bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Youth entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan: concept, problems and solutions
Authors: Aitzhanova D.N , Begentayev М.М. , Kunyazova S.К. , Titkov А.А.
Published: January 2024

Object: The inclusion of the younger generation in entrepreneurial activities is one of the solutions to the problem of employment, especially aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the importance of the development of youth entrepreneurship for the processes of innovative transformation of the economy, as well as the relevance of managing the process of social adaptation of young people, involving them in creative activities and providing opportunities for maximum personal self realization, it can be argued that the mechanism for supporting and developing youth entrepreneurship is a central element in solving social and economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of youth unemployment in order to determine the variable forms and types of youth entrepreneurship aimed at solving the problems of youth employment.Methods: The collected theoretical and practical data on the cause-and-effect factors of the functioning of youth entrepreneurship were analyzed using the methods of system analysis, structuring information, building hypotheses and polling.Findings: On the basis of scientific approaches to understanding the structural elements of youth, the conceptual essence of youth was systematized, an objective approach to the concept of youth entrepreneurship was determined, which was considered in accordance with its target, aimed at carrying out entrepreneurial activities. Moreover, the cause-and-effect factors of the development of youth entrepreneurship have been determined, a classification of youth entrepreneurship has been developed according to the main types. Through a survey the situation on the labor market regarding the problems of the development of youth entrepreneurship was studied and ways of solving the problem of youth unemployment were proposed.Conclusions: A clear systematization of scientific approaches to the concept of youth entrepreneurship, identification of the causes of youth unemployment, problems of the development of youth entrepreneurship will ensure the progressive development of youth entrepreneurship to achieve full employment of youth and the population in the labor market.
On the issue of the current state of agriculture of the Kazakhstan
Authors: Beisengaliyev B.Т. , Kozhabaeva S.А. , Turekulova D.М. , Zhanybayeva Z.К.
Published: January 2024

Object: analysis and assessment of the state of poultry farming (including determining the dynamics of the poultry industry development) in the leading regions of KazakhstanMethods: In particular, the study comparative, logistic, specific methods of analysis are used: economicmathematical, economic-statistical; graphical interpretation of information, an experimental method that includes conducting a ascertaining experiment, analyzing and summarizing the data obtained, which made it possible to assess the state and development of the main sub-sectors of agriculture, revealed the leading regions of Kazakhstan in the development of poultry farming.Findings: A comprehensive analysis of crop and poultry production in Kazakhstan is conducted. In particular, the dynamics of the development of the poultry sector for the period from 2010 to 2019, the number of birds in regions of Kazakhstan were studied.Conclusions: The agricultural sector is a key sector of the economy of Kazakhstan, so the degree of its development affects the provision of food security, as well as the socio-political stability of the state. To meet domestic needs it is necessary to develop poultry farming, thereby reducing import dependence in a number of poultry products. Consequently, the complex reasons for the decline in the number of birds by region are determined, measures are proposed to minimize the impact of restraining factors in the development of poultry farming.
Issues of social differentiation of language and problems of code-switching
Authors: Abasilov A.M.
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the problem of social differentiation of language, which arises from the connection of social linguistics with «language and society», the cause and essence of differentiation, its study, and its problems. Further, the existence of the Kazakh language as a national code, the peculiarities of differentiation, serving in different classes and groups of its speakers, its current differences from previous stages of development are analyzed and considered through the works of the founders of Kazakh linguists A. Baitursynov and K. Zhubanov, the researcher of the modern socio-linguistic situation of the Kazakh language B. Khasanuly. With the help of social institutions formed in Kazakh society in the past centuries, relations between people are brought to a certain order and standards, their behaviour and actions are regulated, cultural and political changes in the society of Tsarist Russia and the Soviet era have separated the people who speak the same language. The natural state of the Kazakh language is disrupted, unity and uniformity, and the weakening of the unifying function of society is described. The author concludes that one of the most urgenttasks of Kazakhstan's social linguistics is to study the factors influencing language differentiation and codeswitching, consider the nature of their influence on language processes and relationships, and identify the social conditionality of the functioning of the Kazakh language as a modern language.
Шеттілдік географиялық атауларды қазақ тілінің латын графикасы негізінде жазу тілді реформалаудың маңызды міндеті
Authors: Рысберген Қ.Қ. , Шаһин И.
Published: January 2024

