bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adolescents and Young Adults Living With an Uncertain or Poor Cancer Prognosis: The “New” Lost Tribe
Authors: Burgers Vivian W.G. , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , van der Meer Daniël J. , McCabe Martin G. , Rijneveld Anita W. , van den Bent Martin J. , Husson Olga
Published: March 2021

Historically, adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer, diagnosed for the first time at age 15 through 39 years, have often been identified as a “lost tribe” without a medical “home”; neither pediatric nor adult oncology services were able to provide age-appropriate care to this specific group. Internationally, AYA care programs are being established to bridge the gap between the age-defined healthcare worlds and to address the specific needs of AYAs with cancer. However, AYA care programs mostly focus on improving cure rates and addressing survivorship issues, and direct less attention to the unique needs of those living with an uncertain and/or poor cancer prognosis. Additionally, palliative care services are typically poorly equipped to address the age-specific needs of this group. Given that increasingly more AYAs with an uncertain and/or poor cancer prognosis are gaining life years because of novel treatments, and sometimes even face the prospect of long-term disease control, AYA care programs should address the unique palliative care needs of this “new” lost tribe within AYA oncology. This report provides a definition and description of the AYA population living with an uncertain and/or poor cancer prognosis in terms of epidemiologic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics and challenges, and provides perspectives for future research and care initiatives. It also highlights the need to comprehensively examine the experience of AYAs who are living with uncertain and/or poor cancer prognosis to adjust best care practices for this unique group.
NCCN Guidelines Insights: Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 2.2021
Authors: Ettinger David S. , Wood Douglas E. , Aisner Dara L. , Akerley Wallace , Bauman Jessica R. , Bharat Ankit , Bruno Debora S. , Chang Joe Y. , Chirieac Lucian R. , D’Amico Thomas A. , Dilling Thomas J. , Dowell Jonathan , Gettinger Scott , Gubens Matthew A. , Hegde Aparna , Hennon Mark , Lackner Rudy P. , Lanuti Michael , Leal Ticiana A. , Lin Jules , Loo Jr Billy W. , Lovly Christine M. , Martins Renato G. , Massarelli Erminia , Morgensztern Daniel , Ng Thomas , Otterson Gregory A. , Patel Sandip P. , Riely Gregory J. , Schild Steven E. , Shapiro Theresa A. , Singh Aditi P. , Stevenson James , Tam Alda , Yanagawa Jane , Yang Stephen C. , Gregory Kristina M. , Hughes Miranda
Published: March 2021

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) address all aspects of management for NSCLC. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on recent updates to the NCCN Guidelines regarding targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and their respective biomarkers.
Education during the COVID-19: crisis Opportunities and constraints of using EdTech in low-income countries
Authors: Jordan Katy , David Raluca , Phillips Toby , Pellini Arnaldo
Published: March 2021

La pandemia de Covid-19 ha marcado el comienzo de un período de interrupción educativa a una escala sin precedentes. Durante este tiempo de crisis, la educación no funcionará como de costumbre y EdTech por sí sola no puede cerrar la brecha de aprendizaje. Serán maestros dedicados y educadores resilientes quienes se asegurarán de que el aprendizaje no se detenga, pero las herramientas de EdTech adecuadas podrían ayudarlos. Sin embargo, la brecha digital significa que el acceso a Internet y a las redes móviles varía mucho en los países de ingresos medios y bajos. En este documento de debate, exploramos algunas de las limitaciones clave de utilizar EdTech a escala para apoyar la educación en países de bajos ingresos en un momento de crisis, y destacamoslas oportunidades que han surgido hasta ahora, en un contexto que cambia rápidamente. Nos basamos en la evidencia y los ejemplos para fundamentar las decisiones políticas y de programación, pasando de la respuesta de emergencia inicial a la construcción de resiliencia a largo plazo, y planificando para diagnosticar y tratar las brechas de aprendizaje que han surgido durante la crisis.

The Covid-19 pandemic has ushered in a period of educational disruption on an unprecedented scale. During this time of crisis, education will not be business as usual, and EdTech alone cannot close the learning gap. It will be dedicated teachers and resilient educators who will ensure learning doesn’t st op — but they could be helped by the right EdTech tools. However, the digital divide means that internet and mobile network access varies greatly in middle and low - income countries. In this discussion paper, we explore some of the key constraints of using EdTech at scale to support education in low - income countries at a time of crisis, and highlight the opportunities that have so far emerged, in a rapidly - changing context. We draw upon evidence and examples to inform policy and programming decisions, moving from the initial emergency response to building resilience in the longer term, and planning to diagnose and treat the learning gaps that have emerged during the crisis.
Editorial: Religião, ciência e arte em tempos pandêmicos
Authors: Nery Carneiro Everton , Távora Furtado Ribeiro Luís , Coelho Gomes da Silva Sandra Célia , Zeferino Jefferson , Souza Candiotto Jaci de Fátima
Published: March 2021

Dossiê: Religião, ciência e arte em tempos pandêmicos. Editorial, v. 5, n. 2, 2020.
Photosynthetic responses ofHalimeda scabra(Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) to interactive effects of temperature, pH, and nutrients and its carbon pathways
Authors: Zuñiga-Rios Daily , Vásquez-Elizondo Román Manuel , Caamal Edgar , Robledo Daniel
Published: March 2021

