bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removing of the Administrative Barriers in the Economy (the Conditions and Possibilities of Global Institutional Transformation)
Authors: Kryuchkova P.
Published: March 2019

The existing trend to increase the administrative barriers in Russia is analyzed in the article. The factors of stable reproduction of the administrative barriers and the possibilities of their destruction are examined. The general institutional approach to overcoming administrative barriers is formulated. The recommendations for the debureaucratization policy are elaborated on the basis of the analysis of formal procedures and regulation forms and instruments in Australia.
Basic Issues of Contemporary Economic Theory (Proceedings of the All-Russia Symposium, September 2003)
Authors: Tatarkin A. , Popov Y.
Published: March 2019

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On Mechanisms of Realization of the Public Procurement of Construction Works (The Case of Road Const ruction)
Authors: Dementiev A. , Zolotareva A. , Reus A.
Published: March 2019

The most important measures stimulating the increase of efficiency and effectiveness of budget expenditures on road construction are the improvement of pricing mechanisms and increasing efficiency of the procedures of government purchases of goods, works and services. The paper includes the analysis of main problems that arise in the process of government purchases and construction pricing with the reference to budget expenditure on road construction. It includes the review and analysis of international experience and possible measures of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of government purchases and (road) construction pricing in Russia.
Eurasian "Theory of Economy Management" as an Organic Part of the Russian Economic School
Authors: Voeykov M.
Published: March 2019

The original version of "the theory of economy management", developed in the 1920s by Russian economists-emigrants who called themselves "Eurasians" (N. Trubetskoy, P. Savitskiy, etc.) is analyzed in the article. They considered this theory to be the basis of the original Russia's way of economic development. The Eurasian theory of economy management focuses on two sides of enterprise activity: managerial as well as social and moral. The Eurasians accepted the Soviet economy with the large share of state regulation as the initial step of development. On the other hand they paid much attention to the private sector activity. Eurasians developed a theoretical model of the mixed economy which can be attributed as the Russian economic school.
National Wealth and Human Capital
Authors: Nesterov L. , Ashirova G.
Published: March 2019

The article is critically considering a contemporary broadened concept of national wealth and increasing role of human capital in it. The authors are shareing this concept and have experimentally estimated national wealth for Russia and other CIS countries as well as for some important groups of countries and the world at the beginning of the 21st century.
Social Policy in Post-socialist Society: Tasks, Contradictions, Mechanisms. Collective works. Ed. by K.I. Mikul'sky
Authors: Kapustin E.
Published: March 2019

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Conditions for the Hi-tech Complex Development
Authors: Maevsky V. , Kuzyk B.
Published: March 2019

A project for the long-term strategy of Russian break-through into post-industrial society is suggested which is directed at transformation of the hi-tech complex into the leading factor of economic development. The thesis is substantiated that there is an opportunity to realize such a strategy in case Russia shifts towards the mechanism of the monetary base growth generally accepted in developed countries: the Central Bank increases the quantity of "strong" money by means of purchasing state securities and allocates the increment of money in question according to budget priorities. At the same time for the realization of the said strategy it is necessary to partially restore savings lost during the hyperinflation period of 1992-1994 and default of 1998 and to secure development of the bank system as well as an increase of the volume of long-term credits on this base.
Economic and Political Results of 2002 and the Problems of Economic Policy at the Election Year
Authors: Mau V.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the trends and priorities of social and economic policy of Russia in 2002-2003. It presents the detailed analysis of the current debate on economic growth in the country. The author stresses two important facets of contemporary growth. First, the importance of profound structural changes and development of post-industrial economic system. Second, the specifics of post-revolutionary development which means high level of transaction costs and diminishing rate of "reconstruction growth". The problems of WTO accession and Common European Economic Area are discussed also from the prospects of consolidation of economic growth. The influence of the forthcoming elections on the economic policy is also under discussion. The paper provides a list of economic policy priorities for 2003 and for the medium-term (3-4 years).
Forming Trade Specialization of Kaliningrad Region
Authors: Lamand V. , Vinokurov E.
Published: March 2019

The objective of the paper is to give a more accurate economic image of Kaliningrad Oblast in terms of its trade both with foreign countries and with mainland Russia. Starting with detailed calculations and analysis, the authors come to the conclusions of a high degree of trade openness, utmost importance and positive dynamics of trade with Russian regions, specific intermediary role of Kaliningrad in Russian-European trade, and ongoing active formation of the regional trade specialization.
Monetary Factor in Economic Integration of the CIS Countries
Authors: Petrakov N. , Shagalov G.
Published: March 2019

