bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Needlestick Injuries among Iranian Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Authors: Isfahani Parvaneh , Samani Somaye , Bahador Rasoul Corani , Arefi Marzieh , Afshari Mahnaz
Published: March 2024

Background:

Injuries caused by sharp objects are a major health risk for nurses. These injuries can be extremely dangerous and lead to various diseases. The purpose of this study was to establish the pooled prevalence of Needle Stick Injuries (NSIs) among nurses in Iran.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligible articles were searched from five electronic databases (Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) and one search engine. A random effects model was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence. The heterogeneity of the sample was tested using the I2 index, and the meta-regression function was used to evaluate variables suspected of heterogeneity at the 0.05 significance level. Finally, 21 articles were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (ver. 2.2.064).

Results:

Based on the random-effects model, the frequency of NSIs among Iranian nurses is 18.70% (95% CI: 15.10%–22.90%). The highest frequency is recorded in a teaching hospital in Tehran in 2007 (19.80%; 95% CI: 16.40%–23.70%), and the lowest frequency was recorded in a teaching hospital in Tehran in 2008 (17.90%; 95% CI: 14.60%–21.80%). Sample size, mean age, and work experience were significantly associated with and mean and frequency of NSIs in nurses (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

NSIs occur in about one-fifth of nurses in Iranian hospitals. In addition to its cost burden, the increase in NSIs has negative consequences for nurses. Therefore, health policymakers and managers must take serious action to reduce these injuries.
Effect of Early Amniotomy on Delivery Outcome with/without Cervical Ripening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zeidi Banafsheh Mohammadi , Zare Ommolbanin , Kiapour Azadeh
Published: March 2024

Background:

Although shorter labors are the benefits of Early Amniotomy (EA), it may lead to risks such as non-reassuring fetal testing and cesarean delivery. Also, the effect of cervical ripening to induce labor before amniotomy is unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of EA on the delivery outcome with or without cervical ripening.

Materials and Methods:

Bibliographic search was conducted without time limit until June 2020. PubMed, Scopus SID Magiran, Cochrane Library Science website, and ISI databases were searched with English and Farsi keywords, including amniotomy, delivery, induced, and pregnancy outcome.

Results:

The meta-analysis on ten clinical trials showed that the incidence of cesarean section was lower (0.89% VS 0.94; relative risk, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–1.30) compared to the group without cervical ripening, and the time to induce labor was approximately 55 minutes (mean difference, 0.91 hour; 95% confidence interval, -1.43 to - 0.33).

Conclusions:

If EA is performed in women after cervical ripening, the incidence of cesarean section will not increase, and the duration of labor will be reduced. A shorter delivery time is associated with perinatal benefits and greater maternal satisfaction. Furthermore, EA with cervical ripening may reduce monitoring time in busy hospitals with limited medical staff.
Role Model Nursing Instructors and Facilitation of Students’ Professional Growth Process: Directed Content Analysis
Authors: Azadian Marzieh , Nasrabadi Tahereh , Ebadi Abbas , Nouri Jamileh Mokhtari
Published: March 2024

Background:

The professionalization of nursing is one of the goals of academic education, which needs to be nurtured during education, so this research was conducted to study the views and experiences of nursing students and instructors regarding professional growth through role mode nursing instructors.

Materials and Methods:

This was a qualitative study with directed content analysis based on the growing up and role modeling theory in nursing students’ education, which was conducted at two universities in Iran from April to September 2021. The participants included 16 undergraduate, master’s, and PhD students, and nursing instructors selected using purposeful sampling with maximum diversity. The data were collected through in-depth interviews.

Results:

From the data analysis, 689 unrefined primary codes and 76 integrated codes were extracted. The three subcategories of the previous study included “effort to improve educational quality,” “clinical effectiveness,” and “promotion of professional status.” Generic categories were formed based on the grouping of codes. “Effort to improve educational quality” included the six generic categories of educational effectiveness, effective classroom management, comprehensive evaluation, adherence to educational rules, application of knowledge, and efforts to promote research. “Clinical effectiveness” included the generic category of effective clinical training. “Promotion of professional status” included the two generic categories of effective professional interactions and striving for professional independence.

Conclusions:

It can be concluded that role model nursing instructors can increase the students’ abilities, and thus, facilitate their professional growth through a combination of strategies based on the generic categories mentioned.
“Interprofessional Collaboration” among Pharmacists, Physicians, and Nurses: A Hybrid Concept Analysis
Authors: Kobrai-Abkenar Faeze , Salimi Sanaz , Pourghane Parand
Published: March 2024

Background:

“Interprofessional Collaboration” is associated with improving the quality of care. The objective of this study was the analysis of the concept of “Interprofessional Collaboration” using a hybrid model.

