bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PPARα Regulates Endothelial Progenitor Cell Maturation and Myeloid Lineage Differentiation Through a NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Mechanism in Mice
Authors: Vergori Luisa , Lauret Emilie , Gaceb Abderahim , Beauvillain Céline , Andriantsitohaina Ramaroson , Martinez M. Carmen
Published: December 2014

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) is a key modulator of lipid metabolism. Here, we propose that PPARα regulates the maturation and function of bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells. Although PPARα deletion increased the number of BM-resident cells and the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and monocytic progenitor cells, it impaired re-endothelialization of injured carotid artery that was associated with reduced circulating EPCs. Also, PPARα deletion diminished the in vivo proangiogenic effect of PPARα agonist without affecting EPC differentiation markers. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment increased the population of monocytic progenitor cells as well as secretome of BM-derived cells in PPARα wild-type but not in knockout mice. In addition, PPARα-null mice displayed reduced lymphocytes and increased monocytes and neutrophils in the blood. Furthermore, PPARα-null mice exhibited increments in the number of total cells (as well as of phenotypically distinct subpopulations of lymph node cells) but also a significant alteration in the number of various subpopulations of splenocytes and thymocytes. Finally, PPARα negatively regulated reactive oxygen species derived by NADPH oxidase in BM-resident progenitor cells. Taken together, our data provide evidence that PPARα is a critical regulator of recruitment, homing, and maturation of BM-derived progenitor cells. Stem Cells  2015;33:1292–1303
Seeing Complex System through Different Lenses: Impact of Decomposition Perspective on System Architecture Analysis
Authors: Suh Eun Suk , Chiriac Noemi , Hölttä‐Otto Katja
Published: December 2014

Creating a representation of the base system architecture is one of the first and most critical steps for system development. Typically, the system architect would start by decomposing the existing or proposed system into smaller subsystems or modules. It is widely recognized that at the overall systems level a system can be viewed from different viewpoints. However, unlike often assumed, also when focusing on a single view, such as a systems view, the system decomposition can be done in many alternative ways thus resulting in a different base architecture every time. Depending on the system architect's perspective, representation of system can vary widely, having a profound impact on subsequent system architecture development. In this paper, quantitative analysis of system architecture representation, using a design structure matrix (DSM), and its effect on system modularity is presented. The analysis reveals that the results of the system analysis, namely modularity, are different for the same system, depending on the system architect's perspective. This work highlights the need for more structured approaches to system decomposition and system analysis based on that decomposition.
Evaluation of Rhodamine B as a biomarker for assessing bait acceptance in wild pigs
Authors: Beasley James , Webster Sarah C. , Rhodes Olin E. , Cunningham Fred L.
Published: December 2014

Worldwide, there is growing interest in the use of pharmaceutical baits to control populations of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). In this study we evaluated the utility of Rhodamine B (RB), a chemical marker commonly used in wildlife research and management, as a potential biomarker for quantifying bait uptake in wild pigs. Thirty wild pigs were live‐trapped, transported to a captive facility on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site located in South Carolina, USA, during autumn 2013, and administered RB orally at a dosage of 30 mg/kg. Eight vibrissae and guard hairs were collected pre‐ and post‐RB exposure (7 or 14 days) and evaluated for the presence of RB using fluorescence microscopy. No evidence of RB marking was observed in any samples collected pre‐RB administration. In contrast, we observed fluorescent marking post‐RB exposure that was indicative of the presence of RB for all individuals, with 98% of vibrissae and 100% of guard hairs exhibiting RB marks. The uniform detection of RB among individuals and consistent manifestation of marks in both guard hair and vibrissae, samples that easily can be collected and stored by untrained field personnel from live or deceased pigs, suggests that RB is an effective biomarker for use in large‐scale management programs to control wild pigs. In particular, our results, combined with previous studies evaluating uptake of RB in other species, suggest that RB can be used to develop baiting programs to deliver pharmaceuticals to free‐ranging wild pigs, as well as evaluate the potential impacts of pig baits on non‐target species. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Quantifying moonlight and wind effects on flighted waterfowl capture success during night‐lighting
Authors: Buchanan Tore , Brook Rodney W. , Purvis Matthew P. , Davies J. Chris
Published: December 2014

Night‐lighting is a common technique used to capture waterfowl, upland birds, and waterbirds. The method involves using bright artificial light and a steady loud noise to startle and confuse birds, allowing close approach and capture by hand or with a long‐handled dip‐net. Many researchers using this technique have noticed that moon phase (or relative brightness) and weather conditions can affect capture rates. Using 16 years (1996–2011) of night‐lighting capture data collected during the Ontario Waterfowl Airboat Banding Program, Canada, the effects of moon phase and wind speed on capture rates for flighted waterfowl were quantified. Increasing moon brightness had a negative effect on capture rates for all species analyzed (mallard [Anas platyrhynchos], wood duck [Aix sponsa], blue‐winged teal [Anas discors], green‐winged teal [Anas crecca], ring‐necked duck [Aythya collaris], hooded merganser [Lophodytes cucullatus], and American black duck [Anas rubripes]), with an increasing rate of decline in capture rates when the moon was >75% full (i.e., a bright night). Attempting waterfowl capture when the moon was >75% full led to 2‐fold cost increase per bird captured over the average cost per bird captured. Increasing wind speed was positively correlated with capture rate for some species, but had no significant effect on capture rate for most species analyzed. Night‐lighting capture of flighted waterfowl should be planned primarily during dark to moderately dark nights to maximize capture efficiency and reduce costs. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Closed reduction and immobilization of displaced distal radial fractures. Method of choice for the treatment of children?
Authors: Wendling-Keim D. S. , Wieser B. , Dietz H.-G.
Published: December 2014

