bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patriarcapitalism? Towards an Intertwined History of Inheritance law and Capitalism from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution (c. 1350–1850)
Authors: Campagne Armel
Published: October 2024

This article examines the patriarchal nature of inheritance law in late medieval and early modern England, the existence of an aristocratic offensive in the field of law against women’s inheritance rights between the 14th and the 18th century, and the relation between this offensive and the rise of agrarian capitalism. It then investigates the favorable effects of this legal legacy on the accumulation and concentration of the means of agrarian, coal and industrial commodity production in the hands of a minority of male aristocrats and bourgeois who played a significant role in the making of the Industrial Revolution.
Detection of morphine and data processing using surface plasmon resonance imaging sensor
Authors: Sun Jianuo , Ke Haokun , Wang Jinghan , Du Xianchao , Hao Hongxia , Zhou Hong
Published: October 2024

Based on the surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) instrument, we established a new method of analyzing morphine in urine by processing a calibration curve. According to an inhibition immunoassay, gradient concentration of morphine and morphine-BSA fixed on the chip competitively combine with morphine antibody on the chip. Given the three mathematical models, the data of SPRi signals generated from SPRi with morphine was processed to obtain the calibration curve. Ultrafiltration was used to pretreat blank urine samples with adding morphine, and then investigated the advantages and disadvantages of each model. With a limit detection of 6.57 ng·mL−1, the method and mathematical models can provide robust support for SPRi sensors used in further environmental detection, such as the epidemiological study of sewage.
Patriarchal Restrictions and Maternal Manoeuvres: Igbo Women’s Quest for Land Inheritance Rights
Authors: Onyebueke Victor , Nwosu Bernard , Uwaezuoke Nonso , Juliet Akalemeaku Okwuchi , Nnamani Collins , Olumba Ezenwa E.
Published: October 2024

We examine the nature of maternal manoeuvres practised by Igbo women of Nigeria in negotiating access to resources under the traditional restrictive customary system and the contemporary plural legal framework. While extant feminist scholarship on African patriarchy often highlights discrimination and violations of women’s property rights, it rarely acknowledges the subtle strategies women use to navigate male-dominated societies, especially regarding land rights and inheritance. Among the Igbo, women have instrumentalized certain practices that uphold the patriarchal system for land access, inheritance, and succession. While employing a mix of socio-legal and discourse analysis and collaborative autoethnography, our study explores the traditional phase of silent politics of access, including practices like the female husband or woman-to-woman marriage, traditional single parenthood (nrachi), levirate marriage (nkuchi), and concubinage. We also delve into the modern phase, where women use Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs), child adoption, litigation, and legal instruments for property access. Our findings show that despite patriarchal biases in land rights, women navigate and assert their resource access using both traditional and modern methods.
Zinc and copper effect mechanical cell adhesion properties of the amyloid precursor protein
Authors: August Alexander , Hartmann Sabrina , Schilling Sandra , Müller-Renno Christine , Begic Tarik , Pierik Antonio J. , Ziegler Christiane , Kins Stefan
Published: October 2024

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) can be modulated by the binding of copper and zinc ions. Both ions bind with low nanomolar affinities to both subdomains (E1 and E2) in the extracellular domain of APP. However, the impact of ion binding on structural and mechanical trans-dimerization properties is yet unclear. Using a bead aggregation assay (BAA), we found that zinc ions increase the dimerization of both subdomains, while copper promotes only dimerization of the E1 domain. In line with this, scanning force spectroscopy (SFS) analysis revealed an increase in APP adhesion force up to three-fold for copper and zinc. Interestingly, however, copper did not alter the separation length of APP dimers, whereas high zinc concentrations caused alterations in the structural features and a decrease of separation length. Together, our data provide clear differences in copper and zinc mediated APP trans-dimerization and indicate that zinc binding might favor a less flexible APP structure. This fact is of significant interest since changes in zinc and copper ion homeostasis are observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and were reported to affect synaptic plasticity. Thus, modulation of APP trans-dimerization by copper and zinc could contribute to early synaptic instability in AD.
Nutritional guidance through digital media for glycemic control of women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Valença Marlene Carvalho Teixeira , França Marcelo Santucci , Mattar Rosiane , Dualib Patricia Medici , Sanchez Victor Hugo Saucedo , de Almeida-Pititto Bianca , Araujo Júnior Edward , Traina Evelyn
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To compare the effectiveness of outpatient nutritional guidance supplemented by digital media with exclusively standard outpatient nutritional guidance in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

This was a randomized, patient-blinded clinical trial conducted at the Diabetes and Pregnancy outpatient clinic from February 2021 to January 2023. Pregnant women with GDM were randomly allocated into two groups: the control group received exclusively outpatient nutritional guidance, and the Intervention Group received outpatient nutritional guidance along with reminders via WhatsApp. Dietary intake (calories, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and fibers) was evaluated using 24 h dietary recalls. Glycemic control and the need for pharmacological treatment were also assessed.

Results

A total of 81 women were included, 34 allocated to the control group, and 47 to the intervention group. Patients were followed for a period of 4–8 weeks. Significant differences were observed in some points of glycemic control between the two groups over the follow-up period. There were no statistical differences in pharmacological therapy (p=0.498); 188 24 h dietary recall were conducted in the control group and 290 in the intervention group. A statistically significant increase in lipid intake was observed in the intervention group over the follow-up period compared to the control group (p<0.001). No changes in calorie intake, other macronutrients, or fiber consumption were noted.

