bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential Medications for Patients With Suspected or Confirmed Ebola Virus
Disease in Resource-Limited Environments
Authors: Pierce William F. , Ready Selena D. , Chapman John Tyson , Kulick Corrinne , Shields Anastasia , Wang Jialynn , Andrews Kimberly , Childs Richard W. , Bell Carlos , Kosyak Alexandr , Pham Jade
Published: September 2017

Background: In 2014, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Commissioned Corps deployed to Monrovia, Liberia, to operate a 25-bed Ebola treatment unit (ETU) constructed by the U.S. Military. The ETU was named the Monrovia Medical Unit (MMU) and was constructed from an U.S. Air Force Expeditionary Medical Support (EMEDS) unit with modifications on the basis of consultation from Médecins Sans Frontières, the World Health Organization, and expert panels from the U.S. Department of Defense and Department of Health and Human Services. From November 12, 2014, to April 30, 2015, 42 patients (18 confirmed Ebola virus disease [EVD] and 24 suspected EVD) from nine countries were treated by USPHS providers at the MMU. The medications used in the MMU were primarily procured from the EMEDS 25-bed pharmacy cache. However, specific formulary additions were made for treatment of EVD. Methods: Using the MMU pharmacy dispensing data, we compared and contrasted the medications used in the MMU with recommendations in published EVD treatment guidelines for austere settings. Findings: After comparing and contrasting the MMU pharmacy dispensing data with publications with EVD medication recommendations applicable to resource-limited settings, 101 medications were included in the USPHS Essential Medications for the Management of EVD List (EML) for an austere, isolated clinical environment. Discussion/impact/recommendations: Because Ebola outbreaks often occur in remote areas, proactive planning, improved preparedness, and optimal patient care for EVD are needed, especially in the context of austere environments with a scarcity of resources. We developed the EML to assist in the planning for future Ebola outbreaks in a remote clinical environment and to provide a list of medications that have been used in an ETU. The EML is a comprehensive medication list that builds on the existing publications with EVD treatment recommendations applicable to supply-constrained clinical environments. As well, it is a resource for the provision of medications when evaluating donations, procurement, and may help inform estimates for product inventory requirements for an ETU. We hope the EML will improve readiness and enhance the capabilities of local and regional international responders.
Resource depletion through primate stone technology
Authors: Luncz Lydia V , Tan Amanda , Haslam Michael , Kulik Lars , Proffitt Tomos , Malaivijitnond Suchinda , Gumert Michael
Published: September 2017

Tool use has allowed humans to become one of the most successful species. However, tool-assisted foraging has also pushed many of our prey species to extinction or endangerment, a technology-driven process thought to be uniquely human. Here, we demonstrate that tool-assisted foraging on shellfish by long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, Thailand, reduces prey size and prey abundance, with more pronounced effects where the macaque population size is larger. We compared availability, sizes and maturation stages of shellfish between two adjacent islands inhabited by different-sized macaque populations and demonstrate potential effects on the prey reproductive biology. We provide evidence that once technological macaques reach a large enough group size, they enter a feedback loop – driving shellfish prey size down with attendant changes in the tool sizes used by the monkeys. If this pattern continues, prey populations could be reduced to a point where tool-assisted foraging is no longer beneficial to the macaques, which in return may lessen or extinguish the remarkable foraging technology employed by these primates.
Standardized mean differences cause funnel plot distortion in publication bias assessments
Authors: Zwetsloot Peter-Paul , Van Der Naald Mira , Sena Emily S , Howells David W , IntHout Joanna , De Groot Joris AH , Chamuleau Steven AJ , MacLeod Malcolm R , Wever Kimberley E
Published: September 2017

Meta-analyses are increasingly used for synthesis of evidence from biomedical research, and often include an assessment of publication bias based on visual or analytical detection of asymmetry in funnel plots. We studied the influence of different normalisation approaches, sample size and intervention effects on funnel plot asymmetry, using empirical datasets and illustrative simulations. We found that funnel plots of the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) plotted against the standard error (SE) are susceptible to distortion, leading to overestimation of the existence and extent of publication bias. Distortion was more severe when the primary studies had a small sample size and when an intervention effect was present. We show that using the Normalised Mean Difference measure as effect size (when possible), or plotting the SMD against a sample size-based precision estimate, are more reliable alternatives. We conclude that funnel plots using the SMD in combination with the SE are unsuitable for publication bias assessments and can lead to false-positive results.
Sonic Hedgehog switches on Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling in commissural axon growth cones by reducing levels of Shisa2
Authors: Onishi Keisuke , Zou Yimin
Published: September 2017

Commissural axons switch on responsiveness to Wnt attraction during midline crossing and turn anteriorly only after exiting the floor plate. We report here that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-Smoothened signaling downregulates Shisa2, which inhibits the glycosylation and cell surface presentation of Frizzled3 in rodent commissural axon growth cones. Constitutive Shisa2 expression causes randomized turning of post-crossing commissural axons along the anterior–posterior (A–P) axis. Loss of Shisa2 led to precocious anterior turning of commissural axons before or during midline crossing. Post-crossing commissural axon turning is completely randomized along the A–P axis when Wntless, which is essential for Wnt secretion, is conditionally knocked out in the floor plate. This regulatory link between Shh and planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling may also occur in other developmental processes.
FTC Regulation of AI-Generated Medical Disinformation
Authors: Haupt Claudia E. , Marks Mason
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the need to address all forms of AI-generated medical disinformation, regardless of whether it involves impersonating real or fictional professionals, medical societies, or research institutions, and the part that the Federal Trade Commission can play in achieving that goal.
Perianal Paget Disease
Authors: Cheng Jiang-Wei , Zheng Bo-Wen , Li Jiu-Hong
Published: October 2024

