bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The recovery of parabolic avalanches in spatially subsampled neuronal networks at criticality
Authors: Srinivasan Keshav , Ribeiro Tiago L. , Kells Patrick , Plenz Dietmar
Published: August 2024

Scaling relationships are key in characterizing complex systems at criticality. In the brain, they are evident in neuronal avalanches—scale-invariant cascades of neuronal activity quantified by power laws. Avalanches manifest at the cellular level as cascades of neuronal groups that fire action potentials simultaneously. Such spatiotemporal synchronization is vital to theories on brain function yet avalanche synchronization is often underestimated when only a fraction of neurons is observed. Here, we investigate biases from fractional sampling within a balanced network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons with all-to-all connectivity and critical branching process dynamics. We focus on how mean avalanche size scales with avalanche duration. For parabolic avalanches, this scaling is quadratic, quantified by the scaling exponent, χ = 2, reflecting rapid spatial expansion of simultaneous neuronal firing over short durations. However, in networks sampled fractionally, χ is significantly lower. We demonstrate that applying temporal coarse-graining and increasing a minimum threshold for coincident firing restores χ = 2, even when as few as 0.1% of neurons are sampled. This correction crucially depends on the network being critical and fails for near sub- and supercritical branching dynamics. Using cellular 2-photon imaging, our approach robustly identifies χ = 2 over a wide parameter regime in ongoing neuronal activity from frontal cortex of awake mice. In contrast, the common ‘crackling noise’ approach fails to determine χ under similar sampling conditions at criticality. Our findings overcome scaling bias from fractional sampling and demonstrate rapid, spatiotemporal synchronization of neuronal assemblies consistent with scale-invariant, parabolic avalanches at criticality.
Effect of different inner pressures of air insoles and walking durations on plantar pressure time integral
Authors: Ramadhan Gilang Titah , Haris Fahni , Jan Yih-Kuen , Liau Ben-Yi , Chang Wen-Thong , Tai Chien-Cheng , Lung Chi-Wen
Published: August 2024

Air insoles have provided insights for reducing the risk of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The pressure time integral (PTI) is an effective assessment that considers the time effect in various physical activities. We investigated the interactions between three different insole inner pressures (80, 160, and 240 mmHg) and two walking durations (10 and 20 min). The big toe (T1), first metatarsal head (M1), and second metatarsal head (M2) were investigated in 13 healthy participants. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effects of each insole inner pressure significantly differed (P < 0.05) with a 10 min walking duration. The PTI values resulting from 80 mmHg in M2 (38.4 ± 3.8, P = 0.002) and 160 mmHg in M1 (44.3 ± 4.3, P = 0.027) were lower than those from 240 mmHg. Additionally, the paired t test showed that the effects of each walking duration were also considerably different at 160 mmHg. The PTI at 10 min was lower than that at 20 min in M1 (44.31 ± 4.31, P = 0.015) and M2 (47.14 ± 5.27, P = 0.047). Thus, we suggest that walking with a pressure of 160 mmHg for 10 min has a lower risk of DFU.
Autologous exosomes loaded with a rationally designed photosensitizer for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Qian Yuhan , Li Chong , Gao Ji , Wang Shuxian , Wu Xue , Wei Luyao , Zha Menglei , Shi Yuxin , Kang Tianyi , Li Kai
Published: August 2024

We present generalizing statistical surrogate models to optimize photosensitizer selection and enhance photodynamic therapy efficacy by encapsulating it into autologous exosomes.
Interfacial engineering with trivalent cations for efficient and stable inverted inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Zezhang , Xu Tianfei , Li Nan , Liu Yali , Li Kun , Fan Zihao , Tan Jieke , Chen Dehong , Liu Shengzhong , Xiang Wanchun
Published: August 2024

p–i–n inorganic PSCs with ytterbium cation surface treatment achieve an efficiency of 21.4% with enhanced stability, benefiting from improved interfacial band energy alignment, reduced surface defects and iodide migration.
An in situ crosslinked matrix enables efficient and mechanically robust organic solar cells with frozen nano-morphology and superior deformability
Authors: Song Wei , Chen Zhenyu , Lin Congqi , Zhang Pilan , Sun Dinghong , Zhang Weifu , Ge Jinfeng , Xie Lin , Peng Ruixiang , Yang Daobin , Liu Quan , Xu Yifei , Ge Ziyi
Published: August 2024

An in-situ cross-linkable monomer is carefully developed into blend films to finely manipulate the molecular packing, crystallization and nanomorphology during film formation. As a result, stabilized PCEs of 19.84% for the rigid device and 18.32% for flexible organic solar cells are achieved.
Fungal diversity and key functional gene abundance in Iowa bioretention cells: implications for stormwater remediation potential
Authors: Wiener Erica A. , Ewald Jessica M. , LeFevre Gregory H.
Published: August 2024

