bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Berlin between past, present and future
Authors: Arandjelovic Biljana , Pogacar Kaja
Published: March 2010

Berlin is one of the most interesting European cities. In the Cold War period, The Berlin Wall physically divided West Berlin and East Berlin for 28 years in period from August 1961 till November 1989. Berlin was also the symbolic boundary between West countries and Communism during the Cold War, which influenced also the architectural development in the city. The city was the biggest building site in Europe in the period of 1990s. Today, Berlin is an important art center with around 1500 cultural events daily. Berlin is also since 2005 the only European UNESCO city of design.
Effect of actual vapor pressure on estimating evapotranspiration at Serbia
Authors: Trajkovic Slavisa , Zivkovic Svetlana
Published: March 2010

Actual vapor pressure (VP) is an important parameter that is used in many evapotranspiration equations. However, vapor pressure is difficult to measure accurately. In the humid climate, the actual vapor pressure can be derived from minimum air temperature. The objectives of this study were: first, to estimate errors that can arise if VP data are not available and have to be estimated; second, to compare the Priestley-Taylor ET0 values computed under various levels of VP data availability; and third, to evaluate the reliability of Priestley-Taylor equation as compared to the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. The following main conclusions can be drawn: Estimated VP values generally were in closest agreement with measured VP values. The measurements of air humidity at humid locations are not indispensable for estimating reference evapotranspiration. The Priestley-Taylor method (with measured or estimated VP) provides the very good agreement with the evapotranspiration obtained by the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method except windless locations.
Flipped parameter technique applied on source localization in energy constraint sensor arrays
Authors: Pavlovic Vlastimir , Velickovic Zoran
Published: March 2010

In this paper novel flipped parameter technique (FPT) for time delay estimation (TDE) in source localization problem is described. We propose passive source localization technique based on the development of an energy efficient algorithm that can reduce intersensor and interarray communication. We propose a flipped parameter (FP) which can be defined for any sensor in distributed sensor subarrays during the observation period. Unlike classical TDE methods that evaluate cross-correlation function, FPT requires evaluation based upon single sensor signal. The computed cross correlation between a signal and its analytic 'flipped' pair (flipped correlation) is a smooth function which peak (time delay) can be accurately detected. Flipped parameters are sufficient to determine all differential delays of the signals related to the same source. The flipped parameter technique can be used successfully in two-step methods of passive source localization with significantly less energy in comparison to the classic cross correlation. The use of FPT method is especially significant for the energy constrain distributed sensor subarrays. Using synthetic seismic signals, we illustrate the error of the source localization for classical and proposed method in the presence of noise. We demonstrate the performance improvement in noise environment of the proposed technique in comparison to the classic methods that use real signals. The proposed technique gives accurate results for both coherent and non-coherent signals.
Nonpolar compounds from Luffa aegyptiaca fruit
Authors: Nirmal S.A. , Kothawade P.C. , Datir S.B. , Pal S.C. , Mandal S.C. , Pattan S.R.
Published: March 2010

The unsaponifiable and saponifiable constituents from the alcoholic extract of Luffa aegyptiaca fruit (Cucurbitaceae) were investigated by GC-MS. The results showed the presence of hydrocarbons viz., n-tricosane (0.41 %), n-tetracosane (0.83 %), nhexacosane (2.02 %), n-heptacosane (4.88 %), n-octacosane (2.57 %) and fatty acids viz., nanodecane-6-ol (17.65 %), eicosane-6-ol (2.54 %), dieicosane-6-ol (7.85 %), tetraeicosane-6-ol (1.75 %).
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of cobalt metal complex against multi drug resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens
Authors: Saha Subhasish , Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai , Chandraleka Sarvanan , Panneerselvam Annamalai
Published: March 2010

Cobalt complex with histidine ligand was synthesized and physico-chemically characterized by solubility testing, melting point, UV-spectra and FTIR. The synthesized metal complex was evaluated for in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity against the multidrug resistant pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. The metal complex showed the significant antibacterial and antifungal activity comparison with commercial antibiotics. Further work can be extended through In-silico docking of this metal complex and bacterial, fungal genome which can be given a better idea about genome metal interaction in molecular level.
A portable measurement system for the evaluation of human gait
Authors: Stefanovic Filip , Caltenco Hector
Published: March 2010

A tool has been developed which can be used to evaluate human gait in a more detailed manner. Its purpose is to record data from an individual during gait then categorize and analyze the intrinsic phases with neuro-fuzzy techniques. The system is simple to use, adaptive, highly mobile, and does not require calibration. The hardware consists of four accelerometers and four force sensitive resistors to record data during walking which is then prepared and collected by a digital device and PDA computer. The gait data is passed into an intelligent fuzzy inference system managed by custom defined fuzzy rules to be classified into four stance phases (heel strike, flat foot, heel lift, toe push-off), and three swing phases (initial flexion, terminal flexion, and terminal extension). After the fuzzy system was trained using data from five healthy subjects, the system's representative gait classification root mean squared error dropped from 0.2975 to 0.1200, showing a much improved ability to categorize human gait, despite its varied nature. The system represents a robust tool, which can be used in a clinical environment for the analysis of human gait in rehabilitative applications such as rule based control generation for functional electrical stimulation, and gait quality analysis.
An improved AC-amplifier for electrophysiology
Authors: Jorgovanovic Nikola , Bojanic Dubravka , Ilic Vojin , Stanisic Darko
Published: March 2010

