bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ligand and structure based hierarchical virtual screening cascade for finding novel epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors
Authors: Huo Donghui , Sun Zhiqi , Wang Maolin , Yan Aixia
Published: October 2023

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase plays an important role in tumor formation and growth by mediating cell growth and other physiological processes. Therefore, EGFR is a promising target for the treatment of cancer. In this work, we combined ligand‐based and structure‐based virtual screening methods to identify novel EGFR inhibitors from a library of more than 103 thousand compounds. We first obtained hundreds of compounds with similar physiochemical properties through 3D molecular shape and electrostatic similarity screening with potent inhibitors AEE788 and Afatinib as queries. Next, we identified compounds with strong binding affinities to the EGFR pocket through molecular docking, which makes good use of the structure information of the receptor. After molecular scaffold analysis, our bioassay confirmed 13 compounds with EGFR inhibitory activity and three compounds had IC50 values below 1000 nM. In addition, we collected 5371 EGFR inhibitors from online databases, and clustered them into 7 groups by K‐means method using their ECFP4 fingerprints as input. Each cluster had typical molecular fragments and corresponding activity characteristics, which could guide the design of EGFR inhibitors, and we concluded that the fragments from some of the hits are indicated in the highly active scaffolds.
Long‐term spaceflight composite stress induces depressive behaviors in model rats through disrupting hippocampus synaptic plasticity
Authors: Yin Yi‐Shu , Zhu Yuan‐Bing , Liu Jun‐Lian , Fan Quan‐Chun , Wu Xiao‐Rui , Zhao Shuang , Wang Jia‐Ping , Liu Yu , Li Yong‐Zhi , Lu Wei‐Hong
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Long‐term spaceflight composite stress (LSCS) can cause adverse effects on human systems, including the central nervous system, which could trigger anxiety and depression.

Aims

This study aimed to identify changes in hippocampus synaptic plasticity under LSCS.

Methods

The present study simulated the real long‐term space station environment by conducting a 42‐day experiment that involved simulating microgravity, isolation, noise, circadian rhythm disruptions, and low pressure. The mood and behavior of the rats were assessed by behavior test. Transmission electron microscopy and patch‐clamp were used to detect the changes in synapse morphology and electrophysiology, and finally, the expression of NMDA receptor channel proteins was detected by western blotting.

Results

The results showed that significant weight loss, anxiety, and depressive behaviors in rats were observed after being exposed to LSCS environment for 42 days. The synaptic structure was severely damaged, manifested as an obvious decrease in postsynaptic density thickness and synaptic interface curvature (p < 0.05; p < 0.05, respectively). Meanwhile, LTP was significantly impaired (p < 0.0001), and currents in the NMDAR channel were also significantly reduced (p < 0.0001). Further analysis found that LSCS decreased the expression of two key subtype proteins on this channel.

Conclusion

These results suggested that LSCS‐induced depressive behaviors by impairing synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampus.
Eomesodermin expression in CD4+T‐cells associated with disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Chen Sheng , Huan Xiao , Xu Chun‐Zuan , Luo Su‐Shan , Zhao Chong‐Bo , Zhong Hua‐Hua , Zheng Xue‐Ying , Qiao Kai , Dong Yi , Wang Ying , Liu Chang‐Yun , Huang Hua‐Pin , Chen Yan , Zou Zhang‐Yu
Published: October 2023

Aim

To clarify the role of Eomesodermin (EOMES) to serve as a disease‐relevant biomarker and the intracellular molecules underlying the immunophenotype shifting of CD4+T subsets in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods

The derivation and validation cohorts included a total of 148 ALS patients and 101 healthy controls (HCs). Clinical data and peripheral blood were collected. T‐cell subsets and the EOMES expression were quantified using multicolor flow cytometry. Serum neurofilament light chain (NFL) was measured. In 1‐year longitudinal follow‐ups, the ALSFRS‐R scores and primary endpoint events were further recorded in the ALS patients of the validation cohort.

Results

In the derivation cohort, the CD4+EOMES+T‐cell subsets were significantly increased (p < 0.001). EOMES+ subset was positively correlated with increased serum NFL levels in patients with onset longer than 12 months. In the validation cohort, the elevated CD4+EOMES+T‐cell proportions and their association with NFL levels were also identified. The longitudinal study revealed that ALS patients with higher EOMES expression were associated with higher progression rates (p = .010) and worse prognosis (p = .003).

