions

Online yoga may be beneficial for improving emotional regulation and self-compassion, but further testing is needed. Additionally, minority women express interest in online yoga but suggest that researchers apply culturally specific strategies regarding methods, content of material, and incentives to recruit minority women into a study.
The antihyperlipidemic effect of alginate-free residue from sea tangle in hyperlipidemic rats
Authors: Yim Mi-Jin , Lee Jeong Min , Choi Grace , Cho Soon-Yeong , Lee Dae-Sung
Published: November 2019

Background

In order to assess the high value-added use of the alginate-free residue of sea tangle, an animal study was performed to evaluate the functional activities and key compounds present. In the animal study, sea tangle and the alginate-free residue demonstrated good anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-arteriosclerotic abilities.

Results

The functional compounds in the alginate-free residue of the sea tangle were effectively extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The optimum extraction temperature and pressure were 40 °C and 6500 psi (M1) in the SFE, a better method in comparison to the conditions of 70 °C and 4500 psi (M2), respectively. The anti-atherosclerotic effects of the alginate-free residue of sea tangle (M1, M2) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with poloxamer 407, Triton WR 1339, corn oil, and a high-fat diet. The M1 fraction reduced the serum lipid levels with greater efficacy than the M2 fraction. In the hyperlipidemic rats, treatment with M1 decreased the serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels when compared to the levels in normal rats.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that the alginate-free residue of sea tangle reduces serum TC, TG, and LDL-C. These results suggest that the alginate-free residue of sea tangle contains physiologically active components, such as fucosterol, that may exert beneficial effects in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
Building a functional national One Health platform: the case of Tanzania
Authors: Kitua Andrew Y. , Scribner Susan , Rasmuson Mark , Kambarage Dominic , Mghamba Janneth , Mwakapeje Elibariki R. , Chinyuka Harrison , Bernard Jubilate , Zimmerman Kate , Duale Sambe , Mutonga David
Published: November 2019

Background

The USAID Preparedness and Response (P&R) project’s publication on Multisectoral Coordination that Works identified five dimensions most critical to creating effective and sustainable One Health platforms: political commitment, institutional structure, management and coordination capacity, technical and financial resources, and joint planning and implementation. This case study describes Tanzania experience in using these dimensions to establish a functional One Health platform. The main objective of this case study was to document the process of institutionalizing the One Health approach in Tanzania.

Methods

An analysis of the process used to establish and institutionalize the MCM in Tanzania through addressing the five dimensions mentioned above was conducted between August 2018 and January 2019. Progress activity reports, annual reports and minutes of meetings and consultations regarding the establishment of the Tanzania national One Health platform were examined. Relevant One Health publications were studied as reference material.

Results

This case study illustrates the time and level of effort required of multiple partners to build a functional multi-sectoral coordinating mechanism (MCM). Key facilitating factors were identified and the importance of involving policy and decision makers at all stages of the process to facilitate policy decisions and the institutionalization process was underscored. The need for molding the implementation process using lessons learnt along the way -- “sailing the ship as it was being built” -- is demonstrated.

Conclusions

Tanzania now has a functioning and institutionalized MCM with a sound institutional structure and capacity to prevent, detect early and respond to health events. The path to its establishment required the patient commitment of a core group of One Health champions and stakeholders along the way to examine carefully and iteratively how best to structure productive multisectoral coordination in the country. The five dimensions identified by the Preparedness and Response project may provide useful guidance to other countries working to establish functional MCM.
Efficacy of pre-emptive use of cyclooxyenase-2 inhibitors for total knee arthroplasty: a mini-review
Authors: Xu Jianda , Li Huan , Zheng Chong , Wang Bin , Shen Pengfei , Xie Zikang , Qu Yuxing
Published: November 2019

