bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La dissemblance graphémique à l’Ancien Empire. Essai de grammatologie cognitive
Authors: Thuault Simon
Published: November 2020

This book focuses on a hieroglyphic and hieratic peculiarity traditionally called “dissimilation graphique”, but now labelled “dissemblance graphémique” (graphemic dissimilarity). Mostly attested in Old Kingdom texts, we can see this graphemic peculiarity in archaic duals and plurals, thus showing several classifiers (or determinatives) instead of a single one with diacritic strokes. A lexeme is “dissimilar” if its classifiers are distinct, and not identical as is usually the case. For example, mḥy.t, “fish(es)” is written in a standard way if the three fishes used as classifiers are the same; but its writing is “dissimilar” if three species are figured, instead of a sole one. So, the present book aims at studying in a systematic way the occurrences of graphemic dissimilarity in Old Kingdom texts. Involved lemmas, used hieroglyphs, relevant categories… The grammatological and linguistic analysis shed new lights on a little studied peculiarity, thus offering a new approach for Ancient Egyptian categorization and Weltanschauung in general.
Impact of Globalization on Human Development: A Panel Data Analysis of Selected South Asian Countries
Authors: Amber Hasan  , Abdul Waheed
Published: November 2020

This study tends to evaluate the impact of globalization on human development in developing countries. The objective has been achieved by analyzing the data of six SAARC countries (Pakistan, India, Sri-Lanka, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Nepal) over 20 years from 2000-2019. Afghanistan and Maldives were removed from the study because of the unavailability of data. The multiple regression model is used for estimation, which includes many economic and demographic variables. The focused independent variables are the trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI), which are used as a proxy for globalization. Other explanatory variables are GDP growth, percentage of the population using safely managed sanitation services, infant mortality ratio, maternal mortality ratio, birth rate, death rate, and dependency ratio (% of working-age population). Hausman test has indicated that the fixed effect model is appropriate for this study. The results of fixed effect estimation indicated that FDI has positive while trade openness has a negative impact on Human Development in selected South Asian countries.
ANESTHESIOLOGICAL PREVENTION OF VEGETATIVE HYPERREFLEXION SYNDROME IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DECIBITAL ULCERS IN PATIENTS WITH SPINAL INJURY
Authors: Kostyrko V. N. , Khashchuk А. V. , Seitmambetov Т. S.
Published: November 2020

The work analyzed the anesthesiology of 132 patients with a complicated spinal injury, who underwent surgical treatment for decibital ulcers of various localization. The basic principles of surgical treatment, approaches to the choice of type and method of anesthesiology, measures to prevent the development of vegetative hyperreflexion syndrome during surgery and in the early postoperative period.
NEW FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR SET VALUED MAP ON G-METRIC SPACES
Authors: Gnanaraj J. , Gopinath S. , Lalithambigai S.
Published: November 2020

By this article, we get a common fixed point for the pair of set-valued maps on a G-complete G-metric spaces in new way. Further, we extend this technique and proved the existence of the coincidence points for a pair of set-valued and single-valued maps on such spaces.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SURVIVAL IN RECTAL CANCER: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND THE RESULTS OF OWN RESEARCH
Authors: Dubovichenko Darya , Valkov Mikhail , Merabishvili Vakhtang , Karpunov Anton , Shcherbakov Aleksandr , Valkova Lyudmila , Pankrateva A.
Published: November 2020

The article presents the epidemiological characteristics of rectal cancer (RC) over the world and in Russia, describes approaches to measuring the burden of the RC based on data from the scientific literature. It has been shown that the dynamics and levels of RC survival at the regional, national and global level should be assessed only on the basis population cancer registries data. The factors affecting survival in the RC are described. Based on the published experience of organizing the diagnosis and treatment of RC in economically developed countries, measures are proposed for further improvement of survival in the RC in Russia.
LUNG CANCER DIAGNOSIS: NON-INVASIVE AND INVASIVE METHODS
Authors: Arsenev Andrey , Novikov Sergey , Barchuk Aleksey , Kanaev Sergey , Barchuk Anton , Tarkov S. , Nefedov Andrey , Kostitsyn K. , Gagua K. , Nefedova A. , Aristidov Nikolay
Published: November 2020

This article reviews the literature and summarizes single institution experience of applying different diagnostic algorithms for lung cancer. All diagnostic methods can be divided into three groups: non-invasive; minimally invasive and invasive. The non-invasive methods include clinical examination; imaging methods for anatomical, functional and multimodal visualization; sputum cytological, analysis of the exhaled breath, detection of various blood and sputum markers. Minimally invasive methods include endoscopy, percutaneous fine-needle and core-needle biopsy. Invasive methods include diagnostic thoracoscopy and laparoscopy, mediastinoscopy, parasternal mediastinotomy and diagnostic thoracotomy. While creating an individual diagnostic plan for each patient it is necessary to carefully analyze the effectiveness, safety, sensitivity, specificity and of different methods available among wide range of modern diagnostic techniques. Optimization of lung cancer diagnosis methods, which includes early cancer detection, is one of priority areas of modern oncology. Many aspects of this problem remain unresolved and require further research
CONVERSION SURGERY FOR STAGE IV GASTRIC CANCER. LITERATURE REVIEW AND OWN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Khomyakov Vladimir , Sobolev Dmitriy , Kolobaev Ilya , Chayka Anna , Utkina A. , Kornietskaya Anna , Vindiza Farkhad , Ryabov Andrey
Published: November 2020

