bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Duloxetine Hydrochloride Tablets for Delayed and Complete Release Using Eudragit L 100
Authors: Yasmin Begum M. , Alqahtani Ali , Ghazwani Mohammed , Alhamood Noura Abdullah , Hani Umme , Jajala Avanthi , Rahamathulla Mohamed
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research was to optimize the preparation of duloxetine hydrochloride (duloxetine HCl) delayed release tablets. Duloxetine HCl produces a toxic substance called alpha-naphthol when duloxetine HCl is in contact with gastric fluid. Thus, duloxetine HCl when given orally needed a protective enteric coating that disable the delivery of duloxetine HCl in gastric fluid while enabling the drug delivery only in small intestine. Four different core tablets were prepared by direct compression technique, and the one which displayed quick disintegration and dissolution was chosen for enteric coating. The compressed tablets were enteric coated by dip coating technique. Since subcoating is required to safeguard the enteric coating, the core tablets were subcoated by using polymer HPMC K15M and then enteric coated with Eudragit L 100. The prepared tablets were assessed for the entire precompression and postcompression characteristics. FTIR study revealed the existence of all prominent peaks signifying its compatibility and authenticity. The in vitro studies showed that enteric-coated tablets were capable of restricting release in acidic media. The formulation F8 was optimised with 5% and 15% increase in weight of seal coat and enteric coat with good dissolution profile. Stability studies revealed that the optimized formulation was intact without any deterioration for 3 months. In conclusion, the optimized formulation could resist the drug release in acidic environment of gastrointestinal region and release the drug at a time once the tablet reaches the intestine.
Adipokines and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Post‐Menopausal Women: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Authors: Everson‐Rose Susan A. , Barinas‐Mitchell Emma J. M. , El Khoudary Samar R. , Huang Hsin‐Hui , Wang Qi , Janssen Imke , Thurston Rebecca C. , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Lewis Melissa E. , Karvonen‐Gutierrez Carrie , Mancuso Peter , Derby Carol A.
Published: March 2021

Background

The menopausal transition is characterized by increased cardiovascular risk, weight gain, and increased adiposity for many women. The adipose‐derived secretory proteins adiponectin and leptin are associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease but their role in subclinical atherosclerotic disease is unclear. This cross‐sectional study evaluated the associations of adiponectin and leptin with carotid artery intima‐media thickness, adventitial diameter, presence of carotid plaques, and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in women aged 54 to 65 years.

Methods and Results

Participants were 1399 women from SWAN (Study of Women's Health Across the Nation), a community‐based study of women transitioning through menopause. Carotid ultrasound and baPWV measures were obtained at SWAN follow‐up visits 12 or 13, when 97% of participants were post‐menopausal. Adipokines were assayed from serum specimens obtained concurrently at these visits. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate adiponectin or leptin, both log‐transformed attributable to skewness, in relationship to carotid artery intima‐media thickness, adventitial diameter, baPWV, and presence of carotid plaque. Covariates included age, race, study site, smoking, alcohol use, obesity, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and menopausal status. Lower levels of adiponectin were related to greater carotid artery intima‐media thickness, wider adventitial diameter, and faster baPWV; associations were attenuated after adjusting for cardiovascular disease risk factors. Higher levels of leptin were associated with greater carotid artery intima‐media thickness and wider adventitial diameter in minimally and fully adjusted models, and contrary to expectation, with slower baPWV, particularly among women with diabetes mellitus or obesity.

Conclusions

Adiponectin and leptin are 2 important inflammatory pathways that may contribute to adverse subclinical cardiovascular disease risk profiles in women at midlife.
Factors Associated With a Delay in Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy
Authors: Wang Melinda , Huang Julian , Chagpar Anees B.
Published: March 2021

Background

While the optimal time interval between mastectomy and postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) has not been well-elucidated, a delay in PMRT has been associated with increased local recurrence. We sought to determine factors associated with a delay in PMRT beyond 12 weeks in patients not undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

Medical records of breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy at our institution between January 2010 and December 2017 who subsequently received PMRT were retrospectively reviewed. As adjuvant chemotherapy can delay PMRT, patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Factors associated with a delay in PMRT (defined as > 12 weeks from the time of mastectomy) were analyzed.

Results

Among the 89 patients who met our inclusion criteria, the mean time from mastectomy to PMRT was 11.4 weeks. 24 patients (27.0%) had PMRT > 12 weeks after mastectomy. Factors associated with a delay in PMRT included black race ( P = 0.031), younger age ( P = 0.047), higher body mass index ( P = 0.015), contralateral prophylactic mastectomy ( P = 0.033), longer initial hospital length of stay ( P = 0.001), and more complications ( P = 0.025). On multivariable analysis controlling for all of these factors, only initial hospital length of stay (OR 1.63; 95% CI: 1.07-2.49; P = 0.024) was associated with a delay in PMRT.

