bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Class of Novel N‐(3S‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carbonyl)‐L‐amino Acid Derivatives: Their Synthesis, Antithrombotic Activity Evaluation, and 3D QSAR Analysis.
Authors: Cheng Shenling , Zhang Xiaoyi , Wang Wei , Zhao Ming , Zheng Meiqing , Chang Heng Wei , Wu Jianghui , Peng Shiqi
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple and Regioselective Introduction of Protected Sulfates into Carbohydrates Using Sulfuryl Imidazolium Salts.
Authors: Desoky Ahmed Y. , Taylor Scott D.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐D‐Mannopyranosyl Phosphosugars.
Authors: Crich David , Picard Sebastien
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: DIBAL‐H Mediated Triple and Quadruple Debenzylations of Perbenzylated Cyclodextrins.
Authors: Rawal Girish K. , Rani Shikha , Ward Sandra , Ling Chang‐Chun
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ecionines A (Ia) and B (Ib), Two New Cytotoxic Pyridoacridine Alkaloids from the Australian Marine Sponge, Ecionemia geodides
Authors: Barnes Emma C. , Said Nur Akmarina B. M. , Williams Elizabeth D. , Hooper John N. A. , Davis Rohan A.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Regioselective Deacylation Studies on Peracylated 2′‐Azido arabino‐ and ribo‐Thymine Nucleosides: Towards 5′‐O,2′‐N‐Linked Oligonucleotides.
Authors: Sharma Deepti , Khandelwal Anuj , Sharma Raman K. , Bhatia Sumati , Reddy L. Chandrashekar , Olsen Carl E. , Wengel Jesper , Parmar Virinder S. , Prasad Ashok K.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: M10709, a New Cyclic Peptide Antibiotic from Clinically Isolated Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Kumamoto Takuya , Koshino Hiroyuki , Watanabe Daisuke , Matsumoto Yuko , Aoyama Kazuki , Harada Ken‐ichi , Ishikawa Tsutomu , Mikami Yuzuru
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Antitumor Activity of Spirohexenolides A and B.
Authors: Kang MinJin , Jones Brian D. , Mandel Alexander L. , Hammons Justin C. , DiPasquale Antonio G. , Rheingold Arnold L. , La Clair James J. , Burkart Michael D.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peloruside B, a Potent Antitumor Macrolide from the New Zealand Marine Sponge Mycale hentscheli: Isolation, Structure, Total Synthesis, and Bioactivity.
Authors: Singh A. Jonathan , Xu Chun‐Xiao , Xu Xiaoming , West Lyndon M. , Wilmes Anja , Chan Ariane , Hamel Ernest , Miller John H. , Northcote Peter T. , Ghosh Arun K.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Zeolites
Authors: Yu Jihong
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐D Zinc Sulfide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Kar Soumitra , Chaudhuri Subhadra
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards a Catalogue of Designer Zeolites
Authors: Treacy M. M. J. , Foster M. D. , Rivin I.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning the Functional Properties of Metal Complexes Containing Polytopic Heteroaromatic Nitrogen Ligands.
Authors: Pettinari Claudio , Masciocchi Norberto , Pandolfo Luciano , Pucci Daniela
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Phosphors with Cyclometalating Ligands: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Chi Yun , Chou Pi‐Tai
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organopalladium(IV) Chemistry
Authors: Xu Ling‐Min , Li Bi‐Jie , Yang Zhen , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐ and Enzyme‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Alcohols
Authors: Karvembu R. , Prabhakaran R. , Muthu Tamizh M. , Natarajan K.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zwitterionic Relatives of Cationic Platinum Group Metal Complexes: Applications in Stoichiometric and Catalytic σ‐Bond Activation.
Authors: Stradiotto Mark , Hesp Kevin D. , Lundgren Rylan J.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oximinotyrosine‐Derived Marine Natural Products
Authors: Hentschel Fabia , Lindel Thomas
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) to the Applications of VDF‐Containing Polymers and Copolymers: Recent Developments and Future Trends
Authors: Ameduri Bruno
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dyotropic Reactions: Mechanisms and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Fernandez Israel , Cossio Fernando P. , Sierra Miguel A.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Type of Oxidation—Reduction Condensation by the Combined Use of Phenyl Diphenylphosphinite and Oxidant
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Kuroda Kiichi , Maruyama Yuji
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Reductive Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Unsymmetrical Alkynes.
Authors: Reichard Holly A. , McLaughlin Martin , Chen Ming Z. , Micalizio Glenn C.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Tetraphenylenes