Materials and Methods:

A hybrid model was used in order to analyze the concept of “Interprofessional Collaboration.” The first phase was the scientific search of texts in all valid electronic databases. The second phase includes fieldwork in which medical, pharmaceutical, and nursing staff were interviewed. Data were collected, reviewed, and analyzed in the third phase.

Results:

The four main themes extracted in the theoretical phase included: “attributes of individual, team, organizational, and system.” In the fieldwork phase, three themes and seven sub-themes were identified: “Dynamism/effectiveness of collaboration, uncertain boundaries of collaboration, advanced organizational culture.” In the final phase, with the combination of the results of two previous phases, the final definition of the concept was presented: “A process that brings together systems, organizations and individuals from various professions to achieve common interests and goals. Achieving common goals and interests is influenced by individual, team, organizational, and system attributes.”

Conclusions:

Defining the concept of interprofessional collaboration and identifying its various aspects can be a practical guide for creating and evaluating it in educational and clinical settings.
Retrospective assessment of accuracy of nine intraocular lens power calculation formulae in eyes with axial myopia
Authors: Shetty Naren , Shetty Rohit , Nuijts Rudy M M A , Satija Anuj , Roy Abhijit S , Kaweri Luci
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To compare the accuracy of nine conventional and newer-generation formulae in calculating intraocular lens power in eyes with axial myopia.

Setting:

Tertiary eye care center, Bengaluru, India.

Design:

Retrospective cross-sectional, comparative study conducted in India.

Methods:

Patients undergoing uneventful phacoemulsification in eyes with axial length >26 mm were included. Preoperative biometry was done using Lenstar LS 900 (Haag-Streit AG, Switzerland). Single eye of patients undergoing bilateral implantation was randomly selected. Optimized lens constants were used to calculate the predicted postoperative refraction of each formula, which was then compared with the actual refractive outcomes to give the prediction errors, following which subgroup analysis was performed. The Kane formula, Barrett universal II, Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) 2.0, Hill Radial Basis Function (Hill RBF) 3.0, Olsen formula, along with Wang Koch–adjusted four formulae, that is, Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T), Holladay 1, Haigis, and Hoffer Q formula, were compared for intraocular lens power calculations.

Results:

One hundred and sixty-five eyes that fulfilled all the inclusion criteria were studied. Hill RBF 3.0 had the lowest mean and median absolute prediction errors (0.355 and 0.275, respectively) compared to all formulas. In subgroup analysis (26–28, >28–30, and >30 mm), significant difference was seen only in extremely long eyes (>30 mm). The Hill RBF 3.0 formula generated the maximum percentage of eyes with refractive errors within ±0.25, ±0.5, ±0.75, and ±1 D (46%, 76.2%, 89.9%, and 95.8%, respectively).

Conclusion:

This is the first study evaluating all the formulas exclusively in the myopic eyes. Hill RBF 3 was found to be superior in accuracy to all other formulas.
Protocols and procedures for safe administration of nitrous oxide–oxygen inhalational minimal sedation for anxiolysis in pediatric dentistry: A case series
Authors: Chengappa MM Dempsy , Bhatnagar Vidhu , Navin Kumar Andrews , Kannan Akshai , Bhandari Sujith Kumar , Yadav Ashok K , Ghavri Tarannum , Jain Parul
Published: March 2024

Fear and anxiety related to dental treatment are the most important causes of avoidance of oral care among pediatric patients. The majority of pediatric dental patients are managed with only behavior management techniques, without any pharmacological intervention. However, several pediatric dental patients, owing to noncooperation or the extent of surgery required may require pharmacological means of management, such as sedation or general anesthesia. Children with mild-to-moderate anxiety are suitable for management with inhalational sedation agents, such as nitrous oxide and oxygen (N2O–O2). An inhalational mixture of N2O–O2 has been used in this setting for over a century and has a high index of safety. With the advent of newer failsafe equipment for the delivery of these agents and the availability of trained dental and anesthesiology teams, this modality of sedation for behavior management of children while rendering dental treatment is gaining more acceptability. Proper case selection, informed consent from parents/guardians before the procedure, preprocedure and preprocedure counseling, and anesthetic evaluation of the child are important steps in the successful administration of sedation. The awareness of guidelines, alertness regarding adverse events, and preemptive preparation to manage any critical incident are essential for the safe administration of this inhalational mixture; thus, providing oral care to pediatric patients with the least amount of discomfort.
Care needs of adults with spinal trauma in the prehospital and hospital setting from the perspective of patient care team: A qualitative research
Authors: Behnammoghadam Mohammad , Alimohammadi Nasrollah , Riazi Ali , Eghbali-Babadi Maryam , Rezvani Majid
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Appropriate care of patients with definite spinal cord injury or at risk of it in the prehospital and hospital stages requires comprehensive planning in the health system. It is also the requirement of any successful program to explain the needs from the perspective of its stakeholders. Thus, this study aimed to discover the care needs of adults with spinal trauma in prehospital and hospital settings from the perspective of the patient care team.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This qualitative study was conducted with the participation of urban and rural prehospital emergency personnel and emergency departments of educational and therapeutic hospitals affiliated to Isfahan, Tehran, Shiraz, Kermanshah, Ahvaz, and Yasuj Universities of Medical Sciences, through conducting 36 in-depth semi-structured interviews from September to December 2021. Using purposive sampling method, the participants were selected considering the maximum variation. The data saturation was reached after conducting interviews and group discussions with 36 subjects. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis approach. Lundman and Graneheim approach were used for the study rigour. Data were simultaneously analyzed using MAXQDA software version 10.

