bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population genetics studies of sour orange in Iran
Authors: Ghahremani Rabeeh , Sheidai Masoud , Koohdar Fahimeh
Published: February 2025

Citrus aurantium also known as sour orange or bitter orange is among important Citrus species of the angiosperm subfamily Aurantioideae of the Rutaceae family. Due to importance of Citrus species as the source of food and medicine, they have been subject of been extensive genetic studies throughout the world. Sour orange plants are cultivated in the north and south parts of Iran but we have very limited genetic data on them. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim to study the population genetics of these important fruit plants in the country and provide information on their genetic structure and diversity. We used SCoT molecular markers in 61 plants of 12 sour orange populations. We obtained 33 SCoT bands of which one to two private bands were observed in populations 1 and 5. Genetic diversity parameters determine in the studied populations revealed a low to moderate genetic diversity. Genetic grouping of the populations by UPGMA dendrogram and multidimensional scaling identified two major genetic groups. The studied populations differed significantly in their genetic content as revealed by AMOVA. Distinguishing SCoT loci are identified by Neis'and Gst as well as DAPC analysis. Some of the SCoT loci were significantly associated with geographical variables as revealed by RDA and LFMM analyses.
Containment or bad detection? Poor state capacity implications on reported Covid-19 cases
Authors: Belmonte Alessandro , Magnani Michele
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the effects of state capacity on the reported Covid-19 infection (and mortality) rate and its policy implications. We analyse two dimensions of state capacity which were critical during the pandemic. The healthcare capacity acted to contain the virus outbreak (an effect we call containment). The information capacity acted to detect contagious yet asymptomatic cases (an effect we call detection). We argue that containment pushes down the reported infection rate. In contrast, detection pushes it up, thus generating a non-linear combined effect that we estimate systematically using Colombian municipality-level as well as country-level data, different data sources, and various empirical strategies. Our findings indicate that the infection (and mortality) rates were likely under-reported, especially in areas with a low state capacity level, due to their poor capabilities to detect the virus. Our study put the emphasis on the many facets of state capacity, each affecting in complex ways our understanding of important phenomena, such as the Covid-19 outbreak.
A higher-order spectral element method for modeling eccentric anisotropic multilayered waveguides via transformation optics
Authors: Ribeiro Raul O. , Rosa Guilherme S. , Bergmann José R. , Teixeira Fernando L.
Published: February 2025

We present a higher-order spectral element method (SEM) for analyzing eccentric anisotropic multilayered waveguides. The formulation uses conformal transformation optics to map the original eccentric waveguide to an equivalent concentric one. This transformation is extended to handle anisotropic non-reciprocal media characterized by non-symmetric and non-Hermitian tensors. In the transformed concentric domain, higher-order two-dimensional basis functions associated with the zeros of the completed Lobatto polynomial are used to expand the fields. To simulate radially unbounded problems, we employ a complex-stretched perfectly matched layer to mimic open space. The method is validated with radially bounded two-layer and three-layer waveguides and radially unbounded three-layer waveguides. Comparisons with the finite element method (FEM) demonstrate that our SEM approach requires significantly fewer degrees of freedom than FEM.
An Online Psychoeducational Pilot Program with Homecare Workers of Dependent Older Adults
Authors: Etxeberria Igone , García-Pena Fátima María , Gorostiaga Arantxa , Rezola-Pardo Chloe , Aiestaran Maialen , Pillemer Karl A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Homecare workers play an important role in caring for dependent older adults, but no resources are targeted specifically at this population. This study describes the implementation of an online psychoeducational pilot program among homecare workers of older adults receiving dependent care and presents the preliminary results in research settings. The research design was quasiexperimental and consisted of 20 homecare workers completing baseline and postintervention assessments. The intervention consisted of a 6-week online psychoeducational program conducted by a psychologist via videoconferencing. Attendance and dropout rates were recorded, along with the completion of homework assignments, participation in intervention sessions, and the collection of qualitative information about the intervention’s acceptability indexes. We discuss the lessons learned from the implementation of the pilot study, followed by the preliminary results regarding its effects on the well-being of care workers (trend toward improvements in burnout, anxiety, and depression). Finally, we propose clinical implications and future directions for online program development.
The Mystery of Baselevel Controls in the Incision History of the Central Colorado Plateau
Authors: Tanski Natalie M. , Pederson Joel L. , Hidy Alan J. , Rittenour Tammy M. , Mauch James P.
Published: February 2025

Erosion can remain active and changing in landscapes long after tectonic drivers have ceased, potentially due to local‐geologic controls, climate changes, or geodynamics. We present new fluvial incision‐rate histories and terrain analyses of the Colorado River system through the central Colorado Plateau to understand what has caused the variable erosion across this post‐orogenic landscape. Results from new cosmogenic and luminescence dating of fluvial terrace and upland gravel deposits in Glen and Meander Canyons establish incision‐rate histories that are marked by an Early‐Middle Pleistocene erosion hiatus, followed by ∼200 m of rapid incision over the last ∼350 kyr. Projection of fluvial topography from above knickzones of the Colorado River drainage system roughly agree with the observed magnitude of recent incision and reflect a common baselevel fall from Pliocene river integration through Grand Canyon, which is still propagating through the drainage. A response‐time model indicates that baselevel fall from integration likely took 2–4 Myr to reach the central Colorado Plateau and 100s kyr to travel across the study area, potentially accounting for incision rate changes in the fluvial terrace records of Meander and Glen Canyons. The upstream‐migrating incision has likely been partitioned into multiple waves across the landscape due to the local geologic controls of lava damming, salt tectonics, and heterogenous bedrock. As baselevel fall from Pliocene Colorado River integration diffuses upstream, it can only account for perhaps a quarter of the total ∼2 km of exhumation in the central Colorado Plateau, demanding an unknown driver for significant erosion in the Pliocene.
GOES‐R PM2.5 Evaluation and Bias Correction: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Sayeed Alqamah , Gupta Pawan , Henderson Barron , Kondragunta Shobha , Zhang Hai , Liu Yang
Published: February 2025

