bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revolución en El Salvador. Orígenes y evolución ; Acción e ideología. Psicología social desde Centroamérica ; Introducción a la teología ; La violencia totalitaria. Ensayo de antropología política
Authors: S. M.  , C. A.
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 38, No. 419, 1983: 802-807.
La guerra centroamericana: una guía de la ayuda militar de Estados Unidos
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 38, No. 419, 1983: 808-817.
Diálogo de sordos
Authors: W. Z.
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 38, No. 420, 1983: 881-883.
La larga guerra. Dictadura y revolución en El Salvador ; El misterio de la Eucaristía ; Iniciación teológica para seglares
Authors: R. C.  , J. M. G.
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 38, No. 420, 1983: 901-902.
Xác định một số căn nguyên vi rút gây hội chứng sốt phát ban tại tỉnh Bắc Giang, 2013 – 2019
Authors: Duyên Nguyễn Thị Mai , Vân Triệu Thị Thanh , Hiển Dương Thị , Minh Đặng Thanh , Nhàn Đoàn Thị Thanh , Loan Đỗ Phương
Published: October 2024

Hội chứng sốt phát ban (HCSPB) là một trong những hội chứng hay gặp nhất tại các cơ sở y tế và căn nguyên gây HCSPB phổ biến nhất là do vi rút. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định một số căn nguyên vi rút gây HCSPB nghi sởi/rubella tại tỉnh Bắc Giang, giai đoạn 2013 - 2019 bằng kỹ thuật ELISA để phát hiện kháng thể IgM đặc hiệu kháng vi rút sởi, rubella, adeno, đường ruột và ParvoB19; kỹ thuật PCR/ Realtime PCR, RT-PCR/Realtime RT-PCR phát hiện vật liệu di truyền của vi rút sởi, rubella, adeno, đường ruột, ParvoB19, Herpes 6/7. Kết quả cho thấy, tỷ lệ mắc HCSPB trung bình giai đoạn 2013 - 2019 ở Bắc Giang là 4,75/100.000 dân. Có 73,69% ca HCSPB xác định được ít nhất một trong 7 tác nhân vi rút: Vi rút sởi, rubella, Parvo B19, vi rút đường ruột, HHV-6/7 (human herpesvirus 6/7) và vi rút adeno. Ba tác nhân vi rút phổ biến nhất là vi rút sởi (47,03%); vi rút đường ruột là 13,33%; vi rút Parvo B19 là 9,37%. Tỷ lệ đồng nhiễm 2 vi rút là 10,5% trong số các ca phát hiện được căn nguyên. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã phát hiện một số căn nguyên vi rút phổ biến gây HCSPB nghi sởi/rubella, từ đó, giúp các nhà quản lý có thể đưa ra các biện pháp phòng và điều trị bệnh hiệu quả, phù hợp với tình hình thực tế của địa phương.
Mối liên quan giữa kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành và bệnh nhiễm ấu trùng giun đũa chó mèo ở người Khmer trưởng thành tại tỉnh Trà Vinh năm 2023
Authors: Phú Tào Gia , Hưng Tào Gia , Trầm Tạ Văn , Hiển Nguyễn Trần
Published: October 2024

Nghiên cứu cắt ngang được thực hiện trên tổng số 760 người dân, sử dụng phương pháp chọn mẫu xác suất tỉ lệ kích thước, với 30 cụm là các xã của tỉnh Trà Vinh, dùng bộ câu hỏi để phỏng vấn và xét nghiệm máu, nhằm mô tả mối liên quan giữa kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành và bệnh nhiễm ấu trùng giun đũa chó/mèo (ATGĐCM) trên người Khmer trưởng thành năm 2023. Kết quả cho thấy kiến thức và thực hành chung về nhiễm ATGĐCM ở mức tốt lần lượt là 25,66% và 9,61%, thái độ về phòng nhiễm ở mức tích cực là 69,87%. Các yếu tố về kiến thức giúp giảm nhiễm, bao gồm: Biết bệnh có thể trị khỏi; biết bệnh có thể tái nhiễm; biết về các hành vi nguy cơ; biết về các thực hành phòng bệnh, chưa ghi nhận mối liên quan giữa thái độ của người dân với tỉ lệ bệnh. Các yếu tố về thực hành làm tăng nhiễm, bao gồm: Ít thực hiện rửa rau/trái cây trước khi ăn sống; không thường xuyên rửa tay sau khi tiếp xúc với đất/trước khi ăn; xử lí phân chó/mèo không đúng cách. Cần tiếp tục tăng cường các biện pháp giáo dục sức khỏe nâng cao kiến thức và thực hành về phòng nhiễm ATGĐCM cho cộng đồng người Khmer tại tỉnh Trà Vinh.
Một số đặc điểm dịch tễ học, lâm sàng các trường hợp tử vong do bệnh tay chân miệng tại tỉnh An Giang năm 2023
Authors: Nhân Trần Võ Huỳnh Nghĩa , Hiền Trần Quang , Vy Từ Lan , Hồ Lê Long
Published: October 2024

