bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of parenchyma-stroma relationships in carcinogenesis of the prostate gland (review)
Authors: Сутормин Я.А. , Калинина Е.Ю. , Попов С.В. , Аничков Н.М. , Черкасова Ю.Б.
Published: December 2020

Обзор представляет современные взгляды на роль системы соединительной ткани в патогенезе злокачественного роста. С этих позиций обсуждается значение различных клеточных компонентов соединительной ткани, в частности фибробластов и миофибробластов, способных преобразовываться в миофибриллоподобные клетки. Рассматривается участие клеток в процессе опухолевого роста, возможность изменения при этом их фенотипических свойств и функциональной активности. Отмечена роль фактора NF-kB (ядерный фактор kB), и других молекул межклеточного взаимодействия. Указывается, что каждый из клеточных компонентов в последующем может быть мишенью для терапии.

The review presents current views on the role of connective tissue system in the pathogenesis of malignant growth. Based on these ideas, importance of different connective tissue cell components is discussed, specifically significance of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which can transform into myofibril-like cells. Participation of the cells in tumor growth, a possibility of changing their phenotypic properties and functional activity are under discussion. The role of NF-kB (nuclear factor-kB) and other molecules of intercellular communication was underlined. The authors indicated that each of the cellular components may become a target for therapy in future.
Role of kidneys in regulation of arterial pressure in normal conditions and following changes in circulating blood volume
Authors: Еркудов В.О. , Пуговкин А.П.
Published: December 2020

В лекции рассмотрено значение почечных механизмов контроля артериального давления и объёма циркулирующей крови в норме и при широко распространённых в клинической практике условиях: кровопотере и инфузии дополнительного объёма жидкости в сосудистое русло. Подчеркивается, что с почками связаны два контура регуляции кровообращения: один, где регулируемым параметром является системное артериальное давление, реализуется через ренин-ангиотензиновую систему, а второй, где регулируемым параметром является объём циркулирующей крови - через гипоталамо-гипофизарную систему. Даётся патофизиологическое описание значимости этих систем в компенсации кровопотери и её инфузионной терапии. На основании собственных экспериментальных данных объясняются методы контроля показателей системной гемодинамики, мониторинг которых крайне необходим при кровопотере и её компенсации. Материал предназначен для врачей всех специальностей, в особенности, специализирующихся в области терапии ургентных состояний, но может быть полезен студентам старших курсов медицинских учебных заведений.

The review focused on contribution of renal mechanisms to regulation of blood pressure under clinically significant conditions of haemorrhage or infusion of an additional volume of fluid into the circulation. The authors underlined that kidneys are involved in two circuits of cardiovascular regulation, one of which is linked to systemic arterial pressure via the rennin-angiotensin system and the other is linked to changes in circulating blood volume via the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Special attention is paid to participation of the rennin-angiotensin system and vasopressin in compensation and therapy for blood loss. The authors’ own experimental data are used to explain approaches for monitoring the systemic circulation. The review is addressed to physicians and senior medical students particularly interested in resuscitation and urgent therapy.
Prospects for using peptide bioregulators for prevention and treatment of age-associated diseases of the musculoskeletal system (review of experimental data)
Authors: Рыжак Г.А. , Попович И.Г. , Хавинсон В.Х.
Published: December 2020

Увеличение продолжительности жизни человека, наблюдаемое во всем мире, требует особого внимания к возрастным изменениям, которые влияют на качество жизни. Остеоартроз и остеопороз входят в список основных заболеваний, которые приводят к ухудшению здоровья, изменению образа жизни и в конечном итоге, к инвалидности. Несмотря на то, что современные методы, применяемые для лечения как остеоартроза, так и остеопороза достаточно широки, разработка новых препаратов для лечения этих заболеваний является весьма актуальной. Среди таких препаратов особое внимание привлекают пептидные биорегуляторы, которые обладают геропротекторным эффектом, а также оказывают профилактическое действие при различных патологических состояниях организма. Одним из таких средств является пептидный препарат Хондролюкс®, который может быть рекомендован для профилактики заболеваний, связанных с изменениями хрящевой и костной тканей.

Musculoskeletal diseases are most common in the elderly. The associated physical pain and limited ability to move impair quality of life and lead to disability in older patients. Among musculoskeletal diseases, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are the most common. Osteoarthritis is a disease associated with age-related changes in the cartilage tissue. Osteoporosis, primarily postmenopausal, is characterized by decreased bone density. The similarity of these diseases is due to the fact that they both develop over a long time and are characteristic of older people. With age, both bone and cartilage tissues tend to lose their structure due to deterioration of metabolic processes. Therefore, it is important to maintain the musculoskeletal system as long as possible and focus on prevention of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Treatment of such diseases is associated with substantial economic costs; therefore, development of new, efficient and safe methods, which would qualitatively change the structural and functional state of bone and cartilage tissues, is highly relevant. Experimental studies showed that a new peptide drug, Chondrolux®, can be recommended for prevention and treatment of diseases associated with degenerative and dystrophic changes in the cartilage and bone tissues.
Pineal peptides and their role in ageing
Authors: Хавинсон В.Х. , Попович И.Г.
Published: December 2020

