bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyber-Threat Information-Sharing Standards: A Review of Evaluation Literature
Authors: Mkuzangwe Nenekazi N P , Khan Zubeida C
Published: July 2020

Cyber-threat information-sharing tools, through which cybersecurity teams share threat information, are essential to combatting today's increasingly frequent and sophisticated cyber-attacks. Several cyber-threat information-sharing standards exist, but there is at present no single standard or set of standards widely adopted by organisations and by computer security incident response teams (CSIRTs) operating at organisational, sectoral, national, and international levels. This introduces an interoperability problem in respect of communication across the various organisations and CSIRTs. Harmonised adoption of threat information-sharing standards would be of great benefit to cybersecurity efforts. In an effort to support harmonised use of cyber-threat information-sharing standards, this article provides findings from a review of the extant literature on such standards.
Factors Impacting Tanzanian Rural and Peri-urban Drug Dispensaries' Perceived Benefits from Using an mHealth Reporting System
Authors: Elias Alistair , Mtebe Joel S
Published: July 2020

This study examines the factors impacting Tanzanian drug dispensaries' perceptions of the potential benefits of using a mobile health (mHealth) reporting system. Since 2003, the Government of Tanzania has implemented its Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlet (ADDO) programme in support of dispensaries in under-served rural and peri-urban areas. A core element of this ADDO programme is the dispensary use of an mHealth application for reporting on the drugs they are dispensing and the medical conditions that are being treated. This study canvassed the views of ADDO programme dispensaries using the mHealth reporting system in the Iringa, Mbeya, and Njombe Regions, through a survey questionnaire completed by 318 dispensaries and focus group discussions with 38 dispensary personnel. The data revealed that four factors-system quality, information quality, service quality, and price value-are all having a statistically significant impact on dispensaries' perceptions of the potential benefits of using the mHealth system.
PERAKENDE SEKTÖRÜNDE ENTROPİ TEMELLİ COPRAS YÖNTEMİ İLE FİNANSAL BAŞARI ÖLÇÜMÜ: CARREFOURSA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ŞENKAL Elif , ÖZTEL Ahmet
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de perakende sektöründe faaliyet gösteren Carrefoursa market zincirinin 2014-2018 periyodunda finansal performansı incelenmiştir. Değerlendirme kriteri olarak 12 finansal oran kullanılırken, oranların önem düzeyi Entropi ağırlıklama yöntemi ile tespit edilerek, COPRAS yöntemi ile sıralama belirlenmiştir. Özkaynak Karlılığı önem düzeyi en yüksek finansal oran olurken Özkaynak Devir Hızı en düşük önem düzeyine sahip oran olmuştur. Analiz sonunda 2015 yılı en başarılı yıl seçilirken 2017 yılı en başarısız yıl olmuştur. Finansal başarısızlığa en büyük etkinin Özkaynak Karlılığı oranında yaşanan aşırı düşüş olduğu gözlenmiştir. Buna da Net Kârdaki azalma sebep olmuştur. Tabiî olarak 2016 yılındaki askeri darbe girişimi sonrasında görülen ekonomik göstergelerdeki kötüleşmenin sonucu olduğu söylenebilir. Özellikle 2016 yılında GSYH (Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla) düşüşü ve tüketim harcamalarındaki daralma 2017 yılındaki başarısızlığı hazırlamıştır.
KADİR CANGIZBAY VE KÜRESELLEŞME HAKKINDAKİ YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: BİLGE Muhittin
Published: June 2020

Türkçe'de küreselleşme olarak karşılığını bulan globalleşme (Globalization), 1980'lerden günümüze kadar her alanda hem beşeri bilimlerin hem de ulusal ve uluslararası siyasetin en önemli konularından biri olmuştur. Sorun; ekonomiden kültüre, hukuktan siyasete kadar çok yönlü ve birbirini ilgilendiren/etkileyen boyutları sebebiyle hem teorik hem de pratik yönleriyle hep canlı kalmış ve Mc Luhan'ın 1960larda literatüre soktuğu deyişle "Global Köy" hâline dönüşen/dönüştürülen dünyanın hâli her açıdan tartışmaya açılmıştir. Meseleyi bulunduklari yer, önceledikleri problematikler ve konjonktürel ikametgahlari zaviyesinden ele alan bilim insanları, ve siyasal elit, konu hakkında büyük yelpazede bir literatür oluşturmuş ve oluşturmaya da devam etmektedirler.

Kadir Cangızbay ele aldığı konuları -bazılarını aşağıda göstermeye çalışacağız- oldukça farklı ve çarpıcı bir üslupla dile getiren, alışılmışın dışında bir sosyolog/akademisyendir. Globalleşme/küreselleşme olgusunu da -tabii ki diğer yaklaşımlardan da haberli bir bilim insanı sıfatıyla- kendine has bir yaklaşımla ele alıp tartışmakta, ve globalleşme varsa bir globalleştirmenin olduğunu ve bunun emperyalist/kapitalist güçler tarafından terörize edici bir şekilde "öteki" toplumlara dayatıldığını çarpıcı bir şekilde ele almaktadır.

