bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First record of Albatrellus (Russulales, Albatrellaceae) from Thailand
Authors: VADTHANARAT SANTHITI , LUMYONG SAISAMORN , RASPÉ OLIVIER
Published: August 2017

The genus Albatrellus, mostly known from temperate zones in North America, Europe and some Asian countries, is unusual among Russulales in having a poroid hymenophore, as other Albatrellaceae. Albatrellus is reported here for the first time from Thailand, with macro- and micromorphological descriptions and supporting illustrations. Molecular analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) confirmed that our collection is closely related to Albatrellus subrubescens, but genetic distances suggest that it could be a new species. More collections are needed from Thailand or neighboring countries to firmly establish its taxonomic identity. DNA sequencing of ectomycorrhized root tips, with both ITS (to identify the fungal partner) and psbA-trnH (to identify the plant partner) demonstrated that Pinus kesiya was the ectomycorrhizal host of the Thai collection of Albatrellus.
Tuberculina photiniae sp. nov. (Helicobasidiales, Basidiomycota) supported by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic data
Authors: ZHAO YU-MEI , XIE JIN , LI MENG-JIE , ZHU LING , ZHOU TONG-XIN , CHEN YU-HUI
Published: August 2017

A new mycoparasitic fungal species, Tuberculina photiniae sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by its depressed hemispherical pale lilac to greyish purple sporodochia breaking through leaf surfaces, septated conidiophores with vinaceous lower parts and colourless upper parts, and the presence of colourless globose, subglobose or scarcely wide-ellipsoid conidia. Sequences of ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data of ITS sequences showed that Tuberculina photiniae belongs to the Tuberculina-Helicobasidium clade and is closely related to H. longisporum and H. mompa. Further investigation was carried out for representative taxa in the Tuberculina-Helicobasidium group based on ITS+nLSU sequences in which the results demonstrated that the new species formed a monophyletic lineage and grouped with H. longisporum and H. mompa. Both morphological and molecular evidence confirmed the placement of the new species in the Tuberculina-Helicobasidium clade.
Aporpium miniporum, a new polyporoid species with vertically septate basidia from southern China
Authors: WU FANG , ZHOU LI-WEI , YUAN YUAN , DAI YU-CHENG
Published: August 2017

Vertically septate basidium is rarely present in polyporoid fungal species. In this study, Aporpium miniporum is newly described from Hainan, southern China based on a combination of morphological and ITS-based phylogenetic evidence. This new species is close to Aporpium dimidiatum and A. efibulatum from both morphological and phylogenetic perspectives. Aporpium miniporum differs from A. dimidiatum by its resupinate, effuse-reflexed to pileate basidiocarps, smaller pores and smaller allantoid basidiospores. Aporpium efibulatum is also known from Hainan, but bears resupinate basidiocarps, larger pores and ellipsoid basidiospores.
The identity of Ligularia chekiangensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae)
Authors: WANG LONG , REN CHEN , YANG QIN-ER
Published: August 2017

Ligularia chekiangensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) is considered to be conspecific with L. fischeri and is synonymized.
Calanthe wuxiensis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae), a new species from Chongqing, China
Authors: YU FENG-QIONG , DENG HONG-PING , WANG QIAN , YANG ZHI-MING
Published: August 2017

Calanthe wuxiensis, a new species from Chongqing, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically reminiscent of C. ecarinata and C. tricarinata, from which it differs in having white lip, lateral lobes long rectangular, apex gradually expand, middle lobe disk with three dark yellow short-crests.
Systematics and taxonomy of Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817) in Central Europe and the Balkans
Authors: SACHANOWICZ KONRAD , PISKORSKI MICHAŁ , TEREBA ANNA
Published: August 2017

We examined selected external characteristics and measurements of Pipistrellus k. kuhlii and P. k. lepidus representatives from the Balkans and Central Europe, whose ranges have rapidly expanded over the past few decades. We also sequenced and analysed two mitochondrial (16S and COI genes) and one nuclear (RAG2) markers of these two bat morphotypes to determine haplotype diversity and distribution patterns with a wider geographic perspective. We found that bats of the two taxa differed markedly with regard to the overall body coloration, size (P. k. lepidus is larger than P. k. kuhlii), extent and shape of the pale wing margin, and penis coloration, a finding which seems to be of diagnostic value, similarly to other Pipistrellus species. No polymorphism in RAG2 marker was found, but in both mtDNA markers we detected different haplotypes characteristic for both taxa, corresponding to morphological and morphometric patterns established in this study. Our genetic analysis results confirmed a clear division into two phylogenetic lineages and may indicate their allopatric speciation and a very recent simultaneous expansion to the Balkans and Central Europe from the Mediterranean region (P. kuhlii/deserti) and south-west Asia across eastern Europe (P. k. lepidus). We also show that P. k. lepidus distribution is wider than previously reported, and that the ranges of P. k. lepidus and P. k. kuhlii have already contacted in Central Europe.
The larvae of Silo chrisiammos Malicky 1984 and Lithax musaca Malicky 1972 (Trichoptera: Goeridae), including a key to the Goeridae larvae of the Eastern and Hellenic western Balkan regions
Authors: WARINGER JOHANN , GRAF WOLFRAM , SIPAHILER FÜSUN , MALICKY HANS
Published: August 2017

