bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПРИНЦИП СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТИ НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЯ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ ЕГО СОБЛЮДЕНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Authors: ПОВОД. И.
Published: October 2021

В статье рассмотрены различные подходы к трактовке понятия справедливости налогообложения. Дано определение понятия справедливости налогообложения с точки зрения теории полезности. Рассмотрена возможность обоснования применения той или иной шкалы налогообложения с помощью убывающей предельной полезности денег.
Представлено авторское понимание сущности монопольной ренты и условий отнесения ренты к монопольному типу. Определена возможность использования монопольной ренты в качестве инструмента реализации принципа справедливости налогообложения. Дана оценка соответствия изъятия монопольной ренты в бюджет требованиям различных аспектов рассматриваемого принципа и подходов к его реализации.
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE ESSENCE CUSTOMS REGULATION
Authors: ANANIEVA V.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the customs institution as an element of foreign economic activity
streamlining economic, political, legal and other relations. The conclusion is made about the role of customs regulation in the regulation of the national economy with the orientation of the customs authorities to achieve high results in terms of contribution to the development of such areas as environmental, social and economic.
METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF MODERNIZATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS (TO THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL IN THE FIELD OF THE ECONOMY MODERNIZATION RESEARCH)
Authors: VASIUCHONAK. L.
Published: October 2021

The methodological basis for cooperation of the efforts of scientists, business circles and statesmen in the intensification of modernization in Belarus needs a broad discussion and creative development. As a methodological basis for modernization in the republic, a team ofscientists, represented today by the scientific school in the field of the economy modernization research, offers a subject approach as a platform for the development of transformations in the republic. The intellectual potential of the school, created by the hard work of many generations of Belarusian scientists, can serve the solution of vital and perspective problems of economic and social development.
ECONOMICS OF KNOWLEDGE AS A STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
Authors: DANILCHENKO A. , KHARITONOVICH. S.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and applied aspects of the knowledge economy. The institutional development of the knowledge economy as a system process of functional, structural design of intellectualization of the economic activity of society is considered. The peculiarities of the knowledge economy in the transformation period of the Republic of Belarus are revealed.
CHOOSING A LOCATION OF THE LOGISTICS CENTER
Authors: Kuhan S.
Published: October 2021

The article describes the process of changing scientific views on the study of costs in
logistics. It is determined that the dynamic changes taking place in the economic system of the region, require close attention of scientists in the logistical interaction of all participants in the system, in particular, the optimization of the distribution process. The implementation of the project for the construction of logistics infrastructure includes the decision of the choice of location, the development of an effective distribution network, the analysis of possible and actual costs. Universal access to information through computer technology had a positive impact on the acceleration of production processes, the speed of economic analysis of the situation, its accuracy and quality of decisions to minimize costs, the range of movement of goods and the feasibility of placing logistics centers in a certain area.
LABOUR ACTIVITY OF POPULATION WITH DISABILITIES AS AN INDICATOR OF BALANCED NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT POLICY
Authors: Prymachonak G. , Labeiko O.
Published: October 2021

The article expounds the theoretical and practical aspects of the national policy of population with disability support. It examines specific properties of labour potential’ formation of population with disability, employment methods and instruments of this population category, and mechanism of economic and financial support of its integration into labour activity. This, in turn, allowed to specify the goal, objectives and principles of the national policy in the sphere of employment support of the population with disability.
Assessment of Seismic Risk in Geothermal and Hydrocarbon Reservoirs Using an Exact Analytical Solution of Stress Change
Authors: van den Hoek Paul Jacob , Poessé Jorik Willem
Published: October 2021

Both for the oil & gas and geothermal industry, induced seismicity caused by field development and operation can pose a risk, in particular when the reservoir (or overburden / underburden) is intersected by faults. The mechanisms by which faults can be reactivated (potentially leading to seismicity) include pressure effects (reservoir depletion, or pressure rise over large areas as a result of injection) or thermal effects (cooling such as in geothermal operations or heating such as in steam flooding).

Earlier, we proposed a simple methodology to assess seismic risk for geothermal reservoirs that can also be applied to hydrocarbon reservoirs. This methodology uses an elastoplastic finite element model of the reservoir in question. However, its application turned out to be laborious. Therefore, we developed an exact analytical solution for the stress changes induced by cooling, depletion and /or pressurization along (a) representative fault(s). This solution is a generalisation of the Goodier analytical solution for the situation of non-vertical faults.

The analytical solution can be used to quickly evaluate a number of different scenarios related to temperature and /or pressure distributions in the reservoir. In the case of fault activation, maximum fault displacements (slip) can be computed by linking the results to elastic finite element calculations for similar load conditions. Using published standard correlations, the seismic magnitude can subsequently be estimated from the computed fault displacements.

