bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Penggunaan Obat Batuk OTC (Over The Counter) dengan Faktor Demografi pada Mahasiswa Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Yogyakarta
Authors: Hidayati Listiana , Yogananda Amrina Amalia
Published: April 2021

Batuk merupakan upaya pertahanan paru terhadap berbagai rangsangan yang ada dan refleks fisiologis yang melindungi paru dari trauma mekanik, kimia dan suhu. Batuk merupakan gejala tersering penyakit pernapasan dan masalah yang sering kali dihadapi dokter dalam praktik sehari-hari di Indonesia. Pengobatan batuk biasanya dilakukan dengan pengobatan sendiri atau swamedikasi. Swamedikasi biasanya dilakukan untuk mengatasi keluhan-keluhan dan penyakit ringan yang dialami seseorang dengan menggunakan obat herbal, obat tradisional maupun modern dengan tanpa adanya intervensi dari tenaga medis seperti dokter. Pengetahuan swamedikasi sendiri kemungkinan berhubungan dengan faktor demografi seperti kluster, tahun angkatan, dan jenis kelamin. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan obat batuk pada responden, gambaran tingkat pengetahuan responden serta hubungan faktor demografi dengan tingkat pengetahuan responden dalam penggunaan obat batuk.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik bersifat non-eksperimental melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Kuesioner yang berisi 24 pertanyaan terlebih dahulu diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Penelitian dilakukan di Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Yogyakarta. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 319 responden. Data primer selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analisis bivariat dengan Chi-Square test.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran tingkat pengetahuan responden dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kategori yaitu baik, sedang, dan kurang. Berdasarkan hasil uji bivariat diketahui faktor klaster berhubungan dengan tingkat pengetahuan mengenai penggunaan obat batuk dengan nilai p ≤ 0,05. Tahun angkatan dan jenis kelamin tidak memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat pengetahuan responden mengenai penggunaan obat batuk.
Curbing the Pollution of the Night: The Problem of Light Pollution
Authors: A. McEvoy Sharlene
Published: April 2021

One of the least discussed aspects of environmental law is light pollution. Air and water contamination are issues that have been addressed by laws at the federal and state levels but far less attention has been given to the issues of illumination which can have deleterious effects not only on human health but also on the ability to view the night sky. Some states have passed “Dark Skies” laws to remedy these problems.
The Operation Green Revolution 1973-1986: Sustaining Cameroon’s Planned Development Precept
Authors: FUH KUM George
Published: April 2021

This paper studies the Green Revolution and its input to Cameroon’s planned development agenda from 1973 to 1986. After attaining statehood, Cameroon like most African states, espoused strategies, aimed at enhancing its socio-economic developments. All these emerged from its foremost planned development policy, introduced in 1960. This policy initially laid emphasis on industrialisation, which was too costly and inert to spur socio-economic growth. Agriculture was thus reconsidered as the basis for real development in the country and the green revolution ideology was adopted to embolden this ambitious quest. Launched in 1973, the revolution did swiftly and hugely enhance Cameroon’s socio-economic development, but nevertheless faded due to obvious deficiencies and the setting in of the economic crunch in 1986. This paper argues that despite its merely ideological bearing and hasty end, the Green Revolution remained a very vital spur to Cameroon’s planned development programme and propounds perspectives for more enhancing inputs. It is built on primary and secondary data and analysed qualitatively.
Electrical Resistivity Tomography for the detection of subsurface cavities and related hazards caused by underground coal mining in Coahuila
Authors: Batista Rodríguez José A. , Pérez Flores Marco A. , Almaguer Carmenates Yuri , Bautista Hernández Maximiliano
Published: April 2021

En este estudio se utilizó Tomografía de Resistividad Eléctrica para identificar cavidades en el subsuelo de la región carbonífera del Estado de Coahuila, originadas por la minería del carbón, y con ello se valora el riesgo geológico inducido. Las mediciones se tomaron a lo largo de perfiles ubicados en las proximidades de carreteras y puentes, dentro de sectores de actividad minera. Estos perfiles se ubican evitando las propiedades privadas y abarcando algunas zonas de hundimientos de las carreteras. Se considera que la subsidencia es antropogénica y está relacionada con la actividad minera somera y relativamente profunda. En las secciones transversales de resistividad eléctrica obtenidas del proceso de inversión se identifican varias cavidades con diferentes formas desde los 7 m de profundidad. La mayoría de estas estructuras causan deformaciones en la superficie, generando hundimientos y fracturas en las carreteras. De forma general, las cavidades identificadas en dos de los sectores analizados se encuentran rellena de agua o sedimentos. En un tercer sector todas las cavidades están vacías o parcialmente rellenas con material colapsado de sus paredes y techos. Las secciones eléctricas revelan otras características del ambiente geológico, tales como zonas de disminución de los niveles acuíferos, inclinación de estratos (que indican paleo-subsidencia del terreno), fallas y fracturas que afectan la secuencia estratigráfica. La disminución de los niveles de los acuíferos indica cambios en el régimen hidrodinámico de las aguas subterráneas que han sido ocasionados por los espacios vacíos generados por la minería. Estos cambios provocan que el subsuelo se hunda debido a la presión litostática y el peso de los vehículos que pasan por encima de las carreteras. Como resultado final, se ubican en los tres sectores analizados, las áreas con mayor riesgo potencial de peligros relacionados con el hundimiento del subsuelo.
Identificación de las zonas de mayor amplificación sísmica en la mancha urbana de Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas como herramienta para evaluar la vulnerabilidad física por exposición
Authors: Moreno Ceballo Roberto , González Herrera Raúl , Paz Tenorio Jorge Antonio , Aguilar Carboney Jorge Alfredo , Del Carpio Penagos Carlos Uriel
Published: April 2021