On the basis of experienсe of international regional economic unions the authors prove the necessity of monetary cooperation among the CIS countries as a precondition of development of economic integration in the CIS. Basic principles of the concept of monetary and financial cooperation of the CIS countries developed at the Institute of Market Problems of RAS are discussed. The authors propose a new system of multilateral payments and settlements among the CIS countries in order to enhance their mutual economic cooperation.
New Varangians (Russian Diaspora in the Baltic States)
Authors: Simonyan R. , Kochegarova T.
Published: March 2019

The article contains a comparative analysis of the economic potential of the Russian minority national groups abroad. The advantages of the Russian diaspora in the Baltic states compared with Russian diasporas in the West and the CIS countries are discussed. A conclusion is made on the base of sociological data that a new subethnos, Baltic "Eurorussians", can play a significant role in Russia's economic development.
Transformation of Forms of Property in Azerbaijan: The Results of the First Privatization
Authors: Ibadoglu (Bayramov) G.
Published: March 2019

The results of realization of the first privatization program are analyzed from two points of view: quantitative and qualitative. The efficiency of privatization is considered in different spheres. It is indicated that at the first stage of privatization its political and systemic goals were partially achieved, but economic and social ones seemed not to have been implemented. A number of conclusions aimed at further perfection of the process of privatization are formulated.
On Indicators of Economic Welfare
Authors: Ivanov Yu.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the issues of improvement of statistics of population welfare. This category has many aspects and for this reason a system of indicators is normally used for analysis. However, the lack of a single synthetic indicator of the level of living limits the analysis of social processes. In this connection the proposal to compute a new index of economic welfare put forward by two Canadian researches - L. Osberg and A. Sharpe - is discussed in the article.
Disproportions between Вanking System and Non-financial Sector Development in the Russian Economy
Authors: Baron L. , Zakharova T.
Published: March 2019

It's been shown that despite some improvements in the Russian banking sector, it's indicators have not achieved the pre-crisis level yet and can't be compared with similar indicators in other countries. Moreover, Russian banks' credit resources are insufficient if the growing tendency of exceeding outstanding credits' volume over corresponding banks' resources is taken into account. In the authors' opinion it can lead to incapability of the Russian banking system to satisfy the relevant credit demand of the non-financial corporate sector and cause a medium-term systemic banking crisis.
Public Choice Theory. A Textbook. Chapter 8. Political Systems. Separation of Powers. Problems of Federalism
Authors: Nureev R.
Published: March 2019

Different political systems are considered in the eighth chapter of the textbook. The characteristics of democratic and authoritarian forms of government are described. The stability of democracy under presidential and parliamentary systems is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of separation of powers are distinguished. Factors of stability of federal state are characterized. The chapter also includes further readings, control tests and questions.
Russian National Innovation System under Conditions of the "New Economy"
Authors: Gokhberg L.
Published: March 2019

The paper focuses on modernization of the Russian national innovation system under conditions of the emerging "new economy", determined by transformation of innovations, information technology and education into key factors of economic growth. Analysis of specifics of the S&T and innovation sector is provided from the viewpoint of its consistence with the requirements of the economy and society. Potential measures of its reforming are formulated, e.g. required institutional changes, reorganization of the public budget system, stimulation of technology commercialization and innovation activity.
Transition to Knowledge-intensive Growth in Russia
Authors: Kuznetsov Y.
Published: March 2019

The paper proposes a strategy to trigger knowledge-intensive growth based on a combination of bottom up and top down reforms. When both market and government failures are pervasive, institutional innovation (new ways of doing things and reach credible commitments) becomes paramount for growth and reform. The paper discusses entry points to trigger institutional innovation at a local level and proposes a mechanism of incremental self-reinforcing reform (bootstrapping). A three-stage approach to reform is proposed: top down reforms to enhance even playing field; a contest between regions to unleash institutional innovation; active federal industrial policy.
China: "A Bee Has a Stripy Back, but No One Can Call It a Tiger"
Authors: Guelbras V.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to verification of the Chinese GDP data. The author compares the rates of GDP growth with the rates of growth of energy consumption, transport turnover of goods, and numbers of projected and constructed objects in 1980-2000. The former was significantly lower during that period. He also analyses the level of using productive capacities and the quality of production. About 25-30% of industrial productive capacities are not used because there is neither national nor international demand for their low quality goods. The main conclusion of the article is that the Chinese GDP real size is about 20-30% less than official releases.
Does Russia Need Establishing Foreign Economic Intelligence Service?
Authors: Bobylov Yu.
Published: March 2019

The increasing role of foreign intelligence and industrial espionage in order to improve competitiveness of Russian business is noted in the article. In the author's view, Russia's WTO accession requires application of protective secret managing technologies. The establishment of a new Russian special service - the intelligence unit in the structure of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade is proposed which will be able to perform important functions under conditions of Russia's growing integration in the world economy.
Russia's Labor Market Model: What's Ahead?
Authors: Kapelushnikov R.
Published: March 2019

