bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An empirical investigation of the linkages between conventional and organic milk markets in Austria
Authors: Fousekis Panos
Published: November 2024

This work investigates the strength and the pattern of linkages among the three markets of qualitatively differentiated milk (i.e., conventional, organic without heymilk, and organic with heymilk) in Austria using the flexible TVP-VAR frequency connectedness approach and information on prices from 2018 to 2023. The main empirical findings are: (a) Taken together, the markets have maintained a moderate degree of connectedness to each other.  (b) Price linkages have been frequency-dependent; much of the adjustments to incoming information have been completed within 3 months. (c) Connectedness has been asymmetric; the highest quality (organic with heymilk) has been a net transmitter of price shocks to organic without heymilk. (d) The intensity of connectedness has been time-varying; however, the internal structure of the market network (i.e., the net transmitters and receivers of price shocks) has remained fairly stable.
The Sensitivity of the Human Development Index to Assumptions about Income
Authors: Kula Maria Cornachione , Moyer, Jr. Charles J. , Panday Priniti
Published: November 2024

The Human Development Index (HDI) aims to present a more robust picture of a country’s development status than that suggested by national income per capita. The HDI aggregates dimension indices based on transformed measures for the core values of health, education, and income per capita. Assumptions are made regarding the upper and lower bounds used to re-scale each core value into its dimension index, as well as the functional form used to create the HDI. The treatment of income in the HDI’s construction suggests incompatibilities with its underlying capability theory, which stresses the importance of individuals’ abilities to make their own consumption and life choices. We examine the currently formulated HDI, as well as two influential proposed alternatives which generalize the aggregation functions of the pre-2010 HDI formulation and the current HDI, in light of recent empirical research into the relationship between well-being and income. We use underlying data for 2016, a representative year, to examine distributional changes as well as specific country rankings. We find that the income bounds used to calculate the income dimension index in the HDI should be changed. We also suggest that the three aggregation formulations, along with prominent descriptions of the assumptions and consequent implications of each approach, should be disseminated for policymakers and the public to consider.
Peran Administrasi Sarana dan Prasarana dalam Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Fatimah Meti , Haerullah Haerullah
Published: November 2024

Infrastructure management is a crucial element in the development of Islamic educational institutions; however, its management often faces challenges such as budget constraints and unequal distribution of facilities. This study aims to analyze the role of infrastructure administration in enhancing the quality of education in Islamic educational institutions and how effective management can contribute to the development of these institutions. The research method used is a literature review with a qualitative approach, analyzing various literatures related to infrastructure administration and its implementation in Islamic educational institutions. Data was collected through reviewing relevant journals, articles, and books, and analyzed descriptively. The findings show that effective infrastructure administration, which includes planning, procurement, maintenance, and disposal, plays a significant role in improving education quality. Adequate infrastructure can create a conducive learning environment, improve access to education, and support extracurricular and religious activities. In conclusion, proper management of infrastructure is a key factor in the development of Islamic educational institutions, although challenges such as budget limitations and human resources still need to be addressed for optimal results.
Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran dalam Pembelajaran SKI
Authors: Saputri Nadia , Hidayati Noorazmah
Published: November 2024

History of Islamic Cultural lessons are lessons that are closely related to past events, so that in the learning process many teachers only teach SKI material by simply telling their students. Of course in teaching and learning activities, a student who is only given a story by his teacher over time experiences boredom in learning, therefore a teacher is required to be more creative, innovative and progressive in providing learning to students so as to create a learning that is fun and even impressive . Therefore, a teacher should or should be in a digital era like this, it's time to use the media in the learning process in class. learning media is very helpful for a teacher to deliver his material so that it is easier and more enjoyable for students to accept. As for the media that can be used in SKI  learning, at least two of the learning media can be used, namely Visual media which is divided into visuals that are silent or not projected and motion or projected visual media. Whereas the second use of instructional media in learning  SKI is audio visual media which can be in the form of historical films or documentaries on the History of Islamic Culture.
Revolusi Pendidikan di Indonesia: Inovasi Pembelajaran untuk Menyiapkan Generasi Masa Depan yang Cerdas
Authors: Habsy Bakharuddin All , Rizki Reza Aulia , Lestari Shafika Ayudyah
Published: November 2024

Qualitative research is defined as a scientific approach that aims to understand a phenomenon in depth. As there are various problems faced in learning, this hinders educators and students from understanding the material presented so that teaching and learning activities every year cannot predict the results, many learning innovations are created by educators who eventually have to learn new teaching methods to improve the quality of learning. With various new learning methods, not all of them are effective at one time. It is necessary for students and educators to adapt to follow learning methods in order to create quality with new strategies. Many things need to be considered to create new learning innovations so that the developed method can be successful as well as a solution to problems in teaching and learning activities, so that the method can be used by many individuals. The problems experienced in the world of learning are learning innovations such as technology development, affective learning, flipped classrooms, inclusive education, Artificial Intelligence, and project-based learning.
Resurse tehnologice în România - Provocări și oportunități
Authors:   Romanian Academy, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: November 2024