We present the design, simulation and test results of a new AC amplifier for electrophysiological measurements based on a three op-amp instrumentation amplifier (IA). The design target was to increase the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR), thereby improving the quality of the recorded physiological signals in a noisy environment. The new amplifier actively suppresses the DC component of the differential signal and actively reduces the common mode signal in the first stage of the IA. These functions increase the dynamic range of the amplifier's first stage of the differential signal. The next step was the realization of the amplifier in a single chip technology. The design and tests of the new AC amplifier with a differential gain of 79.2 dB, a CMRR of 130 dB at 50 Hz, a high-pass cutoff frequency at 0.01 Hz and common mode reduction in the first stage of the 49.8 dB are presented in this paper.
The visual simulators for architecture and computer organization learning
Authors: Nikolic Bosko , Grbanovic Nenad , Djordjevic Jovan
Published: March 2010

The paper proposes a method of an effective distance learning of architecture and computer organization. The proposed method is based on a software system that is possible to be applied in any course in this field. Within this system students are enabled to observe simulation of already created computer systems. The system provides creation and simulation of switch systems, too.
Binding of coenzymes to yeast alcohol dehydrogenase
Authors: Leskovac Vladimir , Trivic Svetlana , Pericin Draginja , Popovic Mira , Kandrac Julijan
Published: March 2010

In this work, the binding of coenzymes to yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) were investigated. The main criterions were the change in the standard free energies for individual reaction steps, the internal equilibrium constants and the overall changes in the reaction free energies. The calculations were performed for the wild type enzyme at pH 6-9 and for 15 different mutant type enzymes, with single or double point mutations, at pH 7.3. The abundance of theoretical and experimental data enabled the binding of coenzymes to enzyme to be assessed in depth.
The effects of commercial fibres on frozen bread dough
Authors: Filipovic Jelena , Filipovic Nada , Filipovic Vladimir
Published: March 2010

The daily intake of dietary fibres in highly industrialized countries is at a low level and, therefore, adversely affecting human health. The objective of this research was to analyze the influence of different commercial fibres (originating from sugar beet pulp fibrex, and Jerusalem artichoke inulin HPX and GR) in yeast dough at a level of 5 %, on the rheological properties of dough and the quality of bread during frozen storage. Frozen dough characteristics were determined using a Brabender maturograph and test baking was followed according the AACC procedure. The dough was frozen at -18?C and stored over a period of 60 days. The results concerning the dough (proving time and stability) and bread quality (volume and crumb quality) were statistically analyzed by multivariance Manova and discriminative analysis, which indicated that there was a significant difference between dough without fibres and dough with different fibres (fibrex, inulin HPX and GR). The discrimination coefficient points that the greatest influence of fibres on the final proof and proving stability is after 30 days (6.250) and after 0 days (6.158), respectively, but the greatest influence of fibres on bread volume and bread crumb quality (15.488 and 3.638, respectively) can be expected on non frozen dough, due to above mention their adverse the effect on gluten network.
Synthesis and structural studies of complexes of Cu, Co, Ni and Zn with isonicotinic acid hydrazide and isonicotinic acid (1-naphthylmethylene)hydrazide
Authors: Kriza Angela , Ababei Viorica , Cioatera Nicoleta , Rău Ileana , Stănică Nicolae
Published: March 2010

Eight new complexes of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) with isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid, (INH)) and isonicotinic acid (1-naphthylmethylene) hydrazide (INNMH), having the formula of the type [M(INH)(ac)2] or [M(INNMH)(ac)2] (M = Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)) and [Cu(INH)(ac)2]2, [Cu(INNMH)(ac)2]2, were synthesized and characterized. All complexes were characterized based on elemental analyses, and IR, UV-VIS-NIR and EPR spectroscopy, as well as by thermal analysis and determination of their molar conductivity and magnetic moments. The structure of INNMH was established by single crystal X-ray analysis. In all complexes, both ligands were coordinated to the metal via N and O. The complexes of Cu (II) were dimeric, with four bridges between acetate ions and Cu(II).
A kinetic study of Co oxidation over the perovskite-like oxide LaSrNio4
Authors: Wang Kejun , Zhong Ping
Published: March 2010

The effect of reactant/product concentrations, reaction temperature and contact time on CO oxidation was investigated, using the perovskite-like oxide LaSrNiO4 as the catalyst. It was found that the reaction order of CO (reactant), as well as that of CO2 (product), is negative, the reaction orders for CO and CO2 being -0.32 and -0.51, respectively. However, the reaction order for O2 is positive, having a value of 0.62. The negative reaction order of CO and CO2 might be due to their competitive adsorption with O2, preventing the proceeding of oxygen dissociation (the rate-determining step of the reaction). The activation energy (Ea) of the reaction was calculated to be 49.3 kJ mol-1; this small activation energy suggests that LaSrNiO4 is a potential candidate for the CO oxidation reaction. The optimum weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of the reaction was found to be 0.6 g s cm-3. The reaction conditions in the present case were (0.5-1 % CO + 0.5-2 % O2 + 0-2 % CO2), with He as the balance gas.
DFT studies on the electronic structures of indoline dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhang Hui , Liang Guijie , Wang Luoxin , Weilin Xu , Cui Weigang , Zengchang Li
Published: March 2010

