bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KESANGGUPAN BERPRODUKSI UMKM UNTUK KERAMIK BERFOTOKATALIS PRODUK PAJANGAN DINDING DAN PAJANGAN MEJA
Authors: Normal Nyoman , Suputra Gumi Wiryawan
Published: December 2023

Photocatalyst ceramic is a product that has the potential to be developed by MSMEs when sales and income decline. Photocatalyst ceramics act as disposable, display, and functional objects. However, it is not yet known whether MSMEs are capable of producing wall displays or table displays. The purpose of this study: to determine the potential of MSMEs to produce wall display products and table displays, to examine the differences in the ability of MSMEs to produce wall display and table display products, and to disseminate photocatalyzed ceramic products as a result of BRIN's research which has the prospect of being developed by MSMEs. The research method used is: the interview method and the list of questions, the stratified purposive sampling, and the difference test of two independent samples. The results showed: 1) The biggest opportunity for MSMEs to produce photocatalytic ceramics for wall displays is Panji Ceramic, while table display products are Grazinia Ceramic; 2) There is no difference in the ability of MSMEs to produce photocatalyzed ceramics for wall displays and table displays; and 3) Photocatalyst ceramic products resulting from BRIN's research can be developed by ceramic MSMEs, including: (a) wall displays: meru motif tiles, songket motif tiles, and earthenware lamp holders; and (b) table displays: coral leaf ashtray, classic lampshade, modern lampshade, flower vase, pyramid-shaped lampshade, and ape-patterned earthenware flower pot.
WISATA LUMBA-LUMBA DI PANTAI LOVINA DESA KALIBUKBUK, KABUPATEN BULELENG (STUDI KASUS ATRAKSI LUMBA-LUMBA DI HOTEL MELKA)
Authors: Martha Purwahita Anak Agung Ayu Ribeka , Sagung Srikandi Anak Agung , Agung Budiasih I Gusti , Arka I Wayan
Published: December 2023

Dolphin tourist attraction at Lovina Beach is one of the attractions to see dolphins on the high seas which is able to attract tourists to visit, as well as being a tourist attraction in North Bali. The development of dolphin tourism attractions has been shown in the swimming pool, but the survival of the dolphins is threatened. This case study discusses the exploitation of dolphins at the Melka Excelsior Hotel. This study aims to identify and analyze problems related to the exploitation of dolphins. Dolphin tourism attractions have positive and negative impacts and follow-up is needed to enjoy safe and comfortable dolphin tourism, especially dolphin conservation. The research method used is the field observation method and literature study obtained from journals and the internet. The placement of dolphins in the pond due to conditions that are not in accordance with their natural habitat will have a direct impact on these mammals. The activity of this dolphin attraction is more directed towards exploitation so that the need for dolphin conservation for commercial purposes does not have a positive effect on the dolphins themselves and lacks attention to these mammals.
La formation des cadres musulmans en Suisse : d’un casse-tête à l’autre ?
Authors: Rota Andrea
Published: December 2023

Cette contribution explore la tension entre stagnation et innovation dans le domaine de la formation de cadres religieux et associatifs musulmans en Suisse depuis le tournant du nouveau millénaire. Dans un premier temps, elle offre une présentation synthétique de la place de l’islam dans le paysage religieux helvétique et discute quelques jalons des débats récents sur la formation des cadres musulmans. Ensuite, elle se penche sur les interactions complexes que cette thématique suscite entre différents systèmes sociaux : les médias, la politique, la formation, le droit, l’économie et la religion. Dans ce sens, l’article invite à considérer la formation des cadres musulmans comme une réalité qui s’approche d’un fait social total.
Quelle formation pour quels imams ? La formation des cadres religieux musulmans en Espagne
Authors: Moreras Jordi
Published: December 2023

Évoquer la question de la formation des imams en Espagne, c’est revenir sur un problème qui n’a pas encore été résolu. Devenus des sujets d’interrogation, voire de suspicion, la figure des imams a évolué au cours des dernières décennies, passant du portrait d’une personne « mal intégrée » dans la société espagnole à celui d’un agent actif dans les processus de radicalisation des populations musulmanes. Les initiatives de formation des imams proposées par les universités espagnoles se sont principalement attachées à offrir une formation basée sur le système juridique espagnol en matière de liberté religieuse, sur certains aspects de l’histoire du pays et sur des cours de sociologie religieuse en Espagne. Presque aucun sujet sur la doctrine islamique n’est introduit. Des propositions plus récentes recentrent la formation sur des aspects plus spécifiques de l’assistance religieuse, comme les professeurs de religion islamique, ouvrant la voie à une accréditation professionnelle et soulevant quelques défis pour l’avenir.
De l’usage de Google Earth pour une contre-cartographie critique de l’extension carcérale
Authors: de Dardel Julie , Blanc Jean-Sébastien
Published: December 2023

Cet article explore les liens entre cartographie, systèmes d’information géographique (SIG) et espaces d’enfermement. Dans une perspective de réappropriation critique des SIG, il postule que des logiciels grand public tels que Google Earth peuvent contribuer à une contre-cartographie de l’extension carcérale à l’ère contemporaine. Appliquée à la prison de Champ-Dollon (Genève, Suisse), cette approche se montre pertinente pour déconstruire et contester le mythe des petites prisons suisses à vocation « humaine ».