In this study, we evaluated the interactive effects of temperature, pH, and nutrients on photosynthetic performance in the calcareous tropical macroalgaHalimeda scabra. A significant interaction among these factors on gross photosynthesis (Pgross) was found. The highest values ofPgrosswere reached at the highest temperature, pH, and nutrient enrichment tested and similarly in the control treatment (no added nutrients) at 33 °C at the lowest pH. TheQ10Pgrossvalues confirmed the effect of temperature only under nutrient enrichment scenarios. Besides the above, bicarbonate (HCO3−) absorption was assessed by the content of carbon stable isotope (δ13C) in algae tissue and by its incorporation into photosynthetic products, as well as by carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors (Acetazolamide, AZ and Ethoxyzolamide, EZ) assays. The labeling of δ13C revealed this species uses both, CO2and HCO3−forms ofCirelying on a CO2Concentration Mechanism (CCM). These results were validated by the EZ-AZ inhibition assays in which photosynthesis inhibition was observed, indicating the action of internal CA, whereas AZ inhibitor did not affect maximum photosynthesis (Pmax). The incorporation of13C isotope into aspartate in light and dark treatments also confirmed photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic the HCO3−uptake.
Ergonomic Consideration of Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block between Experienced and Novice Anaesthesiologists
Authors: Sundaram Subbulakshmi , Dhakshinamoorthy . , Srinivasan . , Swaminathan Ashok
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Ergonomics is the science of interaction between human and working environment. The growing use of Ultrasound (US) in regional anaesthesia has created the need to consider ergonomic aspects relevant to regional anaesthesia. Aim: To analyse ergonomic consideration of Ultrasound-guided (USG) Transversus Abdominis Plane block (TAP) between experienced and novice anaesthesiologists for Inguinal Hernia Repair. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted where 10 experienced (E) (performed >20 TAP block procedures) and 11 novice (N) (performed at least 5 TAP block procedures) anaesthesiologists participated. The study included 21 patients of ASA I and II posted for inguinal hernia repair under spinal anaesthesia. USG TAP block was given after the completion of surgical procedure. Patient, operator and environmental factors were observed and measured using a measuring scale and photographs and goniometer. Results: Performance of USG TAP block was ergonomically suboptimal and varied among the operators. A 7E and 2N performed the procedure in sitting position and others in standing position, which was statistically significant (p=0.03) adjustment of tables were done by 7E and 2N operators, the difference statistically significant (p=0.03). A 2E and 8N flexed their back and 7E kept their neck flexed less than 20° and 9N kept their neck flexed more than 20° which was statistically significant (p=0.001). Only 10E and 5N kept Ultrasound machine in front in line and others were not, which was statistically significant (p=0.012). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of side of the block performed, location of the procedure, position of assistants and trolleys in relation to operator during the procedure. Conclusion: It was found that the performance of USG TAP block was ergonomically sub-optimal in the setting described. compared to novice, experienced operators performed better. Inclusion of ergonomic concepts in academic training
Anemia: Considerations for the Dental Practitioner
Authors: Aoun Georges , Aoun Pamela , Sharrouf Wissam , El-Outa Abbass
Published: March 2021

Anemia is a condition of decreased red blood cell number or hemoglobin concentration, or of disturbance in their function, ultimately leading to decreased oxygen transport to tissues. Many factors and diseases may lead to anemia, with wide manifestations systemically as well as orally. Therefore, a sound understanding of this condition is essential for the dental practitioner, with emphasis on alerting signs, dental management and proper communication with patient’s physician.
Tailored Design‐of‐Experiments Approach for Device Performance Prediction and Optimization of Flash‐Evaporated Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskite‐Based Photodetectors
Authors: Lee Jonghoon , Lee Woocheol , Lee Jeongjae , Baek Kyeong‐Yoon , Shin Jiwon , Kim Jae‐Keun , Kim Junwoo , Ahn Heebeom , Kang Keehoon , Lee Takhee
Published: March 2021

Single‐source flash evaporation method has recently gained attention for its potential as a rapid and solvent‐free deposition method for producing organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OHP) films in large‐scale. However, due to a complex nature of the different experimental parameters involved in the deposition process, it is not straightforward to obtain the optimal condition for producing high‐quality OHP films. In this study, this problem is tackled by employing the design‐of‐experiment (DoE) process, which is an efficient statistical analysis for finding an optimized condition with a minimized number of experiments. The DoE process is used for optimizing the responsivity of the OHP photodetector devices against the input variables used in the deposition that yielded an enhanced responsivity of 112.2 mA W−1, which is up to an order of magnitude higher than that of the unoptimized devices. The experimental results using the DoE method provide not only the conditions required for enhancing the device performance but also the guidelines for improving the overall film quality through exploring the variable space of the flash evaporation technique.
Home range, sleeping site use, and band fissioning in hamadryas baboons: Improved estimates using GPS collars
Authors: Henriquez Megan C. , Amann Alexis , Zimmerman Dawn , Sanchez Carlos , Murray Suzan , McCann Colleen , Tesfaye Teklu , Swedell Larissa
Published: March 2021