A series of indoline dyes with promising efficiency for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were studied using the density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31g (d) level. The ground-state geometries, electronic structures and absorption spectra of these dyes are reported. The calculated results indicate that the energy levels of the HOMOs and LUMOs of these dyes are advantageous for electron injection. Their intense and broad absorption bands as well as favorable excited-state energy levels are key factors for their outstanding efficiencies in DSSCs.
Preparation and characterization of a new carbonaceous material for electrochemical systems
Authors: Lin Zi , Xue Bu , Huai Jian , Deng Hua
Published: March 2010

A new carbonaceous material was successfully prepared by the pyrolysis of scrap tire rubber at 600?C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The physical characteristics of the prepared carbonaceous material were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was proved that the carbonaceous material had a disordered structure and spherical morphology with an average particle size about 100 nm. The prepared carbonaceous material was also used as electrodes in electrochemical systems to examine its electrochemical performances. It was demonstrated that it delivered a lithium insertion capacity of 658 mA h g-1 during the first cycle with a coulombic efficiency of 68 %. Cyclic voltammograms test results showed that a redox reaction occurred during the cycles. The chemical diffusion coefficient based on the impedance diagram was about 10-10 cm2 s-1. The pyrolytic carbonaceous material derived from scrap tire rubber is therefore considered to be a potential anode material in lithium secondary batteries or capacitors. Furthermore, it is advantageous for environmental protection.
Influence of Friction Heat on Tire Traction on Ice and Snow
Authors: Giessler M. , Gauterin F. , Wiese K. , Wies B.
Published: March 2010

The internal drum test bench of the Universität Karlsruhe (TH) allows tire performance measurements under controllable conditions. In cooperation with Continental AG a research project was initiated to focus on traction on ice and snow surfaces. The test chamber was upgraded with a cooling system, surface conditioners and a snow production system.

As a major result of these experiments, a strong correlation of thermal conditions and transmittable forces has been discovered. Furthermore, a high-speed infrared camera was used to monitor the temperature increase of the tire surfaces under traction.

This paper presents the developed theoretical model, which describes the time dependent temperature increase in the contact zone. Based on this model, a formula to determine the thermal limiting curve of force transmission on ice and snow was derived. The computed curves were verified through comparison with experimental data.
Insulin Receptor and its Relationship with Different Forms of Insulin Resistance
Authors: Rojek Aleksandra , Niedziela Marek
Published: March 2010

Insulin plays an important role in maintaining the whole organism’s homeostasis. The presence of insulin receptors in all vertebrates and invertebrates cells reflects the diversity of regulatory processes in which this hormone is involved. Furthermore, many different factors may influence the level of insulin receptor expression. These factors include e.g. the sole insulin or stage of development. Mutations in the receptor may lead to the development of insulin resistance. These mutations differ in the level of severity and are frequently associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, heart failure, metabolic syndrome and infertility in women. More than 50 mutations in insulin receptor gene have already been characterized. These mutations are associated with rare forms of insulin resistance like leprechaunism, insulin resistance type A or Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome. Molecular analysis of insulin receptor gene may lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying various types of insulin resistance and help to develop more efficient treatment.
Periodontal disease in pregnancy is a risk factor for preeclampsia
Authors: SHETTY MAMATHA , SHETTY PRASANNA KUMAR , RAMESH AMITHA , THOMAS BIJU , PRABHU SUMATHI , RAO ARUNA
Published: March 2010

Many recent studies have evaluated the relation between periodontitis and pregnancy complications. This study aimed to examine the association between preeclampsia and periodontitis in Indian women. A total of 130 pregnant women were enrolled between 26–32 weeks of gestation. Oral health examinations were performed at recruitment and again within 48 hours of delivery to determine the presence and/or progression of periodontitis in all subjects. Pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and gingival index were measured in all subjects. There was significant (p < 0.05) difference between the preeclampsia and normotensive groups in the distribution of periodontitis both at recruitment and after delivery. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that periodontitis both at enrolment (OR = 5.78, 95% CI 2.41–13.89) as well as within 48 hours of delivery (OR = 20.15, 95% CI 4.55–89.29), may be associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia.
Infertility, mental disorders and well‐being – a nationwide survey
Authors: KLEMETTI REIJA , RAITANEN JANI , SIHVO SINIKKA , SAARNI SAMULI , KOPONEN PÄIVIKKI
Published: March 2010

