bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Disease in Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Polytarchou Kali , Varvarousis Dimitrios , Manolis Antonis S.
Published: September 2019

:

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by venous,
arterial or microvascular thrombosis or obstetric events in the presence of persistently positive
antiphospholipid antibodies and constitutes a major cause of cardiovascular events in young people.
Τhis review highlights the pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications in patients with APS and
possible treatment options.

:

Patients with APS have endothelial dysfunction, accelerated endothelial proliferation and intimal hyperplasia,
atherogenesis, platelet activation, inflammatory products secretion and coagulation-fibrinolytic
dysregulation. Cardiovascular complications include accelerated atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome,
Libman-Sacks endocarditis, cardiomyopathy and venous, arterial or intracardiac thrombi.
Moreover, pulmonary hypertension and peripheral microvascular dysfunction are common findings.

:

Management of these patients is not well documented. The role of primary thrombosis prevention remains
controversial in individuals with positive antiphospholipid antibodies. Treatment of traditional
cardiovascular risk factors according to current guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
in the general population is recommended for primary prevention of APS. Anticoagulation therapy with
unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin overlapped with a vitamin K antagonist remains the
mainstay of the treatment for APS patients with venous thrombosis, whereas direct oral anticoagulants
are not yet recommended. Data are scarce regarding the secondary arterial thrombosis prevention and it
is not clear whether dual or triple antithrombotic therapy is necessary. To date, it is recommended to
follow current guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndrome in the general population.
New treatment targets are promising options for patients with catastrophic APS.
Primary Immunodeficiency and Cancer in Children; A Review of the Literature
Authors: Kebudi Rejin , Kiykim Ayca , Sahin Merve K.
Published: September 2019

The life span of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies has increased
due to recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Primary immune deficiencies
(PIDs) are genetic disorders that predispose patients to frequent infections, autoimmunity and malignancies.
Genomic instability due to defective DNA repair processes and other unknown mechanisms
in patients with PID leads to an enhanced risk of cancer. PIDs were originally described as
rare diseases occurring only in infants and young children, which are associated with severe clinical
symptoms. However, advances in gene sequencing technologies, have revealed that they are much
more common than originally appreciated and are present in older children, adolescents, and adults.
After infection, malignancy is the most prevalent cause of death in both children and adults with
PIDs. The overall risk of developing cancer in patients with PID is estimated to range from 4.7 to
5.7 percent. A 1.4 to 1.6-fold excess relative risk of cancer has been reported for PIDs. Increasing
awareness among physicians regarding PID and cancer may lead to earlier diagnosis which may
decrease morbidity and mortality. In this paper, we review the various categories of PIDs in children
and highlight their association with various malignancies. MEDLINE was searched to identify
articles for inclusion. Three authors have independently screened literature search results from
MEDLINE and abstracted data from studies dealing with cancers of children among primary immune
deficiencies.
Water Soluble Vitamins and their Role in Diabetes and its Complications
Authors: Deshmukh Shreeya V. , Prabhakar Bala , Kulkarni Yogesh A.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with abnormally high levels of
glucose in the blood due to inadequate production of insulin or inadequate sensitivity of cells to the action
of insulin. Diabetes has become an increasing challenge in the world. The predicted diabetic population
according to the World Health Organization is 8.7% between the age group 20-70 years. There
are many complications linked to prolonged high blood glucose levels, such as microvascular complications
and macrovascular complications. Vitamins play an important role in glucose metabolism and
the potential utility of supplementation is relevant for the prevention and/or management of diabetes
mellitus and its complications.

Methods:

Literature search was performed using various dataset like PUBMED, EBSCO, ProQuest,
Scopus and selected websites like the National Institute of Health and the World Health Organization.

Result:

Water-soluble vitamins have been thoroughly studied for their activity in diabetes and diabetic
complications.

Conclusion:

Water-soluble vitamins like B1, B3, B6, B7, B9 and B12 have notable effects in diabetes
mellitus and its related complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiomyopathy.
Bilosomes: Superior Vesicular Carriers
Authors: Palekar-Shanbhag Pradnya , Lande Supriya , Chandra Riya , Rane Drushti
Published: September 2019

In the current era, many formulations have been designed in the form of vesicular carriers
like liposomes and niosomes which have been proved to be one of the potential candidates for
drug delivery by the oral route but due to the gastrointestinal environment i.e. pH, presence of enzymes,
and bile salts, their use is limited. Because of these difficulties, research is being done to
increase the stability and efficacy of the drug. Thus bilosomes have been developed as a potential
vesicular carrier system for oral vaccine delivery, transdermal and parenteral targeted drug delivery.
The present article covers various aspects related to the novel vesicular system that is based on bile
salts called bilosomes, for targetted drug delivery systems. It includes information related to bilosome
composition, formulation techniques, characterization methods, applications in oral immunization
as vaccine delivery approach and advantages over conventional nanocarriers such as
liposomes and niosomes. It also focuses on the stability and applications of bilosomes along
with scalability and potentiality in biomedical field of oral immunization against various dreadful
diseases.
Anti-inflammatory Property of AMP-activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Noor Humaira B. , Mou Nusrat A. , Salem Liyad , Shimul Md F.A. , Biswas Soumick , Akther Rowshon , Khan Salma , Raihan Sabbir , Mohib Md M. , Sagor Md A.T.
Published: September 2019

Background:

One of the many debated topics in inflammation research is
whether this scenario is really an accelerated form of human wound healing and immunityboosting
or a push towards autoimmune diseases. The answer requires a better understanding
of the normal inflammatory process, including the molecular pathology underlying the
possible outcomes. Exciting recent investigations regarding severe human inflammatory
disorders and autoimmune conditions have implicated molecular changes that are also
linked to normal immunity, such as triggering factors, switching on and off, the influence
of other diseases and faulty stem cell homeostasis, in disease progression and development.