Biz bu makalede, Cangızbay'ın bu tartışma ve yaklaşımının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi amacıyla önce beslendiği iki kaynak olan Gurwitch ve Saint Simon ile ilişkisine değinip, ardından bazı temel konulardaki düşüncelerini ele aldıktan sonra Küreselleşme, kendisinin ifadesiyle globalleşme ile ilgili düşüncelerini irdelemeye çalışacağız.
What We Know and What We Do Not Know about Trust in Work Teams: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Dumitru Catalina Diana , Mittelstadt Alexandra
Published: June 2020

Trust in work teams is a growing field of research. Numerous studies research trust in work teams in connection to team effectiveness and team performance. But this substantial amount of work lacks continuity and systematization in terms of conceptualization and operationalization. With this research project we take stock of the knowledge from previous studies and carry out a systematic review of the literature on trust in work teams. We analyze a total of 64 papers addressing trust in work teams, published between 1999 and 2019 (inclusive). In our review we focus on how trust in teams has been conceptualized and operationalized, how trust develops and is maintained in work teams, and on the tangled relationships between trust, distrust, and control. With this paper we contribute to the field of management and organizational studies by offering a theoretical framework of the antecedents of trust in work teams and by identifying current research gaps and future research directions.
Reward Management Practices and Employee Performance of Public Universities in South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Okoli Ifeanyi Emmanuel , Okoli David Ifeanyi , Nuel-Okoli Chinenye Maureen
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the paper was to examine the relationship that exists between Reward Management Practices and Employee Performance in selected Public Universities in the South-East Nigeria. The paper was anchored on Equity Theory. A descriptive survey research design was adopted by the study. Stratified sampling techniques were used to obtain a sample of 365 out of a target population of 7411 using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was tested for reliability by using Split half test to determine the internal consistency of the items. The paper used expert judgment method to determine content validity. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) at .05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there was a significant positive relationship existing between distributive justice and employee commitment (cal. r .893 > crit. r 0.098) and there was a significant positive relationship existing between employee recognition and job satisfaction (cal. r .942 > crit. r 0.0980). It was hence recommended among other things that the focused public universities need to ensure that employees are rewarded justly and fairly and that they need not rely solely on the base pay employee earn but also inculcate several recognition programs into their reward systems.
Conceptual Model for Cashless Society: A Literature Synthesis
Authors: Rahadi Raden Aswin , Nainggolan Yunieta Anny , Afgani Kurnia Fajar , Yusoff Yusliza Mohd , Muhammad Zikri , Angelina Chynthia , Farooq Khalid
Published: June 2020

This study provides a review of 50 number of papers, the synthesis and thus develops a comprehensive conceptual model for developing a cashless society in a country. Based on our analysis, factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, perceived risk, price value, perceived security, habit, trust, and social influence, all are affecting the use behavior of a customers.  Future studies using quantitative and qualitative methods can be conducted based on the proposed conceptual model.
The Effect of the 2018 Economic Crisis on Purchasing Behavior
Authors: Ceylan Eris , Kirgiz Ayca Can
Published: June 2020

Economic crisis is a reason for concern for every country in the world and it has a widespread impact on people. When we look at the economic crises in history, most of them were accompanied by high inflation, depreciation of money and rising unemployment rates. The negative impact of economic crisis on people's living standards also leads to changes in their consumption habits which is already a difficult task to predict. The aim of this study is to discuss the effects of the economic crisis that was started in 2018 and still ongoing, on purchasing behavior of the consumers in Turkey based on scientific data and methods. The results were interpreted by comparing them with the results of a previous study that has been conducted after 2008 economic crisis in Turkey. For this purpose, a survey which was prepared considering the possible effects of the crisis conducted on 456 consumers over the age of 18 and currently living in Turkey. The results were analyzed and discussed comparing groups of participants with different demographic information.
Influence of Value Addition to Agricultural Produce and Result Based Monitoring and Evaluation to Households Food Security in Murang’a County, Kenya
Authors: Ngugi Anne Nyawira , Maitho Timothy , Kyalo Dorothy Ndunge
Published: June 2020

Climate change is real and has created weather patterns that are not only complicated for metrological interpretation but also pose harm to agriculture and food production activities across the globe. The Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation Systems helps in promoting good governance in research projects, strengthening accountability of household food resources utilization; facilitating transparency throughout project measurement; promoting understanding of Monitoring and Evaluation process amongst all stakeholders and enable effective utilization of value addition to food management throughout the food pipeline from produce to consumption activities and processes. Since agriculture is the backbone of food production in Kenya, food security is seriously threatened and as indicated in the recent cases of famine in Baringo and Turkana and parts of Central Kenya, it is clear that if not intercepted the situation may develop to a level that is unmanageable and thwart the existence of human beings. The stakeholders need several interventions’ to successfully intervene in elevating the food situation, such as : a) Identify and map areas affected by famine in the region, b) Identify and adapt short term and drought resistant food crops, c) Introduce water fed modern irrigation farming methods to supplement on the rain reliance rain farming which is coupled unpredictable rainfall  shortage in the region, d) To adopt greenhouse farming methods for weather sensitive crops e) Carry out intensive value addition to food produce in order to reduce post-harvest food loses throughout the food process. The result shows significant a positive significant effect moderating influence in model three (R= 0.836a, R2=0.699, F=577.639, P-value<0.05) which is strong and significant, suggesting a moderating effect in value addition on model three after an interaction term is introduced.  The target group for the project are small scale farmers in the semi-arid areas of Murang’a County and the main activities will be the application of modern farming methods.
Development of a Hammer Mill with Double Sieving Screens
Authors: Ojomo Oluyemisi Adebanjo , Fawohunre A. J.
Published: June 2020