This case report describes a woman in her 70s with an erythematous plaque with superficial erosion, focal white scale, and surrounding hyperpigmentation located circumferentially around the anus and extending anteriorly to involve the perineum.
Outcomes Following Resection of Stage I to III Thymic Tumors in High-Volume Centers
Authors: Sakowitz Sara , Bakhtiyar Syed Shahyan , Mallick Saad , Yanagawa Jane , Benharash Peyman
Published: October 2024

This cohort study examines the association of patient outcomes following resection of stage I to III thymic tumors with whether the procedure was conducted at high-volume centers.
Prospective Intervention Strategies Between Skeletal Muscle Health and Mitochondrial Changes During Aging
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liao Suchan , Huang Lingling , Wang Jinhua
Published: October 2024

Sarcopenia is a geriatric condition characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function, significantly impacting both quality of life and overall health. Mitochondria are the main sites of energy production within the cell, and also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which maintain mitochondrial homeostasis‐mitophagy (clearing damaged mitochondria); mitochondrial dynamics, which involve fusion and fission to regulate mitochondrial morphology; mitochondrial biogenesis, which ensures the functionality and homeostasis of mitochondria. Sarcopenia is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that muscle mitochondrial function therapy should be investigated. Extrinsic therapies are extensively examined to identify new treatments for muscular illnesses including sarcopenia. Changes in muscle physiology and lifestyle interventions, such as pharmacological treatments and exercise, can modulate mitochondrial activity in older adults. This PubMed review encompasses the most significant mitophagy and sarcopenia research from the past five years. Animal models, cellular models, and human samples are well covered. The review will inform the development of novel mitochondria‐targeted therapies aimed at combating age‐related muscle atrophy.
Charge Carrier Density in Organic Semiconductors Modulates the Effective Capacitance: A Unified View of Electrolyte Gated Organic Transistors
Authors: Zanotti Rian , Sensi Matteo , Berto Marcello , Paradisi Alessandro , Bianchi Michele , Greco Pierpaolo , Bortolotti Carlo Augusto , Di Lauro Michele , Biscarini Fabio
Published: October 2024

A framework for electrolyte‐gated organic transistors (EGOTs) that unifies the view of interfacial capacitive coupling of electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors (EGOFETs) with the volumetric capacitive coupling in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is proposed. The EGOT effective capacitance arises from in‐series capacitances of the electrolyte/gate electrode and electrolyte/channel interfaces, and the chemical capacitance of the organic semiconductor channel whose weight with respect to the interfacial capacitance is modulated by the charge carrier density, hence by the gate voltage. The expression for chemical capacitance is derived from the DOS of the organic semiconductor, which it is assumed to exhibit exponential energy disorder in the HOMO‐LUMO gap. The analytical expression of the EGOT current is assessed on experimental data and shown to accurately predict the shape of the whole transfer curve of an EGOT thus allowing to extract accurate values for the switch‐on voltage and the interfacial transconductance, without assumptions on specific response regime and, in OECT, without invoking the volumetric capacitance. Interestingly, the EGOT model recovers EGOFET and OECT as limit cases and, in the latter case, explicitly represents the volumetric capacitance in terms of the energy disorder and the bandgap of the organic semiconductor.
Engineering of the High‐Power Laser‐Induced Synthesis of Ni‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework: Investigation of its Optical Properties, Computational Methodology, Electrocatalytic Performances, and Glucose‐Sensing Ability
Authors: Mutlu Saliha , Ortaç Bülend , Karatutlu Ali , Gorkan Taylan , Durgun Engin , Söyler Dilek , Söylemez Saniye , Arsu Nergis , Savaskan Yılmaz Sevil
Published: October 2024

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials with numerous chemical and structural possibilities. Due to their ease of modification, well‐organized structure, and diverse guest molecule chemistry, MOFs are ideal platforms for uncovering improved functional material design characteristics. Quantitative analysis of glucose is crucial, especially in some food products, for quality control as well as evaluation of the glucose levels helps diagnose and treat diabetes. Recent glucose sensing devices have relied heavily on MOFs and other nanomaterials to enable user‐friendly and safe non‐invasive sensing methods. Nevertheless, the conventional synthesis methods involve multi‐day reactions, cooling, and depressurization processes. This study demonstrates the unprecedented high‐power laser‐induced rapid synthesis (LIRS) of Ni‐based MOF nanospheres with interconnected nano‐rods and noncentrosymmetric primitive triclinic crystalline structure, highlighting their multifunctional usage in sensing and gas sorption applications. Ab initio simulations show excellent agreement with the experimental physical and gas sorption properties. Furthermore, the Ni‐MOF‐based biosensor accurately measures glucose real‐life beverage samples, yielding promising glucose detection biosensor results with a low limit of the detection (LOD) of 13.96 µM and high sensitivity of 120.606 µA mM−1 cm−2.
On the Origin of Signal and Bandwidth of Converse Magnetoelectric Magnetic Field Sensors
Authors: Spetzler Elizaveta , Spetzler Benjamin , Seidler Dennis , Arbustini Johan , Thormählen Lars , Elzenheimer Eric , Höft Michael , Bahr Andreas , Meyners Dirk , McCord Jeffrey
Published: October 2024

