bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catálogo comentado de la colección herpetológica procedente de Marruecos del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Madrid, España), con énfasis en el material colectado durante expediciones históricas
Authors: Sánchez-Vialas Alberto , Calvo-Revuelta Marta
Published: July 2018

Se presenta el catálogo de los anfibios y reptiles de Marruecos conservados en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (MNCN-CSIC) y se destaca la especial relevancia de las contribuciones realizadas por dos expediciones históricas para el conocimiento herpetológico de la región. Ambas expediciones sumaron un total de 31 especies colectadas principalmente en las regiones de Essaouira, Tánger y Ketama. Se constata la presencia en la colección de los ejemplares que representaron las primeras citas de Cerastes vipera y Scincus albifasciatus en Marruecos. Asimismo, alberga las series tipo de Rana ridibunda riodeoroi, Psammodromus algirus ketamensis y Salamandra algira tingitana. Los especímenes colectados en tiempos históricos conservados en colecciones científicas ofrecen una valiosa información para identificar cambios sufridos por las comunidades biológicas y diseñar medidas de conservación de la biodiversidad.
Neoliberalismo al desnudo. Trump, América Latina y la derecha sin contradicciones
Authors: Costantino Agostina , Cantamutto Francisco
Published: July 2018

La llegada de Donald Trump al poder en Estados Unidos de América forma parte de una suerte de nueva "oleada" de llegada al gobierno de fuierzas o candidatos abiertamente conservadores o reaccionarios en países centrales. Sus críticas convocan el rechazo social de diversos sectores sociales a los efectos de la globalización, que incluyen, pero no se limitan a, mayor pobreza, desigualdad, desempleo, peores salarios y condiciones de vida en general. Sumado a esto, Trump en EUA se enfrenta a un momento histórico de máxima competencia a nivel mundial de una potencia emergente como es China. Frente a esto, está adoptando una serie de políticas que tendrán un impacto diferenciado en los distintos países latinoamericanos de acuerdo a las características que, en los últimos años, han adoptado los modos de acumulación de cada uno. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar estos posibles impactos en América Latina y el Caribe. Se trata de un análisis prospectivo basado en datos estadísticos confiables que permitirán justificar las cinco vías de impacto que destacamos como posibles para la región: la vía comercial, de inversiones, de remesas, de deuda y militar.
El capitalismo periférico alemán en el Desierto de Atacama en el siglo XXI
Authors: González Pizarro José Antonio , Lufin Varas Marcelo , Galeno Ibaceta Claudio
Published: July 2018

El trabajo explica el proceso migratorio alemán en el desierto de Atacama, principalmente en torno a la ciudad de Antofagasta, cuando surgía la explotación salitrera y de plata. En esta perspectiva, se destaca la desconocida influencia germana en el proceso de institucionalización y en el fomento de las actividades comerciales en el nuevo asentamiento. Los alemanes lograron establecer una interesante red social en Antofagasta. A partir de este núcleo, los inmigrantes pudieron informarse de la geografía adversa pero también de las oportunidades que se ofrecían en una sociedad en formación, en negocios múltiples y en un mercado laboral dinámico. También incursionaron en el ámbito político. Todo esto se vio impulsado por factores políticos y económicos que el liberalismo en Chile incentivó.
Derechos Humanos y Democracia en el Vínculo Unión Europea – América Latina
Authors: Oyarzún Serrano Lorena
Published: July 2018

Este artículo analiza la relación Unión Europea (UE) - América Latina (AL), particularmente su vínculo con la democracia, los derechos humanos y se cuestiona si en el actual escenario continuará vigente este lazo. Se argumenta que si bien la relación ha sido valorada en las dos orillas, existen heterogeneidades. Ambas regiones en esta materia han ejercido un papel estratégico como hacedores de reglas en su definición, negociación e implementación. Sin embargo enfrentan profundos desafíos: en la UE, la crisis humanitaria de los refugiados, los nacionalismos y el Brexit, mientras América Latina, corrupción, inequidad y exclusión. Se sostiene que para mantener y fortalecer el lazo birregional se deben incluir temáticas excasamente abordadas, teniendo como guía la agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) adoptados en las Naciones Unidas. Para desarrollar estas ideas, se utiliza el constructivismo y conceptos clave como regionalismo y actorness.
Statistical analysis of the mixed fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Chigansky Pavel Yur'evich , Kleptsyna Marina L'vovna
Published: July 2018

Рассматривается задача оценивания коэффициента сноса процесса типа Орнштейна-Уленбека, управляемого суммой независимых стандартного и фрактального броуновских движений. С использованием недавних результатов о каноническом представлении и спектральной структуре смешанных процессов показано, что оценка максимального правдоподобия является состоятельной и асимптотически нормальной, когда время наблюдения стремится к бесконечности.
The Berry-Esseen bound for $\rho$-mixing random variables and its applications in nonparametric regression model
Authors: Wang Xuejun J , Hu Sh. H
Published: July 2018

