bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic Determinants of Technical Efficiency in Rainfed Rice Production in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Science, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria, Yusuf Balarabe Ibrahim , Mustapha Muhammad Bashir ,   Department of Economics, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

The study examined socio economic determinants of technical efficiency in rainfed rice production system in Sokoto state, Nigeria. Using a multistage random sampling technique, 300 farmers were randomly selected from six purposively selected rainfed rice producing local government areas of Sokoto state. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). The maximum likelihood estimates on the determinants of technical efficiency shows that the coefficients of farming experience (p<0.01), off-farm income (p<0.05) and extension contact (p<0.01) significantly influenced technical efficiency of the rainfed rice farmers in the area. The mean technical efficiency in rainfed rice production system in the area was 73.2 percent suggesting that rice production fell 26.8 percent short of the maximum (frontier) possible output. The study recommends that farmers need to utilize their farming experience and endeavour to acquire more knowledge and skills in farming while the State Government should engage trained and qualified youths with NCE/Degree in agriculture to serve as extension agents and support them with transport facilities and commensurate remuneration for effective extension service delivery.
Credit Risk Management and Practices of Adopted Communities Of The University Of Bohol
Authors: Aranez Annalou , Tagubar Mila , Trabajo Rhineheart Michelle
Published: February 2025

Credit risk management is the process that microfinance institutions (MFIs) use to manage the risks of borrowers defaulting on their loans. Credit risk practices are the day-to-day actions and procedures that help the MFIs bring these strategies to life. The study assessed credit risk management and practices among creditors and borrowers in the University of Bohol's adopted communities with the aim of offering an enhancement program. It examined the demographic profiles of borrowers and their level of credit risk management. Moreover, it investigated the correlation between these profiles and their credit risk practices. The study utilized a quantitative approach. It used descriptive-normative survey to collect data through a standardized questionnaire. Stratified random sampling was applied to select borrower participants from three adopted communities. A total of 71 borrowers, representing about 20% of the borrowers were randomly chosen. The study revealed that younger and middle-aged individuals, especially women and small business owners, are the main borrowers in microfinance institutions. Additionally, borrowers widely supported credit risk management and practices, with an overall mean of 3.28 and 3.37, respectively. Lastly, the spearman rank correlation test showed that there is no significant correlation between borrowers’ demographic profiles and their level of credit risk management and practices. The lack of significant correlations between demographic profile and borrowers' level of credit risk management and practices indicates that these practices are well understood by borrowers across different borrower groups.
Baseline Study of Soil Nutrient Status in Smallholder Farms in Limpopo Province of South Africa
Authors: Mokgolo M.J. , Mzezewa J.
Published: February 2025

An assessment of soil nutrient status based on farmers’ samples was carried out in the Capricorn, Sekhukhune, and Waterberg Districts of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. A total of 336 soil samples were collected and analysed for pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The results showed that the pH of more than 80% of the submitted soil samples was suitable for the production of most field crops ,while less than 20% required liming to make them productive. Phosphorus levels were very low (<8 mg kg-1), with most soils (≥95%) needing P fertilisation to improve crop yields. Potassium was adequate (>250 mg kg-1) for most districts' crops. Between 70% and 74% of soils from Sekhukhune and Waterberg Districts were deficient in Ca (<200 mg kg-1). Magnesium was adequate (>300 mg kg-1) in more than 60% of the analysed samples. Apart from soil pH, all soil properties showed a high degree of variability across all districts. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of field management, crop rotation, field position in the landscape, lithology, and socioeconomic conditions of the farmer on the observed trends of soil nutrients.
Knowledge Validation and Nutritional Qualities of Fodder Trees Browsed by Goats in the Gumela Rural Area in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Kujoana T.C. , Mugwabana J.T. , Tyasi T.L. , Chitura T.
Published: February 2025

In sub-Saharan Africa, goat farming has shown to be a significant intervention in the fight against poverty. However, the productivity of goats is threatened by several challenges, such as limited forage availability, especially during dry seasons when the quantity and quality decline. The study aimed to gather smallholder farmers' knowledge on the identity and nutritional qualities of fodder trees browsed by goats in the study area. Fourteen smallholder goat farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Botanical identification and nutritional analysis of mentioned browse plants were conducted at the Animal Production Laboratory, University of Limpopo, South  Africa. Capparis tomentose, Euclea crispa and Cassine transvaalensis had higher (p<0.05) dry matter content. Ziziphus mucronata had higher (p<0.05) ash content. Maerua angolensis had higher (p<0.05) crude protein content, while Colophospermum mopane had a higher (p<0.05) energy content. Colophospermum mopane was ranked the most browsed plant (43%), whereas Ziziphus mucronata and Maerua angolensis were ranked the least browsed plants. Colophospermum mopane and Sclerocarya birrea were classified as bad sources of goat feed. Most of the identified feed materials had crude protein and energy levels higher than the recommended minimum required levels for the maintenance of essential functions of goats.
Smallholder Maize Farmer’s Willingness to Join Index Insurance in Vhembe District: Limpopo Province
Authors: Mukwevho H. , Luvhengo U. , Letsoalo S.S. , Lekunze J.N.
Published: February 2025

