bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the vulnerability of food farming system to support climate change adaptation: A case study in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Estiningtyas W , Mulyani A , Sumaryanto  , Kartiwa B
Published: February 2021

Increasing resilience to climate change is one of the priorities of the Government of Indonesia. Climate change has a significant impact on the agricultural sector and is projected to global gross domestic product. Java Island, as a center of food production, has a strategic location because of its strong impact on food availability in Indonesia. The study aimed to provide information about the status of the vulnerability of farming system for food at the district/city level in Java Island and the determinant factors that affect the level of vulnerability. The analysis was based on soil fertility, water availability and demand, climate, and socio-economy expressed in terms of exposure and sensitivity index and adaptation capacity index using the quadrant method. The results show that 20% of districts/cities in Java have very high levels of vulnerability. The main determinants identified in Java are the ratio of the number of extension agents and the number of farmer groups/rice field area and the rice consumption ratio to total carbohydrate food. The results of this study can be used as a reference in determining priority locations and formulating adaptation programs and actions to reduce the impact of climate change.
Assessing freshwater water balance in Cimanuk River Basin
Authors: Trinugroho M W , Nguyen D H
Published: February 2021

Indramayu Estuary plays a vital role in the sufficiency of food crop production in Indonesia. Managing freshwater inflows is essential due to the complex interaction between river flow and water extraction for multiple users. This study aimed to evaluate the freshwater water balance in the lower Cimanuk River Basin, West Java, Indonesia. The hydrological, meteorological, and statistical data were analyzed the water availability and demand. The Water Evaluation and Planning System model was used to evaluate water demand and supply, taking into account changes in river flow. The model was calibrated using the streamflow and the water requirement for irrigation, fishery, domestic, and industries. The study showed that the Lower Cimanuk River Basin’s current water shortages were relatively high, indicated by flow discharge of only 2.7 to 48.04 CMS from August to December 2020. This shortage would become a critical constraint in which coverage of water demand does not satisfied water users for irrigating food crop cultivation in the areas and it is threatening the sustainability of food need nationally. Therefore, it is necessary to store freshwater inflow in the study area for the relevant decision-makers by rubber dam restoration at the lower Cimanuk River Basin.
Soil CO2 emissions from a rubber plantation on tropical peat during a strong El Niño year
Authors: Wakhid N , Nurzakiah S
Published: February 2021

El Niño event potentially enhances the soil CO2 emissions due to the prolonged of the dry season which lowers the groundwater level more. However, field information on the effect of the El Niño years on the soil respiration is limited in Indonesia’s peatlands. The aim of this study is to compare the soil respiration between normal and El Niño years. We measured soil CO2 efflux using a closed chamber system monthly, in near and far positions from rubber trees, on the dry season from July to October, in normal year of 2014 and strong El Niño year of 2015, on a rubber plantation established on peat soil. No significant relationship was found between soil respiration with groundwater level or soil temperature. We found that soil respiration in the strong El Niño year of 2015 of 9.56 μ mol m−2 s−1 was significantly larger than that in the normal year of 2014 at 5.11 μ mol m−2 s−1. We expected this finding can be used as the first baseline information regarding soil CO2 emissions under different climatic conditions and challenging how to manage the peatland for mitigating high soil CO2 emissions during El Niño events.
Excessive amount of rainfall decreases oil palm yield on well-drained peatland
Authors: Marwanto S , Hendri J , Salwati
Published: February 2021

Low inputs of smallholder plantation in drained peatland causes the low oil palm yield. Extreme environmental factors in tropics, such as excessive rainfall, may also reduce the yield. The research objective was to evaluate the effect of the amount of rainfall on oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield. Two study sites with different drainage condition of well (WD) and fair (FD) drained oil palm plantations on peatland was carried out from 2018 to 2019 in Jambi Province, Indonesia. The daily rainfall was monitored using a manual rain gauge. FFB yield was monitored every two weeks, following the farmer’s practice. This study showed that the excessive amount of rainfall in WD plantation site decreased FFB yield in the subsequent weeks after the rainfall events. The higher the amount of rainfall the longer the recovery of FFB yield occurs. The lowering FFB yield was possibly affected by nutrient deficiency due to nutrient transportation through water movement during the event of high rainfall amount. The FFB yield in the FD site was not affected by rainfall, reflected the higher nutrient availability of FD compared to that of WD. Based on these findings, it is confirmed that well-drained agricultural peatland is a fragile ecosystem in terms of nutrient loss.
Dynamics of carbon of peat soils under several land uses in Kampar Peninsula, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Suratman  , Widiatmaka  , Pramudya B , Purwanto M Y J , Agus F
Published: February 2021