Estimating surface‐level fine particulate matter from satellite remote sensing can expand the spatial coverage of ground‐based monitors. This approach is particularly effective in assessing rapidly changing air pollution events such as wildland fires that often start far away from centralized ground monitors. We developed Deep Neural Network (DNN) algorithm to improve hourly PM2.5 estimates informed by GOES‐R; meteorology forecasts, and PM2.5 observations from AirNow. The surface‐satellite‐model collocated data sets for the period of 2020–2021 were used to assess the biases in GOES‐GWR PM2.5 (only operationally available data set) against AirNow measurements at hourly and daily scales. Then a DNN based bias correction algorithm is used to improve the accuracies of GOES‐GWR PM2.5. The DNN uses GOES‐GWR PM2.5, GOES‐R aerosol parameters, and HRRR meteorological fields as input and AirNow PM2.5 is used as target variable. The application of DNN reduced the PM2.5 biases as compared to GOES‐GWR estimates. RMSE was also reduced to 6.55 μg/m3 from 8.72 μg/m3 in GOES‐GWR estimates. The DNN model was also evaluated on two sets of independent data sets for its robustness. In the first independent data set for the first half of 2020, ∼89% of stations show an increase in correlation (r) and, ∼76% and ∼62% of stations show a reduction in bias. The IOA and r for the independent data were 0.77 and 0.61 (GWR: 0.68 and 0.53) and RMSE was 4.48 μg/m3 (GWR = 6.13 μg/m3) for the same period. The algorithm will be operationally deployed by NOAA and US‐EPA to estimate surface level PM2.5 from satellite derived Aerosol optical depth.
Muted Amazon Rainfall Response to Deforestation in a Global Storm‐Resolving Model
Authors: Yoon Arim , Hohenegger Cathy
Published: February 2025

Ongoing Amazon deforestation has raised concerns about forest dieback via induced precipitation changes. Previous studies have found that complete deforestation reduces evapotranspiration, contributing to low precipitation rates that would limit the regrowth of the forest, but such studies have used climate models with convective parameterization and/or fixed large‐scale circulation. For the first time, we simulate a complete Amazon deforestation scenario without convective parameterization, allowing full interaction between convection and large‐scale circulation, for 3 years. Our results show no significant reduction in annual mean precipitation. Changes in the 700 hPa circulation and associated moisture convergence compensate for the reduction in evapotranspiration. These changes also lead to a north‐south dipole pattern in the precipitation response during the dry and wet seasons. The uncovered dynamics suggest that Amazon mean precipitation may be more resilient to land surface perturbations than previously thought.
Unveiling Energy Conversions of the Venus Atmosphere by the Bred Vectors
Authors: Liang Jianyu , Sugimoto Norihiko , Miyoshi Takemasa
Published: February 2025

The Lorenz energy cycle was often used to analyze energy conversions related to instabilities in planetary atmospheres using zonal means as basic states. Alternatively, the bred vector (BV) energy equations use the control run as basic states and detect longitudinal dependency of the energy conversions. Additionally, it quantifies contributions from baroclinic and barotropic instabilities separately. We apply this method to understand energy conversions of the Venus atmosphere. BVs are obtained from breeding cycles emphasizing perturbation growths in the cloud layer. The BV potential energy in the pressure coordinate is newly derived. Energy conversions at different latitudes in the cloud layer are examined. Results show that baroclinic conversions are stronger at higher latitudes and exceed barotropic conversions at mid‐ to high‐latitudes. Thermal tides increase energy conversions in the morning hemisphere at mid‐latitudes. This study offers new insights into energy conversions of the Venus atmosphere, with potential applications to other planetary atmospheres.
Knickpoint Dynamics During the Outward Growth of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Zhengchen , Wang Xianyan , Yuan Xiaoping , He Chuanqi , Su Qi , Lu Huayu
Published: February 2025

Mountain‐building events often initiate fluvial erosion waves that usually propagate upstream. Previous studies have delved into the erosion wave, manifested as knickpoint migration, presuming a spatially consistent uplift of plateaus. However, the expansion of plateaus can spatially result in spatially variable rock uplift rates across different regions, complicating our understanding of knickpoint dynamics. In this study, conducted at the edge of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we investigated the impact of plateau expansion on erosion wave processes within the upper Yellow River basin. Through river profile analyses and landscape evolution simulations, we reveal that the continuous outward expansion of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau into its periphery has induced localized uplift followed by erosion. Subsequently, an erosion wave migrated headward along the Yellow River during the Pleistocene. Observations from the Digital Elevation Model and modeling results show that this erosion wave spread within the tectonically active sub‐block at the margin of the plateau, but did not continue further upstream. In contrast, modeling results suggest that erosion waves would consistently migrate upstream under conditions of spatially uniform rock uplift. Our findings highlight that spatially variable rock uplift rates, driven by the expansion of the plateau, are crucial in determining whether fluvial erosion waves migrate or remain stationary. This refined understanding of knickpoint dynamics during plateau development offers insights into the persistence of relict high‐elevation and low‐relief landscapes.
Using Water Level Responses to Atmospheric Pressure Variations to Measure and Monitor Vertical Leakage Through Confining Units, With Application to the Jurassic Shaximiao Crust, China
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yang Qiu‐Ye , Manga Michael , Fu Li‐Yun , Zhang Huai , Chu Bingfei , Chen Gaoxiang , Huang Tianming , Han Tongcheng , Qi Shengwen
Published: February 2025