The analytical model was applied to different fault geometries, reservoir temperature distributions and depletions. It turns out that certain fault geometries (dip angles, offsets) are far more prone to activation than other fault geometries. An explanation of this result is provided. Furthermore, for non-critically stressed faults, the risk of activation is far less for geothermal operations than for situations where large parts of the reservoir are depleted or pressurized. This can be explained by the fact that the extent of the cooled zone in geothermal operations is generally limited, even after 30 years of operation. Consequently, cooling-induced stress changes along the fault are significantly reduced because of arching by the adjacent non-cooled areas.

Finally, one geothermal field example in The Netherlands is presented where the above methodology was applied to demonstrate that there exists no seismic risk over the entire field life.
A Practical Approach to Expedite a Pore to Process Simulation Model for a Rich Gas Condensate Reservoir – Case Study
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim , El-Menoufi Ahmed Mahmoud , Ezz El-Regal Eman Abed , Ali Ahmed Mohamed , Mansour Khaled Mohamed , Negm Mohamed Nagy , Hussein Hatem Mohamed
Published: October 2021

Field development planning of gas condensate fields using numerical simulation has many aspects to consider that may lead to a significant impact on production optimization. An important aspect is to account for the effects of network constraints and process plant operating conditions through an integrated asset model. This model should honor proper representation of the fluid within the reservoir, through the wells and up to the network and facility.

Obaiyed is one of the biggest onshore gas field in Egypt, it is a highly heterogeneous gas condensate field located in the western desert of Egypt with more than 100 wells. Three initial condensate gas ratios are existing based on early PVT samples and production testing. The initial CGRs as follows;160, 115 and 42 STB/MMSCF. With continuous pressure depletion, the produced hydrocarbon composition stream changes, causing a deviation between the design parameters and the operating parameters of the equipment within the process plant, resulting in a decrease in the recovery of liquid condensate. Therefore, the facility engineers demand a dynamic update of a detailed composition stream to optimize the system and achieve greater economic value. The best way to obtain this compositional stream is by using a fully compositional integrated asset model.

Utilizing a fully compositional model in Obaiyed is challenging, computationally expensive, and impractical, especially during the history match of the reservoir numerical model.

In this paper, a case study for Obaiyed field is presented in which we used an alternative integrated asset modeling approach comprising a modified black-oil (MBO) that results in significant timesaving in the full-field reservoir simulation model. We then used a proper de-lumping scheme to convert the modified black oil tables into as many components as required by the surface network and process plant facility. The results of proposed approach are compared with a fully compositional approach for validity check. The results clearly identified the system bottlenecks. The model can be used to propose the best tie-in location of future wells in addition to providing first-pass flow assurance indications throughout the field's life and under different network configurations. The model enabled the facility engineers to keep the conditions of the surface facility within the optimized operating envelope throughout the field's lifetime.
Systematic Application of Pressure and Temperature Transient Analysis in an Oil Field: A Case Study
Authors: Muradov Khafiz , Dada Akindolu , Djabbarov Sultan
Published: October 2021

Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) methodology has long enabled well testing to become a standard routine. Modern, well and reservoir monitoring and management practices are now unthinkable without the well test-derived estimates of KH products, skin factors, radii of reservoir boundaries, etc. Temperature data, measured together with the pressure, is widely available. Multiple methods for Temperature Transient Analysis (TTA) have also been developed, but have not yet gained due recognition.

Few examples of a systematic application of PTA and TTA (or, in general, Pressure and Temperature Transient Analysis PTTA) on a field scale have been published. Given that the TTA radius of investigation is much smaller than that for PTA, the TTA tends to explore the near-wellbore properties including the near-wellbore permeability profile, depth of damage, multi-layer parameters, fluid properties, etc. This complements the far-field estimates made by PTA, resulting in the PTTA providing a more holistic and complete picture of the state of the reservoir and fluids around the wellbore.

This work demonstrates a case study of a systematic application of PTTA methods to wells in a green, oil field. The wells are equipped with a state-of-the-art, downhole, permanent monitoring equipment. A user-friendly, bespoke toolbox has been developed to carry out PTTA analysis in this field. Dozens of transient events that occurred in the first few years of the field production life have been analyzed using PTTA. There are multiple examples of this PTTA analysis demonstrating improved characterization of the reservoir, near-wellbore, fluid, and multi-layer properties.

