bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Energy Conversion and Distribution on the SI-PFI Engine Fueled by A Gasoline-Bioethanol Blend with AFR Variations
Authors: PALOBORAN Marthen , PANGRURUK Thesya Atarezcha , TJANDI Yunus
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the engine performance of spark-ignition engines with port fuel injection using E50 fuel, which contains 50% gasoline or pertalite (in Indonesia) and 50% hydrate bioethanol, at air-fuel ratio variations of 10:1, 12:1, and 14:1. The experiments were conducted using a 1-cylinder, 662 cc engine research test with a constant load of 3 kg and engine speed variations of 1500 and 1800 RPM, as well as a compression ratio of 10:1 and standard ignition timing. The engine ran with E50 fuel, and the experimental results were compared with those of E0 for an air-fuel ratio of 14:1. According to the data, the fuel energy of E50 in an AFR of 14:1 is 0.11 kW higher than that of E0, and it increases by 21.6% when the engine speed increases from 1500 to 1800 RPM. The results also indicate that the efficiency of all performance indicators, such as indicative thermal efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, and mechanical efficiency, is maximized when the engine is operated at an AFR of 10:1 for E50 fuel. Additionally, the volumetric efficiency of E50 reaches its maximum when the fuel is burned at an AFR of 14:1, and it increases as the engine speed increases. However, it should be noted that the brake power decreases due to the frictional power of the fuel increase.
Die Ruhrtriennale erfindet sich neu
Authors: Grajetzky Antje
Published: October 2024

„Ein Festival ist immer auch ein Fest“, sagt Ivo Van Hove. Er ist 2024 bis 2026 der Intendant der Ruhrtriennale und hat das Festival der Künste in seiner ersten Spielzeit zeitlich wie räumlich verdichtet. Eine Herausforderung für die technischen Produktionsabläufe.

von Antje Grajetzky
Die Zeiten ändern sich
Authors: Abel Iris
Published: October 2024

Die DomStufen-Festspiele in Erfurt zeigten vom 2. bis zum 25. August das Musical „Anatevka“ und damit eine erfolgreiche 31. Open-Air-Spielzeit. Erzählt wird eine emotionale Familiengeschichte vor dem Hintergrund großer politischer Veränderungen, die letztlich den Verlust aller Sicherheiten bedeuten. Ein Blick auf die Realisierung der Inszenierung.

von Iris Abel
„Wir machen uns fremde Orte zu eigen“
Authors: Meyer Martina
Published: October 2024

Der Klassiker „Moby Dick“ von Herman Melville findet immer wieder seinen Weg auf Theaterspielpläne. Auch die Freie Bühne Wendland, eine der Preisträgerinnen des DTHG-Weltenbauer-Awards 2024, hat dieses Stück im Repertoire. Es wurde bisher 58-mal gespielt und ist fantasievoll umgesetzt. Ursula Pehlke, Gesellschafterin und Schauspielerin der Gruppe, über das Projekt Wandertheater.

von Martina Meyer
Elf plus eins
Authors: Behrendt Eva
Published: October 2024

Die beeindruckenden Videos für die Kay-Voges-Inszenierung „RCE“ – nach einem Roman von Sibylle Berg – am Berliner Ensemble entwickelte ein elfköpfiges Team um Cutterin Andrea Schumacher in Zusammenarbeit mit einer KI. In der jährlichen Kritiker:innenumfrage der Zeitschrift „Theater heute“ wurde dieses Kollektivkunstwerk nun als „Video des Jahres“ ausgezeichnet.

von Eva Behrendt
Kulturelles Flaggschiff
Authors: Augsburger Marcus , Frings Harald
Published: October 2024

Das Nationaltheater Mannheim ist eines der größten Viersparten-Häuser und das älteste kommunale Theater Deutschlands. Seit 2022 läuft die Generalsanierung des Hauses, bei der nicht nur Bestand und (Bühnen-)Technik erneuert werden, sondern auch zahlreiche unterirdische Neubauten entstehen. Die Fertigstellung ist für die Spielzeit 2028/29 geplant – ein Überblick.

von Marcus Augsburger und Harald Frings
„Schwejk“ an der Piscator-Bühne
Authors: Dörschel Stephan
Published: October 2024

Das Berliner Kleine Grosz Museum zeigt bis zum 25. November 2024 die Sonderausstellung „Was sind das für Zeiten? – Grosz, Brecht & Piscator“. Sie widmet sich der künstlerischen Zusammenarbeit und Freundschaft zwischen dem Künstler George Grosz, dem Dichter und Dramatiker Bertolt Brecht und dem Theatermacher Erwin Piscator. Die multimediale Inszenierung „Die Abenteuer des braven Soldaten Schwejk“ aus dem Jahr 1928 steht dabei im Fokus.

von Stephan Dörschel
Eine Reise in die Abstraktion
Authors: Abel Iris
Published: October 2024

