bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scoring the correlation of genes by their shared properties using OScal, an improved overlap quantification model
Authors: Liu Hui , Liu Wei , Lin Ying , Liu Teng , Ma Zhaowu , Li Mo , Zhang Hong-Mei , Kenneth Wang Qing , Guo An-Yuan
Published: May 2015

Scoring the correlation between two genes by their shared properties is a common and basic work in biological study. A prospective way to score this correlation is to quantify the overlap between the two sets of homogeneous properties of the two genes. However the proper model has not been decided, here we focused on studying the quantification of overlap and proposed a more effective model after theoretically compared 7 existing models. We defined three characteristic parameters (d, R, r) of an overlap, which highlight essential differences among the 7 models and grouped them into two classes. Then the pros and cons of the two groups of model were fully examined by their solution space in the (d, R, r) coordinate system. Finally we proposed a new model called OScal (Overlap Score calculator), which was modified on Poisson distribution (one of 7 models) to avoid its disadvantages. Tested in assessing gene relation using different data, OScal performs better than existing models. In addition, OScal is a basic mathematic model, with very low computation cost and few restrictive conditions, so it can be used in a wide-range of research areas to measure the overlap or similarity of two entities.
Comparison between 200 mg QD and 100 mg BID oral celecoxib in the treatment of knee or hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Zeng Chao , Wei Jie , Li Hui , Yang Tuo , Gao Shu-guang , Li Yu-sheng , Xiong Yi-lin , Xiao Wen-feng , Luo Wei , Yang Tu-bao , Lei Guang-hua
Published: May 2015

This network meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of 100 mg BID and 200 mg QD oral celecoxib in the treatment of OA of the knee or hip. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched through from inception to August 2014. Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to combine direct and indirect evidences on treatment effectiveness and safety. A total of 24 RCTs covering 11696 patients were included. For the comparison in between the two dosage regimens, 100 mg BID oral celecoxib exhibited a greater probability to be the preferred one either in terms of pain intensity or function at the last follow-up time point. For total gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects (AEs), both of the two dosage regimens demonstrated a higher incidence compared to the placebo group. Further analyses of GI AEs revealed that only 200 mg QD was associated with a significantly higher risk of abdominal pain when compared with placebo. Furthermore, 100 mg BID showed a significantly lower incidence of skin AEs when compared with 200 mg QD and placebo. Maybe 100 mg BID should be considered as the preferred dosage regimen in the treatment of knee or hip OA.
Cellular microRNA miR-26a suppresses replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by activating innate antiviral immunity
Authors: Jia Xiaojuan , Bi Yuhai , Li Jing , Xie Qing , Yang Hanchun , Liu Wenjun
Published: May 2015

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has caused large economic losses in the swine industry in recent years. Current PRRS vaccines fail to effectively prevent and control this disease. Consequently, there is a need to develop new antiviral strategies. MicroRNAs play critical roles in intricate host-pathogen interaction networks, but the involvement of miRNAs during PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection is not well understood. In this study, pretreatment with miR-26a induced a significant inhibition of PRRSV replication and remission of the cytopathic effect in MARC-145 cells and this antiviral effect was sustained for at least 120 h. Luciferase reporter analysis showed that the PRRSV genome was not the target of miRNA-26a. Instead, RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that miR-26a significantly up-regulated innate anti-viral responses, including activating the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway and promoting the production of IFN-stimulated genes. These findings suggest that delivery of miR-26a may provide a potential strategy for anti-PRRSV therapies.
Chiral glutamic acid functionalized graphene: preparation and application
Authors: Han Qian , Xia Qiao , Guo Dongmei , Li Can , Fu Yingzi
Published: May 2015

l-glutamic acid and d-glutamic acid were covalently grafted onto graphene sheets via the amide formation between amino groups of glutamic acid enantiomers and oxygen-containing groups in graphene oxide. The resultant hybrids have high chiral properties and excellent electrochemical activity towards electroactive 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) enantiomers.
Surfactant assisted formation of ruthenium nanochains under mild conditions and their catalytic CO oxidation activity
Authors: Sreedhala S. , Vinod C. P.
Published: May 2015

Spontaneous formation of ruthenium nanochains is accomplished in aqueous medium under mild conditions using a seed mediated protocol with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the capping agent.
Electrospun hollow glassy carbon–reduced graphene oxide nanofibers with encapsulated ZnO nanoparticles: a free standing anode for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Shilpa Shilpa , Basavaraja Basavanakote M. , Majumder Subhasish B. , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: May 2015

In this paper, a novel anode architecture for Li-ion batteries fabricated by encapsulation of ZnO nanoparticles in the hollow core of glassy carbon–reduced graphene oxide electrospun composite nanofibers, is described.
Plasmonic sensors for the competitive detection of testosterone
Authors: Yockell-Lelièvre H. , Bukar N. , McKeating K. S. , Arnaud M. , Cosin P. , Guo Y. , Dupret-Carruel J. , Mougin B. , Masson J.-F.
Published: May 2015

The ability to detect small molecules in a rapid and sensitive manner is of great importance in the field of clinical chemistry, and the advancement of novel biosensors is key to realising point-of-care analysis for essential targets.
Flow induced dispersion analysis rapidly quantifies proteins in human plasma samples
Authors: Poulsen Nicklas N. , Andersen Nina Z. , Østergaard Jesper , Zhuang Guisheng , Petersen Nickolaj J. , Jensen Henrik
Published: May 2015

