bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI E-SAMSAT JAWA TIMUR (JATIM) DENGAN APLIKASI E-DEMPO DALAM PENERAPAN E-GOVERNMENT
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Fathur , Kencana Novia , Kariem M.Qur’anul
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the comparison of the e-Samsat application of East Java Province and South Sumatra, especially regarding tax payments towards egovernment by comparing the development of the East Java e-samsat application with the E-dempo application in the application of E-government. Other e-samsat users, in addition to less efficient procedures, website system connection problems can also affect people's desire to be reluctant to use the program.  Qualitative research methods are used by looking at phenomena more broadly and deeply in accordance with what happens and develops in social situations, starting from the data collection methods used, namely observation, interviews, and also documentation. The results show that the East Java e-Samsat application is more complex than e-dempo which is still in the transaction stage while the East Java e-Samsat is already in the transformation stage. The East Java e-Samsat application and also e-dempo are considered more efficient in the use of the application because applicants who want to pay taxes no longer need to come to the samsat office in Indonesia because they can verify anywhere because it can be done 24 hours without a time limit which allows users of the East Java e-Samsat application to no longer need to come to the samsat office, while the e-dempo application is Samasat can provide full 24-hour online services which should allow users to verify data at the Samsat office and this cannot be done online which makes the e-samsat application more effective and efficient, in the use of the application and also after electronic payment.
ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA ANTAR WAKTU (PAW) KABUPATEN BANYUMAS TAHUN 2022 PRESPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014
Authors: Sari Yunita Ratna , Rokhanah Nur
Published: September 2024

This research explains the interim village head (PAW) election in Banyumas in 2022. The aim of holding the interim village head (PAW) election is to fill the vacancy in the position of village head due to death. The conditions for inter-term village head elections can be implemented because the village head dies, resigns or is dismissed and his term of office is still more than 1 year. The results of the research show that the interim village head election in Banyumas in 2022 is in accordance with Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, starting from determining the election committee, determining the permanent voter list to implementing the interim village head election which is carried out through village deliberations. Problems Interim village head elections in Banyumas district in 2022, among other things, the budget is still covered by the Village APBD and Banyumas Regent Regulation Number 70 of 2021 does not yet regulate in detail the interim village head elections. The recommendation in this research is that the Banyumas district government must realize the mandate of article 34 paragraph 6 of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning financing for interim village head elections which are charged to the Regency/City APBD. Apart from that, the Banyumas Regency Government and the Banyumas DPRD must review Regional Regulation Number 70 of 2021.
The Function Of State Duty In Providing Legal Assurance On Online Buying Selling Agreements
Authors: Suwarno Indra Gunawan , Haryanto Imam
Published: September 2024

study aims to examine the function of the stamp duty in the online sale and purchase agreement and the legal certainty given by the stamp duty to the online sale and purchase agreement. The research method used in this study is a normative approach. The results of the research obtained are the function of the stamp duty in the online sale and purchase agreement as stated in the latest Stamp Duty Law, namely Law Number 10 of 2020 concerning Stamp Duty. The conclusion obtained is that the function of the stamp duty in the online sale and purchase agreement has a function as the basis for providing tax on documents and legal certainty on the online sale and purchase agreement is a form of the contents of the agreement letter.
How do we grow a biodesigner? Inspire them with nature and encourage them to be dreamers and storytellers
Authors: Hutchins Dave , Yarnall-Schane Jared , Renaud Maëlys , McInerney Sarah
Published: September 2024

In cultivating the development of biodesigners, program developers of the Biomimicry Institute have drawn inspiration from the natural world, leveraging millennia of evolutionary strategies and ecological relationships. Essential to their process is the immersion of diverse and multidisciplinary individuals and teams in untamed environments, prioritizing relational dynamics over task-oriented approaches, and facilitating diverse experiences. Institute staff report this approach fosters a community where creativity thrives and innovation is realized.
Особливості культурної дипломатії Австралії
Authors: Владюк Ольга
Published: September 2024

Стаття присвячена аналізу особливостей культурної дипломатії Австралії, яка є важливим інструментом для просування національних інтересів і зміцнення своєї позиції на міжнародній арені. Окрему увагу приділено ролі культурних інституцій, таких як Міністерство закордонних справ і торгівлі та Creative Australia, у формуванні та реалізації культурних стратегій і програм, взаємодії Австралії з країнами Тихоокеанського регіону, Азії, Західної Європи, Близького Сходу та Африки, що є пріоритетним напрямом зовнішньої політики.
Стаття також аналізує використання австралійської культури як м’якої сили у глобальному контексті, підкреслюючи її вплив на покращення іміджу країни та розвиток міжкультурного діалогу.
Implementation of EU sanctions against Belarus
Authors: Vovchuk Liudmyla , Volkivskyi Andrii
Published: September 2024