Conclusion

Over a quarter of patients not undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy have a delay in PMRT beyond 12 weeks from the time of mastectomy. Length of initial hospital stay is the key driver in delaying PMRT.
Injury and Mortality Profiles in Level II and III Trauma Centers
Authors: Farhat Ali , Grigorian Areg , Farhat Ahmed , Chin Theresa L. , Donnelly Megan , Dolich Matthew , Kuza Catherine M. , Lekawa Michael , Nahmias Jeffry
Published: March 2021

Background

While the benefit of admission to trauma centers compared to non-trauma centers is well-documented and differences in outcomes between Level-I and Level-II trauma centers are well-studied, data on the differences in outcomes between Level-II trauma centers (L2TCs) and Level-III trauma centers (L3TCs) are scarce.

Objectives

We sought to compare mortality risk between patients admitted to L2TCs and L3TCs, hypothesizing no difference in mortality risk for patients treated at L3TCs compared to L2TCs.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the 2016 Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database was performed. Patients aged 18+ years were divided into 2 groups, those treated at American College of Surgeons (ACS) verified L2TCs and L3TCs.

Results

From 74,486 patients included in this study, 74,187 (99.6%) were treated at L2TCs and 299 (.4%) at L3TCs. Both groups had similar median injury severity scores (ISSs) (10 vs 10, P < .001); however, L2TCs had a higher mean ISS (14.6 vs 11.9). There was a higher mortality rate for L2TC patients (6.0% vs 1.7%, P = .002) but no difference in associated risk of mortality between the 2 groups (OR .46, CI .14-1.50, P = .199) after adjusting predictors of mortality. L2TC patients had a longer median length of stay (5.0 vs 3.5 days, P < .001). There was no difference in other outcomes including myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) ( P > .05).

Discussion

Patients treated at L2TCs had a longer LOS compared to L3TCs. However, after controlling for covariates, there was no difference in associated mortality risk between L2TC and L3TC patients.
Criminological futures and gendered violence(s): Lessons from the global pandemic for criminology
Authors: Walklate Sandra
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to foreground the gendered crime consequences of the global pandemic and to raise questions emanating from them for the future(s) of criminology. The paper reviews some of the criminological response to the pandemic offered during 2020. The global pandemic was constituted by some as providing the opportunity for a natural experiment in which criminological theories and concepts could be tested in real time and by others as an opportunity to further raise the profile of crimes more hidden from view, particularly domestic abuse. For the former, domestic abuse is constituted as an exception to what might be learned from this experimental moment. For the latter, gendered violence(s) are central to making sense of this moment as ongoing, mundane and ordinary features of (women’s) everyday lives. This paper makes the case that the evidence relating to the gendered consequences of Covid-19, renders it no longer possible for the discipline to regard feminist informed work (largely found within the latter view above) as the stranger, outside of, or an exception to, the discipline’s central concerns. It is suggested that the future(s) of criminology lie in rendering that stranger’s voice, focusing as it does on the continuities of men’s gendered violence(s) in all spheres of life, as the discipline’s central problematic.
Enhancing relationships between criminology and cybersecurity
Authors: Dupont Benoît , Whelan Chad
Published: March 2021

‘Cybercrime’ is an umbrella concept used by criminologists to refer to traditional crimes that are enhanced via the use of networked technologies (i.e. cyber-enabled crimes) and newer forms of crime that would not exist without networked technologies (i.e. cyber-dependent crimes). Cybersecurity is similarly a very broad concept and diverse field of practice. For computer scientists, the term ‘cybersecurity’ typically refers to policies, processes and practices undertaken to protect data, networks and systems from unauthorised access. Cybersecurity is used in subnational, national and transnational contexts to capture an increasingly diverse array of threats. Increasingly, cybercrimes are presented as threats to cybersecurity, which explains why national security institutions are gradually becoming involved in cybercrime control and prevention activities. This paper argues that the fields of cyber-criminology and cybersecurity, which are segregated at the moment, are in much need of greater engagement and cross-fertilisation. We draw on concepts of ‘high’ and ‘low’ policing ( Brodeur, 2010 ) to suggest it would be useful to consider ‘crime’ and ‘security’ on the same continuum. This continuum has cybercrime at one end and cybersecurity at the other, with crime being more the domain of ‘low’ policing while security, as conceptualised in the context of specific cybersecurity projects, falls under the responsibility of ‘high’ policing institutions. This unifying approach helps us to explore the fuzzy relationship between cyber- crime and cyber- security and to call for more fruitful alliances between cybercrime and cybersecurity researchers.
Physical Health and Delinquency
Authors: Hancock Katy
Published: March 2021

