bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three puzzles in cosmology
Authors: Mathur Samir D.
Published: September 2020

Cosmology presents us with several puzzles that are related to the fundamental structure of quantum theory. We discuss three such puzzles, linking them to effects that arise in black hole physics. We speculate that puzzles in cosmology may be resolved by the vecro structure of the vacuum that resolves the information paradox and the “bags of gold” problem for black holes.
Three-dimensional slowly rotating black hole in Einstein-power-Maxwell theory
Authors: Tataryn M. B. , Stetsko M. M.
Published: September 2020

A three-dimensional slowly rotating black hole solution in the presence of negative cosmological constant in the Einstein-power-Maxwell theory is studied. It is shown that in the small rotation limit, the electric field, diagonal metric function and thermodynamic properties are the same as for static case, whereas the small rotation gives in addition a nondiagonal metric function and magnetic field which are also small. For these functions cased by rotation of black hole, exact integral solution and analytic asymptotic solution were obtained.
Effective anisotropic stresses of the relic gravitons
Authors: Giovannini Massimo
Published: September 2020

The effective anisotropic stresses induced by the scalar modes of the geometry depend on the coordinate system so that the comparison of the competing results is ultimately determined by the evolution of the pivotal variables in each particular gauge. After arguing that the only reasonable physical coordinate systems for this problem are the ones where the gauge freedom is completely fixed (like the longitudinal and the uniform curvature gauges), we propose a novel gauge-invariant strategy for the comparison of gauge-dependent results. Instead of employing the pivotal variables of a given coordinate system, the effective anisotropic stress is solely expressed in terms of the gravitating normal modes of the plasma and in terms of their conformal time derivatives. The new approach is explicitly gauge-invariant and when the wavelengths of the normal modes are either shorter or larger than the sound horizon, the physical limits of the anisotropic stresses are determined without relying on the specific details of the background evolution. The relevance of the proposed strategy is discussed in the general situation where the scalar anisotropic stress and the nonadiabatic pressure fluctuations are simultaneously present. We finally argue that the anisotropic stress can be most efficiently obtained from the second-order effective action of the curvature inhomogeneities.
On the dimension of ideals in group algebras, and group codes
Authors: García-Claro E. J. , Tapia-Recillas H.
Published: September 2020

Several relations and bounds for the dimension of principal ideals in group algebras are determined by analyzing minimal polynomials of regular representations. These results are used in the two last sections. First, in the context of semisimple group algebras, to compute, for any abelian code, an element with Hamming weight equal to its dimension. Finally, to get bounds on the minimum distance of certain MDS group codes. A relation between a class of group codes and MDS codes is presented. Examples illustrating the main results are provided.
Combinatorics of two second-order mock theta functions
Authors: Burson Hannah
Published: September 2020

We introduce combinatorial interpretations of the coefficients of two second-order mock theta functions. Then, we provide a bijection that relates the two combinatorial interpretations for each function. By studying other special cases of the multivariate identity proved by the bijection, we obtain new combinatorial interpretations for the coefficients of Watson’s third-order mock theta function [Formula: see text] and Ramanujan’s third-order mock theta function [Formula: see text].
A mock theta function identity related to the partition rank modulo 3 and 9
Authors: Chan Song Heng , Hong Nankun , Jerry  , Lovejoy Jeremy
Published: September 2020

We prove a new mock theta function identity related to the partition rank modulo 3 and 9. As a consequence, we obtain the [Formula: see text]-dissection of the rank generating function modulo [Formula: see text]. We also evaluate all of the components of the rank–crank differences modulo [Formula: see text]. These are analogous to conjectures of Lewis [The generating functions of the rank and crank modulo 8, Ramanujan J. 18 (2009) 121–146] on rank–crank differences modulo [Formula: see text], first proved by Mortenson [On ranks and cranks of partitions modulo 4 and 8, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 161 (2019) 51–80].
Who has access to your smartphone data?
Authors: Kirkpatrick Keith
Published: September 2020

ISPs, app developers, and even the government may know more about you than you think.
Evolution of Insect Color Vision: From Spectral Sensitivity to Visual Ecology
Authors: van der Kooi Casper J. , Stavenga Doekele G. , Arikawa Kentaro , Belušič Gregor , Kelber Almut
Published: September 2020

Color vision is widespread among insects but varies among species, depending on the spectral sensitivities and interplay of the participating photoreceptors. The spectral sensitivity of a photoreceptor is principally determined by the absorption spectrum of the expressed visual pigment, but it can be modified by various optical and electrophysiological factors. For example, screening and filtering pigments, rhabdom waveguide properties, retinal structure, and neural processing all influence the perceived color signal. We review the diversity in compound eye structure, visual pigments, photoreceptor physiology, and visual ecology of insects. Based on an overview of the current information about the spectral sensitivities of insect photoreceptors, covering 221 species in 13 insect orders, we discuss the evolution of color vision and highlight present knowledge gaps and promising future research directions in the field.
Novel Approaches for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapeutics: Chronic Versus Acute Administration to Protect Heart, Brain, and Spinal Cord
Authors: Zirpoli Hylde , Chang Chuchun L. , Carpentier Yvon A. , Michael-Titus Adina T. , Ten Vadim S. , Deckelbaum Richard J.
Published: September 2020

