bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diesel engine fault diagnosis using intrinsic time-scale decomposition and multistage Adaboost relevance vector machine
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Junhong , Qin Kongjian , Xu Yueyun
Published: February 2017

Diesel engine is the most widely used power source of machines. However, faults occur frequently and often cause terrible accidents and serious economic losses. Therefore, diesel engine fault diagnosis is very important. Commonly, a single unitary pattern recognition method is used to diagnose the faults of diesel engine, but its performance decreases sharply when there are many fault types. Targeting this problem, a novel diesel engine fault diagnosis approach is proposed in this study. The approach is composed of four stages. Firstly, the nonstationary and nonlinear vibration signal of diesel engine is decomposed into a series of proper rotation components (PRCs) and a residual signal by the intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD) method. Secondly, six typical time-domain and four typical frequency-domain characteristics of the first several PRCs are extracted as fault features. Then, the modular and ensemble concepts are introduced to construct the multistage Adaboost relevance vector machine (RVM) model, in which the kernel fuzzy c-means clustering (KFCM) algorithm is used to decompose a complex classification task into several simple modules, and the Adaboost algorithm is used to improve the performance of each RVM based module. Finally, the fault diagnosis results can be obtained by inputting the fault features into the multistage Adaboost RVM model. The analysis results show that the fault diagnosis approach based on ITD and multistage Adaboost RVM performs effectively for the fault diagnosis of diesel engine, and it is better than the traditional pattern recognition methods.
Technoscience, imagined publics and public imaginations
Authors: Rommetveit Kjetil , Wynne Brian
Published: February 2017

This essay begins from the intensified entanglements of technoscientific innovation with miscellaneous societal and public fields of interest and action over recent years. This has been accompanied by an apparent decline in the work of purification of discourses of natural and human agency, which Latour observed in 1993. Replacing such previous discursive purifications, we increasingly find technoscientific visions of the imagined-possible as key providers of public meanings and policies. This poses the question of what forms of legitimation are constituted by these sciences, including the ways in which they enter into articulations of public matters. Revisiting historical and contemporary theories of imagination and science, this essay proposes a joint focus on imagination, publics and technoscience and their mutual co-production over time. This focus is then directed towards recent reconfigurations of technosciences with their imagined publics and towards how public issues may become constituted by social actors as active imaginations-exercising agents.
Encounters with Ray Hudson: A very personal note
Authors: Hadjimichalis Costis
Published: February 2017

I have known Ray Hudson since 1980 and we have kept regular academic contact, going to conferences together, undertaking joint research and publishing, plus family visits and vacations in Athens, Thessaloniki, Copenhagen, Naxos, Syros, Mytilene and Durham. A fruitful friendship and scientific collaboration started at this period and extended in different directions based on our common belief that Marxist political economy is the best entry point to study economic and political geography and to analyze the complicated relationships between policies, institutions and local societies.
Local Distrust and Regime Support
Authors: Chen Dan
Published: February 2017

Political trust is an important indicator of regime support. However, we have yet to fully understand the sources and consequence of varying levels of trust in specific political institutions. Difference in political trust at national and local levels is especially important for understanding authoritarian systems. Focusing on China, this article examines different levels of trust in the central and local governments. Building on existing research that consistently finds high central trust with lower local trust, this article investigates whether the trust sources differ and the consequence on regime support. Using survey data, it finds that national economic evaluation is positively associated with trust at both levels. Perceived corruption at respective levels is negatively correlated with trust. Citizens who use the Internet more tend to trust the central government less, while those who perceive high quality of public services tend to trust their local governments more. However, citizens who trust the central government but distrust their local governments tend to show less regime support. This suggests that instead of simply blaming local governments for incompetency or wrongdoing, citizens’ local distrust weakens regime support.
Study of the influence of storage conditions on the quality and migration levels of antimony in polyethylene terephthalate-bottled water
Authors: Payán Luis , Poyatos M Teresa , Muñoz Lucía , La Rubia M Dolores , Pacheco Rafael , Ramos Natividad
Published: February 2017

The main objectives of this study are to determine the presence of antimony in water stored in polyethylene terephthalate bottles and the influence of temperature and time over the migration levels. For this purpose, Sb determination was carried out in water at different experimental conditions: storage for one to three weeks at 25 to 80 ℃; long-term (six months) storage at room temperature between 16 and 24 ℃ and storage in car during summer which is a common consumer’s habit. In addition, water quality analysis was developed after different time–temperature storage conditions. All the samples at the end of their storage conditions were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The limit of detection and quantification were 0.50 and 0.80 µg/L, respectively. The results for the bottled water stored during six months indicated that the average Sb concentration was 0.332 ± 0.015 µg/L. This value is below the European maximum permissible migration level of 5 µg/L. With regard to the newly bottled water, no Sb was detected at the initial time for all temperatures studied. However, the Sb concentration in water increased with both time and temperature. The levels of Sb started exceeding the European limits when the samples were stored at 60 ℃ for two weeks.
Worst-case energy consumption minimization based on interference analysis and bank mapping in multicore systems
Authors: Gan Zhihua , Gu Zhimin , Tan Hai , Zhang Mingquan , Zhang Jizan
Published: February 2017

