bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation in wing size and shape of Drosophila melanogaster reveals rapid adaptation to environmental changes
Authors: Önder Banu Şebnem , Aksoy Cansu Fidan
Published: August 2022

Populations in seasonal fluctuating environments receive multiple environmental cues and must deal with this heterogenic environment to survive and reproduce. An enlarged literature shows that this situation can be resolved through rapid adaptation inDrosophila melanogasterpopulations. Long-term monitoring of a population in its natural habitat and quantitative measurement of its responses to seasonal environmental changes are important for understanding the adaptive response ofD. melanogasterto temporal variable selection. Here, we use inbred lines of aD. melanogasterpopulation collected at monthly intervals between May to October over a temporal scale spanning three consecutive years to understand the variation in wing size and wing shape over these timepoints. The wing size and shape of this population changed significantly between months and a seasonal cycle of this traits is repeated for three years. Our results suggest that the effects of environmental variables that generated variation in body size between populations such as latitudinal clines, are a selective pressure in a different manner in terms of seasonal variation. Temperature related variable have a significant nonlinear relation to this fluctuating pattern in size and shape, whereas precipitation and humidity have a sex-specific effect which is more significant in males.
Exploring the mechanistic link between SF3B1 mutation and ring sideroblast formation in myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Ochi Tetsuro , Fujiwara Tohru , Ono Koya , Suzuki Chie , Nikaido Maika , Inoue Daichi , Kato Hiroki , Onodera Koichi , Ichikawa Satoshi , Fukuhara Noriko , Onishi Yasushi , Yokoyama Hisayuki , Nakamura Yukio , Harigae Hideo
Published: August 2022

Acquired sideroblastic anemia, characterized by bone marrow ring sideroblasts (RS), is predominantly associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Although somatic mutations in splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1), which is involved in the RNA splicing machinery, are frequently found in MDS-RS, the detailed mechanism contributing to RS formation is unknown. To explore the mechanism, we established human umbilical cord blood-derived erythroid progenitor-2 (HUDEP-2) cells stably expressing SF3B1K700E. SF3B1K700E expressing cells showed higher proportion of RS than the control cells along with erythroid differentiation, indicating the direct contribution of mutant SF3B1 expression in erythroblasts to RS formation. In SF3B1K700E expressing cells, ABCB7 and ALAS2, known causative genes for congenital sideroblastic anemia, were downregulated. Additionally, mis-splicing of ABCB7 was observed in SF3B1K700E expressing cells. ABCB7-knockdown HUDEP-2 cells revealed an increased frequency of RS formation along with erythroid differentiation, demonstrating the direct molecular link between ABCB7 defects and RS formation. ALAS2 protein levels were obviously decreased in ABCB7-knockdown cells, indicating decreased ALAS2 translation owing to impaired Fe–S cluster export by ABCB7 defects. Finally, RNA-seq analysis of MDS clinical samples demonstrated decreased expression of ABCB7 by the SF3B1 mutation. Our findings contribute to the elucidation of the complex mechanisms of RS formation in MDS-RS.
A chromosome-level genome assembly provides insights into the environmental adaptability and outbreaks of Chlorops oryzae
Authors: Zhou Ailin , Huang Cong , Li Yi , Li Xinwen , Zhang Zhengbing , He Hualiang , Ding Wenbing , Xue Jin , Li Youzhi , Qiu Lin
Published: August 2022

Chlorops oryzae is a pest of rice that has caused severe damage to crops in major rice-growing areas in recent years. We generated a 447.60 Mb high-quality chromosome-level genome with contig and scaffold N50 values of 1.17 Mb and 117.57 Mb, respectively. Hi-C analysis anchored 93.22% scaffolds to 4 chromosomes. The relatively high expression level of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and antioxidant genes in response to thermal stress suggests these genes may play a role in the environmental adaptability of C. oryzae. The identification of multiple pathways that regulate reproductive development (juvenile hormone, 20-hydroxyecdsone, and insulin signaling pathways) provides evidence that these pathways also play an important role in vitellogenesis and thus insect population maintenance. These findings identify possible reasons for the increased frequency of outbreaks of C. oryzae in recent years. Our chromosome-level genome assembly may provide a basis for further genetic studies of C. oryzae, and promote the development of novel, sustainable strategies to control this pest.
LED-pump-X-ray-multiprobe crystallography for sub-second timescales
Authors: Hatcher Lauren E. , Warren Mark R. , Skelton Jonathan M. , Pallipurath Anuradha R. , Saunders Lucy K. , Allan David R. , Hathaway Paul , Crevatin Giulio , Omar David , Williams Ben H. , Coulson Ben A. , Wilson Chick C. , Raithby Paul R.
Published: August 2022

