bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrenchment in Higher Education
Authors: Bill Joyce Dr.
Published: March 2024

The covid19 pandemic along with changing attitudes has forced many rural public universities to retrench faculty and staff. As enrollments decrease, institutions of higher learning must adapt and change to the changing demographics. Retrenchment is only one alternative to dealing with declining enrollment. Retrenchment needs to be balanced with long-term strategic considerations. As the retrenchment process is conducted, there is a need to review several alternative actions and decisions. Other cost reduction considerations include subsidies to athletics; repair/replacement; and technological infrastructure. Formal and informal communications to faculty, staff, students, and community must be maintained and possibly expanded. Most importantly, the continued education of the students should be completed in as normal a manner as possible.
Rebalance Your Investment Portfolio Periodically: Mantra or Myth?
Authors: D. Mattei Michael , Bauer Daniel
Published: March 2024

The investment mantra goes something like this: “have a well-diversified mix of stocks and bonds and rebalance it to maintain your strategic asset allocation.” Recent publications in the financial press have begun to question the value of periodic portfolio rebalancing. This research examines the equity portion of a well-diversified investment portfolio and shows that the “numbers” just don’t support the mantra. In fact, this research indicates that traditional rebalancing is the worst strategy, on a risk adjusted basis, for long-term portfolio growth when compared to three other strategies. While the mantra has intuitive appeal, it does not make financial sense. A very popular portfolio strategy is to execute rebalancing of the equity portfolio periodically, generally every 12 months – for example selling the overperformers. Recent research has noted investors utilizing this strategy may be depriving themselves of the gains that extend beyond one year (Clements 2005 and Constable 2021). Thus, limiting the equity portion of an investment portfolio to passive, low-cost S&P 500 Index fund and avoiding more costly rebalancing strategies in the longer term typically results in both greater reruns for the level of risk and lower fees than the cost of continuous rebalancing.
From Prohibition to Permissibility: Analysing The Socioeconomic Dynamics of Marijuana Consumption Post-Legalization
Authors: Wui Peter , Allaka Prasant
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the socioeconomic dynamics of marijuana consumption in the United States following legalization, using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) spanning 2014-2020. The analysis employs fixed-effect Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression to explore three key stages of legalization: regulation, medical, and recreational. Results reveal a significant increase in marijuana consumption associated with recreational legalization, while medical legalization shows no statistically significant impact. Positive relationships between consumption and median income, along with negative relationships with income inequality and unemployment rates among highly educated individuals, underscore the nuanced effects of legalization. The study contributes insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions, awareness campaigns, and evidence-based regulations.
American Politics V The Millennial Generation
Authors: S. Buzza Professor John
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted with the purpose of understanding recent millennial college graduates and how both President Obama’s administration and President Trump’s administration could have a direct effect upon the generation. When conducting the research, the purpose was to find out which sectors of the administrations’ policies would have the biggest effect on millennials both now and in the future. Former President Obama and President Trump have extremely different views on how the nation's current economy, its healthcare system and its position on foreign policy will facilitate the economy in the future. The study associates the policies of each administration and the implications of each – given the general beliefs and attitudes of millennials. Many of President Obama's policies align with the moral code of most millennials. President Trump's proposed plans may help bolster the American economy as well as the job market for millennials, but his ideologies do not align with that of most millennials. That disconnect between the results and the means to attain them makes it hard for a majority of millennials to support the current administration and its policies. That said, without millennial support, is our current administration on a crash course to destroy the support needed to run our great country effectively and efficiently? Our paper will examine the facts and justify our findings.
The Transformation of The International Cat Litter Industry: The Rise and Popularity of Tofu Cat Litter
Authors: Siluo Qinghua
Published: March 2024

Welcome, feline darlings and ecologically cognizant pet people! Might it be said that the unending wreck and ecological effect of conventional feline litter boxes burn you out? Indeed, we have a thrilling answer for you - the presentation of progressive tofu feline litter for natural insurance! This innovative thing, not as it was, gives a perfect and agreeable inclusion for your feline friend, yet it also has an effect guarantee on our planet. In this article, we will investigate the mind-blowing elements of this eco-accommodating option in contrast to customary feline litter. Express farewell to superfluous plastic sacks and hi to a cleaner inner voice with Dispensable Tofu Cat Litter!
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN ADULTS
Authors: Юркин А.К. , Юркина Е.А. , Жигулина А.И. , Федорец В.Н.
Published: March 2024