Les apports de la démarche contre-cartographique sont mis en évidence à plusieurs niveaux. D’un point de vue méthodologique, l’étude de cas illustre la manière dont les fonctionnalités d’exploration spatio-temporelle de Google Earth peuvent être exploitées ; en cela, l’article propose une méthode permettant d’appréhender les « circuits » carcéraux, réplicable à d’autres contextes. D’un point de vue épistémologique, elle révèle une dimension encore peu explorée du tournant punitif : celle de son encastrement dans le territoire et de sa matérialisation paysagère et architecturale. Enfin, d’un point de vue politique et transformatif, dans le sillage de Gillet al.(2018), l’article signale les potentialités des SIG comme outils de résistance à la prolifération actuelle des espaces d’enfermement.
L’aide à la décision en temps pandémique
Authors: Ménard Carolyne
Published: December 2023

La pandémie de COVID-19 a forcé les bibliothèques parlementaires à s’adapter pour continuer à remplir leur rôle auprès des décideurs publics. La Bibliothèque de l’Assemblée nationale du Québec a pris une grande importance dans la gestion de crise par son intégration à quatre cellules de veille stratégique mises en place par l’administration parlementaire pour filtrer et synthétiser les informations concernant la COVID-19. Ces cellules avaient pour objectif d’aider le comité directeur de l’Assemblée nationale à prendre des décisions éclairées. Cet article présente l’expérience de la Bibliothèque de l’Assemblée nationale au sein des cellules de veille stratégiques et souligne l’importance des bibliothèques parlementaires pour fournir des informations fiables et pertinentes aux décideurs institutionnels en période de crise.
L’Index du Journal des débats, un outil essentiel depuis 1964
Authors: Cormier Véronique , Pelletier Andréa
Published: December 2023

Depuis 1964, la Bibliothèque de l’Assemblée nationale du Québec produit un outil unique : l’Index du Journal des débats. Utilisé par diverses clientèles, il permet de repérer l’information relative aux délibérations parlementaires sous six facettes : les sujets, les participants, les projets de loi, les commissions, les mémoires et les témoignages. Tous les cahiers de séances, que ce soit en Chambre ou en commission parlementaire, sont analysés par l’équipe responsable de l’indexation. Cette dernière veille à l’uniformité des pratiques à l’aide d’outils et de logiciels spécialisés. De nombreux changements ont marqué l’Index du Journal des débats au fil des années et, à l’aube de son 60e anniversaire, l’équipe de l’indexation devra faire face à de nouveaux défis, comme l’avènement de l’intelligence artificielle.
Le projet du cadre de gouvernance de l’information de l’Assemblée nationale du
Québec
Authors: Rodrigue Julie
Published: December 2023

L’Assemblée nationale du Québec a adopté un cadre de gouvernance de l’information
pour préserver et rendre accessible les ressources informationnelles. Ce cadre vise
l’efficience organisationnelle, la transparence, l’innovation et la collaboration. Amorcé en
2021, le projet s’est concrétisé en 2023.

L’adoption du cadre de gouvernance de l’information a été perçue comme un acte
fort, reconnaissant l’information comme un actif stratégique. La gouvernance de
l’information est vitale pour le bon fonctionnement et l’efficacité des institutions
parlementaires ; elle définit les paramètres de la responsabilité et confère une légitimité
aux yeux de la société civile. La réussite de sa mise en oeuvre reposera sur la
collaboration, la transparence et l’engagement de tous, tout en tenant compte des nouvelles
réalités technologiques.

L’article souligne l’importance de la gouvernance de l’information dans les
parlements et son évolution continue nécessitant la collaboration des parties
prenantes.
ECO_CARE Midterm Conference 2023: "Sharing of the co-created results"-journey of the ECO_CARE team
Authors: Chue Muquissai Silvano , Parola Giulia , Poto Margherita Paola
Published: December 2023

This report provides an overview of the midterm ECOCARE Journey to the Chiquitano territories of Mato Grosso, a collaborative initiative coordinated by Giulia Parola and Margherita Poto, with facilitation by Silvano Chue Muquissai. The journey aimed to assess the midterm results of the ECOCARE research and education, fostering connections with various partner institutions and key individuals. Objectives included evaluating the research and educational outcomes and engaging with members from partner institutions such as professors Rodrigo Tavares (Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, UFRRJ), Giulia Parola (ECO_CARE Coordinator for Brazil and Research Fellow at the Department of Law, University of Turin), Margherita Poto (ECO_CARE Principal Investigator), and exchange students Cecília Campos (UNIRIO) and Aline Wennerstrom (UFRRJ). Additionally, the ECO_CARE midterm program developed with the Chiquitano community members, our ECO_CARE non-academic partners, were pivotal in shaping the project's direction. The journey featured diverse activities, including co-led sessions on indigenous knowledge (at Vila Nova Barbecho), major events presenting co-created project results (Vila Nova Barbecho, Aldeia Central, Aldeia Acorizal,  Terra Indígena Portal Do Encantado), field trips to river courses and waterfalls (Rio Nopetarch - Vila Nova Barbecho Tarumã River, Cachoeira do Barbado Aldeia and Fazendinha), and informal meetings with community members, teachers, family members and children. Additional external funding from EGU Public Engagement Grants 2023 facilitated the presentation of an educational toolkit to the school pupils involved in water and ocean literacy activities, integrating materials from the Ocean Senses project (Akma2, coordinated by Giuliana Panieri), to children and teachers.
Transcriptome analysis unveils the mechanisms of lipid metabolism response to grayanotoxin I stress in Spodoptera litura
Authors: Zhou Yi , Wu Yong-mei , Fan Rong , Ouyang Jiang , Zhou Xiao-long , Li Zi-bo , Janjua Muhammad Usman , Li Hai-gang , Bao Mei-hua , He Bin-sheng
Published: December 2023

