Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: James Spencer L , Castle Chris D , Dingels Zachary V , Fox Jack T , Hamilton Erin B , Liu Zichen , S Roberts Nicholas L , Sylte Dillon O , Henry Nathaniel J , LeGrand Kate E , Abdelalim Ahmed , Abdoli Amir , Abdollahpour Ibrahim , Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi , Abedi Aidin , Abosetugn Akine Eshete , Abushouk Abdelrahman I , Adebayo Oladimeji M , Agudelo-Botero Marcela , Ahmad Tauseef , Ahmed Rushdia , Ahmed Muktar Beshir , Eddine Aichour Miloud Taki , Alahdab Fares , Alamene Genet Melak , Alanezi Fahad Mashhour , Alebel Animut , Alema Niguse Meles , Alghnam Suliman A , Al-Hajj Samar , Ali Beriwan Abdulqadir , Ali Saqib , Alikhani Mahtab , Alinia Cyrus , Alipour Vahid , Aljunid Syed Mohamed , Almasi-Hashiani Amir , Almasri Nihad A , Altirkawi Khalid , Abdeldayem Amer Yasser Sami , Amini Saeed , Loreche Amit Arianna Maever , Andrei Catalina Liliana , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza , T Antonio Carl Abelardo , Yaw Appiah Seth Christopher , Arabloo Jalal , Arab-Zozani Morteza , Arefi Zohreh , Aremu Olatunde , Ariani Filippo , Arora Amit , Asaad Malke , Asghari Babak , Awoke Nefsu , Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina , Ayano Getinet , Ayanore Martin Amogre , Azari Samad , Azarian Ghasem , Badawi Alaa , Badiye Ashish D , Bagli Eleni , Baig Atif Amin , Bairwa Mohan , Bakhtiari Ahad , Balachandran Arun , Banach Maciej , Banerjee Srikanta K , Banik Palash Chandra , Banstola Amrit , Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn , Bärnighausen Till Winfried , Barrero Lope H , Barzegar Akbar , Bayati Mohsen , Baye Bayisa Abdissa , Bedi Neeraj , Behzadifar Masoud , Bekuma Tariku Tesfaye , Belete Habte , Benjet Corina , Bennett Derrick A , Bensenor Isabela M , Berhe Kidanemaryam , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Bhat Anusha Ganapati , Bhattacharyya Krittika , Bibi Sadia , Bijani Ali , Bin Sayeed Muhammad Shahdaat , Borges Guilherme , Borzì Antonio Maria , Boufous Soufiane , Brazinova Alexandra , Briko Nikolay Ivanovich , Budhathoki Shyam S , Car Josip , Cárdenas Rosario , Carvalho Félix , Castaldelli-Maia João Mauricio , Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A , Castelpietra Giulio , Catalá-López Ferrán , Cerin Ester , Chandan Joht S , Chanie Wagaye Fentahun , Chattu Soosanna Kumary , Chattu Vijay Kumar , Chatziralli Irini , Chaudhary Neha , Cho Daniel Youngwhan , Kabir Chowdhury Mohiuddin Ahsanul , Chu Dinh-Toi , Colquhoun Samantha M , Constantin Maria-Magdalena , Costa Vera M , Damiani Giovanni , Daryani Ahmad , Dávila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto , Demeke Feleke Mekonnen , Demis Asmamaw Bizuneh , Demoz Gebre Teklemariam , Demsie Desalegn Getnet , Derakhshani Afshin , Deribe Kebede , Desai Rupak , Nasab Mostafa Dianati , da Silva Diana Dias , Dibaji Forooshani Zahra Sadat , Doyle Kerrie E , Driscoll Tim Robert , Dubljanin Eleonora , Adema Bereket Duko , Eagan Arielle Wilder , Eftekhari Aziz , Ehsani-Chimeh Elham , Sayed Zaki Maysaa El , Elemineh Demelash Abewa , El-Jaafary Shaimaa I , El-Khatib Ziad , Ellingsen Christian Lycke , Emamian Mohammad Hassan , Endalew Daniel Adane , Eskandarieh Sharareh , Faris Pawan Sirwan , Faro Andre , Farzadfar Farshad , Fatahi Yousef , Fekadu Wubalem , Ferede Tomas Y , Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad , Fernandes Eduarda , Ferrara Pietro , Feyissa Garumma Tolu , Filip Irina , Fischer Florian , Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Foroutan Masoud , Francis Joel Msafiri , Franklin Richard Charles , Fukumoto Takeshi , Geberemariyam Biniyam Sahiledengle , Gebre Abadi Kahsu , Gebremedhin Ketema Bizuwork , Gebremeskel Gebreamlak Gebremedhn , Gebremichael Berhe , Gedefaw Getnet Azeze , Geta Birhanu , Ghafourifard Mansour , Ghamari Farhad , Ghashghaee Ahmad , Gholamian Asadollah , Gill Tiffany K , Goulart Alessandra C , Grada Ayman , Grivna Michal , Mohialdeen Gubari Mohammed Ibrahim , Guimarães Rafael Alves , Guo Yuming , Gupta Gaurav , Haagsma Juanita A , Hafezi-Nejad Nima , Bidgoli Hassan Haghparast , Hall Brian James , Hamadeh Randah R , Hamidi Samer , Haro Josep Maria , Hasan Md Mehedi , Hasanzadeh Amir , Hassanipour Soheil , Hassankhani Hadi , Hassen Hamid Yimam , Havmoeller Rasmus , Hayat Khezar , Hendrie Delia , Heydarpour Fatemeh , Híjar Martha , Ho Hung Chak , Hoang Chi Linh , Hole Michael K , Holla Ramesh , Hossain Naznin , Hosseinzadeh Mehdi , Hostiuc Sorin , Hu Guoqing , Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel , Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen , Ilic Irena , Ilic Milena D , Inbaraj Leeberk Raja , Indriasih Endang , Naghibi Irvani Seyed Sina , Shariful Islam Sheikh Mohammed , Islam M Mofizul , Ivers Rebecca Q , Jacobsen Kathryn H , Jahani Mohammad Ali , Jahanmehr Nader , Jakovljevic Mihajlo , Jalilian Farzad , Jayaraman Sudha , Jayatilleke Achala Upendra , Jha Ravi Prakash , John-Akinola Yetunde O , Jonas Jost B , Joseph Nitin , Joukar Farahnaz , Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy , Jungari Suresh Banayya , Jürisson Mikk , Kabir Ali , Kadel Rajendra , Kahsay Amaha , Kalankesh Leila R , Kalhor Rohollah , Kamil Teshome Abegaz , Kanchan Tanuj , Kapoor Neeti , Karami Manoochehr , Kasaeian Amir , Kassaye Hagazi Gebremedhin , Kavetskyy Taras , Kebede Hafte Kahsay , Keiyoro Peter Njenga , Kelbore Abraham Getachew , Kelkay Bayew , Khader Yousef Saleh , Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif , Khalid Nauman , Khalil Ibrahim A , Khalilov Rovshan , Khammarnia Mohammad , Khan Ejaz Ahmad , Khan Maseer , Khanna Tripti , Khazaie Habibolah , Shadmani Fatemeh Khosravi , Khundkar Roba , Kiirithio Daniel N , Kim Young-Eun , Kim Daniel , Kim Yun Jin , Kisa Adnan , Kisa Sezer , Komaki Hamidreza , M Kondlahalli Shivakumar K , Korshunov Vladimir Andreevich , Koyanagi Ai , G Kraemer Moritz U , Krishan Kewal , Bicer Burcu Kucuk , Kugbey Nuworza , Kumar Vivek , Kumar Nithin , Kumar G Anil , Kumar Manasi , Kumaresh Girikumar , Kurmi Om P , Kuti Oluwatosin , Vecchia Carlo La , Lami Faris Hasan , Lamichhane Prabhat , Lang Justin J , Lansingh Van C , Laryea Dennis Odai , Lasrado Savita , Latifi Arman , Lauriola Paolo , Leasher Janet L , Huey Lee Shaun Wen , Lenjebo Tsegaye Lolaso , Levi Miriam , Li Shanshan , Linn Shai , Liu Xuefeng , Lopez Alan D , Lotufo Paulo A , Lunevicius Raimundas , Lyons Ronan A , Madadin Mohammed , El Razek Muhammed Magdy Abd , Mahotra Narayan Bahadur , Majdan Marek , Majeed Azeem , Malagon-Rojas Jeadran N , Maled Venkatesh , Malekzadeh Reza , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Manafi Navid , Manafi Amir , Manda Ana-Laura , Manjunatha Narayana , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Mansouri Borhan , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Maravilla Joemer C , March Lyn M , Mason-Jones Amanda J , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Massenburg Benjamin Ballard , Maulik Pallab K , Meles Gebrekiros Gebremichael , Melese Addisu , Melketsedik Zeleke Aschalew , N Memiah Peter T , Mendoza Walter , Menezes Ritesh G , Mengesha Meresa Berwo , Mengesha Melkamu Merid , Meretoja Tuomo J , Meretoja Atte , Merie Hayimro Edemealem , Mestrovic Tomislav , Miazgowski Bartosz , Miazgowski Tomasz , Miller Ted R , Mini GK , Mirica Andreea , Mirrakhimov Erkin M , Mirzaei-Alavijeh Mehdi , Mithra Prasanna , Moazen Babak , Moghadaszadeh Masoud , Mohamadi Efat , Mohammad Yousef , Mohammad Karzan Abdulmuhsin , Darwesh Aso Mohammad , Gholi Mezerji Naser Mohammad , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah , Mohammadoo-Khorasani Milad , Mohammadpourhodki Reza , Mohammed Shafiu , Mohammed Jemal Abdu , Mohebi Farnam , Molokhia Mariam , Monasta Lorenzo , Moodley Yoshan , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Moradi Masoud , Moradi Ghobad , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar , Moradpour Farhad , Morawska Lidia , Velásquez Ilais Moreno , Morisaki Naho , Morrison Shane Douglas , Mossie Tilahun Belete , Muluneh Atalay Goshu , Murthy Srinivas , Musa Kamarul Imran , Mustafa Ghulam , Nabhan Ashraf F , Nagarajan Ahamarshan Jayaraman , Naik Gurudatta , Naimzada Mukhammad David , Najafi Farid , Nangia Vinay , Nascimento Bruno Ramos , Naserbakht Morteza , Nayak Vinod , Ndwandwe Duduzile Edith , Negoi Ionut , Ngunjiri Josephine W , Nguyen Cuong Tat , Thi Nguyen Huong Lan , Nikbakhsh Rajan , Anggraini Ningrum Dina Nur , Nnaji Chukwudi A , Nyasulu Peter S , Ogbo Felix Akpojene , Oghenetega Onome Bright , Oh In-Hwan , Okunga Emmanuel Wandera , Olagunju Andrew T , Olagunju Tinuke O , Bali Ahmed Omar , Onwujekwe Obinna E , Asante Kwaku Oppong , Orpana Heather M , Ota Erika , Otstavnov Nikita , Otstavnov Stanislav S , A Mahesh P , Padubidri Jagadish Rao , Pakhale Smita , Pakshir Keyvan , Panda-Jonas Songhomitra , Park Eun-Kee , Patel Sangram Kishor , Pathak Ashish , Pati Sanghamitra , Patton George C , Paulos Kebreab , Peden Amy E , Filipino Pepito Veincent Christian , Pereira Jeevan , Pham Hai Quang , Phillips Michael R , Pinheiro Marina , Polibin Roman V , Polinder Suzanne , Poustchi Hossein , Prakash Swayam , Angga Pribadi Dimas Ria , Puri Parul , Syed Zahiruddin Quazi , Rabiee Mohammad , Rabiee Navid , Radfar Amir , Rafay Anwar , Rafiee Ata , Rafiei Alireza , Rahim Fakher , Rahimi Siavash , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa , Rahman Muhammad Aziz , Rajabpour-Sanati Ali , Rajati Fatemeh , Rakovac Ivo , Ranganathan Kavitha , Rao Sowmya J , Rashedi Vahid , Rastogi Prateek , Rathi Priya , Rawaf Salman , Rawal Lal , Rawassizadeh Reza , Renjith Vishnu , N Renzaho Andre M , Resnikoff Serge , Rezapour Aziz , Ribeiro Ana Isabel , Rickard Jennifer , Rios González Carlos Miguel , Ronfani