bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Argument es-timates of strongly starlike functions associated with Noor-integral operator
Authors: Shanmugam T. N. , Sivasubramanian S. , Frasin B. A.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this present paper is to derive some properties of a certain new sub-classes of strongly starlike functions defined by the Noor integral operator. Relevant connections of the results, which are presented in the paper, with various known results are also considered.
Properties of harmonic functions which are convex of order $ \bf \beta $ with respect to symmetric points
Authors: Janteng Aini , Halim Suzeini Abdul
Published: May 2019

Let $ \mathcal{H} $ denote the class of functions $ f $ which are harmonic and univalent in the open unit disc $ {D=\{z:|z|<1\}} $. This paper defines and investigates a family of complex-valued harmonic functions that are orientation preserving and univalent in $ \mathcal{D} $ and are related to the functions convex of order $ \beta(0\leq \beta <1) $, with respect to symmetric points. We obtain coefficient conditions, growth result, extreme points, convolution and convex combinations for the above harmonic functions.
Functions and regularity of topological spaces
Authors: Duszy ´nski Zbigniew
Published: May 2019

Preservation of regularity, almost regularity, and s-regularity of topological spaces, is considered.
Analytical treatment for nonlinear oscillation equations and vibratory system of waves
Authors: Najafi M. , Moghimi M. , Massah H.
Published: May 2019

Analytical approximate solutions of Duffing and Van der Pol equations as well as the system of coupled Euler-Bernoulli beams and wave equations are under consideration. To this end, the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) and variational iteration method (VIM) have been employed to obtain analytical solutions to these differential equations. The results are compared with accurate numerical computations, which show that ADM is a high performance and accurate method to use for the analytical solution of nonlinear physical problems.
On the maximal number of non-overlapping Klein 4-groups inside an elementary abelian 2-group
Authors: Dobbs David E.
Published: May 2019

Let $G$ be a finite elementary abelian $2$-group of order $2^n$, for some integer $n \geq 2$. Let $b_n$ be the maximal cardinality of a set ${\mathcal S}$ of subgroups of $G$ such that each member of ${\mathcal S}$ is isomorphic to the Klein $4$-group and any two distinct members of ${\mathcal S}$ meet only in $0$. It is proved that $b_{n+2} \geq 4b_n$. Consequently, $b_n \geq 2^{n-2}$ if $n$ is even, while $b_n \geq 2^{n-3}$ if $n$ is odd; these results are best possible since $b_2=1=b_3$.
Representation of $L$-fuzzy binary relations via a Galois connection
Authors: Murthy Nistala V. E. S. , Prasad Peruru G.
Published: May 2019

Our aim in this Paper is to establish Galois connections between various types of fuzzy binary relations and fuzzy I-ary relations on a crisp set, that take their truth values in a complete lattice, and same type of crisp binary and I-ary relations on the associated fuzzy-point-set.
On the Krylov maximum principle for discrete parabolic schemes
Authors: Kuo Hung-Ju , Trudinger Neil S.
Published: May 2019

In previous works, we have established discrete versions of the Krylov maximum principle for parabolic operators, on general meshes in Euclidean space. In this article, we prove a variant of these estimates in terms of a discrete analogue of the determinant of the coefficient matrix in the differential operator case. Our treatment adapts key ideas from our previous work on the corresponding discrete Aleksandrov maximum principle in the elliptic case.
Partial sums for certain classes of meromorphic functions
Authors: Ibrahim Rabha W. , Darus Maslina
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we define and study new classes of meromorphic functions in the punctured disk by using their partial sums.
The use of direct laryngoscopy and ultrasound in the perioperative
assessment of mobility of vocal folds in patients treated surgically
due to goiter
Authors: Kumoniewski Paweł , Pomorski Lech , Derlatka-Kochel Magdalena , Majos Agata
Published: May 2019

Poland has about 25000–30000 thyroid glands operations per year. These kind of operations are in fourth place as to the
frequency of scheduled operations. Most patients have total thyroidectomy. In addition to the classic method of accessing
the collar cut at the neck, there are also alternative access, e.g. through the vestibule of the mouth or armpit. Surgery carries
the risk of serious and even life-threatening consequences. One of the most serious complications of this surgery is failure of
one or both laryngeal recurrents nerves. Laryngeal recurrents nerves are responsible for the proper functioning of vocal folds.
Depending on the failure degree, results in disruption of phonation, difficulties in taking solid and liquid food, limitation of
physical performance, impaired breathing to respiratory failure.
The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of early injury of the laryngeal nerves by evaluating the operation of vocal
folds in direct laryngoscopy and ultrasonography. The study was carried out from 15/05/2018 to 17/01/2019 at the Department
of General and Oncological Surgery. The patients were qualified for random examination from among the total number of
patients qualified for goiter surgery in the Clinic. Direct laryngoscopy was performed in the Endoscopic Laboratory of the
General and Oncological Surgery Clinic of the Medical University of Lodz. The ultrasound of the vocal folds was performed in
the Department of Diagnostic Imaging. In the study period, 42 patients were qualified to participate in the study.
In the study group, bilateral, early paresis of vocal folds was diagnosed in two patients (4.76%) and unilateral early paresis of
vocal fold in seven patients (16.67%). Both operations, complicated by bilateral paresis of vocal folds, were performed without
the use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM - intraoperative neuromonitoring). One-sided paresis of vocal folds occurred
in 3 patients (7.14%) operated without neuromonitoring, and 4 patients (9.52%) with intraoperative neuromonitoring.
The study found that a severe complication in the form of early bilateral paresis of vocal folds occurred in operations without
the use of neuromonitoring. A similar occurrence of one-sided damage to the vocal fold indicates a lack of connection with the
additional support used in the form of intraoperative neuromonitoring.
Neck trauma complicated by thyroid damage and pleural hematoma
- literature review and personal case
Authors: Dworzyńska Agnieszka , Luks Bartosz , Dobrogowski Miłosz , Pomorski Lech
Published: May 2019

