bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the frequency, prognosis and survival of RUNX1 and ASXL1 mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia in northeastern Iran
Authors: Parsa‐kondelaji Mohammad , Ayatollahi Hossein , Rostami Mehrdad , Sheikhi Maryam , Barzegar Faezeh , Afzalaghaee Monnavar , Moradi Elmira , Sadeghian Mohammad Hadi , Momtazi‐Borojeni Amir Abbas
Published: June 2022

To evaluate the frequency and prognosis of runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and additional sex combs like‐1 (ASXL1) mutations in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients in northeastern Iran. This cross‐sectional study was performed on 40 patients with AML (including 35 patients with denovo AML and five patients with secondary AML) from February 2018 to February 2021. All patients were followed up for 36 months. We evaluated the frequency and survival rate of RUNX1 and ASXL1 mutations in AML patients. To detect mutations, peripheral blood samples and bone marrow aspiration were taken from all participants. One male patient (2.5%) had RUNX1 mutations and four cases (10%; 3 females vs. 1 male) had ASXL1 mutations. The survival rates of AML patients after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 36 months were 98%, 90%, 77%, 62%, 52%, 27% and 20%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the occurrence of ASXL1 mutations and the survival of patients with AML (p = 0.027). Also, there was a significant relationship between the incidence of death and haemoglobin levels in patients with AML (p = 0.045). Thus, with an increase of one unit in patients' haemoglobin levels, the risk of death is reduced by 16.6%. Patients with AML had a high mortality rate, poor therapy outcome and low survival rate. ASXL1 and RUNX1 mutations are associated with a worse prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed AML. Also, we witnessed that the prevalence of ASXL1 to RUNX1 mutations was higher in northeastern Iran compared with other regions.
Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis: a series of eight cases
Authors: Spencer A. , Watchorn R.E. , Kravvas G. , Ben‐Salha I. , Haider A. , Francis N. , Freeman A. , Alnajjar H.M. , Muneer A. , Bunker C.B.
Published: June 2022

Background

Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis (PEKMB) is a clinicopathological entity characterized clinically by micaceous scale on the glans, and histologically by acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. We present a series of eight cases of this rare condition, the first series of more than two cases to be reported.

Objectives

To determine the clinical and histological characteristics of cases of PEKMB, and evaluate treatments used and clinical course.

Methods

This monocentric case series was conducted at the University College London Hospitals tertiary male genital dermatology clinic between April 2018 and August 2020. Eight patients with PEKMB were evaluated. Data were collected on demographics, clinical presentation, histological features, presence of human papilloma virus (HPV), history of lichen sclerosus, treatment of PEKMB and subsequent response, and presence or development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) during follow‐up.

Results

Eight Caucasian males presented with clinical and histological evidence of PEKMB. Seven had a background of lichen sclerosus; two had failed treatment with superpotent topical steroids and four had symptoms for three or more years prior to circumcision. There was no clinical or histological relationship with HPV infection, and p16 staining was negative. HPV PCR, performed in two cases, was negative. Basal atypia, insufficient to amount to PeIN, was present in six patients. One patient progressed to PeIN during follow‐up, and no patient progressed to invasive malignancy. Five patients were treated successfully with glans resurfacing and split skin graft reconstruction.

Conclusions

Our observations demonstrate that PEKMB represents a form of chronic, undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, inadequately treated or treatment refractory, unstable lichen sclerosus. The significant potential for squamous carcinogenesis (differentiated PeIN and verrucous carcinoma) can be mitigated by timely diagnosis and treatment. Glans resurfacing and split skin graft reconstruction appears to be a successful treatment modality in patients with refractory disease.
Estimating nitrate intake in the Australian diet: Design and validation of a food frequency questionnaire
Authors: McMahon Nicholas F. , Brooker Paige G. , Kadach Stefan , Pavey Toby G. , Leveritt Michael D.
Published: June 2022

Background

Dietary nitrates may play a role in mediating several key physiological processes impacting health and/or exercise performance. However, current methods for assessing dietary nitrate (NO3−) consumption are inadequate. The present study aimed to examine the dietary nitrate intake in a sample of 50 healthy adults, as well as test the validity of a purposefully developed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

Methods

Dietary nitrate intake was estimated over a week using (i) three 24‐h dietary recalls; (ii) a short‐term (7‐day) FFQ; and (iii) a biomarker (urinary nitrate), in conjunction with a nitrate reference database.

Results

Daily dietary nitrate intake estimates were 130.94 mg (average of three 24‐h recalls) and 180.62 mg (FFQ). The mean urinary NO3− excretion was 1974.79 µmol day–1 (or 917.9 µmol L–1). Despite the difference between the two dietary assessment methods, there was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.736, ρ < 0.001) between the two tools. There was also a positive correlation between urinary NO3− and 24‐h recall data (r = 0.632, ρ < 0.001), as well as between urinary NO3− and FFQ (r = 0.579, ρ < 0.001).