The upper few hundreds of meters of the crust often hosts leaky aquifers. Quantifying leakage is important if those aquifers are used as a water resource. The responses of water level to external forcing such as tides and barometric pressure changes offer the opportunity to measure aquifer hydrogeological properties and monitor possible changes in those properties. Around the Huayingshan faults adjacent to Sichuan and Chongqing provinces, China, inclined fold‐and‐thrust belts form the crust, and frequent earthquakes might impact aquifers in the shallow crust that are used for drinking water. We introduce a new computational approach for continuous modeling of water level changes in response to barometric pressure variations to identify when the signals are reliable and then determine values of aquifer transmissivity and aquitard hydraulic diffusivity. Computed aquifer transmissivity agrees with values from well tests. We obtain horizontal and vertical hydraulic parameters for more than 10 years (from 2008 to 2019). Of the six wells studied, five have aquitard vertical hydraulic diffusivities at least two orders of magnitude greater than aquifer horizontal transmissivity. Although several regional and teleseismic earthquakes caused changes in water levels in one of the wells with relatively low vertical permeability, we do not see clear changes in hydraulic properties in response to the earthquakes. We also identify small long‐term trends and seasonal variations in hydrogeological properties.
Dusty Belts Provide Clearer Insights into Exoplanet Formation
Authors: Benningfield Damond
Published: February 2025

Millimeter-wavelength observations of dust and pebbles in 74 star systems hint that planetary migrations might be more common than we realized.
Hot beverage intake and oesophageal cancer in the UK Biobank: prospective cohort study
Authors: Inoue-Choi Maki , Ramirez Yesenia , O’Connell Caitlin , Berrington de Gonzalez Amy , Dawsey Sanford M. , Abnet Christian C. , Freedman Neal D. , Loftfield Erikka
Published: February 2025

Background

Drinking maté, a type of tea consumed at a very hot temperature in South America has been considered as a risk factor for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

We assessed daily intake and preferred temperature of hot beverages (tea and coffee) in relation to incident ESCC (n = 242) and adenocarcinoma (EAC; n = 710) among 454,796 adults in the UK Biobank. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Relative to non-drinkers and warm temperature drinkers (referent group), drinking 4–6 cups/d (HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.14–3.38) or more of hot temperature beverages was associated with higher risk of ESCC; HRs increased with increasing daily intake of hot temperature beverages (P-trend < 0.01). ESCC risk was still higher for those who drank very hot beverages; drinking ≤ 4 cups/d was associated with a 2.5-fold higher risk (HR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.27–5.03), and risk increased with increasing daily intake of very hot temperature beverages (P-trend < 0.01). There was no clear association for EAC.

Conclusions

Our findings provide new evidence that drinking hot or very hot beverages is a risk factor for ESCC in the UK where drinking hot tea and coffee is common.
Non-classical neutrophil extracellular traps induced by PAR2-signaling proteases
Authors: Bryzek Danuta , Gasiorek Anna , Kowalczyk Dominik , Santocki Michal , Ciaston Izabela , Dobosz Ewelina , Kolaczkowska Elzbieta , Kjøge Katarzyna , Kantyka Tomasz , Lech Maciej , Potempa Barbara , Enghild Jan J. , Potempa Jan , Koziel Joanna
Published: February 2025

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are associated with diseases linked to aberrant coagulation. The blood clotting cascade involves a series of proteases, some of which induce NET formation via a yet unknown mechanism. We hypothesized that this formation involves signaling via a factor Xa (FXa) activation of the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). Our findings revealed that NETs can be triggered in vitro by enzymatically active proteases and PAR2 agonists. Intravital microscopy of the liver vasculature revealed that both FXa infusion and activation of endogenous FX promoted NET formation, effects that were prevented by the FXa inhibitor, apixaban. Unlike classical NETs, these protease-induced NETs lacked bactericidal activity and their proteomic signature indicates their role in inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune diseases and carcinogenesis. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism of NET formation under aseptic conditions, potentially contributing to a self-amplifying clotting and NET formation cycle. This mechanism may underlie the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation and other aseptic conditions.
Sephin1 suppresses ER stress-induced cell death by inhibiting the formation of PP2A holoenzyme
Authors: Gojo Satoshi , Kami Daisuke , Sano Arata , Teruyama Fumiya , Ogata Takehiro , Matoba Satoaki
Published: February 2025