One of the main sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions is CO2 from peat decomposition. Land management, especially drainage, can trigger decomposition, causing carbon content depletion in peat soils. In this study, carbon dynamic was evaluated under various land uses of the peatland in Kampar Peninsula, Riau, Indonesia. Secondary data from 2016, supplemented by primary data until 2018 have been analysed to obtain multi-temporal data. The dynamic of land use types was analysed by interpreting multi-temporal imagery and ground check in the field. Results show that from 2016 to 2018, there was a soil carbon content decrease in the lands with intensive management, namely estate corps, Industrial Forest Plantation (IFP) and upland crops ranging from 0.12 to 1.39% per year. On the other hand, there was an increase of average carbon content on unmanaged land, covered by grass and shrub, between 0.24 to 0.75% per year. Below-ground carbon stock in the study area was between 1,926 to 6,644 Mg ha−1, the lowest was happened to be in abandoned bush land, and the highest was in the peat forest-bush area, and the variation was related to the peat depth.
Climate change impact on rice productivity in the rainfed Merauke District, Papua
Authors: Beding P A , Palobo F , Tiro B M W , Lestari R H S , Rumbarar M K
Published: February 2021

Rainfed rice are highly dependent on rainfall resulting limitation on planting period. Meanwhile, the rainfall itself is greatly influenced by climate change. Furthermore, plant growth and quality depend on the interaction between environmental factors and plant genetic factors. This study aims to determine the impact of climate change (rainfall) on rainfed rice productivity in Merauke Regency. The research was conducted in the rainfed area of Merauke Regency as focused production center of rice. The data used in this study were data on rainfall, temperature, solar radiation, humidity, planting area, harvest area and yield. The research method used in this research is descriptive method (descriptive analysis) quantitative and qualitative analyzed by regression correlation. The climate change in 2015 gave a negative effect on rainfed lowland rice production in Merauke Regency due to decreasing of the harvest area that affected on decreasing in rice production.
Planting time options to improve rice productivity based on the Integrated KATAM recommendations
Authors: Dewi E R , Susanti E , Apriyana Y
Published: February 2021

The information system of integrated cropping calendar (KATAM) has been broadly applied in Indonesia and become a guideline for the users entering the next planting season, however, it allows limited options of planting time of one season. The aim of this study was to evaluate planting time scenarios to improve rice productivity using the crop simulation model Agricultural Production System Simulator (APSIM) in Bogor. Options evaluated considered three planting times, the growing season and water treatment. The simulated productivity values between 3 planting times were compared and analyzed. Result showed that APSIM could simulate productivity with a reasonably good accuracy (EF=0.74) across the different planting times following the season. For the irrigated rice, the late planting resulted similar productivity to the KATAM planting within the rainy (5.1 to 5.5 t ha−1) and dry season (5.6 to 5.8 t ha−1), whereas the early planting resulted the lowest productivity (3 to 5 t ha−1). For the rainfed rice, the early planting presented the same productivity as the KATAM planting within the rainy (2.9 to 3.2 t ha−1) and dry season (4.0 to 4.3 t ha−1), respectively. This study confirmed simulation modeling is a useful tool in providing options for rice cropping systems and that a planting time based on the prevailing season conditions will ensure the acceptable rice productivity.
Quantifying the potency of greenhouse gas emission from manure management through anaerobic digester in Central Java
Authors: Sarah  , Susilawati H L , Pramono A
Published: February 2021

Indonesia has committed to reduce 29% of national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by its own efforts and 41% with international support by 2030. The livestock releases methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from enteric fermentation and manure management. The anaerobic digester can capture CH4 emission from manure and it can be used for bio-energy to replace LPG and kerosene. This study aims to estimate GHG emission from manure management and its reductions through anaerobic digestion in Central Java Province during 2010–2015. The data were collected through questionnaire surveys, interviews, and institutional data collections. GHG emissions from livestock and its mitigation were estimated using the IPCC 2006 Tier 1 method. The results showed that Central Java has GHG emission from the livestock of 1,546.26, 1,658.38, 1,775.99, 1,708.46, 1,745.37, and 1,817.52 Gg CO2 from 2010 to 2015, respectively. The anaerobic digestion avoided CH4 emission approximately 11.55 - 117.43 Gg CO2 per year. Methane avoidance could substitute the energy around 0.50 - 5.08 Gg CO2 per year. Anaerobic digesters are processes that convert cow manure into biogas rich in methane, which can reduce indirectly GHG emissions from animal waste. Manure management through a digester produces biogas that can be used to replace non-renewable energy such as LPG and kerosene.
Comparison of methane production from cattle, buffalo, goat, rabbit, chicken, and duck manure
Authors: Hidayat C , Widiawati Y , Tiesnamurti B , Pramono A , Krisnan R , Shiddieqy M I
Published: February 2021

Livestock manure is reported to be one source of methane (CH4) emission. The objective of this study was to measure methane production from several types of livestock manure. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD), with 6 kinds of livestock manure (cow, buffalo, goat, rabbit, chicken, and duck). Each treatment was repeated three times during 8 weeks. The research method used to measure methane production was a closed chamber method, with intervals of 5 minutes. Methane samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. The results of the study showed that during eight weeks of observation, the kinds of livestock manure significantly (p <0.05) affected methane production at weeks 3, 6, 7, and 8. In those weeks, duck manure produced the highest methane production compared to other manure. Total methane gas production during 8 weeks observation which produced by duck manure was 97.99 mg g−1. Meanwhile, the lowest methane produced by rabbit manure (2.70 mg g−1). The study concluded that duck manure produced the highest methane, conversely, rabbit manure produced the lowest methane. The characteristics of fresh manure determine the level of methane production from manure. Making biogas is the best effort in mitigating methane from manure.
Nutrient content and greenhouse gas emissions of goat manure compost processed without and with decomposer
Authors: Puastuti W , Yulistiani D , Widiawati Y
Published: February 2021

