bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intratumoral delivery of mRNA encoding the endogenous TLR2/6 agonist UNE-C1 induces immunogenic cell death and enhances antitumor activity
Authors: Kim Uijoo , Hwang Sunkyo , Cho Seongmin , Kim Hyeong Yun , Ban Hamin , Park Joohee , Mun Jeongwon , Kim Nayoung , Suh Ji Hun , Choi Jihye , Shin Yungyeong , Kim Sang Bum , Yoon Ina , Kwon Hyuk-Sang , Kim Sunghoon
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Recent investigations have highlighted the intratumoral administration of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands as a promising approach to initiate localized immune responses and enhance antitumor immunity. However, the clinical application of these ligands is limited by their rapid dissemination from the tumor microenvironment, raising concerns about reduced effectiveness and systemic toxicity.

Methods

To address these challenges, our study focused on the intratumoral delivery of mRNA encoding UNE-C1, a TLR2/6 ligand known for its efficacy and low toxicity profile. We explored the potential of UNE-C1 to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) through autocrine mechanisms, facilitated by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) triggered by TLR2 activation.

Results

Our findings indicate that sensitivity to UNE-C1-induced cell death is dependent on the expression levels of TLR2 and the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) in cancer cells. Furthermore, we investigated the paracrine activation of dendritic cells (DCs) by UNE-C1 via TLR2 signaling, which primes a CD8+ T cell response essential for tumor regression.

Discussion

Our results advocate for the intratumoral delivery of UNE-C1 via mRNA therapy as a promising strategy for innovative antitumor treatments.
Evaluating the prognostic potential of telomerase signature in breast cancer through advanced machine learning model
Authors: Guo Xiao , Cao Yuyan , Shi Xinlin , Xing Jiaying , Feng Chuanbo , Wang Tao
Published: November 2024

Background

Breast cancer prognosis remains a significant challenge due to the disease's molecular heterogeneity and complexity. Accurate predictive models are critical for improving patient outcomes and tailoring personalized therapies.

Methods

We developed a Machine Learning-assisted Telomerase Signature (MLTS) by integrating multi-omics data from nine independent breast cancer datasets. Using multiple machine learning algorithms, we identified six telomerase-related genes significantly associated with patient survival. The predictive performance of MLTS was evaluated against 66 existing breast cancer prognostic models across diverse cohorts.

Results

The MLTS demonstrated superior predictive accuracy, stability, and reliability compared to other models. Patients with high MLTS scores exhibited increased tumor mutational burden, chromosomal instability, and poor survival outcomes. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis further revealed higher MLTS scores in aneuploid tumor cells, suggesting a role in cancer progression. Immune profiling indicated distinct tumor microenvironment characteristics associated with MLTS scores, potentially guiding therapeutic decisions.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the utility of MLTS as a robust prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. The ability of MLTS to predict patient outcomes and its association with key genomic and cellular features underscore its potential as a target for personalized therapy. Future research may focus on integrating MLTS with additional molecular signatures to enhance its clinical application in precision oncology.
A multi-antigen vaccinia vaccine broadly protected mice against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus while also targeting SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV
Authors: Gao Nan , Yang Tianhan , Dong Lanlan , Tang Wanda , Cao Kangli , Ding Longfei , Zhu Cuisong , Bai Shimeng , Xia Ai , Zhu Youwei , Zhao Chen , Peng Haoran , Xu Jianqing , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Coronaviruses and influenza viruses are significant respiratory pathogens that cause severe disease burdens and economic losses for society. Due to their diversity and evolution, vaccines typically require periodic updating to remain effective. An additional challenge is imposed by the possible coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, which could increase disease severity.

Methods

We developed a vaccinia vaccine, named rTTV-RBD-HA2, broadly targeting coronaviruses and influenza viruses. This vaccine expresses three fusion proteins, each comprising the receptor-binding domain (RBD) from one of the three highly pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV) and the conserved HA stalk region from two influenza viruses (pdmH1N1 and nH7N9) belonging to groups 1 and 2, respectively.

Results

The multi-targeting nature of this vaccine was validated by its success in inducing antibody responses to the three RBDs and both group 1 and 2 HAs in mice. Importantly, it also generated robust T cell responses to all the immunogens, which could be mobilized to the lung through intranasal vaccination. Consistent with this broad immunogenicity profile, when administered via intramuscular priming and two intranasal boosts, rTTV-RBD-HA2 effectively protected vaccinated mice against challenges of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus, the Omicron XBB variant, and the influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses.