Актуальной проблемой биологии и медицины является разработка новых технологий, применение которых способно замедлять процесс преждевременного старения и развитие возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний. Одним из важных направлений является изучение эффективности геропротекторных препаратов, препятствующих процессу старения и увеличивающих среднюю продолжительность жизни. Среди таких препаратов в настоящее время большое внимание привлекают пептидные биорегуляторы. Многолетние научные исследования показали, что особенно эффективными оказались лекарственный препарат эпиталамин (комплекс пептидов, выделенных из эпифиза мозга животных) и тетрапептид эпиталон (который содержится в этом комплексе). Введение указанных препаратов животным разных видов достоверно увеличивало среднюю и максимальную продолжительность жизни и уменьшало частоту возникновения спонтанных и индуцированных канцерогенами злокачественных опухолей. Клиническое изучение эпиталамина свидетельствовало об улучшении основных физиологических показателей у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста и привело к снижению смертности в течение 15-летнего периода наблюдений. Анализ механизмов действия препаратов эпифиза в различных экспериментах показал возможность пептидергической эпигенетической регуляции экспрессии генов и синтеза белков у эукариот.

Development of new technologies aimed at prevention of early ageing and age-related diseases is a relevant issue of modern biology and medicine. Studying efficacy of geroprotective medicines, which hamper ageing and increase the average lifespan, has become a leading line of research. At present, peptide bioregulators hold a special place among such medicines. Multi-year studies have demonstrated a remarkable efficacy of Epitalamin (peptide complex isolated from animal pineal gland) and a tetrapeptide Epitalon (a part of this peptide complex). Administration of these peptide drugs to animals significantly prolonged the average and maximal lifespan and reduced the incidence of spontaneous and carcinogen-induced malignant tumors. Clinical studies of Epitalamin have demonstrated physiological improvement and decreased mortality rate in elderly and senile patients during a 15-year follow-up period. Analysis of mechanisms underlying the effect of pineal peptides in various experiments showed a possibility of peptidergic regulation for gene expression and protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
Bionic principles in the technology of robotic bioprinting of tooth enamel in situ
Authors: Малышев И.Ю. , Рунова Г.С. , Подураев Ю.В. , Буйнов М.А. , Климов Д.Д. , Хесуани Ю.Д. , Миронов В.А. , Парфенов В.А. , Перейра Ф.Д.А.С. , Буданова О.П. , Бахтина Л.Ю. , Янушевич О.О. , Калинин Тимофей Германович
Published: December 2020

Потеря зубов приводит к нарушению обработки пищи, ухудшает эстетический вид и в целом здоровье и качество жизни индивида. Главными причинами заболеваний и потери зубов являются повреждение эмали и кариес. Недостатки современных методов лечения повреждений эмали породили идею о выращивании биологических эквивалентов этой ткани. При этом стало очевидным, что восстановить полноценную эмаль можно только с учетом законов естественного развития этой ткани. В обзоре рассмотрены механизмы естественного амелогенеза, а затем на основе понимания этих механизмов проанализирована возможность разработки технологии восстановления эмали с помощью роботической 3D биопечати тканей in situ. Эти технологии могут обеспечить серьезные преимущества, например, увеличат до пожизненного срок годности «биопломбы»; решат проблему герметичности между новой и старой эмалью и снизят риски развития вторичного кариеса и других осложнений; снизят негативные последствия «человеческого фактора», и др. Есть основания полагать, что технологии роботической 3D биопечати in situ позволят восстанавливать не только отдельные ткани зуба, но и целый зуб и в значительной степени заменят существующие методы протезирования зубов.

Loss of teeth leads to disruption of food processing, worsens the aesthetic appearance and generally, the health and quality of life of the individual. The major causes of diseases and tooth loss are damage to the enamel and caries. Limitations of current methods for treatment of enamel damage gave birth to the idea of growing biological equivalents of this tissue. At the same time, it became obvious that it is possible to regenerate the enamel only taking into account the laws of natural development of this tissue. The review focuses on mechanisms of natural amelogenesis, and then based on understanding of these mechanisms, analyzes a possibility of developing a technology for regeneration of enamel by means of in situ robotic 3D bioprinting of tissues. Such technologies might provide some serious benefits, for example, prolong the shelf life of dental biofillings to a lifetime; solve the problem of tightness between the new and old enamel and reduce the risk of developing secondary caries and other complications, etc. There is a reason to believe that the technology of in situ robotic 3D bioprinting will allow to restore not only tooth tissues, but also the whole tooth and largely replace the existing methods of dental prosthetics.
About regeneration of the brain (Lecture I)
Authors: Пальцын А.А. , Свиридкина Н.Б.
Published: December 2020

В лекции рассматриваются общие вопросы регенерации мозга при патологических изменениях его в старости. Такие же изменения развиваются в мозге при многих самых распространенных болезнях современного человечества: атеросклероз, гипертоническая болезнь, воспалительные заболевания, диабет, рак, инсульт, саркопения, деменция. На большинстве территорий мозга нет постнатального обновления нейронов. На части этих территорий число нейронов в течение жизни остается неизменным, на других - уменьшается. В зонах постнатального нейрогенеза его скорость с возрастом снижается. Пропорционально возрасту уменьшается объем белого вещества, диаметр дендритов, нарастает демиелинизация. Уменьшается число синапсов и прочность синаптических контактов. Снижается скорость экспрессии генов и, прежде всего, генов, ответственных за клеточные коммуникации. Всё перечисленное действует в одном направлении, а именно нарушает суть нервной системы - нарушает связи. Решившись приняться за такую тему, как «Мозг, Старость, Регенерация» авторы пытались написать понятно и интересно для врачей и биологов любой специальности.