Мақала қазақ тілін жаңа латын графикалы әліпбиге көшіруге байланысты шеттілдік географиялық атауларды транслитерациялау мәселелеріне арналған. Жұмыстың басты мақсаты мемлекет, әлем қалалары, өзге де физика–географиялық нысан атауларын қазақ тілінде жазудың қағидаттарын, оңтайлы жолдарын айқындауға қатысты. Жұмыстың ғылыми-практикалық маңызы өзге тілдегі атауларды қазақ тілінің фонетикалық, орфографиялық нормаларына сай, өзге тіл мен өз тіліміздіңтабиғатын ескеру арқылы осы бағыттағы болашақ зерттеулерге, картографиялық өнімдер мен оқулықтар, сөздіктер мен анықтамалықтарды әзірлеуге, жалпы ауқымды ғаламдық ақпараттық кеңістікте экзонимдерді қазақ тілінде дұрыс қолдануға жол ашады. Туыс және туыс емес тілдердегі топонимдер құрамындағы маңызды деген орфограммаларына талдау жүргізілді. Осы талдау нәтижесінде шеттілдік жер-су атауларын транслитерациялауға қатысты тұжырымдар, ұсыныстар, пайымдаулар айтылды. Жүргізілген зерттеулер болашақ «Шеттілдік географиялық атауларды қазақ тілінің латын графикасында жазу ережелерін» құрастырудың негізгі қағидаттары мен тармақтарын анықтап алуға септігін тигізеді. Мақаладағы ғылыми-теориялық, практикалық ұсыныстар мен тұжырымдар ономастикалық атауларды латын графикасында жазу, қазақ тілінің нормативтік, ономатографиялық базасын жетілдіруге және Қазақстандағы ономастикалық жұмыстарды реттеу үшін қажет.
MULTIMODAL ADVERTISING: SEMIOTIC AND COGNITIVE-PRAGMATIC ASPECTS
Authors: Kravchenko N , Yudenko O
Published: January 2024

The article focuses on the analysis of the multimodal advertising of the Nokia brand from a semiotic and cognitive-pragmatic perspective. The aim of the article is to identify the secondary signifieds of the brand discourse and the features of their actualization through verbal, visual, and auditory advertising modes. This goal is achieved through several tasks, including identifying connotations related to the auditory mode in the context of its intertextuality; specifying secondary signifieds actualized by visual metaphors; determining the interface of pragmatic and cognitive parameters in visual metaphors; justifying the role of secondary signifieds in constructing the target consumer identity of the Nokia brand. It is found that key secondary signifieds constitutive of the brand discourse are connotative meanings such as "self-expression," "inspiration," and "classicism." These connotations, embodying the motivational needs of the target consumer identity of Nokia, are intended to displace the primary signifieds associated with the functional purpose of the brand's products as mobile communication devices. Visual and verbal images of classical guitar and violin, as well as auditory intertextual borrowing of a classical melody in the brand's ringtone, are used to create secondary signifieds that metonymically connect the brand with classical music and inspiration. These secondary signifieds appeal to two types of consumer identities: those with motivational needs for self-realization and creativity and those with needs for continuity, traditions, and stability. Images of classical musical instruments serve as source spaces for visual metaphors and intertextuality, in blends of which the secondary signifieds of the brand discourse are reconstructed. The reconstruction of signifieds is carried out through discursive implicatures, establishing the quantity, transparency, quality, and coherence of information disrupted by metaphors or intertextuality as means associated with deviations from cooperative maxims. The restored implicatures shape propositional-locutionary content, which, in the elaboration stage of the blend, takes on illocutionary forces of an indirect commissive act—promising to satisfy the motivational needs of the target audience in self-expression, heritage, and traditions—and an indirect directive, urging to fulfill these motivational needs through the acquisition of the brand's products.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE BORROWINGS OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Authors: Syrotina O
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the problem of linguistic borrowings in the English terminology of biotechnology. The purpose of the research is the analysis of borrowings in the biotechnological terminology of the English language and the identification of their main sources, determined by both historical and scientific events in the development of society. The material of the study was a sample consisting of terminological units of the modern English language related to the field of biotechnology, selected from specialized dictionaries, scientific works on the problems of biotechnology, Internet sites dedicated to the creation and production of new modified organisms and products. The article is aimed at researching the etymological and linguistic aspects of borrowed terms, analyzing their origin and adaptation in the field of biotechnology. The etymological analysis highlights those sources that participated in both the formation and development of the modern biotechnological vocabulary of the English language. The study determined that the borrowed terminological units of the English terminology of the field of biotechnology consist of the Greek-Latin, French and German borrowings. The article examines the influence of classical languages, in particular Latin and Greek, on the formation of biotechnological terminology. It is noted that the Greek and Latin languages are considered the main sources of enrichment of the biotechnological terminology. The analysis focuses on the origin, evolution and assimilation of biotechnological terms into the English language. In addition, the paper examines the impact of these borrowings on the relationship between scientific innovation and language evolution. The results of this study expand our understanding of the evolution of biotechnological terminology and the processes of linguistic adaptation and interaction between linguistic and scientific environments in modern biotechnological research.
APPROACHES TO ASSESSING TRANSLATION PROFICIENCY
Authors: Strilets V
Published: January 2024

Introduction. An important component of the system of specialized translation competence development is the assessment of its proficiency level, which should be based on the latest developments in the field of translator training methodology, the translation service industry requirements, and current national and international academic standards.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze approaches to translation competence assessment and to distinguish those relevant to assessing specialized translation proficiency of 4th-year Philology students.

The author applies theoretical research methods: analyzing research papers referring to translation assessment and academic standards namely the CEFR and the PETRA-E Framework, collating and generalizing their key ideas and provisions as well as synthesizing them in order to outline the approaches to specialized translation competence assessment.

