bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Klebsiella sp. Asal Rongga Hidung Babi Penderita Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex
Authors: Bolla Nelci Elisabeth , Suarjana I Gusti Ketut , Gelgel Ketut Tono Pasek
Published: May 2022

Penyakit saluran pernapasan pada babi dikenal dengan nama porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh berbagai agen penyakit antara lain bakteri, virus, dan parasit atau gabungan agen tersebut sehingga dikenal sebagai multi microbial disease. Klebsiella sp. merupakan salah satu bakteri yang berpotensi patogen menyebabkan terjadinya PRDC pada babi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri Klebsiella sp. yang berpotensi patogen pada saluran pernapasan atas babi penderita PRDC. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel swab rongga hidung babi yang menunjukkan gejala klinis penyakit saluran pernapasan atas dengan jumlah 21 sampel yang berasal dari Kabupaten Badung dan Kabupaten Tabanan. Isolasi Klebsiella sp. dilakukan pada media Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) dan Sheep Blood Agar (SBA). Identifikasi bakteri selanjutnya dilakukan dengan pewarnaan Gram, uji katalase, uji oksidase, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM), Methyl Red Voges Proskauer (MRVP), Simmon Citrate Agar (SCA) dan uji gula-gula seperti sukrosa, laktosa, glukosa, dan manitol. Peralatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tabung Eppendorf, cotton swab, cool box, masker, hands glove, cawan petri, hot plate, magnetic stirrer, inkubator, autoclave, osse, laminar air flow, bunsen, gelas beker, labu Erlenmeyer, tabung reaksi, objek gelas, mikroskop, kertas label, timbangan digital, aluminium foil, kamera, gunting dan alat tulis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 21 sampel yang diisolasi, tiga sampel menunjukkan hasil positif bakteri Klebsiella sp. dengan kemungkinan spesies yaitu K. Pneumoniae. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ditemukan bakteri Klebsiella sp. pada saluran pernapasan atas babi penderita PRDC sebanyak 14% (tiga dari 21 sampel) yang berasal dari Kabupaten Badung.
Terapi Madu Trigona Aman Bagi Fungsi Hati Anjing Penderita Dermatitis di Bawah Enam Bulan
Authors: Fernandes Nuno , Sudimartini Luh Made , Kendran Anak Agung Sagung , Suartha I Nyoman
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas Aspartat Transaminase (AST) dan Alanine Amino Transaminase (ALT) anjing penderita dermatitis yang diberikan madu trigona. Penelitian ini menggunakan 14 ekor anjing lokal jantan dan betina berumur 2-6 bulan. Hewan coba berupa anjing gudig dicari secara acak di jalanan Kota Denpasar. Variabel yang diamati adalah AST dan ALT pada minggu ke-0, minggu ke-2, dan minggu ke-5. Hasil data penelitian AST kelompok kontrol pada minggu ke-0 menunjukan nilai rerata 55,0±1,41 µ/L, 53,5±7,7 µ/L pada minggu ke-2, dan 44,20±10,18 µ/L pada minggu ke-5. Hasil penelitian kelompok madu segar pada minggu ke-0 menunjukan nilai rerata 63,3±23,61 µ/L, 51,83±8,54 µ/L pada minggu ke-2, dan 51,66±13,86 µ/L pada minggu ke-5. Hasil penelitian kelompok madu kapsul pada minggu ke-0 menunjukan nilai rerata 72,5±34,41 µ/L, 53,16±8,54 µ/L pada minggu ke-2, dan 58,00±30,74 µ/L pada minggu ke-5. Hasil data penelitian ALT kelompok kontrol pada minggu ke-0 menunjukan nilai rerata 33,5±3,53 µ/L, 31±4,24 µ/L pada minggu ke-2, dan 30,25±8,84 µ/L pada minggu ke-5. Hasil penelitian kelompok madu segar pada minggu ke-0 menunjukan nilai rerata 35±0,10,05 µ/L, 26,83±7,19 µ/L pada minggu ke-2, dan 30,16±5,56 µ/L pada minggu ke-5. Hasil penelitian kelompok madu kapsul pada minggu ke-0 menunjukan nilai rerata 28,16±12,05 µ/L, 24,16±7,44 µ/L pada minggu ke-2, dan 52,32±48,40 µ/L pada minggu ke-5. Dari data yang didapatkan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara AST dan ALT pada minggu ke-0, minggu ke-2, minggu ke-5 dari kelompok kontrol, kelompok yang diberi madu cair, dan kelompok yang diberi madu trigona dalam bentuk kapsul. Simpulannya, madu trigona aman untuk anjing-anjing dermatitis.
Kelainan Gigi Gergaji (Dental Overgrowth) disertai Ulkus Bukalis pada Kuda-kuda Horse-Riding School di Bogor dan Bali
Authors: Aldiansyah Bagus , Widyastuti Sri Kayati , Widyananta Budhy Jasa , Fathiyah Fitri Dewi
Published: May 2022

