bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Security Status and Retirement Planning of Salaried Class Investors: A Study of Haryana State
Authors: Dr. Mahesh Kumar Sarva Anita Taneja,
Published: June 2021

Social security becomes the emergent issue of the world. For developing countries, it is very difficult to provide the social security to whole population but it is very important for the welfare for entire society. In all phases of life, social and economic security is necessary but need of security is increased in the old age because human not remains so efficient to do the work and they have no regular source of income in this phase of life. Main aim of this paper is to find the relationship between the demographic variables and social security conditions and retirement planning of salaried class investors of Haryana state. Total 150 is the sample size. The data is collected through a well structured questionnaire for salaried class investors of Haryana state. Main finding of this paper is salaried class investors have same level of social security conditions on the basis of different demographical variables such as gender, age, marital status, nature of employment, job experience, annual income and number of dependent family members.
Millimetre Wave Communication with Spatial Division Multiplexing for 5G systems
Authors: Et. al. Keshav N,
Published: June 2021

The point of this paper is to combination of spatial division multiplexing (SDMA) along with NOMA improves the performance of the system. This paper is done with multibeam forming for performance enhancement, Analog beam forming is done along with the digital beam forming to increase the spectral efficiency and also the user count increases so that we could able to achieve high throughput. In this paper the design problems of mm wave NOMA due to beamforming is focused so that achievable data rate is high. This is due to the number of RF chains. We analyses the demanding joint plan of the intertwined power distribution and client matching for mm Wave-SDMA. Some problems are talked about and a few arrangements are proposed in detail in mm Wave communications.
Factors affecting clinical phenotype in children with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN KAMIŞ Şule , YAĞCI-KÜPELİ Begül
Published: June 2021

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiological and genetic features of children who were followed up with the diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1).

Materials and Methods: Patients who were 0-18 years diagnosed with Neurofibromatosis according to National Institute of Health 1988 criteria between September 2012 and September 2019 were included in the study. Patient data were collected through patient files and hospital information system.

Results: A total of 50 patients were included in the study. The male/female ratio was 0.92. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 5.6 years (age range: 1-18 years). The most common finding was cafe-au-lait spots detected in all patients. Family history was found in 60% of the patients and consanguinity between parents in 14%. Neurofibroma was detected in 12%, Lisch nodule in 36% of the patients. Axillary freckling ratio was 82%, inguinal freckling ratio was 78%. Tumors were found in 22% of the patients, optic glioma in 12%, and plexiform neurofibroma in 6%. Focal areas of signal intensity (FASI) was found 56% in cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Conclusion: The relationship between mutation type and clinical and radiological features in NF-1 was evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical and radiological findings between patients with or without mutation. Large-scale studies are needed to reveal the factors that determine the clinical phenotype in patients with NF-1 diagnosis.
Real-time Radiation Monitoring and Assessment of Radiation Risk on Public around BSMMU Hospital Campus, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Tareque Abdullah , Das Suranjan Kumar , Rahman Mohammad Sohelur , Yeasmin Selina
Published: June 2021

Objective: Ionizing radiation is extensively used in the hospital for diagnosis and treatment procedures to patients and its usage increasing day by day with the socio-economic development of the country. The aim of the study is to monitor the real-time radiation around the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) hospital campus and estimation of the radiation risk on public.

Method: The real-time radiation monitoring around the BSMMU hospital campus was performed using digital portable radiation monitoring device (DPRMD). The DPRMD meets all European CE standards and the American “FCC 15 standard”. The DPRMD was placed at 1 meter above the ground on tripod and data taking time for each monitoring point (MP) was 1 hour. Each MP was identified using Garmin eTrex GPS device. 32 MPs were selected for taking the real-time radiation dose rates around the BSMMU hospital campus from August-September 2019.

Results: The real-time radiation dose rates around the BSMMU hospital campus were ranged from 0.020-2.45 µSv/hr with an average of 0.211 ± 0.094 µSv/hr. The annual effective dose on public were ranged from 0.222 ± 0.052 mSv to 1.247 ± 0.071 mSv with an average of 0.368 ± 0.097 mSv. The excess life-time cancer risk (ELCR) on public was estimated based on the annual effective dose that ranged from 0.881×10-3 to 5.12×10-3 with an average value of 1.488×10-3 around the BSMMU hospital campus, which means that in every thousand people, one person is at the risk of developing cancer caused by the scattered radiation exposure from the hospital.

Conclusion: Real-time radiation monitoring makes possible to ensure the protection the radiation worker and the public from unnecessary radiation hazard. The study also provides the instantaneous information of inappropriate operation of radiation generating equipments and improper handling of radioactive substances in the hospital.
Testing the proportionality assumption for specified covariate in the cox model
Authors: Mohamed Ali HAFDI
Published: June 2021

In this paper, I propose a test for proportional hazards assumption for specified covariates. The testis based on a general alternative in sense that hazards rates under different values of covariates therate is not only constant as in the Cox model, but it may cross, go away, and may be monotonicwith time. The limit distribution of the test statistic is derived. Finite samples properties of thetest power are analyzed by simulation. Application of the proposed test on Real data examples areconsidered.
A reinfosfera na pandemia do novo coronavírus: infodemia, fake news e sociabilidade perversa
Authors: Ribeiro Renata Rezende , Martinuzzo José Antonio
Published: June 2021