Energy is a scarce resource in real-time embedded systems due to the fact that most of them run on batteries. Hence, the designers should ensure that the energy constraints are satisfied in addition to the deadline constraints. This necessitates the consideration of the impact of the interference due to shared, low-level hardware resources such as the cache on the worst-case energy consumption of the tasks. Toward this aim, this article proposes a fine-grained approach to analyze the bank-level interference (bank conflict and bus access interference) on real-time multicore systems, which can reasonably estimate runtime interferences in shared cache and yield tighter worst-case energy consumption. In addition, we develop a bank-to-core mapping algorithm for reducing bank-level interference and improving the worst-case energy consumption. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach can improve the tightness of worst-case energy consumption by 14.25% on average compared to upper-bound delay approach. The bank-to-core mapping provides significant benefits in worst-case energy consumption reduction with 7.23%.
Rethinking research ethics committees in low- and medium-income countries
Authors: Bain Luchuo Engelbert , Ebuenyi Ikenna Desmond , Ekukwe Nkoke Clovis , Awah Paschal Kum
Published: February 2017

Key historical landmark research malpractice scandals that shocked the international community (Nazi doctors’ experiments, Tuskegee study, Jewish chronic disease experiments, Krugman’s Willowbrook hepatitis study) were the origin of the institution of ethics review prior to carrying out research involving humans. Nonetheless, it is plausible that unethical research is ongoing or may have been conducted in recent times that has escaped public notice, especially in the vulnerable low- and middle-income country contexts. The basic constitution of these committees at some point has not been clearly defined, with most scientists declaring political maneuvers at times. These committees today are characterized by bureaucratic bottlenecks, financial interests, inadequate training in research ethics, and lack of control and coordination of their functions. Compulsory and adequate research ethics training for researchers and ethical committee members could guarantee trust, and appreciation of the utmost importance of the latter. The independence of protocol review should be guaranteed as much as possible so that the process attains its set goals. It might be too simplistic, and hypocritical, to allow ethics committees to continue to function on an ‘altruistic’ basis. Governments must strengthen the roles of national ethics committees – their independence, oversight roles, and as monitoring and evaluation bodies for smaller research ethics committees. Funding and objective constitution of board members is critical. Only then would research ethics committees be metamorphosed from the ‘bad guys’ to the trusted friends. The fear is preventing the research ethics committee from being seen and thus becoming an ethical oxymoron.
Compliance with the faecal calprotectin test in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Maréchal Chloé , Aimone‐Gastin Isabelle , Baumann Cédric , Dirrenberger Bastien , Guéant Jean‐Louis , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent
Published: February 2017

Background

We investigated, for the first time, levels of compliance with faecal calprotectin test in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Methods

All consecutive adult inflammatory bowel disease patients having been prescribed an faecal calprotectin test between December 2014–July 2015 were included. At their next visit to the hospital, patients had to return a stool sample for the faecal calprotectin test and answer a simple questionnaire: ‘Have you brought a stool sample? If not, why not? If so, did you encounter any difficulties when collecting the sample? Were you aware of faecal calprotectin before being asked to take the test?'.

Results

One hundred and one patients were included (50 men; 77 patients with Crohn’s disease). The range age was 40 years (19–68). Eighty‐nine patients were being treated with infliximab, 10 were on vedolizumab, and two were not being treated with a biologic. Thirty‐seven patients (35%) had performed the faecal calprotectin test. Eighty‐one patients (80%) had not been aware of faecal calprotectin before being asked to take the test. Of the 64 patients who did not take the test, the prime reasons for non‐compliance were forgetfulness (n  = 49, 76.6%), a lack of perceived benefit for the test (n  = 7, 11%), constipation (n  = 5, 7.8%), refusal to handle faeces (n  = 2, 3.1%), and difficulty collecting the stool sample (n  = 1, 1.5%).

Conclusion

Only one‐third of the patients performed the faecal calprotectin test. The main reason for non‐compliance was forgetfulness. Our present results emphasise the need for better patient education on the importance of complying with faecal calprotectin testing and the future of faecal calprotectin testing at home.
The Struggle Between the Real and Ideal
Authors: Nagar Itisha , Virk Rukhsana
Published: February 2017

Media, in its diverse forms, has become a powerful tool for construction and portrayal of the “shoulds, oughts, and musts” of a woman’s body. As a result of “thinning” of beauty ideals in the media, the real woman finds the representations of ideal woman to be increasingly unattainable. This exploratory study examined the effect of acute media images for a sample of young adult Indian woman ( N = 60). A 2 (intervention group) × 2 (time) mixed-group design was used where half the participants were presented with thin-ideal media images, whereas the other half were presented with control images. The participants were examined on body image dissatisfaction, thin-ideal internalization, and self-esteem. Results of the study indicate a significant increase in thin-ideal internalization and body dissatisfaction and a significant decrease in self-esteem scores as a result of exposure to the thin-ideal media images. The findings of the study indicate that, similar to their counterparts in Europe and North America, young urban Indian women experience body image disturbances when exposed to thin-ideal images. The findings have been examined in light of the spread of global media and homogenization of beauty standards among non-Western countries.
Atypical Plasmacytic Proliferation in a Case of C3 Glomerulopathy
Authors: Elfituri Osama , Aardsma Nathan , Setty Suman , Behm Frederick , Czech Kimberly
Published: February 2017