The lecture focuses on general issues of brain regeneration in pathological changes related with old age. Similar changes develop in the brain in many common diseases of modern humanity, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, inflammatory diseases, diabetes, cancer, stroke, sarcopenia, and dementia. In most areas of the brain, postnatal renewal of neurons is absent. In some of these areas, the number of neurons remains unchanged throughout the life whereas in others it decreases. In zones of postnatal neurogenesis, its rate decreases with age. The volume of white matter and diameter of dendrites decrease with the age and progressive demyelination. The number of synapses and stability of synaptic contacts reduce. The rate of gene expression decreases, particularly that of genes responsible for cell-to-cell communication. All of these mechanisms act in one direction, namely, they break the essence of the nervous system, communications. Having decided to launch into such topic as Brain, Old Age, Regeneration, the authors tried to write a clear and interesting lecture for doctors and biologists of any specialty.
Géneros de texto e as dimensões do suporte
Authors: Rosa Rute , Gonçalves Matilde
Published: December 2020

Situated within text and discourse linguistics, this paper focuses on presentation and discussion of the relations between medium and text genres. Firstly, a categorization of the dimensions of the medium is presented. Finally, based on a qualitative analysis, this article discusses the role of medium in different textual genres - scientific article, medication package insert, interview, and graffiti.
Padrões linguísticos do femicídio na imprensa escrita portuguesa
Authors: Barbosa Sílvia , Gonçalves Matilde , Magalhães Miguel
Published: December 2020

With this work we intend to analyze the news in the Portuguese media that report femicide and determine the presence of linguistic patterns with an impact on the creation and support of stereotypes and ideological systems. Preliminary data show that there are distinct linguistic patterns (some referring to sexist stereotypes) in the modalization of those involved and the event in news about femicide and show the need for a linguistic approach to fill the studies already developed.
Recursos educativos digitais e o ensino/aprendizagem da gramática
Authors: Cardoso Adriana , Rodrigues Ricardo Pereira , Freitas Liliana , Alves Dina Caetano
Published: December 2020

This paper presents two digital educational resources (DER), which aim at promoting the development of metalinguistic competence of students attending the 3rd grade of Primary School (age 8/9). The digital resource Laboratório Gramatical Digital: A Força das Sílabas [Digital Grammar Lab: The strength of syllables] promotes the development of metaphonological competence of students on the phonological word stress in European Portuguese. It adopts a discovery-learning approach through the implementation of a grammar laboratory (‘Grammar Lab’). The digital resource Cozinhar a Aprender [Cooking to Learn] offers a learning experience where users build their own knowledge on a specific textual genre (recipe) through the analysis of concrete examples (or models) of this textual genre. The didactic approach implemented draws upon the notion of text genre and the model of didactic sequence. These two DER aim to contribute to a paradigm shift from traditional practices towards more active and student-centered ones.
Ring Closing Methatesis Mediated Synthesis of D-Galactose Derived β-Amino Acids
Authors: Fernández Fernando , Fernández Albeto G. , Balo Rosalino , Cabanas Ramón J. , Estévez Juan C.
Published: December 2020

The first example of a new stereocontrolled synthesis of polyhydroxylated 2-aminocyclopetanecarboxylic acids from hexoses is reported. It consists of the transformation of D-galactose derivative 5 into polysubstituted cyclopentane β-amino acid derivative 12b by means of a sequence that involves a Ring Closing Metathesis of the corresponding polysubstituted 2-methylenehept-6-ene 8b, followed by a stereocontrolled aza-Michael functionalization of the first reported polysubstituted cyclopent-1-ene-1- carboxylic acid ester 10b. Preliminary studies on peptides incorporating these alicyclic - amino acids are also reported. The incorporation of β-amino acid derivative 12b into peptides is also reported.
Silent transmission of “COVID-19”: A major concern
Authors: Apoorva Mishra  , Prachet Dakshinkar  , Priyanka Multani
Published: December 2020