Purpose

The therapy of distal radial fractures in children is expected to be as non-invasive as possible but also needs to deliver the definite care for gaining optimal reduction and stabilizing the fracture. Therefore, closed reduction and immobilization is competing with routine Kirschner wire fixation. The aim of our study was to investigate if closed reduction and immobilization without osteosynthesis can ensure stabilization of the fracture.

Methods

We chose a retrospective study design and analyzed 393 displaced distal radial fractures in children from 1 to 18 years with open epiphyseal plates studying medical files and X-rays. The Pearson’s χ
2 test was applied. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. Statistical significance was set at an alpha level of P = 0.05.

Results

Of these studied fractures 263 cases were treated with closed reduction and immobilization. Only 38 of these needed secondary interventions, 28 of these underwent reduction after redisplacement and ten patients received secondary Kirschner wire fixation. The last follow-up examination after 4–6 weeks revealed that 96.4 % of fractures initially treated with closed reduction and immobilization were measured within the limits of remodeling. 104 of the studied fractures were treated with cast immobilization alone when displacement was expected to correct due to remodeling. Here 22.1 % of patients needed secondary reduction. Furthermore, primary Kirschner wire fixation was performed in only 25 children with unstable fractures and only one received further treatment. Interestingly, operative reports of primary closed reduction revealed that repeated maneuvers of reduction as well as residual displacement are risk factors for redisplacement.

Conclusion

For the treatment of displaced distal radial fractures in children closed reduction and immobilization can be considered the method of choice. However, for cases with repeated reduction maneuvers or residual displacement we recommend primary Kirschner wire fixation to avoid redisplacement.

Level of evidence

Retrospective comparative study, Level III
Analytical Solutions for Tunnels of Elliptical Cross-Section in Rheological Rock Accounting for Sequential Excavation
Authors: Wang H. N. , Utili S. , Jiang M. J. , He P.
Published: December 2014

Time dependency in tunnel excavation is mainly due to the rheological properties of rock and sequential excavation. In this paper, analytical solutions for deeply buried tunnels with elliptical cross-section excavated in linear viscoelastic media are derived accounting for the process of sequential excavation. For this purpose, an extension of the principle of correspondence to solid media with time varying boundaries is formulated for the first time. An initial anisotropic stress field is assumed. To simulate realistically the process of tunnel excavation, solutions are developed for a time-dependent excavation process with the major and minor axes of the elliptical tunnel changing from zero until a final value according to time-dependent functions specified by the designers. In the paper, analytical expressions in integral form are obtained assuming the incompressible generalized Kelvin viscoelastic model for the rheology of the rock mass, with Maxwell and Kelvin models solved as particular cases. An extensive parametric analysis is then performed to investigate the effects of various excavation methods and excavation rates. Also the distribution of displacements and stresses in space at different times is illustrated. Several dimensionless charts for ease of use of practitioners are provided.
MicroRNA‐134 suppresses endometrial cancer stem cells by targeting POGLUT1 and Notch pathway proteins
Authors: Gao Yongtao , Liu Te , Huang Yongyi
Published: December 2014

We aimed to ascertain the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating human endometrial cancer stem cells (HuECSCs). The expression level of miRNA‐134 (miR‐134), a member of the DLK1‐DIO3 genomic imprinted miRNA cluster, differed significantly between HuECSCs and human endometrial cancer cells (HuECCs). miR‐134 inhibited HuECSCs proliferation and migration by targeting protein O‐glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) expression. Exogenous miR‐134 overexpression downregulated POGLUT1 and Notch pathway proteins in HuECSCs in vitro. miR‐134 overexpression affected the G2/M phase of HuECSCs and suppressed the growth of xenograft tumours formed. Thus, endogenous miR‐134 regulation in HuECSCs may suppress tumourigenesis in human endometrial carcinoma.
Energy dispersion in turbulent jets. Part 1. Direct simulation of steady and unsteady jets
Authors: Craske John , van Reeuwijk Maarten
Published: December 2014