An 11-year-old Hispanic female underwent evaluation of asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria. The patient denied fever, edema, and gross hematuria. Urinalysis showed mild proteinuria, and a urine microscopic examination revealed red blood cells. Screening tests for glomerulonephritis revealed a low C3 and negative ANA, ASO, DNAse-B, and ANCA. Histological examination of a renal biopsy specimen showed glomeruli with endocapillary proliferation, a predominant C3 deposition in the capillary loops by immunofluorescence, and electron dense deposits in the mesangium, paramesangium, and capillary walls by electron microscopy consistent with a diagnosis of C3 glomerulopathy. An interstitial plasmacytosis was also present with focal clustering of plasma cells, which were found to be kappa light chain restricted by in situ hybridization suggestive of a clonal proliferation. One can speculate that these plasma cells may be directly responsible for the renal pathology that was seen.
Long-Term Response and Possible Cure of Patients With B-Cell Malignancies With Dose-Escalated Rituximab
Authors: Jacobs Lauren M. , Wiernik Peter H. , Dutcher Janice P. , Muxi Pablo
Published: February 2017

Rituximab (R), a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting CD20 antigen on B-cells, has become a standard of care in the treatment of B-cell malignancies, most often in conjunction with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Activity has been demonstrated in many subtypes of B-cell lymphoma, including diffuse large cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Additionally, dose escalation of R as a single agent has demonstrated improved activity in previously treated/poor prognosis CLL. We present 4 cases of B-cell malignancy (2 CLL variants/MCL, 1 FL, 1 WM) who received dose-escalated R as a single agent and achieved complete response (3 patients) and stable disease/partial response (1 patient) of 6.5+ to 15+ years duration. They have been off treatment for 6.5+ to 15+ years. Toxicity was minimal, with initial infusion reactions similar to those observed with standard dose infusions. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events or infections. Dose escalated R as a single agent may possibly be curative for some patients with B-cell malignancies, unlike the standard empiric dose of 375 mg/m2, and deserves further study.
Transaction processing in consistency-aware user’s applications deployed on NoSQL databases
Authors: González-Aparicio María Teresa , Ogunyadeka Adewole , Younas Muhammad , Tuya Javier , Casado Rubén
Published: February 2017

NoSQL databases are capable of storing and processing big data which is characterized by various properties such as volume, variety and velocity. Such databases are used in a variety of user applications that need large volume of data which is highly available and efficiently accessible. But they do not enforce or require strong data consistency nor do they support transactions. This paper investigates into the transaction processing in consistency-aware applications hosted on MongoDB and Riak which are two representatives of Document and Key-Value NoSQL databases, respectively. It develops new transaction schemes in order to provide NoSQL databases with transactional facilities as well as to analyze the effects of transactions on data consistency and efficiency in user’s applications. The proposed schemes are evaluated using the YCSB + T benchmark which is based on Yahoo! Cloud Services Benchmark (YCSB). Experimental results show that using the proposed schemes, strong consistency can be achieved in MongoDB and Riak without severely affecting their efficiency. We also conduct experiments in order to analyse the level of consistencyof MongoDB and Riak transactional systems.
Facies, rock attributes, stratigraphy, and depositional environments: Yanchang Formation, Central Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Ruppel Stephen C. , Rowe Harry , Milliken Kitty , Gao Chao , Wan Yongping
Published: February 2017

The Late Triassic Yanchang Formation (Fm) is a major target of drilling for hydrocarbons in the Ordos Basin. Although most of the early focus on this thick succession of lacustrine rocks has been the dominant deltaic sandstones and siltstones, which act as local reservoirs of oil and gas, more recent consideration has been given to the organic-rich mudstone source rocks. We used modern chemostratigraphic analysis to define vertical facies successions in two closely spaced cores through the Chang 7 Member, the primary source rock for the Yanchang hydrocarbon system. We used integrated high-resolution X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction measurements to define four dominant facies. Variations in stable carbon isotopes mimic facies stacking patterns, suggesting that terrigenous organic matter (although minor in volume) is associated with the arkoses and sandstones, whereas aquatic organic matter is dominant in the mudstones. Facies stacking patterns define three major depositional cycles and parts of two others, each defined by basal mudstone facies that document basin flooding and deepening (i.e., flooding surfaces). Unconfined compressive strength measurements correlate with clay mineral abundance and organic matter. Comparisons of core attributes with wireline logs indicate that although general variations in clay mineral volumes (i.e., mudstone abundance) can be discerned from gamma-ray logs, organic-matter distribution is best defined with density or resistivity logs. These findings, especially those established between the core and log data, provide a powerful linkage between larger scale facies patterns and smaller scale studies of key reservoir attributes, such as pore systems, mineralogy, diagenesis, rock mechanics, hydrocarbon saturation, porosity and permeability, and flow parameters. This first application of modern chemostratigraphic techniques to the Yanchang Fm reveals the great promise of applying these methods to better understand the complex facies patterns that define this lacustrine basin and the variations in key reservoir properties that each facies displays.
Disruption ofpdgfraalters endocardial and myocardial fusion during zebrafish cardiac assembly
Authors: El-Rass Suzan , Eisa-Beygi Shahram , Khong Edbert , Brand-Arzamendi Koroboshka , Mauro Antonio , Zhang Haibo , Clark Karl J. , Ekker Stephen C. , Wen Xiao-Yan
Published: February 2017

