bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rehabilitation of physical function after severely disabling stroke: a survey of UK therapist practice
Authors: McGlinchey Mark P , McKevitt Christopher , Faulkner-Gurstein Rachel , Sackley Catherine M
Published: August 2021

Background/aims

Individuals who are severely disabled from stroke (survivors of severely disabling stroke) experience poorer outcomes compared to those who are less disabled from stroke. However, there is a paucity of evidence describing current therapy practice in the management of severely disabling stroke. The aim of the study was to describe intervention and outcome measure use by physiotherapists and occupational therapists in the rehabilitation of physical function of survivors of severely disabling stroke.

Methods

A mixed-methods survey was conducted, involving an online questionnaire and follow-up interviews. Survey participants were UK-based physiotherapists and occupational therapists with experience treating stroke. Questionnaire data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Interview data were analysed using content analysis.

Results

A total of 452 therapists (59% physiotherapists) responded to the questionnaire. Out of the respondents, 18 self-selected therapists participated in follow-up interviews to explain questionnaire data. Whole body positioning, training of upper limb handling and positioning, and sitting balance practice were the most frequently used interventions. Inpatient-based therapists performed more active rehabilitation interventions, whereas community-based therapists performed more training and education. The Barthel Index, Modified Rankin Scale and National Institutes for Health Stroke Scale were the most frequently used outcome measures. Outcome measure use was generally low and was more likely to be completed when it was part of a national audit. Reasons for low outcome measure use were perceived lack of time and insensitivity to detect clinical change.

Conclusions

A variety of interventions and outcome measures are used in the rehabilitation of survivors of severely disabling stroke. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of frequently used interventions and identify outcome measures that are sensitive to the needs of survivors of severely disabling stroke.
Upper extremity dysfunctions in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: a systematic review
Authors: Surendran Praveen Jayaprabha , Jacob Prasobh , Selvamani Dineshkumar , Papasavvas Theodoros , Swaminathan Narasimman , Mathew Gigi , Praveen Reshma
Published: August 2021

Background/Aims

The prevalence of cardiac implantable electronic devices has risen considerably during recent years. This has revolutionised the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, which in turn reduced the incidence of sudden cardiac death. There are several complications associated with cardiac implantable electronic device implantation. Upper extremity dysfunction is one of the complications associated with this procedure and it should be addressed, since it can affect activities of daily living. This systematic review analysed the prevailing evidence pertaining to the common upper extremity dysfunctions associated with receiving a cardiac implantable electronic device.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE (through Cochrane) and Google Scholar for original research published in the English language. The Rayyan QCRI web application was used for study selection and the decision-making process. PRISMA guidelines were used to conduct and report this review. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for analytic cross-sectional studies and case reports.

Results

This systematic review included eight studies with a total of 696 participants. The most common upper extremity dysfunctions associated with receiving a cardiac implantable electronic device were pain and limitation of shoulder range of motion. Limitation of range of motion could be persisted even in the long term after having a cardiac implantable electronic device implanted.

Conclusions

Contributing factors of upper extremity dysfunctions included size of the device, pectoral site of implantation and upper extremity immobilisation practices. Upper extremity dysfunction is an overlooked complication, as it received a relatively low priority, although it may negatively impact quality of life.
Month: Unilateral Peripheral Lung Opacity » Medical Image of the Month: Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Patient with Lymphoma
Authors:   University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA, Dufwenberg Martin
Published: August 2021

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is the most feared complication of bleomycin therapy and occurs in up to ten percent of patients that receive the drug. The risk of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is related to the age of the patient, the dose of medication given, the patient’s kidney function, and whether the patient smokes cigarettes. Current screening guidelines for bleomycin-induced lung injury are limited, but most clinicians screen high risk and symptomatic patients with pulmonary function testing. This case report is of a patient with lymphoma who received bleomycin as a part of his chemotherapy regimen, and later developed pulmonary fibrosis complicated by bouts of eosinophilic multifocal pneumonia. The case highlights the importance of close monitoring of patients taking bleomycin for signs and symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis and the need for major medical societies to issue concrete screening guidelines.
Electromagnetic and imaging properties of chiral dispersive spherical interfaces under bimodal propagation using ABCD matrices
Authors: Bugoffa Salaheddeen G. , Chatterjee Monish R.
Published: August 2021