Damage to the thyroid due to blunt neck injury is rare. About half of the described cases occurred in the thyroid with
pathological changes. They are usually associated with large hematomas of the neck that cause respiratory failure. We
present a case of a patient whose thyroid injury caused rupture of the left thyroid lobe with a hematoma of the mediastinum
and right pleural cavity.
Terrorists Or Giustizieri?
Authors: Pernicone Nunzio , Ottanelli Fraser M.
Published: May 2019

The conclusions discusses how political assassinations committed by Italian anarchists were not the product of conspiracies carried out by criminals and madmen. Rather they were the consequence of Italy’s grinding poverty and authoritarian methods of dealing with popular unrest and dissent, of the economic and political pressures that fostered mass migration, and finally, of the cosmopolitan nature of Italian anarchism. All six of the attentatori discussed in this book did not engage in acts of terrorism against faceless victims but instead struck out against those monarchs and chiefs of state deemed responsible, directly or indirectly, for crimes perpetrated against themselves, the people, or the anarchist movement.
Epilogue
Authors: Kempker Erin M.
Published: May 2019

The epilogue explores how conspiracy exploded onto the national political scene in the 2016 presidential election cycle with the candidacy of Donald Trump. The prevalence of conspiracy belief in contemporary American is explored, as well as the effect conspiracy belief and conspiracism have on public perceptions of government and politics. The epilogue concludes by returning the focus to women’s politics and how conspiracy belief adds even more variety to the already large number of differences that separate American women’s politics and women’s worldviews.
Dancing on the Edges of History, but Never Dancing Alone
Authors: Ransby Barbara
Published: May 2019

In this chapter the author reflects on what it means to be a black female historian in the twenty-first century. She challenges those who argue that it should simply mean being a good scholar and that notions of race and gender are anachronisms. She draws from her personal experiences in graduate school and in the academy as well as those of many other female historians of African descent to reflect on the slow and erratic progress but also persistent, intractable prejudice augmented by decades of institutional racism. She also elaborates on the significance of political activism, parenting, and mentors to her work and her life.
Service—and Scholarship—Bound to Action
Authors: Wilson Ann Marie
Published: May 2019

Ann Marie Wilson has continued to pursue an unconventional academic path since receiving the Prelinger Award in 2007. In this chapter she addresses the importance of interweaving academic study with direct service to local communities, both within her own career and in the training of her students. The chapter traces her intellectual and geographic pathway from San Francisco to Boston to The Hague, the Netherlands, where she combines the teaching of history with a community engagement program focused on bringing university students into creative collaboration with local immigrant youth. The chapter also reflects on the themes of health, illness, and self-care.
Doing Grassroots Public History
Authors: Osterud Grey
Published: May 2019

Grey Osterud completed Putting the Barn before the House: Women and Family Farming in Early Twentieth-Century New York, which was supported by the Prelinger Award, twenty years after her first study of gender and generational relationships in a rural community. This chapter reflects on the constraints and opportunities of being a public historian, as well as the dynamic connections between feminist activism and grassroots-oriented research and education programs. It traces Osterud’s trajectory from Boston’s Bread and Roses through living-history museums and labor union workshops to her current vocation as a freelance editor helping authors in African American and women’s history reach wider audiences.
Unconventional Histories
Authors: Moore Stephanie C.
Published: May 2019

