bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple Molecules under High‐Pressure and High‐Temperature Conditions: Synthesis and Characterization of α‐ and β‐C(NH)2 with Fully sp3‐Hybridized Carbon
Authors: Koller Thaddäus J. , Jin Siyu , Krol Viktoria , Ambach Sebastian J. , Ranieri Umbertoluca , Khandarkhaeva Saiana , Spender James , McWilliams Stewart , Trybel Florian , Giordano Nico , Poreba Tomasz , Mezouar Mohamed , Kuang Xiaoyu , Lu Cheng , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Dubrovinskaia Natalia , Hermann Andreas , Schnick Wolfgang , Laniel Dominique
Published: December 2023

The elements hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen are among the most abundant in the solar system. Still, little is known about the ternary compounds these elements can form under the high‐pressure and high‐temperature conditions found in the outer planets’ interiors. These materials are also of significant research interest since they are predicted to feature many desirable properties such as high thermal conductivity and hardness due to strong covalent bonding networks. In this study, the high‐pressure high‐temperature reaction behavior of malononitrile H2C(CN)2, dicyandiamide (H2N)2C=NCN, and melamine (C3N3)(NH2)3 was investigated in laser‐heated diamond anvil cells. Two previously unknown compounds, namely α‐C(NH)2 and β‐C(NH)2, have been synthesized and found to have fully sp3‐hybridized carbon atoms. α‐C(NH)2 crystallizes in a distorted β‐cristobalite structure, while β‐C(NH)2 is built from previously unknown imide‐bridged 2,4,6,8,9,10‐hexaazaadamantane units, which form two independent interpenetrating diamond‐like networks. Their stability domains and compressibility were studied, for which supporting density functional theory calculations were performed.
Flexible piezoelectric sensor based on polyacrylonitrile/MWCNT/MXene composites films for human physiological health detection
Authors: Zhang Jiyan , Wang Zihan , Huang Yan , Pi Xuefeng , Wu Yibo , Shi Qisong
Published: December 2023

Flexible piezoelectric sensors combine advantages including low‐cost, flexibility, multi‐functions, present a huge market prospect. In this research, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/MXene/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) piezoelectric composites films for flexible piezoelectric sensors are fabricated by electrospinning technology, the planar zigzag conformation content of 97.98% in PAN composite fibers is achieved owing to the synergistic effect of MWCNT and MXene, the synergistic effect of MWCNT and MXene nanoparticles can also efficiently promote the mechanical performance and piezoelectric output. The piezoelectric sensor exhibits fast response time (10.21 ms), a possible mechanism is proposed to explain the improvement of piezoelectric effect. The sensor can measure human pulse, distinguish human movements, the fabricated sensor has broad practical value in the field of healthcare, its' use can contribute to stable and accurate measurements of physiological parameters, enabling applications in various healthcare and fitness monitoring scenarios.
Transient performance improvement of DFIG‐based wind farm by H‐bridge fault current limiter
Authors: Hossain Md. Arafat , Hasan Jakir , Upadhay Arghya Das , Haque Md. Yah‐Ya Ul , Islam Md. Rashidul
Published: December 2023

Despite the unique advantages a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) offers to the grid‐integrated renewable energy systems, they have a limitation of being susceptible to grid fault as their stator windings are directly connected to the grid. The fault current limiters (FCLs) provide a sustainable solution by enhancing the fault ride‐through capability and thus it improve the transient performance of a DFIG. In this work, a multi‐inductor‐based H‐bridge fault current limiter (HBFCL) is proposed to augment the transient performance of a DFIG. The operational efficacy of the HBFCL is evaluated through the administration of both symmetrical and asymmetrical fault scenarios. The effectiveness of the HBFCL is further investigated by comparing the performance of the HBFCL with that of the bridge‐type series dynamic braking resistor (BSDBR). Both the graphical and numerical interpretations of the simulation result assert that the HBFCL improves the transient performance of a DFIG‐based wind farm and outweighs the performance of the BSDBR in all aspects.
Introduction of a Chiral Biphenanthrene‐Diol Unit to Achieve Circularly Polarized Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Lei Jian , Lou Ting‐An , Chen Chong‐Rui , Chuang Chia‐Hsiang , Liu Hau‐Yu , Hsu Liang‐Yan , Chao Yu‐Chiang , Wu Tien‐Lin
Published: December 2023

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials are promising candidates for future display technology. However, such highly efficient emitters suffer from the issues of difficult chiral separation and low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). In this work, the chiral 4,4′‐biphenanthrene‐3,3′‐diol (BIPOL) unit was introduced into a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) framework for the first time. We presented two series of enantiomers, R/S‐o‐DCzBPNCN and R/S‐p‐DCzBPNCN, and the synthesis of enantiopure BIPOL can be prepared via normal column chromatography. Notably, o‐DCzBPNCN showed narrow singlet‐triplet gap of 0.05 eV, efficient TADF, and high PLQYs of 82 % in doped films. In addition, R/S‐o‐DCzBPNCN exhibited high luminescence dissymmetry factor (gPL) values of −1.94×10−2/+1.91×10−2 in doped films. The strategy of BIPOL introduction offers a new approach to organic emitters with stereospecific synthesis, TADF, and chiroptical properties.
Aspirin boosts the synergistic effect of EGFR/p53 inhibitors on lung cancer cells by regulating AKT/mTOR and p53 pathways
Authors: Liu Zhen , Cui Li , Wang Jinyao , Zhao Wanshun , Teng Yuou
Published: December 2023