Conclusions

We demonstrated that increased CD4+EOMES+T‐cell subsets in ALS were associated with disease progression and poor prognosis. Identifying these associations may contribute to a better understanding of the immunopathological mechanism of ALS.
Robotic‐assisted versus conventional laparoscopic approach in patients with large rectal endometriotic nodule: the evaluation of safety and complications
Authors: Volodarsky‐Perel Alexander , Merlot Benjamin , Denost Quentin , Dennis Thomas , Chanavaz‐Lacheray Isabella , Roman Horace
Published: October 2023

Aim

The aim was to compare postoperative complications in patients undergoing the excision of a rectal endometriotic nodule over 3 cm by a robotic‐assisted versus a conventional laparoscopic approach.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating prospectively collected data. The main interventions included rectal shaving, disc excision or colorectal resection. All the surgeries were performed in one endometriosis reference institute. To evaluate factors significantly associated with the risk of anastomosis leakage or fistula and bladder atony, we conducted a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results

A total of 548 patients with rectal endometriotic nodule over 3 cm in diameter (#ENZIAN C3) were included in the final analysis. The demography and clinical characteristics of women managed by the robotic‐assisted (n = 97) approach were similar to those of patients who underwent conventional laparoscopy (n = 451). The multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the surgical approach (robotic‐assisted vs. laparoscopic) was not associated with the rate of anastomosis leakage or fistula (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–4.0) and bladder dysfunction (aOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.1–1.8). A rectal nodule located lower than 6 cm from the anal verge was significantly associated with anastomosis leakage (aOR 4.1, 95% CI 1.4–10.8) and bladder atony (aOR 4.3, 95% CI 1.5–12.3). Anastomosis leakage was also associated with smoking (aOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4–7.4), significant vaginal infiltration (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.7) and excision of nodules involving sacral roots (aOR 5.6, 95% CI 1.7–15.5).

Conclusion

The robotic‐assisted approach was not associated with increased risk of main postoperative complications compared to conventional laparoscopy for the treatment of large rectal endometriotic nodules.
Epigenetics and the evolution of form: Experimental manipulation of a chromatin modification causes species‐specific changes to the craniofacial skeleton
Authors: DeLorenzo Leah , Powder Kara E.
Published: October 2023

A central question in biology is the molecular origins of phenotypic diversity. While genetic changes are key to the genotype–phenotype relationship, alterations to chromatin structure and the physical packaging of histone proteins may also be important drivers of vertebrate divergence. We investigate the impact of such an epigenetic mechanism, histone acetylation, within a textbook example of an adaptive radiation. Cichlids of Lake Malawi have adapted diverse craniofacial structures, and here we investigate how histone acetylation influences morphological variation in these fishes. Specifically, we assessed the effect of inhibiting histone deacetylation using the drug trichostatin A (TSA) on developing facial structures. We examined this during three critical developmental windows in two cichlid species with alternate adult morphologies. Exposure to TSA during neural crest cell (NCC) migration and as postmigratory NCCs proliferate in the pharyngeal arches resulted in significant changes in lateral and ventral shape in Maylandia, but not in Tropheops. This included an overall shortening of the head, widening of the lower jaw, and steeper craniofacial profile, all of which are paedomorphic morphologies. In contrast, treatment with TSA during early chondrogenesis did not result in significant morphological changes in either species. Together, these data suggest a sensitivity to epigenetic alterations that are both time‐ and species‐dependent. We find that morphologies are due to nonautonomous or potentially indirect effects on NCC development, including in part a global developmental delay. Our research bolsters the understanding that proper histone acetylation is essential for early craniofacial development and identifies a species‐specific robustness to developmental change. Overall, this study demonstrates how epigenetic regulation may play an important role in both generating and buffering morphological variation.
Reducing long‐term use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists: In‐depth interview study with primary care stakeholders
Authors: Coteur Kristien , Peters Sanne , Jansen Pieter , Schoenmakers Birgitte , Van Nuland Marc
Published: October 2023

Aims

To increase our understanding of which factors contribute to long‐term benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use for insomnia in primary care, from a patients', general practitioners' (GP) and pharmacists' perspective.

Design

Qualitative research following a grounded theory approach.

Setting

Primary care in Belgium.

Participants

Twenty‐four participants were interviewed, including nine patients, six GPs and nine pharmacists.

Measurements

In‐depth, semistructured interviews with iterative cycles of data collection and analysis. Transcripts were analysed using the framework method. Thematic findings were interpreted in the context of the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Findings

A reflexive relation was identified between views about hypnotic use at the level of society, healthcare and patients. Behaviour change appeared to depend strongly on context and social influence, including a need for supporting relationships by all stakeholders. Six key messages captured factors that contribute to long‐term BZRA use for insomnia in primary care: societal beliefs as a game changer, the opportunity of nonpharmacological treatment, collaborative primary care, patient‐centred goals, informed consent and self‐management.

Conclusions

Long‐term BZRA use for insomnia is a complex and multifaceted public health problem that is not adequately addressed in primary care at this time. Although primary care professionals in this study found discontinuation of long‐term BZRA use relevant to the patient's health, many organisational and personal barriers were reported. Moreover, the current social and healthcare context is not empowering patients and professionals to reduce long‐term BZRA use for insomnia. Specifically, for primary care, all stakeholders reported the need for a nonmedicalised relationship between the patient and GP to lower prescribing rates.

