bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ГОРЕНИЕ ТОПЛИВНОЙ СМЕСИ В ДНИЩЕВОЙ КАВЕРНЕ СУДНА: ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ И РАСЧЕТ
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Фролов С. М. ,   Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»,   Научно-исследовательский институт системных исследований Российской академии наук,   Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС»,   Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения им. А. Г. Мержанова, Платонов С. В. ,   АО «ЦМКБ «Алмаз», Авдеев К. А. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Аксёнов В. С. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук,   Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ», Иванов В. С. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук,   Научно-исследовательский институт системных исследований Российской академии наук, Зангиев А. Э. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Садыков И. А. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Тухватуллина Р. Р. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Фролов Ф. С. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук,   Научно-исследовательский институт системных исследований Российской академии наук, Шамшин И. О. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук,   Научно-исследовательский институт системных исследований Российской академии наук
Published: January 2021

Проведены экспериментальные исследования процессов пульсирующего горения пропано-воздушной смеси в модельной днищевой каверне судна (без обводов судна), погруженной в бассейн с покоящейся водой. В экспериментах регистрировались расходы воздуха и горючего, распространение пламени, а также выталкивающая и толкающая силы, действующие на модельную каверну. Результаты экспериментов сравниваются с результатами трехмерных расчетов, основанных на физико-математической модели горения подготовленной горючей смеси в полузамкнутом объеме над свободной поверхностью воды, разработанной ранее: по форме и положению фронта пламени и границы раздела сред«газ-вода» в разные моменты времени и по динамике изменения сил, действующих на днище и на редан каверны. Получено удовлетворительное качественное и количественное согласие результатов расчетов и измерений.
НЕПРЕРЫВНО-ДЕТОНАЦИОННАЯ ФОРСАЖНАЯ КАМЕРА СГОРАНИЯ
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Фролов С. М. , Иванов В. С. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Шамшин И. О. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Аксёнов В. С. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Вовк М. Ю. ,   ПАО «ОДК-УМПО», Мокрынский И. В. ,   ПАО «ОДК-УМПО», Брусков В. А. ,   Войсковая часть 15650, Игонькин Д. В. ,   Войсковая часть 15650, Москвитин С. Н. ,   Войсковая часть 15650, Илларионов А. А. ,   Войсковая часть 15650, Марчуков Е. Ю. ,   Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский университет)
Published: January 2021

Впервые разработана, изготовлена и испытана детонационная форсажная камера сгорания (ДФКС), работающая на непрерывно-детонационном горении авиационного керосина ТС-1. Огневые испытания ДФКС в комбинации с малогабаритным одноконтурным турбореактивным двигателем (ТРД) TJ100S-125 проведены на наземном стенде. В испытаниях зарегистрированы устойчивые режимы непрерывно-детонационного горения авиационного керосина - околопредельный режим продольно-пульсирующей детонации (ППД) и режим спиновой детонации (СД) с одной детонационной волной. По сравнению с обычной форсажной камерой сгорания при том же уровне внутрикамерного давления удельный расход топлива в ДФКС оказался на 30% ниже, а удельная тяга и коэффициент форсирования тяги - на 30% выше. Показано, что при работе в режиме ППД средний тепловой поток в стенки ДФКС составляет около 0,5 МВт/м41 , а в режиме СД - 0,86 МВт/м41 . Эти показатели свидетельствуют о высоких потенциальных возможностях ДФКС применительно к перспективным воздушно-реактивным двигателям.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ СИЛЬНО ПЕРЕГРЕТОГО ВОДЯНОГО ПАРА СПОМОЩЬЮЦИКЛИЧЕСКОЙДЕТОНАЦИИТРОЙНОЙ ГАЗОВОЙСМЕСИ "ПРОПАН-КИСЛОРОД-ВОДЯНОЙ ПАР"
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Фролов С. М. ,   Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ», Сметанюк В. А. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Шамшин И. О. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Коваль А. С. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук,   Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ», Фролов Ф. С. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Набатников С. А. ,   ООО «Новые физические принципы»
Published: January 2021

Проведены систематические эксперименты по определению концентрационных пределов детонации тройных смесей «пропан - кислород - водяной пар» при нормальном атмосферном давлении. Эксперименты выполнены в инновационном импульсно-детонационном пароперегревателе (ИДП) с многократной циклической детонацией тройных смесей при варьировании коэффициента избытка горючего (от 0,3 до 1,7) и объемной доли водяного пара (от 0 до 0,7). В дополнение к экспериментам проведены термодинамические расчеты. Показано, что циклическая детонация тройных смесей «пропан - кислород - водяной пар» позволяет получить сильно перегретый водяной пар (СПП) с температурой выше 2250 К при атмосферном давлении, причем в выходном сечении ИДП продукты детонации стехиометрической тройной смеси могут содержать до 80% СПП и до 20% СО2 . Предложено использовать такую высокотемпературную среду для глубокой переработки органических коммунальных и промышленных отходов и газификации углей с получением газовой смеси СО и Н2 , которая в дальнейшем может использоваться в качестве энергетического газа для производства тепла и/или электричества и/или в качестве сырья для производства метанола и синтетических моторных топлив. Вследствие периодического заполнения ИДП «холодной» тройной газовой смесью температура его стенок и внутренних элементов повышается незначительно, так что для его изготовления можно использовать обычные (не жаропрочные) конструкционные материалы.
ПЕРВИЧНЫЕ РЕАКЦИИ ГАЗОФАЗНОГО ТЕРМОЛИЗА БИЦИКЛООКТОГЕНА ПО ДАННЫМ ВЫСОКОТОЧНЫХ КВАНТОВО-ХИМИЧЕСКИХ РАСЧЕТОВ
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Мельников И. Н. , Муравьев Н. В. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Пивкина А. Н. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, Киселев В. Г. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук,   Институт химической кинетики и горения им. В. В. Воеводского Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук,   Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет
Published: January 2021

