bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Existence and regularizing rate estimates of mild solutions to a generalized magneto-hydrodynamic system in Q-spaces
Authors: Liu Qiao , Zhao Jihong , Cui Shangbin
Published: June 2015

We study existence of mild solution to a [Formula: see text]-dimensional generalized incompressible magneto-hydrodynamic (GMHD) system with initial value [Formula: see text] in a new critical space [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is the space of all measurable functions [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text] where the supremum is taken over all cubes [Formula: see text] with the edge length [Formula: see text] and the edges parallel to the coordinate axes in [Formula: see text]. The regularizing rate estimates for the [Formula: see text]th spatial derivatives of solution are also proved, which imply the spatial analyticity of the solution and temporal decay of global solution.
The continuous fractional wavelet transform on generalized weighted Sobolev spaces
Authors: Prasad Akhilesh , Kumar Praveen
Published: June 2015

In this paper, the continuous fractional wavelet transform is defined and boundedness results of this transform on generalized weighted Sobolev spaces are obtained. Characterization of the range of continuous fractional wavelet transform is also discussed.
Strictly unbounded operator on normed spaces
Authors: Ramasamy C. T. , Moorthy C. Ganesa
Published: June 2015

In this paper, some new unbounded operators are introduced and characterizations, properties of these operators are also obtained.
New delay-range-dependent robust exponential stability criteria for uncertain linear systems with discrete interval and distributed time-varying delays and nonlinear perturbations
Authors: Somchai Pornthip , Mukdasai Kanit
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we investigate the problem of robust exponential stability analysis for uncertain linear systems with discrete interval time-varying delay, distributed time-varying delay and nonlinear perturbations. Based on constructing an augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional with some parameter, decomposition technique of coefficient matrix, mixed model transformation with Leibniz–Newton formula and utilization of zero equations, new delay-range-dependent robust exponential stability criteria are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Numerical examples are given to show the superiority of our results to those in the literature.
Quaternary quartic forms representing infinitely many prime squares
Authors: Mezroui Soufiane , Azizi Abdelmalek , Ziane M'hammed
Published: June 2015

Using a generalized form of Weber’s theorem we construct a family of quaternary quartic forms representing infinitely many prime squares.
Synthesis and characterization of europium ions doping of hydroxyapatite nanorods by the simple two step method
Authors: Kong Deyan , Xiao Xinli , Qiu Xueying , Zhang Wenbo , Hu Yang , Zhang Shen , Yang Yulin
Published: June 2015

Europium doping hydroxyapatite ( HAp : Eu 3+) nanorods have been successfully prepared via the simple precipitation-hydrolysis route at atmospheric pressure. The precursor samples were testified to be monetite ( CaHPO 4) by the precipitation step. The HAp : Eu 3+ nanorods were single phase and highly crystallized after hydrolysis process. The different doping concentration of Eu 3+ ions can change obviously in size and aspect ratio of the HAp : Eu 3+ particles. HAp : Eu 3+ nanorods show the characteristic emission of Eu 3+. The different emission intensity should be due to the doping concentration of Eu 3+. The emission intensity of IBU-loading nanoparticles decreased to 63% of that of the as-prepared HAp : Eu 3+ nanoparticles, which indicates that the HAp : Eu 3+ nanoparticles can be used as a fluorescent label in the drug system. The low load capacity and speedy release were because of the weak reaction between HAp : Eu 3+ nanorods and IBU molecules.
Characteristics and geological significance of particles on fractures from the Dongshengmiao polymetallic pyrite deposit, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Hu Guai , Cao Jian-Jin , Lai Pei-Xin , Hopke Philip K. , Holub Robert F. , Zeng Jian-Nian , Wang Zheng-Hai , Wu Zheng-Quan
Published: July 2015

