bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERPRETATION OF TERMS IN OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Authors: Matevosyan Hamlet , Sarafyan Karapet , Gharibyan Haykandukht
Published: February 2024

The definitions of several concepts of engineering and technical structures (interpretation, wording, etc.) are studied in the article, the necessity of the exact application of the terms dam and barrage in the operational management process is justified.
MULTIMODALITY IMAGING OF COVID-19 PNEUMONIA : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Nisa' Khoirun , Miska Ari
Published: February 2024

Background: Reversible transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab tests that yield a positive result can establish the diagnosis of COVID-19. Due to the high prevalence of false-negative findings, especially in the early stages of the disease, and the patchy availability of testing, a methodical approach to diagnosis that incorporates radiologic imaging is required.
Aims : This systematic review is to review the multimodality imaging of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SAGEPUB, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done.
Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 22.043 articles, whereas the results of our search on SAGEPUB brought up 19.007 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 173 articles for PubMed and 98 articles for SAGEPUB. In the end, we compiled a total of 6 papers, 5 of which came from PubMed and 1 of which came from SAGEPUB. We included five research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: In summary, owing to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is critical to understand the typical and atypical imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia as well as how they change over time on CXR and HRCT. When evaluating hospitalized and critically sick patients in a serial fashion, as well as in places with high levels of contagion, computed tomography (CXR) may be the initial imaging modality employed
Optimal Design of Asynchronous Motor based on Finite Element Simulation
Authors: Cao Yongkang
Published: February 2024

Aiming at motors’ deficiencies such as short life, low efficiency, and high cost in China, this paper optimizes the design of asynchronous motors, so as to improve its performance and efficiency, prolong its life, and reduce its cost. Simulating an asynchronous motor by Maxwell, a finite element simulation software, this paper analyzes the distribution diagrams of waveform and magnetic field including its voltage, current, torque, and back electromotive force to verify the design reliability. Moreover, the parametric simulation of the motor is implemented through the function of Maxwell parameter solver, and the electromagnetic performance under different initial design parameters is simulated. Then, a sensitivity analysis algorithm is adopted to analyze the sensitivity of the motors’ initial design parameters. Meanwhile, this paper establishes the platform of motor optimization design, through which the optimization design of motors with different specifications can be fulfilled.
Research on Adaptive Reverse Design Method of Integrated Optical Fiber Communication System
Authors: Chen Chaoyue
Published: February 2024

The vigorous development of network technology promotes the progress of communication transmission technology, and the progress of communication transmission technology also drives the development of network technology. Optical fiber communication technology is widely used in communication industry because of its strong anti-interference ability, fast transmission speed and large amount of information. With the explosive growth of network data traffic in recent years, the transmission capacity of optical fiber communication has been continuously improved, coherent optical communication technology has developed rapidly, the trend of intelligence, grouping and broadband has become more and more obvious, and new photoelectric devices have been continuously developed and used. Optical fiber communication technology is undergoing tremendous changes and will become more important. In this paper, the application of optical fiber communication transmission technology is discussed in detail, and an adaptive reverse design method of integrated optical fiber communication system is proposed in order to promote the rapid development of optical fiber communication transmission technology.
Text Processing Method based on Natural Language Processing
Authors: Yu Shiyi , Ji Jialin
Published: February 2024

Today, natural language processing is booming and is widely used in different fields, especially for text processing. In many Chinese natural language processing tasks such as information retrieval, named entity recognition, syntactic analysis, etc., word segmentation and part-of-speech tagging are often the first steps. This paper mainly selects sequence labeling model and BERT pre-training model, specifically studies how to use natural language processing technology for text processing, and analyzes and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the two models.
Research on China's Birth Rate based on BP Neural Network
Authors: You Jinyu , Chen Hongzhen , Chen Cheng , Yang Hanchun
Published: February 2024

In terms of the impact of population age structure on birth rate, some studies have shown that compared to the reference category of respondents aged 30-34, young respondents are less likely to not have children, while older recipients have a more common unwillingness to have children; Women of childbearing age consider their own physical condition and reproductive safety factors. The older their parents are, the lower their willingness to have children, and after having one child, they may not be willing to have a second child; Moreover, if there are more elderly people in the family and the social pension security system and system are not perfect, the willingness of the family to have more children will decrease.
Summary of High Throughput Methods for Study of Thin Film Alloys
Authors: Zhang He
Published: February 2024

In the fields of semiconductor and electronics, fine processing at the micro and nanoscale is crucial. Thin film materials are an important part of this fine processing and their small molecular structure, ranging from microns to nanometers, is directly linked to achieving high throughput. Breakthroughs in thin film materials have accelerated research on high throughput systems and ultimately enabled mass production.
Aspecte privind predarea limbii române ca limbă străină studenților care provin din zone de conflict
Authors:   Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Alexandru Rosetti” al Academiei Române, Geană Ionuț ,   Universitatea din București
Published: February 2024

