bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joseph Ḥazzāyā. Book of the Chapters on Knowledge (Newfound Fragments)
Authors: Калинин Максим Глебович
Published: January 2021

Настоящая публикация содержит оригинальный текст и русский перевод новонайденных фрагментов «Книги глав о ведении» Иосифа Хаззайи (VIII в.), одного из ярчайших представителей восточносирийской мистической традиции. Единственная известная исследователям рукопись «Книги глав о ведении» (содержавшая около 2700 глав) была утрачена в 1915 г. С тех пор специалистам оставались доступны только цитаты из этого произведения, сохранившиеся в составе комментария восточносирийского автора Афрема Киркесиона (около 300 глав), также порядка 550 глав, сохранившихся в западносирийской традиции. В 2018 г. М. Г. Калининым и А. М. Преображенским были обнаружены порядка 250 новых глав из этого произведения, которые ныне предлагаются вниманию русскоязычного читателя.

This publication contains the original text and the Russian translation of the newly discovered fragments of «Book of the Chapters on Knowledge» of Joseph Ḥazzāyā (8th c.), one of the brightest representatives of the East Syriac mystical tradition. The only manuscript known to researchers «Book of the Chapters on Knowledge» (containing about 2700 chapters) was lost in 1915. Since experts remained available only quotes from this work, preserved in the commentary of the East Syriac author Aphrem of Qirkqesion (around 300 chapters), as well as about 550 chapters, preserved in the West Syriac tradition. In 2018, M. G. Kalinin andM. Preobrazhensky discovered about 250 new chapters of this work, which are now offered to Russian-speaking readers.
Saint Cyril of Alexandria. Commentary on John (Newfound Fragments)
Authors: Юлаев Феодор
Published: January 2021

В публикации представлены в русском переводе новые фрагменты «Толкования на Евангелие от Иоанна» свт. Кирилла Александрийского, обнаруженные после выхода его критического издания, осуществлённого в 1872 г. Ф. Пьюзи. Во вступительной статье напоминается об утрате 7-8 книг этого толкования и даётся краткий обзор прежних изданий фрагментов утраченных книг Ж. Обера, А. Маи, Ж.-П. Миня и Ф. Пьюзи. Сообщается о позднейших публикациях Й. Ройса (1944, 1966 г.), А. Алексакиса (1996 г.) и К. Завадски (2018 г.), дополнивших «Толкование» новыми фрагментами. Даётся обзор содержания новонайденных фрагментов. На основании особенностей триадологической терминологии высказывается предположение, что два опубликованных А. Алексакисом фрагмента рукописи Paris. gr. 1115 в действительности не принадлежат свт. Кириллу Александрийскому. Подвергается критике суждение К. Завадски относительно датировки временем несторианского спора обнаруженного им фрагмента рукописи Athon. Pantocr. 28 на основании встречающегося здесь выражения «богоносный человек» (ἄνθρωπος θεοφόρος). Отмечается, что это выражение было в употреблении задолго до этого спора, и что критика христологического дуализма встречается и в ранних творениях свт. Кирилла. Делается вывод, что наличие выражения «богоносный человек» в «Толковании на Евангелие от Иоанна» не даёт оснований для отказа от его традиционного отнесения ко времени до 428/429 г.

The paper presents the newfound fragments of St. Cyril of Alexandria’s «Commentary on John» translated into Russian. The fragments in question were discovered after critical edition of this Commentary by Ph. Pusey was published in 1872. The Introduction reminds 7-8th books of the Commentary had been lost. It provides the brief overview of earlier publications containing fragments of the lost books by J. Aubert, A. Mai, J.-P. Migne and Ph. Pusey. The latest publications of J. Reuss (1944, 1966), A. Alexakis (1996) and K. Zawadzki (2018) who complemented the Commentary with new fragments are mentioned as well. The overview of content of the newfound fragments is presented. Basing on specifics of triadological terminology, the assumption is made that the two fragments of the Cod. Paris. gr. 1115 published by Alexakis do not actually belong to St. Cyril of Alexandria. The statement of Zawadzki who dates the fragment of Cod. Athon. Pantocr. 28 (discovered by him) to the times of Nestorian controversy due to occurrence of the expression «God-bearing man» (ἄνθρωπος θεοφόρος) in it is criticized. It is suggested that the abovementioned expression had been circulating long before the controversy, and criticism of dualism in christology is also encountered in the early works of St. Cyril. The conclusion is drawn that occurrence of the expression «God-bearing man» in the St. Cyril’s Commentary does not provide grounds to reject its traditional attribution to the period before 428/429.
Saint Photius of Constantinople. Amphilochia. Treatise 1
Authors: Афиногенов Дмитрий Евгеньевич
Published: January 2021

Трактат 1 из сборника «Амфилохии» св. патр. Фотия на примере истолкования конкретных мест из Библии объясняет методологию библейской экзегезы вообще. Во внимание должен приниматься не только богословский или исторический контекст, но также чисто филологические аспекты: семантика, интонация, языковой узус Нового Завета и Септуагинты, возможные разночтения и т. д. Патриарх убеждён, что при правильном пользовании этим инструментарием можно объяснить все кажущиеся противоречащими высказывания Св. Писания таким образом, что они окажутся в полном согласии друг с другом.

