bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery and Analysis of Bacterial Membrane Vesicle Nanoparticles from Human Plasma Using Dielectrophoresis
Authors: Ware Jason P. , Shea Delaney K. , Nicholas Shelby L. , Stimson Ella A. , Riesterer Jessica L. , Ibsen Stuart D.
Published: September 2024

Bacterial membrane vesicle (BMV) nanoparticles are secreted naturally by bacteria throughout their lifecycle and are a rich source of biomarkers from the parent bacteria, but they are currently underutilized for clinical diagnostic applications, such as pathogen identification, due to the time-consuming and low-yield nature of traditional recovery methods required for analysis. The recovery of BMVs is particularly difficult from complex biological fluids. Here, we demonstrate a recovery method that uses dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces generated on electrokinetic microfluidic chips to isolate and analyze BMVs from human plasma. DEP takes advantage of the natural difference in dielectric properties between the BMVs and the surrounding plasma fluid to quickly and consistently collect these particles from as little as 25 µL of plasma. Using DEP and immunofluorescence staining of the LPS biomarker carried on BMVs, we have demonstrated a lower limit of detection of 4.31 × 109 BMVs/mL. The successful isolation of BMVs from human plasma using DEP, and subsequent on-chip immunostaining for biomarkers, enables the development of future assays to identify the presence of specific bacterial species by analyzing BMVs from small amounts of complex body fluid.
Correction: Hu et al. Ultrasensitive Silicon Nanowire Biosensor with Modulated Threshold Voltages and Ultra-Small Diameter for Early Kidney Failure Biomarker Cystatin C. Biosensors 2023, 13, 645
Authors: Hu Jiawei , Li Yinglu , Zhang Xufang , Wang Yanrong , Zhang Jing , Yan Jiang , Li Junjie , Zhang Zhaohao , Yin Huaxiang , Wei Qianhui , Jiang Qifeng , Wei Shuhua , Zhang Qingzhu
Published: September 2024

In the original publication [...]
Parental Educational Attainment on Adolescent Educational Development: A Multi-Group Analysis of Chinese Left-Behind and Non-Left-Behind Children
Authors: Xu Guilin , Fu Chunhua
Published: September 2024

Utilizing data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this research focuses on the differences and mechanisms of intergenerational educational transmission between left-behind and non-left-behind children using structural equation modeling and multi-group path analysis. The findings indicate that significant intergenerational educational transmission effects exist in both groups, with parental educational attainment significantly impacting children’s academic performance. Further mediation analysis demonstrates that parental educational attainment influences children’s academic performance through the chain mediation effects of parental educational expectations and self-educational expectations. Multi-group path analysis reveals distinct mechanisms affecting academic performance: among non-left-behind children, parental educational attainment exerts a stronger direct influence on academic performance, while self-educational expectations are more influential for left-behind children. Additionally, the path coefficients for the effects of parental educational expectations and self-educational expectations on academic performance are higher for left-behind children than for non-left-behind children. Consequently, educational interventions should focus on enabling parents of left-behind children to effectively convey educational expectations through indirect methods (e.g., phone or online communication) and on enhancing left-behind children’s self-educational expectations through school and community support to facilitate academic achievement in the absence of direct family support.
Research on Diagnosis and Assessment Processes and Methods for Existing Residential Buildings Based on Intelligent Assistance Models
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Qiong , Fan Yue , Lin Guanfeng , Huang Zhengyao
Published: September 2024

As renovating existing residential buildings shifts towards more detailed methodologies, conducting comprehensive diagnostic assessments before renovation is crucial for achieving successful outcomes. This research introduces an innovative large-scale diagnostic assessment method for existing residential buildings, addressing the inefficiencies, redundancies, and subjective biases present in traditional diagnostic processes through intelligent assistance modeling. The proposed method focuses on five key elements: construction year, exterior walls, windows, balconies, and shading devices, categorizing assessment levels into four grades (A, B, C, D) based on varying renovation intensities. Evaluation criteria are established for service life, thermal performance, degradation, and aesthetic quality. An intelligent assistance model, constructed using training datasets, enables rapid large-scale assessments, significantly reducing the evaluation time while maintaining an accuracy rate of over 95%. Empirical testing on residential buildings in Shenzhen confirmed the model’s effectiveness, demonstrating its superior accuracy and efficiency compared to traditional methods. A weighted analysis revealed that the impact of each factor on the building’s condition was as follows: exterior wall thickness (0.38), exterior finish deterioration (0.35), window deterioration (0.29), balcony deterioration (0.28), and construction year (0.23). Additionally, an interactive software application integrating the intelligent assessment model was developed. This study employed an interdisciplinary approach, combining machine learning and big data, offering a new perspective on building assessment and providing significant reference value for future residential renovation and urban planning.
Urban Renewal Potential of Old Urban Areas in Resource-Based Cities in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Dongsheng District, Ordos, China
Authors: Li Yifan , Chen Xushen , Wan Junzhe , Liu Huiming , Cui Wei , Wang Qianqian
Published: September 2024