The visualization of chemical processes that occur in the solid-state is key to the design of new functional materials. One of the challenges in these studies is to monitor the processes across a range of timescales in real-time. Here, we present a pump-multiprobe single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) technique for studying photoexcited solid-state species with millisecond-to-minute lifetimes. We excite using pulsed LEDs and synchronise to a gated X-ray detector to collect 3D structures with sub-second time resolution while maximising photo-conversion and minimising beam damage. Our implementation provides complete control of the pump-multiprobe sequencing and can access a range of timescales using the same setup. Using LEDs allows variation of the intensity and pulse width and ensures uniform illumination of the crystal, spreading the energy load in time and space. We demonstrate our method by studying the variable-temperature kinetics of photo-activated linkage isomerism in [Pd(Bu4dien)(NO2)][BPh4] single-crystals. We further show that our method extends to following indicative Bragg reflections with a continuous readout Timepix3 detector chip. Our approach is applicable to a range of physical and biological processes that occur on millisecond and slower timescales, which cannot be studied using existing techniques.
Future growth and decline of high mountain Asia's ice-dammed lakes and associated risk
Authors: Compagno Loris , Huss Matthias , Zekollari Harry , Miles Evan S. , Farinotti Daniel
Published: August 2022

Glaciers around the world are shrinking rapidly and will continue to do so in the next decades. Anticipating the consequences resulting from such glacier changes is key to design and implement adequate mitigation measures. Here, we focus on the future evolution of potential ice-dammed and supraglacial lakes in High Mountain Asia, as such lakes are responsible for the majority of glacier lake outburst floods in the region. We identify 11,129 potential lakes at present, with a total maximum volume of 2070 million m3. We find a strong correlation between large modelled lakes and historical outburst floods. By accounting for the evolution of glaciers under different climate change mitigation measures, we project that the number of potential ice-dammed lakes could increase by between 15 and 18% until 2080, with a concomitant 45–55% increase in their volume. Our findings thus suggest that a temporary increase of glacier lake outburst floods is to be expected in the coming decades.
Current leishmaniasis drug discovery
Authors: Pinheiro Alessandra Campbell , de Souza Marcus Vinícius Nora
Published: August 2022

This review explores the wide range of compounds that are being identified as antileishmanial drug prototypes, summarize the advances in identifying innovative treatments and explore the state-of-art of vaccines and immunomodulation strategies.
Boron complexes of π-extended nitroxide ligands exhibiting three-state redox processes and near-infrared-II (NIR-II) absorption properties
Authors: Nakamura Marika , Hyakutake Risa , Morisako Shogo , Sasamori Takahiro , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro , Nakashima Kouichi , Fukumoto Hiroki , Agou Tomohiro
Published: August 2022

Boron complexes of redox-active nitroxide ligands exhibited reversible redox processes involving aminoxide, nitroxide radical, and oxoammonium cation ligands. The nitroxide radical complexes exhibited intense absorptions in the NIR-II region.
Molecular-level insight into uptake of dimethylamine on hydrated nitric acid clusters
Authors: Pysanenko Andriy , Fárníková Karolína , Lengyel Jozef , Pluhařová Eva , Fárník Michal
Published: August 2022

Uptake of dimethylamine by mixed nitric acid/water clusters is investigated by molecular-beam experiment accompanied by ab initio calculations. The clusters are probed by mass spectrometry after positive ionization and slow electron attachment.
Sustainable catalytic oxidation of 1,3-butadiene over dispersedly assembled Ce0.027W0.02Mn0.054TiOxfeaturing synergistic redox cycles
Authors: Li Qianqian , Li Chuanqi , Wang Mengjing , Su Guijin , Sun Bohua , Wu Mingge , Zhou Zhiwei , Pang Jiaxin , Meng Jing , Shi Bin
Published: August 2022

The sustainable catalytic oxidation of 1,3-butadiene could be achieved using dispersedly assembled Ce0.027W0.02Mn0.054TiOxsynthesizedviaa two-stage precipitation method governed by synergistic redox cycles among the components.
Polycarbene-bearing membrane surface containing silver species for size and charge selective molecular separation
Authors: Naik Nagaraj S. , Sherugar Prajwal , Vishnumurthy K. A. , Arthanareeswaran G. , Das Diganta B. , Padaki Mahesh
Published: August 2022

A very simple yet powerful strategy is developed for surface modification of poly(ionic liquid)-based membranes under natural sunlight, resulting in improved molecular separation efficiency.
PAC-FragmentDEL – photoactivated covalent capture of DNA-encoded fragments for hit discovery
Authors: Ma Huiyong , Murray James B. , Luo Huadong , Cheng Xuemin , Chen Qiuxia , Song Chao , Duan Cong , Tan Ping , Zhang Lifang , Liu Jian , Morgan Barry A. , Li Jin , Wan Jinqiao , Baker Lisa M. , Finnie William , Guetzoyan Lucie , Harris Richard , Hendrickson Nicole , Matassova Natalia , Simmonite Heather , Smith Julia , Hubbard Roderick E. , Liu Guansai
Published: August 2022

Fragments bind weakly to specific sites on proteins. A library where a photoactivatable group is linked to DNA encoded fragments covalently links the protein to binding fragments whose identity is determined by PCR and sequencing.
COx conversion to aromatics: a mini-review of nanoscale performance
Authors: Tian Guo , Zhang Chenxi , Wei Fei
Published: August 2022