Only a negligible proportion of smallholder farmers in South Africa have crop insurance to mitigate production risks. This article analyses the demand for index-based crop insurance by smallholder farmers in the Vhembe district of Limpopo Province in South Africa based on their willingness to join a proposed insurance product. Questionnaires were used to collect once-off data from smallholder farmers. The contingent valuation method was used to analyse the willingness to buy a crop insurance product. Analysis revealed that 86% of the farmers were willing to purchase index-based crop insurance. Further analysis using the Probit regression model found that age, farm size, and risk management strategies such as government assistance and crop diversification influenced smallholder farmers` willingness to join the proposed crop insurance products. This study has shown that smallholder crop farmers` willingness to join crop insurance is high in the Vhembe district. The study recommends awareness and education concerning crop insurance purchases for smallholder farmers.
Market Participation Decision of Emerging Farmers Under the Land Restitution Programme in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Maesela L.M. , Senyolo G.M. , Belete A.
Published: February 2025

This paper examined the factors influencing market participation decisions and the level of the emerging farmers under the land restitution programme in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study used stratified and purposive sampling to sample 200 emerging farmers. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that approximately 33% of emerging farmers participated in the markets. The double-hurdle results indicated that age, post-settlement support, training, irrigation, market information, transportation, credit access, extension services and farmer association membership positively influenced participation decisions and level. In contrast, non-farm businesses, sources of income and enterprises negatively influenced participation decisions and levels. This paper recommends providing support services entailing credit, training and marketing cooperatives to improve and strengthen market participation by emerging farmers in Limpopo Province.
Determinants of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies Adoption by Smallholder Food Crop Farmers in Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, Free State
Authors: Makamane A. , Van Niekerk J.A. , Loki O. , Mdoda L.
Published: February 2025

Climate change is already influencing agricultural production and distribution and heightening farming risks. Over the last decade, the sector has been subject to drastic economic and social evolutions contributing to the climate variability change in the agricultural sector. Smallholder farmers, especially from developing countries (South Africa), have been recognised as the most vulnerable to climate hazards due to the prevalence of low adaptive measures. Addressing climate change’s effects on agriculture is an exceptional challenge. Policymakers have presented Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) as an alternative strategy to enhance agricultural productivity, which will help improve food security and reduce poverty, especially in developing countries. However, the adoption and diffusion of CSA have been slow. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the determinants of (CSA) technologies adoption by smallholder food crop farmers in the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, Free State.
The study used a cross-sectional research design to collect data using structured questionnaires. Stratified random sampling collected data from 120 smallholder food crop farmers. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were employed for the analysis. The study findings show that using and adopting CSA by smallholder farmers
enhanced agricultural productivity. The majority (66%) of the sampled food crop farmers fell in the category of users of CSA practices. The study found that farmers’ knowledge influenced their use and adoption of CSA technologies and farmers’ available financial support. Lack of financial support, knowledge and inadequate farm inputs and training were the challenges limiting smallholder farmers from using CSA. The paper recommends that to ensure a smooth transition to climate-sensitive agricultural practices, development actors must strongly support the inculcation of indigenous knowledge of modern agricultural technologies for easy use by farmers. It also recommends that policymakers develop and implement more elaborate capacity-building programs at the local level to influence farmers’ attitudes towards pro-environmental behaviour.
Benefits of Herding on Communal Rangelands in Free State Province, South Africa
Authors: Conradie B. , Matthews N. , Bahta Y.
Published: February 2025

This study used survey data to measure the benefits of paid herding for small stockholders on the communal rangelands of the eastern Free State. Extensionists can recommend herding to their clients because it mitigated the worst of a recent drought by controlling intermediate consumption and facilitating better recruitment. However, the practice did not impact the size or composition of livestock losses. In drought, livestock holders prioritised off-take over accumulation and selectively shed male animals. Off-take was directed to sales rather than to home consumption. Herding affected the cost of production, with herders saving more than their wages on purchased feed and remedies but not enough to make their herds profitable.
Coping Strategies Against Food Insecurity By Agricultural Food Security Pack Programme Beneficiaries: The Case of Mpulungu District, Zambia
Authors: Tembo R. , Kibuka-Sebitosi E.
Published: February 2025

