bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of environmental management systems on corporate and environmental performance
Authors: Ushakov D , Goryunova E , Shatila Kh
Published: December 2021

The interests of companies have increased to reduce or remove the waste produced during the manufacture, usage and/or disposal of the goods of the company. The necessity for such activities has been prioritised, while current research attempts to uncover the components which promote or dissuade such actions. With the advent of ISO 14001 corporate environmental management systems became the focus of attention (EMS). The basic premise is that such a system is crucial for the capacity of an enterprise to decrease waste and pollution and improve its overall performance concurrently. In this research, this assumption is assessed. Based on the data given by North American executives surveys, their behavior towards EMS and ISO 14001, the research evaluates the relative impacts of a formal but not certified EMS compared to a formal, certified system. The findings show firmly that companies with a formal EMS perceive well beyond pollution reduction and that the effect on many aspects of operating performance is critically favorable. The findings indicate that companies that have received EMS certification have a higher performance effect than companies that do not have their EMS certification. Moreover, experience with these systems has a larger effect on the selection and usage of environmental choices over time. These findings show the necessity to investigate deeper EMS, the environmental choices of a company and the direct and indirect connections between these systems and performance.
“Greening” as a trend in management and HRM development in the service sector (the case Thailand)
Authors: Wajeetongratana Praphatsara
Published: December 2021

The development of theory and methodology of tourism activities greening based on an integrated systematic approach, taking into account its inextricable connection with the process of greening the entire socio-economic space, is relevant in the context of the unprecedented international tourism growth observed until 2020, as well as the growth of its impact on the state of ecological systems, first of all, of ones that actively host international and domestic travelers. The paper, based on the existing theoretical approaches, the author’s methodology for assessing tourism as an environmental factor of territorial development, as well as the results of surveys of representatives of tourism professionals and visitors to Thailand, suggests tools for forming an environmental management system at a tourism enterprise, as well as a concept for developing a state policy for tourism industry greening.
Analysis of soil contamination with oil and petroleum products
Authors: Abu-Khasan M.S , Makarov Y.I
Published: December 2021

The oil industry has a considerable role to play in the development of scientific and technological progress, it should also be taken into account that oil and its components are increasingly being used in various industries every year. Obviously, oil also has a decisive influence on the economies of individual sectors and the country as a whole. Therefore, monitoring the activities of oil companies is important so that environmental disasters arising from oil spills are avoided, and knowledge of techniques for dealing with such accidents is essential. Within the scientific article the composition of oil, its types depending on its density are considered, different methods of environmental remediation are analysed, including the stages of chemical analysis of soil, the most optimal method is selected, research on assessment of the level of soil contamination with oil and oil products is conducted, statistics of soil remediation are given, and relevant conclusions are drawn.
The arsenic spreading over thallus of Saccharina latissima of different habitats of the Barents Sea
Authors: Panova E , Voskoboinikov G
Published: December 2021

The algae Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) and bottom sediment were studied in two places of its habitat in the Zelenetskaya Bay of the Barents Sea: 1) in the zone of shipping traffic and ship parking (ZST&SP) and 2) algae plantations (AP) - the background part of the bay. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy and micro-X-ray spectral analysis, an active new formation of framboidal pyrite, iron oxides-hydroxides, and salt crystals were founded in the bottom sediment in the ZCST&SP of the bay. In the structure of the rhizoids of the thallom algae, inclusions of bottom sediment particles were revealed. The ICP MS method showed that the arsenic content in the S. latissima thallom significantly exceeds its level of presence in the bottom sediment. The maximum content of arsenic in algae from both habitats is determined in the rhizoids, and the lowest in the young part of the plate (meristem). The bottom sediment and thallom of S. latissima from the ZCST&SP contain two to three times more arsenic than the algae on the plantation.
Comparative morphological characteristics of spawning populations of Baikal omul (Coregonus migratorius, G.) in the Posolsky Sor, Selenga and Barguzin rivers
Authors: Shatalin V. , Moryzi I.W. , Pishchenko E.W. , Rostovtsev A.
Published: December 2021

The morphological structure, size-age variability and dynamics of age-related fertility of producers of Baikal omul of pelagic, near-bottom and coastal morpho-ecological groups during the depressive state of the population were studied. There is an improvement in the indicators of the growth rate of fish, maturation and an increase in absolute individual fertility against the background of the dilution of the population and the release of the feeding area. A comparative characteristic of some morphological features of fish among morphological-ecological groups is given. The number of gill rakers on the first gill arch significantly distinguishes different morpho-ecological groups and ranges from 36 to 43 pieces for the near-bottom, from 40 to 46 pieces for the coastal and from 44 to 53 pieces for the pelagic morpho-ecological groups. It is noted that the spawning populations of the coastal and pelagic groups are mainly represented by young individuals. With age, the proportion of females increases in all groups. The largest indices of the pectoral, abdominal and anal fins, responsible for movement in the vertical plane, rotation and stop, are noted in the near-bottom group.
Biochemical and hematological parameters of the roach Rutilus rutilus heckelii (Nordmann, 1840) from the Sea of Azov stock in the spring season of 2020–2021
Authors: Lisovskaya V , Voykina A , Sergeeva S , Kirichenko O , Bugaev L
Published: December 2021

