bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USP48 restrains resection by site-specific cleavage of the BRCA1 ubiquitin mark from H2A
Authors: Uckelmann Michael , Densham Ruth M. , Baas Roy , Winterwerp Herrie H. K. , Fish Alexander , Sixma Titia K. , Morris Joanna R.
Published: January 2018

BRCA1-BARD1-catalyzed ubiquitination of histone H2A is an important regulator of the DNA damage response, priming chromatin for repair by homologous recombination. However, no specific deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are known to antagonize this function. Here we identify ubiquitin specific protease-48 (USP48) as a H2A DUB, specific for the C-terminal BRCA1 ubiquitination site. Detailed biochemical analysis shows that an auxiliary ubiquitin, an additional ubiquitin that itself does not get cleaved, modulates USP48 activity, which has possible implications for its regulation in vivo. In cells we reveal that USP48 antagonizes BRCA1 E3 ligase function and in BRCA1-proficient cells loss of USP48 results in positioning 53BP1 further from the break site and in extended resection lengths. USP48 repression confers a survival benefit to cells treated with camptothecin and its activity acts to restrain gene conversion and mutagenic single-strand annealing. We propose that USP48 promotes genome stability by antagonizing BRCA1 E3 ligase function.
Copper sulfide nanoparticles as a photothermal switch for TRPV1 signaling to attenuate atherosclerosis
Authors: Gao Wen , Sun Yuhui , Cai Michelle , Zhao Yujie , Cao Wenhua , Liu Zhenhua , Cui Guanwei , Tang Bo
Published: January 2018

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipids within the arterial wall. Although activation of TRPV1 cation channels by capsaicin may reduce lipid storage and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, a clinical use for capsaicin has been limited by its chronic toxicity. Here we show that coupling of copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles to antibodies targeting TRPV1 act as a photothermal switch for TRPV1 signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) using near-infrared light. Upon irradiation, local increases of temperature open thermo-sensitive TRPV1 channels and cause Ca2+ influx. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ activates autophagy and impedes foam cell formation in VSMCs treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein. In vivo, CuS-TRPV1 allows photoacoustic imaging of the cardiac vasculature and reduces lipid storage and plaque formation in ApoE−/− mice fed a high-fat diet, with no obvious long-term toxicity. Together, this suggests CuS-TRPV1 may represent a therapeutic tool to locally and temporally attenuate atherosclerosis.
Escape from thymic deletion and anti-leukemic effects of T cells specific for hematopoietic cell-restricted antigen
Authors: Ju Ji-Min , Jung Min Ho , Nam Giri , Kim Woojin , Oh Sehwa , Kim Hyun Duk , Kim Joo Young , Chang Jun , Lee Sung Hak , Park Gyeong Sin , Min Chang-Ki , Lee Dong-Sup , Kim Moon Gyo , Choi Kyungho , Choi Eun Young
Published: January 2018

Whether hematopoietic cell-restricted distribution of antigens affects the degree of thymic negative selection has not been investigated in detail. Here, we show that T cells specific for hematopoietic cell-restricted antigens (HRA) are not completely deleted in the thymus, using the mouse minor histocompatibility antigen H60, the expression of which is restricted to hematopoietic cells. As a result, low avidity T cells escape from thymic deletion. This incomplete thymic deletion occurs to the T cells developing de novo in the thymus of H60-positive recipients in H60-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT). H60-specific thymic deletion escapee CD8+T cells exhibit effector differentiation potentials in the periphery and contribute to graft-versus-leukemia effects in the recipients of H60-mismatched BMT, regressing H60+hematological tumors. These results provide information essential for understanding thymic negative selection and developing a strategy to treat hematological tumors.
Quantum non-Gaussian multiphoton light
Authors: Straka Ivo , Lachman Lukáš , Hloušek Josef , Miková Martina , Mičuda Michal , Ježek Miroslav , Filip Radim
Published: January 2018

We propose an experimental method of recognizing quantum non-Gaussian multiphoton states. This is a native quantum property of Fock states, the fundamental quantum states with a constant number of particles. Our method allows experimental development and characterization of higher Fock states of light, reaching even beyond the current technical limits of their generation. We experimentally demonstrate that it is capable of distinguishing realistic quantum non-Gaussian light with the mean number of photons up to five despite detection efficiency of 50%. We also provide evidence that our method can help to distinguish the number of single-photon emitters based only on their collective emission.
Electron beam melting in the fabrication of three-dimensional mesh titanium mandibular prosthesis scaffold
Authors: Yan Rongzeng , Luo Danmei , Huang Haitao , Li Runxin , Yu Niu , Liu Changkui , Hu Min , Rong Qiguo
Published: January 2018

The study was designed to fulfill effective work-flow to fabricate three-dimensional mesh titanium scaffold for mandibular reconstruction. The 3D titanium mesh scaffold was designed based on a volunteer with whole mandible defect. (1) acquisition of the CT data; (2) design with computer aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA). The pore size and intervals with the best mechanic strength was also calculated using FEA. (3) fabrication of the scaffold using electron beam melting (EBM); (4) implantation surgery. The case recovered well, without loosening and rejection. Additionally, 12 mandibular defect model beagles were used to verify the results. The model was established via tooth extraction and mandibular resection surgeries, and the scaffold was designed individually based on CT data obtained at 2 weeks after extraction operation. Then scaffolds were fabricated using 3D EBM, and the implantation surgery was performed at 2 months after extraction operation. All the animals healed well after implantation, and the grafted mandibular recovered well with time. The relevant parameters of the grafted mandibular were nearly to the native mandibular at postoperative 12 months. It is feasible to fabricate mesh titanium scaffold for repairing mandibular defects individually using reverse engineering, CAD and EBM techniques.
A diverse mammal-dominated, footprint assemblage from wetland deposits in the Lower Cretaceous of Maryland
Authors: Stanford Ray , Lockley Martin G. , Tucker Compton , Godfrey Stephen , Stanford Sheila M.
Published: January 2018