Cardiac development in vertebrates is a finely tuned process regulated by a set of conserved signaling pathways. Perturbations of these processes are often associated with congenital cardiac malformations. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) is a highly conserved tyrosine kinase receptor, which is essential for development and organogenesis. Disruption of Pdgfrα function in murine models are embryonic lethal due to severe cardiovascular defects, suggesting a role in cardiac development, thus necessitating the use of alternative models to explore its precise function. In this study, we generated a zebrafish pdgfra mutant line by gene trapping, in which the Pdgfra protein is truncated and fused with mRFP (Pdgfra-mRFP). Our results demonstrate that pdgfra mutants have defects in cardiac morphology as a result of abnormal fusion of myocardial precursors. Expression analysis of the developing heart at later stages suggested that Pdgfra-mRFP is expressed in the endocardium. Further examination of the endocardium in pdgfra mutants revealed defective endocardial migration to the midline, where cardiac fusion eventually occurs. Together, our data suggests that pdgfra is required for proper medial migration of both endocardial and myocardial precursors, an essential step required for cardiac assembly and development.
Smad4 regulates growth plate matrix production and chondrocyte polarity
Authors: Whitaker Amanda T. , Berthet Ellora , Cantu Andrea , Laird Diana J. , Alliston Tamara
Published: February 2017

Smad4 is an intracellular effector of the TGFβ family that has been implicated in Myhre syndrome, a skeletal dysplasia characterized by short stature, brachydactyly and stiff joints. The TGFβ pathway also plays a critical role in the development, organization and proliferation of the growth plate, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Skeletal phenotypes in Myhre syndrome overlap with processes regulated by the TGFβ pathway, including organization and proliferation of the growth plate and polarity of the chondrocyte. We used in vitro and in vivo models of Smad4 deficiency in chondrocytes to test the hypothesis that deregulated TGFβ signaling leads to aberrant extracellular matrix production and loss of chondrocyte polarity. Specifically, we evaluated growth plate chondrocyte polarity in tibiae of Col2-Cre+/-;Smad4fl/fl mice and in chondrocyte pellet cultures. In vitro and in vivo, Smad4 deficiency decreased aggrecan expression and increased MMP13 expression. Smad4-deficiency disrupts the balance of cartilage matrix synthesis and degradation, even though the sequential expression of growth plate chondrocyte markers was intact. Chondrocytes in Smad4 deficient growth plates also showed evidence of polarity defects, with impaired proliferation and ability to undergo the characteristic changes in shape, size and orientation as they differentiate from resting to hypertrophic chondrocytes. Therefore, we show that Smad4 controls chondrocyte proliferation, orientation, and hypertrophy and is important in regulating the extracellular matrix composition of the growth plate.
How do individuals cope with stress? Behavioural, physiological and neuronal differences between proactive and reactive coping styles in fish
Authors: Vindas Marco A. , Gorissen Marnix , Höglund Erik , Flik Gert , Tronci Valentina , Damsgård Børge , Thörnqvist Per-Ove , Nilsen Tom O. , Winberg Svante , Øverli Øyvind , Ebbesson Lars O. E.
Published: February 2017

Despite the use of fish models to study human mental disorders and dysfunctions, knowledge of regional telencephalic responses in non-mammalian vertebrates expressing alternate stress coping styles is poor. Since perception of salient stimuli associated with stress coping in mammals is mainly under forebrain limbic control, we tested region-specific forebrain neural (i.e. mRNA abundance and monoamine neurochemistry) and endocrine responses at basal and acute stress conditions for previously characterised proactive and reactive Atlantic salmon. Reactive fish show a higher degree of the neurogenesis marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) and dopamine activity under basal conditions in Dl (proposed hippocampus homologue) and higher post-stress plasma cortisol levels. Proactive fish displayed post-stress higher serotonergic signalling (i.e. higher serotonergic activity and expression of the 5-HT1A receptor abundance) in the proposed amygdala homologue (Dm), increased expression of the neuroplasticity marker brain derived neurotropic factor (bdnf) in both Dl and Vv (lateral septum homologue), as well as increased expression of the corticotropin releasing factor 1 (crf1) receptor in the Dl, in line with active coping neuro-profiles reported in the mammalian literature. We present novel evidence of proposed functional equivalences in the fish forebrain with mammalian limbic structures.
El Inventario de Estrategias de Autorregulación: traducción al español, características psicométricas preliminares y su relación con variables sociodemográficas en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Monge López David , Bonilla Roger , Aguilar-Freyan Wendy
Published: February 2017

