bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización genética y fenotípica de una población de cerdo pelón mexicano
Authors: Ramírez-Reyes J.M. , García-Robles E. , Medellín-Cazares A. , Osorto-Hernández W. , Domínguez-Viveros J.
Published: February 2021

En cerdo pelón mexicano se analizó el pedigrí (n = 305), 16 variables morfológicas (VARMOR; n = 201) y 74 marcadores genéticos (SNP; n = 107) de uso en pruebas de paternidad. Se calculó: ancestros fundadores; tamaño efectivo (Ne); consanguinidad; intervalo generacional (IG); estadísticos F de Wright (FST, FIS y FIT). Las VARMOR fueron: longitud de cabeza, ancho de cabeza, longitud de hocico, ancho de hocico, longitud de oreja, ancho de orejas, distancia entre orbitales, altura a la cruz, ancho de pecho, circunferencia de pecho, longitud de cuello, ancho de cuello, perímetro de caña, longitud de cuerpo, ancho de pelvis, perímetro abdominal; se analizaron con el modelo mixto: y = μ + si + gj + β1 + β2 + mad + ε, donde: y, variable respuesta; μ, media; si, sexo; gj, granja; β1 y β2, lineal y cuadrático de la covariable edad del individuo; mad, efecto aleatorio de la madre; ε, residuales. Con la matriz de correlaciones se realizó un análisis de componentes principales. En los SNP se estimó el contenido de información polimórfica (PIC) y sus componentes, así como las probabilidades de no exclusión combinada (PNE). Ne = 92.10; ancestros que explican el 50% del pedigrí = 7; porcentaje de animales consanguíneos = 2.3%; consanguinidad promedio = 0.11%; IG promedio = 1.69 años. FST = 7%; FIS y FIT de -0.083 y -0.006, respectivamente. El mad explicó, en promedio, el 54.3% de la variabilidad. Para PIC, el promedio fue de 0.266 con valores en el intervalo de 0.018 a 0.375; las PNE fueron en el intervalo de 0.007 a 3.1E-22.
Medidas morfométricas associadas à predição matemática do peso corporal como ferramenta de manejo em rebanhos de caprinos
Authors: De Oliveira Costa E. , Dos Santos S.A. , Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigo T.C. , Da Costa Pinto Filho R. , Libânio Tosto M.S. , Pinto de Carvalho G.G. , Silva Mariz L.D. , De Jesus Pereira T.C.
Published: February 2021

O controle de dados é fundamental para o sucesso dos sistemas de produção. No entanto, a criação de cabras nas regiões semiárida e tropical produz principalmente derivados artesanais, lácteos ou produtos de carne como embutidos e salame. Apesar da importância, o peso corporal (PC) geralmente não é medido por pequenos e médios produtores devido à falta de balanças, estruturas de baias e instalações rurais inadequadas. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi de estabelecer equações para estimar o PC de caprinos Saanen e Anglo Nubian. Foram coletados 125 dados de animais constituídos por 65 cabras Saanen e 60 cabras anglo-nubianas de diferentes faixas etárias. As medidas foram feitas para a altura da cernelha, altura da garupa; comprimento corporal, profundidade do peito, perímetro torácico (PT), comprimento da garupa, largura da garupa (LG), circunferência abdominal e PC. Para todas as relações avaliadas entre PC (kg) e medidas morfométricas (cm), o efeito do sexo foi significativo (P 0,01). A LG apresentou as maiores correlações (R2 = 0,92) com o PC para as fêmeas, enquanto as medidas do PT apresentaram as maiores correlações (R2 = 0,92) com o PC dos machos. As seguintes equações foram ajustadas: PC fêmeas = 0,1188 × LG2 + 0,5732 × LG - 5,5888; e PC machos = 0,0127 × PT2 - 0,6611 × PT + 11,261. Além disso, para estimar o PC considerando a idade em dias (t): PC = 36.5674 × exp (-2.2404 exp (-0.0046t)) para machos e PC = 27.2616 × exp (-2.4151 exp (-0.00775t)) para as fêmeas.
Efecto de dos sistemas de alojamiento y del sexo sobre el comportamiento productivo de corderos durante el engorde
Authors: Muñoz-Osorio G.A. , Aguilar-Caballero A.J. , Sarmiento-Franco L.A. , Wurzinger M. , Sandoval-Castro C.A.
Published: February 2021

Los corrales elevados (RP) han sido promovidos en las regiones tropicales de México como un sistema de alojamiento que mejora el comportamiento productivo de los corderos en crecimiento y han mostrado una gran aceptación entre los productores, tanto para corderos machos como en hembras; sin embargo, han sido poco estudiados y se han usado sin enriquecimiento ambiental en los sistemas intensivos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el comportamiento productivo de corderos en crecimiento tanto machos como hembras alojados en RP y a nivel del suelo (GL) usando viruta como material de cama. Se usaron 32 corderos, 15 machos y 17 hembras, con un promedio de peso vivo y edad inicial de 10,54 ± 1,89 kg y 66,54 ± 22,43 días, respectivamente. Los datos fueron analizados empleando análisis de varianza, incluyendo como efectos fijos el tipo de alojamiento (RP y GL) y el sexo (machos y hembras) y las variables dependiente ganancia diaria de peso (DWG), el consumo de alimento (DMI), la conversión alimenticia (FC) y el peso vivo final (FBW). El tipo de alojamiento no tuvo efecto sobre DWG, DMI, FC y FBW (P > 0,05). Los machos presentaron mejores valores en todos los indicadores productivos que las hembras (excepto en FC). Bajo las condiciones de este estudio, el comportamiento productivo de corderos en crecimiento alojados ya sea en RP o en GL fue similar.
Energy Supply Security Index: An Analysis for Turkish Economy
Authors: YILMAZ Alper
Published: February 2021

