bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relation between Cultural Intelligence and Burnout among Staff
Authors: Dolatshah Ali , Ghorban Hosseini Masood
Published: August 2016

This research intended to study the relation in between cultural intelligence and burnout among the staff of
Arman financial institute in Tehran. From all the staff in Arman financial institute by the use of available
sampling 234 were selected as the sample of the research. The subjects responded to the cultural intelligence
questionnaire (Ank et al., 2004) and burnout (Maselch, 1985). The statistical method implemented in this
research for data analysis revealed multiple regression and Pearson correlation. The research findings showed
that there is a negative and significant relation between cultural intelligence and burnout.
A Mathematical Modeling for Delivery Time in Dynamic PERT Networks
Authors: Afsari Mahtab , Javadi Vasigh Hesam
Published: August 2016

In project management, the main purpose of proposed methods is project scheduling which helps to management
and planning. We can calculate a real average of project closure in dynamic PERT networks by identifying a
lower limit. According to randomness, each distribution parameter varies itself and also it is proposed that
activity durations are exponential distributions which have casual, unstable and independent variables. We used
hypothetic kinetic programming, that project closure time would have a lower limit. Finally, delivery time would
obtain optimal due date by minimizing the expected aggregate cost per project and also a linear function of its
due-date.
Lakatos’s Research Program and the thought of the Islamic Republic
Authors: Alihosseini Ali , Keshavarz Hamidreza
Published: August 2016

In the volatile history of science, we come across a series of theories and methods, each of which has emerged and has been used at some point and has been replaced later by another method. These multiple methods and theories have each caused science and scientific knowledge to advance one step forward. One of these theories is Imre Lakatos’s research program which, though a theory often considered in the analysis of the trends of the empirical sciences, given the general principles and the dominant spirit of this theory, it can be also used to study other intellectual currents. Lakatos believes that any theory is a research program that is composed of two parts: a hard core and a protective belt. The hard core is the basis and foundation of every thought and theory .To protect the main theory and to protect it against changes, there exist the protective belts that are somehow a supplement to the core of the theory .According to Lakatos, the progressive or retrogressive nature of a research program depends on the ability and acceptability of the auxiliary hypotheses which serve to protect the hard core. Thus, a research program can be progressive and dynamic if it causes new theories which bring about new predictions by modifying the protective belt. This article has considered the notion of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a research program. In this regard, this study is an attempt to determine the functions of ‘expediency’ in the Islamic Republic using an impression of the concept of ‘expediency’ which is similar to the protective belt by considering Islam as a hard core and as a resistant framework. This article is also an attempt to emphasize the point that, in the Islamic Republic, the concept of ‘expediency’ has the same function which is noted as the protective belt in Lakatos’s view. Therefore, using the notion of ‘interest’ by the advocates of the hard core is an attempt made to prevent the rejection of the hard core and pave the way for the development and change in Islam as an efficient religion.
Predicting Heart Attacks in Patients Using Artificial Intelligence Methods
Authors: Nasrabadi Abbas , Haddadnia Javad
Published: August 2016

Today the heart disease is one of the most important causes of death in the world. So its early prediction and diagnosis is important in medical field, which could help in on time treatment, decreasing health costs and decreasing death caused by it. In fact the main goal of using data mining algorithms in medicine by using patients’ data is better utilizing the database and discovering tacit knowledge to help doctors in better decision making.

Therefore using data mining and discovering knowledge in cardiovascular centers could create a valuable knowledge, which improves the quality of service provided by managers, and could be used by doctors to predict the future behavior of heart diseases using past records. Also some of the most important applications of data mining and knowledge discovery in heart patients system includes: diagnosing heart attack from various signs and properties, evaluating the risk factors which increases the heart attack.
In this article the effort focused on evaluating the previous works on discovering knowledge using data mining in heart diseases field, and also explain the used algorithms in every one of the previous works, to help the future researchers to gain maximum benefits from these abilities. Because of this, in the next sections, first we will explain various works in data mining field using heart patients’ data, and will show the ability of data mining in various applications of heart disease field, and based on a table will show the history of data mining and it’s applications in heart diseases field. Finally we will provide the best methods and algorithms used in various applications of heart diseases using a comparison and will show the results in a table. It is obvious in the diagrams that the suggested method has the best performance and best quality in prediction.
The Roles of Neighborhood Cultural Spaces in the Development of Citizenship Culture
Authors: Izadi Malihe , Mohammadi Jamal
Published: August 2016

