bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real‐time daily fatigue, sleep, physical activity, and health‐related fitness in adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Verschuren Olaf , Benner Joyce L. , Balemans Astrid C. J. , Horemans Herwin , Van Den Berg‐Emons Rita Johanna G. , Van Der Slot Wilma M. A.
Published: September 2022

Aim

To explore whether subgroups of adults with cerebral palsy (CP) with different fatigue diurnal profiles can be discerned, and to explore whether sleep, physical activity, or health‐related fitness are associated with these profiles.

Method

Thirty‐two adults (median age 29 years 8 months; range 20–54 years; 11 males, 21 females) with spastic CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I–III) with physical activity‐related fatigue complaints participated. Real‐time fatigue and physical activity were assessed for 7 consecutive days by short message service text four times during the day and by wearing an accelerometer respectively. Sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and fitness by assessing body composition and aerobic capacity. Latent class growth modelling was used to classify subgroups according to their diurnal profiles of real‐time fatigue. Univariable multinomial logistic regression analysis explored whether participant characteristics, sleep, physical activity, or health‐related fitness were associated with diurnal profiles.

Results

Three distinct fatigue diurnal profiles were identified: stable low (n = 10), increasing (n = 14), and stable high (n = 8). Only aerobic capacity was associated with fatigue profiles (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.34; p = 0.05).

Interpretation

Fatigue in adults with CP may be low or high stable or may increase during the day. These findings indicate the relevance of assessing fatigue variability.

What this paper adds

We found three patterns of daily fatigue in adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

Only aerobic capacity was associated with fatigue profiles in adults with CP.

Moment‐to‐moment variations in fatigue can help with personalized fatigue management.
Neotropical bromeliads as food sources for birds: a systematic review and perspectives on the management of ecological interactions
Authors: Rocha Joedison
Published: September 2022

The loss of interactions and ecosystem functions is a concerning by‐product of pervasive Anthropocene species decline and extinction. Ecological interactions between species sustain the provision of ecosystem processes, especially those mediated by trophic relationships such as pollination and predation. At the local habitat scale, the diversity of natural food sources may increase the diversity of interactions, thus enhancing the stability of local communities and ecosystem functioning. Here I discuss the importance of bromeliads as a potential provider of additional trophic interactions with birds, a key animal group in the Neotropics. Based on 88 studies published between 1965 and 2020 across the Neotropical region, I observed that bromeliads act as ‘wildlife restaurants’ by providing an additional food source throughout the year in almost all Neotropical ecosystems for at least 162 bird species (mostly hummingbirds). These plants (both epiphytic and terrestrial forms) can provide nectar, flowers, water for drinking, invertebrates, small vertebrates, seeds, and fruits, as well as nest materials and substrates. Given these trophic relationships between bromeliads and birds, actions to restore the richness and abundance of these plants in changed habitats would potentially enhance the local diversity of birds. I discuss and recommend the use of bromeliad transplantations as a relevant conservation tool for birds and some implications for the maintenance of species and interaction diversity in natural and agricultural habitats.
Polymer‐derived β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors
Authors: Gao Yang , Iihama Junya , Hamana Daiki , Iwasaki Ryo , Honda Sawao , Asaka Toru , Kumari Munni , Hayakawa Tomokatsu , Bernard Samuel , Thomas Philippe , Iwamoto Yuji
Published: September 2022

A series of β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors were synthesized from single‐source precursors, perhydropolysilazane chemically modified with Al(OCH(CH3)2)3, AlCl3, and EuCl2. The single‐source precursors were converted to β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors by pyrolysis under flowing N2 or NH3 at 1000°C, followed by heat treatment at 1800°C under an N2 gas pressure at 980 kPa. By varying the molar ratio of the chemical modifiers, β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ with the compositions close to the theoretical ones expressed as Si6−zAlzOz−2yN8−z+2y:yEu2+ were synthesized, where the z values and Eu2+ contents were controlled in the ranges of .44–.78 and .35–1.48 mol%, respectively. The polymer‐derived β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors exhibited green emission under excitation at 460 nm attributed to the 4f7–4f6(7f3)5d1 transition of dopant Eu2+. High‐angle annular dark‐field‐scanning transmission microscopy analysis confirmed that the doped‐Eu2+ existed interstitially within the channels along the c axis of host β‐SiAlON. Compared with the conventional powder metallurgy route, the polymer‐derived ceramic route in this study offers some advantages in the grain growth of host β‐SiAlON and photoluminescence properties in terms of green emission intensity under excitation at 460 nm, and the highest intensity was achieved for the polymer‐derived β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ with z = .64 and .37 mol% Eu2+.
With complements: C3 inhibition in the clinic
Authors: Kolev Martin , Barbour Tara , Baver Scott , Francois Cedric , Deschatelets Pascal
Published: September 2022