Conclusions

Glycemic control was significantly improved with the addition of frequent text reminders about dietary choices, and a significant increase in lipid intake was seen in all women, more so in the reminder group.
Human foot cutaneous receptors function: clinical findings and prospects of using medical devices to stimulate mechanoreceptors in neurorehabilitation
Authors: Riabova Alexandra , Bekreneva Maria , Saveko Alina
Published: October 2024

The effectiveness of the support stimulation of the mechanoreceptors of the feet has been first shown in space medicine. In space flight during support withdrawal with non-use of postural muscle, this method is a countermeasure against sensorimotor disorders. Later, it was applied in clinical practice as treatment of motor disorders after stroke, in Parkinson’s disease, infantile cerebral palsy, neuropathies, and many others. The impact of such stimulation on motor control is due to spinal and supraspinal mechanisms, which are activated by creating an additional support afferent input through the plantar surface. Many studies confirmed the positive effect of support stimulation on motor control, but the protocols of such stimulation remain the subject of active discussion. This review includes (1) the features of sensitivity of the foot sole cutaneous afferents to the support mechanical stimuli, (2) data on spinal and supraspinal responses of the nervous system to support stimulation, and (3) the results of applying this approach in neurological practice via various techniques. Summarizing this information, the authors highlight the most promising ways and types of medical devices for foot support stimulation in neurology.
Cystatin C alleviates unconjugated bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity by promoting bilirubin clearance from neurocytes via exosomes, dependent on hepatocyte UGT1A1 activity
Authors: Du Yating , Li Zhenkun
Published: October 2024

There is an urgent need to identify effective drugs for the treatment of nerve injury caused by unconjugated bilirubin (UCB). Our previous research found that cystatin C (CST3) alleviates UCB-induced neurotoxicity by promoting autophagy in nerve cells, but that autophagy inhibitors did not completely inhibit the effects of CST3. This study investigated whether CST3 could alleviate the neurotoxicity of UCB by promoting the secretion and transport of exosomes containing UCB to the liver for metabolism. It demonstrated that hyperbilirubinemia mice treated with CST3 had a higher number of serum exosomes than those in hyperbilirubinemia mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline. CST3-mediated protection against UCB-induced damage was abolished when autophagy and extracellular vesicle inhibitors were used in combination. The number of exosomes in the CST3 overexpression group was higher than that in the control group. Molecular docking experiments showed that UCB and CST3 had high docking score (−8.2). These results suggest that UCB may be excreted from cells by exosomes, and CST3 may promote this process by binding to UCB and entering the exosomes. We demonstrated that the effect of CST3 relied on liver cells with normal UDP-glucuronyl transferase1A1 (UGT1A1) activity in a coculture system of HT22 and L02 cells. CST3 levels were lower in exosomes secreted by L02 cells than in those secreted by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), whereas CST3 levels were higher in the culture supernatants of L02 cells than in the culture supernatants of HUVECs. This suggests that UCB exosomes in L02 cells may be released and internalized by CST3 and that UCB is then processed by UGT1A1 to conjugate UCB, thus reducing its toxicity. These results suggest that CST3 might alleviate UCB-induced neurotoxicity by promoting the clearance of UCB from cells via exosomes and that these effects are dependent on UGT1A1 activity in liver cells.
Narrativa, tempo e memória: subjetividades sobre vacina e seus efeitos políticos na saúde
Authors: BORGES W. C. , BORGES V. C. Q.
Published: October 2024

Narratives are produced, put into circulation and serve as references for social actors to give meaning to their actions. Based on this communication circuit and the way the so-called commercial media constructs its statements, we have been interested in observing how the meanings about the vaccine and vaccination, compulsory or not, that have circulated during the covid-19 pandemic in the newspapers Correio Braziliense, O Globo and O Estado de São Paulo have been constructed and how much these meanings are immersed - and to what extent they can be understood - in a field of disputes. Understanding this process from the perspective of the field of Communication and Health, it becomes possible to identify traces, clues, signs of a complex game that is established around the way in which the right to health can be exercised. These narrative strategies, intertwined with time and memory, configure forms of action in the world whose marks are very long-lasting. By using the aesthetic-expressive paradigm to identify these characteristics, it becomes possible to understand that resorting to a certain immunizer over others is less than a simple individual choice. Rather, it is an effect of the way in which health, and especially the Brazilian Unified Health System, has been presented for almost four decades.
Cova y el paisaje: La representación cultural del paisaje en La vorágine
Authors: Ortiz Moreno Martha Lucia , Camacho Nayib
Published: October 2024

El paisaje posee una dimensión socioterritorial que se estructura en la visión de las comunidades y su cultura. Esta, a su vez, se transforma con la percepción de bienestar y desarrollo que maneja la sociedad teniendo una naturaleza transitoria. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la representación del paisaje en la obra La vorágine, como un reflejo de la sociedad de su tiempo y su influencia en la actualidad. Para ello, se realizó un levantamiento de información sobre el contexto de la obra La vorágine y un análisis de los subtextos sociales y ambientales desarrollados en la misma. Los datos indican que la obra muestra al paisaje como marco y personaje, víctima y victimario del conflicto humano, resaltando el impacto de la depredación antrópica a los recursos naturales y las poblaciones vulnerables. Se espera que esta investigación contribuya a una discusión amplia sobre los impactos culturales y ambientales del capitalismo depredatorio, así como del concepto paisaje cultural.
Tensiones antropocéntricas en “La Vorágine” de José Eustasio Rivera
Authors: Duarte Arias Daniel Augusto
Published: October 2024