Many developing countries have experienced or are experiencing periods of rapid urbanization, and the sustainable development of resource-based cities has increasingly come under the spotlight. The extensive mining of resources, which once propelled the economic growth of these cities, has enabled the continuous construction of more urban districts. However, as these new districts become favored, the old districts in these cities tend to be overlooked. This neglect becomes particularly pronounced once the resources start to dwindle, with older districts, which lack contemporary facilities, declining over time. Dongsheng District, in China’s Ordos City, is a prime example of this phenomenon. In this study, we took Dongsheng District as the research subject to explore the urban renewal potential of old urban areas in resource-based cities in developing countries. First, we constructed an assessment system for evaluating the urban renewal potential of old urban areas in resource-based cities in developing countries. Using ArcGIS, we conducted a quantitative evaluation of the spatial distribution of urban renewal potential indicators in the assessment system. Second, we conducted a comparative analysis by juxtaposing the spatial distribution of urban renewal potential derived from the assessment system with the current land use and historical development of the study area to explore potential correlations. Third, we propose the distribution of urban renewal potential in old urban areas of resource-based cities in developing countries by discussing the research results. The research found that in relation to current land use, residential and commercial service areas are more likely to form high-potential plots. Urban villages are often considered to have high potential for urban renewal, but in these urban areas, they do not always exhibit significant urban renewal potential. Regarding the relationship with historical development, urban renewal potential generally shows a negative correlation with historical development, and most other specific indicators of urban renewal also show a correlation with historical development.
Seismic Fragility Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Simply Supported Girder Bridges Resting on Double-Column Piers for High Speed Railway
Authors: Zhou Yongzheng , Gao Ce , Yang Sibo , Guo Wei , Jiang Liqiang
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the probabilistic seismic damage characteristics of a five-span RC simply supported girder bridge with double-column piers designed for a high-speed railway (HSR). The objective is to assess the bridge’s fragility by developing a refined nonlinear numerical model using the OpenSEES (Version 3.3.0) platform. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was conducted with peak ground accelerations (PGA) ranging from 0.05 g to 0.5 g, and fragility curves for pier columns, tie beams, and bearings were developed. Additionally, a series–parallel relationship and a hierarchically iterated pair copula model were established to evaluate system fragility. The results indicate that as PGA increases, the damage probability of all bridge components rises, with bearings being the most vulnerable, followed by pier columns, and tie beams exhibiting the least damage. The models accurately simulate the correlations between members and system fragility, offering valuable insights into the bridge’s performance under seismic conditions.
Enhancing Urban Safety: Optimal Patrol Route Strategies for Volunteer Security Squads Based on Integrated BIM-GIS Data
Authors: Lee Jaewook , Lee Jae Hong , Im Jaeuk , Jang Junyoung
Published: September 2024

Urban safety is becoming an increasingly crucial issue due to rising crime rates and urbanization. The concept of a “Safe City” aims to ensure citizen safety through effective crime prevention and rapid response strategies. Volunteer security teams play a vital role in supplementing police efforts to maintain community safety. However, current patrol routes are often set unsystematically, relying on experience, leading to inefficient resource use and reduced effectiveness in crime prevention. This study optimized patrol routes for volunteer security teams using advanced data analysis techniques and route optimization algorithms. By integrating various data sources and applying advanced algorithms, the study systematically improved patrol efficiency and effectiveness. By analyzing security facility locations, crime data, and weak areas in Gangseo-gu, this study identified gaps between infrastructure and vulnerable areas. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive approach to deriving a security vulnerability index and designing optimal patrol routes based on integrated BIM-GIS data. This optimized approach ensures effective coverage of critical zones, significantly enhancing the operational efficiency of volunteer security teams.
Visual versus Tabular Scheduling Programs
Authors: Tuscano Tanmay Zakaria , Astaneh Asl Bita
Published: September 2024

