bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Study of Lysozyme Binding with β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Behbehani Gholamreza Rezaei , Barzegar Lyla
Published: October 2011

Effects of β-cyclodextrin, βCD, on refolding of lysozyme was investigated at pH 12 employing isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) at 300K in 30mM Tris buffer solution. βCD was employed as an anti-aggregation agent and the heats obtained for lysozyme+βCD interactions are reported and analyzed in terms of the extended solvation model. It was indicated that there are two sets of identical and non-cooperative sites for βCD.
A Mathematical Model for Indigenous Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery in Anaerobic Metabolic Process
Authors: Xiu Jian Long , Yu Li
Published: October 2011

To successfully simulate the anaerobic metabolic process of Indigenous Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (IMEOR) and reduce the risk of practice test, a new mathematical model was established for porous flow field-microbial field coupling in anaerobic metabolic process according to the study on anaerobic microbe chain composed of fermentative bacteria, nitrate reducing bacteria, sulfate reducing bacteria and methanogen, and the solution of this model was given. The effect of IMEOR in anaerobic metabolic process relies on the regulation of microbe community. Equations about porous flow field affected by microbe in the model not only elaborate the impacts of microbe and three primary metabolic products (bio-surfactant, bio-polymer, bio-gas) on physical parameters, but also reflect the main mechanisms (emulsification, profile modification and viscosity reduction) for microbial enhanced oil recovery. Equations in microbial field influenced by fluid flow could indicate the substance distribution decided by fluid flow and the collaborative metabolism relationship on biological chain formed by microbe community. The coupling of porous flow field and microbial field should be solved together. The model supplies theoretical basis for the study on IMEOR mathematical model software.
ILL Effects of Tuberculosis Drugs: No More a Problem
Authors: Aishvarya Aishvarya , Gupta Vidhi , Preet Man , Punyani Kushagr
Published: October 2011

Facilitating the alteration of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of variety of drugs, nanoparticles are sort of particulate systems with the potential to minimize their ill-effects and increase the therapeutic benefit of the drug molecules in the human body. These particles deliver the drug at a specific target and help to keep the drug intact in the systemic circulation. According to previous studies, drug delivery system via nanoparticles has application in treatment of tuberculosis. With the understanding of chemotherapy in tuberculosis, the article highlights the considerable potential of nanoparticles in the treatment for MDR tuberculosis. We would also like discuss briefly on nanoDN`A-Biosensors through this article.
Effects of Wind on Hot Air Recirculation (HAR) Behavior
Authors: Borghei Leila , Khoshkho Ramin Haghighi
Published: October 2011

The air-cooled condenser system is impacted greatly by many factors such as the wind speed, the direction of wind and arrangement of site equipments. This paper concentrates on the hot air recirculation phenomenon and its dependence on ambient winds are numerically simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT. In this paper, two different wind directions (case A and case B) and wind speeds are considered: Results show that the hot air recirculation increases with the increment of velocity speed. Case A has a critical wind direction angle. Wind causes an air temperature increase at the fan inlet due to hot air recirculation, resulting in the deterioration of the heat transfer performance. The hot air recirculation is the main factor responsible for the reduction of heat rejection rate. In case A, fan inlet temperature is higher than case B. The peak value of the HAR occurs at 9 m/s in case A.
Zero Energy Building
Authors: Reza Afshari Basir Mohammad , Afshari Basir Nafiseh
Published: October 2011

Now a day’s consequences such as increasing air pollution and environmental contamination, reduction in natural resources and energy crisis which are due to the present industrial life, has made the human being to regard conservation of natural resources as the most important issue at the present time. Green architecture plays an important role in this regard by improvement in building efficiency, saving the energy, putting steps toward using new types of energy and all in all being in the same direction with the nature. Considering that 50% of energy consumption is done in buildings the idea of the Zero energy buildings is created to provide the energy needs in the 21st century. In the ZEB using the highest renewable technologies the balance between the amount of the produced energy and consumed energy is achieved. In this paper we tend to study the basics of construction of such buildings.
The Analysis and Improvement of Hydraulic Control System of Sealant-Spreading Machine
Authors: Ju Cai Xia , Li Feng Gang
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces the composing and the principle of hydraulic control system of Sealant-spreading machine _ a specific machine for insulating-glass made. It analyzes the matters of the hydraulic system that often appear on operation, and implements the methods of improvement to hydraulic oil, hydraulic valves, etc hydraulic system and its control circuit system. The improved methods not only reduce the production cost, but also improve the equipment operation stability. Practice shows that these schemes are effective and feasible.The improvement of hydraulic control system not only fulfils the technology demand of Sealant-spreading Machine, but also stabilizes the performance much more.
Design a Fuzzy Logic Based Speed Controller for DC Motor with Genetic Algorithm Optimization
Authors: Changizi Nemat , Moghadas Mahbubeh , Dastranj Mohamad Reza , Farshad Mohsen
Published: October 2011

