bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reel seeding unit of a grain seeder and factors affecting seeding of set rates
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Gabaev Aliy Kh. , Mishkhozhev Vladislav Kh. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov
Published: October 2022

Sowing is very important in the general complex of technological operations and methods in the cultivation of grain crops. It is known that the yield of agricultural crops by 25-30% depends on the quality of sowing. The main purpose of sowing is to provide optimal conditions for seed germination, and further development of plants, which mainly depend on the optimal combination of three factors: water-air, air and heat. The study of the process of sowing seeds with reel sowing machines is a very urgent task considering the widespread use of row sowing. It is not enough to judge the uniformity of sowing seeds only by the uniformity of the grain stream leaving the apparatus, because when moving along the seed tube and the coulter tube, the seeds somewhat change their relative position. The influence of the seed tube affects the alignment of the jet, if it comes out unevenly from the ejector. But in both cases, it is necessary to have some criterion for judging the uniformity of the grain streams coming out of the apparatus directly and from the coulter. This article discusses the factors influencing the uniformity of the given norms of seed material by coil sowing machines, carried out in the research laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Mechanization of the KabardinoBalkarian State Agrarian University. The determination of these factors makes it possible to identify the main patterns of movement and fall of seeds, the speed of seeds necessary to solve the problem of choosing the main design parameters of the sowing machine, seed tube, seed distributor. Bulk material can be thrown out in a continuous stream or discontinuously, that is, in large or small portions or individual grains. The reel metering unit with a shiftable reel, which we have chosen, has received the greatest distribution. GOST provides for the production of several types (sizes) of devices for sowing grain seeds and small grass seeds. The rotating grooved coil captures and ejects from the device not only the seeds located in the grooves, but also the seeds lying nearby, entraining them due to friction forces. The article presents the results of a study of the uniformity of sowing by coil sowing machines when sowing given norms.
Some features of soil cultivation with a cutting wedge
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Misirov Mukhamad Kh. , Egozhev Asker A. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov
Published: October 2022

Currently existing soil cutting models do not explain all available experimental results. When modeling the process of cutting soils, the models developed for cutting metals were taken as a basis. But the automatic transfer of the principles of cutting metals to the theory of cutting soil without sufficient grounds leads to contradictions and errors. Soil cutting has its own characteristics that do not occur when cutting metals and which must be taken into account when modeling the destruction process during cutting. When cutting brittle materials, as well as when cutting soils and soils, a number of phenomena are observed that are not present when cutting plastic materials, for example, the formation of advanced cracks in front of the cutting wedge. The purpose of the study is to establish the features of soil cultivation with a cutting wedge that are not typical for metal processing, but which take place during mechanical tillage and which must be taken into account when modeling the processes of cutting mechanics. On the basis of the comparative analysis, a significant difference between the geometry of the cutting part of the tillage wedge and the geometry of the wedge for processing plastic metal materials was revealed. The loading model of the cutting part of the tillage wedge is obtained. It is shown that during the operation of the tillage wedge the angle of action of the cutting force is positive. When modeling the processes of soil cutting mechanics, in order to obtain a correct model of the cutting process, it is necessary to take into account this fact: the angle of action of the cutting force is positive. Loading of the material being machined with a cutting wedge according to the scheme, when the angle of action of the cutting force is positive, is the most optimal in terms of the energy intensity of the cutting process compared to others.
The influence of the use of lignohumate on the yield and quality parameters of tomato in vegetable crop rotation
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Nazranov Khusen M. , Nazranov Beslan Kh. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov
Published: October 2022

The results of the development of regulations for the use of humic growth stimulants on tomatoes in the vegetable crop rotation fertilizer system are represented in this article. The problem of effective assimilation of mineral fertilizers is central in crop production. The combination of humates with mineral fertilizers is a guarantee of their effective assimilation by the plant. The intensity of growth of tomato plants is considered one of the main indicators of the impact of agricultural practices on plants. Treatment of tomato plants with preparations Lignohumate AM and Humate +7 promotes a more intensive increase in growth rate. Recalculation of tomato yield showed that the use of growth stimulants gives a significant increase. The most effective was Lignohumate AM, the increase was 23.9%. The effectiveness of Humat +7 and Argolan Aqua were at the same level and amounted to 21.8 and 20.3%, respectively. The use of humic preparations stimulated the accumulation of dry matter in tomato fruits from 4.6-4.7% in the control to 4.9-5.1% in the experimental variants. The studied preparations had a positive effect on the productivity and quality indicators of tomato. The economic efficiency of the use of growth stimulants in tomato is high. The net profit from the application of Lignohumate AM amounted to 1,038 thousand rubles, which is 198 thousand rubles higher than the control variant. The profitability is higher than when using Humat +7 and Argolan Aqua by 30 and 42%, respectively. Based on the results of the research, it is recommended to use the humic preparation Lignohumate AM on tomatoes to increase productivity and quality indicators in the conditions of the Central part of the North Caucasian region.
Studying hybrids of sugar corn under the conditions of the foothill zone of the KBR
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Shibzukhov Zalim-Geri S. , Kishev Alim Yu. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Aisanov Timur S. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Shibzukhova Zalina S. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Gulyazinov Islam Kh. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov
Published: October 2022