This chapter highlights how many women historians, like the author, delve into the histories that have been marginalized by the dominant canon, finding palpable relevance to present-day social justice issues. The chapter then turns to the little-known history of the internment of Japanese Latin Americans in the United States during World War II, a case of extraordinary rendition. Focusing on the internment of the Japanese Peruvians, this chapter argues that global “yellow peril” and eugenic ideologies played an essential role in U.S. and Peruvian policies during WWII. Further, it challenges readers to consider how purported policies of national security have been motivated by thinly veiled racism.
From Housewife to Historian
Authors: Sinclair Donna
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on the personal, social, and historical contexts that shaped Donna Sinclair’s career as a feminist historian. The story of Sinclair’s trek to the 2013 Prelinger Award took root in a divorce that left the former army wife alone with three small children. Returning to school reshaped her identity, provided purpose, and led to her life’s work as an oral and public historian, educator, and social justice advocate. In this essay, Sinclair engages in the self-scrutiny that oral historians so often ask of their narrators. As recommended by Antonia Castaňeda, she digs into “the silences, gaps, and interstitial spaces” of experience to examine her journey to the Prelinger and beyond.
A History of Bodies
Authors: Rodríguez Annette
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores the development of pedagogical choices and historical practice via familial and professional mentorship. Rodríguez argues for the critical role of mentorship for the development of women in the historical profession. Naming her work “a history of the gaps,” she discusses widening the definition of historical actors as well as subjects of historical analysis. As an example, the chapter points to the continuum of women acting against racist violence, documenting, analyzing, and historicizing racist violence—against previously masculinist narratives. Demonstrating a “history of the gaps,” Rodríguez’s chapter concludes with the testimonies of Mexican and Mexican American women whose X marks confirmed anti-Mexican murders at the turn of the twentieth century.
“A Severe and Prolonged Hangover,” 1956–1957
Authors: Clark Daniel J.
Published: May 2019

The 1955 production boom resulted in nearly a million unsold vehicles on dealers’ lots. As a result, automakers scaled back production, resulting in widespread, chronic layoffs for autoworkers. Supplemental Unemployment Benefits were of little help because the programs were not fully funded and most unemployed autoworkers did not meet eligibility requirements. Instead, they struggled to cobble together secondary support systems. Many autoworkers had gone into debt during flush times in 1955 and were now saddled with mortgages, rents, or installment payments without regular income. Detroit floundered while the national economy thrived. More accurately, Detroit's working-class residents suffered while wealthier Detroiters shared in the nation's prosperity. Federal officials and automakers blamed autoworkers, with their high wages and generous fringe benefits, for their predicament.
The Second Generation of African American Pioneers in Anthropology
Authors: Harrison Ira Enell , Johnson-Simon Deborah , Williams Erica Lorraine
Published: May 2019

This volume brings together emerging and leading scholars in the field of anthropology to reflect on the intellectual trajectories of fifteen African American anthropologists who earned their doctorates in anthropology between 1960 and 1969. Following in the footsteps of African American Pioneers in Anthropology (Harrison and Harrison 1999), this volume documents the quest for knowledge, respect, truth and value in the inspiring work of the next generation of black anthropologists. This volume features the intellectual biographies of James Lowell Gibbs Jr., Charles Warren II, William Alfred Shack, Diane K. Lewis, Delmos Jones, Niara Sudarkasa, Johnnetta Betsch Cole, John Langston Gwaltney, Ira E. Harrison, Audrey Smedley, George Clement Bond, Oliver Osborne, Anselme Remy, Vera Mae Green, and Claudia Mitchell-Kernan. This book reflects on the trajectories, challenges, and accomplishments of this second generation of black anthropologists.
Diane K. Lewis and the Transformation of Anthropology
Authors: Rodriguez Cheryl R.
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores Diane Lewis’s professional life as a courageous, self-determined intellectual activist. She studied anthropology at predominantly white institutions during the years when America’s apartheid policies and practices were firmly in place. Undaunted by the explicit racism and sexism of her time, Diane K. Lewis earned a PhD from Cornell University in 1962. Her experiences with blatant discrimination inspired a fiery intellectual activism. Although critical of anthropology’s colonial influences, Lewis believed the discipline could be transformed through activist engagement by insider or native scholars. Her most influential work addressed the intersection of race, gender, and class and the impact of HIV/AIDS on black communities.
George Clement Bond
Authors: Watkins Rachel
Published: May 2019

This chapter offers a thematic examination of Bond’s work that captures early innovations, later developments, and connections between his scholarship and that of the previous generation of black anthropologists. The discussion highlights three aspects of Bond’s research agenda evident throughout his career: his reimagining of Africa and Africans within modernity; his challenging of dominant methodological and analytical approaches to social and political organization and, 3) his application of his work to discussions/debates outside of African studies and anthropology. Bond’s work demonstrates that African American vindicationist intellectual projects involve more than countering narratives that cast Africans and their descendants in a negative light.
Vera Mae Green
Authors: Jackson Antoinette
Published: May 2019

This chapter presents an overview of Vera Green’s intellectual contributions to anthropology. It explores the influences in Green’s life that shaped her approach to applied anthropology, particularly focusing on her Quaker roots. Green’s research is centered on the study of black families and social and cultural influences impacting their construction. Green earned degrees from Roosevelt College, Columbia University, and the University of Arizona in Tucson. Her dissertation examines the interethnic relations on the island of Aruba, Netherlands Antilles. She died after a long battle with cancer on January 17, 1982, at the age of fifty-three.
“Now is not like before. The world has changed.”
Authors: Switzer Heather D.
Published: May 2019