In this paper, an intelligent speed controller for DC motor is designed by combination of the fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. First, the speed controller is designed according to fuzzy rules such that the DC drive is fundamentally robust. Then, to improve the DC drive performance, parameters of the fuzzy speed controller are optimized by using the genetic algorithm. Simulation works in MATLAB environment demonstrate that the genetic optimized fuzzy speed controller became very strong, gives very good results and possesses good robustness.
Dynamic Analysis of the Bioprosthetic Heart Valve on Different Fixation
Authors: Ye Xin , Yuan Quan , Cong Hua , Wang Shuo
Published: October 2011

This paper constructs the bioprosthetic valve leaflets’ parametric model via computer aided design, a series of accurate parameters of the bioproshtetic heart valve, such as such as radius of the sutural ring, height of the supporting stent and inclination of the supporting stent, are determined. Numerical simulation is used to determine the effect of different shape designs and attachment edge fixed ways on the mechanical performance of the bioprosthetic valve leaflet. The dynamic behavior of the valve during diastolic phase is analyzed. The finite element analysis results show that the stress distribution of the ellipsoidal leaflet valve is comparatively reasonable. The ellipsoidal leaflet valve has the following advantages over the cylindrical leaflet valve, lower peak von Mises-stress, smaller stress concentration area, and relatively uniform stress distribution. The different ways of the attachment edge fixed also have a significant effect on the dynamic behavior of the valve. Attachment edge with some degrees of rotation when seamed to the stent can act to reduce the pressure and make the stress distribution reasonable. Reasonable attachment edge fixation may contribute to the long term durability of the valve. This indicates the need to account for the attachment edge seamed way, when manufacturing the bioproshetic heart valve with long term durability. This work is very helpful to manufacture valvular leaflets with reasonable shapes and to prolong the lifetime of the bioprosthetic heart valve.
Determination of Flow Characteristics and Turbulent Heat Transfer in a Ribbed Roughened Square Duct, Part 2: Numerical Simulations
Authors: Etminan Amin , Jafarizadeh H. , Moosavi M. , Akramian K.
Published: October 2011

In the part 1 of this research, some useful turbulence models presented. In that part advantages of those turbulence models has been gathered. In the next, numerical details and procedure of solution are presented in details. By use of different turbulence models, it has been found that Spallart-Allmaras predicted the lowest value of heat transfer coefficient; in contrast, RSM1 has projected the more considerable results compared with other models; besides, it has been proven that the two-equation models prominently taken lesser time than RSM model. Eventually, the RNG2 model has been introduced as the optimized model of this research; moreover.
Antiwar and Extreme Pressure Characteristics of Quinazolin-4-Ones Derivative as the Potential Lubricating Oil Additive
Authors: Ouyang Ping , Zhang Xian Ming
Published: October 2011

Tribological study on a 12.7 mm diameter steel ball bearing specimen has been carried out in a four-ball machine. The synthesis of 3-(N-n-octadecylammonium) quinazolin-4-ones was described. The 3-(N-n-octadecylammonium) quinazolin-4-ones has been found to be quite effective as a potential ashless additive without phosphorus and sulphur in liquid paraffin according to the experimental results. Employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the film formed when the the additive interreacted with the metal was investigated.
The Design and Simulation of Wind Turbine Grid Controller
Authors: Ping Li , Zhang Kai Feng , Xiong Yong Liang
Published: October 2011

The future trend of wind energy conversion systems is to draw the maximum power from the available wind. Unfortunately this is not possible with high capacity wind turbine, as they can be rotated only for a particular speed. The wind turbine system stated here is a 3.2 KW wind turbine which is allowed to rotate at any speed to grab the maximum power from the available wind. The size of the wind turbine system is small, as a result they can be placed on the roof tops and de-regulation of power can be done. This wind turbine system provides a three phase variable frequency AC voltage and this variable frequency AC is converted into constant three phase 230V AC by using the converter and inverter systems.
Contribution to Rolling Bearing Reliability Modeling
Authors: Vintr Zdenek , Vintr Michal
Published: October 2011

Rolling bearings are usually considered to be non-repaired items the reliability of which is characterized by mean time to failure, or so called basic rating life. Reliability describes these parameters well in case the bearings are used in operation up to the very time the failure occurs, or during the time corresponding with basic rating life. In case of railway applications the bearings are often used in large groups and are preventively replaced after much shorter operating time as compared with their basic rating life. In the article there is a model which enables us to describe the bearings reliability in this specific case and to specify a number of failures which might be expected from a group of bearings during operating time, or to determine mean operating time between failures of bearings.
Suboptimal Guidance and Control Design for a Missile with Onboard Strapdown Seeker
Authors: Singh Netra , Sinha Manoranjan
Published: October 2011

