bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of risk prediction model of venous thromboembolism for patients with lung cancer
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Qiuyue , Zhou Yanjun , Dong Yiting , Li Jinping , Liang Tao
Published: January 2024

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) increases the risk of death or adverse outcomes in patients with lung cancer. Therefore, early identification and treatment of high‐risk groups of VTE have been the research focus. In this systematic review, the risk assessment tools of VTE in patients with lung cancer were systematically analyzed and evaluated to provide a reference for VTE management.

Methods

Relevant studies were retrieved from major English databases (The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Medline) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI] and WanFang Data) until July 2023 and extracted by two researchers. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (no. CRD42023409748).

Results

Finally, two prospective cohort studies and four retrospective cohort studies were included from 2019. There was a high risk of bias in all included studies according to the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment tool (PROBAST). In the included studies, Cox and logistic regression were used to construct models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the model ranged from 0.670 to 0.904, and the number of predictors ranged from 4 to 11. The D‐dimer index was included in five studies, but significant differences existed in optimal cutoff values from 0.0005 mg/L to 2.06 mg/L. Then, three studies validated the model externally, two studies only validated the model internally, and only one study validated the model using a combination of internal and external validation.

Conclusion

VTE risk prediction models for patients with lung cancer have received attention for no more than 5 years. The included model shows a good predictive effect and may help identify the risk population of VTE at an early stage. In the future, it is necessary to improve data modeling and statistical analysis methods, develop predictive models with good performance and low risk of bias, and focus on external validation and recalibration of models.
Proteomic profiling of tear fluid from offspring of Keratoconus patients: New insights into pathways and molecular drivers of disease development
Authors: López‐López Maite , Regueiro Uxía , Alvite‐Piñeiro Tania , Díez‐Feijoo Elío , Lema Isabel
Published: January 2024

Aims: To analyse the tear proteome of the offspring of Keratoconus (KC) patients in comparison with control subjects, trying to elucidate the molecular drivers underlying the risk of KC development in this population and providing a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the preclinical stages of the disease.

Methods: This study included 72 offspring of KC patients and 25 control subjects with no family history of corneal ectasia (age‐ and sex‐matched). In the study group, only cases without tomographic alterations of clinical KC were included in the proteomic analysis. Pentacam was used for tomographic study. Tear sample was collected using Schirmer strips and analysed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. SWATH‐MS was used as a quantification tool for the tear proteomic profile. Protein expression was compared between groups, and the molecular functions of the dysregulated ones and their functional relationships were studied by in silico analysis.

Results: 14 eyes (10%) of the study group showed clinical KC, therefore, they were excluded from the proteomic analysis. Among the total proteins quantified in the tear fluid of offspring and controls, 21 were statistically differentially expressed (p < 0.05) between groups. Increased expression of 6 proteins and decreased expression of 15 proteins were observed in the tear samples of the study group. ZAG, LF, S100A9 and Annexin5 were some of the most dysregulated proteins. Protein–protein interactions and gene ontology analysis revealed the involvement of these dysregulated proteins in structural, apoptosis, iron homeostasis, oxidative stress and inflammation processes.

Conclusions: In the tear fluid of KC patients' offspring without tomographic alterations differences in the expression of proteins previously associated with KC disease were observed, suggesting potential molecular drivers leading to KC development and strengthening the susceptibility of this population to disease onset.
Comparing and combining bovine cornea decellularization methods for ocular surface biomaterials and tissue engineering applications
Authors: Caliskan Mert Egemen , Arslan Ilayda , Yalcin Musacan , Ozer Taylan Can , Soykan Merve Nur , Tasa Burcugül Altuğ , Atalay Eray
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the decellularization efficiency of various individual protocols and their combinations for bovine cornea intended for ocular surface biomaterial applications.

Methods: Two fundamental decellularization protocols, namely sodium chloride (NaCl) and Ammonium & Triton X‐100 were taken as benchmark and their combinations with freeze–thaw and lyophilization, were assessed whether, the decellularization efficiency improved (n = 3). Overall, protocols that were investigated were as follows: (1) Lyophilization followed by NaCl, (2) Freeze–Thaw followed by NaCl, (3) Lyophilization, Ammonium and Triton X‐100 (1%), (4) Ammonium and Triton X‐100 (5%), (5) Freeze–thaw, Ammonium and Triton X‐100 (1%), (6) Lyophilization, Ammonium and Triton X‐100 (5%), (7) Freeze–thaw and (8) NaCl. These methods were assessed using gel electrophoresis for qualitative DNA analysis and NanoDrop for quantitative DNA content. Efficient decellularization was achieved in the presence of DNA content below 50 ng/mg ECM dry weight and <200 bp DNA fragment length.

Results: Gel electrophoresis revealed DNA content over 200 bp in groups 1, 2,7 and 8 while other groups fulfilled the criterion for efficient decellularization. DNA content as measured by NanoDrop indicated efficient decellularization in all groups, except group 7.