Цис-1,3,4,6-тетранитрооктагидроимидазо-[4,5-ф-имидазол (бициклооктоген, BCHMX) - новое перспективное высокоэнергетическое соединение, которое может быть использовано как компонент твердых ракетных топлив или взрывчатых составов. Термолиз BCHMX активно исследуется как экспериментальными, так и теоретическими методами, однако механизм и кинетические параметры этого процесса изучены недостаточно. Впервые проведено высокоточное квантово-химическое моделирование первичных реакций термолиза BCHMX в газовой фазе с помощью локальных модификациий метода связанных кластеров (DLPNO-CCSD(T)), что позволило определить наиболее вероятные первичные реакции в механизме газофазного разложения BCHMX. Обнаружено существование ранее не обсуждавшихся в литературе 9 газофазных конформеров BCHMX, для которых рассчитаны термодинамические параметры и энергии активации следующих первичных реакций: разрыв связи N-NO2, молекулярное элиминирование HONO и реакции изомеризации с участием нитрогрупп. Установлено, что доминирующая роль в газофазном термолизе принадлежит реакции радикального отрыва нитрогруппы, а энергия связи составляет ~ 41 ккал/моль. Активационные барьеры конкурирующих молекулярных реакций превышают 50 ккал/моль.
LA CASA DE L’AEROPORT: UNA VIVIENDA PARADIGMÁTICA DE LA MENORCA PROTOHISTÓRICA Y ROMANA (SS. IV A.N.E. - II N.E.)
Authors: Torres Gomariz Octavio , De Nicolás Mascaró Joan C.
Published: January 2021

En los años noventa del pasado siglo XX, la ampliación de la pista del aeropuerto de Menorca dejó al descubierto un conjunto de unidades domésticas protohistóricas pertenecientes al poblado de Biniparratx Petit (Sant Lluís, Maó). Una de ellas se conservó prácticamente íntegra, constituyendo un caso representativo de esta tipología de vivienda en la isla menorquina. La cultura material mueble recuperada y los particulares elementos arquitectónicos documentados hacen de esta casa un ejemplar excepcional para comprender la vida cotidiana de la sociedad postalayótica y su devenir histórico en el Mediterráneo protohistórico.
Pequeñas esferas de barro y piedra en la Prehistoria Reciente de la Península Ibérica
Authors: Pastor Quiles María
Published: January 2021

En los contextos arqueológicos desde finales del III milenio y hasta aproximadamente mediados del II milenio BC en la península ibérica se han documentado pequeñas esferas de arcilla, así como de piedra, que apenas han recibido atención por parte de la investigación. En este artículo, recogemos los hallazgos de este tipo de materialidad de los que tenemos constancia, tratando también las esferas documentadas durante el I milenio BC, que han sido documentadas en un número mayor y abordadas algo más en la bibliografía científica. Asimismo, discutimos las interpretaciones que se han propuesto, desde diferentes contextos geográficos y temporales, acerca de estos materiales arqueológicos, su naturaleza, funciones e incluso su significado simbólico, con el objetivo de poder contribuir a un conocimiento más amplio de estas bolitas, que permita su mejor estudio futuro.
Revitalizar el patrimonio arquitectónico en desuso
Authors: Cabrera García Víctor Manuel , Valiente Ochoa Esther
Published: January 2021

Recuperar el patrimonio arquitectónico en desuso y abandonado incorporando nuevos usos supone un reto importante para la sociedad actual. El profundo conocimiento de la historia, del marco legislativo, de las tipologías constructivas y de los materiales de construcción de los edificios históricos además de poseer una cierta sensibilidad serán las herramientas imprescindibles para reducir las incertidumbres en las intervenciones a realizar en el patrimonio arquitectónico.
Aproximación a los museos universitarios en México: de la UNAM a la UAEMex
Authors: García Lirio Manuela
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer algunos ejemplos del patrimonio artístico universitario mexicano, tomando como referencia en Ciudad de México la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y otras universidades en las ciudades de Puebla y Toluca. A lo largo de este trabajo se establece un recorrido por museos, galerías, centros culturales y otros espacios, encargados de reflexionar en aspectos históricos y culturales, relacionando la universidad, el coleccionismo y la sociedad.
Üreticilerin Kuraklığa Yönelik Tutumlarını Etkileyen Temel Faktörlerin Analizi
Authors: ÇUHADAR Muhammed , ATIŞ Ela
Published: January 2021