“Maasai Education in Cultural and Historical Context,” focuses on how ideas about “being Maasai” and “being educated,” beginning in the colonial period and extending into the formation of the postcolonial state, are dynamic. Schoolgirls, mothers, and teachers see education as a powerful antidote to historically produced ethnic otherness, marginalization, and endemic economic insecurity. Schoolgirls, mothers, and teachers explained that as “the world has changed,” so have Maasai attitudes about education. This chapter historicizes and therefore politicizes contemporary Maasai attitudes about education in the case-study communities, within and against still salient ideas in the Kenyan social imaginary about Maasai as people who “hate” education, by showing how Maasai have come to see themselves as people who “love” education for all children, including girls.
“We are not enkanyakuai…. We are just girls.”
Authors: Switzer Heather D.
Published: May 2019

“Embodying Schoolgirlhood,” uses contested accounts of emuratare oo ntoyie, girls’ circumcision, and enkanyakuai, a female social category, to illustrate how schoolgirls’ “developing” adolescent bodies complicate their performance and negotiation of schoolgirlhood. The chapter illustrates a key tension: schoolgirlhood proceeds as girl-effects logic would predict by destabilizing conventional meanings and rescripting girlhood as a place of possibility for girls who go to school rather than a relatively short life stage that ends abruptly at circumcision, yet this logic cannot account for Maasai schoolgirls’ desire for community identity and belonging. Global and local assumptions about schoolgirls’ abilities to “call the shots” collide with schoolgirls’ actual capacity to do so; both miss schoolgirls’ desire to be independent and to deeply belong as “Maasai” among Maasai.
Real or Plastic Forró
Authors: Silvers Michael B.
Published: May 2019

This chapter dialogues with ideas about the sustainability of musical culture by offering a case study in which robust cultural policy, supporting foothills forró, was implemented by the same leftist Workers’ Party government that brought millions of Brazilians out of poverty at the start of the second decade of the twenty-first century. The new consumer class amplified the success of electronic forró, a genre often considered a threat to foothills forró. It is this paradox--that the leftist goals of ameliorating poverty and of bolstering a cultural policy that can sustain vibrant music ecologies might sometimes be at odds--I wish to bring to the debate over musical sustainability.
Return to the City of Joseph
Authors: Esplin Scott C.
Published: May 2019

In the 1840s, Nauvoo, Illinois, was a religious boomtown, the headquarters for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormonism), a controversial religion whose theology, social practices, and solidarity led to cultural conflict. By the mid-1840s, Joseph Smith, the religion’s prophet-leader, was killed, and thousands of Mormons relocated west to Utah.
During the twentieth century, the Latter-day Saints returned to their former headquarters in Nauvoo, Illinois, in a dramatic way. Acquiring nearly half of the property in the city, the faith transformed the sleepy Mississippi River town into a historical re-creation of its earlier splendor. However, as it did in the nineteenth century, Mormonism’s presence in western Illinois in the twentieth century created conflict. Competing groups, including the religion’s sister faith, the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ, offered a rival interpretation of Nauvoo’s past. Additionally, community members without a connection to either branch of Mormonism sought to preserve their own rich history in the city. Return to the City of Joseph: Modern Mormonism’s Contest for the Soul of Nauvoo examines the conflicts over historical memory that have developed as Mormonism returned to western Illinois. It focuses on the social history of the community, examining interactions between groups impacted by Mormonism’s touristic takeover. In a broader way, it also intersects with studies of historical tourism and pilgrimage.
The Reconstructed Nauvoo Temple
Authors: Esplin Scott C.
Published: May 2019

At the end of the twentieth century, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormonism) embarked on the most ambitious project in the history of Nauvoo’s restoration, the reconstruction of the famed Nauvoo temple. While the branches of Mormonism had settled their differences and established their separate paths in the years leading up to the temple reconstruction, the project opened new wounds within the greater Nauvoo community. This chapter examines the construction of the Nauvoo temple and the resulting reaction by the residents of Nauvoo. It explores the changes the project brought to the city and the contest that developed for the legacy of Nauvoo.
Sensing Transgender
Authors: Keegan Cáel M. , Keegan Cáel M.
Published: May 2019

It is the day after the Orlando Pulse massacre, and Lana Wachowski is wearing black.

I am as well, but this is purely coincidence. Rushing with the jittery nerves of a young researcher to the Sense8 shoot in Gary, Indiana, that June morning, I had not given much thought to the news or to the color of my T-shirt. When Wachowski arrives to begin the day’s work, I see immediately that she has: her black shirt is emblazoned with a pink triangle accompanied by what I learn are the words “Who’s next?” in Cyrillic. When I inquire about the language, Karin Winslow Wachowski (Lana’s wife) explains to me that Lana and her sister, Lilly, wore these shirts during their press tour for ...
Introduction
Authors: Marks Laura Helen
Published: May 2019

Sexually repressed Victorian England is the fertile crescent of sexual deviance.

