bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Storm Size Modulates Tropical Cyclone Intensification through an Oceanic Pathway in Global Oceans
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Guan Shoude , Lin I.-I. , Zhao Wei , Jin Fei-Fei , Liu Ping , Tian Jiwei
Published: January 2025

Typical tropical cyclone (TC) attributes, including translation speed and intensity, have been demonstrated to affect TC intensification via modulating sea surface temperature (SST) cooling effect underneath TCs, while the effect of storm size is relatively less explored. Using satellite-observed SST during 2004–21, we examine the effect of storm size on TC-induced SST anomalies (SSTAs) and TC intensification in global TC-active oceans (including the western North Pacific, eastern North Pacific, North Atlantic, southern Indian Ocean, and southern Pacific) and compare their interbasin differences. In all basins, SSTAs have the strongest correlation with 34-kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) wind radius (R34), which is thus utilized as the representative storm size among various TC wind radii. Globally, large TCs induce stronger and more widespread SSTAs, which reduce ocean’s enthalpy flux supply and thus suppress TC intensification, as compared to small TCs. This modulating effect emerges in each basin, suggesting a globally consistent effect of storm size on TC intensification through an oceanic pathway. Small TCs, occupying weaker SST cooling and larger enthalpy flux, are more likely to undergo rapid intensification, with the probability of 1.1–1.8 times larger than large TCs in global TC-active oceans. Storm size varies greatly across global basins, and thus its effect on TC intensification through this oceanic pathway exhibits considerable interbasin differences. The interbasin difference in storm size partly contributes to the interbasin difference in SSTA under same TC intensity. Our results suggest that accurately representing storm size in TC coupled models can potentially improve cooling estimation and TC intensity prediction.

Significance Statement

Storm size is an important parameter which characterizes tropical cyclone (TC) wind structure. Existing studies report that storm size influences TC intensification from an atmospheric perspective via modulating vortex dynamics. By examining global TCs, here we propose an explanation from the oceanic perspective: large TCs tend to induce stronger SST cooling, reducing enthalpy supply and suppressing TC intensification compared to small TCs. Consequently, small TCs are more likely to undergo rapid intensification—an extremely TC-intensifying event. Despite interbasin differences, the modulating effect of storm size via this oceanic pathway is universal over global TC-active basins. Therefore, precisely characterizing storm size and this oceanic pathway are essential for evaluating ocean’s energy to TCs and forecasting rapid intensification event and TC intensity.
Socioeconomic Deprivation and Risk of Operative Mortality After Emergency Laparotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ambler Olivia , Hajibandeh Shahin , Hajibandeh Shahab
Published: January 2025

Aims

The aim was to determine the effect of socioeconomic deprivation on operative mortality after emergency laparotomy.

Methods

A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis (random-effects modeling) was performed searching for studies comparing operative mortality between the least and the most socioeconomically deprived patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Both unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) were calculated as summary measure. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system.

Results

Four studies comprising 87,690 patients were included. There was no difference in the risk of operative mortality between the most and least deprived groups (unadjusted OR: 1.57, 95% CI .92, 2.68, P = .100) and when adjusted for other predictors (adjusted OR: 1.11, 95% CI .93, 1.32, P = .230). Subgroup analysis showed consistency of the findings in the United Kingdom (unadjusted OR: 1.36, 95% CI .92, 2.01, P = .130; adjusted OR: 1.15, 95% CI .92, 1.43, P = .230) and in the United States (unadjusted OR: 1.75, 95% CI .75, 4.06, P = .190; adjusted OR: 1.01, 95% CI .79, 1.29, P = .940). Sensitivity analyses showed inconsistency in favor of higher mortality risk in the most deprived patients. The GRADE certainty was moderate.

Conclusions

Socioeconomic deprivation may have minor effect on operative mortality after emergency laparotomy; however, such effect fades away once adjusted for other predictors of mortality. Although independent research is required, it may be reasonable to predict that incorporation of socioeconomic deprivation into preoperative risk assessment tools may not improve their predictive performance.
Enhancing the performance of cut-resistant gloves with glass fiber/UV PUA resin composite threads: A study on mechanical properties and durability
Authors: Wang Yongqi , Wang Tengda , Wang Linhai , Yan Xuefeng , Qiu Qunren , Shen Yue , Ma Yan
Published: January 2025