Methods:

We gathered around and collected recent online researches on immunity, inflammation,
inflammatory disorders and AMPK. We basically searched PubMed, Scopus
and Google Scholar to assemble the studies which were published since 2010.

Results:

Our findings suggested that inflammation and related disorders are on the verge
and interfere in the treatment of other diseases. AMPK serves as a key component that prevents
various kinds of inflammatory signaling. In addition, our table and hypothetical figures
may open a new door in inflammation research, which could be a greater therapeutic target
for controlling diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and preventing autoimmune diseases.

Conclusion:

The relationship between immunity and inflammation becomes easily apparent.
Yet, the essence of inflammation turns out to be so startling that the theory may not be
instantly established and many possible arguments are raised for its clearance. However,
this study might be able to reveal some possible approaches where AMPK can reduce or
prevent inflammatory disorders.
Novel Self-Pipelining Approach for Speed-Power Efficient Reliable Binary Multiplication
Authors: Saha Aloke , Pal Rahul , Ghosh Jayanta
Published: September 2019

Background:

The present study explores a novel self-pipelining strategy that can enhance
speed-power efficiency as well as the reliability of a binary multiplier as compared to state-of-art register
and wavepipelining.

Method:

Proper synchronization with efficient clocking between the subsequent self-pipelining stages
has been assured to design a self-pipelined multiplier. Each self-pipelining stage consists of self-latching
leaf cells that are designed, optimized and evaluated by TSMC 0.18μm CMOS technology with 1.8V
supply rail and at 25°C temperature. The T-Spice transient response and simulated results for the designed
circuits are presented. The proposed idea has been applied to design 4-b×4-b self-pipelined Wallace-
tree multiplier. The multiplier was validated for all possible test patterns and the transient response
was evaluated. The circuit performance in terms of propagation delay, average power and Power-Delay-
Product (PDP) is recorded. Next, the decomposition logic is applied to design a higher-order multiplier
(i.e., 8-bit×8-bit and 16-bit×16-bit) based on the proposed strategy using 4-bit×4-bit self-pipelined multiplier.
The designed multiplier was also validated through extensive TSpice simulation for all the required
test patterns using W-Edit and the evaluated performance is presented. All the designs, optimizations and
evaluations performed are based on BSIM3 device parameter of TSMC 0.18μm CMOS technology with
1.8V supply rail at 25°C temperature using S-Edit of Tanner EDA.

Results:

The reliability was investigated of the proposed 4-b×4-b multiplier in the temperature range -
40°C to 100°C for maximum PDP variation.

Conclusion:

A benchmarking analysis in terms of speed-power performance with recent competitive
design reveals preeminence of the proposed technique.
The Quantum Cost Optimized Design of 2:4 Decoder Using the New Reversible Logic Block
Authors: Maity Heranmoy , Biswas Arindam , Bhattacharjee Arup K. , Pal Anita
Published: September 2019

Aim and Objective:

This paper presents the quantum cost, garbage output, constant input
and number of reversible gate optimized 2:4 decoder using 4×4 new reversible logic gate which is
named as reversible decoder block or RD block.

Method:

The proposed block is implemented with a quantum circuit and quantum cost of the proposed
RD block is 8. The proposed decoder can be designed using only one new proposed block.

Results and Conclusion:

The quantum cost, garbage output, constant input and gate number of the
proposed 2:4 decoder is 9, 0, 2 and 1 which is better w.r.t previously reported work. The improvement
% of quantum cost, garbage output, constant input and number of gates are 12.5 – 77.148 %, 100 %,
33.33 – 75 % and 0 – 85.71%.
“Being a Woman” in the Shadow of Vaginismus: The Implications of Vaginismus for Women
Authors: Deliktas Demirci Ayse , Kabukcuoglu Kamile
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

Vaginismus includes some psychological conditions such as fear of pain
and avoidance from penetration. There is little knowledge about the effects of vaginismus.

Objective:

The present study aims to present the bio-psychosocial consequences of vaginismus in
women life.

Methods:

The method of the present study is a review, which is conducted on the available resources.
All relevant studies were included to present effects of vaginismus on the women.

Results:

Women who have vaginismus have many problems with self-identity, psychological and
reproductive lives. Most of the effects of vaginismus lead to another deep effect on women. Women
with vaginismus mostly describe themselves negatively. This negative self-perception affects
women’s self-esteem levels which cause psychiatric disorders. The psychiatric disorders have been
associated with vaginismus as a reason and result. It is stated in the studies that the general anxiety
and, penetration specific anxiety are related to vaginismus. This result reflects that women with
vaginismus have more anxiety about penetration. Women with vaginismus encounter reproductive
problems, who are more likely to encounter increased cesarean section and fertility problems, they
are reluctant to seek health care services, especially due to fear of the gynaecological examination.

