bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alarmierungen der Berliner Notfallrettung zu obdachlosen Frequent
Usern
Authors: Breuer Florian , Pommerenke Christopher , Wollenhaupt Lisa , Poloczek Stefan
Published: January 2020

Hintergrund Obdachlose stellen eine besonders vulnerable Gruppe dar. Mit
Obdachlosigkeit gehen viele zusätzliche Risiken einher, die auch Auswirkungen
auf die Gesundheit haben. Viele Obdachlose suchen vermehrt Notaufnahmen auf.
Eine Rolle spielt hier insbesondere die Kombination aus einer
Abhängigkeitserkrankung mit einem psychischen Leiden.

Methodik Die Arbeit untersucht das Vorkommen und die Eigenschaften von
obdachlosen Frequent Usern im Rettungsdienst. Weiterhin wird die räumliche
Verteilung betrachtet. Es wurde ein Zeitraum von einem Jahr anhand der Daten des
Einsatzleitsystems betrachtet und ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse In einem Zeitraum von 12 Monaten wurden 131 obdachlose
Patienten als High Frequent User (7 – 10 Einsätze/Jahr) und Super Frequent User
(≥ 11 Einsätze/Jahr) identifiziert, wobei der Anteil an Super Frequent Usern
überwiegt. Insgesamt wurden durch diese 2021 Einsätze verursacht. Die Patienten
waren im Durchschnitt 45,6 Jahre alt und zu 81% männlichen Geschlechts.
Alarmierungen erfolgten insbesondere zum Stichwort „Intoxikation“ oder zum
„Psychiatrischen Notfall“. Zu Einsätzen kam es wiederholt an bestimmten „Hot
Spots“, es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich Einsätze insbesondere in bestimmten
lebensweltlich orientierten Räumen (LOR) konzentrieren.

Diskussion Einsätze in Zusammenhang mit obdachlosen Frequent Usern sind
zahlenmäßig durchaus relevant. Obwohl es verschiedene aufsuchende Systeme,
insbesondere durch Wohlfahrtsverbände, zur medizinischen Versorgung gibt,
scheinen sie diese Patientengruppe nicht zu erreichen. Eine Anbindung
aufsuchender Sozialarbeit an die Notfallrettung, wie bereits in anderen Ländern
erprobt, könnte insbesondere im Bereich von „Hot Spots“ zu einer Reduktion der
Einsätze beitragen.
Clinical Characteristics and Follow-Up Results of Adrenal Incidentaloma
Authors: Yilmaz Nusret , Avsar Esin , Tazegul Gokhan , Sari Ramazan , Altunbas Hasan , Balci Mustafa Kemal
Published: January 2020

It is recommended that adrenal incidentaloma patients should be monitored for radiological changes, increase in size and new functionality that may occur in the future, even if they are benign and nonfunctional at the initial evaluation. Our aim is to evaluate the key clinical characteristics of adrenal incidentaloma patients focusing on changes during follow-up and associated clinical outcomes. A total of 755 patients (median age: 56 years), with an adrenal incidentaloma > 1 cm and underwent functionality tests, were included in the study. Clinical characteristics, functionality status and follow-up durations were recorded. During the course of follow-up, any changes in size and development of new functionality, and clinical consequences thereof were evaluated. In 71.8% of patients, incidentalomas were non-functional. Most frequent functionality (15.8%, n=119) was subclinical hypercortisolemia (SH) [10.9% (n=82) possible autonomous cortisol secretion (PACS) and 4.9% (n=37) autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS)] of all incidentalomas. Frequencies of Cushing’s syndrome (CS), pheochromacytoma and primary hyperaldosteronism were 4.9% (n=37), 3.8% (n=29) and 3.7% (n=28), respectively. Adrenocortical carcinoma frequency was 1.5% (n=11). Of 755 patients, 43% (n=325) were followed up regularly more than 6 months. Median follow-up duration was 24 months (6–120). A total of 17 (5.2%) patients, which had non-functional incidentalomas at baseline had developed new functionality during follow-up, of which 15 (4.6%) were SH [13 patients (4%) PACS and 2 patients (0.6%) ACS] and 2 (0.6%) were CS. During follow-up, 24% (n=78) of the patients had an increase in mass size between 5–9 mm, while 11.7% (n=38) of the patients had an increase of ≥10 mm. During follow-up, 4% (n=13) of the patients developed a new lesion with a diameter ≥10 mm on the opposite side. In patients with a follow-up duration of more than 2 years, frequencies of size increase and new lesion emerging at the opposite adrenal gland were higher. 14 patients (4.3% of the patients with regular follow-up) underwent surgery due to increase in size or development of new functionality during follow-up. Our study demonstrated that a necessity for surgery may arise due to increase in size and development of functionality during follow-up period in adrenal incidentaloma patients, and thus continuing patient follow-up, even with wider intervals, will be appropriate.
Semi-Industrial Fluorination of β-Keto Esters with SF4: Safety vs Efficacy
Authors: Trofymchuk Serhii A. , Kliukovskyi Denys V. , Semenov Sergey V. , Khairulin Andrii R. , Shevchenko Valerii O. , Bugera Maksym Y. , Tarasenko Karen V. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Ryabukhin Sergey V.
Published: January 2020

