bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angular Momentum Transportation by Zonal Circulation Helps Meridional Displacements of East Asian Westerly Jet
Authors: Zhou Bingqian , Hu Shujuan , Peng Jianjun , Wang Kai , Wu Yuchen , Li Deqian , Zheng Zhihai
Published: October 2024

The meridional displacements of the East Asian westerly jet (EAJ) exhibit remarkable interannual variability characteristics, significantly modulating the weather and climate over East Asia. Our study aims to refine the thermal‐driven (angular momentum transport) and dynamically driven (atmospheric eddy activities) processes that dominate the interannual meridional motion of the wintertime EAJ. We employ the recently proposed three‐pattern decomposition of global atmospheric circulation (3P‐DGAC) theory to decompose the zonal momentum equation for the purpose of diagnosing the zonal momentum budget of the EAJ from three‐dimensional (3D) horizontal, meridional and zonal circulation perspectives. Results indicate that, in addition to the widely recognised driving mechanisms of angular momentum transported by thermal direct meridional Hadley circulation and horizontal eddy momentum flux convergence, the previously neglected role of local zonal circulation in transporting angular momentum significantly impacts the meridional shift of EAJ. The uneven accumulation of angular momentum transported by asymmetric zonal circulations emerges on the northern and southern sides of EAJ axis, causing an abnormal meridional displacement of EAJ. Notably, the local zonal circulation rising from the Tibetan Plateau and descending across the North Pacific Ocean transported angular momentum to the core and downstream regions of EAJ, thereby significantly accelerating zonal winds and pushing the EAJ northward. Further investigation into the potential mechanisms suggests that anomalous snow depth on the southern Tibetan Plateau is the main factor causing abnormal local zonal circulation. Our study addresses the deficiency in traditional two‐dimensional (2D) circulation decomposition methods that neglect the significant role of zonal circulation in the thermal‐driven process of EAJ, complements the understanding of 3D angular momentum transport mechanisms and reveals potential nonlinear synergies of 3D circulations related to the interannual meridional displacement of EAJ.
Defining the segmental tension generated in a vertebral body tethering system for scoliosis
Authors: Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Farnsworth Christine L. , Caffrey Jason P. , Olmert Tony , Brink Ian , Cain Phoebe , Mannen Erin
Published: October 2024

Vertebral body tethering (VBT) uses a flexible tether affixed across the curve convexity with tension applied at each segment to treat scoliosis. Intraoperative tether tension may be achieved directly with a counter‐tensioner or with an extension spring tube. The purpose of this study was to quantify the force generated with and without the extension spring tube using current FDA‐approved VBT instrumentation, to understand the variation between surgeons using the same instrumentation, and to define the force range that is generated intra‐operatively. Using a benchtop mechanical testing setup to simulate a spinal segment, we affixed the tether and applied tension using a tensioner and counter‐tensioner alone (method T1) or by adding an extension spring tube (method T2). Eight orthopedic surgeons used T1 and T2 at six tensioner settings, and one surgeon completed three trials. A two‐way ANOVA with a Tukey's HSD post hoc test (p < 0.05) compared the tensioner methods and testing levels. Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliabilities were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Methods T1 and T2 exhibited linear tension‐setting relationships, with high determination coefficients (R2 > 0.93). T2 consistently produced higher forces (increase of 62.1 N/setting), compared to T1 (increase of 50.6 N/setting, p < 0.05). Inter‐rater reliability exhibited excellent agreement (ICC = 0.951 and 0.943 for T1 and T2, respectively), as did intra‐rater reliability (ICC = 0.971).
Lateral flow test versus enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to measure infliximab trough concentrations: A head‐to‐head comparison
Authors: Bouhuys Marleen , Wessels Margreet M. S. , de Vries Willemien , Lambeck Annechien J. A. , Touw Daan J. , van Rheenen Patrick F.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Infliximab is an antitumour necrosis factor agent used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Measurement of infliximab trough concentrations (C‐troughs) are used to optimize drug exposure and improve outcomes. Currently, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are used predominantly for this purpose. Novel lateral flow immunoassays provide a rapid result.

Methods

We collected 100 paired serum samples of adolescents and young adults with IBD, who were treated with infliximab maintenance infusions. C‐troughs were measured with the Quantum Blue® lateral flow test (QB) with ELISA. Results were categorized as low‐range (mean C‐trough ≤5 µg/mL) or high‐range (>5 µg/mL). A Bland–Altman plot was created with limits of clinical acceptability set at ≤2 µg/mL for low‐range and ≤40% for high‐range C‐troughs. A concordance matrix was created to evaluate the C‐trough‐based clinical scenario (whether or not to escalate infliximab) using a cutoff value of 5 µg/mL.

Results

Agreement between QB and ELISA was good (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.85). In the low‐range, 90% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79–96) of measurements were within the limits of clinical acceptability. In the high‐range this was 67% (95% CI: 53–79). QB provided higher results than ELISA. The concordance matrix showed 81% agreement (95% CI: 72–88, κ: 0.62).