Olahraga berkuda semakin banyak digemari oleh masyarakat, terutama golongan ekonomi menengah ke atas. Salah satu tempat untuk belajar menunggang kuda adalah horse-riding school. Selain keahlian penunggang, kesehatan kuda juga menjadi faktor penting dalam pengendalian kuda, yang salah satunya adalah kesehatan gigi. Hal ini karena pemasangan besi kendali kuda (bit) yang berhubungan langsung dengan gigi sehingga apabila terjadi gangguan pada kesehatan gigi maka akan berpengaruh pada performa kuda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui abnormalitas gigi kuda yang berada di horse-riding school. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 20 ekor kuda jantan dan betina dengan jenis thoroughbred, crossbreed, dan kuda poni. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara pemeriksaan secara langsung di lapangan, yaitu pada 20 ekor kuda diperiksa giginya satu persatu. Data berupa catatan berisi temuan hasil abnormalitas gigi kuda yang diperoleh disajikan secara deskriptif dalam bentuk tabel. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan tujuh jenis abnormalitas gigi antara lain, gigi gergaji (dental overgrowth/sharp teeth), gigi susu tersisa (deciduous caps), gigi landai (ramps teeth), gigi bergelombang (wave mouth), gigi patah (fractured teeth), karang gigi (dental plaque), gigi kait (hooks). Abnormalitas gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu gigi gergaji (dental overgrowth/sharp teeth) yang berjumlah 19 dari 20 atau 95% kuda mengalami abnormalitas tersebut. Sebanyak 10 dari 19 kuda yang mengalami gigi gergaji juga mengalami ulser pada bagian dalam pipi.
Kadar Albumin Anjing Penderita Dermatitis Setelah Pemberian Madu Trigona
Authors: Luwis Jeremy Christian , Suartha I Nyoman , Sudimartini Luh Made
Published: May 2022

Dermatitis merupakan gangguan berupa peradangan pada kulit yang disebabkan oleh sejumlah agen penyebab. Anjing yang mengalami dermatitis kompleks mengalami hipoalbuminemia yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya asupan nutrisi maupun gangguan metabolisme protein pembentukan albumin akibat agen penyakit. Madu trigona diketahui memiliki kandungan protein yang dapat meningkatkan kadar albumin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian madu trigona terhadap kadar albumin anjing yang menderita dermatitis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan 14 ekor anjing yang berusia dibawah enam bulan yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok perlakuan, dua ekor anjing sebagai kontrol, enam ekor sebagai kelompok perlakuan madu segar, dan enam ekor sebagai kelompok perlakuan madu kapsul. Sebelum diberikan perlakuan, anjing terlebih dahulu diadaptasi selama tujuh hari, dan pada hari ke-0 dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah. Selanjutnya anjing diberikan perlakuan berupa pemberian madu trigona sebanyak 5 mL sekali sehari selama 35 hari. Madu kapsul diberikan sekali sehari dengan dosis 0,1 mg. Pengambilan darah dilakukan kembali pada hari ke-14 dan 35 setelah pemberian madu trigona. Uji yang digunakan untuk mengukur kadar albumin adalah uji Spektrofotometri dengan menggunakan alat Automated Clinical Chemistry Analyzer Response dan dianalisis dengan Sidik Ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian madu trigona segar dan kapsul pada anjing penderita dermatitis tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar albumin.
PERAN DARI DIMENSI BRAND EXPERIENCE RESTORAN DALAM MENCIPTAKAN BRAND LOYALTY DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP BRAND EQUITY [THE ROLE OF THE RESTAURANT BRAND EXPERIENCE DIMENSION IN CREATING BRAND LOYALTY AND ITS IMPACT ON BRAND EQUITY]
Authors: Halik Brittney E. D. , Octavia Cindy , Julian Jefta , Berlianto Margaretha Pink
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of brand experience’s dimension which is sensory, affective, behavioral, and intellectual experience on the dimensions of customers’ brand loyalty (willingness to pay more, word of mouth, and repurchase intention) and its impact towards brand equity at the Sushi Tei restaurant located in Supermal Karawaci. This study uses quantitative approach and the data is gathered through the distribution of questionnaire with a sample of 260 respondents. The qualifications of the respondents are customers who ate at Sushi Tei restaurant at least once within the last three months. This study uses a non-probability sample design – purposive sampling. The analysis process used Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling. The analysis result shown that sensory experience, affective experience, behavioral experience, dan intellectual experience have positive effect on willingness to pay more and word of mouth. Affective experience and intellectual experience have positive effect on repurchase intention. Willingness to pay more, word of mouth and repurchase intention have positive effect on brand equity.  However sensory experience and behavioral experience have no effect repurchase intention.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh dimensi-dimensi dari brand experience yaitu sensory, affective, behavioral, dan intellectual experience terhadap dimensi-dimensi dari brand loyalty (willingness to pay more, word of mouth, and repurchase intention) and pengaruh dimensi dari brand loyalty tersebut terhadap brand equity pada restoran Sushi Tei yang berlokasi di Supermal Karawaci. Terdapat 15 hipotesis pada penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif di mana data diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuisioner sebanyak 260. Penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dengan kriteria individu yang pernah bersantap di Sushi Tei Supermall Karawaci sebanyak sekali dalam kurun waktu tiga bulan terakhir. Metode analisis data menggunakan PLS-SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sensory, affective, behavioral, dan intellectual experience berpengaruh positif terhadap Willingness to pay more dan word of mouth.  Affective experience dan intellectual experience berpengaruh positif terhadap repurchase intention. Willingness to pay more, word of mouth dan repurchase intention berpengaruh positif terhadap brand equity. Akan tetapi sensory experience dan behavioral experience tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap repurchase intention.