Effective scheduling in construction is crucial for ensuring timely project completion and maintaining budget control. Scheduling programs play an important role in this process by providing digital tools to develop, monitor, and adjust project timelines effectively. In the industry’s current method of practice, tabular scheduling programs are utilized that require users to enter task information and their relationships in a tabular format. Recently, a new scheduling program approach called visual scheduling has emerged that requires users to draw the network diagram to create the schedule. This paper presents an experimental study that evaluated the efficiency of schedule creation using a visual scheduling program compared to two tabular scheduling programs. The results show that the time spent creating a schedule using the visual scheduling program was significantly shorter than using tabular scheduling programs. Participants found visual scheduling easier to define tasks, define correlations, spot mistakes in the schedule, make changes to the schedule, and understand the overall schedule. The majority of the participants reported visual scheduling as a tool that allowed them to create schedules faster. They also found it to be a more intuitive scheduling tool and a method that can reduce the possibility of making mistakes during scheduling.
Self-Assembled Synthesis of Graphene Tubes from Melamine Catalyzed by Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Zeng Wenping , Meng Jingxiang , Zheng Xinbo , Mao Tingting , Huang Jintao , Min Yonggang
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the carbon products generated by melamine under various heat-treatment temperatures with the catalysis of calcium carbonate. We discovered that the cost-effective precursor melamine readily self-assembles and curls into graphene tubes when catalyzed by the alkaline earth salt CaCO3 at elevated temperatures. Under heat-treatment conditions of 1100 °C and 1200 °C, the growth morphology of graphene tubes with open structures and exceptionally large diameters was observed, and the diameters reached the micron level. These products exhibit a high degree of carbonization and an extremely low nitrogen content, as low as 1.7%. Further, the intensity ratio (ID/IG) of the D band and the G band is as low as 0.79 in Raman characterization. The results show that the products have a certain graphite structure, which proves the catalytic activity of CaCO3. This is attributed to the incorporation of CaCO3 into the raw material system, which impedes the complete thermal decomposition of melamine. On the other hand, the resulting CaO particles are evenly distributed along the tubular products, providing certain support for their self-assembly and growth, thereby achieving the efficient growth of graphene tubes.
Natural Autophagy Activators to Fight Age-Related Diseases
Authors: Mundo Rivera Vianey M. , Tlacuahuac Juárez José Roberto , Murillo Melo Nadia Mireya , Leyva Garcia Norberto , Magaña Jonathan J. , Cordero Martínez Joaquín , Jiménez Gutierrez Guadalupe Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

The constant increase in the elderly population presents significant challenges in addressing new social, economic, and health problems concerning this population. With respect to health, aging is a primary risk factor for age-related diseases, which are driven by interconnected molecular hallmarks that influence the development of these diseases. One of the main mechanisms that has attracted more attention to aging is autophagy, a catabolic process that removes and recycles damaged or dysfunctional cell components to preserve cell viability. The autophagy process can be induced or deregulated in response to a wide range of internal or external stimuli, such as starvation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, damaged organelles, infectious pathogens, and aging. Natural compounds that promote the stimulation of autophagy regulatory pathways, such as mTOR, FoxO1/3, AMPK, and Sirt1, lead to increased levels of essential proteins such as Beclin-1 and LC3, as well as a decrease in p62. These changes indicate the activation of autophagic flux, which is known to be decreased in cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cataracts. The regulated administration of natural compounds offers an adjuvant therapeutic alternative in age-related diseases; however, more experimental evidence is needed to support and confirm these health benefits. Hence, this review aims to highlight the potential benefits of natural compounds in regulating autophagy pathways as an alternative approach to combating age-related diseases.
Effects of High-Velocity Spinal Manipulation on Quality of Life, Pain and Spinal Curvature in Children with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Piqueras-Toharias Mario , Ibáñez-Vera Alfonso Javier , Peinado-Rubia Ana Belén , Rodríguez-Almagro Daniel , Lomas-Vega Rafael , Sedeño-Vidal Ana
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Scoliosis is a condition that involves deformation of the spine in the coronal plane and commonly appears in childhood or adolescence, significantly limiting a person’s life. The cause is multifactorial, and treatment aims to improve the spinal curvature, prevent major pathologies, and enhance aesthetics. The objective of this review was to determine whether high-velocity low-amplitude (HVLA) spinal manipulation is more effective than other treatments for children with idiopathic scoliosis (IS). Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and PEDro databases were searched for both clinical trials and cohort studies. Methodological quality was assessed via the PEDro scale (for clinical trials) and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (for observational studies). The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024532442). Results: Five studies were selected for review. The results indicated moderate improvements in pain and the Cobb angle and limited improvements in quality of life. Conclusions: HVLA spinal manipulation does not seem to have significant effects on reducing spinal deformity in IS patients, nor does it significantly impact quality of life. However, this therapy may have significant effects on reducing pain in these patients.
Early Results of an Innovative Scalable Digital Treatment for Diabetes Distress in Families of School-Age Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Patton Susana R. , Pierce Jessica S. , Kahhan Nicole , Benson Matthew , Clements Mark A. , Fox Larry A.
Published: September 2024