Conclusions

Lateral flow‐ and ELISA‐based infliximab C‐trough measurements were in agreement. The swift establishment of infliximab C‐troughs matters for patients experiencing increased disease activity. In the event of a low C‐trough, prompt dose escalation can be initiated.
Preparation and performance evaluation of CNF‐enhanced polyether‐modified polysiloxane defoamer
Authors: Gao Yifei , Wang Jian , Xu Dehua , Lin Yuxuan , Song Wenbao , Wang Yubo , Xu Fei , Chen Gang
Published: October 2024

In this article, polyether‐modified polysiloxanes were synthesized by the reaction of poly(methyl hydrogen siloxane) (PMHS) with Allyl alcohol polyether B‐400. FT‐IR, laser particle size analysis, hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value test, and surface tension measurements were used to characterize its structures and properties. The results show that the control law for the HLB value of polyether‐modified polysiloxanes was obtained as follow: the HLB value increases with increasing hydrogen content of PMHS. When the polyether‐modified polysiloxanes were used to emulsify the polysiloxane, at the HLB value of 10.5, the average particle size of the emulsion was about 0.23 μm with a narrow particle size distribution. The emulsion has good emulsifying and dispersing properties, as well as excellent foam elimination and foam inhibition performance. When the cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) was used as a protective agent for the preparing of the polysiloxane defoamer, the stability of the emulsion does not affect, but its foam elimination and foam inhibition of emulsion can be further improved at the presence of CNF. The lowest surface tension of CNF‐enhanced polyether‐modified polysiloxane defoamer is about 22.4 mN m−1, which has good surface property. When the concentration of CNF‐enhanced polyether‐modified polysiloxane defoamer was 0.1 g L−1, the foam elimination time and foam inhibition time were 5.8 s and 38 min, respectively, at the temperature (80°C) and alkali environment (pH 13).
Effects of Travel Agencies' Environment, Social, and Governance Marketing Activities on Consumer Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Yun Jeewoo , Klaus Phil , Hong Eunpyo , Lee Sangwoo , Park Jungkun
Published: October 2024

Environment, social, and governance (ESG) marketing activities are becoming increasingly crucial for business growth. This study surveys 322 participants in the US to determine the effects of consumer beliefs and attitudes toward travel agencies' ESG activities on consumer behavioral intentions. The moderating effects of tourism innovativeness and tourists' enjoyment are explored. The results reveal that environmental beliefs have a positive influence on attitudes toward ESG. Conversely, social and governance beliefs exhibit a positive impact solely on attitudes toward ESG advertisements, within the context of attitudes toward ESG in general. A positive attitude toward ESG advertising and branding activities influences the intention to repurchase. This study confirms that a positive attitude toward ESG branding activities has a positive effect on word of mouth. Tourist innovativeness plays a moderating role in the relationship between attitudes toward ESG advertising and word of mouth (WOM).
Consumer forgiveness: A literature review and research agenda
Authors: Yoruk Irem , Hsu Jen‐Hsien , Lee Zach W. Y.
Published: October 2024

Consumer forgiveness represents a compelling phenomenon for marketers, as understanding and leveraging forgiveness allows repairing consumer brand relationships. Marketing scholars began to pay closer attention to consumer forgiveness in the last decade with attempts to better understand and analyze this construct. This literature review on consumer forgiveness seeks to enrich the discourse on this phenomenon through a comprehensive systematic review of 89 articles. Through this literature review, we synthesize the findings of 89 articles to (1) understand how involved agents (e.g., firms/brands, humans, and autonomous technologies) influence the consumer forgiveness process, (2) develop a theoretical integrative framework delineating salient psychological mechanisms of the consumer forgiveness process, and (3) propose a future research agenda on consumer forgiveness.
Structure‐based design of antibodies targeting the EBNA1 DNA‐binding domain to block Epstein–Barr virus latent infection and tumor growth
Authors: Han Yongyue , Wu Fang , Zhang Ying , Liu Jun , Wu Yuzhe , Wang Yuecheng , Jiang Xiwen , Chen Xin , Xu Wei
Published: October 2024

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is critically involved in maintaining episomes during latent infection and promoting tumorigenesis. The development of an epitope‐specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) for EBNA1 holds great promise due to its high affinity and specificity, offering a new and innovative approach for the treatment of EBV‐related diseases. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we employed a structure‐based design strategy to create three unique immunogens specifically targeting the DNA binding state of the EBNA1 DBD. By immunizing mice, we successfully generated a mAb, named 5E2‐12, which selectively targets the DNA binding interface of EBNA1. The 5E2‐12 mAb effectively disrupts the interaction between EBNA1 and DNA binding, resulting in reduced proliferation of EBV‐positive cells and inhibition of xenograft tumor growth in both cellular assays and mouse tumor models. These findings open up new avenues for the development of innovative biological macromolecular drugs that specifically target EBNA1 and provide potential for clinical therapy options for early‐stage EBV‐positive tumors. The epitope‐specific mAb approach demonstrates novelty and innovation in tackling EBV‐related diseases and may have broad implications for precision medicine strategies in the field of viral‐associated cancers.
On the possibility of long‐distance transmission of OAM beam in rectangular tunnels
Authors: Ouyang Qixiang , Feng Ju , Du Wei , Shang Yuping , Liao Cheng
Published: October 2024

