bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antigen Receptor Specificity and Cell Location Influence the Diversification and Selection of the B-1a Cell Pool with Age
Authors: Tsuji Naomi , Rothstein Thomas L. , Holodick Nichol E.
Published: June 2020

B-1a cells provide immediate and essential protection from infection through production of natural Ig, which is germline-like due to minimal insertion of N region additions. We have previously demonstrated peritoneal B-1a cell–derived phosphorylcholine-specific and total IgM moves away from germline (as evidenced by an increase in N-additions) with age as a result of selection. In young mice, anti-phosphatidylcholine Abs, like anti-phosphorylcholine Abs, contain few N-additions, and have been shown to be essential in protection from bacterial sepsis. In this study, we demonstrate the germline-like status of phosphatidylcholine (PtC)-specific (PtC+) peritoneal B-1a cell IgM does not change with age. In direct contrast, the splenic PtC+ B-1a cell population does not preserve its IgM germline status in the aged mice. Furthermore, splenic PtC+ B-1a cells displayed more diverse variable gene segments of the H chain (VH) use in both the young and aged mice as compared with peritoneal PtC+ B-1a cells. Whereas the peritoneal PtC+ population increased VH12 use with age, we observed differential use of VH11, VH12, and VH2 between the peritoneal and splenic PtC+ populations with age. These results suggest disparate selection pressures occur with age upon B-1a cells expressing different specificities in distinct locations. Overall, these results illuminate the need to further elucidate how B-1a cells are influenced over time in terms of production and selection, both of which contribute to the actual and available natural IgM repertoire with increasing age. Such studies would aid in the development of more effective vaccination and therapeutic strategies in the aged population.
Blade Structural Load/Airload Correlation on a Slowed Mach-Scaled Rotor at High Advance Ratios
Authors: Wang Xing , Jung Yong Su , Baeder James , Chopra Inderjit
Published: June 2020

To expand the cruise speed of a compound helicopter, alleviating the compressibility effects on the advancing side with reduced rotor RPM is proved to be an effective design feature, which results in high advance ratio flight regime. To investigate the aerodynamic phenomena at high
advance ratios and provide data for the validation of analytical tools, a series of wind tunnel tests were conducted progressively in the Glenn L. Martin Wind Tunnel with a 33.5-inch radius fourbladed articulated rotor. In a recent wind tunnel test, the rotor blades were instrumented with
pressure sensors and strain gauges at 30% radius, and pressure data were acquired to calculate the sectional airloads by surface integration up to an advance ratio of 0.8. The experimental results of rotor performance, control angles, blade airloads, and structural loads were compared with
the predictions of comprehensive analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis coupled with computational structural dynamics (CSD) structural model. The paper focuses on the data correlation between experimental pressure, airload, and structural load data and the CFD/CSD predicted
results at various collective and shaft tilt angles. Overall, the data correlation was found satisfactory, and the study provided some insights into the aerodynamic mechanisms that affect the rotor airload and performance, in particular the mechanisms of backward shaft tilt, the effect of
hub/shaft wake, and the formation of dynamic stall in the reverse flow region.
Medication Understanding and Health Literacy among Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Study Conducted in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Fahad Imtiaz , Aziz Farina , Huque Sumaiya , Ether Sadia Afruz
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Medication understanding is critical for patients who suffer from multiple chronic conditions in order to reduce medication error and is often associated with poor health outcomes and low adherence. This study aims to identify the gap of medication knowledge among multiple chronic condition patients in Bangladesh, in order to aid physicians and other healthcare providers in improving health literacy.

Methods

Individual interviews of a convenience sample of multiple chronic condition patients in Bangladesh were held where they were asked a number of questions for assessing medication related literacy.

Results

More than 26% patients failed to cite the brand name of all their prescribed medications while the rate of patients not knowing the generic names was far worse (88.1%). Nearly 1 out of every 4 patients did not know the purpose of all their medications and more than half of the participants (55%) did not know the strengths of their drugs. While knowledge about medication routes and regimen was satisfactory, awareness regarding risk factors of medicine was lowest of all. Only 1 out of every 4 patients had a habit of reading drug information leaflet. Patient's ability to correctly state the purpose of their medication seemed to be positively associated with age (p=0.004) and negatively associated with number of medicines taken (p=0.03).

Conclusions

Many patients demonstrated poor health literacy regarding medication. Routine review of medications from physician or health provider can significantly improve their health literacy, leading to better treatment outcome and medication adherence.
50 sfumature di violenza. Femminicidio e maschicidio in Italia, Barbara Benedettelli
Authors: Bruschi Gianfranco
Published: June 2020

Il libro porta all'attenzione un tema, quello delle relazioni violente, da un punto di vista nuovo rispetto alla ormai stereotipica visione di tali rapporti, rafforzata nella consumistica diffusione di uno schema che si riassume nell'identificazione della donna come vittima e dell'uomo come carnefice. È un’operazione coraggiosa anche perché è facile venire accusati di essere contro alla visione di cui sopra, alimentata dai fatti di cronaca messi in evidenza da alcuni anni, base di uno schieramento aperto e fiero che vede una figura di aggressore (maschile) ed una di vittima (femminile). (...)
Editorial
Authors: Vanni Fabio
Published: June 2020