Discussion

Our results collectively support the candidacy of recombinant rTTV-RBD-HA2 as a novel respiratory virus vaccine that provides cross-protection against coronaviruses and influenza viruses, surpassing the breadth of previous vaccines. Additionally, they underscore the importance of establishing a strong mucosal T cell response in the development of a universal respiratory virus vaccine.
Dynamics of antibody engagement of red blood cells in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Jajosky Ryan P. , Ayona Diyoly , Mener Amanda , Stowell Sean R. , Arthur Connie M.
Published: November 2024

Exposure to allogenic red blood cells (RBCs), either through pregnancy or transfusion, can result in alloimmunization, which can lead to severe hemolytic transfusion reactions and pregnancy complications. Passively administered antibodies can be used to prevent alloimmunization, where steric hindrance of allogeneic epitopes has been postulated as one mechanism whereby antibody engagement may prevent RBC alloimmunization. However, the dynamics of antibody engagement on the RBC surface has remained difficult to study. To examine this, we leveraged the HOD (HEL, OVA and Duffy) model system and Fcγ receptor knockout recipients to define the dynamics of antibody engagement of the Duffy antigen in the absence of RBC clearance or antigen modulation. Using this approach, the on-rate of antibody engagement of HOD RBCs was very similar in vivo and in vitro, with high levels of antibody binding observed within minutes of HOD RBC exposure. In contrast, the off-rate of HOD RBC bound antibody was relatively slow, with appreciable dissociation not being observed for an hour. However, the dynamics of antibody interactions with HOD changed significantly when antibody decorated HOD RBCs were exposed to free antibody. Despite the presence of prebound antibody, free antibody rapidly associated with HOD RBCs, with the rate of free antibody association observed being faster in vivo than in vitro. Importantly, antibody association and dissociation occurred in the absence of any appreciable changes in RBC clearance, antigen modulation or complement deposition, suggesting that differences in antibody levels observed reflected actual differences in the dynamics of antibody binding. These results suggest that while antibodies appear to be relatively static on the cell surface once bound, antibody engagement can be quite dynamic, especially in the face of free antibody in solution. These results not only have implications in the mechanisms of antibody-mediated immunosuppression, but also the potential use of other antibody-based approaches designed to prevent hemolytic transfusion reactions or target antigens in vivo in general.
State of play in the molecular presentation and recognition of anti-tumor lipid-based analogues
Authors: Praveena T. , Le Nours Jérôme
Published: November 2024

The Natural Killer T cells (NKT) are a unique subset of T lymphocytes that recognize lipid-based antigens that are presented by the monomorphic MHC-I-like molecule, CD1d. Over 30 years ago, the discovery of the glycolipid α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) from the marine sponge Agelas mauritianus, as a potent activator of the invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells, has attracted great attention for its use in cancer immunotherapy. However, α-GalCer can initiate both pro-inflammatory T helper cell 1 (Th1) and anti-inflammatory Th2 type immune responses that can result in either enhanced or suppressed immunity in a somewhat unpredictable manner. Th1 polarized immune response is often correlated with an optimal anti-tumor immunity, and therefore α-GalCer did not fully offer the desired potential as an anti-tumor therapeutic. Over the past decades, considerable efforts have then been invested into the design and development of novel synthetic α-GalCer analogues that will direct a more efficient immune response towards the production of Th1 biased cytokines. In this minireview, we will discuss how subtle modifications in the chemical nature of a number of α-GalCer derivatives varied immune responses. Whilst some of these analogues showed potential in enhancing stability within CD1d and directing favourable immune responses for tumor immunotherapy, their responses in mice also highlighted the need for further research in humanized models to overcome translational challenges and optimize therapeutic efficacy.
Do KATP channels have a role in immunity?
Authors: Feske Stefan , Colucci Francesco , Coetzee William A.
Published: November 2024

Ion channels, exchangers and pumps are expressed ubiquitously in cells from all phyla of life. In mammals, their role is best described in excitable cells, where they regulate the initiation and propagation of action potentials. There are over 70 different types of K+ channels subunits that contribute to these processes. In non-excitable cells, K+ channels set the resting membrane potential, which in turn drives the activity of other translocators. K+ channels also help maintain cell volume, influence cell proliferation and apoptosis and regulate Ca2+ signaling, which in turn is crucial for many cellular processes, including metabolism, secretion, and gene expression. K+ channels play crucial roles in the activation, proliferation and a variety of other functions in cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. The ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel has an established role in diverse cells, but its presence and function in immunity is scantly described. Public gene expression databases show that KATP channel subunits are highly expressed in NKT and NK cells, and that they are significantly upregulated after infection in CD8+ T cells and macrophages. We discuss these findings in the light of the available literature and propose a role for KATP channels in cytotoxicity of cells that are primed for a rapid immune response. Possible underlying molecular mechanisms are discussed.
Green carbon dots derived from Zingiberis Rhizoma Carbonisatum alleviate ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis
Authors: Zhou Long , Yang Yingxin , Li Tingjie , Zhao Yafang , Yuan Jinye , He Chenxin , Huang Yan , Ma Jinyu , Zhang Yue , Lu Fang , Wu Jiaze , Li Zijian , Kong Hui , Zhao Yan , Qu Huihua
Published: November 2024

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects up to 40% of the population, leading to significant healthcare expenditures. Current mainstream treatments, while effective, can lead to side effects and do not address the underlying immunological imbalances. Zingiberis Rhizoma Carbonisatum (ZRC), the partially charred product of Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR), has been widely used clinically in China since ancient times to treat respiratory disorders.