Bệnh tay chân miệng chủ yếu do vi rút Coxsackievirus gây ra, biểu hiện các triệu chứng như sốt, phát ban và loét miệng. Bệnh chủ yếu ảnh hưởng đến trẻ nhỏ và lây lan nhanh chóng trong cộng đồng. Nghiên cứu thực hiện phân tích tình hình dịch tễ học của bệnh tay chân miệng, mô tả biểu hiện lâm sàng các trường hợp tử vong tại An Giang. Nghiên cứu mô tả toàn bộ tổng số ca bệnh và các trường hợp tử vong do tay chân miệng. Kết quả cho thấy thời gian đỉnh dịch năm 2023 từ tháng 08/2023 đến tháng 11/2023, các trường hợp tử vong cũng tương tự thời gian đỉnh dịch; tỷ suất mắc bệnh là 433/100.000 người; tỷ lệ chết/ mắc 0,084%; 5/7 ca tử vong xác định dương tính với EV71; trẻ tử vong ở khoảng 31 tháng tuổi; 74,1% trẻ tử vong do phát hiện muộn và chậm trễ trong việc chuyển đến cơ sở y tế. Để bảo vệ sức khỏe cộng đồng, người chăm sóc trẻ cần theo dõi kỹ lưỡng các triệu chứng bệnh và khi phát hiện dấu hiệu nghi ngờ, cần đưa trẻ đến cơ sở y tế để được tư vấn và điều trị kịp thời.
The Inhibitory Effect of Pomegranate Peel and Mint Ethanolic Extracts and the Synergy Between Their Active Components on Escherichia Coli and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Duaa Kamel Al-Moussawi
Published: October 2024

Many people rely on medicinal plants to treat illnesses, enhance health, and support a variety of sectors like food and pharmaceuticals. As a result, they are an ancient source of therapy and healthcare. This is as a result of their potent chemicals. This study examined the inhibitory impact of various doses of pomegranate and mint plant alcoholic extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, two types of bacterial pathogens that cause urinary tract infections. The studied extracts elicited different responses from the bacteria. The bacteria that responded to the pomegranate peel alcoholic extract the most was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, then Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was significantly impacted by the pomegranate peel extract, but less so by the mint extract. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth was less affected by the alcoholic extract of mint than Escherichia coli. The combined inhibitory impact of both extracts, at varying doses, was shown to be more effective against Escherichia coli than it was against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Characterization of hydrometeorological events and flood impacts in the Basque Country
Authors: Gaztelumendi Santiago , Egaña Joseba , Otxoa de Alda Kepa
Published: October 2024

Abstract. In this study, the focus is on the characterization of floods in Basque Autonomous Community, considering damages, hydrometeorological aspects and others factors during the period 2000–2021. The ultimate goal is to contribute to understanding the processes of impact, enhancing awareness, and improving preparedness before flood events. To assess flood impact, damage data from the Spanish Insurance Compensation Consortium areexposureccccccc used as a proxy. For hydro-meteorological characterization and weather context, we use data from the Automatic Weather Station Network and various Euskalmet general and local ad-hoc weather context classifications. Different datasets are conveniently prepared to extract a range of indicators, taking into account: (1) physiographic and socio-economic factors, (2) damages and impact, (3) hydrometeorological aspects, and (4) weather context. Visual data analytics techniques are utilized for analysis, characterization, and presentation of findings. We integrate indicators with diverse temporal resolutions (daily and monthly) and spatial aggregations (primary watersheds and selected hydrological units) to facilitate discussions and derive conclusions. This work establishes a foundation for a semi-automatic procedure for data preparation, indicator extraction, analysis, and results presentation. Although it is a strategy specifically designed for its application in our context, we believe it can serve as inspiration for conducting similar free software based exercises in other parts of the world.
Hydrological cycle amplification imposes spatial patterns on the climate change response of ocean pH and carbonate chemistry
Authors: Hogikyan Allison , Resplandy Laure
Published: October 2024

