bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dmo2p is required for the stability and maturation of newly translated Cox2p
Authors: Soares Maria Antônia Kfouri Martins , Franco Letícia Veloso Ribeiro , Chagas Jhulia Almeida Clarck , Gomes Fernando , Barros Mário H.
Published: February 2025

Based on available platforms detailing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial proteome and other high‐throughput studies, we identified the yeast gene DMO2 as having a profile of genetic and physical interactions that indicate a putative role in mitochondrial respiration. Dmo2p is a homologue to human distal membrane‐arm assembly complex protein 1 (DMAC1); both proteins have two conserved cysteines in a Cx2C motif. Here, we localised Dmo2p in the mitochondrial inner membrane with the conserved cysteines facing the intermembrane space. The respiratory deficiency of dmo2 mutants at 37°C led to a reduction in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity (COX) and in the formation of cytochrome bc1 complex–COX supercomplexes; dmo2 also has a rapid turnover of Cox2p, the second subunit of the COX complex that harbours the binuclear CuA centre. Moreover, Dmo2p co‐immunoprecipitates with Cox2p and components required for maturation of the CuA centre, such as Sco1p and Sco2p. Finally, DMO2 overexpression can suppress cox23 respiratory deficiency, a mutant that has impaired mitochondrial copper homeostasis. Mass spectrometry data unveiled the interaction of Dmo2p with different large molecular complexes, including bc1–COX supercomplexes, the TIM23 machinery and the ADP/ATP nucleotide translocator. Overall, our data suggest that Dmo2p is required for Cox2p maturation, potentially by aiding proteins involved in copper transport and incorporation into Cox2p.
Understanding Emotional Well‐Being and Self‐Directed Professional Development of Language Teachers in a Private School: An Ecological Perspective
Authors: Irgin Pelin
Published: February 2025

Adopting a nested model of ecological systems, this study investigated how language teachers working in a private elementary school in Turkey experienced their emotional well‐being and what factors affected their emotional well‐being and self‐directed professional development. A biodata questionnaire, semi‐structured interviews, and journal writing were leveraged to identify the participants’ dynamic changes in their well‐being and professional development. The language teachers’ emotional well‐being and their teaching experiences were qualitatively analyzed under four categories namely, micro‐, meso‐, exo‐, and macrosystems of the nested ecosystem model. A grounded theory approach was used for the qualitative analysis, and the emergent codes were compared to reveal the dimensions of the dynamic ecological changes. The findings of the study provided evidence to support the dynamically changing trajectories and variables in language teachers’ emotional well‐being and their self‐directed professional development related to individual and contextual factors, namely feeling emotionally depleted and on edge in a volatile world, precarious employment, unstable schedules, and parental pressure eclipsing teacher roles. However, the sense of cooperation and collegiality among the language teachers allowed them to cope with the challenges and empowered them to tap into their professional career goals. The findings of this study contribute to the knowledge of language teachers’ well‐being and resilience in their instructional environment and provide implications for future research for language teacher professional development.
Emerging Role of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Treating Granuloma Annulare: A Clinical, Narrative Review of Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Heidari Sama , Omid Reza , Babaie Hanie , Aryanian Zeinab
Published: February 2025

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a non‐infectious, granulomatous skin disease with an unknown pathoetiology whose treatment remains challenging. In recent decades, the Janus kinase‐signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK–STAT) pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases, including GA. This pathway involves T‐helpers and macrophages, launching a cytokine cascade that plays a crucial role in the disease pathology. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors can prevent cytokine involvement. To date, limited clinical data has been reported about the effectiveness of JAK inhibitors on granulomatous diseases. This review aims to examine studies that have reported off‐label use of different JAK inhibitors in treating GA, focusing on their effectiveness and safety. Since there is no definitive treatment for GA, evaluating the role of JAK inhibitors could help establish a consensus on their future use in this type of medication.
Summary of the clinical practice guideline for the management of urinary stones, third edition
Authors: Miyazawa Katsuhito , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Iguchi Taro , Chikazawa Ippei , Yasui Takahiro , Takahashi Satoru , Hinotsu Shiro , Akakura Koichiro , Iida Shizuka , Ishito Noritaka , Inoue Takaaki , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Sakamoto Shinichi , Sato Yoshikazu , Takazawa Ryoji , Takayama Tatsuya , Tsujihata Masao , Naya Yukio , Hamamoto Shuzo , Masai Motoyuki , Masaki Takuro , Matsuzaki Junichi , Mugiya Soichi
Published: February 2025

