bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Rigid Cervical Collar Causing a Marginal Mandibular Branch of Facial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Kaidi Austin C. , Sama Andrew A.
Published: December 2024

Case:

We present a marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve palsy that occurred in a 55-year-old woman from external compression of a rigid cervical collar. This nerve palsy occurred after less than 24 hours of collar utilization and was treated conservatively with delayed recovery.

Conclusion:

A marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve palsy is a rare complication of cervical collar usage with only 1 other documented case in the literature. The resemblance of this palsy to a postoperative cerebrovascular accident makes it an important complication to consider when using a collar.
Bhineka Tunggal Ika and Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy's Indonesian Moderate Fiqh
Authors: Kosasih Engkos , Al Mighwar Muhammad , Harun Makmur , Syaie Akhmad Najibul Khairi , Dorloh Sulaiman
Published: December 2024

Before Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy, Indonesian fiqh was predominantly characterized by a rigid and blind imitation (taqlid) rigidly adopting interpretations from Islamic schools in regions such as the Hijaz, Egypt, and India. These foreign teachings often lacked relevance to Indonesia's cultural context, causing friction between Islamic jurisprudence and local customary law (hukum adat). In response, Hasbi developed an Indonesian fiqh that integrated local traditions, aligning with the national motto Bhineka Tunggal Ika, which UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres praised as crucial for a harmonious future in Southeast Asia. This approach fosters unity through the respectful recognition of cultural diversity. This study explores how sustaining Bhineka Tunggal Ika can be achieved through religious moderation based on Indonesian fiqh, particularly focusing on Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy. Employing qualitative research, the study utilized a literature review and thematic content analysis through four steps: data collection (gathering relevant information), data reduction (filtering out irrelevant data), data display (visually organizing key themes), and inference (synthesising findings to address research questions). This study reveal that Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy's Indonesian fiqh approach strengthens religious moderation by integrating universal Islamic principles with local traditions and promoting peaceful conflict resolution, while being consistent with national regulations-Presidential Regulation 58/2023 and Minister of Religion Regulation 3/2024-that promote unity in diversity and foster social cohesion in Indonesia. Therefore, Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy's Indonesian fiqh modernizes Islamic law by integrating maslahah (public welfare) and urf (cultural practices), moving beyond rigid taqlid, and deserves recognition as a vital source for strengthening religious moderation and sustaining Bhineka Tunggal Ika in Indonesia.
Wahbah Zuhaily on Riqāb: Reshaping its Implementation in South Sulawesi
Authors: Husain Hukmiah , Makkarateng Ma'adul Yaqien , Arafah Muh. , Hasan Hamsah
Published: December 2024

This article examines the contemporary interpretation of riqāb (emancipation of slaves) as a category for zakat recipients, as articulated by Wahbah al-Zuḥaylī, a prominent Islamic jurist. While slavery is no longer a widespread institution, al-Zuḥaylī's reinterpretation of riqāb holds significant implications for addressing modern social issues, particularly those related to poverty and marginalization in South Sulawesi. The study explores potential avenues for zakat distribution to support initiatives that align with the essence of riqāb, such as education, skill development, and debt relief. By applying al-Zuḥaylī's perspective, this research contributes to a broader understanding of zakat's role in social upliftment in the region. This research adopts a qualitative approach, relying primarily on textual analysis and interpretation of al-Zuḥaylī's jurisprudence regarding zakat and riqāb. Secondary sources, including academic articles, reports, and policy documents, are also employed to contextualize the findings within the socioeconomic landscape of South Sulawesi. Reinterpreting the Islamic concept of riqāb in the modern context offers profound implications for both Islamic thought and contemporary society, facilitating a more inclusive and dynamic understanding of zakat’s potential to address pressing social challenges.
Intern insights: Career decisions, aspirations and perspectives from interns in a regional hospital setting
Authors: Hodge Emma , McDougall Jo , Greig Vanessa , Sandford Alan
Published: December 2024

Objective
To identify the factors influencing the decision of interns to pursue prevocational training at a regional hospital, and gain insights into their career aspirations, expectations and concerns as they commence their internship.
Methods
The study involved retrospective analysis of welcome interviews with Postgraduate Year 1 (PGY1) interns during their first rotation at a regional hospital in Queensland, Australia in 2024. The main outcome measures included factors influencing the decision to complete internship at a regional hospital, career aspirations, expectations and concerns for internship.
Results
Interns primarily chose the regional hospital for its positive reputation of being a supportive environment, opportunities for broad generalist clinical experience, and comprised a smooth transition from local regionally based university sites. Career aspirations varied, with popular interests in rural generalism, general practice, emergency medicine, anaesthetics and paediatrics. Interns expected and received hands-on learning experiences, regular patient interaction and broad exposure to various clinical specialties, while concerns included managing workload and adapting to new hospital systems.
Conclusion
Addressing the workforce nurturing and pastoral care needs of interns is crucial for a supportive and fulfilling internship experience. Promoting pastoral care and learning opportunities, are potential points of difference that may imbue reputational growth and ultimately attract interns to regional hospitals and enhance retention, optimising the medical workforce in these areas.
Study on gas production characteristic of waste paper by microwave pyrolysis in silicon carbide reactor
Authors: Lin Xuebin , HUANG Yuanbo , ZHANG Xiaodong , HE Hongzhou
Published: December 2024

