bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Watermarking Method for 3D Printing Based on Menger Curvature and K-Mean Clustering
Authors: Pham Giao N. , Lee Suk-Hwan , Kwon Oh-Heum , Kwon Ki-Ryong
Published: April 2018

Nowadays, 3D printing is widely used in many areas of life. This leads to 3D printing models often being used illegally without any payment to the original providers. Therefore, providers need a solution to identify and protect the copyright of 3D printing. This paper presents a novel watermarking method for the copyright protection of 3D printing based on the Menger facet curvature and K-mean clustering. The facets of the 3D printing model are classified into groups based on the value of Menger curvature and the K-mean clustering, and the mean Menger curvature of each group will then be computed for embedding the watermark data. The watermark data are embedded into the groups of facets by changing the mean Menger curvature of each group according to the bit of watermark data. In each group, we select a facet that has the Menger curvature closest to the changed mean Menger curvature, and we then transform the vertices of the selected facet according to the changed Menger curvature for the watermarked 3D printing model generation. Watermark data are extracted from 3D-printed objects, which are printed from the watermarked 3D printing models by the 3D printer. Experimental results after embedding the watermark verified that the proposed method is invisible and robust to geometric attacks such as rotation, scaling and translation. In experiments with an XYZ Printing Pro 3D printer and 3D scanner, the accuracy and performance of the proposed method was higher than the two previous methods in the 3D printing watermarking domain. The proposed method provides a better solution for the copyright protection of 3D printing.
The Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on the Pig Large Intestine. A Light and Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Przybylska-Gornowicz Barbara , Lewczuk Bogdan , Prusik Magdalena , Hanuszewska Maria , Petrusewicz-Kosińska Marcela , Gajęcka Magdalena , Zielonka Łukasz , Gajęcki Maciej
Published: April 2018

The contamination of feed with mycotoxins results in reduced growth, feed refusal, immunosuppression, and health problems. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are among the most important mycotoxins. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of low doses of these mycotoxins on the histological structure and ultrastructure of the large intestine in the pig. The study was performed on 36 immature gilts of mixed breed (White Polish Big × Polish White Earhanging), which were divided into four groups administrated per os with ZEN at 40 µg/kg BW, DON at 12 µg/kg BW, a mixture of ZEN (40 µg/kg BW) and DON (12 µg/kg BW) or a placebo. The pigs were killed by intravenous overdose of pentobarbital after one, three, and six weeks of treatment. The cecum, ascending and descending colon samples were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Administration of toxins did not influence the architecture of the mucosa and submucosa in the large intestine. ZEN and ZEN + DON significantly decreased the number of goblet cells in the cecum and descending colon. The mycotoxins changed the number of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the large intestine, which usually increased in number. However, this effect differed between the intestine segments and toxins. Mycotoxins induced some changes in the ultrastructure of the mucosal epithelium. They did not affect the expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen and the intestinal barrier permeability. The obtained results indicate that mycotoxins especially ZEN may influence the defense mechanisms of the large intestine.
Analysis of Hydrochemical Characteristics and Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectra in the Semi-Arid Ebinur Lake Watershed, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Haiwei , Zhang Fei , Song Jia
Published: April 2018

Hydrochemical characteristics and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra for Lake Ebinur and its major inflow tributaries have been analyzed. The results indicate that Jing and Bortala River ions differ very little. Anions are composed of HCO3− > SO42− > Cl−, while cations have the following composition: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+. The Jing and Bortala Rivers include mainly SO42− and HCO3− anions; these cations are primarily Ca2+. Hydrochemical components of the Jing and Bortala Rivers are of the HCO3−-Ca2+ type. Ion compositions of the Jing and Bortala Rivers are derived primarily from the weathering of rocks. In addition, a parallel factor method (PARAFAC) analysis of three-dimensional fluorescence spectra (EEM) of the Jing and Bortala Rivers shows that all the sampled water bodies contain C1 (260/420 nm) humic organic matter, C2 (240, 240/490 nm), C3 (220/280, 300/450 nm) protein-like C4 (260, 270/530 nm), and humic substances. To further understand characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) components, we base our research on regional standards related to water quality and fluorescence. A fluorescence regional integration (FRI) analysis of the Jing and Bortala Rivers shows that protein organic matter levels are the highest, whereas fulvic acid levels are the lowest. Of the correlation coefficients of hydrochemical factors and fluorescence indices, the biological index (BIX), TDS, HCO3−, and K+ are stronger in major inflow tributaries of Ebinur Lake with correlation coefficients of 0.577, 0.708, and 0.764, respectively, at the p < 0.01 significance level; correlations between the humification index (HIX) and HCO3− concentrations amount to 0.568 at the p < 0.05 significance level. Hydrochemical factors and fluorescence indices show the presence of three fitting relationships. While the HIX and HCO3− fitting effect is strongest with a correlation coefficient of 0.789, the second strongest is that of BIX and K+ with a correlation coefficient of 0.814. The results of this work offer scientific support for water quality monitoring and restoration in arid regions of Central Asia.
Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects
Authors: Chung Kelvin , Leung Yu H , To Chap H , Djurišić Aleksandra B , Tomljenovic-Hanic Snjezana
Published: April 2018