La ciudad de Chiapa de Corzo ubicada en el centro del estado de Chiapas se encuentra en una de las regiones sísmicas más activas de México. Las condiciones locales del suelo han determinado la amplificación sísmica del lugar creando patrones en los daños observados tras la ocurrencia de sismos importantes, como el sucedido el 06 de octubre de 1975 que provocó cambios radicales en los habitantes de la ciudad, y el más reciente del 07 de septiembre de 2017, de magnitud 8.2 Mw. En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta de zonificación sísmica para regiones donde no existen estudios de vibración ambiental a través de una metodología simplificada, la cual constituye una herramienta para evaluar la vulnerabilidad física por exposición de las construcciones en ciudades con sistemas constructivos homogéneos en materiales, edades y patologías. La metodología propuesta emplea parámetros geológicos, edafológicos y la inclusión de dos variables cruciales como son las zonas inundables y los daños históricos por sismo. De acuerdo con los resultados del álgebra de mapas se obtuvieron dos zonas, una de mayor amplificación en donde se registraron el 85% de los daños para ambos sismos. Los insumos principales fueron cartografía digital, recorridos en campo para identificar las características constructivas de las estructuras que presentaban daños y procesamiento a través de software tipo SIG. Finalmente se determinó la vulnerabilidad por exposición a la amplificación sísmica en cada manzana en la zona urbana de Chiapa de Corzo, utilizando las regiones de amplificación como una variable determinante para denominar las construcciones vulnerables por exposición. Para gestión de riesgo esta técnica permite seleccionar las viviendas que deben ser reforzadas, reparadas o construidas con estándares de seguridad más altos.
‘Preferred Trajectories’ defined by mass and potential vorticity conservation
Authors: Ochoa José , Badan Antonio , Sheinbaum Julio , Castro Jorge
Published: April 2021

La mayoría de los métodos para estimar velocidades geostróficas "absolutas", en ausencia de mediciones directas de velocidad, utilizan restricciones que definen la dirección del flujo a diferentes niveles verticales. Estas restricciones permiten determinar, a menudo mediante la solución de problemas de cuadrados mínimos, las constantes de integración de la ecuación de viento térmico. Ejemplos de tales direcciones son las definidas por la intersección de superficies de temperatura potencial constante y de superficies isohalinas, que, bajo aproximaciones adecuadas, son superficies materiales. En este trabajo nos enfocamos en la circulación oceánica de gran escala que puede considerarse como un flujo adiabático, no difusivo, en balance hidrostático y geostrófico, pero que puede ser compresible. Bajo estas suposiciones definimos dos restricciones ortogonales mas estrechamente relacionadas con la dinámica que las de conservación de temperatura potencial y salinidad para determinar la dirección del flujo. Dichas restricciones son la conservación de densidad potencial "local" y la de vorticidad potencial en su reducción consistente con las características del flujo antes mencionadas. En la literatura se han definido superficies denominadas "Neutrales", "Ortobáricas" y "Topobáricas" las cuales son aproximadamente superficies materiales que resultan de la conservación de densidad potencial "local", pero su construcción como superficies globales requiere de suposiciones adicionales. Esto se debe a que la restricción de conservación de densidad potencial “local” es una ecuación diferencial inexacta que no permite definir, unívocamente, dichas superficies. En este trabajo mostramos explícitamente que para definir la dirección del flujo no hay necesidad de construir superficies globales partir de diferenciales inexactos y hacer suposiciones adicionales, como sería el caso si buscáramos superficies de vorticidad potencial constante. En su lugar, utilizamos "Trayectorias preferenciales" que son trayectorias bien definidas que se obtienen al integrar a lo largo de la dirección del flujo sin necesidad de ser la intersección de superficies globales. Se incluyen ejemplos con fines ilustrativos. Análisis adicionales incluyendo el de propagación de errores está más allá del alcance de este trabajo y se deja para futuros estudios.
Subsoil Characteristics of Mexico City, acceleration and hysteretic energy spectra for the Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 2017
Authors: Quinde Pablo , Reinoso Eduardo
Published: April 2021

