bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Future Information Resource Utilization Under Conditions of Scarcity: The First Cohort Study in Health Sciences Librarianship
Authors: Eldredge Jonathan D.
Published: February 2016

A review of:

Postell, William Dosité. “Further Comments on the Mathematical Analysis of Evaluating Scientific Journals.” Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 34.2 (1946): 107-9.

Objective – To predict future use of journal titles for making subscription decisions.

Design – Retrospective cohort study.

Setting – Louisiana State University School of Medicine Library in New Orleans.

Subjects – All library users, estimated to consist of primarily faculty members or their designees such as research assistants.

Methods – Estelle Brodman’s previous citation analysis and reputational analysis (1944) that produced a list of eleven top-ranked physiology journal titles served as the catalyst for Postell’s retrospective cohort study. Postell compiled data on all checkouts for these specific eleven journal titles in his library for the years 1939 through approximately 1945.

Main Results – Postell performed a Spearman rank-difference test on the rankings produced from his own circulation use data in order to compare it against journal title rankings produced from three other sources: (1) citation analysis from the references found in the Annual Review of Physiology based upon a system pioneered in 1927 by Gross and Gross; (2) three leading national physiology journals; and, (3) a reputational analysis list of top-ranked journals provided by the faculty members at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Department of Physiology. Postell found a relatively high correlation (.755, with 1.000 equaling a perfect correlation) between his retrospective cohort usage data and the reputational analysis list of top-ranked journals generated by the Columbia faculty members. The two citation analyses performed by Brodman did not correlate as highly with Postell’s results.

Conclusion – Brodman previously had questioned the use of citation analysis for journal subscription purchase decisions. Postell’s retrospective cohort study produced further evidence against basing subscription purchases on citation analysis. Postell noted that the citation analysis method “cannot always be relied upon as a valid criterion” for selecting journals in a discipline.
Face-to-face Training is the Preferred Modality of Professional Continuing Education for Librarians of All Ages, but More Evidence is Needed
Authors: Oxborrow Kathryn
Published: February 2016

A Review of:

Lynn, V. A., Bose, A., & Boehmer, S. J. (2010). Librarian instruction-delivery modality preferences for professional continuing education. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 98(1), 57-64.

Objective — To establish the preferred modality for professional continuing education (CE) among members of three library associations. The primary hypothesis was that face-to-face training is the preferred modality, and the secondary hypothesis was that younger librarians are more likely to favour online or blended training modalities. In addition, the authors sought to investigate which factors influence participants' decisions to take up training.

Design — Online questionnaire.

Setting — Three library associations based in the United States of America. These were the American Library Association (ALA), the Special Libraries Association (SLA), and the Medical Library Association (MLA).

Subjects — A random sample of 328 members of the ALA (86 participants), SLA (63 participants), and MLA (291 participants). Some participants were members of more than one association.

Methods — Participants were recruited to complete an online survey via direct e-mail contact (MLA), messages on email discussion lists (SLA) and social networks (ALA). The survey asked about participants' experience of, and preference for, five different training modalities for CE. These were: face-to-face (classroom instruction), web-based synchronous (with real-time participant-instructor interaction), web-based asynchronous (with instructor involvement, but not in real time), blended (a combination of different modalities), and webcasts (live online presentations with limited participant-instructor interaction). Participants were then asked to rank factors which would influence their decision to undertake CE courses. The factors were cost, opportunity to socialize/network, time away from work, learning at their own pace, and having immediate access to either the class instructor or other participants. Participants were also given space to comment on both CE modalities and influencing factors.

Main Results — There was a statistically significant preference for face-to-face instruction in this sample, being preferred by at least 73.1% of participants in all age ranges. Younger librarians did not display a preference for online or blended training modalities. There was a significant difference in second preference between ALA and MLA members, who both preferred Web based asynchronous training, and SLA members, who preferred the web-based synchronous format. Participants' preferences for all modalities apart from face to face were significantly different depending on whether or not they had experienced the particular modality. Cost was ranked as the most influential factor in the decision to undertake CE by members of all three library associations (significant at P
One-shot or Embedded? Assessing Different Delivery Timing for Information Resources Relevant to Assignments
Authors: Van Epps Amy , Sapp Nelson Megan
Published: February 2016

Objective – This study aims to determine if the timing of library in-class presentations makes a difference in the type and quality of resources students use for each of four assignments in an introductory speech class. This comparison of content delivery timing contrasts a single, 50-minute lecture early in the semester with four approximately 12-minute lectures offered just before each assignment.

Methods – First-year engineering students taking Fundamentals of Speech Communication provide the study group. Each speech assignment requires students to turn in an outline and list of references. The list of references for each student was given to the librarians, after the assignments were appropriately anonymized, for analysis of resource type, quality of resource, and completeness of citation. Researchers coded a random sample of bibliographies from the assignments using a framework to identify resource type (book, periodical, Web, facts & figures, unknown) and quality, based on intended audience and purpose (scholarly, entertainment, persuasion/bias), and compared them to each other to determine if a difference is evident. The authors coordinated what material would be presented to the students to minimize variation between the sections.