C3 is a key complement protein, located at the nexus of all complement activation pathways. Extracellular, tissue, cell‐derived, and intracellular C3 plays critical roles in the immune response that is dysregulated in many diseases, making it an attractive therapeutic target. However, challenges such as very high concentration in blood, increased acute expression, and the elevated risk of infections have historically posed significant challenges in the development of C3‐targeted therapeutics. This is further complicated because C3 activation fragments and their receptors trigger a complex network of downstream effects; therefore, a clear understanding of these is needed to provide context for a better understanding of the mechanism of action (MoA) of C3 inhibitors, such as pegcetacoplan. Because of C3's differential upstream position to C5 in the complement cascade, there are mechanistic differences between pegcetacoplan and eculizumab that determine their efficacy in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. In this review, we compare the MoA of pegcetacoplan and eculizumab in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and discuss the complement‐mediated disease that might be amenable to C3 inhibition. We further discuss the current state and outlook for C3‐targeted therapeutics and provide our perspective on which diseases might be the next success stories in the C3 therapeutics journey.
Field strength effect on structure, hardness, and crack resistance in single modifier aluminoborosilicate glasses
Authors: Fry Aubrey L. , George Christy , Slagle Ian , Hawbaker Harry , Feller Steve , Kim Seong H. , Mauro John C.
Published: September 2022

Although the interactions among glass formers and modifiers, for example, connectivity and charge distribution, have been studied extensively in oxide glasses, the impact of a particular modifier species on the mechanical performance of aluminoborosilicate (ABS) glasses is not well understood. This work compares the indentation properties of six ABS glasses, each of which contains a different network modifier (NWM) with varying field strength (FS). Three alkali and three alkaline earth ABS glasses were designed with low NWM content and [NWM] ≈ [Al2O3], to test the modifier FS effect at low concentrations and to maximize three‐coordinated boron. It has been found that both hardness and crack resistance increase with increasing FS in these ABS systems, which is surprising in the context of historical reports. Using 11B, 27Al, and 29Si solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, this work provides evidence of how charge distributions differ as a function of NWM species, and how this relates to the observed indentation behaviors.
Effect of pressure on mechanical and optical properties of ThO2 and PuO2
Authors: Singh Shilpa , Sonvane Yogesh , Nekrasov Kiril A. , Kupryazhkin Anatoliy Ya. , Gajjar Pankaj N. , Gupta Sanjeev K.
Published: September 2022

We have used DFT + U with spin–orbit coupling to understand the effect of pressure on the mechanical and optical properties of ThO2 and PuO2. Both the compounds are mechanically stable in a cubic and an orthorhombic structure. The cubic AnO2 has higher elastic constants and Bader charges on each atom than the orthorhombic AnO2. With an increase in pressure on cubic AnO2, elastic modulus increases for both the structures. Bader charge on AnO2 and magnetic moment of PuO2 decrease with an increase in pressure for cubic structure. The static refractive index and static dielectric function are higher for PuO2 in both the cubic and orthorhombic structures as compared to that in ThO2. The mechanical and optical properties drawn comply with the experimental outcomes.
The EU and Third Countries: Consequences for Democracy and the Political Order
Authors: Fossum John Erik
Published: September 2022

This article discusses the democratic implications of third country incorporation for the EU and for third countries. The more the EU transforms sovereignty in an open and inclusive manner, the greater the scope for third country presence, participation and influence. For the EU, the greater the presence and influence of third countries, the more pressing the democratic incongruence. For third countries, the better included and the more they participate, the less incongruent their affiliation, and the more similar to members they become. These considerations depend on how the EU structures its relations with third countries and the nature of the EU's political order. It is in the EU's internal market and flanking areas that the pooling and sharing of sovereignty is the most pronounced. The conundrum facing third countries and the EU is that the internal market is central to the EU's constitution as a political system.
Melanoma‐specific survival before and after inclusion in a familial melanoma dermatologic surveillance program in CDKN2A mutation carriers and non‐carriers
Authors: Pissa Maria , Lapins Jan , Sköldmark Christina , Helgadottir Hildur
Published: September 2022

Background

Inherited mutations in the CDKN2A gene are among the strongest known risk factors for cutaneous melanoma. Further, previous studies have reported inferior melanoma‐specific survival in CDKN2A mutation carriers.

Objectives

Here, the melanoma‐specific survival was studied, depending on CDKN2A carrier status and if the melanomas had been diagnosed before or after families were included in a surveillance program.

Methods

Melanoma‐prone families participating in this study were identified through a nationwide preventive program starting in 1987. Information on melanoma tumours and deaths was obtained through the Swedish Cancer Registry and Cause of Death Registry. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess melanoma‐specific survival in four defined cohorts, CDKN2A mutation (MUT) carriers with first invasive melanoma before or after inclusion [MUT‐pre (n = 53) and MUT‐post (n = 43)] and likewise in CDKN2A wild type (WT) cases [WT‐pre (n = 255) and WT‐post (n = 122)].