This article reviews novel approaches for omega-3 fatty acid (FA) therapeutics and the linked molecular mechanisms in cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In vitro and in vivo research studies indicate that omega-3 FAs affect synergic mechanisms that include modulation of cell membrane fluidity, regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, and production of bioactive mediators. We compare how chronic and acute treatments with omega-3 FAs differentially trigger pathways of protection in heart, brain, and spinal cord injuries. We also summarize recent omega-3 FA randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses and discuss possible reasons for controversial results, with suggestions on improving the study design for future clinical trials. Acute treatment with omega-3 FAs offers a novel approach for preserving cardiac and neurological functions, and the combinations of acute treatment with chronic administration of omega-3 FAs might represent an additional therapeutic strategy for ameliorating adverse cardiovascular and CNS outcomes.
Studying Bump at Bridge Approach of Short Subgrade with Oblique Prestressed Concrete Overlaying Asphalt Layer
Authors: Liu Fuqiang , Zheng Mulian , Wang Tao , Wang Shuai , Zhu Linlin
Published: September 2020

The differential settlement of short subgrade between two highway structures (bridges, tunnels, culverts, etc.) is significantly greater than that of the other subgrade for the insufficient compaction of short subgrade owing to limited construction site. This paper aims to establish the control criteria to prevent bump at bridge approach for differential settlement of short subgrade with oblique prestressed concrete overlying asphalt layer (AC + OPC) composite pavement. In this work, the short subgrade and AC + OPC composite pavement were defined. Meanwhile, the driving comfort was analysed and the control criteria for differential settlement of short subgrade with different lengths were obtained based on the driving comfort using the driving comfort test. Finally, the effects of different layer parameters on stress and deflection were investigated and the control criteria for differential settlement of short subgrade were established based on the void area beneath the slab using the finite element software ANSYS. Results show that the length of short subgrade between two highway structures is defined to be less than 200 m. The vehicle speed and longitudinal slope have significant effects on the vertical acceleration. The asphalt layer modulus, OPC layer thickness and modulus, base layer thickness and modulus, and foundation modulus have effects on the flexural stress and deflection, especially the OPC layer thickness. The relationship between the additional stress and void area beneath the slab is derived. In addition, the control criteria for differential settlement of short subgrade with different lengths are put forward based on the void area beneath the slab and driving comfort. The application of AC + OPC composite pavement can prevent bump at bridge approach of short subgrade effectively. The results of this paper can provide guidance for the application of AC + OPC composite pavement.
Differential Relationship between Microstructural Integrity in White Matter Tracts and Motor Recovery following Stroke Based on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Genotype
Authors: Park Eunhee , Lee Jungsoo , Chang Won Hyuk , Lee Ahee , Hummel Friedhelm C. , Kim Yun-Hee
Published: September 2020

Objective. The relationship between white matter integrity and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype and its effects on motor recovery after stroke are poorly understood. We investigated the values of fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corticospinal tract (CST), the intrahemispheric connection from the primary motor cortex to the ventral premotor cortex (M1PMv), and the interhemispheric connection via the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with the BDNF genotype from the acute to the subacute phase after stroke. Methods. The Fugl-Meyer assessment, upper extremity (FMA-UE), and tract-related FA were assessed at 2 weeks (T1) and 3 months (T2) after stroke using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Fifty-eight patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke were classified according to the BDNF genotype into a Val (valine homozygotes) or Met (methionine heterozygotes and homozygotes) group. Results. The Val group exhibited a larger reduction of FA values in the ipsilesional M1PMv than the Met group from T1 to T2. The FMA-UE at T2 was negatively correlated with FA of the contralesional M1PMv at T2 in the Val group but was positively correlated with FA of the ipsilesional CST and CC at T2 in the Met group. Conclusions. The integrity of the intra- and interhemispheric connections might be related to different processes of motor recovery dependent on the BDNF genotype. Thus, the BDNF genotype may need to be considered as a factor influencing neuroplasticity and functional recovery in patients with stroke. This trial is registered with http://www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03647787.
Preparing Globally Competent Teachers: A Paradigm Shift for Teacher Education in Ghana
Authors: Annan John Kwasi
Published: September 2020

It is well known that quality and positive school outcomes are determined by teacher competence, sensitivity, and motivation which are summed as teacher quality. The role teachers play in shaping society requires that training of same must be of utmost priority of governments. With reference to the relevance of archival materials, the study relied mostly on observation and secondary sources of data with content analysis on training of teachers in Ghana. This study identified various elements that contribute to the quality of teachers which ultimately increases the quality of education. These included quality assurance of teacher education, initial training of teachers, deployment processes, professional growth, compensation, and regulatory bodies that ensure standards and compliance. The article also found out that low investments in teacher education, allowing nonprofessional graduates to teach, poor living, and working condition are deterrent to teachers from accepting postings to rural and deprived areas; lack of regular and consistent training for professional development and poor motivation packages for teachers are some of the reasons for poor quality in the education delivery at the basic school level. The study then advocates that teachers must be trained strictly by educational institutions only, aptitude test must be used to recruit teachers, intensify curricula reform to address critical thinking skills in teachers, institute regular development training for teachers, and motivate teachers who accept postings to rural areas.
Stress Heterogeneity and Slip Weakening of Faults under Various Stress and Slip
Authors: Dong Longjun , Luo Qiaomu
Published: September 2020