This article deals with the analysis and interpretation of some aspects on teaching Romanian to students coming from conflict zones. The applications will be based on the author’s experience at the so-called Preparatory Year organized by the Faculty of Letters at the University of Bucharest. The main objective of this article is, on the one hand, to provide instructors of Romanian as a foreign language with a new approach, and, on the other hand, with reinterpreted methods already existing in the didactics and pedagogy of foreign language teaching, so that the teaching process be as efficient as possible, and the linguistic and cultural integration of these students coming from conflict zones be as natural as possible. At the same time, we admit and reaffirm that the learning-teaching process involves permanent adjusting and readjusting to certain realities that go beyond the classroom, and latest pedagogies from a certain point in time can become inapplicable and noncompliant with the reality at a really fast pace.
Algunas consideraciones sobre las competencias comunicativas
Authors: Falcón Albuja Grimanesa del Rosario , Pilaguano Chigue Marco Antonio
Published: February 2024

El objetivo del presente artículo es reflexionar sobre las competencias comunicativas. Para lograrlo se realiza una investigación bibliográfica apoyada en los métodos inductivo deductivo, analítico sintético y revisión documental, los que permitieron arribar a las siguientes conclusiones: la exposición al lenguaje es un factor clave en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa. Los niños que están expuestos a una variedad de lenguaje, tanto en casa como en la escuela, tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar una buena competencia comunicativa; la interacción social también es importante para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa. Los estudiantes aprenden a comunicarse a través de la interacción. El apoyo educativo puede ayudar a desarrollar su competencia comunicativa. Los maestros pueden proporcionar a los estudiantes oportunidades para leer, escribir, hablar y escuchar.
EL SÍNDROME DE Burnout EN EL PERSONAL DE ENFERMERÍA
Authors: Soledad Chávez Celeste María
Published: February 2024

El propósito de este artículo fue generar una postura teórica para desarrollar saberes sobre el síndrome de Burnout, sus efectos en la salud del trabador asistencial y sus consecuencias en el desempeño laborar de la enfermera(o). El estado del arte estuvo constituido por las temáticas: Modelo Trifactorial del Síndrome del Quemado o Burnout, Síntomas del Síndrome de la enfermera(o) “quemado” y el Estrés: Causas y Consecuencias. El presente artículo, desde una postura epistemológica, en lo metodológico asumió el enfoque cualitativo- documental, de tipo descriptivo, por cuanto se describió la información obtenida de las fuentes primarias y secundarias, buscando el conocimiento en relación al fenómeno de estudio. Su postura ontológica (la realidad), condujo a estudiar el síndrome de Burnout en el personal de enfermería y su relación con el desempeño asistencial. Es una investigación secundaria de revisión de evidencias, que como técnica de investigación cualitativa recopila y selecciona información de documentos (libros, revistas científicas, reportes científicos), usando como vía de interpretación del texto un filtro espistemológico. Para la descripción e interpretación de la información de las fuentes primarias y secundarias, se uso un proceso de metasíntesis a fin de lograr una nueva interpretación que explique el fenómeno con un nivel mayor de evidencia científica y para interpretar lo aportado de las fuentes secundarias, se trabajó con la Hermenéutica que describe el significado conjunto de la expresión plasmada en los textos. Entre las consideraciones finales se destaca que el síndrome de Burnout presenta un conjunto de conductas asociadas al estrés laboral, relacionadas con las características personales, psicológicas, los factores psicosomáticos y socio-laborales, siendo el personal de Enfermería el que con más frecuencia lo padece, debido a la sobrecarga emocional al estar en contacto con el paciente y los familiares en entornos caóticos de alto riesgo en salud.
Relación de la velocidad de umbral de lactato (LT) a 4 mMol/L (V4) con la prescripción de intensidad en los entrenamientos a intervalos (IT), en condiciones estables.
Authors: Pinazzo Jorge , Nuñez Nancy
Published: February 2024

A partir de la evidencia científica se han obtenido importantes conclusiones que ayudan a determinar procesos metodológicos de entrenamiento, para la construcción de aquellas cualidades que son decisivas para el rendimiento.

Un excelente rendimiento durante la actividad deportiva se correlaciona con un alto umbral de lactato, y el entrenamiento de resistencia puede mejorar el umbral del lactato (Lundby y Robach, 2015).

Por otra parte, la evaluación del lactato en sangre, por sí sola es una forma efectiva de evaluar indirectamente la función mitocondrial y el sustrato energético que predomina según la carga de ejercicio, pero también, según el nivel atlético de deportista (San-Millán y Brooks, 2017).

Se ha cuestionado al umbral de lactato y su transferencia a los programas de entrenamiento. La idea del entrenamiento a la intensidad en el umbral, no parece contar con la evidencia que lo sustente.

Se plantea también discrepancias, en el uso del umbral del lactato para prescribir velocidades de entrenamiento durante un estrés metabólico en estado de intensidad constante (Mazza et al, 2019).

En este trabajo se buscó determinar si la velocidad de umbral de lactato (LT) a 4 mMol/L (V4), obtenida mediante una prueba incremental puede mantener la predicción de lactato en sangre (BL), en un entrenamiento intervalado (IT) en estado estable en un ciclista.