Conclusions

The ability to accurately estimate nitrate intakes depends on having suitable reference methods to estimate the concentrations of nitrate in the food supply, coupled with valid and reliable dietary assessment tools. Based on the findings from the present study, at an individual level, dietary recalls or records may be more accurate in estimating intakes of NO3−. However, given the lower cost and time needed for administration relative to recalls, the FFQ has merit for estimating NO3− intakes in health interventions, dietary surveys and surveillance programs.
Relationship between histomorphological findings and platelet activation in psoriasis
Authors: Eren Karanis Meryem İlkay , Küçükosmanoğlu İlknur , Oltulu Pembe , Kılınç Fahriye , Özer İlkay
Published: June 2022

Background

Elevated platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), and Platelet Mass Index (PMI) are reported in patients with psoriasis, while platelet activation is associated with psoriasis severity. Available studies examining the relationship between platelet activation markers and psoriasis have mostly focused on psoriasis area severity index. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study examining the relationship between histopathological features of a single psoriatic plaque and platelet activation. The present study examined the relationship between histomorphological findings obtained by morphometric analysis and psoriasis patients' PC, MPV, and PMI values.

Materials and Methods

Morphometric analysis was performed on hematoxylin and eosin‐stained preparations of skin biopsies to measure minimum suprapapillary epidermis thickness (SPETmin) and maximum epidermal thickness (ETmax), maximum suprapapillary keratosis thickness (SPKTmax), and maximum keratosis thickness (KTmax). The relationship between PC, MPV, PMI, and morphometric skin biopsy outcomes was evaluated.

Results

While an inverse correlation was found between SPETmin and PC and PMI in cases with psoriasis (p values = 0.015 and 0.005, r values = −0.238 and −0.271, respectively), no significant correlation was found between SPETmin and MPV (p value = 0.600, r value = −. 052). On the contrary, no significant correlation was found between SPKTmax, ETmax, and KTmax values and platelet parameters.

Conclusion

We assume that an increased risk of platelet activation‐related diseases is expected in psoriasis patients displaying histopathological findings of suprapapillary thinning due to increased platelet activation; therefore, it may be beneficial to monitor these patients in terms of such risks.
How could a new universal code of conduct prevent and resolve sovereign debt crises? Proposals for design and implementation
Authors: Berensmann Kathrin
Published: June 2022

In response to the COVID‐19 crisis, government spending around the world has increased significantly and will continue to grow as interest rates rise. In view of protracted and costly sovereign debt restructurings in the previous decades, contractual and noncontractual instruments of the Global Debt Governance‐system have been insufficient to prevent and to resolve sovereign debt crisis. While statutory and comprehensive approaches to resolve sovereign debt crises lack the political support such as an insolvency procedure for states incomprehensive contractual approaches including collective action clauses (CACs) cannot fully secure a comprehensive debt resolution. Codes of conduct could constitute an essential instrument to contribute to preventing and resolving sovereign debt crises. There are two main impediments for establishing and adopting such codes of conduct effectively. First, a range of codes of conduct with different institutional settings and principles have been established − and partly implemented − including those of the Institute of International Finance, the United Nations, the G20, the IMF and the OECD. However, differing institutional settings do not contribute to preventing or effectively resolving debt crises when the actors concerned apply different codes of conduct. We suggest a new universal code of conduct in which the elements of the various proposals made by the public and private sectors would be combined. Second, the global economic governance structure lacks incentives for creditors and debtors to adhere to this new universal code of conduct. This paper proposes measures providing incentives for creditors and debtors to apply the nonstatutory code of conduct.
Effect of serving containers on the consumer acceptance of Doenjang stew
Authors: Hwang Ji‐sun , Kim Mina K.
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to determine effects of serving containers on the consumer acceptance of doenjang stew. Consumer acceptance testing was conducted on two doenjang paste samples (i.e., commercially produced and traditionally produced doenjang, respectively) used to prepare doenjang stew by following a standard recipe (N = 88). In this experiment, the main variables included serving containers of doenjang stews: ttukbaegi (an earthen pot), a melamine bowl, and a disposable plastic cup. Consumers preferred doenjang stew made of commercially produced doenjang over traditionally produced doenjang stew regardless of the serving container. When doenjang stew was served in a disposable plastic cup, significant decrease in liking was observed in comparison with doenjang stew served in other containers regardless of the type of doenjang. Increase in the overall liking of doenjang stews was observed when served in ttukbaegi (an earthen pot) at appearance‐only evaluation condition. However, from results of taste evaluation, no difference in liking according to the serving container was observed. The change in the serving container affected product appearance evaluation, but not in taste evaluation. In other words, when tasting is involved, intrinsic factors such as taste or flavor have a greater influence on liking than extrinsic factors such as serving containers.