 
Design of a Falling Ball Speed Measuring Instrument in Viscosity Experiment Using Arduino UNO ATmega
Authors: Budiyono B. , Sutrisno Edy , Wibowo Taufik Usman
Published: May 2022

Viscosity experiments in universities generally use falling ball method with manual observations. Measuring travel time of iron ball from one point to another manually using a stopwatch can cause a large error. This problem can be solved by designing a digital falling ball viscometer using infrared and photodiode configured with Arduino. Infrared and photodiode pairs are placed in the top and bottom glass tubes to detect the movement of iron ball so that it produces a change in voltage. This voltage change is used to mark start and stop times in time measurement. The time measurement obtained is then used to calculate speed of the ball through the formula for distance between sensors divided by time. Data obtained is then entered into viscosity formula of falling ball method to obtain viscosity value of fluid (oil). The digital falling ball viscometer is accurate when error obtained is less than 5%. The results obtained are the error of the digital viscometer measurement results are better than the error of the manual viscometer. The highest error obtained from the digital viscometer is 4%, while the lowest is 1%. This indicates that the digital falling ball viscometer has a high enough accuracy so that data obtained is in accordance with the reference and can be used as a viscosity experiment tool using falling ball method.
Teaching financial literacy in educational organizations of the Lipetsk Region: Analysis of monitoring result
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation — Lipetsk Branch, Linchenko Andrey A. , Korneva Zhanna V. ,   GAUDPO LO “Institute for the Development of Education”, Trutenko Elena V.
Published: May 2022

The article was devoted to a comparative analysis of the features of teaching financial literacy in preschool, general and professional educational organizations of the Lipetsk Region in Russia. The results of the monitoring of the place and role of aspects of teaching financial literacy in the educational practices of organizations in the Lipetsk Region showed a controversial picture. On the one hand, monitoring revealed the presence in the educational programs of most organizations of modules in the direction of financial literacy. On the other hand, the total amount of hours allocated for the development of financial literacy is not significant and is mainly implemented in extracurricular activities. It was concluded that the greatest problems are present at the level of general education, where the absence of separate financial literacy courses in educational practices is noticeable. Educational and outreach activities to improve financial literacy are actively implemented in the segments of educational and extracurricular activities, remaining in most organizations outside of elective courses. The results of the monitoring allow us to speak about the readiness of the education system in the Lipetsk Region to act as one of the institutions for improving the level of financial literacy, provided that the place of the financial literacy course in educational activities increases, as well as the formation of conditions for the continuity of topics and practices of teaching the course at all levels of education.
Integration of Secondary and Higher Professional Education in the Student Training System (on the example of Penza State Technological University)
Authors:   Penza State Technological University, Vagaeva Olga A. , Vel’dina Yuliya V.
Published: May 2022

Secondary vocational education is now an important level of training for qualified professionals. It is designed to meet the needs of the individual, society and the state for an education that provides an opportunity to enter the labour market in a fairly short period. Graduates of secondary vocational education institutions often continue their studies at universities, which is due to some reasons. Our article is to determine how secondary vocational education has become an important part of the multilevel structure in training future specialists, what is the integration of secondary and higher vocational education in the system of their training, what is the reason for students to choose the training programs of secondary vocational education level, whether they work by the specialty obtained in college or not, and what is the reason for them to continue their education in higher educational institutions after completing their studies in secondary vocational institutions. In order to investigate the questions posed, a survey was conducted among students who have secondary vocational education and are currently enrolled in higher vocational education programs on a part-time basis. 253 students of Penza State Technological University studied in the following fields of study (44.03.04 “Professional Training (within a particular field)”, 09.03.03 “Applied Informatics”, 12.03.04 “Biotechnical Systems and Technologies”, 15.03.05 “Design and Technological Support of Mechanical Engineering Production”, 09.03.02 “Information Systems and Technologies”|, 27.03.02 “Quality Control”, 19.03.01 “Biotechnology”) participated in the survey. This university has been a multilevel educational complex for about 20 years, training students in different fields of training at all existing levels of professional education. The conducted survey allowed evaluating the current state and prospects of development of the phenomenon under study. The application of a set of complementary theoretical methods will contribute to the solution of the set tasks: analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, deduction, questionnaire survey, description, the statistical method of processing the materials under study. All these methods will make it possible to analyze already existing scientific knowledge on the issue, as well as to supplement it with new conclusions and findings.
Social and legal factors of the emergence of new religious movements in Russia
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Fomin Egor V.
Published: May 2022

