bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple and High‐Precision Hand–Eye Calibration for 3D Robot Measurement Systems
Authors: Wu Lei , Zang Xizhe , Bai Minghao , Zhang Xuehe , Liu Yubin , Zhao Jie
Published: September 2023

Three dimensional (3D) robot measurement systems, with binocular planar structured light cameras (3D cameras) installed at the terminal flange of robots, are widely used to measure complete workpieces by stitching point clouds obtained from various sampled poses. To ensure accurate stitching, hand–eye calibration is necessary. However, 3D cameras often demonstrate low precision in measuring jumping edges and vertices, resulting in challenges when selecting appropriate calibrators and calibration methods for hand–eye calibration. We propose a simple and high‐precision hand–eye calibration method for 3D robot measurement systems. Initially, a single sphere is utilized as the calibrator, and its poses are observed using specific robotic motions. Subsequently, the hand–eye calibration problem is formulated as a well‐known equation, , relying solely on the high‐precision relative pose of the robot. Finally, a novel simultaneous solution for and the corresponding closed‐form initial solution are introduced. Simulations and experiments confirm that the proposed method exhibits high noise resistance and achieves high‐precision calibration, even with a limited calibration data quantity. Compared with traditional methods, the fitting error of the proposed method can be reduced from over 0.9 mm to less than 0.6 mm.
Growth charts in DYRK1A syndrome
Authors: Lanvin Pierre‐Louis , Goronflot Thomas , Isidor Bertrand , Nizon Mathilde , Durand Benjamin , El Chehadeh Salima , Geneviève David , Ruault Valentin , Fradin Mélanie , Pasquier Laurent , Thévenon Julien , Delobel Bruno , Burglen Lydie , Afenjar Alexandra , Faivre Laurence , Francannet Christine , Guerrot Anne‐Marie , Goldenberg Alice , Mercier Sandra , Héron Delphine , Lehalle Daphné , Mignot Cyril , Marey Isabelle , Charles Perrine , Moutton Sébastien , Bézieau Stéphane , Bayat Allan , Piton Amélie , Willems Marjolaine , Vincent Marie
Published: September 2023

DYRK1A Syndrome (OMIM #614104) is caused by pathogenic variations in the DYRK1A gene located on 21q22. Haploinsufficiency of DYRK1A causes a syndrome with global psychomotor delay and intellectual disability. Low birth weight, growth restriction with feeding difficulties, stature insufficiency, and microcephaly are frequently reported. This study aims to create specific growth charts for individuals with DYRK1A Syndrome and identify parameters for size prognosis. Growth parameters were obtained for 92 individuals with DYRK1A Syndrome (49 males vs. 43 females). The data were obtained from pediatric records, parent reporting, and scientific literature. Growth charts for height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) were generated using generalized additive models through R package gamlss. The growth curves include height, weight, and OFC measurements for patients aged 0–5 years. In accordance with the literature, the charts show that individuals are more likely to present intrauterine growth restriction with low birth weight and microcephaly. The growth is then characterized by severe microcephaly, low weight, and short stature. This study proposes growth charts for widespread use in the management of patients with DYRK1A syndrome.
Investigation of sex differences in mutation carriers of the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Authors: Wagemann Olivia , Li Yan , Hassenstab Jason , Aschenbrenner Andrew J. , McKay Nicole S. , Gordon Brian A. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Xiong Chengjie , Cruchaga Carlos , Renton Alan E. , Perrin Richard J. , Berman Sarah B. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Farlow Martin R. , Day Gregory S. , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Jucker Mathias , Lopera Francisco , Mori Hiroshi , Noble James M. , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel , Schofield Peter R. , Morris John C. , Daniels Alisha , Levin Johannes , Bateman Randall J. , McDade Eric , Llibre‐Guerra Jorge J. ,   the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION

Studies suggest distinct differences in the development, presentation, progression, and response to treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) between females and males. We investigated sex differences in cognition, neuroimaging, and fluid biomarkers in dominantly inherited AD (DIAD).

METHODS

Three hundred twenty‐five mutation carriers (55% female) and one hundred eighty‐six non‐carriers (58% female) of the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Observational Study were analyzed. Linear mixed models and Spearman's correlation explored cross‐sectional sex differences in cognition, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (11C‐PiB PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

RESULTS

Female carriers performed better than males on delayed recall and processing speed despite similar hippocampal volumes. As the disease progressed, symptomatic females revealed higher increases in MRI markers of neurodegeneration and memory impairment. PiB PET and established CSF AD markers revealed no sex differences.

DISCUSSION

Our findings suggest an initial cognitive reserve in female carriers followed by a pronounced increase in neurodegeneration coupled with worse performance on delayed recall at later stages of DIAD.
Comparing the efficacy and safety of low, medium, and high dosages of selexipag for treating pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Shang , Yan Yi , Zhang Jian , Yuan Ping , Luo Ci‐Jun , Qiu Hong‐Ling , Li Hui‐Ting , Xu Jian , Wang Lan , Li Tian‐Lan , Jiang Rong
Published: September 2023

Background

The maintenance dosage of selexipag is categorized as low, medium or high. In order to assess the efficacy and safety of different dosages of selexipag for the risk stratification of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

Studies assessing PAH risk stratification indices, such as the World Health Organization functional class (WHO‐FC), six‐minute walk distance (6MWD), N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) level, right atrial pressure (RAP), cardiac index (CI) and mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), were included.

