bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El acto discursivo y la negociación de los significados léxicos en el contexto (inter)cultural de aprendizaje de español como lengua extranjera
Authors: Spychała-Wawrzyniak Małgorzata
Published: December 2019

El discurso es un concepto multidisciplinar o transdisciplinar, analizado desde los años setenta por varias ciencias: la lingüística (analiza la lengua y su forma de uso), la psicología (analiza las convicciones de los miembros de una sociedad y el modo de su expresión), las ciencias sociales (analizan las interacciones en contextos sociales), etc. Estamos de acuerdo con van Dijk (2001: 21) en que la noción de discurso es «esencialmente difusa» porque remite a fenómenos bastante complejos relacionados sobre todo con la comunicación humana, o mejor dicho, con la interacción verbal. En opinión de Kurcz (2005), el discurso tiene carácter oral (p. ej. la conversación) y el texto pertenece a la transmisión escrita (p. ej. el libro, la carta, el contrato, etc.). En cambio, van Dijk (2001: 23) considera que también los textos escritos (excluyendo los libros, las leyes, las publicaciones de carácter académico o las cartas1) deberían formar parte del discurso, ya que «hay mucha similitud en la manera como las personas hablan o escriben cuando utilizan el lenguaje para comunicar sus ideas y lo mismo ocurre cuando la gente escucha o lee un discurso».
La incidencia de los estilos de aprendizaje en el índice de disponibilidad léxica individual de estudiantes extranjeros de español
Authors: Domínguez Pelegrín Javier
Published: December 2019

El presente trabajo pretende determinar si existen relaciones entre los estilos de aprendizaje de los aprendices de español como lengua extranjera y su índice de disponibilidad léxica individual. Aunque ambos temas han sido investigados de manera independiente en el ámbito de la enseñanza de segundas lenguas, nunca han sido abordados conjuntamente con el objetivo de analizar las posibles correlaciones existentes entre ellos. Para identificar los estilos de aprendizaje se han utilizado cinco cuestionarios, que permiten englobar más estilos de los que se pueden abarcar con uno solo. Para el índice de disponibilidad, se han empleado las nociones específicas del Plan curricular del Instituto Cervantes (2006) como centros de interés.
Cultism and Violence in Nigerian Universities: A Paradigm for Achieving Religious Academic Excellence
Authors: Ushe Ushe Mike
Published: December 2019

Nigerian universities and other institutions of higher learning have in recent times witnessed unprecedented insecurity, persistent violence and educational backdrop, leading to loss of many lives and properties worth millions of naira across the country. Part of the face out of this scourge is the prevailing case of cultism and other forms of violence in Nigerian universities and other higher educational institutions. This has resulted to gruesome arrest, expulsion and murder of many students on account of cult activities on the campuses and other forms of students’ violence which further exposed our universities to insecurity, ritual murders, drug abuse and use of dangerous weapons by cult groups, victimization and regime of terror against fellow students, lecturers, and anyone that stands in the ways of these cult groups on our campuses. This paper discusses the impacts of cultism and other forms of violence on university campuses in Nigeria as a search for achieving sustainable peace and academic excellence. To explore this change, the study employs survey design, questionnaires and face-to-face interviews in collecting data and analysis. The research findings have shown that cultism and other forms of violence are prevalence in Nigerian universities and have increased tremendously in recent decades, reoccurring almost on daily basis. The paper observed that students’ radical activism and union politics, incapability of university and state authorities to enforce minimum standard of students’ civil behaviors on campuses as well as rivalries between cult groups and the wider campus community has drastically affected educational or academic performance of students in contemporary Nigerian society. The paper recommends the restructuring of university educational policies and curriculum, provision of moral education and non-interference of the government and university authorities in the affairs of students’ union politics and activism.
Primary School Teachers in 21st Century in Bangladesh: Some Potential Aspects for Professional Development Identified from Relevant Literatures
Authors: Alam A. K. M. Badrul , Shengquan Luo
Published: December 2019