The change in dispersion of an indicator molecule (ligand) interacting with an analyte is used as an accurate measure of analyte concentration.
Integrated platform with a combination of online digestion and 18O labeling for proteome quantification via an immobilized trypsin microreactor
Authors: Zhang Shen , Yuan Huiming , Zhao Baofeng , Zhou Yuan , Jiang Hao , Zhang Lihua , Liang Zhen , Zhang Yukui
Published: May 2015

A novel integrated platform for quantitative proteome analysis was established by the combination of IMER, for digestion and in situ18O labeling, and nanoRPLC-ESI-MS/MS.
Facile preparation of paper substrates coated with different materials and their applications in paper spray mass spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Yajun , Zhang Xiaoling , Yang Haijun , Liu Xiaoning , Zhang Xinrong , Wang Qian , Zhang Zhiping
Published: May 2015

A versatile strategy based on vacuum filtration is introduced for coating different well-defined materials on the surface of filter paper.
The importance of incorporating a waste detoxification step in analytical methodologies
Authors: Gallart-Mateu D. , Cervera M. L. , Armenta S. , de la Guardia M.
Published: May 2015

Waste detoxification of copper determination in pesticide formulations improves the green character of the method. In this work: copper was determined in pesticide formulations. Electrogravimetry and atomic spectrometry methods were evaluated from their environmental point of view. The addition of waste decontamination steps improves the greenness of the method.
FeCl3 mediated synthesis of substituted indenones by a formal [2+2] cycloaddition/ring opening cascade of o-keto-cinnamates
Authors: Dethe Dattatraya H. , Murhade Ganesh M.
Published: May 2015

A novel FeCl3 mediated formal [2+2] cycloaddition/ring opening cascade of o-keto-cinnamates was developed for the synthesis of indenones. The reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups, including bromide, chloride, amide, acid and ester groups.
Nanoparticle–sulphur “inverse vulcanisation” polymer composites
Authors: Bear Joseph C. , Peveler William J. , McNaughter Paul D. , Parkin Ivan P. , O'Brien Paul , Dunnill Charles W.
Published: May 2015

Sulfur based mouldable nanocomposite polymers by “inverse vulcanisation”. Functional materials from waste.
Bonding of heme FeIII with dioxygen: observation and characterization of an incipient bond
Authors: Ferrand Léa , Soorkia Satchin , Grégoire Gilles , Broquier Michel , Soep Benoît , Shafizadeh Niloufar
Published: May 2015

The first observation and characterization of the [heme FeIII–O2]+ complex. Determination of the FeIII–O2 binding energy.
Stable p-type properties of single walled carbon nanotubes by electrochemical doping
Authors: Park Chang-Soo , Lee Cheol Jin , Kim Eun Kyu
Published: May 2015

We report a highly stable p-type doping for single walled carbon nanotubes using an electrochemical method.
Probing the ligand recognition and discrimination environment of the globin-coupled oxygen sensor protein YddV by FTIR and time-resolved step-scan FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Pavlou Andrea , Martínková Markéta , Shimizu Toru , Kitanishi Kenichi , Stranava Martin , Loullis Andreas , Pinakoulaki Eftychia
Published: May 2015

We present time-resolved step-scan FTIR evidence for the role of the distal Y43 and L65 residues in controlling the ligand dynamics in the signal transducer protein YddV.
Novel pyrromethene dyes with N-ethyl carbazole at the meso position: a comprehensive photophysical, lasing, photostability and TD-DFT study
Authors: Thorat Kishor G. , Kamble Priyadarshani , Ray Alok K. , Sekar Nagaiyan
Published: May 2015

Novel dyes with improved photostability and similar laser performances relative to that of the well known PM567 laser dye.
Ionic liquid- and surfactant-controlled crystallization of WO3 films
Authors: Kaper Helena , Djerdj Igor , Gross Silvia , Amenitsch Heinz , Antonietti Markus , Smarsly Bernd M.
Published: May 2015

Colorful structures: ionic liquids (C16mimCl) direct the crystallographic orientation in the sol–gel-based synthesis of WO3 films, improving electrochromic behavior.
Fluorinated polymer-grafted organic dielectrics for organic field-effect transistors with low-voltage and electrical stability
Authors: Kim Kyunghun , Kim Haekyoung , Kim Se Hyun , Park Chan Eon
Published: May 2015

Electrically-stable and low voltage-operating organic field-effect transistors are developed using graftable fluorinated polymers.
Effect of interfacial structure on bioinert properties of poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend films in water
Authors: Hirata T. , Matsuno H. , Kawaguchi D. , Yamada N. L. , Tanaka M. , Tanaka K.
Published: May 2015

Poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) segregation to the water interface in a blend film disturbed the network structure of water molecules, resulting in effective suppression of platelet adhesion.
Nanoscale crosslinking in thermoset polymers: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Kang Jingtian , Wang Changguo , Li Defeng , He Ge , Tan Huifeng
Published: May 2015

Nanoscale crosslinking analysis of thermoset polymer.
Surface plasmon enhanced up-conversion from NaYF4:Yb/Er/Gd nano-rods
Authors: Wang PengHui , Li ZhiQiang , Salcedo Walter J. , Sun Zhuo , Huang SuMei , Brolo Alexandre G.
Published: May 2015