Conclusion:

Although vaginismus is a common problem, there is little information about the effects
of vaginismus on women. Vaginismus causes psychiatric disorders and reproductive problems. The
researchers should examine how women live with vaginismus. It is also suggested that psychotherapy
techniques should include couples interventions and, researchers should examine psychological
health of women deeply.
The Relation between Preserved Social Support, Resilience (Depression and Anxiety) and Psychiatric Disorders among a Sample of Egyptian Patients on Regular Hemodialysis
Authors: Abd Al-Maksoud Ayman Al-Hosainey , Salama Al-Adl Ahmed , Fathi Asla Amir , Bahbah Eshak I. , Emad Doaa , Mokhtar Amal , Attia Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: September 2019

Background:

Patients on hemodialysis are at a high risk of psychiatric disorders as they
face an emotional challenge in addition to physical impairment.

Objective:

This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among a sample of
patients with end-stage renal disease on regular dialysis, and the effect of resilience and social support
on them.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 45 patients who had been on hemodialysis
for the past three months. Anxiety and depression were assessed with a clinical interview. The severity
of depression, perceived social support, and resilience were assessed using the Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI), Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Resilience
Scale, respectively.

Result:

The mean age of enrolled patients was 49.2 ± 14.0 years, and the mean duration of hemodialysis
was 4.5 ± 3.8 years. The prevalence of depression was 24.4% and that of anxiety was 20%.
According to our analysis, 15 (33.3%) patients were diagnosed with minor depression, 6 (13.3%)
with mild depression, 14 (31.1%) with moderate depression, and 10 (22.2%) with severe depression.
Resilience correlated significantly with a psychiatric diagnosis (p=0.004). Perceived social support
was also found to be significantly correlated with a psychiatric diagnosis (p=0.012).

Conclusion:

Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders in patients with CKD and are
considered as the main determinants of quality of life and death rate. Increasing awareness, early
evaluation, and management of depression and anxiety may improve the functional, social, and
clinical outcomes of the patients with CKD.
Implementing Digital Storytelling for Health-Related Outcomes in Older Adults: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Stargatt Jennifer , Bhar Sunil , Bhowmik Jahar , Al Mahmud Abdullah
Published: September 2019

Background

The number of older adults is increasing rapidly worldwide. Older adults face a unique set of challenges and may experience a range of psychological comorbidities. Advances in multimedia technology have allowed for digital storytelling to be utilized as an intervention for health-related outcomes.

Objective

The primary aim of the proposed systematic review is to examine the reported health-related outcomes for older adults engaged in digital storytelling. The review also aims to examine the methods associated with digital storytelling, characteristics of digital story products, and implementational considerations.

Methods

This protocol adheres to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols. We will systematically search selected electronic databases to identify studies that meet our eligibility criteria. From the included studies, data will be extracted and synthesized using a narrative approach and summarized in tables. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results

Systematic searches, data extraction and analysis, and writing of the systematic review are expected to be completed by the end of 2019.

Conclusions

The proposed systematic review will summarize the existing studies using digital storytelling to improve health-related outcomes for older adults. Results from this review will provide an evidence base for the development of digital storytelling interventions that are effective and implementable with older adults.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/15512
OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PEG-PCL-PEG TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER AS CARRIER OF DRUG USING FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN
Authors: ZYNOPSICHA ARMATAZAKA  , T. N. SAIFULLAH SULAIMAN  , ZULKARNAIN ABDUL KARIM
Published: September 2019

Objective: Triblock copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PCL-PEG, PECE) was applicated as hydrophobic drug. This study aims to optimization and characterization of PECE triblock copolymer as carriers of hydrophobic drug (ketoprofen).

Methods: Triblock copolymer of PECE was prepared with varying composition ratio of PEG and PCL by ring-opening and coupling reaction. The characteristics of triblock copolymer were characterized using FTIR and DSC. Variation composition ratio of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and ratio PECE/drug as factors for optimization using full factorial design. Ketoprofen was loaded into PECE triblock copolymer micelles by emulsification and solvent evaporation method. Responses were measured particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug solubility.

Results: The result of this study showed that a higher ratio of PCL/PEG and ratio of PECE/drug, reducing particle size, increasing EE and improving drug solubility. The optimum formula obtained by ratio of PCL/PEG is 2:1 and ratio of PECE/drug is 40:1 with particle size is 356,967±9,142 nm, EE is 57,751±0,437%, drug solubility is 32,648±0,200 µg/ml and zeta potential-18,867±2,578 mV. A full factorial design was applied to determine the optimum formula for the PECE triblock copolymer as drug carriers.