The regimen of afatinib and vinorelbine has been used to treat breast or lung cancer cells with some limitations. Aspirin alone or in combination with other agents has shown unique efficacy in the treatment of cancer. We designed a preclinical study to investigate whether the triple therapy of aspirin, afatinib, and vinorelbine could synergistically inhibit the growth of p53 wild‐type nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Three NSCLC cells A549, H460, and H1975 were selected to study the effect of triple therapy on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Compared to single agents, triple therapy synergistically inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells with combination index <1. Meanwhile, the therapeutic index of triple therapy was superior to that of single agents, indicating a balance between efficacy and safety in the combination of three agents. Mechanistic studies showed that triple therapy significantly induced apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, increasing reactive oxygen species, and regulating mitochondria‐related proteins. Moreover, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) downstream signaling proteins including JNK, AKT, and mTOR were dramatically suppressed and p53 was substantially increased after NSCLC cells were exposed to the triple therapy. We provided evidence that the triple therapy of aspirin, afatinib and vinorelbine synergistically inhibited lung cancer cell growth through inactivation of the EGFR/AKT/mTOR pathway and accumulation of p53, providing a new treatment strategy for patients with p53 wild‐type NSCLC.
14‐3‐3‐η interacts with BCL‐2 to protect human endothelial progenitor cells from ox‐LDL‐triggered damage
Authors: Zhou Hui , Sun Xiaopei , Dai Yi , Wang Xiaotong , Dai Zhihong , Li Xiuli
Published: December 2023

Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) causes dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and we recently reported that 14‐3‐3‐η can attenuate the damage triggered by ox‐LDL in EPCs. However, the molecular mechanisms by which 14‐3‐3‐η protects EPCs from the damage caused by ox‐LDL are not fully understood. In this study, we observed that the expression of 14‐3‐3‐η and BCL‐2 were downregulated in ox‐LDL‐treated EPCs. Overexpression of 14‐3‐3‐η in ox‐LDL‐treated EPC significantly increased BCL‐2 level, while knockdown of BCL‐2 reduced 14‐3‐3‐η expression and mitigated the protective effect of 14‐3‐3‐η on EPCs. In addition, we discovered that 14‐3‐3‐η colocalizes and interacts with BCL‐2 in EPCs. Taken together, these data suggest that 14‐3‐3‐η protects EPCs from ox‐LDL‐induced damage by its interaction with BCL‐2.
The potential role of stem cells‐derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of musculoskeletal system diseases
Authors: Li Zhuo , Hou Demiao , Tang Zijin , Xiong Lishun , Yan Yiguo
Published: December 2023

The therapeutic potential of stem cells‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has shown a great progress in the regenerative medicine. EVs are rich in a variety of bioactive substances, which are important carriers of signal transmission and interactions between cells, and they play an important role in the processes of tissue repair and regeneration. Several studies have shown that stem cells‐derived EVs regulate immunity, promote cell proliferation and differentiation, enhance bone and vascular regeneration, and play an increasingly important role in musculoskeletal system. This review aimed to describe the biological characteristics of stem cells‐derived EVs and discuss their potential role in the therapy of musculoskeletal system diseases.
Interconnected Digital Solutions to Accelerate Modeling of the Reaction Kinetics in Catalysis
Authors: Chacko Rinu , Gossler Hendrik , Angeli Sofia , Deutschmann Olaf
Published: December 2023

Microkinetic modeling is a widely used tool in the domain of heterogeneous catalysis to gain valuable insights about the fundamental surface kinetics, crucial to designing improved catalysts. The development of a microkinetic model is a multi‐step process that demands expertise, a wide variety of experimental techniques, substantial computational resources, and extensive time and effort. In light of these challenges, automation within catalysis research is becoming increasingly important to allow exploration of a broader range of catalytic systems in a shorter timeframe. To this extent, a variety of digital tools and software have been developed to accelerate the development of microkinetic models. This work aims to highlight a selection of these tools that address the various challenges confronting the researchers in this field. These tools address diverse aspects, from the efficient storage of research data that allows easy retrieval and reuse, to the establishment of automated workflows that harness state‐of‐the‐art numerical solvers and algorithms that reduce manual effort. Through the use of automation, these aim to expedite and streamline the development and validation of models for catalytic systems, thereby reducing errors and increasing efficiency.
Trends und Herausforderungen bei der Entwicklung von Wasserstoffmotoren
Authors: Kubach Heiko , Bucherer Manuel , Gerber David , Grüninger Moritz , Heinz Alexander , Knapp Sebastian , Koch Thomas , Leimann David , Wagner Uwe , Ziegler Jonathan
Published: December 2023