Results

The MUT‐pre and MUT‐post cases were diagnosed with their first invasive melanoma at a significantly younger ages (38 and 42 years, respectively) than the WT‐pre and WT‐post cases (48 and 57 years, respectively). The melanomas in the MUT‐pre had significantly higher T stage compared with MUT‐post (p = 0.006), whereas no such difference was seen comparing WT‐pre with WT‐post (p = 0.849). MUT‐pre had compared with WT‐pre, significantly worse melanoma‐specific survival, unadjusted (HR 2.33, 95% CI 1.33–4.08, p = 0.003) adjusted (HR 2.70, 95% CI 1.46–5.00, p = 0.001). However, the MUT‐post cases had compared with the WT‐post cases, no significant survival differences.

Conclusion

This study is the first to address the impact on survival from introducing a dermatologic surveillance program to familial melanoma cases with or without CDKN2A mutations. The CDKN2A‐mut carriers appeared to have a clear benefit with less advanced melanomas diagnosed and better melanoma‐specific survival after inclusion. Among the CDKN2A‐wt cases, the effect of the inclusion on the studied outcomes was less evident.
Real‐life effectiveness of tildrakizumab in chronic plaque psoriasis: A 52‐week multicentre retrospective study—IL PSO (Italian landscape psoriasis)
Authors: Narcisi Alessandra , Valenti Mario , Gargiulo Luigi , Ibba Luciano , Amoruso Fabrizio , Argenziano Giuseppe , Bardazzi Federico , Burlando Martina , Carrera Carlo Giovanni , Damiani Giovanni , Dapavo Paolo , Dini Valentina , Franchi Chiara , Girolomoni Giampiero , Guarneri Claudio , Loconsole Francesco , Sampogna Francesca , Travaglini Massimo , Malagoli Piergiorgio , Costanzo Antonio
Published: September 2022

Background

Tildrakizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds selectively the p19 subunit of interleukin‐23. It is approved for treatment of moderate–severe chronic plaque psoriasis.

Objectives

We conducted a 52‐week retrospective study to assess the effectiveness and safety of tildrakizumab in a real‐life setting.

Methods

Our retrospective study included 237 consecutive adults with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis, enrolled in 10 different Italian centres, treated with tildrakizumab up to Week 52. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, previous treatments and the PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) score at each visit (baseline, Week 16, Week 28 and Week 52) were retrieved from the electronic medical records. The percentages of patients achieving 75%, 90% and 100% (PASI 75, PASI 90 and PASI 100) improvement in PASI with respect to baseline PASI were registered.

Results

At Week 52, 90.91%, 73.55% and 58.68% of patients achieved a PASI reduction ≥75% (PASI 75), PASI 90 and PASI 100, respectively. An absolute PASI ≤ 2 was reached by 85.95% at Week 52. Compared with Phase 3 clinical trials, we observed similar rates of PASI 75/90 responses and higher percentages of patients achieving PASI 100. Patients who had not responded to previous biologic treatments and patients with cardio‐metabolic comorbidities were significantly more likely to achieve PASI 100 at Week 28 and PASI 90 at Week 52. The higher body mass index did not interfere with the odds of reaching PASI 75/90/100 at each time point. No significant safety findings were recorded throughout the study, and none of the patients had to interrupt the treatment because of adverse events.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that the efficacy of tildrakizumab for plaque psoriasis in ‘real‐life’ clinical practice is comparable with Phase 3 clinical trials with higher percentages of patients achieving complete skin clearance (PASI 100) at Weeks 16, 28 and 52.
Empathy and shame through critical phenomenology: The limits and possibilities of affective work and the case of COVID‐19 vaccinations
Authors: Golafshani Maryam
Published: September 2022

This paper begins by developing the critical phenomenologies of shame and empathy. It rejects that empathy is the supposed antidote to shame, and rather demonstrates the ways in which they function in parallel. The author contends that both shame and indeed empathy risk objectifying and fetishizing the other who is being shamed or empathized with. This argument and phenomenology about the relationship between shame and empathy is then applied and further developed through a case study of COVID‐19 vaccinations. The author explores whether empathy and shame ever “work” to increase vaccine uptake, and ultimately argues that both affects do and do not depending on the structures of power informing the specific context.
Economic evaluation of a medical ambulatory care service using a single group interrupted time‐series design
Authors: Pincombe Aubyn , Schultz Timothy J. , Hofmann Dirk , Karnon Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Rationale

Increasing demand for hospital services can lead to overcrowding and delays in treatment, poorer outcomes and a high cost‐burden. The medical ambulatory care service (MACS) provides out of hospital patient care, including diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for patients that require urgent attention, but which can be safely administered in the ambulatory environment. The programme is yet to be rigorously evaluated.

Aims/Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the MACS programme on emergency department (ED) presentations, hospital admissions, length‐of‐stay and health service costs from a health system perspective.

Method

We used a single group interrupted time series methodology with a multiple baseline approach to analyse the impact of the MACS clinic on ED presentations, hospital admissions, length‐of‐stay and cost outcomes for general practitioners (GP)‐referred, ED‐referred and ward‐referred patients under two counterfactual scenarios: an increasing trend in health utilization based on preperiod predictions or a stabilization of utilization rates.