Objective: This paper reports on the initial outcomes of a new mHealth intervention to reduce diabetes distress (DD) in families of school-age children living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) entitled, ‘Remedy to Diabetes Distress’ (R2D2). Methods: We randomized 34 families (mean child age = 10 ± 1.4 years; 53% male, 85% White, mean HbA1c = 7.24 ± 0.71%) to one of three delivery arms differing only by number of telehealth visits over a 10-week period: zero visits = self-guided (SG), three visits = enhanced self-guided (ESG), or eight visits = video visits (VV). All families had 24 × 7 access to digital treatment materials for 10 weeks. We examined the feasibility and acceptability of R2D2. We used the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Child (PPAIDC and PAIDC, parent and child, respectively) to examine treatment effects by time and delivery arm. We performed sensitivity analyses to characterize families who responded to R2D2. Results: It was feasible for families to access R2D2 mHealth content independently, though attendance at telehealth visits was variable. Parents and children reported high satisfaction scores. There were significant pre-post reductions in PPAIDC (p = 0.026) and PAIDC (p = 0.026) scores but no differences by delivery arm. There were no differences in child age, sex, race, or pre-treatment HbA1c for responders versus non-responders, though families who responded reported higher PPAID-C scores pre-treatment (p = 0.01) and tended to report shorter diabetes duration (p = 0.08). Conclusions: Initial results support the acceptability and treatment effects of R2D2 regardless of the frequency of adjunctive virtual visits. Characterizing responders may help to identify families who could benefit from R2D2 in the future.
The Use of Waste Fillers in Asphalt Mixtures: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Jwaida Zahraa , Al Quraishy Qassim Ali , Almuhanna Raid R. A. , Dulaimi Anmar , Bernardo Luís Filipe Almeida , Andrade Jorge Miguel de Almeida
Published: September 2024

The asphalt industry has long been challenged with finding sustainable solutions to enhance the performance of asphalt mixtures while mitigating their environmental impact. One promising avenue is the incorporation of waste filler materials into asphalt mixtures. This review explores the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing waste filler in asphalt mixtures, focusing on its effects on the mechanical characteristics, durability, and sustainability of asphalt pavements. Various waste filler materials, such as rice husk ash, fly ash, and construction and demolition wastes, have been examined in terms of their potential as substitutes for traditional filler materials such as limestone and mineral powders. This review synthesizes literature to assess the impact of waste fillers on the performance of asphalt mixtures, including rutting resistance, fatigue behavior, moisture susceptibility, and aging characteristics. This work begins by examining the interaction of the asphalt fillers to provide clarification. The usage of various waste fillers is then examined. With fewer harmful environmental consequences than traditional cement manufacturing has, waste filler materials improve the strength and durability of asphalt mixtures. This research underscores the promising future of waste filler materials as environmentally friendly and innovative materials. To fully capitalize on their benefits, further research, standardization, and widespread use of waste filler-based products are necessary.
Neural Network Prediction and Enhanced Strength Properties of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Quaternary-Blended Composites
Authors: Chandramouli Pavithra , Akthar Mohamed Riyaaz Nayum , Kumar Veerappan Sathish , Jayaseelan Revathy , Pandulu Gajalakshmi
Published: September 2024

This research, with its potential to revolutionise the construction industry, aims to develop quaternary-blended composites (QBC) by replacing 80% of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with metakaolin, rice husk ash, and wood ash combined with discrete hybrid natural fibres at a volume fraction of 0.5%. This study investigates the mechanical properties, including compressive strength, split tensile strength, and impact strength of the QBC at various curing ages of 7, 28, and 56 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to assess the microstructural characteristics. This research aimed to formulate a novel quaternary binder that may minimise our reliance on cement. The experimental results indicate that the mix labelled M4L2 exhibited superior compressive and split tensile strength performance, with percentage increases of approximately 51.03% and 29.19%, respectively. Meanwhile, the M5L1 mix demonstrated enhanced impact energy, with a percentage increase of about 36.40% in 56 days. SEM observations revealed that the MC4 mix contained unhydrated portions and larger cracks. In contrast, the presence of fibres in the M4L2 mix contributed to crack resistance, resulting in a denser matrix and improved microstructural properties. This study also employed an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the compressive, tensile, and impact strength characteristics of the QBC, with the predictions aligning closely with the experimental results. An investigation was conducted to determine the ideal number of hidden layers and neurons in each layer. The model’s effectiveness was evaluated using statistical metrics such as correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MEA), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The findings suggest that the developed QBCs can effectively reduce reliance on conventional cement while offering improved mechanical properties suitable for sustainable construction practices.
Associations between Sleep Duration and Autonomic Nervous System Regulation in Patients with Probable Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Liu Chuen-Ru , Yang Chih-Yuan , Sharma Dipanshu , Chen Tun-Hao , Huang Xian-Qing , Hung Tsui-Mei , Kuo Terry B. J. , Jou Jwo-Huei
Published: September 2024