Due to the brittleness of glass fibers, cut-resistant fabrics knitted from glass fibers tend to develop broken fiber ends on the surface during use. This can cause itching, redness, or even allergic reactions on the wearer’s skin, severely affecting wearing comfort. Glass fiber bundles (GF) and glass/steel fiber bundles (GS) were impregnated with ultraviolet-cured polyurethane acrylate (UV PUA) resins at varying hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) concentrations, resulting in glass fiber/UV PUA composite threads (GUCT) and glass/stainless steel fiber bundles/UV PUA composite (GSCT). The impact of different concentrations of HEMA on the composite threads was examined in the study. Its main objectives were to evaluate the mechanical properties of the PUA resin, the tensile strength of the composite threads, and the washability, wear resistance, and cut resistance of the knitted composite fabrics. The research results show that the infiltration of PUA resin improved the tensile strength of GF and GS (increased by 64.35% and 64.84%, respectively), thus reducing the likelihood of glass fibers breaking due to excessive tensile stress. The cutting load of GF fabric increased by 24.51%, whereas GS fabric decreased by 18.25%. In addition, the wear resistance of both composite thread fabrics decreased due to changes in fiber bundle thickness caused by PUA resin impregnation, which affected the outer yarn density. The washability of the fabric indicates that this process significantly reduced the number of broken ends in glass fibers, improving the comfort of GF and GS fabrics.
A ‘gentrification regime’ change: The fiscal roots of buy-to-let gentrification in Dudelange, Luxembourg
Authors: Mezaroş Mădălina , Paccoud Antoine , Lees Loretta
Published: January 2025

This article introduces the notion of the ‘gentrification regime’, which we believe is better able to capture the diversity of gentrification trajectories than the more macro-level notions of gentrification ‘waves’ or ‘stages’. We define a ‘gentrification regime’ as a specific set of relations between producers and consumers of housing made possible by a particular policy and financial context. Empirically, this article tracks the shift from a gentrification regime in which social upscaling is linked to increases in ownership to one that foregrounds the development of the private rental sector. To evidence this shift, we use the full set of property transactions linked to the production and the sale of apartments in the city of Dudelange in Luxembourg between 1970 and 2019 to reconstruct the trajectories of residential projects. We observe the replacement of local developers, responsible for a construction boom in the early 1990s, by national-level developers focusing on locally supported flagship projects targeting investor demand, itself stimulated by national fiscal policies. We witness an investor interest for both new and existing housing, signalling an increased pressure on the housing market, which seems to lead to an incipient (cross-border) exclusionary displacement. The article thus shows that national-level fiscal policy, and not only the deregulation of the private rental sector, can create value gaps that trigger a shift to buy-to-let gentrification. The notion of ‘gentrification regime’ is thus shown to provide a new way to understand the locally and temporally specific processes underlying the diversity of gentrification dynamics we see today.
CEO, CFO, Financial Reporting Quality, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Authors: Ranasinghe Tharindra , Rava Ariel , Zur Emanuel
Published: January 2025

Industry, firm, CEO, CFO, and time effects likely have a significant influence on a firm’s financial reporting quality (FRQ). However, our understanding of the extent to which each of these factors affects different facets of FRQ remains limited. In this paper, we employ hierarchical linear multi-level modeling (HLM) techniques to quantify the relative influence of industry, firm, manager (CEO and CFO), and year factors on FRQ attributes of accruals quality, annual report readability, comparability, and disclosure disaggregation. Our findings suggest that, on average, industry and firm-level effects have the largest impact on FRQ. CEO and CFO effects too are quite considerable. We also find that the CFO (CEO) is the comparatively more influential senior manager in shaping FRQ in terms of accounting numbers (narrative disclosure). In most cases, the five factors of industry, firm, CEO, CFO, and year explain over 70% of the variation in FRQ. The paper contributes to the literature by expanding our understanding of the extent to which characteristics that are inherent to the firm as well as those that vary by managers influence FRQ.
Interpretable machine learning-based rolling force prediction using multivariate industrial data during tandem cold rolling
Authors: Li Jingdong , Zhou Jinbo , Sun Youzhao , Wang Xiaochen , Yang Quan , Yan Jiagen , Sun Yamin , Zhang Qiyuan , Mao Xing , Li Fengxia , Chen Jiaqi , Qie Haotang
Published: January 2025

In the pursuit of intelligent manufacturing goals, industrial big data technology has emerged as a key enabler in advancing the steel industry. Traditional rolling force (RF) models typically rely on data from individual cold rolling production lines, leading to lower accuracy and limited interpretability. To overcome this, an industrial data platform has been developed, offering a complete and reliable dataset to enhance the performance of RF prediction models. A data-driven machine learning framework is proposed, employing an improved sparrow search algorithm to optimise the weighting parameters of the broad learning system. The Shapley additive explanations method is further applied to elucidate the contributions of multivariate features from hot and cold rolling, thereby enhancing the interpretability of RF predictions. The performance of the proposed framework was validated on the production line of a leading steel plant, demonstrating significant advantages over existing state-of-the-art models. Furthermore, this study demonstrates and extensively elaborates on the significant impact of hot rolling parameters in enhancing the predictive accuracy of cold RF models. Industrial application validation demonstrates that the proposed framework accurately predicts the RF at the head of cold-rolled strip, enabling feedforward compensation for bending force and effectively improving flatness defects, further confirming the method's efficacy.
Guidance for successful healthcare transformation: A systematic review of change management practices and outcomes
Authors: Hastings Bradley J
Published: January 2025

The increasing pace of healthcare transformation places emphasis on how to enact it. However, there is a difference between healthcare commentators and policymakers regarding preferred change management practice; policy guidance is rooted in diagnostic practices, whereas commentators suggest that dialogic is a more appropriate practice for ensuring success. What is missing from this debate is evidence to inform whether commentators’ suggestions will increase the likelihood of successful transformation outcomes. This study presents a systematic review of change management practices and outcomes, identifying 10 papers that report on 292 cases of transformation. It finds broad support that dialogic increases the likelihood of successful transformation, providing supporting evidence for updating healthcare policy and practice.