Conclusions: Our study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of combined and individual decellularization protocols for bovine cornea. Our findings suggest, that NaCl and its combinations with lyophilization and freeze–thaw yield in ineffective decellularization. On the other hand, Ammonium and Triton X‐100, individually or in combinations, result in favourable decellularization.
Sex‐related differences in the visual function of an animal model of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Oliveira Sara , Campos Elisa Julião , Fernandes Rosa , Bernardes Rui , Matafome Paulo , Ambrósio António Francisco
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: Recent basic and clinical research evidence suggests that male–female differences may influence retinal function and structure. It is also well‐established that diabetes affects retinal function. This work aimed to assess whether type 1 diabetes differentially affects neuroretinal function in male and female Wistar rats.

Methods: To induce type 1 diabetes, male and female Wistar rats were injected (i.p.) with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded before and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after diabetes induction (n = 12–13 animals/group). To assess the effect of chronic hyperglycemia on the content of molecular components of the blood‐retinal barrier (BRB), specific tight junction proteins were assessed by Western Blotting. Neuroinflammation was evaluated by measuring the retinal levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.

Results: Some sex‐related changes in retinal function were detected in the diabetic animals. Overall, in male diabetic rats, compared to control male rats, the differences found under scotopic conditions were mainly in the positive scotopic threshold response (pSTR), with decreased amplitudes (at weeks 2 and 4), and higher latencies (at weeks 1 and 4). In contrast, diabetic female rats, compared to control females, presented a higher increase in the latency value of the negative STR (nSTR; at weeks 1 and 4), a‐wave (at weeks 1, 2, and 4), and oscillatory potentials 2, 3, and 4 (at weeks 1, 2, and 4). Under photopic conditions, male diabetic rats showed higher implicit time values of the fundamental flicker wave (at week 4) and a decrease in the amplitude of the flicker 2nd harmonic (at week 4) compared to control males. Conversely, in diabetic female rats, there were no differences in these parameters compared to control female rats. Concerning the BRB and neuroinflammation, no changes were found in diabetic males and females compared to their respective controls.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that type 1 diabetes differentially affects the retinal function in male and female Wistar rats.

Support: FCT‐Portugal: PEst UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020; 2020.07432.BD.
Ocular pharmacokinetics of a new preservative‐free bimatoprost 0.01% ophthalmic gel
Authors: Rokicki Dariusz , Ghione Silvia , Allan Richard , Viaud Karen , Allan Fanny
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the aqueous humour (AH) and iris‐ciliary body (ICB) concentrations of bimatoprost and its main metabolite bimatoprost free acid after topical instillation in rabbits of a new preservative‐free bimatoprost 0.01% ophthalmic gel (PFB 0.01% gel) versus two commercially available preserved bimatoprost ophthalmic solutions ‐ PB 0.01% (200 ppm benzalkonium chloride [BAK], Lumigan® 0.01%) and PB 0.03% (50 ppm BAK, Lumigan® 0.03%).

Methods: Female Dutch Belted rabbits (n = 45) were divided into three treatment groups (30 eyes per group): PFB 0.01% gel, PB 0.01% and PB 0.03% solutions. Animals received a single topical instillation (25 μL) into both eyes. AH and ICB samples were collected at 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 8 h post instillation. These samples were analysed by rapid resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for bimatoprost and bimatoprost free acid concentrations.

Results: Following a single topical instillation, Tmax of bimatoprost and bimatoprost free acid in both ocular matrices was 1 h across the 3 treatments. Cmax of bimatoprost/bimatoprost free acid was 50.2 ng/mL, 26.3 ng/mL and 59.9 ng/mL of AH respectively following PFB 0.01%, PB 0.01% and PB 0.03% treatments. Maximal concentrations and area under the curve in AH and ICB of bimatoprost/bimatoprost free acid were greater (from 2‐ to 2.6‐fold) with PFB 0.01% gel compared to PB 0.01% and similar (from 0.9‐ to 0.95‐fold) to PB 0.03%.

Conclusions: Topical instillation of PFB 0.01% gel produced significantly higher bimatoprost/bimatoprost free acid concentrations in the AH and ICB of rabbits than PB 0.01% (despite a high BAK concentration) and was similar to PB 0.03%. The preservative‐free gel formulation improves corneal penetration and bioavailability of bimatoprost compared to a preserved solution at the same concentration.
Glaucoma in Sturge–Weber‐Krabbe syndrome about 10 cases
Authors: Benchekroun Reda , Ghizlane Daghouj , Mtalai Naoual , Rami Ali , El Maaloum Loubna , Allali Bouchra , El Kettani Asmaa
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the results of glaucoma treatment in a series of 10 children with Sturge–Weber syndrome.

Methods: The objective of this study is to evaluate the results of glaucoma treatment in a series of 10 children with Sturge–Weber syndrome collected between 2010 and 2023 at the paediatric ophthalmology department of the 20 August 1953 hospital of the University Hospital of Casablanca.

Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 11 months, with a Sex‐ratio of 1.5. Seven patients had a unilateral facial angioma occupying the V1 territory and three had a bilateral angioma, the cutaneous angioma was extended to the neck and thorax in one patient of these 10 cases. Two patients had a meningeal angioma revealed by hemicorporeal seizures contralateral to the cutaneous angioma. Buphthalmia was found in five cases, dilatation of the episcleral vessels in four patients, predominantly in the temporal area. No cases of choroidal angioma were noted. The average preoperative ocular tone was 18 mm Hg. The average c/d was 0.5. All 10 eyes had trabeculectomy under 5 Fluorouracil. 4 eyes were reoperated. We noted 1 case of vitreous exit intraoperatively. The final ocular tone was <20 mm Hg in eight eyes, four of which had adjuvant hypotonizing treatment with Beta‐blocker and Dorzolamide, after a mean follow‐up of 24 months.

