bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small Area Estimation of Age-Specific and Total Fertility Rates in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Unnati Rani , Das SumonKanti , Baffour Bernard , Chandra Hukum
Published: January 2023

Bangladesh has experienced a rapid national decline in fertility in recent decades, however, fertility rates vary considerably at the sub-national level (i.e., division). These variations are expected to be more pronounced at lower levels of geography (e.g., district level). However, routinely conducted demographic health surveys are designed for national estimates and do not have adequate samples to produce reliable estimate of fertility rates at lower levels of administrative units, particular when considering district level age-specific fertility rates. Data extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2014 are used to derive direct estimates of age-specific fertility rates and associated smoothed standard errors. These are used as inputs for developing a small area model, which is expressed in a hierarchical Bayesian framework and fitted by Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. The model accounts for variation at different levels—women age-group, division, and district. The modeling results show large reductions in the estimated standards errors and provide consistent estimates of fertility at the detailed district age-specific level. There are significant differences in the fertility levels within and between districts and at the division level. Fertility rates are observed to be higher for Sylhet division and for women aged 20–24 years. We use geo-spatial maps of the fertility rates to visualize the variations over districts, and identify hot and cold-spots to have better targeted local level planning and policy decision making for further reductions in fertility rates in Bangladesh.
A big data smart agricultural system: recommending optimum fertilisers for crops
Authors: Ngo Vuong M. , Duong Thuy-Van T. , Nguyen Tat-Bao-Thien , Dang Cach N. , Conlan Owen
Published: January 2023

Nutrients are important to promote plant growth and nutrient deficiency is the primary factor limiting crop production. However, excess fertilisers can also have a negative impact on crop quality and yield, cause an increase in pollution and decrease producer profit. Hence, determining the suitable quantities of fertiliser for every crop is very useful. Currently, the agricultural systems with internet of things make very large data volumes. Exploiting agricultural Big Data will help to extract valuable information. However, designing and implementing a large scale agricultural data warehouse are very challenging. The data warehouse is a key module to build a smart crop system to make proficient agronomy recommendations. In our paper, an electronic agricultural record (EAR) is proposed to integrate many separate datasets into a unified dataset. Then, to store and manage the agricultural Big Data, we built an agricultural data warehouse based on Hive and Elasticsearch. Finally, we applied some statistical methods based on our data warehouse to extract fertiliser information such as a case study. These statistical methods propose the recommended quantities of fertiliser components across a wide range of environmental and crop management conditions, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for the top ten most popular crops in EU.
Thoughts and exploration of spatial planning system in the new era
Authors: Wang Kai , Hu Jingjing
Published: January 2023

Spatial planning is a core requirement and a major initiative in the construction of ecological civilization in China, and the related work is in a process of gradual improvement and perfection. Based on the need of natural environment, urbanization and human well-being, this paper discusses the contents and technical directions of the current spatial planning in China from the national, regional and habitat levels, in the hope that it will be benefit current planning practice and provide references for further refinement of spatial planning system and technical routes in China.
Anti-Terrorism Criminal Law: Where Emergency Regime Meets the Investigative Agenda
Authors: Shahav Sigal
Published: January 2023

This article aims to show how reform of the law on terrorism not only has the power to create new criminal procedures, it can also create a distinct, parallel field operating alongside general criminal law. This parallel configuration presents certain unique features and processes which merit their own typology – namely, anti-terrorism criminal law (ATCL). First, the article discusses how states have responded to terrorism through reform of four key arenas: military law, immigration law, administrative law and criminal law. Comparison is then drawn between the United States and Israel in their respective approaches, showing that Israel has executed far more sweeping and significant reforms over the last four decades, mainly in criminal procedure. Examples are given to illustrate how Israel's evolving anti-terrorism legislation – and specifically, the new Counter-Terrorism Law of 2016 – changed the criminal procedural landscape to such a degree that it constituted the new field of ATCL. I contend that this move was anti-liberal in its definition and targeting of terror suspects, and in its pursuit of emergency aims and intelligence gathering rather than liberal criminal law objectives. Further, I show that liberal theory struggles to explain the integrated change model that Israel has implemented in its counter-terrorism reforms, and that the theoretical framings of Carl Schmitt and Michel Foucault may explain it more effectively.
Does Barth's understanding of sexual difference conflict with his theological anthropology?
Authors: Wyatt Jess
Published: January 2023

Faye Bodley-Dangelo argues that in his passive depiction of Eve in the Church Dogmatics Karl Barth truncates the agency of all women, thereby creating conflict between his theology of sexual difference and his theological anthropology, and denying women image-bearing humanity. This article challenges Bodley-Dangelo's characterisation of ideal agency as active self-assertion and self-determination, arguing that for Barth the ideal agent – for which the paradigm is Christ – is one who self-dispossesses in response to the determining claim of the peculiar other.
A survey of current practices in sedation, analgesia, withdrawal, and delirium management in paediatric cardiac ICUs
Authors: Valentine Kevin , Cisco Michael J. , Lasa Javier J. , Achuff Barbara-Jo , Kudchadkar Sapna R. , Staveski Sandra L.
Published: January 2023

Objective:

To characterise the current approach to sedation, analgesia, iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome and delirium in paediatric cardiac ICUs.