Patient or Public Contribution

The Flemish Patient Platform, a patient representative organisation, assisted with recruitment by launching a call for participants in their newsletter and volunteered to disseminate the results. The call for recruitment was also published online in social media groups regarding insomnia and via posters in public pharmacies. Patients or public were not involved in designing or conducting the interview study.
The alterations of innate immunity and enhanced severity of infections in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhou Zi , Wang Hao , Tan Sipin , Zhang Huali , Zhu Yaxi
Published: October 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic inflammatory disease with a high incidence worldwide. Patients with DM are at a high risk for all types of infections. Type 1 DM is characterised with immune destruction of pancreatic β cells, while type 2 diabetes is characterised with insulin resistance and β cell dysfunction, both of which result in disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism. This metabolic disorder causes functional defects of immune cells, aberrant production of inflammatory cytokines, dysregulated immune responses, advanced pathophysiological injury of the body, and increased mortality in populations with DM upon infections. Starting with the change of natural immune system in patients with DM, this paper focused on the enhanced severity of infections in DM and the underlying innate immune alterations in preclinical and clinical studies, aiming to better understand the influence of DM on the susceptibility, pathophysiology, and clinical outcomes in infections.
A variety of death modes of neutrophils and their role in the etiology of autoimmune diseases
Authors: Li Yanhong , Wu Yinlan , Huang Jingang , Cao Xue , An Qiyuan , Peng Yun , Zhao Yi , Luo Yubin
Published: October 2023

Neutrophils are important in the context of innate immunity and actively contribute to the progression of diverse autoimmune disorders. Distinct death mechanisms of neutrophils may exhibit specific and pivotal roles in autoimmune diseases and disease pathogenesis through the orchestration of immune homeostasis, the facilitation of autoantibody production, the induction of tissue and organ damage, and the incitement of pathological alterations. In recent years, more studies have provided in‐depth examination of various neutrophil death modes, revealing nuances that challenge conventional understanding and underscoring their potential clinical utility in diagnosis and treatment. This review explores the multifaceted processes and characteristics of neutrophil death, with a focus on tailored investigations within various autoimmune diseases. It also highlights the potential interplay between neutrophil death and the landscape of autoimmune disorders. The review encapsulates the pertinent pathways implicated in various neutrophil death mechanisms across diverse autoimmune diseases while also charts possible avenues for future research.
Key aspects defining the development and implementation of a regional genomic surveillance strategy for the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Meredith Luke W. , Aboualy Mustafa , Ochola Rachel , Okwarah Patrick , Ozel Mehmet , Abubakar Abdinasir , Barakat Amal
Published: October 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic highlighted the critical role of pathogen sequencing in making informed public health decisions. Initially, the Eastern Mediterranean Region faced limitations in sequencing capacity. However, with robust WHO and stakeholder support, the situation significantly improved. By 2022, COVID‐19 sequencing was underway in 22 out of 23 regional countries, with varying throughput and capacity. Notably, three genomic hubs were established in Oman, UAE, and Morocco, playing a key role in providing expanded genomics training and support across the region. While primarily for COVID‐19 surveillance, this sequencing capacity offers an opportunity to integrate genomic surveillance into existing networks. This integration can enable early detection and response to high‐threat pathogens with pandemic potential. To advance this, WHO/EMRO collaborated with stakeholders to formulate the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Genomic Surveillance Strategy for Emerging Pathogens of Pandemic Concern. Consultative meetings with regional and international genomic surveillance experts identified strategy focal points, key partners, priority pathogens, and implementation steps. As the strategy awaits member states' ratification in Q4 2023, this manuscript outlines pivotal facets defined by member states and the strategic document's key deliverables and opportunities. These efforts aim to yield a substantial positive impact within the region.
A model for public–private partnership during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons from Biolab and public laboratories working in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Authors: Abu‐Dayyeh Issa , Naber Zein , Meredith Luke W. , Alsawalha Lora , Nassar Dana , Sumrain Lara , Ghunaim Mohammad , Hasan Thaer , Abdelnour Amid
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The global COVID‐19 pandemic overwhelmed national public health and laboratory capacity in Jordan and globally. In response, Biolab, a private laboratory group with 27 branches across Jordan, assisted with testing. Biolab was equipped to quickly increase molecular testing capacity without compromising quality or turnaround time, allowing them to contribute to national COVID‐19 surveillance efforts.

Methods

Biolab expanded testing in Jordan by operationalizing automated testing platforms at various locations, including 16 branches, 2 drive‐through and 2 walk‐through centres, and entry points for airports and marine passenger arrivals. Genomic and molecular testing were implemented to track variants. Information technology platforms were introduced for sample management, registration, and commercial sample payments. Data were directly provided to the Ministry of Health through these platforms to support public health decision‐making and responses. Biolab prioritized staff well‐being by providing mental, financial, and physical health support during the pandemic.

