bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review Comparing Lymphoscintigraphy and Magnetic
Resonance Imaging Techniques in the Assessment of Peripheral
Lymphedema
Authors: Quartuccio Natale , Agugliaro Federica , Alongi Pierpaolo , Sturiale Letterio , Arnone Gaspare , Corrao Salvatore
Published: May 2022

Background:

Peripheral lymphedema represents a debilitating condition affecting the lymphatic
system of the limbs resulting from impaired drainage and excessive lymphatic fluid accumulation
in the interstitial spaces. Lymphoscintigraphy is the imaging modality of first choice to investigate
patients with peripheral lymphedema. Nevertheless, in recent times, magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) techniques have also been applied to assess patients with lymphedema.

Objective:

The present systematic review aims to appraise the evidence by providing a head-to-head
comparison between lymphoscintigraphy and MRI techniques in peripheral lymphedema.

Method:

A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed database and Cochrane
Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The eligibility criteria for the articles to be included
in the qualitative synthesis were: 1) a study cohort or a subset of patients with a clinical diagnosis of
peripheral lymphedema (either upper or lower limb); 2) execution of both MR imaging and lymphoscintigraphy
in the same subset of patients. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed
by an investigator using the “Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies” tool, v. 2
(QUADAS-2).

Results:

Overall, 11 studies were ultimately included in the quantitative analysis. No meta-analysis
was performed due to the heterogeneous patient samples, the different study aims of the retrieved literature,
and the limited number of available articles. In the diagnosis of upper limb extremity
lymphedema, the sensitivity of MRI techniques appears superior to that of lymphoscintigraphy. Comparative
studies in the lower limbs are still scarce but suggest that MRI may increase the diagnostic
accuracy for lymphedema.

Conclusion:

The available literature on patients with lymphedema evaluated with both lymphoscintigraphy
and MRI does not allow definite conclusions on the superiority of one imaging technique over
the other. Further studies, including well-selected patient samples, are still necessary to compare the
accuracy of these imaging modalities. Since MRI techniques seem to provide complementary findings
to lymphoscintigraphy, it would be conceivable to acquire both imaging exams in patients with peripheral
lymphedema. Furthermore, studies evaluating the clinical impact of adding MRl to the diagnostic
workup are warranted.
Quality Control Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells During
Investigational New Drug Application for GvHD Administration in China
Authors: Wang Aitong , Zhang Leisheng , Zhao Meng , Yu Hao
Published: May 2022

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), including the acute and chronic types (aGvHD, cGvHD),
arise as the dominating secondary disease in patients with unsatisfying consequences of allogeneic hematopoietic
stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Approximately half of GvHD patients were steroid-resistant,
with a two-year overall survival rate lower than 20%. Worse still, there are no standardized criteria for an
optimal second-line therapy for steroid-resistant aGVHD patients. Notably, pioneering investigators have
highlighted the ameliorative or therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal
stem/stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) upon GvHD largely attributed to their unique hematopoietic-supporting
and immunomodulatory properties. Of note, quality control (QC) is the prerequisite to assure the safety
and quality of hUC-MSCs before investigational new drug (IND) applications and large-scale clinical
applications. Herein, we summarize the state-of-the-art updates upon IND-associated QC and clinical
trials of hUC-MSCs during allogeneic HSCT in China. Meanwhile, the supervisory policy and medical
ethics of current licensed MSC products for GvHD administration and the concomitant opportunities and
challenges have also been discussed.
Recent Advancements in Organotin(IV) Complexes as Potent Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Devi Jai , Boora Ankit , Rani Manju , Arora Tanisha
Published: May 2022

Background:

Cancer cases have escalated by approximately 12% since1900 and incidence rate has increased faster for females than males. Cisplatin’s discovery in 1965 paved the way for the metal-based compounds as cancer therapeutics. Unfortunately, cisplatin and other platinum-based medicines causes severe side effects. Therefore, non–platinum metal complexes have been developed as alternative chemotherapy for cancer. Among non-platinum metal complexes, organotin’s are the most effective candidates in oncology due to their wide range of anticancer activity with relatively minimal toxicities towards healthy cells, better excretion from body and fewer side-effects than platinum drugs.

Methods:

Using DOI searching, advances made by organotin(IV) complexes coordinated with Sn–O, Sn–N and Sn–S as anticancer chemotherapeutic agents since 2018 have been summarized in this article. Chemical structure, in vitro antiproliferative activity in terms of IC50/EC50/LD50 are cumulated.

Results:

As reflected in this perspective, organotin(IV) complexes are found to induce high cell death via apoptosis and also several complexes demonstrated anticancer activity even higher than standard drugs.