Background

Spodoptera litura (tobacco caterpillar, S. litura) is a pest of great economic importance due to being a polyphagous and world-distributed agricultural pest. However, agricultural practices involving chemical pesticides have caused resistance, resurgence, and residue problems, highlighting the need for new, environmentally friendly methods to control the spread of S. litura.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the gut poisoning of grayanotoxin I, an active compound found in Pieris japonica, on S. litura, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of these effects.

Methods

S. litura was cultivated in a laboratory setting, and their survival rate, growth and development, and pupation time were recorded after grayanotoxin I treatment. RNA-Seq was utilized to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to determine the functions of these DEGs. ELISA was employed to analyze the levels of lipase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) staining was used to detect the development of the fat body.

Results

Grayanotoxin I treatment significantly suppressed the survival rate, growth and development, and pupation of S. litura. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 285 DEGs after grayanotoxin I exposure, with over 16 genes related to lipid metabolism. These 285 DEGs were enriched in the categories of cuticle development, larvae longevity, fat digestion and absorption. Grayanotoxin I treatment also inhibited the levels of FFA, lipase, and HOAD in the hemolymph of S. litura.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrated that grayanotoxin I inhibited the growth and development of S. litura. The mechanisms might, at least partly, be related to the interference of lipid synthesis, lipolysis, and fat body development. These findings provide valuable insights into a new, environmentally-friendly plant-derived insecticide, grayanotoxin I, to control the spread of S. litura.
Enhancing restoration success of rare plants in an arid-tropical climate through water-saving technologies: a case study of Scalesia affinis ssp. brachyloba in the Galapagos Islands
Authors: Plunkett Esme , Negoita Luka , Sevilla Christian , Velasco Nicolás , Jaramillo Díaz Patricia
Published: December 2023

Arid tropical archipelagos, such as the Galapagos Islands, host a high concentration of endemic plant species, many of which require restoration intervention to recover from past environmental degradation. Water-saving technologies (WSTs) have potential for hastening restoration by providing plants with additional water during the early stages of growth. However, it remains unclear whether such technologies provide an advantage for plant species of arid-tropical regions. This study examined the effect of the water-saving technology Groasis Waterboxx® (Groasis) on the rare endemic plant species Scalesia affinis ssp. brachyloba during early stages of restoration. Survival was monitored for 374 individuals planted across six sites on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos (326 with technology and 48 as controls). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the use of Groasis reduced mortality during the first two years of the seedling survival. A mixed-effect logistic regression that modelled plant survival as a function of total precipitation, maximum temperature, and WST treatment (Groasis and no-technology control) found that despite low overall survival rates, plants grown with Groasis exhibited a three-fold higher predicted survival by the end of the 3.7 year duration of the study. Finally, through a resampling method, we demonstrate that the effect of the WST treatment is not dependent on the unbalanced design typical of a restoration project framework. We conclude that water-saving technologies such as the Groasis Waterboxx® can enhance survival of rare plant species such as S. affinis ssp. brachyloba in restoration programs in arid-tropical regions.
Genomic DNA extraction optimization and validation for genome sequencing using the marine gastropod Kellet’s whelk
Authors: Daniels Benjamin N. , Nurge Jenna , Sleeper Olivia , Lee Andy , López Cataixa , Christie Mark R. , Toonen Robert J. , White Crow , Davidson Jean M.
Published: December 2023

Next-generation sequencing technologies, such as Nanopore MinION, Illumina Hiseq and Novaseq, and PacBio Sequel II, hold immense potential for advancing genomic research on non-model organisms, including the vast majority of marine species. However, application of these technologies to marine invertebrate species is often impeded by challenges in extracting and purifying their genomic DNA due to high polysaccharide content and other secondary metabolites. In this study, we help resolve this issue by developing and testing DNA extraction protocols for Kellet’s whelk (Kelletia kelletii), a subtidal gastropod with ecological and commercial importance, by comparing four DNA extraction methods commonly used in marine invertebrate studies. In our comparison of extraction methods, the Salting Out protocol was the least expensive, produced the highest DNA yields, produced consistent high DNA quality, and had low toxicity. We validated the protocol using an independent set of tissue samples, then applied it to extract high-molecular-weight (HMW) DNA from over three thousand Kellet’s whelk tissue samples. The protocol demonstrated scalability and, with added clean-up, suitability for RAD-seq, GT-seq, as well as whole genome sequencing using both long read (ONT MinION) and short read (Illumina NovaSeq) sequencing platforms. Our findings offer a robust and versatile DNA extraction and clean-up protocol for supporting genomic research on non-model marine organisms, to help mediate the under-representation of invertebrates in genomic studies.
Celecoxib treatment alleviates cerebral injury in a rat model of post-traumatic epilepsy
Authors: Chen Lei , Niu Qingsheng , Gao Caibin , Du Fang
Published: December 2023

Background

An important factor contributing to the development and occurrence of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The effects of celecoxib include inhibiting inflammatory reactions and antioxidant stress and reducing seizures, making it a potential epilepsy treatment solution.