A newly discovered assemblage of predominantly small tracks from the Cretaceous Patuxent Formation at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, reveals one of the highest track densities and diversities ever reported (~70 tracks, representing at least eight morphotypes from an area of only ~2 m2). The assemblage is dominated by small mammal tracks including the new ichnotxon Sederipes goddardensis, indicating sitting postures. Small crow-sized theropod trackways, the first from this unit, indicate social trackmakers and suggest slow-paced foraging behavior. Tracks of pterosaurs, and other small vertebrates suggest activity on an organic-rich substrate. Large well-preserved sauropod and nodosaurs tracks indicate the presence of large dinosaurs. The Patuxent Formation together with the recently reported Angolan assemblage comprise the world’s two largest Mesozoic mammal footprint assemblages. The high density of footprint registration at the NASA site indicates special preservational and taphonomic conditions. These include early, penecontemporaneous deposition of siderite in organic rich, reducing wetland settings where even the flesh of body fossils can be mummified. Thus, the track-rich ironstone substrates of the Patuxent Formation, appear to preserve a unique vertebrate ichnofacies, with associated, exceptionally-preserved body fossil remains for which there are currently no other similar examples preserved in the fossil record.
An engineered CARS substrate with giant field enhancement in crisscross dimer nanostructure
Authors: Zhang Jia , Chen Shu , Wang Junqiao , Mu Kaijun , Fan Chunzhen , Liang Erjun , Ding Pei
Published: January 2018

We theoretically investigate the optical properties of a nanostructure consisting of the two identical and symmetrically arranged crisscrosses. A plasmonic Fano resonance is induced by a strong interplay between bright mode and dark modes, where the bright mode is due to electric dipole resonance while dark modes originate from the magnetic dipole induced by LC resonances. In this article, we find that the electric field “hotspots” corresponding to three different wavelengths can be positioned at the same spatial position, and its spectral tunability is achieved by changing geometric parameters. The crisscrosses system can be designed as a plasmonic substrate for enhancing Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) signal. This discovery provides a new method to achieve single molecule detection. At the same time, it also has many important applications for multi-photon imaging and other nonlinear optical processes, such as four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman scattering.
Novel analgesic effects of melanin-concentrating hormone on persistent neuropathic and inflammatory pain in mice
Authors: Jang Jae-Hwan , Park Ji-Yeun , Oh Ju-Young , Bae Sun-Jeong , Jang Hyunchul , Jeon Songhee , Kim Jongpil , Park Hi-Joon
Published: January 2018

The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a peptidergic neuromodulator synthesized by neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta. MCHergic neurons project throughout the central nervous system, indicating the involvements of many physiological functions, but the role in pain has yet to be determined. In this study, we found that pMCH−/− mice showed lower baseline pain thresholds to mechanical and thermal stimuli than did pMCH+/+ mice, and the time to reach the maximum hyperalgesic response was also significantly earlier in both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. To examine its pharmacological properties, MCH was administered intranasally into mice, and results indicated that MCH treatment significantly increased mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in both pain models. Antagonist challenges with naltrexone (opioid receptor antagonist) and AM251 (cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist) reversed the analgesic effects of MCH in both pain models, suggesting the involvement of opioid and cannabinoid systems. MCH treatment also increased the expression and activation of CB1R in the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral- and ventrolateral periaqueductal grey. The MCH1R antagonist abolished the effects induced by MCH. This is the first study to suggest novel analgesic actions of MCH, which holds great promise for the application of MCH in the therapy of pain-related diseases.
Twelve thousand recent patellogastropods from a northeastern Pacific latitudinal gradient
Authors: Kahanamoku Sara S. , Hull Pincelli M. , Lindberg David R. , Hsiang Allison Y. , Clites Erica C. , Finnegan Seth
Published: January 2018

Body size distributions can vary widely among communities, with important implications for ecological dynamics, energetics, and evolutionary history. Here we present a dataset of body size and shape for 12,035 extant Patellogastropoda (true limpet) specimens from the collections of the University of California Museum of Paleontology, compiled using a novel high-throughput morphometric imaging method. These specimens were collected over the past 150 years at 355 localities along a latitudinal gradient ranging from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico and are presented here with individual images, 2D outline coordinates, and 2D measurements of body size and shape. This dataset provides a resource for assemblage-scale macroecological questions and documents the size and diversity of recent patellogastropods in the northeastern Pacific.
Nonthermal optical emission spectrometry for simultaneous and direct determination of zinc, cadmium and mercury in spray
Authors: Cai Yi , Gao Xin-Gang , Ji Zhi-Na , Yu Yong-Liang , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: January 2018

A nonthermal optical emission spectrometry is developed for the simultaneous and direct determination of zinc, cadmium and mercury in spray.
Time-resolved visual detection of heparin by accelerated etching of gold nanorods
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Hong Zhi , Liu Jia Jun , Yuan Dan , Li Rong Sheng , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: January 2018