Objective. Earlier studies suggest that infertility and mental health problems are related and that infertility is a different experience for women and men. The aim of this population‐based study is to examine mental disorders, depressivity, psychological distress, perceived health and quality of life among women and men who have experienced infertility. Design. Cross‐sectional nationwide Health 2000 Survey. Setting. Population‐based. Population. A representative random sample of Finnish people aged 30–44 years (n = 2291). Methods. Outcomes were compared between those who had experienced infertility (n = 338) and the rest of the population. Age, marital status, education, income, body mass index, and smoking were controlled for using logistic and linear regressions. Main outcome measures. Mental disorders (composite international diagnostic interview, CIDI), depressivity (beck depression inventory, BDI), psychological distress (general health questionnaire, GHQ‐12), perceived health, and subjective quality of life. Results. Approximately 20% of women and 9% of men reported having experienced infertility. Childless women with infertility experience had increased adjusted risks for dysthymia (OR 3.41, 95% CI; 1.01–11.5) and anxiety disorders (2.67, 1.00–7.12) compared to women who had not experienced infertility. Women with infertility experience but with a current child had an increased risk for panic disorder (2.58, 1.11–6.01). Childless men with infertility experience had a significantly poorer quality of life compared to men without infertility. Conclusions. Infertility was associated with mental health, especially dysthymia and anxiety. The results differed by gender and the permanency of infertility. Gender‐specific psychosocial support and follow‐up for infertile people is warranted.
The Challenge of Theorizing the Voice in Performance
Authors: Kennedy Flloyd
Published: March 2010

There are several inter-connected challenges inherent in any attempt to theorize vocal performance. Traditionally, the prior written text has taken precedence over the performed sound when performances are being critiqued and analysed. The language of visualism has contributed to misconceptions concerning the nature and function of the voice, while confusion regarding the differences among language, voice, and speech are bound up with the nature of perception itself. This article examines these challenges and argues that, since the performing voice constitutes the sound of the unique individual who is the actor, it contains within its fluctuations and nuances the character who emerges from the actor's engagement with the text. Voice, therefore, is the site of identity, unstable yet uniquely embodied, of the actor who is the character. It is proposed that actor training would be greatly enhanced by the inclusion of a theoretical appreciation of the nature of the voice in performance.
From Cambridge Platonism to Scottish Sentimentalism
Authors: Gill Michael B.
Published: March 2010

The Cambridge Platonists were a group of religious thinkers who attended and taught at Cambridge from the 1640s until the 1660s. The four most important of them were Benjamin Whichcote, John Smith, Ralph Cudworth, and Henry More. The most prominent sentimentalist moral philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment – Hutcheson, Hume, and Adam Smith – knew of the works of the Cambridge Platonists. But the Scottish sentimentalists typically referred to the Cambridge Platonists only briefly and in passing. The surface of Hutcheson, Hume, and Smith's texts can give the impression that the Cambridge Platonists were fairly distant intellectual relatives of the Scottish sentimentalists – great great-uncles, perhaps, and uncles of a decidedly foreign ilk. But this surface appearance is deceiving. There were deeply significant philosophical connections between the Cambridge Platonists and the Scottish sentimentalists, even if the Scottish sentimentalists themselves did not always make it perfectly explicit.
Hutcheson's Relation to Stoicism in the Light of his Moral Psychology
Authors: Maurer Christian
Published: March 2010

Without questioning Hutcheson's general affinities with the Stoics, this article focuses on two important differences in moral psychology that show the limits of the appropriation of Stoicism in Hutcheson's ethics of benevolence. First, Hutcheson's distinction between calm affections and violent passions does not fully match with the Stoic distinction between constantiæ and perturbationes, since the emotion of sorrow remains in Hutcheson's table of the calm affections. As far as sorrow as a public affection is concerned, this first point is tied to a second point, which Hutcheson highlights himself: His conception of virtue as benevolence and the general importance of the public affections seem to be in conflict with a Stoic conception of virtue as an internal good, since the happiness of others, which is the object of both Hutchesonian benevolence and the public sense, is external for the Stoics.
Francis Hutcheson and the Heathen Moralists
Authors: Ahnert Thomas
Published: March 2010

Throughout his career Hutcheson praised the achievements of the pagan moral philosophers of classical antiquity, the Stoics in particular. In recent secondary literature his moral theory has been characterized as a synthesis of Christianity and Stoicism. Yet Hutcheson's attitude towards the ancient heathen moralists was more complex and ambivalent than this idea of ‘Christian Stoicism’ suggests. According to Hutcheson, pagans who did not believe in Christ and who had never even heard of him were capable of virtue, and even, he asserted controversially, of salvation. Yet Hutcheson did not think that the virtue of pagans, let alone their salvation, was a result of their moral philosophical theories. Hutcheson's applause for pagan philosophy as an intellectual achievement did not indicate a commitment to it, but was based on a detached and cautious evaluation that involved significant reservations concerning the truth and usefulness of pagan ethical thought.
Linking Diversity and Differentiation
Authors: Gregorius Hans-Rolf
Published: March 2010

Generally speaking, the term differentiation refers to differences between collections for the distribution of specified traits of their members, while diversity deals with (effective) numbers of trait states (types). Counting numbers of types implies discrete traits such as alleles and genotypes in population genetics or species and taxa in ecology. Comparisons between the concepts of differentiation and diversity therefore primarily refer to discrete traits. Diversity is related to differentiation through the idea that the total diversity of a subdivided collection should be composed of the diversity within the subcollections and a complement called “diversity between subcollections”. The idea goes back to the perception that the mixing of differentiated collections increases diversity. Several existing concepts of “diversity between subcollections” are based on this idea. Among them, β-diversity and fixation (inadvertently called differentiation) are the most prominent in ecology and in population genetics, respectively. The pertaining measures are shown to quantify the effect of differentiation in terms of diversity components, though from a dual perspective: the classical perspective of differentiation between collections for their type compositions, and the reverse perspective of differentiation between types for their collection affiliations. A series of measures of diversity-oriented differentiation is presented that consider this dual perspective at two levels of diversity partitioning: the overall type or subcollection diversity and the joint type-subcollection diversity. It turns out that, in contrast with common notions, the measures of fixation (such as FST or GST ) refer to the perspective of type rather than subcollection differentiation. This unexpected observation strongly suggests that the popular interpretations of fixation measures must be reconsidered.
Azine- and Azole-Functionalized Oligo´ and Polythiophene Semiconductors for Organic Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Ortiz Rocío Ponce , Yan He , Facchetti Antonio , Marks Tobin J.
Published: March 2010