—Shaun Costello, adult filmmaker

Although our society today is relatively liberated, Victorian ideas about sex are still there lurking underneath—like a seam of coal tar that can be mined and used to fuel the lamps of today’s sexual imagination....
The Senses and Religious Experience in Vernacular Theology
Authors: Baum Jacob M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter utilizes fifteenth-century vernacular culture to challenge the notion that learned understandings detailed in chapter 2 fully determined the meaning of sensuous worship on the eve of the Reformation. Through analysis of the unusual diary of the Nuremberg widow Katherina Tucher (d. 1448) and a critical mass of personal vernacular prayer books, this chapter shows that people made use of some learned ideas about the senses promoted by learned culture but went well beyond them in many cases. Educated, urban lay men and women played games with sensory language in their personal devotional experiences and, in doing so, exercised limited agency as vernacular theologians in their own right. Following this analysis, this chapter shows how male intellectuals responded by increasingly identifying sensuous worship with femininity and non-Christians. It concludes with a summary of part 1.
Implementing the Reformation of the Senses in Practice
Authors: Baum Jacob M.
Published: May 2019

Through analysis of church ordinances, ecclesiastical visitation reports, and church inventories, this chapter turns to assess the degree to which the early Lutheran church actually implemented the changes its proponents had envisioned in the early 1520s. It demonstrates that, in contrast to the hypercoherent rhetoric of the Reformation’s early years, the process of transforming the sensuous appeal of worship was highly inconsistent. To be sure, the impetus to “de-sensualize” religion was still very much present in the minds and in the rhetoric of leading reformers, but many of traditions of local governance over worship, established in the later Middle Ages alongside locally intervening political economic concerns, meant that implementing the reformation of the senses in practice was a highly variegated affair. Significant continuities with the late Middle Ages endured, although some important changes were apparent as well.
Thinking with the Senses in the Second Reformation
Authors: Baum Jacob M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter attempts to inscribe the reformed Christian tradition into the narrative of sensory history by attending to German Calvinist intellectuals’ roles in religious controversies of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. It keeps particular focus on discussions about the sensuous elements of the Eucharist and shows that many reformed thinkers actively and positively embraced sensuous worship in heretofore unrecognized ways, in particular emphasizing the importance of touch and vision as important modes of participating in the ritual. Comparative analysis with Lutheran contemporaries reveals strong similarities across confessional boundaries. A deeper exploration of the cultural and intellectual contexts in which these thinkers came of age sheds light on the reasons for these similarities and shows how both Protestant confessions shared much more in common with their late medieval intellectual forebears than we often realize.
The Trials and Errors of Building Prudence Person’s Scrapbook: An Annotated Digital Edition
Authors: Reed Ashley
Published: May 2019

Ashley Reed describes her work with students to create an annotated online edition of a nineteenth-century scrapbook by Prudence Person, a member of a prominent North Carolina family. She outlines the lessons she learned as the project progressed from its first phase in a classroom of nineteen students to an independent study with only two. When the smaller group integrated more field-specific knowledge, the students and the project thrived: they visited historic sites, presented at undergraduate research forums, and took ownership of the content. Reed addresses the difficulties and benefits of launching a context-rich DH project in a general education classroom, and she imagines its future iteration as the centerpiece of an intensive upper-level course on nineteenth-century print culture.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Archives of Injustice
Authors: Whitley Edward
Published: May 2019

Ed Whitley’s chapter describes a project in which students study the curatorial work of Harriet Beecher Stowe in The Key to “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” alongside current examples of digital activism to understand how groups mobilize and share information to effect change. Students “reverse engineer” the composition of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by searching through digital archives of abolitionist texts and images to discover how Stowe’s inclusion of some materials and exclusion of others shaped her novel. Students then consider how social activists similarly sort, organize, select, and reject the documentary record of social injustice appearing online in real-time. As students compare historical periods and media forms, they reflect on the processes through which texts are created, disseminated, structured, stored, and used to change the world.
On Interdisciplinarity in Bioarchaeology
Authors: Willermet Cathy
Published: May 2019

Bioarchaeology began as an interdisciplinary enterprise, integrating biological anthropology and archaeology, and organized around central research problems, where researchers from different fields or subfields would actively collaborate in formulating research questions, study design, data collection, and analysis. Today it has developed into its own discipline that includes perspectives from a wide range of fields. Bioarchaeology is particularly well positioned to provide a disciplinary foundation that also supports multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary questions through collaborative research. In this chapter, the author examines explicitly the value of this type of integrative, multidisciplinary or “conjunctive” approach to research. She evaluates the use of interdisciplinary theory and methodology in bioarchaeology in both migration and mobility research and ethnicity and social identity research, particularly in Mesoamerica. A review of the challenges and rewards of interdisciplinary work is provided, and concludes with a discussion of contemporary issues that would benefit from an interdisciplinary bioarchaeological approach.
Biological Affinities and Mortuary Archaeology in Coastal Northern Populations of Yucatán at the End of the Postclassic Period
Authors: Cucina Andrea , Muñoz Allan Ortega , Verónica Sandra , Rodarte Elizalde
Published: May 2019