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is regarded as the most effective surgery for patients with later-stage arthritis of the knee, but the postoperative pain management for functional improvement of the knew is still a challenging task. This review discusses the mechanism by which the selective cyclooxyenase-2 inhibitors, which reduce the peripheral and central sensitization, decrease pain after TKA. This review also covers the protocols, safety, efficacy, and progress of cyclooxyenase-2 inhibitors in pre-emptive analgesia.
Diversity of xerotolerant and xerophilic fungi in honey
Authors: Rodríguez-Andrade E. , Stchigel A. M. , Terrab A. , Guarro J. , Cano-Lira J. F.
Published: November 2019

Fungi can colonize most of the substrata on Earth. Honey, a sugary food produced by bees (and other insects) has been studied little in terms of its fungal diversity. We have surveyed and evaluated the presence of xerotolerant and xerophilic fungi in a set of honey bee samples collected from across Spain. From 84 samples, a total of 104 fungal strains were isolated, and morphologically and phylogenetically characterized. We identified 32 species distributed across 16 genera, most of them belonging to the ascomycetous generaAspergillus,Bettsia,Candida,Eremascus,Monascus,Oidiodendron,Penicillium,Skoua,TalaromycesandZygosaccharomyces. As a result of this survey, eight new taxa are proposed: i.e. the new familyHelicoarthrosporaceae,two new genera,HelicoarthrosporumandStrongyloarthrosporuminOnygenales; three new species ofEurotiales,Talaromyces affinitatimellis,T. basipetosporus, andT. brunneosporus; and two new species ofMyxotrichaceae, Oidiodendron mellicola,andSkoua asexualis.
Detection of high level aminoglycoside resistance genes among clinical isolates of Enterococcus species
Authors: Diab Manal , Salem Dalia , El-Shenawy Ahmed , El-Far Amira , Abdelghany Aya , Awad Alaa Reda , El Defrawy Inas , Shemis Mohamed
Published: November 2019

Background

Enterococci are intrinsically resistant to clinically achievable concentrations of aminoglycosides. However, high-level resistance to aminoglycosides (HLAR) is primarily due to the acquisition of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs). Aminoglycosides along with cell wall inhibitors are given clinically for treating enterococcal infections. The current study was conducted to investigate the rate of HLAR and to determine aminoglycoside resistance encoding genes profile in enterococcal isolates from different clinical specimens.

Results

From 120 Enterococcus species, 50 (41.7%) enterococcal isolates were proven to have HLAR, 78% (39/50) have high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR), and 74% (37/50) were high-level streptomycin-resistant (HLSR). HLGR isolates carried aminoglycoside modifying gene aac (6′)-Ie-aph (2′)-Ia in 26/39 (66.7%) of isolates, whereas 32/37 (86.5%) of HLSR carried aph (3′)-IIIa gene and were observed in E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, and E. casseliflavus. The aph (2′)-Ib, aph (2′)-Ic, and aph (2′)-Id that encode HLGR could not be detected.

Conclusions

The high detection rate of HLAR among the studied Enterococcus species and the coexistence of HLGR and HLSR strains provide crucial insights to the necessity of routine testing for HLAR in the microbiology lab. The main AME genes among HLGR and HLSR enterococci were aac (6′)-Ie-aph (2″)-Ia and aph (3′)-IIIa, respectively.
Apolipoprotein E and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene polymorphism in children with chronic renal insufficiency associated with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Moustafa Bahia Hassan , Badr Ahmed , Selim Abeer , Samy Rania , Gamal Nasser
Published: November 2019

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is considered a major cause of death in renal insufficiency (RI). Contributing genetic factors is a recent focus of research. This study aims to elucidate apolipoprotein E (APO-E) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphisms in RI children associated with CVD.

Methods

We studied 50 cases with chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with CVD, and 30 healthy controls. Study sample was grouped as one on conservative treatment, the second on hemodialysis and the third was posttransplant. PAI-1 and APO-E gene polymorphisms were investigated using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) respectively.