Fault gouge samples were collected from deep-seated fractures in the Dongshengmiao polymetallic pyrite deposit. Fault gouge particles were analysed by transmission electron microscopy. Many particles were identified with sizes of 200 nm or less, such as carbon-bearing, gold, Pb-bearing or Zn-bearing mineral particles. Carbon-bearing particles included graphite, carbonate, organic matter and carbonate mixed with organic matter. Gold particles were found in fault gouge samples in the form of natural gold, which had not been previously observed. Other particles, such as Pb- and Zn-bearing particles, directly reflect the ore-forming elemental characteristics of the Dongshengmiao deposit. Based on analysis of these particles, the following conclusions made: (1) carbon-bearing particles were deduced to be able to provide additional information related to the deposit formation; (2) fracture-induced stress acted on particles based on the observed lattice deformations in the gold, graphite, dolomite and Fe-bearing particles and the uneven edges of many particles; and (3) information about concealed ore bodies can be more easily obtained through the study of fault gouge particles, which will make ore body exploration more efficient.
Design Criteria for Future Fuels and Related Power Systems Addressing the Impacts of Non-CO2 Pollutants on Human Health and Climate Change
Authors: Schauer James Jay
Published: July 2015

Concerns over the economics, supply chain, and emissions of greenhouse gases associated with the wide use of fossil fuels have led to increasing interest in developing alternative and renewable fuels for stationary power generation and transportation systems. Although there is considerable uncertainty regarding the economic and environmental impacts of alternative and renewable fuels, there is a great need for assessment of potential and emerging fuels to guide research priorities and infrastructure investment. Likewise, there is a great need to identify potential unintended adverse impacts of new fuels and related power systems before they are widely adopted. Historically, the environmental impacts of emerging fuels and power systems have largely focused on carbon dioxide emissions, often called the carbon footprint, which is used to assess impacts on climate change. Such assessments largely ignore the large impacts of emissions of other air pollutants. Given the potential changes in emissions of air pollutants associated with the large-scale use of new and emerging fuels and power systems, there is a great need to better guide efforts to develop new fuels and power systems that can avoid unexpected adverse impacts on the environment and human health. This review covers the nature of emissions, including the key components and impacts from the use of fuels, and the design criteria for future fuels and associated power systems to assure that the non-CO2 adverse impacts of stationary power generation and transportation are minimized.
Microfluidic Strategies for Understanding the Mechanics of Cells and Cell-Mimetic Systems
Authors: Dahl Joanna B. , Lin Jung-Ming G. , Muller Susan J. , Kumar Sanjay
Published: July 2015

Microfluidic systems are attracting increasing interest for the high-throughput measurement of cellular biophysical properties and for the creation of engineered cellular microenvironments. Here we review recent applications of microfluidic technologies to the mechanics of living cells and synthetic cell-mimetic systems. We begin by discussing the use of microfluidic devices to dissect the mechanics of cellular mimics, such as capsules and vesicles. We then explore applications to circulating cells, including erythrocytes and other normal blood cells, and rare populations with potential disease diagnostic value, such as circulating tumor cells. We conclude by discussing how microfluidic devices have been used to investigate the mechanics, chemotaxis, and invasive migration of adherent cells. In these ways, microfluidic technologies represent an increasingly important toolbox for investigating cellular mechanics and motility at high throughput and in a format that lends itself to clinical translation.
Economics of Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Livestock
Authors: Teillant Aude , Brower Charles H. , Laxminarayan Ramanan
Published: July 2015

Rapidly rising incomes are driving demand for animal protein and livestock globally. The move toward more intensive production systems to support this increased demand is projected to increase the dependence on antibiotic growth promoters. The volume of antibiotics used for growth promotion in livestock outstrips that used for disease treatment in humans and creates significant selection pressure for the evolution of antibiotic resistance—a challenge for global health and resource conservation. This review describes the benefits and costs of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock and considers the prospects for more fully accounting for the externality costs.
Viruses in Rodent Colonies: Lessons Learned from Murine Noroviruses
Authors: Karst Stephanie M. , Wobus Christiane E.
Published: July 2015