The authors of this chapter focus their attention on the distribution of mortuary practices and their relationship to population affinities among several Postclassic (AD 1000–1520) Maya sites located long the eastern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula. The archaeological evidence suggests a lack of clear and culturally well-established patterns of mortuary practices in the region. Coastal sites represented important commercial and ceremonial centers along maritime trade routes around the peninsula, and were therefore potentially subject to population movement. The joint analysis of mortuary patterns and site biological distances, based on the evidence of dental morphology, indicates that biological relationships between sites does not correspond to similarities in mortuary practices, suggesting a series of diverse relationships between sites long the peninsula’s east coast.
Ceramic Wares and Water Spirits
Authors: Dye David H.
Published: May 2019

Water spirits as major Mississippian cosmic powers assumed various forms ranging from panther-like to serpent-like, and these varying visualizations were crafted as ceramic vessels, copper objects, rock art, and shell media. Evidence of water spirit religious sodalities is reflected in the numerous Lower Mississippi Valley “cat serpent” bottles and bowls found in northeastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri. Their use flourished during the protohistoric period, the decades between the Hernando de Soto entrada and initial French contact. Water spirit vessels were crucial for transforming and in consuming medicinal potions for purification in water spirit rituals. In this chapter I discuss these Lower Mississippi Valley “Great Serpent” effigy vessels and argue that they were central to religious beliefs in Beneath World deities associated with the cycle of life and death and appealed to through ritual supplication and veneration.
The Importance of Symmetry in Defining Caddo Relationships
Authors: Minich Johanna , Price Jeff
Published: May 2019

Minich and Price offer insights into the way the Caddo participated in the Mississippian Culture sphere using both semiotics and symmetry analysis of surface designs on 150 ceramic vessels from three sites in the Ouachita and Red River valleys. Symmetry in surface designs persisted over 900 years of occupation in the Southern Caddo area, but the variety and distribution of dominant symmetry types changed over time and space, suggesting a local preference for, and symbolic association with, particular symmetry types. Variety in symmetry types increases through time and correlates with both changes in sociopolitical organization within individual Caddo communities and changes related to larger regional influences. While differences in design structure choice may reflect individual community identity, the overall continuity in form, style, and technique are factors that made Caddo ceramics symbolic of the cohesive nature of the Mississippian cultural tradition as a whole.
Turning Up the Volume of Inner Speech
Authors: Frattarola Angela
Published: May 2019

Chapter 4 questions how the common turn-of-the-century practice of listening to the telephone, phonograph, and radio through headphones may have aided modernists in turning up the volume and recording interior monologue—one’s “inner speech” that sounds out within the auditory imagination. Using Jonathan Sterne’s historical study of how headphones created a “private acoustic space,” this chapter postulates that listening to voices and music through headphones created a new sense of a personal and aesthetically objectified space within one’s head. Just as headphones brought unfamiliar sounds and voices into one’s private headspace, James Joyce represents the stream of consciousness as a collage of voices and sounds from literature, religion, popular culture, and the soundscape. In Ulysses (1922), Joyce creates an auditory cosmopolitanism, by allowing the languages and sounds of the surrounding world to penetrate and influence the interior monologues of his characters.
Introduction
Authors: Roller Michael P.
Published: May 2019

The current amazement that the things we are experiencing are “still” possible in the twentieth century is not philosophical. This amazement is not the beginning of knowledge—unless it is the knowledge that the view of history that gives rise to it is untenable.

Walter Benjamin (1970: 259)...
Uncertain Transitions
Authors: Patroni Viviana
Published: May 2019

The government of the party historically representing labor in Argentina, the Peronist Party, moved with unprecedented zeal in the 1990s to justify changes in labor legislation that placed the burden of adjustment squarely on workers. Moreover, changes in the labor market, both de jure and de facto, took place in a country where labor’s political and organizational strength had secured it a privileged political position. The chapter takes a historical approach to assess the position of the General Confederation of Labor (CGT), both during the process of neoliberal restructuring and labor reform in the 1990s and later, during the Peronist administrations between 2003 and 2015 that were more receptive to labor’s demands. While the CGT and its offshoots like the Argentine Workers’ Central are still forces to be reckoned with, their power was considerably reduced during the 1990s, a development that speaks to the scope of the transformation neoliberalism imposed on the CGT and its legitimacy as representative of the working class and as a key actor within Peronism itself.
Laboring under Chávez
Authors: Posner Paul W.
Published: May 2019