This third edition of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Urinary stones (2023) has been developed under the leadership of the Japanese Urological Association, the Japanese Society of Endourology and Robotics, and the Japanese Society on Urolithiasis Research. This revision adheres to the Minds Manual for Guideline Development (2017) and incorporates new findings from a nationwide survey conducted in 2015, which highlighted the epidemiological characteristics of urolithiasis in Japan since the previous guidelines were published in 2013. A significant advancement in this edition is the systematic review (SR) methodology applied to formulate recommendations for 12 clinical questions (CQs). Both quantitative and qualitative SRs were performed, leading to recommendations determined through consensus among 21 members of the guideline development group. Additionally, nine algorithms were created to support clinical decision‐making based on these findings. Topics not addressed by the CQs, considered as foundational knowledge, are outlined in an “Explanation of Related Matters” section, which includes 26 items. This article provides an overview of these guidelines. This section ensures that practitioners have access to comprehensive information, covering aspects of urolithiasis management beyond the scope of the systematic reviews. This article provides an overview of the guidelines, emphasizing their relevance and importance in improving the management and treatment outcomes for patients with urinary stones. The guidelines are designed to be a practical resource for clinicians, facilitating evidence‐based care in the evolving landscape of urolithiasis treatment.
Exploring Mental Health Nurses' Perspectives on the Australian Stepped Care Model in Primary Mental Health Services
Authors: Mareya Shingai , Zhao Lin , Watts Mimmie Claudine , Olasoji Michael
Published: February 2025

Primary healthcare remains an essential aspect of mental health service delivery in most developed nations worldwide. Mental health nurses (MHNs) play an important role in the delivery of mental health care within primary health care settings. This study, a subset of a broader study, explores MHNs’ experiences of the stepped care model (SCM) in Australian primary mental healthcare. Through semistructured interviews, the exploratory descriptive inquiry study explores the perspectives of eight MHNs on the implementation and effectiveness of the SCM across diverse settings, delving into their roles, motivations, approaches to care, experiences and the challenges encountered. Five themes were identified: the diverse roles of MHNs in the SCM, motivation to work in SCM, a consumer‐centred approach, challenges of the SCM and ‘it is great if you can get it’. Findings reveal diverse roles, from delivering psychotherapy to consumers presenting with mild to moderate needs to coordinating care for individuals presenting with severe and complex challenges. MHNs working in the SCM are driven by a desire to provide flexible, recovery‐focused care. They prioritise consumer‐centred approaches and tailored care to meet individual needs. They experience challenges, including professional isolation in some cases, resource constraints, limited session availability for the consumers they work with and administrative burdens. The study underscores the need for structural enhancements to optimise the SCM's effectiveness and meet diverse consumer needs. These insights from MHNs are relevant to policymakers, Primary Health Networks (PHNs), service providers and clinicians. Future research could expand the scope to include perspectives from various disciplines involved in the model, as well as consumers and carers accessing SCM services. Overall, this paper contributes valuable insights to the discourse on the effectiveness of the SCM through the lens of MHNs delivering care within the model.
Transforming Alcohol and Other Drug Education Through Co‐Design
Authors: Goodhew Mark , Matiuk Sonia , Axisa Carmen , Gough Chris , River Jo
Published: February 2025

Over the past decade, as a broader push to address community needs and improve health outcomes, socially marginalised people have become increasingly involved in co‐design research and education. More recently, people with lived experience of substance dependence have co‐designed and co‐delivered Alcohol and Other Drugs (AOD) education with nurse educators. Evaluations of co‐designed AOD education have largely focused on educational and clinical outcomes but not on the process of co‐design. Because of this gap, there is a need for research that explores the process of undertaking co‐design with people who use substances and clinicians, including facilitators and barriers to the process that are specific to these groups. This research reports on a qualitative study exploring the barriers, facilitators, and perceived value of a co‐design process for an AOD clinical education program involving people with lived experience of substance use, nurse clinicians, and academics (nursing and public health). The participants reported that building trusting relationships and skilled facilitation enhanced the co‐design process, enabling positive conditions for working in partnership to achieve the project outcomes. However, challenging interpersonal dynamics, lack of adequate resources, and overly directive facilitation could impact team dynamics and undermine the co‐design process. Authentic co‐design has the potential to transform AOD education, ensuring that it centres the needs of people with lived experience. However, co‐design initiatives require adequate resourcing and time to develop equal and respectful relationships for this vision to be realised.
Inventor‐base concentration and corporate cash holdings
Authors: Wang Jin
Published: February 2025

Using a unique dataset tracking the career paths of inventors in U.S. public firms, we investigate how inventor‐base concentration impacts corporate cash holdings. A concentrated inventor base enhances the efficiency of utilizing inventors' human capital, reducing the transaction motive to hold cash. Conversely, the potential loss due to key inventors' departure may increase the precautionary motive to hold cash. We find a negative impact of inventor‐base concentration on cash holdings, supporting the notion of reducing the transaction motive. Firms with a more concentrated inventor base have lower demand for spending cash on labor costs and R&D. Additionally, the negative impact on cash holdings is more pronounced for firms facing financial constraints. Finally, the value of cash holdings is negatively related to the degree of inventor‐base concentration. These results highlight the importance of understanding a firm's human capital strategies when evaluating its financing policy.
Inclusion of Autistic IT Workforce in Action: An Auticon Approach
Authors: Abramova Olga , Recker Jan , Schemm Ursula , Barwitzki Lukas‐Daniel
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the IT workforce management practices of auticon, a pioneering international IT consultancy firm from Germany that employs autistic individuals as its core workforce to deliver economically and socially sustainable IT services. Our analysis of auticon's approach allows us to distil four key workplace inclusion lessons for companies on how to best integrate neurodivergent professionals in the workplace and three lessons relevant to the IT industry on its journey to become more equitable and inclusive.
Inhibitory effect of nitrite on iron sulfide dissolution at high pH
Authors: Li Zhanzhao , Hunt Angelica , Kaladharan Gopakumar , Shallenberger Jeffrey R. , Gorski Christopher A. , Radlińska Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