The possibility of deoxofluorination of β-keto esters using SF4 was investigated. The scope and limitation of the reaction were determined. The efficient method for the synthesis of β,β-difluorocarboxylic acids was elaborated based on the reaction. The set of mentioned acids, being the perspective building blocks for medicinal chemistry, were synthesized on multigram scale. The safety of SF4 use was discussed. The described method does not improve upon the safety of using SF4, but practical recommendations for working with the reagent are proposed. Despite the hazards of using toxic SF4, a significant increase of efficacy in the synthesis of medicinal-chemistry-relevant building blocks, based on the reaction, in comparison with earlier described approaches is shown.
Neurotrauma at AIIMS Raipur: An Overview
Authors: Kumar Anil , Nayak Nitish , Nasre Vaibhav
Published: January 2020

All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur was established by an act of Parliament in 2003 under PMSSY (Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojna). The Department of Neurosurgery at AIIMS, Raipur, was started on September 4, 2017. In this article, we would like to highlight the resources (manpower, infrastructure) available for neurotrauma, the challenges ahead, and vision for future.
Non-isolated conventional DC-DC converter comparison for a photovoltaic system: A review
Authors: Jotham Jeremy L. , Ooi Chia Ai , Teh Jiashen
Published: January 2020

The output power from a photovoltaic (PV) system varies due to its high dependency on the surrounding irradiance and temperature. To overcome this, a maximum power point (MPP) tracker is used alongside a DC-DC converter to track the varying power. The purpose of the DC-DC converter is to interface the PV system to the load on the grid or a standalone system by balancing the power between them. Selection of the appropriate DC-DC converter is essential because it plays an important role in the overall performance of the PV system. In this paper, various nonisolated conventional DC-DC converter topologies are reviewed, compared, and discussed. The review and discussion of each converter are based on the recent development of converters in terms of efficiency, steady state oscillation, number of components, voltage transfer, and tracking speed. The advantages and disadvantages of the recent topologies within this scope are also highlighted in this paper. A simulation work has been performed to validate the performance of all the reviewed converters using the perturb and observe MPP tracking algorithm under different sets of irradiance and temperature. Finally, this paper also provides a selection method to select the best converter in a stand-alone PV system.
A novel high power vacuum diode with a focusing electrode for effective operation in a low guiding magnetic field
Authors: Wu Xiaoling , Chen Changhua , Teng Yan , Wu Ping , Shi Yanchao , Yang Dewen , Song Zhimin , Wang Dongyang , Sun Jun
Published: January 2020

A novel diode featuring an annular cathode and a ring-shaped focusing electrode and operating in a low guiding magnetic field (GMF) has been developed. It was found that the breakdown threshold for a focusing electrode made of titanium was 140 kV/cm higher than a stainless steel electrode for the same operating conditions. Comparison of the diode current measured by a Rogowski coil and the beam current measured by a Faraday cup at the collector indicated that an intense relativistic electron beam was transmitted effectively even in a GMF of as low as 0.21 T. In addition, a photo of the cathode plasma and the targeting results indicated that the emission uniformity of the graphite cathode was satisfactory.
Cyclic tensile machine with wide speed range for in situ neutron/X-ray scattering study on elastomers
Authors: Tian Nan , Wang Tingting , Tu Xiaoqing , Shui Yue , Ju Jianzhu , Sun Guangai , Liu Dong
Published: January 2020

A tensile machine is designed for in situ scattering investigation of elastomers in the cyclic tensile process. The specimen is stretched by two linearly moving clamps in the opposite direction; thus, the center of the specimen is kept stationary during the tensile test. With this configuration, either X-ray scattering or neutron scattering can be carried out easily. A high speed direct current motor is used to drive the machine, providing a wide tensile speed range from 1.28 × 10−3 mm/s to 102.4 mm/s. Cyclic tension is achieved by program controlled motor rotation, and the engineering stress–strain curve can be saved automatically in each cycle. Moreover, an independent displacement sensor is used to check the possible accumulative error of position during cyclic tension. The orientation change of multiwall carbon nanotube filled silicon rubber is investigated by small angle neutron scattering to test the machine, which shows that the machine is capable of combining the cyclic tensile test with in situ scattering measurement.
Effects of fast back-fusion of charge transfer excimers on magneto-photocurrent in organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Nikiforov D. , Khachatryan B. , Tessler N. , Ehrenfreund E.
Published: January 2020

We report the magnetic field dependence of the magneto-photocurrent (MPC) in organic light emitting diodes made of homo-polymer organic layers and compare it to the measured magneto-conductance (MC) in the same diodes. We find that the response MPC(B) is very different from MC(B) in at least two respects. (a) The low field (B < 50 mT) response of MPC(B) is narrower by a factor of ∼5 from that of MC(B). (b) At high fields (B > 4 T), MPC(B) has a stronger dependence on B, d(MPC)/dB ∼ 5d(MC)/dB. We attribute these differences to a unique feature of charge transfer excimers that are responsible for MPC: sub-ns fast fusion back to singlet excitons and slow (ns to μs) dissociation to free charges. In contrast, MC(B) is determined by long lived (>10 ns) polaron pairs having singlet and triplet dissociation rates of the same order.
Time-resolved temperature-jump measurements and steady-state thermal imaging of nanoscale heat transfer of gold nanostructures on AlGaN:Er3+ thin films
Authors: Shrestha Kristina , Vicente Juvinch R. , Miandashti Ali Rafiei , Chen Jixin , Richardson Hugh H.
Published: January 2020

