bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Business Strategy: Theory and Methods for Cost-Effectiveness Investment Analysis in Agro-Energy Production
Authors: Prestamburgo Sonia , Prestamburgo Mario
Published: April 2016

Environmental change is currently considered a high-priority matter, both in the scientific community at large and at the institutional level of national and international governing bodies. Actually, an all-out effort seeks to investigate and advance viable solutions to deal with the global emergencies regarding to anthropic climate change; increasing demands for renewable sources of energy, technological innovation and energy-saving systems, ecological and environmental sustainability of natural resources and land. At the core of this worldwide endeavour an increasingly significant role seems destined to the agricultural sector and to agro-energy production systems for the potential benefits in terms of production costs. In fact, the interest in unconventional and low-impact energy sources mandates thorough investigation not only into the advantages, in terms of availability and affordability, but also into the impact on the environment and the quality of the landscape, as well as the aspects regarding the overall measures that need be adopted so as to enable the supply on the market. Given this scenario, the wide-ranging agro-energy question would be incomplete without extensive economic sustainability analyses, serving as operational decision-support tools to measure cost-effectiveness regarding investments in agro-energy production and its use.
Population Structure and Genetic Relationships of Melia Taxa in China Assayed with Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) Markers
Authors: Liao Boyong , Wang Fang , Chen Lijun , Li Pei , Ouyang Kunxi , Pian Ruiqi , Liu Mingqian , Que Qingmin , Zhou Xiangbin , Xi Wenkai , Chen Xiaoyang
Published: April 2016

The uncertainty about whether, in China, the genus Melia (Meliaceae) consists of one species (M. azedarach Linnaeus) or two species (M. azedarach and M. toosendan Siebold & Zuccarini) remains to be clarified. Although the two putative species are morphologically distinguishable, genetic evidence supporting their taxonomic separation is lacking. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of 31 Melia populations across the natural distribution range of the genus in China. We used sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers and obtained 257 clearly defined bands amplified by 20 primers from 461 individuals. The polymorphic loci (P) varied from 35.17% to 76.55%, with an overall mean of 58.24%. Nei’s gene diversity (H) ranged from 0.13 to 0.31, with an overall mean of 0.20. Shannon’s information index (I) ranged from 0.18 to 0.45, with an average of 0.30. The genetic diversity of the total population (Ht) and within populations (Hs) was 0.37 ± 0.01 and 0.20 ± 0.01, respectively. Population differentiation was substantial (Gst = 0.45), and gene flow was low. Of the total variation, 31.41% was explained by differences among putative species, 19.17% among populations within putative species, and 49.42% within populations. Our results support the division of genus Melia into two species, which is consistent with the classification based on the morphological differentiation.
The Effects of Fortification of Legumes and Extrusion on the Protein Digestibility of Wheat Based Snack
Authors: Patil Swapnil , Brennan Margaret , Mason Susan , Brennan Charles
Published: April 2016

Cereal food products are an important part of the human diet with wheat being the most commonly consumed cereal in many parts of the world. Extruded snack products are increasing in consumer interest due to their texture and ease of use. However, wheat based foods are rich in starch and are associated with high glycaemic impact products. Although legume materials are generally rich in fibre and protein and may be of high nutritive value, there is a paucity of research regarding their use in extruded snack food products. The aim of this study was to prepare wheat-based extrudates using four different legume flours: lentil, chickpea, green pea, and yellow pea flour. The effects of adding legumes to wheat-based snacks at different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) during extrusion were investigated in terms of protein digestibility. It was observed that fortification of snacks with legumes caused a slight increase in the protein content by 1%–1.5% w/w, and the extrusion technique increased the protein digestibility by 37%–62% w/v. The product developed by extrusion was found to be low in fat and moisture content.
Sequential Ensembles Tolerant to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Soil Moisture Retrieval Errors
Authors: Lee Ju
Published: April 2016

Due to complicated and undefined systematic errors in satellite observation, data assimilation integrating model states with satellite observations is more complicated than field measurements-based data assimilation at a local scale. In the case of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) soil moisture, the systematic errors arising from uncertainties in roughness conditions are significant and unavoidable, but current satellite bias correction methods do not resolve the problems very well. Thus, apart from the bias correction process of satellite observation, it is important to assess the inherent capability of satellite data assimilation in such sub-optimal but more realistic observational error conditions. To this end, time-evolving sequential ensembles of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is compared with stationary ensemble of the Ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI) scheme that does not evolve the ensembles over time. As the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the surface roughness is more sensitive to the SAR retrievals than measurement errors, it is a scope of this study to monitor how data assimilation alters the effects of roughness on SAR soil moisture retrievals. In results, two data assimilation schemes all provided intermediate values between SAR overestimation, and model underestimation. However, under the same SAR observational error conditions, the sequential ensembles approached a calibrated model showing the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), while the stationary ensemble converged towards the SAR observations exhibiting the highest RMSE. As compared to stationary ensembles, sequential ensembles have a better tolerance to SAR retrieval errors. Such inherent nature of EnKF suggests an operational merit as a satellite data assimilation system, due to the limitation of bias correction methods currently available.
Becoming the Labyrinth: Negotiating Magical Space and Identity in Puella Magi Madoka Magica
Authors: Cleto Sara , Bahl Erin
Published: April 2016