Energy consumption in Turkish economy has been rising continuously and composition of energy mix will be substantially changed in forthcoming periods due to environmental concerns and economic sustainability. On the other hand, energy shortage expected to increase because of accelerating economic activities and increase in population. In addition, structure of energy markets and demand/supply balance in Turkey are closely related with financial stability (current account deficit). Therefore, there is need to balance between energy consumption-economic growth and environment duality in energy policy. Conversely, any disruptions in energy supply will lead to destabilize economy, interruption in output and suspend social life in the long term. Accordingly, rising and ennsuring energy security would be helpful for Turkish economy. In this frame we assesed energy security in line with Cabalu (2010) on the basis of energy intensity, import dependency, domestic production and geopolitical risk indicators. Lastly, we derived a composite security index from them. Results showed that Turkey is vulnerable in terms of fossil fuels due to insufficient domestic production and huge share in the national energy mix. On that note, policy makers can target possible sources of supply disruptions and mitigate their effects by taking measures against risks in energy security.
Destrucción de la función social del signo: Análisis textual de la psicosis en Funny Games (Haneke, 1997)
Authors:   ESIC Business & Marketing School, López-Agulló Pérez-Caballero Jose Manuel
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo tomaremos como objeto de análisis la película Funny Games (Michael Haneke, 1997). Más concretamente, la escena en que los protagonistas Peter y Paul explican frívolamente a la familia víctima las posibles razones por las que se dedican a cometer actos criminales. En este sentido, nos interesa particularmente la relación que los psicópatas mantienen con el lenguaje. ¿Son capaces de dar una respuesta satisfactoria a la familia asaltada interesada en descubrir por qué se dedican a cometer tales fechorías? A fin de abordar esta misteriosa cuestión haremos uso de una metodología cualitativa basada en el estudio de caso de la escena y tomaremos como marco teórico la semiótica y el psicoanálisis. La hipótesis que manejamos es que existe una forma de violencia que desafía las leyes de la razón por la falta de soporte lingüístico capaz de obturarla. Que el filme no sea capaz de sostenerse ni discursiva, ni lógicamente no hace más que acentuar el carácter insoportable de esta temida ficción. Además, veremos qué tipo de relación existe entre la formulación semiótica del sujeto elaborada por Umberto Eco y la aproximación psicoanalítica del sujeto en el caso de Slavoj Žižek
Prólogo Monográfico Lo siniestro en el texto audiovisual
Authors:   ESIC Business & Marketing School, López-Agulló Pérez-Caballero Jose Manuel
Published: February 2021

El presente monográfico encuentra su origen en la asignatura impartida por Jesús González Requena “Conceptualización psicoanalítica” que, debido a la excepcional coyuntura sanitaria, fue impartida online el pasado 2020; razón por la cual, pude disfrutar y participar de ella. El tema de referencia del curso fue “Lo siniestro” y de él, la temática del presente monográfico, “Lo siniestro en el texto audiovisual”. A comienzos del siglo XIX, E.T.A. Hoffmann escribe el que será su relato más célebre, El hombre de la arena , recogido en sus Cuentos nocturnos (1817). Un siglo más tarde, Freud tomará este cuento de Hoffmann como caso de estudio para su elaboración teórica de lo siniestro, que quedará definido como un sentimiento “terrorífico que se remonta a lo familiar desde hace largo tiempo” (1992: 220). Su recién nacida teoría de la neurosis jugará aquí un papel fundamental al hacer de lo siniestro un sentir aterrador producido por el retorno de lo reprimido; sin embargo, Freud deja la puerta abierta en su análisis a la posibilidad de que lo siniestro comparezca más allá de la neurosis.
Polimedios y grupos públicos: un estudio comparado sobre los procesos de selección de plataformas digitales
Authors:   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Durá Lizán Mercedes , Travé Molero Raúl , Nogués-Pedregal Antonio Miguel ,   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
Published: February 2021

En nuestros contextos de investigación los grupos públicos digitales han adquirido un lugar predominante en la comunicación pública local. Sin embargo, para este fin sus habitantes han optado por diferentes entornos: Facebook en Santa Pola (España) y WhatsApp en Itacaré (Brasil). En este artículo exponemos los factores económicos y socioculturales asociados a dicha elección, siguiendo los planteamientos de la Teoría Polimedios (Madianou & Miller, 2013). Nuestros resultados han sido extraídos a partir de una etnografía comparada de corte cualitativo sobre comunicación pública y herramientas digitales. Concluimos que a priori el motivo de estas preferencias está relacionado con el acceso, la asequibilidad y la alfabetización, pero además interfieren otros elementos como los mecanismos de filtrado o la intimidad, privacidad y el sentido de compromiso asociado a las plataformas. Se trata de una aproximación novedosa en la literatura científica en español a las prácticas de selección entre plataformas que puede servir como punto de partida para futuras investigaciones centradas en las prácticas de los actores. Polimedios y grupos públicos: un estudio comparado sobre los procesos de selección de plataformas digitales
Funciones y características del condicionamiento extrafílmico del espectador en el cine de terror
Authors:   Universidad de Barcelona, Sanz Aznar Javier , Caballero-Molina Juan José ,   Universidad de Barcelona
Published: February 2021