The September 19, 2017 intraslab earthquake (Mw7.1), whose epicenter was located near the limits between the states of Puebla and Morelos at approximately 120km from Mexico City, caused severe damage in these regions. In Mexico City more than 40 buildings collapsed, and hundreds had moderate to severe damage; dozens of them are to be demolished. This article analyzes the spectral ratios of accelerometric stations in the lake-bed of Mexico City with respect to the average Fourier spectra at hill zone sites in order to study and compare over time the changes in the behavior of local effects and their relationship with the damage presented during this earthquake; these ratios exhibit also the settlement problem in some places in the city due to over exploiting the aquifer for water supply purposes. Finally, pseudoacceleration and hysteretic energy maps for Mexico City with a discussion with a possible correlation with reported damages are presented.
Ground motion prediction model for southeastern México removing site effects using the Earthquake horizontal-to-vertical ratio (EHVSR)
Authors: Lermo-Samaniego Javier
Published: April 2021

We propose a ground motion attenuation model (ground motion prediction equation, GMPE) for Southeast Mexico. We suppress site effects obtained from Earthquake Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (EHVSR) as a reliable estimate of site effects. (The attenuation model was built as a function of magnitude and hypocentral distance)). We used 86 seismic events with 5.0 ? Mw ? 8.2 (earthquake recordings for the 9/7/2017, Mw8.2 Tehuantepec earthquake are included), and distances between 52 ? R ? 618 km. They were recorded in nine stations of the Engineering Institute of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (II-UNAM) accelerometric network installed in the states of Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco and Veracruz. Site effects at each of these stations were estimated by using the average EHVSR. Then, by means of this spectral ratio the site effects were suppressed at each station and for every record. This work points out the need to remove the site effect in the GMPE. The current models overestimate this effect.
Assessment of social facilitiesʼs urbun development based on the integral rating of districts (case study of 25 districts of Moscow)
Authors: Strashnova Yulia G. , Strashnova Lyudmila F. , Zhukova Tatyana I.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article describes the methods and results of the sociological study carried out by the Institute of the Genplan Institute of Moscow in 2019–2020 to measure the satisfaction of the population with the level and quality of social infrastructure development (objects of commerce, public catering, household services, health care, social welfare, education, culture and leisure, sports). The relevance of research is reflected in the increasing importance of the social approach to design, due to the formation of the information society, the importance of analysing consumer behaviour of the population in terms of changes in value orientations and lifestyles, cultural attitudes as a result of economic transformations that have had a significant impact on consumer behaviour. The involvement of residents in the development of prospects for the development of residential areas improves the quality of urban documentation, as it forms targets for its implementation; taking into account requests based on the satisfaction of Moscow’s living conditions and the comfort of the urban environment.

Materials and methods. In carrying out the study, methods of field survey (collection of information on territory, population, built environment, state of the property) and systematic, typological, functional and structural analysis were applied. The sociological survey of the population was carried out by means of an online questionnaire, analysis and synthesis of the results and comparison with official statistics.

Results. The study was carried out in 25 districts of Moscow (Northern Administrative Okrug, North-Western Administrative Okrug and Zelenogradsky Administrative Okrug): the territorial organization of social infrastructure facilities was analysed, the quality of the living environment within municipalities was assessed. A lack of facilities has been identified. The prospects for the development of social infrastructure have been determined taking into account the views of the inhabitants of the districts.

Conclusions. The study provided a unique tool for identifying emerging imbalances in the development of social infrastructure, as well as effective urban planning of a cohesive urban environment, based on both normative calculations and population estimates. In order to objectively assess social development and to compile a ranking of districts according to the level of social infrastructure development, the following have been developed: index of population’s social infrastructure, index of diversity of facilities, integral index of social infrastructure development.
A simplified approach to the window gasket modeling for window strength calculation
Authors: Aksenov Ivan S. , Konstantinov Aleksandr P.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The study of the influence of window deformations on their performance characteristics is an urgent task. This problem is related to the issues of window elements static operation under the combined action of wind and temperature loads. It is proposed to use the capabilities of modern finite element modeling programs to analyze the window static operation. One of the problems is the modeling of an elastic window gaskets.

Materials and methods. Computation of a gasket structural behavior in the direct formulation is associated with significant computational costs. In this article it is proposed a simplified method which allows taking into account the gasket mechanical work when creating window fine element model in the COMSOL Multiphysics software. For this purpose, the dependence of the gasket reaction force on the degree of its compression was obtained; this dependence was used to create a special boundary condition that imitates the force transfer from one window element to another through the gasket.

Results. Two test computations were carried out with the same loads and grip conditions: in one, the gasket was modeled directly, in the other, it was replaced by the boundary condition described above. The results showed good agreement between the computations, moreover the second one needed much less time.

Conclusions. Scientific foundations of window design should be based on modern research methods including computer modeling. Creating a computer model of the window static operation will allow us to consider in detail its deformed state and operational characteristics under various boundary conditions. The method proposed in this article for modeling the gasket structural behavior will be useful in achieving this aim.
Impact assessment of silting on pipeline capacity
Authors: Ten Andrey E. , Dzhumagulova Nazira T. , Bryanskaya Yuliya V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Currently, in the construction of engineering systems for various purposes, pipelines made of polymer materials are often used. The ACO Qmax corrugated pipeline was developed as a drainage system for the drainage of surface runoff. The widespread use in practice of corrugated pipes, which have a significantly higher roughness than technically smooth ones, has caused the need to perform a number of calculations that take into account the features of their hydraulic operation. The purpose of the work is to compare the pipeline capacity in the case of partial silting within the corrugation and in the absence of it.