An investigation was conducted to analyze the influence of microwave power and the addition of coke on the pyrolysis of tissue paper for gas generation in a silicon carbide reactor. The study revealed that the primary components of syngas obtained through tissue paper microwave pyrolysis are predominantly CO and CO2, constituting approximately 80% of the total. CH4 and H2 make up 15–20% of the total. As microwave power increases, the main pyrolysis gas CO and CO2 is released at a higher temperature. With a microwave power range of 500W-800W and a tissue paper diameter of approximately 6mm, the highest gas production reaches 18.8wt% (130ml•g− 1) at 700W. Adding 10–20% coke can significantly increase the amount of pyrolysis gas produced from waste paper. Once the feedstock had a diameter of approximately 4mm, the gas yield rose initially and then declined when coke was added. The greatest amount of gas produced is 20.5wt% (149.3ml•g− 1) with 20% coke addition.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Cold Events Associated with Climate Change in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Xiao Jingjing , Ma Hao , Guo Fenfen , Ma Shangqian , Zhang Yuhui , Wang Zhihai , liu Zan , Li Zhengquan
Published: December 2024

Based on the daily minimum temperature data from 66 meteorological stations in Zhejiang Province from1971 to 2022, the absolute threshold for "cold days" was established as a daily minimum temperature of ≤ 4 ℃, and "cold events" and "extreme cold events" were defined accordingly. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of cold events and extreme cold events in Zhejiang Province were analyzed under the background of climate change. The results indicated that the number of cold days in Zhejiang Province exhibited a significant decreasing trend from 1971 to 2022, with the most pronounced decline occurring in winter. Cold events in Zhejiang primarily occur during winter, accounting for nearly 70% of the annual total. The frequency of cold events throughout the year demonstrates a downward trend, primarily attributed to the decrease in the frequency of cold events in spring and autumn. The frequency of cold events in winter does not exhibit significant changes and reflects a slight upward trend. The low-value zones of extreme cold events in Zhejiang are located in the southwestern and southeastern coastal areas, while the high-value zones are predominantly found in the coastal regions of central and northern Zhejiang. Extreme cold events predominantly occur in winter (December, January, and February), and the likelihood of such events occurring in March and November is approximately once every century. The primary mode of effective cold accumulated temperature empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis for cold events is the province-wide consistent type, with a variance contribution of 89.4%. The second, third, and fourth modes are identified as the north-south inversion type, the near-triode type, and the northeast-southwest inversion type, respectively.
Preparation of ultramarine green pigments by recycling of the discarded molecular sieves for green vegetation spectral simulation
Authors: Zhou Haoyan , Zu Mei , Tang Xinxuan , Chang Yuanxi , Yang Hongrui , Lv Chenglong , Cheng Haifeng , Li Shiquan
Published: December 2024