The paper outlines a specific model of the labor marker shaped in Russia in the "shock" 1990-s. Analysis reveals a striking contrast between its normative and positive characteristics. Though in terms of labor legislation this model seems rigid and sclerotic its actual functioning demonstrates surprisingly high degree of flexibility. This paradox is accounted for by prevalence of informal institutions, norms and practices and by inefficiency of enforcement mechanisms operating in the Russian labor market.
Sub-Federal Aspects of Globaization
Authors: Evstigneeva L. , Evstigneev R.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the problems of transition from the neo-liberal to the synergetic type of globalization. Against a background of this process, the most essential changes of the status of regions and municipalities in our country are considered. The authors conclude that Russia on the whole is necessarily to become one of the New Regionalisms.
Еnforcement of Property Rights and Conractual Obligations
Authors: Radygin A. , Entov R.
Published: March 2019

The paper deals with theoretical approaches to the problems of property rights and contractual obligations and with analysis of economic consequences of the imperfect enforcement system. In particular, the authors consider Russian experience in the sphere of corporate conflicts. Legal and practical recommendations related to the improvement of legal framework, judiciary reform, executory process and different federal and regional authorities are also presented.
On the Monitoring of the Savings Process
Authors: Kashin Yu.
Published: March 2019

The article considers the system of indicators of the savings process development in Russia. Dynamics and the structure of financial assets of the population and the savings quota in the framework of international comparisons are assessed. The methodology of the financial assets account under condition of transition to the system of national accounts is critically evaluated.
The Science of Modified Forms: Yesterday and Today
Authors: Oleinik A.
Published: March 2019

Reply to the article: Buzgalin A. Heuristic Potential of Political Economy of Socialism in the 21st Century (Voprosy Ekonomiki, 2003, No 3).
The Rule of Law and Freedom in Emerging Democracies: A Madisonian Perspective
Authors: Dorn J.
Published: March 2019

The basic principles of liberal constitutional order proposed by James Madison - the "chief architect" of the U.S. Constitution - are considered in the article. It is stressed that Madison rejected the idea of redistributive state (welfare state) and focused on the limits of government. The overriding principle of liberal order is freedom under the rule of law. The lesson for newly independent states is that spontaneous market-liberal order is needed to coordinate economic activity and the government must minimize its role in the economy. Freedom of choice lets people rise the wealth of nation.
Teaching Economics in Distant Form
Authors: Kleyeva L.
Published: March 2019

The article considers the problems of teaching economics and management in distant form. The necessity of using such a form is connected with the fact that practical managers and professional economists usually have no opportunities to leave their business for a long time. The distant form of education gives them a chance to combine education with their practical activities. Teaching economics in distant form implies certain methodological problems discussed in the article.
The Economy: Market or Mixed? (On the Book by A. Porokhovsky "The Vector of Economic Development")
Authors: Dzarasov S.
Published: March 2019

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Urgent Problems of the Russian Stock Market Development
Authors: Sizov Yu.
Published: March 2019

The article reviews the importance of a stock market as one of the key institutions of the advanced market economy. The author argues that the country will not be able to proceed to more mature phases of development until its securities market can perform its basic functions. Convincing arguments are put forward against the established views on the impossibility to overcome disadvantages of the market mechanism in today's Russia. The author substantiates recommendations for promoting investment orientation of the stock market and frames a new concept of its state regulation.
On the Problem of Rational Choice in Economics and Other Social Sciences
Authors: Ruzavin G.
Published: March 2019

Wide spreading of rational choice paradigm in economics puts forward the analysis of possibilities of its use in other social sciences. As a whole, it is applicable in every sphere where the choice takes place. However economic variables can be measured by value and therefore this discipline can use formal mathematical models. In other social sciences the use of formal models is more difficult. Hence the progress in social sciences may be achieved by constructing new mathematical models.
The Problem of Management in Philosophy of Economy
Authors: Toutov L.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the philosophical aspects of management. It is considered in the framework of philosophy of economy. The author analyses the problem of connection between subject and object, correlation among management and current picture of the world, management and freedom, the rule of personal approach in management, space and time aspects of management, rationality and irrationality in management. As a result the conclusion is made that the problem of management rationality is put differently in philosophy than in other social disciplines. Philosophy of economy understands management rationality as a part of incomplete, open, creative activity.
The Model of Network Capitalism
Authors: Oleynik A.
Published: March 2019