The paper gives a description of the hitherto unknown larvae of Silo chrisiammos Malicky 1984 and Lithax musaca Malicky 1972 (Trichoptera: Goeridae). Information on the morphology of the larvae is given and the most important diagnostic features are illustrated. In the context of published keys, both larvae belong to the group of goerid species with 6 mesonotal and 8 metanotal sclerites. Within this group, both species can be easily diagnosed by their unique pronotum morphology: The nose-like hump of S. chrisiammos descends stepwise posteriorly and stays clear of the caudal pronotal border, whereas in L. musaca the ridgelike hump descends gradually and touches the posterior pronotal border at center; in addition, in both species pronotal muscle attachment spots are not bordered by dark-pigmented dots. With respect to distribution, S. chrisiammos is a micro-endemic of the Greek Cyclades island of Andros whereas L. musaca is known from Anatolia, the European part of Turkey and Bulgaria. In addition, ecological characteristics are briefly discussed, and a key to the Goeridae larvae of European Ecoregions 6 and 7 (Hellenic western Balkan and Eastern Balkan regions) is included.
Sycidiphaga, a new genus of Sycophaginae Walker, 1975 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae) associated with Ficus subgenus Sycidium in southern China
Authors: LIU YANG , RASPLUS JEAN-YVES , NOORT SIMON VAN , LI ZI , HUANG DAWEI
Published: August 2017

A new genus of Sycophaginae (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), Sycidiphaga Liu, Rasplus & Huang n. gen., is described with a single new species, S. cyrtophyllae Liu, Rasplus & Huang n. sp. This species was discovered in Yun Nan and Gui Zhou, China and is associated with Ficus cyrtophylla (Moraceae, Ficus, subgenus Sycidium). The new taxon is readily distinguished from other genera of Sycophaginae by: 1) the presence of a conspicuous interantennal blade-like projection that extends well above the level of the toruli; 2) an inflated parastigma surrounded by a slight infuscation of the wing membrane; 3) the presence of a long and conspicuous median sulcus on the male pronotum; and 4) the presence of dense and long pilosity on the wings. Illustrations and a diagnosis and description of Sycidiphaga are provided, as is a key to the world genera of Sycophaginae. The phylogenetic position of Sycidiphaga was demonstrated through sequencing four gene regions of COI, Cyt b, 28s D3-D5 and EF-1α genes and conducting a phylogenetic analysis of available sequences for the subfamily. Sycidiphaga cannot be placed with confidence within Sycophaginae but several discussed characters suggest a close relationship with Idarnes Walker and Sycophaga Westwood. Interactive Lucid identification keys are available online at www.figweb.org.
New species and records of Lesteva Latreille, 1797 from China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini)
Authors: SHAVRIN ALEXEY V.
Published: August 2017

New morphological and faunistic data for eight Chinese species of the genus Lesteva Latreille, 1797 are provided. Two new species are described and illustrated: L. (s.str.) jaechi sp.n. (Guangdong, Yao Shan) and L. (s.str.) schoenmanni sp.n. (Hubei, Shennongjia). The following new synonymy is established: L. (s.str.) dabashanensis Rougemont, 2000 = L. michaeli Rougemont, 2017 syn.n. New provincial records of L. (s.str.) cooteri for Jiangxi and Hubei, L. (s.str.) dabashanensis for Sichuan and Gansu, L. (s.str.) rufopunctata rufopunctata Rougemont, 2000 for Yunnan, and L. (s.str.) pulcherrima for Hubei are provided. The distribution of L. (s.str.) cooteri, L. (s.str.) dabashanensis, L. (s.str.) elegantula, L. (s.str.) pulcherrima and L. (s.str.) rufopunctata rufopunctata are mapped.
What is the Uncertainty in Degree-Day Projections due to Different Calibration Methodologies?
Authors: Holmes Caroline , Tett Simon , Butler Adam
Published: August 2017

Degree-days are a temperature index used for understanding the impact of climate change. Different methods to deal with climate model biases, termed bias correction or more generally calibration, yield different projections of such indices, something not widely understood for temperature indices in many impact sectors. An analytical expression is derived for the expected value of degree-days given parameters of the underlying statistical distribution (assumed to be Gaussian). It is demonstrated that the uncertainty introduced by calibration methodology is driven by the magnitude of the nonlinearity in this expression. In a climate where mean temperature is, and remains, far from (approximately three standard deviations) the threshold used in defining the index, the equation is approximately linear, and methodological choice makes little difference relative to the absolute number of degree-days. However, case studies for U.K. cities London and Glasgow for heating and cooling degree-days (HDD and CDD; these are degree-day indices used in the estimation of energy use for heating and cooling buildings) demonstrate that, when temperatures are close to the threshold, unrealistic results may arise if appropriate calibration is not performed. Seasonally varying temperature biases in the 11-member perturbed parameter ensemble HadRM3 are discussed, and different calibration strategies are applied to this ensemble. For projections of U.K. HDD, the difference between results from simple and advanced methodologies is relatively small, as the expression for HDD is approximately linear in many months and locations. For U.K. CDD, an inappropriate method has a large relative impact on projections because of the proximity to the threshold. In both cases, the uncertainty caused by methodology is comparable to that caused by ensemble spread.
On the Relationship between Regional Ocean Heat Content and Sea Surface Height
Authors: Fasullo John T. , Gent Peter R.
Published: August 2017