The first treatise from «Amphilochia» by the St. Patriarch Photios expounds the general principles of the biblical exegesis on a specific example of certain passages from the Bible. It is not just the theological or historical context that has to be taken into consideration, but also purely philological aspects, such as semantics, intonation, the language usage of the New Testament and Septuagint, possible variant readings etc. The Patriarch is convinced, that the correct application of these tools makes it possible to perfectly harmonize all seemingly contradictory statements of the Scriptures.
Joseph Ḥazzāyā. Book of the Chapters on Knowledge (Newfound Fragments)
Authors: Калинин Максим Глебович
Published: January 2021

Продолжая публиковать оригинальный текст и русский перевод новонайденных фрагментов «Книги глав о ведении» Иосифа Хаззайи (VIII в.), одного из ярчайших представителей восточносирийской мистической традиции, предлагаем вниманию читателей главы 75-162 из фрагмента, представленного восточносирийской рукописью Paris. syr. 434. Эти главы включают в себя комментарий Иосифа Хаззайи на видение Иезекииля, другие экзегетические пассажи, изречения о смирении и любви, описания мистического опыта и пространное рассуждение о роли ангелов в жизни человечества.

We proceed to publish the original text and Russian translation of the newly discovered fragments of «Book of the Chapters on Knowledge» of Joseph Ḥazzāyā (8th c.), one of the brightest representatives of the East Syriac mystical tradition. Now the readers are offered the original text and Russian translation of chapters 75-162 from the fragment of Joseph Ḥazzāyā’s work known from the East Syriac manuscript Paris. syr. 434. These chapters include the commentary of Joseph Ḥazzāyā on Ezekiel’s vision, another exegetical passages, sayings on humility and love, various descriptions of mystical experience, and a lengthy discourse on the role of angels in the life of human beings.
Saint Bede the Venerable. Commentary on Revelation, ch. 1-3
Authors: Ненарокова Мария Равильевна
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена первому произведению англосаксонского богослова Беды Досточтимого в жанре комментария - «Толкованию на Апокалипсис». «Толкование» Беды рассматривается как литературное произведение, поскольку в Средние века выбор литературной формы определялся его коммуникативной задачей. Даётся краткий обзор исследований и переводов текста, выполненных зарубежными учёными. В статье затрагиваются следующие вопросы: датировка теста, связь текста Беды с античным риторическим наследием, использование аллегории, проблема жанра произведения, роль сквозных образов в «Толковании», деление текста Беды на книги. Исследование текста показало, что Беда воспринимал Откровение как историческое повествование по содержанию и как аллегорию по форме. В комментарии Беды особую роль играют приём «повторения прежде сказанного» и введение сквозных образов. Три книги «Толкования» могут соответствовать делению истории на три эпохи: эпоха Новозаветной Церкви, эпоха пришествия Антихриста и Страшного Суда, эпоха Небесного Града. «Толкование» Беды представляют собой не только объяснения малопонятных мест «Откровения св. ап. Иоанна Богослова», но и первый опыт исторического описания судеб Вселенской Церкви.

The article presents «Commentary on Revelation», the first work of the AngloSaxon theologian Beda the Venerable in the genre of commentary. It is regarded as a literary work, since in the Middle Ages the choice of the literary form was determined by its communicative task. A brief overview of studies and translations of the text consists of the works, published since the 50ies of the XXth century. The following issues are touched upon: dating of the test, the connection of Bede’s text with the ancient rhetorical heritage, the use of allegory, the problem of the Commentary’s genre, the role of cross-cutting images, the division of the text into books. The study of the text showed that Bede regarded Revelation as a historical narrative in content, but as an allegory in form. A special role is assigned to recapitulation technique and cross-cutting images. Three books of the Commentary may correspond to the division of history into three eras. Bede’s Commentary is not only an explanation of obscure places of the «Revelation of St. John the Theologian», but also the pioneering experience of a historical description of the fate of the Ecumenical Church.
Sacramental Prayer of Joseph Ḥazzāyā
Authors: Преображенский Александр Михайлович , Калинин Максим Глебович
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена рукописной традиции евхаристической молитвы Иосифа Хаззайи. Она является одним из самых ярких текстов этого восточносирийского мистика, связанных с литургической тематикой. Вводятся в научный оборот два новых рукописных свидетельства евхаристической молитвы Иосифа Хаззайи. Впервые даётся описание чина «Литургии для отшельников», в составе которого евхаристическая молитва сохранилась в части рукописей. Наконец, впервые на русском языке публикуется перевод этой молитвы с классического сирийского языка.

The present paper deals with the manuscript tradition of the sacramental prayer of Joseph Ḥazzāyā, an East Syriac mystical writer and theologian of the 8th c. This prayer is one of his most outstanding texts dealing with liturgical topics. Two previously unidentified manuscript attestations of the sacramental prayer are described here. For the first time the description of the «Order of the liturgy for solitaries» is provided. Besides this, for the first time for Russian-speaking readers, a translation from Syriac is made for this prayer.
Whom Did the Seraphim Sing? Interpretation of Is. 6, 3 in the Byzantine and Armenian Exegetical Traditions
Authors: Пантелеев Сергий
Published: January 2021

Трисвятая песнь по-разному звучит в Церквах православных и древних ориентальных. Разница заключается в наличии или отсутствии приставки «распныйся ради нас» и, соответственно, в обращённости ко всей Святой Троице или только ко Христу. В основе гимна лежит, по признанию и древних, и современных авторов, славословие серафимов «Свят, Свят, Свят» (Ис. 6, 3). Как понимается это видение в византийской экзегетической традиции и в армянской? К кому была обращена песнь ангельских сил? Ко всей Святой Троице или только к Сыну? Толкованиям пророчества в двух названных традициях посвящена настоящая статья.