Climate variability, programming gaps and poor agricultural extension services hinder small-scale farmers' agricultural productivity in Southern Africa, Zambia inclusive. These agricultural challenges have not spared Zambia's food security pack programme beneficiaries. Using a mixed method design, this study investigated other economic activities that the 147 vulnerable farming households pursued, besides relying on the food security pack programme in the Mpulungu district. The study established that unpredictable rainfall, late delivery of farming inputs, and poor agriculture extension services were the major challenges that affected the productivity of the beneficiary households. To mitigate these challenges, the findings revealed that the beneficiaries grew crops other than those provided under the programme. Also, most respondents pursued other livelihood strategies such as receiving remittances from migrant relatives, petty trading, safety nets, and wage labour. The study concludes that the beneficiaries pursued other economic activities to enhance household food security apart from relying on what the programme provided. The study recommends investment intensification in agricultural research to produce pro-poor drought-resistant crop varieties, timeous distribution of farming inputs to beneficiaries, increasing extension staffing levels to bridge the staff-farmer ratio gap, and introducing in-service refresher training for agriculture extension staff.
Leguminous Cover Crops Increase the Biomass and Nutritive Value of Grasses in South African Soils: A Review
Authors: Mashece W , Sindesi A.O. , Silwana Sibongiseni , Tshuma Flackson
Published: February 2025

Due to the expansion of farming, many agricultural systems now depend more on chemical pesticides and inorganic fertilisers to boost farm output. Leguminous cover crops are used to improve soil fertility and to increase nitrogen availability for crop production. This review focuses mainly on evaluating the role of leguminous cover crops on soil's physical, chemical and biological properties. Furthermore, it focuses on the role of cover crops in crop biomass, grass nutritive value and crop-livestock grazing systems. This review used the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases (accessed between January 2003 and December 2022). To find publications in the scope of the study, the authors combined different groups of keywords. The reviewed literature revealed that leguminous cover crops significantly increase yield due to an increase of nitrogen through nitrogen fixation. In addition, leguminous cover crops boost the forage's nutritional value, lowering feed costs and increasing livestock productivity. As a result of these findings, farmers can reap the benefits of leguminous cover crops in various ways, including enhancement of soil health, biomass, yield and reducing overall production costs.
Revolutionising the Public Extension System for Smallholder Livestock Farmers: User Experiences and the Prospects of Using Information and Communication Technologies in North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Mapiye O. , Makombe G. , Molotsi A.H. , Dzama K. , Mapiye C.
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to determine farmers’ and extension officers’ experiences with public extension and the prospects of improving the public extension service through digital-based technology. Quantitative data were collected from  101 commercially oriented active beneficiaries of the Nguni cattle project in the North West Province, South Africa, using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) and analysed using thematic analysis. Ninety percent of the farmers regarded public extension as the key source of extension services received through farm visits (66%), telephone calls (65%), and visits to the extension offices (38%). Approximately 64% of respondents reported low visibility of extension officers in their farming areas. A very low extension officer-to-farmer ratio (typically 1:> 300) and a high demand for transport facilities were cited as constraints to service delivery by extension officers. The study showed that over three-quarters of the farmers had smartphones, with 89% having adequate smartphone operating skills. Approximately 80% had a strong positive perception of the usefulness of the proposed Livestock Management Database System (LMDS) in livestock production, while 84% were willing to pay to access the system. The results of the FGDs and KIIs also indicated high positive perceptions toward innovation. In conclusion, a digital-based platform was proposed to assist the public extension system in delivering well-coordinated extension and advisory services that would meet the needs of farmers cost-effectively.
Семьи мигрантов из Центральной Азии в России: экспертный дискурс
Authors: Пешкова Вера Михайловна
Published: February 2025

Начинающаяся как трудовая, преимущественно мужская и временная, миграция из стран Центральной Азии в России приобретает в настоящее время более долгосрочный характер, что выражается в росте числа мигрантов, сопровождаемых членами семей, ориентированных на постоянное проживание, получение гражданства России, а также на создание семей в России. Данный текст предлагает результаты исследования новой миграционной тенденции из экспертной перспективы. Были проанализированы 98 глубинных полуструктурированных интервью со специалистами, чья деятельность касается различных сторон миграции в России. Анализ экспертного дискурса позволил выявить, каким образом представители власти, разных общественных организаций, образовательных и социальных учреждений концептуализируют и структурируют проблематику семей мигрантов из Центральной Азии в России. Рассмотрены экспертные подходы к аналитическому определению семьи в миграции; механизмы создания и некоторые характеристики семей мигрантов; влияние миграции на трансформацию института семьи и брака, выражающуюся в том числе в умножении и разнообразии форм семей и моделей внутрисемейных отношений; и, наконец, особенности адаптации и интеграции семей мигрантов. Наличие семьи в миграции на территории РФ само по себе интерпретируется как фактор адаптации и интеграции, но полная интеграция в структуры и культуру принимающего российского общества, изменение идентичности экспертами связываются по большей части с детьми мигрантов.Характеристика семей мигрантов строится на сопоставлении, с одной стороны, с типизированной российской семьей, с другой, с типизированной центрально-азиатской семьей. Комплексность и неоднозначность проблемы семьи в миграции, очевидно, определяются как самим феноменом, так и экспертной оптикой. Делается вывод, что миграция трансформирует самые разные аспекты института семьи и брака, причем не только в странах Центральной Азии, отправляющих мигрантов, но и в России. Наиболее заметные изменения касаются патриархатного порядка и гендерного режима.
IPSC Neuron Development v1
Authors: Steele Chelsie , Fan Yujie
Published: February 2025

