bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relating Bone Strain to Local Changes in Radius Microstructure Following 12 Months of Axial Forearm Loading in Women
Authors: Mancuso Megan E. , Troy Karen L.
Published: August 2020

Work in animal models suggests that bone structure adapts to local bone strain, but this relationship has not been comprehensively studied in humans. Here, we quantified the influence of strain magnitude and gradient on bone adaptation in the forearm of premenopausal women performing compressive forearm loading (n = 11) and nonloading controls (n = 10). High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) scans of the distal radius acquired at baseline and 12 months of a randomized controlled experiment were used to identify local sites of bone formation and resorption. Bone strain was estimated using validated finite element (FE) models. Trabecular strain magnitude and gradient were higher near (within 200 μm) formation versus resorption (p < 0.05). Trabecular formation and resorption occurred preferentially near very high (>95th percentile) versus low (<5th percentile) strain magnitude and gradient elements, and very low strain elements were more likely to be near resorption than formation (p < 0.05). In the cortical compartment, strain gradient was higher near formation versus resorption (p < 0.05), and both formation and resorption occurred preferentially near very high versus low strain gradient elements (p < 0.05). At most, 54% of very high and low strain elements were near formation or resorption only, and similar trends were observed in the control and load groups. These findings suggest that strain, likely in combination with other physiological factors, influences adaptation under normal loads and in response to a novel loading intervention, and represents an important step toward defining exercise interventions to maximize bone strength.
Optimization of the PGV-1000MKO Steam Generator Using Computation Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Volkov Vasilii , Golibrodo Luka , Krutikov Alexey , Kudryavtsev Oleg , Nadinskii Yurii , Skibin Alexander , Sotskov Vladimir
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the work carried out in Experimental and design organization OKB “GIDROPRESS” to justify the separation characteristics of VVER-TOI steam generator (SG) using the STAR-CCM+ CFD-code. In the VVER-TOI project, new layout solutions were applied in the reactor plant as part of which the steam removal system from the SG was changed. Namely, in contrast to the VVER-1000 and VVER-1200 where the steam removal was organized through ten nozzles combined into a steam collector, in the VVER-TOI SG the steam removal was arranged through one nozzle located on the cold collector side. This change leads to the formation of a nonuniform velocity field in the separation volume, between the evaporation surface and the distribution perforated plate (DPP), and can lead to the excessive increase of steam humidity. To ensure the steam separation characteristics of a horizontal SG with one steam nozzle, it was proposed to create a nonuniform resistance on the way of steam motion from the evaporation surface into steam nozzle applying a nonuniform degree of the DPP perforation. Two computer models of the SG steam volume with different steam removal schemes (through one and ten nozzles) were developed, a set of studies on verification and validation was carried out and a set of calculations were performed. According to the results of the calculations, the necessity of introducing a nonuniform degree of the DPP perforation was justified. Further, to determine the nonuniform degree of DPP perforation, a set of optimization calculations of the SG steam volume with one steam removal nozzle was performed. The nonuniform degree of DPP perforation of the VVER-TOI SG was selected, which provide steam velocity distribution as close as possible to the SG with ten steam nozzles. To justify the chosen design, sensitivity analysis was also carried out according to the hole diameters tolerance and steam load profile.
A conceptual study of utilizing compressive-sensing-based fan noise mode detection for aeroengine prognostic and health management
Authors: Bu Huanxian , Huang Xun , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a concept about the aeroengine fan health monitoring approach is proposed based on the compressive-sensing-based acoustic mode detection method. Utilizing only a few acoustic sensors, possible accidents inducing the change of the fan noise mode spectrum can be inferred. To enable such a concept, the array design strategy and optimization method are first studied by maximizing the incoherence of the so-called sensing matrix. The performance of the designed array is examined in both simulation and experimental studies. Then, the idea of fan noise monitoring is conceptually demonstrated in wind tunnel tests by taking into account possible accidental scenarios with foreign body intrusions. The simulation and experimental results suggest that under such circumstances remarkable changes appear in the azimuthal mode spectrum from fan noise. Finally, it is demonstrated that the fan noise variation can be successfully detected by the compressive sensing method with just six sensors. In this way, the foreign body intrusion can be further diagnosed through the combination of compressive sensing and mode detection. Overall, the results confirm the potential capability of the proposed concept for future aeroengine health monitoring applications.
Behind the Scenes: COVID-19 Consequences on Broadcast Sports Production
Authors: Coche Roxane , Lynn Benjamin J.
Published: August 2020