Results – The study found a statistically significant difference between groups of students, demonstrating that the frequent, short library instruction sessions produce an increased use of high-quality content. Similarly, the sections with multiple library interactions show more use of periodicals than websites, while completeness of references is not significantly different across teaching methods.

Conclusions – More frequent and timely interaction between students and library instruction increases the quality of sources used and the completeness of the citations written. While researchers found statistically significant differences, the use of a citation coding framework developed for specific engineering research and design tasks means the analysis done in this study is not as accurate as it might be with a framework designed for analyzing the resources required for researching and writing speech assignments.
An Evidence Based Checklist for the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS EBC)
Authors: McGowan Jessie , Sampson Margaret , Lefebvre Carol
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Disseminating Your Research
Authors: Wilson Virginia
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Dates and Venue Announced for 6th International Evidence Based Library and Information Conference
Authors: Koufogiannakis Denise
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Learning Opportunities
Authors: Koufogiannakis Denise
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Virtual Peer Mentoring (VPM) Might Facilitate the Entire EBLIP Process
Authors: Eldredge Jonathan D.
Published: February 2016

Implications for Practice

• Virtual Peer Mentoring (VPM) is one possible means for maintaining one’s continuous professional vitality.

• Mentoring relationships can thrive despite boundary crossings or multiple relationships provided both participants uphold ethical principles.

• Virtual peer mentoring is a possible response to the short supply of high level professionals with time to mentor junior staff.

Implications for Research

• Professional associations must take the lead in identifying the most important and answerable questions facing our profession.

• Where authoritative evidence does not exist for an informed decision a mentor may advise a protégé on the potential for further research

• Despite scarce research on Virtual Peer Mentoring, we can infer guidance from similar research on distance learning and collaborations.
Study in Grey and White: Measuring the Impact of the 8Rs Canadian Library Human Resources Study
Authors: Sivak Allison
Published: February 2016

Objective – To use the 8Rs Canadian Library Human Resources Study (the 8Rs Study) as a test case to develop a model for assessing research impact in LIS.

Methods – Three different methods of citation analysis which take into account the changing environment of scholarly communications. These include a ‚manual‛ method of locating citations to the 8Rs Study through a major LIS database, an enhanced-citation tool Google Scholar, and a general Google search to locate Study references in non-scholarly documents

Results – The majority of references (82%) were found using Google or Google Scholar; the remainder were located via LISA. Each method had strengths and limitations.

Conclusion - In-depth citation analysis provides a promising method of understanding the reach of published research. This investigation’s findings suggest the need for improvements in LIS citation tools, as well as digital archiving practices to improve the accessibility of references for measuring research impact. The findings also suggest the merit of researchers and practitioners defining levels of research impact, which will assist researchers in the dissemination of their work.
Impact of Social Media Applications on Small Business Entrepreneurs
Authors: Shabbir Malik Shahzad , Ghazi Muhammad Saarim , Mehmood Atta Rasool ,   School of Economics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,   Department of Islamic Banking & Finance, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,   Department of Islamic Banking & Finance, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Published: February 2016

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of social media applications on small business entrepreneurs. It also examines how small business owners are motivated to use social media applications. Social media has completely transformed the way businesses are done. Social media applications in the present time have become the most efficient and effective tool for small business entrepreneurs, and normally all small businesses use social media platforms for the advertising and publicity of their products and services. They make fan pages for their followers, and they warmly welcome their suggestions and opinions, which help in improving their businesses. However, based on literature review, we conclude that there is a positive impact of social media applications on small business entrepreneurs as well as they are highly motivated to use these platforms.
Rozumowanie metaforyczne, czyli „metaforą po oczach”
Authors: Rybarkiewicz Dorota
Published: February 2016

Według głównej tezy badań kognitywnych metafora jest podstawą myślenia. W kontekście prawa, które stanowi podstawę życia społecznego i ma wielki wpływ na każdego z nas, teza ta ma fundamentalne znaczenie. Zakres oddziaływania tej tezy określony jest w artykule poprzez charakterystykę trzech typów metafor. Są one też punktem wyjścia do sformułowania ogólnej definicji metafory, która pozwala dostrzec metaforyczność pewnych sytuacji pozornie z metaforą niemających nic wspólnego oraz związanych z nimi procesów rozumowania, które nazwane zostaną rozumowaniem metaforycznym.
Perceived Risk As A Factor In Store Choice: An Examination Of Inherent Versus Handled Risk
Authors: Lumpkin James R. , Dunn Mark G.
Published: February 2016

