bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between maternal lipid profiles during late pregnancy in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus and offspring birth size
Authors: Peng Jing , Zhang Li , Jin Jing , Miao Huazhang , Liu Guocheng , Guo Yong
Published: November 2024

Background: Maternal glucose and lipid levels are known to influence fetal growth. Yet, there is scarce data on how maternal lipid profiles affect birth size in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) compared to those without GDM.
Methods: The retrospective study was conducted including 10490 women with singleton pregnancy (2351 GDM and 8139 non-GDM) during December 2016 and July 2022. Maternal serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were measured at 28-42 weeks of gestation. Maternal glucose values were extracted from 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Neonatal birth weight was obtained at delivery and standardized as birth weight z-scores according to the INTERGROWTH-21st standards.
Results: Women diagnosed with GDM exhibited elevated mean TG levels compared to those without GDM, alongside lower levels of TC, HDL, and LDL. TG levels were positively associated with birth weight in both GDM and non-GDM group, while TC, HDL, and LDL levels displayed a mild negative correlation with birth weight. In the GDM group, an increase of 1 mmol/L in maternal TG levels correlated with a 28.4 g rise in birth weight (95% CI: 17.8 to 39.1), whereas a 1 mmol/L increase in TC (-19.2 g; 95% CI: -31.9 to -6.5), HDL (-120.7 g; 95% CI: -164.8 to -76.6), and LDL (-22.2 g; 95% CI: -40.4 to -4) was linked to a decrease in birth weight. Compared to the group with TG levels ≤ 10th percentile, the group with TG levels ≥ 90th percentile in women with GDM was associated with increased risks of offspring large for gestational age (adjusted OR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.51 to 6.30) and macrosomia (adjusted OR: 4.04; 95% CI: 1.37 to 11.93), a stronger risk factor than that of those without GDM.
Conclusions: Our study further confirms the significant link between maternal lipid profiles in late pregnancy and newborn birth size, with a more pronounced effect observed in women with GDM compared to those without GDM.
Lessons learned from PCD-ENGAGE, a decentralized mobile health clinical trial for the management of primary ciliary dyskinesia.
Authors: Sahota Navdeep , Aziza Rabia , Komarzynski Sandra , Dixon Lucy , Dexter Katie , Schofield Lynne , Peake Stevie , Davies Elin Haf , Ferrer-Mallol Elisa
Published: November 2024

Background: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic condition that causes an impairment in mucus clearance due to abnormal function of airway cilia. This results in recurrent respiratory infections and progressive lung damage. Symptoms are managed via prescribed airway clearance techniques (ACTs) which are essential for preventing lung exacerbations and improving quality-of-life (QOL), as well as antibiotics to treat lung infections. Regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle are also recommended. However, maintaining regular engagement with ACTs is challenging for people living with PCD.
The PCD-ENGAGE study aimed to evaluate the impact of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention on engagement with prescribed ACTs in people living with PCD. This was a fully decentralised, randomised controlled trial co-designed with PCD Support UK, where participants were allocated to either a control arm (daily self-reporting ACT engagement via an app) or an intervention arm (the addition of Garmin Vivosmart® 5 wearable tracker and behaviour change features). The primary outcome was engagement with prescribed ACTs at the end of the 12-week study period. Secondary outcomes included changes in QOL and exacerbation rate, in addition to an exploratory analysis of wearable data to identify potential markers of lung exacerbations and lifestyle changes.
Results: Thirteen participants were included in the analysis out of the 19 that were randomised. Whilst recruitment was lower than anticipated, engagement with ACTs was similar between the control and intervention groups, with an overall engagement rate that exceeded previously reported adherence in other chronic respiratory conditions. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of engagement with ACTs. The wearable data did not provide consistent markers for detecting exacerbations or exercise, and the compliance with study procedures declined during the 12-week period.
Conclusions: While the engagement with self-reporting ACT diaries and the additional intervention features was feasible, the small sample size limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Despite these limitations, this study provides valuable insights into the design and conduct of decentralised trials, particularly in terms of optimising recruitment strategies and ensuring sustained engagement.
CPR Related Injuries of the Chest Wall – Direct and Indirect Fractures
Authors: Schenderlein Anne , Groh Johannes , Kern Florian , Perl Mario , Schulz-Drost Stefan
Published: November 2024