Oxidation reactions of iron sulfide‐bearing aggregates have been increasingly recognized as a significant cause of concrete deterioration worldwide. Yet there is a lack of mitigation strategies to control the reactions. This work investigates the effectiveness of nitrate‐ and nitrite‐based admixtures in inhibiting the dissolution of iron sulfides (pyrrhotite and pyrite) in highly alkaline environments, the first step of the deleterious reactions in concrete. Although the addition of nitrate was not found to exhibit a profound influence, the use of nitrite significantly slowed down the dissolution, reducing the overall dissolution extent by nearly 90%. Solid characterization indicated that nitrite may accelerate the formation of a protective passive layer that acts as a diffusion barrier and inhibits further dissolution. The findings demonstrate the potential of nitrite as an inhibiting admixture for controlling iron sulfide dissolution, offering new avenues for developing practical mitigation strategies for related deterioration in concrete.
Enhancing dielectric properties of BaZrTiO3 via controlled anatase/rutile core‐shell TiO2
Authors: Nam Wolil , Cheon Ransae , Seo Jihye , Heo Seokha , Cho Seungchan , Byun Giyoung , Kim Yangdo , Choi Moonhee
Published: February 2025

Numerous studies are being conducted to develop novel materials capable of achieving ultrahigh dielectric constants. In this research, we focused on controlling oxygen vacancies and grain growth in dielectric materials to enhance their dielectric properties. To achieve this, we successfully manipulated the crystal structure of TiO2 in the perovskite structure using a core‐shell approach. This innovative method allowed us, for the first time, to regulate both oxygen vacancies and grain growth during solid‐state synthesis. After heat‐treating metastable anatase TiO2 to form an anatase/rutile core‐shell structure, it was used as a precursor for Ba–Zr–TiO3 solid‐state synthesis. At the optimal conditions for the anatase/rutile core‐shell (87% rutile and 13% anatase), the electron excitation in TiO2 between the stable phase (rutile) and the metastable phase (anatase) generates localized Ti3+. The resulting oxygen vacancies induce the formation of electron‐pinned defect clusters, which are a significant cause of the ultrahigh dielectric constant in barium zirconate titanate.
Assessing the Impact of an Integrated Community Care Program on Unplanned Hospital and Emergency Department Representations: Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Shannon Brendan , Collyer Taya , Bowles Kelly‐Ann , Williams Cylie , Ravipati Tanya , Deighton Elise , Andrew Nadine E.
Published: February 2025

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Community Care Program, which was the amalgamation of three outreach services—post‐acute care, Residential In‐Reach, and the Hospital Admission Risk Program—into a single integrated care model. Specifically, we assessed its effects on unplanned hospital readmissions and emergency department re‐presentations at 30‐, 60‐ and 90‐days post‐enrolment.

Methods

A pragmatic, real‐world, population‐based observational study was conducted using an interrupted time series analysis. The study included 4708 adult patients across two periods: pre‐amalgamation (November 2014–October 2016), and post‐amalgamation (May 2017–October 2018). Data were sourced from the National Centre for Healthy Ageing Data Platform, with statistical analyses conducted using Generalised Least Squares models to account for autocorrelation.

Results

The study observed a significant increase in quarterly program enrolments post‐amalgamation, from 578 to 1011 per quarter. The 30‐day readmission rate decreased from 11.8% to 8.52% post‐amalgamation. However, interrupted time series analysis revealed no statistically significant changes in the slopes of readmission and emergency department re‐presentation rates after the program's amalgamation. The program did not result in significant changes in 60‐ or 90‐day outcomes.

Conclusions

The amalgamation of post‐acute care, Residential In‐Reach, and the Hospital Admission Risk Program into the Community Care Program led to increased service utilisation without a significant impact on reducing unplanned hospital readmissions or emergency department re‐presentations. Although the program amalgamation demonstrated improved accessibility, its longer‐term impact remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for continuous refinement and further evaluation to optimise system efficiency. No patient or public contribution occurred in this study.