Authors: Rajca Andrzej , Rajca Suchada
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Carbonyl and Related Molecules: Novel Trends in C—C Bond Formation by C—H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Johansson Carin C. C. , Colacot Thomas J.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiodivergent Organocascade Reactions
Authors: Westermann Bernhard , Ayaz Muhammad , van Berkel Sander S.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Natural Products Containing Spiroketals via Intramolecular Hydrogen Abstraction.
Authors: Sperry Jonathan , Liu Yen‐Cheng , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold and Organocatalysis Combined
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Hubbert Christoph
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Phosphine Organocatalysis
Authors: Marinetti Angela , Voituriez Arnaud
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptoid—Peptide Hybrid Backbone Architectures
Authors: Olsen Christian A.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Fluorinated Nucleosides
Authors: Qiu Xiao‐Long , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Chemical Ligation Strategies for the Synthesis of Glycopeptides and Glycoproteins
Authors: Payne Richard J. , Wong Chi‐Huey
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling with Organometallic Reagents via C—H Activation
Authors: Sun Chang‐Liang , Li Bi‐Jie , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactivity of Natural Phenols
Authors: Denisov E. T. , Denisova T. G.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Electronic Energy Transfer: A Means to Govern Excited‐State Properties of Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Lavie‐Cambot Aurelie , Lincheneau Christophe , Cantuel Martine , Leydet Yoann , McClenaghan Nathan D.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Ergot Alkaloid Gene Cluster: Functional Analyses and Evolutionary Aspects.
Authors: Lorenz Nicole , Haarmann Thomas , Pazoutova Sylvie , Jung Manfred , Tudzynski Paul
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Evolution of Metabolic Diversity in Polyketide‐Derived Pyrones: Using the Noncolinear Aureothin Assembly Line as a Model System.
Authors: Busch Benjamin , Hertweck Christian
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonmodular Polyketide Synthases in Myxobacteria.
Authors: Li Yanyan , Mueller Rolf
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Evolution of Metabolic Diversity: Insights from Microbial Polyketide Synthases.
Authors: Jenke‐Kodama Holger , Dittmann Elke
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity, Regulation, and Evolution of the Gibberellin Biosynthetic Pathway in Fungi Compared to Plants and Bacteria.
Authors: Boemke Christine , Tudzynski Bettina
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Always Being Well Prepared for Defense: The Production of Deterrents by Juvenile Chrysomelina Beetles (Chrysomelidae).
Authors: Burse Antje , Frick Sindy , Discher Sabrina , Tolzin‐Banasch Karla , Kirsch Roy , Strauss Anja , Kunert Maritta , Boland Wilhelm
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosidase Inhibition: Assessing Mimicry of the Transition State
Authors: Gloster Tracey M. , Davies Gideon J.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: “Sticky Electrons” Transport and Interfacial Transfer of Electrons in the Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Peter Laurence
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recombination in Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Mora‐Sero Ivan , Gimenez Sixto , Fabregat‐Santiago Francisco , Gomez Roberto , Shen Qing , Toyoda Taro , Bisquert Juan
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Platform Technology Using Molecular Display
Authors: Shibasaki Seiji
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials Derived from Carbohydrates
Authors: Jagadeesan Dinesh , Eswaramoorthy Muthusamy
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Methods for Design of Organic Materials with High Charge Mobility
Authors: Wang Linjun , Nan Guangjun , Yang Xiaodi , Peng Qian , Li Qikai , Shuai Zhigang
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reading the Code of Single RNA Molecules
Authors: Mueller Sabine
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Blue Fluorescent Amino Acids as in vivo Building Blocks for Proteins
Authors: Merkel Lars , Hoesl Michael G. , Albrecht Marcel , Schmidt Andreas , Budisa Nediljko
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assemblies of Functional Dyes Controlled by Multiple Hydrogen Bonding Interactions
Authors: Yagai Shiki
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efflux Pump Inhibitors: A Strategy to Combat P‐Glycoprotein and the NorA Multidrug Resistance Pump
Authors: Zhang Ling , Ma Shutao
Published: April 2010