JEL Classification: I18
Defining the typical characteristics of orthostatic headache in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Mehta Dwij , Cheema Sanjay , Glover Sophie , Qureshi Ayman M. , Davagnanam Indran , Kamourieh Salwa , Sayal Parag , Toma Ahmed , Lagrata Susie , Joy Clare , Duncan Callum , Anderson Jane , Davies Brendan , Dorman Paul J. , Angus-Leppan Heather , Walkden James , Rohrer Jonathan , Matharu Manjit S.
Published: January 2025

Background

Orthostatic headache (OH) is a common feature of various conditions, including spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), but no precise definition currently exists outlining the typical OH characteristics. This ambiguity risks misdiagnosis with unnecessary investigations and delay in institution of treatment. The present study aimed to carry out structured phenotyping of OH in patients with SIH with the aim of outlining its typical characteristics.

Methods

Eligible patients with clinico-radiological confirmed SIH underwent a structured interview, after which a specialist interest group utilised the modified Delphi process to analyse the data and achieve consensus on defining the typical characteristics of OH in SIH.

Results

In total, 137 patients were recruited. OH was present in 75.9%. Typical OH characteristics in SIH were defined as having a baseline severity (lying flat) on waking up of ≤3 (0–10, verbal response scale), headache onset-time of ≤4.5 h on becoming upright, time to peak severity of ≤7.5 h and an offset to baseline severity within 1.5 h of recumbency. Intra-individual consistency in the onset and offset-time was deemed a necessary characteristic.

Conclusions

Defining typical OH characteristics has the potential of enhancing SIH diagnostics and management, at the same time as minimising unwarranted invasive procedures.
Examining Help-Seeking Behavior in People Living Alone With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Smith Colby P. , Perkins Molly M. , Hepburn Kenneth W. , Kavalieratos Dio , Lowers Jane
Published: January 2025

More than 4 million people in the United States live alone with cognitive impairment or early dementia, yet research on their experiences is limited. Previous research has shown this population has higher levels of unmet care needs and lower financial resources than their married peers. By exploring the experiences of people living alone with cognitive impairment (PLACI), this research examines the successes and barriers within their journey to inform how interventions can improve their quality of life. We conducted qualitative interviews with 15 PLACI (median age 69, 87% white, and 80% female) to explore perceptions of future care needs and resources. Through a modified ideal-type analysis, participants’ thought processes and actions regarding help-seeking were mapped to the five stages of the transtheoretical model. These perspectives suggest opportunities such as connecting them to community social work that could help facilitate their understanding of their needs, help them identify resources, and promote proactive aging.
Relationship-Centered Care for Older Adults in Long-Term Care Homes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gurung Shreemouna , Chaudhury Habib
Published: January 2025

This scoping review, following Levac et al.’s methodology, examines the implementation and impact of relationship-centered care (RCC) in long-term care (LTC) settings for older adults. Peer-reviewed articles from AgeLine, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were included if published after 2000, involved older adults in LTC homes, focused on RCC, and conducted in Australia, Europe, New Zealand, or North America. Key findings were organized using inductive content analysis, and 41 empirical studies with qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods designs were included. Three categories emerged: (1) Core Practices of RCC—relationship building and reciprocal exchange; (2) Transformative Impacts of RCC—improved care quality and collaboration; and (3) Pathways and Roadblocks to RCC—individual and organizational factors. By understanding the key elements, facilitators, and barriers of RCC, policymakers and practitioners can develop targeted strategies to improve care experiences and outcomes for residents, families, staff, and all others involved in LTC.
“I Aim to Fulfill My Promise”: Dementia Caregiving from the Perspective of Spouses and Partners
Authors: Shiff Haley M. , Allison Theresa A. , Halim Madina , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Smith Alexander K. , Barnes Deborah E. , Gubner Jennie M. , Zamora Kara
Published: January 2025

In the United States, spouses provide 17% of in-home care for people living with dementia. Negative impacts of dementia care on spouses/partners are well-documented, but we lack information about the holistic experience for spouses/partners. We conducted a secondary thematic analysis of data from two observational studies about everyday music engagement and dementia care at home. In this paper, we report on experiences of dementia care from the perspectives of spouses/partners. Participants included 15 people living with dementia (20% women, 20% people of color); 15 spouses/partners (73% women, 27% people of color). Individual experiences varied, but underlying patterns emerged: 1) Caregiving approaches were grounded in loyalty and commitment 2) Spouses/partners struggled to accept changes occurring with dementia progression, and 3) As verbal skills diminished, spouses/partners found meaning in small gestures. Spousal/partner dementia care poses unique challenges and rewards. Identifying underlying motivations and sources of strength can support the caregiving experience.
Vibration characterisation of electric-vehicle electric drivetrain system under electromagnetic excitation and mechanical excitation coupling action
Authors: Ge Shuaishuai , Wen Yizhou , Zhang Zhigang , Wang Huan
Published: January 2025