La experiencia cinematográfica se desarrolla siempre bajo un estado de ánimo o un conjunto de circunstancias que delimitan y determinan la recepción de la obra, así como la naturaleza de los procesos cognitivos desencadenados por la misma, o el propio valor comunicativo que puede llegar a ser extraído por parte del público. En definitiva, esta experiencia se formula o construye sobre un determinado pacto de consumo, sobre el que inciden acciones o estrategias planificadas con el objeto de condicionar de la manera más eficaz posible el impacto emocional y comercial de la obra. El cine de terror nos brinda un escenario privilegiado para la evaluación y el análisis de algunas de estas medidas que han acreditado su efectividad en el curso de los años, a la luz de las valiosas aportaciones realizadas en el ámbito de la psicología experimental. En el presente artículo analizamos diferentes estrategias aplicadas sobre el espectador antes de que acceda a la propia sala de proyección y lo condicionan en su experiencia cinematográfica. A través de estas estrategias se logra sensibilizar al espectado y hacerlo más vulnerable ante el film de terror que va a experimentar.
Use of Inline Spinner for Determination of Zonal Flow Rates in Vertical and Moderately Deviated Wells
Authors: El-Sheikh Mahmoud I. , El-Banbi Ahmed H.
Published: February 2021

Accurate zonal flow rate determination is necessary for better reservoir behavior understanding and for making important decisions that can improve well productivity. Knowledge of the capabilities of different reservoir zones in the same well also has significant importance in reservoir performance monitoring and selection of perforation intervals in development wells.

Conventional production log analysis techniques can usually yield good results only if the fullbore spinner readings are reliable. However, the fullbore spinner measurement may not be available in some wells. Examples include cases in which the fullbore spinner cannot access the well due to mechanical obstruction, or when the casing is not clean enough, causing potential plugging of fullbore spinner blades. In these situations, the fullbore flow-rate readings may not be available or at least unclear or confusing, which may lead to incorrect decisions. In many of these situations, inline spinner (ILS) data may be readily available.

The ILS is often used for qualitative interpretation (i.e., determining which zones are producing), but there is not a specific method to use the ILS for a quantitative solution in the absence of surface measurements of rates. In this paper, we introduce a new method to calculate the volumetric zonal flow rate using ILS data with high accuracy. Approximately 40 oil wells are used to develop an empirical correlation to compute zonal flow rates from ILS data in casing strings. The new method was used to quantitatively interpret eight oil wells for validation. In these wells, fullbore and ILS data were significantly different. The new method for interpretation of ILS data provided results consistent with surface production tests and led to decisions that contributed to increasing production rates.
Adrenal Myelolipoma: 372 Cases from A High-volume Center
Authors: Lin Lede , Gong Lina , Zhou Liang , Cheng Liang , Liu Zhihong , Shen Sikui , Zhu Yuchun
Published: February 2021

Background. Adrenal myelolipoma (AML) is a non-functional benign neoplasm from adrenal cortex, composed of mature fat and hematopoietic tissue. Usually, patients have no symptoms. However, some present with hypertension and blood pressure normalizes after surgery, indicating some connections between AML and hypertension.Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study of 372 patients diagnosed with AML from September 2008 to December 2018 collected in Urology Department of West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. We collected clinical records of patients before surgery. Postoperative follow-up was also done for those with hypertension and whether patients needed to take antihypertensive drugs and postoperative blood pressure were recorded. We aim to explore the characteristics of both AML patients with hypertension and remission of hypertension in 1 year after surgery.Results. There were 372 AML patients included in the study, 159 males and 213 females, aged 49.77±11.64 years old. Among them, 118 patients presented with hypertension. The percentage of hypertension in each subgroup increased with age. Sixty patients were followed up for 1 to 9 years, with a median follow-up of 52 months. The course of hypertension in the remission group was shorter than that in the non-remission group (P=0.020), and tumor lateralization was significantly different between two groups (P=0.005).Conclusion. Nearly one third of AML patients suffered from hypertension in our study and there do exist some potential links between AML and hypertension.
Universal Light-Driven Micro/Nanoscale Rotors
Authors: Ding Hongru , Kollipara Pavana , Kotnala Abhay , Chen Zhihan , Zheng Yuebing
Published: February 2021

