bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptual metaphor as a linguomental tool of reality knowledge: identification problem
Authors: Vilchynska Tetiana , Bachynska Halyna , Verbovetska Oksana , Babii Iryna , Svystun Nina , Sokol Mariana
Published: October 2021

The article investigates conceptual metaphor as a linguo-instrumental tool by which a person is able to know, evaluate and transform the world. The history of metaphor study has been considered in detail, from its complete denial to understanding as a mechanism of objective reality cognition, and it has been found that most approaches to the interpretation of metaphor were demonstrated in the twentieth century. In particular, it has been considered as a means of forming concepts, and as a semantic-two-dimensional, clearly connoted unit, and as a figurative structure of language, as a marker of idiosyncrasy, and as an object of linguistic and cultural research etc. The twentieth century witnessed the emergence of new scientific linguistic directions, which laid the foundations for understanding the conceptual metaphor associated with understanding the processes of transformation of mental categories into the language during cognition of the world, interpretation of metaphorical meaning, mechanisms of metaphorical renaming and suggestion, and manipulative potential of metaphor, etc. Within different scientific approaches a metaphor is considered as a mental phenomenon, an important way of creating concepts in the language world, which contributed to the emergence of new theories of cognitive study of metaphors as descriptive theory blends, metaphorical modelling, cognitive-onomastic analysis, etc. Further study of the conceptual metaphor, primarily on specific textual material, will reveal the cognitive-linguistic mechanisms of a person, taking into account national specifics, to identify the deep links between the language of the people and its intellectual heritage.
Engaging your Community through Active Strategic Marketing
Authors: Kendrick Terry
Published: October 2021

Now more than ever, libraries must find ways to engage with their communities in order to demonstrate the value they create and deliver. Engaging your Community through Active Strategic Marketing is a comprehensive resource that provides an overview of best practice strategic marketing, with advice on how to implement effective marketing activities in libraries and information services with the best chance of success. It takes each element of the strategic marketing domain and outlines both current marketing best practice and its detailed application in the library and information sector. It includes a set of tools and techniques to help reflection and progress towards effective marketing. Whether it is raising awareness of resources, increasing library use or demonstrating value, this book will help libraries from all sectors achieve their goals, communicate their benefits and present a clear and consistent image. Coverage includes: strategic marketing planningunderstanding users and potential usersidentifying value and grouping users for marketing activityunderstanding stakeholder management to support marketing activitycrafting messagesidentifying effective marketing channelsdigital marketingevaluating the response to marketing activity. Engaging your Community through Active Strategic Marketing is a must-read for library and information service directors and managers in all sectors. It will also be useful for all library and information professionals interested or involved in the strategic planning or marketing of library services and students of library and information science, particularly those taking library management or marketing modules.
Playing Games in the School Library
Authors: Pavey Sarah
Published: October 2021

Playing Games in the School Library is a comprehensive resource for those looking to explore the use of game-based learning and gamification in the library setting. It illustrates how game play can be developed through applying learning theory to practice, exemplified by case studies taken from a variety of international contexts.  The book begins by applying prominent learning theories, in particular the use of games to nurture natural curiosity, problem solving and creativity. It then looks at the effect of playful learning upon individual students and groups. Motivation, engagement and the development of self-esteem are explored alongside social skills such as team working, oracy, communication, motor skills and emotional intelligence. Separate chapters outline the practical use of different types of games including digital, mixed media, physical and active learning and live games, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each within a teaching and learning context. Finally, consideration is given to how game-based learning and gamification can be used to promote library resources and services for impact and how collaboration on this approach with subject teachers, senior leadership teams and the wider community, including parents can be beneficial. Written in a comprehensive but accessible manner,  Playing Games in the School Library  will give readers a means of engaging with distance learning, as well as providing a more challenging environment within their physical space. It will equip them with both a practical and theoretical rationale for including the game-based approach in their work while supporting their school's aims and objectives.
GCTOF-MS and HPLC Identification of Phenolic Compounds with Different Fractional Extracts of Lepironia articulata
Authors: Rashidi Othman  , Razanah Ramya  , Norazian Mohd. Hassan    , Suhair Kamoona
Published: October 2021

Cyperaceae species have an intrinsic value as a source of active elements with biological activity from the family of monocotyledonous known as sedges. Sedges grow in all types of soils associated with wetlands or poor soils. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds by qualitative and quantitive analysis on Lepironia articulata. Dried leaves of L. articulata were successfully extracted by using water extraction then separated with different solvent polarities; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions before being analysed using GCTOF-MS, microplate reader and HPLC. The result from the GCTOF-MS analysis of fractional extracts showed that 48 compounds were found in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts. From those extracts, only six phenolic compounds were identified in ethyl acetate and butanol extracts which were 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, Catechol, Phenol, 2-methoxy- and Vanillin. The total phenolic content was found to be 984.63 ± 5.96 μg GAE/g DW in L. articulata. Quantitative analysis of individual phenolic acid by HPLC showed the predominant amount of Vanillic acid (0.48 ± 0.00 μg/g DW) in ethyl acetate while 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid and Caffeic acid, both of which were 0.12 ± 0.00 μg/g DW in butanol extracts. In the present study, the plant extracts demonstrated the highest phenolic compound detected in ethyl acetate and butanol.
Qualitative and Quantitative Phenolic Compounds Analysis of Dicranopteris linearis Different Fractional Polarities Leaves Extract
Authors: Rashidi Othman  , Razanah Ramya  , Norazian Mohd. Hassan    , Suhair Kamoona
Published: October 2021