Fungal communities within bioretention cells were diverse, including taxa capable of biodegrading recalcitrant contaminants, and influenced by plant type. Fungal functional genes demonstrate bioremediation potential in stormwater infrastructure.
Unveiling the anti-inflammatory potential of 11β,13-dihydrolactucin for application in inflammatory bowel disease management
Authors: Matos Melanie S. , Ávila-Gálvez María Ángeles , González-Sarrías Antonio , Silva Nuno-Valério , Crespo Carolina Lage , Jacinto António , Serra Ana Teresa , Matias Ana A. , Nunes dos Santos Cláudia
Published: August 2024

11β,13-Dihydrolactucin, a sesquiterpene lactone found in chicory, presents promising anti-inflammatory potential in complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal inflammation, acting at several levels of the cellular inflammatory response.
Effects of konjac glucomannan intake patterns on glucose and lipid metabolism of obese mice induced by a high fat diet
Authors: Zhu Sijia , Yang Jiyu , Xia Pengkui , Li Sha , Wang Qi , Li Kaikai , Li Bin , Li Jing
Published: August 2024

Any type of KGM intake pattern could reduce body weight and fat mass in obese mice. However, KGM sol has the most significant effect on controlling blood glucose and blood lipid.
Tracking of lineage mass via quantitative phase imaging and confinement in low refractive index microwells
Authors: Zhang Jingzhou , Griffin Justin , Roy Koushik , Hoffmann Alexander , Zangle Thomas A.
Published: August 2024

This work combines refractive-index-matched microwells with quantitative phase imaging to track the lineage and mass of single founder cells.
Sequencing, assembly, and genomic annotation of Leucoagaricus gongylophorus LEU18496, a dikarya mutualistic species
Authors: Castillo-Alfonso Freddy , Valadez-Cano Cecilio , Cejas-Añón Gabriela , Utrilla José , Sigala Alanis Juan-Carlos , Le Borgne Sylvie , Sales-Cruz Alfonso Mauricio , Vigueras-Ramírez Gabriel , Olivares-Hernández Roberto
Published: August 2024

It was possible to assembly the genome of L. gongylophorus the assembly reflects a bipartite genome highly enriched in AT that has a structure not common for the order Agaricales; this observation has not been previously reported.
Functionalized ZIF-67@CdS for photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol coupled with hydrogen production
Authors: Wang Tao , Shi Mengyao , Guo Changyan , Wang Jide
Published: August 2024

The CdS@ZIF-67 composite was fabricated for the selective photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and simultaneously produces hydrogen through water splitting.
Suppression of surface optical phonon scattering by AlN interfacial layers for mobility enhancement in MoS2 FETs
Authors: Hong Woonggi , Shim Gi Woong , Jin Hyeok Jun , Park Hamin , Kang Mingu , Yang Sang Yoon , Choi Sung-Yool
Published: August 2024

By considerably suppressing surface optical phonon scattering through the insertion of AlN interfacial layers, MoS2 FETs show enhanced field-effect mobility at room temperature, compared with those using only Al2O3.
On the grain boundary charge transport in p-type polycrystalline nanoribbon transistors
Authors: Sarkar Prakash , Muhammed Ali A. V. , Ghorai Gurupada , Pradhan Prabhanjan , Patra Biplab K. , Sagade Abhay A. , Rao K. D. M.
Published: August 2024

Quantitative analysis of grain boundaries and its influence on hole conduction through nanoribbon transistors is carried out by temperature dependent electrical measurements and analytical charge transport models.
Sustainable preparation of AuAg alloy@AgBr Janus nanoparticles via dissipative self-assembly for photocatalysis
Authors: Sharma Kanica , Singh Harjinder , Singh Gurbir , Kaur Navdeep , Kumar Pati Pratap , Singh Kuldeep , Kumar Arvind , Kang Tejwant Singh
Published: August 2024

Controlled symmetry breaking for the preparation of AuAg alloy@AgBr JNPs is achieved via non-conventional top-down approach utilizing dissipative self-assembly driven by sunlight in the presence of ascorbic acid as a mild reducing agent.
Highly stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosylated carboxylic acids by phenanthroline catalysis
Authors: Alom Nur-E. , Rani Neha , Schlegel H. Bernhard , Nguyen Hien M.
Published: August 2024

Access to challenging α-glycosylated carboxylic acids in excellent levels of diastereoselectivity was achieved using 2,9-di-butyl-1,10-phenanthroline as an effective catalyst.
Assessment of the radionuclide and chemical composition of the Irtysh River water at the Republic of Kazakhstan territory
Authors: Aidarkhanova A. , Larionova N. , Tashekova A. , Dyussembayeva M. , Mamyrbayeva A. , Timonova L. , Shakenov Ye. , Mulikova A. , Aidarkhanov A.
Published: August 2024