O artigo integra investigações ampliadas sobre os usos das redes sociais digitais no cotidiano. Neste texto, problematizamos a produção de fake news no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil, a partir da prática da “reinformação em rede”. O objetivo principal é buscar compreender o desenvolvimento das notícias falsas na dinâmica das relações das redes sociais digitais no Brasil, em um circuito complexo que atua na fabulação de uma “reinfosfera”. Além do percurso bibliográfico, a metodologia da pesquisa consistiu na análise de conteúdo de onze fake news sobre a pandemia, que circularam no ano de 2020. O estudo revelou que a experiência da “infodemia”, particularmente no contexto da reinformação, pode ser, de alguma forma, compreendida pela perversão como marca essencial da sociabilidade contemporânea, aquela que subverte e/ou rompe com a verdade factual como laço social
Os desafios de efetividade jurídica socioambiental na transição do Aterro Controlado da Estrutural para Unidade de Recebimento de Entulho
Authors: De Oliveira Souza Hiarque , Garcia Batista Lima Moraes Gabriela
Published: June 2021

O fechamento do Aterro Controlado em Brasília-DF, antigo “Lixão da Estrutural”, ainda apresenta desafios de efetividade jurídica socioambiental relacionados à área de gestão de resíduos. É o que se percebe a partir de um diagnóstico do estado do gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos no Distrito Federal, ao se considerar os problemas sociais enfrentados pelos catadores e a contaminação ambiental promovida no local durante décadas. A pesquisa foi realizada via consulta aos órgãos de gestão de resíduos (solicitados ao governo local por meio do sistema de acesso à informação), bem como a partir de algumas decisões do Judiciário; complementada por uma revisão bibliográfica sobre pesquisas científicas que demonstram a contaminação na área. Avaliou-se as ações adotadas pelo governo local, bem como o cumprimento da legislação relacionada a resíduos, e das normas técnicas pertinentes à contaminação. Por um lado, há a constatação de um desastre tecnológico crônico relacionado a questões sociais e ambientais do referido aterro, ante as diferentes formas de contaminação do solo, do ar, da água. Além disso, observam-se efeitos nocivos à população que trabalha diretamente na área e no seu entorno, problemas sociais envolvendo os catadores e o descumprimento das medidas de isolamento. Por outro lado, há esforços na busca pela melhoria da gestão de resíduos, ao se observar as políticas públicas adotadas pelo governo local, a favor de um melhor gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos no Distrito Federal: estas foram aqui mapeadas e classificadas de acordo com o modelo proposto por Lowi, e    que permitiram uma breve reflexão acerca da corregulação como ferramenta importante na gestão de resíduos no Distrito Federal.
Bibliografia sobre preservação digital: um levantamento nos diversos suportes informacionais
Authors:   Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia, Márdero Arellano Miguel Ángel , Santos Gildenir Carolino ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Silva Ana Paula A.C. da ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Gonçalves Andrea ,   Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rocco Brenda Couto de Brito ,   Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Pavão Caterina Marta Groposo ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Damásio Edilson ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Araújo Francisco de Assis Noberto Galdino de ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Machado João Guilherme ,   Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Oliveira Kadidja Valéria R. de ,   Universidade de Brasília, Santos Karina Veras Praxedes dos ,   Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, De Giusti Marisa Rachel ,   Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Boeres Sonia Araújo de Assis ,   Universidade de Brasília
Published: June 2021

Esta obra organizada pelos membros do Grupo de Pesquisa "Estudos e Práticas de Preservação Digital" da Rede Cariniana traz à tona, por meio de uma variada coletânea a partir deste volume 1, uma compilação do estado da arte sobre Preservação Digital, arrolada no periodo de 30 anos, no Brasil e no mundo, organizado por vinte e uma (21) áreas temáticas dentro da área central sobre preservação digital, e estruturada pela compilagem de referências e bibliografias nos diversos suportes informacionais (livros, periódicos, sites, CD-ROM, etc.), aprimorando-se como uma fonte de referência para novos e futuros levantamentos bibliográficos a existir sobre o assunto.
Characterization and identification of compounds in neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil
Authors: Asseafa Hailemariam , Asteraye Yeshitila , Dagnaw Tesfahun
Published: June 2021

The seed oil of Azadrichta indica was obtained by Soxhlet extraction method. The maximum oil yield using petroleum ether was found 18.4% at a temperature of 70oC and a minimum yield of 13.5% at 30oC while at the same operating condition ethyl acetate and methanol resulted a maximum yield of 17.0% and 16.5% and a minimum of 12.0% and 13.0% respectively. So petroleum ether is a good solvent to afford high yield in this work. The oil was analyzed by GC-MS and result in the identification of the compounds (palmitoleic acid methyl ester, palmitic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid methyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester, stearic acid methyl ester, etc.) was obtained. In the present study various physical and chemical characteristics have been also studied. The results also indicated that the oil extracted from neem seed is the most acidic and non edible.
Population distribution, conservation status and vulnerability of Ternstroemia cameroonensis Cheek. in the Lebialem Highlands, Cameroon
Authors: Nkemnkeng Francoline Jong , Anjah Mendi Grace , Tacham Walter Ndam , Nyikob Mbogue Christiana Ngyete , Taffo Junior Baudoin Wouokoue , Nguetsop Victor-François
Published: June 2021