Auf dem Weg zu einer klimaneutralen Mobilität können Wasserstoffmotoren vor allem im Bereich der Nutzfahrzeuge einen entscheidenden Beitrag leisten. Die Basistechnologie der Motoren ist bereits vorhanden und kann durch geringe Modifikationen angepasst werden. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt Trends bei der Wasserstoffmotorenentwicklung und wie deren Herausforderungen gemeistert werden können. Neben Aspekten der Infrastruktur und des Gesamtfahrzeugkonzepts stehen vor allem die Punkte Gemischbildung, Verbrennung und Emissionen im Fokus.
The influence of sodium alginate on the structural and adsorption properties of resorcinol‐formaldehyde resins and their porous carbon derivatives
Authors: Galaburda Mariia , Szewczuk‐Karpisz Katarzyna , Goncharuk Olena , Siryk Olena , Charmas Barbara , Deryło‐Marczewska Anna
Published: December 2023

A series of carbon composites were synthesised by carbonisation of resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin mixtures with the addition of different amounts of sodium alginate (SA) and compared with a composite prepared using Na2CO3as a catalyst for the polymerisation reaction. The effect of operating parameters such as SA concentration and polycondensation time on the structural and morphological properties of resorcinol‐formaldehyde resins (RFR) and carbon‐derived composites was investigated for further use as adsorbents. The synthesised composites were characterised by FTIR, SEM, Raman spectroscopy and N2adsorption/desorption techniques. It was found that the morphology, specific surface area (SBET~347‐559 m2/g), volume and particle size distribution (~0.5–4 μm) and porosity (Vpor=0.178–0.348 cm3/g) of the composites were influenced by the concentration of SA and the synthesis technique and determined the adsorption properties of the materials. It was found that the surface of the filled chars was found to have an affinity for heavy metals and has the ability to form chemical bonds with cadmium ions. The maximum sorption capacities for Cd(II), i. e. 13.28 mg/g, were observed for the sample synthesised with the highest SA content. This confirms the statement that as‐synthesised materials are promising adsorbents for environmental applications.
Near‐Infrared Emissive Indolizine Squaraine Fluorophores as Strong Molecular Viscosity Sensors
Authors: Ndaleh David , Meador William E. , Smith Cameron , Friedman Hannah C. , McGuire Madison , Caram Justin R. , Hammer Nathan I. , Delcamp Jared H.
Published: December 2023

Changes in the viscosity of intracellular microenvironments may indicate the onset of diseases like diabetes, blood‐based illnesses, hypertension, and Alzheimer's. To date, monitoring viscosity changes in the intracellular environment remains a challenge with prior work focusing primarily on visible light‐absorbing viscosity sensing fluorophores. Herein, a series of near‐infrared (NIR, 700–1000 nm) absorbing and emitting indolizine squaraine fluorophores (1PhSQ, 2PhSQ, SO3SQ, 1DMASQ, 7DMASQ, and 1,7DMASQ) are synthesized and studied for NIR viscosity sensitivity. 2PhSQ exhibits a very high slope in its Forster‐Hoffmann plot at 0.75 which indicates this dye is a potent viscosity sensor. The properties of the squaraine fluorophores are studied computationally via density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT. Experimentally, both steady‐state and time‐resolved emission spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical characterization are conducted on the dyes. Precise photophysical tuning is observed within the series with emission maxima wavelengths as long as 881 nm for 1,7DMASQ and fluorescence quantum yields as high as 39.5 and 72.0 % for 1PhSQ in DCM and THF, respectively. The high tunability of this molecular scaffold renders indolizine squaraine fluorophores excellent prospects as viscosity‐sensitive biological imaging agents with 2PhSQ giving a dramatically higher fluorescence quantum yield (from 0.3 to 37.1 %) as viscosity increases.
Iridium Catalyst Immobilized on Crosslinked Polyethyleneimine for Continuous Hydrogen Production Using Formic Acid
Authors: Sawahara Keito , Tanaka Shinji , Kodaira Tetsuya , Kanega Ryoichi , Kawanami Hajime
Published: December 2023

Invited for this month's cover is provided by researchers from National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan. The image shows the flow type continuous hydrogen production from formic acid and power generation by fuel cell achieved by the iridium catalyst immobilized on crosslinked polyethylene imine. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202301282.
Prevalence and recurrence of pica behaviors in early childhood within the ALSPAC birth cohort
Authors: Papini Natalie M. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Chawner Samuel J. R. A. , Micali Nadia
Published: December 2023

Objective

The present study examined prevalence and correlates of pica behaviors during childhood using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study.

Method

Data on 10,109 caregivers from the ALSPAC study who reported pica behavior at 36, 54, 65, 77, and 115 months on their child were included. Autism was obtained through clinical and education records, while DD was derived from the Denver Developmental Screening Test.

Results

A total of 312 parents (3.08%) reported pica behaviors in their child. Of these, 19.55% reported pica at least at two waves (n = 61). Pica was most common at 36 months (N = 226; 2.29%) and decreased as children aged. A significant association was found between pica and autism at all five waves (p < .001). There was a significant relationship between pica and DD, with individuals with DD more likely to experience pica than those without DD at 36 (p = .01), and 54 (p < .001), 65 (p = .04), 77 (p < .001), and 115 months (p = .006). Exploratory analyses examined pica behaviors with broader eating difficulties and child body mass index.

