bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variables familiares relacionadas con el bullying y el cyberbullying: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Machimbarrena Juan M. , González-Cabrera Joaquín , Garaigordobil Maite
Published: November 2019

Objetivo. Revisar los estudios que han analizado la relación de bullying/cyberbullying con variables delcontexto familiar. Método. Revisión sistemática, basada en el protocolo Prisma, de los documentos registrados en las principales bases de datos de psicología, que incluían las palabras clave bullying/cyberbullying y familia/padres, entre 2004 y 2017. Setenta y cuatro artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados. La revisión evidenció las siguientes variables familiares asociadas con cada rol: (a) víctimas de bullying: padres/madres autoritarios, punitivos o permisivos; hogares disfuncionales, baja armonía familiar, conflictos, pobre comunicación; reciben muchas críticas, bajo apoyo/atención parental o sobreprotección; (b) cibervíctimas: padres/madres autoritarios o negligentes, conflictos familiares, bajo apoyo parental, padres/madres distantes, vínculos emocionales negativos; (c) agresores de bullying: padres/madres autoritarios, punitivos o permisivos, hogares disfuncionales, conflictos entre padres/madres, violencia doméstica, reciben rechazo, crítica y poco afecto parental; (d) ciberagresores: padres/madres autoritarios, negligentes o permisivos, y conflictos familiares. Por último, resultaron factores protectores: padres/madres democráticas, equilibrados, sin conflictos domésticos, cohesión familiar, interacciones de calidad, fácil comunicación padres-hijos, padres/madres apoyan a sus hijos, son cercanos y fomentan el apego seguro. Conclusión. Algunas variables familiares pueden ser relevantes, aunque en la probabilidad de convertirse en víctima o agresor de bullying y cyberbullying influyan otros factores, como los personales.
A Passive Fault-Tolerant Switched Control Approach for Linear Multivariable Systems: Application to a Quadcopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Model
Authors: Başak Hasan , Kemer Emre , Prempain Emmanuel
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes synthesis algorithms for the design of passive state- and output-feedback fault-tolerant controllers. Sufficient conditions for the existence and the construction of such fault-tolerant controllers are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be solved efficiently. The state-feedback fault-tolerant controller consists of a family of state-feedback gains switched appropriately according to a stabilizing switching signal so that the closed-loop system satisfies a performance requirement expressed in terms of system L2 norm. Similarly, the output feedback controller consists of a family of full-order linear, time-invariant controllers switched according to a stabilizing signal that depends only on the controller states. Both approaches are passive in the sense that they do not rely on the detection and/or the estimation of the faults. The proposed approaches are tested on a nonlinear model of a quadcopter. Simulation results show that satisfactory stability, tracking, and disturbance rejection are maintained despite of time-varying actuator faults.
Universities move to stop passing the harasser
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: November 2019

Changes in hiring practices ask job candidates to allow employers to disclose findings.
U.K. parties stake out science stances in ‘Brexit election’
Authors: Stokstad Erik
Published: November 2019

Contenders' Brexit policies are starkly different.
Indoor chemical pollution impacts often remain invisible
Authors: Ham Becky
Published: November 2019

AAAS Research Competitiveness symposium shows need for transdisciplinary collaboration
Quantum units from the topological engineering of molecular graphenoids
Authors: Lombardi Federico , Lodi Alessandro , Ma Ji , Liu Junzhi , Slota Michael , Narita Akimitsu , Myers William K. , Müllen Klaus , Feng Xinliang , Bogani Lapo
Published: November 2019

Controlling quantum defects in graphene

The development of quantum technologies relies on the ability to fabricate and engineer materials with robust quantum properties. The controlled introduction of defects in semiconductors is one of the most promising platforms under development. With the capability to precisely position point defects (five-membered rings) in the graphene honeycomb lattice, Lombardi
et al.
explored recent theoretical work suggesting that such defects should display enhanced quantum properties (see the Perspective by von Kugelgen and Freedman). The spin-bearing properties of the defects and the engineered control of their interactions open up exciting possibilities for graphene-based spintronics and quantum electronics.

Science
, this issue p.
1107
; see also p.
1070
Surface nanopatterning with polymer brushes
Authors: Soto Alejandro Presa
Published: November 2019

A variety of surfaces are patterned with precisely defined cylindrical micelles
Direct observation of bimolecular reactions of ultracold KRb molecules
Authors: Hu M.-G. , Liu Y. , Grimes D. D. , Lin Y.-W. , Gheorghe A. H. , Vexiau R. , Bouloufa-Maafa N. , Dulieu O. , Rosenband T. , Ni K.-K.
Published: November 2019

Glimpsing an exchange of partners

When two diatomic molecules collide, they can sometimes swap partners. For instance, two potassium-rubidium (KRb) molecules can produce K
2
and Rb
2
. The four-atom intermediate formed upon collision is typically too scarce and short-lived to spot, even using ultrafast techniques. Hu
et al.
circumvented this problem by studying the reaction at temperatures approaching 0 kelvin. Using a combination of mass spectrometry and velocity-map imaging, the authors directly characterized the ionized K
2
Rb
2
complex as well as the reactant and product populations.