Metastatic gastric cancer is associated with poor prognosis despite of advances in chemotherapy and surgery. According to current clinical guidelines surgical treatment for stage IV gastric cancer patients is indicated only for urgent complications. New approach for the management of patients with initially unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer includes primary systemic chemotherapy and following surgical resection if the patients are able to undergo complete resection. This approach is known as conversion surgery. In the review with presentation of own experience the results of conversion surgery for gastric cancer with distant metastases of various localization (liver, paraaortic lymph nodes and peritoneum) were reported. These results allow to define indications for this treatment strategy. 15 conversion surgery cases are presented, 12 of them were combined with HIPEC or PIPAC. Median progression-free survival was 18 months. Conclusion: literature analysis and own experience have shown that conversion surgery after chemotherapy increases the overall survival of patients with oligometastatic gastric cancer who underwent complete resection as compared with palliative chemotherapy. However the clear selection criteria for conversion surgery are needed from randomized controlled trials.
STEROID RECEPTOR PHENOTYPE, EXPRESSION OF HER-2/NEU, PD-1, PD-L1 AND LYMPHOCYTIC-MACROPHAGAL INFILTRATION OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMAS: COMPARISON OF MODERN MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TYPES OF THE DISEASE (THE ROLE OF BODY MASS INDEX)
Authors: Bershteyn Lev , Ivantsov Aleksandr , Ievleva Aglaya , Venina A. , Berlev I.
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate steroid receptors’ status of tumor tissue in different molecular biological types of endometrial cancer (EC), subdivided according to the current classification, and their colonization by lymphocytic and macrophage cells, taking into account body mass index of the patients. Materials and methods: Material from treatment-naive patients with EC (total n = 229) was included; the number of sick persons varied depending on the method used. The average age of patients was close to 60 years, and about 90% of them were postmenopausal. It was possible to divide the results of the work into two main subgroups: a) depending on the molecular biological type of the tumor (determined on the basis of genetic and immunohistochemical analysis), and b) depending on the value of the body mass index (BMI). The latter approach was used in patients with EC type demonstrating a defective mismatch repair of the incorrectly paired nucleotides (MMR-D) and with a type without characteristic molecular profile signs (WCMP), but was not applied (due to the smaller number of patients) in EC types with a POLE gene mutation or with expression of the oncoprotein p53. According to the data obtained, when comparing various types of EC, the lowest values of Allred ER and PR scores were revealed for POLE-mutant and p53 types, while the “triple-negative” variant of the tumor (ER-, PR-, HER2/neu-) was most common in POLE-mutant (45.5% of cases) and WCMP (19.4%) types of EC. The p53+ type of EC is characterized by inclination to the higher expression of the macrophage marker CD68 and lymphocytic Foxp3, as well as mRNA of PD-1 and SALL4. In addition to the said above, for WCMP type of EC is peculiar, on the contrary, a decrease in the expression of lymphocytic markers CD8 (protein) and PD-L1 (mRNA). When assessing the role of BMI, its value of >30.0 (characteristic for obesity) was combined with an inclination to the increase of HER-2/neu expression in the case of MMR-D EC type and to the decrease of HER-2 /neu, FOXp3 and ER expression in WCMP type. Conclusions: The accumulated information (mainly describing here hormonal sensitivity of the tumor tissue and its lymphocytic-macrophage infiltration) additionally confirms our earlier expressed opinion that the differences between women with EC are determined by both the affiliation of the neoplasm to one or another molecular biological type (subdivided according to the contemporary classification), as well as by body mass value and (very likely) the associated hormonal and metabolic attributes.
POTENTIALITIES OF THE X-RAY DIAGNOSIS OF LYMPH FLOW DISORDERS IN THORACIC ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPRESSION SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY MEDIASTINAL LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA
Authors: Afanasova N. , Shavladze Zurab , Terekhova Alena , Shakhtarina Svetlana
Published: November 2020

A comparative analysis of the results of digital radiography (DR) and spiral computed tomography (SCT) of thoracic organs was performed. Data obtained in this work and analysis of research findings on anatomy, physiology of the thoracic lymphatic system helped us understand the mechanism of tumor cell dissemination in this type of lymphoma. Anterograde dissemination of lymphoma cells led to the replacement of lymphoid tissue of the anterior mediastinal lymph nodes by tumor tissue and as a result, their filtration was disturbed. A blockade of lymph flow caused conversion of the anterograde lymph flow to the retrograde one, which provided additional accumulation of tumor cells in the lungs, pleura, epicardium, pericardium, sternum, ribs, thyroid gland, mammary gland and muscles of the anterior thoracic wall.
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF THE DYNAMIC DETERMINATION OF CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA ON PFS IN PATIENTS WITH EGFR MUTATED NSCLC, WITH OSIMERTINIB THERAPY
Authors: Moiseenko Fedor , Stepanova Mariya , Volkov Nikita , Zhabina Albina , Myslik A. , Meldo Anna , Rysev N. , Krylova D. , Klimenko V. , Bogdanov Andrey , Moiseenko Vladimir
Published: November 2020