Системная красная волчанка относится к тяжелым инвалидизирующим аутоиммунным заболеваниям с вовлечением в патологический процесс различных органов и систем, в том числе с возможным многоуровневым поражением нервной системы. Неврологические аспекты системной красной волчанки, особенно в отношении периферической нервной системы, остаются наименее изученными, их отличает значительная вариабельность клинических проявлений. Как показал анализ научных публикаций, патогенез периферических невропатий до конца не изучен, но, вероятно, имеет значение совокупность расстройств иммунорегуляции, часть из которых может быть генетически детерминирована. Это во многом объясняет трудности диагностики, требует дальнейших исследований с целью усовершенствования методов ранней верификации неврологических нарушений при системной красной волчанке, имеющих значение для прогноза и качества жизни данной категории пациентов.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a severe disabling autoimmune disease with involvement of various organs and systems in the pathological process, including possible multilevel damage to the nervous system. Neurological aspects, especially in relation to the peripheral nervous system, systemic lupus erythematosus remain the least studied, they are distinguished by a significant variability in clinical manifestations. As the analysis of scientific publications has shown, the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies has not been fully studied, but it is likely that a combination of immunoregulatory disorders is important, some of which can be genetically determined. This largely explains the difficulties of diagnosis, requires further research to improve the methods of early verification of neurological disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus, which are important for the prognosis and quality of life of this category of patients.
HEPATOTOXIC EFFECT AND METABOLISM OF ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
Authors: Суханов Д.С. , Алексеева Ю.С. , Тимофеев Е.В.
Published: March 2024

В обзорной статье рассмотрены современные аспекты печеночного метаболизма применяемых в настоящее время противотуберкулезных препаратов первого, второго и третьего ряда. Показаны возможные варианты генетического полиморфизма ферментов I и II фаз биотрансформации лекарственных препаратов и его влияние на частоту возникновения лекарственно-индуцированных поражений печени. Рассмотрена частота гепатотоксических реакций на фоне терапии лекарственными средствами в составе режимов химиотерапии, применяемых для лечения туберкулеза. Проанализированы данные о тяжести поражений печени и характере преобладающего биохимического синдрома (цитолитический, холестатический и смешанный варианты) в зависимости от используемого препарата. Особый акцент сделан на влиянии на печень новых противотуберкулезных лекарственных средств — бедаквилина, линезолида и деламанида. Выявлены препараты, имеющие максимальный риск лекарственной гепатотоксичности (изониазид, рифампицин, пиразинамид, ПАСК, амоксициллин/клавуланат), а также противотуберкулезные лекарственные средства с недоказанным негативным влиянием на печень (линезолид и деламанид). Сделан вывод о необходимости дальнейшего изучения метаболизма противотуберкулезных препаратов и его влияния на частоту лекарственных поражений печени с целью своевременного мониторинга побочных эффектов лекарственной терапии и их профилактики.

The review article discusses modern aspects of hepatic metabolism of currently used anti-tuberculosis drugs of the first, second and third series. Possible variants of genetic polymorphism of enzymes of phases I and II of biotransformation of drugs and its effect on the incidence of drug-induced liver lesions are shown. The frequency of hepatotoxic reactions against the background of drug therapy as part of chemotherapy regimens used to treat tuberculosis is considered. The data on the severity of liver lesions and the nature of the predominant biochemical syndrome (cytolytic, cholestatic and mixed variants), depending on the drug used, were analyzed. Special emphasis is placed on the effect on the liver of new anti–tuberculosis drugs — bedaquiline, linezolid and delamanid. Drugs with the highest risk of drug hepatotoxicity (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, PASC, amoxicillin/clavulanate), as well as anti-tuberculosis drugs with an unproven negative effect on the liver were identified (linezolid and delamanid). It is concluded that it is necessary to further study the metabolism of anti-tuberculosis drugs and its effect on the frequency of medicinal liver lesions in order to timely monitor the side effects of drug therapy and their prevention.
Pentingnya Keterampilan Retorika Da’i di Era Society 5.0 dalam Efektivitas Keberhasilan Dakwah Kepada Mad’u
Authors: Umi Khofifah
Published: March 2024

The era of society 5.0 is an era where almost all human work is assisted by sophisticated machines or technology that makes it easier for humans to do their jobs. In this era of all-technology, preachers are required to have rhetorical skills and a qualified ability to use technology as a medium in conveying tausyiah or da'wah to mad'u. Skills in using technology will pave the way for preachers to be more flexible in conveying their da'wah without fear of being limited by space and time. Da'wah skills on social media can take the form of interesting writing or videos that make mad'u interested in reading and watching what the preachers convey where this is the key to how effective the da'wah delivered to mad'u is.

Keyword :Era of society 5.0, skills, effectiveness
Efektivitas Majelis Taklim Al-Istiqomah untuk Mempererat Ukhwah Masyarakat Desa Wangandowo Kecamatan Bojong Kabupaten Pekalongan
Authors: Fa'izah Anisatul , Eliana Dita , Auliya Rizka
Published: March 2024

