bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design method for checking tensile stresses under service loads in cracked prestressed concrete members with 2,400‐MPa strands
Authors: Joo Hyo‐Eun , Han Sun‐Jin , Lee Deuckhang , Ju Hyunjin , Seo Soo‐Yeon , Kim Kang Su
Published: October 2019

The ACI 318‐14 building code requirements specify that the net tensile stresses of prestressing strands under service loads (Δfps) shall be limited to 250 MPa for proper crack control of prestressed concrete (PC) members which are classified as Class C. However, as high‐strength prestressing strands with a tensile strength of 2,400 MPa have recently been developed and applied to PC members, this requirement needs to be reviewed. In this study, experiments and analysis were carried out in order to investigate the Δfps of PC members with the recently developed 2400 MPa strands, and in the test, the strain distributions, flexural crack widths, and stress change in bonded prestressed reinforcement were measured in detail according to the applied loads. In addition, the minimum magnitudes of effective prestress to satisfy the stress limitation of the net tensile stress of prestressing strands specified in the current design code were estimated using a nonlinear flexural analysis model, and a simplified design equation was proposed for a simple calculation of the Δfps at the design stage.
Design and Development of Highly Efficient Light‐Emitting Layers in OLEDs with Dimesitylboranes: An Updated Review
Authors: Huo Jinnan , Wang Hongbo , Li Shuhui , Shi Heping , Tang Youhong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2019

With excellent luminescent properties and transport properties, triarylborane compounds containing two mesitylenes (Mes) have gained much attention for their application in OLEDs as light‐emitting layers. This study serves as an updated review summarizing recent developments in the design of fluorescent chromophores and phosphorescent host materials for OLEDs comprising small molecular compounds of dimesitylborane (BMes2) as luminescent layers, with attention to the performance of different light‐emitting devices. Problems that need to be solved in the research and application of BMes2 in OLEDs are presented and the application prospects of such materials are suggested.
Removal of disinfection by‐products and their precursors during drinking water treatment processes
Authors: Lin Qiufeng , Dong Feilong , Miao Yunxia , Li Cong , Fei Weicheng
Published: October 2019

In this study, we investigated the control efficiency of a wide variety of disinfection by‐products (DBPs) (including trihalomethanes [THMs], haloacetic acids [HAAs], haloacetonitiles [HANs], haloketones [HKs], haloaldehydes [Has], and trihalonitromethanes [THNMs]) with different drinking water treatment processes including pre‐ozonation, coagulation–sedimentation, sand filtration, and ozone combined with biological activated carbon (O3‐BAC) advanced treatment processes. The assessment of the treatment efficiency regarding the removal of organic matter was measured by the excitation emission matrix (EEM) spectra. There was a superior efficiency in reducing the formation of DBPs and their precursors by different drinking water treatment processes. Though some DBPs such as THMs could be promoted by ozonation, these by‐products from ozonation could be degraded by the following BAC filtration process. In addition, the organic matter from the aromaticity, fulvic acid‐like, protein, and soluble microbial by‐products‐like regions could be further degraded by the O3‐BAC treatment.

Practitioner points

A wide variety of DBPs in different drinking water treatment processes was investigated.

The treatment efficiency regarding the removal of organic matter was measured.

Some DBPs such as THMs and HAAs could be increased by ozonation.

The removal percentage of nitrogen precursors and organic carbon would be increased by BAC filtration.
High‐resolution wavelength‐dispersive spectroscopy of K‐shell transitions in hydrogen‐like gold
Authors: Gassner T. , Gumberidze A. , Trassinelli M. , Heß R. , Spillmann U. , Banaś D. , Blumenhagen K.‐H. , Bosch F. , Brandau C. , Chen W. , Dimopoulou Chr. , Förster E. , Grisenti R.E. , Hagmann S. , Hillenbrand P.‐M. , Indelicato P. , Jagodzinski P. , Kämpfer T. , Lestinsky M. , Liesen D. , Litvinov Yu.A. , Loetzsch R. , Manil B. , Märtin R. , Nolden F. , Petridis N. , Sanjari M.S. , Schulze K.S. , Schwemlein M. , Simionovici A. , Steck M. , Stöhlker Th. , Szabo C.I. , Trotsenko S. , Uschmann I. , Weber G. , Wehrhan O. , Winckler N. , Winters D.F.A. , Winters N. , Ziegler E. , Beyer H.F.
Published: October 2019

We present a measurement of K‐shell transitions in H‐like gold (Au78+) using specially developed transmission type crystal spectrometers combined with Ge(i) microstrip detectors. The experiment has been carried out at the Experimental Storage Ring at GSI in Darmstadt. This is a first high‐resolution wavelength‐dispersive measurement of a K‐shell transition in a high‐Z H‐like ion, thus representing an important milestone in this field. Ideas on possible future improvements are discussed as well.
Teachers’ Memories and the Cold War: Introduction to Part II
Authors: Thorp Robert , Christophe Barbara
Published: October 2019