Cultural space constitutes the physical, cultural and perceptual attributes of a place that creates social phenomenon and place meaning. Thus, this paper discusses the roles of cultural spaces that Cultural spaces in neighborhoods as parts of thriving urban spaces are considered as the most potential urban spaces in the development of citizenship culture due to enjoying potentials and capacities. This study will look into how such cultural characteristics have influenced the revitalization of the local culture. Cultural spaces are considered as one set of the main instruments of cultural development in current societies and are burdened significant responsibility in developing human forces. Cultural spaces, as one set of the main important institutions for cultural services, have important functions in increasing the literacy and culture level of societies. Then establishment of such spaces and the mode of their distribution in the neighborhoods are, directly or indirectly, effective on the degree of individuals’ reference and use of these spaces. The aim of the present study is to identify and analyze spatially the performance of cultural spaces of neighborhoods in the enhancement of citizenship culture. The results of the present study indicate that the development of cultural spaces results in decreasing the differences in urban culture and promoting appropriate citizenship behaviors and consequently, accessing citizenship culture development.
Conceptual Urban Planning a Prerequisite for Physical Urban Planning
Authors: Varesi Hamidreza , Mahmoudzade Mahmoud
Published: August 2016

In the contemporary urban order the rational connection between the physique of the city and its non-physical elements is a major concern. Whatever happens in the existence of a city like the social, cultural, economic and political interactions are the inevitable realities through which the qualification and quantification nature of the city are determined. All occurrences in these realities, the constituent elements, are subject to the structural process which can be regulated as one of the social organization (non-physical) in urban settings, namely the social organization of the city, economic organization of the city and the political organization of the city. These organizations have the ranking in importance according to the city scale. The objective here is to identify these organizations and their contributions in conceptual urban planning. The adopted method here is descriptive-analytic. In a comparative comparison between the physical and non-physical needs of human regarding an urban setting reveals that the non-physical aspect has priority with high importance since its effect on the citizens’ satisfaction is specific and direct.
Arctic energy policy and security of the Russian Federation
Authors: Urbański Marcin
Published: August 2016

In this article, the author examines the Arctic region in the context of the energy and
security policy of the Russian Federation. The author emphasises the factors which currently
influence the increasing interest in the Arctic of the countries which claim rights to this
region, which are: the US, Canada, Denmark, Norway and the Russian Federation. Among
the most important factors indicating the essence of the Arctic, the author points out, inter
alia: plenty of energy deposits, which because of the changing climate, are more available,
the size of the Arctic area and new transport routes.

The author indicates the possibilities of using the Russian Federation policy regarding the
Arctic in order to, among other things, strengthen the country’s international position.
The author also presents the extent to which claiming the right to exclusive exploitation
of mineral resources by the Russian Federation is the real motive of its actions and its
intention to totally subordinate the Arctic area. Simultaneously, an attempt is made to
answer the question whether the Arctic is likely to be a place of military conflict in the
future?

The article also examines the issues related to the legal status of the Russian Federation
regarding the Arctic, the political activity of the Russian Federation in this region and the
possibility of the Russian Federation exploiting energy resources in the Arctic region.

The article brings together the issues connected with the Russian Federation and its policy
in the region of the Arctic Ocean, and also portrays the importance of the Arctic in the
changing international security environment.
Daesh in the perspective of various research schools
Authors: Klein Grzegorz
Published: August 2016

The creation of the “Caliphate” is one of the greatest threats to international order. So, it
is reasonable to attempt to determine the nature of this organisation. The various schools
in the area of ​​international relations are helpful in this regard. For this purpose, the
characteristics of Daesh are shown in the first part of the article. In subsequent sections of
the conclusions to the first part, the most important research schools have been compared.

According to the accepted assumption, the school of realism is the most appropriate for
the study of Daesh. However, other schools can contribute to a better understanding of the
organisation, showing the multidimensional and multifaceted threats for the international
order coming from Daesh.
CBRN consequence management: New approach and possibilities of participation of chemical units
Authors: Zahradníček Radim , Otřísal Pavel , Skaličan Zdeněk
Published: August 2016

Managing the consequences after using weapons of mass destruction is considered a classic
task of the Chemical Corps units and formations. Restoring essential combat capability of
troops and recovering from chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear event is a primary
goal of operations, which are termed “CBRN consequence management”. The paper discusses
the current approach to the topic in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and provides
notes from operational experience that can lead to the development of relevant military
capabilities. Based on an analysis of theoretical and practical approaches, the authors
propose capability areas of modern Chemical Corps units that support CBRN consequence
management operations.
Como se estuda o que não se diz: uma revisão sobre demanda oculta
Authors: Modesto Antônio Augusto Dall'Agnol , Couto Marcia Thereza
Published: August 2016