For a nanostructure sitting on top of an AlGaN:Er3+ thin film, a new thermal imaging technique is presented where dual cameras collect bandpass filtered videos from the H and S bands of Er3+ emission. We combine this thermal imaging technique with our newly developed time-resolved temperature measurement technique which relies on luminescence thermometry using Er3+ emission. This technique collects time-resolved traces from the H and S bands of Er3+ emission. The H and S signal traces are then used to reconstruct the time-resolved temperature transient when a nanostructure is illuminated with a pulsed 532 nm light. Two different types of samples are interrogated with these techniques (drop-casted gold nanosphere cluster and lithographically prepared gold nanodot) on the AlGaN:Er3+ film. Steady-state and time-resolved temperature data are collected when the samples are immersed in air and water. The results of time-resolved temperature-jump measurements from a cluster of gold nanospheres show extremely slow heat transfer when the cluster is immersed in water and nearly 200-fold increase when immersed in air. The low thermal diffusivity for the cluster in water suggests poor thermal contact between the cluster and the thermal bath. The lithographically prepared nanodot has much better adhesion to the AlGaN film, resulting in much higher thermal diffusivity in both air and water. This proof-of-concept demonstration opens a new way to measure the dynamics of the local heat generation and dissipation at the nanoparticle-media interface.
Arbitrary control of the diffusion potential between a plasmonic metal and a semiconductor by an angstrom-thick interface dipole layer
Authors: Oshikiri Tomoya , Sawayanagi Hiroki , Nakamura Keisuke , Ueno Kosei , Katase Takayoshi , Ohta Hiromichi , Misawa Hiroaki
Published: January 2020

Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) are gaining considerable attention due to the unique far-field and near-field optical properties and applications. Additionally, the Fermi energy, which is the chemical potential, of plasmonic nanoparticles is one of the key properties to control hot-electron and -hole transfer at the interface between plasmonic nanoparticles and a semiconductor. In this article, we tried to control the diffusion potential of the plasmonic system by manipulating the interface dipole. We fabricated solid-state photoelectric conversion devices in which gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) are located between strontium titanate (SrTiO3) as an electron transfer material and nickel oxide (NiO) as a hole transport material. Lanthanum aluminate as an interface dipole layer was deposited on the atomic layer scale at the three-phase interface of Au-NPs, SrTiO3, and NiO, and the effect was investigated by photoelectric measurements. Importantly, the diffusion potential between the plasmonic metal and a semiconductor can be arbitrarily controlled by the averaged thickness and direction of the interface dipole layer. The insertion of an only one unit cell (uc) interface dipole layer, whose thickness was less than 0.5 nm, dramatically controlled the diffusion potential formed between the plasmonic nanoparticles and surrounding media. This is a new methodology to control the plasmonic potential without applying external stimuli, such as an applied potential or photoirradiation, and without changing the base materials. In particular, it is very beneficial for plasmonic devices in that the interface dipole has the ability not only to decrease but also to increase the open-circuit voltage on the order of several hundreds of millivolts.
Extension of frozen natural orbital approximation to open-shell references: Theory, implementation, and application to single-molecule magnets
Authors: Pokhilko Pavel , Izmodenov Daniil , Krylov Anna I.
Published: January 2020

Natural orbitals are often used to achieve a more compact representation of correlated wave-functions. Using natural orbitals computed as eigenstates of the virtual–virtual block of the state density matrix instead of the canonical Hartree–Fock orbitals results in smaller errors when the same fraction of virtual space is frozen. This strategy, termed frozen natural orbital (FNO) approach, is effective in reducing the cost of regular coupled-cluster (CC) calculations and some multistate methods, such as EOM-IP-CC (equation-of-motion CC for ionization potentials). This contribution extends the FNO approach to the EOM-SF-CC ansatz (EOM-CC with spin-flip). In contrast to EOM-IP-CCSD, EOM-SF-CCSD relies on high-spin open-shell references. Using FNOs computed for an open-shell reference leads to an erratic behavior of the EOM-SF-CC energies and properties due to an inconsistent truncation of the α and β orbital spaces. A general solution to problems arising in the EOM-CC calculations utilizing open-shell references, termed OSFNO (open-shell FNO), is proposed. By means of singular value decomposition (SVD) of the overlap matrix of the α and β orbitals, the OSFNO algorithm identifies the corresponding orbitals and determines virtual orbitals corresponding to the singly occupied space. This is followed by SVD of the singlet part of the state density matrix in the remaining virtual orbital subspace. The so-computed FNOs preserve the spin purity of the open-shell orbital subspace to the extent allowed by the original reference, thus facilitating a safe truncation of the virtual space. The performance of OSFNO is benchmarked for selected diradicals and triradicals.
Magnetic properties, magnetocaloric effect and refrigeration performance in RE60Al20Ni20 (RE = Tm, Er and Ho) amorphous ribbons
Authors: Zhang Yikun , Guo Dan , Wu Bingbing , Wang Haifeng , Guan Renguo , Li Xi , Ren Zhongming
Published: January 2020