The capability of rotating micro/nanoscale particles and structures is important for micro/nanorobotics, three-dimensional particle imaging, and lab-on-a-chip systems. Light-driven rotors are especially attractive due to the fuel-free and remote operation. However, relying on a torque that arises from the momentum exchange with photons, current light-driven rotors require laser beams with designed intensity profile and polarization, or rotors with sophisticated shapes or material birefringence These requirements hinder the light-driven rotation of many highly symmetric or isotropic particles, including biological cells, with simple optics. Herein, we report a universal approach to the out-of-plane rotation of various objects, including spherically symmetric and isotropic particles, using single arbitrary low-power laser beams. Moreover, the driving laser beam is positioned away from the rotors to reduce optical damage from the direct light illumination. The working mechanism of the rotors based on opto-thermo-electrical coupling is elucidated by systematic experiments combined with multiscale simulations. With its general applicability and simple optics, our universal light-driven rotation platform will become an essential component in various scientific research and engineering applications.
Epithelial paraphagy is a luminal lipophilic signal sensor and promotes transepithelial cholesterol clearance
Authors: (Co-first) Bao Li Zhang , (Co-First) Bao Ying Liu , (Co-First) Da Yuan Gao , Zhou Xin , Xu Xin Yu , Zhang Ze Peng , Wu Xiao Kang , Shi Su Meng , Zhang Stacey Cheng , Zhou Yuchuan , Jiang Jing , Shi Hui-juan , Shi Shuo , antos christopher , Horng Tiffany , Li Jinsong , Zhang Yonglian , Shum Winnie
Published: February 2021

Epithelial endocytosis is essential for physiological homeostasis. The current dogma is that all endocytotic mechanisms involve only single-membrane vesicles at the plasma membrane. Here, we report a previously undescribed LC3-associated phagocytosis mechanism which forms double-membrane phagosomes from the epithelial tight-junction paracellular membranes, which we term “paraphagy”. We observed that paraphagy is present in epithelia of the renal, respiratory, circulatory, and male reproductive systems. In the epididymis, paraphagy takes up lipophilic cargo, including apolipoproteins, by involving the surface low-affinity IgG-receptor Fcgr2b and occludin-bound intracellular HDL-receptor ATP5b. In this way, extracellular lipophilic signals are sensed and intracellular phagolysosomes are maintained. Occludin-null male mice show arrested paraphagy and impaired phagolysosome in proximal epididymal compartments, accompanying cholesterol accumulation, ApoJ deposition and dysregulated metabolic-dependent processes in distal compartments, including redox-promoted VK-dependent MGP-carboxylation. We propose that paraphagy senses and distinguishes the luminal lipophilic signals in epithelia and modulates their function via crosstalk across physiological compartments.
Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs)-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains in Captive Giant Pandas
Authors: Su Xiaoyan , Yan Xia , Li Yunli , Zhang Dongsheng , Li Lin , Geng Yi , Su Fei , Yue Chanjuan , Hou Rong , Liu Songrui
Published: February 2021

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae remain a critical clinical concern in the world. However, limited information is available concerning ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae in giant pandas. The objective of this study was to characterize ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from the giant panda. A total of 211 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from 108 giant pandas housed at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, China. Samples were screened for the ESBLs-producing phenotype via the double-disk synergy test method. Result: A total of three (1.42%, n = 211) ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae strains were identified and subjected to MLST (Multi-locus Sequence Typing) analysis for the characterization of ESBLs-encoding genes, transposons, antimicrobial resistance genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Among the three ESBLs-producing isolates, different ESBLs-encoding genes, including blaCTX-M-1, blaSHV, and blaTEM were detected. Three isolates were found to carry transposons (i.e., aac6-ib and tnpU) and antimicrobial resistance genes (i.e., aac6-ib, tnpU, aac6-1, qnrA, and qnrB). Furthermore, these three isolates were resistant to at least 15 antibiotics and had different ST isotypes (ST37, ST290, and ST2640). Conclusion: Effective surveillance and strict infection control strategies should be implemented to prevent outbreaks of ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae in giant panda.
Comparison of Face-To-Face and Telephone Interviews in the Dietary Intake Assessment by The 24-Hour Recall in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Authors: Mahmoodi Mohammad Reza , Kazemian Behnaz , Asaadi Shila
Published: February 2021

Background

We sought to compare the means energy, energy contribution from macronutrients, and selected nutrients intakes of patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) between telephone interviews and a face-to-face interview in the dietary intake assessment by the 24-hour recall.
Methods

Sixty-eight females with T2DM aged 50–55 years enrolled randomly in a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study from the diabetic clinic of Shahid Bahonar. The patients completed three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. The first interview was face-to-face, and the subsequent 2 recalls were conducted by telephone.
Results

There were significant differences between the mean intakes energy and 18 selected nutrients calculated using two telephone interviews together versus all three interviews (P. values from 0.027 until < 0.001). There were significant differences between the mean intakes energy and 18 selected nutrients calculated using a face-to-face interview versus all three interviews (P. values from 0.027 until < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the mean intakes energy and 18 selected nutrients calculated using two telephone interviews. However, there were significant differences between the mean intakes energy and 18 selected nutrients calculated using face-to-face interview versus two telephone interviews together (P. values from 0.031 until < 0.001).
Conclusions

We concluded that the telephone approach could not be considered as an alternative to the face-to-face approach for collecting dietary data by the 24-hour dietary recall method as an open-ended assessment. Each of the telephone interviews versus face-to-face interview underreporting and underestimate the total energy and nutrients intakes in the 24-hour dietary recall.
Dietary Intake and Food Behaviours of Senegalese Adolescent Girls
Authors: Johnson Madélie Giguère , Blaney Sonia , Ward Stephanie , Galibois Isabelle , Ndiaye Aminata Ndéné
Published: February 2021