În ultimii ani, România a apărut ca o putere surprinzătoare în sectorul tehnologiei, cu o industrie IT robustă și un grup în creștere de profesioniști talentați în tehnologie. Națiunea face pași în transformarea digitală, cu investiții în domenii precum dezvoltarea de software, securitatea cibernetică și externalizarea IT. Cu toate acestea, alături de aceste progrese vin și provocări semnificative pe care țara trebuie să le abordeze pentru a-și menține impulsul și a valorifica pe deplin oportunitățile prezentate de economia digitală globală. Acest eseu explorează resursele tehnologice din România, examinând atât provocările, cât și oportunitățile cu care se confruntă țara în căutarea de a deveni o economie mai avansată digital.
Invited Reflection: Small Talk about Big Ideas: The Benefits of ELATE Membership
Authors: Behizadeh Nadia , Green Keisha L. , Goering Christian Z.
Published: November 2024

In this piece, three leaders of English Language Arts Teacher Educators (ELATE) reflect on their individual experiences with ELATE before collectively exploring the benefits of membership in the professional organization.
Experience of Surgical Treatment of Tuberculous and Nonspecific Spondylitis with a Barrier Collagen Membrane to Stimulate Osteogenesis in the Site of Bone Block Formation
Authors: Peretsmanas E. O. , Bezzubov A. A. , Nikolaev N. N. , Chumakov V. A. , Golubenkov I. V.
Published: November 2024

The objective: to increase effectiveness of surgical treatment of infectious spondylitis with impaired support function of the spinal column through the combined use of a titanium cylindrical block mesh, a resorbable double-sided collagen membrane and an osteoconductor to achieve successful spinal fusion.

Subjects and Methods. A prospective monocenter cohort study included 17 patients with infectious spondylitis who were operated with anterior spinal fusion with a titanium mesh graft filled with an osteoconductor and delimited by a barrier double-sided collagen membrane. In the postoperative period, antibacterial treatment was administered based according to the results of bacteriological tests of biological specimensl. Formation of the bone block (spondylodesis) was evaluated by the scale for assessing the fusion of the graft with the bed of the cranial and caudal vertebrae.