Science
, this issue p.
1111
Comment on “The global tree restoration potential”
Authors: Skidmore Andrew K. , Wang Tiejun , de Bie Kees , Pilesjö Petter
Published: November 2019

Bastin
et al
. (Reports, 5 July 2019, p. 76) claim that 205 gigatonnes of carbon can be globally sequestered by restoring 0.9 billion hectares of forest and woodland canopy cover. Reinterpreting the data from Bastin
et al
., we show that the global land area actually required to sequester human-emitted CO
2
is at least a factor of 3 higher, representing an unrealistically large area.
Response to Comment on “The global tree restoration potential”
Authors: Bastin Jean-Francois , Finegold Yelena , Garcia Claude , Mollicone Danilo , Rezende Marcelo , Routh Devin , Zohner Constantin M. , Crowther Thomas W.
Published: November 2019

Our study quantified the global tree restoration potential and its associated carbon storage potential under existing climate conditions. Skidmore
et al
. dispute our findings, using as reference a yearly estimation of carbon storage that could be reached by 2050. We provide a detailed answer highlighting misunderstandings in their interpretation, notably that we did not consider any time limit for the restoration process.
A single photonic cavity with two independent physical synthetic dimensions
Authors: Dutt Avik , Lin Qian , Yuan Luqi , Minkov Momchil , Xiao Meng , Fan Shanhui
Published: November 2019

Optically contorting into new dimensions

Creating synthetic dimensions has generated interest in many branches of science, ranging from ultracold atomic physics to photonics. The ability to do so provides a versatile platform for realizing effective gauge potentials and novel topological physics that might be difficult or impossible to realize in real systems. Dutt
et al.
show that a structured optical ring cavity can sustain more than one synthetic dimension. Under modulation, coupling the different degrees of freedom within the resonator is used synthesize two additional dimensions. The authors are then able to emulate many complex physical phenomena usually associated with condensed matter systems.

Science
, this issue p.
59
A chemical path to quantum information
Authors: von Kugelgen Stephen , Freedman Danna E.
Published: November 2019

Nanoscale graphene can be designed to function as a molecular qubit
Cyber risk research impeded by disciplinary barriers
Authors: Falco Gregory , Eling Martin , Jablanski Danielle , Weber Matthias , Miller Virginia , Gordon Lawrence A. , Wang Shaun Shuxun , Schmit Joan , Thomas Russell , Elvedi Mauro , Maillart Thomas , Donavan Emy , Dejung Simon , Durand Eric , Nutter Franklin , Scheffer Uzi , Arazi Gil , Ohana Gilbert , Lin Herbert
Published: November 2019

Security progress requires cross-disciplinary collaboration
An unexpected cofactor
Authors: Funnell Barbara E.
Published: November 2019

A mystery of bacterial chromosome segregation is explained by a nucleotide cofactor
Методика связанного моделирования одномерных и трехмерных задач вычислительной гидродинамики
Authors: Ялозо Андрей Владимирович , Yalozo Andrey Vladimirovich , Козелков Андрей Сергеевич , Kozelkov Andrei Sergeevich , Куркин Андрей Александрович , Kurkin Andrei Aleksandrovich , Курулин Вадим Викторович , Kurulin Vadim Viktorovich , Матерова Ирина Леонидовна , Materova Irina Leonidovna , Уткин Дмитрий Александрович , Utkin Dmitrii Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2019

Представлена методика связанного 1D-3D моделирования задач вычислительной гидродинамики. Методика основана на одновременном расчете трехмерных и одномерных областей и организации связи между двумя частями задачи посредствам передачи граничных условий. Область в трехмерном приближении моделируется на основе решения уравнений Навье-Стокса. Расчет одномерных областей основан на использовании основных законов сохранения и эмпирических характеристик элементов. Корректность предложенных решений проверяется на нескольких задачах. По всем задачам проводится сравнение полученных результатов с имеющимися аналитическими решениями либо экспериментальными данными.
Программный комплекс для моделирования орбитального и углового движения спутников
Authors: Иванов Данил Сергеевич , Ivanov Danil Sergeevich , Овчинников Михаил Юрьевич , Ovchinnikov Mikhail Yur'evich , Ролдугин Дмитрий Сергеевич , Roldugin Dmitry Sergeevich , Ткачев Степан Сергеевич , Tkachev Stepan Sergeevich , Трофимов Сергей Павлович , Trofimov Sergei Pavlovich , Шестаков Сергей Алексеевич , Shestakov Sergei Alekseevich , Широбоков Максим Геннадьевич , Shirobokov Maksim Gennad'evich
Published: November 2019

Приведено описание возможностей программного комплекса для моделирования динамики околоземных спутников. Он позволяет проводить моделирование свободного и управляемого орбитального и углового движения как одиночных, так и групп аппаратов, с использованием моделей разной степени детализации. Комплекс ориентирован на пользователей без специальной подготовки, поэтому интерфейс построен таким образом, чтобы минимизировать возможности некорректного ввода данных. Комплекс разработан на языке C++ с использованием фреймворка Qt, что обеспечивает его кроссплатформенность.
Validity of the FINDRISC as a prediction tool for diabetes in a contemporary Norwegian population: a 10-year follow-up of the HUNT study
Authors: Jølle Anne , Midthjell Kristian , Holmen Jostein , Carlsen Sven Magnus , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Bjørngaard Johan Håkon , Åsvold Bjørn Olav
Published: November 2019

Objective

The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is a recommended tool for type 2 diabetes prediction. There is a lack of studies examining the performance of the current 0–26 point FINDRISC scale. We examined the validity of FINDRISC in a contemporary Norwegian risk environment.