This work presents the results of the investigation of the physiological state of the roach Rutilus rutilus heckelii breeders from the Sea of Azov stock during the spawning period. It has been established that, in the spring season of 2020 and 2021, the content of proteins and lipids in fish tissues, as well as hematological parameters in all investigated roach specimens from different water bodies were consistent with the average long-term values. The content of proteins in the muscles and liver of roach does not differ by sex. A higher protein content in the gonads of females is characteristic of the pre-spawning period due to the process of gonad maturation. The high content of lipids in the gonads of males apparently results from the lower energy consumption for maturation of the gonads and spawning. The average concentration of sodium and potassium ions decreased in comparison with the values obtained in 2020, while the concentration of chloride anions increased. It has been concluded that the physiological state of all investigated roach specimens was normal.
The role of microalgae of the genus prorocentrum in the Diet of mussels mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) (Black Sea) in suspended culture
Authors: Pospelova N , Priimak A
Published: December 2021

The aim of this work was to study the role of microalgae of the genus Prorocentrum in the diet of the Black Sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The work analyzed the qualitative and quantitative composition of dinophytes of the genus Prorocentrum: P. compressum, P. cordatum, P. micans, P. scutellum, P. pusillum, P. balticum, P. maximum, P. lima in three types of samples (phytoplankton, mussel stomachs and their bio-sediments). Differences in the species composition of microalgae are described for three types of samples. It was noted that P. cordatum and P. micans predominate in plankton in winter, P. balticum and P. cordatum - in spring, P. cordatum, P. micans, P. balticum and P. pussilum - in summer, and P. micans - in autumn. At the same time, P. compressum and P. micans dominate in stomachs throughout the year. P. compressum was found in bio-sediments throughout the year, reaching almost 100% of the total number of dinophytes of the genus Prorocentrum in April; P. micans prevailed in winter, summer and autumn; P. cordatum was dominant in February, March and May. Different types of microalgae of the genus Prorocentrum are expected to have different degrees of digestion.
Experimental studies to increase the natural resources of brine shrimp Artemia in hyperhaline reservoirs
Authors: Litvinenko L , Litvinenko A , Boyko E , Korentovich M , Zenkovich P
Published: December 2021

A brief analysis of the available technologies for growing Artemia in the world and in Russia is given in the paper. The conditions for production of Artemia in natural reservoirs with a local Artemia population are shown. The results of laboratory experiments on reducing the incubation time of cysts to 2-23 hours (instead of the standard 24-48 hours) and the inoculation of nauplii and non-hatched cysts into the brine of natural lakes with salinity of 101, 125, 225 and 333‰ are given in details. The following indicators are analyzed: the rate of hatching during incubation, the rate of hydration of cysts during incubation and dehydration in brine; the survival rate of nauplii in brine, the possibility of hatching nauplii from cysts in brine with different salinity. The results of long-term observations of the survival of Artemia crustaceans in the brine of the lake in the absence of feeding are also presented. It is possible to reduce the incubation time to 6-20 hours is concluded in the paper. The dependence of the duration of incubation of cysts on the temperature, quality of cysts and salinity of natural brine was noted. To determine the optimal incubation time of cysts the formulas for calculating T90 according to the temperature and salinity of brine for cysts of different quality are given.
Innovative development of the meat industry in BRICS for the environment improvement
Authors: Shabalina L , Kopteva L , Budagov A
Published: December 2021

Global trends in food provision indicate the consumption of meat is increasing. The world’s population will reach 9.8 billion people by 2050, this leads to the predominance and growth of livestock rates over crop production in developed countries, where livestock products account for up to 60% of the gross agricultural product, as a result, that will facilitate the environment and climate change. Developing an alternative protein becomes the only remedy, since traditional production is unable to meet the growing demand for meat as almost 70% of total agricultural land is already occupied by traditional farming. Accounted facts prove the necessity in innovative development of meat industry in BRICS countries. The analysis of meat consumption in BRICS countries in 1995-2020 was carried out. It is determined over the past twenty-five years, the average per capita consumption of meat has increased by 1.8 times, while 25% of the world’s population lives in the studied countries. The negative impact of livestock breeding on the environment was revealed, explained by the high consumption of water and land resources as well as methane emissions into the atmosphere. BRICS meat industry innovative development based on alternative protein is argued and proven.
Approbation of elements of the informational and analytical crop management system
Authors: Gritz N V , Dichensky A V , Rostovtsev R A
Published: December 2021