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the cause of an ever‐increasing number of problems in the treatment of cancers and bacterial infections. The active efflux of drugs contributes significantly to this phenomenon. This minireview summarizes recent advances in combating MDR, with particular emphasis on natural and synthetic efflux pump inhibitors of P‐glycoprotein in resistant tumor cells and of the NorA MDR pump inStaphylococcus aureus.
Chronic kidney disease after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma and implications for the administration of perioperative chemotherapy
Authors: Lane Brian R. , Smith Armine K. , Larson Benjamin T. , Gong Michael C. , Campbell Steven C. , Raghavan Derek , Dreicer Robert , Hansel Donna E. , Stephenson Andrew J.
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND:

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is poorly defined, both before and after nephrouretectomy. Although multimodal treatment paradigms for UTUC are under‐developed, this has important implications on patients' ability to receive cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy (CBCC).

METHODS:

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula in 336 patients with UTUC, who were treated at the Cleveland Clinic by nephroureterectomy since 1992. An eGFR cutoff of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was used to determine the presence of CKD and eligibility for CBCC.

RESULTS:

Median age was 72 years and median preoperative eGFR was 59 mL/min/1.73m2. Before nephroureterectomy, only 48% of patients were eligible to receive CBCC and this decreased to 22% postoperatively (P < .001). In the 144 patients with pT2‐pT4 and/or pN1‐pN3 disease who are suitable to receive CBCC, these proportions were 40% and 24%, respectively (P = .009). Although 50 patients overall received some form of perioperative chemotherapy, only 3 and 11 patients received neoadjuvant and adjuvant CBCC, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

CKD is prevalent in the UTUC population and a minority of patients has an optimal eGFR to receive neoadjuvant CBCC. Nephrouretectomy may eliminate CBCC as a therapeutic option in 49% of high‐risk patients if it is deferred to the adjuvant setting. Multimodal treatment strategies for UTUC should focus on neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as few patients are eligible for adjuvant CBCC because of the substantial decline in eGFR caused by nephroureterectomy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Characteristics of patients who refuse do‐not‐resuscitate orders upon admission to an acute palliative care unit in a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Parsons Henrique A. , de la Cruz Maxine J. , Zhukovsky Donna S. , Hui David , Delgado‐Guay Marvin O. , Akitoye Adenike E. , El Osta Badi , Palmer Lynn , Palla Shana L. , Bruera Eduardo
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND:

Refusal of appropriately indicated do‐not‐resuscitate (DNR) orders may cause harm and distress for patients, families, and the medical team. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the frequency and predictors of refusals of DNR in advanced cancer patients admitted to an acute palliative care unit.

METHODS:

A total of 2538 consecutive admissions were reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics from 200 consecutive patients with DNR orders and 100 consecutive patients who refused DNR were collected, and differences between the groups were determined by multivariate regression and recursive partitioning analysis.

RESULTS:

Of 2538 admissions, 2530 (99%) were appropriate for DNR discussion. Of the 2530 admissions, 2374 were unique patients, and 100 (4%) of 2374 refused DNR. Refusers had median (interquartile range, IQR) pain of 7 (4‐9) versus 5 (3‐8, P = .0005), nausea of 2 (0‐7) versus 1 (0‐4, P = .05), and dyspnea of 1 (0‐5) versus 4 (0‐7, P = .002) as compared with DNR nonrefusers, respectively. Patients with hematological malignancies and advance directives had a lower DNR refusal risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.38; P = .02, and OR, 0.36; P < .0001, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that patients with moderate‐severe pain (OR, 3.19; P = .002) and with no advance directives (OR, 2.94; P ≤ .001) had higher DNR refusal risk. There were more inpatient deaths among DNR nonrefusers (87 of 200 vs 1 of 100, P < .0001). Median (IQR) time from discharge to death was 18 (8‐35) days for those with DNR orders and 85 (25‐206) days for DNR refusers (P ≤ .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