Aim: study of the predictive value of determining ctDNA during treatment with osimertinib in patients with NSCLC with EGFR mutation. Methods: The study included patients with metastatic EG-FR-associated NSCLC, in whom, with progression against the background of 1st - 2nd generation TKIs, the T790M mutation was detected. Patients received osimertinib therapy 80 mg/ day, daily, until progression. Before treatment, and then every 2 months, whole blood was taken to conduct a qualitative assessment of ctDNA in dynamics by the RT-PCR method. Results: From 2016 to 2019 in St. Petersburg Clinical Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care (Oncology), 22 patients were identified T790M associated progression of EGFR NSCLC. 81.9% (18/22) are women, 18.1% (4/22) are men. The average age is 61.2 years (50-75). 1/22 had smoking experience for more than 30 years. The molecular genetic profile in 16 is represented by ex19del, 5 L858R, 1 -a combination of rare mutations G719S+S768I. The effect of therapy was evaluated in 20/22 patients. PR and SD were registered in 9/20 (45%) and 10/20 (50%) patients, respectively. Median PFS - 16.7 months (cI 95%, 11,4-22,0). In 12/22 patients was observed the disappearance of ctDNA T790M after 2 months of osimertinib therapy. PFS is 18,9 months (95% CI, 14,8-19,7), in patients with no mutation detected in the second month of treatment compared with the group of patients in which the ctDNA was determined (PFS 8.0 months) (CI 95%, 4,2-11,8) (p=0.015). Correlation analysis did not reveal any clinical factors associated with the disappearance of ctDNA. Conclusions: The disappearance of ctDNA in plasma after 2 months of treatment with osimertinib is associated with an increase in PFS and can be considered as a predictive marker in patients with metastatic NSCLC EGFR T790M.
IMPACT OF PREOPERATIVE THERMOCHEMORADIOTHERAPY ON SURGICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
Authors: Dobrodeev Aleksey , Tuzikov Sergey , Zavyalov Aleksandr , Startseva Zhanna
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To study short-term outcomes of thermochemoradiotherapy (TCRT) followed by radical surgery in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods: The study included 38 patients with stage III lung cancer, who were treated at the Cancer Research Institute of the TNIMC (Tomsk, Russia). The study group patients (n=18) received combined modality treatment consisting of hyperfractionated radiation therapy (40 Gy total dose in twice-daily fractions of 1.3 Gy each) given concurrently with 2 cycles of chemotherapy with paclitaxel / carboplatin after 10 sessions of local hyperthermia followed by surgery. In the control group (n = 20), only surgical treatment was performed. Results: The overall tumor response to TCRT was 94.4%, including complete response (22.2%) and partial response (72.2%). All patients tolerated local hyperthermia well. All patients (100%) underwent radical surgery. There were 23 (60.5%) lobectomies, 13 (34.2%) pneumonectomies and 2 (5.3%) combined surgeries. Postoperative complications were observed in 22.2% of patients in the study group and in 20.0% of patients in the control group. The mortality rates were 0 and 5.0%, respectively (р>0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative TCRT in patients with stage III NSCLC resulted in a significant tumor regression, was well tolerated by the patients and did not have a negative impact on postoperative period and mortality.
EVALUATING THE MIM MAESTRO SYSTEM'S CAPABILITIES IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARATION AND CONDUCTING REMOTE RADIOTHERAPY
Authors: Panshin Georgiy , Sotnikov Vladimir , Izmaylov Timur , Slobina Yelena , Smyslov Aleksey , Vasilev Vladimir , Polushkin P.
Published: November 2020

The development of the mathematical model and software for deformable registration of tomographic images of various modalities made it possible to approach to solving a number of tasks such as automatic contouring, adaptive radiation therapy and evaluation of the patient's absorbed dose distributions. One of such the software systems implementing deformable registration is MIM and its module, focused on radiation therapy MIM Maestro. The mathematical basis of the MIM system is the deformable registration algorithms efficiency of which depended on the accuracy and speed of their operation. These parameters were estimated on the basis of deformable registration of CBCT data obtained on the TrueBeam linear accelerator in the process of implementing radiation therapy treatment plans, and initial CT data, on the basis of which the radiation treatment planning was carried out. A number of advantages of the MIM system (the ability to work in all major sections, predicting the shape of the contour) provide convenience and speed of the workflow, but do not allow abandoning the use of the Eclipse system due to its available possibilities related to features of radiation therapy (work with boluses, a library of therapeutic tables, appointment of material properties). Automatic atlas contouring based on deformable registration algorithms works at an acceptable speed, but requires manual editing of the result both when using the atlas supplied by the manufacturer with the MIM Maestro system and when using our own atlases created during the system testing. Thus, the MIM Maestro system, having a high potential of the deformable registration methods implemented in it, at the same time does not allow fully automating the process, but requires careful visual control and laborious manual correction of the result.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MODERN IMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors: Oganesian A. , Protsenko Svetlana , Baldueva Irina , Semenova Anna , Anokhina Yekaterina , Novik Aleksey
Published: November 2020