Live events are central to television production. Live sporting events, in particular, reliably draw big audiences, even though more consumers unsubscribe from cable to stream content on-demand. Traditionally, the mediated production of these sporting events have used technical and production crews working together on-site at the event. But technological advances have created a new production model, allowing the production crew to cover the event from a broadcast production hub, miles away, while the technical crew still works from the event itself. These remote integration model productions have been implemented around the world and across all forms of sports broadcasting, following a push for economic efficiency—fundamental in a capitalist system. This manuscript is a commentary on the effects of the COVID-19 global crisis on sports productions, with a focus on remote integration model productions. More specifically, the authors argue that the number of remote sports productions will grow exponentially faster, due to the pandemic, than they would have under normal economic circumstances. The consequences on sport media education and research are further discussed, and a call for much needed practice-based sports production research is made.
Fan Engagement in 15 Seconds: Athletes’ Relationship Marketing During a Pandemic via TikTok
Authors: Su Yiran , Baker Bradley J. , Doyle Jason P. , Yan Meimei
Published: August 2020

As COVID-19 lockdowns force most sport leagues into hiatus, engaging fans has emerged as a key challenge confronting the sport industry. While navigating social distancing protocols, athletes are experimenting with new ways to connect with their fans. Alongside established social media platforms (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram), TikTok, a short-form video-sharing platform, has gained prominence in terms of registered users and shared content. Yet, little is known about the utility of TikTok as an athlete branding tool. This study uses a netnographic approach to explore the use of TikTok among athletes (N = 10) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings reveal that athlete-generated TikTok videos are characterized as playful and authentic. While athletes are recent adopters of TikTok, this emerging social media platform can be profitably integrated into their online branding strategies. Communicating via TikTok presents opportunities for athletes to foster existing fan relationships, promote branded content, and appeal to new fan segments. Overall, athletes and sport practitioners can leverage these findings to create content for an audience that is attracted to novelty and the activities of athletes extending beyond game highlights or interviews.
Development of a Full Flexion 3D Musculoskeletal Model of the Knee Considering Intersegmental Contact During High Knee Flexion Movements
Authors: Kingston David C. , Acker Stacey M.
Published: August 2020

A musculoskeletal model of the right lower limb was developed to estimate 3D tibial contact forces in high knee flexion postures. This model determined the effect of intersegmental contact between thigh–calf and heel–gluteal structures on tibial contact forces. This model includes direct tracking and 3D orientation of intersegmental contact force, femoral translations from in vivo studies, wrapping of knee extensor musculature, and a novel optimization constraint for multielement muscle groups. Model verification consisted of calculating the error between estimated tibial compressive forces and direct measurements from the Grand Knee Challenge during movements to ∼120° of knee flexion as no high knee flexion data are available. Tibial compression estimates strongly fit implant data during walking (R2 = .83) and squatting (R2 = .93) with a root mean squared difference of .47 and .16 body weight, respectively. Incorporating intersegmental contact significantly reduced model estimates of peak tibial anterior–posterior shear and increased peak medial–lateral shear during the static phase of high knee flexion movements by an average of .33 and .07 body weight, respectively. This model supports prior work in that intersegmental contact is a critical parameter when estimating tibial contact forces in high knee flexion movements across a range of culturally and occupationally relevant postures.
Somaesthetics in Context
Authors: Shusterman Richard
Published: August 2020

After defining somaesthetics and explaining the terms of its definition, this paper distinguishes between somaesthetics and other somatic disciplines concerned with improving the quality of our movement. The paper then outlines the roots of somaesthetics in pragmatist philosophy and the philosophical idea of the holistic art of living that combines cognitive, aesthetic, and ethical concerns. The next section discusses the three branches of somaesthetics and its three dimensions while also mapping their interrelations. After a section that contextualizes somaesthetics in relation to affect theory and cognitive science and that briefly notes some of its many interdisciplinary applications, the paper concludes with a discussion of the somaesthetic approach to the issue of norms and values in somatic experience, inquiry, and practice.
An Empirical Test of the Self-Talk Dissonance Hypothesis: The Effects of Self-Talk Overtness and Personality on Performance
Authors: Hong Xiaobin , Liao Yingying , Shi Yan , Qi Changzhu , Zhao Mengyan , Van Raalte Judy L.
Published: August 2020

According to the sport-specific model of self-talk, self-talk dissonance occurs when a mismatch between gut feelings/impressions and self-talk creates discomfort and disrupts performance. The purpose of this study was to test the sport-specific model of self-talk’s dissonance hypothesis by examining the effects of self-talk on introverts (n = 28), who may be uncomfortable speaking their self-talk aloud, and on extraverts (n = 30). Each participant completed a dart-throwing target task using (a) overt and (b) covert self-talk in a counterbalanced order. Results of analysis of covariance indicated a significant interaction that supported the sport-specific model of self-talk’s dissonance hypothesis. Introverts performed better when using covert (private) self-talk, and extraverts performed better when using overt self-talk. The results of this research show that self-talk dissonance adversely affects performance and suggests that tailoring self-talk interventions by incorporating personal factors into intervention designs could enhance intervention effectiveness and performance outcomes.
Cefiderocol Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: Roles of β-Lactamases, Siderophore Receptors, and Penicillin Binding Protein 3
Authors: Malik Saquib , Kaminski Monica , Landman David , Quale John
Published: August 2020

Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin active against many multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens. We examined the resistance mechanisms in 12
Acinetobacter baumannii
strains with cefiderocol MICs ranging from ≤0.03 to >32 μg/ml. Cefiderocol resistance could not be explained by β-lactamase activity. Cefiderocol resistance was associated with reduced expression of the siderophore receptor gene
pirA
. Mutations involving PBP3 may have contributed to resistance in one strain.
Ferric Uptake Regulator Fur Coordinates Siderophore Production and Defense against Iron Toxicity and Oxidative Stress and Contributes to Virulence in Chromobacterium violaceum
Authors: Santos Renato Elias Rodrigues de Souza , Batista Bianca Bontempi , da Silva Neto José Freire
Published: August 2020

Maintenance of iron homeostasis, i.e., avoiding both deficiency and toxicity of this metal, is vital to bacteria and their hosts. Iron sequestration by host proteins is a crucial strategy to combat bacterial infections. In bacteria, the ferric uptake regulator Fur coordinates the expression of several iron-related genes. Sometimes, Fur can also regulate several other processes. In this work, we performed an in-depth phenotypic characterization of
fur
mutants in the human opportunistic pathogen
Chromobacterium violaceum
. We determined that
fur
is a conditionally essential gene necessary for proper growth under regular conditions and is fully required for survival under iron and oxidative stresses. Fur also controlled several virulence-associated traits, such as swimming motility, biofilm formation, and siderophore production. Consistent with these results, a
C. violaceum
fur
null mutant showed attenuation of virulence. Therefore, our data established Fur as a major player required for
C. violaceum
to manage iron, including during infection in the host.
Effects of Immunomodulatory Drug Fingolimod (FTY720) on
Chlamydia
Dissemination and Pathogenesis
Authors: Zhou Zengzi , Xie Lingxiang , Wang Luying , Xue Min , Xu Dabao , Zhong Guangming
Published: August 2020

Fingolimod (FTY720), an FDA-approved immunomodulatory drug for treating multiple sclerosis, is an agonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR), which has been used as a research tool for inhibiting immune cell trafficking. FTY720 was recently reported to inhibit
Chlamydia
dissemination. Since genital
Chlamydia
spreading to the gastrointestinal tract correlated with its pathogenicity in the upper genital tract, we evaluated the effect of FTY720 on chlamydial pathogenicity in the current study.
Can We Test Our Way Out of the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Pettengill Matthew A. , McAdam Alexander J.
Published: August 2020

Frequent, low-cost, universal testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with quarantine of those with a positive result has been suggested as a strategy to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. Specifically, home or community use of tests that use paper strip detection devices, which may have reduced sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2, has been advocated. There are several potential challenges or problems with this strategy, including the limited availability of such tests, consequences of incorrect test results, difficulties with adherence to testing, and the questionable accuracy of such tests for detection of infectious people.
Epstein-Barr Virus Facilitates Expression of KLF14 by Regulating the Cooperative Binding of the E2F-Rb-HDAC Complex in Latent Infection
Authors: Pei Yonggang , Wong Josiah Hiu-yuen , Jha Hem Chandra , Tian Tian , Wei Zhi , Robertson Erle S.
Published: August 2020

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as the first human tumor virus, infects more than 90% of the human population worldwide and is associated with numerous human cancers. Exploring EBV-mediated transcription regulatory networks is critical to understand viral-associated lymphomagenesis. However, the detailed mechanism is not fully explored. Now we describe the regulatory profiles of the E2F-Rb-HDAC complex together with EBV latent antigens, and we found that EBV latent antigens cooperatively facilitate KLF14 expression by antagonizing this multisubunit repressor complex in EBV-positive cells. This provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of EBV-associated cancers.
Reovirus σ3 Protein Limits Interferon Expression and Cell Death Induction
Authors: Roebke Katherine E. , Guo Yingying , Parker John S. L. , Danthi Pranav
Published: August 2020

We use mammalian reovirus as a model to study how virus infection modulates innate immune signaling and cell death induction. Here, we sought to determine how viral factors regulate these processes. Our work highlights a previously unknown role for the reovirus outer capsid protein σ3 in limiting the induction of a necrotic form of cell death called necroptosis. Induction of cell death by necroptosis requires production of interferon. The σ3 protein limits the induction of necroptosis by preventing excessive production of interferon following infection.
Intracranial entrapment of a haemodialysis catheter guidewire
Authors: Langer Natasha Hemicke , Hein Lars , Bestle Morten Heiberg
Published: August 2020