In the organic electronics research field, several strategies have been used to modulate the transport properties of thiophene-derived semiconductors via sequential functionalization of their π-conjugated cores. This review summarizes the major design and synthetic strategies for tuning thiophene-containing small molecule and polymer properties by introducing electron-deficient nitrogen-containing azine and azole moieties. Several examples are presented which elucidate the structural, optical, and electronic consequences of incorporating these electron-deficient fragments in the conjugated skeletons, particularly relating to applications in organic thin-film transistors.
Preparation of Dispersed Platinum Nanoparticles on a Carbon Nanostructured Surface Using Supercritical Fluid Chemical Deposition
Authors: Hiramatsu Mineo , Hori Masaru
Published: March 2010

We have developed a method of forming platinum (Pt) nanoparticles using a metal organic chemical fluid deposition (MOCFD) process employing a supercritical fluid (SCF), and have demonstrated the synthesis of dispersed Pt nanoparticles on the surfaces of carbon nanowalls (CNWs), two-dimensional carbon nanostructures, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). By using SCF-MOCFD with supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent of metal-organic compounds, highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles of 2 nm diameter were deposited on the entire surface of CNWs and CNTs. The SCF-MOCFD process proved to be effective for the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles on the entire surface of intricate carbon nanostructures with narrow interspaces.
A New Geldanamycin Analogue from Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Authors: Zhang Hao , Sun Guang-Zhi , Li Xiang , Pan Hong-Yu , Zhang Yan-Sheng
Published: March 2010

A new geldanamycin analogue was isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus A070101. The structure was elucidated as 11-methoxy-17-formyl-17-demethoxy-18-O-21-O-dihydrogeldanamycin (1) on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR as well as HRESI-MS spectroscopic data analysis. Compound 1 showed considerable cytotoxicity (SRB) against human cancer cell lines (breast cancer MCF-7, skin melanoma SK-MEL-2 and lung carcinoma COR-L23).
Molecular Recognition Studies on Naphthyridine Derivatives
Authors: Iglesias-Sánchez José Carlos , María Dolores Santa , Claramunt Rosa M. , Elguero José
Published: March 2010

The association constants Kb of three hosts I–III designed to have both enhanced hydrogen bonding donor strength and conformational preorganization with biotin analogues 1–5 are reported. 1H-NMR titrations under two different concentration conditions have been employed to determine the association constants Kb. A statistical analysis using a presence absence matrix has been applied to calculate the different contributions. Hydrogen bond interactions make naphthyridine derivatives II and III potent binders and effective receptors for (+)-biotin methyl ester (1), due to the complex stabilization by additional hydrogen bonds.
Evaluation of the Antiradical Activity of Schisandra Chinensis Lignans Using Different Experimental Models
Authors: Šmejkal Karel , Šlapetová Tereza , Krmenčík Pavel , Kubínová Renata , Suchý Pavel , Dall´Acqua Stefano , Innocenti Gabbriella , Vančo Ján , Kalvarová Karolína , Dvorská Margita , Slanina Jiří , Kramářová Eva , Muselík Jan , Žemlička Milan
Published: March 2010

The in vitro antiradical activity of Schisandra chinensis lignans was investigated using DPPH, ABTS+, Fenton reaction inhibition and tyrosine-nitration inhibition assays, as were the in vivo antidiabetic activities of selected lignans in an animal model of alloxan-induced diabetes. Different degrees of antiradical activity were found, depending upon the structural parameters of the tested compounds. Unfortunately, the compounds showed no antidiabetic activity in concentration range tested.
Selective Growth Inhibitory Effect of Biochanin A Against Intestinal Tract Colonizing Bacteria
Authors: Sklenickova Olga , Flesar Jaroslav , Kokoska Ladislav , Vlkova Eva , Halamova Katerina , Malik Jan
Published: March 2010

Both bifidobacteria and clostridia are part of the natural gut microflora and while clostridia may be responsible for severe intestinal infections, bifidobacteria are probiotic microorganisms belonging to the most important prospective bacteria in the bowel. The antimicrobial activity of biochanin A was tested in vitro against six Bifidobacterium spp., and eight Clostridium spp. using the broth microdilution method. Biochanin A showed an inhibition against all clostridia in the range of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) from 64 μg/mL (for Cl. clostridioforme, strains DSM 933 and I3) to 1,024 μg/mL (for Cl. perfringens, DSM 11778). No bifidobacteria were suppressed at four-fold higher concentration (MICs > 4,096) than MIC of Cl. perfringens. These results indicate selective growth inhibition of biochanin A and its potential use in antimicrobial prevention and/or protection.
Cobalt Oxide Nanosheet and CNT Micro Carbon Monoxide Sensor Integrated with Readout Circuit on Chip
Authors: Dai Ching-Liang , Chen Yen-Chi , Wu Chyan-Chyi , Kuo Chin-Fu
Published: March 2010