Processing of livestock manure into compost needs to be done to increase its nutrient availability and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the compost of goat manure processed without and with decomposer on nutrients content and greenhouse gas emissions. Three treatments were Control = 100% manure; C-Dec1 = 85% manure + 15% sawdust + 0,25% urea + 0,25% TSP + 0,25% Decomposer1; C-Dec2 = 85% manure + 15% sawdust + 0,25% urea + 0,25% TSP + 0,25% Decompposer2. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. The results showed that application of the two decomposers significantly affected fermentation temperature. The methane gas emitted from C-Dec1 and C-Dec2 compost were 341 and 340 ppm, which were less than control being 623 ppm. However, there was no difference on methane gas emissions between C-Dec1 and C-Dec2 groups. The usage of both decomposers did not significantly affect the N2O gas emissions, compost nutrients contents, and ratio C/N. From this study it can be concluded that goat manure compost processed using decomposer produced less methane gas emissions, while the nutrients content of composts produced from the three groups were similar.
Cropping calendar analysis for dry season 2020 in Indonesia
Authors: Pramudia A , Apriyana Y , Adi S H , Kartiwa B , Suciantini  , Misnawati  , Firda D
Published: February 2021

Indonesia has various rainfall characteristics that result variations in the initial planting time and cropping patterns. The Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System is a guidance for planting rice, maize, and soybean at the right time with sufficient water availability conditions. This paper aimed to analyse the planting schedule and potential planting area of rice, maize, and soybeans in the dry season 2020 at 7,062 sub-districts in Indonesia. Input data were rainfall prediction, spatial-based ETP, soil water availability, wetland area, and rice cropping index. The stages were the analyses on rainfall, calculating soil water balance, and determining potential planting area. The results illustrated that the mean rainfall intensity and rainfall intensities of <60 and 200-300 mm mo−1 were predicted as the widest rainfall coverages in April-June and July-September. The potential planting areas for rice, maize, and soybean were 5,259,661, 1,263,575, and 559,545 ha, respectively. Rice and maize initial planting periods were mainly in April II-II, while soybean in July III-August. Potential planting area for rice can be expanded to become 6,674,428 ha by applying additional water supply from alternative sources at the potential areas of maize and soybean.
Enteric methane emission and growth rate of three different breeds of beef cattle fed on oil palm frond or grass basal diet
Authors: Yulistiani D , Widiawati Y , Puastuti W , Tiesnamurti B , Hayati S Y
Published: February 2021

Enteric methane emission in ruminants is affected by the feed quality. The study aimed to evaluate the performance and enteric methane emission of three beef cattle breeds fed on grass or oil palm frond basal diet. The study used three cattle breed, namely Bali, Ongole crossbred, and PO crossbred. The cattle were fed on grass or oil palm frond (OPF) basal diet and supplemented with concentrate based on palm kernel cake (PKC). Diet was fed in total mixed ration contained 12% crude protein. The study was conducted in a randomized block design in a 3x2 factorial arrangement. Results showed that the growth rate, dry matter digestibility, and enteric methane emission were not affected (P>0.05) by the interaction of cattle breed and basal diet type. No main factor affected (P>0.05) on the parameter observed. The average values of dry matter digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), methane emission, and methane intensity of the cattle were 63.38%, 359 g day−1, 91. L day-1, and 177.32 gCH4 kg ADG−1, respectively. The study indicates that OPF could be used as a basal diet of beef cattle without affecting its performance. Cattle breeds had similar performance either fed on grass or OPF basal diet.
Response of planting methods to rice productivity and greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Susilawati H L , Kartikawati R , Setyanto P
Published: February 2021

Intensively cultivated rice field is one of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) contributors to the atmosphere. Soil cultivation of Gogorancah or Direct-Seeded Rice (DSR) has been introduced to save water and reduce GHG emissions from rice field because rice plants grow under aerobic condition after seed germination. This study aims to evaluate GHG emissions, yield component and rice yield to different planting methods: Transplanted Rice (TPR) and DSR. The study was carried out at farmer’s field namely D. Waru, Adiwerna and K. Banteng Sub District in Tegal District, Central Java. The closed chamber method with the unit consisted of a cubic chamber (50 × 50 × 100 cm) and a frame base (50 × 50 × 15 cm), and gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the nitrous oxide (N2O) and CH4 fluxes. The results showed that the DSR increased yield components and reduced CH4 emissions. The DSR could significantly increase grain yield than TPR at D. Waru and K. Banteng approximately 26 and 49%, respectively. The DSR could be an option for reducing global warming potential (GWP) and maintaining rice yield. However, further studies are needed to identify suitable management practices for reducing both CH4 and N2O emissions without any trade-off.
Analysis of monthly rainfall to study planting time of paddy in swamp area
Authors: Firda D , Muslim R Q , Banurea I R , Fauziah D M , Misnawati
Published: February 2021