In the magical girl anime series Puella Magi Madoka Magica, middle-school girls receive the power and responsibility to fight witches in exchange for making a wish. The series has connections to many different genres and narrative traditions within the realm of folkloristics. However, the folkloric genre most relevant to the ethos and aesthetics of Madoka is that of the fairy tale. Drawing on Bill Ellis’s concept of “fairy-telling” and scholarship on new media composition, in this paper we seek to investigate labyrinths as acts of embodied composing—not lairs of evil or destruction but rather creative material memory work that negotiates grief and despair. Many of the series’ action sequences unfold in “labyrinths,” the magical spaces controlled by witches. By composing a labyrinth, witches can simultaneously reshape their environment and create a powerful statement about identity through personalized performance in narrative spaces that they control. In particular, we argue that both the frameworks of “fairy tale” and “new media” give us useful analytical resources for beginning to make sense of the intricately complex phenomenon of Madoka’s labyrinths.
Nucleotide Excision Repair and Vitamin D—Relevance for Skin Cancer Therapy
Authors: Pawlowska Elzbieta , Wysokinski Daniel , Blasiak Janusz
Published: April 2016

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is involved in almost all skin cancer cases, but on the other hand, it stimulates the production of pre-vitamin D3, whose active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25VD3), plays important physiological functions on binding with its receptor (vitamin D receptor, VDR). UV-induced DNA damages in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers or (6-4)-pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts are frequently found in skin cancer and its precursors. Therefore, removing these lesions is essential for the prevention of skin cancer. As UV-induced DNA damages are repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER), the interaction of 1,25VD3 with NER components can be important for skin cancer transformation. Several studies show that 1,25VD3 protects DNA against damage induced by UV, but the exact mechanism of this protection is not completely clear. 1,25VD3 was also shown to affect cell cycle regulation and apoptosis in several signaling pathways, so it can be considered as a potential modulator of the cellular DNA damage response, which is crucial for mutagenesis and cancer transformation. 1,25VD3 was shown to affect DNA repair and potentially NER through decreasing nitrosylation of DNA repair enzymes by NO overproduction by UV, but other mechanisms of the interaction between 1,25VD3 and NER machinery also are suggested. Therefore, the array of NER gene functioning could be analyzed and an appropriate amount of 1.25VD3 could be recommended to decrease UV-induced DNA damage important for skin cancer transformation.
Effect of Nano-TiC Dispersed Particles and Electro-Codeposition Parameters on Morphology and Structure of Hybrid Ni/TiC Nanocomposite Layers
Authors: Benea Lidia , Celis Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2016

This research work describes the effect of dispersed titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles into nickel plating bath on Ni/TiC nanostructured composite layers obtained by electro-codeposition. The surface morphology of Ni/TiC nanostructured composite layers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of coatings and the incorporation percentage of TiC nanoparticles into Ni matrix were studied and estimated by using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). X-ray diffractometer (XRD) has been applied in order to investigate the phase structure as well as the corresponding relative texture coefficients of the composite layers. The results show that the concentration of nano-TiC particles added in the nickel electrolyte affects the inclusion percentage of TiC into Ni/TiC nano strucured layers, as well as the corresponding morphology, relative texture coefficients and thickness indicating an increasing tendency with the increasing concentration of nano-TiC concentration. By increasing the amount of TiC nanoparticles in the electrolyte, their incorporation into nickel matrix also increases. The hybrid Ni/nano-TiC composite layers obtained revealed a higher roughness and higher hardness; therefore, these layers are promising superhydrophobic surfaces for special application and could be more resistant to wear than the pure Ni layers.
Existence of Semi Linear Impulsive Neutral Evolution Inclusions with Infinite Delay in Frechet Spaces
Authors: Chalishajar Dimplekumar , Karthikeyan Kulandhivel , Anguraj Annamalai
Published: April 2016

In this paper, sufficient conditions are given to investigate the existence of mild solutions on a semi-infinite interval for first order semi linear impulsive neutral functional differential evolution inclusions with infinite delay using a recently developed nonlinear alternative for contractive multivalued maps in Frechet spaces due to Frigon combined with semigroup theory. The existence result has been proved without assumption of compactness of the semigroup. We introduced a new phase space for impulsive system with infinite delay and claim that the phase space considered by different authors are not correct.
Formation and Transformation Behavior of Sodium Dehydroacetate Hydrates
Authors: Zhang Xia , Xie Chuang , Huang Yaohui , Hou Baohong , Bao Ying , Gong Junbo , Yin Qiuxiang , Rohani Sohrab
Published: April 2016