Molecular sieves were widely used in the chemical industry, which caused a large number of inactivated molecular sieves to be discarded, resulting in a serious waste of resources and environmental pollution. Recently, recycling of discarded molecular sieves (DMS) has become a research hotspot. This study proposes an economical method using DMS to prepare green pigments mimicking foliage spectrum. The synthesized products were subjected to characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis revealed that sulfur radicals can be effectively incorporated as chromophores within the β-cages that are formed during the recrystallization process of sodalite, these cages are highly conducive to accommodating the radicals, thereby providing a protective environment that shields them from external influences. By adjusting the mass ratio of Na2CO3/S, the visible reflectance spectrum of ultramarine pigments can be easily modified. In addition, camouflage coating based on ultramarine green can be used to simulate the spectral reflectance characteristics of green vegetation. The Spectral Angle Mapping (SAM) system was used to evaluate the simulation effect of the camouflage coating. At a threshold below 98.5%, the camouflage coating still be misidentified as leaves, this method can recycle massive solid waste resources and significantly reduce the preparation cost of imitation green vegetation camouflage pigments.
A tree-based exploration method: utilizing the topology of the map as the basis of goal selection
Authors: Abonyi-Tóth Barbara , Nagy Ákos
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we present a novel method for autonomous robotic exploration using a car-like robot. The proposed method uses the frontiers in the map to build a tree representing the structure of the environment to aid the goal-selection method. An augmentation of the method is also proposed which is able to manage the loops present in the environment. In this case, the environment is represented with a graph structure. A generalization of exploration methods is introduced to simplify the theoretical comparison between exploration methods. Two experiments are described. The first shows, that the success of the Sensor-Based Random Tree method is highly dependent on the dimensions of the environment. In the second experiment, a frontier-based exploration method used with greedy goal selection, the Sensor-Based Random Tree method, and the two proposed exploration methods are compared in three simulated environments. The experiments show, that the proposed methods outperform the existing methods both in the time taken until full exploration and the distance traveled during the exploration. The proposed exploration method was also tested using a real-life robot in an office scenario.
Bovine Teeth as Substitutes for Human Teeth in Dental research: Ultrastructural and Radiographic Analysis
Authors: Ankily Mahmoud Al , Baz Safaa , Mahmoud Heba , Shamel Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Objectives
Obtaining an alternative for human teeth in research remains challenging. The current study aimed to determine the validity of utilizing bovine teeth as a substitute for human teeth.
Materials and Methods
Sound human maxillary premolars and bovine permanent lower central incisors were obtained. The human and bovine teeth were divided into groups (n = 35) for scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis alongside energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and optical radiographic density.
Statistical analysis:
The data was statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with a two-sample t-test, comparing the means of each two groups. The results were expressed as means ± standard deviations, and statistical significance was determined at an alpha of 0.05.
Results
SEM analysis of human and bovine samples in different hard tissues showed minor changes, mainly the human enamel had a smoother surface with distinct prism profiles, whereas the bovine dentin had larger and more widely separated dentinal tubules. EDX analysis revealed that the compositions of Ca and P, along with their Ca/P ratios in terms of enamel, dentin, and cementum, were comparable. For radiographic density, the findings revealed minor differences between human and bovine samples. No statistically significant differences among the studied groups were detected.
Conclusions
This study revealed minor variations in structure, chemical composition, and radiographic density between human and bovine hard tissues, but without statistical significance, supporting the utilization of bovine teeth as a substitute for that of humans in dental research.
Nitrogen Doping into Thin and Thick Coatings for Nano-structuring and Nano-texturing by Plasma Immersion Nitriding
Authors: Aizawa T. , Fukuda T.
Published: December 2024

A thin gold film, a poly-crystalline diamond (PCD) coating and a carbon-supersaturated thick SiC (Silicon Carbide) coating, were nitrogen-doped or N-doped by using the plasma immersion nitriding. The N-doped gold thin film was characterized by lattice straining up to 3–5% and by hardening to 300 HV via the massive nitrogen supersaturation (MNS). The N-doped PCD was nano-textured to have a fine acicular-texture array on the PCD surface via self-organization process. The massively carbon supersaturated (MCSed) SiC thick coating was N-doped and characterized by the enrichment of carbon-rich clusters along the 6H-structured SiC grain boundaries. The masking technique was employed to describe the difference in microstructures and electric resistivity between the N-doped and undoped MCSed SiC coatings. N-doping induced the reduction of SiC grain size as well as the increase of stacking faults in the SiC grains as well as carbon-rich clusters along the SiC grain boundaries. The electric resistivity was reduced to 1/2 to 1/3 by this N-doping. Various functions were accommodated to thin and thick coatings by the nitrogen doping via the plasma immersion nitriding.
Using simulation modelling to evaluate the relative efficacy of core area and corridor-based conservation designs for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Macdonald Ewan A. , Macdonald David W. , Cushman Sam A.
Published: December 2024

CONTEXT: The efficient and effective design of protected areas is a fundamental challenge in landscape ecology, focusing on how spatial patterns of habitat influence conservation outcomes. This has sparked debate about the relative importance of habitat area versus connectivity in maintaining populations across fragmented landscapes.
OBJECTIVES: We evaluate the relative importance of habitat area and connectivity by comparing counterfactual scenarios for landscape configuration on Borneo. We examine how habitat area and connectivity influence Sunda clouded leopard population size and genetic diversity across scenarios and dispersal abilities.
METHODS: We compared 28 landscape scenarios on Borneo, incorporating all plausible combinations of core areas and movement corridors. Using spatially explicit genetic simulations, we modelled clouded leopard population size and genetic diversity metrics across five dispersal thresholds to compare how area and connectivity influence conservation outcomes.
RESULTS: Our analysis reveals a strong, disproportionate relationship between landscape area and population size and genetic diversity. Even when accounting for landscape area, larger areas consistently provide superior conservation outcomes. Corridors showed minimal impact, becoming effective only at the highest dispersal thresholds. Habitat area emerged as the primary driver of conservation success, challenging assumptions about the importance of connectivity and highlighting the complex interactions between landscape configuration and species mobility.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings challenge paradigms in landscape ecology by demonstrating habitat area is more critical for biodiversity conservation than connectivity, especially where corridor lengths exceed species' dispersal abilities. Conservation strategies should therefore prioritise expanding core habitat areas, with corridor investments strategically targeted to highly mobile species.
Reflectance spectroscopy analysis of Si-doped β-Ga₂O₃ films grown by MOVPE: The influence of doping concentration and substrate conductivity
Authors: Chou Ta-Shun , Anooz Saud Bin , Galazka Zbigniew , Albrecht Martin , Fiedler Andreas , Popp Andreas
Published: December 2024