While physical health can impact a variety of outcomes, little research has looked at health and delinquency. Through a lens of GST, this study examines whether health moderates the relationships between strain and delinquency and drug use. Data from the 2011 NSDUH were analyzed; results indicated that, for certain strains, very good and excellent health predicted lower risks of committing some types of delinquency and poor/fair health predicted the higher risk. For youth in “no parent” homes in very good health and from some youth with chronic illness, however, the risk of delinquency increased. The overall results dictate the expansion of health programming and the complex findings suggest increased research on the nexus of health and delinquency.
Delinquency as a Response to Peer Victimization: The Implications of School and Cyberbullying Operationalizations
Authors: McCuddy Timothy , Esbensen Finn-Aage
Published: March 2021

As criminologists explore the link between bullying victimization and delinquency, they must grapple with measurement issues related to the operationalization of in-school bullying and cyberbullying. Accurately identifying victims has implications for school safety and implementation of policies to reduce the consequences of bullying. Using a longitudinal sample of over 2,000 students, we find youth who do not self-identify as victims of bullying but report peer victimization are likely to experience a number of criminogenic risk factors, and these “mismatched” victims are more likely than non-victims to engage in delinquency. While the observed consequences of victimization are similar across bullied and mismatched youth, we find that certain criminogenic risk factors are associated with failure to self-identify one’s victimization as bullying.
Fake news: aspetti linguistici di un nuovo genere testuale
Authors: Scarpanti Edoardo
Published: March 2021

Il presente articolo discute alcuni aspetti linguistici riguardanti la diffusione di fake news, o bufale, all’interno dei social media, un aspetto che risulta strettamente connesso con i due concetti sociologici e comunicativi di post-veritá e di propaganda politica. Dopo aver descritto alcune tendenze riscontrabili nei testi pubblicati sulle piattaforme social in Italia e, in particolare, nell'uso di un ristretto gruppo di elementi lessicali, si propone e si descrive brevemente il possibile legame fra tali elementi linguistici e la tendenza comunicativa generale alla post-veritá.
Iterative automatic global registration algorithm for multi-view point cloud of underground tunnel space
Authors: Guo Ming , Yan Bingnan , Wang Guoli , Nie Pingjun , Pan Deng , Guo Kecai , Liu Yunming
Published: March 2021

Aiming at the narrow and long tunnel structure, few internal features, and a large amount of point cloud data, the existing registration algorithms and commercial software registration results are not ideal, an iterative global registration algorithm is proposed for massive underground tunnel point cloud registration, which is composed of local initial pose acquisition and global adjustment. Firstly, the feature point coordinates in the point cloud are extracted, and then the station-by-station registration is performed according to the Rodrigues matrix. Finally, the registration result is considered as the initial value of the parameter, and the global adjustment of all observations is carried out. The observation values are weighted by the selection weight iteration method and the weights are constantly modified in the iteration process until the threshold conditions are met and the iteration stops. In this paper, the experimental data, made up of 85 stations of point cloud data, are from the Xiamen subway tunnel, which is about 1300 m long. When the accumulated error of station-to-station registration is too large, several stations are regarded as partial wholes, and the optimal registration is achieved through multiple global adjustments, and the registration accuracy is within 5 mm. Experimental results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm, which provides a new method for point cloud registration of underground space tunnel.
Risky Business: Cosmopolitan Culture and Risk-Taking
Authors: Sevincer A. Timur , Kwon Jung Yul , Varnum Michael E. W. , Kitayama Shinobu
Published: March 2021

Some metropolitan areas (e.g., Berlin, New York) have a cosmopolitan culture. That is, they serve as centers of economic development and value diversity, creativity, and equality. These areas offer economic and creative opportunities that are open to anyone willing to take a risk. Therefore, such cities may attract people who are high in risk-taking. We first showed that real-world risk-taking is more common in cities with a more cosmopolitan culture (Study 1). Second, we found that people who are more prone to risk-taking as measured by self-report (Studies 2a and 2b) and observed behavior (Study 3, preregistered) have greater preferences for cosmopolitan cities as residential destinations. Third, we tested a causal link between risk-taking and preference for cosmopolitan cities. Inducing a prevention focus (known to inhibit risk-taking) reduced people’s desire to settle in cosmopolitan cities (Study 4). We discuss implications for economic growth and migration to cosmopolitan cities.
Touch-Cure Polymerization at the Composite Cement-Dentin Interface
Authors: Yoshihara K. , Nagaoka N. , Benino Y. , Nakamura A. , Hara T. , Maruo Y. , Yoshida Y. , Van Meerbeek B.
Published: March 2021