This work is devoted to the study of various hybrids of sweet corn of a new selection, recommended for cultivation in the conditions of the South of Russia. The objects of study were the first generation sweet corn hybrids: Spirit, Boston, Royalty, Vega and Overland, with maturation periods from 75 to 85 days. Sowing was carried out at the same time with reference to weather conditions and varied over the years of research. So in 2020, the sowing of all hybrids was carried out on April 25, and in 2021 it was possible to sow only on May 5. The productivity of sweet corn is highly dependent on the choice of grown hybrids, as well as growing conditions. Sweet corn seeds were purchased from trusted suppliers with a certificate of conformity. In all hybrids, under conditions of sufficient humidity, germination was high, which is explained by the simultaneity of seedlings and high germination energy. Later, getting into different growing conditions during the growing season, the shape of plants, the area of leaves, and the yield of cobs changed. The yield of commercial cobs of the studied sweet corn hybrids is closely related to their biometric parameters. The Vega and Overland hybrids showed the highest increments in the yield of commercial cobs and exceeded the control by 3.8 and 4.9 t/ha or by 18 and 23%. Hybrid Spirit, which was the control variant, showed the lowest yield. This is due to the fact that other studied hybrids are more adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of this zone.
Rose-colored (Rosaceae Juss.) flora of Kabardino-Balkaria
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Tamakhina Aida Ya.
Published: October 2022

In the taxonomic structure of the flora of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR), the family Rosaceae Juss. is in the top five. However, a special study of the rose-colored on the territory of the republic has not been carried out so far. In this regard, the purpose of the work was a geographical and biomorphological analysis, assessment of biodiversity and resource potential of the regional flora Rosaceae Juss. At present, the family Rosaceae of the KBR flora unites 29 genera and 145 species. Most of the genera have a weak species saturation (1-2 species). Potentilla, Rosa, Alchemilla are assigned to large genera, Cotoneaster, Crataegus and Rubus to medium ones, Sorbus, Geum and Fragaria to small ones. The distribution of species over the floristic subdistrict of the KBR is not uniform. Growth in different altitudinal zones, noted for 64.8% of the species, indicates the wide ecological plasticity of many Rosaceae. The similarity of the local floras of Rosaceae varies from very low (steppe and mountain zones) to high (alpine regions). The generic coefficient positively correlates with the number of species of floristic subareas and varies from 4.44 (Elbrus subdistrict) to 1.20 (TerskoProkhladnensky subdistrict). The originality of the Rosaceae is maximum in the Elbrus floristic subdistrict (3.45% of the total number of species). The flora of the Rosaceae is marked by tertiary and glacial relics, redlisted species, which, along with narrow endemics, need protection. According to the predominant groups of geoelements, the flora Rosaceae Juss. is boreal-common-holarctic-ancient mediterranean. The biomorphological spectrum of the flora belongs to the phanerophytic-hemicryptophytic type. In view of the multi-purpose economic use of a number of Rosaceae species the resource and ecological assessment of wild plants stocks is relevant for their involvement in the economic turnover
Hastaların İlaç Uyumunun Arttırılmasında Toplum Eczacılarının Rolü
Authors: ÇELEBİ Felat , ÇALIKUŞU Muammer , ÖZÇELİKAY Gülbin
Published: October 2022

In this study, the importance of compliance to treatment for the patient to benefit from the treatment, and the effects of patient compliance were determined. The study is a decisive type of research. The forms with 5-point Likert-type questions created by the researchers were asked to community pharmacists via the Internet. 110 pharmacists from different parts of Turkey participated in the survey. The data obtained in the research were analyzed with the SPSS ver. 25.0 program. The significance level (α) was determined as 0.05 in the analyzes made in the study. The Cronbach-alpha reliability coefficient for the developed scale was found to be 0.847. In this study, it is found that community pharmacists make an effort to increase the drug compliance of patients. There was no significant difference between the age and professional experience of the pharmacist in improving patient compliance. Pharmacists need to work more systematically to improve patients' drug compliance. It is thought that the concept of drug compliance is frequently included in the education curriculum of Pharmacy Schools. Still, the necessary educational content and learning opportunities are not sufficient to increase it.
Novel (p-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone derivatives containing substituted-1,2,3-triazole moiety as new anti-Alzheimer agents: Synthesis, in vitro and in silico assays
Authors: BOZBEY İrem , TAŞKOR ÖNEL Gülce , TÜRKMENOĞLU Burçin , GÜRSOY Şule , DİLEK Esra
Published: October 2022