Results

4G4G and 4G5G were the most common PAI-1 polymorphism denoting high association of 4 G allele in renal insufficiency associated with CVD with absent link to dyslipidemia, echocardiography changes or thrombosis. E3E3 was the most common among APO-E polymorphism without relation to dyslipidemia or thrombosis. Dyslipidemia was significantly linked to thrombosis. The study confirmed the role of dyslipidemia and hemodialysis in promoting thrombosis.

Conclusion

Although PAI 4G Genotyping did not show significant association with echocardiography severity or thrombotic severity, yet genetic expression for high levels of PAI in plasma is expected in response to CRI factors known to trigger its release, in addition to those related to dialysis. APO-E3E3 genotyping showed a significant association with echocardiography severity as it enhances APO-A which contributes to CVD. The current study confirmed a significant association between dyslipidemia and CVD; however, the prevalent patterns 4G and E3E3 did not show a significant association with dyslipidemia. The genetic role for APO-A, B, O, or even other isomers for APO-E should be further studied as well.
Analysis of a proposed connection for the two-winding single-phase self-excited induction generator operating at constant voltage and frequency
Authors: Hanafy H. H. , Soufi Heba. M. , Saleh Amr A. , Eteiba Magdy B.
Published: November 2019

This paper introduces the steady-state and dynamic behaviors of a proposed connection for the two-winding single-phase self-excited induction generator (TWSPSEIG) equipped with an excitation capacitor and a compensation capacitor for operation at constant load voltage and frequency irrespective of the no-load or different load conditions. The performance equations at steady-state conditions are attained by applying loop impedance method via the exact equivalent circuit models of the TWSPSEIG based on the double revolving field theory. Keeping the values of the excitation capacitor and the compensation capacitor as unknowns, two second-order equations, for given values of generator parameters, prime mover speed, frequency and load impedance, are derived. These equations are solved using simple iterative method to calculate the optimum values of the two capacitors under the constraints that the load voltage and frequency are constant. The range of capacitor variations for variable load at variable prime mover speed is also calculated. The steady-state results are verified by developing the dynamic model of the proposed connection incorporating its nonlinearity behavior and various no-load and load conditions. The dynamic behavior of the proposed connection proves the capabilities of the proposed configuration and calculation method to maintain both the load voltage and frequency constants. A comparative study between the performances of the proposed connection and the traditional connection of the TWSPSEIG is presented to illustrate the merits of the proposed connection.
Cytotoxic and antigenotoxic properties of phenolic compound isolated from the fruit of Terminalia chebula on HeLa cell
Authors: Soumya K. , James Jesna , Archana T. M. , Dhanya A. T. , Shahid A. P. , Sudheesh S.
Published: November 2019

Background

DNA in a human cell is subjected to constant assault from both environmental factors and normal metabolic processes. Accumulation of DNA damage drives the progression of many health disorders like aging, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Results

The present study focuses on the isolation of phenolic compound from the fruit of Terminalia chebula and its protective role on induced DNA damage. Diethyl ether and ethyl acetate extract of Terminalia chebula fruit were subjected to column chromatographic purification, and the fractions obtained were tested for the presence of phenolics. Fraction-12 isolated from diethyl ether extract was identified as gallic acid, which is used for cytotoxic and DNA damage protection activity assays. To select a non-toxic concentration of isolated compound, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. Gallic acid showed moderate toxicity at the highest concentration tested (i.e., percentage cell viability at 100 μg/ml is 40.51 ± 1.31). Antigenotoxic effect of gallic acid on HeLa cells was carried by alkaline comet assay. The compound showed significant protective abilities against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in HeLa cells.