В данной статье для $\rho$-перемешивающих случайных величин при некоторых подходящих условиях устанавливается неравенство Берри-Эссеена со скоростью нормальной аппроксимации $O(n^{-1/6}\log n)$. Используя это неравенство, мы затем исследуем неравенство Берри-Эссеена для выборочных квантилей $\rho$-перемешивающих случайных величин. Показано, что при подходящих условиях скорость нормальной аппроксимации есть $O(n^{-1/6}\log n)$. Кроме того, с помощью полученного неравенства Берри-Эссеена исследуется асимптотическая нормальность линейной взвешенной оценки для непараметрической регрессионной модели, основанной на $\rho$-перемешивающих ошибках. В статье получен ряд новых результатов при существенно более слабых структурах зависимости.
Construction of a Learner Corpus for Japanese Language Learners: Natane and Nutmeg
Authors: NISHINA Kikuko , HODOŠČEK Bor , YAGI Yutaka , ABEKAWA Takeshi
Published: July 2018

Japanese language learners aim to acquire reading, listening, writing and speaking skills. We at the Hinoki project (https://hinoki-project.org/) have recently been working on the Natsume collocation search system (https://hinoki-project.org/natsume/), the Natane learner corpus to support Natsume (https://hinoki-project.org/natane/) and the Nutmeg writing support system (http://hinoki-project.org/nutmeg/). In order to test the effectiveness of Nutmeg, we conducted an online experiment with 36 participants who used the system's register misuse identification feature to correct four writing assignments. Results show that Nutmeg can be an effective tool in correcting common register-related errors, especially those involving auxiliary verbs. However, the accuracy of verb and adverb identification was too low, suggesting the need for improvements in the variety of corpora used for identifying register misuse.
Tone Pavček
Authors: Pavček Tone
Published: July 2018

Izbor pesmi
Qualidade de vida e o desenvolvimento de depressão e ansiedade em estudantes de medicina de uma instituição de ensino da Amazônia
Authors: Martins Angélica Arêa Leão , Andrade Fabíola Gonçalves , Albuquerque Ícaro Giovanni Sousa De , Costa Neto Paulo Batista Da , Silva Thais Sant'ana Soares , Mendonça Leonardo Teixeira de
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Identificar e compreender a qualidade de vida e o desenvolvimento de depressão e ansiedade em estudantes de uma Instituição de Ensino da Amazônia (IES) no município de Belém, estado do Pará, no ano de 2017.Método: Foi realizado estudo observacional, individual, descritivo e transversal, com alunos de uma IES da Amazônia, através dos questionários WHOQOL e escala HAD, com uso dos testes de Mann Whitney e TStudent para análises comparativas, sendo os demais dados analisados por estatística simples. Resultados: Dos 126 estudantes avaliados, houve predomínio de jovens acima de 19 anos, do sexo feminino, sem graduações anteriores. Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante na avaliação do questionário WHOQOL nos domínios de meio ambiente e social, sendo em ambos os resultados do 1º semestre pior que o 7º semestre; Também foi significativo o resultado dos sintomas possíveis de transtornos de ansiedade, sendo esses sintomas mais prevalentes nos alunos do 1º semestre (63% vs 48%). Os demais domínios do WHOQOL e resultados do HAD não apresentaram diferenças, mas se observou alta prevalência de sintomas de depressão tanto no 1º quanto no 7º semestre (49 e 35% respectivamente). Conclusão: Os dados encontrados estão em consonância com a literatura, e mostram que mesmo com melhoras em alguns quesitos relacionados a qualidade de vida no decorrer da graduação, a presença de elevados índices de triagem para transtornos do humor (depressão e ansiedade) dentre esse grupo populacional merece atenção e mais estudos para mudar essa realidade e o futuro desses profissionais.
The Δ17O and δ18O values of atmospheric nitrates simultaneously collected downwind of anthropogenic sources – implications for polluted air masses
Authors: Savard Martine M. , Cole Amanda S. , Vet Robert , Smirnoff Anna
Published: July 2018

