bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral metastases of non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Hizemava V. A. , Dziameshka P. D.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common cause of brain metastases (BM). Adaptive stereotactic radiosurgery (ASRS) may be a useful option in the treatment of patients with large unresectable brain metastases (BM), but to date there are only a limited number of studies evaluating the effectiveness of this method.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of ASRS in patients with large BM NSCLC not subject to surgical resection.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 37 patients suffering from NSCLC with 45 large (>2 cm in diameter, volume >4 cm3) unresectable BM treated with the Gamma Knife Perfexion model using two- and three-fraction ASRS. Of these, 14 foci (31.1%) were metastases of squamous cell lung cancer, 31 (68.9%) were metastases of adenocarcinoma. The median volume of lesions treated with ASRS was 9.8 (range 4.6–30.6 cm3). The dynamics of volume changes between fractions and the cumulative incidence of local relapses (CILR) were studied, and ROC analysis was performed for the tumor volume parameter. Intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Statistics: To establish statistical significance of differences for related variables, the Wilcoxon test for pairwise comparisons and the Friedman test for three or more groups were used. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate local control, PFS, and OS rates. The log-rank test was used to compare survival data in two groups.

RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 19.4 months. With two-fraction ASRS, the median volume of metastasis decreased by 28.6% by the second session, with three-fraction — by 40.0% by the third session. The 1-year and 2-year CILR rates were 8.6±6.1%, respectively; 26.1±12.3%. In ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for tumor volume was 0.80 (95% CI 0.6– 1.0) with an optimal cutoff of 18.5 cm3. The differences in CILR between the groups with metastasis volume <18.5 cm3 and ≥18.5 cm3 were statistically significant (p<0.001). Median iPFS was 8.3 (95% CI 5.9–10.7) months, 1-year iPFS was 33.5±8.1%;2-year — 7.8±5.2%. Median OS was 13.2 (95% CI 9.0–17.4) months; 1-year OS — 52.9±8.7%, 2-year — 22.4±8.8%.

DISCUSSION: Using two- and three-fraction ASRS, we delivered doses to large BM sufficient for a high level of local control with an acceptable risk of neurotoxicity: 1-year local control was 91.4%; 2-year — 73.9%; the incidence of radionecrosis is 8.5%. A statistically significant effect of lesion volume ≥18.5 cm3 on the risk of local recurrence was found. The iPFS and OS indicators after ASRS can be considered satisfactory for this group of patients.

CONCLUSION: ASRS is an effective and perhaps optimal strategy for the treatment of large unresectable BM in patients with NSCLC, but comparison with other modern radiotherapy modalities such as stereotactic hypofractionated radiotherapy and WBRT with simultaneous integrated boost is needed.
Where Are They Now? Alumni Outcomes From a Medical School Primary Care Pathway Program
Authors: Reilly Jo Marie , Edge Isabel , Greenberg Ilana
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Many medical schools have implemented primary care tracks to increase the number of medical students pursuing primary care. The Primary Care Program (PCP) at the Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California is a 4-year primary care pathway that trains medical students to work in urban, underserved communities and has shown high student match rates into primary care residencies. This study evaluates the PCP graduates in residency and after residency, and assesses their career outcomes, their career characteristics, and the impact their PCP experience had on their careers.
Methods: All PCP alumni who graduated between 2015 and 2022 were invited to complete a 21-item Qualtrics (Qualtrics, LLC) survey. Descriptive data analysis was conducted through Qualtrics, and open-ended data were coded for themes.
Results: Seventy percent of PCP alumni (86/122) responded to the survey, with 65% (56/86) in residency/fellowship and 35% (30/86) in practice. Among those who matched into primary care residencies (61/86, 71%), the percentage that practiced or intended to practice general primary care was 70% (43/61). Respondents in practice (30) described their practice characteristics, including locations and payor mix consistent with majority underserved communities. Open-ended responses captured the impact that the PCP had on alumni’s careers, with themes including mentorship, friendship/community, educational/service experiences, future career, exposure to types/kinds of practice, and social determinants of health exposure.
Conclusions: PCP alumni credit this program with impacting their retention in primary care and their career trajectories. This program can serve as a model for other institutions to help increase the number of medical students who pursue primary care careers.
Corporate governance as the cornerstone of corporate sustainability and the role of adequate organizational structures
Authors: Coppola Guia
Published: October 2024

Corporate sustainability is a hot topic worldwide, and it is increasingly clear how it is connected to and depends on efficient governance. The purpose of this project is to investigate and emphasize the role of governance through appropriate organizational structures in the path toward corporate sustainability.
Operational excellence: Empirical insights in German family offices
Authors: Ulrich Patrick , Stockert Felix
Published: October 2024