The study presents a micro carbon monoxide (CO) sensor integrated with a readout circuit-on-a-chip manufactured by the commercial 0.35 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and a post-process. The sensing film of the sensor is a composite cobalt oxide nanosheet and carbon nanotube (CoOOH/CNT) film that is prepared by a precipitation-oxidation method. The structure of the CO sensor is composed of a polysilicon resistor and a sensing film. The sensor, which is of a resistive type, changes its resistance when the sensing film adsorbs or desorbs CO gas. The readout circuit is used to convert the sensor resistance into the voltage output. The post-processing of the sensor includes etching the sacrificial layers and coating the sensing film. The advantages of the sensor include room temperature operation, short response/recovery times and easy post-processing. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the CO sensor is about 0.19 mV/ppm, and the response and recovery times are 23 s and 34 s for 200 ppm CO, respectively.
Use of Brimonidine Before LASIK With Femtosecond Laser-created Flaps for the Correction of Myopia: A Contralateral Eye Study
Authors: Rodríguez-Galietero Antonio , Martínez José Vicente González , Buey Ángeles Del , Bescós José Ángel Cristóbal
Published: March 2010

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the changes in the incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage, hyperemia, photophobia, flap displacements, and flap retractions in myopic patients who have undergone LASIK with an IntraLase 15-kHz femtosecond laser (intraLASIK) with or without the application of brimonidine tartrate 0.2% in one eye.

METHODS:

Two hundred eyes of 100 myopic patients were enrolled in this brimonidine tartrate fellow eye control study. These myopic patients were treated with the intraLASIK technique in both eyes. Only 1 eye was treated with brimonidine tartrate 0.2% 30 minutes before surgery. One day after surgery, subconjunctival hemorrhage, photophobia, and hyperemia were evaluated. Flap slippage and flap retractions were evaluated 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery.

RESULTS:

Of the 100 eyes treated with brimonidine tartrate before intraLASIK, 3 (3%) eyes showed subconjunctival hemorrhage. Complex hyperemia–photophobia was found in 8 (8%) of 100 eyes immediately after the surgery compared with non-brimonidine tartrate treated eyes (79% and 92%, respectively). Eyes treated with brimonidine showed no incidence of flap complications, whereas eyes not treated with brimonidine showed 11% flap retraction.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study suggests that brimonidine tartrate 0.2% administered before intraLASIK provides a reduction in the incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage, hyperemia, and photophobia without increasing flap complications. [
J Refract Surg
. 2010;26:28–32.]
Conductive Keratoplasty for the Treatment of Astigmatism Induced by Corneal Trauma or Incision
Authors: Xu Wen , Ye Panpan , Yao Ke , Ma Jin , Xu Hesheng
Published: March 2010

PURPOSE:

To assess the efficacy, safety, and predictability of conductive keratoplasty for the treatment of corneal trauma/incision-induced hyperopic or compound astigmatism.

METHODS:

Thirteen eyes with corneal trauma/incision-induced astigmatism underwent conductive keratoplasty in this prospective study. The main outcome measures included distance uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), near UCVA, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), manifest refraction cylinder, keratometric astigmatism, manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, intraocular pressure, tear break-up time, endothelial cell count, and pachymetry. Patients were followed 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Mean logMAR scores for distance UCVA, near UCVA, and BSCVA significantly improved from 0.87±0.31, 1.32±0.41, and 0.18±0.18, respectively, to 0.32±0.21, 0.59±0.21, and 0.08±0.11 (P⩽.05), respectively, 6 months after conductive keratoplasty. Mean manifest refraction cylinder, keratometric astigmatism, and MRSE significantly reduced from 4.12±2.86 diopters (D), 4.15±2.40 D, and 0.73±2.56 D, respectively, to 1.46±1.35 D, 1.66±1.44 D, and −0.52±0.99 D (P⩽.05), respectively, at 6 months postoperatively. Contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity showed significant improvement at spatial frequencies of 1, 1.6, 2.5, 4, and 6.3 cycles per degree (P⩽.05). Surgically induced astigmatism calculated by vector analysis highly correlated to target induced astigmatism (P⩽.05). No severe complications occurred postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study suggests that conductive keratoplasty is an effective and safe treatment for hyperopic or compound astigmatism after corneal trauma or incision. [J Refract Surg. 2010;26:33–42.]
Fast Evaluation of Equal-spaced Zernike Polynomial Expansion Samples
Authors: Sarver Edwin J. , Hall Max T.
Published: March 2010

PURPOSE:

To develop a method to quickly calculate equal-spaced Zernike polynomial expansion samples on a rectangular or polar grid for analysis or display.

METHODS:

It is well known that a Zernike polynomial expansion can be converted into an equivalent rectangular or polar two-dimensional Taylor polynomial expansion. It is also known how to quickly calculate equal-spaced polynomial samples using difference equations. Using these two techniques, a software class was developed that provides fast evaluation of Zernike polynomial expansion samples on a rectangular or polar grid. To test the method, the time for the direct calculation of 10th order Zernike polynomial expansion was compared to the difference equation approach for a 1000×1000 sample grid.