Research design and methods

We followed 47 804 participants without known diabetes and aged ≥20 years in the HUNT3 survey (2006–2008) by linkage to information on glucose-lowering drug dispensing in the Norwegian Prescription Database (2004–2016). We estimated the C-statistic, sensitivity and specificity of FINDRISC as predictor of incident diabetes, as indicated by incident use of glucose-lowering drugs. We estimated the 10-year cumulative diabetes incidence by categories of FINDRISC.

Results

The C-statistic (95% CI) of FINDRISC in predicting future diabetes was 0.77 (0.76 to 0.78). FINDRISC ≥15 (the conventional cut-off value) had a sensitivity of 38% and a specificity of 90%. The 10-year cumulative diabetes incidence (95% CI) was 4.0% (3.8% to 4.2%) in the entire study population, 13.5% (12.5% to 14.5%) for people with FINDRISC ≥15 and 2.8% (2.6% to 3.0%) for people with FINDRISC <15. Thus, FINDRISC ≥15 had a positive predictive value of 13.5% and a negative predictive value of 97.2% for diabetes within the next 10 years. To approach a similar sensitivity as in the study in which FINDRISC was developed, we would have to lower the cut-off value for elevated FINDRISC to ≥11. This would yield a sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 67%, positive predictive value of 7.7% and negative predictive value of 98.5%.

Conclusions

The validity of FINDRISC and the risk of diabetes among people with FINDRISC ≥15 is substantially lower in the contemporary Norwegian population than assumed in official guidelines. To identify ~3/4 of those developing diabetes within the next 10 years, we would have to lower the threshold for elevated FINDRISC to ≥11, which would label ~1/3 of the entire adult population as having an elevated FINDRISC necessitating a glycemia assessment.
Sub-national perspectives on the implementation of a national community health worker programme in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Munshi Shehnaz , Christofides Nicola J , Eyles John
Published: November 2019

Introduction

In 2011, in line with principles for Universal Health Coverage, South Africa formalised community health workers (CHWs) into the national health system in order to strengthen primary healthcare. The national policy proposed that teams of CHWs, called Ward-based Primary Healthcare Outreach Teams (WBPHCOTs), supervised by a professional nurse were implemented. This paper explores WBPHCOTs’ and managers’ perspectives on the implementation of the CHW programme in one district in South Africa at the early stages of implementationguided by the Implementation Stages Framework.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study consisting of five focus group discussions and 14 in-depth interviews with CHWs, team leaders and managers. A content analysis of data was conducted.

Results

There were significant weaknesses in early implementation resulting from a vague national policy and a rushed implementation plan. During the installation stage, adaptations were made to address gaps including the appointment of subdistrict managers and enrolled nurses as team leaders. Staff preparation of CHWs and team leaders to perform their roles was inadequate. To compensate, team members supported each another and assisted with technical skills where they could. Structural issues, such as CHWs receiving a stipend rather than being employed, were an ongoing implementation challenge. Another challenge was that facility managers were employed by the local government authority while the CHW programme was perceived to be a provincial programme.

Conclusion

The implementation of complex programmes requires a shared vision held by all stakeholders. Adaptations occur at different implementation stages, which require a feedback mechanism to inform the implementation in other settings. The CHW programme represented a policy advance but lacked detail with respect to human resources, budget, supervision, training and sustainability, which made it a difficult furrow to plough. This study points to how progressive reform remains fraught without due attention to the minutiae of practice.
Physical activity is associated with improvements in other lifestyle behaviours
Authors: Hajat Cother , Kotzen Daniel , Stein Emma , Yach Derek
Published: November 2019

Introduction

We tested whether physical activity (PA) engagement is subsequently associated with additional health-promoting behaviours in a large-scale, real-world programme leveraging technology and behavioural science to reward healthy lifestyle behaviours.

Methods

In this observational, longitudinal study, we compared participants’ verified and self-reported health behaviours prior to and following their first verified engagement in PA recorded on the Vitality programme between 2014 and 2017.

Results

Of 34 061 participants, the mean duration in the programme was 40.1 (SD 12.6) months, and the median time until the first PA was 13.1 (SD 16.6) months, with a mean age of 42.0 (SD 11.1) years and 14 881 (43.7%) being male. Baseline weekly PA minutes were mean 62.8 (SD 129.7), 98 (SD 26.0) and 282.9 (SD 230.0) for the low, moderate and high groups, respectively. In the 12 months following the first PA, the low group increased weekly active minutes by 156% (40 (95% CI 28.6 to 51.0) to 102 (95% CI 94.5 to 109.8)); the moderate group increased weekly active minutes by 60% (85.0 (95% CI 76.4 to 93.5) to 136 (95% CI 130.2 to 141.8)); and no change was seen for the high group. Overall, individuals exhibited an increase of 26% in their weekly active minutes from an average of 130 min (95% CI 121.2 to 139.4) to 164 min (95% CI 157.5 to 169.8). Overall, fruit and vegetable daily servings increased from 2.7 (95% CI 2.6 to 2.8) to 2.9 (95% CI 2.9 to 3.0); Kessler Stress Scores decreased from 17.4 (95% CI 17.2 to 17.6) to 17.0 (95% CI 16.9 to 17.1); sedentary hours decreased from 11.3 (95% CI 11.1 to 11.5) to 10.8 (95% CI 10.7 to 11.0); alcohol consumption decreased from 1.8 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.0) to 1.6 (95% CI 1.5 to 1.7) weekly units; sleep increased from 7.1 (95% CI 7.06 to 7.16) to 7.2 (95% CI 7.13 to 7.20) hours/night.