Dalam kehidupan sosial, masyarakat memiliki peran penting dalam kehidupannya. Sebagai makhluk sosial, masyarakat  tentu memerlukan interaksi dengan masyarakat lainnya dalam menjalankan aktivitas  sehari-harinya. Kehidupan sosial biasa kita temui dalam lingkungan masyarakat agar kehidupan sosial dalam lingkungan masyarakat tidak terjadi pertikaian   yang tidak diinginkan, kita sebagai masyarakat mempunyai hak dalam  menciptakan kehidupan bermasyarakat yang tentram,  menjaga kedamaian dan kekompakan, salah  satunya dengan mengikuti kegiatan majelis taklim yang ada hadir ditengah masyarakat. Majelis taklim hadir ditengah masyarakat salah satu upaya  dalam meminimalisir perselisihan antar masyarakatnya. Dalam penelitian kali ini, kami ikut serta hadir mengikuti pengajian ibu-ibu majelis taklim  Al-Istiqomah Di Desa Wangandowo, Kecamatan Bojong, Kabupaten Pekalongan.Metode penelitian yang kami lakukan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif yaitu dengan prosedur mengumpulkan data melalui pengamatan langsung dilapangan,dokumentasi,dan interview. Dan berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian kami, diperoleh bahwa jamaah pengajian ibu-ibu Al Istiqomah mempunyai agenda kegiatan tahunan bahkan kegiatan yang akan diselenggarakan. Kegiatan majelis taklim Al-Istiqomah ini diharapkan bisa menjadi wadah masyarakat untuk menjaga kerukunan dan menjalin ukhuwah islamiyyah yang lebih erat. Isi dari pembahasan ini tentang kegiatan yang ada didalam majelis taklim dan permasalahan pada tingkat partisipasi dari jamaah dalam mengunjungi pengajian rutinan majelis taklim al – istiqomah desa wangandowo.
Analisis Klasifikasi Diagnosa Penyakit Diabetes Melitus Berdasarkan Komparasi Algoritma Supervised Learning
Authors: Siridion Sherly Taurin , Siregar Bakti
Published: March 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem that threatens various age groups, including children, teenagers, and adults. In 2021, the mortality rate due to diabetes mellitus reached alarming levels, making it a global threat, especially in Indonesia, where the number of patients reached 19.5 million. Efforts to address diabetes mellitus include early prediction of the disease's risk in patients, and machine learning approaches have shown potential in this regard. This study employs a quantitative method by utilizing secondary data from the UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository titled "Early Stages Diabetes Risk Prediction". The data was obtained from questionnaires filled out by diabetes patients at Sylhet Diabetes Hospital and validated by healthcare professionals. A total of 520 data samples with 17 attributes were used for analysis. The tested Supervised Learning algorithms include Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbour, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes Classifier, Artificial Neural Network, Decision Tree C4.5, and Gradient Boosting Classifier. The research findings reveal that the Random Forest algorithm achieved the highest accuracy of 98.71% in diagnosing diabetes mellitus. This study significantly contributes to enhancing the understanding of diabetes mellitus and has the potential for further development in finding the best algorithm for early disease prediction. It is hoped that this research will make a significant contribution to the efforts in preventing and managing diabetes mellitus, ultimately improving the quality of life for patients and reducing its impact on the population.
On the Question of Authorship in Large Language Models
Authors: Soos Carlin , Haroutunian Levon
Published: March 2024

Adoption of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) across an increasingly diverse range of tasks and domains poses significant problems for authorial attribution and other basic knowl­edge organization practices. Utilizing methods from value-sensitive design, this paper examines the theoretical, practical, and ethical issues introduced by LLMs and describes how their use challenges the supposedly firm boundaries separating specific works and creators. Focusing on the implications of LLM usage for higher education, we use hypothetical value scenarios and stakeholder analysis to weigh the pedagogical risks and benefits of LLM usage, assessing the consequences of their use on and beyond college campuses. While acknowledging the unique challenges presented by this emerging educational trend, we ultimately argue that the issues associated with these novel tools are indicative of preexisting limitations within standard entity-relationship models, not wholly new issues ushered in by the advent of a relatively young technology. We contend that LLM-generated texts largely exacerbate, rather than invent from scratch, the preexisting faults that have frequently posed problems to those seeking to determine, ascribe, and regulate authorship attributions. As the growing popularity of generative AI raises concerns about plagiarism, academic integrity, and intellectual property, we advocate for a reevaluation of reductive work-creator associations and encourage the adoption of more expansive authorial concepts.
Perspective Chapter: Clinical Features and Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Al-Subai Reem , M. Al-Emadi Reema , Aljohary Hesham , Murad Musab
Published: March 2024

This chapter aims to explore the clinical features and effective management strategies for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), which, if not appropriately treated, can lead to serious consequences and ultimately require amputation. It is crucial to adopt a comprehensive approach that encompasses accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plans. These ulcers have a multifactorial etiology and a wide range of clinical features that can be attributed to the ulcers themselves, the underlying causes contributing to their development, or their complications, particularly infections. However, timely and accurate diagnosis can be challenging due to a lack of sensation, making risk factor assessments and severity assessments through various classification systems necessary. Managing DFUs effectively requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes optimum glycemic control, performing wound debridement, relieving pressure from the affected area, controlling infections, and utilizing appropriate dressings.
Applications of Geotechnologies in the Field of Public Health
Authors: José Becerra Melgris , Araujo Bernardino da Rocha Mariano
Published: March 2024