Discussion

This study enhances understanding of childhood pica behaviors, addressing a significant gap in knowledge. Pica occurrence in the general population is poorly understood due to few epidemiological studies. Findings from the present study indicate pica is an uncommon behavior in childhood; however, children with DD or autism may benefit from pica screening and diagnosis between ages 36 and 115 months. Children who exhibit undereating, overeating, and food fussiness may also engage in pica behaviors.
Application of chitosan‐based chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) hull polysaccharides edible coating on cherry tomatoes preservation
Authors: Akhtar Hafiz Muhammad Saleem , Shah Tawaf Ali , Hamed Yahya Saud , Abdin Mohamed , Ullah Samee , Shaukat Faryal , Abdullah Zunair , Saeed Muhammad Tariq
Published: December 2023

Bio‐active food coating having natural antioxidants has attained great attention these days. Polysaccharides extracted from bacteria, fungi, and plants are considered rich in antioxidant biomolecules. Chickpea hull which is a food waste material contains a substantial quantity of antioxidants and bioactive compounds. In this study, chitosan (CS)‐based chickpea hull polysaccharides (CHPS) edible coating of cherry tomatoes was successfully fabricated. Cherry tomatoes were characterized in terms of physico‐chemical characteristics and shelf life. In comparison to the control, it was discovered that the CS‐incorporated CHPS coatings were successful at lowering the respiratory activity, total soluble solids, total polyphenols, firmness, weight loss, lycopene content, and vitamin C as well as improving the fruit's overall acceptability. The dose dependence of each of these effects was noticed. Conclusively, using CS‐incorporated CHPS coatings could preserve the shelf life of cherry tomatoes. A useful and different approach to enhance the postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes is to utilize CS‐CHPS composite coatings.
Treatment patterns and trajectories in patients after acute heart failure hospitalization
Authors: Nakamaru Ryo , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Kohno Takashi , Nagatomo Yuji , Akiyama Hiroki , Motoya Yuki , Fukui Masato , Yajima Toshitaka , Yoshikawa Tsutomu , Kohsaka Shun
Published: December 2023

Aims

The trajectories of systolic function after admission for acute heart failure (HF) and their effect on clinical outcomes have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to assess changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between the index and 1 year after discharge and to examine their prognostic implications.

Methods and results

We extracted data from a prospective multicentre registry of patients hospitalized for acute HF and identified 1636 patients with LVEF data at admission and 1 year after discharge. We categorized them into five groups based on LVEF changes: HF with unchanged‐preserved EF [HFunc‐pEF (EF ≥ 50%); N = 527, 32.2%], unchanged‐mildly reduced EF [HFunc‐mrEF (EF 41–49%); N = 86, 5.3%], unchanged‐reduced EF [HFunc‐rEF (EF ≤ 40%); N = 377, 23.0%], worsened EF (HFworEF; N = 83, 5.1%), and improved EF (HFimpEF; N = 563, 34.4%). We then evaluated the subsequent composite outcome of cardiovascular death and HF readmission. During 1 year after discharge, 53% of patients with HF with reduced EF and 67% of those with HF with mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF) transitioned to other categories, whereas 92% of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) remained within the same category. Patients with HFimpEF were more likely to be younger and had relatively preserved renal function, whereas those with HFworEF were the oldest and had more comorbidities among the five groups. After multivariable adjustment, patients with HFimpEF and HFunc‐pEF had a lower risk for composite outcomes when referenced to patients with HFunc‐rEF [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), P‐value: 0.28 (0.16–0.49), P < 0.001, and 0.40 (0.25–0.63), P < 0.001, respectively]. Conversely, patients with HFunc‐mrEF and HFworEF had a comparable risk [0.44 (0.18–1.07), P = 0.07, and 0.63 (0.29–1.39), P = 0.26, respectively].

Conclusions

A substantial number of patients with HF experienced transitions to other categories after discharge. Notably, patients with decreased EF experienced a worse prognosis, even with slight decreases (e.g. HFpEF transitioning to HFmrEF). These findings emphasize the significance of longitudinal assessments of systolic function to better manage patients following acute decompensation.
PIFA/Ar2Te2‐Mediated Synthesis of 3‐Aryltelluroindoles via Intramolecular Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylanilines
Authors: Zhang Jianing , Yu Zhenyang , Shi Haofeng , Xu Lingzhi , Song Yixuan , Du Yunfei
Published: December 2023

The reaction of 2‐alkynylanilines with phenyliodonium bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) and diaryl ditellurides was found to conveniently afford the corresponding 3‐aryltelluroindoles via oxidative cyclization/tellurolation. A plausible mechanism involving the in situ formation of the reactive ArTeOCOCF3 from the reaction of PIFA and diaryl ditellurides, and the subsequent oxidative C−N/C−Te bond formations was postulated.
Enhancing optical character recognition: Efficient techniques for document layout analysis and text line detection
Authors: Fateh Amirreza , Fateh Mansoor , Abolghasemi Vahid
Published: December 2023