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the most promising treatment option for many histological subtypes of malignant tumors, providing a long objective response and an increase in overall survival. Currently, there is growing evidence of the specific heterogeneity of clinical and radiological responses to immunotherapy, such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression. In connection with the presence of these phenomena, the clinicians have a serious question about the need to allocate a certain cohort of patients for whom therapy with immuno-oncological drugs will be most effective and safe. This review demonstrates research results describing mentioned phenomena.
ECONOMIC BURDEN OF SKIN MELANOMA (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Gribkova Irina , Krysanova Vera , Zavyalov Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

Therapy of patients with cutaneous melanoma is a serious problem, since this disease is characterized by chemo and radioresistance. In addition, new effective drugs of targeted and immunotherapy are expensive. To be able to introduce new technologies, an assessment of the economic burden caused by the disease is necessary. The aim of the study was to systematize and summarize the data of modern literature on the costs of treatment for cutaneous melanoma. The review includes data from foreign and domestic articles found in the PubMed and elibrary.ru databases containing information on the economic burden of melanoma. The paper presents data on the cost of melanoma in different countries. The dependence of treatment costs on the methods of therapy used, the stage of the disease, the presence of adjuvant therapy, the number of metastatic sites, etc. is discussed. It has been shown that the costs of treating cutaneous melanoma are significant in all countries. The most expensive is the management of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Modern drugs of targeted and immunotherapy lead to significantly higher costs than chemotherapy drugs. Among the total costs, important components are the costs for adjuvant therapy and the managing of adverse events.
A RARE VARIANT OF THE HEREDITARY FORM OF MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE OF ONCOLOGIST
Authors: Kazubskaya Tatyana , Kozlova V. , Trofimov Yevgeniy , Mikhaylova Svetlana , Shchagina Olga , Bulycheva I. , Mekheda L.
Published: November 2020

Myositis ossificans is a rare disorder, characterized by heterotopic bone formation in muscles or soft tissues which is often mistaken for neoplasia. The reasons for ossification in these tissues may be different. In most cases there is a previous trauma, but etiology may be inheritable. Heritable myositis ossificans also called Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) is associated with mutations in the ACVR1 gene and congenital abnormalities, of which malformations of the great toes is constant as well as wide femur neck. We report a case of FOP in the 9-year-old girl admitted to the clinic with swelling of the scapula and neck with a supposed diagnosis of mesenchymoma. The identified a rare germline mutation in the ACVR1 gene was the decisive factor in confirming the diagnosis of the initial manifestation of FOP, before features of ossification can be were visible during histological examination. The case is of interest because of the rarity of the pathology and the difficulty of diagnosing the early manifestation of POF before the formation of the morphological picture and the need for a multidisciplinary approach in the management of these patients
THE TECHNOLOGY OF PUNCTIONAL CRYOABLATION OF MALIGNANT BREAST TUMORS
Authors: Belyaev A. , Prokhorov Georgiy , Kryvorotko P. , Busko Yekaterina , Zakharova V. , Petrik S. , Frolov O.
Published: November 2020

The cryoablation of malignant breast tumors technology with the use of modern miniinvasive equipment based on liquid nitrogen is represented. Navigation method, monitoring and postoperative observation of patients are presented in detail. In clinical cases, where surgical operation alternatives can be considered, indications to cryoablation are: elderly patients and slow growth of tumor; enough distance from the skin; precise ultrasound visualization of tumor borders; limited lesion size, which allow icy front to fully cover the tumor; specialized oncological center conditions; navigational and miniinvasive cryogenic equipment availability; additional special training for oncologists; careful psychological training for patients and their relatives; informed consent formalization by patient and her refusal of standard treatment. Procedure starts with trepan-biopsy to get the material for immunohistochemical investigations. The first probe is installed paratumorally in the deepest point and its cryofixation in tissues is performed without large glaciation zone formed. After that other probes and injectional microthermocouples are installed in tumor's outline, then cooling is started. Capture of healthy tissues must be 1 sm with exposition retention during 10 minutes and passive warming during 10-15 minutes. Second cooling is obligatorily in the same probes' position and in the same time-intervals. All the common rules of diagnostics and complex treatment are preserved. The clinical case of successful cryoablation is presented.
ONCOLOGICAL CARE FOR THE PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN SVERDLOVSK REGION
Authors: Petkau Vladislav , Breder V. , Bessonova E. , Tarkhanov A.
Published: November 2020

HCC epidemiologic data in Sverdlovsk region are presented in current issue. 1293 of new cases of HCC were diagnosed since 2015 till 2019. The incidence rate of HCC in 2019 was 6,53 cases per 100000 people and standardized incidence ratio was 3,48 per 100000 people. The maximum of new cases was among the people older than 70 years. HCC developed in cirrhotic liver in 70,2% of cases. The main risk factors were virus hepatitis (49,6%), regular alcohol consumption (23%) and obesity (9,9%). The post-mortem diagnosis exceeds 40% of cases. The one-year mortality was 72-73%. The number of patients with HCC sent to the regional oncology dispensary increased in the last 5 years in 5 times. There were 124 of such patients in 2019. The majority has HCC at BCLC D stage (56,5%). Only 16,7% of patients received specialized treatment. The introduction of multidisciplinary team led to a doubling of annual number of treated patients with HCC.
CONTACT RADIATION THERAPY (BRACHYTHERAPY): CLINICAL CONCEPT OF DIRECT DOSIMETRY [IN VIVO] AND QUALITY ASSURANCE OF RADIATION THERAPY
Authors: Solodkiy Vladimir , Pavlov Andrey , Titova V. , Tsybulsky A.
Published: November 2020