Conclusion:

Undoubtedly, the organotin(IV) complexes could bring hope to morbidity and mortality of human being caused by fast spreading cancer in the whole world and can play an important role in drug discovery.
Bone Remodeling in an Mps-1h Girl after Hematopoietic Stem Cell
Transplantation along with Enzymatic Replacement Therapy
Authors: Tummolo Albina , Brunetti Giacomina , Piacente Laura , Marzollo Antonio , Biffi Alessandra , Burlina Alberto , Faienza Maria Felicia
Published: May 2022

Background:

Mucopolysaccharidosis-1H (Hurler syndrome, MPS-1H) is the most
severe form of a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by variants in IDUA, encoding alpha-
L-iduronidase (IDUA). MPS-1H is also associated with various degrees of skeletal defects due
to the accumulation of partially degraded glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the lysosomes of
connective tissue cells. The efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and
enzymatic replacement therapy (ERT) on MPS-1H skeletal manifestations is still considered
unsatisfactory.

Case presentation:

We report the case of a young girl, who manifested significant changes in
bone remodeling markers and osteoclastogenesis potential after HSCT combined with ERT. She
received ERT and underwent two HSCTs. The skeletal alterations at the time of diagnosis showed
a trend toward improvement of both mobility and radiological features after HSCT. We observed
the highest levels of Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and
RANK/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio at diagnosis and during ERT, consistently with spontaneous
osteoclastogenesis. Conversely, after the successful HSCT with ongoing ERT, the highest levels
of osteocalcin were observed and all markers of bone formation and resorption improved.

Conclusion:

The combination therapy of ERT and HSCT was effective in reducing osteoclast
activity and increasing osteoblast activity, and these changes were according to the child's bone
phenotype, IDUA activity, and Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) trends. These results represent one of
the few pieces of human evidence in this context.
Toxicity, Genotoxicity, and Carcinogenicity of Isotretinoin
Authors: Yilmaz Serkan
Published: May 2022

Background:

Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly observed in adolescence,
but it can also be seen during the neonatal, infantile, pre-pubertal, and adult periods.
Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) is a first-generation retinoid and is the most effective treatment
for acne vulgaris.

Objective:

The present study has been systematically designed to figure out the toxic, genotoxic,
and carcinogenic activities of isotretinoin.

Methods:

In this study, a systematic approach was followed by focusing on the possible links
between these topics. The search of the databases was carried out author in accordance with
the guidelines of the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (2009) developed by York University
National Institute of Health Research. The search was concentrated on the Web of Science,
PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, EBSCO Host, and Google Scholar databases.

Results:

Isotretinoin was found as a toxic agent in all studies. All researchers proposed that
apoptosis is the only pathway of adverse effects of isotretinoin. However, genotoxicity, teratogenicity,
and carcinogenicity information of isotretinoin is very limited and controversial.

Conclusion:

More detailed studies need to clarify the genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of
isotretinoin. Patients should be informed correctly, the risks of treatment should be explained,
and awareness should be raised.
Cellulose Supported Propylamine/Molybdate Complex: A Novel and
Recyclable Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Pyranopyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Farahi Mahnaz , Keshavarz Raziyeh
Published: May 2022

Background:

Carbon-based materials, due to their unique properties such as lightweight,
different forms, doping capability with hetero atoms, low cost, and ease of processability,
are suitable support, for heterogeneous catalysts. Among them, cellulose, as one of the most abundant
and renewable organic polymers, preserves a key position in many organic raw materials.
Pyranopyrimidine derivatives, due to their high biological activity are of interest to both medicinal
chemists and biochemists. Moreover, they play the most fundamental structural role in many natural
compounds and are medicinally useful molecules. Owing to the great variety of biologically
active pyridines, it is not surprising that the pyridine ring system has become a vital basic component
in many pharmaceutical agents.

Method:

In this study, cellulose as a heterogeneous support was used to prepare an efficient solid
catalyst. Cellulose, as the most abundant organic polymer, is a suitable material for this purpose.
Then, by immobilizing polyoxomolybdate by a linker on the surface of this carbon-based material,
we succeeded in producing Cell@(CH2)3N=Mo[Mo5O18] nanocatalyst. The structure and properties
of this catalyst were confirmed by various analyses including FT-IR, XRD, EDS-map, FESEM,
and TGA, and its efficacy was evaluated by its use in the preparation of Pyrano[2,3-
d]pyrimidine derivatives through a multicomponent reaction between aryl aldehydes, malononitrile,
and barbituric acid.

Results:

The results of this study showed that this new and non-toxic organo-inorganic hybrid
nanocatalyst provides the desired products in a short time and with appropriate efficiency.