In their introduction to this second section of the volume, Robert Thorp and Barbara Christophe address the complex and interesting question of how history teachers’ personal memories and experiences of the past interact with their perceptions of historical events and a broader historical culture. They introduce the following chapters, revealing how different elements provide a rich and challenging field for research into memory practices and history education. History, they show, thus becomes a complex enterprise between serious academic study, personal memories, and broader cultural and ideological aspects of the past.
Learning from Others: Considerations within History Didactics on Introducing the Cold War in Lessons in Germany, Sweden and Switzerland
Authors: Gautschi Peter , Utz Hans
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, Peter Gautschi and Hans Utz compare introductory lessons on the topic of the Cold War from four different areas: former East and West Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Using quantitative data analysis and recent theory, they explore to what extent students are put in the focus in these lessons, prompting teachers to reflect on their own pedagogic approaches, the success of presenting, dialogue-oriented, task-based and discovery teaching, and the importance of student-led learning, which encourages students to see the relevance of historical events and historical thinking to their own lives. They encourage teachers to allow students to formulate their own value judgements and reflect on economic, social and cultural aspects of the period and formulate alternative methods for teaching history.
One-loop holography with strings in AdS4 × ℂℙ3
Authors: David Marina , de León Ardón Rodrigo , Faraggi Alberto , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A. , Silva Guillermo A.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We compute the one-loop effective action of string configurations embedded in AdS4 × ℂℙ3 which are dual to

$$ \frac{1}{6} $$

1
6

-BPS latitude Wilson Loops in the ABJM theory. To avoid ambiguities in the string path integral we subtract the

$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS case. The one-loop determinants are computed by Fourier-decomposing the two dimensional operators and then using the Gel’fand-Yaglom method. We comment on various aspects related to the regularization procedure, showing the cancellation of a hierarchy of divergences. After taking into account an IR anomaly from a change in topology, we find a precise agreement with the field theory result known from supersymmetric localization.
Massive higher spins: effective theory and consistency
Authors: Bellazzini Brando , Riva Francesco , Serra Javi , Sgarlata Francesco
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We construct the effective field theory for a single massive higher-spin particle in flat spacetime. Positivity bounds of the S-matrix force the cutoff of the theory to be well below the naive strong-coupling scale, forbid any potential and make therefore higher- derivative operators important even at low energy. As interesting application, we discuss in detail the massive spin-3 theory and show that an extended Galileon-like symmetry of the longitudinal modes, even with spin, emerges at high energy.
Composite 2HDM with singlets: a viable dark matter scenario
Authors: Davoli Alessandro , De Simone Andrea , Marzocca David , Morandini Alessandro
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We study the non-minimal composite Higgs model with global symmetry SO(7) broken to SO(5) × SO(2). The model results in a composite Two-Higgs doublet model (2HDM) equipped with two extra singlets, the lightest of which can be a viable dark matter candidate. The model is able to reproduce the correct dark matter relic density both via the usual thermal freeze-out and through late time decay of the heavier singlet. In the case of thermal freeze-out, it is possible to evade current experimental constraints even with the minimum fine tuning allowed by electroweak precision tests.
On mirror maps for manifolds of exceptional holonomy
Authors: Braun Andreas P. , Majumder Suvajit , Otto Alexander
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We study mirror symmetry of type II strings on manifolds with the exceptional holonomy groupsG2and Spin(7). Our central result is a construction of mirrors of Spin(7) manifolds realized as generalized connected sums. In parallel to twisted connected sumG2manifolds, mirrors of such Spin(7) manifolds can be found by applying mirror symmetry to the pair of non-compact manifolds they are glued from. To provide non-trivial checks for such geometric mirror constructions, we give a CFT analysis of mirror maps for Joyce orbifolds in several new instances for both the Spin(7) and theG2case. For all of these models we find possible assignments of discrete torsion phases, work out the action of mirror symmetry, and confirm the consistency with the geometrical construction. A novel feature appearing in the examples we analyse is the possibility of frozen singularities.
Higher gauge theories based on 3-groups
Authors: Radenković T. , Vojinović M.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We study the categorical generalizations of a BF theory to 2BF and 3BF theories, corresponding to 2-groups and 3-groups, in the framework of higher gauge theory. In particular, we construct the constrained 3BF actions describing the correct dynamics of Yang-Mills, Klein-Gordon, Dirac, Weyl, and Majorana fields coupled to Einstein-Cartan gravity. The action is naturally split into a topological sector and a sector with simplicity constraints, adapted to the spinfoam quantization programme. In addition, the structure of the 3-group gives rise to a novel gauge group which specifies the spectrum of matter fields present in the theory, just like the ordinary gauge group specifies the spectrum of gauge bosons in the Yang-Mills theory. This allows us to rewrite the whole Standard Model coupled to gravity as a constrained 3BF action, facilitating the nonperturbative quantization of both gravity and matter fields. Moreover, the presence and the properties of this new gauge group open up a possibility of a nontrivial unification of all fields and a possible explanation of fermion families and all other structure in the matter spectrum of the theory.
Etablierung der § 64 LFGB Arbeitsgruppen „NGS – Bakteriencharakterisierung“ und „NGS – Speziesidentifizierung“
Authors: Szabo Kathrin , Malorny Burkhard , Stoyke Manfred
Published: October 2019