The transboundary Irtysh River flows through the territory of three states: China, Kazakhstan and Russia.
Exfoliation of a metal–organic framework enabled by post-synthetic cleavage of a dipyridyl dianthracene ligand
Authors: Logelin Madison E. , Schreiber Eric , Mercado Brandon Q. , Burke Michael J. , Davis Caitlin M. , Bartholomew Amymarie K.
Published: August 2024

A three-dimensional MOF featuring an anthracene dimer ligand analogous to 4,4′-bipyridine undergoes selective dimensional reduction into a two-dimensional framework that can be mechanically exfoliated.
Oxygen vacancy enhanced catalytic oxidation of H2S based on ZnO-incorporated N-doped hollow carbon nanofibers for cathode construction for high-performance Li–S batteries
Authors: Sun Minghui , Wang Xuzhen , Ji Xingliang , Qin Lei , Zhao Zongbin , Qiu Jieshan
Published: August 2024

Od-ZnO/NHCFs as an oxygen-vacancy catalyst exhibit enhanced desulfurization capability with the in situ construction of an S@Od-ZnO/ZnS/NHCF heterostructure, which is used as a cathode for LSBs.
Preparation of phase-pure MgTiO3 microwave dielectric ceramics for GPS antenna application
Authors: Mali Dhananjay , Rajaram Naveenraj , Vehale Ruchita , Shinde Manish , Umarji Govind , Rane Sunit
Published: August 2024

MgTiO3 is an important dielectric material used in microwave applications. Herein, use of phase pure MgTiO3 in GPS antenna application is presented.
Incorporating amidine groups into photonic cholesteric polymer networks for food quality sensing
Authors: Zhou Tao , Mai Zhijian , Zeng Zhiwen , Feng Yancong , Zhou Guofu , Wang Yao , de Haan Laurens T.
Published: August 2024

A new liquid crystal monomer with an amidine group was developed and built into a cholesteric network. Color change upon exposure to acid, good control of the colours and extent of the colour shift, and sensing of milk spoilage, are reported.
Promoting convergence and efficacy of open‐domain question answering via unsupervised clustering
Authors: Liu Shuoyan , Han Qiuchi
Published: August 2024

Open‐Domain Question Answering (ODQA) has attracted increasing interests due to its extensive applications in search engines and smart robots. In the experiments, it is observed that the convergence of the method has a huge effect on the generalizability performance. Motivated by this observation, an unsupervised clustering technique (namely, ClusSampling) is proposed to promote both the convergence and efficacy of existing ODQA methods via unsupervised clustering. Specifically, unsupervised clustering is first conducted and then negative samples are selected for higher similarity to the questions. In addition, the authors propose to use gap statistics to determine the optimal number of clusters. Experimental results show that the method achieves notable speedup during training and produces accuracy gains of 5.3% and 2.2 on two widely used benchmarks.
Glaucoma detection with explainable AI using convolutional neural networks based feature extraction and machine learning classifiers
Authors: Velpula Vijaya Kumar , Sharma Diksha , Sharma Lakhan Dev , Roy Amarjit , Bhuyan Manas Kamal , Alfarhood Sultan , Safran Mejdl
Published: August 2024

Glaucoma is an eye disease that damages the optic nerve as a result of vision loss, it is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Due to the time‐consuming, inaccurate, and manual nature of traditional methods, automation in glaucoma detection is important. This paper proposes an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) based model for automatic glaucoma detection using pre‐trained convolutional neural networks (PCNNs) and machine learning classifiers (MLCs). PCNNs are used as feature extractors to obtain deep features that can capture the important visual patterns and characteristics from fundus images. Using extracted features MLCs then classify glaucoma and healthy images. An empirical selection of the CNN and MLC parameters has been made in the performance evaluation. In this work, a total of 1,865 healthy and 1,590 glaucoma images from different fundus datasets were used. The results on the ACRIMA dataset show an accuracy, precision, and recall of 98.03%, 97.61%, and 99%, respectively. Explainable artificial intelligence aims to create a model to increase the user's trust in the model's decision‐making process in a transparent and interpretable manner. An assessment of image misclassification has been carried out to facilitate future investigations.
Real‐time pricing for smart grid with multiple energy coexistence on the user side
Authors: Zhao Na , Lv Jianfeng , Gao Yan , Tang Jun , Zhou Fuying
Published: August 2024

With the development of new technology for multiple energy applications, household appliances using electricity and other energy sources are becoming increasingly abundant. Users can freely choose the way of energy consumption based on the price of electricity and other energy sources. The phenomenon has become one of the important factors affecting real‐time pricing. This study considers real‐time pricing in the case of multiple energy coexistence on the user side. According to the spatiotemporal coupling of electricity and other energy sources and the relationship between other energy sources and total energy consumption, an optimization model that satisfies the actual situation is established. By using the relaxation theory and dual decomposition technology, a partially distributed algorithm is proposed for multi‐period coupling and finding the optimal energy scheduling scheme for the energy company and each user, so as to maximize social welfare. In addition, under the background of multiple energy coupling, real‐time pricing can guide users to adjust their electricity consumption behaviour vertically and horizontally, change the type of energy, meet energy demand for end users and effectively reduce the peak‐to‐average ratio. Simulation results verify the rationality of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm.
A novel prediction method for low wind output processes under very few samples based on improved W‐DCGAN
Authors: Liu Shihua , Wang Han , Song Weiye , Han Shuang , Yan Jie , Liu Yongqian
Published: August 2024