Sanctions are one of the most important approaches to resolving international conflicts, influencing regime change in a country and promoting democracy, peace and stability in the region. They are used as an alternative to the use of military force.
The European Union, as one of the leading international organisations and actors in ensuring regional and international security, has been applying this practice for more than 70 years to overcome aggressive anti-lawful actions of countries that violate international law. This article focuses on the EU’s sanctions policy against Belarus in 2004-2024.
The European Union’s sanctions policy towards Belarus was implemented in two stages. At the first stage, the EU imposed sanctions on this country because of human rights violations, constant persecution of opposition members, and massive fraud during the presidential election, and the brutal suppression of peaceful protests. The second stage included EU sanctions against Belarus for its support and assistance to Russia in the war against Ukraine, especially in the issue of Russia’s circumvention of European sanctions.
Between March 2022 and February 2024, a number of both personal and economic restrictive measures were introduced. Despite this, the EU’s sanctions policy towards Belarus has not been very effective. In the case of Belarus, EU sanctions were more “like moral sermons, signals of moral superiority”, which primarily affect the European Union itself financially. Therefore, in April 2024, the EU agreed to strengthen sanctions against Belarus.
Today, we can only hope that the strengthening of the EU’s sanctions policy against Belarus will have a serious impact on both the economy and the overall development of the aggressor country, thereby forcing it to comply with international law.
Особливості роботи Міжнародної комісії по розслідуванню голоду в Україні 1932-33 рр.
Authors: Баченко Антон
Published: September 2024

Голодомор 1932-1933 років в Україні є однією з найтрагічніших сторінок в історії ХХ ст. Ця катастрофа, яка забрала життя мільйонів українців, досі викликає суперечки серед істориків, політиків і громадських діячів. Одним з важливих етапів у дослідженні цього явища стала робота Міжнародної комісії по розслідуванню Голодомору.
Стаття присвячена вивченню діяльності міжнародної комісії, яка розслідувала Голодомор 1932-1933 років в Україні. У ній аналізуються склад та організаційна структура комісії, методи збору доказів і свідчень, а також результати її роботи. Особлива увага приділяється впливу роботи комісії на міжнародне визнання Голодомору як геноциду. Стаття також досліджує роль комісії у формуванні історичної пам’яті та забезпеченні історичної справедливості для жертв цієї трагедії.
Від цифрової платформи до фізичного музею: ГО «Музей сучасного мистецтва» — Музей сучасного мистецтва
Authors: Качковська Яна
Published: September 2024

У статті розглянуто інноваційний підхід до створення музею сучасного мистецтва в Україні на базі цифрової платформи.
ГО «Музей сучасного мистецтва», заснована у 2020 році і ставить за мету створення нової музейної інституції, базуючись на оцифрованих колекціях. Цифрова платформа не лише фіксує існуючі твори, але й сприяє формуванню музею від самого початку.
Стаття підкреслює важливість цифрової платформи у дослідженні, збереженні та популяризації українського сучасного мистецтва, особливо в умовах пандемії та війни. Вона також розглядає проблеми авторських прав і взаємодії з іншими інституціями. У кінцевому підсумку, платформа має стати базою для управління колекціями та наукових досліджень, об’єднуючи твори з 1954 року до сьогодення. Проєкт «Архів мистецтва воєнного стану», який є частиною цієї платформи, зберігає візуальне мистецтво, створене після 24 лютого 2022 року.
Between Rebellion and Loyalty: Decisive Moments of Ukrainian History of the 17th and early 18th centuries in Modern Public Reception of Ukraine
Authors: Vovchuk Liudmyla , Werner Wiktor
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the research paper is based on the processing of video materials on Ukrainian history of the period of the 17th century of the beginning of the 18th century, posted on the leading Ukrainian historical YouTube channels, to determine the top historical heroes and events that arouse the greatest interest from the audience.
The scientific novelty of the study consists in the first attempt at content analysis of the Ukrainian segment of YouTube of a historical orientation, defined by popular Ukrainian heroes and events of the 17th century, which changed the historical and geopolitical development of Ukraine, by applying innovative computer methods.
Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that among the video material we processed on Ukrainian historical YouTube channels, the top period of the 17th century – the beginning of the 18th century among the users of these channels is the period of the Cossack state. A period of political and social turbulence, wars of the Ukrainian Cossacks for the independence of the Ukrainian state and its geopolitical place in the contemporary arena of international relations. When looking for allies to fight for the independence of Ukraine at that time, there was a tendency to change them. Top historical heroes are Bohdan Khmelnytskyi and Ivan Mazepa, who for Ukrainians are the creators of Ukrainian statehood and fighters for its independence and foreign political influence.
One of the most popular topics is the Pereiaslav Agreement with Muscovy concluded by B. Khmelnytskyi, which became a key event in the transition of Ukraine from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to Muscovy. And it is this event that arouses the greatest interest among users of Ukrainian historical YouTube channels. In our opinion, this is explained by the desire of Ukrainians to understand the long-term mythologizing of this agreement, which was created by the Soviet authorities, as well as the conditions that led to the long-term loss of independence by Ukrainians. In this case, the top metaphor ‘The return of history’ is absolutely logical, which stems from the desire of users of Ukrainian historical YouTube channels, the number of which increased significantly in July-December 2023, to know a new perspective on Ukrainian history, and not the creation of imperial-Soviet ideology. This trend is especially observed with the beginning of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, which significantly affected the perception of Ukrainians about their past. And this is actually the beginning of the formation of a new historical consciousness, which is the key to building a strong Ukrainian state.
Funding. The work was supported by the National Science Centre (Poland) under the research project ‘Historical narratives in Web 2.0 as a functional element of national identities in Central and Eastern Europe’, № UMO-2020/39/B/HS3/01237.
М.М. Аркас і збереження історичної пам’яті про Т.Г. Шевченка (остання чверть 19 – початок 20 ст.)
Authors: Svitlenko Serhiy
Published: September 2024