Das Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) besitzt großes Potential im Bereich der Lebensmittelsicherheit und der Authentizitätsprüfung von Lebensmitteln. Die Gesamtgenomsequenzierung mikrobieller Genome kombiniert mit bioinformatischen Auswerteprogrammen ersetzt zunehmend die klassischen Typisierungsmethoden und gilt aufgrund ihres außerordentlichen Auflösungsvermögen mittlerweile als Methode der Wahl im Rahmen von Ausbruchsuntersuchungen. Zur Authentizitätskontrolle z. B. von Fleisch- und Fischproben finden NGS-Methoden als Metabarcoding immer häufiger Anwendung, um Täuschung und Irreführung bis hin zu Lebensmittelbetrug aufzudecken. Einige Untersuchungsbehörden verfügen bereits über die NGS-Technologie und setzen diese auch erfolgreich ein, weitere Einrichtungen werden folgen. Um den mit der Lebensmittelüberwachung betrauten Behörden validierte, leistungsfähige und standardisierte NGS-Methoden zur Verfügung zu stellen, ist eine Aufnahme dieser Methoden in die „Amtliche Sammlung von Verfahren zur Probenahme und Untersuchung von Lebensmitteln“ (ASU) durch die Gründung zweier neuer § 64 LFGB Arbeitsgruppen mit unterschiedlichen thematischen Schwerpunkten vorgesehen. Die Arbeitsgruppe „NGS – Bakteriencharakterisierung“ bearbeitet NGS-Verfahren für die Sequenzierung bakterieller Erreger im Rahmen von Ausbruchsuntersuchungen. Die Arbeitsgruppe „NGS – Speziesidentifizierung“ beschäftigt sich mit NGS-Methoden zur Tierartendifferenzierung in Lebensmitteln. Am 6. März 2019 fand das erste Treffen der Arbeitsgruppe „NGS – Speziesidentifizierung“ und am folgenden Tag, dem 7. März 2019 das der Arbeitsgruppe „NGS – Bakteriencharakterisierung“ auf Einladung des Bundesamts für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (BVL) in Berlin statt. Auf den Sitzungen wurden durch die Mitglieder der Gruppen NGS-Methoden zur Bakteriencharakterisierung bzw. zur Tierartendifferenzierung in Lebensmitteln vorgestellt. Anschließend diskutierten die Mitglieder die ersten thematischen Schwerpunkte der Methodenentwicklung, Validierungskonzepte, Qualitätskontrollmaßnahmen und den Einsatz dieser Methoden in der Lebensmittelüberwachung. Es wurde beschlossen, durch laborübergreifende Vorringversuche die Vergleichbarkeit der verschiedenen NGS-Technologien zu ermitteln sowie die entsprechenden Auswerteparameter, Qualitätskriterien und Validierungsparameter für eine laborübergreifende Validierungsstudie zu erarbeiten.
Maternal personality traits, antenatal depressive symptoms and the postpartum mother–infant relationship: a prospective observational study
Authors: Nath Selina , Pearson Rebecca M. , Moran Paul , Pawlby Susan , Molyneaux Emma , Howard Louise M.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Maternal depression has been associated with bonding difficulties and lower maternal sensitivity in observed mother–infant interactions. However, little research has examined the impact of disordered personality traits in mothers on these outcomes. We investigated the association between disordered personality traits in mothers measured during pregnancy and postnatal (a) self-reported bonding with infant; (b) observational mother–infant interactions.

Methods

Five hundred fifty-six women were recruited during early pregnancy and subsequently followed up at mid-pregnancy (approximately 28 weeks’ gestation) and when infants were aged approximately 3 months (n = 459). During early pregnancy, data were collected on disordered personality traits (using the Standardised Assessment of Personality Abbreviated Scale) and depressive symptoms (using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). At 3 months postpartum, self-reported perceived bonding (using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire) were collected. A sub-sample of women additionally provided observational mother–infant interaction data (n = 206) (coded using the Child–Adult Relationship Experimental Index).

Results

Higher disordered personality traits was not associated with maternal perceptions of bonding impairment, but was associated with reduced maternal sensitivity during observational mother–infant interactions [adjusted for age, education, having older children, substance misuse prior to pregnancy, infant sex and gestational age: coefficient = − 0.28, 95% CI = − 0.56 to − 0.00, p < 0.05]. After adjusting for depressive symptoms, the association was attenuated [coefficient = − 0.19, 95% CI = − 0.48 to 0.11, p = 0.217].

Conclusions

Mothers with disordered personality traits did not perceive themselves as having bonding impairments with their infants but were less sensitive during observed interactions, though depressive symptoms attenuated this relationship. Both depression and disordered personality traits need to be addressed to optimize mother–infant interactions.
18F-AV1451 PET imaging and multimodal MRI changes in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Nicastro Nicolas , Rodriguez Patricia Vazquez , Malpetti Maura , Bevan-Jones William Richard , Simon Jones P. , Passamonti Luca , Aigbirhio Franklin I. , O’Brien John T. , Rowe James B.
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized by deposition of straight filament tau aggregates in the grey matter (GM) of deep nuclei and cerebellum. We examined the relationship between tau pathology (assessed via 18F-AV1451 PET) and multimodal MRI imaging using GM volume, cortical thickness (CTh), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods

Twenty-three people with clinically probable PSP-Richardson’s syndrome (age 68.8 ± 5.8 years, 39% female) and 23 controls underwent structural 3 T brain MRI including DTI. Twenty-one patients also had 18F-AV1451 PET imaging. Voxelwise volume-based morphometry, surface-based morphometry, and DTI correlations were performed with 18F-AV1451 binding in typical PSP regions of interest (putamen, thalamus and dentate cerebellum). Clinical impairment was also assessed in relation to the different imaging modalities.