Results. 6 months after surgery, the fusion of the graft with the bed of the supporting vertebra according to the Baulin scale was 4.5 ± 0.4 scores on the average. In 5 (29%) patients, a clear, homogeneous bone block with a transition of bone beams was achieved after surgery which amounted to 5 scores by the Baulin scale.
KONTRIBUSI GURU AQIDAH AKHLAK DALAM MENUMBUHKAN KARAKTER KEPRIBADIAN ANAK DI MTSN PAREPARE
Authors: Ahdar Ahdar , Musyarif Musyarif , Akib M
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki bagaimana guru Aqidah Akhlak berupaya membantu siswa mengetahui, memahami, menghayati, dan mengamalkan ajaran Islam dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tiga faktor utama yang mempengaruhi pembentukan kepribadian muslim, aqidah/tauhid, syariat, dan akhlak menjadi landasan analisis. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan desain studi kasus, melibatkan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pentingnya pengajaran Aqidah Akhlak yang sungguh-sungguh dengan metode yang sesuai perkembangan anak. Temuan ini menegaskan signifikansi pendidikan Aqidah Akhlak dalam kurikulum untuk membentuk individu yang tidak hanya memahami ajaran Islam secara teoretis, tetapi juga mampu mengimplementasikannya, sehingga terbentuk kepribadian muslim yang berakhlak mulia. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang peran krusial guru Aqidah Akhlak dalam pembentukan karakter siswa di lembaga pendidikan Islam.
ANALISIS PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS PADA CALON GURU MATEMATIKA DAN CALON GURU MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Febriana Fina , Nur Malasari Putri
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pemahaman konsep matematis calon guru matematika dan calon guru madrasah ibtidaiyah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Calon guru matematika dan calon guru madrasah ibtidaiyah menjadi subjek penelitian, di mana sampel yang diambil sebanyak 2 calon guru. Dalam penelitian ini instrumennya ialah tes pemahaman konsep matematis, pedoman wawancara, dan dokumentasi penelitian. Teknik yang digunakan peneliti untuk menganalisis data adalah analisis data secara kualitatif, meliputi: (1) peneliti menghimpun data tes, mencatat hasil wawancara dan dokumentasi yang berhubungan dengan pemahaman konsep matematis, (2) menyajikan data, berupa hasil tes dari calon guru matematika dan calon guru madrasah ibtidaiyah serta teks naratif dari hasil wawancara tentang kesulitan yang dialami calon guru selama mengerjakan soal, (3) membuat kesimpulan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pemahaman konsep matematis antara calon guru matematika dan calon guru madrasah ibtidaiyah. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa pengerjaan calon guru matematika memakai aturan-aturan aljabar dan calon guru madrasah ibtidaiyah menggunakan cara operasi aljabar, sehingga ditemukan perbedaan pemahaman konsep matematis antara calon guru matematika dan calon guru madrasah ibtidaiyah.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA BELAJAR PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI MADRASAH ALIYAH
Authors: Nasrullah Nasrullah , Ismail Muh.
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka pada pembelajaran matematika di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pinrang. Fokus penelitian meliputi penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka secara umum di sekolah dan implementasinya khusus pada mata pelajaran matematika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari guru matematika, kepala sekolah, dan lima peserta didik kelas XI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di MAN Pinrang berfokus pada pembentukan enam karakter utama peserta didik melalui integrasi kegiatan intrakurikuler, kokurikuler, dan ekstrakurikuler. Penerapan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) menjadi komponen kunci dalam implementasi kurikulum ini. Dalam pembelajaran matematika, implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka melibatkan tiga tahap utama: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Tahap perencanaan mencakup tes diagnostik dan penyusunan modul ajar. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran menekankan pengembangan kemampuan bernalar kritis dan kerjasama. Evaluasi dilakukan secara komprehensif, meliputi penilaian proses dan hasil belajar. Meskipun implementasi telah berjalan sesuai pedoman, masih terdapat tantangan adaptasi bagi peserta didik. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di MAN Pinrang telah menunjukkan pergeseran paradigma pendidikan yang lebih berfokus pada pengembangan karakter dan kompetensi peserta didik. Namun, diperlukan evaluasi dan penyesuaian berkelanjutan untuk memastikan efektivitas implementasi kurikulum ini dalam jangka panjang.
PENGARUH MINAT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: Atikah Nur , Jumrah Jumrah
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh minat belajar matematika dengan hasil belajar matematika VIII SMP Negeri 3 Patampanua. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Ex-Post Facto dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 3 Patampanua sebanyak 42 siswa. Sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII.1 dan VIII.2 sebanyak 42 siswa, dengan  menggunakan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi (pengamatan), kuesioner (angket) dan dokumentasi. Observasi dan dokumentasi digunakan untuk melakukan pengamatan dan mendata jumlah siswa. Angket digunakan untuk mengungkap variabel pengaruh minat terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antara variabel minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika SMP Negeri 3 Patampanua terdapat pengaruh yang positif. Hal ini ditunjukkan melalui hasil dari  atau  4,08. Karena nilai  lebih besar dari pada Maka hipotesis nol ( ) ditolak dan hipotesis a ( ) atau hipotesis alternatif diterima. Ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Patampanua sifatnya positif dan signifikan. Jadi, hipotesis awal benar yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara minat belajar dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Patampanua.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN KEMAMPUAN NUMERASI TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN FISIKA PADA MATERI ALJABAR
Authors: Aprilia Defi Nurdiana , Sudarti Sudarti , Meilina Ike Lusi
Published: November 2024

Pendidikan adalah pilar penting dalam pembentukan karakter dan kemampuan individu, terutama dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan seperti fisika. Dalam konteks pendidikan fisika, pemahaman konsep adalah salah satu sasaran utama yang harus dicapai oleh mahasiswa. Namun, untuk mencapai pemahaman konsep yang optimal, terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi, antara lain motivasi dan kemampuan numerasi. Untuk mengukur pengaruh motivasi dan kemampuan numerasi terhadap pemahaman konsep mahasiswa, uji regresi linier dapat digunakan sebagai metode analisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi dan kemampuan numerasi terhadap pemahaman konsep mahasiswa pendidikan fisika pada materi aljabar. Penelitian ini melibatkan populasi mahasiswa program Pendidikan Fisika, dengan sampel yang terdiri dari 30 mahasiswa. Peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Pada penelitian ini, mahasiswa diberikan soal atau tugas praktik. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan software SPSS untuk mengevaluasi apakah motivasi dan kemampuan numerasi mempengaruhi hasil belajar mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika pada materi aljabar. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dari pengujian SPSS dapat diketahui bahwa tidak ada pengaruh antara H1 terhadap Y, tidak ada pengaruh H2 terhadap Y dan tidak ada pengaruh pengaruh H1 dan H2 terhadap Y secara simultan. Kemampuan numerasi merupakan komponen penting dalam memahami aljabar, maka perlu untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap pemahaman konsep mahasiswa. Pada penelitian sebelumnya pemahaman konsep hanya dihubungkan dengan motivasi dan minat belajar.
ANALISIS MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS VIRTUAL REALITY MELALUI PENDEKATAN STEAM GUNA MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PESERTA DIDIK SMA
Authors: Mubarok Wildan , Anugrah Sherlynggar
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan media pembelajaran berbasis virtual reality menggunakan pendekatan STEAM dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep fisika dan meningkatkan rasa ketertarikan peserta didik pada mata pelajaran fisika. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah research dan development dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE, tahapan yang telah selesai dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah implementasi skala kecil yang dilakukan kepada 35 peserta didik kelas X SMAN 1 Gedangan diakhiri dengan pemberian Google form kepuasan terhadap media pembelajaran yang berikan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa media pembelajaran Virtual Reality sebagai media pembelajaran yang menggunakan pendekatan STEAM merupakan media pembelajaran yang efektif dan imersif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep fisika peserta didik SMA, dengan meningkatnya pemahaman konsep fisika akan menimbulkan ketertarikan peserta didik pada mata pelajaran fisika yang semakin tinggi khususnya pada materi besaran dan pengukuran. Pembelajaran fisika yang dikenal sebagai mata pelajaran yang bersifat kompleks dan sistematis dapat dipelajari dengan lebih mudah melalui media pembelajaran Virtual Reality menggunakan pendekatan STEAM berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman konsep fisika peserta didik.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) FISIKA BERBASIS LABORATORIUM PADA SISWA SMP NEGERI 36 MAKASSAR
Authors: Roslina
Published: November 2024

Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) merupakan salah satu media pembelajaran alternatif yang tepat bagi peserta didik karena LKPD membantu peserta didik untuk mengubah informasi tentang konsep yang dipelajari melalui kegiatan belajar secara sistematis. LKPD yang digunakan di sekolah salah satunya tidak dilengkapi dengan langkah-langkah praktikum yang melatarbelakangi penulis untuk mengembangkan LKPD Fisika Berbasis Laboratorium pada Siswa SMP Negeri 36 Makassar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan. Penelitian pengembangan adalah meteode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu. Penelitian pengembangan model 4-D yang dimaksud adalah penelitian yang dilakukan untuk menghasilkan LKPD berbasis laboratorium. Penelitian ini hanya dilakukan sampai tahap pengembangan saja. Sedangkan pada tahap penyebaran (Disseminate) tidak dilakukan. Hasil analisis tanggapan peserta didik adalah 91,58 % yang berarti respon sangat kuat, yang dapat diartikan bahwa penggunaan LKPD berbasis laboratorium diterima oleh peserta didik. Respon praktisi terhadap pengembangan Lembar LKPD Fisika Berbasis Laboratorium untuk keenam aspek menunjukkan presepsi baik karena interpretasi dari hasil penilaian berada pada interpretasi “Kuat”, artinya guru mata pelajaran IPA dapat menggunakan dan menerima LKPD tersebut untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dan respon peserta didik dalam menggunakan LKPD Fisika berbasis laboratorium berada pada kategori “sangat kuat” hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik memberikan respon yang baik.
Does Urban Consumer Preference Affect Willingness to Pay for Value-added Chickpea Products in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan
Authors: Khuram Nawaz Sadozai  , Hamad Sikandar Sadozai  , Fida Muhamamd Khan  , Rizwan Ahmad  , Tajala Ahmed
Published: November 2024

The research endeavor was conducted to assess the consumer’s preferences and their willingness to pay for chickpea value added products in the urban region of Peshawar district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. We have made an attempt to investigate consumer’s preferences for chickpea consumption, their awareness regarding the value-added products of the chickpea and their willingness to pay a price premium for locally produced chickpea value added products over imported products. For this purpose, Contingent Valuation Survey was undertaken to gather primary data from a random sample of 120 respondents, comprising 110 consumers and 10 high-end stores. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, regression analysis and CVM based frequency tables. The results indicate that a majority of the sampled respondents were aware of the chickpea value added products and expressed their willingness to pay a price premium for locally produced value-added chickpea products as compared to imported ones. Around two-third (74%) of the respondents were aware of chickpea value-added products, while one-third (26%) were not aware of them. Moreover, 79.09 percent of the respondents expressed their willingness to pay for locally produced chickpea value-added products and they were willing to pay a considerable amount of price premium (76 PKR), while 20.91 percent were not inclined to prefer the buying of locally produced value added products of chickpea. Regression analysis depicted that respondents’ age, education, households’ expenditure, household size of the consumer and consumers’ awareness of chickpea value added were significant determinants of consumers WTP for the locally produced value-added products of chickpea. Based on these findings the study recommends, policy measures should prioritize supporting local processing industries by providing financial incentives, facilitating infrastructure development, and providing regulatory support. Collaborative efforts with retailers and promotional activities can enhance market access and visibility for value-added chickpea products. The government may also incentivize local processors to supply canned chickpeas domestically.
Quantitative Insights into English Language Learning Attitudes of ESL Learners in Multilingual Classroom: A Case of Rural Sindh
Authors: Nargis Mari  , Syeda Kiran Shirazi  , Irum Pervez Memon
Published: November 2024