In recent years, automatic document and text analysis has gained significant importance, driven by advancements in optical character recognition (OCR) technology and the need for efficient processing of large volumes of printed or handwritten documents. This article specifically focuses on document layout analysis (DLA) and text line detection (TLD), both of which are crucial components of OCR systems. Our objective is to develop an effective method for extracting both textual and non‐textual regions, addressing challenges unique to the Persian (and Persian‐like) language(s). In the DLA stage, we employ deep learning models and a voting system to accurately determine the regions of interest. Additionally, we introduce methods such as optimum font size concepts, angle correction, and a line curvature elimination algorithm in the TLD process to enhance OCR accuracy. Comparative evaluations against state‐of‐the‐art methods demonstrate the superiority of our approach, showcasing a 2.8% improvement in the accuracy of Tesseract‐OCR 5.1.0 (a well‐established commercial OCR system) on the official Iranian newspapers dataset. These findings underscore the importance of addressing DLA and TLD challenges to advance OCR technology for Persian language documents and provide a solid foundation for future research in this domain.
Late infantile epileptic encephalopathy: A distinct developmental and epileptic encephalopathy syndrome
Authors: Kacker Shawn , Phitsanuwong Chalongchai , Oetomo Audrey , Nordli Douglas R.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Within the spectrum of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), there are a group of infants with features that are distinct from the well‐recognized syndromes of early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (EIDEE), infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS), and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS). We refer to this condition as late infantile epileptic encephalopathy (LIEE). Our objective was to highlight the characteristics of this group by analyzing patients who exhibit prototypical features.

Methods

From July 2022 to May 2023, we searched for LIEE features in pediatric patients who underwent epilepsy follow‐up at the University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital.

Results

Out of 850 patients evaluated, thirty patients (3.5%) were identified with LIEE based on electroclinical characteristics. These patients had an average onset of epilepsy at 6.8 months and an average onset of LIEE features at 18.1 months. The epilepsy etiology was most commonly genetic and metabolic (50%), followed by congenital cortical malformations (23%), acquired structural abnormalities (20%), and unknown (7%). The predominant seizure types were myoclonic–tonic (70%), spasm–tonic (50%), epileptic spasms (47%), tonic (43%), and myoclonic (43%) seizures. All patients reported a history of either spasm–tonic or myoclonic–tonic seizures in addition to other types. All patients had EEGs showing discontinuity, electrodecrements, or both along with diffuse slowing, background voltages between 100 and 300 μV, and superimposed multifocal, diffuse epileptiform discharges. Every patient, except one, fulfilled the definition of drug‐resistant epilepsy, and all reported either moderate‐to‐severe or severe developmental delay.

Significance

Late infantile epileptic encephalopathy (LIEE) is characterized by several unique clinical and electrographic features. Typically, LIEE manifests in patients during the second year of life and occurs before two years of age, hence late infantile onset. The condition is commonly observed in infants with symptomatic epilepsy. Myoclonic–tonic and spasm–tonic seizures are the quintessential seizure types. The inter‐ictal EEG exhibits more organization and lower voltages than seen with hypsarrhythmia and lacks the defining EEG characteristics of EIDEE, IESS, or LGS. We propose that LIEE is a distinct electroclinical syndrome within the spectrum of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.
Blessed be intelligent assistance systems at high task rotation? The effect on motivational work design in assembly
Authors: Walczok Marvin , Bipp Tanja
Published: December 2023

We aimed to provide causal evidence on the contradictory effects of projection‐based intelligent assistance systems (IASs) for nine motivational work characteristics (MWCs). IASs are increasingly implemented in assembly to counteract rising cognitive workload due to individualized manufacturing processes. However, how IASs enhance or restrict MWCs is largely unknown. We conducted two studies with experimental vignette methodology. In Study 1 (N1 = 169 German employees), we manipulated an assembly workplace (with IAS vs. without IAS) and tested whether findings indicating only positive effects of IASs in the support of a simple assembly process can be transferred to more complex assembly processes. In Study 2 (N2 = 176 German employees), we manipulated again the assembly workplace (with IAS vs. without IAS) and in addition the dynamic of product changes (task rotation after 1 h vs. no task rotation). Analyzing the data with SPSS 27, we found increased feedback from job and information processing and decreased work scheduling, decision‐making, and work methods autonomy when working with IAS. In Study 2, we did not find the main or interaction effects of task rotation on MWCs. Our experimental evidence suggests that working with IASs represents a double‐edged sword regarding MWCs and that the effect of task rotation is limited. Hence, our results provide vital theoretical implications for a much‐needed work design theory that delineates how new technologies shape work design and practical implications for modern assembly.
Yarning to reduce take own leave events in First Nations patients presenting to the Emergency Department‐presenting the qualitative themes and co‐design of the Deadly RED project
Authors: Davison Michelle , Chan Jason , Clarke Meg , Mitchell Caroline , Yan Alan , Henaway Elwyn
Published: December 2023

Issue Addressed

The Deadly RED redesign and implementation research aimed to improve take own leave (TOL) rates within a Queensland emergency department by providing a culturally competent care pathway.

Methodology

A mixed methods pre/post evaluation of the feasibility, acceptability and usability of the Deadly RED pathway for First Nations patients presenting to ED was performed. This pathway combined early welcome and information sharing, introduction of screening and follow up for patients who TOL and enhanced access to alternative community healthcare. Yarning circles facilitated co‐design of research protocols and tools while a purposefully designed research Yarn enhanced understanding of the ‘story’ of the people. Qualitative analysis of Yarns allowed deductive themes to be extracted. A Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach and Indigenous research methodology involving First Nations people in design, knowledge sharing and joint ownership of results was used.