Results

PSP subjects showed GM volume loss in frontotemporal regions, basal ganglia, midbrain, and cerebellum (FDR-corrected p < 0.05), reduced CTh in the left entorhinal and fusiform gyrus (p < 0.001) as well as DTI changes in the corpus callosum, internal capsule, and superior longitudinal fasciculus (FWE-corrected p < 0.05). In PSP, higher 18F-AV1451 binding correlated with GM volume loss in frontal regions, DTI changes in motor tracts, and cortical thinning in parietooccipital areas. Cognitive impairment was related to decreased GM volume in frontotemporal regions, thalamus and pallidum, as well as DTI alteration in corpus callosum and cingulum.

Conclusion

This cross-sectional study demonstrates an association between in vivo proxy measures of tau pathology and grey and white matter degeneration in PSP. This adds to the present literature about the complex interplay between structural changes and protein deposition.
Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria from positive blood cultures using the Accelerate Pheno™ system
Authors: Ullberg Måns , Özenci Volkan
Published: October 2019

Rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing remain a crucial step for early efficient therapy of bloodstream infections. Traditional methods require turnaround times of at least 2 days, while rapid procedures are often associated with extended hands-on time. The Accelerate Pheno™ System provides microbial identification results within 90 min and susceptibility data in approximately 7 h directly from positive blood cultures with only few minutes of hands-on time. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the performance of the Accelerate Pheno™ System in identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria directly from clinical blood culture samples. We analyzed 108 and 67 blood culture bottles using the Accelerate PhenoTest™ BC kit with software version v1.0 and the FDA-cleared version v1.2, respectively. Reliable identification was achieved for Enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci, and enterococci, with 76/80 (95%), 42/46 (91%), and 10/11 (91%) correct identifications. Limitations were observed in the identification of streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Antimicrobial susceptibility results for Enterobacteriaceae, for amikacin, ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam ranged between 86 and 100% categorical agreement. Using v1.2, results for ceftazidime showed 100% concordance with the reference method. For staphylococci, the overall performance reached 92% using v1.2. Qualitative tests for detection of methicillin or macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance caused major and very major errors for isolates. Overall, the present data show that the Accelerate Pheno™ system can, in combination with Gram stain, be used as a rapid complementation to standard microbial diagnosis of bloodstream infections.
Artificial neural networks based techniques for anomaly detection in Apache Spark
Authors: Alnafessah Ahmad , Casale Giuliano
Published: October 2019

Late detection and manual resolutions of performance anomalies in Cloud Computing and Big Data systems may lead to performance violations and financial penalties. Motivated by this issue, we propose an artificial neural network based methodology for anomaly detection tailored to the Apache Spark in-memory processing platform. Apache Spark is widely adopted by industry because of its speed and generality, however there is still a shortage of comprehensive performance anomaly detection methods applicable to this platform. We propose an artificial neural networks driven methodology to quickly sift through Spark logs data and operating system monitoring metrics to accurately detect and classify anomalous behaviors based on the Spark resilient distributed dataset characteristics. The proposed method is evaluated against three popular machine learning algorithms, decision trees, nearest neighbor, and support vector machine, as well as against four variants that consider different monitoring datasets. The results prove that our proposed method outperforms other methods, typically achieving 98–99% F-scores, and offering much greater accuracy than alternative techniques to detect both the period in which anomalies occurred and their type.
Preventing Substance Use Among Indigenous Adolescents in the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand: a Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Snijder Mieke , Stapinski Lexine , Lees Briana , Ward James , Conrod Patricia , Mushquash Christopher , Belone Lorenda , Champion Katrina , Chapman Cath , Teesson Maree , Newton Nicola
Published: October 2019

This systematic review assessed the current evidence base of substance use prevention programs for Indigenous adolescents in the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The authors investigated (a) the outcomes, type, setting and context of prevention programs; (b) the common components of beneficial prevention programs; and (c) the methodological quality of evaluations of included prevention programs. The authors searched eight peer-reviewed and 20 grey literature databases for studies published between 1 January 1990 and 31 August 2017. Data extracted included type of program (culturally adapted, culture-based or unadapted), the setting (school, community, family or multi-setting), delivery (computerised or traditional), context (Indigenous-specific or multi-cultural environment) and common components of the programs. Program evaluation methodologies were critically appraised against standardised criteria. This review identified 26 eligible studies. Substance use prevention programs for Indigenous youth led to reductions in substance use frequency and intention to use; improvements in substance-related knowledge, attitudes and resistance strategies; and delay in substance use initiation. Key elements of beneficial programs included substance use education, skills development, cultural knowledge enhancement and community involvement in program development. Five programs were rated as methodologically strong, seven were moderate and fourteen were weak. Prevention programs have the potential to reduce substance use among Indigenous adolescents, especially when they are developed in partnership with Indigenous people. However, more rigorously conducted evaluation trials are required to strengthen the evidence base.
Traits, beliefs and dispositions in a pluralistic folk psychology
Authors: Ghijsen Harmen
Published: October 2019