Methods

Inspired by the similarity between high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization processing of herbal medicine, ZRC derived CDs (ZRC-CDs) were extracted and purified through several procedures. Then, the physicochemical characteristics of CDs were delineated through a suite of characterization methods. Moreover, our investigation zeroed in on elucidating the ameliorative impacts of CDs on ovalbumin-induced rat models alongside their underlying mechanisms.

Results

ZRC-CDs with particle sizes ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 nm and rich surface functional groups. Additionally, we observed that ZRC-CDs significantly attenuated nasal symptoms and pathological damage in ovalbumin-induced AR rats, and modulated lipid metabolism and type 2 inflammatory responses. They also inhibit PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT pathways, which are associated with metabolism and inflammation. Importantly, ZRC-CDs demonstrated high biocompatibility, underscoring their potential as a novel therapeutic agent.

Conclusion

ZRC-CDs offer a promising alternative for AR treatment and could help facilitate broader clinical use of the ZRC. In addition, the exploration of the inherent bioactivity of CDs can help to broaden their biological applications.
Research on the effect of LAMP1 in the development and progression of ccRCC and its potential mechanism with LC3C-mediated autophagy
Authors: Wang Xiongbao , Fang Liang , Xiao Lixiang , Zhong Guangxin , Han Minghao , Wang Bingshen , Ren Juchao , Zang Yuanwei
Published: November 2024

Background

Lysomembrane-associated protein 1 (LAMP1), known to exhibit differential expression in various tumor types and play a crucial role in the development of tumors. Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is still the most common pathological type of renal carcinoma with poor prognosis. However, the expression of LAMP1 and its underlying molecular mechanism with ccRCC remain elusive.

Methods

Firstly, the expression of LAMP1 in ccRCC and its clinical significance were analyzed using various databases. Next, Weston Blot was performed to detect the expression of LAMP1 protein in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues from 60 pairs of clinical ccRCC patients. The correlation between LAMP1 expression and different clinical indicators as well as the relationship with patient prognosis was analyzed. Furthermore, molecular cell biology experiments were conducted to validate the effects of LAMP1 gene expression on cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Additionally, we investigated the impact of VHL, a key gene in renal cancer, and LC3C, an autophagy-related gene, on LAMP1 expression through molecular biology experiments to elucidate the potential underlying mechanism.

Results

Bioinformatics analysis revealed significant underexpression of LAMP1 in ccRCC (P<0.001), which correlated with poorer prognosis. In multivariate survival analysis, LAMP1 emerged as an independent prognostic marker for overall survival(OS)(P<0.05). Analysis of cancer and paracancer tissue samples from ccRCC patients demonstrated significantly lower levels of LAMP1 in tumors compared to paracancerous tissues (P<0.001), confirming its prognostic impact. Cell functionality experiment revealed that elevated LAMP1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. LAMP1 expression remained unchanged during autophagy modulation but decreased with LC3C knockdown and vice versa. Notably, VHL(+) cells expressed less LAMP1 than VHL(-) cells.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that low expression levels of LAMP1 is associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC. Therefore, LAMP1 emerges as a novel biomarker associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of renal cancer. Furthermore, we have also described the potential mechanism of action of LAMP1 in renal cancer. LAMP1 is a promising target for the treatment of ccRCC.
Multi-omics characterization and machine learning of lung adenocarcinoma molecular subtypes to guide precise chemotherapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Yuzhi , Qian Haitao
Published: November 2024

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a heterogeneous tumor characterized by diverse genetic and molecular alterations. Developing a multi-omics-based classification system for LUAD is urgently needed to advance biological understanding.

Methods

Data on clinical and pathological characteristics, genetic alterations, DNA methylation patterns, and the expression of mRNA, lncRNA, and microRNA, along with somatic mutations in LUAD patients, were gathered from the TCGA and GEO datasets. A computational workflow was utilized to merge multi-omics data from LUAD patients through 10 clustering techniques, which were paired with 10 machine learning methods to pinpoint detailed molecular subgroups and refine a prognostic risk model. The disparities in somatic mutations, copy number alterations, and immune cell infiltration between high- and low-risk groups were assessed. The effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients was evaluated through the TIDE and SubMap algorithms, supplemented by data from various immunotherapy groups. Furthermore, the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP) and the PRISM Repurposing dataset (PRISM) were employed to investigate new drug treatment approaches for LUAD. In the end, the role of SLC2A1 in tumor dynamics was examined using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell tests.