We are writing in the midst of a planetary upheaval, navigating in a sea of uncertainty, while at the same time, trying to imagine the possible transformative scenarios that will affect each one of us. Last year, we thought of a project for the renewal of our journal which would, after thirty years, collocate it within a broader cultural spectrum; but in 2020, a historic event unfolded in its path and ours, a discontinuation, whose reach and course are difficult to determine. (...)
Evaluation of the Presence of Neuropathy and Pruritus in Predialysis Patients
Authors: Söylemez Cansu , Emre Ufuk , Köse Sennur , Tekesin Aysel
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Neuropathy is seen in approximately 70% of patients in the predialysis stage; it is more common in individuals with pruritus, which may be an indicator of neuropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of neuropathy and pruritus in the predialysis stage.

Methods:

The study included 60 patients in the predialysis stage and 30 volunteer controls. Neuropathic symptoms and severity and frequency of itching were recorded. The polyneuropathy (PNP) protocol and sympathetic skin responses (SSRs) were examined.

Results:

Electromyographic PNP was detected in 28.3% of the patients and pruritus in 36.7%. There was no significant difference in terms of neuropathy and SSR between the groups with and without pruritus (P > 0.05). Body mass index (BMI,P < 0.05) and uric acid levels (P = 0.022) were higher in the group with pruritus. The group in the predialysis stage was divided into two groups according to the stages. There was no difference between the groups in terms of neuropathy and pruritus (P > 0.05), whereas the amplitude and velocity of the median nerve, amplitude and velocity of the tibial nerve, amplitude of the sural nerve, and velocity of the peroneal nerve motor were found to be higher in the control group than in the two groups in the predialysis stage. Furthermore, a prolongation of the distal latency median motor nerve was found in two groups in the predialysis stage compared with the control group (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the presence of neuropathic symptoms and pruritus (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

More than one-third (36.7%) of the patients had pruritus. Increased BMI and uric acid levels showed that it could be important to evaluate the patients in the predialysis stage.
Survey of leaf-cutting ant species in native vegetation and monocultures in the State of Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Arruda Filipe Viegas de , Pesquero Marcos Antônio , Pesquero Marcos Filipe , Santos João Danilo dos
Published: June 2020

Leaf-cutting ants are distributed exclusively in the Americas. For this study, we sampled different areas of native vegetation and monocultures to survey the leaf-cutting ants that occur in the State of Goiás, and to what environments they are associated. We recorded six species of leaf-cutting ants: Atta sexdens, Atta laevigata, Acromyrmex subterraneus, Acromyrmex disciger, Acromyrmex ambiguus, and Acromyrmex hispidus. The last four were registered for the first time for the State of Goiás.
Morfometria das operárias de Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em áreas de floresta ombrófila amazônica
Authors: Nascimento Alexsandra Cordeiro , Fernandes Itanna Oliveira , Souza Jorge Luiz Pereira
Published: June 2020

A morfometria tem sido uma ferramenta útil em estudos de taxonomia de formigas, auxiliando a evidenciar as diferenças existentes entre espécies, ampliando, assim, as possibilidades de comparações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência das medidas morfométricas na separação das espécies de Ponerinae. O material utilizado foi proveniente de coletas realizadas em áreas de floresta ombrófila amazônica, distribuídas em cinco localidades. Estas localidades estão vinculadas a dois projetos ecológicos: 1) Projeto de Ecologia, Avaliação e Monitoramento de Florestas Tropicais (TEAM) e 2) Programa de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade (PPBio). Foram realizadas quatro medidas morfométricas: comprimento da cabeça, da mandíbula e do pecíolo e altura do pecíolo nas espécies de Ponerinae. Medimos 157 operárias, sendo 39 espécies, entre dez gêneros. O texto corrobora a hipótese sobre a eficiência das medidas morfométricas na separação de algumas espécies de Ponerinae. As medidas morfométricas agregam informações adicionais para a identificação das espécies de formigas Ponerinae na Amazônia brasileira, além de auxiliarem na identificação de novos táxons.
Elena Diehl (1949-2018): uma cientista pioneira na mirmecologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Zoppas de Albuquerque Emilia , Faria Florencio Daniela , Kern Junqueira Luciane , Haubert Fabiana , Sacchett Franciele , Da Silva Marcia Eloisa
Published: June 2020

A mirmecóloga brasileira Elena Diehl (1949-2018) desenvolveu sua carreira científica na Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, ao longo de 36 anos. Formada em História Natural, em 1970, pela mesma instituição, consagrou sua carreira acadêmica aprofundando questões sobre genética, comportamento, controle biológico, história natural e diversidade de formigas e térmitas do Rio Grande do Sul. Um dos marcos de sua obra foi o livro intitulado “Formigas: organização social e ecologia comportamental”, publicado em 1995. A pesquisadora participou ativamente da consolidação do curso de graduação em Ciências Biológicas e da formação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, foi editora-chefe do periódico Acta Biologica Leopoldensia e participou da formação de 64 estudantes de graduação e mestrado. Como chefe do Laboratório de Genética de Insetos Sociais, publicou 80 artigos científicos, um livro e 15 capítulos de livros. Até hoje, a história da mirmecologia do Rio Grande do Sul se confunde com a própria história da pesquisadora. Elena Diehl foi uma cientista pioneira de sua geração, um exemplo da atuação feminina bem-sucedida no campo da mirmecologia no Rio Grande do Sul e no Brasil e uma das poucas mulheres a chefiar um laboratório de pesquisa, na segunda metade do século XX.
Acervo de Formicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) da Coleção Entomológica Adolph Hempel, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo
Authors: De Oliveira Amanda Aparecida , Franco Kayhê Paiva Alves Cury , Teixeira Ingred Nóbrega , Yamakawa Wagner , Ide Sergio
Published: June 2020