Abstract. There are clear motivations for better understanding the
atmospheric processes that transform nitrogen (N) oxides
(NOx) emitted from anthropogenic sources into nitrates
(NO3-), two of them being that NO3- contributes to
acidification and eutrophication of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and
particulate nitrate may play a role in climate dynamics. For these reasons,
oxygen isotope delta values (δ18O, Δ17O)
are frequently applied to infer the chemical pathways leading to the observed
mass-independent isotopic anomalies from interaction with 17O-rich
ozone (O3). Recent laboratory experiments suggest that the isotopic
equilibrium between NO2 (the main precursor of NO3-)
and O3 may take long enough under certain field conditions that
nitrates may be formed near emission sources with lower isotopic values than
those formed further downwind. Indeed, previously published field
measurements of oxygen isotopes in NO3- in precipitation
(wNO3-) and in particulate (pNO3-) samples
suggest that abnormally low isotopic values might characterize polluted air
masses. However, none of the air studies have deployed systems allowing
collection of samples specific to anthropogenic sources in order to avoid
shifts in isotopic signature due to changing wind directions, or separately
characterized gaseous HNO3 with Δ17O values. Here
we have used a wind-sector-based, multi-stage filter sampling system and
precipitation collector to simultaneously sample HNO3 and
pNO3-, and co-collect wNO3-. The nitrates are
from various distances (<1 to >125 km) downwind of different
anthropogenic emitters, and consequently from varying time lapses after
emission. The separate collection of nitrates shows that the HNO3 δ18O ranges are distinct from those of w- and
pNO3-. Interestingly, the Δ17O differences
between pNO3- and HNO3 shift from positive during
cold sampling periods to negative during warm periods. The low
pNO3-Δ17O values observed during warm
periods may partly derive from the involvement of 17O-depleted
peroxy radicals (RO2) oxidizing NO during that season. Another
possibility is that nitrates derive from NOx that has not
yet reached isotopic equilibrium with O3. However, these
mechanisms, individually or together, cannot explain the observed
pNO3 minus HNO3 isotopic changes. We propose
differences in dry depositional rates, faster for HNO3, as a
mechanism for the observed shifts. Larger proportions of
pNO3- formed via the N2O5 pathway would
explain the opposite fall–winter patterns. Our results show that the separate
HNO3, wNO3- and pNO3- isotopic
signals can be used to further our understanding of NOx
oxidation and deposition. Future research should investigate all tropospheric
nitrate species as well as NOx to refine our understanding
of nitrate distribution worldwide and to develop effective emission reduction
strategies.
Fungi regulate the response of the N2O production process to warming and grazing in a Tibetan grassland
Authors: Zhong Lei , Wang Shiping , Xu Xingliang , Wang Yanfen , Rui Yichao , Zhou Xiaoqi , Shen Qinhua , Wang Jinzhi , Jiang Lili , Luo Caiyun , Gu Tianbao , Ma Wenchao , Chen Guanyi
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Lack of understanding of the effects of warming and winter grazing on soil
fungal contribution to the nitrous oxide (N2O) production process
has limited our ability to predict N2O fluxes under changes in
climate and land use management, because soil fungi play an important role in
driving terrestrial N cycling. A controlled warming and winter grazing
experiment that included control (C), winter grazing (G), warming (W) and
warming with winter grazing (WG) was conducted to investigate the effects of
warming and winter grazing on soil N2O production potential in an
alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results showed that soil bacteria
and fungi contributed 46 ± 2 % and 54 ± 2 % to
nitrification, and 37 ± 3 % and 63 ± 3 % to
denitrification in the control treatment, respectively. We conclude that soil
fungi could be the main source of N2O production potential for the
Tibetan alpine grasslands. In our results, neither warming nor winter grazing
affected the activity of enzymes responsible for overall nitrification and
denitrification. However, warming significantly increased the enzyme activity
of bacterial nitrification and potential of N2O production from
denitrification to 53 ± 2 % and 55 ± 3 %, respectively,
but decreased them to 47 ± 2 % and 45 ± 3 %,
respectively. Winter grazing had no such effects. Warming and winter grazing
may not affect the soil N2O production potential, but climate
warming can alter biotic pathways responsible for N2O production
process. These findings confirm the importance of soil fungi in the soil
N2O production process and how they respond to environmental and
land use changes in alpine meadow ecosystems. Therefore, our results provide
some new insights into ecological controls on the N2O production
process and contribute to the development of an ecosystem nitrogen cycle
model.
Upscaled diurnal cycles of land–atmosphere fluxes: a new global half-hourly data product
Authors: Bodesheim Paul , Jung Martin , Gans Fabian , Mahecha Miguel D. , Reichstein Markus
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Interactions between the biosphere and the atmosphere can be well characterized by fluxes between the two. In particular, carbon and energy fluxes play a major role in understanding biogeochemical processes on an ecosystem level or global scale. However, the fluxes can only be measured at individual sites, e.g., by eddy covariance towers, and an upscaling of these local observations is required to analyze global patterns. Previous work focused on upscaling monthly, 8-day, or daily average values, and global maps for each flux have been provided accordingly. In this paper, we raise the upscaling of carbon and energy fluxes between land and atmosphere to the next level by increasing the temporal resolution to subdaily timescales. We provide continuous half-hourly fluxes for the period from 2001 to 2014 at 0.5° spatial resolution, which allows for analyzing diurnal cycles globally. The data set contains four fluxes: gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), latent heat (LE), and sensible heat (H). We propose two prediction approaches for the diurnal cycles based on large-scale regression models and compare them in extensive cross-validation experiments using different sets of predictor variables. We analyze the results for a set of FLUXNET tower sites showing the suitability of our approaches for this upscaling task. Finally, we have selected one approach to calculate the global half-hourly data products based on predictor variables from remote sensing and meteorology at daily resolution as well as half-hourly potential radiation. In addition, we provide a derived product that only contains monthly average diurnal cycles, which is a lightweight version in terms of data storage that still allows studying the important characteristics of diurnal patterns globally. We recommend to primarily use these monthly average diurnal cycles, because they are less affected by the impacts of day-to-day variation, observation noise, and short-term fluctuations on subdaily timescales compared to the full half-hourly flux products. The global half-hourly data products are available at https://doi.org/10.17871/BACI.224.
Short communication: The Topographic Analysis Kit (TAK) for TopoToolbox
Authors: Forte Adam M. , Whipple Kelin X.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Quantitative analysis of digital topographic data is an increasingly important part of many studies in the geosciences. Initially, performing these analyses was a niche endeavor, requiring detailed domain knowledge and programming skills, but increasingly broad, flexible, open source code bases have been developed to increasingly democratize topographic analysis. However, many of these still require specific computing environments and/or moderate levels of knowledge of both the relevant programming language and the correct way to take these fundamental building blocks and conduct an efficient and effective topographic analysis. To partially address this, we have written the Topographic Analysis Kit (TAK) which leverages the power of one of these open source libraries, TopoToolbox, to build a series of high-level topographic analysis tools to perform a variety of common topographic analyses, including generation of maps of normalized channel steepness or chi and selection and statistical analysis of populations of watersheds. No programming skills or advanced Matlab capability is required for effective use of TAK. In addition, to expand the utility of TAK, along with the primary functions, which like the underlying TopoToolbox functions require Matlab and several proprietary toolboxes to run, we provide compiled versions of these functions that use the free Matlab Runtime Environment for users who do not have institutional access to Matlab or all of the required toolboxes.
Technical note: Saturated hydraulic conductivity and textural heterogeneity of soils
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Carlos , Pachepsky Yakov , Martín Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is an important
soil parameter that highly depends on soil's particle size distribution
(PSD). The nature of this dependency is explored in this work in two ways,
(1) by using the information entropy as a heterogeneity parameter of the PSD
and (2) using descriptions of PSD in forms of textural triplets, different
than the usual description in terms of the triplet of sand, silt, and clay
contents. The power of this parameter, as a descriptor of ln⁡Ksat, was tested on a database larger than 19 000 soils.
Bootstrap analysis yielded coefficients of determination of up to 0.977 for
ln⁡Ksat using a triplet that combines very coarse, coarse,
medium, and fine sand as coarse particles; very fine sand, and silt as
intermediate particles; and clay as fine particles. The power of the
correlation was analysed for different textural classes and different
triplets using a bootstrap approach. Also, it is noteworthy that soils with
finer textures had worse correlations, as their hydraulic properties are not
solely dependent on soil PSD. This heterogeneity parameter can lead to new descriptions of soil PSD, other
than the usual clay, silt, and sand, that can describe better different soil
physical properties, that are texture-dependent.
Water ages in the critical zone of long-term experimental sites in northern latitudes
Authors: Sprenger Matthias , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Buttle Jim , Laudon Hjalmar , Soulsby Chris
Published: July 2018

