bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Urine Biomarkers to Differentiate Bladder Dysfunctions in Women with Sensory Bladder Disorders
Authors: Chen Yu-Chen , Jiang Yuan-Hong , Jhang Jia-Fong , Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: August 2024

Sensory bladder disorders encompass several distinct conditions with overlapping symptoms, which pose diagnostic challenges. This study aimed to evaluate urine biomarkers for differentiating between various sensory bladder disorders, including non-Hunner’s interstitial cystitis (NHIC), detrusor overactivity (DO), hypersensitive bladder (HSB), and urodynamically normal women. A retrospective analysis of 191 women who underwent a videourodynamic study (VUDS) was conducted, with some also receiving cystoscopic hydrodistention to confirm the presence of NHIC. Participants were categorized into four groups: DO (n = 51), HSB (n = 29), NHIC (n = 81), and normal controls (n = 30). The urine levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured. The DO patients exhibited elevated IP-10 levels, while the HSB patients had decreased TAC and 8-OHdG levels. The NHIC patients showed lower IL-2 and higher TNF-α levels. A TNF-α ≥ 1.05 effectively identified NHIC, with an AUROC of 0.889, a sensitivity of 98.8%, and a specificity of 81.3%. An IP-10 ≥ 6.31 differentiated DO with an AUROC of 0.695, a sensitivity of 56.8%, and a specificity of 72.3%. An 8-OHdG ≤ 14.705 and a TAC ≤ 528.7 identified HSB with AUROCs of 0.754 and 0.844, respectively. The combination of 8-OHdG and TAC provided an AUROC of 0.853 for HSB. These findings suggest that TNF-α, IP-10, TAC, 8-OHdG, and IL-2 are promising non-invasive biomarkers for distinguishing between these conditions, which may improve diagnosis and management.
Deciphering DNA Methylation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Epigenetic Regulation and Potential Clinical Applications
Authors: Li Nan , Liu Huan-Yu , Liu Song-Mei
Published: August 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a prevalent complication during pregnancy, exerting both short-term and long-term impacts on maternal and offspring health. This review offers a comprehensive outline of DNA methylation modifications observed in various maternal and offspring tissues affected by GDM, emphasizing the intricate interplay between DNA methylation dynamics, gene expression, and the pathogenesis of GDM. Furthermore, it explores the influence of environmental pollutants, maternal nutritional supplementation, and prenatal gut microbiota on GDM development through alterations in DNA methylation profiles. Additionally, this review summarizes recent advancements in DNA methylation-based diagnostics and predictive models in early GDM detection and risk assessment for subsequent type 2 diabetes. These insights contribute significantly to our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying GDM development, thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes and advocating further efforts in this field.
Highly Specific Polyphenolic Colloids as Alternatives to Antimicrobials in Livestock Production
Authors: Laconi Andrea , Cecconello Alessandro , Molinari Simone , Rilievo Graziano , Cencini Aura , Tonolo Federica , Krystofova Antonie , Majethia Hardik Nilesh , Tolosi Roberta , Schiavon Eliana , Nicoletto Carlo , Piccirillo Alessandra , Vianello Fabio , Magro Massimiliano
Published: August 2024

The dispersion of antibiotics in livestock farming represents a health concern worldwide, contributing to the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through animals, the environment, and humans. Phenolic compounds could be alternatives to antibiotics, once drawbacks such as their low water solubility, bioavailability, and reduced stability are overcome. Although nano- or micro-sized formulations could counter these shortcomings, they do not represent cost-effective options. In this study, three phenolic compounds, obtained from wood-processing manufacturers, were characterized, revealing suitable features such as their antioxidant activity, size, and chemical and colloidal stability for in-field applications. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these colloidal suspensions was measured against six bacterial strains isolated from livestock. These particles showed different inhibition behaviors: Colloidal chestnut was effective against one of the most threatening antibiotic-resistant pathogens, i.e., S. aureus, but ineffective toward E. coli. Instead, colloidal pine showed a weak effect on S. aureus but specificity toward E. coli. The present proof-of-concept points at colloidal polyphenols as valuable alternatives for antimicrobial substitutes in the livestock context.
The Crosstalk Analysis between mPSCs and Panc1 Cells Identifies CCN1 as a Positive Regulator of Gemcitabine Sensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Gündel Beate , Liu Xinyuan , Pfützenreuter Anna , Engelsberger Veronika , Weiskirchen Ralf , Löhr J.-Matthias , Heuchel Rainer
Published: August 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease that is almost entirely resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A significant factor in this resistance appears to be the dense desmoplastic stroma, which contains various cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) populations. However, our understanding of the communication between tumor cells and CAFs that contributes to this aggressive malignancy is still developing. Recently, we used an advanced three-dimensional heterospecies, heterospheroid co-culture model to investigate the signaling between human pancreatic tumor Panc1 cells and mouse pancreatic stellate cells (mPSCs) through global expression profiling. Upon discovering that CCN1 was significantly upregulated in Panc1 cells during co-culture, we decided to explore the role of CCN1 using CRISPR-Cas9 knockout technology. Panc1 cells lacking CCN1 showed reduced differentiation and decreased sensitivity to gemcitabine, primarily due to lower expression of genes involved in gemcitabine transport and metabolism. Additionally, we observed that stimulation with TGF-β1 and lysophosphatidic acid increased CCN1 expression in Panc1 cells and induced a shift in mPSCs towards a more myofibroblastic CAF-like phenotype.
Integrating Genomics and Transcriptomics to Identify Candidate Genes for Egg Production in Taihe Black-Bone Silky Fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson)
Authors: Tan Yuting , Huang Xuan , Xu Chunhui , Huang Yunyan , Li Shibao , Yin Zhaozheng
Published: August 2024