Electromagnetic and mechanical excitation are the main causes of electric drivetrain system (EDS) vibration. In this study, the vibration characteristics of an electric drivetrain assembly under electromagnetic-mechanical excitation coupling were investigated using a three-in-one EDS as the research object. A rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of the EDS was developed to comprehensively analyse the electric motor, drivetrain, controller housing and bearings. Based on this, a finite-element model of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) was developed to analyse the electromagnetic excitation in the EDS. Finally, the vibration response characteristics of different parts of the shaft system, bearing and housing of the EDS under electromagnetic-mechanical excitation coupling were analysed. The results indicated that the 24th and 48th-order electromagnetic excitations of the motor contributed considerably to the vibration of the system and that, with regard to mechanical excitation, the first-stage gear pair had a stronger impact on the system than the second-stage gear pair. The vibration response of the shaft system decreased in the following order: intermediate shaft > input shaft > output shaft > rotor shaft. The vibration state of each shaft bearing was consistent with that of the corresponding shaft system; on the assembly housing, the vibration was largest at the connection between the motor housing and the reducer housing. The findings of this study provide guidance for EDS noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) performance analysis and structural optimisation.
A comparative review of machinability in AA2XXX and AA7XXX heat-treatable aluminum alloys: Focus on AA7050-T7451 and AA2050-T84
Authors: Ates Elvan , Evis Zafer , Ozturk Fahrettin
Published: January 2025

Heat-treated AA7050-T7451 with high fatigue strength and corrosion cracking resistance, which is frequently used in the aerospace industry, and third generation AA2050-T84 with low density, high fracture toughness, and high hardness strength is distorted due to high chip removal volumes during machining. During machining, depending on the cutting parameters, the cutting forces and high heat transfer during machining cause residual stresses to accumulate on the bulk material. Residual stresses are one of the main causes of distortion theory and one of the most important factors that increase the scrap rate in the machining industry. The observation of a higher risk of distortion in high-volume removal processes such as turning, drilling, milling, etc. has led to the optimization of cutting parameters with a view to reduce the residual stress. In AA7050-T7451 and AA2050-T84, high cutting forces and heat transfer movements vary depending on the material microstructure as well as the spindle speed, feed, cutting type, and cutting tool parameters. The aim of this review is to examine the microstructures and the causes of distortion during the milling of Al alloys, especially AA7050-T7451 and AA2050-T84 for using the aerostructures. The distortions during machining are influenced by the microstructure of the materials, the type of cutter due to chemical reactions, and the cutting parameters due to the heat and cutting forces generated. It can be observed and improved by machining variables such as chip morphology, cutting force analysis, and surface roughness. The effect of cutting parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate, and cutting speed on the distortion of AA7050-T7451 and AA2050-T84 are investigated. As a result, cutting parameters have a crucial effect on the residual stresses in AA7050-T7451 and AA2050-T84 materials.
Orientation effect and locational variation in elastic-plastic compressive properties of bovine cortical bone
Authors: Kalsi Sachin , Singh Jagjit , Saini Karan Vir , Sharma Nitin Kumar
Published: January 2025

Bone is a highly heterogeneous and anisotropic material with a hierarchical structure. The effect of diaphysis locations and directions of loading on elastic-plastic compressive properties of bovine femoral cortical bone was examined in this study. The impact of location and loading directions on elastic-plastic compressive properties of cortical bone was found to be statistically insignificant in this study. The variances of most of the compressive properties were also observed to be location and directionality independent except for the locational differences in modulus of resilience (distal to central for longitudinal loading) and plastic work (central to distal for transverse loading) as well as differences in variances of the modulus of resilience and elastic modulus values for two directions of loading. The micro-mechanisms of cortical bone failure for longitudinal and transverse directions of loading were considered to be responsible for the difference in variances in the later properties values as well as for the maximum and minimum coefficient of variation (CV) obtained for compressive properties in two directions of loading. The representative cubical volume at the tested hierarchical level contained all unique microstructural features of the plexiform bone and therefore produced the homogeneous and isotropic elastic-plastic compressive properties of cortical bone. It is expected that the outcome of this study may be helpful in the area of bone tissue engineering and finite element simulation of cortical bone.
Healthcare costs of systemic lupus erythematosus in New Zealand
Authors: Lao Chunhuan , Dantzig Philippa van , Tugnet Nicola , Lawrenson Ross , White Douglas
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aims to estimate the annual medical costs of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in New Zealand (NZ).

