bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of valsartan and pitavastatin using synchronous spectrofluorimetry and augmented least squares chemometric models: A comparative study with greenness and blueness assessment
Authors: Almalki Atiah H. , Abduljabbar Maram H. , Alzhrani Rami M. , Alosaimi Manal E. , Serag Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are two common conditions that require effective management to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Among the medications commonly used for the treatment of these conditions, valsartan and pitavastatin have shown significant efficacy in lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels, respectively. In this study, synchronous spectrofluorimetry coupled to chemometric analysis tools, specifically concentration residual augmented classical least squares (CRACLS) and spectral residual augmented classical least squares (SRACLS), was employed for the determination of valsartan and pitavastatin simultaneously. The developed models exhibited excellent predictive performance with relative root mean square error of prediction (RRMSEP) of 2.253 and 2.1381 for valsartan and pitavastatin, respectively. Hence, these models were successfully applied to the analysis of synthetic samples and commercial formulations as well as plasma samples with high accuracy and precision. Besides, the greenness and blueness profiles of the determined samples were also evaluated to assess their environmental impact and analytical practicability. The results demonstrated excellent greenness and blueness scores with AGREE score of 0.7 and BAGI score of 75 posing the proposed method as reliable and sensitive approach for the determination of valsartan and pitavastatin with potential applications in pharmaceutical quality control, bioanalytical studies, and therapeutic drug monitoring.
Metagenomics analysis yields assembled genomes from prokaryotic anaerobes with polymer‐degrading potential
Authors: Blair Elaina M. , Brown Jennifer L. , Li Dong , Holden Patricia A. , O'Malley Michelle A.
Published: June 2024

Anaerobic microbial communities are often highly degradative, such as those found in the herbivore rumen and large‐scale anaerobic digesters. Since the microbial communities in these systems degrade recalcitrant organic polymers, we hypothesize that some microbes in anaerobic environments may be involved in man‐made plastic association, deformation, or even breakdown. While efforts have been put toward characterizing microbial communities, many microbes remain unidentified until they can be sufficiently cultivated to generate enough genetic material to assemble high‐quality metagenome assemblies and reference genomes. In this study, microbial consortia from goat fecal pellets and anaerobic digester sludge were cultivated for over 6 weeks to assemble metagenomes from novel anaerobic taxa with potential degradative activity. To select for microbes with potential plastic‐degrading abilities, plastic strips were included in culture, though the presence of plastic did not appear to enrich for particularly degradative consortia, yet it did select for novel species that otherwise may not have been characterized. Whole‐genome shotgun sequencing enabled assembly of 72 prokaryotic metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) with >90% completion, <5% contamination, and an N50 >10,000 bp; 17 of these MAGs are classified as novel species given their lack of similarity to publicly available genomes and MAGs. These 72 MAGs vary in predicted carbohydrate‐degrading abilities, with genes predicted to encode fewer than 10 or up to nearly 400 carbohydrate‐active enzymes. Overall, this enrichment strategy enables characterization of less abundant MAGs in a community, and the MAGs identified here can be further mined to advance understanding of degradative anaerobic microbial consortia.
Navigating consumption streams: Toward a utilitarian–hedonic perspective on subscription box customer journeys
Authors: Banerji Ishani , Gupta Aditya , Ketron Seth
Published: June 2024

Given persistent challenges faced by subscription box retailers in acquiring and retaining customers, there is an urgent need to understand decision‐making and sources of value at each stage of the subscription box customer journey. As extant research has frequently focused on the customers' decision to subscribe, relatively little work has explored why they choose to continue or cancel their subscriptions. We contend that a way forward in understanding subscription box customer journeys is to adopt a utilitarian–hedonic perspective when looking at each stage of such journeys. We conduct phenomenological in‐depth interviews with 26 subscription box customers and use the thematic insights to introduce a processual framework of subscription boxes as consumption steams. We posit that the subscription box customer journey comprises three key decision stages (initiation, immersion, and egression) with each stage characterized by distinct themes that add to or subtract from the utilitarian and hedonic value at that stage. Collectively, these themes provide a more nuanced understanding of the factors that shape customer decisions to start, renew, or cancel a subscription box. We conclude by noting how our findings contribute to marketing theory and practice and suggest some avenues for future research.
Chemical Composition, Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Hemolytic Activities of Moroccan Thymus capitatus Essential Oil
Authors: Amakran Amina , Hamoudane Meriem , Pagniez Fabrice , Lamarti Ahmed , Picot Carine , Figueredo Gilles , Nhiri Mohamed , Le Pape Patrice
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to define the chemical composition of Moroccan Thymus capitatus essential oil, and to investigate its in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities against human pathogenic fungi. Chemical analysis using GC‐FID and GC‐MS system revealed 28 constituents, representing 99 % of total compounds. Oxygenated monoterpenes represented the highest proportion (79.79 %), among which carvacrol (75.73 %) was the predominant compound, followed by linalol (2.26 %). Monoterpene hydrocarbons represented the second major fraction (16.29 %): within them, the predominant constituents were γ‐terpinene (5,55 %), ρ‐cymene (5,50 %), and β‐caryophyllene (2.73 %). Antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH scavenging, β‐carotene bleaching inhibition, and ferric reducing power. T. capitatus revealed pronounced DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50=110.53 μg mL−1), strong ferric reducing ability (EC50=644.4 μg mL−1), and a remarkable degree of protection against lipid peroxidation during β‐carotene bleaching inhibition (IC50=251.76 μg mL−1). Antifungal activity was carried out against Candida, Aspergillus, and Rhizopus species by microdilution method. T. capitatus exhibited potent anticandidal activity (MIC=125–500 μg mL−1) and strong inhibition against filamentous fungi (MIC=250‐500 μg mL−1). Its hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes had a low toxic effect at concentrations lower than 1250 μg mL−1. The useful antioxidant properties and broad antifungal effect of T. capitatus EO confirm its considerable potential for the food industry and for phytopharmaceutical production.
Abietane‐Type Diterpenoids: Insights into Structural Diversity and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Sargazifar Zahra , Ghorbanian Charami Danial , Esmaeilzadeh Kashi Marziyeh , Asili Javad , Shakeri Abolfazl
Published: June 2024