Noroviruses (NoVs) are highly prevalent, positive-sense RNA viruses that infect a range of mammals, including humans and mice. Murine noroviruses (MuNoVs) are the most prevalent pathogens in biomedical research colonies, and they have been used extensively as a model system for human noroviruses (HuNoVs). Despite recent successes in culturing HuNoVs in the laboratory and a small animal host, studies of human viruses have inherent limitations. Thus, owing to its versatility, the MuNoV system—with its native host, reverse genetics, and cell culture systems—will continue to provide important insights into NoV and enteric virus biology. In the current review, we summarize recent findings from MuNoVs that increase our understanding of enteric virus pathogenesis and highlight similarities between human and murine NoVs that underscore the value of MuNoVs to inform studies of HuNoV biology. We also discuss the potential of endemic MuNoV infections to impact other disease models.
In vitro differentiation of porcine aortic vascular precursor cells to endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Zaniboni Andrea , Bernardini Chiara , Bertocchi Martina , Zannoni Augusta , Bianchi Francesca , Avallone Giancarlo , Mangano Chiara , Sarli Giuseppe , Calzà Laura , Bacci Maria Laura , Forni Monica
Published: July 2015

Recent findings suggest that progenitor and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are associated with vascular niches. Cells displaying mesenchymal properties and differentiating to whole components of a functional blood vessel, including endothelial and smooth muscle cells, can be defined as vascular stem cells (VSCs). Recently, we isolated a population of porcine aortic vascular precursor cells (pAVPCs), which have MSC- and pericyte-like properties. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether pAVPCs possess VSC-like properties and assess their differentiation potential toward endothelial and smooth muscle lineages. pAVPCs, maintained in a specific pericyte growth medium, were cultured in high-glucose DMEM + 10% FBS (long-term medium, LTM) or in human endothelial serum-free medium + 5% FBS and 50 ng/ml of hVEGF (endothelial differentiation medium, EDM). After 21 days of culture in LTM, pAVPCs showed an elongated fibroblast-like morphology, and they seem to organize in cord-like structures. qPCR analysis of smooth muscle markers [α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), calponin, and smooth muscle myosin (SMM) heavy chain] showed a significant increment of the transcripts, and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the presence of α-SMA and SMM proteins. After 21 days of culture in EDM, pAVPCs displayed an endothelial cell-like morphology and revealed the upregulation of the expression of endothelial markers (CD31, vascular endothelial-cadherin, von Willebrand factor, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase) showing the CD31-typical pattern. In conclusion, pAVPCs could be defined as a VSC-like population considering that, if they are maintained in a specific pericyte medium, they express MSC markers, and they have, in addition to the classical mesenchymal trilineage differentiation potential, the capacity to differentiate in vitro toward the smooth muscle and the endothelial cell phenotypes.
Atrophy, inducible satellite cell activation, and possible denervation of supraspinatus muscle in injured human rotator-cuff muscle
Authors: Gigliotti Deanna , Leiter Jeff R. S. , Macek Bryce , Davidson Michael J. , MacDonald Peter B. , Anderson Judy E.
Published: July 2015