Design:

A convenience sample survey of practitioners at institutions participating in the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium conducted from September to December 2020.

Setting:

Paediatric cardiac ICUs.

Measurements and main results:

Survey responses were received from 33 of 42 institutions contacted. Screening for pain and agitation occurs commonly and frequently. A minority of responding centres (39%) have a written analgesia management protocol/guideline. A minority (42%) of centres have a written protocol for sedation. Screening for withdrawal occurs commonly, although triggers for withdrawal screening vary. Only 42% of respondents have written protocols for withdrawal management. Screening for delirium occurs “always” in 46% of responding centres, “sometimes” in 36% of centres and “never” 18%. Nine participating centres (27%) have written protocols for delirium management.

Conclusions:

Our survey identified that most responding paediatric cardiac ICUs lack a standardised approach to the management of analgesia, sedation, iatrogenic withdrawal, and delirium. Screening for pain and agitation occurs regularly, while screening for withdrawal occurs fairly frequently, and screening for delirium is notably less consistent. Only a minority of centres use written protocols or guidelines for the management of these problems. We believe that this represents an opportunity to significantly improve patient care within the paediatric cardiac ICU.
Leakage Management Influence on Water Age of Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Giustolisi Orazio , Ciliberti Francesco G. , Berardi Luigi , Laucelli Daniele Biagio
Published: January 2023

Leakage management of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is a relevant technical task worldwide. Background leakages along mains and connections to properties in aged infrastructures represent a significant portion of the WDN water outflow, sometimes exceeding customer demands. Pressure control and District Metering Areas (DMAs) design are two classic activities aimed at leakage management. The former reduces the background leakages, and thus the velocities in pipes, especially those along main paths for water transport across the WDN. The latter involves closed valves confining each DMA, which change network connectivity reducing redundancy and eventually pressure, that is, background leakages. Hence, both activities reduce water velocity in pipes because of leakage reduction (i.e., the overall WDN inflow), while DMAs could increase it in some pipes. Therefore, leakage management activities might affect the water age in WDNs, as a general water quality indicator, depending on the initial level of leakages, the WDN connectivity and topology, and the attained reduction. This work studies the effect of leakage management on water age for two real WDNs, which are characterized by different initial levels of leakages and expected reduction, after planning pressure control and DMAs. The advanced hydraulic modeling, employing pressure‐driven leakage modeling at pipe level, is integrated with water age analysis, allowing unlimited number of parcels. The sensitivity of water age to the maximum number of parcels in the model is studied to identify the trade‐off between accuracy and computational runtime. The variation of mean daily water age due to change of demand pattern is analyzed considering a 4‐week operative cycle.
Dynamics of Magma Chamber Replenishment Under Buoyancy and Pressure Forces
Authors: Longo A. , Garg D. , Papale P. , Montagna C. P.
Published: January 2023

Active magma chambers are periodically replenished upon a combination of buoyancy and pressure forces driving upward motion of initially deep magma. Such periodic replenishments concur to determine the chemical evolution of shallow magmas, they are often associated to volcanic unrests, and they are nearly ubiquitously found to shortly precede a volcanic eruption. Here, we numerically simulate the dynamics of shallow magma chamber replenishment by systematically investigating the roles of buoyancy and pressure forces, from pure buoyancy to pure pressure conditions and across combinations of them. Our numerical results refer to volcanic systems that are not frequently erupting, for which magma at shallow level is isolated from the surface (“closed conduit” volcanoes). The results depict a variety of dynamic evolutions, with the pure buoyant end‐member associated with effective convection and mixing and generation of no or negative overpressure in the shallow chamber, and the pure pressure end‐member translating into effective shallow pressure increase without any dynamics of magma convection associated. Mixed conditions with variable extents of buoyancy and pressure forces illustrate dynamics initially dominated by overpressure, then, over the longer term, by buoyancy forces. Results globally suggest that many shallow magmatic systems may evolve during their lifetime under the control of buoyancy forces, likely triggered by shallow magma degassing. That naturally leads to long‐term stable dynamic conditions characterized by periodic replenishments of shallow partially degassed, heavier magma by volatile‐rich fresh deep magma, similar to those reconstructed from petrology of many shallow‐emplaced magmatic bodies.
Widespread Intensified Pycnocline Turbulence in the Summer Stratified Yellow Sea
Authors: Yang Wei , Wei Hao , Liu Zhiyu , Zhao Liang
Published: January 2023