DNR refusal in patients admitted to the acute palliative care unit is low, more frequent in patients with more pain and nausea and no advance directives, and associated with longer survival. This study demonstrates possible predictors of complicated DNR discussions. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Trastuzumab‐based neoadjuvant therapy in patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Chang Helena R.
Published: April 2010

Overexpression, or gene amplification, of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is evident in 20% to 25% of breast cancers. The biologic agent trastuzumab is an HER2‐targeted monoclonal antibody that inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells and induces tumor cell death through multiple mechanisms of action. Currently, trastuzumab is approved for use in the adjuvant and metastatic settings. Trials combining trastuzumab with neoadjuvant chemotherapy suggest that patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer also may benefit from preoperative trastuzumab. For this article, the author reviewed efficacy and safety data from key studies of patients who received neoadjuvant trastuzumab‐based therapy. Studies were identified from literature searches of publication and congress databases. The results of 3 large phase 3 trials (the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center neoadjuvant trastuzumab trial, the Neoadjuvant Herceptin [NOAH] trial, and the German Breast Group/Gynecologic Oncology Study Group “GeparQuattro” trial) demonstrated that, compared with chemotherapy alone, neoadjuvant trastuzumab plus chemotherapy significantly increased pathologic complete response rates to as high as 65%. Improvements in disease‐free, overall, and event‐free survival also were reported in the NOAH trial. In addition to demonstrated efficacy, a low incidence of cardiac dysfunction suggests that neoadjuvant trastuzumab is both effective and well tolerated. Similar results have been reported in a range of phase 2 studies using different trastuzumab‐based regimens. These encouraging data led the National Comprehensive Cancer Network to recommend treating patients who have operable, locally advanced, HER2‐positive breast cancer with neoadjuvant paclitaxel plus trastuzumab followed by 5‐fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide plus trastuzumab. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Differential impact of high‐dose cyclophosphamide, topotecan, and vincristine in clinical subsets of patients with chemoresistant neuroblastoma
Authors: Kushner Brian H. , Kramer Kim , Modak Shakeel , Qin Li‐Xuan , Cheung Nai‐Kong V.
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND:

In what to the authors' knowledge is the first such study for a pediatric cancer, a large database was retrospectively analyzed to assess statistically the likelihood of response to a given salvage therapy in different clinical subsets of patients.

METHODS:

Treatment was comprised of high‐dose cyclophosphamide (at a dose of 140 mg/kg), topotecan (at a dose of 8 mg/m2), and vincristine (at a dose of 0.067 mg/kg or 2 mg/m2, whichever was lower; maximum dose, 2 mg) (HD‐CTV). The Fisher exact test was used for comparisons of response rates among standard subsets of patients (n = 126) with refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma (NB).

RESULTS:

Among children, major (ie, complete/partial) responses occurred in 11 of 58 (19%) with primary refractory NB, 4 of 14 (29%) with secondary refractory NB, 13 of 25 (52%) with a new (first) disease recurrence, and none of 13 patients with progressive disease (PD) while receiving therapy. Other children had mixed responses (MRs); when combining major responses and MRs, anti‐NB activity was noted in 26 of 58 (45%) children with primary refractory NB, 10 of 14 (71%) children with secondary refractory NB, 20 of 25 (80%) children with a new (first) disease recurrence, and 1 of 13 (8%) children with PD while receiving therapy. The response rate was significantly different across the 4 groups of children for both major responses (P = .003) and combined responses (P = .001). All 10 adolescents/adults treated for primary refractory NB had no response, which was a significantly inferior result compared with the response rate of 45% noted in children with primary refractory NB (P = .008).