Rainfall is one of the climate factors that strongly affect swampland paddy cultivation regarding its water conditions in the rainy season. The research aimed to identify the paddy planting time in freshwater and tidal swampland based on monthly rainfall. Rainfall data were obtained from Climate Hazards Center Infrared Precipitation with Stations data (CHIRPS) for 20 years (2000 to 2019). Planting area and planting time data were collected from field surveys through interviews with local farmers and agricultural extension agents. This study has conducted a descriptive analysis of harvest area data and annual rainfall rate. The Result showed paddy cultivation in freshwater affected by land typology and monthly rainfall. Planting time of paddy in shallow swamp begin in March or April. In the medium swamp area, planting time starts in June. While planting time in the deep swamp starts in August. In the tidal swamp, paddy cultivation for type C was more affected by rainfall. Local farmers in freshwater swamp plant paddy once a year, while in the tidal swamp, farmer can cultivate crop twice a year, namely paddy and corn.
The resilience of the agricultural system in the midst of the climate change issue in West Kalimantan
Authors: Maharani R S , Prihatmaja H , Karyaatmadja B , Sutedja I G N N , Kanzaki M
Published: February 2021

Population growth and land management are severe issues in Indonesia as a developing country. This condition leads to the food security problem and creates a high demand for land to become an agricultural area. Meanwhile, Indonesia is known for having two-third of the terrestrial area as forest area and at the same time, the availability of the agricultural area is limited. These opposite issues are creating a phenomenon in forest conversion to become an agricultural area. Due to this situation the agricultural sector is considered as the sector responds for “deforestation- leading-to-climate change” in Indonesia as happened in Labian Village, West Kalimantan. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of an involvement of the forest-dependent- community of Labian Village in the investment program of forest and climate change to combat the deforestation-leading-to-climate change issues through the activities of sustainable agriculture. Based on an explorative study from the five-year project, it is known that sustainable agriculture can be done back-to-back with the mission to avoid encroachment to the forest area. By implementing the participatory land-use planning as a tool of sustainable land management, the community now can maximize the utility from their land and generate sufficient welfare.
Adaptation to and mitigation of climate change in the Bangsri Micro-watershed, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hairiah K , Prayogo C , Kurniawan S , Sudarto
Published: February 2021

Land use change in the Bangsri sub-catchment of the Brantas basin in East Java during the past three decades has increased both local and global climate vulnerability, by degrading soils and contributing to net greenhouse gas emissions, respectively. Our study aimed to estimate land use change and its impact on net carbon emissions, as well as to formulate strategies for adaptation to and mitigation of climate change downstream of a National park. We analyzed land cover changes from satellite imagery and measured carbon stocks in biomass, necromass and soil (0 to 30 cm) pools. Satellite imagery of land cover in 1994, 2001, 2011 and 2017 showed a decrease in natural forest area and an increase in the area of shrubs, agroforestry, production forests and annual crop land. Net CO2 emission increased from 2.4 to 6.4 Mg ha−1 year−1 in the periods 2001 to 2011 and 2011 to 2017, respectively. Sand mining is the most destructive land use pattern in the area, as it leaves soil profiles stripped of their topsoil. Vulnerability to less reliable rainfall has been addressed by the common creation of small reservoirs and the abundant use of irrigation for vegetables growing under partial shade in the agroforestry zone.
The concentration of enteric methane from cattle fed different fibre level
Authors: Krishna N H , Anggraeny Y N , Mariyono  , Pamungkas D
Published: February 2021

The study aimed to predict the concentration on cattle’s enteric methane fed with different crude fibre (CF) content. Twenty-four male Bali cattle were fed with three different rations of A (low CF), B (medium CF) and C (high CF). At the end of the study, the rumen fluid was taken at 0 and 3 h after feeding, analysed for partial VFA to predict the concentration of enteric methane formed. The experiment design was a completed randomized design with three treatments and eight replications. Prediction of methane concentration at 0 and 3 h and their increase were not differed among treatments. At 0 h, the predicted methane concentrations of treatments A, B and C (mean ± SEM) were 12.59 ± 0.561 mmol L−1, 9.53 ± 1.737 mmol L−1 and 9.06 ± 1.041 mmol L−1, respectively. While at the 3 h were 16.64 ± 1.19 mmol L−1, 14.2 ± 1.052 mmol L−1 and 16.24 ± 1.495 mmol L−1, respectively. The increasing methane concentration up to 3 h was 42.74 ± 16.895%, 79.39 ± 16.332% and 58.00 ± 11.120%. It was concluded that the difference in fibre ration content had not affected the concentration of methane up to 3 h after feeding.
Space-based drought analysis to support agricultural insurance facing climate change
Authors: Shofiyati R , Takeuchi W , Pasaribu S M , Irawan Y R
Published: February 2021