The Trisagion sounds differently in the Orthodox and the Ancient Oriental Churches, inasmuch as the text contains or is missing the words «who was crucified for us»; thus it appears to address, respectively, the entire Holy Trinity or only Jesus Christ. It is recognized by the ancient and contemporary authors alike that the hymn is based on the praise sung by the Seraphim: «Holy, Holy, Holy» (Is. 6, 3). How is this vision understood in the Byzantine and Armenian exegetical traditions? Whom did the heavenly host address, the entire Holy Trinity or solely the Son? The article is dedicated to interpretations of the prophesy in the two said traditions.
Teaching Materials for the Course: «Controversy of the Eastern Fathers and Christian Writers of the Church» (Section One: Pre-Nicene Period. Part 1.1)
Authors: Кожухов Сергий
Published: January 2021

Данный учебно-методический материал предлагается в качестве начального учебного пособия для изучения полемики, имевшей место в Церкви с начала II в. по VII в. включительно. Он состоит из двух частей: в первой даётся общее содержания курса для вышеуказанного периода; во второй - представлено более предметное описание первой части первого раздела курса, которая охватывает начальный этап полемики в Доникейский период. В представлении каждой темы даётся три необходимых для её изучения отдела: описание главных эпизодов полемики и реакции на неё Церкви, литература по теме и вопросы для самоподготовки.

This Teaching Materials is offered in the quality of primary textbooks for the study of the controversy that took place in the Church since the beginning of the II century to VII century inclusive. It consists of two parts: the first gives the general content of the course above-named period; the second part provides a more detailed description of the first part of the first section of the course, which covers the initial stage of the controversy in the PreNicene period. The presentation of each topic provides three sections necessary for its study: a description of the main episodes of the controversy and the reaction of the Church to it, literature on the topic and questions for self-training.
From Mariology to Tritheism. On Some Possible Late Byzantine Parallels to Leontius’ of Byzantium and John Philoponus’ Ideas (Theophanes of Nicaea, John XI Veccus, Georges Moskhambar). Part 2
Authors: Макаров Дмитрий Игоревич
Published: January 2021

Статья представляет собой вторую часть исследования о возможных перекличках и влияниях между Леонтием Византийским и латинофильской мыслью Византии XIII в. (Иоанн XI Векк). Показано, что основная путаница в сочинении Векка «Об унии между Церквами Старого и Нового Рима», вызванная нечётким употреблением категорий «сущность», «ипостась», «природа», «воипостасное» и др., могла иметь в качестве одной из причин недостаточное знакомство с трудами Леонтия Византийского, особенно с сочинением «Против несториан и евтихиан», в котором сам Леонтий предвидел ходы мысли, аналогичные рассуждениям Векка. В русле той же тенденции лежит и сведéние латинофильства Векка к тритеизму, представленное в антирретике Георгия Мосхамбара «Против богохульств Векка» (1281). Труды таких мыслителей, как Леонтий Византийский и Мосхамбар опровергают распространённое мнение (представленное, в частности, в трудах Х.-Г. Бека и Т. Кольбабы), будто в византийском богословии риторика превалировала над логикой.

The article is the second part of our study concerning some possible repercussions and influences between Leontius of Byzantium and the thirteenth-century Byzantine Latinophile thought (Veccus). We have demonstrated that the main confusion in Veccus’ On the Union between the Churches of the Old and the New Rome was due, first, to the too wide usage of such categories as essence, hypostasis, nature, and enhypostaton, and, second, to the Patriarch’s lack of awareness of Leontius’ writings, especially of Against Nestorians and Eutychians, where the author himself had foreseen some lines of reasoning analogous to those of Veccus. On much the same lines that reduction of Veccus’ Latinophile ideas to tritheism is based which can be found in Georges Moschambar’s Against the Blasphemies of Veccus dating back to 1281. Leontius’ and Moschambar’s treatises do indeed refute a widespread idea represented, in particular, by H.-G. Beck and T. Kolbaba, that in Byzantine theology rhetoric dominated over logic.
Joseph Ḥazzāyā: A Bibliographical Essay
Authors: Калинин Максим Глебович
Published: January 2021

В настоящей статье содержится обзор всех публикаций (на начало 2020 г.), специально посвящённых Иосифу Хаззайе, восточносирийскому мистику VIII в., а также важнейших публикаций на смежные темы, в которых анализируются идеи этого автора. Обзор включает в себя 4 раздела: 1) справочные работы, посвященные Иосифу Хаззайе; 2) издания и переводы его сочинений; 3) исследования его мистического учения и источников этого учения; 4) публикации, в которых разбираются вопросы об осуждении Иосифа Хаззайи на Соборе патриарха Тимофея I и последующей реабилитации мистика.