The conversion of COx into value-added green aromatics is considered as a promising route to achieve the world's decarbonization due to its considerable thermodynamic driving force and atomic economy where low H/C ratio aromatics are chosen as a product.
Bubble-propelled plasmon-reinforced Pt-ZnIn2S4 micromotors for stirring-free photocatalytic water purification
Authors: Yuan Mengge , Gong Mengqin , Huang Hai , Zhao Yu , Ying Yulong , Wang Sheng
Published: August 2022

With a combination of photocatalysts, plasmonic metal NPs, and strong motion ability, mass-produced bubble-propelled Pt-ZnIn2S4 micromotors presented the potential for replacing conventional mechanical stirring in photocatalytic water purification.
Ptxplatin: a multifunctional Pt(iv) antitumor prodrug
Authors: Zhang Ran , Zhang Yueyue , Tang Liumei , Xu Yixing , Li Hao , Jiang Xueping , Xin Xiangdong , Gui Zhongzheng
Published: August 2022

Ptxplatin, comprising paclitaxel and cisplatin, intervened in several cellular processes including the p53 apoptosis pathway, mitochondrial damage and ER stress to kill cancer cells.
BaSc2(HPO3)4(H2O)2: a new nonlinear optical phosphite exhibiting a 3D {[Sc2(HPO3)4]2−}∞ anionic framework and phase-matchable SHG effect
Authors: Tang Ru-Ling , Liu Gang-Xiang , Yao Wen-Dong , Zhang Li-Nan , Liu Wenlong , Guo Sheng-Ping
Published: August 2022

The first barium scandium phosphite, BaSc2(HPO3)4(H2O)2, has been systematically studied. It exhibits a 3D [Sc2(HPO3)4]2− anion framework with an SHG effect (0.94 × KDP) and phase-matching behaviour.
p–d hybridization in CoFe LDH nanoflowers for efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Hu Liuyong , Tian Liliang , Ding Xiang , Wang Xia , Wang Xiaosi , Qin Ying , Gu Wenling , Shi Le , Zhu Chengzhou
Published: August 2022

Organic ligands can induce p–d orbital hybridization at the interface of CoFe LDH, resulting in a downshift of the d-band center of CoFe LDH and the optimization of the binding strength of intermediates during the OER.
Solid-state synthesis of β-NaAlO2 nanoflakes as an anode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Durai Lignesh , Gopalakrishnan Arthi , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: August 2022

New anode materials for sodium-ion batteries are being extensively studied to achieve high stability and long-term cyclability.
Halogen bond promoted aryl migration of allylic alcohols under visible light irradiation
Authors: Zhang Keyuan , Wang Yulong , He Chonglong , Zhou Youkang , Wang Danning , Hu Mingyou , Duan Xin-Hua , Liu Le
Published: August 2022

A simple and catalyst-free radical addition/1,2-aryl migration cascade process of ally alcohol driven by halogen bond was developed under visible light irradiation, featuring mild conditions, practical procedures, and broad substrate scope.
Experimental insights into catalytic oxidation of 1,6-hexanediol to ε-caprolactone over (p-cymene)RuCl2(L) complexes in non-polar media
Authors: Promchana Pratya , Choojun Kittisak , Leesakul Nararak , Saithong Saowanit , Chainok Kittipong , Sooknoi Tawan
Published: August 2022

The activity-pocket site dimension (θc) dependence of (p-cymene)RuCl2(L) supports associative interchange mechanism for 1,6-hexandiol oxidation to ε-caprolactone. Methyl isobutyl carbinol, a H-accepting product, reacts with Ru, causing deactivation.
Multiple molecular logic gate arrays in one system of (2-(2′-pyridyl)imidazole)Ru(ii) complexes and trimeric cyclophanes in water
Authors: Yao Chao-Yi , Lin Hong-Yu , Morgenfurt Philip , Keyes Tia E. , de Silva A. Prasanna
Published: August 2022

Transactions of a polypyridineRu(ii) complex with photons, protons and shape-switchable hosts show several types of molecular logic.
The role of nanopores constructed on the micropitted titanium surface in the immune responses of macrophages and the potential mechanisms
Authors: Hang Ruiyue , Zhao Yuyu , Zhang Yi , Yao Runhua , Yao Xiaohong , Sun Yonghua , Huang Di , Hang Ruiqiang
Published: August 2022

The micropit/nanopore surface constructed on titanium displays the ability to polarize macrophages to the pro-healing M2 phenotype.
Progress of Folic Acid-Folate Receptor as Drug Carriers in Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: Zhang Zhanpeng
Published: August 2022