A preservação de informações a respeito de biodiversidade é muito importante para inúmeros campos da ciência. As coleções biológicas são responsáveis por guardar essas informações. Dentro da Mirmecologia, campo responsável pelos estudos das formigas, daremos destaque, neste texto, às informações históricas da Coleção Entomológica Adolph Hempel, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, com especial referência ao acervo de formigas. A coleção de Formicidae contém 15.700 espécimes, identificados em 357 espécies, distribuídas entre 61 gêneros, pertencentes a dez subfamílias, com predomínio de Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Formicinae e Dorylinae, que constituem 78% do acervo. Em relação ao material-tipo, o acervo contém 16 espécimes, distribuídos entre noves espécies.
Primeiro registro de bivaque arbóreo para a espécie de formiga de correição Eciton rapax Smith, 1855 (Formicidae: Dorylinae)
Authors: Lima Hilario Povoas , Châline Nicolas Gérard , De Lima Raquel Leite Castro , Châline Ronara De Souza Ferreira
Published: June 2020

A formiga de correição Eciton rapax é uma espécie de formiga ainda muito pouco conhecida quanto à sua história natural. Os hábitos de nidificação de E. rapax ainda permanecem pouco estudados, sendo uma importante lacuna para a compreensão da ecologia dessa espécie. Nosso estudo registrou e descreveu locais de nidificação de E. rapax. O estudo foi realizado em uma região de mata primária, no município de Bragança, no estado do Pará. Colunas de forrageio de E. rapax foram encontradas e seguidas até seu local de nidificação, entre julho de 2018 e janeiro de 2020. Foram encontrados 5 bivaques, que foram descritos e localizados. Quatro bivaques eram subterrâneos, embaixo de troncos caídos, buracos deixados por outros animais ou entre raízes aéreas de árvores. Um bivaque situava-se na parte oca de uma árvore, a aproximadamente 3 metros de altura. Nossos dados mostram que além de hábitos subterrâneos de nidificação já descritos na literatura para a espécie, Eciton rapax também pode nidificar fora do subsolo, em cavidades situadas nas partes altas das árvores, em um local seguro e livre das inundações das estações chuvosas.
Energy Efficiency, Emission Energy, and the Environment
Authors: Bongers Anelí
Published: June 2020

This paper studies the implications of environmental policies for energy efficiency and emission efficiency. We develop an environmental-economic model in which energy consumption produces pollutant emissions that negatively affect productivity. We find that an energy efficiency improvement provokes the “rebound effect” but also increases energy consumption and pollutant emissions. By contrast, a technological improvement in emissions leads to a rise in energy consumption but a reduction in emissions.
Changes in Teaching Efficacy Beliefs among Elementary Preservice Teachers from a STEM-focused Program: Case Study Analysis
Authors: Thomson Margareta Maria , DiFrancesca Daniell , Carrier Sarah , Lee Carrie , Walkowiak Temple A.
Published: June 2020

Four case studies of preservice teachers enrolled in a STEM-focused elementary teacher preparation program are used to document changes in mathematics and science teaching efficacy over the course of one academic year. Qualitative analysis revealed that all four case studies experienced changes in their mathematics and science teaching efficacy beliefs over the course of the year. Participants described unique ways of understanding their growth (or lack thereof) in teaching efficacy, the trajectory of teaching efficacy over the course of the year, and the role of teacher training in changing their efficacy beliefs.
A New Paradigm for STEM Learning and Identity in English Language Learners: Science Translation As Interdisciplinary, Multi-Modal Inquiry
Authors: Gray Patricia , Germuth Amy , MacNair Jessica , Simpson Claire , Sowa Sarah , van Duin Nancy , Walker Claudia
Published: June 2020

This two-year case study examined multi-modal, interdisciplinary approaches to engage both immigrant English Second Language (ESL) and English Language Learners (ELL) in STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) learning and to build STEM identity and self-efficacy. Leveraging innate abilities, multiple intelligences, and self-identified interests, children in Grades 3 through 8, new to America and STEM, became inquiry-based researchers of sound-making, soundscapes, and nonverbal communication systems in diverse species including human music-making using technology, analysis, communication research, and observation skills. Using generative and lateral thinking methodology for science translation, interdisciplinary methods, and team-based learning, the students demonstrated increased STEM interest, STEM learning, and STEM skill sets while developing self-efficacy as STEM learners and communicators.
A Case Study Approach to STEM Supervision: A Collaborative Model for Teaching and Principal Preparation
Authors: Kubasko Dennis , Rhodes Ginger , Sterrett William
Published: June 2020