Reporting Method

This study adhered to the STROBE guidelines for observational research.
Press Freedom and Systemic Risk
Authors: Kladakis George , Skouralis Alexandros
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the role of press freedom on systemic risk using an international sample of banks. We construct a novel and comprehensive measure of press freedom by integrating data from multiple widely recognized sources: the Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom country ranking, the Freedom of Expression Index, and the Freedom House Index. By combining these three distinct indices, our measure offers a more robust and multi‐dimensional assessment of press freedom, capturing a broader spectrum of factors influencing media independence and freedom of expression across countries. Our empirical evidence suggests that press freedom is associated with lower systemic risk in the banking sector. We show that this relationship is mitigated during the upward phase of the economic cycle, and enhanced during banking crises. Our findings hold when addressing potential endogeneity problems and when accounting for additional macroeconomic and firm controls.
Contemporary Study of New Onset Atrial Fibrillation Treatment Strategies at a Large Academic Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Zghaib Tarek , Khoshknab Mirmilad , Markman Timothy M. , Marchlinski Francis E. , Epstein Andrew E. , Nazarian Saman
Published: February 2025

Background

Early rhythm‐control after atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence is associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, AF ablation provides more effective rhythm‐control than antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). The extent of adoption of contemporary trials and guidelines for the management of new onset AF is unknown.

Objective

In this observational retrospective study, we sought to evaluate treatment pathways for new onset AF at a large tertiary academic medical center within the last 6 years.

Methods

We performed a systematic search within our institutional TriNetX database to identify adult patients who (1) had new onset AF between January 2018 and January 2023, (2) did not have surgery or thyrotoxicosis within 1 month of incident AF diagnosis, and (3) had at least one visit at our center > 6 months after initial AF diagnosis. Patients with prior AF diagnosis were excluded. We identified the initial three lines of treatment administered following AF diagnosis, including rate‐ or rhythm‐control strategies with AADs or ablation therapy.

Results

The cohort included 24 990 patients (mean age at diagnosis 69.8 ± 13.1 years, 58% male). During follow‐up, 7130 (29%) received rhythm‐control, 9760 (39%) received rate‐control, and 8100 (32%) received neither. Rhythm‐control consisted of AADs in 4610 (18%) and AF ablation in 2530 (10%). As first line therapy, 12 055 (48%) patients received rate‐control, 3919 (16%) received AADs and 916 (4%) underwent AF ablation.

Conclusion

Most contemporary patients with incident AF at a large US academic tertiary center either received no rate or rhythm intervention or only rate‐control.
Iloprost Concentration‐Dependently Attenuates Platelet Function and Apoptosis by Elevating PKA Activity
Authors: Wang Xuexiang , Chen Shuang , Wan Jun , Liu Chunliang , Yan Yan , Khan Muhammad Shoaib , Zhao Ziyu , Sun Kang , Hu Renping , Yang Mengnan , Xia Yue , Dai Kesheng
Published: February 2025

Iloprost, a prostacyclin (PGI2) analogue, stimulates the IP receptor (PTGIR) to interact with the Gsα β/γ complex, leading to the activation of adenylate cyclase, which enzyme produces the second messenger cAMP. Elevation in cAMP triggers intracellular signalling events and regulates a wide variety of cellular activities. Thus, we evaluated the effects of Iloprost on platelet function and apoptosis and in vivo haemostasis and thrombosis, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Firstly, we showed that Iloprost concentration‐dependently inhibited agonist‐induced P‐selectin exposure, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, platelet aggregation, ATP release, platelet spreading, and clot retraction. Moreover, Iloprost dose‐dependently inhibited FeCl3‐induced mouse mesenteric arteriole thrombosis and markedly prolonged the tail bleeding time. Iloprost also concentration‐dependently inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarisation and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalisation in platelets, thereby inhibiting platelet apoptosis, and Iloprost at concentrations lower than 2 nM inhibited only platelet apoptosis but not platelet function. Importantly, Iloprost at low doses markedly elevated peripheral platelet counts in GPIbα antibody‐induced immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Mechanistic studies showed that Iloprost concentration‐dependently antagonised agonist‐induced decline of protein kinase A (PKA) activity and elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ in platelets, thereby attenuating platelet activation and aggregation. Elevation in PKA activity inhibited dephosphorylation of proapoptotic protein BAD and reduced caspase‐3 activity, thus retarding platelet apoptosis. These data demonstrate that Iloprost dose‐dependently inhibits platelet function and apoptosis by elevating PKA activity. Moderate‐dose Iloprost impairs haemostasis and thrombosis via suppression of platelet function, and low‐dose Iloprost elevates peripheral platelet levels by inhibiting platelet apoptosis while having no effects on platelet function.
Application of Conservation Strategies for Bacteriophages Used in the Biocontrol of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Food
Authors: Hernández‐Arteaga Ana María , Mendoza‐Corvis Fernando , Salgado‐Behaine Jose , Gontijo Marco , Batalha Laís Silva , Perez Genesy , Sierra Omar Perez , Soto Lopez Maryoris E.
Published: February 2025

The encapsulation of bacteriophages shows significant potential as a biocontrol strategy in the food industry. This review explores diverse strategies, including freeze‐drying, spray‐drying, and extrusion dripping, along with the macromolecular matrices used to stabilize bacteriophages. Key findings are highlighted in the control of foodborne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Among the encapsulating agents, polymers, particularly alginate, stand out due to their biocompatibility, gel‐forming properties, ease of use, and capacity for controlled release. Different techniques and matrices have demonstrated the ability to preserve dry phage powders for up to 27 months with minimal reduction in phage titer. However, encapsulation efficiency depends on factors such as bacteriophage type, encapsulant concentration, encapsulant type, and process parameters. The development of tailored bacteriophage encapsulation strategies holds promise for expanding agricultural and food applications of bacteriophage technology.
Expert Opinions on an Optimal Infant Feeding Quantitative Data Framework: A Mixed Methods Delphi‐Style Study in the UK
Authors: Embling Rochelle , Evans Rachel , Mchugh Niamh , Kolosowska Anna , Nagaraj Varsha , Bath Rachel
Published: February 2025

Background

This study aimed to explore how expert stakeholders involved in research, policy and practice would define an ideal dataset for collecting infant feeding data, to better align efforts to monitor and evaluate breastfeeding across the UK four nations.