The enhancement of upconversion emission from Yb3+–Er3+–Gd3+ co-doped sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF4:Yb/Er/Gd) nano-rods (UC NRs) was controlled by gold nanoparticle arrays (AuNPAs) of various periodicities.
The effect of sulfur on the electrical properties of S and N co-doped ZnO thin films: experiment and first-principles calculations
Authors: Niu Wenzhe , Xu Hongbin , Guo Yanmin , Li Yaguang , Ye Zhizhen , Zhu Liping
Published: May 2015

The S dopants in S–N co-doped ZnO contribute to easier doping and p-type conductivity, as concluded by experiment and calculations.
Metal-free organic sensitizers with narrow absorption in the visible for solar cells exceeding 10% efficiency
Authors: Joly D. , Pellejà L. , Narbey S. , Oswald F. , Meyer T. , Kervella Y. , Maldivi P. , Clifford J. N. , Palomares E. , Demadrille R.
Published: May 2015

Six organic dyes have been synthesized and used for the preparation of highly efficient and stable DSSCs. The implementation of one of them in a solar module with a large active area of 1400 cm2 is also presented.
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of vitex honey against paracetamol induced liver damage in mice
Authors: Wang Yuan , Li Dan , Cheng Ni , Gao Hui , Xue Xiaofeng , Cao Wei , Sun Liping
Published: May 2015

Fourteen vitex honeys from China were investigated to evaluate its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol-induced liver damage.
Fast electrically assisted regeneration of on-chip SERS substrates
Authors: Meier T.-A. , Poehler E. , Kemper F. , Pabst O. , Jahnke H.-G. , Beckert E. , Robitzki A. , Belder D.
Published: May 2015

Chip-integrated electrically connected stationary SERS targets enable interference-free consecutive surface-enhanced Raman measurements by electrically assisted substrate regeneration.
Discovering key regulatory mechanisms from single-factor and multi-factor regulations in glioblastoma utilizing multi-dimensional data
Authors: Peng Chen , Shen Yi , Ge Mengqu , Wang Minghui , Li Ao
Published: May 2015

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain cancer in adults.
Efficient visible-light photocatalytic heterojunctions formed by coupling plasmonic Cu2−xSe and graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Han Jing , Zou Hong Yan , Liu Ze Xi , Yang Tong , Gao Ming Xuan , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: May 2015

Heterojunctions formed by plasmonic Cu2−xSe nanocrystals and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) can improve the solar-light harvesting and charge separation/transfer with efficient photocatalytic activity under visible light illumination.
Preparation of an ascorbic acid/PVA–chitosan electrospun mat: a core/shell transdermal delivery system
Authors: Najafi-Taher Roqiye , Derakhshan Mohammad Ali , Faridi-Majidi Reza , Amani Amir
Published: May 2015

Core/shelll-ascorbic acid/poly(vinyl alcohol)–chitosan (ASC/PVA–CS) nanofibers were successfully prepared utilizing coaxial electrospinning and their characteristics were compared with monolithic blend PVA–CS–ASC nanofibers.
Synthesis and evaluation of new benzimidazole-based COX inhibitors: a naproxen-like interaction detected by STD-NMR
Authors: Carvalho Luísa C. R. , Ribeiro Daniela , Seixas Raquel S. G. R. , Silva Artur M. S. , Nave Mariana , Martins Ana C. , Erhardt Stefan , Fernandes Eduarda , Cabrita Eurico J. , Marques M. Manuel B.
Published: May 2015

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exert their pharmacological activity through inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2).
Quaternary structures of GroEL and naïve-Hsp60 chaperonins in solution: a combined SAXS-MD study
Authors: Spinello A. , Ortore M. G. , Spinozzi F. , Ricci C. , Barone G. , Gammazza A. Marino , Piccionello A. Palumbo
Published: May 2015

Analysis with QUAFIT software combined with SAXS-MD data, allows resolution of GroEL and naïve-Hsp60 oligomeric structures in solution.
A ZnO decorated chitosan–graphene oxide nanocomposite shows significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity with ROS generation
Authors: Ray Chowdhuri Angshuman , Tripathy Satyajit , Chandra Soumen , Roy Somenath , Sahu Sumanta Kumar
Published: May 2015

The rise in antimicrobial resistance requires the development of new antibacterial agents.
Drug–tubulin interactions interrogated by transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Boscá F. , Sastre G. , Andreu J. M. , Jornet D. , Tormos R. , Miranda M. A.
Published: May 2015

The triplet excited state of complexed COL and MTC gives well defined transient spectra undetectable in the absence of TU.
Sol–gel synthesis and electrochemical properties of c-axis oriented LiCoO2for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Gao Sen , Wei Wei , Ma Maixia , Qi Juanjuan , Yang Jie , Chu Shengqi , Zhang Jing , Guo Lin
Published: May 2015

This paper expounds upon the relationship between the electrochemical performance and the degree ofc-axis orientation of LiCoO2.
DNA hybridization on silicon nanowire platform prepared by glancing angle deposition and metal assisted chemical etching process
Authors: Cheng H. , Wu J. X. , Zheng H. , Xu W. , Zhou L. , Too H. P. , Choi W. K.
Published: May 2015

Porous nanowire surface provides high capacity for oligonucleotide hybridization.
Epitaxial growth of highly infrared-transparent and conductive CuScO2 thin film by polymer-assisted-deposition method
Authors: Chuai Ya-Hui , Shen Hong-Zhi , Li Ya-Dan , Hu Bing , Zhang Yu , Zheng Chuan-Tao , Wang Yi-Ding
Published: May 2015