We study the physics of unsteady turbulent jets using direct numerical simulation (DNS) by introducing an instantaneous step change (both up and down) in the source momentum flux. Our focus is on the propagation speed and rate of spread of the resulting front. We show that accurate prediction of the propagation speed requires information about the energy flux in addition to the momentum flux in the jet. Our observations suggest that the evolution of a front in a jet is a self-similar process that accords with the classical dispersive scaling$z\sim \sqrt{t}$. In the analysis of the problem we demonstrate that the use of a momentum–energy framework of the kind used by Priestley & Ball (Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 81, 1955, pp. 144–157) has several advantages over the classical mass–momentum formulation. In this regard we generalise the approach of Kaminskiet al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 526, 2005, pp. 361–376) to unsteady problems, neglecting only viscous effects and relatively small boundary terms in the governing equations. Our results show that dispersion originating from the radial dependence of longitudinal velocity plays a fundamental role in longitudinal transport. Indeed, one is able to find dispersion in the steady state, although it has received little attention because its effects can then be absorbed into the entrainment coefficient. Specifically, we identify two types of dispersion. Type I dispersion exists in a steady state and determines the rate at which energy is transported relative to the rate at which momentum is transported. In unsteady jets type I dispersion is responsible for the separation of characteristic curves and thus the hyperbolic, rather than parabolic, nature of the governing equations, in the absence of longitudinal mixing. Type II dispersion is equivalent to Taylor dispersion and results in the longitudinal mixing of the front. This mixing is achieved by a deformation of the self-similar profiles that one finds in steady jets. Using a comparison with the local eddy viscosity, and by examining dimensionless fluxes in the vicinity of the front, we show that type II dispersion provides a dominant source of longitudinal mixing.
Whose Supremacy? King, Parliament and the Church 1530–1640
Authors: Russell Conrad
Published: December 2014

In October 1993, I had to decide whether it was proper for me, as an unbeliever, to go to Parliament to vote in favour of a Church of England measure. Was it proper that laymen, not members of the church, not involved in the decisions taken, should be allowed to sit in Parliament to decide what the law of the church should be? After some discussion, I was persuaded it was proper, and cast my vote accordingly. In that decision, I recognized the triumph of one version of the Royal Supremacy over another. It is the triumph of Christopher St. German over Bishop Stephen Gardiner, of Sir Francis Knollys over Queen Elizabeth I, of Chief Justice Coke over Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, and of John Pym over Archbishop Laud. That triumph took a century to arrive after Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy, and, like many other triumphs, it threw out a promising baby with its mess of popish bath-water.
AMERICAN MASTER NARRATIVES AND THE PROBLEM OF INDIAN CITIZENSHIP IN THE GILDED AGE AND PROGRESSIVE ERA
Authors: Deloria Philip J.
Published: December 2014

American Indian people fit poorly into the sweeping stories most commonly told about American history. Puritan-inspired stories of national origins and Turnerian frontier narratives cast Indians as outsiders whose role was to be dispossessed and then disappear. More recent counter-narratives of conquest and of redemptive struggles for citizenship allow Native actors important and autonomous roles, but are also premised on a teleology of assimilation and civil rights that flattens the complexity of Indian uses of U.S. citizenship rights. The history of the Society of American Indians, founded in 1911, shows how the paradox of Indian citizenship is central to stories about the broader sweep of U.S. historical practice.
ERIC FONER'S “RECONSTRUCTION” AT TWENTY-FIVE
Authors: Foner Eric
Published: December 2014

What follows is a written reproduction of a forum held at the annual meeting of the Organization of American Historians in San Francisco in April 2013. The forum commemorated the twenty-fifth anniversary of the publication of Eric Foner'sReconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. Kate Masur (Northwestern University) organized and introduced the discussion, and the commentators in order of speaking were the following:

•

Heather Andrea Williams, The University of Pennsylvania

•

Gregory P. Downs, City College of New York and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York

•

Thavolia Glymph, Duke University

•

Steven Hahn, The University of Pennsylvania

•

Eric Foner, Columbia University

The written version on the following pages largely preserves the feel and tone of the original oral presentations by the contributors. However, given the opportunity for reflection inherent in the published word, the authors and editors have made some small changes to enhance readability.
Consumption of sucrose, but not high fructose corn syrup, leads to increased adiposity and dyslipidaemia in the pregnant and lactating rat
Authors: Toop C. R. , Muhlhausler B. S. , O’Dea K. , Gentili S.
Published: December 2014

Excess consumption of added sugars, including sucrose and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55), have been implicated in the global epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate and compare the impact of maternal consumption of sucrose or HFCS-55 during pregnancy and lactation on the metabolic health of the dam and her offspring at birth. Female Albino Wistar rats were given access to chow and water, in addition to a sucrose or HFCS-55 beverage (10% w/v) before, and during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal glucose tolerance was determined throughout the study, and a postmortem was conducted on dams following lactation, and on offspring within 24 h of birth. Sucrose and HFCS-55 consumption resulted in increased total energy intake compared with controls, however the increase from sucrose consumption was accompanied by a compensatory decrease in chow consumption. There was no effect of sucrose or HFCS-55 consumption on body weight, however sucrose consumption resulted in increased adiposity and elevated total plasma cholesterol in the dam, while HFCS-55 consumption resulted in increased plasma insulin and decreased plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Maternal HFCS-55 consumption was associated with decreased relative liver weight and plasma NEFA in the offspring at birth. There was no effect of either treatment on pup weight at birth. These findings suggest that both sucrose and HFCS-55 consumption during pregnancy and lactation have the potential to impact negatively on maternal metabolic health, which may have adverse consequences for the long-term health of the offspring.
Measuring attachment and parental bonding in psychosis and its clinical implications
Authors: Mathews S. , Onwumere J. , Bissoli S. , Ruggeri M. , Kuipers E. , Valmaggia L.
Published: December 2014

Background.