An accurate diagnosis of ocean heat content (OHC) is essential for interpreting climate variability and change, as evidenced for example by the broad range of hypotheses that exists for explaining the recent hiatus in global mean surface warming. Potential insights are explored here by examining relationships between OHC and sea surface height (SSH) in observations and two recently available large ensembles of climate model simulations from the mid-twentieth century to 2100. It is found that in decadal-length observations and a model control simulation with constant forcing, strong ties between OHC and SSH exist, with little temporal or spatial complexity. Agreement is particularly strong on monthly to interannual time scales. In contrast, in forced transient warming simulations, important dependencies in the relationship exist as a function of region and time scale. Near Antarctica, low-frequency SSH variability is driven mainly by changes in the circumpolar current associated with intensified surface winds, leading to correlations between OHC and SSH that are weak and sometimes negative. In subtropical regions, and near other coastal boundaries, negative correlations are also evident on long time scales and are associated with the accumulated effects of changes in the water cycle and ocean dynamics that underlie complexity in the OHC relationship to SSH. Low-frequency variability in observations is found to exhibit similar negative correlations. Combined with altimeter data, these results provide evidence that SSH increases in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans during the hiatus are suggestive of substantial OHC increases. Methods for developing the applicability of altimetry as a constraint on OHC more generally are also discussed.
Patient autonomy and doctor’s concern – a case of intravenous drug abuser
Authors: Atreya Alok , Kanchan Tanuj , Shah Rajeev K
Published: August 2017

Intravenous substance abuse is often associated with physical and psychological harm, and often requires urgent medical attention. We report a case of a young male who presented with life-threatening complications of intravenous drug abuse, but refused to give details or agree to the proposed treatment, raising concerns for the team of doctors. A compos mentis patient has a right to decide what should be done to his body. Medical management or surgical interventions cannot be initiated without the patient’s consent even if these are lifesaving procedures, or a procedure meant to benefit the patient. Medical practitioner can be liable for assault (criminal law), medical negligence (law of tort), damages (civil action) and even human rights issues may be raised if a patient’s autonomy is not respected.
18FDG PET/CT in Routine Surveillance of Asymptomatic Patients following Treatment of Sinonasal Neoplasms
Authors: Workman Alan D. , Glicksman Jordan T. , Parasher Arjun K. , Carey Ryan M. , Brooks Steven G. , Kennedy David W. , Nabavizadeh Seyed A. , Learned Kim O. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D.
Published: August 2017

Objective

Sinonasal neoplasms have a high rate of recurrence following treatment, and current guidelines support the use of a variety of surveillance techniques. Recent work demonstrates that performance parameters of surveillance modalities may differ with sinonasal tumors in particular when compared with head and neck tumors overall. This study aims to characterize the value of 18fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as a screening tool in asymptomatic patients.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania hospital.

Methods

Records of asymptomatic patients without suspicious endoscopy or suspicious imaging other than PET during the first 3 years following definitive treatment for sinonasal malignancy were screened and analyzed for inclusion in the cohort. Disease recurrence was determined by biopsy following suspicious PET evaluation.

Results

PET/CT scans (n = 111) were performed for 45 disease‐free asymptomatic patients with no evidence of disease on endoscopy, and 6.3% were suspicious and prompted biopsy during this period, revealing 3 cases of disease recurrence. Overall specificity for PET/CT alone was 96.3% (95% CI, 90.7%‐99.0%), with a negative predictive value of 99% (95% CI, 94.8%‐100%). All recurrences were detected between 7 and 12 months, and all patients with true recurrence diagnosed by PET/CT had extrasinonasal involvement of tumor at the time of surgery.

Conclusion

We examined performance parameters of 18FDG PET/CT in asymptomatic patients with no evidence of disease on endoscopy during the posttreatment period for sinonasal malignancy. The ability of PET/CT to detect recurrences that may be missed by structural imaging or endoscopy makes it a valuable tool for clinicians.
Measurement of the normal feline pituitary gland in brachycephalic and mesocephalic cats
Authors: Häußler Thomas Christian , von Pückler Kerstin Heike , Thiel Cetina , Enderlein Sylke , Failing Klaus , Ondreka Nele , Kramer Martin , Schmidt Martin Jürgen
Published: August 2017

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in normal feline pituitary dimensions in brachycephalic and mesocephalic cats as a basis for establishing cryohypophysectomy in cats.

Methods

Measurements were performed on sagittal T2-weighted and transverse post-gadolinium T1-weighted or T1 3D fast field echo-weighted MRI images. A total of 32 brachycephalic and 27 mesocephalic cats were examined. Inter-observer reproducibility was assessed by t-test and Bland–Altman analysis.