School principals are responsible for supervising STEM teachers, yet many principals did not teach in the STEM fields and have limited training in STEM content, process and practice. This presents a challenge for principals when they observe STEM classrooms and provide feedback to teachers. In this paper the authors describe a study about principals’ views of STEM classrooms and the observational feedback principals provide to those teachers. The results of the study suggest principals need a deeper understanding of reform minded STEM process and practice, and alternative approaches to providing teachers with observational feedback. Building on the results of the study, the authors present a collaborative model (Innovating Teaching and Learning Leadership (iTALL)) for preparing pre-service principals and pre-service STEM teachers and describes training in the STEM process and practice. Observational exercises are discussed and changes in observational protocols when conducting classroom walk-throughs are described.
Escritura autónoma y nivel de uso del sistema de escritura en el último curso de Educación Infantil. Estudio de un caso
Authors: Gutiérrez Ponce María Isabel , Sánchez Rodríguez Susana
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo estudiamos las producciones escritas de 25 niños del último curso de Educación Infantil en dos tareas de escritura autónoma, una de ellas al dictado y otra que exigía además la producción del contenido del texto. Nos proponemos valorar la diversidad de niveles de uso del sistema de escritura dentro del grupo y también en función de la propia tarea, en el momento previo al ingreso de los niños en la educación obligatoria, con el fin de ofrecer elementos de reflexión para el desarrollo profesional del docente.
El arte de no enseñar lengua
Authors: Devis Herraiz María Amparo
Published: June 2020

Reseña de:

CANTERO SERENA, F. J.

El arte de no enseñar lengua

Barcelona: Octaedro Universidad, 2019.
Usos do passado sensível no ambiente digital: o “Brasil: Nunca Mais Digital” e o projeto “eva.stories”
Authors: Castro Miguel Barboza
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo refletirá sobre usos do passado sensível no ambiente digital. Para tanto, serão utilizados como objetos de análise duas iniciativas: o “Brasil: Nunca Mais Digital” e o “eva.stories”. A primeira iniciativa diz respeito ao projeto lançado em 2013, que insere o acervo do “Brasil: Nunca Mais” na era digital, tornando seus arquivos acessíveis a qualquer pessoa em qualquer parte do mundo – antes disponíveis apenas em acervos físicos, impressos ou microfilmados. A segunda é o projeto “eva.stories”, criado em 2019, que parte da seguinte premissa: “E se uma menina, durante o Holocausto, tivesse Instagram?” A iniciativa se utiliza do Instagram (principalmente do formato “stories”) para desenvolver setenta episódios retratando eventos ocorridos com Eva Heyman – adolescente de 13 anos enviada ao campo de concentração em Auschwitz-Birkenau, em 1944. O objetivo do artigo visa por em perspectiva essas iniciativas (inseridas em seus respectivos contextos históricos, técnicos, metodológicos etc.), a fim de pensar seus usos e refletir sobre efeitos da instrumentalização do passado em ambiente digital (e no escopo da histórica pública). A ideia é pensar o papel da internet enquanto catalisadora de formas de disseminar, resistir e pensar sobre a memória e eventos traumáticos, além de compreender sua interação com diferentes audiências.
La Politica del Historicismo en el Discurso Jurídico Multicultural: la Jurisprudencia Constitucional sobre la Identidad de los Pueblos Indígenas y la Idea de Nación en Colombia
Authors: Cortés Oscar André López , Curieux Tulio Enrique Rojas
Published: June 2020

En este artículo argumentaré que una política del historicismo determina el discurso jurídico y de esa manera, construye un relato lineal del tiempo en que los eventos se suceden de forma cronológica con el fin de ordenar la vida de las personas afectadas por ese discurso. Para mostrar la manera como dicho proceso tiene lugar, se expone la tensión suscitada entre la idea de nación presente en la Constitución Política colombiana de 1991 y la noción de identidad que promueve el multiculturalismo jurídico, mediante un estudio de algunas de las sentencias más relevantes en este aspecto, proferidas por la Corte Constitucional colombiana.
O Estado como Acionista Minoritário nas Sociedades Privadas
Authors: Niebuhr Pedro De Menezes , Assis Luiz Eduardo Alterburg de
Published: June 2020