Methods

SLE patients were linked to the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Pharmaceutical Collection, National Minimum Dataset, National Non-Admitted Patients Collection and Mortality Collection. National direct medical costs of SLE in 2006-2021 and annual costs per patient were estimated. Generalized linear model was used to examine the impact of various factors on medical costs, including ethnicity, gender, age, socioeconomic status and presence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Results

The annual national costs of SLE were stable over time, around NZ$12 million. The average costs were NZ$8,324 (US$5,277, €5,011) per patient per year, with the costs for patients with ESKD being nine times higher than patients without ESKD (NZ$47,143 vs NZ$5,091). The costs per patient for Māori and Pacific were both around twice the costs for European/Others (NZ$13,124 and NZ$11,842 vs NZ$6,153), but the difference attenuated after adjustment for ESKD and other factors. Among patients without ESKD, Asian, males and patients living in the most deprived areas were associated with higher costs. For patients with ESKD, Māori and patients living in the most deprived areas had higher costs.

Conclusions

The annual national costs of SLE were stable over time. The increase in pharmaceutical costs were offset by decrease in hospitalisation costs. Costs for patients with ESKD were nine times higher than costs for patients without ESKD. Interventions for slowing the disease progression and preventing ESKD can reduce medical costs.
Experimental and numerical assessment of a high-performance electromagnetic vibration energy harvester in a double-deck railway tunnel
Authors: Ordoñez Victor , Liravi Hassan , Arcos Robert , Romeu Jordi , Noori Behshad
Published: January 2025

This paper evaluates the performance of an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester for powering wireless sensor networks in railway tunnels. A field test was conducted in a double-deck railway tunnel, measuring vibrations as well as the mechanical and electrical responses of a prototype of the harvester during 139 passing trains. Numerical simulations have been carried out to estimate the harvester’s output performance, from which a good agreement has been reached when comparing the experimental and simulated induced voltages. Using the validated model and measured vibration data, the harvester’s performance adopting a fully frequency-tuned resonant system for different implementation locations, such as the tunnel wall and the rail, has been simulated. Cumulative electrical energy generated by the harvester for different locations is presented for the total period of railway-induced vibration measurements. Maximum cumulative electrical energies of approximately 1805, 0.52, and 7838 mJ have been estimated to be generated by the harvester when placed on the interior floor, the wall, and the rail, respectively, in about 9 h of operation.
Risk factors of osteoporotic vertebral fracture cascade and the relationship between blood glucose control and fracture occurrence
Authors: Fan Yuyu , Qiao Junjie , Ding Lixiang , Song Hongxing , Hou Yu , Yi Meng , Fang Xiutong
Published: January 2025

Background

As the world's population ages, osteoporotic fractures have become a growing medical, social and economic problem.

Objective

Vertebral fractures (VFs) are the most common osteoporotic fractures and are a strong risk factor for subsequent VFs, leading to VF cascade (VFC). This study aimed to identify potential causes of and risk factors for VFC. At the same time, the factors influencing the time between fractures in patients with osteoporotic VFC were examined.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 889 patients diagnosed with osteoporotic vertebral fracture at Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2022.

Results

The study included 193 patients with VFC. The multifactorial risk analysis showed that the independent risk factors for VFC included a history of diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio, 1.635; p value = 0.016), a history of oral corticosteroid therapy (hazard ratio, 1.798; p value = 0.001), chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD, hazard ratio 1.666, p value = 0.036), thoracolumbar fracture (hazard ratio, 2.664, p value <0.001), and a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 (hazard ratio 1.421; p value = 0.045). Further study showed that glycated haemoglobin was also an important factor affecting the interval between fractures in patients with VFC.

Conclusion

Independent risk factors for VFC include a history of diabetes, prior oral corticosteroid therapy, COPD, thoracolumbar fracture, and BMI ≥ 28. The occurrence of fractures in the thoracolumbar segment is the most important risk factor. Additional research has shown that after the first vertebral fracture, the poorer the patient's blood sugar control, the faster the refracture rate.
HIF-1A Gene Polymorphisms are Associated With Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in COVID-19 Patients in Serbian Population
Authors: Ljujic Biljana , Maksimovic Nela , Damnjanovic Tatjana , Novakovic Ivana , Grk Milka , Gulic Milica , Dusanovic-Pjevic Marija , Popovska Jovicic Biljana , Rakovic Ivana , Gazdic Jankovic Marina , Miletic Kovacevic Marina , Jekic Biljana
Published: January 2025

The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is a major regulator of adaptive response to hypoxia, common in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, HIF-1 alpha regulates the expression of the most important proteins necessary for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of cells. The study included 129 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Genotypes of HIF-1A gene polymorphisms rs11549465 and rs2057482 were determined by the RT-PCR method. We have observed lower mean platelet counts in carriers of HIF-1A rs11549465CC genotype ( p = .050) and a significant association of thrombocytopenia with rs11549465CC/rs2057482CT HIF-1A genotypes combination ( p = .037) in the group of patients under the age of 40. HIF-1A rs11549465CC genotype and rs11549465CC/rs2057482CT genotype combination could be predictive markers for thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients. Identification of such predictive markers for severe disease may contribute to a more efficient response of health systems to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Identifying Components of an Enhanced Recovery Pathway for Primary Cleft Palate Repair: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gaule Richard , Jeger Jonathan , Nakhjavani Solmaz , Doyle Yvonne , Ryan Muireann , Gunn Jane , de Blacam Catherine
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to map the existing sources of evidence on perioperative care and recovery strategies for primary cleft palate repair, to identify elements that should be included in an enhanced recovery pathway (ERP), and to identify gaps in current knowledge.