Dynamic inversion control in conjunction with nonlinear suboptimal three dimensional (3-D) guidance law, in terminal phase, is implemented in both the pitch and yaw plane for a short range surface to surface missile with onboard active strapdown seeker. The implemented guidance and control laws intercept the target with a minimum miss distance in addition to meeting the various constraints such as line of sight, seeker field-of-view (FOV), and impact angle. This is achieved using approximate solution to Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation [1]. Dynamic inversion control is implemented in two time scales for the inner loop body rate and outer loop angles. Various nonlinearities including that due to the coupling effect between pitch and yaw channels are accounted for in the six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) formulation.
Structural Aspect of Symmetry and its Effect on Generation of Planetary Gear Trains
Authors: Rajasri I. , Gupta Avssks V.S.S.K.S. , Rao Yvd
Published: October 2011

Several methods have been adopted by different researchers to test for isomorphism in Planetary Gear Trains (PGT) and out of these isomorphic PGTs, one PGT is selected at random. There is no definite basis for selecting a particular PGT out of the isomorphic graphics for further generation process. Structural aspects and rating of the PGTs are useful in selecting one such PGT for further generation. Symmetry in PGTs is one such aspect. PGTs with symmetry generate more possible higher level graphs than PGTs with no symmetry.
An Efficient Stochastic Approximation Algorithm and Model Selection for a Class of Nonlinear Random Effect Models with Incomplete Responses
Authors: Dai Lin , Fu Ying Zi
Published: October 2011

A stochastic approximation expectation maximum (EM) algorithm is proposed to obtain Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of nonlinear random effect models in which the manifest variables are distributed as a reproductive dispersion model (RDM) and may be missing with ignorable missingness mechanism in this paper. A method composed of simulation step as well as stochastic approximation step is used to obtain the conditional expectation, whereas the M-step is executed via the method of conditional maximization. The most attractive point of this approach is that it is novel and non-trivial, which can be used to obtain the ML estimates and the estimation of standard errors simultaneously. Moreover, A model selection criterion is developed. Empirical results are used to illustrate the usefulness of the methodologies proposed above.
An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach for Analysis of Interactions among the Barriers in Reverse Logistics
Authors: Sharma Santosh Kumar , Mahapatra S.S. , Panda Biranchi Narayan , Sahu Sadanand
Published: October 2011

Reverse logistics (RL), which refers to the distribution activities involved in product returns, has recently received much attention because many companies are using it as a strategic tool to serve their customers and can generate good revenue. An efficient reverse distribution structure may lead to a significant return on investment as well as a significantly increased competitiveness in the market. Therefore, analysis of the interaction among the major barriers, which hinder or prevent the application of reverse logistics, is a crucial issue. Existing models have focused on diagnosing these barriers independently. As a result, the holistic view in understanding the barriers is not accounted for. This paper utilizes the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodology to understand the mutual influences among the barriers so that those driving barriers, which can aggravate few more barriers and those independent barriers, which are most influenced by driving barriers, are identified.
Running Model for a Compliant Wheel-Leg Hybrid Mobile Robot by Using a Mass-Spring Model
Authors: Kim Young Shik , Shin Dong Hwan
Published: October 2011

This research presents a running model for a compliant wheel-leg hybrid mobile robot. A wheel-leg consists of three legs arranged by 120 degrees to each other and passive compliant joints. For simplicity, each leg is treated as a linear spring such that a traditional mass-spring model can be applied to model running of the wheel-leg hybrid robot. In order to achieve stable running, we propose a simple controller that can converge a robot leg to a desired angle of attack asymptotically during the swing phase. Hybrid wheel-leg running is then simulated and results are discussed.
A New Approach to Kinematics Modelling of Snake-Robot Concertina Locomotion
Authors: Akbarzadeh Alireza , Safehian Jalil , Safehian Javad
Published: October 2011

In this paper, for the first time, kinematics modelling of snake robot travelling with concertina locomotion is presented. Next a novel kinematics modelling method is presented which has an advantage of allowing natural snake like locomotion. During concertina motion, certain parts of the body contract, expand or do not change their shape. This results into having different body curves for different parts of a snake. To simulate this, first we introduce a mathematical equation, called dynamic function, in which by varying a certain function parameter, body curve during motion is realized. To obtain concertina gait, the snake body is divided into three different modules, head module, tail module and main body module that connects the head to the tail module. Each module forms a specific curve which can be modelled using the proposed dynamic function. At each moment during snake locomotion, the kinematics of different links can be derived by fitting links to the body curve. Finally concertina locomotion is simulated using Webots software. Results indicate concertina locomotion can be obtained. Furthermore, the proposed dynamic function requires relatively lower computation requirement. Therefore, adaption of body curve to other real snake like gaits as well as mixed type locomotion is made possible. This works represents a first approach to a simulation of a snake-like mechanism in order to get basic characteristics of such locomotion and to enable our future research.
Modeling Abrasion Resistant Materials by Modeling Large Sliding Frictional Contact
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Jafar Taheri , Mousavi Seyedeh Mohadeseh Taheri
Published: October 2011