The long drought experienced in Indonesia in the past was identified as one of the main factors in the failure of rice production. The application of rice crop insurance was introduced since 2015 to help rice farmers who suffered from farm damage. The claim was increased year by year, with the highest in 2018-2019 (12,253 ha). The main problem associated with the insurance claim is the delay of inspection of the drought-affected land. Meanwhile, various satellite data can provide relevant information more quickly for those affected areas. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential use of satellite data to detect drought to support the rice crop insurance program. Daily and monthly rainfall data derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) and Multifunctional Transport Satellites (MTSAT) were analyzed to identify meteorological drought. Agricultural drought is studied through the character of several indices from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Preliminary results showed that up to 89.45% of the analysis comformed with field conditions. Satellite data has its potential to be utilized in the identification of claims on agricultural insurance which requires information on land damage due to drought.
Estimated time for supply and drainage of water for rice planting in freshwater swampland
Authors: Mayasari V , Hairani A , Sosiawan H , Karolinoerita V
Published: February 2021

Information about the timing of supply and drainage to the land is important. This aims to minimize crop failure and increase swamp rice productivity. The highest water requirement occurs in the first week of October, namely 1.21 mm day−1, while the lowest water requirement occurs in January III to April week III. In the dry conditions, runoff that occurs 0.04 to 5.71 mm day−1 is estimated to occur on January 1 to May 10 and November 22 to December 31. While the land will require water from 0.06 to 6.31 mm day−1 on May 11 to November 21. In a normal conditions, runoff will occur 0.05 to 12.89 mm day−1, estimated on January 1 to June 13 and October 26 to December 31, and requires a water supply of 0.04 to 4.20 mm day−1 on June 14 to October 25. Meanwhile, in the rainy conditions there will be a runoff of 0.05 to 16.72 mm day−1, estimated to occur on January 1 to July 9 and September 29 to December 31. As well as land will require water of 0.02 to 1.30 mm day−1, is expected to occur on 10 July to 28 September.
Improving productivity of rice yield on tidal swampland using soil amendment
Authors: Alwi M , Yusuf W A , Fahmi A
Published: February 2021

The main problems faced in the development of acid sulphate soils as agricultural land include: the presence of a pyrite layer, high soil acidity, high metal element solubility, and low nutrient availability. The objective of the paper was to describe the efforts to improve the productivity of acid sulfate soils through the provision of ameliorant. Amelioration is an effort to provide reactive materials into the soil with the aim of improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, so that soil productivity increases. The results showed that the application of ameliorant in the form of straw compost as much as 3.6 t ha−1 in rice cultivation on acid sulphate land reduced the solubility of Al-dd soil up to week 8 and the provision of rock phosphate equivalent to 220 kg P ha−1 could increase available P from 27.14 to 41.15 ppm P, Ca-dd from 0.14 to 0.24 cmol kg−1, and acid sulphate soil pH from 3.42 to 3.63. Al poisoning damages the root system so that plants are susceptible to drought stress and experience nutrient deficiency which results in decreased of rice yields.
Water-saving irrigation management for mung bean in acid soil
Authors: Sosiawan H , Adi S H , Yusuf W A
Published: February 2021

Indonesia’s dry agricultural lands development requires support of appropriate water-saving irrigation technology to cope water shortages. Especially for mung bean, irrigation based on crop-water requirement is needed due to the short vegetation phase that water shortages could increase the risk of yield lost. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of irrigation level on the growth and yield of mung bean. This research conducted in acid soil through two factors of completely randomized design in a greenhouse. The first factor was irrigation volume, i.e., 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the crop water requirement, the second factor was mung bean varieties, i.e., Merak and Vima 1, with three replicates respectively. The results showed that drip irrigation increased water use efficiency. Moreover, water requirement for mung bean during the growth period was 320.72 mm, with tolerable water stress just reached up to 80% of the standard water requirement. The response of irrigation water to crop height was shown at 30 Day After Planting (DAP). This research also identified that Vima 1 was significantly responsive and adaptive to water stress, so it has a very good opportunity to be developed on dry land acid soil in Indonesia.
Land characteristics and management for the development of Geragai Agro Techno Park Jambi Province
Authors: Hendri J , Purnamayani R
Published: February 2021

Geragai Agro Techno Park (ATP), Jambi Province is a pilot area to accelerate agricultural technology transfer. The ATP pilot area is built in a swampland agro-ecosystem which requires optimal land management. The purposes of this study were to identified soil chemical properties at ATP, to build partitioned canals based on hydro-topography and land characteristics, and to contribute to land management at ATP. This study was carried out using a direct survey by observing field conditions, taking and analysing soil samples, interviewing farmers, and conducting a literature study in January - December 2016. Based on the results, the soil fertility rate at ATP was in the low to the moderate category with 80 to 120 cm pyrite layer depth. Based on soil survey, hydro-topographic survey, and land characteristics, it is recommended to build partitioned canals on these lands to prevent pyrite oxidation and maintain water availability during the rainy and dry seasons. With the partitioned canal, Geragai Agro Techno Park can increase the cropping index to 300 with the rice-secondary crop-secondary crop pattern adjusted to farmer preferences.
Effects of peat fires on soil chemical and physical properties: a case study in South Sumatra
Authors: Sulaeman D , Sari E N N , Westhoff T P
Published: February 2021