The properties of thick lenses are altered substantially in the presence of chirality and material dispersion. Recent work has involved examining of a chiral thick lens by re-deriving the related ABCD matrices based on standard paraxial and meridional conditions. A salient feature of a chiral thick lens is the inherent bimodal propagation via circular polarizations. Additionally, determination of image intensities requires the electromagnetic transmission properties expressed via the Fresnel coefficients. Three different scenarios are considered, viz., first-order frequency-dependent material dispersion of the dielectric permittivity, the lens material being chiral, and the case of an air gap (shaped like a thick lens) embedded in a chiral host. Under chirality, two sets of ABCD matrices are derived for right- and left-circularly polarized modes. The analyses and results are compared with the standard achiral problem. For imaging purposes, a simple 1D colored transparency is placed as an object before the thick lens in each scenario, with the transmission across the spherical boundaries examined via the ABCD parameters; also, the plane-wave amplitude transmitted across the system under different chirality bands and physical parameters is examined using the corresponding Fresnel coefficients. Under dispersion, image characteristics such as foci, location, magnification, and amplitude are controlled by narrow sidebands around a monochromatic carrier and the chirality. It is found that significant differences arise in the three imaging systems leading to the comparisons presented here.
High-sensitivity transverse-load and high-temperature sensor based on the cascaded Vernier effect
Authors: Han Yang , Liu Bo , Wu Yongfeng , Mao Yaya , Wu Jing , Zhao Lilong , Nan Tong , Wang Jin , Tang Rong , Zhang Yulan
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, transverse-load and high-temperature sensor based on the cascaded Vernier effect. Two Fabry–Perot interferometers fabricated by a piece of hollow-core fiber (HCF) and a piece of polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) are connected by a long part of single-mode fiber with a length of 1 m, and play the roles of transverse-load sensor and high-temperature sensor, respectively. The sensitivity of not only the transverse load but also that of temperature can be enhanced by the Vernier effect. The sensitivity of the transverse load is raised by 7.7 times to 5.84 nm/N, and the temperature sensitivities increased by 5.5 and 5.9 times to

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within the temperature range of 50–400°C to 400–900°C. Moreover, both the HCF cavity and PM-PCF cavity can be split and combined flexibly. Hence, such a sensor could have great potential in sensing applications.
On the diffraction of a high-NA aplanatic and stigmatic singlet
Authors: González-Acuña Rafael G. , Borne Jeck , Thibault Simon
Published: August 2021

We present a study of the diffraction pattern according to Richards–Wolf for an aplanatic and stigmatic singlet based on an exact analytical equation. We are able to put emphasis on the maximum diameter and illumination pattern, which are the two parameters that influence the diffraction pattern and how to compute it. Designs of low- and high-NA aplanatic and stigmatic lenses are implemented to display these effects.
Comparison of transcriptional responses between pathogenic and nonpathogenic hantavirus infections in Syrian hamsters using NanoString
Authors: Brocato Rebecca L. , Altamura Louis A. , Carey Brian D. , Perley Casey C. , Blancett Candace D. , Minogue Timothy D. , Hooper Jay W.
Published: August 2021

Background

Syrian hamsters infected with Andes virus (ANDV) develop a disease that recapitulates many of the salient features of human hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), including lethality. Infection of hamsters with Hantaan virus (HTNV) results in an asymptomatic, disseminated infection. In order to explore this dichotomy, we examined the transcriptome of ANDV- and HTNV-infected hamsters.

Results

Using NanoString technology, we examined kinetic transcriptional responses in whole blood collected from ANDV- and HTNV-infected hamsters. Of the 770 genes analyzed, key differences were noted in the kinetics of type I interferon sensing and signaling responses, complement activation, and apoptosis pathways between ANDV- and HTNV-infected hamsters.

Conclusions

Delayed activation of type I interferon responses in ANDV-infected hamsters represents a potential mechanism that ANDV uses to subvert host immune responses and enhance disease. This is the first genome-wide analysis of hantavirus-infected hamsters and provides insight into potential avenues for therapeutics to hantavirus disease.
Modelling the ability of mass drug administration to interrupt soil-transmitted helminth transmission: Community-based deworming in Kenya as a case study
Authors: Chong Nyuk Sian , Smith? Stacey R. , Werkman Marleen , Anderson Roy M.
Published: August 2021

The World Health Organization has recommended the application of mass drug administration (MDA) in treating high prevalence neglected tropical diseases such as soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma. MDA—which is safe, effective and inexpensive—has been widely applied to eliminate or interrupt the transmission of STHs in particular and has been offered to people in endemic regions without requiring individual diagnosis. We propose two mathematical models to investigate the impact of MDA on the mean number of worms in both treated and untreated human subpopulations. By varying the efficay of drugs, initial conditions of the models, coverage and frequency of MDA (both annual and biannual), we examine the dynamic behaviour of both models and the possibility of interruption of transmission. Both models predict that the interruption of transmission is possible if the drug efficacy is sufficiently high, but STH infection remains endemic if the drug efficacy is sufficiently low. In between these two critical values, the two models produce different predictions. By applying an additional round of biannual and annual MDA, we find that interruption of transmission is likely to happen in both cases with lower drug efficacy. In order to interrupt the transmission of STH or eliminate the infection efficiently and effectively, it is crucial to identify the appropriate efficacy of drug, coverage, frequency, timing and number of rounds of MDA.
Leishmaniasis: A new method for confirming cure and detecting asymptomatic infection in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment for autoimmune disease
Authors: Botana Laura , Ibarra-Meneses Ana Victoria , Sanchez Carmen , Matia Belen , San Martin Juan Victor , Moreno Javier , Carrillo Eugenia
Published: August 2021