Luca , Roshandel Gholamreza , Saad Anas M , Sabde Yogesh Damodar , Sabour Siamak , Saddik Basema , Safari Saeed , Safari-Faramani Roya , Safarpour Hamid , Safdarian Mahdi , Sajadi S Mohammad , Salamati Payman , Salehi Farkhonde , Zahabi Saleh Salehi , Rashad Salem Marwa R , Salem Hosni , Salman Omar , Salz Inbal , Samy Abdallah M , Sanabria Juan , Riera Lidia Sanchez , Santric Milicevic Milena M , Sarker Abdur Razzaque , Sarveazad Arash , Sathian Brijesh , Sawhney Monika , Sawyer Susan M , Saxena Sonia , Sayyah Mehdi , Schwebel David C , Seedat Soraya , Senthilkumaran Subramanian , Sepanlou Sadaf G , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba , Sha Feng , Shaahmadi Faramarz , Shahabi Saeed , Shaikh Masood Ali , Shams-Beyranvand Mehran , Shamsizadeh Morteza , Sharif-Alhoseini Mahdi , Sharifi Hamid , Sheikh Aziz , Shigematsu Mika , Shin Jae Il , Shiri Rahman , Siabani Soraya , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Singh Jasvinder A , Sinha Dhirendra Narain , Smarandache Catalin-Gabriel , R Smith Emma U , Soheili Amin , Soleymani Bija , Soltanian Ali Reza , Soriano Joan B , Sorrie Muluken Bekele , Soyiri Ireneous N , Stein Dan J , Stokes Mark A , Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Babale , Rasul Suleria Hafiz Ansar , Sykes Bryan L , Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael , Tabb Karen M , Taddele Biruk Wogayehu , Tadesse Degena Bahrey , Tamiru Animut Tagele , Tarigan Ingan Ukur , Tefera Yonatal Mesfin , Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash , Tekle Merhawi Gebremedhin , Tekulu Gebretsadkan Hintsa , Tesema Ayenew Kassie , Tesfay Berhe Etsay , Thapar Rekha , Tilahune Asres Bedaso , Tlaye Kenean Getaneh , Tohidinik Hamid Reza , Topor-Madry Roman , Tran Bach Xuan , Tran Khanh Bao , Tripathy Jaya Prasad , Tsai Alexander C , Car Lorainne Tudor , Ullah Saif , Ullah Irfan , Umar Maida , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Upadhyay Era , Uthman Olalekan A , Valdez Pascual R , Vasankari Tommi Juhani , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Violante Francesco S , Vlassov Vasily , Waheed Yasir , Weldesamuel Girmay Teklay , Werdecker Andrea , Wiangkham Taweewat , Wolde Haileab Fekadu , Woldeyes Dawit Habte , Wondafrash Dawit Zewdu , Wondmeneh Temesgen Gebeyehu , Wondmieneh Adam Belay , Wu Ai-Min , Yadav Rajaram , Yadollahpour Ali , Yano Yuichiro , Yaya Sanni , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Yip Paul , Yisma Engida , Yonemoto Naohiro , Yoon Seok-Jun , Youm Yoosik , Younis Mustafa Z , Yousefi Zabihollah , Yu Yong , Yu Chuanhua , Yusefzadeh Hasan , Moghadam Telma Zahirian , Zaidi Zoubida , Zaman Sojib Bin , Zamani Mohammad , Zamanian Maryam , Zandian Hamed , Zarei Ahmad , Zare Fatemeh , Zhang Zhi-Jiang , Zhang Yunquan , Zodpey Sanjay , Dandona Lalit , Dandona Rakhi , Degenhardt Louisa , Dharmaratne Samath Dhamminda , Hay Simon I , Mokdad Ali H , Reiner Robert C , Sartorius Benn , Vos Theo 
Published: April 2020

Background

Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries.

Methods

We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

Findings

In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505).

Interpretation

Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.