The rock mass of deep underground engineering is in the complex geological environment of high stress, high temperature, and high water pressure. In the process of deep mining and underground space development, the fault-slip seismic source may cause engineering accidents with strong destructive capacity. An in-depth study of fault slip characteristics is very important in the engineering disaster prevention and control. In this paper, a slip model was established based on the finite element software ABAQUS. A total of 20 loading ways are set for various stress and slip, which include the possible slip conditions of fast slip, slow slip, and critical state. By comparing the simulation diagrams and collecting the data of representative grid elements on the loading surface and slip surface, the slip characteristics such as stress heterogeneity under different loads are analyzed. The results show that the increase of slip velocity will make the slip unstable, and the local stress and deformation will become irregular. The spatial stress heterogeneity and the resulting local high working rate will lead to the decrease of the friction strength and the slip weakening. These results can provide some useful suggestions for the research of seismic activities caused by fault slip.
Nephron Sparing Surgery in Renal Allograft in Recipients with de novo Renal Cell Carcinoma: Two Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hubatsch Mandy , Peters Robert , Maxeiner Andreas , El-Bandar Nasrin , Weinberger Sarah , Friedersdorff Frank
Published: September 2020

We report 2 cases of de novo renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in renal grafts after transplantation. Both patients underwent nephron sparing surgery (NSS) 211 and 167 months after transplantation, revealing papillary RCC with a tumour size >4 cm (pT1a). Within a follow-up of 25 and 32 months after NSS, a stable renal function without indication for dialysis was present. No recurrence of RCC in both cases was reported within the yearly routine examinations. NSS in kidney allografts is a safe procedure with preservation of renal function.
Individualized Treatment of Tinnitus during Sleep Using Combined Tinnitus Signal and Music
Authors: Deniz Huseyin , Bayazit Yildirim Ahmet , Sarac Elif Tugba
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Tinnitus is a widely seen otological symptom that interferes with daily activities and causes discomfort. Tinnitus treatments can be classified into 4 main groups: pharmacological treatments, cognitive and behavioral therapy, psychological treatments, and combined treatment approaches made up of at least 2 of these 3 treatment methods. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether it would be possible to develop an individualized treatment method of tinnitus by application of a combined tinnitus signal and music during sleep. Methods: Forty-three ears of 30 patients who had subjective tinnitus were included. The patients were evaluated using Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. The psychoacoustic parameters of tinnitus, such as tinnitus frequency and loudness, and minimal masking levels, were determined. The patients were asked to select musical melodies that they liked. The tinnitus frequency of each patient was taken as the central frequency according to ANSI 2004. All sound files were prepared as stereo channels, with 16-bit resolution and 44,100 Hz sampling rate. The root mean square power value of the music and the band noise’s average root mean square power value were equalized with the “Amplification” command, and 70% of the music and 30% of wide/narrow-band noise were mixed as a stereo channel by the “Mix Paste” command. The patients were instructed to listen to that individualized music/narrow-band noise (tinnitus signal) for 2 h during sleep for a duration of 6 months. Results: Tinnitus frequencies of the patients measured prior to treatment and at the second, fourth, and sixth months of follow-up were not significantly different. A statistically significant decrease was seen in tinnitus loudness, minimal masking levels, and residual inhibition during the follow-up. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores decreased significantly during follow-up, and the number of patients who complained of tinnitus decreased (p < 0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale scores significantly decreased during follow-up (p < 0.05). Beck Depression Inventory scores decreased significantly during follow-up (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Stimulation of the auditory and limbic systems during sleep by the tinnitus signal combined with individualized musical melodies seems an alternative, effective, and cheap method in the treatment of tinnitus.
Risk Factors for Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Miyoshi Takanori , Uoi Miyuki , Omura Fuyuki , Tsumagari Kyouichi , Maesaki Sachi , Yokota Chiaki
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Cisplatin (CDDP)-induced nephrotoxicity is a concern in CDDP-based chemotherapy. The goal of this multicenter retrospective study was to identify potential risk factors for CDDP nephrotoxicity. Methods: Clinical data were reviewed for 762 patients who underwent chemotherapy including CDDP ≥60 mg/m2 per day from Spring 2014 to September 2016. CDDP nephrotoxicity was defined according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events for acute kidney injury. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for CDDP nephrotoxicity. Results: CDDP nephrotoxicity was observed in 165 patients (21.7%). Multivariate analysis showed a significantly higher rate of CDDP nephrotoxicity in patients with cardiac disease (odds ratio [OR]: 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–3.93, p = 0.03), hypertension (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06–2.32, p = 0.02), and high-dose CDDP therapy (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.50–3.07, p < 0.01). Magnesium (Mg) supplementation (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45–0.93, p = 0.02) and diuretic use (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08–0.63, p < 0.01) were also independent risk factors for CDDP nephrotoxicity. Conclusions: Our results suggest that high-dose CDDP and comorbidities of cardiac disease and hypertension are independent risk factors for CDDP nephrotoxicity. Therefore, close monitoring of serum creatinine values during CDDP treatment is recommended for patients with these risk factors. In addition, Mg supplementation and administration of diuretics might be effective for prevention of CDDP nephrotoxicity.
Practice Patterns and Outcomes of Online Hemodiafiltration: A Real-World Evidence Study in a Russian Dialysis Network
Authors: Neri Luca , Gurevich Kostantin , Zarya Yana , Plavinskii Svyatoslav , Bellocchio Francesco , Stuard Stefano , Barbieri Carlo , Canaud Bernard
Published: September 2020