— In this paper, our goal is to simulate abrasion resistance material. We therefore need a robust algorithm to model this phenomenon which is a kind of large frictional contact problem. In order to reach to our aim, we have proposed a new method to impose contact constraints in eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) framework. In this algorithm, we have modeled large sliding contact problems by using the Node To Segment (NTS) concept. Furthermore, friction between two sliding interface has been modeled based on the Coulomb friction law. In addition, the penalty method which is the most convenient way of imposing non-penetration constraints has been employed. In our algorithm, new Lagrangian shape functions have been used to solve the problems of the conventional Heaviside enrichment function. Finally, a numerical simulation has been delivered to prove the accuracy and capability of our new algorithm.
Instantaneous and Time-Averaged Flow Structure around Two Heated Square Cylinders in the Laminar Flow Regime
Authors: Etminan Amin , Barzegar Abazar
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the flow characteristics and heat transfer over two equal square cylinders which are placed in tandem arrangement, are investigated numerically. The simulations are performed for a Reynolds number range varying from 1 to 200 and spacing between the cylinders is five widths of the cylinders. The calculations are carried out on a finite volume code for both steady and unsteady incompressible laminar flow in the two dimensional regime. In this study, the instantaneous and mean streamlines and isotherm patterns for different Reynolds numbers are presented. In addition, the effect of Reynolds number on the flow patterns around the cylinders are in detail presented. In addition, the quantities such as pressure and viscous drag coefficients and pressure coefficients are presented.
Influence of Training with and without Reward on Visual Inspector’s Performance in 3 Dimension Model
Authors: Watanapa Anucha , Kaewkuekool S. , Suksakulchai S.
Published: October 2011

This research was aimed to improve an inspector’s performance on the training through 3D model by motivation technique. The subjects were divided into 3 groups; the control, the feedback training, and feedback training with reward groups. The subjects participated in the last group would get rewards or punishments such as money given or deducted during the test with 3D model software with Thai characters and Roman characters representing defects and backgrounds. According to the experiment, the performance in terms of speed and accuracy in detecting defects in training with reward group increased. In other words, feedback with motivation training could make visual inspectors spend less time detecting defects to their minimum because motivation attracted them in the experiment. Therefore, the time spent seeking defects in this group decreased. The performance of training with reward group is higher than other groups which showed the statistical significance at the .01 level.
Derivation of Equal Area Criterion and its Application to Crack Tip Plastic Zone Analysis
Authors: Lan Liang Yun , Li Can Ming , Zhao De Wen , Qiu Chun Lin , Li Can Ming
Published: October 2011

A new linear yield criterion, referred to as Equal Area (EA) yield criterion, was derived in Haigh Westergaard stress space based on the projection area of its yielding locus on the π-plane equal to the area of von Mises yielding circle. Under the plane stress and strain conditions the crack tip plastic zone dimensions were calculated based on EA yield criterion and compared with those calculated according to the Tresca and von Mises yield criteria. The results showed that the crack tip plastic zone based on EA yield criterion is similar to that based on von Mises yield criterion, but is much different to that based on Tresca yield criterion. Meanwhile, the influences of Poisson ratio and loading parameter on the crack tip plastic zone were investigated based on EA yield criterion.
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis of a Thermal Power Plant for Enhancing its Reliability
Authors: Bhangu N.S. , Singh Rupinder , Pahuja G.L.
Published: October 2011

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) has a well deserved reputation for systematic and thorough evaluation of failures at the system, sub-system or component level in all manufacturing and processing sectors. These organizations are looking for the final product to be “safe and reliable”. FMEA helps designers to identify and eliminate/control dangerous failure modes, minimizing damage to the system and its users. This paper, as an extension to the prior research work, introduces an insight into the reasons of failure and its effects in a thermal power plant opted for the case study, based on conceptual designs in context of FMEA. The analysis takes into account preparation of appropriate diagnostic and maintenance procedures with the aim of enhancement of thermal plant reliability. The FMEA technique used may be helpful for the design and maintenance departments to curtail the downtime of the plant.
Stochastic Trajectories of Beads in the Galton-Board
Authors: Nuñez M. , Villa A. López , Vargas C. A. , Medina A.
Published: October 2011

