bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islamsk emirat i Gaza? Hamas vs. al-Qaida
Authors: Engell Troels Gauslå
Published: May 2017

Siden valget af Hamas i 2006 er der opstået en opposition af al-Qaidainspirerede bevægelser i Gaza. Ideologiske modsætninger har ført til konflikt mellem disse grupper og Hamas. Men hvem truer hvem i denne situation? Og hvad er konsekvenserne for fredsprocessen?
Flyktning, palestiner eller jordaner?
Authors: Krystad Ellen
Published: May 2017

Hvilken betydning har jordansk statsborgerskap hatt for identiteten til de palestinske flyktningene i Jordan, og hvordan har det påvirket synet på retur til Palestina? En serie intervjuer utført i Wihdat flyktningleir viser at mens de eldste flyktningene fremdeles ønsker og håper å vende tilbake til Palestina, har de yngste et annet syn.
Ti år etter oktober-urolighetene i Israel
Authors: Tuastad Dag
Published: May 2017

Israelske palestinere stod i oktober 2000 bak de mest voldsomme antistatlige demonstrasjonene i Israels historie. Ti år etter urolighetene er ikke lenger integrasjon av Israels palestinske minoritet et mål, verken for landets palestinere eller jøder.
Jemens stille krig
Authors: Annaniassen Kåre
Published: May 2017

Krigen nord i Jemen mellom regimet og zaydi-shi’aopprørere har vist seg vanskelig å stanse. Hva er de bakenforliggende årsakene til konflikten, og hvorfor er den så farlig for landets videre utvikling?
Den tause minoriteten: Jerusalem-armenerne og deres identitet
Authors: Bøe Eyvind
Published: May 2017

Selv om de har et eget kvarter i Gamlebyen i Jerusalem, basert på deres etnisitet, og til tross for at de befinner seg midt i en betent og langvarig konflikt, er armenerne i Jerusalem en relativt ukjent gruppe.
Jerusalem og fredsforhandlingene
Authors: Haugen Hans Morten
Published: May 2017

Artikkelen gir en historisk forståelse av suvereniteten over Jerusalem og administrasjonen av Jerusalems hellige steder. Denne tilnærmingen er valgt nettopp fordi kontrollen over og adgangen til de hellige stedene er kjernen i konflikten om Jerusalem.
Myten om den muslimske fødselsmaskinen
Authors: Klafstad Ragnhild
Published: May 2017

Finnes det en særegen muslimsk fruktbarhet eller befolkningspolitikk som er direkte påvirket av religionen islam? Er høy muslimsk fruktbarhet uunngåelig? Eller er den muslimske holdningen til fødselstall og familieplanlegging ikke styrt av religion, men av sosiale og politiske forhold?
Depression og selvmord i den arabiske verden
Authors: Hansen Gunna Funder
Published: May 2017

I den arabiske verden får den moderne livsform ofte skylden for depression og selvmord. Muslimer går dermed angiveligt fri, for islam giver livet det indhold, mennesket behøver.
Kvinder og khat i Yemen
Authors: Fetteh Saliha Marie
Published: May 2017

Khattygning har længe været naturligt for de fleste yemenitiske mænd. Den omfatter nu i stigende grad også kvinderne. Dette vækker ikke bare blandede følelser hos den ældre generation, men ligeledes hos landets sundhedssektor. På flere områder kan man allerede se den negative effekt af kvindernes stigende khatforbrug.
Landminer og blindgjengere i Midtøsten
Authors: Mathiesen Henrik Forsberg
Published: May 2017

Problemer med landminer og blindgjengere ligner problemer som oppstår i etterkant av akutte naturkatastrofer og ukontrollerte utslipp av miljøgifter. I denne artikkelen gjøres det rede for problemer skapt av landminer og blindgjengere i Midtøsten og det praktiske og politiske arbeidet som pågår for å fjerne slike etterlatenskaper etter krig i regionen.
Zanzibar-omanere og Oman-zanzibarere
Authors: Bang Anne K.
Published: May 2017

Swahili-talende osmanere med bakgrunn fra Zanzibar er en lite kjent minoritet i dagens Oman. Swahili-omanerne er en påminnelse om landets historiske forbindelser over Det indiske hav.
Hvem kan eie hellig grunn?
Authors: Røislien Hanne E.
Published: May 2017

Et blikk på verdensbildet til de jødiske nybyggerne i Hebron.
Brorskap for hetrofile menn
Authors: Sømme Hammer Anders
Published: May 2017

Lederne i DET MUSLIMSKE BRORSKAPET i Egypt insisterer på at de er moderne og vil arbeide innenfor demokratiets rammer. Kvinnelige presidenter og homofile kan de imidlertid ikke akseptere.
Kvinneforskning i Iran
Authors: Kristiansen Nina
Published: May 2017

Kvinneforskningen i Iran er i vekst, men mangler politisk frihet, tilstrekkelig finansiering og mannlige akademikeres støtte. Leder av kilden, Nina Kristiansen, skriver her om sine møter med iranske kvinneforskere.
Shariaen: Ei lov for samfunnet - ei lov for Gud
Authors: Vikør Knut S
Published: May 2017

Shariaen er ikkje lenger eksotisk og fjern, men har begynt å trenge seg inn i norsk samfunnsdebatt. Samtidig er det ganske stor forvirring om kva dette begrepet, som alle elskar å hate, eigentlig står for.
Retorikk og realiteter: Kvinners erfaring med sharia i Pakistan
Authors: Ask Karin
Published: May 2017