Fluorescence properties of crystallographic point defects within different morphologies of titanium dioxide were investigated. For the first time, room-temperature single-photon emission in titanium dioxide optical defects was discovered in thin films and commercial nanoparticles. Three-level defects were identified because the g(2) correlation data featured prominent shoulders around the antibunching dip. Stable and blinking photodynamics were observed for the single-photon emitters. These results reveal a new room-temperature single-photon source within a wide bandgap semiconductor.
Theoretical study of strain-dependent optical absorption in a doped self-assembled InAs/InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot
Authors: Ameen Tarek A , Ilatikhameneh Hesameddin , Tankasala Archana , Hsueh Yuling , Charles James , Fonseca Jim , Povolotskyi Michael , Kim Jun Oh , Krishna Sanjay , Allen Monica S , Allen Jeffery W , Rahman Rajib , Klimeck Gerhard
Published: April 2018

A detailed theoretical study of the optical absorption in doped self-assembled quantum dots is presented. A rigorous atomistic strain model as well as a sophisticated 20-band tight-binding model are used to ensure accurate prediction of the single particle states in these devices. We also show that for doped quantum dots, many-particle configuration interaction is also critical to accurately capture the optical transitions of the system. The sophisticated models presented in this work reproduce the experimental results for both undoped and doped quantum dot systems. The effects of alloy mole fraction of the strain controlling layer and quantum dot dimensions are discussed. Increasing the mole fraction of the strain controlling layer leads to a lower energy gap and a larger absorption wavelength. Surprisingly, the absorption wavelength is highly sensitive to the changes in the diameter, but almost insensitive to the changes in dot height. This behavior is explained by a detailed sensitivity analysis of different factors affecting the optical transition energy.
Synthesis and in vitro biochemical evaluation of oxime bond-linked daunorubicin–GnRH-III conjugates developed for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Schuster Sabine , Biri-Kovács Beáta , Szeder Bálint , Farkas Viktor , Buday László , Szabó Zsuzsanna , Halmos Gábor , Mező Gábor
Published: April 2018

Gonadotropin releasing hormone-III (GnRH-III), a native isoform of the human GnRH isolated from sea lamprey, specifically binds to GnRH receptors on cancer cells enabling its application as targeting moieties for anticancer drugs. Recently, we reported on the identification of a novel daunorubicin–GnRH-III conjugate (GnRH-III–[4Lys(Bu), 8Lys(Dau=Aoa)] with efficient in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. To get a deeper insight into the mechanism of action of our lead compound, the cellular uptake was followed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Hereby, the drug daunorubicin could be visualized in different subcellular compartments by following the localization of the drug in a time-dependent manner. Colocalization studies were carried out to prove the presence of the drug in lysosomes (early stage) and on its site of action (nuclei after 10 min). Additional flow cytometry studies demonstrated that the cellular uptake of the bioconjugate was inhibited in the presence of the competitive ligand triptorelin indicating a receptor-mediated pathway. For comparative purpose, six novel daunorubicin–GnRH-III bioconjugates have been synthesized and biochemically characterized in which 6Asp was replaced by D-Asp, D-Glu and D-Trp. In addition to the analysis of the in vitro cytostatic effect and cellular uptake, receptor binding studies with 125I-triptorelin as radiotracer and degradation of the GnRH-III conjugates in the presence of rat liver lysosomal homogenate have been performed. All derivatives showed high binding affinities to GnRH receptors and displayed in vitro cytostatic effects on HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells with IC50 values in a low micromolar range. Moreover, we found that the release of the active drug metabolite and the cellular uptake of the bioconjugates were strongly affected by the amino acid exchange which in turn had an impact on the antitumor activity of the bioconjugates.
ABC MODEL FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF A FIRM
Authors: UŠPURIENĖ Ana , SAKALAUSKAS Leonidas , GIULIANI Saverio , MELONI Carlo
Published: April 2018

The activity-based costing (ABC) in service companies is considered for minimization companies expenses modeling the uncertainty of service demand in the statistical probabilistic way. The two-stage stochastic programming model is formulated and implemented obtaining the deterministic model as a particular case of the stochastic one. The model takes into account the relation among activities better as compared with other known ones, namely, coherently with the ABC system. The model involves a stochastic demand and a relative minimum level to be satisfied. A modified L-shaped algorithm is developed in order to solve this stochastic optimization model. The applications of the model developed to the hospital service and the Crown prosecution service are considered, too.
THE PORTABILITY OF ALTMAN’S Z-SCORE MODEL TO PREDICTING CORPORATE FINANCIAL DISTRESS OF SLOVAK COMPANIES
Authors: BOĎA Martin , ÚRADNÍČEK Vladimír
Published: April 2018