Esta investigación presenta la traducción al español del Inventario de Estrategias de Autorregulación. El constructo de aprendizaje autorregulado posee importancia como potencial predictor del logro académico. En este trabajo se abordaron estudiantes universitarios y se evaluó el autoinforme de autorregulación al aprendizaje de modo general, con el objetivo de poseer una línea base acerca de la percepción de ellos del proceso en cuestión. El instrumento se aplicó a una muestra de 282 estudiantes. El análisis factorial exploratorio dio como resultado tres dimensiones, las cuales se encuentran también en la investigación antecedente. La medición posee buena fiabilidad, y tanto las dimensiones del instrumento como la medición general de aprendizaje autorregulado correlacionaron con una medida independiente de autorregulación. Con un objetivo exploratorio, se relacionaron la medición de aprendizaje autorregulado con una serie de variables sociodemográficas. Se encontraron asociaciones de diferentes dimensiones del aprendizaje autorregulado con el sexo y el tipo de estructura familiar del estudiante. La calidad del instrumento indica que puede ser utilizado para la investigación sobre el tema. Los resultados obtenidos con respecto al sexo y al tipo de familia deben ser replicados por otros estudios con muestras y métodos similares
Conflito conjugal: evidências de validade de uma escala de resolução de conflitos em casais do sul do Brasil
Authors: Delatorre Marina Zanella , Scheeren Patrícia , Wagner Adriana
Published: February 2017

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar la estructura factorial del Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI) para la población del sur de Brasil, además de relacionar las cuatro dimensiones de resolución de conflictos (resolución positiva, distanciamiento, sumisión y participación en el conflicto) medidas por la escala con variables sociodemográficas, con el fin de comprender cómo las parejas manejas sus conflictos. Participaron en la investigación 750 mujeres y 750 hombres casados, con edad promedio de 40,9 años y que cohabitaban con el compañero actual en promedio hace 15,78 años. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y al CRSI. Los datos revelan una estructura componencial de la escala semejante a la original. La resolución positiva fue la más empleada tanto por los hombres como por las mujeres, a pesar de que los datos evidenciaron un patrón de demanda por parte de las mujeres y retroceso por parte de los hombres. Se recomiendan adaptaciones en la utilización de la escala en portugués.
Quality of perinatal data capture by nurses in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Komolafe Abiola , Irinoye Omolola , Hanson Victoria
Published: February 2017

Background:

The quality of information that nurses capture in the perinatal period contributes to efficiency in clinical decision making for improved maternal and child outcome.

Aims:

This study explored the quality of perinatal data capture by nurses in Osun State, Nigeria.

Methods:

A descriptive design was adopted and multistage sampling technique was used to select 427 nurses from perinatal units across three levels of care. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire and checklists and analysis was done with SPSS version 16.

Findings:

There was no uniformity in data capture in the study setting. Respondents were not aware of the concept of the national perinatal dataset and the quality of perinatal data capture was poor at all levels of care.

Conclusions:

Perinatal data capture by nurses was not standardised across the three levels of care and the captured data were inadequate and of poor quality.
Certified midwives' experiences of mentorship and supervision during internship in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Mwiinga Betty Miyanda , Maimbolwa Margaret C , Muleya Mutinta C
Published: February 2017

Background:

Mentorship is a programme aimed at preparing midwives to cement their knowledge and skills in order to provide quality services at all levels of the health-care delivery system. Understanding the experiences of those who undergo mentorship is important to improve the programme.

Aims:

The main purpose of this study was to explore certified midwives' experiences of the mentorship and supervision received during internship at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods:

A qualitative phenomenological study was used to elicit the experiences of the certified midwives who had taken part in an internship during their training. A total of 13 participants were purposively included in the study and In-depth interviews using an unstructured interview schedule were conducted and recorded. Content analysis using Nvivo software version 10 was used to analyse data following transcription of the recorded interview.

Results:

Five major themes emerged from the interview data: clinical environment; the relationship that existed between mentors and mentees/ward staff; availability of human and material resources; mentors' knowledge, attitude and skills regarding mentorship and supervision; and lessons learned.