In contrast to cases such as Chile and Mexico, which have undergone substantial economic liberalization and labor flexibilization, labor reform under the Chávez regime’s twenty-first-century socialism promised greater protection for workers from market forces and the development of a strong, autonomous labor movement capable of advocating effectively for workers’ rights and interests. However, this chapter argues that such potential was not realized under Chávez and will not likely be realized under his chosen successor, Nicolás Maduro. Indeed, while in rhetoric the regime vehemently rejected neoliberalism, in practice it promoted de facto flexibilized labor relations through the creation of worker cooperatives, which serve as sources of subcontracted labor, particularly for state-owned industries. In addition to exploiting vulnerable workers in cooperatives, the Chávez regime’s “rentier populism” employed divisive institutional practices that encouraged the fragmentation and weakening of organized labor, impeded the labor movement’s autonomy, contravened essential labor rights such as free union elections, collective bargaining, and the right to strike and engaged in reprisals against unions and workers it perceived as threats. These key features of labor organization in contemporary Venezuela indicate a pronounced contradiction between the Chávez regime’s avowed commitment to socialist principles of worker solidarity and equality and its political economy in practice.
Bones in the Village
Authors: Willey P.
Published: May 2019

This investigation re-examines some of the human skeletal remains from Crow Creek, which contained the mutilated remains of hundreds of victims of a massacre. In this study, the human skeletal remains from the Bone Bed and the Village contexts at this site are compared. Through careful, detailed osteological analysis, this research demonstrates the extent to which the perpetrators deliberately processed the victims. This would have taken some time, which suggests the perpetrators did not leave immediately after the attack.
Introduction
Authors: Hird Derek , Song Geng
Published: May 2019

This chapter outlines transnational masculinities as a field of Study, and scholarship on transnationally inflected representations of Chinese masculinity and transnationally mobile Chinese men. It identifies three key key characteristics in the scholarly literature on Chinese masculinities in the context of globalization. First, the concept of cosmopolitanism is being increasingly used to explore the localization of globally circulating ideas and images in Chinese masculinities. Second, China’s integration with global financial and trading systems, which has been particularly pronounced since the 1990s, has forced the historically dominant intellectual or scholar-official (shi士‎) class to reconcile itself with the business activities traditionally carried out by the merchant (shang商‎) class. Third, the transnational circulation of models of emotionally expressive and caring fatherhood is significantly influencing Chinese discourses and practices of fathering. Through a detailed analysis of the other chapters in the volume, this chapter argues that it is possible to identify five broad patterns in the transformations of Chinese transnational masculinities: the embrace of localized cosmopolitan masculinities that are part-founded on historical notions and practices of Chinese masculinity; the enmeshment of intellectuals in business markets; emotionally engaged styles of fathering and intimate partnership; romantic involvement with non-Chinese women; and widespread anxiety and sensitivity about perceptions of Chinese masculinity. This chapter concludes that Chinese men are not unique in having to face such issues in transnational contexts; but, as the other chapters in this volume demonstrate, they negotiate them in unique—yet explainable—ways.
A Free Life
Authors: Su Lezhou
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines the novel A Free Life by Ha Jin in terms of (re) construction of Chinese Wen masculinity in a transnational context. The analysis suggests that while the story is mainly about the protagonist Nan’s journey to settle down in the U.S with his wife and son, the plot is parallel with another hidden thread that runs through it, which is his personal transformation from the loss of masculineness to the build-up of a new type of Wen masculinity. The analysis also finds out that the novel seems to use emasculation of the male characters as the signifier of the dark side of Chinese traditional culture and the current political system. Through depicting Nan’s struggle and success in settling down the novel embraces individualism as a remedy to Chinese masculinity, redefining the ideal of Wen Chinese intellectuals in American context.
Persona, Politics, and Chinese Masculinity in Japan
Authors: Coates Jamie
Published: May 2019