The Taihe Black-Bone Silky Fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson) possesses significant value in terms of consumption, medicinal applications, and ornamental appeal, representing a precious genetic resource and traditional Chinese medicinal material. However, considerable variation exists within populations regarding egg-laying performance. This study integrates a whole-genome selection signal analysis (SSA) with a transcriptome analysis to identify genes associated with egg-laying traits in Taihe Black-Bone Silky Fowls. We identified 31 candidate genes under selection from the high-yield chicken (HC) and low-yield chicken (LC) groups. Additionally, through RNA-seq analysis, 257 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from four comparative groups. Two overlapping genes—LPL and SETBP1—were found in both the selected gene and DEG lists. These selected genes and DEGs were enriched in pathways related to ovarian development, including the lysosome pathway, the ECM–receptor interaction pathway, the TGF-beta signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, the PPAR signaling pathway, and the glycerolipid metabolism pathway. These research findings contribute to the breeding of Taihe Black-Bone Silky Fowls with high egg production traits and provide a theoretical foundation for exploring the regulatory mechanisms of avian reproduction.
Rli51 Attenuates Transcription of the Listeria Pathogenicity Island 1 Gene mpl and Functions as a Trans-Acting sRNA in Intracellular Bacteria
Authors: Morón Álvaro , Ortiz-Miravalles Laura , Peñalver Marcos , García-del Portillo Francisco , Pucciarelli M. Graciela , Ortega Alvaro Darío
Published: August 2024

Listeria pathogenicity island 1 (LIPI-1) is a genetic region containing a cluster of genes essential for virulence of the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Main virulence factors in LIPI-1 include long 5′ untranslated regions (5′UTRs), among which is Rli51, a small RNA (sRNA) in the 5′UTR of the Zn-metalloprotease-coding mpl. So far, Rli51 function and molecular mechanisms have remained obscure. Here, we show that Rli51 exhibits a dual mechanism of regulation, functioning as a cis- and as a trans-acting sRNA. Under nutrient-rich conditions, rli51-mpl transcription is prematurely terminated, releasing a short 121-nucleotide-long sRNA. Rli51 is predicted to function as a transcription attenuator that can fold into either a terminator or a thermodynamically more stable antiterminator. We show that the sRNA Rli21/RliI binds to a single-stranded RNA loop in Rli51, which is essential to mediate premature transcription termination, suggesting that sRNA binding could stabilize the terminator fold. During intracellular infection, rli51 transcription is increased, which generates a higher abundance of the short Rli51 sRNA and allows for transcriptional read-through into mpl. Comparative intracellular bacterial transcriptomics in rli51-null mutants and the wild-type reference strain EGD-e suggests that Rli51 upregulates iron-scavenging proteins and downregulates virulence factors from LIPI-1. MS2 affinity purification confirmed that Rli51 binds transcripts of the heme-binding protein Lmo2186 and Lmo0937 in vivo. These results prove that Rli51 functions as a trans-acting sRNA in intracellular bacteria. Our research shows a growth condition-dependent mechanism of regulation for Rli51, preventing unintended mpl transcription in extracellular bacteria and regulating genes important for virulence in intracellular bacteria.
Regulating Leaf Photosynthesis and Soil Microorganisms through Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Can Effectively Alleviate the Stress of Elevated Ambient Ozone on Winter Wheat
Authors: Zhu Nanyan , Qian Yinsen , Song Lingqi , Yu Qiaoqiao , Sheng Haijun , Li Ying , Zhu Xinkai
Published: August 2024

The mitigation mechanisms of a kind of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (sulfur-coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, SCNF) in response to O3 stress on a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety (Nongmai-88) were studied in crop physiology and soil biology through the ozone-free-air controlled enrichment (O3-FACE) simulation platform and soil microbial metagenomics. The results showed that SCNF could not delay the O3-induced leaf senescence of winter wheat but could enhance the leaf size and photosynthetic function of flag leaves, increase the accumulation of nutrient elements, and lay the foundation for yield by regulating the release rate of nitrogen (N). By regulating the soil environment, SCNF could maintain the diversity and stability of soil bacterial and archaeal communities, but there was no obvious interaction with the soil fungal community. By alleviating the inhibition effects of O3 on N-cycling-related genes (ko00910) of soil microorganisms, SCNF improved the activities of related enzymes and might have great potential in improving soil N retention. The results demonstrated the ability of SCNF to improve leaf photosynthetic function and increase crop yield under O3-polluted conditions in the farmland ecosystem, which may become an effective nitrogen fertilizer management measure to cope with the elevated ambient O3 and achieve sustainable production.
Potentilla tormentilla Extract Loaded Gel: Formulation, In Vivo and In Silico Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Authors: Bradic Jovana , Petrovic Anica , Nikolic Milos , Nedeljkovic Nikola , Andjic Marijana , Baljak Jovan , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Kocovic Aleksandar , Tadic Vanja , Stojanovic Aleksandra , Simanic Igor
Published: August 2024