Variation in spatial and temporal distribution of resources drives animal movement patterns. Links between ecology and behavior are particularly salient for the multilevel society of hamadryas baboons, in which social units cleave and coalesce over time in response to ecological factors. Here, we used data from GPS collars to estimate home range size and assess temporal patterns of sleeping site use in a band of hamadryas baboons in Awash National Park, Ethiopia. We used GPS data derived from 2 to 3 collared baboons over three 8–12‐month collaring intervals to estimate annual and monthly home ranges using kernel density estimators (KDEs) and minimum convex polygons (MCPs). The 95% KDE home range was 64.11 km2 for Collaring Interval I (July 2015–March 2016), 85.52 km2 for Collaring Interval II (October 2016–October 2017), 76.43 km2 for Collaring Interval III (July 2018–May 2019), and 75.25 km2 across all three collaring intervals. MCP home ranges were 103.46 km2 for Collaring Interval I, 97.90 km2 for Collaring Interval II, 105.22 km2 for Collaring Interval III, and 129.33 km2 overall. Ninety‐five percent KDE home range sizes did not differ across months, nor correlate with temperature or precipitation, but monthly MCP home ranges increased with monthly precipitation. Our data also revealed a southward home range shift over time and seven previously unknown sleeping sites, three of which were used more often during the wet season. Band cohesion was highest during dry months and lowest during wet months, with fissioning occurring more frequently at higher temperatures. One pair of collared individuals from Collaring Interval III spent 95% of nights together, suggesting they were members of the same clan. Our results both suggest that previous studies have underestimated the home range size of hamadryas baboons and highlight the benefits of remote data collection.
Rubidium abundances of galactic disk stars
Authors: Takeda Yoichi
Published: March 2021

Spectroscopic determinations of rubidium abundances were made by applying the spectrum‐fitting method to the Rb(i)7800 line for an extensive sample of∼500late‐type dwarfs as well as giants (including Hyades cluster stars) belonging to the galactic disk population, with the aim of establishing the behavior of [Rb/Fe] ratio for disk stars in the metallicity range of−0.6 ≲[Fe/H]≲ +0.3. An inspection of the resulting Rb abundances for Hyades dwarfs revealed that they show a systematicTeff‐dependent trend at≳ 5,500K; this means that the results for mid‐G to F stars (including the Sun) are not reliable (i.e., more or less overestimated), which might be due to some imperfect treatment of surface convection in classical model atmospheres. As such, it was decided to confine only to late‐G and K stars atTeff ≲ 5,500K and adopt the solar‐system (meteoritic) value as the reference Rb abundance. The [Rb/Fe] versus [Fe/H] relations derived for field dwarfs and giants turned out to be consistent with each other, showing a gradual increase of [Rb/Fe] with a decrease in [Fe/H] (with d[Rb/Fe]/d[Fe/H] gradient of∼ −0.4around the solar metallicity), which compares favorably with the theoretical prediction of chemical evolution models. Accordingly, this study could not confirm the anomalous behavior of [Rb/Fe] ratio (tending to be subsolar but steeply increasing towards supersolar metallicity) recently reported for M dwarf stars of−0.3 ≲[Fe/H]≲ +0.3.
Positive Affect and Career Decision‐Making: The Moderating Role of Interpersonal Spin
Authors: Park In‐Jo , Hai Shenyang , Akkermans Jos , Verbruggen Marijke
Published: March 2021

We investigated the moderating role of interpersonal spin in the relationships between positive affect, career decision self‐efficacy (CDSE), and career indecision among young adults (16 women, 79 men). Interpersonal spin was calculated using the diary method, wherein students reported their daily interpersonal behaviors for 14 consecutive days. Results indicated that positive affect was positively associated with CDSE and negatively associated with career indecision. Interpersonal spin diminished the positive relationship between positive affect and CDSE and the negative relationship between positive affect and career indecision. Our findings extend prior studies by uncovering the influence of positive affect and behavioral stability, including interpersonal spin, on the career decision process. Counselors are encouraged to foster individuals' positive affect and reduce their interpersonal spin to obtain positive career outcomes, such as high CDSE and low career indecision.
Azobioisosteres of Curcumin with Pronounced Activity against Amyloid Aggregation, Intracellular Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation
Authors: Hofmann Julian , Ginex Tiziana , Espargaró Alba , Scheiner Matthias , Gunesch Sandra , Aragó Marc , Stigloher Christian , Sabaté Raimon , Luque F. Javier , Decker Michael
Published: March 2021