Targeted drug delivery system is an effective method for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, it has received much attention because of its low side effects and therapeutic efficacy. Folic acid receptor is highly expressed on the surface of most cancer cells, but is low or not expressed on the surface of normal cells, and the ligand folate has a high affinity. Folic acid receptor is attached to drug carriers and can be targeted to cancer cells. This paper introduces folic acid and folate receptors, briefly describes the mechanism of action of folic acid receptor-mediated targeted drug delivery, discusses the progress on four types of folic acid-folate receptor-mediated cancer treatment: folate acid-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles, drug binding of small-molecule folic acid, folic acid receptor-bound protein, and folic acid-conjugated polysialic acid. It also analyzes the favorable points and future development trends of each treatment mechanism.
Procedural Generation in Games: Focusing on Dungeons
Authors: Shen Zhenyuan
Published: August 2022

This report is talking about the applications of procedural generation in games. There are many AI-generated games on the market, such as No Man’s Sky. Due to the huge curiosity about it and the purpose of studying how procedural generation works, the research delved into the principles of procedural generation of dungeons. To start with the research, we first focused on a dungeon, analyzing how the dungeon is created and then we consider how the procedural generation works. Typically, all the resources are from the internet, including some academic tutorials. By separating the whole problem into three parts (terrain generation, content generation and object generation), we finally realized each part of the procedural generation, and how it works to build a simple dungeon. First, in terrain generation, we focus on a different algorithm to generate the terrain, such as fractal terrain generation, bitmap terrain generation and generating landscape by Perlin noise. In the second part, content generation usually generates loots, enemies and creates a dungeon system with various rooms and paths. And the last one is object generation, for example, which holds creatures, trees, weapons, vehicles and so on. Through these methods, we can gain a deeper understanding of the significant role of procedural generation. All in all, through the above-mentioned aspects to illustrate their respective effects on procedural generation, and guide people’s preliminary cognition and understanding of procedural generation.
Research on Multi-scene Application of Maritime Police Shipborne Drones
Authors: Wei Xiaoran , Wu Di , Wei Dingjiang , Hou Jie , Peng Qinhui
Published: August 2022

In order to provide theoretical support for the use of unmanned equipment by the marine police force, this paper takes the current situation of the use of marine police drones in Asia-Pacific countries as the entry point, the type characteristics of marine police drones is introduced and the use of different materials for the typical task scenarios of the current marine police force drones, the needs of maritime police drones in different scenarios is analyzed and composed, and a variety of operational methods for the maritime use of drones by the marine police force are emphasized.
Analysis of China’s New Energy Industry Development from the Perspective of Low-Carbon Economy
Authors: Lv Chunxian
Published: August 2022

At present, the world is experiencing a serious climate change problem, and the consumption of high-carbon energy sources such as coal and oil undoubtedly brings great harm to the environment. In this context, some European and American countries have promoted a low-carbon revolution with high energy, high efficiency and low carbon emissions, focusing on developing low-carbon technologies. This paper mainly discusses the new energy industry from the perspective of low-carbon economy in China, and believes that China should also make a deep thinking on low-carbon economy and makes improvements of the industrial energy of some enterprises. This paper hopes to offer some references for the development of small and medium enterprises.
Human Gesture Recognition in Computer Vision Research
Authors: Zheng Zepei
Published: August 2022

Human gesture recognition is a popular issue in the studies of computer vision, since it provides technological expertise required to advance the interaction between people and computers, virtual environments, smart surveillance, motion tracking, as well as other domains. Extraction of the human skeleton is a rather typical gesture recognition approach using existing technologies based on two-dimensional human gesture detection. Likewise, I t cannot be overlooked that objects in the surrounding environment give some information about human gestures. To semantically recognize the posture of the human body, the logic system presented in this research integrates the components recognized in the visual environment alongside the human skeletal position. In principle, it can improve the precision of recognizing postures and semantically represent peoples’ actions. As such, the paper suggests a potential and notion for recognizing human gestures, as well as increasing the quantity of information offered through analysis of images to enhance interaction between humans and computers.
Optimization of Neural Network Training for Wine Quality Classification Using Simulated Annealing
Authors: Duan Mingfei
Published: August 2022

The backpropagation algorithm is the most used algorithm to train a neural network. However, a simulated annealing algorithm can do that work too. This paper shows the process and results of training neural network by applying simulated annealing algorithm. A Wine Quality Dataset is used to do the experiment. The experiments first extracted the data by feature selection and pre-processing of the dataset. By applying the Principal Component Analysis method, the features in the original data are extracted into a lower-dimensional space. The importance of features will increase significantly, and there is a positive effect on the training of neural networks. Then a variety of neural networks with different structures are constructed and trained with simulated annealing and back propagation respectively. More specifically, neural networks with two-hidden-layer fully-connected neural networks with two, three, and four hidden nodes in each layer are constructed to represent the different architecture of the network. Finally, their respective prediction results are compared to get a conclusion. This paper uses four parameters, accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score respectively, to evaluate the performance of the two target models, in addition to measure their performance in a more holistic way. As a result, the simulated annealing algorithm performs better than the backpropagation method in the context of wine quality classification.
Research on the Optimal Machine Learning Classifier for Traffic Signs
Authors: Wang Boyu
Published: August 2022