Bis zum 24. November werden im Zürcher Pavillon Le Corbusier unter dem Titel „Gebautes Licht“ sowohl bekannte als auch bisher unveröffentlichte Fotografien von Lucien Hervé gezeigt. Der Fotograf dokumentierte mit seinen Arbeiten die Architektur der Moderne. Ein Fokus der Schau liegt auf dem Werk des Architekten Le Corbusier, zugleich werden die Bilder in einen Dialog mit den Bauten anderer Architekten gebracht.

von Iris Abel
Nachgefragt
Authors: Röseler Julia , Voigt Ina
Published: October 2024

Devin Arnold ist 31 Jahre alt, gelernter Tischler und arbeitet seit zehn Jahren hinter bzw. auf der Bühne am Theater Lübeck.

von Julia Röseler und Ina Voigt
Drei Mal Leben
Authors: Wille Franz
Published: October 2024

Das Gestern im Heute in West und Ost: Golda Bartons «Datscha», Robert Lepages «Glaube, Geld, Krieg und Liebe» und Thomas Freyers «Dumme Jahre» in den Berliner Sophiensaelen, der Schaubühne und am Weimarer Nationaltheater

Von Franz Wille
Kettenreaktionen und Resonanz
Authors: Stammen Silvia
Published: October 2024

Im Marstall des Münchner Residenztheaters machen Nele Stuhler und FX Mayr mit «Und oder oder oder oder und und beziehungsweise und oder beziehungsweise oder und beziehungsweise einfach und» ernst mit dem Spiel, in den Kammerspielen wirft Katharina Bach einen Blick von außen auf Michel Friedmans «Fremd»

Von Silvia Stammen
«Jede Geste zählt»
Authors: Klaeui Andreas
Published: October 2024

Was kann und muss ein künstlerisch ambitioniertes, zeitgenössisches, engagiertes und volksnahes Theater? Antworten von Tiago Rodrigues, dem Festival d’Avignon und eine These von Ariane Mnouchkine

Von Andreas Klaeui
Es wächst zusammen was zusammen gehört? Konvergenz zwischen Agrarrecht und Binnenmarktrecht am Beispiel des Kennzeichnungsrechts für innovative Lebensmittel
Authors: Purnhagen Kai
Published: October 2024

Dieser Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel des Kennzeichnungsrechts für Lebensmittel, welche Chancen und Risiken durch die zunehmende Überschneidung von Agrarrecht und klassischem Binnenmarktrecht entstehen. Im ersten Teil werde ich mich mit der Rolle des Ausgleichs von Informationsasymmetrien für Verbraucher im EU-Agrar- und Lebensmittelinformationsrecht befassen. Anschließend werde ich die jeweiligen regulatorischen Schwächen beider Rechtsgebiete beleuchten und darlegen, wie dies dazu geführt hat, dass beide Rechtsgebiete bei der Auslegung der lebensmittel- und agrarrechtlichen Bestimmungen der EU über die Kennzeichnung Lücken aufweisen. Im zweiten Teil werde ich aufzeigen, welche Auswirkungen dies auf den Ausgleich von Informationsasymmetrien der Verbraucher hat. Im dritten Teil schließe ich meine Erkenntnisse mit den oben genannten zwei Auswirkungen ab und mache Vorschläge für eine effektivere Kennzeichnungsregelung, um die Wahl nachhaltigerer Lebensmittel zu erleichtern.
einsamkeit
Authors: Schreiber Falk
Published: October 2024

Pierre Huyghes Ausstellung «Liminal» in Venedig.

Von Falk Schreiber
abgetaucht
Authors: Hahn Thomas
Published: October 2024

In «Deepstaria» durchleuchtet Wayne McGregor die Tiefen von Meeresgrund,
Weltall und Vantablack. Thomas Hahn besichtigt das Ergebnis
Modern Challenges in Indoor Positioning Systems: AI to the Rescue
Authors: Pešić Saša
Published: October 2024

In the realm of Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS), navigating the intricate challenges posed by dynamic interior environments demands a pivot towards more sophisticated solutions. This chapter underscores the crucial role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in transcending the conventional limitations of IPS, thereby facilitating a paradigm shift towards self-calibrating, adaptive, high precision navigation systems within complex indoor spaces. Through an expansive discussion encompassing use cases across varied sectors such as retail, healthcare, and smart building management, this chapter delves into the technological underpinnings of IPS and their evolution aided by AI technologies. It highlights key challenges, including accuracy, adaptability, and predictive modelling, and presents AI-driven solutions and case studies that illustrate the transformative impact of AI on enhancing system capabilities. This narrative serves as a testament to the potential of AI in revolutionizing IPS by enabling systems to understand and predict human movement patterns, adapt to changes in real-time, and offer personalized user experiences. The discourse laid out in this chapter not only contributes to the scholarly understanding of IPS challenges and AI’s role in addressing them but also charts a course for future innovations in the domain of intelligent indoor navigation and positioning solutions.
Indoor and Outdoor Localization for UAVs
Authors: Xiao Yawen , Niu Guanchong , Shue Chen Chung , Mao Liang , Zhu Peipei
Published: October 2024