Dicranopteris linearis occupies in an open ground that contains poor soils and often colonizing disturbed space that partly shaded area. It has been known for various traditional values including medicinal, edible food, soil erosion protection, pen and furniture. Even though the plants possess both economic and medicinal value, they still form the neglected group of a plant. The present study was carried out to characterize the phenolic compounds in D. linearis leaves extract in different fractional polarities qualitative and quantitatively. Dried leaves of D. linearis were successfully extracted by using water extraction before separated by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. All the fractional extracts have been analysed by using GCTOF-MS and HPLC. The result from GCTOF-MS analysis of fractional extracts showed 38 compounds found in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts. However, only four phenolic compounds were identified through HPLC analysis in ethyl acetate and butanol extracts which were 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Vanillin, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-Hydroxybenzohydrazide. The results revealed that D. linearis contained 699.83 ± 6.26 μg GAE /g DW of total phenolic acid whereas individual phenolic acids were predominantly caffeic acid (0.44 ± 0.01 μg/g DW) and ferulic acid (0.22 ± 0.00 μg/g DW) in ethyl acetate and caffeic acid (0.10 ± 0.00 μg/g DW) and 2-Coumaric acid (0.44 ± 0.00 μg/g DW) in butanol extracts. In the present study, the plant extracts demonstrated the highest phenolic compound detected in ethyl acetate and butanol compared to petroleum ether extract.
Extraction, and Characterization of Carotenoids from 11 Allelopathic Plant Species as Potential Halal Food Colorants and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Rashidi Othman  , Razanah Ramya  , Muhammad Azzubair Azeman  , Norazian Mohd. Hassan    , Suhair Kamoona
Published: October 2021

Carotenoids are a class of natural product compound that are currently being used as colouring agents and widely used in food industry. Carotenoids are bioactive pigments obtained mainly from plants through dietary intake. They possess good features in terms of dietary supplement, food colourant, and polymer stabiliser. The presence of 4 main carotenoids, which are β-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, and violaxanthin, were determined in 4 classes of allelopathic plant groups namely trees, ferns, grasses and herbaceous plants. This research aims to explore the carotenoid’s content and composition in 11 allelopathic species by HPLC analysis. A. auriculiformis (tree) was found to have the highest total carotenoid concentration (146.36 µg/g DW) that was substantially higher than all other species tested whereas the lowest total carotenoid concentration was found in S. palustris (fern) (3.76 µg/g DW). Lutein and β-carotene were detected highest in A. auriculiformis (tree), with 1024 ± 25.5 µg/g DW and 37.55 ± 3.16 µg/g DW, respectively. Violaxanthin and zeaxanthin were found substantially highest in M. cajuputi (tree) (5.02 ± 0.5 µg/g DW) and S. palustris (fern) (5.88 ± 0.19µg/g DW), respectively.
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Carotenoids and Chlorophyll Content in Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis) Leaves and its Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE)
Authors: Azrina Ismail  , Norshazila Shahidan  , Nashriyah Mat    , Rashidi Othman
Published: October 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) (control, 0.01, 0.10, 1.00 mM) on carotenoids and chlorophyll content and its retinol activity equivalents (RAE) value in Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis leaves. In this study, 12 seedlings of Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis were sprayed with different concentrations of SA. Carotenoid content was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and chlorophyll content was determined using chlorophyll meter. Retinol activity equivalents were calculated using RAE formulation. From the results obtained, two types of carotenoids, lutein and β-carotene, were detected in HPLC. The highest lutein and β-carotene content present in Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis leaves extract was found in 0.10 mM SA treatment (93.50b ± 0.71 µg/g DW) for lutein and (282.00b ± 46.67 µg/g DW) for β-carotene, while the lowest lutein compound was found in 1.00 mM SA treatment (30.25a ± 1.77 µg/g DW) while the least β-carotenoid content was found in (1.00 mM SA) treatment (63.00a ± 0.71 µg/g DW). The same goes for retinol activity equivalents, the highest retinol activity equivalents was recorded in 0.10 mM SA treatment while lowest in 1.00 mM SA treatment. For chlorophyll content, the highest reading was showed in 0.10 mM SA treatment (73.50b ± 0.71 µg/g DW) while the lowest reading was in 1.00mM SA treatment (42.10a ± 1.41 µg/g DW). From this study, it can be concluded that salicylic acid at a certain concentration could increase or improve the carotenoid or chlorophyll content. Thus, it could be an alternative source of carotenoid and chlorophyll for the food and pharmaceutical industry in the future.
Characterization of Carotenoids Content and Composition of Saffron from Different Localities
Authors: Rashidi Othman  , Farah Ayuni Mohd Hatta  , Norazian Mohd. Hassan    , Suhair Kamoona
Published: October 2021