Many (poly‐)phenolic natural products, for example, curcumin and taxifolin, have been studied for their activity against specific hallmarks of neurodegeneration, such as amyloid‐β 42 (Aβ42) aggregation and neuroinflammation. Due to their drawbacks, arising from poor pharmacokinetics, rapid metabolism, and even instability in aqueous medium, the biological activity of azobenzene compounds carrying a pharmacophoric catechol group, which have been designed as bioisoteres of curcumin has been examined. Molecular simulations reveal the ability of these compounds to form a hydrophobic cluster with Aβ42, which adopts different folds, affecting the propensity to populate fibril‐like conformations. Furthermore, the curcumin bioisosteres exceeded the parent compound in activity against Aβ42 aggregation inhibition, glutamate‐induced intracellular oxidative stress in HT22 cells, and neuroinflammation in microglial BV‐2 cells. The most active compound prevented apoptosis of HT22 cells at a concentration of 2.5 μm (83 % cell survival), whereas curcumin only showed very low protection at 10 μm (21 % cell survival).
Neue Ansätze zur Behandlung von Mukoviszidose
Authors: Orschel Lutz , Mammadova Türkay ,   Arbeitsgruppe von Prof. Dr. W. M. Weber
Published: March 2021

Untersuchungen zur Dosis‐Wirkungs‐Beziehung von Ivacaftor und Tezacaftor an Oozyten des Südafrikanischen Krallenfrosches Xenopus laevis
Approaches for estimating benefits and costs of interventions in plant biosecurity across invasion phases
Authors: Welsh Melissa J. , Turner James A. , Epanchin‐Niell Rebecca S. , Monge Juan J. , Soliman Tarek , Robinson Andrew P. , Kean John M. , Phillips Craig , Stringer Lloyd D. , Vereijssen Jessica , Liebhold Andrew M. , Kompas Tom , Ormsby Michael , Brockerhoff Eckehard G.
Published: March 2021

Nonnative plant pests cause billions of dollars in damages. It is critical to prevent or reduce these losses by intervening at various stages of the invasion process, including pathway risk management (to prevent pest arrival), surveillance and eradication (to counter establishment), and management of established pests (to limit damages). Quantifying benefits and costs of these interventions is important to justify and prioritize investments and to inform biosecurity policy. However, approaches for these estimations differ in (1) the assumed relationship between supply, demand, and prices, and (2) the ability to assess different types of direct and indirect costs at invasion stages, for a given arrival or establishment probability. Here we review economic approaches available to estimate benefits and costs of biosecurity interventions to inform the appropriate selection of approaches. In doing so, we complement previous studies and reviews on estimates of damages from invasive species by considering the influence of economic and methodological assumptions. Cost accounting is suitable for rapid decisions, specific impacts, and simple methodological assumptions but fails to account for feedbacks, such as market adjustments, and may overestimate long‐term economic impacts. Partial equilibrium models consider changes in consumer and producer surplus due to pest impacts or interventions and can account for feedbacks in affected sectors but require specialized economic models, comprehensive data sets, and estimates of commodity supply and demand curves. More intensive computable general equilibrium models can account for feedbacks across entire economies, including capital and labor, and linkages among these. The two major considerations in choosing an approach are (1) the goals of the analysis (e.g., consideration of a single pest or intervention with a limited range of impacts vs. multiple interventions, pests or sectors), and (2) the resources available for analysis such as knowledge, budget and time.
Myocardial Deformation Assessed by MR Feature Tracking in Groups of Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhang Chen , Tian Jie , DeLano Mark , Ma Xiaohai
Published: March 2021

Background

Global myocardial strain assessments have been shown to provide useful measures of contractility in many diseases, but whether feature tracking (FT)‐derived strain at rest can differentiate ischemic myocardium from infarcted and remote myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear.

Purpose

To evaluate the performance of magnetic resonance imaging FT‐derived strain in the detection of regional myocardial deformation in ischemic, infarcted, and apparent normal myocardium in CAD.

Study Type

Retrospective

Population

A total of 109 patients with CAD.

Field Strength/Sequences

Steady‐state free‐precession rest cine, T1‐weighted saturation‐recovery fast gradient echo stress/rest perfusion, and two‐dimensional phase‐sensitive inversion recovery breath‐hold late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) tests were performed at 3.0 T.

Assessment

Based on perfusion and LGE images, left ventricular (LV) myocardial segments of CAD patients were categorized into ischemic, infarcted, and negative groups. The FT longitudinal (LS) and circumferential strain (CS) of normal subjects and the three CAD groups were calculated. Z‐scores of each segment of CAD patients were calculated.

Statistic Tests

χ2 testing, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal‐Wallis tests. Z‐scores were used to compare the strain between CAD groups.

Results

There were significant differences in global LS (GLS) and CS (GCS) between healthy controls (GLS: −19.0% ± 1.4%, GCS, −20.9% ± 1.8%), ischemia (GLS: −17.4% ± 2.1%, GCS, −19.6% ± 1.9%), infarction (GLS: −16.4% ± 1.9%, GCS, −17.8% ± 1.9%), and negative patients (GLS: −17.7% ± 1.4%, GCS, −20.9% ± 2.4%) (all P < 0.05). There were significant differences in regional LS and CS between ischemic (LS, −16.1% ± 5.0%, CS, −18.7% ± 5.0%), infarcted (LS, −14.8% ± 5.2%, CS, −15.3% ± 4.8%), and negative segments (LS, −17.6% ± 5.2%, CS, −19.8% ± 4.8%) (all P < 0.05). The differences in the z‐scores of regional LS and CS between the ischemic, infarcted, and negative segments were also significant (all P < 0.05).