According to pluralistic folk psychology (PFP) we make use of a variety of methods to predict and explain each other, only one of which makes use of attributing propositional attitudes. I discuss three related problems for this view: first, the prediction problem, according to which (some of) PFP’s methods of prediction only work if they also assume a tacit attribution of propositional attitudes; second, the interaction problem, according to which PFP cannot explain how its different methods of prediction and explanation can interact; and third, the difference problem, according to which PFP cannot explain how all of its methods are truly different if it also assumes a dispositionalist account of belief. I argue that a promising solution to these problems should not overestimate the importance and ubiquity of propositional attitude attribution even if the difference between propositional attitude attribution and other types of attribution is a matter of degree rather than kind. Instead, a solution should be sought in a better appreciation of the breadth of folk psychological theorizing and the way in which this can be incorporated into model theory.
Tamoxifen-independent recombination of reporter genes limits lineage tracing and mosaic analysis using CreERT2 lines
Authors: Álvarez-Aznar A. , Martínez-Corral I. , Daubel N. , Betsholtz C. , Mäkinen T. , Gaengel K.
Published: October 2019

The CreERT2/loxP system is widely used to induce conditional gene deletion in mice. One of the main advantages of the system is that Cre-mediated recombination can be controlled in time through Tamoxifen administration. This has allowed researchers to study the function of embryonic lethal genes at later developmental timepoints. In addition, CreERT2 mouse lines are commonly used in combination with reporter genes for lineage tracing and mosaic analysis. In order for these experiments to be reliable, it is crucial that the cell labeling approach only marks the desired cell population and their progeny, as unfaithful expression of reporter genes in other cell types or even unintended labeling of the correct cell population at an undesired time point could lead to wrong conclusions. Here we report that all CreERT2 mouse lines that we have studied exhibit a certain degree of Tamoxifen-independent, basal, Cre activity. Using Ai14 and Ai3, two commonly used fluorescent reporter genes, we show that those basal Cre activity levels are sufficient to label a significant amount of cells in a variety of tissues during embryogenesis, postnatal development and adulthood. This unintended labelling of cells imposes a serious problem for lineage tracing and mosaic analysis experiments. Importantly, however, we find that reporter constructs differ greatly in their susceptibility to basal CreERT2 activity. While Ai14 and Ai3 easily recombine under basal CreERT2 activity levels, mTmG and R26R-EYFP rarely become activated under these conditions and are therefore better suited for cell tracking experiments.
Nitrogen resorption and fractionation during leaf senescence in typical tree species in Japan
Authors: Enta Ayako , Hayashi Mika , Lopez Caceres Maximo Larry , Fujiyoshi Lei , Yamanaka Toshiro , Oikawa Akira , Seidel Felix
Published: October 2019

In northeastern Japan, an area of high precipitation and mountains, beech (Fagus creanata Blume), larch (Larix kaempferi Lamb.), cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were evaluated for N resorption and N isotope fractionation in pre- and post-abscission leaves in comparison to green leaves. The highest leaf N concentration in summer corresponded to the N-fixing black locust, followed in decreasing order by the deciduous beech and larch and evergreen cedar. On the other hand, the lowest N resorption efficiency corresponded to black locust and the highest to beech, in increasing order by larch and cedar. All tree species returned significant amounts of N before leaf abscission; however, N isotope fractionation during leaf N resorption was only found for beech, with a depleted N isotope value from green to pre-abscission leaf. The most N, however, was resorbed from pre-abscission to post-abscission. This result may indicate that δ15N fractionation took place during N transformation processes, such as protein hydrolysis, when the concentration of free amino acids increased sharply. The difference in the type of amino acid produced by each species could have influenced the N isotope ratio in beech but not in the other tree species. The results of this study showed that it is possible to infer the type and timing of processes relevant to N resorption by analyzing leaf δ15N variation during senescence.
Abstracts najaarsvergadering NVU, 2 november 2019, Nieuwegein
Authors: Mulders Peter F.A.
Published: October 2019

Samenvatting

Biochemisch recidiverende prostaatkanker na curatieve radiotherapie is gedefinieerd als een PSA-stijging van ≥ 2 ng/ml boven de PSA nadir (de Phoenix-criteria, 2005). Met de introductie van prostaatspecifiek membraan antigeen (PSMA) PET/CT is de mogelijkheid tot lokalisatie van recidieven van prostaatkanker sterk toegenomen. In deze studie analyseren we de uitkomsten van PSMA PET/CT ter detectie van recidiverende prostaatkanker bij patiënten met een stijgend PSA na radiotherapie, die nog niet voldoen aan de Phoenixcriteria (i.e. een PSA-stijging < 2,0 ng/ml).
Sirenomelia: Study of Three Cases
Authors: Desai Purvi D. , Shah Heli , Verma Ragini N. , Chauhan Binodini M.
Published: October 2019