Results

The time trend of hospital utilization differed after attending MACS for all three referral groups. The time trend for the GP‐referred group declined significantly by 0.36 ED presentations per 100 patients per 30 days [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.52 to −0.2], while inpatient length of stay declined significantly by 1.56 and 3.70 days, respectively, per 100 ED‐referred and ward‐referred patients per 30 days (95% CI: −2.51 to −0.57 and −5.71 to −1.69, respectively). Under two different counterfactual scenarios, the predicted net savings for MACS across three patient groups were $78,685 (95% CI: $54,807−$102,563) and $547,639 (95% CI: $503,990−$591,287) per 100 patients over 18 months.

Conclusion

MACS was found to be cost‐effective for GP and ward‐referred groups, but the expected impact for ED‐referred patients is sensitive to assumptions. Expansion of the service for GP‐referred patients is expected to reduce hospitalizations the most and generate the largest net cost savings.
Contrasting riverine distribution and habitat use of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, and the giant mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata, in a sympatric river
Authors: Matsushige Kazuki , Yasutake Yoshiya , Mochioka Noritaka
Published: September 2022

Electrofishing and visual observations revealed contrasting riverine distribution and habitat use of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, and the giant mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata, in a relatively gentle‐slope river of Southern Kyushu, Japan. A. japonica was distributed in the lower and upper reaches. A. marmorata inhabited the middle reaches with relatively fast water velocity, heterogeneous water depth, coarse substrata and no adjacent paddy fields. This may have important conservation implications because a decrease in environmental diversity and/or river connectivity could result in the disappearance of A. marmorata habitats.
Simultaneous optimization for the elaboration of a low‐fat panettone with wheat and quinoa flour
Authors: Huánuco‐Azabache Elissa , Melgarejo‐Cabello Silvia , Vidaurre‐Ruiz Julio , Repo‐Carrasco‐Valencia Ritva
Published: September 2022

This research aimed to elaborate a panettone with wheat flour and quinoa flour. Using the response surface methodology (RSM), the effect of quinoa flour (10% and 30%), powder gluten (2% and 4.8%), lecithin (0.2% and 0.5%), and water (35% and 50%) was studied through the application of a factorial design 24 that allowed to identify that lecithin was a non‐significant factor (p > 0.05). A central composite rotational design (CCRD) was used to get polynomial models of second order, for the variable responses: specific volume, toughness, cohesiveness, and gumminess, which were simultaneously optimized, based on the maximization of desirability functions (0.94). The optimal formulation contained 26.23% quinoa flour, 4.8% gluten, and 50% water and stood out for its low‐fat content: 7.6%. With the optimized formulation, it is possible to produce panettones with a significant percentage of quinoa flour. Thus, this formulation becomes an alternative for the elaboration of low‐fat and nutritious products.

Novelty impact statement

An optimal formulation of panettone with a lower fat content (7.6%) was obtained using the response surface methodology (SRM), where the relevant response variables were simultaneously optimized according to the maximization of the desirability function (0.94).
Anti‐browning active packaging: A review on delivery mechanism, mode of action, and compatibility with biodegradable polymers
Authors: Siew Zhi Zhou , Chan Eric Wei Chiang , Wong Chen Wai
Published: September 2022

Fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables are still an active area of study despite being a staple of food outlets offering minimally processed foods. These minimally processed foods often have a short shelf life due to enzymatic browning. Active packaging is of current interest as it offers an efficient method to deliver polyphenol oxidase inhibitors onto the surface of foods to suppress browning. Inhibitors incorporated into active packaging can transfer to the food surface either direct or indirect contact of active packaging to food surface. Given that food packaging is often single use, the application of biodegradable polymers in active packaging is very attractive but their compatibility is still being studied. This review would present the determinants for compatibility between inhibitors and packaging matrix and their application to different food types. The review would also feature some novel solutions to enhance the compatibility and performance of anti‐browning active packaging.

Novelty impact statement

Active packaging is a novel technology that interacts with food to prolong the food quality to a greater extent including browning inhibition. The choice of packaging polymer and browning inhibitor could affect the efficiency of active packaging to deliver browning inhibition action. This review summarized the compatibility between the packaging polymer and browning inhibitor and the releasing mechanism of the browning inhibitor integrated in the active packaging to the food surface. These could aid the food manufacturers to develop an effective enzymatic browning inhibition‐based active packaging in the future.
Enhancement of biofunctional properties, sensory attributes, and shelf life of flatbread by incorporating red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Kaur Akashdeep , Aggarwal Poonam , Kaur Navjot , Kaur Sukhpreet
Published: September 2022