This chapter investigates advanced localization techniques for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), focusing on the challenges and solutions associated with both indoor and outdoor environments. By examining a range of positioning strategies, including the global positioning system (GPS), visible light communication (VLC), and vision-based methods, this chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the current state and future potential of UAV localization. The integration of various sensors and the strategic use of landmarks as reference points are explored to enhance localization accuracy. Moreover, two pioneering prototypes that are designed to mitigate the limitations identified in current technologies are introduced for case study. A modularization approach for VLC systems and an empirical method for vision-based distance estimation employing multi-scale QR codes. This chapter also highlights the role of sensor fusion and artificial intelligence in improving the precision and efficiency of UAV navigation. Through proof-of-concept experiments utilizing photodiodes (PDs), inertial measurement units (IMUs), and cameras, we demonstrate the practical applicability and effectiveness of the discussed methodologies. Finally, we study the practical applicability and effectiveness of the discussed systems and their experimental results. Our investigations illustrate significant superiority in UAV localization technologies, paving the way for expanded applications across diverse industries and complex operational scenarios.
Bariatric Surgery: Can It Perform Benefits or Risks?
Authors: Abdel-Hay Mostafa Tarek , Mostafa Abdel-Hameed Ahmed , Abdel-Khalek Ahmed Sameh
Published: October 2024

Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and death. Weight loss has become a standard recommendation for all patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coexisting obesity. Bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk factors significantly; however, whether surgery can reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), especially in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Bariatric surgery has been associated with a significant reduction in daily insulin requirement and a considerable reduction in body mass index, resulting in long-term results. Furthermore, studies suggest that bariatric surgery for type 1 diabetes results in the improvement of comorbidities related to obesity including hypertension and dyslipidemia. Obesity is thought to be the strongest risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Bariatric surgery has emerged as the single most effective treatment option for type 2 diabetes and obesity. The individuals who underwent bariatric surgery compared with medical/lifestyle intervention had superior glycemic control with less diabetes medication use and higher rates of diabetes remission. Obesity is a pro-inflammatory condition in which some cytokines such as leptin, a pro-inflammatory protein, are elevated and adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory protein, is decreased. In patients undergoing weight reduction surgeries, these hormone levels behave paradoxically. It is not known whether bariatric surgery protects against the development of autoinflammatory or autoimmune conditions; nevertheless, changes occurring in the immune system are incompletely understood. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery show immunological changes which might eventually lead to developing an autoimmune disease.
Exploring Associative Learning of Audio and Color Stimuli with Neuromorphic Robots in a T-Maze
Authors: Abu Bakr Siddique Md. , Liu Tianze , Zhang Yan , An Hongyu
Published: October 2024

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in various cognitive tasks through training on extensive labeled datasets. However, the heavy reliance on these datasets poses challenges for DNNs in scenarios with energy constraints in particular scenarios, such as on the moon. On the contrary, animals exhibit a self-learning capability by interacting with their surroundings and memorizing concurrent events without annotated data—a process known as associative learning. A classic example of associative learning is when a rat memorizes desired and undesired stimuli while exploring a T-maze. The successful implementation of associative learning aims to replicate the self-learning mechanisms observed in animals, addressing challenges in data-constrained environments. While current implementations of associative learning are predominantly small scale and offline, this work pioneers associative learning in a robot equipped with a neuromorphic chip, specifically for online learning in a T-maze. The system successfully replicates classic associative learning observed in rodents, using neuromorphic robots as substitutes for rodents. The neuromorphic robot autonomously learns the cause-and-effect relationship between audio and visual stimuli.
Reusing and Recycling Practices in Municipal Solid Waste Management in Kano Metropolis Nigeria
Authors: Saleh Muhammad , Marzuki Azizan
Published: October 2024

Kano Metropolis, currently Nigeria’s second-largest city, has a population of 10 million, a significant increase from its pre-Saharan trade population. The city is primarily employed in farming, trade, and commerce, and is the most densely populated state in Northern Nigeria, with an average population density of 281 persons per square kilometer. The city generates 4-5 million tons of municipal solid waste weighing 1.12 kg/cap each day, with 0.5 million tons of unprocessed industrial waste annually, and poses a significant challenge to local handling due to its non-flow, evaporation, dispersal, and absorption into the environment. The state government and waste management firms have struggled to maintain clean streets, with over half of waste left uncollected, making the current system inadequate. Consequently, the current waste management practices in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria, with regard to MSW reuse and recycling are examined in this discussion. And then an overview is given on Kano Metropolis’s current recycling and reuse strategies, as well as the kinds of items that can be separated from MSW and recycled again. Finally, the research study area and its surroundings are then encouraged to implement the strategies for enhancing recycling and reusable methods used in the management of MSW in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria.
Trends in Germination Technology of Edible Seeds and Applications for Functional Food
Authors: Ding Junzhou , Sadeghi Hanieh , Feng Hao , Nemzer Boris
Published: October 2024