RESULT:

During the data analysis, two themes of prehospital care with two main categories (emergency care and management of secondary complications of spinal trauma) and hospital care with two main categories (emergency care and management of secondary complications of spinal trauma) emerged.

CONCLUSION:

Emergency care and management of secondary complications of spinal cord injury in the prehospital and hospital stages can affect treatment results, improve quality of life, and reduce mortality rate, secondary injuries, and healthcare costs. Thus, identification of the care needs of the adults with spinal trauma from the perspective of the patient care team can help the authorities to plan appropriate interventions.
Explanation of the sociological patterns of organ donation: An analytical study
Authors: Lalehgani Hedayatallah , Babaee Sima , Yazdannick Ahmad Reza , Alimohammadi Nasrollah , Saneie Behnam , Ramezannejad Pantea
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

In many countries, the consent of family members is required for organ donation from brain-dead patients who are potential candidates for organ donation. In this regard, knowing the factors affecting family members’ decision for organ donation can help improve the conditions. This qualitative study aimed to identify the factors affecting family members’ decision-making regarding donation of brain-dead patients’ organs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This research applied qualitative research by focusing on the content analysis approach. The study started from April 2021 in Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan and Ayatollah Kashani in Shahrekord and continued until data saturation was reached (September 1401). Participants were assigned to one of three groups: brain-dead patients’ family members who consented to organ donation, brain-dead patients’ family members who declined to consent to organ donation, and people involved in the organ donation process. The sample was selected using the purposive sampling method. The data were collected using unstructured interviews and the field survey method. In this study, a qualitative content analysis with a contractual approach was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS:

The analysis of the collected data using different methods yielded 11 main categories, including 1) unresponsive healthcare system, 2) inadequate support from government systems, 3) weakness of social work organizations, 4) fear of being stigmatized, 5) cultural values, 6) symbolization, 7) perpetuation and the society’s attitude, 8) development of personality system and generalism, 9) human values, 10) spiritual maturity, and 11) belief-religious challenges, leading finally to three themes, including 1) structural and functional weakness of systems, 2) sociocultural factors, and 3) worldview.

CONCLUSION:

The findings of the present research were able to identify the roots and social factors affecting Iranian families’ decisions regarding the consent or nonconsent of brain-dead patient members. Health system administrators and organ donation committees in medical sciences universities in Iran can try to solve the shortage of donated organs by using the specific social aspects introduced in this study. It is also recommended to design effective models for more satisfaction of family members for brain death patient organ donation in healthcare based on the underlying concepts of this study.
Evaluation of Color Stability of Different Esthetic Restorative Materials with Whitening Dentifrices
Authors: Singh Iqbal , Kalyan Sai S , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Lone Parveen , Koul Manisha
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Color stability and surface roughness are important factors affecting the longevity of any restorative material, as a rough surface structure can lead to staining and discoloration.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of application of two over-the-counter whitening toothpastes (Colgate Optic White and Close-up) on the color stability of different esthetic restorative materials (resin composite and conventional glass-ionomer).

Materials and Methods:

Using Mylar strips, 120 specimens were created from each restorative material (resin composite and conventional glass-ionomer). Baseline color measurement was done. This was followed by brushing the specimens according to the groups were brushed with the different whitening toothpastes. Before measuring color, the samples were washed.

Results:

A significant color change was observed between the two restorative materials. The color change was significantly higher with Colgate Optic White than Close-up toothpaste. Furthermore, composite material showed higher color stability than glass-ionomer cement (GIC).