Мета статті полягає в історичній реконструкції різнобічної діяльності М.М. Аркаса у справі збереження історичної пам’яті про Т.Г. Шевченка в останній чверті 19 – на початку 20 ст.
Наукова новизна. Здійснено концептуальне осмислення теми, показано ґенезу інтересу М.М. Аркаса до постаті Т.Г. Шевченка за контроверсійних суспільно-політичних чинників. Доведено, що увічнення в історичній пам’яті образу Т.Г. Шевченка являло собою в діяльності М.М. Аркаса органічний триєдиний процес у межах українського національного культурництва, виявлено його смисли, структуру, зокрема три основні напрями. Вказано на зв’язок інтелектуальної меморіалізації історичної пам’яті про Т.Г. Шевченка з образом мислення, ціннісними поглядами, ідеалами, орієнтаціями, традиціями свідомого українства.
Висновки. Збереження історичної пам’яті про Т.Г. Шевченка стало важливим змістом життя та діяльності М.М. Аркаса за несприятливих історичних умов російського імперського режиму та світоглядного впливу українського народолюбства. Увічнення історичної пам’яті Кобзаря у діяльності М.М. Аркаса здійснювалося модусами українського культурництва – маркерами його української національної свідомості й ідентичності.
Основними смислами та напрямами вшанування особистості Кобзаря в інтелектуальній діяльності та громадських практиках М.М. Аркаса стали засоби музично-театрального мистецтва, популярного історичного наративу та громадської просвітянської діяльності. Як щирий український патріот М.М. Аркас відігравав ключову роль у започаткуванні феномену Шевченківських роковин у Миколаєві. Це відбивалося у діяльності українських гуртків і Миколаївської «Просвіти» періоду 1902-1909 рр. Імперський режим чинив всілякий спротив увічненню світлого образу Кобзаря. Традиція вшанування історичної пам’яті Т.Г. Шевченка у Миколаєві, закладена М.М. Аркасом, мала послідовників і стала ознакою необоротного ментального розриву з «єдиним російським світом» у колах свідомого українства, сприяла його консолідації, утвердженню національної свідомості та ідентичності.
Application of neural network adaptive filter method to simultaneous detection of polymetallic ions based on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Bo , Zhou Fengbo
Published: September 2024

A novel neural network adaptive filter algorithm is proposed to address the challenge of weak spectral signals and low accuracy in micro-spectrometer detection. This algorithm bases on error backpropagation (BP) and least mean square (LMS), introduces an innovative BP neural network model incorporating instantaneous error function and error factor to optimize the learning process. It establishes a network relationship through the input signal, output signal, error and step factor of the adaptive filter, and defines a training optimization learning method for this relationship. To validate the effectiveness of the algorithm, experiments were conducted on simulated noisy signals and actual spectral signals. Results show that the algorithm effectively denoises signals, reduces noise interference, and enhances signal quality, the SNR of the proposed algorithm is 3–4 dB higher than that of the traditional algorithm. The experimental spectral results showed that the proposed neural network adaptive filter algorithm combined with partial least squares regression is suitable for simultaneous detection of copper and cobalt based on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and has broad application prospects.
Intervention in gut microbiota increases intestinal γ-aminobutyric acid and alleviates anxiety behavior: a possible mechanism via the action on intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Ikegami Mion , Narabayashi Hikari , Nakata Kazuaki , Yamashita Miyu , Sugi Yutaka , Fuji Yushiro , Matsufuji Hiroshi , Harata Gaku , Yoda Kazutoyo , Miyazawa Kenji , Nakanishi Yusuke , Takahashi Kyoko
Published: September 2024