Nerede ve ne zaman meydana geleceği belli olmayan ve insan faaliyetleri sonucu, etkisi günden güne artan kuraklık, tarımsal üretimde her yıl büyük miktarlarda kayba neden olmaktadır. İklim değişikliği nedeniyle, kapsadığı alan ve etkilediği insan sayısı artan kuraklığa karşı politika geliştirilmesi, hem ekonomik hem de ekolojik anlamda büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada da çiftçilerin kuraklığa yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesi ve Faktör Analizi ile bu tutumların temelinde yatan faktör boyutlarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, Faktör analizi sonuçları kullanılarak üreticilerin belirli segmentlere ayrılması ve bu segmentlere göre politika geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, gelecekte iklim değişikliği ve kuraklıktan en çok etkilenmesi öngörülen havzalardan biri olan Ceyhan Havzası’nda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Havzada en çok kuraklık eğilimi gösteren Afşin, Elbistan ve Ekinözü ilçelerinde 162 çiftçi ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere Faktör Analizi uygulanmış ve Eylem, Endişe, Çevre Koruma, Umutsuzluk ve Teknoloji şeklinde isimlendirilen boyutlar elde edilmiştir. Faktör analizinden beş farklı boyut elde edildikten sonra çiftçiler üç ayrı segmente ayrılmış ve “karamsarlar” adlı segmentte bulunanlar, kuraklıkla ilgili politikalarda odaklanılması gereken çiftçiler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu segmentteki çiftçilere, kuraklığın çözümü için teknolojik yöntemlerin önemi, çevre koruma konusunda alabilecekleri önlemler ve çevreyi koruyan uygulamaların kuraklık konusunda ne kadar önem arz ettiği ve kuraklığın çözümü için ilk önce bireylerin davranışlarının değişmesi gerektiği konusunda bilgilendirici çalışmalar yapılması gerekmektedir.
Methodological Approaches to Providing State Support for Development of Public Urban Passenger Transport
Authors: Bryazgina E. O. , Kazmin D. M.
Published: January 2021

The article, based on the analysis of the existing methods for selection of constituent entities of the Russian Federation to be provided with federal support in modernization of the rolling stock of public urban passenger transport and introduction of intelligent transport systems within the framework of the national project «Safe and High-Quality Highways», highlights main approaches and principles used by the federal authorities as guidelines when making decision on the public state support of the activity planned by the regions in the field of urban transport development. The adequacy of these approaches is considered for cases when state support for public urban passenger transport should be provided on an emergency basis (in particular, under the conditions of a sharp decrease in passenger traffic and ticket revenue due to anti-epidemic measures), proposals are formulated to update these approaches.
Comparative Assessment of Competitiveness of Passenger Transportation
Authors: Filimonova Z. V.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the methodological principles and results of the analysis of key economic indicators for transportation of passengers by rail in the largest countries of the world (France, Germany, USA, Japan, China, and India) in comparison with similar indicators in Russia to determine reference objects for assessing competitiveness of the segment of rail passenger transportation in Russia.

Features of railway systems of the countries under consideration have been briefly analysed. To better demonstrate the results of the analysis, the study objects were enlarged following territorial criterion, i.e., the results are presented not for individual companies, but for the countries where the companies operate.

The calculation of quality indicators of transportation activities for each of the countries considered has been carried out resulted in compilation of a matrix reflecting to some extent the current situation in development of passenger railway transportation. Recommendations have been formulated on the choice of reference objects depending on the specified criteria of comparison.
Basic Methodology of Traffic Management for the Street and Road Network of a Large City with Traffic Lights Regulation
Authors: Vitolin S. V.
Published: January 2021