The present study aimed at developing a process to prepare flatbread by incorporating red bell pepper in the form of pulp, paste, and powder with extended shelf life and an improved phytonutritional profile. Both red bell pepper fresh pulp and paste were incorporated in flatbread at three different levels, that is, 10%, 15%, and 20%, while powder was supplemented at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (w/w) levels. Red bell pepper incorporation, irrespective of the forms, significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the physical, nutritional, phytochemical, and sensory attributes of flatbread when compared to refined wheat flour flatbread (control). Based on preliminary sensory trials, flatbreads enriched with 1.5% red bell pepper powder and pulp as well as paste, both at 20% levels of supplementation, were found to be the most acceptable. Storage studies (at 25 ± 2°C/50%–88% RH) revealed that the physicochemical parameters of flatbreads remained unaffected except for moisture which significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in phytochemical parameters and antioxidant activities was observed. The enriched flatbreads were microbiologically safe with shelf stability of 3 days without the use of any chemical preservative.

Novelty impact statement

Incorporation of red bell pepper in different forms (pulp, paste, and powder) significantly improved the phytonutritional profile and sensory attributes of flatbread. The developed product showed better shelf stability compared to the control (refined flour flatbread). Present research may be helpful in coping with the seasonal availability of the perishable crop.
Recombinant lectin Gg for brain imaging of glycan structure and formation in the CNS node of Ranvier
Authors: Tulin Ea Kristine Clarisse , Yoshimura Takeshi , Nakazawa Chiaki , Saito Shion , Kanai Kyoko , Kozono Takuma , Nakakita Shin‐ichi , Tonozuka Takashi , Ikenaka Kazuhiro , Nishikawa Atsushi
Published: September 2022

The nodes of Ranvier are unmyelinated gaps in the axon, important for the efficient transmission of action potentials. Despite the identification of several glycoproteins involved in node formation and maintenance, glycans' structure and formation in the node remain unclear. Previously, we developed a recombinant lectin from the Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin complex, specific to the galactose and N‐acetylgalactosamine terminal epitopes (Gg). Gg stained Neuro2a cells. Here, we show Gg punctuate staining in mouse brain cryosections. Thus, we hypothesized that Gg could help study glycans in the node of Ranvier. Lectin histochemistry on mouse brain cryosections confirmed that Gg binds specifically to the node of Ranvier in the central nervous system (CNS). Using a combination of lectin blotting, glycosidase treatment on tissue sections, and lectin histochemistry, Gg ligands were identified as α‐galactose terminal glycoproteins in the perinodal extracellular matrix. Furthermore, we detected the spatiotemporal distribution of galactosylated glycans in the CNS node of Ranvier in mouse brain tissues at different postnatal times. Finally, we observed impaired clustering of galactosylated glycans in the nodes during demyelination and remyelination in cuprizone‐induced demyelination and remyelination mouse model. In conclusion, Gg can serve as a novel brain imaging tool in glycobiology and report glycoprotein formation and alterations in the CNS node of Ranvier. Our findings might serve as a first step to establish the role of glycans in the node of Ranvier.

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Resilience of primal world beliefs to the initial shock of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ludwig Vera U. , Crone Damien L. , Clifton Jeremy D. W. , Rebele Reb W. , Schor Jordyn A. , Platt Michael L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

People hold general beliefs about the world called primals (e.g., the world is Safe, Intentional), which are strongly linked to individual differences in personality, behavior, and mental health. How such beliefs form or change across the lifespan is largely unknown, although theory suggests that beliefs become more negative after disruptive events. The COVID‐19 pandemic provided an opportunity to test whether dramatic world changes and personal adversity affect beliefs.

Method

In a longitudinal, quasi‐experimental, pre‐registered design, 529 US participants (51% female, 76% White) provided ratings of primals before and several months after pandemic onset, and information about personal adversity (e.g., losing family, financial hardship). Data were compared to 398 participants without experience of the pandemic.

Results

The average person in our sample showed no change in 23 of the 26 primals, including Safe, in response to the early pandemic, and only saw the world as slightly less Alive, Interactive, and Acceptable. Higher adversity, however, was associated with slight declines in some beliefs. One limitation is that participants were exclusively American.

Conclusion

Primals were remarkably stable during the initial shock wrought by a once‐in‐a‐century pandemic, supporting a view of primals as stable lenses through which people interpret the world.
Changes in serum omega fatty acids on a Mediterranean diet intervention in patients with gingivitis: An exploratory study
Authors: Bartha Valentin , Exner Lea , Basrai Maryam , Bischoff Stephan C. , Schweikert Daniela , Adolph Michael , Bruckner Thomas , Grueninger Dirk , Klein Daniel , Meller Christian , Woelber Johan Peter , Wolff Diana
Published: September 2022

Background

Omega‐6 and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are precursors of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory lipid mediators. Serum PUFA levels could influence the severity of inflammatory oral diseases, such as gingivitis.

Objective

The study analyzed serum PUFA levels in a six‐week randomized controlled trial in individuals on the Mediterranean diet (MedD), associations with the intake of specific foods, and possible correlations with oral inflammatory parameters.