There are languages with millions of speakers and languages at risk. Abilities of societies, institutes, groups or individuals to involve themselves in teaching learning process with more than one language involve majority of the population across the world in multilingualism (King, 2018) Due to linguistic and cultural diversity, multilingualism is a remarkable necessity in education. As it empowers the major languages and protect minority languages. Schools provide the foundations to societies as practitioners of education for learners with multilingual background in process of teaching learning languages. Moreover, linguistic and cultural differences develop different attitudes towards language and language learning. In order to have remarkable view, this quantitative study offers an attempt to illustrate attitudes of students towards English language learning in multilingual classroom-setting via survey method at a Government girl’s school based in rural area of province Sindh. Study consists 100 participants, who were selected randomly studying in multilingual classroom setting in class 7th to class 10th.
Exploring the Effects of School’s Environment on the Ethical Socialization of Students at Secondary School Level in Punjab
Authors: Asghar Ali Gill  , Dr. Hameed Nawaz
Published: November 2024

The present study aimed to exploring the effect of school environment on the ethical socialization of students at secondary school level in Punjab was the purpose of present research. It was descriptive research. Observational survey deign was adopted to collect the data from the respondents. Data were collected from randomly selected 132 secondary schools (Boys & Girls) were randomly selected from the Lahore division about schools’ environment. The researcher administered self-developed questionnaire to gathered information about school environment and students’ ethical socialization was measured by observing students’ activities by filling self-developed observational check list within the class, corridor, playground, and even on canteen randomly selected 10 (5 boys and 5 girls) secondary schools’ students who were enrolled in grade 10. The quantitative data were arranged and coded and entered into computer for analysis. SPSS software was used to analyze the data by applying inferential and descriptive statistics. The results reveal that schools’ environment strongly affected students’ ethical socialization. Moreover, it was also found that there was few government secondary schools in which indicators of schools’ physical environment were presented and classroom climate was the effective indicator of school physical environment. In most of the secondary schools of rural areas physical environment partially existed while in most of the secondary schools physical environment fully existed. Further, the secondary schools in which physical environment not at all existed, most of their students’ ethical socialization was inappropriate, the secondary schools in which physical environment partially and/or quite a better existed, most of their students’ ethical socialization was slightly appropriate, and the secondary schools in which physical environment fully existed, most of their students’ ethical socialization was appropriate. On the bases of research finding, it is recommended that education department may provide facilities to the school heads to increase physical indicators in the schools which help the teachers and students for their ethical socialization in schools.
Evaluating Strategies for Cost Reduction in Supply Chain Management Relating to Exports and Imports
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Hassan  , Farzeen Sultan  , Muhammad Hassan Kamal  , Dr. Syeda Iqra Hassan  , Dr Waseem Sadiq
Published: November 2024

This study explores different approaches to supply chain management cost reduction, with an emphasis on imports and exports. As the economy becomes more globalized, controlling supply chain expenses is essential to preserving profitability and competitive advantage. According to the study, procurement, transportation, inventory control, and technology integration are important areas where cost reductions can be made. Highlighting the main cost drivers in international trade, the paper starts with a review of the body of research on supply chain cost management. After that, it looks at particular tactics like utilizing economies of scale, transport route optimization, and shipment consolidation. The potential of technology to simplify processes and cut expenses is examined, including the use of automation, supply chain management software, and block chain technology for transparency. For an organization to keep a competitive edge in a globalized economy, effective supply chain management is essential. Exports and imports are the main focus of the current research paper, which provides a thorough assessment of various cost-cutting strategies in supply chain management. Transportation optimization, inventory management, supplier collaboration, technology integration, process improvement, regulatory compliance, sustainability, risk management, and continuous improvement are all topics covered in this study in an effort to give a comprehensive overview of effective cost-reduction strategies.
Revolutionizing Justice: Strategic Approaches to AI in Pakistan’s Courts
Authors: Abdul Salam Soomro  , Khurram Baig  , Shahzad Manzoor Khan  , Naveed Ahmed Laghari
Published: November 2024