Objective

To observe the effect of celecoxib on early epilepsy in post-traumatic epilepsy rats. Methods: Twenty-four adult healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham-operated, PTE, and celecoxib. A rat model of PTE was established by injecting ferrous chloride into the right frontal cortex. Afterward, the behavior of rats was observed and recorded. 3.0T superconducting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to describe the changes in ADC values of the brain. HE and Nissl staining were also used to detect the damage to frontal lobe neurons. Furthermore, the expression of COX-2 protein in the right frontal lobe was detected by Western blot. Moreover, the contents of IL-1 and TNF-α in the right frontal lobe were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Compared with the PTE group, the degree of seizures in rats treated with celecoxib declined dramatically (P < 0.05). Celecoxib-treated rats had significant decreases in tissue structural damage and cell death in the brain. The results of the MRI showed that celecoxib reduced the peripheral edema zone and ADC value of the cortex around the damaged area of the right frontal lobe in the celecoxib-treatment group, which was significantly decreased compared with the PTE group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, celecoxib decreased the expression of COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α in brain tissue (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

In PTE rats, celecoxib significantly reduced brain damage and effectively reduced seizures. As a result of celecoxib’s ability to inhibit inflammation, it can reduce the edema caused by injury in rat brain tissue.
Evaluation of Stigma Toward Individuals With Acne
Authors: Shields Ali , Nock Michael R. , Ly Sophia , Manjaly Priya , Mostaghimi Arash , Barbieri John S.
Published: December 2023

Importance

Little is known about the prevalence and magnitude of stigmatizing attitudes of the general public toward individuals with acne.

Objective

To explore the degree of stigma toward individuals with acne and whether these attitudes vary based on characteristics of the individuals with acne or of the survey participants.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cross-sectional internet survey study, 4 stock portraits of adults that varied in sex (male/female) and skin tone (light/dark) were digitally enhanced to have acne (mild/severe). One of these 12 images was randomly presented to survey participants, who subsequently answered questions regarding stigmatizing attitudes with respect to the pictured individual, such as desire for social distance and stereotype endorsement. The survey was administered to a convenience sample of adult respondents in the US who were volunteers on the ResearchMatch platform.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prevalence and magnitude of stigma toward individuals with acne.

Results

The survey was completed by 1357 respondents (65.7% completion rate) (mean [SD] age, 42.4 [14.3] years; 918 [67.7%] female, 439 [32.4%] male). Compared to those with no acne, for those with severe acne, participants reported less comfort being friends (adjusted coefficient [95% CI], −0.28 [−0.47 to −0.10]; P = .003), hiring (−0.33 [−0.51 to −0.15]; P < .001), having physical contact (−0.26 [−0.45 to −0.08]; P = .006), dating (−0.44 [−0.74 to −0.14]; P = .004), and posting a photograph together on social media (−0.50 [−0.70 to −0.30]; P < .001). Compared to those with no acne, participants were more likely to rate individuals with severe acne as having poor hygiene (adjusted coefficient [95% CI], −1.04 [−1.46 to −0.82]; P < .001) and being unattractive (−0.89 [−1.12 to −0.67]; P < .001), unintelligent (−0.42 [−0.63 to −0.22]; P < .001), unlikable (−0.36 [−0.56 to −0.15]; P < .001), immature (−0.52 [−0.74 to −0.30]; P < .001), and untrustworthy (−0.40 [−0.61 to −0.18]; P < .001). There was evidence that the effect size of the association of acne with desire to social distance was greater for individuals with dark skin.

Conclusions and Relevance

This survey study demonstrates that stigmatizing attitudes toward patients with acne existed across a variety of social and professional scenarios, with severe acne and acne in darker skin tone being associated with a greater degree of stigma. These findings highlight the need to identify approaches to reduce stigmatizing attitudes in the community and for adequate access to care, which might prevent negative downstream effects related to these stigmatizing attitudes.
Statins, Mortality, and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among US Veterans With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Barayev Odeya , Hawley Chelsea E. , Wellman Helen , Gerlovin Hanna , Hsu Whitney , Paik Julie M. , Mandel Ernest I. , Liu Christine K. , Djoussé Luc , Gaziano J. Michael , Gagnon David R. , Orkaby Ariela R.
Published: December 2023

Importance

There are limited data for the utility of statins for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and death in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objective

To evaluate the association of statin use with all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among US veterans older than 65 years with CKD stages 3 to 4.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used a target trial emulation design for statin initiation among veterans with moderate CKD (stages 3 or 4) using nested trials with a propensity weighting approach. Linked Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System, Medicare, and Medicaid data were used. This study considered veterans newly diagnosed with moderate CKD between 2005 and 2015 in the VA, with follow-up through December 31, 2017. Veterans were older than 65 years, within 5 years of CKD diagnosis, had no prior ASCVD or statin use, and had at least 1 clinical visit in the year prior to trial baseline. Eligibility criteria were assessed for each nested trial, and Cox proportional hazards models with bootstrapping were run. Analysis was conducted from July 2021 to October 2023.