This study examines the feasibility of using in-situ reflectance measurement for Si-doped β-Ga2O3 films homoepitaxially grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy on substrates with varying conductivity (semi-insulating (Mg-doped) and conductive (Si-doped)). Interference oscillation patterns were observed in the wavelength region well below the band gap absorption, with the oscillation amplitudes showing a significant dependence on the doping concentrations of the grown films. Reflectance spectroscopy enables the estimation of growth rate and doping level based on the period and amplitude of the observed Fabry-Pérot oscillations, respectively. These oscillations occur due to the refractive index difference between the grown film and the substrate, which is influenced by doping in the homoepitaxy process and estimated by the Drude model.
Sandia National Laboratories Impacts
Authors: Wallner Michael P. , Zook Michelle , Hutton Joe , Jorgensen Cara , Peterson Jeff , Lewandowski Brian , Lynn David
Published: December 2024

Technology transfer (T2) from government laboratories to private sector partners is an activity encouraged by the federal government through policy mandates. This study evaluates the economic outcomes of T2 contracts between Sandia National Laboratories and outside partners between
2000 and 2010 to quantify the economic contribution of these agreements to the U. S. economy and identify their practical value to the federal government. The research team surveyed T2 partners by asking questions regarding sales of new products and services resulting from the T2 agreements.
They asked additional questions of companies whose agreements focused on nuclear weapons, stockpiles, and non-proliferation. The team obtained full or partial information from 93% of the Cooperative Research and Development agreements and license agreements. The IMPLAN economic impact assessment
model was used to estimate the economic impact of the related technologies. Major findings from the study included $53.7 billion in total sales of new products and services from these agreements, including $21.9 billion in sales of products to the government. The total economic
impact nationwide was $95.9 billion. Other findings included $9.9 billion in new tax revenues, nearly $1.7 billion in estimated cost savings, and 434,464 jobs supported, with an average compensation of approximately $69,000 per year.
AI and Inventorship Guidance: Incentivizing Human Ingenuity and Investment in AI-assisted Inventions
Authors: Vidal Kathi
Published: December 2024

Following the Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the U. S. Department of Commerce has issued guidance on AI-assisted inventions via the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). This framework ensures that
human contributions are significant enough for patent eligibility based on the Federal Circuit's "significant contribution" test. The guidance clarifies that AI-assisted inventions are not categorically unpatentable and outlines criteria for naming human inventors. Additionally, the USPTO
is collaborating with the U. S. Copyright Office on copyright issues related to AI. The USPTO's efforts include updating patent eligibility guidelines for AI innovations and engaging internationally to harmonize AI policies. These initiatives aim to balance the promotion of human ingenuity
with the advancement of AI technologies, thus supporting a safe and innovative future.
Effect of corporate voluntary disclosure on corporate performance: Evidence from a transitional economy
Authors: Hoq Masum Mofijul , James Bakul Sarkar , Nazmul Hassan
Published: December 2024

Corporate performance is one of the core pillars of accelerating the economic growth of any economy. There are some direct and indirect components of corporate performance. This study is conducted to measure the impact of indirect factors, such as corporate voluntary disclosures, on corporate performance. A sample of 872 annual reports is investigated. A content analysis has been conducted to measure voluntary disclosure. The study employs the short panel data, fixed model regression, and Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE). The analysis indicates that corporate voluntary disclosure has influenced the return on assets with a regression coefficient of 0.0724 at p ≤ 0.01. Corporate voluntary disclosure in the transitional economy significantly influences corporate performance. However, the volume of corporate voluntary reporting in energy-related disclosure and climate-related disclosure is minimal, as the mean is only 2.21% and 2.31%. This implies that the government of the transitional economy may focus on persuading corporations to disclose additional information besides mandatory disclosure. In addition, indirect determinant of corporate performance, like corporate voluntary disclosure, brings sustainability to corporate performance, which further assists the transitional economy in shifting its economic status from one dimension to another.
AcknowledgmentThe authors are very thankful to the Institute of Advanced Research, United International University, Bangladesh, for providing partial funds to complete this empirical study.This project is partially funded by the Institute for Advanced Research Publication Grant of United International University, Ref. No.: IAR-2024-Pub-069.
Issues of proving the good faith behaviour of a participant in a procurement procedure under the federal contract system: Law enforcement practice
Authors:   St. Petersburg Department of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia, Moroz Egor V. , Sharma Yash ,   O. P. Jindal Global University
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to practical issues related to maintaining the Register of unscrupulous
suppliers (contractors, performers) within the framework of the federal contract system in the
field of procurement of goods, works and services. Inclusion of information in the register is
a legal measure of liability applied to entities that have committed dishonest behavior as part
of the fulfillment of obligations provided for participants in procurement procedures, and is
carried out by the Federal Antimonopoly Service and its territorial bodies. The article analyzes
issues related to a procurement participant proving its integrity within the framework
of meetings of the antimonopoly authority commission and court proceedings. Based on law
enforcement practice (decisions of the administration of the Federal Antimonopoly Service
of Russia for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, as well as Decisions and Resolutions
of arbitration courts), the author identifies the main types of circumstances accepted by the
courts and antimonopoly authorities as confirmation of the good faith of the procurement
participant: the payment by the participant of a performance security state contract, the presence
of evidence of preparation for the execution of a state contract, the business reputation
of the procurement participant, as well as a petition from the state/municipal customer not to
include information in the Register of Unscrupulous Suppliers. At the same time, the author
concludes that the courts are much more loyal to the arguments presented by the procurement
participant, taking into account, among other things, those circumstances that were not accepted
by the commission of the antimonopoly authority — in particular, we are talking about
the business reputation of the procurement participant and the position of the government /
municipal customer.
Descortinando a interdisciplinaridade do espectro kitsch à luz da Gestalt
Authors: Santana Sérgio Rodrigues de , Menezes Lília Mara , Cruz Annebelle Pena Lima Magalhães , Martins Eliane Epifane , Souza Kelly Christiane Silva de Souza
Published: December 2024