The object of the research is the module of the Informational and Analytical Crop Management System with differentiated fertilization. The aim of the research was to study the features of the implementation of the functionality of the Information and Analytical Crop Management System (IACMS) with differentiated fertilization. The key element of using the capabilities of the Information and Analytical Crop Management System for is the digitization of fields and the creation of their electronic maps. Differentiated fertilization was carried out in accordance with electronic maps compiled during the agrochemical survey. Digital maps of the fields were entered into the on-board computer of the tractor, equipped with additional devices for the implementation of the differential fertilization mechanism. In accordance with the main goal of the research, the tasks of checking the automated calculation of fertilizer application rates were solved for fiber-flax on the field belonged to Federal State Budget Research Institution «Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops», preparation of a task-map for differential fertilization in CSV-format files and containing the number of the elementary plot and the value of the applied fertilizers, compatibility of the task-map of differentiated fertilization with the equipment of LLC “Center of Precision Agriculture «Aerosoyuz» (LLC «CPA «Aerosoyuz»»), aggregation of equipment with Russian technologies, the interaction of the working bodies of equipment for applying fertilizers with (IACMS), the possibility of controlled passage of the equipment, differentiated fertilization in compliance with the norms of task-maps.
Organization of supply air supply in workshops for the production of reinforced concrete products
Authors: Meskhi B , Evtushenko A , Alekseenko L , Startseva Yu , Cherhushenko A
Published: December 2021

The production of reinforced concrete products is accompanied by the release of dust into the volume of the workshop, which has a negative effect on the air condition of the working area and on the health of workers in these industries. In the article, using the example of a workshop for the production of reinforced concrete slabs, the trajectory of the particles of emitted dust is shown according to the workshop model constructed and calculated by the SPH method. Methods of supplying supply air to the working area are considered. Under the same initial conditions, the numerical values of the speed of the supply air were calculated for each method of air supply and the most suitable scheme for this workshop is selected.
Improving the environmental friendliness of a solid fuel boiler house using SHF energy
Authors: Kondratev R V
Published: December 2021

To reduce harmful emissions, solid fuel consumption and increase the efficiency of the boiler plant, an automated system with a combined heating device and a condensing air heater connected in series was designed. In a combined heating device (SHF + flue gases) equipped with a magnetron, quality control and additional preparation of solid fuel with a high moisture content (up to 80%) for combustion are carried out. In the condensing air heater, the heat of the flue gases coming into it from the combined heating deviceand the latent heat of vaporization are extracted. The use of this system allows reducing the moisture content and temperature of flue gases, the volume of harmful emissions from the boiler plant in the form of nitrogen oxides and dioxides (NOx), carbon oxides (CO), ash, volatile coke residues. By increasing the volume and reducing the corrosiveness of the condensate formed from the flue gases in the condensation air heater during the drying process of fuel with a high moisture content, it can be subsequently used as process and make-up water. Practical application of the system makes it possible to reduce the cost of generating heat energy by the boiler house by increasing the use of low-calorie fuel with a high moisture content in the form of waste from logging, wood processing, low-grade coal and peat, which also has a positive environmental effect.
Analysis of the market potential of poultry meat and its forecast
Authors: Roiter L M , Vedenkina I V , Eremeeva N A
Published: December 2021

The agri-food market is one of the strategic ones, since it ensures the food security of the country’s population. A significant aspect in the implementation of the new Doctrine of food security are products containing animal protein, including meat. Poultry farming has significant competitive advantages over other subsectors of animal husbandry in terms of investment attractiveness, purchasing opportunities for poultry meat and its processed products, dietary properties, and is also a product for all religious denominations. Analysis of the market potential of poultry meat in Russia in comparison with global trends showed the existence of unfilled niches both in the domestic and foreign markets. The main ones are the insufficient self-sufficiency of certain regions of the country with this product, the norms of poultry meat consumption in comparison with the leading countries, the low level of deep processing in most economic entities, the low share of meat from other types of poultry, almost absence of organic products on the market, and insignificant export volumes of poultry meat. Along with this, through a SWOT-analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of the industry, its threats and potential opportunities, as well as their combination, which is advisable to take into account when developing a strategy to improve the efficiency of the industry, have been identified. Taking into account the obtained results, a scheme for expanding the market potential of poultry meat is proposed, and its forecast for 2030 is given. The combination of these developments will allow the industry to increase the economic viability of its economic entities and expand the market potential of the target poultry meat market.
Study of Quality Indicators of Cooked Sausage Products with Components of Plant Origin
Authors: Senotrusova T , Furmanova Y , Darwish F , Kalenik T , Dobrynina E , Vladykina T
Published: December 2021