The threat of long‐term low wind output processes (LWOP) on the supply ability of the power system is escalating with the increasing integration of wind power. Accurate prediction of LWOP is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of the power system. However, the occurrence probability of LWOP is low and the available samples are lacking, limiting the high‐accuracy predictive modeling of LWOP. Therefore, a novel prediction method for LWOP under very few samples based on improved Wasserstein deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (W‐DCGAN) is proposed here. Firstly, a multi‐dimensional identification method is proposed to accurately identify historical LWOP. Then, an LWOP sample generation model based on improved W‐DCGAN is established. The model integrates a long short‐term memory layer into the deconvolutional layer of the generator to enhance the temporal characteristics of generated samples. Finally, three prediction algorithms are used to construct LWOP prediction models based on both generated and actual samples, respectively. The wind power operation data from a province in China is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the prediction accuracy of LWOP can be improved by 14.36%–55.85%.
Auralization of electric vehicles for the perceptual evaluation of acoustic vehicle alerting systems
Authors: Müller Leon , Kropp Wolfgang
Published: August 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) typically emit little noise at low driving speeds, which increases the risk of accidents for vulnerable road users such as pedestrians. To reduce this risk, regulations demand that newly sold EVs have to be equipped with an acoustic vehicle alerting system (AVAS), which radiates artificial warning sounds. Developing AVAS sounds that provide a sufficient warning capability while limiting traffic noise annoyance requires laboratory listening experiments; such experiments need accurate auralization methods. Even though several auralization tools are already established in the research field, those frameworks require additional data to simulate EVs. This paper presents an electric vehicle auralization toolchain combined with an open-access database, including AVAS measurements, synthesis algorithms, and numerically calculated sound source directivities for three different electric passenger cars. The auralization method was validated numerically and in a listening experiment, comparing simulated EV passages to binaural in-situ recordings. The results of this perceptual validation indicate that stimuli generated with the presented method are perceived as slightly less plausible than in-situ recordings and that they result in a similar distribution of annoyance ratings but a higher perceived vehicle velocity compared to the reference recordings.
Prediction of machining errors for free-form surfaces based on an improved grey model (1,N)
Authors: Ma Dayang , Chen Yueping
Published: August 2024

An improved grey model (GM) for predicting free-form surface machining errors was established to address the low measuring efficiencies of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and the low prediction accuracy of the GM(1,1) model. A number of points on a free-form surface are measured with a CMM, and machining errors are obtained. Ideas from metabolic methods and the GM(1,N) prediction model were combined. To reduce the impact of random fluctuations of the machining errors, a Markov prediction model was then used to correct the fitted results for the residuals and obtain the predicted results of the machining errors for free-form surfaces, thus improving the prediction accuracy of the model. The predicted results of the metabolic GM(1,1) and metabolic GM(1,N) models were then compared. The experimental results showed that the combination of metabolic theory, a grey model, and Markov theory effectively improved the prediction accuracy.
National cultural peculiarities of the name of the musical instruments
Authors: Umurkulov Zafar , Bozorov Khamid , Kabilov Mirziyo
Published: August 2024

The article reflects on Uzbek folk instruments and talks about their role in the linguistics of the Uzbek people. It is also thought about the use of our National Instruments in folk tales as one of the important instruments that represent our national culture.
The artistic concepts of “nation” and “homeland” in Uzbek literature of the 20-30s of the 20th century
Authors: Khudayberdiyev Akram
Published: August 2024