Pycnocline mixing lies at the heart of seasonally stratified shelf sea systems, regulating vertical exchange of momentum, mass, heat, and biogeochemical constituents. Based on microstructure measurements in the summer of 2013 and 2017, here we report on the widespread occurrence of intensified pycnocline turbulence in the summer stratified Yellow Sea (YS). Large turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates  ∼  (10−7 W kg−1) and microscale thermal dissipation rates  ∼  (10−6 K2 s−1) are found in the pycnocline below the depth of the strongest stratification at many sampling stations. Shipboard velocity measurements suggest that wind‐induced near‐inertial internal waves induced strong velocity shear; however, the calculated velocity shear peaked exactly at (instead of below) the strongest stratification layer and is generally not strong enough to trigger shear instabilities according to the Richardson number criterion. Example results at two repeated sampling stations clearly showed the presence of a low‐salinity water layer (with a thickness of 5–15 m), at the upper boundary of which salt fingering is expected to occur according to the Turner angle. The observed elevated and tended to occur in the salt‐finger‐favorable layers. Although the distribution of and reveals the relation with Turner angle, we further note the possible complexity in the driving mechanisms with the thermohaline‐shear instability potentially playing a role. Given the widespread nature of the intensified pycnocline turbulence, it is expected that this turbulence has important implications for nutrients cycling and thus the maintenance of primary productivity in the summer stratified YS.
Not All Clear Air Turbulence Is Kolmogorov—The Fine‐Scale Nature of Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Rodriguez Imazio Paola , Mininni Pablo D. , Godoy Alejandro , Rivaben Nicolás , Dörnbrack Andreas
Published: January 2023

We study a strong clear air turbulence (CAT) event experienced by the German High‐Altitude Long‐Range research aircraft (HALO) during the Southern Hemisphere Transport, Dynamics, and Chemistry campaign. HALO encountered CAT leeward of the southern Andes Mountains, where tropospheric airflow favored vertically propagating mountain waves that were refracted southeastward into the core of tropopause jet. Turbulence is quantified using spectral quantities and structure functions computed from in situ 100 Hz flight level data. The detected CAT region exhibits strong patchiness, characterized by separated bursts in turbulent kinetic energy and energy dissipation rate. The high resolution in situ observations reveal different turbulent scaling within each patch, in both spectra and structure functions, and following Monin and Yaglom's conversion law. One patch follows power laws with exponents −1.71 ± 0.06, −1.771 ± 0.006, and −1.56 ± 0.05 for the velocity components w, v, and u, respectively, while another patch has exponents −2.17 ± 0.12, −2.50 ± 0.08, and −1.92 ± 0.09. These patches are mediated by a third patch with less clear scaling. While the patches can deviate from Kolmogorov scaling due to the anisotropy of the airflow, they still display evidence of CAT with enhanced energy dissipation rates.
Machine learning models to accelerate the design of polymeric long-acting injectables
Authors: Bannigan Pauric , Bao Zeqing , Hickman Riley J. , Aldeghi Matteo , Häse Florian , Aspuru-Guzik Alán , Allen Christine
Published: January 2023

Long-acting injectables are considered one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic diseases as they can afford improved therapeutic efficacy, safety, and patient compliance. The use of polymer materials in such a drug formulation strategy can offer unparalleled diversity owing to the ability to synthesize materials with a wide range of properties. However, the interplay between multiple parameters, including the physicochemical properties of the drug and polymer, make it very difficult to intuitively predict the performance of these systems. This necessitates the development and characterization of a wide array of formulation candidates through extensive and time-consuming in vitro experimentation. Machine learning is enabling leap-step advances in a number of fields including drug discovery and materials science. The current study takes a critical step towards data-driven drug formulation development with an emphasis on long-acting injectables. Here we show that machine learning algorithms can be used to predict experimental drug release from these advanced drug delivery systems. We also demonstrate that these trained models can be used to guide the design of new long acting injectables. The implementation of the described data-driven approach has the potential to reduce the time and cost associated with drug formulation development.
Global droughts connected by linkages between drought hubs
Authors: Mondal Somnath , K. Mishra Ashok , Leung Ruby , Cook Benjamin
Published: January 2023