Abstract. ​​​​​​​Ocean CO2 uptake and acidification in response to human activities are driven primarily by the rise in atmospheric CO2 but are also modulated by climate change. Existing work suggests that this “climate effect” influences the uptake and storage of anthropogenic carbon and acidification via the global increase in ocean temperature, although some regional responses have been attributed to changes in circulation or biological activity. Here, we investigate spatial patterns in the climate effect on surface ocean acidification (and the closely related carbonate chemistry) in an Earth system model under a rapid CO2-increase scenario and identify a different driving process. We show that the amplification of the hydrological cycle, a robustly simulated feature of climate change, is largely responsible for the spatial patterns in this climate effect at the sea surface. This “hydrological effect” can be understood as a subset of the total climate effect, which includes warming, hydrological cycle amplification, circulation, and biological changes. We demonstrate that it acts through two primary mechanisms: (i) directly diluting or concentrating dissolved ions by adding or removing freshwater and (ii) altering the sea surface temperature, which influences the solubility of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and acidity of seawater. The hydrological effect opposes acidification in salinifying regions, most notably the subtropical Atlantic, and enhances acidification in freshening regions such as the western Pacific. Its single strongest effect is to dilute the negative ions that buffer the dissolution of CO2, quantified as alkalinity. The local changes in alkalinity, DIC, and pH linked to the pattern of hydrological cycle amplification are as strong as the (largely uniform) changes due to warming, explaining the weak increase in pH and DIC seen in the climate effect in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean.
ROMSOC: A regional atmosphere-ocean coupled model for CPU-GPU hybrid system architectures
Authors: Eirund Gesa K. , Leclair Matthieu , Muennich Matthias , Gruber Nicolas
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Recent years have seen significant efforts to refine the horizontal resolutions of global and regional climate models to the kilometer scale. This refinement aims to better resolve atmospheric and oceanic mesoscale processes, thereby improving the fidelity of simulations. However, these high-resolution simulations are computationally demanding, often necessitating trade-offs between resolution and simulated timescale. A key challenge is that many existing models are designed to run on central processing units (CPUs) alone, limiting their ability to leverage the full computational power of modern supercomputers, which feature hybrid architectures with both CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs). In this study, we introduce ROMSOC, a newly developed regional coupled atmosphere-ocean model. ROMSOC integrates the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) in its original CPU-based configuration with the Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling (COSMO) model (v5.12), which can utilize GPU accelerators on heterogeneous system architectures. This combination efficiently exploits the hybrid CPU-GPU architecture of the Piz Daint supercomputer at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS), achieving a speed-up of up to six times compared to a CPU-only version with the same number of nodes. We evaluated the model using a configuration focused on the northeast Pacific, where ROMS covers the entire Pacific Ocean with a telescopic grid, providing full ocean mesoscale-resolving refinement in the California Current System (CalCS; 4 km resolution). Meanwhile, COSMO covers most of the northeast Pacific at a 7 km resolution. This configuration was run in hindcast mode for the years 2010–2021, examining the roles of different modes of air-sea coupling at the mesoscale, including thermodynamical coupling (associated with heat fluxes) and mechanical coupling (associated with wind stress and surface ocean currents). Our evaluation indicates that the hindcast generally agrees well with observations and reanalyses. Notably, large-scale sea surface temperature (SST) patterns and coastal upwelling are well-represented, but SSTs show a small cold bias, resulting from too-strong wind forcing. Additionally, the coupled model exhibits a deeper and more realistic simulation of the ocean mixed-layer depth with a more pronounced seasonal cycle, driven by the enhanced wind-driven mixing. On the other hand, our ROMSOC simulations reveal a negative cloud cover bias off the coast of southern California, a common issue in climate models.
Assessment of Sentinel-3 Altimeter Performance over Antarctica using High Resolution Digital Elevation Models
Authors: Phillips Joe , McMillan Malcolm
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Since 2016, the Sentinel-3 satellites have provided a continuous record of ice sheet elevation and elevation change. Given the unique, operational nature of the mission, and the planned launch of two additional satellites before the end of this decade, it is important to determine the performance of the altimeter across a range of ice sheet topographic surfaces. Whilst previous studies have assessed elevation accuracy, more detailed investigations of the underlying instrument and processor performance are lacking. This study therefore examines the performance of the Sentinel-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) altimeter over the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS), utilising new detailed topographic information from the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA). Applying Singular Value Decomposition to REMA, we firstly develop new self-consistent Antarctic surface slope and roughness datasets. We then use these datasets to assess altimeter performance across different topographic regimes, targeting a number of key steps in the altimeter processing chain. We also evaluate the impact of topography upon waveform decorrelation. We find that, for 90 % of acquisitions, the point of closest approach to the satellite is successfully captured within the Level-1b range window. However, performance degrades with increasing topographic complexity, and this also affects the capacity to record all backscattered energy from within the beam footprint. We find that 24 % of the ice sheet exhibits greater topographic variance within the footprint than can be captured by the range window, and that the window placement captures a median of 90 % of the total possible topography that could be recorded. These findings provide a better understanding of the performance of the Sentinel-3 altimeters over ice sheets, and can guide the design and optimisation of future satellite missions such as the Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL).
A Better Understanding of an Extremely High Ozone Episode with Ensemble Simulation
Authors: Gao Jinhui , Xiao Hui