The role of the gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis has attracted attention in recent years. Some gut microbiota produces γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammals, in vitro, but the correlation between gut microbiota composition and intestinal GABA concentration, as well as the action of intestinal GABA in vivo, are poorly understood. Herein, we found that the intestinal GABA concentration was increased in mice by the intervention of the gut microbiota with neomycin or Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 (TMC3115). Administration of TMC3115 reduced anxiety without affecting serum levels of serotonin, corticosterone, or GABA. We further found that intestinal epithelial cells expressed GABA receptor subunits and mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling upon GABA stimulation. In addition, administration of TMC3115 induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in colonic epithelial cells but not in small intestinal epithelial cells in mice. These results indicate that GABA produced by the gut microbiota, mainly in the colon, may affect host behavioral characteristics via GABA receptors expressed in intestinal epithelial cells without being transferred to the blood. This study suggests a novel mechanism by which intestinal GABA exerts physiological effects, even in the presence of the blood-brain barrier.
Auricular pressure as an adjuvant treatment for type 2 diabetes: data mining and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Yunfeng , Xiang Qin , Liu Xiu , Yin Yuman , Bai Siyang , Yu Rong
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy and acupoint combinations of auricular pressure for treating type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Eight common databases were searched for publications related to auricular pressure in type 2 diabetes as of November 2023. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of auricular pressure therapy. Data mining was used to analyze the core acupoints for auricular pressure.

Results

Meta-analysis demonstrated that compared with the conventional treatment group, the combined auricular pressure and conventional treatment group had significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (mean difference [MD]: -0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.17 to -0.68; p < 0.00001), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (MD: -1.58; 95% CI: -2.04 to -1.12; p < 0.00001), glycated hemoglobin A1c (MD: -0.83; 95% CI: -1.19 to -0.48; p < 0.00001), total cholesterol (MD: -0.43; 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.14; p = 0.004), triglycerides (MD: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.64 to -0.03; p < 0.00001), systolic blood pressure (MD: -14.75; 95% CI: -24.46 to -5.05; p = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (MD: -10.32; 95% CI: -20.14 to -0.50; p = 0.04), and body mass index (MD: -1.74; 95% CI: -2.61 to -0.87; p < 0.0001), while adverse events were comparable (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.43 to 1.66; p = 0.61). Egger’s test revealed no publication bias (p = 0.715). Data mining identified AH6a, TF4, AT4, CO18, and CO10 as core acupoints for treating type 2 diabetes with auricular pressure.

Conclusion

Auricular pressure safely improves blood glucose and lipid levels, blood pressure, and body mass index in patients with type 2 diabetes. A regimen consisting of AH6a, TF4, AT4, CO18, and CO10 is expected to serve as a complementary treatment for type 2 diabetes.

Systematic review registration

www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=524887, identifier CRD42024524887.
Development and clinical validation of a novel detection kit for α-thalassemia in southern Chinese
Authors: Ge Yi-Yuan , Xie Jun , Liao Yu-Wei , Xie Long-Xu , Yang Li-Ye
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to develop and assess a novel reverse dot blot assay for the simultaneous detection of 10 types of α-thalassemia alleles in the Chinese population, including six common variants of–SEA, -α3.7, -α4.2, αCS, αQS, and αWS, and four rare variants of αααanti−4.2, αααanti−3.7, --FIL deletion and--THAI deletion.

Methods

The novel thalassemia gene assay utilized a two-tier multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification system and one round of hybridization. Genomic DNA samples were sourced from three hospitals in southern China. Each clinically validated DNA sample was re-evaluated using the new multiplex polymerase chain reaction/reverse dot blot assay Ⅲ (M-PCR/RDB Ⅲ).

Results

The study analyzed a total of 1,148 unrelated participants, consisting of 810 thalassemia patients and 338 healthy control subjects. Valid hybridization results were obtained for 1,147 samples, with one case (thalassemia carrier) being excluded from the study due to the poor quality of DNA. All 1,147 samples, including those with α heterozygous thalassemia, α homozygous thalassemia, α compound heterozygous thalassemia, and control subjects were accurately genotyped, showing 100% concordance with the reference assays.

Conclusion

The novel M-PCR/RDB Ⅲ assay proved to be simple, rapid, and precise, indicating its potential for genetic screening and clinical diagnosis of both common and rare α-thalassemia variants in Chinese populations.
SLPI deficiency alters airway protease activity and induces cell recruitment in a model of muco-obstructive lung disease
Authors: Brown Ryan , Dougan Caoifa , Ferris Peter , Delaney Rebecca , Houston Claire J. , Rodgers Aoife , Downey Damian G. , Mall Marcus A. , Connolly Bronwen , Small Donna , Weldon Sinéad , Taggart Clifford C.
Published: September 2024