La obra de José Eustasio Rivera, La Vorágine, ha suscitado diversas reflexiones y ha sido abordada desde múltiples perspectivas dentro de la literatura colombiana. Incluso su autor ha sido tema de debate en el entorno académico por su historia (cf. Peña Gutiérrez, 2024). En cuanto a la obra, Sol Peláez (2015) sostiene que La Vorágine representa una constante tensión entre diversos factores que conforman la identidad Nacional y Continental,  que también pueden desmantelar dicha identidad. Una reflexión similar es la de Alfredo Duplat y Andrés Molina Ochoa (2020), quienes sugieren que esta obra ofrece una explicación sobre cómo nos constituimos y de nuestra identidad Nacional.
Ecos de la Vorágine: Psicología ambiental en la educación como herramienta de enseñanza para la conservación
Authors: Castro Méndez Ana María , Mírquez Céspedes David Alberto
Published: October 2024

El presente artículo tiene como propósito navegar sobre los ecos que a cien años de haber sido publicado aún provoca el clásico de la literatura colombiana “La Vorágine” de José Eustasio Rivera; discurriendo sobre las ideas proambientales que se enseñan en las primeras etapas de desarrollo, la inferencia de la psicología en las prácticas ambientales ineficientes y la indiferencia frente a estas que plantean retos a la educación , y la necesidad de generar desde allí el aprendizaje de nuevas prácticas ambientales de conservación en procura de la protección del medio ambiente en Colombia.
El mito en la novela. El caso de la indiecita Mapiripana en La Vorágine de José Eustasio Rivera
Authors: Ballén Rodríguez Juan Sebastián , García Bonilla Camila Alexandra
Published: October 2024

El artículo demuestra la tesis de que el mito es una construcción mimética que explora las relaciones entre el hombre y lo sagrado teniendo por vector de análisis la violencia y el chivo expiatorio. Esta lectura deja al descubierto las heridas sociales y culturales de una nación, que, en los espacios y territorios de la Orinoquía y la Amazonía, experimentó para finales del siglo XIX los rigores sacrificiales de una práctica económica como la extracción del caucho, la cual cobró la vida de miles de indígenas y mano de obra esclava traída de Barbados, instaurando a su paso un enlace entre los circuitos del mercado local con las dinámicas de la economía mundo. Este análisis sugiere que las relaciones entre lo sagrado, la crisis y la vida económica de las nociones son practicas humanas que se encuentran más próximas de lo que se podría considerar comúnmente.
Can exploratory analysis of the “google trends - GT” guide or optimize measures in collective health? a brief analysis
Authors: Nery Telma de Cássia dos Santos , Fonseca Felipe , Cardoso Daniel
Published: October 2024

Occupational health needs to search for tools, data to adopt effective preventive health measures. Identifying and monitoring indicators of suicide, especially in times of absence caused by the pandemic, is a relevant action for public policies and can be triggered in the work environment. Aim:To analyze the behavior of research and consultations with the GT, together with data from the Ministry of Health – DATASUS (Brazil) on suicide mortality. Method : Descriptive and exploratory study. Period :2018 to 2020. Use Excell for analysis. Results: In an analysis with data search google trends, there was no strong correlation in the years 2018 and 2019 but in 2020 the correlation found. Conclusion : The effectiveness of GT in those areas show the potential of GT to be used when studying and monitoring suicide. Thus, we believe that a preventive approach based on analysis of data from internet trend surveys – google trend – can be used.
Effect of some design parameters on the performance of side access nozzle and grooved plate of centre pivot sprinkler
Authors: JM Mohammed , AS Abdullahi , SM Musa , LG Abubakar , OA Sylvester
Published: October 2024

This research evaluates the effect of various heights, pressures, nozzle size and groove numbers on the uniformity distribution of a developed pivot sprinkler. The experiment was set up at an open space in Niger State College of Agriculture Mokwa. The wind speed and temperature during the experiment were at an average of 2.2mph and 25°C. A nozzle of size 6mm, and deflection plate of 6 curved grooves were used in a centre pivot spray unit. In evaluating the performance of the spray unit components i.e. the nozzle and deflection plate, three different pressures of 5, 10, and 15 Psi and heights of 1, 1.2, and 1.5mm were used. The support structure for the experiment is an inverted U-shaped frame designed to support a spray sprinkler at different heights. The water source was a reservoir with a capacity of 3m3and a 1.5hp electric centrifugal pump was used. The volumetric or bucket method was used to measure flow rate. The application rate was measured using catch can method. The duration of each test was approximately 30min. The data obtained from the measurements were statistically analyzed with line graphs using Excel. Relationships were also established between discharge and pressure. The highest index of jet break up was 4.89 at 15Psi and 3.74 at 10Psi. The result shows that as the pressure increases with height the CU also increases. The highest uniformity of 79.4% was obtained at 1.5m height and 15Psi.
HPV and cervical cancer: an investigative review into molecular biology, immune evasion and the implications in carcinogenesis
Authors: Horst Diogo José , Odebrecht Axel Baumgarten , Farias Jaime Antônio Machado
Published: October 2024

Infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) is common among the sexually active population worldwide. With 200 known genotypes, 15 of them are considered high-risk oncogenic, with types 16 and 18 being most associated with anogenital and head/neck cancers. The cell cycle, consisting of the G1, S, G2, and M phases, is regulated by tumor suppressor genes such as Rb and p53, whose dysregulation can result in continuous replication of damaged cells. High-risk HPVs are related to anogenital neoplasias, and the immune response typically eliminates the initial infection, but HPV avoids immune responses during the productive phase of the infection. Viral proteins, including E1, E2, E5, E6, and E7, play critical roles in virus replication and evasion of the immune system. E1 and E2 affect the immune response, while E6 and E7 interact with tumor suppressor genes, promoting viral replication and inhibiting apoptosis.
Exosomes, peptides and peri-procedure management – comparative investigations
Authors: D Widgerow Alan , E Ziegler Mary , Shafiq Faiza , Colvan Lora , Osborne Stacy
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Exosome technology is a promising new advancement in therapeutic options but is still in its early stages, leading to uncertainties. A small pilot study compared traditional peptide technology (Regenerating Skin Nectar with TriHex Technology® and TriHex Technology® peptide + Octapeptide) to two leading exosome products (Stem cell derived Lyophilized exosomes and Platelet derived exosomes) for post-procedure use. These studies were carried out on pre-clinical (ex vivo) and clinical front to investigate effects on the extracellular matrix, dermo-epidermal junction, and skin tolerance as post-procedure outcomes. Methods and materials: The ex vivo model study was conducted by 3D Genomics using photodamaged skin from facelift patients. The skin was divided, processed under BSL2 conditions and cultured in transwells with specific media. Treatments, including peptides and platelet-derived products, were applied daily for 7 days, while stem cell-derived exosomes were applied as a single application as per the described usage. One set was left untreated as a control. Skin samples were treated and analyzed using immunohistochemistry staining for tropoelastin and CD44. RNA was isolated after treatments and sequenced to assess changes in gene expression. The study aimed to compare the effects of different treatments on skin regeneration and tolerance. Clinically, the participants underwent microneedling of the face and applied exosomes and peptides on each side of the face as comparisons. Participants completed questionnaires on Day 0. On Days 0,1,2,3 and 4 participants completed their self-healing ratings and were also assessed by an assessor on their healing rating on a 5-point scale. Results: The plated exosome products exhibited significant toxicity in the ex vivo model and neither of the exosome products produced relevant changes in gene expression or regenerative effects in this model. Participants in the small clinical series experienced unpleasant burning and stinging in keeping with the effects seen in the ex vivo model. In contrast, the peptide technology showed favorable gene expression upregulation and histological changes in the extracellular matrix and was well-tolerated and comfortable for post-procedure use, as has been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials. Conclusion: The overall impression from these pilot studies suggests that peptide formulations are better tolerated and more effectively target ECM regenerative effects. Conversely, exosome preparations appear to be prone to skin reactions and lack clear targeting of skin regenerative pathways.
Plant extracts for controlling the mosquito vector in the Amazon region
Authors: Medeiros Vale Eunice da Silva , Brandão Iléa Rodrigues , Tadei Wanderli Pedro
Published: October 2024

Mosquito-borne diseases continue to be the main causes of death in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Among the infectious diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, malaria remains a major public health concern. Chemical control is the most widely used method to control and prevent mosquito-borne diseases. However, there are reports in the literature about the resistance of populations due to continuous use. In this sense, products of plant origin, such as plant extracts, essential oils and plant derivatives, have emerged as promising alternatives. In this study, bioassays were carried out to evaluate the activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of cloves in laboratory conditions on Anopheles sp. larvae. The bioassays carried out on An. darlingi showed CL50 values of 227.29 µg/mL for the ethanolic extract and CL50 values of 263.60 µg/mL for the aqueous extract. the study presented important data on the activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of cloves.
Using of high spatial resolution images to evaluate the thematic accuracy of land use and occupation maps with the Kappa index
Authors: Carvalho Leonardo Franklin de , Oliveira Glauber Marcos de , Araújo Heuryson Ferreira , Nero Marcelo Antonio
Published: October 2024

The objective from this article evaluates the thematic quality of automatic mappings with supervised classification for land use and land cover, using high spatial resolution satellite images as "ground truth". This consider the advancement of remote sensing technologies has enabled the acquisition of satellite images with various spatial resolutions, which are essential for thematic mapping and automatic classifiers in the context of land use and land cover mapping. In fact, the wide availability of high, medium, and low spatial resolution satellite images has significantly optimized the time and resources required by using more accurate classifiers during data processing. The image used for verification of this paper was GeoEye, with a spatial resolution of 0.5m, dated October 2023. The images submitted to the automatic classifier were Sentinel-2A with a spatial resolution of 10m and Planet with a spatial resolution of 5m, both from the same satellite pass period (October 2023) over the study area, aiming to avoid seasonal and phenological variations in vegetation, as well as changes in the environment due to anthropogenic intervention. The classification method adopted was Maximum Likelihood (MAXVER). The classification accuracy was rigorously evaluated to ensure the reliability of the results using the Kappa index, assessing the agreement between the observed and expected classifications. Based on the methods presented, the set of mapped classes in this study showed good accuracy for the Planet image and very good accuracy for the Sentinel image.
Emergent and re-emergent zoonotic infectious diseases in Uruguay (2004-2024) and socio-environmental changes. a one health perspective
Authors: Vidal Bernabé , Verger Lorenzo , J Nagy Gustavo
Published: October 2024