IPSC Neuron Development
Whole Gut Transit Time, Fecal Water Content, and Fecal Output v1
Authors: Steele Chelsie , Fan Yujie
Published: February 2025

Protocol for obtaining whole gut transit time
Immunostaining Cells v1
Authors: Fan Yujie
Published: February 2025

This is a protocol that describes how to use antibody staining on cells
Transfection of HEK cells with Lipofectamine 3000 v1
Authors: Steele Chelsie , Fan Yujie
Published: February 2025

how to transfect HEK cells with lipofectamine 3000
RNA extraction from Cells v1
Authors: Fan Yujie
Published: February 2025

RNA extraction from Cells
Accurate Digital Organ Models from DICOM v2
Authors: Kimura Takashi
Published: February 2025

This protocol describes the procedure for editing DICOM data to create precise STL-format surface data of organs. Using this method, surface data of organs obtained through auto-segmentation in DICOM viewers such as 3D-Slicer, along with Multi-Planar Reconstruction (MPR) images generated from DICOM data, can be spatially aligned within Blender. By referencing the imaging data, it becomes possible to refine and process the data obtained via auto-segmentation and to create organ data that cannot be captured through auto-segmentation from scratch. As a result, this approach enables the construction of a comprehensive digital dataset of human anatomy that includes all necessary organs.
Mouse perfusion v1
Authors: Steele Chelsie , Fan Yujie
Published: February 2025

General protocol for mouse perfusion fixation. In this version, other tissues outside of the brain are fixed and ready for processing.
Study of Dynamic Structure of Galaxies v1
Authors: Kambe Tsutomu , Hashiguchi Masanori
Published: February 2025

This is a novel approach based on general relativity theory to the galactic dark-matter effect observed in rotating galaxies,. Dynamical unfolding within galaxies has been investigated to find a possible physical mechanism producing the flat rotation curve observed in outer parts of galaxies. Dynamical structures are studied for typical galaxies, based on fluid dynamics extended to the relativistic theory. The results show an excellent match of the present predictions with the observed finding by McGaugh, Lelli & Schombert (2016). This matching implies that the present approach has captured an essential aspect of the galactic dark-matter effect. Concerning the physical mechanism, this study implies that the orbital hyperspeed of order 40 ∼ 200 km/sec observed in the halos is maintained by a new force of fluid Lorentz force working in galactic space. The existence of fluid Lorentz force is not contradicting with the concept of the theory of general relativity. Spiral galaxies, Dark matter effect, Dynamic structure, General relativity
Doxycycline Diet and Intraperitoneal Injections v1
Authors: Fan Yujie , Steele Chelsie
Published: February 2025

The virus constructed is activated by doxycycline. In order to activate the virus, we wait 2 weeks after retro-orbital injection to ensure the virus has been taken up by the cells, and then begin doxycycline treatment. The mice receive a doxycycline feed daily, as well as a doxycycline injection of 2mg/kg twice weekly. The mice remain on this doxycycline diet and injections until they are culled.
Bacterial Transformation Maxi Prep & Mini Prep v1
Authors: Fan Yujie , Steele Chelsie
Published: February 2025

Bacterial Transformation Maxi Prep & Mini Prep
ANALYZING AND MEASURING THE IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON THE DAILY MORTALITY RATES OF THE ELDERLY IN THE SAUDI ARABIA: A CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF RIYADH
Authors: Semary Hatem E.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Air pollution is a major challenge impacting health in Saudi Arabia, particularly among the elderly. This study aimed to assess the impact of air pollution on daily mortality rates in the elderly population in Riyadh.

Methods and Materials. Data on air pollutants and climate variables were collected from air quality monitoring stations in Riyadh, while elderly mortality data was obtained from the General Authority for Statistics and the Ministry of Health. Statistical analysis was conducted using Poisson regression and generalized additive models to determine the relationship between pollution levels and elderly mortality rates.

Main Results. The findings revealed that while the overall mortality rate of the elderly is declining, the deaths related to air pollution are increasing. The pollutants that significantly impacted mortality were PM10, SO2, and CO1. Among the climate variables, mean visibility (MVM), wind speed (MWS), temperature (MT), and wind direction degree (WDD) were key factors. The generalized additive models outperformed the Poisson regression model in predicting future mortality.