This chapter discusses the role of epidemiology and the importance of spatial analysis in understanding patterns of disease occurrence in human populations. Epidemiologists use inductive and deductive approaches to investigate the relationships between risk factors and health outcomes, using advanced techniques such as factor analysis, multilevel modeling, and causal diagrams. Spatial analysis plays a crucial role in medical geography by identifying a disease’s spatial and temporal distribution. Methods such as point, line, and surface patterns are used to analyze spatial clusters, connections, and trends in disease distribution. These techniques provide valuable information for public health decision-making. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of spatial analysis, using geographic information systems and web-based tools to track the spread of the virus. Advances in geoprocessing techniques, particularly geographic information system (GIS), have transformed medical geography. GIS makes it possible to describe, analyze, and predict spatial patterns by integrating data from different sources and spatial scales. These tools facilitate the creation of spatially explicit variables and allow the exploration of spatial groupings and relationships in the data. Considering the spatial context is essential to understand the determinants of health and the influence of the environment on individual and collective health.
Perspective Chapter: Correctional Facilities in Uganda – Policies, Practices, and Challenges
Authors: Mbandlwa Zamokuhle
Published: March 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of correctional facilities in Uganda, examining the intricate interplay between policies, practices, and the formidable challenges faced by the nation’s criminal justice system. Delving into the historical evolution of correctional policies, the chapter sheds light on Uganda’s commitment to rehabilitation, reintegration, and the protection of human rights within its correctional framework. The discussion encompasses the daily practices within these facilities, emphasizing the role of rehabilitation programs, vocational training, and psycho-social support in fostering inmate development. It scrutinizes the implementation of policies, considering the impact on the overall well-being of incarcerated individuals and the potential for successful reintegration into society. However, the chapter does not shy away from addressing the significant challenges confronting Uganda’s correctional system. These challenges range from overcrowded facilities and resource limitations to the prevalence of corruption and human rights concerns. The analysis provides insights into the systemic issues that impede the effective execution of correctional policies, hindering the nation’s ability to meet international standards of humane and rehabilitative incarceration. By offering a nuanced perspective on Uganda’s correctional landscape, this chapter contributes to the ongoing discourse on global criminal justice reform, providing valuable lessons for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars seeking to enhance the efficacy of correctional systems in diverse socio-political contexts.
Mental Health and Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Persons
Authors: Izutsu Takashi , Tsutsumi Atsuro
Published: March 2024

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) persons often experience violations of their human rights. Due to persistent social barriers, severe discrimination and human rights violations, social isolation and loneliness, as well as mental health conditions, are reported to be experienced widely among LGBTQI persons globally. Studies have shown that symptoms and diagnoses of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, and self-harm and suicidal attempts are reported higher among LGBTQI persons. Risk factors include factual and perceived discrimination, internalized phobia, violence, unsuccessful coping strategies, lack of sense of belonging, self-stigma, concealment-openness of their sexual orientation and gender identity, rejection by family members and friends, and lack of LGBTQI communities nearby. Further research with special attention to marginalized LGBTQI persons is warranted, together with enhancing awareness, data collection, policy and legal systems and the capacity of key stakeholders to promote and protect the human rights and mental health of LGBTQI persons.
Perspective Chapter: Integrated Network Pharmacology and Multiomics Approach to Elucidate the Repositioning of Fatal Food Toxins to Lifesaving Anticancer Drug
Authors: A. Badria Farid , Foda Mohamed
Published: March 2024

This research investigates repurposing potato glycoalkaloids as lifesaving anticancer drugs. There is integration of network pharmacology with multiomics. Solanine, chaconine, and their hydrolysis products’ pharmacokinetics were tested using SwissADME. Solanine and chaconine targets were identified via reverse pharmacophore mapping. Through database mining, 26 solanine and chaconine targets were found in cancer genes. To understand gene function, KEGG and GO analyses were done. STRING was used to create a protein-protein interaction network to find similarities between chemicals and cancer. To find prognostic genes in various cancers, CytoHubba in Cytoscape identified hub genes and GEPIA2 did survival analysis. ADME testing for solanine and chaconine medication candidates failed. Their glycosylation boosted solubility and P-glycoprotein inhibition. Cancer targets shared by both drugs were elevated in cancer-related pathways such as Pi3k-Akt1 and HIF-1. Cell death control and programmed cell death genes were enriched in gene ontology study. We built a protein-protein interaction network with 26 nodes and 38 edges. The hub genes were STAT3, TLR4, FGF2, IL2, NFKB1, AR, CHUK, TRIM24, NOS3, and KDM1A. Survival research showed that these genes predict cancer prognosis. We found that solanine and chaconine may interact with cancer-related genes to fight cancer. Discovery of hub genes with prognostic significance sheds light on glycoalkaloids’ anticancer processes.
The Role of Surface Modification Methods for Sustainable Textiles
Authors: Korkmaz Gürsel , Kılınç Mehmet , Kılınç Nur , Dilek Kut Y.
Published: March 2024