Attachment theory proposes that psychological functioning and affect regulations are influenced by the attachment we form with others. Early relationships with parents or caregivers lay the foundations for attachment styles. These styles are proposed to influence how we relate to others during our life can be modified by the relationships and events we experience in our lifespan. A secure attachment style is associated with a capacity to manage distress, comfort with autonomy and the ability to form relationships with others, whereas insecure attachment can lead to dysfunctional relationships, emotional and behaviour avoidance. Attachment theory provides a useful framework to inform our understanding of relationship difficulties in people with psychosis. This paper aims to complement recent systematic reviews by providing an overview of attachment theory, its application to psychosis, including an understanding of measurement issues and the clinical implications offered.

Method.

A narrative review was completed of the measures of attachment and parental bonding in psychosis. Its clinical implications are also discussed. The paper also explores the link between insecure attachment styles and illness course, social functioning and symptomatology. The following questions are addressed: What are the key attachment measures that have been used within the attachment and psychosis literature? What are the results of studies that have measured attachment or parental bonding in psychosis and what clinical implications can we derive from it? What are some of the key questions for future research from these findings in relation to the onset of psychosis research field?

Results.

The most commonly used measures of attachment in psychosis research are reviewed. Self-report questionnaires and semi-structured interviews have mainly been used to examine attachment styles in adult samples and in recent years comprise a measure specifically developed for a psychosis group. The review suggests that insecure attachment styles are common in psychosis samples. Key relationships were observed between insecure, avoidant and anxious attachment styles and psychosis development, expression and long-term outcome.

Conclusions.

Attachment theory can provide a useful framework to facilitate our understanding of interpersonal difficulties in psychosis that may predate its onset and impact on observed variability in outcomes, including treatment engagement. Greater attention should be given to the assessment of attachment needs and to the development of interventions that seek to compensate for these difficulties. However, further investigations are required on specifying the exact mechanisms by which specific attachment styles impact on the development of psychosis and its course.
How is Time Perspective Related to Perceptions of Self and of Interpersonal Relationships?
Authors: Akirmak Umit
Published: December 2014

Previous research has revealed a positive association between balanced time perspective (BTP) and subjective well-being (Boniwell & Zimbardo, 2004), however mechanisms underlying BTP are yet to be determined. The goal of the present study was to examine the contributions of personality and quality of interpersonal relationships in the development of BTP. Additionally, the correlations between these measures and time perspective dimensions were evaluated as an attempt to provide further psychometric properties of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) in a Turkish sample. 178 undergraduates filled out a survey that included the ZTPI and measures that assessed personality characteristics, and quality of parent, peer, and adult relationships. Results showed that deviation from BTP was positively associated with romantic anxiety (r= .41,p< .001), romantic avoidance (r= .33,p< .001), and neuroticism (r= .49,p< .001) but negatively associated with self-esteem (r= –.50,p< .001) and security of the mother (r= –.38,p< .001), father (r= –.37,p< .001) and peer (r= –.27,p< .001) attachment. When personality and attachment measures were employed in a regression analysis, father attachment, romantic anxiety, self-esteem, and neuroticism were found to be significant predictors of the deviation from BTP scores (adjustedR2= .39,f2= .75). Finally, the inter-correlations of the ZTPI dimensions and their correlations with the personality and attachment measures provided additional support for the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the ZTPI. These findings imply that positive perceptions of self and of interpersonal relationships are crucial in the development of BTP.
Multiple-Choice Tests: Polytomous IRT Models Misestimate Item Information
Authors: García-Pérez Miguel A.
Published: December 2014

Likert-type items and polytomous models are preferred over yes–no items and dichotomous models for the measurement of attitudes, because a broader range of response categories provides superior item and test information functions. Yet, for ability assessment with multiple-choice tests, the dichotomous three-parameter logistic model (3PLM) is often chosen. Because multiple-choice responses are polytomous before they are categorized as correct or incorrect, a polytomous characterization might render more efficient tests. Early studies suggested that the nominal response model (NRM) is advantageous in this respect. We investigate the reasons for those results and the outcomes of a polytomous characterization based on the multiple-choice model (MCM). An empirical data set is used to compare polytomous (NRM and MCM) and dichotomous (3PLM) characterizations of a test. The results revealed superior item and test information functions from polytomous models. Yet, close inspection suggests that these outcomes are artifactual and two simulation studies confirmed this point. These studies revealed a structural inadequacy of the NRM for multiple-choice items and that the MCM characterization outperforms the 3PLM characterization only when distractor endorsement frequencies vary non-monotonically with ability, although this feature is rarely observed in empirical data sets.
Work-Related Smartphone Use and Well-Being in the Evening
Authors: Ohly Sandra , Latour Alessa
Published: December 2014