The article, using the example of the works of authors of this period, highlights the formation of a new generation, new thinking, socialist concepts, and views in Uzbek literature of the 20-30s of the 20th century. Various artistic interpretations of the concepts of “homeland” and “nation” in the works of different poets revealed their meaning and essence in Uzbek literature of this period. The method and research of poets on the path of modern interpretation of these concepts are substantiated. Based on the analysis, the genesis of the concepts “homeland” and “nation” and their formation’s historical, philosophical, religious, and social factors are shown.
The role of external components of the speech act in a provocative psychotherapy session
Authors: Nikolenko Petr , Nikolenko Olga , Matveeva Galina , Murugova Elena
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes the external speech act components in the session of provocative psychotherapy and characterizes their functional roles. The aim of the paper is to study the process of speech interaction between a psychotherapist and his patient from the perspective of implicit pragmalinguistics, to identify relevant factors that realize the speaker’s intentions to influence the listener, to determine the conditions for their implementation. The relevance of highlighting the designated range of problems is explained by the interest to them of both highly specialized doctor engaged in pragmalinguistics, and the general public - people who want to know the process of speech creation, capable of readjusting the thinking process and/or behavior of a person requiring psychological help. The study is based on the classification of external components of an act of speech highlighted in 1975 by D.H. Hymes: speaker, listener, message form, topic, code, communication channel and setting. These components were studied by the authors from the position of latent pragmalinguistics on the basis of medical discourse of the psychotherapeutic genre, so variant denotations were given for the speaker and the listener: the speaker is the sender of the text or the psychotherapist; the listener is the receiver of the text or the patient. The study of the external components functionality of the speech act was based on R. Jakobson’s works devoted to this topic. Studying the external components function of a speech act in psychotherapy, the authors come to the conclusion that each of them is subordinated to the common goal of any speech creation - to influence the interlocutor (in our case - the patient) implicitly, to transform the destructive worldview attitudes and to induce him to a certain speech act. Such an effect is carried out by means of actualization of grammatical forms, common for both participants of speech interaction.
The problem of morality and humanity in the work of the Chechen poet Umar Yarichev
Authors: Kilabova M.A. , Rasumov V.Sh. , Yasaeva M. L.
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the issues of the creative path of U. Yarichev. Using the example of several works, a small analysis of poetic works was carried out. The work of this poet is permeated with high human morality and philosophy, kindness and faith in the best. Issues of the author’s creative and life path are also covered. The work of Umar Yarichev is permeated with high human morality, morality, patriotism and courage. But in the first place is still high humanity and citizenship. Each poem by a given author has its own history and direction; a poem is a parting word, a poem is a call.
Language as a tool of communication: How it reveals cultural reality and forms our spirit
Authors: Dzhukaeva M.A. , Abueva N.N. , Mamedova G.B.
Published: August 2024

A language is a means of communication by which man, in a different way in each community, analyses his experiences into units that have their semantic content and a phonetic expression, the moments. This phonetic expression is in turn divided into distinctive, consecutive units, the phonemes, which occur in a certain number in each language and whose nature and mutual relationship also vary from language to language. This implies that we use the term language solely to designate a means of communication that id double structured and manifested in sound, that apart from this common basis, nothing in the true sense belongs to language as a system that could not be different from one language to another; it is in this sense that it is to be understood when it is said that linguistic facts are arbitrary.
A	review	of	some	experimental	methods	for studying the semantics of lexical units
Authors: Mamalova Khouzu , Makhaev Mair , Mezhidova Kamila
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the presentation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of experimental studies of the semantics of linguistic units. It is stated that the anthropocentric paradigm is one of the leading paradigms in modern world linguistics. There are numerous scientific schools in different countries of the world working within the framework of the anthropocentric paradigm. The article describes some words meanings experimental studies methods that are actively used by linguists in the Russian Federation. A review analysis of the methodology of semantic scaling, the method of free associations, perceptional experiment, directional association experiment and a chain association experiment are given. It is concluded that the combined use of these techniques in the linguistic research process is necessary, since this approach allows obtaining the most complete picture of the psycholinguistic processes occurring in the minds of native speakers.
Methods of using interactive technologies in technical university
Authors: Morozova Yanina , Rozhnenko Oksana , Guledani Diana
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the theoretical justification of the necessity of using forms of interactive foreign language teaching in higher education institutions on the example of students of “Logopaedics”, as well as to the experimental verification of the necessary pedagogical conditions for it. Methods of interactive learning are rarely used in pedagogical practice, because most programmes are rather conservative and do not provide for active work of students. The following pedagogical conditions are proposed for the implementation of interactive foreign language teaching: activation of the students’ educational and professional activity by increasing their motivation for professional foreign language activity, change of the teacher’s position from the leader to the dual position of the organiser-participant of the joint educational activity, use of interactive methods and forms of conducting training sessions, development of the content of the academic discipline in the direction of interactive learning.
Linguistic interviewing as a productive method of studying linguistic consciousness (pedagogical aspect)
Authors: Mezhidova Kamila , Makhaev Mair , Mamalova Khouzu
Published: August 2024

The article describes some methods of linguistic interviewing that are used in research by scientists of the Russian Voronezh psycholinguistic school. An overview and analysis of such techniques as attribution of given signs to meaning, free attribution of signs to meaning, a method for supplementing a test phrase, a method for filling in a comparative construction and a method for directional commenting on word usage are presented. It is stated that the methods of linguistic interviewing allow us to build productive models of linguistic consciousness. The theoretical significance of the results obtained by using linguistic interviewing techniques lies in the acquisition of new scientific data on the real semantic structure of lexical items, which can be used in further studies of the nature and functions of linguistic units. The practical significance of the results lies in the fact that they can be used in the educational process, in business, politics, etc.
The algorithm for articulating meanings of entrepreneurship as a social concept
Authors: Baryshev Aleksey , Kashpur Valeriya
Published: August 2024