he present paper provides an overview of all the publications (by the beginning of 2020) devoted to Joseph Ḥazzāyā, an East Syriac mystical writer of the 8th century, and also deals with the main publications on the related topics where an analysis of Joseph’s mystical teaching is provided. The overview proceeds in four sections that deal with 1) reference works on Joseph Ḥazzāyā; 2) editions and translations of his writings; 3) studies of his mystical teaching and its sources; 4) works dealing with the condemnation of Joseph Ḥazzāyā on the Counsil summoned by patriarch Timothy I, as well as with the subsequent acquittal of this mystical writer
Mār Aphrem’ Memra ‘On Solitaries’ and the Founders of the Messalian Movement in 4th Century Edessa. Part First: Context and Text (1-100)
Authors: Муравьёв Алексей Владимирович
Published: January 2021

Первая часть посвящена исследованию аскетических тем у Мар Афрема на основе сопоставления разных частей его корпуса. Сирийский аскетизм у него отражён в трёх основных формах: городские общины «обетников», странничество и разновидность последнего - «воскизм», связанный не только с отказом от стабильного местопребывания, но и с определённой диетой (питанием травой и листьями). Странничество (ˀksnayūṯā) в латинской и греческой традиции попало под подозрения, gyrovagi и «мессалиане» стали проклинаться и изгоняться. В сирийской традиции конкуренция между странничеством и киновией была более долгой. В IV в. этот вопрос для Мар Афрема ещё не имел остроты: он восхвалял Мар Юлиана Саббу и Мар Авраама Кидонского, которые практиковали радикальные формы отшельничества. В ряду аскетических сочинений Мар Афрема важное место занимает мемра (метризованная гомилия) «Об отшельниках». Она принадлежит к циклу сочинений и интересна прежде всего описанием форм местных особенностей аскетической жизни (īḥı̄ ḏayūṯā) в Верхней Месопотамии и Сирии. В ней описаны практики пустынного отшельничества и социальной самоизоляции, которые связываются с начальным этапом «мессалианского» движения (национального сирийского аскетизма). Статья сопровождается переводом стихов 1-100 мемры.

The article (being the 1st part of the cycle) is dedicated to the ascetic themes in Mār Aphrem the of Nisibis (St. Ephrem the Syrian) treated in different parts of his corpus. Asceticism is reflecxted in mār Aphrem under three main forms: city asceticism, wandering asceticism (xeniteia) and the sub-form of the latter, boskoi-asceticism. The wandering tradition got strog criticism in the Latin and Greek tradition as gyrovagi and ‘messalians’. In the Syriac tradition, the competition between wanderinf and coenobion lasted much longer. Aphrem’s mêmrā (metrical homily) On the hermits and solitaries belongs to the ascetical cycle and is interesting, first of all, by its description of the local forms of asceticism (īḥıḏayūṯā) in Upper Mesopotamia and Syria. It describes the practices of desert hermitage and social self-isolation, which are associated with the initial stage of the ‘messalian’ movement which turns to be a form of the national Syrian asceticism. The translation of verses 1-100 of the memra accompanies the text.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer: A Bibliographical Essay
Authors: Лебедев Дмитрий Николаевич
Published: January 2021

В настоящей статье содержится обзор изданного наследия Д. Бонхёффера, его переводов на русский язык, а также некоторых избранных руссконемецкои англоязычных научных трудов и статей, посвящённых изучению различных аспектов его богословия. Обзор включает в себя семь разделов: 1) описание изданных работ Д. Бонхёффера и их переводов на русский язык; 2) биографии Д. Бонхёффера; 3) обзорные и справочные статьи; 4) базовые работы, посвящённые наследию Д. Бонхёффера; 5) сборники статей;русскоязычные исследования; 7) западные труды по различным аспектам теологии Бонхёффера (избранное).

The present paper provides an overview of Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s editions and translations into Russian, and also deals with some selected works in Russian, German and English devoted to different aspects of Bonhoeffer’s theology. The overview includes seven sections: 1) description of Bonhoeffer’s editions and translations into Russian; 2) Bonhoeffer’s biographies; 3) overviews and references; 4) main publications; 5) collections of articles; 6) researches in Russian; 7) selected English and German papers on different aspects of Bonhoeffer’s theology.
Epistle of Patriarch Peter III of Antioch on Azymos in Slavic Tradition
Authors: Сизиков Александр Владимирович
Published: January 2021

Работа посвящена древнерусскому переводу второй части послания антиохийского патриарха Петра III Доминику, архиепископу Градо. В статье представлен древнерусский текст с разночтениями по трём рукописям параллельно с греческим. На древнерусский язык переведена только та часть послания, которая касается спора об опресноках, предшествовавшего Великой схизме. Перевод имеет оригинальные интерполяции и интересен тем, что выполнен в кругу первых русских митрополитов в домонгольский период.

The article presents an Old Russian translation of the Epistle of Antiochian Patriarch Peter III to Archbishop of Grado on azymos. We offer the Old Russian text with Greek parallels. The Old Russian Text is supplied with apparatus based on 3 other manuscripts. The text is a translation of the second part of the polemic letter with some interpolations. The translation was made in the circle of the first Russian Metropolitans during the Pre-Mongol period.
'Alternative Prologue’ to the Greek Text of Ben Sira
Authors: Сизиков А.В.
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена малоизвестному «альтернативному прологу» к Книге Премудрости Иисуса, сына Сирахова. Он находится в качестве предисловия в одной из важнейших для истории греческого перевода рукописей. Несмотря на то, что «альтернативный пролог» повлиял на историю ранних европейских изданий Библии, он остаётся малоизученным и практически неизвестным. В настоящей статье мы предлагаем русский перевод этого текста, прослеживаем его историю и высказываем некоторые комментарии к его содержанию.

