bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sr3Al2Ge4, Ca10Al6Ge9 und Ca20Al6Ge13. Neue Aluminium-Germanide / Sr3Al2Ge4, Ca10Al6Ge9 and Ca20Al6Ge13. New Aluminium Germanides
Authors: Wendorff Marco , Röhr Caroline
Published: February 2015

In the ternary systems Ca-Al-Ge and Sr-Al-Ge three germanides with new structure types have been synthesized from stoichiometric ratios of the elements. Their crystal structures were determined using single crystal X-ray data. In the structure of Sr3Al2Ge4 (monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 1267.6(4), b = 416.2(2), c = 887.4(3) pm, β = 110.37(2)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0354) Al-Ge sheets with Al in tetrahedral (i. e. Al−) and Ge in threefold ψ-tetrahedral (i. e. Ge−) coordination against Ge are present. Thus, the compound can be classified as an electron precise Zintl phase. This finding is verified by the result of a band structure calculation (within the FP-LAPW approach), that shows a distinct minimum of the total density of states at the Fermi level. The structure of Ca10Al6Ge9 (trigonal, space group R3̅m, a = 1398.45(14), c = 2107.4(3) pm, Z = 6, R1 = 0.0613) contains complicated sheets of trigonal planar building units [AlGe3] and [AlGe4] tetrahedra. The compound Ca20[Al3Ge6]2[Ge] (hexagonal, space group P63/m, a = 1600.9(2), c = 458.48(7) pm, Z = 1, R1 = 0.0282) shows two planar trimers of [AlGe3] triangles of formula [Al3Ge6] besides isolated Ge atoms (i. e. Ge4−). The overall electron count of the latter compounds, that contain trigonal planar coordinated Al atoms and considerable multiple bond character of the Al-Ge bonds, shows a very small deviation from the Zintl concept, comparable to the one observed in other aluminium-germanides like SrAlGe.
Solid State Phase Equilibria in the Er-Ni-P and Er-Ni-As Systems at 800 °C
Authors: Zelinska Mariya , Zhak Olga , Oryshchyn Stepan , Polianska Tetiana , Pivan Jean-Yves
Published: February 2015

Solid-state phase equilibria in the ternary systems Er-Ni-P and Er-Ni-As have been determined at 800 °C (region 0 - 67 at.% P or 0 - 50 at.% As) using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Eight ternary phosphides and six ternary arsenides have been synthesized, including several phases reported previously. The hexagonal structure of the new compound Er6Ni20P13, as determined from single-crystal X-ray data, exhibits a new structure type closely related to the Ho6Ni20P13 structure. Two other new phosphides, Er16Ni36P22 (Tb16Ni36P22- type) and Er20Ni42P30 (Sm20Ni41.6P30-type), have also been obtained at 800 °C. In the Er-Ni-As system, a new arsenide Er20Ni42As30 (Sm20Ni41.6P30-type) has been found in addition to known ternary phases. From X-ray powder data, the structures of the ternary arsenides ErNi4As2 (ZrFe4Si2-type) and Er2Ni12As7 (Zr2Fe12P7-type) have been refined by Rietveld methods. In the single crystal investigations, two other new phases Er12Ni30P21 [derived (La, Ce)12Rh30P21-type] and Er13Ni25As19 (Tm13Ni25As19-type) have been prepared by high-temperature annealing (1500 °C).
Polysulfonylamine, CLXXIX [1]. Intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen in kristallinen Di(organosulfonyl)aminen. Teil 4 [2]. Di(4-iodbenzolsulfonyl)amin und zwei Methylpyridinium-di(4-iodbenzolsulfonyl)amide: Iod-Sauerstoff vs. Iod-Iod-Wechselwirkungen / Polysulfonylamines, CLXXIX [1]. Intermolecular Interactions in Crystalline Di(organosulfonyl) amines. Part 4 [2]. Di(4-iodobenzenesulfonyl)amine and Two Methylpyridinium Di(4-iodobenzenesulfonyl) amides: Iodine-Oxygen vs. Iodine-Iodine Interactions
Authors: Zerbe Eva-Maria , Freytag Matthias , Jones Peter G. , Blaschette Armand
Published: February 2015

Low-temperature X-ray structures and crystal packing arrangements are presented for di(4-iodobenzenesulfonyl)amine (4, monoclinic, P21/c, Z ' = 1, isostructural to a previously described dimorph of the corresponding bromo homologue), 2,4-dimethylpyridinium di(4- iodobenzenesulfonyl)amide (5, monoclinic, P21/n, Z ' = 1, isostructural to the corresponding bromo compound), and 3-methylpyridinium di(4-iodobenzenesulfonyl)amide (6, orthorhombic, Pna21, Z '= 1). The packing of 4 consists of non-lamellar layers, in which the molecules are connected by N-H···O hydrogen bonds in one and by Iδ+···Oδ− interactions in the other dimension. Structure 5 involves strands of formula units, whereby the anions form catemers via Iδ+···Oδ− interactions and the cations are isotactically connected to the anion backbone by an N+
-H(···O)2 three-centre bond. Short I···I contacts are absent from structures 4 and 5. In contrast, structure 6 displays lamellar layers comprising an inner lamella of cations and N(SO2)2 groups connected by an N+
-H···N− two-centre bond, and peripheral regions of 4-iodophenyl rings. Thus, the iodine atoms are efficiently shielded from the oxygen atoms, but in appropriate positions to form Iδ+···Iδ− interlayer contacts. Each structure is reinforced by a parallel-displaced π···π stacking arrangement of aromatic rings and an abundance of short C-H···A contacts (A = acceptor).
One-pot Microwave-assisted Tandem Deprotection of Arylmethanesulfonates / SNAr Reaction for K2CO3-mediated C(Aryl)–O Bond Formation
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Hong-Feng
Published: February 2015

One-pot microwave-assisted tandem deprotection of arylmethanesulfonates / nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction (SNAr) with activated aryl halides to synthesize asymmetrical diaryl ethers is described.
Fusapyridons A and B, Novel Pyridone Alkaloids from an Endophytic Fungus, Fusarium sp. YG-45
Authors: Tsuchinari Mio , Shimanuki Keiko , Hiramatsu Fuminori , Murayama Tetsuya , Koseki Takuya , Shiono Yoshihito
Published: February 2015