Sidan Pakistan vart ein eigen stat i 1947 har debatten omkring innføring av religiøs lov i rettsvesenet pågått i landet. Denne artikkelen tek føre seg ulike konsekvensar av innføringa av sharia og rolla til andre, uskrivne, lover. Spesielt fokuserer artikkelen på hudud-lovene i forhold til kvinners rettsvern.
Mullah Krekars islamforståelse
Authors: Høigilt Jacob , McNicol Thomas
Published: May 2017

Få har festet seg ved hva det betyr at mullah Krekar er en islamist. Hva betyr den islamske loven sharia for ham? Hvordan ser han på de islamske lærde og eventuelt de regimene de kan jobbe for?
Myter og sannheter om israelske kibbutzer
Authors: Rosmer Tilde
Published: May 2017

Tusentalls skandinaver har vært frivillige på kibbutz i Israel. Ifølge myten er disse kollektive jødiske bosetningene basert på egalitære, sosialistiske, progressive og demokratiske ideer. Stemmer disse idealene med kibbutzenes rolle i den sionistiske kolonialisering og etniske rensing av Palestina, samt diskriminering mot både palestinere og ikkeeuropeiskættede jøder?
"Hvis Gud ville at vi skulle bruke higab ville han skapt oss hårete som bjørnen" - Ulike perspektiver på hijab
Authors: Abdel-Fadil Mona
Published: May 2017

Fulla, en Barbie-liknende dokke med hijab, forsvinner raskere av hyllene enn Barbie i mange leketøybutikker i Midtøsten og Nord-Afrika. Lanseringen av den syriskproduserte dukken, har hatt stor suksess, og populariteten sier noe om et ønske om å oppfostre muslimske jenter med hijab fra tidlig alder.
Pastoral plants for rehabilitation of degraded soil in Tunisia: the case for use of Calicotome villosa and Genista spachiana (Fabaceae)
Authors: Kaouther Mechergui , Wahbi Jaouadi , Larbi Khouja Mohamed
Published: May 2017

Calicotome villosa and Genista spachiana are classified as vulnerable in Tunisia and they are of great interest for the  rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems, food for goats and camelids, and for the use of its essential oils in phytotherapy. The aim of this study was to examine the  germination characteristics of both species through analysis of the effects of the salt stress and water stress on germination. We monitored and evaluated different germination characteristics (germination percentage, mean time to germination and germination speed) in the presence of the salt and water stress. Calicotome villosa and Genista spachiana can withstand salinity of up to 15 g/l of salt (31–37% germination at 15 g/l) and also tolerate large doses of PEG6000 (30–40% germination at –1.6 MPa: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a hydrophilic polymer). The tolerance of the two species to salinity and water stress allows them to be a source of food for goats and camelids during drought.
mvp – an open‐source preprocessor for cleaning duplicate records and missing values in mass spectrometry data
Authors: Lee Geunho , Lee Hyun Beom , Jung Byung Hwa , Nam Hojung
Published: May 2017

Mass spectrometry (MS) data are used to analyze biological phenomena based on chemical species. However, these data often contain unexpected duplicate records and missing values due to technical or biological factors. These ‘dirty data’ problems increase the difficulty of performing MS analyses because they lead to performance degradation when statistical or machine‐learning tests are applied to the data. Thus, we have developed missing values preprocessor (mvp), an open‐source software for preprocessing data that might include duplicate records and missing values. mvp uses the property of MS data in which identical chemical species present the same or similar values for key identifiers, such as the mass‐to‐charge ratio and intensity signal, and forms cliques via graph theory to process dirty data. We evaluated the validity of the mvp process via quantitative and qualitative analyses and compared the results from a statistical test that analyzed the original and mvp‐applied data. This analysis showed that using mvp reduces problems associated with duplicate records and missing values. We also examined the effects of using unprocessed data in statistical tests and examined the improved statistical test results obtained with data preprocessed using mvp.
Local sampling paints a global picture: Local concentration measurements sense direction in complex chemical gradients
Authors: Hegemann Björn , Peter Matthias
Published: May 2017

Detecting and interpreting extracellular spatial signals is essential for cellular orientation within complex environments, such as during directed cell migration or growth in multicellular development. Although the molecular understanding of how cells read spatial signals like chemical gradients is still lacking, recent work has revealed that stochastic processes at different temporal and spatial scales are at the core of this gradient sensing process in a wide range of eukaryotes. Fast biochemical reactions like those underlying GTPase activity dynamics form a functional module together with slower cell morphological changes driven by membrane remodelling. This biochemical‐morphological module explores the environment by stochastic local concentration sampling to determine the source of the gradient signal, enabling efficient signal detection and interpretation before polarised growth or migration towards the gradient source is initiated. Here we review recent data describing local sampling and propose a model of local fast and slow feedback counteracted by gradient‐dependent substrate limitation to be at the core of gradient sensing by local sampling.
Enhanced NADH Oxidation Using Polytyramine/Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrodes for Ethanol Biosensing
Authors: Wilson Thomas A. , Musameh Mustafa , Kyratzis Ilias L. , Zhang Jie , Bond Alan M. , Hearn Milton T. W.
Published: May 2017