A 49-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was hospitalised due to pneumonia and pulmonary embolisms. After subsequently developing septic shock and acute renal failure, he required dialysis. A haemodialysis catheter was planned inserted into the right subclavian vein, the guidewire was introduced using the Seldinger technique. When the guidewire’s 20 cm marker entered the introducer needle, it suddenly encountered resistance. Repeated attempts to remove the guidewire failed. Vital signs and haemodynamic parameters remained unchanged throughout the procedure. CT angiography revealed cranial displacement of the wire into the right internal jugular vein, with the tip of the wire just cranial to the jugular foramen in the right sigmoid sinus. Interventional radiological removal attempts were unsuccessful. Thoracic and neurosurgical interventions were considered impossible and the guidewire was left in place. Due to the pulmonary embolism and the foreign object in the patient, life-long anticoagulation was considered, with close monitoring of compliance with the patient’s comorbidity and medication.
Medical management of appendicitis in early-term pregnancy
Authors: Tavakoli Amin , Wadensweiler Paul , Blumenthal Elizabeth , Kuncir Eric , Houshyar Roozbeh , Brueseke Taylor
Published: August 2020

A 19-year-old G1 at 37 weeks presented with acute non-ruptured appendicitis. Her advanced gestational age and surgical anatomy presented a complex surgical scenario. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics and induction of labour, which resulted in resolution of the appendicitis and an uncomplicated vaginal delivery at early term. This case is an example that appendicitis occurring in early-term pregnancy can be successfully managed with intravenous antibiotics, but this is a complex clinical scenario with a limited evidence base to make management decisions. Future studies of medical management of appendicitis in pregnancy, specifically in later gestation, are needed to provide additional information to guide clinicians.
Near Me at Home: codesigning the use of video consultations for outpatient appointments in patients’ homes
Authors: Beattie Michelle , Morrison Clare , MacGilleEathain Rebecah , Gray Nicola , Anderson Julie
Published: August 2020

Reforming the delivery of outpatient appointments (OPA) was high on the healthcare policy agenda prior to COVID-19. The current pandemic exacerbates the financial and associated resource limitations of OPA. Videoconsulting provides a safe method of real-time contact for some remotely residing patients with hospital-based clinicians. One factor in failing to move from introduction of service change to its general adoption may be lack of patient and public involvement. This project, based in the largest Island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, aimed to codesign the use of the NHS Near Me video consulting platform for OPA to take place in the patient’s home. A codesign model was used as a framework. This included: step 1—presenting a process flow map of the current system of using Near Me to public participants and establishing their ideas on various steps in the process, step 2—conducting numerous Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) tests and creating a current process flow diagram based on learning and step 3—conducting telephone interviews and thematic analysis of transcripts (n=7) to explore participants’ perceptions of being involved in the codesign process. Twenty-five adaptations were made to the Near Me at Home video appointment process from participants’ PDSA testing. Four themes were identified from thematic analysis of participants’ feedback of the codesign process, namely: altruistic motivation, valuing community voices, the usefulness of the PDSA cycles and the power of ‘word of mouth’. By codesigning the use of Near Me with people living in a remote area of Scotland, multiple adaptations were made to the processes to suit the context in which Near Me at Home will be used. Learning from testing and adapting with the public will likely be useful for others embarking on codesign approaches to improve spread and sustainability of quality improvement projects.
Role of presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19: evidence from Beijing, China
Authors: Zhang Yi , Muscatello David , Tian Yi , Chen Yanwei , Li Shuang , Duan Wei , Ma Chunna , Sun Ying , Wu Shuangsheng , Ge Lin , Yang Peng , Jia Lei , Wang Quanyi , MacIntyre Chandini Raina
Published: August 2020

Background

The presymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been documented in limited clusters, and it is predicted through modelling. However, there is a lack of evidence from observations with a large sample size.

Methods

We used data from meticulous contact tracing of people exposed to cases of SARS-CoV-2 to estimate the proportion of cases that result from the presymptomatic transmission of the virus in Beijing during January 2020 and February 2020.

Results

The results showed that presymptomatic transmission occurred in at least 15% of 100 secondary COVID-19 cases. The earliest presymptomatic contact event occurred 5 days prior to the index case’s onset of symptoms, and this occurred in two clusters.

Conclusions

The finding suggested that the contact tracing period should be earlier and highlighted the importance of preventing transmission opportunities well before the onset of symptoms.
Explant rates of electrical neuromodulation devices in 1177 patients in a single center over an 11-year period
Authors: Al-Kaisy Adnan , Royds Jonathan , Al-Kaisy Omar , Palmisani Stefano , Pang David , Smith Tom , Padfield Nicholas , Harris Stephany , Wesley Samuel , Yearwood Thomas Lamar , Ward Stephen
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The publication of explant rates has established risk factors and a definitive objective outcome of failure for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) treating neuropathic pain. We present a UK study analyzing explants of electrical neuromodulation devices for different conditions over 11 years in a single center specializing in neuromodulation.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed using a departmental database between 2008 and 2019. Explants were analyzed according to condition, mode of stimulation and other demographics using logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier graphs with log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test.