Conclusion:

When used for 2 min twice day for 15 days, the whitening toothpastes Colgate Optic White and Close UP do create noticeable changes in the color. Furthermore, composites showed higher favorability for color stability than GIC.
Transformation in the Teachers’ Role According to the National Education Policy 2020 Guidelines in the Indian Context
Authors: Kakodkar Pradnya V. , Rishipathak Parag , Sriranga Jyotsna
Published: March 2024

Higher education plays a significant role in promoting human and societal well-being and developing India as envisioned in its constitution. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 discusses how to equip future teachers with transforming the teaching–learning process and innovative pedagogy. A teacher is the central figure in the formal teaching–learning process, and students’ future depends on them. The aim of this paper is to provide strategic recommendation for transforming the faculty/teachers of higher education institutes according to the guidelines of NEP 2020 supported with the literature. The critical points for teacher transformation considered are multidisciplinarity, student engagement, leadership, lifelong learning, technology, and faculty as a curriculum designer scientist. Using the keywords “NEP 2020, teacher, transformation, curriculum, and higher education,” literature was searched in scientific databases. Relevant literature information related to the key teacher-related sections in NEP 2020 was compiled, grouped, and discussed accordingly. The proposed strategic recommendations are as follows: NEP 2020 is a roadmap for the future; the teachers should train students in multi-disciplinary environment; Student-centric education and supporting self-directed learning should be promoted; teacher to transform as mentor or guide; faculty to be trained in leadership skills; blend learning and life long learning to be promoted; faculty to be trained in digital technology and to take a new role as curriculum designer scientist.
Prevalence of Periodontitis Based on the American Academy of Periodontology and European Federation of Periodontology 2017 Classification Scheme in Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Center in New Delhi – An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Chawla Kirti , Sawai Madhuri Alankar , Bhardwaj Ashu , Jafri Zeba , Sultan Nishat
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Periodontitis is one of the major reasons for tooth loss in adults. Therefore, it is important to know the true prevalence of the disease.

Aim:

This study was designed to find out the prevalence of periodontitis in Delhi state based on the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) 2017 classification scheme.

Materials and Methods:

It was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 2200 patients. Periodontal data were collected using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs-Epidemiological probe. Periodontal disease was diagnosed with the 2017 AAP and EFP definitions and classifications.

Results:

Of the study population, 93.2% had no detectable clinical attachment loss (CAL), 34.8% (n = 52) were classified with Stage I, 34.8% (n = 52) with Stage II, 16.8% (n = 25) with Stage III, and none with Stage IV periodontitis. Grade A was the predominant grade, being diagnosed in 50% of the periodontitis cases. The majority of cases (62%) demonstrated generalized periodontitis.

Conclusion:

The new periodontal disease classification system introduced in 2017 has provided a comprehensive description of periodontal disease which can classify the periodontal disease on the basis of various factors. Based on this, our study reported a maximum number of Stage I and II periodontitis patients.
Global Health Professions Student Survey among Health Professional Students from University of Jaipur: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kapadiya Jahanvi , Sampath Naganandini , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Chaudhary Pankaj , Shukla Sakshi , Singh Satyendra , Singh Avishek
Published: March 2024

Background:

Tobacco use among health professionals implies failure on the part of both the beneficiaries and health-care delivery system. This research aimed to assess the knowledge, behavior, and attitude among health professional students.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out among health-care students (medical, dental, nursing, physiotherapy, and pharmacy) of NIMS University. The final version of the questionnaire had 43 questions divided into six sections: tobacco use prevalence, secondhand smoke exposure, opinions toward tobacco product prohibition, behavioral/cessation, curriculum/training, and demographics. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The Chi-square test was applied to find any significant association between smoking and qualitative variables among different health professional students.

Results:

Five hundred and twenty-five students submitted the response to the online survey. One hundred and five (20%) health-care students were smokers. Pharmacy students had the highest percentage of smokers (50%) and also secondhand smoking exposure (46.87%) was highest among them. Nonsmokers had more favorable attitudes toward banning tobacco products. Medical and dental students were highly trained in tobacco cessation compared to other courses (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

In the present study, the prevalence of smoking and exposure to secondhand smoking was high among pharmacy students, whereas knowledge toward tobacco cessation and training for the same was high among medical and dental students. The study concluded that comprehensive tobacco preventive and cessation training among all health professionals should be mandatory to improve their effectiveness in tobacco cessation and as role models also.
Caries Risk Profiles in 13–15-year-old Schoolchildren in Guntur City Using Cariogram: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ramya K. , Suresh Sanikommu , Pachava Srinivas , Pavani Nijampatnam P. M. , Pydi Siva Kumar , Viswanath V.
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives:

Dental caries continues to be a major health concern for populations worldwide. In India, the prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate among child population. Assessing caries risk in children is more beneficial than treating the disease in terms of economic as well as public health outcomes. Hence, a study was conducted to assess caries risk in 13–15-year-old government and private schoolchildren in Guntur city using Cariogram model and to identify the particular risk factors that were most frequent among schoolchildren.

Materials and Methods:

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among government and private high schoolchildren in Guntur city. A total of 100 children aged 13–15 years were selected randomly. Data were obtained by means of questionnaire, intraoral examination, and salivary analysis. The information obtained was entered into Cariogram model to calculate the “percentage chance to avoid caries.”