The objective of the article is to develop a system of principles and methods aimed at improving management of transport flows on the street and road network of a large city with traffic lights regulation. The suggested methodology is based on the methods used in Russia and abroad to improve road traffic safety and quality, results of a survey of experts in the field of road design and traffic management, monitoring at regulated crossings, and analysis of road accidents in the city of Volgograd. The primary customer property of a regulated crossing is road safety. Elimination of causes of road traffic accidents associated with road traffic, structural geometric, signalling, and technical conditions is the most important task regarding a regulated crossing. Enhancing road traffic quality at low levels of network load supposed considering demand for transportation, increase in travel comfort, coordination, and flexibility of traffic lights operation. High degree of network load supposes that more attention is paid to traffic capacity of the street and road network elements, restrained access of vehicles to areas of greater congestion, increased duration of a green light cycle (for more than 120 seconds, if this does not affect traffic safety and network congestion degree).
Features of Organisation of Transport and Logistics Cluster Prioritising Intelligent Transport Technologies Development
Authors: Budrina E. V. , Lebedeva A. S. , Rogavichene L. I. , Kvitko K. B.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the prospects for organizing a cluster as an effective tool for ensuring connectivity of territories of the Russian Federation through the systematic and integrated implementation of intelligent transport technologies, which corresponds to strategic directions of development of transport in the Russian Federation and determines the relevance of the topic. The objective of the study is to determine the features of organisation of the transport and logistics cluster prioritising development of intelligent transport technologies by analysing the prospects for their development, studying variability of characteristics and structure of the cluster under various conditions of its formation based on the methods of formal logic, grouping, analysis of statistical data, normative-legal information, information synthesis. The study resulted in identification of prerequisites for the most rapid development and effective implementation of intelligent transport systems within the cluster. The expediency of using this approach has been substantiated, despite its labour intensity and cost. The study suggests definitions of an innovative transport and logistics cluster, as wells as characteristics of the transport and logistics cluster prioritising intelligent transport technologies. The study revealed the specifics of organisation of this cluster, which is primarily determined by the presence of dual characteristics. The peculiarities of cluster formation are reflected in the proposed structure of the cluster under study. The role of the state in organizing an innovative transport and logistics cluster is also defined
Introduction of the Latest Railway Technology based on Intersectoral Cooperation
Authors: Troitskiy P. S.
Published: January 2021

The article studies direct and external effects produced by the development of railway infrastructure facilities. Examples of intersectoral cooperation in the transport sector in Russian and international practices confirm that development of intersectoral production and transport interaction of business entities allows to radically accelerate scientific and technological progress in the railway industry, namely, to develop and introduce new models of railway rolling stock, new transportation technology, considering also regional features of the transportation market.

The practical part considers the advantages of introduction of freight electric multiple-unit trains (FEMUT), identifying the main groups of cargo owners, for whom this type of rolling stock is intended. The results of calculations show possible reduction in running time and in specific consumption of electric power when introducing FEMUT. The calculated costs of self-propelled (motor) and trailer wagons of FEMUT are followed by the results of economic calculations of NPV of life cycle operation of FEMUT in comparison with a train with locomotive traction. To achieve the stated objectives of the research, the work uses methods and tools of technical comparison and of financial planning.
Efficiency of Planning the Reconstruction of Railway Facilities Using BIM
Authors: Volkov B. A. , Boyarinov D. A.
Published: January 2021

The development of industrial enterprises and the growth of the logistics market require a new approach of planning the construction and reconstruction of railway infrastructure facilities. For the efficient functioning of the transport system, it is necessary to balance the infrastructure capacity and the needs of the freight and passenger transport market. Uneven growth in traffic volumes applies an extra load to the railway network.

Reconstruction of an infrastructure facility can be considered as a phased increase in the production capacity of an enterprise, considering the indicators of net present value (NPV) and labour costs based on the dynamic programming method.

The article analyses the issue of using BIM‑modelling in planning the reconstruction of railway infrastructure facilities. The concept of a digital railway is considered as an example since digital railway projects are the main drivers of the economy of many countries.

Reconstruction of railways in the context of a lack of information about the existing infrastructure facility is an urgent problem for the design organization when conducting surveys in difficult conditions, agreeing on the list of engineering networks and linking the infrastructure of the design object with external asset holders.

The objective of the article is to consider the dominant role of BIM for the infrastructure reconstruction projects using a method for economic assessment of investment options based on dynamic programming according to NPV indicator.
Korupsi, Hibah dan Hadiah dalam Persfektif Hukum Islam (Klarifikasi dan Pencegahan Korupsi)
Authors: Sabir Muhammad , Mutmainnah Iin
Published: January 2021

This study attends to analyze the ulama perspective regarding the corruption, gift and grants, as well as the actions taken to prevent corruption. Qualitative descriptive is type of this research and uses a juridical sociology approach in analyzing corruption. Prizes and grants that are assumed to be gratuities are basically commendable acts but can lead to criminal acts of corruption when related to officials government. while the ulama agree that corruption is an illegal act. And the preventing and overcoming corruption is to carry out strict supervision and to give strict sanctions to the perpetrators.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pandangan ulama menyangkut korupsi, hadiah dan hibah, serta tindakan  yang dilakukan dalam mencegah tindak pidana korupsi. Deskriptif kualitatif merupakan jenis penelitian ini dan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi yuridis dalam menganalisis tindak pidana korupsi. Hadiah dan hibah yang diasumsikan sebagai gratifikasi pada dasarnya merupakan perbuatan terpuji namun bisa berujung pada tindak pidana korupsi apabila berkaitan dengan pejabat. Sementara ulama bersepakat bahwa korupsi adalah perbuatan haram. Hal yang dilakukan dalam pencegahan dan penanggulangan tindak pidana korupsi ialah melakukan pengawasan ketat dan memberikan sanksi yang tegas kepada para pelaku.
Pembentukan Keluarga Sakinah Mawaddah Warahmah menurut Undang – Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam
Authors: Hudafi Hamsah
Published: January 2021

The formation of a sakinah mawaddah and rahmah family is a family that is desired by every married person. The purpose of a marriage and the application of the rights and obligations of husband and wife, because in this day and age we see many marriages that do not last long. This encourages the author to write an article that will discuss how to build a sakinah-mawaddah-warahmah family in accordance with the Marriage Law and Islamic Law Compilation (KHI). The writing method used a literature studies that take from existing books and writings. In this paper, there are efforts to establish a household, namely those contained in articles 30-34 of the Marrige Law and article 77 KHI and also solutions to the formation of the samawa household. The solution is to maintain communication relationships, biological needs, appearances and regulate the family economy.