Conclusion

These results show the importance of gallic acid isolated from Terminalia chebula fruit, as protector of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage.
Fault-related overpressure in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, India
Authors: G. Karthikeyan , Dutta Jayanta , Kumar Ashutosh , Bhardwaj Nitin , Sinha Neeraj
Published: November 2019

Drilling and reaching to deeper target zones through an overpressured overburden formation in a structurally complex geologic setting requires robust geologic and geomechanical analysis to mitigate risk and control operational costs. These types of geologic conditions are present in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, where a series of horst and grabens defined by deep-seated faults and persistent high sedimentation rates through geologic time, result in the development of challenging conditions for exploratory drilling. We have developed possible overpressure mechanisms across the central part of the Krishna-Godavari Basin and its interplay through fault-related lateral pressure transfer. The basin sits over a horst, which is one of the many northeast–southwest-trending en echelon horst and graben structures comprising sediments from the lower Cretaceous to Holocene. In the study area, Paleocene formations in the horst are overpressured (12–12.2 ppg). Three wells were drilled through this formation and reached the target without any drilling issues in the central and eastern part. However, the same formation in the western part of the horst (adjacent to the graben) has higher overpressure of approximately 14 ppg, which complicates the drilling operations because it requires an additional intermediate casing to reach the target reservoir safely. A detailed analysis of the overpressure mechanisms across the horst area to the adjacent deep graben revealed that the disequilibrium compaction signatures are related to the burial history and overburden thickness. The major difference between horst and graben area is the magnitude of overpressure, with an average of 16 ppg across the graben area. The larger overpressures experienced toward the western part of the horst indicate a secondary source of pressure from the adjacent deep graben. The fault stress analysis in this region presents a feasible lateral pressure transfer through critically stressed faults/fractures from the deep graben to the western part of the horst structure. The current model accounts the common pore pressure estimation method along with other critical geologic information to predict such overpressure related challenges in the upcoming future wells in a similar geologic setup to plan safe and cost-effective wells.
Eliminating Deaths From Cervical Cancer—Report of a Panel at the 7th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research, a Satellite Meeting at the Consortium of Universities for Global Health 10th Annual Meeting
Authors: Binagwaho Agnes , Garcia Patricia J. , Gueye Babacar , Dykens J. Andrew , Simelela Nothemba , Torode Julie , Goba Gelila , Bosland Maarten C.
Published: November 2019

This is a summary of the presentations addressing approaches and achievements to reach the goal of eliminating cervical cancer as a global public health problem that were delivered at the 7th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research at the 10th Annual Consortium of Universities for Global Health Meeting in March 2019. Dr Princess Nothemba Simelela, Assistant Director-General for Family, Women, Children and Adolescents, World Health Organization, gave an introduction to the World Health Organization–led Cervical Cancer Elimination Initiative and the emerging conceptual framework and targets that will shape the global 2020 to 2030 strategy. Subsequent presentations shared experiences from national programs in Rwanda (Agnes Binagwaho), Latin America (Patricia J. Garcia), and Senegal (Babacar Gueye and J. Andrew Dykens. Successes in intensified human papillomavirus vaccination and screening with follow-up treatment of early and advanced lesions detected are highlighted as well as the challenges and obstacles in achieving and maintaining high coverage in Africa and Latin America. With strong political leadership, commitment of national stakeholders, and the use of proven and cost-effective approaches to human papillomavirus vaccination, screening, and treatment, the vision of a world free of cervical cancer and saving women’s lives every year by preventing deaths from cervical cancer will be achievable in the next generation in all countries.
Assessment of Export Specialization of Small and Medium Enterprises in Russia
Authors: Yakushev N.
Published: November 2019

The ability to implement strategic priorities in regional development and the activation of export activities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are necessary conditions for the successful solution of economic problems in the framework of the National project “Small and medium-sized enterprises and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative” adopted at the end of December 2018. The aim of the study is to assess the export specialization of small and medium-sized businesses in the region to further develop a unified approach to promoting the development of SME exports in the direction of stimulating the non-resource segment. The article presents the results of the study of export specialization of small and medium enterprises in the Russian Federation. Aspects of the theory of entrepreneurship in the context of exports are studied and reflected. The key characteristics of the component of export orientation in the sale of products on the international market are analyzed. The article presents an approach to the characteristics of the specialization of exports in the all-Russian comparison, which allows a more objective assessment of this specialization of the region with the possibility of further development and prioritization in a particular segment of manufacturing industries. The export specialization of the SME sector in the Russian regions broken down by segment groups is shown. The analysis of the structural features of the export of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regional context. In conclusion, the conclusions are drawn and the directions of export development of small and medium-sized businesses at the regional level are proposed. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the development of a segmental structure of exports of small and medium-sized businesses that allows to reflect the assessment of export specialization in the region. In the further stages of the study, it is planned to develop tools to assess the specifics of SME exports in the non-resource sector, not only in the country, but also in a particular region.
[resenha] Theatre and Dictatorship in the Luso-Hispanic World
Authors: Castro Filho Claudio De Souza
Published: November 2019