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in patients receiving immunosuppressant drugs for autoimmune disease has been on the rise. It is important—but difficult—to know when cure has been achieved in these patients since the withdrawal of immunosuppressants during antileishmania treatment is commonly required, and there is a risk of relapse when immunosuppression is restored. The prevalence of asymptomatic infection among those immunosuppressed for autoimmune disease is also uncertain. The present work describes how cytokine release assays can be used to confirm the cure of VL, and to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic infection, in such patients. After collection of blood from volunteers (n = 108), SLA-stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures and of whole blood was found to induce the production of different combinations of cytokines that served to confirm recovery from VL, and asymptomatic Leishmania infection. Indeed, cure was confirmed in 14 patients, all of whom showed a specific Th1 immune response against Leishmania, and the prevalence of asymptomatic infection was determined as 21.27%. Cytokine profiles could be used to manage VL in patients with autoimmune disease, and to identify and better protect those with asymptomatic infection who are at risk of developing this disease.
Constant curvature modeling of abstract shape representation
Authors: Baker Nicholas , Kellman Philip J.
Published: August 2021

How abstract shape is perceived and represented poses crucial unsolved problems in human perception and cognition. Recent findings suggest that the visual system may encode contours as sets of connected constant curvature segments. Here we describe a model for how the visual system might recode a set of boundary points into a constant curvature representation. The model includes two free parameters that relate to the degree to which the visual system encodes shapes with high fidelity vs. the importance of simplicity in shape representations. We conducted two experiments to estimate these parameters empirically. Experiment 1 tested the limits of observers’ ability to discriminate a contour made up of two constant curvature segments from one made up of a single constant curvature segment. Experiment 2 tested observers’ ability to discriminate contours generated from cubic splines (which, mathematically, have no constant curvature segments) from constant curvature approximations of the contours, generated at various levels of precision. Results indicated a clear transition point at which discrimination becomes possible. The results were used to fix the two parameters in our model. In Experiment 3, we tested whether outputs from our parameterized model were predictive of perceptual performance in a shape recognition task. We generated shape pairs that had matched physical similarity but differed in representational similarity (i.e., the number of segments needed to describe the shapes) as assessed by our model. We found that pairs of shapes that were more representationally dissimilar were also easier to discriminate in a forced choice, same/different task. The results of these studies provide evidence for constant curvature shape representation in human visual perception and provide a testable model for how abstract shape descriptions might be encoded.
Do adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing
Authors: Rosenbaum Gail M. , Venkatraman Vinod , Steinberg Laurence , Chein Jason M.
Published: August 2021

Adolescents take more risks than adults in the real world, but laboratory experiments do not consistently demonstrate this pattern. In the current study, we examine the possibility that age differences in decision making vary as a function of the nature of the task (e.g., how information about risk is learned) and contextual features of choices (e.g., the relative favorability of choice outcomes), due to age differences in psychological constructs and physiological processes related to choice (e.g., weighting of rare probabilities, sensitivity to expected value, sampling, pupil dilation). Adolescents and adults made the same 24 choices between risky and safe options twice: once based on descriptions of each option, and once based on experience gained from sampling the options repeatedly. We systematically varied contextual features of options, facilitating a fine-grained analysis of age differences in response to these features. Eye-tracking and experience-sampling measures allowed tests of age differences in predecisional processes. Results in adolescent and adult participants were similar in several respects, including mean risk-taking rates and eye-gaze patterns. However, adolescents’ and adults’ choice behavior and process measures varied as a function of decision context. Surprisingly, age differences were most pronounced in description, with only marginal differences in experience. Results suggest that probability weighting, expected-value sensitivity, experience sampling and pupil dilation patterns may change with age. Overall, results are consistent with the notion that adolescents are more prone than adults to take risks when faced with unlikely but costly negative outcomes, and broadly point to complex interactions between multiple psychological constructs that develop across adolescence.
Variability of discharge medical therapy for secondary prevention among patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) in the United States
Authors: Smilowitz Nathaniel R. , Dubner Rachel , Hellkamp Anne S. , Widmer Robert J. , Reynolds Harmony R.
Published: August 2021

Background

Optimal medical therapy after myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA; <50% stenosis) is uncertain. We evaluated variability in discharge prescription of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors / angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) and beta-blockers (BB) to MINOCA patients between hospitals to assess physician equipoise about secondary prevention.

Methods

Patients with MINOCA between 2007–2014 were identified in the NCDR Chest Pain–MI Registry. Those with prior revascularization or missing demographic, angiographic, or medication data were excluded. Analysis was limited to high-volume hospitals with ≥20 MINOCA total discharges. Discharge prescriptions for ACEI/ARB and BB after MINOCA were analyzed for each hospital. Clinical data on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and diabetes mellitus status were extracted to identify other indications for ACEI/ARB or BB.

Results

Clinical data were available for 17,849 MINOCA patients, of whom 8,752 (49%) had LVEF <40%, GFR ≤60 mL/min, and/or diabetes. 5,913 patients without one of these indications for ACEI/ARB or BB were discharged from 156 high-volume hospitals. At discharge, ACEI/ARB was prescribed to between 16.0% and 88.8% of MINOCA patients (median 45.6%, IQR 38.0%-56.5%) and BB to between 28.0% and 97.5% (median 74.1%, IQR 64.7%-80.0%).