Los resultados están a favor de que el IT en V4 podría no ser suficiente para mantener el estrés metabólico durante la prueba. También se sugiere que la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) no sería un buen marcador de la intensidad del ejercicio en IT.
Revista Científica Multidimensional Magna Sapientia
Authors: Aguilar Rafael
Published: February 2024

La Revista Científica Multidimensional Magna Sapientia, editado por la Red de Investigación, Tecnología y Estudios de Postgrados (RITEP) de publicación cuatrimestral, tiene como objetivo principal la difusión periódica de artículos científicos, producto de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo por los estudiantes de los estudios de Postgrado de las Maestrías, Doctorados y Postdoctorados en el área de la Enfermería. Esta pluralidad temática se debe al deseo de cubrir los diferentes intereses y beneficios académicos del público al cual va dirigida, estudiantes, investigadores y estudiosos de esta área del conocimiento, como aquellos que desean ampliar sus conocimientos, entendiendo que la enfermería juega un papel fundamental en la promoción de la salud de los seres humanos. Estos profesionales son quienes se encuentran en la primera línea de atención y cuidado de los pacientes, brindando un enfoque integral, humano y holístico en el cuidado de la salud.
LA EVALUACIÓN DEL APRENDIZAJE EN SALUD ANTE LOS RETOS DE LA EDUCACIÓN EN EL SIGLO XXI
Authors: Reyes Sánchez Lisandra , Román Rivera María Ángeles
Published: February 2024

La evaluación educativa conduce a la dirección efectiva del proceso de enseñanza y de aprendizaje así como a la determinación de su grado de eficiencia, el presente artículo tiene como propósito profundizar saberes acerca de la importancia de la evaluación de los aprendizajes para los docentes y estudiantes de carreras del área de la salud y los retos que se presentan en el siglo XXI, focalizando el análisis en las características de la evaluación, sus funciones y los tipos de evaluación como elementos interactuantes. Se aborda la argumentación teórica profundizando en las temáticas: La evaluación del aprendizaje su importancia y funciones, Tipos de evaluación del aprendizaje en educación superior y la Evaluación Auténtica y Alternativa: Otra forma de evaluar en la Postmodernidad. Desde una postura epistemológica, el artículo asumió el enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo, es una investigación secundaria-documental de revisión de evidencias que se encarga de recopilar y seleccionar información de fuentes primarias y secundarias (libros, investigaciones, reportes científicos, revistas científicas, informes, ponencias), los cuales representaron las unidades de análisis, usando un filtro epistemológico como vía de interpretación del texto. Para el análisis cualitativo de la información se utilizó como técnica el Análisis de Contenido, que permitió describir y cualificar los materiales impresos en los documentos. Para su interpretación se emplearon técnicas de hermenéutica por asociación significativa de conceptos en entornos inmediatos, para describir los significados de las expresiones plasmadas en los textos. Como conclusión se destaca que el proceso evaluativo del estudiante universitario debe estar sustentado en el diálogo, la crítica constructiva, la argumentación con el currículo, el debate con los docentes y con los estudiantes, donde toda experiencia evaluativa se convierta en una experiencia de aprendizaje autónomo y participativo.
Unravelling the Fat Composition of Soybeans: Insights from Scientific Inquiry
Authors: Sh. Gulomidinov Azamatjon
Published: February 2024

This article explores the analysis of the oil content in soybeans, providing a detailed examination of recent scientific research conducted by experts. The study offers valuable insights into the variations and determinants of fat content in different soybean cultivars through a systematic review of published literature and empirical data. The study examines different methods and strategies used by researchers to measure the oil content of soybeans, which helps enhance our knowledge of the nutritional composition and agricultural importance of soybeans. This article aims to clarify the complex dynamics that control the oil content of soybeans and its implications for different industries and research areas by combining important findings and methodologies.
Nanomaterial Mixed with Dyes to Make Solar Cell Concentrator
Authors: Hadi Najlaa Mohammad
Published: February 2024

In the present work, different concentrations of natural dyes (pomegranate, saffron, black lemon) were prepared by solving (0.001,0.002,0.003) g from these dyes in 100ml of pure water. The preparation of different concentrations mixed with the nanomaterial (titanium oxide) at a rate of 0.9 grams per 100 ml of pure water, in addition to mixing it with polymer epoxy resin at a ratio of 2:1 to obtain a solid mold after leaving it for two days to dry, and four solar cells were placed on the four different of the blocks which manufacture as solar cell concentrator. The best value for the efficiency of the solar cell was found for the pomegranate dye with a concentration of 0.002 grams, which is (ƞ=1.232), while the efficiency of the solar cell without dye is (ƞ=0.500).
University Social Responsibility as Part of Sustainable Development in Latin America: A Study of Scientific Production in the Last 20 Years
Authors: M. Hernández Ronald
Published: February 2024