Resenha crítica do livro Theatre and Dictatorship in the Luso-Hispanic World, editado por Diego Santos Sánchez e publicado em 2018 pela editora Routledge.
“La palabra que sana y salva”: el hogar de Marta Quiñónez
Authors: Martinhão Marcela Batista , Carrizo Silvina Liliana
Published: November 2019

En este artículo discutimos los principales aportes teóricos acerca del hogar, articulados a una entrada en la poesía de la escritora afrocolombiana Marta Quiñónez, sondeando los modos de su lugar de pertenencia. Para ello, buscamos comprender las metáforas del cuerpo relacionadas a la casa, el sentimiento de extrañamiento en una ciudad amurallada, en la ciudad hostil en la que vive, el lugar de la escritura. Asímismo, aunque el término “casa” esté muy presente en sus poemas, lo que de pronto puede suscitar sus contornos más concretos y físicos que ya habitan nuestro imaginario, como sus sólidas paredes, la casa puede convertirse en um tipo particular de hogar, que está más alineado con el sentimiento de sentirse conectado con un espacio, que puede ser o no material y aún sostener su fluidez.
Por que Literatura Africana de Expressão Grega: enfrentando uma questão
Authors: De Lima Fernanda Lemos
Published: November 2019

Este artigo objetiva destacar a expressão grega existente na Literatura africana, ao mesmo tempo que evidencia um posicionamento sobre os conteúdos literários por vezes segregados do âmbito da Literatura Africana por estarem atrelados a nomes comumente associados ao mundo helênico. Desse modo, propõe-se ultrapassar não apenas as concepções sobre o que define a literatura africana de expressão grega para além da utilização da língua grega, na qual o conteúdo literário fora produzido, mas também se busca evidenciar que os encontros ocorridos entre etnias na África da Antiguidade não deixam de serem demonstrados nessa literatura, como percebido no “romance grego”, apontando assim a troca entre essas culturas e como ela se tornaram próximas e, às vezes, extremamente inter-relacionadas.  Contudo, as abordagens histórico-literárias deixam de transparecer essa imbricação ao rotulá-las como “gregas” ou seus autores como “gregos de”. Diante de um complexo contexto, coloca-se a questão central para a reflexão: em que medida a literatura feita no chamado período Alexandrino/Helenístico pode ser considerada ou rotulada apenas de “grega”? A partir dessa indagação, vamos retornar a Heródoto e a teóricos como Maria Regina Cândido e Susan Stephens para destrinchar o tema.
MANUEL ZAPATA OLIVELLA, LE MUNTU AFRICAIN ET LA DÉCOLONISATION DES IMAGINAIRES ET DES ÉPISTÉMOLOGIES EN AMÉRIQUE LATINE
Authors: Akassi Clément Animan
Published: November 2019