Methodology

Using the Delphi method, two phases of consultation were completed with a total of 42 stakeholders. First, qualitative (Round 1) and quantitative (Round 2) surveys were distributed to an interdisciplinary panel of experts, to identify individual‐level agreement for key terms and timepoints for data collection relevant to infant age. Second, policy‐led stakeholders discussed outcomes from Phase 1, before contributing to a written consultation response for their nation to indicate group‐level agreement.

Results

Across Phase 1 surveys, 13 of 15 indicators reached consensus for definitions, and 11 of 13 reached consensus for timepoints. During Phase 2, 5 of 7 indicators reached a level of final agreement. Data collection was suggested to focus on the intention to breastfeed (around birth), and the early initiation of feeding (from birth to 10 days). Monitoring of ‘exclusive’ breastfeeding from 0 to 6 months, ‘any’ breastfeeding from 0 to 24 months, and complementary feeding at 6 and 12 months, were identified as key touchpoints.

Principal Conclusions

To support the feasibility of data reforms across UK nations, these results identify consensus for a shortlist of shared data indicators (see Supplementary Figure 1), highlighting opportunities for data collection that close the gap with international standards, and align with existing monitoring frameworks and healthcare practice.
mTORC2 Regulates Actin Polymerization in Auditory Cells
Authors: Lanz Michael , Cortada Maurizio , Lu Yu , Levano Soledad , Bodmer Daniel
Published: February 2025

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is essential for hearing by regulating auditory hair cell structure and function. However, mechanistic details of how mTORC2 regulates intracellular processes in sensory hair cells have not yet been clarified. To further elucidate the role of mTORC2 in auditory cells, we generated a Rictor knockout cell line from HEI‐OC1 auditory cells. mTORC2‐deficient auditory cells exhibited significant alterations in actin cytoskeleton morphology and decreased proliferation rates. Additionally, we observed a reduction in phosphorylation of protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) and disrupted actin polymerization in mTORC2‐deficient cells. Using proteomics, we found that mTORC2 disruption altered expression of cytoskeleton‐related proteins in auditory cells. These findings provide valuable mechanistic insights into the functional role of mTORC2 in auditory cells, potentially opening new perspectives to address sensorineural hearing loss.

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Prenatal Alcohol Consumption Alters Protein Fingerprint in Umbilical Cord Blood Serum and Induces Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction
Authors: Almeida Paula Silva Lacerda , Araújo Dayana , Nascimento Juliana Minardi , Manhães Alex C. , Jesus Nilson Ramires , Stipursky Joice
Published: February 2025

Consumption of alcoholic beverages during pregnancy is directly related to the establishment of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which includes craniofacial changes, body growth restriction, and neurodevelopment impairments. Proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) depends on blood–brain barrier (BBB) development, which is formed by interactions of vascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and basal lamina. Gestational exposure to ethanol has been demonstrated to impair CNS development; however, little is known about ethanol modulation of blood circulating factors and impacts on human developing BBB. Here we investigated the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and found that 27% of pregnant women reported alcohol consumption, mainly in the first trimester. Control and alcohol‐exposed newborns showed no differences in weight, length, and appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration (APGAR) score at birth. In vitro, we cultivated human brain microcapillary endothelial cells (HBMEC) and treated with umbilical cord blood serum (UCBS) from control (S‐Control) newborns or ethanol‐exposed ones (S‐Ethanol). S‐Ethanol treatment induced 68% and 38% decreases in protein levels of ZO‐1 (tight junction) and GLUT‐1 (glucose transporter type‐1), respectively, increased endothelial monolayer permeability, migratory potential impairment, and changes in angiogenesis‐related secreted proteins profile, compared to S‐Control treatments. UCBS proteomics revealed a total of 392 proteins, 10 exclusively found in S‐Ethanol, mostly related to innate and adaptive immunity and tissue injury response. These results suggest that gestational exposure to ethanol contributes to blood altered protein profiles triggering BBB endothelial.