Conclusion

There is marked variability between hospitals in the proportions of patients receiving ACEI/ARB and BB after hospitalization for MINOCA, suggesting clinical equipoise about the routine use of these agents. Randomized clinical trials are necessary to establish the benefit of ACEI/ARB and BB to improve outcomes after MINOCA.
All day-long: Sticklebacks effectively forage on whitefish eggs during all light conditions
Authors: Baer Jan , Gugele Sarah Maria , Bretzel Joachim , DeWeber J. Tyrell , Brinker Alexander
Published: August 2021

The three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus invaded Lake Contance in the 1940s and expanded in large numbers from an exclusively shoreline habitat into the pelagic zone in 2012. Stickleback abundance is very high in the pelagic zone in winter near the spawning time of pelagic whitefish Coregonus wartmanni, and it is hypothesized that this is triggered by the opportunity to consume whitefish eggs. Field sampling has qualitatively confirmed predation of whitefish eggs by stickleback, but quantification has proven difficult due to stormy conditions that limit sampling. One fundamental unknown is if freshwater stickleback, known as visual feeders, can successfully find and eat whitefish eggs during twilight and night when whitefish spawn. It is also unknown how long eggs can be identified in stomachs following ingestion, which could limit efforts to quantify egg predation through stomach content analysis. To answer these questions, 144 individuals were given the opportunity to feed on whitefish roe under daylight, twilight, and darkness in controlled conditions. The results showed that stickleback can ingest as many as 100 whitefish eggs under any light conditions, and some individuals even consumed maximum numbers in complete darkness. Furthermore, eggs could be unambiguously identified in the stomach 24 hours after consumption. Whitefish eggs have 28% more energy content than the main diet of sticklebacks (zooplankton) based on bomb-calorimetric measurements, underlining the potential benefits of consuming eggs. Based on experimental results and estimates of stickleback abundance and total egg production, stickleback could potentially consume substantial proportions of the total eggs produced even if relatively few sticklebacks consume eggs. Given the evidence that stickleback can feed on eggs during nighttime spawning and may thereby hamper recruitment, future studies aimed at quantifying actual egg predation and resulting effects on the whitefish population are urgently needed.
Machine learning prediction of dropping out of outpatients with alcohol use disorders
Authors: Park So Jin , Lee Sun Jung , Kim HyungMin , Kim Jae Kwon , Chun Ji-Won , Lee Soo-Jung , Lee Hae Kook , Kim Dai Jin , Choi In Young
Published: August 2021

Background

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic disease with a higher recurrence rate than that of other mental illnesses. Moreover, it requires continuous outpatient treatment for the patient to maintain abstinence. However, with a low probability of these patients to continue outpatient treatment, predicting and managing patients who might discontinue treatment becomes necessary. Accordingly, we developed a machine learning (ML) algorithm to predict which the risk of patients dropping out of outpatient treatment schemes.

Methods

A total of 839 patients were selected out of 2,206 patients admitted for AUD in three hospitals under the Catholic Central Medical Center in Korea. We implemented six ML models—logistic regression, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, neural network, and AdaBoost—and compared the prediction performances thereof.

Results

Among the six models, AdaBoost was selected as the final model for recommended use owing to its area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.72. The four variables affecting the prediction based on feature importance were the length of hospitalization, age, residential area, and diabetes.

Conclusion

An ML algorithm was developed herein to predict the risk of patients with AUD in Korea discontinuing outpatient treatment. By testing and validating various machine learning models, we determined the best performing model, AdaBoost, as the final model for recommended use. Using this model, clinicians can manage patients with high risks of discontinuing treatment and establish patient-specific treatment strategies. Therefore, our model can potentially enable patients with AUD to successfully complete their treatments by identifying them before they can drop out.
Patterns of T and B cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis membrane-associated antigens and their relationship with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients with latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Kumar Shashi Kant , Arya Suvrat , Singh Ankita , Misra Ramnath , Aggarwal Amita , Sinha Sudhir
Published: August 2021

This study was aimed at exploring whether latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) contributes to the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in a TB endemic setting. We screened 198 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with tuberculin skin test (TST) and studied 61 (median DAS28-ESR = 6.3) who were positive. Whole blood T cell proliferative responses toMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) membrane (MtM) antigens, including the latency-induced protein alpha crystallin (Acr), were determined by flow cytometry using Ki67 expression as the marker for nuclear proliferation. Serum antibody levels were determined by ELISA. Follow-up investigations (at 3–6, 9–12 and 15–18 months after baseline) were performed in 41 patients who were classified empirically as ‘high’ (HR-T/HR-B) or ‘low’ (LR-T/LR-B) responders based on their dynamic T cell or antibody responses. Significant correlations were seen between baseline T cell responses to MtM and Acr, and between IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses to MtM. However, no correlation was seen between T and B cell responses. At all time points during the follow-up, T cell responses to both antigens (except for MtM at one point) were significantly higher in HR-T (n = 25) than LR-T (n = 16) patients. Levels of IgA and IgM (but not IgG) antibodies to MtM were also significantly higher in HR-B (n = 13) than LR-B (n = 28) at all time points. Importantly, HR-T patients exhibited significantly higher baseline and follow-up DAS28 scores than LR-T. Ten (of 61) patients had a history of TB and developed RA 6 years (median) after contracting TB. Three new TB cases (1 from TST-positive and 2 from TST-negative groups) emerged during the follow-up. Our results suggest that persistently elevated T cell responses to Mtb antigens may contribute to disease activity in RA.
Objects of curiosity: In conversation with Kate Marsh
Authors: Marsh Kate , Miller Lee
Published: August 2021