University social responsibility refers to the policies of continuous improvement of institutions aimed at greater community development from a holistic and sustainable perspective. The objective was to describe the current state of scientific production on university social responsibility in the Latin American context during the period 2000-2022. The study was a bibliometric, descriptive and retrospective study of scientific production in Scopus. A total of 117 documents were found where there was a predominance of the original article type of document, representing 83.76% of the total number of documents. It was found that the countries of Colombia and Peru had the highest scientific production with 23.93% and 17.95% respectively. Likewise, it was identified that from the year 2019 there was a growing trend in publications. There was international collaboration between authors who published in the Latin American context. The findings allow identifying that scientific production on university social responsibility is linked to ethical commitments and university student training, sustainable development and university social responsibility from an educational management approach.
The Digital Transformation of Accounting & Finance in Higher Education (Pre & Post-Graduation)
Authors: Ho Varabott
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT The Digital transformation in the education sector has implied the involvement of sustainable management, to adapt to the changes imposed by new technologies. This research aims to analyze the changes of focus in the higher education (HEI) organizations. The globalization of information and economies has clearly accelerated transformation (digital resources, greater efficiency, digital instruments, and tools). Digital transformation leads us to rethink about the new paradigms: the competitiveness, resilience, sustainability, the response, the social and visible impact on the learning platform and staying sustainable over time. The Universities occupy an important place among the institutions facing digital transformation, as they should lead the cultural shift that it implies. The transition to new processes and structure is needed and a revised administrative and academic organizational format needs to be redesigned. The Higher Education Institutions must embrace the new challenges and be able to build new ecosystem. In accordance with the above, HEI should propose the following as a general objective: ‘to foster a community attuned to innovation in the University, through a digital transformation, where the advancement of technology and emerging trends maximize collaboration, active learning, research and creation, in a way that encourages interdisciplinary critical thinking in order to help to the sustainable development of society’.
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE AND ACCESS TO FINANCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR BUSINESS GROWTH IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
Authors: AKANG, AKANINYENE UDO (MNIM)
Published: February 2024

This paper examines how regulatory compliance requirements and access to suitable financing sources influence business growth potentials, particularly for small and medium enterprises in developing economies. The critical linkages between these factors are established through a review of academic literature and real-world case studies. Strict or disproportionate regulations are shown to impose significant compliance costs that hinder investments and expansionary activity. Lack of access to credit also constrains working capital and innovation expenditures needed to drive competitive advantages. A range of regulatory and financial system reforms are recommended to remove unnecessary bottlenecks while maintaining prudent oversight. Proposed strategies aim to streamline and digitize compliance, build capabilities, tailor support for micro-enterprises, and broaden credit availability. If implemented effectively, these recommendations can optimize developing countries' regulatory environments to maximize the productive contributions of small businesses.
Discussion entre père et fils : portrait intime du compositeur et artiste multimédia Miodrag Lazarov Pashu
Authors: Lazarov Viktor , Lazarov Pashu Miodrag
Published: February 2024

Entretien avec le compositeur et artiste multimédia Miodrag Lazarov Pashu, réalisé par son fils, le musicologue et pianiste Viktor Lazarov. La discussion est entamée autour du contexte de l’immigration au Canada, à Montréal, de Lazarov Pashu dans les années 1990, et se poursuit avec le début de sa carrière et ses études doctorales. Ce dernier se confie sur le choc culturel qu’il a subi et sur sa difficile adaptation au nouveau milieu artistique. Il décrit ensuite sa performance dans une galerie à New York en 1993, et explique le changement de direction artistique qui lui est advenu dans les années 1990. Il parle de la composition de son premier quatuor, oeuvre charnière, située dans ce contexte, puis compare les approches artistiques et les institutions culturelles de Belgrade et de Montréal. Le compositeur évoque l’influence de la musique de Rachmaninov sur ses oeuvres pour piano et son procédé de composition, notamment en ce qui a trait à la Valse (2008). Finalement, la création et l’interprétation de celle-ci par Viktor Lazarov sont discutées, amenant les interlocuteurs à tracer un lien entre l’interprétation musicale et l’art que le compositeur rattache au phénoménalisme.
Habiter la frontière entre le militantisme musical latino-américain et l’art subventionné canadien
Authors: Áñez Daniel
Published: February 2024

Dans ce texte, le pianiste Daniel Áñez présente un parcours de ses activités en tant que programmateur et gestionnaire de projets. Il met de l’avant sa mission artistique concernant la diffusion des musiques contemporaines de l’Amérique latine. Il y expose également sa vision contrastée au sujet de sa perception des paradigmes et motivations entre les musiciens de Bogotá et ceux de Montréal. De manière plus personnelle, cet article aborde son vécu et ses « changements de statut » par rapport à son passage d’étudiant à étudiant international, puis au statut de musicien travailleur indépendant.
Growth and spectral properties of Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal
Authors: Sun Gui-Hua , Zhang Qing-Li , Luo Jian-Qiao , Wang Xiao-Fei , Gu Chang-Jiang ,   Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,   Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
Published: February 2024