Now autonomous driving is a hot topic, and the identification of traffic signs is also extremely important for autonomous driving. This paper mainly compares the difference of the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Logistic Regression (LR) Classifier in the traffic sign classification. The effect of the initial image processing on classification accuracy is also studied. The paper found that sharpening the image significantly improved the accuracy of the image classification. Based on the results of various situations, the author found that, in this paper, SVM is the classifier with the best classification effect, but the effect of LR classifier is not much worse than that of SVM when the image is sharpened.
YOLO V5s-based Deep Learning Approach for Concrete Cracks Detection
Authors: Yu Zhen
Published: August 2022

Complex environmental conditions can lead to a variety of cracks in concrete engineering structures, and if these cracks are not promptly investigated and repaired, it is likely to lead to serious engineering accidents. Most of the traditional crack detection method is by manual exclusion, which overly relies on the knowledge and experience of inspectors, and different inspectors have different definitions of crack detection standards, so it lacks a certain objectivity in quantitative analysis, and the efficiency of manual detection will gradually decrease as the workload rises. In recent years, deep learning networks have made many developments in the field of computer vision by their strong feature extraction ability and autonomous learning capability. The main objective of this paper is to detect crack information in crack images using YOLO V5s-based deep learning algorithm. Considering the complexity of the crack image background, the author adopted the threshold segmentation method based on the Otsu maximum inter-class variance to achieve the purpose of removing the background noise from crack images by constructing a connected domain for grayscale change points so as to fuse the noise points with the background. After that, the author used the YOLO V5s model to train and test the 3500 manually labeled crack images, and adopted the K-Means method to calculate the optimal initial anchor box size and pass it to the model for training, so as to improve the model’s detection of cracks. The evaluation index of the model after these two optimization methods was 84.37% for average precision (AP), 76.01% for average recall (AR), and 79.97% for average F1-score.
Optimization of Composite Properties by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Lian Xu
Published: August 2022

This paper will summarize and study the application of artificial intelligence to composites in the past and present, and predict the development of materials by using artificial intelligence in the future. This paper will use the method of summarizing and summarizing the law from other literature. The summary of artificial intelligence in composites predicts the future development of artificial intelligence, and summarizes and clarifies the development path of artificial intelligence in composites in the future. In the context of the rapid development of artificial intelligence, using artificial intelligence to synthesize or optimize composites has become the trend of material synthesis. This will bring a new way of material synthesis.
Communication Mechanisms Comparison and Decision Algorithm Optimization in Vehicle Edge Computing
Authors: Xun Yushen
Published: August 2022

In recent years, a new network mode, Vehicle Edge Computing (VEC), has been introduced into vehicle networks to increase their computing power. As modern vehicle applications continue to evolve, the ultimate challenge of meeting communication and computing needs becomes more and more prominent. However, the performance of various commonly used communication mechanisms in transmitting different types of information has rarely been studied and compared. This is the main problem in the development of VEC at present. This paper presents the results of testing the communication modes of WiFi, LTE and DSRC by using existing models. Evaluation of different aspects of their performance is referred to. At the same time, a new VEC offload algorithm is analyzed. The result is that the three different communication mechanisms of indoor VEC each have their own advantages and disadvantages in the transmission of different types of information. Compared with conventional algorithms, the new algorithm can complete tasks faster and better, making up for some shortcomings of existing algorithms.
Krankenhausgewinne – Ethische Aspekte an der Schnittstelle
zwischen Medizin und Ökonomie
Authors: Kapitza Thomas
Published: August 2022

Krankenhausgewinne und Ökonomisierungstendenzen rücken zunehmend
in den Mittelpunkt der Diskussion um die Verbesserung des Gesundheitswesens.
Gewinnorientierte Ansätze zur Erzielung von Krankenhausrenditen haben
eine ethische Dimension, denn das Patientenwohl muss im Vordergrund bleiben. Ein
bedarfsorientierter wirtschaftlicher Ansatz ohne die Dominanz primärer
Gewinnziele sollte zum übergreifenden Rahmen für den
Krankenhaussektor werden.
Reduction of Severe Hypoglycemic Events Among Outpatients with Type 2
Diabetes Following Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Marketing in
Japan
Authors: Yamashita Koh , Yoshiike Shouichi , Yamashita Taku , Mori Jun-ichirou , Aizawa Toru
Published: August 2022