Converse magnetoelectric sensors enable the detection of low‐frequency and low‐amplitude magnetic fields over a bandwidth of several kilohertz by combining the electrical excitation of a magnetoelectric resonator via a piezoelectric layer with an inductive readout. Here, a comprehensive sensor model is presented to further foster the development of this promising sensor concept. The model relates the output signal to the device characteristics, taking into account the magnetoelastic and electromechanical properties, the resonator geometry, and operating conditions. The sensor system is thoroughly experimentally analyzed to validate the model. Based on the analysis, the sensor concept is explained in detail, including the origin of its loss and bandwidth and their connection with the magneto‐mechanical loss in the magnetostrictive layer. Significant advances have been made in the comprehensive understanding of converse magnetoelectric sensors, providing a solid basis for future improvements in magnetoelectric sensor systems.
Computational Design of Hydrogenated Monolayer Pyrite for Enhanced Energy Storage
Authors: Guerra Demingos Pedro , Rao Adwitiya , Singh Chandra Veer
Published: October 2024

In the search for clean energy technologies, it is crucial to develop low‐cost batteries with enhanced performance, and 2D materials are promising for electrode applications owing to their high surface area where fast ionic diffusion can occur. In this work, density functional theory calculations that demonstrate the great potential of recently synthesized 2D pyrite as a battery electrode are reported. An extensive analysis of its performance toward Li‐ion batteries and post‐lithium technologies (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Al), as well as how point defects can be leveraged to engineer its electronic properties are reported. First, the results explain that the main drawback of the unmodified material, namely its voltammetric peaks at high voltages, is due to the overly strong adsorption of lithium ions. Second, it is demonstrated that hydrogenation of the material leads to milder open‐circuit voltages without compromising the capacity of the anode, and lowers the diffusion barrier to only 0.06eV for both Li and K ions. With a capacity as high as 1317 mAh g−1 for Al‐ion, hydrogenated monolayer pyrite is demonstrated to be a promising material for energy storage applications.
Two‐Dimensional MoS2‐Based Anisotropic Synaptic Transistor for Neuromorphic Computing by Localized Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Liu Lei , Gao Peng , Zhang Mengru , Dou Jiadu , Liu Chunsen , Shi Tuo , Huang Hao , Wang Chunlan , He Han , Chen Zijun , Chai Yang , Wang Jianlu , Zou Xuming , Liao Lei , Wang Jingli , Zhou Peng
Published: October 2024

Neuromorphic computing, a promising solution to the von Neumann bottleneck, is paving the way for the development of next‐generation computing and sensing systems. Axon‐multisynapse systems enable the execution of sophisticated tasks, making them not only desirable but essential for future applications in this field. Anisotropic materials, which have different properties in different directions, are being used to create artificial synapses that can mimic the functions of biological axon‐multisynapse systems. However, the restricted variety and unadjustable conductive ratio limit their applications. Here, it is shown that anisotropic artificial synapses can be achieved on isotropic materials with externally localized doping via electron beam irradiation (EBI) and purposefully induced trap sites. By employing the synapses along different directions, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are constructed to accomplish variable neuromorphic tasks with optimized performance. The localized doping method expands the axon‐multisynapse device family, illustrating that this approach has tremendous potentials in next‐generation computing and sensing systems.
Quantum Phase Transition as a Promising Route to Enhance the Critical Current in Kagome Superconductor CsV3Sb5
Authors: Wang Wenyan , Wang Lingfei , Liu Xinyou , Tsang Chun Wai , Wang Zheyu , Poon Tsz Fung , Wang Shanmin , Lai Kwing To , Zhang Wei , Tallon Jeffery L. , Goh Swee K.
Published: October 2024

Developing strategies to systematically increase the critical current, the threshold current below which the superconductivity exists, is an important goal of materials science. Here, the concept of quantum phase transition is employed to enhance the critical current of a kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, which exhibits a charge density wave (CDW) and superconductivity that are both affected by hydrostatic pressure. As the CDW phase is rapidly suppressed under pressure, a large enhancement in the self‐field critical current (Ic, sf) is recorded. The observation of a peak‐like enhancement of Ic, sf at the zero‐temperature limit (Ic, sf(0)) centered at p* ≈ 20 kbar, the same pressure where the CDW phase transition vanishes, further provides strong evidence of a zero‐temperature quantum anomaly in this class of pressure‐tuned superconductor. Such a peak in Ic, sf(0) resembles the findings in other well‐established quantum‐critical superconductors, hinting at the presence of enhanced quantum fluctuations associated with the CDW phase in CsV3Sb5.
Highly Stable Alkaline All‐Iron Redox Flow Batteries Enabled by Disulfonated Ligands Chelation
Authors: Jiang Hua , Yang Wendong , Liu Pei , Wang Linfeng , Meng Jintao , Gui Shuangyan , Long Xue , Cai Xuan , Zeng Yilin , Zhang Yifan , Guo Jinhua , Wang Jun , Zhou Jun , Duan Jiangjiang
Published: October 2024