The paper challenges the widespread use of Altman’s bankruptcy formula known as the “Z-score model” in Slovak corporate practice and comes with the goal to verify its usability in the Slovak economic environment. To this end, a definition of financial distress is adopted that summarizes weaknesses of Slovak enterprises stemming particularly from liquidity drain and operating losses. The verification juxtaposes three variants of the Z-score model and assesses their prediction ability using a data set of Slovak enterprises for the period from 2009 until 2013. Both the original 1968 Z-score model and the revised 1983 Z-score devised for the US economic environment are compared with the Z-score model re-estimated to the Slovak data copying the methodological procedure of Altman. The results indicate that Altman’s bankruptcy formula is portable into the Slovak economic conditions and useful for predicting financial difficulties in view of the adopted definition of financial distress. Altman’s original and (especially the) revised formulation of the Z-score model are preferable if overall classification accuracy is the main interest. Finally, it is advisable to re-estimate the coefficients of the Z-score model if financially distressed enterprises are the focus and the goal is to classify distressed enterprises as best as possible.
LAMOST DR1: Stellar Parameters and Chemical Abundances with SP_Ace
Authors: Boeche C. , Smith M. C. , Grebel E. K. , Zhong J. , Hou J. L. , Chen L. , Stello D.
Published: April 2018

We present a new analysis of the LAMOST DR1 survey spectral database performed with the code SP_Ace, which provides the derived stellar parameters

,

, [Fe/H], and [α/H] for 1,097,231 stellar objects. We tested the reliability of our results by comparing them to reference results from high spectral resolution surveys. The expected errors can be summarized as ∼120 K in

, ∼0.2 in

, ∼0.15 dex in [Fe/H], and ∼0.1 dex in [α/Fe] for spectra with S/N > 40, with some differences between dwarf and giant stars. SP_Ace provides error estimations consistent with the discrepancies observed between derived and reference parameters. Some systematic errors are identified and discussed. The resulting catalog is publicly available at the LAMOST and CDS websites.
A Formation Timescale of the Galactic Halo from Mg Isotopes in Dwarf Stars*
Authors: Carlos Marília , Karakas Amanda I. , Cohen Judith G. , Kobayashi Chiaki , Meléndez Jorge
Published: April 2018

We determine magnesium isotopic abundances of metal-poor dwarf stars from the galactic halo, to shed light on the onset of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star nucleosynthesis in the galactic halo and constrain the timescale of its formation. We observed a sample of eight new halo K dwarfs in a metallicity range of −1.9 < [Fe/H] < −0.9 and 4200 < T
eff(K) < 4950, using the HIRES spectrograph at the Keck Observatory (R ≈ 105 and 200 ≤ S/N ≤ 300). We obtain magnesium isotopic abundances by spectral synthesis on three MgH features and compare our results with galactic chemical evolution models. With the current sample, we almost double the number of metal-poor stars with Mg isotopes determined from the literature. The new data allow us to determine the metallicity when the 26Mg abundances start to become important, [Fe/H] ∼ −1.4 ± 0.1. The data with [Fe/H] > −1.4 are somewhat higher (1–3σ) than previous chemical evolution model predictions, indicating perhaps higher yields of the neutron-rich isotopes. Our results using only AGB star enrichment suggest a timescale for formation for the galactic halo of about 0.3 Gyr, but considering also supernova enrichment, the upper limit for the timescale formation is about 1.5 Gyr.
Comparative Analysis and Predictors of 10-year Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors Drug Survival in Patients with Spondyloarthritis: First-year Response Predicts Longterm Drug Persistence
Authors: Flouri Irini D. , Markatseli Theodora E. , Boki Kyriaki A. , Papadopoulos Ioannis , Skopouli Fotini N. , Voulgari Paraskevi V. , Settas Loukas , Zisopoulos Dimitrios , Iliopoulos Alexios , Geborek Pierre , Drosos Alexandros A. , Boumpas Dimitrios T. , Sidiropoulos Prodromos
Published: April 2018

Objective.

To evaluate the 10-year drug survival of the first tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) administered to patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) overall and comparatively between SpA subsets, and to identify predictors of drug retention.

Methods.

Patients with SpA in the Hellenic Registry of Biologic Therapies, a prospective multicenter observational cohort, starting their first TNFi between 2004–2014 were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used.

Results.

Overall, 404 out of 1077 patients (37.5%) discontinued treatment (followup: 4288 patient-yrs). Ten-year drug survival was 49%. In the unadjusted analyses, higher TNFi survival was observed in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) compared to undifferentiated SpA and psoriatic arthritis [PsA; significant beyond the first 2.5 (p = 0.003) years and 7 years (p < 0.001), respectively], and in patients treated for isolated axial versus peripheral arthritis (p = 0.001). In all multivariable analyses, male sex was a predictor for longer TNFi survival. Use of methotrexate (MTX) was a predictor in PsA and in patients with peripheral arthritis. Absence of peripheral arthritis and use of a monoclonal antibody (as opposed to non-antibody TNFi) independently predicted longer TNFi survival in axial disease because of lower rates of inefficacy. Achievement of major responses during the first year in either axial or peripheral arthritis was the strongest predictor of longer therapy retention (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.26–0.41 for Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score inactive disease, and HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.24–0.50 for 28-joint Disease Activity Score remission).

Conclusion.

The longterm retention of the first TNFi administered to patients with SpA is high, especially for males with axial disease. The strongest predictor of longterm TNFi survival is a major response within the first year of treatment.
Rituximab in the Treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Antisynthetase Syndrome: A Multicenter Retrospective Case Review
Authors: Doyle Tracy J. , Dhillon Namrata , Madan Rachna , Cabral Fernanda , Fletcher Elaine A. , Koontz Diane C. , Aggarwal Rohit , Osorio Juan C. , Rosas Ivan O. , Oddis Chester V. , Dellaripa Paul F.
Published: April 2018

Objective.