 

Pembentukan keluarga yang sakinah mawaddah dan rahmah merupakan sebuah keluarga yang diinginkan oleh setiap orang yang sudah menikah. Tujuan dari sebuah perkawinan dan penerapan hak dan kewajiban suami istri, karena di zaman sekarang banyak kita lihat pernikahan-pernikahan yang tidak berlangsung lama. Hal tersebut mendorong penulis untuk menulis sebuah tulisan yang akan membahas tentang bagaimana membangun keluarga yang sakinah-mawaddah-warahmah sesuai dengan Undang-undang perkawinan dan KHI. Metode penulisan menggunakan studi literatur yang mengambil dari buku dan tulisan yang sudah ada. Dalam tulisan ini terdapat upaya pembentukan rumahtangga yaitu yang terdapat pada pasal 30-34 UUP dan pasal 77 KHI dan juga solusi pembentukan rumah tangga yang samawa. Adapun solusinya yaitu menjaga hubungan komunikasi, kebutuhan biologis, menjaga penampilan dan mengatur ekonomi keluarga.
Working University Students in Riau Archipelago: Dual Role and Depression
Authors: Nurwulan Nurul Retno , Selamaj Gjergji
Published: January 2021

University students working and studying at the same time for various reasons. The aim of the study is to review the impact of students’ dual role as students and workers on the depression rate of working university students in Batam, Indonesia. A comprehensive review of the literature revealed that working while studying does not necessarily affect students’ academic performance. However, depression is the most common health problem in university students. However, working students tend to have higher depression rate than non-working students. Depression in students may be the cause of the high dropout rate in Batam. It is important to administer depression-prevention intervention as early as possible, since the first- and second-year students are the most likely to get depressed

 

Beragam alasan melatarbelakangi mahasiswa bekerja selama berkuliah. Penelitian ini mengulas dampak peran ganda sebagai mahasiswa dan pekerja kecenderungan depresi pada mahasiswa bekerja di Batam, Indonesia. Ulasan komprehensif dari literatur dan observasi langsung menunjukkan bahwa bekerja sambil berkuliah tidak mempengaruhi kinerja akademis mahasiswa. Meskipun demikian, mahasiswa bekerja cenderung memiliki tingkat depresi yang lebih tinggi daripada mahasiswa yang tidak bekerja. Depresi pada mahasiswa dapat menjadi penyebab tingginya tingkat dropout di Batam. Melakukan intervensi pencegahan depresi pada mahasiswa sedini mungkin merupakan hal yang sangat penting dikarenakan mahasiswa tingkat pertama dan kedua adalah yang paling rentan terhadap depresi.
International Students’ Vocabulary Learning Strategies at the English Language Intensive Course for Overseas Students’ Program
Authors: Fitriani Suci , Artika Febria Sri
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to investigate the Vocabulary Learning Strategies (VLS) employed by international students who are studying English as a second language at the English Language Intensive Course for Overseas Students Program (ELICOS) of the University of Canberra College English Language Centre (UCCELC) in Australia. A qualitative design was used to gather information from six international students from different countries including Indonesia, China, Philippine, and Japan by using interviews. The results from the interview were then analyzed and presented by using the qualitative research procedures including coding, grouping, argument construction, and drafting. The finding of this research revealed that students at the ELICOS program employ various VLS including cognitive, metacognitive, memory, and social strategies. Cognitive strategies are identified as the most popular strategies used by the students, followed by metacognitive and memory strategies respectively and social strategies are recognized as the least popular. These findings have important implications in improving the quality of language teaching and learning process and enriching the research repertoire in the field of VLS.

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi pembelajaran kosa kata yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa internasional yang sedang mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua di English Language Intensive Course for Foreign Students Program (ELICOS) di University of Canberra College English Language Centre (UCCELC) di Australia.  Desain kualitatif digunakan untuk mengumpulkan informasi kepada enam siswa internasional dari berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia, Cina, Filipina, dan Jepang dengan menggunakan wawancara. Hasil wawancara kemudian dianalisis dan disajikan dengan menggunakan prosedur penelitian kualitatif meliputi pengkodean, pengelompokan, penyusunan argumen dan penyusunan. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa siswa pada program ELICOS menerapkan berbagai strategi pembelajaran kosakata termasuk strategi kognitif, metakognitif, memori dan sosial. Strategi kognitif diidentifikasi sebagai strategi paling populer diikuti oleh strategi metakognitif dan memori masing-masing dan strategi sosial diakui sebagai yang paling tidak populer. Temuan ini memiliki implikasi penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas proses belajar mengajar bahasa dan memperkaya khasanah penelitian di bidang strategi pembelajaran kosa kata.
Dokumentasi Keperawatan
Authors: NAFI'AH SALSABILA
Published: January 2021