The most essential carotenoids for humans are found in plants that are normally yellow, orange, and red coloured pigments. They are typically and mostly lipophilic in nature, but some unique plant species may yield water-soluble carotenoids. Saffron or Crocus sativus contains hydrophilic carotenoids named crocin. Thus, this paper will describe the extraction and characterization of hydrophilic and lipophilic carotenoids (colour properties) obtained from saffrons of different geographical origins. They are specifically the Iranian, Turkish, and Kashmiri saffron respectively. Maceration techniques have been employed to extract the targeted compounds, whereas the characterization of the compounds has been analysed using HPLC. The extraction and characterization of carotenoids in saffron from different geographical origins found that the amount of crocin content was substantially higher in Iranian saffron, which was 11414.67 ± 516.34 µg/g DW followed by Turkish and Kashmiri saffron. Lipohilic carotenoids (i.e. crocetin, β-carotene, and zeaxanthin) were detectable in Iranian and Turkish saffron but absent in Kashmiri saffron. Similarly, the highest amount of crocetin content was found in Iranian saffron at 1054.73 ± 50.31 µg/g DW, while the highest amount of β-carotene and zeaxanthin was found in Turkish saffron at 512.92 ± 79.98 µg/g DW and 252.04 ± 60.34 µg/g DW, respectively. There was a marked difference in carotenoid composition sourced from different localities. Various environmental factors like climatic conditions, agricultural practices, stigma separation, and storing and drying processes may play an important role to explain such difference.
Educação e direitos das mulheres em tempos de pandemia em Moçambique
Authors: NHAMPOCA Ezra Chambal
Published: October 2021

No presente texto discuto alguns aspectos sobre educação e direitos das mulheres em Moçambique, em tempos de pandemia, com enfoque para o ensino superior, por ser docente universitária e ter vivenciado experiências que levantaram reflexões sobre discriminação de gênero, sobretudo no primeiro semestre de 2020, período que abarcou a suspensão das aulas presenciais e o início das aulas à distância, bem como o apelo governamental do fique em casa! Para desenvolver esta discussão, recorri a conversas informais com quatro docentes, duas mulheres e dois homens e com quatro estudantes, duas do sexo feminino e dois do sexo masculino. Usei também da minha experiência dentro do espaço universitário. A discussão mostrou que em geral, as mulheres não têm tido a possibilidade de gozar plenamente os seus direitos, incluindo os de acesso à educação e que isso se agravou durante a pandemia, mesmo dentro da universidade.
Voos literários com crianças indígenas e não indígenas na perspectiva intercultural, Campo Grande, MS
Authors: VILAMAIOR Maria Elisa , LACERDA Léia Teixeira , PINTO Maria Leda
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou compreender como a leitura promove o interesse e o envolvimento de crianças de 4 a 5 anos, a partir das memórias leitoras de seus professores, a fim de contribuir para a formação desses leitores em relação aos valores humanos. Para tanto, apresentamos a análise das atividades de leitura mediadas pelos professores, por meio de poemas e desenhos, abordando o respeito às diferenças étnicas desses sujeitos, em uma perspectiva dos estudos da literatura infantil e da educação intercultural. Essa inter-relação oportunizou às crianças experiências interculturais de leitura no espaço escolar.
Perfiles científicos e hipermedialidad. Acercamiento al perfil periodístico desde el periodismo científico
Authors: Urrego Carlos Andrés
Published: October 2021

Este artículo es un producto derivado de la investigación Periodismo interactivo. Historias de investigadores del Eje Cafetero que busca visibilizar la producción intelectual de científicos colombianos, para el caso, en Caldas. Muestra parte de los resultados de la primera fase de la propuesta de investigación-creación con la exploración de las historias de vida de dos personajes: Sara Victoria Alvarado Salgado y German Olarte Echeverri. En este artículo se aborda la importancia de este tipo de proyectos y los referentes teóricos utilizados. Además de la aplicación en algunos fragmentos del libro.
Aspectos ético-legais que envolvem a manipulação de dentes humanos extraídos
Authors: Medeiros Maria Cristina dos Santos , Costa Iris do Céu Clara , Silva Edna Maria da , Sales Flávia Carolina Casagrande Fernandes
Published: October 2021