Exposure

Statin initiation vs none.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcome was all-cause mortality; secondary outcome was time to first MACE (myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, stroke, revascularization, or mortality).

Results

Included in the analysis were 14 828 veterans. Mean (SD) age at CKD diagnosis was 76.9 (8.2) years, 14 616 (99%) were men, 10 539 (72%) White, and 2568 (17%) Black. After expanding to person-trials and assessing eligibility at each baseline, there were 151 243 person-trials (14 685 individuals) of nonstatin initiators and 2924 person-trials (2924 individuals) of statin initiators included. Propensity score adjustment via overlap weighting with nonparametric bootstrapping resulted in covariate balance, with mean (SD) follow-up of 3.6 (2.7) years. The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.97) comparing statin initiators to noninitiators. The hazard ratio for MACE was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.91-1.02). Results remained consistent in prespecified subgroup analyses.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this target trial emulation of statin initiation in US veterans older than 65 years with CKD stages 3 to 4 and no prior ASCVD, statin initiation was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality but not MACE. Results should be confirmed in a randomized clinical trial.
Anisotropic Electronic Skin for Neurofeedback
Authors: Hu Wenya , Song Dekui , Shi Xiaohu , Zhou Lichuan , Zhao Zihan , Xue Ting , Lin Xinyun , Liu Nan
Published: December 2023

Neurofeedback training based on brain rhythm is appealing for both cognitive neuroscience and disorder treatment. However, electrodes that can integrate dual functions of recording and feedback without signal compromise still lack. Herein, an anisotropic cellulose carbon sponge (CCS) electrode by tailoring conductivity through the temperature that has the dual ability to record electrophysiological signals and sense pressures as feedback is developed. The electrode is fabricated via a gradient temperature annealing on CCS, which involves lower (300 °C) and higher (1000 °C) temperature treatments, namely CCS‐LT and CCS‐HT. CCS‐LT exhibits perpendicular resilience to the alignment direction of CCS, and CCS‐HT possesses lower sheet resistance (≈13 Ω sq−1) parallel to the alignment direction. As a pressure sensor, CCS‐LT can achieve excellent sensitivity (1.04 kPa−1), fast response time (27 ms), and reliable stability for 1000 cycles. CCS‐HT can serve as skin electrodes for electrophysiological sensing. The anisotropic functionality of annealed CCS allows it to be used in one sensing and regulation closed‐loop system driven by nerves, achieving accurate acquisition of human brain rhythm and machine movement information simultaneously. This not only helps rapid tracking of brain activity but also facilitates feedback regulation to enhance human brain function, having great potential applications in neurofeedback and disease rehabilitation.
Liquid Metal‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells: In Situ Formed Gallium Oxide Interlayer Improves Stability and Efficiency
Authors: Kim Ji‐Hye , Kim Dong‐Hyeok , Park Nam‐Gyu , Ko Min Jae , Cho Jiung , Koo Hyung‐Jun
Published: December 2023

In this study, eutectic gallium–indium alloy (EGaIn) liquid metal is used as the rear electrode for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), where the interfacial properties of the device, particularly the beneficial roles of the surface oxide of the liquid metal, are explored. The findings demonstrate that the native oxide of the EGaIn electrode significantly affects the stability of photovoltaic performance and impedance characteristics including series and shunt resistances. Based on the results, the following hypothesis is formulated: the oxide interlayer serves two crucial functions of a barrier against metal diffusion and a tunnel for enhancing charge extraction and transfer. The results of elemental mapping and trap density calculation support the former function of the hypothesis that the oxide film can effectively prevent metal penetration into the perovskite layer. Furthermore, measurements involving capacitance−voltage and time‐resolved photoluminescence confirm that the oxide film on the liquid metal eliminates the interfacial Schottky barrier, promoting efficient charge extraction and transfer processes. Finally, the investigation is extended to develop flexible PSCs using the EGaIn electrode, which consistently exhibits stable performance during repeated bending cycles. Notably, the EGaIn rear electrode can be readily removed and collected through a straightforward acid treatment, offering a promising avenue for efficient cell recycling.
Robust Synthesis of Large‐Area PtSe2 Microbelts by Step‐Induced Separation Growth on Au(001) Substrate for The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Meng Si , Yang Yang , Dai Xinyue , Tang Yue , He Mengfei , Gu Yiru , Jiang Ruibin , Ding Feng , Xu Hua
Published: December 2023