Conclusions

PA was followed by other health-promoting behaviours. PA interventions should also evaluate the indirect impact on other health behaviours.
Genetic variability and potential effects on clinical trial outcomes: perspectives in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Leonard Hampton , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Krohn Lynne , Faghri Faraz , Iwaki Hirotaka , Ferguson Glen , Day-Williams Aaron G , Stone David J , Singleton Andrew B , Nalls Mike A , Gan-Or Ziv
Published: November 2019

Background

Classical randomisation of clinical trial patients creates a source of genetic variance that may be contributing to the high failure rate seen in neurodegenerative disease trials. Our objective was to quantify genetic difference between randomised trial arms and determine how imbalance can affect trial outcomes.

Methods

5851 patients with Parkinson’s disease of European ancestry data and two simulated virtual cohorts based on public data were used. Data were resampled at different sizes for 1000 iterations and randomly assigned to the two arms of a simulated trial. False-negative and false-positive rates were estimated using simulated clinical trials, and per cent difference in genetic risk score (GRS) and allele frequency was calculated to quantify variance between arms.

Results

5851 patients with Parkinson’s disease (mean (SD) age, 61.02 (12.61) years; 2095 women (35.81%)) as well as simulated patients from virtually created cohorts were used in the study. Approximately 90% of the iterations had at least one statistically significant difference in individual risk SNPs between each trial arm. Approximately 5%–6% of iterations had a statistically significant difference between trial arms in mean GRS. For significant iterations, the average per cent difference for mean GRS between trial arms was 130.87%, 95% CI 120.89 to 140.85 (n=200). Glucocerebrocidase (GBA) gene-only simulations see an average 18.86%, 95% CI 18.01 to 19.71 difference in GRS scores between trial arms (n=50). When adding a drug effect of −0.5 points in MDS-UPDRS per year at n=50, 33.9% of trials resulted in false negatives.

Conclusions

Our data support the hypothesis that within genetically unmatched clinical trials, genetic heterogeneity could confound true therapeutic effects as expected. Clinical trials should undergo pretrial genetic adjustment or, at the minimum, post-trial adjustment and analysis for failed trials.
Resource utilisation among patients transferred for intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Zachrison Kori Sauser , Aaronson Emily , Mahmood Sadiqa , Rosand Jonathan , Viswanathan Anand , Schwamm Lee H , Goldstein Joshua N
Published: November 2019

Background

Patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are frequently transferred between hospitals for higher level of care. We aimed to identify factors associated with resource utilisation among patients with ICH admitted to a single academic hospital.

Methods

We used a prospectively collected registry of consecutive patients with primary ICH at an urban academic hospital between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2015. The primary outcome was use of either intensive care unit (ICU) admission or surgical intervention. Logistic regression examined factors associated with the outcome, controlling for age, sex, Glasgow coma score (GCS) and ICH score.

Results

Of the 2008 patients included, 887 (44.2%) received ICU stay or surgical intervention. These patients were younger (71 vs 74 years, p<0.001), less often white (83.9% vs 89.3%, p<0.001), had lower baseline GCS (12 vs 14, p<0.001) and more frequently had intraventricular haemorrhage (58.6% vs 43.4%, p<0.001). Factors independently associated with ICU stay or surgical intervention were age >65 years (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.69), GCS <15 (1.23, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.52) and ICH score >0 (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.70 to 2.91).

Conclusion

Among this cohort of primary patients with ICH, GCS of 15 and ICH score of 0 were associated with less frequent use of ICU or intervention. These results should be validated in a larger sample but may be valuable for hospitals considering which patients with ICH could safely remain at the referring facility.
Acute ischaemic stroke interventions: large vessel occlusion and beyond
Authors: Sweid Ahmad , Hammoud Batoul , Ramesh Sunidhi , Wong Daniella , Alexander Tyler D , Weinberg Joshua Harrison , Deprince Maureen , Dougherty Jaime , Maamari Dimitri Jean-Mickael , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Zarzour Hekmat , Gooch Michael R , Herial Nabeel , Romo Victor , Hasan David M , Rosenwasser Robert H , Jabbour Pascal
Published: November 2019