Investigou-se o conhecimento de cirurgiões-dentistas acerca dos aspectos ético-legais envolvidos na manipulação e descarte de elementos dentários humanos extraídos. Utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado, enviado eletronicamente para cirurgiões-dentistas. As perguntas objetivas foram analisadas pela estatística descritiva e as subjetivas pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Dos 208 cirurgiões-dentistas respondentes, 78,4% reconheceram o elemento dentário como órgão, 98,6% afirmaram ter utilizado dentes humanos para treinamento laboratorial e pesquisa na graduação e pós-graduação, 42,4% obtiveram esses dentes em unidades de saúde, 28,3% em consultórios odontológicos, 22% na instituição de ensino e 2,4% através de compra. Sinalizou-se a doação por unidades de saúde e consultórios odontológicos como forma ideal para aquisição dos dentes (72,11%). Apesar de 75,5% afirmarem conhecer a regulamentação específica, isso não se refletiu nas demais questões avaliadas. Quanto ao risco biológico na manipulação dos dentes, 88,9% consideraram existir e a análise qualitativa das respostas gerou as categorias “contaminação” e “infecção cruzada”. Já sobre a finalidade do Banco de Dentes, 59,6% declararam conhecê-las, emergindo categorias como “ensino e pesquisa” e “comércio ilegal”. A despeito desse conhecimento, apenas 43,3% indicaram estar totalmente dispostos a se vincular a um Banco de Dentes para doação. Conclui-se que existe pouco conhecimento quanto aos aspectos ético-legais envolvidos na manipulação e descarte de dentes humanos extraídos e que essa insciência se reflete na baixa intenção em se vincular às atividades de um futuro Banco de Dentes instalado no município pesquisado.
The Influence of Training Methods and Students Work Ethos on Work Competency
Authors:   Universitas Bengkulu, Indonesia, Lunarny Eny , Wachidi Wachidi , Alexon Alexon , Sapri Johanes
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of training methods and work ethic on students' work competencies. The focus of teaching implementation is observed using two training methods, namely: on the job training method using internship training and simulasi method using simulation. The initial work ethic of students is limited to low and high categories. This type of research is a quasi-experimental with a 2 × 2 factorial design. The research population is all students of class XI of the Hospitality Accommodation Department at SMK Negeri 7 Bengkulu City, totaling 123 people. The sample was selected using the intact group technique from four classes selected to be two learning classes as the experimental group. The selected class is drawn by lottery to determine the treatment of the internship training and simulasi methods. Each treatment group was grouped based on low work ethic and high work ethic. The research instrument is a work competency assessment sheet and student work ethic. The data analysis technique used is 2-way analysis of variance. The results of the study can be concluded that: (1) the average work competence of students using the internship training method is higher than those using the simulation method. (2) The average work competence of students who have a high work ethic is higher than students with a low work ethic. (3) There is an interaction effect between training methods and work ethic on the work competence of students. (4) Students with a high work ethic who take part in the internship training method have higher work competencies compared to the simulation method. (5) Students with a low work ethic who take part in the internship training method have lower work competencies than those using the simulation method.
Impact of Field Visits on Students’ Knowledge Towards Rural Development: An Empirical Study on Brac University
Authors:   BRAC University, Bangladesh, Jahan Rifat , Shamsuddoha Md.
Published: October 2021

The education system of the 21st century mainly accentuates on pragmatic and collaborative learning where field trip is one of the most prominent methods of learning. Considering this, Brac University arranges a lot of experiential learning activities. Visiting different programs of BRAC is one of them where every student of the university is taken to observe the development trends in rural areas of Bangladesh. This study explores the impact of those visits. The methodology of this research includes both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A survey was conducted where 200 students were selected who visited programs of BRAC. Subsequently, a focus group discussion was arranged where 40 students had taken part. The study shows that this field visit helps students becoming more attached to villages, and it inhibits a sense of responsibility among many of them. This research may help policy makers to design their curriculum more effectively in the future.
Administration of autologous platelet rich plasma and the impact on outcomes of assisted reproduction treatment in infertile women
Authors: Kutlu Pelin , Karabulut Seda , Korkmaz Oya
Published: October 2021

Objective: There are diverse findings concerning the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in assisted reproduction treatment (ART) cycles of infertile women with low ovarian reserve, ovarian failure or implantation failure due to endometrial problems. A debate continues regarding the benefit of this technique because of the low number of evidence-based studies. Mechanism: Different PRP preparation methods have been described in the literature, aiming to obtain the highest number of platelets following centrifugation steps. Findings in brief: Research on the use of PRP in female infertility aims to improve the deteriorated hormonal profile, gamete production and implantation of the embryo into the endometrium. Conclusions: This paper reviewed literature evaluating the impact of PRP on the outcomes of subsequent ART cycles in infertile women. PRP is a safe and easy-to-apply procedure and can be used as an ’add-on’ therapy in patients with reduced ovarian reserve, ovarian failure or implantation failure prior to the in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle, although it is still regarded as an empirical treatment method. Further studies should be conducted to enlighten the subject.
Transumbilical single-hole laparoscopic treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy by uterine artery pre-ligation: a report of 4 cases
Authors: Du Xin , Zou Qian , Liu Yu-Lan
Published: October 2021