Platinum selenide (PtSe2), an emerging 2D material, has attracted extensive attention owing to its wide‐tunable bandgap and ultrahigh conductivity for potential applications in optoelectronic and energy devices. However, the preparation of atomically thin PtSe2 remains a big challenge due to its large formation energy. Herein, the robust synthesis of large‐area ultrathin PtSe2 microbelts via a step‐induced separation growth strategy on Au(001) substrate is demonstrated. Thanks to the high controllability of this approach, the continuous modulation of the thickness of PtSe2 microbelts from monolayer to bulk is realized and the sample coverage from ≈5% to ≈100% by coordinately tuning the growth temperature and time. Theory calculations indicate that the significant reduction of formation energy of PtSe2 nucleation at the Au steps, along with the high‐efficiency separation‐supply of Pt precursor, are responsible for the robust synthesis of PtSe2. Owing to the rich‐edges with abundant active sites and metallic conduction features of ultrathin PtSe2 microbelt, it can act as an excellent electrocatalyst, featured with a record high hydrogen evolution reaction efficiency (Tafel slope: 37 mV dec−1). This work provides new insights into the highly efficient synthesis of large‐scale 2D materials for exploring their unique physics and fascinating applications.
Ferroelectric‐Photocatalysts for Degradation of Phthalate: Doped BiFeO3‐Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites
Authors: Dubey Astita , Shoaib Mohd. , Ali Muntjeer , Kazmi Absar A. , Dutta Raj K. , Castillo Marianela Escobar , Shvartsman Vladimir V. , Lupascu Doru C.
Published: December 2023

A complete photocatalytic degradation of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) using ferroelectric doped‐bismuth ferrite‐ (BiFeO3; BFO) graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites is achieved. The local ferroelectric properties of doped BFO photocatalysts supported onto GO is well‐utilized for photodegradation of pollutant. A complete photodegradation of DBP under ultraviolet light irradiation is achieved within 2.5 h, traced by gas chromatography. The best photocatalytic activity of Bi0.95Ag0.05Fe0.95Mn0.05O3‐GO (ABMGO) nanocomposite is attributed to its large intrinsic local ferroelectric polarization, which suppresses the recombination of photoinduced charge carriers and the presence of Ag+ and Mn4+ as new active sites on the large surface of ABMGO speeds up the photodegradation of DBP. The possible mechanism of photodegradation of DBP is presented using mass spectrometry includes several intermediate products; phthalic acid, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, and hydroquinone and 3‐methyl butyric acid which are harmless for the environment compared to DBP.
Probing the Intrinsic Strain in Suspended Graphene Films Using Electron and Optical Microscopy
Authors: Thodkar Kishan , Plodinec Milivoj , Gramm Fabian , Kunze Karsten
Published: December 2023

Quantifying the intrinsic properties of 2D materials is of paramount importance for advancing their applications. Large‐scale production of 2D materials merits the need for approaches that provide direct information about the role of growth substrate on 2D material properties. Transferring the 2D material from its growth substrates can modify the intrinsic properties of the asgrown 2D material. In this study, suspended chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene films are prepared directly on their growth substrates in a high‐density grid array. The approach facilitates the quantification of intrinsic strain and doping in suspended CVD graphene films. To achieve this, transmission electron microscopy and large‐area Raman mapping are employed. Remarkably, the analysis reveals consistent patterns of compressive strain (≈−0.2%) both in the diffraction patterns and Raman maps obtained from these suspended graphene films. By conducting investigations directly on the growth substrates, the potential influences introduced during the transfer process are circumvented effectively. Consequently, the methodology offers a robust and reliable means of studying the intrinsic properties of 2D materials in their authentic form, uninfluenced by the transfer‐induced alterations that may skew the interpretation of their properties.
Defect Synergistic Regulations of Li&Na Co‐Doped Flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells Achieving over 10% Certified Efficiency
Authors: Sun Quanzhen , Shi Chen , Xie Weihao , Li Yifan , Zhang Caixia , Wu Jionghua , Zheng Qiao , Deng Hui , Cheng Shuying
Published: December 2023

Ion doping is an effective strategy for achieving high‐performance flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells by defect regulations. Here, a Li&Na co‐doped strategy is applied to synergistically regulate defects in CZTSSe bulks. The quality absorbers with the uniformly distributed Li and Na elements are obtained using the solution method, where the acetates (LiAc and NaAc) are as additives. The concentration of the harmful CuZn anti‐site defects is decreased by 8.13% after Li incorporation, and that of the benign NaZn defects is increased by 36.91% after Na incorporation. Synergistic Li&Na co‐doping enhances the carrier concentration and reduces the interfacial defects concentration by one order of magnitude. As a result, the flexible CZTSSe solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.53% with certified 10.12%. Because of the high PCE and the homogeneous property, the Li&Na co‐doped device is fabricated to a large area (2.38 cm2) and obtains 9.41% PCE. The co‐doping investigation to synergistically regulate defects provides a new perspective for efficient flexible CZTSSe solar cells.
Multimodal Locomotion: Next Generation Aerial–Terrestrial Mobile Robotics
Authors: Ramirez Jane Pauline , Hamaza Salua
Published: December 2023

Mobile robots have revolutionized the public and private sectors for transportation, exploration, and search and rescue. Efficient energy consumption and robust environmental interaction needed for complex tasks can be achieved in aerial–terrestrial robots by combining advantages of each locomotion mode. This review surveys over two decades of development in multimodal robots that move on the ground and in air. Multimodality can be achieved by leveraging three main design approaches: adding morphological features, adapting forms for locomotion transitions, and integrating multiple vehicle platforms. Each classification is thoroughly examined and synthesized, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The authors delved into the intricacies of these approaches and explored the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in pursuit of the next generation of mobile robots. This review aims to advance future deployment of multimodal robots in the real world for challenging operations in dangerous, unstructured, contact‐prone, cluttered and subterranean environments.
4‐Aryl‐1H‐isochromenes Synthesis from Triol Derivatives through Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Pinacol Rearrangement/Intramolecular Cyclization Sequence
Authors: Ieawsuwan Winai , Limjirawatthana Suphaporn , Ploypradith Poonsakdi , Ruchirawat Somsak
Published: December 2023