In the context of 21st century, the changes in different educational aspects are taken place rapidly. This is because to respond to the needs of the fast growing technology-based educational opportunities that require more capable teachers with multifaceted competencies. Bangladesh has paid highest attention to implement competency-based curriculum for its primary level of education. National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) in Bangladesh reformulated its competency-based curriculum goal, objectives, terminal competencies along with the related attainable competencies, subject specific competencies, learning outcomes and other related aspects. Besides, NCTB initiated to incorporate the international updated teaching-learning methods and techniques, interactive instructional strategies, formative assessment procedures in each grade and each subject to address the 21st century teaching-learning needs in its last revised curriculum in 2012. However, the teachers with multifaceted competencies that address their appropriate level of knowledge, skills and attitude can positively influence in creating such a supportive classroom practices for 21st century learners. The Forth Primary Education Development Program (PEDP4) of Ministry of Primary and Mass Education (MoPME) in Bangladesh has highly emphasized to implement Continuous Professional Development (CPD) as an approach to strengthen its professional competencies for the government primary school teachers. This paper has been prepared based on the ideas explored through some relevant literature review. It basically identified some potential aspects for the teachers’ professional development of government primary schools in Bangladesh in 21st century context. This paper explored that the process of promoting teachers’ competencies need to be followed by set of activities with multifaceted continuous and regular manner at school setting.
Contribution of Systematic Exploration of Artworks in Raising Children’s Critical Thinking and Empathy about Friendship and Difference through Early Years
Authors: Charissi Athina , Tympa Eleni , Karavida Vasiliki
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a study aimed at investigating 3- to 4-year old children’s perceptions of friendship and difference and the effects of the systematic use of art on these issues. There is a considerable number of scholars suggesting that art-based experience, as a form of expressive way of knowing, can contribute to the development of creative and critical thinking. The Project Zero research program from Harvard Graduate School of Education and the Philosophy for Children (P4C) pedagogical movement highlight the importance of promoting from the preschool age a critical way of thinking which exceeds mere argumentation and identifies with critical re-evaluation of the way we conceive reality and act. Our intervention was applied to 83 children from five preschool settings. Children were supported to systematically explore artworks of aesthetic value according to Τransformative Learning Through Aesthetic Experience (TLTAE) method aiming to raise participants’ creativity and critical reflection upon stereotypical assumptions. The principles of Philosophy for Children (P4C) movement were further exploited in order to enhance reflective dialogue based on emerging meanings from narrative artworks and creative activities. A questionnaire with images was applied to all children before and after the intervention. The findings suggest that post-intervention children had a more enhanced understanding of friendship and difference, an increased level of mutual acceptance, a better appreciation of socializing positively with peers. Further integration of art and art-related methods in the learning process is needed in order to examine long term results.
The Mind of a Good Language Learner: A Case Study of Vocabulary-learning Strategies
Authors: Jaber Alasmari Nada
Published: December 2019

There is a substantial amount of research in the fields of language-learning strategies and good language learners (GLLs); however, few studies have investigated vocabulary-learning strategies’ use among successful learners. Thus, this paper aims to explore the vocabulary-learning strategies employed by GLLs. To fulfill this aim, a case study was conducted. The participant was a 21-year-old student who passed the standardized test of English proficiency with a high score. This study implemented three instruments, as follows: (1) a vocabulary size test to identify the vocabulary difficulty level, (2) vocabulary knowledge scale test, and (3) think-aloud protocol. In addition, the data collected were analyzed thematically. The findings showed that the participant exhibited two types of strategies. First, he used metacognitive strategies, including monitoring and planning; second, he employed cognitive strategies, which comprised retrieval, avoidance, making associations, and verification. The results indicated that there is a set of language-learning and vocabulary-learning strategies that GLLs tend to use. Moreover, these strategies incorporate but are not limited to cognitive and metacognitive skills. Given these results, this paper clarifies that the vocabulary-learning strategies a GLL displays can be used to help low-level students and learners in general further their learning.
A Quantitative Assessment of the Role of the Private Sector in Economic Diversification in UAE
Authors: Said Radwa Radwan
Published: December 2019

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has often been addressed as a success case in the GCC region due to its implemented policies that spurred growth and development with a market-friendly approach. This study aims to investigate the relationship between economic diversification and private sector development. For this, we employed an ARDL con-integration method to check the long run as well as short run relationship between variables. We found that the domestic credit to private sector has a positive relationship with diversification index. Also, domestic credit to private sector (DCPS) percentage of GDP has both short and long run relationship with economic diversification index. The results indicate that the domestic credit to private sector will promote the economic diversification in both the short and long runs. Moreover, the government infrastructure will also promote economic diversification in the long run but not in the short run. The trade openness has a negative impact on economic diversification in the long run, but it has a positive impact in the short run.
Personality and Alcohol-Related Risk: Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Alexithymia
Authors: Lyvers Michael , Boileau Megan , Thorberg Fred Arne
Published: December 2019

Previous research has established associations of neuroticism and extraversion with risky or problematic alcohol use in both clinical and nonclinical samples. More recently, alexithymia—a personality trait defined by difficulties in identifying and describing feelings as well as concrete thinking—has been implicated as a risk factor for problematic drinking; however, whether it is an independent risk factor or overlaps with others has not been determined. The present study examined neuroticism, extraversion, and alexithymia in relation to risky drinking in a nonclinical sample of 285 alcohol consumers aged 18-60 years. Neuroticism and extraversion were measured with the International Personality Item Pool Big Five Factor Markers, whereas alexithymia was measured with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale 20. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test provided an index of alcohol-related risk. Hierarchical regression indicated that neuroticism, extraversion, and alexithymia were all significant positive predictors of risky drinking after controlling for demographic and mood variables. Alexithymia was positively related to neuroticism, and both were negatively related to extraversion. The relationship between alexithymia and risky drinking was partially mediated by neuroticism, and the association of alexithymia with neuroticism was partially mediated by negative mood. Neuroticism, extraversion, and alexithymia appear to be independently related to alcohol-related risk, although the influence of alexithymia may partially overlap with that of neuroticism. Both alexithymia and neuroticism are associated with proneness to negative moods; a reliance on drinking to cope with such states may account for the links of both traits to risky or problematic drinking in line with Cloninger’s type I alcoholism. However, additional aspects of alexithymia may also contribute to its role in alcohol-related risk. The relationship of extraversion to risky drinking appears congruent with Cloninger’s type II alcoholism, where high reward sensitivity motivates drinking to enhance positive states.
The Hoisington Tape: An Oral History of E. B. Titchener’s Last Years at Cornell (1921-1927)
Authors: Marshall Philip H.
Published: December 2019