Background: To explore the safety and feasibility of transumbilical single-hole laparoscopic treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) by uterine artery pre-ligation. Methods: Four cases with type II or III CSP were collected. Under transumbilical single-hole laparoscope, an active knot was first made around the uterine artery. If excessive bleeding occurred, the active knot was tightened to control intraoperative bleeding. Excessive bleeding was defined as more than 50 mL of bleeding within 2 min that failed to respond to electrocoagulation. Results: The active knot was tightened in two of the four cases. Overall, the mean intraoperative bleeding was 175.00 ± 155.456 mL, mean operation duration was 171.00 ± 17.455 min, mean postoperative hospitalization was 4.50 ± 0.577 days, and the mean time required for postoperative serum β-HCG to return to normal level was 27.50 ± 5.196 days. Menstruation recovered in 40.25 ± 16.112 days after operation, while postoperative menstrual volume was less in one case and otherwise normal. Conclusions: For the treatment of type II or III CSP, transumbilical single-hole laparoscope combined with uterine artery pre-ligation can accurately control and reduce intraoperative bleeding in place of uterine artery embolization. This treatment regimen is safe and may obtain better abdominal appearance.
Proposal of reference values for transverse cerebellar diameter in Korean fetuses and comparison with other countries
Authors: Yang Sung-Hee , Hwang Chul-Hwan , An Hyun-Sook , Lee Dong-Yeon
Published: October 2021

Background: In Korea, fetuses are currently assessed using ultrasound data collected from foreign subjects. This study aimed to propose independent reference values for the transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) in Korean fetuses to predict gestational age (GA) and compare the TCD values among different countries. Methods: A total of 1819 healthy singletons with GAs of 15–37 weeks were retrospectively analyzed. The TCD was measured in the transcerebellar plane of the fetal head. TCD percentiles were calculated for different GAs, and a regression model was created to predict GA. Bland–Altman analysis was performed to examine the differences in the mean TCD and variations in the TCD among different countries. Results: The TCD ranged from 1.48 to 4.76 cm with a mean of 2.7 ± 0.91 cm. In the regression model of TCD (cm) = 0.129 GA (weeks) – 0.527 (95% confidence interval 0.129–0.130, p < 0.001), the TCD explained 98.4% of the variance in GA. Significant differences in the mean TCD were found between Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and India. TCD variations increased as the mean TCD increased. Conclusions: Fetal TCD is an important biometric index for predicting GA. Ethnic differences must be considered when using fetal TCD.
Rapid rate of growth in adnexal masses, despite benign appearance on ultrasound, was associated with malignancy. A retrospective analysis of 48 consecutive cases from a single institution
Authors: Moisidis-Tesch Christina M. , Vedder Nicole , Ginsberg Norman A.
Published: October 2021

Background: To compare the rate of malignancy in adnexal masses with benign appearance on ultrasound and low Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) based on their rate of growth. Methods: All patients in our obstetrics and gynecology practice undergoing surgery between 2015 and 2020 for adnexal masses with only benign appearance on ultrasound were analyzed. Ultrasound findings of the adnexa up to 3 years prior to surgery, cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) levels and RMI were evaluated. Results: Patients ranged in age from 22 to 84. All adnexal masses appeared benign on ultrasound using International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Simple Rules. CA-125 levels ranged from 4 to 127 U/mL. The RMI ranged from 7 to 127 (200 is indicative of malignancy). Ultrasound findings up to three years prior to surgery were available for 43 patients. In 39 patients, the adnexal mass grew slowly, and the histopathology was benign. In 4 patients, the adnexal mass grew rapidly (increased in size by more than 50% or first appeared in 6–12 months prior to surgery), and all were found to have borderline or early stage ovarian/tubal carcinomas. The rate of malignancy was 9.3%. Conclusions: Despite benign appearance on ultrasound and low RMI, adnexal masses with a rapid rate of growth were associated with a risk of malignancy of 9.3%.
Comparative assessment of Arabin pessary and cervical cerclage in the management of cervical insufficiency
Authors: Pizzicaroli Caterina , Arciero Veronica , Simonelli Ilaria , Caporale Nicola , Salvatori Massimo Maria , Scaldaferri Doriana , Tartaglia Silvio , Larciprete Giovanni
Published: October 2021

Background: One of the most important causes of preterm birth (PTB) is cervical insufficiency, which usually it’s treated by performing a surgical cervical cerclage (CC). Currently, a valid alternative to surgical treatment is represented by the application of a non-invasive intravaginal silicon device called Arabin® pessary (AP). The aim of the study is to compare these two therapeutic approaches in terms of gestational and neonatal outcomes. Methods: In this observational cohort study, we retrospectively evaluated the pregnant women between 18 and 24 gestational weeks referred to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital of Rome from 2015 to 2017 with the diagnosis of threatened preterm birth. The 26 women were divided into groups according to the treatment received: cervical cerclage (Group-1, in-patient) and Arabin® pessary (Group-2, out-patient), both in combination with vaginal progesterone (PG). The primary outcome was the gestational age at delivery, and various secondary maternal and neonatal outcomes were considered. Results: The results do not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups, both in terms of gestational and neonatal outcomes. Considering surgical risks (anesthesia, blood loss), recovery-time and economic costs of CC, AP showed very interesting advantages resulting in more favorable cost-benefits relation. Conclusion: We confirmed once again that out-patient combination of AP and vaginal PG is a safe, non-invasive choice as treatment of PTB. Unfortunately, the small population doesn’t allow to define this a noninferiority trial. Further larger randomized controlled studies are needed to reassure clinicians about the efficacy of this combined non-invasive approach.
Searching for biomarkers in the progression from polycystic ovary syndrome to endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Lu Zhenzhen , Gao Ying
Published: October 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a female reproductive system disease closely related to endocrine and highly correlated with the development of endometrial carcinoma in women, it is important to identify the key genes involved in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: To identify the hub genes, microarray datasets GSE48301, GSE115810 and GSE3013 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. We performed in-depth cross-tabulation bioinformatic analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among four types of endometrial cells in GSE48301 and two endometrial carcinoma datasets GSE115810 and GSE3013, followed by gene ontology, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction network analysis. Results: Thirteen seed DEGs and 4 significantly expressed DEGs were identified, and potential drugs and mRNAs were found. Conclusion: EDNRA, FBN1, PMP22, SPARC and IGF-1 may be potential and their miRNAs, especially hsa-miR-29a-3p and hsa-miR-29b-3p may be potential biomarkers in the progression from PCOS to endometrial carcinoma.
Are plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor or reproductive hormones related to depression in PCOS patients?: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Gyung-Mee , Lee Jung Ahn , Park Sung Woo , Lee Jung Goo , Jeon Gyun-Ho
Published: October 2021