In various regions of the Far East, the nutritional status of the population suggests that the diet of Russians is characterized by excessive consumption of animal fats, as well as micronutrients. Based on this, it will be promising to enrich the macro-and micronutrients of ordinary food products such as boiled sausage products for the benefit of the consumer. The use of vegetable raw materials in the production of meat products enrich them with functional ingredients, increase their digestibility and get products that meet the physiological norms of nutrition, contribute to the improvement of their therapeutic and preventive properties and the stabilization of consumer properties. The results of the tasting evaluation of the presented samples allowed us to draw conclusions about the possibility of improving the organoleptic parameters by adding raw materials of plant origin in various combinations and mass fraction. The use of carmine made it possible to get a color familiar to the buyer and to abandon the use of artificial food additives. Partial replacement of animal fat with soybean oil allowed to give the product useful properties and improved the appearance of the product.
Review and analysis of perennial cereal crops at different maturity stages
Authors: Rudoy Dmitry , Pakhomov Viktor , Olshevskaya Anastasiya , Maltseva Tatyana , Ugrekhelidze Natia , Zhuravleva Angelina , Babajanyan Arkady
Published: December 2021

The article presents an overview of perennial grain crops, gives a comparative characteristic of annual winter wheat and perennial grain crops such as Trititrigia (Trititrigia cziczinii Tsvelev), Thinopyrum intermedium, perennial rye (Secale cereale L) and perennial sorghum (Sorghum x derzhavinii Tzvel.). The study aims to consider the main perennial crops grown in Russia and in the world, to compare their quality indicators, sowing agrotechnical requirements, cultivation conditions, yields, and to justify the choice of perennial crops that meet the needs and climatic conditions of the Rostov region. Presented is the generalized information on the grain quality changes during maturation, ripeness phases of grain crops are considered. Based on the review, the optimal ripeness phases, at which it is advisable to harvest are presented. Literature review showed that in the phase of lactic (мoлoчнaя cпeлocть) and wax maturity (вocкoвaя cпeлocть) wheat grain contains the greatest amount of basic nutrients. It was found that perennial crops have a positive effect on the state of the soil: prevent its erosion and depletion; there is an accumulation of carbon, soil methane CH 4. Comparative characterization of perennial crops with annual crops shows increased protein content - on average 2-3% higher. Also considered are the green mass quality indicators of perennial crops as a source of nutrients in the feed-production technology.
Overview of methods of wheat grain conservation in early stages of ripeness
Authors: Rudoy D , Pahomow V , Malceva T , Sarkisian D , Saakian S
Published: December 2021

The problem of reducing losses and using grain remains one of the most pressing problems of national importance. To prevent the occurrence of unacceptable quantitative and qualitative losses of grain, a timely and correctly carried out post-harvest processing plays an important role. This article discusses the methods of conservation of wheat by various methods at the early stages of ripeness: grain preservation by drying method, convective method, conductive method, thermoradiation method, grain preservation by silage method and freeze preservation, reveals their advantages and conducts an analytical analysis. Harvesting cereal crops in the phase of milky-wax and waxy ripeness allows you to get a crop with an increased content of nutrients in comparison with full ripeness wheat grain. The article describes the biochemical processes occurring in the grain during its ripening. Harvesting grain in the phase of milky and waxy ripeness makes it possible to prepare raw materials for production with a higher content of protein, fats and nutrients, which is the relevance of the study.
Effect of ultrasonic exposure on the sowing quality of seeds
Authors: Dorokhov A , Sibirev A , Aksenov Ar , Mosyakov M , Jurba V , Mekhedov M , Koltsov A
Published: December 2021

The research aims to study the process of stimulation and the selecting of optimal modes of seed treatment with ultrasonic exposure. Increasing the yield of grain crops will provide the population with high-quality agricultural products and providing livestock breeding with a full-fledged feed base. Previous studies related to the pre-sowing stimulation of barley seeds with ultrasonic exposure to improve the sowing quality made it possible to assert an increase in the increase in seed weight by 10 to 12%. The optimal modes of their processing were the ultrasound frequency f =48 kHz, the oscillations intensity S=42 W/cm², and the exposure time t=480 sec. Ultrasonic vibrations change the Physico-chemical properties of seeds, the permeability of the cell membranes significantly increases, leading to accelerated swelling of the seeds, breathing intensifies, the metabolic process is activated; some enzymatic processes are activated while simultaneously inhibiting other enzyme systems and the sowing qualities of seeds change.
Razdolye – a new mid-late variety of soft winter wheat
Authors: Podgorny S , Skripka O , Samofalov A , Gromova S , Chernova V
Published: December 2021

Wheat bread rightfully belongs to the greatest inventions of mankind. The aim of the research is to characterize the new Razdolye soft winter wheat variety for compliance with these requirements. The research was carried out in 2016-2020. The research object was the Razdolye winter wheat variety. The Ermak variety was used as a standard. The accounting area of the plot is 10 m2. The Razdolye variety was submitted to the State Variety Testing of the ARC “Donskoy” jointly with the Federal State Budgetary Organisation “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”. Razdolye has a high grain yield. The average yield of Razdolye in competitive trials for the predecessor green manure fallow over five years of study (2016-2020) was 10.57 t/ha, which is 1.68 t/ha higher than the standard variety Ermak. By ripening, it belongs to the middle late ripeness group, hatches and ripens 4 days later than the standard variety. Possesses high drought resistance, heat resistance, frost resistance and resistance to the main diseases of the region. Razdolye is being studied since the fall of 2020 in the North Caucasus, Lower Volga and Central Black Earth regions of the Russian Federation.
The study of the sources of valuable economic and biological traits in the collection nursery of sainfoin
Authors: Regidin A , Ignatiev S
Published: December 2021