The study was conducted in the Lebialem Highlands with the aim to assess the population distribution, sustainability and conservation status of Ternstroemia cameroonensis in its natural habitat. A total of 25 circular plots of 10 m diameter were established around T. cameroonensis and all species as well as threat to their sustainability evaluated. Data were collected, entered into excel and various percentages calculated while diameter at breast height of T. cameroonensis and three companion species where analysed in STATGRAPHICS XVII.II and the mean separated. The results revealed that T. cameroonensis is found in six localities, mostly between 1500 m to 2500 m above sea level. The three companion species were Aguaria saliciflora, Cyathea camerooniana and Draceana mannii. The most exploitable individuals were at Agocham (64%) while the least at Fossimondi (25%). The highest percentage of dead stems was recorded in Magha (42.85). Among the exploited stems, 33.33% showed a completely dead crown, whereas 10% regular and healthy. The main part of the species exploited w the bark (100%) and in case the stem gets dry it is exploited as fuel wood. T. cameroonensis was shown to be more vulnerable in Montane forests (2.8) than gallery forest (2.6).
Ecophysiological responses of Phaseolus vulgaris L. to salinity and irrigation regimes in screen house
Authors: Tabot Pascal Tabi , Mebong Mfombep Priscilla , Abeche Achangoh Josaiah , Kedju Nchufor Christopher , Nyama Besingi Claudius
Published: June 2021

Secondary salinization of arable lands, and declining irrigation water resources are major challenges for crop production. We investigated synergistic effects of salinity and irrigation on Phaseolus vulgaris L. in a 4 × 3 factorial experiment with four salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 ppt) coupled with 3 irrigation regimes that reflected a deficit, normal and excess irrigation for the region. Growth and ecophysiological variables were measured, and data submitted to Analyses of variance, Correlation and Factor analyses in the Minitab Version 17 software. Salinity stress decreased height (35.05 to 31.97 cm) as salinity increased from 0 to 8 ppt. Number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers and fruits as well as fruit mass and harvest index all decreased as salinity stress increased. Plants in the deficit irrigation regime had higher water use efficiency (1.27g/l) and transpiration use efficiency (29.51 g/l) compared to those under higher irrigation regimes. Salinity and water stress effects on yield and plant water relations would significantly impede production of this crop, with significant yield losses of over 400% in higher salinities. Therefore measures to alleviate soil salinity are necessary for enhanced P. vulgaris production in such saline contaminated areas.
Effectiveness of Anonidium mannii seed extracts against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Fusarium solani, agents responsible for anthracnose and fusariose of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the Centre region-Cameroon
Authors: Désiré Manga Anaba , Bekolo Ndongo , Hortense Biye Elvire , Norbert Kuate Tueguem William , Patrice Ngatsi Zemko , Véronique Ngono Ambassa
Published: June 2021

Anthracnose and Fusariose of beans caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Fusarium solani respectively are two dreaded diseases that can lead to yield losses of 30 to 100% in the field. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal activities of seed extracts of Anonidium mannii (Annonaceae) on the in vitro growth of C. lindemuthianum and F. solani. Extracts of A. mannii seeds obtained from acetone, water and methanol solvents, were used for phytochemical screening and for the preparation of solutions with concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 µl/ml. To evaluate radial growth, explants of 0.7 cm diameter each were obtained from two strains of C. lindemuthianum and two strains of F. solani. They were placed each at the centre of sterile Petri dishes containing the PDA medium supplemented with the different concentrations of extracts and incubated at 23°C for 6 days. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins in the A. mannii seed extracts and this depended on the solvent used. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50 and MIC90) were also calculated. At a concentration of 50µl/ml each, acetone extract inhibited the growth of strain 2 of C. lindemuthianum (2.33 cm) more than the methanol extract (3.26 cm) in six days of incubation. Similarly, the growth of strain 2 of F. solani was strongly inhibited by methanol extract (1.98 cm). The MIC50 of the aqueous extract gave 27.38 µl/ml with F. solani and 32.24 µl/ml for the acetone extract with C. lindemuthianum. Due to their antifungal power, after purification with bioactive compounds, the aqueous, acetone and methanol extracts revealed by the phytochemical screening could be used as synthetic fungicides for the control of anthracnose and fusariose of common bean.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain in Dhol Players in India
Authors: Walankar Prachita , Patil Ninisha
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in dhol players in India. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 96 dhol players. A self-administered questionnaire comprising of demographic profile, dhol player characteristics, presence of musculoskeletal pain,
and specific area of pain according to the body region was used to collect information from the dhol players. RESULTS: The mean age and duration of playing dhol experience were 22.26+3.05 and 6.08+1.27 years, respectively. Among 96 dhol players, 93 (96.9%) and 55 (57.3%) reported presence
of musculoskeletal pain with respect to the 12-month prevalence and 7-day prevalence, respectively. In 12-month prevalence, the most common site of pain was the low back (67.7%), followed by shoulder (54.2%) and wrist and hand (24%). In 7-day prevalence, the most common site of pain was the
low back (41.7%), followed by shoulder (24%) and upper back (15.6%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age (p=0.002) and duration of playing dhol (p<0.001) were associated with 7-day prevalence of musculoskeletal pain. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated high prevalence
of musculoskeletal pain in dhol players. Low back, shoulder, wrist/hand, and upper back were common sites of pain. Identification of these factors in dhol players may assist in further research on targeted prevention, scientific recommendations, and rehabilitation.
Perceptions and Utilization of Strength Training and Conditioning in Collegiate Contemporary and Ballet Dancers: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Rosenthal Miriam , McPherson Alyssa M , Docherty Carrie L , Klossner Joanne
Published: June 2021