This work will be insightful to those looking to find out what additional, useful information (like reservoir and fluid properties) can be extracted from the traditional well-test, transient pressure and temperature measurements at no extra cost.
Study on Formulation with Lower Initial Viscosity Gel/Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer After Polymer Flooding and Scenario Design of Field Test
Authors: Cheng Cheng Jie , Liu Bo Hai , Gao Qian , Yan Wei , Chen Lin Wen , Liu Chao Guo , Zhou Quan , Han Hui Pei
Published: October 2021

The blocks of polymer flooding have gradually entered into the stage of chase water flooding after polymer flooding in Daqing Oilfield and the comprehensive water cut is close to the exploitation limit of 98%. So it is urgent to develop some new technologies to further enhance oil recovery after polymer flooding. On the basis of laboratory research, a field test of alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding was carried out after polymer flooding in Daqing Oilfield in 2015, which achieved good development effect, but the polymer concentration was relatively large. Based on the field test of alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding, a new technology of the lower initial viscosity gel/alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding has further been studied according to the technical route combining plugging, adjusting and displacing, which can reduce the polymer dosage greatly under the premise of ensuring good oil displacing effect. In this paper, some laboratory studies are carried out, which realize significant technology breakthrough. Firstly, the adjusting and plugging agent of lower initial viscosity gel is screened out, which can be injected into the high permeability layers of low flow resistance like the water and migrate to the deep location of the high permeability layers and then gelatinize on spot. Therefore it can plug high permeability layers effectively and does not pollute the middle and low permeability layers at the same time. Secondly, the injection parameters of lower initial viscosity gel/alkali/surfactant/polymer system are optimized. The results of laboratory experiments show that the lower initial viscosity gel/alkali/surfactant/polymer system can enhance oil recovery by 13.5% OOIP under the optimal injection parameters, which is 1.2% OOIP more than that of the alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding and can save polymer dosage by 17.8%. In view of the good results obtained in laboratory experiments, the scenario design of field test is carried out and the incremental oil recovery is 10.1% OOIP predicted by numerical simulation. The field test is expected to start chemical flooding in 2021.
Season Cycling Gas Storage in Stogit Fields. A Real-Time Data Transmission System
Authors: Naveda Graciela Eva , Louie France Dominique , Locatelli Corinna , Davard Julien , Fragassi Sara , Basile Alessio , Delon Emanuele
Published: October 2021

Natural gas has become one of the major sources of energy for homes, public buildings and businesses, therefore gas storage is particularly important to ensure continuous provision compensating the differences between supply and demand.

Stogit, part of Snam group, has been carrying out gas storage activities since early 1960's. Natural gas is usually stored underground, in large storage reservoirs. The gas is injected into the porous rock of depleted reservoirs bringing the reservoir nearby to its original condition. Injected gas can be withdrawn depending on the need. Gas market demands for industries and homes in Italy are mostly guaranteed from those Stogit reservoirs even in periods when imports are in crisis.

Typically, from April to October, the gas is injected in these natural reservoirs that are "geologically tested"; while from November to March, gas is extracted from the same reservoirs and pumped into the distribution networks to meet the higher consumer demand. 

Thirty-eight (38) wells, across nine (9) depleted fields, are completed with downhole quartz gauges and some of them with fiber-optics gauges. Downhole gauges are installed to continuously measure and record temperature and pressure from multiple reservoirs.

The Real Time data system installed for 29 wells is used to collect, transmit and make available downhole data to Stogit (Snam) headquarter office. Data is automatically collected from remote terminal units (RTUs) and transferred over Stogit (Snam) network. The entire system works autonomously and has the capability of being remotely managed from anywhere over the corporate Stogit (Snam) IT network.

Historical trends, including fiber optics gauges ones, are visualized and data sets could be retrieved using a fast and user-friendly software that enables data import into interpretation and reservoir modeling software. The use of this data collection and transmission system, versus the traditional manual download, brought timely data delivery to multiple users, coupled with improved personnel safety since land travels were eliminated. The following pages describe the case study, lessons learned, and integrated new practices used to improve the current and future data transmission deployments.
The Potential Impact of Surfactant and Polymer Production on Separated Water Quality
Authors: Almorihil Jawaher , Mouret Aurélie , Marsiglia Marie , Mirallès Vincent , AlSofi Abdulkareem
Published: October 2021

In previous work, we demonstrated that EOR chemicals had minor effect on topside processes in terms of separation, corrosion and scale inhibition. Regarding the oil/water separation, the most noticeable effect was a deterioration in separated water quality that was deemed manageable. This paper will further investigate the impact of produced polymer and surfactant on the quality of separated water.