Perceived risk as an influence on consumer behavior has been well documented. Despite the popularity of the topic, only a few studies have examined the risks consumers perceive when selecting a retail patronage mode. The study uses Bettmans concept of inherent/handled risk to isolate the risk attributable to specific retail patronage modes. The results indicate varying amounts of handled risk are associated with purchasing products from different retail m odes. The study also provides evidence that risk attributable to a specific retail mode tends to differ among product categories.
Industry Reaction To New Capitalization Rules: An Empirical Study
Authors: Papacharalambous Nick , Patrick Happi , Posey Clyde , Willis T. Hillman
Published: February 2016

According to the new Internal Revenue Code Section 263-A, businesses with sales of more than $10 million are now required to capitalize more cost into inventory than ever before. This paper analyzes the implementation of the new requirements and then presents the results of a survey of 100 of the largest industrial firms concerning the new procedures.
The Ethiopian Developmental State: Requirements And Perquisites
Authors: Alemayehu Tsehai
Published: February 2016

The paper will take a close look at Prime Minister Zenawi’s recent proposal of building a development state in Ethiopia with a view to determining whether such a scheme is practicable or even desirable in present day Ethiopia.
Fatty‐Acid Profiles and Enzyme Activities in Soil Particle‐Size Fractions under Long‐Term Fertilization
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liang Guoqing , Zhou Wei , Sun Jingwen , Wang Xiubin , He Ping
Published: February 2016

Core Ideas

Organic treatments significantly enhanced soil organic C, total N, and most enzymes activities.

The highest soil organic C, total N, and enzyme activities were existed in 200‐ to 63‐μm fraction.

Soil organic C, total N, C/N ratio, α‐glucosidase, sulfatase, β‐glucosidase, β‐cellobiohydrolase, and phenol oxidase activities were significantly correlated with phospholipid fatty acids.

A long‐term experiment was established in 1981 to examine the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), enzyme activities, and microbial community composition. In this study, we considered 33 yr of the following fertilizer treatments: no fertilizer (control, CK), fertilizer N (N), fertilizer N and P (NP), fertilizer N, P and K (NPK), manure plus fertilizer N, P and K (NPKM), and manure (M). We focused on yellow‐brown paddy soil and its particle‐size fractions of >2000 µm (large macroaggregate sized), 2000–200 µm (coarse sand sized), 200–63 µm (fine sand sized), 63–2 µm (silt sized), and 2–0.1 µm (clay sized). Nutrient concentrations and enzymes, affected by fertilizer treatment and particle fraction, were unevenly active throughout the soils which showed significantly highest concentration and activity in the fine sand fraction, except sulfatase (Sul). However, the coarse sand fraction contributed the largest SOC, TN, and enzyme pools to bulk soil, followed by silt‐sized and large macroaggregate‐sized fractions. Compared with NPK, NPKM, and M treatments significantly improved SOC, TN, phosphatase (Pho), β‐glucosidase (βG), β‐cellobiohydrolase (βCB), N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase (NAG), β‐xylosidase (βX), phenol oxidase (PhOx), peroxidase activities, and the total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) abundance of soil fractions. Manure also accelerated SOC, TN, and most enzymes accumulation in coarse sand fraction at the expense of clay fraction. Principal component analysis (PCA) of microbial community composition showed a smaller variability in particle‐size fractions than treatments which suggested a considerable effect of soil nutrient availability on microbial community composition. Redundancy analysis (RDA) also convinced SOC, TN, C/N ratio, α‐glucosidase (αG), Sul, βG, βCB, and PhOx activities significantly governed microbial community in this study. Our results conveyed long‐term application of organic fertilizers contributed to the increase of SOC, TN, and most enzyme activities in bulk soil and particle fractions, along with abundant and diverse microbial community in fine sand fraction and other organic treated soil fractions.
Outcome of the Repair of Double-Chambered Right Ventricle: A single centre experience
Authors: Rokonujjaman Mohammad , Islam Md Shaheedul , Islam Md Sirajul , Mahamoudh Sheikh , Uddin Md Jasim , Khan AYM Sayem
Published: February 2016

Background: The presence of anomalous muscle bundles may pro-duce a pressure gradient between the inflow and outflow portions of the right ventricle, resulting in double-chambered right ventricle. We reviewed the outcomes of double chambered right ventricle surgical repair.Methods: Between December 2012 and January 2014, 6 patients under went surgical repair of a double-chambered right ventricle. The patients ranged in age from 3 years to 20 years (mean 8.2±5.9 yrs). Right ventricular outflow tract pressure gradients were from 60 to 120 mm Hg (mean 63.3±40.3). An associated ventricular septal defect was present in 4 patients (66.66%).Results: There were no hospital or late deaths. Mean postsurgical follow up was 3.8±0.8 months). No patient required further surgery to relieve obstruction of right ventricular outflow tract.Conclusions: Surgical repair of a double chambered right ventricle yield excellent hemodynamic and functional results.Cardiovasc. j. 2016; 8(2): 165-168
Paradigm Shift in Radiation Biology/Radiation Oncology—Exploitation of the “H2O2 Effect” for Radiotherapy Using Low-LET (Linear Energy Transfer) Radiation such as X-rays and High-Energy Electrons
Authors: Ogawa Yasuhiro
Published: February 2016