This letter explores the possibility of long‐distance transmission of an orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam through rectangular tunnels. Theoretical analysis reveals that the OAM beam propagating in the tunnel with square cross section fulfills the conditions for axial propagation and exhibits azimuth symmetry. In comparison with free‐space OAM generation, we draw the conclusion that long‐distance transmission of OAM beams is achievable in the tunnels with square cross section. The validity of our conclusion is further substantiated through numerical experiments. Simulation results demonstrate that the first‐order OAM beam radiated by a uniform circular antenna array exhibits favorable helical phase distribution and the circular symmetry of the amplitude distribution in the tunnel beyond the Rayleigh distance. However, these characteristics degrade with increasing mode order and propagation distance, because the increase of high‐order OAM beam divergence angle and propagation distance will exacerbate the impact of multipath effects in the tunnel environment.
Spermatogenic Stem Cells: Core Biology, Defining Features, and Utilities
Authors: Lord Tessa , Oatley Jon M.
Published: October 2024

The actions of spermatogenic stem cells (SSCs) provide the foundation for continual spermatogenesis and regeneration of the cognate lineage following cytotoxic insult or transplantation. Several decades of research with rodent models have yielded knowledge about the core biology, morphological features, and molecular profiles of mammalian SSCs. Translation of these discoveries to utilities for human fertility preservation, improving animal agriculture, and wildlife conservation are actively being pursued. Here, we provide overviews of these aspects covering both historical and current states of understanding.
Valves for the Voiceless: Time to Speaking Valve Use in Posttracheostomy Patients After Multidisciplinary Initiative
Authors: Huang Victoria W. , DeVore Elliana K. , Kaul Sumedh , Parikh Mihir , Hayes Margaret M. , Teng Stephanie E.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To review speaking valve (SV) use at a tertiary academic medical center and determine whether a multidisciplinary team implementation of SV protocols increased SV use and decreased time to SV trials.

Methods

Retrospective case series of patients who underwent a tracheostomy between 2017 and 2023 before and after the dissemination of new protocols from a new multidisciplinary tracheostomy care initiative in 2019. The calendar days between meeting SV eligibility criteria and initial trial of SV were compared. Eligibility criteria for SV was defined as any patient ≥48 hours posttracheotomy who can breathe unassisted, off mechanical ventilation, tolerate a deflated cuff, and participate in an evaluation. Interrupted time series analysis using segmented negative binomial regression assessed the change in time to SV placement before and after protocol implementation.

Results

A total of 421 patients were identified. After new protocols were disseminated, eligible patients with a SV trial increased from 75% to 95% with an increase in percentage of patients who tolerated the SV on their first attempt from 60% to 75%. Interrupted time series analysis demonstrated protocol implementation was associated with an overall 80% decrease in time to SV placement.

Discussion

Continued barriers to SV implementation such as elevated tracheal pressures due to large tracheostomy sizes, or inappropriately early consultations with patients unable to participate in SV exam, may be amenable to further institution‐level quality improvement initiatives.

Implications for Practice

A multidisciplinary initiative's dissemination of protocols with algorithms for SLP consultation and SV use can help standardize post‐operative tracheostomy care.
Exploring factors leading to job disengagement among arts therapists employed in Israel's education system
Authors: Snir Sharon , Regev Dafna , Hachohen Shir Korman , Roginsky Efrat
Published: October 2024

Arts therapy is provided in most educational settings in Israel, but post‐Covid, many arts therapists working in schools resigned or took leave, and other therapists have displayed little interest in taking their place. This study explored the experiences of therapists who left the system, with the purpose of making their voices heard and promoting policy development pertaining to the employment of arts therapists in the education system. We conducted semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 15 arts therapists who left their jobs in the school system, asking them about their initial expectations upon entering the educational system, their experiences and reactions to their work environment, and the issues prompting them to seek job opportunities elsewhere. The findings suggest that along with the need for arts therapists to be proactive and search for solutions, the Ministry of Education and Regional Support Centers need to promote flexibility in the systemic hierarchy, improve communication, and provide more supervisory evaluation and support of the system, especially during times of change and crisis. From a policy perspective, we advocate for a unique definition of arts therapists' working conditions and the provision of opportunities for career growth.
Research Progress in the Synthesis of CL‐20 and the Application of Catalysts in the Synthesis
Authors: Wang Hui , Cheng Yitong , Macheka Henrie George , An Huiyong , Xie Yuan
Published: October 2024