Sainfoin – fodder crop capable of growing in unfavorable conditions and on soils with reduced fertility. But sainfoin is not widespread and does not occupy large cultivated areas. One of the reasons for this is the small number of sainfoin varieties adapted to various environmental conditions. The purpose of the research is to identify the sources of valuable economic and biological traits in the collection nursery of sainfoin for use as a source material. The sainfoin collection nursery was established in 2017 according to the methodology of N.I. Vavilov. The area of the plots is 1 m2, the replication is two times. Standard – sainfoin variety Zernogradskiy 2. According to the results, samples with useful traits were identified: samples Sin 149, Sin 151 and Sin 8.15 with early growth (28.03) had the shortest growing season (52 days); by plant height, specimens Sin 38 (122 cm) and Sin 208.15 (122 cm) were distinguished; the highest yield of green mass was noted for samples Sin 26, Sin 126, Sin 141, Sin 102.15, Sin 103.15, Sin 1.15, Sin 2.15 with indicators of 7.67-9.72 kg/m2; a dry matter content of over 28% was noted in samples Sin 37, Sin 46, Sin 42, Sin 105.15, Sin 205.15; samples Sin 31, Sin 42, Sin 54, Sin 122, Sin 135, Sin 144, Sin 145, Sin 160, Sin 100.15, Sin 1.15, Sin 3.15, Sin 4.15, Sin 6.15, Sin 8.15, Sin 100/1142 were distinguished by a high content crude protein (20.00-21.44%).
Influence of sowing time on the yield of different varieties of soybeans
Authors: Kelekhsashvili L M
Published: December 2021

Experimental studies were carried out on the experimental fields of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Trial establishment, phenological observations, and statistical processing of the obtained results were carried out using generally accepted methods. It was found that the highest seed yields for the studied varieties (Vilana, Slavia, Chara) were obtained in the third sowing period. So, for the Vilana variety (on average for 2018-2020, background - without fertilizers), the yield in the first period (10°C) was 1.87 t/ha, in the second (12°C) - 1.91 t/ha, in the third (14°C) - 2.06 t/ha, and in the fourth (16°C) - 1.97 t/ha. Indicators for the Slavia and Chara varieties were slightly lower. When mineral fertilizers were applied at the rate of P120K60, the yield of the studied varieties increased in comparison with the background P60K30. So, for the Vilana variety (average value over 3 years), the yield was higher in the first sowing period by 0.22 t/ha, in the second - by 0.31 t/ha, in the third - by 0.57 t/ha, and in the fourth - by 0.34 t/ha. From the given data it can be seen that the highest yield was noted in the third sowing period. A similar pattern was also observed for the Slavia and Chara varieties. So, for the Slavia variety, the yield in the third sowing period was 2.74 t/ha, in the fourth - 2.64 t/ha, in the second - 2.56 t/ha, in the first - 2.35 t/ha, and for the Chara variety, respectively: 2.60; 2.48; 2.45, and 2.31 t/ha.
Influence of elements of irrigation technology of medium and late varieties of soybean on soybean yield
Authors: Kh Isaev S , Kodirov Z Z , Saylikhanova M K , Fozilov Sh G
Published: December 2021

In this article, under the conditions of alluvial soils of the Bukhara region, the main yield in the care of mid-ripening varieties of soy “Nafis” and late-ripening varieties of “Uzbek-6” is 4 times., With 714 m3./ha once before flowering, 739-763 m3/ha 3 times from flowering to the end of the application period, 3016 m3/ha with seasonal irrigation, 35,1737.8 with black film irrigation on wheat c/ha of soybean crops, 6 116 000 soums - 7 million soums Net profit amounted to 196 thousand soums, profitability increased by 77.2-90.8%.
Influence of macro and microelements on the biological value of wheat grain
Authors: Isaychev V , Andreev N , Mudarisov F
Published: December 2021