Background
Rib and sternum fractures are common injuries associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The fracture mechanism is either direct by application of force on sternum and anterior ribs or indirect by bending through compression of the thorax.
The aim of this study was to determine morphologies of rib fractures after CPR and to reevaluate prior findings on fracture localisation, type and degree of dislocation.
Methods
The present study was based on all inpatients treated for chest wall fractures after non traumatic cardiac arrest at a Level 1 Trauma Centre from 2010 to 2016 who had received CT scans. Each fracture was analyzed for location, degree of dislocation and fracture type classified according to AO/OTA and CWIS. We also analysed Fracture Line orientation.
Results
We enrolled 40 patients with a total of 423 rib fractures. We found most fractures anterolaterally between the 3rd to 6th rib symmetrically on both sides of the thorax.
We found sternum fractures in 30% of the patients, 50% being located at the at the corpus sterni between rib 3 and 4. All patients with sternum fractures suffered from rib fractures and most had fractures of the cartilage or osteochondral junction. All cartilage fractures were straight, undisplaced type A fractures.
Most indirect fractures occurred anterolaterally between 50 and 60° in the axial plane. More than 90% of those fractures were classified as type A, 70% showed a straight fracture line and 60% were undisplaced. There was no difference in degree of dislocation between straight and oblique fracture lines. We found 143 incomplete fractures.
Conclusion
We confirmed prior findings regarding fracture patterns in CPR related injuries.
We observed approximately 2-3 times as many straight-lined fractures as oblique ones following indirect trauma. One third of all fractures are incomplete, these highlights the special characteristics like high elasticity of ribs.
Experimental investigations on diesel-like fuel from Schleichera Oleosa operated indirect injection and Direct injection diesel engine: A combined application of ANN and RSM based optimization
Authors: Chaikool Patamaporn , Intravised Kemwat , Suiuay Chokchai , Poojeera Sahassawas
Published: November 2024

This study focused on assessing the performance of an agricultural diesel engine when using biofuel from Schleichera Oleosa (SO) with an engine tune-up in order to increase performance efficiency as well as reduce fuel consumption. The ANN model was used to analyze the tested data and estimate parameters, while the RSM model was used to increase the efficiency of the engine performance. The results of the ANN model showed that it was sufficient for predicting brake torque, brake power, and BSFC. The R2 of BSFC was less than the R2 of brake torque and brake power, leading to higher errors. The RMSE values for brake torque, brake power, and BSFC in the ID engine were 0.95 N-m, 0.154 kW, and 16.2 g/kW-hr, respectively, while the values in the IDI engine were 1.26 N-m, 0.211 kW, and13.8 g/kW-hr, respectively. Regarding the results of RSM optimization for the DI engine, the predicted values for the response parameters in accordance with the optimum operating parameters were 33.05 N-m of brake torque, 5.902 kW of brake power, and 436 g/kW-hr of BSFC. In the IDI engine, the response parameters were 30.93 N-m of brake torque, 5.261 kW of brake power, and 374 g/kW-hr of BSFC, following the optimum operating parameters.
Post-Discharge Complications and Follow-Up Timing after Hospitalization for Traumatic Rib Fractures
Authors: Anderson Taylor N. , Earley Michelle , Rockwood Sarah J. , Zudock Elizabeth J. , Steeman Samantha L. , Footman Jianna K. , Castro Samuel , Myers Alexandra A. , Flojo Renceh A.B. , Forrester Joseph D.
Published: November 2024

Purpose
To evaluate frequency and timing of post-discharge complications in patients with traumatic rib fractures undergoing operative or nonoperative management.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed adult patients with rib fractures admitted to a Level 1 trauma center from 1/2020-12/2021. Outcomes included rib-related complications, pneumonia within 1 month, new diagnosis of opioid- or alcohol-use disorder, and all-cause mortality. Patients were stratified on whether they underwent surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF). Associations between risk factors and outcomes were evaluated through Fine and Gray hazard models with death (or in-hospital death for the post-discharge death outcome) as a competing risk.
Results
Of 976 patients admitted with rib fractures, 904(93%) underwent non-operative therapy and 72(7%) underwent SSRF. Nonoperative patients had less-severe injuries and shorter ICU length-of-stay. Rib-related complications occurred in 13(1%) nonsurgical patients and 4(6%) surgical patients. In the nonsurgical group, presence of hemo/pneumothorax on admission was associated with increased risk of rib-related complications [subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) (95% CI): 5.95(1.8, 19.67)]. Pneumonia within 1 month occurred in 9(1%) nonsurgical patients and 1(1%) surgical patient. New diagnosis of alcohol or opioid-use disorder was made in 14(2%) nonsurgical patients and 1(1%) surgical patients. All-cause mortality was 68(8%) in the nonsurgical group and 2(3%) in the surgical group. Older age was associated with mortality in the nonsurgical cohort [SHR (95% CI): 1.83(1.46, 2.28)].
Conclusion
Post-discharge rib-related complications were rare in both groups, but occurred primarily within 2 weeks, suggesting concentrated earlier follow-up may be beneficial. These findings help inform recommendations for follow-up in this population.
Survey on the Health Status of Married Afghan Women Residing in Mehmanshahr Camp, Torbat-e Jam, Iran, 2024
Authors: Rahimian Mohammad , Abbasi.Shavazi Masoumeh , Morowati.Sharifabad Mohammad.Ali , jambarsang Sara , Nasiri Zhoreh
Published: November 2024