Conclusion:

The key features of the present protocol include reusability of the catalyst, ease of
recovery, ambient reaction conditions, and simple work-up procedure that make it economic and
sustainable.
Shwasananda Vati, a South Indian Traditional Herbo-Mineral Formulation:
Insights on the Proposed Biological Roles, Safety, and Therapeutic
Profile
Authors: Kumar T. Sanath , Sharma Rohit , Shrilata  , Kumar Dileep
Published: May 2022

Shwasananda vati (SV) is a South Indian traditional herbo-mineral formulation widely
used in different parts of southern India, particularly in Kerala state. The formulation is documented
in an ancient Kerala traditional treatise and is widely used as a treatment for respiratory ailments in
both children and adults. The formulation is cited in an ancient Kerala traditional treatises and significantly
used as a remedy for respiratory ailments in children as well as adults. The composition
comprises herbs and mineral which is categorized under poisonous drugs (schedule E (1) drugs) as
per Ayurvedic Indian traditional system of medicine. However, in Ayurveda, herbo-mineral drugs
are purified or detoxified before being used for therapeutic purposes. Ayurveda doctrines consider
these herbo-mineral medications to have unique attributes such as instant effectiveness, the requirement
of a very small dosage, and a wide range of therapeutic utility. The compliance data on the
safety and efficacy of this formulation or its ingredients is scarce. To place traditional medicine on a
scientific footing, a thorough knowledge of SV, its therapeutic potential, safety, and toxicity profile,
supported by scientific evidence, is necessary. The present report analyses the role of this traditional
preparation, highlighting traditional therapeutic claims, possible bioactivities, safety profile, and
therapeutic potential as per current assumptions of science.
Dyslipidemia Secondary to the Use of HAART in Adults: A Systematic
Review
Authors: Couto Ricardo David , Oliveira Diogo Pereira Rodrigues , Macêdo Ana Paula Azevêdo , dos Santos Gonçalves Mariane
Published: May 2022

Background:

HIV infection affects millions of people globally. Currently, although
several drugs have brought an improvement in the quality and life expectancy of these individuals,
they are accompanied by several adverse effects.

Objective:

To conduct a systematic review of studies examining the relationship between antiretroviral
therapy (ART) uses and secondary dyslipidemia.

Methods:

The review followed the criteria defined by PRISMA. Only articles that completely
evaluated the lipid profile were included, which consisted of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides
(TG), and LDL cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL cholesterol (HDL-c).

Results:

It was observed that the use of nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(NNRTI and NNRTI respectively) drugs and protease inhibitors are the most used in ART and
are associated with changes in lipid profiles. The main changes observed were increases in TC,
TG, and LDL-c in addition to a decrease in HDL-c. These patients had a higher risk of developing
cardiovascular disease not only due to the use of therapy, but also due to the presence of other
comorbidities evaluated in these studies, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The increase
in age, the difference between genders, CD4 T-cell count, and viral load, were observed as risk
factors for worsening dyslipidemia.

Conclusion:

According to the findings of this study, anti-HIV therapy is linked to dyslipidemia,
which may or may not be the primary cause, and is frequently connected with a number of metabolic
problems that can exacerbate the illness.
Effects of Two Modes of Groups Counseling Approaches on HIV
Voluntary Counseling and Testing Among School-going Adolescents
Authors: Lawrence Kehinde Clement , Elizabeth Osita Egbule
Published: May 2022

Aims:

The study investigated the effects of cognitive behavioral and reality group therapies in fostering human immunodeficiency virus/ voluntary counseling and testing among school-going adolescents in Benin Metropolis, Edo State, Nigeria.

Method:

A pre- and post-test true experimental control group design was observed. While 120 school-going adolescents from three randomly selected schools were recruited and randomly assigned to two treatments (Cognitive Behavior [37] and Reality [34] Therapies) and control [38] groups, with 11 dropout accounting for 9% alteration rate. The treatment last six weeks. Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The instruments used for data collection were self-administered scales with a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.87 after an interval of three weeks. Data generated was analyzed using the inferential statistics of Analysis of Variance tested at a 0.05 level of significance.

Results:

The results showed that cognitive behaviour and reality therapies were significantly effective in fostering HIV/voluntary counselling and testing among school-going adolescents. That is, the two modes of group interventions improve the willingness of adolescents of these schools towards receiving counselling and performing testing for HIV.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that cognitive behaviour and reality therapies were found to be potent on school-going adolescents’ willingness toward HIV voluntary counselling and testing for prevention and treatment.
Anti-coronaviral Activity of Plant and Seaweed Secondary Metabolites: A
Review
Authors: Ülger Taha Gökmen , Yılmaz Serkan , Çakıroğlu Funda Pınar , Uçar Aslı
Published: May 2022

Background:

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), one of the greatest challenges facing
humanity, continues to affect millions of people worldwide. Vaccines approved and authorized for use are
effective against COVID-19, but viral variants of concern may emerge in the near future. The discovery
of novel antiviral agents will help humanity overcome COVID-19 and aid in any future viral pandemics.