To mimic the separation plant potential feed and operations, experimental work has been carried out by preparing oil/brine mixtures at different surfactant/polymer concentrations with oilfield additives. Three main parameters have been varied: surfactant/polymer (SP) concentration, temperature, and water cut. The final test matrix consists of 24 tests. We first assessed the impact of EOR additives on the type of generated emulsions (O/W or W/O). Then we performed bottle tests taking into account the different operating parameters in order to investigate the kinetics of water/oil separation. Finally, we carried out physical-chemical analyses on the separated water in order to evaluate its quality.

In terms of concentration effects, the results suggest that SP concentration had minimal impact on pH and density of the aqueous phase. Bottle tests showed that phase inversion was obtained at intermediate and high SP concentrations for both water cuts. In addition, separated water quality deteriorated in systems of intermediate SP concentration and slightly improved at high concentration at 32 °C. At 54°C, higher SP concentrations resulted in poorer water quality. Kinetics of separation accelerated with higher SP concentrations. In terms of temperature effects, a slight decrease in both viscosity and density of emulsions was observed at higher temperatures. Kinetics of separation also improved with higher temperatures, as did the quality of the separated water. In terms of water cut effects, viscosity and density of the aqueous phase were not impacted. Moreover, phase inversion of the emulsion (from water-in-oil to oil-in-water) occurred when water cut increased from 75 to 85% without SP. With SP, oil-in-water emulsions were observed for both water cuts. Kinetics of oil/water separation increased with the higher water cut; however, no clear tendency on water quality was observed. with water cut.

In conclusion, we reconfirm that SP production, at least for the investigated formulations, will have a negligible effect on separation. The result will lead to deterioration in separated water quality; however, the level of deterioration is manageable and would not affect conventional practices of disposal in oilfields for pressure maintaining purposes. At last, this study layout laboratory protocols to perform such process-assurance.
The Necessity for Collaboration Between Data Scientists and Domain Experts
Authors: Bangert Patrick
Published: October 2021

A practical data science, machine learning, or artificial intelligence project benefits from various organizational and managerial prerequisites. The effective collaboration between various data scientists and domain experts is perhaps the most important, which is discussed here. Based on practical experience, the principal theses put forward here are that (1) data science projects require domain expertise, (2) domain expertise and data science expertise generally cannot be provided by the same individual, (3) effective communication between the various experts is essential for which everyone requires some limited understanding of the others’ expertise and real-world experience, and (4) management must acknowledge these aspects by reserving sufficient project time and budget for communication and change management.
Electrical Submersible Pump Prognostics and Health Monitoring Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Ambade Amey , Karnik Saniya , Songchitruksa Praprut , Sinha Rajeev Ranjan , Gupta Supriya
Published: October 2021

Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) systems efficiently pump high volumes of production fluids from the wellbore to the surface. They are extensively used in the oil and gas industry due to their adaptability, low maintenance, safety, relatively low environmental impact. They require specific operating conditions with respect to the power, fluid level and fluid content. Oilfield operation workflows often require extensive surveillance and monitoring by subject-matter experts (SMEs). Detecting issues like formation of unwanted gas and emulsions in ESPs requires constant analysis of downhole data by SMEs.

The lack of adequate and accurate monitoring of the downhole pumps can lead to low efficiency, high lifting costs, and frequent repair and replacements. There are 3 workflows described in the paper which demonstrate that the maintenance costs of the ESPs can be significantly reduced, and production optimized with the augmentation of machine learning approaches typically unused in ESP surveillance and failure analysis.

Downtime due to ESP failures cause loss of production, disrupt logistics planning and require weeks for replacement. Pull-out due to poor reservoir conditions complicates the inventory issue. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce workover time and optimize production by providing early warning of ESP failures (Fig. 1).
AI for Production Forecasting and Optimization of Gas Wells: A Case Study on a Gas Field in Oman
Authors: Al Lawati Mohammed , Thatcher Jimmy , Rehman Abdul , Gee Ivan , Eldred Morgan
Published: October 2021

Oil & Gas extraction companies are using a vast amount of capital and expertise on production optimization. The scale and diversity of information required for analysis is massive and often leading to a prioritization between time and precision for the teams involved in the process. This paper provides a success story of how artificial intelligence (AI) is used to dynamically and effeciently optimize and predict production of gas wells. In particular, we focus on the application of unsupervised machine learning to identify under different potential constraints the optimal production parameter settings that can lead to maximum production. A machine learning model is supported by a decision support system that can enhance future drilling operations and also help answer important questions such as why a particular well or group of wells is producing differently than others of the same type or what kind of parameters that work on different wells in different conditions. The model can be advanced to optimize within field constraints such as facility handling capacity, quotas, budget or emmisions.