The Galton´s board is a periodic lattice with fixed nails at its nodes, spherical grains travel through them due to gravity. This system is commonly used to show the central limit theorem when a big quantity of grains fall down from the upper edge. We show the convenience of this system to present the main concepts of Markovian-stochastic motion of only one particle.
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation for Battery Electric Vehicles under Inverter Fault Conditions
Authors: Park Gwangmin , Son Byeongjeom , Kum Daehyun , Lee Seonghun , Kwak Sangshin
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a dynamic modeling, simulation, and analysis of a Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) according to vehicle dynamic characteristics. Mathematical model variants for the components of BEVs can be modeled and investigated using the Matlab/Simulink software. In order to compare the dynamic performance of BEVs under inverter fault and normal conditions, the CarSim co-simulation platform is configured with real vehicle calibration data. Using this approach, it was possible to quickly check for dynamic performance issues of an electric vehicle without incurring the time delay and cost. The simulation results such as motor output, vehicle speed/acceleration, and propulsion forces are discussed and compared for each drive mode.
Physical Simulation on Temperature and Pressure Fields during Steamflooding through Horizontal Wells in Heterogeneous Reservoir
Authors: Luo Yan Yan , Cheng Lin Song
Published: October 2011

—Temperature and pressure fields distribution during steam flooding through horizontal wells is very important to researches. The present experimental study is conducted to investigate the effect of steam flooding through horizontal injector-horizontal producer when high permeability section exists in the horizontal section and the ratio of permeability is 1:8. And 13 differential pressure transducers with high accuracy are installed in the model to measure the pressure field variation in reservoir during the experiments. And 13 differential temperature thermocouples are put on the model to measure the temperature field variation. Water cut and cumulative oil recovery are obtained. And effects of heterogeneity on temperature and pressure fields are obtained from experiment.
The Special Chao and Singularity in a Simple Traffic Model
Authors: Gao X.R.
Published: October 2011

We have proposed a modified traffic model in which a single car moves through a sequence of traffic lights controlled by a step function instead of a sine function. We have found the complex behaviors in this simple traffic model and given three kinds of bifurcation diagrams. We have found that in this model there are chaotic and complex periodic motions, as well as special singularity. In this paper, we will introduce two special kinds chao which is different from general chao and the singularities of the simple traffic model. There are three different kinds of singularity which are single singularity, unsymmetic and symmetic double singularity.
Study of Determining the Concentration of Hydrogen Sulfide in Air by Methylene Blue Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Tai Ling , Zhou Ying Xue
Published: October 2011

Determination of methylene blue concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in the air is sensitive and rapid ect. However, the standard curve tend to appear low line slope, leading to measurement errors. In the preparation of ZnS colloidal process, it is nitrogen as the carrier gas and protective gas. Its direct impact on the ventilation conditions colloidal particle size and uniformity of the precision for the calibration concentration have the significant impact, particles size appropriate uniform colloidal solution and the concentration can be more stable and accurate calibration by the standard curve. It was drawn to meet the requirement that is possible, too large or too small particles on the experimental results will lead to a greater impact. This article is related to the verification experiment of nitrogen ventilation conditions (uniform or not) with aeration velocity on the slope of the curve standard. The experiment we have come to: In this study, ZnS colloidal preparation on passing the nitrogen should be uniform, and the ventilation rate is smaller and needed to continuously bubbling one by one, in which the case of the experimental results, it is required by the standard curve that is drawn 0.1489, spiked recovery rate of 97.5% and 99.0%.
Coexistence of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Authors: Gill Raminder , Singh P.
Published: October 2011

In the age of technology, with smaller and smaller electronic components being used in a growing number of applications, one pertinent application of mathematics and physics is the study of superconductivity. Superconductive materials are capable of conducting electricity without any resistance and were first discovered by Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911 in a compound He at 4.2 K in what was to prove to be one of the most significant scientific breakthroughs of the 20th Century. Superconductivity and Magnetism are mutually exclusive to each other but the coexistence of both the phenomena leads to very interesting research of superconductivity at room temperature. In this paper, we have studied the effect of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions on the superconducting transition temperature.
Studies on the Effect of Approach Angle and Process Parameters in Face Milling
Authors: Sadasiva Rao T. , Satyanarayana K. , Praneeth Y. , Gopal Anne Venu
Published: October 2011

Milling is the most widely applied machining process for producing flat surfaces and prismatic shapes. To minimize the process time and maximize the quality of the workpiece, it is essential to monitor the condition of cutting tool in machining operation and to optimize the process parameters. In the present investigations, experiments were performed on EN31 steel with un-coated carbide inserts in face milling with tools having different approach angles in order to determine the performance of the tool. The effects of process parameters namely speed, depth of cut and feed on tool wear of work piece were investigated. The cutting forces and tool wear are measured in order to evaluate the performance of the cutter. Acoustic emission signal was used for the online tool monitoring. A statistical technique, Taguchi design of experiments was used to optimize the machining process parameters such as speed, feed, depth of cut and approach angle.
The Solution of Lateral Heat Loss Problem Using Collocation Method with Cubic B-Splines Finite Element
Authors: Bildik Necdet , Demir Duygu Dönmez
Published: October 2011