Plasmonic gold nanorods are promising and sensitive light scattering probes, which can reach the single particle level. Herein, we present the scattering properties of gold nanorods for time-resolved visual detection of heparin based on the rapid etching of gold nanorods under dark-field microscopy.
Visible-light-induced multicomponent cascade cycloaddition involving N-propargyl aromatic amines, diaryliodonium salts and sulfur dioxide: rapid access to 3-arylsulfonylquinolines
Authors: Sun Deli , Yin Kun , Zhang Ronghua
Published: January 2018

A visible-light-induced, Eosin Y catalyzed three-component synthesis of 3-arylsulfonylquinoline derivatives through N-propargyl aromatic amines, diaryliodonium salts and sulfur dioxide has been discovered.
Diverse bimetallic mechanisms emerging from transition metal Lewis acid/base pairs: development of co-catalysis with metal carbenes and metal carbonyl anions
Authors: Mankad Neal P.
Published: January 2018

The rational development of catalytic reactions involving cooperative behavior between two catalytic reactive sites represents a frontier area of research from which novel reactivity and selectivity patterns emerge.
Ubiquitous deprotonation of terephthalic acid in the self-assembled phases on Cu(100)
Authors: Quiroga Argañaraz B. , Cristina L. J. , Rodríguez L. M. , Cossaro A. , Verdini A. , Floreano L. , Fuhr J. D. , Gayone J. E. , Ascolani H.
Published: January 2018

We performed an exhaustive study of terephthalic acid (TPA) self-assembly on a Cu(100) surface, where first-layer molecules display three sequential phase transitions in the 200–400 K temperature range, corresponding to different stages of molecular deprotonation.
Computational analysis of carbohydrate recognition based on hybrid QM/MM modeling: a case study of norovirus capsid protein in complex with Lewis antigen
Authors: Ishida Toyokazu
Published: January 2018

Computational modeling of carbohydrate recognition in norovirus capsid protein.
Pressure-induced chemical reactions in the N2(H2)2compound: from the N2and H2species to ammonia and back down into hydrazine
Authors: Laniel D. , Svitlyk V. , Weck G. , Loubeyre P.
Published: January 2018

Two series of pressure induced chemical reactions in N2–H2mixtures are reported where, upon decompression, the synthesized ammonia transforms into hydrazine.
Friction induced structural transformations of water monolayers at graphene/Cu interfaces
Authors: Cai Haifang , Guo Yufeng , Guo Wanlin
Published: January 2018

The strong association of friction characteristics with structural transformations of water monolayers at graphene/Cu interfaces.
The ortho-benzyne cation is not planar
Authors: Kaiser D. , Reusch E. , Hemberger P. , Bodi A. , Welz E. , Engels B. , Fischer I.
Published: January 2018

Mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation and high-level quantum chemical computations revealed that the ground state of the ortho-benzyne cation exhibits a twisted geometry and that the ionisation energies have to be revised.
Hierarchical 3D NiFe2O4@MnO2 core–shell nanosheet arrays on Ni foam for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Xinyang , Zhang Ziqing , Sun Shuanggan , Sun Qiushi , Liu Xiaoyang
Published: January 2018

Hierarchical NiFe2O4@MnO2 core–shell nanosheet arrays synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method with successive annealing exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance.
Papain-catalysed mechanochemical synthesis of oligopeptides by milling and twin-screw extrusion: application in the Juliá–Colonna enantioselective epoxidation
Authors: Ardila-Fierro Karen J. , Crawford Deborah E. , Körner Andrea , James Stuart L. , Bolm Carsten , Hernández José G.
Published: January 2018

Chemoenzymatic oligomerisation of l-amino acids was successfully developed using mechanochemical techniques.
On-chip functional neuroimaging with mechanical stimulation inCaenorhabditis eleganslarvae for studying development and neural circuits
Authors: Cho Yongmin , Oakland David N. , Lee Sol Ah , Schafer William R. , Lu Hang
Published: January 2018

New designs of microfluidic devices can facilitate recording ofC. eleganslarvae neuronal responses to precise mechanical stimuli, which reveal new understanding of development of mechanosensory neurons and circuits.
γ-Fe2O3@Cu3Al-LDH-N-amidinoglycine: a new amphoteric and reusable magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of new pyrimidonaphthyridine derivatives and their antioxidant and antifungal activity evaluation
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Ghaemi Masoumeh , Karamian Roya , abbasi Younes , Ghasemlou Fatemeh , Asadbegy Mostafa
Published: January 2018

γ-Fe2O3@Cu3Al-LDH-N-amidinoglycine as a new amphoteric nanocatalyst for the synthesis of pyrimidonaphthyridine derivatives.
Synthesis and properties of five ring fused aromatic compounds based on S,S-dioxide benzothiophene
Authors: Zhang Yuhao , Peng Feng , He Ruifeng , Ying Lei , Yang Wei , Cao Yong
Published: January 2018

Asymmetrical five ring fused compounds based on S,S-dioxide benzothiophene, BTOF and BTOCz, have wide bandgaps and deep HOMO and LUMO levels.
Detection of trace leucomalachite green with a nanoprobe of CdTe quantum dots coated with molecularly imprinted silica via synchronous fluorescence quenching
Authors: Yang Ji , Wu Ming-Hui , Lin Zheng-Zhong , Huang Zhi-Yong
Published: January 2018