Background: Mental health plays an important role in the quality of life and survival of people, especially refugees and asylum seekers. Afghanistan is one of the largest immigrant countries in the world and about 2.5 million Afghans live in Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate and estimate mental disorders in married Afghan women living in Iran's Torbet Jam camp in 2024.
Methods: The sample consisted of 226 married women living in Torbat Jam camp who were selected by random sampling. DASS-21 standard questionnaire was used to collect mental health information of the participants and the data was analyzed with SPSS after collection.
Results: The average age of the participants was 38.7 years and 15% of them were pregnant. More than half of the participants (51.3%) reported at least one mental health disorder. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in the population under study was 42.9%, 51.3%, and 47.2%, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering that Afghan refugee women in Iran are vulnerable to intimate partner violence, economic and livelihood problems, it is very important to address mental health and in addition to the efforts of the host country, international assistance is needed.
Biosolids as a Potential Source of PFAS to Farming Soils
Authors: Vargas Diana Oviedo , Anton Jessica , Coleman-Kammula Seetha , Qin Xiaohuan
Published: November 2024

This study, one of the few conducted to date on working farms in the US, examined per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in 10 farms treated with biosolids using a paired control-treatment approach. Biosolids are nutrient-rich and inexpensive soil amendments, however, if the biosolids contain PFAS which are known to be toxic, mobile and to bioaccumulate, they can leave lasting negative impacts on farming soil and water. Our study showed significantly higher concentrations of PFAS in biosolids-treated (treatment) soils compared to (untreated) controls. Soil depth, soil physicochemical properties (e.g., organic matter and pH), and biosolid sources affected concentrations and types of PFAS in treated soils. While PFAS precursors were present in biosolids, they were absent in treated soils, likely due to biotransformation to terminal perfluoroalkyl products. The detection of shorter-chain PFAS in surface water highlights their greater mobility, raising concerns beyond the boundaries of the biosolid-treated farms.
Activities of daily living in older individuals with chronic kidney disease：What factors might influence it?
Authors: Ren Jiangwen , Hu Yingchun , Li Jing , Chen Huixiu , Zhou Jianan , Wu Hongmei , Liu Guanjian , Hao Qiukui , Cao Li , Yang Ming , Zhu Hongxia , Chen Xiaoyu
Published: November 2024

Older individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience a significant decline in their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with decreased ADLs in older individuals with CKD. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 September 2013 and 30 June 2014 at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Kangfu Kidney Disease Hospital in Chengdu. The study encompassed individuals with CKD who were aged > 60 years. Each participant underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment by trained doctors. In the univariate analysis, significant statistical differences (P < 0.05) were observed in several factors, including age, marital status, serum albumin levels, risk of malnutrition, malnutrition, cognitive function, depression scores, comorbidity index, subjective support, and the use of social support. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that independent factors associated with impaired ADLs in older individuals with CKD included age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–3.25 for ages 70–79 years; OR = 5.42, 95% CI: 2.99–9.81 for ages ≥ 80 years), widowhood (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.15–3.15), depression (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.22–1.44), risk of malnutrition (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.70–4.65), and malnutrition (OR = 5.13, 95%CI: 2.51–10.50).
Numerical analysis and flow features prediction in a Backward-facing step geometry using neural networks
Authors: Bozorgchenani Ali Reza , Khavasi Ehsan
Published: November 2024

In this paper, artificial neural networks are used to predict flow characteristics such as velocity of air, velocity of copper particles and particle concentration in a backward-facing step geometry. The data that used for learning the networks are achieved by ANSYS FLUENT computations in 2D framework using Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes method and k-ω SST turbulence model. Results had good agreement with the experimental data. The fully developed turbulent flow at the inlet had a center line velocity of 10.5 m/s and a Reynolds number of 18,400, based on step height H (26.7mm). It is observed that by considering stochastic collisions between particles, better results are discovered. In order to predict the flow’s characteristics, neural networks with one and two hidden layers are trained and several activation functions and learning algorithms are investigated. Since using neumerical computations for various cases require significant calculation time, artificial neural networks are used to obtain the flow features with negligible computational time and the results revealed a good accordance compared with FLUENT’s results.
Neurological Presentations in Pediatric Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism: A single-center study
Authors: Abdelmoneim Zahraa , Hussein Mohamed Abdelghafar , Eltaher Heba
Published: November 2024

Background
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) represent a diverse group of genetic disorders characterized by enzyme deficiencies in metabolic pathways, with a collective incidence exceeding 1 in 1,000 live births. Although many patients may appear asymptomatic at birth, they often present with nonspecific neurological symptoms later, complicating diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to identify various neurological manifestations in pediatric patients with IEMs and emphasize the importance of early recognition and management for improved outcomes.
Methods
This single-center study recruited pediatric patients (ages 0–18) diagnosed with IEMs presenting with neurological symptoms from the Mansoura University Children’s Hospital. Clinical data were collected, including demographic information, seizure characteristics, perinatal events, and family history. Laboratory investigations encompassed metabolic panels, tandem mass spectrometry, and urine organic acid analysis. Neuroimaging, including MRI and EEG, was also performed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the prevalence and types of neurological presentations in different IEM disorders.
Results
The study included 31 patients (15 males, 16 females), predominantly from consanguineous backgrounds (83.9%). The most common diagnosis was organic acidemia (51.6%), followed by mitochondrial disorders (22.6%). Seizures were the most frequent neurological presentation (71%), with generalized tonic-clonic seizures being the most prevalent type. EEG findings varied, with generalized epileptogenic dysfunction observed in 22.6% of cases. MRI results showed white matter involvement in 54.8% of patients, with basal ganglia and thalamic changes noted in organic acidemia cases.
Conclusion
Neurological manifestations of IEMs are varied, with seizures being a common feature. The study highlights the challenges in diagnosing IEMs due to their rarity and the necessity of a high index of suspicion, particularly in patients with acute encephalopathy. Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent irreversible neurological damage. This study underscores the need for further research into IEMs in pediatric populations to enhance clinical understanding and management strategies.
Integration of machine learning and risk modeling to analyze and validate the role of senescent genes in lupus nephritis with monkeypox virus
Authors: Wang Yaojun , Li Qiang
Published: November 2024