Background: Evidence suggests that online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) is associated with improved survival. Whether the dose-response relationship between convective volume and mortality may be confounded by selection bias or descends from practice patterns is not clear. We sought to evaluate the role of patients’ characteristics and practice patterns on OL-HDF dose and mortality in a large private dialysis network in the Republic of Russia. Methods: In this multicenter, historical cohort study, we included adult incident patients on OL-HDF with at least 90 days of survival on renal replacement therapy in centers belonging to the Russian Federation Fresenius Medical Care network (January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2016). We evaluated predictors and outcomes (survival) of substitution volume target achievement (Qsub > 21 L/session). Results: Among 1,081 enrolled patients, the average Qsub was 22.9 (±3.2) L/session; the mean ultrafiltration volume was 1.6 (±0.8) L/session. The mean age was 55.8 ± 13.2; 42% were woman. Most common comorbidities were congestive heart failure (39.7%) and peripheral vascular disease (21.7%). The average hemoglobin was 9.3 ± 1.3. The case-mix adjusted center effect accounted for 20% of variance in Qsub. The top 10 most important variables associated with higher Qsub were effective Qb, serum protein, Charlson’s comorbidity index, hemoglobin, year of dialysis initiation (proxy of high Qsub treatment policy in the clinic network), predialysis heart rate, serum bicarbonate, serum phosphate, age, serum sodium, and dry body weight. In addition, we found that the association of Qb with Qsub is moderated by year of enrollment, intradialytic weight gain, and coronary artery disease, whereas higher hemoglobin concentration moderated the relationship between treatment time and Qsub. Finally, Qsub between 21 and 25 L/session was associated with longer 5-year survival. Conclusions: Both center-dependent clinical practice standards and patient clinical conditions substantially contributed to the risk of low Qsub. We confirmed previous evidence indicating better survival among patients with Qsub ≥ 21 L/session.
NT‐proBNP by Itself Predicts Death and Cardiovascular Events in High‐Risk Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Malachias Marcus V. B. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Claggett Brian L. , Wijkman Magnus O. , Bentley‐Lewis Rhonda , Chaturvedi Nishi , Desai Akshay S. , Haffner Steven M. , Parving Hans‐Henrik , Prescott Margaret F. , Solomon Scott D. , De Zeeuw Dick , McMurray John J. V. , Pfeffer Marc A.
Published: September 2020

Background

NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) improves the discriminatory ability of risk‐prediction models in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but is not yet used in clinical practice. We assessed the discriminatory strength of NT‐proBNP by itself for death and cardiovascular events in high‐risk patients with T2DM.

Methods and Results

Cox proportional hazards were used to create a base model formed by 20 variables. The discriminatory ability of the base model was compared with that of NT‐proBNP alone and with NT‐proBNP added, using C‐statistics. We studied 5509 patients (with complete data) of 8561 patients with T2DM and cardiovascular and/or chronic kidney disease who were enrolled in the ALTITUDE (Aliskiren in Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardiorenal Endpoints) trial. During a median 2.6‐year follow‐up period, 469 patients died and 768 had a cardiovascular composite outcome (cardiovascular death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure hospitalization). NT‐proBNP alone was as discriminatory as the base model for predicting death (C‐statistic, 0.745 versus 0.744,
P
=0.95) and the cardiovascular composite outcome (C‐statistic, 0.723 versus 0.731,
P
=0.37). When NT‐proBNP was added, it increased the predictive ability of the base model for death (C‐statistic, 0.779 versus 0.744,
P
<0.001) and for cardiovascular composite outcome (C‐statistic, 0.763 versus 0.731,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

In high‐risk patients with T2DM, NT‐proBNP by itself demonstrated discriminatory ability similar to a multivariable model in predicting both death and cardiovascular events and should be considered for risk stratification.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00549757.
An expanded circumscription for the previously monotypic Pleurospermopsis (Apiaceae) based on nrDNA ITS sequences and morphological evidence