Alkaline all‐iron flow batteries possess intrinsic safety and low cost, demonstrating great potential for large‐scale and long‐duration energy storage. However, their commercial application is hindered by the issue of capacity decay resulting from the decomposition of iron complexes and ligand crossovers. In this paper, an robust anolyte Fe(TEA‐2S) is reported, which is formed by chelating iron ions with the sulfonate‐enriched ligand (TEA‐2S) in alkaline environment. By skillfully designing the ligands, the binding energy of the iron complexes increases and ligand crossovers are suppressed, making the iron complexes highly stable in the charge–discharge cycles. Alkaline all‐iron flow batteries coupling with Fe(TEA‐2S) and the typical iron‐cyanide catholyte perform a minimal capacity decay rate (0.17% per day and 0.0014% per cycle), maintaining an average coulombic efficiency of close to 99.93% over 2000 cycles along with a high energy efficiency of 83.5% at a current density of 80 mA cm−2. In addition, Fe(TEA‐2S) exhibits high solubility of up to 1.85 м (with a theoretical capacity of up to 49.58 Ah L−1), even at low temperatures as extreme as −30 °C. This work demonstrates a promising pathway toward achieving long‐duration and large‐scale energy storage.
Self‐promoted Controlled Ring‐opening Polymerization via Side Chain‐mediated Proton Transfer for the Synthesis of Tertiary Amine‐pendant Polypeptoids
Authors: Liao Mingzhen , Yao Yao , Gan Kunyu , Su Xianghua , Zhao Ning , Zuckermann Ronald N. , Xuan Sunting , Zhang Zhengbiao
Published: October 2024

Proton transfer is essential in virtually all biochemical processes, with enzymes facilitating this transfer by optimizing the proximity and orientation of reactants through site‐specific hydrogen bonds. Proton transfer is also crucial in the rate‐determining step for the ring‐opening polymerization of N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCAs), widely used to prepare various peptidomimetic materials. This study utilizes side chain‐assisted strategy to accelerate the rate of chain propagation by using NCAs with tertiary amine pendants. This moiety enables hydrogen bond formation between the incoming NCA and the polymer amino growing end. The tertiary amine side chain of the NCA forms a proton shuttle, via a less constrained transition state, to facilitate the proton transfer process. Moreover, the tertiary amine side chains enable the precipitation of NCA monomers through in situ protonation during the monomer synthesis. This greatly facilitates the synthesis of these unreported monomers, allowing the direct controlled synthesis of tertiary amine‐pendant polypeptoids. This side chain‐promoted polymerization has rarely been reported. Additionally, the tertiary amine side chains, as widely used functional groups, endow the polymers with unique properties including pH‐ and thermo‐responsiveness, tunable pKas, and siRNA transfection capability. The self‐promoted synthesis, facile monomer preparation, and attractive properties make tertiary amine‐pendant polypeptoids promising materials for various applications.
π‐Complexes Derived from Non‐classical Diboriranes: Side‐on vs. End‐on Carbonylative Ring Expansion
Authors: Grewelinger Philipp , Präsang Carsten , Zimmer Michael , Morgenstern Bernd , Scheschkewitz David
Published: October 2024

Unlike cyclopropanes, the analogous B2C species (diboriranes) tend to adopt non‐classical Hückel‐aromatic structures with bridging moieties R between the boron atoms. The coordination of the thus generated cyclic 2e− π‐system to transition metals is completely unexplored. We here report that complexation of non‐classical diboriranes cyclo‐μ‐RB2Dur2CPh (R=H, SnMe3; Dur=2,3,5,6‐tetramethylphenyl) to Fe(CO)3 fragments allows for the carbonylative ring expansion of the B2C ring to either four‐ or five‐membered rings depending on the nature of the BRB 3‐center‐2‐electron bond (3c2e): The H‐bridged diborirane (R=H) initially reacts with Fe2(CO)9 to the allylic π‐complex with an agostic BH/Fe interaction. Subsequent formal hydroboration of CO from excess Fe2(CO)9 results in the side‐on ring expansion under formation of a five‐membered B2C2O ring, coordinated to the Fe(CO)3 moiety. In contrast, in case of the stannyl‐bridged diborirane (R=SnMe3) under the same conditions, CO is added end‐on to the B−B bond with the carbon terminus formally inserting into the B2Sn 3c2e‐bond. The two carbonylative ring expansion products can also be described as nido and closo clusters, respectively, according to the Wade‐Mingos rules.
Novel Co2+ and Cd2+ Complexes Derived From a New N‐Donor Pyridyl‐Functionalized Thiophosphoric Triamide Ligand: Structural Investigation, DNA/COVID‐19/Monkeypox Molecular Docking, and Biological Assays
Authors: Albobaledi Zeinab , Tarahhomi Atekeh , Khaleghian Ali , van der Lee Arie , Excoffier Grégory
Published: October 2024