AIMS: Research demonstrates that dancers benefit from reduced injury risk and improved health by engaging in strength training and conditioning (STC). Historic bias within the discipline of dance, however, establishes a long-standing stigma that gains in muscle mass and strength lessen
a dancer's aesthetic appearance, and thus many dancers rebuff STC as a supplement to dance training. However, there is growing evidence that dancers and dance educators are beginning to understand the importance of additional resistance training and cardiovascular conditioning. This study
explored dancers' perceptions and utilization of STC using a general qualitative approach. METHODS: Twenty-three female collegiate dancers (13 contemporary dancers, 10 ballet dancers, mean age 19.95 x 0.97 yrs) volunteered to participate in this study. The principal investigator conducted
individual, semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Inductive analysis revealed three major themes: 1) evolving body image, 2) motivation, and 3) education. Trustworthiness was established using member checks, peer debriefing, and journaling. This study concluded collegiate dancers utilized STC
as a means to enhance the individual's body image. This was driven by a continuum of motivating factors. Although collegiate dancers are utilizing STC, education on STC techniques and practices was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: While further research is needed, results from this study suggest STC
could be initiated and promoted in the discipline of dance to further enhance physical fitness and general well-being. Dancers and dance instructors should receive education about the importance of STC within dance training as well as how to safely implement STC exercise into training regimens.
Intra-Rater and Inter-Rater Reliability of Hand-Held Dynamometry for Shoulder Strength Assessment in Circus Arts Students
Authors: Ganderton Charlotte , Kerr Bonnie , King Matthew , Lenssen Ross , Warby Sarah , Munro David , Watson Lyn , Balster Simon , Han Jia , Tirosh Oren
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to establish the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of isometric shoulder strength assessment using a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) in functional joint positions in student circus artists with symptomatic atraumatic shoulder instability. METHODS: Over
two testing sessions, two experienced physiotherapists assessed the shoulder strength of 24 student circus artists with clinically diagnosed atraumatic shoulder instability. Both the symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulder was assessed using a HHD in 10 functional positions. Intra-class correlation
coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to determine the reliability of strength measurements. RESULTS: All examined positions showed moderate-high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. External rotation at 0 and internal rotation in horizontal flexion at 45 revealed the most reliable results,
and the shrug position the least reliable. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability was high and demonstrated similar results in symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders by both raters. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrated clinical applicability in reliably measuring functional strength in symptomatic
atraumatic instability or asymptomatic shoulders when assessed by experienced therapists using an HHD.
How to Treat Musicians with Frozen Shoulder: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kok LM , Kraal T , van Noort A
Published: June 2021

Musicians comprise a specific occupational group with high musculoskeletal loads as well as demands. A frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain and loss of function of the glenohumeral joint. Despite being described as a generally
self-limiting condition, the clinical course of the disease is unclear. A frozen shoulder can be a career-threatening diagnosis for musicians who need a wide range of motion of the shoulder to play their instruments. The aim of this narrative review is to provide healthcare providers and musicians
with an overview of treatment principles for instrumental musicians with frozen shoulder. In this review, both general treatment principles as well as instrument-specific ergonomic tools are discussed. The aim is to provide an overview of the available tools to preserve a musician's playing
capabilities and to enable early return to playing the instrument.
Uncovering the Reasons of EFL Teachers’ Unwillingness and Demotivation towards Being More Assessment Literate
Authors: ÖLMEZER ÖZTÜRK Elçin
Published: June 2021

The current study investigates the reasons of EFL teachers’ unwillingness and demotivation towards being more assessment literate. 19 EFL teachers working in the preparatory programs of various state universities took part in the study, and the data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Those 19 teachers were deliberately chosen from 27 teachers based on their negative utterances towards being more assessment literate in relation to the aim of the current study. The data obtained from the utterances of the participants with respect to two interview questions were transcribed, coded and labelled according to the recurrent and common themes according to the qualitative content scheme of Creswell (2012). The findings revealed that why the participating teachers were unwilling and demotivated to be more assessment literate resulted from five factors; a) seeing language assessment as an extra burden, b) the presence of testing office and materials, c) language assessment as an anxiety-provoking factor, d) institutional factors and e) rarity of ways to improve oneself. Apart from shedding light on the unwillingness and demotivation of teachers to learn more about assessment, this study also comes up with implications for language teachers and research suggestions in relation to the findings of the study.
The Unit Testlet Dilemma: PISA Sample
Authors: AYAN Cansu , BARIŞ PEKMEZCİ Fulya
Published: June 2021