Abstract. As northern environments undergo intense changes due to a
warming climate and altered land use practices, there is an urgent need for
improved understanding of the impact of atmospheric forcing and vegetation on
water storage and flux dynamics in the critical zone. We therefore assess the
age dynamics of water stored in the upper 50 cm of soil, and in evaporation,
transpiration, or recharge fluxes at four soil–vegetation units of podzolic
soils in the northern latitudes with either heather or tree vegetation
(Bruntland Burn in Scotland, Dorset in Canada, and Krycklan in Sweden). We
derived the age dynamics with the physically based SWIS (Soil Water Isotope
Simulator) model, which has been successfully used to simulate the
hydrometric and isotopic dynamics in the upper 50 cm of soils at the study
sites. The modelled subsurface was divided into interacting fast and slow
flow domains. We tracked each day's infiltrated water through the critical
zone and derived forward median travel times (which show how long the water
takes to leave the soil via evaporation, transpiration, or recharge), and
median water ages (to estimate the median age of water in soil storage or the
evaporation, transpiration, and recharge fluxes). Resulting median travel
times were time-variant, mainly governed by major recharge events during
snowmelt in Dorset and Krycklan or during the wetter winter conditions in
Bruntland Burn. Transpiration travel times were driven by the vegetation
growth period with the longest travel times (200 days) for waters infiltrated
in early dormancy and the shortest travel times during the vegetation period.
However, long tails of the travel time distributions in evaporation and
transpiration revealed that these fluxes comprised waters older than
100 days. At each study site, water ages of soil storage, evaporation,
transpiration, and recharge were all inversely related to the storage volume
of the critical zone: water ages generally decreased exponentially with
increasing soil water storage. During wet periods, young soil waters were
more likely to be evapotranspired and recharged than during drier periods.
While the water in the slow flow domain showed long-term seasonal dynamics
and generally old water ages, the water ages of the fast flow domain were
generally younger and much flashier. Our results provide new insights into
the mixing and transport processes of soil water in the upper layer of the
critical zone, which is relevant for hydrological modelling at the plot to
catchment scales as the common assumption of a well-mixed system in the
subsurface holds for neither the evaporation, transpiration, or recharge.
Mesoscale eddies in the Algerian Basin: do they differ as a function of their formation site?
Authors: Pessini Federica , Olita Antonio , Cotroneo Yuri , Perilli Angelo
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The circulation of the western Mediterranean Sea (WMED) is dominated by
highly variable and heterogeneous mesoscale circulation that is strongly driven by
the formation and propagation of eddies (cyclonic and anticyclonic) mainly
acting in the Algerian Basin. In order to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of eddy
generation and their respective paths in the Algerian Basin, the most
energetic WMED portion, we use an automated detection and tracking hybrid
method applied to 24 years of sea level anomaly (SLA) data. The algorithm is
based on the computation of the Okubo–Weiss parameter in SLA closed loops and
has been modified in order to fill the gaps in single eddy tracks. In this
work we analysed both cyclonic and anticyclonic structures, but the
conclusions will be focused mainly on anticyclones with a lifespan longer than
3 months, as they are characterized by higher kinetic energy, thereby
potentially contributing to a large extent to the mesoscale characterization
of the basin. In particular, we find that anticyclonic short-life eddies mostly occur in
the northern portion of the domain, north of 39∘ N along the North
Balearic Front (NBF). Such short-life eddies, labelled frontal eddies (FEs),
are characterized by low translational velocity and a highly variable
direction of propagation. We found a weak seasonality in their formation,
with maxima in fall and winter. By contrast, anticyclonic longer-life eddies
tend to arise in the southern part of the basin along the Algerian Current,
with a clear maximum in spring. All the structures (both cyclonic and
anticyclonic) originating along the Algerian Current are known as Algerian
eddies (AEs). According to previous studies, we observe that these
anticyclonic eddies mainly form east of 6.5∘ E and move eastward
along the African coast to the Sardinia Channel, where they detach from the
coast, continuing offshore and following the cyclonic intermediate
circulation. We detect a region between 4.5 and 6.5∘ E
where such eddies tend to converge and terminate their life. Finally, the analysis suggests that eddies formed in the northern and in the
southern part of the Algerian Basin present some physical differences such as
lifetime, kinetic energy and vorticity. Furthermore, the connection between
the two parts in terms of eddy tracks is limited to a very small number of
southbound (FEs) or northbound (AEs) structures crossing 39∘ N.
Deglaciation and future stability of the Coats Land ice margin, Antarctica
Authors: Hodgson Dominic A. , Hogan Kelly , Smith James M. , Smith James A. , Hillenbrand Claus-Dieter , Graham Alastair G. C. , Fretwell Peter , Allen Claire , Peck Vicky , Arndt Jan-Erik , Dorschel Boris , Hübscher Christian , Smith Andrew M. , Larter Robert
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The East
Antarctic Ice Sheet discharges into the Weddell Sea via the Coats Land ice
margin. We have used geophysical data to determine the changing ice-sheet
configuration in this region through its last glacial advance and Holocene
retreat and to identify constraints on its future stability. Methods included
high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, sub-bottom profiles, seismic-reflection
profiles, sediment core analysis and satellite altimetry. These provide
evidence that Coats Land glaciers and ice streams merged with the
palaeo-Filchner Ice Stream during the last glacial advance. Retreat of this
ice stream from 12 848 to 8351 cal. yr BP resulted in its progressive
southwards decoupling from Coats Land outlet glaciers. Moraines and
grounding-zone wedges document the subsequent retreat and thinning of these
glaciers, their loss of contact with the bed and the formation of ice
shelves, which re-advanced to pinning points on topographic highs at the
distal end of the troughs. Once fully detached from the bed, these ice
shelves were predisposed to rapid retreat back to coastal grounding lines.
This was due to reverse-bed slopes, the consequent absence of further pinning
points in the troughs and potentially to the loss of structural integrity
resulting from weaknesses inherited at the grounding line. These processes
explain why there are no large ice shelves in the eastern Weddell Sea between
75.5 and 77∘ S.
Evaluation of Management Skills and Training among Horticultural Farmers in Botswana
Authors: Baliyan Som Pal , Oitsile Tshepo , Motlhabane Comfort
Published: July 2018