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved both in the ovarian dysfunctions such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. This study aimed to determine the association between plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and depression in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients. Methods: 71 patients with secondary amenorrhea (SA) were included in the study. The relationship between laboratory findings including plasma BDNF level and depression were examined in the PCOS group and in the non-PCOS group. Results: Among 71 SA patients, 43 participants were PCOS patients and 28 were non-PCOS patients. After controlling for age and BMI, the plasma BDNF level was not correlated with depression severity in the PCOS group (r = 0.259; p = 0.106). However, in the non-PCOS group, depression severity was negatively associated with the plasma BDNF level (r = −0.641; p < 0.001). In the PCOS group, unlike the non-PCOS group, the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and depression scores showed a negative correlation (r = −0.461, p = 0.004 with Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Rating Scale (CES-D); r = −0.521, p = 0.001 with Korean version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (K-HDRS), respectively) and positively correlated with the levels of prolactin (r = 0.352, p = 0.026 with CES-D; r = 0.332, p = 0.036 with K-HDRS, respectively). Conclusion: This prospective cohort study showed that the plasma BDNF levels were not related to depression in patients with PCOS. However, the levels of some reproductive hormones such as AMH and prolactin were associated with depression in patients with PCOS. We suggest that the pathophysiology of depression differs in PCOS patients compared to in patients with other causes of SA.
Multimodal stepwise analgesia for reducing opioid consumption after cesarean delivery
Authors: Visic Uros , Pintaric Tatjana Stopar , Albreht Tit , Blajic Iva , Lucovnik Miha
Published: October 2021

Background: Opioid over-prescription after cesarean delivery (CD) delays postoperative recovery, interferes with breastfeeding and may prompt persistent opioid use after hospital discharge. We evaluated the effects of implementing a multimodal stepwise analgesic regimen on opioid consumption and pain scores after CD. Methods: This was a retrospective before-after study. Opioid intake (expressed as morphine milligram equivalents (MME)) and pain scores (using the 11-point numerical rating score) within 24-hours following planned cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia without intrathecal morphine were compared before vs. after change in post-cesarean analgesia regimen. This included intensified non-opioid analgesia with quadratus lumborum block and shifting from scheduled to as-needed opioids. Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical comparison (p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results: We included 116 women: 58 in pre-intervention and 58 in post-intervention group. There was an 86% reduction in MME (median 14 (interquarile range (IQR) 14–18) mg pre-intervention vs. 2 (IQR 2–4) mg post-intervention; p < 0.001). Pain scores were statistically higher at 2 and 4 hours post-CD in the post-intervention group (1 (IQR 1–2) vs. 2 (IQR 1–3); p = 0.001, and 2 (IQR 1–3) vs. 2 (IQR 2–3); p = 0.03, respectively) but lower at 6 hours post-CD (3 (IQR 2–4) vs. 2 (IQR 2–3); p = 0.02). No statistically significant difference in pain scores at 1, 12 and 24 hours post-CD were observed. Conclusion: Multimodal stepwise analgesic regimen allowed shifting from scheduled to as-needed opioids for post-CD pain management without increase in pain scores. This resulted in significant reduction in opioid consumption after CD.
Single umbilical artery: a continuous dilemma and challenge in obstetric management
Authors: Tica Oana Sorina , Tica Andrei Adrian , Cojocaru Doriana , Tica Irina , Cojocaru Victor , Tica Vlad Iustin
Published: October 2021