Objective:

This review aimed to evaluate evidence from the plant- and seaweed-derived secondary compound-
based interventions for viral diseases caused by coronaviruses.

Methods:

A comprehensive search of several databases, including Cochrane Library, Web of Science and
PubMed was conducted to identify available studies evaluating the outcomes of plant- and seaweed secondary
metabolites in viral diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome and COVID-19.

Results:

The volume of existing reports is irrefutable evidence that some plant- and seaweed-derived
secondary compounds (e.g., mannose-specific lectins, griffithsin, cyanovirin-N, gallate, curcumin, luteolin,
quercetin and betulinic acid) possess a potential antiviral ability against coronaviruses, including
SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion:

Plant and seaweed secondary metabolites with antiviral activity show their activity in different
metabolic pathways. Besides reducing and preventing the metabolic damage caused by proinflammatory
cytokines and oxidative stress, several plants and seaweed secondary metabolites can also be effective
in improving some clinical indexes specific to COVID-19. Despite their effectiveness in preclinical
studies, plant and seaweed-derived secondary compounds need more pharmacokinetic studies and safety
measures concerning their mitogenic and allergenic properties.
El género Xylaria (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota) en el bosque tropical caducifolio de México
Authors: Osorio-Navarro Yulena , Valenzuela Ricardo , Bautista-Hernández Silvia , Mendoza-González A. Catalina , Mateo-Cid Luz Elena , Raymundo Tania
Published: May 2022