Practical Applications

Doenjang is fermented soybean paste, which is typically included in a stew or soup recipe. Stew is typically served in containers of ttukbaegi or soup bowls. On the other hand, most consumer studies have utilized disposable cups or bowls for serving doenjang stews. In this study, whether serving containers affect the consumer acceptance of doenjang stews was investigated. Results of this study suggested that the impact of serving containers on the consumer acceptance of doenjang stew is minimal when tasting is involved in consumer evaluation; this result indicated that compared with serving containers, intrinsic factors affect consumer liking to a higher extent. These results can provide valuable information for the experimental design of future consumer studies on doenjang‐type food items.
Sensitive and high-accuracy detection of Salmonella based on CRISPR/Cas12a combined with recombinase polymerase amplification
Authors: Mao X. , Zhao Y. , Jiang J. , Du Q. , Tu B. , Li J. , Wang F.
Published: June 2022

Salmonella is a crucial food-borne pathogen causing food poisoning, leading to severe public health events. Here, we developed a technique by integrating recombinase polymerase amplification with CRISPR-LbCas12a and employing two targets with engineered crRNA for detection of Salmonella (RPA-LbCas12a-TTECDS). Our findings revealed that this novel method rapidly detects trace Salmonella in food through fluorescence intensity and provides a template for other food-borne pathogen detection methods. Further, crRNA was optimized to increase detection sensitivity. Double targets were used to enhance the detection accuracy, reaching the level of qPCR, which was superior to fluorescent RPA. The RPA-LbCas12a-TTECDS system specifically detected Salmonella levels as low as 50 CFU per ml at 37°C in 1 h. In summary, a simple, rapid, sensitive and high accuracy detection technique based on CRISPR-Cas12a was created for Salmonella detection without complicated equipment.
The public–private governance regime on sustainable ship recycling: An in‐depth analysis
Authors: Glinski Carola
Published: June 2022

To address global sustainability issues, legal frameworks increasingly build upon private governance contributions such as private standardization and/or private certification. This is particularly true for ship recycling under the Hong Kong Convention and its European implementation, the Ship Recycling Regulation. After a brief introduction into the old public law approach as compared with the new public–private governance structure, the article offers a critical in‐depth analysis of the effectiveness of the new governance structure based upon private certification. It thereby draws from research in, and experience with, traditional ship classification as well as other certification systems in European Union law. The article concludes that, despite laudable elements, the governance structure of the Ship Recycling Regulation has some important gaps and does not remedy the classical conflicts of interest of certification organizations. Among others, it should be complemented with a liability regime.
One‐year follow‐up CT findings in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Watanabe Atsuyuki , So Matsuo , Iwagami Masao , Fukunaga Koichi , Takagi Hisato , Kabata Hiroki , Kuno Toshiki
Published: June 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) often causes radiological and functional pulmonary sequelae. However, evidence on 1‐year follow‐up of pulmonary sequelae is limited. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and time‐course of pulmonary sequelae after recovery from COVID‐19 through 1‐year follow‐up. We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases on 25 February 2022, and included studies with computed tomography (CT) findings at the 1‐year follow‐up. The extracted data on CT findings were analysed using a one‐group meta‐analysis. We further analysed the data in relation to COVID‐19 severity, improvement rate and lung function. Fifteen eligible studies (N = 3134) were included. One year after COVID‐19, 32.6% (95% CI 24.0–42.6, I2 = 92.9%) presented with residual CT abnormalities. Ground‐glass opacity and fibrotic‐like changes were frequently observed in 21.2% (95% CI 15.4–28.4, I2 = 86.7%) and 20.6% (95% CI 11.0–35.2, I2 = 91.9%), respectively. While the gradual recovery was seen on CT (52.9% [mid‐term] vs. 32.6% [1 year]), the frequency of CT abnormalities was higher in the severe/critical cases than in the mild/moderate cases (37.7% vs. 20.7%). In particular, fibrotic changes showed little improvement between 4–7 months and 1 year after COVID‐19. Pulmonary function tests at 1 year also showed the decline in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, especially in severe/critical cases. Our meta‐analysis indicated that residual CT abnormalities were common in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients 1 year after recovery, especially fibrotic changes in severe/critical cases. As these sequelae may last long, vigilant observations and longer follow‐up periods are warranted.
Government ideology and international migration*
Authors: Bove Vincenzo , Efthyvoulou Georgios , Pickard Harry
Published: June 2022

We provide the first empirical evidence that government ideology affects the choice of migration destinations. As ruling political parties differ in their discourse, policies, and positions on migration, the ideology differential between the host and home country governments can shape the relative generosity of the welfare system, the degree of tolerance towards out‐groups, and the restrictiveness of migration policies, all acting as important drivers of international migration. Using data on bilateral migration and government ideology for OECD countries between 1990 and 2016, we show that migration flows increase when the government at the destination becomes more left‐wing relative to the government at the origin, particularly when both countries are members of the European Economic Area.
Pharmacological and exercise‐induced activation of AMPK as emerging therapies for myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients
Authors: Ravel‐Chapuis Aymeric , Duchesne Elise , Jasmin Bernard J.
Published: June 2022