A novel fluorescence nanoprobe using CdTe quantum dots as signal sources coated with a molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized by a reverse microemulsion method.
Synthesis, biological evaluation, substitution behaviour and DFT study of Pd(ii) complexes incorporating benzimidazole derivative
Authors: Mitra Ishani , Mukherjee Subhajit , Reddy B. Venkata P. , Misini Bashkim , Das Payel , Dasgupta Subrata , Linert Wolfgang , Moi Sankar Ch.
Published: January 2018

Pd(ii) complexes with good DNA/BSA binding ability exhibit cytotoxicity comparable to cisplatin on different cancer cells along with reduced toxicity towards normal cells.
Porous gold nanocluster-decorated manganese monoxide nanocomposites for microenvironment-activatable MR/photoacoustic/CT tumor imaging
Authors: Liu Yu , Lv Xiaolin , Liu Heng , Zhou Zijian , Huang Jianpan , Lei Shenglan , Cai Shuhui , Chen Zhong , Guo Yanli , Chen Zhiwei , Zhou Xi , Nie Liming
Published: January 2018

Stimuli-responsive nanoprobes that integrate multi-modal imaging capacities are highly desirable for precise tumor visualization.
Correction: A mannose-conjugated multi-layered polymeric nanocarrier system for controlled and targeted release on alveolar macrophages
Authors: Praphakar Rajendran Amarnath , Shakila Harshavardhan , Azger Dusthackeer Vijayan N. , Munusamy Murugan A. , Kumar Suresh , Rajan Mariappan
Published: January 2018

Correction for ‘A mannose-conjugated multi-layered polymeric nanocarrier system for controlled and targeted release on alveolar macrophages’ by Rajendran Amarnath Praphakar et al., Polym. Chem., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7py02000g.
Temporal feature vector for video analysis and retrieval in high efficiency video coding compressed domain
Authors: Rahmani F. , Zargari F.
Published: January 2018

A new feature vector based on motion structure of video sequences is proposed which can be used independently or along with motion vectors in video analysis and retrieval applications. The proposed feature vector employs size of prediction units (PUs) in P and B frames of high efficiency video coding (HEVC) coded videos. The feature vector can be extracted by partial decoding of compressed video in the same decoding stage as motion vectors. Video retrieval application is selected to evaluate the performance of the new feature vector. In experimental evaluations, the proposed temporal feature vector independently shows on average 12% improvement in performance against motion vectors and by using it along with motion vectors, the performance of motion vector improves on average by 32% in average normalised modified retrieval rank (ANMRR) measure.
Examining the potential of floating car data for dynamic traffic management
Authors: Houbraken Maarten , Logghe Steven , Audenaert Pieter , Colle Didier , Pickavet Mario
Published: January 2018

Traditional traffic monitoring systems are mostly based on road side equipment (RSE) measuring traffic conditions throughout the day. With more and more GPS‐enabled connected devices, floating car data (FCD) has become an interesting source of traffic information, requiring only a fraction of the RSE infrastructure investment. While FCD is commonly used to derive historic travel times on individual roads and to evaluate other traffic data and algorithms, it could also be used in traffic management systems directly. However, as live systems only capture a small percentage of all traffic, its use in live operating systems needs to be examined. Here, the authors investigate the potential of FCD to be used as input data for live automated traffic management systems. The FCD in this study is collected by a live country‐wide FCD system in the Netherlands covering 6–8% of all vehicles. The (anonymised) data is first compared to available road side measurements to show the current quality of FCD. It is then used in a dynamic speed management system and compared to the installed system on the studied highway. Results indicate the FCD set‐up can approximate the installed system, showing the feasibility of a live system.
Miniaturisation of printed slot antennas using artificial magnetic conductors
Authors: Jafargholi Ali , Jafargholi Amir
Published: January 2018

The capability of complementary capacitively loaded loop (CCLL) metamaterial (MTM) to miniaturise printed slot antenna is examined. This study presents a planar compact antenna with the overall size of 15 × 9 mm2 for handheld/portable applications. The antenna is comprised of four sections: coupled‐fed, a parasitic line, a CCLL‐MTM, and a slot. It is shown that CCLL‐MTM exhibits a magnetic behaviour through the frequency band of 2820–3200 MHz, which causes antenna miniaturisation while simultaneously helps radiation enhancement. To validate the simulation results, a prototype of the antenna is fabricated and tested. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement results is obtained.
Leakage error measurement of vector network analyser in National Institute of Metrology (Thailand)
Authors: Sittakul Vitawat , Hongthong Sirivat , Pasakawee Sarinya
Published: January 2018

This study proposes a method to measure the leakage error of vector network analyser (VNA) in the National Institute of Metrology of Thailand (NIMT). To achieve this, a leakage model of the VNA is presented and analysed. Here, a programmable attenuator is represented as device under test (DUT) with an attenuation of ADUT and a fixed attenuator with an attenuation of AL is used to represent the radio frequency (RF) attenuation in air between the two ports of the VNA. The DUT is first analysed in terms of phase and attenuation as a function of frequency to represent any RF device with a constant insertion loss. Second, the phase shifter is adjusted to vary the phase of DUT. Also, the amplitude and phase of the leakage signal are measured as a function of (AL−ADUT) and they are compared with the mathematical model of leakage error. Finally, the maximum amplitude deviation of the leakage signal can be used as an uncertainty budget of leakage error of the VNA.
Measuring the Hubble constant with Type Ia supernovae as near-infrared standard candles
Authors: Dhawan Suhail , Jha Saurabh W. , Leibundgut Bruno
Published: January 2018