Materials and methods. Due to the complex structure of the inner surface, the resistance of the described polymer pipeline can only be determined experimentally. The hydraulic characteristics of the ACO Qmax corrugated pipeline with partial silting were determined experimentally in the Laboratory of Hydraulics and Hydromechanics of the Moscow State University of ­Civil Engineering (National Research University).

Results. The experiments were carried out under the following conditions: at flow rates Q (from 13.9 to 79.1 m3/h) and the slope of the bottom of the tray i = 0.005; at flow rates Q (from 14 to 89.1 m3/h) and the slope of the bottom of the tray i = 0.01. According to the experimental data obtained, the values of the hydraulic resistance coefficient, the Shezi coefficient, the Manning roughness, and the average flow velocity were calculated. The roughness obtained in a “clean” and partially silted pipeline is compared.

Conclusions. According to the results of the conducted experimental studies, it is concluded that the partial silting of the pipeline within the corrugation of the tray part practically does not affect its hydraulic resistance. A comparison of the experimental values of the average flow velocities in a silted and non-silted pipeline shows that they practically do not differ. Thus, the obtained values of the roughness coefficient can be assumed to be constant for this pipeline.
Arts-Based Instructional Leadership: Crafting a Supervisory Practice that Supports the Art of Teaching
Authors: Kelehear Zach
Published: April 2021

If teaching at its best is an art (Davis, 2005; Sarason, 1999; Grumet, 1993; Eisner, 1985; Barone, 1983; Greene, 1971; Smith 1971), then instructional leadership of teaching, done best, must also be based in art (Behar-Horenstein, 2004; Klein, 1999; Eisner, 1983 & 1998a; Blumberg, 1989; Barone, 1998). The author examines possible applications of an arts-based approach to instructional leadership (Blumberg, 1989; Pajak, 2003; Barone, 1998). Building on the research base regarding instructional leadership as art form, the author combines the Feldman Method (Feldman, 1995) of critique, Eisner’s (1998) notion of connoisseurship and Ragans’ (2005) articulation of the elements of art and the principles of design to construct a practice that captures both the technical craft of teaching and the aesthetic dimensions evident in artistic pedagogy (Eisner, 1983; Sarason, 1999). Preliminary results of an ongoing implementation study are presented.
Principal Leadership in New Teacher Induction: Becoming Agents of Change
Authors: Cherian Finney , Daniel Yvette
Published: April 2021

This small-scale pilot study investigated the role of school principals in the induction of new teachers in Ontario, Canada. Building upon the theoretical framework of Bolman and Deal (2002), as well as interviews, document analysis, and review of extant literature, the following findings were established: (a) Principals expressed that the educative mentorship of novices requires the engagement of the entire school community; and (b) Principals, veterans, and novices saw teaching as an intellectual, moral, and political endeavor that required their collective involvement. We suggest that principals employ the notion of “communities of practice” to instill a culture of support for new teacher induction.
Using a DEA Management Tool through a Nonparametric Approach: An Examination of Urban-Rural Effects on Thai School Efficiency
Authors: Kantabutra Sangchan
Published: April 2021

This paper examines urban-rural effects on public upper-secondary school efficiency in northern Thailand. In the study, efficiency was measured by a nonparametric technique, data envelopment analysis (DEA). Urban-rural effects were examined through a Mann-Whitney nonparametric statistical test. Results indicate that urban schools appear to have access to and practice different production technologies than rural schools, and rural institutions appear to operate less efficiently than their urban counterparts. In addition, a sensitivity analysis, conducted to ascertain the robustness of the analytical framework, revealed the stability of urban-rural effects on school efficiency. Policy to improve school efficiency should thus take varying geographical area differences into account, viewing rural and urban schools as different from one another. Moreover, policymakers might consider shifting existing resources from urban schools to rural schools, provided that the increase in overall rural efficiency would be greater than the decrease, if any, in the city. Future research directions are discussed.
Evaluation of Cocoa Agribusiness in South Manokwari Regency, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Nambela Junita Br. , Rouw Aser , Sipi Surianto
Published: April 2021

South Manokwari has triumphed with cocoa since 1980 but that glory has faded in recent years. Recently, this regency is faced with various problems for the development of cocoa agribusiness. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the current cocoa-based business in South Manokwari. This research was conductedin three districts in South Manokwari namely Oransbari, Ransiki, and Momi Waren. The study was conducted using the purposive random sampling technique on 119 respondents. The distribution of respondents in the three districts was: Oransbari 44 respondents; Ransiki 42 respondents; and Momi Waren 33 respondents. Basedon the study results, it was known that the average plantation ownership by the farmers was 1.09 ha. Ninety nine percent of farmers were still in productive age (15-65 years). The level of education was still low with 67.13% of farmers had no formal education or did not finish elementary school. Cultivation practices thatmust be improved included pruning (74.71%), fertilization (95.89%), pest and disease control (55.16%), and waste utilization (82.07%). The cocoa beans’ average production was in the range of 71.67–173.33 kg dry beans or 21.67–1000 kg fresh beans per ha harvested from 1,574 ha of farmers’ cocoa land in South Manokwari. Meanwhile, the average prices for cocoa beans were USD 0.24–USD 0.36/kg for the fresh beans and USD 1.20–USD 2.23/kg for the dried beans.
IMPLEMENTATION OF GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING ON OPEN-TYPE CARPARKS
Authors: Gryaznova Elena
Published: April 2021