The methods used were a combination of similarity measures and unsupervised machine learning techniques which were effective in identifying wells and clusters of wells that have similar production and behavioral profiles. The clusters of wells were then used to identify the process path (specific drilling and completion, choke size, chemicals, etc processes) most likely to result in optimal production and to identify the most impactful variables on production rate or cumulative production via an additional clustering of the principle charactersitics of the well. The data sets used to build these models include but are not limited to gas production data (daily volume), drilling data (well logs, fluid summary etc.), completion data (frac, cement bond logs), and pre-production testing data (choke, pressure etc.)

Initial results indicate that this approach is a feasible approach, on target in terms of accuracy with traditional methods and represents a novel, data driven, method of identifying optimal parameter settings for desired production levels; with the ability to perform forecasts and optimization scenarios in run-time.

The approach of using machine learning for production forecasting and production optimization in run- time has immense values in terms of the ability to augment domain expertise and create detailed studies in a fraction of the time that is typically required using traditional approaches. Building on same approach to optimise the field to deliver most reliable or most effeciently against a parameter will be an invaluable feature for overall asset optimisation.
Modelling of Electric Submersible Pump Work on Gas-Liquid Mixture by Machine Learning
Authors: Goridko Kirill Alexandrovich , Shabonas Arturas Rimo , Khabibullin Rinat Alfredovich , Verbitsky Vladimir Sergeevich , Gladkov Andrey Valeryevich
Published: October 2021

Oil wells in Western Siberia usually placed on artificial drilling pads, forming well clusters up to 30 wells. The flow rate of each well in the cluster measured by an automatic measuring unit one by one. Often flow rate measurement requires several hours and flow rate of a single well can be measured once a week or less. This led to situation then events affecting well rate can be invisible between measurements. Identifying such events can be extremely useful in many cases, for example for wells with unstable behavior or transient regimes. The same challenges are also faced at distant green fields during their development, there the flow rates can be measured once a month with a mobile unit. The objective of this paper is to develop a virtual flowmeter model based on indirect high-frequency data of well operation and ESP.

In Gubkin University, at the Petroleum Reservoir and Production Engineering Department, bench tests of ESP5-50 (118 radial stages) on gas-liquid mixture in a wide range of volumetric gas content (βin = 0-60%), intake pressure (Pin = 0.6-2.1 MPa) and pump shaft speed (n= 2400-3600 rpm) were performed. Three vibration sensors were installed on the unit: on the ESP, at the ESP discharge, on the pipeline, which simulates the wellhead production tree. During the bench tests were recorded series of pressures at the intake, discharge and along the pump length, series of current and power consumption, as well as vibrations with frequency several times per second.

Based on the bench test results, we investigated the possibility of indirect determination of well operation parameters during artificial lift modelling by machine learning. As a result, the approaches to modelling taking into account various sets of parameters (features) have been studied: based on hydraulic parameters – ESP intake and outlet pressure;based on hydraulic and electric parameters – current and power consumption;based on hydraulic, electric and vibrating parameters.

The analysis of data series allowed to define the boundaries of stable ESP operation, namely the transition to surging and pump starvation.

The novelty of the work is: –machine learning modeling of the gas-liquid mixture pumping process by electric submersible pump;–solving both direct and inverse issues: as virtual liquid flowmeter as, virtual gas content flowmeter at the pump intake.
The Application of Dual-phase Enhanced CT Scan in Distinguishing Adrenal Ganglioneuromas From Adrenal Lipid-poor Adenomas
Authors: Yu Huajun , Wang Jian , Niu Zhongfeng , Shao Meihua
Published: October 2021

Background:The utility of dual-phase enhanced CT scan in distinguishing ganglioneuromas from lipid-poor adenomas has not been reported. We aimed to prospectively compare CT findings helpful in distinguishing adrenal ganglioneuromas from adrenal lipid-poor adenomas. Methods: We estimated the CT findings of 258 adrenal masses (42 ganglioneuromas, 216 lipid-poor adenomas) in 258 patients from July 2008 to July 2020 with ganglioneuromas and July 2016 to July 2020 with lipid-poor adenomas. The CT features between ganglioneuromas and lipid-poor adenomas were compared. Results:Significant differences were detected in CT value of unenhanced (CTU), CT value of arterial phase (CTA), CT value of venous phase (CTV), degree of enhancement in arterial phase (DEAP), degree of enhancement in portal venous phase (DEPP), age, tumor size [long diameter (LD), short diameter (SD), mean diameter (MD)], shape, calcification between the ganglioneuroma and lipid-poor adenoma groups (P < 0.05).The results of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses showed that areas under ROC curves (AUC) of CTU, CTA and CTV were 0.713, 0.878, and 0.914, respectively. When the cut-off values were set at 22.5 HU, 51.5 HU, and 53.5 HU for CTU, CTA, and CTV, respectively the three parameters had a sensitivity of 46.8%, 67.6%, and 88.0% and a specificity of 100%, 100%, and 88.1% in distinguishing between ganglioneuromas and lipid-poor adenomas.Conclusion: Dual-phase enhanced abdominal CT can exhibit some of the primary imaging characteristics of ganglioneuromas and lipid-poor adenomas used to distinguish between these two entities.
A New Method of Manufacturing Thin-Walled Tube Made of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy Including Direct Extrusion And Corrugated Equal Channel Angular Extrusion
Authors: Hu H-J , Zhang Ou , Hu Gang , Zhao Hui , OU Zhongwen
Published: October 2021