L. B. Hoisington (1883-1970) was a graduate student and then faculty colleague of E. B. Titchener (1867-1927) at Cornell University. In 1965, Hoisington gave a tape-recorded oral history interview conducted by Dr. Joseph “Bob” Ray (1924-2007), then professor of clinical psychology at Texas Tech University. Hoisington and Ray were formerly together as faculty and graduate student, respectively, at the University of Oklahoma. The interview focused on Hoisington’s memories and reflections about Titchener. The purpose of this report is to present to students and scholars of the history of psychology an overview of the contents of that candid, refreshingly personal interview. This report is not meant to be a detailed critical analysis of Hoisington’s recollections, although much of the substance and tenor of his remarks are corroborated in the scholarly record. A transcript of the 1-hr, 12-min interview is available as supplemental material (Marshall, 2019; https://www.press.uillinois.edu/journals/ajp/media/hoisington_tape/).
Herbs and Saints in the City of Angels: Researching Botánicas, Healing, and Power in Southern California
Authors: Jones Michael Owen
Published: December 2019

This essay presents results of an exploratory project from 2000–2002 on folk medicine among Latinx healers in Los Angeles, initiated because little research had been conducted on botánicas anywhere in the United States. The findings reveal that most of the healers are steeped in more than one religious and healing tradition, and that many of these specialists are not, as sometimes assumed, poorly educated, unsophisticated, or adversaries of biomedical care. In addition, clientele are not exclusively Latinx, immigrants, or impoverished, and they seek help for physical, emotional, interpersonal, legal, and other problems including alcoholism, the last of which practitioners attend to with plant and ritual therapies as well as by recommending treatment centers. Data from this study can help inform educational and medical programs regarding faith-based and herbal therapies by vernacular practitioners in Los Angeles.
Assessing Strategic Orientation and Mosques Performance
Authors: Omar Ahmad Raflis Che , Hussin Mohd Yahya Mohd , Muhammad Fidlizan
Published: December 2019

Mosque plays important roles as the religious organization among Muslims. Despite a sacred place, there are some other socio-economic roles are carried out by these institution such as the Islamic teaching and learning centre, waqf and zakat (alms) management and hearse management. Nevertheless, currently there are increasing number of economic activities executed by mosque leaders to serve the local Muslims community. This study assesses the relationship between strategic orientation initiatives and mosque’s economic performance. The data is gathered through a structured questionnaire that was distributed amongst the mosques management committee leaders in the State of Selangor. The outcomes of path model analysis highlighted two important findings. First, the strategic orientation does exist among mosques management committee leaders. Second, relationship between strategic orientation and mosques non-financial performance is significantly related. The empirical evidence provides important initial exploration on enhancement of strategic orientation theory in the context of religion based organization. Drawing from the findings, we promote strategic choice for future mosque’s strategic engagement with certain types of valuable community based economic activities.
Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence From Malaysian Food and Beverage Firms
Authors: Basri Mohd Faizal , Shoib Fitri Shuhaida , Kamaralzaman Surianor
Published: December 2019

This paper investigates the firm-specific elements, which are profitability, growth, tangible assets and liquidity in determining the capital structure of Food and Beverage (F&B) firms in Malaysia. The research employed panel data regression model based on ordinary least square (OLS) method. The sample of research consists of eight firms listed in the food producer segment in Bursa Malaysia for the period between 2013 and 2018, with a total observation of 48 firms-years. Debt to equity was chosen as dependent variable. On the other hand, profitability, asset growth, tangibility of assets, and liquidity were selected as independent variables. The findings showed that profitability and tangibility of assets are positively related to debt to equity. Meanwhile, growth of assets and liquidity were insignificant to the dependent variable. The trade-off theory of capital structure is very much applicable to the F&B firms in Malaysia due to the fact that profitability and tangibility of assets have significant relationship with debt.
Mosquepreneur in Perak: Reality or Fantasy?
Authors: Aliyasak Mohd Zul Izwan , Hussin Mohd Yahya Mohd , Muhammad Fidlizan , Razak Azila Abdul
Published: December 2019