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Animal models of hormonal contraceptives: Understanding drug‐specific and user‐specific variables
Authors: Lacasse Jesse M. , Ismail Nafissa , Porcu Patrizia , Raval Ami P.
Published: February 2025

This manuscript reviews findings from the symposium “Hormonal Contraceptives and the Brain: A Focus on Rodent Models,” presented at the 2024 meeting for Steroids and the Nervous System in Turin, Italy. Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) are widely used by over 300 million women globally, yet their neurobiological and behavioral impacts have only recently gained extensive research attention. This review emphasizes the importance of animal models in studying these effects due to the practical and ethical limitations of human studies. By distinguishing drug‐specific variables (e.g., dosage, chemical composition, routes of administration) from user‐specific variables (lifestyle factors, genetic predispositions), researchers can better understand HC‐related outcomes. Here, we emphasize the utility of animal models for uncovering putative mechanisms underlying the effects of HCs observed in human studies. Moreover, the authors reflect on the design of the animal models of HC used in their experiments, past and present. We also discuss current research related to user‐specific variables which highlight the vulnerability of adolescents to the adverse effects of HCs, exposure to stressors, and the compounded risks of HC when combined with substances like cannabinoids and nicotine. This review underscores the value of animal models in advancing our understanding of the broader neurobiological and behavioral impacts of HCs in humans. These studies are crucial for developing personalized medicine approaches and optimizing contraceptive regimens to mitigate risks.
Synergistic Anti‐Aging Effects of Adipose‐Derived Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles Loaded With Natural Compounds
Authors: Vo Nhan , Vu Diem My , Tran Nam H. B. , Nguyen Diem D. N. , Phung Phuc M. , Nguyen Hoai‐Nghia , Tu Lan N.
Published: February 2025

Background

Small extracellular vesicles from adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC‐sEVs) are gaining attentions rapidly for inherent therapeutic values in skin care and cosmetics. However, the optimal combinations of ASC‐sEVs and certain natural compounds for synergistic anti‐aging effects have not been systematically studied.

Methods

Human ASC‐sEVs were purified from culture supernatant of ASCs and multi‐omics datasets of miRNAs, proteins and lipids of ASC‐sEVs were analyzed for pathways regulating skin homeostasis. ASC‐sEVs were then loaded with nicotinamide riboside (NR), resveratrol (RES), vitamin C (VITC), retinol (RET) and arbutin (ARB) at different concentrations by the sonication‐incubation method. Their anti‐oxidant, anti‐wrinkle and anti‐melanogenic effects were tested in vitro using the human keratinocyte HaCaT cells exposed to UVB radiation and human melanocyte B16F10 cells.

Results

Multi‐omics data analysis of ASC‐sEVs identified key bioactive molecules regulating collagen formation, pigmentation, oxidative stress and inflammation. In the in vitro screenings for anti‐aging effects, the compound‐loaded ASC‐sEVs outperformed the sEV‐ and compound‐only treatments. Specifically in UVB‐exposed HaCaT cells, 2 μg/mL sEVs loaded with 20 μg/mL NR, 2 μg/mL RES, 5 μg/mL VITC reduced reactive oxygen species level by 22.0%; while combination of sEVs and 2 μg/mL RES, 2.8 μg/mL RET significantly reduced MMP3 and upregulated PLOD1 expressions. B16F10 cells incubated with 2 μg/mL sEVs loaded with 2 μg/mL RES, 0.5 mM ARB had intracellular and extracellular melanin content lowered by 21.4% and 22.4% respectively. All the combinations caused no cytotoxicity.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated the superiority of ASC‐sEVs to deliver both endogenous biocargos and exogenous compounds to achieve synergistic skin anti‐aging effects.
A Novel Technique for Eye Rejuvenation: A Case Series of the Combined Use of CO2 Laser Blepharoplasty and Erbium: YAG Resurfacing and A Novel Artificial Intelligence Model to Quantify Laser Results
Authors: Kesty Chelsea E. , Kesty Katarina R.
Published: February 2025

Background

Consumers are searching for a solution to rejuvenate the eye area. Surgical blepharoplasties are a common solution, but they lack improvement in skin quality.

Aims

To present a novel procedure of a laser upper blepharoplasty in combination with erbium laser resurfacing of the lower eyelid for optimal rejuvenation and minimal complications.

Methods

The authors present a laser upper blepharoplasty with the CO2 laser performed at the same time as lower eyelid resurfacing using an erbium laser. The authors used an artificial intelligence large language model to assess the patient before and after photographs to quantify cosmetic improvement.

Results

After this novel procedure, patients demonstrated significant improvements in upper eyelid contour, reduced skin laxity, and smoother lower eyelid texture. Patient satisfaction was high, with each patient reporting an overall rejuvenated appearance and a more “awake” and youthful look. The artificial intelligence algorithm showed cosmetic improvement in line with the clinical evaluations by the patient and physician.

Conclusions

The combination of CO2 laser blepharoplasty and Er:YAG laser resurfacing addresses both upper eyelid dermatochalasis and lower eyelid wrinkles effectively while minimizing recovery time and the potential for complications. Artificial intelligence models were used to enhance this study and corroborate evaluator cosmetic improvement.
Pigmented Skin Disorders in High‐Altitude: Cross‐Sectional Epidemiological Analysis in the General Population of Lhasa, China
Authors: Xu Mingming , Zhen Zha , Chen Ying , Zhang Shuo , Li Jing , Li Nan , Li Ruiyu , Quzong Suolang , Huang Liming , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2025

Background

Previous studies showed the prevalence of melasma, plateau facial telangiectasia, and vitiligo varied in different regions but were absent in high‐altitude areas.