Results

Out of a total of 1177 patients, the explant rate was 17.8% at 5 years and 25.2% at 10 years. Loss of efficacy was the most frequent reason for explant 119/181 (65%). Multivariant regression analysis indicated patients with back pain without prior surgery had a reduced risk of explant (p=0.03). Patients with SCS systems that had 10 kHz, options of multiple waveforms, and rechargeable batteries also had a decreased risk of explant (p<0.001). None of these findings were confirmed when comparing Kaplan-Meier graphs, however. Contrary to other studies, we found gender and age were not independent variables for explant.

Conclusion

These data contribute to a growing list of explant data in the scientific literature and give indications of what factors contribute to long-term utilization of electrical neuromodulation devices.
Genetically raised serum bilirubin levels and lung cancer: a cohort study and Mendelian randomisation using UK Biobank
Authors: Horsfall Laura Jane , Burgess Stephen , Hall Ian , Nazareth Irwin
Published: August 2020

Background

Moderately raised serum bilirubin levels are associated with lower rates of lung cancer, particularly among smokers. It is not known whether these relationships reflect antioxidant properties or residual confounding.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate potential causal relationships between serum total bilirubin and lung cancer incidence using one-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and UK Biobank.

Methods

We instrumented serum total bilirubin level using two variants (rs887829 and rs4149056) that together explain ~40% of population-level variability and are linked to mild hereditary hyperbilirubinaemia. Lung cancer events occurring after recruitment were identified from national cancer registries. Observational and genetically instrumented incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and rate differences per 10 000 person-years (PYs) by smoking status were estimated.

Results

We included 377 294 participants (median bilirubin 8.1 μmol/L (IQR 6.4–10.4)) and 2002 lung cancer events in the MR analysis. Each 5 μmol/L increase in observed bilirubin levels was associated with 1.2/10 000 PY decrease (95% CI 0.7 to 1.8) in lung cancer incidence. The corresponding MR estimate was a decrease of 0.8/10 000 PY (95% CI 0.1 to 1.4). The strongest associations were in current smokers where a 5 μmol/L increase in observed bilirubin levels was associated with a decrease in lung cancer incidence of 10.2/10 000 PY (95% CI 5.5 to 15.0) and an MR estimate of 6.4/10 000 PY (95% CI 1.4 to 11.5). For heavy smokers (≥20/day), the MR estimate was an incidence decrease of 23.1/10 000 PY (95% CI 7.3 to 38.9). There was no association in never smokers and no mediation by respiratory function.

Conclusion

Genetically raised serum bilirubin, common across human populations, may protect people exposed to high levels of smoke oxidants against lung cancers.
Cardiovascular responses during submaximal cycling with and without left-lateral tilting: insights for practical applications of stress echocardiography
Authors: Beaumont Alexander J. , Forrest Laura J. , Unnithan Viswanath , Sculthorpe Nicholas
Published: August 2020

We investigated the cardiorespiratory responses to semi-supine exercise with (SS+45°) and without (SS-0°) a left-lateral tilt in 15 adults at fixed power output (70 W) and matched heart rates. At 70 W, oxygen uptake and heart rate reduced from upright to SS-0° then increased to SS+45° (p < 0.05). At matched heart rates, oxygen uptake and efficiency were lowest in SS+45° (p < 0.05). Left-lateral tilting should not be performed under the assumption that each position replicates the same cardiorespiratory responses.

Novelty: Cardiorespiratory responses to exercise are influenced by left-lateral tilting, which should not be performed under the assumption that physiological responses are replicated between left-lateral positions.
Transcriptional regulation of human abraxas brother protein 1 expression by yin yang 1
Authors: Song Pan , Hong Jian , Wang Yuan , Yao Xuelian , Zhan Yiqun , Yin Ronghua , Yu Miao , Li Changyan , Yang Xiaoming , Ge Changhui
Published: August 2020

Abraxas brother protein 1 (ABRO1) is a subunit of the deubiquitinating enzyme BRCC36-containing isopeptidase complex and plays important roles in cellular responses to stress by interacting with its binding partners, such as ubiquitin-specific peptidase 7, p53, activating transcription factor 4, THAP-domain containing 5, and serine hydroxymethyltransferase. However, the transcriptional regulation of ABRO1 remains unexplored. In this study, we identified and characterized the core regulatory elements of the human ABRO1 gene and mapped them to the ABRO1 promoter region. Additionally, 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends revealed that the transcriptional start site (TSS) was located −13 bp upstream from the start codon. Reporter gene, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that ABRO1 transcription was regulated through cis-acting elements located in the region −89 to −59 bp upstream of the ABRO1 TSS and that these elements were targeted by yin yang 1 transcription factor (YY1). Moreover, YY1 overexpression increased human ABRO1 mRNA and protein expression, and small-interfering RNA-mediated downregulation of YY1 attenuated ABRO1 expression. These results suggested that YY1 positively regulated human ABRO1 expression by binding to cis-acting elements located in the ABRO1 TSS.
A Space-Optimal Hidden Surface Removal Algorithm for Iso-Oriented Rectangles
Authors: Kosmatopoulos Andreas , Tsakalidis Athanasios , Tsichlas Kostas
Published: August 2020