Recently, oral hypoglycemic agents with newer glucose lowering mechanisms have
been on release. This is mostly to meet the diabetic patient’s need to
avoid hypoglycemia, which is profoundly important for better long-term outcome
of the treatment. In this study, we quantified the annual number of patients
with type 2 diabetes who experienced hypoglycemia needing the third-party
assistance who had random sample plasma
glucose<59.4 mg/dl (3.3 mmol/l) on the
one hand and analyzed the prescription trend of hypoglycemic agents all over
Japan on the other. Analysis of the annual number of hypoglycemic patients
visited ER was performed at Aizawa Hospital, a medical center located in the
midst of a city. The study duration was over 10 years from 2008 to 2019. We
found a clear-cut decreasing trend of hypoglycemia over the 10 years, ca.
61/year to 39/year. Immediately after the release of
sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, since 2013 to 2017, the decrease was
rather sharp as 81/year to 31/year, and the change of the
national number of its prescription inversely correlated with the change of the
number of the patients with hypoglycemia. This was not the case immediately
after the introduction of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in the Japanese
market since 2008 to 2012. There was no significant correlation between its
prescription and the number of patients with hypoglycemia. The data strongly
suggested that there was a causal relationship exclusively between the
introduction of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, and the reduction of
hypoglycemic events among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Role of Whole-Body Computed Tomography Scan to Avoid Missed Foreign Body in Patients with Multiple Stab Injury: A Rare Case of Retained Impaled Knife Blade with Intact Neurology
Authors: Hajare Swapnil , Shetty Ajoy , Ramachandran Karthik , Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran
Published: August 2022

Nonmissile penetrating spine injury (NMPSI) is usually encountered in young men, secondary to knife-inflicted injuries. Such injuries often present with complete or incomplete neurodeficit. We hereby report a case of NMPSI (due to impaled knife blade) in the cervical spine, who presented with intact neurology. She was managed by foreign body removal, dural repair, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion with lumbar drain. We performed postoperative magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor imaging and tractography to ascertain the cord status. The case highlights the importance of whole-body computed tomography in patients with multiple stab wounds and the use of CSF diversion in such situations.
Unique Case of Spontaneous Basilar Artery Stroke in an Operated Child with Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Shah Krishna , Jain Shrey , Sinha Ajit K.
Published: August 2022

Craniopharyngiomas are the most commonly presented nonglial tumors in child patients. They cause significant morbidity and mortality, both before and after surgery. The most common immediate postsurgery complications are attributable to pituitary insufficiency. Neurovascular complications account for only 2.7 to 2.9% surgical cases, and usually involve the vessels of the Circle of Willis. Thrombosis or vasospasm of the vessels of posterior circulation is unheard of. Here, we are reporting a unique case of a child with craniopharyngioma who developed acute spontaneous basilar artery thrombosis and posterior circulation stroke 6 days after surgery.
Use of Artificial Intelligence for the Development of Predictive Model to Help in Decision-Making for Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease
Authors: Purohit Gaurav , Choudhary Madhur , Sinha V. D.
Published: August 2022

Context The aim of the study was to develop a prognostic model using artificial intelligence for patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery for degenerative spine disease for change in pain, functional status, and patient satisfaction based on preoperative variables included in following categories—sociodemographic, clinical, and radiological.

Methods and Materials A prospective cohort of 180 patients with lumbar degenerative spine disease was included and divided into three classes of management—conservative, decompressive surgery, and decompression with fixation. Preoperative variables, change in outcome measures (visual analog scale—VAS, Modified Oswestry Disability Index—MODI, and Neurogenic Claudication Outcome Score—NCOS), and type of management were assessed using Machine Learning models. These were used for creating a predictive tool for deciding the type of management that a patient should undergo to achieve the best results. Multivariate logistic regression was also used to identify prognostic factors of significance.

Results The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate the discrimination capability of various machine learning models. Random Forest Classifier gave the best ROC-AUC score in all three classes (0.863 for VAS, 0.831 for MODI, and 0.869 for NCOS), and the macroaverage AUC score was found to be 0.842 suggesting moderate discriminatory power. A graphical user interface (GUI) tool was built using the machine learning algorithm thus defined to take input details of patients and predict change in outcome measures.

Conclusion This study demonstrates that machine learning can be used as a tool to help tailor the decision-making process for a patient to achieve the best outcome. The GUI tool helps to incorporate the study results into active decision-making.
Anesthetic Considerations for a Patient with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, Having a Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm for Endovascular Coiling: A Case Report
Authors: Mahajan Shalvi , Narayanan Vidhya , Bhatia Vikas , Narayan Vinitha
Published: August 2022

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder affecting 1 in 1,000 people worldwide. Intracranial aneurysms are an important extrarenal complication with a prevalence of 9 to 12%. The definitive management of an aneurysm includes surgical clipping or endovascular coiling. There is a paucity of literature regarding the anesthetic management of such patients. The pre-existing renal condition is an additional challenge in the management of these patients as the complications associated with chronic kidney disease are superimposed on those due to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Here, we describe anesthetic management of a patient with ADPKD who had a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm, for which endovascular coiling was done.
Extra-Axial Cystic Meningioma without Dural Attachment in an Adult: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Kukreja Sanjay , Dhal Gagan , Devani Kavin , Patel Mehool , Wankhede Ravi
Published: August 2022