Conclusions:

The results of this study show that certified midwives were not satisfied with the mentorship and supervision received during internship. Their experiences included instances of uncaring attitudes from the qualified staff, inadequate equipment and staffing, inadequate clinical supervision, non-availability of mentors in the wards and the labelling of certified midwives. It can therefore be concluded that there are still some gaps that need to be reviewed by the policy makers in order for the programme to be beneficial.
Systematic review of the evidence for medical skin needling in aesthetic practice
Authors: Hubbard Kev
Published: February 2017

This systematic review was conducted as an analysis and evaluation tool for the possible introduction of skin needling to the author's aesthetic practice. The aim of the systematic review was to examine how skin needling could be introduced, establish the financial implications of incorporating this treatment into the clinic's treatment menu (expenditure and potential return on investment), and explore how much time may be required which could be spent on alternative treatments to bring in revenue. Another consideration was how a skin needling service could be introduced alongside other aesthetic services, such as wrinkle-relaxing injections, dermal fillers and chemical peels. It was also important for the author to examine any potential issues that may impact on his business by focusing on a new treatment rather than continuing with procedures that are already successful. Numerous issues and learning opportunities were identified during the process of the review and it is fair to suggest that this process can definitely be seen as a journey rather than simply an academic exercise.
Using a checklist culture to ensure a consistent client experience
Authors: Ratcliffe Jason
Published: February 2017

Aesthetic practice is ever-demanding and with more appointments being booked and patients being consulted, the likelihood of mistakes being made will increase. Jason Ratcliffe highlights the importance of providing patients with a positive treatment journey, both inside and outside of the clinic, and suggests how using a simple method can ensure care is excellent every time without fail
Moving on up: Women in healthcare leadership
Authors: Smith Judith , Gosling Jennifer
Published: February 2017

While the number of female GPs is steadily increasing, more managerial positions are still held by men. Is general practice at risk of taking on a ‘macho’ management culture? What are the opportunities for female leaders in primary care?
Attitudes to smoking in girls
Authors: Atenstaedt Robert , Evans Kelly , Mesari Ammar
Published: February 2017

A study was commissioned by Public Health Wales and the local Tobacco Control Alliance to estimate the smoking prevalence of 11–12-year-old girls in North Wales. This article reports the results of the qualitative work undertaken as part of the research
Discordance between Circulating Atherogenic Cholesterol Mass and Lipoprotein Particle Concentration in Relation to Future Coronary Events in Women
Authors: Lawler Patrick R , Akinkuolie Akintunde O , Ridker Paul M , Sniderman Allan D , Buring Julie E , Glynn Robert J , Chasman Daniel I , Mora Samia
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

It is uncertain whether measurement of circulating total atherogenic lipoprotein particle cholesterol mass [non–HDL cholesterol (nonHDLc)] or particle concentration [apolipoprotein B (apo B) and LDL particle concentration (LDLp)] more accurately reflects risk of incident coronary heart disease (CHD). We evaluated CHD risk among women in whom these markers where discordant.

METHODS

Among 27533 initially healthy women in the Women's Health Study (NCT00000479), using residuals from linear regression models, we compared risk among women with higher or lower observed particle concentration relative to nonHDLc (highest and lowest residual quartiles, respectively) to individuals with agreement between markers (middle quartiles) using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

Although all 3 biomarkers were correlated (r ≥ 0.77), discordance occurred in up to 20.2% of women. Women with discordant high particle concentration were more likely to have metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes (both P < 0.001). Over a median follow-up of 20.4 years, 1246 CHD events occurred (514725 person-years). Women with high particle concentration relative to nonHDLc had increased CHD risk: age-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) = 1.77 (1.56–2.00) for apo B and 1.70 (1.50–1.92) for LDLp. After adjustment for clinical risk factors including MetS, these risks attenuated to 1.22 (1.07–1.39) for apo B and 1.13 (0.99–1.29) for LDLp. Discordant low apo B or LDLp relative to nonHDLc was not associated with lower risk.

CONCLUSIONS

Discordance between atherogenic particle cholesterol mass and particle concentration occurs in a sizeable proportion of apparently healthy women and should be suspected clinically among women with cardiometabolic traits. In such women, direct measurement of lipoprotein particle concentration might better inform CHD risk assessment.
Requiem for the long tail: Towards a political economy of content aggregation and fragmentation
Authors: Napoli Philip M.
Published: February 2017

This article revisits the long tail phenomenon, a dozen years after it was first articulated as a model for the digital media economy. As this article illustrates, both the research evidence and the evolution of industry practice have demonstrated that the long tail phenomenon has failed to take hold to the extent expected. This article outlines the interconnected technological, institutional and economic factors that explain the decline of the long tail, and considers the implications of this decline for media policy and media research.
Book Reviews
Authors: Krieken Robert van , Amado Adriana , Finkelstein David
Published: February 2017

PRESUMED INTIMACY: PARA-SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN MEDIA, SOCIETY AND CELEBRITY CULTURE, CHRIS ROJEK (2015) 1st ed., Malden, MA: Polity, 224 pp., ISBN: 9780745671109, p/bk, $69.95 ISBN: 9780745671116, $24.95, e-book, $19.99

POLITICAL COMMUNICATION AND LEADERSHIP: MIMETIZATION, HUGO CHAVEZ AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF POWER AND IDENTITY, ELENA BLOCK (2015) 1st ed., London: Routledge, 284 pp., ISBN: 9781138905030, h/bk, $102.24, e-book, $54.95