Results

Biolab processed more than two million samples, with a turnaround time of ~1.5 h. Results were transmitted directly to key stakeholders in near real time. Biolab conducted variant evaluations on >1.4 million samples using molecular variant testing and >1000 samples using whole genome sequencing. Biolab prioritized staff well‐being, improving staff satisfaction from 74% to 91%, a remarkable achievement when many laboratory systems experienced staff burnout and dissatisfaction.

Conclusion

The collaboration between public and private laboratories during COVID‐19 established a model for future joint efforts to prevent outbreaks from becoming pandemics. Biolab's focus on efficiency, quality, and staff well‐being enabled consistent, high‐quality performance. The introduction of innovative information technology platforms ensured swift information dissemination. Biolab plans to continue investing in these platforms and expand pathogen testing, creating a top‐tier testing infrastructure in Jordan with a demonstrated ability to cooperate with the government for public benefit.
Adoption barriers to green logistics in the Indian food industry: A circular economy perspective
Authors: Panghal Anupama , P Akhila , Vern Priyanka , Mor Rahul S
Published: October 2023

Logistics is among the leading contributors to pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and needs a paradigm shift to ensure sustainability. Green logistics is an initiative to reduce environmental, social and economic damage, create a positive brand image and ensure customer loyalty to the firm. Even though green logistics yields many benefits, several factors often challenge its successful implementation. Thus, the study aims to identify and group the adoption barriers to green logistics in the food industry. The barriers perceived by food industry professionals were collected through a survey, and exploratory factor (EFA) analysis was applied to identify and group the most significant ones. EFA grouped the 19 significant barriers into six factors: organizational, regulatory, supplier, technological, customer and financial. Identifying these adoption barriers can help organizations frame suitable strategies to overcome barriers in successfully implementing green logistics. The study also suggests strategies to address the barriers to green logistics in the food industry for the Indian economy. The study also highlights implications for practice and theory.
RETRACTED: Effectiveness of nursing intervention in the operating room to prevent pressure ulcer and wound infection in patients undergoing intertrochanteric fracture: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Qiu Fei‐Fei , Huang Si‐Mei
Published: October 2023

In this study, a meta‐analysis was conducted to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of nursing intervention in the operating room to prevent pressure ulcers and wound infections in patients with intertrochanteric fractures. A computerised search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database of Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Wanfang databases was performed to identify randomised controlled studies (RCTs) on the effectiveness of nursing intervention in the operating room for patients undergoing intertrochanteric fractures from the time of construction of the respective databases to June 2023. Two researchers independently searched and screened the literature, extracted information and performed quality assessments of the included literature. The meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Eighteen studies were finally included, including 1517 patients, with 757 in the intervention group and 760 in the control group. The results showed that nursing intervention in the operating room significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative pressure ulcers in patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures compared to the control group (1.69% vs. 6.01%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18–0.57, p < 0.001) and reduced the incidence of surgical site wound infection (1.00% vs. 6.15%, OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11–0.50, p < 0.001). Current evidence suggests that nursing intervention in the operating room is superior to routine care in reducing the incidence of pressure ulcers and wound infections in patients with intertrochanteric fractures and that such interventions should be promoted for clinical use.
Identification of key responsive leaf physiochemical traits for ozone sensitivity in 16 Italian cultivars of Triticum durum subjected to peak concentrations
Authors: Picchi Valentina , Risoli Samuele , Nali Cristina , Lorenzini Giacomo , D'Asaro Lorenzo , Pisuttu Claudia , Pellegrini Elisa
Published: October 2023

Plants of 16 Italian cultivars of durum wheat at the tillering stage were exposed to a single pulse of ozone (O3, 200 ppb, 5 h) to reveal the mechanisms explaining their O3 tolerance/sensitivity by considering some leaf physiochemical traits [e.g., stomatal conductance, photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity, and phytohormone synthesis]. At the end of the recovery period (48 h from the beginning of the exposure), all cultivars showed visible foliar injury in the form of widespread chlorosis which developed in bifacial ivory necrotic lesions scattered among the leaf veins of completely expanded leaves. Mongibello leaves showed not only the highest severity of visible injury (McKinney index = 62%), but also a reduction of PSII performance (Fv/Fm ratio: −22% compared with controls) together with an activation of the dissipation of the excess excitation energy as heat (qNP: +35%). The photosynthetic impairment observed throughout the whole experiment, was likely due to stomatal limitations (gs: −36% as average) and indicated that this cultivar was very sensitive to a pulse of O3. Similar results were obtained for Latino and Meridiano. Conversely, Iride, Orobel, and Portorico showed the lowest severity of visible injury (McKinney index around 13%) suggesting that they could be considered tolerant to a pulse of O3. These cultivars showed none or only transient changes due to O3 in terms of photosynthetic activity (e.g., A values), while the slight decrease of Fv/Fm ratio did not determine the photoinhibition of the PSII activity, since mechanisms for dissipating excess excitation energy were being activated. Ozone treatment induced a significant reduction of CO2 assimilation rate (−34%) in Orobel and this is not attributable to stomatal and non‐stomatal limitations. The remaining cultivars were considered moderately sensitive to O3, with McKinney index in the range of 20–43%. The measured biochemical traits are not decisive in determining the O3 sensitivity. In particular, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase increased only in seven cultivars; among them, only in Latino, Vetrodur, and Simeto, this enhancement reflected in an accumulation of phenolic compounds suggesting potential higher protection against reactive oxygen species. This work highlights the relevance of identifying O3‐sensitive cultivars, in the optic to develop sustainable strategies to mitigate the impact of peak O3 episodes on wheat production.
Brief Remarks on the Strategic Experimentation of Belonging and the Instauring of Cosmicities in the Context of Art Education
Authors: Atkinson Dennis
Published: October 2023