The object of the proposed analysis consists in economic transactions carried out in conditions of proximity (spatial, social, normative). Localization of social and economic contacts might have a traditional nature (for example, in the case of Russian obshchina), or it might result from a conscious, reasonable choice of economic agents. In the last case they protect themselves against unpredictable events of the risk society. A model of network capitalism based on both types of local transactions is proposed. The author review a series of concepts allowing to describe localized and personified relations. The only universal concept is that of networks: in it an emphasis is put on structural issues, so, one is able to compare different cases of local interactions. A series of network parameters is discussed. Special attention is paid to social and normative factors of market segmentation. The article considers the problems of teaching economics and management in distant form. The necessity of using such a form is connected with the fact that practical managers and professional economists usually have no opportunities to leave their business for a long time. The distant form of education gives them a chance to combine education with their practical activities. Teaching economics in distant form implies certain methodological problems discussed in the article.
Kondratieff N.D. Large Cycles of Conjuncture and the Theory of Foreseeing. Selected Works
Authors: Amosov A.
Published: March 2019

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Val'tukh K.K. Dynamics of Relative Prices. Theory. Statistical Studies
Authors: Egorova N.
Published: March 2019

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Price Risk Management Strategies (The Case of Export-oriented Enterprises)
Authors: Golembiovsky D. , Baryshnikov I.
Published: March 2019

During the period of reforms the majority of Russian raw materials manufacturers has been reoriented at the world markets. The prices of raw materials have high volatility that leads to export incomes' uncertainty. In the article self-insurance and hedging strategies are considered with the purpose of minimizing commodity price risk.
Forecasting Russian Stock Market Trends
Authors: Rozhkov A.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to investigating methods for forecasting long-term Russian stock market trends. The purpose of research is creation of the forecasting model capable of forming a reverse trend signal in the stock market. The index of trend forecasting constructed in the article includes different economic indicators and thus has high forecasting ability.
Legal Regulation at the Russian Labour Market
Authors: Kirichenko O. , Kudyukin P.
Published: March 2019

The labour legislation influence on the labour market situation is analysed in the article. The changes in legislation that took place in the transition period are considered as well as the Labour Code of the 2002. The authors show that the Russian labour legislation is characterized by excessive rigidity of the norms, which does not correspond with the current social and economic situation. The attempts to create high level of legal protection of the employees or their groups in many cases lead to worsening of their position at the labour market.
Outcomes and Lessons (on the book by J. Stiglitz "Globalization and Its Discontents")
Authors: Milner B.
Published: March 2019

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Industrial and Competition Policy: The Issue of Interrelation and Lessons for Russia
Authors: Avdasheva S. , Shastitko A.
Published: March 2019

The article considers the question of interrelation between industrial and competition policy, especially in transition economies such as Russia. Both the possibilities of complementarity and trade-off are indicated. The authors show how the interplay between industrial and competition policy depends on the stage of economic development and how it has changed over few last decades. Some conclusions are drawn about the optimal use of industrial and competition policy in today's Russia considering the complexity of the objectives of economic policy.
Transaction Costs, Economic Growth and Labor Supply
Authors: Malakhov S.
Published: March 2019

The paper presents the model of allocation of time within dispersion of current prices and under uncertainty of future prices. It is argued that, with a given wage rate and a chosen level of consumption, the individual maximizes savings as the function of time of search. As a result, when the wage rate is increased, the substitution effect is limited by higher prices of imperfect markets, and the income effect is limited by inferiority of consumption goods. The model discovers some differences of economic behavior of men and women. The level of development of an economy also changes the economic behavior, which in its turn contributes differently to economic growth.
Administrative Reform in the Beginning of the 1960s
Authors: Pyzhikov A.
Published: March 2019

The ambitious reorganization of management of the Soviet economy during N. Khrushchev's years is analyzed in the article. Party and state organs have been reorganized according to industrial principle. However duplication of administrative functions, bureaucratization of authorities, internal resistance of the party bodies did not allow that reform to affect positively rates of economic development. The reorganization was one of the reasons of N. Khrushchev's displacement from the post of the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
Convergence of Corporate Governance Models
Authors: Tretyakov M.
Published: March 2019

The article focuses on the analysis of the process of convergence of outsider and insider models of corporate governance. Chief characteristics of basic and intermediate systems of corporate governance as well as the changing role of its main agents are under examination. Globalization of financial and commodity markets, convergence of legal systems, an open exchange of ideas and information are the driving forces of the convergence of basic systems of corporate governance. However the convergence does not imply the unification of institutional environment and national institutions of corporate governance.
Knowledge on the Management of Knowledge
Authors: Kleiner G.
Published: March 2019

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Business Education in Russia: Current State and Perspectives (Substantial and Institutional Aspects)
Authors: Kuzminov Ya. , Filonovich S.
Published: March 2019