Alzheimer hastalığı (AH), demansın en yaygın nedeni olan kronik nörodejeneratif bir hastalıktır. Hastalığa yakalanma riski yaşla birlikte artar. Hastalığın histopatolojisi incelendiğinde senil amiloid plakları, nörofibriler yumak oluşumu, sinaps-nöron kaybı ve beyinde belirgin atrofi saptanır. Alzheimer hastalığında asetilkolin sentezinden sorumlu olan kolin asetil transferaz düzeyindeki azalma %58-90'dır. Mevcut ilaçlar hastalığın ilerlemesini durduramadığından, hastalığın temel nedenini hedef alan yeni ilaçlara büyük ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmada asetilkolinesteraz inhibisyonu gösteren triazol-piridazinon türevi bileşikler sentezlenmiştir ve enzim inhibisyonları araştırılmıştır. Bileşik 6e, 0.049 ± 0.014 µM Ki değeri ile en güçlü inhibitör etkiyi göstermiştir (Takrin Ki= 0.226 ± 0.025 µM). Ayrıca sentezlenen tüm bileşikler için in-silico çalışmalar yapıldı.
Formation, Testing of Hypothesis and Confidence Interval in Medical Research
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Statistics (Biostatistics), Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Vasudevan Senthilvel
Published: October 2022

Background: Statistics which help us in arriving at the criterion for such decisions in any research. Hypothesis means assumptions. It is an important activity of pharmacy or medical fields and its related research. Materials and Methods: Statistical inferences play an important role in biological statistical tests and arriving at some conclusion. Some suitable examples were also workout in this section. Results: Confidence intervals provide a method of stating the precision or closeness of the sample statistics. It contains lower and upper limits. Conclusion: We concluded that the hypothesis is very much useful and essential tool in medical, nursing, pharmacy and other science and biomedical sciences as well as in its research fields. Some numerical illustrations with suitable examples also there. Key Words: hypothesis testing, type I error, type II error, confidence interval, medical research
Effects of a Simulation-Based Training Course on Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitude Towards Covid-19 Vaccine in Sulaimani Health Care Centers
Authors:   Nursing Department, Ministry of Health/ Health Development and Training  Center, Sulaimani, Iraq, Sharif Bayan Omar , Rashid Kamal Jalal ,   Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Raparin, Rania, Iraq, Mohammad Sara Noori ,   Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Raparin, Rania, Iraq, Ali Zhino Raouf ,   Nursing Department, Ministry of Health/ Health Development and Training  Center, Sulaimani, Iraq
Published: October 2022

Background: One of the most effective ways to decrease the burden of communicable diseases such as COVID-19 is vaccination but these days despite the availability of vaccine services the hesitancy of the vaccine and the delay of acceptance or rejection of vaccine from most developing countries remain as protection to initiate effective antibody. The aim of this study to assess nurses’ knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 vaccination before and after the training course of the health care centers in Sulaimani city. Materials and Methods: we have done a descriptive quantitative design study with a non-probability purposive sample of 74 nurses, The reliability instrument was decided using the internal consistency (Split half) approach. The collection of the data was revealed by using the interview technique, then presenting the training course to the participants and on the last day of the training the post-test was performed. Results: Most of the participants aged between 31-40 years old and were governmental employee’s female which graduated from the institute of nursing, had not been vaccinated yet; and were not trained regarding COVID-19 vaccination (82.4%, 81.1%, 54%, 91.9%, and 97.3%) respectively. (95.9%) of the participant’s knowledge and attitude before the training course regarding COVID-19 vaccination was low level, whereas after the training course the knowledge and attitude of them reach to the highest level 100%. Conclusion: The participant’s level of knowledge before the training course regarding COVID-19 vaccination was low levels, whereas after the training course their knowledge reach the highest level because of that the researchers recommended focusing on more training courses regarding COVID-19 vaccination by the Ministry of health/infection control department to develop their level of knowledge and attitude. Keywords: effect, simulation-based training course, covid-19 vaccine, nurse’s staff, knowledge, attitude
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Quantum Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Andrian Firma
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in student activity and learning outcomes in mathematics subjects after applying the Quantum Teaching. The research method used in this research is Classroom Action Research. The data collection technique used is observation to observe student learning activities while to see the increase in learning outcomes using tests. The data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. Qualitative data analysis techniques were used to analyze student learning activities during the learning process. While the quantitative data analysis technique was used to analyze the score acquisition of the student learning activity observation sheet and student learning test results by calculating the average acquisition of each cycle. The results showed that the application of the Quantum Teaching provided an increase in student activity and learning outcomes. Learning activity in cycle 1 was 63.99% which then increased in cycle 2 by 79.35%. As for student learning outcomes in cycle 1 and cycle 2 of 100%.
Analisis Dinamik Model Predator-Prey dengan Struktur Usia dan Perilaku Anti-Predator
Authors: Al Idrus Ainun Sukmawati , Abd. Gani Ayub Prianto , Zaid Nurlaila
Published: October 2022