Polytyramine (PT) has been electro‐deposited onto multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrodes via oxidation of tyramine in 0.1 M H3PO4 by cycling the potential over the range of −400 mV to 1300 mV (versus Ag/AgCl). The reactivity of the resulting chemically‐modified electrodes was characterized using cyclic voltammetry in the presence and absence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The modified electrodes displayed electrochemical activity due to the formation of quinone species and were catalytically active towards NADH oxidation by lowering the oxidation peak potential by 170 mV compared to the value of the MWCNT modified electrode with a peak potential of 180±10 mV (versus Ag/AgCl). The MWCNT/PT surface was further characterized using SEM and XPS methods, which indicated that a thin polymeric film had been formed on the electrode surface. The present work demonstrates the advantage of using PT as a platform that combines both the immobilization of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the mediation of NADH oxidation at a low overpotential essential to the design of high performance ethanol biosensors, all within an easily electropolymerizable film. The resulting biosensor displayed an ethanol sensitivity of 4.28±0.06 μA mM−1 cm−2, a linear range between 0.1 mM and 0.5 mM and a detection limit of 10 μM.
“Making better use of U.S. women” Psychology, sex roles, and womanpower in post‐WWII America
Authors: Rutherford Alexandra
Published: May 2017

The relationship between American psychology and gender ideologies in the two decades following World War II was complicated and multivalent. Although many psy‐professionals publicly contributed to the cult of domesticity that valorized women's roles as wives and mothers, other psychologists, many of them women, reimagined traditional sex roles to accommodate and deproblematize the increasing numbers of women at work, especially working mothers. In this article, I excavate and highlight the contributions of several of these psychologists, embedding their efforts in the context of the paradoxical expectations for women that colored the postwar and increasingly Cold War landscape of the United States. By arguing that conflict was inherent in the lives of both women and men, that role conflict (when it did occur) was a cultural, not intrapsychic, phenomenon, and that maternal employment itself was not damaging to children or families, these psychologists connected the work of their first‐wave, first‐generation forebears with that of the explicitly feminist psychologists who would come after them.
Recent Advances in Metal‐Containing Polymer Hydrogels
Authors: Li Hui , Yang Peng , Pageni Parasmani , Tang Chuanbing
Published: May 2017

Metal‐containing polymer hydrogels have attracted increasing interest in recent years due to their outstanding properties such as biocompatibility, recoverability, self‐healing, and/or redox activity. In this short review, methods for the preparation of metal‐containing polymer hydrogels are introduced and an overview of these hydrogels with various functionalities is given. It is hoped that this short update can stimulate innovative ideas to promote the research of metal‐containing hydrogels in the communities.

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Air core detectors for Cerenkov‐free scintillation dosimetry of brachytherapy β‐sources
Authors: Eichmann Marion , Thomann Benedikt
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Plastic scintillation detectors are used for dosimetry in small radiation fields with high dose gradients, e.g., provided by β‐emitting sources like 106Ru/106Rh eye plaques. A drawback is a background signal caused by Cerenkov radiation generated by electrons passing the optical fibers (light guides) of this dosimetry system. Common approaches to correct for the Cerenkov signal are influenced by uncertainties resulting from detector positioning and calibration procedures. A different approach to avoid any correction procedure is to suppress the Cerenkov signal by replacing the solid core optical fiber with an air core light guide, previously shown for external beam therapy. In this study, the air core concept is modified and applied to the requirements of dosimetry in brachytherapy, proving its usability for measuring water energy doses in small radiation fields.

Methods

Three air core detectors with different air core lengths are constructed and their performance in dosimetry for brachytherapy β‐sources is compared with a standard two‐fiber system, which uses a second fiber for Cerenkov correction. The detector systems are calibrated with a 90Sr/90Y secondary standard and tested for their angular dependence as well as their performance in depth dose measurements of 106Ru/106Rh sources.

Results

The signal loss relative to the standard detector increases with increasing air core length to a maximum value of 58.3%. At the same time, however, the percentage amount of Cerenkov light in the total signal is reduced from at least 12.1% to a value below 1.1%. There is a linear correlation between induced dose and measured signal current. The air core detectors determine the dose rates for 106Ru/106Rh sources without any form of correction for the Cerenkov signal.

Conclusions

The air core detectors show advantages over the standard two‐fiber system especially when measuring in radiation fields with high dose gradients. They can be used as simple one‐fiber systems and allow for an almost Cerenkov‐free scintillation dosimetry of brachytherapy β‐sources.
Heat flow across an oxide layer in Si
Authors: Stanley Christopher M. , Estreicher Stefan K.
Published: May 2017

Oxide layers are ubiquitous in Si technology including nanostructures. How such layers interact with heat flow is not well understood. In this contribution, we present the preliminary results of ab initio molecular‐dynamic simulations of such interactions. We show that oxide layers reflect (part of) the incoming heat, which results in the accumulation of energy on the warmer side of the layer for longer times than without the presence of the oxide. The results are consistent with earlier predictions that phonon‐defect interactions are determined by the vibrational properties of the defect (here, the oxide layer).
Electronic absorption of interstitial boron‐related defects in silicon
Authors: Khirunenko Lyudmila I. , Sosnin Mikhail G. , Duvanskii Andrei V. , Abrosimov Nikolai V. , Riemann Helge
Published: May 2017