This study explores the operational excellence of German family offices, organizations that exclusively manage the assets of wealthy families. Despite their discretion, family offices play a crucial role in sustainable and long-term asset management. The research utilized a standardized survey with 112 participants, focusing on the internal processes, digitalization, and sustainability within these offices. Findings reveal that while most family offices independently model their processes, there is a significant push towards digitalization and professionalization. However, challenges such as data management and transformation expertise persist. Future research should investigate the pace and effectiveness of these transformations, particularly in digital and sustainable practices
Governance of cybersecurity companies in combating cybercrime
Authors: Al-Mulla Muaath S. , Al Dhubaiee Mariam H.
Published: October 2024

This research study aims to analyze the policies, procedures, and processes adopted by cybersecurity companies for managing and predicting cyber risks and combating cybercrimes. To achieve the research objective the inductive approach. The study concludes that government laws are no longer able to confront cyber threats without the private sector’s participation, specifically cybersecurity companies, and investment therein, and the adoption of governance policy by those companies may obtain reasonable flexibility in preventing cybercrimes.
The comparison between the United States and Canada: Findings from inter-relationship among corporate governance, artificial intelligence, and innovation
Authors: Gouiaa Raef , Huang Run
Published: October 2024

Although research in the field of corporate governance has been exhaustive recently many scholars have focused on the relationship between corporate governance attributes and artificial intelligence (AI), corporate governance attributes, and corporate innovation, few studies combine corporate governance, AI, and corporate innovation. The main reason is due to the quantitative difficulties in measuring and distinguishing AI activities and corporate innovation activities in enterprises. This study examines the relationships among corporate governance attributes, AI, and corporate innovation in the context of the United States and Canada. Adopting a new perspective, we have tried to help resolve the issue using a content analysis that integrates data from over 100 companies that trade on National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) and TSX to analyze the relationship between board attributes, practice of AI and firm innovation for the time 2018–2022. The results suggest that particular aspects of boards, such as board size, board diversity, and ownership concentration show significant correlations with firm AI development and innovation for overall industries, but the levels of associations also vary depending on different innovation measurements and samples considered in specific industries. Moreover, the mediating effects of AI and innovation are examined, respectively. Lastly, we also discovered changes in the industry’s attention to AI development before and after COVID-19 (2020). This research offers implications to corporate decision-makers as to how to proceed if the intent is to offer commercialized AI advancements and successful breakthrough innovations.
Effects of La doping on diffused ferroelectric phase transition, electric and dielectric properties of lead-free SrBi2Ta2O9 ceramics
Authors: Afqir Mohamed , Fasquelle Didier , Tachafine Amina , Elaatmani Mohamed , Meng Yingzhi , Daoud Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Citric acid-assisted method was used to synthesize pure polycrystalline
La-doped SrBi2Ta2O9 powders which were uniaxially pressed and sintered under
different conditions. La doping of SrBi2Ta2O9 resulted in the shortening of
Ta-O bond lengths, but increased the unit cell volume and decreased the
crystallite size. The effect of sintering process on dielectric properties
was studied in order to find optimal sintering conditions. Dielectric loss,
measured at room temperature, increases when sintering temperature rises
from 1100 to 1200?C, as well as when sintering time increases from 6 to 9
h. Thus, further investigation was performed on the sample sintered at 1100?C for 6 h. The obvious change in ?? around TC and diffusive phase
transition, pronounced for the ceramics with higher La content, were
characteristic of the doped ceramics. The diffused ferroelectric phase
transition behaviour is caused by structural disorder at the Sr-sites (Sr,
Bi and La cations) in the Bi2O2 layers and perovskite blocks. The electrical
conductivity increases steadily at lower temperatures (below 200 ?C), but
shows a strong temperature- and frequency-dependent trend at higher
frequencies. La-doping decreases conductivity by hindering charge carriers?
long-distance mobility.
Bonding and Cleaning Effects of Irrigation Protocols Using Calcium Hypochlorite on the Post-space Radicular Dentin
Authors: Besegato JF , Bravo GR , Zaniboni JF , Belizário LG , de Almeida ENM , Gelio MB , Escalante-Otárola WG , Kuga MC
Published: October 2024

This study evaluated the effect of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (SH) or calcium hypochlorite (CH) submitted to passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) or conventional irrigation (CI) on the incidence of residues and the bond strength of the cementation system to post-space dentin. Distilled water (DW) and 2.5% SH followed by 17% EDTA (SH-ED) were used as negative and positive control groups, respectively. The cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the post space were evaluated. One hundred and twenty bovine incisors were endodontically treated and post-space preparation was performed. The specimens were randomly assigned to six groups, according to the solution and irrigation method: DW-CI, SH-ED-CI-SH, SH-CI, SH-PUI, CH-CI, and CH-PUI. The incidence of residues (n=10) over the dentin was evaluated by scores using SEM images. Other specimens were irrigated as previously described and the post cementation was immediately performed using a conventional dual resin cement and a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system. Push-out and failure modes were performed for bonding evaluation. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test for incidence of residues data and one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests for bond strength data were used at a significance level of 5%. The protocols that showed a lower incidence of residues were: SH-ED-CI-SH, SH-PUI, and CH-PUI for the cervical third and SH-ED-CI-SH for the middle third (p<0.05). In the apical third, the protocols were similar to each other (p>0.05). Bond strength values were higher after irrigation with DW-CI for all thirds (p<0.05). 2.5% sodium or calcium hypochlorite negatively impacted the adhesion interface and exhibited a greater incidence of residues over the post-space radicular dentin.
Анализ композиционно-речевых автономий в концепции профессора С. Г. Ильенко: к столетию со дня рождения
Authors: Мартьянова И.А.
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена анализу композиционно-речевых автономий (авторской, персонажной и несобственно-авторской речи) в концепции профессора С. Г. Ильенко. Ее исходным положением является переход от оценочной характеристики речи автора и персонажей к комплексному изучению их речевого поведения. Определяются перспективы актуальных лингвистических исследований композиционно-речевых автономий.