Authors: ZHOU JING , WEI JIN , LIU ZHENWEN
Published: September 2020

Under the framework phylogeny of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae and through a carefully examination of herbarium specimens, a taxonomic revision for Pleurospermopsis (a genus originally accepted as monotypic to include P. sikkimensis as the only representative), is presented. Its circumscription is expanded to comprise Pleurospermum bicolor (Franch.) Norman ex Pan & Watson. Therefore, a new combination of Pleurospermopsis bicolor (Franch.) J. Zhou & J. Wei is proposed with full taxonomic treatments. An identification key is also provided for the genus.
Guapira siqueirae (Nyctaginaceae, Pisonieae), a new species from Espírito Santo State, Brazil

Authors: SANDOLI ROSSETTO ELSON FELIPE , FERRAZ JOSÉ ROBERTO
Published: September 2020

Guapira siqueirae is described in the present paper as a new species from the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo State (SE-Brazil). This species can be morphologically distinguished from the other Guapira species by the distal portion of the branches, the bases of the petioles and peduncle that are ferruginous-puberulous, the inflorescences with alternate or opposite branches, the lustrous adaxial surface of matures leaves, and the larger anthocarps. A distribution map and comparisons with morphologically related species are also provided.
Sinosenecio ovatifolius (Asteraceae), a new species from Guangxi, China

Authors: ZOU CHUN-YU , LIU YAN , LIU YING
Published: September 2020

Sinosenecio ovatifolius (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species occurring in northeastern Guangxi, China, is illustrated and de-scribed with report on its floral micromorphological characters, achene surface feature and chromosome number. The new spe-cies is phylogenetically close to S. guangxiensis, S. jiangxiensis, S. jiuhuashanicus, S. latouchei, S. peltatus, S. saxatilis, and S. wuyiensis. Morphology and sequence divergence of the nrITS region indicate that S. ovatifolius is well differentiated from its close relatives. It most closely resembles S. guangxiensis and S. latouchei in the scapigerous habit, leaf texture and indumentum, but differs markedly in the ovate lamina, inconspicuously undulate-dentate margin and glabrous and smooth achene surface.
Dose‐dependent association of proton pump inhibitors use with gastric intestinal metaplasia among Helicobacter pylori‐positive patients
Authors: Snir Yifat , Leibovitzh Haim , Leibovici‐Weissman Yaara , Vilkin Alex , Cohen Arnon D. , Shochat Tzippy , Niv Yaron , Dotan Iris , Feldhamer Ilan , Boltin Doron , Levi Zohar
Published: September 2020

Background

Gastric intestinal metaplasia is a pre‐cancerous condition associated with multiple factors.

Objective

We evaluated whether cumulative proton pump inhibitor dose is associated with the diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia while controlling for multiple variables.

Methods

We retrospectively identified patients who underwent upper endoscopy with gastric biopsy between 2005 and 2014. Covariate data retrieved included age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, Helicobacter pylori status (based on clarithromycin‐amoxicillin‐proton pump inhibitor issued), cumulative proton pump inhibitor issued within 10 years (quartiles [PPI‐Q1–4] of daily drug dose), anti‐parietal cell antibodies, body mass index and comorbidity index.

Results

Of the 14,147 included patients (median age 63.4 years; women 54.4%; Helicobacter pylori‐positive 29.0%), 1244 (8.8%) had gastric intestinal metaplasia. Increasing age, Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, anti‐parietal cell antibodies and proton pump inhibitor use were all associated with the diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia. Upper quartiles of cumulative proton pump inhibitor doses (PPI‐Q4 and PPI‐Q3 vs. PPI‐Q1) were associated with the diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia: adjusted odds ratios 1.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.111.57) and 1.27 (95% CI 1.07–1.52), respectively, for the whole cohort (Ptotal 0.007, Ptrend 0.013), 1.69 (95% CI 1.23–2.33) and 1.40 (95% CI 1.04–1.89), respectively, for Helicobacter pylori‐positive patients (Ptotal 0.004, Ptrend 0.005) and 1.21 (95% CI 0.98–1.49) and 1.20 (95% CI 0.96–1.49), respectively, for Helicobacter pylori‐negative patients (Ptotal 0.288, Ptrend 0.018). Upper quartiles of proton pump inhibitor dose were associated with a 5–10‐fold increased risk of low‐grade dysplasia.

Conclusions

Among Helicobacter pylori‐positive patients, proton pump inhibitor use appears to be associated with a dose‐dependent increased likelihood of gastric intestinal metaplasia.
Interferon-beta enhances sensitivity to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Blaauboer Amber , Booy Stephanie , van Koetsveld Peter M. , Karels Bas , Dogan Fadime , van Zwienen Suzanne , van Eijck Casper H. J. , Hofland Leo J.
Published: September 2020

Background

Adjuvant gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer has limited efficacy in the clinical setting. Impaired drug metabolism is associated with treatment resistance. We aimed to evaluate the chemosensitising effect of interferon-beta (IFN-β).

Methods

BxPC-3, CFPAC-1, and Panc-1 cells were pre-treated with IFN-β followed by gemcitabine monotherapy. The effect on cell growth, colony formation, and cell cycle was determined. RT-qPCR was used to measure gene expression. BxPC-3 cells were used in a heterotopic subcutaneous mouse model.