Ce travail vise à montrer deux choses. La premère, c’est de saisir toute l’importance du tournant postcolonial/afro-décolonial dans la construction d’une contre-épistémologie propre au sujet culturel colonisé africain. En d’autres termes, pour le sujet colonisé, cette contre- épistémologie sert à décoloniser les imaginaires, à partir d’un questionnement de la colonialité de l’épistémologie et du savoir donnés pour universels par l’occident. La deuxième chose, c’est que ¾à quelques mois de la commémoration du centenaire de la naissance du prolixe et polygraphe auteur africain-colombien Manuel Zapata Olivella (1920-2004)¾ cet article puisse le situer à sa juste place. Celle d’un sujet culturel colonisé africain des Amériques dont l’abondante production culturelle et la pensée, portées et révolutionnées par le concept de Muntu africain, participent de la décolonisation des imaginaires et de l’épistémologie.
Law, Ethics, and Space: Space Exploration and Environmental Values
Authors: Taylor Alexandra R. , Newman Christopher J.
Published: November 2019

This paper offers an analysis of the ethical values that have accompanied human exploration of space so far, and emphasizes the need to infuse human space activity with new ethical values by means of new and well-constructed legislation. One of the values that we deem particularly important in the creation of a new approach towards space exploration is care for the natural environment, including the space environment.
Obscena praktyk opiekuńczych. Obrzędy intymne Zbigniewa Libery
Authors: Hekselman Marta
Published: November 2019

Artykuł jest analizą Obrzędów intymnych Zbigniewa Libery jako reprezentacji sytuacji opieki. Koncentrując się na geście upubliczniania cudzej intymności, tekst stawia pytania o sposób regulowania sfery publicznej i polityczne uwarunkowania klasyfikowania sytuacji opieki jako tego, co prywatne. Proponuje dostrzeżenie w pracy przejawu troski, rozumianej jako bezwarunkowe otwarcie na konfrontację z obecnością radykalnie niemego cierpiącego innego.
Pengaruh Komposisi Pada Minyak Telon Terhadap Uji Indeks Bias Dengan Meinggunakan Refraktometer Tipe Way Abbe
Authors: Solarbesain Frengky Hutama Putra , Pudjihastuti Isti
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui indeks bias Minyak Ttelon dengan komposisi yang berbeda-beda. Pembuatan minyak telon dari campuran kelapa dan minyak atsiri (minyak adas dan kayu putih) dengan variasi komposisi Minyak kayu putih : minyak kelapa : minyak adas. Hasil di uji indeks biasnya menggunakan refraktometer dan organoleptik. Hasil indeks bias yang didapat sampel Pertama dengan komposisi minyak telon (20:20:15) yaitu 1,4510 D, Sampel kedua dengan komposisi minyak telon (15:10:20) yaitu 1,4465 D, dan sampel ketiga dengan komposisi minyak telon (10:15:20) yaitu 1,4468 D. Dari hasil uji organoleptik di dapatkan minyak telon yang lebih disukai yaitu pada sampel pertama dengan komposisi minyak telon (20:20:15), dan minyak telon yang kurang disukai yaitu pada sampel ketiga dengan komposisi minyak telon (10:15:20). Pada Uji Organoleptik sampel minyak telon yang disukai yaitu sampel satu lebih dengan komposisi minyak kayu putih 20 ml, minyak kelapa 20 ml dan minyak adas 15 ml lebih disukai dimbandingkan yang lainnya. Dari segi aroma khas minyak telon lebih kuat tercium, untuk warnanya bening dan pada saat dioleskan pada kulit terasa hangat. Research aims to find the refractive index of Ttelon Oil with different composition.  The manufacture of telon oil from coconut and essential oil mixture (fennel oil and eucalyptus) with variation of composition of eucalyptus oil: coconut oil: fennel oil. Results in the refractive index test using refractometer and organoleptic. The result of refractive index obtained First sample with the composition of oil telon (20:20:15) that is 1.4510 D, second sample with the composition of oil telon (15:10:20) that is 1.4465 D, and the third sample with the composition of oil telon (10:15:20) that is 1.4468 D. From the results of organoleptic test in obtain the preferred telon oil that is in the first sample with the composition of telon oil (20:20:15), and the oil is less favored telon that is in the third sample with the composition of oil telon (10:15:20). In the preferred Organoleptic Test the preferred sample of telon oil is one more sample with a 20 ml eucalyptus oil composition, 20 ml coconut oil and 15 ml fennel oil preferably compared to the others. In terms of distinctive aroma of telon oil more strong smell, for the color is clear and at the time applied to the skin was warm.
Sintesa Metil Ester Sulfonat dari Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jathropa Curcas Oil) dan Aplikasinya pada Proses Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Authors: Nugroho Amin , Buchori Luqman
Published: November 2019