This conversation opens up questions of agency and visibility in performance practice.
Corporeal Politics: Dancing East Asia, Katherine Mezur and Emily Wilcox (eds) (2020)
Authors: Avaunt Casey
Published: August 2021

Review of: Corporeal Politics: Dancing East Asia, Katherine Mezur and Emily Wilcox (eds) (2020)

Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 355 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-47207-455-6, p/bk, $39.95
Political Correctness and the Law
Authors: Sgorbati Barbara
Published: August 2021

This paper aims at calling attention to some of the ways in which “political correctness” can impact the legal field, from relationships in the workplace to language guidelines, from teaching in law school to the evolution of legal definitions, suggesting further space for study and research.
Zonificación de la amenaza por dispersión y caída de ceniza del volcán Guagua Pichincha – Ecuador
Authors: Pavón Cevallos Fernando Mauricio , Contreras Mojica Diana
Published: August 2021

El volcán Guagua Pichincha es considerando el tercer volcán más peligroso en el Ecuador continental, y representa una amenaza potencial para la población expuesta. En esta investigación se modela, mediante un análisis estadístico de simulaciones numéricas, la dispersión y caída de ceniza al 75% de probabilidad de ocurrencia para zonificar la amenaza volcánica a través de escenarios eruptivos y datos censales con ayuda de herramientas computacionales. Así, se estimó la cantidad de población rural-urbana y categorías de uso de suelo que se verían afectadas. Estos escenarios de impacto tendrían diferentes efectos en función de los espesores máximos esperados, que van desde los 5 mm para el escenario con un índice de explosividad volcánica 2 (VEI, por sus siglas en inglés) y de 150 mm de acumulación de ceniza para el escenario con un VEI5; incrementando significativamente el número de poblados, zonas urbanas y categoría de uso de suelo afectados en cada escenario planteado. Los mapas obtenidos muestran, para el evento VEI2 (menor), siete parroquias con un impacto bajo, mientras que para el escenario VEI5 (extenso–muy extenso) se tendría un impacto alto en 33 parroquias, incluida la capital del Ecuador.
Transformación del Mercado de San Ángel, Ciudad de México
Authors: Salinas Arreortua Luis Alberto , Cordero Gómez del Campo Luz De Lourdes
Published: August 2021

En el marco del proyecto de investigación Contested Cities, una de las líneas de investigación que hemos trabajado refiere a las transformaciones de los mercados públicos. Uno de los temas se relaciona con el análisis de los mercados y cómo sus diversas transformaciones afectan al espacio urbano (Salinas y Cordero, 2018). Durante nuestra participación en el desarrollo de este proyecto, realizamos un estudio de los mercados de la Ciudad de México y Madrid, para lo cual recorrimos y trabajamos mercados en diversas zonas de ciudades como Buenos Aires, Santiago de Chile, Madrid, Leeds, Londres y, desde luego, en la Ciudad de México, para confirmar, entre otros temas, el papel principal de los mercados como oferta a los consumidores de alto capital económico y cultural, así como en la promoción tanto nacional como internacional de las ciudades (Salinas y Cordero, 2018).
Écritures anthropologiques - Bernard Charlier, Christine Grard, Frédéric Laugrand, Pierre-Joseph Laurent, Saskia Simon (dir.), 2020
Authors: Rivoal Isabelle
Published: July 2021

Recensé : Bernard Charlier, Christine Grard, Frédéric Laugrand, Pierre-Joseph Laurent, Saskia Simon (dir.), Écritures anthropologiques, Louvain-la-Neuve, Academia/L’Harmat- tan, 2020 (coll. « Investigations d’anthropologie prospective », n°20), 340 p.
Presión arterial elevada en niños y adolescentes residentes en áreas periurbanas de la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina
Authors: Cesani María Florencia , Quintero Fabián Anibal , Luis María Antonia , Torres María Fernanda , Garraza Mariela , Navazo Bárbara , Oyhenart Evelia Edith
Published: August 2021