Objetivos: Pessoas com demandas aparentemente bem delimitadas podem, muitas vezes, ter queixas ou preocupações ocultas ou tardiamente apresentadas, chamadas em inglês de hidden agenda, by the way syndrome ou doorknob syndrome (“síndrome da maçaneta”). Poucos trabalhos abordam o fenômeno em contexto clínico discutindo seus aspectos ou consequências sobre o cuidado do ponto de vista sociocultural. Uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre saúde dos homens realizada pelos autores exigiu estudar a produção científica relacionada à hidden agenda de forma descritiva e interpretativa. Métodos: Esta revisão, do tipo estado da questão, abarcou artigos que tratassem da hidden agenda (ou expressões similares) no contexto clínico geral ou especializado, médico ou multiprofissional, em português, inglês ou espanhol, no período de 2000 a 2014. Partindo de 210 resultados iniciais em 3 bases de dados internacionais, foram selecionadas 39 publicações, que foram avaliadas quanto a características objetivas e subjetivas. Resultados: Identificando os temas predominantes nas pesquisas, notamos que hidden agenda é a expressão mais específica, sendo demanda oculta sua melhor tradução. Quase todos os estudos relacionavam a atenção a demandas ocultas a melhores desfechos ou desdobramentos do atendimento, embora nenhum avaliasse essas consequências de forma aprofundada. Conclusão: A revisão deixa claro que a demanda oculta é um elemento problematizador para pensar a prática médica e potencializador para a clínica, especialmente ao buscar-se um cuidado integral e um diálogo efetivo entre profissional e usuário(a). São necessários estudos que articulem o fenômeno a aspectos socioculturais ou tecnoassistenciais e que contemplem alguma discussão sobre construção da demanda, ausente nos artigos revisados.
Qualidade de vida dos pacientes hipertensos em uma unidade de saúde
Authors: Polidoro André Alexey , Kolling Marcelo Garcia
Published: August 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar a autopercepção da qualidade de vida dos pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo transversal, por meio da aplicação do questionário o SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) para 47 pacientes hipertensos de uma Unidade Municipal de Saúde do Município de Curitiba, sendo 10 homens e 37 mulheres. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a média global de saúde da população foi 61,0, variando do escore 11,0 até 92,1. O critério melhor avaliado foi “limitação por aspectos sociais”, enquanto o pior aspecto foi “limitação pela dor”. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de não se desprezar nenhum dos componentes da qualidade de vida no cuidado aos pacientes hipertensos, com risco de causar prejuízo na mesma.
The State of Cell Blocks and Ancillary Testing: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Saqi Anjali
Published: August 2016

Cell blocks are an integral part of cytology, but their utility is recognized probably more now than ever before, largely owing to the significant role they play in ancillary testing, particularly molecular diagnostics. Modifications to improve the cell block method initially introduced more than a century ago have been made over the years. Though their value is acknowledged and they are widely used across laboratories, cell block preparations are not standardized and results of ancillary testing performed on them are inconsistent. This article reviews the state of cell blocks—summarizes the more common, currently available and used methods and their corresponding advantages and shortcomings, outlines the role of alternative techniques (eg, smears), and proposes methods to optimize results.
Potable Reuse is Expanding
Authors: Trussell R. Rhodes , Trussell C. Bryan
Published: August 2016

The US water supply is in crisis because of factors such as population growth, climate change, limited high‐quality water sources, and increasing water demand. Potable reuse is one component of an integrated water management approach many utilities are exploring.
Customer Service Drives Quest for a Lead‐Safe City
Authors: Arnette Verna , Swertfeger Jeff , Schweitzer Stephanni , Berry Ronnie , Dawson Patrice , Frey Kathy , Lucky Tiffany , Owen Erin , Webb Dawn
Published: August 2016

At the forefront of advanced water treatment for decades, Greater Cincinnati (Ohio) Water Works has addressed distribution system issues with continued rigor, expanding customer service and developing strategies to advance the goal of complete lead service line removal.
Innovative Community Tourism in Uganda
Authors: MacKay Kelly J. , Campbell J. Michael
Published: August 2016

This paper illustrates an innovative approach to enhance rural livelihoods through community tourism in Uganda. Following pro-poor tourism principles of local participation and linking with existing systems, Gorilla Friends Tented Camp opened in Ruhija village, where mountain gorillas were recently habituated for gorilla tracking tours. In a village that had no previous tourist accommodations and few opportunities for villagers to earn income, a percentage of profits from Gorilla Friends Tented Camp are returned to support other livelihood enhancement initiatives in the village. While much of our previous research has focused on identifying and developing local capacity to participate meaningfully in Uganda’s tourism industry, attention must also be paid to tourists’ experiences at the site to ensure continued viability. Findings based on interviews with tourists to Ruhija illustrate the need for national partnership networks to support local community tourism. Additionally, understanding how tourists came to and experienced the community will assist the local people with sustainability of their operations and activities, and inform continued innovation in community tourism development in Ruhija.
Strategy for Selecting Sustainable Tourism Indicators for the Gaspésie and Îles de la Madeleine Regions
Authors: Rajaonson Juste , Tanguay Georges A.
Published: August 2016

This article describes the creation of a grid of sustainable tourism indicators, specifically the strategy adopted by the Gaspésie and Îles de la Madeleine regions of Québec. First, a list of indicators recognized by experts, which systematically cover the dimensions of sustainable tourism, was compiled. In the second step, the indicators were coordinated with the sustainable tourism policy framework of each region, to operationalize the indicators while preserving their validity. This two-step strategy led to identification of a list of recognized and measurable sustainable tourism indicators consistent with the tourism policy of each region. This approach thus minimizes the risks of instrumentalization of the concept of sustainable tourism, and guarantees the validity of the assessment and follow-up approaches in this area.
Le Transsibérien, vecteur de la mise en tourisme des destinations enclavées
Authors: Andreeva-Jourdain Ekaterina
Published: August 2016