Quantifying the spatial and interconnected structure of regional to continental scale droughts is one of the unsolved global hydrology problems, which is important for understanding the looming risk of mega-scale droughts and the resulting water and food scarcity and their cascading impact on the worldwide economy. Using a Complex Network analysis, this study explores the topological characteristics of global drought events based on the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index. Event Synchronization is used to measure the strength of association between the onset of droughts at different spatial locations within the time lag of 1-3 months. The network coefficients derived from the synchronization network indicate a highly heterogeneous connectivity structure underlying global drought events. Drought hotspot regions such as Southern Europe, Northeast Brazil, Australia, and Northwest USA behave as drought hubs that synchronize regionally and with other hubs at inter-continental or even inter-hemispheric scale. This observed affinity among drought hubs is equivalent to the ‘rich-club phenomenon’ in Network Theory, where ‘rich’ nodes (here, drought hubs) are tightly interconnected to form a club, implicating the possibility of simultaneous large-scale droughts over multiple continents.
Supercooling of the A phase of 3He
Authors: Tian Y. , Lotnyk D. , Eyal A. , Zhang K. , Zhelev N. , Abhilash T. S. , Chavez A. , Smith E. N. , Hindmarsh M. , Saunders J. , Mueller E. , Parpia J. M.
Published: January 2023

Because of the extreme purity, lack of disorder, and complex order parameter, the first-order superfluid 3He A–B transition is the leading model system for first order transitions in the early universe. Here we report on the path dependence of the supercooling of the A phase over a wide range of pressures below 29.3 bar at nearly zero magnetic field. The A phase can be cooled significantly below the thermodynamic A–B transition temperature. While the extent of supercooling is highly reproducible, it depends strongly upon the cooling trajectory: The metastability of the A phase is enhanced by transiting through regions where the A phase is more stable. We provide evidence that some of the additional supercooling is due to the elimination of B phase nucleation precursors formed upon passage through the superfluid transition. A greater understanding of the physics is essential before 3He can be exploited to model transitions in the early universe.
TREM2 has a significant, gender-specific, effect on human obesity
Authors: Reich Tzila , Adato Orit , Kofman Naomi Schneid , Feiglin Ariel , Unger Ron
Published: January 2023

Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) is a membrane protein expressed on immune cells, involved in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Recently, it was shown that TREM2 is expressed on lipid associated macrophages in adipose tissue, and that TREM2 knockout mice suffer from metabolic symptoms. Here, a computational study using public databases, brings direct evidence for the involvement of TREM2 in human obesity. First, we show a significant correlation between TREM2 expression levels and BMI in adipose tissues in samples from the GTEx database. This association was evident for males but not for females. Second, we identified in the UK Biobank cohort a coding SNP in TREM2 with a significant effect on BMI. Compared to previously identified SNPs associated with BMI, this SNP (rs2234256 SNP, L211P) has the strongest association, reflected in significantly higher BMI values of people carrying the SNP as heterozygous and even more for homozygous. Strikingly, this association was evident only for females. These observations suggest a novel gender-specific role of TREM2 in human obesity, and call for further studies to elucidate the mechanism by which this gene correlates with an obese phenotype.
Suppression of seizure in childhood absence epilepsy using robust control of deep brain stimulation: a simulation study
Authors: Rouhani Ehsan , Jafari Ehsan , Akhavan Amir
Published: January 2023

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising technique to relieve the symptoms in patients with intractable seizures. Although the DBS therapy for seizure suppression dates back more than 40 years, determining stimulation parameters is a significant challenge to the success of this technique. One solution to this challenge with application in a real DBS system is to design a closed-loop control system to regulate the stimulation intensity using computational models of epilepsy automatically. The main goal of the current study is to develop a robust control technique based on adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control (AFTSMC) for eliminating the oscillatory spiking behavior in childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) dynamical model consisting of cortical, thalamic relay, and reticular nuclei neurons. To this end, the membrane voltage dynamics of the three coupled neurons are considered as a three-input three-output nonlinear state delay system. A fuzzy logic system is developed to estimate the unknown nonlinear dynamics of the current and delayed states of the model embedded in the control input. Chattering-free control input (continuous DBS pulses) without any singularity problem is the superiority of the proposed control method. To guarantee the bounded stability of the closed-loop system in a finite time, the upper bounds of the external disturbance and minimum estimation errors are updated online with adaptive laws without any offline tuning phase. Simulation results are provided to show the robustness of AFTSMC in the presence of uncertainty and external disturbances.
Capturing charge and size effects of ions at the graphene–electrolyte interface using polarizable force field simulations
Authors: H. Hemanth , Mewada Rohan , Mallajosyula Sairam S.
Published: January 2023

Different modes of interactions for K+ions observed from additive and Drude polarizable force field simulations.
A hierarchical integrated 3D carbon electrode derived from gingko leaves via hydrothermal carbonization of H3PO4 for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Han , Zhang Fumin , Lin Xinyu , Wu Jinggao , Huang Jing
Published: January 2023

Electrochemical ultracapacitors derived from green and sustainable materials could demonstrate superior energy output and an ultra-long cycle life owing to large accessible surface area and obviously shortened ion diffusion pathways.
Synthesis of α-pyrones via gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization/[2 + 1] cycloaddition/rearrangement of enyne-amides and sulfur ylides
Authors: Yu Jinhang , Wang Xinyuan , Xu Mengjiao , Zhang Bei , Xiong Zuping , Mao Hui , Lv Xin , Zhou Liejin
Published: January 2023