This paper considers the influence of manganese and zinc sulfate, as well as Megamix-Zinc on the protein quality of grain of winter and spring wheat, when cultivating it on soils with a deficiency of certain microelements. It was found that treatment of seeds and growing plants of experimental crops with the studied preparations increased the content of the essential limiting amino acids in the grain of winter wheat - lysine by 85.7%, threonine by 116.7%, isoleucine + leucine by 20.9%, phenylalanine + tyrosine by 33.3% compared to the control variant. A rise in the amount and amino acid score of such limiting amino acids as lysine and threonine is also observed, which leads to a decline in the coefficient of difference of amino-acid scores up to 75.5% and an increase in the biological value of the total protein up to 24.5%. The total amount of amino acids in the grain of spring wheat increased when Megamix-Zinc was used in the cultivation technology, both on soils with natural fertility and with application of mineral fertilizers, which is associated with a rise in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism. The increase in relation to the control group is 0.42 - 1.34 mg/g, depending on the variant. Under the influence of the factors used, amino acid score of individual amino acids of the spring wheat protein increases in relation to the control group up to 2.1%.
Phytoplasma diseases of vegetable crops in Russia
Authors: Girsova N V , Bogoutdinov D Z , Yengalycheva I A , Kastalyeva T B
Published: December 2021

Phytoplasma DNA was detected in 72 samples of vegetable crops collected in eight regions/territories of the Russian Federation, including the Republic of Crimea. The analyzed plants belonged to 13 species (Armoracia rusticana, Artemisia dracunculus, Capsicum annuum, Conundrum sátivum, Cucumis melo, Cucurbita maxima, Daucus carota var.sativus, Melissa officinalis, Petroselinum crispum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena and Vicia faba), to 7 families (Apiacea, Asteracea, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Solanaceae). The belonging of phytoplasma to a group/subgroup was established by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of amplicons obtained in nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We identified phytoplasmas of four groups most characteristic of the Russian Federation: Aster yellows - 16SrI, X-disease - 16SrIII, Clover proliferation - 16SrVI and Stolbur - 16SrXII. All phytoplasmas isolated from plants collected in the southern regions of the Russian Federation (Astrakhan and Rostov regions, Krasnodar Territory, and the Republic of Crimea) belonged to stolbur group, subgroup 16SrXII-A, like most phytoplasmas from plants of the Samara region. Phytoplasmas of the 16SrVI group were found in plants from the Moscow, Samara, and Novosibirsk regions, the 16SrIII group - in plants from the Vologda and Moscow regions, and the 16SrI group - only in samples from the Moscow region.
Spatial analysis of seasonal patterns in sea surface temperature and salinity distribution in the Black Sea (1992-2017)
Authors: Krivoguz D , Semenova A , Mal’ko S
Published: December 2021

Sea water temperature and water salinity one of the most important environmental factors of the marine ecosystems. Both of them plays an important role in forming suitable environment for marine living organisms and have a great impact on species biodiversity. Our goal for this paper was to identify spatial patterns of interannual variations in the salinity and temperature fluctuations to understand possibilities of future change of the Black Sea ecosystem and its impact on fisheries. We used temperature and salinity data from CMEMS for the 1992-2017 time period. All downloaded data was processed by QGIS 3.14 and R 4.0.3. We found that the temperature regime of the Black Sea in different periods of the year is determined by three main factors - the depth of the shelf zone, the influence of river runoff, and water circulation due to currents. The average salinity of the Black Sea waters is 19 ‰, areas with lower salinity are located near the west shore, due to the flows from the largest rivers (Dnieper, Dniester, Danube) bringing a large amount of fresh water to the Black Sea. The area with higher salinity is located in the south- west due to the water exchange of the Black Sea with the saltier Sea of Marmara (∼ 26 ‰) through the Bosphorus. The currents of the Black Sea pick up the salty water of the Sea of Marmara and slowly moving the water column against the clockwise, carry it across the entire Black Sea, thereby increasing its average salinity.
Features of the subsurface water composition formation in the Mesozoic hydrogeological basin of the Middle Ob region fields
Authors: Sabanina I G , Semenova T V
Published: December 2021

The formation of the deep oil and gas bearing horizons hydrogeological conditions in the Middle Ob region and the West Siberian megabasin as a whole contains many questions and is a subject of discussion. This is due to numerous hydrogeodynamic and hydrogeochemical anomalies that do not have an unambiguous explanation. The hydrogeological conditions feature of the area under consideration is inversion hydrogeochemical zonation in the Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic sediments, as well as the presence of low-mineralized formation waters of hydrocarbonate-sodium composition. The change in the genetic type of waters, the mineralization decrease, the calcium ion content decrease and an increase in the hydrocarbonate ion amount in the Mesozoic hydrogeological basin, is associated with the transformation of mineral and organic matter in sedimentary rocks during their immersion, occurring at the elision stage of the basin development.
Development of approaches for ecologization of water supply in the city
Authors: Zheltenkov A , Vasilyeva E , Syuzeva O
Published: December 2021