This chapter summarizes recent progress in the application of novel germination technologies and their impact on seed germination and the improvement of the nutritional quality of germinated seeds and sprouts. Specifically, the effects of oxygen regulation, power ultrasound, pulsed electric fields, magnetic fields, high-pressure processing, and non-thermal plasma treatment on germination performance and nutritional properties are highlighted. Additionally, efforts are made to introduce the industrialization of sprouted grains, microgreens, and vegetable sprouts. The chapter also discusses the use of traditional methods, such as advanced rotating drums, fermenting tanks, and automatic germinating tray systems in vertical farming practices. Finally, current market trends of functional foods derived from germinated seeds are discussed.
Theoretical Aspects of Protein Aggregation and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Singh Vishal , Dey Priya
Published: October 2024

The polypeptide chain folds spontaneously into a native state to do function correctly. However, phenotypic and genotypic variations may induce abnormal amino acid modifications in the protein sequence and lead to misfolding that disrupts normal cellular function. The protein quality control system present in the cell manages the misfolded proteins and helps them to either refold back to their native state or degrade them to amino acids and eventually replace them with newly synthesized replicas. This phenomenon, known as protein turnover, is highly specific and precisely regulated process that involves a constant renewal of the functional proteins by allowing the damaged or non-functional ones to be eliminated. Factors such as aging, genetic mutation, oxidative stress, pH, and temperature result in failure of the protein turnover process that leads to the formation of aggregates/fibrils through self-association of the misfolded proteins. Typically, these aggregates are highly organized hydrogen-bonded structures that are more stable compared to the native protein. A wide variety of debilitating disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s, and dementia are directly linked with the deposition of aggregates in the cells. Understanding the theoretical aspects of protein aggregation provides a foundation for developing therapeutic strategies of preventing these neurodegenerative disorders.
UV-Visible Spectrophotometry: Introduction, Quantification, Equipment and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: C. Minchiotti Mariana
Published: October 2024

The UV-Vis spectroscopy is very useful to determine molecules or aggregates with chromophore groups. These groups are regions that have double or triple bonds that can absorb energy to promote the electrons of these molecular orbitals to excited states. Then, these electrons will return to their basal level releasing the absorbed energy. These energetic transitions are all different depending on the double or triple bonds and the environment (if they present auxochromes or if there is a conjugated system). This allows to identify different molecular aggregates, complexes or molecules. In this way, it is possible to follow enzymatic reactions in real time or concentration of chelates formed.
Perspective Chapter: TiO2 Electron Transporting Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jacob Olasoji Abimbola , Hyuk Im Sang
Published: October 2024

TiO2 is a very useful material for the fabrication of solar cells such as dye-sensitized solar cells, quantum dot-sensitized solar cells, organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, and perovskite solar cells. Among these, perovskite solar cells have been of great interest over the last decade because of their prominent properties such as high absorptivity, ambipolar charge transportability, convenient bandgap tunability, and solution processability. To obtain high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs), using effective electron transport layers (ETLs) of TiO2 is crucial to ensure efficient charge separation, which occurs mainly at the interface between the ETL structure and the perovskite photoactive layer. Therefore, this chapter will introduce TiO2 ETLs and cover how to prepare and modify the TiO2 ETLs to achieve high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.
Flexible MEMS Techniques for Multi-Physical Sensors
Authors: Wan Yongbiao , Qiu Zhiguang , Kang Lingfeng , Deng Zejia , Li Junze
Published: October 2024

Flexible microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) represent a promising frontier in advanced micromachining technologies, imparting mechanical flexibility to a wide range of electronic devices. This adaptability positions flexible MEMS at the forefront of innovation in smart wearables, soft robotics, and human-machine interaction. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of flexible MEMS techniques and their applications, with a focus on flexible sensors. Section 1 outlines the research motivations and highlights the key advantages of flexible MEMS. In Section 2, we discuss common flexible materials and detail two principal MEMS fabrication approaches: direct process on flexible substrate (i.e. conventional MEMS process aided by rigid carrier, inkjet printing, laser processing), and transfer printing techniques (i.e. soft lithography, screen printing, transfer processed components from donor carrier to receiver substrate). Section 3 reviews the applications of flexible MEMS in various multi-physical sensors, including those for pressure, strain, temperature, and humidity, as well as integrated multifunctional sensing systems. Lastly, we address the critical challenges facing flexible MEMS sensors and offer perspectives on their future development.
Theory of Dispersion and Attenuation of Light Wave Propagation in Fiber-Optic Cables
Authors: K. Bose Sujit
Published: October 2024