Sustainability aims to provide a livable future for the next generations. Studies on reducing high chemical, energy, and water consumption make significant contributions to sustainability in many sectors. The textile sector consists of many processes such as fiber production, yarn and fabric production, dyeing, and finishing processes. Each of these processes consumes a significant amount of water and energy. Cotton fiber production consumes approximately 1559 kg of fresh water per kg, and polyester fiber production consumes approximately 108 kWh of electricity per kg. Clean water consumption can be up to 200 L/kg in subsequent processes such as bleaching, dyeing, printing, and finishing. Surface modification techniques in textile production can play a role in sustainability, especially in areas such as reduction, reuse, and recycling. In this chapter, we aim to investigate the effects of surface modification techniques on reducing chemical, energy, and water consumption in textile production, improving textile performance properties, and altering the service life of textiles.
Waste Management for Sustainability in the Built Environment
Authors: Osita Omeje Hyginus , Arinzechukwu Okanya Victor
Published: March 2024

Wastes are unwanted, undesirable, or unusable materials. Waste is any substance discarded after primary use or may be worthless, defective, and regarded as having little or no use. A by-product and, by contrast, a joint product of relatively minor economic value. Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste, namely preservation, recycling, and reuse from its collection point to its final disposal. Waste generated from construction sites is not supposed to constitute problems for the built environment. Sustainable construction waste management is becoming a reality because of increased awareness and education to reduce/recycle/reuse wastes, provision of collection and recycling points, and improved techniques for reusing construction materials. This chapter will focus on reducing, reusing, recycling, and recovery efforts or the 4R waste management approach for a sustainable built environment. This chapter also describes waste management practices, their benefits, and the effect of prefabricated constructions and mass customization design approaches on waste reduction or control.
Casing While Drilling
Authors: Bhatkar Siraj , Wadgaonkar Vinayak
Published: March 2024

Conventional drilling methods have faced significant operational and financial challenges, such as the cost of purchasing, inspecting, handling, and transporting drill equipment, and, most importantly, tripping in and out of the drill string whenever the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) requires replacement, a wiper trip, or total depth is reached. Tripping the drill string in and out not only contributes to Non Productive Time (NPT), but also causes well control issues such as wellbore instability and lost circulation. All of this has prompted the oil and gas sector, as well as any other engineering industry, to look for innovative techniques and approaches to address these issues. A new drilling method has emerged as a result of technological developments and continuous improvements to conventional drilling methods. Casing when drilling has been established as a result of technological developments and continuous improvements to traditional drilling processes. Casing Drilling is the process of drilling and casing a well at the same time, employing active casing to maximize production. This paper provides an overview of the casing while drilling method (CwD) and its practical application in well drilling. The typical drilling method and casing while drilling are also compared. The CwD approach outperforms the standard drilling method by a wide margin.
Signaling Pathways in Drug Development
Authors: Ali Ahmad Habab , Seemab Kiran , Wahab Fazal , Imran Khan Muhammad
Published: March 2024

This chapter reviews the basic principles of signal transduction and highlights its critical role in drug discovery and development. The chapter begins by explaining the concept of cellular signaling and the variety of signaling pathways that regulate critical cellular processes. It examines the key components of signaling pathways, including receptors, ligands, intercellular messengers, and effectors, and emphasizes their complex interplay. In addition, the chapter examines the role of signaling pathways as targets for drug interventions. It examines different classes of receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors, nuclear receptors, and tyrosine kinase receptors, and discusses their activation and downstream signaling events. The various mechanisms of drug action, including agonists, antagonists, and modulators, are also studied in the context of signal transduction. In addition, the chapter highlights the importance of pathway specificity and crosstalk in drug development and highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with pharmacological modulation of pathways. It also addresses the impact of dysregulated signaling pathways in disease, and how targeted use of these pathways can lead to innovative therapeutic strategies. Finally, the chapter addresses the importance of studying signal transduction in both preclinical and clinical settings, emphasizing the need for robust and reliable tests to assess drug efficacy and safety and for effective use of therapeutics.
Full-Arch Implant-Supported Restorations: Hybrid versus Monolithic Design
Authors: Achim Borsanu Ioan , Erdelyi Ralph-Alexandru , Rusu Laura , Manuel Antonie Sergiu , Adrian Bratu Emanuel
Published: March 2024

The selection of materials for full-arch restorations remains a critical decision for clinicians, with ongoing debates surrounding the utilization of hybrid versus monolithic materials. This book chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of the considerations, challenges, and implications associated with these material choices. Beginning with an overview of historical and contemporary material landscapes, the chapter delves into the dynamic interplay between hybrid and monolithic materials, examining their respective compositions, clinical suitability, and long-term performance. Discussions encompass a range of factors including prosthetic space requirements, esthetic considerations, clinical challenges such as bruxism and temporomandibular joint issues, as well as patient-specific considerations such as age. Through comparative analyses, the chapter highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each material type, offering insights into their suitability for different clinical scenarios. The chapter concludes with a discussion on future trends and innovations, paving the way for continued advancements in full-arch restoration materials. Overall, this chapter aims to inform clinicians and researchers, facilitating informed decision making and enhancing patient outcomes in implant dentistry.
The Impact of Hydrofluoric Acid Temperature and Application Method on the Texture of Ceramic Surfaces and the Shear Bond Strength of an Adhesive Cement
Authors: Cuzic Cristiana , Octavian Pricop Marius , Jivanescu Anca , Marcel Negru Radu , Stefan Cuzic Ovidiu , Pricop Alisia , Romînu Mihai
Published: March 2024