Results

The cats were 0.6–15.9 years of age with a body weight range of 1.84–6.60 kg. For brachycephalic cats, the mean pituitary gland sagittal height was 2.15 ± 0.15 mm, pituitary gland transverse height was 2.42 ± 0.21 mm, pituitary gland transverse width was 4.44 ± 0.27 mm and pituitary gland sagittal length was 3.14 ± 0.30 mm. In mesocephalic cats, the pituitary gland dimensions were 2.94 ± 0.16 mm, 3.09 ± 0.26 mm, 4.73 ± 0.31 mm and 4.88 ± 0.30 mm for pituitary gland sagittal height, transverse height, transverse width and sagittal length, respectively. There was a highly significant correlation between brachycephalic and mesocephalic cats and pituitary gland height and length ( P <0.0001), respectively. Sex also had an effect on pituitary gland measurements. Neutering status had no significant effect on hypophyseal measurements. Age had a significant influence on pituitary gland height, width and length in the brachycephalic population. Inter-observer reproducibility was good to excellent.

Conclusions and relevance

The different pituitary measurements in brachycephalic and mesocephalic cats has to be considered if surgery comes into question. There are ranges in pituitary gland sizes, even among the mesocephalic cat population. Thus, exact measuring of the pituitary gland is crucial before any surgical intervention.
Cyber threat assessment via attack scenario simulation using an integrated adversary and network modeling approach
Authors: Moskal Stephen , Yang Shanchieh Jay , Kuhl Michael E
Published: August 2017

Existing research on cyber threat assessment focuses on analyzing the network vulnerabilities and producing possible attack graphs. Cyber attacks in real-world enterprise networks, however, vary significantly due to not only network and system configurations, but also the attacker’s strategies. This work proposes a cyber-based attacker behavior model (ABM) in conjunction with the Cyber Attack Scenario and Network Defense Simulator to model the interaction between the network and the attackers. The ABM leverages a knowledge-based design and factors in the capability, opportunity, intent, preference, and Cyber Attack Kill Chain integration to model various types of attackers. By varying the types of attackers and the network configurations, and simulating their interactions, we present a method to measure the overall network security against cyber attackers under different scenarios. Simulation results based on four attacker types on two network configurations are shown to demonstrate how different attacker behaviors may lead to different ways to penetrate a network, and how a single misconfiguration may impact network security.
Dimension of pain-related quality of life and self-reported mental health in men and women of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer–Norfolk cohort: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Wiedemann Anna , Wood Adrian D , Luben Robert N , Vogel Daniel , Jones Gareth T , Khaw Kay-Tee , Myint Phyo K
Published: August 2017

Both cognitive and behavioural factors are linked to the experience of pain as well as its interference with quality of life. Psychological distress has been shown to be associated to several emotional and social impairments. Although, the association between pain and mental health has been widely discussed, the understanding of life interference and outcome is not fully understood. This study examined the association of pain dimension and mental health domain in 16,051 participants of the EPIC-Norfolk cohort (mean age = 58.9 ± 9.1 years). Study outcomes were depressive or anxious behaviour and limitations due to emotional problems and impairments in social functioning (mental functional health components of the Short Form-36 (SF-36)). Logistic regression models were constructed controlling for the potentially confounding factors including socio-economic variables (occupational social class, deprivation, marital status, education), lifestyle behaviour (physical activity, smoking, alcohol, dietary) and previous medical history. Strong interference in quality of life due to pain (bottom 20% of pain dimension score of SF-36) was significantly associated with poor MH in men and women (odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)): 1.35 (1.19, 1.54) and 1.39 (1.25, 1.55), respectively; p < 0.0001) in fully adjusted models. Moreover, strong interference due to pain was also significantly associated with poor overall MH including emotional and social functioning (ORs (95% CIs): 1.42 (1.25, 1.62) and 1.39 (1.25, 1.55) respectively; p < 0.0001) in fully adjusted models; subsidiary analysis using linear regression models demonstrated similar results for these domains. Although a strong association has been shown, further research is needed to provide information on the different site and/or causes of pain which would allow stratification. Moreover, assuming a bi-directional nature of both domains, systematic assessment and management of pain have a lot of potential to improve the MH-related quality of life in the general population and vice versa.
A Novel Lumbar Motion Segment Classification to Predict Changes in Segmental Sagittal Alignment After Lateral Interbody Fixation
Authors: Acosta Frank L. , Mehta Vivek A. , Arakelyan Anush , Drazin Doniel , Cortland Clarissa , Hsieh Patrick C. , Liu John C. , Pham Martin H.
Published: August 2017

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives:

Lateral interbody fixation is being increasingly used for the correction of segmental sagittal parameters. One factor that affects postoperative correction is the resistance afforded by posterior hypertrophic facet joints in the degenerative lumbar spine. In this article, we describe a novel preoperative motion segment classification system to predict postoperative correction of segmental sagittal alignment after lateral lumbar interbody fusion.