Contact radiation therapy (brachytherapy): the clinical concept of direct dosimetry [in vivo] and quality assurance of radiation therapy the issues of organizing the brachytherapy process with the possibility of confirming the calculated doses obtained on planning systems by direct dosimetry with scintillation small-size dosimeters with the technology of their placement, fixation and visualization are Considered. The coincidence of the calculation data with the measurement results helps to improve quality assurance, especially when using the fractionation mode of a single focal dose of more than 5-6 Gr.
HIGH DOSE RATE BRACHYTHERAPY AS MONOTHERAPY FOR PROSTATE CANCER: FIVE YEAR RESULTS
Authors: Gafton Georgiy , Novikov R. , Novikov S. , Gotovchikova M. , Ilin N. , Girshovich M. , Kanaev S. , Melnik Y. , Merezhko Y.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: the aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of prostate cancer treatment (PCa) with high dose rate brachytherapy (BT-HDR) in monotherapy on 5 years of follow-up. Materials and methods: BT-HDR is performed in 198 patients of PCa. The fractionation schedule was presented by two options: two fractionations of 13 Gy in the first group (67 people) and three fractionations of 11.5 Gy in the second (131 patients). The treatment was carried out with 192Ir (Microselectron). Results: the median for patient care was: I group - 59.2 (41.4-90.3), II - 56.1 (39.4-86.4) months. During the follow-up, no patients died from the progression of the PCa. The three-year survival rate without biochemical progression was 98.5%, while the second group had 92.8%; 88.8% and 88.1%, respectively. There were no significant differences in survival rates between the BT-HDR fractionation regimes compared. In most cases, late genito-urinary radiation toxicity was represented by changes that could be characterized as 1st degree. A total of 161 patients with a three-year follow-up period had three cases (1.8%) radiation-induced stenosis urethra (complications of 3 degrees): two of them in the first group, one in the second group. Only one patient (I group) (1.5%) recorded late recto-intestinal toxicity of the 2nd degree. There were no third or higher violations in the observed groups. Conclusions: the studied mono-modes of fractionation of BT- HDR PCa (two factions of 13 Gy and three factions of 11.5 Gy) demonstrated quite acceptable indicators of effectiveness and safety with a five-year period of observation. It has been established that there are no significant differences in the frequency of biochemical relapses, as well as the severity of early and late radiation toxicity in the groups compared.
MESENCHYMAL CHONDROSARCOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK. AN OVERVIEW OF THE FEATURES, PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AND DIRECTIONS OF THE SEARCH FOR TREATMENT STRATEGIES. CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Baryshev Vladimir , Sevryukov Feliks , Andreev V. , Kondrashova L. , Kapinus V. , Polkin Vyacheslav , Pankratov V. , Akki E. , Baryshev K. , Kaprin Andrey , Ivanov Sergey
Published: November 2020

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare highly differentiated malignant tumor with a characteristic histological structure, which affects bones or soft tissues and has a high potential for local recurrence. The small number of observations of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in the head and neck region causes the episodic nature of studies of this problem, and the treatment and diagnostic tactic remains controversial. The article presents the results of the most extensive and systematic studies, which show that the main method of treatment for this category of patients is surgical. Neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy tends to improve overall survival. Radiation therapy is used as adjuvant treatment. The work provides a clinical case of a long lifetime of a patient with local recurrence of the disease in the absence of regional, distant metastasis and the use of all current methods of treatment for cancer.
Pozitronų emisijos tomografija - ką svarbu prisiminti
Authors: Tamkevičiūtė Laim , Zaveckienė Jurgita , Jurkienė Nemira
Published: November 2020

Pozitronų emisijos tomografija (PET) - pasaulyje plačiai paplitęs ir klinikinėje praktikoje įsitvirtinęs, o Lietuvoje vis dar naujas neinvazinis  branduolinės medicinos radiologinis tyrimas, kurio panaudojimas pulmonologijoje susijęs su vėžio diagnostika, jo išplitimo ir ligos eigos įvertinimu. Kitaip nei daugelis kitų radiologinių vaizdinių tyrimų, kurie padeda įvertinti tik morfologinius organų ir audinių pokyčius, PET su 18F-FDG padeda nustatyti audinių funkcinius metabolinius pokyčius in vivo. Daug gliukozės metabolizmą veikiančių veiksnių gali lemti saikingai mažesnį PET su 18F-FDG specifiškumą, todėl norint tinkamai interpretuoti tyrimo rezultatus būtina gerai įvertinti klinikinius ir anamnezės duomenis. Šio tyrimo diagnostinė vertė priklauso nuo tinkamo pacientų paruošimo. PET gali keisti ligos vadybą, tačiau negali pakeisti kitų radiologinių , instrumentinių ir histologinių tyrimų.
La Corte Penal Internacional: Traducción, Interpretación y Terminología Propia
Authors: Vargas Lobé Andrea
Published: November 2020