In order to explore and develop new crystal materials in the 2.7–3.0 μm band, Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal are successfully grown by the Czochralski method for the first time. X-ray diffraction measurement is performed to obtain powder diffraction data. Raman spectra aree measured and the vibration peaks are identified. The transmission spectrum, emission spectrum and fluorescence lifetime of Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal are also characterized. The center of the strongest absorption band is at 966 nm with a half-peak width of 90 nm, which comes from the transition of Yb3+:2F7/2 → 2F5/2. The absorption cross section of Yb3+ is calculated and the values at 966, 973, 985 nm are 0.62×10–20, 0.60×10–20 and 0.58×10–20 cm2 respectively. The maximum emission peak is at 2850 nm and the half-peak width is 70 nm, the lifetimes of Ho3+:5I6 and 5I7 are measured to be 1094 and 56 μs respectively, and the emission cross section at 2850 and 2935 nm are calculated to be 3.6×10–20 cm2 and 1.21×10–20 cm2, respectively. Comparing with Yb, Ho: GdScO3 crystal, the absorption peak of Yb3+ and the emission peak are both broadened, which are related to the increase of crystal disorder. The lifetime of the lower energy level decreases significantly. Furthermore, the energy transfer mechanism between \begin{document}$\rm Ho^{3+} $\end{document} and Pr3+ is analyzed, and the energy transfer efficiency between Ho3+:5I7 and Pr3+:3F2+3H6 is calculated to be 99%, which is higher than those in other materials. All the results show that Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal is an excellent 2.7–3 μm laser material, and is easier to achieve laser output than Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal.
ER-to-lysosome Ca2+ refilling followed by K+ efflux-coupled store-operated Ca2+ entry in inflammasome activation and metabolic inflammation
Authors: Kang Hyereen , Choi Seong Woo , Kim Joo Young , Oh Soo-Jin , Kim Sung Joon , Lee Myung-Shik
Published: February 2024

We studied lysosomal Ca 2+ in inflammasome. LPS+palmitic acid (PA) decreased lysosomal Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] Lys ) and increased [Ca 2+ ] i through mitochondrial ROS, which was suppressed in Trpm2 -KO macrophages. Inflammasome activation and metabolic inflammation in adipose tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were ameliorated by Trpm2 KO. ER→lysosome Ca 2+ refilling occurred after lysosomal Ca 2+ release whose blockade attenuated LPS+PA-induced inflammasome. Subsequently, store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) was activated whose inhibition suppressed inflammasome. SOCE was coupled with K + efflux whose inhibition reduced ER Ca 2+ content ([Ca 2+ ] ER ) and impaired [Ca 2+ ] Lys recovery. LPS+PA activated KCa3.1 channel, a Ca 2+ -activated K + channel. Inhibitors of KCa3.1 channel or Kcnn4 KO reduced [Ca 2+ ] ER , attenuated increase of [Ca 2+ ] i or inflammasome activation by LPS+PA, and ameliorated HFD-induced inflammasome or metabolic inflammation. Lysosomal Ca 2+ release induced delayed JNK and ASC phosphorylation through CAMKII-ASK1. These results suggest a novel role of lysosomal Ca 2+ release sustained by ER→lysosome Ca 2+ refilling and K + efflux through KCa3.1 channel in inflammasome activation and metabolic inflammation.
Sensitive remote homology search by local alignment of small positional embeddings from protein language models
Authors: Johnson Sean R. , Peshwa Meghana , Sun Zhiyi
Published: February 2024

Accurately detecting distant evolutionary relationships between proteins remains an ongoing challenge in bioinformatics. Search methods based on primary sequence struggle to accurately detect homology between sequences with less than 20% amino acid identity. Profile- and structure-based strategies extend sensitive search capabilities into this twilight zone of sequence similarity but require slow pre-processing steps. Recently, whole-protein and positional embeddings from deep neural networks have shown promise for providing sensitive sequence comparison and annotation at long evolutionary distances. Embeddings are generally faster to compute than profiles and predicted structures but still suffer several drawbacks related to the ability of whole-protein embeddings to discriminate domain-level homology, and the database size and search speed of methods using positional embeddings. In this work, we show that low-dimensionality positional embeddings can be used directly in speed-optimized local search algorithms. As a proof of concept, we use the ESM2 3B model to convert primary sequences directly into the 3Di alphabet or amino acid profiles and use these embeddings as input to the highly optimized Foldseek, HMMER3, and HH-suite search algorithms. Our results suggest that positional embeddings as small as a single byte can provide sufficient information for dramatically improved sensitivity over amino acid sequence searches without sacrificing search speed.
Phasic locus coeruleus activity enhances trace fear conditioning by increasing dopamine release in the hippocampus
Authors: Wilmot Jacob H. , Diniz Cassiano R.A.F. , Crestani Ana P. , Puhger Kyle , Roshgadol Jacob , Tian Lin , Wiltgen Brian J.
Published: February 2024