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Severe ozone pollutions may occur in the Great Bay Area (GBA) when typhoons approach South China. However, numerical models often fail to capture the high ozone concentrations during the episodes, leading to uncertainties in understanding their formation mechanisms. This study conducted an ensemble simulation with 30 members (EMs) using the WRF-Chem model, coupled with a self-developed ozone source apportionment method, to analyze an extremely high ozone episode associated with Typhoon NIDA in the summer of 2016. The newly proposed index effectively distinguished between well-performing (good) and poorly performing (bad) EMs. Compared to the bad EMs, the good EMs accurately reproduced surface ozone variations, particularly capturing the extremely high concentrations observed in the afternoon of July 31. The formation of such high ozone levels was attributed to the retention of ozone in the residual layer at night and the enhanced photochemistry during daytime. As Typhoon NIDA approached, weak winds confined large amounts of ozone in the residual layer at night. The development of planetary boundary layer (PBL) facilitated the downward transport of ozone aloft, contributing to the rapid increase in surface ozone in the following morning. The enhanced photochemistry was primarily driven by increased ozone precursors resulting from favorable accumulation conditions and enhanced biogenic emissions. During the period of high ozone concentrations, contributions from local and surrounding regions increased. Additionally, ozone from southeastern Asia could transport to the GBA at high altitudes and then contribute to surface ozone when the PBL developed.
Subtropical gyre persistence in the Gulf of Cadiz, southern Iberian margin, interrupted by extremely cold surface water incursions during the Early – Middle Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Mega Aline Martins , Rodrigues Teresa , Salgueiro Emilia , Padilha Maria , Kuhnert Henning , Voelker Antje H. L.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Besides the shift in dominant orbital cyclicity, the mid-Pleistocene Transition or Early-Middle Pleistocene Transition (EMPT) was characterized by a change in the deep thermohaline circulation. Those changes contributed to more intense and longer-lasting glacial periods and cooler sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Within the Atlantic Ocean, the Iberian margin is considered a key location to study climatic variations influenced by both high- and low-latitude processes. In this study we focus on IODP Site U1387 on the southern Portuguese margin to reconstruct surface water circulation and related plankton foraminifera ecosystem changes during the interval of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 28 to MIS 18 (1006–750 ka). Our planktonic foraminifera assemblages and SST reconstructions (foraminifera assemblages and UK'37 alkenone index) demonstrate warm, stable SST conditions during much of the interval due to persistent influence of subtropical gyre waters as indicated by the tropical-subtropical and Azores Current related foraminifera species and the periods with dominant sinistral coiling direction of the species Globorotalia truncatulinoides. Maximum interglacial SSTs were up to 2 °C warmer than at present in both summer and winter, with the exception of interglacial MIS 23 with SSTs ~1.5 °C colder than in the other interglacials. Subsequent the respective glacial inception, the relative warm conditions were periodically interrupted by millennial-scale extreme cold events when polar species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma became abundant (>30 %) and the SSTs, reconstructed from the foraminifera assemblage data, dropped below 10 °C in summer and 5 °C in winter. The most pronounced event, considering the amplitude of cooling and duration, occurred between 870 to 864 ka, marking the terminal stadial event of the MIS 22/MIS 21 transition (Termination X). Extreme cold events, always associated with the incursion of subpolar waters into the Gulf of Cadiz, mark all the terminal stadial events from Terminations XII to IX and the millennial-scale variability during the transitions to full glacial conditions, although the duration of the cooling varied greatly. The extreme cooling was only possible through migration of the subarctic front into the lower mid-latitudes as a consequence of an extreme reduction in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. The amplitude of cooling, duration, and frequency of subpolar water incursions during MIS 24 to MIS 22 stands out, providing further evidence for the "900 ka event" being a key feature of the EMPT.
Measurement report: Greenhouse gas profiles and age of air from the 2021 HEMERA-TWIN balloon launch
Authors: Schuck Tanja J. , Degen Johannes , Keber Timo , Meixner Katharina , Wagenhäuser Thomas , Ghysels Mélanie , Durry Georges , Amarouche Nadir , Zanchetta Alessandro , van Heuven Steven , Chen Huilin , Laube Johannes C. , Baartman Sophie , van der Veen Carina , Popa Maria Elena , Engel Andreas
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Within the HEMERA balloon infrastructure project, a stratospheric balloon carrying a multi-instrument payload to a maximum altitude of 31.2 km was launched on 12th August 2021. Aboard the openly constructed TWIN gondola, several types of instruments were used for simultaneous air sampling and in-flight measurements to characterize climate relevant trace gases in the stratosphere and in the troposphere, and to compare and evaluate different instrumental approaches and sampling techniques. For observations of the main greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), sampling with AirCores, flask sampling and in-flight spectrometry were deployed. Overall, results from different methods agree well. While better precision is achieved for the post-flight measurements of AirCores and flask sampling, in-situ spectrometry provides a higher degree of detail on the vertical structure of the CH4 profile. Age of air was derived from mixing ratios of CO2 and SF6. As seen in previous studies, higher values were obtained from SF6 than from CO2. Correcting for chemical losses, maximum values of 4.4–5.1 years were derived from SF6 mixing ratios at altitudes above 20 km compared to 4.2–5.0 years from CO2 mixing ratios. The resulting dataset should be well suited for multi-tracer approaches to derive age of air, in particular in combination with a large suite of halocarbons measured from flask samples and one more AirCore which are reported by a companion publication.
Learning from conceptual models – a study of the emergence of cooperation towards resource protection in a social–ecological system
Authors: Harati-Asl Saeed , Perez Liliana , Molowny-Horas Roberto
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Engaging ecological resource users in intervention to protect resources is challenging for governments due to the self-interest of users and uncertainty about intervention consequences. Focusing on a case of forest insect infestations, we addressed questions of resource protection and environmentally responsible behavior promotion with a conceptual model. We coupled a forest infestation model with a social model in which a governing agent applies a mechanism for the recognition and promotion of environmentally responsible behavior among several user agents. We ran the coupled model in various scenarios with a reinforcement-learning algorithm for the governing agent as well as best-case, worst-case, and random baselines. Results showed that a proper recognition policy facilitates emergence of environmentally responsible behavior. However, ecosystem health may deteriorate due to temporal differences between the social and ecological systems. Our work shows it is possible to gain insight about complexities of social–ecological systems with conceptual models through scenario analysis.
Impact of ocean vertical-mixing parameterization on Arctic sea ice and upper-ocean properties using the NEMO-SI3 model
Authors: Allende Sofia , Treguier Anne Marie , Lique Camille , de Boyer Montégut Clément , Massonnet François , Fichefet Thierry , Barthélemy Antoine
Published: October 2024