O artigo analisa o fenômeno da participação minoritária do Estado nas sociedades empresárias. Aborda-se: (i) as principais ca- racterísticas das empresas estatais e o que as diferencia das empresas controladas; (ii) a forma como o Estado pode assumir a condição de acionista controlador sem a maioria do capital social e as implicações desse controle no regime jurídico dessas sociedades; (iii) o regime jurídico das sociedades com participação estatal minoritária sob controle privado e as principais causas que justificam a participação estatal des- provida de poder de controle. Conclui-se que a empresa controlada pelo Estado sofre influxo parcial do regime publicístico, eis que o Estado não pode se desvincular, como acionista contro- lador, dos princípios que regem sua intervenção no domínio econômico. Por outro lado, a participação estatal minoritária não dispensa o Esta- do de adotar práticas de governança e de con- trole proporcionais à relevância, à materialidade e aos riscos do negócio.
Vertical transport of sediment-associated metals and cyanobacteria by ebullition in a stratified lake
Authors: Delwiche Kyle , Gu Junyao , Hemond Harold , Preheim Sarah P.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Bubbles adsorb and transport particulate matter in a variety of
natural and engineered settings, including industrial, freshwater, and
marine systems. While methane-containing bubbles emitted from anoxic
sediments are found widely in freshwater ecosystems, relatively little
attention has been paid to the possibility that these bubbles transport
particle-associated chemical or biological material from sediments to
surface waters of freshwater lakes. We triggered ebullition and quantified
transport of particulate material from sediments to the surface by bubbles
in Upper Mystic Lake, MA, and in a 15 m tall experimental column. Particle
transport was positively correlated with the volume of gas bubbles released
from the sediment, and particles transported by bubbles appear to originate
almost entirely in the sediment, rather than being scavenged from the water
column. Concentrations of arsenic, chromium, lead, and cyanobacterial cells
in bubble-transported particulate material were similar to those of bulk
sediment, and particles were transported from depths exceeding 15 m,
implying the potential for daily average fluxes as large as 0.18 µg arsenic m−2 and 2×104 cyanobacteria cells m−2 in the
strongly stratified Upper Mystic Lake. Bubble-facilitated arsenic transport
currently appears to be a modest component of total arsenic cycling in this
lake. Although more work is needed to reduce uncertainty in budget
estimates, bubble-facilitated cyanobacterial transport has the potential to
contribute substantially to the cyanobacteria cell recruitment to the
surface of this lake and may thus be of particular importance in large,
deep, stratified lakes.
Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through March 2020
Authors: Mankoff Kenneth D. , Solgaard Anne , Colgan William , Ahlstrøm Andreas P. , Khan Shfaqat Abbas , Fausto Robert S.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We present a 1986 through March 2020 estimate of Greenland Ice Sheet ice discharge. Our data include all discharging ice that flows faster than 100 m yr−1 and are generated through an automatic and adaptable method, as opposed to conventional handpicked gates. We position gates near the present-year termini and estimate problematic bed topography (ice thickness) values where necessary. In addition to using annual time-varying ice thickness, our time series uses velocity maps that begin with sparse spatial and temporal coverage and end with near-complete spatial coverage and 12 d updates to velocity. The 2010 through 2019 average ice discharge through the flux gates is ∼487±49 Gt yr−1. The 10 % uncertainty stems primarily from uncertain ice bed location (ice thickness). We attribute the ∼50 Gt yr−1 differences among our results and previous studies to our use of updated bed topography from BedMachine v3. Discharge is approximately steady from 1986 to 2000, increases sharply from 2000 to 2005, and then is approximately steady again. However, regional and glacier variability is more pronounced, with recent decreases at most major glaciers and in all but one region offset by increases in the northwest region through 2017 and in the southeast from 2017 through March 2020. As part of the journal's living archive option and our goal to make an operational product, all input data, code, and results from this study will be updated as needed (when new input data are available, as new features are added, or to fix bugs) and made available at https://doi.org/10.22008/promice/data/ice_discharge (Mankoff, 2020a) and at https://github.com/mankoff/ice_discharge (last access: 6 June 2020, Mankoff, 2020e).
Snow avalanche detection and mapping in multitemporal and multiorbital radar images from TerraSAR-X and Sentinel-1
Authors: Leinss Silvan , Wicki Raphael , Holenstein Sämi , Baffelli Simone , Bühler Yves
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Snow avalanches can endanger people and infrastructure, especially in densely populated mountainous regions. In Switzerland, the public is informed by an avalanche bulletin issued twice a day during winter which is based on weather information and snow and avalanche reports from a network of observers. During bad weather, however, information about avalanches that have occurred can be scarce or even be missing completely. To assess the potential of weather-independent radar satellites, we compared manual and automatic change detection avalanche mapping results from high-resolution TerraSAR-X (TSX) stripmap images and medium-resolution Sentinel-1 (S1) interferometric wide-swath images for a study site in central Switzerland. The TSX results were also compared to available mapping results from high-resolution SPOT-6 optical satellite images. We found that avalanche outlines from TSX and S1 agree well with each other. Cutoff thresholds of mapped avalanche areas were found with 500 m2 for TSX and 2000 m2 for S1. S1 provides a much higher spatial and temporal coverage and allows for mapping of the entire Alps at least every 6 d with freely available acquisitions. With costly SPOT-6 images the Alps can even be covered in a single day at meter resolution, at least for clear-sky conditions. For the SPOT-6 and TSX mapping results, we found a fair agreement, but the temporal information from radar change detection allows for a better separation of overlapping avalanches. Still, the total mapped avalanche area differed by at least a factor of 3 because with radar mainly the avalanche deposition zone was detected, whereas the release zone was very visible already in SPOT-6 data. With automatic avalanche mapping we detected around 70 % of manually mapped new avalanches, at least when the number of old avalanches is low. To further improve the radar mapping capabilities, we combined S1 images from multiple orbits and polarizations and obtained a notable enhancement of resolution and speckle reduction such that the obtained mapping results are almost comparable to the single-orbit TSX change detection results. In a multiorbital S1 mosaic covering all of Switzerland, we manually counted 7361 new avalanches which occurred during an extreme avalanche period around 4 January 2018.
Turismo y desarrollo en la Comunidad Quilombola de Engenho II en Cavalcante, Goiás, Brasil
Authors: Moreira Jorgeanny de Fátima R. , De Almeida Maria Geralda
Published: June 2020