As the highest energy and most powerful elemental energetic compound known so far, CL‐20 has attracted much attention since its advent. With its use not solely being the production of explosives, but also has great application prospects in other fields, such as propellants and smoke agents. In this paper, the synthetic process of CL‐20 is reviewed. It is divided into two parts: the traditional synthetic method and the new synthetic method. Especially due to the improvement of traditional synthetic method. In recent years, most studies on CL‐20 focus on how to use catalysts to optimize the two processes of hydrodebenzylation of HBIW and the nitration synthesis of CL‐20 with different nitration precursors. Therefore, this review focuses on the utilization of catalysts in the synthetic process, and predicts a bright future research direction focused on CL‐20.
Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy followed by ex situ lung auto‐transplant (Oto procedure) for central lung cancer: A case report with literature review
Authors: Su Po‐Keng , Lin Chen‐Chieh , Hu Szu‐Yen , Lin Ming‐Hsien , Wu Chun‐Yu , Yang Shun‐Mao , Oto Takahiro
Published: October 2024

Sleeve and double‐sleeve lobectomies are lung‐sparing techniques for treating central lung cancers. However, if the tumour extends to involve the bronchi and vessels, lung auto‐transplantation may be an alternative to pneumonectomy. Neoadjuvant therapy after surgery is the most common strategy for patients with extensive central lung cancer. Herein, we report a case of central lung cancer in a patient who underwent immunochemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy following lung auto‐transplantation. A 68‐year‐old man with stage IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer and left upper lobe squamous cell carcinoma underwent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. Following partial regression, a multidisciplinary team decided on a back‐table procedure with auto‐lung transplantation after pneumonectomy to preserve pulmonary function. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged after three weeks with no residual tumour or lymph node metastases. Lung auto‐transplantation can be successfully performed in non‐lung transplantation centres, potentially broadening treatment options for patients with central lung cancer.
Nitrogen source regulates soil nitrification and nitrogen losses more than nitrification inhibitor and herbicide: A laboratory evaluation
Authors: Neels William , Jhala Amit , Jin Virginia , Patel Swetabh , Maharjan Bijesh , Iqbal Javed
Published: October 2024

Increased environmental nitrogen (N) losses have prompted the use of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers, including nitrification inhibitors. However, the comparative effects of nitrification inhibitors with conventional nitrogen fertilizers and herbicides on soil nitrification and nitrogen losses remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the impact of a nitrification inhibitor (Instinct NXTGEN), two nitrogen sources (broadcast urea vs. injected aqueous ammonia), and a preemergence herbicide (Acuron) on (1) soil nitrification through a 25‐day soil incubation experiment and (2) NH3 volatilization, NO3‐N leaching, and N2O‐N emissions through a 31‐day soil column study in loamy sand soil. In both experiments, treatments included combinations of nitrification inhibitor versus no inhibitor, two nitrogen sources, and preemergence herbicide versus no herbicide. Results revealed that nitrogen source significantly influenced nitrification, with injected aqueous ammonia reducing nitrification by 33% compared to surface broadcast urea. Nitrification inhibitors and herbicide had no effect on soil nitrification. Injected aqueous ammonia reduced NH3 volatilization by 87% compared to surface broadcast urea, but the effect of the nitrification inhibitor on NH3 volatilization was inconsistent across both nitrogen sources. Injected aqueous ammonia led to 39% higher cumulative nitrogen (NO3‐N + NH4‐N) leaching than urea, while the nitrification inhibitor had an inconsistent effect on NO3‐N leaching across both nitrogen sources. No significant differences in N2O‐N emissions were observed among treatments, and the herbicide had no effect on any measured parameters. These findings suggest that nitrogen source plays a more critical role in regulating soil nitrogen losses than nitrification inhibitors or herbicides.
Synthesis of Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides and Application for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Bar Amit , Sarkar Sudarshan , Kumar Sanjeev , Singh R.S. , Upadhyay Chandan
Published: October 2024

This study systematically investigates the optimization of synthesis parameters for ternary layered double hydroxide (LDH) to achieve a pure phase and high crystallinity. The , LDH is synthesized using the coprecipitation method and applied for wastewater treatment. The ternary LDH is synthesized at 60 °C for 24 h and exhibited maximum crystallinity with a crystallite size of 4 nm. The crystallinity index (CI) is a quantitative indicator of crystallinity, which is calculated using the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) method. The influence of reaction time on the structural characteristics of this LDH was thoroughly investigated, mainly focusing on achieving well‐crystalline LDH. Experimental results revealed a direct correlation between reaction time and crystallinity. This study highlights the significant influence of controlled synthesis and reaction time on producing high crystalline ternary LDH. The role of different parameters, such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and dye concentration, has been investigated. The adsorption isotherm data is analyzed using different isotherm models, which shows this material having a significant adsorption capacity of 82.92 mg/g for Congo Red dye.
Theoretical Investigation of Para‐Substituted Aniline Based Dendritic Architecture: In‐Silico ADMET, DFT, and Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Hemso B Elizabeth , Neikha Kevizali , Das Parineeta , Gupta Anshika , Puzari Amrit
Published: October 2024