CONCLUSIONS:

Response to HD‐CTV as salvage therapy is significantly less likely in adolescents/adults and in children with NB that is persistent or progressing on treatment rather than newly recurrent off treatment. These findings are broadly applicable and should be considered when designing, and interpreting the results of, phase 2 studies. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Value of integrated positron emission tomography revised using a phantom study to evaluate malignancy grade of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nakayama Haruhiko , Okumura Sakae , Daisaki Hiromitsu , Kato Yasufumi , Uehara Hirofumi , Adachi Shuji , Yoshimura Masahiro , Okada Morihito
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND:

The malignant biological behavior of small‐sized lung adenocarcinomas remains obscure, although understanding this feature is important for selecting appropriate treatment. In the current study, the authors evaluated malignancy grades of small adenocarcinomas using fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in addition to high‐resolution CT (HRCT) and pathological analysis in a multicenter setting.

METHODS:

A total of 201 patients with clinical T1N0M0 adenocarcinoma underwent PET/CT and HRCT followed by complete surgical resection. Associations between components of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) in specimens and maximum standardized uptake values (maxSUV) on PET/CT and ground‐glass opacity (GGO) ratios and tumor disappearance rate (TDR) on HRCT were analyzed, as well as associations between these findings and pathological features of the tumors. Variations in maxSUV among institutions and the underestimations derived from small tumors, which are limitations of PET performed in multicenter studies, were adjusted using a phantom study.

RESULTS:

The maxSUV, BAC ratio, TDR, and GGO ratio (in that order) reflected the grade of tumor invasiveness and lymph node metastasis. The maxSUV and BAC ratio were found to be significant prognostic predictors derived from disease‐free survival curves. Although the BAC ratio was found to be significantly associated with preoperative radiographic parameters, the maxSUV, GGO ratio, and TDR (all P < .0001), the degree of correlation with maxSUV (correlation coefficient [R2] = 0.1699) was much weaker than that reported with the GGO ratio (R2 = 0.5860) or TDR (R2 = 0.5082).

CONCLUSIONS:

Phantom studies can overcome the difficulties of multicenter studies using PET. A higher maxSUV appears to reflect aggressive malignant behavior in clinical T1N0M0 adenocarcinomas, independent of BAC components. Preoperative PET/CT assessment in addition to HRCT could be used to construct hypotheses for a future clinical study of strategies for the treatment of patients with small lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Neurodevelopmental expression and localization of the cellular prion protein in the central nervous system of the mouse
Authors: Benvegnù Stefano , Poggiolini Ilaria , Legname Giuseppe
Published: April 2010

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative disorders caused by PrPSc, or prion, an abnormally folded form of the cellular prion protein (PrPC). The abundant expression of PrPC in the central nervous system (CNS) is a requirement for prion replication, yet despite years of intensive research the physiological function of PrPC still remains unclear. Several routes of investigation point out a potential role for PrPC in axon growth and neuronal development. Thus, we undertook a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal expression of PrPC during mouse CNS development. Our findings show regional differences of the expression of PrP, with some specific white matter structures showing the earliest and highest expression of PrPC. Indeed, all these regions are part of the thalamolimbic neurocircuitry, suggesting a potential role of PrPC in the development and functioning of this specific brain system. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1879–1891, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Annual banned‐substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing
Authors: Thevis Mario , Kuuranne Tiia , Geyer Hans , Schänzer Wilhelm
Published: April 2010

The annual update of the list of prohibited substances and doping methods as issued by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) allows the implementation of most recent considerations of performance manipulation and emerging therapeutics into human sports doping control programmes. The annual banned‐substance review for human doping controls critically summarizes recent innovations in analytical approaches that support the efforts of convicting cheating athletes by improved or newly established methods that focus on known as well as newly outlawed substances and doping methods. In the current review, literature published between October 2008 and September 2009 reporting on new and/or enhanced procedures and techniques for doping analysis, as well as aspects relevant to the doping control arena, was considered to complement the 2009 annual banned‐substance review. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD8α+ DC are not the sole subset cross‐presenting cell‐associated tumor antigens from a solid tumor
Authors: McDonnell Alison M. , Prosser Amy C. , van Bruggen Ivonne , Robinson Bruce W. S. , Currie Andrew J.
Published: April 2010