This quantitative study aimed to determine the level of management skills and training among small scale horticultural farmers in Botswana. The study adopted an exploratory and descriptive survey research design. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to collect data through a survey of forty (n=40) purposively sampled small scale horticultural farmers in Botswana. A six-point Likerts’ scale ranging from 0=No skill to 5=very high skill was used to measure the level of eight areas of farm management skills and training namely; planning and goal setting skills, accounting and financial management skills, communication skills, productivity management skills, product procurement and marketing skills, decision making skills, risk management skills, and technical skills. Mean and standard deviations for each of the farm management skills were calculated and, tested for their significance using a Chi Square test. Findings revealed that farmers had an overall high level of farm management skills and training. Communication skill was the only skill which the farmers had at a very high level. Farmers had high skills levels in the technical skills, product procurement and marketing management skills, planning and goal setting skills and, decision-making skills. Farmers had a low skill levels in risk management skills followed by accounting and financial management skills and, production and productivity management skills. Therefore, the farmers need to be adequately trained in skill areas of risk management, production and productivity management skills and, accounting and financial management. Specific and important recommendations include formulation and implementation of effective agricultural insurance policies; inculcate the adoption of appropriate farm technologies, leadership and cooperation skills among farmers and, training of farmers in the areas of scientific production techniques, plant protection and record keeping. To prioritize the areas for effective and time bound improvement in the farm management skills among horticultural farmers, further study can be conducted to determine the influence of socio-economic characteristics of farmers on the level of their farm management skills.
Woodrow Wilson's Christian Internationalism and the Pursuit of a Just and Lasting Peace
Authors: Burnidge Cara Lea
Published: July 2018