Through our screening for new natural compounds, two 3,4,5-trisubstituted N-methyl-2-pyridone alkaloids, fusapyridons A (1) and B (2), along with the known compounds sambutoxin (3), Ndemethylsambutoxin (4), (-)-oxysporidinone (5), and the dimethyl ketal of oxysporidinone (6) were isolated from the fermentation extract of Fusarium sp. YG-45. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses including NMR, MS, UV and IR. Compound 1 showed antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Adsorption of Carboxylate Anions on a CaCO3 Surface
Authors: Plank Johann , Bassioni Ghada
Published: February 2015

The adsorption behavior of benzoate, citrate, tartrate and glutamate on calcite dispersed in water was studied. At r. t. and pH = 9, the molar amount of substrate adsorbed decreases with increasing number of carboxylic groups in the molecule. Thus, monofunctional benzoate adsorbs in significantly higher molar amounts than trifunctional citrate. A more alkaline environment (pH = 12.5) has almost no effect on the adsorption behavior whereas a temperature increase, particularly from 40 to 60 °C, results in notably lower adsorbed amounts except for benzoate. Enthalpy changes determined by applying a modified Clausius-Clapeyron equation indicate a slightly exothermic benzoate adsorption process, whereas adsorption of citrate, tartrate and glutamate represents an endothermic, entropy-driven process. Zeta potential measurements conducted with highly concentrated CaCO3 suspensions (water/CaCO3 = 0.413) containing 0 - 100 mmol substrate/m2 confirm that the adsorption of substrates with a higher number of carboxylic groups and a higher anionic charge results in a particularly negative surface charge on CaCO3.
One-pot, Three-component Synthesis of 7H-[1,3,4]Thiadiazolo[ 3,2-a]pyridines from 2-Phenacyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazole Derivatives and Arylmethylene-cyanoacetic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Hashmi Imran Ali , Frey Wolfgang , Ivanovc Ivo C. , Kantlehner Willi
Published: February 2015

Generally, arylmethylene-cyanoacetic acid derivatives react with enols and aromatic or heteroaromatic hydroxy compounds to afford 2-amino-4H-pyran derivatives of type 6. In contrast, a ring closure with the nitrogen atom of the thiadiazole ring occurs when 2-phenacyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (1a - d) act on derivatives of arylmethylene-cyanoacetic acid giving rise to the formation of 7H- [1,3,4]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine derivatives 5a - r. The same products are obtained if 2-phenacyl-1,3,4- thiadiazoles react with aromatic or heteroaromatic aldehydes and cyanoacetic acid derivatives. The constitution of the novel compounds 5 has been confirmed by an X-ray analysis of 5a.
Benzopyran-4-one Derivatives from the Fungus Ganoderma applanatum
Authors: Wang Fei , Dong Ze-Jun , Liu Ji-Kai
Published: February 2015

Two new benzopyran-4-one derivatives, applanatins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the fungus Ganoderma applanatum (Ganodermataceae), along with one known analogue, ganoderma aldehyde (3), as well as four known ganoderenic acids. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The partial assignments of the NMR spectra of 3 were also revised.
Synthese von Fluorsilylenolaten, Aminosilylenolaten, -ethern und Aldolkondensaten/Synthesis of Fluorosilylenolates, Aminosilylenolates, -ethers, and Aldol Condensates
Authors: Büschen Thomas , Dietz Wibke , Klingebiel Uwe , Noltemeyer Mathias , Schwerdtfeger Yvonne
Published: February 2015

Depending on the reaction conditions, ketones react with n-BuLi, tert-BuLi or lithium diisopropylamide to give enolates or alcoholates. In the reaction of tert-butylmethylketone with n-BuLi followed by fluorosilanes, the fluorosilyl-enolates H2C=C(O-SiFRR′)CMe3 (1 - 4) and fluorosilylethers Me3C(CH3)(n-C4H9)C-O-SiFRR′ (5 - 8) [R,R′ = Me (1, 5); F, CMe3 (2, 6); F, C6H5 (3, 7); F, CHMe2 (4, 8)] are formed. Using tert-butylmethylketone, n-BuLi and (Me3C)2SiF2, isobutene and the fluorosilyl-enolate of acetaldehyde H2C=CH-O-SiF(CMe3)2 (9) are obtained. Diisopropylketone reacts with Me3CLi and fluorosilanes to give the fluorosilyl-enolates Me2C=C(O-SiFRR′)CHMe2 (10, 11) and -ethers,Me3C(Me2HC)2C-O-SiFRR′ (12, 13) [R,R′ = Me (10, 11); F, CMe3 (12, 13)] whereas only the silylethers R(Me)(C6H5)C-O-SiFRR′ [R, R′, R′′ = n-C4H9, Me, Me (14); C6H5, F, Me (15)] are generated in the reaction of H3C(C6H5)C=O with lithium-alkyls and fluorosilanes. 1- Di(tert-butyl)fluorosiloxy-1-cyclohexene (16) is the product of the reaction of lithiated cyclohexanone and (Me3C)2SiF2. A side reaction of the enolate formation is often a condensation releasing water. For that reason, acyclic and cyclic siloxanes may appear as by-products, e. g. disiloxane (17) using (Me3C)2SiF2, cyclotrisiloxane (Me3C(C6H5)Si-O)3 (18) using Me3(C6H5)SiF2, or cyclotetrasiloxane (Me3CSiF-O)4 (19) using Me3CSiF3 in these reactions. Attempts to prepare the enolate of cyclopentanone in the reaction with lithium diisopropylamide lead to the formation of 2,5-dicyclopentylidenepentanone (20). The 3,5,7-triphenyl-3-methyl-4,6-hexadienephenone (21) is an aldol condensate of Me(C6H5)CO. Lithium-tert-butylmethylenolate reacts with fluorosilyl-enolates 1 - 3 or SiF4 to give bis(enolato)silanes, (H2C=C(CMe3)O-)2SiRR′ [R, R′ = Me (22); F, CMe3 (23); F, C6H5 (24);] and the tris(enolato)silanes (H2C=C(CMe3)O-)3SiR [R = C6H5 (25); F (26)]. Aminosilyl-enolates H2C=C(O-SiR′R′′-NHR)CMe3 are obtained in reactions of fluorosilyl-enolates with lithium amide [27: R= CMe3, R′= Me, R′′= Me; 28: R= C6H5, R′= F, R′′= CMe3;]. Results of the crystal structure determinations of 17, the cis-isomer of 18, one trans-isomer of 19, the pentanone 20, and the hexadienephenone 21 are reported.
Einige Phosphidhalogenide des Lanthans und verwandte Verbindungen/ Some Phosphide Halides of Lanthanum and Related Compounds
Authors: Oeckler Oliver , Mattausch Hansjürgen , Simon Arndt
Published: February 2015