Dokumentasi pengkajian keperawatan merupakan catatan tentang hasil pengkajian yang dilaksanakan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dari pasien, membuat data dasar tentang pasien, dan membuat catatan tentang respons kesehatan pasien. Pengkajian yang komprehensif atau menyeluruh, sistematis yang logis akan mengarah dan mendukung pada identifikasi masalah-masalah pasien. Masalah-masalah ini dengan menggunakan data penkajian sebagai dasar formulasi yang dinyatakan sebagai diagnosa keperawatan.
Toilet: Dari Mohenjodaro hingga DPR
Authors: fathurozi
Published: January 2021

Seorang teman yang berprofesi sebagai desain grafis di Kota Semarang pernah mengatakan, ketika sedang melakukan pekerjaan, lalu di tengah-tengah ide kreatifnya mandek, ia selalu lari ke kamar mandi untuk mencari ide. Bagi dia, toiletlah yang telah membantu melahirkan karya-karya kreatifnya.Di sisi lain, toilet dijadikan ruang ekspresi bagi sebagian orang. Kita bisa lihat foto-foto berlatar ruang toilet di jejaring sosial Facebook dan Twitter. Bahkan terdapat restoran berdekorasi serba toilet, bukan hanya di satu negara, melainkan sekaligus di China, Jepang, dan Taiwan.
Upaya Perawat Dalam Melaksanakan Diagnosa Keperawatan
Authors: Gulo Nadya Duta Haga
Published: January 2021

Diagnosa keperawatan adalah penilaian klinik tentang respons individu, keluarga, atau komunitas terhadap masalah kesehatan/proses kehidupan yang aktual atau potensial. Diagnosa keperawatan memberikan dasar untuk pemilihan inter vensi keperawatan untuk mencapai hasil yang merupakan tanggung jawab perawat (Disetujui oleh anggota North Nursing Association (NANDA), Konferensi IX, Maret 1990), Perumusan diagnosa keperawatan meliputi beberapakomponen penting, yaitu: Problem (P), Etiologi (E), Sign dan symptom (5). Seorang perawat pada saat merumuskan diagnosa keperawatan didasarkan pada masalah yang dialami klien. Problem atau masalah merupakan gambaran dari keadaan klien agar perawat secara tepat dapat memberikan tindakan keperawatan.
Competence of future teachers in the digital security area
Authors: Gallego-Arrufat Maria Jesus , Torres-Hernández Norma , Pessoa Teresa
Published: January 2021

Technology and Internet use poses digital security problems and risks. This article presents the results of a study evaluating the digital competence of preservice teachers within the DigCompEdu European framework. A group of 317 undergraduates from Spain and Portugal completed a 59-item questionnaire validated by experts to assess the level and predominant competence profile in initial training (including knowledge, uses and interactions, and attitudinal patterns). The results show that 47% of the participants fit the profile of teachers at medium-level digital risk; that is, they engage in habitual practices that involve risks such as sharing information and digital content inappropriately, not using strong passwords, and ignoring concepts such as digital identity, digital “footprint,” and digital reputation. The average values obtained for each item in the seven categories show that preservice teachers have medium-level competence in digital security. These individuals have good attitudes toward security but less knowledge and fewer skills and practices for safe, responsible Internet use. The study proposes future lines of research to respond to the demand for a better-prepared, more digitally competent citizenry. The demand for education in security, privacy, and digital identity is becoming increasingly important, and these elements form an essential part of initial training.
TMEM134 is a differentially expressed gene in human metastatic breast cancer, in the brain and in the lymph nodes.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the transmembrane protein 134, encoded by TMEM134, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. TMEM134 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of TMEM134 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of TMEM134 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain while evading immune clearance in the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. These data are one piece of evidence suggesting a common ancestor or tumor clone for brain and lymph node metastases that originate from the primary tumor, alluding to patterns in developmental origin and migratory pathways through the lymph node in human brain metastatic breast cancer.
TAHAPAN PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN DALAM KEPERAWATAN DENGAN KONSEP BERFIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Sitepu Prima
Published: January 2021

Pengambilan keputusan dapat dianggap sebagai suatu hasil atau keluaran dari proses mental atau kognitif yang membawa pada pemilihan suatu jalur tindakan di antara beberapa alternatif yang tersedia.Setiap proses pengambilan keputusan selalu menghasilkan satu pilihan final. Keputusan dibuat untuk mencapai tujuan melalui pelaksanaan atau tindakan.Pembuatan keputusan diperlukan pada semua tahap kegiatan organisasi dan manajemen. Misalnya, dalam tahap perencanaan diperlukan banyak kegiatan pembuatan keputusan sepanjang proses perencanaan tersebut.
Mental Health During COVID-19: Tam Giao and Vietnam's Response
Authors: AISDL
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease and global health crisis with major psychological implications. Of particular focus are the effects it will have on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as being under-resourced poses many challenges. Vietnam, a country with an estimated population of 97.33 million people, which until 30 July, 2020, had 459 confirmed COVID-19 cases with no fatalities but as of November 4th had 35 deaths, can be viewed as a model LMIC for other countries struggling with COVID-19.
Health Effects of Psychological Interventions for Worry and Rumination: A Meta-analysis.
Authors: McCarrick Dane Jamie , Prestwich Andrew , Prudenzi Arianna , O'Connor Daryl Brian
Published: January 2021