Sirenomelia is a rare congenital anomaly which is an extreme example of caudal regression syndrome characterized by lower limb fusion, sacral and pelvic bony anomalies with abnormalities in other organ systems, commonly affecting the gastrointestinal and the urogenital systems (Kanagagiri et al. JMSCR 5(7), 2017). It is a sporadic occurence with no increased risk in subsequent pregnancies. The syndrome of caudal regression is thought to be the result of injury to the caudal mesoderm early in gestation (Mirzapur et al. Glob J Reprod Med 3(5):555624, 2018). Prenatal sonographic findings of sirenomelia (or mermaid fetus) were retrospectively reviewed in three proven cases.
ARIA guideline 2019: treatment of allergic rhinitis in the German health system
Authors: Klimek Ludger , Bachert Claus , Pfaar Oliver , Becker Sven , Bieber Thomas , Brehler Randolf , Buhl Roland , Casper Ingrid , Chaker Adam , Czech Wolfgang , Fischer Jörg , Fuchs Thomas , Gerstlauer Michael , Hörmann Karl , Jakob Thilo , Jung Kirsten , Kopp Matthias V. , Mahler Vera , Merk Hans , Mülleneisen Norbert , Nemat Katja , Rabe Uta , Ring Johannes , Saloga Joachim , Schlenter Wolfgang , Schmidt-Weber Carsten , Seyfarth Holger , Sperl Annette , Spindler Thomas , Staubach Petra , Strieth Sebastian , Treudler Regina , Vogelberg Christian , Wallrafen Andrea , Wehrmann Wolfgang , Wrede Holger , Zuberbier Torsten , Bedbrook Anna , Canonica Giorgio W. , Cardona Victoria , Casale Thomas B. , Czarlewski Wienczylawa , Fokkens Wytske J. , Hamelmann Eckard , Hellings Peter W. , Jutel Marek , Larenas-Linnemann Désirée , Mullol Joaquim , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Toppila-Salmi Sanna , Werfel Thomas , Bousquet Jean
Published: October 2019

Background

The number of patients affected by allergies is increasing worldwide. The resulting allergic diseases are leading to significant costs for health care and social systems. Integrated care pathways are needed to enable comprehensive care within the national health systems. The ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) initiative develops internationally applicable guidelines for allergic respiratory diseases.

Methods

ARIA serves to improve the care of patients with allergies and chronic respiratory diseases. In collaboration with other international initiatives, national associations and patient organizations in the field of allergies and respiratory diseases, real-life integrated care pathways have been developed for a digitally assisted, integrative, individualized treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) with comorbid asthma. In the present work, these integrated care pathways have been adapted to the German situation and health system.

Results

The present ICP (integrated care pathways) guideline covers key areas of the care of AR patients with and without asthma. It includes the views of patients and other healthcare providers.

Discussion

A comprehensive ICP guideline can reflect real-life care better than traditional guideline models.
From indoor exposure to inhaled particle deposition: A multiphase journey of inhaled particles
Authors: Inthavong Kiao
Published: October 2019

Indoor air quality and its effect on respiratory health are reliant on understanding the level of inhalation exposure, particle inhalability, and particle deposition in the respiratory airway. In the indoor environment, controlling airflow through different ventilation systems can reduce inhalation exposure. This produces a wide variety of complex flow phenomena, such as recirculation, coanda flow, separation, and reattachment. Airborne particles drifting through the air, that move within the breathing region become inhaled into nasal cavity the nostrils. Studies have developed the aspiration efficiency to assist in predicting the fraction of inhaled particles. Inside the nasal cavity, micron and submicron particle deposition occurs in very different ways (inertial impaction, sedimentation, diffusion) and different locations. In addition, fibrous particles such as asbestos are influenced by tumbling effects and its deposition mechanism can include interception. Indoor fluid-particle dynamics related to inhalation exposure and eventual deposition in the respiratory airway is presented. This study involves multi-disciplinary fields involving building science, fluid dynamics, computer science, and medical imaging disciplines. In the future, an integrated approach can lead to digital/in-silico representations of the human respiratory airway able to predict the inhaled particle exposure and its toxicology effect.
Longitudinal relationships between sexting and involvement in both bullying and cyberbullying
Authors: Ojeda Mónica , Del Rey Rosario , Hunter Simon C.
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Sexting is a new way to explore sexuality among adolescents that can be associated with bullying behaviors. Previous studies have focused on peer‐victimization but relationships between bullying and different forms of sexting have not been explored. This study evaluates the reciprocal relationships between the perpetration of traditional bullying, cyberbullying, and four forms of sexting (sending, receiving, third‐party forwarding, and receiving sexts via an intermediary).

Methods

The sample consisted of 1736 Spanish High School students (46.3% female; Mage = 13.60, SD = 1.25). Four direct questions were used to assess sexting, the EBIPQ to measure traditional bullying and the ECIPQ to evaluate cyberbullying. These measures were completed twice, four months apart. A cross‐lagged panel analysis evaluated the reciprocal associations of all study measures.

Results

Traditional bullying and cyberbullying were positively, reciprocally associated with each other. Generally, those young people who engaged in sexting at T1 were more likely to report engaging in sexting at T2. Third‐party forwarding of sexts (forwarding on sexts which have been sent to a young person by others) displays clear relationships with bullying. Young people who reported using traditional bullying behaviours at T1 were more likely to report third‐party forwarding of sexual content at T2. Bullies are more likely to later report third‐party forwarding of sexts.