The high frequency of poor outcome and chronic pain after surgical repair of shoulder rotator-cuff injury (RCI) prompted this study to explore the potential to amplify muscle regeneration using nitric oxide (NO)-based treatment. After preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biopsies of supraspinatus and ipsilateral deltoid (as a control) were collected during reparative surgery for RCI. Muscle fiber diameter, the pattern of neuromuscular junctions observed with alpha-bungarotoxin staining, and the γ:ε subunit ratio of acetylcholine receptors in Western blots were examined in tandem with experiments to determine the in vitro responsiveness of muscle satellite cells to activation (indicated by uptake of bromodeoxyuridine, BrdU) by the NO-donor drug, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). Consistent with MRI findings of supraspinatus atrophy (reduced occupation ratio and tangent sign), fiber diameter was lower in supraspinatus than in deltoid. ISDN induced a significant increase over baseline (up to 1.8-fold), in the proportion of BrdU+ (activated) Pax7+ satellite cells in supraspinatus, but not in deltoid, after 40 h in culture. The novel application of denervation indices revealed a trend for supraspinatus muscle to have a higher γ:ε subunit ratio than deltoid ( P = 0.13); this ratio inversely with both occupancy ratio ( P < 0.05) and the proportion of clusters at neuromuscular junctions ( P = 0.05). Results implicate possible supraspinatus denervation in RCI and suggest NO-donor treatment has potential to promote growth in atrophic supraspinatus muscle after RCI and improve functional outcome.
Modulation of autophagy signaling with resistance exercise and protein ingestion following short-term energy deficit
Authors: Smiles William J. , Areta José L. , Coffey Vernon G. , Phillips Stuart M. , Moore Daniel R. , Stellingwerff Trent , Burke Louise M. , Hawley John A. , Camera Donny M.
Published: July 2015

Autophagy contributes to remodeling of skeletal muscle and is sensitive to contractile activity and prevailing energy availability. We investigated changes in targeted genes and proteins with roles in autophagy following 5 days of energy balance (EB), energy deficit (ED), and resistance exercise (REX) after ED. Muscle biopsies from 15 subjects (8 males, 7 females) were taken at rest following 5 days of EB [45 kcal·kg fat free mass (FFM)−1·day−1] and 5 days of ED (30 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1). After ED, subjects completed a bout of REX and consumed either placebo (PLA) or 30 g whey protein (PRO) immediately postexercise. Muscle biopsies were obtained at 1 and 4 h into recovery in each trial. Resting protein levels of autophagy-related gene protein 5 (Atg5) decreased after ED compared with EB (∼23%, P < 0.001) and remained below EB from 1 to 4 h postexercise in PLA (∼17%) and at 1 h in PRO (∼18%, P < 0.05). In addition, conjugated Atg5 (cAtg12) decreased below EB in PLA at 4 h (∼20, P < 0.05); however, its values were increased above this time point in PRO at 4 h alongside increases in FOXO1 above EB (∼22–26%, P < 0.05). Notably, these changes were subsequent to increases in unc-51-like kinase 1Ser757phosphorylation (∼60%) 1 h postexercise in PRO. No significant changes in gene expression of selected autophagy markers were found, but EGR-1 increased above ED and EB in PLA (∼417–864%) and PRO (∼1,417–2,731%) trials 1 h postexercise ( P < 0.001). Postexercise protein availability, compared with placebo, can selectively promote autophagic responses to REX in ED.
ABCG2: the molecular mechanisms of urate secretion and gout
Authors: Woodward Owen M.
Published: July 2015

The human propensity for high levels of serum uric acid (SUA) is a trait that has defied explanation. Is it beneficial? Is it pathogenic? Its role in the human diseases like gout and kidney stones was discovered over a century ago [Richette P, Bardin T. Lancet 375: 318–328, 2010; Rivard C, Thomas J, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ. Rheumatology (Oxford) 52: 421–426, 2013], but today emerging new genetic and epidemiological techniques have revived an age-old debate over whether high uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) independently increase risk for diseases like hypertension and chronic kidney disease [Feig DI. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 14: 346–352, 2012; Feig DI, Madero M, Jalal DI, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Johnson RJ. J Pediatr 162: 896–902, 2013; Feig DI, Soletsky B, Johnson RJ. JAMA 300: 924–932, 2008; Wang J, Qin T, Chen J, Li Y, Wang L, Huang H, Li J. PLoS One 9: e114259, 2014; Zhu P, Liu Y, Han L, Xu G, Ran JM. PLoS One 9: e100801, 2014]. Part of the mystery of the role uric acid plays in human health stems from our lack of understanding of how humans regulate uric acid homeostasis, an understanding that could shed light on the historic role of uric acid in human adaptation and its present role in human pathogenesis. This review will highlight the recent work to identify the first important human uric acid secretory transporter, ABCG2, and the identification of a common causal ABCG2 variant, Q141K, for hyperuricemia and gout.
The Evolution of Unidirectional Pulmonary Airflow
Authors: Farmer C. G.
Published: July 2015