Results:

Of the total 100 schoolchildren, 43 were boys and 57 were girls. The government schoolchildren had a higher mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (1.50 ± 1.669) compared to the private schoolchildren (0.40 ± 0.833), which was significant. The mean chance to avoid caries was significantly higher in private schoolchildren (70.56%) compared to government schoolchildren (57.32%).

Conclusion:

Diet incorporates a major role in assessing caries risk in the present study including its content and frequency. The Cariogram model could find out the factors contributing to the development of caries in the individual and help to plan targeted preventive actions.
Antifungal Properties of Grape Seed Extract on Various Species of Candida Organisms: An In vitro Study
Authors: Asmin P. K. , Jose Christa , Fareed Nusrath
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Oral candidiasis is one of the most common fungal opportunistic infections in the mouth caused by a fungus called Candida, and it presents as commensals in all humans. Over the last few decades, the increasing incidence of Candida infections parallels the growing numbers of immunocompromised patients. This trend is aggravated by the fact that there is a reckless use of antifungals. To combat this trend, the use of natural antifungals which have fewer side effects is recommended. Black grape seed extract (GSE) has shown a promise in this regard.

Materials and Methods:

Candida species such as Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida albicans were used in the study. Fungal strains were passaged in the agar Sabouraud dextrose environment from 24 h to have live and fresh strains for the test. Black GSE was obtained. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), of GSE, amphotericin B and fluconazole drugs on the included fungi was examined using disc diffusion method. Then, the plates were incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Finally, growth inhibitory zone was examined.

Results:

The analysis of the results revealed that the growth of C. albicans and C. krusei had been stopped at the concentration of 6.25 μg/mL, but the growth of C. glabrata and C. tropicalis was inhibited at a concentration of 12.25 μg/mL and 0.8 μg/mL respectively.

Conclusion:

The results obtained from the present study showed that both disc diffusion method and the maximum inhibitory concentration of MIC (Macro dilution) confirms the antimicrobial susceptibility of four species of candida to GSE. We conclude the possibility of GSE as an effective alternative measure for commercial antifungal agents, especially among immunocompromised patients, However, more laboratory and clinical studies need to be conducted to validate our findings.
A systematic review of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine retention enema in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Li Jiaji , Tang Ling , Li Ye , Xu Jingjin , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study is to summarize the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) enema in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The randomized controlled trials on TCM enema intervention in the treatment of UC were searched in seven databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database from January 1, 2013 to June 6, 2022, and the data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 18 studies involving 1514 UC patients were included. Meta analysis results showed that compared with conventional Western medicine, Chinese medicine enema had a significant effect on UC, and the clinical effective rate of the experimental group using Chinese medicine enema was 4.45 times that of the control group using conventional Western medicine (odds ratio = 4.45, 95% confidence interval [3.27, 6.06]). Therefore, Chinese medicine enema is effective in the treatment of UC, and can significantly reduce related symptoms.
Oketani massage with jasmine oil improves breast milk production on postpartum days 1–3
Authors: Dewi Ni Made Ratih Comala , Wulandari Made Ririn Sri , Aungsuroch Yupin
Published: March 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the effect of Oketani massage with jasmine oil on improving breast milk production on days 1–3.

Materials and Methods:

This preexperimental one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted with 44 eligible respondents, selected using an incidental sampling technique. Oketani massage with jasmine oil was conducted once a day for 3 consecutive days. A total of 44 respondents were selected with incidental sampling. Sufficient breast milk production was observed through the frequency of baby urination in 24 h, the frequency of baby defecation in 24 h, the baby’s weight, and the length of time the baby slept or remained calm after breastfeeding.

Results:

Results showed that Oketani massage using jasmine oil impacted on increasing breast milk production in postpartum on days 1–3 (Z = 6.633,P= 0.000). The baby’s weight in 3 days was increased after intervention compared with intervention before (2858.25 ± 180.62 g vs. 2881.66 ± 180.96 g,t= 55.33,P= 0.000), the baby’s urination frequency was increased after intervention (4.55 ± 0.50 vs. 7.20 ± 0.70,t= 17.87,P= 0.000), the breastfeeding frequency has decreased (10.27 ± 1.42 vs. 8.82 ± 0.82,t= 6.94,P= 0.000), and the time of baby’s sleeping or calming state has increased (5.14 ± 6.46 h vs. 8.48 ± 10.24 h,t= 2.11,P= 0.041).