Sephin1 was discovered as a protein phosphatase inhibitor, and its efficacy against neurodegenerative diseases has been confirmed. There are conflicting reports on whether inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation by PP1 holoenzyme with the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15 A is the mechanism of action of Sephin1. In the present study, we found that Sephin1 significantly suppressed renal tubular cell death in an animal model of ER stress administered with tunicamycin. CHOP, which plays a central role in the ER stress-induced cell death pathway, requires nuclear translocation to act as a transcription factor to increase the expression of cell death-related genes. Sephin1 markedly suppressed this nuclear translocation of CHOP. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the cell death suppressive effect of Sephin1, we used human renal tubular epithelial cells under ER stress with tunicamycin. Sephin1 reduced intracellular CHOP levels by promoting CHOP phosphorylation at Ser30, which led to protein degradation in UPS. Phosphorylated CHOP is generated by Thr172-phosphorylated activated AMPK, and Sephin1 increased phosphorylated AMPK. Phosphorylated AMPK is inactivated by PP2A through dephosphorylation of its Thr172, and Sephin1 inhibits the formation of the PP2A holoenzyme with the PP2A subunit B isoform delta. These results indicate that inhibition of PP2A holoenzyme formation is the molecular target of Sephin1 in this experimental system.
Deciphering neuronal variability across states reveals dynamic sensory encoding
Authors: Akella Shailaja , Ledochowitsch Peter , Siegle Joshua H. , Belski Hannah , Denman Daniel D. , Buice Michael A. , Durand Severine , Koch Christof , Olsen Shawn R. , Jia Xiaoxuan
Published: February 2025

Influenced by non-stationary factors such as brain states and behavior, neurons exhibit substantial response variability even to identical stimuli. However, it remains unclear how their relative impact on neuronal variability evolves over time. To address this question, we designed an encoding model conditioned on latent states to partition variability in the mouse visual cortex across internal brain dynamics, behavior, and external visual stimulus. Applying a hidden Markov model to local field potentials, we consistently identified three distinct oscillation states, each with a unique variability profile. Regression models within each state revealed a dynamic composition of factors influencing spiking variability, with the dominant factor switching within seconds. The state-conditioned regression model uncovered extensive diversity in source contributions across units, varying in accordance with anatomical hierarchy and internal state. This heterogeneity in encoding underscores the importance of partitioning variability over time, particularly when considering the influence of non-stationary factors on sensory processing.
Clonal driver neoantigen loss under EGFR TKI and immune selection pressures
Authors: Al Bakir Maise , Reading James L. , Gamble Samuel , Rosenthal Rachel , Uddin Imran , Rowan Andrew , Przewrocka Joanna , Rogers Amber , Wong Yien Ning Sophia , Bentzen Amalie K. , Veeriah Selvaraju , Ward Sophia , Garnett Aaron T. , Kalavakur Paula , Martínez-Ruiz Carlos , Puttick Clare , Huebner Ariana , Cook Daniel E. , Moore David A. , Abbosh Chris , Hiley Crispin T. , Naceur-Lombardelli Cristina , Watkins Thomas B. K. , Petkovic Marina , Schwarz Roland F. , Gálvez-Cancino Felipe , Litchfield Kevin , Meldgaard Peter , Sorensen Boe Sandahl , Madsen Line Bille , Jäger Dirk , Forster Martin D. , Arkenau Tobias , Domingo-Vila Clara , Tree Timothy I. M. , Kadivar Mohammad , Hadrup Sine Reker , Chain Benny , Quezada Sergio A. , McGranahan Nicholas , Swanton Charles
Published: February 2025

Neoantigen vaccines are under investigation for various cancers, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven lung cancers1,2. We tracked the phylogenetic history of an EGFR mutant lung cancer treated with erlotinib, osimertinib, radiotherapy and a personalized neopeptide vaccine (NPV) targeting ten somatic mutations, including EGFR exon 19 deletion (ex19del). The ex19del mutation was clonal, but is likely to have appeared after a whole-genome doubling (WGD) event. Following osimertinib and NPV treatment, loss of the ex19del mutation was identified in a progressing small-cell-transformed liver metastasis. Circulating tumour DNA analyses tracking 467 somatic variants revealed the presence of this EGFR wild-type clone before vaccination and its expansion during osimertinib/NPV therapy. Despite systemic T cell reactivity to the vaccine-targeted ex19del neoantigen, the NPV failed to halt disease progression. The liver metastasis lost vaccine-targeted neoantigens through chromosomal instability and exhibited a hostile microenvironment, characterized by limited immune infiltration, low CXCL9 and elevated M2 macrophage levels. Neoantigens arising post-WGD were more likely to be absent in the progressing liver metastasis than those occurring pre-WGD, suggesting that prioritizing pre-WGD neoantigens may improve vaccine design. Data from the TRACERx 421 cohort3 provide evidence that pre-WGD mutations better represent clonal variants, and owing to their presence at multiple copy numbers, are less likely to be lost in metastatic transition. These data highlight the power of phylogenetic disease tracking and functional T cell profiling to understand mechanisms of immune escape during combination therapies.
Integrating the environmental and genetic architectures of aging and mortality
Authors: Argentieri M. Austin , Amin Najaf , Nevado-Holgado Alejo J. , Sproviero William , Collister Jennifer A. , Keestra Sarai M. , Kuilman Midas M. , Ginos Bigina N. R. , Ghanbari Mohsen , Doherty Aiden , Hunter David J. , Alvergne Alexandra , van Duijn Cornelia M.
Published: February 2025