The article identifies and analyzes social and legal factors of the emergence and spread of new religious movements (NRM) in Russia. The interaction of the NRMs with the state, traditional religions, society, and the media in the Soviet Union and Russia in the 1990s is demonstrated from a historical perspective. In terms of legal cases, the laws “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations” (1990), “On Religion” (1990), “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations” (1997), the Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993) are discussed. Furthermore, the attempts to introduce NRM methods in the work of law enforcement agencies, the State Duma discussions concerning the ideas of the NRMs are in the focus of the research. Explaining the spread of NRMs in Russia, we apply the civilizational approach and note that they are a reflection of the postmodern era from a socio-cultural point of view with their features of multiculturalism and anti-hierarchy. In conclusion, we define the social reasons for the spread of the NRMs: the collapse of the Soviet Union, the destruction of Soviet ideology and identity, the spread of Western values and pseudo-freedoms, the low living standards, search for support and confidence in the future.
Prerequisites for the formation and development of Soviet-style schools in Uzbekistan
Authors:   Samarkand State University, Nasrullayev Mahmudjon I.
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the creation of the Soviet system of public education in Uzbekistan. The prerequisites, forms, and methods used to accomplish this task are analyzed. The influence of communist ideology on the formation of public education in the republic according to the Soviet model and the elimination of illiteracy is also considered.
Cognitive-pragmatic programs theory intentional aspect: from discourse signal to cognitive code. Article 2
Authors:   Xi’an International Studies University, vanov Dmitry I. , Lakerbai Dmitry L. ,   Ivanovo State University
Published: May 2022

The present article examines the intentional and cognitive-mental parameters of the discourse signal within the framework of comprehending the intentional aspect of the original author’s theory of cognitive-pragmatic programs (CPP). Each intentional discourse signal has four programmatically conditioned basic perspectives of implementation: target (“why”); self-identification (“who”); instrumental-operational (“how”); productive-analytical (“what”). The general model of the discourse-signal of the subject-source (D(S)1 constituting): who — why — as asserts = what is asserted. The intentional and cognitive-mental status of the discourse signal are related to each other as general and specific ones. The particular perspectives realized in the structure of a particular discourse signal are unequal. Each of them has a specific cognitive-mental status, which leads to variability in the status distribution of cognitive-mental angles (indices) of the discourse signal structure. Determining the status of the index (central / conditionally peripheral) makes it possible to determine the type of discourse signal at a specific stage of the CPP modeling. During the transition of the discourse signal from the intentional-signaling status to the status of the cognitive-mental code, it passes the second level of conceptualization. Moreover, each program code is characterized by triple indexing, so it is implemented in three main aspects: target; self-identification; instrumental-operational aspect. The sum of the conceptual and semantic content of these angles is the overall cognitive and pragmatic content of the program code. The discourse signal is the basis for modeling the cognitive code that is the basic element of the formation of the cognitive-pragmatic program and its reduced projection. The basic model of direct conceptualization is implemented according to the principle of movement from the particular to the general, where “particular” is a system of cognitive-mental indices (index-goal (“why”) + index-self-identification (“who”) + index-tool (“how”)), and “general” is the index-result (general conceptual and semantic content of the code (“what”)) On the basis of “specialized” cognitive-mental codes, a system of cognitive-pragmatic CPP attitudes is formed.
Features of the formation of mining terminology at the Nerchinsk plants in the late XVII–XVIII centuries
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Ignatovich Tatiana Yu. , Igumnova Tatiana V.
Published: May 2022

The article is written in the context of modern thermal studies, is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of Nerchinsk mining terminology of the late XVII–XVIII centuries — the time of the formation of the Russian national language, including the language of science and developing industry. The relevance of this work is due to the need to study the professional language of the Nerchinsk factories of the XVII–XVIII centuries, when the first Russian silver was mined here. However, the terminology of the Nerchinsk factories of the late XVII–XVIII centuries remains little studied. The purpose of the study is to reconstruct, based on the materials of the documents of the Nerchinsk silver smelters of the late XVII–XVIII centuries. Professional speech usus of mining employees, to identify the peculiarities of the origin of mining terminology and to determine the periodization of its formation in Transbaikalia. The use of the comparative-historical method with the methods of etymological analysis, the method of contextual analysis of terminological vocabulary made it possible to partially reconstruct and determine three genetic sources of mining terms of this period in Transbaikalia: Russian colloquial uzus, Greek and German terminology — and accordingly distinguish the main stages of the formation of mining terminology of the Nerchinsky district: the first stage — “Russian folk colloquial” of the end of the XVII century using Russian words through their rethinking in the process of nominating production processes and facilities; the second stage — “Greek” at the beginning of the XVIII century with the introduction of Greek terms in connection with the arrival of Greek specialists; the third stage — the “German stage” since the 20s XVIII century, due to the all-Russian process of active introduction of German terminology. Subsequently, mining terminology in Transbaikalia was enriched with new terms, streamlined, systematized and unified according to the all-Russian emerging terminology system.
Pragmatics of interdiscoursivity in the communicative space of mass media
Authors:   Stoletov Vladimir State University, Negryshev Andrej A.
Published: May 2022