Social activities at the mosque are still something new in Malaysia and it has not received a lot of attention. However, there are still a few mosque institutions which have focused on social entrepreneurship activities for increasing the mosque’s income source. The questionnaires were distributed to 52 mosque chairmen and observation was done to see the potential of local social entrepreneurship activities based on factors such as the organisational profile, the mosque demographics, assets, income acceptance, social and finance business activities. The data was analysed quantitatively using descriptive analysis. The findings showed that most mosque institutions were able to raise income from entrepreneurial activities. The social activities conducted can increase the mosque income and bring benefit to the local community especially the Muslim community in general. As such, the study findings can provide inspiration and indication for other mosques to take part in social entrepreneurial activities in order to intensify the mosquepreneur efforts.
The Reciprocal Relationship Between Earnings Management, Disclosure Quality and Board Independence: UK Evidence
Authors: Katmon Nooraisah , Al-Farooque Omar
Published: December 2019

We empirically examine the reciprocal relationships between disclosure quality, board independence and earnings management. Disclosure quality is measured using the IR Magazine Award, the number of forward looking information in the annual report as well as the analyst forecast accuracy. We estimate earnings management using modified Jones Model, while board independence is measured using the percentage of independent directors in the board. We remedied the simultaneity bias in our study using a simultaneous system of equation, which was estimated using two-stage least square regression (2SLS). Match-paired samples comprised of the winners and non-winners of the IR Magazine Award during the years from 2005-2008 were employed in our study. Our finding reported that there is a negative reciprocal relationship between disclosure quality and earnings management. We notice that these findings are robust across all disclosure quality measurement that we utilised in our 2 Stage Least Square (2SLS) regression. Only one way (negative) causality between board independence and earnings management is demonstrated (in the board independence equation). In regards to disclosure quality and board independence, we found mixed findings. In this instance, our result demonstrated that there is no reciprocal relationship between disclosure quality and board independence (measured using IRAWARD). Nonetheless, we reported a positive reciprocal relationship between board independence and disclosure quality when forward looking information is utilized as to represent disclosure quality and a negative relationship between these variables when analyst forecast accuracy is employed. Our finding suggests that future research should take into account the potential simultaneity bias when examining the relationship between disclosure quality, earnings management and board independence.
The Implemention of Total Productive Maintenance in Malaysia Automotive Industry
Authors: Habidin Nurul Fadly , Hashim Suzaituladwini , Fuzi Nursyazwani Mohd , Salleh Mad Ithnin , Mustaffa Wan Salmuni Wan , Hudin Norlaile Salleh
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this paper is to determine the implementation of total productive maintenance in Malaysian automotive industry. 400 questionnaires were distributed to Malaysian automotive industry and 229 were completed, giving a response rate of 57.25%. Based on the developed models, the results of the study provide guidance for effective implementation of total productive maintenance in Malaysian automotive industry. This study makes a new contribution to the Malaysian automotive industry for total productive maintenance implementation. This study provides important information for decision makers to implement total productive maintenance in automotive industry and also provides useful information for future researchers in the total productive maintenance area.
Lexical Bundles in Thesis Abstracts by L1 Chinese Learners of English and U.S. Students
Authors: Lyu Meng , W. Gee Roger
Published: December 2019

The general question this research investigates concerns the difference between the use of lexical bundles in a corpus of abstracts for theses in the liberal arts written by Chinese undergraduate students and a corpus of abstracts written by American master's degree students.  The undergraduate abstracts were first written in Chinese and then translated in to English at a medium-sized university in China. The master’s degree theses abstracts were downloaded from an online database.  It was found that there were differences in the types and tokens of lexical bundles in the two corpora with few shared bundles. There were fewer differences in the structural characteristics and in the functions of the lexical bundles found in the two corpora. Specific pedagogical recommendations are made, as well as implications regarding methodology in future research.
Assessment of the situation of young people in the labour market in border regions – hybrid approach
Authors: Obrębalski Marek , Walesiak Marek
Published: December 2019

The aim of the paper is to measure the scope and degree of differences in the situation of young people in the labour market in the border regions of Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany in 2010 and 2018, using six metric variables. For the purpose of the study, a hybrid approach was adopted, which involved carrying out linear ordering of the studied regions on the basis of the results of multidimensional scaling. The synthetic assessment of the changes in the situation of young people in the labour market in border regions was performed using the aggregate measure and Theil’s decomposition. The study was based on data from Eurostat’s REGIO database. It demonstrated that the situation of young people in the labour market in all the examined regions had significantly improved in the studied period. It also showed that Polish border regions, in addition to being significantly diversified in this respect, are in a worse situation than their German or Czech counterparts, but overall, the interregional disproportions among the countries shrank in the analysed period.
An improvement of real-time polymerase chain reaction system based on probe modification is required for accurate detection of African swine fever virus in clinical samples in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Ha Thi Thanh , Dang Anh Kieu , Ly Duc Viet , Vu Hao Thi , Hoang Tuan Van , Nguyen Chinh Thi , Chu Nhu Thi , Nguyen Vinh The , Nguyen Huyen Thi , Truong Anh Duc , Pham Ngoc Thi , Dang Hoang Vu
Published: December 2019