Results

By employing multi-omics clustering, we discovered two unique cancer subtypes (CSs) linked to prognosis, with CS2 demonstrating a better outcome. A strong model made up of 17 genes was created using a random survival forest (RSF) method, which turned out to be an independent predictor of overall survival and showed reliable and impressive performance. The low-risk group not only had a better prognosis but also was more likely to display the “cold tumor” phenotype. On the other hand, individuals in the high-risk group showed a worse outlook and were more likely to respond positively to immunotherapy and six particular chemotherapy medications. Laboratory cell tests demonstrated that SLC2A1 is abundantly present in LUAD tissues and cells, greatly enhancing the proliferation and movement of LUAD cells.

Conclusions

Thorough examination of multi-omics data offers vital understanding and improves the molecular categorization of LUAD. Utilizing a powerful machine learning system, we highlight the immense potential of the riskscore in providing individualized risk evaluations and customized treatment suggestions for LUAD patients.
Helicobacter pylori-targeted AI-driven vaccines: a paradigm shift in gastric cancer prevention
Authors: Tu Zhiwei , Wang Youtao , Liang Junze , Liu Jinping
Published: November 2024

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a globally prevalent pathogen Group I carcinogen, presents a formidable challenge in gastric cancer prevention due to its increasing antimicrobial resistance and strain diversity. This comprehensive review critically analyzes the limitations of conventional antibiotic-based therapies and explores cutting-edge approaches to combat H. pylori infections and associated gastric carcinogenesis. We emphasize the pressing need for innovative therapeutic strategies, with a particular focus on precision medicine and tailored vaccine development. Despite promising advancements in enhancing host immunity, current Helicobacter pylori vaccine clinical trials have yet to achieve long-term efficacy or gain approval regulatory approval. We propose a paradigm-shifting approach leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to design precision-targeted, multiepitope vaccines tailored to multiple H. pylori subtypes. This AI-driven strategy has the potential to revolutionize antigen selection and optimize vaccine efficacy, addressing the critical need for personalized interventions in H. pylori eradication efforts. By leveraging AI in vaccine design, we propose a revolutionary approach to precision therapy that could significantly reduce H. pylori -associated gastric cancer burden.
The effector function of mucosal associated invariant T cells alters with aging and is regulated by RORγt
Authors: Yang Zhi , Luo Banxin , Li Minhuan , He Ziyun , Ren Chuanfu , Chen Xin , Kang Xing , Chen Hong , Xu En , Guan Wenxian , Xia Xuefeng
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a predominant subset of innate-like T cells in humans, characterized by diverse gene expression profiles and functional capabilities. However, the factors influencing the transcriptomes and effector functions of MAIT cells, particularly at mucosal barriers, remain largely unclear.

Methods

In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and functional assays to investigate the transcriptomic and functional characteristics of intestinal MAIT cells in mouse models during aging. We also extended scRNA-seq analysis to human intestinal MAIT cells to compare their gene expression patterns with those observed in aged mice.

Results

Our findings demonstrated that the transcriptomes and functional capabilities of intestinal MAIT cells shifted from MAIT17 to MAIT1 profiles with aging in mouse models, with notable changes in the production of cytotoxic molecules. Further scRNA-seq analysis of human intestinal MAIT cells revealed a segregation into MAIT1 and MAIT17 subsets, displaying gene expression patterns that mirrored those seen in aged mouse models. The transcription factor RORγt was expressed in both MAIT1 and MAIT17 cells, acting to repress IFNγ production while promoting IL17 expression. Moreover, reduced expression of RORC and Il17A was correlated with poorer survival outcomes in colorectal cancer patients.

Discussion

These results suggest that aging induces a functional shift between MAIT1 and MAIT17 cells, which may be influenced by transcriptional regulators like RORγt. The observed alterations in MAIT cell activity could potentially impact disease prognosis, particularly in colorectal cancer. This study provides new insights into the dynamics of MAIT cell responses at mucosal barriers, highlighting possible therapeutic targets for modulating MAIT cell functions in aging and disease.
Promotion of angiogenesis and suppression of inflammatory response in skin wound healing using exosome-loaded collagen sponge
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Lu Xugang , Chen Jun , Xiong Shibing , Cui Yifan , Wang Simeng , Yue Chongxia , Han Qianqian , Yang Bangcheng
Published: November 2024