This article considers the notion of belonging as an always incomplete and evolving journey integral to which is the gift of otherness; a journey that consists of a continuous mutation of self, others and world. This contrasts with the more fixed notion of ‘belonging‐to’ that suggests prescribed identities affiliated to an established order, which can then invoke the negation of ‘not belonging’ and the subsequent violence of exclusion, marginalisation or dispossession that we witness almost endlessly. The negation of negation as manifested, perhaps unconsciously, in educational practices that need to respond empathetically to diverse pathways of learning, is central to this article. In this light perhaps in education we require a new declaration of rights, the right to have rights, that extends cartographies and obligations of belonging, in a world of increasing precarity. The article explores the notion of belonging in educational practices by articulating a series of scenarios in order to open up collective debate for possibilities in pedagogical practice.
Shattered childhood: Experiences of polio survivors in Finland 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Elomaa‐Krapu Minna , Kaunonen Marja
Published: October 2023

Aim

To describe the childhood experiences of patients with polio from the acute phase of the disease during post‐war Finland in the 1950s and 1960s.

Design

Qualitative empirical study based on self‐reported history of nursing rooted in the past, a history of experiences.

Methodology

Interview materials were gathered in the form of themes (45) and written interviews (4) (29 September 2018 to 30 June 2019). Data were analysed by reflexive thematic analysis to highlight hidden and latent experiences. This approach generated the study's main theme, themes and subthemes.

Results

The main theme, ‘shattered childhood’, generated from the study results and was then divided into two themes, both of which were influenced in part by the loss of a familiar childhood, the changed environment, the breakdown of the body and the absence of control. Through their childhood memories, polio survivors described their broken childhoods using the following themes: ‘betrayal by their bodies’ and ‘isolation’. In the narratives, the theme ‘betrayal by one's own body’ was generated by the following subthemes: ‘suddenness of the affliction’, ‘paralysis’ and ‘being moved to the hospital’. The ‘isolation’ theme developed from the subthemes ‘isolation from the body and surroundings’ and ‘emotional and social loneliness’.

Conclusion

Polio survivors' experiences during the acute stage of the disease were traumatic and demonstrated children's inferior nursing position in Finland in the 1950s and 1960s.

Impact

The study increases our understanding of the history of caring for children and families who were affected and disabled by polio and the importance of their experiences in society and healthcare settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

The authors collaborated with the Finnish Polio Association to recruit study participants and plan the study. Patients with polio during childhood underwent interviews, and their experiences formulated the data, which were analysed and the basis of the results.

Reporting Method

Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ), a 32‐item checklist for interviews and focus groups, have been used as a reporting and checklist tool. All authors have agreed on the final version and the use of the COREQ criteria, relationship with participants, theoretical framework, setting, data collection and data analysis and report.
A hybrid systematic narrative review of instruments measuring home‐based care nurses' competency
Authors: Rusli Khairul Dzakirin Bin , Chua Wei Ling , Ang Wei How Darryl , Ang Seng Giap Marcus , Lau Ying , Liaw Sok Ying
Published: October 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to identify and synthesize the contents and the psychometric properties of the existing instruments measuring home‐based care (HBC) nurses' competencies.

Design

A hybrid systematic narrative review was performed.

Review Methods

The eligible studies were reviewed to identify the competencies measured by the instruments for HBC nurses. The psychometric properties of instruments in development and psychometric testing design studies were also examined. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument and COSMIN checklist accordingly.

Data Sources

Relevant studies were searched on CINAHL, MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, PsychINFO and Scopus from 2000 to 2022. The search was limited to full‐text items in the English language.

Results

A total of 23 studies reporting 24 instruments were included. 12 instruments were adopted or modified by the studies while the other 12 were developed and psychometrically tested by the studies. None of the instruments encompassed all of the 10 home‐based nursing care competencies identified in an earlier study. The two most frequently measured competencies were the management of health conditions, and critical thinking and problem‐solving skills, while the two least measured competencies were quality and safety, and technological literacy. The content and structural validity of most instruments were inadequate since the adopted instruments were not initially designed or tested among HBC nurses.