A thiophosphoric triamide (SPT) ligand P(S)[NH‐2Py]3 was synthesized and utilized as a ligand to make novel binuclear and mononuclear Co2+ and Cd2+ complexes. The compounds are the first examples of discrete chelate SPT complexes with a [N]3P(S)‐based backbone in which the SPT acts as a flexible tridentate N,N,N‐donor or N,N,O‐donor ligand. The metal cation features a hexacoordinate environment M(N)3(Cl)3/M(N)4(O)2 adopting a distorted octahedral geometry. Hirshfeld surface analysis affirms that the pyridinyl nitrogen is a more dominant H‐bond acceptor than the thiophosphoryl sulfur atom. The inhibitory activity against the MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cell line in vitro indicated a good inhibitory effect for all compounds. The mononuclear Co2+ complex showed a stronger inhibitory activity against cancer cells than other studied compounds with an IC50 of 62 ± 1.4 nM. Antioxidant and antihemolytic activity of the compounds showed appreciable performance with the highest activities for the Cd2+ complex. A computational DNA binding study by molecular docking indicated a good affinity of the compounds with the DNA receptor by a mixed mode of interactions. Docking was also performed on SARS‐CoV‐2 and monkeypox (Mpox), resulting in binding energies (−5.5 to −8.9 kcal/mol) that are competitive with current effective drugs.
Pyrrolopyrimidinehydrazide‐2‐chlorobenzaldehyde Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Extraordinary Exploration Through in Vitro, in Vivo Cytotoxicity, and Cutting‐Edge Computational Analyses
Authors: Bagul Abhay D. , Gaikwad Digambar D. , Tufail Aisha , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Damale Manoj G. , Dubey Amit
Published: October 2024

This study reports the successful synthesis and characterization of five novel metal complexes (1–5) derived from the pyrrolopyrimidinehydrazide‐2‐chlorobenzaldehyde ligand, HPPHoCBA (L). The metal complexes demonstrated non‐electrolytic behavior and distinct geometries, as confirmed through comprehensive physicochemical analyses. Importantly, the synthesized complexes exhibited significantly enhanced antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities compared to the ligand HPPHoCBA (L). Molecular docking studies revealed superior binding affinities of Pd(II) (1) and Cd(II) (4) complexes, which were further substantiated by pharmacophore modeling. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analyses provided insights into the stability and reactivity of these complexes, suggesting their potential in future therapeutic applications. These findings underscore the potential biomedical and industrial applications of the synthesized metal complexes.
CsPbX3 Nanocrystal Incorporating Transition Metal Cocatalyst for Photocatalytic Organic Transformation by Single Electron Transfer
Authors: Guo Zhifen , Cheng Zihan , Xing Hongmei , Li Xinyu , Sun Yelan , Yang Hui , Jiao Wenmei , Du Pan , Chen Dashu
Published: October 2024

The construction of composite photocatalysts is a promising strategy for improving the overall catalytic efficiency in organic photochemical transformation. In this study, we synthesize a series of inorganic metal perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) with excellent chemical stability and wide‐range visible‐light absorption. The Pd cocatalyst is then induced to the surfaces of CsPbX3 fabricating Pd/CsPbX3 composites via visible‐light reduction method. Photoelectrochemical measurements show the introduction of Pd cocatalyst promotes efficiently the charge separation and transfer of CsPbX3. The prepared Pd/CsPbX3 composites exhibit remarkable photocatalytic efficiency in visible‐light‐induced C–C cross‐coupling reaction. The reaction is characterized by mild reaction conditions, good recyclability, and high yield from a broad variety of substrates. Mechanism investigations show the reaction relies on the synergy of CsPbX3 photocatalysis and Pd catalysis. The valence band of CsPbX3 oxidizes the phenylboronic acid into active radical species via single electron transfer. On another hand, Pd(0) as active sites occurs oxidative addition with aryl halides for achieving the C–C cross‐coupling reaction. This study displays a feasible approach for the introduction of Pd catalyst in CsPbX3 to achieve the photocatalytic organic transformation via photoinduced electron transfer.
Nano‐Multiactive Sites Pd/PdO/CuO/PdCu3 Formed In Situ on the Surface Hetero‐Organometallic Pd(II)/Cu(II) Nanosheet: Investigation on the Formation of Active Sites, Synergistic, and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Li Naming , Huang Dongmei , Li Tiesheng , Liu Minghua , Wu Yangjie
Published: October 2024

Exploring the relationship between the structure of active site and the activity in molecular level and investigating the reason for deactivation are extremely important in designing the highly active catalyst. In this paper, new self‐assembly Schiff‐base Pd/Cu nanosheets supported on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) (called as GO@Hpmaba‐Pd/Cu) were fabricated and characterized. Among them, GO@Hpmaba‐Pd0.2/Cu0.8 exhibited a high activity with a TOF value of up to 95,357 h−1 and substrate suitability in Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction. GO@Hpmaba‐Pd0.2/Cu0.8 could be reused at least 13 times. GO@Hpmaba‐Pd0.2/Cu0.8 was a heterogeneous catalyst and the catalysis occurred on the surface. The truly active sites included Pd/PdO/CuO/PdCu3 formed in situ on the surface of the hetero‐organometallic Pd/Cu nanosheet during catalysis. The synergistic effects among these active sites could be described as that the electrons transferred from GO to CuO (PdO) or to Pd via ligand (Hpmaba) and subsequently electrons transferred from CuO (PdO) to Pd. These made more electron negative palladium, enhancing the oxidation addition between palladium and aryl halide and prompting the activity. The deactivation of catalyst was mainly caused by some destroyed organometallic in the nanosheet, residues adsorbed on catalytic surface, loss of active Pd due to the leaching with increase of recycling, and the aggregation of active metals.
Preparation of grafted starch‐based cationic flocculants and its removal of reactive and disperse dyes
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxu , Zhang Rui , Cao Shuchen , Chang Na , Zhang Hao
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a starch‐based flocculant (ADSt) with medium and low temperature solubility and enhanced flocculation effect was synthesized using corn starch, acrylamide, and dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride as main materials by the ethanol‐alkali method and grafting method. The main mechanism of ADSt's flocculation was electrical neutralization and bridging. The flocculation performance of ADSt was verified by using it along with polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC) as coagulant/flocculant, dispersible dye (dispersible yellow RGFL), and reactive dye (active trimeric blue KN‐G) to simulate dye wastewater. For the dispersed yellow water sample and active emerald blue water sample, the dosage of PAC was 40 and 35 mg/L respectively. When the dosage of ADSt was 10 mg/L with a dye content of 100 mg/L, the decolorization rates for both dyes reached up to 96.2% and 94.4% respectively. The properties of the flocs such as size and two‐dimensional fractal structure were described. The prepared ADSt maintained a good flocculation effect in the pH range of 5–9 due to its excellent water solubility achieved through the ethanol‐alkali preparation process, where its solubility reached 86.7% at 30°C. Overall, the preparation process for ADSt is simple, cost‐effective, while providing an effective solution for treating printing and dyeing wastewater.
Waterborne novolac epoxy‐based thermal resistant and fire‐retardant thermal insulation coatings
Authors: Zhang Lei , Pei Shi‐Bo , Zhang Meng , Meng Xu , Ren Qiang , Wang Chen‐Yi
Published: October 2024