Abstract. We evaluate the vertical turbulent-kinetic-energy (TKE) mixing scheme of the NEMO-SI3 ocean–sea-ice model in sea-ice-covered regions of the Arctic Ocean. Specifically, we assess the parameters involved in TKE mixed-layer-penetration (MLP) parameterization. This ad hoc parameterization aims to capture processes that impact the ocean surface boundary layer, such as near-inertial oscillations, ocean swells, and waves, which are often not well represented in the default TKE scheme. We evaluate this parameterization for the first time in three regions of the Arctic Ocean: the Makarov, Eurasian, and Canada basins. We demonstrate the strong effect of the scaling parameter that accounts for the presence of sea ice. Our results confirm that TKE MLP must be scaled down below sea ice to avoid unrealistically deep mixed layers. The other parameters evaluated are the percentage of energy penetrating below the mixed layer and the length scale of its decay with depth. All these parameters affect mixed-layer depth and its seasonal cycle, surface temperature, and salinity, as well as underlying stratification. Shallow mixed layers are associated with stronger stratification and fresh surface anomalies, and deeper mixed layers correspond to weaker stratification and salty surface anomalies. Notably, we observe significant impacts on sea-ice thickness across the Arctic Ocean in two scenarios: when the scaling parameter due to sea ice is absent and when the TKE mixed-layer-penetration process vanishes. In the former case, we observe an increase of several meters in mixed-layer depth, along with a reduction in sea-ice thickness ranging from 30 to 40 cm, reflecting the impact of stronger mixing. Conversely, in the latter case, we notice that a shallower mixed layer is accompanied by a moderate increase in sea-ice thickness, ranging from 10 to 20 cm, as expected from weaker mixing. Additionally, interannual variability suggests that experiments incorporating a scaling parameter based on sea-ice concentration display an increased mixed-layer depth during periods of reduced sea ice, which is consistent with observed trends. These findings underscore the influence of enhanced ocean mixing, through specific parameterizations, on the physical properties of the upper ocean and sea ice.
How can observational data be used to improve the modeling of human-managed reservoirs in large-scale hydrological models?
Authors: Hosseini-Moghari Seyed-Mohammad , Döll Petra
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Human-managed reservoirs alter water flows and storage, impacting the hydrological cycle. However, modeling reservoir outflow and storage is challenging because it depends on human decisions, and there is often limited access to data on inflows, outflows, storage, or operational rules. Consequently, large-scale hydrological models either exclude reservoir operations or use calibration-free algorithms for modeling reservoir dynamics. Nowadays, remotely-sensed information on reservoir storage anomalies is a potential source for calibrating reservoir operation algorithms. However, it is not yet clear what impact calibration against storage anomalies has on simulated reservoir outflow and absolute storage. In this study, we introduce two reservoir operation algorithms that require calibration: the Scaling Algorithm (SA) and the Weighting Algorithm (WA). These algorithms were implemented in the global hydrological model WaterGAP and compared with the widely used Hanasaki algorithm with both default (DH) and calibrated (CH) parameter values. We calibrated all three algorithms against outflow, storage, storage anomalies, and estimated storage (based on storage changes and reservoir capacity) observed for 100 reservoirs in the USA to understand the information content of the observation variables. As expected, calibration against all three types of storage-related variables improved the storage simulation. Storage simulation using DH resulted in only 16 (15) skillful simulations (where the Kling–Gupta Efficiency with a trend component > -0.73) out of 100 reservoirs. In contrast, calibration against storage anomalies resulted in 64 (39), 68 (45), and 66 (45) skillful storage simulations for CH, SA, and WA, respectively, during the calibration (validation) period. However, calibration against storage-related variables barely improved the performance of the outflow simulation, which strongly depends on the accuracy of the simulated inflow. In fact, using observed inflow instead of simulated inflow has a more significant effect on improving outflow simulation than calibration, whereas the opposite is true for storage simulation. We found that the default parameters of the Hanasaki algorithm rarely matched the calibrated parameters, highlighting the benefit of calibration. Moreover, taking into downstream water demand in the reservoir operation algorithm does not necessarily improve modeling performance due to high uncertainty in demand estimation. Overall, the SA algorithm outperforms the other algorithms. Therefore, to improve the modeling of reservoir storage and outflow, we recommend calibrating the SA reservoir operation algorithm against remote sensing-based storage anomalies and improving reservoir inflow simulation.
InSAR-informed in situ monitoring for deep-seated landslides: insights from El Forn (Andorra)
Authors: Lau Rachael , Seguí Carolina , Waterman Tyler , Chaney Nathaniel , Veveakis Manolis
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Monitoring deep-seated landslides via borehole instrumentation can be an expensive and labor-intensive task. This work focuses on assessing the fidelity of interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) as it relates to sub-surface ground motion monitoring, as well as understanding uncertainty in modeling active landslide displacement for the case study of the in situ monitored deep-seated El Forn landslide in Canillo, Andorra. We used the available Sentinel-1 data to create a velocity map from deformation time series from 2019–2021. We investigated the performance of InSAR data from the recently launched European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) platform and the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) On Demand InSAR processing tools in a time series comparison of displacement in the direction of landslide motion with in situ borehole-based measurements from 2019–2021, suggesting that ground motion detected through InSAR can be used in tandem with field monitoring to provide optimal information with minimum in situ deployment. While identification of active landslides may be possible via the use of the high-accuracy data processed through the EGMS platform, the intent and purpose of this work are the assessment of InSAR as a monitoring tool. Based on that, geospatial interpolation with statistical analysis was conducted to better understand the necessary number of in situ observations needed to lower error in a remote sensing re-creation of ground motion over the entirety of a landslide, suggesting between 20–25 total observations provide the optimal normalized root mean square error for an ordinarily kriged model of the El Forn landslide surface.
Искушение насилием
Authors: Финогентов Валерий Николаевич
Published: October 2024