Both environmental exposures and genetics are known to play important roles in shaping human aging. Here we aimed to quantify the relative contributions of environment (referred to as the exposome) and genetics to aging and premature mortality. To systematically identify environmental exposures associated with aging in the UK Biobank, we first conducted an exposome-wide analysis of all-cause mortality (n = 492,567) and then assessed the associations of these exposures with a proteomic age clock (n = 45,441), identifying 25 independent exposures associated with mortality and proteomic aging. These exposures were also associated with incident age-related multimorbidity, aging biomarkers and major disease risk factors. Compared with information on age and sex, polygenic risk scores for 22 major diseases explained less than 2 percentage points of additional mortality variation, whereas the exposome explained an additional 17 percentage points. Polygenic risk explained a greater proportion of variation (10.3–26.2%) compared with the exposome for incidence of dementias and breast, prostate and colorectal cancers, whereas the exposome explained a greater proportion of variation (5.5–49.4%) compared with polygenic risk for incidence of diseases of the lung, heart and liver. Our findings provide a comprehensive map of the contributions of environment and genetics to mortality and incidence of common age-related diseases, suggesting that the exposome shapes distinct patterns of disease and mortality risk, irrespective of polygenic disease risk.
COVID-19 affected elite track-and-field athletes’ Olympic preparation before Tokyo 2020 compared to Rio 2016
Authors: Banning Alexander , van Meurs Edda , Dreiskämper Dennis
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on elite sport by postponing the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 four months before the original start. This impacted athletes’ macro-cycle periodization, psychological stressors and resources. We analyse whether track-and-field athletes were able to maintain their performance levels successfully across the last two Olympic cycles, controlling for age, gender and doping prevalence. For this, worldwide competition results (excluding multi-events & relays) of at least national level since London 2012 and up to Tokyo 2020 were retrieved. Individual performance curves were analysed using hierarchical multilevel modelling. Individual baselines (random intercept) and developments (random slope) were analysed. 2,383 athletes (52% male) recorded 15,766 outcomes since London 2012. The final conditional growth model (ICC = 48%) shows that performances increased in the wake of Olympic games, dropped significantly in 2020 and recovered beyond previous form in 2021. There was no significant difference between men’s and women’s developments. Age was a significant predictor (b = 0.17, SE = 0.02), but doping violations was not (b = 0.01, SE = 0.03). These results showcase performance trends in international athletics and their variability, present an overall successful periodization to achieve peak performance at Tokyo 2020, and discuss predictions for track and field at Paris 2024.
Hemodynamics are associated with subsequent lumen remodeling and clinical maturation of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula
Authors: He Yong , Wei Guo , Greene Tom , Imrey Peter B. , Northrup Hannah , Radeva Milena K. , Beck Gerald J. , Gassman Jennifer J. , Kraiss Larry W. , Robbin Michelle , Roy-Chaudhury Prabir , Cheung Alfred K. , Berceli Scott A. , Shiu Yan-Ting ,   the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation (HFM) Study Group, Huber T. , Berceli S. , Jansen M. , McCaslin G. , Trahan Y. , Cheung A. , Kraiss L. , Greene T. , Kinikini D. , Treiman G. , Ihnat D. , Sarfati M. , Lavasani I. , Maloney M. , Schlotfeldt L. , Beck G. , Gassman J. , Imrey P. , Li L. , Alster J. , Li M. , MacKrell J. , Radeva M. , Weiss B. , Wiggins K. , Feldman H. , Dember L. , Farber A. , Kaufman J. , Stern L. , LeSage P. , Kivork C. , Soares D. , Malikova M. , Vita J. , Hamburg N. , Duess M. , Levit A. , Allon M. , Young C. , Taylor M. , Woodard L. , Mangadi K. , Roy-Chaudhury P. , Munda R. , Lee T. , Alloway R. , El-Khatib M. , Canaan T. , Pflum A. , Thieken L. , Campos-Naciff B. , Vazquez M. , Vongpatanasin W. , Davidson I. , Hwang C. , Lightfoot T. , Livingston C. , Valencia A. , Dolmatch B. , Fenves A. , Hawkins N. , Himmelfarb J. , Alpers C. , Hudkins K. , Wietecha T. , Buchanan C. , Clark C. , Crawford C. , Hamlett J. , Kundzins J. , Manahan L. , Wise J. , Higgins H. , Ke S. , Mandaci O. , Snell C. , Gravley J. , Behnken S. , Mortensen R. , Kusek J. , Star R. , Chertow G. , Besarab A. , Brayman K. , Diener-West M. , Louis T. , Harrison D. , Inker L. , McClellan W. , Rubin J.
Published: February 2025