Waterborne novolac epoxy based thermal resistant and fire‐retardant thermal insulation coatings were developed in this work. Novolac (phenolic) epoxy emulsion (PEE) was prepared by the phase inversion method based on formulation optimization by orthogonal array testing. The prepared emulsions have similar particle size, viscosity, and stability to commercial bisphenol a glycidyl ether epoxy emulsion (PZ). DSC results showed that the varnish film based on PEE had a higher glass transition temperature and initial thermal decomposition temperature compared with PZ cured by the same curing agent. Waterborne thermal insulation coating with PEE and PZ as binders and hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) as thermal insulation fillers were studied. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity of the coating decreased with an increase in HGMs content. Specifically, the thermal conductivity of the PEE coating containing 20 wt% HGMs is as low as 0.093 W/(m·K). It reduces the exterior temperature of the hot tank from approximately 200 °C to approximately 106 °C. Furthermore, the HGMs/PEE waterborne thermal insulation coating exhibits good thermal stability and flame retardance.
Pesticide delivery microcapsule based on maleic anhydride‐functionalized cellulose nanocrystals‐stabilized pickering emulsion
Authors: Wu Chao , Li Yong‐jiang , Ding Jia‐wei , Jiang Hui , Su Hui‐fen , Liu Yue , Gao Tian‐yu , Li De‐qiang , Li Jun
Published: October 2024

The efficient use of pesticides is conducive to the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature, and pesticide transport carriers can enhance the utilization value of pesticides. However, design flaws in many pesticide carriers have resulted in numerous environmental and toxicity problems. Therefore, this paper proposed a method for synthesizing pesticide microcapsules using Pickering emulsion templates stabilized by maleic anhydride‐functionalized cellulose nanocrystals‐g‐poly (methyl methacrylate) (MACNCs‐g‐MMA), viz., simple radical polymerization of maleic anhydride‐functionalized cellulose nanocrystals with methyl methacrylate in Pickering emulsion. The structure and morphology of microcapsules were characterized via the FT‐IR, XRD, TG‐DTG, and SEM techniques. The imidacloprid‐loaded MACNCs‐g‐MMA (IMI@MACNCs‐g‐MMA) presented a high encapsulation efficiency (~94.13%) and drug loading efficiency (~24.00%). The release behavior was affected by temperature, viz., higher temperature promoted the release of IMI. Regarding the spread and retention on the leaf surface, the IMI@MACNCs‐g‐MMA demonstrated significant advantages over commercial IMI water‐dispersible granules (CG) (36.9° vs. 104.9° for contact angle, 14.3 vs. 30.0 mg cm−2 for retention). This study provides a promising pesticide formula for sustainable agriculture.
An Update on the Conservation Status Assessment of two Endangered Freshwater Mussel Species in Bavaria, Germany
Authors: Dobler Andreas H. , Hoos Philipp , Geist Juergen
Published: October 2024

The two highly endangered European mussel species Margaritifera margaritifera and Unio crassus are target species of conservation. Based on a recently completed systematic state‐wide monitoring of each 22 M. margaritifera and 22 U. crassus streams in Bavaria, Germany, we present an update on population trends, conservation status, habitat quality and threats for both species. Populations status and habitat quality varied strongly between M. margaritifera and U. crassus streams, but there was also great variability within each of those groups. The population decline of M. margaritifera has continued, albeit higher proportions of juveniles originating from artificial breeding programmes have been established in some streams. Habitat quality often did not match known requirements as evident from poor stream bed quality, lack of hosts and elevated nutrient levels. In contrast, U. crassus populations showed a better status, with an increase in population size over all sampled streams. Successful recruitment was indicated by high proportions of juveniles. However, no mussels older than 16 years were found, probably due to predation and structural stream maintenance measures. Climate change effects, such as extreme droughts, affected both species. This study demonstrates different needs in conservation management for both species. Although mitigation of drought effects is commonly needed for both species, tackling host fish management and direct threats such as predation should be prioritized in U. crassus, whereas restoration of prime habitat quality and intact catchments is key to enable natural recruitment and sustainable populations of M. margaritifera.
The archaeology of eastern Lutruwita (Tasmania)
Authors: Cosgrove Richard , Webb John , Garvey Jillian , Theys Jeff , Jones Rhys
Published: October 2024

Fifty years have passed since the first systematic archaeological surveys and excavations were conducted in Lutruwita (Tasmania). Despite numerous Late Pleistocene archaeological discoveries in the southwest region, no indisputable pre‐Holocene sites have been found in eastern Tasmania. This profound difference raises questions about how Aboriginal people utilised the Lutruwita landscape; first as a projecting peninsula into the Southern Ocean and then as an island cut off by rising seas c.14000 years ago.