The development of social sciences based on positivism led to a multiplicity of social concepts’ definitions. The study aims to operationalize a constructionist approach to the formation of concepts’ meanings in specific place and time. The study used metadata of articles on entrepreneurship from OpenAlex with the “entrepreneurship as” search syntagm. The resulting sets of authors’ operational metaphors and analogies were analyzed semantically and contextually; social cartography was used to study the distribution of meanings within discourse. The results of the study are: (1) identification and schematic modeling of social concept`s sense as an outcome of discourse consolidation process through basic metaphor detection; (2) the notion explication and schematic modeling of the concept`s meaning as an interplay of complementary tensions within discourse; (3) the construction of a generalized model of articulation and dispersion of the social concept’s meanings based on the interaction of discourse’s metaphors and its tenseness.
The impact of digital technologies on the development of students’ intercultural skills
Authors: Zarema Khachestsukova , Vladimir Elkin , Raisa Gatsaeva
Published: August 2024

As information and communication technologies advance and permeate every facet of human life, the creation of information-rich environments highlights the critical need for modern competencies in using these technologies effectively. Mastery of these skills is essential for future graduates of higher educational institutions to adapt proactively to changes in diverse spheres of public life. Additionally, the adoption of these technologies significantly accelerates the learning process for foreign languages, stimulates cognitive engagement and independence, and enhances motivation for learning. It is crucial to emphasize that alongside the imperative of nurturing comprehensive personal development, the Federal State Educational Standard for higher education prioritizes integrating interactive (electronic and information communication) learning technologies with active (communicative) methods in educational programs. Despite the growing prevalence of information and communication technologies, including the Internet, their adoption and application in higher professional education remain somewhat limited. This constraint arises from ongoing efforts to explore innovative ways to integrate these technologies into educational practices while balancing traditional teaching methods. Challenges also include the need for further development of effective methodologies for leveraging information and communication technologies, as well as addressing the current lack of adequate resource support for educational activities.
The role of language training in the formation of intercultural relations and mutual understanding
Authors: Fatima Outleva , Aibike Dzhumaeva , Fariza Kulaeva
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the international dimension of higher education in the Russian Federation has become increasingly prominent, driven by both external and internal factors. Externally, the globalization of the economy, the creation of a unified informational educational space, and evolving labor market demands necessitate new specialist training standards. Internally, the growing strength of the Russian economy has led to a greater integration of foreign experts in various economic projects within Russia. Globalization has significantly transformed social life, emphasizing the importance of foreign language proficiency and intercultural professional communication skills. These competencies facilitate access to global knowledge and foster mutual understanding among people from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds, particularly in professional settings. Intercultural communication, which integrates insights from various scientific disciplines, seeks to identify and address the root causes of issues arising from interactions between different cultures, aiming to mitigate and resolve these challenges effectively.
The role of pedagogical optimism and the teacher’s communication abilities in the process of children’s learning
Authors: Arskieva Zalia Abasovna
Published: August 2024

In this article, we consider the features of a teacher’s professional orientation as pedagogical optimism and the teacher’s communication skills as a single whole on which the success of the learning process depends. If we compare these qualities as professional in every teacher , then they serve the success of the teacher’s practical activities, and if we consider from the point of view of students’ mastery of educational material, then we can safely say, according to our empirical research, that the process of mastering educational material is built effectively and fruitfully; children willingly communicate with the teacher and find ways to master the programs provided for training and development. In our work, we provided scientific substantiation of the fact of mutual conditionality, i.e. correlation of two directions of success of the professional activity of the teacher himself and the process of mastering knowledge by students.
Formation of professional competence among students in a pedagogical university
Authors: Bazaeva Fatima , Magomeddibirova Zulpat , Uzdenova Alina
Published: August 2024

In the current socio-economic landscape, there is a growing demand for socially active and creative individuals who can make independent decisions and take personal responsibility for their implementation. Consequently, the development of professional competence in individuals has become increasingly important. A high level of professional competence enhances the competitiveness of future specialists. The teaching profession, as one of the most complex forms of human activity, uniquely focuses on both its object and subject. This dual focus places unparalleled responsibility on educators to humanity and to individuals for the outcomes of their work. Consequently, it is essential to reassess the role of teaching in society and to intentionally guide future teachers toward embracing the humanistic values inherent in the profession.
Cultural adaptation in the educational environment: The role of pedagogical support
Authors: Lyudmila Kubrina , Aza Kalashaova , Kizkhanum Kafarova
Published: August 2024