A fiber-optic cable consists of one or more optical fibers having slightly less refractive index for guiding the light wave. The central core of a fiber is either optically homogeneous or rendered inhomogeneous by technical processing for greater efficiency in transmission. The theory of dispersion of light waves through such types of fibers is presented here, based on the Maxwell equations by representing the EM field by the single Hertz vector Π instead of the electric and magnetic intensities E and H. The study of the phenomenon is presented in three parts. At first, a straight step-index fiber with homogeneous core and cladding is considered, showing considerable dispersion of propagating waves leading to formation of wave groups that might even burst. The effect of small bending of a cable line is analyzed next, and it is shown that attenuation proportional to the magnitude of curvature takes place in the propagation process. Finally, inhomogeneity of the fiber core is treated, obtaining a modified wave equation for Π, solving it for the parabolic index core of some degree α. Numerical study for the case α = 2, showed marked reduction in dispersion. The method is then generalised to a general index core and applied to a non-smooth profile of NZDSF type showing propagation without dispersion.
Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Büyüköksüz Engin
Published: October 2024

Metacognition refers to the awareness and regulation of one’s own thought processes. It involves thinking about thinking and includes skills such as self-reflection, self-monitoring, and self-regulation. When applied to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), metacognition plays a significant role in how individuals process and cope with traumatic experiences. The results of experimental studies proved that metacognitive therapy (MCT) is effective in treating PTSD. MCT for PTSD offers several key benefits, making it a highly effective and client-friendly treatment option. By directly targeting dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, MCT empowers clients to gain control over their thoughts and emotions, leading to rapid and sustained symptom reduction. Some studies specifically target chronic or complex PTSD, often resulting from prolonged or repeated trauma, such as childhood abuse or combat. Others focus on more specific types of trauma, like road traffic accidents or physical assaults. The studies generally aim to assess how well MCT works across different trauma types, offering insights into its versatility and effectiveness as a treatment approach. Additionally, MCT’s potentially lower dropout rates make it a more sustainable treatment option for clients, especially those who may find other therapies overwhelming or too intense.
Nutrition Screening and Assessment among Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Bakshi Neha , Khurana Amisha , Ferozi Shanza
Published: October 2024

Malnutrition occurs in critically ill patients with characteristic hypermetabolic responses and physiological stresses such as increased energy expenditure, protein catabolism, insulin resistance, fluid shifts, and inflammatory response. Severe complications are common among these patients which includes immune dysfunction, poor wound healing, and increased days of hospitalization. This chapter elaborates on early and accurate nutrition screening and assessment as keystones for improving critical outcomes in a vulnerable population. Different validated tools, like NRS-2002, Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, and Nutrition Risk in Critically ill (NUTRIC) score, were developed to guide in identification of the risk of malnutrition. A multidisciplinary approach is emphasized in the implementation of the nutrition care plan; likewise, extended anthropometric, biochemical, and functional assessments are also put to work, along with the prevention of complications, including refeeding syndrome. This comprehensive approach is highly important in developing timely and individualized nutritional interventions that can have a wide impact on the recovery process and minimize morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients.
Metal Up-Take in Biological Systems: A Review
Authors: Stransky Ogilvie Carlie , A. Spiers Graeme , F. Mallory Frank
Published: October 2024

This manuscript reviews the rise of environmental awareness since WWII and the resulting scientific and technological developments implemented since then to ensure healthy populations and a sustainable environment. Essential and non-essential metals are discussed in relation to their positive and negative impacts and their relationship to ecotoxicology, anthropogenic impacts, and natural sources. Metals originating from the environment are re-introduced, often in bioavailable forms from anthropogenic activities. Their movement throughout our natural systems is not always visible, making them difficult to study and understand. Although the effects of individual metals has been studied extensively, the amalgamated effects of multiple metals on individuals are not well understood. There are very few studies on the effects of many metals from multiple trophic levels. Understanding this level of ecotoxicology can be useful in understanding the in-situ effects that urban development and industries such as mining and forestry have on the local environment.
Use of Statins after Bone Osteotomy and Augmentation and their Antibacterial Effect: Narrative Review of Literature
Authors: Katanec Tomislav , Kuna Tihomir , Gabrić Dragan
Published: October 2024

Statins, a class of cholesterol-loweringdrugs, have been investigated for their potential benefits in oral surgery, particularly in bone osteotomy and augmentation procedures. Recent studies suggest that statins may stimulate bone formation and enhance the osseointegration of dental implants. This review examines the current evidence on the effects of statins on bone osteotomy and augmentation in oral surgery. The available data indicates that while patients with a history of bisphosphonate use may not face a higher risk of dental implant failure or marginal bone loss, they may be more susceptible to bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the impact of antiresorptive drugs, including statins, on dental implant outcomes and to identify optimal strategies for managing patients undergoing oral surgical procedures. The practice of fixed bridges and partial prosthesis can be and are iatrogenic to the existing teeth and bone. Dental implants have become a viable treatment option when there is sufficient quantity and quality of bone to achieve the desired functional and esthetic results. Horizontal ridge augmentation and contextual implant placement with a resorbable membrane and particulate grafting material can be used to reconstruct three-dimensional atrophic edentulous areas of the jaws, allowing for correct implant positioning and avoiding mechanical and prosthetic failures. The reduction in bone volume has many etiologies, including periodontal disease, pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, long-term ill-fitting dentures, and the general progression of osteoporosis with aging. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, may have a positive effect on bone osteotomy and augmentation in oral surgery. Statins have been found to stimulate bone formation and enhance the osseointegration of dental implants.
Mechanical Properties of AISI 410L Stainless Steel Parts Manufactured by Laser Directed Energy Deposition in the as-Built and Heat-Treated States
Authors: Marcos Sá de Sousa Jurandir , Pereira Milton , Thiesen Júnior Anselmo , Santos Ferreira Henrique , Gutjahr Jhonattan , Ribeiro da Cruz Juliane
Published: October 2024