The article deals with the analysis of compositional speech autonomies (author's, character's and non-author's speech) in the conception of Professor S. G. Ilyenko. Its starting point is the transition from an estimated characteristic of the author's and characters’ speech to a comprehensive study of their speech behavior. The prospects for linguistic research of the compositional speech autonomies are identified.
Алгоритм построения стабильных деревьев в задаче регрессии
Authors: Мышлянов А.В. , Темкин И.О.
Published: October 2024

Данная статья посвящена описанию алгоритма решающих деревьев, применительно к задаче регрессии, учитывающих динамическую стабильность целевой переменной и данных в листьях. В статье приведен обзор существующих решений, в рамках которого обсуждаются недостатки известных подходов. Описаны возможные варианты функций потерь, по-разному учитывающих нестационарный характер независимых переменных относительно целевой переменной.

This article focuses on describing the algorithm of decision trees, applied to the regression problem, considering the dynamic stability of the target variable and the data in the leaves. The article provides an overview of existing solutions, in which the disadvantages of known approaches are discussed. The authors describe possible variants of loss functions, taking into account the non-stationary nature of the independent variables relative to the target variable in different ways.
Fremtidens handelhøyskoler
Authors: Doornich June Borge , Johannessen Trond Vegard
Published: October 2024

I de kommende årene vil Norge og verden stå overfor betydelige utfordringer, blant annet økte geopolitiske spenninger, press på internasjonalt samarbeid, voksende sosial ulikhet og polarisering, klimaendringer, en aldrende befolkning, økt migrasjonspress, trangere økonomisk handlingsrom og stadig raskere teknologisk utvikling. Hva innebærer disse utviklingene for de ferdighetene og den kompetansen som fremtidige økonomer må ha for å kunne utvikle, omstille og lede næringsvirksomheter i lys av de nasjonale og internasjonale utfordringene vi står overfor? Handelshøyskolene utdanner kandidater som vil få viktige posisjoner i samfunnet, og de har et betydelig samfunnsansvar, men også stor makt. Hvordan sikrer handelshøyskolene at utdanningene er faglig oppdaterte og relevante i takt med den globale utviklingen? Og hvordan kan utdanningsinstitusjonene bidra til å dekke behovet for livslang læring blant allerede uteksaminerte kandidater?
Annethvert år arrangeres ØA-konferansen, en fagkonferanse for økonomisk-administrative utdanninger i Norge, der handelshøyskolene er sentrale. Konferansens formål er å fremme nettverksbygging og samarbeid om utvikling av utdanningskvalitet gjennom dialog og deling av erfaringer og vitenskapelige tilnærminger til undervisning og læring. Årets ØA-konferanse, som ble avholdt i Drammen i mai, satte søkelys på fremtidens handelshøyskoler, med vekt på hvordan utviklingstrekkene former våre utdanninger, og hvilke kunnskaper, ferdigheter og kompetanser studentene trenger for å være relevante og fremtidsrettede bidragsytere i møte med denne utviklingen.
Fremtidens handelshøyskoler må formes ved å utforske og utfordre våre egne fagmiljøer for å forstå hvordan utviklingstrekkene kan integreres i utdanningsprogrammer, læringsutbytter og læringsmetodikker. Vi må utdanne økonomer, ledere og administratorer som er relevante for morgendagen, og som har både drivkraft og skaperkraft til å utvikle fremtidens samfunn og næringsliv. Dette temanummeret har som mål å bidra til å utvikle fremtidens handelshøyskoler gjennom deling og formidling av vitenskapelig forskning og fagartikler fra fagmiljøene.
MIGRAÇÃO LABORAL FEMININO: O PAPEL DAS POLÍTICAS DE CONCILIAÇÃO ENTRE TRABALHO E FAMÍLIA NA MELHORIA DAS CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO
Authors: Oliveira Rose Alves de , Alves Gláucio Simão , Lopes Marcus Vinícius
Published: October 2024