This article discusses the Predator-prey Holling type II model involving age structure and anti-predator behaviour. The age structure is given to the predator population, which is divided into two, namely juvenile predators and adult predators, while in the prey population, there is anti-predator behaviour, namely the tendency to defend against predator attacks. The model analysis includes the determination of a fixed point, analysis of the stability of the fixed point and numerical simulation. Three fixed points were obtained, namely the fixed point of population extinction (), the fixed point of predator extinction and the fixed point of population existence. Stability analysis shows that is always a saddle while and are conditionally stable. Furthermore, it is shown that the two conditions are both stable nodes. At the end, a simulation shows that the population dynamics that occur are highly dependent on the initial conditions of the population and the value of the anti-predator behaviour parameter of the prey population.
Servicios sociales, comunidad y cuidados a la dependencia: reflexiones desde Navarra y Euskadi a partir de la experiencia del covid-19
Authors: Hermoso Humbert Alejandra , Zuñiga Ruiz de Loizaga Martín
Published: October 2022

El covid-19 ha impactado a escala mundial, con múltiples consecuencias sociales, sanitarias y económicas. El sector de los cuidados a la dependencia ha sido uno de los más afectados y se ha ubicado en el centro del debate. Con anterioridad, y en vista de los cambios sociodemográficos y el reclamo de otros enfoques de atención, en el sector se apelaba a un cambio de modelo de cuidados. A través de ocho entrevistas a profesionales de los servicios sociales públicos de Navarra y Euskadi, se pretende analizar de manera exploratoria la respuesta de los sistemas públicos de atención a los cuidados durante la pandemia, así como reflexionar acerca de la construcción de ecosistemas público- comunitarios de cuidados en estos territorios. Los resultados muestran que, si bien es necesario solventar determinadas limitaciones estructurales, los señalados sistemas públicos tienen la capacidad de tejer redes con la comunidad para avanzar hacia modelos colaborativos y sostenibles.
Growth assessment of Borinda grossa after natural regeneration in relation to environmental factors
Authors: Wangmo Tashi , Thinley Ugyen , Dorji Ugyen , Rai Sushila
Published: October 2022

Mass flowering of Borinda grossa occurred in 2015 in the central region of Bhutan. To assess its growth after natural regeneration, a field study was carried out in the Busa community forest (CF) located in Sephu gewog, Wangduephodrang district. A total of 39 sample plots of quadrat size 10 × 10 m were laid out in a study site of 80 hectares using systematic sampling to carry out bamboo inventory. The soil samples were collected using composite soil sampling from all the plots. Sample plots were categorized into bamboo presence and absence plots. Growth of bamboo was assessed in association with environmental factors. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare environmental parameters between bamboo presence and absence plots. The result indicated significant differences in elevation, canopy cover and soil electrical conductivity. The growth of bamboo by diameter, height and count was highest in the elevation range between 2700 to 2800 m under medium canopy cover of 20 to 40% in loamy-sandy soil. Maximum number of bamboos was found in north and west facing slopes
Effect of type and position of branch cuttings on rooting and root morphology in Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex. J.C. Wendl
Authors: Yadav Niraj , KB Sridhar , Parveen Shayma , SB Chavan , Kumar Dhiraj , Dev Inder
Published: October 2022

An investigation was carried out to determine the effect of type and position of branch cuttings on rooting behaviour and root morphology in Bambusa vulgaris Schard. ex.J.C Wendl. using different concentrations of Indole butyric acid (IBA) harmone Maximum rooting was observed in primary (base end) cuttings treated with 1000 ppm. The propagules from single-node basal end cuttings exhibited significantly higher values for all the root and shoot parameters studied. The advantage of utilizing branch cuttings for propagation is its abundant availability and ease of handling.
The Influence Accounting Disclosure on company value: A Case Study in Basrah Province Companies
Authors: Kareem Haitham , Jabr Hanan Saleh
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence accounting disclosure in terms of legal, culture, profitability, and size factors on company value in Basrah province in Iraq. A lack of accounting disclosures found in most of these companies consequently led to the low value of companies. A theoretical model with agency theory was used in order to discover affect of accounting disclosures on company value. A probability sampling technique random sampling method used to gather data, four hypotheses were tested through 310 questionnaires, the population was listed companies, and all accountants in the sample were selected. Partial least squares approach was used to examine this study. The results showed that culture and size factors have a positive and significant influence on company value. While others hypotheses legal and profitability factors are non-significant. The result can motivate and encourage companies’ management to disclose information that is positively reflected in the decisions of stakeholders that led to improve company value.
Modeling and Simulating NOMA Performance for Next Generations
Authors: Karim Dalwa Omer , Al-Hindawi Asaad Mubdir Jassim , Shather Akram Hatem
Published: October 2022