Discussion. The level-based approach should be implemented through defining the initial and target levels of specialized translation proficiency separately for English-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-English language pairs and taking into account the CEFR global scale descriptors concerning translating a written text in writing, modified with regard to text type, translation variation (full, fragmentary, summary, abstract), and ICT skills; as well as the PETRA-E Framework competence-based descriptors, altered in accordance with specialized translation features, in particular, terminology and subject matter knowledge and relevant skills. The process-oriented approach is better manifested during formative assessment, the purpose of which is to receive feedback on the effect of specialized translation knowledge acquisition and skill formation. It is implemented through the check-list method and translation text analysis. The product-oriented approach involves evaluating the target text using holistic, analytic (analytic proper, error count, check-list, and norm-referenced) and combined methods depending on translation variation, type and purpose of assessment.

Conclusions. Assessing specialized translation competence of 4th-year students majoring in Philology is a complex multifaceted process that is grounded on the level-based, process-oriented and product-oriented approaches. Their implementation relies on the modified CEFR and PETRA-E Framework proficiency descriptors and depends on translation variation, assessment type and purpose.
Influence of dry form of bacteria strains of the genus bacillus on garden strawberry in maternal plants
Authors: Storozhenko A. A. , Lutov V. I. , Belyaev A. A.
Published: January 2024

In 2019-2022 in field experiments, stimulation of the survival rate and growth of mother plants of strawberries under the influence of pre-planting treatment with Fitop 8.1 (dry form) and Fitop 8.67 (liquid form) in working concentrations of 1 × 105 CFU / ml was proved: an increase in the survival rate of seedlings by 12.3 % and 19.5 %; an increase in the number of leaves by 29 % and 21 %; an increase in the length of the roots in both variants by 12.9 %; an increase in total plant biomass to levels of 92.9 g/plant and 94.5 g/plant. The biological effectiveness against strawberry white spot in the variants with Fitop 8.1 and Fitop 8.67 treatment was 33.1 % and 29.3м %, which is explained by the immunising effect of treatments on plants. The best effects of stimulating vegetative propagation were also noted in variants where the biological preparations Fitop 8.67 (liquid form) at a concentration of 1×105 CFU/ml and Fitop 8.1 (dry form) at concentrations of 1×105 CFU/ml and 1×106 CFU/ml were used for pre-planting treatment – the increase in the number of rosettes, on average, over three years, amounted to 3.0-3.9 rosettes/plant (20.6-27.3 %) relative to the control, where 14.4 rosettes/plant were formed, in average over three years of observation. The effects obtained in the biological product variants were at a statistically identical confidence level with the reference variant with the Phoenix humic preparation, 0.05 %. As a result, the yield of seedlings from an area of 100 m2 of the mother plantations increased significantly in the variants with Fitop 8.67 and Fitop 8.1 by 32.6 % and 55.9 % at 4229.5 seedlings/100 m2 in the control variant. In contrast, the effectiveness of Fitop 8.1 for seedlings, superior to Fitop 8.67 (liquid form) and the reference version with Phoenix, 0.05 %, has been proven.
The state of populations of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., with an increase in the pesticide load in agroce- noses
Authors: Osintseva L. A.
Published: January 2024

It is generally recognised that pesticides play a significant role in the decline in the number of insects observed worldwide. The analysis of the causes of unprecedented losses of Apis mellifera L. bee colonies has been carried out. When using plant protection products in agrocenoses. The current state of knowledge on assessing the impact of pesticides on non–target objects is summarised as honey bees and other types of bee pollinators of plants. The mechanisms and features of selective exposure of insecticides from the group of neonicotinoids, butenolides and based on fipronil are described. In addition to direct lethal effects, there is a decrease in the viability and subsequent death of bee colonies as a result of changes in the cognitive abilities of worker bees, the reproductive potential of queens and drones, changes in the immune status of bee colonies and the etiological characteristics of insects. Examples of the negative impact on honeybee populations of various regions of the Russian Federation when using pesticides in agrocenoses are given. The role of organic agriculture in the conservation of honey bees and other pollinators, providing a yield comparable to the integrated plant protection system of entomophilic crops, is noted. Measures to prevent the reduction of honey bee populations due to pesticide toxicosis are outlined: 1. Compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents; 2. Providing apiaries with an optimal feed base; 3. Exclusion of highly toxic insecticides from entomophilic crop protection programs; 4. Realisation of the adaptive potential of honey bees in changing environmental conditions; 5. Transition to organic farming in the cultivation of entomophilic crops.
Modern methods of assess- ing the resources of honeylands
Authors: Samsonova I. D. , Plakhova A. A.
Published: January 2024