As an important wide bandgap p-type conductive delafossite material, CuScO2 (CSO) has been intensively investigated for its wide applications in multi-functional optoelectronic devices.
FeS2 microspheres with an ether-based electrolyte for high-performance rechargeable lithium batteries
Authors: Hu Zhe , Zhang Kai , Zhu Zhiqiang , Tao Zhanliang , Chen Jun
Published: May 2015

FeS2 microspheres assembled with nanoplates show long cycling stability and high rate performance as the cathode for rechargeable Li batteries in an optimized ether-based electrolyte.
Converting waste paper to multifunctional graphene-decorated carbon paper: from trash to treasure
Authors: Ye Tian-Nan , Feng Wei-Jie , Zhang Bing , Xu Miao , Lv Li-Bing , Su Juan , Wei Xiao , Wang Kai-Xue , Li Xin-Hao , Chen Jie-Sheng
Published: May 2015

Used paper was converted on a large scale to multifunctional graphene-tethered carbon fiber composite paper (GCCP) with a novel “carbon tree” subunit structure.
The transformation of α-Fe nanoparticles into multi-domain FeNi–M3O4(M = Fe, Ni) heterostructures by galvanic exchange
Authors: Slaton Rahiem Davon , Bae In-Tae , Lutz Patrick S. , Pathade Laxmikant , Maye Mathew M.
Published: May 2015

Galvanic exchange at metallic Fe-nanoparticles is shown to result in new FeNi–M3O4heterostructures.
Bimetallic MnIII–FeII hybrid complexes formed by a functionalized MnIII Anderson polyoxometalate coordinated to FeII: observation of a field-induced slow relaxation of magnetization in the MnIII centres and a photoinduced spin-crossover in the FeII centres
Authors: Abhervé Alexandre , Palacios-Corella Mario , Clemente-Juan Juan Modesto , Marx Raphael , Neugebauer Petr , van Slageren Joris , Clemente-León Miguel , Coronado Eugenio
Published: May 2015

A 1-bpp-functionalized Anderson POM was reacted with Fe2+.
Versatile electronic properties of atomically layered ScO2
Authors: Loh G. C. , Pandey Ravindra
Published: May 2015

The versatility of adjusting the electronic behavior of ScO2 can be valuable to the development of next-generation nanodevices.
Highly efficient homojunction organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhao Yali , Qiu Panlong , Wu Chao , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge
Published: May 2015

Two types of high-performance homojunction OLEDs, blue p–i–n TOLEDs and bottom-emitting WOLEDs, were realized by meticulous optimization of the device structure.
Energy efficient and quality of service aware resource block allocation in OFDMA systems
Authors: Sabagh Mohammad R. , Dianati Mehrdad , Tafazolli Rahim , Mehrjoo Mehri
Published: May 2015

This study investigates energy efficient allocation of radio resource blocks in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems while considering the status of the users’ data buffers to reduce packet dropping rate by the downlink scheduler. The proposed scheme exploits the fluctuations of traffic load to efficiently schedule users’ data packets by reducing the overall energy consumption of the system whenever the status of data buffers permits. From information theory point of view, the proposed scheme exploits the fundamental trade‐off between energy efficiency and spectral efficiency to perform scheduling. First, the problem is formulated as an optimisation problem and then a novel solution, based on dynamic programming, is applied. By comparing the analytical solution with the ones obtained by exhaustive search, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme is close to the optimal solution, with low computational complexity. In addition, comprehensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the suggested algorithm. Both analytical and simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared with the well‐known benchmark schemes in terms of energy efficiency and packet dropping rate.
Krankenhaushygienische Herausforderungen durch multiresistente Erreger in der Chirurgie
Authors: Exner D. , Kalff J. , Engelhart S. , Exner M.
Published: May 2015

Die Anzahl antibiotikaresistenter Erreger steigt kontinuierlich an, ohne dass in den nächsten Jahren mit der Entwicklung neuer, wirksamer Antibiotika zu rechnen sein wird. Postoperative Infektionen stellen mittlerweile mit die häufigsten nosokomialen Infektionen dar. Vor diesem Hintergrund erlangen Hygienestrategien wieder eine neue Bedeutung, ohne deren Umsetzung eine nachhaltige Kontrolle nosokomialer Infektionen nicht gelingen wird. In diesem Artikel werden die wichtigsten Präventionsstrategien zur Prävention einer Infektion mit MRSA sowie 3- und 4-fach resistenten gramnegativen Erregern auf der Grundlage der aktuellen Empfehlungen der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention (KRINKO) gegeben.

Auf die Präventionsstrategien zu den ebenso als nosokomiale Infektionserreger relevanten Vancomycin-resistenten Enterokokken (VRE) und Clostridium difficile soll in einem zukünftigen Beitrag eingegangen werden, da hierzu die Empfehlungen der KRINKO derzeit noch in Bearbeitung sind.
Accelerated nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging through phase multiplexing
Authors: Moores B. A. , Eichler A. , Tao Y. , Takahashi H. , Navaretti P. , Degen C. L.
Published: May 2015

We report a method for accelerated nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance imaging by detecting several signals in parallel. Our technique relies on phase multiplexing, where the signals from different nuclear spin ensembles are encoded in the phase of an ultrasensitive magnetic detector. We demonstrate this technique by simultaneously acquiring statistically polarized spin signals from two different nuclear species (1H, 19F) and from up to six spatial locations in a nanowire test sample using a magnetic resonance force microscope. We obtain one-dimensional imaging resolution better than 5 nm, and subnanometer positional accuracy.
Development of efficient time-evolution method based on three-term recurrence relation
Authors: Akama Tomoko , Kobayashi Osamu , Nanbu Shinkoh
Published: May 2015