Le rôle du train dans le développement des nouvelles destinations constitue la question centrale de cette étude. Cet article analyse l’importance du Transsibérien dans le développement territorial des lieux qu’il traverse avec un intérêt particulier porté sur le tourisme à l’échelle d’un pays comme la Russie. L’étude apporte un certain nombre de réponses historiques et géographiques avec un accent singulier sur l’importance et les différentes formes d’interactions possibles entre le train et le territoire. L’utilisation de la méthode de récolte de données basée sur l’analyse des catalogues des voyagistes cherche à identifier l’importance des lieux du point de vue touristique sur les parcours des trains permettant de produire des données fiables concernant le Transsibérien.
La mémoire des méga-événements comme instrument de la planification urbaine ?
Authors: Ballester Patrice
Published: August 2016

À partir d’une géographie de la mémoire, j’aborde les stratégies de planification urbaine en relation avec l’organisation, la tenue et le bilan des méga-événements. Leur souvenir, remémoration et manipulation par les élites locales rentrent dans une politique urbaine sur le long terme pour justifier parfois des choix hasardeux ou judicieux. J’aboutis à trois résultats corollaires de la forme, du fond et de la fonction des méga-événements à partir d’une recherche archivistique, d’une enquête de terrain sur les sites olympiques à Barcelone et d’une revue de littérature renouvelée sur le sujet : une complémentarité entre les Jeux olympiques et les Expositions universelles s’observe avec l’importance du palimpseste urbain fonctionnant comme un système intégrateur, une mémoire collective des méga-événements reste prégnante grâce au tourisme de masse et de niche, les qualités de l’éphémère de la manifestation se font ressentir dans la production matérielle et immatérielle forgeant une mémoire collective.
Dix stades français pour l’Euro-foot 2016
Authors: Augustin Jean-Pierre , Nicolle Vincent
Published: August 2016

Les stades sont devenus les cathédrales profanes du 21e siècle, mais leur édification ne se limite pas au plan architectural et s’inscrit de plus en plus dans des projets urbains et touristiques qui participent à la rénovation de quartiers tout en dotant la ville d’une nouvelle identité. Les méga-événements comme l’Euro-foot 2016 organisé en France par l’UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) sont, au-delà des constructions ou rénovations de stades, des occasions particulièrement efficaces d’accélérer les mutations urbaines. La problématique de ce travail se focalise sur l’analyse d’événements qui sont à la fois un prétexte à la recomposition de quartiers, à l’aménagement du territoire et à l’affirmation de l’image attractive et touristique des villes engagées dans une course à la distinction. L’Euro-foot 2016 est l’occasion de souligner que les équipements nécessaires aux méga-événements sportifs sont les lieux emblématiques des grands rassemblements, un symbole des dynamiques métropolitaines et un enjeu d’attraction et de développement touristique.
L’informalité et la sélectivité stratégique de l’État : la montée de l’emploi précaire dans l’industrie de la construction aux États-Unis
Authors: Theodore Nik , Rondeau Joëlle
Published: August 2016

L’informalité économique est généralement définie comme l’absence d’action étatique à cause de déficits institutionnels dans la capacité de l’État à réguler les activités économiques sur son territoire. Il existe un certain consensus sur l’importance de comprendre le rôle de l’État dans la suppression ou la croissance de l’informalité, afin de mieux expliquer l’étendue, la nature et l’évolution de l’économie informelle. Ce texte discute du rôle de l’État dans le double processus de désyndicalisation et d’informalisation dans le secteur de la construction résidentielle. L’un des effets prévisibles de ce double processus est la diminution des conditions de travail. Le travail précaire est de plus en plus important et les travailleurs immigrants (plusieurs sans statut légal dans le pays) sont devenus des « travailleurs de choix » pour les contracteurs qui se font la concurrence sur la base d’une diminution des coûts et la sueur des ouvriers.
Un projet « pour les Roms » ? Bricolages, malentendus et informalité productive dans des dispositifs d’insertion et de relogement
Authors: Olivera Martin
Published: August 2016

À partir d’une double recherche de terrain menée en Seine-Saint-Denis (ethnographies des migrants roms de Roumanie et des actions publiques ciblées mises en oeuvre à leur attention), cet article propose une réflexion sur les formes et conditions de la « réussite » des dispositifs d’accompagnement social et de relogement (« projets d’insertion »). Le suivi de tels projets montre que l’ensemble des acteurs en présence « bricole » afin de garder le cap dans un contexte mouvant et incertain, celui de la ville en train de se faire, pour y conserver (ou y prendre) sa place. Au-delà des migrants roms, cette réflexion souhaite contribuer aux débats sur la valeur de l’informalité et du malentendu dans les dynamiques d’intégration sociale.
Analysis of genotype diversity and evolution of Dengue virus serotype 2 using complete genomes
Authors: Waman Vaishali P. , Kolekar Pandurang , Ramtirthkar Mukund R. , Kale Mohan M. , Kulkarni-Kale Urmila
Published: August 2016