An information review of innovative methods for assessing the resources of honey-bearing lands is presented. The relevance and problems of their use are noted. Alternative strategies for determining the resource potential of honey-bearing lands are shown. Scientific methods of identifying honey plants are described: the study of vegetation, analysis of the chemical composition of honey and its properties, the use of drones to survey honey grounds, and the use of artificial intelligence to process large amounts of data about honey grounds. GPS (global positioning system) technologies, which allow accurate geospatial mapping of homelands, are currently the most widespread. The identification of honey plants to improve the food supply is carried out by various methods: floral analysis of vegetation, pollen analysis, informational analysis of vegetation, and observation of the behaviour of bees in hives. New techniques for determining the land’s honey reserves and the flowering intensity of honey plants are presented: collecting nectar samples and sugar content in nectar, which helps collect data on nectar productivity and nectar quality with greater accuracy and efficiency. RFID tags are widely used for producing and managing honey stocks, monitoring the condition of hives, and determining bee colonies’ productivity. Thanks to advances in technology and scientific research, many new approaches allow for more accurate and efficient selection of resource aspects of honey lands.
Models for increasing productivity based on the integrated application of agricultural digital twins
Authors: Rasulov R. K. , Lamm A. K.
Published: January 2024

The operating conditions of the Russian agro-industrial complex today are characterised by unfair competition in global markets and objective transformation processes. Changes in agricultural production technologies and the digitalisation of all production areas require a restructuring of the work of farming organisations. At the same time, the indicated structural changes at the level of agricultural producers should be based on an analysis of objective production and economic indicators: yield and profitability.

   The purpose of the study is to model the process of increasing the yield of grain crops due to the use of digital twins in various areas of agricultural production.

   Research objectives: to identify models for the use of digital twins in the production of grain crops; develop introductory methodological provisions for creating a digital twin of agricultural specialisation; outline the current and future role of digital twins in agricultural production.

   Scientific novelty and practical significance of the research results: models for the use of digital twins of agricultural specialisation at the stages of the production process and infrastructure sectors for its support have been developed; conceptual provisions of methodological recommendations for the development of digital twins of agricultural specialisation have been formulated; the current and future significance of digital twins in the process of increasing grain yields has been determined, as well as the prospects for their use in the agricultural sector.
Long-Term and Institutional Care: A Global Perspective and Imperative
Authors: Kucharska Katarzyna , Tabaszewski Robert
Published: January 2024

This study provides an overview of the legal aspects of long-term care (LTC) and institutional care for the elderly. It investigates whether LTC services for seniors could be recognized as a distinct human right, possibly through a United Nations convention. The study explores the existence and core components of the right to LTC and examines the minimum standards for its investigation, implementation, and enforcement. Additionally, it analyzes the specific rights of seniors that contribute to the right to care for dependent persons while also considering the intersectionality of this right and its relationship with other human rights. The study investigates the legal frameworks for protecting the right to LTC in various countries and assesses legal solutions derived from general legal instruments and special standards, particularly those concerning individuals with disabilities. Furthermore, it discusses proposed laws aimed at preserving the dignity of seniors and preventing unnecessary examinations and abuse. The study ultimately evaluates whether the right to LTC is an independent right or an extension of the rights to healthcare and social security.
Effect of pre-harvest spray of PGRs, calcium and cow urine on yield and quality of aonla fruit (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)
Authors: Yadav Garima , Pathak Sanjay , Gurudev Niharika , Tiwari Saurabh , Panday Lavkush
Published: January 2024

Aonla or Indian gooseberry is an indigenous fruit to Indian subcontinents, which is regarded as amritphal. It is cultivated in India in 95000 ha area out of which more than 70% area is covered by cultivar NA-7. In north India, 30-80 percent of fruits are affected by brown spots. Such type of affected fruits has poor marketability and is not very suitable for processing purposes. Therefore, an investigation was carried out on the effect of the pre-harvest spray of PGRs, calcium, and cow urine. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and nine treatments i.e., T1- control, T2- Salicylic Acid @ 2 mmol + Mulch, T3- Calcium Nitrate (CN) @1? + Mulch, T4- Benzyl Adenine (BA) @75 ppm+ Mulch, T5- Salicylic acid @2 mmol + BA (Benzyl Adenine) @75ppm + Mulch, T6- Salicylic acid @2 mmol + Calcium nitrate @1? + Mulch, T7- Calcium nitrate @1? + BA (Benzyl Adenine) @75ppm + Mulch, T8- Cow Urine @35? + Mulch, T9- Mulch on aonla fruit at the Main Horticulture Experiment Station, A.N.D.U.A and T, Kumarganj, Ayodhya during the year 2021-22. These treatments were sprayed twice on the aonla tree, in order to standardize the best pre-harvest treatment for improving the yield and quality of aonla fruits. Maximum fruits length (3.64cm), width (3.58cm), fruit weight (33.32g), fruit volume (30.23cm3), stone weight (2.18g), stone pulp ratios (14.62), fruit firmness (12.75 kg/cm3), yield (34.96 kg/tree), T.S.S. (10.33Brix0), total sugars (7.89%), reducing sugar (4.19%) and non-reducing sugars (3.70%), ascorbic acid (477mg/100g) and minimum blemished fruit (13%), and acidity (1.85%) were found with the treatment T8- Cow urine + mulch followed by T5- Salicylic acid + benzyl adenine + mulch.
Isolation and in vitro screening of native Trichoderma isolates against economically important pathogens of Japanese Mint (Mentha arvensis)
Authors: Sen Anamita , Rai Dinesh , Jaiswal Aman
Published: January 2024

Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis) is a common edible aromatic herb of considerable economic importance and the crop is reported to be infected by several fungal pathogens. As Mentha contains essential oil which is used in pharmaceutical industries, the use of biocontrol agents is considered as a potential eco-friendly component in plant disease management. Hence an investigation was conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar to evaluate native Trichoderma isolates against two economically important foliar pathogens of Japanese Mint (Mentha arvensis) i.e., Alternaria alternata and Curvularia lunata. Total 7 Trichoderma isolates were isolated from the rhizosphere of various medicinal plants and those were categorized based on their morphological characteristics. Initially, all Trichoderma isolates developed whitish mycelium which later differed from light to dark green in color and the growth rate ranged from 11.25 mm to 18.00 mm per day. During the evaluation of antagonistic activity, all the Trichoderma isolates significantly reduced the growth of Alternaria alternata and Curvularia lunata mycelia in vitro condition. Among the seven isolates, Tr6 recorded the highest inhibition of Alternaria alternata (65.66%) and Curvularia lunata (45.04%) followed by Tr3 which showed 57.00% and 40.32% mycelial growth inhibition of Alternaria alternata and Curvularia lunata respectively after 168 hours of incubation. Tr6 isolate also exhibited the highest biochemical activities viz., indole acetic acid, ammonia, and siderophore production. The results from the current investigation revealed that Tr6 isolate was found most potential in the suppression of pathogens growth as well as in the production of phyto stimulators. In future studies, this isolate can further be evaluated for successful management of diseases of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis).
In-vitro screening of antagonistic potential of native endophyte strains of banana (Musa spp.) against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 causing Fusarium wilt of banana
Authors: Prajapati Manoj Kumar , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Dwivedi Meenakshi
Published: January 2024

The experiment was done in the Department of Plant Pathology, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar during 2021-22 to identify the antagonistic potential of native endophytes of bananas against FocTR4. An in-vitro investigation revealed that only four bacterial endophytes, GNBE4, GNBE9, GNBE12, and GNBE14, showed significant antagonistic effects against FocTR4out of 18 screened endophytes (13 bacterial and 5 fungal) of banana. The GNBE4 (Alcaligens sp.) showed maximum mycelial inhibition (75.18%), followed by GNBE9 (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) (71.90%) and GNBE12 (Staphylococcus warneri) (70.69%), while lowest in GNBE14 (Bacillus subtilis) (61.07%). Among the fungal endophytes, the maximum mycelial growth inhibition was shown in RzFE and LfFE (42.78%) followed by PsdFE (36.11%), while lowest in PtFE1 (26.67%). Apart from that already identified antagonistic PGPR like Pseudomonas fluorescens was obtained from the Department of Microbiology were tested which significantly suppressed the mycelial growth of fungus having a mycelial inhibition of 70.01 %.
Physiological interventions in induction of parthenocarpy with fruits and vegetables: A Review
Authors: Indian G.  , S. Senthilkumar  , S. Manivannan
Published: January 2024

Seedless fruits have gained importance in the present era of the Horticulture Industry. One of the scientific reasons behind that seedlessness is parthenocarpy i.e. production of fruits without pollination and fertilization. The processes of positive and negative signaling that occur after pollination and fertilization are fundamentally dependent on plant growth hormones. These hormones are necessary for the growth and development of seeds and fruit. Exogenous application of different concentrated plant growth regulators, particularly auxin, cytokinins, and gibberellins, or combinations of these, prior to floral induction can also result in seedless fruit. It has been documented in a number of fruit and vegetable crops, including cucumber, tomato, brinjal, apple, and pears. A tight control between these two growth hormones can be seen in the early phases of fruit development, where auxin application promotes gibberellin biosynthesis and gibberellin application increases auxin content. Synthetic cytokinins are applied to pre-anthesis ovaries to activate cell division, which leads to the production of parthenocarpic fruit.
Histopathological examination of the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin with piperine on thioacetamide induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Shivhare Shamsher , K. Shrman  , Gautam Vidhi , Dubey Shreya
Published: January 2024

Piperine possesses bio-enhancer characteristics, while curcumin has a long history of traditional use in reviving the liver and treating illnesses and dysfunction of the liver. Thus, the goal of the current investigation was to ascertain the hepatoprotective potential of curcumin and piperine after oral administration on albino rat liver damage caused by thioacetamide. In this study, the animals were divided into five groups, each containing four rats. Groups II (received thioacetamide on the eighth day), III (received curcumin orally for seven days), IV, and V received a single dose of thioacetamide on the eighth day of the experiment. For seven days, a group I received normal saline as a control. For seven days, Group III received 200 mg of curcumin per kg of body weight. Groups IV and V received piperine for 7 days combined with curcumin at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg of body weight, respectively. Rats of all the groups were sacrificed on the 10th day of the study. The thioacetamide treated group showed severe necrosis, hemosiderosis, and mononuclear cell infiltration around the central vein. The curcumin-treated group showed minimal hepatic necrosis and mild degenerative changes indicating restoration of normal architecture due to the hepatoprotective property of respective treatments against thioacetamide. The histo-architecture of the kidney treated with thioacetamide showed pathological changes as evidenced by tubular degeneration and distorted architecture. Treatment groups showed improvement in renal pathology. Hence, the study concluded that curcumin provided hepatoprotection against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity and in combination with piperine hepatoprotective activity of curcumin was observed to be reduced.
ВИБІР ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЗВ’ЯЗКУ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ СЕНСОРНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ
Authors: СТЕПАНОВ Михайло , ЛАВРІНЕНКО Владислав
Published: January 2024

Дана стаття зосереджена на актуальності та перспективах мереж п'ятого покоління, яка стає особливо важливою в контексті зростаючої кількості мобільних пристроїв і пристроїв для міжмашинної взаємодії. Головною метою цієї статті є розгляд можливих сценаріїв використання технології 5G NR та варіантів розгортання архітектури, їх переваг та недоліків.