The pnictide halides La2I2P, La2I2As, La2I2Sb, La2Br2P and Y2Br2P have been synthesized from lanthanum and yttrium, red phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony, respectively, and the corresponding metal trihalides. Their structures contain close-packed metal atom double layers with pnicogen atoms in the octahedral voids. These layers are sandwiched by halogen atom layers. The compounds crystallize in the trigonal 1T-type with one sandwich-like layer per unit cell, or in the rhombohedral 3R-type with three layers per unit cell. Polytypism and twinning have been observed. For 3R-La2I2P, conductivity measurements have shown metallic behaviour
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Hg2V8O20 – the First Ternary Mercury Vanadate with Mixed-valent Vanadium (IV/V)
Authors: Weil Matthias , Stöger Berthold , Wessels Annemarie L. , Jeitschko Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

Black needle-shaped single crystals of Hg2V8O20 were obtained by heating amorphous precipitates resulting from mixing aqueous solutions of HgNO3OH and NH4VO3 (Hg :V ratios between 1 : 2.0 and 1 : 2.5) in evacuated silica ampoules at 450 °C for two weeks. Their crystal structure was determined from single crystal diffractometer data [C2/m, Z = 2, a = 22.375(1), b = 3.6312(2), c = 9.6113(4) Å, β = 91.708(5)°, R[F2 ≥ 2σ (F2)] = 0.0681, 807 F2 values, 61 variable parameters]. Two of the four independent vanadium atoms are surrounded by six close oxygen atoms whereas the other two have five oxygen neighbors. These coordination polyhedra share edges and corners resulting in puckered layers with an overall composition [V4O10]− extending parallel to (100). The layers are linked by Hg2
2+ dumbbells (d(Hg-Hg) = 2.510(2) Å) with a short Hg-O distance of 2.13(2) Å(∠(O9−Hg-Hg) = 173.8(5)°). Although Hg2V8O20 crystallizes in a new structure type, it resembles the structures of other layered vanadium oxides with open frameworks and can be classified as being of the Q-UD-type. The near-neighbor environments of the four vanadium positions of this reduced vanadate with an average oxidation number of +4.75 of the vanadium atoms are similar with respect to V-V bonding and it is suggested that the vanadium atoms have delocalized V-V bonding with intermediate valence.
New Indium-rich Indides SrTIn4 (T = Ni, Pd, Pt)
Authors: Muts Ihor , Zaremba Vasyl’ I. , Baran Volodymyr V. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: February 2015

The indium-rich indides SrTIn4 (T = Ni, Pd, Pt) were synthesized from the elements by arcmelting and subsequent annealing at 670 K (SrNiIn4) or by induction melting in sealed tantalum tubes. The three samples were investigated by powder and single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: YNiAl4-type, space group Cmcm, a = 448.1(1), b = 1707.3(3), c = 732.6(1) pm, wR2 = 0.067, 717 F2 values for SrNiIn4, a = 454.7(2), b = 1708.8(4), c = 750.1(2) pm, wR2 = 0.056, 746 F2 values for SrPdIn4, and a = 455.6(2), b = 1706.4(9), c = 748.7(4) pm, wR2 = 0.055, 508 F2 values for SrPtIn4 with 24 variables per refinement. The transition metal and indium atoms build up complex threedimensional [TIn4] polyanionic networks in which the strontium atoms fill distorted hexagonal channels. The indium atoms show distorted bcc indium cubes with short In-In distances as substructures within the [TIn4] networks. Each transition metal atom has seven nearest indium neighbors: 257 - 275 pm Ni-In in SrNiIn4 and 267 - 281 pm Pd-In and Pt-In in SrPdIn4 and SrPtIn4, respectively.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Potency of 4-Methyl-2,7-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,10- hexahydropyrido[2,3-ƒ]quinoxaline-8-carboxylic acid, Selected [a]-Fused Heterocyles and Acyclic Precursors
Authors: Al-Hiari Yusuf M. , Qaisia Ali M. , Shuheil Mohammad Y.Abu , El-Abadelah Mustafa M. , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

The reaction of 7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-nitro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (7) with each of sarcosine and (±)-pipecolinic acid afforded the corresponding N-(4- oxoquinolin-7-yl)-α-amino acids 8 and 9. Reductive lactamization of the latter with sodium dithionite gave hexahydropyrido[2,3- f ]quinoxaline (10) and octahydrodipyrido[1,2-a : 2,3- f ]quinoxaline (11) derivatives, respectively. Compounds 8 - 11 and their homologs 1 - 6, accessible from (S)-proline, (2S, 4R)-4-hydroxyproline and (S)-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid exhibit good to excellent antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus.
Synthesis of New β-Lactam Analogs and Evaluation of Their Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Activity
Authors: Oh Seikwan , Jung Jae-Chul , Avery Mitchell A.
Published: February 2015