Ceramic restorations are often adhesively luted onto the tooth prep. The so-called touch-cure concept was developed to yield optimum polymerization of composite cement at the restoration-cement-tooth interface for immediate bond stabilization. Although this touch cure is theorized to initiate polymerization at the interface when the accelerator in the primer makes contact with the cement, this process has not yet been proven. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of touch cure by measuring the degree of conversion (DC) of composite cement applied with or without an accelerator-containing tooth primer (TP) versus an accelerator-free primer using real-time Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR) and attenuated total reflection (ATR)–FTIR. Interfacial bond strength was measured in shear mode, the accelerator composition confirmed by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), and the interfacial interaction of TP and composite cement with dentin investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), focused-ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) with 3-dimensional interface reconstruction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RT/ATR-FTIR revealed the significantly highest DC when the composite cement was applied with the accelerator-containing primer. XRF disclosed a vanadium compound as a novel chemical accelerator within TP, instead of a classic chemical curing initiator system, to set off touch cure as soon the cement contacts the previously applied primer. Although the TP contains the acidic functional monomer 10-MDP for adhesion to tooth tissue, touch cure using the accelerator-containing TP combined the fastest/highest DC with the highest bond strength. FIB-SEM and TEM confirmed the tight interfacial interaction at dentin with submicron hybridization along with stable 10-MDP also Ca-salt nanolayering.
Pursuing Artful Movement Science in Music Performance: Single Subject Motor Analysis With Two Elite Pianists
Authors: Turner Craig , Visentin Peter , Oye Deanna , Rathwell Scott , Shan Gongbing
Published: March 2021

Piano performance motor learning research requires more “artful” methodologies if it is to meaningfully address music performance as a corporeal art. To date, research has been sparse and it has typically constrained multiple performance variables in order to isolate specific phenomena. This approach has denied the fundamental ethos of music performance which, for elite performers, is an act of interpretation, not mere reproduction. Piano performances are intentionally manipulated for artistic expression. We documented motor movements in the complex task of performance of the first six measures of Chopin’s “Revolutionary” Etude by two anthropometrically different elite pianists. We then discussed their motor strategy selections as influenced by anthropometry and the composer’s musical directives. To quantify the joint angles of the trunk, shoulders, elbows, and wrists, we used a VICON 3 D motion capture system and biomechanical modeling. A Kistler force plate (1 N, Swiss) quantified center of gravity (COG) shifts. Changes in COG and trunk angles had considerable influence on the distal segments of the upper limbs. The shorter pianist used an anticipatory strategy, employing larger shifts in COG and trunk angles to produce dynamic stability as compensation for a smaller stature. Both pianists took advantage of low inertial left shoulder internal rotation and adduction to accommodate large leaps in the music. For the right arm, motor strategizing was confounded by rests in the music. These two cases illustrated, in principle, that expert pianists’ individualized motor behaviors can be explained as compensatory efforts to accommodate both musical goals and anthropometric constraints. Motor learning among piano students can benefit from systematic attention to motor strategies that consider both of these factors.
Bright and Dark-Side Traits Associated With Interests in Commerce vs Science: Different Personality Profiles of the Scientist-Practitioner
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Treglown Luke
Published: March 2021

This study focused on the idea that there are predictable differences between those individuals who opt for Scientific rather than the Commerce/Practitioner jobs and consulting assignments. A total of 2278 adults from a variety of occupations completed three validated questionnaires: the first assessed the behavioural tendency of an individual when one is exposed to stress and which could derail one’s business career (HDS: Hogan Development Survey); the second the values and preferences that indicate work motivation (MVPI: The Motives, Values and Preferences Inventory), and the third, seven bright-side personality factors (HPI: Hogan Personality Inventory). The MVPI measured interests in scientific and commercial/enterprising activities. Correlations, regressions and SEM indicated both similarities and differences in the relationship between personality traits and values. Bright-side personality traits accounted for more the variance for those interested in Science while dark-side traits accounted for more variance for those interested in the Commerce. The biggest difference occurred in Inquisitiveness (Curiosity, Openness to Experience) which was much higher for those interested in science. Implications for personnel selection, job-fit and promotion were discussed.
Assessing Mobile Phone Attachment: Validation of the Mobile Attachment Questionnaire in Turkish University Students and Examination of Related Variables
Authors: Enez Özge , Yalçınkaya-Alkar Özden
Published: March 2021

The main aim of this study was to adapt the Mobile Attachment Questionnaire (MAQ) to Turkish culture. It was also aimed to investigate whether mobile phone attachment (MPA) exists in Turkish university students and whether it has the main characteristics of interpersonal attachment. This study also aimed to investigate the MPA’s relationship with nomophobia, smartphone addiction and materialism, and to examine the predictive power of them on MPA. The study group consisted of a total of 242 university students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the structural validity of the MAQ-TR. The goodness of fit indices met the model fit requirements for the four-factor 13-item MAQ-TR. Reliability analyses results provided high internal consistency coefficients. Correlation analyses results showed that individuals highly attached to their phones experienced more severe symptoms of nomophobia and smartphone addiction and materialists were more likely to accept their phones as attachment object. Regression analysis showed that nomophobia, smartphone addiction and materialism were significant predictors of MPA. Given that MPA is an understudied concept, this study provides a starting point for future researches on problematic and non-problematic phone use.
The Complexity of Drug Consumption Room Policy and Progress in Finland
Authors: Unlu Ali , Demiroz Fatih , Tammi Tuukka , Hakkarainen Pekka
Published: March 2021