A migração laboral feminina é um fenômeno em expansão nas últimas décadas, impulsionado por fatores socioeconômicos, mudanças nas dinâmicas familiares e desigualdades regionais. As mulheres migrantes enfrentam múltiplos desafios ao ingressarem no mercado de trabalho em seus países de destino, sendo a conciliação entre trabalho e família um dos principais obstáculos. As políticas públicas que visam à conciliação entre essas esferas desempenham um papel crucial na melhoria das condições de trabalho dessas mulheres, proporcionando-lhes maior estabilidade e qualidade de vida. Este estudo tem em vista explorar o impacto dessas políticas na vida das mulheres migrantes e como elas influenciam sua inserção e permanência no mercado de trabalho. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o papel das políticas de conciliação entre trabalho e família na melhoria das condições de trabalho das mulheres migrantes, discutindo como essas medidas podem mitigar os desafios enfrentados por elas, especialmente no que diz respeito à sobrecarga de trabalho e às demandas familiares.  A metodologia utilizada para a realização deste estudo foi a revisão bibliográfica. Foram consultados artigos científicos, livros e monografias relevantes nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico e SciELO. A pesquisa focou em publicações sobre migração laboral feminina, políticas de conciliação entre trabalho e família, condições de trabalho e vulnerabilidades das mulheres migrantes.  Conclui-se que as políticas de conciliação entre trabalho e família desempenham um papel estratégico na melhoria das condições de trabalho das mulheres migrantes. Ao permitir que essas mulheres equilibrem suas responsabilidades laborais e familiares, tais políticas contribuem para a redução das desigualdades de gênero no mercado de trabalho e promovem um ambiente de maior justiça social. Portanto, é fundamental que os governos e empregadores invistam na ampliação e efetividade dessas políticas, reconhecendo sua relevância para o desenvolvimento econômico e social.
Effect of Static Contraction on Pain Reduction in Postpartum Mothers with Perineal Tears
Authors: Nurhayati Rini , Rahmawati Nurul Aini , Yulianti Atika
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Static contraction is a form of contraction exercise in muscles that uses static principles, where the muscles trained will experience changes in muscle length while the joints remain in a static or stationary state. Static contractions are useful for reducing pain, one of which is for perineal pain due to tearing during childbirth. Perineal pain is pain felt in the genital area associated with lacerations or tears in the perineum. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving static contraction exercises on reducing pain in spontaneous birth postpartum mothers with perineal tears. Method: This study utilized a quasi-experimental design involving 20 respondents, who were divided into treatment and control groups. The treatment group was given static contractions 2 times a day and the control group was given stretching 2 times, the pain level was measured using NRS (Numerical Rating Scale). Results: based on the results of the paired t test for the treatment group showed a p value = 0.000 while in the control group showed a p value = 0.000 which indicates an effect. The independent t test found a value of p = 0.001 indicating a difference in influence between the treatment group and the control group. Conclusion: there is an effect of giving static contraction exercises on reducing pain in spontaneous birth postpartum mothers with perineal tears. The results of this study can be used as a reference in conducting subsequent research on larger samples and populations.
 
Pendahuluan: Statik Kontraksi adalah suatu bentuk latihan kontraksi pada otot yang menggunakan prinsip statis, dimana otot yang dilatih akan mengalami perubahan panjang otot sedangkan sendinya tetap pada keadaan statis atau diam. Statik kontraksi bermanfaat untuk mengurangi nyeri, salah satunya adalah untuk nyeri perineum akibat robekan pada saat proses melahirkan. Nyeri perineum merupakan nyeri yang dirasakan pada area genital yang berhubungan dengan adanya laserasi atau robekan pada perineum. Metode: Penelitian ini  menggunakan desain penelitian quasi eksperimental dengan  sampel yang berjumlah 20 responden yang dibagi menjadi kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan statik kontraksi 2 kali sehari dan kelompok kontrol diberikan stretching 2 kali, tingakat nyeri diukur menggunkan NRS (Numerical Rating Scale). Hasil: berdasarkan uji paired t test pada kelompok perlakuan didapatkan nilai p = 0,000 dan pada kelompok kontrol didapatkan nilai p = 0,000 yang menandakan adanya pengaruh. Sedangkan pada uji independent t test didapatkan niali p=0,001 yang menandakan bahwa adanya perbedaan pengaruh antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Simpulan: terdapat pengaruh pemberian latihan statik kontraksi terhadap penurunan nyeri pada ibu post partum kelahiran spontan dengan robekan perineum.
Carotid Endarterectomy in the Acute Period of Ischemic Stroke After Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Nekrasov D. А. , Ziyarova D. Ya. , Gavrilenko A. V.
Published: October 2024

AIM OF STUDY. To study the outcomes, complications and risk factors of CEA surgery in patients after thrombolytic therapy.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. The results of treatment of patients after carotid endarterectomy in the acute period of ischemic acute cerebrovascular accident after thrombolytic therapy were assessed. The group of patients operated on with thrombolytic therapy included 43 patients (29 women and 14 men). The average age of the operated patients was 64±8.9 years. In 24 patients, the stroke was localized in the blood supply of the left middle cerebral artery, in 19 — in the right. A group of patients (n=50) with similar clinical characteristics was selected as a comparison group.