Objective
Monkeypox virus is now spreading rapidly around the world, but the mechanism of interaction between it and lupus nephritis is not yet clear.The purpose of this study is to explore the role and mechanism of cell aging in lupus nephritis combined with monkeypox virus infection.
Method
The data comes from GEO and GeneCards.Through Limma and WGCNA analysis, differential expression genes (DEGs) and module genes were identified, and KEGG and GO enrichment analysis was carried out.In addition, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and LASSO regression was used to screen genes related to aging. The diagnostic effectiveness was evaluated by Norma diagram and ROC curve, and verified on GSE99967.Immune infiltration and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) Were also included in the study.In the end, miRNet was used to construct a miRNA-mRNA-TF network and screen targeted drugs through DGIdb.
Results
5707 DEGs were identified in the lupus nephritis data set and 737 in the monkeypox data. The two have a total of 113 genes, which are related to immune cell function and aging.The three central genes screened showed an AUC of 0.71 to 0.88 in the column chart, indicating good diagnostic potential.Immune infiltration analysis showed immune cell disorders and related pathway activation.The miRNA-mRNA-TF network covers 516 miRNAs and 15 transcription factors, and enrichment analysis shows that it plays an important role in aging and inflammation.Potential Target Drugs Screened Include Guttiferone K And Silicon Phthalocyanine 4.
Conclusion
This study confirmed the key genes (STAT1, ORC1, GTF2B) related to cell aging and immunity, and developed a line chart for the diagnosis of monkeypox virus infection combined with lupus nephritis, and at the same time screened drug candidates with targeted potential.
Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among pregnant women who use biomass for cooking in rural parts of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Aravindalochanan Vigneswari , Sinharoy Sheela , Thangavel Gurusamy , Puttaswamy Naveen , Garg Sarada , Sambandam Sankar , Mukhopadhyay Krishnendu , Natesan Durairaj , Ramasamy Rengaraj , Rajamani Karthikeyan , Natarajan Priyakumar , Gopalkrishna Meenakshi Sundarem , Jaacks Lindsay M. , Balakrishnan Kalpana , Ramakrishnan Usha , Jabbarzadeh Shirin , DB Barr , Clasen Thomas , Checkley William , Peel Jennifer L.
Published: November 2024

Background
Anaemia during pregnancy is a major public health concern in India. Biomass fuel use is common in a few rural areas of Tamil Nadu state and there is growing evidence that its use is associated with anaemia. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and to identify the coexisting determinants of anaemia among exclusive biomass-using rural pregnant women.
Methods
We used baseline data collected from 799 rural pregnant women with a gestational age between 9 and 20 weeks from two districts of Tamil Nadu, India who were enrolled in a multi-country randomised controlled trial of a liquefied petroleum gas intervention. Haemoglobin (Hb) was measured in capillary blood using the Haemocue-201 point of case device. Hb was categorized as normal (Hb ≥ 11g/dL), mild anaemia (Hb 10.0-10.9g/dL), moderate anaemia (Hb 7.0-9.9g/dL), or severe anaemia (Hb < 7.0g/dL). Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with anaemia.
Results
Overall prevalence of any anaemia was 66.7% (95% confidence interval: 63.4–70%) and that of mild anaemia was 31.9% (28.7–35.1%), moderate anaemia 33.7% (30.4–36.9%), and severe anaemia was 1.1% (0.6–2.2%) Wealth index, body mass index classified as underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), being a multigravida, and hand wash area not observed were associated with a significantly higher odds of anaemia.
Conclusion
This exclusive biomass using pregnant women had quite higher rates of anaemia and underweight than that of rural estimates from recent NFHS reports for Tamil Nadu state indicating the need to improve their overall anthropometric status and anaemia together emphasizing on healthy dietary habits.
Flow diverter alone versus flow diverter combine with coiling for larger intracranial aneurysm treatment: a retrospective， propensity score matched study with a focus on midterm outcomes
Authors: Ma Wulin , An Mengsi , Deng Xin , Liu Shuo , Guo Xinbin
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Flow diverter devices (FDs) have been widely used in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, particularly the large and giant aneurysms, and have gained considerable clinical experience. The objective of this study was to assess the occlusion rate and adverse event of the large and giant aneurysms in the medium term by means of a combined treatment strategy involving Flow Diverter and coils.
Materials and Methods
This is a single-center, retrospective study. The large and giant aneurysms were categorized according to the treatment received: flow-diverter devices combined with coil embolization (FDC group) and flow-diverter devices alone (FD group). After propensity score matching for both groups, the patients’ clinical and imaging data were analyzed and compared.
Results
A total of 103 aneurysms were included, the complete occlusion rate of aneurysms in the FDC group was 59.2% (32/71) at follow up. One unruptured aneurysm underwent delayed rupture. After PSM, 28 aneurysms were included in each group. There was a statistically significant difference in occlusion grade between the two groups at 0–6 months (p=0.03; p=0.004). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of occlusion changes, mRS scores, and complications.
Conclusion
The flow diverter combined with coil embolization for the large and giant aneurysms is effective in improving complete occlusion rates and reducing neck remnants at mid-term. Patients are rarely experiencing delayed rupture and retreated. The staged treatment approach, in conjunction with the selection of an appropriate coil pack density, can minimize the incidence of delayed rupture and rebleeding.
Study on risk factors of preoperative deep vein thrombosis in patients with lower limb fractures and construction and validation of risk prediction nomogram model
Authors: Zheng Fan , Chen Xiaobin , Huang Jianqiang , Lin Chen
Published: November 2024