The advantage of the real-time (RT) propagation method is a direct solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation which describes frequency properties as well as all dynamics of a molecular system composed of electrons and nuclei in quantum physics and chemistry. Its applications have been limited by computational feasibility, as the evaluation of the time-evolution operator is computationally demanding. In this article, a new efficient time-evolution method based on the three-term recurrence relation (3TRR) was proposed to reduce the time-consuming numerical procedure. The basic formula of this approach was derived by introducing a transformation of the operator using the arcsine function. Since this operator transformation causes transformation of time, we derived the relation between original and transformed time. The formula was adapted to assess the performance of the RT time-dependent Hartree-Fock (RT-TDHF) method and the time-dependent density functional theory. Compared to the commonly used fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, our new approach decreased computational time of the RT-TDHF calculation by about factor of four, showing the 3TRR formula to be an efficient time-evolution method for reducing computational cost.
Accurate convergence of transient-absorption spectra using pulsed lasers
Authors: Brazard Johanna , Bizimana Laurie A. , Turner Daniel B.
Published: May 2015

Transient-absorption spectroscopy is a common and well-developed technique for measuring time-dependent optical phenomena. One important aspect, especially for measurements using pulsed lasers, is how to average multiple data acquisition events. Here, we use a mathematical analysis method based on covariance to evaluate various averaging schemes. The analysis reveals that the baseline and the signal converge to incorrect values without balanced detection of the probe, shot-by-shot detection, and a specific method of averaging. Experiments performed with sub-7 fs pulses confirm the analytic results and reveal insights into molecular excited-state vibrational dynamics.
On the blow-up criterion and small data global existence for the Hall-magnetohydrodynamics with horizontal dissipation
Authors: Fei Minggang , Xiang Zhaoyin
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we investigate the Cauchy problem for the incompressible resistive Hall-magnetohydrodynamic equations with horizontal dissipation. By using very delicate energy estimate, we establish a blow-up criterion for the classical solutions and show the global-in-time existence of the classical solution for small initial data.
Self-oscillating AB diblock copolymer developed by post modification strategy
Authors: Ueki Takeshi , Onoda Michika , Tamate Ryota , Shibayama Mitsuhiro , Yoshida Ryo
Published: May 2015

We prepared AB diblock copolymer composed of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) segment and self-oscillating polymer segment. In the latter segment, ruthenium tris(2,2′-bipyridine) (Ru(bpy)3), a catalyst of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, is introduced into the polymer architecture based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). The Ru(bpy)3 was introduced into the polymer segment by two methods; (i) direct random copolymerization (DP) of NIPAAm and Ru(bpy)3 vinyl monomer and (ii) post modification (PM) of Ru(bpy)3 with random copolymer of NIPAAm and N-3-aminopropylmethacrylamide. For both the diblock copolymers, a bistable temperature region (the temperature range; ΔTm), where the block copolymer self-assembles into micelle at reduced Ru(bpy)32+ state whereas it breaks-up into individual polymer chain at oxidized Ru(bpy)33+ state, monotonically extends as the composition of the Ru(bpy)3 increases. The ΔTm of the block copolymer prepared by PM is larger than that by DP. The difference in ΔTm is rationalized from the statistical analysis of the arrangement of the Ru(bpy)3 moiety along the self-oscillating segments. By using the PM method, the well-defined AB diblock copolymer having ΔTm (ca. 25 °C) large enough to cause stable self-oscillation can be prepared. The periodic structural transition of the diblock copolymer in a dilute solution ([Polymer] = 0.1 wt. %) is closely investigated in terms of the time-resolved dynamic light scattering technique at constant temperature in the bistable region. A macroscopic viscosity oscillation of a concentrated polymer solution (15 wt. %) coupled with the periodic microphase separation is also demonstrated.
Standing wave-like patterns in the Gray-Scott model
Authors: Berenstein Igal
Published: May 2015

Standing wave-like patterns are obtained in the Gray-Scott model when the dynamics that correspond to defect-mediated turbulence for equal diffusivities interact with a Turing instability. The Turing instability can be caused by either differential or cross-diffusion. We compare results with the Oregonator model, for which standing wave-like patterns are also observed under similar conditions.
Temperature dependence of inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect at metallic interface
Authors: Nomura Akiyo , Tashiro Takaharu , Nakayama Hiroyasu , Ando Kazuya
Published: May 2015

We report temperature evolution of spin-charge conversion through the inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect (IREE) in a metallic heterostructure. The IREE was induced in a Ag/Bi junction by spin pumping, dynamical spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal; nonequilibrium spin accumulation created in the Ag/Bi junction is converted into a charge current at the interface. By measuring the charge current arising from the IREE at different temperatures, we found that the spin-charge conversion efficiency is almost independent of temperature. This method offers a versatile route for probing the spin-orbit coupling at metallic interfaces under various conditions, promising further development of spin-orbit physics and spin-based technologies.
Exceptional enhancement of H2 production in alkaline environment over plasmonic Au/TiO2 photocatalyst under visible light
Authors: Meng Xianguang , Yu Qing , Wang Tao , Liu Guigao , Chang Kun , Li Peng , Liu Lequan , Ye Jinhua
Published: May 2015