“Coronavirus disease 2019 “(COVID-19)” has been proclaimed as a public health exigency of global scope by “World Health Organization” and is the latest threat to universal health. Despite of manifesting imperceptible clinical symptoms, asymptomatic carriers of the disease are known to be infectious. The prevalence of “COVID-19” is rising persistently, despite meticulous global confinement and quarantine endeavors. An important element in the devastating transmissibility potential of “COVID-19” is the high titre of virus in oropharynx in the initial progression of disease. On the contrary influenza virus has low titres in upper respiratory tract than lower respiratory tract. Therefore, making the symptom-based assessment strategies less effectual in case of “SARS-CoV-2” According to recent reports, symptomless population along with the individuals with mild disease, are radical transmitters in the proliferation of “COVID-19”. The phenomenon of Viral shedding emphasizes the reasons of asymptomatic patients being rapid transmitters in “SARS-CoV-2” than “SARS-CoV-1”. The significant role of incubation span, cycle threshold values, serial interval cannot be overlooked in asymptomatic transmission. This pandemic is an absolute reminder of the existing challenge posed by the virulent pathogen on modern medicine. Thus, we intend to comprehensively elaborate various outlooks on the asymptomatic spread of “SARS-CoV-2”, including the pathophysiology, viral shedding, cycle threshold, serial interval, incubation span, herd immunity, inefficient testing, prevention and prospective treatment of “COVID-19”.
RELASI MAKNA ANTONIM VERBA BAHASA DAYAK KANAYATN KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Sulastri Septiana
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan relasi makna antonim verba dalam bahasa Dayak Kanayatn Kalimantan Barat. Kajian tersebut dibatasi hanya pada antonim mutlak, antonim hubungan, dan antonim majemuk. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan bentuk penelitian kualitatif. Data penelitian berbentuk tuturan berupa kata-kata dan kalimat bahasa Dayak Kanayatn yang mengandung relasi makna antonim, serta sumber datanya adalah tiga orang masyarakat sebagai instrument kunci utama dan dibantu oleh masyarakat. Berdasarkan analisis data, hasil penelitian ditemukan (a) antonim mutlak seperti: kata ŋeak  (menangis) dengan kata galak (tertawa), kata makatn (makan) dengan kata nocok (minum), kata tidur (tidur) dengan kata lumpat (bangun). (b) Antonim majemuk seperti: antonim hubungan seperti: kata ɲual (menjual) dengan kata mali (membeli), kata maju (maju) dengan kata mundur (mundur), kata turutn (turun) dengan kata naik (naik), kata pulakŋ (pulang) dengan kata ampus (pergi). (c) antonim majemuk seperti: kata badiri (berdiri) dengan kata duduk (duduk) dan gurikŋ  (berbaring), tidur (tidur).
TRADISI PEMAMANEN ‘PAMAN’ PADA MASYARAKAT ALAS DI ACEH TENGGARA : KAJIAN ANTROPOLINGUISTIK
Authors: Mz Mycellia Cempaka
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mendeskripsikan tradisi pemamanen ‘paman’ pada masyarakat Alas di Aceh Tenggara atau yang dikenal dengan adat Siempat pekhkakhe atau Siempat Perkara, khususnya pada tradisi Rezeki (khitanan). Juga membahas hal-hal yang berhubungan dan berkaitan dengan adat istiadat yang masih hidup dan berkembang dan  menemukan kearifan lokal pada tradisi Rezeki. Konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah konsep Antropolinguistik. Penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan mewawancarai narasumber secara langsung dan merekam. Struktur teks pada penelitian ini dianalisis menurut pragmatik dan sintaksis.
CAMPUR KODE INTERN DAN EKSTERN DALAM TUTURAN PENYIAR ACARA “PAGI-PAGI” DI SOLO RADIO FM 92.9 MHz
Authors: Aprilia Oky Yahya , Alfiyani Candra , Inderasari Elen
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang wujud campur kode pada tuturan yang dilakukan oleh penyiar Solo RadioFM di kota Surakarta. Tuturan dalam acara “Pagi-Pagi” tersebut terjadi peristiwa campur kode, baik itu campur kode intern maupun campur kode ekstern. Peralihan bahasa yang terjadi, yaitu bahasa inggris dan Jawa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah siaran radio acara “Pagi-Pagi”yang dilakukan oleh Adis dan Abas sebagai penyiar pada acara tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan bentuk dan faktor penyebab terjadinya campur kode intern dan ekstern pada tuturan penyiar radio acara “Pagi-Pagi” Solo Radio FM.  Pengumpulan data, dilakukan melalui teknik rekam, simak dan teknik catat. Kemudian penulis menganalisis jenis dan faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya campur kode dengan menggunakan analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini sebagai berikut , pertama adalah bentuk campur kode beserta faktor penyebab terjadinya campur kode. Bentuk-bentuk campur kode yang ditemukan meliptin campur kode intern dan ekstern. Campur kode intern berupa campur kode dari bahasa Indonesia dengan bahasa Jawa dialek Solo dan campur kode ekstern yang ditemukan berupa campur kode bahasa Indonesia dengan bahasa Inggris. Datatentang campur kode baik campur kode intern dan campur kode ekstern dalam tuturan penyiar acara “Pagi-Pagi” Solo Radio FM ditemukan 66 peristiwa campur kode, yaitu 33 dalam bentuk kata baik itu campur kode intern dan ekstern, 12 berbentuk Frasa,  5 berbentuk baster, 6 berbentuk pengulangan kata, 10 berbentuk klausa.
Pilihan dan Sikap Bahasa Masyarakat di Perbatasan Indonesia dan Timor Leste
Authors: Mukhamdanah NFN , Handayani Retno
Published: December 2020