Background
To explore the correlation between the levels of D-dimer (D-D), fibrinogen (FIB), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and platelets (PLT) in peripheral blood of patients with lower limb fractures and the formation of deep vein thrombosis in lower limbs, and to establish a new thrombosis prediction model for patients with lower limb fractures.
Methods
The patients were divided into DVT group and non DVT group according to whether there was deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity. The differences in the levels of D-D, FIB, FDP and platelets between the two groups were analyzed and compared. ROC curve was used to evaluate the levels of D-D, FIB, FDP and PLT in the peripheral blood of patients with lower extremity fracture to predict the formation of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related risk factors of deep vein thrombosis, and the corresponding nomogram risk prediction model of lower limb deep vein thrombosis in patients with lower limb fractures was drawn according to the regression coefficient, which was verified by calibration curve and consistency curve.
Results
The levels of D-D, FIB, FDP, and PLT in the DVT group were higher than those in the non DVT group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05); Moreover, FIB is superior to D-D, FDP, and PLT in predicting the risk of fractures and thrombosis, while PLT has the weakest predictive power. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that platelet, D-D, FIB and FDP were independent risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in patients with lower limb fractures (P < 0.05); Based on the independent risk factors mentioned above, the complex logistic regression formula was transformed into a visual column chart (with a C-index of 0.962), which has good discrimination and consistency.
Conclusions
The levels of D-D, FIB, FDP and PLT in peripheral blood of patients with lower limb fracture and DVT were significantly increased. Early monitoring of D-D, FIB, FDP and PLT levels in patients with lower limb fracture can effectively screen for lower limb deep vein thrombosis.
The Association Between Hand Grip Strength and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: Insights from SMP-CKD Studies
Authors: Huang Qiong , Chen Linyi , Ouyang Wenwei , Jie Xi-na , Fu Li-zhe , Tang Fang , Wang Jing , Wu Yifan , Liu Xusheng
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS) and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in non-dialysis patients in China, as part of the Self-Management Program for Patients with CKD Cohort (SMP-CKD).
Methods
In the SMP-CKD cohort, we utilized Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to explore the association between HGS and CKD progression. Data were stratified by sex-specific HGS quartiles, sarcopenia status, and HGS thresholds. The HGS thresholds were determined through curve analysis of HGS against composite renal outcomes. Group differences were compared to assess the impact of HGS on CKD outcomes.
Results
A total of 441 participants (mean age 57.0 ± 17 years, 56.0% male) with CKD stages 3–5 from the SMP-CKD cohort who underwent grip strength evaluation between April 2019 and June 2024 were included in the analysis. The findings revealed that participants in the highest bilateral HGS quartile had a significantly lower risk of renal endpoints, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.109 (95% CI: 0.044–0.272) compared to those in the lowest quartile. Patients with sarcopenia exhibited more than twice the risk of increased serum creatinine or acute CKD exacerbations (HR 2.429, 95% CI: 1.218–4.846), as well as a markedly higher risk of severe renal endpoints (HR 4.237, 95% CI: 1.595–11.256). Gender-specific cutoffs identified through ROC analysis were 64.35 kg for men and 39.35 kg for women. Participants with bilateral HGS above these thresholds demonstrated better renal outcomes, underscoring the protective effect of higher HGS against CKD progression.
Conclusion
The study provides strong evidence that HGS is a crucial factor in reducing the risk of CKD progression. Higher levels of HGS are significantly associated with a lower occurrence of renal endpoint events.
Study on response of PM2.5 to urban form in Urumqi, China
Authors: Xi Mingyue , Chen Xuegang , Liu Hongyu , Zhao Gang
Published: November 2024