A reaction environment modulation strategy was employed to promote the H2 production over plasmonic Au/semiconductor composites. It is shown that the fast consumption of the holes in plasmonic Au nanoparticles by methanol in alkaline reaction environment remarkably increases H2 generation rate under visible light. The photocatalytic reaction is mainly driven by the interband transition of plasmonic Au nanoparticles, and the apparent quantum efficiency of plasmon-assisted H2 production at pH 14 reaches 6% at 420 nm. The reaction environment control provides a simple and effective way for the highly efficient solar fuel production from biomass reforming through plasmonic photocatalysis in future.
Ultraviolet-enhanced light emitting diode employing individual ZnO microwire with SiO2 barrier layers
Authors: Xu Yingtian , Xu Li , Dai Jun , Ma Yan , Chu Xianwei , Zhang Yuantao , Du Guotong , Zhang Baolin , Yin Jingzhi
Published: May 2015

This paper details the fabrication of n-ZnO single microwire (SMW)-based high-purity ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) with an added SiO2 barrier layer on the p-Si substrate. However, the current-voltage (I-V) curve exhibited non-ideal rectifying characteristics. Under forward bias, both UV and visible emissions could be detected by electroluminescence (EL) measurement. When bias voltage reached 60 V at room temperature, a UV emission spike occurred at 390 nm originating from the n-ZnO SMW. Compared with the EL spectrum of the n-ZnO SMW/p-Si heterojunction device without the SiO2 barrier layer, we saw improved UV light extraction efficiency from the current-blocking effect of the SiO2 layer. The intense UV emission in the n-ZnO SMW/SiO2/p-Si heterojunction indicated that the SiO2 barrier layer can restrict the movement of electrons as expected and result in effective electron-hole recombination in ZnO SMW.
Historical water-plant occurrence and environmental change in two contrasting catchments
Authors: Casanova Michelle T.
Published: May 2015

Historical conditions in riparian systems can be derived from the recorded distribution of water plants and their ecological requirements. Herbarium and literature records were used to assess historical species occurrence, and a field survey and a seed-bank study were used to assess present-day occurrence in two adjacent, southern Australian catchments: the Angas River and the Tookayerta Creek. There was an increase in the proportion of salinity- and drought-tolerant species detected in the Angas River catchment since European settlement. Field-survey data and the seed-bank study data were similar for that catchment, indicating that the submerged flora of the Angas River catchment is resilient to drought. In contrast, the dissimilarity of the seed-bank study data and the survey data from the Tookayerta Creek catchment indicated that the submerged flora in that catchment is not tolerant of drought. Although submerged species in the Tookayerta Creek catchment are dependent on the presence of permanent fresh water, there were more salinity-tolerant species in the lower Tookayerta catchment in the present study than were detected in the past. Comparison of the historical plant distribution and present-day distribution in catchments can provide interpretation of environmental conditions and ecological filters now, and since European settlement.
Improving our ability to collect eggs of the threatened Australian grayling, Prototroctes maraena
Authors: Amtstaetter F. , Dawson D. , O'Connor J.
Published: May 2015

Successful monitoring of fish eggs or larvae facilitates the assessment of management actions (e.g. environmental flow releases) on spawning success. Paired sets of drift nets (one at the surface and one on the bottom) were used at six sites in the Thomson River to determine whether we can improve our ability to monitor the spawning success of Australian grayling, Prototroctes maraena. Over 900 P. maraena eggs were captured, with 90% being captured in drift nets set on the bottom. All but one of the eggs were captured at two sites, which had faster flow rates and a substrate of small gravel rather than fine sediment. These results indicate that using surface drift net sets for sampling eggs in rivers with low turbulence may be ineffective and that spawning may be more likely in faster-flowing areas with gravel substrates.
Different types of multiethnic societies and different patterns of development and change in the prehistoric Near East
Authors: Frangipane Marcella
Published: May 2015

After briefly examining the forms of cultural contact in pre- and protohistoric societies in relation to the problem of the varying perception of territories and their “borders” as well as of “membership” in those societies, and after a brief reconsideration of the concept of culture and ethnicity in such archaic contexts, this paper then examines three examples of multiethnic societies in the Near East, and specifically in Upper Mesopotamia and Southeast Anatolia, in the fifth, fourth, and at the beginning of the third millennia before the common era (BCE), respectively. These examples are dealt with as emblematic cases of different models of society, types of interaction with alien groups, levels of integration, and development dynamics. Each of these cases is examined with respect to its socioeconomic context, the archeological evidence of “multiethnicity,” the types of interaction between different components, the degree of cultural integration achieved, and the effects on the dynamics of change and the development of the societies examined. By analyzing and comparing these examples, the paper aims to show how interethnic contact impacted differently on different societies according to their types, the reasons and purposes of the interaction, and the degree of integration achieved.
BDNF pro-peptide actions facilitate hippocampal LTD and are altered by the common BDNF polymorphism Val66Met
Authors: Mizui Toshiyuki , Ishikawa Yasuyuki , Kumanogoh Haruko , Lume Maria , Matsumoto Tomoya , Hara Tomoko , Yamawaki Shigeto , Takahashi Masami , Shiosaka Sadao , Itami Chiaki , Uegaki Koichi , Saarma Mart , Kojima Masami
Published: May 2015