Data Conclusion

FT‐derived rest strain indices of the LV myocardium of CAD patients were higher compared to healthy controls and varied between ischemic, infarcted, and negative segments.

Level of Evidence

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 5.
Exploring fractional order 2‐D Helmholtz equation using finite difference scheme through the bat optimization algorithm
Authors: Khan Najeeb Alam , Ahmed Samreen , Razzaq Oyoon Abdul , Kamil Mahmood Ahmad
Published: March 2021

This endeavor proposes an effective implementation of a hybrid technique for computing the approximate solution of fractional order Helmholtz equation, with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The novel scheme is an amalgamation of the traditional finite difference method with the bat optimization algorithm (BOA). This nature‐inspired optimization technique simulates the echolocation behavior of foraging bats, which ascertain the surroundings through the echo of their emitted sound pulse. Systematically, the deliberated fractional order system is altered into an integer order partial differential equation by virtue of linearized expansion of Laplace transformation. Subsequently, the attained system is processed through the proposed innovative finite difference optimization technique (FDOT) the numerical discussions. Furthermore, some experiments are carried out in order to expound the effective execution and application of the technique. In addition, the convergence and accuracy of the scheme are also delineated numerically, via statistical inference. The significant outcomes of the analysis reveal the advantageousness of the proposed numerical scheme, which can efficiently handle the complexities of the fractional order 2‐D Helmholtz equation.
Mechanical properties of silk plain‐weft knitted scaffolds for bladder tissue engineering applications
Authors: Khademolqorani Sanaz , Tavanai Hossein , Ajalloueian Fatemeh
Published: March 2021

Appropriate mechanical properties in both longitudinal and circumferential directions are an important requirement for the scaffold aimed at tissue engineering of the human urinary bladder. In this research, three weft‐knitted silk fibroin scaffolds with stitch densities of 138, 182, and 245 loops/cm2were fabricated and studied for potential use in bladder regeneration applications. It was shown that the porosity and surface porosity of the scaffolds increased as stitch density decreased. Moreover, increasing the stitch density assisted with decreasing the very big pore size of the weft‐knitted scaffolds. The uniaxial mechanical properties of the degummed scaffolds (namely strength and loading–unloading behavior), as well as multiaxial mechanical properties (providing the clinically relevant assessment conditions), were studied. We further studied the effect of cell culturing on the uniaxial mechanical properties of the scaffolds. It was observed that the cell‐cultured scaffold represented more strength and strain than the control scaffold after 6 weeks in culture. This study demonstrated that all three studied scaffolds demonstrate low stiffness (high compliance) along with high strength and high strains. Furthermore, comparing the uniaxial properties of weft‐knitted scaffolds with those of porcine bladder confirms that all three types of silk fibroin weft‐knitted scaffolds resemble bladder. However, the scaffold with a stitch density of 182 loops/cm2more closely simulated the porcine bladder, which is believed to be similar to the human bladder. Therefore, this scaffold can be a potential candidate for bladder tissue engineering studies.
Learning goal orientation and psychological capital among students: A pathway to academic satisfaction and performance
Authors: Sánchez‐Cardona Israel , Ortega‐Maldonado Alberto , Salanova Marisa , Martínez Isabel M.
Published: March 2021

This study explores the mediating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) in the association between learning goal orientation (LGO), academic satisfaction, and performance among college students. We suggest that PsyCap provides positive psychological resources through which learning‐oriented students sustain the effort in academic achievement situations, contributing to academic satisfaction and performance. Seven hundred and sixty‐eight (n = 768) college students completed an academic well‐being survey, including LGO, PsyCap, and academic satisfaction measures. Academic performance was collected 5 months later from the University academic records of students. Path analysis results showed that LGO was directly related to academic satisfaction and performance and indirectly related through PsyCap. Statistically significant indirect effects showed a partial mediation. These results highlight the importance of positive education through investment in psychological resources to increase performance and satisfaction among college students.
Wireless Experimental Determination of Dispersion Curves of Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Modes Supported by a Transmission Line
Authors: Ghaddar Ali , Lheurette Éric , Burgnies Ludovic
Published: March 2021

Excitation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) by means of a dipole antenna is considered to experimentally assess the dispersion curves of the two first modes guided by a meandered transmission line (TL). First, simulated dispersion curves bring out even and odd symmetries of the SSPP modes highlighted by magnetic field mappings. Then, a dipole antenna with vertical and horizontal polarization is proposed for generating the even and odd propagation modes by near‐field magnetic coupling, respectively. Experimental validation is carried out with a SSPP TL fabricated on a flexible substrate (Kapton). For each mode, experiments show a pass‐band feature of the transmission between two antennas coupled to the SSPP TL with ripples related to the presence of a standing wave. Finally, the dispersion curves are experimentally achieved using a de‐embedding method applied on the scattering parameters directly measured between antennas without the need of a mode conversion structure. Experimental results are favorably compared with the simulated transmission and dispersion curves.
Auxiliary model‐based iterative parameter estimation for a nonlinear output‐error system with saturation and dead‐zone nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Xiao , Ding Feng , Alsaedi Ahmed , Hayat Tasawar
Published: March 2021