Recent research has revealed that use of smartphones for work in the evening is associated with lower well-being. In this study, based on self-determination theory, we examined the role of autonomous and controlled motivation for well-being in the evening. Hierarchical regression analyses using data from 1,714 working individuals revealed that work-related smartphone usage in the evening was positively related to psychological detachment, but unrelated to recovery and negative affect, and negatively related to positive affect. Autonomous motivation for smartphone usage in the evening was positively related to recovery, psychological detachment, and positive affect. Controlled motivation was significantly related to positive and negative affect in the expected direction. These results indicate that the motivation behind individuals’ smartphone use in the evening matters for their well-being.
Greater temporal changes of sediment microbial community than its waterborne counterpart in Tengchong hot springs, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Wang Shang , Dong Hailiang , Hou Weiguo , Jiang Hongchen , Huang Qiuyuan , Briggs Brandon R. , Huang Liuqin
Published: December 2014

Temporal variation in geochemistry can cause changes in microbial community structure and diversity. Here we studied temporal changes of microbial communities in Tengchong hot springs of Yunnan Province, China in response to geochemical variations by using microbial and geochemical data collected in January, June and August of 2011. Greater temporal variations were observed in individual taxa than at the whole community structure level. Water and sediment communities exhibited different temporal variation patterns. Water communities were largely stable across three sampling times and dominated by similar microbial lineages:Hydrogenobaculumin moderate-temperature acidic springs,Sulfolobusin high-temperature acidic springs andHydrogenobacterin high-temperature circumneutral to alkaline springs. Sediment communities were more diverse and responsive to changing physicochemical conditions. Most of the sediment communities in January and June were similar to those in waters. However, the August sediment community was more diverse and contained more anaerobic heterotrophs than the January and June:DesulfurellaandAcidicaldusin moderate-temperature acidic springs,IgnisphaeraandDesulfurococcusin high-temperature acidic springs, the candidate division OP1 andFervidobacteriumin alkaline springs andThermusand GAL35 in neutral springs. Temporal variations in physicochemical parameters including temperature, pH and dissolved organic carbon may have triggered the observed microbial community shifts.
Modulation properties of factors released by bone marrow stromal cells on activated microglia: an in vitro study
Authors: Cizkova Dasa , Devaux Stéphanie , Le Marrec-Croq Françoise , Franck Julien , Slovinska Lucia , Blasko Juraj , Rosocha Jan , Spakova Timea , Lefebvre Christophe , Fournier Isabelle , Salzet Michel
Published: December 2014

In the present paper we develop a new non-cell based (cell-free) therapeutic approach applied to BV2 microglial cells and spinal cord derived primary microglia (PM) using conditioned media from rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs-CM). First we collected conditioned media (CM) from either naive or injured rat spinal cord tissue (SCI-CM, inflammatory stimulation agent) and from rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs-CM, therapeutic immunomodulation agent). They were both subsequently checked for the presence of chemokines and growth, neurotrophic and neural migration factors using proteomics analysis. The data clearly showed that rat BMSCs-CM contain in vitro growth factors, neural migration factors, osteogenic factors, differentiating factors and immunomodulators, whereas SCI-CM contain chemokines, chemoattractant factors and neurotrophic factors. Afterwards we determined whether the BMSCs-CM affect chemotactic activity, NO production, morphological and pro-apoptotic changes of either BV2 or PM cells once activated with SCI-CM. Our results confirm the anti-migratory and NO-inhibitory effects of BMSCs-CM on SCI-CM-activated microglia with higher impact on primary microglia. The cytotoxic effect of BMSCs-CM occurred only on SCI-CM-stimulated BV2 cells and PM, not on naive BV2 cells, nor on PM. Taken together, the molecular cocktail found in BMSCs-CM is favorable for immunomodulatory properties.
An l-dopa electrochemical sensor based on a graphene doped molecularly imprinted chitosan film
Authors: Lin Lu , Lian Hui-Ting , Sun Xiang-Ying , Yu Ya-Ming , Liu Bin
Published: December 2014

Schematic illustration of the GR-MIP sensor fabrication using an electrodeposition technique, which exhibited good recognition of l-dopa.
Controlled synthesis of high molecular weight poly(3-hexylthiophene)s via Kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation with Ni(IPr)(acac)2 as the catalyst
Authors: Shi Xincui , Sui Aiguo , Wang Yongxia , Li Yuesheng , Geng Yanhou , Wang Fosong
Published: December 2014

Ni(IPr)(acac)2 is a great catalyst for the controlled synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene)s with Mns of 9.90–350 kg mol−1via Kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation.
Aerobic C–N bond activation: a simple strategy to construct pyridines and quinolines
Authors: Wu Kun , Huang Zhiliang , Liu Chao , Zhang Heng , Lei Aiwen
Published: December 2014

An attractive dioxygen induced C–N bond activation of primary alkyl amines was demonstrated toward the synthesis of pyridines and quinolines.
Photocatalytic hydrogenolysis of epoxides using alcohols as reducing agents on TiO2 loaded with Pt nanoparticles
Authors: Hirakawa Hiroaki , Shiraishi Yasuhiro , Sakamoto Hirokatsu , Ichikawa Satoshi , Tanaka Shunsuke , Hirai Takayuki
Published: December 2014

Photoexcitation (λ > 300 nm) of TiO2 loaded with Pt nanoparticles promotes selective hydrogenolysis of epoxides using alcohols as reducing agents.
Cu-Catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of epoxides with organoboron compounds
Authors: Lu Xiao-Yu , Yang Chu-Ting , Liu Jing-Hui , Zhang Zheng-Qi , Lu Xi , Lou Xin , Xiao Bin , Fu Yao
Published: December 2014

Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of epoxides and aziridines with organoboron compounds.
Chiral or achiral: four isomeric Cd(ii) coordination polymers based on phenylenediacrylate ligands
Authors: Sun Qian , Cheng Ai-Ling , Wang Kun , Yi Xiu-Chun , Gao En-Qing
Published: December 2014

The isomeric coordination polymers derived fromp- andm-phenylenediacrylates contain similar homochiral motifs (hydrogen-bonded layers or μ-Ocarboxylatebridged helical chains), but only themligand, with assistance of hydrogen bonds, induces spontaneous resolution to generate 3D homochiral networks.
Li/Ag ratio dependent structure and upconversion photoluminescence of LixAg1−xYb0.99(MoO4)2:0.01Er3+phosphors
Authors: Cheng Fangrui , Xia Zhiguo , Jing Xiping , Wang Ziyuan
Published: December 2014

UC luminescence of LixAg1−xYb0.99(MoO4)2:0.01Er3+is enhanced due to the difference in polarization and deformation of Li+compared to Ag+.
Ruthenium based nanostructures driven by morphological controls as efficient counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Seok Jeesoo , Ryu Ka Yeon , Lee Jin Ah , Jeong Inyoung , Lee Nam-Suk , Baik Jeong Min , Kim Joo Gon , Ko Min Jae , Kim Kyungkon , Kim Myung Hwa
Published: December 2014

We introduce a facile approach to use ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) and ruthenium (Ru) nanostructures as effective counter electrodes instead of using platinum (Pt) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Ligand-modulated interactions between charged monolayer-protected Au144(SR)60gold nanoparticles in physiological saline
Authors: Villarreal Oscar D. , Chen Liao Y. , Whetten Robert L. , Yacaman Miguel J.
Published: December 2014

Na+ions promote aggregation of gold nanoparticles functionalized with negatively charged, short ligands.
Phosphine and phosphine oxide groups in metal–organic frameworks detected by P K-edge XAS
Authors: Morel F. L. , Pin S. , Huthwelker T. , Ranocchiari M. , van Bokhoven J. A.
Published: December 2014

The synthesis of phosphine-functionalized metal–organic frameworks frequently leads to the formation of different phosphorus environment inside the framework. We used P K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy to quantify phosphine and phosphine oxide groups inside two frameworks with MIL-101 topology.
Reducing optical losses in organic solar cells using microlens arrays: theoretical and experimental investigation of microlens dimensions
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Elshobaki Moneim , Gebhardt Ryan , Bergeson Stephen , Noack Max , Park Joong-Mok , Hillier Andrew C. , Ho Kai-Ming , Biswas Rana , Chaudhary Sumit
Published: December 2014

A microlens-array (MLA) diffracts/focuses light in the photovoltaic device on the other side of the substrate; photocurrent increases with the microlens height/pitch ratio.
Hydrophobic effects within the dynamic pH-response of polybasic tertiary amine methacrylate brushes
Authors: Willott Joshua D. , Humphreys Ben A. , Murdoch Timothy J. , Edmondson Steve , Webber Grant B. , Wanless Erica J.
Published: December 2014

Monomer hydrophobicity dominates the kinetics of the pH-response of tertiary amine methacrylate brushes as determined by in situ ellipsometry and QCM-D kinetic and equilibrium measurements.
Preparation of graphene-supported highly dispersed nickel nanoparticles for the improved generation of hydrogen from ball-milled LiBH4
Authors: Xu Juan , Li Yang , Cao Jianyu , Meng Rongrong , Wang Wenchang , Chen Zhidong
Published: December 2014

Highly-dispersed Ni/G catalysts were synthesized via a facile hydrogen thermal reduction method and utilized to enhance the de-/rehydrogenation properties of LiBH4.
One-pot triangular chemoenzymatic cascades for the syntheses of chiral alkaloids from dopamine
Authors: Lichman B. R. , Lamming E. D. , Pesnot T. , Smith J. M. , Hailes H. C. , Ward J. M.
Published: December 2014

One-pot, one-substrate, triangular chemoenzymatic cascades featuring transaminase (TAm) and norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) enables the formation of (S)-benzylisoquinoline and (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids.
Oxidative DNA cleavage promoted by two phenolate-bridged binuclear copper(ii) complexes
Authors: Chen Zhanfen , Zhang Jian , Zhang Shuping
Published: December 2014

Both the binuclear copper complexes 1 and 2 could efficiently cleave the supercoiled pUC19 plasmid DNA into its nicked and linear forms in the presence of excessive ascorbic acid (Vc) under nearly physiological conditions. The DNA binding ability and the DNA cleavage efficacy of 1 are superior to 2.
Incidence of the melting-degradation process of vitamin C on the determination of the phase diagram with acetaminophen enhanced by high performance liquid chromatography tools
Authors: Corvis Yohann , Menet Marie-Claude , Espeau Philippe
Published: December 2014