Основний акцент також приділяється опису мережі бездротового доступу в мережах п'ятого покоління, зокрема радіо-інтерфейсу, його архітектурі та ключовим компонентам. Висновки цієї статті базуються на матеріалах, які підкреслюють гнучкість та функціональність мереж 5G в залежності від їх мети та місця розгортання.

Стаття підкреслює, що мережі п'ятого покоління можуть бути використані для різних проектів та сценаріїв розгортання, з різною початковою конфігурацією, забезпечуючи надійний та швидкісний зв'язок для мережевих елементів, мобільних пристроїв та інших пристроїв. Технології 5G відкривають широкий спектр можливостей для операторів, промисловості та муніципальних служб, що відбувається завдяки різноманітності та характеристикам діапазонів в мережах 5G, таким як високочастотні діапазони, які забезпечують високу пропускну здатність, і технології, наприклад, масовий MU-MIMO, які покращують користувацький досвід.

Такі передові технології дозволяють розвивати автоматизацію виробництва, розумні міста, галузь охорони здоров'я та інші галузі, створюючи нові джерела доходу, поліпшуючи користувацький досвід та спонукаючи до наукового та технологічного прогресу. У підсумку, мережі п'ятого покоління є ключовим компонентом сучасного світу, який допомагає вирішувати різні завдання та сприяє розвитку суспільства в цифрову епоху.
The Hijriyah Calendar Perspective Islamic Law: What and How?
Authors: Khusurur Misbah , Istikharoh Istikharoh , Afiqi Muhammad Anis , Muhajir Muhajir , Wirayudha Mickael Jordan
Published: January 2024

In various countries with a Muslim majority population, the use of the Hijri calendar in Islamic law has significant implications. This calendar affects legal practices such as the determination of the start of Ramadan, family law, prayer times, and religious celebrations. However, there are differing opinions and challenges in harmonizing Islamic legal provisions based on the Hijri calendar with national positive law. The purpose of this research is to identify the significance of using the Hijri calendar in the context of Islamic law and to understand how its use adapts to changes in time and globalization. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and the analysis of legal documents and legal literature to identify the use of the Hijri calendar in Islamic law. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative approach to answer research questions about the contribution of the Hijri calendar to Islamic law and its adaptation to changes in time and globalization. The results of the research show that the use of the Hijri calendar in Islamic law has significant impacts, including the determination of the start of Ramadan, influence on inheritance law, determination of prayer times, and commercial transactions. Furthermore, the Hijri calendar reflects the religious and cultural values in Muslim society, although there are challenges regarding the recognition of Islamic law in different legal contexts. This research highlights the importance of a thorough understanding of the use of the Hijri calendar in Islamic law. Additionally, the adaptation of the Hijri calendar to changes in time and globalization involves changes in determining the start of Ramadan, its use in civil law, adjustment to time zones, its role in international agreements, and dealing with conflicts with the Gregorian calendar
Legal Responsibility of Insurance Companies for Actions of Default in Insurance Agreements
Authors: Yasid Muhammad - , Siregar Gomgom TP , Lubis Muhammad Ansori , Devi Ria Sintha
Published: January 2024

Insurance is one way to help the community in diverting risks from events that are not necessarily going to happen. In this case the insurance company as the insurer has an obligation to fulfill the agreement that has been agreed by him with the insured which is called the policy agreement. However, in practice, not a few insurance companies default on insurance agreements. This study uses a normative juridical method with a qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the legal responsibility that must be carried out by the insurance company against default in the insurance agreement is the fulfillment of the rights of the policyholder as the insured of the insurance, namely compensation to the insured for achievements that were not carried out by the insurance company. The insured party can sue the insurance company if it defaults, besides that if the insurance company defaults, the insurance company can be given sanctions such as written warnings, fines, restrictions on business activities, up to revocation of business licenses
WIFE BEATING IN SOCIAL AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Zulkarnain Noni , Rizki Dian , Istiawati Sri , Saniah Saniah
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the act of wife beating according to the views or perspectives of sociology and law in Indonesia and also to find out the thoughts and understanding of Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence in terms of loading on sanctions for perpetrators of wife beating. The techniques used in data collection through normative research and social aspects are further methods of collecting matari and literature data from, legislation, and various reading sources with national and international integration, used analysis techniques in qualitative form. The conclusion obtained is that in terms of sociology and law in Indonesia the act of beating a wife is an act that is prohibited both in terms of sociology and law, but in the application in society there is still a development of misunderstanding and ignorance in this matter. In solving the problem, the presence of regulations of Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence is not only seen, read and heard but also implemented properly, because it requires a combination of personal and social matters, and is supported by a strict legal system in taking action against the perpetrator, providing very strict legal sanctions and also appropriate for those who commit acts of wife beating in society so as to create a fair, peaceful and safe quality of life.                                                       
Effect of sorghum intake on postprandial blood glucose levels: A randomized, double-blind, crossover study
Authors: Miyazaki Hitomi , Nagae Masumi , Uchida Hiroshi , Shimizu Kuniyoshi
Published: January 2024