The pathogenesis of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation failure is unclear. We evaluated the associations of wall shear stress (WSS) with subsequent AVF remodeling and clinical maturation using regression models in this prospective cohort study. Participants underwent duplex ultrasound at postoperative Day 1, Week 2, and Week 6 to measure AVF blood flow rate and diameter of the draining vein and proximal artery. The median vein WSS of 602 participants decreased from Day 1 to Week 6 (from 33.4 to 21.6 dyne/cm2) but did not change noticeably for the artery (from 58.4 to 55.1 dyne/cm2). WSS was positively associated with subsequent lumen expansion, with doubling of Day-1 WSS presaging a 9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5%-14%; P < 0.001) greater Day 1-to-Week 6 increase in vein lumen cross-sectional area and a 5% (95% CI: 1%-10%; P = 0.020) greater increase in artery lumen area. The odds of unassisted clinical maturation increased by 45% (95% CI: 11%-89%; P = 0.006) with each doubling of Day-1 vein WSS, and by 82% (95% CI: 39%-250%; P < 0.001) with each doubling of Day-1 artery WSS. These findings show that WSS was positively associated with subsequent lumen expansion and AVF unassisted clinical maturation.
Insights into leprosy epidemiology from an isolated population located in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: de Oliveira Mackert Ciane Cristina , Lázaro Fernando Panissa , Olandowski Márcia , D’Espindula Helena Regina Salomé , dos Santos Andressa Mayra , Sartori Priscila Verchai Uaska , de Andrade Rodrigues Rafael Saraiva , Cambri Geison , Xavier Marília Brasil , Schurr Erwin , Alcaïs Alexandre , Mira Marcelo Távora
Published: February 2025

Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused mainly by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), is still an important public health problem in countries such as Brazil and India. Here, we estimate key epidemiological parameters in the Prata Village, a unique, hyper-endemic, former leprosy colony isolated in the Brazilian Amazon. This is a population-based study in which the entire Prata Village population has been enrolled. Clinical, socioeconomic, and demographic data were obtained and validated by cross-checking using three independent information sources. Validated data was used for descriptive epidemiological analysis. From a total of 2,005 inhabitants by the time of the enrollment, 1,084 (56.2%) were born in the Village and, therefore, likely under lifelong exposure to leprosy cases. We observed differences between the sub-populations born and not born in the village in the cumulative prevalence of leprosy (5.9% vs. 22.9%, respectively) and the median age at diagnosis (15 years vs. 28 years, respectively). In contrast, there was no difference in the distribution of cases between males and females. Although extrapolating our findings to more open populations must be done carefully, we believe we used a unique population as a model to provide additional insights into the epidemiology of leprosy.
Molecular mechanism of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Citrus aurantium essential oils against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Fanelli Elena , Vovlas Alessio , D’Addabbo Trifone , De Luca Francesca
Published: February 2025

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is the most harmful and destructive nematode species due to its widespread distribution and its ability to destroy a wide range of agriculturally and economically important crops. Plant-derived essential oils (EO) are one of the promising strategies for nematode management showing high nematicidal potential. Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms activated by EOs in M. incognita. In our study, we assessed the effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus aurantium and the chemical nematicide Oxamyl on the mortality of M. incognita juveniles (J2) at different doses and exposure. The toxicity of C. zeylanicum and C. aurantium EOs to M. incognita J2 was largely different, peaking 94.7 and 26.7% mortality rates after a 24-hour exposure to 100 µg mL− 1 EO concentrations, respectively. The different nematicidal activity of the two EOs was also confirmed by their LC50 values, ranging between 0.1 and 399 mg mL− 1 concentrations for the 24-hour treatment, respectively.

The sublethal dose (0.78 µg mL− 1), the concentration that does not cause mortality but still triggers physiological responses, was chosen for both EOs and Oxamyl to investigate the expression levels of Mi-ace-1, Mi-ace-2, and Mi-hsp90, involved in host finding processes, and Mi-far-1, involved in the cuticle protection, by using real time PCR. Our results reveal that C. zeylanicum is toxic at lower doses than C. aurantium. The different expression level of Mi-far-1 in J2s treated with C. zeylanicum suggests a different action mode compared to C. aurantium and Oxamyl. Understanding the action mode of these compounds at molecular level will help to develop more potent and effective nematicides safer for environment and humans.
Development and validation of a combined QuEChERS and HPLC-MS/MS method for trace analysis of ten diamide insecticides in agricultural products
Authors: Tian Fajun , Zhou Zhenzhen , Lu Junfeng , Qiao Chengkui , Wang Caixia , Pang Tao , Guo Linlin , Li Jun , Pang Rongli , Xie Hanzhong
Published: February 2025

Diamide insecticides are being widely registered worldwide, yet most of them lack established maximum residue limits (MRLs) in agricultural products.
Tb-TATAB crytalline organic framework material based on triazine tricarboxylic acid ligand: photophysical properties and fluorescence sensing application
Authors: Liu Yuan , Li Jinlong , Zhang Na , Zhao Yue , Guan Qing-Lin , Xing Yongheng , Bai Fengying
Published: February 2025

A Tb-MOF complex based on triazine tricarboxylic acid ligands (2, 4, 6-tri (4-carboxylaniline)-1, 3, 5-triazine (H3TATAB) was constructed by the reaction of rare earth metal Tb(Ⅲ) and H3TATAB. The complex...
New reactivity of late 3d transition metal complexes in catalytic reactions of alkynes
Authors: Teng Shenghan , Liang Peiyao , Zhou Jianrong Steve
Published: February 2025

This review summarizes seven types of new reactivities found in late 3d metal complexes and catalytic examples in recent years.
Strategies for improving the design of porous fiber felt electrodes for all-vanadium redox flow batteries from macro and micro perspectives
Authors: Hu Hengyuan , Han Meisheng , Liu Jie , Zheng Kunxiong , Zou Zhiyu , Mu Yongbiao , Yu Fenghua , Li Wenjia , Wei Lei , Zeng Lin , Zhao Tianshou
Published: February 2025