RESULTS. Adverse events occurred in only two patients (4.6%) in the thrombolytic therapy group. One complication required active surgical tactics, the formation of a significant hematoma in the area of surgical intervention. No adverse events were noted in the control group. There were no lethal outcomes in both groups. There were no significant differences in long-term survival rates between groups (p>0.05).

DISCUSSION. Numerous researchers have come to the conclusion that by observing clear criteria for selecting patients for surgical treatment, it is possible to minimize complications associated with the use of thrombolytic drugs in the preoperative period. Our study confirms these conclusions. Patients with previously performed thrombolytic therapy for stroke are in a group of special attention and require close monitoring in the short and long term.

CONCLUSION. Carotid endarterectomy in the acute period of stroke during thrombolytic therapy is not associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications and does not compromise long-term treatment results. Further large studies are needed to clarify the results obtained.
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome
Authors: Ramazanov G. R. , Magomedov T. A. , Solovtsova M. S. , Shevchenko E. V. , Kovaleva E. A.
Published: October 2024

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a collective term used to describe pathological conditions with a similar clinical and radiological picture which is characterized by thunderclap headaches with a sudden onset and reversible segmental (multifocal) constriction of the cerebral arteries. The article is devoted to issues of terminology, genetic and clinical features of RSCV, and also discusses risk factors, differential diagnosis, complications and prognosis. Modern pathogenetic mechanisms and possible approaches to the treatment of this condition are presented.
Simultaneous Laparoscopic Hernioplasty in Urgent Pediatric Surgery
Authors: Gavrilyuk V. P. , Donskaya E. V. , Severinov D. A. , Zubkova Yu. A.
Published: October 2024

One of the variants of clinical manifestation of Meckel’s diverticulum in pediatric patients is intestinal intussusception. In this case, the surgical intervention option may be laparoscopic disinvagination and resection of the diverticulum (if the clinic is equipped accordingly) or video-assisted surgery.

This article presents a clinical observation of the diagnosis and simultaneous treatment of Meckel’s diverticulitis complicated by small-colonic intussusception and necrosis of the ileum, secondary appendicitis in combination with bilateral inguinal hernia in a 5-year-old girl. The described observation demonstrates the features of the intraoperative picture and surgical treatment, and describes in detail the effective treatment tactics and the course of surgical intervention.

The described variant of simultaneous treatment of surgical diseases does not affect the course of the surgical period, and also made it possible to avoid repeated intervention (hernioplasty), reduced the anesthetic load (general anesthesia) and neutralized possible surgical stress.
The Dynamic Relationship Between Exchange Rate Volatility and Stock Prices in the Egyptian Real Estate Market and the Moderating Effect of Interest Rates
Authors: Rady Ahmed , Essam Farah , Yahia Habiba , Shalaby Maram
Published: October 2024