Results

Thirteen studies were included. Selexipag led to improvements in the 6MWD (MD: 24.20 m, 95% CI: 10.74–37.67), NT‐proBNP (SMD: −0.41, 95% CI: −0.79–0.04), CI (MD: 0.47 L/min/m2, 95% CI: 0.17–0.77) and WHO‐FC (OR: 0.564, 95% CI: 0.457–0.697). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that all three dosages improved the 6MWD. A moderate dosage led to improvements in the CI (MD: 0.30 L/min/m2, 95% CI: 0.15–0.46) and WHO‐FC (OR: 0.589, 95% CI: 0.376–0.922). Within 6 months of treatment, only the WHO‐FC and CI were significantly improved (OR: 0.614, 95% CI: 0.380–0.993; MD: 0.30 L/min/m2, 95% CI: 0.16–0.45, respectively). More than 6 months of treatment significantly improved the 6MWD, WHO‐FC and NT‐proBNP (MD: 40.87 m, 95% CI: 10.97–70.77; OR: 0.557, 95% CI: 0.440–0.705; SMD: −0.61, 95% CI: −1.17–0.05, respectively).

Conclusions

Low, medium, and high dosages of selexipag all exhibited good effects. When treatment lasted for more than 6 months, selexipag exerted obvious effects, even in the low‐dosage group. This finding is important for guiding individualized treatments.
Quantitative Determination of Water in Organic Liquids by Ambient Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Qiu Lingqi , Saha Mousumi , Kraft Stefan , Dziekonski Eric T. , Welch Christopher J. , Dai Yumin , Kaerner Andreas , Cooks R. Graham
Published: September 2023

This study uses a rapid tandem mass‐spectrometry method to determine water content in complex organic solutions. Emphasis is placed on trace‐water analysis by a fast and accurate alternative to the Karl–Fischer method. In this new method, water is captured by a charge‐labeled molecular probe. Water binds strongly with high specificity to the strongly electrophilic aldehyde site in a charge‐labelled molecule (N‐methylpyridinium); competitive binding by other analytes is effectively discriminated against in the mass‐measurement step. Quantitative determinations are made over a wide concentration range, 0.001 % (10 ppm) to 99 %, with better than 10 % relative standard deviation, along with short (1 min) analysis times using small sample volumes (several μL). Applications include water measurement in simple organic solvents, for example, deuterated solvents, as well as in complex mixtures, for example, organic reaction mixtures. Additionally, this method allows for water monitoring in levitated droplets. Mechanistic investigations into the impact of water on important chemical processes in organic synthesis and environmental science are reported.
A Negatively Curved π‐Expanded Pyracylene Comprising a Tropylium Cation
Authors: Borstelmann Jan , Bergner John , Rominger Frank , Kivala Milan
Published: September 2023

We disclose π‐expanded pyracylenes and their cationic species comprising 7‐membered rings. The compounds were synthesized by stepwise oxidative cyclodehydrogenation to monitor the effect of successive cyclization on the structural and optoelectronic properties. As shown by X‐ray crystallography, the complete cyclization leads to a boat‐shaped scaffold featuring negative curvature provided by the 7‐membered ring. The embedded tropone unit enabled the convenient generation of a stabilized tropylium cation, showing bathochromically shifted absorption bands reaching into the near‐infrared region beyond 1000 nm. The altered structural features, supported by theoretical calculations, point towards the positively charged 7‐membered ring having aromatic character.
Magnetic Ni‐Nanoinclusions in VO2 Thin Films for Broad Tuning of Phase Transition Properties
Authors: He Zihao , Jian Jie , Quigley Lizabeth , Bhatt Nirali A. , Barnard James P. , Mihalko Claire A. , Wang Haohan , Phuah Xin Li , Lu Juanjuan , Xu Xiaoshan , Wang Haiyan
Published: September 2023

Mott insulator VO2 exhibits an ultrafast and reversible semiconductor‐to‐metal transition (SMT) near 340 K (67 °C). In order to fulfill the multifunctional device applications, effective transition temperature (Tc) tuning as well as integrated functionality in VO2 is desired. In this study, multifunctionalities including tailorable SMT characteristics, ferromagnetic (FM) integration, and magneto‐optical (MO) coupling, have been demonstrated via metal/VO2 nanocomposite designs with controlled morphology, i.e., a two‐phase Ni/VO2 pillar‐in‐matrix geometry and a three‐phase Au/Ni/VO2 particle‐in‐matrix geometry. Evident Tc reduction of 20.4 to 54.9 K has been achieved by morphology engineering. Interestingly, the Au/Ni/VO2 film achieves a record‐low Tc of 295.2 K (22.2 °C), slightly below room temperature (25 °C). The change in film morphology is also correlated with unique property tuning. Highly anisotropic magnetic and optical properties have been demonstrated in Ni/VO2 film, whereas Au/Ni/VO2 film exhibits isotropic properties because of the uniform distribution of Au/Ni nanoparticles. Furthermore, a strong MO coupling with enhanced magnetic coercivity and anisotropy is demonstrated for both films, indicating great potential for optically active property tuning. This demonstration opens exciting opportunities for the VO2‐based device implementation towards smart windows, next‐generation optical‐coupled switches, and spintronic devices.
Description: Its meaning, epistemology, and use with emphasis on information science
Authors: Hjørland Birger
Published: September 2023