We report the data on the electronic absorption of interstitial boron‐related defects in silicon, irradiated with 5 MeV electrons. Two new electronic absorption features have been revealed in the spectrum of boron‐doped Si. The sharp line at 4385.2 cm­−1 is detected in Si irradiated at 80 K and subjected to the subsequent annealing up to 300 K. The emergence of the registered line depends on the concentration of boron and does not depend on the presence of oxygen and carbon in the samples. The revealed line is associated with BiBs complex. It is shown that the presence of oxygen in the samples inhibits the formation of BiBs defects. The disappearance of the 4385.2 cm−­1 line upon annealing is accompanied by the emergence of a line at 7829.5 cm­−1 in the spectrum. The appearance of the 7829.5 cm­−1 line depends on the presence of carbon in the samples. The registered 7829.5 cm­−1 line is ascribed to BiCs complex. It is argued that, in the oxygen‐rich material, Bi liberated as a result of the dissociation of both BiOi and BiBs defects are involved in the formation of BiCs. In oxygen‐lean Si, only Bi liberated at the dissociation of BiBs participate in the formation of BiCs.
An efficient model approach for very high resolution orographic precipitation
Authors: Paeth Heiko , Pollinger Felix , Mächel Hermann , Figura Clarissa , Wahl Sabrina , Ohlwein Christian , Hense Andreas
Published: May 2017

One major challenge in climate‐related issues is the lack of accurate high‐resolution precipitation data on the part of observations and climate model simulations, imposing profound constraints on various impact studies, for instance in the fields of hydrology, glaciology, agronomy and hazard assessment. Here, we present a physical model approach for orographic precipitation based on linear theory and combined with a stochastic weather generator which takes an intermediate position between computationally expensive high‐resolution regional climate models and purely statistical downscaling techniques. The model is applied to a mountainous region in central Germany and run over a decade in a 0.005° resolution (≈500 m). The resulting precipitation fields are spatially and temporally compared with station data from a very dense meteorological network and with a 6 km regional reanalysis.

The spatial correlation between local station data and corresponding model grid boxes is between 0.72 and 0.80. The presented linear model also agrees well with the observed spatial pattern of day‐to‐day variability, mean intensity, weak and extreme precipitation events. It is close to the performance of the high‐resolution regional reanalysis COSMO‐REA6, yet computationally far more efficient. Combined with the weather generator, the linear model matches the statistical properties of the station data almost perfectly and offers a consistent precipitation dataset at 0.005° resolution. The model can be applied to any larger‐scale model or observational dataset, including climate change projections.
Feeding habits of three Batoids in the Levantine Sea (north-eastern Mediterranean Sea) based on stomach content and isotopic data
Authors: Yemışken Emre , Forero Manuela G. , Megalofonou Persefoni , Eryilmaz Lütfıye , Navarro Joan
Published: May 2017

Understanding the diet of marine predators is essential to defining their trophic role in an ecosystem. Elasmobranchs (sharks and batoids) are considered pivotal components of marine food webs, and are often included in the top predator or mesopredator groups. However, in comparison with other Mediterranean areas, research focusing on marine predators inhabiting the Levantine Sea (eastern Mediterranean Sea) is very limited. Here, we examined the feeding habits (diet, trophic width and trophic position) of three endangered batoids (Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758), Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809 and Raja clavata, Linnaeus, 1758) coexisting in Iskenderun Bay (north-eastern Levantine Sea, Mediterranean Basin) by combining stomach content and stable isotope analyses. The results revealed clear differences in the trophic habits between them. Stomach contents showed differences in the diet between species, showing a clear feeding preference for teleosts in the case ofG. altavelaand a diet composed of fish and crustaceans in the case ofR. asteriasandR. clavata. In line with stomach content results, interspecific differences in the isotopic values and trophic levels were found. In particular,G. altavelawas isotopically segregated fromR. asteriasandR. clavata, showing lower isotopic trophic width and higher trophic level. The results of this study provide new insights into the ecological role of these three endangered batoid species in the Levantine Sea and are of crucial importance for management and conservation of these species.
The Rise of the Procedural Paradigm: Judicial Review of EU Legislation in Vertical Competence Disputes
Authors: Öberg Jacob
Published: May 2017

EU Law–Vertical competence review of EU secondary law–Court of Justice control of the exercise of EU legislative powers–Strict procedural review of EU legislation–Standard of judicial review and intensity of judicial review–Judicial review as a safeguard of federalism–Constitutional review of EU legislation–Proportionality, subsidiarity and principle of conferral–Balance between the EU legislator’s prerogatives and the need to ensure that EU legislation conforms to the precepts of EU law–Distribution of competences between Member States and the EU
Croatian Translation of Biblical Passages in Medieval Performative Texts
Authors: Radošević Andrea
Published: May 2017

This article will examine the Croatian translations of the biblical parts of medieval Latin performative texts (sermons, dialogues) which were translated in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and written in Glagolitic script. The Croatian translators were acquainted with the parts of Scripture which were read during the liturgy. Their knowledge of the Bible was evident in the addition of archaisms typical for Glagolitic liturgical books written in Croatian Church Slavonic. Often the quotations from Scripture were adjusted to the narrator's (or preacher's) voice in different ways, by changing the grammar of the Latin text as well as by shortening or expanding the quotations. Research has shown that one of the main goals of the translators in changing biblical quotations was to improve the performative characteristics of translation, so that the translated text could be orally performed.
The Nineteenth-Century Missionary-Translator: Reflecting on Translation Theory through the Work of François Coillard (1834–1904)
Authors: Liu Esther Ruth
Published: May 2017