Methods

Data from 37 study participants on either a MedD (MedDG; n = 18) or a “Western diet” in the control group (CG, n = 19) were analyzed. Dental examinations and serum analyses were performed at two time points, T1 (baseline) and T2 (week 6). Serum PUFA status, adherence to the MedD, and data from a Food Frequency Questionnaire were analyzed.

Results

Within the MedDG omega‐6 fatty acid levels decreased significantly. In the overall sample, the proportional decrease in sites with bleeding on probing correlated weakly to moderately with the decrease in total omega‐6 fatty acid level (Spearman's ρ = 0.274) and the decrease in gingival index correlated moderately with the decrease in linoleic acid level (Spearman's ρ = 0.351). Meat and fast‐food consumption correlated positively with levels of various omega‐6 fatty acids, whereas nut, fish, and dairy product consumption correlated positively with omega‐3 levels.

Conclusion

Adherence to a MedD was associated with a decrease in serum omega‐6 levels, which positively affected the omega‐6/omega‐3 ratio. The MedD associated reduction in serum omega‐6 levels may be a mechanism that favorably affects gingival inflammatory parameters.
Polychaetes and fish in a tropical bay in southeastern Brazil: Community concordance and influence of environmental variables
Authors: Gomes‐Gonçalves Rafaela de Sousa , Miranda Vinícius da Rocha , Freitas Leonardo Almeida , Araújo Francisco Gerson
Published: September 2022

The distribution of species depends on the relationship with other species and the influence of abiotic factors, modulated by long‐term evolutionary and biogeographic processes. Polychaetes and fish are important components of the biota that inhabit estuarine systems, coexisting in various habitats, although the relationship between these groups and their responses to environmental variables is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the concordance between fish and polychaete communities in three zones (inner, middle, and outer) of a tropical bay and to determine environmental influences on these communities. The raised hypothesis is that benthic fish is associated with polychaetes and that these taxonomic groups respond differently to environmental conditions. Environmental characteristics were the main drivers determining the occurrence of fish species and polychaetes families; however, no consistent relationship was observed between fish and polychaetes. Sediment granulometry seems to be an essential driver in determining polychaetes and fish distribution while turbidity and phosphorus were also important for fish. The three zones differed in both water physicochemical and sediment (nutrients and granulometry) variables, which determined their uses by different fish and polychaetes species. Only one fish species, the gerreid Eucinostomus argenteus showed a weak but significant association with the Goniadidae and Spionidae polychaetes, which may be associated with similar environmental preferences of both taxa. The lack of a consistent relationship between benthic fish and their likely invertebrate prey may be associated with the small spatial scale of this study and the early fish life stages. Most fish in shallow coastal areas are still in their early life, feeding mainly on polychaetes and other benthic macroinvertebrates, and as the area is shallow, planktonic organisms may be included in their diet, thus relieving predation pressure on benthic organisms. These findings are important to unveil relationships among different taxonomical groups and their environment.
Transcriptional regulation underlying the temperature response of embryonic development rate in the winter moth
Authors: van Dis Natalie E. , Risse Judith E. , Pijl Agata S. , Hut Roelof A. , Visser Marcel E. , Wertheim Bregje
Published: September 2022

Climate change will strongly affect the developmental timing of insects, as their development rate depends largely on ambient temperature. However, we know little about the genetic mechanisms underlying the temperature sensitivity of embryonic development in insects. We investigated embryonic development rate in the winter moth (Operophtera brumata), a species with egg dormancy which has been under selection due to climate change. We used RNA sequencing to investigate which genes are involved in the regulation of winter moth embryonic development rate in response to temperature. Over the course of development, we sampled eggs before and after an experimental change in ambient temperature, including two early development weeks when the temperature sensitivity of eggs is low and two late development weeks when temperature sensitivity is high. We found temperature‐responsive genes that responded in a similar way across development, as well as genes with a temperature response specific to a particular development week. Moreover, we identified genes whose temperature effect size changed around the switch in temperature sensitivity of development rate. Interesting candidate genes for regulating the temperature sensitivity of egg development rate included genes involved in histone modification, hormonal signalling, nervous system development and circadian clock genes. The diverse sets of temperature‐responsive genes we found here indicate that there are many potential targets of selection to change the temperature sensitivity of embryonic development rate. Identifying for which of these genes there is genetic variation in wild insect populations will give insight into their adaptive potential in the face of climate change.
MdZAT5 regulates drought tolerance via mediating accumulation of drought‐responsive miRNAs and mRNAs in apple
Authors: Bao Chana , Qin Gege , Cao Fuguo , He Jieqiang , Shen Xiaoxia , Chen Pengxiang , Niu Chundong , Zhang Dehui , Ren Tianyu , Zhi Fang , Ma Lei , Ma Fengwang , Guan Qingmei
Published: September 2022

Drought limits apple yield and fruit quality. However, the molecular mechanism of apple in response to drought is not well known. Here, we report a Cys2/His2 (C2H2)‐type zinc‐finger protein, MdZAT5, that positively regulates apple drought tolerance by regulating drought‐responsive RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs).