Conclusion

This review provides a consolidation of existing instruments that were used to assess HBC nurses' competencies. The instruments were generally not comprehensive, and the content and structural validity were limited. Nonetheless, the domains, items and approaches to instrument development could be adopted to develop and test a comprehensive competency instrument for home‐based nursing care practice in the future.

Impact

This review consolidated instruments used to measure home‐based care nurses' competency. The instruments were often designed for ward‐based care nurses hence a comprehensive and validated home‐based nursing care competency instrument is needed. Nurses, researchers and nursing leaders could consider the competency instruments identified in this review to measure nurses' competencies, while a home‐based nursing care competency scale is being developed.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution was required in this review.
Intellectual disabilities and dementia: New tasks and experiences of Austrian formal caregivers
Authors: Pendl Dominik , Glatz Mathieu , Gasteiger‐Klicpera Barbara
Published: October 2023

Background

In Austria, due to its history, only relatively little research on the topic of intellectual disabilities and dementia has been conducted to date. The present study thus aims to explore the challenges and tasks currently facing formal caregivers, together with assessing their wishes for further development.

Methods

Ten semi‐structured interviews were held with formal caregivers. Interviews were transcribed and analysed by means of structured qualitative content analysis.

Results

Caregivers must deal with conflicts between residents, and with increasing demands for care and emotional support. Education and training on dementia and intellectual disability are mostly of high quality, but still remain insufficient. Caregivers would like to see suitable adaptation of care premises, smaller groups, more staff and better training on dementia and intellectual disability.

Conclusion

To ensure quality care and ‘ageing in place’, caregivers and providers need to pay greater attention to dementia‐related changes when planning and adapting services.
Mediating Internal Competition for Resources*
Authors: Prasad Suraj , Tamada Yasunari
Published: October 2023

We consider a model of internal competition, where projects developed by agents with different preferences compete for resources in an organization. Allowing a manager—who has moderate preferences—to control the allocation of resources has benefits when preferences are not too diverse. In particular, the manager acts as a mediator, forcing agents to compromise when competing projects succeed, thus providing better insurance to agents and increasing their effort. Our framework provides a theoretical foundation for two influential views of a manager—as the “visible hand” that allocates resources, and as a “power broker” who resolves conflict in an organization.
Increased risk of hospitalization, intensive care and death due to COVID‐19 in patients with adrenal insufficiency: A Swedish nationwide study
Authors: Bergthorsdottir Ragnhildur , Esposito Daniela , Olsson Daniel S , Ragnarsson Oskar , Dahlqvist Per , Bensing Sophie , Nåtman Jonatan , Johannsson Gudmundur , Nyberg Fredrik
Published: October 2023

Background

Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) have excess morbidity and mortality related to infectious disorders. Whether patients with AI have increased morbidity and mortality from COVID‐19 is unknown.

Methods

In this linked Swedish national register‐based cohort study, patients with primary and secondary AI diagnosis were identified and followed from 1 January 2020 to 28 February 2021. They were compared with a control cohort from the general population matched 10:1 for age and sex. The following COVID‐19 outcomes were studied: incidence of COVID‐19 infection, rates of hospitalization, intensive care admission and death. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusted for socioeconomic factors and comorbidities were estimated using Cox regression analysis.

Results

We identified 5430 patients with AI and 54,300 matched controls: There were 47.6% women, mean age was 57.1 (standard deviation 18.1) years, and the frequency of COVID‐19 infection was similar, but the frequency of hospitalization (2.1% vs. 0.8%), intensive care (0.3% vs. 0.1%) and death (0.8% vs. 0.2%) for COVID‐19 was higher in AI patients than matched controls. After adjustment for socioeconomic factors and comorbidities, the HR (95% CI) was increased for hospitalization (1.96, 1.59–2.43), intensive care admission (2.76, 1.49–5.09) and death (2.29, 1.60–3.28).

Conclusion

Patients with AI have a similar incidence of COVID‐19 infection to a matched control population, but a more than twofold increased risk of developing a severe infection or a fatal outcome. They should therefore be prioritized for vaccination, antiviral therapy and other appropriate treatment to mitigate hospitalization and death.
Whither naïve realism? – I
Authors: Byrne Alex , Green E. J.
Published: October 2023

Different authors offer subtly different characterizations of naïve realism. We disentangle the main ones and argue that illusions provide the best proving ground for naïve realism and its main rival, representationalism. According to naïve realism, illusions never involve perceptual error. We assess two leading attempts to explain apparent perceptual error away, from William Fish and Bill Brewer, and conclude that they fail. Another leading attempt is assessed in a companion paper, which also sketches an alternative representational account.
The pollination ecology of a rare case of bee‐pollinated Psittacanthus mistletoe
Authors: Castro S. J. , Castro A. B. , Araújo N. M. , Abreu V. H. R. , Oliveira M. L. , Fadini R. F.
Published: October 2023

The genus Psittacanthus (Loranthaceae) is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, where it is known for its large, colourful, scentless flowers. Until very recently, all Psittacanthus species were regarded as exclusively hummingbird‐pollinated and the large species radiation in the genus attributed to the interactions with bird dispersers and pollinators. P. eucalyptifolius (Kunth) G.Don. is the only species reported as bee‐pollinated.