Specifics of business education as an important element of business infrastructure is considered in the article. Various models of managerial education and current situation in Russia in this field are discussed. Perspectives of Russian business education development are presented in the context of social and economical reforms, as well as potential difficulties that it may face.
Metropolises and Russia's Economic Development
Authors: Marchand P. , Samson I.
Published: March 2019

In 1991, when Russia opened again, the world became a global world, where the regions organised by metropolises turned into global economic players. According to the newest research, a metropolis is an urban centre of not less than a million of inhabitants, concentrating upper service and control functions, disseminating prosperity to its hinterland and acting as "commutator" with the world economy. Empirical evidence shows that the existence of one or a few metropolises is the important condition of the wealth and competitiveness of countries. The paper investigates the question whether the overcentralised and non-metropolised post-Soviet economic space could become a mighty global economic player. The transformation of some Russian big cities besides Moscow into real metropolises is required in that respect.
Russia in the World Investment Process
Authors: Bulatov A.
Published: March 2019

Russia's participation in the world investment process is quite original. With a very high savings rate the country spends a substantial part of savings on outward investment especially on capital flight which exceeds little inward investment. This situation is generated by defects of the national investment climate as well as by the previous accelerated privatization and liberal macroeconomic policy pursued so far.
Introduction of a Common Currency in the Union of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Ryabov B.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of introduction of a common currency in the Union of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The article discusses costs and benefits of the currency union and the existence of an optimal currency area between Russia and Belarus. Possible directions of the process of institutional integration are considered, description of state-of-the-art is presented, future prospects and current handicaps are analyzed.
Institutional Structure of Modern Russia: Evolutionary Modernization
Authors: Kirdina S.
Published: March 2019

The main idea of the paper is to explain the essence of transformation of the Russian economy on the basis of the new institutional matrices theory developed by the author. The paper focuses on the objective process of self-organization of socioeconomic structure on the given stage of Russia's development. It concludes that centralized regulation of the process of economic development will strengthen; at the same time, market elements will ever more actively be infused and spread; the result will be the expanded liberalization of market together with strong state regulation but acting under a more strict, flexible and committed system of state control.
Wage-levelling as an Element of the Russian Model of Management
Authors: Prokhorov A.
Published: March 2019

Wage-levelling is an essential part of the Russian management system. It has always existed in different forms at different periods and spheres in Russia's life. Wage-levelling is not connected with any psychological features of the Russian people: it was elaborated by population as an instrument of counteraction against state mobilizing efforts.
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Russia in the Present Time
Authors: Klimanov V. , Lavrov A.
Published: March 2019

The article considers the main changes in the intergovernmental fiscal relations in Russia in the beginning of the 2000s and current problems of the realization of the governmental Program of the Development of Fiscal Federalism in the Russian Federation till 2005. The experience of forming several funds for financial aid to sub-national budgets in the federal budget is examined, financial issues of the reform of federal relations and local self-government are analyzed.
Economic Growth and Information Technologies: Comparative Approach
Authors: Tsirel S.
Published: March 2019

On the basis of the correlation and factor analysis of the comparative statistics it is shown that the development of modern ICT is one of the major factors of economic growth. Interrelations between ICT and other factors of economic growth are displayed. The crucial dependence of ICT development on the purposeful state policy including not only legislative support of new economy but also the stimulation of innovations is shown. The principal cause of ICT influence on economic growth is that ICT becomes now the new language of business communication and the foundation of the modern business environment. ICT not only have raised productivity but they have also transformed the pattern of the world economy organization, created new standards of management and marketing, accelerated the process of introducing new goods and services, and brought different national economies closer. Lagging behind in ICT devalues Russia's achievements in science and technology, hinders both their popularizing and conversion into new technologies, which sharply reduces the country's competitiveness.
On Modern Scientific Assessment of the Economic Theory of Marx-Engels-Lenin (Ten Items for Reflection)
Authors: Kudrov V.
Published: March 2019

Substantive provisions of the Marx-Engels-Lenin economic theory in comparison with vital realities of XX century are critically considered in the article. Theories of surplus value, labor value, general law of capitalist accumulation, absolute and relative impoverishment of proletariat are examined. The author points to utopianism and inconsistency of Marx's theory and calls Russian economists for creation of new economic theory adequate to challenges of XXI century.
The Russian Innovation System: Problems of Development
Authors: Golichenko O.
Published: March 2019

The main modern problems of Russian NIS development are considered in the article. They concern manufacturing of goods and services, processes of knowledge production and knowledge transfer. Measures of economic policy directed at solution of these problems are offered. The basic point is made on creation of significant motivation of economic agents and the institutional environment that provides their interaction. The motivation must be directed at innovations in industry and scientific and applied activity oriented at creating innovation potential for industry in science engineering.
On Pivotal Economic Problems
Authors: Ershov M.
Published: March 2019