DNA affinity purification and sequencing and yeast‐one hybrid analysis identified the binding motifs of MdZAT5, T/ACACT/AC/A/G. Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP‐qPCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) showed that MdZAT5 directly binds to the promoters of the drought‐responsive genes including MdRHA2a, MdLEA14, MdTPX1, and MdCAT3, and activates their expression under drought stress.

MdZAT5 interacts with and directly targets HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (MdHYL1). MdZAT5 may facilitate the interaction of MdHYL1 with pri‐miRNAs or MdDCL1 by activating MdHYL1 expression, thereby regulating the biogenesis of drought‐responsive miRNAs. Genetic dissection showed that MdHYL1 is essential for MdZAT5‐mediated drought tolerance and miRNA biogenesis. In addition, ChIP‐qPCR and EMSA revealed that MdZAT5 binds directly to the promoters of some MIR genes including Mdm‐miR171i and Mdm‐miR172c, and modulates their transcription.

Taken together, our findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drought response in apple and provide a candidate gene for the breeding of drought‐tolerant cultivars.
What are the reasons for abandonment of low vision devices prescribed in a large tertiary eye care centre?
Authors: Gothwal Vijaya K. , Sharma Sujata
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To investigate abandonment rates of near‐vision low vision devices (LVDs) and factors that influence abandonment among patients attending a tertiary low vision rehabilitation centre in South India.

Methods

Two hundred and eighty‐six adults with low vision completed the modified device abandonment survey 1 year following device prescription. The survey included six questions: possession of device, timing of last use, reasons for abandonment, tasks for which the device was used, payment type and change in quality of life (QoL) from device use. The primary outcome measure was abandonment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors for abandonment.

Results

Three hundred and twelve near‐vision devices were prescribed (mean, 1.09 device per patient.) Stand magnifiers (35%) followed by hand‐held magnifiers (24%) were most frequently prescribed. Mean logMAR visual acuity (Snellen) in the better‐seeing eye was 0.80 (6/38). Of the prescribed near‐vision devices, 22% (95% CI, 17 to 27) were abandoned. Patients who abandoned the device were significantly older than those who did not (49.3 ± 17.2 vs. 43.5 ± 18.1 years; p = 0.03). In multivariable analysis, patients reporting no change in their QoL from device use had higher odds of abandoning the device (OR: 63.97; 95% CI, 23.77 to 172.12). Device‐related (31%) and psychological (30%) factors were the most frequent reasons for abandonment. Among device‐related issues, the most frequent reason was that patients felt the device was too complex to use (50%) followed by being too cumbersome to use (25%).

Conclusion

The abandonment rate for near‐vision LVDs in South India was comparable with that reported in high‐income countries. Patients reporting no change in their QoL had a higher likelihood of abandoning the device compared with those who reported some change. Device‐related and psychological factors were the most frequent reasons for abandonment. These results can be used to develop strategies to improve compliance with use of devices.
Structural and mechanistic insights into the precise product synthesis by a bifunctional miltiradiene synthase
Authors: Tong Yuru , Ma Xiaoli , Hu Tianyuan , Chen Kang , Cui Guanghong , Su Ping , Xu Haifeng , Gao Wei , Jiang Tao , Huang Luqi
Published: September 2022

Selaginella moellendorffii miltiradiene synthase (SmMDS) is a unique bifunctional diterpene synthase (diTPS) that catalyses the successive cyclization of (E,E,E)‐geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) via (+)‐copalyl diphosphate (CPP) to miltiradiene, which is a crucial precursor of important medicinal compounds, such as triptolide, ecabet sodium and carnosol. Miltiradiene synthetic processes have been studied in monofunctional diTPSs, while the precise mechanism by which active site amino acids determine product simplicity and the experimental evidence for reaction intermediates remain elusive. In addition, how bifunctional diTPSs work compared to monofunctional enzymes is attractive for detailed research. Here, by mutagenesis studies of SmMDS, we confirmed that pimar‐15‐en‐8‐yl+ is an intermediate in miltiradiene synthesis. Moreover, we determined the apo‐state and the GGPP‐bound state crystal structures of SmMDS. By structure analysis and mutagenesis experiments, possible contributions of key residues both in class I and II active sites were suggested. Based on the structural and functional analyses, we confirmed the copal‐15‐yl+ intermediate and unveiled more details of the catalysis process in the SmMDS class I active site. Moreover, the structural and experimental results suggest an internal channel for (+)‐CPP produced in the class II active site moving towards the class I active site. Our research is a good example for intermediate identification of diTPSs and provides new insights into the product specificity determinants and intermediate transport, which should greatly facilitate the precise controlled synthesis of various diterpenes.
Metabolic engineering of p‐hydroxybenzoate in poplar lignin
Authors: Mottiar Yaseen , Karlen Steven D. , Goacher Robyn E. , Ralph John , Mansfield Shawn D.
Published: September 2022