Objective: The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of high blood pressure in schoolchildren aged 4-14 years from urban peripheral areas of the city of La Plata, and analyze variations in high blood pressure prevalence by sex, age, excess weight and family socioeconomic status. Materials and methods: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body weight and height were measured in 3,312 schoolchildren of both sexes. The prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP), overweight and obesity was calculated. Socioeconomic information was obtained through a semi-structured survey and processed by categorical principal-component analysis. The prevalence of HBP was compared with sex, age and nutritional status (chi square test) and family socioeconomic status (generalized linear model) (p< 0.05.). Results: The results showed that the prevalence of HBP, was 20.5% and that it varied by age, nutritional status and family socioeconomic status. Sexual differences were observed only in HBP obese schoolchildren. Conclusions: Children and adolescents living in urban peripheral areas of the city of La Plata, Argentina, presented higher HBP prevalence. While HBP prevalence was higher among overweight/obese children, those aged >8 years and those of more favorable family socioeconomic status, sex did not affect HBP development. However, when HBP was analyzed associated with nutritional status, obese boys were more likely to have HBP than girls.
Empatía y funcionamiento familiar en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Dávila Pontón Yolanda , Díaz-Narváez Víctor Patricio , Vélez Calvo Ximena , Celleri Gomezcoello Ambar , Aguilera Muñoz Juan , Calzadilla Núñez Aracelis , Reyes Reyes Alejandro , Torres Martínez Pilar
Published: August 2021

Objective: To explore the distribution of general and particular levels of empathy among the different family functioning styles of medical students of the University of Azuay in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. Materials and methods: Exploratory and cross-sectional study. Student empathy levels were measured through the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale, S-version in Spanish and family functioning through the Family Functioning Scale Faces-20 in a sample of 278 medical students. The comparison of data was carried out by means of analysis of bifactorial variance model III. The level of significance used was ?? 0.05 and 1- ? ? 0.20. Results: The analysis of the general empathy variance was significant (p <0.05) for the family functioning style factor. The results on the dimensions of empathy:” Take on perspective” and “Ability to understand the situation of the other” were significant (p = 0.035; p = 0.044) for the family functioning style factor. Regarding the “Care with compassion” dimension, no significant differences were observed (p> 0.05). On the other hand, it was found that extreme family functioning styles have empathy values ??greater than the intermediate style, with significant differences between them (p <0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the type of family functioning and empathy. Extreme family functioning style have higher empathy values ??than intermedium families. Regarding the gender factor, these differences were not presented
Sleep disturbances from the use of cannabis
Authors: Lubo Gelvez Ayleen Indira
Published: August 2021

Esta es una revisión de algunos ensayos clínicos realizados acerca de las repercusiones en la estructura, arquitectura y percepción del sueño en los consumidores de cannabis. Para la búsqueda bibliográfica, se utilizó consulta en bases de datos con especial énfasis en revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, estudios de cohortes, ensayos controlados aleatorios, y estudios de casos y controles. Las palabras claves incluyeron términos que describen el uso del cannabis combinados con otros que se refieren al sueño o anormalidades del sueño (por ejemplo: sueño, insomnio, polisomnografía, tiempo total de sueño, latencia del sueño, sueño de onda lenta, sueño de movimiento ocular rápido y su latencia). Se extrajeron datos relevantes en cada uno de los artículos consultados. Se resumió la literatura disponible sobre: mediciones subjetivas y objetivas, correlaciones clínicas y paraclínicas, diferencias entre el consumo agudo, crónico y la abstinencia, y otros puntos de discusión. Se realizaron varias correlaciones moleculares y anatómicas que explican los cambios en el sueño desde el punto de vista del sistema nervioso central. Finalmente, los resultados demuestran una disminución de la latencia del sueño con el uso agudo a dosis bajas, además menor tiempo de vigilia luego del inicio del sueño, aumento del sueño de ondas lentas y disminución del sueño de movimientos oculares rápidos, estos efectos no permanecen con el uso crónico ya que posteriormente se presenta una peor calidad del sueño; el escenario también varía con la abstinencia en donde puede presentarse insomnio, disminución del tiempo total del sueño de onda lenta y del sueño total.
Mental load and quality of life related to health in Oncology workers
Authors: Rivera-Rojas Flérida , Ceballos-Vásquez Paula , Vilchez-Barboza Vivian
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la Carga Mental de Trabajo (CMT) y la Calidad de Vida relacionada con Salud (CVRS), percibida por trabajadores que se desempeñan en Unidades Oncológicas y Cuidados paliativos de una región de Chile. Materiales y métodos: estudio no experimental, correlacional, transversal, de abordaje cuantitativo. Se censó a 110 trabajadores sanitarios (médicos, enfermeras, psicólogos/as entre otros), que corresponden al 91,6% del total de la población. En la recolección de datos se utilizó instrumento dividido en tres partes: a) Antecedentes biosociodemográficos (como edad, sexo); b) Escala de Carga Mental de Trabajo (ESCAM), adaptada y validad para población chilena; y c) Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida relacionada con Salud SF-36v2, validado y estandarizado para Chile. Para el análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial se utilizó el software SPSS versión 18.0. La investigación contó con la autorización de los Comités Ético-Científico de la Universidad Católica del Maule y del Servicio de Salud del Maule. Resultados: Las personas participantes perciben una carga mental global media alta. Por otra parte, perciben mejores resultados en el componente de salud física.
HUBUNGAN LINGKAR PINGGANG DENGAN GLUKOSA DARAH PUASA PADA WANITA MENOPAUSE DI SEMARANG
Authors: Keyasa Magnalia Morena Ruth , Widyastuti Nurmasari , Margawati Ani , Dieny Fillah Fithra
Published: July 2021