Rare-earth based amorphous alloys with promising glass forming ability (GFA) and considerable magnetocaloric effect (MCE) are extensively exploited for magnetic refrigeration (MR) materials. Here, the GFA, magnetic properties, MCE, and refrigeration performance of RE60Al20Ni20 (RE = Tm, Er, and Ho) amorphous ribbons were investigated. A magnetic phase transition (paramagnetic to ferromagnetic, second-order) with ignorable field and thermal hysteresis was found around TC ∼ 4.4 K for Tm60Al20Ni20, ∼9.5 K for Er60Al20Ni20, and ∼17.9 K for Ho60Al20Ni20. For a field change ΔH = 50 kOe, the MCE parameters of the maximal magnetic entropy change (around their own TC) and relative cooling power are 14.1 J/kg K and 235 J/kg for Tm60Al20Ni20, 14.3 J/kg K and 372 J/kg for Er60Al20Ni20, and 12.4 J/kg K and 460 J/kg for Ho60Al20Ni20. In addition, the temperature averaged entropy change at ΔTlift (temperature span) of 2 K and 5 K is investigated, very close values and similar field dependence with magnetic entropy change indicating that RE60Al20Ni20 (RE = Tm, Er, and Ho) has potential applications in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.
Smoke-free hospital grounds
Authors: Malone Victoria , McLennan James , Hedger David
Published: January 2020

This study investigated whether the implementation of a multicomponent intervention project could improve compliance with the New South Wales (NSW) Health smoke-free healthcare policy. Environmental interventions were implemented on the hospital grounds for a 12-week period. Compliance was measured by a pre- and postintervention observational count of smokers on the hospital grounds. After implementation, there was a significant 73% reduction in people smoking on the hospital grounds, indicating improved compliance with the NSW smoke-free healthcare policy through the use of a non-punitive multicomponent intervention.
What is known about the topic?Lack of compliance with the NSW Health smoke-free healthcare policy was reflected by the large numbers of smokers outside the front of an inner-city hospital in Sydney, Australia. This issue had been raised by staff, patients and visitors as an ongoing problem requiring a solution.
What does this paper add?Designing and implementing a non-punitive multicomponent intervention using modelling, operant and associative learning principles can successfully increase compliance with policies designed to stop smoking on hospital grounds.
What are the implications for practitioners?Implementing non-punitive multicomponent interventions to improve compliance with the NSW Health smoke-free healthcare policy may increase patients’ acceptance of smoking cessation support when offered. Healthcare staff need to be equipped with the knowledge and confidence to offer this support.
Turnover is replaced by nestedness with increasing geographical distance in bacterial communities of coastal shallow lakes
Authors: Lima Marla Sonaira , Schneck Fabiana , Haig They Ng , Oliveira Crossetti Luciane , Bohnenberger Juliana Elisa , McMahon Katherine D. , da Motta Marques David
Published: January 2020

In this study we measured the relative contribution of two components of β-diversity, turnover and nestedness, of bacterioplankton among 25 shallow lakes in southern Brazil and tested their relationship with local (environment, chlorophyll-a and biomass of phytoplanktonic classes) and landscape variables, as well as geographical distance. We predicted that turnover would be the largest share of total β-diversity due to the variation of local characteristics among lakes. Further, we expected nestedness to increase at the expense of turnover with increasing geographical distance among lakes due to dispersal limitation. The results indicated a higher contribution of turnover than nestedness to total β-diversity, which was driven by local factors. When the relationship between β-diversity components and the spatial extent between each lake and all other lakes was considered, turnover was replaced by nestedness with increasing geographical distance for 8 (the furthermost lakes) of the 25 lakes likely because of a combination of decreasing dispersal due to distance and richness differences due to wind-driven mass effects. The results of this study suggest a role for nestedness as an indicator of dispersal limitation owing to geographical distance and wind dispersal, and for turnover as an indicator of species sorting because of environmental filters for these freshwater bacterial communities.
Ritual frames
Authors: Kádár Dániel Z. , House Juliane
Published: January 2020

Our study provides a corpus-based contrastive pragmatic investigation of the expressions please in English and
qing 请 in Chinese. We define such expressions as ‘ritual
frame indicating expressions’ (henceforth RFIEs) and argue that RFIEs are deployed in settings where it is important to show
awareness of the rights and obligations. ‘Ritual frame’ encompasses a cluster of standard situations. On the one hand the
corpus-based investigation of ritual provides an innovative complement to sociopragmatic approaches to ritual behaviour because
they reveal how RFIEs that indicate ritual spread across a cluster of standard situations. On the other hand, it allows the
researcher to contrast the scope of ritual across lingua-cultures by comparatively looking into the standard situations in which a
particular RFIE is deployed. Findings of our data analysis point to intriguing differences between English and Chinese RFIEs, as
well as relevant lingua-cultural reasons behind such differences.
Traces of language contact in intonation
Authors: Uth Melanie
Published: January 2020