The border community in Malacca Regency, East Nusa Tenggara consists of two groups of people, namely indigenous groups who have lived for a long time and groups of people who choose to join the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The existence of social contact by people who live in border areas certainly leads to language contact which allows them to choose a language to communicate. The purpose of this study was to determine the tendency of language choices and attitudes of the RI-RDTL border communities, namely what languages are actively used by border communities and how the attitudes of the community's language towards regional languages, Indonesian, foreign languages, and languages of neighboring countries. This research uses quantitative and qualitative research methods. Data analysis on language use was associated with language choice by the community. A language that is actively used indicates that the language is chosen by the speaker. The results show that Indonesian is the language chosen and most actively used in border areas and the language attitude of the border community towards Indonesian is still very positive compared to regional languages, foreign languages, and languages of neighboring countries. AbstrakMasyarakat perbatasan yang berada di Kabupaten Malaka, Nusa Tenggara Timur terdiri atas dua kelompok masyarakat, yaitu kelompok masyarakat asli yang telah lama menetap dan kelompok masyarakat yang memilih bergabung ke dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Adanya kontak sosial oleh masyarakat yang menetap di wilayah perbatasan tentunya menyebabkan terjadinya kontak bahasa yang memungkinkan mereka untuk memilih suatu bahasa dalam berkomunikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kecenderungan pilihan dan sikap bahasa masyarakat perbatasan RI-RDTL, yaitu bahasa apa yang aktif digunakan oleh masyarakat perbatasan dan bagaimana sikap bahasa masyarakat terhadap bahasa daerah, bahasa Indonesia, bahasa asing, dan bahasa negara tetangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis data pada penggunaan bahasa dikaitkan dengan pilihan bahasa oleh masyarakat. Suatu bahasa yang aktif digunakan menandakan bahwa bahasa itu dipilih oleh penutur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Indonesia menjadi bahasa yang dipilih dan paling aktif digunakan di wilayah perbatasan dan sikap bahasa masyarakat perbatasan terhadap bahasa Indonesia masih sangat positif dibandingkan dengan bahasa daerah, bahasa asing, dan bahasa negara tetangga.
INTERTEKSTUALITAS SAJAK “KAMPUNG” DAN CERPEN “DILARANG MENYANYI DI KAMAR MANDI” DALAM PERSPEKTIF POSMODERNISME
Authors: Suyatno Suyono , Susamto Dina Amalia
Published: December 2020

This study aims to discover the intertextuality of the poem "Kampung" by Subagio Sastrowardojo and the short story "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The problem discussed is the realization of the short story text of "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" as a postmodernist work seen in its aesthetic tool. The theoretical framework applied in this paper is intertextuality and postmodernism, while the method used is a qualitative method with a hermeneutic approach. The result of this study shows that "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" in fact substantially confirms the hypnogram,  the problem of the individual conflict with the social environment. However, in a postmodernist style "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" demonstrates resistance to the former aesthetics or its hypogram and utilizes intertextuality by means of pastiche, kitsch, schizophrenia, and parody to express the poetic. In addition, the short story has also shifted the perspective differently than its hypogram by displaying the female protagonist as a victim of gender bias thus, it  has a feminist atmosphere, while the hypogram represents lyrical characters identical to men. The last point is appropriate with the postmodernist obsession to voice the minorities and oppressed, including those who are marginalized.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap intertekstualitas sajak “Kampung” karya Subagio Sastrowardojo dan cerpen “Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi” karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma. Masalah yang dibahas ialah bagaimana cerpen “Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi” sebagai cerpen posmodernis merealisasikan intertekstualitas sebagai puitika/sarana estetika posmodernis? Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah teori intertekstualitas dan posmodernisme. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan hermeneutik. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa cerpen “Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi”, dari sisi substansi mengukuhkan hipogramnya, yakni masalah konflik individu dengan lingkungan sosialnya. Namun, sebagai cerpen posmodernis, “Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi” melakukan “perlawanan” terhadap estetika hipogramnya dan memanfaatkan intertekstualitas dengan sarana pastiche, kitsch, skizofrenia, dan parodi untuk mewujudkan puitikanya. Selain itu, cerpen tersebut juga telah melakukan pergeseran perspektif terhadap hipogramnya dengan menampilkan protagonis perempuan sebagai seorang korban bias gender sehingga cerpen ini beratmosfer feminis, sementara hipogramnya merepresentasikan tokoh lirik yang identik dengan laki-laki.  Hal terakhir ini sejalan dengan obsesi kaum posmodernis untuk menyuarakan pembelaan terhadap kaum minoritas dan tertindas, termasuk mereka yang tersisih secara gender.
THE ACCURACY TRANSLATION OF ATTITUDE IN MAIN CHARACTER AT ANIMAL FARM NOVEL
Authors: Iswandi Fedro , Nababan M.R. , Djatmika NFN
Published: December 2020

A translator has an important role to transfer messages from a source language into a target language accurately. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the translation accuracy of words, phrases, and clauses that accommodate attitude in two translators by using a systemic functional linguistics approach. The research used descriptive qualitative and comparative study. The data are words, phrases, and clauses that accommodate attitude. Then, the data were obtained through document analysis, focus group discussion. Next, data is analyzed with analysis of domain, taxonomic, componential, and cultural themes. The result shows that Bakdi used ten techniques; established equivalent, modulation, transposition, discursive creation, adaptation, generalization, implicit, reduction, explicit, and literal. Meanwhile, Mahbub used twelve techniques; established equivalent, modulation, discursive creation, generalization, amplification, variation, literal, explicit, reduction, transposition, particularization, description, etc. The last, accuracy in Bakdi is better than Mahbub. It can be influenced by some factors; the choosing of translation techniques, translator background, and context of a situation.Seorang penerjemah memiliki peran penting untuk menerjemahkan pesan dari bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran dengan akurat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis derajat keakuratan terjemahan kata, frasa dan klausa yang mengakomodasi sikap pada dua penerjemah dengan pendekatan linguistik sistemik fungsional. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dan studi perbandingan. Data berupa kata, frasa dan klausa yang mengakomodasi sikap. Lalu, data diperoleh melalui analisis dokumen, focus group discussion. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis dengan analisis domain, taksonomi, komponensial dan tema budaya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Bakdi menggunakan 10 teknik penerjemahan; padanan lazim, modulasi, transposisi, kreasi diskursif, adaptasi, generalisasi, implisitasi, reduksi, eksplisitasi dan harfiah. Sementara, Mahbub menggunakan 12 teknik; padanan lazim, modulasi, kreasi diskursif, generalisasi, amplifikasi, variasi, harfiah, eksplisitasi, reduksi, transposisi, partikularisasi dan deskripsi. Terakhir, derajat keakuratan Bakdi lebih bagus dibandingkan Mahbub. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti pemilihan teknik penerjemahan, latarbelakang penerjemah dan konteks situasi.
SEJARAH REFORMASI INDONESIA DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI TELEPON GENGGAM KARYA JOKO PINURBO
Authors: Sahidillah Muhammad Wildan , Suwandi Sarwiji , Anindyarini Atikah
Published: December 2020