A hammer mill with double sieving device was designed and fabricated from locally available materials for grinding grains and other agricultural products. The conceptual design was based on the principle of design by analysis. The test carried out on the machine showed that the crushing capacity of the machine is 51.5 Kh/hr. The moisture content, machine speed and the interaction between them had significant effect on the milling power and specific energy requirement at 5 % level of significance. Milling power and specific energy requirement of the machine increased with increase in moisture content. The maximum crushing efficiency of 79.3 %, minimum milling power and specific energy requirement of 0.09 Kw and 3.04 Kwh/mg respectively were obtained at moisture content of 8 % (wb) and machine speed of 2000 rpm. Regression models that could be used to express the relationship existing between the hammer mill performance indices, product moisture content and machine speed were established. The machine has dual purpose for either electric motor or petrol engine.
Machine learning Clustering Algorithms Based on the DEA Optimization Approach for Banking System in Developing Countries
Authors: Mirmozaffari Mirpouya , Boskabadi Azam , Azeem Gohar , Massah Reza , Boskabadi Elahe , Dolatsara Hamidreza Ahady , Liravian Ata
Published: June 2020

Machine learning grows quickly, which has made numerous academic discoveries and is extensively evaluated in several areas. Optimization, as a vital part of machine learning, has fascinated much consideration of practitioners. The primary purpose of this paper is to combine optimization and machine learning to extract hidden rules, remove unrelated data, introduce the most productive Decision-Making Units (DMUs) in the optimization part, and to introduce the algorithm with the highest accuracy in Machine learning part. In the optimization part, we evaluate the productivity of 30 banks from eight developing countries over the period 2015-2019 by utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). An additive Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model for measuring the efficiency of decision processes is used. The additive models are often named Slack Based Measure (SBM). This group of models measures efficiency via slack variables. After applying the proposed model, the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is computed to evaluate the productivity of companies. In the machine learning part, we use a specific two-layer data mining filtering pre-processes for clustering algorithms to increase the efficiency and to find the superior algorithm. This study tackles data and methodology-related issues in measuring the productivity of the banks in developing countries and highlights the significance of DMUs productivity and algorithms accuracy in the banking industry by comparing suggested models.
Quality Evaluation of Extrudates from Defatted Cashew Nut Flour and Whole Oat Flour
Authors: Olaleye Hannah Temitayo , Oresanya Tolulope Omowunmi , Abdullahi Zainab Omaze , Anderson Elizabeth Modupe
Published: June 2020

Access to affordable nutritious foods and development of new food product with an intention to bridge a gap are some of the ways food security can be achieved. This study was conducted to produce extrudates from defatted cashew nut- whole oats flour and to determine the effects of ingredients combination on the nutritional quality of the extrudates. Cashew nut and Oats were processed into flours with pre-calculated amount of carboxyl-methyl cellulose to attain good textural properties. Extrusion was performed at predetermined feed moisture (11%), screw speed of (110rpm) and barrel temperature (900C). Proximate and functional properties of blend ratios as well as proximate, functional, textural and sensory evaluation of the extrudates were determined. Extrusion cooking reduced the moisture content but increased the protein and crude fibre of the extrudates. Texture profile analysis showed that as oats flour increased the hardness and chewiness also increased. Sample O75C25 was rated most acceptable with regards to the overall acceptability. The best extrudates with high protein-crude fibre and chewiness was made from 75% whole oat flour to 25% defatted cashew nut flour. Functional extrudates can be made from defatted cashew nut and oat flour which can serve as a functional food.
Bio-remedial Effect of Specific Micro-organisms (Bacteria) on Used Engine Oil: A Case Study of Some Mechanic Workshops in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council (MMC)
Authors: Yerima Ibrahim , Felix G. A. , Ahmad M. I.
Published: June 2020

The potential of three micro-organisms (Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and Bacillus sp) were isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil and were evaluated for their biodegradation ability. The rate of biodegradation of the engine oil in the soil samples were exposed to used engine oil with different exposure rates of 5,10,15 and 20 years  were studied for a period of three (3) weeks under greenhouse experiment. The soil samples were obtained from four different mechanic workshops in M.M.C and they were plated on nutrients agar and oil agar medium to isolate the bacterial species from the spilled soil samples. All the micro-organisms used in this study showed their abilities to remediate soil exposed to used engine oil and the remediated soil samples were able to support the growth of Maize ( Zea mays) after 10 years  effective growth
Biodegradation of Aromatics Such as Benzene, Toluene and Phenol by Pseudomonas Strain
Authors: Arvind Mahesh , Bhatt Sneha , K. R. Nichith
Published: June 2020