Background

Dengue is one of the most common arboviral diseases prevalent worldwide and is caused by Dengue viruses (genusFlavivirus,familyFlaviviridae). There are four serotypes of Dengue Virus (DENV-1 to DENV-4), each of which is further subdivided into distinct genotypes. DENV-2 is frequently associated with severe dengue infections and epidemics. DENV-2 consists of six genotypes such as Asian/American, Asian I, Asian II, Cosmopolitan, American and sylvatic. Comparative genomic study was carried out to infer population structure of DENV-2 and to analyze the role of evolutionary and spatiotemporal factors in emergence of diversifying lineages.

Methods

Complete genome sequences of 990 strains of DENV-2 were analyzed using Bayesian-based population genetics and phylogenetic approaches to infer genetically distinct lineages. The role of spatiotemporal factors, genetic recombination and selection pressure in the evolution of DENV-2 is examined using the sequence-based bioinformatics approaches.

Results

DENV-2 genetic structure is complex and consists of fifteen subpopulations/lineages. The Asian/American genotype is observed to be diversified into seven lineages. The Asian I, Cosmopolitan and sylvatic genotypes were found to be subdivided into two lineages, each. The populations of American and Asian II genotypes were observed to be homogeneous. Significant evidence of episodic positive selection was observed in all the genes, except NS4A. Positive selection operational on a few codons in envelope gene confers antigenic and lineage diversity in the American strains of Asian/American genotype. Selection on codons of non-structural genes was observed to impact diversification of lineages in Asian I, cosmopolitan and sylvatic genotypes. Evidence of intra/inter-genotype recombination was obtained and the uncertainty in classification of recombinant strains was resolved using the population genetics approach.

Discussion

Complete genome-based analysis revealed that the worldwide population of DENV-2 strains is subdivided into fifteen lineages. The population structure of DENV-2 is spatiotemporal and is shaped by episodic positive selection and recombination. Intra-genotype diversity was observed in four genotypes (Asian/American, Asian I, cosmopolitan and sylvatic). Episodic positive selection on envelope and non-structural genes translates into antigenic diversity and appears to be responsible for emergence of strains/lineages in DENV-2 genotypes. Understanding of the genotype diversity and emerging lineages will be useful to design strategies for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine design.
Tree phyllosphere bacterial communities: exploring the magnitude of intra- and inter-individual variation among host species
Authors: Laforest-Lapointe Isabelle , Messier Christian , Kembel Steven W.
Published: August 2016

Background

The diversity and composition of the microbial community of tree leaves (the phyllosphere) varies among trees and host species and along spatial, temporal, and environmental gradients. Phyllosphere community variation within the canopy of an individual tree exists but the importance of this variation relative to among-tree and among-species variation is poorly understood. Sampling techniques employed for phyllosphere studies include picking leaves from one canopy location to mixing randomly selected leaves from throughout the canopy. In this context, our goal was to characterize the relative importance of intra-individual variation in phyllosphere communities across multiple species, and compare this variation to inter-individual and interspecific variation of phyllosphere epiphytic bacterial communities in a natural temperate forest in Quebec, Canada.

Methods

We targeted five dominant temperate forest tree species including angiosperms and gymnosperms:Acer saccharum,Acer rubrum,Betula papyrifera,Abies balsameaandPicea glauca. For one randomly selected tree of each species, we sampled microbial communities at six distinct canopy locations: bottom-canopy (1–2 m height), the four cardinal points of mid-canopy (2–4 m height), and the top-canopy (4–6 m height). We also collected bottom-canopy leaves from five additional trees from each species.

Results

Based on an analysis of bacterial community structure measured via Illumina sequencing of the bacterial 16S gene, we demonstrate that 65% of the intra-individual variation in leaf bacterial community structure could be attributed to the effect of inter-individual and inter-specific differences while the effect of canopy location was not significant. In comparison, host species identity explains 47% of inter-individual and inter-specific variation in leaf bacterial community structure followed by individual identity (32%) and canopy location (6%).

Discussion

Our results suggest that individual samples from consistent positions within the tree canopy from multiple individuals per species can be used to accurately quantify variation in phyllosphere bacterial community structure. However, the considerable amount of intra-individual variation within a tree canopy ask for a better understanding of how changes in leaf characteristics and local abiotic conditions drive spatial variation in the phyllosphere microbiome.
The incidence rates of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer: a four-year population-based study
Authors: Yuk Jin-Sung
Published: August 2016

Introduction

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rates of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and endometrial cancer (EC) in the Republic of Korea using national insurance claim data generated from 2009 to 2012.

Materials and Methods

Data that were generated from 2009 to 2012 were sourced from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Inpatients Sample database. The data from women who were assigned diagnosis codes representing EH or EC within 1 month of being assigned codes that corresponded to procedures that included endometrial biopsies and several types of gynecologic surgeries to obtain endometrial pathology samples, were selected for analysis.