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is an important cationic protein involved in innate airway immunity and highly expressed in mucosal secretions, shown to target and inhibit neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G and trypsin activity to limit proteolytic activity. In addition to the potent anti-protease activity, SLPI has been demonstrated to exert a direct anti-inflammatory effect, which is mediated via increased inhibition and competitive binding of NF-κB, regulating immune responses through limiting transcription of pro-inflammatory gene targets. In muco-obstructive lung disorders, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Cystic Fibrosis (CF), there is an observed elevation in airway SLPI protein concentrations as a result of increased lung inflammation and disease progression. However, studies have identified COPD patients presenting with diminished SLPI concentrations. Furthermore, there is a decrease in SLPI concentrations through cleavage and subsequent inactivation by NE degradation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected people with CF (pwCF). These observations suggest reduced SLPI protein levels may contribute to the compromising of airway immunity indicating a potential role of decreased SLPI levels in the pathogenesis of muco-obstructive lung disease. The Beta Epithelial Na+ Channel transgenic (ENaC-Tg) mouse model phenotype exhibits characteristics which replicate the pathological features observed in conditions such as COPD and CF, including mucus accumulation, alterations in airway morphology and increased pulmonary inflammation. To evaluate the effect of SLPI in muco-obstructive pulmonary disease, ENaC-Tg mice were crossed with SLPI knock-out (SLPI-/-) mice, generating a ENaC-Tg/SLPI-/- colony to further investigate the role of SLPI in chronic lung disease and determine the effect of its ablation on disease pathogenesis.
E3 ubiquitin ligase gene BIRC3 modulates TNF-induced cell death pathways and promotes aberrant proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Authors: Meng Qingliang , Wei Kai , Shan Yu
Published: September 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis, degradation of articular cartilage, and bone destruction. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a central role in RA, producing a significant amount of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and IL-6, which promote inflammatory responses within the joints. Moreover, FLS exhibit tumor-like behavior, including aggressive proliferation and enhanced anti-apoptotic capabilities, which collectively drive chronic inflammation and joint damage in RA. TNF is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that mediates a series of signaling pathways through its receptor TNFR1, including NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which are crucial for inflammation and cell survival in RA. The abnormal proliferation and anti-apoptotic characteristics of FLS in RA may result from dysregulation in TNF-mediated cell death pathways such as apoptosis and necroptosis. Ubiquitination is a critical post-translational modification regulating these signaling pathways. E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as cIAP1/2, promote the ubiquitination and degradation of target proteins within the TNF receptor complex, modulating the signaling proteins. The high expression of the BIRC3 gene and its encoded protein, cIAP2, in RA regulates various cellular processes, including apoptosis, inflammatory signaling, immune response, MAPK signaling, and cell proliferation, thereby promoting FLS survival and inflammatory responses. Inhibiting BIRC3 expression can reduce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by RA-FLS under both basal and inflammatory conditions and inhibit their proliferation. Although BIRC3 inhibitors show potential in RA treatment, their possible side effects must be carefully considered. Further research into the specific mechanisms of BIRC3, including its roles in cell signaling, apoptosis regulation, and immune evasion, is crucial for identifying new therapeutic targets and strategies.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the development of osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infection: a narrative review
Authors: Zhou Jia-Qi , Liu Zi-Xian , Zhong Hong-Fa , Liu Guan-Qiao , Ding Ming-Cong , Zhang Yu , Yu Bin , Jiang Nan
Published: September 2024

Currently, despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infection (PJI) continue to pose significant challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. These challenges are primarily attributed to the high degree of heterogeneity exhibited by these disorders, which are influenced by a combination of environmental and host factors. Recent research efforts have delved into the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis and PJI by investigating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This review comprehensively summarizes the current evidence regarding the associations between SNPs and the predisposition to osteomyelitis and PJI across diverse populations. The findings suggest potential linkages between SNPs in genes such as IL-1, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, VDR, tPA, CTSG, COX-2, MMP1, SLC11A1, Bax, NOS2, and NLRP3 with the development of osteomyelitis. Furthermore, SNPs in genes like IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MBL, OPG, RANK, and GCSFR are implicated in susceptibility to PJI. However, it is noted that most of these studies are single-center reports, lacking in-depth mechanistic research. To gain a more profound understanding of the roles played by various SNPs in the development of osteomyelitis and PJI, future multi-center studies and fundamental investigations are deemed necessary.
Dysregulation of systemic immunity and its clinical application in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Yao , Li Junfeng , Li Jian , Wang Jisheng
Published: September 2024

Immunotherapy has profoundly changed the treatment of gastric cancer, but only a minority of patients benefit from immunotherapy. Therefore, numerous studies have been devoted to clarifying the mechanisms underlying resistance to immunotherapy or developing biomarkers for patient stratification. However, previous studies have focused mainly on the tumor microenvironment. Systemic immune perturbations have long been observed in patients with gastric cancer, and the involvement of the peripheral immune system in effective anticancer responses has attracted much attention in recent years. Therefore, understanding the distinct types of systemic immune organization in gastric cancer will aid personalized treatment designed to pair with traditional therapies to alleviate their detrimental effects on systemic immunity or to directly activate the anticancer response of systemic immunity. Herein, this review aims to comprehensively summarize systemic immunity in gastric cancer, including perturbations in systemic immunity induced by cancer and traditional therapies, and the potential clinical applications of systemic immunity in the detection, prediction, prognosis and therapy of gastric cancer.
Case report: Case analysis of multiple sclerosis with preclinical systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as rare bilateral horizontal gaze palsy
Authors: Huan Li , Xiangming Yu
Published: September 2024