The objective of this research is to develop recommendations on ecologization of water supply in the city. The authors revealed the main problems, peculiar to intercity systems of water supply and having negative impact on the environment. The negative environmental impacts of water supply problems were systematized. The priority directions of the solution of the matter of ecologization of water supply in the cities were defined. The main of these directions, i.e. the choice of innovative materials for the water supply systems, their advantages and advantages of modern pipes in various specified operating conditions was considered as a debatable question. The results of the conducted research can promote the ecologization of water supply in the cities of the Russian Federation. Some offers on water supply improvement, as well as the reasons expressed as the discussion can be useful during planning repair and replacement of water supply systems, choosing materials and technologies, during justification of ecological-and-economic efficiency of improvements.
SPF egg production: current status and challenges
Authors: Burova D , Trubitsyn M
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses the technology for the production of SPF eggs, i.e. specific pathogen free eggs, used in the manufacture of vaccines for veterinary use. Nowadays, such an egg is imported in the Russian Federation only from abroad, which indicates the dependence of the vaccine market on imports, as well as on the epidemiological situation in the supplying country. At the same time, the process of creating an enterprise for the production of SPF eggs is extremely laborious due to the increased requirements for the technological processes of keeping and growing poultry, as well as the high risks of accidental contamination of the livestock. Due to the fact that today one of the priority tasks is import substitution, the creation of Russia’s own production of SPF eggs is a strategically important task for the near future.
Impacts of Artificial Insemination on Holstein Cattle Population in Turkey
Authors: Ö Şen A , Cedden F , Ushakov A
Published: December 2021

The use of artificial insemination (AI) is common practice in most countries all around the world, in dairy cattle. AI, which started to be implemented in Turkey in 1930, became more widespread in 1987 in order to rapidly improve the native breed. According to data from 2020, 37% of the cattle population is a crossbred and about 15% of this is Holstein cattle. In the last 5 years, approximately 26.5 million doses of sperm have been imported, in other words, an average of 0.70 doses per milked cow. In this study, the pedigree file records of 5 673 405 Holsteins born from 1975 to 2012, and all sires were known individually were selected for this study. It was determined that 5 673 405 individuals had a total of 11 883 sires. The 10 most used sires are parents of 10.61% of progeny in the population. For today, almost 37% of the cattle population is converted to exotic breeds and their crossbreeds. Approximately 15% of this is Holstein. In the last 5 years, approximately 26.5 million doses of semen have been imported, in other words, an average of 0.70 doses of semen per milked cow. Although frequent use of some sires leads to increased inbreeding in some herds, the consanguinity coefficient in the population was found to be 0.0145. Apart from various problems in insemination practices in Turkey, it can be suggested that an effective way is followed in semen selection and importation.
The effectiveness of using a microbiological strain in the aquaponics system
Authors: Krotova O , Polozyuk O , Savenkov K , Mashtykov D , Savenkova M
Published: December 2021

Aquaponics is an artificial ecosystem in which three types of living organisms are key: aquatic animals (usually fish or shrimp), plants and bacteria. This technology works on the principle of an ecosystem of fish and plants: fish provides food to plants, and plants purify water and are environmentally friendly. The essence of this method is to use the vital waste of aquatic animals (fish, shrimp) as a nutrient medium for plants. The essence of the method of operation of the aquaponic system is to use the vital waste of aquatic animals as food for plants. At the first stage, the fish produces waste products. Then, in the second stage, microbes and worms convert the waste into fertilizers for plants. During the process, at the third stage, plants consume the necessary products of excretion of living organisms. These are chemicals such as nitrogenous, potassium, phosphorus compounds, carbon dioxide. Thanks to aquaponic farms, the costs of water and other natural resources, soil pollution and the use of insecticides are already being reduced in different places of our planet. Such systems are a sustainable ecosystem capable of producing organic matter that does not contain toxic substances often present in vegetables grown by traditional methods.
Diagnosis and treatment of flexibacteriosis of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi)
Authors: Neidorf Anna , Morozova Marina
Published: December 2021

Ornamental fish farming is an intensively developing area in aquaculture. A significant volume of contraband products and the lack of sanitary and quarantine measures is an important problem associated with the development of this knowledge area. The article is devoted to the problem of timely detection and diagnosis of flexibacteriosis of carp, affecting one of the most popular and expensive objects of ornamental fish farming, koi carp. The main causes of fish diseases are natural outbreaks of infections and infection with pathogens from water sources, as well as violations of the rules of transportation and quarantine of imported fish. Timely and constant veterinary control makes it possible to assess the epizootic situation for fish diseases, the degree of pollution of the fishery reservoir and make recommendations for optimizing preventive measures that ensure the epizootic well-being of the fishery reservoir in the conditions of integrated technology. The cultivation of koi by amateurs in private ponds, aquariums poses a danger of introducing infections into other reservoirs, including natural ones, as well as regions where the outbreak has never been recorded. The main task is the prevention of diseases, which can be ensured by monitoring the water quality of the water supply source, as well as the use of a complex of veterinary and sanitary measures, including veterinary control over the transportation of fish, preventive quarantine of imported material and quarantine in dysfunctional farms, preventive disinfection and disinfection of structures, inventory, pond beds; regular ichthyopathological examination of the farm; preventive antiparasitic treatment of fish.
Comparative analysis of muscle tissue amino acid composition of sturgeon breeded under natural and industrial conditions
Authors: Guseva Yulia , Korobov Alexander , Tarasov Petr , Vasilyev Alexey , Gurkina Oksana
Published: December 2021