This study examines the concept of “description” and its theoretical foundations. The literature about it is surprisingly limited, and its usage is vague, sometimes even conflicting. Description should be considered in relation to other processes, such as representation, data capturing, and categorizing, which raises the question about what it means to describe something. Description is often used for any type of predication but may better be limited to predications based on observations. Research aims to establish criteria for making optimal descriptions; however, the problems involved in describing something have seldom been addressed. Specific ideals are often followed without examine their fruitfulness. This study provides evidence that description cannot be a neutral, objective activity; rather, it is a theory‐laden and interest‐based activity. In information science, description occurs in processes such as document description, descriptive metadata assignment, and information resource description. In this field, description has equally been used in conflicting ways that mostly do not evince a recognition of the value‐ and theory‐laden nature of descriptions. It is argued that descriptive activities in information science should always be based on consciously explicit considerations of the goals that descriptions are meant to serve.
Recent Advances in Bimetallic Catalysts for Methane Steam Reforming in Hydrogen Production: Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Yusuf Basiru O. , Umar Mustapha , Kotob Esraa , Abdulhakam Abdullahi , Taialla Omer Ahmed , Awad Mohammed Mosaad , Hussain Ijaz , Alhooshani Khalid R. , Ganiyu Saheed A.
Published: September 2023

As energy demand continues to rise and the global population steadily grows, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative, clean, and renewable energy sources. The search for alternatives, such as green hydrogen, as both a fuel and an industrial feedstock, is intensifying. Methane steam reforming (MSR) has long been considered a primary method for hydrogen production, despite its numerous advantages, the activity and stability of the conventional Ni catalysts are major concerns due to carbon formation and metal sintering at high temperatures, posing significant drawbacks to the process. In recent years, significant attention has been given to bimetallic catalysts as a potential solution to overcome the challenges associated with methane steam reforming. Thus, this review focuses on the recent advancements in bimetallic catalysts for hydrogen production through methane steam reforming. The review explores various aspects including reactor type, catalyst selection, and the impact of different operating parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, feed composition, reactor configuration, and feed and sweep gas flow rates. The analysis and discussion revolve around key performance indicators such as methane conversion, hydrogen recovery, and hydrogen yield.
Utilization of grape waste with different moisture content as fuel briquettes
Authors: Kabas Onder
Published: September 2023

In 2020, world fresh grape production increased to 78.03 million metric tons from 77.00 million metric tons in 2019. Approximately 80% of the grapes produced in the world are consumed as wine and fruit juice. In such a large industry, a huge amount of waste is generated after processing. This waste is generally used as fertilizer and burned inefficiently. In this study, the quality and strength parameters of the briquettes obtained were determined in order to investigate the possibility of using grape wastes as fuel briquettes by compressing them under constant pressure (120 MPa) at three different moisture content levels (6.8%, 9.4%, 12.1%) instead of using them as fertilizer or burning them inefficiently. As a result of the study, it was determined that the compression force, compression stress, specific compression force, and quality parameters such as density, water resistance, tumbler, and shatter index of the briquettes obtained from the briquettes with 6.8% raw material moisture content were in accordance with the international standard, ISO 17225‐3.
Cancer incidence in the Somali population of Olmsted County: A Rochester epidemiology project study
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed A. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Yost Kathleen J. , Jenkins Gregory , Finney Rutten Lila J. , Wieland Mark L. , Njeru Jane W.
Published: September 2023

Background

Somali immigrants and refugees constitute one of the largest African ethnic groups immigrating to the United States over the past three decades with the majority resettling in the state of Minnesota. Previous studies have documented significant cancer screening disparities between the Somali population and the general population. However, little is known about cancer incidence among Somali groups living in the United States.

Methods

We determined the incidence of 18 types or sites of malignancy using ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes and compared them between Somali and non‐Somali populations in Olmsted County, Minnesota utilizing the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records‐linkage infrastructure for the years 2000–2020. Poisson regression models were used to model the rates for each malignancy.

Results

There was a higher incidence and relative risk of liver malignancies among the Somali population versus non‐Somali population, but lower relative risk and incidence of the following malignancies: breast, cervical, and melanoma. After direct age‐sex adjustment to the United States 2000 Census population, liver was the most common cancer in Somali men, while breast cancer was the most common malignancy in women.