Drug consumption rooms (DCRs) have been established to reach high-risk people who use drugs (PWUDs) and reduce drug-associated harm. Despite effectiveness, their establishment requires strong advocacy and efforts since moral perspectives tend to prevail over health outcomes in many countries. DCRs have generally emerged as a local response to inadequate central government policy. Likewise, the initiative of the Municipality of Helsinki in 2018 opened up a discussion between central government, society, and local actors in Finland. This would be the first DCR in Finland, which makes the policy process and the progress of the initiative interesting for analysis. In this article, the identification of agents, structures of interactions, environmental challenges, and policy opportunities are analyzed within the framework of complexity theory. Our results show that the initiative faces policy barriers that have mainly arisen from the conceptualization of DCRs in moral frameworks that result in the prolongation of political and professional actors to take a position on DCRs.
Reactivity and the Dialectics of Performance Measurement: Micropolitics Between Agency and Compliance
Authors: Woelert Peter
Published: March 2021

This article adds to the recent literature stressing performance measures’ reactivity by offering a conceptualization of the associated micropolitical dynamics and their implications for performance measurement. Using the example of individual actors’ “gaming” responses to the use of research metrics within Australian universities for illustration, this article argues that such responses reflect both passive self-imposition as well as active subversion of performance measures. It is illustrated that this implies that gaming reinforces metrics’ standing and sway over individual and organizational efforts while, at the same time, undermining the foundations from which performance measurement derives its legitimacy in the first place.
Explaining the entrepreneurial intentions of employees: The roles of societal norms, work-related creativity and personal resources
Authors: Ng Poh Yen , Clercq Dirk De
Published: March 2021

This article addresses the important question of why those in paid employment might be hesitant to start their own businesses. In particular, we predict how diminished work-related creativity of employees might mediate the relationship between their perceptions that societal norms do not support initiative taking and their own entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, we consider how risk tolerance and passion for work might buffer this process. Survey data, collected among public-sector employees in the United Arabic Emirates, confirm these predictions with the exception of indications for a buffering role of passion for work. For entrepreneurship stakeholders, this research reveals a critical factor – a diminished propensity to generate new ideas at work – by which employee beliefs about limited normative support for enterprising efforts may escalate into a reluctance to consider an entrepreneurial career. It also identifies how this process can be muted when employees are willing to take risks.
‘A long, narrow and uphill road’: The representation of Turkey–EEC/EU relations in the Turkish newspapers Cumhuriyet and Hürriyet (1959–2019)
Authors: Atay Ayça Demet
Published: March 2021

Turkey’s membership process to the European Union has been a ‘long, narrow and uphill road’, as former Turkish Prime Minister, and later President, Turgut Özal once stated. This study analyses the representation of the European Union–Turkey negotiation process in the Turkish newspapers Cumhuriyet and Hürriyet from 1959 to 2019 with the aim of understanding the changing meaning of ‘Europe’ and the ‘European Union’ in Turkish news discourse. There is comprehensive literature on the representation of Turkey’s membership process in the European press. This article aims to contribute to the field by assessing the representation of the same process from a different angle. For this purpose, Cumhuriyet and Hürriyet newspapers’ front page coverage of selected 10 key dates in the European Union–Turkey relations is analysed through critical discourse analysis.
Prediction of Academic Motivation Based on Variables of Personality Traits, Academic Self-Efficacy, Academic Alienation and Social Support in Paramedical Students
Authors: Ahmadi Ahmad , Ziapour Arash , lebni Javad Yoosefi , Mehedi Nafiul
Published: March 2021

Background

Academic motivation is one of the indices of success in scientific activities. Therefore, the goal of the present research is to predict academic motivation based on variables of personality traits, academic self-efficacy, academic alienation, and social support in students studying in different fields of paramedicine.

Method

The research was correlation-descriptive in which 183 paramedical university students in the academic year of 2019-2020 were selected by a two-stage cluster random sampling method, studying in the Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected through the Vallerand Academic Motivation questionnaire, NEO Personality Inventory Test, Sherer Self-Efficacy questionnaire, Fleming Social Support questionnaire, and Johnson Academic Alienation, and the collected data were analyzed (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression) using SPSS V.22 software.

Findings

The results showed that personality traits of extroversion ([Formula: see text]), openness to experience ([Formula: see text]), conscientiousness ([Formula: see text]), and self-efficacy could predict academic motivation, significantly; but neuroticism ([Formula: see text]), and academic alienation ([Formula: see text]) reversely related to academic motivation. Self-efficacy ([Formula: see text]) could significantly predict academic motivation. There was also a significant relationship between social support and academic motivation.