Effectively promoting skin wound healing remains a significant challenge in the medical field. Although stem cell-derived exosomes show potential in tissue regeneration, their local delivery and sustained release face challenges. To address these issues, we developed a collagen sponge based on type I and recombinant humanized type III collagen. Our study confirmed that exosomes were successfully loaded onto the sponge (sponge-Exo) and the sponge-Exo gradually released exosomes into the local milieu. The sponge-Exo played a crucial role in promoting the transition of macrophages from an inflammatory M1 phenotype to a regenerative M2 phenotype. Moreover, it enhanced the migration and proliferation of HDFs and promoted angiogenesis in HUVECs. Additionally, our findings revealed that the sponge-Exo accelerated wound healing by suppressing inflammatory response and stimulating angiogenesis in a rat full-thickness skin wounds model. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to explore the underlying mechanism of wound healing, and the results showed that the miRNAs (hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-29a-5p) associated with wound healing in exosomes were significantly up-regulated. These results highlight the remarkable effects of sponge-Exo on macrophage transformation, cell migration, proliferation and angiogenesis, which provide a potential prospect for the application in the field of skin wound healing.
Proteomic profile of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles from Colombian pregnant women with Plasmodium-soil transmitted helminths coinfection
Authors: Martínez-Moreno Jahnnyer A. , Ayllon-Hermida Alberto , Barnadas-Carceller Berta , Fernández-Becerra Carmen , del Portillo Hernando A. , Carmona-Fonseca Jaime , Arango-Flórez Eliana M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed nanoparticles, secreted by all cell types. Information regarding EVs and their molecular cargo in gestational parasitic infections, particularly those caused by Plasmodium and soil-transmitted helminths (STH), remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to perform isolation and molecular characterization of plasma-derived EVs from Colombian pregnant women and compare quantity, size, concentration and protein cargo of those EVs according to the infectious status, to investigate if parasite-derived proteins could be detected as biological cargo of circulating EVs of pregnant women infected with Plasmodium, STH and co-infections.

Materials and methods

A descriptive study with 5 groups was performed: 1) Pregnant women with Plasmodium infection (n=10). 2) Pregnant women with STH infection (n=14). 3) Pregnant women with coinfection Plasmodium and STH (n=14). 4) Pregnant women without infection with Plasmodium nor STH (n=10). 5) Non-pregnant women without infection with Plasmodium nor STH (n=6). Plasma-derived EVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and fractions containing EVs identified by a bead-based flow cytometric assay for CD9; the size and concentration of EVs were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and proteins associated with EVs were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in a pool of samples per study group.

Results

There were no statistical differences in expression of the CD9 EVs marker among study groups. The size range of EVs was more variable in the three infected groups (100-700 nm) compared to the size range of the uninfected groups (50-300 nm). A total of 823 quantifiable proteins with measurable abundance values were identified within the five study groups. Of the total quantifiable proteins, 758 were identified as human, six proteins pertained to P. vivax, fifteen to Trichiuris trichiura, and one to hookworms. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD051270.

Discussion

This is the first study that identifies proteins from Plasmodium and STH in EVs isolated from pregnant women. The identification of such proteins from neglected tropical parasites accounting for a major burden of disease worldwide, open the possibilities of studying their physiological role during infections as well as exploring them for antigen discovery, vaccine development and biomarker discovery.
Dermocosmetic properties of bioproducts from Sargassum macroalgae: chemical aspects, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Cunha dos Santos Thalisia , Pompermayer Machado Levi , Pimentel Santos Ana Luíza Vidal , Campos Martins Roberto Carlos , Cavalcanti Diana Negrão , Wolff Bueno Guilherme , Madeira Sanches Ana Letícia , Concha Obando Johana Marcela
Published: November 2024

The cosmetics industry is experiencing continuous growth and the search for dermoactive metabolites continues to increase, positioning natural marine products as an essential element in this market. The genus Sargassum, a cosmopolitan brown alga, stands out for its diversified arsenal of metabolites with biological properties of great interest for the cosmetic sector. This study presents an updated review of the dermocosmetic properties of 17 Sargassum species published between 2020 and 2024, emphasizing increasing interest in its antioxidant and photoprotective properties. Furthermore, the review highlights the crucial role of green extraction methodologies, such as ultrassom-assisted extraction (EAU), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). It is also provided a conceptual outline of the spectrometric analytical techniques used for characterization of extracts and identification of active composts, such as polysaccharides (alginate and fucoidane), phenolic composts (phlorotannins and phenylpropanóids) and terpenoids (diterpenoids, saponins and norisoprenóids). In addition to addressing bioprospecting and the potential of the biorefinery in the cosmetics sector, this review analyzes challenges related to quality control of raw materials, seasonal fluctuations of seaweed and regulations governing the collection and use of seaweed. To provide a detailed update on the dermocosmetic potential of these algae, the review aims to support future research and encourage bioprospection of this biomass as a sustainable and promising source for the development of new bioproducts.
Evaluation of marine ecological civilization construction and its spatial correlation network in China’s coastal province from the perspective of land-sea coordination
Authors: Gao Kun , Yu Lianghong
Published: November 2024