The effect of various controlling factors on the polymorphic outcome of sodium dehydroacetate crystallization was investigated in this study. Cooling crystallization experiments of sodium dehydroacetate in water were conducted at different concentrations. The results revealed that the rate of supersaturation generation played a key role in the formation of the hydrates. At a high supersaturation generation rate, a new sodium dehydroacetate dihydrate needle form was obtained; on the contrary, a sodium dehydroacetate plate monohydrate was formed at a low supersaturation generation rate. Furthermore, the characterization and transformation behavior of these two hydrated forms were investigated with the combined use of microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS). It was found that the new needle crystals were dihydrated and hollow, and they eventually transformed into sodium dehydroacetate monohydrate. In addition, the mechanism of formation of sodium dehydroacetate hydrates was discussed, and a process growth model of hollow crystals in cooling crystallization was proposed.
The Intestinal Microbiota in Metabolic Disease
Authors: Woting Anni , Blaut Michael
Published: April 2016

Gut bacteria exert beneficial and harmful effects in metabolic diseases as deduced from the comparison of germfree and conventional mice and from fecal transplantation studies. Compositional microbial changes in diseased subjects have been linked to adiposity, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Promotion of an increased expression of intestinal nutrient transporters or a modified lipid and bile acid metabolism by the intestinal microbiota could result in an increased nutrient absorption by the host. The degradation of dietary fiber and the subsequent fermentation of monosaccharides to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) is one of the most controversially discussed mechanisms of how gut bacteria impact host physiology. Fibers reduce the energy density of the diet, and the resulting SCFA promote intestinal gluconeogenesis, incretin formation and subsequently satiety. However, SCFA also deliver energy to the host and support liponeogenesis. Thus far, there is little knowledge on bacterial species that promote or prevent metabolic disease. Clostridium ramosum and Enterococcus cloacae were demonstrated to promote obesity in gnotobiotic mouse models, whereas bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila were associated with favorable phenotypes in conventional mice, especially when oligofructose was fed. How diet modulates the gut microbiota towards a beneficial or harmful composition needs further research. Gnotobiotic animals are a valuable tool to elucidate mechanisms underlying diet–host–microbe interactions.
On the Effect of Nanoparticle Surface Chemistry on the Electrical Characteristics of Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Yeung Celia , Vaughan Alun
Published: April 2016

The effect of nanosilica surface chemistry on the electrical behavior of epoxy-based nanocomposites is described. The nanosilica was reacted with different volumes of (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and the efficacy of the process was demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy and combustion analysis. Nanocomposites containing 2 wt % of nanosilica were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), AC ramp electrical breakdown testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric spectroscopy. SEM examination indicated that, although the nanoparticle dispersion improved somewhat as the degree of surface functionalization increased, all samples nevertheless contained agglomerates. Despite the non-ideal nature of the samples, major improvements in breakdown strength (from 182 ± 5 kV·mm−1 to 268 ± 12 kV·mm−1) were observed in systems formulated from optimally treated nanosilicas. DSC studies of the glass transition revealed no evidence for any modified interphase regions between the nanosilica and the matrix, but interfacial effects were evident in the dielectric spectra. In particular, changes in the magnitude of the real part of the permittivity and variations in the interfacial α′-relaxation suggest that the observed changes in breakdown performance stem from variations in the polar character of the nanosilica surface, which may affect the local density of trapping states and, thereby, charge transport dynamics.
Landslide Mapping in Vegetated Areas Using Change Detection Based on Optical and Polarimetric SAR Data
Authors: Plank Simon , Twele André , Martinis Sandro
Published: April 2016

Mapping of landslides, quickly providing information about the extent of the affected area and type and grade of damage, is crucial to enable fast crisis response, i.e., to support rescue and humanitarian operations. Most synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data-based landslide detection approaches reported in the literature use change detection techniques, requiring very high resolution (VHR) SAR imagery acquired shortly before the landslide event, which is commonly not available. Modern VHR SAR missions, e.g., Radarsat-2, TerraSAR-X, or COSMO-SkyMed, do not systematically cover the entire world, due to limitations in onboard disk space and downlink transmission rates. Here, we present a fast and transferable procedure for mapping of landslides, based on change detection between pre-event optical imagery and the polarimetric entropy derived from post-event VHR polarimetric SAR data. Pre-event information is derived from high resolution optical imagery of Landsat-8 or Sentinel-2, which are freely available and systematically acquired over the entire Earth’s landmass. The landslide mapping is refined by slope information from a digital elevation model generated from bi-static TanDEM-X imagery. The methodology was successfully applied to two landslide events of different characteristics: A rotational slide near Charleston, West Virginia, USA and a mining waste earthflow near Bolshaya Talda, Russia.
Vision without the Image
Authors: Chen Bo , Perona Pietro
Published: April 2016

Novel image sensors transduce the stream of photons directly into asynchronous electrical pulses, rather than forming an image. Classical approaches to vision start from a good quality image and therefore it is tempting to consider image reconstruction as a first step to image analysis. We propose that, instead, one should focus on the task at hand (e.g., detection, tracking or control) and design algorithms that compute the relevant variables (class, position, velocity) directly from the stream of photons. We discuss three examples of such computer vision algorithms and test them on simulated data from photon-counting sensors. Such algorithms work just-in-time, i.e., they complete classification, search and tracking with high accuracy as soon as the information is sufficient, which is typically before there are enough photons to form a high-quality image. We argue that this is particularly useful when the photons are few or expensive, e.g., in astronomy, biological imaging, surveillance and night vision.
GIS-Based Integration of Subjective and Objective Weighting Methods for Regional Landslides Susceptibility Mapping
Authors: Zhou Suhua , Chen Guangqi , Fang Ligang , Nie Yunwen
Published: April 2016