Special aspects of the two-year (2018–2019) geotechnical monitoring for the parking buildings in use and their deformational behavior are presented in the article. In 2005, open-type car parks No. 1 and No. 2, fell into the inflence zone of a two construction projects, a railway line construction, which connects Vnukovo-1 airport and Kievsky railway station in Moscow, and construction of the new Vnukovo-1 airport building.The article discusses tasks to ensure serviceability of existing buildings. Geotechnical monitoring during building operation allows for a timely documentationof negative processes occurring in building structures and to make prompt decisions to prevent emergencies. Geotechnical monitoring is carried out according to a specially developed program that includes a set of works using various methods. This allows us to assess the state of the supporting structures of the monitored buildings to ensure their strength, reliability, and safe operation.
LOCALIZATION OF SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF ISOTROPIC PLATE ANALYSIS WITH THE USE OF B-SPLINE DISCRETE-CONTINUAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Mozgaleva Marina , Akimov Pavel , Kaytukov Taymuraz
Published: April 2021

Localization of solution of the problem of isotropic plate analysis with the use of B-spline discrete-continual finiteelement method (specificversion of wavelet-based discrete-continual finiteelement method) is under consideration in the distinctive paper. The original operational continual and discrete-continual formulations of the problem are given, some actual aspects of construction of normalized basis functions of a B-spline are considered, the corresponding local constructions for an arbitrary discrete-continual finiteelement are described, some information about the numerical implementation and an example of analysis are presented.
High-temperature Cyclic Deformation Behavior and Damage-coupled Unified Viscoplastic Constitutive Model for a Ductile Cast Iron QTRSi4Mo1
Authors: Wu Zhenxing , Chen Xuedong , Fan Zhichao , Zhou Yu , Yu Jinwen , Jiang Heng
Published: April 2021

Isothermal low cycle fatigue tests for a ductile cast iron QTRSi4Mo1
were carried out at 500°C and 760°C. The results showed that it
exhibited initial cyclic hardening followed by saturation at 500°C,
while gradual cyclic softening occurred at 760°C due to a more
pronounced creep effect. A damage-coupled unified viscoplastic
constitutive model incorporating two nonlinear and one linear strain
range-dependent drag stress components was developed, for modeling the
distinct strain range-dependent deformation behaviors at different
temperatures. In the model, a modified damage evolution law was
introduced. Furthermore, the parameter identification approach for the
unified viscoplastic model was proposed, including the initial estimates
combined with the genetic algorithm-based global optimization procedure.
The proposed model can simulate the strain range-dependent cyclic
deformation behaviors and predict the LCF failure life of the
investigated material.
Important Drop Rate of Acute Diabetes Complications in People With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes After Initiation of Flash Glucose Monitoring in France: The RELIEF Study
Authors: Roussel Ronan , Riveline Jean-Pierre , Vicaut Eric , Pouvourville Gérard de , Detournay Bruno , Emery Corinne , Levrat-Guillen Fleur , Guerci Bruno
Published: April 2021

Objective

The
RELIEF study assessed rates of hospitalization for
acute diabetes complications in France, before and after initiating the FreeStyle
Libre system.

Research
Design and Methods

74,011
patients with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes who initiated the FreeStyle
Libre system were identified from the French national claim database (SNDS) using
ICD-10 codes, from hospitalizations with diabetes as a contributing diagnosis, or
the prescription of insulin. Patients were sub-classified based on SMBG strip-acquisition
prior to starting FreeStyle Libre. Hospitalizations for DKA, severe
hypoglycemia, diabetes-related coma and hyperglycemia were recorded for the 12
months before and after initiation.

Results

Hospitalizations
for acute diabetes complications fell in type 1 diabetes (-49.0%) and in type 2
diabetes (-39.4%) following FreeStyle Libre initiation. DKA fell in type 1
diabetes (-56.2%,) and in type 2 diabetes (-52.1%), as did diabetes-related
comas in type 1 diabetes (-39.6%) and in type 2 diabetes (-31.9%).
Hospitalizations for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia decreased in type 2
diabetes (-10.8% and -26.5%, respectively). Before initiation, hospitalizations were most marked for people non-compliant
with SMBG and for those with highest acquisition of SMBG, which fell by -54.0%
and 51.2% respectively following FreeStyle Libre initiation. Persistence with FreeStyle Libre at 12 months was 98.1%.