Most radiation biologists/radiation oncologists have long accepted the concept that the biologic effects of radiation principally involve damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is the critical target, as described in “Radiobiology for the Radiologist”, by E.J. Hall and A.J. Giaccia [1]. Although the concepts of direct and indirect effects of radiation are fully applicable to low-LET (linear energy transfer) radioresistant tumor cells/normal tissues such as osteosarcoma cells and chondrocytes, it is believed that radiation-associated damage to DNA does not play a major role in the mechanism of cell death in low-LET radiosensitive tumors/normal tissues such as malignant lymphoma cells and lymphocytes. Hall and Giaccia describe lymphocytes as very radiosensitive, based largely on apoptosis subsequent to irradiation. As described in this review, apoptosis of lymphocytes and lymphoma cells is actually induced by the “hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) effect”, which I propose in this review article for the first time. The mechanism of lymphocyte death via the H2O2 effect represents an ideal model to develop the enhancement method of radiosensitivity for radiation therapy of malignant neoplasms. In terms of imitating the high radiosensitivity of lymphocytes, osteosarcoma cells (representative of low-LET radioresistant cells) might be the ideal model for indicating the conversion of cells from radioresistant to radiosensitive utilizing the H2O2 effect. External beam radiation such as X-rays and high-energy electrons for use in modern radiotherapy are generally produced using a linear accelerator. We theorized that when tumors are irradiated in the presence of H2O2, the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes such as peroxidases and catalase are blocked and oxygen molecules are produced at the same time via the H2O2 effect, resulting in oxidative damage to low-LET radioresistant tumor cells, thereby rendering them highly sensitive to irradiation. In this review, this potential paradigm shift in modern radiation biology/radiation oncology is discussed in detail in terms of overcoming drug/radiation resistance in radiation therapy and/or anti-cancer chemotherapy.
Port Simulation Modelling and Economic Assessment
Authors: Scott Douglas , Taylor David , El-Solh Safinaz , Elliott Trevor
Published: February 2016

Ports exposed to high energy long wave conditions can experience significantly reduced berth availability, leading to loss of throughput. The Port of Geraldton, located in Western Australia, is an example of such a port. A range of alternatives to mitigate the long wave energy problem at this port have been examined, but each varies significantly in terms of both operational benefit and economic impact. The most technically effective solution may not necessarily yield the largest economic return. In this paper, a discrete event simulation model of port operations is used to assess the cost and benefits of various long wave mitigation approaches. The results showed that mooring configurations involving the use of port-supplied nylon breast lines held under high pre-tension by means of brake winches on the wharf appear to provide among the most favourable economic return for the Port of Geraldton. More effective ship response performance can be achieved through use of pneumatic fenders and shore-based constant tension winches, but at higher cost and slightly less favourable economics. Extending the existing port breakwater provided the least economic return due to its high cost and limited impact on berth long wave energy in the appropriate frequency range.
Recent Progress in Fabrication and Applications of Superhydrophobic Coating on Cellulose-Based Substrates
Authors: Liu Hui , Gao Shou-Wei , Cai Jing-Sheng , He Cheng-Lin , Mao Jia-Jun , Zhu Tian-Xue , Chen Zhong , Huang Jian-Ying , Meng Kai , Zhang Ke-Qin , Al-Deyab Salem , Lai Yue-Kun
Published: February 2016

Multifuntional fabrics with special wettability have attracted a lot of interest in both fundamental research and industry applications over the last two decades. In this review, recent progress of various kinds of approaches and strategies to construct super-antiwetting coating on cellulose-based substrates (fabrics and paper) has been discussed in detail. We focus on the significant applications related to artificial superhydrophobic fabrics with special wettability and controllable adhesion, e.g., oil-water separation, self-cleaning, asymmetric/anisotropic wetting for microfluidic manipulation, air/liquid directional gating, and micro-template for patterning. In addition to the anti-wetting properties and promising applications, particular attention is paid to coating durability and other incorporated functionalities, e.g., air permeability, UV-shielding, photocatalytic self-cleaning, self-healing and patterned antiwetting properties. Finally, the existing difficulties and future prospects of this traditional and developing field are briefly proposed and discussed.
The Effect of Bi-Sr and Ca-Sr Interactions on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Al-Si-Based Alloys
Authors: Samuel Agnes , Doty Herbert , Gallardo Salvador , Samuel Fawzy
Published: February 2016