We investigate the problem of finding the visible pieces of a scene of objects from a specified viewpoint. In particular, we are interested in the design of an efficient hidden surface removal algorithm for a scene comprised of iso-oriented rectangles. We propose an algorithm where given a set of [Formula: see text] iso-oriented rectangles we report all visible surfaces in [Formula: see text] time and linear space, where [Formula: see text] is the number of surfaces reported. The previous best result by Bern [Journal of Computer and System Sciences 40 (1990) 49–69], has the same time complexity but uses [Formula: see text] space.
Two-component axionic dark matter halos
Authors: Berman Gennady P. , Gorshkov Vyacheslav N. , Tsifrinovich Vladimir I. , Merkli Marco , Tereshchuk Vladimir V.
Published: August 2020

We consider a two-component dark matter halo (DMH) of a galaxy containing ultra-light axions (ULA) of different mass. The DMH is described as a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in its ground state. In the mean-field (MF) limit, we have derived the integro-differential equations for the spherically symmetrical wave functions of the two DMH components. We studied, numerically, the radial distribution of the mass density of ULA and constructed the parameters which could be used to distinguish between the two- and one-component DMH. We also discuss an interesting connection between the BEC ground state of a one-component DMH and Black Hole temperature and entropy, and Unruh temperature.
Bidirectional teleportation using Fisher information
Authors: Seida C. , El Allati A. , Metwally N. , Hassouni Y.
Published: August 2020

In this contribution, we reformulated the bidirectional teleportation protocol suggested in Ref. 7, by means of Bloch vectors as well as the local operations are represented by using Pauli operators. Analytical and numerical calculations for the teleported state and Fisher information are introduced. It is shown that both quantities depend on the initial state settings of the teleported qubits and their triggers. The Fidelities and the Fisher information of the bidirectionally teleported states are maximized when the qubit and its trigger are polarized in the same direction. The minimum values are predicted if both initial qubits have different polarization or nonzero phase. The maximum values of the Fidelity and the quantum Fisher information are the same, but they are predicted at different polarization angles. We display that the multi-parameter form is much better than the single parameter form, where it satisfies the bounds of classical, entangled systems and the uncertainty principle.
Reststrahlen band studies in cubic perovskite materials SmXO3 (X = Al,Co) by computational investigations
Authors: Afaq A. , Bakar Abu , Khan Nimra , Asif Anila
Published: August 2020

A theoretical study of SmXO3 ([Formula: see text], Co) cubic perovskites for vibrational properties and Reststrahlen band is done within the framework of Density Functional Perturbation Theory (DFPT) implemented in Quantum ESPRESSO. The vibrational properties of the Samarium-based perovskites are figured using Martins–Troullier pseudo potentials. The phonon density of states and phonon dispersion curves in first Brillouin zone are computed and discussed in which two optical phonon frequencies, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], are targeted to find Reststrahlen band for these materials. No imaginary frequency was noted, which shows the structural stability of both perovskites in cubic state. Reststrahlen bandgap and Lyddane–Sachs–Teller (LST) relation for these materials are calculated using optical phonon frequencies and applications are specified. Reststrahlen band of both materials is found to exist in the Far Infra-red region (ranging from 0.3 to 6.0 THz) showing that they can be identified by throwing light of Infrared region upon them in geological applications.
An Integration of Train Timetabling, Platforming and Routing-Based Cooperative Adjustment Methodology for Dealing with Train Delay
Authors: Zhang Yinggui , Chen Zengru , An Min , Umar Aliyu Mani
Published: August 2020

Train delay is a serious issue that can spread rapidly in the railway network leading to further delay of other trains and detention of passengers in stations. However, the current practice in the event of the trail delay usually depends on train dispatcher’s experience, which cannot manage train operation effectively and may have safety risks. The application of intelligent railway monitor and control system can improve train operation management while increasing railway safety. This paper presents a methodology in which train timetabling, platforming and routing models are combined by studying the real-time adjustment and optimization of high-speed railway in the case of the train delay in order to produce a cooperative adjustment algorithm so that the train operation adjustment plan can be obtained. MATLAB computer programs have been developed based on the proposed methodology and adjustment criteria have been established from knowledge data bases in order to calculate optimized solutions. A case study is used to demonstrate the proposed methodology. The results show that the proposed method can quickly adjust the train operation plan in the case of the train delay, restore the normal train operation order, and reduce the impact of train delay on railway network effectively and efficiently.
Planar polynomials arising from linearized polynomials
Authors: Bartoli Daniele , Bonini Matteo
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we construct planar polynomials of the type [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text]. In particular, we completely classify the pairs [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is planar using connections with algebraic curves over finite fields.
Remote Sensing of Diseases
Authors: Oerke Erich-Christian
Published: August 2020