In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships between sleep duration and autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation. This cross-sectional pilot study included 27 older patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease who were hospitalized at a psychiatric center. We measured heart rate variability to assess ANS regulation at night, evaluated dementia severity via the Clinical Dementia Rating scale, and obtained sleep duration data from sleep diaries maintained by psychiatric nurses. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures generalized linear models with age, sex, dementia severity, hypertension status, and medication use (antipsychotics) as covariates. A sleep duration of 6–9 h per night compared to shorter than 6 h was associated with a greater increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity (p = 0.03), and a sleep duration longer than 9 h was associated with a decrease sympathovagal balance (p = 0.02). In addition, we observed an inverted U-shaped association between sleep duration and ANS regulation. In this pilot study, we demonstrated that a sleep duration of 6–9 h per night may be beneficial for ANS regulation; however, the present study involved only a few participants and had some limitations. Additional research with a larger cohort is needed to confirm these findings.
In Vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Applied to Acral Melanocytic Lesions: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Chello Camilla , Cappilli Simone , Pellegrino Luca , Michelini Simone , Palmisano Gerardo , Gemma Giuseppe , Salvi Marisa , Cantisani Carmen , Di Stefani Alessandro , Peris Ketty , Pellacani Giovanni
Published: September 2024

Background: Acral melanocytic lesions often pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for many clinicians. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is an imaging technique widely used for the assessment of skin cancers. The aim of this review is to explore the applicability of RCM for the diagnosis of nevi and melanoma on the acral sites. Methods: Study selection was conducted based on the application of RCM for acral melanocytic lesions. All types of articles (original articles, short reports, and single case reports) were included in the analysis following PRISMA updated guidelines. Results: The search retrieved 18 papers according to the selection criteria; after removing duplicate records and additional articles by one or more of the exclusion criteria, a total of seven studies were carefully evaluated. Conclusions: RCM seems a valuable and useful additional tool for the diagnosis of acral melanocytic lesions, and its use may decrease the need for invasive procedures to some extent. Visualization of deeper layers may be achieved through mechanical removal of the superficial stratum corneum.
Predicting Mandibular Growth Potential Based on Cervical Vertebral Bone Age Using Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs in a Sample of the Saudi Population
Authors: Madiraju Guna Shekhar , Almugla Yousef Majed
Published: September 2024

Background: This study estimated the predictive accuracy of the mandibular growth potential based on cervical vertebral bone age using digital lateral cephalograms in a sample of the Saudi population. Methods: This study included digital lateral cephalograms of eighty subjects aged 10–21 years divided into adult and young groups. Cervical vertebral age was calculated by tracing and measuring the third and fourth cervical vertebrae on lateral cephalograms, and the mandibular growth potential was estimated using the Mito et al. regression equation. The accuracy of the calculated CVB age was verified via comparison with the chronological age. The data analyses included independent sample t-tests for testing the differences in mean values and Pearson correlation coefficients to examine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Results: A significant difference was noted between the mean cervical vertebral age and chronological age in the young group for both males (p = 0.0003) and females (p = 0.033). The correlation coefficient between cervical vertebral age and chronological age in the young male group was higher (r = 0.934) than that in the young females (r = 0.254). Conclusions: The mandibular growth potential prediction based on CVB age using the regression equation of Mito et al. was applicable only to the young Saudi males. Further studies are needed to develop new multiple regression models to obtain cervical vertebral age more accurately for both genders in the Saudi population.
Ductus Venosus Agenesis in Monochorionic Twin Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction: When to Deliver?
Authors: Torcia Eleonora , Familiari Alessandra , Passananti Elvira , di Marco Giulia , Romanzi Federica , Trapani Mariarita , Visconti Daniela , Lanzone Antonio , Bevilacqua Elisa
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The prevalence of ductus venosus agenesis (ADV) in singleton pregnancies ranges from 0.04% to 0.15%, while its prevalence in twins remains largely unknown. To our knowledge, in the literature, there is only a single case report of a monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) pregnancy complicated by ADV. Fetuses with ADV are at increased risk for congenital cardiac disease, heart failure, and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Consequently, these pregnancies have a heightened risk of experiencing an adverse outcome, like stillbirth and neonatal or infant death. Closer antenatal monitoring is warranted when ADV is suspected. Currently, there are no guidelines regarding the standard of care in cases of ADV and no recommendations for the timing of delivery in either singleton or twin pregnancies. Cases: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the management of twin pregnancies complicated by ADV, featuring two cases of MC twins with concurrent sFGR and ADV in one twin. Discussion: These pregnancies experienced completely different outcomes, underscoring the necessity for personalized management tailored to the specific risk factors present in each pregnancy. Typically, in MCDA pregnancies with severe sFGR (type II and III), delivery represents the most reasonable option when venous Doppler abnormalities are identified. However, the absence of the DV complicates the management and the process of decision-making regarding the timing of delivery in cases of sFGR and ADV. We emphasize that effective decision-making should be guided by the presence of additional risk factors, including velamentous insertion, significant estimated fetal weight discordance, and progressive deterioration of the Doppler over time. Conclusions: Our experience suggests that these factors are strongly correlated with poorer outcomes. Given this context, could it be acceptable, in the case of MC pregnancy complicated by severe sFGR and ADV, with worsening findings and additional risk factors (e.g., velamentous insertion, severe birth weight discrepancy), to anticipate the time of delivery starting from 30 weeks of gestational age?
Dental Applications of Ion-Substituted Hydroxyapatite: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Imran Eisha , Mei May L. , Li Kai Chun , Ratnayake Jithendra , Ekambaram Manikandan , Cooper Paul R.
Published: September 2024