MAGAZINES AND THE MAKING OF AMERICA: MODERNIZATION, COMMUNITY AND PRINT CULTURE, 1741–1860, HEATHER HAVEMAN (2015) 1st ed., Princeton: Princeton University Press, 432 pp., ISBN: 9780691164403, h/bk, $45.00, ISBN: 9781400873883, e-book, $27.79
The triumph of the Puppet: the Victory of Death is a Blow to Life. The Movement of Life and Death in the Opus of Silvan Omerzu.
Authors: Kovše Tea
Published: February 2017

The puppets of Silvan Omerzu problematise life by staging death. In his 20 years of making puppet shows for adults, the puppet has travelled from the grotesque image, rapid movement and playful violence to the ascetic minimalistic world, both in its image and its movement. Omerzu’s latest show, Salto mortale, depicts the immortality of puppets. This complex puppet world can be described by Das Unheimliche, which best captures the staging of death no matter whether it is carried out in a playful, mysterious or anxious atmosphere. Silvan Omerzu’s puppets show the victory of death or the victory of puppets over death, thus staging our captivity within life.
“Hello World”
Authors: Drori Amit
Published: February 2017

Israeli artist and theatre maker Amit Drori reflects on the creative process that led him to create robotic-based performances. This was not an organized plan but rather an artistic evolution that began during his studies at the School of Visual Theatre in Jerusalem, and developed in his work as a professional artist. Coming from a background of visual theatre and puppetry, Drori’s approach to robotics uses the knowledge and philosophy of puppetry and animation forms. Drori creates unique machines that are designed for emotional and poetic functionalities. “Hello world” follows the personal process of his artistic development, but also tries to discern the cultural roots and transformations of the accessibility of knowledge in the open source revolution.
Oil content and fatty acids composition of poppy seeds cultivated in two localities of Slovakia
Authors: Lančaričová Andrea , Havrlentová Michaela , Muchová Darina , Bednárová Adriána
Published: February 2017

Oil content, fatty acids profile, acid and saponification values of poppy seeds grown on two localities of the Slovak Republic were evaluated in the study. Statistically significant effects of locality, genotype and their interaction (P < 0.05) for numerous descriptors were proved by non-parametric tests. Results confirmed that variation in the analysed parameters was influenced by the colour of seeds. Ochre variety Redy contained the highest oil level in both localities (49.9 and 52.4%) and linoleic acid level (74.3 and 71.6%). White-seeded Racek and Albín had the highest acid value (2.8 and 2.4% of free fatty acids) and grey-seeded Malsar and blue-seeded Maratón contained the highest saponification value. Buddha, a high-morphine poppy variety, differed significantly in all monitored parameters. High negative interrelation between linoleic and oleic acids levels was observed. Oil content was positively correlated with linoleic acid and negatively with oleic acid. Weather conditions at the end of vegetation influenced the accumulation of oil and essential linoleic acid.
Modernism, Feminism and Science Fiction: Words as Silence, Language as Rhymes by Marwa Arsanios
Authors: Atallah Nadine
Published: February 2017

Words as Silence, Language as Rhymes is an artist book published in 2012 by Lebanese contemporary artist Marwa Arsanios, included in her Al-Hilal project (2011–ongoing). This project is based on an examination of the Egyptian cultural magazine Al-Hilal, and more particularly of two issues dating back to Nasser’s presidency. These praised Nasser’s ideology of Arab socialism and nationalism by highlighting technological and scientific innovations, social progress and women’s emancipation. More than half a century later, after the failure of Nasser’s policy and ideology, Words as Silence, Language as Rhymes analyses the rhetoric of modernism and its promises in the magazine. It takes a particular interest in the expression of Egypt’s dream of space conquest, and in the representation of women, and more particularly of female Algerian freedom fighters. By re-engaging and manipulating Al-Hilal’s textual and visual language, Arsanios plays with a multiplicity of temporal layers and uses the prospective potentialities of science fiction to re-imagine the modernist ideals and assert the importance of a utopian thought for the present. This article invokes Svetlana Boym’s concepts of off-modernism and nostalgia to consider Words as Silence, Language as Rhymes as a feminist historiographical critique of modernism as conveyed by Al-Hilal.
L’essor d’une avant-garde picturale dans les années 1940 en Iran : premières galeries, associations et revues d’art
Authors: Bombardier Alice
Published: February 2017

In 1940s’ Iran, the first graduates in painting from the Fine Arts Faculty of the Tehran University distinguished themselves from their predecessors. They praised a new vision of art, activities of a new kind – such as the practice of public exhibitions – and new forms of organization. Initially, they used cultural centres of foreign embassies as springboards. Then, some of them founded – pioneering and still largely unknown – independent exhibition areas, as evidenced by the Apadana Gallery Club. Finally, they managed to establish themselves in public exhibition halls, like the Mehregan Club or even the Tehran Biennials of Painting. Nevertheless, until the late 1950s, the activities of this young generation of artists remained marginal and their creations, from the elite perspectives, were still perceived as strange. Indeed, at that time, these pioneers of a new style called “New Painting” in Iran fought to raise awareness among the general public and frequently faced financial troubles, scandals, trials and censorship. For them, the New Painting was the groundswell that had to make the whole society evolve, as emphasized by the large number of periodicals edited, especially by the Fighting Cock Art Society. This article relates the context and steps of this pioneering phase and highlights the profound transformation of Iranian society at the turn of the 1940s.
History, Identity, Memory: Nikzad Nodjoumi’s Arzhang
Authors: Diba Layla S.
Published: February 2017