The most precise local measurements of H0 rely on observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) coupled with Cepheid distances to SN Ia host galaxies. Recent results have shown tension comparing H0 to the value inferred from CMB observations assuming ΛCDM, making it important to check for potential systematic uncertainties in either approach. To date, precise local H0 measurements have used SN Ia distances based on optical photometry, with corrections for light curve shape and colour. Here, we analyse SNe Ia as standard candles in the near-infrared (NIR), where luminosity variations in the supernovae and extinction by dust are both reduced relative to the optical. From a combined fit to 9 nearby calibrator SNe with host Cepheid distances from Riess et al. (2016) and 27 SNe in the Hubble flow, we estimate the absolute peak J magnitude MJ = −18.524 ± 0.041 mag and H0 = 72.8 ± 1.6 (statistical) ±2.7 (systematic) km s-1 Mpc-1. The 2.2% statistical uncertainty demonstrates that the NIR provides a compelling avenue to measuring SN Ia distances, and for our sample the intrinsic (unmodeled) peak J magnitude scatter is just ~0.10 mag, even without light curve shape or colour corrections. Our results do not vary significantly with different sample selection criteria, though photometric calibration in the NIR may be a dominant systematic uncertainty. Our findings suggest that tension in the competing H0 distance ladders is likely not a result of supernova systematics that could be expected to vary between optical and NIR wavelengths, like dust extinction. We anticipate further improvements in H0 with a larger calibrator sample of SNe Ia with Cepheid distances, more Hubble flow SNe Ia with NIR light curves, and better use of the full NIR photometric data set beyond simply the peak J-band magnitude.
Simulations of fully deformed oscillating flux tubes
Authors: Karampelas K. , Van Doorsselaere T.
Published: January 2018

Context. In recent years, a number of numerical studies have been focusing on the significance of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in the dynamics of oscillating coronal loops. This process enhances the transfer of energy into smaller scales, and has been connected with heating of coronal loops, when dissipation mechanisms, such as resistivity, are considered. However, the turbulent layer is expected near the outer regions of the loops. Therefore, the effects of wave heating are expected to be confined to the loop’s external layers, leaving their denser inner parts without a heating mechanism.

Aim. In the current work we aim to study the spatial evolution of wave heating effects from a footpoint driven standing kink wave in a coronal loop.

Methods. Using the MPI-AMRVAC code, we performed ideal, three dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of footpoint driven transverse oscillations of a cold, straight coronal flux tube, embedded in a hotter environment. We have also constructed forward models for our simulation using the FoMo code.

Results. The developed transverse wave induced Kelvin–Helmholtz (TWIKH) rolls expand throughout the tube cross-section, and cover it entirely. This turbulence significantly alters the initial density profile, leading to a fully deformed cross section. As a consequence, the resistive and viscous heating rate both increase over the entire loop cross section. The resistive heating rate takes its maximum values near the footpoints, while the viscous heating rate at the apex.

Conclusions. We conclude that even a monoperiodic driver can spread wave heating over the whole loop cross section, potentially providing a heating source in the inner loop region. Despite the loop’s fully deformed structure, forward modelling still shows the structure appearing as a loop.
High repetition rate Petawatt lasers
Authors: Roso Luis
Published: January 2018

Petawatt lasers are now available in a number of facilities around the world and are becoming a very useful tool in physics and engineering. Some of such lasers are able -or will be able soon- to fire at high repetition rates (one shot per second or more). Experiments at such repetition rates have certain peculiarities that are to be briefly exposed here, based on the author’s experience with the Salamanca VEGA-3 laser. VEGA-3 is a 30 fs PW laser, firing one shot per second.
Numerical studies of acceleration of thorium ions by a laser pulse of ultra-relativistic intensity
Authors: Domanski Jaroslaw , Badziak Jan
Published: January 2018

One of the key scientific projects of ELI-Nuclear Physics is to study the production of extremely neutron-rich nuclides by a new reaction mechanism called fission-fusion using laser-accelerated thorium (232Th) ions. This research is of crucial importance for understanding the nature of the creation of heavy elements in the Universe; however, they require Th ion beams of very high beam fluencies and intensities which are inaccessible in conventional accelerators. This contribution is a first attempt to investigate the possibility of the generation of intense Th ion beams by a fs laser pulse of ultra-relativistic intensity. The investigation was performed with the use of fully electromagnetic relativistic particle-in-cell code. A sub-μm thorium target was irradiated by a circularly polarized 20-fs laser pulse of intensity up to 1023 W/cm2, predicted to be attainable at ELI-NP. At the laser intensity ~ 1023 W/cm2 and an optimum target thickness, the maximum energies of Th ions approach 9.3 GeV, the ion beam intensity is > 1020 W/cm2 and the total ion fluence reaches values ~ 1019 ions/cm2. The last two values are much higher than attainable in conventional accelerators and are fairly promising for the planned ELI-NP experiment.
Spectral gain investigation of large size OPCPA based on partially deuterated KDP
Authors: Galimberti Marco , Boyle Alexis , Musgrave Ian O. , Oliveira Pedro , Pepler Dave , Shaikh Waseem , Winstone Trevor B. , Wyatt Adam , Hernandez–Gomez Cristina
Published: January 2018

The Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification is one of the most promising techniques to deliver 20PW laser system. The already available KD*P in large size is a good candidate as nonlinear crystal. In this article we report the experimental analysis of the spectral small signal gain for KD*P at 70% deuteration level for different phase matching and non-collinear angle. The data is also compared with a theoretical model.
Characterization of X-ray emission from laser generated plasma
Authors: Cannavò Antonino , Torrisi Lorenzo , Ceccio Giovanni , Cutroneo Mariapompea , Calcagno Lucia , Sciuto Antonella , Mazzillo Massimo
Published: January 2018

X-ray emission from laser generated plasma was studied at low (1010 W/cm2) and high (1018 W/cm2) intensity using ns and fs laser, respectively. Plasma characteristics were controlled trough the laser parameters, the irradiation conditions and the target properties. The X-ray spectra were acquired using fast detection technique based on SiC diodes with different active regions. The X-ray yield increases with the atomic number of the target, both at low and high intensity, and a similar empirical law has been obtained. The X-ray emission mechanisms from plasma are correlated to the plasma temperature and density and to the Coulomb charge particle acceleration, due to the charge separation effects produced in the non-equilibrium plasma. Functional dependences, theoretical approaches and interpretation of possible mechanism will be presented and discussed.
Diagnostics of Particles emitted from a Laser generated Plasma: Experimental Data and Simulations
Authors: Costa Giuseppe , Torrisi Lorenzo
Published: January 2018

The charge particle emission form laser-generated plasma was studied experimentally and theoretically using the COMSOL simulation code. The particle acceleration was investigated using two lasers at two different regimes. A Nd:YAG laser, with 3 ns pulse duration and 1010W/cm2intensity, when focused on solid target produces a non-equilibrium plasma with average temperature of about 30-50 eV. An Iodine laser with 300 ps pulse duration and 1016W/cm2intensity produces plasmas with average temperatures of the order of tens keV. In both cases charge separation occurs and ions and electrons are accelerated at energies of the order of 200 eV and 1 MeV per charge state in the two cases, respectively. The simulation program permits to plot the charge particle trajectories from plasma source in vacuum indicating how they can be deflected by magnetic and electrical fields. The simulation code can be employed to realize suitable permanent magnets and solenoids to deflect ions toward a secondary target or detectors, to focalize ions and electrons, to realize electron traps able to provide significant ion acceleration and to realize efficient spectrometers. In particular it was applied to the study two Thomson parabola spectrometers able to detect ions at low and at high laser intensities. The comparisons between measurements and simulation is presented and discussed.
Aneutronic pB-Reaction in Magnetized Inertial Confined Plasma of Laser-Accelerated Particles
Authors: Gus’kov Sergey , Korneev Philipp
Published: January 2018

A brief review on studies aimed at initiating a neutronless nuclear reaction between protons and boron nuclei is presented. The least energy-cost of a currently known approach to ignition of pB reaction is proposed using a petawatt laser for producing a magnetized plasma of laser-accelerated ions and electrons as well as using a terawatt laser for inertial confinement of such a plasma.
Synthesis by picosecond laser ablation of ligand-free Ag
and Au nanoparticles for SERS applications
Authors: Fazio Enza , Spadaro Salvatore , Santoro Marco , Trusso Sebastiano , Lucotti Andrea. , Tommasini Matteo. , Neri Fortunato , Maria Ossi Paolo
Published: January 2018

The morphological and optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles prepared by picosecond laser generated plasmas in water were investigated. First, the ablation efficiency was maximized searching the optimal focusing conditions. The nanoparticle size, measured by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, strongly depends on the laser fluence, keeping fixed the other deposition parameters such as the target to scanner objective distance and laser repetition frequency. STEM images indicate narrow gradients of NP sizes. Hence the optimization of ablation parameters favours a fine tuning of nanoparticles. UV-Visible spectroscopy helped to determine the appropriate laser wavelength to resonantly excite the localized surface plasmon to carry out Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) measurements. The SERS activity of Ag and Au substrates, obtained spraying the colloids synthesized in water, was tested using crystal violet as a probe molecule. The good SERS performance, observed at excitation wavelength 785 nm, is attributed to aggregation phenomena of nanoparticles sprayed on the support.
Use of the Femtosecond Lasers in Ophthalmology
Authors: Roszkowska Anna M , Urso Mario , Signorino Alberto , Aragona Pasquale
Published: January 2018

Femtosecond laser (FSL) is an infrared laser with a wavelength of 1053 nm. FS laser works producing photodisruption or photoionization of the optically transparent tissue such as cornea. Currently FS lasers have a wide range of applications in ophthalmic surgery. They are used above all in corneal surgery in refractive procedures and keratoplasty, and recently in cataract surgery. The use of the FSL in corneal refractive surgery includes LASIK flap creation, astigmatic keratotomy, Femtosecond Lenticule Extraction (FLEx), Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) and channels creation for implantation of the intrastromal corneal rings. As to the corneal grafting, the FS lasers are used in laser-assisted anterior and posterior lamellar keratoplasty and customized trephination in the penetrating keratoplasty. FS Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS) includes capsulorrhexis and nuclear fragmentation that enhance safety and efficacy of the procedure.
Static and dynamic characterization of biomedical polyethylene laser welding using biocompatible nano-particles
Authors: Visco Annamaria , Scolaro Cristina , Terracciano Teresa , Montanini Roberto , Quattrocchi Antonino , Torrisi Lorenzo , Restuccia Nancy
Published: January 2018