The article examines the interdiscoursivity as a phenomenon of the postmodern paradigm in media texts. Unlike the fiction discourse, where it has an aesthetic function and participates in the construction of multiple fictional reality, in the media discourse interdiscursivity is used as a tool for solving purely pragmatic problems. The specifics of the functioning of interdiscursivity in the media are considered in the article from the standpoint of a discursive-pragmatic approach. The methodological basis of the research is the textocentric model of discourse, in which the text is presented at the confluence of the intentional, cognitive, linguistic and referential dimensions of discourse. The dynamics of relations between the components of the discursive structure is described through the set of appropriate strategies that are realized in all these dimensions. Interdiscursivity in such a model is defined as the intersection and overlapping of similar strategies of different discourses and subdiscourses. The article attempts to describe the interdiscursive shifts of the identified strategies between the news, analytical and recreational subdiscourses of mass media. A conclusion is made about the predominance of the influencing-manipulative function of interdiscursivity in media discourse and about its special role in the intensification of suggestiveness of media texts.
УПРАВЛІННЯ РЕСУРСАМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ІНДУСТРІАЛЬНОГО ПАРКУ
Authors: Шевчук Н. А. , Тульчинська С. О. , Мацишина О. В.
Published: May 2022

У статті досліджується важливість управління ресурсами підприємства в умовах індустріального парку. Метою статті є обґрунтування переваг управління ресурсами підприємства керуючою компанією. Обґрунтовано, що управління ресурсами в межах індустріального парку сприяє зменшенню використання ресурсів та підвищенню конкурентоспроможності. Визначено, що функціонування індустріальних парків є механізмом створення промислового симбіозу для ефективного використання та управляння ресурсами підприємства. Доведено, що ефективність управління ресурсами має забезпечуватися керуючою компанією та базуватися на принципах циркулярної економіки, використанні спільних інженерних мереж, переробки відходів, використання енергії сонця, вітру і води, повторної переробки сировини та ресурсів. Висновками результатів дослідження виступає обґрунтування необхідності наявності керуючої компанії для здійснення управління та контролю використання ресурсів. Запропоновано підприємствам долучатися до індустріальних парків та обґрунтовано переваги промислового симбіозу.
International Political Economy of Preferential Trade Agreements
Authors: Smirnov E. , Lukyanov S.
Published: May 2022

The change in the concept of globalization of the world economy has led to serious structural changes in the global governance of international trade, as well as in the theory and practice of organizing preferential trade agreements (PTAs) between countries. At all stages of economic globalization, the main motive for the creation of the PTS was the expansion of access to foreign markets. The period of slowbalization of the world economy after the global crisis of 2008–2009 led to a further increase in trade protectionism. The role of traditional determinants in the creation of PTAs is decreasing, while the lobbying activity of exporters – transnational companies – is becoming more significant, which leads to an increase in the unevenness of benefits received by participants in international exchange. The focus of the international political economy of the PTA is shifting from traditional tariff and non-tariff trade barriers to the study of the conditions for cross-border investment, rules for the protection of intellectual property, environmental issues, and production standards. The multidimensionality of trade policy at the present stage dictates the need to revise the preferences prevailing in international trade. Trade policy covers not only cross-border exchange, but also international production. Modern PTAs are an alternative design to the WTO multilateral trade regulation, which will simplify traditional international exchange procedures. In addition, in the PTAs, some aspects of competition rules that are poorly spelled out in the WTO may be especially significant, since the risks of collusion of firms in this case may already cover several jurisdictions. An important role in understanding the political and economic nature of PTAs is played by their “distributional” consequences, when the gains of different countries from participation in the PTAs becomes uneven, which is a serious challenge for real economic integration between countries. To develop new approaches to organizing PTAs requires a clear understanding of the new nature and scale of economic globalization. Therefore, in the coming years, we will face the transformation of the designs of the already created PTAs, taking into account the new challenges that have emerged in international trade.
Belarusian Political Crisis of 2020–2021: The First Stage
Authors: Suzdaltsev A.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the causes of the Belarusian political crisis and the struggle of A. Lukashenko’s regime opponents against the Belarusian authorities in 2020–2021. The paper examines the scientific discussion on the nature and specifics of popular uprisings in Belarus in August–November 2020. The Belarusian authorities used the terms “color revolution” and “mutiny”. At the same time, A. Lukashenko gradually came to a conclusion that the main reason for the crisis is the external interference of neighboring countries of the European Union and NATO. The study provides examples of assessments of events in Belarus by foreign researchers. In foreign scientific articles, the leading role of the Russian factor in the Belarusian political crisis is fixed. In Russian political science, the thesis is defended that in 2020, a “color revolution” took place in the Republic of Belarus. The article primarily analyzes the internal socio-economic and political reasons for popular uprisings in the cities of Belarus in August–October 2020. As part of the analysis of the dissatisfaction among the Belarusian population with A. Lukashenko’s economic policy, the negative role of the oligarchic capitalism formed in Belarus is noted. Particular attention is paid to the reasons for the developing of the protest potential of Lukashenko’s electorate at the beginning of 2020. The study analyzes the political phenomenon of Belarus – the presence of a base (main) electorate. For almost a quarter of a century, the inertia of the political orientation of the base electorate ensured stable support for A. Lukashenko’s regime. The article states the fact that the Belarusian authorities, in their populist and demagogic policy regarding the COVID 19 pandemic, failed to assess the catastrophic fall in A. Lukashenko’s rating in time. The failure of the Belarusian authorities in the fight against COVID 19 launched the formation of the protest vote against the candidacy of A. Lukashenko in the 2020 presidential election. The article analyzes the tactics of street protests and the actions of the Belarusian authorities against their political opponents. The author notes the impasse in the political system of Belarus, the expansion of the public split, and the lack of dialogue between political opponents. Until now, the Belarusian authorities have been able to maintain control over the country, but no real way out of the political crisis has been found. One of the consequences of the crisis was the growing dependence of the political regime on Russia. However, this dependence did not translate into an acceleration of economic integration between the countries. The way out of the political crisis chosen by A. Lukashenko in conducting constitutional reform (the referendum on February 27, 2022) can lead to dual power and end with political destabilization similar to Kazakhstan (January 2022).
Russian “Soft Power” in the South Caucasus: Conceptual Uncertainty and Issues of Practical Application
Authors: Volkhonskiy M. , Mukhanov V.
Published: May 2022