Conclusion:

Oketani massage combined with jasmine oil has been shown to be effective on improving breast milk production on days 1–3.
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis telemonitoring and education: A scoping review
Authors: Bakhri Muhammad Syamsul , Utami Yulian Wiji , Ismail Dina Dewi Sartika Lestari
Published: March 2024

The risk of peritonitis complications in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) can be prevented or reduced by providing proper education and continuous monitoring. Telemedicine and telemonitoring are methods that enable remote monitoring and patient care. This study aimed to determine the success and factors affecting telemonitoring in CAPD patient care. This study is a scoping review (ScR) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-ScR method. Article searches were carried out on ProQuest, PubMed, and ScienceDirect with a time range of 2018–2023. Data extraction was performed regarding knowledge level, quality of life, clinical outcomes (peritonitis), and risk of hospitalization. Of the 12 articles and studies included, 6 articles were related to the effect of telemonitoring on CAPD patient outcomes, and 6 articles were associated with the effect of education on CAPD patient outcomes. Education provided to patients can improve patient understanding of therapeutic modalities for renal disorders, reduce the potential for peritonitis and dialysis complications, and improve the quality of life of patients with CAPD. CAPD patients who received telemonitoring had a better quality of life, good clinical outcomes, and a lower risk of hospitalization than those who did not receive telemonitoring and had fewer health-care visits. In summary, the implementation of telemonitoring and education in chronic kidney disease patients with CAPD modality therapy has been proven effective in improving quality of life and reducing dialysis-related risks.
Changes in acute and late toxicity and patient-reported health-related quality of life following radiotherapy in women with breast cancer: A 1-year longitudinal study
Authors: Uslu Gonca Hanedan , Aydin Aydanur , GÜrsoy Ayla
Published: March 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of acute and late toxicities, as well as changes in the quality of life (QOL) for breast cancer patients following radiotherapy (RT).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 108 breast cancer women were recruited for this prospective study. Data were collected at various intervals; prior to, and 1, 3, 6 months, and 1 year after radiation therapy. The primary outcomes were toxicity radiation therapy oncology group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria. Our secondary outcome was QOL, measured using EORTC QLQ-C30 and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale. We employed Friedman’s two-way analysis to evaluate the changes in QOL over the course of 1 year.

Results:

The early toxicities that are most commonly experienced include pharyngeal, skin, and mucous membrane toxicity. Late toxicities frequently involve skin and submucosal toxicity. To measure patient functionality, all functional subscale scores except for the patient’s emotional state increased over time compared to pre-RT. Symptoms of the patients, which were included in the QOL symptom scale, decreased during the follow-up period, except for fatigue; however, changes in pain, insomnia, and loss of appetite did not significantly change. We identified the analogous symptom profiles in Edmonton. Although patients’ overall health scores declined in the 1st and 3rd months after radiotherapy (RT), they rebounded at 6 and 12 months.

Conclusion:

For breast cancer patients, RT did not adversely affect functional capacity or exacerbate symptoms, but persistent fatigue did increase during the observation period. Health-care professionals ought to devise strategies to assist patients with skin toxicity and fatigue.
The effect of traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation exercise (pulmonary Daoyin) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yuyin , Qiu Yuhua , Zhou Kaimin , Tan Ruyi , Peng Wanlin , Long Xiuhong , Chen Meijiang
Published: March 2024

Objective:

Previous research has demonstrated that pulmonary Daoyin could be an efficacious way to ameliorate the physical and psychological state of sufferers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bolster the quality of life. However, the results are not consistent. Thus, the objective of this research is to assess the impacts of pulmonary Daoyin in individuals with COPD.

Methods:

Relevant articles were searched in Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP from database inception to January 2024.

Results:

There were a total of 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in this meta-analysis involving 1732 patients, of which 864 participated in the intervention group and 868 in the control group. When comparing with the control group, the COPD patients practicing pulmonary Daoyin demonstrated a significant improvement in 6 min walking distance (mean difference [MD] = 24.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] [18.55, 30.52], P <0.00001), forced expiratory volume in the 1 s (FEV1) (MD = 0.39, 95% CI [0.18, 0.59], P = 0.0002), percentage of FEV1 to the predicted value (FEV1%) (MD = 5.35, 95% CI [3.22, 7.48], P < 0.0001), the forced vital capacity (FVC) (MD = 0.39, 95% CI [0.06, 0.73], P = 0.02), percentage of FVC to the predicted value (FVC%) (MD = 7.52, 95% CI [4.91, 10.13], P < 0.00001), the ratio of FEV1/FVC (MD = 4.95, 95% CI [0.91, 8.99], P = 0.02), peak expiratory flow rate (standardized MD = 0.98, 95% CI [0.74, 1.22], P < 0.00001), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale (MD= −0.47, 95% CI [−0.89, −0.04], P=0.03), and Borg scale (MD =−0.65, 95% CI [−0.75, −0.55], P < 0.00001).