Background: Sorghum is consumed in Africa, North and South America, India, and other parts of the world, but it is one of several millets in Japan, and its physiological function for Japanese is not well known. In this study, we examined the effect of sorghum on postprandial blood glucose levels in healthy Japanese.Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of sorghum intake on postprandial blood glucose in healthy adults. Methods: A double-blind crossover study was done on 17 healthy adult men and women recruited from the general population. After an early morning fasting blood glucose test, a placebo or sorghum porridge was administered and blood glucose levels were measured at 30, 60, and 120 minutes after the first washout period. Result: At 60 and 120 minutes after intake, the blood glucose level of people who were administered sorghum porridge was significantly lower than that of those who were administered the placebo. The area under the blood glucose curve was also significantly lower for the test product than for the placebo. Conclusion: Sorghum consumption can suppress the increase in postprandial blood glucose, suggesting that sorghum is useful in preventing the development of diabetes mellitus.Trial registration: UMIN-CTR: UMIN000046235Keywords: Sorghum, blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose
Kommunale Investitionen – Bedeutung des Haushaltsrechts
Authors: Freier Ronny , Geißler René
Published: January 2024

Die Kommunen nehmen im föderalen System eine entscheidende Position für öffentliche Investitionen ein. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die empirische Entwicklung und die wichtigsten Bestimmungsfaktoren der kommunalen Investitionen. In der Analyse wird deutlich, dass die Investitionen über viele Jahre zu gering waren, stark über den Konjunkturzyklus schwanken und regional erhebliche Differenzen aufzeigen. Eine Erklärung der Investitionsschwäche liegt in den, im Vergleich zu Bund und Ländern, strengen und prozyklisch wirkenden Schuldenregeln aus Haushaltsausgleich, Kreditgenehmigungen, Kommunalaufsicht und Sanktionen. Der Artikel erklärt die Notwendigkeit und das Konzept dieser fiskalischen Regulierung. Diese wirkt umso stärker auf die Investitionen in finanzschwachen Kommunen und konjunkturellen Tiefs. Daran anschließend diskutieren die Autoren zwei institutionelle Reformpfade: die Lockerung der kommunalen Schuldengrenzen sowie ein bürokratiearmes und autonomieförderndes Verfahren föderaler Transfers.
Auswirkungen von Schulungen auf den Reifegrad von Lebenszykluskostenwissen: Ein Beitrag zur Kostenkultur in der öffentlichen Beschaffung?
Authors: Binder Franziska , von Deimling Christian , Eßig Michael
Published: January 2024

Bei öffentlichen Großprojekten kommt es systematisch zu Kostenüberschreitungen. Als mögliche Ursache wird in der Forschung u.a. eine „fehlende“ Kostenkultur bei öffentlichen Auftraggebern mit ihrer regulierten Beschaffungsumgebung vermutet. Kostenkultur drückt die gemeinsamen Werte und Normen zum Kostenverständnis und -verhalten einer Organisation aus und prägt Organisationsmitglieder im Umgang mit knappen Ressourcen. Die Kostenkulturforschung bedient sich zahlreicher Operationalisierungsansätze, jedoch gibt es nur wenige Aussagen darüber, wie die Kostenkultur im Zeitverlauf verändert werden kann. Vorliegender Beitrag untersucht die Wirkung von Kostenschulungen auf ein verbessertes Lebenszykluskostenwissen. Dafür wird ein Reifegradmodell zum Lebenszykluskostenwissen entwickelt. Dieses Reifegradmodell erfasst zu Lehrgangsbeginn und -ende von Kostenschulungen die Einstellung der Schulungsteilnehmer zum Umgang mit Lebenszykluskosten in einer Organisation. Am Beispiel einer großen öffentlichen Beschaffungsorganisation lässt sich empirisch nachweisen, dass Kostenschulungen helfen, das Lebenszykluskostenwissen in Organisationen positiv zu beeinflussen. Kostenschulungen können zu einem höheren Reifegrad an Lebenszykluskostenwissen führen, aber nicht zwangsläufig zu einer ausgeprägteren Kostenkultur in einer hoch regulierten Beschaffungsumgebung.
Republikanismus und Resilienz. Elemente einer Politischen Theorie der Lebensfähigkeit liberaler Demokratien
Authors: Stulpe Alexander
Published: January 2024