Results

Common themes from the 85 yarns included the negative impact of long waiting times and positive impact from wholistic care. Unique themes identified included interpretation of waiting room placement and paracetamol prescription as a dismissal. Knowledge dissemination from yarning drove improvements in communications and processes to promote treatment completion resulting in elimination of these themes in post implementation yarns. Eighteen patients who had TOL were included in the post implementation yarns, however only eight of these believed that their treatment was incomplete.

Conclusion

The use of yarning for consumer engagement has allowed deeper understanding of the reasons for TOL in First Nations emergency patients. The reciprocal knowledge sharing has guided targeted improvements in wholistic emergency care and communication resulting in First Nations patients feeling their care is complete even when the ‘number’ reports otherwise.

So What?

Indigenous Research methodology including yarning with First Nations patients suggests alternative engagement methods to guide enhanced quality of care monitoring for ED presentations.
Unveiling the sleep‐cardiovascular connection: Novel perspectives and interventions—A narrative review
Authors: Berjaoui Christin , Tesfasilassie Kibrom Bethlehem , Ghayyad Mohammad , Joumaa Safaa , Talal Al Labban Nihal , Nazir Abubakar , Kachouh Charbel , Akanmu Moradeyo Abdulrahmon , Wojtara Magda , Uwishema Olivier
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Sleep is an important neurophysiological condition that is intricately linked to general health, laying the basis for both physiological and psychological well‐being. A thorough examination of sleep disorders and cardiovascular health demonstrates their deep relationship, emphasizing the numerous diagnostic tools and treatment techniques available.

Aim

This study aims to examine the impact, mechanisms, diagnostic techniques, treatment strategies, implications, and healthcare interventions of the sleep‐cardiovascular connection, to better understand the relationship between sleep disorders and cardiovascular health.

Methods

The paper reviews key studies conducted from 2015‐till date, investigating the impact of sleep disorders on the cardiovascular system. It looked into data relating to cardiovascular outcomes based on the degree of sleep disorders, considered potential confounding factors, and addressed current research constraints.

Results

The findings highlight a strong link between sleep problems and poor cardiovascular outcomes. Emerging diagnostic tools, such as enhanced sleep‐related technology and biomarkers, open up new avenues for determining the impact of sleep disturbances on cardiovascular health. In addition, the research discusses several treatment options, ranging from cognitive behavioral therapy to pharmaceutical therapies, and their potential benefits in addressing sleep‐related cardiovascular risks.

Conclusion

The complex association between sleep disturbances and cardiovascular health emphasizes the need to recognize sleep as a critical component of overall well‐being. Thus collaboration among medical disciplines, as well as individualized therapies, are critical to improving patient care. Moreover, Understanding and managing the consequences of sleep problems on cardiovascular health can lead to more effective interventions, better outcomes, and improved public health as research advances.
Online gaming and its effect on academic performance of Bangladeshi university students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mahmud Shohel , Jobayer Md. Abdullah A. , Salma Nahid , Mahmud Anis , Tamanna Tanzila
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims

Due to the availability of more sophisticated cell phones with top‐notch gaming functions, the present generation is more active. The available literature indicates that adolescents experience a variety of psychological issues, like low self‐control brought on by an addiction to mobile games. Because of this, the aim of this study is to control the prevalence of, and factors that contribute to, online gaming addiction and its effects on academic performance in Bangladeshi university students.

Methods

Convenient sampling was adopted to collect primary data from 399 Bangladeshi university students utilizing a prestructured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, the χ2 test, binary logistic regression, and multinomial logistic regression were also used to accomplish the study's objective.

Results

According to this study, 62.7% of students play online games over 30 h every week. The findings also show that male students are more inclined than female students to show signs of addiction. Also, regular online gaming can result in long‐term problems, and that factor including age, internet access, educational background, and frequency of play can influence the likelihood of these problems. The findings shows that a lower cumulative grade point average (CGPA), less physical activity, and less study time are associated with playing online games for at least 30 h per week. Moreover, the study found that playing online games, playing for long time, and skipping class can all have an adverse effect on a student's academic performance.

Conclusions

The authors recommend that the authorities set up a good entertainment environment and take into account the findings of this article to discourage students from playing online games. Furthermore, encouragement of extracurricular activities such as sports or other pursuits is also essential in assisting Bangladeshi students in overcoming their addiction to mobile games.
Urosymphyseal fistula development following treatment for radiation‐induced urethral stenosis in three patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Takekawa Kazuki , Horiguchi Akio , Ojima Kenichiro , Shinchi Masayuki , Hirano Yusuke , Furukawa Yoshiyuki , Ito Keiichi , Azuma Ryuichi
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Urosymphyseal fistula is a rare and devastating complication that develops after radiation therapy for prostate cancer and is often triggered by the treatment of radiation‐induced urethral stenosis. Here, we report our experience with urosymphyseal fistulas in three patients with prostate cancer.