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic disorder with variable clinical features. Currently, there is no cure or effective treatment for DM1. The disease is caused by an expansion of CUG repeats in the 3′ UTR of DMPK mRNAs. Mutant DMPK mRNAs accumulate in nuclei as RNA foci and trigger an imbalance in the level and localization of RNA‐binding proteins causing the characteristic missplicing events that account for the varied DM1 symptoms, a disease mechanism referred to as RNA toxicity. In recent years, multiple signalling pathways have been identified as being aberrantly regulated in skeletal muscle in response to the CUG expansion, including AMPK, a sensor of energy status, as well as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. Converging lines of evidence highlight the benefits of activating AMPK signalling pharmacologically on RNA toxicity, as well as on muscle histology and function, in preclinical DM1 models. Importantly, a clinical trial with metformin, an activator of AMPK, resulted in functional benefits in DM1 patients. In addition, exercise, a known AMPK activator, has shown promising effects on RNA toxicity and muscle function in DM1 mice. Finally, clinical trials involving moderate‐intensity exercise also induced functional benefits for DM1 patients. Taken together, these studies clearly demonstrate the molecular, histological and functional benefits of AMPK activation and exercise‐based interventions on the DM1 phenotype. Despite these advances, several key questions remain; in particular, the extent of the true implication of AMPK in the observed beneficial improvements, as well as how, mechanistically, activation of AMPK signalling improves the DM1 pathophysiology.

image
An Investigation of Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine Using Heterogeneous Catalyst Jatropha Biodiesel: A Sustainable Model Using Taguchi and Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Singh Aparna , Choudhary Akhilesh Kumar , Sinha Shailendra
Published: June 2022

Excessive consumption of fossil fuels has exacerbated global warming and led to an increase in air pollution levels in the environment. The increasing oil demand prompted recent research to explore the future application of alternative, eco-friendly fuels for diesel engines. Jatropha biodiesel has been produced from JCO, using heterogeneous catalyst (CaO) through transesterification process. In this study, the performance and emission characteristics of an engine powered by a Jatropha biodiesel blends have been investigated. The application of response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Taguchi method for optimization of engine input parameters is promising approach to derive the most accurate optimized models for output responses. Input parameters such as biodiesel blend, load, CR, and FIP were selected, experiments were designed as per L18 orthogonal array in Taguchi, and CCFCD L20 design matrix for RSM methodology. Injection timing is an essential engine characteristic, which has a considerable effect on the ordering emissions. If injection is done early, the starting air temperature and pressure are lower, which means the ignition delay will rise. The ignition delay may begin at any time after the injection begins, resulting in somewhat increased temperature and pressure initially but which then rapidly declines as the ignition delay progresses. The optimal setting of engine input parameters is recorded at 270 bar fuel injection pressure, compression ratio of 18, 7.61 kg load, and 25% blend of Jatropha biodiesel with diesel for optimum BTHE, BMEP, BSFC, Pmax, CO, and NOx emissions. Experimental results are compared with optimum output responses and deviations are found within the accepted range of errors.
Physical effects of sound exposure from underwater explosions on Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus): Effects on non-auditory tissues
Authors: Jenkins A. Keith , Dahl Peter H. , Kotecki Sarah E. , Bowman Victoria , Casper Brandon , Boerger Christiana , Popper Arthur N.
Published: June 2022

Underwater explosions from activities such as construction, demolition, and military activities can damage non-auditory tissues in fishes. To better understand these effects, Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) were placed in mid-depth cages with water depth of approximately 19.5 m and exposed at distances of 21 to 807 m to a single mid-depth detonation of C4 explosive (6.2 kg net explosive weight). Following exposure, potential correlations between blast acoustics and observed physical effects were examined. Primary effects were damage to the swim bladder and kidney that exceeded control levels at ≤333 m from the explosion [peak sound pressure level 226 dB re 1 μPa, sound exposure level (SEL) 196 dB re 1 μPa2 s, pressure impulse 98 Pa s]. A proportion of fish were dead upon retrieval at 26–40 min post exposure in 6 of 12 cages located ≤157 m from the explosion. All fish that died within this period suffered severe injuries, especially swim bladder and kidney rupture. Logistic regression models demonstrated that fish size or mass was not important in determining susceptibility to injury and that peak pressure and SEL were better predictors of injury than was pressure impulse.
Estimated cochlear neural degeneration is associated with loudness hypersensitivity in individuals with normal audiograms
Authors: Jahn Kelly N. , Hancock Kenneth E. , Maison Stéphane F. , Polley Daniel B.
Published: June 2022

In animal models, cochlear neural degeneration (CND) is associated with excess central gain and hyperacusis, but a compelling link between reduced cochlear neural inputs and heightened loudness perception in humans remains elusive. The present study examined whether greater estimated cochlear neural degeneration (eCND) in human participants with normal hearing thresholds is associated with heightened loudness perception and sound aversion. Results demonstrated that loudness perception was heightened in ears with greater eCND and in subjects who self-report loudness aversion via a hyperacusis questionnaire. These findings suggest that CND may be a potential trigger for loudness hypersensitivity.
Coupling Magnetic Field and Salinity Upshock To Improve Polyhydroxyalkanoate Productivity by Haloferax mediterranei Feeding on Molasses Wastewater
Authors: Chen Si , Cui You-Wei , Huang Mei-Qi
Published: June 2022