Resumen: Uno de los campos más importantes dentro de la Traducción e Interpretación en los Servicios Públicos son los tribunales. Entre la gran variedad de tribunales que existen encontramos uno con unas características propias muy llamativas: la Corte Penal Internacional. El presente artículo sostiene la hipótesis de que, como institución única, va a actuar de una manera propia en lo referente a la gestión lingüística y, sobre todo, va a tener una terminología propia muy diferente a la que nos vamos a encontrar en la traducción e interpretación jurídica habitual. Con el fin de confirmar dicha hipótesis hemos realizado el análisis tanto de la documentación bibliográfica disponible como de la página web de la CPI y del documento fundacional de la misma: el Estatuto de Roma (2011). Gracias a esto hemos podido concluir que, en efecto, la Corte posee una terminología propia pero que su gestión de los servicios de traducción e interpretación no difiere en exceso de la que realizan instituciones internacionales como la Unión Europea o la Organización de las Naciones Unidas.Abstract: Courts are one of the most important fields in Public Services Translation and Interpreting. Among all existing courts, we may find one whose specific characteristics are quite interesting: The International Criminal Court. The hypothesis this article supports is that the Court is a unique institution and so is going to manage its languages and, above all, is going to have a specific terminology, very different to that found in usual legal translation. In order to confirm our hypothesis, we have analyzed both the Court’s official documents we were able to find within its webpage and the foundational document of the Court: The Rome Statute (2011). Thanks to this we were able to conclude that the Court has indeed a specific terminology. However, its language management is not very different from that carried out by international institutions such as the European Union or the United Nations.
DIGITALIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AREA: FIRST RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Дунаева Л.А. , Левина Г.М. , Богомолов А.Н. , Васильева Т.В.
Published: November 2020

Статья посвящена проблемам обучения РКИ в новых информационных условиях, в которых все виды контента переходят из аналоговых форм в цифровые, одновременно становясь доступными, мобильными и персональными; получают распространение перспективные технологии (виртуализация, дополненная реальность, облачные сервисы, мобильный Интернет, миниатюрные устройства, искусственный интеллект); происходит переход к предельно простым и легко управляемым технологиям сетевой коммуникации. К результатам цифровизации сферы преподавания РКИ на современном этапе отнесены проекты по созданию открытых структурированных банков учебных интернет-ресурсов, первые шаги в организации дистанционного обучения русскому языку, трансформация бумажного учебника РКИ под влиянием смарт-технологий, новые направления исследований в области разработки и внедрения инновационных форм, педагогических инструментов и средств обучения РКИ. Одна из проблем, не получивших до сих пор адекватного решения, связана с созданием языковой среды при использовании дистанционных форм обучения русскому языку.

The article is devoted to the problems of teaching Russian as a foreign language in new informational conditions, in which all types of content are moving from analog to digital forms, at the same time becoming available, mobile and personal; promising technologies are spreading (virtualization, augmented reality, cloud services, mobile Internet, miniature devices, artificial intelligence); there is a transition to extremely simple and easily manageable technologies of network communication. The results of digitalization of the sphere of teaching RFL at the present stage include projects to create open structured banks of educational Internet resources, the first steps in organizing distance learning of the Russian language, the transformation of a paper RFL textbook under the influence of smart technologies, new areas of research in the development and implementation of innovative forms, pedagogical tools and teaching aids for RFL.
METHODS OF INCREASING STUDENT MOTIVATION IN ONLINE LESSONS OF RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Амлинская Ю.Р.
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматривается проблема мотивации студентов РКИ в рамках онлайн-обучения. Освещаются вопросы вовлечения студентов в обучение, проектную деятельность, создание языкового пространства на уроках и в домашних условиях. Автор приводит примеры информационно-коммуникационных технологий и упражнений, призванных повысить мотивацию студентов к изу-чению языка. Рассматриваются виртуальные доски, интерактивные рабочие листы, мобильные приложения, социальные сети и их использование на занятиях. Упоминаются технологии проведения телемостов, языковых обменов и виртуальных экскурсий в целях повышения эффективности онлайн-обучения. Методика работы с детьми и подростками в рамках интегрированного предметно-языкового подхода рассматривается отдельно. Автор также касается вопроса подготовки к экзаменам и тестам в онлайн-формате.

This article examines the problem of motivation of the students of Russian as a foreign language in the framework of online education. It highlights the issues of involving students in the learning process, project activities, creating a language space in the classroom and at home. The author gives specific examples of new technologies and exercises designed to increase the motivation of students to learn a language. It covers virtual whiteboards, interactive worksheets, mobile applications, social networks and provides specific examples of their use in the classroom. The technologies for conducting online conferences, language exchanges and virtual excursions in order to increase the effectiveness of online learning are also mentioned. The author considers separately the methodology of working with children and adolescents within the framework of the integrated subject-language approach. She also addresses the issue of exam and test preparation in online format.
THE METHODOLOGY OF THE APPLICATION OF SUBJECT-LANGUAGE INTEGRATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR TEACHING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND TEACHING IN RUSSIAN USING THE EDUCATIONAL PLATFORM
Authors: Богданчиков В.В. , Тренкина Е.А. , Шорина Т.А.
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматривается методика применения технологий предметно-языкового интегративного обучения в русских школах за рубежом. Рассматривается и анализируется опыт интеграции предметных областей «Русский язык» и «Окружающий мир». Описываются практический опыт занятий по русскому языку с использованием образовательной платформы в русской школе «Николай Гоголь» в Италии и примеры практической методики обучения фонетике, грамматике, лексике, видам речевой дея-тельности. Выявлены преимущества и недостатки применения цифровых технологий для обучения русскому языку и на русском языке.