Through an exploration of one Chinese man’s efforts to navigate masculinities in Japan, this chapter conceptualises how masculine persona change. Li Xiaomu first gained notoriety as a guide to, and commentator on, Japan’s red light district, Kabukicho. Often exacerbating negative perceptions of Chinese-ness in Japan, Li’s masculine performances coopted hegemonic associations between Chinese men and underworld crime in the late 1990s and early 2000s. More recently however, Li has moved to perform other hegemonic masculinities through his new persona as a respectful politician and advocate for diversity in Japan. Based on ethnographic and media-text analyses of Li’s complex public persona, this chapter interrogates what it means for Chinese men to strive towards a cosmopolitanism ethos in transnational contexts.
Opening Up the Chinese Socio-cultural Sphere
Authors: Chong Wu-Ling
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines the opening up of the Chinese socio-cultural sphere in post-Suharto Medan and Surabaya. Chinese Indonesians who strongly support Chinese ethnic and cultural identities have made use of the more liberal environment to establish Chinese-based organisations and Chinese-language newspapers. In general, these organisations and newspapers have made use of intra-ethnic linkages to safeguard Chinese ethnic and cultural identities, thus contributing to multiculturalism in post-Suharto Indonesia. The rise of China as an economic power has also prompted leaders of some Chinese organisations to utilise their intra-ethnic linkages and social networks in China to assist local governments in establishing cultural and business connections with China. Many indigenous Indonesians, however, perceive that the active role of Chinese organisations in promoting Chinese culture indicates an insistence upon separateness. At the same time, there are Chinese Indonesians who favour the integration of the Chinese into the wider Indonesian society and who have established non-ethnic-based socio-cultural organisations to promote cross-ethnic understanding and solidarity. On the whole, however, the socio-cultural activities and endeavours of Chinese organisations and Chinese-language newspapers have reproduced and perpetuated stereotypes of the Chinese as insular, opportunistic, and oriented towards China instead of Indonesia.
Local Ethnic Chinese Business
Authors: Chong Wu-Ling
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores the illegal or semi-legal means Chinese Indonesian businesspeople tend to adopt to gain and protect their business and personal interests in the post-Suharto era. These business practices in turn perpetuate and reproduce the corrupt and muddy business environment, as well as the predatory political-business system. They also reproduce and reinforce stereotypes of the Chinese as wealthy, corrupt, and opportunistic, the perfect targets of extortion. Although there are also Chinese businesspeople who refuse to be victims of extortion and choose to fight against these illegal practices, such businesspeople are rare. If one wishes to see more Chinese Indonesian businesspeople who refuse to be extorted and do not get involved in illegal and semi-legal practices, a better-enforced rule of law must be in place.
The Eastern Front
Authors: Strachan Hew
Published: May 2019

In this chapter Hew Strachan contends that the eastern front has long been unjustifiably neglected by researchers. This stems from the fact that for a long time before the start of the First World War, the Great General Staff considered Russia the main enemy. The paradox that Germany, because of its central role in a war against Russia and its French ally, intended to attack first in the west and then in the east, is explained in light of the geopolitical thesis of the British geographer and geopolitical theorist Halford Mackinder as it applies to the geographical conditions of Russia.
Russia versus Germany
Authors: Khavkin Boris
Published: May 2019

Boris Khavkin presents the traditional military and historical view of Russia as the “steamroller” of the Entente that fought the war “down to the last Russian soldier.” The Western Powers, according to this perspective, used the Russian military as a counterbalance to the German offensive in France. The chapter argues that Russia made a major contribution to the victory of the Entente despite the Russian Army’s material inferiority and the fact that Russian leaders had been repeatedly obliged by their allies to enter into unprepared offensives. These events helped create the preconditions for the Revolution of 1917.
Of Bastards and Brothers in Arms
Authors: Kronenbitter Günther
Published: May 2019

Lothar Höbelt discusses battles along Austria-Hungary’s northern front, concluding that structural deficiencies in the mobilization of the economy and personnel prevented the capabilities of Austria-Hungary from being put to effective use. The chapter outlines the offensives in Galicia and in the Carpathians as well as the “last Black and Yellow victory” at the battle of Limanova-Lapanov. Among other issues, the chapter examines the problems of multiple nationalities within the armed forces and discusses the Austro-Polish solution.
Introductory Remarks
Authors: Baberowski Jörg
Published: May 2019

Günther Kronenbitter examines the fraught relationship of Austria-Hungary and Germany during World War I. Tensions and rivalries among the allies’ leadership impacted strategic planning and military cooperation. The chapter concludes that although the alliance faced challenges, misunderstandings, rivalries, and resentment weighed little in comparison to the strategic structural conditions of the coalition war.
The Reality of War and the War Experience of Russian Soldiers on the Russian Western Front, 1914–1915
Authors: Narskij Igor
Published: May 2019

Arguing that the war in the east has been overshadowed in public remembrance by literary depictions of the war on the western front, Eva Horn delves into novelistic portrayals of the eastern front. The chapter finds that, in contrast to the traumatic technologized trench warfare of the west, the “wild war” on the eastern front was “not a war of machines but a war of bodies and mentalities, not a war of nations but of ethnicities, not a war of destruction from a distance but a dirty, destructive interaction between enemies.”
The First World War on the Internet
Authors: Bavendamm Gundula
Published: May 2019

Gundula Bavendamm identifies and evaluates websites dedicated to remembrance of the First World War. The analysis touches on eastern European perspectives but primarily addresses examples from German-, English-, and French-language internet sources. Harnessing the concepts of communicative memory and collective memory, the chapter looks at the design and purpose of several websites created by both institutions and individuals.
Prologue to the “War of Annihilation”?
Authors: Bergien Rüdiger
Published: May 2019

Rüdiger Bergien’s concluding chapter draws on the research compiled in this volume to address the question of whether there are clear lines of continuity between the German conduct of war on the eastern front in the First World War and the Second. The chapter applies additional scholarly work on the concepts of Erlebnis (direct experience) and Erfahrung (learning experience) in its consideration of the topic.