Urban form significantly affects air quality, which in turn affects public health. In this study, the effects of urban form on PM2.5 concentration levels in the central city of Urumqi in 2000, 2010 and 2020 were analyzed by using high-resolution remote sensing data through a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model that integrates four urban form indicators and four control variables. The study shows that the PM2.5 concentration in the central urban area of Urumqi has not only declined in the last two decades, but also the distribution range is gradually narrowing, and the relative high values are mainly concentrated in Midong District, New Urban District, and Toutunhe District; Agglomeration Index (AI), Largest Patch Index (LPI), and Road Density (RD) have significant effects on PM2.5 concentration, (Average Minimum Neighborhood Distance) ENN_MN, Population density, GDP and precipitation have all changed from negative to positive correlation with PM2.5 concentration in the last two decades, while temperature is always positively correlated with PM2.5 concentration. It is shown that reducing the fragmentation of the urban landscape and the complexity of the urban shape in Urumqi as well as lowering the density of the road network can help to mitigate the concentration of PM2.5. The results of this study are of great significance for better understanding the relationship between urban form and PM2.5 concentration, and for more scientific urban spatial planning.
Unsupervised local learning based on voltage-dependent synaptic plasticity for resistive and ferroelectric synapses
Authors: Alibart Fabien , Garg Nikhil , Balafrej Ismael , Palhares Joao , Begon-Lours Laura , Florini Davide , Falcone Donato , Stecconi Tommaso , Bragaglia Valeria , Offrein Bert , Portal Jean-Michel , Querlioz Damien , Beilliard Yann , Drouin Dominique
Published: November 2024

In this study, we introduce voltage-dependent synaptic plasticity (VDSP) as an efficient approach for unsupervised and local learning in memristive synapses based on Hebbian principles. This method enables online learning without requiring complex pulse-shaping circuits typically necessary for spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). We show how VDSP can be advantageously adapted to three types of memristive devices (TiO2, HfO2-based metal-oxide filamentary synapses, and HfZrO4-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJ)) with disctinctive switching characteristics. System-level simulations of spiking neural networks incorporating these devices were conducted to validate unsupervised learning on MNIST-based pattern recognition tasks, achieving state-of-the-art performance. The results demonstrated over 83% accuracy across all devices using 200 neurons. Additionally, we assessed the impact of device variability, such as switching thresholds and HRS/LRS levels, and proposed mitigation strategies to enhance robustness.
Factors associated with e-cigarette initiation and conversion to conventional cigarette among adolescents in Malaysia, a scoping review.
Authors: Mohdkhairi Muzzammil , Mulenga David
Published: November 2024

Introduction
E-cigarettes are a contentious disruptor in the global fight against tobacco, with debates surrounding their role as smoking cessation tools versus the risk of renormalizing smoking, particularly among adolescents. While factors influencing e-cigarette initiation and conversion to conventional smoking have been extensively studied in high-income Western countries, there is limited research on this issue in an upper-middle-income country such as Malaysia. This scoping review aims to explore factors associated with e-cigarette initiation and conversion to cigarette smoking in Malaysian adolescents.
Methods
In December 2022, a search was conducted in Scopus, Ovid Medline, and Web of Sciences databases for studies focused on e-cigarettes and adolescents in Malaysia. Additional sources, such as gray literature from Google Scholar, government reports, and non-governmental organizations, were also reviewed. Studies focusing on populations outside Malaysia or including age groups beyond adolescents were excluded.
Results
Eleven studies were included, all focusing specifically on Malaysian adolescents. Similar to findings from high-income countries, factors associated with e-cigarette initiation include male gender, appealing flavors, media influence, and legal loopholes with poor enforcement. However, data on conversion to conventional smoking, especially among never-smokers, remains limited.
Discussion
This review underscores key research gaps, particularly the limited understanding of the risk of conversion to cigarette smoking. Further research tailored to Malaysia’s unique social and legal context is necessary to address these gaps.
Development and Validation of Nomograms for Preoperative Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors Using Ultrasound and MRI
Authors: Ma dianpei , Liu Chun , Hao Xiaohan , Zhu Yun , Luo Changfan , Gao Zhizhen , Wang Changliang , Du Huiyu , Chen Lin , Gao Frankliu , Huang Yu , Qiu Ben sheng
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To develop nomograms based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) features for accurate preoperative classification of benign and malignant breast tumors.
Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 185 patients with breast tumors, divided into training and test sets in a 7:3 ratio. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression were employed to identify independent risk factors. Two models were developed based on these risk factors: Model 1 (US morphology + MRI border + lymph node metastasis) and Model 2 (US morphology + MRI border + lymph node metastasis + density). These models were evaluated using calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis, and clinical impact curves.
Results: Multivariate logistic analysis of the training set identified four independent risk factors: US morphology (OR: 0.075, P<0.05), density (OR: 1.581, P=0.608), MRI border (OR: 0.12, P<0.04), and lymph node metastasis (OR: 208.980, P=0.001). These factors were incorporated into the diagnostic nomogram for breast tumors. The nomograms demonstrated good predictive performance in distinguishing benign from malignant breast tumors. The area under the curve (AUC) for Model 1 was 0.960 (training set) and 0.922 (test set), while for Model 2, the AUC was 0.964 (training set) and 0.940 (test set).
Conclusion: This study highlights the effectiveness of MRI and US features in differentiating between benign and malignant breast tumors. Constructing nomogram models based on these features can enhance the accuracy of breast tumor diagnosis, facilitating personalized diagnosis and treatment for patients.
miR-518a-3p Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation Through Targeting to LncRNA-NONHSAT192404.1
Authors: Yang Huachao , Gan Lin , Zheng Yu , Min Jie , Xiong Zhifeng , Wang Ting , Hu Shisi , Lv Gang
Published: November 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer with limited treatment options and poor patient outcomes. We demonstrate that LncRNA-NONHSAT192404.1 acts as a molecular sponge for the tumor-suppressive miR-518a-3p, modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is critical for cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. Overexpression of LncRNA-NONHSAT192404.1 inhibits TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while its knockdown enhances these oncogenic behaviors. By binding miR-518a-3p, LncRNA-NONHSAT192404.1 reduces its availability for targeting mRNAs. These findings suggest that targeting LncRNA-NONHSAT192404.1 could be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes in TNBC.
Unveiling Trends in Forecasting Models for Crop Pest and Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic and Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Goyal Abha , Singh Abhishek , Raghuraman Mahadevan , Ghosh Pritha , Jadhav Aaditya
Published: November 2024