We present an analysis of a case initially manifesting as bilateral horizontal gaze palsy, eventually diagnosed as multiple sclerosis (MS) with preclinical systemic lupus erythematosus (p-SLE). The patient, a 25-year-old male, exhibited restricted movement in both eyes. Cranial MRI revealed multiple demyelinating lesions; serum analyses indicated elevated levels of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-Sm antibodies, and anti-nRNP antibodies. Oligoclonal bands were identified in the cerebrospinal fluid. Neurophysiological assessments demonstrated damage to the optic, auditory, and facial nerves. Given the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and the progression of the disease, the final diagnosis was confirmed as MS associated with p-SLE. The onset of MS with oculomotor disturbances is rare and may be easily confused with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Furthermore, the differentiation of p-SLE from undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) in the early stages presents significant challenges. Early identification of risk factors and close monitoring of disease activity is crucial for an accurate diagnosis.
Seasonal changes of plankton community and its influencing factors in subtropical coastal marine areas revealed by eDNA-based network analysis
Authors: Lin Xiaoqi , Li Kunhuan , Zhao Hancheng , Gao Yan , Zhang Zonghang , Wang Lin , Wang Xinjie , Sanganyado Edmond , Zheng Zhao , Gutang Qilin , Liu Sailan , Li Ping , Yan Xiuli , Chen Zhaoyun , Lin Jianqing , Liu Wenhua
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Coastal marine ecosystems are among the most ecologically and socio-economically dynamic regions on Earth, and the study of eukaryotic planktonic communities is an important aspect of aquatic ecology. It is essential to monitor plankton biodiversity and identify influencing factors in order to measure human effects on coastal waters and help contribute to ecosystem preservation. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding analysis is an advanced toolfor detecting the presence of aquatic organisms, which has revolutionary significance for biodiversity monitoring and real-time detection of wild environments.

Methods

In this study, eDNA metabarcoding was used to study seasonal changes in eukaryotic plankton communities in subtropical coastal waters of the northern South China Sea, to explore how various trophic groups affect the complexity and stability of the species network.

Results

The results showed that the summer interaction network is looser and had has reduce biodiversitycompared to the spring interaction network. As an important part of the planktonic community, the abundance and diversity of algae reflect the interactions between different species and the influence of environmental factors on the dominant species, particularly temperature and nutrients. In addition, producer diversity set the basis for species network complexity and indirectly affected network stability, while consumer diversity and its flexible predation strategies may directly lead to differences in network stability across seasons. There were close correlations among species interaction, environmental factors and species diversity.

Discussion

This study can help us understand the ecosystem functions throughout the year and the complex interactions of planktonic communities from a multiple trophic level perspective, and provide effective methods for sustainable resource utilization and ecological environmental protection in the future.
Observations of the efficacy of the artificial lens cushion plate technique in hard-core cataract surgery
Authors: Huang ZhiQing , Zheng MiYun , Xu MaoDong , Cai Lei , Song XiaoQing
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of intraocular lens (IOL) cushion plate technology in reducing corneal endothelial cell loss during hard-core cataract surgery compared with conventional ultrasonic emulsification.

Methods

Seventy-six patients with hard-core cataracts who underwent surgery at our institution from April 2019 to June 2022 were included. The patients were divided into an observation group (IOL cushion plate technology, 38 patients) and a control group (conventional ultrasonic emulsification, 38 patients). Surgical outcomes, including the corneal endothelial cell loss rate, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and central corneal thickness (CCTc), were compared between the two groups.

Results

Preoperative patient characteristics were similar between the groups. Postoperatively, both groups demonstrated similar BCVA and CCTc values on days 7 and 30. However, compared with the observation group, the control group presented a significantly greater rate of corneal endothelial cell loss on postoperative days 7 and 30 (p < 0.05). Intraoperative complications and postoperative complications were notably greater in the control group (p < 0.05). The observation group had reduced ultramilk time and total energy consumption (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

IOL cushion plate technology offers advantages in preserving corneal endothelial cells during hard-core cataract surgery, potentially improving surgical safety and efficacy.
Association of autoimmune diseases with the occurrence of osteoarthritis: a gene expression and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Dan Jing , Lu Huai Min , Zhou Xun , Wang Hong Yuan , Wang Jia Hao
Published: September 2024

Background

Observational studies have indicated a potential association between autoimmune diseases and the occurrence of Osteoarthritis (OA), with an increased risk of mortality among affected patients. However, whether a causal relationship exists between the two remains unknown.

Methods

In the Mendelian randomization (MR) study, we accessed exposure Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from both the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC-IEU) and the FinnGen consortium. GWAS data for OA were obtained from MRC-IEU. We employed univariable, multivariable, and reverse MR analyses to explore potential associations between autoimmune disorders and OA. Additionally, a two-step mediation MR analysis was performed to investigate indirect factors possibly influencing the relationship between autoimmune disorders and OA. Afterward, we conducted an observational analysis to further explore the relationship between autoimmune disease and occurrence as well as of OA using a real-world database (the MIMIC-IV database). Based on public gene expression sequencing data, we further explored the potential shared pathogenesis between autoimmune diseases and OA.