Conclusions

This
large retrospective study on hospitalizations for acute diabetes complication shows
that a significantly lower incidence of admissions
for DKA and for diabetes-related coma is
associated with use of flash glucose monitoring. This study has significant
implications for patient-centered diabetes care and potentially for long-term
health economic outcomes.
Effects of different active fluxes on the molten pool behaviors of laser-welded thick stainless steel plates
Authors: Yan D.-B. , Mei L.-F. , Li P.-Z. , Lei Z.-Q. , Xie S. , Yin W. , Wang Z.-H.
Published: April 2021

Dynamic behaviors of molten pools during active laser welding of thick 304 stainless steel plates are monitored in real time by utilizing a high-speed camera system. The effects of various active fluxes on the dynamic variations of molten pools are analyzed, and the results are compared with the uncoated specimens. The research reveals that all the molten pools present periodic variations. Among them, the specimen coated with NaF active flux exhibits the shortest cycle of molten pool change, with a single cycle duration of approximately 0.5 s. The specimen coated with TiO2 active flux exhibits the longest cycle of molten pool change, and the single cycle duration is around 1.1 s. Moreover, the molten pools also show varying widths. The maximum molten pool width is found with the specimen coated with CeO2 active flux, whose value is 3.277 mm. Meanwhile, the minimum molten pool width is found with the specimen coated with NaF active flux, whose value is 1.799 mm. In addition, the coating of active fluxes also produces certain effects on molten pool stability. The specimen coated with NaF active flux presents intense emission of metal vapor during welding, drastic oscillation of the molten pool, and severe spattering of metal particles. Contrastively, the molten pool of the specimen coated with Cr2O3 active flux is rather stable. In conclusion, by selecting an appropriate active flux, the cycle of molten pool variation can be prolonged, the pool stability can be enhanced, and the occurrence of spattering and other defects can be suppressed.
Az Alföld metamorf aljzata: a köztes tömegtől a tarka mozaikig
Authors: M.Tóth Tivadar , Fiser-Nagy Ágnes , Kondor Henrietta , Molnár László , Schubert Félix , Vargáné Tóth Ilona , Zachar Judit
Published: April 2021

A hozzáférhető fúrómaganyag mennyiségének növekedésével, valamint a kőzettani módszerek fejlődésével párhuzamosan az elmúlt évtizedekben alapvetően megváltozott a modellünk az Alföld metamorf képződményekből álló medencealjzatáról. A korábbi egyveretű, statikus aljzat kép helyét egy nagyon eltérő metamorf fejlődéstörténetű egységekből álló, tarka mozaik vette át. Ez a kőzettani sokszínűség az 1960-as évekig feltételezett merev, „köztes tömeg” elképzeléssel szemben a variszkuszi orogenezis óta a szerkezeti mozgásokban aktív szerepet játszó metamorf litoszféra dinamikájának eredményeként alakulhatott ki. Dolgozatunkban nyolc aljzati mintaterületen mutatjuk be a felépítő fő metamorf képződményeket, azok evolúcióját, valamint térbeli kapcsolatrendszerüket. A vizsgált területek Jánoshalma, Kiskunhalas-Tázlár, Szank, Csólyospálos-Kömpöc, Szeghalom, Mezősas-Furta, Dorozsma és Algyő. A kőzetblokkok térbeli helyzetének rekonstrukciója során a részletes petrológiai elemzés mellett négy esetben lyukgeofizikai információt is integráltunk a modellekbe.

Az eredmények alapján az Alföld metamorf aljzatát a vizsgált területeken különböző szerkezeti mintázatok jellemzik. Kiskunhalason alsó szerkezeti helyzetű ortogneisz-domináns egység fölött széles, különböző kiindulási kőzettípusok deformációjával keletkezett milonitzóna, majd azt követően kis metamorf fokú fillit következik. Az eltérő fejlődésű egységeket elválasztó képlékeny nyírási zóna lapos szögű, közel északi dőlésű. A Szank, a Szeghalom, valamint a Mezősas-Furta területeket három, eltérő metamorf P-T (nyomás-hőmérséklet) fejlődést mutató egység építi fel, melyeket töréses deformációval jellemzett kataklázit zónák választanak el egymástól. Ezek a DNy-i dőlésű nyírási zónák feltételezhetően az alpi takarórendszer valamely egységéhez tartoznak. Szintén kréta korú feltolódásként értelmezzük a Dorozsma területen felismert aljzati blokkokat elválasztó széles kataklázit zónát. Itt, valamint a szomszédos Algyő területen ezt a felépítést felülírják a medence harmadidőszaki keletkezésével szinkron metamorf magkomplexum kialakulásához köthető szerkezetek. Mindezek komplex eredményeként jelenleg inkompatibilis metamorf fejlődésű egységek alkotják az Alföld déli részének metamorf aljzatát.

A különböző mintaterületeken azonosított szerkezeti mintázatok megfelelő alapot biztosítanak az Alföld metamorf aljzatának litosztratigráfiai újragondolása során is. Így az egyes, litológiailag önmagukban is rendkívül heterogén egységeket (komplexumokat) célszerű ezen mintázatok alapján definiálni és lehatárolni.
Review of geothermal conditions of Hungary
Authors: Lenkey Laszlo , Mihályka János , Paróczi Petra
Published: April 2021

The heat flow map of Hungary was presented in the Atlas of Geothermal Resources in Europe in 2002 and was last updated in 2005. Since that time several geothermal projects, e.g. TransEnergy (2010-13), assessment of the geothermal potential of the Drava basin (2013) Paks-II, NPP (2016) and continuous drilling activity in the country have been in progress. Large amount of temperature data became available, which allowed the update of the Geothermal Database of Hungary and the compilation of an updated heat flow map and temperature maps.