The exacerbation of global warming has significantly heightened the occurrence of crop pest and disease outbreaks, resulting in substantial agricultural losses worldwide. Weather-driven forecasting models play a pivotal role in predicting these outbreaks, facilitating timely and effective intervention strategies. This paper undertakes a comprehensive systematic review of the existing literature, to evaluate the comparative strengths, limitations, and relative efficacy of statistical versus machine learning forecasting models. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis encompassing 1,215 scientific studies sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection database (2000–2023), uncovering a sharp increase in research activity, particularly post-2019, across key disciplines like entomology, agronomy, and plant science. The continents leading in publication volume are Asia, Europe, and North America, with China, the United States, and India ranking as the top publishing countries. Chinese researchers rank highest among the top ten most productive authors in the field. Key journals with the highest citation rates include Plos One, Insects, and Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. The major research themes identified include deep learning, convolutional neural networks, artificial neural networks, and forecasting models, with keywords such as regression, prediction, insects, population dynamics etc. frequently occurring in the literature. Current research increasingly focuses on leveraging statistical as well as advanced machine learning methodologies, including hybrid and ensemble techniques, aimed at enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of forecasting pest and disease outbreaks. This study not only provides valuable insights into the current landscape of crop pest and disease forecasting but also offers a foundational framework for future research endeavors.
Computational modelling of the semi-classical quantum vacuum in 3D
Authors: Zhang Zixin , Aboushelbaya Ramy , Torres Rui , Grismayer Thomas , Ouatu Iustin , Denis Elliott , James Abigail , Timmis Robin , Leyen Marko von der , Norreys Peter , Silva Luis
Published: November 2024

The commissioning of multi-Petawatt laser systems is gathering pace around the world, promising unparalleled access to ultra-high electromagnetic fields for fundamental Physics studies. Here, we present the first three-dimensional simulation results of two quantum vacuum effects using a semi-classical numerical solver for the Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian. The simulation model is benchmarked against vacuum birefringence analytical results using counter-propagating probe and pump pulses. Simulations of both plane-wave and Gaussian pulses show results consistent with theoretical predictions. The solver is then applied to four-wave mixing using three realistic Gaussian pulses for the first time. First results of the polarisation and power of the output pulse and the number of photons obtained from the interaction are obtained and compared with theory. The output power and polarisation dependence on input polarisation is also investigated, and found to be consistent with the theoretical predictions.
Evolution of the charophyte meadows in an Early Cretaceous karstic lake (La Pedrera de Meià Konservat-Lagerstätte, Southern Pyrenees): integration of charophyte paleoecology and geochemical proxies
Authors: Cano Jordi Pérez , Gil-Delgado Alejandro , Oms Oriol , Mercedes-Martí Ramon
Published: November 2024