The objective of the study was to develop a novel topical gel by mixing Potentilla tormentilla ethanolic extract, thermosensitive poloxamer 407, and carbomer 940 and evaluating its stability and rheological behavior. The irritation potential of the gel was evaluated in accordance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guidelines 404. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of the developed gel were evaluated in vivo in rats using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. Moreover, the in silico binding affinity for chlorogenic and ellagic acid, as dominant components in the extract, against cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 was also determined. Our findings suggest that the gel containing Potentilla tormentilla extract remained stable throughout the observation period, exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, and caused no irritation in rats, thus being considered safe for topical treatment. Additionally, the developed gel showed the capability to reduce rat paw edema, which highlights significant anti-inflammatory potential. In silico analysis revealed that chlorogenic and ellagic acid exhibited a reduced binding affinity against COX-1 but had a similar inhibitory effect on COX-2 as flurbiprofen, which was confirmed by molecular dynamics results. The study proposes the possible application of Potentilla tormentilla ethanolic extract gel for the alleviation of localized inflammatory diseases; however, future clinical evaluation is required.
Drug Repurposing Approach to Identify Candidate Drug Molecules for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Baser Tugce , Rifaioglu Ahmet Sureyya , Atalay Mehmet Volkan , Atalay Rengul Cetin
Published: August 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer, with a high mortality rate due to the limited therapeutic options. Systemic drug treatments improve the patient’s life expectancy by only a few months. Furthermore, the development of novel small molecule chemotherapeutics is time-consuming and costly. Drug repurposing has been a successful strategy for identifying and utilizing new therapeutic options for diseases with limited treatment options. This study aims to identify candidate drug molecules for HCC treatment through repurposing existing compounds, leveraging the machine learning tool MDeePred. The Open Targets Platform, UniProt, ChEMBL, and Expasy databases were used to create a dataset for drug target interaction (DTI) predictions by MDeePred. Enrichment analyses of DTIs were conducted, leading to the selection of 6 out of 380 DTIs identified by MDeePred for further analyses. The physicochemical properties, lipophilicity, water solubility, drug-likeness, and medicinal chemistry properties of the candidate compounds and approved drugs for advanced stage HCC (lenvatinib, regorafenib, and sorafenib) were analyzed in detail. Drug candidates exhibited drug-like properties and demonstrated significant target docking properties. Our findings indicated the binding efficacy of the selected drug compounds to their designated targets associated with HCC. In conclusion, we identified small molecules that can be further exploited experimentally in HCC therapeutics. Our study also demonstrated the use of the MDeePred deep learning tool in in silico drug repurposing efforts for cancer therapeutics.
The Impact of High-Dose Fish Oil Supplementation on Mfsd2a, Aqp4, and Amyloid-β Expression in Retinal Blood Vessels of 5xFAD Alzheimer’s Mouse Model
Authors: Jovanovic Macura Irena , Milanovic Desanka , Tesic Vesna , Major Tamara , Perovic Milka , Adzic Miroslav , Ivkovic Sanja
Published: August 2024

In patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and in animal models, the increased accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) in retinal blood vessels strongly correlates with brain amyloid deposits and cognitive decline. The accumulation of Aβ in blood vessels may result from impaired transcytosis and a dysfunctional ocular glymphatic system in AD. High-dose fish oil (FO) supplementation has been shown to significantly change the expression of major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2a (Mfsd2a), a key regulator of transcytosis, and Aquaporin 4 (Aqp4), an essential component of the glymphatic system in the retinas of WT mice. We examined the expression of Mfsd2a and Aqp4 in the retinas of 4-month-old 5xFAD female mice supplemented with high-dose FO for three weeks. There was a significant increase in Mfsd2a expression in 5xFAD retinas supplemented with FO compared to control 5xFAD mice. Additionally, the increase in Aqp4 expression observed in 4-month-old 5xFAD retinas, indicative of an impaired glymphatic system, was significantly decreased. Simultaneously, Aβ accumulation in 5xFAD retinal blood vessels was reduced following FO supplementation. These findings suggest that high-dose FO supplementation could serve as an adjunct in developing new treatments aimed at improving the regulation of transcytosis or the function of the glymphatic system in the AD retina.
Opioid and Cannabinoid Systems in Pain: Emerging Molecular Mechanisms and Use in Clinical Practice, Health, and Fitness
Authors: Secondulfo Carmine , Mazzeo Filomena , Pastorino Grazia Maria Giovanna , Vicidomini Antonella , Meccariello Rosaria , Operto Francesca Felicia
Published: August 2024