The obstacle to replacing petroplastics with PHA is its high production cost. To increase the fermentation economy, a novel strategy of coupling a MF with salinity upshock was applied, which enhanced the PHA volumetric productivity of
H. mediterranei
in fermenting molasses wastewater.
A Functional Analysis of the Purine Salvage Pathway in Acetobacter fabarum
Authors: Newell Peter D. , Preciado Leticia M. , Murphy Christopher G.
Published: June 2022

Acetobacter
are commonly found in the gut microbiota of fruit flies, including
Drosophila melanogaster
. We evaluated the function of purine salvage genes in
Acetobacter fabarum
to test the hypothesis that this bacterium can utilize host metabolites as a source of nitrogen.
Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Is Stabilized by the Deubiquitinating Enzyme VCPIP1 in a Ubiquitin-Independent Manner by Recruiting the 26S Proteasome Subunit PSMC3
Authors: Wu Qiong , Zhang Lu , Xu Xiazhen , Zhang Yi , Shi Jiajian , Lin Xu , Chen Wannan
Published: June 2022

HBx is a multifunctional viral oncoprotein that plays an essential role in the viral life cycle and hepatocarcinogenesis. HBx degradation occurs through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS).
Characterization of Distinct Biofilm Cell Subpopulations and Implications in Quorum Sensing and Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Dodson Taylor A. , Carlson Eric A. , Wamer Nathan C. , Morse Chase N. , Gadient Jennifer N. , Prestwich Erin G.
Published: June 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilms can cause chronic infections in burn wounds, grow on medical equipment, and proliferate in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis. These inherently antibiotic tolerant biofilms are difficult to eradicate largely due to the complexity of the biofilm environment.
Highly Specialized Carbohydrate Metabolism Capability in
Bifidobacterium
Strains Associated with Intestinal Barrier Maturation in Early Preterm Infants
Authors: Ma Bing , Sundararajan Sripriya , Nadimpalli Gita , France Michael , McComb Elias , Rutt Lindsay , Lemme-Dumit Jose M. , Janofsky Elise , Roskes Lisa S. , Gajer Pawel , Fu Li , Yang Hongqiu , Humphrys Mike , Tallon Luke J. , Sadzewicz Lisa , Pasetti Marcela F. , Ravel Jacques , Viscardi Rose M.
Published: June 2022

Despite improvements in neonatal intensive care, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. “Leaky gut,” or intestinal barrier immaturity with elevated intestinal permeability, is the proximate cause of susceptibility to NEC. Early detection and intervention to prevent leaky gut in “at-risk” preterm neonates are critical for decreasing the risk of potentially life-threatening complications like NEC.
The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Effects of Early-Life Stress and Dietary Fatty Acids on Later-Life Central and Metabolic Outcomes in Mice
Authors: Reemst Kitty , Tims Sebastian , Yam Kit-Yi , Mischke Mona , Knol Jan , Brul Stanley , Schipper Lidewij , Korosi Aniko
Published: June 2022

Early-life stress (ELS) leads to increased vulnerability to develop mental and metabolic disorders; however, the biological mechanisms leading to such programming are not fully clear. Increased attention has been given to the importance of the gut microbiota as a determinant of long-term health and as a potential target for noninvasive nutritional strategies to protect against the negative impact of ELS.
First Report of the Colistin Resistance Gene
mcr-10.1
Carried by Inc
pA1763-KPC
Plasmid pSL12517-mcr10.1 in Enterobacter cloacae in Sierra Leone
Authors: Guan Jiayao , Li Letian , Zheng Lin , Lu Gejin , Wang Ying , Lakoh Sulaiman , Sevalie Stephen , Jiang Bowen , Ji Xue , Sun Yang , Liu Jun , Zhu Lingwei , Guo Xuejun
Published: June 2022

Colistin is used as one of the last available choices of antibiotics for patients infected by carbapenem-resistant bacterial strains, but the unrestricted use of colistin aggravated the acquisition and dissemination of mobile colistin resistance (
mcr
) genes. So far, 10
mcr
genes have been reported in four continents around the world.
Automatic segmentation of multitype retinal fluid from optical coherence tomography images using semisupervised deep learning network
Authors: Li Feng , Pan WenZhe , Xiang Wenjie , Zou Haidong
Published: June 2022

Background/aims

To develop and validate a deep learning model for automated segmentation of multitype retinal fluid using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.

Methods

We retrospectively collected a total of 2814 completely anonymised OCT images with subretinal fluid (SRF) and intraretinal fluid (IRF) from 141 patients between July 2018 and June 2020, constituting our in-house retinal OCT dataset. On this dataset, we developed a novel semisupervised retinal fluid segmentation deep network (Ref-Net) to automatically identify SRF and IRF in a coarse-to-refine fashion. We performed quantitative and qualitative analyses on the model’s performance while verifying its generalisation ability by using our in-house retinal OCT dataset for training and an unseen Kermany dataset for testing. We also determined the importance of major components in the semisupervised Ref-Net through extensive ablation. The main outcome measures were Dice similarity coefficient (Dice), sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe) and mean absolute error (MAE).