В данной работе обсуждается один аспект феномена насилия: тенденция к проникновению насилия во все сферы жизни человека и общества. При этом насилие понимается в качестве одного из основных социальных регуляторов. Роль других основных социальных регуляторов играют традиции, рынок и нравственно-правовой разум. Анализ взаимоотношения насилия и других социальных регуляторов показал, что абсолютизация и универсализация роли насилия происходит тогда, когда по тем или иным причинам имеет место ослабление или даже разрушение иных основных социальных регуляторов. Видимость легкости и эффективности универсальной применимости насилия являются основаниями явления, которое мы называем «искушение насилием». Доказано, что абсолютизация и универсализация роли насилия в общественной жизни неминуемо ведет к установлению тоталитарного контроля над обществом, огрублению и примитивизации жизни соответствующего сообщества. Выдвинуто и обосновано предположение, согласно которому такого рода процессы имели место в нашей стране в период Гражданской войны и политики военного коммунизма.
Современный экстремизм: кто виноват и что делать? Рецензия на монографию А.В. Римского «Человек в практиках экстремизма (философско-культурологическая интерпретация)»
Authors: Шестаков Юрий Александрович , Руденко Андрей Михайлович
Published: October 2024

Монография А.В. Римского, философа культуры и правоведа, подводит итоги его почти 20-летней творческой работы по противодействию экстремизму. По мнению рецензентов, в монографии во всей полноте и с безупречной логикой раскрыта идея о том, что проблема экстремизма тесно связана с цивилизационным и культурным противоборством России и Запада, экстремизм продуцируется модерном как феноменом культуры, порожденным Западом в качестве цивилизационного типа, парадоксально способствуя этим элиминации культуры как таковой. Автором монографии дано исчерпывающее обоснование необходимости бескомпромиссного противодействия «рукотворной мифологизации» в сфере массовых коммуникаций на государственном уровне.
Rescue Archaeological Investigations at the Cucuteni Site Glinjeni X – La Bot (Fălești District)
Authors: Popovici Sergiu , Vornic Vlad , Bicbaev Veaceslav
Published: October 2024

In 2023, the National Archaeological Agency conducted rescue archaeological investigations at the Cucuteni A-B site Glinjeni X – La Bot in the Fălești district. As a result of the investigations, a ditch oriented north-west – south-east and a surface dwelling were partially studied. The dwelling consisted of an accumulation of heavily burned clay fragments, mixed with chaff or chopped vegetal materials, and displayed numerous imprints likely originating from the frame of the separating ceiling of the two levels of the dwelling. The thickness of the accumulation varied in different sections, ranging from 5 to 20 cm. The imprints of the wooden frame beams indicate that the substructure was placed perpendicular to the long sides of the dwelling walls. Under the layer of burned clay of the dwelling, a fragment of a grindstone, three tools made of hard rocks, several flint items, a bone awl, and three fragmentary anthropomorphic figurines were discovered. The materials identified during the rescue investigations find analogies in sites attributed to phase A-B of the Cucuteni culture in central and northern Moldova, and we believe that the Glinjeni X – La Bot site can be dated to the beginning of the A-B2 stage.
Exploring the Relationship Between Creativity and Narrative Writing Proficiency of Pakistani Undergraduate ESL Learners
Authors: Nadeem Zulaikha , Shah Syed Kazim , Yasmin Farhana
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to explore the relationship between creativity and narrative writing proficiency level among ESL undergraduate learners of a public sector university in central Punjab, Pakistan. The study adopted a version of Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) as a framework. TTCT and IELTS written test rubrics were utilized for analyzing the data of 30 participants. The primary objective of the study was to measure the level of creativity exhibited in the narrative writing and its relationship with English proficiency. A significant positive relationship (r = .84) was found between creativity and narrative writing proficiency using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results showed that the students who demonstrated higher level of creativity also exhibited stronger writing proficiency levels. To compare the results, a paired sample t-test was used to confirm, and it was found that there was a significant difference between the scores of writing test and creativity. The effect of gender was also investigated, and females outperformed male participants. The study emphasized the importance of fostering creativity in narrative writing instructions to improve writing abilities among ESL learners. The study suggested that educators and institutions should integrate creative writing exercises and techniques into language instructions, acknowledging the potential advantages of increasing students’ imaginative abilities to improve their language proficiency.
الدلالات العقدية في موارد لفظ (جُنْد) في القرآن العظيم
Authors: بن محمد بن إبراهيم الوهيبي بدر
Published: October 2024