The One Health approach aims to operate at the intersection of human, animal, and environmental influence to prevent and control the scale of these shifts. In recent decades, Uruguay has experienced various productive and socio-environmental alterations. This communication presents some relationships between emerging and increasing zoonotic diseases and some socio-environmental-climatic determinant factors under the One Health framework. We identify emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases (e.g. rabies, Leishmaniasis, avian influenza, western equine encephalitis) based on Uruguayan WOAH and the zoonotic reports from the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock and the Ministry of Public Health. We analyse the outbreaks, cases, deaths, distribution, and time progression. Finally, we compare the monitoring sources and reports and show their differences. There are some differences among them that need to be verified.
Factors and challenges influencing the acquisition of clinical skills by student nurses during internship in Buea Health District, Cameroon
Authors: VEA Eta , IE Njie , V Njeodo , E Ngala , DS Nsagha , AE Achidi
Published: October 2024

Background: Clinical learning is an important component of nursing education, which enhances the transfer of theoretical knowledge into practice enhancing the provision of quality nursing care. Objective: This study was aimed at identifying factors and challenges that influence the acquisition of clinical skills by student nurses during internship in the Buea Health District. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the study site and enroll participants to the study respectively. The study was conducted in four health facilities in the Buea Health District in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon. The participants were made up of 2nd, 3rd, 4th year student nurses on internship. Respondents who met the inclusion criteria and gave their consent to participate in the study were selected. Data was collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire made up of closed-ended questions. Data was collected on the factors and challenges that influence the acquisition of clinical skills by student nurses. The data collected was entered into Microsoft Excel and finally into Statistical Package for Social Science 22 versions. Data was analyzed using quantitative method, and Chi square test at a confidence interval of 95% was used to conduct bivariate analysis. Results: A total of 212 respondents participated in the study. The study revealed that 118 (40.59%) respondents acquired communication skill and 164 (18.81%) leadership skills. Factors that influenced the types of clinical skills acquired by respondents were age (COR: 0.031), level of preparedness to enter a clinical setting (COR: 0.355), source of motivation (COR: 0.753). Limited time (25.25%), lack of support and supervision (24.26%) from health personnel were the most frequent challenges that hindered the acquisition of clinical skills by student nurses on internship in the Buea Health District. Conclusion: The study concluded that even though the participants acquired communication and leadership skills, there is need to enhance the acquisition of decision making skill in order to promote the provision of prompt and quality nursing care. Also, health institutions and health facilities should minimize challenges faced by student nurses in the acquisition of clinical skills.
A neonatális transzportszolgálat szerepe az extrém kis súlyú koraszülöttek korai ellátásában
Authors: Somogyvári Zsolt , Balog Vera , Lantos Lajos , Jermendy Ágnes , Bélteki Gusztáv
Published: October 2024

Bevezetés: Az extrém kis súlyú (1000 gramm alatti születési
súlyú) koraszülöttek világrajövetele sok esetben nem számítható ki, így
anyai/magzati veszélyállapotok esetén a méhen belüli szállítás a III.
progresszivitási szintű neonatális intenzív centrumokba (NIC-III) nem
valósítható meg. Ilyenkor az első életnapon neonatális transzportra kerül sor.
Hazánkban kevés adat áll rendelkezésre e koraszülöttek demográfiai és kimeneteli
mutatóiról, valamint a szállítást végző neonatális mentőszolgálatok ellátásban
nyújtott szerepéről. Célkitűzés: A megszületést követő első
életnapon szállított közép-magyarországi extrém kis súlyú koraszülöttek
élesztési, kezdeti ellátási, szállítási és rövid távú kimeneteli adatainak
elemzése. A születés helyszínén megkezdett definitív III. szintű neonatológiai
ellátás eredményeinek bemutatása. Módszer: Retrospektív
kohorszvizsgálatunkban a Peter Cerny Alapítványi Mentőszolgálat által 2017. 03.
20. és 2022. 08. 20. között született, 24 órán belül NIC-III-ba szállított,
extrém kis súlyú koraszülöttek adatait elemeztük. Kizártuk azokat a betegeket,
akiknek súlyos veleszületett fejlődési rendellenességeik voltak, akiket III.
szintű NIC egységek között helyeztek át, illetve akiknek a szállítása 10 percnél
rövidebb ideig tartott. Eredmények: Vizsgálatunkba 55
koraszülöttet vontunk be, gesztációs koruk medián 25 (tartomány: 21–31) hét,
születési súlyuk medián 750 (tartomány: 300–990) gramm volt. 7 újszülött
kórházon kívül született. A mentőszolgálat rohamegysége 18 esetben a születés
pillanatában a helyszínen tartózkodott, a többi esetben az újszülött életkora a
kiérkezéskor medián 52 perc volt. Az ellátócsapat kiérkezésekor az újszülöttek
>50%-a hypothermiás volt. A transzport medián távolsága 59 kilométer volt. A
betegek testhőmérséklete és vérgázértékei jelentősen javultak a szállítás során.
A NIC-III-ról 30 csecsemő (55%) élt túl hazaadásig vagy alacsonyabb
progresszivitású szintű osztályra való áthelyezéséig, azonban a 24. gesztációs
hét előtt született betegek között nem volt túlélő. Az intézményen kívül
született csecsemők közül 5 élt túl. Az összes túlélő között súlyos agyvérzés
összesen 7 betegnél fordult elő. Megbeszélés és következtetés:
Az első életnapon szállított extrém kis súlyú koraszülöttek halálozása nagy. A
helyszínen megkezdett, majd a transzport alatt folytatott definitív mozgó
NIC-III-ellátás jelentősen hozzájárulhat a kezdeti ellátás sikerességéhez és a
szállítás biztonságos kivitelezéséhez. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(42): 1643–1651.
Az édesanyák tapasztalatai a védőnői szoptatástámogatással kapcsolatban hazánkban
Authors: Szabó Andrea , Karácsony Ilona , Ferenczy Mónika , Pakai Annamária
Published: October 2024