Methods:

Preoperative computed tomography scans were analyzed for segmental facet osseous anatomy for all patients undergoing lateral lumbar interbody fusion at 3 institutions. Each facet was assigned a facet grade (min = 0, max = 2), and the sum of the bilateral facet grades was the final motion segment grade (MSG; min = 0, max = 4). Preoperative and postoperative segmental lordosis was measured on standing lateral radiographs. Postoperative segmental lordosis was also conveyed as a percentage of the implanted graft lordosis (%GL). Simple linear regression was conducted to predict the postoperative segmental %GL according to MSG.

Results:

A total of 36 patients with 59 operated levels were identified. There were 19 levels with MSG 0, 14 levels with MSG 1, 13 levels with MSG 2, 8 levels with MSG 3, and 5 levels with MSG 4. Mean %GL was 115%, 90%, 77%, 43%, and 5% for MSG 0 to 4, respectively. MSG significantly predicted postoperative %GL ( P < .01). Each increase in MSG was associated with a 28% decrease in %GL.

Conclusions:

We propose a novel facet-based motion segment classification system that significantly predicted postoperative segmental lordosis after lateral lumbar interbody fusion.
CD177 modulates human neutrophil migration through activation-mediated integrin and chemoreceptor regulation
Authors: Bai Ming , Grieshaber-Bouyer Ricardo , Wang Junxia , Schmider Angela B. , Wilson Zachary S. , Zeng Liling , Halyabar Olha , Godin Matthew D. , Nguyen Hung N. , Levescot Anaïs , Cunin Pierre , Lefort Craig T. , Soberman Roy J. , Nigrovic Peter A.
Published: August 2017

Key Points

Ligation of CD177, a GPI-linked surface protein expressed selectively on neutrophils, blocks neutrophil migration independently of PECAM-1. Blockade reflects activation through β2 integrins, immobilizing cells via stronger integrin attachments and impaired chemokine signaling.
Evaluation of two cooling devices for construction workers by a thermal manikin
Authors: Miura Katsuhiro , Takagi Kenji , Ikematsu Kenji
Published: August 2017

Two kinds of wearable cooling devices were evaluated for their cooling effect by a thermal manikin. All measurements were conducted in a climatic chamber. The cooling fans worked almost 3 h. Their cooling effect was large at the head and had little effects on other parts of the manikin. They decreased the insulation of a typical clothing ensemble of outdoor workers in construction industries from 0.75 clo to 0.48 clo. The cooling vest for heat protective clothing mainly worked on the trunk. It did not have enough effect nor had steady cooling effect. But the vest worked as direct cooling device for the trunk. The effect of the fans to Standard Effective Temperature (SET) is evaluated by simulation. The difference of SETs between the case of the typical ensemble and the case with the cooling fans at 35 °C of the surrounding environment is 2.6 °C. The lower the surrounding temperature is, the larger the difference between SETs of different clothing insulation value is.
The draft genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrodictium delaneyi strain hulk, an iron and nitrate reducer, reveals the capacity for sulfate reduction
Authors: Demey Lucas M. , Miller Caitlin R. , Manzella Michael P , Spurbeck Rachel R. , Sandhu Sukhinder K. , Reguera Gemma , Kashefi Kazem
Published: August 2017

Pyrodictium delaneyi strain Hulk is a newly sequenced strain isolated from chimney samples collected from the Hulk sulfide mound on the main Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (47.9501 latitude, −129.0970 longitude, depth 2200 m) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. The draft genome of strain Hulk shared 99.77% similarity with the complete genome of the type strain Su06T, which shares with strain Hulk the ability to reduce iron and nitrate for respiration. The annotation of the genome of strain Hulk identified genes for the reduction of several sulfur-containing electron acceptors, an unsuspected respiratory capability in this species that was experimentally confirmed for strain Hulk. This makes P. delaneyi strain Hulk the first hyperthermophilic archaeon known to gain energy for growth by reduction of iron, nitrate, and sulfur-containing electron acceptors. Here we present the most notable features of the genome of P. delaneyi strain Hulk and identify genes encoding proteins critical to its respiratory versatility at high temperatures. The description presented here corresponds to a draft genome sequence containing 2,042,801 bp in 9 contigs, 2019 protein-coding genes, 53 RNA genes, and 1365 hypothetical genes.
The influence of sex steroid hormones on the response to trauma and burn injury
Authors: Al-Tarrah K , Moiemen N , Lord JM
Published: August 2017

Trauma and related sequelae result in disturbance of homeostatic mechanisms frequently leading to cellular dysfunction and ultimately organ and system failure. Regardless of the type and severity of injury, gender dimorphism in outcomes following trauma have been reported, with females having lower mortality than males, suggesting that sex steroid hormones (SSH) play an important role in the response of body systems to trauma. In addition, several clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the effects of SSH on the clinical course and outcomes following injury. Animal studies have reported the ability of SSH to modulate immune, inflammatory, metabolic and organ responses following traumatic injury. This indicates that homeostatic mechanisms, via direct and indirect pathways, can be maintained by SSH at local and systemic levels and hence result in more favourable prognosis. Here, we discuss the role and mechanisms by which SSH modulates the response of the body to injury by maintaining various processes and organ functions. Such properties of sex hormones represent potential novel therapeutic strategies and further our understanding of current therapies used following injury such as oxandrolone in burn-injured patients.
Fertility Preservation and Sexual Health After Cancer Therapy
Authors: Pereira Nigel , Schattman Glenn L.
Published: August 2017