A simple synthesis of the β -lactams 11 - 13 and 16 - 17 as novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is described. The key synthetic strategies involved the O-alkylation of 6-APA and the coupling reactions of freshly prepared N-carbobenzyloxy-L-prolines 5 and 6 and 6-aminopenicillanates 8 - 10 and 15 in high yields. It was found that all compounds show potent growth inhibitory activity on human tumor cell lines, the most potent compound 16 exhibiting an IC50 = 2.1 μM in vitro.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Tetranuclear Zinc(II) Complex with P,P'-Diphenylmethylenediphosphinate (pcp) and 2,2'-Bipyridine (2,2'-bipy) Ligands
Authors: Ienco Andrea , Midollini Stefano , Orlandini Annabella , Costantino Ferdinando
Published: February 2015

A new tetranuclear complex of zinc(II) with P,P′-diphenylmethylenediphosphinate and 2,2′- bipyridine ligands was synthesized. [(pcp)(2,2′-bipy)Zn (μ3-pcp)Zn (2,2′-bipy)]2 · 6H2O was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffractometry. The structure consists of tetranuclear complexes connected through water hydrogen-bonding interactions in corrugated 2D layers. Two crystallographically independent zinc ions are in a distorted five-coordinate environment, being surrounded by three oxygen atoms of phosphinate groups (from two pcp ligands) and by two bipy nitrogen donors. Of the two independent pcp anions the first one utilizes all of its oxygen donors to coordinate one metal as bidentate and two metal atoms as a monodentate ligand, whereas the second one is only bidentate for one metal atom.
A Quantum Chemistry Approach to the Force Fields of the Thionyl and Selenyl Halides, SOX2 and SeOX2
Authors: Fernández Lis E. , Varetti Eduardo L.
Published: February 2015

Force fields and vibrational frequencies were calculated for the molecules SOX2 and SeOX2, with X = F, Cl, Br, using DFT techniques. The previously available experimental data and assignments for the six molecules were confirmed by the theoretical results. These data were subsequently used in the definition of the corresponding scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) force fields. A comparison of the obtained internal force constants is made with results reported by other authors for the studied species.
Synthesis and Structure of Sr2Pd2In and Sr2Pt2In
Authors: Muts Ihor , Nilges Tom , Rodewalda Ute Ch. , Zaremba Vasyl’ I. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: February 2015

The new intermetallic compounds Sr2Pd2In and Sr2Pt2In were synthesized from the elements in sealed tantalum tubes in a water-cooled sample chamber of an induction furnace. Both indides crystallize with the HT-Pr2Co2Al-type structure: C2/c, a = 1048.7(2), b = 603.5(2), c = 830.6(1) pm, β = 103.68(2)°, wR2 = 0.0492, 743 F2 values for Sr2Pd2In; a = 1026.8(2), b = 599.0(1), c = 830.3(2) pm, β = 103.17(1)°, wR2 = 0.0666, 885 F2 values for Sr2Pt2In with 25 variables per refinement. The shortest interatomic distances occur for the Pd-In (Pt-In) and Pd-Pd (Pt-Pt) contacts. The strontium atoms are embedded in complex three-dimensional polyanionic networks of compositions [Pd2In] and [Pt2In].
Ternary Scandium-rich Indides Sc50T13In3 and Sc50Rh13In3Oy (T = Rh, Ir; y ≈ 8) – Synthesis and Crystal Structure
Authors: Zaremba Roman , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: February 2015

New intermetallic compounds Sc50Rh13.3In2.7 and Sc50Ir13.6In2.4 and the suboxides Sc49.2Rh13In3.8O8.8 and Sc49.2Rh13.7In2.8O8.0 were synthesized from the elements or with Sc2O3 as an oxygen source, respectively, in sealed tantalum tubes in a water-cooled sample chamber of an induction furnace. They crystallize with a new cubic structure type, space group Fm3̅, a = 1772.5(6) pm, wR2 = 0.032, 1111 F2 values, 34 variables for Sc50Rh13.3In2.7, a = 1766.5(6) pm, wR2 = 0.041, 745 F2 values, 34 variables for Sc50Ir13.6In2.4, a = 1764.4(2) pm, wR2 = 0.044, 690 F2 values, 41 variables for Sc49.2Rh13In3.8O8.8, and a = 1761.5(6) pm, wR2 = 0.054, 740 F2 values, 42 variables for Sc49.2Rh13.7In2.8O8.0. The main structural motifs are rhodium-centered indium cubes in an fcc like arrangement in which the octahedral and tetrahedral voids are filled by In2Sc12 and In1Sc12 icosahedra, respectively, resembling a Li3Bi-like structure. The Rh1 (Ir1) and Sc4 atoms lie between these polyhedral units. The oxygen atoms partially fill Sc6 octahedra in Sc49.2Rh13In3.8O8.8 and Sc49.2Rh13.7In2.8O8.0 with Sc-O distances of 214 - 230 pm. These octahedra are condensed via common edges and faces, encapsulating the In2Sc12 icosahedra. Due to the high scandium content one observes strong Sc-Sc bonding with Sc-Sc distances ranging from 303 to 362 pm in Sc49.2Rh13In3.8O8.8. The shortest distances occur for Sc-Rh (267 - 295 pm). The crystal chemical relationship with the Li3Bi-related suboxide Ti12Sn3O10 is discussed.
Transition Metal-centered Trigonal Prisms as BuildingUnits in RE14T3In3 (RE = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu; T = Pd, Ir, Pt) and Y4IrIn
Authors: Zaremba Roman , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: February 2015

The indides RE14T3In3 (RE = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu; T = Pd, Ir, Pt) and Y4IrIn were synthesized from the elements by arc-melting and subsequent annealing for crystal growth. Their structures were characterized on the basis of X-ray powder and single crystal data: Lu14Co3In3-type, space group P42/nmc, a = 970.2(1), c = 2340.7(5) pm for Y13.95Pd3In3.05, a = 959.7(1), c = 2309.0(5) pm for Ho14Pd2.95In3, a = 955.5(1), c = 2305.1(5) pm for Er14Pd3In3, a = 950.9(1), c = 2291.6(5) pm for Tm13.90Pd3In3.10, a = 944.4(1), c = 2275.5(5) pm for Lu13.93Pd3In3.07, a = 962.9(1), c = 2343.0(5) pm for Y13.86Ir2.97In3.02, a = 967.6(1), c = 2347.8(5) pm for Y13.92Pt3.05In2.91, and Gd4RhIn-type, space group F 4̅3m, a = 1368.6(2) pm for Y4IrIn. The main structural motifs are transition metal-centered trigonal prisms of the rare earth elements which are condensed to twodimensional networks in the RE14T3In3 indides and to a three-dimensional one in Y4IrIn. The indium atoms in both structure types show segregation in the metal-rich matrix, i. e. In2 dumbbells in the RE14T3In3 indides (309 pm In2-In2 in Y13.86Ir2.97In3.02) and In4 tetrahedra (322 pm In-In) in Y4IrIn. The crystal chemical peculiarities of both structure types are discussed.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of CePtZn
Authors: Mishra Ratikanta , Hermes Wilfried , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: February 2015