A novel gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization/[2 + 1]cycloaddition/rearrangement of enyne-amides and sulfur ylides is reported. This strategy enables rapid and efficient construction of a series of α-pyrone derivatives.
Cooperative photoactivation/Lewis base catalyzed [4 + 2] annulations of α-diazoketones andortho-amino MBH carbonates to access dihydroquinolinone frameworks
Authors: Zhou Jin , Chen Chen , Pang Qiwen , Zuo Wei-Fang , Li Xiang , Zhan Gu , Yang Qian-Qian , Han Bo
Published: January 2023

A series of dihydroquinolinones have been synthesizedviasynergistic catalysis combining photolysis and Lewis base catalysis utilizingin situgenerated ketenes andortho-amino MBH carbonates.
Fluorometric detection of volatile amines using an indanonalkene platform
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wu Tianhong , Cao Hui , Zhang Jie , James Tony D. , Sun Xiaolong
Published: January 2023

An “indanonalkene” fluorescent chemosensor captured volatile amines via an amine–thiol scrambling reaction, and was applied to prepare portable paper-based sensors and polymeric film sensors for point-of-care detection of amines.
Exploring the chemical space of phenyl sulfide oxidation by automated optimization
Authors: Mueller Pia , Vriza Aikaterini , Clayton Adam D. , May Oliver S. , Govan Norman , Notman Stuart , Ley Steven V. , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Bourne Richard A.
Published: January 2023

Automated platforms allow for rapid, detailed screening of chemical systems.
Intersectionality of Race and Question-Asking in Women After Right Hemisphere Brain Damage
Authors: Fannin Danai Kasambira , Elleby Jada , Tackett Maria , Minga Jamila
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Atypical pragmatic language can impede quality health care access. Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) results in changes in pragmatic language use; however, little is known about whether there are racial/ethnic influences. Recent research indicated differences in question-asking when RHD survivors were compared with healthy controls, prompting the current examination of question production in women by race/ethnicity and the presence of RHD.

Method:

Participants were eight Black and eight White women who sustained a single right hemisphere stroke at least 6 months prior to data collection (2016–2020), and eight Black and eight White control participants from the Right Hemisphere Damage Bank (https://rhd.talkbank.org). Videos of informal, first-encounter conversational discourse tasks were transcribed and coded. Analyses were conducted for frequency of questions and question type.

Results:

Race/ethnicity had a statistically significant effect on the total number of questions and number of content and polar questions. The mean total of questions, number of content questions, and mean number of polar questions for Black participants was significantly less than White participants. There was less variability in question type for Black participants than White participants, and a tendency for Black participants to ask fewer questions regardless of RHD or control status.

Conclusions:

Acquisition of health information and ensuing health care might be less fruitful for Black women communicating with someone who may not know to conduct comprehension checks and be proactive in provision of information. To be culturally responsive to Black patients with communication disorders, providers might apply this awareness of reduced question-asking to their strategies to improve patient–provider communication.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21809475
Mobike: to what extent dockless design and digital technology impact mobike
Authors: Yang Zicheng
Published: January 2023

Now the sharing economy has impacted the entire Chinese market, including car sharing, bicycle sharing, umbrella sharing, and so on. The advent of the Internet era has brought hope to many of these emerging industries, and various digital technologies have provided many companies with the premise of free development. But as far as Mobike shared bikes are concerned, when they are more freely and easy to park, the impact of the dockless design combined with digital technology will be worth pondering. This paper analyzes the dockless design of Mobike, at the same time, it also focuses on the impact of Mobike digital technology (online payment, GPS system, app data). Finally, it proposes a solution for the Chinese-style sharing economy that evolved from dockless and digital. Overall, the dockless design and the Digital technology have a huge impact on Mobike, both positive and negative. Now Mobike has been acquired by Meituan, but I still discuss this article under the original name of Mobike, thinking that it is the first sharing-bicycle brand in the Chinese market, and although it has been acquired, it is still a successful brand.
Research on health care integration policy evaluation based on grounded theory and PMC index model
Authors: Qiu Xiaolong , Xu Xinglong
Published: January 2023

Health care integration is an important way to achieve healthy ageing and meet the personalized health care needs of the elderly. Based on 16 policies on health care integration introduced at the national level in China from 2013 to 2022, the open coding process of grounded theory was used to set up variable indicators and construct a PMC index model for quantitative evaluation of the policies. The results of the study show that the mean value of the PMC index of 16 policies is 7.42, including 12 excellent policies and 4 good policies. Through the PMC curve and depression index, it is found that the overall quality of the combined medical care and support policy in China is good, but it still needs further optimization and improvement in terms of policy timeliness, policy tools, policy operability and policy innovation.
The construction of curriculum learning pattern of master of education: theoretical foundation and practical framework
Authors: Tian Li , Mei Yue , Ma Jinjing , Deng Ting , Lu Wenshen
Published: January 2023