From the beginning of the Great War through peace negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference, US president Woodrow Wilson focused less on military strategy and more on establishing peace. Both early twentieth-century observers and twenty-first-century historians recognize how important Christianity was to Wilson; yet, the relationship between his internationalism and Christianity is often misunderstood. Even though Wilson's position on the war reflected widely held Christian values and norms—first, avoiding war through neutrality and, second, using just war theory to explain American entry into the war—his conception of the League of Nations demonstrated how he understood Christian internationalism.
Christianity, Darwinism, and War: A Paradox
Authors: Ruse Michael
Published: July 2018

Both Christians and Darwinians have discussed the topic of war very extensively. There is a paradox. One might think that Christians, as followers of Jesus' commands in the Sermon on the Mount, would be against war, and Darwinians, as followers of the claims of the Origin of Species about a struggle for existence leading to change, would be in favor of war. To the contrary, Christians have long argued that one can legitimately go to war and that war will be with us always, whereas Darwinians believe that we can and should transcend our past, and give up war. This article explores the roots of this difference and argues that there are some remarkable shared connections and that today we can and must recognize that both sides of the argument are wrong and that we can now hope for a better understanding of the nature and causes of war.
Kinetics and Mechanism Study of Oxidation of Ethylenediamine and Ethanolamine by Potassium Ferrate (VI) in Alkaline Media
Authors: Chen Chaochao , Shan Jinhuan , Li Xiaofang , Su Dan
Published: July 2018

In this work, the kinetics of oxidation of Ethylenediamine and Ethanolamine by Potassium Ferrate (VI) has been studied by using stop –flow spectrometer under alkaline media. The results show that the oxidation-reduction reaction is a first-order to reactant and a negative fraction order to [OH-]. A convincing mechanism involving a slow response as the rate-controlling step is proposed and the rate equations derived from the mechanism was shown to fit all the experimental observations. The rate constants of the rate-controlling step and the thermodynamic activation parameters were calculated.
Should EU cross-border cooperation programmes focus mainly on reducing border obstacles?
Authors: Medeiros Eduardo
Published: July 2018

EU cross-border cooperation programmes were formally established with the launching of the first INTERREG Community Initiative (1989-1993). Since then, these programmes have been expanding to Northern and Eastern Europe. At present, the INTERREG V-A (2014-2020), formally known as European Territorial Cooperation (strand A – crossborder cooperation), covers more than 60% of the EU territory and 40% of EU inhabitants, making it one of the most politically relevant EU financed programmes. For the most part, however, these programmes are still regarded by both the European Commission and national and regional authorities as a complementary financial tool to support growth and regional development strategies. In this context, this article analyses what have been the main strategic goals of the EU cross-border cooperation programmes, whilst supporting a new strategic paradigm for these programmes during the post-2020 EU policies programming phase focused on reducing the barrier-effects in all their main dimensions.
La Reserva de la Biosfera Meseta Ibérica como espacio natural protegido transfronterizo: ¿herramienta de conservación o marca promocional?
Authors: Trillo Santamaría Juan Manuel , Paül Carril Valerià
Published: July 2018

Los espacios naturales protegidos transfronterizos (ENPT) se han multiplicado en los últimos años, sobre todo en el ámbito europeo y en África Austral. Tanto desde las organizaciones internacionales como desde el mundo académico se han realizado multitud de investigaciones acerca de los ENPT; más neutras, por lo general, las primeras, y más críticas las segundas. En la Península Ibérica, destaca por su extensión la Reserva de la Biosfera Transfronteriza Meseta Ibérica, declarada en 2015. Este artículo la estudia a través de una investigación cualitativa, en particular mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados obtenidos son interpretados en el marco de las referencias disponibles sobre los ENPT. El análisis efectuado revela que esta Reserva de la Biosfera se basa discursivamente más en cuestiones turísticas y de marca que en aspectos vinculados a la protección y conservación ambientales, una conclusión que subvierte el modelo esperado.
La planificació i la gestió d’un paisatge transfronterer. El Pla de Paisatge de la Cerdanya
Authors: Nogué Joan , Sala i Martí Pere
Published: July 2018

Les institucions de la Cerdanya, tant de la banda catalana com de la francesa, conscients de la importància estratègica que té el fet de conservar el seu paisatge i potenciar-ne la qualitat, l’any 2012 van sumar esforços a l’hora de pensar i d’establir plegats les bases de futur per posar-lo en valor, amb la complicitat dels principals agents del territori. El resultat n’és el Pla de Paisatge Transfronterer de la Cerdanya, una eina de coneixement, d’acció, de sensibilització i de compromís, que aplica els principis de cooperació europea establerts pel Conveni Europeu del Paisatge (CEP). La metodologia d’elaboració del pla, desenvolupada conjuntament pel Parc Natural Regional dels Pirineus Catalans i l’Observatori del Paisatge de Catalunya, es fonamenta en la concertació amb els principals actors del territori. El Pla intenta repensar el territori des de la unitat de paisatge, en un moment en què les administracions locals busquen fórmules alternatives i imaginatives d’ordenació i de gestió del paisatge.
Recasting Folk in the Himalayas
Authors: Fiol Stefan
Published: July 2018