The intermetallic compound CePtZn was synthesized from the elements in a sealed tantalum tube by induction melting and structurally characterized by powder and single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: TiNiSi-type, space group Pnma, a = 706.89(19), b = 435.08(15), c = 809.71(16) pm, wR2 = 0.0385, 404 F2 values and 20 variables. The platinum and zinc atoms build up a three-dimensional network of condensed distorted PtZn4/4 tetrahedra with Pt-Zn distances in the range 268 - 273 pm. The cerium atoms fill channels within the [PtZn] network. CePtZn shows Curie-Weiss behavior in the temperature range from 75 to 300 K with μeff = 2.47 μB/Ce atom and θP = −18.7 K, indicating trivalent cerium. No magnetic ordering was detected down to 2 K.
Creating cellular diversity through transcription factor competition
Authors: Göttgens Berthold
Published: February 2015

The development of blood cells has long served as a model system to study the generation of diverse mature cells from multipotent progenitors. The article by Org et al (2015) reveals how transcription factor competition on primed DNA templates may contribute to embryonic blood cell specification during the early stages of mesoderm development. The study not only provides new insights into the functionality of the key haematopoietic transcription factor Scl/Tal1, but also provides a potentially widely applicable framework for transcription factor‐mediated cell fate specification.
A novel melanoma therapy stirs up a storm: ipilimumab-induced thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Yu Christine , Chopra Inder J , Ha Edward
Published: February 2015

Ipilimumab, a novel therapy for metastatic melanoma, inhibits cytotoxic T-lymphocyte apoptosis, causing both antitumor activity and significant autoimmunity, including autoimmune thyroiditis. Steroids are frequently used in treatment of immune-related adverse events; however, a concern regarding the property of steroids to reduce therapeutic antitumor response exists. This study describes the first reported case of ipilimumab-associated thyroid storm and implicates iopanoic acid as an alternative therapy for immune-mediated adverse effects. An 88-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma presented with fatigue, anorexia, decreased functional status, and intermittent diarrhea for several months, shortly after initiation of ipilimumab – a recombinant human monoclonal antibody to the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4). On arrival, she was febrile, tachycardic, and hypertensive with a wide pulse pressure, yet non-toxic appearing. She had diffuse, non-tender thyromegaly. An electrocardiogram (EKG) revealed supraventricular tachycardia. Blood, urine, and stool cultures were collected, and empiric antibiotics were started. A computed tomography (CT) angiogram of the chest was negative for pulmonary embolism or pneumonia, but confirmed a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland, which prompted thyroid function testing. TSH was decreased at 0.16 μIU/ml (normal 0.3–4.7); free tri-iodothyronine (T3) was markedly elevated at 1031 pg/dl (normal 249–405), as was free thyroxine (T4) at 5.6 ng/dl (normal 0.8–1.6). With iopanoic acid and methimazole therapy, she markedly improved within 48 h, which could be attributed to lowering of serum T3 with iopanoic acid rather than to any effect of the methimazole. Ipilimumab is a cause of overt thyrotoxicosis and its immune-mediated adverse effects can be treated with iopanoic acid, a potent inhibitor of T4-to-T3 conversion.

Learning points

While ipilimumab more commonly causes autoimmune thyroiditis, it can also cause thyroid storm and clinicians should include thyroid storm in their differential diagnosis for patients who present with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Immune-related adverse reactions usually occur after 1–3 months of ipilimumab and baseline thyroid function testing should be completed before initiation with ipilimumab.

Conflicting data exist on the use of prednisone for treatment of CTLA4 adverse effects and its attenuation of ipilimumab's antitumor effect. Iopanoic acid may be considered as an alternative therapy in this setting.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN ENTEROBACTERIACEAE STRAINS ISOLATED FROM CHICKEN AND MILK SAMPLES
Authors: Hleba LukÃ¡Å¡ , Petrová Jana , Kántor Attila , Čuboň Juraj , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: February 2015

Antibiotic resistance and identification of strains in Enterobacteriaceae genera isolated from milk, milk products and rectal swabs of chicken was examined in this experiment. After samples collection cultivation and identification of bacterial strain was done. MALDI TOF MS Biotyper for identification of Enterobacteriaceae strains was used. For susceptibility testing disc diffusion methodology was used according by EUCAST. Results showed high level of ampicillin resistance in isolates from milk and milk samples. The highest streptomycin resistance was detected in isolates from rectal swabs of chicken. After identification, we determined that S. enterica ser. Typhimurium, which was isolated from rectal swabs of chicken showed the most multi-resistance from all identificated strains of Enterobacteriaceae. The most isolates bacterial strain was E. coli, which showed resistance against four antibiotics from rectal swabs of chicken. Also our results showed that the higher resistance level is in rectal swabs of chicken like in milk samples.
IMPACT OF ANISE (PIMPINELLA ANISUM) AND MINT (MENTHA PIPERITA) ESSENTIAL OILS TO MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN CHICKEN MEAT
Authors: Kačániová Miroslava , Petrová Jana , Mellen Martin , Čuboň Juraj , Haščík Peter , Hleba LukÃ¡Å¡ , Terentjeva Margarita , Kunová5 Simona , Blaškovičová Henrieta
Published: February 2015