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. Adequate pain control is often challenging, particularly in patients with chronic pain. Despite advances in pain management, drug addiction, overtreatment, or substance use disorders are not rare. Hence the need for further studies in the field. The substantial progress made over the last decade has revealed genes, signalling pathways, molecules, and neuronal networks in pain control thus opening new clinical perspectives in pain management. In this respect, data on the epigenetic modulation of opioid and cannabinoid receptors, key actors in the modulation of pain, offered new perspectives to preserve the activity of opioid and endocannabinoid systems to increase the analgesic efficacy of opioid- and cannabinoid-based drugs. Similarly, upcoming data on cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid in the marijuana plant Cannabis sativa, suggests analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsivant and ansiolitic effects and supports its potential application in clinical contexts such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases but also in health and fitness with potential use in athletes. Hence, in this review article, we summarize the emerging epigenetic modifications of opioid and cannabinoid receptors and focus on CBD as an emerging non-psychoactive cannabinoid in pain management in clinical practice, health, and fitness.
The Role of Selected Elements in Oxidative Stress Protection: Key to Healthy Fertility and Reproduction
Authors: Wróblewski Marcin , Wróblewska Weronika , Sobiesiak Marta
Published: August 2024

Oxidative stress and its relationship to fertility and reproduction is a topic of interest in medicine, especially in the context of the effects of trace elements and micronutrients. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an excess of free radicals in the body, which can lead to cell and tissue damage. Free radicals are reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be formed as a result of normal metabolic processes, as well as under the influence of external factors such as environmental pollution, UV radiation, and diet. Oxidative stress has a significant impact on fertility. In men, it can lead to DNA damage in sperm, which can result in reduced semen quality, reduced sperm motility and increased numbers of defective sperm, and free radical damage to sperm cell membranes causing a reduction in the number of available sperm. In women, oxidative stress can affect the quality of female reproductive cells, which can lead to problems with their maturation and with embryo implantation in the uterus and can also affect ovarian function and disrupt hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle. A proper balance of trace elements and micronutrients is key to protecting against oxidative stress and maintaining reproductive health. Supplementation with appropriate elements such as zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, chromium, and iron can help reduce oxidative stress and improve fertility. This work discusses the effects of selected elements on oxidative stress parameters specifically in terms of fertility and reproduction.
Effect of Nanostructured Shungite on the Rheological Properties of Bitumen
Authors: Zhambolova Ainur , Kenzhegaliyeva Aliya , Ongarbayev Yerdos
Published: August 2024

Improving the physico-mechanical characteristics of bitumen is a constant and pressing problem in road construction. The issue is solved by modifying bitumen with various additives, one of which is a nanostructured modifier. This paper examines the effect of adding a natural mineral, shungite, to bitumen from the Koksu deposit (Kazakhstan) after grinding under different conditions. The mechanochemical activation of shungite made it possible to obtain samples with an average particle diameter of up to 3 μm. Using scanning electron microscopy, nanostructured particles with sizes of up to 100 nm were discovered in their structure. The effect of nanostructured shungite on the rheological characteristics of bitumen—elasticity and loss moduli, and loss tangent at high and low temperatures—was studied. The transition temperatures of bitumen from the viscoelastic to the liquid state were established, and their shift to the region of elevated temperatures when modified with ground shungite are shown. The presence of organic and inorganic components in the composition of shungite—carbon, silica, and metal oxides—has a beneficial effect on the rheological properties of bitumen by forming bonds with resinous asphaltene components of bitumen. The use of bitumen modified with nanostructured shungite makes it possible to replace the polymer modifier with a natural mineral to improve the quality of the road surface.
The Influence of Carbon Nanotube Functionalization on Water Contaminated by Diesel and Benzoic Acid: A Comparison of Two Case Studies
Authors: De Luca Pierantonio , Macario Anastasia , Madeo Luigi , B.Nagy Jànos
Published: August 2024

This article simply aims to compare two case studies concerning the purification, using carbon nanotubes, of water contaminated by the following two different common pollutants: benzoic acid and diesel. In particular, the aim is to highlight how the different natures of both of the polluting molecules and the carbon nanotubes play a fundamental role in water treatment. These two pollutants were taken into consideration because of their different chemical natures: benzoic acid is a polar pollutant, while the molecules present in diesel are substantially nonpolar. The carbon nanotubes used were both functionalized and nonfunctionalized. Functionalization is a process that allows for the introduction of functional groups onto the surface of carbon nanotubes. In this research, carboxylic functionalization was performed, which allowed for the insertion of carboxylic groups through attacks with sulfuric and nitric acids. Thanks to the results obtained, it was possible to quantify the optimization of the purification process depending on the types of carbon nanotubes and polluting molecules considered. The functionalized nanotubes exhibited greater performances in the treatment of water contaminated by benzoic acid compared to the nonfunctionalized ones. Instead, in the treatment of water contaminated by diesel, a greater purification capacity was shown by the nonfunctionalized carbon nanotubes compared to the functionalized ones.
Evolutionary Relationships of Omani Macrotermes subhyalinus, Macrotermitinae
Authors: AlShamakhi Hilal S. , Al-Sadi Abdullah M. , Cook Lyn G.
Published: August 2024