Here we describe the floral biology, floral visitors, and the reproductive system of P. eucalyptifolius in an Amazonian savanna, Brazil. We also compare the pollination success (reproductive performance) among different Psittacanthus species reported in previous studies.

Psittacanthus eucalyptifolius produces sweet‐scented flowers, and a small quantity of concentrated nectar. At least five species of scopate bees were recorded visiting and carrying pollen of P. eucalyptifolius. Xylocopa frontalis carried most pollen, visited more flowers, remained longer, and touched reproductive parts of flowers in >95% of the observed visits.

Experiments indicate that P. eucalyptifolius is partially autocompatible (39% autonomous pollination) but depends on pollinators to achieve higher performance (~78% in control), indicating that bees can be as effective as birds in pollinating this group of mistletoes.
IRR1 contributes to de novo root regeneration from Arabidopsis thaliana leaf explants
Authors: Yan Jiawen , Song Yu , Li Meng , Hu Ting , Hsu Yi‐Feng , Zheng Min
Published: October 2023

Plants are capable of regenerating adventitious roots (ARs), which is important for plant response to stress and survival. Although great advances in understanding AR formation of leaf explants have been made, the regulatory mechanisms of AR formation still need to be investigated. In this study, irr1‐1 (impaired root regeneration) was isolated with the inhibition of adventitious rooting from Arabidopsis leaf explants. The β‐glucuronidase (GUS) signals of IRR1pro::GUS in detached leaves could be detected at 2–6 days after culture. IRR1 is annotated to encode a Class III peroxidase localized in the cell wall. The total peroxidase (POD) activity of irr1 mutants was significantly lower than that of the wild type. Detached leaves of irr1 mutants showed enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation 4 days after leaves were excised from seedlings. Moreover, thiourea, a ROS scavenger, was able to rescue the adventitious rooting rate in leaf explants of irr1 mutants. Addition of 0.1 μM indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) improved the adventitious rooting from leaf explants of irr1 mutants. Taken together, these results indicated that IRR1 was involved in AR formation of leaf explants, which was associated with ROS homeostasis to some extent.
Trauma‐informed organizational climate and its impact on first responder burnout during COVID‐19
Authors: Headley Andrea M. , Witkowski Kaila , Remington Christa , Ganapati N. Emel , Contreras Santina L.
Published: October 2023

First responders experience work‐related challenges in higher magnitudes than other occupations. Organizational elements may mitigate or exacerbate burnout for first responders during public health emergencies (e.g., COVID‐19). This mixed methods study of first responders in the United States aims to (1) assess the relationship between a trauma‐informed organizational climate (TIC) and burnout; (2) analyze the moderating effect of TIC on role strain and burnout; and (3) identify how a TIC can mitigate contributors to burnout. Survey data (n = 3,517) of first responders demonstrate that a TIC (of safety, trust, choice, collaboration, and empowerment) negatively correlates with burnout. Further, a TIC moderates the positive relationship between role strain and burnout. Interviews of first responders (n = 91) reveal that fewer employee interactions, lack of rule‐following behaviors, impaired communication, staffing shortages, and limited time off contribute to burnout. Open communication, resource provision, collaboration opportunities, and creative problem‐solving enhance work climate.
The effects of visual attention on social behavior
Authors: Capozzi Francesca , Kingstone Alan
Published: October 2023

Psychology has made tremendous strides in understanding the effects that social stimuli have on attention. However, one aspect that has received relatively less consideration is the role that attention plays in social interactions. The present review examines how attentional orienting, engagement, and communication affect and shape a diverse array of social processes, including person perception, discrimination, and group structures. Specifically, the empirical evidence reviewed here points to the notions that (1) attentional orienting mediates learning and acquisition of others' attitudes and reflects or reinforces the use of stereotypical social information; (2) attentional engagement increases the accuracy of impression formation and modulates impression valence (positive vs. negative) depending on contextual and cultural factors; (3) attentional communication conveys socially appropriate behavior depending on interpersonal factors such as familiarity, intimacy, and social status. Overall, this review reveals that the links between cognitive and social psychology are strong and bidirectional, binds that hold the potential for many new and exciting discoveries in the near future.
Duties to donors
Authors: Sayers Merlyn
Published: October 2023

See article on page 2072–2082, in this issue
Two‐phase Bayesian latent class analysis to assess diagnostic test performance in the absence of a gold standard: COVID‐19 serological assays as a proof of concept
Authors: Camirand Lemyre Felix , Honfo Sewanou Hermann , Caya Chelsea , Cheng Matthew P. , Colwill Karen , Corsini Rachel , Gingras Anne‐Claude , Jassem Agatha , Krajden Mel , Márquez Ana Citlali , Mazer Bruce D. , McLennan Meghan , Renaud Christian , Yansouni Cedric P. , Papenburg Jesse , Lewin Antoine
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives

In this proof‐of‐concept study, which included blood donor samples, we aimed to demonstrate how Bayesian latent class models (BLCMs) could be used to estimate SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence in the absence of a gold standard assay under a two‐phase sampling design.