Conclusions: The risk of Glaucoma being important, the Sturge–Weber‐Krabbe syndrome must be evoked in front of any facial hemangioma and its existence should not delay the therapy.
New insights into idebenone therapy in relation to NQO1
Authors: La Morgia Chiara , Aleo Serena Jasmine , Del Dotto Valentina , Romagnoli Martina , Fiorini Claudio , Capirossi Giada , Peron Camille , Maresca Alessandra , Caporali Leonardo , Capristo Mariantonietta , Tropeano Concetta Valentina , Zanna Claudia , Ross‐Cisneros Fred , Sadun Alfredo A. , Pignataro Maria Gemma , Giordano Carla , Fasano Chiara , Porcelli Anna Maria , Tioli Gaia , Musiani Francesco , Catania Alessia , Lamperti Costanza , Marzoli Stefania Bianchi , De Negri Annamaria , Cascavilla Maria Lucia , Battista Marco , Barboni Piero , Carbonelli Michele , Amore Giulia , Smirnov Dmitrii , Vasilescu Catalina , Farzeen Aiman , Blickhäuser Beryll , Prokisch Holger , Catarino Claudia , Klopstock Thomas , Tiranti Valeria , Carelli Valerio , Ghelli Anna Maria
Published: January 2024

Idebenone is the only approved treatment for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

It promotes recovery of visual function in up to 50% of patients, but, based on the current knowledge, we can neither predict nor understand the non‐responders. Idebenone is reduced by the cytosolic NAD(P)H oxidoreductase I (NQO1) and directly shuttles electrons to respiratory complex III, bypassing complex I affected in LHON.

We explored the possibility that genetic variant in the NQO1 enzyme can impact on idebenone response. We found that two polymorphic variants drastically reduce NQO1 protein levels, when homozygous or in compound heterozygote combination affecting idebenone reduction. In its oxidized form idebenone inhibits complex I, decreasing respiratory function in cells. We also retrospectively analysed a large cohort of LHON treated patients, classified by their response to therapy, demonstrating that patients homozygous or compound heterozygote for the NQO1 variants are characterized by the worst therapy response, particularly if carrying the m.3460G>A/MT‐ND1 LHON mutation.

In summary, these results support the concept that the response to idebenone therapy may be influenced by the NQO1 genotype and the different mitochondrial DNA mutations.
Archaeometric investigations of the Late Roman Period red slip ware from Caesarea Germanicia (Kahramanmaraş, Southeastern Anatolia)
Authors: Semiz Barış , Ok Mehmet , Dumankaya Oktay
Published: January 2024

In the present study, red slip wares excavated from the ancient city of Germanicia (modern Kahramanmaraş, Southeastern Anatolia) were subjected to an archaeometric analysis. A multi‐analytical approach was employed, including stereomicroscopy, optical microscopy, XRPD, SEM‐EDS, and XRF to explore the mineralogical and chemical compositions of the samples. Based on both archaeological and archaeometric criteria, the samples were classified into three main categories: African, Phocaean, and Sagalassos red slip wares. The African red slip wares were characterized by an abundance of coarse quartz inclusion, accompanied by lesser quantities of plagioclase and mica. The Phocaean red slip wares primarily consisted of quartz, feldspar, and mica. In contrast, the Sagalassos red slip wares featured a groundmass rich in quartz, mica/biotite, hematite, and opaque minerals. Thermoanalytical data indicated that all samples were fired at temperatures between 800 and 900°C. The results suggest that red slip wares found at Germanicia were not manufactured using local available clay sources but rather originated from different regions. This evidence further provides that Germanicia was actively involved in trade networks and interacted with various ancient urban centers, such as Africa, Phocaean, and Sagalassos, during the Late Roman Period, between the fourth and fifth centuries AD.
Ovarian dynamics in progesterone tablet‐induced superovulation in goats assessed by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hano Kazuki , Takashima Satoshi , Inatani Yuka , Kainuma Risa , Oiji Yuki , Nakamura Kotono , Yayota Masato , Takasu Masaki
Published: January 2024

Controlled internal drug‐releasing (CIDR) devices are commonly used for superovulation in goats. However, such devices are unavailable in some countries, including Japan. In this technical note, we aimed to explore the efficacy of an alternative superovulation protocol using progesterone tablets in goats. We employed intravaginal progesterone tablets (LUTINAS® Vaginal Tablet 100 mg) following a standard superovulation protocol. Additionally, we assessed the ovarian dynamics using 3T‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1 day preceding the progesterone treatment (Day “−1”) and 3 days before the end of treatment (Days 11–13). The ovarian monitoring was successfully performed in the short tau inversion recovery T2‐weighted images of MRI, and ovulation was confirmed by the disappearance of follicles on Day 13 post‐administration of the tablets. Immediately after ovulation, oviduct flushing yielded a substantial number of oocytes (13.5 ± 1.8 oocytes per animal). These findings provide evidence that the administration of progesterone tablets can serve as a viable alternative for inducing. Additionally, our findings suggest that 3T‐MRI is a promising alternative to conventional ultrasonography for monitoring ovarian dynamics following superovulation in experimental goats.
Exploring methods of improving patient understanding and communication in a complex anal fistula clinic: results from a randomized controlled feasibility study
Authors: Iqbal Nusrat , Fletcher Jordan , Bassett Paul , Hart Ailsa , Lung Phillip , Tozer Phil
Published: January 2024