Locus coeruleus (LC) projections to the hippocampus play a critical role in learning and memory. However, the precise timing of LC-hippocampus communication during learning and which LC-derived neurotransmitters are important for memory formation in the hippocampus are currently unknown. Although the LC is typically thought to modulate neural activity via the release of norepinephrine, several recent studies have suggested that it may also release dopamine into the hippocampus and other cortical regions. In some cases, it appears that dopamine release from LC into the hippocampus may be more important for memory than norepinephrine. Here, we extend these data by characterizing the phasic responses of the LC and its projections to the dorsal hippocampus during trace fear conditioning. We find that the LC and its projections to the hippocampus respond to task-relevant stimuli and that amplifying these responses with optogenetic stimulation can enhance long-term memory formation. We also demonstrate that LC activity increases both norepinephrine and dopamine content in the dorsal hippocampus and that the timing of hippocampal dopamine release during trace fear conditioning is similar to the timing of LC activity. Finally, we show that hippocampal dopamine is important for trace fear memory formation, while norepinephrine is not.
Metabarcoding is (usually) more cost effective than seining or qPCR for detecting tidewater gobies and other estuarine fishes
Authors: Lafferty Kevin
Published: February 2024

Many studies have shown that environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling can be more sensitive than traditional sampling. For instance, past studies found a specific qPCR probe of a water sample is better than a seine for detecting the endangered northern tidewater goby, Eucyclogobius newberryi. Furthermore, a metabarcoding sample often detects more fish species than a seine detects. Less consideration has been given to sampling costs. To help managers choose the best sampling method for their budget, I estimated detectability and costs per sample to compare the cost effectiveness of seining, qPCR and metabarcoding for detecting endangered tidewater gobies as well as the associated estuarine fish community in California. Five samples were enough for eDNA methods to confidently detect tidewater gobies, whereas seining took twice as many samples. Fixed program costs can be high for qPCR and seining, whereas metabarcoding had high per-sample costs, which led to changes in relative cost-effectiveness with the number of locations sampled. Under some circumstances (multiple locations visited or an already validated assay), qPCR was a bit more cost effective than metabarcoding for detecting tidewater gobies. Under all assumptions, seining was the least cost-effective method for detecting tidewater gobies or other fishes. Metabarcoding was the most cost-effective sampling method for multiple species detection. Despite its advantages, metabarcoding has gaps in sequence databases, can yield vague results for some species, and can lead novices to serious errors. Seining remains the only way to rapidly assess densities, size distributions, and fine-scale spatial distributions.
The first gladius-bearing coleoid cephalopods from the lower Toarcian “Schistes Cartons” Formation of the Causses Basin (southeastern France)
Authors: Jattiot Romain , Coquel-Poussy Nathalie , Kruta Isabelle , Rouget Isabelle , Rowe Alison J. , Moreau Jean-David
Published: February 2024

The fossil record of gladius-bearing coleoids is scarce and based only on a few localities with geological horizons particularly favourable to their preservation (the so-called Konservat-Lagerstätten), which naturally leads to strongly limited data on geographical distributions. This emphasizes the importance of every new locality providing gladius-bearing coleoids. Here, we assess for the first time the gladius-bearing coleoid taxonomic diversity within the lower Toarcian “Schistes Cartons” of the Causses Basin (southeastern France). The material includes two fragmentary gladii, identified as Paraplesioteuthis sagittata and ?Loligosepia sp. indet. Just with these two specimens, two (Prototeuthina and Loligosepiina) of the three (Prototeuthina, Loligosepiina and Teudopseina) suborders of Mesozoic gladius-bearing coleoids are represented. Thus, our results hint at a rich early Toarcian gladius-bearing coleoid diversity in the Causses Basin and point out the need for further field investigations in the lower Toarcian “Schistes Cartons” in this area. This new record of Paraplesioteuthis sagittata is only the second one in Europe and the third in the world (western Canada, Germany and now France). Based on these occurrences, we tentatively suggest that P. sagittata originated in the Mediterranean domain and moved to the Arctic realm through the Viking Corridor to eventually move even farther to North America.
Impact of coexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus on the urinary microbiota of kidney stone patients
Authors: Li Xiang , Tang Yifan , Xu Zhenyi , Lin Hao , Wei Shichao , Sheng Jiayi , Hu Lei , Wang Shiyu , Zhao Yu , Li Zhi , Fu Chaowei , Gu Yifeng , Wei Qun , Liu Fengping , Feng Ninghan , Chen Weiguo
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) commonly complicates kidney stone disease (KSD). Our objective is to investigate the variations in the urinary microbiota between individuals with KSD alone and those with KSD plus T2DM. This exploration could have implications for disease diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Methods

During lithotripsy, a ureterscope was employed, and 1 mL of urine was collected from the renal pelvis after bladder disinfection. Sequencing targeting the V3–V4 hypervariable region was performed using the 16S rRNA and Illumina Novaseq platform.

Results

The Shannon index showed a significant decrease in the KSD plus T2DM group compared to the KSD-only group (false discovery rate = 0.041). Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) demonstrated a distinct bacterial community in the KSD plus T2DM group compared to the KSD-only group (false discovery rate = 0.027). The abundance of Sphingomonas, Corynebacterium, and Lactobacillus was significantly higher in the KSD plus T2DM group than in the KSD-only group (false discovery rate < 0.05). Furthermore, Enhydrobacter, Chryseobacterium, and Allobaculum were positively correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c values (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The urinary microbiota in the renal pelvis exhibits differences between patients with KSD plus T2DM and those with KSD alone. Further studies employing animal models are necessary to validate these distinctions, potentially paving the way for therapeutic developments based on the urinary microbiota.
Identification and immunoinfiltration analysis of key genes in ulcerative colitis using WGCNA
Authors: Ni Siyi , Liu Yingchao , Zhong Jihong , Shen Yan
Published: February 2024

Objective

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease characterized by an unclear pathogenesis. This study aims to screen out key genes related to UC pathogenesis.