Significance

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that elicits biological effects on synaptic plasticity. BDNF is initially synthesized as precursor proBDNF, and then the BDNF pro-peptide is simultaneously produced from the precursor protein. However, the physiological functions of the pro-peptide are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the BDNF pro-peptide is a facilitator of hippocampal long-term depression (LTD), requiring the activation of GluN2B-containing NMDA-type receptors and the pan-neurotrophin receptor p75
NTR
. Second, a common BDNF polymorphism substitutes valine for methionine at amino acid position 66 (Val66Met) in the pro-peptide of BDNF and impairs memory function. Unexpectedly, the pro-peptide with Met mutation completely inhibits hippocampal LTD. These findings provide insights into the physiological role of the BDNF pro-peptide in the brain.
Signatures of host/symbiont genome coevolution in insect nutritional endosymbioses
Authors: Wilson Alex C. C. , Duncan Rebecca P.
Published: May 2015

The role of symbiosis in bacterial symbiont genome evolution is well understood, yet the ways that symbiosis shapes host genomes or more particularly, host/symbiont genome coevolution in the holobiont is only now being revealed. Here, we identify three coevolutionary signatures that characterize holobiont genomes. The first signature, host/symbiont collaboration, arises when completion of essential pathways requires host/endosymbiont genome complementarity. Metabolic collaboration has evolved numerous times in the pathways of amino acid and vitamin biosynthesis. Here, we highlight collaboration in branched-chain amino acid and pantothenate (vitamin B5) biosynthesis. The second coevolutionary signature is acquisition, referring to the observation that holobiont genomes acquire novel genetic material through various means, including gene duplication, lateral gene transfer from bacteria that are not their current obligate symbionts, and full or partial endosymbiont replacement. The third signature, constraint, introduces the idea that holobiont genome evolution is constrained by the processes governing symbiont genome evolution. In addition, we propose that collaboration is constrained by the expression profile of the cell lineage from which endosymbiont-containing host cells, called bacteriocytes, are derived. In particular, we propose that such differences in bacteriocyte cell lineage may explain differences in patterns of host/endosymbiont metabolic collaboration between the sap-feeding suborders Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhynca. Finally, we review recent studies at the frontier of symbiosis research that are applying functional genomic approaches to characterization of the developmental and cellular mechanisms of host/endosymbiont integration, work that heralds a new era in symbiosis research.
Angiopoietin-like 4 is a potent angiogenic factor and a novel therapeutic target for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Babapoor-Farrokhran Savalan , Jee Kathleen , Puchner Brooks , Hassan Syed Junaid , Xin Xiaoban , Rodrigues Murilo , Kashiwabuchi Fabiana , Ma Tao , Hu Ke , Deshpande Monika , Daoud Yassine , Solomon Sharon , Wenick Adam , Lutty Gerard A. , Semenza Gregg L. , Montaner Silvia , Sodhi Akrit
Published: May 2015

Significance

In proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), the most vision-threatening sequela of diabetic eye disease, retinal ischemia leads to increased expression of angiogenic factors that promote neovascularization. Although therapies targeting the potent angiogenic mediator vascular endothelial growth factor have been remarkably successful for the treatment of diabetic macular edema, this approach has not proven sufficient to prevent the development of retinal neovascularization, implicating additional angiogenic factor(s) in PDR pathogenesis. We demonstrate here that angiopoietin-like 4 is a potent angiogenic mediator with markedly increased expression in the eyes of PDR patients. Our studies identify a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ocular neovascular disease and may have broad implications for the treatment of other diseases dependent on pathologic angiogenesis.
Production of extremely low volatile organic compounds from biogenic emissions: Measured yields and atmospheric implications
Authors: Jokinen Tuija , Berndt Torsten , Makkonen Risto , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Junninen Heikki , Paasonen Pauli , Stratmann Frank , Herrmann Hartmut , Guenther Alex B. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Kulmala Markku , Ehn Mikael , Sipilä Mikko
Published: May 2015

Significance

Extremely low volatility organic compounds (ELVOC) are suggested to promote aerosol particle formation and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) production in the atmosphere. We show that the capability of biogenic VOC (BVOC) to produce ELVOC depends strongly on their chemical structure and relative oxidant levels. BVOC with an endocyclic double bond, representative emissions from, e.g., boreal forests, efficiently produce ELVOC from ozonolysis. Compounds with exocyclic double bonds or acyclic compounds including isoprene, emission representative of the tropics, produce minor quantities of ELVOC, and the role of OH radical oxidation is relatively larger. Implementing these findings into a global modeling framework shows that detailed assessment of ELVOC production pathways is crucial for understanding biogenic secondary organic aerosol and atmospheric CCN formation.
Outer-membrane translocation of bulky small molecules by passive diffusion
Authors: van den Berg Bert , Prathyusha Bhamidimarri Satya , Dahyabhai Prajapati Jigneshkumar , Kleinekathöfer Ulrich , Winterhalter Mathias
Published: May 2015

Significance

The outer membrane (OM) of gram-negative bacteria forms a protective layer on the outside of the cell that prevents unrestricted access of harmful compounds. For the acquisition of ions and nutrients, the OM contains two types of transport proteins: passive diffusion channels and active transporters. Due to the limited diameters of passive diffusion channels, bulky molecules such as iron–siderophores and complex oligosaccharides are assumed to be taken up exclusively by active transporters. Here we assert that this assumption is incorrect. Using a combination of biophysical and computational approaches, we show that the OM protein CymA (cyclodextrin metabolism A) from
Klebsiella oxytoca
represents a previously unidentified paradigm in OM transport by mediating the passive diffusion of cyclic oligosaccharides (cyclodextrins) with diameters of ∼15 Å.
Pheromone killing of multidrug-resistant
Enterococcus faecalis
V583 by native commensal strains
Authors: Gilmore Michael S. , Rauch Marcus , Ramsey Matthew M. , Himes Paul R. , Varahan Sriram , Manson Janet M. , Lebreton Francois , Hancock Lynn Ernest
Published: May 2015