Among different channels of the financial market, the exchange rates and stock markets play a vital role in the domestic and international markets. This study aims to explore the dynamic relationship between the exchange rate (USD/EGP) and the real estate sector listed companies of the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX) from 2013 to 2023. Additionally, the study examines the moderating effect of interest rates on the relationship. To achieve this, the study employs several econometric methods such as Augmented Dicky Fuller (ADF) test, Granger Causality test to determine the direction of the relationship, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, and more. The results demonstrate that a long-run relationship exists between the variables. Furthermore, there is a significant unidirectional causality that runs from the exchange rate to real estate stock prices; thus, fluctuations in the exchange rate can significantly affect the profitability of investments in real estate stocks. Therefore, investors should closely monitor the movements in the exchange rate level to predict changes in real estate stock prices. When including the interest rate as a moderator, the outcome changes to bidirectional causality, meaning that the exchange rate and real estate stock price movements affect each other at a 1% significance level. Hence, interest rate could be used as an instrument to control demand in both the stock market and foreign exchange market. Finally, it is recommended that policymakers use the monetary policy while considering this bidirectional relationship in the presence of interest rate as a moderating variable.
Selected Blood Biochemical Parameters after Right and Left Nephrectomy in Clinical Practice
Authors: Liashchenko S. N. , Khazimov A. M. , Semeniakin I. V. , Begun D. N.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Radical nephrectomy is considered as a common operation associated with significant changes in the topography of the upper abdominal cavity which appear in the postoperative period. Analysis of the literature fails to provide sufficient information about functional changes in the parenchymatous abdominal organs that occur after nephrectomy. Aim. To investigate a number of liver and pancreatic enzymes in the blood of patients at the pre­ and post­ operative stages of the radical nephrectomy. Materials and methods. The study involved a retrospective analysis of medical records of 111 patients after radical nephrectomy. The patients underwent biochemical examination at the pre­operative stage, on day 1, and day 7 after the operation: ALT, AST, amylase, diastase. The examination was performed by means of biochemistry analyzers Bio Systems BA 400 and Beckman Coulter AU 480. Statistical data processing was carried out using Statistica 10.0. Results. The analysis of the obtained materials shows that the level of liver and pancreatic enzymes increases after radical nephrectomy. A side of the operation was revealed significant: left­sided nephrectomy leads to an increase in the level of blood amylase and diastase, right­sided nephrectomy results in an increase in the level of ALT and AST. No dependence on the sex of patients was determined. No increase in the level of the studied enzymes was found in a number of patients in the postoperative period; however, almost half of patients were detected with a significant, 1.5–2 times and higher, increase in the level of enzymes, thus requiring special control and correction. The maximum level of ALT reached 245 U/L (norm 0–35 U/L), the maximum level of AST comprised 184 IU/L (norm 0–35 IU/L). Discussion. The obtained results indicate the interrelation of functional disorders of the liver and pancreas and changes in their topography after radical nephrectomy. Conclusion. Radical nephrectomy is associated with significant functional disorders of the liver and pancreas depending on the side of the operation: the level of blood amylase and diastase increases after left nephrectomy, the level of ALT and AST grows after right nephrectomy. The level of enzymes exceeds the norm by 1.5–2 times in almost half of patients.
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Tactics for Metastases to the Lymph Nodes of the Neck without an Identified Primary Focus
Authors: Sokolova M. I. , Pavlova V. I.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma from an unknown primary focus accounts for less than 5 % of malignant tumors in the head and neck. Improving the methods of diagnosis can reduce the incidence of this pathology. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of diagnosis and treatment of 59 patients with metastasis to the lymph nodes of the neck without an identified primary focus was performed. The proportion of male patients was 86 % (51/59), female — 14 % (8/59). The average age of patients is 61 years. Squamous cell carcinoma prevailed — 79 % (47/59). Results. Metastatically affected lymph nodes were localized in 92 % of cases at levels II and III. The proportion of patients with stages N2, N3 prevailed — 55 % (abs. 26), 32 % (abs. 15), respectively. Overexpression of the P­16 protein in metastatically affected lymph nodes was detected in 70 %, PD­L1 in 48 %, and Epstein­Barr virus (EBV) in 6 %. Ipsilateral diagnostic palatine tonsillectomy of an apparently unchanged tonsil was performed in 15 % (9/59) of cases, revealing the primary site in one instance. Of the special treatment methods, complex and combined treatment prevailed — 55 % (abs. 26). Radiation therapy in an independent version was performed by 48 % of patients, while 76 % received the full course (abs. 16). Combined treatment (a course of Radiation therapy followed by chemotherapy) — in 7 % (abs. 3) 20 % of patients received polychemotherapy. Palliative immunotherapy (pembrolizumab 200 mg IV — 5 courses) was given to 1 patient. The average life expectancy was higher with complex treatment — it was 60 months (95 % CI 43.5–76.4), the median survival is 60 months. Discussion. The main methods of treatment of patients with metastases of squamous cell carcinoma without were radiation therapy in an independent version, as well as complex treatment. Ipsilateral diagnostic palatine tonsillectomy of an apparently unchanged tonsil was performed in 15 % (abs. 9), and allowed to identify the primary focus in 1 case.

Conclusion. Metastasis to the lymph nodes of the neck without remains an urgent interdisciplinary problem. Prospective multicenter studies are required to improve and optimize the algorithms for diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
Genetic Variation and Metabolic Basis of Kidney Cancer: New Opportunities for Targeted Therapy
Authors: Urmantsev M. F. , Tavabilov R. I. , Bakeev M. R.
Published: October 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has previously been considered as a single disease. However, it is currently characterized as a heterogeneous group of tumors that differ in histological features, genetic abnormalities, and variable clinical course. In normal cells, energy is produced by the cleavage of chemical bonds in nutrients through the oxidation of fats, proteins, or carbohydrates. Mutational alterations in genes associated with RCC, including VHL, FLCN, PTEN and SDH, lead to abnormal cellular adaptation to changes in oxygen status, iron metabolism and nutrients. The present paper reviews the known genetic abnormalities observed in RCC and their impact on metabolic alterations. Understanding the genetic and metabolic mechanisms underlying RCC is crucial for the development of effective therapies. Targeting specific genetic abnormalities or metabolic pathways represents a promising approach to the RCC treatment. In addition, studies into the metabolic basis of RCC contribute to the development of new biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Moreover, investigating the role of VHL, FLCN, PTEN, and SDH genes in the development of RCC provides valuable information on the molecular mechanisms behind the disease. As a result, it may lead to the development of new treatment strategies aimed at restoring the normal function of these genes or compensating for their abnormalities. Overall, an integrated approach to the study of RCC that considers genetic, metabolic, and clinical aspects will ensure that more effective treatments are developed and prognosis for patients with this disease are improved.
Health Care Systems Sustainability: The role of Health Care Management Education and Continuing Professional Development in Building a Sustainable Healthcare System
Authors: Fong Neale
Published: October 2024