The goal of the present study was to evaluate fresh chicken thighs quality (microbiological and sensory) after treatment by ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), Pimpinella anisum L. and Mentha piperita essential oils in 1% concentration, stored under vacuum packaging (VP), at 4±0.5°C for a period of 16 days. The following treatments of chicken thighs were applied: air-packaged (AC, control samples), vacuum-packaged (VPC, control samples), vacuum-packed with EDTA solution 1.50% v/w (VPEC, control samples), VP with Pimpinella anisum L. and Mentha piperita essential oil at concentrations 0.1% v/w (VP+AEO and VP+MEO). The quality assessment of VP product after EDTA treatment, Pimpinella anisum L. and Mentha piperita oils was done by microbiological testing and the total viable counts, Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected. The using of Pimpinella anisum L. and Mentha piperita oils and EDTA with combination of vacuum packaging has significant effect (P < 0.05) to reduction of microorganisms compared with control group without vacuum packaging and untreated control group.
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF SLOVAK AND EUROPEAN HONEY
Authors: Kunová Simona , Kačániová Miroslava , Haščík Peter , Čuboň Juraj
Published: February 2015

The aim of the present study was to evaluate microbiological and chemical quality of honey from Slovakia, Czech Republic and Germany. Selected microbiological and chemical parameters were determined in 12 samples of honey. Total Viable Count (TVC), coliform bacteria (CB), microscopic filamentous fungi (MFF) moisture content and free acids were determined. Plate dilution method with individual culture conditions was used for microorganisms cultivation. Moisture content was measured by refractometry and free acids content was determined by titration. The minimal value of TVC was 1.87 log CFU.g-1 (sample no. 11), maximal value of TVC in honey was 3.13 logCFU.g-1 (sample no. 7), average value of TVC was 2.52 log CFU.g-1 . Two samples were in accordance with Codex Alimentaius of SR (2009). Samples of honey were negative for coliform bacteria count. Four samples were negative for microscopic fungi count (sampes no. 2, 8, 9 and 11). Maximal value of microscopic fungi was 2.18 log CFU.g-1 in sample no. 5. Average value of microscopic fungi was 1.07 log CFU.g-1. The moisture content values ranged from 16.6 % (sample no. 1) to 20.6 % (no. 3). Sample no. 3 was not in accordance with requirements of Council Directive 2001/110. Average value of moisture content was 18.3 %. The minimal value of free acids was 12 meq.kg-1, maximal value was 42 meq.kg-1. The average value of free acids was 28.9 meq.kg-1.
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES USED IN THE CULTURE OF THE VINE ON THE VIABILITY OF THE YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE WINE IN CHRONOLOGICAL AGING
Authors: Owsiak Alina , Marchel Magdalena , Zyracka Ewa
Published: February 2015

Pesticides, used in culture, may induce oxidative stress by stimulation of free radicals production, what may result in lipid peroxidation, proteome damage, changes in DNA and RNA structures and disturbance of total antioxidative capacity in organisms’ cells. In disturbances caused by increase synthesis ROS (reactive oxygen species) or lack antioxidative defense that is in oxidative stress it is seen one of all causes of aging process. Chronological aging of baker’s and wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in liquid stationary culture is used as model of research on the aging process. As a result of aging changes take place in yeast cells which have physiological, genetic, metabolic and morphological character, what cause their death in consequence. Some scientists treat chronological yeast aging as analogy of fibroblasts aging of multicellular organisms, skeletal muscles or nerve cells. The aim of the experiment was to obtain the answer on question connected with toxicity effect two widely available pesticides in shape of trade preparation, used among other things in culture of grapevine Miedzian 50 WP (Cu 50WP) and Siarkol Extra 80 WP (S 80WP) on vitality of wine yeast in chronological aging. During research cells of wine yeast Tokay, which are used in production of white wines, and cells of Malaga strain, used in production of white and red wines, were applied. Yeast culture with pesticides supplementation in determined concentrations was conducted through seven days in YPG medium. At that time vitality of yeast cells was determined by the percentage of cells surviving, percentage of dead cells and culture density. Considerable influence on decreasing vitality of yeast cells in the process of aging showed S 80WP, what correlate with the increase of applied concentration in both example of Malaga and Tokay. Obtained results in application of Cu 50WP indicated lower toxicity in culture of both studied strains in comparison to the control. Our studies suggest that studied pesticides may cause the intensity of processes connected with cells aging.
MICROBIOLOGY OF RAW MATERIALS USED FOR CONFECTIONARY PRODUCTION
Authors: Petrová Jana , Juhaniaková Ä½ubomÃ­ra , Terentjeva Margarita , Kunová Simona , Blaškovičová Henrieta , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: February 2015

The aim of our study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of raw materials used for preparation of confectionery products. For microbiological evaluation total count of bacteria, mesophilic aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeast and microscopic filamentous fungi in samples of raw materials used in the manufacture and creams of confectionery products were detected. In addition to these groups of microorganisms the presence of pathogenic microorganisms Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus in creams was monitored. Products are assessed according to the limit values of the number of microorganisms defined in the Codex Alimentary of the Slovak Republic. For microbiological analysis of confectionery products, sampling of components of confectionary products and cream was carried out according to current health regulations and altogether 65 samples of components and creams were collected: 10 samples of raw materials sugar, 10 samples of flour, 10 samples of butter and 10 samples of eggs, 5 samples of butter yolk from cream-filled disposable bag without rum addition, 5 samples of butter yolk from cream-filled disposable bag with rum addition, 5 samples of cream-filled multiple use paid bag, 5 samples of cream-filled newly purchased paid bag, 5 samples of Venček corpus and 5 samples of the French cubes corpus. From raw material the highest TBC (2.65log CFU) was in flour, but the lowest in sugar (1.35 log CFU), the highest years counts was found on flour (2.42), but lowest in butter (1.18), while wasn’t in egg. In samples of creams and corpus were increased occurrence of yeast, coliform bacteria. Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus weren’t isolated from any tested sample.
CONTROL AND CANCEROUS TISSUES OF HUMAN STOMACH, SMALL INTESTINE AND LARGE INTESTINE - THE AVERAGE CONTENT OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM
Authors: Głogowska Marta , Kopańska Marta
Published: February 2015