In this research, polymeric joints of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) sheets were realized and welded by a diode laser operating at 970 nm wavelength. One of the polymer sheet was doped, at different concentrations, with nano filler (carbon, titanium and silver nano-particles) in order to enhance the absorption coefficient at the laser wavelength. Laser operated in repetition rate with a maximum pulse energy 100 mJ, for times of the order of 1-60 s transporting the light trough a fiber with 300 μm diameter. The laser light has been transmitted by the transparent first polymer and absorbed on the face of the second doped polymer. At the interface of the two polymer foils, 0.5 mm thickness each, the released energy induces melting, assisted by pressure, producing a fast and resistant welding. Single lap and double lap geometries have been performed and studied by means of mechanical static (shear stress) and dynamical analysis. Effect of the different particles nature on the mechanical features of the joints has been evaluated. Morphological observation of the jointed areas are presented and discussed. Joints could be useful in biomedical field for their special features.
Laser Techniques on Acoustically Levitated Droplets
Authors: Cannuli Antonio , Caccamo Maria Teresa , Castorina Giuseppe , Colombo Franco , Magazù Salvatore
Published: January 2018

This work reports the results of an experimental study where laser techniques are applied to
acoustically levitated droplets of trehalose aqueous solutions in order to perform spectroscopic analyses as a function of concentration and to test the theoretical diameter law. The study of such systems is important in order to better understand the behaviour of trehalose-synthesizing extremophiles that live in extreme environments. In particular, it will be shown how acoustic levitation, combined with optical spectroscopic instruments allows to explore a wide concentration range and to test the validity of the diameter law as a function of levitation lag time, i.e. the D2 vs t law. On this purpose a direct diameter monitoring by a video camera and a laser pointer was first performed; then the diameter was also evaluated by an indirect measure through an OH/CH band area ratio analysis of collected Raman and Infrared spectra. It clearly emerges that D2 vs t follows a linear trend for about 20 minutes, reaching then a plateau at longer time. This result shows how trehalose is able to avoid total water evaporation, this property being essential for the surviving of organisms under extreme environmental conditions.
Gravitational Wave (GW) Classification, Space GW Detection Sensitivities and AMIGO (Astrodynamical Middle-frequency Interferometric GW Observatory)
Authors: Ni Wei-Tou
Published: January 2018

After first reviewing the gravitational wave (GW) spectral classification. we discuss the sensitivities of GW detection in space aimed at low frequency band (100 nHz–100 mHz) and middle frequency band (100 mHz–10 Hz). The science goals are to detect GWs from (i) Supermassive Black Holes; (ii) Extreme-Mass-Ratio Black Hole Inspirals; (iii) Intermediate-Mass Black Holes; (iv) Galactic Compact Binaries; (v) Stellar-Size Black Hole Binaries; and (vi) Relic GW Background. The detector proposals have arm length ranging from 100 km to 1.35×109 km (9 AU) including (a) Solar orbiting detectors and (b) Earth orbiting detectors. We discuss especially the sensitivities in the frequency band 0.1-10 μHz and the middle frequency band (0.1 Hz–10 Hz). We propose and discuss AMIGO as an Astrodynamical Middlefrequency Interferometric GW Observatory.
The binary progenitors of short and long GRBs and their gravitational-wave emission
Authors: Rueda J. A. , Ruffini R. , Rodriguez J. F. , Muccino M. , Aimuratov Y. , Barres de Almeida U. , Becerra L. , Bianco C. L. , Cherubini C. , Filippi S. , Kovacevic M. , Moradi R. , Pisani G. B. , Wang Y.
Published: January 2018

We have sub-classified short and long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) into seven families according to the binary nature of their progenitors. Short GRBs are produced in mergers of neutron-star binaries (NS-NS) or neutron star-black hole binaries (NS-BH). Long GRBs are produced via the induced gravitational collapse (IGC) scenario occurring in a tight binary system composed of a carbon-oxygen core (COcore) and a NS companion. The COcore explodes as type Ic supernova (SN) leading to a hypercritical accretion process onto the NS: if the accretion is sufficiently high the NS reaches the critical mass and collapses forming a BH, otherwise a massive NS is formed. Therefore long GRBs can lead either to NS-BH or to NS-NS binaries depending on the entity of the accretion. We discuss for the above compact-object binaries: 1) the role of the NS structure and the nuclear equation of state; 2) the occurrence rates obtained from X and gamma-rays observations; 3) the predicted annual number of detections by the Advanced LIGO interferometer of their gravitational-wave emission.
Standard sirens and dark sector with Gaussian process
Authors: Cai Rong-Gen , Yang Tao
Published: January 2018

The gravitational waves from compact binary systems are viewed as a standard siren to probe the evolution of the universe. This paper summarizes the potential and ability to use the gravitational waves to constrain the cosmological parameters and the dark sector interaction in the Gaussian process methodology. After briefly introducing the method to reconstruct the dark sector interaction by the Gaussian process, the concept of standard sirens and the analysis of reconstructing the dark sector interaction with LISA are outlined. Furthermore, we estimate the constraint ability of the gravitational waves on cosmological parameters with ET. The numerical methods we use are Gaussian process and the Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo. Finally, we also forecast the improvements of the abilities to constrain the cosmological parameters with ET and LISA combined with the Planck.
Experiments on the CMB Spectrum, Big Jets Model and Their Implications for the Missing Half of the Universe
Authors: Hsu Leonardo , Hsu Jong-Ping
Published: January 2018