The article approaches a little-known «Alternative Prologue» to Ben Sira. The «Alternative Prologue» is attested in one of the most important minuscules as a preface, it probably came from the «Synopsis» of Athanasius of Alexandria. Even though the «Alternative Prologue» influenced the history of first printed European Bibles it is neglected by the scholars remaining practically unknown. In this article, we offer a Russian translation supplying it with some historical
and philological notes.
Bulletin of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies. Bibliographical Review
Authors: Вевюрко И.С.
Published: January 2021

Журнал (в прошлом бюллетень организации) по изучению Септуагинты и смежных текстов является ведущим периодическим изданием в своей области. По его выпускам можно проследить, как развивалась наука о Септуагинте в новейшее время, какие темы, проблемные поля в ней признавались приоритетными, как создавались, корректировались и приводились в исполнение научные планы. Первое десятилетие издания бюллетеня стало временем аккумулирования научных сил и информации. Несомненно, бюллетень оказался подходящим средством связи для специалистов из разных стран мира, которые благодаря ему оказывались в едином информационном пространстве. Кроме того, он постепенно становился и полигоном для апробирования новых научных идей. В обзоре прослеживается развитие основных теоретических линий и содержательного наполнения бюллетеня.

The Journal (formerly Bulletin of the International Organization) for Septuagint and Cognate Studies is the leading periodical in its field. Its issues allow us to trace the development of the science on the Septuagint in modern times, to comprehend what topics and problem fields were recognized as priorities, and how scientific plans were created, adjusted, and implemented. The f﻿irst decade of publication of the Bulletin was a period of accumulation of scientific forces and information. Undoubtedly, the Bulletin turned out to be a suitable means of communication for specialists from different countries of the world, who thanks to it found themselves in a single information space. In addition, it gradually has been becoming to be a testing ground for new scientific ideas. The review traces the development of the main theoretical lines and content of the Bulletin.
The Role of Archpriest Eugene Popov in Enhancing of the Anglican-Orthodox Dialog
Authors: Очканов Ярослав
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию малоизученной стороны деятельности видного русского священнослужителя протоиерея Евгения Попова, бывшего с 1842 по 1875 гг. настоятелем русской посольской церкви в Лондоне. Его служение на Английской земле совпало с углублением диалога между Русской Православной и Англиканской церквами, явившегося следствием религиозных преобразований в Англии в 1830 - 1840-е гг. Отец Евгений в рассматриваемый период фактически стал связующим звеном между русским церковноначалием и англиканами - инициаторами единения двух Церквей. Он проделал огромную работу по популяризации православия в Англии и много сделал для ознакомления русской церковной общественности с вероучением и структурными особенностями англиканства. Материалом для исследования послужили, прежде всего, письма протоиерея Евгения Попова обер-прокурорам Святейшего Синода Н. А. Протасову и А. П. Толстому. Эти документы являются своеобразными отчётами о современном состоянии Англиканской Церкви, о религиозных течениях в ней и усилиях, предпринимаемых определёнными церковными кругами в Англии по сближению с православием. Результаты его деятельности имели важное значение в последующие десятилетия, когда англикано-православный диалог вышел на церковно-государственный уровень.

The article is devoted to the insufficiently studied aspects of Russian prominent cleric Archpriest Eugene Popov, rector of Russian Embassy Church in London from 1842 to 1875. His Ministry on the English soil coincided with the deepening of the dialogue between the Russian Orthodox and Anglican Churches, which was the result of religious transformations in England in the 1830s and 1840s. Father Eugene in the period under consideration actually became a connecting link between the Russian Church authorities and the anglicans-initiators of the union of the two Churches. He had done a great job by popularizing Orthodoxy in England and by familiarizing the Russian Church community with the doctrine and structural features of Anglicanism. The study, first of all, is based the letters of Archpriest Yevgeny Popov to the chief prosecutors of the Holy Synod N. A. Protasov and A. P. Tolstoy, which were original reports on the current state of the Anglican Church, it’s religious trends, and the efforts made by certain Church circles in England to get closer to Orthodoxy. The fruits of his activities were important in the following decades, when the Anglican-Orthodox dialogue reached the Church-state level.
Chemical Synthesis of Marble Powder-Fly Ash Doped Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composites and Comparison between their Structural, Thermal and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Canan A. Canbay  , N. Unlu
Published: January 2021

In this study, poly (vinyl alcohol) based composite materials were produced. Fly ash and Karaman Beige and Rosso Levanto marble powders were taken by Alacakaya Marble and Mining Business and they were used as fillers. Composite materials (at the rate of 1/20 by mass) were produced. The microstructure analysis of the materials was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer analysis was used to get information about the functional groups in the structures of the materials. The thermal behavior of the materials was analyzed by Differential Thermal Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry at the same single heating rate of 10 C/min. X-Ray Diffraction analysis was performed to determine the crystallographic properties of the materials at room temperature. The mechanical and physical properties of the obtained materials were examined by stress-strain analysis.
Realidades jurídicas em que vivemos: novo realismo jurídico e a necessidade de uma epistemologia jurídica
Authors: Augsberg Ino , Alves Luiz Filipe Araújo
Published: January 2021