Hydroxyapatite (HA) forms an essential constituent of human teeth and bone. Its distinctive characteristic features, such as bioactivity and osteoconductivity, make it an ideal candidate to be used as an implant coating in restorative dentistry and maxillofacial surgery for bone regeneration. However, low fracture toughness and brittleness are a few of the inherent features of HA, which limit its application in load-bearing areas. The potential of HA to engage its lattice structure with either partial or complete substitution with external ions has become an increasing area of research as this phenomenon has the potential to enhance the biological and functional properties of the material. Consequently, this review aimed to highlight the role of various substituted ions in dental applications. Data indicate that the newly formed HA-substituted biomaterials demonstrate enhanced remineralization and antimicrobial activity along with improved hardness. Ion-substituted HA offers a promising strategy for future clinical research as these materials may be incorporated into various dental products for therapeutic treatments.
Potential and Challenges in Airborne Automated External Defibrillator Delivery by Drones in a Mountainous Region
Authors: Wankmüller Christian , Rohrer Ursula , Fischer Philip , Nürnberger Patrick , Kolesnik Ewald
Published: September 2024

Delivering an automated external defibrillator (AED) to a patient suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) as quickly as possible is a critical task. In this field, airborne drones may help to overcome long response times, especially in mountainous regions where topography and weather pose several challenges for rescuers. Drones are considered a fast option to shorten the time to the first AED shock. This study presents insights into the safety regulations, performance, reliability and public perception of this specific drone-based application. The findings are based on field tests that focused on the operational/logistical benefits and challenges of semi-autonomous drone-based AED delivery to simulated emergency sites in mountainous terrain. The generated results underline the operational and technical feasibility of the proposed system given successful AED delivery in all simulation scenarios. Several challenges remain, such as improvements in terms of the AED pick-up, mobile phone connectivity, tracking of GPS coordinates and weather resistance of the used drone are required. Overall, the study supports paving the way for future trials and real-world implementations of drones into existing emergency response systems.
Relationships between Big Five Personality Traits and Psychological Well-Being: A Mediation Analysis of Social Support for University Students
Authors: Yu Min-Ning , Chang Yu-Ning , Li Ren-Hau
Published: September 2024

University life is a critical period for personality development and psychological well-being. This study, which investigated the relationships between the Big Five personality traits, social support, and psychological well-being, particularly the mediation role of social support, has yielded significant findings. A total of 848 university students (570 females, 67.2%) were conveniently sampled in Taiwan. The results, which showed that female students scored significantly higher on conscientiousness, neuroticism, and social support than male students, with no gender differences for other traits and psychological well-being, provide valuable insights. The mediation analysis, when controlling for gender, demonstrated that social support only mediates the two personality traits (extraversion and agreeableness). Specifically, under the control of social support, the Big Five traits, except for agreeableness, still directly affect psychological well-being. Further, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness can directly affect students’ psychological well-being without being mediated by social support, while extraversion can affect psychological well-being in both direct and indirect pathways. Moreover, agreeableness can affect psychological well-being completely by an indirect pathway through social support. These findings not only contribute to the existing body of knowledge but also underscore the importance of personality traits and social support for higher education students’ mental health and adaptive functioning.
Specific Permselectivity and Electrochemical Properties of Homogeneous Bilayer Membranes with a Selective Layer Made of DADMAC and EMA Copolymer
Authors: Achoh Aslan , Bondarev Denis , Melnikov Stanislav , Zabolotsky Victor
Published: September 2024

New homogeneous bilayer membranes with a thin anion-exchange layer have been developed based on the copolymer of N,N-diallyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) and ethyl methacrylate (EMA) on the surface of a membrane substrate made from polyfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA). The overall and partial current–voltage characteristics, as well as external and internal diffusion-limiting currents, were theoretically and experimentally investigated. Parameters such as specific conductivity, sorption, and diffusion permeability of individual membrane layers were determined, along with effective transport numbers and specific permselectivity of the bilayer homogeneous membranes in mixed solutions of calcium chloride and sodium chloride. It was found that applying a thin anion-exchange layer of DADMAC and EMA to the homogeneous membrane allows for the creation of a charge-selective bilayer membrane with enhanced selectivity toward monovalent metal cations. The specific selectivity of the bilayer membrane for sodium cations increases more than 6-fold (from 0.8 to 4.8). Verification of the obtained experimental data was performed within a four-layer mathematical model with quasi-equilibrium boundary conditions for the diffusion layer (I)/modifying layer (II)/membrane substrate (III)/diffusion layer (IV) in ternary NaCl+CaCl2 solutions.
Active Power Dispatch of Renewable Energy Power Systems Considering Multiple Renewable Energy Station Short-Circuit Ratio Constraints
Authors: Wu Linlin , Xu Man , Lin Jiajian , Xu Haixiang , Zheng Le
Published: September 2024