Detection, identification, and quantification of plant diseases by sensor techniques are expected to enable a more precise disease control, as sensors are sensitive, objective, and highly available for disease assessment. Recent progress in sensor technology and data processing is very promising; nevertheless, technical constraints and issues inherent to variability in host–pathogen interactions currently limit the use of sensors in various fields of application. The information from spectral [e.g., RGB (red, green, blue)], multispectral, and hyperspectral sensors that measure reflectance, fluorescence, and emission of radiation or from electronic noses that detect volatile organic compounds released from plants or pathogens, as well as the potential of sensors to characterize the health status of crops, is evaluated based on the recent literature. Phytopathological aspects of remote sensing of plant diseases across different scales and for various purposes are discussed, including spatial disease patterns, epidemic spread of pathogens, crop characteristics, and links to disease control. Future challenges in sensor use are identified.
Cobalt-Free Core-Shell Structure with High Specific Capacity and Long Cycle Life as an Alternative to Li[Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1]O2
Authors: Liu Yulong , Wu Haohan , Li Kui , Li Hongyang , Ouyang Dongxu , Arab Phillip Peter , Phattharasupakun Nutthaphon , Rathore Divya , Johnson Michel , Wang Yiqiao , Yin Shuo , Dahn J. R.
Published: August 2020

Reduction of the Co content in Ni-rich positive electrode materials is an intense research area of great interest. Despite high specific capacity, Co-free Ni-rich materials normally suffer from poor cycling performance. In this work, a Co-free precursor with a 16 μm Ni(OH)2 core and 1 μm Ni0.8Mn0.2(OH)2 shell was reacted with LiOH · H2O at 750 °C (CS-750) or 800 °C (CS-800). CS-750 was found to retain the well-defined core–shell structure after heating, while CS-800 became homogeneous in composition due to Ni/Mn interdiffusion at the higher temperature. Although both of materials exhibit higher specific capacity than LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) the charge-discharge capacity retention shows a dramatic difference. The cycling performance of CS-750 is equivalent to NMC811 samples, whereas CS-800 experiences significant capacity fade, suggesting the importance of a core–shell structure for Ni-rich materials with no Co. The electrical resistivity of CS-750 and CS-800 materials are comparable to NCA and are slightly lower than single crystal NMC811 suggesting that Co may not be essential to maintain good electrical properties. The authors believe CS-750 and related materials represent excellent Co-free options for high energy density Li-ion cells.
Cold acclimation increases depolarization resistance and tolerance in muscle fibers from a chill-susceptible insect,Locusta migratoria
Authors: Bayley Jeppe Seamus , Sørensen Jesper Givskov , Moos Martin , Koštál Vladimír , Overgaard Johannes
Published: August 2020

Cold exposure depolarizes cells in insects due to a reduced electrogenic ion transport and a gradual increase in extracellular K+concentration ([K+]). Cold-induced depolarization is linked to cold injury in chill-susceptible insects, and the locust, Locusta migratoria, has been shown to improve cold tolerance following cold acclimation through depolarization resistance. Here we investigate how cold acclimation influences depolarization resistance and how this resistance relates to improved cold tolerance. To address this question, we investigated if cold acclimation affects the electrogenic transport capacity and/or the relative K+permeability during cold exposure by measuring membrane potentials of warm- and cold-acclimated locusts in the presence and absence of ouabain (Na+-K+pump blocker) or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; voltage-gated K+channel blocker). In addition, we compared the membrane lipid composition of muscle tissue from warm- and cold-acclimated locust and the abundance of a range transcripts related to ion transport and cell injury accumulation. We found that cold-acclimated locusts are depolarization resistant due to an elevated K+permeability, facilitated by opening of 4-AP-sensitive K+channels. In accordance, cold acclimation was associated with an increased abundance of Shaker transcripts (gene encoding 4-AP-sensitive voltage-gated K+channels). Furthermore, we found that cold acclimation improved muscle cell viability following exposure to cold and hyperkalemia even when muscles were depolarized substantially. Thus cold acclimation confers resistance to depolarization by altering the relative ion permeability, but cold-acclimated locusts are also more tolerant to depolarization.
Physiological responses of human skeletal muscle to acute blood flow restricted exercise assessed by multimodal MRI
Authors: Haddock Bryan , Hansen Sofie K. , Lindberg Ulrich , Nielsen Jakob Lindberg , Frandsen Ulrik , Aagaard Per , Larsson Henrik B. W. , Suetta Charlotte
Published: August 2020

Acute changes in blood flow, diffusion, blood oxygenation, cross-sectional area, and the “T2 shift” are evaluated in human skeletal muscle in response to blood flow-restricted (BFR) and conventional free-flow knee extensor exercise performed in an MRI scanner. The acute physiological response to exercise was dependent on the magnitude of load and the application of BFR. Physiological variables changed markedly and established a steady state rapidly after the first of four exercise sets.
A Prediction Model of Forest Preliminary Precision Fertilization Based on Improved GRA-PSO-BP Neural Network
Authors: Zuxing Chen , Dian Wang
Published: August 2020