A Interdisciplinaridade é uma orientação epistêmica e constituída de muitas dimensões e os protocolos de aplicação, mas algumas vezes banalizada quando envolvida pelo Kitsch, uma força fugaz e acrítica que atravessa a ciência, e que incide sobre à Interdisciplinaridade a configurando como um brecholê, uma junção sem reflexão e critérios. A vista disso, como ocorre a percepção da Interdisciplinaridade através da perspectiva Kitsch? O objetivo versou em descortinar através da Gestalt a Interdisciplinaridade do fenômeno Kitsch. A Gestalt foca os estudos da ‘percepção’, ela procura intensificar o fato de que a compreensão do todo é o processo preliminar de compreensão da realidade para, posteriormente possamos compreender os fragmentos. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, pois versa em ações subjetivas sobre a Interdisciplinaridade e a Hermenêutica como método através dos círculos de investigação para compressão exploratória que permite explorar novos fenômeno poucos conhecidos e construir hipóteses. Alguns dos resultados preliminares desta pesquisa na forma de hipótese infere que há uma ligação em evolução entre o Kitsch e a Interdisciplinaridade.
Emerging Role of NAT10 as ac4C Writer in Inflammatory Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Zhang Wencheng , Lu Weiping , Wang Min , Yao Di , Ma Jun , Hu Xiaoyan , Tao Mengyuan
Published: December 2024

The incidence of inflammatory diseases, including infections, autoimmune disorders,
and tumors, is consistently increasing year by year, posing a significant and growing threat to human
health on a global scale. Recent research has indicated that RNA acetylation modification, a
specific type of post-transcriptional modification, may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of these
diseases. Among the various mechanisms of RNA modification, N-acetyltransferase 10
(NAT10) has been identified as the sole cytidine acetyltransferase in eukaryotes. NAT10 is responsible
for acetylating mRNA cytosine, which leads to the formation of N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), a
modification that subsequently influences mRNA stability and translation efficiency. Despite these
insights, the specific roles and underlying mechanisms by which RNA acetylation contributes
to the onset and progression of inflammatory diseases remain largely unclear. This review aimed
to elucidate the alterations in NAT10 expression, the modifications it induces in target genes, and
its overall contribution to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory conditions. It has been observed
that NAT10 expression tends to increase in most inflammatory conditions, thereby affecting
the expression and function of target genes through the formation of ac4C. Furthermore, inhibitors
targeting NAT10 present promising therapeutic avenues for treating inflammatory diseases by
selectively blocking NAT10 activity, thereby preventing the modification of target genes and suppressing
immune cell activation and inflammatory responses. This potential for therapeutic intervention
underscores the critical importance of further research on NAT10's role in inflammatory
disease pathogenesis, as understanding these mechanisms could lead to significant advancements
in treatment strategies, potentially transforming the therapeutic landscape for these conditions.
The Frequency and Severity of Post-vaccination Reactions after Vaccination against COVID-19 in Sudanese Health Workers in Khartoum Governmental Hospitals, 2021
Authors: Awad Tasneem A. , Mahmoud Toga
Published: December 2024

Background

COVID-19 has been ascribed to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations varying from asymptomatic, minor flu-like symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia and death. Vaccinations against COVID-19 are counted to be of great significance to prevent and control COVID-19. This study aims to verify the actual frequency of vaccine reactions after vaccination against COVID-19 and their severity.