This article deals with the intonational realization of
contrastive focus in Yucatecan Spanish. Data from three recent elicitation
studies with a total of ten bilingual speakers of Yucatecan Spanish (YS) and
Yucatec Maya (YM) and five monolingual speakers of YS suggest that contrastive
focus in the Yucatecan Spanish variant spoken by the Spanish-dominant and
monolingual speakers is mostly signaled by means of a high pitch early in the
intonation phrase (IP) followed by a fall to the final stressed syllable of a
contrasted word. In this respect, the established YS variety crucially differs
from standard Mexican Spanish (MS), where the stressed syllable of a contrastive
constituent is generally associated with an L+H* pitch accent (cf. de-la-Mota, Martín Butragueño & Prieto.
2010). However, the systematicity described above only shows up in
the data produced by the Spanish-dominant and monolingual YS speakers, whereas
the balanced bilingual data is characterized by much higher idiosyncratic
variation. This fact suggests that the development of intonational systems is
also a matter of consolidation or strengthening of features.
Political vs. linguistic borders
Authors: Congosto Martín Yolanda
Published: January 2020

This paper analyses and studies the melodic behavior of five
female informants of Mexican origin or descent, three of them residents in the
city of Los Angeles in the United States, and two in Mexico, one in Mexico City
and the other in Puebla. There are two main objectives: firstly, to contribute
to the prosodic description of Mexican Spanish on both sides of the political
border between both countries (declarative statements and neutral absolute
interrogatives), and secondly, to verify the continuity between the
Mexican-American intonation of LA and that of MX Mexican. We followed the
methodology developed by the research groups that make up Amper-Mexico and
Amper-California Los Angeles, within the framework of the international AMPER
project.
Some aspects of dependency in Otto Jespersen’s structural syntax
Authors: Cigana Lorenzo
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to challenge the assumption according to which
Otto Jespersen’s syntactic model represents an anticipation of the immediate
constituent analysis. In our opinion, there are elements that rather align
with a more dependency-oriented framework, as it is the case of Jespersen’s
notorious theory of three ranks (1913, 1921, 1937). This was
developed over more than twenty years and was meant to constitute the
necessary presupposition (and thus the theoretical base) for the very
distinction between junction and nexus,
grounding it on a pure functional base. Albeit not always consistently or
exhaustively fleshed out, the theory of three ranks
represents one of Jespersen’s most interesting ideas. The model will be
described in detail, focusing on the latest and more formalized version
given in
Analytic Syntax
(1937), by discussing the notation adopted and checking if it
fits the five basic requirements for a dependency-based model, as per Mazziotta & Kahane (2017).
Finally, it will be shown how Jespersen’s model was taken over by Louis
Hjelmslev (1928), in order to develop a purely relations-oriented
morphosyntactic theory.
Pilgrimages to terror: the role of heritage in dark sites.
Authors: Korstanje M. E. , Howie L.
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the limitations and caveats framed into the specialized literature on tourism and terrorism, focusing particularly on the capacity of terrorism to produce what is termed 'thanatopsis', or contemplations of death, which is the main commodity or experience at dark-related sites. It is argued that the use of dark tourism as heritage may help communities to begin the process of resiliency and healing, but at the same time runs the risk of the same community forgetting the real reasons behind a traumatic event. This, then, opens the door to a moral dilemma, in considering that acts of terrorism eventually become sources of profit for dark tourism destinations.
Dark heritage as a basis for dark tourism development in Slovenia.
Authors: Kužnik L. , Grafenauer B.
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines how the students of the Higher Vocational College for Hospitality, Wellness and Tourism (Bled, Slovenia) understand the concept of dark tourism, and explores their views relating to possibilities for the development of dark tourism in Slovenia. More particularly, the chapter identifies the elements of dark heritage that the students perceived as having the greatest potential to be integrated into the dark tourism sector.
Visiting post-disaster ruins: a journey to meaningful experiences.
Authors: Zhang YaChen Zhang YaChen , Coghlan A. , Knox K.
Published: January 2020

Given the complex emotive responses to post-disaster tourism sites, this chapter aims to shed light on the multiple dimensions of tourists' experiences within a dark tourism context. Disaster tourism experiences of visitors to the Beichuan Earthquake Memorial in China are considered to test Packer and Ballantyne's Multifaceted Model of visitors' experience, with joyless aspects perhaps being the majority of the experience.
Dark visits.
Authors: Newton S.
Published: January 2020

The author of this chapter takes readers on a personal autobiographical journey and discusses his pilgrimages to dark sites, arguing that how a person frames dark tourism events and their distance from these events can lead to different experiences.
Determinants of ion selectivity in ASIC1a- and ASIC2a-containing acid-sensing ion channels
Authors: Lynagh Timothy , Flood Emelie , Boiteux Céline , Sheikh Zeshan Pervez , Allen Toby W. , Pless Stephan A.
Published: January 2020