Aim

Patient understanding of disease can guide decision‐making in the management of anal fistula. This prospective feasibility study aimed to assess the acceptability and methods of assessing the impact of viewing realistic models on patients with anal fistula.

Methods

New referrals to a tertiary clinic participated in this single‐centre, parallel‐group randomized controlled study. Baseline characteristics, Decisional Conflict Scale and understanding of disease were assessed pre‐consultation. Participants were randomized to a standard consultation, where disease and treatment options were explained using magnetic resonance images and drawn diagrams, or a similar consultation supplemented with an appropriate generic three‐dimensional (3D) printed model. Understanding of disease and proposed surgery, Decisional Conflict Scale and ratings of visual aids were assessed post‐consultation, along with 3D model feedback.

Results

All 52 patients who were approached agreed to be randomized (25 standard, 27 3D consultation). Understanding of disease increased post‐consultation in both groups. Post‐consultation decisional conflict (0, no; 100, high decisional conflict) was low (median 27 post‐standard vs. 24 post‐3D consultation). Patients scored highly on measures assessing understanding of proposed surgery. 3D models were rated highly, with 96% of patients wanting to see them again in future consultations.

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional printed fistula models are a welcome addition to outpatient consultations with results suggesting that understanding of surgery is improved. A future trial should be powered to detect whether 3D models result in a significant improvement in understanding beyond traditional methods of explanation and explore the conditions in which models have their maximal utility.

ClinicalTrials.gov Registration ID

This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04069728). Registered on 23 August 2019.
Comparing robotic with laparoscopic beyond total mesorectal excision for advanced rectal cancer—a propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Kazi Mufaddal , Rastogi Aman , Raj Prudvi , Sadasivudu Vasireddy , Desouza Ashwin , Saklani Avanish
Published: January 2024

Aim

Robotic surgery is increasingly being used for rectal resection, with short‐term benefits such as reduced hospital stay, faster bowel recovery and fewer complications. However, its utility for advanced rectal cancers requiring beyond total mesorectal excision has not been adequately evaluated. The aim of this study was to compare robotic and laparoscopic approaches for extended rectal resection, with postoperative and short‐term oncological outcomes as endpoints.

Method

A retrospective, single‐centre study of patients with advanced rectal cancer requiring extended rectal resection between January 2017 and December 2022 was carried out. Beyond total mesorectal excisions included pelvic exenteration, en bloc soft tissue or partial organ resection with the rectum, and lateral pelvic node dissection. Propensity score matching in a 4:1 ratio of laparoscopic to robotic was performed with age, sex, comorbidities, body mass index, organs involved, clinical T stage and colonoscopic obstruction.

Results

A total of 425 beyond total mesorectal excisions were performed by minimally invasive approaches during the study period, and after propensity matching 228 laparoscopic operations were compared with 57 robotic resections. All baseline characteristics were balanced. No difference in blood loss, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, positive resection margin or nodal yield was found, but there was a somewhat longer operating duration in robotics. The 2‐year disease‐free and overall survival were also similar.

Conclusions

No differences in postoperative or short‐term oncological outcomes were found between robotic and laparoscopic beyond total mesorectal excisions for advanced tumours when performed by teams experienced in both robotics and laparoscopy.
Prioritized strategies to improve diagnosis and early management of cerebral palsy for both Māori and non‐Māori families
Authors: Williams Sian A. , Nakarada‐Kordic Ivana , Mackey Anna H. , Reay Stephen , Stott N. Susan
Published: January 2024

Aim

To identify prioritized strategies to support improvements in early health service delivery around the diagnosis and management of cerebral palsy (CP) for both Māori and non‐Māori individuals.

Method

Using a participatory approach, health care professionals and the parents of children with CP attended co‐design workshops on the topic of early diagnosis and management of CP. Health design researchers facilitated two ‘discovery’ (sharing experiences and ideas) and two ‘prototyping’ (solution‐focused) workshops in Aotearoa, New Zealand. A Māori health service worker co‐facilitated workshops for Māori families.

Results

Between 7 and 13 participants (14 health care professionals, 12 parents of children with CP across all functional levels) attended each workshop. The discovery workshops revealed powerful stories about early experiences and needs within clinician–family communication and service provision. The prototyping workshops revealed priorities around communication, and when, what, and how information is provided to families; recommendations were co‐created around what should be prioritized within a resource to aid health care navigation.