Results

IFN-β increased sensitivity to gemcitabine (4-, 7.7-, and 1.7-fold EC50 decrease in BxPC-3, CFPAC-1, and Panc-1, respectively; all P < 0.001). Findings were confirmed when assessing colony formation. The percentage of cells in the S-phase was significantly increased after IFN-β treatment only in BxPC-3 and CFPAC-1 by 12 and 7%, respectively (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Thereby, IFN-β upregulated expression of the drug transporters SLC28A1 in BxPC-3 (252%) and SLC28A3 in BxPC-3 (127%) and CFPAC-1 (223%) (all p < 0.001). In vivo, combination therapy reduced tumor volume with 45% (P = 0.01). Both ex vivo and in vivo data demonstrate a significant reduction in the number of proliferating cells, whereas apoptosis was increased.

Conclusions

For the first time, we validated the chemosensitising effects of IFN-β when combined with gemcitabine in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. This was driven by cell cycle modulation and associated with an upregulation of genes involving intracellular uptake of gemcitabine. The use of IFN-β in combination with gemcitabine seems promising in patients with pancreatic cancer and needs to be further explored.
Long-term exposure to PM10 and NO2 in relation to lung function and imaging phenotypes in a COPD cohort
Authors: Kwon Sung Ok , Hong Seok Ho , Han Young-Ji , Bak So Hyeon , Kim Junghyun , Lee Mi Kyeong , London Stephanie J. , Kim Woo Jin , Kim Sun-Young
Published: September 2020

Background

Ambient air pollution can contribute to the development and exacerbation of COPD. However, the influence of air pollution on objective COPD phenotypes, especially from imaging, is not well studied. We investigated the influence of long-term exposure to air pollution on lung function and quantitative imaging measurements in a Korean cohort of participants with and without COPD diagnosis.

Methods

Study participants (N = 457 including 296 COPD cases) were obtained from the COPD in Dusty Areas (CODA) cohort. Annual average concentrations of particulate matter less than or equal to 10 μm in diameter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were estimated at the participants’ residential addresses using a spatial air pollution prediction model. All the participants underwent volumetric computerized tomography (CT) and spirometry measurements and completed survey questionnaires. We examined the associations of PM10 and NO2 with FVC, FEV1, emphysema index, and wall area percent, using linear regression models adjusting for age, gender, education, smoking, height, weight, and COPD medication.

Results

The age of study participants averaged 71.7 years. An interquartile range difference in annual PM10 exposure of 4.4 μg/m3 was associated with 0.13 L lower FVC (95% confidence interval (CI), − 0.22- -0.05, p = 0.003). Emphysema index (mean = 6.36) was higher by 1.13 (95% CI, 0.25–2.02, p = 0.012) and wall area percent (mean = 68.8) was higher by 1.04 (95% CI, 0.27–1.80, p = 0.008). Associations with imaging phenotypes  were not observed with NO2.

Conclusions

Long-term exposure to PM10 correlated with both lung function and COPD-relevant imaging phenotypes in a Korean cohort.
Correction to: Alantolactone, a natural sesquiterpene lactone, has potent antitumor activity against glioblastoma by targeting IKKβkinase activity and interrupting NF-κB/COX-2-mediated signaling cascades
Authors: Wang Xun , Yu Zhenlong , Wang Chao , Cheng Wei , Tian Xiangge , Huo Xiaokui , Wang Yan , Sun Chengpeng , Feng Lei , Xing Jinshan , Lan Yulong , Sun Dongdong , Hou Qingjuan , Zhang Baojing , Ma Xiaochi , Zhang Bo
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Correction to: Using qualitative research to explore intervention mechanisms: findings from the trial of the learning together whole-school health intervention
Authors: Warren Emily , Melendez-Torres G. J. , Viner Russell , Bonell Chris
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Epigenetic approach in obesity: DNA methylation in a prepubertal population which underwent a lifestyle modification
Authors: Gallardo-Escribano Cristina , Buonaiuto Verónica , Ruiz-Moreno M. Isabel , Vargas-Candela Antonio , Vilches-Perez Alberto , Benitez-Porres Javier , Romance-Garcia Angel Ramon , Ruiz-Moreno Alejandro , Gomez-Huelgas Ricardo , Bernal-Lopez M. Rosa
Published: September 2020

Background

Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is a considerably controversial concept as it is considered a transitory condition towards the development of different pathologies (type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, or cardiovascular disease). MHO is closely related to lifestyle and environmental factors. Epigenetics has become an essential biological tool to analyze the link between obesity and metabolic status. The aim of this study was to determine whether MHO status is conditioned by the DNA methylation (DNAm) of several genes related to lipid metabolism (lipoprotein lipase, retinoid X receptor alpha, liver X receptor, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, sterol regulatory element binding factor 1), and inflammation (LEP) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 131 prepubertal subjects with MHO phenotype after lifestyle modifications with personalized Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) combined with a physical activity (PA) program.

Results

The DNAm of all studied genes were significantly modified in the population after 12 months of lifestyle modifications (MedDiet and PA). In addition, associations were found between the DNAm studies and BMI, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid, moderate-vigorous PA, fat mass, and adherence to MedDiet.