The implementation and operation of the “Curriculum for Education” is an important medium and carrier for nurturing the in-depth learning literacy of postgraduates, especially the implementation and operation of the principle courses provide an important platform and guarantee for cultivating the principle thinking of M.Ed. Combined with the analysis of research data, this paper finds that (1) the learning pattern of M.Ed. courses has the characteristics and practical characteristics of openness, initiative and self-adaptability. (2) The practical framework for constructing the learning pattern of the M.Ed. programme consists of two modules that lay out progressive learning tasks that point to “academic competence in the curriculum” and “practical competence in teaching”. (3) Guiding M.Ed. students to participate in course evaluation and promoting the formation of M.Ed. learning experiences are the core mechanisms of M.Ed. course learning patterns in practice.
Research on the construction of introductory courses group for financial majors under the background of new business
Authors: Liu Yang , Cai Zhijun
Published: January 2023

“New Business” is a new Economic and Management Education concept under the new liberal arts. The Ministry of Education's “Declaration on the Construction of New Liberal Arts” pointed out that one of the starting points to promote the construction of new liberal arts is to improve the quality of the courses. Course construction is the foundation of the construction of majors. It is important to strengthen the construction of the professional introductory courses group in combination with the current conditions and practice of the financial majors of Canvard College. Based on this, this paper raises some problems in constructing introductory courses group and proposes innovative initiatives for designing concepts, frameworks and models as ideological and political construction of curriculum, optimization of teaching contents, reform of teaching mode, reform of teaching methods and reform of teaching appraisals.
Research on the construction path of new agricultural science in Xinjiang based on the high-quality development of higher education
Authors: Zhou Changjiang , Dai Quan , Zhi Peng
Published: January 2023

In the context of high-quality development of education, vigorously promoting the construction of new agricultural science is the need to serve the national strategy and rural revitalization, and is an inevitable choice for the development of agriculture-related colleges and universities. Exploring a new path of agricultural science construction that is in line with both national policies and local socio-economic development, and cultivating high-quality agricultural talents is a realistic problem that needs to be solved at present. This paper adopts inductive method through interviews with experts from agriculture-related colleges and universities, research institutes, industry enterprises and government authorities, and expert discussion sessions, and proposes that the construction of new agricultural science in Xinjiang needs to adopt such paths as innovative talent cultivation system, innovative talent practice platform, innovative curriculum system, innovative teacher team construction, innovative research platform for rural revitalization, and support for the construction of Xinjiang New Agricultural Science Education Union to achieve high-quality talent cultivation and enhance the ability to serve rural revitalization. This study tries to propose a new construction path for the construction of Xinjiang agricultural science, explore a new track for agriculture-related colleges and universities to serve the needs of rural strategy and shape a new development momentum.
Das Phänomen der Angst innerhalb von Notaufnahmeabteilungen
Authors: Weihers Kristian , Dormann Patrick
Published: January 2023

Erkrankungen oder Verletzungen lösen bei den meisten Menschen Verunsicherung und Angst aus: Wie schwer bin ich verletzt? Werde ich wieder gesund? Gerade in Notfallabteilungen ist die Angst der Patienten besonders ausgeprägt – doch gibt es auch Konzepte für das Pflegepersonal, damit umzugehen?
Ernstfall statt Übung – Zugunglück bei Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Authors: Gehring Gisela
Published: January 2023

Am 3. Juni 2022 kam es im Ortsteil Burgrain, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, um die Mittagszeit zu einem folgenschweren Zugunglück. Drei Waggons eines gut besetzten Regionalzuges kippten von den Schienen. Innerhalb von Minuten war es zu einem Schadensereignis gekommen, das die Tauglichkeit der Notfallpläne und -strategien des Klinikums Garmisch-Partenkirchen einem realen Bewährungstest unterzog.
Diagnosing Cystic Fibrosis in Adults
Authors: Barry Peter J. , Simmonds Nicholas J.
Published: January 2023