The article discusses the methodology of applying technologies of subject-language integrative teaching in Russian schools abroad. The experience of integration of the subject areas «Russian language» and «The world around us» is considered and analyzed. The practical experience of classes in the Russian language using the educational platform at the Russian school «Nikolai Gogol» in Italy is described, examples of practical methods of teaching phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, communicative skills activity are described. The advantages and disadvantages of using digital technologies for teaching the Russian language and in Russian are revealed.
COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF VOCABULARY OF TRAINING TEXTBOOK
Authors: Шаповалов М.И.
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматривается процедура осуществления лингвистической оценки учебных пособий РКИ с позиций корпусного подхода. Получение и изучение количественных языковых данных позволяет составить представление о качестве материала.

The article looks at the framework of the linguistic evaluation of training textbook from the corpus approach standpoint. Acquiring and analyzing the quantitative language data allows to create a better picture of quality of the training textbook.
PRESENTATION OF RUSSIAN QUANTITATIVE ADVERBS FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS: THE SYSTEM OF EXERCISES. PART 1. LEXEMES МНОГО, ОЧЕНЬ AND THEIR DERIVATIVES
Authors: Панков Ф.И. , Гулидова Е.Н.
Published: November 2020

Статья посвящена особенностям представления русской адвербиальной лексики в иноязычной аудитории на материале квантитативов много и очень, а также мотивированных ими лексем. Проведенный функционально-коммуникативный анализ семантики и грамматики наречий позволил создать их интегральное лингводидактическое описание и разработать систему упражнений и заданий (СУЗ), направленных на обучение инофонов корректному употреблению названных лексических единиц в речи.

The articles deals with the peculiarities of presenting Russian adverbs at the lessons of Russian as a foreign language using the example of quantitative words много and очень, and their derivatives. The authors have carried out the functional communicative analysis of semantical and grammatical features of the chosen words. The results of this analysis helped create the integral linguodidactic description of words много and очень and work out a system of exercises aimed at teaching foreign students to use the above-said lexical items correctly in their speech.
PROTOPOPE AVVAKUM: THE WRITER, THE PREACHER, THE PUBLICIST
Authors: Травников С.Н. , Петривняя Е.К. , Июльская Е.Г.
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматривается история жизни и творческого пути великого русского писателя XVII столетия Аввакума Петрова. Его борьба за верность идеалам древнего благочестия, столкновения с царской властью, осуждение амбициозных планов главы русской церкви, изображение исторической действительности сложного, противоречивого «бунташного» века нашли отражение в знаменитой книге расколоучителя – «Житии протопопа Аввакума» – удивительной автобиографии «пустозерского узника», посмевшего встать на защиту другого, самобытного, не навязанного извне исторического пути России. Главная книга руководителя старообрядческого движения представляет собой уникальное литературное явление: в ней соединяются разножанровые элементы, создавая предпосылки для возникновения новой художественной формы – русского романа, представлены трагическое и ироническое начала, впервые в литературе показаны необъятные просторы России, введен новый для древнерусской книжности образ святого «грешника» – протопопа Аввакума.

The article deals with the life and creative path of the great Russian writer of the seventeenth century Avvakum Petrov. His struggle for the ideals of ancient piety, a collision with the royal power, the condemnation of the ambitious plans of the head of the Russian Church, his description of the historical reality of a complex controversial «rebel» of the century is reflected in the famous book of resolucoes – «the Life of Avvakum» – the amazing autobiography of the «pustozersk prisoner» who dared to stand up for another, original, not imposed from outside of Russia's historical path. The main book of the leader of the old believers movement is a unique literary phenomenon: it combines elements of different genres, creating the prerequisites for the appearence of a new artistic form – the Russian novel. There presents the tragic and ironic beginning, shows in detail the vast expanses of Russia, introduced a new image of the holy «sinner» – protopop Avvakum.
Solving the Near-Far Problem in Dynamic Frequency Hopping-Optical Code Division Multiple Access using Power Control
Authors: ALgalbi Wamidh
Published: November 2020