Martensitic stainless steels (MSS) have extensive industrial applicability owing to their high hardness and resistance to wear and corrosion at milder temperatures. AISI 410L is a low-carbon MSS with better processability than the high carbon-content MSS grades. Additive manufacturing by laser directed energy deposition (AM L-DED) grants the benefits of geometry freedom, complex materials processability, and obtention of refined microstructures. Nonetheless, there are challenges because of the L-DED complex thermal history and brittle nature of martensite formed in MSS. Therefore, post heat-treatment are required to provide residual stress relief, martensite tempering, and overall mechanical properties enhancement. To synthesize the current knowledge on the factors affecting the mechanical properties of AISI 410L MSS processed by L-DED, while expanding the investigation on suitable heat-treatment routes, this work complies with original data and literature results to discuss how different carbon contents, building orientations, heat-treatments, and cladding procedures affect the microstructure, hardness, tensile, and Charpy impact mechanical properties of different MSS, in special AISI 410L, processed by L-DED.
Advanced Ceramics for Photonic Applications: A Rich Landscape
Authors: Bahari Hamid-Reza , Karatutlu Ali , Ortaç Bülend , Rafiq Adikan Faisal
Published: October 2024

This comprehensive book chapter delves into cutting-edge advancements in the field of ceramics for photonic applications, a field poised to revolutionize light manipulation and control. The chapter explores the unique properties and synthesis methods of these advanced ceramic materials, which make them ideal for developing innovative photonic devices. The chapter highlights critical areas like photonic crystals, nonlinear optics, integrated photonics, and biophotonic ceramics, showcasing their applications in high-performance optics, sensing, energy harvesting, and biomedicine. We also delve into the potential of transparent ceramics, ceramic upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP), transparent glass/ceramics, rare-earth doped ceramics, and ceramic metamaterials, highlighting the diverse applications of these advanced ceramic materials. By examining the latest research and developments in this rapidly evolving field, the chapter aims to provide a detailed overview of how ceramics can impact photonic technologies and shape the future direction of light-based technologies. Through a thorough review of these materials’ properties, synthesis techniques, and applications, this chapter serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and professionals interested in the intersection of ceramics and photonics.
Perspective Chapter: Silenced Voices – Childhood, Trauma, and Dissociation
Authors: Miño-Reyes Valentina , González-Cabeza Gastón , Nvo-Fernández Marcelo
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the complex social construction of childhood, questioning how its perception has been shaped by historical, cultural, and political contexts. Through critical analysis, it examines how the conception of childhood as a stage of vulnerability and dependence has perpetuated power dynamics that render children invisible and unprotected, facilitating abuses such as sexual abuse. Additionally, dissociation is addressed as a defense mechanism that, while initially adaptive, can become a significant obstacle to the recovery of victims, fragmenting their identity and complicating therapeutic treatment. The text underscores the need to reexamine our perceptions and practices surrounding childhood, promoting a more holistic and multidimensional approach that not only responds to trauma but also works to prevent it and mitigate its long-term effects. The discussion includes the importance of early support and the implementation of public policies that empower children as full-rights subjects, highlighting the urgency of transforming the social structures that perpetuate child vulnerability.
Machine Learning Assisting Intelligent Control of Evaporation Performance in Porous Media
Authors: Wang Hui , Xu Shaoxuan , Qu Zhiguo
Published: October 2024

In this chapter, four parts about how machine learning can assist intelligent control of evaporation performance in porous media are introduced: first, the two−/three-dimensional porous media structure information is restructured by machine learning; second, the coefficient relationships between porous media structure and transport performance are distinguished and built by machine learning; third, heat and mass transfer fields in porous media are predicting by machine learning; fourth, the best structure information of porous media can be restructured by machine learning. Finally, the conclusion and respective about the machine learning assisting intelligent control of evaporation performance in porous media in the future are introduced.
Extensive Farming Systems
Authors: Vidu Livia , Nicolae Enea Dănuț
Published: October 2024

Animal husbandry is an ancient occupation that formed the basis of the evolution of the human species. The consumption of animal products has contributed to the development of healthy humans, considering that foods such as milk and eggs are considered complete, providing all the essential amino acids that the human body cannot synthesise. The most interesting extensive animal farming is that related to transhumance, in the case of sheep herds, where the economic and social benefits left their mark on the evolution of rural human societies. This nomadic system led to the spread of the most valuable animal breeds and the development of milk, meat and wool processing techniques, with influences up to the postmodern period.
The Role and Availability of Food Processing Technology and Assorted Bean-Based Follow-On Products in the Modern Era: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: N. Kairupan Agustinus , H. Joseph Gabriel , Lintang Meivie , Layuk Payung , Polakitan Derek , C. Paat Paulus , Polakitan August , Yusuf Rachmiwati , Tandi Olvie , N. Salamba Herlina , Erik Malia Ibrahim , H.W. Rembang Janne , G. Kindangen Jantje , O.M. Sondakh Joula , Barlina Rindengan
Published: October 2024