This paper deals with the solutions of lateral heat loss equation by using collocation method with cubic B-splines finite elements. The stability analysis of this method is investigated by considering Fourier stability method. The comparison of the numerical solutions obtained by using this method with the analytic solutions is given by the tables and the figure.
Experimental Investigation on Improving the Aerodynamic Performance of Swept Aircraft by DBD Plasma
Authors: He Wei , Niu Zhong Guo , Pan Bo , Lin Qi
Published: October 2011

The experimental investigation on improving the aircraft aerodynamic performance by DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharges) plasma is described in this paper. The test has been carried out in a low speed wind tunnel with a wept aircraft model. The plasma actuators were set on the upper surface of swept wing combining with airplane body model. The test results presented include the flow field visualization by PIV (Particle Imaging Velocimetry), lift and drag characteristics under the plasma actuators off and on. The results show that the induced flow by DBD plasma may control the separation on the upper surface of the wing evidently, so that the highest stalling angle of the model increases and maximum lift-to-drag ratio rises, respectively. But with the wind velocity increasing, the effect of the plasma decreases gradually.
Optoelectronic Properties of Vanadyl phthalocyanine Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Devices
Authors: Murtaza Imran , Karimov Khasan S. , Sayyad Muhammad H. , Qazi Ibrahim
Published: October 2011

The Optoelectronic properties of organic-inorganic hybrid devices consisting of Ag/VOPc/n-Si/Ag structure have been investigated through analyzing the current-voltage characteristics. We have also studied the effect of illumination on the open circuit voltage, capacitance and reverse resistance with consideration of VOPc film thickness. The dark I-V characteristics display rectification behaviour of such hybrid structures and a very high photo-capacitive response under illumination of 200 lx is observed. Furthermore due to the generation of photo induced charges, under illumination, the decrease in reverse bias resistance to one third of its value is observed.
Physical Parameters that Influence the Effectiveness of Ionizing Radiation at Low Doses
Authors: Yousif Abubaker Ali , Bahari Ismail Bin , Yasir Muhamad Samudi
Published: October 2011

Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the inactivation of V79 cells were determined using the initial slopes of survival curves (published in literature), the physical quality parameters are interpolated utilizing the standard values relevant to charged particles such as protons and heliums. The issues of utilizing physical parameters as quantifier of radiation effects that influence the effectiveness have been investigated. The results show that the effectiveness may represent in terms of other physical parameters rather than linear energy transfer (LET). Meanwhile, mean free path for linear primary ionization (λ) is expressed the generalized specifier physical quality parameter to quantify ionizing radiation effects at lower doses. Therefore, plot of mean free path as a function of RBE has been made to identify the physical features of this parameter as an alternative physical quality for LET.
Work around Moore’s Law: Current and next Generation Technologies
Authors: Mohamed Khaled Salah
Published: October 2011

Interconnect dimensions and CMOS transistor feature size approach their physical limits, therefore scaling will no longer play an important role in performance improvement. So, instead of trying to improve the performance of traditional CMOS circuits, integration of multiple technologies and different components in a heterogeneous system that is high performance will be introduced “moore than more” and CMOS replacement”beyond CMOS” will be explored. This paper focuses on Technology level trends where it presents “More Moore”:New Architectures (SOI, FinFET, Twin-Well),”More Moore” :New Materials (High-K, Metal Gate, Strained-Si) ,”More than Moore”:New Interconnects Schemes (3D, NoC, Optical, Wireless), and ”Beyond CMOS” :New Devices (Molecular Computer, Biological computer, Quantum Computer) .
Quantum Spectra and Classical Orbits in Artificial Atom
Authors: Lu Jun
Published: October 2011

We define a quantum spectrum function using the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions in the system of two-dimensional artificial atom. We find that the Fourier transform of the quantum spectrum function reveals a lot of information of the classical closed orbits and the classical opened orbits from one point to another. These results give new evidence about the classical-quantum correspondence.
Model of Electron Scattering of Strained Si /Si1-xGex (100)
Authors: Song Jian Jun , Wu Hua Ying , Zhang He Ming , Hu Hui Yong , Shan Heng Sheng
Published: October 2011

Based on Fermi's golden rule and the theory of Boltzmann collision term approximation, taking into account all the scattering mechanisms contributed by ionized impurity, acoustic phonon and intervalley phonon, the model of total scattering rate of strained Si/(100) Si1-xGex is established. Simulating of the scattering models with Matlab software, it was found that the total scattering rate of electron in strained Si/(100) Si1-xGex decreases obviously with the increasing stress when Ge fraction x is less than 0.2 and the values continue to show a constant tendency, and that the total electron scattering rate of strained Si/(100) Si1-xGex decreases about 57% at most comparison with one of unstrained Si. The result can provide valuable references to the research of electron mobility of strained Si materials and the design of NMOS devices.
PFCHA: A New Moving Object Tracking Algorithms Based on Particle Filter and Histogram
Authors: Yang Qi , Jiang Jia Fu
Published: October 2011