Due to demand of strong toughness of thin walled tube, and good secondary forming properties and high-precision dimension, New plastic forming method should be researched to achieve a complete filling, uniform deformation and microstructure evolution during forming process.To obtain the deformation mechanisms of a new composite extrusion for thin walled tube fabricated by tube corrugated equal channel angular extrusion has been researched which is shorten as “TC-ECAE” in this paper. Finite element DEFORMTM-3D software to investigate the plastic deformation behavior of magnesium billet during TC-ECAE process has been employed. Computed parameters including workpiece material characteristics and process conditions have been taken into consideration. The pridictions of strains distributions and damage distributions and effective stress distributions and flow velocities distributions and microstructures evolutions have been explored. The results proved that the TC-ECAE process is a forming method for magnesium alloy tube which is suitable for large scale industrial application. The TC-ECAE process would cause serve plastic deformation and improve the dynamic recrystallization of magnesium alloy during TC-ECAE process.
Variation in Boron Availability Alters Root Architecture Attributes at the Onset of Storage Root Formation in Three Sweetpotato Cultivars
Authors: Villordon Arthur , Gregorie Jeffrey C.
Published: October 2021

The primary objective of this work was to generate species-specific information about root architectural adaptation to variation in boron (B) availability at the onset of storage root formation among three sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] cultivars (Beauregard = BX; Murasaki = MU; Okinawa = OK). Three B levels were used: 0B (B was omitted in the nutrient solution, substrate B = 0.1 mg·kg−1), 1XB (sufficient B; 0.5 mg·kg−1), and 2XB (high B; 1 mg·kg−1). The check cultivar BX showed evidence of storage root formation at 15 days in 0B and 1XB, whereas cultivars MU and OK failed to show evidence of root swelling. The 1XB and 2XB levels were associated with 736% and 2269% increase in leaf tissue B in BX, respectively, relative to plants grown in 0B. Similar magnitudes of increase were observed in MU and OK cultivars. There were no differences in adventitious root (AR) count within cultivars but OK showed 25% fewer AR numbers relative to BX across all B levels. 0B was associated with 20% and 48% reduction in main root length in BX and OK, respectively, relative to plants grown in 1XB and 2XB. 2XB was associated with a 10% increase in main root length in MU relative to plants grown in 0B and 1XB. 0B was associated with reduced lateral root length in all cultivars but the magnitude of responses varied with cultivars. These data corroborate findings in model systems and well-studied crop species that B deficiency is associated with reduced root growth. These data can be used to further understand the role of cultivar-specific responses to variation in B availability in sweetpotato.
PEMANFAATAN TEKS MULTIMODAL SEBAGAI INOVASI MATERI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Putut Setiyadi Dwi Bambang
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Based on the 2013 Curriculum, Indonesian language learning in SMP is text-based. During this pandemic, learning various texts should take advantage of existing technology with teaching materials in the form of multimodal texts. This study aims to describe the use of multimodal text as an innovation in Indonesian language learning materials in junior high schools and the implementation of learning. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, interviews, documents, and audiovisual materials. Observation and document techniques were used to observe and document the textbooks used in Indonesian language learning for grade VIII SMP, both from offline and online data. Audiovisual techniques to collect data in the form of multimodal text sourced from the internet and social media. The data validity used data triangulation techniques, researchers, methods, and theories. The data analysis technique was done by reducing the data, presenting the data, and concluding. The results showed that multimodal text learning as an innovation in Indonesian language learning materials in class VIII SMP was beneficial for students to improve their literacy competencies in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. In addition, it can also introduce students to types of text that are broader, more eye-catching, and less saturating. Students and teachers can explore these materials from the internet or social media in accordance with the teaching material. The teacher must prepare a good and appropriate lesson plan and scenario. 