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the judicial system of Pakistan deals encouraging solutions to the challenges in order to inefficiency, case backlogs and access to justice. The proposed Smart Court System (SCS) would modernize judicial procedures, including digital case management, e-filing, and the auto-generation of court orders. Key components of the module include AI-Assisted Workflow and Decision Support, which offers predictive case analysis, automated document drafting, and resource optimization across jurisdictions. AI-based sentiment analysis also enhanced fairness by detecting biases in court transcripts. Additionally, the inclusion of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) mechanisms, supported by AI-driven bargaining tools, are expanded access to justice for geographically distant and differently-abled individuals, further enhancing judicial inclusivity. AI-Powered Legal Research revolutionized the speed and accuracy of case law retrieval and document drafting, while advanced encryption and anomaly detection systems will ensure the integrity and security of court data.  Moreover, Judicial Efficiency Tools integrated with AI improve case management through predictive modeling, performance metric tracking, and resource allocation, reducing court backlogs and streamlining criminal and civil proceedings. Public engagement tools, including AI chatbots and virtual court systems, will increase accessibility and participation for all citizens, promoting transparency and accountability within the judicial framework. Through integration and interoperability, the AI module will connect various judicial platforms and law enforcement agencies, fostering collaboration and data sharing. Advanced Analytical Tools will allow the judicial system to employ predictive modeling and trend detection, providing insights for strategic case planning and judicial reform.
The Macroeconomic Implications of Automation and AI on Labor Markets and Employment
Authors: Fozia Sultana  , Urooj Talpur  , Muhammad Shahid Iqbal  , Ahmed Ali  , Khalid Hussain Memon
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and automation are developing at an astounding rate, changing labor markets with significant macroeconomic ramifications. This study investigates the macroeconomic effects of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) on labor markets and employment, with a particular emphasis on pay inequalities, employment patterns across industries, job displacement, and shifts in skill demand. AI and automation are changing labor markets, creating new possibilities in tech-driven, high-skilled positions like digital security, data analysis, and AI engineering, but also displacing regular, manual work. Through econometric modeling and industry-specific analysis, this study finds strong relationships between automation levels and changes in employment measures, demonstrating how the advantages of automation are not uniformly dispersed and frequently exacerbate already-existing economic disparities. In order to address these tendencies, the analysis recommends legislative actions that promote fair access to education and training, allowing employees to adjust to the rapidly changing technological environment and guaranteeing that the financial benefits of automation are distributed widely throughout the workforce. These revelations offer a thorough grasp of how automation will influence job markets in the future.
Comparing Food Security Status Using Dietary Intake and Expenditure Methods based on Socioeconomic Factors in Newly Merged Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Fida Muhammad Khan  , Khuram Nawaz Sadozai
Published: November 2024

This study analysed food security among rural households in the merged districts of Bajaur and Mohmand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, using the Dietary Intake and Expenditure Methods. Food security, linked to the Sustainable Development Goals of ending hunger, is deeply influenced by socioeconomic factors such as age, education, employment, family structure, and asset ownership. Data from 384 households revealed distinct levels of food security across demographics. The Dietary Intake Method defines a household as food secure if per capita intake is at least 2,350 kcal daily, while the Expenditure Method classifies households as food secure if monthly food spending meets two-thirds of the sample’s average. Results showed that food insecurity peaks among older household heads (61-90 years), with 76.47% food insecure by expenditure and 22.06% by dietary intake methods, whereas younger heads (20-30 years) reported lower food insecurity rates underscoring 15.91% by expenditure method and 18.18% by dietary intake method. Illiterate household heads faced high food insecurity rates of 49.01% by expenditure method and 31.13% by dietary intake method, while education significantly lowered these rates. Family size also influenced outcomes undermining larger families having 16-21 members showed elevated food insecurity of 84.91% in both methods, compared to smaller families having 2-5 members. Employment substantially decreased food insecurity, illustrating that the rates dropped to 23.13% by expenditure method and 47.62% by dietary intake method for employed households. Asset ownership, especially livestock and land, helped to mitigate food insecurity. Households without livestock or land had 64.5% and 58.74% food insecurity through expenditure method respectively, compared to 33.02% and 12.24% among those with these assets. Extended families and lack of foreign remittances also correlated with higher food insecurity rates. Policy recommendations include enhancing economic opportunities, especially in rural areas, to improve employment and incomes. Investments in education, especially for household heads, could bolster food security resilience. Programs supporting asset ownership, such as livestock and land, could serve as economic buffers for vulnerable households.
The Interplay between Principal’s Instructional Leadership and Teachers’ Professional Development
Authors: Bashir Ahmad  , Dr. Iqbal Ahmad
Published: November 2024

This study examines the relationship between instructional leadership of school principals with teachers’ professional development. A quantitative correlational research approach was adopted to collect data from 959 secondary school teachers using a survey technique in four districts of Malakand division, KP. The primary objective was to quantify the relationship between principals’ instructional leadership (PIL) and its three dimensions (defining the school mission (DSM), managing instructional programs (MIP), and developing the school learning climate (DSLC)) and teachers’ professional development (TPD). The data was analyzed using statistical tools, including linear and multiple regression techniques. The findings revealed principals’ instructional leadership’s positive and robust impact on teachers’ professional development. The analysis also unveiled that each sub-construct of principals’ instructional leadership DSM, MIP, and DSLC contributes to teachers’ professional development. The findings suggest that PIL and its dimensions are theoretical constructs and critical factors in shaping TPD. The results have significant implications for educational practices and policy development. By understanding the distinct contributions of DSM, MIP, and DSL, targeted interventions can be designed that leverage these sub-constructs to improve educational outcomes practically and effectively.
Work life balance: Exploring well-being of Working Mothers in Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Maria Sabir  , Dr. Tahira Shamshad  , Dr. Muhammad Ali Tarar  , Dr. Muhammad Adeel Kamran
Published: November 2024