Bevezetés: Az Egészségügyi Világszervezet kizárólagos szoptatást
javasol 6 hónapos korig. Az anyák egy része ezt különböző okokból nem minden
esetben biztosítja gyermeke számára. Magyarországon a védőnők feladata a
szoptatás kísérése, így szerepük kulcsfontosságú e téren.
Célkitűzés: Kutatásunk célja volt az édesanyák szoptatással
kapcsolatos tudásának, nehézségeinek megismerése, továbbá tapasztalataik
feltérképezése a védőnő tevékenységével kapcsolatban. Módszer:
Keresztmetszeti kutatásunkat 2023. július és 2024. február között végeztük. Nem
véletlenszerű, kényelmi mintavétel során célcsoportként olyan anyákat kerestünk,
akik megkezdték a szoptatást. Kizárási kritériumunk a szoptatási tapasztalat
elégtelensége, a kérdőív értelmezhetetlen kitöltése és a szoptatás 1 évnél
régebbi befejezése volt (n = 287). Felmérésünket online, saját szerkesztésű,
önkitöltős kérdőívvel, anonim módon végeztük. A kérdések a szociodemográfiai és
szoptatási adatokra, a tudásszintre, valamint a védőnői tevékenységgel
kapcsolatos tapasztalatokra, elégedettségre vonatkoztak. Az adatokat leíró és
matematikai statisztikával Microsoft Excel programban elemeztük. Az eredményeket
gyakoriság- és átlag megbízhatósági tartományokkal mutattuk be, és p<0,05
mellett tekintettük szignifikánsnak. Eredmények: Válaszadóink
38%-a 6 hónapos korig kizárólag szoptatta gyermekét. Ezen édesanyák
szignifikánsan magasabb szintű szoptatási ismerettel rendelkeztek (p<0,001),
mint kevesebb ideig kizárólag szoptató társaik. Az anyák 61%-a közepes szintet
ért el tudástesztünkön. A szoptatás befejezésének leggyakoribb oka 37%-kal az
anyatej elégtelen mennyisége. Az egygyermekes édesanyák 41%-ánál nem történt
védőnői szoptatásfelkészítés a várandósság alatt, ám ez nem mutatott
szignifikáns összefüggést a szoptatás korábbi befejezésével (p>0,05).
Válaszadóink 76%-a elégedettnek mondható a védőnő tevékenységével. Az
elégedettségfelmérésben a legalacsonyabb értékelést a szoptatástámogatással
kapcsolatos kérdések kapták, melyek átlaga 4-es skálán 2,65 pont lett.
Megbeszélés: A 6 hónapig kizárólag szoptató anyák aránya
nagyságrendileg megegyezik más nemzetközi és hazai eredményekkel. Az
elégedettség mértéke kutatásunkban minden azonos kérdés tekintetében jelentősen
alacsonyabb, mint a Deutsch és mtsai által 2014-ben végzett
kutatás eredményei. Következtetés: A megfelelő ismeretátadásra
hangsúlyt kell helyezni a védőnői gondozás során. A védőnői
szoptatástámogatással kevéssé elégedettek a válaszadók, így ez mindenképp
fejlesztést igényel, amelyhez célszerű lenne a szakemberek hatékony oktatása,
továbbképzése. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(41): 1628–1640.
Orvostanhallgatók stresszterheltsége és mentális jólléte a testtömegindex és az étkezési magatartás tükrében
Authors: Pikó Bettina , Nagy Bence Gyula , Obál Annabella
Published: October 2024