Results

Data from 2,477,424 women were entered into the database between 2009 and 2012, and the data from 1,868 women with EH and 868 women with EC were extracted for analysis. The mean ages of the patients were 44.1 ± 0.4 years for those with EH and 52.7 ± 0.6 years for those with EC. The EH and EC incidence rates were 37 per 100,000 woman-years and 8 per 100,000 woman-years, respectively. The EH and EC incidence rates peaked when the women were in their late forties and fifties, respectively.

Conclusions

The EH and EC incidence rates determined in this study were somewhat lower than those determined from previous studies. Further studies are required that adjust the data for race, menopausal hormone therapy, and obesity.
Rapid reinflation following the 2011–2012 rhyodacite eruption at Cordón Caulle volcano (Southern Andes) imaged by InSAR: Evidence for magma reservoir refill
Authors: Delgado Francisco , Pritchard Matthew E. , Basualto Daniel , Lazo Jonathan , Córdova Loreto , Lara Luis E.
Published: August 2016

Cordón Caulle is a large fissural volcano that has erupted rhyodacitic magma of the same composition in its past three historical eruptions in 1921, 1960, and 2011–2012. There was significant ground deformation observed before and during the 2011–2012 eruption—here we use C and X band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series results to document posteruptive uplift up to 0.8 m between March 2012 and May 2015, with line‐of‐sight rates up to 45 cm/yr that have been largely aseismic, along with subsidence in the 2011–2012 lava flow. The 2012 uplift rate is one of the largest for silicic systems and was likely produced by the intrusion of ~0.125 km3 of magma in the same tectonically controlled plumbing system that has been active during the historical eruptions. Nevertheless, the uplift ended before the reservoir refilled with the erupted volume, maybe due to a change in the pressure gradient produced by the 2011–2012 eruption.
Magnetotail magnetic flux monitoring based on simultaneous solar wind and magnetotail observations
Authors: Shukhtina M. A. , Gordeev E. I. , Sergeev V. A. , Tsyganenko N. A. , Clausen L. B. N. , Milan S. E.
Published: August 2016

The magnetotail magnetic flux (MTF) is an important global variable to describe the magnetospheric state and dynamics. Existing methods of MTF estimation on the basis of the polar cap area, inferred from observations of global auroras and field‐aligned currents, do not allow benchmarking due to the absence of a gauge for comparison; besides, they rarely allow a systematic nearly real time MTF monitoring. We describe three modifications (F0, F1, and F2) of the method to calculate the MTF, based on simultaneous spacecraft observations in the magnetotail and in the solar wind, suitable for real‐time MTF monitoring. The MTF dependence on the solar wind parameters and the observed tail lobe magnetic field is derived from the pressure balance conditions. An essential part of this study is the calibration of our approximate method against global 3‐D MHD simulations and the empirical T14 magnetospheric field model. The calibration procedure provides all variables required to evaluate F0, F1, and F2 quantities and, at the same time, computes the reference MTF value through any tail cross section. It allowed us to extend the method to be used in the near tail, investigate its errors, and define the applicability domain. The method was applied to Cluster and THEMIS measurements and compared with methods of polar cap area calculation based on IMAGE and AMPERE observations. We also discuss possible applications and some recent results based on the proposed method.
Effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid on cell viability and glucose transport in human leukemic cell lines
Authors: Leon David , Parada Daniela , Vargas‐Uribe Mauricio , Perez Alejandra A. , Ojeda Lorena , Zambrano Angara , Reyes Alejandro M. , Salas Mónica
Published: August 2016

The polyphenol nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) has antineoplastic properties, hence it is critical to understand its action at the molecular level. Here, we establish that NDGA inhibits glucose uptake and cell viability in leukemic HL‐60 and U‐937 cell lines. We monitored hexose uptake using radio‐labeled 2‐deoxyglucose (2DG) and found that the inhibition by NDGA followed a noncompetitive mechanism. In addition, NDGA blocked hexose transport in human red blood cells and displaced prebound cytochalasin B from erythrocyte ghosts, suggesting a direct interaction with the glucose transporter GLUT1. We propose a model for the mechanism of action of NDGA on glucose uptake. Our study shows for the first time that NDGA can act as inhibitor of the glucose transporter GLUT1.
Distribution Management System (
DMS
) Integrated Voltage‐
VAR
Control
Authors: Kwon Seongchul
Published: August 2016

In pursue of low carbon society, distributed generators, including renewable energy resources such as solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, and battery energy systems, have been interconnected to distribution networks dramatically in recent years. In spite of lots of advantages of distributed generators, they also cause the voltage and protection coordination problem in distribution network. To solve voltage problem in distribution network, many research and demonstration projects have been conducted in decades. In this chapter, DMS (distribution management system) integrated VVC (voltage‐VAR control) is summarized. Voltage variation problems in the distribution networks due to distributed generators are introduced and voltage control devices used in distribution network are reviewed. Later, two VVC methods to solve the voltage problems in distribution network using voltage control devices are described. One is the decentralized approach using local controller for DG (distributed generator) or SVR (step voltage regulator), which control locally the voltage in the active way with additional information measurement. The other is VVO (voltage‐VAR optimization) application, which resides and executes in real time in the DMS, optimizes the voltage profiles in distribution network to solve the violation, and reduces the loss using control resources including OLTC (on‐load tap changer), SVR, and distributed generators.
Online Monitoring of Dynamics withPMUData
Authors: Chow Joe H.
Published: August 2016