Background: Malnutrition is a public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. In Senegal, 35% of adolescent girls are undernourished and 56% are anemic. Methods: This study assessed dietary intake of adolescent girls aged 14-18 years in Dakar, Senegal. Specifically, the study 1) assessed their energy, fibre, macro- and micronutrient intakes, 2) described the types and the quality of the foods they consume, and 3) assessed some of their eating behaviours. Dietary intake was measured using three non-consecutive 24-hour recalls from 136 adolescent girls attending two colleges. Energy and nutrient intakes were assessed and compared to recommendations. Foods were classified by food group and by whether they were healthy or unhealthy. Proportions of girls who ate breakfast as well as their daily intake (g) of fruits and vegetables were calculated. Results: Sodium intake was high while fibre intake was low. On average, 40% of the adolescents’ total energy intake came from fats. Mean intakes of zinc and calcium were higher in the weekend as compared to weekdays while the opposite was observed for sodium. Prevalence of inadequate intakes was above 80% for iron while almost 100% were at risk of calcium deficiency. Approximately 60% of the foods consumed were classified as healthy, however the majority of healthy foods came from grains. Conclusions: Adolescent nutrition deserves attention given the poor quality of their dietary intake which may put them at risk of malnutrition and chronic diseases. These findings may be used to help improve programs targeting Senegalese adolescent girls’ nutrition.
Biological data annotation via a human-augmenting AI-based labeling interface
Authors: Esteva Andre , Wal Douwe van der , Jhun Iny , Laklouk Israa , Nirschl Jeffrey , Richer Lara , Rojansky Rebecca , Theparee Talent , Wheeler Joshua , Sander Jorg , Feng Felix , Mohamad Osama , Socher Richard
Published: February 2021

Biology has become a prime area for the deployment of deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI), enabled largely by the massive datasets that the field can generate. Key to most AI tasks is the availability of a sufficiently large, labeled dataset with which to train AI models. In the context of microscopy, it is easy to generate image datasets containing millions of cells and structures. However, it is challenging to obtain large-scale high-quality annotations for AI models. Here we present HALI (Human-Augmenting Labeling Interface), a human-in-the-loop AI-based data labeling tool which begins un-initialized and learns annotations from a human, in real-time. Using a multi-part AI composed of three deep learning models, HALI learns from just a few examples and immediately increases both the efficiency of the annotator, and the quality of the annotations. Using a highly repetitive use-case --- annotating cell types --- and running experiments with seven pathologists --- experts at microscopic analysis of biological specimens --- we demonstrate an average human-efficiency improvement of 5.15x and an average data-quality boost of 4.34%, measured across four use-cases and two tissue stain types.
Does Restraint Use Depend on the Hospital? A Multilevel Analysis of Multicentre Prevalence Measurements
Authors: Thomann Silvia , Hahn Sabine , Bauer Silvia , Richter Dirk , Zwakhalen Sandra
Published: February 2021

Background
In restraint use in the somatic acute-care hospital setting, routine and institutional culture seem to play an important role. This implies that similar patient situations would be managed with restraints in one hospital, while in another hospital the situation would be managed without restraints. This practice variation appears to be ethically and legally questionable. The influence of organisation-specific factors such as the availability of guidelines is discussed. However, the relevance of such factors at the hospital level has been rarely investigated to date. Therefore, the aims of this study were a) to determine how much variance in restraint use can be explained on the hospital level and b) to examine the impact of organisational factors on restraint use.
Methods
A secondary data analysis of cross-sectional multicentre data was performed. Data were collected during three quality measurements (2016–2018) in acute-care hospitals in Switzerland and Austria. Hospitalised patients from different medical specialties aged 18 + with informed consent were included. Descriptive analysis and multilevel logistic regression analysis were performed.
Results
The study included 29,477 patients from a total of 140 hospitals. The 30-day prevalence rate of patients with at least one restraint was 8.7% (n = 2,577). The availability of guidelines regarding restraint use and refresher courses for nursing staff were associated with less restraint use (odds ratios = 0.60 and 0.76). By adding the hospital as a random effect, the explained variance of the model increased from 24–55%.
Conclusions
The use of restraints varies widely between hospitals, even considering patient characteristics. The identification of situations in which restraints were used out of routine or institutional culture appears to be an important approach in restraint reduction. Investments in appropriate structures and employee knowledge can facilitate providing restraint-free care as much as possible.
Kinetics and correlates of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Klein Florian , Vanshylla Kanika , Cristanziano Veronica , Kleipass Franziska , Dewald Felix , Schommers Philipp , Gieselmann Lutz , Gruell Henning , Schlotz Maike , Ercanoglu Meryem , Stumpf Ricarda , Mayer Petra , Heger Eva , Johannis Wibke , Horn Carola , Suárez Isabelle , Jung Norma , Salomon Susanne , Eberhardt Kirsten , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Pfeifer Nico , Eggeling Ralf , Augustin Max , Lehmann Clara
Published: February 2021