Trimeric acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) contribute to neuronal signaling by converting extracellular acidification into excitatory sodium currents. Previous work with homomeric ASIC1a implicates conserved leucine (L7′) and consecutive glycine-alanine-serine (GAS belt) residues near the middle, and conserved negatively charged (E18′) residues at the bottom of the pore in ion permeation and/or selectivity. However, a conserved mechanism of ion selectivity throughout the ASIC family has not been established. We therefore explored the molecular determinants of ion selectivity in heteromeric ASIC1a/ASIC2a and homomeric ASIC2a channels using site-directed mutagenesis, electrophysiology, and molecular dynamics free energy simulations. Similar to ASIC1a, E18′ residues create an energetic preference for sodium ions at the lower end of the pore in ASIC2a-containing channels. However, and in contrast to ASIC1a homomers, ion permeation through ASIC2a-containing channels is not determined by L7′ side chains in the upper part of the channel. This may be, in part, due to ASIC2a-specific negatively charged residues (E59 and E62) that lower the energy of ions in the upper pore, thus making the GAS belt more important for selectivity. This is confirmed by experiments showing that the L7′A mutation has no effect in ASIC2a, in contrast to ASIC1a, where it eliminated selectivity. ASIC2a triple mutants eliminating both L7′ and upper charges did not lead to large changes in selectivity, suggesting a different role for L7′ in ASIC2a compared with ASIC1a channels. In contrast, we observed measurable changes in ion selectivity in ASIC2a-containing channels with GAS belt mutations. Our results suggest that ion conduction and selectivity in the upper part of the ASIC pore may differ between subtypes, whereas the essential role of E18′ in ion selectivity is conserved. Furthermore, we demonstrate that heteromeric channels containing mutations in only one of two ASIC subtypes provide a means of functionally testing mutations that render homomeric channels nonfunctional.
Final report of CCQM-K86.c. Relative quantification of genomic DNA fragments extracted from a biological tissue
Authors: Mester Zoltan , Corbisier Philippe , Ellison Stephen L R , Gao Yunhua , Niu Chunyan , Tang Vincent , Lee Foo-wing , Pérez-Urquiza Melina , Suárez Angel Ramirez , Burns Malcolm , Milavec Mojca , Wiangnon Kanjana , Griffiths Kate R , McLaughlin Jacob L H , Shibayama Sachie , Takatsu Akiko , Akgoz Muslum , Vonsky Maxim , Runov Andrei , Guerrero John Emerson Leguizamon
Published: January 2020

Key comparison CCQM-K86.c was performed to demonstrate the capacity of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) in the determination of the relative quantity of two specific genomic DNA fragments present in a canola powder. The study provides direct support for the following measurement claim: "Quantification of the ratio of the number of copies of specified intact sequence fragments of a length up to 150 nucleotides following extraction from an unprocessed, high fat/oil ground seed matrix, with a copy number ratio from 0.001 to 1".

The study was carried out under the auspices of the Nucleic Acids Working Group (NAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM) and was jointly coordinated by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the EU Joint Research Centre, Geel (JRC). The following laboratories (in alphabetical order) submitted measurement results in this key comparison study: Centro Nacional de Metrología, Mexico ("CENAM"); D.I. Mendeleyev Institute of Metrology, Russia ("VNIIM"); EU Joint Research Centre, Geel (JRC); Hong Kong Government Laboratory ("GLHK"); Instituto Nacional de Metrología de Colombia ("INM"); LGC (United Kingdom); National Institute of Biology, Slovenia ("NIB"); National Institute of Metrology, P.R. of China ("NIM China"/"NIMC" [figures]); National Institute of Metrology, Thailand (NIMT); National Measurement Institute, Australia ("NMIA"); National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Japan ("NMIJ"); National Metrology Institute of Turkey ("TÜBITAK").

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
NETT: solving inverse problems with deep neural networks
Authors: Li Housen , Schwab Johannes , Antholzer Stephan , Haltmeier Markus
Published: January 2020

Recovering a function or high-dimensional parameter vector from indirect measurements is a central task in various scientific areas. Several methods for solving such inverse problems are well developed and well understood. Recently, novel algorithms using deep learning and neural networks for inverse problems appeared. While still in their infancy, these techniques show astonishing performance for applications like low-dose CT or various sparse data problems. However, there are few theoretical results for deep learning in inverse problems. In this paper, we establish a complete convergence analysis for the proposed NETT (network Tikhonov) approach to inverse problems. NETT considers nearly data-consistent solutions having small value of a regularizer defined by a trained neural network. We derive well-posedness results and quantitative error estimates, and propose a possible strategy for training the regularizer. Our theoretical results and framework are different from any previous work using neural networks for solving inverse problems. A possible data driven regularizer is proposed. Numerical results are presented for a tomographic sparse data problem, which demonstrate good performance of NETT even for unknowns of different type from the training data. To derive the convergence and convergence rates results we introduce a new framework based on the absolute Bregman distance generalizing the standard Bregman distance from the convex to the non-convex case.
Reconciliation for CV-QKD using globally-coupled LDPC codes*
Authors: Shi Jin-Jing , Li Bo-Peng , Huang Duan
Published: January 2020

Reconciliation is a necessary step in postprocessing of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system. We use globally coupled low-density parity-check (GC-LDPC) codes in reconciliation to extract a precise secret key from the raw keys over the authenticated classical public channel between two users. GC-LDPC codes have excellent performance over both the additive Gaussian white noise and binary-erasure channels. The reconciliation based on GC-LDPC codes can improve the reconciliation efficiency to 95.42% and reduce the frame error rate to 3.25 × 10–3. Using distillation, the decoding speed can achieve 23.8 Mbits/s and decrease the cost of memory. Given decoding speed and low memory usage, this makes the proposed reconciliation method viable approach for high-speed CV-QKD system.
Experimental and computational study of visible light-induced photocatalytic ability of nitrogen ions-implanted TiO2 nanotubes*
Authors: Zhang Ruijing , Liu Xiaoli , Hou Xinggang , Liao Bin
Published: January 2020