El artículo tiene como objetivo discutir el turismo en la comunidad remanente de Quilombo de Engenho II, ubicada en el municipio de Cavalcante, en el estado de Goiás. Son comunidades negras que recuerdan a un período de esclavitud, de subordinación social y económica, y comenzaron a tener visibilidad desde de la década de 1990. El turismo surge como un instrumento para el etnodesarrollo y el desarrollo local. Los procedimientos metodológicos fueron lecturas de tesis y disertaciones, investigación cualitativa y mapeo de la comunidad. El estudio señala que Engenho II es un lugarterritorio en el que el turismo introducido por agentes externos valoriza principalmente a la naturaleza local con visitas a las cascadas, pero descuida el desarrollo étnico, aumenta las desigualdades socio económicas y crea el empoderamiento de las mujeres Kalunga.
Inventario y diagnóstico de los humedales estacionales del Guadalquivir medio como bienes del patrimonio territorial
Authors: Vega-Pozuelo Rafael F. , Garzón-García Rafael
Published: June 2020

Se pretende completar un inventario y análisis de diversas variables físico-funcionales relativas a los humedales estacionales del Guadalquivir medio. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un exhaustivo desarrollo metodológico que ha incluido el empleo de fuentes muy diversas, históricas, documentales, bibliográficas, cartográficas y de trabajo de campo sobre el terreno. Los resultados suponen una importante actualización de los datos existentes en inventarios realizados a lo largo de la historia, ciertamente incompletos o parciales al haberse efectuado casi siempre desde una perspectiva eminentemente biologicista y medioambientalista, relativa sobre todo a la conservación de determinadas especies de aves. Por el contrario, la aproximación propuesta incide en el valor integral de los humedales, como bienes patrimoniales, y la necesidad de considerarlos en el marco de su integración en el territorio.
La economía social y la recuperación del trabajo en Uruguay
Authors: Rieiro Castiñeira Anabel
Published: June 2020

Frente a las crisis cíclicas del capital y el alto desempleo que estas provocan, ¿cuáles son las estrategias que los/as trabajadores/as despliegan desde la economía social como forma de resistencia?. El artículo analizará las experiencias de las Empresas Recuperadas por sus Trabajadores/as (ERT) en Uruguay, abordándolas como microcampos empíricos actuales desde los cuales, en la búsqueda por resistir al desempleo, se construyen nuevas prácticas colectivas que permiten garantizar el sustento y la reproducción de la vida de los/as trabajadores/as. Con el objetivo de comprender las posibles transformaciones relacionales que se experimentan y vivencian en dichas experiencias, se propone un enfoque cualitativo que analice las siguientes dimensiones: la dirección, los mecanismos de coordinación, la división del trabajo, la distribución de la riqueza y las relaciones de explotación y dominación a la interna de los emprendimientos. Para la obtención de información y construcción de los datos, por un lado se realizó un mapeo y encuesta a 43 de las 50 ERT relevadas a nivel nacional y por otro lado se realizaron 40 entrevistas semiestructuradas a 40 de dichos emprendimientos.
Entrevista a Luis García Montero
Authors: Alonso Valero Encarna
Published: June 2020

Entrevista con Luis García Montero
A Study on Chinese Shape Taking Methods Reflected on the Character Making Process: Focusing on Major Nature Gods
Authors: YOON Changjoon
Published: June 2020

'Letters record a language' means that letters, in specific forms, represent particular meaning and sounds differentiated from others. Because one language reflects its people's way of thinking, letters also include those thinking as a sign of that language. Especially from the very beginning, Chinese characters were devised to take the shapes that represent meaning of languages rather than the signals that indicate pronunciation, therefore the shapes of Chinese characters, especially that of the ancient pictographs, can be treated directly as very precious historical data, also can be said exactly reflect social aspects of the times.But in some cases, meaning of language did not have specific shapes that represent exact meaning, so people in Shang Dynasty have to develop the system of taking shapes that represent abstract meaning.To search for this, this research made consideration on the taking shapes system of Chinese character based on the findings through the analysis of oracle-bones letters and oracle-bone inscriptions regarding The God of Nature, especially The God of dragon, wind, rainbow, sun.
The Form and the Function that Defines and Associates Definite and Indefinite Articles in English Grammar
Authors: Bryant Dennis Michael
Published: June 2020

Teachers expect that grammatical metadata is evidence-based, and not subject to inclusion of poetic licence as is evident in Twain’s ‘The Prince and the Pauper’ novel, in which two characters are found to be identical in form (being thitherto unrecognised identically shaped twins) as well as being alike in function (they both manage to pass as royal princes in-waiting). But it must be asked, could similar poetic licence have inadvertently found its way into the grammatical treatment of Articles? This question must be asked because past grammars have not used an evidence-based approach to describing Articles. To address this shortcoming, and believing that an analytical re-measurement is not out of place, this paper is confidant in proposing a substantial treatment of articles, which is based on kindred form and kindred function and not poetic licence. The methodology of this paper, which is to employ discerning exemplars of English sentences, emulates three recent publications, the first of which concerned altering word prominence in pursuit of grammatical convenience; while the remaining papers were concerned with ESL mastery of the verb complex; and lastly, the decoding of contractions. Given that some ESL learners have never required (nor acquired) Articles in order to attain first language competency (say, for example, Czech and some Baltic languages), this paper will serve to shed new light on the hidden-in-plain-sight operations of English, and could become a source document for today’s ESL teachers on the treatment of Articles.
Å skrive på barns vegne: Skriftlig framstilling av barn – et spørsmål om forskningsetikk
Authors: Pettersvold Mari
Published: June 2020