Recent developments in cancer diagnostics and treatments have considerably improved long-term survival rates. Despite improvements in chemotherapy regimens, more focused radiotherapy and diverse surgical options, cancer treatments often have gonadotoxic side-effects that can manifest as loss of fertility or sexual dysfunction, particularly in young cancer survivors. In this review, we focus on two pertinent quality-of-life issues in female cancer survivors of reproductive age—fertility preservation and sexual function. Fertility preservation encompasses all clinical and laboratory efforts to preserve a woman’s chance to achieve future genetic motherhood. These efforts range from well-established protocols such as ovarian stimulation with cryopreservation of embryos or oocytes, to nascent clinical trials involving cryopreservation and re-implantation of ovarian tissue. Therefore, fertility preservation strategies are individualized to the cancer diagnosis, time interval until initiation of treatments must begin, prognosis, pubertal status, and maturity level of patient. Some patients choose not to pursue fertility preservation, and the conversation then centers around other quality of life issues. Not all cancer treatments cause loss of fertility; however, most treatments can directly impact the physical and psychosocial aspects of sexual function. Cancer treatment is also associated with fear, anxiety, and depression, which can further decrease sexual desire, function, and frequency. Sexual dysfunction after cancer treatment is generally ascertained by compassionate inquiry. Strategies to promote sexual function after cancer treatment include pelvic floor exercises, clitoral therapy devices, pharmacologic agents, as well as couples-based psychotherapeutic and psycho-educational interventions. Quality-of-life issues in young cancer survivors are often best addressed by utilizing a multidisciplinary team consisting of physicians, nurses, social workers, psychiatrists, sex educators, counselors, or therapists.
Anti-Trans Optics: Recognition, Opacity, and the Image of Force
Authors: Stanley Eric A.
Published: August 2017

This essay opens with a reading of a closed-circuit television scene of Duanna Johnson, a black transgender woman who was brutally beaten by Mississippi police while in their custody in 2009. Through this video, I center the question of representation's form, not just its content, as constituted by anti-trans and anti-black optics. Against this scene stands Time magazine naming 2014 as the “Trans Tipping Point.” I trace how positive representation, which is to say the methodology of assimilation, is offered as the primary, and perhaps exclusive, space of struggle. In contrast, through Édouard Glissant, I develop the idea of trans opacity that knows the constitutive power of the image while attending to its foreclosing violence.
Transfeminine Brokenness, Radical Transfeminism
Authors: Raha Nat
Published: August 2017

The affects of transfeminine life and their relationship to the material conditions undergirding such life are undertheorized in transgender studies and queer studies. This creative and critical essay conceptualizes transfeminine brokenness through negative experiences and emotions, drawing connections between such negative states to transmisogyny and material precarity. The essay intends to politicize transfeminine brokenness for a radical transfeminism. It argues that the material basis of transfeminine brokenness involves the marginalization of the labor of trans women and trans feminine people within a radicalized and gendered division of labor under capitalism alongside transmisogyny within queer, trans, and feminist spaces and communities.
Linking the environment, DAF-7/TGFβ signaling and LAG-2/DSL ligand expression in the germline stem cell niche
Authors: Pekar Olga , Ow Maria C. , Hui Kailyn Y. , Noyes Marcus B. , Hall Sarah E. , Hubbard E. Jane Albert
Published: August 2017

The developmental accumulation of proliferative germ cells in the C. elegans hermaphrodite is sensitive to the organismal environment. Previously, we found that the TGFβ signaling pathway links the environment and proliferative germ cell accumulation. Neuronal DAF-7/TGFβ causes a DAF-1/TGFβR signaling cascade in the gonadal distal tip cell (DTC), the germline stem cell niche, where it negatively regulates a DAF-3 SMAD and DAF-5 Sno-Ski. LAG-2, a founding DSL ligand family member, is produced in the DTC and activates the GLP-1/Notch receptor on adjacent germ cells to maintain germline stem cell fate. Here, we show that DAF-7/TGFβ signaling promotes expression of lag-2 in the DTC in a daf-3-dependent manner. Using ChIP and one-hybrid assays, we find evidence for direct interaction between DAF-3 and the lag-2 promoter. We further identify a 25 bp DAF-3 binding element required for the DTC lag-2 reporter response to the environment and to DAF-7/TGFβ signaling. Our results implicate DAF-3 repressor complex activity as a key molecular mechanism whereby the environment influences DSL ligand expression in the niche to modulate developmental expansion of the germline stem cell pool.
H2Av facilitates H3S10 phosphorylation but is not required for heat shock-induced chromatin decondensation or transcriptional elongation
Authors: Li Yeran , Wang Chao , Cai Weili , Sengupta Saheli , Zavortink Michael , Deng Huai , Girton Jack , Johansen Jørgen , Johansen Kristen M.
Published: August 2017