In the discussion of the history of Christianity, the issue of translation is inevitably present, and yet the discipline of Translation Studies too often neglects the potential for insight that this rich history of translation can bring. This article seeks to reconcile these academic fields, allowing each to enlighten the other. In particular, by presenting the example of the nineteenth-century French Protestant missionary François Coillard (1834–1904) and his translation methods, the article posits colonial missionary narratives as useful not only for considering historical translation processes but also for reconsidering some of the assumptions of contemporary translation theory. By employing sources written by Coillard as well as those written about this ‘Livingstone français’, it challenges the assumptions prevalent in translation theory that the translator is invisible and that he works alone.
‘Playwrights Are Not Evangelists’: Dorothy L. Sayers on Translating the Gospels into Drama
Authors: Hunt Margaret Wiedemann
Published: May 2017

Dorothy L. Sayers's twelve-part wartime radio life of Christ The Man Born to be King has been judged ‘an astonishing and far-reaching innovation’, not only because it used colloquial speech and because Jesus was a character voiced by an actor, but also because it brought the gospels into people's lives in a way that demanded an imaginative response. In spite of this, Sayers insisted that her purpose was not evangelization. Sayers's writing on theological aesthetics asserts that a work of art will only speak to its audience if the artist ‘serves the work’ rather than trying to preach. This article locates her thinking in the context of William Temple's sacramentalism and Jacques Maritain's neo-Thomism, suggesting that Temple's biblical exegesis was central to her approach in dramatizing the gospels. Finally an argument is made for Sayers's influence on mid-century thinking about the arts through her association with Bishop George Bell.
Speaking to God in Australia: Donald Robinson and the Writing of An Australian Prayer Book (1978)
Authors: Shiner R. J. W.
Published: May 2017

Archbishop Donald Robinson (b. 1922) had a distinguished career as a New Testament scholar and senior churchman. As a New Testament scholar, he emphasized the linguistic and cultural distance between what Barth called ‘the strange new world of the Bible’ and our own. However, as a senior churchman, Robinson was required to traverse the distance between the Bible and twentieth-century Australians. Through his episcopal leadership, and notably through his work in producing An Australian Prayer Book (1978), Robinson faced the challenge of speaking to Australians about God, and finding the words by which Australians might speak to God. This article will explore the ways in which a prominent scholar and churchman grappled with the linguistic and cultural challenges of speaking about God and to God in contemporary Australia, understood against the background of the crisis of (ir)relevance faced by Australian churches in the decline of the 1960s and 1970s.
The Language of Baptism in Early Anglo-Saxon England: The Case for Old English
Authors: Jones Miriam Adan
Published: May 2017

This article explores the possibility that the vernacular (Old English) may have been used in the baptismal rite in Anglo-Saxon England before the middle of the eighth century. Statements made by Bede (d. 735) and Boniface (d. 754), provisions in the Canons of the Council ofClofesho(747) and the probable existence of a lost Old English exemplar for the ‘Old Saxon’ or ‘Utrecht’ baptismal promise (Palatinus latinus 755, fols 6v–7r), all suggest that it was. The use of the vernacular was most attractive in a context of ongoing Christianization, where the faith commitment of the baptizand was foregrounded and his or her understanding of the rite correspondingly highly valued. Later, the shift of focus towards the correct pronunciation of the Trinitarian formula and the increase of general knowledge about the baptismal rite reduced the impetus for translation, and Latin became the standard language of baptism. The translation and non-translation of the baptismal rite reflect broader concerns about the place of the Church of the English and its ethnic and cultural particularity within the universal Church, and particularly its relationship with Rome.
David S. Evans (1936–2016)
Authors: Moore Thomas , Fuller-Rowell Tim
Published: May 2017

Evans, a pioneer of auroral physics, changed the way scientists thought about the aurora and magnetic fields and guided a new generation of researchers.
Mapping Refrigerant Gases in the New York City Skyline
Authors: Ghandehari Masoud , Aghamohamadnia Milad , Dobler Gregory , Karpf Andreas , Buckland Kerry , Qian Jun , Koonin Steven
Published: May 2017

Cities are now home to more than 50% of the world’s population and emit large quantities of pollutants from sources such as fossil fuel combustion and the leakage of refrigerants. We demonstrate the utility of persistent synoptic longwave hyperspectral imaging to study the ongoing leakage of refrigerant gases in New York City, compounds that either deplete the stratosphere ozone or have significant global warming potential. In contrast to current monitoring programs that are based on country-level reporting or aggregate measures of emissions, we present the identification of gaseous plumes with high spatial and temporal granularity in real-time over the skyline of Manhattan. The reported data highlights the emission of chemicals scheduled for phase-out. Our goal is to contribute to better understanding of the composition, sources, concentration, prevalence and patterns of emissions for the purposes of both research and policy.
The malate sensing two-component system MaeKR is a non-canonical class of sensory complex for C4-dicarboxylates
Authors: Miguel-Romero L. , Casino P. , Landete J. M. , Monedero V. , Zúñiga M. , Marina A.
Published: May 2017