Conclusion

Malignancies related to infectious agents such as viral hepatitis have a higher incidence in the Somali immigrant population of Olmsted County. There is a lower incidence of malignancies related to lifestyle factors in this Somali population. Findings of this study may help inform cancer prevention and screening strategies among Somali communities in the United States.
Subsite‐specific metastatic organotropism and risk in gastric cancer: A population‐based cohort study of the US SEER database and a Chinese single‐institutional registry
Authors: Wang Ling , Liang Boxuan , Jiang Yu , Huang Genjie , Tang Aiwei , Liu Zhihong , Wang Yupeng , Zhou Rui , Yang Nanyan , Wu Jianhua , Shi Min , Bin Jianping , Liao Yulin , Liao Wangjun
Published: September 2023

Background

Studies exploring whether metastatic organotropism and risk in gastric cancer (GC) differ by primary anatomical site are scarce.

Methods

This study included 15,260 and 1623 patients diagnosed with GC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry database and the Nanfang Hospital in China, respectively. Patients were stratified according to primary site of GC, and the incidence of metastasis to different organs was used to determine the metastatic organotropism for each GC subsite. Finally, the metastatic organotropism and risk were compared among the different subsite groups.

Results

Liver metastasis was the most common metastasis site in cardia GC, whereas other‐site metastases were more common in the body, antrum, overlapping lesions, and unspecified GCs. Liver and other‐site metastases were also frequently observed in the fundus, pylorus, lesser curvature, and greater curvature GCs. Patients with GC with definite primary tumor sites in the SEER and validation Nanfang hospital cohorts were compared by grouping as proximal and distal GCs for further analysis. In the SEER cohort, the top three metastatic sites of proximal GC were liver (21.4%), distant lymph node (LN) (14.6%), and other‐site (mainly peritoneum, 11.9%), whereas those of distal GC were other‐site (mainly peritoneum, 19.5%), liver (11.8%), and distant LN (9.5%). The incidence of metastasis to the liver, distant LN, lung, and brain was significantly higher in patients with proximal GC than in those with distal GC in both the SEER and Nanfang cohorts (p < 0.05). However, metastasis to other‐site/peritoneum was significantly lower in patients with proximal GC compared to those with distal GC in the Nanfang Hospital and SEER cohorts, respectively (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Liver and distant LN are the preferred metastatic sites for proximal GC, whereas peritoneal metastasis is more common in distal GC. Proximal GC has a higher risk of lymphatic and hematogenous metastases, and a lower risk of transcoelomic metastasis than distal GC. Our findings highlight the need to stratify GC by its primary subsite to aid in planning and decision‐making related to metastatic management in clinical practice.
Shared decision making with Oncologists and Palliative care specialists (SOP) model help advanced pancreatic cancer patients reaching goal concordant care: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Tseng Yung‐Ling , Lin Yun‐Ching , Hsu Wan‐Ju , Kang Ya‐Chun , Su Hsin‐Yin , Cheng Shao‐Yi , Tsai Jaw‐Shiun , Chiu Tai‐Yuan , Huang Hsien‐Liang
Published: September 2023

Background

Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at a late stage with a poor prognosis due to insidious symptoms and lack of evidence‐based screening in general population. Palliative care's acceptance in Asian cultures is hindered by misconceptions and ineffective communication about management that improve quality of life other than cancer directed treatment. Our study aimed to determine the effect of the Shared decision‐making with Oncologists and Palliative care specialists (SOP) model developed from the traditional shared decision‐making (SDM) model on the palliative care acceptance rate and medical resource utilization.

Methods

This is a prospective cohort study implementing the SOP model at the National Taiwan University Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Medical resource utilization was defined and recorded as the rate of hospitalization, emergency room (ER), and intensive care unit admissions. We compared the results between two groups: patients who received the SOP model in 2019 and patients who did not receive it in 2018.

Results

137 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were included in our study. The result showed that the acceptance rate of palliative care significantly increased from 50% to 78.69% after the SOP model (p = 0.01). The hospitalization rate did not show a significant difference between 2018 (93.42%, 95% CI: 0.88–0.99) and 2019 (93.44%, 95% CI: 0.87–1.00). 83.61% (95% CI: 0.74–0.93) of our patients in 2019 had at least one ER visit; the rate was 81.5% (95% CI: 0.73–0.91) in 2018 (p = 0.28). The percentage of patients admitted to the ICU increased from 3.95% in 2018 to 8.2% (95% CI: −0.05–0.08) in 2019 (95% CI: 0.11–0.15) (p = 0.00). The hospitalization and ER visit showed no statistically difference between 2 years.

Conclusions

The modified SOP model markedly augmented palliative care's acceptance of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Adoption of the SOP model would provide these patients a more proactive and systematic approach to deliver needed healthcare.
Mental health outcomes for those who have offended and have been given a Mental Health Treatment Requirement as part of a Community Order in England and Wales
Authors: Callender Matthew , Sanna Greta Arancia , Cahalin Kathryn
Published: September 2023

Background

Growing evidence of mental disorders among people going through the criminal justice system suggests the potential benefit of courts adding a Mental Health Treatment Requirement (MHTR) when sentencing an offender to a Community Order (sentence) in England and Wales. Although available since 2003, MHTRs have not been widely used, and there is little evidence on outcomes.

Aim

To conduct the first large‐scale evaluation of mental health outcomes of people with an MHTR as part of their community sentence across multiple sites in England and Wales.