Conclusion: The PECE triblock copolymer was preparated using ring-opening polymerization method with Sn(Oct)2 as a catalyst and then continued the reaction with HMDI as coupling agent. Ketoprofen was loaded into PECE triblock copolymer using methods emulsification and solvent evaporation.
Lysophospholipid (S1P) receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Blaho Victoria , Chun Jerold , Jonnalagadda Deepa , Kihara Yasuyuki , Mizuno Hirotaka , Mpamhanga Chido , Spiegel Sarah , Tan Valerie
Published: September 2019

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Lysophospholipid receptors [70]) are activated by the endogenous lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Originally cloned as orphan members of the endothelial differentiation gene (edg) family, current gene names have been designated as S1P1R through S1P5R [52]. S1PRs, particularly S1P1, are expressed throughout all mammalian organ systems. Ligand delivery occurs via two known carriers (or "chaperones"): albumin and HDL-bound apolipoprotein M (ApoM), the latter of which elicits biased agonist signaling by S1P1 in multiple cell types [15, 39]. The five S1PRs, two chaperones, and active cellular metabolism have complicated analyses of receptor ligand binding in native systems. Signaling pathways and physiological roles have been characterized through radioligand binding in heterologous expression systems, targeted deletion of the different S1PRs, and most recently, mouse models that report in vivo S1P1R activation [74, 76]. A crystal structure of an S1P1-T4 fusion protein confirmed aspects of ligand binding, specificity, and receptor activation determined previously through biochemical and genetic studies [48, 14]. fingolimod (FTY720), the first drug to target any of the lysophospholipid receptors, binds to four of the five S1PRs, and was the first oral therapy for multiple sclerosis [26]. The mechanisms of action of fingolimod and other S1PR modulating drugs in development include binding S1PRs in multiple organ systems, e.g., immune and nervous systems, although the precise nature of their receptor interactions requires clarification [107, 28, 43, 44].
SLC6 neurotransmitter transporter family (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Bröer Stefan , Rudnick Gary
Published: September 2019

Members of the solute carrier family 6 (SLC6) of sodium- and (sometimes chloride-) dependent neurotransmitter transporters [29, 22, 70] are primarily plasma membrane located and may be divided into four subfamilies that transport monoamines, GABA, glycine and neutral amino acids, plus the related bacterial NSS transporters [99]. The members of this superfamily share a structural motif of 10 TM segments that has been observed in crystal structures of the NSS bacterial homolog LeuTAa, a Na+-dependent amino acid transporter from Aquiflex aeolicus [126] and in several other transporter families structurally related to LeuT [45].
ABCB subfamily (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Vore Mary
Published: September 2019

The ABCB subfamily is composed of four full transporters and two half transporters. This is the only human subfamily to have both half and full types of transporters. ABCB1 was discovered as a protein overexpressed in certain drug resistant tumor cells. It is expressed primarily in the blood brain barrier and liver and is thought to be involved in protecting cells from toxins. Cells that overexpress this protein exhibit multi-drug resistance [4].
SLC8 family of sodium/calcium exchangers (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Hancox Jules
Published: September 2019

The sodium/calcium exchangers (NCX) use the extracellular sodium concentration to facilitate the extrusion of calcium out of the cell. Alongside the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), as well as the sodium/potassium/calcium exchangers (NKCX, SLC24 family), NCX allow recovery of intracellular calcium back to basal levels after cellular stimulation. When intracellular sodium ion levels rise, for example, following depolarisation, these transporters can operate in the reverse direction to allow calcium influx and sodium efflux, as an electrogenic mechanism. Structural modelling suggests the presence of 9 TM segments, with a large intracellular loop between the fifth and sixth TM segments.
Adenosine turnover (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Boison Detlev
Published: September 2019

A multifunctional, ubiquitous molecule, adenosine acts at cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors, as well as numerous enzymes, including protein kinases and adenylyl cyclase. Extracellular adenosine is thought to be produced either by export or by metabolism, predominantly through ecto-5’-nucleotidase activity (also producing inorganic phosphate). It is inactivated either by extracellular metabolism via adenosine deaminase (also producing ammonia) or, following uptake by nucleoside transporters, via adenosine deaminase or adenosine kinase (requiring ATP as co-substrate). Intracellular adenosine may be produced by cytosolic 5’-nucleotidases or through S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (also producing L-homocysteine).
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Dessauer Carmen W. , Ostrom Rennolds , Seifert Roland , Watts Val J.
Published: September 2019

Adenylyl cyclase, E.C. 4.6.1.1, converts ATP to cyclic AMP and pyrophosphate. Mammalian membrane-delimited adenylyl cyclases (nomenclature as approved by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Adenylyl cyclases [9]) are typically made up of two clusters of six TM domains separating two intracellular, overlapping catalytic domains that are the target for the nonselective activators Gαs (the stimulatory G protein α subunit) and forskolin (except AC9, [21]). adenosine and its derivatives (e.g. 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine), acting through the P-site,are inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase activity [27]. Four families of membranous adenylyl cyclase are distinguishable: calmodulin-stimulated (AC1, AC3 and AC8), Ca2+- and Gβγ-inhibitable (AC5, AC6 and AC9), Gβγ-stimulated and Ca2+-insensitive (AC2, AC4 and AC7), and forskolin-insensitive (AC9) forms. A soluble adenylyl cyclase (AC10) lacks membrane spanning regions and is insensitive to G proteins.It functions as a cytoplasmic bicarbonate (pH-insensitive) sensor [5].
Haem oxygenase (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Billiar Timothy R. , Cirino Giuseppe , Fulton David , Motterlini Roberto , Papapetropoulos Andreas , Szabo Csaba
Published: September 2019