This study highlights the problems faced by working mothers due to dual responsibilities. Many factors contributed to these problems like lack of cooperation from family, long duty hours, parenting, traditional values and gender role expectations. A sample of 150 long working hours mothers of government and private sectors from the study areas of Dera Ghazi Khan was taken through double stage sampling technique. Working mothers felt difficulty in maintaining work-life balance. They experienced health issues like less energy, fatigue, high blood pressure and strained relationships with family and colleagues. Long duty hours affect the child and mother relationship. Stressful environment leads to psychological issues like stress, burnout, poor sleep quality, lose temper, anxiety, hypertension and low productivity. Results also showed longer the working hours were associated with hypertension, stress and burnout. Less cooperation from family was associated with poor work life balance. Poor work life balance was associated with high blood pressure. It is suggested that for the well-being of working mothers work sectors should arrange flexible working hours, supportive work place environment, self-care courses, time management skills, and family leave policies.
Role of Trust, Perceived Risk in the Context of Brand Engagement, Perceived Security, Fashion Innovation, and Social Motivation on Online Shopping
Authors: Dr Atif Aziz  , Dr. Syed Muhammad Salman  , Muhammad Umer Ahrar  , Muhammad Hasan  , Khizar Hayat
Published: November 2024

This paper contributes to the volume of existing literature on online shopping behavior with a focus on apparel. Thereafter, it identifies the following key drivers of online purchases of clothing: brand engagement, perceived security, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and fashion trends. These factors are important in understanding how consumers would behave in an online purchase setting and thus form a significant part of the literature. Besides, the study investigates how trust and efficiency in terms of time and cost decrease the perceived value-a very important factor within information and communication technology research studies. The perceived value has been considered one of the major driving forces of e-commerce decisions, which involves online purchasing behavior. It also investigates the effect of trust in online transactions on consumers' purchase intentions; there is a need to understand those elements that build up trust, especially in the fashion industry.
Income-Expenditure Dynamics across Districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Multilevel Statistical Approach
Authors: Muhammad Ismail  , Kinza Yousfani  , Khushboo Ishaq  , Muhammad Junaid  , Asia Ameer Khan
Published: November 2024

Financial development in emerging economies, such as Pakistan, often leads to disparities in wealth, causing long-term financial and social instabilities. Dealing with these imbalances requires a holistic approach that incorporates financial expansion and equal distribution of wealth. This study assesses the relationship between earnings and expenses within multiple districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, using a multilevel regression model to gain a localized understanding of wealth disparities and consumption patterns. The Tehsil Municipal Administration in Peshawar and the Bureau of Statistics in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa analyzed data from 24 districts throughout 2012/13, 2014/15, and 2018/19. The investigation seeks to assess the performance of multilevel modeling compared to classic regression techniques and analyze expenditure patterns among districts through multilevel models. Based on the outcomes, the multilevel model outperforms standard regression models and provides additional proof of districts' influence on expenditures and earnings interactions. The outcomes emphasize the crucial importance of incorporating hierarchical data frameworks when investigating economic interactions, as they demonstrate substantial variability within each person and district level. The multilevel analysis underscores the complexities of income-expenditure dynamics in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and demonstrates the limitations of single-level models in adequately capturing this complexity.
Exploring Self-Esteem and Resilience among Orphanage and Non- Orphanage Adolescence
Authors: Ayesha Noor  , Dr Nighat Gul  , Dr Sher Dill  , Iffat Gulab
Published: November 2024

The current study explores self-Esteem and resilience among orphanage and non- orphanage adolescence. This paper employed a cross-sectional study design with a sample size of 300 participants, comprising 150 orphans and 150 non-orphans. Both and male and female respondents were covered in a study surveyed across Heera University Baghra, Khubaib School and College for Orphans, GPGC for women Haripur, NRTC Public School, Learning Will School and College and Welfare Public School of Orphans. Two reliable instruments were utilized to collect participants' responses: Brief Resilience Scale (Smith et al., 2008), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). The analysis, performed utilizing SPSS software, designated that there exists a statistically significant positive correlation between resilience and self-esteem in the adolescent population. Furthermore, there exists a noteworthy disparity in self-esteem levels between orphans and non-orphans, with orphans demonstrating diminished self-esteem in comparison to their non-orphan counterparts. In a similar vein, a significant difference in resilience was observed between orphans and non-orphans, with orphans markedly exhibiting lower levels of resilience. Additionally, a significant variation in resilience was noted across genders, as male adolescents displayed elevated levels of resilience and self-esteem compared to their female counterparts. Likewise, a significant difference in self-the perception of self-worth varies between genders, as empirical data indicates that males exhibit elevated levels of self-esteem in comparison to females. Furthermore, noteworthy disparities in self-esteem are observed among different age cohorts, with evidence suggesting that self-esteem generally enhances as individuals age.
Investigating Trends in Academic Achievement: A Longitudinal Analysis of Grade Fluctuations among Students
Authors: Dr. Erum Aslam Khan  , Aamir Abbas  , Dr. Sumaira Khan  , Inza Shoqat
Published: November 2024