The development of landslide susceptibility maps is of great importance due to rapid urbanization. The purpose of this study is to present a method to integrate the subjective weight with objective weight for regional landslide susceptibility mapping on the geographical information system (GIS) platform. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP), which is subjective, was employed to weight predictive factors’ contribution to landslide occurrence. The frequency ratio (FR) method, which is objective, was used to derive subclasses’ frequency ratio with respect to landslides that indicate the relative importance of a subclass within each predictive factor. A case study was carried out at Tsushima Island, Japan, using a historical inventory of 534 landslides and seven predictive factors: elevation, slope, aspect, terrain roughness index (TRI), lithology, land cover and mean annual precipitation (MAP). The landslide susceptibility index (LSI) was calculated using the weighted linear combination of factors’ weights and subclasses’ weights. The study area was classified into five susceptibility zones according to the LSI. In addition, the produced susceptibility map was compared with maps generated using the conventional FR and AHP method and validated using the relative landslide index (RLI). The validation result showed that the proposed method performed better than the conventional application of the FR method and AHP method. The obtained landslide susceptibility maps could serve as a scientific basis for urban planning and landslide hazard management.
Destination Attributes and Overall Destination Satisfaction in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kwanisai Getrude , Vengesayi Sebastian
Published: April 2016

Tourist satisfaction assessment is important for successful management of tourism destinations. Attribute satisfaction contributes towards overall destination satisfaction; however, there is limited research on this relationship. This study sought to assess the extent to which international
tourists are satisfied with specific destination attributes in Zimbabwe and evaluate the contribution of each attribute towards overall destination satisfaction. A survey was conducted around Zimbabwe's major tourist areas. The study established that international tourists are generally satisfied
with Zimbabwe as a destination. Tourists are most satisfied with attractions and not satisfied with immigration. Accommodation had the greatest contribution towards destination satisfaction while transport and intermediaries did not make any significant contribution. Key among the article's
recommendations is that the destination attributes not satisfying tourists should be addressed as a matter of urgency to improve Zimbabwe's destination image and attractiveness. Also, the destination should plan tourism products considering the level of contribution made by the individual
attributes towards destination satisfaction.
Competition in Tourism Arrivals: A Multidimensional Index of Geographical Structural Similarity
Authors: Crespo Nuno , Simões Nádia Nogueira , Duarte Jose Maria
Published: April 2016

Given the economic importance of the tourism sector, countries actively compete for attracting tourism flows. In a bilateral perspective, an important determinant of the degree of competition is the geographical structure of tourism inflows (i.e., the relative importance of the different
source countries). A higher overlap of these flows indicates greater competition. The present study proposes a methodological approach to quantify this overlap. Taking some indicators traditionally used in international trade analysis as inspiration, we propose a methodology that measures,
for each pair of countries, the degree of similarity between the geographical structures of tourism inflows. The methodology takes a multidimensional concept of structural similarity in order to incorporate relevant dimensions of international tourism flows today.
The Quagmire of Stakeholder Engagement in Tourism Planning: A Case Example from Australia
Authors: Pforr Christof , Brueckner Martin
Published: April 2016

After its first election win in August 2001 since the Northern Territory of Australia (NT) was granted self-government (1978), the incoming NT Labor government released a new tourism plan, the Northern Territory Tourism Strategic Plan—2003–2007 in the following year. Turbulent
events of 2001 that had a significant impact on the tourism industry in the NT and included the collapse of the Australian carrier Ansett Airlines and "September 11" provided the impetus for the new strategy. Purportedly, this plan was designed to direct and guide the NT tourism industry's
future development based on sound research and extensive consultation with key stakeholders. Such a partnership approach was regarded as crucial for the success of future tourism in the Territory. This article specifically focuses on the formulation process of this Tourism Strategic Plan,
exploring in particular the effectiveness of the underlying consultation process. Adopting a microperspective on tourism planning processes with the NT case example we portray a unique case that allows us to highlight not only the complex and dynamic nature of tourism planning during times
of significant change in the Territory's political landscape, but also the often-experienced contradictions between tourism planning rhetoric and practice. Even though we explore a planning process that dates back about a decade, we believe that the findings of the study are relevant and inform
current tourism policy and planning discourses.
Using Thematic Analysis in Tourism Research
Authors: Walters Trudie
Published: April 2016