Testlets have advantages such as making it possible to measure higher-order thinking skills and saving time, which are accepted in the literature. For this reason, they have often been preferred in many implementations from in-class assessments to large-scale assessments. Because of increased usage of testlets, the following questions are controversial topics to be studied: “Is it enough for the items to share a common stem to be assumed as a testlet?” “Which estimation method should be preferred in implementation containing this type of items?” “Is there an alternative estimation method for PISA implementation which consists of this type of items?” In addition to these, which statistical model to use for the estimations of the items, since they violate the local independence assumption has become a popular topic of discussion. In light of these discussions this study aimed to clarify the unit-testlet ambiguity with various item response theory models when testlets consist of a mixed item type (dichotomous and polytomous) for the science and math tests of the PISA 2018. When the findings were examined, it was seen that while the bifactor model fits the data best, the uni-dimensional model fits quite closely with the bifactor model for both data sets (science and math). On the other hand, the multi-dimensional IRT model has the weakest model fit for both test types. In line with all these findings, the methods used when determining the testlet items were discussed and estimation suggestions were made for implementations using testlets, especially PISA.
Clinical characteristic, red blood cell indices, iron profile and prognosis of heart failure in females
Authors: Deora Surender , Sharma Jai Bharat , Sharma Shubham , Chaudhary Nikhil , Kaushik Atul , Choudhary Rahul , Charan Jai Karan , Sharma Deepak , Bohra Gopal Krishna , Singh Kuldeep
Published: June 2021

Background: Heart failure is a leading killer worldwide, with concurrent anaemia and iron deficiency portending sepulchral prognosis. Anaemia is rampant, with 53% prevalence in Indian females, but iron deficiency can be present even without anaemia. Therefore, this study was planned to determine the clinical profile, red blood cell indices, and effects of iron deficiency, on the course and prognosis of heart failure in Indian females.Materials and methods: This was a hospital-based observational study, conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute in India. Data from 147 females enrolled in the study between September 2017 to March 2020 was collected out of all patients enrolled in ongoing heart failure registry at the institute. Clinical characteristics at presentation, iron profile, red blood cell indices, treatment and mortality data was collected.Results: Mean age of the subjects (n = 147) was 53.31 ± 17.1 years with 55% non-rheumatic and 45% with rheumatic heart disease. The patients with rheumatic heart disease were younger, with a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation. Non-rheumatic patients had a higher prevalence of CV risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, renal failure, more patients in NYHA IV, and 83% patients had LVEF ≤40%. Anaemia was present in 49%, however iron deficiency was present in 89% (absolute iron deficiency in 80% and functional iron deficiency in 9%) with no significant difference between rheumatic and non-rheumatic group. Red blood cell indices showed no significant difference across the spectrum of iron deficiency and anaemia, except lower mean corpuscular volume in patients with both iron deficiency and anaemia. The mean survival time was 840 days, with no significant difference between groups. There was significantly higher mortality in patients with iron deficiency (log rank 0.045).Conclusion: Iron deficiency–with or without anaemia–is very high in Indian females, worsening survival in heart failure. Proper diagnosis with iron supplementation will improve the prognosis.
Severe degeneration of a sub-coronary pulmonary autograft in a young adult
Authors: Latif Najma , Mahgoub Ahmed , Nagy Mohamed , Sarathchandra Padmini , Yacoub Magdi H
Published: June 2021

Background: The pulmonary autograft is currently the best valve substitute in terms of longevity and performance. However, there is no agreement about the optimal method of insertion (sub- coronary position or freestanding root).Objectives: We sought to examine the clinical status, detailed imaging and morphometric changes in an explanted pulmonary autograft 22 years after sub-coronary implantation.Methods: A 30-year-old female underwent pulmonary autograft replacement of a severely stenotic valve at the age of 7 years, after presenting to us with signs of moderate to severe heart failure. She underwent clinical examination, detailed imaging including echocardiographic and CT examination with computerised image analysis. The explanted valve was examined by morphometry.Results: Clinical examination showed signs of heart failure (NYHA III). Trans-thoracic and trans- oesophageal 2D echo showed severe malfunction of both the aortic and pulmonary valves associated with dilatation and hypertrophy of both the right and left ventricles. Surgical correction was performed by replacing both the pulmonary and aortic valves with Medtronic 27mm Freestyle valves. The pulmonary autograft showed degeneration of the trilamellar layering of the leaflets, loss and disorganisation of GAGs, increased collagen with fibrotic overgrowth, and markers of fibrosis, inflammation, and calcification. Post-operative imaging showed good correction of the haemodynamic lesions.Conclusion: The pulmonary autograft implanted into the sub-coronary position presented with adverse remodelling, which was detrimental to the functionality and longevity of the valve.Authorship: NL, AM, MN all contributed equally to this paper.
Rapidly expanding aortic root mycotic pseudoaneurysm with outflow tract fistula
Authors: Parikh Ishan , Spindel Jeffrey , Mathbout Mohammad , Ghafghazi Shahab
Published: June 2021