Based on the limiting continuation of Lorentz-Poincaré invariance, we propose an alternative formulation of the generalized Planck distribution for inertial and noninertial frames. The Lorentz invariant Planck distribution law leads to a new physical interpretation of the dipole anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The Big Jets model predicts a distant ‘antimatter blackbody,’ whose radiations could make 50% of the sky very slightly warmer than the isotropic CMB temperature TCMB with a cosine function. The other 50% of the sky has the same isotropic temperature TCMB. Thus, we could have a pseudo-dipole anisotropy because the microwaves emitted from the antimatter blackbody are totally absorbed by our matter blackbody. We suggest that accurate data of satellite experiments might be used to search for the pseudo-dipole anisotropy and the missing half of the antimatter universe.
The revival of General Relativity at Princeton: Daring Conservatism
Authors: Brill Dieter , Blum Alexander
Published: January 2018

After General Relativity was established in essentially its present form in 1915 it was celebrated as a great success of mathematical physics. But the initial hopes for this theory as a basis for all of physics began to fade in the next several decades, as General Relativity was relegated to the margins of theoretical physics. Its fate began to rise in the 1950's in a revival of interest and research that over time made gravitational physics one of the hottest research topics it is today. One center of this renaissance was Princeton, where two relative newcomers explored new and different approaches to gravitational physics. Robert Dicke showed that gravity is not as inaccessible to experiment as was thought, and John Wheeler propelled it into the mainstream by proposing highly original and imaginative consequences of Einstein's theory. We will concentrate on these ideas that, in his characteristically intriguing style, Wheeler called "Daring Conservatism" -- a term well known to his associates, but one he never mentioned in print. With the aid of unpublished manuscripts and notes we will explore Daring Conservatism's origin and motivation, its successes and failures, and the legacy it left behind.
What can we learn from GRBs?
Authors: Muccino Marco , Ruffini Remo , Aimuratov Yerlan , Becerra Laura M. , Bianco Carlo L. , Karlica Mile , Kovacevic Milos , Melon Fuksman Julio D. , Moradi Rahim , Penacchioni Ana V. , Pisani Giovanni B. , Primorac Daria , Rueda Jorge A. , Shakeri Soroush , Vereshchagin Gregory V. , Xue She-Sheng , Wang Yu
Published: January 2018

We review our recent results on the classification of long and short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in different subclasses. We provide observational evidences for the binary nature of GRB progenitors. For long bursts the induced gravitational collapse (IGC) paradigm proposes as progenitor a tight binary system composed of a carbon-oxygen core (COcore) and a neutron star (NS) companion; the supernova (SN) explosion of the COcore triggers a hypercritical accretion process onto the companion NS. For short bursts a NS–NS merger is traditionally adopted as the progenitor. We also indicate additional sub-classes originating from different progenitors: (COcore)–black hole (BH), BH–NS, and white dwarf–NS binaries. We also show how the outcomes of the further evolution of some of these sub-classes may become the progenitor systems of other sub-classes.
Hamiltonian reduction of Einstein’s equations without isometries
Authors: Yoon Jong Hyuk
Published: January 2018

I apply the Hamiltonian reduction procedure to 4-dimensional spacetimes without isometries and find privileged spacetime coordinates in which the physical Hamiltonian is expressed in terms of the conformal two metric and its conjugate momentum. Physical time is the area element of the cross section of null hypersurface, and the physical radial coordinate is defined by equipotential surfaces on a given spacelike hypersurface of constant physical time. The physical Hamiltonian is local and positive in the privileged coordinates. Einstein’s equations in the privileged coordinates are presented as Hamilton’s equations of motions obtained from the physical Hamiltonian.
Quantum Gravity Effects in Cosmology
Authors: Gu Je-An , Pyo Kim Sang , Shen Che-Min
Published: January 2018

Within the geometrodynamic approach to quantum cosmology, we studied the quantum gravity effects in cosmology. The Gibbons-Hawking temperature is corrected by quantum gravity due to spacetime fluctuations and the power spectrum as well as any probe field will experience the effective temperature, a quantum gravity effect.
Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Emergent Gravity Picture
Authors: Seok Yang Hyun
Published: January 2018

We suggest that dark energy and dark matter may be a cosmic uroboros of quantum gravity due to the coherent vacuum structure of spacetime. We apply the emergent gravity to a large N matrix model by considering the vacuum in the noncommutative (NC) Coulomb branch satisfying the Heisenberg algebra. We observe that UV fluctuations in the NC Coulomb branch are always paired with IR fluctuations and these UV/IR fluctuations can be extended to macroscopic scales. We show that space-like fluctuations give rise to the repulsive gravitational force while time-like fluctuations generate the attractive gravitational force. When considering the fact that the fluctuations are random in nature and we are living in the (3+1)-dimensional spacetime, the ratio of the repulsive and attractive components will end in ¾ : ¼= 75 : 25 and this ratio curiously coincides with the dark composition of our current Universe. If one includes ordinary matters which act as the attractive gravitational force, the emergent gravity may explain the dark sector of our Universe more precisely.