This research note uses a case study approach to illustrate when and how to apply thematic analysis as a tool to interpret empirical material in tourism research and suggests a variety of research contexts in which its use may be appropriate. The case study demonstrates the value of
thematic analysis in understanding and unpacking a body of rich, descriptive media text (such as magazine articles, social media, and marketing material). This note also establishes that thematic analysis can be successfully used with visual material, taking intertextuality into account to
facilitate a well-balanced interpretation of underlying cultural meanings. A further strength is the ability to produce graphic representations of the analysis, which then provide a suitable structure for discussing the findings. Using research carried out on second-home articles in a New
Zealand magazine from 1936 to 2012 to illustrate the process, a step by step description of how to apply thematic analysis to written and visual text is provided. It also provides a set of criteria to ensure the trustworthiness of the research output, and as such is a valuable guide to carrying
out a rigorous thematic analysis of texts in a variety of tourism research contexts.
MAGNETAR-DRIVEN SHOCK BREAKOUT AND DOUBLE-PEAKED SUPERNOVA LIGHT CURVES
Authors: Kasen Daniel , Metzger Brian D. , Bildsten Lars
Published: April 2016

The light curves of some luminous supernovae are suspected to be powered by the spindown energy of a rapidly rotating magnetar. Here we describe a possible signature of the central engine: a burst of shock breakout emission occurring several days after the supernova explosion. The energy input from the magnetar inflates a high-pressure bubble that drives a shock through the pre-exploded supernova ejecta. If the magnetar is powerful enough, that shock will near the ejecta surface and become radiative. At the time of shock breakout, the ejecta will have expanded to a large radius (

∼

10

14

cm) so that the radiation released is at optical/ultraviolet wavelengths (

T

eff

≈

20,000 K) and lasts for several days. The luminosity and timescale of this magnetar-driven shock breakout are similar to the first peak observed recently in the double-peaked light curve of SN-LSQ14BDQ. However, for a large region of model parameter space, the breakout emission is predicted to be dimmer than the diffusive luminosity from direct magnetar heating. A distinct double-peaked light curve may therefore only be conspicuous if thermal heating from the magnetar is suppressed at early times. We describe how such a delay in heating may naturally result from inefficient dissipation and thermalization of the pulsar wind magnetic energy. Without such suppression, the breakout may only be noticeable as a small bump or kink in the early luminosity or color evolution, or as a small but abrupt rise in the photospheric velocity. A similar breakout signature may accompany other central engines in supernovae, such as a black hole accreting fallback material.
THE DIVERSE ORIGINS OF NEUTRON-CAPTURE ELEMENTS IN THE METAL-POOR STAR HD 94028: POSSIBLE DETECTION OF PRODUCTS OF i-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS*
Authors: Roederer Ian U. , Karakas Amanda I. , Pignatari Marco , Herwig Falk
Published: April 2016

We present a detailed analysis of the composition and nucleosynthetic origins of the heavy elements in the metal-poor ([Fe/H] = −1.62 ± 0.09) star HD 94028. Previous studies revealed that this star is mildly enhanced in elements produced by the slow neutron-capture process (s process; e.g., [Pb/Fe] = +0.79 ± 0.32) and rapid neutron-capture process (r process; e.g., [Eu/Fe] = +0.22 ± 0.12), including unusually large molybdenum ([Mo/Fe] = +0.97 ± 0.16) and ruthenium ([Ru/Fe] = +0.69 ± 0.17) enhancements. However, this star is not enhanced in carbon ([C/Fe] = −0.06 ± 0.19). We analyze an archival near-ultraviolet spectrum of HD 94028, collected using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope, and other archival optical spectra collected from ground-based telescopes. We report abundances or upper limits derived from 64 species of 56 elements. We compare these observations with s-process yields from low-metallicity AGB evolution and nucleosynthesis models. No combination of s- and r-process patterns can adequately reproduce the observed abundances, including the super-solar [As/Ge] ratio (+0.99 ± 0.23) and the enhanced [Mo/Fe] and [Ru/Fe] ratios. We can fit these features when including an additional contribution from the intermediate neutron-capture process (i process), which perhaps operated through the ingestion of H in He-burning convective regions in massive stars, super-AGB stars, or low-mass AGB stars. Currently, only the i process appears capable of consistently producing the super-solar [As/Ge] ratios and ratios among neighboring heavy elements found in HD 94028. Other metal-poor stars also show enhanced [As/Ge] ratios, hinting that operation of the i process may have been common in the early Galaxy.
CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE FROM 9 TO 120 SOLAR MASSES BASED ON NEUTRINO-POWERED EXPLOSIONS
Authors: Sukhbold Tuguldur , Ertl T. , Woosley S. E. , Brown Justin M. , Janka H.-T.
Published: April 2016

Nucleosynthesis, light curves, explosion energies, and remnant masses are calculated for a grid of supernovae (SNe) resulting from massive stars with solar metallicity and masses from 9.0 to 120

M

⊙

. The full evolution is followed using an adaptive reaction network of up to 2000 nuclei. A novel aspect of the survey is the use of a one-dimensional neutrino transport model for the explosion. This explosion model has been calibrated to give the observed energy for SN 1987A, using five standard progenitors, and for the Crab SN using a 9.6

M

⊙

progenitor. As a result of using a calibrated central engine, the final kinetic energy of the SN is variable and sensitive to the structure of each pre-SN star. Many progenitors with extended core structures do not explode, but become black holes (BHs), and the masses of exploding stars do not form a simply connected set. The resulting nucleosynthesis agrees reasonably well with the Sun provided that a reasonable contribution from SNe Ia is also allowed, but with a deficiency of light s-process isotopes. The resulting neutron star initial mass function has a mean gravitational mass near 1.4