Konsumsi minyak bumi mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun, sementara produksinya cenderung mengalami penurunan. Produksi minyak bumi dapat ditingkatkan dengan oil recovery. Sejak tahun 1980, teknik Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) dengan menggunakan surfaktan sebagai penginjeksi (surfactant flooding) merupakan salah satu teknik yang paling berhasil untuk meningkatkan produksi minyak. Surfaktan dapat dibuat dari bahan alami, salah satunya dari minyak jarak pagar. Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu reaksi dan pengaruh penambahan metanol terhadap metil ester sulfonat (MES, surfaktan) yang dihasilkan dalam operasi sulfonasi. Surfaktan yang diperoleh kemudian diaplikasikan dalam proses EOR. Proses pembuatan MES dari minyak biji jarak dilakukan melalui 2 tahapan yaitu proses esterfikasi dan transesterifikasi dengan katalis batu dolomite. Metil ester (ME) yang diperoleh kemudian disulfonasi untuk mendapatkan MES. Konsentrasi surfaktan anionik dalam produk dianalisa dengan spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MES yang memiliki kandungan surfaktan anionik paling tinggi diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 90 menit dan penambahan metanol dengan konsentrasi 40%wt yaitu sebesar 55,464 mg/L. Uji kompatibilitas didapatkan larutan berwarna keruh (koloid), sedangkan tegangan antarmukanya sebesar 17,71 dyne/cm dan tegangan antarmuka pada suhu 80oC adalah 26,57 dyne/cm. Petroleum consumption has increased from year to year, while production tends to decline. Petroleum production can be increased by oil recovery. Since 1980, the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technique using surfactants as injectors (surfactant flooding) is one of the most successful techniques for increasing oil production. Surfactants can be made from natural ingredients, one of them from jatropha oil. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effect of reaction time and the effect of adding methanol to methyl ester sulfonate (MES, surfactant) produced in sulfonation operations. The surfactants obtained are then applied in the EOR process. The process of MES production from castor oil is carried out through 2 stages, namely esterfication and transesterification with dolomite catalyst. Methyl esters (ME) were obtained then sulfonated to obtain MES. The concentration of anionic surfactants in the product was analyzed by a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the MES which had the highest anionic surfactant content was obtained at the reaction time of 90 minutes and the addition of methanol with a concentration of 40% wt was 55.464 mg/L. Compatibility test obtained colloidal colored solution (colloid), while surface tension was 17.71 dyne/cm and surface tension at 80oC was 26.57 dyne/cm.
On zero-divisors of semimodules and semialgebras
Authors: Nasehpour Peyman
Published: November 2019

We prove McCoy’s property for the zero-divisors of polynomials in semirings, investigate the zero-divisors of semimodules and prove that under suitable conditions, the monoid semimodule

M
⁢

[
G
]

{M[G]}

has very few zero-divisors if and only if the S-semimodule M does so.
The concept of Auslander semimodules is introduced as well.
Then we introduce Ohm–Rush and McCoy semialgebras and prove some interesting results for prime ideals of monoid semirings.
Finally, we investigate the set of zero-divisors of McCoy semialgebras.
We also introduce strong Krull primes for semirings and investigate their extension in semialgebras.
Jehu’s Slaughter of Judah’s Royal Family at Beth-Eked (2 Kings 10:13–14): A Closer Look
Authors: Quine Cat
Published: November 2019