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a multiple access technique that allows multiple users to share the same communication resources, resulting in increased spectral efficiency and throughput. NOMA has been shown to provide significant performance gains over orthogonal multiple access (OMA) in terms of spectral efficiency and throughput. In this paper, two scenarios of NOMA are analyzed and simulated, involving two users and multiple users (four users) in order to evaluate the performance of NOMA in terms of bits per error ratio (BER) and achievable sum-rate (R-sum), then comparing NOMA with OMA in terms of achievable sum rate. The obtained results indicate that an improvement is achieved for two users NOMA (16.7 (bps/Hz)) compared with OMA (15.53(bps/Hz)), while for multi-users NOMA (20.69 (bps/Hz)) compared with OMA (15.79 (bps/Hz)) at transmitted power equal to 25 dBm.
Click Chemistry Complexes as A platform For Biological Application: A review
Authors: Alazawi Sarab , Al-Bayati Sinan Midhat , Rasheed Anaam Majeed
Published: October 2022

The 1,2, 3-triazole moiety is the main biomolecule formed from the chemistry of clicks. Click chemistry is cycloaddition reaction including Copper or ruthenium catalyzed with azide-alkyne and resulting in five membered rings. Click chemistry and its complexes are utilized as anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-tuberculosis, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-malarial, ant?-leishmanial and neuroprotective agents and also in fluorescent technology. Biological targets required a method containing the linker feature like 1,2, 3-triazoles moiety and a new set of 1,2,3-triazole consisting hybrids and conjugates. The present review summarizes developments over the last few years in application complexes of 1,2, 3-triazole analogue. Scientists of organic fields, clinical chemistry, photochemistry, and pharmacology will benefit from this study. This review offers essential knowledge to the interested researchers.
Analysis and characterization of tin-doped ZnO nanostructures
Authors: M. Hermann  , F. Bansil  , H.A. Hunter
Published: October 2022

In this paper, undoped and tin-doped ZnO nanostructures were grown onto non-conductive substrates by a simple solution method. Structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the structures were investigated with respect to tin concentration. From XRD studies, all the ZnO nanostructures were found as hexagonal wurtzite type structures growing preponderantly oriented with c-axis nor- mal to the substrate. An increase in tin content resulted in a decrease in grain size, whereas the dislocation density in- creases. SEM observations indicated that all the structures were textured throughout the substrates without any cracks or pores. The influence of incorporation of tin on surface morphology of the samples was clearly seen. Average diameter of the nanostructures decreased with increasing tin content. Absorption spectra of the structures revealed that the band gap of the films increases with increasing tin concentration. It is found that the tin-doped samples have higher average transmittance than the undoped one. The 1 % tin-doped sample exhibited ∼80 % average transparency, which was the best transparency among the doped samples. Electrical measurements showed that resistivity of the structures increased with increasing dopant concentration. This increasing was attributed due to a decrease in carrier con- centration caused by carrier traps at the grain boundaries.
Demonstration of Working Models of Medical Education through Open and Distance Education Mode
Authors: Kuba Ruchika , Jena Tapan Kumar , Jamatia Biplab
Published: October 2022

Medical Education is the backbone of health care of a country. Over the years medical education in India has been restricted mainly to the conventional system of education where graduation and post-graduation is offered through a network of medical colleges both by the government and the private institutions. However, they are not only a far cry for the health manpower resource of the country, but also are not able to address the continuing medical education requirements of the medical fraternity which is the dire need today due to changing disease patterns, advancement in medical management and technologies being increasingly used for diagnosis and treatment. Indira Gandhi National Open University through it’s School of Health Sciences established in 1991 has been offering a variety of continuing medical education programmes for doctors through open and distance mode using the blended approach. Through this panel discussion, the speakers will demonstrate the different models that have been adopted over the period of almost three decades. Awareness and skill enhancing programmes have been developed in the area of health care like yoga and health care waste management, targeted to a mixed group of health professionals and paraprofessionals. Innovative models have been developed for Continuing Medical Education of in-service doctors and dentists for updating their knowledge and providing hands on training in programme specific skills at identified medical colleges and hospitals both at the tertiary and district level. Subjects not covered in the conventional system like MCH, HIV medicine, Geriatric medicine and CBRNE disasters have been taken up. Experimental models have also been developed for PG Medical Education targeting doctors for specialization and super specialization for statutory recognition of the qualification. These programmes when offered through the blended mode would be more cost effective and feasible for a larger target group as compared to the conventional system.
Mandatory Continuing Professional Development Model: A Pathway of Promoting Lifelong Job Interest among Academic Faculty Members in Higher Education in Nigeria
Authors: Omori Anne , Okon Abigail Edem
Published: October 2022