Materials and Methods

To this end, 6810 plasma samples from blood donors who resided in Québec (Canada) were collected from May to July 2020 and tested for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies using seven serological assays (five commercial and two non‐commercial).

Results

SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence was estimated at 0.71% (95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.53%–0.92%). The cPass assay had the lowest sensitivity estimate (88.7%; 95% CrI = 80.6%–94.7%), while the Héma‐Québec assay had the highest (98.7%; 95% CrI = 97.0%–99.6%).

Conclusion

The estimated low seroprevalence (which indicates a relatively limited spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Quebec) might change rapidly—and this tool, developed using blood donors, could enable a rapid update of the prevalence estimate in the absence of a gold standard. Further, the present analysis illustrates how a two‐stage BLCM sampling design, along with blood donor samples, can be used to estimate the performance of new diagnostic tests and inform public health decisions regarding a new or emerging disease for which a perfect reference standard does not exist.
Cuidados al final de la vida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos: revisión de alcance
Authors: Henao-Castaño Ángela María , Alvarado Caro Laura Valentina
Published: October 2023

Resumen
Introducciòn: Los cuidados al final de la vida en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI) están orientados a ofrecer atención a la persona que está cerca del final su vida, y cuyo objetivo es aliviar el sufrimiento y atender sus necesidades mentales, emocionales y espirituales. Objetivo: identificar los cuidados al final de la vida del paciente adulto en las UCI. Metodología: se realizó una revisión de literatura tipo scoping review siguiendo el protocolo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), y se hizo la búsqueda de artículos en revistas indexadas en 16 bases de datos durante el periodo 2001-2022, los cuales fueron publicados en español, inglés y portugués. La extracción y la selección de datos se llevaron a cabo mediante la herramienta web Rayyan.ai. Finalmente, se seleccionaron 35 artículos. Resultados: el idioma predominante de los artículos seleccionados fue el inglés (82 %), y el país de mayor procedencia fue Estados Unidos (31 %). Los resultados se presentaron en tres temáticas: a) cuidados al paciente, b) cuidados a la familia, y c) percepciones del personal de salud. Conclusiones: se encontró que los cuidados al final de la vida que más se reportan son el uso de fármacos como morfina, midazolam y lorazepam, así como la comunicación temprana entre el personal de salud, el paciente y su familia. Dentro de los cuidados, la enfermería tiene un rol muy importante, pues esta brinda la atención de manera holística, al ser orientadora y educadora y al dar acompañamiento integral a la familia durante y después del proceso del final de vida.
Experiencias de aprendizaje metacognitivo en estudiantes de enfermería: Revisión de alcance
Authors: Vargas Toloza Ruby Elizabeth , Menjura Escobar María Inés , Tamayo Álzate Óscar Eugenio
Published: October 2023

En este artículo se presenta una revisión de estudios en torno a la metacognición como una estrategia de reflexión en procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en programas de Enfermería. El proceso de búsqueda se realizó en la base de datos Web of Science en el período comprendido entre 2015-2021, mediante la metodología Prisma. El análisis de la información permitió identificar cuatro tendencias a) la metacognición en procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje con algunas didácticas grupales, b) la metacognición en procesos de aprendizaje con simulación clínica, c) el aprendizaje reflexivo como estrategia de regulación metacognitiva aplicada a los procesos de evaluación, d) la metacognición en los planes curriculares de los programas académicos en salud. La revisión permitió profundizar en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje que se han adelantado con relación a las habilidades cognitivas y metacognitivas en los espacios de formación académica en salud, que conlleva a un cambio de un modelo educativo tradicional centrado en los contenidos, a otro modelo centrado en el aprendizaje que implica la reflexión consciente y participativa por parte de los estudiantes.
El mercado de los servicios OTT audiovisuales argentinos: evolución y desarrollo
Authors: Carboni Ornela Vanina
Published: October 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo relevar a los principales proveedores de servicios digitales audiovisuales bajo demanda OTT en Argentina. Por tal motivo, se procede a su sistematización y clasificación en función de una serie de variables propias de la economía política de la comunicación y la cultura: estructura empresarial, oferta de contenidos, alcance y modelo de negocio. El análisis se completa con la evolución histórica del mercado audiovisual en el país ligado a estos actores y una mirada en relación con las políticas regulatorias en el sector. Finalmente, en las conclusiones se repasa la fisonomía de las OTT audiovisuales y las estrategias futuras de estas compañías para subsistir en un mercado concentrado y dinámico. Entre los resultados se destaca que gran parte de los operadores relevados ofrecen contenidos de tipo generalista y el modelo de negocio central es el SVoD, a través de una tarifa mensual y/o anual.