The concept of folk (or lok in North Indian languages) has become an essential part of public discourse in contemporary India that is used to mark social identity and an authentic relationship to place. This musical ethnography explores the contours and consequences of the contemporary folk music boom in Uttarakhand while tracing the influences of colonial, nationalist, and post-colonial ideologies on current conceptualizations of folk music and on various approaches to “folklorizing” musical practice. Like the better-documented process of classicization, folklorization necessarily entails the silencing and purging of undesirable, polluting, low-status bodies and musical elements from particular performance traditions. Recasting Folk documents the ways in which reformers have sought to create value for folk traditions by turning to processes of codification, adaptation, and exclusion. The book also illuminates the lives of artists whose opportunities to succeed in the vernacular music industry have varied on the basis of their caste, class, and gender positions. By moving beyond the village to examine interconnected contexts of production in recording studios, state festivals, and literary texts, this text challenges long-entrenched understandings of the folk concept in South Asia.
Women of the Storm
Authors: David Emmanuel
Published: July 2018

Women of the Storm: Civic Activism after Hurrican Katrina provides a sociohistorical account of the emergence of Women of the Storm in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. After presenting a detailed description of the group’s initial formation, the book chronicles its struggles from 2006 to 2012, beginning with the women’s efforts to invite lawmakers to see Katrina’s destruction firsthand and ending with their campaigns to restore the Gulf Coast after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Drawing on extensive interviews with Women of the Storm members, ethnographic observations, and historical documents, the book provides a detailed account of women’s civic activism in the wake of disaster, revealing the entire Katrina recovery in a more complex light. In addition to documenting the group’s influence on public policy, the book argues that members of Women of the Storm used post-disaster activism to establish meaningful cultural spaces in which they constructed gender solidarity, negotiated racial and socioeconomic differences, and crafted new forms of social and moral responsibility. The book addresses how Hurricane Katrina brought these women together and how they actively negotiated the everyday challenges of working across social divides.
J. G. Ballard
Authors: Wilson D. Harlan
Published: July 2018

This biocritical study of J. G. Ballard is the first book to account for the entire life and work of the eccentric, prolific SF author. Ballard began his career publishing short stories in SF magazines. Rather than explore outer space, his fiction explores “inner space,” drawing on the aesthetics of Surrealism and Freudian psychoanalysis. In the 1960s, he became associated with the New Wave movement in SF, which eschewed the principles of pulp SF in favor of literary modernism. Ballard’s oeuvre maps the unfolding of the mediapocalypse from the dawn of the Space Age into the 21st century; pathologized by the technology of electronic media, his characters are chronically harrowed by an implosion of real and cinematic landscapes as they struggle to find agency from the “death of affect” incited by the forces of late capitalism. Some scholarship has tried to remove Ballard from SF, arguing that he abandoned the genre halfway through his career, especially after publishing the fictional autobiography Empire of the Sun. As this book avows, however, Ballard began as, and always remained, a SF writer.
Jan Svankmajer
Authors: Johnson Keith Leslie
Published: July 2018