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) were prepared by ion implantation and anodic oxidation. The prepared samples were applied in photocatalytic (PC) oxidation of methyl blue, rhodamine B, and bisphenol A under light irradiation. To explore the influence of doped ions on the band and electronic structure of TiO2, computer simulations were performed using the VASP code implementing spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT). Both substitutional and interstitial nitrogen atoms were considered. The experimental and computational results propose that the electronic structure of TiO2 was modified because of the emergence of impurity states in the band gap by introducing nitrogen into the lattice, leading to the absorption of visible light. The synergy effects of tubular structures and doped nitrogen ions were responsible for highly efficient and stable PC activities induced by visible and ultraviolet (UV) light.
The Monte Carlo simulation of the Borexino detector
Authors: Marcocci S , Agostini M , Altenmüller K , Appel S , Atroshchenko V , Bagdasarian Z , Basilico D , Bellini G , Benziger J , Bick D , Bonfini G , Bravo D , Caccianiga B , Calaprice F , Caminata A , Caprioli S , Carlini M , Cavalcante P , Chepurnov A , Choi K , Collica L , D’Angelo D , Davini S , Derbin A , Ding X F , Ludovico A Di , Noto L Di , Drachnev I , Fomenko K , Formozov A , Franco D , Gabriele F , Galbiati C , Ghiano C , Giammarchi M , Goretti A , Gromov M , Guffanti D , Hagner C , Houdy T , Hungerford E , Ianni Aldo , Ianni Andrea , Jany A , Jeschke D , Kobychev V , Korablev D , Korga G , Kryn D , Laubenstein M , Litvinovich E , Lombardi F , Lombardi P , Ludhova L , Lukyanchenko G , Lukyanchenko L , Machulin I , Manuzio G , Martyn J , Meroni E , Meyer M , Miramonti L , Misiaszek M , Muratova V , Neumair B , Oberauer L , Opitz B , Orekhov V , Ortica F , Pallavicini M , Papp L , Penek Ö , Pilipenko N , Pocar A , Porcelli A , Ranucci G , Razeto A , Re A , Redchuk M , Romani A , Roncin R , Rossi N , Schönert S , Semenov D , Skorokhvatov M , Smirnov O , Sotnikov A , Stokes L F F , Suvorov Y , Tartaglia R , Testera G , Thurn J , Toropova M , Unzhakov E , Vishneva A , Vogelaar R B , Feilitzsch F von , Wang H , Weinz S , Wojcik M , Wurm M , Yokley Z , Zaimidoroga O , Zavatarelli S , Zuber K , Zuzel G
Published: January 2020

Borexino is a 300 ton sub-MeV liquid scintillator solar neutrino detector which has been running at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy) since 2007. Thanks to its unprecedented radio-purity, it was able to measure the flux of 7Be, 8B, pp, and pep solar neutrinos and to detect geo-neutrinos. A reliable simulation of the detector is an invaluable tool for all Borexino physics analyses. The simulation accounts for the energy loss of particles in all the detector components, the generation of the scintillation photons, their propagation within the liquid scintillator volume, and a detailed simulation of the electronics chain. A novel efficient method for simulating the external background which survives the Borexino passive shield was developed. This technique allows to reliably predict the effect of the contamination in the peripheral construction materials. The techniques developed to simulate the Borexino detector and their level of refinement are of possible interest to the neutrino and dark matter communities, especially for current and future large-volume liquid scintillator experiments.
Demonstrating GWP*: a means of reporting warming-equivalent emissions that captures the contrasting impacts of short- and long-lived climate pollutants
Authors: Lynch John , Cain Michelle , Pierrehumbert Raymond , Allen Myles
Published: January 2020

The atmospheric lifetime and radiative impacts of different climate pollutants can both differ markedly, so metrics that equate emissions using a single scaling factor, such as the 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP100), can be misleading. An alternative approach is to report emissions as ‘warming-equivalents’ that result in similar warming impacts without requiring a like-for-like weighting per emission. GWP*, an alternative application of GWPs where the CO2-equivalence of short-lived climate pollutant emissions is predominantly determined by changes in their emission rate, provides a straightforward means of generating warming-equivalent emissions. In this letter we illustrate the contrasting climate impacts resulting from emissions of methane, a short-lived greenhouse gas, and CO2, and compare GWP100 and GWP* CO2-equivalents for a number of simple emissions scenarios. We demonstrate that GWP* provides a useful indication of warming, while conventional application of GWP100 falls short in many scenarios and particularly when methane emissions are stable or declining, with important implications for how we consider ‘zero emission’ or ‘climate neutral’ targets for sectors emitting different compositions of gases. We then illustrate how GWP* can provide an improved means of assessing alternative mitigation strategies. GWP* allows warming-equivalent emissions to be calculated directly from CO2-equivalent emissions reported using GWP100, consistent with the Paris Rulebook agreed by the UNFCCC, on condition that short-lived and cumulative climate pollutants are aggregated separately, which is essential for transparency. It provides a direct link between emissions and anticipated warming impacts, supporting stocktakes of progress towards a long-term temperature goal and compatible with cumulative emissions budgets.
Design of Intelligent Control System for Cigarettes
Authors: Shen Xue , Li Jie , Jin Jin , Gong Lingbin , Cui Haobo , Xu Di , Liu Jingjie , Sun Shunkai
Published: January 2020