Conclusion. Air pollution in Riyadh is linked to an increased mortality rate among the elderly, with several pollutants surpassing globally recommended limits. The study highlights the need for stricter environmental controls and strategies to mitigate pollution levels in order to improve public health outcomes.
Mitochondrial dynamics under conditions of hypoxia
Authors: Skvortsova Kristina A. , Baranich Tatiana I. , Omarova Zainab M. , Kharlamov Dmitry A. , Bicherova Irina A. , Glinkina Valeria V. , Sukhorukov Vladimir S.
Published: February 2025

As is known mitochondria are not static organelles, and depending on the metabolism of the cell they are capable of undergoing fission or fusion processes. These transformations are collectively termed mitochondrial dynamics and determine the quantity, shape, and size of these organelles in the cell. In recent decades, interest in studying the mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics under normal and pathological conditions has increased. Proteins that regulate the fission and fusion of mitochondrial membranes, which are activated depending on energy needs, have become known. An imbalance in the processes of division and fusion can lead to changes in cell metabolism, disruption of its numerous functions and adaptive capabilities. Recently, more and more studies have appeared on the effect of hypoxia on mitochondrial dynamics. As a rule, the connection between acute hypoxia and the levels of proteins that regulate mitochondrial fission and fusion in the cell is considered. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on changes in mitochondrial dynamics under hypoxia in embryonic and mature tissues, as well as to analyze prospects of further study of the mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics under conditions of reduced oxygen concentration.
Exploration of the Relationships between Production Performance and Heat Stress Response by Ruminant Animals due to Feed Additives
Authors: Shah Ali Mujtaba
Published: February 2025

Heat stress poses a significant challenge to ruminant livestock production because it affects feed intake, milk yield, reproductive performance, and overall health. This review explores the relationship between production performance and heat stress response in ruminants using feed additives. Heat stress leads to physiological and behavioral changes that compromise productivity. To mitigate these effects, the study reported that various feed additives are currently being employed as feed additives. These additives are beneficial because they enhance feed efficiency, antioxidant capacity, gut health, and nutrient absorption, thereby improving the animals' resilience to heat stress. Despite these advancements, the effectiveness of feed additives can vary depending on specific conditions and the needs of the animals. This study concluded that it is important to continue research that could optimize feed additive use and develop sustainable strategies to counteract the negative effect of heat stress in ruminant animals. This is because relying on such scientific evidence, livestock production performance ensures animal welfare and profitability can be enhanced in the face of climate change. This strategic use of feed additives offers a potentially viable solution to increase the sustainability and resilience of ruminant production systems, promoting a balance between productivity and environmental stewardship.
La edición de la Vida de Nuestra Señora de Antonio Hurtado de Mendoza: devoción e imprenta en la Sevilla de Murillo
Authors: Ruiz Pérez Pedro
Published: February 2025

Junto a las circunstancias y carácterísticas de la edición sevillana de 1666, se analizan los rasgos compositivos, estructurales y genéricos del poema, para concluir en la explotación de sus valores pragmáticos en el contexto del fervor inmaculista sevillano, en los mismos años en que Murillo componía su celebrada iconografía. En esta perspectiva se orienta el análisis de las características que el poeta introduce en el género biográfico para ponerlo al servicio de sus intereses devocionales con un marcado valor retórico orientado al movere. Con él se relacionan la selección y la composición de la materia, con su particular adaptación de las leyes del género en un momento histórico y cultural muy marcado.
Nicolás Perrey y el uso del grabado en la construcción de la imagen del virreinato de Nápoles durante el siglo XVII. Compendio y documentación de nuevas obras
Authors: Minguito Palomares Ana
Published: February 2025

El objeto del presente trabajo es el de completar el catálogo de grabados identificados de Nicolás Perrey con 47 nuevas obras custodiadas en archivos de todo el mundo. La importancia de este grabador que trabajó en Nápoles entre 1619 y 1670 es indiscutible por su contribución al panorama editorial y artístico napolitano en el siglo XVII. La calidad de sus planchas y su prolífica actividad al servicio de las instituciones civiles, políticas y religiosas del reino de Nápoles lo convierten en una figura clave que nos permite profundizar en la construcción que hicieron los representantes de los poderes públicos de la Monarquía de España de su propia imagen a través de las diversas manifestaciones artísticas de la época, y en este caso en la producción editorial.
La galería artística como proyecto marco de El curioso y sabio Alejandro, fiscal y juez de vidas ajenas (1634): Salas Barbadillo en el Palacio del Rey Felipe IV
Authors: Coppola Leonardo
Published: February 2025

A través de un análisis de la estructura general de El curioso y sabio Alejandro, juez y fiscal de vidas ajenas (1634), de Alonso Jerónimo de Salas Barbadillo, nos aproximaremos a la importancia de la pintura como pretexto del marco organizador de la materia narrativa y como componente suntuosa de la cultura material barroca. Si, por un lado, los cuadros y sus epítomes biográficos componen la galería-marco de la obra y refuerzan visualmente la situación social vigente; por el otro, se hace luz sobre el coleccionismo artístico de la época, práctica común entre los ricos madrileños, y que, según se explicará, podría también relacionarse directamente con el rey Felipe IV. Partiendo de la pasión coleccionista de arte del rey, intentaremos asimismo demostrar la correspondencia de Alejandro con el monarca y de su colección de retratos con las galerías de la época.
Los otros Lazarillos castigados: la adaptación de José Escofet (1914), un ejemplo de heterodoxia subvertida
Authors: Calzón García José Antonio
Published: February 2025