It comes as no surprise that healthcare leaders today face unprecedented challenges. Some are immediate. Others are long-term. Many are interrelated. All are complex.
None of them are small, as they include financial sustainability, mission, quality and patient safety, rapidly advancing technology, changing consumer expectations, new market entrants, healthcare inequities, and more regulation. And one challenge tops that list: workforce shortages. Although many individuals continue to be drawn to healthcare, the numbers are insufficient to meet increasing demand.
But there is one more challenge which even tops this issue. And that is the continuing and growing need for capable and competent leaders and leadership in the world’s most complex industry sector – healthcare.
Aiming for excellence in health are words that adorn our organisation’s’ mission statements and list of values. But is there something that can make the difference in outcomes for health at the patient level, at a system level, and at a population level? And if there is, can we identify what makes the difference, amplify it and exploit it to the world?
My thesis is the one thing that will make the difference is the level of competence and capability of the leaders and leadership. What does this look like? What should we be doing to grow it and develop it?
Health System Resilience and Sustainability in India - Odisha's Strategies on Human Resources Management during COVID-19
Authors: Panda Bhuputra , Zoheb Mohammed , Panda Nishisipa , Rath Jyotirmayee , Pani Saumya Ranjan
Published: October 2024

Background: COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread loss of life, economic downturns, emotional distress and overwhelmed the public health delivery systems across the globe. Odisha was one of the few states in India that deployed proactive management of human resources in health (HRH) to fight the menace. This paper analyzes key decisions related to HRH during COVID-19. The findings aim to strengthen HRH practices to address future pandemics.
Materials and Methods: We analyzed the structures, functions, and processes related to HRH management during the COVID-19, using a qualitative lens. Through purposive sampling, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 key informants, including policymakers and state-level managers. Data were analyzed thematically to reflect upon the perspectives of key stakeholders, identify barriers and enablers, and document the decision-making dynamics.
Results: Odisha strengthened its hospital infrastructure and capacity of health workforce through additional deployment and skill upgradation in a short period. Restriction of movements and strengthening the health system pillars led to considerable success. As COVID-19 cases surged in mid-2020, focus shifted to clinical treatment, active case finding and surveillance. Specific training modules were developed with guidance from the Ministry of Health, WHO, and UNICEF. A whole range of human resources were trained by both online and offline modes.  Community-level training programs focused on enforcing COVID-appropriate behavior and management of vulnerable population. Infusion of technology enhanced the system’s capacity to deliver high quality training in a short period of time to a vast majority of stakeholders.
Conclusion: The Odisha State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA) and the National Health Mission (NHM) played critical roles in enhancing systems’ preparedness and institutionalizing such large-scale capacity building initiatives during periods of crisis. The state's approach in terms of scale, skill, and speed of human resources management could be a model for addressing future health crises.
ANALISIS KESULITAN MENYIMAK SISWA KELAS III DENGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN AUDIO VISUAL
Authors: Putri Disa Cahaya , Latifah Nur , Amaliyah Aam
Published: October 2024

Difficulty in listening is a difficulty in understanding what they are listening to and this difficulty in listening can be an obstacle during learning in class, because students can miscapture information or perceptions. This study aims to find out the difficulties of listening experienced by students using audio visual learning media. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. The subjects studied were grade III students of SDN Tanah Tinggi 7 Tangerang. The data collection technique uses test sheets, observation sheets, and interview sheets. The results showed that the causes of students' difficulty listening were students feeling bored, having difficulty concentrating, experiencing visual impairment problems, lack of understanding of listening vocabulary, students being noisy and unsettled when approaching the time to go home, lack of interest in fairy tales, dark room conditions and class hours that started too early. This is based on the internal factors of the student, namely from within the student himself and external factors, namely from the physical and social environment around the student.
Review of the monograph “verification of judicial decisions in criminal cases: history and modernity”
Authors: Azarov V.A. , Konstantinova V.A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. This work reflects the results of reviewing the monograph by A.M. Panokin “Verification of judicial decisions in criminal cases: history and modernity” (Moscow, Norma Publ., INFRA-M Publ., 2022, 168 p.). Results. Stated the relevance, theoretical and practical significance of the research of fundamental criminal procedural problem - verification of court decisions. The author focuses on various aspects of this area: historical retrospective; modern national models of judicial review in criminal cases; transformation of judicial review in Russian criminal proceedings, etc. The formulated conclusions are convincing. The review highly appreciates the monograph, which continues the ideas of the Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Scientist P.A. Lupinskaya, to whose memory it is dedicated.
Doctrine of piercing the corporate veil in SOME countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal system through the lens of Russian experience
Authors: Parygina N.N. , Nevzgodina E.L.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Necessity for analysis of the substance and application experience of piercing the corporate veil doctrine in its homeland (in countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal system) is based on the displays of the specified doctrine in Russian corporate legislation. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to identify topical (common to Russian Federation and countries outside the former Soviet Union) problems concerning doctrine of piercing the corporate veil realization, to develop balanced approach to them and to form an independent assessment of the named doctrine capacity in view of domestic legal system. Methodology. The main method used by authors is a comparative legal analysis. Methodological foundations of this research are as well represented by methods of dialectical materialism, formal logic, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, systematic and technical-juridical approaches. Research introduces the reader to the doctrine's provisions and court practice of the USA, Canada and Great Britain studied by authors in the original. Conclusions of this work are based on the specified materials. Results. The principle of separate responsibility of organization and its founders (members) unites legal systems of Russian Federation, Great Britain, USA and Canada. Doctrine of piercing the corporate veil is particularly widespread in the USA, it is also frequently used in Canada, far fewer - in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In that connection, the vagueness of legal formulations related to the application of the doctrine (which is mostly observed in the USA and Canada) creates significant difficulties in terms of consistent court practice forming. Russian courts mainly refrain from using abstract non-codified doctrines in the absence of enacted law norms. Conclusion. Doctrine of piercing the corporate veil in Russian Federation manifests itself in several ways. However direct references to it in acts of Russian courts cannot be considered fully correct until the doctrine would be univocally fixed in domestic federal legislation or in needful directives of the supreme judicial authority. Such a perspective appears acceptable, nevertheless in order to make use of the doctrine effective it is important to explicitly elaborate on the grounds of its application.
Establishment of the national statehood of Latvia and Lithuania: legal aspect and legislation
Authors: Zverev K. A.
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the process of building national statehood in Latvia and Lithuania. Unlike other post-Soviet republics, the Baltic countries decided to “restore” the independence lost during the so-called “Soviet occupation”. This led to the loss of rights of the local Russian-speaking population, as well as the formation of a specific historical policy. This article is devoted to the history of the formation of local national statehood in the newest period.
Crosses from burials of early cemeteries of the Russian population of the Udmurt Kama region
Authors: Perevozchikova S. A. , Kalugina D. A.
Published: October 2024