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis was conducted for screening key genes linked to UC pathogenesis, and the expression of the screened key genes was verified by establishing a UC mouse model.

Results

Through bioinformatics analysis, five key genes were obtained. Subsequent infiltration analysis revealed seven significantly different immune cell types between the UC and general samples. Additionally, animal experiment results illustrated markedly decreased body weight, visible colonic shortening and damage, along with a significant increase in the DAI score of the DSS-induced mice in the UC group in comparison with the NC group. In addition, H&E staining results demonstrated histological changes including marked inflammatory cell infiltration, loss of crypts, and epithelial destruction in the colon mucosa epithelium. qRT-PCR analysis indicated a down-regulation of ABCG2 and an up-regulation of IL1RN, REG4, SERPINB5 and TRIM29 in the UC mouse model. Notably, this observed trend showed a significant dependence on the concentration of DSS, with the mouse model of UC induced by 7% DSS demonstrating a more severe disease state compared to that induced by 5% DSS.

Conclusion

ABCG2, IL1RN, REG4, SERPINB5 and TRIM29 were screened out as key genes related to UC by bioinformatics analysis. The expression of ABCG2 was down-regulated, and that of IL1RN, REG4, SERPINB5 and TRIM29 were up-regulated in UC mice as revealed by animal experiments.
Emergent trees inColophospermum mopanewoodland: influence of elephant density on persistenceversusattrition
Authors: O’Connor Timothy , Ferguson Angela , Clegg Bruce W. , Pallett Nita , Midgley Jeremy J. , Shimbani Julius
Published: February 2024

Colophospermum mopane(mopane) forms mono-dominant woodlands covering extensive areas of southern Africa. Mopane provides a staple foodstuff for elephants, who hedge woodland by reducing trees to small trees or shrubs, leaving emergent trees which are too large to be pollarded. Emergent trees are important for supporting faunal biodiversity, but they can be killed by ringbarking. This study first examined the influence of elephant density on woodland transformation and the height distribution of canopy volume, and, second, whether canopy volume is maintained, and tall emergent trees too large to be broken can persist, under chronic elephant utilisation. Three regimes of 0.23, 0.59 and 2.75 elephants km−2differed in vegetation structure and the height structure of trees. Areas under the highest elephant density supported the lowest total canopy volume owing to less canopy for plants >3 m in height, shorter trees, loss of most trees 6–10 m in height, but trees >10 m in height (>45 cm stem diameter) persisted. Under eight years of chronic utilisation by elephants, transformed mopane woodland maintained its plant density and canopy volume. Plant density was greatest for the 0–1 m height class, whereas the 3.1–6 m height class provided the bulk of canopy volume, and the 1.1–3 m height layer contained the most canopy volume. Emergent trees (>10 m in height) suffered a loss of 1.4% per annum as a result of debarking. Canopy dieback of emergent trees increased conspicuously when more than 50% of a stem was debarked, and such trees could be toppled by windthrow before being ringbarked. Thus relict emergent trees will slowly be eliminated but will not be replaced whilst smaller trees are being maintained in a pollarded state. Woodland transformation has not markedly reduced canopy volume available to elephants, but the slow attrition of emergent trees may affect supported biota, especially cavity-dependent vertebrate species, making use of these trees.
Avaliação de métodos de séries temporais para a previsão de demanda no mercado de pneus
Authors: Kessous Ilana Barroso , Dos Santos Beatriz de Oliveira , Silva Magno de Oliveira , Da Silva Allan Jonathan
Published: February 2024

O estudo da previsão de demanda na indústria de pneus é essencial para uma gestão eficiente, destacando-se a necessidade de otimizar recursos, reduzir custos e melhorar a administração de estoques. Tal necessidade ressalta a importância de desenvolver previsões acuradas e alinhadas com as dinâmicas do mercado de pneus. Este trabalho visa desenvolver e analisar modelos de previsão que se ajustem melhor às necessidades de uma empresa específica, cujo modelo atual tem resultado em inconsistências no giro de estoque. Selecionaram-se quatro séries temporais que representam as vendas de quatro tipos diferentes de pneus, com dados coletados mensalmente de 2017 a 2023. A seleção foi baseada em diversos fatores, como preço, qualidade, disponibilidade, concorrência e preferências dos consumidores. Por meio da linguagem de programação R, desenvolveu-se modelos de previsão aplicando as metodologias de Médias Móveis Simples, Holt-Winters e Box-Jenkins. A seleção dos modelos mais adequados deu-se pela análise de métricas de erro de previsão, como Erro Absoluto Médio (MAE) e o Erro Quadrático Médio (RMSE), além de considerar o contexto específico da empresa e sua produção de pneus. Constatou-se que os modelos baseados na técnica Holt-Winters forneceram as previsões mais alinhadas as tendências e mais confiáveis para atender às necessidades específicas da empresa.
Координаты рая, или где надо искать Атлантиду, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Евдокимов? Владимир Иванович
Published: February 2024