RESULTS:

The direct calculation of the 10th order Zernike polynomial expansion required over 400 times more processing time than the difference equation technique for a 1000×1000 sample grid. The largest difference in calculated values between the two techniques was negligible, indicating 11 digits of accuracy when using double precision variables.

CONCLUSIONS:

The difference equation approach proves to be a fast and accurate method to calculate equal-spaced Zernike polynomial expansion samples on a rectangular or polar grid. This algorithm has application in both the analysis of optical systems and display of results. [
J Refract Surg
. 2010;26:61–65.]
Intraocular Omni-focal Lens With Increased Tolerance to Decentration and Astigmatism
Authors: Ben Yaish Shai , Zlotnik Alex , Raveh Ido , Yehezkel Oren , Belkin Michael , Zalevsky Zeev
Published: March 2010

PURPOSE:

To measure the optical performance of an extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL), which provides an imaging solution for near, intermediate, and distance ranges, and to compare its optical performance to available bifocal IOLs with various extents of decentration and astigmatism aberrations.

METHODS:

A special profile that performs interference principle-based focal extension is engraved on the top of a monofocal rigid IOL. An optical bench based on the L&B eye model was used to test the performance in comparison with the bifocal AcrySof ReSTOR SA60D3 lens (Alcon Laboratories Inc).

RESULTS:

The imaging performances at near, intermediate, and distance ranges were mapped. Different decentration parameters and amount of astigmatism aberration were tested. In numerical simulations and the experimental bench, the EDOF IOL was demonstrated to have good visual acuity in near, intermediate, and distance ranges as well as reduced sensitivity to decentration of up to 0.75 mm and the capability of correcting astigmatism aberrations of up to 1.00 diopter.

CONCLUSIONS:

Extended depth of focus technology is capable of providing clear and focused vision at near, intermediate, and distance ranges. Its high quality imaging is obtained under large decentration conditions and residual astigmatism. This capability broadens the potential use of the technology beyond its application as a simultaneous multifocal lens. [
J Refract Surg
. 2010;26:71–76.]
De los literatos descontentos a los escritores-cineastas y los relatos fílmico-literarios
Authors: Sánchez Noriega José Luis
Published: March 2010

Los estudios e investigaciones en español sobre las relaciones entre la literatura y el cine están conociendo una edad de oro. A lo largo de todo un siglo, abundan los desencuentros entre los escritores y el mundo profesional del cine, insatisfechos con las adaptaciones o sus contratos como guionistas. En la segunda mitad del siglo XX surge una nueva generación de escritores cinéfilos para quienes el cine es fuente de inspiración y de temas para su literatura; en algunos casos esa obra no se comprende ni se concibe sin el trasfondo del universo del cine. Más allá de estos literatos están los escritores-cineastas, esto es, creadores que se expresan con la misma facilidad y entidad estética en obras escritas y en películas. La contraposición o rivalidad entre la literatura y el cine deja de tener sentido en el caso de obras en las que se produce un encuentro en el diálogo entre distintos niveles de discurso y en la oposición de mundos realistas y de ficción.
El mito de Pigmalión en textos literarios y fílmicos
Authors: Rodríguez M.ª del Carmen
Published: March 2010

En este estudio se tomará como punto de partida a Roland Barthes y su definición de mito en el análisis de versiones clásicas y contemporáneas del mito de Pigmalión. Para Barthes, un mito no es eterno, sino transitorio ya que el curso de la historia de los pueblos puede subvertirlo y deconstruirlo. Así ocurre en las representaciones contemporáneas de Pigmalión. Al contrario de las versiones clásicas, que perpetúan la construcción de género, las obras más contemporáneas subvierten al personaje pigmalioniano, le restan importancia hasta hacerlo casi desaparecer, y son los personajes, en principio, subordinados quienes se forjan su educación hasta conseguir su articulación personal.
Las ruinas y las sombras de Manderley
Authors: Donapetry Camacho María
Published: March 2010

Las ruinas y las sombras de Manderley aborda posibles relaciones interpretativas recíprocas entre la novela de Daphne du Maurier Rebecca y la película homónima de Alfred Hitchcock. Algunos de los aspectos que se consideran relevantes en este estudio son: el tratamiento de las “ruinas de la memoria” derridianas dentro de la novela y del propio Hitchcock, la diferenciación y el enfrentamiento de la protagonista “externa” con el mundo de los “internos” de Manderley, los valores icónicos y simbólicos del texto literario y de la visualización fílmica, y las posiciones éticas que implican la elección o el rechazo de ciertos recursos narrativos en ambas obras.
Entre la pantalla y el libro: Gabriel García Márquez y el cine
Authors: Fiddian Robin
Published: March 2010