Peat fires have been an annual environmental crisis in Indonesia. In 2015, large parts of the country’s peat were burned, impacting the health, education, and livelihoods of millions of Indonesians. Communities living on peat have practiced the burning of peatlands for a long time as they are convinced that this process will improve soil fertility. However, this assumption is not justified. This study examined the effect of a peat fire in 2019 in South Sumatra by comparing samples taken on an affected and unaffected smallholder oil palm plantation. These samples were analyzed to see the impact of fires on the peat soil. Results show that the ash content increased drastically by 57%. The fires improved the soil pH by 6%. However, the severe peat fires also caused negative impacts on soil fertility by reducing total nitrogen (6%), cation exchange capacity (8%) and soil organic carbon (2%). Furthermore, this study showed that peat fires decrease water retention capacity by 1 to 12 %. Contrary to popular belief among local farmers, this study shows the negative consequences of slash and burn activities on peat chemical and physical properties.
Effectiveness of rice straw with biodecomposer and biofertilizer application in new land clearing in Merauke, Papua
Authors: Wulanningtyas H S , Wulandari S , Sudarsono  , Kasim A , Lestari M S , Baliadi Y
Published: February 2021

In order to fulfil rice production, there were new land clearing programs outside Java, including Merauke, Papua. There were several obstacles on rice cultivation in this area such as low soil fertility which has an effect on less optimal production. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of rice straw with biodecomposer and biofertilizer application for improving soil quality in new land clearing in Merauke, Papua. The research design was a split plot with the main factor was fertilizer (with and without rice straw with biodecomposer and biofertilizer application). The sub factor was three kinds rice varieties. The data were collected consist of soil chemical and biological properties, the rice growth and yield components. The results showed the addition of fertilizer did not significantly improved soil quality in new land clearing in Merauke, Papua. On the contrary, biofertilizer affect to seed vigor and viability in the nursery. The fertilizer addition significantly effected on rice growth and yield components, it was suspected by rice varieties having different resistance to pests and diseases and straw as compost will suppress the blast growth through temperature factor during decomposition. The highest yield was reached by Inpari 33 of 8.20 Mg ha−1.
Increasing productivity of rice through iron toxicity control in acid sulfate soils of tidal swampland
Authors: Khairullah I , Saleh M , Alwi M , Masganti
Published: February 2021

Increasing rice productivity in acid sulfate soil of tidal swampland face several obstacles, including iron toxicity that can reduce rice growth and yield. This paper describes how to control iron toxicity for increasing rice productivity in acid sulfate soils of tidal swamplands based on the research results. Iron toxicity control could be done through water management, amelioration and fertilizer application and using high yielding varieties (HYV’s) tolerant. Water management intermittently one week combined with delay planting 14 to 21 days increased rice growth and yield higher than that of being flooded continuously and flushing system. Amelioration using 5 t ha−1 of straw and Eleocharis dulcis compost increased rice growth and yield 16.4% compared with dolomite 2 t ha−1. Fertilizer 90 kg ha−1 N, 60 to 90 kg ha−1 P2O5 and 100 to 125 kg ha−1 K2O combined with seed treatment using CaO 75% of seed weight increased yield. Using HYV’s such as Margasari, Mendawak, Inpara 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9 also increased rice yield up to 31% compared with Margasari. By combining water management, amelioration and fertilizer application, using tolerant varities rice coud increase so that rice production can be significantly increased at acid sulfate soils of tidal swamplands.
Application of mulch and soil ameliorant for increasing soil productivity and its financial analysis on shallots farming in the upland
Authors: Haryati U , Irawan  , Maswar
Published: February 2021

Technology to improve soil quality is required on degraded uplands. This study aimed to determine the effect of mulch and soil ameliorant on soil quality and shallots yield. The study was conducted in March to June 2017 in Garut Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The experimental design used was splitplot design with 3 replications. Main plot was type of mulch consisted of 3 treatments (no mulch, plastic, straw), while sub-plot was soil ameliorant application consisted of 5 treatments: farmer practise (B-1), B-1 + recommended fertilizer, B-1 + 5 t ha−1 dolomite, B-1 + 5 t ha−1 biochar, B-1 + 5 t ha−1 dolomite + 5 t ha−1 biochar). The results showed that dolomite increased pH, K2O, P2O5, Ca-exch and base saturation. Straw mulch and soil ameliorant increased total pore space, aeration pore, aggregate stability index and permeability. The highest yield (18.8 t ha−1) was achieved at treatment without mulch with farmer practise plus biochar (5 t ha−1) and plastic mulch with farmer practise plus dolomite (5 t ha−1) and biochar (5 t ha−1). The incremental yield was about 15.0% compared to farmer practise. The research treatments were financially feasible with ratio R/C of 1.5 - 2.4.
Long-term impact of single biochar and compost application on soil aggregation
Authors: Schnee L S , Koehler H , Ngakou A , Eickhorst T
Published: February 2021