Higher institutions are compelled to remain competitive in the rapidly changing world of the current century. This entails promotion of lifelong learning. Using universities in Nigeria for example, we take a crucial look at how mandatory continuing professional development model could promote lifelong job interest among academic faculty members. To effectuate the main objective of the study, three research questions were raised and the correspondence hypotheses were formulated to direct the study. Survey research design was employed. The study population comprised all university academic faculty members purposively selected from faculties in university of Calabar, Nigeria. These faculties were stratified along departments and study levels. A total of 110 respondents were selected via simple random sampling technique. Participants were 42 female university teachers and 68 male. Mandatory Continuing Professional Development Questionnaire (r=0.76) and Lifelong Job Interest Rating (r=0.76) scale were used as instruments for data collection. Data collected were analysed utilizing descriptive statistics and multiple regressions at 0.05 level of significance. Results of the study showed a significant relationship between mandatory continuing professional development model and academic faculty members’ lifelong job interest. In this regard, the study concluded that mandatory continuing professional development model is a key factor in promoting lifelong job interest in higher education and regular updating, re-skilling and re-tooling of teachers is desirable.
Performing (Dis)ability: Explorations in Literature, Theatre and Cinema
Authors: Aakash Sharma
Published: October 2022

The most fundamental relationship in a universe divided into numerous categories and subgroups is anchored in the corporeality of human life. The social hierarchy is mostly determined by how someone behaves and fulfils his job in society. This "norm" of the human condition results from ableist normative discourses dating back hundreds of years. In the Rāmāyana, Shravana Kumara is revered as the torchbearer of filial piety towards his parents, who were both blind hermits; they depended on their son’s dedication to fulfilling their life’s end goal. Black from 2005 is frequently considered a turning point in Indian cinema since it depicts a handicap narrative quite well. A bildungsroman about Michelle McNally (Rani Mukherjee), who loses her sight and hearing as a young girl, the movie features Amitabh Bachchan and Rani Mukherjee in the pivotal roles. While Michelle's condition and how she deals with it to move forward in life is the film's central topic, other undertones may be seen in how it portrays a disabled female kid. Every opportunity should be considered when casting a disabled actor to actualize the representation of disabled persons in the arts and film. Radical measures must be taken, including reviewing the casting procedures and introducing audition venues suitable for performers with disabilities. Disabled students and staff members should be actively encouraged to participate in schools and institutions.
Model of Assistance for BUMDesa Fisheries Business Groups in Improving Community Econom
Authors: Ato'illah Mohammad , Kasno Kasno
Published: October 2022

The field of community empowerment is one of the Government's efforts to support the community's economy. One of the efforts to mobilize the economic potential in villages that spread across Indonesia, the government supports and encourages the formation of Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDesa). This is like what already exists in the village of Labruk Lor, Lumajang District, Lumajang Regency. However, there are obstacles related to the development of processed products in the fisheries unit at the Bumdesa Labruk Lor. The purpose of this research is to provide knowledge about product processing development activities and provide hands-on training. The method used is in the form of active participation in mentoring activities, lectures and practices. This activity was carried out for 6 months by involving the local government sector and universities. The results show that the Bumdes management understands the benefits that will be obtained from developing processed products from the fisheries unit, besides that it is hoped that this activity will also have an impact on increasing income for Bumdes.
Location History in the Humanities
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Lawi Yusufu Q.
Published: October 2022

This article addresses the question of the place of History within the broader scholarly domain of the Humanities. It was prompted by the need to continue seeking for more clarity on what History as a domain of scholarly inquiry has in common with the rest of the humanistic disciplines and how that relationship may have changed over the many centuries of the existence the Humanities. The broader context for the discussion in the article is the continued effort by scholars such as Rens Bod, to articulate the general principles and laws that govern scholarship in the humanities. Due to the vastness of the subject matter, the article is essentially sketchy and often schematic. It handles the Humanities in its generality rather than giving an exposition of how History relates to each of the known Humanities disciplines individually, as the latter task is addressed at least partly by other contributions that are being published along with this article. The article takes a diachronic approach, starting with a brief section on the concept of the Humanities in time, and spending more space in discussing the changing relationship between History on one hand and the rest of the humanistic disciplines on the other. The last section provides a summary of the discussion, highlighting the fact that History has been part of the Humanities since antiquity but its linkage with the rest of the humanistic disciplines has seen considerable changes over time.
SYMBIOTIC AND COMPLEMENTARY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT: AN EXAMINATION
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Mapunda Bertram B.B.
Published: October 2022