4‐Aryl‐1H‐isochromene derivatives have been successfully synthesized by Brønsted acid‐catalyzed pinacol rearrangement/intramolecular cyclization of the substituted 1‐(2‐(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)‐2‐arylethane‐1,2‐diols. The reaction generally proceeded with low catalyst loading of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (5 mol%) for short reaction times (10‐20 min) to furnish the desired 4‐aryl‐1H‐isochromenes which were subsequently hydrogenated to 4‐aryl‐isochromans with up to 90 % yield. Moreover, oxidation of the resulting 4‐aryl‐isochroman provided the desired 4‐aryl‐isochroman‐1‐one in good yield.
Enhanced Light‐Harvesting and Energy Transfer in Carbon Dots Embedded Thylakoids for Photonic Hybrid Capacitor Applications
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Yixin , Wang Bingzhe , Lu Kaixin , Cai Wenxiao , Lin Junjie , Huang Xiaoman , Zhang Haoran , Zhang Xuejie , Liu Yingliang , Liang Yeru , Lei Bingfu , Qu Songnan
Published: December 2023

Nanohybrid photosystems have advantages in converting solar energy into electricity, while natural photosystems based solar‐powered energy‐storage device is still under developed. Here, we fabricate a new kind of photo‐rechargeable zinc‐ion hybrid capacitor (ZHC) benefiting from light‐harvesting carbon dots (CDs) and natural thylakoids for realizing solar energy harvesting and storage simultaneously. Under solar light irradiation, the embedded CDs in thylakoids (CDs/Thy) can convert the less absorbed green light into highly absorbed red light for thylakoids, besides, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CDs and Thy also occurs, which facilitates the photoelectrons generation during thylakoids photosynthesis, thereby resulting in 6‐fold photocurrent output in CDs/Thy hybrid photosystem, compared to pristine thylakoids. Using CDs/Thy as the photocathode in ZHCs, the photonic hybrid capacitor shows photoelectric conversion and storage features. CDs can improve the photo‐charging voltage response of ZHCs to ≈1.2 V with a remarkable capacitance enhancement of 144 % under solar light. This study provides a promising strategy for designing plant‐based photonic and electric device for solar energy harvesting and storage.
Bayonne's P3 Concession Model: Effective Water System Management and Investment
Authors: Correll Donald , Joyner John E. , Sugarman Daniel
Published: December 2023

Key Takeaways

Combining operational expertise with a consistent infusion of capital investment creates a more efficient, resilient, and environmentally sound water system.

In New Jersey, the operational savings provided by Bayonne's public–private partnership concession model have offset rising capital costs and have helped keep rate increases low.

The concession model offers former municipal employees more professional development, enhanced career opportunities, and a safer working environment.
Regulating Excited States by Varying Different Acceptors of D‐π‐A Emitters for Efficient Non‐Doped Blue Electroluminescence with High Luminance and Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Qiu Xu , Ji Ying , Ma Chenglin , Liu Xinyong , Li Jingwei , Zhou Jiadong , Xue Shanfeng
Published: December 2023

Chromophores with hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) excited state are promising for the realization of high performance blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The rational manipulation of HLCT excited state for efficient emitters remains challenging. Herein, we present three donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) molecules (mPAN, mPANPH, and mPNAPH) with phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole (PI) and pyridinyl as donor and π‐bridge respectively. Changes in various kinds of polycyclic aromatic derivative acceptors (anthracene, 9‐phenylanthracene, and 1‐phenylnaphthalene) could manipulate the excited states and optoelectronic properties. Theoretical calculations reveal that the S1 state of mPNAPH exhibits HLCT nature while the other two molecules show local excited (LE) state dominated feature. The photophysical properties also demonstrate this characteristic. Therefore, compared with mPAN and mPANPH, mPNAPH has higher photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) whether in solutions or neat films. Ultimately, the non‐doped devices based on these emitters show high luminance larger than 35000 cd m−2, and high maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmaxs) larger than 5 % with low efficiency roll‐off. In particular, the mPNAPH‐based device displays an excellent performance of pure blue emission at 456 nm with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinate of (0.15, 0.16) and EQEmax of 6.13 % that benefited from the HLCT state and high‐lying reverse intersystem crossing process.
Impact of diagnosis‐to‐ablation time on clinical outcomes in patients with early‐onset atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhou Le , Kong Yu , Sang Caihua , Xia Shijun , Jiang Chao , He Liu , Guo Xueyuan , Wang Wei , Li Songnan , Jiang Chenxi , Liu Nian , Tang Ribo , Long Deyong , Du Xin , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng
Published: December 2023

Background

Evidence was lacking for the early choice of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) among patients with early‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF).

Hypothesis

This study aimed to explore whether earlier RFA was associated with better clinical outcomes among early‐onset AF patients.