Methods

Data were collected from 14 sites in England and Wales about individuals who were given an MHTR as part of a community sentence. They were assessed before and after this. During the MHTR, they received a psychotherapeutic intervention by assistant psychologists in a primary care framework. Measures of psychological distress (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder‐7) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire) were completed before the MHTR was implemented and after completion.

Results

Where paired sample t‐tests and Wilcoxon signed ranked tests were used, with samples ranging between 309 and 447 individuals, clinically significant changes were obtained for all measures. Most individuals (63%) were identified as experiencing a reliable change in at least two out of the three scales. Finally, a negative linear relationship, between measures at the start of the intervention and reliable change, was identified with higher pre‐measures, indicating that more initial distress, anxiety and/or depression were associated with more sizeable changes.

Conclusions

This paper provides the first substantial evidence in support of the MHTR within a primary mental healthcare framework as an effective pathway to reduce mental health problems among individuals under probation supervision as part of a sentence after conviction for a criminal offence. This supports the expansion of the provision across England and Wales. Future research should take account of the non‐completers and explore the relationship between the MHTR, mental health improvements and reoffending.
Simultaneous bilateral basicervical femoral neck fractures in a patient with osteomalacia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yokogawa Kei , Nagira Keita , Yonei Toru , Otsuka Tetsuya , Hagino Hiroshi , Nagashima Hideki
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

A thin patient with a history of eating disorders developed basicervical femoral neck fracture bilaterally and simultaneously due to vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia. A careful evaluation in thin patients with thigh pain, including bone biopsy, is required to avoid overlooking osteomalacia.
Erasmus syndrome: A rare case report of silicosis and systemic sclerosis
Authors: Rauniyar Somee , Thapa Biyas , Gupta Prakash , Subedi Rupak , Baral Bishwodip
Published: September 2023

People with silicosis may develop Erasmus syndrome, a condition characterized by the emergence of systemic sclerosis (SSc) after silica exposure. This case study emphasizes the significance of understanding the connection between occupational silica exposure, silicosis, and SSc. A 24‐year‐old male stonecutter got silicosis and a form of SSc following 8 years on his job as a stonecutter. The signs and symptoms the patient experienced were Raynaud's phenomenon, cutaneous fibrosis, arthralgia, digital pitting, and respiratory distress. High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) revealed interstitial lung disease and calcified mediastinal lymph nodes. This case study demonstrates the clinical importance of the relationship between occupational silica exposure, silicosis, SSc, and Erasmus syndrome. Healthcare providers need to be aware of the possible difficulties and issues that may result from silica exposure. They should prioritize quick detection and efficient treatment plans for those who have been exposed to silica while on the job.
Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Self‐Assembling Peptide‐Functionalized Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Rozhin Petr , Adorinni Simone , Iglesias Daniel , Mackiol Tino , Kralj Slavko , Bisetto Matteo , Abrami Michela , Grassi Mario , Bevilacqua Manuela , Fornasiero Paolo , Marchesan Silvia
Published: September 2023

Carbon nanostructures (CNSs) are attractive components to attain nanocomposites, yet their hydrophobic nature and strong tendency to aggregate often limit their use in aqueous conditions and negatively impact their properties. In this work, carbon nanohorns (CNHs), multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene (G) are first oxidized, and then reacted to covalently anchor the self‐assembling tripeptide L‐Leu‐D‐Phe‐D‐Phe to improve their dispersibility in phosphate buffer, and favor the formation of hydrogels formed by the self‐organizing L‐Leu‐D‐Phe‐D‐Phe present in solution. The obtained nanocomposites are then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), oscillatory rheology, and conductivity measurements to gain useful insights as to the key factors that determine self‐healing ability for the future design of this type of nanocomposites.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Silaspiranes
Authors: Chen Hua , Hu Xuejiao , Wang Wanshu , Gao Lu , Song Zhenlei
Published: September 2023

Silaspiranes bearing a spiro‐silicon center are promising ring frameworks for the synthesis of novel spirocyclic molecules possessing unique properties. Development of efficient methods towards these ring structures has therefore attracted considerable attentions of synthetic chemists. This minireview highlights the representative advances in the field, and is categorized into four parts according to the ring formation strategies: cyclization, annulation, ring expansion and cycloaddition.
Effect of a High‐Fat Diet on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Sun Xue , Song Haojing , Liu Huan , Qiu Bo , Ding Congyang , Hu Yiting , Bai Wanjun , Dong Zhanjun
Published: September 2023

The effects of food on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of 10‐mg rivaroxaban tablets in healthy Chinese subjects were investigated from 1 bioequivalence trial. The bioequivalence trial was designed as randomized, open‐label, 2‐sequence, 4‐period crossover under both fasted and fed conditions. A total of 56 healthy subjects were enrolled, 62.5% were male. These subjects received a single oral 10‐mg dose of rivaroxaban with a 7‐day washout between 4 periods. Serial PK samples were collected and plasma concentrations were analyzed using validated high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods. The BE module of WinNonLin was used for statistical analysis of the maximum concentration (Cmax), the area under the concentration–time curve from zero to the final measurable concentration (AUC0‐t), and the area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0‐∞) of rivaroxaban in plasma. Compared with the fasted state, the Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ of rivaroxaban significantly increased by 47%, 28%, and 26%, respectively, with oral administration of rivaroxaban 10 mg in the fed state. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar between the fasted and fed states, and no serious AEs were observed. Food significantly increased the exposure to rivaroxaban 10 mg in Chinese subjects.
DeepMUI: A novel method to identify malicious users on online social network platforms
Authors: Shah Akash , Varshney Sapna , Mehrotra Monica
Published: September 2023