Objective: The rapid and reliable detection of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) plays an important role in emergency control and preventive measures of ASF. Some methods have been recommended by FAO/OIE to detect ASFV in clinical samples, including realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, mismatches in primer and probe binding regions may cause a false-negative result. Here, a slight modification in probe sequence has been conducted to improve the qualification of real-time PCR based on World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) protocol for accurate detection of ASFV in field samples in Vietnam.Methods: Seven positive confirmed samples (four samples have no mismatch, and three samples contained one mutation in probe binding sites) were used to establish novel real-time PCR with slightly modified probe (Y = C or T) in comparison with original probe recommended by OIE.Results: Both real-time PCRs using the OIE-recommended probe and novel modified probe can detect ASFV in clinical samples without mismatch in probe binding site. A high correlation of cycle quantification (Cq) values was observed in which Cq values obtained from both probes arranged from 22 to 25, suggesting that modified probe sequence does not impede the qualification of real-time PCR to detect ASFV in clinical samples. However, the samples with one mutation in probe binding sites were ASFV negative with OIE recommended probe but positive with our modified probe (Cq value ranked between 33.12-35.78).Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that a mismatch in probe binding regions caused a false negative result by OIE recommended real-time PCR, and a slightly modified probe is required to enhance the sensitivity and obtain an ASF accurate diagnosis in field samples in Vietnam.
Comparison of carcass and meat quality traits between lean and fat Pekin ducks
Authors: Ding Si-Ran , Li Guang-Sheng , Chen Si-Rui , Zhu Feng , Hao Jin-Ping , Yang Fang-Xi , Hou Zhuo-Cheng
Published: December 2019

Objective: According to market demand, meat duck breeding mainly includes 2 breeding directions: lean Pekin duck (LPD) and fat Pekin duck (FPD). The aim of the present study was to compare carcass and meat quality traits between 2 strains, and to provide basic data for guidelines of processing and meat quality improvement. Methods: A total of 62 female Pekin ducks (32 LPDs and 30 FPDs) were slaughtered at the age of 42 days. The live body weight and carcass traits were measured and calculated. Physical properties of breast muscle were determined by texture analyzer and muscle fibers were measured by paraffin sections. The content of inosine monophosphate (IMP), intramuscular fat (IMF) and fatty acids composition were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, Soxhlet extraction method and automated gas chromatography respectively. Results: The results showed that the bodyweight of LPDs was higher than that of FPDs. FPDs were significantly higher than LPDs in subcutaneous fat thickness, subcutaneous fat weight, subcutaneous fat percentage, abdominal fat percentage and abdominal fat shear force (p<0.01). LPDs were significantly higher than FPDs in breast muscle thickness, breast muscle weight, breast muscle rate and breast muscle shear force (p<0.01). The muscle fiber average area and fiber diameter of LPDs were significantly higher than those of FPDs (p<0.01). The muscle fiber density of LPDs was significantly lower than that of FPDs (p<0.01). The IMF of LPDs in the breast muscle was significantly higher than that in the FPDs (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between the 2 strains in IMP content (p>0.05). The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of LPDs was significantly higher than that of FPDs (p<0.01), and FPDs had higher saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: Long-term breeding work resulted in vast differences between the two strains Pekin ducks. This study provides a reference for differences between LPD and FPD that manifest as a result of long-term selection.
Coordinated alteration of mRNA-microRNA transcriptomes associated with exosomes and fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in grazing cattle
Authors: Muroya Susumu , Ogasawara Hideki , Nohara Kana , Oe Mika , Ojima Koichi , Hojito Masayuki
Published: December 2019

Objective: On the hypothesis that grazing of cattle prompts organs to secrete or internalize circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) in parallel with changes in energy metabolism, we aimed to clarify biological events in adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissues in grazing Japanese Shorthorn (JSH) steers by a transcriptomic approach.Methods: The subcutaneous fat (SCF), biceps femoris muscle (BFM), and liver in JSH steers after three months of grazing or housing were analyzed using microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), followed by gene ontology (GO) and functional annotation analyses.Results: The results of transcriptomics indicated that SCF was highly responsive to grazing compared to BFM and liver tissues. The ‘Exosome’, ‘Carbohydrate metabolism’ and ‘Lipid metabolism’ were extracted as the relevant GO terms in SCF and BFM, and/or liver from the >1.5-fold-altered mRNAs in grazing steers. The qPCR analyses showed a trend of upregulated gene expression related to exosome secretion and internalization (charged multivesicular body protein 4A, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B, vesicle associated membrane protein 7, caveolin 1) in the BFM and SCF, as well as upregulation of lipolysisassociated mRNAs (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, hormone-sensitive lipase, perilipin 1, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid binding protein 4) and most of the microRNAs (miRNAs) in SCF. Moreover, gene expression related to fatty acid uptake and inter-organ signaling (solute carrier family 27 member 4 and angiopoietin-like 4) was upregulated in BFM, suggesting activation of SCF-BFM organ crosstalk for energy metabolism. Meanwhile, expression of plasma exosomal miR-16a, miR-19b, miR-21-5p, and miR-142-5p was reduced. According to bioinformatic analyses, the c-miRNA target genes are associated with the terms ‘Endosome’, ‘Caveola’, ‘Endocytosis’, ‘Carbohydrate metabolism’, and with pathways related to environmental information processing and the endocrine system.Conclusion: Exosome and fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression was altered in SCF of grazing cattle, which could be regulated by miRNA such as miR-142-5p. These changes occurred coordinately in both the SCF and BFM, suggesting involvement of exosome in the SCF-BFM organ crosstalk to modulate energy metabolism.
Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid and piperine on gene regulation in pig kidney epithelial cell lines
Authors: Shin Juhyun , Lee Yoon-Mi , Oh Jeongheon , Jung Seunghwa , Oh Jae-Wook
Published: December 2019