Results

Our model trained on a handful of labelled OCT images manifested higher performance (Dice: 81.2%, Sen: 87.3%, Spe: 98.8% and MAE: 1.1% for SRF; Dice: 78.0%, Sen: 83.6%, Spe: 99.3% and MAE: 0.5% for IRF) over most cutting-edge segmentation models. It obtained expert-level performance with only 80 labelled OCT images and even exceeded two out of three ophthalmologists with 160 labelled OCT images. Its satisfactory generalisation capability across an unseen dataset was also demonstrated.

Conclusion

The semisupervised Ref-Net required only la few labelled OCT images to generate outstanding performance in automate segmentation of multitype retinal fluid, which has the potential for providing assistance for clinicians in the management of ocular disease.
Impact of COVID-19 on patients awaiting ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Pius Charlene , Ahmad Hasan , Snowdon Richard , Ashrafi Reza , Waktare Johan EP , Borbas Zoltan , Luther Vishal , Mahida Saagar , Modi Simon , Hall Mark , Gupta Dhiraj , Todd Derick
Published: June 2022

Objective

Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation services were significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate a symptom-based clinician prioritisation scheme for waiting list management compared with patient-completed quality of life (QoL) scores. We also sought to understand factors influencing QoL, particularly the impact of COVID-19, on patients awaiting AF ablation, via a bespoke questionnaire.

Methods

Patients awaiting AF ablation were sent two QoL questionnaires (Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy of Life (AFEQT) and EuroQol 5D (EQ5D-5L)) and the bespoke questionnaire. At a separate time point, patients were categorised as C1—urgent, C2—priority or C3—routine by their cardiologist based on review of clinic letters.

Results

There were 118 patients included with priority categorisation available for 86 patients. Median AFEQT scores were lower in C2 (30.4; 17.2–51.9) vs C3 patients (56.5; 32.1–74.1; p<0.01). Unplanned admission occurred in 3 patients in C3 with AFEQT scores of <40. Although 65 patients had AF symptoms during the pandemic, 43.1% did not seek help where they ordinarily would have. An exercise frequency of ≥3–4 times a week was associated with higher AFEQT (56.5; 41.2–74.1; p<0.001) and EQ5D (0.84; 0.74–0.88; p<0.0001) scores.

Conclusion

The QoL of patients awaiting AF ablation is impaired and AFEQT helps to identify patients at risk of admission, over and above physician assessment. COVID-19 influenced patients seeking medical attention with symptomatic AF when they normally would. Regular exercise is associated with better QoL in patients awaiting AF ablation.
Excise taxes and pricing activities of e-liquid products sold in online vape shops
Authors: Ma Shaoying , Jiang Shuning , Ling Meng , Lu Bo , Chen Jian , Shang Ce
Published: June 2022

Background

Although e-cigarette excise taxes have great potential to prevent the initiation and escalation of e-cigarette use, little information is available on pricing activities of online vape shops, and how well taxation is implemented during web-based sales remains unclear.

Objectives

We examine e-liquid pricing activities in popular online vape shops that sell nationwide in the USA and present how those stores charge excise taxes based on shipping addresses in states and local jurisdictions that have e-cigarette taxation in place.

Methods

We collect e-liquid sales prices from five online vape shops using web data extraction, standardise prices for e-liquid products, and present e-liquid price distribution in the whole sample and in each store, as well as variations of excise taxes across states/local jurisdictions and between stores. The price data were scraped from the store websites from February to May in 2021.

Results

We collected data on 14 477 e-liquid products from five stores. The average price of e-liquids is $0.25/mL, and the median price is $0.20/mL in our sample. E-liquid products sold online are very affordable and the average prices are lower compared with price estimates using other sources (eg, self-reports, sales data). In addition, online stores charge state excise taxes inconsistently and fail to comply with county-level or city-level excise taxes.

Conclusion

E-liquid products sold online are priced low, and stricter enforcement of e-cigarette excise tax is needed in online purchasing channels.
Prediction of ground-borne vibrations induced by impact pile driving: experimental validation of an equivalent linear approach
Authors: Colaço A. , Costa P. Alves , Ferreira C. , Parente C. , Cardoso A. Silva
Published: June 2022

Impact pile driving is one interesting possibility to install deep foundations from the economic and technical point of view. However, it is necessary to ensure that the ambiental drawbacks, namely ground-borne vibrations, are adequately met. In that way, the authors propose an axisymmetric finite element method-perfectly matched layer approach, where the nonlinear behavior of the soil is attended by an equivalent linear methodology. Given the complexity of the problem, an experimental test site was developed and fully characterized. The experimental work comprises in situ and laboratorial soil characterization as well as the measurement of vibrations induced during pile driving. The comparison between experimental and numerical results achieved a very good agreement, making the proposed numerical approach suitable for the prediction of vibrations induced by impact pile driving.
Resolving naked singularities in $$\alpha ^{\prime }$$-corrected string theory
Authors: Ying Shuxuan
Published: June 2022