The abietane‐type diterpenoids are among the most significant diterpene subsets found in hundreds of plant species belonging to various families. Among which, the members of the genus Salvia and Euphorbia are rich in abietane diterpenoids. Because of the chemical diversity and notable bioactivities, such as anticancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, they are attractive. Herein, recent advances in the isolation and characterization of abietanes from natural sources, as well as their biological activities, from 2015 up to 2024 are reviewed. During this time, over 300 abietanes with diverse structures have been discovered.
Streptomyces Endophytes in Edible Plants: New Insights into their Chemistry and Health Benefits
Authors: Moussa Ashaimaa Y.
Published: June 2024

Streptomyces is the largest source of microbial antibiotics with about 50 % of marketed antimicrobial drugs originating from this genus. Endophytic streptomyces are the link between medicinal plants and the microbial world. Endophytic Streptomyces in edible plants were not targeted before despite their uniqueness and importance. In this review, we analyzed the chemical diversity of more than 150 compounds belonging to endophytic Streptomyces chemical classes such as alkaloids, polyketides, peptides, macrolides and terpenes and their biological activities. This analysis showed a dominant antimicrobial effect for most of the isolated compounds and highlighted an underestimated diversity to be studied or repurposed for other biological activities. Return to edible plants use and conducting toxicity studies to rationalize their nutraceutical potential based on their beneficial endophytes is urged. Although there are many studies for non‐vertebrates, the nutraceutical potential of these plants is expected to improve the gut microbiota since they are enriched with bioactive compounds from streptomyces species. This is the first review to discuss edible plants associated streptomyces, and we prospect that many studies will follow to unravel the mysterious health benefits of streptomyces in the human microbiome and encourage the revival of a correct lifestyle for the sake of a healthier microbiome.
Recent Advancements in the Development of Graphene‐Based Materials for Catalytic Applications
Authors: Gao Kai , Sun Sai , Zhang Bin
Published: June 2024

Graphene, a two‐dimensional material, presents unprecedented opportunities for catalytic applications, attributable to its unique planar structure, outstanding optical transmittance, superior electronic conductivity and mobility, extensive specific surface area, and elevated chemical stability, coupled with its tunability. In recent years, graphene‐based catalysts have garnered significant research attention and interest. This review aims to elucidate recent advancements in the synthesis of graphene‐based catalysts. It encompasses discussions on heteroatom‐doped metal‐free graphene catalysts, graphene composite catalysts (including graphene/metal and graphene/metal oxide composites), and their applications in various catalytic domains such as electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and catalysis of organic reactions.
Spiritual competent orientation as ground for effective clinical supervision: Strategies for implementation
Authors: Gutierrez Daniel , Dorais Stephanie , Cashwell Craig S.
Published: June 2024

One of the aims of clinical supervision is to ensure counselors meet the ethical obligations of the counseling profession, which include religious and spiritual (R/S) competence. To date, however, there has been no framework for the supervision of R/S competence in the research literature. We use an extension of the spiritually competent orientation model to illustrate how to conduct supervision that builds R/S competence in practice.
Is the E/Z Iminium Ratio a Good Enantioselectivity Predictor in Iminium Catalysis?
Authors: Hellinghuizen Matthijs A. , Franceschi Pietro , Roithová Jana
Published: June 2024