A model has been proposed in which JIL-1 kinase-mediated H3S10 and H2Av phosphorylation is required for transcriptional elongation and heat shock-induced chromatin decondensation. However, here we show that although H3S10 phosphorylation is indeed compromised in the H2Av null mutant, chromatin decondensation at heat shock loci is unaffected in the absence of JIL-1 as well as of H2Av and that there is no discernable decrease in the elongating form of RNA polymerase II in either mutant. Furthermore, mRNA for the major heat shock protein Hsp70 is transcribed at robust levels in both H2Av and JIL-1 null mutants. Using a different chromatin remodeling paradigm that is JIL-1 dependent, we provide evidence that ectopic tethering of JIL-1 and subsequent H3S10 phosphorylation recruits PARP-1 to the remodeling site independently of H2Av phosphorylation. These data strongly suggest that H2Av or H3S10 phosphorylation by JIL-1 is not required for chromatin decondensation or transcriptional elongation in Drosophila.
Wilms' tumour 1 (WT1) in development, homeostasis and disease
Authors: Hastie Nicholas D.
Published: August 2017

The study of genes mutated in human disease often leads to new insights into biology as well as disease mechanisms. One such gene is Wilms’ tumour 1 (WT1), which plays multiple roles in development, tissue homeostasis and disease. In this Primer, I summarise how this multifaceted gene functions in various mammalian tissues and organs, including the kidney, gonads, heart and nervous system. This is followed by a discussion of our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which WT1 and its two major isoforms regulate these processes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
An interview with Jenny Nichols
Authors: Maartens Aidan
Published: August 2017

Jennifer Nichols is a Principal Investigator at the Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge, UK. Her lab works on lineage segregation and the establishment of pluripotency in the mammalian embryo. In 2017 she was awarded the British Society for Developmental Biology's Cheryll Tickle Medal, given to mid-career female scientists with outstanding achievements in developmental biology. We met Jenny in her Cambridge office to talk about pluripotency in vitro and in vivo, the importance of collaboration in her career path, and what playing a musical instrument has in common with research.
The Drosophila LC8 homolog cut up specifies the axonal transport of proteasomes
Authors: Kreko-Pierce Tabita , Eaton Benjamin A.
Published: August 2017

Because of their functional polarity and elongated morphologies, microtubule-based transport of proteins and organelles is critical for normal neuronal function. The proteasome is required throughout the neuron for the highly regulated degradation of a broad set of protein targets whose functions underlie key physiological responses, including synaptic plasticity and axonal degeneration. Molecularly, the relationship between proteasome transport and the transport of the targets of proteasomes is unclear. The dynein motor complex is required for the microtubule-based motility of numerous proteins and organelles in neurons. Here, we demonstrate that microtubule-based transport of proteasomes within the neuron in Drosophila utilizes a different dynein light chain to that used by synaptic proteins. Live imaging of proteasomes and synaptic vesicle proteins in axons and synapses finds that these cargoes traffic independently, and that proteasomes exhibit significantly reduced retrograde transport velocities compared to those of synaptic vesicle proteins. Genetic and biochemical analyses reveals that the Drosophila homolog of the LC8 dynein light chains (mammalian DYNLL1 and DYNLL2), called Cut up, binds proteasomes and functions specifically during their transport. These data support the model that Cut up functions to specify the dynein-mediated transport of neuronal proteasomes.
Rapid RNase L–driven arrest of protein synthesis in the dsRNA response without degradation of translation machinery
Authors: Donovan Jesse , Rath Sneha , Kolet-Mandrikov David , Korennykh Alexei
Published: August 2017

Mammalian cells respond to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) by activating a translation-inhibiting endoribonuclease, RNase L. Consensus in the field indicates that RNase L arrests protein synthesis by degrading ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). However, here we provide evidence for a different and far more efficient mechanism. By sequencing abundant RNA fragments generated by RNase L in human cells, we identify site-specific cleavage of two groups of noncoding RNAs: Y-RNAs, whose function is poorly understood, and cytosolic tRNAs, which are essential for translation. Quantitative analysis of human RNA cleavage versus nascent protein synthesis in lung carcinoma cells shows that RNase L stops global translation when tRNAs, as well as rRNAs and mRNAs, are still intact. Therefore, RNase L does not have to degrade the translation machinery to stop protein synthesis. Our data point to a rapid mechanism that transforms a subtle RNA cleavage into a cell-wide translation arrest.
RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY IN RIPARIAN FORESTS OF M. A. SHOLOKHOV MUSEUM-RESERVE
Authors: Сериков  , Serikov Mikhail , Сивцов  , Sivcov Sergey
Published: August 2017