We present a 50-year-old patient with chronic Stanford type-A aortic dissection, infective endocarditis, and rapidly expanding peri-aortic myocytic pseudoaneurysm with LVOT fistula. This case highlights the role of multimodality imaging in pathoanatomically complex-case evaluation.
High output heart failure as a result of an ilio-caval fistula with a negative shunt series
Authors: Huffman Travis R , Sbaih Nadine , Mathbout Mohammad , Ghafghazi Shahab
Published: June 2021

Congestive heart failure (CHF) with high cardiac output is an uncommon, yet attributable result of non-hemodialysis arteriovenous malformations. While the prevalence of high output heart failure has yet to be determined, it is observably low - specifically when looking at cases of high output heart failure as a result of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) with fistula formation, an entity that carries a reported incidence of <1% of all complications of AAA. In this report, we present a 64-year-old male with high output heart failure secondary to a ruptured right common iliac aneurysm causing right ilio-iliac and ilio-caval fistulas.
Przejawy i przyczyny altruizmu u zwierząt
Authors: Uchmański Janusz , Niczyporuk Sylwia
Published: June 2021

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie ewolucyjnych wyjaśnień współpracy i altruizmu w świecie zwierząt oraz takich form relacji międzygatunkowych, które przynoszą korzyści stronom biorącym w nich udział. Przy wyjaśnianiu posługiwano się pojęciem doboru indywidualnego, doboru grupowego i doboru krewniaczego. W pracy podkreślono istotność relacji wewnątrz- i międzygatunkowych w kształtowaniu obrazu przyrody. Analizując interakcje wewnątrzgatunkowe, skupiono się na wyjaśnieniu tego, jak stopień pokrewieństwa wpływa na relacje pomiędzy krewniakami i jakie są tego skutki w zależności od stopnia pokrewieństwa. Wprowadzono pojęcie doboru krewniaczego, przedstawiono liczne przykłady z tego zakresu oraz wyjaśniono regułę Hamiltona, która w sposób ilościowy ujmuje te zjawiska. Omawiając możliwość nawiązania współpracy między osobnikami niespokrewnionymi tego samego gatunku, wprowadzono pojęcie altruizmu odwzajemnionego i wyjaśniono schemat myślenia zwany dylematem więźnia. Rozważano także możliwe zmiany, jakim w trakcie koewolucji mogą podlegać relacje między gatunkami. W szczególności zastanawiano się, czy koewolucja może prowadzić do wzrostu natężenia pozytywnych relacji między gatunkami aż do przejawów międzygatunkowego altruizmu włącznie. Podano przykłady takiej współpracy, która polega na wzajemnym tworzeniu nisz ekologicznych.
Problematyka marnowania żywności w Polsce a kształtowanie wzorca zrównoważonej konsumpcji
Authors: Niedek Mikołaj , Krajewski Karol
Published: June 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest nakreślenie kierunków działań związanych z kształtowaniem trwałej i zrównoważonej konsumpcji, na tle wyników badań i analiz w zakresie poziomu strat i marnotrawstwa żywności w łańcuchu żywnościowym przeprowadzonych w ramach projektu badawczego PROM. Punktem wyjścia jest zarysowanie problematyki strat i marnotrawstwa żywności w świetle danych dostępnych na poziomie globalnym, europejskim i krajowym oraz pokazanie, że problematyka ta ma charakter interdyscyplinarny – społeczny, ekonomiczny, ekologiczny i że stanowi właściwy przedmiot refleksji ekofilozoficznej i etyczno-środowiskowej. Negatywne dla środowiska, społeczeństwa i gospodarki tendencje związane ze współczesnym poziomem strat i marnotrawstwa żywności na wszystkich etapach łańcucha rolno-żywnościowego, wymagają zmian obecnych wzorców konsumpcji na zgodne z wymogami trwałego i zrównoważonego rozwoju. Transformacja ta wymaga wprowadzenia zmian o charakterze aksjologicznym i etycznym, które są szczególnie wskazane na końcowym etapie łańcucha żywnościowego – nabywania żywności przez konsumentów i sposobu postępowania z nią w gospodarstwach domowych. Artykuł kreśli również kierunki dalszych badań mających na celu przygotowanie właściwej, całościowej podstawy teoretycznej do projektowania adekwatnych działań implementacyjnych trwałego i zrównoważonego rozwoju w obszarze konsumpcji.
Stan poinformowania oraz źródła wiedzy studentów pedagogiki na temat aktualnych wydarzeń dotyczących środowiska naturalnego i jego ochrony
Authors: Ciążela Adriana
Published: June 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest prezentacja badania znajomości najnowszych wydarzeń i trendów  dotyczących środowiska naturalnego i jego ochrony, przeprowadzonego wśród studentów pedagogiki jako przyszłych nauczycieli mających podejmować te zagadnienia w działalności edukacyjnej. Badanie wykonano w maju i czerwcu 2020 r., drogą mailową na grupie 140 studentów pedagogiki Akademii Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej w Warszawie. Celem badania było sprawdzenie zarówno orientacji studentów w powyższych kwestiach, jak i tego, co stanowi dla nich źródło wiedzy. Wyniki badania wskazują na zróżnicowany poziom wiedzy studentów. Na niektóre pytania zamieszczone w kwestionariuszu prawidłowo odpowiedziało 70‒80% uczestników, na inne poniżej 40%, a relatywnie duży odsetek zadeklarował, że nie zna odpowiedzi. Wyniki są jednak niepokojące, jeśli chodzi o szkołę i uczelnię jako źródło wiedzy na temat środowiska i jego ochrony oraz aktualnych wydarzeń i decyzji dotyczących środowiska. Głównym źródłem wiedzy studentów okazały się media społecznościowe, wyprzedziwszy portale informacyjne i telewizję. Tylko w niewielkim odsetku studenci zadeklarowali, że czerpią wiedzę ze szkoły lub uczelni. Wyniki badania wskazują na potrzebę refleksji nad miejscem edukacji ekologicznej w ramach formalnej edukacji w Polsce.
Kształtowanie nawyków prozdrowotnych u dzieci w młodszym wieku szkolnym w kontekście edukacji sustensywnej
Authors: Waszczuk Joanna , Konowaluk-Nikitin Helena , Pawłowicz-Sosnowska Ewa
Published: June 2021