A study was conducted to investigate the evolutionary relationships of Macrotermes subhyalinus from Oman, in the southeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. Sequences of the mitochondrial COI and the nuclear large-subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA, 28S) genes were used to investigate the populations of M. subhyalinus across their distribution in Oman to determine their relationships with other Macrotermes species. Our findings indicate that M. subhyalinus in Oman is a member of an East African clade, distinct from those in West Africa. Analyses of the COI showed that there is base composition bias among the taxa (non-stationarity) that has not been considered in earlier studies. We provide the first report of pseudogene copies of 28S in M. subhyalinus that are differentially amplified.
Anisotropic k-ϵ Model Based on General Principles of Statistical Turbulence
Authors: Brouwers J. J. H.
Published: August 2024

An upgrade is presented of a recently published model for the calculation of statistical averages of turbulent flow variables. Instead of empirical constructions, important parts of the model are based on general principles of statistical turbulence and physics. The upgrade concerns transparent and simplified descriptions of turbulent diffusion and Reynolds stresses which express their dependency of mean flow gradients in a direct manner. As before, prediction comparisons are satisfactory in relation to the results of DNS of channel flow. Implementation in a CFD code is straightforward and its application provides a significant improvement to the results of the widely used empirical basic k-ϵ model.
Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Adults Aged 40 to 79 Years with Diagnosed Hypertension, High Cholesterol, and/or Diabetes but Not on Medications: Findings from Nationwide Cross-Sectional Studies
Authors: Wang Shuting , Qu Yanji , Zhang Jiayue , Xue Xue , Yang Zuyao
Published: August 2024

Many people with diagnosed hypertension, high cholesterol, and/or diabetes are not receiving drug treatment, partly because they perceive their cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as low. This study aimed to quantify the risk for future CVD events, either first or recurrent, in people with diagnosed hypertension, high cholesterol, and/or diabetes but not on medications for any of these conditions. Participants aged 40–79 years who had been diagnosed with hypertension, high cholesterol, and/or diabetes but were not on medications were identified from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys cycles 1999 to 2018. Among them, those with known CVD and those without known CVD but with complete data for estimating their 10-year CVD risk were included in this study. The participants were classified as (1) “high-risk” if they had known CVD or a 10-year predicted CVD risk ≥ 7.5% or (2) “low-risk” if they had a 10-year predicted CVD risk < 7.5%. Of the 5187 participants included, 2201 had known major CVD (n = 490, 9.45%) or a 10-year predicted CVD risk ≥ 7.5% (n = 1711, 32.99%), corresponding to a weighted proportion of 34.83% (95% CI: 33.15 to 36.51%) in the US general population. The proportions of high-risk participants were much higher in the elderly (65.50% for 60–69 years and 97.86% for 70–79 years), males (45.13%), and non-Hispanic Blacks (42.15%) than in others (all p < 0.001). These patterns were consistent across survey cycles during 1999–2018. Additional analyses that classified the participants into groups above or below the treatment threshold (rather than high- or low-risk groups) according to current guidelines yielded similar results. A comparison of the 2201 untreated high-risk participants with other participants who had been diagnosed with hypertension, high cholesterol, and/or diabetes and were on medications for these conditions showed that “lower BMI”, “smaller waist circumference”, and a “non-diabetic” status, among others, were associated with a higher likelihood of “not taking medications”. In conclusion, approximately one-third of the US adults aged 40 to 79 years with diagnosed hypertension, high cholesterol, and/or diabetes but not on medications had known CVD or a 10-year predicted CVD risk ≥ 7.5%, and this proportion was little changed over the past two decades. Interventions targeted at the subgroups with particular characteristics identified in this study may help improve the management of CVD and its risk factors.
The Latest Data Concerning the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Ionescu Vlad Alexandru , Gheorghe Gina , Georgescu Teodor Florin , Bacalbasa Nicolae , Gheorghe Florentina , Diaconu Camelia Cristina
Published: August 2024

Globally, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is present in approximately 10% of the population. While this condition does not pose a risk of complications, it has a substantial impact on the patient’s quality of life. Moreover, this disease has a significant financial impact on healthcare systems. This includes the direct costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, as well as the indirect costs that arise from work absenteeism and reduced productivity. In light of these data, recent research has focused on elucidating the pathophysiological basis of this condition in order to improve the quality of life for affected individuals. Despite extensive research to date, we still do not fully understand the precise mechanisms underlying IBS. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of the gut–brain axis, visceral hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal dysmotility, gut microbiota dysbiosis, food allergies and intolerances, low-grade mucosal inflammation, genetic factors, and psychosocial factors. The acquisition of new data is crucial for the advancement of optimal therapeutic approaches aimed at enhancing the general health of these patients while simultaneously reducing the financial burden associated with this ailment.
Comparative Analysis of Refractive Outcomes Following Cataract Surgery Using IOL Master 500 and IOL Master 700 Biometry Devices: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Arens Sebastian , Böhringer Daniel , Lapp Thabo , Reinhard Thomas , Heinzelmann-Mink Sonja
Published: August 2024