Recreational activity is the indicator, which reflects the cumulative impact of recreation on landscape complex and represents an integral indicator of recreational use of natural objects depending on the number of tourists on the item available for recreational use of space, time and prevailing forms of recreation, measured in person-days. The most important objective in addressing the problem of sustainable recreational use of forest resources today is the determination of maximum allowable recreational loads, their rules. As a result of researches on the territory of the meander part of the floodplain forests of the river Don, area of the protected natural landscape State M.A. Sholokhov Museum-Reserve, we identified the active recreational use of riparian plantings on the area of 431 hectares or 30.4 % of the total area of the studied territory. Prevailing forms of recreation are determined: roadless, obtaining and picnic one. Roadless form of recreation impact covers the largest part of areas suitable for recreational use (18 % of the total area) and it makes 256.3 ha. This form of recreation is common in largely undeveloped forest areas of the left bank and right bank of flood plain of the river Don near the villages of stanitsa Vyoshenskaya, Bazkovskaya and nearby hamlets. Picnic form of recreation is dominated on 5.5 % of the territory, but the impact caused by the consequences is the most aggressive ones. Estimated of unit values of recreational load in the prevailing forest type groups revealed that at most sites the actual load does not exceed the indicators of maximum permissible values and varies from 0.2 to 5.4 person-days./ha, given the landscape accessibility and the prevailing forms of recreation. The dependence of the distribution of resting people on the distance to the village is defined.
IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGY OF COMPLEX CARE FOR FORESTS WITH THE AIM OF IMPROVING QUALITY OF PRODUCTIVITY OF PLANTATIONS
Authors: Антонов  , Antonov Oleg , Кузнецов  , Kuznetsov Evgeniy
Published: August 2017

The necessity of conducting intensive forestry is becoming more and more obvious challenge, due primarily to its low profitability. To increase the economic value of forest resources and obtaining long-term competitive advantage requires creation of products with added value. One of the objectives of proper forestry management as the basis of the forestry sector is to increase qualitative productivity of plants in the process of intensive forest growing. This relates to the improvement in the quality and quantity of all trees and each tree individually, as well as the properties of manufactured wood, which serve as the main criterion of successful work in different forest sector (forestry, woodworking, furniture, pulp and paper industries). Indicators such as the presence of knots, wood density, fiber length, etc. affect the quality of the final product and its cost. To improve the quality of formed wood is possible through repeated pruning of branches selected for further growth of the target trees; and productivity and marketability of plantings increases as a result of regular, timely, ongoing, intensive thinning and fertilizer application. These three silvicultural rules make comprehensive care for the forest. Comprehensive care for pine plantations in our country is mainly connected with the names of the scientists of the scientific school of Professor S. N. Sennov. The study was performed in forest stands after conducting a walk-through logging and introduction of nitrogen fertilizers. Pruning was not provided. Advanced technology of integrated care aimed at obtaining large sawlogs of high-grade, plywood and high-profile ridges with a high content of branchless wood and it is in earlier formation of the stand (with a specific density and spatial distribution of trees) – by an intensive cut in young trees of the I class of age of artificial or natural origin. After thinnings it is planned to make 3-times cutting of branches up to a height of 6 m (every 5 years), thinning, and advance thinning and 3-4-times application of nitrogen fertilizers. Thinning and fertilization is alternated in such a way that they do not coincide in time. Best time for fertilizers is 2-3 years after felling.
THE NATURAL POTENTIAL OF REGENERATION IN FIR FORESTS, DAMAGED DURING THE INVASION OF POLYGRAPHUS PROXIMUS
Authors: Дебков  , Debkov Nikita
Published: August 2017

In the beginning of this century, the cases of invasions of dendrophilous insects becomes more often. The impact of invadors leads to the degradation of forest ecosystems and loss of natural biological diversity. The article discusses the invasion of Polygraphus proximus Blandf. in fir forests of Western Siberia. The aim of the research was to evaluate the potential of natural regeneration of fir forests in Western Siberia, damaged by Polygraphus proximus. Studies are conducted in the southern part of the Tomsk region at 11 test plots. Objects of research were both one breed fir trees, and grass communities of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) with participation of Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and aspen (Populus tremula L.). Surveyed plantations belonged to the ripening or ripe age states. The study of natural regeneration was carried out according to standard procedures. Method of transects was used. Measurements were subjected to basic morphological parameters of the undergrowth. The distribution of the natural regeneration area was estimated by calculating the ratio of occurrence and index of scattering. To assess the affinity of the undergrowth, micromosaic structure of the organization of communities was studied. Analysis of the size and morphological structure of natural regeneration have identified the degree of damage of forest stand and condition of the undergrowth. Dynamics of spatial structure is characterized by heterogeneity (index of dispersion exceeds 1). It indicates group location and its variable density. 82 % of teste plots were recorded with mortality of trees in the impact of Polygraphus proximus. In this case the bulk of the deceased undergrowth is from the major category (95 %), and only 5 % is the average undergrowth. The share of deceased major undergrowth was 9.9-50 %. There was a positive relationship between the number of mortality of trees and status category of fir forest. The number of damaged undergrowth in fir forests varies from 1.2 to 29.6 thousand units/ha. Predominant species is fir. Fir forests of Western Siberia, damaged by Polygraphus proximus, have potential of regeneration. Siberian fir will retain edificatoria value.