All-ceramic restorations represent the fundamentals of contemporary esthetic dentistry. Adhesive dentistry has revolutionized clinical techniques for the preparation, longevity, appearance, and restoration of dental work. This study sought to assess the effects of heated hydrofluoric acid pretreatment and the influence of the application technique on the surface morphology and roughness of leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic materials. Understanding these factors is significant for comprehending the adhesive cementation process. The efficiency of the two HF application strategies and the influence of HF’s temperature on the surface topography of the ceramic was observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. On the prepared ceramic samples, resin cement was applied and light-cured in accordance with the surface conditioning techniques. The shear bond strength values were associated with the micro-retentive surface topography of the ceramic material. The SBS values between the resin cement and the ceramic material were evaluated using universal testing equipment. By utilizing digital microscopy to examine the affected surfaces of the specimens, the failure mechanisms were classified into three distinct categories: adhesive, cohesive, and mixed failure. The data was subjected to one-way and two-way analysis of variance for statistical analysis. The findings indicate that alternate treatment procedures have an impact on the surface properties of the material.
Introducing Pain-Related Molecular Pathways in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Via Protein Interaction Networks
Authors: Amiri-Dashatan Nasrin , Farrokhi-Yekta Reyhaneh , Koushki Mehdi , Ahmadi Nayebali
Published: March 2024

Background: Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the most drastic complications of diabetes. Patients with PDN always reveal spontaneous and stimulus‑evoked pain. However, the pathogenesis mechanisms of PDN are not entirely distinct. Objectives: In the present study protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for PDN was constructed and analyzed to identify key proteins as potential biomarker candidates. Methods: The transcriptomic (genes) and proteomic (proteins) data in articles that focused on PDN with differential expressions were collected. Protein networks were constructed and analyzed using STRING and Cytoscape software, respectively. Further PPI network analysis, gene ontology, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis were performed using MCODE and DAVID tools. Results: A total of 147 differentially regulated proteins/genes were identified in painful diabetic neuropathy, including 91 up-regulated and 56 down-regulated proteins/genes. A network analysis of genes/proteins related to PDN identified COX4I1, NDUFS8, UQCRC1, COX7C, and some other NADH dehydrogenases, including NDUFB7, NDUFS7, NDUFS3, NDUFB5, NDUFA2, and NDUFB4 as hub-bottleneck proteins. With functional enrichment analysis of network clustering, COX7C, HP, RPS12, KCNIP2, and CoL4A1 were established as distinct seed proteins in the obtained modules, which could lead to the discovery of biomarker candidates. Conclusions: These results could provide new insights into pathology and molecular mechanisms, as well as the identification of pathways and proteins/genes involved in causing PDN in diabetic patients. COX7C, HP, RPS12, KCNIP2, and CoL4A1 are the top 5 seed nodes (hub proteins) and can serve as potential biomarker candidates and targets for PDN management. However, further investigations are needed to evaluate these proteins in detail.
Effect of CoQ10 Addition to Rectal Indomethacin on Clinical Pancreatitis and Related Biomarkers in Post-endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Abdi Saeed , Qobadighadikolaei Roja , Jamali Faezeh , Shahrokhi Maryam , Dastan Farzaneh , Abbasinazari Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Background: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is the most prevalent complication of ERCP. Oxidative stress has been mentioned as a cause of PEP. Objectives: As preclinical and clinical studies have shown that CoQ10 has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the present study was designed to examine whether oral CoQ10 addition to rectal indomethacin decreases the rate/severity of PEP. Methods: A prospective double-blind clinical study was done on 347 patients undergoing ERCP. All participants received 100 mg rectal indomethacin just before ERCP. Also, patients were asked to consume CoQ10 (200 mg) or an identical placebo for 1 h before the procedure. The occurrence and severity of PEP were determined in the participants. The levels of amylase, lipase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured 12 h after ERCP. Results: The total rate of PEP was equal to 12.1% in intention-to-treat (ITT) and 13% in per-protocol (PP) analyses. A meaningful difference was observed in the rate and severity of PEP between the CoQ10 and placebo arms (9.8% vs 14.4% in ITT and 10.2% vs 15.1% in PP, sequentially). Secondary levels of amylase, lipase, and MDA were lower in the CoQ10 arm than in the placebo arm (P = 0.032, 0.022, and 0.036, sequentially). Conclusions: A combination of oral CoQ (200 mg) plus rectal indomethacin (100 mg) could decrease the PEP rate and severity meaningfully compared to the use of indomethacin alone.
Machine Learning-Guided Anesthesiology: A Review of Recent Advances and Clinical Applications
Authors: Hashemi Sana , Yousefzadeh Zohreh , Abin Ahmad Ali , Ejmalian Azar , Nabavi Shahabedin , Dabbagh Ali
Published: March 2024