The effect of bismuth and calcium additions on the microstructural characteristics and the tensile properties of the modified and grain-refined Al-Si based B319 alloys were studied in this paper. Based on the results obtained, it has been concluded that Bi reacts with both Sr and Mg, leading to severe demodification of the eutectic Si at Bi levels of 0.15%–0.6% Bi. Bismuth causes a decrease of the yield and tensile strengths for the as-cast and artificially aged conditions and an increase of yield strength in the solution heat-treated condition. The elongation increases with the Bi in the solution heat-treated condition. Based on this, Bi is found to be an efficient solid-solution strengthening element for these alloys. Thus, solution heat treatment, rather than the artificial aging, may be recommended for alloys containing about 1.0% Bi. Calcium has no significant demodification effect on the Sr-modified Si particles at 100–400 ppm Ca, and has a modifying effect at ~600 ppm Ca. The elongation increases with the Ca level at all conditions (as-cast, solution heat-treated, and artificially aged). A slight increase of the tensile strength in the heat-treated conditions was also observed. The lowest tensile properties either in the as-cast or the heat-treated conditions correspond to the most demodified-Si condition obtained at 408 ppm Ca. Calcium is, therefore, not as detrimental to the tensile properties as Bi.
Antidepressant Potential of Chlorogenic Acid-Enriched Extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Bark with Neuron Protection and Promotion of Serotonin Release through Enhancing Synapsin I Expression
Authors: Wu Jianming , Chen Haixia , Li Hua , Tang Yong , Yang Le , Cao Shousong , Qin Dalian
Published: February 2016

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (E. ulmoides) is a traditional Chinese medicine with many beneficial effects, used as a tonic medicine in China and other countries. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is an important compound in E. ulmoides with neuroprotective, cognition improvement and other pharmacological effects. However, it is unknown whether chlorogenic acid-enriched Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark has antidepressant potential through neuron protection, serotonin release promotion and penetration of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. In the present study, we demonstrated that CGA could stimulate axon and dendrite growth and promote serotonin release through enhancing synapsin I expression in the cells of fetal rat raphe neurons in vitro. More importantly, CGA-enriched extract of E. ulmoides (EUWE) at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day orally administered for 7 days showed antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension test of KM mice. Furthermore, we also found CGA could be detected in the the cerebrospinal fluid of the rats orally treated with EUWE and reach the level of pharmacological effect for neuroprotection by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The findings indicate CGA is able to cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to exhibit its neuron protection and promotion of serotonin release through enhancing synapsin I expression. This is the first report of the effect of CGA on promoting 5-HT release through enhancing synapsin I expression and CGA-enriched EUWE has antidepressant-like effect in vivo. EUWE may be developed as the natural drugs for the treatment of depression.
A Study on Estimation of Land Value Using Spatial Statistics: Focusing on Real Transaction Land Prices in Korea
Authors: Kim Bongjoon , Kim Taeyoung
Published: February 2016

The aim of this research is to compare OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) and spatial regression models which are methods of calculating the traditional value of land—using data on the practical transaction price of land—and to enhance the applicability of estimation of official land assessment prices set by the Korean government while deducing policy implications for effective implementation. That is, as a way to overcome the limitations of the traditional regression model, we compare various Generalized Regression Models such as SLM (Spatial Lag Model), SEM (Spatial Error Model) with OLS. Consequently, an in-depth diagnosis is conducted to generate a proper estimation model for land pricing, and, also, the analysis focuses on vertical and horizontal equity using COD (Coefficient of Dispersion), COV (Coefficient of Variation) and PRD (Price-Related Differential). The results indicate that SEM is more appropriate than AIC (Akaike info criterion) and SC (Schwarz criterion) in terms of measuring log-likelihood, demonstrating that the spatial autocorrelation model is superior to the traditional regression model. It shows that the SEM is also the best among the tested models with regard to measuring horizontal equity. The spatial econometric model, therefore, is strongly recommended for estimating the prices of land and houses.
THE MAGNETIZED GALACTIC WIND AND SYNCHROTRON HALO OF THE STARBURST DWARF GALAXY IC 10
Authors: Chyży Krzysztof T. , Drzazga Robert T. , Beck Rainer , Urbanik Marek , Heesen Volker , Bomans Dominik J.
Published: February 2016

We aim to explore whether strong magnetic fields can be effectively generated in low-mass dwarf galaxies and, if so, whether such fields can be affected by galactic outflows and spread out into the intergalactic medium (IGM). We performed a radio continuum polarimetry study of IC 10, the nearest starbursting dwarf galaxy, using a combination of multifrequency interferometric (VLA) and single-dish (Effelsberg) observations. VLA observations at 1.43 GHz reveal an extensive and almost spherical radio halo of IC 10 in total intensity, extending twice more than the infrared-emitting galactic disk. The halo is magnetized with a magnetic field strength of 7 μG in the outermost parts. Locally, the magnetic field reaches about

in H ii complexes, becomes more ordered, and weakens to

in the synchrotron superbubble and to 7–10 μG within H i holes. At the higher frequency of 4.86 GHz, we found a large-scale magnetic field structure of X-shaped morphology, similar to that observed in several edge-on spiral galaxies. The X-shaped magnetic structure can be caused by the galactic wind, advecting magnetic fields injected into the interstellar medium by stellar winds and supernova explosions. The radio continuum scale heights at 1.43 GHz indicate the bulk speed of cosmic-ray electrons outflowing from H ii complexes of about 60 km s−1, exceeding the escape velocity of 40 km s−1. Hence, the magnetized galactic wind in IC 10 inflates the extensive radio halo visible at 1.43 GHz and can seed the IGM with both random and ordered magnetic fields. These are signatures of intense material feedback onto the IGM, expected to be prevalent in the protogalaxies of the early universe.
ON SUN-TO-EARTH PROPAGATION OF CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS: II. SLOW EVENTS AND COMPARISON WITH OTHERS
Authors: Liu Ying D. , Hu Huidong , Wang Chi , Luhmann Janet G. , Richardson John D. , Yang Zhongwei , Wang Rui
Published: February 2016