The use of online social network (OSN) platforms has become an essential component of contemporary society, facilitating global connectivity, and information sharing among individuals. The proliferation of malicious users has emerged as a noteworthy obstacle, exerting a detrimental effect on the authenticity of the data disseminated through these channels. A malicious profile is created with the intention of disseminating false information, manipulating perspectives, and executing harmful actions, including phishing schemes, identity theft, and the propagation of malware. Consequently, the identification of malicious users has emerged as an essential undertaking for both OSN platforms and researchers. The objective of this study is to investigate the issue of identifying malicious users on OSN platforms. The DeepMUI model has been introduced as a new approach to identifying malicious users on OSN platforms, utilizing user profile metadata‐derived characteristics. The DeepMUI architecture is composed of long short‐term memory and convolutional neural network models. Additionally, it integrates alterations to the pooling layer to improve its overall efficacy. The experiments have demonstrated that DeepMUI exhibits promising results in the task of identifying malicious users, with greater accuracy and minimal loss compared to existing methods.
Comparative Intra‐Subject Analysis of Gene Expression and Protein Abundance of Major and Minor Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Healthy Human Jejunum and Liver
Authors: Wenzel Christoph , Lapczuk‐Romanska Joanna , Malinowski Damian , Ostrowski Marek , Drozdzik Marek , Oswald Stefan
Published: September 2023

First pass metabolism by phase I and phase II enzymes in the intestines and liver is a major determinant of the oral bioavailability of many drugs. Several studies analyzed expressions of major drug‐metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), such as CYP3A4 and UGT1A1 in the human gut and liver. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding other DMEs (i.e., “minor” DMEs), although several clinically relevant drugs are affected by those enzymes. Moreover, there is very limited intra‐subject data on hepatic and intestinal expression levels of minor DMEs. To fill this gap of knowledge, we analyzed gene expression (quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction) and protein abundance (targeted proteomics) of 24 clinically relevant DMEs, that is, carboxylesterases (CES), UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGT), and cytochrome P450 (CYP)‐enzymes. We performed our analysis using jejunum and liver tissue specimens from the same 11 healthy organ donors (8 men and 3 women, aged 19–60 years). Protein amounts of all investigated DMEs, with the exception of CYP4A11, were detected in human liver samples. CES2, CYP2C18, CYP3A4, and UGT2B17 protein abundance was similar or even higher in the jejunum, and all other DMEs were found in higher amounts in the liver. Significant correlations between gene expression and protein levels were observed only for 2 of 15 jejunal, but 13 of 23 hepatic DMEs. Intestinal and hepatic protein amounts only significantly correlated for CYP3A4 and UGT1A3. Our results demonstrated a notable variability between the individuals, which was even higher in the intestines than in the liver. Our intrasubject analysis of DMEs in the jejunum and liver from healthy donors, may be useful for physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic‐based modeling and prediction in order to improve efficacy and safety of oral drug therapy.
Comparison of genomic prediction models for general combining ability in early stages of hybrid breeding programs
Authors: de Jong Guilherme , Powell Owen , Gorjanc Gregor , Hickey John M. , Gaynor R. Chris
Published: September 2023

This study evaluates the impact of genomic prediction models on selecting inbred lines as parents in hybrid breeding programs. New parents in a hybrid breeding program are typically selected from early‐stage yield trials based on general combining ability (GCA) from testcrosses. Genomic studies have largely focused on predicting hybrid performance in the late stages of the breeding pipeline and largely ignored the selection of inbred lines as parents of the subsequent breeding cycles. Here, we used stochastic simulations of a maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid breeding program for 20 years to evaluate the performance of genomic prediction models for selecting parents based on their predicted GCA. Five genomic prediction models were evaluated in terms of achieved genetic gain and heterosis under two different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker densities and the true quantitative trait loci genotypes. The results show that using high‐density SNP markers generated more genetic gain and heterosis than the low‐density SNP markers. The relative performance of genomic prediction models differed across marker scenarios. For genetic gain, we observed more differences between the models at low than high marker density. For heterosis, we observed the opposite, more differences between the models at high than low marker density. Overall, models that fitted the average or additive effects specific to each heterotic pool and dominance effects provide a better fit and hence higher genetic gain in hybrid breeding programs.
Uncovering therapeutic opportunities in the clinical development of antibody‐drug conjugates
Authors: Nieto‐Jiménez Cristina , Sanvicente Adrián , Díaz‐Tejeiro Cristina , Moreno Víctor , lopez de Sá Alfonso , Calvo Emiliano , Martínez‐López Joaquín , Pérez‐Segura Pedro , Ocaña Alberto
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) are a family of therapeutic agents that have demonstrated clinical activity in several indications.