: Anesthesia is the process of inducing and experiencing various conditions, such as painlessness, immobility, and amnesia, to facilitate surgeries and other medical procedures. During the administration of anesthesia, anesthesiologists face critical decision-making moments, considering the significance of the procedure and potential complications resulting from anesthesia-related choices. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a supportive tool for anesthesia decisions, given its potential to assist with control and management tasks. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive review of articles on the intersection of AI and anesthesia. A review was conducted by searching PubMed for peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and early 2022, using keywords related to anesthesia and AI. The articles were categorized into nine distinct groups: “Depth of anesthesia", “Control of anesthesia delivery", “Control of mechanical ventilation and weaning", “Event prediction", “Ultrasound guidance", “Pain management", “Operating room logistic", “Monitoring", and “Neuro-critical care". Four reviewers meticulously examined the selected articles to extract relevant information. The studies within each category were reviewed by considering items such as the purpose and type of anesthesia, AI algorithms, dataset, data accessibility, and evaluation criteria. To enhance clarity, each category was analyzed with a higher resolution than previous review articles, providing readers with key points, limitations, and potential areas for future research to facilitate a better understanding of each concept. The advancements in AI techniques hold promise in significantly enhancing anesthesia practices and improving the overall experience for anesthesiologists.
A Twelve-Year-Old-Girl with Intra-Tracheal Mucous Gland Adenoma: A Case Report
Authors: Khanbabaee Ghamartaj , Safapour Ahmad , Taghizadeh Herat Zahra , Mohseni Mohammad Hadi
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Tracheal tumors are rare in the pediatric population. Primary tumors within the trachea often present with non-specific symptoms during the initial stages, leading to a delayed diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis of a tracheal tumor is crucial due to the risk of life-threatening airway obstruction it poses. This article discusses the case of a twelve-year-old girl who experienced 8years of breathing difficulties without an adequate response to treatment. Case Presentation: The patient was referred to Mofid Children's Hospital after experiencing 8 years of difficulty with dyspnea. Her dyspnea was classified as functional class 2 and was accompanied by dry coughs. Additionally, a biphasic stridor was observed during her auscultation. Further investigations revealed an intra-tracheal mass, identified as a mucous gland adenoma (MGA). Imaging and pathology showed no signs of malignancy. Following her surgery, she was completely free of symptoms, and her follow-up spirometry showed no abnormalities. Conclusions: In this article, we present a detailed case of MGA. Despite the low incidence of intra-tracheal tumors, conducting further studies in patients who respond poorly to treatment is crucial. The potential complications from these tumors can be catastrophic. Thus, enhancing our knowledge and expertise in this area is of great importance.
Modulating the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Wound Healing: The Potential of L-Carnosine, Zinc Sulfate, and B-Complex Vitamins Cocktail
Authors: Erfanian Nafiseh , Saffar Mahsa , Khatami Sahba , Yeganeh Khorasani Emad , Nikpour Saboura , Fereidouni Mohammad , Namaei Mohammad Hasan
Published: March 2024

Background: The process of wound healing is a dynamic event that starts with inflammation, proliferation, and migration of various types of fibroblast cells and aims to restore the integrity and functionality of damaged tissue. One crucial signaling pathway involved in wound healing is the Wnt signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a cocktail consisting of L-carnosine, zinc sulfate, and B-complex vitamins on the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway during wound healing. Methods: The optimal dosages of L-carnosine, zinc sulfate, and B-complex were used to prepare the cocktail. Then, the cocktail-mediated wound healing was measured through scratch assay on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. Finally, the effects of the cocktail on the expression of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, MMP7, and RSPO2 genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway were measured during the wound closure phenomenon by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: The scratch assay demonstrated the wound-healing effects of the prepared cocktail on HDF cells. Additionally, the RT-qPCR results showed that the cocktail can activate the Wnt signaling pathway by down-regulating the expression of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, and MMP7 and up-regulating the expression of RSPO2. Conclusions: The data suggest that the L-carnosine, zinc sulfate, and B-complex vitamin cocktail exhibits wound healing properties by increasing fibroblast proliferation via the activation of the Wnt pathway.
Antioxidative Effects of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract and Essential Oil of Quercus brantii Exerts Anti-Depressant-Like Effect and Improvement of Memory Defect in Progesterone-Induced Postpartum Depression in Rats
Authors: taghvimi Sina , kesmati mahnaz , Shahriari Ali , Fatemi Tabatabaei Seyed Reza
Published: March 2024