Haem oxygenase (heme,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (α-methene-oxidizing, hydroxylating)), E.C. 1.14.99.3, converts heme into biliverdin and carbon monoxide, utilizing NADPH as cofactor.
Adenosine receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Fredholm Bertil B. , Frenguelli Bruno G. , Hills Rebecca , IJzerman Adriaan P. , Jacobson Kenneth A. , Klotz Karl-Norbert , Linden Joel , Müller Christa E. , Schwabe Ulrich , Stiles Gary L.
Published: September 2019

Adenosine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Adenosine Receptors [103]) are activated by the endogenous ligand adenosine (potentially inosine also at A3 receptors). Crystal structures for the antagonist-bound [146, 305, 213, 55], agonist-bound [362, 196, 198] and G protein-bound A2A adenosine receptors [43] have been described. The structures of an antagonist-bound A1 receptor [123] and an adenosine-bound A1 receptor-Gi complex [80] have been resolved by cryo-electronmicroscopy. Another structure of an antagonist-bound A1 receptor obtained with X-ray crystallography has also been reported [51].
Motilin receptor (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Davenport Anthony P.
Published: September 2019

Motilin receptors (provisional nomenclature) are activated by motilin, a 22 amino-acid peptide derived from a precursor (MLN, P12872), which may also generate a motilin-associated peptide. These receptors promote gastrointestinal motility and are suggested to be responsible for the gastrointestinal prokinetic effects of certain macrolide antibiotics (often called motilides; e.g. erythromycin), although for many of these molecules the evidence is sparse.
Complement peptide receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Cianciulli Antonia , Coulthard Liam , Hawksworth Owen , Lee John D. , Mitolo Vincenzo , Monk Peter , Panaro Maria A. , Woodruff Trent M.
Published: September 2019

Complement peptide receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR subcommittee on Complement peptide receptors [98]) are activated by the endogenous ~75 amino-acid anaphylatoxin polypeptides C3a and C5a, generated upon stimulation of the complement cascade. C3a and C5a exert their functions through binding to their receptors (C3aR and C5aR), causing cell activation and triggering cellular degranulation that contributes to the local inflammation.
Opioid receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Borsodi Anna , Bruchas Michael , Caló Girolamo , Chavkin Charles , Christie MacDonald J. , Civelli Olivier , Connor Mark , Cox Brian M. , Devi Lakshmi A. , Evans Christopher , Höllt Volker , Henderson Graeme , Husbands Stephen , Kelly Eamonn , Kieffer Brigitte , Kitchen Ian , Kreek Mary-Jeanne , Liu-Chen Lee-Yuan , Massot Dominique , Meunier Jean-Claude , Portoghese Philip S. , Schulz Stefan , Shippenberg Toni S. , Simon Eric J. , Toll Lawrence , Traynor John R. , Ueda Hiroshi , Wong Yung H. , Zaveri Nurulain , Zimmer Andreas
Published: September 2019

Opioid and opioid-like receptors are activated by a variety of endogenous peptides including [Met]enkephalin (met), [Leu]enkephalin (leu), β-endorphin (β-end), α-neodynorphin, dynorphin A (dynA), dynorphin B (dynB), big dynorphin (Big dyn), nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ); endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 are also potential endogenous peptides. The Greek letter nomenclature for the opioid receptors, μ, δ and κ, is well established, and NC-IUPHAR considers this nomenclature appropriate, along with the symbols spelled out (mu, delta, and kappa), and the acronyms, MOP, DOP, and KOP. [116, 96, 88]. The human N/OFQ receptor, NOP, is considered 'opioid-related' rather than opioid because, while it exhibits a high degree of structural homology with the conventional opioid receptors [282], it displays a distinct pharmacology. Currently there are numerous clinically used drugs, such as morphine and many other opioid analgesics, as well as antagonists such as naloxone, however only for the μ receptor.
Orexin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Coleman Paul , De Lecea Luis , Gotter Anthony , Hagan Jim , Hills Rebecca , Kilduff Thomas , Kukkonen Jyrki P. , Porter Rod , Renger John , Siegel Jerome M , Sutcliffe Gregor , Upton Neil , Winrow Christopher J.
Published: September 2019

Orexin receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Orexin receptors [39]) are activated by the endogenous polypeptides orexin-A and orexin-B (also known as hypocretin-1 and -2; 33 and 28 aa) derived from a common precursor, preproorexin or orexin precursor, by proteolytic cleavage and some typical peptide modifications [102]. Currently the only orexin receptor ligand in clinical use is suvorexant, which is used as a hypnotic. Orexin receptor crystal structures have been solved [124, 123].
Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Caruso Vanni , Hills Rebecca , Lagerstrom Malin , Onaka Tatsushi , Schiöth Helgi
Published: September 2019

The precursor (PRLH, P81277) for PrRP generates 31 and 20-amino-acid versions. QRFP43 (named after a pyroglutamylated arginine-phenylalanine-amide peptide) is a 43 amino acid peptide derived from QRFP (P83859) and is also known as P518 or 26RFa. RFRP is an RF amide-related peptide [29] derived from a FMRFamide-related peptide precursor (NPVF, Q9HCQ7), which is cleaved to generate neuropeptide SF, neuropeptide RFRP-1, neuropeptide RFRP-2 and neuropeptide RFRP-3 (neuropeptide NPVF).
Angiotensin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Alexander Wayne , Bernstein Kenneth E. , Catt Kevin J. , De Gasparo Marc , Dhanachandra Singh Khuraijam , Eguchi Satoru , Escher Emanuel , Goodfriend Theodore L. , Horiuchi Mastgugu , Hunyady László , Husain Ahsan , Inagami Tadashi , Karnik Sadashiva , Kemp Jacqueline , Thomas Walter G. , Timmermans Pieter B. M. W. M. , Tirupula Kalyan , Unal Hamiyet , Unger Thomas , Vanderheyden Patrick
Published: September 2019