Hvordan vi skriver om barn, i forskning om og med barn, er temaet for denne artikkelen. Dette er et tema som knapt er viet plass i de mange publikasjonene om forskningsetiske hensyn når barn er deltakere i forskning. Med et metablikk på en egen studie av 41 5-åringers perspektiver på demokrati i barnehagen, ønsker jeg å vise at anvendelse av språklige ressurser kan avgjøre i hvilken grad barn framstår som subjekter med egne forestillinger. Tanken er at språklige framstillinger kan få vesentlige følger for barns deltakelse og deres rettigheter som medborgere. Dette resonnementet krever en diskusjon om det er motsetninger mellom forskerens vilje til å framstille barn til deres fordel, og å overholde krav til vitenskapelig kvalitet. Til sist utdypes det problematiske i å trekke skarpe skiller mellom forskning, formidling eller forskningsetikk, når språklige ressurser betraktes som et av forskerens viktigste verktøy.
English abstract
The way we write about children, in research where they are informants, is the topic of this article. This is an issue which is hardly devoted space in the many publications about ethical considerations when children are participants in research. With a meta glance on a study about 41 5-year-olds’ perspectives on democracy in kindergarten, I want to show that use of linguistic resources can be decisive for the extent to which children emerge as subjects with their own thoughts. The idea is that linguistic representations can have important impact for children’s participation and their rights as citizens. This reasoning requires a discussion about if there are contradictions between the researchers will to portray children to their benefit, and to comply with requirements for scientific quality. It becomes problematic to draw sharp distinctions between research, research communication or research ethics when linguistic resources are considered one of the researcher’s main tools.
Dramalek med fortelling. Om å skape rom for kulturell forståelse og identitet hos barn
Authors: Rønningen Lene Helland
Published: June 2020

Artikkelen undersøker hvordan fortellingen kan skape rom for kulturell identitet i barnehagen. Med utgangspunkt i Ricoeurs teori om fortellingens betydning for dannelse av kulturell identitet og forståelse utledes sentrale holdepunkter for en kunstpedagogikk der barns kulturelle ytringer får fokus. Her synliggjøres det hvordan interaksjon er avgjørende på alle nivå; mellom perspektiver i fortellingen, mellom fortellinger i ulike kulturer og mellom barnas egne fortellinger og det som fortelles. Det pekes også på konkrete arbeidsformer (f.eks. defining space og hotseat), som åpner dialog mellom synspunkter slik at det legges til rette for at barna blir medskapende i egen betydningsdanning og identitetsprosess.
English abstract
The article examines how narrative can make room for cultural identity in the kindergarten. On the basis of Ricoeur’s theory of narrative significance for the formation of cultural identity and understanding, key elements for an art pedagogy focused on the children’s cultural expressions are derived. The article visualizes how interaction is crucial on all levels; between different perspectives in the narrative; between narratives in different cultures; and between the children’s own narratives and the one told. It also singles out specific techniques (eg. defining space and hotseat) that facilitate dialogue from different perspectives, and thus the children’s co-creation of significance and identity.
De minste barnas lek er et dikt: Lek og lyrikk som modell for teater for de minste
Authors: Seljeseth Jorunn
Published: June 2020

«Et spor her og et spor der – et teaterdikt for de minste» er tittelen på et kunstnerisk utviklingsprosjekt og scenisk uttrykk for 1–3-åringer. Artikkelforfatter ledet prosjektet og var observatør, prosess-produktutvikler og utøver i det sceniske uttrykket. En barnehage i Kristiansand var samarbeidspartner. Utviklingsprosjektet hadde som mål å lage et scenisk uttrykk for barn ved å ha observasjon som startpunkt for den kunstneriske prosessen. Ideer fra form og innhold i de minste barnas lek ble raffinert og kunstnerisk bearbeidet til en forestilling for de aller minste. I etterkant reflekterte jeg over hva konsekvensene av mine funn kan være for scenekunst for de aller minste, og hva et nytt ståsted kan bety når en observerer deres lek. Ved å se etter poetiske kvaliteter og sammenstille fellestrekkene i 1–3-åringers lek og i lyriske dikt, kan en utvide sceneuttrykket for de aller minste. En kan videre anta at kvaliteter i form og innhold i teaterforestillinger kan utvikles ved å hente kunnskap og erfaringer fra lyrikk og poesi.
English abstract
This artistic development project had as its aim to create a theatrical expression for children using observation as the starting point for the artistic process. Ideas drawn from form and content in young children’s play were refined and artistically processed into a theatrical performance for young children. Post analysis had as its aim to see what consequences this may have for theatre for toddlers. This is a work of artistic development where I was a observer, process and product developer and actor. The focus for the article is what consequences may ensue for theatrical expression with respect to toddlers when the poetic eye is used to observe children from 1 to 3 years of age at play. By watching the common elements of toddlers’ play, theatrical expression can be expanded for the youngest children. Qualities in form and content may be developed by obtaining knowledge and experience from lyrics and poetry.
Den frie leg som børns eget følelsesarbejde: En oversigt over og diskussion af det psykodynamiske perspektiv på børns leg
Authors: Gitz-Johansen Thomas
Published: June 2020