The article touches upon some of the important problems that face the Russian economy which need to be addressed in order to stimulate economic growth. Monetary instruments play an important role in creating the overall financial environment with some of the sectors (mortgage market, etc.) being a potential driving force behind the growth. Stable and growing economy in turn makes it possible to look more closely at the possibility of introducing the convertibility of the ruble.
New Policy of Russian Cooperation with IFO: Systemic Approach
Authors: Shkolyar N.
Published: March 2019

The article contains the systems analysis of Russian cooperation with different international financial organizations — global and regional ones, organizations of former CMEA and sub-regional banks of near abroad. The author puts forward the concept of a new policy of Russian relationship with IFO: combination of efficient use of IFO loans with active participation (e.g. as a creditor country) in their work for national interests promotion.
On High Technologies, Legalization Costs and Ways of Their Reduction
Authors: Skufina T. , Baranov S.
Published: March 2019

Some problems and peculiarities of software used in Russia are considered through the prism of economic development. Qualitative and quantitative estimations for software legalization costs are provided along with ways of their reducing. A complex approach aimed at forming legal institutions of software usage and strengthening Russia's position in this sphere is suggested.
Scales and Structure of Informal Employment
Authors: Gorisov S.
Published: March 2019

The problems of employment in the informal sector of the Russian economy are considered in the article. Special attention is paid to the influence of informal employment on the quality of labor potential. On the one hand, informal employment provides noncompetitive persons with work, on another — reproduces inefficient employment and preserves poor quality of labor potential. The structure of informal employment by educational and age criteria is examined.
Reforming Antimonopoly Regulation in Russia: Agenda and Design of Discussion
Authors: Shastitko A.
Published: March 2019

The article contains list of questions related to antimonopoly regulation to be discussed (group exemptions, rule of reason, "per se" rule, sanctioning, abuse of law, etc.). The economics of the property rights approach to the problems of antimonopoly policy is clarified. For this purpose the status of externalities as a key concept of economics of property rights is described.
Economics: How Is It Done and What Are the Outcomes? (On the Book by M. Blaug "The Methodology of Economics or How Economists Explain")
Authors: Ananyin O.
Published: March 2019

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The Instruments of the Stabilization Fund: The Experience and Prospects
Authors: Afanasiev Mst.
Published: March 2019

Сreation of the stabilization fund has become the main feature of the Russian federal budget for 2004. This instrument provides the opportunity to reduce the dependence of budget incomes on the fluctuations of oil prices. The accepted model does not consider the world experience in building of such funds as the "funds for future generations", and the increase of other revenues from the growing oil prices as well. That can lead to shortening and immobilization of the financial basis of economic growth.
Shortage of Skills in the Labor Market: Limited Supply, Lack of Demand, or False Signals from Employers?
Authors: Gimpelson V.
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the issue of shortage of skills in the Russian industry. Using microdata from a survey of industrial enterprises, the author confirms that most of employers complain of difficulties in hiring and attaching skilled workers. In case of mass occupations, this shortage relates mostly to low efficient enterprises, which are unable or unwilling to pay competitive market going wage. More efficient and better paying firms are less likely to face shortage of general skills on the labor market but may face limited supply of specific skills.
Estimation of the Natural Rate of Unemployment in Russia in 1994-2003: Empirical Analysis
Authors: Bragin V. , Osakovsky V.
Published: March 2019

In order to outline the problem of unemployment in Russia, the authors calculate the natural rate of unemployment by consecutively estimating the optimal number of employed and economically active population. For estimation of optimal values modified Hodrick–Prescott filter was used. The results show that the natural rate of unemployment in Russia in 1994–1997 was stable around 12–12, 5%, and decreased to 8, 1% by 2003. In addition, before 1998 the actual unemployment was significantly lower than the natural rate and currently practically equals it.
Readiness and Willingness of Population to Pay for Housing and Communal Services
Authors: Bashmakov I.
Published: March 2019

Housing and communal services (HCS) tariffs are growing in Russia. In 2002, the population spent 100 billion rubles more for HCS than in 2001. The purpose of this article is to evaluate real thresholds of readiness and willingness of households to pay for HCS, as well as to evaluate parameters of HCS demand price elasticities and factors determining payments collection rates. Two thresholds were evaluated: the threshold for low-income families, which is 10-14% of their personal incomes spent to pay utility bills, and the threshold of 5-6% for the whole population. These thresholds are valid for the collection rate of 95% (with other required collection rates they will be different). Both identified thresholds present very stable and solid proportions of the structure of consumer expenses and are universal for different countries.
The Development of Rural Industrial Enterprises (The Case of Kabardino-Balkar Republic)
Authors: Batov G.
Published: March 2019