Power system frequency, voltage, and current measurements, obtained from phasor measurement units (PMUs), provide several important capabilities beyond the traditional 4‐s substation data used in the energy management systems of control centers. These properties include precise time tagging of the measured data using GPS (global positioning system) signals, high sampling rate at 30/50/60 samples per second, and the phase as well as the magnitude of the voltage and current phasors. Thus, the PMU data can be used to monitor power system dynamics, such as the impact of a disturbance as it spreads to other regions, and oscillations during disturbances and under ambient condition. This chapter reviews the PMU data application tools that have been installed at control centers or are under development.
Synthesis of Molybdenum and Niobium Mono‐ and Binary Silicides by the Method of SHS‐Metallurgy
Authors: Yukhvid Vladimir , Gorshkov Vladimir , Miloserdov Pavel , Skachkova Nina , Alymov Mikhail , Nolze Gert , Epishin Alexander
Published: August 2016

The process of self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis of the Mo–Nb–Si silicides from the powder mixtures has been investigated. Based on performed experiments, the composition of powder mixtures as well as technological parameters are proposed which provide the synthesis of monosilicides MoSi2, NbSi2, and binary silicides Mo1−хNbxSi2 with different ratios of Nb/Mo by adding different contents of MoO3 and Nb2O5. Microstructure and phase compositions of the obtained silicide ingots are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, X‐ray diffraction, and backscatter electron diffraction.
TopUp Plasmonic Arrays for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Patze Sophie , Huebner Uwe , Weber Karina , Cialla‐May Dana , Popp Juergen
Published: August 2016

By combining a bottom‐up process with top‐down fabricated templates, the benefits of both methods are joined by creating so‐called TopUp plasmonic arrays for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The morphological and optical characterization of the TopUp substrates illustrates exceptional structural features allowing for a broad excitation range. Moreover, insights into the growth process of the silver desert‐rose‐like structures on gold templates are given. Finally, the high potential of the TopUp substrate in analytical science employing SERS for readout is substantiated using the example of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Reliable detection of SMX down to 10−7 m is achieved, which is the relevant concentration range in surface water analysis.
Braddock–Carey syndrome: A 21q22 contiguous gene syndrome encompassing RUNX1
Authors: Braddock Stephen R. , South Sarah T. , Schiffman Joshua D. , Longhurst Maria , Rowe Leslie R. , Carey John C.
Published: August 2016

In 1994, Braddock and Carey first reported two unrelated girls with a new multiple malformation syndrome. The primary features included Pierre Robin sequence, persistent neonatal‐onset thrombocytopenia, agenesis of the corpus callosum, a distinctive facies, enamel hypoplasia, and severe developmental delay. Since that time, there have been multiple other reported patients with a similar phenotype. In addition, several reports of thrombocytopenia and developmental delay have been documented in association with deletions in the Down syndrome critical region at 21q22. The similarity of the reported cases with deletions involving 21q22 with the clinical presentation of the two patients with Braddock–Carey syndrome resulted in a reinvestigation of the genetic etiology of these two patients 20 years after the original study. This investigation provides evidence that the etiology of this and other “Fanconi‐like” disorders represent a newly recognized contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving 21q22 and specifically, the RUNX1 gene. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct current stimulation over the anterior temporal areas boosts semantic processing in primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Teichmann Marc , Lesoil Constance , Godard Juliette , Vernet Marine , Bertrand Anne , Levy Richard , Dubois Bruno , Lemoine Laurie , Truong Dennis Q. , Bikson Marom , Kas Aurélie , Valero‐Cabré Antoni
Published: August 2016

Objective

Noninvasive brain stimulation in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a promising approach. Yet, applied to single cases or insufficiently controlled small‐cohort studies, it has not clarified its therapeutic value. We here address the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the semantic PPA variant (sv‐PPA), applying a rigorous study design to a large, homogeneous sv‐PPA cohort.

Methods

Using a double‐blind, sham‐controlled counterbalanced cross‐over design, we applied three tDCS conditions targeting the temporal poles of 12 sv‐PPA patients. Efficiency was assessed by a semantic matching task orthogonally manipulating “living”/”nonliving” categories and verbal/visual modalities. Conforming to predominantly left‐lateralized damage in sv‐PPA and accounts of interhemispheric inhibition, we applied left hemisphere anodal‐excitatory and right hemisphere cathodal‐inhibitory tDCS, compared to sham stimulation.