Objective: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and piperine (PIP) are both nutritional supplements with potential use in animal diets. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of GABA and/or PIP treatment on the gene expression pattern of a pig kidney epithelial cell line.Methods: LLCPK1 cells were treated with GABA, PIP, or both, and then the gene expression pattern was analyzed using microarray. Gene ontology analysis was done using GeneOntology (Geneontology.org), and validation was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Gene ontology enrichment analysis was used to identify key pathway(s) of genes whose expression levels were regulated by these treatments. Microarray results showed that GABA had a positive effect on the transcription of genes related to regulation of erythrocyte differentiation and that GABA and PIP in combination had a synergistic effect on genes related to immune systems and processes. Furthermore, we found that effects of GABA and/or PIP on these selected genes were controlled by JNK/p38 MAPK pathway.Conclusion: These results can improve our understanding of mechanisms involved in the effect of GABA and/or PIP treatment on pig kidney epithelial cells. They can also help us evaluate their potential as a clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Effects of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae hydrolysate on nutrient ileal digestibility in growing pigs compared to those of defatted mealworm larvae meal, fermented poultry by-product, and hydrolyzed fish soluble
Authors: Cho Kyung Hoon , Kang Sun Woo , Yoo Jong Sang , Song Dae Kil , Chung Yi Hyung , Kwon Gyoo Taik , Kim Yoo Yong
Published: December 2019

Objective: To investigate effect of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae hydrolysate on nutrient ileal digestibility compared to those of dried mealworm larvae meal, fermented poultry by-product, and hydrolyzed fish soluble in growing pigs.Methods: A total of 12 crossbred ([Landrace×Yorkshire]×Duroc) growing pigs with average body weight of 28.70±0.32 kg were surgically equipped with simple T-cannulas. A total of 12 pigs were assigned to individual metabolic crates and allotted to one of four treatments with 3 replicates in a fully randomized design.Results: Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM) was the highest in pigs fed HML diet. AIDs of crude protein (CP) were higher in pigs fed HML and DMLM diets than those in pigs fed the other two diets. AID of total amino acid was higher (p = 0.06) in pigs fed HML diet. AIDs of lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), and threonine (Thr) were similar in pigs fed DMLM and HML diets, but were higher (p = 0.05, p<0.05, and p = 0.05, respectively) than those in pigs fed FPBM or HFS diet. Pigs fed HML diet had higher standardized ileal digestibilities (SIDs) of DM and CP (p<0.05 and p<0.05, respectively) compared to pigs fed the other FPBM and HFS diets. SIDs of total amino acid were not different (p = 0.06) between treatments. For SIDs of Lys, Met, and Thr, pigs fed HML and DMLM diets showed higher SIDs (p = 0.05, p<0.05, and p<0.05, respectively) than pigs fed FPBM and HFS diets. SIDs of non-essential amino acids (aspartic acid, glycine, and alanine) were higher (p<0.05, p< 0.05, and p<0.05, respectively) in pigs fed HML, FPBM, and DMLM diets than those in pigs fed the HFS diet. AID and SID of glutamic acid were higher in pigs fed HML and FPBM diets.Conclusion: In conclusion, dietary supplementation of mealworm larvae hydrolysate had higher digestibility in DM, CP, Lys, Met, and Thr compared to dietary supplementation with fermented poultry by-product and hydrolyzed fish soluble.
Cross-Year Peer Mentorship in Introductory Philosophy Classes
Authors: Walsh Julie , Fulmer Sara M. , Pociask Sarah ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2019

Philosophical writing is challenging for students new to philosophy. Many philosophy classes are populated, for the most part, by students who have never taken philosophy before. While many institutions offer general writing support services, these services tend to be most beneficial for helping to identify problems with style and grammar. They are not equipped to help students with the particular challenges that come with writing philosophy for the first time. We implemented the Home Base Mentoring Program in two introductory-level philosophy courses to target the specific challenges that novice learners have when learning how to write philosophy. Through the program, students had access to writing mentors who were undergraduate senior philosophy majors. Based on surveys given to the students who have participated in this program, we found that the program boosted student confidence in writing and also worked to develop a welcoming, judgment-free, and encouraging environment in the philosophy department more generally.
Newman’s Skeptical Paradox
Authors: Milburn Joe ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2019