Keywords: multimodal text; Indonesian language teaching materials; learning media
ANALISIS STRUKTURAL NOVEL KIM JI-YEONG LAHIR TAHUN 1982 KARYA CHO NAM-JOO
Authors: Rismawati Ani , Setyawan Bagus Wahyu
Published: October 2021

This study describes the structure and interrelationships between elements in the novel Kim Ji-yeong born in 1982 by Cho Nam-joo. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with a structural approach. The data generated is in the form of text related to the building blocks of the novel Kim Ji-yeong born in 1982 by Cho Nam-joo published by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama in 2019 in Jakarta. However, this novel is actually a translated novel from Korean which was published in 2016.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA “KLIK AJA” DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING MENYAMPAIKAN TEKS BERITA BAGI SISWA KELAS VIII
Authors: Fahriyanti Alvira Jasmin Eka , Prasetya Citra Ika , Wantoro Rizky
Published: October 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic is a new challenge in the world of education, especially for a teacher, because learning must be done online. Therefore, teachers must master digital skills and creative thinking patterns, especially in conveying news texts. Facing this, this study discusses the development of online-based interactive learning media. The media development was designed by utilizing the Articulate Storyline 3 software in collaboration with learning videos and Google forms which were then combined on the Linktree website. The objectives of this study include describing the development of media and the presentation/display of the "Click Aja" media in online learning to deliver news texts for class VIII students and describe the results of the effectiveness test of using "Click Aja" media in online learning to deliver news texts for class VIII students. This study uses the type of research and development method ADDIE model. Through this research method, the discussion in this study leads to the resulting product, which is a "Click Aja" learning media. The product was tested by experts and obtained an average value of 3.4 which states that the media is suitable for use. In addition, the product was also tested on students and obtained an average score of 3.51 which stated that the media was suitable for use. Although the "Click Aja" media is feasible to use, there are improvements submitted by experts, including errors in writing, the delivery of material in the learning video is less communicative and incomplete material regarding news texts.
ANALISIS NILAI SOSIAL PADA NOVEL BILA MALAM BERTAMBAH MALAM KARYA PUTU WIJAYA DENGAN PENDEKATAN MIMETIK
Authors: Muyassaroh Muyassaroh , W. N. Yunita Pratama , E. F. Alvira Jasmin , Prasetya Citra Ika
Published: October 2021

Every literary work must have the social values ​​of life contained in it, whether conveyed implicitly or explicitly.  Like the novel Bila Malam Bertambah Malam by Putu Wijaya, it contains many social values ​​and so on.  With these problems, this research article is written to discuss "Analysis of Social Values ​​in the novel Bila Malam Bertambah Malam by Putu Wijaya using the mimetic approach”. This research was conducted using qualitative descriptive research methods.  Data collection techniques carried out, in the form of documentation, as well as research instruments were the researchers themselves using a check list of the classification of research materials and notes of observations.  The data analysis technique in this study is a descriptive interpretive technique, where the researcher tries to describe the opinions and views that are on an object of research.  This article aims to find out the social values ​​contained in the novel Bila Malam Bertambah Malam by Putu Wijaya.  The results of this study indicate that social problems cannot be separated from the relationships that accompany them.  These relationships include human problems with humans, human problems with oneself and human problems with culture.
Eyes in cheese: reasons for formation and methods of assessment
Authors: Lepilkina O. V. , Lepilkina O. N. , Loginova I. V.
Published: October 2021

The results of scientific research of the process of eyes formation in cheeses depending on the molding method and modes of pressing the cheese mass; the type of gassing microorganisms that make up the starter culture; rheological properties of curd; the presence in the cheese mass of “germs” — the centers of the formation of eyes — are considered. It is noted that the most studied in terms of the formation of the pattern are large cheeses of the Emmental or Swiss type with eyes up to 3 cm in diameter, which can be easily estimated by calculating their quantity and volume. For this, there are methods for visualizing eyes in the volume of cheese: X-ray, computed and magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and acoustic sounding. The least studied is the process of pattern formation in cheeses like Tilsiter and Russian, molded in bulk, with a large number of irregular, angular eyes. In connection with the observed tendency to the loss of the distinctive features of this type of cheese (rare, insufficiently pronounced eyes), great importance is attached to objective methods for assessing the pattern in these cheeses as one of the most important indicators of the product quality. Since computed tomography, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging are methods that require expensive equipment, the need for a simpler procedure, suitable for production laboratories of cheesemaking enterprises, is justified for use in routine examinations. Based on the assumption that cheeses with a frequent pattern of angular, irregular shape can be considered as porous bodies, an assumption was made about the advisability of developing a method for measuring the porosity coefficient, which could supplement the organoleptic assessment of the pattern with an objective indicator that would allow the rejection of cheeses on this basis.
Effective viscosity of lecithin solutions and fat emulsions of black soldier fly larvae with different lecithin content
Authors: Ruban A. A. , Novikova (Zakharova) M. V. , Kostin A. A.
Published: October 2021