Soil aggregation is an important indicator of soil quality and highly responsive to management such as application of organic amendments. Compost generally increases aggregate stability and enhances soil microbial activity, while the effects of biochar on these factors remain inconclusive. We investigated the effect of biochar and compost on soil aggregation and microbial abundance at an experimental soil rehabilitation site in Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. Sampling was carried out 3.5 years after installation of the site. Both amendments improved bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, pH, and base saturation. Cation exchange capacity and soil organic matter (SOM) content were rather a function of soil texture than influenced by the amendments. Bacterial abundance increased in the compost, but not in the biochar treatment. Fungi were more frequent in smaller aggregates, but did not respond to the treatments. Macroaggregates 400 – 2,000 µm contributed ca. 75 % of the soil functions assessed. Yet, SOM content was 4 times higher in microaggregates < 50 µm than in macroaggregates throughout all treatments. We conclude that single applications of organic amendments can have positive long-term effects on soil aggregation in undisturbed degraded soils, particularly in the macroaggregate fraction. Microaggregates harbour fungal hyphae and are rich in SOM, independent of amendments.
The effect of fly ash application to Acacia growth and heavy metals leaching on peatland
Authors: Subiksa I G M , Suastika I W , Husnain
Published: February 2021

Research was focused on the effect of fly ash application on peatland at Lalang Kabung Village, Pelalawan Regency, Riau. The research objectives were to compare the effect of 3 types of fly-ash to the growth of Acacia crassicarpa and to investigate the potential on heavy metal pollution in groundwater of peatlands. The study was conducted using a randomized block design with 8 combined treatments with the type and rate of fly ash. Groundwater quality was monitored from a piezometer installed among 4 acacia trees. The results showed that the application of all 3 types fly ash significantly affect to acacia plant growth as indicated by the increased of stem diameter and plant height. Biomass fly-ash was better compared to coal and mixed fly-ash. The higher rate of fly-ash resulted on the better acacia growth. The results of water quality measurement taken from piezometer showed that there were 5 types of heavy metals detected in groundwater namely Pb, Co, Ni, Mo and Zn, but the concentration was still below the regulation threshold. There was no significant difference in heavy metal content among treatments both with and without fly-ash application.
Amelioration and variety selection to increase shallot yield in peatlands
Authors: Lestari Y , Maftu’ah E
Published: February 2021

Productivity can be achieved by improving fertility and using adaptive varieties. The research aimed to determine the effect of ameliorant types and onion varieties on soil properties and shallot yield in peatlands. The research was carried out on degraded peatland in Kalampangan, Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan from April to September 2017. The experiment was arranged using a factorial randomized block design with four replications. The first factor was the ameliorants type (A1 = 100% manure, A2 = 50% rice husk biochar + 50% manure, A3 = 50% rice husk ash + 50% manure, and A4 = compost formulated from 40% weeds + 40% manure + 20% agricultural lime). The second factor was the shallot variety of Bima and Bauji. Observation variables included available P, exchangeable K, plant growth and yields. Manure was better than others for increasing the availability of P and K. The highest yield of shallot obtained by Bauji variety which applied ameliorant 100% manure. Shallot yields in peatland were more influenced by ameliorant type than varieties so the ameliorant was very important for the success of shallot development in peatland. The Bauji variety is quite adaptive in peatlands, so it can be recommended for larger development.
The effect of extension on community knowledge in peatland management: Case study in Rasau Jaya Village, Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan
Authors: Sanudin  , Fauziyah E
Published: February 2021

Since 1974, farmers in the Rasau Jaya Dua Village have interacted with peatlands. Agricultural yields on peatlands have not reached maximal yields. Farmers’ knowledge on plant pest and disease controls, post-harvest processing and marketing and utilization of peat water for fish farming is still limited, so that extension and assistance are needed. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of extension on community knowledge in peatland management. The study was conducted in the Rasau Jaya Village, Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan Province from October to November 2018. This research used a survey method by randomly sampling 32 farmers from five farmers’ groups. This research implemented pre-test and post-test group design. The result showed that extension with the lecture and discussion method had a significant effect on increasing farmers’ knowledge in peatland management. To increase farmers’ knowledge in peatland management, it is necessary for intervention through extension by encouraging and involving institutions related to peatland management, such as community assistance organizations, agencies such as office of the agriculture, cooperative, small and medium enterprises, and trade and industry, and other institutions.
Dynamics of acidity and electrical conductivity due to seawater amelioration in total reclaimed acid sulphate soils, South Kalimantan
Authors: Mayasari V , Lestari Y
Published: February 2021

The objective of our research was to determine the effect of inundation using seawater on the pH and EC of acid sulphate soils This research consisted of 2 stages, an incubation experiment carried out in the greenhouse, Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute (ISARI), Banjarbaru South Kalimantan and in the field of Handil, Maluka village, Bumi Makmur District, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan. The incubation experiment used several seawater concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50%, with randomized complete design with 3 replications. The field experiment used a raise bed system with two treatment applications: (i) without brackish water and (ii) with brackish water. The results of the incubation experiment showed that the longer the incubation period and the higher seawater concentration caused a decrease in the soil pH while increasing EC values. Conversely, incubation of potential acid sulphate soils using well water (0% seawater) resulted in increasing soil pH and EC values. Field experiments showed that the application of brackish water on acid sulphate soil gave lower soil pH than that without brackish water. Contrary, EC values of acid sulphate soil applied with brackish water were higher than those without brackish water application.
Effect of P, Zn and crop residue return on grain yield and P uptake of direct seeded rice
Authors: Viandari N Al , Wihardjaka A , Pulunggono H B , Suwardi  , Sulastri B N , Setyastika U S
Published: February 2021