In recent decades, Russian diplomats and political experts have been constantly discussing the problem of using “soft power” in the conduct of Russian foreign policy in the post-Soviet space. An analysis of the discussions on the problem shows that the practical application of Russian “soft power” runs up, firstly, on a contradictory theoretical understanding of this concept by Russian politicians and experts, and, secondly, on a number of objective difficulties caused by political, socio-economic and cultural features of the post-Soviet space. This article is devoted to the study of the designated complex of problems of the policy of Russian “soft power” in the post-Soviet space on the example of the states of the South Caucasus.It is characteristic that even the resource-instrumentalist policy of “soft power” that Russia pursued in the post-Soviet space had a number of serious shortcomings – the segmentation of resources that were not united by a single system of political values, and the lack of coordination between the leading institutions conducting it. These shortcomings are exacerbated by the constraints that have created the political, economic and cultural characteristics of the post-Soviet states for Russian “soft power”. In the South Caucasus, the main limitation in relation to Georgia was the lack of any “trust” between the two states and societies. With regard to Azerbaijan, a serious constraint for Russian “soft power” is the tight control of the Azerbaijani authorities over the country’s social and political life. In Armenia one can see a significant economic and military-political presence of Russia, but there is no systematic work on the issues of pairing Russian resources of “attractiveness” with the specific interests of this country.
Green Behavior: Factors Influencing Behavioral Intention and Actual Environmental Behavior of Employees in the Financial Service Sector
Authors: Hasebrook Joachim Paul , Michalak Leonie , Wessels Anna , Koenig Sabine , Spierling Stefan , Kirmsse Stefan
Published: May 2022

The financial sector, too, is developing innovative services and products that have the potential to make a more positive impact on global environmental goals. However, research sheds little light on environmental attitudes and behavioral patterns of employees in this sector. There are multiple factors promoting or inhibiting environmental behavior. Those factors may be rooted in individual or subjective norms, but also social influence and to some extent financial incentives and benefits. A survey concerning the intention to improve and actually show ‘green behavior’ was developed based on widely used acceptance models which differentiate between desirable behavior and the intention to show such behavior. Employees are predominately responsive towards environmental behavior: 20% are convinced of the need to act in a “green” and sustainable manner, only 5% are hard to win over or are not accessible at all. Financial loss or benefits combined with social motives contribute to sustainable living whereas financial benefits alone actually hinder such behavior. The study underlines the existence of a intention-behavior gap: The intention to behave sustainably is built somewhat separately from various influences. There are moderating factors like sex, age and family status that influence the decisions. This then leads to a gap between intention and actual behavior.
The Determinants of Internet User Skills in Europe
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Magaletti Nicola , Cosoli Gabriele , Giardinelli Vito , Massaro Alessandro
Published: May 2022

The following article indicates the determinants of “Internet User Skills” among European countries based on the application of the database deriving from the DESI-Index. The data were analyzed using the following econometric models, namely: Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS, WLS corrected for heteroskedasticity. The Elbow method and the Silouette coefficient method were compared for the optimization of the number of clusters obtained by the k-Means algorithm. The result shows the presence of 5 clusters. A network analysis was carried out using the Euclidean distance with the result of identifying two network structures between some analyzed countries. subsequently a comparison was made between six different machine learning algorithms for the prediction of the future value of the variable of interest. The result shows that the best predictor algorithm is Gradient Boosted Tree Regression with an expected value of the predicted variable increasing by a value of 1.75%. Later a further comparison was made by comparing 6 algorithms with the increased data. The result shows that the best predictor is Simple Regression Tree. The interest variable is predicted to decrease by an amount equal to -6.099%. Statistical errors improve on average by 32.43% in the transition between the original data and the increased data.
Before the Big Bang: the Apollonian Universe
Authors: Gaztanaga Enrique
Published: May 2022