M

⊙

. The average BH mass is about 9

M

⊙

if only the helium core implodes, and 14

M

⊙

 if the entire pre-SN star collapses. Only ∼10% of SNe come from stars over 20

M

⊙

, and some of these are Type Ib or Ic. Some useful systematics of Type IIp light curves are explored.
RADIAL TRENDS IN IMF-SENSITIVE ABSORPTION FEATURES IN TWO EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES: EVIDENCE FOR ABUNDANCE-DRIVEN GRADIENTS
Authors: McConnell Nicholas J. , Lu Jessica R. , Mann Andrew W.
Published: April 2016

Samples of early-type galaxies show a correlation between stellar velocity dispersion and the stellar initial mass function (IMF) as inferred from gravity-sensitive absorption lines in the galaxies’ central regions. To search for spatial variations in the IMF, we have observed two early-type galaxies with Keck/LRIS and measured radial gradients in the strengths of absorption features from 4000–5500 Å and 8000–10000 Å. We present spatially resolved measurements of the dwarf-sensitive spectral indices

Na

I

(8190 Å) and Wing-Ford

FeH

(9915 Å), as well as indices for species of H, C2, CN, Mg, Ca,

TiO

, and Fe. Our measurements show a metallicity gradient in both objects, and Mg/Fe consistent with a shallow gradient in α-enhancement, matching widely observed trends for massive early-type galaxies. The

Na

I

index and the CN1 index at 4160 Å exhibit significantly steeper gradients, with a break at

r
∼
0.1

r

eff

(

r
∼
300

pc). Inside this radius,

Na

I

strength increases sharply toward the galaxy center, consistent with a rapid central rise in [Na/Fe]. In contrast, the ratio of the

FeH

to Fe index strength decreases toward the galaxy center. This behavior cannot be reproduced by a steepening IMF inside of

0.1

r

eff

if the IMF is a single power law. While gradients in the mass function above

∼
0.4

M

⊙

may occur, exceptional care is required to disentangle these IMF variations from the extreme variations in individual element abundances near the galaxies’ centers.
NEAR INFRARED DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS TOWARD THE CYGNUS OB2 ASSOCIATION
Authors: Hamano Satoshi , Kobayashi Naoto , Kondo Sohei , Sameshima Hiroaki , Nakanishi Kenshi , Ikeda Yuji , Yasui Chikako , Mizumoto Misaki , Matsunaga Noriyuki , Fukue Kei , Yamamoto Ryo , Izumi Natsuko , Mito Hiroyuki , Nakaoka Tetsuya , Kawanishi Takafumi , Kitano Ayaka , Otsubo Shogo , Kinoshita Masaomi , Kawakita Hideyo
Published: April 2016

We obtained the near-infrared (NIR) high-resolution (R ≡ λ/Δλ ∼ 20,000) spectra of the seven brightest early-type stars in the Cygnus OB2 association for investigating the environmental dependence of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). The WINERED spectrograph mounted on the Araki 1.3 m telescope in Japan was used to collect data. All 20 of the known DIBs within the wavelength coverage of WINERED (0.91 < λ < 1.36 μm) were clearly detected along all lines of sight because of their high flux density in the NIR wavelength range and the large extinction. The equivalent widths (EWs) of DIBs were not correlated with the column densities of C2 molecules, which trace the patchy dense component, suggesting that the NIR DIB carriers are distributed mainly in the diffuse component. On the basis of the correlations among the NIR DIBs both for stars in Cyg OB2 and stars observed previously, λλ10780, 10792, 11797, 12623, and 13175 are found to constitute a “family,” in which the DIBs are correlated well over the wide EW range. In contrast, the EW of λ10504 is found to remain almost constant over the stars in Cyg OB2. The extinction estimated from the average EW of λ10504 (A

V
 ∼ 3.6 mag) roughly corresponds to the lower limit of the extinction distribution of OB stars in Cyg OB2. This suggests that λ10504 is absorbed only by the foreground clouds, implying that the carrier of λ10504 is completely destroyed in Cyg OB2, probably by the strong UV radiation field. The different behaviors of the DIBs may be caused by different properties of the DIB carriers.
L’innovation frugale dans les pays en développement et la nécessité d’une protection intellectuelle appropriée
Authors: Dou Henri , Koné Hamidou
Published: April 2016

L’innovation frugale va devenir un enjeu pour les sociétés actuelles, que ce soit au niveau des pays développés ou des pays en développement. La recherche de nouvelles idées ou produits, l’adaptation de produits anciens à ce nouveau contexte nécessitent une adaptation technologique. Dans un tel contexte, l’analyse de l’information contenue dans les brevets devient une aide indispensable.
L’échec de la certification forestière. Le cas de la certification FSC examiné au travers de la sociologie de la traduction
Authors: Briec Louise , Mandard Matthieu
Published: April 2016