Developing new enantioselective reactions is an important part of chemical discovery but requires time and resources to test large arrays of potential reaction conditions. New techniques are required to analyse many different reactions quickly and efficiently. Mass spectrometry is a high‐throughput method; when combined with ion‐mobility spectrometry, this technique can monitor diastereomeric reaction intermediates and thus be a handle to study enantioselective reactions. Through this technique and others, it was noted before that in the organocatalytic 1,4‐addition to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, the abundance of initial diastereomeric intermediates correlates strongly to that of the final enantiomeric products. This work determines isomeric abundance for various catalysts and aldehydes and uses it to predict the enantiomeric excess of two control reactions. The prediction matches well for one reaction but does not predict the obtained results for the second. This finding confirms that the E/Z ratio of the iminium intermediates can be used as a predictor for some reactions, but the kinetics of the following steps can dramatically change the true enantioselectivity.
Insulin resistance during androgen deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Basaria Shehzad , Taplin Mary‐Ellen , McDonnell Marie , Simonson Donald C. , Lin Alexander P. , Dufour Alyssa B. , Habtemariam Daniel , Nguyen Paul L. , Ravi Praful , Kibel Adam S. , Sweeney Christopher J. , D’Amico Anthony V. , Roberts Daniel A. , Xu Wenxin , Wei Xiao X. , Sunkara Rajitha , Choudhury Atish D. , Mantia Charlene , Beltran Himisha , Pomerantz Mark , Berchuck Jacob E. , Martin Neil E. , Leeman Jonathan E. , Mouw Kent W. , Kilbridge Kerry E. , Bearup Richelle , Kackley Hannah , Kafel Hussein , Huang Grace , Reid Kieran F. , Storer Thomas , Braga‐Basaria Milena , Travison Thomas G.
Published: June 2024

Background

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer (PCa) has been associated with development of insulin resistance. However, the predominant site of insulin resistance remains unclear.

Methods

The ADT & Metabolism Study was a single‐center, 24‐week, prospective observational study that enrolled ADT‐naive men without diabetes who were starting ADT for at least 24 weeks (ADT group, n = 42). The control group comprised men without diabetes with prior history of PCa who were in remission after prostatectomy (non‐ADT group, n = 23). Prevalent diabetes mellitus was excluded in both groups using all three laboratory criteria defined in the American Diabetes Association guidelines. All participants were eugonadal at enrollment. The primary outcome was to elucidate the predominant site of insulin resistance (liver or skeletal muscle). Secondary outcomes included assessments of body composition, and hepatic and intramyocellular fat. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks.

Results

At 24 weeks, there was no change in hepatic (1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.10 to 4.43; p = .47) or skeletal muscle (−3.2; 95% CI, −7.07 to 0.66; p = .10) insulin resistance in the ADT group. No increase in hepatic or intramyocellular fat deposition or worsening of glucose was seen. These changes were mirrored by those observed in the non‐ADT group. Men undergoing ADT gained 3.7 kg of fat mass.

Conclusions

In men with PCa and no diabetes, 24 weeks of ADT did not change insulin resistance despite adverse body composition changes. These findings should be reassuring for treating physicians and for patients who are being considered for short‐term ADT.
Bi2O2CO3/g‐C3N4 Catalyst for Photocatalytic Coupling of Benzylamine under Mild Conditions
Authors: Teng Yunan , Tan Zhonghao , Zhao Yingzhe , Su Zhuizhui , Li Meiling , Zhang Zixuan , Zhang Jianling
Published: June 2024

The photocatalytic conversion of benzylamine into imine is promising for industrial production and environmental protection. To develop photocatalysts with desirable compositions and microstructures is key to achieve high activity and selectivity. Here we propose the immobilization of Bi2O2CO3 on g‐C3N4 for the photocatalytic conversion of benzylamine. The Bi2O2CO3/g‐C3N4 catalyst possesses improved light absorption capacity, electron transmission rate and reduced electron‐hole recombination than pure Bi2O2CO3. It can efficiently catalyze benzylamine coupling reaction under mild conditions, i. e., at room temperature, with air as oxidant and no additional oxidant involved. The maximum turnover frequency value of N‐benzylbenzaldimine reaches 1555.3 μmol g−1 h−1 under this condition. The Bi2O2CO3/g‐C3N4 catalyst has potential in other photocatalytic reactions.
CPL of Mellein and Related Natural Compounds: Analysis of the ESIPT Phenomenon
Authors: Mazzeo Giuseppe , Fusè Marco , Bloino Julien , Evidente Antonio , Abbate Sergio , Longhi Giovanna
Published: June 2024

(R)‐(−)‐Mellein, (3R,4R)‐4‐hydroxymellein and (3R,4S)‐4‐hydroxymellein obtained from fungi, i. e. from Diplodia globulosa, were investigated as a class of natural products presenting ESIPT (excited state intramolecular proton transfer) phenomenon, through fluorescence and CPL (circularly polarized luminescence). The study was preceded by the assessment of the absolute configuration through ECD and VCD (electronic and vibrational circular dichroism) spectroscopies in addition to NMR spectra. It is found that ESIPT takes place in these systems very rapidly, and no dual fluorescence has been observed. The experimental study is backed up by TD‐DFT calculations of ECD and CPL spectra, plus MD calculations to follow proton transfer in the excited state and careful analysis of the puckering dynamics of the lactone ring. Deprotonated forms of the three compounds were also investigated by the same chiroptical experimental and theoretical methods, showing how one can find in natural compounds not only biological activity but also biologically compatible sensing probes.
A Review on the Zone Refining Process Technology toward Ultra‐Purification of Gallium for GaAs/GaN‐based Optoelectronic Device Applications
Authors: Ghosh Kaustab , Mani V. N.
Published: June 2024