The study’s relevance is underscored by global trends in globalization, where enhancing the quality of higher education now hinges on tapping into educational opportunities in the global market and effectively addressing integration challenges in international education. In the coming years, the Far Eastern region of Russia anticipates a significant influx of individuals from different civilizations and predominantly of Chinese nationality, seeking education abroad. Foreign students form a cohesive community bound by shared national consciousness, cultural heritage, and language, underpinned by established relationships, mutual interests, values, and norms. Their extended exposure to a foreign cultural milieu and their voluntary engagement in intercultural interactions inevitably bring about challenges when interacting with individuals from different cultural backgrounds.
Intercultural competence of teachers: Training and development in the modern educational context
Authors: Yarychev Nasrudi
Published: August 2024

In the contemporary educational landscape, the concept of intercultural competence among teachers has garnered significant attention due to the increasingly multicultural nature of societies worldwide. This abstract explores the training and development of intercultural competence among teachers within the modern educational context. It examines the theoretical foundations of intercultural competence, emphasizing its relevance in fostering effective communication and understanding across diverse cultural backgrounds. The abstract reviews current practices and strategies employed in the training of teachers to enhance their intercultural competence, including experiential learning, cultural immersion programs, and pedagogical approaches that promote cultural sensitivity. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and opportunities faced in integrating intercultural competence into teacher education curricula. The abstract concludes by highlighting the importance of continuous professional development and institutional support in equipping teachers with the necessary skills to navigate and thrive in multicultural educational environments.
Fractures of the proximal femur and hip osteoarthrosis – coincidence or coherence?
Authors: Latz David , Schiffner Erik , Koukos Christos , Hilsmann Falk , Windolf Joachim , Schneppendahl Johannes
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate the correlation between the grade of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (OA) and the fracture pattern observed in fragility fractures of the proximal femur. The information may help in cases of occult hip fractures. Methods: In this retrospective study all 448 patients treated with fragility fractures of the proximal femur in the years 2014–2018 were included. Patients were allocated into two groups: Group I) intracapsular (femoral neck) fractures and Group II) extracapsular (pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric) femoral fractures. The radiographic grade of OA was determined according to Kellgren and Lawrence’s classification. One single observer examined all radiographs. Results: Patients’ age ranged between 52 and 104 years with a mean of 80.0 years. There was a significant difference in mean age between the two groups (76.9 years intracapsular vs. 83.1 years extracapsular fractures). A total of 250 (55.8%) fractures were intracapsular (femoral neck) and 198 (44.2%) were located extracapsular (pertrochanteric, subtrochanteric). A significant correlation between the degree of OA to fracture pattern was observed: Higher degrees of OA were related to extracapsular fractures and lower degrees of OA to intracapsular fractures. Conclusion: The results of this study support the hypothesis that hip osteoarthritis affects the fracture pattern in proximal femur fractures. More severe hip OA is associated with extracapsular fractures that can be treated surgically with lower complication rates compared to intracapsular fractures.
A flexible beamline combining XUV attosecond pulses with few-femtosecond UV and near-infrared pulses for time-resolved experiments
Authors: Wanie V. , Ryabchuk S. , Colaizzi L. , Galli M. , Månsson E. P. , Trabattoni A. , Wahid A. B. , Hahne J. , Cartella A. , Saraswathula K. , Frassetto F. , Lopes D. P. , Martínez Vázquez R. , Osellame R. , Poletto L. , Légaré F. , Nisoli M. , Calegari F.
Published: August 2024

We describe a beamline where few-femtosecond ultraviolet (UV) pulses are generated and synchronized to few-cycle near-infrared (NIR) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulses. The UV light is obtained via third-harmonic generation in argon or neon gas when focusing a phase-stabilized NIR driving field inside a glass cell that was designed to support high pressures for enhanced conversion efficiency. A recirculation system allows reducing the large gas consumption required for the nonlinear process. Isolated attosecond pulses are generated using the polarization gating technique, and the photon spectrometer employed to characterize the XUV radiation consists of a new design based on the combination of a spherical varied-line-space grating and a cylindrical mirror. This design allows for compactness while providing a long entrance arm for integrating different experimental chambers. The entire interferometer is built under vacuum to prevent both absorption of the XUV light and dispersion of the UV pulses, and it is actively stabilized to ensure an attosecond delay stability during experiments. This table-top source has been realized with the aim of investigating UV-induced electron dynamics in neutral states of bio-relevant molecules, but it also offers the possibility to implement a manifold of novel time-resolved experiments based on photo-ionization/excitation of gaseous and liquid targets by ultraviolet radiation. UV pump–XUV probe measurements in ethyl-iodide showcase the capabilities of the attosecond beamline.
The influence mechanism of the submerged dikes on the three-dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics at the 90° confluence
Authors: Li Dehong , Shen Xia , Cai Huanjie , Cao Liwei , Li Xiaolong , Gao Weizheng , Li Sheng
Published: August 2024