The exact solid–liquid equilibrium between ascorbic acid and acetaminophen was established combining high performance liquid chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry.
Metal-free C–H amination of unactivated hydrocarbons with sulfonylimino-λ3-bromanes generated in situ from (diacetoxybromo)benzene
Authors: Miyamoto Kazunori , Ota Taiga , Hoque Md. Mahbubul , Ochiai Masahito
Published: December 2014

A simple method for direct metal-free C–H amination of unactivated hydrocarbons using easy-handling diacetoxy-λ3-bromane and triflylamide or sulfamate esters was developed.
ε-Methacryloyl-l-lysine based polypeptides and their thiol–ene click functionalization
Authors: Xu Qinghua , He Chaoliang , Xiao Chunsheng , Yu Shuangjiang , Chen Xuesi
Published: December 2014

l-Lysine-based polypeptides containing methacryloyl pendants were synthesized, which can be facilely functionalized with various functional molecules through a “thiol–ene” reaction.
Non-ionic water-soluble “clickable” α-helical polypeptides: synthesis, characterization and side chain modification
Authors: Cao Jinbao , Hu Ping , Lu Lu , Chan Brandon A. , Luo Bing-Hao , Zhang Donghui
Published: December 2014

Non-ionic water-soluble helical polypeptides bearing reactive side chains can be efficiently modified with hydrophobic or hydrophilic moieties to produce water-soluble conjugates.
Graphene oxide coated quartz sand as a high performance adsorption material in the application of water treatment
Authors: Hou Wenjun , Zhang Yimei , Liu Tong , Lu Hongwei , He Li
Published: December 2014

GO firmly planted on the surface of quartz sand, will not fall off and cause secondary pollution. A series of experiments show that the GO coated sand (GOS) granules have a strong adsorption performance for organic matter and heavy metal ions.
Mesoporous silica-giant particle with slit pore arrangement as an adsorbent for heavy metal oxyanions from aqueous medium
Authors: Ravi Seenu , Roshan Roshith , Tharun Jose , Park Dae-Won , Chun Ho-Hwan , Park Hyun , Selvaraj Manickam
Published: December 2014

A newly synthesized giant mesoporous silica particle has been used for arsenate and chromate adsorption studies.
Development of polyacrylamide chromium oxide as a new sorbent for solid phase extraction of As(iii) from food and environmental water samples
Authors: Rahman Nafisur , Haseen Uzma
Published: December 2014

PACO was developed as an efficient adsorbent for preconcentration and trace determination of As(iii) with a detection limit of 0.45 μg L−1.
Toward understanding the structure–catalyst activity relationship of new indium MOFs as catalysts for solvent-free ketone cyanosilylation
Authors: Aguirre-Díaz Lina María , Iglesias Marta , Snejko Natalia , Gutiérrez-Puebla Enrique , Monge M. Ángeles
Published: December 2014

The evidence of highly reactive behavior of four new recyclable and environmental benign indium metal–organic frameworks, MOFs, as Lewis acid catalysts in the solvent-free cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds.
HPLC-ESI-MS/MS validation and pharmacokinetics of kalopanaxsaponin A in rats
Authors: Qiu Feng , Zhao Xiaoping , Lu Xuran , Wang Manyuan , Gong Muxin
Published: December 2014

A new LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the analysis of kalopanaxsaponin A in rat plasma.
Palladium nanoparticles on β-cyclodextrin functionalised graphene nanosheets: a supramolecular based heterogeneous catalyst for C–C coupling reactions under green reaction conditions
Authors: Putta Chandrababu , Sharavath Vittal , Sarkar Suprabhat , Ghosh Sutapa
Published: December 2014

Palladium nanoparticles on β-cyclodextrin functionalised graphene based supramolecular heterogeneous catalyst are used for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck–Mizoroki coupling reactions under green reaction conditions.
Synergetic effect of sodium polystyrene sulfonate and guanidine hydrochloride on the surface properties of lysozyme solutions
Authors: Milyaeva Olga Yu , Campbell Richard A. , Lin Shi-Yow , Loglio Giuseppe , Miller Reinhard , Tihonov Michail M. , Varga Imre , Volkova Anna V. , Noskov Boris A.
Published: December 2014

A study of the dilational surface viscoelastic properties of mixed solutions of lysozyme and denaturants allows us to characterize the changes of protein tertiary structure in the surface layer upon adsorption at the liquid–gas interface.
Copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of arylamides and β-diketones: new synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles
Authors: Bai Yang , Chen Wen , Chen Ya , Huang Huawen , Xiao Fuhong , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: December 2014

Various 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles were prepared from benzamides and β-diketones using CuBr as the sole catalyst.
Novel hybrid-pyrrole derivatives: their synthesis, antitubercular evaluation and docking studies
Authors: Saha Rikta , Alam Md Mumtaz , Akhter Mymoona
Published: December 2014

Hybridization of the molecular fragments proved to be beneficial as revealed by the biological activity of the synthesized compounds.
Synthesis and characterization of functional eugenol derivative based layered double hydroxide and its use as a nanoflame-retardant in epoxy resin
Authors: Li Cheng , Wan Jintao , Kalali Ehsan Naderi , Fan Hong , Wang De-Yi
Published: December 2014