This research aims to describe the history of Indonesian reform in the collection of Telepon Genggam poems by Joko Pinurbo. The dark history of reform needs to be reminded to everyone, to remind that Indonesia has a dark history of humanity, the Trisakti Tragedy. The May 1998 Trisakti Tragedy is a dark history that cannot be forgotten by Indonesian people. This research is included in a qualitative descriptive study. Data and data sources of this research are a collection of poems by Joko Pinurbo entitled Telepon Genggam. The data analysis technique used is the content analysis technique. Listen note is a technique used for data collection techniques. The results of research on the history of Indonesian reform, namely Tragedi Trisakti, in a collection of poems by Joko Pinurbo's Mobile Phone, found that there was a monetary crisis that made people uneasy because of the soaring prices of basic necessities. In addition, there were demonstrations by students and activists which resulted in many casualties, looting and rape of ethnic Chinese, and the kidnapping and disappearance of activists and students.Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sejarah kelam reformasi Indonesia dalam kumpulan puisi Telepon Genggam karya Joko Pinurbo. Sejarah kelam reformasi sangat perlu diingatkan untuk semua orang, untuk mengingatkan bahwa Indonesia mempunyai sejarah kemanusiaan yang kelam, yaitu Tragedi Trisakti. Tragedi Trisakti Mei 1998 merupakan sejarah kelam yang tidak bisa dilupakan oleh bangsa Indonesia. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dan sumber data penelitian ini adalah kumpulan puisi karya Joko Pinurbo yang berjudul Telepon Genggam. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis isi. Simak catat adalah teknik yang digunakan untuk teknik pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian mengenai sejarah reformasi Indonesia, yaitu Tragedi Trisakti, pada kumpulan puisi Telepon Genggam karya Joko Pinurbo ditemukan bahwa adanya krisis moneter yang membuat rakyat menjadi resah karena harga kebutuhan pokok yang melambung tinggi. Selain itu, ada juga demonstrasi para mahasiswa dan aktivis yang menyebabkan banyak korban berjatuhan, penjarahan dan perkosaan terhadap etnis Tionghoa, dan penculikan dan penghilangan aktivis dan mahasiswa.
Nonlinear growth dynamics of date palms responding to environmental parameters
Authors: Magero E.J. , Unami K. , Mohawesh O. , Yamaguchi M. , Fujihara M.
Published: December 2020

Scientific analysis of plant growth helps in improving the efficiency of cultivation
practices through optimization of their environmental conditions. The ultimate aim of this
research was to derive an optimal policy for better growth of date palms by considering its
dynamical response to environmental parameters such as solar radiation, soil moisture,
and temperature. Field experiments were conducted at an irrigation scheme located in the
Jordan Rift Valley. A drip irrigation system is installed to water ten trees of date palms
either with fresh or saline water depending on the soil matric potential. The circumference
of the trunk of a tree was measured using a dendrometer at 30 mins interval and recorded
in a data logger. Environmental parameters including the soil matric potential, solar
radiation, and soil temperature were also logged every 30 mins. This study focused on
determining a nonlinear model representing the growth dynamics of the date palm tree
responding to those environmental parameters. The linear regression was applied to
estimate the kernel coefficients of discrete Volterra series modeling the time series. The
non-linearity of the model is expected to explain diurnal shrinkage and swelling of the tree
trunk under different environmental conditions.
The effects of pretreatment and ripening stage on nutrient content and antioxidant properties of Lepisanthes fruticosa whole fruit powder
Authors: M. Tun Norbrillinda , I. Norra , H. Hasri , Helmi M.M.A.
Published: December 2020

The study on the effect of pretreatment (blanch and steam) and ripening stage (ripe and
unripe) on nutrient content and antioxidant potential of Lepisanthes fruticosa whole fruit
powder was carried out with the purpose to develop a potential functional ingredient. The
results showed that blanching and steaming have significantly affected (p<0.05) the fat
content, vitamin C, total anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity of L. fruticosa
whole fruit powder regardless ripening stage. Both pretreatments could increase the
vitamin C content, but blanching treatment alone was observed has lowered the fat content
and enhanced the antioxidant activity (EC50). Moreover, the ripe L. fruticosa whole fruit
powder that has undergone blanching treatment showed higher retention of total
anthocyanins content. However, higher retention of total anthocyanin content was
observed in the steamed sample of the unripe stage. Upon ripening, protein and ash
content were decreased, contrarily with carbohydrate and vitamin C content. Vitamin C
content in the ripe sample showed an increment of more than 80% than that of the unripe
sample. Meanwhile, antioxidant activity in the unripe sample showed higher activity than
that of the ripe sample, although both stages showed EC50 values ≤ 1 mg/mL. These
results might be important for establishing a functional ingredient made with L. fruticosa
whole fruit.
Energy audit of rice production in West Sumatra province, Indonesia
Authors: Putri R.E. , Lubis M.I.A. , Andasuryani  , Hasan A. , Santosa  , Arlius F.
Published: December 2020