Diagnosing cystic fibrosis (CF) in adulthood is not a rare occurrence for CF centers despite the popular belief that the diagnosis is achieved almost universally in childhood by means of newborn screening or early clinical presentation. The purpose of this review article is to highlight specific considerations of adult diagnosis of CF. Obtaining a diagnosis of CF at any age is exceptionally important to ensure optimal treatment, monitoring, and support. In the new era of more personalized treatment with the advent of transformative therapies targeting the underlying protein defect, accurate diagnosis is of increasing importance. This review highlights the diagnostic algorithm leading to a new diagnosis of CF in adults. The diagnosis is usually confirmed in the presence of a compatible clinical presentation, evidence of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein dysfunction, and/or identification of variants in the CFTR gene believed to alter protein function. Achieving the diagnosis, however, is not always straightforward as CFTR protein function exists on a continuum with different organs displaying varying sensitivity to diminution in function. We highlight the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of CF diagnosed in adults and outline the various clinical presentations, including pulmonary and extrapulmonary, which are more common in this population. We expand on the stepwise testing procedures that lead to diagnosis, paying particular attention to additional levels of testing which may be required to achieve an accurate diagnosis. There continues to be an important need for both pulmonary and other specialists to be aware of the potential for later presentation of CF, as the improvements in treatment over decades have had large positive impacts on prognosis for people with this condition.
Cosmopolitan abyssal lineages? A systematic study of East Pacific deep-sea squat lobsters (Decapoda: Galatheoidea: Munidopsidae)
Authors: Rodríguez-Flores Paula C. , Seid Charlotte A. , Rouse Greg W. , Giribet Gonzalo
Published: January 2023

Munidopsid squat lobsters are among the most abundant decapods at abyssal depths and the most diverse squat lobster group in the East Pacific region. During recent cruises along the East Pacific, many deep-sea squat lobsters were collected. Among these, we described five new munidopsid species supported both by morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics: Munidopsis girguisi sp. nov., M. nautilus sp. nov., M. testuda sp. nov., M. cortesi sp. nov. and M. hendrickxi sp. nov. We also report new records of several Munidopsis species across the East Pacific that increase the species distribution ranges. Here, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the East Pacific species in relation to other Galatheoidea using one nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragment(s); we also performed single locus species delimitation analyses to explore the species status of various East Pacific munidopsid taxa. The new taxa were photographed, illustrated and imaged with micro-computed tomography. The phylogenetic results show that: (1) Janetogalathea californiensis, previously included in the family Galatheidae, nests within Munidopsidae; (2) the phylogenetic position of Phylladiorhynchus and Coralliogalathea as belonging in Galatheidae is not supported; and (3) Munidopsis is paraphyletic, agreeing with recent systematic hypotheses. Short genetic distances and species delimitation analyses suggested that a clade mostly constituted by abyssal species might include fewer species than currently considered, as species show a wider geographic range than previously considered, conforming with traditional hypotheses of cosmopolitanisms in abyssal species. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CED9EB18-7061-47A7-B2FF-7F1DAFCC7B12.
Technology in cognitive research
Authors: Faretta-Stutenberg Mandy , Finestrat Irene , Morgan-Short Kara
Published: January 2023

This chapter provides an overview of research instruments and technologies that can inform questions about language processing among study abroad learners. Specifically, we consider behavioral, eye-tracking, and electrophysiological methods. For each method, we provide a description of the approach, including how data are collected, analyzed, and interpreted. Then, we summarize findings from research employing the method that includes a study abroad context. Finally, we consider the limitations of the method and gaps in the extant literature, and provide guiding principles for researchers interested in utilizing the technique. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research and a discussion of the utility of including processing measures in study abroad research to gain a more holistic view of second language development.
Complexity, fluency and accuracy in study abroad research
Authors: Marijuan Silvia , Vallejos Cristi
Published: January 2023

This chapter offers a critical overview of study abroad research that examines complexity and accuracy in speaking and writing as well as written fluency. We discuss the relevant literature in terms of methodologies used, variables studied, operationalization of complexity, accuracy, and written fluency, and main results obtained. Gaps found in the literature are discussed, as well as limitations and areas for methodological improvements. In addition, the chapter provides recommendations for future research incorporating theoretical and methodological trends in study abroad, including the role of affective factors among minoritized students such as heritage language learners.
Phonological and phonetic development in study abroad research
Authors: Morales-Front Alfonso
Published: January 2023

There is an old anecdote about Daniel Jones (the real Professor Higgins in My Fair Lady/Pygmalion) according to which all he needed was “his ears” for phonetics fieldwork. Currently, many linguists do not receive enough phonetic training and consequently may not have Jones’ acoustically tuned ears. However, technology has afforded researchers new instruments that make phonetic analysis a widely accessible field of inquiry. Recent years have also seen increased attention to issues in second language methodology. In this chapter I discuss some methodological issues that may affect validity and contribute to the possibility of variable findings in research on phonological and phonetic development in study abroad. The chapter follows the standard structure and reviews first what has been done in the literature; then identifies possible issues with current practice; and finally makes proposals for improvements and future developments.
Individual variables in study abroad contexts
Authors: Albert Agnes , Bowden Harriet Wood , Csizér Kata
Published: January 2023

This chapter aims to provide a critical overview of the methodologies related to investigating individual variables in study abroad (SA) contexts both in terms of the constructs examined and the research methods applied. We will begin by summarizing key contributions that the research related to individual variables in SA has made to understanding linguistic and personal development in this context. Following, we will address limitations and gaps in this research and its methodologies. The chapter concludes by proposing recommendations that are expected to drive the research of individual variables in SA forward.
Researching study abroad
Authors: Mitchell Rosamond
Published: January 2023