Material and methods

In this article, we performed a deep analysis of their clinical landscape matched with public genomic human datasets from tumour antigen targets (TATs), to identify empty areas for clinical development.

Results

We observed that TATs used in haematological malignancies were more specific than the ones developed in solid cancers. Those included CD19, CD22, CD30, CD33 and CD79b. In solid tumours, we identified TATs, with approved ADCs, widely expressed in non‐explored niche indications like Enfortumab vedotin (anti‐Nectin4) in lung or cervical cancer; Tisotumab vedotin (anti‐TF) in glioblastoma or pancreatic cancer; and Sacituzumab govitecan (anti‐TROP2) in pancreatic, gastric, thyroid or endometrial cancer, among others. Similarly, niche indications for ADCs in clinical development included targets for CD71, PSMA, PTK7 or CD74, in tumours like breast, lung, stomach or colon. Some of these TATs were essential for the survival of tumour cells like CD71, PSMA and PTK7.

Conclusions

In summary, our study opens the door for further evaluation of ADCs in several indications not explored before.
An opportunistic energy‐efficient dynamic self‐configuration clustering algorithm in WSN‐based IoT networks
Authors: Tumula Sridevi , Ramadevi Y. , Padmalatha E. , Kiran Kumar G. , Venu Gopalachari M. , Abualigah Laith , Chithaluru Premkumar , Kumar Manoj
Published: September 2023

The demand for the Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly increased in the current scenario; specific sectors that require IoT include industrial automation, home control, health care applications, military and surveillance applications, habitat monitoring, and nanoscopic sensor applications. The use of optimal wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in transmission techniques has resulted in their involvement. A WSN is made up of thousands of randomly distributed sensor nodes that sense and transmit environmental data such as temperature, pressure, humidity, light, and sound. One of the most important requirements when using these sensor nodes is energy. As a result, it has become a major area of research in recent years; additionally, several design techniques and protocols have been presented in the last decade, particularly for IoT‐based applications. As a result, the systemization of an energy‐optimized WSN in dynamic functional conditions with automatic self‐configuration of sensor nodes is a critical goal. This paper proposed an opportunistic energy‐efficient dynamic self‐configuration routing (OEDSR) algorithm for IoT‐based applications. Initially, the optimal route to the base station (BS) is calculated by using the residual energy and mobility factor of the sensor nodes obtained through a routing tree model based on graph theory. To reduce the number of connections, an optimal path is determined based on dynamic cluster generation through a hierarchical tree architecture. Finally, the network‐related parameters, such as throughput, delay and packet delivery ratio (PDR), are compared with the peer existing routing protocols to depict the efficiency of the OEDSR protocol.
An ultra‐wideband dual circularly polarized slot antenna with high isolation
Authors: Chen Wei Hao , Pan Jian Wei , Wu Duo‐Long
Published: September 2023

An ultra‐wideband dual circularly polarized (CP) slot antenna with high isolation is presented. Two L‐shaped probes are on the upper layer, both a ladder strip outside and a bent strip in the center on the bottom layer. The L‐shaped probes and the ladder strip result in four impedance resonance modes, and the bent strip moderates real and imaginary impedances to achieve an ultrawide impedance bandwidth. Furthermore, two L‐shaped strips on the ladder strip make two linear polarized Modes 1 and 2 into two CP modes at the low‐ and mid‐frequency bands. Meanwhile, the bent strip combined with the L‐shaped probes creates the third CP resonance mode at the high‐frequency band. The cutting corner and bent slots on the ladder strip change the amplitude and the phase of the electric fields Ex and Ey to realize ultra‐wideband CP radiation. In addition, the port–port isolation is enhanced because the currents are concentrated on the bent strip, and the coupling current path is cut off with the bent slot. The fabricated antenna achieves a −10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 111% (1.7–5.94 GHz), a 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 101% (1.7–5.2 GHz), and a port–port isolation of better than 20 dB. Besides, our antenna obtains a high peak gain of 8.1 dBi and a lower profile of 0.004 λL, where λL is the lowest frequency wavelength of the operating bands in vacuum. These performances make the proposed design competitive for wireless communications.
Dimensional clinical phenotyping using post‐mortem brain donor medical records: post‐mortem RDoC profiling is associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology
Authors: Vogelgsang Jonathan , Dan Shu , Lally Anna P. , Chatigny Michael , Vempati Sangeetha , Abston Joshua , Durning Peter T. , Oakley Derek H. , McCoy Thomas H. , Klengel Torsten , Berretta Sabina
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Transdiagnostic dimensional phenotypes are essential to investigate the relationship between continuous symptom dimensions and pathological changes. This is a fundamental challenge to post‐mortem work, as assessments of phenotypic concepts need to rely on existing records.

Methods

We adapted well‐validated methodologies to compute National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) scores using natural language processing (NLP) from electronic health records (EHRs) obtained from post‐mortem brain donors and tested whether cognitive domain scores were associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathological measures.