Design

Scoping review.

Setting

ERPs are evidence-based, patient-centered, multimodal, perioperative care pathways designed to reduce surgical stress and improve postoperative outcomes and are increasingly being reported in the cleft lip and palate literature.

Interventions

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched. Results were uploaded to Covidence systematic review software. Studies were included for analysis if they described strategies or elements for enhanced recovery following primary cleft palate repair.

Main Outcome Measures

ERP elements and outcome measures were recorded and collated.

Results

Forty-seven studies were included. Frequently reported topics included anesthesia, peri-operative analgesia, and parent education. There was a dearth of evidence about peri-operative nursing care. Based on the extracted data, we propose that the following elements be included in any ERP for primary cleft palate repair: preoperative parent/caregiver education; minimization of preoperative fasting time; preoperative analgesia; local anesthetic nerve blocks; perioperative antibiotics and ondansetron; postoperative non-opioid analgesia; early postoperative oral feeding and discharge planning.

Conclusions

The findings provide the framework to develop an institutional ERP for primary cleft palate repair. The positive contribution of consistent nursing care to enhanced recovery is obvious but under-investigated in the literature to date. The impact of ERPs on parent-reported outcomes also warrants further investigation.
Multidisciplinary Oral Rehabilitation of Complex Frontonasal Dysplasia: A Case Report
Authors: Silva Roberta Costa e , Tonello Cristiano , Bastos José Carlos da Cunha , Azevedo Regina Magrini Guedes de , Zechi-Ceide Roseli Maria , Garib Daniela , Miranda Felicia , de Andrade Beatriz Martins , Henriques José Fernando Castanha , Peixoto Adriano Porto
Published: January 2025

This case report presents the multidisciplinary treatment of a male patient with a complex form of frontonasal dysplasia who presented with a 0 to 14 facial cleft, mild hypertelorism, absence of the nasal medial process of the nose, and frontonasal encephalocele. Cranial and plastic surgeries were performed to correct hypertelorism and improve the esthetic appearance of the frontonasal region. In the permanent dentition, the patient presented a Class II, division 1 malocclusion with severe maxillary constriction and bilateral posterior crossbite. Comprehensive orthodontic treatment started at 12 years of age and included rapid maxillary expansion followed by fixed appliance. Orthognathic surgery was performed at 21 years of age involving a forward movement of both maxilla and mandible. After debonding, veneers were made in maxillary anterior teeth to improve tooth shape and Bolton discrepancies. An improvement in facial esthetics and an adequate final occlusion were achieved. Multidisciplinary treatment was essential for morphological rehabilitation and social inclusion in patients with rare craniofacial anomalies.
Primary Rhinoplasty for Unilateral Cleft Lip: A Long-Term Cohort Assessment of Aesthetic and Anthropometric Outcomes
Authors: Ng Jinggang J. , Banala Manisha , Sussman Jonathan H. , Massenburg Benjamin B. , Wu Meagan , Romeo Dominic J. , Jackson Oksana A. , Low David W. , Taylor Jesse A. , Swanson Jordan W.
Published: January 2025

The decision to undertake rhinoplasty maneuvers during cleft lip repair remains controversial. Little data compare long-term outcomes with and without primary rhinoplasty (PR). This study compared nasolabial outcomes in cohorts with unilateral cleft lip (UCL) treated with and without PR at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia using standardized aesthetic and anthropometric assessments.

Retrospective cohort study.

Tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Patients who underwent lip repair for UCL.

Cleft lip repair with and without PR.

Anthropometric analyses and crowdsourced aesthetic assessments using Americleft nasolabial appearance reference scales and pairwise comparisons.

Among 208 patients, 155 (74.5%) and 53 (25.5%) underwent lip repair with and without PR at 4.5 ± 1.1 months. Primary rhinoplasty (β = 0.345, P = .037) and a lower Cleft Lip Severity Index (β = −0.341, P < .001) predicted superior pairwise rank at 4.9 ± 1.9 years of age. History of PR predicted decreased columellar deviation angle (CDA) (β = −2.375, P = .019) and improved nostril symmetry (β = 0.111, P = .038). Increased columellar-labial angle ( r = 0.27, P = .002), improved nostril symmetry ( r = −0.23, P = .01), and decreased CDA ( r = −0.45, P < .001) correlated with superior ratings. Patients with ˂20 days of postoperative nasal stenting had inferior lateral ratings (2.4 ± 0.6 vs 2.1 ± 0.5, P = .005). Those who underwent surgery at ˂5.3 months had inferior nasal projection (Goode's ratio 0.56 ± 0.09 vs 0.62 ± 0.08, P = .006).