In order to solve a series of cigarette quality problems, such as removing not completely of cigarette machine defected, wrong brand of temporarily storing cigarette, quality tracking of problem cigarettes. Based on internet of things and data acquisition, an intelligent cigarette control system is designed. Based on the technology of RFID and communication with the data acquisition control system, the target of a comprehension cigarette quality control has come true. And has the function of brand comparison, the unqualified cigarette marked, the condition monitoring and so on. The machine of PROTUS 70 was used for testing, the results show that: The system can realize a series of functions, such as the marking of unqualified cigarettes, comparison of cigarette brands, comprehension status monitoring of temporary cigarette and quality tracing.
Graph Structure-based Clustering Algorithm for Android Third-party Libraries
Authors: Liu Shuyuan , Gan Gang
Published: January 2020

With the rapid development of the mobile market, the development of multi-functional applications is more efficient due to the rich functions provided by third-party libraries, so it is widely integrated into Android applications. Studies of Android third-party library security, such as hole digging, permissions, separation mechanism, the clone application test and safety test have different requirements to the third party libraries test accuracy and test center of gravity, making the Android third party libraries become a research hotspot. Besides, the detection algorithm of clustering algorithm is particularly important, therefore this article mainly research the Android third-party libraries clustering algorithm. This paper starts with the API call graph of the Android third-party library and combines the graph neural network GAT to design the similarity calculation and library clustering model of the Android third-party library. Firstly, the reverse tool was used to extract the API call diagram of the third-party Android library, and then the third-party Android library instance diagram was built based on the package dependency. Key API functions were selected to normalize the third-party Android library instance diagram, and then GAT and CNN were used as the similarity calculation model of the third-party Android library instance diagram to calculate the similarity. Finally, DBSCAN clustering algorithm is used to cluster the Android third-party library instance graph. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can achieve 93% clustering accuracy and effectively cluster Android third-party libraries.
Sustainable Urban Village in Wuhan
Authors: Yang Li , Zhang Lei , Yang Xiaochun , Xiao Runxiang , Yan Yubing
Published: January 2020

To understand the performance of urban villages in terms of justice and inclusivity, an investigation from bottom-up was launched in current study. Through semantic differential (SD) method, subjective feelings of residents, workers and tourists were collected and evaluated; overall feeling was positive. Study indicated that urban villages in China, like in East Lake Village, with diverse life styles at all levels of society and registering positive overall evaluation, are sustainable. It concluded that development of adjacent formal space of the city, autonomous formalization of villagers and low rent of informal housing are essential conditions for a sustainable urban village. Suggested strategies for sustainable upgrading and reconstruction of urban villages should recognize and respect various types of groups, incorporating different demands and usage of space to protect diverse life styles. These strategies may entail cleaning, lighting and coloring which are effective ways to improve environmental quality.
Design of a Secure Communication Scheme using Channel Shifting in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zeng Bin , Yao Lu
Published: January 2020

One of the primary challenges to wireless sensor network is to satisfy the security needs of application since it is not practical to recover quickly once the network has been compromised. In order to improve the resilience of the network against wormhole attacks, a security scheme for wireless sensor network (WSN) has been proposed. The proposed scheme hybrids polynomial pool based key pre-distribution scheme and the availability of multiple channels on every sensor node. It allows the sensor nodes not only to establish a secure link with any other sensor node using polynomial pool-based key pre-distribution scheme but also to avoid wormhole attack by shifting from the common channel to any randomly selected channel from its available channels, and hence drifting from the frequency at which adversary is assumed to be listening to launch a wormhole attack. Results show that when almost fifty percent of neighbouring sensor nodes is malicious, the probability of wormhole attack is almost zero.
Design and Application of Cloud Monitoring Network Dispatching Command System
Authors: Liu Jingyong , Li Jun , Wang Xiaobin
Published: January 2020

Based on cloud service technology, this paper designs an embedded networking dedicated server and a networked dispatching command system. The server overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional data transmission server: complicated installation and maintenance, poor long-term work stability, lack of wireless backup routes, etc., and realizes reliable collection, compression, storage and uploading of basic data of various monitoring systems of the mine. At the same time, according to the mine management needs, the system extracts various safety and production data and performs unified processing to realize multilevel dispatching, monitoring, supervision and display.
Development of the Platform-Type Aircraft Weighing System Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Xu Jian , Zhao Yinming , Chai Jixin , Wang Chang , Chen Kexing
Published: January 2020

For the area for the aircraft weighing is relatively large and the display terminal is placed near the aircraft, the operator can’ not conveniently read the data on the display, so the platform-type aircraft weighing system based on the internet of things is developed. The system consists of three platforms, three digital modules, three 4G wireless modules and one cloud server. Three platforms containing sensors are placed under three wheels to measure the weight of an aircraft. The analog voltage signals of the sensors are converted to digital signals by digital modules and then uploaded to the cloud server by a 4G wireless module. A website with IP address consistent with the public IP address is established on the cloud server. The sensor data uploaded to the server is read by the ASP.NET Web Application program. A computer software is developed to log in to the website at any time to check the weighing data and calculate the position of the gravity center of the aircraft according to the formula for calculating the gravity center. The experimental results show that the weighing system is not limited by distance, has good real-time performance, stable operation and reliable calculation.