The marine ecological civilization construction (MECC) plays an indispensable role in the development of ecological civilization in China. With the growth of the marine economy, threats to ecological environment have been increasing. From the standpoint of land-sea coordination, this study evaluates the MECC in China's coastal province and employs social network analysis to explore the spatial correlation network structure and radiation capacity. The results show that: (1) The MECC in China's coastal provinces has exhibited a general upward trend with occasional fluctuations. However, the subsystems exhibit disparate developmental trends, with the pressure subsystem exhibiting a slight decline. (2) While the MECC of all coastal provinces has increased, the MECC of China's coastal provinces exhibits considerable variation, with each facing different development challenges. (3) The spatial correlations of the MECC among coastal provinces have become increasingly pronounced, particularly in the regions surrounding Hangzhou Bay and Bohai Bay, while long-distance trans-regional correlations are relatively weaker. (4) There have been notable improvements in the MECC radiation capacity of all provinces, most prominently in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Shandong, which currently rank among the highest in the country. Conversely, the MECC radiation capacity of Liaoning, Hebei, Fujian, and Hainan remains relatively underdeveloped. The results indicate that while the MECC has developed, it still encounters obstacles pertaining to regional disparities, subsystem challenges, and spatial correlation development. The study concludes with a series of recommendations aimed at fostering sustainable development of the MECC in China's coastal regions.
Research progress of solid waste resource utilization backfill mining for Jinchuan Nickel Mine, China
Authors: Hui Cao , Aiai Wang , Lianku Xie , Xi-Zhi Zhang , Yong-Ding Wang , Qian Gao
Published: November 2024

The Jinchuan Nickel Mine is the largest large-scale copper–nickel sulfide deposit in China and the third largest in the world. Due to the deep burial of the ore body, high geostress, and broken ore rock, the downward layered cementing and filling mining method with high cost and low production capacity is adopted. The Jinchuan Nickel Mine uses bar milling sand as the filling aggregate and cement as the cementing material and adopts pipeline autoclave conveying filling mining technology with a high cement-to-sand ratio and high concentration of filling slurry, which results in the high cost of filling mining and poor mining economic benefits. In order to reduce the cost of filling mining, the Jinchuan Nickel Mine has carried out a series of research on low-cost filling mining technology by utilizing solid waste, such as using metallurgical slag instead of cement to develop low-cost filling cementitious material, using waste rock and bar mill sand as the mixed aggregate, using waste rock and tailing sand as the mixed aggregate, mixing fly ash with the mixed aggregate, and mixing copper processing tailing with the mixed aggregate. The strength of the 3d, 7d, and 28d cemented filling body of waste rock and bar mill sand reached 1.5 MPa, 2.6 MPa, and 4.8 MPa, respectively; the strength of the 3d, 7d, and 28d cemented filling body of waste rock tailings reached 4.7 MPa, 6.1 MPa, and 9.0 MPa, respectively; the strength of the 3d, 7d, and 28d cemented filling body of mixed fly ash reached 2.0 MPa, 2.0 MPa, 6.1 MPa, and 9.0 MPa, respectively; the strength of 3d, 7d, and 28d doped fly ash cemented filling body reached 2.0 MPa, 2.7 MPa, and 5.9 MPa, respectively; the strength of the 3d, 7d, and 28d doped copper-selecting tailings cemented filling body reached 1.55 MPa, 3.11 MPa, and 5.10 MPa respectively; and the strength of 3d early-strength type green filling cementitious material increased to 1.73 MPa. The application of cemented filling with solid waste resources in the Jinchuan Nickel Mine has been successful and popularized and applied in the Longshou Mine and the second mine area. Early-strength green filling cementitious materials and mixed aggregate paste filling technology are the research and development direction for utilization in Jinchuan Nickel Mine filling and mining.
Evaluating the effectiveness and safety of a novel phage cocktail as a biocontrol of Salmonella in biofilm, food products, and broiler chicken
Authors: Torkashvand Narges , Kamyab Haniyeh , Aarabi Parisa , Shahverdi Ahmad Reza , Torshizi Mohammad Amir Karimi , Khoshayand Mohammad Reza , Sepehrizadeh Zargham
Published: November 2024

Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen of animal and public health significance. Considering the disadvantages of antibiotics or chemical preservatives traditionally used to eliminate this pathogen, attention has shifted, in recent years, toward biocontrol agents such as bacteriophages, used either separately or in combination to prevent food contamination. However, extensive use of phage-based biocontrol agents in the food industry requires further studies to ensure their safety and efficacy. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness and safety of phage cocktail, a phage cocktail comprising three pre-characterized Salmonella phages (vB_SenS_TUMS_E4, vB_SenS_TUMS_E15 and vB_SenS_TUMS_E19). First, we performed an MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay on a human foreskin fibroblast cell line, in which the resulting high cell viability revealed the safety of the phage cocktail. Next, we performed a time-kill assay in which a 4 Log decline in bacterial levels was detected. Additionally, we utilized a colorimetric method to evaluate the anti-biofilm activity of phage cocktail, in which it proved more efficacious compared to the MIC and MBEC levels of the antibiotic control. Then, we assessed the ability of phage cocktail to eradicate Salmonella in different food samples, where it considerably reduced the bacterial count regardless of the temperature (4°C and 25°C). Lastly, we used broiler chickens as an animal model to measure the growth-promoting activity of phage cocktail. Salmonella-infected chickens orally treated with modified phage cocktail demonstrated no mortality and a significant increase in weight gain compared to the untreated group (p ≤ 0.0002). The study presents a novel research evaluating the effectiveness and safety of a phage cocktail as a biocontrol agent against Salmonella in various contexts, including biofilms, food products, and broiler chickens. This multifaceted approach underscores the promising role of phage therapy as a sustainable biocontrol strategy in food safety and public health contexts.
Association between platelet-to-red cell distribution width ratio and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lu Rongrong , Wu Changcai
Published: November 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between platelet-to-red cell distribution width ratio (PRR) and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage (NCH).

Methods

The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database was used to identify patients with NCH who needed to be admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). The outcomes of the study included both ICU and in-hospital mortality. Restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to clarify the relationship between PRR and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with NCH.

Results

A total of 3,094 patients (54.0% male) were included in the study, with in-hospital mortality and ICU mortality rates of 16.5 and 11.8%, respectively. A substantial correlation was found by multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis between increased PRR and a lower risk of in-hospital and ICU mortality. Following adjustment for confounding factors, patients with elevated PRR exhibited a significantly decreased risk of in-hospital death (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p = 0.006) and ICU death (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p = 0.027). As PRR increased, restrictive cubic splines showed a progressive decrease in the probability of all-cause mortality. Stratified analyses indicated a consistent association between PRR and both in-hospital and ICU mortality.

Conclusion

Among critically ill patients with NCH, lower PRR was substantially correlated with the increased probability of all-cause mortality in both the ICU and hospital. According to this research, PRR might be a valuable indicator for identifying NCH patients at risk of all-cause mortality.
Unsupervised method for representation transfer from one brain to another
Authors: Nakamura Daiki , Kaji Shizuo , Kanai Ryota , Hayashi Ryusuke
Published: November 2024

Although the anatomical arrangement of brain regions and the functional structures within them are similar across individuals, the representation of neural information, such as recorded brain activity, varies among individuals owing to various factors. Therefore, appropriate conversion and translation of brain information is essential when decoding neural information using a model trained using another person’s data or to achieving brain-to-brain communication. We propose a brain representation transfer method that involves transforming a data representation obtained from one person’s brain into that obtained from another person’s brain, without relying on corresponding label information between the transferred datasets. We defined the requirements to enable such brain representation transfer and developed an algorithm that distills the assumption of common similarity structure across the brain datasets into a rotational and reflectional transformation across low-dimensional hyperspheres using encoders for non-linear dimensional reduction. We first validated our proposed method using data from artificial neural networks as substitute neural activity and examining various experimental factors. We then evaluated the applicability of our method to real brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging response data acquired from human participants. The results of these validation experiments showed that our method successfully performed representation transfer and achieved transformations in some cases that were similar to those obtained when using corresponding label information. Additionally, we reconstructed images from individuals’ data without training personalized decoders by performing brain representation transfer. The results suggest that our unsupervised transfer method is useful for the reapplication of existing models personalized to specific participants and datasets to decode brain information from other individuals. Our findings also serve as a proof of concept for the methodology, enabling the exchange of the latent properties of neural information representing individuals’ sensations.
Examining the relationship between CDAI and frailty and its manifestation in Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zeng Zhaohao , Jin Wen , Huang Kunyu , Xiong Lijiao , Luo Yu , Li Guoyang , Zhang Wenli , Hong Guo , Mao Fengju , Xiong Kaifen , Luo Xiaoguang
Published: November 2024

Background

Higher intake of antioxidants is associated with reduced risk of various chronic diseases. However, the relationship between composite dietary antioxidants and frailty has not been characterized, especially in neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinson’s disease (PD) where frailty is highly prevalent. This study aimed to investigate the association between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), a composite score reflecting antioxidant vitamin and mineral intakes, and frailty risk in the general United States (US) population and PD patients.

Methods

Data from 21,354 participants ≥40 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2018 represented the general population sample, while 268 PD patients were analyzed separately. Frailty was defined using a validated index. Weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) examined overall and nonlinear CDAI-frailty associations, adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities.