Conclusions:

Our findings may illuminate the influence of pulmonary Daoyin on exercise ability, breathlessness, and pulmonary function in COPD patients. More rigorous RCTs with larger samples and longer-term interventions will be required moving forward.
Minimum effective dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine for cesarean section with and without prophylactic norepinephrine infusion: Randomized triple-blinded trial
Authors: Tyagi Asha , Mathur Monika , Salhotra Rashmi , Rautela Rajesh S.
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:

Vasopressor usage can affect the rostral spread of intrathecal drug and, hence, its requirement during cesarean delivery. Although a decreased spread is evidenced with phenylephrine, there is no data for norepinephrine usage. The present study aimed to evaluate the minimum effective dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine for cesarean section with and without prophylactic norepinephrine infusion.

Material and Methods:

Patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under combined spinal–epidural block were randomized to receive intravenous infusion of norepinephrine (0.05 μg/kg/min) or normal saline (placebo), initiated immediately after intrathecal injection. Postspinal hypotension in either group (systolic arterial pressure ≤0.8 baseline) was treated with norepinephrine 4 μg rescue. Dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) was decided for individual patients using up-and-down sequential allocation method. Primary outcome measure was the minimum effective dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) defined as ED50, while secondary observations included spinal block characteristics and neonatal outcomes.

Results:

Demographic parameters were statistically similar between both groups (P > 0.05). ED50 of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine was 7.8 mg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7–8.8) and 7.4 mg (95% CI: 6.1–8.7) for normal saline and norepinephrine group respectively (P = 0.810). Block characteristics were similar between both groups as was neonatal APGAR score, but umbilical artery base excess was greater for norepinephrine versus normal saline group (−4.4 ± 3.6 vs. −6.5 ± 2.4, P = 0.038).

Conclusion:

Use of prophylactic norepinephrine (0.05 μg/kg/min) during cesarean delivery does not require adjustment of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine.
Comparison of grooved and conventional Macintosh laryngoscope blades for throat pack insertion: A randomized control trial
Authors: John Jyothi Elizabeth , Nileshwar Anitha
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:

Throat pack insertion is required for many otolaryngological surgeries under general anesthesia. To facilitate surgery, an oral Ring, Adair, and Elwyn (RAE) endotracheal tube is used. When the Macintosh blade is used to insert the pack, the tube often moves to the left as per its design. We designed a groove in the Macintosh laryngoscope blade to hold the endotracheal tube in place during pack placement. This study was done to compare the grooved and conventional Macintosh laryngoscope blades for throat pack insertion with respect to the intraoral movement of the tube, ease of packing, time taken, and associated hemodynamic changes in patients who have been intubated with a preformed oral endotracheal tube.

Material and Methods:

This randomized control trial included 80 patients after approval from the institutional ethics committee and CTRI. Informed written consent was taken from all patients. Packing of cases was done with either grooved (group G) or conventional Macintosh laryngoscope blade (group C). Student’s t-test, Chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney U test were used to analyze data.

Results:

The tube remained in the center in 35/40 patients in group G as compared to 10/40 patients in group C (P < 0.0001). Packing the throat was significantly easier (P = 0.005), and time taken to pack the throat was shorter in group G as compared to group C (P = 0.0008).

Conclusions:

The endotracheal tube remains in the center more often during throat pack insertion using a grooved laryngoscope blade as compared to the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope blade. The grooved blade is easier to use and takes less time to insert the throat pack.
A Randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of ultrasound-guided erector spinae block and paravertebral block in preventing postherpetic neuralgia in patients with zoster-associated pain
Authors: Patil Akkamahadevi , Vyshnavi S , Raja Thanigai , Shastry Veeranna , Thammaiah Srinivas H. , Archana KN
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:

The treatment for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) continues to be challenging in clinical pain management. Paravertebral block (PVB) and erector-spinae block (ESPB) are two novel techniques for treating this distressing condition. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of PVB and ESPB in preventing the progression to PHN in patients with acute herpes zoster (AHZ).

Material and Methods:

Sixty patients in pain due to AHZ were selected for a prospective randomized control study after approval from Institutional Ethical Committee. Written informed consent was taken. Patients were randomized and allotted into Control-group: standard treatment (oral antivirals, analgesics, neuropathic medicines); PVB-Group: standard treatment with PVB and ESPB- Group: standard treatment with ESPB. Under ultrasound guidance, both blocks were administered with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine + dexamethasone 8 mg. Efficacy was evaluated on the 15th, 30th, and 60th day post treatment. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with adequate relief from pain and allodynia post study.

Results:

The incidence of PHN post study was 45% in the ESPB group and 40% in the PVB group and 80% in the control group (p = 0.022). The proportion of patients with pain relief was higher among the PVB group compared to the ESPB group but not statistically significant (p 0.749). On day 60, the mean pain score was 2.45 (±3.05) and 2.15 (±2.7) in ESPB and PVB groups, respectively, and 4.3 (±2.27) in the control group (p 0.003).