Conclusion

The results of the research illustrated that some of the personality traits and self-efficacy had a positive role in predicting academic motivation among paramedical students, and neuroticism and alienation had a reverse negative role in academic motivation. Therefore, in order to promote the academic level of students, it is necessary to improve the harmful effects of self-efficacy and some personality traits that improve better learning performance and quality.
Comparison of the Effect of Traffic Park-Based and School-Based Educational Interventions on Safe Road Crossing in Yazd Elementary School Students
Authors: Zare Asma , Dehghanitafti Abbas Ali , Rahaei Zohreh , Jambarsang Sara , Tolide Marzieh
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Traffic accidents are one of the most important health problems that cause many deaths every year. Scientific-practical interventions are needed to prevent traffic accidents. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of traffic-based and school-based interventions on the safe road crossing in Yazd elementary school students.

Methods

This interventional study was conducted on 132 students (66 males and 66 females) in two groups of school-based and traffic park-based intervention. A questionnaire was used to determine the safe crossing behavior score. Then, an educational intervention was administered to both groups. Two months after the intervention, safe crossing behavior was evaluated in both groups. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.

Results

In both groups, the score of safe crossing behavior was significantly increased after the intervention. The school-based group had significantly better behaviors compared to the traffic park-based group (P=0.001). There was a significant difference in the mean score of behavior between males and females and the intervention had a greater effect on female students (P=0.017).

Conclusion

Educational interventions and especially school-based intervention can be effective in improving the students' safe crossing behaviors.
Relationships Between Delusion-Like Experiences, Lack of Control, Pattern Perception, and Decision Making
Authors: Çetin Osman Görkem , Irak Metehan
Published: March 2021

Previous research has provided evidence for a relationship between illusory pattern perception and irrational beliefs. A common assumption is illusory pattern perception increases with an increasing feeling of lack of control. Delusion-like experiences include some of the behaviors related to irrational beliefs. Since no direct association between DLE and illusory pattern perception has been established, in this study we investigated the relationship between delusion-like experiences and illusory pattern perception for images with visual noise in a condition in which the participants were manipulated to lack control while controlling for another assumption which is jumping to conclusions bias on a bead task is predicted by delusion-like experiences. Results showed participants with delusion-like experiences produced more illusory pattern perception and false positive recognition for visually ambiguous stimuli. Participants who were manipulated to lack control produced more false positive recognition than the control group. A high level of delusion-like experiences predisposes vulnerability for increasing pattern seeking behavior under lack of control manipulation.
Myositis ossificans causing ulnar neuropathy: a case report
Authors: Choi Kyu Hwan , Park Sam-Guk , Baek Jong Hyun , Lee Wonho , Chang Min Cheol
Published: March 2021

Myositis ossificans (MO) can compress peripheral nerves and cause neuropathy. We herein describe a patient with ulnar neuropathy caused by MO at the medial elbow. A 28-year-old man with a drowsy mentality and multiple organ damage following a traffic accident was admitted to our hospital. After 3 weeks of postoperative care, the patient’s mental status recovered. However, he complained of severe sharp pain in his left medial forearm and fourth and fifth fingers. He exhibited weak fifth finger abduction and wrist adduction. Severe elbow joint pain was elicited during range-of-motion testing of his left elbow. Ultrasound also showed an edematous, enlarged, hypoechoic ulnar nerve lying above the MO, and the MO outwardly displaced the ulnar nerve. Elbow radiographic examination, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed MO development and compression of the left ulnar nerve. The patient underwent surgery; the following day, his left medial forearm pain completely disappeared with slight improvement in the motor weakness of fifth finger abduction. Ultrasound is a useful tool to easily evaluate the presence of MO and compression of peripheral nerves caused by MO.
Primary endobronchial paraganglioma with lymph node metastasis: a case report
Authors: Huang Xiao-jun , Wu Chengxiang , Chen Xi-yuan
Published: March 2021

A paraganglioma is an extra-adrenal tumor of the paraganglia often found in association with sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. A primary pulmonary paraganglioma generally presents as multiple small tumors or a solitary mass; however, endobronchial involvement is extremely rare. A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a chronic cough, intermittent dyspnea, and chest pain. Chest computed tomography revealed a rounded, high-density lesion in the left lower lung lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated an endobronchial mass characterized by smooth, hypervascularized mucosa. Transbronchial biopsy of the mass and immunohistochemistry results suggested a paraganglioma. The patient fully recovered after lobectomy and lymphadenectomy. Pulmonary paragangliomas are rarely reported. Complete surgical resection is considered the treatment of choice for pulmonary paragangliomas, and the long-term prognosis is generally good. However, life-long follow-up is mandatory because of the possibility of recurrence and metastasis. This case report adds valuable knowledge to the literature on pulmonary paragangliomas.
Applying a Multidimensional Item Response Theory Approach in Validating the Dimensionality of the Positive Youth Development Scale
Authors: Tsaousis Ioannis , Sideridis Georgios D. , Alahmadi Maisaa Taleb S.
Published: March 2021