The environment is home to thousands of life forms and the day to day human activities are posing a serious threat to these organisms and leading them to the path of extinction. A wide range of pollutants are seen contaminating resources such as air, water and land. One major issue of water pollution is due to industrial effluents which includes a combination of phenolics and aromatic hydrocarbons. These organic compounds are said to be toxic to life even in minor quantities. An effective approach to detoxify these contaminated water sources and make it sustainable is by bioremediation. Microbes bioremediate the environment as they biodegrade the pollutants to obtain energy. Among aromatics, phenols and their derivatives from the principal group of environmental contaminants. Even at low levels they are toxic and they pose a threat to the biosphere because of their recalcitrant nature. Pseudomonas was the bacteria chosen for the study due to its versatile nature. The bacteria were isolated and characterized using biochemical tests. It was then subjected to degrade organic compounds such as benzene, toluene and phenol. The bacteria showed optimal growth in the presence of these compounds and could metabolize them effectively. A concentration of up to 6% benzene, 2% toluene and 0.5% phenol was found to be degraded. The aromatics were found to be assimilated by the end of 24 hours. The bacteria were successful in biodegradation of these aromatic hydrocarbons and proves to be a novel strain capable of biodegradation of these aromatics at such high concentrations and thus, proves to be a promising solution to decontaminate water resources that are affected due to them.
Environmental Laws in Nigeria: Negligence and Compliance in the Building of Houses on Erosion and Flood Prone Areas in the South-South Region of Nigeria
Authors: Jegede Amen Osamede
Published: June 2020

This research work examined the assessment of Environmental Laws in Nigeria: Negligence and Compliance in the Building of Houses on Erosion and Flood Prone Areas in the South-South Region of Nigeria. Data for this study were collected from primary and secondary sources, through the administration of one thousand, seven hundred and twenty eight (1,728) copies of questionnaire using the random sampling method on respondents. Simple percentages, charts, student’s t-test, anova, and correlation statistical techniques were used in the analysis of the data collected. The results of the analysis revealed that 32.1% were in compliance; while 67.9% were non-compliance with environmental laws in the building of houses on erosion and flood prone areas in the South-South Region of Nigeria. The null hypothesis one was rejected in favour of the alternative hypothesis, which states that, there is a significant difference between the level of compliance in the building on erosion and flood prone areas within the study area. The study therefore recommends that, at present, all levels of Government should place more emphasis on the construction of flood and erosion control works, whenever   there is flood and erosion menace. Although, the incorporation of the biological aspect with that of flooding and erosion control measures has proved to be somewhat effective, a more sustainable control of flooding and erosion problem should be advocated.
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Geophagic Soils in Ghana: A Review
Authors: Abdul Rasheed Mohammed , Arhin Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

Geophagy is practised all over the world but it is still challenging to attest to the safety of the practitioners as the provenance and geochemistry of clays ingested are not fully understood. Clay can form over all types of rocks but the mineralogical and chemical compositions may vary. Significance of provenance and geochemical studies in Southern Africa aided in the identification of some elements and minerals which upon their ingestion affect human developments to be reduced as part of recommendations from that investigation. Published articles in geophagy in Ghana indicate lack of investigations in provenance and geochemistry into clays used in geophagia, even though the practice is nationwide and very common in rural Ghana.  The variability of the geochemistry across landscape and different provenance of clays recognized elsewhere in similar geological settings motivated the review of geophagy in Ghana since similar clay occurrence can exist in similar geologic province. The after review comments by the authors is that the understanding of the provenance and geochemistry of clays used in the practice can lead to approval of removing or reducing some known toxic elements and minerals to make the practice safe and attractive and therefore recommend the investigation into provenance and geochemistry of clays to be used as geophagic materials in Ghana.
Teenage Cigarettes Smoking and the Situation in Saudi Arabia in Terms of Prevalence, Predicting and Preventing Factors, A Narrative Review
Authors: Alzahrani Ahmad Yousif
Published: June 2020

Teenage smoking is a growing health issue in the Saudi population, and it could be predicted by some factors. To understand teenage smoking risk factors in our population, we reviewed the literature on related topics. A narrative review of the related literature published in the English language from 2008 to 9th July 2019 using PubMed database was performed to know the prevalence of teenage smoking, important predictors and possible preventive measures.  The prevalence of adolescent smoking was ranging from 9.2 to 20%. The main predicting factors were male gender, parental smoking, and education status, smoking peers, having pocket money and watching smoking sceneries in movies. The important preventive strategies were improving awareness, excising tax and increasing legal age of smoking to 21 years.  Our study revealed that most of the Saudi youth aged from 15-24 years started smoking at an age younger than 18 years which call for the development and implementation of preventive programs to minimize smoking initiation among teenagers.
Synchronous Primary Tumors of Kidney and Bilateral Ovaries-A Diagnostic Challenge: Case Report
Authors: Singh Kriti , Gupta Deepti , Tewari Anjali , Mudgal Vinod Kumar , Trivedi Nupur , Agarwal Shefali
Published: June 2020