Why were the brothers of king Ahaziah at Beth-Eked in Israel, following the deaths of king Ahaziah and his northern ally, king Joram? This paper takes a closer look at the events of Beth-Eked in 2Kgs 10:13–14 and proposes that the brothers of Ahaziah represent a Judahite delegation seeking to maintain שׁלום with the Omrides in response to Jehu’s coup. If so, then Olyan’s observation of the ironic use of שׁלום in 2Kgs 9 should be extended to 2Kgs 10. In addition, it suggests that Jehu’s slaughter of the Judahites at Beth-Eked was the major turning point in the breaking of the Omride-Judahite alliance, rather than the initial deaths of the two kings.
How Deterministic is Qohelet? A New Reading of the Appendix to the Catalogue of Times
Authors: Samet Nili
Published: November 2019

This paper examines the message of Qohelet’s Catalogue of Times and its interpretive appendix. Scholars disagree on the extent to which this unit deviates from the traditional free-will theology of the Bible. The paper presents a fresh reading of the passage, which sheds new light on the problem of determinism in Qohelet. Beginning by a novel delineation for the unit, it then suggests fresh solutions for the main exegetical cruxes of the passage (3:14, 15, 17), and finally presents an innovative, somewhat radical, understanding of Qohelet’s approach towards the problem of free will.
Women’s Property Rights in Egypt and the Law of Levirate Marriage in the LXX
Authors: Verburg Jelle
Published: November 2019

If, as theorists of reception studies have argued, readers respond to the meanings that a text has accumulated in the past, this begs the question what the translators of the »first« translation of the Torah, the LXX, responded to. This paper presents a case study of the LXX of Deuteronomy 25:5–6, and argues that the translation is best understood if we assume that the translators were not just transferring a text form one language into another, but were also interacting with a tradition of interpretation and the extensive inheritance rights of women in Egypt.
4Q96 (4QPso) Frag. 3 (PAM 43.680 42) and Another Variant in Ps 115:3
Authors: Tigchelaar Eibert
Published: November 2019

A hitherto unidentified Qumran Cave 4 fragment should be assigned to 4Q96 (4QPso), and attests to a textual variant which probably reflects a different word order in Ps 115:3.
Why Walking the Common is more than a Walk in the Park
Authors: Romano Nike , Mitchell Veronica , Bozaleck Vivienne
Published: November 2019

For the past few years, as concerned academics and educators in South African higher education, we have come together to meet/think/drink coffee/eat/discuss our research and teaching practices in a coffee shop that overlooks the Rondebosch Common, a public space and national heritage site. The Common invited us to take our thoughts for a walk and we embarked on numerous walking encounters that affected and troubled us in many ways. Our walks became research-creation events that surfaced the implicatedness of our white settler privilege. As we grappled with the complexities and ambivalences grounded in our relationality with this contested site, we were prompted to explore hauntology as a theoretical orientation for our pedagogical practices. Walking with/through the demarcated land that is surrounded by privilege in terms of buildings, services and residences enacted and materialised entanglements of the past/present/future histories. We felt an exchange of affect between those present, the ghosts of colonial and apartheid histories, and the implications for our ongoing teaching. Following Haraway's (2016) ‘staying with the trouble’ and Tsing et al.'s (2017) ‘how to live on a damaged planet’, the relationships between human and non-human continue to haunt us, as we grapple with the im/possibility of finding common ground in a country devastated by colonial and apartheid violences.
Banishing “Black/White Thinking”: A Trio of Teaching Tricks
Authors: Born Richard T.
Published: November 2019

Literally hundreds of statisticians have rightly called for an end to statistical significance testing (Amrhein et al., 2019; Wasserstein et al., 2019). But the practice of arbitrarily thresholdingpvalues is not only deeply embedded in statistical practice, it is also congenial to the human mind. It is thus not sufficient to tell our students, “Don’t do this.” We must vividly show them why the practice is wrong and its effects detrimental to scientific progress. I offer three teaching examples I have found to be useful in prompting students to think more deeply about the problem and to begin to interpret the results of statistical procedures as measures of how evidence should change our beliefs, and not as bright lines separating truth from falsehood.