Care for acute ischaemic stroke is one of the most rapidly evolving fields due to the robust outcomes achieved by mechanical thrombectomy. Large vessel occlusion (LVO) accounts for up to 38% of acute ischaemic stroke and comes with devastating outcomes for patients, families and society in the pre-intervention era. A paradigm shift and a breakthrough brought mechanical thrombectomy back into the spotlight for acute ischaemic stroke; this was because five randomised controlled trials from several countries concluded that mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke offered overwhelming benefits. This review article will present a comprehensive overview of LVO management, techniques and devices used, and the future of stroke therapy. In addition, we review our institution experience of mechanical thrombectomy for posterior and distal circulation occlusion.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular endurance responses immediately and 2 months after a whole-body Tabata or vigorous-intensity continuous training intervention
Authors: Islam Hashim , Siemens Tina L. , Matusiak Jennifer B.L. , Sawula Laura , Bonafiglia Jacob T. , Preobrazenski Nicholas , Jung Mary E. , Gurd Brendon J.
Published: November 2019

Young adults (52 females, 16 males; age = 21 ± 3 years; V̇O2peak: 41 ± 6 mL/(kg·min)) were randomized into 3 groups: (i) no-exercise control (CTL; n = 15), (ii) Tabata (n = 27), or (iii) vigorous-intensity continuous training (VICT; n = 26) groups for a 4-week supervised training period (4 sessions/week). V̇O2peak, time-to-fatigue (TTF), 5 km time-trial performance (TT), and muscular endurance were assessed at baseline, post-training (POST), and 2-month follow-up (FU). Response confidence intervals (CI) were used to classify individuals as likely responders (R; CI > 0). Both exercise interventions increased TTF and TT at POST (both p < 0.01), but these benefits were maintained at FU after VICT only (p < 0.01). Push-up performance was increased at POST and FU (both p < 0.01) after Tabata. VICT resulted in a greater proportion of TTF R versus both groups at POST (CTL: 1/15; VICT: 19/26; Tabata: 9/27) and versus Tabata at FU (3/15; 13/26; 4/27). VICT also had a greater proportion of TT R versus CTL at POST (2/15; 17/26; 10/27). Tabata had a greater proportion of R for maximum push-up repetitions versus both groups at POST (3/15; 6/26; 18/27) and versus CTL at FU (2/15; 10/26; 18/27). Collectively, VICT appears to be more effective for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas whole-body Tabata confers larger improvements in push-up performance following short-term training.

Novelty: Vigorous-intensity continuous training elicits larger improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness versus whole-body Tabata. Individual response profiles parallel group-level changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular endurance.
Blood flow restriction impairs the inflammatory adaptations of strength training in overweight men: a clinical randomized trial
Authors: da Silva Igor Martins , Santos Maeli Andressa , Galvão Simone Lunelli , Dorneles Gilson P. , Lira Fabio Santos , Romão Pedro R.T. , Peres Alessandra
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of high-intensity strength training (ST) or low-intensity strength training with blood flow restriction (ST-BFR) on monocyte subsets, the expression of C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), and CD16 on monocytes, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production of overweight men. Thirty overweight men were randomly assigned to conventional ST or ST-BFR. Both groups performed exercises of knee extension and biceps curl with equal volume (3 sessions/week) over 8 weeks, and the peripheral frequency of monocytes (CD14+CD16−, classical monocytes; CD14+CD16+, intermediate monocytes; CD14−CD16+, nonclassical monocytes), the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CCR5 and CD16 on CD14+ monocytes; and the production of TNF-α by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells were quantified. Eight weeks of ST increased the frequency of CD14+CD16− monocytes (p = 0.04) and reduced the percentage of CD14−CD16+ (p = 0.02) and the production of TNF-α by LPS-stimulated cells (p = 0.03). The MFI of CD16 on CD14+ monocytes decreased after the ST intervention (p = 0.02). No difference in monocyte subsets, CCR5 or CD16 expression, and TNF-α production were identified after ST-BFR intervention (p > 0.05). The adoption of ST promotes anti-inflammatory effects on monocyte subsets of overweight men, but this effect was lost when BFR was adopted.

Novelty High-intensity strength training reduces the production of TNF-α and the peripheral frequency of CD16+ monocytes in overweight men. Blood flow restriction method blunts the strength training adaptations on monocyte subsets and pro-inflammatory TNF-α production in overweight men.
DevNet: An Efficient CNN Architecture for Handwritten Devanagari Character Recognition
Authors: Guha Riya , Das Nibaran , Kundu Mahantapas , Nasipuri Mita , Santosh K. C.
Published: November 2019

The writing style is a unique characteristic of a human being as it varies from one person to another. Due to such diversity in writing style, handwritten character recognition (HCR) under the purview of pattern recognition is not trivial. Conventional methods used handcrafted features that required a-priori domain knowledge, which is always not feasible. In such a case, extracting features automatically could potentially attract more interests. For this, in the literature, convolutional neural network (CNN) has been a popular approach to extract features from the image data. However, state-of-the-art works do not provide a generic CNN model for character recognition, Devanagari script, for instance. Therefore, in this work, we first study several different CNN models on publicly available handwritten Devanagari characters and numerals datasets. This means that our study is primarily focusing on comparative study by taking trainable parameters, training time and memory consumption into account. Later, we propose and design DevNet, a modified CNN architecture that produced promising results, since computational complexity and memory space are our primary concerns in design.
A General Nonstationary and Time-Varying Mixed Signal Blind Source Separation Method Based on Online Gaussian Process
Authors: He Pengju , Qi Mi , Li Wenhui , Tang Mengyang , Zhao Ziwei
Published: November 2019