Ultrapure gallium up to 99.9999%/ 99.99999% (6N/7N) purity level is a highly demanding material needed for the growth of gallium‐based group III–V semiconductor compounds and optoelectronic devices. However, general extraction of gallium from Bayer liquor contains high impurity content and ultra‐purification of the same cannot be accomplished by a single step. Thus, the purpose of this review is to assess various purification processes for the production of ultra‐pure gallium and to critically examine its applications in the optoelectronics industry. Through this research survey, it is found that zone refining of the zone melting process stands tall over other methods in purifying materials even up to 13N. Hence, scientists are adopting detailed mathematical models and simulation tools for designing unique zone refining systems for material purification. Current‐day technology even adopts intelligence methods such as machine learning, which sheds light on the importance of different zone refining parameters that influence the purification process. Here, the practical aspects of zone refining and how the feedback from the theoretical models or performance prediction through intelligence methods can be effectively incorporated into practice have also been emphasized
Evaluating global research trends in special needs dentistry: A systematic bibliometrix analysis
Authors: Senthilvadevel Nigashiny , Ky Jimmy , Ng Matthew , Zhao Tong , Aria Massimo , D'Aniello Luca , Lim Mathew A. W. , Canfora Federica , Fortuna Giulio , McCullough Michael , Yap Tami , Paolini Rita , Celentano Antonio
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Special needs dentistry (SND) is a vast and fragmented field of study. This comprehensive bibliometric analysis aimed to evaluate the scope of SND, including the existing knowledge base, distribution structure, quantitative relationships, and research trends.

Material and Methods

A systematic search was conducted on March 10, 2022, using the Web of Science Core Collection database, covering the period from 1985 to 2021, focusing on studies reporting on special needs populations in a dentally relevant context. Records were title‐screened and analyzed for key bibliometric indicators.

Results

Among 48,374 articles, 13,869 underwent bibliometric analysis. Peak SND research occurred during 1985–1997. United States led in productivity, trailed by Brazil and Japan. University of Sao Paulo excelled in Brazil, University of Washington and University of North Carolina in the United States. The Journal of Dental Research was the most productive source of research and also had the highest number of citations, followed by Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. Keyword analysis revealed that “elderly”, “caries”, and “epidemiology” were the most commonly used author keywords.

Conclusions

This study represents the first bibliometric analysis of SND literature. It emphasizes the need for increased collaboration between institutions and authors. Furthermore, it suggests focusing on research input from non‐dental disciplines and populations with rarer intellectual or developmental conditions.
An In Vitro Evaluation of Periotest Implant Stability Measurements Taken on Implant Retained Crowns and Healing Abutments
Authors: O'Brien Cianna , Naughton David , Honari Bahman , Winning Lewis , Polyzois Ioannis
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess the reliability of implant stability measurements recorded with the Periotest device and to investigate the differences in values when these measurements were taken on implant retained crowns and healing abutments.

Materials and Methods

Fifty‐six implants in eight synthetic bone blocks were used to carry out implant stability measurements using the Periotest device by two different operators. Each block constituted an example of bone of density D1, D2, D3, or D4, and two blocks of each density were used. The healing abutments placed were of a height to allow approximately 6 mm of the implant‐abutment complex to be supracrestal and temporary crowns were made to match the dimensions of an average central incisor. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the perio test values (PTVs) at each of the different heights on the implant abutments and implant crowns. Means for each site were calculated and distribution of data assessed using the Kruskal Wallis test. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the relationship between the PTVs recorded on the implant abutments and implant crowns.

Results

The mean PTV (±standard devidation) recorded across all sites was 5.57 ± 11.643 on the implant abutments, and 12.27 ± 11.735 on the temporary crowns. Excellent/good inter‐operator ICCs were recorded for the mid‐abutment site in all bone blocks D1–D4 (ICC = 0.814, p < 0.001, ICC = 0.922, p < 0.001, ICC = 0.938, p < 0.001, ICC = 776, p < 0.001). For mid crown sites, ICC between operators was excellent/good only for recordings in D2 bone (ICC = 0.897, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Periotest device seems to be able to reliably measure implant stability across all types of bones when the implant stability is assessed at approximately 3 mm coronal to the implant platform for abutments and 4.5 mm for implant supported single crowns.
Reliability‐based resilience assessment method for mooring systems under mooring failure
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhang Wenhao , Zhang Baolei , Wu Jingyi
Published: June 2024

Offshore floating structures rely heavily on their mooring systems, which can be disrupted by various events during long‐term operation. These could lead to a mooring failure, affecting the usual operations of the structure or even causing more severe hazards. Resilience provides a comprehensive evaluation of how the mooring system performs after a disaster, which is key to optimizing the structural design and operational safety. In this paper, we develop a general and user‐friendly method to quantitatively assess the resilience of mooring systems under mooring failure. We use the reliability index to represent the performance of the mooring system. We then derive its RV, ACI, and RCI, which are based on a system performance curve and reliability analysis. We also consider the effects of climate change and the corrosion of the mooring chain. These factors can significantly affect environmental loads, structural performance, and the recovery process. Moreover, an illustrative example is provided that guides us through the methodology. The proposed method is applied to assess the resilience of a certain mooring system in the South China Sea over a 30‐year service life under different failure scenarios. Our results indicate that overlooking climate change in the design and operation of the mooring system can lead to a significant overestimation of its reliability index and resilience value.
Dual function of formamidinium chloride additive improves the efficiency and stability of low‐dimensional perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yang Lvpeng , Bie Tong , Ma Peiyu , Xin Jin , Nguyen Tho D. , Shao Ming
Published: June 2024