A detailed understanding of antibody-based SARS-CoV-2 immunity has critical implications for overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic and for informing on vaccination strategies. In this study, we evaluated the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in a cohort of 963 recovered individuals over a period of 10 months. Investigating a total of 2,146 samples, we detected an initial SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in 94.4% of individuals, with 82% and 79% exhibiting serum and IgG neutralization, respectively. Approximately 3% of recovered patients demonstrated exceptional SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity, defining them as ‘elite neutralizers’. These individuals also possessed effective cross-neutralizing IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-1 without any known prior exposure to this virus. By applying multivariate statistical modeling, we found that sero-reactivity, age, time since disease onset, and fever are key factors predicting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity in mild courses of COVID-19. Investigating longevity of the antibody response, we detected loss of anti-spike reactivity in 13% of individuals 10 months after infection. Moreover, neutralizing activity had an initial half-life of 6.7 weeks in serum versus 30.8 weeks in purified IgG samples indicating the presence of a more stable and long-term memory IgG B cell repertoire in the majority of individuals recovered from COVID-19. Our results demonstrate a broad spectrum of the initial SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody response depending on clinical characteristics, with antibodies being maintained in the majority of individuals for the first 10 months after mild course of COVID-19.
Diagnostic Performance of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Artificial Intelligence Using Deep Learning Analysis of Gallbladder Polypoid Lesions: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Jang Sung Ill , Kim Young Jae , Kim Eui Joo , Kang Huapyong , Shon Seung Jin , Seol Yu Jin , Lee Dong Ki , Kim Kwang Gi , Cho Jae Hee
Published: February 2021

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most accurate diagnostic modality for polypoid lesions of the gallbladder (GB), but is limited by subjective interpretation. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) in differentiating polypoid lesions using EUS images. The diagnostic performance of the EUS-AI system with ResNet50 architecture was evaluated via three processes: training, internal validation, and testing. The diagnostic performance was also verified using an external validation cohort and compared with the performance of EUS endoscopists. In the AI development cohort, the diagnostic performance of EUS-AI including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy. For the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic GB polyps, these values for EUS-AI were 77.8%, 91.6%, 57.9%, 96.5%, and 89.8%, respectively. In the external validation cohort, the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic GB polyps, these values were 60.3%, 77.4%, 36.2%, 90.2%, and 74.4%, respectively, for EUS-AI; they were 74.2%, 44.9%, 75.4%, 46.2%, and 65.3%, respectively, for the endoscopists. The accuracy of the EUS-AI was between the accuracies of mid-level (66.7%) and expert EUS endoscopists (77.5%). This EUS-AI system showed favorable performance for the diagnosis of neoplastic GB polyps, with a performance comparable to that of EUS endoscopists.
Impact of Poor Glycemic Control upon Clinical Outcomes after Radical Prostatectomy in Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lee Hakmin , Byun Seok-Soo , Lee Sang Eun , Hong Sung Kyu
Published: February 2021

To evaluate the clinical impact of preoperative glycemic status upon oncological and functional outcomes after radical prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer, we analyzed the data of 2,664 subjects who underwent radical prostatectomy with preoperative measurement of hemoglobin A1c within six months before surgery. The possible association between high hemoglobin A1c (≥ 6.5 ng/dL) and oncological/functional outcomes was evaluated. Among all subjects, 449 (16.9%) were categorized as the high hemoglobin A1c group and 2,215 (83.1%) as the low hemoglobin A1c group. High hemoglobin A1c was associated with worse pathological outcomes including extra-capsular extension (HR 1.277, 95% CI 1.000–1.630, p = 0.050) and positive surgical margin (HR 1.302, 95% CI 1.012–1.674, p = 0.040) in multi-variate regression tests. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed statistically longer biochemical recurrence-free survival in the low hemoglobin A1c group (p < 0.001), and subsequent multivariate Cox proportional analyses revealed that high hemoglobin A1c is an independent predictor for longer BCR-free survival (HR 1.135, 95% CI 1.016–1.267, p = 0.024). Moreover, the low hemoglobin A1c group showed a significantly shorter urinary continence-free survival than the low hemoglobin A1c group (p = 0.001), and preoperative hemoglobin A1c was also an independent predictor for continence-free survival in multivariate Cox analyses (HR 0.929, 95% CI 0.879–0.981, p = 0.008). The high preoperative hemoglobin A1c level was independently associated with worse oncological outcomes and also with inferior recovery of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy.
Reliability and Validity of Healthy Fitness Measurement Scale Version1.0 (HFMS V1.0) in Chinese Elderly People
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhou Hui , Qiu Heng , Huang Chen , Jiang Lijie , Jiang Guli , Wu Weixuan , Huang Zhuomin , Xu Jun
Published: February 2021

Purpose. We examined the reliability and validity of the Healthy Fitness Measurement Scale Version 1.0 (HFMS V1.0) specifically on elderly people in China.Methods. We carried out a cross-sectional study in December 2020 and enrolled 800 elderly people through stratified sampling technique. The level of healthy fitness was measured using the HFMS V1.0. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant construct validity, exploratory factor and confirmatory factor were calculated for assessing the reliability and validity of HFMS V1.0.Results. The valid samples were comprised of 777 samples (with a mean age of 71.81 ±8.36 years), 382(49.2 %) were women. HFMS V1.0 consists of 8 dimensions and 38 items. The scale had acceptable reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.920, split-half = 0.946, test-retest = 0.878). The correlation of each item, dimension and subscales ranged from 0.528 to 0.888 (p < 0.001). Exploratory factor analysis uncovered 11 factors with the cumulative contribution rate of 68.09% and all factor loads over 0.40. The item distribution was consistent with the initial expectation of the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit: CMIN/DF=2.773, RMSEA=0.048, IFI=0.915, TLI=0.904, CFI=0.915.Conclusion. HFMS V1.0 was shown to have acceptable reliability and validity. Collectively, HFMS V1.0 is reliable and efficient to measure the healthy fitness of elderly people.
Risk and Protective Factors of Depression in the General Population during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Korea
Authors: Kim Sung-Wan , Park In-Hoo , Kim Mina , Park A-La , Jhon Min , Kim Ju-Wan , Kang Hee-Ju , Ryu Seunghyong , Lee Ju-Yeon , Kim Jae-Min
Published: February 2021