The combined taxonomic and palaeoecological analysis of charophyte-rich carbonate microfacies is proven to be a useful methodology for the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of continental settings. However, the integration of these charophyte assemblages with geochemical proxies has not been explored, yet. In the present work, the charophyte-rich muddy carbonates of the Barremian La Pedrera de Meià Konservat-Lagerstätte (Southern Pyrenees, Spain) were studied from a taxonomic, taphonomic, and palaeoecological viewpoint, and the results were later compared with previously published paleoenvironmental proxies (δ13C, δ18O, and elemental geochemistry). In the studied locality, monospecific Echinochara cf. lazarii-Charaxis spicatus meadows are only found in the ephemeral lakes recorded in the lower stages of lake infilling. The high Al, K, Fe and Ti concentrations and δ18O values previously described in these carbonates indicate meteoric infilling followed by evaporation periods. Freshwater and brackish communities are found in the upper stage of lake infilling. Freshwater settings had mixed meadows with Atopochara-Clavatoraxis, Clavatoroid-Clavatoraxis, and Ascidiella-Favargerella plants, while the brackish environments, that occurred laterally to freshwater, contain meadows dominated by Porochara? – Charaxis sp., and Echinochara cf. lazarii-Charaxis spicatus plants. Miliolids and broken dasycladaceans also occur in these facies. Sr/Ba ratios, REE + Y concentrations, and δ13C and δ18O values previously described in the carbonates of this part of the section indicates prevalence of freshwater environments with occasional marine influence, which agrees with the occurrence of distinct brackish and freshwater charophyte assemblage and marine-affinity organisms, suggesting that during the last stage of evolution, the lake was part of a coastal wetland. This work demonstrates that the integration of geochemical, palaeontological and palaeoecological datasets improves the understanding of the fossil continental settings and their evolution.
Explainable machine learning for groundwater contamination by arsenic remobilization from a vadose zone
Authors: Tran Tho Huu Huynh , Kim Sang Hyun , Nguyen Quynh Hoang Ngan , Kwon Man Jae , Chung Jaeshik , Lee Seunghak
Published: November 2024

The vadose zone serves as a barrier retaining arsenic (As) from reaching groundwater. However, previous studies revealed that retained As can be remobilized from vadose zone under wet–dry cycles, increasing contamination risks. This study quantified As remobilization and developed a predictive model using soil properties. Twenty-two unsaturated soil columns with varying characteristics underwent wet-dry cycles after As retention, resulting in remobilization of 13.9–150.6 mg/kg of As (37.0–74.6% of retained As). A random forest model was established to predict As remobilization using soil properties, including organic matter (OM) content, iron (Fe) content, uniformity coefficient, D30 (particle diameter at which 30% by weight of soil is finer), and bulk density. Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) analyses revealed that D30, inter-related with Fe content, exhibited the highest contribution to As remobilization, followed by OM content, partially mediated by bulk density, offering insights into groundwater contamination risks under fluctuating meteorological conditions.
A universal pathway for solar flare eruptions
Authors: Cheng Rui , Wang Zhao , Jin Xuejian , chen Yanhong , Shi Lulin , Wang Guodong , Zhou Zexian , Zhang Jinfu , Wu Xiaoxia , Lei Yu , Wang Yuyu , Zhang Yanshi , Chen Liangwen , Liu Shuai , Zhu Bingli , Zhao Yongtao , Yang Jie , Ma Xinwen
Published: November 2024

Solar flares are driven by a rapid release of magnetic energy accumulated quasi-statically in the solar corona. This energy accumulation, driven by magnetohydrodynamics processes, occurs in macroscale systems, while its release is governed by kinetic effects at microscale. The vast separation in system scales hinders the understanding of cross-scale energy cascades, leaving the question of how flare eruptions are initiated unresolved. Here, we report laboratory experiments that replicate the complete evolution of coronal magnetic energy from quasi-static accumulation to abrupt release and subsequent eruption. The experiments adopt the most common bipolar field in solar active regions, and drive magnetic energy accumulation with the most prevalent quasi-static stress. We show that the accumulated energy is stored in a magnetohydrodynamics-governed current sheet located at the polarity inversion line of the bipolar field. The current density and thickness of the current sheet continuously vary with energy storage, ultimately falls into kinetic regimes. We found that the current sheet, governed by kinetic effects, rapidly undergoes unstable fragmentation. Concurrently, plasmoid-mediated magnetic reconnection is triggered, initiating magnetic eruptions. Our results demonstrate a universal pathway for flare eruptions and how the current sheet and plasmoid-mediated reconnection function in this process, placing critical constraints on solar eruptions.
A Novel Approach Data Security in Cloud Using Authenticationwith Blockchain Authorization
Authors: Tiwari Chandra Sekhar , Jha Vijay Kumar
Published: November 2024

Biometric Authentication (BA) is frequently used for authentication owing to its high recognition rate. The existing biometric hiding algorithms execute data embedding on areas that do not encompass key features of the biometric. Moreover, these techniques lacked authorization. Thus, a Secure Data Transfer model with BA and Blockchain (BC)-based authorization is proposed. Primarily, the data owner registers their details and the registered face and palm image undergoes pre-processing. By employing Pruned Residual Network 50 (PRESNET 50), the facial landmarks are extracted from the pre-processed face image. Next, Digit Folding based Log Facial Jaw Points Curve Cryptographic (DF-LFJPCC) is executed based on the jaw points to generate a secret key. Then, the Tan Sigmoid-based Convolutional Neural Network (TS-CNN) classifier is trained with the features of the pre-processed images and facial landmarks. After registration, the user logins, and their processed face and palm features are given to the trained TS-CNN for authenticating the user. The secret is also used to improve the authentication process. After successful login, the file to be uploaded is converted into cipher, which is then encrypted using Log Facial Jaw Points Curve Cryptographic (LFJPCC) and uploaded to the cloud server. In the end, authorization is performed in the BC based on the hashcode generated using Faro shuffle -Tiger (FS-Tiger) when a user requests data. As per the experimental analysis, the proposed technique outperforms prevailing models.