Climate change greatly impacts on agricultural cultivation, including in rainfed rice fields. Improving rice crop performance and productivity in rainfed fields could be done by adaptation in dealing with climate change. This study aims were to determine the effect of providing P, Zn and Crop Residue Return (CRR) on direct seeded rice. This study was conducted at the Jakenan Experimental Station, Pati, Central Java, Indonesia from September 2012 to January 2013. A randomized block design was used, and these treatments consisted of various doses of P fertilizer (0P, ½P, P), providing Zn, and incorporation of crop residue. The observed parameters were plant height, maximum tillers per hill, productive tillers per hill, filled grain per panicle, grain yield, weight of dry straw, P-uptake. The results of this study indicated that providing P, Zn, and CRR have positive effects to plants growth and rice yield component. The treatment of ½P+ CRR + Zn took the best effect on plant growth and rice yield component. Applying of CRR and Zn could be a adaptation techniques and sustainable tools in the field that has beneficial impact for plant growth and rice yield component.
Applications of guano and K2CO3 on soil potential-P, potential-K on Andisols
Authors: Zakiah K , Maulana M R , Widowati L R , Mutakin J
Published: February 2021

The source of phosphorus and potassium for plants, which commonly from inorganic fertilizer, can be replaced by other sources such as Guano and K2CO3. Guano is organic material rich in P and other soil nutrients, which has the function as well as rock phosphate. Furthermore, potassium carbonate (K2CO3) has 56% of K, higher than KCl, which only has 52% so it has potential as a source of K for plants. This study aimed to find out the dose of Guano and K2CO3 as an alternative of P and K fertilizer on soil potential-P, potential-K, and soil reaction (pH). The experiment was conducted at Situgede Garut – West Java with an altitude of 1,200 m above sea level with soil reaction 6.05. The experiment was conducted from April to July 2018. The method used was a Randomized Block Design with nine treatments and three replications. The experiment result showed the value of soil potential-P (P2O5 HCl 25%) and potential-K (K2O HCl 25%) due to treatment of Guano and K2CO3 statistically no difference to with treatment of NPK standard. Therefore, K2CO3 and guano have potentially been used as a fertilizer compound.
Soil bacteria abundance in application of biopesticides (Bacillus aryabhattai) in swampland, South Kalimantan
Authors: Wahyuni S , Kartikawati R , Sulastri B N , Sarah  , Sutriadi M T
Published: February 2021

In rice cultivation, farmers tend to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The prolonged intensive use of agrochemicals can decrease soil quality. Chemical pesticides can be replaced with biopesticides to maintain and improve soil fertility, also to prevent the attack of plant-disturbing organisms on crops. The aim of this study was to determine the total population abundance of soil bacteria and soil quality after the application of biopesticides in the swampland in Jejangkit District. This research was accomplished in Jejangkit District, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan, which started from June to December 2019. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments and six replications. The treatments are Super Intensive and Actual Swamp (RAISA), Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute’s (IAERI) Biopesticide, Galam Biopesticide. The variety of rice used is Inpara 2. The plot size is 900 m2 by applying the Jarwo Planting system. The results revealed that the application of biopesticides could increase the total population of soil bacteria from 104 to 106 cfu mL−1. Moreover, N and P nutrient content increase from low to moderate (0.19 to 0.4) % and (13.25 to 38.87) mg P2O5 100g−1, respectively.
Effect of P fertilizer formula to the growth and yield of sweet corn on peatland
Authors: Purnomo J , Subiksa I G M
Published: February 2021

Indonesia has 14.93 million ha of peat lands spread across Sumatra, Kalimantan and Papua. Peatlands productivity is very low due to its characteristics that do not support optimal plant growth. The research objective was to assess the effect of P fertilizer application on peat lands to sweet corn yield and determine the dosage. This research has been carried out on drained peat lands in Rasau Jaya, Kubu Raya Regency in West Kalimantan. The research used a randomized complete block design with nine treatments namely Control, NK, NPK, NPK+Mg, ¾ NK+700 kg P fertilizer ha−1 and four rates of P fertilizer were 350, 700, 1,050 and 1,400 kg ha−1. The results showed that the P fertilizer application has significantly affect plant growth, ear length, ear diameter, biomass and yield of fresh sweet corn ear. The application of NK+700 kg P fertilizer ha−1 produced higher biomass by 77% and 47% compared to NPK+Mg treatment and NK treatment respectively. The application of 700 kg P fertilizer ha−1 also significantly increased fresh ears by 51% and 43% compared to NPK+Mg treatment and NK treatment respectively. The optimum rate of P fertilizer for sweet corn on peat lands is 670 to 890 kg ha−1.