Dendrimers are polymeric compounds which exhibit notable advantages, particularly in medicinal chemistry. The therapeutic potential of these molecular architectures can be screened through in silico method which facilitates the identification of the ones with the highest potential for further investigation. Here, we have reported the in silico investigation of a series of dendritic architecture based on para‐substituted aniline. Density functional theory (DFT) method was employed to optimize the structures and to analyze the quantum chemical parameters. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling was additionally assessed, which unveiled favorable drug‐like characteristics and moderate to good bioactivity across all compounds. Utilizing the drug‐likeness property in machine learning techniques, the potential for predicting novel drug‐like dendrimers was explored.
Exploring Benzo[b][1,4]Thiazine Derivatives: Multitarget Inhibition, Structure–Activity Relationship, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Analysis
Authors: Alishba  , Ali Irfan , Hameed Shehryar , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Salar Uzma , Taha Muhammad , Sadeghian Nastaran , Taslimi Parham , Tuzun Burak , Özerkan Dilşad , Dedeakayogullari Huri , Ulukaya Engin
Published: October 2024

A series of benzothiazine derivatives (1–17) were synthesized via an intermolecular cyclocondensation reaction involving 2‐aminothiophenol (i) and substituted phenacyl bromide (ii). Structural elucidation of these synthetic derivatives utilized EI–MS, HR‐EIMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized analogs were evaluated against key enzyme targets (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α‐glucosidase (α‐Glu)) and tested for cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. Six compounds were selected based on their inhibition profiles, exhibiting significant inhibitory potential against enzymes. In silico studies corroborated the observed inhibitory activities, aligning closely with experimental outcomes. Additionally, an ADME/T study provided insights into pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, identifying promising candidates for future drug development efforts.
Zeolite Crystallization Inside Chemically Recyclable Ordered Nanoporous Co3O4 Scaffold: Precise Replication and Accelerated Crystallization
Authors: Takaoka Kohei , Matsuno Takamichi , Koike Masakazu , Muramoto Naho , Wada Hiroaki , Kuroda Kazuyuki , Shimojima Atsushi
Published: October 2024

The synthesis of mesoporous zeolites has garnered attention with regard to improving their catalytic and adsorption performances. While the hard‐templating method provides opportunities to design precisely controlled hierarchical micro‐ and mesoporous structures, synthesizing mesoporous zeolites without external precipitation requires significant work. This is mainly due to the absence of usable templates other than carbon with hydrophobic surfaces. Herein, it is demonstrated that the Co3O4 template is valuable in preparing mesoporous silicalite‐1 and ZSM‐5 with a precisely controlled porous structure through hydrothermal synthesis. Unlike conventional carbon templates, the Co3O4 template is relatively hydrophilic, effective in suppressing external precipitation, and is reusable by dissolving in an acidic solution. The crystallization process also differs from that of the carbon template, as the silicate precipitates on a 3D ordered nanoporous Co3O4 scaffold, followed by crystallization and crystal growth. Furthermore, it is unexpectedly observed that the zeolite crystallization is accelerated in the Co3O4 template. The synthetic approach utilizing nanoporous metal oxides opens new doors for the control of the hierarchical structure of zeolites, as well as for the design of metal oxide–zeolite nanocomposite catalysts, due to the potential extensibility of the combination of metal oxides and zeolites.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics‐Directed Regulation of Nucleic Acid‐Based Molecular Recognition
Authors: Liu Yihao , Zhao Zihan , Zeng Yuqi , He Minze , Lyu Yifan , Yuan Quan
Published: October 2024

Nucleic acid‐based molecular recognition plays crucial roles in various fields like biosensing and disease diagnostics. To achieve optimal detection and analysis, it is essential to regulate the response performance of nucleic acid probes or switches to match specific application requirements by regulating thermodynamics and kinetics properties. However, the impacts of thermodynamics and kinetics theories on recognition performance are sometimes obscure and the relative conclusions are not intuitive. To promote the thorough understanding and rational utilization of thermodynamics and kinetics theories, this review focuses on the landmarks and recent advances of nucleic acid thermodynamics and kinetics and summarizes the nucleic acid thermodynamics and kinetics‐based strategies for regulation of nucleic acid‐based molecular recognition. This work hopes such a review can provide reference and guidance for the development and optimization of nucleic acid probes and switches in the future, as well as for advancements in other nucleic acid‐related fields.
Pressure–impulse diagrams of RC beams considering fire–blast interaction
Authors: Colombo Matteo , Martinelli Paolo
Published: October 2024

When analyzing military, defense, or structures/infrastructures deemed critical, explosion‐induced actions—often associated with malicious actions—play a significant role. The combined effect of a blast and fire is not uncommon: in fact, an explosion can be the extreme consequence of a fire or vice versa, a fire can occur as the result of an explosion. Although advanced numerical approaches can be a proper solution for analyzing critical structures and infrastructures subjected to accidental actions, their complexity makes these approaches unsuitable for the analysis of ordinary buildings or even for the preliminary design of structures. A pressure–impulse diagram is an easy and common tool that can be adopted to verify the safety of structural members for a wide range of blast scenarios even considering the damage caused by a previous fire. This study aims to compare different approaches that can be adopted for the construction of pressure–impulse diagrams of reinforced concrete structures subjected to a blast and a blast preceded by fire. Taking as a reference case a statically indeterminate beam with three supports, this work presents the influence of the methods of analysis on the safety level assessed through pressure–impulse diagrams.
Assessment of outcomes in Crohn's disease: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials to inform a multiple outcome framework
Authors: Moreira Paula Leão , Dignass Axel , Estevinho Maria Manuela , Portal Francisco , Mendes João , Santiago Mafalda , Reinisch Walter , Sands Bruce E. , D’Haens Geert , Mantzaris Gerassimos J. , Danese Silvio , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Jairath Vipul , Dotan Iris , Magro Fernando ,   International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD)
Published: October 2024