Ester‐linked p‐hydroxybenzoate occurs naturally in poplar lignin as pendent groups that can be released by mild alkaline hydrolysis. These ‘clip‐off’ phenolics can be separated from biomass and upgraded into diverse high‐value bioproducts. We introduced a bacterial chorismate pyruvate lyase gene into transgenic poplar trees with the aim of producing more p‐hydroxybenzoate from chorismate, itself a metabolic precursor to lignin. By driving heterologous expression specifically in the plastids of cells undergoing secondary wall formation, this strategy achieved a 50% increase in cell‐wall‐bound p‐hydroxybenzoate in mature wood and nearly 10 times more in developing xylem relative to control trees. Comparable amounts also remained as soluble p‐hydroxybenzoate‐containing xylem metabolites, pointing to even greater engineering potential. Mass spectrometry imaging showed that the elevated p‐hydroxybenzoylation was largely restricted to the cell walls of fibres. Finally, transgenic lines outperformed control trees in assays of saccharification potential. This study highlights the biotech potential of cell‐wall‐bound phenolate esters and demonstrates the importance of substrate supply in lignin engineering.
Attachment, loneliness, and social connection as prospective predictors of suicidal ideation during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A relational diathesis‐stress experience sampling study
Authors: Lewis Katie C. , Roche Michael J. , Brown Fiona , Tillman Jane G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Concerns about the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health have led to efforts to understand how pandemic‐specific factors, such as decreased social contact during periods of social distancing, may relate to suicide risk. The present study evaluated personality‐based risk factors and frequency of social contact as prospective predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) during the pandemic.

Methods

We tested a relational diathesis‐stress model of suicide focusing on insecure attachment, trait loneliness, and social contact as predictors of SI, using twice‐weekly survey data collected via smartphone from a community sample (n = 184) over 8 weeks.

Results

Multilevel modeling showed that both trait loneliness and anxious attachment predicted the prospective development of SI during the study period. Reduced in‐person contact, but not remote contact, was proximally associated with increased SI. Participants with high attachment avoidance were more likely to develop SI in the context of reduced daily in‐person contact compared to participants without these traits.

Conclusion

Findings support a relational diathesis‐stress model of suicide risk during the pandemic, showing that dispositional traits related to emotional connection with others predicted the relative salience of reduced social contact as a proximal risk factor for SI.
Trajectories of team and individual sports participation in childhood and links with internalizing problems
Authors: White‐Gosselin Charles‐Étienne , Poulin François , Denault Anne‐Sophie
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this 5‐year longitudinal study is to identify trajectories of team and individual sports participation in childhood, and to compare these trajectories on different types of internalizing problems. Parents reported their children's annual sports participation from the ages of 6–10 (n = 785) and teachers reported internalizing problems (depression, anxiety, social withdrawal) at the beginning and at the end of this period. The study used latent class growth analyses to identify two trajectories of team sports and two trajectories of individual sports participation were identified: (1) high participation, and (2) low participation. Considering baseline level of internalizing problems and gender, children in the high participation team sports trajectory show significantly fewer depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal behaviors at age 10 than those in the low participation team sports trajectory. No differences between individual sports trajectories were observed. Comparison with joint trajectory groups partially confirmed these results but also showed that sustained participation in multiple individual sports could also be linked to decreased anxiety. Our findings suggest that participation in team sports should be encouraged to promote certain aspects of children's mental health.
Single‐incision drilling technique to achieve hemiepiphysiodesis of the distal metacarpus – complications and outcome in 207 foals with metacarpophalangeal varus deformities
Authors: Boorman Sophie , Rodgerson Dwayne H.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To report the outcome of foals treated for metacarpophalangeal varus deformity with a single‐incision drilling technique for hemiepiphysiodesis of the distal lateral metacarpal physis.

Study design

Retrospective case–control cohort study.

Animals

Thoroughbred foals (n= 207), 171 age‐ and sex‐matched maternal siblings.

Methods

Medical records (2017‐2020) were reviewed for signalment, limb(s) treated, location of the surgery, and any reported complications. Follow‐up radiographs obtained for the yearling sale were assessed for abnormalities. Horses were matched to maternal siblings using an online database. Sales and racing performance data were compared between cohorts.

Results

The average age at the time of surgery was 97 days. The treated limb was the left front in 52, right front in 31, both fronts in 119, unknown in 5. Three horses developed calcinosis circumscripta lesions adjacent to the physis, which were removed successfully. No radiographic abnormalities associated with the surgery site were detected on yearling prepurchase radiographs. There were no differences in sales and racing performance data between treated horses and maternal controls.

Conclusion

Hemiepiphysiodesis is a safe and effective treatment for metacarpophalangeal varus deformities in foals. No negative effect on sales or racing performance was identified.

Clinical significance

This technique avoids risks, costs, and the need for second surgery associated with an orthopedic implant. The surgeon should be aware of the potential for development of a calcinosis circumscripta lesion with this technique.