Materials and Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2021 in Three of Khartoum’s government hospitals. The study population included Sudanese health workers who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccinations. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 24.

Results

This study covered 200 participants, who received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, of them, 129 (64.5%) were female, with a mean age of 33.13 ± 5.860 (mean ± SD) years. The male mean age was 35.59 ± 7.996 years. Pain is the most common local reaction that occurs in participants with 73.0%. Unusual fatigue, fever, and headache showed the most systemic post-vaccination reactions that occurred among participants, with percentages of 56.5%, 43.0%, and 34.5%, respectively. There is an insignificant association between having a previous COVID-19 infection and developing local and systemic post-vaccination reactions. Also, comorbidities appeared to have an insignificant association with developing local or systemic post-vaccination reactions. Systemic post-vaccination reactions showed a significant association with participants need for post-vaccination medical care.

Conclusions

The majority of Sudanese health workers received AstraZeneca Company COVID-19 and showed local and systemic post-vaccination reactions that did not need medical care in most of them. Results provide assurance about the high level of safety of COVID-19 vaccines.
EVALUATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING TREATMENT RESULTS AND SMOKING CESSATION PROCESS IN THOSE WHO APPLIED TO THE SMOKING CESSATION OUTPATIENT CLINIC
Authors: Yavuzer Engin , Kutlu Ruhuşen
Published: December 2024

Aim: Quitting smoking will prevent health problems that can be caused by smoking. This study aimed to evaluate the factors that influence the success of quitting smoking and the process of quitting smoking.
Materials and Methods: In the presented study, 1812 patients applied to the smoking cessation outpatient clinic between January 2017 and December 2019. This study was completed with 957 patients. All participants were included in the motivational and pharmacological treatment program. Patient records were reviewed retrospectively. Between February 2020 and August 2020, patients' registered telephone numbers were called to ask about their current smoking status and the factors influencing it.
Results: It was found that 26.4% (n=253) of the participants quit smoking, 18.6% (n=178) did not quit, and 55% (n=526) quit and started again. Those who had tried to quit once (p=0.032), those who were unemployed (p<0.001), those who received free treatment, (p=0.007) and those who adhered to the three-month treatment program (p<0.001) were significantly more successful. Those who reported that motivation was the factor that most facilitated the process were significantly more successful (p<0.001). Drinking water was found to be the most effective way to resist the urge to smoke (p<0.001). The most common compelling factor was the urge to smoke, and the most common cause of relapse was stress.
Conclusion: Our study found that motivation, adherence to the three-month treatment program, and resisting the urge to smoke with drinking water were the factors that most increased quitting success.
Development and Application of Geography Board Games as Education Tools
Authors: Mohd Nurazila Atika , Mohd Najib Sumayyah Aimi
Published: December 2024

Geography education is becoming increasingly worrying when the subject of Geography becomes an elective subject. Geography education is becoming less of interest is due to the extensive content of learning plus the lack of learning materials and complete materials such as interactive and humanistic teaching materials are needed to make learning more meaningful. Innovative steps must be taken to ensure the effectiveness of teaching and learning systems in educational institutions. As a result, the development of a Geography based board game was developed as an alternative to this problem. In addition, it aims to provide geography-related education to students, especially students from 1st to 3rd grades. The methodology used in this study is qualitative through observations, interviews and data analysis. The development of this board game uses the "Gamified System Development Process". The development of this game board consists of two main phases namely (1) goal building and (2) interactive design. Pioneer studies show that students show a deep interest in Geobox. Geobox consists of the main mechanisms of points, levels, challenges, game boards and rewards (gifts and charity). Development and production of the prototype board game “Geobox” which covers the subject of Malaysian entity in the Geography textbook form1 to 3 namely the topic of drains and bodies of water, the landforms, flora and fauna, transportation, man and the identification of Malaysia.
Evaluation of a Computer-Based Morphological Analysis Method for Free-Text Responses in the General Medicine In-Training Examination: Algorithm Validation Study
Authors: Yokokawa Daiki , Shikino Kiyoshi , Nishizaki Yuji , Fukui Sho , Tokuda Yasuharu
Published: December 2024

Background

The General Medicine In-Training Examination (GM-ITE) tests clinical knowledge in a 2-year postgraduate residency program in Japan. In the academic year 2021, as a domain of medical safety, the GM-ITE included questions regarding the diagnosis from medical history and physical findings through video viewing and the skills in presenting a case. Examinees watched a video or audio recording of a patient examination and provided free-text responses. However, the human cost of scoring free-text answers may limit the implementation of GM-ITE. A simple morphological analysis and word-matching model, thus, can be used to score free-text responses.

Objective

This study aimed to compare human versus computer scoring of free-text responses and qualitatively evaluate the discrepancies between human- and machine-generated scores to assess the efficacy of machine scoring.