The actions of angiotensin II (Ang II) are mediated by AT1 and AT2 receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Angiotensin receptors [61, 152]), which have around 30% sequence similarity. The decapeptide angiotensin I, the octapeptide angiotensin II and the heptapeptide angiotensin III are endogenous ligands. losartan, candesartan, telmisartan, etc. are clinically used AT1 receptor blockers.
VIP and PACAP receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Fahrenkrug Jan , Goetzl Edward J. , Gozes Illana , Harmar Anthony , Laburthe Marc , May Victor , Pisegna Joseph R. , Said Sami I. , Vaudry David , Vaudry Hubert , Waschek James A.
Published: September 2019

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptors [64, 65]) are activated by the endogenous peptides VIP, PACAP-38, PACAP-27, peptide histidine isoleucineamide (PHI), peptide histidine methionineamide (PHM) and peptide histidine valine (PHV). VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors display comparable affinity for the PACAP peptides, PACAP-27 and PACAP-38, and VIP, whereas PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 are >100 fold more potent than VIP as agonists of most isoforms of the PAC1 receptor. However, one splice variant of the human PAC1 receptor has been reported to respond to PACAP-38, PACAP-27 and VIP with comparable affinity [29]. PG 99-465 [115] has been used as a selective VPAC2 receptor antagonist in a number of physiological studies, but has been reported to have significant activity at VPAC1 and PAC1 receptors [35]. The selective PAC1 receptor agonist maxadilan, was extracted from the salivary glands of sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis) and has no sequence homology to VIP or the PACAP peptides [116]. Two deletion variants of maxadilan, M65 [180] and Max.d.4 [117] have been reported to be PAC1 receptor antagonists, but these peptides have not been extensively characterised.
ZAC (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Davies Paul , Hales Tim G. , Jensen Anders A. , Peters John A.
Published: September 2019

The zinc-activated channel (ZAC, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee for the Zinc Activated Channel) is a member of the Cys-loop family that includes the nicotinic ACh, 5-HT3, GABAA and strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors [1, 2, 3]. The channel is likely to exist as a homopentamer of 4TM subunits that form an intrinsic cation selective channel equipermeable to Na+, K+ and Cs+, but impermeable to Ca2+ and Mg2+ [3]. ZAC displays constitutive activity that can be blocked by tubocurarine and high concentrations of Ca2+ [3]. Although denoted ZAC, the channel is more potently activated by protons and copper, with greater and lesser efficacy than zinc, respectively [3]. ZAC is present in the human, chimpanzee, dog, cow and opossum genomes, but is functionally absent from mouse, or rat, genomes [1, 2].
1F. Retinoic acid-related orphans (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Jetten Anton , Kang Hong Soon , Takeda Yukimasa
Published: September 2019

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (ROR, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Nuclear Hormone Receptors [10]) have yet to be assigned a deﬁnitive endogenous ligand, although RORα may be synthesized with a ‘captured’ agonist such as cholesterol [63, 62].
De la política como sacrificio.
Authors: SANTILLANA ANDRACA Arturo
Published: September 2019

El ámbito de la política toca las más diversas esferas de la vida cotidiana: lo artístico, lo ético, lo económico, lo pedagógico, lo erótico, etcétera. Quienes detentan el poder influyen en las más variadas decisiones de los individuos. La política ha rebasado las determinaciones conceptuales y ha volcado su quehacer al arte. La política está en la anticipación, en los olores, en los rostros, en los movimientos corporales, en las grandes avenidas y supermercados. La política es a su vez el arte de curar. Y si la política cura, es porque se parte del axioma de la herida. En medio de la herida se haya el sacrificio. La política es el paliativo de la destrucción indiscriminada. Es, en otras palabras, la racionalidad de la destrucción. La política crea consensos y establece convenciones, el fin: la legitimidad. La política mantiene vivo lo sagrado porque lo necesita para conquistar el poder. La política es una forma extremosa de vivir el mundo sacrificial de lo erótico. La erótica es la iniciación del buen político. Quien sabe acariciar sabe llegar. Quien domina la palabra del amor, ha de lograr refugios insaciables de la política; ha de lograr, por tanto, el reconocimiento de los límites. Precaución frente al totalitarismo.
Las ideas políticas de Platón.
Authors: SUÁREZ-IÑIGUEZ Enrique
Published: September 2019

El autor examina las ideas políticas de Platón destacando y comentando sus principales aportes. Realiza su itinerario detallado que engloba básicamente la relación entre educación, moral y política.
Isaiah Berlin: la fuerza de las ideas.
Authors: AMADOR BECH Julio
Published: September 2019