Case presentation

Three patients with prostate cancer developed urethral stenosis after radiotherapy. The management of urethral stenosis was suprapubic tube placement in case 1, direct vision internal urethrotomy in case 2, and excision with primary anastomosis in case 3. All patients presented with severe suprapubic or thigh pain or both. Urosymphyseal fistulas were detected on magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative treatment was unsuccessful, and all patients required debridement of the necrotic pubic symphysis and simple cystectomy. In cases 1 and 2, ileal conduit urinary diversion was performed.

Conclusion

Urologists need to be aware that urosymphyseal fistulas can occur in irradiated patients with prostate cancer, especially after urethral stenosis treatment.
An assessment of local community engagement in wildlife conservation: A case study of the Save Valley Conservancy, South Eastern Zimbabwe
Authors: Dhliwayo Itai , Muboko Never , Matseketsa Given , Gandiwa Edson
Published: December 2023

In southern Africa, human and wildlife interactions have significantly increased over the past decade, resulting in complex conservation conflicts. As humans and wildlife share space, stakeholder engagement becomes a critical component of wildlife management and transformative conservation. We analysed the conservation conflicts in the Save Valley Conservancy (SVC) in south‐eastern Zimbabwe. Data were collected between April and May 2020 through focus group discussions and interviews with purposively sampled informants. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were adopted in this study. The results revealed that the absence of an effective, inclusive, integrated multi‐cross‐sectional stakeholder engagement plan is a primary contributing factor to conservation conflicts in the SVC. In conclusion, our study found that community participation in land use decision‐making is limited within the SVC, and this is a general lack of consensus among the community members on viable land use options. This study proposes an integrated, cross‐sectional stakeholder working framework that not only informs conservation practitioners but also fully addresses the prevailing conservation conflict scenarios. These conflicts emanate from the exclusion of humans from protected areas and the encroachment of wildlife in human settlements.
Do revisions improve agricultural baselines?
Authors: Katchova Ani L.
Published: December 2023

Long‐term agricultural baseline projections are revised annually to incorporate new information. We evaluate the effectiveness of the US Department of Agriculture and Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute crops and farm income baseline revisions to inform policymakers. The revisions are effective in improving the baseline projections in comparison to the initial projections, but they do not outperform the naïve projections. Upward revisions are found to be more effective than downward revisions. We find evidence of predictability and therefore a violation of weak efficiency for the revisions, which results from information rigidity for the crop variables and from information rigidity and strategic smoothing for the farm income variables.
Circular RNA: A new expectation for cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Xie Qiao , Ma Yun , Ren Zhong , Gu Tianhe , Jiang Zhisheng
Published: December 2023

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of RNA with the 5' and 3' ends connected covalently to form a closed loop structure and characterized by high stability, conserved sequences and tissue specificity, which is caused by special reverse splicing methods. Currently, it has become a hot spot for research. With the discovery of its powerful regulatory functions and roles, the molecular mechanisms and future value of circRNA in participating in and regulating biological and pathological processes are becoming increasingly apparent. Among them is the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Many studies have elucidated that circRNA plays a crucial role in the development and progression of CVDs. Therefore, circRNA shows its advantages and brilliant expectations in the field of CVDs. In this review, we describe the biogenesis, bioinformatics detection and function of circRNA and discuss the role of circRNA and its effects on CVDs, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac senescence, pulmonary hypertension, and diabetic cardiomyopathy by different mechanisms. That shows circRNA advantages and brilliant expectations in the field of CVDs.
A Retrospective Analysis of Intravenous Insulin versus Insulin and Nebulized Albuterol for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia in the Emergency Department
Authors: Roach Sara N. , Fletcher Meghan L. , Sarangarm Preeyaporn
Published: December 2023

There is limited literature evaluating the use of nebulized albuterol in the management of hyperkalemia. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of insulin alone compared with the addition of nebulized albuterol for the treatment of hyperkalemia. This is a retrospective, single‐center evaluation of adult patients with hyperkalemia attending the Emergency Department of a large urban academic medical center. Consecutive patients with a potassium level of >5 mmol/L were included. Patients without a repeat potassium level within 4 hours of medication administration, those receiving hemodialysis before a repeat serum potassium, or those that had a hemolyzed blood sample were excluded. The primary outcome was the change in potassium level within 4 hours in patients who received insulin monotherapy versus patients who received insulin and albuterol. The secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality. Out of the 204 patients, 141 received insulin, whereas 63 received insulin and nebulized albuterol. There was no difference in the change in potassium level between the insulin and the insulin and nebulized albuterol groups (0.85 ± 0.6 vs 0.96 ± 0.78 mmol/L; P = .36). There was no difference in median hospital length of stay (8.6 days, IQR 13.2 days, vs 5.6 days, IQR 8.2 days; P = .09), ICU admission (31.9% vs 38.1%; P = .39), and all‐cause mortality (14.9% vs 17.5%; P = .64). In this retrospective analysis, the addition of albuterol to insulin for the treatment of hyperkalemia did not result in a greater change in potassium level within 4 hours of therapy.
Stimulus control of habits: Evidence for both stimulus specificity and devaluation insensitivity in a dual‐response task
Authors: Turner K. M. , Balleine B. W.
Published: December 2023