Conclusions

It was found that DNAm of genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammation are also present in childhood and that this methylation profile can be modified by interventions based on MedDiet and PA.
Peptidome analysis of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) conditioned medium from preterm and term infants
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Lin , Wu Yun , Zhu Rongping , Wang Yan , Cao Yan , Long Wei , Ji Chenbo , Wang Huaiyan , You Lianghui
Published: September 2020

Background

The therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been widely confirmed in several animal models of premature infant diseases. Micromolecule peptides have shown promise for the treatment of premature infant diseases. However, the potential role of peptides secreted from MSCs has not been studied. The purpose of this study is to help to broaden the knowledge of the hUC-MSC secretome at the peptide level through peptidomic profile analysis.

Methods

We used tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling technology followed by tandem mass spectrometry to compare the peptidomic profile of preterm and term umbilical cord MSC (hUC-MSC) conditioned medium (CM). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) were conducted to explore the differentially expressed peptides by predicting the functions of their precursor proteins. To evaluate the effect of candidate peptides on human lung epithelial cells stimulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were, respectively, adopted to detect inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) expression levels at the mRNA and protein levels.

Results

A total of 131 peptides derived from 106 precursor proteins were differentially expressed in the preterm hUC-MSC CM compared with the term group, comprising 37 upregulated peptides and 94 downregulated peptides. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these differentially expressed peptides may be associated with developmental disorders, inflammatory response, and organismal injury. We also found that peptides 7118TGAKIKLVGT7127 derived from MUC19 and 508AAAAGPANVH517 derived from SIX5 reduced the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in H2O2-treated human lung epithelial cells.

Conclusions

In summary, this study provides further secretomics information on hUC-MSCs and provides a series of peptides that might have antiinflammatory effects on pulmonary epithelial cells and contribute to the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in premature infants.
Roles of stay-green (SGR) homologs during chlorophyll degradation in green plants
Authors: Jiao Baozhen , Meng Qingwei , Lv Wei
Published: September 2020

Chlorophyll (Chl) degradation is one of the most obvious signs of leaf senescence and fruit ripening. Stay-green (SGR) homologs that can remove magnesium from Chl a are the most important components in Chl degradation pathway in green plants. SGR homologs are not only universally involved in Chl breakdown during the senescence of green organs, but also play crucial roles in other organs during plant growth and development, such as fruit mature and nodule development. In this review, we focus on the diverse functions of SGR homologs in plant growth and development. A better understanding of SGR would be helpful for providing a theoretical basis for further illustrating the regulatory mechanism of SGR homologs.
Can 3D surgical planning and patient specific instrumentation reduce hip implant inventory? A prospective study
Authors: Di Laura Anna , Henckel Johann , Hothi Harry , Hart Alister
Published: September 2020

Background

Modern designs of joint replacements require a large inventory of components to be available during surgery. Pre-operative CT imaging aids 3D surgical planning and implant sizing, which should reduce the inventory size and enhance clinical outcome. We aimed to better understand the impact of the use of 3D surgical planning and Patient Specific Instrumentation (PSI) on hip implant inventory.

Methods

An initial feasibility study of 25 consecutive cases was undertaken to assess the discrepancy between the planned component sizes and those implanted to determine whether it was possible to reduce the inventory for future cases. Following this, we performed a pilot study to investigate the effect of an optimized inventory stock on the surgical outcome: we compared a group of 20 consecutive cases (experimental) with the 25 cases in the feasibility study (control). We assessed: (1) accuracy of the 3D planning system in predicting size (%); (2) inventory size changes (%); (3) intra and post-operative complications.

Results

The feasibility study showed variability within 1 size range, enabling us to safely optimize inventory stock for the pilot study. (1) 3D surgical planning correctly predicted sizes in 93% of the femoral and 89% of the acetabular cup components; (2) there was a 61% reduction in the implant inventory size; (3) we recorded good surgical outcomes with no difference between the 2 groups, and all patients had appropriately sized implants.

Conclusions

3D planning is accurate in up to 95% of the cases. CT-based planning can reduce inventory size in the hospital setting potentially leading to a reduction in costs.
Descriptive profile of the occurrence of arboviruses in Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: De Almeida Julia Fernandes Parenti , Alves Waneska Alexandra
Published: September 2020