Background: This study aims to compare the refractive outcomes of cataract surgery using two different biometry devices, the IOL Master 500 and IOL Master 700, and to investigate the influence of patient-related factors on these outcomes. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 2994 eyes that underwent cataract surgery. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the impact of the biometry device (IOL Master 500 or IOL Master 700), patient age, time elapsed between biometry and surgery, gender, and insurance status, as well as biometric parameters (anterior chamber depth, axial length, and corneal curvature), on postoperative refractive outcomes, specifically the deviation from target refraction. Results: The choice of the IOL Master device did not result in a statistically significant difference between the two devices (p = 0.205). Age (p = 0.006) and gender (p = 0.001) were identified as significant predictors of refractive outcomes, with older patients and males experiencing slightly more hyperopic outcomes compared to younger patients and females, respectively. The time elapsed between biometry and surgery and insurance status did not significantly influence the refractive outcomes. Conclusions: Our study, supported by a large cohort and a diverse group of patients representing typical anatomical variants seen in cataract surgery, supports the thesis that the IOL Master 500 and IOL Master 700 can be regarded as equivalent and effective for biometry in cataract surgery. The differences between the devices were negligible. Therefore, switching between the devices is safe for bilateral patients.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Feasibility and Practicability of an Oatmeal Intervention in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study in the Outpatient Sector
Authors: Fiedler Michél , Müller Nicolle , Kloos Christof , Kramer Guido , Kellner Christiane , Schmidt Sebastian , Wolf Gunter , Kuniß Nadine
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and practicability of repeated three-day sequences of a hypocaloric oat-based nutrition intervention (OI) in insulin-treated outpatients with type 2 diabetes and severe insulin resistance. Methods: A randomized, two-armed pilot study was conducted with three months of intervention and three months follow-up with 17 participants with insulin resistance (≥1 IU/kg body weight). Group A (n = 10) performed one sequence of OI; Group B (n = 7) performed two sequences monthly. A sequence was 3 consecutive days of oat consumption with approximately 800 kcal/d. The main objective was to assess feasibility (≥70% completers) and practicability regarding performance aspects. Biomedical parameters such as HbA1 c were observed. To evaluate the state of health, a standardized questionnaire was used (EQ-5 D). Results: OI was feasible (13/17 completer participants (76.5%): 70.0% Group A, 85.7% Group B). Individually perceived practicability was reported as good by 10/16 participants (62.5%). Total insulin dosage decreased from 138 ± 35 IU at baseline to 126 ± 42 IU after OI (p = 0.04) and 127 ± 42 IU after follow-up (p = 0.05). HbA1 c was lower after OI (−0.3 ± 0.1%; p = 0.01) in all participants. Participants in Group B tended to have greater reductions in insulin (Δ−19 IU vs. Δ−4 IU; p = 0.42) and weight loss (Δ−2.8 kg vs. Δ−0.2 kg; p = 0.65) after follow-up. Severe hypoglycemia was not observed. EQ-5 D increase not significantly after follow-up (57.2 ± 24.0% vs. 64.7 ± 21.5%; p = 0.21). Conclusions: The feasibility and practicability of OI in outpatients were demonstrated. OI frequency appears to correlate with insulin reduction and weight loss. Proper insulin dose adaptation during OI is necessary. Presumably, repeated OIs are required for substantial beneficial metabolic effects.
Propensity Score Matching Analysis of Differential Outcomes in Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate vs. Robotic-Assisted Simple Prostatectomy
Authors: Khanmammadova Narmina , Jiang James F. , Gomez Ralph Kevin Medina , Gao Ashley , Chu Timothy Young , Shahait Mohammed , Myklak Kristene , Lee David I. , Das Akhil K.
Published: August 2024