To assess clinical outcomes including imaging findings on computed tomography (CT), pulmonary function testing (PFT), and glucocorticoid (GC) use in patients with the antisynthetase syndrome (AS) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) treated with rituximab (RTX).

Methods.

We retrospectively identified all patients at 2 institutions with AS-ILD who were treated with RTX. Baseline demographics, PFT, and chest CT were assessed before and after RTX. Two radiologists independently evaluated CT using a standardized scoring system.

Results.

Twenty-five subjects at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (n = 13) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (n = 12) were included. Antisynthetase antibodies were identified in all patients (16 Jo1, 6 PL-12, 3 PL-7). In 21 cases (84%), the principal indication for RTX use was recurrent or progressive ILD, owing to failure of other agents. Comparing pre- and post-RTX pulmonary variables at 12 months, CT score and forced vital capacity were stable or improved in 88% and 79% of subjects, respectively. Total lung capacity (%) increased from 56 ± 13 to 64 ± 13 and GC dose decreased from 18 ± 9 to 12 ± 12 mg/day. Although DLCO (%) declined slightly at 1 year, it increased from 42 ± 17 to 70 ± 20 at 3 years. The most common imaging patterns on CT were nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP; n = 13) and usual interstitial pneumonia/fibrotic NSIP (n = 5), of which 5 had concurrent elements of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia.

Conclusion.

Stability or improvement in pulmonary function or severity of ILD on CT was seen in most patients. Use of RTX was well tolerated in the majority of patients. RTX may play a therapeutic role in patients with AS-ILD, and further clinical investigation is warranted.
Flares of Disease in Children with Clinically Inactive Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Were Not Correlated with Ultrasound Findings
Authors: Zhao Yongdong , Rascoff Nanci E. , Iyer Ramesh S. , Thapa Mahesh , Reichley Lucas , Oron Assaf P. , Wallace Carol A.
Published: April 2018

Objective.

The validity of our current definitions for clinically inactive disease (CID) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) based on physical examination is challenged by the development of advanced musculoskeletal imaging tools. We aimed to prospectively determine the prevalence of abnormal ultrasound (US) findings in children with CID in JIA and their clinical significance.

Methods.

Children aged ≥ 4 years with CID and a history of arthritis from a single tertiary center were approached over 1 year. Standard US of knees, tibiotalar joints, subtalar joints, and wrists were performed at baseline and at a followup visit. US images were scored by 2 pediatric musculoskeletal radiologists.

Results.

Forty children with CID were enrolled and followed clinically. The median duration of inactive disease was 1 year. The most common International League of Associations for Rheumatology JIA categories were extended oligoarticular JIA (30%) and rheumatoid factor–negative polyarthritis (38%). At baseline, among a total of 289 joints scanned, 24 joints (8%) had at least 1 abnormal finding in 18 (45%) of 40 subjects. When evaluated at the individual joint level against flares identified during followup exams, these baseline US findings had a sensitivity of 15% and a positive predictive value of 12%. The predictive performance of the second US was even less.

Conclusion.

Our study demonstrates that nearly half of children with CID had abnormal US findings in 1 of 8 commonly affected joints. These findings did not correlate with subsequent clinical flares in up to 2 years of followup.
Simultaneous Response in Several Domains in Patients with Psoriatic Disease Treated with Etanercept as Monotherapy or in Combination with Conventional Synthetic Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Behrens Frank , Meier Lothar , Prinz Jörg C. , Jobst Jürgen , Lippe Ralph , Löschmann Peter-Andreas , Lorenz Hanns-Martin
Published: April 2018

Objective.

To evaluate patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) receiving etanercept (ETN) monotherapy or ETN plus conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARD) to determine the proportion achieving a clinically meaningful response in arthritis, psoriasis, and quality of life simultaneously.

Methods.

A prospective, multicenter, 52-week observational study in patients with active PsA evaluated treatment with ETN in clinical practice (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT00293722). This analysis assessed simultaneous achievement of 3 treatment targets: low disease activity (LDA) based on 28-joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28); body surface area (BSA) involvement ≤ 3%; and a score > 45 on the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-12 (SF-12) physical component summary.

Results.

Of 579 patients, 380 received ETN monotherapy and 199 received combination ETN plus csDMARD. At 52 weeks, data for all 3 disease domains were available for 251 patients receiving monotherapy and 151 receiving combination therapy. In the monotherapy and combination therapy groups, 61 (24.3%) and 37 (24.5%) patients, respectively, achieved all 3 treatment targets simultaneously. A significantly greater proportion of patients receiving monotherapy versus combination therapy achieved SF-12 > 45 (43.0% vs 31.8%; p < 0.05) and DAS28 LDA (72.5% vs 62.3%; p < 0.05). Conversely, BSA ≤ 3% was reached by a significantly greater proportion receiving combination therapy (75.5% vs 56.6%; p < 0.001). However, baseline BSA involvement was higher for the monotherapy group.

Conclusion.