We współczesnej literaturze przedmiotu koncepcje zrównoważonego rozwoju od strony teoretycznej są dość dobrze opracowane, dostrzega się jednak potrzebę zbadania zastosowania tych idei w praktyce. Ważne wydaje się zatem budowanie strategii działań zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do sfery świadomościowej. Kształtowanie społecznej świadomości zrównoważonego rozwoju warunkowane jest kształtowaniem postawy prozdrowotnej dzieci już w młodszym wieku szkolnym. Dlatego celem podjętych badań, których wyniki są przedstawione w artykule, było poznanie poziomu nawyków prozdrowotnych, jaki osiągnęły dzieci w wieku wczesnoszkolnym, jako elementu edukacji sustensywnej. Analiza uzyskanych wyników badań pozwoliła odpowiedzieć na kluczowe pytanie problemowe, w jaki sposób kształtuje się postawa prozdrowotna dzieci w wieku wczesnoszkolnym w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju z udziałem oddziaływań rodziców i nauczycieli? Wyniki badań pokazały wysoki poziom nawyków prozdrowotnych dzieci, co w pewnym stopniu wskazuje na potrzebę utrzymania strategii działań edukacji sustensywnej poprzez realizację zadań w aspekcie współdziałania środowiska szkolnego i rodzinnego, a także na potrzebę kontynuacji badań z wymienionego obszaru.
Ruch B Corp wobec wyzwań zrównoważonego rozwoju w dobie pandemii COVID-19 – wybrane polskie przykłady
Authors: Jastrzębska Ewa
Published: June 2021

Pandemia COVID-19 wywołała bezprecedensowe konsekwencje – począwszy od służby zdrowia, poprzez gospodarkę, aż do życia społeczeństw. Jej wielowymiarowy negatywny wpływ sprawił, że zdaniem wielu ekspertów pod znakiem zapytania stanęła realizacja Celów Zrównoważonego Rozwoju ONZ (SDGs). Panuje jednak coraz powszechniejsze przekonanie, że obecny kryzys to doskonała okazja, by projektując popandemiczną rzeczywistość, nie powielać błędów wcześniejszego modelu rozwoju. Kluczową rolę w tym zakresie powinien odegrać biznes, który ma do swojej dyspozycji różnorodne koncepcje, pokazujące jak odpowiedzialnie działać na rzecz otoczenia i budować zrównoważoną gospodarkę. Jedną z takich koncepcji jest ruch B Corporation. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy ruch B Corp przyczynia się do realizacji SDGs, szczególnie dotkniętych negatywnym wpływem pandemii, zarówno z punktu widzenia teorii (ocena założeń ruchu), jak i empirii (analiza wybranych polskich przykładów firm z certyfikatem B Corp). Tak postawionemu celowi podporządkowane zostały metody badawcze – krytyczna analiza literatury przedmiotu oraz studia przypadku. Przeprowadzone analizy pozwoliły stwierdzić, że założenia ruchu B Corp są zgodne z ideą zrównoważonego rozwoju, a B Corps w Polsce przyczyniają się do wdrażania tych SDGs, które są szczególnie ważne w dobie pandemii.
Multi-effect evaporator desalination powered by geo-solar thermal energy
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia, Alenezi Ibrahim
Published: June 2021

The abundance of solar energy in Saudi Arabia makes it the most promising option for use in water desalination. A salinity gradient solar pond (SGSP) is one of the most encouraging direct solar heat collectors. Increasing the gradient zone depth of the SGSP to 0.6m allows it to sustain the low operating temperature of single-or multi-effect evaporators (MEE) for 9 months of the year. The unique innovation of utilizing the heat of deep well water to support the operation of a system with such a low operating temperature provides feed water at up to 55°C, which means only 11.2kJ of heat energy is required to heat each 1kg of water to the MEE’s evaporation temperature. This is 9.7% of the energy required when using surface seawater. A MATLAB simulation tool was developed to model the coupling of an SGSP with an MEE and was validated with experimental data collected for the climatic conditions of Saudi Arabia. It is well known that a conventional thermal desalination plant is cost-intensive, but the coupling model study of SGSP–MEE shows its operational feasibility at much lower costs.
THz-излучение в магнитном переходе Fe/Mo
Authors: Вилков Е.А. , Чигарев С.Г. , Маликов И.В. , Фомин Л.А.
Published: June 2021