Methods

After obtaining consent for participation in the study, the authors used text data from residents who voluntarily answered the GM-ITE patient reproduction video-based questions involving simulated patients. The GM-ITE used video-based questions to simulate a patient’s consultation in the emergency room with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism following a fracture. Residents provided statements for the case presentation. We obtained human-generated scores by collating the results of 2 independent scorers and machine-generated scores by converting the free-text responses into a word sequence through segmentation and morphological analysis and matching them with a prepared list of correct answers in 2022.

Results

Of the 104 responses collected—63 for postgraduate year 1 and 41 for postgraduate year 2—39 cases remained for final analysis after excluding invalid responses. The authors found discrepancies between human and machine scoring in 14 questions (7.2%); some were due to shortcomings in machine scoring that could be resolved by maintaining a list of correct words and dictionaries, whereas others were due to human error.

Conclusions

Machine scoring is comparable to human scoring. It requires a simple program and calibration but can potentially reduce the cost of scoring free-text responses.
Association Between Sociodemographic Factors and Vaccine Acceptance for Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in South Korea: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hong Seohyun , Son Yejun , Lee Myeongcheol , Lee Jun Hyuk , Park Jaeyu , Lee Hayeon , Dragioti Elena , Fond Guillaume , Boyer Laurent , López Sánchez Guillermo Felipe , Smith Lee , Tully Mark A , Rahmati Masoud , Choi Yong Sung , Lee Young Joo , Yeo Seung Geun , Woo Selin , Yon Dong Keon
Published: December 2024

Background

The imperative arises to study the impact of socioeconomic factors on the acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines amid changes in immunization policies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

To enhance targeted public health strategies and improve age-specific policies based on identified risk factors, this study investigated the associations between sociodemographic factors and vaccination behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, with emphasis on age-specific vaccine cost policies.

Methods

This study analyzed data from the Korean Community Health Survey 2019‐2022 with 507,964 participants to investigate the impact of age-specific policies on vaccination behaviors during the pandemic period. Cohorts aged 19‐64 years and 65 years or older were stratified based on age (years), sociodemographic factors, and health indicators. The cohorts were investigated to assess the influence of relevant risk factors on vaccine acceptance under the pandemic by using weighted odds ratio and ratio of odds ratio (ROR).

Results

Among 507,964 participants, the acceptance of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (COVID-19 vaccine) was higher among individuals with factors possibly indicating higher socioeconomic status, such as higher education level (age 19‐64 years: ROR 1.34; 95% CI 1.27‐1.40 and age ≥65 years: ROR 1.19; 95% CI 1.01‐1.41) and higher income (age 19‐64 years: ROR 1.67; 95% CI 1.58‐1.76 and age ≥65 years: ROR 1.21; 95% CI 1.06‐1.38) for both age cohorts compared to influenza vaccine acceptance before the pandemic. In the context of influenza vaccination during the pandemic, the older cohort exhibited vaccine hesitancy associated with health care mobility factors such as lower general health status (ROR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81‐0.97).

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategies should focus on reducing hesitancy among individuals with lower social participation. To improve influenza vaccine acceptance during the pandemic, strategies for the younger cohort should focus on individuals with lower social participation, while efforts for the older cohort should prioritize individuals with limited access to health care services.
The Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Resilience in the General Population: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Xinyi , Malli Melina Aikaterini , Cosco Theodore D , Zhou Guangyu
Published: December 2024

Background

Resilience can protect individuals from the negative impact of adversity, facilitating a swift recovery. The exploration of protective factors contributing to resilience has been a central focus of research. Self-compassion, a positive psychological construct that involves treating oneself with kindness, holds the potential to bolster resilience. Although several studies have indicated an association between self-compassion and resilience, there is a lack of systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining this relationship and the potential moderators and mechanisms.

Objective

This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the relationship between self-compassion and resilience in the general population, perform a meta-analysis to quantify the effect size of their association, and explore potential moderators (eg, age, gender, culture, and health status) and mediators.

Methods

We will search the Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and CNKI databases for peer-reviewed studies (including observational and experimental studies) that examined the relationship between self-compassion and resilience, with no language restrictions. There are no restrictions regarding participants’ age, gender, culture, or health status. Qualitative studies, conference abstracts, review articles, case reports, and editorials will be excluded. Two reviewers (XL and JH) will independently screen the literature, extract data, and assess the quality of the eligible studies. If possible, the pooled effect size between self-compassion and resilience will be meta-analyzed using a random-effect model. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis will be conducted to examine the moderating roles of age, gender, culture, health status, and other potential moderators. The characteristics and main findings of eligible studies will be summarized in tables and narrative descriptions. Results from the meta-analysis, meta-regression, and subgroup analysis will be presented quantitatively.

Results

We registered our protocol with PROSPERO, conducted the search, and initiated the screening in April 2024. We expect to start data analysis in October 2024 and finalize the review by March 2025.