While nearly half the patients achieved arthritis and psoriasis treatment targets simultaneously and one-fourth reached all 3 treatment targets, combining ETN and csDMARD did not substantially improve clinical response compared with ETN monotherapy in this real-world PsA patient population.
Le puzzle de la délinquance des jeunes filles : un champ de recherches ouvert
Authors: Dayan Jacques
Published: April 2018

Peu de délits sont établis chez les jeunes filles relativement à leurs homologues masculins. Délits et crimes ne sont toutefois pas les seules formes d’expression de la violence et de la transgression auxquelles sont confrontées, passivement ou activement, les jeunes filles. Ces formes diverses questionnent la spécificité féminine de certains modes transgressifs, violents et non-violents, et leur traitement socio-judiciaire. Ce puzzle sémiologique est un champ ouvert à la recherche.
L’inadvenu de l’affect et la trace du traumatisme dans les violences sexuelles
Authors: Roman Pascal
Published: April 2018

L’auteur interroge la place et la fonction de l’agir sexuel violent dans le processus adolescent. À la suite des travaux d’A. Ciavaldini où l’agir est considéré comme un « affect inachevé », il discute la contribution des violences sexuelles aux « liaisons non-symboliques » selon R. Roussillon. L’enjeu de la « figure du répondant » telle que définie par R. Kaës, émerge dans la clinique de la psychothérapie, là où vécus de violence et d’abandon dans l’enfance laissent trace de l’inadvenu de l’affect.
« Féminicide et féminin dans la clinique de la criminalité »
Authors: Ravit Magali
Published: April 2018

L’article considère les actes de violences commises envers les femmes comme des tentatives désespérées pour contenir et transformer la charge d’excitations traumatiques. Le « féminicide » correspondrait à la mise à mort envieuse de la désirabilité de l’objet en réponse au risque d’envahissement par le pulsionnel.
Un succédané de psychodrame en relation duelle
Authors: Degenne Benjamin
Published: April 2018

La découverte du psychodrame analytique individuel offre au clinicien des possibilités nouvelles dans l’accompagnement psychologique des adolescents. S’appuyant sur la vignette d’un jeune garçon en âge de démarrage pubertaire, cet article discute le lien existant entre psychodrame et jeu improvisé à deux. La réflexion porte sur la possibilité de recourir à la stratégie interprétative du psychodrame, au bénéfice d’une relation duelle entravée dans sa dynamique.
Le haïku, support privilégié de projection chez une adolescente borderline
Authors: Enshaian Camille , Corcos Maurice
Published: April 2018

L’intérêt de l’utilisation du haïku dans un atelier écriture avec des adolescents borderline hospitalisés en psychiatrie est étudié à travers les écrits d’une adolescente. Le rythme imposé par le haïku et sa brièveté amènent la jeune fille à inscrire en plein le cri du souvenir d’une absence, à écrire ce qui dans la langue parlée demeurait absent. L’omniprésence de coupures dans ce type de poème et le clivage à l’œuvre au moment de l’écriture permettent alors l’inscription de sa douleur psychique.
Aux prises avec les prises de notes sur les prises de notes sur les prises de notes. Retour à la genèse du Cours de linguistique générale de Saussure
Authors: Sofia Estanislao
Published: April 2018

Cet article se propose d’interroger le statut de cette activité – la prise de notes – et des différentes formes qu’elle adopte tout au long du parcours constitutif (de la genèse) du livre élaboré par Albert Sechehaye et Charles Bally, entre mars 1913 et décembre 1915, et publié en 1916 sous le titre Cours de linguistique générale . Il s’agira d’établir une typologie des notes existantes dans les différents manuscrits produits successivement par les éditeurs, de définir les critères les sous-tendant et d’essayer de mesurer leur importance et leur impact pour et dans la version finale du Cours de linguistique générale .
Ici en glanures
Authors: Kleiber Georges
Published: April 2018

Nous nous proposons dans cette contribution de faire ressortir les principaux éléments et facteurs mis en jeu par l’analyse des différents emplois d’ ici , les résultats que l’on peut considérer comme stables et les questions qui restent en suspens. Notre « droit de glane » s’exercera dans trois domaines : celui de l’espace et du type de lieu auquel renvoie ici , celui des modalités d’accès au référent visé et celui de l’indexicalité d’ ici . Notre première partie mettra en évidence l’indétermination « spatiale » d’ ici et la deuxième son indétermination déictique. Dans la troisième, nous montrerons en quoi consiste précisément la deixis d’ ici et illustrerons son fonctionnement à l’aide d’un type d’emploi particulier.
« Ici commence le court bonheur de ma vie » : ici temporel dans la narration
Authors: Le Draoulec Anne
Published: April 2018

L’étude porte sur les emplois temporels d’ ici dans des constructions du type < Ici débute / s’achève / se produit…  + sujet inversé>. Nous mettons en évidence la particularité de ces emplois temporels, en les distinguant des emplois dits « textuels » d’ ici , plus communs et mieux étudiés. Nous montrons que de tels emplois temporels ne relèvent pas, malgré les apparences, de l’anaphore et développons l’hypothèse selon laquelle ils peuvent s’expliquer par un processus de type métonymique.
La bureaucratie représentative : la présence de femmes aux postes d’encadrement dans la police a-t-elle une influence sur le nombre d’arrestations pour cause de violence sexiste ?
Authors: Johnston Karen , Houston John
Published: April 2018