Aiming to develop a multi-functional flame retardant for epoxy resins, a novel bio-based eugenol derivative (SIEPDP) was synthesized, and was used to modify Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (SIEPDP-LDH). This modified SIEPDP-LDH was used as a novel nanoflame-retardant for bisphenol epoxy resins and compared with unmodified pristine LDH.
A solution-processable host material of 1,3-bis{3-[3-(9-carbazolyl)phenyl]-9-carbazolyl}benzene and its application in organic light-emitting diodes employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Authors: Suzuki Yoshitake , Zhang Qisheng , Adachi Chihaya
Published: December 2014

The stability of solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes employing a thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitter was improved using a host with a high glass transition temperature and high mobility electron transport layers.
Monitoring Progress for Children with Hearing Loss
Authors: Weston Monica , Muñoz Karen F. , Blaiser Kristina
Published: December 2014

Purpose

This study investigated average hours of daily hearing aid use and speech-language outcomes for children age 3 to 6 years of age with hearing loss.

Method

Objective measures of hearing aid use were collected via data logging. Speech and language measures included standardized measures GFTA-2, CELF Preschool-2 and additional item analyses for the word structure subtest CELF Preschool-2 and the GFTA-2.

Results

Hearing aid use was full time for 33% of the children (n=3; M=8.84 hours; Range: 2.9–12.1) at the beginning of the study, and for 78% at the end of the study (n=7; M=9.89 hours; Range 2.6–13.2). All participants demonstrated an improvement in articulation and language standard scores and percentiles however continued to demonstrate areas of weakness in sounds high-frequency in nature.

Conclusions

Through early identification and fitting, children gain access to speech sounds. Both standardized measures and individual language analysis should be used to identify and support children with hearing loss in language and subsequent literacy development.
Using the Common Core State Standards to Guide Therapy in the Schools: Confidently Accepting the Challenge
Authors: Murza Kimberly A. , Malani Melissa D. , Hahs-Vaughn Debbie L.
Published: December 2014

For many school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs), integrating the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) into therapeutic practice may seem like a daunting task. Change, however, can bring substantial opportunities for improvement and growth. This article will discuss the key changes of the CCSS and the feelings of concern of a small sample of SLPs. Implications of this research including suggestions for practitioners and SLP Leaders will be presented.
Boundary conditions for the one-dimensional nonlinear nonstationary Boltzmann’s moment system equations
Authors: Sakabekov Auzhan , Auzhani Yerkanat
Published: December 2014

In this article, we put boundary conditions for arbitrary approximation of the one-dimensional nonlinear nonstationary Boltzmann’s moment system equations. We approximate microscopic Maxwell boundary condition for one-dimensional Boltzmann’s equation. We formulate initial and boundary value problem for six-moment Boltzmann’s system equations with Maxwell-Auzhan boundary conditions.
Energy relaxation of a dissipative quantum oscillator
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Pollak Eli
Published: December 2014

The dissipative harmonic oscillator is studied as a model for vibrational relaxation in a liquid environment. Continuum limit expressions are derived for the time-dependent average energy, average width of the population, and the vibrational population itself. The effect of the magnitude of the solute-solvent interaction, expressed in terms of a friction coefficient, solvent temperature, and initial energy of the oscillator on the relaxation has been studied. These results shed light on the recent femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering probe of the 1570 cm−1 −C=C− stretching mode of trans-Stilbene in the first (S1) excited electronic state. When the oscillator is initially cold with respect to the bath temperature, its average energy and width increase in time. When it is initially hot, the average energy and width decrease with time in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations.
Molecular reordering processes on ice (0001) surfaces from long timescale simulations
Authors: Pedersen Andreas , Wikfeldt Kjartan T. , Karssemeijer Leendertjan , Cuppen Herma , Jónsson Hannes
Published: December 2014

We report results of long timescale adaptive kinetic Monte Carlo simulations aimed at identifying possible molecular reordering processes on both proton-disordered and ordered (Fletcher) basal plane (0001) surfaces of hexagonal ice. The simulations are based on a force field for flexible molecules and span a time interval of up to 50 μs at a temperature of 100 K, which represents a lower bound to the temperature range of earth's atmosphere. Additional calculations using both density functional theory and an ab initio based polarizable potential function are performed to test and refine the force field predictions. Several distinct processes are found to occur readily even at this low temperature, including concerted reorientation (flipping) of neighboring surface molecules, which changes the pattern of dangling H-atoms, and the formation of interstitial defects by the downwards motion of upper-bilayer molecules. On the proton-disordered surface, one major surface roughening process is observed that significantly disrupts the crystalline structure. Despite much longer simulation time, such roughening processes are not observed on the highly ordered Fletcher surface which is energetically more stable because of smaller repulsive interaction between neighboring dangling H-atoms. However, a more localized process takes place on the Fletcher surface involving a surface molecule transiently leaving its lattice site. The flipping process provides a facile pathway of increasing proton-order and stabilizing the surface, supporting a predominantly Fletcher-like ordering of low-temperature ice surfaces. Our simulations also show that eventual proton-disordered patches on the surface may induce significant local reconstructions. Further, a subset of the molecules on the Fletcher surface are susceptible to forming interstitial defects which might provide active sites for various chemical reactions in the atmosphere.