Latar Belakang: Wanita menopause biasanya bermasalah dengan peningkatan lingkar pinggang yang disebabkan oleh obesitas. Lingkar pinggang dan kadar glukosa darah puasa berhubungan secara signifikan pada wanita postmenopause.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkar pinggang dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa pada wanita menopause.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional pada subjek 55 wanita menopause yang diambil dengan metode simple random sampling. Data lingkar pinggang didapatkan melalui pengukuran antropometri, data asupan diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Analisis kadar glukosa darah puasa menggunakan Spektrofotometer Biolyzer 100. Analisis bivariate menggunakan uji rank spearman. Hasil: Sebagian besar subjek (81,8%) penelitian memiliki kadar glukosa darah puasa normal dengan rerata 108,8±4,2 mg/dl, sedangkan lingkar pinggang terdapat 60% termasuk kategori obesitas. Hasil penelitian ini tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara lingkar pinggang dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa pada wanita menopause (r=0,122, p=0,376).Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara lingkar pinggang dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa pada wanita menopause.
FORMULASI SNACK BAR BERBAHAN DASAR TEPUNG MOCAF DAN TEPUNG KACANG MERAH SEBAGAI MAKANAN SELINGAN BAGI ATLET
Authors: Pontang Galeh Septiar , Wening Dyah Kartika
Published: July 2021

Latar Belakang: Pemberian karbohidrat yang tepat dapat menunjang performa dan kapasitas latihan atlet. Penelitian menunjukkan asupan gizi atlet Indonesia sebagian besar masih di bawah kebutuhan. Snack bar dapat dijadikan makanan selingan padat gizi dan energi bagi atlet. Modifikasi snack bar dengan tepung mocaf dan tepung kacang merah dapat menghasilkan produk olahan tinggi energi dan karbohidrat.Tujuan: menganalisis tingkat kesukaan dan proksimat snack bar berbahan dasar tepung mocaf dan tepung kacang merah.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain ekperimental dalam bidang food production. Formulasi snack bar yaitu perbandingan tepung mocaf dan tepung kacang merah yaitu formula SB1(75%:25%), SB2 (50%:50%), dan SB3 (25%:75%). Uji tingkat kesukaan dilakukan kepada 33 orang panelis agak terlatih. Analisis data uji tingkat kesukaan menggunakan uji beda Kruskal Walliss dilanjutkan uji Mann Whitney menggunakan aplikasi di komputer dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% atau α=5%. Analisis proksimat yang dilakukan meliputi kadar karbohidrat, kadar protein, kadar lemak, dan kandungan serat.Hasil: Uji tingkat kesukaan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan aroma (p=0,025) dan tekstur (p=0,025) diantara ketiga formulasi, namun tidak ada perbedaan dari kompoenen rasa (p=0,854) dan warna (p=0,470). Formula terbaik adalah snack bar formula SB2 karena memiliki nilai rerata tertinggi pada tiga komponen uji tingkat kesukaan. Kandungan zat gizi snack bar formula SB2 per 100 gram yaitu 434,68+22,30 kkal, 79,1+9,46 g karbohidrat, 7,86+1,04 g protein dan 10,59+1,51 g lemak.Simpulan: Formulasi snack bar dengan perbandingan tepung mocaf 50% dan tepung kacang merah 50%  merupakan formulasi terbaik dan memenuhi kriteria sports foods sebagai makanan selingan bagi atlet.
The analysis of electrolyte chemistry pictorial material in lower secondary chool chemistry textbooks in Slovenia based on developed quality criteria
Authors: Zupanc Nina , Devetak Iztok
Published: August 2021

The textbook as a learning tool and learning resource contributes significantly to the effectiveness of the teaching or learning process itself, while at the same time promotes and facilitates independent learning. The main purpose of this research was to develop quality criteria after which textbooks for Chemistry in lower secondary school were evaluated. This paper presents the analysis of electrolyte chemistry pictorial material presented in chemistry textbooks. When it comes to validating textbooks in Slovenia, there are no unified criteria. The development of the criteria included an overview of the objectives set in the chemistry curriculum. Criteria were made for textbooks used in 8th and 9th grade of lower secondary school (students age 13–15 years). Chemistry textbooks were validated in the school year 2018/2019. When analysing criteria related to textbook representations, the sub-microscopic representations and hybrid representations are the least common features in the textbooks.
use of eye-tracking in science textbook analysis: a literature review
Authors: Tóthová Martina , Rusek Martin
Published: August 2021