Multiple malignancies in the same patient account for 2% to 17% of all cancers. However, multiple synchronous primary tumours in the same patient are extremely rare. Most synchronous primary tumors involve the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract, followed by both breast and genitourinary tract, and breast and gastrointestinal tract. Among gynaecological malignancies, synchronous primary carcinomas of the endometrium and ovary are the commonest. Synchronous primary neoplasm involving kidney and ovaries are extremely rare, with only few case reports in the literature; however, there are no reported cases in the Indian literature. We hereby report a case of 60 year old woman who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cancer and primary cytoreductive surgery for her ovarian cancer. In this report we present the first case in the Indian literature of synchronous primary cancers in right kidney and bilateral ovaries. Based on the combination of factors (diagnosis, treatment and demographics), it is expected that in the course of the coming years, the prevalence of patients with multiple primaries will increase. Careful attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis between double primary and metastatic tumours, based on the pathologic, radiological and clinical characteristics.
A Study On Comparison Of Pain Score Between Upper Limb And Lower Limb Fractures
Authors: Baharuddin Kamarul Aryffin , Fauzi Mohd Hashairi , Mohd Shukri Mohd Faiz , Yaacob Normalinda , Abu Bakar Mimi Azliha
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Pain is the most common chief complaint of patients presenting to Emergency Department (ED). Pain is not simply a signal for tissue injury, but also a signal to seek repair and recuperation. The aim of this study was to determine whether upper limb (UL) or lower limb (LL) fracture has more pain and to evaluate the association between types of fracture (UL vs LL) with adequacy of pain relief.

Methodology: A study was conducted from July to October 2005 in ED, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected. Paramedics in charged were the assistants; at the same time became the observer. The paramedics were not involved in the decision making for pain management. Pain severity score was assessed by using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS).

Results: 42 patients were enrolled. 85.7% (n=36) were male and 14.3% were female. Mean age is 29.6 years old. Mean NRS on arrival for UL and LL fractures were 6.47 ± 1.70 and 7.80 ± 2.53 respectively. Mean NRS for mixed fractures (both UL and LL) was 7.60 ± 3.36. There was no statistically significant association between fracture sites and analgesic administration (p value=0.300). There were 70.6% and 70.0% of the patients with UL and LL fractures had adequate pain relief whereas 80% of patients with mixed fractures had adequate pain relief (p value= 0.902).

Conclusion: LL and mixed fractures had more pain score on arrival but there was no statistically significant association between fracture sites and analgesics administration and no association between fracture sites with adequacy of pain relief.
Effect of Examination Stress on the Blood Pressure of Secondary School Students in Oroke High School Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, South Western Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Nathaniel O. , Adegboro Joseph Sunday
Published: June 2020

Background: Examination stress is caused by various stressors: the fear of inadequate preparation for the exam and fear of failing it, the need to pass very well in the exam to satisfy the parental and guardian expectation and the extra effort made to work harder, burning the midnight oil over the preparation for the examination. The aim of this study is to use the data of blood pressure to find out the effect of examination stress on the various Nigerian secondary school classes.

Method: Quasi experimental research design was used for this study, A sample of (650) respondents was selected using stratified sampling technique. Digital sphygmomanometer was used to measure the actual blood pressure readings of the respondents. The readings were taken twice on each occasion with at least thirty minutes interval in sitting positions. The measurements were carried out three times during the study, two weeks after resumption for the second term of 2017/2018 academic year, two weeks before the second term examination and four weeks after the terminal examination.

Results: The results show that the mean systolic blood pressure two weeks before the start of the examination is generally higher for all the classes than their values at the beginning of the term and their values at four weeks after the examination. Since blood pressure increases with stress .

Conclusion: examination stress increases towards the start of examination and reduces after it, males and females differ in their experience of stress imposed by academic examination, and blood pressure increases with stress.
Small Bowel Volvulus In Adult: A Review Of Literature
Authors: Shyam Devajit Chowlek , Shyam Ranjit Chowlek
Published: June 2020

A Small bowel volvulus is a rare entity where the small bowel loop twists around its own mesentery. These twisting may produce a mechanical obstruction, vascular compromise, or both. In North America and Western Europe, the annual incidence of small bowel volvulus is 1.7 to 5.7 cases per 100,000, but much higher rates of 24 to 60 cases per 100,000 have been observed in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and India. Small bowel volvulus can be classified as primary and secondary subtypes. In primary variety, there is no known cause whereas secondary variety occurs due to the presence of predisposing lesions, either congenital or acquired of which postoperative adhesion is the most common responsible factor. The most commonly accepted explanation for the initiation of primary small bowel volvulus is the abnormal bowel peristalsis generated due to the sudden overfilling of the empty bowel loop with a large portion of meal after prolong fasting. Secondary small bowel volvulus is commonly seen in the elderly population with mixed gender distribution. There are no specific clinical features or laboratory findings and a high index of suspicion is required to reach a diagnosis. Abdominal pain is the most common presenting feature of small bowel volvulus. CT scan is the investigation of choice and a whirl sign is the characteristic finding of bowel volvulus. Urgent Surgical exploration is the treatment of choice to prevent complications due to vascular compromise. Although small bowel volvulus is rare, it has a mortality rate between 9% and 35%, which can reach up to 100% if associated with bowel necrosis.
Peripheral Venous Cannulation Associated Thrombophlebitis And Its Management
Authors: Singh Shiana , Gupta Amit , Handa Prince , Aggarwal Naman , Gupta Sweety , Kalyani Vasantha C , Singh Chongtham` Anil kumar , Rajput Deepak , Kumar Navin , Gupta Manoj
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Thrombophlebitis due to peripheral venous catheterization is one of the most common yet the most neglected iatrogenic complications in health care settings. If taken care of, the incidence of thrombophlebitis can be significantly reduced thus reducing the burden of its complications, patient’s hospital stay and exploitation of human and economical resources.