Results

In the general population, each unit increase in CDAI was associated with a 3.7% lower likelihood of frailty after full adjustments. Vitamin A, C, E, selenium and carotenoids exhibited J-shaped relationships where frailty risk decreased below intake thresholds of 1093.04 μg, 161.53 mg, 13.66 mg, 109.99 μg, and 5057.50 μg, respectively. In contrast, the CDAI- frailty inverse association was weaker among PD patients and only vitamin C (threshold 52.45 mg) and zinc (9.35 mg) showed nonlinear links.

Conclusion

Higher dietary antioxidant intake was associated with lower frailty prevalence in the general US population, with vitamins A, C, E, selenium, and carotenoids exhibiting nonlinear J-shaped relationships. In contrast, these associations were weaker and less consistent among PD patients, with only vitamins C and zinc showing nonlinear correlations. These findings highlight population-specific differences in the role of dietary antioxidants in frailty and suggest the need for personalized nutritional strategies in PD frailty management.
Safety and usability of oncology information systems – a systematic review
Authors: Cihoric Nikola , Riggenbach Elena , Putora Paul Martin , Dennstädt Fabio
Published: November 2024

Background

Digitalization has become integral to healthcare and specifically cancer treatment. Healthcare providers in oncology widely use electronic data collection and management systems in contemporary clinical practice. However, some reports point to severe problems regarding usability, which negatively impact the clinical workforce, as well as safety issues related to electronic health records, which potentially endanger patients. This systematic review aims to evaluate current scientific literature on the usability and safety aspects of electronic health records in oncology.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature review on PubMed and Scopus to identify articles on the usability and safety aspects of electronic health records and clinical information systems utilized in oncological care. Two authors independently evaluated available literature according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, we quantitatively analyzed and classified the reported findings.

Results

Our literature research strategy retrieved 1032 articles. We included seven articles for further processing. Three projects focused on the assessment of electronic health record functionality, three projects described the process of user-driven design, and one article described remediation procedures introduced to compensate inability of computer systems to adapt to user requirements.

Conclusion

Literature on the usability and safety of electronic health records in oncology is sparse. It is essential to raise awareness and start systematic activity to promote research on the usability of electronic health records in oncology.
Case Report: Efficacy of anlotinib and sintilimab in treating lung adenocarcinoma with RET fusion and PD-L1 expression
Authors: Bao Hejing , Zhang Jiani , Wang Yuhuan , Chen Zhiting , Luo Xi , Li Ting , Su Haoran , Bao Hehong , Cao Xiaolong , Lin Liping
Published: November 2024

We report a case of an advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient with brain metastasis, RET fusion, and high expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) at initial treatment. After receiving radiotherapy for the brain metastasis, the patient started with anlotinib and added immunotherapy with sintilimab. The patient had a good response to anlotinib and sintilimab treatment, tolerated the adverse reactions, and had a progression-free survival (PFS) of over 17 months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical case report in the literature describing the benefit of anlotinib and sintilimab treatment for non-small cell lung cancer with RET fusion and high PD-L1 expression. This study explores the biomarker selection for targeted therapy and combined immunotherapy in NSCLC patients.
Yishen paidu pills attenuates 5/6 nephrectomy induced kidney disease via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Saiji , Cao Yiling , Yuan Qian , Xie Yaru , Zhu Yuting , Yao Lijun , Zhang Chun
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a substantial global health issue with high morbidity and mortality. Yishen Paidu Pills (YSPDP) are effective concentrated water pills composed of four herbs developed by Wuhan Union Hospital to treat CKD. However, the mechanism of YSPDP action is largely unknown. This study combined metabolomics, network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and experimental verification to elucidate and identify the effects and potential mechanisms of YSPDP against CKD.

Methods

Firstly, we used metabolomics analyses to identify the chemical components of YSPDP. Then, network pharmacology was conducted and indicated the predicted signaling pathways regulated by YSPDP. Next, we conducted a 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (5/6 SNx) rat model and treated these rats with YSPDP or Losartan for 10 weeks to evaluate the effect of YSPDP on CKD. To further analyze the underlying mechanism of YSPDP in CKD, the kidney tissues of 5/6 SNx rats treated with vehicle and YSPDP were performed with transcriptome sequencing. Finally, the western blot was performed to validate the signaling pathways of YSPDP against CKD.

Results

Twenty-four classes of chemicals were identified by metabolomics in YSPDP. YSPDP markedly hindered CKD progression, characterized by the restoration of body weight and serum albumin levels, improved renal function, diminished tissue injury, and hampered renal fibrosis in 5/6 SNx rats. The efficacy of YSPDP in ameliorating the progression of CKD was comparable to that of losartan. Furthermore, network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and functional enrichment analysis indicated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was the key pathway regulated by YSPDP. Western blot validated the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in the kidney of 5/6 SNx rats treated by YSPDP.

Conclusion

The study identified the chemicals of YSPDP and revealed that YSPDP prevented the progression of CKD by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in 5/6 SNx rats.