Despite their excellent intrinsic stability, low‐dimensional Ruddlesden‐Popper (LDRP) perovskites face challenges with low power conversion efficiency (PCE), primarily due to the widen bandgap and limited charge transport caused by the bulky spacer cation. Herein, we introduce formamidinium chloride (FACl) as an additive into (4‐FPEA)2MA4Pb5I16 perovskite. On the one hand, the addition of FACl narrows the bandgap through cation exchange between MA+ and FA+, thereby extending the light absorption range and enhancing photocurrent generation. On the other hand, this MA+/FA+ cation exchange decelerates the sublimation of methylammonium chloride and prolongs the crystallization of LDRP perovskite, leading to higher crystallinity and better film quality with a decreased trap‐state density. Consequently, this approach led to a remarkable PCE of 20.46% for  = 5 LDRP perovskite solar cells (PSCs), ranking among the highest for MA/FA mixed low dimensional PSCs reported to date. Remarkably, our PSCs maintained 90% and 92% of the initial efficiency even after 1300 h at (60 ± 5)°C and (60 ± 5)% relative humidity, respectively. This work promotes the development of LDRP PSCs with excellent efficiency and environmental stability for potential commercial application.
Edible‐plant derived 2′,4′‐dihydroxy‐6′‐methoxy‐3′,5′‐dimethylchalcone exert dual effects on invigorating triple‐negative breast cancer apoptosis
Authors: Yu Tingting , Jiang Yu , Guo Miaomiao , Wei Xing , Xin Xiujuan , An Faliang
Published: June 2024

2′,4′‐Dihydroxy‐6′‐methoxy‐3′,5′‐dimethylchalcone (DMC) is a typical and abundant chalcone compound from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus, which is well‐known for its edible and medicinal qualities. In this study, DMC showed effective cell cycle arrest at G2/M on MDA‐MB‐231 cells, though dual impacts, including the inhibition of microtubule polymerization through binding to β‐tubulin and the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by inhibiting catalase activity. The increased ROS level inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and further suppressed the expression level of Cdc2, Cdc25C, and Cyclin B1, alongside stimulated the expression level of p21 and p27. Above 29.5% MDA‐MB‐231 cells were arrested at G2/M phase, subsequently undergoing apoptosis due to heightened levels of apoptosis‐related proteins Bax and caspase 3. In summary, this study demonstrated that DMC concomitantly plays dual roles in apoptotic inducing by inhibiting the ROS consumption and microtubules formation in triple‐negative breast cancer cells.
Anticancer potential of Diospyrin and its analogues: An updated review
Authors: Rauf Abdur , Akram Zuneera , Hafeez Nabia , Khalil Anees Ahmed , Khalid Ahood , Hemeg Hassan A. , Aljohani Abdullah S. M. , Al Abdulmonem Waleed , Quradha Mohammed Mansour , Qahtan Abdulkader Moqbel Farhan
Published: June 2024

Cancer, characterized as one of the leading causes of death owing to its heterogeneity and complexity, hence poses a significant challenge to health care system across the globe. Current therapies for cancer curtailment are considered to have associated side effects, therefore discovery of novel alternative approaches is need of the time. In this context, natural products have attained an essential spot in the scientific community for the development of novel cancer treatments. Among others, Diospyrin, a bis‐hydroxy‐naphthoquinonoid, is a vital bioactive component present in various Diospyros and Euclea species. The bioactivity associated with Diospyrin's makes it a promising “lead molecule” for new chemotherapy. In this review, biosynthesis of Diospyrin and its analogues along with their anticancer activities has been discussed. Moreover, this review briefly discusses probable modes of action of Diospyrin and its analogues by targeting the molecular signal transduction pathways. This review also highlights the toxicological and clinical implications of diospyrin and its derivatives. Further pharmacological and pharmacogenetic studies are required to better understand the anticancer potential of Diospyrin and its analogues at the molecular and genetic levels.
Preventive effects of Chinese Xinjiang naturally fermented yogurt separated from Lactobacillus rhamnosusAFY02 on acute gouty arthritis in mice
Authors: Wang Mengwei , Fan Yang , Song Jing , Liu Yanqing , Liu Bihui , Zhao Xin , Wu Wenzhong
Published: June 2024

Lactobacillus rhamnosus AFY02 (LR‐AFY02) is a newly discovered strain isolated and identified from naturally fermented yogurt in Xinjiang, China. This research aims to investigate the mechanism of action of LR‐AFY02 in mice with acute gouty arthritis. We examined the degree of foot swelling, pain threshold, blood biochemical indicators, histopathological changes, and mRNA expression. LR‐AFY02 can decrease the severity of mouse foot edema and raise the pain threshold. LR‐AFY02 can increase the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of glutathione (GSH) while lowering the enzyme activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice with acute arthritis. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐10, interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels in the blood of mice with acute arthritis are also decreased by LR‐AFY02. Histopathological findings demonstrated that LR‐AFY02 reduced tissue damage in the mouse foot and ankle joints. LR‐AFY02 may suppress the mRNA expression of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL‐6, interferon gamma (IFN‐γ), and TNF‐α in the tissues of the ankle joints of mice with acute arthritis. Additionally, LR‐AFY02 has the ability to increase the expression of catalase (CAT), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD), and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn‐SOD). As a result, it is clear that L. rhamnosus AFY02 is more effective than glucosamine sulfate at preventing acute gouty arthritis.
Trans, trans‐2,4‐decadienal, a lipid peroxidation product, aggravates insulin resistance in obese mice by promoting adipose inflammation
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Zeng Xiangbo , Luo Ying , Pei Xuechen , Zhou Dayong , Zhu Beiwei
Published: June 2024

Peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids results in the creation of numerous α, β‐unsaturated aldehydes, many of which are complicated by the development of diabetes. Trans, trans‐2,4‐decadienal (DDE) is a dietary α, β‐unsaturated aldehyde that is commonly found in food and the environment. However, it is unknown whether DDE exposure has some negative effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. This study investigated the biological effects of long‐term DDE exposure in normal chow diet (NCD)‐fed non‐obese mice and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed obese mice. Results showed that oral administration of DDE for 14 weeks did not cause severe toxicity in NCD‐fed non‐obese mice but had significant adverse effects in HFD‐fed obese mice. It was found that DDE exposure caused significant increases in LDL and ALT levels and aggravated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in obese mice. Moreover, DDE robustly accumulated in adipose tissue and promoted the impairment of the insulin signaling pathway in the adipose tissue of obese mice while not affecting the skeletal muscle or liver. Mechanistically, DDE aggravated adipose tissue inflammation by promoting M1 macrophage accumulation and increasing proinflammatory cytokines in the adipocytes of obese mice, thus leading to impaired systemic insulin resistance. These findings provide crucial insights into the potential health impacts of long‐term DDE exposure.
The accurate digitization of historical sea level records
Authors: McLoughlin Patrick J. , McCarthy Gerard D. , Nolan Glenn , Lawlor Rosemarie , Hickey Kieran
Published: June 2024

Understanding regional sea level variations is crucial for assessing coastal vulnerability, with accurate sea level data playing a pivotal role. Utilizing historical sea level marigrams can enhance datasets, but current digitization techniques face challenges such as bends and skews in paper charts, impacting sea level values. This study explores often‐overlooked issues during marigram digitization, focusing on the case study of Dún Laoghaire in Ireland (1925–1931). The methodology involves digitizing the original marigram trace and underlying grid to assess offsets at the nearest ft (foot) interval on the paper chart, corresponding to changes in the water level trace for each hour interval. Subtracting the digitized value from the known value (the actual measurement) allows for the determination of differences, which are then subtracted from each hourly trace value. After adjusting for offsets ranging from −3.962 to 13.716 mm (millimetres), the study improves the final accuracy of sea level data to approximately the 10 mm level. Notably, data from 1926 and 1931 exhibit modest offsets (<7 mm), while other years show more substantial offsets (>9–14 mm), emphasizing the importance of adjustments for accuracy. Such 10 mm accuracy is compatible with requirements of the Global Sea Level Observing System. Comparing the adjusted digitized data with other survey data shows similar amplitudes and phases for Dún Laoghaire in both the historical and modern datasets, and there is an overall mean sea level rise of 1.5 mm/year when combined with the available data from the Dublin region.
Prognostic implications of mucosal and deep margin distances according to T‐status in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Poissonnet Valentine , Segier Bertille , Lopez Raphaël , Siegfried Aurore , Dupret‐Bories Agnès , Sarini Jérôme , Poulet Vinciane , Delanoë Franck , Vergez Sébastien , Chabrillac Emilien
Published: June 2024

Objective

To elucidate the prognostic implications of mucosal and deep margin distances in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), and to assess a different margin cut‐off value in T1‐T2 versus T3‐T4 tumors.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective study included 223 patients who received surgery for a primary OTSCC between January 2017 and December 2021.

Results

Multivariable analysis showed that deep margin distance ≥3 mm in T1‐T2 tumors and ≥5 mm in T3‐T4 tumors was significantly associated with better RFS and OS. Mucosal and deep margin distances were globally clinically useful for 2‐year RFS prediction of T1‐T2 tumors, for which deep margins seemed to have more clinical utility than mucosal margins. The influence of margin distances on 2‐year RFS seemed greater for T1‐T2 tumors than T3‐T4 tumors.