The confluence area serves as the pivotal control unit in natural rivers, and the implementation of spur dikes at the confluence enables regulation of flow patterns, influences pollutant mixing, and safeguards against river scouring. This study establishes a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 90° confluence with dikes, aiming to explore the impact of the number, angle, and spacing of the dikes on hydrodynamic characteristics at 90° confluence. The results show that (i) the closer the spacing between the dikes, the wider the range of low water level area upstream becomes. An increased number of dikes makes it easier for the downstream water level to recover. (ii) The area of the high turbulent kinetic energy region increases with the increase in the number of dikes. Among the three angle deployments, the dike deployment angle of 60° corresponds to the largest area of high turbulent kinetic energy. When the spacing between dikes is 0.225 m, it results in the largest area of high turbulent kinetic energy. (iii) The number or spacing of dikes exhibits a negative correlation with the shape parameters of the separation and backflow behind the dikes, whereas there is a positive correlation between the angle of dikes and these shape parameters. (iv) Influenced by the deployment of dikes, novel helical flows will be generated around the dikes at the confluence. The helicity of the clockwise helical flow is comparatively smaller than that of its counterclockwise counterpart. Subsequently, newly generated helical flows undergo fusion and division as it progresses downstream.
A 100 GW, 100 ps solid-state pulsed power system based on semiconductor opening switch generator and magnetic compression lines
Authors: Patrakov V. E. , Pedos M. S. , Ponomarev A. V. , Rukin S. N. , Timoshenkov S. P.
Published: August 2024

Based on the SOS + MCL approach (SOS—generator with output Semiconductor Opening Switch; MCL—Magnetic Compression Line), a high-power solid-state picosecond system has been developed. The SOS generator forms an initial pulse with a power of 8.5 GW (0.65 MV at a load of 50 Ω) and a duration of 7 ns, which is fed to the input of a magnetic compressor containing 4 lines MCL1–MCL4 connected in series. Structurally, each MCL is a coaxial line and contains ferrite rings placed on its inner conductor and magnetized by an external longitudinal magnetic field. The lines are filled with transformer oil at excess pressure. Each line compresses the pulse in time and increases its peak power. At the output of the last line, MCL4, the peak power increases to 100 GW (2.2 MV at 48 Ω load), and its duration decreases to 100 ps. Record high values of rise rates for voltage, current, and power have been achieved. At a 48 Ω load, the voltage rise rate reaches 27 MV/ns, and the power rise rate reaches 2 TW/ns. In a line with an impedance of 7 Ω, a current pulse with an amplitude of 100 kA and a rise rate of 1.18 MA/ns was obtained. It has been established that the duration of the pulse (full width at half maximum) generated in MCLs corresponds to the double transit time of an electromagnetic wave between the electrodes of the line in the transverse direction. Numerical models have been developed to study the operation of MCLs. Using the models, the internal structure of the process of power amplification in the line was studied, and an assessment was made on the influence of the processes of gyromagnetic precession on the operation of the lines.
Targeting colon cancer and normal cells with cold plasma-activated water: Exploring cytotoxic effects and cellular responses
Authors: Muttiah Barathan , Nasir Norhayati Mohd , Mariappan Vanitha , Vadivelu Jamuna , Vellasamy Kumutha Malar , Yap Seong Ling
Published: August 2024

Plasma-activated water (PAW), generated by cold plasma, is emerging as a potential treatment for colon cancer. This study focused on its anticancer effects against HCT-116 colon cancer cells, emphasizing the role of pH and conductivity variations due to plasma–fluid reactions. These changes suggest a chemical transformation in PAW, leading to increased acidity and ion presence. The cytotoxic impact of PAW on HCT-116 cells was analyzed using methods like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and microscopic evaluation. PAW exhibited cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cells, but also affected normal colon cells, posing a challenge for selectivity. An 18 h exposure duration was identified as a balance between cancer cell eradication and normal cell preservation. Observed morphological changes indicated apoptotic characteristics in PAW-treated cells, hinting at mechanisms of cancer cell death. PAW-induced reactive oxygen species release mirrored cellular stress, with early apoptotic markers, DNA fragmentation, and increased heat shock proteins (HSPs) signifying complex cellular responses. These findings suggest that PAW can trigger apoptosis and cellular stress pathways cancer cells. However, further studies are necessary for its potential as a cancer therapy.
Macroscopic transport in mixed phase space Hamiltonian systems and the role of a distinct time-scale for the power-law decay
Authors: Jánosi Dániel , Károlyi György
Published: August 2024

Motivated by the losses of runaway electrons during disruptive events in present and future tokamaks like the ITER, we investigate the transport in mixed phase space Hamiltonian systems. We are interested in the regime where the sticky regions, remaining after the disintegration of invariant transport barriers, form layers in the phase space separated by partial barriers to transport. The example we use is the standard map. We show that the survival probability from the internal region can be thought of as the resultant of a radial passage from layer to layer. We show that both exponential and power-law decays are present at the same time, but with independent effective time-scales.