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What Kind of the Economy and the Society Are We Going to Construct and How to Achieve That? (Economic Policy and the Long-term Strategy of Modernization of the Country)
Authors: Yavlinsky G.
Published: March 2019

Main features of the new economic model for Russia are considered in the article. The strategic vision of the problem of economic transformations in the country is presented, directed at its deep modernization. The goals of the state concerning economic policy in general and industrial policy in particular are formulated. The necessity of making a number of key political decisions for successful implementation of the long-term strategy of Russia's development is noted.
Wage-setting Mechanisms in the Russian Industry
Authors: Kapelyushnikov R.
Published: March 2019

The paper examines a specific model of wage-setting evolved in Russia under transition. Using new survey data author reveals paradoxical characteristics of wage-setting mechanisms at Russian industrial enterprises: very high union and collective agreement coverage; nearly unilateral control of managers over wage determination; close correlation between earnings and enterprises' performance; voluntary utilization of wage standards established by the state. The special section explores effects of fulfilling a new provision stipulated for by the recently adopted Labor Code to raise minimum wage to the subsistence minimum level. The author concludes that wage-setting in the Russian labor market is at odds with a textbook competitive model and poorly fits into many other sophisticated theoretical schemes (such as labor-managed firms, bargaining models etc.).
A New Systemic Presentation of the State Budget (On the Book by Mst. Afanasiev "The Grounds of the Budget System")
Authors: Chichkanov V.
Published: March 2019

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Macroeconomic Factors of Post-crisis Growth
Authors: Rühl C. , Morozov A. , Ulatov S. , Drebentsov V. , Antimonova O.
Published: March 2019

Russia has managed to achieve spectacular success after the 1998 crisis. High rates of economic growth have been first of all conditioned by low level of industrial capacity utilization in the pre-crisis period. Other factors have also played an important role: the positive conjuncture of world oil prices; dynamics of relative prices; changes in economic subjects' behavior. In order to make economic growth sustainable it is necessary to implement deep structural changes in the country.
Administrative-Territorial Reform and Territorial-Economic Structures
Authors: Popadyuk N.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to social and cultural problems, essential in the light of formulating the tasks of the future administrative and territorial reform and constructing corresponding regional policy. The author describes the concept of territorial-economic structure, defining it according to social and economic attributes as the group of spatial social and economic systems integrated with surrounding space. Classification of territorial-economic structures as forms of rural and urban types of civilization is offered. Intercivilizational sociocultural "breaks" between different types of territorial-economic structures in Russia are shown. Opportunities of implementation of the given approach in forming national regional policy are considered.
Through the Prism of Changes
Authors: Dzarasov S. , Men'shikov S. , Popov G.
Published: March 2019

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Marxism: Between the Scientific Theory and "Secular Religion" (Liberal Apologia)
Authors: Gaidar E. , Mau V.
Published: March 2019

Marxist concept of social development is analyzed on the basis of the twentieth century experience in the article. Theory of history is considered as the most important component of Marxism which contributes to the understanding of moderns historical trends, and especially the challenges of catching-up development. Authors explain renaissance of economic liberalism through the prism of Marxism and discuss the development of methodological tradition called "liberal Marxism".
Russian Privatisation: Approaches and Consequences
Authors: Andreff V.
Published: March 2019

The article analyses privatisation processes in post-Soviet economies from a Coasian standpoint, with a focus on the Russian privatisation strategy, since its designers have attempted to justify it by references to the Coase theorem. However, more political targets have basically inspired the major programmes of privatisation in post-Soviet economies. The analysis shows that mass privatisation has benefited insiders, first of all incumbent managers. Although cash privatisation has reallocated a part of privatised assets, insiders and "oligarchs" still remain major winners. The latter took advantage of the rigged and infamous loans for shares scheme of privatisation which main effect was to stop the privatisation drive. Privatisation has recently been resumed on a case-by-case basis.
National Currency Appreciation and Growth of the Russian Economy
Authors: Zolotoukhina T.
Published: March 2019

The problem of interaction between Russian currency appreciation and positive dynamics of macroeconomic indicators is studied. Main economic factors of ruble appreciation are analyzed. Consequences of the Russian Central Bank's policy directed to oppose ruble appreciation and problems in financial area due to the increase of money supply through the exchange market are considered. Influence of exchange rate appreciation on economic growth, inflation, export, import, capital flows are discussed. It is concluded that Russian ruble appreciation stimulates an increase in efficiency of the Russian economy.
Do We Need Liberal Marxism? (on the Article by E. Gaidar and V. Mau "Marxism: Between the Scientific Theory and 'Secular Religion")
Authors: Buzgalin A. , Kolganov A.
Published: March 2019