Active power dispatch of new energy refers to an effective method of ensuring the stable operation and optimal economic benefits of new energy power systems through scientific and rational planning and control of active power output from new energy generation. However, as the proportion of new energy increases, the system’s voltage support capacity decreases, leading to potential voltage collapse and oscillation issues. The Multiple Renewable Energy Station Short-Circuit Ratio (MRSCR) is a critical indicator of the system’s voltage support capacity for power systems with high new energy penetration. This study aims to introduce MRSCR constraints into the active power dispatch to guarantee sufficient grid integration strength and stable operation. The MRSCR constraints are approximated using the least squares fitting method. Additionally, this study compares the economic benefits and margin of the indicators between wind and thermal power active scheduling models with and without considering MRSCR. Case studies show that the active scheduling model considering MRSCR constraints improves the MRSCR margin with minimal loss of economic benefits.
Characteristics of SO2 Removal and Heat Recovery of Flue Gas Based on a Hybrid Flue Gas Condenser
Authors: Choi Hyeonrok , Yang Won , Lee Yongwoon , Ryu Changkook
Published: September 2024

A flue gas condenser (FGC) system recovers heat from exhaust flue gases in energy production and chemical plants, reducing air pollution due to dust, SOx, and HCl. An FGC system is divided into indirect contact condenser (ICC) and direct contact condenser (DCC) types. In an ICC, the exhaust gases do not mix with the working fluid, and a water film is formed during flue gas condensation for partial SOx removal. In a DCC, direct mixing of the exhaust flue gas with the cooling fluid (mainly water) occurs, with simultaneous absorption of SOx. In this study, we investigated the SO2 removal efficiency and heat recovery of an ICC, a DCC, and a DCC–ICC hybrid system, and compared the results of the hybrid system with those obtained for a single DCC type at the same liquid-to-gas (L/G) ratio. The SO2 removal characteristics of the hybrid system were examined based on the L/G ratio and absorbent-to-SO2 molar ratio. In the reference ICC-type FGC system, the exit temperature of the mixed gas was 28 °C, with the condensed water ratio and heat recovery efficiency being 80.9% and 93.4%, respectively. At an L/G ratio of 1.5–3.5, the SO2 removal efficiency of a single DCC was 31.5–65.9%, whereas that of the hybrid FGC system (with packing material) increased from 47.1% to 72.3%, which further increased to ~90% upon the addition of NaOH at a molar ratio of 0.7 and an L/G ratio of 1.5.
A Comprehensive Review of Hybrid State Estimation in Power Systems: Challenges, Opportunities and Prospects
Authors: Kamyabi Leila , Lie Tek Tjing , Madanian Samaneh , Marshall Sarah
Published: September 2024

Due to the increasing demand for electricity, competitive electricity markets, and economic concerns, power systems are operating near their stability margins. As a result, power systems become more vulnerable following disturbances, particularly from a dynamic point of view. To maintain the stability of power systems, operators need to continuously monitor and analyze the grid’s state. Since modern power systems are large-scale, non-linear, complex, and interconnected, it is quite challenging and computationally demanding to monitor, control, and analyze them in real time. State Estimation (SE) is one of the most effective tools available to assist operators in monitoring power systems. To enhance measurement redundancy in power systems, employing multiple measurement sources is essential for optimal monitoring. In this regard, this paper, following a brief explanation of the SE concept and its different categories, highlights the significance of Hybrid State Estimation (HSE) techniques, which combine the most used data resources in power systems, traditional Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system measurements and Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) measurements. Additionally, recommendations for future research are provided.
Ejectors in Hydrogen Recirculation for PEMFC-Based Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Design, Operation, and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Arabbeiki Masoud , Mansourkiaei Mohsen , Ferrero Domenico , Santarelli Massimo
Published: September 2024

Fuel cell systems often utilize a hydrogen recirculation system to redirect and transport surplus hydrogen back to the anode, which enhances fuel consumption and boosts the efficiency of the fuel cell. Hydrogen recirculation pumps and ejectors are the most investigated systems. Ejectors are gaining recognition as an essential device in fuel cell systems. However, their application in hydrogen recirculation systems is often limited by a narrow operational range. Therefore, it is advantageous to compile the present condition of the study on various ejector shapes as well as configurations that can accommodate a broader operational range, along with the numerical simulations employed in these studies. This paper begins by examining the structure and operation of ejectors. It then compares and analyzes the latest advancements in research on ejector-based hydrogen recirculation systems with extended operating ranges and reviews the details of numerical simulations of ejectors, which are crucial for the development of innovative and efficient ejectors. This study provides key insights and recommendations for integrating hydrogen ejectors into the hydrogen cycle system of fuel cell engines.
Correction: Alhassany et al. Review of Bioenergy Potential from the Agriculture Sector in Iraq. Energies 2022, 15, 2678
Authors: Alhassany Hend Dakhel , Abbas Safaa Malik , Tostado-Véliz Marcos , Vera David , Kamel Salah , Jurado Francisco
Published: September 2024