Aims

To investigate the prevalence of three common pigmented skin disorders (melasma, plateau facial telangiectasia, and vitiligo) among the general population in Lhasa, aiming to provide a scientific basis for their prevention and management in high‐altitude areas.

Methods

From May 2021 to October 2021, multistage stratified cluster random sampling was conducted in Lhasa to carry out a questionnaire and a second on‐site physical examination, and the results were statistically analyzed.

Results

The study included 4988 participants, revealing a prevalence of 14.94% for melasma, 17.14% for plateau facial telangiectasia, and 0.38% for vitiligo. Notably, the prevalence of melasma and plateau facial telangiectasia were significantly higher among women, particularly those aged 31–50 years, compared to men. Urban residents also showed a higher prevalence than their rural counterparts.

Conclusions

Our study concludes that the prevalence of the three pigmented skin disorders in Lhasa is notably higher than in lower‐altitude areas, with UV radiation being a significant risk factor. Our findings underscore the need for enhanced public health interventions, including screening, education, and prevention efforts, to mitigate the impact of these skin disorders in high‐altitude regions. Our research contributes valuable insights toward the understanding and management of pigmented skin disorders in such unique environments. It may also provide an easy‐to‐use epidemiological survey method for socioeconomically underdeveloped areas.
Gut microbiota and potential serum metabolites biomarkers of pregnant woman for preeclampsia
Authors: Meng Qingju , Gong Jingjin , Wu Junwei , Chen Fang , Li Yanqiu
Published: February 2025

Background

The pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) remains unclear, but the interaction between intestinal flora and PE has been attention in recent studies. Several studies have shown that imbalanced intestinal flora plays an important role in the inducement of PE.

Purpose

The potential correlation among intestinal flora, metabolites, and fetal growth restriction was explored by integrating data and analyzing neonatal growth. The study is hoped to provide references for subsequent studies.

Methods

A comparison between the intestinal flora of healthy pregnant women and pregnant with PE was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Subsequently, the feces, serum and umbilical cord blood collected from healthy pregnant women and those with PE were analyzed using global untargeted metabolomics to identify differences in metabolites.

Results

The results showed that Bifidobacterium, Chryseobacterium, Eubacterium, Pravotella and Bacteroides are the core species associated with many metabolites. Normal‐birth weight had a negative correlation with the abundance of raclopride, Phe‐Gly‐O and Lys‐Phe‐OH showed a positive correlation with Phosphonate and Lys‐Gly. Simultaneously, these core metabolites showed a strong correlation with other growth indices (BPD, AC, FL). In summary, the imbalance of intestinal flora in pregnant women may alter the abundance of the core metabolites, thereby affecting the neonatal growth.

Conclusions

A global untargeted metabolomics was performed on the samples including feces, serum, and umbilical cord blood. The integrated multi‐omics analysis revealed the interaction among intestinal flora, metabolites and the clinical indices, demonstrating the potential effects of the imbalance of intestinal flora on neonatal growth in the pregnant women with PE.
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma mimicking mucinous ovarian cancer: A case report
Authors: Güler Çekiç Sebile , Atay Ömer Faruk , Ülker Volkan , Akbayir Özgür
Published: February 2025

Pelvic masses can represent various etiologies, including gynecologic and non‐gynecologic conditions. As discussed in this paper, among all pathologies, intraabdominal dissemination of an extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (ESMC) presenting as a pelvic mass is a rare condition. The case is a 58‐year‐old woman with a history of soft tissue sarcoma who presented to the gynecologic oncology department with a pelvic mass and was operated on with the suspicion of mucinous ovarian cancer. She underwent complete cytoreductive surgery, and her final pathology was reported as ESMC. Due to several numbers of metastases shown in positron emission tomography‐computed tomography, she had chemotherapy and then operated on for tumorectomy from the right leg. ESMC is a rare, aggressive soft tissue neoplasm that rarely has metastasis to the abdomen. This unique case presents a late recurrence of the disease to the pelvis, which can mimic mucinous ovarian cancer.
The impact of oral postbiotics on the restoration of pelvic floor muscle function
Authors: Xu Yuan , Yang Yawei , Chen Ruxin , Li Can , Li Mingdian , Yuan Qingxi , Gao He
Published: February 2025

Aim

To elucidate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of postbiotics in ameliorating stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in a rat model.

Methods

SUI model was established via pelvic floor injury and bilateral ovariectomy to simulate postmenopausal conditions. Following successful model induction, subjects were randomly allocated into control, model, positive drug, and experimental groups. The positive drug group received midodrine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg), while the experimental group received postbiotics (75 mg/kg) daily for 28 days. Urodynamic and abdominal leak point pressure tests were conducted on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. After 28 days, histopathology and western blot analysis for collagen I (Col I), collagen III (Col III), and elastin, as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction for gene expression, were performed.