Background & Objectives: Patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to massive prostate enlargement have several surgical treatment options, such as robot-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Postoperative outcomes may differ between those undergoing RASP and HoLEP. RASP has been associated with a lower incidence of transient stress urinary incontinence (SUI), while HoLEP allows for shorter catheterization times. Here, we report on our experience with both surgical modalities. Methods: Data were collected from prospectively maintained databases for 37 RASP patients and 181 HoLEP patients treated from July 2021 to November 2023. To control for selection bias, propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized based on age and prostate size. We compared patients’ preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative outcomes both before and after applying PSM. Results: Before the PSM, the median prostate size was significantly lower in the HoLEP group (p < 0.001). The HoLEP group also had significantly shorter operative times (p ≤ 0.001) and lower weights of resected adenoma (p ≤ 0.001). After the PSM of 31 RASP and 31 HoLEP patients, all baseline patient characteristics were comparable. No significant differences were observed in operation time (p = 0.140) or in the weight of resected adenoma (p = 0.394) between the modalities. The median (IQR) length of catheterization was significantly shorter in the HoLEP group (1 [1–4] days) compared to the RASP group (7 [7–8] days), in both pre- and post-matching analyses (p ≤ 0.001 for both), reflecting the standard of practice. In contrast, in both pre- and post-PSM analyses, the average hospital stay was significantly shorter in the RASP cohort, as same-day discharge is standard in our center, whereas the HoLEP cohort required overnight stays due to routine continuous bladder irrigation before discharge (p < 0.001 for all). Notably, the SUI rates and American Urological Association (AUA) symptom scores were comparable at 3 months within both matched and unmatched cohorts (pre-PSM: p = 0.668, p = 0.083; post-PSM: p = 1, p = 0.152, respectively). Conclusions: Our comparative analysis indicates that both RASP and HoLEP yield similar outcomes, including SUI rates, at 3 months. While HoLEP provided shorter durations of postoperative catheterization, RASP offered shorter hospital stays.
Two Cases of Symptomatic Tailgut Cysts
Authors: Wojciechowski Jan , Skołozdrzy Tomasz , Wojtasik Piotr , Romanowski Maciej
Published: August 2024

Tailgut cysts are rare lesions which are found in the rectorectal space. They develop in the final section of the intestine from which the rectum and anus extend and vary from being asymptomatic to symptomatic due to pressure on organs or nerves. Tailgut cysts are more common in females, usually between 30 and 60 years of age. They are thought to be benign, with variable malignancy risks. Surgical excision followed by histological examination is the gold standard of treatment, but access and approach to tailgut cysts depend on the location and morphology of the lesion. We present two symptomatic cases of this very rare pathology. In both cases, the cyst and coccyx bone were successfully excised using different approaches. The first patient was a 40-year-old woman with a large cyst which caused morning tenesmus, urinary outflow disorders and painful ovulation. Due to the cyst size, laparotomy was performed, and a combined approach was used. The second patient is a 36-year-old woman with co-existing endometriosis and a cyst causing pain in the sacral spine, constipation and tenesmus. The tumor was excised using a Kraske approach, and due to the infiltration of the coccyx bone it was removed using an osteotome. In this patient, perforation of the cyst was also observed. Both patients completed follow-ups involving regular surgical check-ups and MRI scans. Descriptions of different symptoms and surgical approaches make our study an important source of knowledge for diagnosing and treating these very rare tumors.
Dihydromyricetin Nanoparticles Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Decreasing Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis via the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Yin Hongmei , Yan Qiaohua , Li Yinglun , Tang Huaqiao
Published: August 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most severe and fatal complication of sepsis resulting from infectious trauma. Currently, effective treatment options are still lacking. Dihydromyricetin is the main component extracted from Vine tea (Ampelopsis megalophylla Diels et Gilg). In our previous research, chitosan–tripolyphosphate-encapsulated nanoparticles of dihydromyricetin (CS-DMY-NPs) have been proven to have potential protective effects against cisplatin-induced AKI. Here, we investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of DMY and its nano-formulations against LPS-induced AKI by assessing pathological and inflammatory changes in mice. In mice with LPS-AKI treated with 300 mg/kg CS-DMY-NPs, the levels of creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and KIM-1 were significantly reduced by 56%, 49%, and 88%, respectively. CS-DMY-NPs can upregulate the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT by 47%, 7%, and 14%, respectively, to inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, CS-DMY-NPs decreased the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 by 31%, 49%, and 35%, respectively, to alleviate the inflammatory response. TUNEL and immunohistochemistry showed that CS-DMY-NPs reduced the number of apoptotic cells, increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio by 30%, and attenuated renal cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis of renal tissue indicated that CS-DMY-NPs inhibited TLR4 expression and downregulated the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα. In summary, DMY prevented LPS-induced AKI by increasing antioxidant capacity, reducing inflammatory responses, and blocking apoptosis, and DMY nanoparticles were shown to have a better protective effect for future applications.
Determinants of Engagement in Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Club Sports among University Students: A Large-Scale Study
Authors: Motevalli Mohamad , Drenowatz Clemens , Tanous Derrick R. , Wirnitzer Gerold , Kirschner Werner , Ruedl Gerhard , Wirnitzer Katharina C.
Published: August 2024