Sodium and potassium regulate the total amount of water in the body and the transmission of sodium into and out of individual cells also plays a role in critical body functions. The movement of sodium is critical in generation of these electrical signals. Research was conducted on samples taken from women and men aged 20-90 years, derived from the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Samples were dried at 80ºC for 24 hours, and then increased temperature to 105ºC and dried for seven days until dry mass was obtained. All dry material of each sample was weighted and placed in a separate mineralization tubes and mixed with 1 cm3 of 65% HNO3 and heated at 105°C for 120 minutes in a thermostat-controlled digestion block, VELP Scientifica DK 20. Metals such as sodium and potassium were detected using FAAS method. The average content of sodium in patients diagnosed with stomach cancer is lower, than in healthy person. Indicate higher mean content of sodium in the control tissues of stomach (2151,730 μg•g-1d.m.), compared to a sodium content in tissues adjacent to the tumor (1813,958 μg•g-1d.m.) and tumor tissues (2029,442 μg•g-1d.m.). In the case of colon, control tissues have lower average content of sodium (2160,886 μg•g-1d.m.), than the tissues surrounding the tumor (3325,963 μg•g-1d.m.) and tumor tissues (3037,121 μg•g-1d.m.). The potassium level is higher in the control tissues of stomach (1428,993 μg•g-1d.m.), than in the tissues adjacent to the tumor (1091,544 μg•g-1d.m.) and tumor tissues (1220,471 μg•g-1d.m.). In the large intestine higher average content of potassium is characterized by tumor tissues (2307,234 μg•g-1d.m.) and tissues adjacent to the tumor (1712,779 μg•g-1d.m.), than control tissue (1389,703 μg•g-1d.m.). Comparing this relationship with data on potassium channels, it can be assumed that in the some case of malignant transformation in the colon, potassium channels also play a big role.
DECOLORISATION OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF SYNTHETIC DYES BY Lentinus polychrous Lév. CULTIVATED ON CASSAVA RHIZOME
Authors: Boonyarit Jirachaya , Promboon Amornrat , Nitayapat Nuttakan
Published: February 2015

Cassava rhizomes are left in fields after harvesting. This agricultural waste is rich in lignocellulosic material which is a substrate for white rot fungi. Disposal of synthetic dyes poses a problem to the environment and it needs to be addressed. The ability of Lentinus polychrous Lév., a white rot fungus, grown on the cassava rhizome chips, to decolorise three kinds of synthetic dye was studied. The effects of the initial moisture content of cassava rhizome used for fungal cultivation, the temperature during the decolorisation, and the pH of synthetic dye solution on the extent of decolorisation were investigated. The decolorisations of Reactive blue 49, Navy blue and Acid blue 62 were affected by the initial moisture content of cassava rhizome. The highest extents of decolorisation of these dyestuffs were observed when the fungus was cultivated at 70% initial moisture content. Temperatures of 30, 37 and 45oC did not alter the extent of decolorisation of the dyestuffs. The most extensive decolorisations of Reactive blue 49 and Acid blue 62 (anthraquinone dyes) were at pH 3.0 while that of Navy blue (azo dye) was at pH 7.0. Adsorption was the main mechanism of decolorisation of Navy blue. However, both enzymic degradation and adsorption were involved in the decolorisations of Reactive blue 49 and Acid blue 62.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF GLU-1 IN EUROPEAN WHEAT GENETIC RESOURCES AND VARIETIES
Authors: Kuťka Hlozáková TÃ­mea , Gregová Edita , Gálová Zdenka
Published: February 2015

The endosperm storage proteins of 108 European wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars have been fractionated by SDS – PAGE to determinate the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW – GS) composition. A total of twelve HMW – GS alleles, including 3 at the Glu – 1A, 7 at the Glu – 1B and 2 at the Glu – 1D loci, were revealed. HMW – GS null controlled by locus Glu – 1A, subunits 7+9 by Glu – 1B and 5+10 by Glu – 1D were predominated. However low frequented alleles such as 17+18, 7 and 20 were observed. Futhermore, other new alleles encoding HMW – GS at the locus Glu – 1B have been found in one of France cultivar (Bagou).
First record of Tantilla alticola (Boulenger, 1903) (Serpentes: Colubridae) in Cauca state, Colombia, filling distribution gap and notes on natural history
Authors: Vera Pérez Luis Enrique , Zúñiga-Baos Jorge Alberto , Montingelli Giovanna Gondim
Published: February 2015

Three specimens of Tantilla alticola were collected from sector El Cóndor, Parque Nacional Natural Munchique, municipality of El Tambo, Cauca state, Colombia representing the first record in this state and filling the species’ geographical distribution through the western slope of the western cordillera of the Colombian Andes.
New records of Peperomia armondii Yunck, Peperomia hispidula (Sw.) A. Dietr., and Peperomia mandioccana Miq. for the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Sarnaglia Junior Valderes Bento , De Lírio Elton John , Freitas Joelcio , Guimarães Elsie Franklin
Published: February 2015

We present here the first record of Peperomia armondii, P. hispidula and P. mandioccana for the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Taxonomic comments, a distribution map and images of these species are presented.
Inventory and conservation priorities for amphibian species from Cerro Verde (Rocha, Uruguay) and surroundings
Authors: Bardier Cecilia Inés , Maneyro Raúl Eduardo
Published: February 2015

Cerro Verde Protected Area, on the coast of Uruguay, serves mainly to protect the marine fauna, which has charismatic species including marine turtles and dolphins. However, the terrestrial portion of this area has the conditions for hosting a great diversity of amphibians. The aims of this study were to build the inventory of amphibians from Cerro Verde, to assess its completeness and to compare it with the inventory constructed from historical records. Acoustic surveys were conducted monthly from 2007 to 2009 at 16 water bodies of the area. Nineteen species were found during this sampling period; the accumulation curve of richness showed an asymptotic pattern, indicating the completeness of the inventory. However, species previously collected in the area were not found during this study, suggesting a loss of diversity in the last decades.
Patera appressa (Say, 1821), an introduced land snail in Ontario, Canada (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Polygyridae)
Authors: Forsyth Robert G. , Oldham Michael J. , Schueler Frederick W.
Published: February 2015