Interpretation

There is a critical need for improved communication, support, and guidance, as well as education, for families navigating their child with CP through the health care system. Further input from families and health care professionals partnering together will continue to guide strategies to improve health care service delivery using experiences as a mechanism for change.
Phenotyping childhood cerebral palsy‐associated epilepsy and the new vision of cerebral palsy spectrum disorder
Authors: Ruggieri Martino
Published: January 2024

This commentary is on the original article by Feroze et al. on pages 793–803 of this issue.
It's all in the stars: The Chinese zodiac and the effects of parental investments on offspring's cognitive and noncognitive skill development
Authors: Tan Chih Ming , Wang Xiao , Zhang Xiaobo
Published: January 2024

Parental investments in children's cognitive and noncognitive outcomes are deeply important to policymakers. However, because parental investments are arguably endogenous, estimating their importance empirically poses a challenge. To address this challenge, this paper exploits a rich and novel dataset, the China Family Panel Studies, and proposes a culture‐specific instrumental variable based on the Chinese zodiac. By comparing the outcomes of children born just before and just after the cutoff for a “lucky” (or ‘unlucky’) zodiac sign, we find that parents' investments have significant effects on offspring's development of both cognitive and noncognitive skills.
Stress analysis of horizontal mid‐root fracture managed with different intraradicular fixation protocols: A 3D‐finite element study
Authors: Jasrasaria Neha , Johri Saumya , Bharti Ramesh , Tikku Aseem Prakash
Published: January 2024

The current study evaluated the stress distribution in a maxillary central incisor with mid‐root fracture after splinting with different intra‐radicular posts using 3D‐finite element analysis (FEA). Five 3D‐FEA models were constructed. Model 1 was an intact tooth with no fracture, Model 2: A tooth with a horizontal mid‐root fracture, with no treatment. Model 3: Same as model 2, and intraradicular splinting using fiber post. Model 4: Same as model 2 and intra‐radicular splinting using Protaper Gold file F3. Model 5: Same as model 2, and with intraradicular splinting with Ribbond. The FEA of all models was done to obtain the maximum Von‐Mises stress in the root canal space, the dentin, the periodontal ligament, and the bone. The highest Von Mises stresses for the root canal space and the dentin were found in Model 3, followed by models 4, 5, and 2, and least in Model 1. The Von Mises stress of the periodontal ligament was the least in model 1. The Von Mises stress of bone was higher in all experimental models than in the baseline model. The results suggest that in cases where intra‐radicular splinting is indicated, fiber posts and Ribbond are better alternatives to endodontic files due to the lower stresses exerted.
Enzymes for dermatological use
Authors: Nascimento Natália Santos , Torres‐Obreque Karin Mariana , Oliveira Camila Areias , Rabelo Jheniffer , Baby André Rolim , Long Paul F. , Young Antony R. , Rangel‐Yagui Carlota de Oliveira
Published: January 2024

Skin is the ultimate barrier between body and environment and prevents water loss and penetration of pathogens and toxins. Internal and external stressors, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), can damage skin integrity and lead to disorders. Therefore, skin health and skin ageing are important concerns and increased research from cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors aims to improve skin conditions and provide new anti‐ageing treatments. Biomolecules, compared to low molecular weight drugs and cosmetic ingredients, can offer high levels of specificity. Topically applied enzymes have been investigated to treat the adverse effects of sunlight, pollution and other external agents. Enzymes, with a diverse range of targets, present potential for dermatological use such as antioxidant enzymes, proteases and repairing enzymes. In this review, we discuss enzymes for dermatological applications and the challenges associated in this growing field.
Discovery of natural bispecific antibodies: Is psoriasis induced by a toxigenic Corynebacterium simulans and maintained by CIDAMPs as autoantigens?
Authors: Schröder Jens‐Michael
Published: January 2024

The high abundance of Corynebacterium simulans in psoriasis skin suggests a contribution to the psoriasis aetiology. This hypothesis was tested in an exploratory study, where western blot (WB) analyses with extracts of heat‐treated C. simulans and psoriasis serum‐derived IgG exhibited a single 16 kDa‐WB‐band. Proteomic analyses revealed ribosomal proteins as candidate C. s.‐antigens. A peptidomic analysis unexpectedly showed that psoriasis serum‐derived IgG already contained 31 immunopeptides of Corynebacteria ssp., suggesting the presence of natural bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Moreover, peptidomic analyses gave 372 DECOY‐peptides with similarity to virus‐ and phage proteins, including Corynebacterium diphtheriae phage, and similarity to diphtheria toxin. Strikingly, a peptidomic analysis for human peptides revealed 64 epitopes of major psoriasis autoantigens such as the spacer region of filaggrin, hornerin repeats and others. Most identified immunopeptides represent potential cationic intrinsically disordered antimicrobial peptides (CIDAMPs), which are generated within the epidermis. These may form complexes with bacterial disordered protein regions, representing chimeric antigens containing discontinuous epitopes. In addition, among 128 low‐abundance immunopeptides, 48 are putatively psoriasis‐relevant such as epitope peptides of PGE2‐, vitamin D3‐ and IL‐10‐receptors. Further, 47 immunopeptides originated from tumour antigens, and the endogenous retrovirus HERV‐K. I propose that persistent infection with a toxigenic C. simulans initiates psoriasis, which is exacerbated as an autoimmune disease by CIDAMPs as autoantigens. The discovery of natural BsAbs allows the identification of antigen epitopes from microbes, viruses, autoantigens and tumour‐antigens, and may help to develop epitope‐specific peptide‐vaccines and therapeutic approaches with antigen‐specific regulatory T cells to improve immune tolerance in an autoimmune disease‐specific‐manner.
Insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 3 enhanced melanoma migration through regulation of AKT1 and RELA expression
Authors: Sheen Yi‐Shuan , Syu Yan‐Jie , Chang Yu‐Chuan , Hsieh Ping‐Han , Liao Yi‐Hua , Lin Ming‐Hsien , Chen Chien‐Yu , Chu Chia‐Yu , Chu Chia‐Ying
Published: January 2024