This article is concerned with the parameter estimation problem of a nonlinear output‐error system with saturation and dead‐zone nonlinearity. The saturation nonlinearities and the dead‐zone nonlinearities are widely encountered in engineering applications and the identification for the nonlinear systems with these nonlinearities is very crucial. Based on the over‐parameterization identification model and the auxiliary model identification idea, an auxiliary model least‐squares‐based iterative algorithm is presented for estimating the parameters of the nonlinear system with saturation and dead‐zone nonlinearity. In order to enhance the computational efficiency, an auxiliary model gradient‐based iterative algorithm is presented for the nonlinear system. Using the multi‐innovation identification theory, an auxiliary model multi‐innovation gradient‐based iterative algorithm is derived for tracking time‐varying parameters. An example is carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. The numerical simulation results show that all the proposed algorithms can generate accurate parameter estimates.
Experimental investigation of flood energy reduction through vegetation at various angles
Authors: Ahmed Afzal , Valyrakis Manousos , Ghumman Abdul Razzaq , Pasha Ghufran Ahmed , Farooq Rashid
Published: March 2021

The efficiency of flow energy reduction past emergent vegetation has been typically studied assuming a right angle of the vegetated corridor to the flow direction. However, in many real‐world cases the riparian zones of natural, restored, or engineered rivers and waterways, are found at an oblique angle to the flood flow direction. In the current study, the effect of vegetation angle with respect to the flow direction is investigated experimentally in an open channel rectangular flume. The experiments are conducted under a range of subcritical steady flow conditions, with varying Froude number (Fro). The vegetation cover is placed at various angles to the flow direction (90°, 45°, and 30°), for a sparse and intermediate vegetation density, defined from the ratio of spacing of each vegetation element in the cross stream direction (B), and the diameter of vegetation element (d) (B/d = 2.13 and 1.09, respectively). Detailed water surface profiles are obtained for all those cases, demonstrating a considerable backwater rise, increasing with increasing vegetation density, Froude number, and flow approach angle. The energy reduction decreased by increasing the Froude number for the perpendicular (90°) and increased for oblique vegetation (45° and 30°). For the perpendicular vegetation, the average energy reduction rate for sparse (90VS) and intermediate (90VI) vegetation densities are 25.44% and 31.44%, respectively. The range of average energy reduction for sparse vegetation at 45° (45VS) and at 30° (30VS) are 18.3–19.8% and 18.7–19.7%, respectively. Similarly, range of average energy reduction for intermediate vegetation at 45° (45VI) and at 30° (30VI) are 21.4–22% and 18.8–22%, respectively.
A novel test by combining the maximum and minimum values among a large number of dependent Z‐scores with application to genome wide association study
Authors: Li Zhengbang , Qin Sanan , Li Qizhai
Published: March 2021

In this article, we propose a novel test via combining the maximum and minimum values among a large number of dependent Z‐scores for testing the hypothesis with sparse signals. The proposed test employs the information about different signs of maximum and minimum Z‐scores and thus power is gained. Its asymptotic null distribution is derived under the null hypothesis and some regular conditions. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to show the advantages of the proposed test by comparing with two existing ones. A real application to the lipids genome wide association study further shows its performances.
Coping among public safety personnel: A systematic review and meta–analysis
Authors: Di Nota Paula M. , Kasurak Emily , Bahji Anees , Groll Dianne , Anderson Gregory S.
Published: March 2021

Public safety personnel (PSP) are routinely exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) that, in turn, can result in posttraumatic stress injuries (PTSI), including burnout and increased symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, the longitudinal impact of PPTEs on PSP coping remains unclear. Coping can be operationalized as various strategies (i.e., behaviours, skills, thought and emotion regulation) for dealing with stressors, which are broadly categorized as either approach (adaptive, positive, social support) or avoidant coping strategies (maladaptive withdrawal, avoidance, substance use). This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to evaluate longitudinal coping outcomes among PSP. Thirteen eligible repeated‐measures studies explicitly evaluated coping in 1854 police officers, firefighters, and rescue and recovery workers. Study designs included randomized‐control trials, within‐subject interventions and observational studies. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) at follow‐up were described in 11 studies. Separate meta‐analyses reveal small (d < 0.2) but non‐significant improvements in approach and avoidant coping. Studies were of moderate quality and low risk of publication bias. Heterogeneity in outcome measures, follow‐up durations, and study types precluded subgroup analyses. The current findings can inform the development and evaluation of organizational training programs that effectively promote sustained adaptive coping for PSP and mitigate PTSIs.
Turning Data into Actionable Policy Insights
Authors: Verstraete Jonas , Acar Freya , Concilio Grazia , Pucci Paola
Published: March 2021