Audit energy is an appropriate method to determine the energy consumption expended in
each agricultural cultivation activity, thereby reducing the wasteful use of energy. Energy
consumption in rice cultivations consists of humans, fuel, machinery, seed, fertilizer and
pesticides. The objective of the study was to analyze the total energy consumptions in the
form of an energy audit activity on lowland rice cultivation in West Sumatera Indonesia. It
is important to do, because of much energy input excessed, but less on productivity. So,
by using analysis energy expenditure, productivity can be optimized with fixed input
energy the costs could be minimized. Energy inputs were measured during all operating
activities in rice cultivation (seeding, tillage, planting, fertilizing, spraying, weeding and
harvesting). Energy input analysis based on energy sources used was divided into six
parameters, namely: engine energy, fuel, humans, seeds, chemicals (pesticides) and
fertilizer energy. The result showed the average of the total energy inputs in this study was
16,816,612 MJ/ha distributed to human, fuel, machinery, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides
energy respectively 216.39; 890.75; 60.02; 983.29; 14,207.54; and 458.60 MJ/ha.
Production costs incurred in rice cultivation activities in this study were IDR 13,107,562/
ha. Finally, the rice yield prediction model based on the input energy are Y1 = 4786.56 –
28.29X1 + 36.23X2 - 24.73X3 - 8.43X4 + 0.06X5 - 0.80X6 and Y2 = 3605.11 + 5.44X2. The
data of total energy were needed as a recommendation for the government to balance
energy input and output on rice cultivations.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction and gaseous ozone as preservation method for Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) fruit juice
Authors: Shah N.N.A.K. , Ong M.C. , Supian N.M.A. , Sulaiman A.
Published: December 2020

Ultrasound extraction and ozone treatment are promising non-thermal hurdle technologies
which can increase the extraction yield while minimizing the loss of nutritional qualities
of Roselle fruit juice. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the
effect of ultrasound time and temperature on juice yield. The optimized points were found
at 4.4 min and 22°C, where the extraction yield of the Roselle fruit juice achieved a
maximum of 80%, 12% higher than the control sample without ultrasound treatment.
Roselle fruit juice (unfiltered and filtered) was then ozone-treated with processing variable
of treatment time (0–30 mins). The effects of processing variables on physicochemical
characteristics of Roselle fruit juice were determined and no significant differences
(P>0.05) in pH and titratable acidity (TA) were observed. However, significant effect
(P<0.05) was found in total colour difference (TCD), ascorbic acid (AA), total phenolic
content (TPC), and total anthocyanin content (TAC) with increased ozone treatment time.
Nevertheless, the degradation of AA was less than 50%, which showed that ozone has the
potential to retain a high amount of AA in Roselle fruit juice. Thus, the synergistic effects
of ultrasound and ozone treatment on Roselle fruit juice should be carefully considered by
processors prior to its adoption as a preservation technique.
Review on palm oil contaminants related to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-
MCPD) and glycidyl esters (GE)
Authors: Sulin S.N. , Mokhtar M.N. , Mohammed M.A.P. , Baharuddin A.S.
Published: December 2020

The issue of food safety is a major concern in the oil palm industry as it will affect
national income. 3-MCPD and GE are contaminants formed during the refining of palm
oil, mainly in the deodorization step. Palm oil was reported to contain one of the highest
levels of these contaminants amongst all vegetable oils. Both 3-MCPD and GE are
characterized as a possible risk to human health. This review aimed to provide a
comprehensive summary of the 3-MCPD and GE precursors and mitigation strategies to
minimize the 3-MCPD and GE formation. Therefore, the oil palm industry should address
these issues and find ways to comply with food laws, acts, regulations, and standards
enforced by local and international authorities.
АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИКОЙ СССР КАК ПРООБРАЗЫ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ СИТУАЦИОННЫХ ЦЕНТРОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Абрамов Владимир Иванович , Евдокимов Дмитрий Сергеевич
Published: December 2020