As a follow-up study on Sun-to-Earth propagation of fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we examine the Sun-to-Earth characteristics of slow CMEs combining heliospheric imaging and in situ observations. Three events of particular interest, the 2010 June 16, 2011 March 25, and 2012 September 25 CMEs, are selected for this study. We compare slow CMEs with fast and intermediate-speed events, and obtain key results complementing the attempt of Liu et al. to create a general picture of CME Sun-to-Earth propagation: (1) the Sun-to-Earth propagation of a typical slow CME can be approximately described by two phases, a gradual acceleration out to about 20–30 solar radii, followed by a nearly invariant speed around the average solar wind level; (2) comparison between different types of CMEs indicates that faster CMEs tend to accelerate and decelerate more rapidly and have shorter cessation distances for the acceleration and deceleration; (3) both intermediate-speed and slow CMEs would have speeds comparable to the average solar wind level before reaching 1 au; (4) slow CMEs have a high potential to interact with other solar wind structures in the Sun–Earth space due to their slow motion, providing critical ingredients to enhance space weather; and (5) the slow CMEs studied here lack strong magnetic fields at the Earth but tend to preserve a flux-rope structure with an axis generally perpendicular to the radial direction from the Sun. We also suggest a “best” strategy for the application of a triangulation concept in determining CME Sun-to-Earth kinematics, which helps to clarify confusions about CME geometry assumptions in the triangulation and to improve CME analysis and observations.
Filiation traumatique et vécu psychique chez une mère d’enfant confié à la Protection de l’enfance
Authors: Mazoyer Anne-Valérie , Menet Laurène , Derivois Daniel
Published: February 2016

Cet article propose de considérer la complexité du vécu psychique de mères d’enfants placés. À partir d’un cas unique, les auteurs cherchent à évaluer le rôle de la qualité des processus associatifs dans le vécu du placement, et ce dans une approche métapsychologique. La méthodologie mise en place s’inscrit ainsi dans une démarche qualitative étayée par des entretiens cliniques et par la passation d’une épreuve projective ( tat ). À travers la situation clinique d’Alice, cette étude tente de repérer les facteurs favorisant l’élaboration de la séparation et la mise au travail psychique du placement et de son histoire de vie. Elle conclut sur les conditions d’un potentiel transformateur du placement et ses effets de réorganisation psychique.
Sport Omnibus Events as Media Shows
Authors: Dumitriu Diana-Luiza
Published: February 2016

Inside the wider commodification process that the social field of sport has been subject to, sport events are not only about the competition itself, but they have become a global multilayered show. The ‘symbiotic relationship' (Valgeirsson & Snyder, 1986, p. 131) between sport and media made them one of the most successful entertaining products as they provide an intense spectatorship experience. The main aim of this chapter is to focus on the media-sport nexus in order to understand the impact that this hybridization process between the two social fields had on sport events? How media reflect and redefine sport competitions as media events? What are the main aspects that make sport events so competitive on the wider entertaining (media) market? Despite the undisputable transformative effects brought by sport competitions entering the media logic, I will argue that there is also a reverse effect that major sport events exert upon the media field, focusing mainly on their interruptive quality (Dayan & Kats, 1992) in terms of media and social agenda. In discussing these aspects I will narrow down the analysis on the major sport competitions, as they are the most complex media-sport constructs. The ‘fun factor' (Kellner, 2003, p. 3) and the emotional flow of the competition reach their most spectacular form through what I call omnibus events. By omnibus events I refer to major competitions on the sport global map that are defined as impressive shows, involving world wide audiences, significant number of sport acts and actors and high commercial value (i.e. The Olympic Games, The World Cup). More important, their vortextual nature (Whannel, 2002) makes them referential for the public agenda, drawing everyone's attention and building alternative ways to connect large number of people to them. The chapter will approach these sport omnibus events as media shows by analyzing their multilayered structure: the dramaturgical dimension of sport acts and its corollary management of impression, the ritual dimension of sport ceremonial practices, the axiological dimension of sport events as social values' system, the commercial dimension of sport events as products on the entertaining and celebrity market, the aesthetic dimension of sport acts as expressive media constructs and their emotional dimension in terms of spectatorship experience. On this last dimension there are two main aspects that I will focus on, one regarding the live-remote experience and the other one directed towards the multiplication process of sport competition related events (from special TV shows, social media events, to thematic parties or marketing events). Media's centrality inside the social field of sport came with a consistent spectacularization effect, contributing to sport competition becoming resourceful media shows in terms of public impact and commercial value, a process that this chapter manages to lay emphasis on by addressing the multilayered nature of such events.
Le Corbusier et les relations avec le Brésil
Authors: Chiarelli Silvia Raquel , Verde Zein Ruth
Published: February 2016