The heat flow is determined based on the Fourier law using the thermal conductivities of rocks and temperature gradient calculated from temperature observations in boreholes and wells. The thermal conductivity is known from laboratory measurements made on core samples. The thermal conductivities and the temperature data are stored in the Geothermal Database of Hungary.

The heat flow is calculated in 2001 boreholes and wells using the Bullard-plot technique. The mean heat flow in Hungary is 90 mW/m2, varying between 30 mW/m2 and 120 mW/m2. The high values are found over buried basement highs in the eastern and southern part of the country, while the low values are located in the recharge areas of karstic flow systems. In the sedimentary basins, where the thickness of the Neogene and Quaternary sediments reaches 5-7 km, the heat flow is slightly below the mean value (80-90 mW/m2) due to the cooling effect of sedimentation. These basins contain the main thermal water aquifer in Hungary utilized for district heating and green house heating. The buried basement highs characterized by high heat flow (100-120 mW/m2) are potential sites to create artificial geothermal reservoirs by hydraulic fracturing (EGS).

Temperature maps at 500 m, 1 km, 2 km and 3 km depths were also compiled. Similarly to the heat flow, the temperature anomalies strongly reflect the local and regional groundwater flow systems.
Results of Endoscopic and Open Removal of Hypertensive Subcortical Hematomas
Authors: Dashyan V. G. , Kryachev R. Y. , Shesterikov Y. A. , Godkov I. M. , Tsilina S. V. , Krylov V. V.
Published: April 2021

AIM OF STUDY To compare the effectiveness of surgical treatment of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hematomas (ICHs) of subcortical location and methods of endoscopic aspiration and open removal.

MATERIAl AND METHODS The results of surgical treatment of 97 patients with hypertensive subcortical hematomas were analyzed. In group 1 (n=52),endoscopic aspiration of the ICH was performed using a frameless  navigation station, in group 2 (n=45), open removal of the ICH was  performed using a microsurgical method.

RESUlTS Mortality among patients in the age group over 71 years after endoscopic aspiration of ICH was significantly lower than after open removal (30.8% and 60%, respectively). With a decrease in the level of wakefulness to sopor, the mortality rate with endoscopic removal was 50%, and with open intervention — 66.7%, with a decrease to coma — 100% in both groups. Among patients of the 1st group with the volume of ICH less than 40 cm3, the lethality was 11.1%, while in the 2nd group this indicator was almost 2 times higher — 20%. With endoscopic removal of an intrauterine device with a volume of 40 to 60 cm3, the mortality rate reached 14.3%, and with an open removal of a hematoma of the same volume, this indicator reached 30%, while the mortality rate in both groups was similar with a volume of an intrauterine device from 61 to 100 cm3 and amounted to 23.1% and 21.4% in the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. The radicality of hematoma removal in the 1st and 2nd groups was 86.4% and 86%, respectively.

CONClUSION Endoscopic removal of hypertensive subcortical hematomas revealed a greater number of patients with good recovery, and postoperative mortality was 11.3% lower than with open removal, which, along with the  simplicity of execution and minimally invasiveness, indicates the safety and  efficiency of endoscopic aspiration for surgical treatment of patients with intracerebral hematomas of subcortical location.
Appendiceal Intussusception
Authors: Maskin S. S. , Fetisov N. I. , Matyukhin V. V. , Yuan C.
Published: April 2021

The pathology of the appendix remains one of the topical areas of abdominal surgery. Its rare diseases can be difficult to diagnose and treat, and are accompanied by the development of serious complications. One of them is  intussusception of the appendix to the cecum. Intussusception can be caused by previously undiagnosed primary lesions of the appendix. At the same time, it can simulate tumor and tumor-like formations of the cecum and lead to  diagnostic errors. The literature review provides modern data on the history of the study of the problem, the epidemiology of classification, the causes and mechanisms of the development of appendiceal intussusception, the methods of its diagnosis and treatment.
Providing Emergency Medical Care at the Prehospital Stage to Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Acute Ischemic Stroke in Moscow: the Role of the Aviation Medical Teams of the Emergency Medical Care Center (Territorial Center of Disaster Medicine)
Authors: Gumenyuk S. A. , Shchikota A. M. , Pogonchenkova I. V.
Published: April 2021