Microbial colonization of different environments is enabled to a great extent by the plasticity of their sensory mechanisms, among them, the two-component signal transduction systems (TCS). Here, an example of TCS plasticity is presented: the regulation of L-malate catabolism via malic enzyme by MaeRK in Lactobacillales. MaeKR belongs to the citrate family of TCS as the Escherichia coli DcuSR system. We show that the Lactobacillus casei histidine-kinase MaeK is defective in autophosphorylation activity as it lacks a functional catalytic and ATP binding domain. The cognate response regulator MaeR was poorly phosphorylated at its phosphoacceptor Asp in vitro. This phosphorylation, however, enhanced MaeR binding in vitro to its target sites and it was required for induction of regulated genes in vivo. Elucidation of the MaeR structure revealed that response regulator dimerization is accomplished by the swapping of α4-β5-α5 elements between two monomers, generating a phosphoacceptor competent conformation. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the MaeKR peculiarities are not exclusive to L. casei as they are shared by the rest of orthologous systems of Lactobacillales. Our results reveal MaeKR as a non-canonical TCS displaying distinctive features: a swapped response regulator and a sensor histidine kinase lacking ATP-dependent kinase activity.
Correction: Corrigendum: Efficient biosynthesis of a Cecropin A-melittin mutant in Bacillus subtilis WB700
Authors: Ji Shengyue , Li Weili , Baloch Abdul Rasheed , Wang Meng , Li Hengxin , Cao Binyun , Zhang Hongfu
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 40587; published online: 10 January 2017; updated: 26 May 2017 In the original version of this Article the affiliations were incorrect. The correct affiliations are listed below: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
Correction: Corrigendum: Intestinal microbiome in children with severe and complicated acute viral gastroenteritis
Authors: Chen Shih-Yen , Tsai Chi-Neu , Lee Yun-Shien , Lin Chun-Yuan , Huang Kuan-Yeh , Chao Hsun-Ching , Lai Ming-Wei , Chiu Cheng-Hsun
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 46130; published online: 11 April 2017; updated: 26 May 2017. In this Article, an affiliation for Chi-Neu Tsai was omitted. The correct affiliations for Chi-Neu Tsai are listed below: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Erratum: The first complete genome sequences of the acI lineage, the most abundant freshwater Actinobacteria, obtained by whole-genome-amplification of dilution-to-extinction cultures
Authors: Kang Ilnam , Kim Suhyun , Islam Md. Rashedul , Cho Jang-Cheon
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 42252; published online: 10 February 2017; updated: 26 May 2017. This Article contains errors. The title of Table 1 is incorrect, where: ‘Table 1: ECG and EGCG derivatives and their autophagic activation’. should read: “Table 1. Overall features of four acI strains and their genomes’.
Correction: Corrigendum: Targeting BMK1 Impairs the Drug Resistance to Combined Inhibition of BRAF and MEK1/2 in Melanoma
Authors: Song Chengli , Wang Lina , Xu Qiang , Wang Kai , Xie Dan , Yu Zhe , Jiang Kui , Liao Lujian , Yates John R. , Lee Jiing-Dwan , Yang Qingkai
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 46244; published online: 07 April 2017; updated: 26 May 2017 The Acknowledgements section in this Article is incomplete. “The authors thank Bingwen Lu for technical assistance with phosphoproteomic analysis. This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Nos 31471328 and 81622040 to Qingkai Yang).
Erratum: Enzyme discovery beyond homology: a unique hydroxynitrile lyase in the Bet v1 superfamily
Authors: Lanfranchi Elisa , Pavkov-Keller Tea , Koehler Eva-Maria , Diepold Matthias , Steiner Kerstin , Darnhofer Barbara , Hartler Jürgen , Bergh Tom Van Den , Joosten Henk-Jan , Gruber-Khadjawi Mandana , Thallinger Gerhard G. , Birner-Gruenberger Ruth , Gruber Karl , Winkler Margit , Glieder Anton
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 46738; published online: 03 May 2017; updated: 26 May 2017 The original version of this Article contained errors. In the Introduction section, “Finally there is a number of characterized HNLs with yet unpublished amino acid sequences and protein folds, for example, PatHNL (Prunus amygdalus turcomanica)25, ParsHNL (Prunus armeniaca L.
Correction: Corrigendum: 1000 Genomes-based meta-analysis identifies 10 novel loci for kidney function
Authors: Gorski Mathias , Most Peter J. van der , Teumer Alexander , Chu Audrey Y. , Li Man , Mijatovic Vladan , Nolte Ilja M. , Cocca Massimiliano , Taliun Daniel , Gomez Felicia , Li Yong , Tayo Bamidele , Tin Adrienne , Feitosa Mary F. , Aspelund Thor , Attia John , Biffar Reiner , Bochud Murielle , Boerwinkle Eric , Borecki Ingrid , Bottinger Erwin P. , Chen Ming-Huei , Chouraki Vincent , Ciullo Marina , Coresh Josef , Cornelis Marilyn C. , Curhan Gary C. , Adamo Adamo Pio d’ , Dehghan Abbas , Dengler Laura , Ding Jingzhong , Eiriksdottir Gudny , Endlich Karlhans , Enroth Stefan , Esko Tõnu , Franco Oscar H. , Gasparini Paolo , Gieger Christian , Girotto Giorgia , Gottesman Omri , Gudnason Vilmundur , Gyllensten Ulf , Hancock Stephen J. , Harris Tamara B. , Helmer Catherine , Höllerer Simon , Hofer Edith , Hofman Albert , Holliday Elizabeth G. , Homuth Georg , Hu Frank B. , Huth Cornelia , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Hwang Shih-Jen , Imboden Medea , Johansson Åsa , Kähönen Mika , König Wolfgang , Kramer Holly , Krämer Bernhard K. , Kumar Ashish , Kutalik Zoltan , Lambert Jean-Charles , Launer Lenore J. , Lehtimäki Terho , de Borst Martin H. , Navis Gerjan , Swertz Morris , Liu Yongmei , Lohman Kurt , Loos Ruth J. F. , Lu Yingchang , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , McEvoy Mark A. , Meisinger Christa , Meitinger Thomas , Metspalu Andres , Metzger Marie , Mihailov Evelin , Mitchell Paul , Nauck Matthias , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Olden Matthias , WJH Penninx Brenda , Pistis Giorgio , Pramstaller Peter P. , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Raitakari Olli T. , Rettig Rainer , Ridker Paul M. , Rivadeneira Fernando , Robino Antonietta , Rosas Sylvia E. , Ruderfer Douglas , Ruggiero Daniela , Saba Yasaman , Sala Cinzia , Schmidt Helena , Schmidt Reinhold , Scott Rodney J. , Sedaghat Sanaz , Smith Albert V. , Sorice Rossella , Stengel Benedicte , Stracke Sylvia , Strauch Konstantin , Toniolo Daniela , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Ulivi Sheila , Viikari Jorma S. , Völker Uwe , Vollenweider Peter , Völzke Henry , Vuckovic Dragana , Waldenberger Melanie , Wang Jie Jin , Yang Qiong , Chasman Daniel I. , Tromp Gerard , Snieder Harold , Heid Iris M. , Fox Caroline S. , Köttgen Anna , Pattaro Cristian , Böger Carsten A. , Fuchsberger Christian
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 45040; published online: 28 April 2017; updated: 26 May 2017 The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Martin H. de Borst, which was incorrectly given as Martin de Borst. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Correction: Corrigendum: Diabetes Onset at 31–45 Years of Age is Associated with an Increased Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zou Wenjun , Ni Lisha , Lu Qianyi , Zou Chen , Zhao Minjie , Xu Xun , Chen Haibing , Zheng Zhi
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 38113; published online: 29 November 2016; updated: 26 May 2017 The original version of this Article incorrectly included Haibing Chen as a corresponding author. This error has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of this Article.
Correction: Nitro-redox reactions at a frustrated borane/phosphane Lewis pair
Authors: Chen Guo-Qiang , Kehr Gerald , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Erker Gerhard
Published: May 2017