It is becoming clearer that data-supported input is essential in the policy making process. But at which point of the process, and in which format, can data aid policy making? And what does an organisation need to turn data into relevant insights? This paper explores the role of data from two perspectives. In the first part, data and data analysis are situated in the policy making process by mapping them onto the data supported policy making model and highlighting the different roles they can assume in each stage and step of the process. The second part discusses a practical framework for policy-oriented data activities, zooming in on the data-specific actions and the actors performing them in each data-supported step of the policy making process. We observe that a close collaboration between the policy maker and data scientist in the framework of an iterative approach permits to transform the policy question into a suited data analysis question and deliver relevant insights with the flexibility desired by decision makers. In conclusion, for data to be turned into actionable policy insights it is vital to set up structures that ensure the presence and the collaboration of policy-oriented and data-oriented competences.
Big Data: Konsequenzen für das Human Resource Management Schweizer Unternehmen
Authors: Reissich Georg , Rohr Geraldine , Wanzenried Bernadette , Schellinger Jochen
Published: March 2021

Die Digitalisierung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft hat zur Folge, dass aufgrund der fast unbegrenzten Kommunikations- und ökonomischen Transaktionsmöglichkeiten mit einer Vielzahl technischer Zugangsmöglichkeiten rund um die Uhr in- und außerhalb von Unternehmen kontinuierlich Daten generiert werden. Die hinter diesen Daten stehenden Informationen können für Unternehmen sehr wertvoll werden, sei es als Grundlage neuer Geschäftsmodelle, bei der Weiterentwicklung ihrer Produkte oder zur Optimierung interner Prozesse. Die riesige Datenmenge und zugehörige neue Analysetechniken können unter dem Oberbegriff „Big Data“ zusammengefasst werden. Der Beitrag untersucht den Einfluss von Big Data auf das Human Resource Management Schweizer Unternehmen. Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Untersuchung wurden thesenbasierte Interviews mit Expertinnen und Experten von Unternehmen und Institutionen geführt, die für die Zukunft einen zunehmenden Einsatz von Big-Data-Analysen auch im Human Resource Management vermuten lassen, auch wenn derzeitige Anwendungen noch eher rudimentär erfolgen.
Grundlagen der Robotic Process Automation
Authors: Arnautovic Hanka , Habegger Anja , Haller Stephan
Published: March 2021

Große Teile der Arbeitswelt stecken aktuell in der Transformation zur Industrie 4.0. Ziel dieser vierten industriellen Revolution ist eine wirtschaftliche Produktion durch dezentral gesteuerte, autonome Prozesse, unterstützt durch Digitalisierung und Automatisierung sowie durch die Vernetzung von Maschinen, Robotern, Werkstücken und Mitarbeitenden. Die Auswirkungen dieser Entwicklung auf die Arbeitswelt werden kontrovers diskutiert; Szenarien von der Vernichtung von Millionen von Arbeitsplätzen in den nächsten fünf Jahren bis hin zur Schaffung praktisch ebenso vieler neuer Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten mit veränderten Qualifikationsanforderungen über alle Branchen hinweg stehen in Literatur und Praxis einander gegenüber. Robotic Process Automation stellt in dieser Entwicklung einen ersten Schritt auf dem Weg zu einer intelligenten Prozessautomation dar und bietet Unternehmen den Einstieg in die Digitalisierung und Automatisierung von Prozessen sowie in die Kollaboration von Menschen und Softwarerobotern.
Medical students as adverse drug event managers, learning about side effects while improving their reporting in clinical practice
Authors: Reumerman M. , Tichelaar J. , Richir M.C. , van Agtmael M.A.
Published: March 2021

Managing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is a challenge, especially because most healthcare professionals are insufficiently trained for this task. Since context-based clinical pharmacovigilance training has proven effective, we assessed the feasibility and effect of a creating a team of Junior-Adverse Drug Event Managers (J-ADEMs). The J-ADEM team consisted of medical students (1st–6th year) tasked with managing and reporting ADRs in hospitalized patients. Feasibility was evaluated using questionnaires. Student competence in reporting ADRs was evaluated using a case-control design and questionnaires before and after J-ADEM program participation. From Augustus 2018 to Augustus 2019, 41 students participated in a J-ADEM team and screened 136 patients and submitted 65 ADRs reports to the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Center Lareb. Almost all patients (n = 61) found it important that “their” ADR was reported, and all (n = 62) patients felt they were taken seriously by the J-ADEM team. Although attending physicians agreed that the ADRs should have been reported, they did not do so themselves mainly because of a “lack of knowledge and attitudes” (50%) and “excuses made by healthcare professionals” (49%). J-ADEM team students were significantly more competent than control students in managing ADRs and correctly applying all steps for diagnosing ADRs (control group 38.5% vs. intervention group 83.3%, p < 0.001). The J-ADEM team is a feasible approach for detecting and managing ADRs in hospital. Patients were satisfied with the care provided, physicians were supported in their ADR reporting obligations, and students acquired relevant basic and clinical pharmacovigilance skills and knowledge, making it a win-win-win intervention.
Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and its Relationship with the Microbiome
Authors: Fitzgerald Rachel S. , Sanderson Ian R. , Claesson Marcus J.
Published: March 2021

Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the digestive tract, comprising of Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and, where classification is undetermined, inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU). Paediatric IBD incidence is increasing globally, with prevalence highest in the developed world. Though no specific causative agent has been identified for paediatric IBD, it is believed that a number of factors may contribute to the development of the disease, including genetics and the environment. Another potential component in the development of IBD is the microbiota in the digestive tract, particularly the gut. While the exact role that the microbiome plays in IBD is unclear, many studies acknowledge the complex relationship between the gut bacteria and pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we look at the increasing number of studies investigating the role the microbiome and other biomes play in paediatric patients with IBD, particularly changes associated with IBD, varying disease states, and therapeutics. The paediatric IBD microbiome is significantly different to that of healthy children, with decreased diversity and differences in bacterial composition (such as a decrease in Firmicutes). Changes in the microbiome relating to various treatments of IBD and disease severity have also been observed in multiple studies. Changes in diversity and composition may also extend to other biomes in paediatric IBD, such as the virome and the mycobiome. Research into biome differences in IBD paediatric patients may help progress our understanding of the aetiology of the disease.
Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of [11C]MTP38 as a novel PET ligand for phosphodiesterase 7 in the brain
Authors: Obokata Naoyuki , Seki Chie , Hirata Takeshi , Maeda Jun , Ishii Hideki , Nagai Yuji , Matsumura Takehiko , Takakuwa Misae , Fukuda Hajime , Minamimoto Takafumi , Kawamura Kazunori , Zhang Ming-Rong , Nakajima Tatsuo , Saijo Takeaki , Higuchi Makoto
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 7 is a potential therapeutic target for neurological and inflammatory diseases, although in vivo visualization of PDE7 has not been successful. In this study, we aimed to develop [11C]MTP38 as a novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for PDE7.

Methods

[11C]MTP38 was radiosynthesized by 11C-cyanation of a bromo precursor with [11C]HCN. PET scans of rat and rhesus monkey brains and in vitro autoradiography of brain sections derived from these species were conducted with [11C]MTP38. In monkeys, dynamic PET data were analyzed with an arterial input function to calculate the total distribution volume (VT). The non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) in the striatum was also determined by a reference tissue model with cerebellar reference. Finally, striatal occupancy of PDE7 by an inhibitor was calculated in monkeys according to changes in BPND.

Results

[11C]MTP38 was synthesized with radiochemical purity ≥99.4% and molar activity of 38.6 ± 12.6 GBq/μmol. Autoradiography revealed high radioactivity in the striatum and its reduction by non-radiolabeled ligands, in contrast with unaltered autoradiographic signals in other regions. In vivo PET after radioligand injection to rats and monkeys demonstrated that radioactivity was rapidly distributed to the brain and intensely accumulated in the striatum relative to the cerebellum. Correspondingly, estimated VT values in the monkey striatum and cerebellum were 3.59 and 2.69 mL/cm3, respectively. The cerebellar VT value was unchanged by pretreatment with unlabeled MTP38. Striatal BPND was reduced in a dose-dependent manner after pretreatment with MTP-X, a PDE7 inhibitor. Relationships between PDE7 occupancy by MTP-X and plasma MTP-X concentration could be described by Hill’s sigmoidal function.

Conclusion

We have provided the first successful preclinical demonstration of in vivo PDE7 imaging with a specific PET radioligand. [11C]MTP38 is a feasible radioligand for evaluating PDE7 in the brain and is currently being applied to a first-in-human PET study.
Three dimension printing talar prostheses for total replacement in talar necrosis and collapse
Authors: Mu Mi duo , Yang Qian dong , Chen Wan , Tao Xu , Zhang Cheng ke , Zhang Xuan , Xie Mei ming , Tang Kang lai
Published: March 2021

Background

Reconstructing bone structures and stabilizing adjacent joints are clinical challenges in treating talar necrosis and collapse (TNC). 3D printing technology has been demonstrated to improve the accuracy of talar replacement. This study aimed to evaluate anatomical talar replacement and the clinical results.

Methods

Nine patients with TNC were enrolled between 2016 and 2020. The prosthetic shape and size were designed by CT post-processing and mirror symmetry technology. The clinical outcomes included radiographic parameters of the forefoot, hindfoot, and ankle alignment, ankle activity, recurrent pain, and peri-operative complications.

Results

After a mean follow-up of 23.17 ± 6.65 months, degenerative arthritis and prosthetic dislocation and other complications were not observed on plain radiographs. Each 3D-printed talar prosthesis was placed in the original anatomical position. The parameters which have significant changes pre-operative and post-operative are as follows: talar height, 27.59 ± 5.99 mm and 34.56 ± 3.54 mm (95% CI − 13.05 to − 0.87, t = 2.94, P = 0.032) and Meary’s angle, 11.73 ± 4.79° and 4.45 ± 1.82° (95% CI 1.29~22.44, t = 2.89, P = 0.034). The AOFAS hindfoot score improved from 26.33 ± 6.62 to 79.67 ± 3.14 at the final follow-up (95% CI 43.36~63.30, t = 13.75, P = 0.000). The VAS score decreased from 6.33 ± 1.03 to 0.83 ± 0.75 (95% CI 4.40~6.60, t = 12.84, P = 0.000). The post-operative satisfaction scores regarding pain relief, activities of daily living, and return to recreational activities were good to excellent, and the change of activity range was statistically significant.

Conclusions

The 3D printing patient-specific total talar prostheses allowed anatomical reconstruction in TNC. This novel treatment with 3D-printed prostheses could serve as a reliable patient-specific alternative in TNC.