El artículo analiza la adaptación escolar del Lazarillo realizada por José Escofet en 1914, incidiendo en sus características y en las principales diferencias respecto al texto original, al tiempo que se estudia su conexión con otras adaptaciones y ediciones y se valora su posible impacto en la recepción actual de dicha novela picaresca.
El romancero morisco de Gabriel Lobo Lasso (a propósito de un trabajo de Aurelio González)
Authors: Eugercios Arriero José Luis
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo comentamos los romances moriscos publicados por Lasso de la Vega en la Primera parte del Romancero (1587) y en el Manojuelo (1601). Nuestro punto de partida es doble: de una parte, entendemos que el romancero morisco se bifurca en dos vertientes, una maurófila y otra paródica o satírica que llamamos maurófoba; de otra, nos parece que los romances de Lasso no terminan de ajustarse al modelo canónico asentado por Lope. Sobre esta base, damos y justificamos la nómina de esos romances suyos que tenemos por moriscos.
Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy presenting as juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a case report
Authors: Samuel Merwin , Rajamurugan Arul , Subramanian Ramesh , Ramamoorthy Ramesh
Published: February 2025

Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is an inherited disorder, characterised by skin thickening of face and extremities, and periosteal proliferation of the long bones. It is caused by HPGD or SLCO2A1 gene mutations, inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive pattern. It presents with characteristic skin changes and musculoskeletal pain. We present the case of an adolescent male patient with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. We managed him successfully with zolendronic acid.
Evaluation of Aeroallergen Sensitivities in Children with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Shirkani Pardis , Dehghani Fatemeh , Amiri Batoul , Shirkani Afshin
Published: February 2025

Background: Asthma and allergic rhinitis are prevalent respiratory conditions influenced by genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Understanding the distribution of these conditions and their associated allergens is essential for effective management and prevention strategies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and their co- occurrence in a specific population, with a focus on allergen sensitivity patterns.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with asthma, allergic rhinitis, or both. Allergen sensitivity was assessed using skin prick tests for common environmental allergens, including weeds, mites, cockroaches, and mixed allergens. Data analysis included prevalence rates, allergen distribution, and a heatmap visualization of allergen-patient associations.
Results: Males demonstrated a higher prevalence of asthma (68.8%), allergic rhinitis (64.4%), and combined conditions (67.0%) compared to females. Weeds were the most common allergen among asthma patients (40.0%), while mixed allergens were predominant among allergic rhinitis (45.7%) and coexisting conditions (50.0%). Heatmap analysis revealed strong associations between mites, cockroaches, and respiratory conditions, reinforcing their role as significant allergens. The high prevalence of mixed allergens in patients with both conditions suggests the need for comprehensive allergy management approaches.
Conclusion: This study highlights a male predominance in asthma and allergic rhinitis cases and underscores the role of environmental allergens in disease manifestation. The findings support targeted allergen avoidance and personalized immunotherapy strategies for optimal respiratory disease management
A Novel Homozygous RAB27A Mutation is Associated with Griscelli Syndrom Type II and Less Severe Presentations
Authors: Kamali Mostafa , Shahkarami Sepideh , Rayzan Elham , Mohammazadeh Iraj , Rohlfs Meino , Klein Christoph , Rezaei Nima
Published: February 2025