Material & Methods: This observational study of thrombophlebitis after peripheral venous cannulation was carried out at a tertiary care centre. 761 patients admitted in different clinical departments were  subjected to peripheral venous catheterization for various therapeutic treatment.

Results: 100 patients developed thrombophlebitis out of 761 patients. Majority of the patients were managed by conservative methods, only one patient was managed by incisional pus drainage.

Conclusion: From this study we conclude that the incidence of thrombophlebitis in our hospital setting was around 10%. Taking aseptic precautions, proper cannula care and changing the cannula timely can significantly reduce the incidence. Most of the cases can be managed non-operatively by giving medications according to symptoms.
Primary Breast Lymphoma: Case Report Of A Rare Pathological Entity
Authors: McFarlane Michael , Coard Kathleen
Published: June 2020

Primary breast lymphoma is a rare disease, which accounts for 0.4% of all malignancies seen in the breast and 2% of extranodal lymphomas. The majority of cases are B-cell lymphomas, with diffuse large cell (B) lymphoma the predominant histological type. A variety of treatment modalities have been suggested, with radiation therapy recommended for stage I patients and chemotherapy recommended for stage II patients. Outcome following treatment is predicted by the pathological grade of the tumor and the presence of lymph node involvement. Radical surgical resection including mastectomy has not been shown to affect the outcome of this entity.

A 61-year-old woman presented with a one month history of a painful right breast lump. Examination identified the presence of two lumps which were biopsied, confirming the presence of a lymphocytic lymphoma expressing a B-cell phenotype with co-expression of CD 43 (MT-1) consistent with MALT-type lymphoma.

She underwent further excision for recurrent tumor but declined adjuvant therapy. She has remained disease free during a 7-year follow up period.

Primary breast lymphoma is a rare malignancy of the breast representing less than 2% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The features on clinical breast examination and imaging are not characteristic and cannot be differentiated from breast carcinoma.  Treatment involves surgical resection with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy administered in selected cases.

A 61-year-old woman presented with a one month history of a painful right breast lump. Examination identified the presence of two lumps which were biopsied, confirming the presence of a lymphocytic lymphoma expressing a B-cell phenotype with co-expression of CD 43 (MT-1) consistent with MALT-type lymphoma.

She underwent further excision for recurrent tumor but declined adjuvant therapy. She has remained disease free during a 7-year follow up period.

Primary breast lymphoma is a rare malignancy of the breast representing less than 2% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The features on clinical breast examination and imaging are not characteristic and cannot be differentiated from breast carcinoma.  Treatment involves surgical resection with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy administered in selected cases.
New Sensitive Technique For Estimation Of Estrogen Receptors
Authors: Aref Mohamed Ibraheim , Abomohamed Nagah Mohamed , Shalaby Adel
Published: June 2020

Background: Estrogens play a key role in the human male reproductive system. Estrogen receptors (ERs: ERα and ERβ) was detected in germ cells from spermatogonia to spermatozoa.

Objective: Tto evaluate the different estrogen receptors expressions on the sperm in infertile males using a new technique and apply that on infertile patient with varicocele.

Materials and Methods: This study included 200 males, divided into two equal groups. Group1  included  fertile males, and group II included infertile males tested according to presence of varicocele with different grades which were classified according to Dubin-Amelar clinical classification of varicocele (1970), 1 m pellet was examined for the expression of the ERα and ERβ using immunocytochemistry stain. The stained sperm was processed in Photoshop program. The estrogen receptors were visualized after magnification and increased resolution in addition using a yellow filter. Percentage of stained sperm with different location in relation to the unstained sperm was counted.

Results: There was a strong expression of ER β on the sperm in fertile males while ERα expression very reduced in fertile males and almost absent in all infertile males. Also, there was a statistically significant decrease in both ERα and β expression in infertile males than fertile males and in varicocele.