La théorie de la bureaucratie représentative repose sur le postulat que la représentation passive conduit à une représentation active des groupes minoritaires. Dans le présent article, nous nous intéressons à la représentation passive des femmes agents de police qui occupent des postes d’encadrement et à la représentation active des femmes par rapport aux taux d’arrestation pour violence sexiste au Royaume-Uni. Une grande partie des recherches existantes sur la bureaucratie représentative portent sur les bureaucrates de proximité et indiquent que le pouvoir discrétionnaire des bureaucrates minoritaires peut conduire à une représentation active. Notre article porte sur les échelons supérieurs d’une bureaucratie publique. Les recherches empiriques menées dans ce cadre s’appuient sur un ensemble de données recueillies au moyen d’un panel de femmes policières, qui représentent la variable indépendante, et sur les taux d’arrestation pour cause de violence sexiste, la variable dépendante. L’analyse révèle qu’il ne semble guère y avoir de représentation active des femmes par les femmes cadres supérieurs dans la police. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Dans notre recherche, les praticiens dans le domaine des politiques et de la fonction publique trouveront des données empiriques qui indiquent que la représentation des minorités passe par des effets organisationnels dans les bureaucraties publiques.
Modèles théoriques d’administration et schémas de réforme de l’État en Grèce
Authors: Lampropoulou Manto , Oikonomo Giorgio
Published: April 2018

En s’éloignant du modèle bureaucratique wébérien de l’après-guerre, le système administratif grec a fait l’objet de plusieurs programmes de réforme destinés à le moderniser. Le présent article cherche à explorer les principales modifications survenues au cours du changement administratif, et à relier ce processus aux développements théoriques plus généraux dans le domaine de l’administration publique. Certains avancent que l’administration grecque a été incapable d’emboîter le pas à une constellation fortement renforcée de types idéaux et de modèles hybrides de (ré) organisation de l’État, et d’en tirer parti. Les transformations ont diachroniquement produit des résultats faibles, et ont failli à bâtir un paradigme administratif conceptuel et opérationnel cohérent. Même dans la contraction économique actuelle et sous la pression de la conditionnalité externe, il n’existe aucune preuve solide de changement de paradigme dans le schéma administratif, mais plutôt des changements fragmentés de portée limitée. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Bien que l’administration publique grecque ait subi une série de transformations, il est intéressant de noter que pratiquement aucun de ces efforts ne semble avoir incorporé un schéma administratif particulier. Le présent article résume des développements théoriques anciens et plus récents portant sur des modèles de réorganisation administrative, en vue d’élargir les choix des praticiens dans le processus de réforme de l’État.
Questioni di genere tra medicina e filosofia nel medioevo
Authors: Zuccolin Gabriella
Published: April 2018

L'analyse de quelques publications récentes sur la transgression et l'inversion des genres au Moyen Âge montre une nouvelle tendance historiographique qui interprète le concept de genre comme un spectre à gradations différentes, par opposition soit au modèle strictement binaire (masculin et féminin) soit au one-sex model, qui considère la femme comme un « homme manqué ». À l’étude de la constitution historique des genres dans la tradition physiognomique succède l’analyse des ambiguïtés sexuelles anatomiques de l'hermaphrodite et de l'eunuque : à partir de la fin de l’Antiquité, ces cas ont fait l’objet de considérations juridiques, les sortant progressivement des catégories de monstra ou de portenta. La réflexion sur le concept de masculinité au Moyen Âge (principalement par rapport au clergé) et une note sur l'homosexualité montrent l’utilité d’une analyse croisée des quaestiones universitaires des philosophes de la nature avec celles des médecins.
L'équipe d'Angleterre
Authors: Mason Tony
Published: April 2018

L'Angleterre joue au football à un niveau international depuis 1870 mais les matches n'intéressèrent pas les Anglais jusqu'aux années trente et encore pas beaucoup d'entre eux et peu. Le monde du football des Championnats d'Europe et des Coupes du Monde d'après-guerre fit changer cela, du fait que le sport en général et le football en particulier étaient à la fois perçus comme symboliques du déclin de la Grande-Bretagne et comme une opportunité facile de retrouver influence et prestige. Mais ce changement, grandement occasionné par l'organisation de la finale de la Coupe en 1966, eut autant de coûts importants que de bénéfices. Le football de ligues en Angleterre était traditionnellement une affaire paroissiale. Le club de football était plus important pour les supporters que le football international, la Coupe des finales le plus gros événement de l'année. Les clubs payaient les joueurs et n'aimaient pas qu'ils jouassent dans l'équipe nationale, surtout après 1945 quand l'expansion du football international réclama de plus en plus de temps et d'énergie de la part des joueurs de clubs. Et le nombre de clubs augmentait également. Cet article se propose d'explorer historiquement les complexités des relations entre club et équipes nationales dans le contexte anglais et d'essayer de comprendre les identités bureaucratiques, géographiques, sociales et éventuellement nationales qu'elles reflétaient et promouvaient à la fois.
Les origines de la culture du football en Allemagne
Authors: Eisenberg Christiane
Published: April 2018