Most nonstationary and time-varying mixed source separation algorithms are based on the model of instantaneous mixtures. However, the observation signal is a convolutional mixed source in reverberation environment, such as mobile voice received by indoor microphone arrays. In this paper, a time-varying convolution blind source separation (BSS) algorithm for nonstationary signals is proposed, which can separate both time-varying instantaneous mixtures and time-varying convolution mixtures. We employ the variational Bayesian (VB) inference method with Gaussian process (GP) prior for separating the nonstationary source frame by frame from the time-varying convolution signal, in which the prior information of the mixing matrix and the source signal are obtained by the Gaussian autoregressive method, and the posterior distributions of parameters (source signal and mixing matrix) are obtained by the VB learning. In the learning process, the learned parameters and hyperparameters are propagated to the next frame for VB inference as the prior which is combined with the likelihood function to get the posterior distribution. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective for separating time-varying mixed speech signals.
Intersubband Absorption in Gallium Arsenide Implanted with Silicon Negative Ions
Authors: Yadav A. R. , Dubey S. K. , Dubey R. L. , Subramanyam N. , Sulania I.
Published: November 2019

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) implanted with silicon forming intersubband of SiGaAs is a promising material for making novel electronic and optoelectronic devices. This paper is focused on finding optimum fluence condition for formation of intersubband of SiGaAs in GaAs sample after implantation with 50[Formula: see text]keV silicon negative ions with fluences varying between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions cm[Formula: see text]. The GaAs samples were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis.-NIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The X-ray photoelectron spectra for unimplanted sample showed peaks at binding energy of 18.74[Formula: see text]eV and 40.74[Formula: see text]eV indicating Ga3d and As3d core level, whereas the corresponding core level peaks for implanted sample were observed at binding energy of 19.25[Formula: see text]eV and 41.32[Formula: see text]eV. The shift in Ga3d and As3d core levels towards higher binding energy side in the implanted sample with respect to unimplanted sample were indicative of change in chemical state environment of Ga–As bond. The relative atomic percentage concentration of elemental composition measured using casa XPS software showed change in As/Ga ratio from 0.89 for unimplanted sample to 1.13 for sample implanted with the fluence of [Formula: see text] ion cm[Formula: see text]. The UV-Vis-NIR spectra showed absorption band between 1.365[Formula: see text]eV and 1.375[Formula: see text]eV due to the formation of intersubband of SiGaAs for fluences greater than [Formula: see text] ion cm[Formula: see text]. The GaAs crystallite size calculated using Brus formula was found to vary between 162[Formula: see text]nm and 540[Formula: see text]nm, respectively. The XRD spectra showed the presence of Bragg’s peak at 53.98∘ indicating (311) silicon reflection. The silicon crystallite size determined from full width at half maxima (FWHM) of (311) XRD peak was found to vary between 110[Formula: see text]nm and 161[Formula: see text]nm, respectively.
Tuning of optoelectronic properties of triphenylamines-based donor materials for organic solar cells
Authors: Naeem Maria , Jabeen Sobia , Khera Rasheed Ahmad , Mubashar Usama , Iqbal Javed
Published: November 2019

In the present study, four molecules have been designed by substituting various acceptor moieties around the triphenylamine donor moiety like 2-cyano acrylic acid (R), 2-methylene malonitrile (M1), 2-cyano acrylic acid methyl ester(M2), 2-(2-methylene-3-oxo-indan-1-ylidene)-malonitrile (M3), 2-(6,7-difluoro-2-methylene-3-oxo-indan-1-ylidene)-malonitrile (M4), respectively. CAM-B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level of theory by using density functional theory (DFT) has been used for the investigation of optoelectronic properties of four new triphenylamine (TPA)-based donor materials (M1–M4) for organic solar cells. In comparison with the recently reported reference molecule, the optoelectronic properties of designed molecules were evaluated. M4 showed absorption maxima at 520[Formula: see text]nm due to extended conjugation with bridged thiophene group. Results of reorganization energy calculations also favor M4 exhibiting highest transfer rate of hole as depicted from its low reorganization energy of hole ([Formula: see text].
Uncertainty principles related to quaternionic windowed Fourier transform
Authors: Bahri Mawardi , Ashino Ryuichi
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we first introduce uncertainty principles for the quaternion Fourier transform (QFT). We then provide a different proof of the well-known properties of the quaternionic windowed Fourier transform (QWFT) using properties of the QFT which is a little bit simpler than usual. Based on uncertainty principles for the QFT and the relationship between the QFT and QWFT, we establish uncertainty principles related to the QWFT.
Spherical collapse with heat dissipation in f(R,T,RμνTμν) gravity
Authors: Bhatti M. Z. , Yousaf Z. , Nawaz M.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we investigate the effects of shear viscosity on a dissipative spherical collapse in the presence of heat dissipation and anisotropic pressure. In the background of [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] is Ricci scalar, [Formula: see text] constitutes the trace of energy–momentum tensor, and [Formula: see text], we examine the particular role of shear viscosity on the dynamical equations, and couple it with the heat transport equation, which is interpreted by Israel–Stewart theory. We reacquire the reduction in the inertial mass density of the matter with the addition of viscosity terms, by a factor [Formula: see text] which depends upon the inner states of thermodynamics. With the conformity of the equivalence relationship, the decline in inertial density is very close to gravitational force. To determine the particular results, we construct a relationship of Weyl tensor with distinctive matter variables. We study the inhomogeneous characteristics of energy density in this scenario and examine the significant effects of modified gravity along with shear viscosity.
A comparative study of quaternionic rotational Dirac equation and its interpretation
Authors: Chanyal B. C. , Karnatak Sandhya
Published: November 2019