Grades are essential in replicating global learning outcomes and indicating student success in higher education retention or declaration. The main objective of the study was to investigate trends in academic achievement among the students and analyze grade fluctuations among students at higher education levels. The study employed multilevel descriptive research to achieve its objectives. This study employed a balanced qualitative approach, integrating a multidisciplinary approach and qualitative data collection techniques to align with the research objectives. A longitudinal analysis was conducted to identify patterns among postgraduate students. The Administrative Directorate of Punjab recorded the data of students who successfully passed the CGPA and corresponding marks of the last five (2012-2016) BS 4-year courses in 37 departments of 3 state universities in Punjab. The collected data were analysed by applying percentage-wise analysis of the results of the students. The study reveals a trend in students' final grades favoring A and B grades over C grades. Over five sessions, final CGPAs increased among university students in three public universities. A longitudinal analysis showed improvements in A and B grades from 2012 to 2016 while decreasing C grades. The study suggests that upholding higher educational standards can restore grade reliability and demonstrate discriminating decision-making abilities. It recommends conducting the study at various colleges in Pakistan and sharing results to enhance analytical skills.
Mapping the Landscape of Inclusion: A Multidimensional Conceptual Framework for Inclusive Education in Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Samina Safdar  , Dr. Iffat Basit  , Dr. Faisal Anis
Published: November 2024

Using qualitative conceptual analysis in this paper, the author wants to develop a conceptual understanding of the provision of education in Pakistan. Using literature from various disciplines, paradigms of inclusive education in Pakistan and in developing countries are compared to develop a theory that would encompass the ideas developed up until now. The resulting conceptual framework consists of seven interconnected concepts: Support, programmes, legislation/policy, school climate, teacher education, curriculum implementation, community involvement, finance, and organizational culture. This framework can be beneficial in the huge Pakistani process of attempting to conceptualize and systematically understand the complexities of implementing inclusive education. It can assist policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in changing and evolving research for the improvement of inclusive education in Pakistan. Last, the paper concludes and considers how the topic and ideas the paper presents could be taken forward to strengthen the practice of integration and participation of children with disabilities in each of the educational systems in Pakistan. More specifically, there is a need for findings regarding the international concept of inclusive education, the continued expansion and elaboration of its theoretical paradigms and models, including education policies and outcomes, and teacher training in relation to inclusion, curriculum development, and community participation regarding exclusion in Pakistan.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Poverty in Pakistan
Authors: Sidra Ilyas  , Khawaja Asif Mehmood  , Fareeha Riaz  , Farzana Munir  , Muhammad Nadeem
Published: November 2024

Present research tried to explains the socioeconomic determinants of poverty in Pakistan. This study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology to check the association of variables for period of 1986 to 2020. The study found poverty, economic growth, foreign direct investment net inflows, and human capital positive associated with of poverty. While government expenditure is found to have a negative associated with poverty. On the behalf of results the study, it is recommended to the policy makers to formulate the policies regarding poverty, economic growth, government expenditure, foreign direct investment net inflows, and human capital to mitigate poverty.
Future-Proofing mathematics education: Challenges from the pandemic to coping mechanisms and action planning
Authors: Nuevo Maven Ar S , Valdez Gemma M
Published: November 2024

This study examines the resilience and adaptability of mathematics education during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the challenges faced by teachers and the coping mechanisms they employed during the abrupt transition to new learning modalities in secondary schools in Baganga, Davao Oriental, Philippines. Employing a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach, five respondents participated in in-depth interviews selected through purposive sampling. The research highlights three primary challenges: adapting to new teaching modality; efficiency of learning materials’ distribution and retrieval; and validating students’ learning. To address these challenges, teachers implemented several coping mechanisms, including the contextualization and adaptation of learning materials; adaption of digital platforms and educational apps; and the conduct of home visits. These strategies not only facilitated the continuation of mathematics education under constrained conditions but also offer insights into future-proofing educational practices. Aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) No. 4, Quality Education, this study underscores the need for strategic action planning to enhance the resilience and flexibility of mathematics education systems, ensuring they are better prepared for any future disruptions.