All-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have emerged as a research hotspot and future direction of massive energy storage systems due to their advantages of intrinsic safety, long-duration energy storage, long...
Achieving unprecedented power-output in 4-terminal mirror-symmetrical printable carbon CsPbBr3 solar cells through dual-solvent engineering
Authors: Shao Wu , Sheng Jie , Fu Yufei , He Jingwen , Deng Zhihao , Cen Ronghao , Wu Wenjun
Published: February 2025

Tyndall effect-guided dual-solvent engineering optimized printable carbon-based CsPbBr3 solar cells, achieving a record PCE of 10.18%. A 4-terminal concentrator enhanced output to 29.44 mW cm−2, with 93.2% PCE retention after 1000 hours at 150 °C.
Recovery of Co(ii), Ni(ii) and Zn(ii) using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) at circumneutral pH
Authors: O'Neill Katie E. B. , Biswakarma Jagannath , Crane Rich , Byrne James M.
Published: February 2025

Growing demand for metals, particularly those with irreplaceable utility within renewable energy technologies dictates an urgent demand for the development of new innovative approaches for their extraction from primary and secondary sources.
Oxazole and isoxazole-containing pharmaceuticals: targets, pharmacological activities, and their SAR studies
Authors: Li Shanshan , Mei Yiou , Jiang Luchen , Yang Xueyan , Zeng Wei , Du Yunfei
Published: February 2025

This review provides a comprehensive overview of all FDA-approved drugs containing oxazole and isoxazole nuclei, focusing on their pharmacological activities and structure–activity relationships.
A functionalized fabric as a self-decontaminating textile for trapping and degrading organophosphorus nerve agents
Authors: Cornelio B. , Letort N. , Chakroun K. , Ferreira I. , Hespel L. , Lebrun L. , Estour F.
Published: February 2025

A biomimetic material using biomass was developed for fighting against organophosphorus compounds with eco-friendly processes.
Copper-catalyzed enantioselective propargylic [3 + 2] cycloaddition: access to oxygen heterocycles featuring a CF3-substituted quaternary stereocenter
Authors: Rohilla Shweta , Khan Zahid Ahmad , Singh Vinod K.
Published: February 2025

An enantioselective Cu(i)-catalyzed propargylic [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of optically active oxygen heterocycles bearing CF3-substituted quaternary stereocenters has been realized.
Recent advances on anticancer activity of benzodiazine heterocycles through kinase inhibition
Authors: Nafie Mohamed S. , Fahmy Sherif Ashraf , Kahwash Shaima H. , Diab Mohamed K. , Dawood Kamal M. , Abbas Ashraf A.
Published: February 2025

This is an updated review for the anticancer activity of benzodiazine heterocyclic derivatives through kinase inhibition.
Boosting large scale capacitive harvesting of osmotic power by dynamical matching of ion exchange kinetics
Authors: Chapuis Nicolas , Bocquet Lyderic
Published: February 2025

Osmotic energy is an untapped source of renewable and non-intermittent energy. However the performances of existing recovery technologies – e.g. pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electro-dialysis (RED) – remain...
The effect of cholesterol on the bending modulus of DOPC bilayers: re-analysis of NSE data
Authors: Heinrich Frank , Nagle John F.
Published: February 2025

The effect of cholesterol on the bending modulus KC of DOPC lipid bilayers has been controversial.
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) synthesis in a deep eutectic solvent-based biphasic system: closing the loop of solvent reuse, product isolation and green metrics
Authors: Thanheuser Nico , Schlichter Leonie , Leitner Walter , Esteban Jesús , Vorholt Andreas J.
Published: February 2025

The scale up and recycling of all process streams in the H4SiW12O40 catalyzed dehydration of d-fructose (Fru) to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were investigated.
Separation of hydrogen isotopes using a protonic ceramic fuel cell
Authors: Chen Meilong , Zhao Kai , Li Jun , Lin Guixiang , Banham Dustin , Du Li , Chen Min
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen isotopes can be efficiently separated using a protonic ceramic fuel cell.
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles in tumor prevention and treatment: advancements in research and application
Authors: Liu Jiayu , Wang Ting , Zhou Yongsheng , Wang Xiaohua , Ma Bin , Su Chunxia , Duan Xiangguo
Published: February 2025

As one of the major challenges to global health, the innovation of prevention and treatment methods for tumors has consistently been a focal point in medical research.
Schwann cell-derived exosomes accelerate periodontal bone regeneration with osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis
Authors: Cui Ya , Li Xiaojing , He Xiaoya , Zhou Xingyu , Wang Xudong , Lin Kaili , Mao Lixia
Published: February 2025

Severe periodontitis frequently leads to irreversible degradation of alveolar bone. Periodontal regeneration techniques hold immense potential in reconstructing alveolar bone post periodontal diseases. Schwann cells (SCs) play a critical role...
Triazole-derivatized ligand-directed diverse structures and polyaniline-assisted capacitive performances of two new Anderson-type [AlMo6(OH)6O18]3−-based metal–organic complexes
Authors: Zu Zhi-fei , Liang Ju-ju , Chang Zhi-han , Lin Yu-chun , Wang Xiu-li
Published: February 2025

Two new polyoxometalate-based metal–organic complexes were obtained using different N-rich triazole-based ligands. The enhancement in intramolecular bond strength and electrochemical conditioning with polyaniline promote their capacitance.
Mononuclear complexes of dysprosium(III) with 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(isonicotinoylhydrazone): synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic properties†
Authors: Kopotkov Vyacheslav , Zorina Leokadiya , Simonov Sergey Vladimirovich , Korchagin Denis V. , Zhidkov Michael V. , Dmitriev Alexey I , Mahmoudi Ghodrat , Yagubskii Eduard
Published: February 2025