Цель работы. Статья посвящена анализу истории становления автоматизированных систем управления экономикой в советский период, а также оценке возможности внедрения принципов функционирования АСУ в систему распределенных ситуационных центров, работающих по единому регламенту взаимодействия. Методология. В работе использованы общенаучные методы: экономический анализ, экспертные оценки, синтез, дедукция, индукция, аналогия, моделирование, классификация, исторический и логический анализ. Результаты. Цифровая реальность современных автоматизированных систем управления (АСУ) позволяет оценить огромный вклад советских научных работников, поскольку идеи по созданию подобных систем и первые разработки в этой области начали формироваться уже в 1960-е гг. Внедрение таких АСУ на предприятиях народного хозяйства СССР и предприятиях военно-промышленного комплекса положили начало грандиозному проекту – компьютеризации всей страны. С помощью ЭВМ (электронно-вычислительной машины) были сформированы первые автоматизированные системы управления предприятиями (АСУП), некоторые из которых впоследствии были объединены в крупные АСУ. На смену им пришли созданные на их базе ситуационные центры (СЦ). Их ключевой задачей является моделирование предметной области, для которой они создавались. В перспективе ситуационные центры предполагается объединить в единую структуру для непрерывного получения информации и мониторинга в режиме реального времени из любой точки страны. Все современные СЦ являются сложными высокотехнологическими объектами, а объединение их в одну единую систему уже выдвигалось в 1960-е гг. в проекте В.М. Глушкова под названием ОГАС. Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены для дальнейших исследований в области автоматизированных систем управления, а также при в рамках реализации утвержденной правительством стратегии по развитию «цифровой экономики». Выводы. Объединение системы распределенных ситуационных центров в единое информационное ядро с головным центром позволит обеспечить большую мобильность и оперативность обмена информации, повысит качество обработки информации, позволит принимать оптимальные решения с имеющимся набором входных данных. Ситуационные центры для Российской Федерации имеют стратегическую значимость – военную, политическую и экономическую. Учет ошибок, сделанных в 1960-е гг. при внедрении проектов АСУ, направленных на компьютеризацию страны, позволит более полно раскрыть потенциал ситуационных центров в процессе государственного управления.
Cueva, Árbol, Fuente. El lenguaje y las necesidades del cuerpo humano en el pensamiento de Adam Smith
Authors: López Lloret Jorge
Published: December 2020

Entre 1748 y 1764 Adam Smith definió un proyecto filosófico global y coherente que no llegó a publicar en su integridad. La teoría de los sentimientos morales y La riqueza de las naciones deben interpretarse como partes de este que sí llegaron a publicarse. El presente artículo presenta como núcleos vertebradores de dicho proyecto la teoría smithiana del origen del lenguaje y su visión del cuerpo humano como constitutivamente débil y sofisticado. Ambos se hallan en la base del proceso histórico de socialización que, según Smith, fue a la vez, de una manera no problemática, semiótico y económico. Finalmente, reflexiona sobre el interés de esto para la interpretación de Smith como un igualitarista no tan centrado en el mercado y, a partir de aquí, para nuestra visión de nosotros mismos como seres carenciales que deben ampliar sus vínculos sociales todo lo que puedan, pues nos necesitamos.
Marxismo y ateísmo. Recuperando el debate
Authors: Felip Lopez-Espinosa Luis
Published: December 2020

El marxismo se suele identificar con un rechazo sin matices de la religión. Dos publicaciones recientes afrontan esta simplificación: El dispositivo Karl Marx, de Juan Manuel Aragüés, y la recopilación de textos de Marx Sobre la religión, con estudio preliminar de Reyes Mate y José A. Zamora. En esta nota vamos a hacer una lectura cruzada de dichos trabajos. Pretendemos revitalizar el problema del ateísmo no sólo desde las contribuciones más recientes, sino también retornando a los textos de Marx. Contra las simplificaciones, el ateísmo teórico de Marx debe entenderse a partir de su concepción materialista de la historia, compatible con el humanismo práctico de quienes compartan el propósito de una política emancipatoria.
Ontología Orientada a Objetos: una nueva teoría de todo
Authors: Jiménez Morales Luis Alberto
Published: December 2020

Reseña: Graham Harman (2018). Object-Oriented Ontology: A New Theory of Everything. Great Britain: Penguin Books. 295 páginas.

La Ontología Orientada a Objetos es relativamente una nueva corriente dentro de los problemas contemporáneos de la filosofía. Uno de sus principales exponentes es el filósofo norteamericano Graham Harman. Para comprender la filosofía de Harman, es necesario determinar cuál es el problema fundamental que le preocupa. Su propuesta se articula como un diálogo crítico con las ciencias naturales y con las implicaciones de la filosofía moderna y contemporánea. El objetivo de esta reseña es uno de sus más recientes trabajos: Object-Oriented Ontology: A New Theory of Everything, que apareció en Penguin Books en 2018
Los cínicos
Authors: Baquero Gotor Adrián
Published: December 2020

Reseña bibliográfica sobre la reciente publicación (febrero de 2020) de una reedición de la traducción al castellano del libro Los cínicos, de Bracht Branham y Goulet-Cazé (Eds.). Esta obra se compone de quince artículos de diversos especialistas sobre la escuela cínica y su legado posterior, una obra imprescindible para cualquier investigador o curioso contemporáneo del cinismo.
Una aproximación crítica a la teoría de la aceleración de Hartmut Rosa
Authors: Duerto Porquet Paula
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo analiza críticamente las ideas fundamentales de la teoría de la aceleración social expuesta por Hartmut Rosa en Alienación y aceleración (2016). Se destaca la ausencia de un análisis del capitalismo como motor de la aceleración. Esta ausencia lastra también las alternativas a la alienación que Rosa propone en Resonancia (2019).

Palabras clave: Hartmut Rosa, alienación, aceleración, resonancia
Ética demostrada según el orden geométrico, de Baruj Spinoza
Authors: Ocaña Guzmán Federico
Published: December 2020

Reseña de: B. Spinoza (2020), Ética demostrada según el orden geométrico. Traducción y edición de Pedro Lomba. Madrid: Trotta.
Jürgen Habermas. Una biografía
Authors: Melero Monagas Iliana
Published: December 2020

Reseña de: S. Müller-Doohm (2020), Jürgen Habermas. Una biografía, Madrid: Taurus