Positive youth development has gained a lot of attention recently since it acts as a protective factor for several risk behaviors and other important life outcomes in adolescents and young adults. The main objective of this study was to explore the factorial structure of the Positive Youth Development Scale (PYDS) using multidimensional item response theory (MIRT). Three different models were examined: a unidimensional model, a multidimensional model with six distinct dimensions, and a multidimensional bifactor model, where each item was restricted to load simultaneously on a global positive development factor as well as a domain-specific one. Results indicated that the bifactor model provided superior model fit compared to the competing models, including a testlet and purified models. The study concludes with the advantages of MIRT models in dimensionality assessment and provides some suggestions for the improvement of the PYDS’ item characteristics.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Domestic Violence in Northeast India: Evidence From the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4)
Authors: Haobijam Sharatchandra , Singh Kshetrimayum Anand
Published: March 2021

Violence against women is now widely recognized as an important public health problem, owing to its health consequences. Domestic violence generally refers to violence against women that generally takes place in the matrimonial home, which includes physical, emotional, sexual as well as economical violence occurring in the adult relationship. Domestic violence has negative impact on the demographic outcome of a country or region, which includes the health and health seeking behavior of women. The present study is an attempt to investigate the socioeconomic factors that would significantly influence domestic violence in the northeastern region of India. The northeastern region of India comprises of eight states, including Manipur and Sikkim, which are reported having the highest and the least prevalence of domestic violence in the whole country according to NFHS-4. Considering these reports and having a different socioeconomic setup as compared to other states in the mainland India, we selected the region for the current study. Data from NFHS-4 conducted during 2015–16 is being employed for the present study. Findings show that education of women, wealth, women’s working status, religion, parity of women, and husband’s alcohol use are some of the significant covariates that might have influenced domestic violence. The overall prevalence of physical, emotional, sexual, and severe physical violence among women of northeastern India are 24.7%, 11.8%, 6.4%, and 5.3%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis computes the relative risks of categorical variables via the odds ratios. Those women who got higher education and are in upper wealth quintiles have less risk of experiencing domestic violence as compared to women in lower education and lower wealth quintile in northeastern India. There is no rural urban difference in experiencing domestic violence in the region.
Effects of Emotion Dysregulation on Post-treatment Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Depressive Symptoms Among Women Veterans With Military Sexual Trauma
Authors: Lopez Cristina M. , Gilmore Amanda K. , Brown Wilson J. , Hahn Christine K. , Muzzy Wendy , Grubaugh Anouk , Acierno Ron
Published: March 2021

Military sexual trauma (MST), defined as sexual assault or repeated, threatening sexual harassment while in the military, is associated with increased risk of long-term mental and physical health problems, with the most common being symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. In addition to PTSD and depression, MST is linked to difficulties in emotion regulation as well as poor treatment engagement. Thus, it is important to examine these correlates, and how they affect postintervention symptom reduction in this vulnerable population. The current study presents secondary data analyses from a randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of in-person versus telemedicine delivery of prolonged exposure therapy for female veterans with MST-related PTSD ( n = 151). Results of the study found that changes in difficulties with emotion regulation predicted postintervention depressive symptoms but not postintervention PTSD symptoms. Neither postintervention depressive nor PTSD symptoms were affected by treatment dosing (i.e., number of sessions attended) nor treatment condition (i.e., in-person vs. telemedicine). Findings from the current study provide preliminary evidence that decreases in difficulties with emotion regulation during PTSD treatment are associated with decreases in depressive symptom severity.
The Effectiveness of a Coordinated Response Toward Nonfatal Strangulation in Facilitating Evidence-Based Prosecution
Authors: Reckdenwald Amy , Mandes Chelsea L. , Fernandez Ketty
Published: March 2021

Many states’ laws now classify nonfatal strangulation as part of domestic violence as a felony offense, but prosecution of offenders remains challenging due to the nature of this type of violent offense. This study evaluates a coordinated effort designed to improve one county’s response to nonfatal strangulation. The impact of law enforcement training and specialized forensic medical examinations on facilitating evidence-based prosecution of nonfatal strangulation offenders is examined. Preliminary support is found for the effectiveness of the coordinated effort, highlighting the importance of comprehensive law enforcement training and detailed medical evidence in facilitating evidence-based prosecution.
Optimization of the hole exit shape of the vortex generator jets in a compressor cascade
Authors: Chen Cong , Chen Fu , Yu Jianyang
Published: March 2021