Os esforços atuais para desenvolver um conceito “realista” do direito internacional devem levar em conta que não existe apenas uma realidade. Não basta admitir que a realidade pode ser percebida por diferentes ângulos. Pelo contrário, um relato realista da sociedade moderna tem de reconhecer que já não podemos falar do 'mundo' ou da 'realidade' como uma entidade singular. As perspectivas são importantes; elas constroem os seus próprios e distintos objetos de cognição. Um 'Novo Realismo Jurídico' é deliberadamente novo, legal e realista apenas na medida em que é concebido como um entendimento de como o direito (internacional) cria as suas próprias realidades.
INVESTIGATION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS FACADE FIRE-FIGHTING EAVES FOR PREVENT THE SPREAD OF FIRES ON FACADE STRUCTURES OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
Authors: Ballo Ya. , Yakovchuk R. , Nizhnyk V. , Sizikov O. , Kuzyk A.
Published: January 2021

Purpose. The research based on FDS modeling aims to identify design parameters influence of the façade firefighting eaves at fire compartment border on the prevention of fire spreading in high-rise buildings.Methods. To calculate the temperature in high-rise building model Pyrosim computer system is used which serves as the user's shell application Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). This FDS system uses numerical algorithms to solve the complete Navier-Stokes differential equation system to determine the temperature and other hazardous factors during a fire.Results. This article deals with the results of using the FDS modeling to substantiate fire-fighting eaves design parameters, which are extended beyond the facade and are located at fire compartment border along the perimeter of high-rise buildings with a conventional height of more than 73.5 m. A comparative analysis of eaves' design parameters and their effect on the temperature distribution along the building facade during a possible fire was conducted. Comparative dependences of tempera-ture distribution on building facades were constructed, as well as their heating areas were determined.Scientific novelty. According to national and foreign regulations requirement analytical research and information sources on the of high-rise buildings design, fire safety requirements to the high-rise public buildings facades with a conventional height of more than 73.5 m were scientifically substantiated in terms of the requirements formation for limiting the fire spreading, smoke and building facades exterior constructions heating.Practical value. Obtained data was analyzed as a result of FDS modeling under the same reference conditions to provide a conclusion on facade fire-fighting eaves design parameters effectiveness at fire compartment border and further improvement ways of their construction and fire spread prevention in high-rise buildings.
RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS FIRE SAFETY IN UKRAINE
Authors: Vovk S. , Ferents N. , Lyn A.
Published: January 2021