Low energy effective action of bosonic string theory possesses a kind of singular static solution which can be interpreted as a naked singularity. Based on the Hohm–Zwiebach action, the naked singularities could be smoothed out by introducing the complete $$\alpha ^{\prime }$$

α
′

corrections of string theory. In this paper, we present two sets of non-singular solutions, which are also regular everywhere in the Einstein frame. In the perturbative region $$\alpha ^{\prime }\rightarrow 0$$

α
′

→
0

, the solutions reduce to the perturbative results. Our result provides extra evidence for weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC) from a viewpoint of string theory.
Event topology and constituent-quark scaling of elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider using a multiphase transport model
Authors: Mallick Neelkamal , Tripathy Sushanta , Sahoo Raghunath
Published: June 2022

Transverse spherocity is an event shape observable, which separates the events based on their geometrical shapes. In this work, we use transverse spherocity to study the identified light flavor production in heavy-ion collisions using A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model. We obtain the elliptic flow coefficients for pions, kaons and protons in Pb+Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\mathrm{{NN}}} = 5.02$$

s
NN

=
5.02

 TeV as a function of transverse spherocity and collision centrality. Also, we study the number of constituent-quark (NCQ) scaling of elliptic flow which interprets the dominance of the quark degrees of freedom at the early stages of the collision. We observe a clear dependence of the elliptic flow for identified particles on transverse spherocity. It is found that the NCQ-scaling is strongly violated in events with low transverse spherocity compared to transverse spherocity-integrated events, confirming the fragmentation-based hadronization mechanism for high-momentum partons involved in the dynamics of jetty-like events.
A test of the evolution of gas depletion factor in galaxy clusters using strong gravitational lensing systems
Authors: Holanda R. F. L. , Bora Kamal , Desai Shantanu
Published: June 2022

In this work, we discuss a new method to probe the redshift evolution of the gas depletion factor, i.e. the ratio by which the gas mass fraction of galaxy clusters is depleted with respect to the universal mean of baryon fraction. The dataset we use for this purpose consists of 40 gas mass fraction measurements measured at $$r_{2500}$$

r
2500

using Chandra X-ray observations, strong gravitational lensing sub-samples obtained from SLOAN Lens ACS + BOSS Emission-line Lens Survey (BELLS) + Strong Legacy Survey SL2S + SLACS. For our analysis, the validity of the cosmic distance duality relation is assumed. We find a mildly decreasing trend for the gas depletion factor as a function of redshift at about 2.7$$\sigma $$
σ
.
A Steganography Embedding Method Based on CDF-DWT Technique for Reversible Data Hiding Application Using Elgamal Algorithm
Authors: Upendra Raju Konduru , Prabha Nagarajan Amutha
Published: June 2022

Steganography is a data hiding method mainly used in the security purposes. While hiding more data in the embedding process the data may be lost and also cause some security problems. To avoid this problem a Steganography Embedding method is used. In this manuscript, Steganography Embedding method based on Cohen–Daubechies–Feauveau Discrete Wavelet Transform (CDF-DWT) technique to data hiding application using Elgamal algorithm is proposed. In this the cover image is taken for hiding the secret data. Then the cover image edges are detected and filtered with Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) method. Then the input secret data is encrypted with Elgamal algorithm. Then the secret data is hided under cover image for obtaining the stego image by process of Embedding using CDF DWT technique. In this data in the stego images are unreadable. To get readable secured data is extracted from the stego image and the data’s are decrypted to get secured secret data. The objective of this method is to safe guard the secret using Steganography method and to increase embedding efficiency, Embedding capacity and carrier capacity and to reduce the execution time. The MATLAB simulation results of the proposed CDF DWT technique with Elgamal algorithm portrays better outcomes such as Peak to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) (lower), Bit Error Rate (BER) was Lower, Execution time provides is lower, Carrier Capacity and Embedding Capacity are much higher and the values are compared with the existing method such as Elliptic Galois in cryptography and in the Steganography method with Adaptive Firefly Algorithm (EGC-AFA), Reversible Data hiding within Encrypted images Via Adaptive Embedding Strategy with block selection (RDHEI-AES), Double Linear Regression Prediction based Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Image (DLRP-RDHEI) respectively.
Fuzzy Clustering-Based Financial Data Mining System Analysis and Design
Authors: Li Kun , Chen Yanjun
Published: June 2022