Vortex generator jets usually use a circular hole. The hole exit shape is also an important parameter, so the change of the shape will have a significant influence on the control effect of the compressor. In this article, the optimization design of the hole exit shape is studied in order to find the optimal geometry. The 2D hole exit shape is represented with a binary coded and initialized with the B-spline. The surrogate-based optimizer consists of a parametric design code, a computational fluid dynamics solver, a Kriging model, an infill sample criterion, and a genetic algorithm. First, the design of the symmetric hole is studied in a low ratio of the jet to inlet mass flow. The circumferential length of the designed hole is fixed. Second, both the symmetric hole and the asymmetric hole are studied. And the area of the hole exit shape is fixed. The results show that the optimal hole shape can enhance the strength of the jet vortex and reduce the total pressure loss of the compressor cascade. A better control effect can also be obtained in a high jet mass flow.
Research on the air–oil two-phase flow regime in an aeroengine bearing chamber based on Hilbert–Huang transform
Authors: Lu Peng , Ye Qihang , Fang Lulu , Yang Peijie , Yang Qinshan
Published: March 2021

The development of aeroengines toward a lighter and compact structure has put forward a stringent requirement on the lubrication systems, especially on the bearing chambers which contain complex air–oil two-phase fluids. Understanding the flow characteristics is of considerable significance to ensure the cooling and lubrication effect and to improve the working reliability of the aeroengine. Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) was used to analyze the spectral characteristics of the pressure signals in the bearing chamber, in order to establish the correlation between the energy indicator k and the flow regime. The influences of the operating conditions and lubricant physical properties on the flow regime were discussed. The findings indicate that this approach can distinguish two typical flow regimes in the bearing chamber. With the increase of oil inflow and the decrease of draft speed, the flow regime changes from homogeneous flow to stratified flow, and k shifts from high-frequency band to low-frequency band. At the same lubricant mass inflow, k shifts from low-frequency band to high-frequency band with the increase of lubricant density, and the oil film on the wall becomes thinner. As the viscosity increases, the flow resistance grows and more oil accumulates on the wall. The flow regime converts from homogeneous flow to stratified flow, with k shifting from high-frequency band to low-frequency band. In addition, higher surface tension will cause more oil agglomeration, which results in less stable two-phase flow with irregular and uneven distribution of the oil on the wall.
Design and optimization of bump (compression surface) for diverterless supersonic inlet
Authors: Arif Irsalan , Iftikhar Hassan , Javed Ali
Published: March 2021

In this article design and optimization scheme of a three-dimensional bump surface for a supersonic aircraft is presented. A baseline bump and inlet duct with forward cowl lip is initially modeled in accordance with an existing bump configuration on a supersonic jet aircraft. Various design parameters for bump surface of diverterless supersonic inlet systems are identified, and design space is established using sensitivity analysis to identify the uncertainty associated with each design parameter by the one-factor-at-a-time approach. Subsequently, the designed configurations are selected by performing a three-level design of experiments using the Box–Behnken method and the numerical simulations. Surrogate modeling is carried out by the least square regression method to identify the fitness function, and optimization is performed using genetic algorithm based on pressure recovery as the objective function. The resultant optimized bump configuration demonstrates significant improvement in pressure recovery and flow characteristics as compared to baseline configuration at both supersonic and subsonic flow conditions and at design and off-design conditions. The proposed design and optimization methodology can be applied for optimizing the bump surface design of any diverterless supersonic inlet system for maximizing the intake performance.
Investigation of rotating instability characteristics in an axial compressor with different tip clearances
Authors: Wu Yadong , Li Tao , Lai Shengzhi , Tian Jie , Ouyang Hua
Published: March 2021

It is believed that the rotating instability phenomenon originating in the compressor tip region is due to leakage flow, which is closely associated with the blade tip clearance. In this work, we have studied the correlation between the dynamic characteristics of blade tip flow and the size of tip clearance for a single-stage low-speed compressor rotor, so as to unveil the mechanism of rotating instability. The full-passage numerical simulations were carried out to obtain the variations in frequency, circumferential mode, and spatial flow field associated with rotating instability. The results of spatial mode decomposition with open clearance show the number of predominate instability modes identified are 25 and 30, respectively. By diminishing the blade tip clearance, all these unstable modes greatly diminished. The formation and propagation of the tip leakage vortex were described in detail to show the development of rotating instability. Two flow field reduced-order methods, proper orthogonal decomposition and dynamic mode decomposition, were used to analyze the flow field, energy proportion, and stability of related modes under different tip clearances. The results show that the first several modes with strong stability account for a large proportion of energy and make a major contribution to flow unsteadiness. The energy proportion and stability of rotating instability decrease as the tip clearance becomes smaller. The blade-passing frequency and its multiples emerge as the main components of the flow field.