Primary rhinoplasty for UCL offers superior aesthetic results in early childhood by layperson and anthropometric assessments. Specific improved characteristics from PR—CDA and nostril symmetry—most greatly influence layperson perception of nasal appearance. Older age at surgery predicted increased nasal projection, while prolonged nasal stenting predicted superior profile appearance.
Understanding Access to Care: Factors Influencing Patient Attendance at Craniofacial Speech Evaluations
Authors: Heister Camryn , Dillon Katherine , Brady Colin , Soldanska Magdalena , Williams Joseph K. , Mason Kazlin
Published: January 2025

Evaluate predictors for attendance and adherence to speech evaluations and determine factors that influence longitudinal care for patients with cleft palate and craniofacial differences.

Retrospective, observational cohort study.

Tertiary children’s hospital.

Eight hundred and eighty newborns receiving care between 2014 and 2022 were included in the study sample for longitudinal assessment of appointment adherence. Participants were included if they had a cleft-related diagnosis, were scheduled for an initial speech evaluation between 1 and 3 years old, were scheduled for follow-up speech evaluations between 3 and 6 years old, and had demographic, diagnostic, and clinical data in their charts.

Variables of interest included demographic data, diagnostic criteria, insurance data, distance to clinic, speech/resonance characteristics, hard/soft palate integrity, and surgical data. Chi-square analyses, independent sample t-tests, and descriptive statistics were conducted to identify characteristics of those who attended appointments and those who did not. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors predictive of appointment adherence over time.

A total of 66.9% of patients attended the initial speech evaluation. A total of 50.6% of participants adhered to follow-up appointments. Distance to clinic ( P = .018), insurance type ( P < .001), and cleft type ( P < .001) influenced initial speech evaluation attendance. For follow-up appointment adherence, cleft type ( P < .001) was the strongest predictor pre-pandemic, while severity of velopharyngeal function ( P = .037) strongly predicted adherence during the pandemic.

Appointment adherence is multifactorial and driven by geographic, demographic, and clinical variables. Identifying barriers to care may improve appointment adherence for those with speech/resonance needs and prevent patients from being lost to follow-up.
Forging the Future: Reconfiguring Value Chains Through Circular Economy Meta-Organizing
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M. , Patala Samuli , Ovaska Jukka-Pekka
Published: January 2025

Transforming linear value chains toward circularity is rife with challenges, like valorizing materials and building supply relationships. Meta-organizations, organizations with organizations as members, may help alleviate these challenges. They can facilitate sustainability transitions by mobilizing collective action, but less is known about their potential for reconfiguring value chains toward circularity. We explore this by conducting a qualitative case study of two meta-organizations for textile circularity. Our findings reveal five key collective activities for reconfiguring value chains toward circularity through meta-organizing: setting material agendas, balancing membership openness and closedness, brokering new relationships among organizations, facilitating material-based platforms, and opening new material opportunities. The first three activities worked in parallel toward two outcomes that enabled material-based platforms and new material opportunities: circular co-experimentation and localized circular supply chain development. Our findings strengthen our understandings of how meta-organizations can build new links across industries and sectors, enabling value chain reconfiguration and broader systemic transitions.
Experiential learning amid disequilibrium: Attuning to student emotions
Authors: O’Flanagan Sinead E , Y Jester Michellana
Published: January 2025

Educators recognize the significant role emotions play in experiential learning (EL), particularly in how they support students through the inherent emotion work. However, the traditional design of experiential learning theory (ELT) in higher education (HE) often presupposes a stable environment, which overlooks the impact of unpredictable external factors on students’ emotions and learning. Despite its critical importance, emotion work in EL remains underexplored, with emotional dynamics often obscured or dismissed as isolated incidents. This study sheds light on the heightened emotional challenges that arise during periods of sustained disequilibrium, such as the COVID-19-induced restrictions. It provides novel insights into the dynamic interplay of emotions and learning progression within EL frameworks, drawing on perspectives from EL educators, advisors, and students. The research underscores the importance of emotion-focused dialogue, educator-student connection, and assimilating autonomy needs in EL amid disequilibrium. It also identifies often-neglected elements in EL frameworks, such as students “sharing struggles” or “valuing work efforts,” alongside educator strategies like “personal anchoring.” The findings contribute to ELT by proposing adaptive strategies that integrate emotion work into pedagogical frameworks, enhancing reflection and conceptualization practices, and extending ELT’s applicability across diverse educational and work-based management learning settings.
A social psychological investigation of “Anti-nationalism” in contemporary India – A media analysis
Authors: Ghosh Rachana , Bansal Parul
Published: January 2025