Evidence suggests that perseverative cognition (PC), the cognitive representation of past stressful events (rumination) or feared future events (worry), mediates the relationship between stress and physical disease. However, the experimental evidence testing methods to influence PC and the subsequent relationship with health outcomes has not been synthesised. Therefore, the current review addressed these gaps. Studies randomly assigning participants to treatment and control groups, measuring PC and a physical and/or behavioural health outcome after exposure to a non-pharmacological intervention, were included in a systematic review. Key terms were searched in Medline, PsycInfo and CINAHL databases. Of the screened studies (k = 10,703), 36 met the eligibility criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses revealed the interventions, relative to comparison groups, on average produced medium-sized effects on rumination (g = -.58), small-to-medium sized effects on worry (g = -.41) and health behaviours (g = .31), and small-sized effects on physical health outcomes (g = .23). Effect sizes for PC were positively associated with effect sizes for health behaviours (following outlier removal). Effect sizes for PC were significantly larger when interventions were delivered by healthcare professionals than when delivered via all other methods. No specific intervention type (when directly compared against other types) was associated with larger effect sizes for PC. Psychological interventions can influence PC. Medium-sized effect sizes for PC correspond with small, but positive, associations with health behaviours.
"Help! I Need Somebody": Music as a Global Resource for Obtaining Wellbeing Goals in Times of Crisis
Authors: Granot Roni , Spitz Daniel , Cherki Boaz , Loui Psyche , Timmers Renee , Schaefer Rebecca , Vuoskoski Jonna Katariina , Soares-Quadros Joao , Cardenas-Soler Ruth , Li Shen , Lega Carlotta , La Rocca Stefania , Cecilia-Martinez Isabel , Tanco Matias , Marchiano Maria , Martinez-Castilla Pastora , Perez-Acosta Gabriela , Martínez-Ezquerro José Darío , Gutierrez-Blasco Isabel , Jimenez-Dabdoub Lily , Coers Marijn , M.Treider John , Israel Salomon , Greenberg David
Published: January 2021

Music can reduce stress and anxiety, enhance positive mood, and facilitate social bonding. However, little is known about the role of music and related personal or cultural (individualistic versus collectivistic) variables in maintaining wellbeing during times of stress and social isolation as imposed by the COVID-19 crisis. In an online questionnaire, administered in 11 countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, the UK and USA, N = 5619), participants rated the relevance of wellbeing goals during the pandemic, and the effectiveness of different activities in obtaining these goals. Music was found to be the most effective activity for three out of five wellbeing goals: enjoyment, venting negative emotions, and self-connection. For diversion, music was equally good as entertainment, while it was second best to create a sense of togetherness, after socialization. This result was evident across different countries and gender, with minor effects of age on specific goals, and a clear effect of the importance of music in people’s lives. Cultural effects were generally small and surfaced mainly in the use of music to obtain a sense of togetherness. Interestingly, culture moderated the use of negatively valenced and nostalgic music for those higher in distress.
Expression Unleashed: The evolutionary & cognitive foundations of human communication
Authors: Heintz Christophe , Scott-Phillips Thom
Published: January 2021

Human expression is open-ended, versatile and diverse, ranging from ordinary language use to painting, from exaggerated displays of affection to micro-movements that aid coordination. Here we present and defend the claim that this expressive diversity is united by an interrelated suite of cognitive capacities, the evolved functions of which are the expression and recognition of informative intentions. We describe how evolutionary dynamics normally leash communication to narrow domains of statistical mutual benefit, and how they are unleashed in humans. The relevant cognitive capacities are cognitive adaptations to living in a partner choice social ecology; and they are, correspondingly, part of the ordinarily developing human cognitive phenotype, emerging early and reliably in ontogeny. In other words, we identify distinctive features of our species‘ social ecology to explain how and why humans, and only humans, evolved the cognitive capacities that, in turn, lead to massive diversity and open-endedness in means and modes of expression. Language use is but one of these modes of expression, albeit one of manifestly high importance. We make cross-species comparisons, describe how the relevant cognitive capacities can evolve in a gradual manner, and survey how unleashed expression facilitates not only language use but novel behaviour in many other domains too, focusing on the examples of joint action, teaching, punishment and art, all of which are ubiquitous in human societies but relatively rare in other species. Much of this diversity derives from graded aspects of human expression, which can be used to satisfy informative intentions in creative and new ways. We aim to help reorient cognitive pragmatics, as a phenomenon that is not a supplement to linguistic communication and on the periphery of language science, but rather the foundation of the many of the most distinctive features of human behaviour, society and culture.
One-year Follow-up Data on the Face-to-face Autonomy-Supportive Intervention Program for Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Tilga Henri , Kalajas-Tilga Hanna , Hein Vello , Raudsepp Lennart , Koka Andre
Published: January 2021