Bevezetés: Az orvostanhallgatók mentális egészségének megőrzése
világszerte komoly kihívást jelent, hiszen stresszterheltségük igen nagy, aminek
következtében gyakori körükben a szorongás, a depresszió, az öngyilkossági
gondolatok és a kiégés. Célkitűzés: Kutatásunk célja, hogy
megvizsgáljuk az orvostanhallgatókból álló minta stresszterheltségét, megküzdési
módjait, étkezés magatartását és mentális egészségük néhány jellemzőit, és hogy
a leíró statisztikák mellett klaszterelemzéssel azonosítsuk a hallgatók
csoportjait veszélyeztetettségük szempontjából. Módszer: A
kutatásban szegedi orvostanhallgatók vettek részt online felmérés formájában (n
= 153; 18–30 évesek, 77,1% nő). Az Észlelt Stressz Skála és a Megküzdési Módok
Kérdőív mellett a következő skálákat alkalmaztuk a mérésekhez: Háromfaktoros
Evési Kérdőív, Rosenberg Önértékelés Skála, Általános Énhatékonyság Skála,
Testbecsülés Skála, Étkezési Magatartás Önszabályozása Skála.
Eredmények: Kétmintás t-próbával nem volt
számottevő különbség a normál súlyú/sovány és a túlsúlyos/obes csoport között az
észlelt stressz szintjében. Az utóbbiak körében azonban az érzelmi és a
kontrollálatlan evést mérő alskálák magasabb szintje felveti az evészavarok
kockázatát. A három klaszter eltérő veszélyeztetettséget jelent: a „nagy
stressz, nagy BMI, kis pszichológiai immunkompetencia” elnevezésű csoportra
jellemző a kockázatos megküzdés és az evészavarok nagyobb rizikója, míg jóval
kisebb a kockázat akkor, ha a magas stressz-szint normális BMI-vel és egészséges
testbecsüléssel jár együtt. A legkedvezőbb helyzetben a „kis stressz, normális
BMI, nagy pszichológiai immunkompetencia” nevű klaszterbe tartozók vannak.
Következtetés: A kutatás eredményei felhasználhatók
prevenciós és egészségnevelési programok fejlesztéséhez, hogy javítani tudjuk az
orvostanhallgatói populáció életminőségét, és megelőzhessük mentális egészségük
romlását. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(42): 1659–1668.
The Problem of Heat and Mass Transfer of a Half-Space with an Air Flow with Periodic Changes in Air Temperature
Authors: Afanasyev Anatoly , Bakhracheva Yulia
Published: October 2024

A system of differential equations, boundary and initial conditions for calculating temperature and moisture content fields in a homogeneous halfspace, the boundary of which is blown by an air flow, is formulated. The heat exchange of the boundary with the air medium occurs according to the Newtonian law, and mass transfer — according to the Dalton evaporation law. In the initial state, the air and the material have the same temperature, and water vapor, both near the surface of the material and outside the boundary layer, is in a saturation state, so there is no exchange of heat and moisture between the air and the material. At some point, the air temperature begins to produce small harmonic fluctuations near its initial value. For a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer, in which the movement of moisture to the surface is considered to be caused only by a drop in moisture content, i.e. the phenomenon of thermal diffusion is neglected, an asymptotic time view of the temperature and moisture content fields is obtained. The moisture content field has the form of a damped harmonic wave, and the temperature field is represented by the superposition of two waves of the same type, which have the same frequency, but different attenuation coefficients and phase velocities. The calculation of the basic wave parameters for a material with clay characteristics is carried out, and the results obtained are compared with experimental data. The constructed solution is a generalization of the Fourier formulas known in the literature, which are valid only in a situation when the material does not contain moisture, and according to the harmonic law, not the air temperature changes, but the surface temperature. The results obtained in the article will be used in geocryology as a theoretical tool in the study of seasonal fluctuations in the thermal and physical state of the soil, which is an important task in planning economic activities in the field of the distribution of frozen rocks.
Monomorphic premature ventricular contractions in patients without cardiac structural changes: clinical and prognostic significance and evaluation of therapy effectiveness (clinical and experimental study)
Authors: Olesin A. I. , Konstantinova I. V. , Tyuteleva N. N. , Zueva Yu. S. , Ivanov V. S. , Koziy A. V.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To determine the individualized choice of therapy for monomorphic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in patients without structural cardiac changes by assessing the predictors of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and the clinical and prognostic significance of its course.

Material and methods. Experimental study. Animals were used to model PVCs by the mechanism of early post-depolarization (EPD) (aconitine), re-entry (peroxide or H2O2 arrhythmia). In addition to the generally accepted parameters, the following ACMs were analyzed during electrocardiography (ECG): pre-ectopic interval, its variability, maximum index of internal deviation of PVCs, the QRS complex of PVC (QRSpvc), QRS of sinus rhythm (QRSsr), their ratio (QRSpvc/QRSsr), etc. Clinical study. A total of 343 patients with class IV-V PVCs aged 16 to 34 years were observed (B. Rayn, 1984). The same parameters were determined by ECG as in experimental arrhythmias. The follow-up duration was up to 10 years. The end point was the detection or absence of cardiovascular pathology.

Results. Experimental study. When modeling ventricular arrhythmias using the EPD mechanism, early (R/T) monotopic PVCs were recorded, and re-entry — early and late monomorphic PVCs. ACM predictors were recorded only when modeling arrhythmia by the re-entry mechanism. Clinical study. In patients without structural cardiac changes, early (R/T) monotopic PVC highly correlated with ventricular ectopy induced by the EPD mechanism (aconitine) (r=0,92). These patients did not have cardiovascular diseases, and the most effective antiarrhythmic drugs for eliminating ventricular ectopy were class I drugs. In patients without structural cardiac changes, early and late monomorphic PVCs highly correlated with experimental ventricular ectopy caused by the re-entry mechanism (H2O2 arrhythmia). In these patients, on average, 7,2±0,5 years after inclusion in the study, various clinical forms of coronary artery disease were detected, and the positive clinical effect of PVC treatment was achieved mainly with the use of class III antiarrhythmic drugs.