In this study, a distributed power control algorithm is proposed for Dynamic Frequency Hopping Optical-CDMA (DFH-OCDMA) system. In general, the DFH-OCDMA can support higher number of simultaneous users compared to other OCDMA techniques. However, the performance of such system degrades significantly as the received power does lower than its minimum threshold. This may obviously occur in a DFH-OCDMA network with near-far problem which consist of different fiber lengths among the users, that resulting to unequal power attenuation. The power misdistribution among simultaneous active users at the star coupler would degrade the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance for users whose transmitting signals with longer fiber lengths. In order to solve these problems, we propose an adaptive distributed power control technique for DFH-OCDMA to satisfy the target Signal to oise Ratio (S R) for all users. Taking into account the noise effects of Multiple Access Interference (MAI), Phase Induced Intensity oise (PII ) and shot noise, the system can support 100% of users with power control as compared to 33% without power control when the initial transmitted power was -1dBm with 30 simultaneous users.
Reliability & Sensitivity Analysis of IKR Regional power Network
Authors: Majeed Raouf
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a developed algorithm for reliability sensitivity analysis of engineering networks. Reliability Modeling is proposed for the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Power Network (IKRPN) using Symbolic Reliability function of the model. The written Pascal code for the developed algorithm finds efficiently path sets and cut sets of the model. Reliability and Unreliability indices are found. The sensitivity of these indices are found with respect to the variation of the network’s elements reliabilities.
Adaptive Noise Cancellation for speech Employing Fuzzy and Neural Network
Authors: Miry Mohammed , Miry Ali , Khleaf Hussain
Published: November 2020

Adaptive filtering constitutes one of the core technologies in digital signal processing and finds numerous application areas in science as well as in industry. Adaptive filtering techniques are used in a wide range of applications such as noise cancellation. Noise cancellation is a common occurrence in today telecommunication systems. The LMS algorithm which is one of the most efficient criteria for determining the values of the adaptive noise cancellation coefficients are very important in communication systems, but the LMS adaptive noise cancellation suffers response degrades and slow convergence rate under low Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) condition. This paper presents an adaptive noise canceller algorithm based fuzzy and neural network. The major advantage of the proposed system is its ease of implementation and fast convergence. The proposed algorithm is applied to noise canceling problem of long distance communication channel. The simulation results showed that the proposed model is effectiveness.
Simulation & Performance Study of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Using MATLAB
Authors: Ali Qutaiba , Abdulmaowjod Akram , Mohammed Hussein
Published: November 2020

A wierless sensor network consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensor to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditionsm such as tempreture, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants. diffirent approaches have used for simulation and modeling of SN (sensor network) and WSN. Traditional approaches consist of various simulation tools based on different languages such as C, C++ and Java, In this paper , MATLAB (7.6) Simulink was used to build a complete WSN system. Simulation procedure includes building the hardware acchitecture of the transmitting nodes, modeling both the communication channel and the receiving master node architecture. Bluetooth was chosen to undertake the physical layer communication with respect to different channel parameters (i.e. signal to Noise ratio, Attenuation and Interference). the simulation model was examined using diferent topologies under various conditions and numerous results were collected. this new simulation methodology proves the ability of the simulink MATLAB to be a useful and fexible approach to study the effect of diferent physical layer parameters on the performence of wierless sensor network.
Mosul University WLAN Security: Evaluation, Analysis and Improvement
Authors: Hachum Omar
Published: November 2020

In this paper, Mosul University Wireless Local Area Network (MUWLAN) security will be evaluated. The evaluation was made to test the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the MUWLAN. Addressing these issues will help in ensuring tighter security. After the evaluation, serious security pitfalls were found that can allow any attacker to have access to the MUWLAN and uses their internet service. Based on the obtained results, suggestions for improvement were made to tighten the security of Mosul University wireless local area network.
TESS Observations of the Hot Jupiter Exoplanet XO-6b: No Evidence of Transit Timing Variations
Authors: Ridden-Harper Andrew , Turner Jake D. , Jayawardhana Ray
Published: November 2020

From previous ground-based observations, the hot Jupiter exoplanet XO-6b was reported to exhibit apparently periodic transit timing variations (TTVs), with a semi-amplitude of 14 minutes and a period of about 450 days. These variations were interpreted as being due to a resonant perturbation between XO-6b and a hitherto unknown low-mass planet orbiting the same star. To understand this enigmatic planetary system better, we analyzed three sectors of data, spanning over seven months, from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which produces high-quality light curves that are well suited to characterizing exoplanets and searching for TTVs. Here we present an updated orbital period of 3.7649893 ± 0.0000037 days and a transit epoch of 2456652.7157 ± 0.0022 BJDTDB. The planetary parameters we report, while consistent with their discovery values, have greatly improved precision. Notably, we find no evidence for TTVs: we can rule out TTVs ≳2.5 minutes at the 3σ level. Therefore, the TESS data have sufficient precision and time baseline to readily reveal the previously reported TTVs of approximately 10 minutes. Our findings highlight the capability of TESS for robust follow-up, and confirm that TTVs are rarely seen in hot Jupiters, unlike is the case with small planets.
Orbits of Five Triple Stars
Authors: Tokovinin Andrei , Latham David W.
Published: November 2020

Joint analysis of radial velocities and position measurements of five hierarchical stellar systems is undertaken to determine elements of their inner and outer orbits and, whenever possible, their mutual inclinations. The inner and outer periods are 12.9 and 345 yr for HD 12376 (ADS 1613), 1.14 and ∼1500 yr for HD 19971 (ADS 2390), 8.3 and 475 yr for HD 89795 (ADS 7338), 1.11 and 40 yr for HD 152027, 0.69 and 7.4 yr for HD 190412. The latter system with its coplanar and quasi-circular orbits belongs to the family of compact planetary-like hierarchies, while the orbits in HD 12376 have a mutual inclination of 131°.