الهدف من هذا البحث: استخراج الدلالات العقدية من غير مظانها القريبة، فأثناء تلاوتي لكتاب الله عز وجلَّ، وتأملي لبعض معانيه، ودلالاته، ظهر لي مأخذٌ من مآخذ الأدلة على مسائل الاعتقاد مظنة بحثه بعيدة، ولم يسبق جمع مادته، ودراستها دراسةً عقدية، فكان الاختيار أن أجتهد في جمع مادته، وأرتبها على أبواب الاعتقاد المعروفة المبنية على أصول الإيمان الستة، فكان هذا البحث ولله الحمد، وعنونته بـــ              ــ( الدلالات العقدية لموارد لفظ (جُنْد) في القرآن العظيم) وقد سلكت جادة الاختصار، والاقتصار على ما يحقق هدف البحث، من غير توسعٍ بدراسة الدلالات المستنبطة.
ومن أبرز نتائج البحث: أن مسائل البحث المستنبطة، جاءت شاملة لجميع أركان الإيمان الستة: الإيمان بالله، وملائكته، وكتبه، ورسله، واليوم الآخر، والقدر خيره، وشره. كما تنوعت معاني لفظ (الجند) في القرآن الكريم.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal makeup primer
Authors: Najeebullah  , Shashank Tiwari  , Abdul Aleem
Published: October 2024

The burgeoning interest in natural and sustainable beauty products has driven the development of herbal makeup primers, which combine cosmetic functionality with the benefits of botanical ingredients. This abstract explores the formulation, efficacy, and advantages of herbal makeup primers. Unlike traditional primers that often rely on synthetic chemicals, herbal primers leverage plant-based extracts known for their skin-enhancing properties, such as aloe Vera& Orange oil. These ingredients offer soothing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant benefits that can improve skin texture and promote a healthier complexion. The formulation of herbal makeup primers typically includes a blend of herbal extracts, essential oils, and natural emulsifiers. These components work synergistically to create a smooth base for makeup application while also addressing skin concerns such as redness, dryness, and uneven tone. Clinical and consumer studies suggest that herbal primers can enhance makeup longevity and performance, while simultaneously contributing to overall skin health. In summary, herbal makeup primers represent a significant advancement in cosmetics science by integrating the therapeutic benefits of herbal ingredients into everyday beauty routines. Their growing popularity underscores a shift towards more eco-friendly and skin-conscious beauty solutions, aligning with consumer demand for products that offer both cosmetic and therapeutic benefits. Future research and development in this field are likely to expand the range of available formulations and further validate the efficacy of these natural alternatives.
The use of p-toluenesulfonic acid in the removal of biofilm in chronic ulcers
Authors: Mariana Peroni  , Marlene Dall’Alda  , Sergio Minervini  , Ornella Pancheri  , Francesca Baratto  , Stefano Bonvini  , Riccardo Pertile  , Giampietro Bertasi  , Francesco Fantin
Published: October 2024

Background: Bacterial biofilms represent a topic of great concern due to their ability to cause chronic, sometimes fatal infections. Considering the prevalence and pathogenicity of biofilms in chronic ulcers, an observational study was designed to evaluate the anti-biofilm capabilities of p-toluenesulfonic acid, using it in the chronic ulcers of patients belonging to the Diabetic Foot clinic. Methods: Preliminary analysis of an observational study on patients attending the diabetic foot clinic with leg ulcers for at least 4 weeks. 17 patients treated with p-toluenesulfonic acid on a weekly basis for a maximum of 16 weeks. The primary outcome was 100% granulation tissue formation at week 16 and 50% reduction in initial chronic ulcer size. Results: The average treatment time was 10 ± 4.8 weeks. 8 patients healed, 7 are undergoing treatment, 1 required reoperation due to post-operative complications and 1 spontaneously dropped out of the study after 6 weeks. In the sample of healed patients, the average treatment time was 10.5 weeks with 100% granulation present at the 6th week. The reduction in the overall size of the ulcer and of the granulation area is not significant in the total sample. The data improves in the sample of healed patients even if it does not reach significance (lesion p-value 0.094, granulation p-value 0.13). Applying the analysis to the delta of the two variables, a measurement of the area that coincides with the margins of the ulcer, a p-value of 0.069 is obtained. The behaviour of the sample does not change when stratified by the dressings applied after treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid. Conclusions: Treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid promotes tissue granulation regardless of the type of dressing subsequently applied. The data on the evolution of the size of the lesions were not significant due to the smallness of the sample but in the sample of healed persons, the formation of granulation after an average of 6 applications transforms the "chronic" ulcer into an "active" ulcer, promoting closure within the subsequent 4 weeks. The appearance of granulation confirms healing. Elimination of biofilm with p-toluenesulfonic acid can reduce healing times and the risk of reinfection.
Survey of Nigerian Secondary School Principals’ Educational Innovation and Leadership Behaviour: Implications for Effective School Management
Authors: Ngozi Nwafor Bernadette , Chinyere Odoh Blessing
Published: October 2024