Correction for ‘Nitro-redox reactions at a frustrated borane/phosphane Lewis pair’ by Guo-Qiang Chen et al., Dalton Trans., 2016, 45, 6820–6823.
Correction: Phosphine-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reaction of naphthols with para-quinone methides: expedient access to triarylmethanes
Authors: Zhou Tao , Li Shenhuan , Huang Ben , Li Cao , Zhao Yang , Chen Jieqiong , Chen Aoling , Xiao Yuanjin , Liu Lu , Zhang Junliang
Published: May 2017

Correction for ‘Phosphine-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reaction of naphthols with para-quinone methides: expedient access to triarylmethanes’ by Tao Zhou et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00911a.
TINCR expression is associated with unfavorable prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tian Feng , Xu Jian , Xue Fangxi , Guan Encui , Xu Xiaoguang
Published: May 2017

Emerging evidence are accumulating that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been identified to participate in various cellular processes. Terminal differentiation induced ncRNA (TINCR) is a newly identified lncRNA with its functional roles not fully elucidated in human malignancy. The current study aims to identify the clinical significance of TINCR in prognosis and malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TINCR expression in HCC specimens at various stages of tumorigenesis were measured by quantitative real-time RT PCR (qRT-PCR). The matched para-carcinoma tissues were used as controls. The associations of TINCR with clinicopathological characteristics, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients were further evaluated. Results revealed that high TINCR expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.005), tumor differentiation status (P=0.017), TNM stage (P=0.010), and vascular invasion (P=0.004). Moreover, Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that TINCR was correlated to both DFS and OS in HCC cohorts. Patients with high TINCR expression tended to have worse prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that TINCR was an independent poor prognostic indicator for DFS (HR =1.32, 95% CI: 1.00–1.57, P=0.000) and OS (HR =1.57, 95% CI: 1.30–1.86, P=0.004) in HCC. TINCR was demonstrated as a direct target of miR-137 and miR-133a, and was suppressed by miR-137/miR-133a. These results provide the first evidence that the expression of TINCR in HCC may play an oncogenic role in HCC differentiation, invasion, and metastasis. miR-137/miR-133a-TINCR pathway may serve as a promising target for tumor recurrence and prognosis of patients with HCC.
Conditions for experimental observation of the critical behavior of the longitudinal and Hall resistance in the quantum Hall regime in gallium and indium arsenide-based heterostructures
Authors: Klepikova A. S. , Arapov Yu. G. , Gudina S. V. , Neverov V. N. , Harus G. I. , Shelushinina N. G. , Yakunin M. V. , Zvonkov B. N.
Published: May 2017