The article presents for the first time the characteristics of the crosses found during the excavations of Russian burial grounds of the late 16th - first half of the 19th century, located in the Udmurt Kama region. The formation of cemeteries is associated with the first wave of Russian colonization at the end of the 16th century. The morphological parameters of the crosses were studied: the sizes, composition, ornament and shape were described. The authors of the article identified crosses were inscribed in the generally recognized typologies of V.I. Molodin and E.P. Vinokurova.
Letters from A.V. Soloviev to A.V. Florovsky (from the collection of the archive of the Russian Academy of sciences)
Authors: Mikhalchenko S. I. , Pchelenok A. V.
Published: October 2024

Published related to the 1930-1940s. letters from the historian of law A.V. Solovyov to the historian-Slavist A.V. Florovsky. The letters reveal the details of the participation of two historians in the printed publications of the Russian diaspora, the USSR, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Solovyov's work on the texts of ancient Russian monuments "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", "Zadonshchina" and "The Tale of the Destruction of the Russian Land" is characterized.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Pencacah Plastik Pet dengan Kapasitas 20 Kg/Jam
Authors: Prayadi Aditya Anggara , Arifin Devi Eka Septiyani , Widiatmoko Rudy Yuni
Published: October 2024

Shredding is one of the common recycling methods used for plastic waste processing. Along with the development of the era, conventional tools have begun to change to semi-automatic. Therefore, a shredding machine is needed for plastic waste processing with an automatic sensor system to facilitate operation. This design aims to determine the performance of a PET plastic shredding machine with the shredder shredding method. Pahl and Beitz is the method used in making this tool. In accordance with the method applied, the manufacture of the tool starts from planning, concept design, shape design, detailed design, documentation creation and realization of the tool. The testing process is carried out by testing the function of the machine and the function of the automatic sensor. The designed shredder machine has the following specifications: Dimensions of the tool are 950 x 365 x 1060 mm, capacity is 20 kg/hour, 3 phase ½ HP dynamo motor, rotation speed is 70 rpm, number of blades is 14 and material used on the blade is AISI 1080. The test results of this tool show that the tool can work to shred PET plastic, can shred 1 kg of plastic bottles in 2 minutes 45 seconds, the first shredded result is 150 mm maximum smallest size is 16 mm with 3 shredding processes, and can be operated with a sensor control system for the tool's work process. Keywords: shredding machine, garbage, plastic
Criminal law in kant ́s juridical theory. On the articulation between the retributive and the preventive functions of punishment
Authors: Beade Ileana
Published: October 2024

In this paper I analyze the relationship between the retributive and the preven-tive function of punishment, within the frame of Kant ́s juridical theory. Despite Kant ́s explicit rejection of the preventive function in his brief discussion on Criminal Law, his observations regarding right and coercion allow to establish an acknowledgement of the preventive function. In my discussion of this topic, I will consider some methodological, juridical and moral premises which influence Kant ́s emphasis on the retributive principle. I will also consider the relationship between both function (retributive and preventive) of punishment, within the frame of his brief treatment of Criminal Law.