In a recent manuscript published in International Journal of Sport Psychology, entitled “Effects of a brief one-day autonomy-supportive intervention on improving basic psychological needs, motivation, and behaviours of physical activity among middle-school students: A multidimensional approach”, we reported that a one-day eight-hour Autonomy-Supportive Intervention Program for Physical Education (ASIP-PE) was effective (Tilga et al., in press) in changing students’ perceptions of their physical education (PE) teachers’ cognitive and procedural autonomy support at a one-month follow-up, compared to control group students. After the intervention, a significant increase was also found in the experimental group students’ need satisfaction for autonomy and competence. Also, a significant decrease was found in experimental group students’ perceptions of their PE teachers’ intimidation and negative conditional regard, and in students’ need frustration for autonomy. This letter is to briefly convey additional data regarding the long-term benefits of ASIP-PE now that we have been able to conduct one-year follow-up analyses.
The stock market as a casino: Associations between stock market trading frequency and problem gambling
Authors: Mosenhauer Moritz , Newall Philip Warren Stirling , Walasek Lukasz
Published: January 2021

Background and aims: Personal investors decrease their stock market investment returns by trading frequently, which the behavioral finance literature has primarily explained via investors’ overconfidence and low levels of financial literacy. This study investigates whether problem gambling can help account for frequent trading in a sample of active gambler/investors, as suggestive of frequent trading being in part driven by a behavioral addiction to gambling-like activities.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 795 US-based participants, who reported both being active gamblers and holding stock market investments. Recollected stock trading activity (typical portfolio size, purchases and sales of stocks) was compared with scores on the Problem Gambling Severity Index, a financial literacy scale, and a measure of overconfidence.Results: Self-reported relative stock portfolio turnover was positively associated with problem gambling scores. This association was robust to controls for financial literacy, overconfidence, and demographics, and occurred equally among investors of all self-reported portfolio sizes.Discussion and conclusions: This study provides support for the hypothesis that behavioral addiction to gambling-like activities is associated with frequent stock market trading. New investment products that increase the ease of trading may therefore be detrimental to some investors
Exploring the ecological outcomes of mandatory Biodiversity Net Gain using evidence from early-adopter jurisdictions in England
Authors: zu Ermgassen Sophus Olav Sven Emil , Marsh Sally , Ryland Kate , Church Edward , Marsh Richard , Bull Joseph
Published: January 2021

Net outcome-type biodiversity policies are proliferating globally as perceived mechanisms to reconcile economic development and conservation objectives. The UK government’s Environment Bill will mandate that most new developments in England demonstrate they deliver a biodiversity net gain (BNG) to receive planning permission, representing the most wide-ranging net outcome-type policy globally. However, as with many nascent net-outcome policies, the likely outcomes of mandatory BNG have not been explored empirically. We assemble all BNG assessments (accounting for ~1% of England’s annual housebuilding and other infrastructure) submitted from January-November 2020 in four early-adopter councils who are implementing mandatory No Net Loss or BNG requirements in advance of the national adoption of mandatory BNG, and analyse the aggregate habitat changes proposed. Our sample is associated with a 21% reduction in the area of non-urban habitats, compensated by commitments to deliver smaller areas of higher-quality habitats years later in the development project cycle. Eighty-seven percent of biodiversity units delivered in our sample come from habitats within or adjacent to the development footprint managed by the developers. However, we find that these gains fall within a governance gap whereby they risk being unenforceable; a challenge which is shared with other net outcome-type policies implemented internationally.
Limpeza mecânica em metais arqueológicos do Museu de Porto Alegre
Authors: Pacheco Dias Marjori , Carvalheiro Porto Vagner
Published: January 2021

Desde a publicação da Portaria IPHAN Nº 196, de 18 de maio de 2016, a já conhecida conservação de materiais arqueológicos tornou-se uma constante entre os profissionais e pesquisadores que discutem o tema da Gestão de Acervos no Brasil. Dentre todas as tipologias de material, a que concerne alvo de maior preocupação entre os gestores das Instituições de Guarda e Pesquisa são os metais, devido sua alta suscetibilidade às condições de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, além da própria manufatura, que combina diferentes tipos de metais em sua liga, provocando entre si uma interação química que contribui para a aceleração do processo de degradação. No entanto, grande parte dessas instituições não dispõe de recursos para executar a conservação curativa dessas peças. E é neste sentido que o presente trabalho se desenvolve: objetivando apresentar o passo a passo de um tratamento que foi realizado no Museu de Porto Alegre Joaquim Felizardo, denominado Limpeza Mecânica, que retira as concreções através do uso de uma microrretífica, eliminando os focos de corrosão ativa, e termina com a impermeabilização da peça e a elaboração de uma ficha de conservação para metais, destinada ao controle e documentação das atividades, facilitando o posterior monitoramento das peças.