Artiklen er en oversigt over den psykodynamiske legeteori og en diskussion af dens aktuelle relevans for særligt daginstitutionsområdet. I artiklen gennemgås ”klassiske” og nyere bidrag til teoriens udvikling, og også teoriens empiriske fundament og videnskabsteoretiske grundlag diskuteres. Det grundlæggende i den psykodynamiske legeteori er forståelsen af den spontane leg som børns måde at bearbejde og undersøge de følelser og tanker, der optager dem, og som de ikke nødvendigvis er i stand til at sætte ord på og bearbejde på anden måde. Der argumenteres for at den psykodynamiske legeteori kan bidrage med et fokus på sammenhæng mellem børns følelsesliv og den frie leg, hvilket er vigtigt i en tid, hvor der er politisk fokus på læring og målbare kompetencer på dagtilbudsområdet. Det påpeges dog også, at der mangler kvalitativ forskning, der fra et psykodynamisk perspektiv studerer børns leg i hverdagen i dagtilbud.
English abstract
The article presents a survey of the psychodynamic theories of play and a discussion of their present relevance to understanding play in day-care settings. The article includes ”classic” and contemporary contributions to the theory, and the empirical evidence and epistemological foundations are discussed. The fundamental proposal of psychodynamic play theory is that spontaneous play can function as children’s way of dealing with the emotions that preoccupy them, and which they are not necessarily capable of articulating and managing in other ways. The article argues that psychodynamic play theory offers a pertinent focus on the emotional content and functions of play. This focus seems especially relevant to include in a time where much political attention is given to cognitive learning and measurable competences in day-care settings. However, it is also pointed out that there is a shortage of evidence from psychodynamic research on children’s play in day-care settings.
”Ja, da begynner vi rett på Amir, det som er, er at du har en mamma 25 som døde i 2009, stemmer det?”– Om enslige asylbarns deltakelse i samtaler med miljøarbeidere i barnevernet
Authors: Kjelaas Irmelin
Published: June 2020

Enslige mindreårige asylsøkere er barn og unge som kommer til Norge alene for å søke asyl, uten foreldre eller andre med foreldreansvar. Dette er barn i en sårbar situasjon, som står i et spesielt avhengighetsforhold til de profesjonelle omsorgsgiverne de møter i Norge. Denne artikkelen ser nærmere på møtet mellom enslige asylbarn og miljøarbeidere på institusjon, med fokus på hvordan barna deltar i et sett av formaliserte, skjemabaserte samtaler. Gjennom en tostegsanalyse som både omfatter en mikroanalyse av konkrete interaksjonelle dimensjoner og en bredere kontekstuell analyse, demonstrerer artikkelen hvordan barna i liten grad deltar i samtalene – både når det gjelder antall samtalebidrag, typen bidrag og innhold. Dette tolkes som et resultat av en prosedyriell bruk av skjemaer, der middelet miljøarbeiderne har til å bli kjent med barna, blir målet for samtalen.
English abstract
Unaccompanied asylum seeking minors are children applying for asylum in Norway, alone, without their parents or others with parental responsibilities. These children are in a vulnerable situation, and are particularly dependant on their professional caregivers. This article investigates the communication between unaccompanied minors and social workers in an institution run by the Child Welfare Service. The focus is on how the children participate in a set of standardized, form-based conversations. Through a two-step analysis including both a microanalysis of concrete interactional dimensions, and a broader contextual analysis, the article demonstrates how the participation of the children is marginal. This is interpreted as a consequence of a procedurical use of the forms, where the means the social workers have to get to know the children, become the measure.
Understandings of self through the category of the ”unaccompanied asylum-seeking minor”: a Danish ethnography
Authors: Verdasco Andrea
Published: June 2020

This article explores and unfolds the category of the ‘unaccompanied asylum-seeking minor’ in Denmark. By studying the notions that are embedded in the category, namely age and childhood, I analyse, through the narratives of the young refugees, what it means for both their sense of self and for their everyday lives to belong to, or to be excluded from, ascribed asylum categories, while finding themselves in complex situations of uncertainty. Using ethnographic material gathered during the refugee crisis of 2015–2016, I show that the young refugees’ narratives point to contradictions in their understandings of the ‘self’, which are linked respectively to the notions of chronological age, upheld by the asylum system, and relational age operating within the context of their family relations. I further describe the changes that take place when a young refugee’s status changes from minor to adult. Finally, I suggest how these changes may be linked to contemporary Western and welfare-related notions of childhood. The findings suggest that a relational approach that goes beyond the fixity of categories in the asylum and refugee system allows for a better understanding of the young people’s situation and sense of self.