This synoptic study of Czech filmmaker Jan Švankmajer (b. 1934) presents his career in terms of a Surrealist outlook informed by an idiosyncratic animism. More than any other recent filmmaker, Švankmajer provides access to a “flat ontology”—a vision of the world with a single, uncanny order of being, where all things are, as it were, at once animated and inert, puppet-like. The screen of animist cinema is not therefore an abstract “field” in which human actors disport themselves against a backdrop of neutral, unresponsive objects, but more akin to an alchemist’s lab, where the proper incantation and ritual unlocks the potential for life hidden in all things. Švankmajer draws on the language and imagery of the occult so as to liberate the mind, less from rationality itself as from a certain straitened conception of it, decoupled from intuition and the creative imagination. The occult provides “technologies” for accessing these (e.g., Tarot, magic squares, alternative alphabets, symbol systems, etc.) and leaping thereby over the palings of stale, orthodox thought. This book examines Švankmajer’s animist cinema as it emerges in five conceptual “habitats”: that of the object; that of the animal; that of the creature (located between object and animal); that of the polis; and that of the ecosphere as a whole.
Promoção do aleitamento materno no pré-natal
Authors: Silva Daniela Duarte da , Schmitt Isabel Maria , Costa Roberta , Zampieri Maria de Fátima Motta , Bohn Ingrid Elizabete , Lima Margarete Maria de
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: analizar el discurso de mujeres embarazadas y de profesionales de la salud sobre las orientaciones acerca de la lactancia materna en la atención prenatal del sistema básico de salud. Método: investigación descriptiva cualitativa tipo estudio de caso, cuyo escenario fue un curso de grado en enfermería en el estado de Rio de Janeiro. Participaron 57 estudiantes de enfermería inscritos en los dos últimos semestres del curso, a través de entrevistas estructuradas durante el segundo semestre de 2016. Los datos producidos fueron tratados por análisis de contenido. Resultados: el análisis de datos dio lugar a tres discursos colectivos: promoción de la lactancia materna en la atención prenatal, orientaciones sobre la lactancia materna sólo en el puerperio y otras fuentes de información sobre la lactancia materna. Entre las orientaciones en el prenatal se destacan aquéllas relativas a la preparación de las mamas, a los beneficios de la lactancia y a la importancia de la lactancia materna exclusiva hasta el sexto mes de vida. Conclusión: Se percibió la ausencia de orientaciones sobre el manejo de la lactancia. Las mujeres embarazadas apuntan a la búsqueda de información en los medios digitales y en las redes de apoyo. Se necesitan estrategias con metodologías activas y el uso de las redes sociales en la atención prenatal para fomentar la promoción de la lactancia materna, garantizar la seguridad materna y aumentar las tasas de prevalencia de dicha lactancia en el municipio.
Fatores associados ao perfil da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital psiquiátrico e suas implicações para a saúde do trabalhador*
Authors: Sousa Kayo Henrique Jardel Feitosa , Soares Elizabeth Camacho Fonseca , Moraes Katerine Gonçalves , Batista Kely Cristine , Gonçalves Tayane Silva , Zeitoune Regina Célia Gollner
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: discutir las implicaciones del perfil sociodemográfico y laboral, las condiciones de salud y los hábitos de vida para la salud del trabajador de enfermería de un hospital psiquiátrico. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 74 participantes. Se utilizó un cuestionario para la caracterización sociodemográfica, laboral y de condiciones de salud y hábitos de vida. Resultados: se verificó asociación entre la categoría auxiliar / técnico de enfermería de raza negra/ tez negra (p <0,001), nivel medio de escolaridad (p <0,001), carga horaria semanal superior a 30 horas (p = 0,007), más de un vínculo laboral (p = 0,034), trabajo nocturno (p = 0,018) y trastorno mental común (p = 0,015). Se observó asociación significativa entre la categoría enfermero y antigüedad en el sector (p = 0,028). Conclusión: los resultados sugieren que la naturaleza del trabajo realizado ejerce fuerte influencia sobre la salud del trabajador, en especial sobre los auxiliares/ técnicos de enfermería.
Percepções das enfermeiras obstetras sobre sua formação na modalidade de residência e prática profissional
Authors: Pereira Adriana Lenho de Figueiredo , Guimarães Juliana Cristina Nascimento , Nicácio Marina Caldas , Batista Deise Breder dos Santos , Mouta Ricardo José Oliveira , Prata Juliana Amaral
Published: July 2018

Este estudio busca describir las percepciones de las enfermeras obstétricas sobre su formación en la modalidad de residencia y sus interfaces con la práctica profesional. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, realizada con veinticinco enfermeras obstétricas calificadas en un curso de especialización en la modalidad de residencia. La técnica del análisis temático fue aplicada para el análisis de las entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados mostraron que las enfermeras obstétricas tienen una percepción positiva sobre su formación en el programa de la residencia, pero mencionan contradicciones entre el enfoque en el cuidado humanizado de la enseñanza teórica y la persistencia del modelo medicalizado en los escenarios de enseñanza en la práctica. En cuanto a la actuación profesional en el área, las enfermeras destacan la facilidad de uso de las tecnologías de cuidados y los obstáculos derivados de los conflictos profesionales, del bajo reconocimiento y de la sobrecarga laboral. Se concluye que la modalidad de residencia promueve la seguridad para el ejercicio de la especialidad; sin embargo, las restricciones identificadas imponen desafíos para la calificación y práctica profesional, apuntando a la necesidad de adecuación del programa de enseñanza con vistas a la formación de especialistas con actitudes capaces de enfrentar y superar tales desafíos.
Acidentes de trânsito com idosos
Authors: Santos Ana Maria Ribeiro dos , Avelino Fernanda Valéria Silva Dantas , Claudino Maria Adelaide Duarte , Figueiredo Maria do Livramento Fortes , Rocha Silvana Santiago da , Silva Tereza Cristina Araújo da
Published: July 2018

Reflexión teórica con miras a considerar las demandas y responsabilidades de la sociedad y del poder público ante los altos índices de accidentes de tránsito involucrando adultos mayores. Se observó que, para entender mejor este problema, habría que repensar los cambios inherentes al proceso de envejecimiento y sus impactos en el individuo como peatón y/o conductor bien como en la infraestructura y la logística de tránsito que pueden agravar o minimizar la vulnerabilidad de este grupo a los accidentes. La sociedad civil y el poder público son responsables de garantizar la salud y la seguridad de la población, especialmente de los adultos mayores y, sobre todo, de su movilidad. Por ello, habría que planificar y realizar obras de accesibilidad que respeten las particularidades del adulto mayor, así como controlar y penalizar las infracciones por parte del poder público. La gran responsabilidad de la sociedad civil, por su lado, es asumir y cumplir su rol social en la construcción de un tránsito sin violencia y más seguro para las personas mayores.