Partiendo de algunas ideas centrales de la obra de Isaiah Berlin el propósito de este ensayo es poner de manifiesto algunas de las complejas y sutiles relaciones que existen entre las ideas políticas, ordenadas a la manera de sistemas de pensamiento y el quehacer político. Siguiendo una secuencia histórico-conceptual que el propio Berlin ha expuesto en diversas obras, se definen cuatro periodos fundamentales del pensamiento político: 1. Monismo, 2. Pluralismo, 3. Iluminismo y 4. Crítica del iluminismo. En ensayo intenta hacer patente la vigencia de estas diversas corrientes de pensamiento en la política de nuestros días.
La política social en México: un enfoque descentralizador con fines de adaptación.
Authors: MOYADO ESTRADA Francisco
Published: September 2019

Durante la década de los ochenta el estilo de gestión de las políticas sociales, caracterizado por la universalidad y el corporativismo, muestran interesantes signos de transformación. El crecimiento del desempleo, de las actividades informales y de los grupos sociales, urbanos y rurales, al margen de las instituciones encargadas de la implementación de las políticas sociales, así como la reducción de los recursos gubernamentales para este tipo de políticas, dieron como resultado el diseño de una serie de programas emergentes y focalizados enmarcados en las diferentes áreas del bienestar social. La gran lección de estos programas fue que la política social para ser efectiva debería, además construir bases productivas sólidas, involucrar de manera importante la participación social y emprender su descentralización hacia el nivel regional y local.
De la crisis populista a la crisis neoliberal.
Authors: RAFFUL VADILLO Elías
Published: September 2019

En el presente ensayo se analizan las decisiones de política económica que se generan a partir de la crisis financiera en México de diciembre del 1994. En la primera parte del ensayo se abordara la crisis populista de los años ochenta. En la segunda parte se intentan señalar las diferencias entre los países industrializados y los Países Menos Desarrollados (PMDs), que complican la explicación a la teoría de la elección pública como sustento teórico de las políticas neoliberales
Variaciones sobre Calasso.
Authors: AYALA BLANCO Luis Alberto
Published: September 2019

En este ensayo se explora la posesión a partir del texto La locura que viene de las Ninfas de Roberto Calasso.
¿Existe una valoración de la educación?.
Authors: LINCE CAMPILLO Rosa María , CAMPOS CÁZARES María Eugenia
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo constituye un análisis en torno a un estudio realizado por el área de Metodología, adscrita a la Coordinación de Formación Básica Común de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la UNAM, en relación a los factores que contribuyen y afectan la valoración de los profesores, por parte de los alumnos, en las evaluaciones de desempeño del profesorado de dicha facultad.
La caricatura y la política.
Authors: AYALA BLANCO Fernando
Published: September 2019

Este ensayo presenta la relación entre política y la caricatura, como representación gráfica en la cual se deforman exageradamente los rasgos o vicios característicos de una persona, institución, situación o idea, denotando una marcada intención humorística y crítica.
La ciencia política en la encrucijada: Entrevista con David Easton.
Authors: CANSINO ORTIZ César
Published: September 2019

Entrevista con David Easton
La influencia del lenguaje en el desarrollo del conocimiento.
Authors: LINCE CAMPILLO Rosa María
Published: September 2019

En este trabajo se presentan una serie de reflexiones sobre el papel activo que juega el lenguaje en el proceso de conocimiento, es decir, la relación pensamiento-lenguaje. En el más estricto sentido gnóstico, admitimos que es posible conocer pero, ?lo que capto del fenómeno es el número o el fenómeno? percepción sensible o apariencia. Lo que expreso ?significa para los demás, lo mismo que para mi?, ?Puedo saber lo que otra persona piensa por la forma en como lo expresa? ?Cómo dirimir lo válido en la interpretación? Todas estas preguntas constituyen preguntas guía en el desarrollo hermenéutico.
El cambio político en tiempos de reforma económica.
Authors: RAMÍREZ PERAZA Omar
Published: September 2019

El presente trabajo es un intento por dilucidar las variables más importantes del proceso de democratización del sistema político mexicano interrelacionando dos procesos de cambio: por un lado, las transformaciones económicas impulsadas la década anterior, como producto de la crisis del modelo económico, y por otro, la necesidad de un cambio político estimulado por esta reforma económica, en un proceso de democratización que tiene como característica principal el desmantelamiento gradual y pausado del régimen actual mexicano.
Ernest Becker: el poder frente así mismo.
Authors: AYALA BLANCO Luis Alberto
Published: September 2019

En este trabajo se aborda la vida y obra de Ernest Becker, bajo la reflexión que dilucida del poder.
Pequeña digresión sobre el poder y el resentimiento.
Authors: AYALA BLANCO Luis Alberto
Published: September 2019

Este artículo recupera una reflexión lúcida sobre el poder, el ser y el resentimiento. El poder es fuerza, capacidad, mando, actualización de las potencias: explosión inconsciente de un querer que no teme querer, es decir, ausencia de culpa puesto que no existe ninguna instancia trascendente que emita un juicio universal sobre el bien y el mal: simplemente magnitudes de fuerza que se erigen como índice diferencial de los seres. Es partiendo de esta reflexión que se ahonda sobre la relación entre poder y resentimiento.
La sexualidad: de la esfera pública al dominio privado (Diálogo con A. Giddens).
Authors: MARGOLIS SCHWEBER Elías
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo ahonda en torno de la obra de Anthony Giddens, La transformación de la intimidad, y como se debate, al menos en la modernidad, su permanencia en la esfera pública o dentro del dominio privado.
Cuba: las raíces de la Revolución.
Authors: CAREAGA Gabriel
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo hace un recorrido por la historia de la Revolución Cubana, mostrando los distintos momentos que la conforman, para acabar con una crítica muy lúcida sobre la condición actual de Cuba. Fragmento de la investigación en proceso "Cuba: la revolución moderna y los valores políticos democráticos".
Las elecciones de 1997. El voto por la alternancia.
Authors: SIRVENT GUITÉRREZ Carlos
Published: September 2019