The complexity of the video background of moving target tracking algorithm led to the robustness of the important reasons is not high for the limitations of existing algorithms, a framework based on the movement of particle filter tracking algorithm. In order to reduce the impact of occlusion for the algorithm, the algorithm of moving objects make full use of color and motion characteristics of moving target detection, and to avoid the interference of the complex background, within the framework of particle filter in the object color histogram analysis. Finally, given an effective comparison of the calculation. Experimental results show that particle filter based target tracking algorithm can effectively remove the interference of the complex background, the context for any trace detection of high robustness.
Optimized Design of Parameters for Wedge-Crystal Depolarizer
Authors: Ge Jing Hua , Chen Zhe , Chen Yin Fang , Chen Chun Yan , Zhai Yan Fang , Zhang Jun , Sui Zhan , Lin Hong Huan , Wang Jian Jun , Deng Qing Hua
Published: October 2011

The principle of wedge-crystal depolarizer was introduced and an optimal parameters combination of polarization direction, wedge angle, pupil size was obtained by using Mueller matrix. The design of depolarizer should be determined by crystal refraction index, wavelength, and incident pupil size. Calculation and simulation based on software show that degree of polarization (DOP) can be improved by increasing pupil size and wedge angle. Some significant conclusions for the optimized design of parameters were gained for fabricating crystal depolarizers.
Phenomenological Model for Pyroelectric Effects of Nano Graded Ferroelectric Films
Authors: Chen Hui , Cheng Tai Min
Published: October 2011

In order to improve the pyroelectric properties of nanograded ferroelectric films (NGFF), and provide a theoretical reference for practical applications, the generalized Ginzburg-Landau-Denvonshire (GLD) theory is adopted to investigate the pyroelectric properties of the NGFF. A function is introduced to characterize the local structure in nanograded films. Influence of the local structure, film thickness and external electric field on the polarization distribution and pyroelectric properties are mainly discussed. The numerical results show that parameterand film thickness are two very important factors that influence the film properties, larger values lead to smaller spontaneous polarization and lower pyroelectric peak. Different directions of the external electric field can lead to greatly different effects on pyroelectric behaviors, whose effects is to expand the working temperature region, or else, change the order of phase transition.
Degradation of Metal-Supported SOFC and One Powerful Investigation Method: Multi-Scale Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Huang Qiu An , Mei Su Zhen , Xu Ling Fang , Yang Wei Ming
Published: October 2011

Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has a varieties of potential advantages compared to the traditional ceramic supported SOFC. However, degradation issue of metal-supported SOFC is seriously impeding its further development, in particular, the inter-diffusion and interaction of iron, chromium and nickel at substrate/anode interface is known to be a key issue responsible for cell rapid degradation. With respect to the complexity and nonlinearity of degradation mechanism, multi-scale modeling and simulation is regarded as one powerful method to gain a deep insight on degradation mechanism. In present work, multi-scale models were presented to investigate multi-scale physicochemical phenomena happening at interface of anode/substrate, with the attempt to reveal degradation mechanism. The research procedure for the above goal was addressed in detail as well.
Optimum Critical Buckling of Functional Graded Plates under Non-Linear Temperature by Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm
Authors: Mozafari Hamid , Abdi Behzad , Amran Ayob , Alias Amran
Published: October 2011

This paper presents an approach to optimization of critical buckling temperature based on imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) for functional graded plates (FGP) to non-uniform distributed temperature load. The objective is to maximize the critical temperature capacity of a functional graded plate. The third-order shear deformation theory is used in the mathematical formulation. The numerical results reveal that the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) can efficiently minimize critical buckling under non-linear temperature on the FG plates.
Effects of Screw Fastening Sequence to Top Cover Loosening in Hard Disk Drive Assembly
Authors: Suknikhom Kampol , Jongpradist Pattaramon , Chutima Surachate , Kamnerdtong Thoatsanope
Published: October 2011

In hard disk drive assembly process, a number of small screws around the perimeter of the top cover are used to attach the top cover to the base. When one of the screws is fastened, screw loosening at the other screw heads can frequently be observed. . This research employs a three-dimensional finite element analysis to compare the effects of three different screw tightening sequences to top cover loosening in a 3.5-inch hard disk drive assembly. The top cover deformation and the contact forces at the screw heads of the three sequences are presented and discussed. Among the three sequences, the across pattern has shown to be the most appropriate sequence in which a minimum screw loosening occurs.
Direct Metal Deposition of Stainless Steel Wire Using Metal Inert Gas as Heat Source for Repair Purposes
Authors: Hussein Nur Izan Syahriah , Sayuti Mohd Seiful Ezuan , Ayof Mohamad Nizam
Published: October 2011