Человечеству свойственна идея Рая, ведь это место, где человек будет счастлив. А счастье - понятие индивидуальное. В жизни его мало, может и не быть вовсе. И его ещё узнать надо, счастье. А в далёкой, загадочной, чудесной стране, оно везде, надо только туда попасть... Таких стран много: небесный сад Ирий, гора Алатырь, Белая Арапия, остров Буян... Путешественники стремятся найти Эльдорадо, город Пайтити, страну Офир, остров Семи Городов. Историки и археологи открывают цивилизации: Ифэ, Лемурию, Эгеиду, Гиперборею. Историческая геология наполнена сведениями об удивительных странах: Лавразия, Гондвана, Тетис, Ангария. Известны райские устремления многих писателей: “Утопия” Т. Мора, остров Бенсалем в “Новой Атлантиде” Ф. Бэкона, “Таинственный остров” Ж. Верна, “Новая Россия” Н.Г Чернышевского, “Остров Питкерн” Р. Мерля, “Территория” О.М. Куваева, “Государство Солнца” Ю.И. Мухина... К таким странам, много веков не дающая покоя исследователям самых разных специальностей, относится и загадочная Атлантида.
Овал Толстого, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Чудова Юлия Владимировна , Очков Валерий Федорович
Published: February 2024

В статье авторы рассуждают о том, что такое овал и что такое эллипс не только с точки зрения математика, но и филолога. Показано, как просто и изящно строить эти и другие замкнутые кривые в среде математической программы SMath. Затронуты вопросы переходных кривых для железнодорожного транспорта.
Foliar Application of Tropical Trees Leaf Extract for Improve Growth and Yield of Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L). Hepper]
Authors: Sharath Lirin , Iyarin Thanka Mahil E.  , Malakannavar Siddu , Vishnuvardhan Reddy K.
Published: February 2024

Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.), the most important pulse crop is grown throughout India. The productivity of blackgram in India is relatively low compared to the world's average productivity. Nowadays for improving productivity foliar spraying of nutrients plays a major role. The available synthetic formulations for foliar spraying are polluting and highly expensive. Hence, the leaf extracts of tropical trees can be utilized as an alternative source since they have enormous bioactive compounds able to stimulate plant growth and improve productivity without any harmful effects. Therefore, the present study was conducted on a sandy loam farm of The Indian Agriculture College, Radhapuram from March 2023 to May 2023 to evaluate the effect of leaf extracts like Moringa oleifera (Moringa), Annona squamosa (Custard apple) and Nerium oleander (Nerium) at different concentration viz., 5% and 10% on cultivation of blackgram crop, variety VBN 8. The results revealed that foliar spraying of Moringa oleifera leaf extract @ 10% + RDF significantly improves the growth components like plant height (27.87 cm and 34.6 cm at 35 DAS and 50 DAS respectively), LAI (2.87 and 4.06 at 35 DAS and 50 DAS respectively), dry matter accumulation (141 g/m2 and 266 g/m2 at 35 DAS and 50 DAS respectively), Crop growth rate (5.77 and 8.33 g/m2/day at 20 to 35 DAS, 35 to 50 DAS respectively), Relative Growth Rate (0.064, 0.042 g/g/day at 20 to 35 DAS, 35 to 50 DAS respectively) and yield attribute like average number of pods per plant (36.9) and seed yield (648 kg/ha) over other treatments and it was on par with RDF + Foliar application of Custard apple leaf extract @ 10%.
A Brief Review on Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Chen Fengxin
Published: February 2024

This paper briefly introduces the recycling and regeneration preparation of waste concrete, as well as the crushing and screening process of waste concrete blocks. The properties of crushed aggregate and the physical and mechanical properties of recycled concrete were analyzed, and the research status of compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of waste concrete at home and abroad was summarized and analyzed. Factors such as water-glue ratio, water absorption, apparent density of recycled coarse aggregate, state of recycled coarse aggregate and strength of virgin concrete will affect the strength of recycled aggregate concrete. This paper also summarizes the relationship between the splitting tensile strength of recycled aggregate concrete and the compressive strength of the cube.
The Climate Considerations in Revitalizing Agricultural Sector in the Province of East Kalimantan
Authors: Milasari Lisa Astria , Sujalu Akas Pinaringan , Jariah Hairun
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the concept of food estate which placed on the basis of integration sectors and sub-sector accordingly to an agribusiness system in order to utilize the resources optimally and sustainably. Furthermore, professionally managed, supported by qualified human resources, appropriate technology as well as environmentally qualified referred to the existence climate data (especially on the rainfall and its temperature) using agro-based approaches. Knowledge and capacity of the farmers need to be improved so that available technology can be applied properly. In lack of synergy among authorized agencies, the establishment of Food Estate Management Authority is also recommended. A set of action plans as recommendations for the policy makers in the province of East Kalimantan has been formulated.