Conclusion

Mucosal and deep margin distances were associated with OS and RFS in OTSCC. Shorter deep margin distances may be aimed for in T1‐T2 versus T3‐T4 tumors.
Resources for action and organizational resilience in times of COVID‐19: A study in health care
Authors: Righi Angela Weber , Wachs Priscila , Ransolin Natália , Bertoni Vanessa Becker
Published: June 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic challenged health care organizations to cope with major disruptions, especially in the first waves. Several investigations were undertaken to understand how to support resilience during similar unexpected events. In this study, we attempted to unveil the resilient performance of health care organizations during the first waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic from the viewpoint of resources for action. Thus, the research objectives are twofold: (i) to evaluate organizational resilience in facing COVID‐19 by hospitals in Brazil and (ii) to evaluate the relationship between resources for action and resilient performance. Firstly, an online survey was sent to front‐line health care workers, resulting in 111 responses. Then, a questerview was undertaken through online interviews with some participants of the previous phase. Resources for action were interpreted as five aspects supporting decision‐making in health care organizations: information and communication; team, equipment, and tools; standard operating procedure (SOP); training; and built environment. Each resource was then unfolded based on the four potentials for resilient performance (i.e., anticipate, monitor, respond and learn). Respondents strongly agreed that their institutions are resilient (M = 4.15; standard deviation [SD] = 0.91). The potentials to learn (M = 4.23; SD = 0.96) and respond (M = 4.08; SD = 1.02) stood out, followed by monitoring (M = 3.85; SD = 1.07) and anticipating (M = 3.70; SD = 1.11). Although some differences stand out, findings corroborate with the joint performance of the resources for action to support resilience performance. Information and communication were the most present among the resources for action (M = 4.20). Making resources for action visible is a strategy for designing resilient systems, as it can be considered a bridge linking different resilience levels (micro, meso, and macro). Suggestions for future studies point out the need to promote the development and evaluation of resources for action in health care institutions.
Electrokinetically controlled mixed convective heat flow in a slit microchannel
Authors: Hamza Muhammed M. , Shehu Abubakar , Muhammad Ibrahim , Ojemeri Godwin , Shuaibu Abdulsalam
Published: June 2024

This study performs a time‐dependent analysis of mixed convection of an incompressible fluid and heat sink/source factor in an upstanding slit superhydrophobic (SHO) microchannel in the involvement of temperature jump and electroosmotic flow conditions. The internal wall of one of the sides in the microchannel is intentionally modified to demonstrate SHO slip and temperature jump conditions. A transverse magnetic effect is introduced in the path of the flow. The steady‐state solutions of the modeled problem have been analytically derived for temperature, velocity, pressure gradient, sheer stress, and heat transfer rate. The derived results are expounded thoroughly with the use of several plots. It is deduced that the elevating mixed convection (Gre), heat source/sink (Qs), Debye–Hückel (K), and nonlinear parameters (N) are observed to increase the fluid flow as time rises, and these effects are all higher when the velocity slip and temperature jump impacts are present. Further, the application of heat‐generating parameters is viewed to encourage the fluid temperature in the microchannel. Finally, the comparison between the current investigation with the previously published findings demonstrates a very good consistency for the limiting cases.
Neutralizing antibody responses against contemporary and future influenza A(H3N2) viruses in paradoxical clades elicited by repeated and single vaccinations
Authors: Zhang Ting , Han Yang , Huang Weijuan , Wei Hejiang , Zhao Yingze , Shu Liumei , Guo Yaxin , Ye Beiwei , Zhou Jianfang , Liu Jun
Published: June 2024

As one of the most effective measures to prevent seasonal influenza viruses, annual influenza vaccination is globally recommended. Nevertheless, evidence regarding the impact of repeated vaccination to contemporary and future influenza has been inconclusive. A total of 100 subjects singly or repeatedly immunized with influenza vaccines including 3C.2a1 or 3C.3a1 A(H3N2) during 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 influenza season were recruited. We investigated neutralization antibody by microneutralization assay using four antigenically distinct A(H3N2) viruses circulating from 2018 to 2023, and tracked the dynamics of B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire for consecutive vaccinations. We found that vaccination elicited cross‐reactive antibody responses against future emerging strains. Broader neutralizing antibodies to A(H3N2) viruses and more diverse BCR repertoires were observed in the repeated vaccination. Meanwhile, a higher frequency of BCR sequences shared among the repeated‐vaccinated individuals with consistently boosting antibody response was found than those with a reduced antibody response. Our findings suggest that repeated seasonal vaccination could broaden the breadth of antibody responses, which may improve vaccine protection against future emerging viruses.
Evaluation of circulating IgG antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis or its gingipains as serological markers of periodontitis and carriage of the bacterium
Authors: Massarenti Laura , Nielsen Claus Henrik , Danielsen Anne Katrine , Jensen Peter Østrup , Enevold Christian , Damgaard Christian
Published: June 2024

Background

Increasing evidence indicates that periodontitis contributes to systemic low‐grade inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with periodontitis, and antibodies against the bacterium may be used as a serological proxy to account for periodontal status, when studying diseases associated with periodontitis. The aim of the present study is to identify an easily accessible and reliable serological biomarker for determination of periodontal status and oral carriage of the bacterium.

Methods

Saliva and serum samples were collected from periodontally healthy controls (n = 27), and patients with periodontitis stage II (n = 12) or stages III or IV (n = 44). Serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against intact and fragmented P. gingivalis, recombinant gingipains (RgpA and RgpB), and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Capnocytophaga ochracea as controls were quantified with a multiplex bead‐based assay. P. gingivalis was identified in saliva using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results

Serum IgG antibodies against P. gingivalis whole bacteria were good indicators of periodontitis (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–0.85). The same was observed for levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis fragments (AUC: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68–0.88). Likewise, levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis whole bacteria or P. gingivalis fragments were good indicators of oral carriage of P. gingivalis (AUC: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98 and AUC: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–1, respectively). Conversely, antibodies against recombinant RgpA and RgpB were not good indicators of periodontitis or oral carriage of the bacterium. None of the antibody levels differed significantly between stage II and stage III or IV periodontitis.