Contemporarily available technology has provided researchers quite an accessible method to see through students’ eyes. This offers researchers the chance to re-evaluate teaching materials from their, so far hidden, potential function’s point-of view. In this study, a literature review of research on science textbooks using the eye-tracking method is presented. Relevant journal articles or conference papers indexed on the Web of Science and Scopus databases were selected. From the original 112 papers, 18 were submitted to a thorough analysis after duplicate papers and papers not conforming to the topic were excluded. The studies’ characteristics, topics (influence of textbook design on student learning, distribution of attention, textbook effect etc.) and used methods (the device and measurement, additional methods, methodological issues) are included in the review. (Novice) science education researchers, state officers responsible for textbook evaluation, textbook authors or even teachers can profit from this overview, which clearly shows the state of the art as well as potential research directions.
Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Young Male Slovak Athletes
Authors: Olekšák Filip , Dvoran Pavol , Jakušová Ľubica , Ďurdík Peter , Igaz Matúš , Bánovčin Peter
Published: July 2021

Background: The reference values of young athletes for cardiopulmonary exercise testing are lacking. Expert opinions encourage production of local values specific for certain population. Patients and methods: The study population consisted of 136 healthy male caucasian athletic children and adolescents coming from one specific football school in northern Slovakia. Exercise testing with continuous electrocardiography was performed, and ventilatory parameters, oxygen uptake (VO2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) production were measured continuously with a respiratory gas analysis system. Results: Peak VO2max/kg was changing very little across the childhood, whereas the peak work rate, heart rate and O2Pulse were. Linear regression analysis showed a significant effect of age on VE/VCO2. Conclusion: This work provides a reference values for the most important cardiopulmonary variables that can be obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in athletic children.
Revize rozborů výzkumu efektu učitelova humorného působení na výsledky učení žáků a studentů
Authors: Kubátová Michaela , Klusák Miroslav
Published: August 2021

Přehledová studie navazuje na tři relevantní přehledy výzkumů humoru v edukačním prostředí. Soustředí se pouze na výzkumy, v nichž byl zkoumán efekt humoru používaného učiteli na výsledky učení a „výsledky učení“ byly operacionalizované testy osvojených poznatků. Otázkou je, jaké okolnosti ovlivňují efekt humoru na učení. Z rozboru 20 výzkumných studií vyplynulo devět kategorií okolností, které problematizují vliv humoru: trvání výuky; vztažnost humoru k látce; dávkování humoru; techniky humoru; vnímání humornosti studentem; individuální charakteristiky studenta; charakter učiva; médium výuky; trénink učitele. Dle analyzovaných výzkumů pozitivní vliv na učení podporuje: dlouhodobější trvání výuky; vztažnost humoru k podstatným informacím; přiměřené a rovnoměrné dávkování humoru; vkládání humoru po vysvětlení nových poznatků a jejich opakování po ilustrování na humorném příkladu; aktivní práce s humorem ve výuce; trénink učitele; vnímání humornosti studenty. Po dalších výzkumech volá problematika individuální charakteristiky studenta, charakteru učiva, a především technik konstrukce humorné pointy.
Odkud se berou – dětská pojetí oběhu peněz
Authors: Dvořáková Michaela
Published: August 2021

Abstrakt: Studie uvádí do problematiky vývoje dětských pojetí ekonomických vztahů, konkrétně oběhu peněz v období primárního vzdělávání. Představuje teoretický rámec výzkumu dětských pojetí a předkládá dosavadní výzkumná zjištění.
Cílem bylo ve vztahu k teoretickému rámci získat a interpretovat vlastní výzkumná data k dětským pojetím oběhu peněz a porovnat výsledky s podobně zaměřenými zahraničními výzkumy z posledních 30 let.
Metoda – Data byla získána z polostrukturovaných rozhovorů zaměřených na dětská pojetí oběhu peněz. Transkripty rozhovorů byly kódovány a dětská pojetí následně kategorizována podle míry jejich komplexnosti a kompatibility dílčích myšlenek. Výsledky – V obou částech výzkumu dětská pojetí vykazují tendenci aplikovat na ekonomickou sféru vlastní sociální zkušenost. Oborově specifická pojetí odkazující k představě trhu práce nebo oběhu peněz ve společnosti byla vázána na zkušenost žáka s prací rodičů nebo na jiné konkrétní příklady více než na věk dotazovaných.
Závěry – Elicitovaná pojetí trhu práce a oběhu peněz mohou přispět oborové didaktice společenských věd jako východisko pro proces konceptuální změny. Výsledky nabízejí varianty neúplných, chybných konceptů nebo ukazují na jejich absenci a dávají podněty pro iniciaci konceptuální změny ve výuce.
K památce a pedagogickému odkazu Idy Jarníkové
Authors: Rýdl Karel
Published: August 2021

K málo známému výročí nabízí studie analýzu života a díla Idy Jarníkové (1979–1965), jedné z nejvýznamnějších představitelek předškolní výchovy 20. století. Na základě studia archivních dokumentů studie zdůrazňuje nejen životní osudy, poprvé v ucelené podobě, ale zvláště Jarníkové představy o pedagogizaci předškolní výchovy ve prospěch rozvoje osobnosti dětí, její snahu o porozumění pedagogice Marie Montessori a péči o další vzdělávání vychovatelek v mateřských školách. Studie je doplněna výběrovou bibliografií Idy Jarníkové.
Jiné obory jako živý zdroj inspirace pedagogiky
Authors: Horká Hana , Rodová Veronika
Published: August 2021

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