An investigation was made of THz radiation in the Fe/Mo magnetic junction arising from the pumping by a high-density current of the upper spin subband in the induced ferromagnetism layer in Mo. The tensor character of the exchange interaction constant at the Fe / Mo interface, associated with the presence of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction, promotes radiative relaxation.
Особенности перемагничивания обменно-связанных пленочных структур Tb-Co/FeNi в температурном интервале, включающем точку компенсации ферримагнитного слоя
Authors: Свалов А.В. , Лепаловский В.Н. , Степанова Е.А. , Макарочкин И.А. , Васьковский В.О. , Laranaga A. , Курляндская Г.В.
Published: June 2021

The magnetic properties of exchange-coupled Tb-Co/FeNi film structures obtained by magnetron sputtering were studied in a wide temperature range. It was shown that a decrease in the Zeeman energy when approaching the compensation temperature of the ferrimagnetic layer was accompanied by a change in the sequence of magnetization reversal of the layers. The efficiency of the interlayer exchange interaction varies with temperature very little.
Система терагерцевой спектроскопии газовых смесей на основе твердотельных сверхпроводниковых источника и приемника терагерцевого диапазона
Authors: Кинев Н.В. , Рудаков К.И. , Филиппенко Л.В. , Кошелец В.П.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we demonstrate the application of a terahertz (THz) Josephson oscillator based on a tunnel superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) long junction coupled to a transmitting antenna and emitting a signal to open space, for gas spectroscopy. The oscillator is utilized as an active source, the signal of which is absorbed by a gas mixture in a cell 60 cm long and then detected by a spectrometer based on a SIS receiver with a spectral resolution of better than 100 kHz. In the experiment, the absorption lines of ammonia and water in the THz range were recorded, and the dependence of the absorption spectral characteristics on the pressure of the gas mixture was shown in a wide range (from 0.005 to 10 mbar).
Исследование параметров сверхпроводящих и изолирующих элементов структур, получаемых на пленках YBCO методом задающей маски, при уменьшении их размеров
Authors: Мастеров. Д.В. , Павлов C.A. , Парафин A.E. , Скороходов E.B.
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the electrophysical parameters of superconducting and insulating elements of planar structures manufactured by the preliminary topology mask method based on the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-d, when the size of the elements is reduced to values of the order of one micrometer. Using standard photolithography by the preliminary topology mask method, structures with superconducting elements with a width of 2 microns and parameters sufficient for instrument applications are obtained.
Разработка джозефсоновского параметрического усилителя бегущей волны нa основе алюминиевых СИС-переходов
Authors: Тарасов М. , Гунбина А. , Лемзяков С. , Нагирная Д. , Фоминский М. , Чекушкин А. , Кошелец В. , Голдобин Э. , Калабухов А.
Published: June 2021

We designed, fabricated, and tested several prototypes of a Josephson Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) with aluminum SIS junctions integrated in series array of dc SQUIDs in the central line of coplanar waveguide. Three types of fabrication recipes were tested: two with shadow evaporation and one with magnetron sputtering and direct e-beam lithography. IV curves of SQUIDs were measured at bath temperature of 0.3 K. We developed a cryogenic setup for meas-urements of spectral characteristics of JTWPA comprising cold HEMT amplifier with circulator, cold attenuators and filters in signal and pump coaxial lines. Resonant characteristic of coplanar quarter-wave resonator with directional coupler intended for short JTWPA was measured.
Изготовление сверхпроводниковых туннельных структур с использованием электронно-лучевой литографии
Authors: Фоминский М.Ю. , Филиппенко Л.В. , Чекушкин А.М. , Кошелец В.П.
Published: June 2021

The technology for manufacturing submicron Nb - AlN - NbN tunnel junctions using electron beam lithography has been developed and optimized. Investigations have been carried out to select the exposure dose, development time, and plasma-chemical etching parameters to obtain the high quality of junctions (the ratio of the resistances below and above the gap Rj/Rn). The use of a negative resist ma-N 2400 with lower sensitivity and better contrast in comparison with a negative resist UVN 2300-0.5 has improved the reproducibility of the structure fabrication process. The submicron (area from 2.0 to 0.2 µm2) tunnel junctions Nb - AlN - NbN with high current density and quality parameter Rj / Rn> 15 were fabricated. The spread of parameters of submicron tunnel structures across the substrate and the reproducibility of the cycle-to-cycle process of fabrication of tunnel structures has been experimentally measured.
Создание элементов из NbN для логических устройств классических криокомпьютеров
Authors: Гурович Б.А. , Приходько К.Е. , Кутузов Л.В. , Гончаров Б.В. , Комаров Д.А. , Малиева Е.М.
Published: June 2021

The paper describes a method that reduces the critical current and switching power of a nanowire of small length from a superconducting state to a normal one by embedding a section of normal metal into the nanowire. This effect is due to the local heating of the superconductor due to the heat released in the normal metal. The integrated resistance was formed from the original NbN under ion-beam irradiation through the mask. The obtained values of switching powers make it possible to design multilayer logic elements without galvanic coupling for classical cryo-computers.