Résumé: Les relations preofessionelles établies par l’architecte suisse-français Le Corbusier avec le Brésil ont été énormes et variées. Ayant été initiées dans les années 1920, elles ont été étendues jusqu’à sa mort en 1965, lorsque son projet de l’Ambassade de la France à Brasilia était en train de se développer (1964). Les informations disponibles sur l’ensemble des projets, des œvres et des événements qui montrent la relation de Le Corbusier avec le Brésil ont été dispersés par plusieurs sources, et ils sont étudiés par plusieurs rechercheurs. Cet étude recueille et présente, de façon organisée et systématique, les informations clés sur les événements, en cherchant à élucider les cas où les informations soient différentes ou contradictoires, en présentant un résumé de ses informations sous une forme graphique compacte. L’article propose également une premiàre approche de l’étude d’un cas, celui du projet original de Le Corbusier pour l’Ambassade de la France au Brésil. Une des dernières œvres de l’architecte sera étudiée à la lumière de ses relations antérieures avec le Brésil, en tenant compte de sa position face aux relations stratégiques projectives proposées par l’architecte tout au long de son œuvre, et en considérant d’une façon spécifique mais pas exclusive, les projets realisés ou non, qui ont été élaborés par l’architecte au cours de sa dernière période créative dans les années 1960. Abstract: The preofessionelles relationships established by Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier with Brazil was huge and varied. Having been initiated in the 1920s, they have been extended until his death in 1965, when the project of the Embassy of France in Brasilia was being developed (1964). The information available on all projects, works provided and events that show the relationship Le Corbusier with Brazil were dispersed by several sources, and they are studied by several rechercheurs. This study collects and presents an organized and systematic way, key information about events, seeking to clarify the cases where the information is different or contradictory, presenting a summary of information in a compact graphical form. The article also offers a premiere approach to the study of a case, that the original project by Le Corbusier for the Embassy of France in Brazil. One of the last works provided the architect will be studied in the light of its previous relationship with Brazil, taking into account its position to projective strategic relationship proposed by the architect throughout his work, and considering a specifically but not exclusively, realized or unrealized projects, which were developed by the architect during his last creative period in the 1960s.  Mots clés: Architecture moderne; Brésil; Ambassade de la France; Le Corbusier; œuvres; projets. Keywords: modern architecture; Brazil; Embassy of France; Le Corbusier; buildings; projects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.285
The use of exercises to enhance and assess interlocal collaboration in preparedness: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Errett, PhD, MSPH, CPH, CE Nicole A. , Frattaroli, PhD, MPH Shannon , Barnett, MD, MPH Daniel J. , Resnick, MPH Beth A. , Rutkow, PhD, JD, MPH Lainie
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Interlocal collaboration, or collaboration among neighboring independent municipalities, has been generally accepted as an emergency preparedness strategy. In the absence of large-scale disasters, emergency preparedness exercises may serve to test the effectiveness of interlocal collaboration on emergency preparedness. However, the use of emergency preparedness exercises to enhance or assess interlocal collaboration, or its impact on preparedness, requires additional empirical exploration. Hypothesis/problem: This exploratory study aims to understand the perspectives of key informants (KIs) with broad knowledge of the history, goals, and implementation of the Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) program, as well as knowledge of interlocal collaboration exercises conducted as part of the UASI program, about the role of exercises in improving and assessing interlocal collaboration for emergency preparedness.Method: In early 2014, 28 KIs were interviewed during 24 semistructured interviews. Interviews were recorded and analyzed to identify key themes related to emergency preparedness exercises and the enhancement and assessment of interlocal collaboration.Results: KIs perceived exercises to enhance interlocal collaboration in preparedness by promoting regional, interlocal: risk assessment; emergency plan testing and operationalization; relationship development; support for regional plans and operational structures; capability delivery practice; best practice sharing across interlocal collaborations; and engagement of elected or senior leadership in interlocal preparedness endeavors. Exercise participants, scenarios, administration, formats, and assessment strategies to promote interlocal collaboration were identified. Conclusions: Seven distinct mechanisms by which exercises can enhance interlocal collaboration that can be used to guide future research and policy development were identified. The format, scenario, participation, and administration of emergency preparedness exercises can be tailored to enhance collaboration.
Unexpectedly high ultrafine aerosol concentrations above East Antarctic sea ice
Authors: Humphries R. S. , Klekociuk A. R. , Schofield R. , Keywood M. , Ward J. , Wilson S. R.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Better characterisation of aerosol processes in pristine, natural environments, such as Antarctica, have recently been shown to lead to the largest reduction in uncertainties in our understanding of radiative forcing. Our understanding of aerosols in the Antarctic region is currently based on measurements that are often limited to boundary layer air masses at spatially sparse coastal and continental research stations, with only a handful of studies in the vast sea-ice region. In this paper, the first observational study of sub-micron aerosols in the East Antarctic sea ice region is presented. Measurements were conducted aboard the icebreaker Aurora Australis in spring 2012 and found that boundary layer condensation nuclei (CN3) concentrations exhibited a five-fold increase moving across the polar front, with mean polar cell concentrations of 1130 cm−3 – higher than any observed elsewhere in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean region. The absence of evidence for aerosol growth suggested that nucleation was unlikely to be local. Air parcel trajectories indicated significant influence from the free troposphere above the Antarctic continent, implicating this as the likely nucleation region for surface aerosol, a similar conclusion to previous Antarctic aerosol studies. The highest aerosol concentrations were found to correlate with low-pressure systems, suggesting that the passage of cyclones provided an accelerated pathway, delivering air masses quickly from the free troposphere to the surface. After descent from the Antarctic free troposphere, trajectories suggest that sea-ice boundary layer air masses travelled equatorward into the low-albedo Southern Ocean region, transporting with them emissions and these aerosol nuclei which, after growth, may potentially impact on the region's radiative balance. The high aerosol concentrations and their transport pathways described here, could help reduce the discrepancy currently present between simulations and observations of cloud and aerosol over the Southern Ocean.
Assessing the benefit of snow data assimilation for runoff modelling in alpine catchments
Authors: Griessinger Nena , Seibert Jan , Magnusson Jan , Jonas Tobias
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Snow models have been developed with a wide range of complexity depending on the purpose of application. In alpine catchments, snowmelt often is a major contribution to runoff; therefore, modeling snow processes is important when concerned with flood or drought forecasting, reservoir operation and inland waterway management. In this study, we address the question, whether the performance of a hydrological model can be enhanced by integrating data from a dedicated external snow monitoring system. As a framework for our tests we used the hydrological model HBV (in the version HBV light), which has been applied in many hydrological studies and is also in use for operational purposes. While HBV originally follows a temperature index approach with time-invariant calibrated degree-day factors to represent snowmelt, in this study the HBV model was modified to use snowmelt time series from an external and spatially distributed snow model as model input. The external snow model integrates three-dimensional sequential assimilation of snow monitoring data with a snowmelt model, which is also based on the temperature-index approach but uses a time-variant degree-day factor. The following three variations of this external snow model were applied: a) the full model with assimilation of observational snow data from a dense monitoring network, b) the same snow model but with data assimilation switched off, c) a downgraded version of the same snow model representing snowmelt with a time-invariant degree-day factor. Model runs were conducted for 20 catchments at different elevations within Switzerland for 15 years. Our results show that at low and mid elevations the performance of the runoff simulations did not vary considerably with the snow model version chosen. At higher elevations, however, best performance in terms of simulated runoff was obtained when using the snowmelt time series from the snow model, which utilized data assimilation. This was especially true for snow-rich years. These findings suggest that with increasing elevation and correspondingly increased contribution of snowmelt to runoff, the accurate estimation of snowmelt rates gains importance.
Mixed Method of Extreme Value Theory, with Application to the Calculation of the Portion of Each Claim Payable by the Reinsurer of Excess of Sinister
Authors: Xu Yingmei , Ladji Kane , Daouda Diawara
Published: February 2016