To examine the difference between east and west further, legacy data excavated by one of us (RJ) in 1964 at the Oatlands OL1 site and stored at the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery (TMAG) has been analysed. The results of pXRF chemical analysis of artefact raw material, radiocarbon dating and studies of faunal remains have produced information that highlights the Holocene interaction between people in eastern Lutruwita. Despite the current lack of Late Pleistocene evidence from eastern Lutruwita, this pattern appears to be different from land use models for Late Pleistocene southwestern Lutruwita. With new information from the OL1 rock shelter site we can now contrast the Late Pleistocene hunting economics with the exceptionally well‐preserved faunal remains found in the Holocene site, OL1.
Synthesis and characterization of aniline‐based azo molecules: In vitro pharmacological and emission studies
Authors: Shakuntala R. B. , Keshavayya J. , Mussuvir pasha K. M. , Pampapathi S.
Published: October 2024

The present work involves the synthesis of novel dispersed mono‐azo dyes using different coupling components and 2‐methoxy‐5‐nitro aniline as amine through a simple and convenient diazo‐coupling method. The structures of the newly synthesized mono azo dyes were confirmed by using various spectral techniques such as 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. At room temperature, the electronic absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra of the synthesized mono azo dyes were recorded with different solvents. The global reactive parameters for the synthesized azo molecules were evaluated by performing density functional theory through the 6–311++G (d, p) basis set. The anti‐microbial activities for the synthesized azo compounds were carried out, and the compounds G1 and G2 exhibited good antibacterial and anti‐fungal activities. The in silico molecular docking studies of the azo molecules revealed that all the compounds exhibited extraordinary binding affinity as that of the standard drug. Further, the anti‐tuberculosis study against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis for the synthesized azo dyes was evaluated, and from the results, it was revealed that the compound G4 showed good sensitivity among the other synthesized azo compounds.
Nitrogen and Sulfur Co‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Nanosensors for Determination of Two Tetracycline Antibiotics in Dosage Forms and Human Plasma: Compliance With Greenness Metrics
Authors: El‐libeshy Aya A. , Abdel‐Megied Ahmed M. , Rashed Noha Salem , Nasr Zeinab Adel , Magdy Galal
Published: October 2024

In this study, a novel, sensitive, and cost‐effective spectrofluorimetric approach was established for the estimation of two important tetracycline antibiotics, tetracycline and doxycycline, without any pre‐treatment procedures or harsh reaction conditions, for the first time. The proposed methodology is based on the quantitative quenching effect of each tetracycline and doxycycline on the native fluorescence of nitrogen and sulfur co‐doped carbon quantum dots (NS‐CQDs). A simple and ultrafast approach was applied to synthesize NS‐CQDs using thiosemicarbazide and citric acid as starting materials after incubation in a microwave for only 1 min. Utilizing an excitation wavelength of 360 nm, NS‐CQDs showed maximum emission peak at 430 nm. Calibration curves revealed excellent linearity within the ranges of 1.0–10.0 and 0.8–12.0 μg/mL with detection limits of 0.20 and 0.09 μg/mL for tetracycline and doxycycline, respectively. Due to the method's high sensitivity and selectivity, the proposed approach was applied for the determination of the studied drugs in their capsules and human plasma samples with high %recoveries. The developed approach was validated according to ICHQ2(R2) guidelines. GAPI and AGREE metric tools were used to verify the method's greenness and eco‐friendliness, suggesting its use as a green substitute for the analysis of the studied drugs.
Posttranslational modifications in retinal degeneration diseases: An update on the molecular basis and treatment
Authors: Yao Ke , Mou Qianxue , Jiang Zhen , Zhao Yin
Published: October 2024

Noninherited diseases and age‐associated vision loss are often associated with retinal degeneration. The retina is a postmitotic neural tissue lacking endogenous regeneration capacity. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of retinal degeneration in diseases is pivotal. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) determine protein function during physiological and pathological processes, including signal transduction, protein localization, and protein activation. Advanced detection technologies have revealed over 400 different PTMs including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation. Here, we discuss PTMs in retinal degeneration diseases to aid in our understanding of their molecular basis and suggest potential future clinical treatment.
General strategies for IgG‐like bispecific antibody purification
Authors: Li Yifeng
Published: October 2024