Background: The risk of depression has risen in the general population during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study was conducted to explore risk and protective factors associated with depression among the general population uninfected by COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,500 representative South Korean citizens aged 19–65 years through an anonymous online survey. Depression was defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-10 score of 10 or higher. Other questionnaires included one measuring psycho-behavioural and social changes, and stress, due to COVID-19, a six-item version of the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6), and a three-item version of the UCLA loneliness scale. Results: Of the 1492 participants not infected by COVID-19, 312 (20.9%) exhibited depression. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that depression was positively associated with COVID-19-related stress and psycho-behavioural variables such as disturbances in eating and sleeping, younger age, smoking, underlying mental illness, and loneliness scale scores. In contrast, exercise three or more times per week and GQ-6 scale scores were inversely associated with depression. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining daily routines including eating, sleeping, and regular exercise and focusing on gratitude may be important for the prevention of depression. In addition, more attention should be paid to vulnerable populations, including young people, those with mental illnesses, and smokers, who might be more susceptible to depression.
Machine Learning Framework for the Detection of Anomalies in Aqueous Solutions Using Terahertz Waves
Authors: ZAHID ADNAN , Dashtipour Kia ,   Ivonne E. Carranza1, Abbas Hasan , Ren Aifeng , Cumming David R.S. , Grant James P. , Imran Muhammad Ali , Abbasi Qammer Hussain
Published: February 2021

Water is considered to be the most essential and vital resources to sustaining life. Ensuring its delivery to people with no intrusion of harmful impurities, safe, reliable, and in an affordable manner is one of huge challenge amid to the ongoing climate transformations. This demands to introduce a cost effective and notion of real-time monitoring system that can detect the microbiological contaminants in aqueous solutions in timely manner to protect the public and environment health. In this paper, the prospects of integrating non-invasive terahertz (THz) waves with machine learning (ML) enabled technique is studied. The research explores a method of using Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) system to observe the absorption spectra and characteristics of three solvents solution , including salt, sugar and glucose with various quantity in aqueous solutions in the frequency range of 1 THz to 20 THz. In this study, due to the different molecular configuration and vibration modes of substances, distinct absorption spectra peaks were achieved for different concentrations of solvent solutions at certain sensitive THz region. Moreover, using measurements observations data, meaningful features are extracted and incorporated four algorithms such as random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (D-tree) and k-nearest neighbour (KNN). The results demonstrated that RF obtained a higher accuracy of 84.74% in identifying the substance in aqueous solutions. Moreover, it was also found that RF with 97.98%, outperformed other classifiers for estimation of salts concentration added in aqueous solutions. However, for sugar and glucose concentrations, SVM exhibited a higher accuracy of 93.11% and 96.88%, respectively, compared to other classifiers. Thus, proposed technique incorporating ML with THz waves, may be significant in providing an efficient, cost-effective and real-time monitoring for water quality detection system.
The Effect of Sevoflurane Low Flow Anesthesia on Preserving Patient Core Temperature 
Authors: YUKSEK Ahmet , Talih Gamze
Published: February 2021

Background: Low flow anesthesia reduces the fresh gas flow (FGF) entering the anesthesia circuit and saves on the volatile agent used. In this study, the effect of low-flow anesthesia with sevoflurane on core temperature and the incidence of perioperative hypothermia were investigated.Methods: Records of patients who underwent general anesthesia with sevoflurane were analyzed retrospectively. According to the fresh gas flow applied, the patients were divided into three groups: Low flow anesthesia (LFA = 1 l / min), medium flow anesthesia (MFA = 2 l / min), and high flow anesthesia (HFA = 4 l / min). Patients’ demographic data and the initial (T1) and final (T2) temperatures during the operation were compared.Results: A total of 160 patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference in T1 temperature values between the groups. The T2 value of the HFA group was significantly lower than the LFA group (p = 0.028). Different flow values were found to have a significant effect on temperature change (F = 21.630, p <0.001, partial eta squared = 0.216). There was a significant difference between the mean temperatures measured at two different times (F = 301.064, p <0.001, partial eta squared = 0.657). The overall incidence of hypothermia was 32.5%, with 52 patients. Hypothermia (T2<36 degrees) incidences were not different between the LFA group and the MFA and HFA groups (p = 0.682); However, perioperative core temperature loss was significantly lower in the LFA group (p = 0.001).Conclusions: Low flow anesthesia using sevoflurane was not sufficient alone to reduce the incidence of hypothermia. However, the LFA technique preserved the patient’s core temperature better than the MFA and HFA techniques. Therefore, in addition to low-flow anesthesia being a cost-oriented technique, we have demonstrated that it may also have a beneficial effect on reducing perioperative temperature loss.Trial Registration: Researchregistary.com/6840Ethics committee: Yozgat Bozok University 2017-KAEK-25122019.1
The Relationship Between Professional Self-Concept and Work-Related Quality of Life of Nurses Working in the Wards of Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Farhadi Akram , Bagherzadeh Razieh , Moradi Ainaz , Nemati Reza , Sadeghmoghaddam Leila
Published: February 2021