We propose that the Big Bang does not have a singular start, but that it originates from gravitational collapse of a low density cloud to form a Black Hole (BH) of mass M≃6×1022M⊙ about 25 Gyrs ago. After 11Gyrs of collapse, it results in a high density cloud that bounces into expansion because of neutron degeneracy pressure. Observationally, this model is very similar to the standard Big Bang cosmology but there is no need for Inflation or Dark Energy (DE). The observed cosmological constant Λ is not a new form of DE, but results from the dynamics of the Big Bang expansion inside the BH event horizon rS=2GM=3/Λ. Why our Universe has such a large mass M (or small Λ value)? If τO ≃10Gyr is the astronomical time needed for observers like us to exist, we find a simple anthropic prediction, based only on gravitational collapse from Gaussian fluctuations, that the maximum probability for M is MO < M < 3MO where MO = τO/3G. This agrees well with the measured values for τO and M in our Universe.
Riscos para a saúde do trabalhador e boas práticas de segurança do trabalho na aplicação de herbicidas em cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Alves Monteiro da Silva Diego , Alves Monteiro da Silva Silas , Trigueiro da Silva Severino , de Melo Félix Handerson Raphael , Ferraro de Andrade Pessoa Gabriel Gustavo , Eraldo Souza Araújo José Rayan , Barbosa da Silva João Henrique , Lessa Bulhões Luis Eugênio , Oliveira Santos João Paulo de
Published: May 2022

O Brasil se destaca internacionalmente como o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar, uma cultura chave para o agronegócio nacional. Nessa cultura, a ocorrência de plantas daninhas pode ocasionar graves prejuízos, motivo pelo qual seu controle se faz necessário. Para isso, se faz uso principalmente do controle químico à base de herbicidas. Entretanto, a exposição dos trabalhadores rurais a herbicidas tem sido associada à ocorrência de diversos problemas de saúde nesses indivíduos. Nesse sentido, este trabalho busca levantar, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, a importância da cultura da cana-de-açúcar e o uso de herbicidas nessas culturas, os riscos aos quais os trabalhadores rurais estão expostos e quais agravos à saúde estão sujeitos pelo manuseio e aplicação desse produtos, bem como qual é a legislação que ampara esses trabalhadores e quais os desafios para garantir a efetividade dessa legislação. Para tanto, conduziu-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica utilizando o método de revisão integrativa. Os efeitos deletérios da exposição de trabalhadores à herbicidas são bem reportados na literatura para diferentes princípios ativos. O Brasil tem uma densa legislação vigente voltada para segurança do trabalho, o que, teoricamente, tornaria o manuseio e a aplicação de herbicidas e outros defensivos agrícolas uma atividade de baixo risco para a saúde do trabalhador rural. Todavia, infelizmente, esse não é o panorama visto em muitas regiões agrícolas do país, principalmente pelo não uso de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPIs). Ações como treinamentos periódicos para esses profissionais se fazem necessárias e um maior rigor na fiscalização de uso também deve ser implementado.
**Palavras-Chave**: Contaminação; Equipamentos de proteção individual; Exposição.
desafios do uso ambientalmente sustentável de plásticos
Authors: Vieira Neves Charles , Da Silva Perri Bruno , Monteiro da Fonseca Estefan
Published: May 2022