Objective: The objectives of this study were to analyse the clinical-demographic profile of arbovirus cases in Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2015 and 2016, and the incompleteness of notifications. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of arboviruses was performed using secondary data. All reported autochthonous probable cases (confirmed and suspected) of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika were included. Results: In total, 4,207 cases (dengue), 3,310 (zika) and 130 (chikungunya) were reported; the annual incidence rates (per 100,000 inhabitants) were 752.1 cases (dengue), 24.3 (chikungunya) and 591.8 (zika). February was the month with the highest notification for 3 arboviruses and female individuals were the most frequently affected. The most frequent age range for dengue was between 21 and 30 years old (20.3%), for chikungunya was over 50 years old (23.5%) and for zika was under 10 years old (28.6%). The most incident symptoms in dengue were fever (3.2%), headache (2.9%) and myalgia (2.6%), in chikungunya were arthralgia (46.6%), exanthema (37.5%) and myalgia (29.4%); for zika, the symptoms weren’t reported in the notification form. Very poor or poor completeness were verified in 77.4% (dengue), 34.6% (chikungunya), 22.2% (zika). Conclusions: The clinical-demographic profile of arboviruses in Governador Valadares is represented by women, aged between 21 and 40 years old, with complaints of fever, headache, myalgia and, particularly in chikungunya, arthralgia. The high percentage of unfilled fields in notification forms for 3 arboviruses is a serious limitation for public health actions against them.
Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities via k-fractional integrals concerning differentiable generalized η-convex mappings
Authors: Kashuri Artion , Liko Rozana
Published: September 2020

The authors discover a new identity concerning differentiable mappings dened on (m; g; θ)-invex set via k-fractional integrals. By using the obtained identity as an auxiliary result, some new estimates with respect to Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities via k-fractional integrals for generalized-m-(((h1 ∘g)p; (h2 ∘g)q); (η1; η2))-convex mappings are presented. It is pointed out that some new special cases can be deduced from the main results. Also, some applications to special means for different positive real numbers are provided.
Structure and classification of Hom-associative algebras
Authors: Makhlouf Abdenacer , Zahari Ahmed
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this paper is to study the structure and the algebraic varieties of Hom-associative algebras. We characterize multiplicative simple Hom-associative algebras and give some examples deforming the 2 × 2-matrix algebra to simple Hom-associative algebras. We provide a classification of n-dimensional Hom-associative algebras for n ≤ 3. Then we study irreducible components using deformation theory.
Category theoretical view of I-cluster and I-limit points of subsequences
Authors: Miller-Van Wieren Leila , Taş Emre , Yurdakadim ‪Tuğba
Published: September 2020

We study the concepts of I-limit and I-cluster points of a sequence, where I is an ideal with the Baire property. We obtain the relationship between I-limit and I-cluster points of a subsequence of a given sequence and the set of its classical limit points in the sense of category theory.
Existence of positive solutions to multi-point third order problems with sign changing nonlinearities
Authors: Dogan Abdulkadir , Graef John R.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the authors examine the existence of positive solutions to a third-order boundary value problem having a sign changing nonlinearity. The proof makes use of fixed point index theory. An example is included to illustrate the applicability of the results.
Fake news and oral healthcare
Authors: Dias da Silva Marco Antonio , Walmsley Anthony Damien
Published: September 2020

Fake news is a recurrent issue in healthcare. Dentistry is not immune to its influence. Patients might find it more convenient to use the Internet to learn more about their oral and dental problems. However, online content may often be misleading and potentially harmful. The advent of COVID-19 has exacerbated the problem. Here, we present simple actions to empower dental professionals against the proliferation of fake news. Understanding the implications of our online activity is important for professionals and our patients.
Splendid isolation: a practical guide to the use of rubber dam part 2
Authors: Mackenzie Louis , Waplington Mike , Bonsor Steve
Published: September 2020

Rubber dam isolation is generally considered to be the optimal method of moisture control in dentistry and is taught at the vast majority of dental schools worldwide. Unfortunately, undergraduate training does not always translate into use in dental practice, with the majority of clinicians never using a rubber dam, even for endodontic procedures, where its use is regarded as the standard of care nationally and internationally. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased interest in the use of rubber dam as a highly effective infection control barrier. As professional and patient experience of rubber dam isolation is extremely limited, this paper, and the preceding one, are designed to support the practical training of clinical teams in the confident, skilful use of rubber dam. Part two provides a practical guide to rubber dam isolation techniques for endodontic and operative/restorative procedures.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Mastering rubber dam isolation will enhance patient care and be professionally rewarding for clinical teams.
The restoration of structurally compromised endodontically treated teeth: principles and indications of post and core restorations
Authors: Ahmed Reem , Dubal Raj
Published: September 2020

The use of posts to retain indirect restorations in structurally compromised teeth is a technique that has been used for many years. There are many factors that need to be considered prior to the provision of post- and core-retained crowns to reduce the risk of failure. This includes case selection and an understanding of the cumulative prognostic endodontic, periodontal and prosthodontic factors. Many clinicians are hesitant to use post- and core-retained restorations, due to an uncertainty of whether the treatment modality would work, and with some seeing it as an out-dated clinical technique. The evolution and widespread use of dental implants has also provided an additional fixed tooth replacement option, which may result in a reduced drive to retain structurally compromised teeth. As a result, fewer post-retained restorations are being placed, with the majority of these being old restorations present in the older age demographic. It is important for this treatment modality to remain within a clinician's armamentarium, not only for application when clinically appropriate but, with an ageing population with a heavily restored dentition, clinicians must be able to repair and replace these restorations when necessary.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: A sound understanding of the biological and technical considerations in the provision of post and core restorations will allow clinicians to offer this treatment modality to appropriate patients with greater predictability and reduced failure rates.