Various socio-demographic, environmental, and lifestyle-related factors have been reported to be associated with physical activity (PA) habits. However, there exist insufficient data comparing different forms of engagement in PA, sports, and exercise. This study aimed to investigate potential factors associated with the engagement in leisure-time PA (LPA) and club sports (CSs) in a large sample of college/university students. This Austria-wide study followed a cross-sectional design with a final sample of 4508 participants (mean age: 24.9 years; 65.9% female) from 52 Austrian colleges/universities. A standardized survey was used to collect data on demographics, anthropometric characteristics, and a wide range of health-related lifestyle factors, including patterns of PA and underlying motivations for PA engagement as well as details of dietary habits, sleep routines, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared, logistic regression, and MANCOVA were used for data analysis. Across the entire sample, 85.7% of participants reported regular participation in LPA, including 22.5% who were active members of sports clubs. Of the 36 potential motives listed in the questionnaire, “maintaining physical health”, “feeling good”, and “refreshing the mind” were the most commonly reported factors motivating students to engage in either LPA or CSs. Ten socio-demographic, dietary, or lifestyle factors were identified as predictors of CSs participation (p < 0.01), whereas only two variables (specifically sleep-related factors) were identified as predictors of LPA participation (p < 0.001). These findings emphasize the importance of considering the type of PA and sport participation and the associated determinants when designing tailored strategies to promote an active lifestyle.
Perceived Factors That Contributed to Task Termination during Fatiguing Tasks Anchored to Perceptual Intensities
Authors: Ortega Dolores G. , Smith Robert W. , Arnett Jocelyn E. , Neltner Tyler J. , Roberts Trevor D. , Schmidt Richard J. , Housh Terry J.
Published: August 2024

This study examined the effects of sustained, isometric forearm flexion tasks anchored to ratings of perceived exertion of 2 (RPE2FT) and 8 (RPE8FT) on the patterns of fatigue-induced changes in torque and neuromuscular responses, time to task failure (TTF), performance fatigability (% decline in maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]), and perceived factors that contributed to task termination. Twelve men (mean ± SD: age = 20.9 ± 2.2 yrs) performed MVICs before and after the tasks and completed post-test questionnaires (PTQ). Data were analyzed using polynomial regression analyses, dependent t-tests, Spearman’s rank order correlations, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. The RPE8FT had greater (p < 0.001) performance fatigability than the RPE2FT, despite no difference (p > 0.05) in TTF. During both tasks, there were significant (p ≤ 0.05) composite linear decreases for torque, electromyographic amplitude, and neuromuscular efficiency, and substantial individual variability in the neuromuscular responses. There were no significant (p > 0.05) associations among the perceived factors and TTF or performance fatigability. Thus, there were RPE-specific differences in performance fatigability, but not TTF or the composite patterns of changes in torque and neuromuscular responses. In addition, in most cases, the individual neuromuscular, but not torque, patterns of responses were RPE-specific. Furthermore, the perceived factors assessed by the PTQ were not related to TTF or performance fatigability.
Coupling Relationship between Basin Evolution and Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Northern Central Myanmar Basin: Insights from Basin and Petroleum System Modeling
Authors: Zhou Zengyuan , Peng Wenxu , Sun Hefeng , Feng Kailong , Zhu Weilin
Published: August 2024

The Myanmar region experienced the subduction of the Indian Ocean plate to the West Burma block and suffered from the land–land collision between the Indian continent and the West Burma block that occurred from the Late Cretaceous to the Cenozoic. Its tectonic evolution has been complex; thus, oil and gas exploration is difficult, and the overall degree of research has been low. Recent exploration has been hindered by a lack of knowledge on the evolution of the petroleum system. To address this, we conducted hydrocarbon generation and accumulation modeling using both the 2D MOVE and Petro-Mod software 2017 for a complex tectonic section in the Northern Central Myanmar Basin. The results show that the maturity threshold depth of the Cretaceous source rocks in the study area is shallow, and the underground depth of 1200 m to 1400 m has reached the hydrocarbon generation threshold, indicating the start of hydrocarbon generation. Since 48 Ma, the Ro of the source rocks has reached 0.7%, became mature quite early. The Late Cretaceous Paleocene and Eocene formation, located in the southeastern part of the study area, migrated and accumulated hydrocarbons towards the western arc zone in the Eocene and Miocene, respectively. It is worth noting that although the oil and gas potential of each layer in the island arc uplift zone is relatively low, which is conducive to the migration and accumulation of oil and gas generated by the source rocks of the depression towards the island arc zone, shallow areas with developed extensional faults should be avoided. This study is the first to conduct a preliminary assessment and prediction of oil and gas resources, which will provide exploration guidance and reference for the study area and its surrounding areas in the future.
Secondary Metabolites of Fomitopsis betulina: Chemical Structures, Biological Activity and Application Prospects
Authors: Li Jianghao , Li Ziheng , Duan Yingce , Liu Chengwei , Yan Meixia
Published: August 2024

Fomitopsis betulina, as a macrofungus with both medicinal and dietary applications, is renowned for its rich content of bioactive substances. The recent advancements in research have significantly enhanced our understanding of its polysaccharides, cellulose-degrading enzymes, and wide range of secondary metabolites. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the artificial cultivation techniques and the chemical profiling of over 100 secondary metabolites identified in F. betulina, including terpenoids, phenols, and various other classes. These compounds exhibit notable pharmacological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-malarial effects. Moreover, this review delves into the genomic analysis of F. betulina, focusing on the prediction and classification of terpene synthases, which play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds. This insight is instrumental for potentially facilitating future biochemical studies and pharmaceutical applications. Through this review, we aim to solidify the foundation for future in-depth studies and the development of new drugs derived from this promising natural resource.