Goal‐directed and habitual actions are clearly defined by their associative relations. Whereas goal‐directed control can be confirmed via tests of outcome devaluation and contingency‐degradation sensitivity, a comparable criterion for positively detecting habits has not been established. To confirm habitual responding, a test of control by the stimulus–response association is required while also ruling out goal‐directed control. Here we describe an approach to developing such a test in rats using two discriminative stimuli that set the occasion for two different responses that then earn the same outcome. Performance was insensitive to outcome devaluation and showed stimulus–response specificity, indicative of stimulus‐controlled behavior. The reliance of stimulus–response associations was further supported by a lack of sensitivity during the single extinction test session used here. These results demonstrate that two concurrently trained responses can come under habitual control when they share a common outcome. By reducing the ability of one stimulus to signal its corresponding response–outcome association, we found evidence for goal‐directed control that can be dissociated from habits. Overall, these experiments provide evidence that tests assessing specific stimulus–response associations can be used to investigate habits.
BRD4 as a potential target for human papillomaviruses associated cancer
Authors: Rani Abdul Qawee , Bonam Srinivasa Reddy , Zhou Jia , Li Jenny , Hu Haitao , Liu Xuefeng
Published: December 2023

Around 99% of cervical cancer and 5%–10% of human cancer are associated with human papillomaviruses (HPV). Notably, the life‐cycle of HPV begins by low‐level infection of the basal cells of the stratified epithelium, where the viral genomes are replicated and passed on to the daughter proliferating basal cells. The production of new viral particles remains restricted to eventually differentiated cells. HPVs support their persistent infectious cycle by hijacking pivotal pathways and cellular processes. Bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) is one of the essential cellular factors involved in multiple stages of viral transcription and replication. In this review, we demonstrate the role of BRD4 in the multiple stages of HPV infectious cycle. Also, we provide an overview of the intense research about the cellular functions of BRD4, the mechanism of action of bromodomain and extra terminal inhibitors, and how it could lead to the development of antiviral/anticancer therapies.
Ex vivo assessment of basal cell carcinoma surgical margins in Mohs surgery by autofluorescence‐Raman spectroscopy: A pilot study
Authors: Boitor Radu , Varma Sandeep , Sharma Ashish , Elsheikh Somaia , Kulkarni Kusum , Eldib Karim , Jerrom Richard , Odedra Sunita , Patel Anand , Koloydenko Alexey , Williams Hywel , Notingher Ioan
Published: December 2023

Background

Autofluorescence (AF)‐Raman spectroscopy is a technology that can detect tumour tissue in surgically excised skin specimens. The technique does not require tissue fixation, staining, labelling or sectioning, and provides quantitative diagnosis maps within 30 min.

Objectives

To explore the clinical application of AF‐Raman microscopy to detect residual basal cell carcinoma (BCC) positive margins in ex vivo skin specimens excised during real‐time Mohs surgery. To investigate the ability to analyse skin specimens from different parts of the head‐and‐neck areas and detect nodular, infiltrative and superficial BCC.

Methods

Fifty Mohs tissue layers (50 patients) were investigated: 27 split samples (two halves) and 23 full‐face samples. The AF‐Raman results were compared to frozen section histology, carried out intraoperatively by the Mohs surgeon and postoperatively by dermatopathologists. The latter was used as the standard of reference.

Results

The AF‐Raman analysis was completed within the target time of 30 min and was able to detect all subtypes of BCC. For the split specimens, the AF‐Raman analysis covered 97% of the specimen surface area and detected eight out of nine BCC positive layers (similar to Mohs surgeons). For the full‐face specimens, poorer contact between tissue and cassette coverslip led to lower coverage of the specimen surface area (92%), decreasing the detection rate (four out of six positives for BCC).

Conclusions

These preliminary results, in particular for the split specimens, demonstrate the feasibility of AF‐Raman microscopy for rapid assessment of Mohs layers for BCC presence. However, for full‐face specimens, further work is required to improve the contact between the tissue and the coverslip to increase sensitivity.
Magnetic‐based photosensitizer to improve the efficiency of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against mature dental caries‐related biofilms
Authors: Balhaddad Abdulrahman A. , Mokeem Lamia , Alsahafi Rashed , Weir Michael D. , Xu Hockin H. K. , Melo Mary Anne S.
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) shows promise in eliminating oral pathogens without inducing microbial resistance. Yet, it faces limited biofilm penetration by the photosensitizer, which hinders its efficacy against mature, thick biofilms. This study assesses the effectiveness of the MagTBO (magnetic nanoparticles and toluidine‐blue ortho) nanoplatform against mature Streptococcus mutans biofilms associated with dental caries. The study employs constant‐depth film fermenter (CDFF) models, known as “artificial mouth,” to replicate caries processes and allow biofilm growth over teeth. This method enables the evaluation of biofilm‐induced mineral loss under cariogenic challenge over 5 and 10 days. The study shows that MagTBO improves aPDT's effectiveness against highly mature and complex biofilms over 5 and 10 days. However, the biofilm reduction unaffected the mineral content in the underlying dentin. This presents a promising approach for clinical aPDT protocols. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that these findings are based on in vitro studies and may necessitate further clinical confirmation. In summary, our data indicate that magnetic‐based photosensitizers enhance the modulation of pathogenic oral biofilms by aPDT, offering potential advancements in clinical aPDT protocols.