Conclusion

Serum IgG antibody levels against heat‐inactivated whole P. gingivalis proved to be the preferable biomarker for periodontitis and oral carriage of the bacterium.
Microflexiblity and local integrability of horizontal curves
Authors: Pino Álvaro del , Shin Tobias
Published: June 2024

Let be an analytic bracket‐generating distribution. We show that the subspace of germs that are singular (in the sense of control theory) has infinite codimension within the space of germs of smooth curves tangent to . We formalize this as an asymptotic statement about finite jets of tangent curves. This solves, in the analytic setting, a conjecture of Eliashberg and Mishachev regarding an earlier claim by Gromov about the microflexibility of the tangency condition.

From these statements it follows, by an argument due to Gromov, that the ‐principle holds for maps and immersions transverse to .
Weakly compact sets in Orlicz–Bochner sequence spaces
Authors: Gong Wanzhong , Shi Siyu , Shi Zhongrui
Published: June 2024

In this work, we give three kinds of criteria for weak sets in Orlicz–Bochner sequence spaces without constraints, conditions posited in each criterion are necessary and sufficient. As an application, we give criteria for weak sets in Orlicz sequence spaces. Well‐known conclusions are exhibited once more, such as Schur's theorem, Banach–Alaoglu's theorem, and the boundedly compact principle of finite dimension space. The results obtained show that the weak compactness may not be extrapolated straightforwardly from to , for example, .
Step‐Growth Polymerized Systems of type “A3 + A1”: A Method to Calculate the Bivariate (Molecular size) × (Square Radius of Gyration) Number Distribution
Authors: Hillegers L.Tom , Slot Johan J. M.
Published: June 2024

Step‐growth polymerized systems of type “A3 + A1” are considered. The monomers bear, respectively, 3 or 1 reactive A group. During the reaction, an A group on one monomeric unit might react with an A group on another such unit, thus chemically coupling the two units involved. Complexly structured polymeric molecules are formed. The A3's act as branching points; the A1's as end cappers. At the end of the reaction, the population of molecules present in the reactor vessel varies in size and branching structure. A method is presented to calculate the bivariate (molecular size) × (square radius of gyration) number distribution. It is shown that within the class of molecules of the same size, their square radius of gyration follows a shifted gamma distribution. Two new molecular parameters are introduced: the D index and the G index. The method uses bivariate generating functions.
Evaluation of cell‐laden three‐dimensional bioprinted polymer composite scaffolds based on synthesized photocrosslinkable poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate with different molecular weights
Authors: Unagolla Janitha M. , Tillekeratne Liyanaaratchige V. , Jayasuriya Ambalangodage C.
Published: June 2024

This manuscript aims to three‐dimensional bioprint and evaluate new polymer composite scaffolds based on synthesized poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) as well as methyl cellulose and gelatin. The PEGDMA was synthesized by a simple microwave‐assisted method using three distinct molecular weights (MWs) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), 3, 6, and 12 kDa, and methacrylic anhydride. The percent functionalization of the PEGDMA was analyzed using the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, and the theoretical calculations indicated that over 50% of methacrylation was achieved in all samples, with the PEGDMA synthesized from 6 kDa PEG surpassing 66% methacrylation. These three PEGDMA‐based bioinks were investigated for their suitability for bioprinting scaffolds. It was observed that lower MW PEGDMA resulted in a higher degree of crosslinking, leading to more stable composite scaffolds. However, higher crosslinking degree did not support long‐term cell viability when encapsulated with cells. Higher MW PEGDMA showed higher cell viability over time though overall stability was lower. Synthesized PEGDMA with 6 kDa PEG showed both stability and long‐term cell viability after postprinting. Over 80% of cell viability was maintained for a 7‐day study period, showing potential use in tissue engineering applications as a cell delivery vehicle.
Will the substitution policy resolve the shortage of personal protection equipment?
Authors: Chen Jiguang , Chen Lu , Chen Ying‐Ju
Published: June 2024

Personal protective equipment (PPE) like face mask is important in managing pandemic. Typically, there exist different standards for face masks such as N95 and KN95. In response to the supply shortages of N95 mask in 2020, KN95 mask was allowed to be sold in U.S. to substitute the standard product N95. This paper considers when suppliers make products to supply both domestic and overseas markets with different product standards (i.e., the standard product for domestic/overseas market is the ordinary/high‐type product), and explore the impact of the substitution policy of allowing the ordinary product as a substitutable product in the overseas market. Analytically we prove that this substitution policy is win‐win by increasing the sales in both markets when ordinary and high‐type products are close substitutes in the presence of strong diseconomies of scale in material supply, or the high‐type product has a dominant competitive advantage in the presence of strong economies of scale in material supply. By contrast, the substitution policy is lose‐lose by decreasing the sales in both markets when the competitive advantage of the high‐type product is small in the presence of strong economies of scale in material supply. Moreover, numerical studies with the real data show the robustness of our analytical findings, and unfold the backfire of imposing export restriction on the standard product for domestic market.