Results

Prestimulation data, compared to 15 healthy controls, showed that patients had semantic disorders predominating with living categories in the verbal modality. Stimulation selectively impacted these most impaired domains: Left‐excitatory and right‐inhibitory tDCS improved semantic accuracy in verbal modality, and right‐inhibitory tDCS improved processing speed with living categories and accuracy and processing speed in the combined verbal × living condition.

Interpretation

Our findings demonstrate the efficiency of tDCS in sv‐PPA by generating highly specific intrasemantic effects. They provide “proof of concept” for future applications of tDCS in therapeutic multiday regimes, potentially driving sustained improvement of semantic processing. Our data also support the hotly debated existence of a left temporal‐pole network for verbal semantics selectively modulated through both left‐excitatory and right‐inhibitory brain stimulation. Ann Neurol 2016;80:693–707
Photocatalytic properties of PMMA‐TiO2 class I and class II hybrid nanofibers obtained by electrospinning
Authors: Ohlmaier‐Delgadillo Federico , Castillo‐Ortega Maria Monica , Ramírez‐Bon Rafael , Armenta‐Villegas Lorena , Rodríguez‐Félix Dora Evelia , Santacruz‐ Ortega Hisila , del Castillo‐Castro Teresa , Santos‐Sauceda Irela
Published: August 2016

The preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity evaluation of three hybrid fibrous materials composed mainly by poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA): 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPM): titanium butoxide (TBT), TiO2 nanoparticles (NPTiO2), and TiO2 nanowires (NWTiO2) is studied. Two types of fibeŕs structures were prepared, single and core‐shell structures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed both structures, single and core‐shell, as well as the inorganic phase were dispersed in the hybrid fibers. Infrared spectroscopic analysis (FT‐IR) and thermal analysis showed the organic and inorganic components, as well as the weight percentage of the inorganic phase present in hybrid fibers. The photocatalytic activity of the hybrid fibers class I and II showed that the best photodegradative efficiency for methylene blue in aqueous solution (2.9 × 10−5 M) was 95%, provided by PMMA—10 wt % NPTiO2. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44334.
Room‐Temperature and Aqueous‐Phase Synthesis of Plasmonic Molybdenum Oxide Nanoparticles for Visible‐Light‐Enhanced Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Shi Jiayuan , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Wen Meicheng , Navlani‐García Miriam , Mori Kohsuke , An Taicheng , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: August 2016

A straightforward aqueous synthesis of MoO3−x nanoparticles at room temperature was developed by using (NH4)6Mo7O24⋅4 H2O and MoCl5 as precursors in the absence of reductants, inert gas, and organic solvents. SEM and TEM images indicate the as‐prepared products are nanoparticles with diameters of 90–180 nm. The diffuse reflectance UV‐visible‐near‐IR spectra of the samples indicate localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties generated by the introduction of oxygen vacancies. Owing to its strong plasmonic absorption in the visible‐light and near‐infrared region, such nanostructures exhibit an enhancement of activity toward visible‐light catalytic hydrogen generation. MoO3−x nanoparticles synthesized with a molar ratio of MoVI/MoV 1:1 show the highest yield of H2 evolution. The cycling catalytic performance has been investigated to indicate the structural and chemical stability of the as‐prepared plasmonic MoO3−x nanoparticles, which reveals its potential application in visible‐light catalytic hydrogen production.
Simultaneous Actuator and Sensor Faults Reconstruction Based on Robust Sliding Mode Observer for a Class of Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Ben Brahim Ali , Dhahri Slim , Ben Hmida Fayçal , Sellami Anis
Published: August 2016

This paper proposes a new robust fault reconstruction and estimation design for a class of nonlinear system described by the Takagi‐Sugeno model with unmeasurable premise variables subject to faults affecting actuators, sensor faults, and unknown disturbances. The augmented Takagi‐Sugeno system is introduced with a new fault vector which has two origins: the first one represents actuator faults, the second one denotes faults affecting sensors. The main contribution is focused primarily to conceive a sliding mode observer with two discontinuous terms designed to compensate for fault behavior and disturbance variation from the system states estimation. In the formalism of linear matrix inequalities, we derive sufficient conditions to guarantee the state estimation error stability and to obtain the observer gains. Meanwhile, additional effort is made to achieve simultaneous faults and disturbance reconstruction. Simulation results are given to illustrate the proposed approach performances.
Structural and functional diversity among amyloid proteins: Agents of disease, building blocks of biology, and implications for molecular engineering
Authors: Bleem Alissa , Daggett Valerie
Published: August 2016

Amyloids have long been associated with protein dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases, but recent research has demonstrated that some organisms utilize the unique properties of the amyloid fold to create functional structures with important roles in biological processes. Additionally, new engineering approaches have taken advantage of amyloid structures for implementation in a wide variety of materials and devices. In this review, the role of amyloid in human disease is discussed and compared to the functional amyloids, which serve a largely structural purpose. We then consider the use of amyloid constructs in engineering applications, including their utility as building blocks for synthetic biology and molecular engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 7–20. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.