An increased preference for healthy foods has triggered changes in production systems. High-protein foods are needed for body immunity. Consumption of vegetable protein sources in Indonesia is still dominated by soybean commodities, most of which are still imported. Various types of local beans that exist have not been optimally utilized. Food processing technology based on various nuts plays an important role in the modern world, especially in Indonesia. Food technology can be implemented according to the objectives of the processes and products produced including improving food security, increasing nutritional value, and sustainable agricultural practices. The important role of various peanut foods in people’s consumption patterns is interesting to study. This chapter is a research that aims to examine the role of food processing technology to increase the added value of various peanut commodities. By utilizing modern processing methods, Indonesia can meet the growing demand for sustainable healthy food options and the use of related products as animal feed ingredients, thus supporting the nation’s economic development and the growth of the food and animal feed industry. Grain-based food processing technology, namely through germination, fermentation, instantization, formulation and extraction can increase the added value of utilization, social, and economic.
Evaluation of the Effects of Naringenin on the Hypothalamic mRNA Levels of nesfatin-1 and CRH in a Rat Model of PCOS
Authors: Haghighat khadijeh , Mahmoudi Fariba
Published: October 2024

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder and a leading cause of infertility in women. Studies suggest that naringenin may improve ovarian function; however, its molecular mechanism within the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis remains unclear. Objectives: This study investigated the role of naringenin on the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and nesfatin-1 genes in the hypothalamus of PCOS rats. Methods: Twenty rats, each weighing 180 - 200 g, were divided into four groups (n = 5). Polycystic ovary syndrome was induced by administering estradiol valerate (2 mg per rat). The control and PCOS groups received saline, while the other two PCOS groups received intraperitoneal injections of naringenin at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg for 14 days. Hypothalamic samples were collected to measure gene expression via real-time PCR. Results: The PCOS group showed a significant decrease in CRH and nesfatin-1 gene expression compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Naringenin treatment significantly increased the expression of CRH and nesfatin-1 genes in comparison to the PCOS group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Naringenin appears to have therapeutic potential in improving ovarian function in PCOS. Its effects are mediated through up-regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides upstream of GnRH neurons.
A Comparative Study of Nurses' and Patients' Perceptions of Caring Behaviors in Oncology Departments
Authors: Hashempour Fahimeh , Ilkhani Mahnaz , Rohani Camelia , Nasiri Malihe
Published: October 2024