In its general usage, the term history is multifaceted. It encompasses a number of frontages, including study (discipline), time, and value. These, in essence, are inseparable; reference to one usually incorporates the other two, whether explicitly or implicitly. It is on account of this multidimensionality that History as a discipline, relates to a number of other disciplines; Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Management are two among many. The two disciplines, which themselves are also multifarious; interact with History in various aspects, including subject matter, temporality, methodology and theory. This paper examines the relationship between the three disciplines: History, Archaeology, and Cultural Heritage Management to see why they should and how they can exist interdependently. It further identifies, potentially, what and how much each is expected to import from and export to the other two in order to maintain a symbiotic and complementary relationship. The paper, however, cautions that reciprocity and mutual respect are central principles for sustainable interdisciplinarity.
INTERROGARTING THE LINK BETWEEN HISTORY AND LITERATURE: INSIGHTS FROM THINGS FALL APART, KINJEKITILE AND STANLEY MEETS MUTESA
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Mwaifuge Eliah S.
Published: October 2022

Literature as representation has not only been able to capture the people’s imagination of a given epoch but has in itself constituted a historical account that goes deeper than mere representation of historical fact. As such, literature is a good tool for historical representation and examination, which complements historical records. Whereas history deals with hard historical facts, literature deals with fictionalised history inspired by historical events or imagination but in either case shaped by the society it represents. Thus, one can read a historical novel as both a fictional and factual representation of the historical fact. In this regard, the paper argues that the intersection between literature and history is inevitable because fiction uses the creative industry to represent historical events with both history and literature being products of society. Using a historical approach, this paper uses Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, Hussein’s Kinjeketile and Rubadili’s “Stanley Meets Mutesa,” which represents the three key genres—novel, drama and poetry, respectively, to interrogate how history and literature are connected. Achebe’s Things Fall Apart depicts the historical encounter during the advent of colonialism. Hussein’s Kinjeketile portrays the struggle between the colonised and the coloniser in the fictionalised Tanganyika. Rubadili’s “Stanley Meets Mutesa” depicts a cruel encounter between the colonised and the coloniser with the colonised seemingly blind to the machinations of the coloniser. The three literary texts are used to illustrate the historical connection between history and literature.
THE NEED FOR REVIVING THE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION OF TANZANIA
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Sheriff Abdul
Published: October 2022

There is an understandable desire to revive what was once a vibrant Historical Association of Tanzania (HAT), but we need to understand the context in which it had arisen, what had given it its vitality, and what were its achievements in the 1960s and 1970s. Therefore, we need to consider half a century later to what extent the context has changed, and whether the needs and demands have changed to require the existence of the association, and if it is necessary to revive it, what form it needs to take.
REVIVING THE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION OF TANZANIA: STRATEGIES AND MECHANICS
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Mihanjo Eginald PAN
Published: October 2022

The Historical Association of Tanzania (HAT) is sailing through troubled waters. A very important subject association since the late 1960s and registered as NGO on 13th May 1999 with number SO 9865, HAT was served with a notice of deregistration effective from May 15, 2015.178 This was indeed a painful turn of event, not only to the HAT members but also history teachers and professionals in Tanzania. This is a subject that is widely read and is indeed the heart of social sciences and humanities as well as promoter of national heritage and patriotism. The association has been very vibrant and prolific publisher and disseminator of historical knowledge in Tanzania, Africa and in the world.
The Representation of Structural Violence in Makuadi wa Soko Huria (The Free Market Pimps)
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Lawi Elizabeth K. Sekwiha-Gwajima
Published: October 2022

This paper examines Chachage Seithy Chachage’s novel titled Makuadi wa Soko Huria (2002), henceforth The Free Market Pimps. The paper draws on an analytical lens of violence developed by John Galtung and on a postcolonial approach in order to carry out a textual analysis of the novel. It argues that globalisation is a form of indirect violence embedded within a socio-political and economic system, and can potentially cause conflicts in postcolonial societies. Using a historical discourse, the author singles out the Rufiji Delta to dissect the implications of globalisation in terms of privatisation and foreign direct investment for the people of Rufiji and Ruhimba in particular and for Tanzanians in general. It is against this historical background that the paper explores the elusive concept of globalisation and the dilemma Tanzania is caught up in, that is, between the ‘Ujamaa’ (socialism) ideology which the country pursued at the onset of independence on the one hand, and neo-colonialism and neo-liberalism on the other.
Book Review
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Chuhila Maxmillian Julius
Published: October 2022