The increase in the number of patients with complications of cardiovascular diseases and the need for early diagnosis of such complications and the early initiation of treatment already at the prehospital stage leads to an increasing  need for more frequent use of helicopter medical equipment, as well as for equipping aviation medical teams with highly qualified specialists. The  formation of a network of vascular invasive centers in the Moscow region,  modern equipment and its use in air ambulance conditions require constant improvement of skills among medical workers. All this undoubtedly leads to positive results, the mortality rate from heart attacks and strokes decreases, the duration of treatment and the period of rehabilitation of patients are  reduced. It should be noted that even 10 years ago, medical helicopters were used in the elimination of medical consequences in road accidents, fires and emergencies. Today, aviation medical teams are involved in more than 50% of cases with cardiovascular diseases, which undoubtedly speaks of the  prospects for the development of medical aviation in large cities.
More on the Modern Approach to Diagnostics and Treatment of Spleen Trauma in Children
Authors: Rumyantseva G. N. , Kazakov A. N. , Volkov S. I. , Yusufov A. A. , Brevdo Y. F. , Portenko Y. G.
Published: April 2021

Today, the problem of spleen injury in children still appears relevant. The choice of diagnostics and treatment tactics at the present stage is far from being unified. The priority direction is the organ-preserving approach, which  is possible and justified in children, which significantly reduces surgical  aggression and prevents the likelihood of negative consequences of splenectomy. The choice of the optimal diagnostic method and  determination of safe treatment tactics was the purpose of our study. Thirty-nine injured children were treated in 2007–2019. The predominant cause of spleen injury was fall from height (64.1%). Echography was the main diagnostic method, which was performed around the clock. Splenectomy  was performed in 7 patients (17.9%), in 32 children (82.1%) the organ was preserved. One case (2.6%) was fatal. The analysis of our own results showed that the widespread use of echography, particularly by surgeons, is necessary in the emergency service and greatly simplifies the work. The developed local protocol for diagnosis and treatment is simple and accessible, since it is based on the interpretation of the main criteria, such as systemic hemodynamics and hemoperitoneum. Continued bleeding reasons diagnostic laparoscopy. With unstable hemodynamics, large hemoperitoneum, laparotomy is indicated.
The Structure and Organization of Medical Care for Victims With Thermal Trauma in Emergency Situations
Authors: Borisov V. S. , Gumenyuk S. A. , Sachkov A. V. , Potapov V. I. , Teryaev V. G. , Karasev N. A.
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION Based on the Ministry of Emergency Situations data megapolises note an annual increase of the emergency situations (ES). The increase of an urban population in Russia up to 73% results in considerable human victims in big cities due to thermal injuries among others.

THE AIM of the present research is to analyze the structure of ES victims and the efficiency of the organization of a medical care for victims with thermal injuries in Moscow in 2016–2018.

MATERIAl AND METHODS We have held a retrospective analysis of 113 cases of patients of a Burn Center of Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department, and have studies the data of an automated informational analytical system named “Emergency Medicine” for 2016 2018.

RESUlTS For an absolute number of victims, fires are on the third place among different emergencies in Moscow, but on the pre­hospitalization stage, the biggest number of deaths are registered (38,2%). The number of patients with thermal injuries reaches 31% among all the patients in hospitals. We note a multi­factor and a combined character of injuries characterized by a high mortality rate (9,8%).

CONClUSION A present system of medical help for patients with thermal injuries, from the moment of ES fact to the hospitalization to multidisciplinary treatment­and­prophylactic organizations having an experience of specialized medical services, is a reliable and effective element of the health system.
Acute Myocardial Injury Detected By ECG-Synchronized Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in a Polymorbid Female Patient
Authors: Ostroumov E. N. , Kanibolotsky A. A. , Migunova E. V. , Kudryashova N. Y. , Stepan E. V. , Chepky D. A. , Muslimov R. S. , Parkhomenko M. V. , Kambarov S. Y. , Mazanov M. K. , Sinyakova O. G.
Published: April 2021

A case of acute focal myocardial injury in a polymorbid female patient with intact coronary arteries according to direct coronary angiography is reported. Acute focal myocardial injury was detected by ECG-synchronized  perfusion single-photon emission computed tomogra-phy (SPECT) of the  myocardium, and confirmed by the results of postmortem examination. The article also discusses the possibility of using perfusion SPECT to diagnose acute focal changes against the background of focal inflammatory myocardial infiltration.
Clinical Case of Facial Muscles Function Recovery in a Patient With Idiopathic Lesions of the Facial Nerve With Unfavorable Myographic Predictors
Authors: Chekhonatskaya K. I. , Zavaliy L. B. , Sinkin M. V. , Semenov L. L. , Ramazanov G. R. , Petrikov S. S.
Published: April 2021

The facial nerve (fn) palsy is a disease of the peripheral nervous system that leads to aesthetic, organic and functional disorders. The causes of the disease are different, the most common is the idiopathic form bell’s palsy. With a conservative approach to therapy, up to 80% of patients note the complete recovery of the lost functions of facial muscles, the others have the likelihood of severe consequences. Electroneuromyography is used to assess the risk of a negative outcome of the disease. In cases of confirmation of severe nerve damage, surgical treatment is suggested. The article presents a clinical case of complete recovery of the function of facial muscles in a patient with severe damage to the a nerve and an unfavorable prognosis. The course of the disease, complications of bell’s palsy and methods of their correction are described. Timely correct choice of treatment tactics and prevention of complications minimizes negative consequences. When working with a patient, a differentiated approach is important depending on the clinical situation.