The longitudinal and Hall resistivity in the quantum Hall effect (QHE) regime for n-InGaAs/GaAs nanostructures with a single and double quantum wells was studied at B = (0–16) T and T = (0.05–4.2) K, before and after IR-illumination. The features of the critical behavior of the longitudinal and Hall conductance in the QHE plateau-to-plateau transition regions were studied to identify the conditions of experimental observation of the scaling regime. The temperature dependences of the width of QHE plateau-to-plateau transitions were analyzed based on the two-parameter scaling theory.
Insulator-quantum Hall transition in n-InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures
Authors: Savelyev A. P. , Gudina S. V. , Arapov Yu. G. , Neverov V. N. , Podgonykh S. M. , Yakunin M. V.
Published: May 2017

The longitudinal ρxx(B,T) and Hall ρxy(B,T) resistances in magnetic fields B up to 12 T at temperatures T = 1.8–80 K are studied experimentally in n-In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs nanostructures with single and double strongly-coupled quantum wells separated by different barrier widths. It is shown that for ωcτ≅1 there is a critical magnetic field near which the scaling relation ρxx∝|B−BC|T−κ, which is indicative of a phase transition from a dielectric state to a quantum hall state, is satisfied. It is found that the critical index κ depends on the width of the barrier between the double quantum wells. The nature of this behavior is discussed.
The effects of illumination on the mobility of 2D electrons during scattering by a correlated distribution of impurity ions
Authors: Mikheev V. M.
Published: May 2017

The impact of illumination on the mobility of 2D electrons during scattering by a non-equilibrium correlated distribution of impurity atoms is investigated, based on the example of the AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs heterostructure. It is shown that sample backlighting at sufficiently high temperatures leads to the suppression of the “electron conductivity inversion” effect.
Identification of Novel Sources of Resistance to Sclerotinia Basal Stalk Rot in South African Sunflower Germplasm
Authors: Seiler Gerald J. , Misar Christopher G. , Gulya Thomas J. , Underwood William R. , Flett Bradley C. , Gilley Michelle A. , Markell Samuel G.
Published: May 2017

Sclerotinia basal stalk rot (BSR) is a serious fungal disease that reduces yield of global sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production. Because limited chemical and biological controls of BSR are available and the present-day hybrids lack sufficient resistance, identification of new sources of resistance is needed to manage the disease in the future. A total of 59 cultivated oilseed sunflower accessions from the Agricultural Research Council, Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom, South Africa sunflower collection were evaluated for resistance to BSR in artificially inoculated field trials. Nine accessions from the South African sunflower collection were identified with a disease incidence less than or equal to the moderately resistant sunflower oilseed hybrid. These lines can be used in breeding programs to introgress the genes for resistance to Sclerotinia BSR into other adapted lines, providing a more efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly host plant resistance.
A mouse model for pain and neuroplastic changes associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Selvaraj Deepitha , Hirth Michael , Gandla Jagadeesh , Kuner Rohini
Published: May 2017

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to be one of the deadliest human malignancies and is associated with excruciating pain, which is a serious complication and severely impacts the quality of life in patients. In human patients, poor survival prognosis is linked to remarkable remodeling of intrapancreatic nerves, which, in turn, is correlated to increased pain intensity. Understanding mechanisms underlying pain associated with PDAC has been hampered by the lack of animal models which replicate all germane aspects of the disease and importantly, enable analyses of pain associated with PDAC. In this study, we describe an immunocompetent orthotopic mouse model of PDAC involving intrapancreatic growth of K8484 mouse PDAC cells, which reliably exhibits a large number of key characteristics of human PDAC, including its unique histopathology and neuroplastic changes. We observed that tumor-bearing mice demonstrated significant abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity to von Frey stimuli as well as on-going pain in the conditioned place preference paradigm. Moreover, a myriad of other behavioral tests revealed that indicators of overall well-being were significantly reduced in tumor-bearing mice as compared to sham mice. Morphological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed structural remodeling in several different types of sensory and autonomic nerve fibers. Finally, perineural invasion of tumor cells, a cardinal manifestation in human PDAC, was also observed in our orthotopic mouse model. Thus, we describe a validated tumor model for quantitatively testing hypersensitivity and pain in PDAC, which lays a crucial basis for interrogating tumor-nerve interactions and the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying pain in PDAC.
Autism and healthcare
Authors: Preißmann Christine
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Many autistic people do not have any access to healthcare services or they experience significant barriers to navigating the healthcare system. The purpose of this paper is to represent a significant concern in almost every healthcare setting, including specialized doctors and psychotherapists, outpatient medical care, access to preventive treatments (e.g. information on health and hygiene, vaccinations and early diagnostic screenings) and treatments in hospitals for emergency medical care. Therefore, it is necessary to provide professionals with guidelines and knowledge and to establish concepts for the participation of autistic people also with respect to adequate healthcare.

Design/methodology/approach

As a doctor and autistic person, the author’s training and personal experiences have provided the author with a unique perspective on this topic. It has also given the author an important opportunity to provide recommendations on ways to improve access to appropriate medical services for autistic individuals, improve communication between healthcare providers and autistic individuals and improve overall experiences within the healthcare and medical setting.

Findings

The paper provides information about the shortcoming of the healthcare system for autistic people, problems and barriers to access the healthcare system and for assessment and treatment and offers various suggestions to overcome these restrictions.

Originality/value

This paper is of special value as it is written by a medical doctor who has the diagnosis of ASD herself since she is 27. This combination of professional background on one side and person with ASD on the other side is of special value to permeate the topic.