Background: The single umbilical artery (SUA), an entity with almost unknown etiology, is still subject to discussion regarding its clinical significance, especially when it is an isolated discovery (iSUA). Methods: This retrospective study focused on the evaluation of fetuses with ultrasound proven SUA during second trimester screening. These fetuses were carefully investigated for other malformations. The respective pregnancies were attentively followed up and the newborns were evaluated confirming SUA. Results: The incidence of SUA was 0.57%, with 34.6% of these fetuses having associated abnormalities being 19.2% cardiovascular, 15.3% gastrointestinal, 11.5% cerebral, 7.6% osteomuscular and 3.8% urogenital. Aneuploidy was present in 8% of these infants. These rates were significantly greater compared with those noticed in “normal” three vessels umbilical cord (TVC) fetuses (control group) (p < 0.001). Similar relations were found for the rates of IUGR and/or SGA, polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios (p < 0.001). Interestingly, in iSUA group (65.4% of all SUA cases), only the rate of oligohydramnios was significantly increased compared with the control group (p = 0.038). Furthermore, in a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy, with only one fetus revealing iSUA, the “affected” fetus paradoxically weighted more than the “healthy” one. Conclusion: We concluded that SUA is an important finding during morphological ultrasound examination. When associated with other anomalies, a fetal karyotype is mandatory due to the increased risk of aneuploidy. Furthermore, the pregnancy should be meticulously monitored in order to promptly diagnose other developmental anomalies associated with abnormalities of the amniotic fluid volume and to detect any anatomical anomalies missed at the initial prenatal evaluation. Finally, we concluded that diabetes mellitus represents a strong favoring condition for SUA with first pregnancy also being a contributor.
Ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation in a woman with borderline serous ovarian tumor causing a large fluctuating subcutaneous fluid collection: a case report
Authors: Hizkiyahu Ranit , Salvador Shannon , Dahan Michael H.
Published: October 2021

Background: Fertility preservation in oncologic cases has increased exponentially during the last 15 years. Most of these cases occur in women with breast cancer or lymphoma. Rarely, the onco-fertility physician will have cases of young ovarian cancer patients who wish to cryopreserve their oocytes or embryos. Case: A previously un-described presentation of a borderline serous ovarian tumor in a woman undergoing ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation. On the day of egg retrieval, a large subcutaneous fluid collection was noted. This fluid collection is possibly secondary to laparoscopic resection of the ovarian mass. Although, cancer recurrence has been noted at laparoscopic port entry sites and ovarian stimulation has been hypothesized to increase the risk of advancement of ovarian cancer cells, this is the first time in the medical literature that a supra-facial fluid collection occurred during gonadotropin stimulation, without ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, in the context of ovarian malignancy. Our hypothesis is that during an operation before the stimulation cycle started, low malignant potential ovarian cells spread via the laparoscopy port to the subcutaneous space and grew in response to the gonadotropin stimulation. Conclusions: Being a borderline tumor, the fluid collection was self limited and did not re-occur with subsequent stimulations. However, in cases of frank ovarian malignacy and ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation cancer metastacis could occur to the sub-cutaneous space.
Retiform hemangioendothelioma of the vulva: a case report
Authors: Wang Hai-Jiao , Ding Zhi-Chen , Yan Xu , Yue Ying
Published: October 2021

Background: To report a rare case of retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) originated from the vulva and review the relative references. Case: A 38-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a vulvar subcutaneous nodule (diameter about 2 cm) for 2 years. The clinical examination findings, laboratory test results, including complete blood count and liver function test results were normal. The B mode ultrasound revealed that a hypoechoic nodule with a clear boundary was observed on the right side of the vulva. The size was measured to be 23 mm × 8 mm. An expanded resection with the excision range extending 1 cm and the depth reaching the fascia was performed. The histologic examination revealed that the elongated, arborizing, thin-walled vessels were abundant on the tumor, the inner wall of the vessels was arranged with monolayer cells with uniform morphology. Local infiltration of lymphocyte has been found around the vessels. Immunohistochemical examinations showed that the endothelial cells were CD31, CD34 and friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) positive, the smooth muscle actin (SMA) was scattered positive, further confirming the diagnosis of RH. The patient was followed up for 15 months, no local recurrence was found. Conclusions: Vulvar region is the rare affected region of RH, which is lack of characteristic findings in clinical examinations and laboratory tests. The pathology and immunohistochemistry are necessary for the diagnosis of vulvar RH. Local expanded resection of tumor may be an effective method for the treatment of early-stage RH to reduce the risk of local recurrence.
Successful delivery of a twin pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole and coexistent live fetus: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Sethi Neha , Tan Ann Gee , Kamarudin Maherah , Sulaiman Sofiah
Published: October 2021