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Xylaria presenta estromas periteciales, oscuros, con gran variabilidad morfológica ascas cilíndricas con un poro apical amiloide y ascosporas elipsoides, con línea germinal presente o ausente color marrón oscuro. Posee una distribución mundial; se han descrito más de 250 especies, con mayor diversidad en las regiones tropicales. En México se conocen 109 taxones, de los cuales 17 se han registrado en localidades con presencia de bosque tropical caducifolio. El objetivo principal del presente estudio es describir las especies de Xylaria que se encuentran en este tipo de vegetación y ampliar su distribución geográfica conocida.
Métodos: Se estudiaron especímenes provenientes de localidades con bosque tropical caducifolio de México y depositados en la colección de hongos del herbario ENCB. Se examinaron macro y micromorfológicamente de acuerdo con las técnicas convencionales de micología.
Resultados clave: Se documentan 20 especies del género Xylaria que han sido registradas en los bosques tropicales caducifolios de México. En este trabajo son descritas ocho de ellas por considerarse menos frecuentes. Xylaria titan se cita, de la Reserva de la Biosfera Chamela-Cuixmala, Jalisco, por primera vez para México. Xylaria alata, X. apiculata, X. bambooensis, X. claviceps, X. feejeensis, X. grammica, X. laevis, X. longiana, X. multiplex, X. oxyacanthae y X. scruposa son nuevos registros para algunos estados. Xylaria apiculata y Xylaria claviceps también se reportan por primera vez para este tipo de vegetación en el país.
Conclusiones: Xylaria es un género poco representado en el bosque tropical caducifolio de México. Se amplía la distribución geográfica previamente conocida de las especies de Xylaria en este tipo de vegetación. Sin embargo, en la región neotropical hacen falta estudios ecológicos, biogeográficos y moleculares, para un mayor entendimiento del taxón.
Television Series as a Phenomenon of Screen Culture
Authors:   Kursk State University, Volokhova Natalia V. , Postnikov Alex V.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Modern screen culture as a component of mass communication occupies a leading position in terms of influence on public consciousness. A television series as a part of mass culture secures important content, time and functional positions. In our opinion, with the increasing importance of the television series as an aspect of mass culture in particular and modern socio-cultural life in general, active attention should be paid to the formation of this phenomenon as a postmodern aspect and reflection of the "non-classical" model of reality. The purpose is to identify the specifics of a television series as a cultural text and determine its place in the field of modern screen culture. Objectives: to establish the role and significance of the TV series in the context of the current reality of screen culture and to assess its communicative effectiveness; to find the relationship between the seriality of a television series through its reflection as a phenomenon of mass consciousness and an important aspect of postmodern reality; to trace the specifics of the language of the TV series and the complex of semiotic codes presented in it; analyze the phenomenon of the TV series and evaluate its impact on the viewer through psychological and emotional mechanisms. Methodology. In the process of working on the study, mainly structural-diachronic, historical-biographical, hermeneutic methods, the method of system analysis were used. The results of the study can be used in the course of the educational process when considering issues in various courses on anthropology, philosophy of history, philosophy of culture, etc. Conclusions. As our analysis of the source base shows, as a rule, the television series became the object of research from the point of view of classical aesthetics or from the point of view of its perception from the point of view of the recipient, that is, the audience. For us, the television series is of interest primarily as a semiotic carrier of a cultural text, where multidimensional and multilevel inclusions of various discourses and codes are reflected.
Dual Meaning of Trust in Social Capital Theory
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Zayakina Raisa A.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Considering the integral part that trust plays in the theory of social capital itself as well as in its network refraction, it is important to determine the functional content of the studied category. Further theoretical detailing and ways of applying theory to the study of social objects depend on the interpretation of trust. It can be either an element of content or a source of social capital. The purpose of the study is to identify the reasons for the duality of understanding of trust in relation to social capital and to establish the boundaries of the semantic demarcation of the concept under discussion. Objectives: identify the features that allow us to consider trust as an element of social capital in a network social organization; to reveal the grounds on which trust is ranked as a source of social capital in the network approach; define a role in establishing everyday order; to make the question of the importance of the researcher in the organization of the semantic boundaries of the studied phenomenon relevant. Methodology. In addition to the theory of social capital, the research is based on the achievements of the network and informational approaches. Theoretical and methodological approaches correlate with each other and determine the choice of research methods. Key words: methods of socio-philosophical analysis necessary to achieve an assessment of the role of social capital in the context of interaction and the method of identifying determinant factors (the method of causality), which affects network activity and forms social capital. The research results made it possible to reveal the foundations of the trust interpretations that have developed in the theory of social capital. The characteristics of trust are revealed, which make it possible to classify it as a component of social capital. The features that relate it to conditions contributing to the origins and development of social capital have been determined. Conclusion. By focusing on certain aspects of trust, the researcher identifies its functions, hence diving into a certain semantic connotation of the phenomenon under study.
The Modern Challenges in Retrospect of the Long-Term Trend in the Development of Colonialism
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Sirotkina Anastasia I.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. The global structural crisis of the liberal socio-economic system indicates the need to resolve the accumulated contradictions, which is possible only if they are comprehensively analyzed, and the reasons for their generation are found. In particular, under these conditions, the political economic approach to the analysis of the global socio-economic system, which previously revealed its inherent hierarchy, is being reactulated. Thus, the study of the socio-economic system of neocolonialism is becoming relevant again. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the socio-economic system of neocolonialism as one of the main causes of the global structural crisis that has arisen. Objectives. This goal is achieved by solving the following objectives: identifying the socio-economic system of neocolonialism that really exists on a global scale, which continues to exist and develop after the nominal collapse of empires in the 60’s of the 20th century, as well as representing its destructive impact on the development of the global socio-economic system. Methodology. The solution of these tasks is carried out by applying general scientific research methods within the framework of logical, statistical and comparative analysis. The result of the conducted research is the confirmation of the existence of the socio-economic system of neocolonialism, which has a decisive influence on the global socio-economic system. Conclusions. The conducted research is applicable for the structural analysis of global socio-economic processes, as well as the formation of interdisciplinary theoretical models that reveal the destructive processes taking place in the modern market world system and allow in the search for ways out of the current global comprehensive crisis, which is especially relevant for Russia, which is in a colonial situation, and has the whole range of properties characteristic of the countries of the periphery of the world capitalist system, which entails all the challenges inherent in this situation.
Authors' Response to Peer Reviews of “Mask Use to Curtail Influenza in a Post–COVID-19 World: Modeling Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Froese Henri , A Prempeh Angel G
Published: May 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is the author's responses to peer review reports related to MS# 31955.
Characteristics of student SARS-CoV-2 cases on an urban university campus: An Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Landry Megan , Vyas Amita , Nagaraj Nitasha , Sardon Jr Gary A. , Bornstein Sydney , Latif Hannah , Kucherlapaty Padmini , McDonnell Karen , Castel Amanda , Goldman Lynn
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Academic institutions are central hubs for young adults, laden with academic and social interactions, and communal living arrangements, heightening the risk of transmission of many communicable diseases, including COVID-19. Shortly after the start of the Fall 2020 academic year, institutions of higher learning were identified as hotspots for rises in COVID-19 incidence among young adults.

OBJECTIVE

This analysis aims to identify the characteristics of student SARS-CoV-2 cases, identify the extent to which the student population adhered to preventative strategies, and examine behaviors that would put them at higher risk of contracting or spreading COVID-19.

METHODS

This observational study comprises 1,175 university students at The George Washington University (GWU) in Washington, DC, with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis between August 3, 2020, and November 30, 2021. Case investigation and contact tracing tools were developed by the Campus COVID-19 Support Team and captured in REDCap. Trained case investigators were notified of a case and attempted to contact all cases within 24 hours of the case receiving their lab result. Associations between case characteristics and number of contacts were examined using Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests. Knowledge of exposure, behaviors since exposure, and student residence status, and fraternity and sorority life affiliation were examined using Chi-Square tests.