In the literature many determinists approaches (numerical and graphical methods), probability (the probability law, extreme value theory, Bayesian methods) exist for the detection of grave sinister. In this paper, we will give a new characterization of the mixed method of extreme value theory. These results are applied to the simulated data of a Malian insurance company.
Extended Attribute Grammars
Authors: Watt David A.
Published: February 2016

Two new formalisms are introduced: extended attribute grammars, which are capable of defining completely the syntax of programming languages, and extended attributed trans!ation grammars, which are additionally capable of defining their semantics by translation. These grammars are concise and readable, and their suitability for language definition is demonstrated by a realistic example. The suitability of a large class of these grammars for compiler construction is also established, by borrowing the techniques already developed for attribute grammars and affix grammars.

Revised version of Glasgow Report No.10
Modelling and Simulation of a Network Management System using Hierarchical Coloured Petri Nets: Extended version
Authors: Christensen Søren , Jepsen Leif Obel
Published: February 2016

Development of distributed software systems is a complex task. This paper argues that design and specification can be supported by modelling and simulation using Hierarchical Coloured Petri Nets (CP-nets). This conclusion is based on a case study of a project in which CP-nets were used in the detailed design of a software module. The software module is part of the Network Management System of the RcPAX X.25 wide area network. The module was designed using the Design/CPN tool which allows editing and simulation of CP-nets. Furthermore invariant techniques were used to prove properties of the module.

Genoptrykt i Oktober 1994 i 100 eksemplarer.