Griscelli syndrome type II is a primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by a RAB27A gene mutation. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and is characterized by oculocutaneous hypopigmentation and various cellular immune system deficiencies.
Herein, we report a 5-year-old girl with silvery-gray hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes who was referred to our primary immune deficiency clinic because of recurrent oral thrush. Further investigations were performed to uncover the probable underlying genetic disorder. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel mutation in the RAB27A gene (c.137T>G) and confirmed the diagnosis of Griscelli syndrome type 2
Due to the poor prognosis nature of this disorder and also its need for differential diagnosis with some other conditions with hypopigmentation, prompt diagnosis, genetic analysis, and proper treatment are necessary for avoiding serious complications.
Artificial Intelligence Convergence Teaching Expertise Scale for Pre-service Teachers in Korea: A Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Kim Seong-Won
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) drives changes in various areas, including industry, society, and the economy, through technological innovation. In education, AI advancements are leading to innovations in teaching, learning, content, and assessment. Integrating AI into educational practices necessitates developing a tool to measure instructors' AI convergence teaching expertise, which is essential for implementing AI convergence education effectively. This study aimed to develop an assessment tool to measure pre-service teachers' AI convergence teaching expertise. A comprehensive and rigorous approach was adopted, involving a literature review, Delphi survey, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The assessment tool was constructed by applying AI as a technological component within the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework to define AI convergence teaching expertise and derive relevant items. These items were administered to a sample of 202 pre-service teachers in Korea to validate their reliability and validity. The developed tool comprises 33 self-reported items across eight distinct factors, robustly measuring AI convergence teaching expertise. The Cronbach’s α for the tool ranged from 0.822 to 0.922, indicating high reliability. The significance of this study is its potential application within educational settings to determine pre-service teachers' AI convergence teaching expertise. Furthermore, this study offers valuable implications for designing pre-service teacher education programs and ongoing professional development for in-service teachers. By accurately measuring and addressing AI convergence teaching expertise, this tool can contribute to advancing educational practices in the era of AI.
Transcriptional Regulation of CYP2D6 by Nrf2 and Its Implications in Breast Cancer Therapy: Bioinformatics and Experimental Evidence
Authors: Siswanto Ferbian Milas , Handayani Maria Dara Novi , Lonah Lonah , Dewi Rita , Arieselia Zita , Hananta Linawati , Andarisuta Putu Suwarastra
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance in patient with breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality among women globally. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is involved in the metabolism of TAM, and recently NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has recently been found as its regulator. However, the impact of Nrf2-mediated CYP2D6 regulation in the context of breast cancer and TAM resistance are currently unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the role of CYP2D6 and Nrf2 in breast cancer prognosis. MEDTHODS: The roles of CYP2D6 and Nrf2 were investigated in the T47D breast cancer cell line and T47D-derived TAM-resistant cells by examining the gene expression, cell viability, and transcriptional regulation by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), MTT, and reporter gene assay, respectively. Additionally, comprehensive in silico analysis of the transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were performed to uncover the prognostic role of CYP2D6 and its regulator in breast cancer patients. RESULTS: CYP2D6 mRNA was low and Nrf2 protein was high in TAM-resistant T47D cells compared to parental cells. Nrf2 knockdown upregulated CYP2D6 mRNA levels and enhanced the cytotoxicity of TAM. Similarly, in silico analysis revealed that low CYP2D6 mRNA and high Nrf2 protein were related to a lower probability of survival. The rs1238662089 within the identified Nrf2-binding site was found to greatly affect CYP2D6 expression levels, indicating its role as predictor for better prognosis. CONCLUSION: This study revealed for the first time that Nrf2 regulates CYP2D6expression in breast cancer and is involved in TAM sensitivity; thus, plays a role in breast cancer patient prognosis.KEYWORDS: breast cancer, CYP2D6, Nrf2, pharmacoepigenetics, SNPs
Granule Nanoparticle Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Peel Lowers Blood Glucose Levels and HbA1C in Alloxan-induced Diabetes Rats
Authors: Mutia Maya Sari , Sipayung Yelvreza Rastiani , Elmiam Dwi , Sihotang Widya Yanti , Lina Juliana
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: The peel of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (sunkist orange) peels, which are often seen as waste, actually contains valuable properties such as antioxidants, hypoglycemic, nephroprotective, and anti-inflammatories. The potential effects of C. sinensis peel on diabetes have been discussed but not clear yet. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of Granule Nanoparticle Sunkist Peel (GNSP) extracts as an antidiabetic agent in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.METHODS: The nanoparticle suspension was prepared by mixing a formulation of 0.2% chitosan and 0.1% sodium tripolyphosphate. The characteristics of nanoparticles were measured by flow time, tap index and angle of repose. Rats were induced with alloxan injection to create diabetes rat models. Rats were divided into five groups; normal control group, diabetic controls, and diabetic rats receiving either 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day GNSP. After 28 days of diabetes induction, rats were euthanized, and blood as well as tissue samples were collected. Blood glucose levels, HbA1c, and histopathology of the liver, kidneys, and pancreas were then assessed.RESULTS: The particle size of the synthesized material was 92.3 nm, which confirmed the nature of nanoparticle. The characteristics of the granule nanoparticle were also in accordance with the standards for drugs suitable for consumption. The administration of GNSP in dose dependent manner significantly decrease blood glucose levels and HbA1C to normal levels compared to control group (p<0.05). Histopathological analysis indicated recovery in pancreas, liver, and kidney tissues following GNSP administration.CONCLUSION: GNSP administration lowers blood glucose levels and HbA1C, as well as improved histopathological condition of pancreas, liver, and kidney in diabetic rats. These findings suggest the potential of utilizing GNSP as a potent antidiabetic agent.KEYWORDS: Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck, histopathology, hyperglycemia, nano medicine, and type 2 diabetes mellitus