Direct metal deposition (DMD) using wire feedstock than powder feeding offers potential advantages such as high material usage efficiency and deposition rate and therefore employed in this work. The deposition process was conducted using metal inert gas (MIG) as the heat source. This study involves manipulating one variable that is deposition parameter to determine if changes in this variable cause changes in another variable that is microstructure and hardness variation. The deposited material was characterized by means of optical microscope and Rockwell microhardness testing machine. In addition, Design Expert Software that implemented Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique was used in determining optimization of parameters. Results from the software were compared to the results obtained from the experimental works. This study shows that the deposition parameters such as current, arc voltage and travel speed significantly affect the microstructural development and microhardness variations of the stainless steel deposited structure. At the end of this study, directions for future work were suggested in order to further enhance the microstructural and microhardness properties of deposited material.)
Optimization of GMAW Process Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm
Authors: Aghakhani Masood , Jalilian Maziar Mahdipour , Karami Alimohammad , Jalilian Mahyar Mahdipour
Published: October 2011

In Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process, one of the main goals is to reach high depth of penetration as a characteristic of quality. This requires high amount of input heat. On the other hand high amount of input heat causes the increase in dimensions of heat affected zone (HAZ) which is not desirable. In this paper, an objective function including both depth of penetration of weld bead and the width of heat affected zone namely F = (HAZ+t) / (P+t) has been considered where, HAZ, P, and t denote the width of heat affected zone, the depth of penetration, and thickness of test pieces respectively. A five level five factor rotatable central composite design was used to collect the data for depth of penetration and width of heat affected zone. After collecting the data, the regression equation of objective function was obtained as a function of wire feed rate, welding voltage, nozzle-to-plate distance, welding speed and gas flow rate using least squares method. Then the objective function (f) was minimized by using the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm. One can be sure that the width of HAZ will decrease and the depth of penetration will increase due to minimization of the objective function. The computational result demonstrates that the proposed optimization algorithm is quiet effective in minimizing the objective function. The result shows that in order to obtain higher depth of penetration and lower width of heat affected zone at the same time, wire feed rate, arc voltage and nozzle-to-plate distance must be at their lowest levels while welding speed and gas flow rate should be at their highest levels.
Adaptive Dynamic Surface Control of a Supersonic Flight Vehicle
Authors: Butt Waseem Aslam , Yan Lin , Kendrick Amezquita S.
Published: October 2011

The design of a nonlinear adaptive dynamic surface controller for the longitudinal model of a hypothetical supersonic flight vehicle is considered in this work. The uncertain nonlinear functions in the strict feedback flight vehicle model are approximated by using radial basis function neural networks. A detailed stability analysis of the designed angle-of-attack controller shows that all the signals of the closed loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded. The performance of the designed controller is verified through numerical simulations of the flight vehicle model.
Study of Electroosmotic Flow in a Nanotube with Power Law Fluid
Authors: Ganji Davood D. , Gorji-Bandpy Mofid , Mostofi Mehdi
Published: October 2011

In this paper, electroosmotic phenomena in power law fluids are investigated. This assumption is applicable in many cases such as blood. Flow channels assumed to be in nanoscale. Navier-Stokes, Poisson-Boltzmann and electrochemical equilibrium equations govern these phenomena. It is notable that, these governing equations should be modified according to fluid complexity. Electroosmotic phenomena occur in the presence of electric double layer (EDL). Potential in the edge of the inner layer (stern layer) is called zeta potential. In this paper, according to follow the applicability of the subject, zeta potential is assumed to be so small, that makes the Poisson-Boltzmann equation linear and be able to solve analytically. Method employed for analytical solution is based on developed Bessel differential equation. This paper aims to investigate the fluid properties, zeta potential and Debye-Huckel parameter effect on the viscosity, electroosmotic mobility and velocity field in the nanotube. These expected achievements help us to study the properties of blood and some other non-Newtonian fluids more precisely.
The Application of Non-Esterified Biodiesel in a Diesel Engine
Authors: Oh Youngtaig , Choi Seung Hun , Janchiv Azjargal
Published: October 2011

Nowadays, various environmental regulations are being strengthened because of air pollution caused by exhaust gas emission of the automobiles. Biodiesel has been recognized as an alternative energy resource since it can be used without the modification of existing diesel engines and contains oxygen in itself, so the engine performance didn’t have large differences in comparison with the diesel fuel but remarkably reduces smoke emissions. The main objective of this study is to investigate usability of non-esterified biodiesel as an alternative fuel in a common rail direct injection diesel engine. The non-esterified biodiesel has not generated glycerin in esterificaion process and reduced the 20 percent of cost because it has not used methanol in the production process. Experiments were conducted by using the 5 percentage of biodiesel and 4 percentage of biodiesel with 1 percentage of WDP (water dipole power) in diesel fuel. Based on the experimental analysis the smoke emission of biodiesel was reduced significantly, but power, torque, and brake specific energy consumption was similar in comparison with commercial diesel fuel.