Background

Nurses are at the forefront of providing health care services and their performance is largely determinant of the quality of health care. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between professional self-concept and QWL among nurses from selected hospitals based in the cities of Bushehr and Shiraz (southern Iran), at the time of COVD-19 pandemic.
Method:

This study is designed as a cross-sectional study. A Web-based questionnaire assessing a demographic characteristic, the Work-Related Quality of life (WRQoL), and the Nurse Self-Concept (NSCQ) was distributed to a representative sample (n = 263) of nurses working in hospital wards for patients with COVID-19. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression at the significance level of 0.05.
Results

The mean scores of the NSCQ and the WRQoL Scale in nurses were respectively by 202.32 ± 38.19 and 68.81 ± 19.12. There was also a significantly direct relationship between PSC and QWL. PSC together with work location and working experience could thus explain 34.6% of the variance in QWL, which was 26.5% for PSC.
Conclusion

Considering the confirmation of the predictive role of nurses’ PSC in their QWL in terms of planning and designing interventions to boost their QWL, attention to internal factors such as PSC is of utmost importance.
Holocene Hydroclimate in the Southeastern United States During Abrupt Climate Events: Evidence From New Speleothem Isotopic Records From Alabama
Authors: Medina-Elizalde Martin , Perritano Stefan , DeCesare Matthew , Polanco-Martinez Josué , Serrato-Marks Gabriela , McGee David , Lases-Hernandez Fernanda
Published: February 2021

We present new high-resolution absolute-dated stalagmite δ18O and δ13C records from the southeastern United States (SE US) spanning the last 12 thousand years (ka). A local relationship between annual rainfall amount and its amount-weighed δ18O composition exists on interannual timescales, driven mostly by an amount effect during summer and spring seasons, and by an isotopically depleted composition of fall and winter precipitation. Based on a novel interpretation of modern rainfall isotopic data, stalagmite δ18O variability is interpreted to reflect the relative contribution of summer and spring precipitation combined relative to combined fall and winter precipitation. Precipitation amount in the SE US increases during the Younger Dryas, the 8.2 ka and Little Ice Age abrupt cooling events. High precipitation during these events reflects enhancement of spring and summer precipitation while the contribution of fall and winter rainfall remained unchanged or decreased slightly. Results from this study support model simulation results that suggest increased precipitation in the SE US during Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slowdown/shutdown (LeGrande et al., 2006; Renssen et al., 2002; Vellinga and Wood, 2002). In association with Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude cooling from the Early to mid-Holocene, annual precipitation in the SE US decreases, a pattern distinctive from that observed during abrupt cooling events related to AMOC shifts. Long-term hydroclimate change in the SE US is likely sensitive to summer insolation reduction as inferred for other tropical and subtropical regions. This study has implications for our understanding of the sensitivity of subtropical hydroclimate to factors both internal and external to the climate system in a warmer climate.
Complement C5 is Not Critical for the Formation of Sub-RPE Deposits ­in Efemp1 Mutant Mice
Authors: Garland Donita , Pierce Eric , Fernandez-Godino Rosario
Published: February 2021

The complement system plays a role in the formation of sub-retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) deposits in early stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). But the specific mechanisms that connect complement activation and deposit formation in AMD patients are unknown, which limits the development of efficient therapies to reduce or stop disease progression. We have previously demonstrated that C3 blockage prevents the formation of sub-RPE deposits in a mouse model of EFEMP1-associated macular degeneration. In this study, we have used double mutant Efemp1R345W/R345W:C5-/- mice to investigate the role of C5 in the formation of sub-RPE deposits in vivo and in vitro. The data revealed that the genetic ablation of C5 does not eliminate the formation of sub-RPE deposits. Contrarily, the absence of C5 in RPE cultures promotes complement dysregulation that results in increased activation of C3, which likely contributes to deposit formation even in the absence of EFEMP1-R345W mutant protein. The results also suggest that genetic ablation of C5 alters the extracellular matrix turnover through an effect on matrix metalloproteinases in RPE cell cultures. These results confirm that C3 rather than C5 could be an effective therapeutic target to treat early AMD.
Development Status of Coal Mining in China
Authors: xinjie liu , Lianghui Li , yingming Yang
Published: February 2021

As a controllable active resource in China, coal mining is facing the transition from output to quality. Base d on the total mining production and average capacity, the current situation and level of coal mining at three scales of mine, city and province is analyzed , data support for the layout of sustainable mining development and the optimization of output is provided. The results show that China's coal is mainly mined by underground mining, accounting for 87%, with an average production capacity of 0.93 million tons. Open pit mining accounts for 13%, with an average production capacity of 5.73 million ton s. S o t he average production capacity of open pit and underground workers is 1.045 million tons, with 1,181 coal mines capacity lower than 0.3 million tons, accounting for 35% of the total coal mines, contributing only 4% to their output. They are distributed in about 48 cities in 6 provinces, seriously restricting the green coal mining. The coal industry should speed up the reduction of small coal mines in key provinces and cities, eliminate outdated product ion capacity in the central region, increase the speed and proportion of coal resources moving westward, and promote high quality development of coal mining.