John Henry Newman starts the second half of the Grammar of Assent by laying out a “paradox,” and he announces that the purpose of the following chapters of the book is to resolve it. Surprisingly, recent scholarship has tended not to question the nature of this paradox. In this paper, I argue that we should understand Newman’s paradox to be a kind of skeptical paradox that arises when we accept “Lockean rationalism.” I then show how Newman deals with the paradox. One of the upshots of this reading is that “naturalism” plays a smaller role in Newman’s anti-skepticism than previous commentators have suggested. Another is that we should understand Newman to be a kind of infallibilist.
Towards a Broader Construal of Evidence
Authors: Aquino Frederick D. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2019

John Henry Newman’s philosophical reflection on the nature of faith and its relation to evidence is fascinating, complex, and slightly misleading; yet it shows constructive promise. In particular, I argue that his broader construal of reason should concomitantly play out in a broader construal of evidence. Accordingly, I show how Newman’s distinction between different modes of reasoning informs his understanding of the relationship between faith and evidence. I conclude with three areas that deserve further epistemological attention and development: namely, a more expansive construal of evidence in light of Newman’s broader account of reason, a more constructive understanding of the relationship between his cumulative, though informal, approach and natural theology, and whether his account of faith and evidence operates with a kind of phenomenal conservatism.
Научная политика в России
Authors: Яковлева Александра Федо-ровна ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: December 2019

В рамках нового политического цикла научная политика в России становится одним из приори-тетных направлений действия российской власти по формированию позитивного образа страны и отстаиванию интересов государства в мировом сообществе. В условиях принятия Стратегии науч-но-технологического развития и начатой реали-зации Национального проекта «Наука» обсужде-ние целей научно-технического развития выходит на новый уровень отношений в триаде «наука-общество-власть». Однако без понимания ключе-вых проблем, которые существуют в поле наука-общество-власть, довольно сложно и намечать стратегические приоритеты, и последовательно двигаться к их реализации. Анализ базовых идей и ценностей, формирующих стратегические при-оритеты в принятии политических решений в сфере науки, требует в первую очередь проведе-ния оценки соответствия механизмов и инстру-ментов, направленных на выработку и реализа-цию научной политики (прежде всего, с точки зрения социальных технологий их реализации), идеям и в целом тенденциям развития научного знания в России. Гипотезой исследования являет-ся тезис о том, что устойчивое отношение к науке со стороны власти лишь как к инструменту, об-служивающему ту или иную сферу общественной жизни и производства – образования, производ-ства технологий и инноваций, – а не как к системе совершенно особых ценностей и социальному институту, обеспечивающему достижение целей научного познания, не дает возможности выра-ботки последовательной научной политики в Рос-сии. В статье обсуждается возможность и необ-ходимость в ближайшее время сформировать модель на базе разработанной системы пара-метров взаимодействия в триаде «наука-общество-власть», отражающую специфику их взаимного восприятия и одновременно демонст-рирующую каналы их коммуникации. Концепту-альный же анализ структурных и содержательных изменений контекста отечественной науки, про-исходящих в последние годы, позволяет фиксировать ключевые проблемные зоны в данной области исследования.
Цифровая трансформация экономики и общества
Authors: Герасимова Ирина Алексеевна ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: December 2019

В данной статье обсуждаются стратегии построе-ния глобального информационного общества и цифровой экономики с точки зрения STS-методологий. Анализируются официальные стра-тегические документы в контексте технологиче-ского и гуманитарного дискурсов. Предлагается риско-ориентированный подход, который разви-вается в рамках концепции, объединяющей «гео-био-социо-антропо-технологические» системы. В исследовании управленческого языка автор опирается на подход А. П. Огурцова, в котором различаются объективное (натуралистическое) и метафорические описания. Показывается, что в условиях становления цифрового общества в управленческом языке опираются, главным об-разом, на метафорические средства описания. На вопрос о возможности конвергенции техноло-гического и гуманитарного подходов к цифровой экономике автор отвечает положительно.
Цифровизация в сфере здравоохранения
Authors: Курбанов Артемий Рустямович ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: December 2019

Рассматриваются особенности применения циф-ровых технологий в здравоохранении, прежде всего, в рамках цифровой эпидемиологии. Дан обзор значимых проектов в этой сфере, таких как web-сервисы Google Dengue Trends (GDT) и Google Flu Trends (GFT), GIDEON, цифровое кар-тирование ареалов распространения различных заболеваний. Показано, что развитие цифровых технологий в здравоохранении должно сопро-вождаться комплексными социально-экономическими преобразованиями для пре-одоления неравенства в доступе к медицинским услугам, которое существует между жителями различных стран и регионов.
Научный капитализм в академических социальных сетях и анализ его влияния на ученых
Authors: Куприянов Виктор Александрович , Хватова Татьяна Юрьевна , Душина Светлана Александровна ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: December 2019