This chapter introduces the concept of the social network (SN) and its origins in social sciences as a means of linking identity and social practice. The concept has been adopted primarily by study abroad (SA) researchers interested in explaining variation in SA social integration and related language learning outcomes. The chapter reviews different empirical approaches adopted to study sojourner SNs, including case studies, mathematical modelling and graphic visualisation. It is argued that SN research has enriched our understanding of sojourners’ evolving social and linguistic practices, but that its contribution to understanding variation in linguistic development remains underdeveloped. A set of principles is proposed to guide future research, supporting closer links between the study of SNs and sojourner language practices.
Anaphoric potential of bare nominals, incorporated objects and weak definites in German
Authors: Krifka Manfred , Modarresi Fereshteh
Published: January 2023

In many languages, syntactic objects can be realized in a variety of ways, from maximally distinct DPs to morphologically integrated nominal stems. For example, German allows for viele Fische fangen, Fische fangen, am Fischefangen sein, beim Fischfang sein and fischen. We also find strong definite and weak definite DPs, e.g., in das Kino gehen vs. ins Kino gehen, and bare singular nouns such as Zeitung lesen. While the syntactic differences between these examples are obvious, their semantic differences and their functions in discourse are less clear. We present experimental evidence about differences in the likelihood of anaphoric uptake of such expressions. We suggest semantic representations that help explain the options of anaphoric potential of these expressions within a version of Discourse Representation Theory (DRT).
Lions, flowers and the Romans
Authors: Gardelle Laure
Published: January 2023

Research on generic bare plurals has frequently pointed out that even though they refer to the whole class, in characterizing sentences (e.g. birds fly) they commonly license exceptions (Krifka et al. 1995). While quantification and probability models have failed to account for all uses, the present chapter argues that the “generics-as-default” approach of psychologists (e.g. Leslie 2007) provides a more convincing frame. It further argues that generalization does not concern just generic plurals, but also specific ones: plurals convey “homogenization.” The study introduces the key notion of “negligibility” for exception management. Analyses of examples in context show the role of speaker knowledge and beliefs, as well as contextual perspective, in establishing what is negligible or not.
Genre and reference chains
Authors: Dias Dominique
Published: January 2023

Many studies have shown that the choice of referential expressions is not only governed by grammatical or cognitive rules but also builds a form of convention that differs from one genre to the next. This paper looks into the relationship between text genre and reference chains, which has been only partially investigated, in order to explain this variation with parameters like the writing strategy or the discursive perspective. Based on a corpus of 80 literary reviews published in French and German newspapers, the study calls for a local approach that shows how the writing strategy involves referents in processes that have an influence on the chains. The local approach also points out how editorial or cultural habits can question conventions.
Referring to the self and the addressee overtly
Authors: Djenar Dwi Noverini
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores some ways in which referring to the self and the addressee – or interlocutor reference – by means of pronouns, kin terms or other nouns, accomplishes more than simple referring. Focusing on interlocutor reference in argumentative contexts, the study proposes that referring overtly, i.e., by means of referring forms rather than null expressions, appears to be an emerging convention in Indonesian political argumentation. Data from political interviews are analysed to show how participants employ overt reference to claim knowledge about the states of affairs or the addressee’s cognitive state, position themselves as the party responsible for claims and assertions, and solicit an aligning response from the addressee.
Leaving this unsaid
Authors: Skalicky Stephen , Chen Victoria
Published: January 2023

We investigated the use of this in a large corpus of headlines gathered from three North American satirical newspapers (The Onion, The Beaverton, and The Babylon Bee). There were 551 instances of this in the corpus, 26 of which were used pronominally but without a clear referent, which we dub the empty satirical this (e.g., None Of This Would Have Happened Had You Flossed). We argue the lack of a clear referent prompts the co-construction of satirical meaning, the final resolution of which depends upon the reader’s willingness and ability to provide a fitting referent. While infrequent overall, the empty satirical this was found in all three newspapers, representing a creative and unique use of this atypical in non-satirical headlines.
Referential conventions as compromise
Authors: Ounoughi Samia
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores reference in the case of oronyms, that is, proper nouns which designate portions of mountainous relief. As a linguistic function, reference binds a linguistic sign to an extra-linguistic entity. How is this function initiated and how does it operate? I argue that oronyms create referents, the geographical objects speakers create by naming a portion of the relief. Likewise, humans can cognitively divide a spatial continuum to comprehend it better. Oronyms emerge from the naming process I call “toponymation”. They design (create) and designate (name) a referent which has fleeting contours and is thus difficult to retrieve. I explore oronyms in a corpus of alpine travel narratives to identify what criteria are necessary to reach towards what I call “referential efficiency”.