One of the strategies available to scholars challenging the Western art-historical canon is the use of case studies of the careers of pioneering artists from the “periphery”. This essay will tell the story of a long forgotten chapter of the history of Iranian modern art which has only recently come to light. Just before the 1979 revolution, one of Iran’s young avant-garde painters, Nikzad Nodjoumi (b. 1941), was invited to provide a set of illustrations for a publication and translation of the Manichean text of the Arzhang by the Niavaran Cultural Center in Tehran. Nodjoumi chose to focus on the theme of the prophet and painter Mani (AD 216–274) and produced a series of 280 visually and politically compelling small-scale paintings on paper. The paintings utilized a variety of strategies to construct a distinctly Iranian form of Modernism. In this series, the artist sought to synthesize Manichean themes and forms and traditional Persian manuscript elements with the abstract forms and gestural techniques of Abstract Expressionism. His principal formal inspiration was a group of folios of Manichean illustrated manuscripts datable to the eighth–ninth centuries AD located in the Museum of Asian Art in Berlin. This essay will begin by investigating the historical and cultural context of the commission; discuss the importance of the legend of Mani in Iranian culture and manuscript illustration, as well as the relationship of image and text in traditional manuscript illustration; and compare these paintings with their Manichean models. By exploring the works of one individual painter, the essay will show how Iranian artists of the post-World War II era were inventing a modernism that was both local and global. Through a close reading of this artist’s creative process, themes central to Modernism such as history, identity, and memory will be illuminated.
Unfertige Studien I: Wer sind und was bedeutet al-māriqa?
Authors: van Ess Josef
Published: February 2017

For centuries on end we find, in Islamic sources, the habit of calling the Khārijites al-māriqa. The expression seemed fit to convey the negative image with which they had been burdened. Our oldest testimony is a prophetic saying which, however, presents itself in several different contexts. Moreover, the meaning which is connected with this word there seems to be a secondary one. The epithet was originally applied to people who had joined Islam early on but then abandoned the new religion. This was not true for the Khārijites; they had rather become famous for their enduring, though somewhat idiosyncratic, piety. Consequently, we find, in second century Iraq, besides outright condemnation also a more positive attitude towards them, where they are understood as people who were simply led astray by their strange and pseudo-profound ideas (al-taʿammuq). This less disparaging conception was, however, a phenomenon linked to their convivencia in towns like Kūfa or Baṣra and did not last beyond the exodus of the (Ibāḍī) Khārijites to Oman or the Maghrib.
Roman Jakobson’s Triadic Division of Translation Revisited
Authors: Jia Hongwei
Published: February 2017

Grounded on archival files, the general development of Jakobson’s tripartite division of translation (intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic) and its current situation in the academic world is recovered to reveal its influence on linguistics, semiotics, and translation studies worldwide, and to point out the significance of criticizing the triadic division in terms of the broad sense of translation as a term and the classifications of signs. Gideon Toury (1986), Umberto Eco (2001), Peeter Torop (2002), Dinda Gorlée (2010), Zhonglian Huang (2015), Hongwei Jia (2016b and 2016c), and others criticized this division and constructed their own systems, but these have their own problems and limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to construct, with reference to Lotman’s idea on semiosphere, a new division system (intra-semiospheric, intersemiospheric and supra-semiospheric) for translation semiotics.
Genotyping CYP2D6 by three different methods: advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Ribeiro Carolina , Martins Patrícia , Grazina Manuela
Published: February 2017

Background:

CYP2D6 belongs to P450 superfamily, and is responsible for the metabolism of 25% of the drugs used clinically. Genetic variability of CYP2D6 affects individual drug or toxic response leading to differences in the drug outcome or toxicity mediating adverse drug effects. The different variant alleles are associated with increased, decreased, or abolished enzyme hydroxylation functions. The CYP2D6*10 (rs1065852, c.100C>T) allele is associated with reduced function and is one of the most studied alleles.

Methods:

The aim of this study was to perform three different methods (PCR-RFLP, TaqMan® Drug Metabolism Genotyping Assays, and Sanger Sequencing) for genotyping alteration c.100C>T, rs1065852 in a group of 24 Portuguese subjects (15 females and 9 males, mean age 70±9 years) and compare the results.

Results:

We found 16 samples homozygous for *1 allele and 8 heterozygous for *10 allele.

Conclusions:

The three methods provide concordant results suggesting that any of these techniques is a reliable and sensitive method for genotyping CYP2D6. However, we would recommend the use of TaqMan® Drug Metabolism Assays, given the advantages concerning time spending, straightforwardness, reliability, and accuracy.