Conclusions

The systematic review and meta-analysis will provide evidence on the protective role of self-compassion in resilience under adversity. Our investigation into potential moderators will highlight the contexts and groups where the benefits of self-compassion can be maximized. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for health care professionals and stakeholders, informing the development of interventions aimed at enhancing resilience by fostering self-compassion.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42024534390; https://tinyurl.com/3j3rmcja

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/60154
Increasing Knowledge in Healthy Lifestyle of Nutrition Education in Samarinda Senior High Schools
Authors: Wisnuwardani Ratih Wirapuspita
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Nutrition education plays a crucial role in promoting a healthy lifestyle, including the consumption of nutritious food, as part of efforts to prevent anemia and stunting in Samarinda, East Kalimantan. This study aimed to evaluate the association between nutrition education and knowledge of healthy behaviors in Samarinda adolescents.Methods: A pra-experimental study was used in this study among 59 high school students in Samarinda. Knowledge was measured by questionnaire. Paired t-test was used for the statistical analysis.Results: An improvement in knowledge before and after face-to-face nutritional education was found in this study (p < 0.001)Conclusion: There is an effect of providing education to increase knowledge in the nutrition education among adolescents.
Promoting Noise Awareness among Parents of Students at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal (ABA) Kentungan Kindergarten in Yogyakarta
Authors: Fakhriani Rizka , Medawati Ana
Published: December 2024

Noise exposure is a problem in children due to the vulnerability of the growing auditory system and its impact on hearing and quality of life during early developmental phases, which might influence a child's future path. Hearing loss can be minimized by implementing educational programs, regulations, and laws to increase awareness and proactively limit damage from noise. This article will describe the noise awareness empowerment programs for parents of Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal (ABA) Kentungan Kindergarten in Yogyakarta. The program's results indicated that the average score of participants' knowledge before the program started was 51.6 out of 100. The average score increased to 82.9 after the program. The community empowerment team recommends that all parents understand the importance of protecting children's environment from excessive noise exposure. Furthermore, teachers can help by providing a suitable environment and encouraging safer listening habits with Personal Listening Devices (PLDs). The government should initiate campaigns to increase public awareness of excessive noise exposure and regulate the standard volume of toys and sleep machines for newborns and children.
Awareness Education on the Prevention and Control of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Medical Students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Authors: Widuri Asti , Daniswara Deoni , Herdini Camelia
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Respiratory tract infections are a subject of public health concern since they are widely prevalent and have significant rates of illness and death reported globally. Viruses trigger the majority of these respiratory infections, but bacteria also trigger some. Current measures in prevention efforts are to limit the spread of cases. Health education is crucial in preventing and managing infectious diseases. Based on the background that has been described, the service team of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, conducted awareness education on the prevention and control of upper respiratory tract infections in medical students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.Methods: The participants of this community service consisted of 49 students. This community service program was carried out in March 2024. The techniques used in the implementation of this program in detail are preparation before the implementation of community service, pretest, providing educational material on how to prevent and control upper respiratory tract infections, and ending with posttest activities.Results: The analysis found a statistically significant increase in knowledge (p=0.000) from before education to after education.Conclusion: In this study, education on how to prevent and manage upper respiratory tract infections proved significant in enhancing knowledge.
НЕПРЕРЫВНАЯ НАВИГАЦИЯ ВНУТРИ И СНАРУЖИ ПОМЕЩЕНИЙ ДЛЯ РОБОТИЗИРОВАННОЙ ЛОГИСТИКИ
Authors: Старовойтов Е. , Скиба Е.
Published: December 2024

Рассмотрена проблема обеспечения непрерывной или сквозной
навигации роботов и беспилотных транспортных средств в процессе
их движения внутри и снаружи сооружений. Предложен способ
непрерывной навигации при переходе из зоны устойчивого приема
локальной системы навигации (или глобальной спутниковой
навигационной системы) на открытой местности в экранирующее
сооружение с установленной системой Indoor-навигации и обратно.
Представлен навигационный алгоритм движения беспилотного
транспортного средства, доставляющего груз из одного
экранированного сооружения в другое.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЛАЗЕРНЫХ СКАНИРУЮЩИХ СИСТЕМ ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ДЕФЕКТОВ ФОРМЫ
Authors: Епифанцев К.
Published: December 2024

Описывается ряд экспериментов, проведенных за несколько лет
в Физическом институте Академии наук им. П.Н.Лебедева, в лаборатории
«Цифровой метрологии» ФГАОУВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный
университет аэрокосмического приборостроения» и в испытательной
лаборатории АО «Бортовые аэронавигационные системы». Исследовались
лазерные сканирующие системы для измерения дефектов формы
на примере деталей из дюралюминиевых и конструкционных сплавов.
Сделаны выводы по наиболее рационально собранным схемам
лазерных установок, имеющих максимальный отклик и стабильность.
Сравниваются результаты оптических и контактных измерений.