Como resultado de sua grande versatilidade e utilização, as matrizes plásticas tornaram-se fundamentais como uma das matérias primas básicas para a revolução tecnológica durante o período pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. A importância significativa desses "novos" materiais é confirmada, pois muitos pesquisadores em todo o mundo consideram que as camadas sedimentares de plástico como um indicativo do início da Era Antropocênica. Durante todo o período de industrialização, a produção anual de plástico aumentou de menos de dois milhões de toneladas em 1950 para mais de 350 milhões de toneladas hoje, e se a demanda atual continuar, espera-se que exceda 30 bilhões de toneladas até 2050 (Porta, 2021).
Döviz Piyasalarındaki Simetrik ve Asimetrik Nedensellik İlişkisi
Authors: GÜLCAN Nazlıgül , ÖZDEMİR HÖL Arife
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı döviz piyasası araçları arasındaki simetrik ve asimetrik nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığını araştırmaktır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Çalışmada döviz piyasası araçlarından USD/TRY, EUR/TRY, GBP/TRY, CHF/TRY ve JPY/TRY kurları analiz edilmiştir. Analizde araştırmaya dahil edilen dövizlerin Ocak 1999-Mart 2021 dönemi aylık satış/kapanış fiyat verileri kullanılmıştır. Döviz piyasası araçları arasındaki simetrik ilişkiyi belirleyebilmek için Toda-Yamamoto (1995) nedensellik testi ve asimetrik nedensellik ilişkisini belirleyebilmek için Hatemi-J (2012) asimetrik nedensellik testinden faydalanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Toda-Yamamoto (1995) nedensellik analizi sonucuna göre GBP/TRY ve CHF/TRY ile USD/TRY arasında iki yönlü bir simetrik nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığına; Hatemi-J (2012) asimetrik nedensellik testi sonucuna göre ise USD/TRY pozitif şoklarından GBP/TRY pozitif şokları ile CHF/TRY ve JPY/TRY negatif şoklarına, USD/TRY negatif şoklarından CHF/TRY negatif şoklarına doğru asimetrik nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığına ulaşılmıştır.
Sınırlılıklar: Örneklem için sadece USD/TRY, EUR/TRY, GBP/TRY, CHF/TRY ve JPY/TRY kurlarının dikkate alınması araştırmanın sınırlılığıdır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Literatürde genel olarak USD/TRY ve EUR/TRY kurları analiz edilmekle birlikte kurlar arasındaki asimetrik nedensellik ilişkisi değerlendirilmemiştir.
İş Tatmininin Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkisinde Liderlik Tarzlarının Aracılık Rolü
Authors: YILDIRIM Duygu , KARTAL Serap
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma, liderlik, örgütsel bağlılık ve iş tatmini olmak üzere üç kavramsal yapının doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileşimini konu almaktadır. Ele alınan değişkenler arasında korelasyon analizi yapılmış ve iş tatmin düzeyleri ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişkide liderlik davranışlarının (vizyoner liderlik, katılımcı liderlik, otokratik liderlik, eğitici liderlik ve iş odaklı liderlik, genel memnuniyet) aracılık rolü olup olmadığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Çalışma, İstanbul’da yer alan, Beysan sanayi sitesinde faaliyet gösteren (otomotiv, tekstil, matbaa, mimarlık, mobilya, tıbbi malzeme, plastik, gıda gibi) 206 işletmede görev yapan 346 işgörenin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler için SPSS 24.0, Aracı değişken analizi için Lisrel 8.7 programı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yapılan analizler sonucunda liderlik davranışları algısı arttıkça örgütsel bağlılık ve iş tatmininin arttığı, liderlik tarzlarının (vizyoner liderlik, katılımcı liderlik, otokratik liderlik, eğitici liderlik ve iş odaklı liderlik, genel memnuniyet) örgütsel bağlılık ve iş tatmini üzerinde aracı etkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Sınırlılıklar: Örneklemin sadece İstanbul’da bulunan Beysan Sanayi Sitesi’ndeki işletmelerin sadece beyaz yakalı çalışanlarına uygulanmış olmasıdır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Bu bağlamda ekonomik ve teknik açıdan dinamik bir çevrede bulunan örgütlerde, işgörenlerin örgütsel bağlılık ve iş tatmin seviyelerini etkileyen etkin liderlik davranışlarına dikkat çekerek literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Investigation on the Mechanism and Properties of a Novel Colloidal Dispersion Gel for Profile Modification in High Salinity Reservoir
Authors: Bai Yuhu , Wang Suran , Wu Yonghui , Zhao Lei , Xu Bingxiang
Published: May 2022

A novel colloidal dispersion gel (CDG) was synthesized by cross-linking polysaccharide-based hyperbranched polymer (SMHBP) with aluminum citrate. Four factors affecting gelation properties were investigated including SMHBP concentration, the weight ratio of polymer to cross-linker, NaCl concentration, and additive concentration. Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) was used to observe the morphologies of the CDG to understand the cross-linked mechanism. The CDG is cross-linked by both intramolecular and intermolecular, and the formation of the CDG is dominated by the intramolecular cross-linking reaction. Core displacement experiments demonstrated that the novel CDG obtained excellent profile modification performances at a high temperature and high salinity.
5G Network Technology-based Refinement and Development in Physical Education Performance
Authors: Han Ning
Published: May 2022

Generally, physical education (PE) is one of the fundamental ability developments of human healthiness. In society, there are many challenges to enlarge the performance in Chinese physical activities. Also, the involvement of 5G communication network technology becomes an advent in physical activity expansion day-by-day in China. Physical activity can help to improve the Chinese's mental ability, self-concept, aim orientation and also prevent states like depression, anxiety, etc. Physical activity without education is like having a body without a soul. There is no debate about the importance of physical education and various forms of exercise in the overall educational system. The PE teaching performance of Chinese developed by several network technologies such as artificial neural networks, IoT, machine learning, This paper approaches the development and refinement in physical education teaching based on 5G network technology to obtain everlasting data without termination. Firstly the sports dataset can be pre-processed using a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE). Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is utilized for the feature extraction process. A random forest approach (RFA) can be used in the selection of the features. The classification is done by using a CNN-based upgraded classifier. An efficient data allocation (EDA) algorithm is used for storing data in a 5G network. The stored data can be enhanced by using the glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) technique. The result can be simulated in the MATLAB software tool. Finally, the performances such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and memory utilization of various classifiers are analyzed in this paper.