This paper is based on fuzzy clustering algorithm on financial data, design of financial data mining system and analysis of financial data, analysis of financial data on the financial decision-making mechanism, from financial data how to enhance the information base of the forecast, financial data how to improve the pertinence of decision-making, financial data how to build a new competitive advantage, financial data how to promote the dynamic decision-making of four, through the analysis of data in financial decision-making specific implementation cases, focusing on the real-life problems faced by the management and the effect of financial data platform to solve problems; finally, through this paper, we hope to provide reference and reference for other similar enterprises to apply financial data for financial decision-making. This paper first describes the theory of financial data, analyzes the mechanism of financial data and financial decision-making, how financial data enhance the information base of forecasting, how financial data improve the pertinence of decision-making, how financial data build a new competitive advantage, how financial data promote dynamic decision-making four dimensions to summarize.
A quantum partially blind signature scheme without entanglement
Authors: Zhong Juxiu , Liao Bolin , Shi Yuanquan , Lu Rongbo
Published: June 2022

In a quantum partially blind signature (QPBS) scheme, the contradiction between anonymity and controllability of completely blind signature (BS) schemes was better solved by adding common negotiated public information between the signer and the requester (the message holder). After reviewing the proposed scheme, we give an analysis about it and then propose a novel QPBS scheme without entanglement. The security without preconditions of this signature scheme is ensured by the secure quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol and quantum one-time pad (QOTP). Furthermore, in the process of security analysis, it proves that our scheme satisfies the foundational attribution of partially blind signature (PBS). Moreover, the scheme can solve the problem we put forward so as to allow it to have a wider application in the future.
A Simple memristive chaotic system with complex dynamics and ITS image encryption application
Authors: Cao Ke , Lai Qiang
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a new memristive chaotic system with a relatively simple structure and complex dynamic behavior is proposed by introducing an absolute memristor into the VB19 chaotic system as a positive feedback term. The analysis shows that the new system is a fractional dimensional dissipative system and is unstable at the line equilibrium point. The system’s dynamic characteristics are studied using a bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponent’s spectrum. The numerical simulation shows that the period-doubling bifurcation phenomenon occurs when changing the parameters and system change from period to chaos. When the initial condition changes, the dynamic evolution of the system indicates that the coexistence of multiple attractors and chaotic signals can be controlled by local amplitude. In addition, a new image encryption algorithm based on the system is designed and the performance of this algorithm is tested through numerical analyses. The system’s analog circuit is built using electronic components and also realized by the microprocessor. The circuit realization results consistent with the numerical simulation results are obtained to verify the physical existence of the system.
Optimal Inspection Policies to Minimize Expected Cost Rates
Authors: Mizutani Satoshi , Zhao Xufeng , Nakagawa Toshio
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose a computing algorithm to obtain optimal checking times which minimize the expected cost rate of sequential inspection models. This algorithm is applied to two modified inspection models with finite intervals such that the unit is checked at times [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) for given [Formula: see text] and given [Formula: see text]. The modified algorithms are proposed and optimal checking times to minimize the expected cost rates are obtained. Numerical examples of each model are given to show how to use the algorithm. This method would be applied to other sequential inspection models by its suitable modifications.
Early Parenting Interventions to Foster Human Capital in Developing Countries
Authors: Emmers Dorien , Caro Juan Carlos , Rozelle Scott , Sylvia Sean
Published: June 2022

One out of every three children under age 5 in developing countries lives in conditions that impede human capital development. In this study, we survey the literature on parenting training programs implemented before age 5, with the aim to increase parental investment in human capital accumulation in developing countries. Our review focuses on the implementation and effectiveness of parenting training programs (i.e., training in child psychosocial stimulation and/or training about nutrition). We emphasize the mechanisms that drive treatment-induced change in human capital outcomes and identify the demand- and supply-side behaviors that affect efficacy and effectiveness. Although the literature includes evidence on program features that are associated with successful interventions, further evidence on the dynamics of human capital formation, documentation of medium- to long-term persistence of treatment impacts, and research on the implementation and evaluation of programs at scale are needed to delineate a scalable and inclusive program that provides long-term treatment impacts.
Tumor-Associated Inflammation: The Tumor-Promoting Immunity in the Early Stages of Tumorigenesis
Authors: Bi Qing , Wu Ji-Yue , Qiu Xue-Meng , Zhang Jian-Dong , Sun Ze-Jia , Wang Wei
Published: June 2022

Tumorigenesis is a multistage progressive oncogenic process caused by alterations in the structure and expression level of multiple genes. Normal cells are continuously endowed with new capabilities in this evolution, leading to subsequent tumor formation. Immune cells are the most important components of inflammation, which is closely associated with tumorigenesis. There is a broad consensus in cancer research that inflammation and immune response facilitate tumor progression, infiltration, and metastasis via different mechanisms; however, their protumor effects are equally important in tumorigenesis at earlier stages. Previous studies have demonstrated that during the early stages of tumorigenesis, certain immune cells can promote the formation and proliferation of premalignant cells by inducing DNA damage and repair inhibition, releasing trophic/supporting signals, promoting immune escape, and activating inflammasomes, as well as enhance the characteristics of cancer stem cells. In this review, we focus on the potential mechanisms by which immune cells can promote tumor initiation and promotion in the early stages of tumorigenesis; furthermore, we discuss the interaction of the inflammatory environment and protumor immune cells with premalignant cells and cancer stem cells, as well as the possibility of early intervention in tumor formation by targeting these cellular mechanisms.