Results

In our univariable MR study, we identified five autoimmune diseases that are associated with OA. These include Celiac disease (OR = 1.061, 95% CI = 1.018–1.105, p = 0.005), Crohn’s disease (OR = 1.235, 95% CI = 1.149–1.327, p = 9.44E-09), Ankylosing spondylitis (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.21–5.717, p = 0.015), RA (OR = 1.082, 95% CI = 1.034–1.133, p = 0.001), and Ulcerative colitis (OR = 1.175, 95% CI = 1.068–1.294, p = 0.001). In the mediation effect analysis, it was found that there is no correlation between cytokines and autoimmune diseases and OA. Based on transcriptome data analysis, it was found that metabolism-related pathways play a key role in the co-morbidity of autoimmune diseases and OA.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed that genes associated with Celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, Ankylosing spondylitis, RA, and Ulcerative colitis were independently linked to the development of OA. Furthermore, we conducted an analysis of potential pathogenic genes between these diseases and OA, offering a novel approach for the simultaneous treatment of multiple conditions.
Acceptance of family doctors among residents in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Feng Jing , Lei Zihui , Li Xinyan , Qu Ge , Sun Yuchao , Zheng Yanling , Zuo Yanli , Gan Yong , Ye Jun
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the level of acceptance of family doctors (FDs) exhibited by residents in China.

Methods

A cross-sectional study based on a structured self-administered questionnaire was conducted to investigate residents in eastern, central, and western China between September and December 2021. A multivariable stepwise logistic regression model was employed to identify the factors associated with health-seeking behavior after the signing of agreements concerning family doctor contract services (FDCS) as well as residents’ willingness to change FDs.

Results

Among the 2,394 respondents included in this research, 55.8% sought primary care from their FDs when they became ill, whereas 9.7% expressed a willingness to change FDs. Residents who reported high levels of satisfaction with FDCS [odds ratio (OR) = 2.162] and trust in FDs (OR = 1.430) were more likely to seek initial help from FDs. In addition, residents from central China (OR = 0.546) and western China (OR = 0.704) and those who exhibited a high level of trust in FDs (OR = 0.238) were less likely to change FDs.

Conclusion

The level of FD acceptance among Chinese residents was relatively high. Satisfaction with FDCS and trust in FDs were associated with the acceptance of FDs among residents. FDs should make efforts to enhance the quality of health services as well as the overall health experience of residents.
Molecular epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a hospital in Fujian, China
Authors: Xie Xueqin , Liu Zhou , Huang Jingyan , Wang Xueting , Tian Yuting , Xu Pinying , Zheng Gangsen
Published: September 2024

The worldwide spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, especially carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA), poses a serious threat to global public health. In this research, we collected and studied the clinical prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and resistance mechanisms of CRPA in Fujian, China. Among 167 non-duplicated P. aeruginosa isolates collected during 2019–2021, strains from respiratory specimens and wound secretions of older males in the intensive care unit dominated. Ninety-eight isolates (58.7 %) were resistant to at least one tested antibiotic, among which 70 strains were carbapenem-resistant. Moleclar typing of the CRPA isolates revealed they were highly divergent, belonging to 46 different sequence types. It is noteworthy that two previously reported high risk clones, ST1971 specific to China and the globally prevalent ST357, were found. Several carbapenem resistance-related characteristics were also explored in 70 CRPA isolates. Firstly, carbapenemase was phenotypically positive in 22.9 % of CRPA, genetically predominant by metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and co-carrige of different carbapenemase genes. Then, mutations of the carbapenem-specific porins oprD and opdP were commonly observed, with frequencies of 97.1% and 100.0%, respectively. Furthermore, the biofilm formation and relative transcription levels of 8 multidrug efflux pump genes were also found to be increased in 48.6 % and 72.9 % of CRPA isolates compared to the reference strain PAO1. These findings will help fill the data gaps in molecular characteristics of CRPA on the southeastern coast of China and emphasize the urgent need for data-based specific stewardship for antipseudomonal practices to prevent the dissemination of CRPA.
Mixture prior distributions and Bayesian models for robust radionuclide image processing
Authors: Zhang Muyang , Aykroyd Robert G. , Tsoumpas Charalampos
Published: September 2024