Longstanding disease control in Crohn's disease (CD) is challenging and requires understanding treatment efficacy and outcomes assessment. With multiple novel therapeutic options, rigorous evaluation of outcomes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is crucial to inform clinical practice. This study systematically reviewed RCTs focusing on CD outcomes to elucidate the breadth and depth of reported outcomes and measurement instruments. A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE and Scopus for RCTs published from 1 January 2000 to 31 January 2023. Eligible studies included full‐text articles with at least 50 adult CD patients. Primary and secondary outcomes, along with their measurement instruments, were categorized according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Filter 2.1 framework. From 88 included studies, 393 outcomes were analyzed. Clinical outcomes, such as clinical remission and response, were the most prevalent (50.6%); biomarkers (11.5%) and patient‐reported outcomes (10.2%) were also assessed. Other outcomes included disease behavior and complications (2%), endoscopy (10.4%), histology (0.5%), radiology (1.3%), healthcare utilization (3.8%), and therapy‐related safety (6.9%). Composite outcomes showed an increasing trend, reflecting a shift toward comprehensive evaluations. Coprimary endpoints, including clinical symptoms and mucosal inflammation, were reported in 21 of 88 studies. This review highlights the evolving landscape of outcome assessment in CD RCTs, emphasizing the increasing complexity of outcomes. The prominence of composite outcomes underscores efforts to capture the multidimensional nature of CD. These findings will inform the second stage of a two‐round e‐Delphi aimed at prioritizing key domains and outcomes for developing a multiple‐component outcome for RCTs in CD research.
Australian males and females have similar rates of presentation for symptomatic and advanced thyroid cancer: Retrospective analysis of the Australian New Zealand Thyroid Cancer Registry
Authors: Tong Chai Wei , Bhimani Nazim , Nickel Brooke , Serpell Jonathan , Glover Anthony
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Thyroid cancer is more commonly diagnosed in females, however recent research has challenged whether this finding is due to a true difference in biology or rates of diagnosis, with concerns that over‐diagnosis may be a factor in differences. The rates of symptomatic versus incidental diagnosis by males and females is not well known. This study used the Australian and New Zealand Thyroid Cancer Registry (ANZTCR) to explore whether symptomatic presentation varies between sexes.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective analysis on ANZTCR data between 2017 and 2022 was performed. Symptomatic cases were those with thyroid compressing symptoms, toxic goiter, Graves' disease, or abnormal laryngoscopy. Cases with asymptomatic goiter or surgeries for a thyroid nodule were classified as incidental.

Results

Among 1082 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, 32% of males and 38% of females presented with symptomatic thyroid disease (p = 0.06). A similar rate of presentation of advanced thyroid cancer (T3/4) was seen with male and female patients (n = 70, 47% vs. n = 79, 53%). Females exhibited a higher prevalence of low‐risk relapse cancers according to American Thyroid Association stratification (66.3% vs. 50.4%), whereas males exhibited a higher prevalence of high‐risk relapse cancers compared to females (27.3% vs. 15.3%, p < 0.001). Regression showed symptoms were associated with more advanced T stage (OR = 1.62, p = 0.02).

Discussion

Symptomatic presentation was similar between males and females, but symptomatic presentation was associated with larger cancers.