HPV18 E6/E7 Mutation and Their Association with The Expression Level of Tumor Suppressor Proteins p53 and pRb among Indonesian Women with Cervical Cancer
Authors: Mahendra I Nyoman Bayu , Prayudi Pande Kadek Aditya , Dwija Ida Bagus Nyoman Putra
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: The E6/E7 mutation contributes to the intra-typic variant of HPV18 which may differ in their oncogenic potential. E6 and E7 target the tumour suppressor protein p53 and pRb, respectively, and their degradation play a crucial role in cervical carcinogenesis. However, the prevalence of HPV18 E6/E7 variants among Indonesian women with cervical cancer has not been elucidated. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize the HPV18 variants among Indonesian women with cervical cancer and their association with tumor suppressor protein p53 and pRb.METHODS: A hundred Indonesian women with pathologically proven cervical cancer were consecutively recruited into the study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect HPV18 DNA E6 and E7 oncogenes using specific primers and the variants was determined through nucleotide sequencing. Expressions of p53 and pRb were analyzed through immunohistochemistry by using specific antibodies targeting p53 and pRB.RESULTS: The rate of HPV18 positivity was 24%. The rate of E6 and E7 mutation was 45.4% and 59.1%, respectively. Those with E6 mutation had significantly higher expression of p53 and pRb as compared to those with wildtype E6 (p<0.05). Subjects with E7 mutation only had higher expression of pRb (p<0.05). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 54.5% subjects had genetic sequences closely related to Asian lineages, particularly A1, A4, and A5 sublineage. Interestingly, 3 subjects had genetic sequences closely related to MK813921, a newly identified sequences. However, 45.5% subjects had distinct genetic sequences that did not related to the reference sequence used in this study.CONCLUSION: E6 and E7 mutation was common among Indonesian women with HPV18 cervical cancer and associated with the level of tissue p53 and pRb expression.KEYWORDS: HPV18 E6/E7, mutation, epidemiology, Indonesian women
Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Development and Target Therapy
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Dewi Nurrani Mustika , Wijaya Andi
Published: February 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane structures that enclose proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines. EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can either stimulate or inhibit tumor growth in various malignancies through paracrine signaling. Tumor-associated MSCs (TA-MSCs), often described as "wounds that never heal," actively participate in the development, propagation, and metastasis of tumors, impacting the immunological state of the tumor microenvironment. For instance, TA-MSCs can alter immune cell recruitment and cytokine production, leading to a pro-tumorigenic environment. Consequently, both the tumor and its microenvironment undergo functional alterations, the cargo of exosomes is modified, and an abnormal tumor-associated MSC phenotype is acquired. MSC-EVs contain exosome microRNA with both tumor-inhibitory and tumor-supportive effects. For example, MSC-EVs have been shown to deliver tumor-suppressive microRNAs that inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. This review outlines the criteria for the modification, isolation, and characterization of exosomes, as well as their application in cancer, providing insights for clinical use. By understanding these mechanisms, we can better harness MSC-EVs for therapeutic purposes.Keywords: mesenchymal stem cell, extracellular vesicle, exosome, cancer therapy, drug delivery
Curcumin Enhances Antimigration of Pentagamavunon-1 by Suppressing MMP-2 and MMP-9 Expression in Triple-Negative (4T1) and Luminal A (T47D) Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Rahmawati Desty Restia , Meiyanto Edy , Jenie Riris Istighfari , Nurrochmad Arief
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Migration and invasion of cancer cells are still crucial stages in the metastasis process, highlighting the urgent need for treatments that target both proliferation and metastatic progression. Curcumin and its synthetic analogue, pentagamavunon (PGV)-1, exhibit antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cells. However, the effects of combining curcumin and PGV-1 on cancer cell migration have not yet been explored. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the antimigratory effects of curcumin and PGV-1 combination on 4T1 and T47D breast cancer cells.METHODS: Cytotoxicity effects of curcumin and PGV-1 were examined using an MTT assay to determine their effects on 4T1 and T47D cell viability. The antimigration activity was assessed using a scratch wound healing assay by measuring the closure of artificially created wounds on monolayer cells. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that play a crucial role in cancer cell migration was analyzed using gelatin zymography to measure their enzymatic activities.RESULTS: The IC50 of PGV-1 and curcumin were 4.88 μM and 37.62 μM in 4T1 cells and 3.16 μM and 23.15 μM in T47D cells, respectively. Furthermore, combination of PGV-1 and curcumin effectively inhibited 4T1 and T47D cell migration. PGV-1 (0.5–2 μM) demonstrated superior antimigratory activity compared to curcumin (5–20 μM) by suppressing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in both cell lines. Significantly, curcumin was shown to synergistically enhance the antimigratory effects of PGV-1, leading to a further decrease in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. CONCLUSION: The combination of PGV-1 and curcumin may provide a promising antimigratory agent, potentially leading to enhanced antimetastatic strategies and more efficacious treatments for triple-negative and luminal breast cancer patients.KEYWORDS: antimigration, curcumin, luminal breast cancer, MMP-2, MMP-9, pentagamavunon-1, triple-negative breast cancer