Este artículo nos presenta un análisis sintético de las consecuencias y escenarios que han traído, en el ámbito de la repartición y funcionamiento del poder político, las elecciones de 1997.
Cine políticamente (in) correcto.
Authors: JIMÉNEZ RUÍZ Orlando , RODRÍGUEZ ÁLVAREZ Gabriel
Published: September 2019

Vamos a desarrollar una serie de ideas encaminadas a la descripción de un fenómeno volátil y aparentemente invisible en el tiempo, pero que guarda una relación intrínseca con los miembros de una sociedad masificada. Esa es la esencia de lo que aquí nos ocupa: las relatividades entre el quehacer social que implica la Política con el arte industrial por excelencia: el Cine.
Algunas implicaciones filosóficas y políticas de L’art Poètique de Nicolás Boileau.
Authors: BAZÁN BONFIL Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

Normalmente, cuando se piensa en "Poéticas" como la de Aristóteles y Horacio, se les relaciona únicamente con quehaceres literarios y se les considera preceptivas obligatorias, casi manuales de composición. Este artículo intenta mostrar -partiendo de L'art Poètique y la "traducción" del Traité du Sublime de Longino hechos por Boileau (1674)- cómo en la Francia de fines del siglo XVII las implicaciones de esta clase de textos llegaban mucho más lejos, afectando tanto la noción y los modelos de conocimiento (en función de las adhesiones a Aristóteles o a Platón en lo que toca al valor de la imitación), como la autoridad real de Luis XIV y las relaciones de poder entre el rey y sus súbditos (en función del modelo que se escogiera para representar a la autoridad: Homero, Alejandro Magno y Moisés).
Notas para una revisión comparada del Sistema Presidencial y del Sistema Parlamentario y alguna breve consideración del caso mexicano.
Authors: PANTOJA MORÁN David
Published: September 2019

Texto presentado en la "Semana de la Ciencia Política", FCPyS, UNAM, abril de 1998.En la mesa redonda "El futuro del presidencialismo en México. Sistema presidencial vs Sistema Parlamentario"
México en el 2000.
Authors: BARTLETT DÍAZ Manuel
Published: September 2019

Conferencia dictada el día 7 de septiembre como parte del ciclo de conferencias "México en el 2000", organizado por la Coordinación de Ciencia Política, FCPyS-UNAM.
El concepto del hombre como concepto indispensable para la teoría de la sociedad. Apuntes sociológicos desde el punto de vista de la teoría de las distinciones.
Authors: JOKISH Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

Rodrigo Jokisch critica a Luhmann porque deja la categoría de hombre fuera de su concepto de sociedad. En oposición a Luhmann, entiende al hombre como el inicio de la sociedad. El hombre es la condición de posibilidad de la sociedad. Si la sociedad está constituida por hombres observando a los hombres, deberíamos tener acceso a la sociedad. Sin embargo, el hombre no está determinado y necesita una interpretación.
La diferenciación en la representación de grupo.
Authors: MARION YOUNG Iris , ROQUEÑÍ IBARGÜENGOITIA María del Carmen
Published: September 2019

Este artículo aborda la representación de los grupos o minorías al interior de las instituciones políticas, su necesidad y desventajas, puesto que las políticas, propuestas y argumentos de la representación especial de grupo enfrenta muchas objeciones. Una de éstas resulta particularmente importante porque proviene del compromiso de atender y no de ignorar la diferenciación social, con el propósito de reducir la dominación y la opresión. La representación de grupo implica que cuando se expresan los intereses y se asumen posiciones públicas sobre determinados asuntos, los grupos dominantes dentro de los grupos supriman o releguen las visiones de las minorías. En este ensayo se consideran estos problemas a la luz de la representación de grupo.
El Estado, el mercado y la administración pública: un enfoque público de su relevancia institucional.
Authors: UVALLE BERRONES Ricardo
Published: September 2019

El ensayo analiza y explica la relevancia del Estado, el mercado y la Administración Pública en cuanto instituciones pilares para el desarrollo de la sociedad moderna; asimismo, se enfatizan los procesos de interacción que dan origen a la definición, formulación e implementación de políticas con base en la pluralidad y democratización del poder.
Los cambios estructurales e ideológicos del Partido Revolucionario Institucional de 1929-1997.
Authors: NAVARRETE ÁNGELES David
Published: September 2019

En este trabajo se refieren los principales cambios estructurales al interior del PRI en su historia. La acción del partido para adecuarse al contexto mexicano. Se describe también la situación interna del partido ante de disyuntiva de la elección presidencial del año 2000 y su posible salida. En la segunda parte se abordan escritos acerca de la reforma política a partir de 1997.