IMP‐3 expression is a poor prognostic factor of melanomas and it promotes melanoma cell migration and invasion by a pathway modulating HMGA2 mRNA expression. We tried to identify other putative targets of IMP‐3. We identified putative IMP‐3‐binding RNAs, including AKT1, MAPK3, RB1 and RELA, by RNA immunoprecipitation coupled with next‐generation sequencing. IMP‐3 overexpression increased AKT and RELA levels in MeWo cells. siRNAs against AKT1 and RELA inhibited MeWo/Full‐length IMP‐3 cell migration. IMP‐3 knockdown of A2058 cells decreased AKT1 and RELA expression and lowered migration ability. Co‐transfection of A2058 cells with AKT1‐ or RELA‐expressing plasmids with IMP‐3 siRNA restored the inhibitory effects of IMP‐3 knockdown on migration. HMGA2 did not influence AKT1 and RELA expression in melanoma cells. Human melanoma samples with high IMP‐3 levels also showed high HMGA2, AKT1 and RELA expression. Our results show that IMP‐3 enhances melanoma cell migration through the regulation of the AKT1 and RELA axis.
Paediatric pustulotic arthro‐osteitis patient with an IL36RN variant, heterozygous c.115+6T>C, who was successfully treated with tonsillectomy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Takami Kenji , Tsuji Shigeyoshi , Jokoji Ryu , Okubo Yukari , Higashiyama Mari
Published: January 2024

Pustulotic arthro‐osteitis (PAO) is an infrequent condition, with its manifestation in children being even rare. Some reports propose an association between genetic variants and the onset of PAO. Currently, no definitive treatment protocol exists for paediatric patients with PAO. In this study, we present the paediatric case of PAO with an IL36RN variant who was successfully treated with tonsillectomy.
Talk to us about your skin: The relationship between spoken language and haptic exploratory procedures
Authors: Arakawa Naomi , Watanabe Tomoko , Fukushima Kyoko , Matsumoto Yuko , Nakatani Masashi
Published: January 2024

Objective

To enhance satisfaction, the cosmetics industry needs to clearly understand consumers' descriptions of their key tactile preferences. It is difficult for researchers to understand verbal descriptions from people whose native language is different from their own. Previous research has implied that some sensory words with the same lexical meanings have been observed in different haptic exploratory procedures (HEPs). Therefore, our study aims to investigate and understand the key tactile perceptions of people from five different countries based on their descriptions and their HEPs.

Methods

In Experiment 1, 1545 participants living in the US, Japan, China, Italy, and Thailand described their major tactile perceptions as efficacy in skincare, and we analysed the frequency of each word used in their answers. In Experiment 2, we confirmed the task to observe HEPs for Chinese, Italian, and Thai participants. A total of 24 participants in China, 33 participants in Italy, and 30 participants in Thailand freely explored their faces with their hands and answered which side more closely matched the major tactile adjectives. Experts classified the observed HEPs into six classifications within two categories and three contact area sizes and investigated the cultural differences.

Results

More than 2% of the Chinese, Italian, Thai, US, and Japanese participants described 33, 20, 29, 22, and 18 words, respectively, as efficacy in skincare. Verified words that described the major tactile perceptions in each native language had the same meanings as moistness, firmness, softness, smoothness, and so on. We could confirm the HEPs of these major feelings for the participants from each culture. Chinese and Thai participants' HEPs for moistness or softness were observed with a pressing movement. Conversely, Italian participants' HEPs for moistness or softness were observed with a rubbing movement.

Conclusion

This study showed that words with the same lexical meanings evoked different HEPs. The results imply that different HEPs can provide different physical stimuli on the skin. Therefore, it is important to survey both objects and HEPs to better understand the tactile experience.
Vitrification of lead–bismuth alloy nuclear waste into a glass waste form
Authors: Zhou Xiong , Niu Chenchen , Li Kunfeng , Lin Peng , Xu Kai
Published: January 2024

Lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE), a promising coolant in advanced nuclear systems, can be activated by neutrons during nuclear reactor operations. The decommissioning of nuclear facilities would generate lead–bismuth (Pb–Bi) alloy‐contaminated nuclear waste. The current metallic nuclear waste treatment approach involves remelting followed by cementitious solidification. This increases the waste volume and the risk of radionuclide migration in groundwater. Therefore, this study developed a method for vitrification of Pb–Bi alloy waste. Different amounts of SiO2 were added at 750–1100°C in the air to turn the simulated LBE waste into glass waste form. The values of the normalized elemental leaching rates (Pb, Bi, Si, Te, and Ni) determined using the 28‐day static leaching test were less than .2 g m−2 d−1 and varied with SiO2 addition. Furthermore, a three‐stage evolution of the glass structure with SiO2 addition was proposed according to the structural analysis performed using Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The evolution stages were as follows: (i) the stage of heavy metal transition from covalent to ionic heavy metals (7.5 wt% < SiO2 < 15 wt%), (ii) the stage of increase in bridging oxygen (15 wt% < SiO2 < 20 wt%), and (iii) the stage of domination of the Si–O network (20 wt% < SiO2 < 25 wt%). The evolution of the glass structure resulted in varying glass chemical durability. Finally, the glass‐forming region of (20–48)PbO–(35–70)Bi2O3–(7.5–25)SiO2 (wt%) and the temperature needed to melt those glasses were determined through the melting test, where radionuclides and toxic heavy metals showed undetectable volatilization during vitrification. Hence, turning LBE waste into glass waste form will be a potential approach for treating Pb–Bi alloy nuclear waste.
Impacts of combining Limosilactobacillus reuteri KUB‐AC5 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum KUB‐D18 on overweight gut microbiota using a simulated human colon model
Authors: Pusuntisumpun Nut , Tunsagool Paiboon , Nitisinprasert Sunee , Nakphaichit Massalin
Published: January 2024

High‐fat diets lead to fat accumulation and contribute to the incidence of obesity, which has now become a global public health problem. High‐fat diets directly impact the microbial composition of the gastrointestinal tract, causing an imbalance in the gut microbiota. This study investigated the effect of probiotics Limosilactobacillus reuteri KUB‐AC5 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum KUB‐D18 in reducing the negative effects associated with the consumption of a high‐fat diet. Results of metagenomics analysis demonstrated that the probiotics regulated the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, a recognised biomarker of gut dysbiosis. The other observation was the induction of beneficial microbes in the family Bifidobacteriaceae. Supplementation with probiotics in a high‐fat diet significantly reduced phenol, the toxic compound produced by gut microbes (P = 0.032), and promoted the production of beneficial metabolites, including trans‐cinnamic acid and L‐(−)‐3‐phenyllactic acid (P = 0.002 and 0.007, respectively). Results suggested the potential benefits of L. reuteri KUB‐AC5 and L. fermentum KUB‐D18 to alleviate the negative health risks of obesity associated with the consumption of a high‐fat diet. These probiotics offer potential benefits as future health management alternatives.
Respiratory syncytial virus among hospitalized patients of severe acute respiratory infection in Bhutan: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dorji Kunzang , Yuden Pema , Ghishing Tara Devi , Ghimeray Govinda , Klungthong Chonticha , Wangchuk Sonam , Farmer Aaron
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, particularly in young children. In Bhutan, respiratory disease continues to be among the top 10 diseases of morbidity for several years. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of RSV among hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Bhutan.

Method

Respiratory specimens were collected from SARI patients of all ages in 2016 and 2018 following influenza surveillance guidelines. Specimens were tested for influenza and RSV, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 using real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the result in STATA 16.1.

Result

Of the 1339 SARI specimens tested, 34.8% were positive for at least one viral pathogen. RSV was detected in 18.5% of SARI cases, followed by influenza in 13.4% and other respiratory viruses in 3%. The median age of SARI cases was 3 (IQR: 0.8–21 years) years. RSV detection was higher among children aged 0–6 (Adj OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.7–5.39) and 7–23 months (Adj OR: 3.01; 95% CI: 1.77–5.12) compared with the children aged 5–15 years. RSV was also associated with breathing difficulty (Adj OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.17–2.56) and pre‐existing lung disease, including asthma (Adj OR: 2.78; 95% CI: 0.99–7.8).

Conclusion

Respiratory viruses were detected in a substantial proportion of SARI hospitalizations in Bhutan.
Evaluating the efficacy of combined flap coverage, antibiotic‐loaded bone cement and negative pressure irrigation in traumatic osteomyelitis management
Authors: Cong Bo , Chen Mingqi
Published: January 2024

Traumatic osteomyelitis with accompanying soft tissue defects presents a significant therapeutic challenge. This prospective, randomised controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic‐impregnated bone cement, flap coverage and negative pressure sealed irrigation in the management of traumatic osteomyelitis complicated by soft tissue defects. A total of 46 patients with clinically diagnosed traumatic osteomyelitis and soft tissue defects were randomised into a control group (n = 23) and an observation group (n = 23). The control group underwent standard flap coverage and negative‐pressure lavage, while the observation group received an additional treatment with antibiotic‐loaded bone cement. Efficacy was measured based on clinical criteria, surgical metrics and morphometric assessment of bone and soft tissue defects. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0. The observation group, treated with an integrated approach of flap coverage, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and antibiotic‐impregnated bone cement, demonstrated significantly higher overall treatment efficacy (91.3%) compared to the control group, which received only flap coverage and NPWT (65.2%) (p < 0.01). This enhanced efficacy was evidenced through various outcomes: the observation group experienced reduced surgical times, shorter hospital stays, fewer dressing changes and accelerated wound healing, all statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, a quantitative analysis at 6‐month post‐treatment revealed that the observation group showed more substantial reductions in both bone and soft tissue defect sizes compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The multi‐modal treatment strategy, combining skin flap coverage, antibiotic bone cement and negative‐pressure irrigation, showed marked efficacy in treating traumatic osteomyelitis and associated soft tissue defects. This approach accelerated postoperative recovery and lowered costs.
Low‐temperature bonding of glasses: The role of plasma‐engrafted surface amino groups
Authors: Nagai Sho , Nakao Keisuke , Hayashi Yasuo , Urashima Shu‐hei , Yui Hiroharu
Published: January 2024