In this study, we develop the generalized Dirac-like four-momentum equation for rotating spin-1/2 particles in four-dimensional quaternionic algebra. The generalized quaternionic Dirac equation consists of the rotational energy and angular momentum of particle and antiparticle. Accordingly, we also discuss the four-vector form of quaternionic relativistic mass, moment of inertia and rotational energy-momentum in Euclidean space-time. The quaternionic four-angular momentum, (i.e. the rotational analogy of four-linear momentum) predicts the dual energy (rest mass energy and pure rotational energy) and dual momentum (linear-like momentum and pure rotational momentum). Further, the solutions of quaternionic rotational Dirac energy-momentum are obtained by using one-, two- and four-component of quaternionic spinor. We also demonstrate the solutions of quaternionic plane wave equation which gives the rotational frequency and wave propagation vector of Dirac particles and antiparticles in terms of quaternionic form.
Approach of the continuous q-Hermite polynomials to x-representation of q-oscillator algebra and its coherent states
Authors: Fakhri H. , Mousavi Gharalari S. E.
Published: November 2019

We use the recursion relations of the continuous [Formula: see text]-Hermite polynomials and obtain the [Formula: see text]-difference realizations of the ladder operators of a [Formula: see text]-oscillator algebra in terms of the Askey–Wilson operator. For [Formula: see text]-deformed coherent states associated with a disc in the radius [Formula: see text], we obtain a compact form in [Formula: see text]-representation by using the generating function of the continuous [Formula: see text]-Hermite polynomials, too. In this way, we obtain a [Formula: see text]-difference realization for the [Formula: see text]-oscillator algebra in the finite interval [Formula: see text] as a [Formula: see text]-generalization of known differential formalism with respect to [Formula: see text] in the interval [Formula: see text] of the simple harmonic oscillator.
Synthesis of the rod-like NiS2@C for hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic solution
Authors: Wu Xiujuan , Wang Jie , Zhang Fan , Gong Junyan , Xu Pinghao , Xu Yingchen , Zhang Dongen
Published: November 2019

The carbon-based NiS2 nanorods (NiS2@C) were prepared by chemical deposition and sulfidation with nickel dimethylglyoximate (Ni(DMG)2) as the starting agent. The nanorods were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Structural characterization revealed that NiS2 existed on the surface of the rod and in the internal channels of the rod. In 0.5[Formula: see text]m H2SO4 solution, NiS2@C has lower onset potential and higher current density than NiS2. The results suggest that C improves the electrical conductivity of the NiS2 electrocatalyst, and the carbon film-based rod-like NiS2 is a more effective nanocomposite of hydrogen evolution.
Detection of Trojaning Attack on Neural Networks via Cost of Sample Classification
Authors: Gao Hui , Chen Yunfang , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2019

To overcome huge resource consumption of neural networks training, MLaaS (Machine Learning as a Service) has become an irresistible trend, just like SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), and IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) have been. But it comes with some security issues of untrustworthy third-party services. Especially machine learning providers may deploy trojan backdoors in provided models for the pursuit of extra profit or other illegal purposes. Against the redundant nodes-based trojaning attack on neural networks, we proposed a novel detecting method, which only requires the untrusted model to be tested and a small batch of legitimate dataset. By comparing different processes of neural networks training, we found that the embedding of malicious nodes will make their parameter configuration abnormal. Moreover, by analysing the cost distribution of test dataset on network nodes, we successfully detect the trojaned nodes in the neural networks. As far as we know, the research on the defence against trojaning attack on neural networks is still in its infancy, and our research may shed light on the security of MLaaS in real-life scenarios.
Emerging Roles of 5-Lipoxygenase Phosphorylation in Inflammation and Cell Death
Authors: Sun Qian-Yi , Zhou Hong-Hao , Mao Xiao-Yuan
Published: November 2019

5-Lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is an iron-containing and nonheme dioxygenase that catalyzes the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid. ALOX5 is the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, a family of proinflammatory lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid. ALOX5 also make great contributions to mediating lipid peroxidation. In recent years, it has been discovered that ALOX5 plays a central role in cell death including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, a newly discovered type of cell death. According to the previous studies, ALOX5 can regulate cell death in two ways: one is inflammation and the other is lipid peroxidation. Meanwhile, it has been shown that ALOX5 activity is regulated by several factors including protein phosphorylation, ALOX5-interactng protein, redox state, and metal ions such as iron and calcium. In this review, we aim to summarize the knowledge on the emerging roles of ALOX5 protein phosphorylation in the regulation of cell death and inflammation in order to explore a potential target for human diseases.
Numerical Simulation of Multiphase Flow Behavior in Hot Metal Ladle Desulfurization with Bottom Powder Injection and Electric Field
Authors: Feng Lianghua , Liao Xiangwei , Liu Kun , Kang Wei , Han Peng , Liu Guangqiang , Sheng Zhonghua , Shui Xichen , Zhang Dongheng , Lin Wenlei
Published: November 2019