Conclusion: ER technical estimation using immunoassay was better than any other techniques assay because ER could be present, but not function due to dislocation and deposition into wrong position.
Myxedema Coma: a Review
Authors: Talha Abderrahim , Houssam Bkiyar , Brahim Housni
Published: June 2020

Myxedema coma, represents the extreme degree of severity of hypothyroidism, whose mortality can reach very high percentages, therefore, it is a true medical emergency. In general, its development is associated with the presence of a triggering factor in a controlled hypothyroid patient and manifests with multisystem alteration. Currently, tools have been developed for clinical diagnosis that use the profile and clinical models, and have good sensitivity-specificity. They allow an early diagnosis which favored the early start of treatment and therefore improves the prognosis. The patient with myxedema coma needs an integral approach, with intensive treatment and close monitoring of hemodynamic parameters. However, the basis of treatment remains hormone replacement, which should be initiated with a combination of levothyroxine and triiodothyronine.
Mercury Pollution Linked To Gold Panning In DR Congo: Contamination Of Aquatic Systems And Health Impact On Residents
Authors: Mputu Kanyinda Jean-Noël , Pascal Nsambu Mukondwa , Dieudonné Musibono
Published: June 2020

The interactions between selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) were assessed on fish, crabs, and molluscs to assess the risks to public health associated with dietary exposure to mercury from their consumption. To this end, mass concentrations of mercury and selenium have been determined in the edible tissues of three species of fish, in crabs and molluscs taken from the rivers of the gold zones of Fizi in South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo. We found values ​​greater than 1 µg/g Hg in all fish samples regardless of the river, but also that the Kimbi River was the most polluted with an average mercury content of about 5 µg/g. Crabs and molluscs also had Hg values ​​greater than 1.
Sensors Based on Nanoantennas: Fundamentals
Authors: Lameirinhas Ricardo A. Marques , Torres João Paulo N. , Baptista António
Published: June 2020

Nanoscience and nanotechnology are emerging fields where some phenomena were recently discovered, allowing the design of some new devices. One of these phenomena is extraordinary optical transmission - EOT -, which was discovered in 1998 by Ebbesen. He reported that light can be amplified in certain conditions, due to a resonant behaviour, using metallic arrays. Even more, he associated this behaviour to surface plasmon polaritons and suggested that devices, as optical sensors, can be designed based on this phenomenon. To understand the surface plasmon polaritons theory, classical theories will be studied and compared with it. Also, the composite diffracted evanescent waves - CDEW -, model, which is not the most accurate model in comparison with the surface plasmon polaritons, will be presented, in order to cover an important topic on the theoretical foundations. After it, the application of nanoantennas as a sensor is going to be analysed. Finally, stationary simulations for a 16-slit gold array were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics and they are going to be presented in order to observe the occurrence of EOT.
Improved Thermoluminescence Properties of Natural NaCl Salt Extracted From Mediterranean Sea Water Relevant to Radiation Dosimetry
Authors: Khamis Fawzeia Mabrouk , Arafah D. E.
Published: June 2020

Thermoluminescence (TL) technique has been used to characterize and determine the dosimetric properties of natural sodium chloride (NaCl) salt extracted from the Seawater of the Mediterranean Sea. The TLD grade material was prepared by evaporation and annealing the powder obtained from the aqueous solution. The TL properties include the response to theb-irradiation dose and the effects resulting from annealing up to 700oC, heating rate and fading. The analysis involve using total Glow Curve Deconvolution (GCD) to separate the inherent overlapping TL-peaks and determine the TL characteristics and the trapping parameters using general order (GO)kinetics (activation energy, kinetic order, peak position of trap and the frequency factor). The GL-curves exhibit well defined TL-peaks around 140oC, 225oC and 380oC and response depending on the annealing temperature due to variations due to formation of the structural defects. A linear response was noticed over the delivered range of absorbed doses up to 4Gy. The fading results gave evidence that TL emission is due to a redistribution of trapping levels and indicate that the prominent TL-peak near 225oCis useful for TL-dosimetric applications.
Circulating RNA in blood plasma as diagnostic tool for clinical oncology
Authors: Lolomadze EA , Kometova VV , Rodionov VV
Published: July 2020