The article presents comparative data on the chemical and amino acid analysis of the muscle tissue of sturgeons of the natural ichthyofauna of the Volgograd reservoir and those grown in a cage farm in the natural temperature regime of the 4th zone of fish farming in the Russian Federation using balanced feeding. The results obtained indicate the saturation of the muscle tissue of sturgeons consuming artificial feed with amino acids. The difference in nutrition is reflected in the biological value of meat. An important indicator of the biological value of a product is the qualitative and quantitative composition of muscle tissue amino acids. The natural nutrition of the Volgograd Reservoir does not fully satisfy the sturgeon’s need for protein nutrition. Industrial methods of cultivation make it possible to optimally organize biologically complete feeding of fish, which contributes to the maximum manifestation of their genetic potential and production of functional products.
Algorithm of the dynamic functional of the adaptive torque distributor as applied to agricultural machines
Authors: Kalmykov B
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the problem of improving the drive of the driving wheels and working bodies of agricultural machines. The analysis of works on the research topic showed that this problem is solved by giving the very executive mechanisms of the agricultural machine the ability to adjust the characteristics in the direction that improves certain indicators of the quality of functioning, by the purpose of which it is possible to judge the efficiency of the operation of such a machine. The flexibility of the structure can only be ensured by the presence of additional degrees of mobility. Therefore, it is proposed to use differential mechanisms of varying complexity in the drive, which will provide continuous automatic regulation of its own operating parameters depending on changes in the resistance of the working medium to the executive bodies of the machine.
Tillage unit with new design working bodies for minimal tillage
Authors: Akhalaya B , Shogenov Yu , Starovoytov S
Published: December 2021

The design of the tillage unit is presented, with new working bodies made in the form of a holder with rectilinear and oval parts, the rectilinear part is made in the form of a bar made at an acute angle to the horizontal surface and rigidly fixed on a rack with the possibility of dismantling. The lower part of the holder is shaped like an elongated ellipse, the upper oval part of which is a ripper, the lower-a slitter. The height of the ripper and the slitter is the same, on their butt line on the side of the toe, a groove is made for the pointed paw of the cultivator. On the back side of the paw, a groove is made for the holder, while the ratio of the length of the grooves of the paw and the holder is 1:3. The new design of the working body will improve the quality of tillage and water-air balance, increase crop yields and reduce fuel consumption.
Parameters of a layer forming machine for flax processing
Authors: Shushkov R A , Mikhailov A S , Kipriyanov F A
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the machines used for flax layer-thinning during its processing. The designs of the most widely used layer-thinning machines of Russian, Belarusian and foreign production in the linen industry are analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the machines of both Russian and Belarusian production have the principle of the thinning with a fixed layer, and some foreign ones with free fixation.
Nanotechnologies in agricultural production as a factor of transition to a new level of technological design
Authors: Larina L , Rusljakov D , Tikhonova O
Published: December 2021

The article discusses one of the directions of the transition of agricultural production in Russia to the sixth technological order based on the introduction of nanotechnology in the field of hygrothermal effects on grain crops. The features of hygrothermal action on grain under vacuum conditions are presented. The distinctive features of such processing as nanotechnology are substantiated. Based on the method of similarity in the functioning of technical systems for vacuum-capillary processes of humidification, drying, and wet-heat treatment, generalized similarity criteria are obtained, their numerical values are determined, and generalized criterion dependences of the intensity of the processes under consideration on the processing parameters are obtained. The implementation of this method made it possible to quantitatively describe the processes of vacuum capillary hygrothermal treatment of grain, to assign processing parameters and control them.
Optimization of Dry Construction Mix with the Addition of Biochar from Reclaimed Rice Straw in the Agro-Industrial Complex
Authors: Smolyanichenko A , Shcherban Y , Stel’makh S , Khalyushev A , Zherebtsov Y
Published: December 2021

Currently, the actual problem is the disposal of various by-products of the agro-industrial complex. This direction practically does not develop, but is solved only by burning them, which leads to air pollution. The article contains physical and chemical studies of a byproduct from rice production, namely rice straw. In the process of recycling rice straw at a temperature of 600°C, biochar is formed, which can be used as a micro-filling additive for dry mortar. Using the method of mathematical planning of the experiment (FFE 2k), optimization was carried out and the optimal composition of the dry mortar was obtained, containing up to 10% of biochar. It has been established that the introduction of biochar in the optimal dosage improves the physical and mechanical properties of the dry mortar in comparison with the control composition on average by: average density – 3%, water absorption – 17%, compressive strength – 12%, tensile strength at bending – 24%, adhesion strength – 55%..