The diagnosis of medical conditions and subsequent treatment often involves radionuclide imaging techniques. To refine localisation accuracy and improve diagnostic confidence, compared with the use of a single scanning technique, a combination of two (or more) techniques can be used but with a higher risk of misalignment. For this to be reliable and accurate, recorded data undergo processing to suppress noise and enhance resolution. A step in image processing techniques for such inverse problems is the inclusion of smoothing. Standard approaches, however, are usually limited to applying identical models globally. In this study, we propose a novel Laplace and Gaussian mixture prior distribution that incorporates different smoothing strategies with the automatic model-based estimation of mixture component weightings creating a locally adaptive model. A fully Bayesian approach is presented using multi-level hierarchical modelling and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation methods to sample from the posterior distribution and hence perform estimation. The proposed methods are assessed using simulated γ-eyeTM camera images and demonstrate greater noise reduction than existing methods but without compromising resolution. As well as image estimates, the MCMC methods also provide posterior variance estimates and hence uncertainty quantification takes into consideration any potential sources of variability. The use of mixture prior models, part Laplace random field and part Gaussian random field, within a Bayesian modelling approach is not limited to medical imaging applications but provides a more general framework for analysing other spatial inverse problems. Locally adaptive prior distributions provide a more realistic model, which leads to robust results and hence more reliable decision-making, especially in nuclear medicine. They can become a standard part of the toolkit of everyone working in image processing applications.
Baseline prognostic predictors in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: a retrospective, single-center analysis on patients treated with PET/CT-guided ABVD
Authors: Cellini Alessandro , Cavarretta Chiara Adele , Angotzi Francesco , Ruocco Valeria , Serafin Andrea , Danesin Nicolò , Pizzi Marco , Gregianin Michele , Vio Stefania , Crimì Filippo , Vianello Federica , Piazza Francesco , Trentin Livio , Visentin Andrea
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The identification of baseline prognostic factors in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma could help in tailoring a risk-based approach as the therapeutic landscape expands. Currently, the International Prognostic Score (IPS) represents the most used prediction tool in clinical practice, but other potential baseline risk predictors have been identified.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis in a cohort of 274 patients treated with 18FDG-PET/CT-guided ABVD to assess the prognostic significance of the IPS risk factors, and to validate the impact of the peripheral blood lymphocyte to monocyte (LMR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR) ratios on prognosis definition.

Results

Among the considered risk factors, stage IV disease (HR 1.83), leukocytosis (HR 2.28), anemia (HR 3.23) and low LMR (HR 2.01) significantly predicted PFS, whereas male sex (HR 2.93), stage IV disease (HR 3.00) and lymphopenia (HR 7.84) significantly predicted OS. A 4 variable and a 3 variable prognostic system was subsequently proposed for PFS and OS, respectively. In both cases, a stark decrease in the survival probability was documented as the score increased. Moreover, by selecting only the significant IPS items and considering a more recently proposed prognostic factor (LMR) we were able to better identify patients at higher risk of relapsing after PET/CT-guided ABVD.

Discussion

Although the IPS was still able to identify a subgroup of high-risk patients within our cohort of individuals treated with PET/CT-guided ABVD, not all the risk factors that it considers were found to have an impact on survival times. Moreover, by selecting only the significant IPS items and considering a more recently proposed prognostic factor (LMR) we were able to better identify patients at higher risk of relapse, in an effort to contribute to the building of a modern risk prediction tool that can help guide treatment choices.
Assessing the role of advanced artificial intelligence as a tool in multidisciplinary tumor board decision-making for recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer cases – the first study on ChatGPT 4o and a comparison to ChatGPT 4.0
Authors: Schmidl Benedikt , Hütten Tobias , Pigorsch Steffi , Stögbauer Fabian , Hoch Cosima C. , Hussain Timon , Wollenberg Barbara , Wirth Markus
Published: September 2024

Background

Recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by a complex therapeutic management that needs to be discussed in multidisciplinary tumor boards (MDT). While artificial intelligence (AI) improved significantly to assist healthcare professionals in making informed treatment decisions for primary cases, an application in the even more complex recurrent/metastatic setting has not been evaluated yet. This study also represents the first evaluation of the recently published LLM ChatGPT 4o, compared to ChatGPT 4.0 for providing therapy recommendations.

Methods

The therapy recommendations for 100 HNSCC cases generated by each LLM, 50 cases of recurrence and 50 cases of distant metastasis were evaluated by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome measured was the quality of the therapy recommendations measured by the following parameters: clinical recommendation, explanation, and summarization.

Results

In this study, ChatGPT 4o and 4.0 provided mostly general answers for surgery, palliative care, or systemic therapy. ChatGPT 4o proved to be 48.5% faster than ChatGPT 4.0. For clinical recommendation, explanation, and summarization both LLMs obtained high scores in terms of performance of therapy recommendations, with no significant differences between both LLMs, but demonstrated to be mostly an assisting tool, requiring validation by an experienced clinician due to a lack of transparency and sometimes recommending treatment modalities that are not part of the current treatment guidelines.

Conclusion

This research demonstrates that ChatGPT 4o and 4.0 share a similar performance, while ChatGPT 4o is significantly faster. Since the current versions cannot tailor therapy recommendations, and sometimes recommend incorrect treatment options and lack information on the source material, advanced AI models at the moment can merely assist in the MDT setting for recurrent/metastatic HNSCC.