Initiée dans les années 1990, la certification forestière a pour objectif de promouvoir une gestion forestière durable. Malgré les efforts consacrés à sa mise en œuvre, elle ne rencontre cependant pas le succès escompté. En examinant le cas de la certification du Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) au travers de la sociologie de la traduction, l'objectif de cet article est de synthétiser les causes de cet échec et de proposer quelques pistes de réflexion afin de tenter d'y remédier.
Part relative des institutions de microfinance dans l’architecture financière des pays de l’Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine : modèle théorique et évidences empiriques
Authors: Babatoundé Alain Latoundji
Published: April 2016

L’article développe une méthode basée sur les théories de l’agrégation monétaire et des indices pour estimer la part relative et effective des institutions de microfinance (IMF) et du secteur bancaire. La méthode est appliquée aux pays de l’UEMOA sur la période 1993-2008. Les résultats suggèrent une forte progression de la part relative des IMF au Bénin, au Burkina Faso et au Togo, alors qu’elle est modérée dans les autres pays. Stigmatisant l’échec des politiques de libéralisation financière qui visent une unification financière, ces résultats remettent en débat l’importance des IMF dans l’architecture financière des pays de l’UEMOA avec des implications de politique financière certaines.
La courbe en S de l'assurance et ses déviations au Maghreb
Authors: Sadi Nour el Houda , Silem Ahmed
Published: April 2016

La demande d’assurance a suscité de nombreux travaux pour identifier les variables explicatives. La plus importante est le PIB par tête. La courbe logistique de Enz en est la représentation. L’objet de cet article est d’expliquer les déviations de certaines économies par rapport à cette tendance. Une analyse en données de panel, portant sur 74 pays pour la période 1996-2011, est proposée. Les résultats font apparaître que la variable État rentier, négligée dans la littérature, joue un rôle déterminant.
Sortir de l’anonymat en situation révolutionnaire
Authors: Goujon Alexandra , Shukan Ioulia
Published: April 2016

Le mouvement protestataire de l’hiver 2013-2014 en Ukraine, appelé Maïdan en référence à la place occupée dans le centre de Kiev, fait émerger deux types de protagonisme parmi ses participants ordinaires. D’une part, le protagonisme ordinaire se déploie dans la routine révolutionnaire à travers les multiples activités qui s’organisent sur la place (cuisine, assistance médicale, rondes de sécurité). Il renvoie à des formes d’action pacifiques qui font émerger des personnalités en raison de leur engagement prolongé et publicisé par les médias et les réseaux sociaux. D’autre part, le protagonisme insurrectionnel apparaît dans une phase de radicalisation de la protestation, issue de la répression par les autorités. Les opportunités de reconnaissance se multiplient lorsque des images de la violence policière à l’égard des manifestants sont largement diffusées. Le protagonisme s’appuie, ici, sur une défiance accrue à l’égard des élites politiques, surtout après les journées meurtrières des 18-20 février 2014. Il ne devient alors pas tant synonyme d’accès au pouvoir qu’une ressource politique.
Des émeutes à une crise politique : les ressorts de la politisation des mobilisations en Algérie en 1988
Authors: Aït-Aoudia Myriam
Published: April 2016

Cet article analyse, à partir du cas algérien de 1988, la transformation d’émeutes en crise politique par la politisation de mobilisations multisectorielles. Cette crise produira ensuite une libéralisation inédite du régime autoritaire. Le propos est axé sur la dimension politique et contestataire de l’événement émeutes. Il montre, d’une part, que la qualification politique d’un événement, ici les émeutes, ne peut être imposée en surplomb par le chercheur – souvent à partir d’une analyse ex post . Il convient plutôt d’être attentif aux luttes pour la définition légitime de l’événement, en situation, et de restituer le processus par lequel une définition tend à s’imposer à tous les protagonistes, tandis que des catégorisations concurrentes sont écartées. Cet article montre, d’autre part, que la production d’une parole politique sur l’événement n’a rien d’évident, tout comme le succès de cette interprétation politique. Les émeutiers, multitude d’individus ordinaires tenus jusque-là à l’écart de la vie publique, ouvrent certes l’espace des possibles, mais ce sont des acteurs préalablement engagés qui médiatisent leur action et imposent un sens politique contestataire à l’événement en se fondant notamment sur des ressources et des réseaux antérieurs. Les caractéristiques mêmes de l’émeute – désorganisée, sans mots d’ordre, menée par de très jeunes gens qui n’articulent aucune parole politique – autorisent l’imposition, de l’extérieur, d’une parole politique consistante.
Naissance et mort d’une direction aux Affaires étrangères
Authors: Lecler Romain
Published: April 2016