A computation fluid‐coupled discrete phase model (CFD‐DPM) was used to predict the motion characteristics of gas, particle, and liquid phases in the hot metal ladle. The influence of different voltage loading modes, voltage values, and powder injection speeds on the particle motion trail was investigated, while the effects on the particle concentration maximum difference in the stagnation region were discussed. The optimal injection and voltage parameters were proposed. The results are shown as follows: the loading voltage before injection is beneficial to the diffusion of particles in the molten pool. With the increase of voltage and injection speed, the distribution of particles in the upper part of the molten iron tends to be uniform. The bottom of the ladle is the stagnation region. Optimum voltage and injection speed were determined. Under the optimum conditions, particles are evenly dispersed and the particle concentration difference in the stagnation region is small. This research work will benefit greatly to the hot metal ladle desulfurization technology.
Research on IFC‐ and FDS‐Based Information Sharing for Building Fire Safety Analysis
Authors: Shi Jianyong , Dao Jicao , Jiang Liu , Pan Zeyu
Published: November 2019

With the development of computer processors, vast numerical simulation tools are widely used by fire engineers to determine the spread of fire and smoke. However, the fire modeling practices are often highly time‐consuming and cost‐intensive especially for building geometry information which does limit the further implementation of building fire safety analysis. Although nowadays building information modeling (BIM) has become a buzzword in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) field to facilitate information integration and interoperability, data sharing and exchange are still weak in the traditional interoperability between BIM applications and fire simulation software, since the data schema of them are totally different. In this paper, a quick and accurate approach for information sharing for building fire safety analysis between mainstream BIM applications and widely used fire simulation software has been successfully implemented, based on Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). And, both geometrical building information and sematic information can be shared by this approach through the transformation of coordinate systems, outer database, and IFC file extension. The BIM model restoring fire simulation results can support other performance‐based design of building, such as structural fire‐resistant design and evacuation design. And, all of the analysis results including building fire simulation, structure safety design, and evacuation simulation can be integrated in Autodesk Revit, establishing a framework of IFC‐ and FDS‐based information sharing for building fire safety analysis successfully. A gymnasium has been taken as a case study to illustrate the capability of this framework.
The Diagnostic Value of MicroRNAs as a Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Yao , He Jimin , Li Yiqin , Guo Yongcan , Tao Hualin
Published: November 2019

Background. Recently, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in diagnosing cancer has been attracted increasing attention. However, few miRNAs have been applied in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of miRNAs for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at early stages clinically. Methods. A literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. We explored the diagnostic value of miRNAs in distinguishing HCC from healthy individuals. The quality assessment was performed in Review Manager 5.3 software. The overall sensitivity and specificity and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained with random-effects models through Stata 14.0 software. And heterogeneity was assessed using Q test and I2 statistics. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted based on the sample, nation, quality of studies, and miRNA profiling. The publication bias was evaluated through Deeks’ funnel plot. Results. A total of 34 studies, involving in 2747 HCC patients and 2053 healthy individuals, met the inclusion criteria in the 33 included literature studies. In the summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve, AUC was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90–0.94), with 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79–0.88) sensitivity and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83–0.90) specificity. There was no publication bias (P=0.48). Conclusion. miRNAs in vivo can be acted as a potential diagnostic biomarker for HCC, which can facilitate the early diagnosis of HCC in clinical practice.
The Relationship between the Concentration of Salivary Tyrosine and Antioxidants in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Darczuk Dagmara , Krzyściak Wirginia , Bystrowska Beata , Kęsek Barbara , Kościelniak Dorota , Chomyszyn-Gajewska Maria , Kaczmarzyk Tomasz
Published: November 2019

The diagnosis of oral lichen planus (OLP) is based on clinical examination and histopathological criteria. Noninvasive diagnostics of saliva may be considered as a confirmation of OLP diagnosis and a potential alternative to an invasive method. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the level of tyrosine (Tyr) as well as antioxidants like uric acid (UA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the saliva of patients with OLP in comparison with the control group (healthy subjects without any oral changes). A total of 40 patients with OLP and 40 healthy volunteers were selected for the study based on the modified WHO diagnostic (clinical and histopathological) criteria. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed for Tyr concentration, while GPx activity and uric acid levels were determined by a colorimetric method. The concentrations of Tyr, UA, and GPx activity were statistically lowered in OLP patients compared to the control group. All examined parameters correlated strongly and positively with each other. Mean values of salivary UA concentrations differed between the groups of OLP patients (reticular and erosive forms) and controls (206.66 vs. 196.54 vs. 218.49 μmol/L, respectively, p=0.001). A similar trend was demonstrated in salivary Tyr concentration which differed statistically between the study and control groups (0.08 vs. 0.07 vs. 0.13 μmol/L, respectively, p=0.001). Determining of a relationship between the concentrations of Tyr, UA, and GPx activity may be useful in the prognosis of OLP. The HPLC method may be employed, as an additional noninvasive diagnostic procedure to screen OLP patients, during the routine diagnostics of salivary biochemical parameters such as aromatic amino acids.