In the original publication [...]
Does Green Finance Improve Industrial Energy Efficiency? Empirical Evidence from China
Authors: Cai Linmei , Zhang Jinsuo
Published: September 2024

Improving industrial energy efficiency (IEE) is crucial for reducing CO2 emissions. Green finance (GF) provides an essential economic instrument for investment in IEE improvement. However, previous studies have not reached a consensus on whether GF can promote energy efficiency. In addition, more research is needed in the industrial sector. Therefore, this study focused on the industrial level to investigate GF’s impact on IEE and its heterogeneity using a two-way fixed effects model. The moderating effect, threshold effect, and spatial lag models were used to test the various effects of GF on IEE. In addition, the spatial clustering characteristics of IEE were analyzed. The results indicate the following: GF can significantly promote IEE, positively improves IEE in the central and eastern areas, and has a negative impact in the western area; the marketization level (ML) is an important channel through which GF can further improve IEE; GF’s impact on IEE exhibits a single threshold effect of the level of economic development (EDL) and green credit (GCL); GF promotes local IEE improvement but prevents neighboring IEE improvement; and IEE shows four types of clusters, but only in about one-third of the provinces. Based on these results, several recommendations are provided.
Utilizing Wastewater Tunnels as Thermal Reservoirs for Heat Pumps in Smart Cities
Authors: Fadnes Fredrik Skaug , Assadi Mohsen
Published: September 2024

The performance of heat pump systems for heating and cooling heavily relies on the thermal conditions of their reservoirs. This study introduces a novel thermal reservoir, detailing a 2017 project where the Municipality of Stavanger installed a heat exchanger system on the wall of a main wastewater tunnel beneath the city center. It provides a comprehensive account of the system’s design, installation, and performance, and presents an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model that predicts heat pump capacity, electricity consumption, and outlet temperature across seasonal variations in wastewater temperatures. By integrating domain knowledge with the ANN, this study demonstrates the model’s capability to detect anomalies in heat pump operations effectively. The network also confirms the consistent performance of the heat exchangers from 2020 to 2024, indicating minimal fouling impacts. This study establishes wastewater heat exchangers as a safe, effective, and virtually maintenance-free solution for heat extraction and rejection.
Electromagnetic Energy Harvester Using Pulsating Airflows—Reeds Waving in the Wind
Authors: Ligęza Paweł
Published: September 2024

The article presents concepts and experimental studies for an energy harvester designed to convert short, pulsating, turbulent airflows into electrical energy. Such flows occur in the vicinity of roads, highways, and railway tracks, among other places, and are caused by passing vehicles. A laboratory prototype is built in the form of a pendulum deflected from an equilibrium position by the airflow. The pendulum’s oscillations are converted into electrical energy using an electrodynamic transducer. The harvester uses a magnetic system that increases the frequency of the oscillations and increases the energy efficiency of the system. The harvester can be used to power local low-power electrical devices, such as highway monitoring systems. It is possible to place a set of multiple harvesters in the vicinity of the road, creating a visual effect of reeds waving in the wind.
Wastewater-Based Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Bethlehem, PA and Lehigh University
Authors: Alqasawah Nusaibah , Ware Vassie , Jellison Kristen
Published: September 2024

Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 provides a broad assessment of community health since wastewater represents all community members, regardless of health care access and status of health (i.e., symptomatic and asymptomatic). Wastewater surveillance also provides early detection of disease transmission since the virus can be present in human waste before the presentation of clinical symptoms. We analyzed wastewater from Lehigh University (Bethlehem, PA) as well as the greater Bethlehem community for SARS-CoV-2 (N1, N2, and E genes) from August 2020 through May 2021. Total RNA was extracted and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) by RT-qPCR. Of 73 Bethlehem wastewater samples, the number of positive samples depended on which SARS-CoV-2 gene was screened: 62 (84.9%) for N1, 52 (71.2%) for E, and 28 (38.4%) for N2. Of 67 university wastewater samples, the numbers of positive samples were 59 (88.1%) for N1, 51 (76.1%) for E, and 31 (46.3%) for N2. Temporal trends of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater mirrored trends in COVID-19 positive cases in the Bethlehem community. Normalizing SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations to PMMoV (a human fecal indicator) increased the correlation between both N1 (ρ increased from 0.37 to 0.72) and E (ρ increased from 0.32 to 0.61) concentrations in wastewater with COVID-19 cases in the community.