Significance

Multidrug-resistant enterococci are leading causes of hospital infection. The antibiotic-perturbed patient gut serves as a staging ground—small numbers of resistant hospital strains colonize and then, greatly amplify in the colon. Little is known of the colonization principles involved—whether hospital strains are competitive or noncompetitive with commensal enterococci or whether mobile elements comprising over 25% of the genome of the former impose significant fitness costs. We unexpectedly found that the prototype vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus faecalis
strain V583 was actively killed by fecal organisms, and we traced that to pheromone production by commensal enterococci that trigger lethal mobile element cross-talk. This work highlights the importance of maintaining commensal enterococci in the gut of the hospitalized patient.
Overlapping functions of stonin 2 and SV2 in sorting of the calcium sensor synaptotagmin 1 to synaptic vesicles
Authors: Kaempf Natalie , Kochlamazashvili Gaga , Puchkov Dmytro , Maritzen Tanja , Bajjalieh Sandra M. , Kononenko Natalia L. , Haucke Volker
Published: May 2015

Significance

Brain function depends on neurotransmission, and alterations in this process are linked to neurological disorders. Neurotransmitter release requires the rapid recycling of synaptic vesicles (SVs) by endocytosis. How synapses maintain the molecular composition of SVs during recycling is poorly understood. We demonstrate that overlapping functions of two completely distinct proteins, the vesicle protein SV2A/B and the adaptor stonin 2, mediate endocytic sorting of the vesicular calcium sensor synaptotagmin 1. As SV2A is the target of the commonly used antiepileptic drug levetiracetam and is linked to late onset Alzheimer’s disease, our findings bear implications for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
Group discussion improves lie detection
Authors: Klein Nadav , Epley Nicholas
Published: May 2015

Significance

Detecting lies is difficult. Accuracy rates in experiments are only slightly greater than chance, even among trained professionals. Costly programs aimed at training individual lie detectors have mostly been ineffective. Here we test a different strategy: asking individuals to detect lies as a group. We find a consistent group advantage for detecting small “white” lies as well as intentional high-stakes lies. This group advantage does not come through the statistical aggregation of individual opinions (a “wisdom-of-crowds” effect), but instead through the process of group discussion. Groups were not simply maximizing the small amounts of accuracy contained among individual members but were instead creating a unique type of accuracy altogether.
Human ortholog of
Drosophila
Melted impedes SMAD2 release from TGF-β receptor I to inhibit TGF-β signaling
Authors: Shathasivam Premalatha , Kollara Alexandra , Ringuette Maurice J. , Virtanen Carl , Wrana Jeffrey L. , Brown Theodore J.
Published: May 2015

Significance

Ventricular zone expressed pleckstrin homology domain-containing 1 (
VEPH1
) is among genes on chromosome 3q24-26, a region amplified in several cancers. Although little is known of mammalian VEPH1, its
Drosophila
ortholog, Melted, is involved in neural and eye development, metabolism, and size determination through effects on Forkhead box O, target of rapamycin, and Hippo signaling. We show that VEPH1 expression affects similar gene categories as Melted and potently inhibits transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. VEPH1 interacts with TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) and inhibits dissociation of activated Sma- and Mad-related protein 2 from TβRI, resulting in impaired TGF-β signaling. TGF-β acts initially as a tumor suppressor through its cytostatic activity, but subsequently promotes tumor progression. These findings suggest that VEPH1 could affect TGF-β activity during cancer development/progression.
pH-dependent recognition of apoptotic and necrotic cells by the human dendritic cell receptor DEC205
Authors: Cao Longxing , Shi Xiangyi , Chang Haishuang , Zhang Qinfen , He Yongning
Published: May 2015

Significance

Dendritic cells are critical in regulating immune responses. DEC205 (CD205) is an endocytotic receptor on dendritic cells with antigen presentation function and has been widely used in immune therapies. Here, we report that DEC205 is an immune receptor that recognizes apoptotic and necrotic cells specifically through a pH-dependent mechanism. The ectodomain of DEC205 forms a double-ringed conformation at acidic pH and becomes extended at basic pH. DEC205 only recognizes apoptotic and necrotic cells at acidic conditions with its N-terminal small ring and has no binding activities to healthy cells at either acidic or basic conditions, thus representing a novel pathway for immune clearance of dead cells and a potential mechanism for tumor scavenging.
Decreased water limitation under elevated CO
2
amplifies potential for forest carbon sinks
Authors: Farrior Caroline E. , Rodriguez-Iturbe Ignacio , Dybzinski Ray , Levin Simon A. , Pacala Stephen W.
Published: May 2015

Significance

With increasing atmospheric CO
2
and a changing climate come changes in both plant water use efficiency and rainfall regimes. The effects of these changes on forests, including feedbacks to the carbon cycle, are complex. Through a theoretical analysis combining CO
2
, soil moisture dynamics, and individual-based competition in forests, we find that (
i
) carbon storage has a complex and significant dependence on rainfall amount and timing and (
ii
) the main effect of increasing CO
2
in water-limited forests is a decrease in the amount of time trees spend in water limitation. This main effect is predicted to reduce competitive overinvestment in fine roots, drive competitive trees to increase investment in woody biomass, and greatly increase forest carbon storage in live biomass.