The Nigeran education system at various levels has witnessed a lot of setbacks in the recent past due to the economic hardship meted on the school administrators. This economic hardship resulted from several factors of which the emergence of coronavirus in late 2019 was a part. This situation has brought a lot of drastic negative changes in the school administration in Nigeria and beyond. Moreover, it is worthy to note that the school's development revolves around the principal who is a major determinant of effective school administration. Thus, the principal's involvement in exhibiting leadership qualities and behaviour is a key element in deciding if the school is successful in attaining its objectives. However, there is a dearth of research on the level of educational innovation of school principals in the Nigerian context. Therefore, this research explored the association between principals’ educational innovation and their leadership behaviour for effective management of schools. This research adopted cross-sectional correlational survey research using a sample of 250 secondary school principals. Innovation and leadership behaviour questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed that principals' leadership and work behaviours significantly predict their educational innovation. The implication of this is that a principal without good leadership and work behaviours will not be able to exhibit quality educational innovation for the management of schools. The researchers, therefore, recommend that secondary school principals should be properly trained through in-service training to be able to acquire good leadership and work behaviours that are healthy for effective school management.
Potential of zodia (Evodia suaveolens) as natural repellents for Culex sp
Authors: Pramitaningrum Intan Kurniawati , Kurniawan Muhammad Rizki , Budiman Waras
Published: October 2024

Background: Adult Culex sp mosquitoes as disease vector also cause discomfort around humans. Various efforts have been made to prevent the transmission of diseases carried by mosquitoes, including the use of mosquito nets and the use of chemical insecticides in the larval and adult stages. Objectives: This Reserach aim to investigates the potential of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) as natural repellents. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted to test the effectiveness of Zodia extract at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% against Culex sp. mosquitoes. The tests were conducted under controlled conditions in the Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Binawan. The effectiveness was measured by the percentage of mosquitoes repelled after exposure. Results: The effectiveness of Zodia repellent increased with concentration, showing 76.4% effectiveness at 1%, 81.3% at 2%, and 91.05% at 3%. These results indicate a concentration-dependent increase in repellency, with the highest concentration approaching typical efficacy rates of synthetic repellents. Conclusions: The Zodia repellent (Evodia suaveolens) with a concentration of 1%, 2% and 3% has been demonstrated to be effective as a natural repellent against Culex sp. mosquitoes.
The relationship between the length of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the intensive phase and hemoglobin levels
Authors: Fadhilah Arzaq Nurhadi , Wikandari Ririh Jatmi
Published: October 2024

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) medication can alter hematological parameters, including hemoglobin levels. Hemoglobin levels due to anti-TB drugs have the potential to cause anemia. Therefore, it is important to know the risk of anemia during intensive phase TB treatment therapy. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between the length of treatment for TB patients in the intensive phase and hemoglobin levels. Materials and Methods: The sample was selected using the accidental sampling method. The number of samples obtained was 31 consisting of 17 respondents from the Kedungmundu Community Health Center, 14 respondents from the Bangetayu Community Health Center. EDTA blood was analyzed using a KX21-N hematology analyzer. The relationship between the duration of treatment and hemoglobin levels in TB patients was statistically tested using Pearson correlation test. Results: Most of the intensive phase TB patients are in the 15-24 years age group. The percentage of female patients is 54.8%, and 45.2% male. TB patients with a treatment duration of 5-8 weeks are 34.1% and a treatment duration of 1-4 weeks is 65.9%. Normal hemoglobin levels are 51.6%, and low hemoglobin levels are 48.4%. The results of the Pearson correlation test have a significance level of 0.862. Conclusion: There is no correlation between the duration of treatment of intensive phase TB patients and hemoglobin levels. The importance of monitoring hemoglobin levels during intensive phase treatment, in order to monitor the effectiveness of treatment or the presence of complications such as anemia.
Identification of Candida albicans in the Urine of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patiens at Puskesmas Jaten 2, Karanganyar Regency
Authors: Syalami Alfina , Qurrohman Muhammad Taufiq
Published: October 2024

Background: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that thrives in environments with high glucose concentrations, which makes patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) especially vulnerable to infection. Elevated blood glucose levels in DM can lead to glycosuria, providing a rich nutrient source for fungal growth. This research is critical because there is a lack of specific studies focusing on fungal infections in diabetic patients in Indonesia, despite the increasing prevalence of DM. This research provides a new perspective by highlighting a local diabetic population that has not been extensively studied before. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the presence of Candida albicans in the urine of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at Puskesmas Jaten 2 in Karanganyar Regency. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study included 20 urine samples from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. The inclusion criteria were fasting blood glucose levels of 200 mg/dl or higher, and all patients were enrolled in the chronic disease management program (Prolanis) at Puskesmas Jaten 2. The samples were collected and examined macroscopically in February 2024 to detect the presence of Candida albicans. Results: The results showed that Candida albicans was found in 6 out of 20 urine samples (30%), while the fungus was not detected in 14 samples (70%). The majority of positive cases occurred in patients aged 50 and older, suggesting an age-related susceptibility to fungal infection in this population. Patients with higher glucose levels also showed a greater tendency for Candida growth. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that Candida albicans is present in the urine of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at Puskesmas Jaten 2, with a notable prevalence of 30%. This finding highlights an increased susceptibility to fungal infections in older patients and those with elevated glucose levels, suggesting the need for careful monitoring and potential intervention in this population. Further studies with larger sample sizes are suggested to confirm these results and explore additional preventive measures.