В статье анализируется влияние академиче-ских социальных сетей на коммуникативные практики российских ученых. В последние го-ды академические социальные сети (ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Mendeley и др.) получают все большее распространение среди исследователей. Социальные сети отвечают потребности исследователей в расширении своего когнитивного влияния, одновременно втягивая в свою систему отношений и застав-ляя вести себя в соответствии со своими алго-ритмами. Авторы исходят из положения, что в социальные сети заложена идея глобального рынка и академического капитализма. В ста-тье дается аналитика понятия научного (ака-демического) капитализма и его репрезента-ции в академических социальных сетях. Ры-ночное понимание науки корреспондирует с идеологией неолиберализма, что позволяет авторам трактовать академические социаль-ные сети как проявление неолиберального понимания науки. В качестве основных мар-керов неолиберальной науки выделяется идея свободной конкуренции в унифицированных условиях, научный индивидуализм, мерито-кратия, открытость. Авторы показывают, что социальные сети полностью соответствуют данным критериям капиталистического пони-мания социальной структуры науки, которые противоречат традиционным, исторически сформировавшимся социальным институтам. В эмпирической части исследования на основе методов онлайн-анкетирования и последую-щей математической обработки данных за-фиксировано, что сформировалась социаль-ная группа ученых, которая особенно воспри-имчива к идеологии научного неолиберализ-ма и тем самым способствует утверждению рыночных отношений в науке. Заключается, что академические социальные сети оказыва-ются эффективным инструментом интернали-зации идеологии научного капитализма и от-крытой науки.
Тавтологии и противоречия в философии языка: когнитивные и грамматические аспекты
Authors: Вострикова Екатерина Васильевна , Куслий Петр Сергеевич ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: December 2019

В данной статье мы исследовали когнитивные и грамматические аспекты тавтологий и про-тиворечий в современной философии языка и формальном языкознании. Мы рассматрива-ем куайновскую критику понятия аналитично-сти, в результате которой несвязанными с эм-пирической реальностью оказались лишь про-тиворечия и тавтологии. Мы показываем, что противоречивые и тавтологичные предложе-ния являются проблематичными с когнитив-ной точки зрения. Мы выдвигаем тезис о том, что естественный язык допускает такого рода высказывания только потому, что существует возможность их непротиворечивой или нетав-тологичной интерпретации. Противоречия и тавтологии, которые являются таковыми в си-лу сочетания логических констант в этих пред-ложениях, исключаются в естественных языках как грамматически некорректные. Таким об-разом, мы не только знакомим читателя с но-вым видом тавтологий и противоречий, ис-следовавшимся ранее преимущественно в лингвистической литературе, но также с его помощью демонстрируем чувствительность грамматик естественных языков к когнитивной значимости формулируемых в них утвержде-ний.
Разрушая башню из слоновой кости
Authors: Тухватулина Лиана Анваровна ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: December 2019

В статье анализируется проблема эпистемоло-гического статуса экспертного знания. Автор полагает, что экспертное знание следует рас-сматривать как специфическую форму комму-никации науки и политики в современном ми-ре. В статье осмысляются основания норма-тивной модели экспертизы, которая призвана обеспечить коммуникацию науки и политики как автономных социальных институтов. Автор использует введенные М. Вебером понятия формальной и материальной рациональности для реконструкции научной рациональности. Автор считает, что современное общество за-интересовано в сохранении научного статуса экспертного знания, а потому формальная ра-циональность в науке не должна подвергаться «материализации». Осмысляя возможность «ценностно нейтрального» экспертного зна-ния, автор выдвигает идею «экстернализован-ной» экспертизы, в соответствии с которой, регулятивной идеей экспертизы становится ее прозрачность. Ученые-эксперты агрегируют научное знание (или же сообщают о его отсут-ствии) в отношении поставленной проблемы, а также вырабатывают возможные альтерна-тивы ее решения. В свою очередь, выбор оп-тимального решения и формирование ценно-стного консенсуса производится посредством публичного обсуждения. Автор полагает, что «экстернализованная» экспертиза позволяет нейтрализовать угрозы технократизма и попу-лизма и способствует развитию политической культуры в демократическом обществе.
Siglec1-expressing subcapsular sinus macrophages provide soil for melanoma lymph node metastasis
Authors: Singh Rohit , Choi Beom K
Published: December 2019

Lymph nodes (LNs) are a common site of metastasis in solid cancers, and cutaneous melanomas show inherent properties of LN colonization. However, interactions between LN stroma and pioneer metastatic cells during metastatic colonization remain largely uncharacterized. Here we studied mice implanted with GFP-expressing melanoma cells to decipher early LN colonization events. We show that Siglec1-expressing subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophages provide anchorage to pioneer metastatic cells. We performed in vitro co-culture to demonstrate that interactions between hypersialylated cancer cells and Siglec1 drive the proliferation of cancer cells. When comparing the transcriptome profile of Siglec1-interacting cancer cells against non-Siglec1-interacting cancer cells, we detected enrichment in positive regulators of cell cycle progression. Further, knockout of St3gal3 sialyltransferase compromised the metastatic efficiency of tumor cells by reducing α−2,3-linked sialylation. Thus, the interaction between Siglec1-expressing SCS macrophages and pioneer metastatic cells drives cell cycle progression and enables efficient metastatic colonization.