RESULTS

Positive student cases reported a median of three close contacts and 84.6% reported at least one symptom with a median of four COVID-19 symptoms. Congestion (53.4%), cough (45.1%), and headache (41.2%) were the most frequently reported symptoms. Thirty-six percent reported that they did not know how they were exposed to the virus. Among those aware of contact with a COVID-19 confirmed case, 55.1% reported the contact was a close friend or family member and 25.3% reported that it was someone with whom they lived. Athletes (vs. non-athletes), on-campus (vs. off-campus), and undergraduate (vs. graduate) students all reported a significantly higher number of contacts (P<.01). Students living on campus were more likely to report attending campus events in the two days prior to symptom onset or positive test result (P=.004). Students with fraternity/sorority affiliation were more likely to report attending campus events in the two days prior to symptom onset or positive test result (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

COVID-19 cases have not yet stabilized to a predictable state, but this study provides case characteristics and insights for how academic institutions might prepare to mitigate outbreaks on their campuses as the world plans for the transition from pandemic to endemic COVID-19.
Towards novel measurements of remodeling activity in cortical bone: implications for osteoporosis and related pharmaceutical treatments
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharamcology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada, Loundagin LL , Cooper DML
Published: May 2022

Bone remodelling is performed by basic multicellular units (BMUs) that resorb and subsequently form discrete packets of bone tissue. Normally, the resorption and formation phases of BMU activity are tightly coupled spatially and temporally to promote relatively stable bone mass and bone quality. However, dysfunctional remodelling can lead to bone loss and is the underlying cause of osteoporosis. This review surveys how BMU activity is altered in postmenopausal, disuse and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis as well as the impact of anabolic and anti-resorptive pharmaceutical treatments. The dysfunctional remodelling observed during disease and following medical intervention bares many testable hypotheses regarding the regulation of BMU activity and may provide novel insights that challenge existing paradigms of remodelling dynamics, particularly the poorly understood BMU coupling mechanisms. Most bone remodelling research has focused on trabecular bone and 2D analyses, as technical challenges limit the direct assessment of BMU activity in cortical bone. Recent advances in imaging technology present an opportunity to investigate cortical bone remodelling in vivo. This review discusses innovative experimental methods, such as 3D and 4D (i.e. time- lapsed) evaluation of BMU morphology and trajectory, that may be leveraged to improve the understanding of the spatio-temporal coordination of BMUs in cortical bone.
Algicidal Effects of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Bijula B.L. , Alex Swapna , Soni K.B. , Anith K.N. , Joy M. , Nair Deepa S. , Beena R. , Benny Amala
Published: May 2022

Eco-friendly anti-algal agents are in demand for preventing the growth of unwanted algae. Green synthesized nanoparticles exhibit antimicrobial properties and have been used as a better alternative against chemical and physical processes. In the present study, treatment of silver nitrate with leaf extracts (5% w/v) of Tinospora cordifolia, a plant with proven antimicrobial effects, exhibited UV-visible absorption maxima between 440-460 nm after 1h indicating bioreduction of silver to nanoparticles. The green synthesised silver nanoparticles (5 mgl-1) exhibited inhibition zones against Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in in vitro agar assays. Treatment with green synthesised silver nanoparticles during exponential phase of algal growth resulted in significant reduction in algal population, carbohydrate, protein and chlorophyll contents confirming the anti-algal potential. This is the first report on the growth inhibitory potential of green synthesised silver nanoparticles against green algae.
Gesture Controlled Robot with Robotic Arm
Authors: Garg Priyank , Patel Mansi , Verma Harshit
Published: May 2022