Four discrete mononuclear Dy(III) coordination compounds with the pentadentate N3O2 equatorial ligand 2,6-diacetylpyridine-bis(isonicotinoylhydrazone) (H2dapin) in different charge states, containing the strong-field ligands Ph3PO and Cy3PO at the apical positions have...
Microinjection assistant synthesis of Pt-Pd hollow nanoparticles for enhanced methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zeng Pan , Wang Xinyu , Wang Fuquan , Wu Huiting , Zhai Yujia , Men Dandan , Sun Yiqiang , Qu Wenshan , Li Haijian
Published: February 2025

A large-scale synthesis for electrocatalysts with controllable composition and surface atomic structure is crucial for practical application. Herein, Pt-Pd hollow nanoparticles (HNs) were prepared by a facile microinjection strategy. Due...
Seeing the invisible: XRF reveals lead distributions in coral organisms grown in the Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba)
Authors: Sauer Katrein , Needer Maayan , Zizak Ivo , Zaslansky Paul , Mass Tali
Published: February 2025

Lead (Pb) contamination in marine ecosystems poses a significant ecological threat. Not much is known about its effects on coral reefs, which serve as vital biodiversity hotspots and climate refuges....
Microfluidic cell unroofing for the in situ molecular analysis of organelles without membrane permeabilization
Authors: Umeda Yuki , Yamahira Shinya , Nakamura Koki , Takagi Tomoko , Suzuki Tomoko , Sato Kae , Hirabayashi Yusuke , Okamoto Akimitsu , Yamaguchi Satoshi
Published: February 2025

Over the photoactivatable cell anchoring surface, microfluidic laminar flow opened apical viewing windows on cells. In these unroofed cells, proteins on intact mitochondrial membranes were detected by immunostaining without permeabilization.
Flexible and rigid “chirally distorted” π-systems: binaphthyl conjugates as organic CPL-active chromophores
Authors: Preda Giovanni , Ciccarello Elisa Maria , Bianchi Alessio , Zinna Francesco , Botta Chiara , Di Bari Lorenzo , Pasini Dario
Published: February 2025

High-performance dyes are fused into the binaphthyl skeleton to yield “chirally distorted” π-conjugated systems with significant chiroptical properties.
A Protodefluorinated Selectfluor® Heteroaggregate Photoinduces Direct C(sp3)−H Fluorinations Without Photocatalyst
Authors: Yakubov Shahboz , Barham Joshua Philip
Published: February 2025

Herein, we uncover a hitherto hidden role of H-TEDA(BF4)2 – a cheap, stable, recoverable by-product of radical C(sp3)–H fluorinations using Selectfluor®. This forms a photoactive, mixed heteroaggregate with Selectfluor® which...
In situ generated cobalt(i) catalyst for the efficient synthesis of novel pyridines: revisiting the mechanism of [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions
Authors: García-Abellán Susana , Urriolabeitia Asier , Polo Victor , Iglesias Manuel
Published: February 2025

A mild, efficient method for synthesizing functionalized pyridines using an air-stable Co(iii)-precatalyst is disclosed. DFT studies reveal the basis for chemo- and regioselectivity, highlighting the role of triplet states and intersystem crossings.
The Peer Effect Is “Utterly Profound”: A Social-ABI-lity Pilot Study of a Multicomponent, Peer-Moderated Social Media Skills Intervention for People With Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Brunner Melissa , Rietdijk Rachael , Southwell Kylie , Baker James , Cooper Stephen , Avramovic Petra , Brassel Sophie , Power Emma , Rushworth Nick , Togher Leanne
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

People who have an acquired brain injury (ABI) experience challenges in using social media. However, rehabilitation clinicians report feeling inadequately prepared to support them in its use. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of a multicomponent, peer-moderated social media skills intervention for people with ABI.

Method:

This study utilized a mixed-methods, pre–post intervention design. Two people with ABI were invited to be research co-investigators and participated as peer moderators. A total of seven adults with an ABI were recruited to participate in the intervention and completed a short self-guided course about social media skills (social-ABI-lity course) and then took part in a private, peer-moderated Facebook group over an 8-week period (social-ABI-lity Facebook group). Data were analyzed with mixed methods, collected via observation of group activity, weekly surveys, social media use and quality of life questionnaires (pre-intervention, postintervention, and after 3 months), and postintervention interview.

Results:

Small improvements in social media skills were observed, although no significant changes were noted on quantitative measures for quality of life or confidence and enjoyment of Facebook use. Following a thematic analysis of interview data and incorporating reflections from peer moderators, we generated eight themes: loss, isolation, return, confidence, choice, identity, connection to community, and the “peer” effect. The intervention was identified as being feasible, acceptable, and engaging for all, with the role of the peer moderators perceived as being highly relevant and relatable by the participants. The peer moderators reported a positive influence on their confidence and sense of self-identity following the intervention.

Conclusions:

The intervention was feasible and acceptable, with peer moderators also benefitting from their involvement. Future research is warranted to determine the fidelity and efficacy of this intervention on a larger scale and to develop clinical resources to support goal setting and individualized approaches to support people with ABI to use social media safely and meaningfully.