Conclusions

A focus on bullying behavior may be important for intervention efforts targeting to prevent possible negative outcomes of engaging in sexting. Recommendations are provided for educational and prevention efforts.
RETRACTED–Lessons Learned from a Medical Response Team 45 Days Post-Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Authors: Gordon Jessica M. , Orriola Deidre , Unangst Mary , Gordon Federico , Vellon Yazmin E Rodriguez
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

Describe the lived experience of a grassroots, nongovernmental disaster medical team (DMT) through a research lens and share practical lessons learned based on the DMT’s experience to support and inform future response teams.

Method:

Forty-five days after Hurricane Maria, a nongovernmental DMT provided primary medical care by means of community-based pop-up clinics and home visitations in 5 different areas of Puerto Rico. Observational data, photo images, and debriefing notes were collected and documented in the response team’s daily activity log. Field notes were coded using a descriptive coding method and then categorized into 2 domains specific to public health and medical diagnosis.

Results:

Medical aid was provided to nearly 300 (N = 296) residents. Field note observations identified exhaustion related to living conditions and the exacerbation of underlying conditions, such as reactive airway diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and depression due to the compounding effects of multiple post-disaster triggers. During home visitations, feelings of sadness and helplessness were identified secondary to natural disaster trauma and current living conditions.

Conclusion:

Our nongovernmental DMT displayed similar characteristics demonstrated by federal DMTs post-natural disaster. Several strategic lessons learned emerged from the public health intervention important to future nongovernmental DMTs.
NEMO … NON NOSTRVM PECCAT(PETRON.SAT.75.1). HABINNAS’ MAXIM RESTORED
Authors: Poletti Stefano
Published: October 2019

In this short note I shall address a problem of word order in a passage of Petronius’Cena Trimalchionisby pointing out an attractive variant in the keycodex Traguriensis, which has been neglected thus far.
Populist Counter-Constitutionalism, Conservatism, and Legal Fundamentalism
Authors: Blokker Paul
Published: October 2019

Counter-revolution by law in Hungary and Poland – Populism as a distinctive political project that mobilises anti-liberal conservative forces in society – Populist attempt to dismantle liberal-constitutional institutions in the name of a conservative, illiberal project – Populist critique of legal fundamentalism, understood as an excess of liberal legal norms, as a key dimension in the conservative, populist project
Bayesian Estimation with Informative Priors is Indistinguishable from Data Falsification
Authors: García-Pérez Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2019

Criticism of null hypothesis significance testing, confidence intervals, and frequentist statistics in general has evolved into advocacy of Bayesian analyses with informative priors for strong inference. This paper shows that Bayesian analysis with informative priors is formally equivalent to data falsification because the information carried by the prior can be expressed as the addition of fabricated observations whose statistical characteristics are determined by the parameters of the prior. This property of informative priors makes clear that only the use of non-informative, uniform priors in all types of Bayesian analyses is compatible with standards of research integrity. At the same time, though, Bayesian estimation with uniform priors yields point and interval estimates that are identical or nearly identical to those obtained with frequentist methods. At a qualitative level, frequentist and Bayesian outcomes have different interpretations but they are interchangeable when uniform priors are used. Yet, Bayesian interpretations require either the assumption that population parameters are random variables (which they are not) or an explicit acknowledgment that the posterior distribution (which is thus identical to the likelihood function except for a scale factor) only expresses the researcher’s beliefs and not any information about the parameter of concern.
Secular Variations of Helium and Nitrogen Isotopes Related to the 2015 Volcanic Unrest of Mt. Hakone, Central Japan
Authors: Kagoshima T. , Sano Y. , Takahata N. , Lee H. , Lan T. , Ohba T.
Published: October 2019

A small hydrovolcanic eruption occurred on Mt. Hakone in central Japan on 29 June 2015, ejecting small amounts of volcanic ash and gas. We have conducted continuous surveys of He isotopes in the Owakudani geothermal area close to Mt. Komagatake, the central cone of Mt. Hakone. Long‐term (decadal‐scale) data from the Black‐egg site show generally constant 3He/4He ratios with 6.37 ± 0.06 Ra, where Ra is the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio of 1.382 × 10‐6, after air correction. Short‐term (monthly) data of two fumarole sites indicate a rapid increase from May through August 2015 and a gradual decrease through February 2018, whereas seismic activity began to intensify in March 2015, reached the maximum in May, and decreased faster than the decrease in He isotopes. We also measured N and Ar isotopes in fumarole samples. A δ15N – N2/36Ar diagram shows that they are well explained by mixing of atmosphere and volcanic gas source components. Monthly variations of air‐corrected δ15N values shows a rapid decrease followed by a slow increase, contrary to the air‐corrected 3He/4He variations, suggesting a common mechanism of mixing between magma and crust during migration of fluids and gases. The time sequence of observed phenomena shows inflation of the volcanic edifice, maximum swarm activity, phreatic eruption, and maximum He and N isotope anomaly. Temporal variations of He and N isotopes were correlated with activation of the Owakudani geothermal system and with termination of volcanic unrest, which may provide useful information for observing and assessing geothermal activity around the world.
Transforming Total‐Field Magnetic Anomalies Into Three Components Using Dual‐Layer Equivalent Sources
Authors: Li Duan , Liang Qing , Du Jinsong , Sun Shida , Zhang Yi , Chen Chao
Published: October 2019