Cet article tente d'expliquer la lente expansion et le relatif retard du football allemand jusqu'en 1914. Il examine, en particulier, la quasi absence de la classe laborieuse dans ce sport. Au tournant du siècle, le football ne connaissait un succès qu'auprès des classes moyennes montantes, surtout la nouvelle couche des cols blancs. Pour expliquer ce trait caractéristique, on se réfère à des causes générales telles que l'absence d'une tradition vivante et populaire du football, comme l'ont décrit nombre d'auteurs ayant travaillé sur le développement du football anglais, ou le manque de soutien de la part de l'École, de l'Église et du mouvement ouvrier. Cela concerne surtout la description d'une culture émergente du football qui, dans l'Allemagne du début du siècle, était censée élever le statut des employés jusqu'aux classes moyennes respectables ( Bürgertum ). Le penchant que montraient les footballeurs pour les médailles et les diplômes, leurs imitations des rituels académiques et leur usage de la rhétorique militaire atteignirent quelques sommets d'énormités et d'incongruités, qui firent que nombre d'« authentiques » Bürger snobèrent le jeu. Ces composants de la culture footballistique conduisirent également la classe ouvrière à s'en tenir éloignée.
Football et société en région parisienne.
Authors: Kssis Nicolas
Published: April 2018

La Coupe du Monde de football entraîne un regain d'intérêt pour l'étude de ce sport et notamment de sa place dans nos sociétés industrielles. Pourtant, la pratique à la base, qui concerne aujourd'hui plus de deux millions de licenciés, n'a suscité jusqu'à présent que peu d'études. Les clubs de quartier et de village, auxquels Aimé Jacquet ne cessa pourtant de rendre hommage, apparaissent comme les grands inconnus de l'histoire du football. De même, si ce dernier est fréquemment défini comme un sport populaire, souvent même ouvrier, la réalité et la signification de cette expression restent à déchiffrer. Cet article se penche sur la composante la plus politique du football français, le sport travailliste jusqu'à la Seconde Guerre mondiale, pour essayer de suivre par « en bas » la démocratisation de ce « royaume de la liberté au grand air » (selon l'expression de A. Gramsci), en l'inscrivant dans l'optique, pour reprendre la formulation d'Antoine Prost, d'« une histoire régionale de Paris et de sa banlieue. »
Football et communautarisme à Beyrouth
Authors: Moroy Franck
Published: April 2018

Si, après quinze années de guerre, le Liban entame une double reconstruction physique (rénovation du tissu urbain) et morale (reconstitution du lien social et réconciliation intercommunautaire), les appartenances et les allégeances communautaires structurent encore profondément la société libanaise. L'observation des principaux clubs de football de Beyrouth montre combien le confessionnalisme demeure à la fois un support de la partisanerie sportive et un élément structurant de l'identité des supporters. Mais, s'il est dominant, le référent communautaire ne saurait rendre intelligible à lui seul les dynamiques et tensions affectant le football beyrouthin : de multiple registres de l'action relevant -notamment- du champ sociopolitique y sont sous-jacents et s'y enchevêtrent.
Le football saisi par les médias
Authors: Marchetti Dominique
Published: April 2018

Cette esquisse d'un programme de recherche s'inscrit dans un travail plus large sur les transformations du champ journalistique depuis le début des années 80 et les relations qu'il entretient avec d'autres espaces sociaux. À partir de l'étude de la médiatisation de deux sports professionnels – le football et, de manière plus secondaire, le basket –, il s'agit, d'une part, de prendre la mesure des transformations qui ont affecté le sous-champ du journalisme sportif depuis les années 80, qu'il s'agisse de sa structure, du recrutement des journalistes, des contraintes (notamment économiques) de production et des modes de traitement de l'information sportive (montée de l'expertise et développement d'une conception plus « critique »). D'autre part, il convient d'analyser comment les médias, et surtout les chaînes de télévision, sont devenus un espace stratégique dans la production des « événements sportifs », qui a des effets sur le fonctionnement même des espaces nationaux et internationaux des sports professionnels. Par exemple, ils contribuent de plus en plus aux représentations publiques du sport spectacle et favorisent au sein du sport professionnel des logiques économiques parfois concurrentes des logiques sportives.
L'argent du foot
Authors: Loirand Gildas
Published: April 2018

Le football français se trouve fortement marqué par le refus de la plupart des dirigeants de voir dans ce sport une activité économique ordinaire. Quels sont les fondements sociaux, historiques et institutionnels des attitudes face à la transformation des relations entre le milieu économique et footballistique ? Qu'en est-il plus particulièrement en France, notamment chez nombre de dirigeants bénévoles par lesquels la pratique de la compétition ne saurait être envisagée comme un métier ordinaire et en cela soumise aux règles communes du droit du travail ?
Du monopole fédéral au partage du pouvoir sportif : l'exemple du tennis
Authors: Waser Anne-Marie
Published: April 2018

Lorsque le tennis était pratiqué, regardé et financé presque exclusivement par l'aristocratie et la bourgeoisie, les dirigeants n'ont pas eu de difficultés à maintenir le principe de l'amateurisme et à exercer un pouvoir monopolistique. L'ouverture du tennis à d'autres catégories sociales et l'internationalisation de ce sport amènent les dirigeants des pays européens à accepter des compromis avec des bailleurs de fonds qui font du tennis un spectacle grand public. Après une période durant laquelle fédérations et entrepreneurs de spectacle se sont lancés des procès au nom de la loi de la libre concurrence, les ennemis d'hier ont accepté de partager le pouvoir avec l'association des joueurs professionnels (l'ATP). Les dirigeants fédéraux ont besoin des capitaux financiers qu'apportent les entrepreneurs de spectacles et ces derniers ne pourraient commercialiser le spectacle s'il n'y avait pas de publics suffisamment sensibilisés pour apprécier ce jeu, d'éducateurs et de dirigeants bénévoles pour former des joueurs et d'autorités qui puissent accréditer au tennis, par la production de titres sportifs, une valeur symbolique forte.
An Introduction to Media Literacy
Authors: Arslan-Cansever Belgin
Published: April 2018