One of the key challenges facing today’s oncology is the discovery of early predictors of malignant neoplasms in patients’ biological samples. Liquid biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic technique based on the detection and isolation of tumor cells, tumor-derived nucleic acid and exosomes circulating in the blood plasma of cancer patients. There is a plethora of research studies of circulating tumor DNA in patients with MN. The active proliferation of tumor cells occurs in the backdrop of altered gene expression. The presence of tissue-specific transcripts in the circulating RNA fraction suggests that levels of circulating RNA reflect the development of the primary tumor. We think that cell-free RNA circulating in the blood plasma is a promising molecular biomarker for early cancer detection.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SAVI (SOMATIC, AUDITORY, VISUALIZATION, INTELLECTUALY ) BERBANTUAN MEDIA FLASH CARD TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS LAPORAN HASIL OBSERVASI SISWA KELASX MAN KABANJAHE TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Br Ginting Misbah Fitrita , Rosmaini Rosmaini
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visualization, Intellectualy) Berbantuan Media Flashcard Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Laporan Hasil Observasi Siswa Kelas X MAN Kabanjahe Tahun Pembelajaran 2019/2020.Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh Siswa Kelas X MAN Kabanjahe berjumlah 239 siswa.Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 72 siswa yang diambil dengan teknik random sampling (acak kelas). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen quasi dengan desain two group post-test only control design. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan adanya perbedaan hasil kemampuan menulis laporan hasil observasi. Tes pada kelas kontrol dengan nilai rata-rata 71,25, standar deviasi 11,1 dan standar error 1,88 sedangkan kelas eksperimen dengan nilai rata-rata 80,13, standar deviasi 8,6 dan standar error 1,45.  Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji “t” dari perhitungan uji hipotesis diperoleh thitung = 20,65, selanjutnya disesuaikan dengan tabel t pada taraf signifikan 5% dengan dk = (36 + 36)  2 = 70 df = 1,66. Karena thitung yang diperoleh lebih besar dari ttabel yaitu 20,65> 1,66 maka hipotesis nihil (H0) ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif  (Ha) diterima. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa model SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visualization, Intellectualy) berbantuan media Flashcard lebih efektif digunakan terhadap kemampuan menulis laporan hasil observasi siswa kelas X MAN Kabanjahe Tahun Pembelajaran 2019/2020. Kata kunci: Kemampuan Menulis, Laporan Hasil Observasi, SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visualization, Intellectualy), Flashcard
The Writing of the History of Science from the Notion of Scientific Field
Authors: Gurgel Ivã , Watanabe Graciella
Published: July 2020

Does science depend on its historical context? Does understanding science as a social construction demand us to abandon rationalist perspectives of knowledge? Based on these issues, this article aims to discuss epistemological questions concerning the problem of the historicity of sciences. In first part, we analyze how different philosophical systems conceptualize this problem and point out to tensions that emerge when one tries to reconcile a rationalist with a historicist perspective of knowledge. Then, we discuss the sociological epistemology of Pierre Bourdieu arguing that the field autonomy is a key concept to understand what the author denominates the “social conditions of the progress of reason”. Finally, we present criteria to delimit the most relevant contexts in a case study on the history of science.
The Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence as a Case Study for the Historiography of Physics
Authors: Waldschlagel Matt
Published: July 2020

This paper examines an important episode in the history of early modern physics – the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence of 1715-16, an exchange that occurred at the intersection of physics, metaphysics and theology – before turning to questions of interpretation in the historiography of physics. Samuel Clarke, a disciple of Isaac Newton, engaged in a dispute over Newton’s commitment to absolute space and absolute time with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who criticized Newton’s views and advanced a rival account. I clarify the positions at stake in the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence, define a variety of terms – absolute space, absolute time, substantivalism, and relationalism – endogenous to the exchange, and reconstruct key elements in the philosophical dimension of the dispute. I then use the Leibniz-Clarke exchange as a springboard from which to examine interpretive considerations in the historiography of physics. I argue that the history of physics can benefit from reassessing its historiographical commitments by borrowing or appropriating some of the intellectual resources used by philosophers working in the history of philosophy. This historiographical reassessment, I contend, will not only shed new light on the Leibniz-Clarke exchange but may also reinvigorate the history of physics.
Boltzmann and the Heuristics of Representation in Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Laranjeiras Cássio , Lucena Jojomar , Chiappin José
Published: July 2020

Boltzmann’s work in physics has been studied almost always opposing a strictly mechanical approach of the 2nd law of thermodynamics – attributed to his first works in kinetic – molecular gas theory (1866-1871) – to a probabilistic approach, built and developed in his later works (1872-1884). The analysis of the use of these different approaches covers a spectrum of positions ranging from the recognition of an intrinsic incoherence to Boltzmann’s thinking, go through a radical change in the development of his work, until the adoption of pluralistic strategies as justifications for their methodological options. The purpose of this paper is to explore Boltzmann’s research program from the view of what we characterize as heuristics of representation, highlighting the tools used he used for the solution of problems related to thermal phenomena. We will argue that what in the standard historiographical analysis is understood as a radical turn in Boltzmann’s work – probabilistic “turn point”, that is, the use of an overtly statistical terminology (combinatorial formalism, 1877) instead of a kinetic language (kinetic formalism, 1872) in the analysis of evolution toward the thermal equilibrium (Maxwell’s distribution) – could be better understood as a change of representation within the same conceptual framework.
Wittgenstein
Authors: Simões Eduardo
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this article is to fill an interpretive gap in L. Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus in what has been overlooked by most scholars of the Austrian philosopher. It is the consideration of the possible influences that he would have suffered from the time of Mechanical Engineering studies and that reflected directly in his philosophy, especially those arising from the field of Physics. Due to the extensive restrictions that involve a scientific article, it will not be possible to present here what we believe to be the influences of L. Boltzmann’s thought on the Wittgenstein Tractatus – which will remain for future work. However, we present the influences of H. Hertz’s The Principles of Mechanics on at least three fundamental themes of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus: on the ontological formalism of Tractarian objects, on the picture theory of language and on the conception of science of that work. It is expected that such clarifications will serve a new and important understanding of this seminal work of the 20th century, this time from the perspective of the relationship between Philosophy and Physics in Wittgenstein.