The equivalent source is a simple and effective method to level and manipulate magnetic data. However, large misfits between the predicted and synthetic data for different components of the magnetic field are observed when a single layer equivalent source is used. Therefore, a dual‐layer equivalent sources method, based on a shallow‐layer and an additional deep‐layer is proposed. This technique successfully overcomes the inherent problem of inversion that equivalent property concentrates in the shallow layer, by changing the dimensions of deep equivalent cells, and by using a preconditioned matrix based on a weighted function, which enhances the effects of the deep layer. The results indicate that, by adding a deep equivalent‐source layer, this new method significantly improves the accuracy in the prediction of the three components of the magnetic field, especially for the long‐wavelength fields.
Tropical Cyclone Surface Pressure Field Estimation Using Satellite Passive Microwave Observations over the Oceans
Authors: Zhang Zijin , Dong Xiaolong , Hon K.K. , Liu Liling
Published: October 2019

The real time and accurate estimation of tropical cyclone (TC) surface pressure fields is highly desired in TC forecasting and analysis. Using satellite passive microwave observations over the oceans, the retrieval of TC surface pressure fields was investigated in this study, and a new retrieval algorithm was developed. This algorithm uses brightness temperatures (TBs) and TB anomalies together to accurately estimate TC surface pressure fields. Considering the relative superiority of 118‐GHz radiometers in spatial resolution, this study not only used the measurements of 60‐GHz radiometer Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) but also the 118‐GHz radiometer Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder (MWHTS). The TC measurements from July 2015 to September 2018 and the corresponding Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) Final (FNL) analysis data were used to develop and test the retrieval algorithm. The testing results show that the proposed method can estimate the surface pressure fields of a TC's core area (within a 2° radius from the center) with an accuracy of better than 4.0, 5.0, and 8.0 hPa for tropical depressions and tropical storms, typhoons or hurricanes, and severe typhoons or major hurricanes, respectively. In addition, an in situ comparison demonstrates that the accuracy of the retrieved central pressure is better than 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0 hPa for tropical depressions and tropical storms, typhoons or hurricanes, and severe typhoons or major hurricanes, respectively.
The Quasi‐Equilibrium Longitudinal Profile in Backwater Reaches of the Engineered Alluvial River: A Space‐Marching Method
Authors: Arkesteijn Liselot , Blom Astrid , Czapiga Matthew J. , Chavarrías Víctor , Labeur Robert Jan
Published: October 2019

An engineered alluvial river (i.e., a fixed‐width channel) has constrained planform but is free to adjust channel slope and bed surface texture. These features are subject to controls: the hydrograph, sediment flux, and downstream base level. If the controls are sustained (or change slowly relative to the timescale of channel response), the channel ultimately achieves an equilibrium (or quasi‐equilibrium) state. For brevity, we use the term “quasi‐equilibrium” as a shorthand for both states. This quasi‐equilibrium state is characterized by quasi‐static and dynamic components, which define the characteristic timescale at which the dynamics of bed level average out. Although analytical models of quasi‐equilibrium channel geometry in quasi‐normal flow segments exist, rapid methods for determining the quasi‐equilibrium geometry in backwater‐dominated segments are still lacking. We show that, irrespective of its dynamics, the bed slope of a backwater or quasi‐normal flow segment can be approximated as quasi‐static (i.e., the static slope approximation). This approximation enables us to derive a rapid numerical space‐marching solution of the quasi‐static component for quasi‐equilibrium channel geometry in both backwater and quasi‐normal flow segments. A space‐marching method means that the solution is found by stepping through space without the necessity of computing the transient phase. An additional numerical time stepping model describes the dynamic component of the quasi‐equilibrium channel geometry. Tests of the two models against a backwater‐Exner model confirm their validity. Our analysis validates previous studies in showing that the flow duration curve determines the quasi‐static equilibrium profile, whereas the flow rate sequence governs the dynamic fluctuations.
Application of Machine Learning to Model Wetland Inundation Patterns Across a Large Semiarid Floodplain
Authors: Shaeri Karimi Sara , Saintilan Neil , Wen Li , Valavi Roozbeh
Published: October 2019

Inundation is a primary driver of floodplain ecology. Understanding temporal and spatial variability of inundation patterns is critical for optimum resource management, particularly in striking an appropriate balance between environmental water application and extractive use. Nevertheless, quantifying inundation at the fine resolution required of ecological modeling is an immense challenge in these environments. In this study, Random Forest, a machine learning technique, was implemented to predict the inundation pattern in a section of the Darling River Floodplain, Australia, at a spatial scale of 30 m and daily temporal resolution. The model achieved very good performance with an average accuracy of 0.915 based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve over 10 runs of the model in testing data sets. Six variables explained 70% of the total contribution to inundation occurrence, with the most influential being landscape shape (local deviation from global mean elevation), elevation‐weighted distance to the river, the magnitude of river flow (10‐ and 30‐day accumulated river discharge), local rainfall, and soil moisture. This approach is applicable to other floodplains across the world where understanding of fine‐scale inundation pattern is for operational ecological management and scenario testing.