Background: Depression and memory disorders are known to be associated with increased oxidative stress. There is evidence suggesting that Quercus brantii (Q. brantii) possesses antioxidant properties. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the impact of Q. brantii hydro-alcoholic extract and oil on cognitive dysfunction in a postpartum depression (PPD) model and on oxidant/antioxidant activity in the hippocampus of adult female rats. Methods: Forty-two female Wistar rats (200 - 250 g) were randomly divided into six groups. PPD was induced by chronic intraperitoneal administration (5 days) of progesterone at a dose of 5 mg/kg, and three days after discontinuation, depressive behavior was assessed using a forced swimming test. Simultaneously, Quercus brantii hydro-alcoholic extract (100 mg/kg) and oil (45%) were administered. Spatial memory and locomotor activity were evaluated 24 hours after training using the Morris water maze and open field tests, respectively. The hippocampus tissue of all rats was used to evaluate oxidant-antioxidant factors, Vitamin D, and corticosterone levels. Results: Quercus brantii extract significantly reduced depression (P < 0.05). Treatment with Q. brantii extract and oil improved spatial memory and learning (P < 0.05). The Q. brantii extract increased levels of SOD, GSH, catalase, and vitamin D while decreasing MDA levels; additionally, Q. brantii oil increased SOD and vitamin D levels and decreased MDA levels in the brain (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Quercus brantii extract and oil appear to have beneficial effects on learning and memory impairment in a PPD-induced model, which may be associated with their biochemical effects on the brain.
Experimental Study on the Performance of Frictional Drag Reducer with Low Gravity Solids
Authors: Jia Yuxi , Lei Jihu
Published: March 2024

Reducing energy consumption during drilling operations is beneficial to both the environment and economy. Frictional drag reducers (FDR) are widely used to reduce the energy loss caused by turbulent flow. FDR plays an important role in flow lines as they can reduce the frictional pressure drop effectively, and benefit the selection of circulating fluid and pump. However, several factors can influence the performance of FDR, including fluid additives and incorporated solids, such as drill solids. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to study the influence of low gravity solids (LGS) on the performance of the FDR. This paper is mainly based on experimental study. The experimental work contains two parts: rheology characterization and flow loop tests. Rheology characterization tests were performed to calculate the flow consistency index (K) and flow behavior index (n). Flow loop experiments were conducted for two geometry (0.457 inch and 0.797 inch diameter). Xanthan gum was used as a fractional drag reducer. Bentonite and quartz sand were added as low gravity solids. Three designed water-based mud systems are tested for drag reduction efficiency of Xanthan gum. Flow rate of the mud varied from 3 gpm to 16 gpm. Concentration of Xanthan ranged from 0.1 lbm/bbl to 0.6 lbm/bbl. Low weight solids were added with weight percentage of 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 2.5%. The result shows that xanthan gum is an efficient drag reducer for adequate reasons. Firstly, even at al low concentration, xanthan gum shows high resistance to degradation. Secondly, the maximum drag reduction with xanthan gum is up to 70.54% with a concentration of 0.6 lbm/bbl. However, the existence of different low gravity solids influence the efficiency of xanthan gum in different styles. Experiment results indicate that the higher the weight percentage of bentonite, the lower the drag reduction effectiveness. While with the increasing concentration of quartz sand, the drag reduction does not show an intense change. This study intents to give an instructive guidance on usage of frictional drag reducers in drilling mud system design. Removal of low gravity solids from the mud is difficult, which pose a danger to the drilling fluid. By understanding the effectiveness of FDR, we can reduce energy consumption when irremovable low gravity solids exist. FDR can be used for modifying the mud contents to develop a lower pressure gradient under turbulent flow condition. In the same scenario, adding FDR can suppress turbulent at a constant pressure gradient but with a higher flow rate.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yeme Farkındalığının, Beslenme Bilgi Düzeylerinin ve Vegan-Vejetaryen Beslenme Algısının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZGÜR Mustafa , KAYAÇELİK Dilek , KAHRAMAN Ayşe Nur , TERZİ TOPAL Feyza
Published: March 2024

Amaç: Bitki ağırlıklı beslenmeye dayanan diyetler vegan/vejetaryen diyetler olarak tanımlanır. Bu araştırma Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin yeme farkındalığının vegan-vejetaryen beslenmeye bakışı ve beslenme bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Bireyler ve Yöntem: Kesitsel analitik tipte planlanan çalışmaya, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi’nde eğitim gören 144 kadın 22 erkek öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 166 öğrenci katılmıştır. Anket formunda öğrencilerin sosyo-demografik bilgileri alınmış, öğrencilerin beslenme bilgi düzeyleri ve yeme farkındalıkları ‘Yetişkinler İçin Beslenme Bilgi Düzeyi Ölçeği’ ve ‘Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği’ ile belirlenmiş ve vegan-vejetaryen beslenmeye yönelik bakış açıları sorgulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Verilerin analizi sonucunda kadınların yaş ortalaması 21,0±3,0 yıl iken erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 23,0±5,3 yıl olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Temel beslenme ve besin-sağlık bilgisi alt boyutundan kadın öğrenciler (52,1±9,0), erkek öğrencilere (45,7±7,0) kıyasla daha yüksek puan almıştır (p0,05).

Sonuç: Kadın öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere kıyasla daha yüksek beslenme bilgisine sahip ve yeme farkındalıklarının yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır, aynı zamanda vegan-vejetaryen beslenme bilgi düzeyleri kadın öğrencilerde daha yüksektir.