Results

The model group showed abnormal urodynamic waveforms and lower maximum abdominal leak point pressure compared to controls. Histopathology revealed muscle fiber disarray, fiber rupture, and decreased muscle thickness. Both mRNA and protein levels of Col I, Col III, and Elastin were reduced. Midodrine improved urodynamic parameters and pathology, increasing Col I, Col III, and Elastin levels. Postbiotics also improved urodynamic parameters and pathology, with increased protein levels of Col I, Col III, and Elastin, and upregulated mRNA levels of Col I, Col III, Elastin, and transforming growth factor β1.

Conclusion

Postbiotics demonstrate therapeutic potential in alleviating SUI in rats by upregulating the expression of Col I, Col III, Elastin, and transforming growth factor β1 genes, enhancing collagen and elastin protein content in sphincter and pubococcygeus muscles, and consequently restoring muscle contractility and function.
Understanding older consumers' new product‐related information behaviors—A life‐span theory perspective
Authors: Hettich Dominik , Bornemann Torsten , Hattula Stefan
Published: February 2025

For firms facing an aging society, substantial adoption gaps that often exist for new product alternatives between older and younger consumers pose a significant challenge. To examine the root cause of this phenomenon, our research draws on life‐span theory and is based empirically on a set of studies involving 2050 participants in both field and controlled settings. As a first contribution, we show that, in contrast to growth‐oriented younger consumers, older consumers exhibit lower levels of novelty seeking because of their relatively higher prioritization of maintenance goals. This predisposition leads older consumers to perceive the inconvenience induced by the possible behavior change associated with purchasing new (vs. established) products in a given category as more salient than potential benefit gains. In comparison, younger consumers perceive benefit gains to be more salient. For established product alternatives with familiar benefits, there is no such clear age‐related difference. As a second contribution, we propose easy‐to‐implement adaptations of the communication strategy to address this issue, and we examine the effectiveness of these adaptations in a field study at the point‐of‐purchase. Specifically, since prevention‐framed (vs. promotion‐framed) claims are more compatible with older consumers' maintenance orientation, they can increase the salience of benefit gains over behavior change for new product alternatives and foster older consumers' product‐related information behaviors and new product consideration. These results have important implications for researchers and managers as they refine the understanding of older consumers' acceptance of new products.
Tensioning diaphragmoplasty for treating bilateral phrenic nerve paralysis in a dog
Authors: Matsumoto S. , Hosoya K. , Kim S. , Okumura M.
Published: February 2025

A spayed female Miniature dachshund presented with a large mediastinal mass. During thymectomy, the left phrenic nerve, which was encircled by the neoplastic tissue, was resected en bloc with the tumour and the right phrenic nerve was damaged by thermal coagulation from electrosurgery. Postoperatively, the dog exhibited significant respiratory distress and paradoxical respiratory movement. Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis was confirmed on inspiratory radiographs, and lack of structural abnormalities on thoracic computed tomography was noted. The dog collapsed 5 days postoperatively from respiratory fatigue. Thus, salvage surgery and tensioning diaphragmoplasty were performed. Briefly, The diaphragm was partially resected, primarily closed and reinforced with a polypropylene mesh sutured on the abdominal surface. Thereafter, the dog's condition improved significantly. The dog did not present with respiratory issues until she died of urothelial carcinoma on day 375. In conclusion, this surgical technique can be considered to re‐establish the function of the diaphragm.
Effectiveness of current digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia interventions for adolescents with insomnia symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cleary Melissa A. , Richardson Cele , Ross Ruby J. , Heussler Helen S. , Wilson Andrew , Downs Jenny , Walsh Jennifer
Published: February 2025

Sleep problems occur in up to 20%–45% of adolescents. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the effectiveness of digital sleep interventions, based on cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, for adolescents with insomnia symptoms. The objective was to synthesise and quantify, through meta‐analyses, changes in sleep following completion of a digital sleep‐based intervention. MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases were searched from January 2012 to March 2024. Within‐subject studies or randomized–controlled trials reporting the effects of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the integrated quality criteria for the review of multiple study designs. Random‐effects meta‐analyses estimated pooled standardised within‐subject mean differences to assess effectiveness. Nine studies involving 486 adolescents were included. Digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia interventions were effective in reducing insomnia symptoms (Hedges’ g = 1.40), subjective sleep‐onset latency (Hedges’ g = 0.72) and waking after sleep onset (Hedges’ g = 0.47), and increasing subjective and objective total sleep time (Hedges’ g = −0.29 and −0.23, respectively). Other objective measures of sleep did not improve. All studies met the minimum ICROMS score and were considered to be of sufficient quality. Seven within‐subject studies failed to satisfy all mandatory criteria. These results suggest that digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia interventions are effective in improving adolescent's perceptions of their sleep, but are less effective at improving some objective measures of sleep. To achieve a clear understanding of how digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia interventions compare with other behavioural interventions, additional high‐quality randomized–controlled trials comparing digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia interventions with traditional in‐person modalities are needed. (PROSPERO;CRD42021287479).