Intraparenchymal meningiomas, meningiomas without dural attachment, and cystic meningioma are atypical and extremely rare, especially in adults. Only four cases of intraparenchymal cystic meningioma without dural attachment have been reported. A 47-year-old female presented with an altered sensorium. She had a progressive bifrontal headache for 2 months. Computed tomography scan of the brain showed an 8 cm × 6 cm cystic lesion with a solid component in the left frontoparietal region with a midline shift. The solid part of the lesion was enhancing on contrast but the cyst rim was not. Intraoperatively, the cyst was filled with amber-colored fluid, which was drained, and the solid component was completely excised. Histopathological examination of the solid tumor component confirmed cystic meningioma. At 2 years of follow-up, she has no evidence of recurrence. We report the fifth case of this very rare entity and review the literature.
The Vital Role of 131I-MIBG in Localization of Paraganglioma at Unusual Sites
Authors: Singhal Tejasvini , Singh Parneet , Veerwal Hardik , Narayan Manishi L
Published: August 2022

Paragangliomas (PGLs) are extra-adrenal neuroendocrine tumors. PGL of the urinary bladder are very rare and commonly present with features of hypertensive crisis, headache, syncope, and other symptoms of sympathetic excess. A few of these tumors are silent at the presentation. Here, we report a case of a urinary bladder PGL, presenting with lower abdominal pain.
The Impact of Delay in Treatment on Survival in Surgically Managed Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma
Authors: Qatanani Anas M. , Eide Jacob G. , Harris Jacob C. , Brant Jason A. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Kshirsagar Rijul S.
Published: August 2022

Background Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, and multimodal therapy is the standard of care. We sought to characterize treatment delays in SNUC managed with surgery and adjuvant radiation and to determine the impact on survival using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Methods This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study of patients with SNUC between 2004 and 2016 in the NCDB. The intervals of diagnosis to surgery (DTS), surgery to radiation (SRT), and radiation duration (RTD) were examined. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was performed to identify the variables with the greatest impact on survival. The association between treatment delay and overall survival (OS) was then assessed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results Of 173 patients who met inclusion criteria, 65.9% were male, average age at diagnosis was 56.6 years, and 5-year OS was 48.1%. Median durations of DTS, SRT, and RTD were 18, 43, and 46 days, respectively. Predictors of treatment delay included Black race, government insurance excluding Medicare/Medicaid, and positive margins. RPA-derived optimal thresholds were 29, 28, and 38 days for DTS, SRT and RTD, respectively. On multivariate analysis, positive margins (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.28–10.2) and DTS less than 29 days (HR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.23–4.73) were associated with worse OS.

Conclusion Our results likely reflect the aggressive nature of the disease with surgeons taking more invasive disease to the operating room more quickly. Median treatment intervals described may serve as relevant national benchmarks.
Multimode fiber ruler for detecting nanometric displacements
Authors: Abrashitova Ksenia , Amitonova Lyubov V.
Published: August 2022

Light is a perfect tool for numerous metrology applications. To deliver light to hard-to-reach places, fiber probes are widely used. Hair-thin endoscopes based on multimode fibers offer exceptional performance in terms of information density and instrument footprint. Here, we integrate optical metrology into a flexible fiber probe and present a multimode fiber ruler for detecting nanometric displacements. A fast single-shot measurement demonstrates two-dimensional resolving power of 1.8 nm, which is 670 times smaller than the diffraction limit of the optical system and 24 times smaller than the demagnified image pixel size. The multimode fiber ruler does not require detailed field mapping; therefore, low-magnification optical systems can be used to increase the light intensity on a sensor. Moreover, the proposed approach does not rely on any special structures, such as optical grating or metasurfaces. A high-resolution two-dimensional fingerprint is naturally “printed” on the multimode fiber output facet. Our results enable fiber-based displacement measurements with nanometer precision, establishing a new benchmark for fiber-based optical alignment sensors and metrology.
Reduced defect density in crystalline halide perovskite films via methylamine treatment for the application in photodetectors
Authors: Schütz Emilia R. , Fakharuddin Azhar , Yalcinkaya Yenal , Ochoa-Martinez Efrain , Bijani Shanti , Mohd Yusoff Abd. Rashid bin , Vasilopoulou Maria , Seewald Tobias , Steiner Ullrich , Weber Stefan A. L. , Schmidt-Mende Lukas
Published: August 2022

Considerable efforts have been devoted to optimizing and controlling the morphology and electronic properties of lead halide perovskites. The defect density of a perovskite layer strongly depends on the processing conditions. Consequently, the fabrication process of high-quality films is often complex, and reproducibility is a challenge. In this work, we present a methylamine gas-based method to recrystallize perovskite layers of any given quality in a controlled way, leading to millimeter-sized domains. Crystallinity significantly increases upon methylamine treatment, and crystal growth follows a preferred orientation. Photoluminescence- and space-charge limited current measurements show that the trap density halves after recrystallization. Conductive atomic force microscopy measurements show a higher surface conductivity and an improved spatial homogeneity after methylamine treatment. When applied in photodetectors, the improved film quality of the recrystallized films leads to increased detectivities of ≈4 × 1011 Jones compared to 3 × 109 Jones of a reference device. The response time falls from 0.1 to 10−5 s upon methylamine treatment. Our work, thus, presents a promising route to fabricating reproducible, high-quality perovskite films through well-controllable recrystallization.
Target imaging in scattering media using ghost imaging optical coherence tomography
Authors: Huyan Decai , Lagrosas Nofel , Shiina Tatsuo
Published: August 2022