The geographic distribution and habitat of Patera appressa (Say, 1821) in Canada are described. This is a North American land snail native to the southern Appalachians but it has been known, since 1994, from a cluster of sites in Trenton, City of Quinte West, Ontario, where it is presumably introduced. It may no longer be extant at any of the known Ontario sites.
Synthesis of Nanostructured Antimony Telluride for Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Zhao Yichen , Sugunan Abhilash , Muhammed Mamoun , Toprak Muhammet S.
Published: February 2015

Thermoelectric (TE) materials have been studied during past decades since they can generate electricity directly from waste heat. Antimony chalcogenides (Sb2M3, M = S, Se, Te) are well known as one of the promising candidates among the inorganic TE materials. We report on the synthesis of Sb2Te3 nanoparticle via thermolysis method. A systematic study was done to investigate the effect of reaction time and ratio between the precursors as well as the method of cooling on the morphology and composition of obtained nanoparticles. The ratio between precursors was varied to study the effect on the morphology. Furthermore, the high purity phase Sb2Te3 was obtained by a rapid cooling process.
Kinetics of L10 Long-Range Ordering in FePd Thin Film
Authors: Issro Chaisak , Pierron-Bohnes Véronique , Pueschl Wolfgang , Kozubski Rafal , Pfeiler Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

Due to their high magnetic anisotropy, L10-ordered intermetallics when ferromagnetic bear a potential as high density magnetic recording materials. In their case the c-axis of the tetragonally distorted structure is the easy axis of magnetization. We present preliminary results on the details of ordering kinetics on FePd films (thickness 100 nm) epitaxially co-deposited on MgO substrates. From the observation of so called ‘order-order relaxations’ during isothermal small-step anneals monitored by residual electrical resistivity (REST) measurement we determine an ordering activation energy of about 2.4 eV, which is somewhat below the value of 2.7 eV obtained in a previous investigation on bulk material.
Injection Molding of Polymers and Polymer Composites: Process Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Wang K.K.
Published: February 2015

For efficient and economic production of discrete parts with any material, it is always desirable to obtain the final product using one process alone, without secondary operations. This is called “net-shape” manufacturing. Injection molding is perhaps the best net-shape manufacturing process for materials that can be handled by this method. For polymers and some of their composites, injection molding can mass produce high-precision parts with complex geometry at very low cost. In engineering applications, some injection-molded plastic parts of intricate shape with tight tolerance can be snap-fitted together for easy assembly, while others can achieve extremely high quality to meet the optical functional requirements for such parts as optical lenses and information-storage disks.

Since the oil crisis in the early 1970s, the use of polymers as an engineering material has been rapidly increasing to improve energy efficiency for both the processes themselves and the final products. Plastics still constitute one of the world's fastest growing industries. Polymeric materials and their composites offer various desirable properties including high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, clarity, and others. Among all the polymer-processing methods, injection molding accounts for approximately one-third by weight of all the polymeric materials processed.
ANÁLISES DAS DESPESAS SOCIAIS DO GOVERNO FEDERAL NO PERÍODO DE 1988 A 2010.
Authors: Silva Maurício Corrêa da , Souza Fábia Jaiany Viana de , Araujo Aneide Oliveira , Silva José Dionísio Gomes da
Published: February 2015

Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo geral de analisar as variações das despesas sociais do Governo Federal, no período de 1988 a 2010. A metodologia envolveu as pesquisas descritiva, bibliográfica, quantitativa e qualitativa para testar as hipóteses que o Governo Federal tem aumentado os gastos com as despesas sociais por ocasião do incremento da arrecadação - realização de receitas e se existe preocupação do Governo Federal administrar tais despesas em relação às despesas totais. Os dados sobre as despesas (funções de governo) foram extraídos do sítio eletrônico da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN). Os resultados revelaram que a alocação de recursos para as despesas de educação e cultura, habitação e urbanismo e de defesa nacional e segurança pública não foram realizadas com base no incremento das receitas públicas (Aceita H0). Para as despesas de saúde e saneamento, trabalho e assistência e previdência social, as variações de 37,90%, 39,94% e 73,66%, respectivamente, podem ser explicadas pelas variações (incremento) das receitas totais e existe preocupação do Governo Federal administrar tais despesas em relação às despesas totais (Aceita H1).Palavras-chave: Constituição Federal, Direitos sociais, Despesas sociais, Variações.
COMPORTAMENTO ESTATÍSTICO DO GRAU DE ACIDEZ DAS CHUVAS NA CIDADE DE NATAL/RN PELA DISTRIBUIÇÃO GAUSSIANA
Authors: Lopes Daniel Pereira , Alves Adriano Eduardo Lívio , Souza Maria Rosimar , Silva Fernando Moreira
Published: February 2015

O conhecimento do comportamento do grau de acidez da precipitação pluviométrica torna-se relevante para as ciências de cunho ambiental, especialmente à Geografia, que busca entender os fenômenos provenientes da interação homem-atmosfera-paisagem. Assim, o artigo objetiva analisar o comportamento estatístico do grau de acidez das chuvas na cidade de Natal/RN. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados pluviométricos coletados na Estação Climatológica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte/UFRN no período de 14/12/2005 a 25/08/2006, tendo como coordenadas geográficas: latitude 05°55' Sul e longitude de 35°12' Oeste, com uma altitude de 48,62 metros. Ao término de cada evento chuvoso, foi realizada a medição do pH da amostra utilizando um phgâmetro portátil de marca WTW modelo 330i com resolução de ± 0, 003, calibrado anteriormente a cada medição. Como método de análise fez-se uso da estatística descritiva (tendência central e dispersão) e da estatística probabilística (Distribuição de Gauss). Os resultados mostraram que a concentração do pH da precipitação pluviométrica de Natal/RN, apresenta uma média de 5,914, com coeficiente de variação de 8%, encontra-se em níveis preocupantes, pois, a taxa de concentração está abaixo dos limites que segundo a Resolução do CONAMA 357/2005.