The paper aims to explore the consensual and dissident social representations of “anti-national” that has re-entered the media lexicon in India post an alleged “anti-national” student protest in Jawaharlal Nehru University in the capital city of Delhi, India on February 9, 2016. The Social Representation Theory (SRT) is used to analyze the selected media reports of six daily newspapers, three each in English and Hindi language for a period of one year subsequent to the event. Results of thematic anchoring and anchoring by antinomy, a methodology used by Birgitta Höijer, are reported. The results reveal how the intergroup tensions and ideological differences in the polity constitute the conflicting social thinking on the referent. The paper has global implication for opening the possibilities of negotiation and transformation of social meanings related to nationalism and anti-nationalism.
From crisis to recovery: The dynamic transformation of Wuhan's destination image and the power of affective memories
Authors: Zhang (张静儒) Jingru , Shi (施媛媛) Yuanyuan
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the transformation of Wuhan's destination image during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, employing a mixed-method approach to underscore the critical role of affective memories. Study 1 involved using cross-sequential qualitative data ( N = 2950) to portray structural changes in Wuhan's destination image during and after the crisis. Study 2 involved using retrospective questionnaires ( N = 289) to examine the mutual influence of different components of destination image over time and how these factors further affect travel intention. From a longitudinal perspective, the findings reveal the dialectical nature of the impact of the crisis on Wuhan's destination image and the power of the narrative of hope in reshaping it in the post-crisis era. The research underscores the dimensional specificity of destination image change following the pandemic and elucidates the distinctive role of affective memories in the reformulation of destination image over an extended period.
Seizing the opportunity to therapeutically address neuronal hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Barker-Haliski Melissa
Published: January 2025

Seizures in people with Alzheimer's disease are increasingly recognized to worsen disease burden and accelerate functional decline. Harnessing established antiseizure medicine discovery strategies in rodents with Alzheimer's disease associated risk genes represents a novel way to uncover disease modifying treatments that may benefit these Alzheimer's disease patients. This commentary discusses the recent evaluation by Dejakaisaya and colleagues to assess the antiseizure and disease-modifying potential of the repurposed cephalosporin antibiotic, ceftriaxone, in the Tg2576 mouse model. The use of established epilepsy models in Alzheimer's disease research carries the potential to advance novel disease-modifying treatments.
The use of a decision-making tool to optimise physiotherapy practice for patients following chest trauma: Impact on patient and hospital outcomes
Authors: Calthorpe Sara , Webb Melissa J , Kimmel Lara A
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Physiotherapy management for patients with blunt chest wall trauma is key for improving respiratory and functional status. Utilising a physiotherapy-specific treatment decision-making pathway, based on risk assessment, may optimise resource use and improve patient-based outcomes.

Methods

Patients with blunt chest trauma admitted to the trauma ward of a level 1 trauma centre were triaged utilising the STUMBL score (a risk assessment tool specific for blunt chest trauma) and managed as per a treatment algorithm whereby high-risk patients received intensive physiotherapy. Demographic data were described and analysis of patient and hospital outcomes was undertaken comparing the low and high risk groups. A regression analysis was completed to review the association between the groups and length of stay (LOS), taking into account confounding factors.

Results

Over the 10-month period beginning in November 2020, there were 539 patients admitted following chest trauma of which 333 (62%) were stratified as high-risk. These high-risk patients were older, more likely to be frail and live alone and more likely to have an ICU admission. There was a similar rate of discharge home across both groups ( p = 0.55) and there was no difference between groups in the hospital LOS of patients after accounting for the confounders.

Conclusion

Utilising a physiotherapy decision-making algorithm based on risk assessment can facilitate the targeting of high-risk patients to receive intensive physiotherapy. This high-risk group showed similar rates of discharge home despite being a more frail, elderly population with a greater ICU admission rate. The algorithm was easy to use and may be an avenue for improved resource utilisation.
Analysis of Euler’s equations for a symmetric rigid body subject to time-dependent gyrostatic torque
Authors: Amer T. S. , Elneklawy A. H. , El-Kafly H. F.
Published: January 2025

This paper’s main investigation is based on approaching a new solution for the nonlinear Euler’s equations that govern the motion of a rigid body (RB), which is close to Lagrange’s case. The RB is rotating under the influence of two external torques; the gyrostatic torque (GT) and the RB’s constant fixed torques (RBCFTs). The governing equations of motion (EOMs) have been derived and scaled to be decoupled and solved in a complex form. The novel analytical solutions for the angular velocities have been approached and visualized with the help of a mathematical program (Wolfram Mathematica 13.2). The effect of the GT and the RBCFT on these obtained solutions has been presented. In addition, the phase portraits which are a way to visualize the stability and periodicity of the system’s angular velocities have also been explored. These outcomes could help illustrate how GT plays a role in controlling the stability and dynamics of rotating RBs. The importance of this study can significantly affect the stability and control of various mechanical and aerospace systems. Its applications include the design of gyroscopes, spacecraft attitude control, and navigation systems where precise motion control is critical. Understanding this phenomenon helps engineers create more efficient, stable, and reliable systems in fields such as robotics, aviation, and space exploration.