Methods

Patients, who were diagnosed with AF before 45 years and underwent their first RFA procedures at baseline of the China Atrial Fibrillation registry, were enrolled and divided into four diagnosis‐to‐ablation time (DAT) groups: DAT ≤ 1 year, 1 year < DAT ≤ 3 years, 3 years < DAT ≤ 6 years, and DAT > 6 years. Another group of nonablation patients, who were newly diagnosed with AF and younger than 45 years, were also included. Adjusted associations of groups with composite cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, embolism, major hemorrhages, or cardiac rehospitalization) or recurrent AF were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Among 1694 patients who underwent their first RFA at enrollment, incidences of composite cardiovascular outcomes were increasing with extension of DAT (DAT ≤ 1 year: 6.1/100 person‐years, 1 year < DAT ≤ 3 years: 7.9/100 person‐years, 3 years < DAT ≤ 6 years: 7.6/100 person‐years, DAT > 6 years: 10.5/100 person‐years; p < .001). In comparison with DAT > 6 years group, the DAT ≤ 1 year group was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio, HR [95% confidence interval, CI] = 0.64 [0.47–0.87], p = .005) and AF recurrence (adjusted HR [95% CI] = 0.70 [0.57–0.88], p = .002). Associations remained similar after stratified by AF types. Compared to nonablation group (n = 413), DAT ≤ 1year patients tended to show lower cardiovascular risk (adjusted HR [95% CI] = 0.78 [0.58–1.05], p = .099) and lower risk of recurrent AF (adjusted HR [95% CI] = 0.46 [0.38–0.55], p < .001).

Conclusions

A shorter DAT was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events and recurrent AF for early‐onset AF patients.
A Conjugated Coordination Polymer with Benzoquinone as Electrode Material for All Organic Symmetric Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Chenglu , Cai Xuesong , Lin Jinghang , Chen Yuan , Xie Yuxing , Liu Yang
Published: December 2023

Carbonyl rich conjugated polymer electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries possessed the advantages of strong molecular design ability, abundance and high theoretical capacity. In this work, a Co2+ coordinated conjugated polymer using 2,3,5,6‐tetraamino‐p‐benzoquinone (TABQ) as building block was constructed and developed as electrode material for all organic symmetric lithium‐ion batteries, outputting a specific capacity of over 100 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 50 mA g−1. Performances of Co‐TABQ in half cells were explored. The Co‐TABQ cathode delivered a capacity of 133.3 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 20 mA g−1. When cycled at higher current density of 500 mA g−1, the capacity gradually increased to 109.4 mAh g−1 after 4000 cycles. The Co‐TABQ anode displayed a stable capacity of 568.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. The charge transfer within the electrode was greatly reduced due to the metallic centers in the extended conjugated skeleton, and the reversible Li+ storage was achieved by the active C=O and imine groups. This work showed the great potential of metal mediated conjugated polymer in Lithium‐ion batteries.
Single Genomic Loci Labeling and Manipulation Using SIMBA System
Authors: Chen Yanwei , Huang Ziliang , Peng Qin , Wang Yingxiao
Published: December 2023

The SIMBA (Simultaneous Imaging and Manipulation of genomic loci by Biomolecular Assemblies) system is an innovative CRISPR‐based imaging technique that leverages dCas9‐SunTag and FRB‐mCherry‐HP1α, with scFv‐FKBP acting as a bridge. This powerful system enables simultaneous visualization and manipulation of genomic loci. The dCas9‐SunTag fusion protein allows for precise targeting of specific genomic sites, and the FRB‐mCherry‐HP1α fusion protein facilitates the condensation of chromatin at the targeted loci. The scFv‐FKBP bridge protein links dCas9‐SunTag and FRB‐mCherry‐HP1α, ensuring efficient and specific recruitment of HP1α to the desired genomic loci. This integrated approach allows us to visualize and manipulate genomic regions of interest, opening up new avenues for studying genome organization, gene expression regulation, and chromatin dynamics in living cells. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Cloning of genetic constructs

Basic Protocol 2: Transient transfection in mammalian cells and live‐cell imaging

Basic Protocol 3: Generation of SIMBA‐expressing stable cell lines

Basic Protocol 4: Manipulation of genomic loci using SIMBA
Changing Energy Market Landscape Drives NAESB’s Industry‐Initiated Standards Development in 2024
Authors: Trum Caroline
Published: December 2023

Ten billion dollars—the amount of money the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) estimates could be saved through the deployment of virtual power plants (VPPs), simultaneously helping to meet the estimated 200 gigawatt (GW) of peak demand growth expected by 2030.1 While there are variations within the industry on the construct of VPPs, one common definition of a VPP is “aggregations of [distributed energy resources] DERs that can balance electric loads and provide utility‐scale and utility‐grade services like a traditional power plant.”2 DOE is actively supporting VPPs, as evidenced by the issuance of the September 2023 report Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Virtual Power Plants, as well as the announcement that same month of a $300 billion commitment to Project Hestia, an effort to make DERs, and the accompanying consumer‐facing software to enable a nationwide VPP infrastructure, more widely available to American homeowners.3 This backing, combined with recent legislative and regulatory actions, such as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order No. 2222, which established a framework for DER aggregations that meet minimum size requirements of 100 kilowatts (kW) to participate in organized wholesale markets, is likely to promote greater deployment and participation of DERs in the market and could result in a large influx of such resources in a relatively short time span.