Abstract: In today's world, industry and daily routine tasks are increasingly attracted to and implemented through robotic automation. Well, this study proposes a method for replacing buttons and joysticks with a more novel technology, namely, commanding the entire Robotic Arm with the user's hand movement, motion, or gesture. The goal is to alter how people think about remote controllers for manually driven robotic arms. Pick and place robots are a type of technology used in the industrial industry to execute pick and place tasks. The system is constructed in such a way that it reduces human error and intervention, resulting in more exact work. The system is designed with a simple, flexible, and minimum control technique in mind. There are numerous domains in which human intervention is problematic, yet the process in question must be operated and regulated, which leads to the application of robots. According to the literature, pick and place robots are conceived and deployed in a variety of industries, including the bottle filling industry, surveillance to identify and eliminate bombs, and so on. The goal of the project is to create a gesture-controlled robot with a robotic arm that can perform any pick-and-place tasks. A radio frequency transmission is used to control the pick and place robot. For the gripper open and close, up and down, forward and backward, base clockwise and counterclockwise, the Robotic Hand has certain independent commands. Four Omni wheels support the robotic arm's displacement on the chassis. The implemented robotic arm has four degrees of freedom. Line follower, wall hugger, obstacle avoider, metal detector, and other capabilities can be added to this robot to increase its versatility. Index Terms: Pick & Place Robot, Robotic arm, Robotic Hand.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle from Beetle Leaf Extract- Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: . Tanuja , Lagashetty Arunkumar
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Plants or natural resources have been found to be a good alternative method for nanoparticles synthesis. In this study, silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (AgZno4NPs) synthesized from Piper betle leaves extract were investigated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. ZnO nanoparticles were prepared from the reduction of Zinc oxide and NaBH4 was used as reducing agent, later doped with silver nitrate. Silver doped zinc nanoparticles were mixed thoroughly and subjected for characterization studies. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized by Visual inspection, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. Antimicrobial activities of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. UV–Vis spectrum of reaction mixture showed strong absorption peak with centering at 400 nm. The FT-IR results imply that Ag-Zn NPs were successfully synthesized and capped with bio-compounds present in P. betle and particle size ranging from <100nm. The result revealed that AgZn-Extract NPs showed 12.78±0.64 mm zone of inhibition against S. typhi, whereas streptomycin (positive control) showed maximum 15.15±0.40 mm zone of inhibition for S.mutans. Again, maximum zone of inhibition found for S. mutans. The results obtained by this study can’t be directly extrapolated to human; so further studies should be undertaken to established the strong antimicrobial activity of Ag-Extract NPs for drug development program
The Subject Matter of Pamphlet Works Created in British Journalism
Authors: Husniddinova Gulshoda
Published: May 2022

Annotation: The UK is one of the most developed countries today. It is also distinguished by its politics, economy, education, culture and art and literature. In turn, the steady improvement in the field of journalism is significant in that the field is given broad rights and freedoms. The question is, has journalism been sustainable since time immemorial? What topics did the critical materials, i.e. feuilletons, pamphlets, critical shows and broadcasts, cover in their time and what events and incidents caused it? To what extent did the government respond to critical materials? We find answers to some of these questions in the process of studying the pamphlet genre. Keywords: UK, feuilleton, religion, Huguenot, North Earls, parliamentary acts, politics, crisis, transcription, criticism, satire, 17th century England
Correction of Diffuse Alopecia in Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Zakirovna Juraeva Munisa , Gazkhanovna Madasheva Anajan , Eshmatovich Alikulov Davron
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Modern ideas about the causes and trigger factors, classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and new approaches to the treatment of diffuse telogen effluvium are presented. The data of a clinical study of 60 patients with diffuse telogen effluvium that developed against the background of iron deficiency anemia are presented, a comparative characteristic of monotherapy with ferrous salts and complex therapy with ferrous salts with topical application of Quilib lotion is carried out. Keywords: diffuse telogen effluvium; Iron-deficiency anemia; deficiency of microelements, vitamins, nutrients.
Evolution of shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Petrosyan Armenak S. , Egiazaryan Karen A. , Panin Mikhail A. , Ratyev Andrey A. , Albawareed Omar A.
Published: May 2022