Conclusion. In patients with early monotopic ventricular ectopia, without detection of ACM predictors, the most effective were class I antiarrhythmic drugs. In other patients with early and late monomorphic ventricular ectopia and detected ACM predictors, class III agents were found to be effective.
Topical issues of myocardial infarction incidence statistics
Authors: Kakorina E. P. , Samorodskaya I. V. , Martsevich S. Yu.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the features of statistical assessment of myocardial infarction (MI) incidence and prevalence in Russia and some countries of the world. The existing methodology for assessing incidence in Russia does not take into account all cases of MI. Local registries (based on one or several institutions with limitations on age and clinical features) are not a sufficient basis for assessing incidence or prevalence, since they do not represent a representative sample of the population in terms of demographic characteristics. There is a high probability of incorrect use of I22 codes. There are no uniform accounting rules in the world (ICD codes for MI accounting are not similar to universal definition of MI).
Nutritional status and the risk of cardiovascular events. Results of a 6-year prospective follow-up of the ESSE-RF study cohort
Authors: Karamnova N. S. , Kapustina A. V. , Kutsenko V. A. , Shvabskaya O. B. , Balanova Yu. A. , Evstifeeva S. E. , Imaeva A. E. , Kotova M. B. , Maksimov S. A. , Muromtseva G. A. , Kulakova N. V. , Kalachikova O. N. , Chernykh T. M. , Belova O. A. , Artamonova G. V. , Grinshtein Yu. I. , Libis R. A. , Rotar O. P. , Trubacheva I. A. , Efanov A. Yu. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Shalnova S. A. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: October 2024

Research data indicate an increase in the risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs) with unhealthy diet.

Aim. To assess the impact of diet on the development of cardiovascular events in the Russian population.

Material and methods. The prospective cohort included representative samples of 10 Russian regions (n=17175, 6767 men and 10408 women aged 25-64 years), examined in 2012-2014 as part of the ESSE-RF study. The diet was studied by the frequency of consumption of the main food groups. The vital status of the cohort was clarified every 2 years. The follow-up period was 6 years. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze survival, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the risk of CVEs.

Results. Analysis of Kaplan-Meier curves showed better survival before the CVEs in the general population with daily consumption of cottage cheese (p=0,0029), cheese (p=0,00017), red meat (p=0,036) and the presence of the healthy eating model in the diet (p=0,013). A decrease in survival before the CVE onset was noted with excess salt intake (ESI) in the diet (p=0,0038) and the habit of adding salt to food (p=0,0032).

Among men, a decrease in survival before the CVE onset was noted with ESI (p=0,018) and the habit of adding salt to food (p=0,047), and an increase — with regular consumption of red meat (p=0,00027). Among women, daily consumption of red meat (p=0,038), cheese (p=0,026), cottage cheese (p=0,019), as well as rare consumption of fatty dairy products (sour cream/cream) (p=0,04) delay the CVE onset. In the general population, in a univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, daily cheese consumption and healthy eating model significantly reduce the risk of CVEs — 0,74 (0,61-0,89) and 0,78 (0,65-0,94), respectively, and excess salt and adding salt to food increase the CVE risk — 1,33 (1,12-1,59) and 1,33 (1,111,58), respectively. However, after introducing correction for socio-demographic indicators and risk factors, the significance is lost. In men, adding salt to food significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events as follows: odds ratio 1,34 (1,04-1,73). Other eating habits are significant only in univariate analysis and lose their significance after introducing corrections.

Conclusion. Adding salt to food significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events among men of active working age.
The concept of fixed-dose combination drugs in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Position paper of the Russian Society of Cardiology, the Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, the Russian Association of Endocrinologists, the Association of Clinical Pharmacologists, the Eurasian Association of Internal Medicine, the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians
Authors: Arutyunov G. P. , Drapkina O. M. , Kobalava Zh. D. , Konradi A. O. , Lopatin Yu. M. , Nedogoda S. V. , Sychev D. A. , Tkacheva O. N. , Shestakova M. V. , Shlyakhto E. V. , Bolotova S. L. , Villevalde S. V. , Galyavich A. S. , Ezhov M. V. , Karpov Yu. A. , Koziolova N. A. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Nedoshivin A. O. , Ostroumova O. D. , Polunina N. A. , Salasyuk A. S. , Skibitsky V. V. , Tarlovskaya E. I. , Troitskaya E. A. , Chesnikova A. I. , Frolov M. Yu.
Published: October 2024

The paper describes the position of of the Russian Society of Cardiology, the Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, the Russian Association of Endocrinologists, the Association of Clinical Pharmacologists, the Eurasian Association of Internal Medicine, the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians on the most important and controversial issues of the use of fixed-dose combination drugs in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Dijital Okuryazar Olma Durumları
Authors: Kaya Aslıhan , Şahin Çavuş , Demir Dilek
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmada sınıf öğretmenlerinin dijital okuryazar olma durumlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması ile desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Çanakkale il merkezindeki ilköğretim okullarında görev yapmakta olan 20 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak sınıf öğretmenleri ile gerçekleştirilen görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmıştır. Görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen veriler nitel veri analizi yöntemlerinden içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre sınıf öğretmenlerinin dijital teknolojileri yoğun bir şekilde kullandıkları, bu teknolojileri kullanırken karşılaştıkları sorunlarla başa çıkmak için çeşitli yöntemlere başvurdukları, dijital ortamlardan elde edilen bilginin güvenirliğine ve dijital ortamlardaki kendi gizlilik ve güvenliklerine ilişkin birçok farklı önlem aldıkları görülmüştür.