Conclusion:

PVB and ESPB are effective approaches in treating patients suffering from pain due to acute zoster and help in preventing its progression to PHN.
A New Scoring System of Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Chaitanya Nallan CSK , Chintada Suvarna , Priya Sivan Padma , Hashim Nada Tawfig , Mohammed Riham , Rahman Muhammed Mustahsen , Shetty Shishir Ram , Farghal Nancy Soliman , Alyami Jaber Sadan Hamad
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic, immune-mediated mucocutaneous disorder increasingly becoming common in the general population with female predominance. Clinically, there are different forms of lichen planus with the presence of the main characteristic feature of Wickham striae. Literature, to date, is abundant with various scoring systems of oral lichen planus, and among them, the most commonly followed scoring system was the one proposed by the Thongprasom system because of its simplicity and ease of application.

Aim:

The aim of the present study is to critically review all the disease scoring systems on oral lichen planus (OLP) that have been reported in the literature during the past decades. A systematic literature search was performed using PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE Library with language restriction to English. The search was carried out incorporating the published literature from 1980 to 2020 using the MeSH (medical subject heading) terms. A literature search was done using keywords: Staging, Grading, Oral lichen planus, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic. Out of 25 publications, related to search strategy, 22 full articles, which were related to the disease scoring system for oral lichen planus, were acquired for further inspection. Out of the 22 articles, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. The data was collected and a brief summary of the studies regarding the different disease scoring systems for oral lichen planus was explained. Taking into consideration, the parameters were not included in the previous disease scoring system. A new proposal encompassing a scoring system for oral lichen planus considering the missing parameters along with an amalgamation of histopathological criteria of dysplasia is presented. It also proposes to grade and stage the lesions and recommend appropriate therapy for each of such lesions.
Advances in discovery of novel investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B: A comprehensive review of phases II and III therapeutic agents
Authors: Lam Robert , Lim Joseph K
Published: March 2024

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects over 295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United States. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Antiviral therapy with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high rates of virologic suppression, which in turn has been associated with a decreased risk of liver complications. However, current antiviral regimens are limited by concerns with adverse effects, adherence, resistance, long-term treatment, and ongoing risk for liver events. Novel investigational agents are currently in development and are targeted at achieving functional cure with sustained hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and suppression of HBV DNA. Herein we review key evidence from phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety profiles for key investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B, including core/capsid inhibitors, entry inhibitors, RNA interference (siRNA/ASO), HBsAg inhibitors, Toll-like receptor agonists, checkpoint inhibitors, and therapeutic vaccines.
Hepatocellular carcinoma immune microenvironment and check point inhibitors-current status
Authors: Gupta Tarana , Jarpula Nikhil Sai
Published: March 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary tumor of the liver and has a high mortality rate. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system in addition to tumor staging also links the modality of treatment available to a particular stage. The recent description of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in HCC has provided a new concept of immunogenicity within the HCC. Virus-related HCC has been shown to be more immunogenic with higher expression of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and decreased elements for immunosuppression such as regulatory T cells. This immunogenic milieu provides a better response to immunotherapy especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In addition, the recent data on combining locoregional therapies and other strategies may convert the less immunogenic state of the TME towards higher immunogenicity. Therefore, data are emerging on the use of combinations of locoregional therapy and ICIs in unresectable or advanced HCC and has shown better survival outcomes in this difficult population.
Associations of PNPLA3 and LEP genetic polymorphisms with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in Thai people living with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Choochuay Kanuengnit , Kunhapan Punna , Puangpetch Apichaya , Tongsima Sissades , Srisawasdi Pornpen , Sobhonslidsuk Abhasnee , Sungkanuparph Somnuek , Biswas Mohitosh , Sukasem Chonlaphat
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing public health issue in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). However, the pathophysiology of MAFLD is still unknown, and the role of genetic variables is only now becoming evident.

AIM

To evaluate the associations of gene-polymorphism-related MAFLD in PLWH.

METHODS

The study employed transient elastography with a controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m to identify MAFLD in patients from a Super Tertiary Hospital in central Thailand. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using TaqMan® MGB probe 5' nuclease assays for seven MAFLD-related genes. Statistical analyses included SNP frequency analysis, Fisher's Exact and Chi-square tests, odds ratio calculations, and multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS

The G-allele carriers of PNPLA3 (rs738409) exhibited a two-fold rise in MAFLD, increasing by 2.5 times in MAFLD with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The clinical features and genetic patterns imply that LEP rs7799039 A-allele carriers had a nine times (P = 0.001) more significant chance of developing aberrant triglyceride among PLWH.

CONCLUSION

The current study shows an association between PNPLA3 rs738409 and LEP rs7799039 with MAFLD in PLWH.