Background: A twin pregnancy consisting of either a complete or partial hydatidiform mole and a fetus is rare. The reported incidence ranges from 1:22,000–100,000 pregnancies, and complete hydatidiform mole with a coexistent fetus (CHMCF) comprises the majority of these cases. The management of CHMCF is controversial, as maternal risk with continuation of the pregnancy should be weighed against fetal survival. Women with CHMCF are at risk of developing preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, hyperthyroidism, antepartum hemorrhage, and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Case: We report a case of a healthy 32-year-old woman in her third pregnancy. She presented at 18 weeks gestation with vaginal bleeding and a significantly large uterus relative to the gestational age. Ultrasound showed CHMCF with a beta-hCG value of 398,800 IU/L. After careful discussion with the patient and after considering her options, she elected to continue the pregnancy. She was closely monitored for complications and had no maternal or fetal concerns. An elective cesarean delivery was performed at 32 weeks. A live female infant was delivered together with a normal placenta and a complete mole. The mother and baby were discharged in good condition after 2 days. A histopathological examination of the molar tissue confirmed the CHMCF diagnosis. No finding of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) was discovered throughout one-year follow-up. Conclusion: Successful pregnancy outcomes can be achieved in cases of CHMCF. Comprehensive counseling with the patient regarding possible complications is important. Closely monitoring the mother for any complications and performing ongoing fetal surveillance are essential. Delivery should be planned at a tertiary center with good facilities and neonatal support.
Predicting Mission Alignment and Preventing Mission Drift: Do Revenue Sources Matter?
Authors: Ma Ji , Jing Elise , Han Jun
Published: October 2021

Activities of nonprofit organizations do not always align with their missions, a managerial problem termed as “mission drift.” Mission drift is difficult to operationalize and quantify; thus, as a critical issue, only a few conceptual pieces or empirical case studies have explored this topic. This paper develops innovative measures to operationalize “mission alignment” using data science methodology, and examines the impact of revenue sources on mission alignment. By using the cosine similarity of text between a mission statement and program description, four measures of mission alignment are devised: the sum cosine similarity, average cosine similarity, weighted sum cosine similarity, and weighted average cosine similarity. Text analysis indicates that a majority of the programs evidence educational purposes, and for-profit business plays an important role in foundations’ projects and funding. The regression analysis shows that personal donation and service revenue can increase mission alignment,while organizational donation and membership dues decrease mission alignment.
Differential expression of CHST11 in cancer of the vulva.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

In these brief notes we document work using published microarray data (1, 2) to pioneer integrative transcriptome analysis comparing vulvar carcinoma to its tissue of origin, the vulva. We report the differential expression of carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 11, encoded by CHST11, in cancer of the vulva. CHST11 may be of pertinence to understanding transformation and disease progression in vulvar cancer (3).
Differential expression of MDFI in cancer of the vulva.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

In these brief notes we document work using published microarray data (1, 2) to pioneer integrative transcriptome analysis comparing vulvar carcinoma to its tissue of origin, the vulva. We report the differential expression of MyoD family inhibitor, encoded by MDFI, in cancer of the vulva. MDFI may be of pertinence to understanding transformation and disease progression in vulvar cancer (3).
PERLINDUNGAN KARAKTER DARI PENGARUH NARKOBA TELAAH HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN WARGA NEGARA Revisi
Authors: Lutpiani Elpi
Published: October 2021

Anak adalah amanah sekaligus karunia Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang senantiasa harus kita jaga karena dalam dirinya melekat harkat, martabat, dan hak- hak sebagai manusia yang harus dijunjung tinggi. Perlindungan karakter anak didik dari perjalanan Narkoba merupakan sesuatu yang urgen dan harus dilaksanakan.Banyak anak yang sekarang ini kecanduan Narkoba. Maka dari itu, penanaman karakter kepada anak didik yang merupakan sesuatu yang cukup sulit harus dilaksanakan. Perlindungan tersebut dapat dinyatakan dalam bentuk preventif dan persuasif
Kathmandu Basin as a local modulator of seismic waves: 2D modelling of nonlinear site response under obliquely incident waves
Authors: Oral Elif , Ayoubi Peyman , Ampuero Jean Paul , Asimaki Domniki , Bonilla Luis
Published: October 2021

The 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake is the largest event to have struck the capital city of Kathmandu in recent times. One of its surprising features was the frequency content of the recorded ground motion, exhibiting a notable amplification at low frequencies (< 2 Hz) and a contrasting depletion at higher frequencies. The latter has been partially attributed to the damper behaviour of the Kathmandu basin. While such weak high-frequency ground motion helped avoiding severe damage in the city, the catastrophic outcomes of earlier earthquakes in the region attest to a contrasting role of the Kathmandu basin as a broadband amplifier, in addition to possible source effects. Given the possibility of future strong events in the region, our main objective is to elucidate the seismic behaviour of the Kathmandu basin by focusing on site effects. We numerically model 2D P-SV wave propagation in a broad frequency band (up to 10 Hz), incorporating the most recent data for the Kathmandu basin geometry, soil stratigraphy and geotechnical soil properties, and accounting for the non-linear effect of multi-dimensional soil plasticity on wave propagation. We find that: 1) the Kathmandu basin generally amplifies low frequency ground motion (< 2 Hz); 2) waves with large incidence angles relative to vertical can dramatically amplify the high frequency ground motion with respect to bedrock despite the damping effect of soil nonlinearity; 3) the spatial distribution of peak ground motion amplitudes along the basin is highly sensitive to soil nonlinearity and wave incidence (angle and direction), favoring larger values near the basin edges located closer to the source, as observed during the 2015 event. Our modelling approach and findings can support the ongoing resilience practices in Nepal and can guide future seismic hazard assessment studies for other sites that feature similar complexities in basin geometry, soil stratigraphy and dynamic soil behaviour.