One of the clear paradoxes in tumor immunology is the fact that cross‐presentation of cell‐associated tumor antigens to CD8+ T cells is efficient, yet CTL generation is weak, and tumors continue to grow. We examined, for the first time whether this may be due to alterations in the phenotype or function of cross‐presenting DC using a solid tumor model expressing a membrane bound neo‐antigen (hemagglutinin, HA). Tumor antigen was constitutively cross‐presented in the tumor‐draining LN throughout tumor progression by CD11c+ DC. Further analysis revealed that both CD8α+ and CD8α− DC subsets, but not plasmacytoid DC, were effective at cross‐presenting HA tumor antigen. The proportions of DC subsets in the tumor‐draining LN were equivalent to those seen in the LN of naïve mice; however, a significant increase in the expression of the potential inhibitory B7 molecule, B7‐DC, was noted and appeared to be restricted to the CD8α– DC subset. Therefore LN resident CD8α+ DC are not the sole DC subset capable of cross‐presenting cell‐associated tumor antigens. Migratory tumor DC subsets with altered co‐stimulatory receptor expression may contribute to induction and regulation of tumor‐specific responses.
Mediated Biocatalytic Electrodes and Enzyme Stabilisation for Power Generation
Authors: Brito Paula , Turner Anthony P. F.
Published: April 2010

This contribution considers the origins, principles and recent literature published on enzymatic biofuel cells, with a focus on performance and stability. Modified or new biofuel cell components, such as modified electrodes, new enzymes and the use of new mediators to improve power output and stability are reviewed. The development of biofuel cells to date leaves huge potential for further improvement and practical application. Cooperation between different fields of science is essential to realise important potential applications in human health and power generation; future research needs to achieve this are discussed.
Quantitative analysis of over 20 years of golf course monitoring studies
Authors: Baris Reuben D. , Cohen Stuart Z. , Barnes N. LaJan , Lam Juleen , Ma Qingli
Published: April 2010

The purpose of the present study was to comprehensively evaluate available golf course water quality data and assess the extent of impacts, as determined by comparisons with toxicologic and ecologic reference points. Most water quality monitoring studies for pesticides have focused on agriculture and often the legacy chemicals. There has been increased focus on turf pesticides since the early 1990s, due to the intense public scrutiny proposed golf courses receive during the local permitting process, as well as pesticide registration evaluations by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Results from permit-driven studies are frequently not published and knowledge about them is usually not widespread. Forty-four studies involving 80 courses from a 20-year period passed our quality control and other review criteria. A total of 38,827 data entries (where one analysis for one substance in one sample equals a data entry) from pesticide, pesticide metabolite, total phosphorus, and nitrate analyses of surface water and groundwater were evaluated. Analytes included 161 turf-related pesticides and pesticide metabolites. Widespread and/or repeated water quality impacts by golf courses had not occurred at the sites studied, although concerns are raised herein about phosphorus. Individual pesticide database entries that exceed toxicity reference points for groundwater and surface water are 0.15 and 0.56%, respectively. These percentages would be higher if they could be expressed in terms of samples collected rather than chemicals analyzed. The maximum contaminant level ([MCL]; 10 mg/L) for nitrate-nitrogen was exceeded in 16/1,683 (0.95%) of the groundwater samples. There were 1,236 exceedances of the total phosphorus ecoregional criteria in five ecoregions for 1,429 (86.5%) data entries. (This comparison is conservative because many of the results in the database are derived from storm flow events.) Thus, phosphorus appears to present the greatest water quality problem in these studies. Pesticides detected in wells had longer soil metabolism half-lives (49 d) compared with those not detected (22 d), although the means were not significantly different. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1224–1236. © 2010 SETAC
A comparison of forecast performance between federal reserve staff forecasts, simple reduced‐form models, and a DSGE model
Authors: Edge Rochelle M. , Kiley Michael T. , Laforte Jean‐Philippe
Published: April 2010