Problem. Religious buildings with a large number of people are fire hazardous. In total, there are 17,407 religious buildings in Ukraine. Out of them, approximately 3,000 are highly fire hazardous wooden buildings.The fire danger feature of religious buildings is open fire usage: candles, torches, lamps, underground rooms with complex planning, lack of ventilation systems. Besides, ancient religious buildings are mostly built using wooden materials. Fires occuring there are resonant, causing material and spiritual damage to the state and society. On average, about 20 fires occur each year in religious buildings, including wooden temples of historical heritage.Рurpose. Fire analysis in religious buildings in Ukraine and their occurrence causes; fire safety of religious buildings research.Preventive measures for religious building fire safety in Ukraine are prioritised by state program for emergency response. The State Emergency Service of Ukraine constantly monitors compliance with fire safety standards, which includes regular facilities inspections, personnel training control to prevent fires and reduce the consequences of fires, development, implementation, and control of technical methods of safety.Research methods. To achieve this goal, further methods were used: historical, systemic, theoretical generalization, abstract, logical, analysis, synthesis, comparative, and statistical methods.The main results. The most common shortcomings in religious building fire protection are the lack or malfunction of automatic fire alarms, power grid requirement non-compliance with the rules of the power grid, improper facility provision of with primary fire extinguishers, lack of lightning and water supplies for firefighting. In most buildings, wooden structures are not treated with refractory mortar.Fire causes and ways to prevent and improve fire safety are analyzed, namely: fire protection of religious building wooden elements, dome space fire extinguishing systems, fire alarm systems, lightning protection, safe people’s evacuation, candlesticks installation on non-combustible surfaces, primary fire extinguishing equipment, fire condition qualitative inspection of the of the heritage building, etc.Conclusions. After service, buildings must be completely deenergized, lighted candles and open fires must not be left unattended in the church. In religious buildings, it is necessary to carry out fire protection of wooden elements constructions, to install fire extinguishing systems in domed space, fire alarm system, lightning protection, to watch serviceability of electric networks. Rules of fire safety requirements for religious buildings are aimed at solving an important task - religious buildings safety. Unfortunately, due to lack of funds, the most important requirements are not implemented to improve fire safety.
INFLUENCE OF FIRE PARTITIONS FOR SPEED FIRE DISTRIBUTION IN CLOSED PREMISES OF PRODUCTION AND STORAGE FACILITIES
Authors: Hulida E. , Sharуу V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Fires in closed premises of production and storage facilities are the most dangerous, because they hold large areas with a significant fire load. The current direction of providing a fire safety system at production and storage facilities in closed premises is to eliminate the conditions of the rapid development of fire and minimizing its effect through the use of fire curtains. This method of fire protection is practically not used in closed premises of production and storage facilities at the present stage. In most cases, fire partitions are used in such situations. Therefore, a topic issue today is the research of limiting the development of fires with the use of fire partitions and minimizing fire effects.Purpose. Investigate the process of spreading the fire in closed premises of production and storage facilities by using fire partitions to limit the speed of fire spread. Problem statement and solution. The following tasks must be solved to provide fire protection of production and storage facilities:1. to investigate the process of fire spread in closed premises of production and storage facilities without the use of fire partitions;2. to investigate the impact of fire partitions use on fire rate.Two possible modes of development fire in the premises are considered to solve the first problem: 1) with the presence of sufficient air (oxygen), with fire occurred in regulated fire load; 2) with insufficient air (oxygen), with fire occurred in regulated ventilation.It is necessary to choose the material and fire partition design accordingly to solve the second problem. The results of experimental studies [11] showed that fire partitions vermiculite-silicate plates can be used for various building structures manufacturing. Closed production and storage facilities structure analysis showed that these premises are constructed in most cases with a grid of columns 9Х12 m.Conclusions and proposals:1) There is only the first mode of fire with sufficient oxygen (air) in closed premises of production and storage facilities with a total area of more than 5000 m2 in the process of fire. The fire that occurred is regulated only by the fire load.2) The use of fire partitions between sections of the premises of production and storage facilities reduces the probability of fire spreading in the premises by about 3 times.3) It is necessary to continue research work in this direction to obtain more significant results of the process of development and spread of fire in the premises of production and storage facilities.
BROADLEAVED TREE TRUNKS CHARRING DURING FOREST FIRES WITHIN THE UKRAINIAN ROZTOCHYA
Authors: Popovych V. , Hapalo A. , Bashinsky O.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. On the territory of Ukrainian Roztochya and Male Polissya (Zhovkva part of Roztochya included) fires often occur in natural ecosystems – forest fires, meadow vegetation burning, stubble, landfills, and peatlands. Such fires, in addition to the destruction of property, cause significant emissions of incomplete combustion products and smoke into the air. Charring of broadleaved species, along with conifers, needs more detailed research, as the territory of the Ukrainian Roztochya is dominated by hornbeam-oak-pine, mixed oak, and beech forests.Aim. The object of the paper is to investigate the degree of tree trunks charring of the main forest-forming species in the Ukrainian Roztochya during forest fires based on experimental data.Research methods. Freshly cut trees were exposed to heating for 10 minutes, at periods of 1 minute, 3, and 5 minutes, checking the degree of damage to the trunk (charring, mm). Repeatability of the experiment – three times. Basing on received data the charring of broadleaved tree trunks in the Ukrainian Roztocze was determined. The flame temperature was measured by a GM1150A non-contact pyrometer. The level of burnout was measured by a ruler made following GOST 17435-72. A stopwatch was used to record the time of burning. Results and discussion. The experiments were performed in the fresh air under close-to-natural conditions. The fire source was an artificial open flame. Freshly cut tree trunks were installed vertically, right in the burning zone. Cutting residues, fallen dry leaves, straw, dry grass was used as flammable material. It was found that the lowest degree of charring is inherent to oak, which has burned by 38 mm during 10 minutes (with log thickness of 124 mm). Species such as hornbeam and maple completely burned out in 10 minutes (in diameters of 129 mm and 140 mm).Conclusions. Investigations of temperature effects on the main forest-forming species of the region have shown that they all differ in charring during forest fires. Three species grown in Ukrainian Roztochya were selected – hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), oak (Quercus robur), and maple (Acer platanoides). To prevent fires in forests, fire lanes should be planned with oak plantations on the edge of the forest.
PROBLEM ISSUES OF EVACUATION TIME CALCULATION DURING FIRES IN PRESCHOOL AND SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS WITH INCLUSIVE GROUPS
Authors: Khlevnoy O. V. , Kharyshyn D. , Nazarovets O.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In 2015-2020, the number of inclusive groups in preschools and classes in secondary schools of Ukraine increased almost 7 times. For our country, inclusive education is an innovative phenomenon, so its implementation raises many problems. One of the most significant problems is low level of fire safety measures. Сhild death from fires in Ukraine exceeds the European Union numbers by more than 4 times. As children with special needs are more vulnerable during fires, research on fire safety in inclusive groups is an urgent task.The purpose of the article is to identify problematic issues of calculating the time of evacuation in case of fires in educational institutions with inclusive groups based on statistical data, regulatory framework, and modern scientific developments analysis.The current regulations governing the organization of inclusive education in preschool and secondary school have been analyzed. Building codes that set the requirements for inclusive buildings and structures have been analyzed. Standards and methods for calculating the evacuation time from buildings have been also considered. The comparative analysis of the possibilities of the modern application software intended for evacuation time calculation has been carried out. According to the analysis, the main problematic issues have been identified.Conclusion. Currently, some necessary data about children with special needs are not available. That fact doesn't allow calculating with exact accuracy the evacuation time in case of fire in educational institutions with inclusive groups. A comparative analysis of the calculations made with the help of applied computer programs shows that in most of them there is no possibility to take into account the presence of children with special needs on the premises. In some software products, where such a possibility is provided, the movement parameters of children with special needs do not differ from the movement parameters of adults with disabilities. Therefore, determining the values of the horizontal projection area of children with different special needs, as well as the study of their speeds and the influence of their presence on the intensity of the general movements is an urgent technical and scientific task that requires further experimental and theoretical research.
Morphological and biochemical effects of carnosic acid on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells
Authors: Kaplan Askin , Maras Hatice , Dilara Kolsan Merve , Erinç Sitar Mustafa , Gülhan Aktaş Ranan
Published: January 2021

Antecedentes / objetivo : La muerte celular autofágica y la apoptosis de células tumorales se ha convertido en uno de los principales objetivos en el tratamiento del cáncer, mientras que las líneas celulares tumorales se utilizan principalmente en estudios para proporcionar datos importantes para la evaluación de posibles sustancias anticancerígenas. En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los cambios morfológicos y bioquímicos, incluida la tasa de apoptosis y los niveles de alfa fetoproteína (AFP) a diferentes concentraciones de ácido carnósico (CA) en células de carcinoma hepatocelular humano HepG2.