El origen de las relaciones entre la obra literaria de García Márquez y el cine se encuentra en una serie de reseñas de películas, que el autor colombiano escribe para el periódico bogotano El Espectador, a mediados de los cincuenta. En las páginas del diario capitalino, da a conocer por primera vez su afición por el neorrealismo italiano, por ciertas películas italianas contemporáneas de tema femenino, y por ¡Bienvenido, Mr. Marshall!, de Luis García Berlanga. Un análisis de algunas reseñas pertinentes revela sorprendentes conexiones entre la obra de García Márquez y media docena de películas, a los niveles de diseño narrativo y valores estéticos comunes.
El cine de Pilar Miró. Homenaje y puente hacia la literatura
Authors: Fernández Soto Concepción , Checa y Olmos Francisco
Published: March 2010

Es incuestionable que la literatura –tanto la novela como el teatro– ha proporcionado grandes historias para el cine a lo largo de sus casi ciento veinte años de existencia. ¿Y por qué se elige un texto literario para ser adaptado? Entre otras razones por la necesidad de contar con historias bien trazadas, por la garantía del éxito comercial, el acceso al conocimiento histórico o por la recreación de mitos y obras emblemáticas.
En el caso de la directora Pilar Miró lo importante de sus adaptaciones es que finalmente prevalece su percepción, su lectura, su visión personal de la obra original, pero siempre a través del diálogo entre creadores. El texto de este artículo estudia las cinco películas que Pilar Miró dirigió como adaptaciones de obras literarias, cinco trabajos que vinieron como resultado de un deslumbramiento personal ante la calidad y el poder de sugerencia de esos textos literarios.
La presencia del español en Irán
Authors: Haghroosta Maryam
Published: March 2010

La lengua española, en los últimos años se ha convertido en uno de los idiomas más importantes del mundo, no solamente por los muchos hispanohablantes, sino por el interés que existe hacia este idioma en todos los países del orbe, desde el occidente hasta el oriente. Esta lengua, en los últimos años se ha estado recuperando del atraso que tuvo durante muchos años en Irán. En este trabajo se intenta describir la situación actual del idioma español y su enseñanza y aprendizaje en el mundo persa. Para cumplir con este objetivo, primero se abordará brevemente la historia de las relaciones hispano-iraníes y luego se presentará el estado de esta lengua en Irán. Al final del trabajo, serán ofrecidas algunas sugerencias para mejorar la situación del español en Irán.
“La República de los Sueños”: De lo racional de la República a lo irracional de los sueños
Authors: Broullón Acuña Esmeralda
Published: March 2010

La República de los sueños es una “novela atlántica” y como tal desarrolla una narrativa sobre el viaje y la memoria de una familia de origen español en el Brasil contemporáneo. La obra indaga el proceso de inmigración y adaptación de un gallego patriarcal y capitalista, predestinado al éxito social. Una consagración que llevará hasta sus últimas consecuencias, retornando a su aldea, de la cual salió en 1913, para casarse con la hija de un hidalgo. Fundador de un linaje hispanobrasileño quedará atrapado en el lucro que él mismo entreteje al participar de las redes y las prácticas oligárquicas que dominan en el país. De este modo la autora recompone un relato etnohistórico donde representa la segmentación étnica del estado-nación e instituye la memoria y la cultura como elementos de resistencia.
Experimental analysis of bonding in steel bars glued into chestnut and tali timber
Authors: Otero Chans D. , Estévez Cimadevila J. , Martín Gutiérrez E.
Published: March 2010

This article summarizes the results of an extensive experiment designed to determine the effect of geometric and mechanical parameters on the axial strength of the bonds formed when threaded steel bars are glued into sawn hardwood timber. The studies conducted to date on glued wood joints have focused primarily on softwood glued laminated timber or glulam. In the present study, specimens made from two hardwood species with very different physical and mechanical properties were used to evaluate the effect of wood characteristics on the axial strength of such bonds. Several geometries were tested by loading a total of 190 specimens to failure.

The ultimate load values found for the specimens were compared to the design values proposed in the final draft version of Eurocode 5 (prEN 1995-1-1(2001)).
Bending reinforcement of timber beams with steel cross sections on the upper face
Authors: González-Bravo Carlos , Arriaga-Martitegui Francisco , Maldonado-Ramos Luis , Díez-Barra Rafael
Published: March 2010

A procedure for the reinforcement of timber floor joists in ancient buildings using steel U shape cross sections screwed to timber from the upper side is described. Bending tests of 3 groups of 10 beams were carried out obtaining the stiffness and load carrying capacity. The first one was composed by pieces of glued laminated timber of Spruce with 180x200 mm cross section; the second one was of Scots pine sawn timber with the same cross section; and the third one was 120 years old solid timber beams of genus Pine with 130x150 mm cross section. Each group was divided in two groups of 5 beams. The first sub-group was tested without reinforcement and the second one was tested with the steel reinforcement. The reinforcement increases the stiffness from 45 to 98 % and the load carrying capacity from 27 to 58 %.
Osteoporosis-Related Simultaneous Four Joints Fractures and Dislocation after a Seizure: A Case Report
Authors: AlOmran Abdullah S.
Published: March 2010

A case of steroid-induced osteoporosis-related multiple fractures and dislocations are described after a seizure is reported. Patient had two years history of steroid use with no supplement or antiresorptive therapy. There was a delay in the diagnosis which affected an otherwise good outcome in such situations. It is recommended that patients on steroid should be given calcium, vitamin D, and an antiresorptive. Furthermore, a meticulous clinical examination is required in patients who are on steroids and suffer epileptic seizures to rule out skeletal injury.