This paper considers the ‘real‐time’ forecast performance of the Federal Reserve staff, time‐series models, and an estimated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model—the Federal Reserve Board's Estimated, Dynamic, Optimization‐based (Edo) model. We evaluate forecast performance using out‐of‐sample predictions from 1996 to 2004. We find that the Edo model can provide forecasts that are competitive with those of Federal Reserve staff. Taken together with the fact that the Edo model has also proved useful in answering a range of policy questions, this suggests a significant and broad role for richly specified DSGE models in the toolbox of central bank models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of metabolism of vitamins D2 and D3 in children with nutritional rickets
Authors: Thacher Tom D , Fischer Philip R , Obadofin Michael O , Levine Michael A , Singh Ravinder J , Pettifor John M
Published: April 2010

Children with calcium-deficiency rickets may have increased vitamin D requirements and respond differently to vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Our objective was to compare the metabolism of vitamins D2 and D3 in rachitic and control children. We administered an oral single dose of vitamin D2 or D3 of 1.25 mg to 49 Nigerian children—28 with active rickets and 21 healthy controls. The primary outcome measure was the incremental change in vitamin D metabolites. Baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations ranged from 7 to 24 and 15 to 34 ng/mL in rachitic and control children, respectively (p < .001), whereas baseline 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] values (mean ± SD) were 224 ± 72 and 121 ± 34 pg/mL, respectively (p < .001), and baseline 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] values were 1.13 ± 0.59 and 4.03 ± 1.33 ng/mL, respectively (p < .001). The peak increment in 25(OH)D was on day 3 and was similar with vitamins D2 and D3 in children with rickets (29 ± 17 and 25 ± 11 ng/mL, respectively) and in control children (33 ± 13 and 31 ± 16 ng/mL, respectively). 1,25(OH)2D rose significantly (p < .001) and similarly (p = .18) on day 3 by 166 ± 80 and 209 ± 83 pg/mL after vitamin D2 and D3 administration, respectively, in children with rickets. By contrast, control children had no significant increase in 1,25(OH)2D (19 ± 28 and 16 ± 38 pg/mL after vitamin D2 and D3 administration, respectively). We conclude that in the short term, vitamins D2 and D3 similarly increase serum 25(OH)D concentrations in rachitic and healthy children. A marked increase in 1,25(OH)2D in response to vitamin D distinguishes children with putative dietary calcium-deficiency rickets from healthy children, consistent with increased vitamin D requirements in children with calcium-deficiency rickets. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Effects of catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate on testosterone production in rat leydig cells
Authors: Yu Po‐Ling , Pu Hsiao‐Fung , Chen Sung‐Yun , Wang Shyi‐Wu , Wang Paulus S.
Published: April 2010

Catechins have been reported to have many pharmacological properties such as the effects of anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐carcinogenic, anti‐ultraviolet, and reduction of blood pressure as well as glucose and cholesterol levels. However, the effect of catechins on the reproductive mechanism is still unknown. In the present study, the effects of catechins on testosterone secretion in rat testicular Leydig cells (LCs) were explored. Both in vivo and in vitro investigations were performed. Purified LCs were incubated with or without catechin (CCN), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, 10−10–10−8 M) under challenge with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 0.01 IU/ml), forskolin, SQ22536 (an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor), 8‐bromo‐adenosine 3′:5′‐cyclic monophosphate (8‐Br‐cAMP), A23187 (a calcium ionophore), and nifedipine (10−5 M), respectively. To study the effects of catechins on steroidogenesis, steroidogenic precursors‐stimulated testosterone release was examined. The functions of the steroidogenic enzymes including protein expression of cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein were investigated and expressed by Western blotting. Catechins increased plasma testosterone in vivo in male rats. In vitro, low‐dose concentration of catechins increased gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)‐stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) release by anterior pituitary gland and hCG‐stimulated testosterone release by LCs of male rats. These results suggested that catechins stimulated testosterone production by acting on rat LCs via the mechanism of increasing the action of cAMP, but not P450scc, StAR protein or the activity of intracellular calcium. EC, one of the catechins increased the testosterone secretion by rat LCs via the enzyme activities of 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β‐HSD). J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 333–342, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.