Background: Patients undergoing chemotherapy experience a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms due to the treatment they receive. The quality of care for these patients is primarily influenced by the caring behaviors of nurses. Objectives: Given that differences in the perception of caring behaviors between patients undergoing chemotherapy and nurses may leave patients' needs unmet, this study was conducted to compare the perceptions of oncology nurses and patients undergoing chemotherapy regarding nurses' caring behaviors. Methods: In this descriptive-comparative study, 97 patients undergoing chemotherapy in the Oncology Departments of Imam Hossein (AS) and Taleghani Hospitals in Tehran were selected through convenience sampling. Sampling was conducted daily from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. until the required sample size was achieved. A census was performed on 39 nurses working in these hospitals. Data were collected using a demographic information form and the Caring Behavior Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and statistical tests, including t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: Nurses had significantly higher perceptions of the assurance of human presence, respectful deference to others, and positive connectedness subscales than patients (P = 0.007). However, there was no significant difference in the perception level for the knowledge and skill subscale between nurses and patients (P = 0.72). Overall, nurses assigned higher scores to caring behaviors than patients (P = 0.011). The experience of previous hospitalization among patients was significantly associated with their perception of overall caring behaviors (P < 0.001) and all subscales. Among nurses, gender had a positive correlation with their perception of assurance of human presence (P = 0.02) and overall caring behaviors (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Given the differences in how oncology nurses and patients undergoing chemotherapy perceive caring behaviors, it is essential for oncology nurses to incorporate patients' perceptions when prioritizing their caring behaviors and to strive to provide patient-centered care at all times.
Dealing with Student Mistakes in Mathematics at Primary School
Authors: Janíková Marcela , Janík Tomáš , Pavelková Marie
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on how teachers deal with student mistakes during mathematics instruction at primary school. The theoretical framework encompasses a constructivist culture of teaching and learning and dialogic teaching. Two general strategies are distinguished: avoiding mistakes and using mistakes as opportunities to learn. The presented qualitative study is based on 24 audio recordings of mathematics instruction, supplemented by interviews with six teachers. Through axial coding, we arrived at seven categories that describe specific ways of dealing with mistakes: not responding; making students aware of a mistake; encouraging students to present proofs; leading students to a level where they do not fail; expanding the student network of mathematical knowledge; creating opportunities for presenting content to clarify mistakes; and providing opportunities for students to find the cause of their mistakes. The findings are discussed in the context of the constructivist approach to instruction.
Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Methotrexate in Generalized and Recalcitrant Lichen Planus: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Khurana Ananta , Sharath Savitha , Sardana Kabir
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Methotrexate (MTX) acts by suppressing multiple immune pathways involved in the pathogenesis of lichen planus (LP). Trials assessing the efficacy and relapse rates of methotrexate in LP are lacking. Objectives: Our objective was to analyze the efficacy and safety of low-dose methotrexate in generalized and recalcitrant LP patients retrospectively and assess the relapse rates in patients after stopping MTX therapy. Methods: We analyzed clinical and therapeutic details of patients of LP treated with low-dose MTX at our center. The cumulative dose and duration of MTX was calculated and the time to achieve disease control was noted. We analyzed duration of remission and time after which recurrences were seen post-treatment. Results: A total of 42 generalized and recalcitrant LP patients treated with low-dose MTX were analyzed. A starting dose of MTX was 7.5 mg (n=7) or 10 mg (n= 35) once weekly and was increased to 10/15 mg weekly in patients with inadequate response. Ten patients were lost to follow-up. Complete resolution was achieved in 30/32 (93%) patients within a mean duration of 14.76 weeks (4-32 weeks), and the cumulative dose of MTX to achieve remission was 153.58 mg (50-375 mg). Only minor side effects were noted in 12/32 (37.5%) patients, and none required treatment discontinuation. The mean duration of remission was 29.43 months (5-60 months). Conclusion:  MTX demonstrated high efficacy and a good safety profile in extensive cutaneous LP and may be a safer alternative to steroids for the condition.
Systematic Review of Nevus Counting and Reporting Methodologies in Contemporary Studies of the General Population
Authors: Jayasinghe Dilki , Naranpanawa Nathasha , Ashley Daniel Paul , Ingvar Åsa , Betz-Stablein Brigid , Soyer H. Peter , Janda Monika
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Having many melanocytic nevi on the skin is a risk factor for melanoma. However, the reproducibility of nevus counts in previous studies is limited due to high inter- and intraobserver variation. Despite the introduction of a protocol for counting and reporting of nevi in 1990 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), significant variations in nevus counting methods persist across studies. Objectives: We sought to review the variations in nevus counting and reporting methods, adherence and deviations from the IARC protocol, and the reproducibility of nevus counting studies. Methods: A systematic search of Embase, PubMed and Web of Science was conducted. The review was limited to nevus (>2 mm) counting studies of general population adults conducted between 2000 and 2022, and studies using skilled examiners. Results: Out of the 8 studies which were eligible for inclusion, none followed the IARC protocol. Three studies used a predefined criterion to count nevi. Five studies provided training for their observers. Three studies assessed the inter- or intraobserver variation using the correlation coefficient (>0.75), and 3 studies attempted to verify the validity and the reproducibility of the counts. There was little to no agreement in nevus counting and reporting procedures in the reviewed studies, and most studies did not report their procedures adequately. Conclusion: This review highlights the need for an easily accessible and feasible protocol for identification, counting and reporting of nevi, which also considers nevus counting from total-body imaging and automated nevus counts since these technologies are expected to become widely available for future studies.
Onychoscopy in Palmoplantar Psoriasis: A Comparative Study of Nonpustular Palmoplantar Psoriasis and Palmoplantar Pustulosis
Authors: Yorulmaz Ahu
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Palmoplantar psoriasis (PP) is classified as nonpustular psoriasis (NPPP) or palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). Objective: We sought to shed light on the phenotypic diversity of nail psoriasis (NP) and conducted a thorough study of the dermoscopic features of nail lesions from patients with NPPP and PPP. Methods: A prospective study included 35 patients with NPPP and 20 patients with PPP who had macroscopic NP changes in at least three of their nails. Demographic and clinical data, such as general characteristics, history, a thorough dermatological examination, and musculoskeletal assessment, were recorded. Each patient had their nails evaluated with video dermoscopy. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software, including descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: Dermoscopic patterns of nail lesions in both groups differed from those seen in psoriasis vulgaris (PV). Trachyonychia was the most common dermoscopic pattern among NPPP patients. Nail bed pustules were found in 75% of the PPP patients, and they were the most common dermoscopic finding identifying PPP nail lesions. In comparison to the NPPP group, patients with PPP had a higher frequency of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and higher PP and NP severity scores. In the PPP group, all patients with PsA had pustules. Conclusions: NP has a heterogeneous presentation and various clinical manifestations in NPPP, PPP, and PV. The differences in dermoscopic patterns of nail lesions among NPPP, PPP, and PV reflect the diseases' distinct characteristics. A thorough dermoscopic examination of the nails may reveal information about both the underlying pathophysiological pathways and the overall course of psoriasis.