In today's information society, the media have important functions in the formation of certain perceptions by regulating the social lives of individuals. This occurs through messages that come in different formats (verbally, audibly, visually etc.) from the media. It is through the media literacy that enables reading messages from the media and interpreting them critically. The aim of this chapter is to provide some theoretical perspectives on media literacy. In this context, media literacy has been explained in detail. For this, primarily the differences between reading-writing and literacy are revealed. Besides conceptual media literacy, its necessity and some examples of practices in the world related to its education are mentioned. The chapter also addresses the basic paradigms in media literacy.
Media Literacy and Fake News
Authors: Simmons Tracy
Published: April 2018

“Fake news” isn't a new phenomenon, but it began trending in 2016 during a contentious presidential election. Particularly with the rise of social media, people saw the dangerous impact this movement had, and continues to have on society. People easily bought into false stories, shared them online and even acted on them. Because of this, the importance of fact checking and analysis has surged, and the responsibility falls on both news consumers and practitioners. Additionally, the term fake news has been used repeatedly to inaccurately label news that people do not agree with or do not like. By learning to identify the differences between truth, satire, falsity, dislike, error, and learning why fake news has gone viral, individuals can enhance their media literacy skills. This will in turn improve the media landscape because news consumers will be required to become proficient in knowing how to produce, interpret, and share news in an ethical and honest way.
Disrupting the Media Literacy Learning Process
Authors: Byrd L. Simone
Published: April 2018

Community media labs (CMLs) are becoming significant catalysts in driving knowledge, innovation, cultural awareness and talent development. Structurally, these are cooperative efforts engaging academic institutions, media and tech companies and venture capitalists for the purpose of collaboration, innovation, education and monetization. Increasingly, higher education institutions are participating in and designing curricula around these enterprises to offer students more cutting-edge information and media literacy training. Thus, this chapter recommends a preliminary framework for establishing a CML partnership between Historically Black Colleges/Universities (HBCUs) and a local media outlet. HBCUs have a long-standing record of activism, as well as civic and community engagement and, although CMLs are culturally enlightening and worthwhile activities for any institution of higher education to create a footprint beyond campus, there is significant opportunity for further development and innovative creation from within to aid in the future generational sustainability of HBCUs.
Media Literacy for Political Cognition in Higher Education
Authors: Woolard Chad
Published: April 2018

Civic education has long been a goal of liberal education, and many institutions are renewing their commitment to meaningful civic engagement as both a philosophical and educational goal of higher education. Civic engagement and media literacy are essential to fostering democracy. This chapter outlines the shared ideological and pedagogical approaches to civic and political engagement and its connection to media literacy education. The 2016 election cycle has presented a number of challenges for civic engagement and media literacy educators. Many of the core values and beliefs related to critical thinking and information literacy have been challenged.
Stochastic Methods for Estimation and Problem Solving in Engineering
Authors: Shmelova Tetiana
Published: April 2018

In this chapter, the author presents stochastic methods in aviation. The stochastic methods are presented as methods of decision making (DM) of operators of air navigation systems (ANS) in risk and uncertainly. The ANS is presented as a socio-technical system (STS). Analysis influences the factors of professional and non-professional activities on DM of STS's operators. The author made an analysis of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documents on risk assessment. To determine the quantitative characteristics of risk levels, models for DM by the operator of the aviation system under risk and uncertainty have been developed. The author demonstrates some interesting advantages offered by the new methodology of DM in STS and forecasting the behavior of the operator in an emergency situation (ES) for using models of DM in risk and uncertainty.
Preparing for Change
Authors: Johnson Carol
Published: April 2018

Transforming music education for twenty-first century learning involves more than offering online courses within School of Music programs. Teaching and learning music online requires strategic support from both institutions and faculty members. As such, this chapter identifies ways post-secondary music education administrators can address strategic elements of sustainability (i.e., longevity) and innovation. Central aspects of collaboration through network theory, the Community of Inquiry framework, and systems thinking can better position higher education music programs to embrace the complexities of innovative technologies for sustainability. By incorporating strategic determination and the strengths of its past, music education can welcome its innovative compliments such as new pedagogical frameworks and online learning technologies to effectively prepare our students for their futures.
Colonic Bacterial Enzymes
Authors: Tambe Srushti M. , Desai Namita D.
Published: April 2018

This chapter reviews various enzymes produced by the colonic microflora and their utilization in the development of pharmaceutical dosage forms to achieve colon-specific drug delivery. This chapter discusses the applications of colonic bacterial enzymes in order to surrogate colonic conditions in vivo so as to evaluate in vitro drug release from microbially triggered/enzymatically triggered colon-specific drug delivery systems. This chapter also discusses different methods to produce colonic bacterial enzymes as well as use of probiotics as a source to produce colonic bacterial enzymes.