Comment expliquer le démantèlement d’une administration ? On propose une réponse à cette question rarement posée à partir du cas d’une direction dédiée à l’Audiovisuel extérieur au sein du ministère des Affaires étrangères. On isole trois moments idéaux-typiques d’entrepreneuriat bureaucratique qui témoignent à la fois de la petite histoire d’une administration et de la grande histoire des évolutions des conceptions de l’administration entre les années 1980 et les années 2000. Une première figure héroïsée est celle d’un entrepreneur « schumpétérien », Pierre, auteur d’un « exploit bureaucratique » liminaire au début des années 1980, qui a consisté à légitimer, au sein d’une diplomatie culturelle imprégnée de culture légitime, la cause d’un objet illégitime : la télévision, requalifiée dans les termes de l’innovation technologique (la diffusion satellitaire). La deuxième figure est celle d’un « manager », Paul, qui s’impose à la fin des années 1990 comme patron d’une direction autonome, chef de réseau novateur dans ses méthodes de recrutement et de management inspirées du privé, et maître dans l’art de politiser ses dossiers auprès de son ministre. La troisième est celle d’un entrepreneur sur la défensive, Jacques, qui doit liquider dans les années 2000 la direction de l’Audiovisuel extérieur dans un contexte de réforme néo-managériale de la politique culturelle extérieure et de concurrence entre administrations.
Déterminants et modalités du répertoire concurrentiel : une étude empirique du football professionnel européen
Authors: Marquès Pierre
Published: April 2016

A partir d’une méthodologie quantitative, ce papier empirique prolonge les travaux de l’école de la dynamique concurrentielle (Smith, Grimm & Gannon, 1992 ; Baum & Korn, 1996). Son objectif est de mesurer l’impact de la fréquence et de l’intensité des mouvements concurrentiels sur la performance. A partir de l’étude des comportements de 100 meilleurs clubs de football professionnels européens de 1999 à 2009, la recherche confirme que les modalités du répertoire concurrentiel ont un impact réel sur la performance. Elle prolonge les travaux antérieurs en mettant en évidence le fait que la fréquence des mouvements stratégiques est négativement corrélée à la performance tandis que l’intensité est pour sa part positivement reliée aux résultats obtenus.
Les PME engagées en RSE : des clés de compréhension à partir d’une approche qualitative
Authors: Bon Véronique , Pensel Jean-Luc , Morlet David
Published: April 2016

A partir d’une étude qualitative menée auprès de 11 entreprises lauréates d’un prix RSE, il s’agit de mieux comprendre l’engagement responsable des PME et ses fondements. Cette étude aboutit à plusieurs résultats notables, complétant ou nuançant les spécificités que la littérature de recherche en RSE leur attribue. Cet engagement proactif est guidé par des convictions managériales, s’exprimant dans le domaine social, environnemental et de façon moindre, sociétal. Le rôle facilitateur du réseau relationnel et les freins à l’engagement sont mis en évidence. Cette étude propose une grille de lecture qui constitue un premier pas vers une approche théorique adaptée à l’objet d’étude PME.
La gestion de projet à l’Hôpital :dossier patient informatisé et qualité de soins
Authors: Baujard Corinne , Ben Hamouda Iman
Published: April 2016

L’organisation hospitalière, caractérisée par une activité complexe, est largement impliquée dans le projet dossier patient informatisé mis à la disposition des médecins, des personnels médicaux et du service administratif. Le partage des informations médicales, propres à améliorer la prise en charge du patient consultant ou hospitalisé, est sous le contrôle du législateur et des autorités de santé. En quoi l’implémentation du dossier patient informatisé contribue-t-elle à l’amélioration de la qualité de soins ? A partir d’une démarche exploratoire menée au sein d’un grand hôpital de la région parisienne, il apparaît des tensions dans la coordination de la prise en charge des patients.
Cent ans de solitude : Du transgénérationnel... dans le processus créateur
Authors: Lebon Cristelle
Published: April 2016

Le roman Cent ans de solitude de Garcia Marquez met en récit, dans le style du réalisme magique , l’histoire d’une famille aux prises avec les impensés de ses origines. Cet article se propose d’en approcher le processus créateur comme lieu d’une symbolisation d’éléments d’origine transgénérationnelle , matière psychique d’essence groupale prenant forme dans la groupalité recréée sur la scène littéraire, vue comme scène transformationnelle . Quelque chose d’un négatif en attente de forme prendrait corps, image et sens dans l’acte créateur puis dans l’œuvre, objet attracteur des impensés de l’auteur dans ses groupes d’appartenance, mais aussi du groupe anonyme de ses lecteurs. À partir d’une analyse des figurations et représentations de contenants de négatif , emboîtés d’un niveau de réalité à un autre (chambres, maisons, scènes), nous ferons l’hypothèse de la création par le roman d’un mythe sociétal susceptible de proposer au groupe familial, social et plus largement humain, la version transmissible d’une histoire qui jusque-là ne pouvait pas se dire.
Le jeu dramatique, objet d’un espace de création à créer
Authors: Chimisanas Gérard
Published: April 2016

Dans un centre médico-psychologique pour enfants, des dispositifs à médiation en groupe sont nécessaires pour les enfants qui ne peuvent accéder à des échanges verbaux en face-à-face. Le jeu dramatique est un médium qui invite à représenter des personnages et des situations qui vont solliciter la figuration par le corps et l’investissement des émotions et de la pensée. L’identification ludique amène la personne à offrir son intériorité au personnage, se découvrant ainsi. Les effets de présence produits vont ouvrir la scène du groupe, de l’institution et de l’inconscient. Le cadre va organiser et contenir les relations intersubjectives mobilisées par les processus identificatoires. L’analyse des relations en après-coup avec l’entourage institutionnel permettra un aménagement clinique continu du dispositif et une transformation subjective.