Low‐temperature (<∼200°C) bonding of glasses is a key technology for utilizing them for microfluidics, optical applications, and microelectromechanical systems. In the present study, bonding strength of SiO2 glasses was examined for those after several surface treatment methods. As a result, it was found that two‐step (H2O→ NH3) plasma treatment remarkably strengthened the bonding strength (>1 J/m2) at the annealing temperature of 150°C. The improvement was achieved even when only one side of the bonded surfaces was plasma‐treated. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the two‐step plasma treatment generated Si–NH2 groups on the topmost surface. Upon the annealing (<200°C), the engrafted Si–NH2 was desorbed from the bonded interface, indicating that the Si–NH2 effectively reacted with Si–OH on the other side to form Si–O–Si covalent bonds. This study contributes to understanding of the role of surface functional groups for bonding reaction. Furthermore, the method proposed here would be promising as a production technology because it enables glass bonding at lower temperatures with a simple plasma system.
Using learning analytics to enhance college students' shared epistemic agency in mobile instant messaging: A new way to support deep discussion
Authors: Yu Yawen , Tao Yang , Chen Gaowei , Sun Can
Published: January 2024

Background

Deep discussions play an important role in students' online learning. However, researchers have largely focused on engaging students in deep discussions in online asynchronous forums. Few studies have investigated how to promote deep discussion via mobile instant messaging (MIM).

Objectives

In this study, we applied learning analytical tools (i.e., KBdeX and word clouds) to enhance students' shared epistemic agency and thereby support their deep discussions in MIM.

Methods

Forty Chinese college students participated in this study and reflected on their MIM engagement by participating in the learning analytics (LA)‐augmented meta‐discourse sessions. The study used multiple data analysis methods, including content analysis, statistical analysis, epistemic network analysis and lag sequential analysis.

Results

We found that LA engaged students in deep discussions and shared epistemic agency‐related discourse, such as creating shared understanding, creating knowledge objects, and projective and regulative processes. In particular, word clouds engaged students in more complete shared epistemic agency discourse trajectory which started from creating awareness of unknowns, then progressed to setting projective plans and sharing information, and ultimately, creating shared understanding. Moreover, our analysis indicated that epistemic agency discourse moves of creating shared understanding led students to a high level of deep discussion.

Implications

This study contributes to research by extending the ‘comparison paradigm’, which focuses on comparing (a)synchronous forums with MIM, to a ‘design paradigm’, which mobilises design features from (a)synchronous forums to MIM and using learning analytical tools to engage students in deep online discussions by promoting their epistemic agency.
The association between posttraumatic stress disorder and mental health of adolescents who exposed to the worst disaster of the century: Extensive data from southeast Turkey
Authors: Düken Mehmet Emin , Kaplan Veysel , Almazan Joseph
Published: January 2024

Problems

This study was conducted to examine the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and mental health status of adolescents exposed to the worst disaster of the century.

Methods

This study was descriptive, cross‐sectional, and correlational. This research was conducted between March 31 and July 1, 2023. The study was conducted with earthquake survivors who migrated from Kahramanmaraş, the epicenter of the earthquake, and Adıyaman and Hatay, the other two cities where it was most effective, to Şanlıurfa. The study was conducted with a total of 947 adolescents. “Personal Information Form,” “Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index,” and “Symptom Distress Check List‐ (SCL‐90)” were used to collect data. Linear regression method was used in the analysis of the research. Path analysis was performed using PATH analysis.

Findings

The mean age of the adolescents participating in the study was 16.69 ± 1.41 years. It was found that the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the adolescents was at the pathological level with a mean of 2.36 ± 0.68. Posttraumatic stress reactions of the adolescents who experienced the earthquake was found to explain 97.2% of their mental symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization, anger‐hostility, obsession‐compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychotic symptoms, other problems, and GSI) (p < 0.001). It was found that the age of the adolescents, total number of losses in the earthquake, the time they stayed under the rubble, the time they waited for siblings to be pulled from under the rubble and the state of having loss due to the earthquake explained 74.4% of the posttraumatic stress reactions (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

As a conclusion, it was found that the adolescents who experienced the earthquake experienced severe posttraumatic stress symptoms. It was also found that adolescents who experienced high levels of trauma symptoms showed pathological mental symptoms. After the earthquake, adolescents should be evaluated periodically in terms of posttraumatic stress symptoms. In the evaluations to be made, it is important to determine how adolescents are affected especially mentally. In this context, interventions should be implemented for the identified mental symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization, etc.).