Leander Schneider. Government of Development: Peasants and Politicians in Postcolonial Tanzania. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2014.
Soma Ule (SU): The Political Economy of Corruption in Tanzania, 1960s-2010
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Sadock Musa
Published: October 2022

This article examines the forces that have engendered corruption in Tanzania since independence. Rather than solely associating the causes of corruption with the so called exceptional African or Tanzanian cultural practices as done by some scholars, the paper situates corruption in the changing political economy of Tanzania. By drawing on primary and secondary sources, the paper argues that corruption in Tanzania is embedded in the changing socio-economic, cultural and political forces. The forces include increased discretion power of office holders, moral decline, government policies, economic and global imperatives. This historical study on corruption in Tanzania is important as its findings may be used by stake-holders who are currently involved in interventions against the scourge. Specifically, the stake-holders may draw past lessons which could shed light on refining the current strategies against corruption. Such lessons could entail incorporating into their strategies economic, political and cultural determinants of corruption.
Book Review: Giacomo Corneo. Is Capitalism Obsolete? A Journey through Alternative Economic Systems (translated by Daniel Steuer)
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Sumbai Gasiano G. N.
Published: October 2022

Giacomo Corneo is a professor of Social Policy and Public Finance at the Free University of Berlin, Germany. He starts his analysis by arguing that capitalism is increasingly becoming unpopular in Europe due to its being wasteful as demonstrated in widespread unemployment, injustice and alienation. He points out that high level of inequality in wealth possession is a real threat to both shared prosperity and democracy in Western Europe. His main problem is how to make the world a better place where people share wealth and prosperity. This ideal world could be achieved through adoption of an alternative economic system that would eliminate the basic contradiction found within capitalism, namely that between the social nature of production and the private mode of appropriation of wealth. Alhough capitalism applies advanced science and technology in creating more wealth, its ironic nature is such that a few people enjoy power, wealth and privileges over the poor who are the majority. This creates a polarized society based on appropriation of wealth- the rich on one end and the poor on the other. Corneo engages us in a debate to find out an alternative economic system that will do away with these imbalances in the appropriation and distribution of wealth. Currently, wealth, power and privileges are concentrated on few capitalists with powers to make decisions affecting billions of people in this world. Capitalist principles, laws and institutions promote and protect the right to private property and power.
MAKNA KOKE BALE SEBAGAI TEMPAT PERJUMPAAN DENGAN LELUHUR DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN SPIRITUALITAS MASYARAKAT DI DESA DEMONDEI
Authors: Lolon Agustina Tewo
Published: October 2022

ABSTRAK

Makna Koke Bale sebagai Tempat Perjumpaan dengan Leluhur dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pengembangan Spiritualitas Masyarakat di Desa Demondei. Koke Bale adalah rumah leluhur yang memiliki hubungan erat dengan kepercayaan masyarakat Demondei terhadap arwah nenek moyang. Hal ini diyakini bahwa arwah leluhur memiliki peran yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Koke Bale dipercayai sebagai tempat tinggal dari para lelulur atau kewokot yang memiliki peranan sebagai utusan dari Lera Wulan Tanah Ekan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui makna koke bale dalam kehidupan masyarakat di Desa Demondei.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Locus penelitian di Desa Demondei kecamatan Wotanulumado-Kabupaten Flores Timur. Subjek dalam penelitian sebanyak 5 orang yakni Tuan tanah, tokoh adat, dan tokoh masyarakat. Sedangkan  teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan  oleh peneliti  dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah   pengumpulan data, reduksi data, paparan data dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa masyarakat Demondei melakukan ritual adat ini untuk menghormati para leluhur yang telah meninggal dan sebagai ungkapan rasa syukur atas kehidupan dari Tuhan.
Caatinga: one of the least protected biomes in Brazil
Authors: Buriti Catarina de Oliveira , Barbosa Humberto Alves
Published: October 2022

The Caatinga is a large dry forest ecosystem that covers about 11% of the Brazilian territory. Botanically, it is considered the only uniquely Brazilian biome. It was the agronomist and ecologist from Pernambuco João Vasconcelos Sobrinho (1908-1989) who first proved that the biological heritage of the Caatinga, in addition to being very rich, is unique on the planet . In his honor, the date of April 28 is dedicated to the National Day of the Caatinga, since 2003. In addition to commemorating this date, the Caatinga deserves another warning about its current state of conservation and the urgency of systematic actions to preserve the biome.