The authors criticize the main idea of the paper by E. Gaydar and V. Mau (VE, 2004, No 5, 6) concerning the possibility of partial utilization of Marxian ideas in the framework of the liberal doctrine and formation of "liberal Marxism". The thesis that the revolutionary conclusions of Marxism are directly connected with its theoretical foundations is argued in the article. The necessity to correct some initial Marxian concepts caused by changing facts of real life doesn't lead to the negation of his fundamental ideas. On the contrary such corrections form the possibility to underpin the theoretical grounding under the revolutionary potential produced by contradictions of modern capitalism entering the epoque of the post-industrial society and globalization.
Competitive Capacity and Modernization of the Russian Economy
Authors: Yasin E. , Yakovlev A.
Published: March 2019

Having analyzed the present state of the Russian economy the authors come to the conclusion that the only reasonable goal of its modernization is achieving high competitive capacity of production. External and internal competitive capacity is analysed in detail basing on broad statistics as well as competitive capacity of institutions and their changes, the adaptive model of transition economy. According to the authors implementation of competitive capacity policy as a national idea should take into account long-term perspective.
On the Problem of Measurement of Non-observable Economy in Georgia
Authors: Beridze T.
Published: March 2019

The share of non-observable economy in Georgia is great enough. According to various estimations it differs from 30 up to 40% of total output in the economy as a whole and more than 50% — in the business sphere. The major tool of estimation of scales of non-observable economy are employment surveys of population. In 1995-2001 special surveys of some sectors of the Georgian economy within the framework of TACIS program were carried out. Their results have allowed to correct, for instance, indicators of production and import of tobacco, volumes of construction and services in health and educational spheres.
Kazakhstan's Economic Policy under Conditions of High Level of Foreign Investments
Authors: Arystanbekov K.
Published: March 2019

Kazakhstan's economic policy in the sphere of attracting foreign investments in 1993-2003 is considered in the article. Special attention is paid to the analysis of their macroeconomic efficiency. It is concluded that high rates of economic growth in Kazahkstan in 2000-2003 are conditioned not so much by the inflow of foreign investments as by exchange rate and currency policies of monetary authorities of the country. The tendency of growing interfirm indebtedness and negative balance of current accounts in favor of foreign investors is also analyzed.
Risk Analysis in Enterprises
Authors: Buyanov V.
Published: March 2019

The complex system of evaluation of risks that present danger for enterprise operations is grounded in the article. Its implementation would allow not only to curtail possible losses but to make corresponding strategic decisions aimed at their minimization in the long-term.
Ownership and Control of Enterprises
Authors: Rühl C. , Antimonova O. , Drebentsov V. , Morozov A. , Ulatov S.
Published: March 2019

Ownership concentration in Russia's economy is analyzed in the given chapter of the World Bank Memorandum on the basis of the specially constructed database on ownership and control. The results of the study show high degree of ownership concentration in the Russian industry but it varies across sectors. The holdings of large owners with national significance are concentrated in some strategic sectors, while in other sectors ownership concentration is not so high. Our data reveals no evidence that the firms controlled by Russian large private owners are more productive then those of other private owners. Firms controlled by regional private owners and foreign investors are more likely to receive preferential treatment on the regional level but large business groups may reap more benefits from such treatment that negatively affects functioning of other enterprises. A rule-based system is necessary to safeguard competition on all levels of the economy. Nothing in our data provides an argument for re-nationalization in any shape or form.
Volkonsky V.A. The Drama of Spiritual History: Extraeconomic Grounds of Economic Crisis
Authors: Lvov D. , Soloviev Yu.
Published: March 2019

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State Burden on the Economy
Authors: Gaidar E.
Published: March 2019

The question of limits of state burden on the economy is considered in the article. In the countries — leaders of economic growth in XIX century taxation was minimal (approximately 8% of GDP). But during the First World War it sharply increased. The economic crisis of the 1930s expanded scales of intervention of the state in the economy. The fastest growth of taxes was observed during the Second World War and in the post-war period attempts to lower tax burden were not undertaken. State burden on the economy continued to grow up to the end of the 1980's (up to 50% of GDP and more) and modern liberal tendencies could only slow down the growth of taxes. In socialist countries tax burden was traditionally high — close to 50% of GDP, that is the limit for developed countries. In East-European countries it remains at a high level, also due to the necessity to carry out social obligations inherent to EU. In the CIS countries the transformational crisis lasted longer, so tax burden was fixed at lower level. The question of direct influence of state expenditures on rates of economic growth remains unsolved but there are limits of taxation for each level of per capita GDP: when taxes reach them rates of growth slow down.