In the more than century-long history of shoulder arthroplasty, scientists have gone from primitive ivory designs to high-tech implants made of rare metal alloys. Along the way, surgeons and inventors have faced challenges, made mistakes, and succeeded. This literature review reflects trends in the development of shoulder arthroplasty, evolutionary changes in endoprosthesis designs and principles of surgical treatment of shoulder pathology, from the late 19th century to the present. This paper details the stages of formation of the major modern philosophies of shoulder arthroplasty, such as those of Ch. Neer (anatomical prosthetics), P.M. Grammont (reversible prosthetics), and J. Zippel (surface prosthetics). In the 70s and 80s of the 20th century the components of shoulder prostheses as well as their fitting techniques continued to be improved from a biomechanical point of view. It was found that if the shoulder head and scapular component have different radii of curvature during arthroplasty, a shoulder-b lade mismatch is formed. A non-congruent joint (the radius of curvature of the head is smaller than the radius of curvature of the glenoid component) increases eccentric loads on the scapula joint implant, increases the risk of implant fracture, and reduces stability in the joint. However, such a joint allows reproduction of the natural gliding of the head. Restricting the required glide increases stress at the fixation site and can lead to loosening of the glenoid component. A number of studies have shown that a mismatch of more than 10 mm increases the risk of loosening and fractures of the scapular component, while a mismatch of 5-7 mm can be considered optimal, as it provides long-term survival of the glenoid component and the best reproduction of normal movements in the shoulder joint.
Cofactorial herniotransformation peculiarities of midline abdomen
Authors: Railianu Radu I. , Botezatu Alexander A. , Zvyagintsev Vladislav V. , Grosul-Railianu Olesea B.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Recently, much attention has been paid to the study of the role of various risk factors in the pathogenesis of herniation along the midline of the abdomen. The question of their interrelation with another equally important predictor of herniogenesis - connective tissue insufficiency remains understudied. The aim of the present study is to investigate the severity of connective tissue dysplasia and peculiarities of its interaction with other risk factors in different variants of midline abdominal herniotransformation. Materials and Methods. The examined group included 150 (89.2%) patients with postoperative median hernias of various sizes and 18 (10.8%) patients with primary hernias of the white line of the abdomen. In 12 (8%) cases, relapses of postoperative hernial protrusions were noted. In 12 (10.5 %) cases, relapses of postoperative hernial protrusions were noted. The surveyed group included 109 (64.8 %) women and 59 (35.2 %) men. Risk factors for median herniogenesis were evaluated in the opposite sense relative to the severity of connective tissue pathology. Results and Discussion. We evaluated the risk factors of median herniogenesis in the opposite value and direction with regard to the severity of connective tissue pathology in the observation groups. It was found out that the leading role in herniotransformation of the medial abdominal line belongs to the suppuration of postoperative medial wounds, relaparotomy and heavy physical load with the role efficiency of 66.6 %, 56.2 % and 54.5 % respectively. The lowest level of connective tissue dysplasia was observed in the groups where the risk factors of median herniogenesis were the age of patients, the presence of relaparotomy in the history and heavy physical activity. Only in the observation group, where pregnancy and childbirth in the anamnesis were the predictors, the patients with white line hernias had less severe connective tissue insufficiency by 27,9 % in comparison with the patients with postoperative median hernias. In patients with recurrent midline hernias in all risk factors, the severity of connective tissue dysplasia always reached the maximum score. Conclusion. At any predictor of hernia formation or their combined effect, the severity of connective tissue dysplasia always remained severe, which confirms one of the leading roles of connective tissue pathology in the formation of medial abdominal hernias.
Young people awareness about possibility of transmitting microorganisms by kissing
Authors: Streltsova Tatiana A. , Chislova Irina A.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Currently, many ideas about the manifestation of emotions between people are changing, but kissing remains one of the most important forms of social interaction. There is a lot of information about the multitude of pathogens transmitted with kisses, however, most people are not aware of it. This topic is not paid enough attention to, both in society as a whole and among the youth audience. The aim of the study . This research aims to identify the degree of awareness among young people about the possibility of transmission of various microorganisms during kissing, as well as to determine the relevance of this problem . Materials and Methods. Analysis of scientific literature on microorganisms transmitted by contact of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. The empirical method consisted of testing, which involved 140 people aged 16 to 25 years. The survey included six questions to assess the level of knowledge about infectious agents transmitted with kisses, as well as the relevance of this topic among young people. Results and Discussion. The survey reveals that 97 % of respondents know that the transmission of bacterial infection is possible with a kiss, while 57 % have heard about the danger of transmission of only some microorganisms or do not know about them at all. Every sixth participant of the survey (18 %) has personally encountered or knows from acquaintances that they have suffered from infectious diseases caused by kissing. 88 % of respondents believe that this topic is poorly covered in the media. It should be emphasized that 91.4 % of the respondents would like to learn more about this topic. An average of 65 % of respondents are interested in protectеtive factors of the oral cavity and potential pathogens of diseases of the upper respiratory tract’s mucous membranes, 56.4 % of young people would like to learn more the functioning of the oral immune system. Conclusion. The study has shown that the topic of infections’ transmission during kissing is relevant among young people. Since not enough attention is paid to this issue in the society, the amount of available information on this topic is rather little. The majority of respondents would like to learn more about the possible transmission of infectious diseases’ pathogens during kissing.
Indonesian L2 learners’ listening anxiety and socio-affective listening strategy: A survey study
Authors: Chriswiyati Eunike Putri , Subekti Adaninggar Septi
Published: May 2022

The present study was conducted to investigate the possible interaction between the second language (L2) learners' listening anxiety and their use of socio-affective listening strategies (SALS). The participants of this study were 74 university learners from non-English departments at a university in Java, Indonesia. The study used the survey method of distributing Google Form questionnaires. Through descriptive statistics, the study found that generally, learner participants had a medium level of listening anxiety. The participants also reported a high level of SALS. Through correlation formula, the study further found that learners’ use of SALS correlated negatively with their listening anxiety. It indicated that the more they used SALS, the lower their listening anxiety tended to be. The correlation was not significant. Based on the findings of the study, several pedagogical implications were suggested. This included promoting more learner-centred activities where learners could develop their socio-affective strategies and giving emphasis on overall comprehension rather than specific grammatical aspects in L2 listening activities. Possible directions for future studies were also suggested concerning the study's findings and possible limitations.