Materiales y métodos : Carcinoma hepatocelular humano (células HepG2 de séptimo pase) .Las líneas celulares se cultivaron en cubreobjetos de vidrio Schott D263M de 11 µM colocados en placas de 12 pocillos y se trataron con DMSO, concentraciones de CA 1, 2,5, 5 y 10 µM durante 24 horas. 48 y 72 horas. Los datos morfológicos y bioquímicos se registraron diariamente, incluidas las tasas de apoptosis demostradas por Caspasa 3, las expresiones de Anexina V bajo luz invertida y microscopía de inmunofluorescencia, luego se analizaron los datos para determinar la significación estadística. Los niveles de AFP, albúmina y proteínas totales se analizaron espectrofotométricamente para evaluación bioquímica.

Resultados : Nuestros resultados mostraron que CA inhibió significativamente la proliferación de células HepG2 de una manera dependiente de la dosis y el tiempo y causó significativamente la formación de vacuolas autofágicas comenzando desde 5 µM y alcanzando significancia a concentraciones de 10 µM. Se observó una disminución significativa en la AFP cuando se examinaron las expresiones de 48 y 72 horas, alcanzando el nivel más bajo a las 72 horas en el grupo de CA 10 µM. Además, el aumento en los niveles de albúmina alcanzó significación solo en el grupo de 48 h, mientras que también se observaron aumentos no significativos en los grupos de 24 hy 72 h.

Conclusión: Nuestro estudio actual demuestra un aumento significativo en las tasas de apoptosis por el ácido carnósico principalmente a concentraciones de 10 µM, lo que respalda su efecto anticancerígeno en las células HepG2. Estos hallazgos también están respaldados por cambios en los análisis bioquímicos de los niveles de albúmina y AFP a concentraciones de 10 µM.
Chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Piedra Herrera Blanca , Acosta Piedra Yanet
Published: January 2021

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) is a common neurosurgical pathology that is recognized as a consequence of minor head injuries that are usually diagnosed in senile patients, although it can occur in young patients without a history of trauma.
The objective of this work is the presentation of a patient with a bilateral CSH, with unusual characteristics.
Clinical case: a 46-year-old female patient with no history of head trauma or other concomitant pathology is presented, who consulted for a 15-day-old headache. Physical examination confirmed mydriasis, Hutchinson’s pupil, bilateral papilledema and exophoria of the right eye, third cranial nerve palsy, and trunk ataxia. She was cataloged with Glasgow 13. Early anti-cerebral edema treatment was performed and the manifestations largely disappeared. A computed tomography scan diagnosed a bilateral fronto temporal subdural hematoma with displacement of the midline structures to the left. She underwent emergency surgery and was discharged completely recovered three days later. Conclusion: HSC can present with different clinical forms, simulating expansive tumor processes, cerebrovascular attacks, dementias or neurological entities of another nature. The case management by clinicians and neurosurgeons was quick and effective, which explains that the patient had an early and complete recovery. In these cases, medical action is decisive in the success of the treatment.
PENGARUH KONTESTASI POLITIK DESA TERHADAP KONFLIK AHMADIYAH DI GEGERUNG-LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Alkawy Mohamad Baihaqi
Published: January 2021

Penyerangan terhadap Jemaat Ahmadiyah di Gegerung-Lombok terjadi pada 2005-2006 dan 2010. Pada tahun itu kontestasi pemilihan kepala desa bakal dilaksanakan. Beberapa bulan menjelang pemilihan kepala desa, salah satu tokoh agama kerap menyampaikan ceramah yang bernada provokatif. Belakangan diketahui bahwa tokoh agama tersebut berafiliasi dengan salah satu kontestan calon kepala desa. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa konflik dan kekerasan terhadap Jemaat Ahmadiyah di Gegerung terjadi secara instrumental yang disebabkan oleh adanya kepentingan politik tokoh agama dan salah satu kandidat dalam pemilihan kepala desa setempat. Sekaligus menunjukkan bahwa konflik dan kekerasan terhadap Jemaat Ahmadiyah tidak hanya disebabkan oleh faktor perbedaan keyakinan antara Jemaat Ahmadiyah dan warga Desa Gegerung-Lombok Barat. Bukan pula terjadi semata karena adanya fatwa MUI dan peraturan diskriminatif bupati Lombok Barat. Keduanya tidak berhubungan secara langsung sebagai pemicu konflik dan kekerasan. Konflik dan kekerasan terhadap Ahmadiyah di Desa Gegerung justru terjadi karena adanya campur tangan politisi dan tokoh agama di yang menjadikan perbedaan sebagai komoditas politik.