Conclusion

This study highlights comparable rates of symptomatic detection between males and females with DTCs and symptomatic presentations were responsible for less than 40% of presentations.
Measurable Krylov spaces and eigenenergy count in quantum state dynamics
Authors: Čindrak Saud , Paschke Adrian , Jaurigue Lina , Lüdge Kathy
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In this work, we propose a quantum-mechanically measurable basis for the computation of spread complexity. Current literature focuses on computing different powers of the Hamiltonian to construct a basis for the Krylov state space and the computation of the spread complexity. We show, through a series of proofs, that time-evolved states with different evolution times can be used to construct an equivalent space to the Krylov state space used in the computation of the spread complexity. Afterwards, we introduce the effective dimension, which is upper-bounded by the number of pairwise distinct eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian. The computation of the spread complexity requires knowledge of the Hamiltonian and a classical computation of the different powers of the Hamiltonian. The computation of large powers of the Hamiltonian becomes increasingly difficult for large systems. The first part of our work addresses these issues by defining an equivalent space, where the original basis consists of quantum-mechanically measurable states. We demonstrate that a set of different time-evolved states can be used to construct a basis. We subsequently verify the results through numerical analysis, demonstrating that every time-evolved state can be reconstructed using the defined vector space. Based on this new space, we define an upper-bounded effective dimension and analyze its influence on finite-dimensional systems. We further show that the Krylov space dimension is equal to the number of pairwise distinct eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian, enabling a method to determine the number of eigenenergies the system has experimentally. Lastly, we compute the spread complexities of both basis representations and observe almost identical behavior, thus enabling the computation of spread complexities through measurements.
Warped CFT duals of the Plebański-Demiański family of solutions
Authors: Jiang Xuhao , Xu Jianfei
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze the symmetry properties of the complete family of type D spacetimes generalized form the Plebański-Demiański solution in four dimensions holographically in terms of a warped CFT. The generalized Plebański-Demiański solutions are black hole-like spacetimes characterized by seven physical parameters. Most of the black holes in four dimensions are included within this family. Generically consider a solution with horizon in this family, we figure out the possible warped conformal symmetry attached to the horizon. The horizon can be either extremal or non-extremal. In the extremal case, the near horizon region can be mapped to an infinite spacetime with geometry given by a warped and twist product of AdS2 and S2. The new boundary conditions for AdS2 as well as their higher dimensional uplifts are applied here to manifest the asymptotic symmetry as the warped conformal symmetry. In the non-extremal case, the global warped conformal symmetry is singled out by analyzing the scalar wave equation with constant frequency. The local warped conformal symmetries are represented by the charge algebra associated to the vector fields which preserve the scalar wave equation as well as its frequency. In defining the variation of the covariant charges, a proper counterterm is introduced for consistency conditions which is supposed to be suitable for all the solutions within the family. As a consistency check, the horizon entropy is reproduced by the entropy formula of the warped CFT by using its modular covariance and the central terms derived in the bulk spacetimes.
Interplay between vector-like lepton and seesaw mechanism: oblique corrections
Authors: Han Shuyang , Kang Zhaofeng , Zhu Jiang
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The non-vanishing neutrino mass strongly hints the existence of right-handed neutrinos (RHNs), singlets of the standard model (SM). However, they are highly decoupled from the SM and difficult to probe. In this work, we consider the Majorana RHNs from the type-I seesaw mechanism may well mix with the heavy neutral lepton dwelling in certain vector-like lepton (VLL), thus acquiring a sizable electroweak charge. Such a simple scenario yields many interesting consequences, and the imprint on oblique corrections, well expected from the mass splitting between components of VLL by virtue of VLL-RHN mixing, is our focus here. We analytically calculate the Peskin-Takeuchi parameters S, T and U with full details, carefully treating the Majorana loop to obtain the self consistent expressions free of divergence. Then, we constrain on the VLL-RHN system which only gives a sizable T parameter using the PDG-2021 data and CDF-II data, separately, by imposing T ≲ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(0.1). It is found that for the RHN and VLL below the TeV scale, with a properly large mixing, stands in the frontier of the electroweak precision test such as W-boson mass.
Searching accretion-enhanced dark matter annihilation signals in the Galactic Centre
Authors: Yang Meiwen , Guo Zhi-Qi , Luo Xiao-Yi , Shen Zhao-Qiang , Xia Zi-Qing , Lu Chih-Ting , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming , Fan Yi-Zhong
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study reanalyzes the detection prospects of dark matter (DM) annihilation signals in the Galactic Center, focusing on velocity-dependent dynamics within a spike density near the supermassive black hole (Sgr A⋆). We investigate three annihilation processes — p-wave, resonance, and forbidden annihilation — under semi-relativistic velocities, leveraging gamma-ray data from Fermi and DAMPE telescopes. Our analysis integrates a fermionic DM model with an electroweak axion-like particle (ALP) portal, exploring annihilation into two or four photons. Employing a comprehensive six-dimensional integration, we precisely calculate DM-induced gamma-ray fluxes near Sgr A⋆, incorporating velocity and positional dependencies in the annihilation cross-section and photon yield spectra. Our findings highlight scenarios of resonance and forbidden annihilation, where the larger ALP-DM-DM coupling constant Caχχ can affect spike density, potentially yielding detectable gamma-ray line spectra within Fermi and DAMPE energy resolution. We set upper limits for Caχχ across these scenarios, offering insights into the detectability and spectral characteristics of DM annihilation signals from the Galactic Center.
Fully stabilized Minkowski vacua in the 26 Landau-Ginzburg model
Authors: Rajaguru Muthusamy , Sengupta Anindya , Wrase Timm
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We study moduli stabilization via fluxes in the 26 Landau-Ginzburg model. Fluxes not only give masses to scalar fields but can also induce higher order couplings that stabilize massless fields. We investigate this for several different flux choices in the 26 model and find two examples that are inconsistent with the Refined Tadpole Conjecture. We also present, to our knowledge, the first 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Minkowski solution in string theory without any flat direction.
Majorana phases beyond neutrinoless double beta decay
Authors: Dery Avital , Gori Stefania , Grossman Yuval , Ligeti Zoltan
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The νM SM is defined as the SM extended to include dimension-5 operators. In this model neutrino masses violate lepton number, and two parameters of the lepton mixing matrix, the Majorana phases, are yet to be constrained. One combination of these phases and the neutrino masses, often denoted by mee, is probed by neutrinoless double beta decays (0νββ). We explore what information may be obtained beyond 0νββ, and how it depends on the lightest neutrino mass. We point out that with current central values of the mixing parameters, ∆Le = 2 and ∆Le = ∆Lμ = 1 (or ∆Le = 2 and ∆Lμ = 2) processes cannot simultaneously vanish, providing a no-lose theorem, in principle, for excluding the νM SM, even in the case of normal mass ordering.
On soft factors and transmutation operators
Authors: Wei Fang-Stars , Zhou Kang
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The well known soft theorems state the specific factorizations of tree level gravitational (GR) amplitudes at leading, sub-leading and sub-sub-leading orders, with universal soft factors. For Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes, similar factorizations and universal soft factors are found at leading and sub-leading orders. Then it is natural to ask if the similar factorizations and soft factors exist at higher orders. In this note, by using transformation operators proposed by Cheung, Shen and Wen, we reconstruct the known soft factors of YM and GR amplitudes, and prove the nonexistence of higher order soft factor of YM or GR amplitude which satisfies the universality.
Tracheotomie
Authors: Oppert Michael , Jungehülsing Markus , Nibbe Lutz
Published: October 2024