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) can simultaneously bind two different antigens or epitopes. Their dual‐targeting capability enables novel mechanisms of action, gaining therapeutic advantages over conventional monospecific mAbs. In recent years, the number of bsAbs grows rapidly and bsAbs under development are available in diverse formats. In particular, Fc‐containing IgG‐like bsAbs, which represent the major group, can be constructed in asymmetric or symmetric format. For asymmetric ones, whose assembly requires multiple distinct chains, although numerous strategies have been developed to promote desired chain pairing, product‐related variants such as free chains, half molecules and mispaired species are usually present at various levels. For symmetric ones, increased level of aggregates and truncating variants is often associated with their production. In general, bsAbs pose greater challenges to the downstream team than regular mAbs. In the past few years, our team successfully developed the downstream process for over 70 bsAbs in greater than 30 different formats and accumulated substantial experience. This review introduces general strategies that we have used while purifying these challenging molecules.
Friedericia Chica, a Medicinal Plant from the Amazon Region, is Repellent Against Aedes Aegypti: In Vivo and Molecular Docking Evidence
Authors: Miorando Daniela , Cristina Maccagnan Juliana , Dalla Vecchia Cristian Alex , Vedoy Ferraz Cleidiane , Monteiro Marcelo , Assunta Busato Maria , Antônio Lutinski Junir , Isadora Roman Maria , de Souza Rezende Renan , Vidal Gutiérrez Max , Hage‐Melim Lorane I. S. , Pontes Franco M. M. , Barison Andersson , Nepel Angelita , Veselinova Anzhela , Roman Junior Walter Antônio
Published: October 2024

Fridericia chica is widely distributed in Brazil, where it is commonly known as crajiru or pariri in several regions. Despite its popular use for treating inflammations and as an insect repellent, there has been limited assessment of its chemical and biological properties, including its bioinsecticide activities. In this study, we conducted phytochemical analyses and investigated the larvicidal and repellent effects of F. chica against the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The F. chica (HEFc) hydroalcoholic extract was partitioned using column chromatography, and subfractions were analyzed using chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses (ESI‐IT‐MSn and NMR). In addition, HEFc was evaluated for its larvicidal and repellent activities. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of 17 constituents, including 2,4‐dihydroxybenzoic and p‐coumaric acids, along with umbelliferone, acetovanilone, myricetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide, and cis‐isorhapontigenin, which are reported for the first time in this species. Although no larvicidal effect was observed at the doses tested, the HEFc exhibited promising repellent effects against A. aegypti, which aligns with its ethnopharmacological potential. In addition, molecular docking studies demonstrated that the compounds of HEFc interacted efficiently with insect odorant binding proteins (OBPs), providing repellent effects. Consistent with the chemical profile and in silico studies, preparations of F. chica have considerable repellent potential.
Multipartite Fluorogenic Sensors for Monitoring Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity
Authors: Hansen Daniel T. , Tu Julian , Bouck Alison W. , Mathis Cheryl L. , Barrios Amy M.
Published: October 2024

Fluorogenic substrates are essential tools for studying the activity of many enzymes including the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Here, we have taken the first step toward the development of genetically encodable sensors for PTP activity using fluorescent and fluorogen‐activating proteins. The Fluorescence‐Activating and absorption Shifting Tag (FAST) is a small protein that becomes fluorescent upon binding to a small molecule dye. We demonstrate that FAST protein can be used as a sensor for PTP‐mediated dephosphorylation of phosphorylated dye molecules. Phosphorylated 4‐hydroxybenzylidene rhodanine (pHBR) is not able to bind to the FAST protein and induce fluorescence, but provides a sensitive assay for PTP activity, readily detecting 100 pM concentrations of PTP1B in the presence of FAST with a kcat value of 19±1 s−1 and a KM value of 93±3 μM. In addition, while phosphorylation of the C‐terminal peptide of split GFP does not result in appreciable change in fluorescence of the reconstituted protein, phosphorylation of the C‐terminal peptide of the split FAST protein abrogates fluorescence. Upon PTP‐mediated dephosphorylation of the C‐terminal peptide, the ability of the N‐ and C‐terminal components to form a fluorescent complex with the small molecule dye is restored, leading to fluorescence.
Impact of a dedicated radial lounge on same‐day discharge percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Liberman Federico , Botto Fernando , Benzadon Mariano N. , Lamelas Pablo M. , Spaletra Pablo M. , Mascolo Pablo D. , Ordoñez Santiago , Padilla Lucio T. , Pedernera Gustavo O. , Belardi Jorge , Cura Fernando A.
Published: October 2024

Background

The same‐day discharge (SDD) program after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a safe strategy that allows for the optimization of hospital resources. However, the lack of adequate infrastructure and a specially targeted care model may limit its implementation. Our center developed an outpatient care model based on an area designed for percutaneous procedures called radial lounge (RL).

Aims

Evaluate the efficacy and safety of the RL care model: (1) SDD rate, (2) patient experience, (3) major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) (in‐hospital, 30‐day, and 1‐year mortality and intervention), and (4) vascular access complication. Secondary objective: Impact of RL SDD rate on total elective SDD‐PCI volume.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study at a cardiovascular hospital, including consecutive patients undergoing elective PCI between 2015 and 2022 who were admitted to the conventional hospitalization area (CHA) or the RL about the stated objectives. Patient experience was assessed using the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey.

Results

A total of 5466 elective PCI procedures were included: 2102 in the RL and 3364 in the CHA. The SDD rate was 85.2% in the RL group and 54% in the CHA. After the implementation of RL, a significant increase in the volume of elective SDD‐PCI was observed and patient satisfaction improved significantly (p < 0.005) with CHA. Finally, a greater amount of MACEs were not observed in the RL.

Conclusions

The PCI program in RL proved to be safe and effective. It showed a higher rate of SDD and a significant improvement in patient experience was observed without affecting safety.