Fats and oils irrespective of their application field are usually used as emulsions — disperse systems consisting of two immiscible liquids stabilized by an emulsifier. One of the main indicators for emulsions is effective viscosity, which characterizes behavior of liquid in flow. This indicator is also important for optimization of production processes, application and storage of emulsions. It was found that fat of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae is close to coconut and palm oil by its qualitative and quantitative composition, which makes it one of the promising alternative sources of fats for the industry. Based on this fact, the aim of the study was to determine effective viscosity of lecithin solutions and fat emulsions of black soldier fly larvae depending on the lecithin content of 0.5-2.5 weight%. It was found that consistency of the lecithin solutions increased when its concentration increased from 0.5 to 2 weight%. The lecithin solutions with concentrations of 1.0-2.0 weight% demonstrated weak pseudoplastic behavior and those with the lecithin content of 2.5 weight% dilettante. Emulsions with fat of black soldier fly larvae showed twofold lower consistency compared to the lecithin solutions of the same concentration and weak pseudoplastic behavior, which manifestation did not depend on the lecithin concentration.
DISADVANTAGES OF EXCESSIVE PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES IN STUDENTS OF PIMS-DU DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam College of Physiotherapy, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, India., Santosh Gupta Rohit , Sunil Sant Shrikant ,   Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam College of Physiotherapy, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, India.
Published: October 2021

Question: What are the disadvantages of excessive physical activities in students of PIMS-DU during COVID-19 Pandemic? Design: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. Participants: Students who are physically active throughout the period of Covid-19 pandemic. Intervention: Non-Interventional Study. Outcome measures: OSTRC Injury Questionnaire (Pre- validated Questionnaire). Results: There were very few subjects who faced difficulties due to knee pain or any other physical discomfort during physical activities in pandemic period 22.2%. Among the selected subjects 33.4% had pain and difficulties in Low Back due to physical activity in Covid-19 pandemic period. Among the selected subjects 18.5% had pain and difficulties in Shoulder due to physical activity in Covid-19 pandemic period. Conclusion: The present study shows that, there are no specific adverse effects observed on musculoskeletal system due to excessive physical activity. Most of the subjects (33.4%) reported for having low back pain due to physical activity during COVID 19 pandemic. Trial registration: PIMS/DR.APJAKCOPT/IEC/2020/22.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF PAEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS IN COIMBATORE
Authors:   Resident of Department Of Neurosurgery., Dixit Alok , Venkatesh R. ,   HOD, Department of neurosurgery, CMCH., Pradeep T.T. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, CMCH., Prabhakar Pratibha ,   Resident of Department Of Neurosurgery.
Published: October 2021

Background: Tumors of the nervous system are the second most common childhood tumors after leukemia,constituting approximately 35% of all childhood malignancies and remain the leading cause of cancer related deaths in children. In India,in the absence of a comprehensive population based national cancer registry,we depend on local hospital based registries for assessing the incidence of pediatric brain tumor.Hence,more and more institutional data are required to assess the actual disease load in India. Objective: The main objective of the present study is to assess the epidemiological patterns of brain tumors in children presenting in CMCH. Materials and Methods: Data regarding age,gender,topography and histopathology of 22 pediatric patients (0-18years)with brain tumors operated inCMCH over a period of 5 years(January 2015 to December 2019)was collected retrospectively and analysed. The results obtained were compared with available Indiandata and western literature. Results: Of 22 cases, males(63.6%) outnumbered females. In the present study, the most common anatomical site for brain tumors was cerebellum(45.5%) followed by cerebral hemispheres(36.2%), ventricles(13.6%) and sellar region(4.5%). The present study showed that Infratentorial tumors were more common (54.5%) as compared to Supratentorial tumors (45.5%).Thepresent study revealed that astrocytoma(36.4%) is the most common brain tumor in childhood. other common tumors include medulloblastoma(27.2%), followed by ependymoma(13.6%), oligodendroglioma(9%),pineal gland tumor(4.5%),craniopharyngioma(4.5%) and meningeal tumor(4.5%). Conclusion: From the present series, we conclude that, the frequencies of major histologic types of brain tumors found in the study do not differ substantially from that found in other developed and developing countries. Medulloblastomas and astrocytomas, which form the major histologic types in pediatric patients need special attention.