When the conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures the transmittance and the absorbance of the target in the scattering media, its image is affected by the scattering media and gets a modulated target profile. Due to the influence of scattering and absorption by the media, the conventional OCT cannot eliminate this modulation. By using our proposed idea, ghost imaging-OCT (GI-OCT), to apply the GI technique to the measurement path of OCT, we can reconstruct the target profile in the scattering media without modulation. In this work, we introduce and demonstrate the concept and the experimental method of GI-OCT. This application can correct the influence of the scattering media for the target optical profile due to the advantage of the GI technique, which suppresses noise, here, modulated by scattering. Comparing the experimental results of the corrected target image with the original target image, we obtain the same distributions in the binarized images, and the error of the character size in the binarized deconvoluted image is less than the resolution of the image (0.04 mm), proving that the method successfully reconstructs the image without the scattering media influence.
Ultra-short-term prediction method of PV power output based on the CNN–LSTM hybrid learning model driven by EWT
Authors: An Wenbo , Zheng Lingwei , Yu Jiawei , Wu Hao
Published: August 2022

This study proposes a new method for ultra-short-term prediction of photovoltaic (PV) power output using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) hybrid model driven by empirical wavelet transform (EWT) to address the intermittent and stochastic nature of PV power generation. Given the differences in the spatial and temporal distribution of features between PV sample data and meteorological conditions, a hybrid learning model for multibranch feature extraction was designed. First, the frequency band of PV output data was adaptively selected using EWT and decomposed into the amplitude modulation–frequency modulation single components with frequencies ranging from low to high. Second, data reconstruction was performed on the obtained power components to exploit the extraction ability of the two-dimensional CNN model for short-term local invariance and periodic features. Third, the combined one-dimensional CNN–LSTM model was used for the sample daily meteorological conditions to extract their spatiotemporal features, and the LSTM model was used to learn the correlation between the power data features and the predicted daily weather conditions and to obtain the corresponding component prediction results. Finally, the prediction results of each component were reconstructed to achieve the ultra-short-term prediction. Using Hangzhou Dianzi University's PV microgrid system as an example, the training and testing sets were randomly selected based on different seasons and weather. The results show that this method outperforms traditional learning models in terms of overall prediction performance. The proposed method of a hybrid deep learning model will provide a novel approach for ultra-short-term prediction of PV output.
Neutral beam driven ion cyclotron instability of lower hybrid wave in a tokamak plasma
Authors: Sharma Jyotsna , Sharma Suresh C.
Published: August 2022

The effect of dust grains on the parametric coupling of neutral beam driven ion–cyclotron wave instability with a lower hybrid pump wave is studied. A high amplitude lower hybrid pump, which is launched into a tokamak for heating purposes in the presence of neutral beam driven ion-cyclotron waves, can excite the parametric coupling involving two lower hybrid sidebands. In a tokamak, the lower hybrid waves result in parametric excitation of the ion-cyclotron mode and quasi-modes near the edge when the electron oscillatory velocity is greater than the sound velocity. This parametric coupling increases the growth rate of instability when the lower sideband wave is resonant. Moreover, the presence of dust grains in the tokamak plasma, their radius, and the number density significantly affect the growth rate of the instability, which in turn can affect the advanced stage operations of a tokamak. The growth rate of parametric instability scales with the amplitude of the pump wave. The growth rate is found to be linearly increased with the dust grain density, but it decreased with increasing size of dust grains, which means large sized dust grains stabilize the instability. The theoretical results explained in the present paper are very helpful in explaining the complexity in the plasma properties of a tokamak due to the dust–plasma interactions, which can diminish the performance of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor due to potential safety issues.
Review of Rational Numbers
Authors: Pereyra Nicolas A.
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, we will construct a set of rational numbers from a set of integers through equivalence classes. We will review the isomorphism between whole rational numbers and integers. We will review general properties of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation with natural number exponents, root of order n, and inequalities of rational numbers. We will also review general properties of the negative operator, identity operator, and absolute value for rational numbers. Additionally, we will review the general properties of the reciprocal and will extend exponentiation to include negative integer exponents for rational numbers. For more detailed and thorough discussions of rational numbers, the author directs the reader toward the book Real and Complex Numbers for Physicists (Pereyra, 2020).
Elements of Planar Geometry
Authors: Pereyra Nicolas A.
Published: August 2022

Trigonometric functions are fundamental in physics and found throughout physics. Trigonometric functions, in turn, may be defined through the Trigonometric Circle in analytic planar geometry. Analytic planar geometry is the study of planar geometry through the application of coordinate systems. We are thus lead to discuss planar geometry.

In this chapter, we will discuss geometric properties of points and geometric figures in a plane (planar geometry).