Die Tracheotomie wird bereits seit langer Zeit außerhalb der Intensivmedizin durchgeführt. In der modernen Medizin hat sie einen festen Platz in der Therapie von Intensiv- und Notfallpatienten, aber auch in der Tumorchirurgie des Kopfs und des Halses, der Versorgung langzeitbeatmeter Patienten, bei Patienten mit Schluckstörungen und neurologischen Erkrankungen. Entsprechend den unterschiedlichen Erkrankungen sind Indikation, Durchführungstechnik und Versorgung mit Kanülen sowie die Langzeitbetreuung sehr unterschiedlich; dieser Artikel bietet eine Übersicht über die unterschiedlichen Indikationen und Operationstechniken und diskutiert den optimalen Zeitpunkt einer Tracheotomie in der modernen Intensivmedizin.
Democratization and generative AI image creation: aesthetics, citizenship, and practices
Authors: Bak Herrie Maja , Maleve Nicolas René , Philipsen Lotte , Staunæs Asker Bryld
Published: October 2024

The article critically analyzes how contemporary image practices involving generative artificial intelligence are entangled with processes of democratization. We demonstrate and discuss how generative artificial intelligence images raise questions of democratization and citizenship in terms of access, skills, validation, truths, and diversity. First, the article establishes a theoretical framework, which includes theory on democratization and aesthetics and lays the foundations for the analytical concepts of ‘formative’ and ‘generative’ visual citizenship. Next, we argue for the use of explorative and collaborative methods to investigate contemporary image practice, before analyzing the central part of our investigation, which takes the form of four collaborative workshops conducted in 2023 with external partners in different domains (the art scene, art therapy, education, and the news media). After analyzing insights from these workshops, the article significantly nuances how visual citizenship is at work in different manners depending on the different concrete image practices using generative artificial intelligence. Finally, we conclude that an aesthetic perspective offers valuable insights into foundational aspects of belonging to contemporary visual communities.
Continuous wave laser ablation for tailored titanium nanoparticle synthesis: temperature and liquid medium effects
Authors: Ali Mubasher , Su Zhou , Tan Yuanfu , Lin Feng , Liao Wei-Hsin , Wong Hay
Published: October 2024

We reported for the first time the generation of titanium (Ti) nanoparticles (NPs) in different liquids (deionized (DI) water and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution) and at a range of temperatures (5 °C, 28 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C) using continuous-wave high-power laser ablation in liquid (CWLAL). The CWLAL technique is a convenient and cost-effective way to generate NPs. The key outcomes of our investigation are the effects of temperature and the liquid mediums on the average size, generation rate, shape, surface charges, and crystallographic structure of the NPs. Generated NPs show consistent spherical shape regardless of liquid medium changes and temperature variation. SDS solution notably impacts NP size and generation rate with higher surface charges than DI water. For instance, at temperatures of 28 °C and 80 °C, the generation rates in SDS solution are 316 mg/hr and 309 mg/hr, with average NP sizes of 33 nm and 34 nm, respectively. In contrast, the generation rates in DI water are 96 mg/hr and 302 mg/hr, with NP sizes of 13 nm and 20 nm, respectively. The weaker crystallographic structure observed in NPs generated in SDS solution, compared to the more robust crystallographic structure of NPs synthesized in DI water. Liquid temperature plays a significant role in determining surface charges, average particle size, and molecular structure of NPs. The choice of the liquid medium and temperature can be critical for tailoring NP characteristics to specific applications. Ongoing work is being conducted to explore the possibilities of further progress in this area to generate efficient and customized NPs.