Results

Our results confirm an association of EHR‐derived cognitive scores with neuropathological findings. Notably, higher neuropathological load, particularly neuritic plaques, was associated with higher cognitive burden scores in the frontal (ß = 0.38, P = 0.0004), parietal (ß = 0.35, P = 0.0008), temporal (ß = 0.37, P = 0.0004) and occipital (ß = 0.37, P = 0.0003) lobes.

Discussion

This proof‐of‐concept study supports the validity of NLP‐based methodologies to obtain quantitative measures of RDoC clinical domains from post‐mortem EHR. The associations may accelerate post‐mortem brain research beyond classical case–control designs.
Trends in the application of remote sensing in blue carbon science
Authors: Araya‐Lopez Rocio , de Paula Costa Micheli Duarte , Wartman Melissa , Macreadie Peter I.
Published: September 2023

Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), such as mangroves, saltmarshes, and seagrasses, are increasingly recognized as natural climate solutions. Evaluating the current extent, losses, and gains of BCEs is crucial to estimating greenhouse gas emissions and supporting policymaking. Remote sensing approaches are uniquely suited to assess the factors driving BCEs dynamics and their impacts at various spatial and temporal scales. Here, we explored trends in the application of remote sensing in blue carbon science. We used bibliometric analysis to assess 2193 published papers for changes in research focus over time (1990 – June 2022). Over the past three decades, publications have steadily increased, with an annual growth rate of 16.9%. Most publications focused on mangrove ecosystems and used the optical spaceborne Landsat mission, presumably due to its long‐term, open‐access archives. Recent technologies such as LiDAR, UAVs, and acoustic sensors have enabled fine‐scale mapping and monitoring of BCEs. Dominant research topics were related to mapping and monitoring natural and human impacts on BCEs, estimating vegetation and biophysical parameters, machine and deep learning algorithms, management (including conservation and restoration), and climate research. Based on corresponding author affiliations, 80 countries contributed to the field, with United States (27.2%), China (15.0%), Australia (7.5%), and India (6.0%) holding leading positions. Overall, our results reveal the need to increase research efforts for seagrasses, saltmarshes, and macroalgae, integrate technologies, increase the use of remote sensing to support carbon accounting methodologies and crediting schemes, and strengthen collaboration and resource sharing among countries. Rapid advances in remote sensing technology and decreased image acquisition and processing costs will likely enhance research and management efforts focused on BCEs.
Underground mining magnifies drought impacts in an adjacent protected raised bog
Authors: Kohv Marko , Paat Raul , Lõhmus Asko , Jõeleht Argo
Published: September 2023

Stable and high water levels are crucial for wetland ecosystems, impacting their state, vegetation and conservation. To make informed conservation decisions, it is essential to consider the full range of ecosystem‐level threats associated with artificially lowered water levels. This becomes particularly challenging when dealing with diffuse and indirect impacts, such as ombrotrophic bogs near underground mining activities that extract groundwater. In this study, we monitored water tables using automatic pressure loggers over an 11‐year period in a protected hemiboreal bog and in drained peatland surrounding it in northeastern Estonia. The bog is located within the groundwater cone of depression caused by an adjacent oil‐shale mine, approximately 60–70 m deep. By comparing monitoring points along the bog‐drained forest gradient and analysing time series data, we were able to distinguish the influences of climate and mining activities on water levels in the bog. Our findings indicate that mining activities have clear effects on deeper bedrock aquifers and the bog itself, exacerbating the impacts of recent drought events. The dynamics of the hydraulic heads at different monitoring points reveal local infiltration ‘windows’ within the bog, likely resulting from underlying fracture zones in the bedrock. Considering the escalating intensity of climate change, mires' vulnerability to these combined impacts is expected to increase. Therefore, adopting a precautionary and forward‐thinking conservation strategy is crucial when addressing ongoing or future drainage and mining activities near protected wetlands.
A fluorescent reporter model for the visualization and characterization of TDC
Authors: Fiore Alessandra , Sala Eleonora , Laura Chiara , Riba Michela , Nelli Maria , Fumagalli Valeria , Oberrauch Federico , Mangione Marta , Cristofani Claudia , Provero Paolo , Iannacone Matteo , Kuka Mirela
Published: September 2023

TDC are hematopoietic cells that combine dendritic cell (DC) and conventional T‐cell markers and functional properties. They were identified in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) of naïve mice as cells expressing CD11c, major histocompatibility molecules (MHC)‐II, and the T‐cell receptor (TCR). Despite thorough characterization, a physiological role for TDC remains to be determined. Unfortunately, using CD11c as a marker for TDC has the caveat of its upregulation on different cells, including T cells, upon activation. Here, we took advantage of Zbtb46‐GFP reporter mice to explore the frequency and localization of TDC in different tissues at steady state and upon viral infection. RNA sequencing analysis confirmed that TDC sorted from Zbtb46‐GFP mice have a gene signature that is distinct from conventional T cells and DC. In addition, this reporter model allowed for identification of TDC in situ not only in SLOs but also in the liver and lung of naïve mice. Interestingly, we found that TDC numbers in the SLOs increased upon viral infection, suggesting that TDC might play a role during viral infections. In conclusion, we propose a visualization strategy that might shed light on the physiological role of TDC in several pathological contexts, including infection and cancer.