The optimal amount of fertilizer application which was needed by the trees and the factors that influence the fertilization have an intricated nonlinear relationship. According to the problems that the traditional fertilization prediction model has, such as lacking of the scalability and practicality, this paper initiates an accurate fertilization prediction model that was based on the GRA-PSO-BP neural network which can make the accurate fertilization come true and improve the economic benefits of forest industry. This paper uses the GRA method to determine the input of the neural network as the site index and make the forest age, nutrient content of the advantage trees, biomass of the advantage trees, biomass of average trees, and target yield as the output numbers of the Actual amount of fertilizer applied. During the calculation process, the global particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the initial numbers and threshold numbers of BP neural network which build a phased GRA-PSO-BP accurate fertilization model. Compared with the prediction algorithm of full input variate that is based on the single BP neural network and the prediction algorithm of full input variate that is based on PSO-BP Neural Network, the GRA method can determine the key factors that influence the amount of fertilizer applied in different forest areas and modify the prediction model to improve the scalability and accuracy of the prediction and finally achieve the precision fertilization as the data of different forests updated, so we can see that the prediction result of this paper is more accurate. The result demonstrates that the GRA-PSO-BP neural network Segment fertilization model is more accurate than the traditional BP neural network and BP Neural Network that was optimized by the PSO algorithm, and specifically, the error of the predicted amount of fertilizer application and the actual amount of fertilizer application is less than 5%, which can effectively guide the fertilization in stages.
Method for Inferring the Design Value of the Resistance Based on Probabilistic Model
Authors: Chen Liuzhuo , Yao Jitao , Gao Jun
Published: August 2020

Methods for inferring the design value of the resistance based on test have long been studied extensively, but the existing methods have several limitations on unified guarantee rate ensurance and reliability control. Firstly, the rationales and deficiencies of the present methods in ISO 2394 : 2015 and EN 1990 : 2002 were generalized. Secondly, in view of the disadvantages, a new inferring method combining the probability model of resistance with statistical approach was put forward. The proposed method established a relationship among design resistance, probability characteristics of known factors, and statistical results of unknown factors and possessed a rigorous and sound theoretical basis on both conditions that the coefficient of variation of model uncertainty was unknown and full known. Lastly, a contrast work was carried out between the Eurocode method and the proposed method; the results showed that the latter method had a higher inferring value, which means a better inferring result.
SCALEUS‐FD: A FAIR Data Tool for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Pereira Arnaldo , Lopes Rui Pedro , Oliveira José Luís
Published: August 2020

The Semantic Web and Linked Data concepts and technologies have empowered the scientific community with solutions to take full advantage of the increasingly available distributed and heterogeneous data in distinct silos. Additionally, FAIR Data principles established guidelines for data to be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable, and they are gaining traction in data stewardship. However, to explore their full potential, we must be able to transform legacy solutions smoothly into the FAIR Data ecosystem. In this paper, we introduce SCALEUS‐FD, a FAIR Data extension of a legacy semantic web tool successfully used for data integration and semantic annotation and enrichment. The core functionalities of the solution follow the Semantic Web and Linked Data principles, offering a FAIR REST API for machine‐to‐machine operations. We applied a set of metrics to evaluate its “FAIRness” and created an application scenario in the rare diseases domain.
Depression and Its Relationship with Coping Strategies and Illness Perceptions during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Population
Authors: Skapinakis Petros , Bellos Stefanos , Oikonomou Achilleas , Dimitriadis Georgios , Gkikas Paschalis , Perdikari Evridiki , Mavreas Venetsanos
Published: August 2020

Objective. The COVID-19 epidemic has shown a more benign course in Greece possibly due to the early lockdown measures. Mental health consequences of the lockdown however are unknown. In addition, illness perceptions and relevant strategies to cope with the stress of the epidemic may have played a role in complying with the restrictions. We conducted a survey of the Greek population with the aim to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression during the lockdown, the emotional impact of the epidemic, and the effect of coping strategies and illness perceptions in mental health. Methods. Adult persons were invited during the peak of the lockdown period through social media. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed with the PHQ-9 and GAD-2 scales, respectively. Coping strategies were assessed with selected items of the Brief COPE questionnaire, while illness beliefs were assessed with items from the revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). Results. A total of 3379 individuals took part. A strong emotional impact of the epidemic was more often in women and in those with severe financial difficulties. Levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms were high but similar to past assessments. Participants showed high levels of personal control and used more often positive strategies to cope with the stress of the epidemic. Depressive symptoms were higher in the younger, in students, in those with a stronger emotional impact, in those isolated due to symptoms, and those overexposed to media for COVID-19-related news. Lower levels of depression were seen in those using positive coping strategies and showing high levels of personal and treatment control. Conclusions. The study shows that certain psychological and social determinants were associated with increased depressive symptoms during the lockdown warranting the development of public health guidelines to mitigate the effects of the epidemic to the mental health of the population.