Ausgehend von Charles Taylors ‚republikanischer These‘ hebt der Artikel eine besondere Stärke der liberalen Demokratie hervor: Aufgrund derjenigen normativen Orientierungen ihrer Bürger:innen, die als funktional notwendige Bedingungen ihrer Existenz vorausgesetzt werden müssen, verfügt sie über eine besondere Quelle gesellschaftlicher Resilienz, durch die sie die gegenwärtigen, durch autoritäre Infragestellungen und Anfeindungen geprägten Herausforderungen bewältigen kann. Hierzu wird ein im Anschluss an Niklas Luhmann sozialtheoretisch reflektierter Begriff gesellschaftlicher Resilienz entwickelt, der normativ-rekonstruktiv im Sinne der Kritischen Theorie Axel Honneths auf die von Taylor als Patriotismus angesprochenen sozialmoralischen Ressourcen angewendet wird. Für diese Ressourcen, erweitert um neorömisch-republikanische Motive, wird der Begriff einer auch für liberale Demokratien notwendigen ‚republikanischen Disposition‘ eingeführt.
Efficacy and safety of percutaneous ultrasound-guided thermal ablation in the treatment of cervical metastatic lymph nodes from papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Shen , Liu Yunyun , Zhou Bangguo , Xu Huixiong
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ultrasound-guided thermal ablation in the treatment of cervical metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 77 patients with 79 LNs ablated by microwave ablation (MWA) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) between September 2018 and October 2022 were enrolled in this study. After treatment, patients were followed up with measurement of diameters of LNs and serum thyroglobulin (s-Tg) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and annually thereafter. The paired t-test was used to compare the changes of s-Tg level, diameters of LNs before and after ablation. RESULTS: There were no serious complications related to ablation while one case of incomplete ablation in MWA was found during follow-up. The mean longest and shortest diameter of the ablated LNs reduced from 11.6 ± 4.3 mm to 5.0 ± 4.1 mm (p < 0.001), and from 6.1 ± 1.9 mm to 3.0 ± 2.5 mm (p < 0.001) at the last follow-up visit. Besides, the final volume reduction rate (VRR) was 61.8 ± 56.4% (range, –67.0 –100%). The complete disappearance rate was 46.8%, but there were 4 (5.1%) LNs becoming bigger than before. The average s-Tg level was 9.2 ± 26.6 ng/mL, a data significantly decreased to 3.7 ± 7.0 ng/mL at the last follow-up, but no statistical difference was shown. CONCLUSION: Thermal ablation is an effective and safe modality for the treatment of metastatic LNs from PTC.
Performance comparison of multiple scoring algorithms: A study of automatic scoring of English text
Authors: Hu Lingling
Published: January 2024

Objective:In order to save teachers’ correcting time, improve the accuracy and efficiency of English composition grading.Methods: This paper briefly introduces the algorithm of deep sentence smoothness and text semantic matching based on graph neural network, and then designs an automatic scoring algorithm for English text. Result: The experimental data was collected from 12,000 essays written by international students in the United States in the Pratt & Whitney Foundation’s Automated Student Value Assessment Project (ASAP), and these data were graded through a comparative experiment,Through comparative tests, the automatic scoring algorithm designed in this paper can achieve better scoring results and better handle automatic essay scoring problems. Among all the experimental mean values of evaluation methods, the experimental mean value of the algorithm designed in this paper is 0.790, the smoothness algorithm is 0.768, and the text matching vector is 0.759. The experimental mean values of the other two traditional automatic scoring algorithms are 0.710 and 0.712 respectively, and the results are lower than the algorithm designed in this paper. Conclusion: According to the experimental results, it can be concluded that good feature selection can give good scoring performance to the algorithm and cope with the problem of automatic scoring. At the same time, it also confirms the feasibility of the algorithm designed in this paper, which can be effectively applied in practical English composition scoring.
Misfolded α-Synuclein in Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Fort-Aznar Laura , Molina-Porcel Laura , Ramos-Campoy Oscar , Esteller Diana , Naranjo Laura , Lladó Albert , Balasa Mircea , Ruiz-García Raquel , Antonell Anna , Sánchez-Valle Raquel
Published: January 2024

We analyzed Lewy body (LB) pathology in 18 autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease (ADAD) brains via immunohistochemistry. Real-time quaking induced conversion was used to detect misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) in 18 living ADAD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Concomitant LB pathology was present in 44% ADAD brains. Only 6% CSF samples were positive for misfolded α-syn. In an additional AD sample, all patients with confirmed LB presented misfolded α-syn in postmortem CSF regardless of the LB staging. In conclusion, misfolded α-syn in CSF was scarce in symptomatic living ADAD individuals, in contrast to postmortem brain tissue. These results suggest late appearance of LB pathology in ADAD.
Health Care Is Not Enough to Prevent Dementia
Authors: de la Perrelle Lenore
Published: January 2024

With an aging population, an increase in cases of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia worldwide poses a significant health burden. While we hope for a cure, preventing dementia by reducing risks is important for global population health. Prevention strategies are difficult to implement when facing inequality across the world for access to healthy lifestyles. An approach that centers on individual responsibility and health professional interventions for targeted groups may risk missing the policy and environmental drivers of change. Barriers and enablers need to be explored and interventions are needed at individual, structural and social levels to normalize mid-life risk reduction.