Conventional wisdom holds that the avian respiratory system is unique because air flows in the same direction through most of the gas-exchange tubules during both phases of ventilation. However, recent studies showing that unidirectional airflow also exists in crocodilians and lizards raise questions about the true phylogenetic distribution of unidirectional airflow, the selective drivers of the trait, the date of origin, and the functional consequences of this phenomenon. These discoveries suggest unidirectional flow was present in the common diapsid ancestor and are inconsistent with the traditional paradigm that unidirectional flow is an adaptation for supporting high rates of gas exchange. Instead, these discoveries suggest it may serve functions such as decreasing the work of breathing, decreasing evaporative respiratory water loss, reducing rates of heat loss, and facilitating crypsis. The divergence in the design of the respiratory system between unidirectionally ventilated lungs and tidally ventilated lungs, such as those found in mammals, is very old, with a minimum date for the divergence in the Permian Period. From this foundation, the avian and mammalian lineages evolved very different respiratory systems. I suggest the difference in design is due to the same selective pressure, expanded aerobic capacity, acting under different environmental conditions. High levels of atmospheric oxygen of the Permian Period relaxed selection for a thin blood-gas barrier and may have resulted in the homogeneous, broncho-alveolar design, whereas the reduced oxygen of the Mesozoic selected for a heterogeneous lung with an extremely thin blood-gas barrier. These differences in lung design may explain the puzzling pattern of ecomorphological diversification of Mesozoic mammals: all were small animals that did not occupy niches requiring a great aerobic capacity. The broncho-alveolar lung and the hypoxia of the Mesozoic may have restricted these mammals from exploiting niches of large body size, where cursorial locomotion can be advantageous, as well as other niches requiring great aerobic capacities, such as those using flapping flight. Furthermore, hypoxia may have exerted positive selection for a parasagittal posture, the diaphragm, and reduced erythrocyte size, innovations that enabled increased rates of ventilation and more rapid rates of diffusion in the lung.
Prevalence and Diagnostic Approach to Sleep Apnea in Hemodialysis Patients: A Population Study
Authors: Forni Ogna Valentina , Ogna Adam , Pruijm Menno , Bassi Isabelle , Zuercher Emilie , Halabi Georges , Phan Olivier , Bullani Roberto , Teta Daniel , Gauthier Thierry , Cherpillod Anne , Mathieu Claudine , Mihalache Alexandra , Cornette Francoise , Haba-Rubio José , Burnier Michel , Heinzer Raphaël
Published: July 2015

Background. Previous observations found a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the hemodialysis population, but the best diagnostic approach remains undefined. We assessed OSA prevalence and performance of available screening tools to propose a specific diagnostic algorithm.Methods. 104 patients from 6 Swiss hemodialysis centers underwent polygraphy and completed 3 OSA screening scores: STOP-BANG, Berlin’s Questionnaire, and Adjusted Neck Circumference. The OSA predictors were identified on a derivation population and used to develop the diagnostic algorithm, which was validated on an independent population.Results. We found 56% OSA prevalence (AHI ≥ 15/h), which was largely underdiagnosed. Screening scores showed poor performance for OSA screening (ROC areas 0.538 [SE 0.093] to 0.655 [SE 0.083]). Age, neck circumference, and time on renal replacement therapy were the best predictors of OSA and were used to develop a screening algorithm, with higher discriminatory performance than classical screening tools (ROC area 0.831 [0.066]).Conclusions. Our study confirms the high OSA prevalence and highlights the low diagnosis rate of this treatable cardiovascular risk factor in the hemodialysis population. Considering the poor performance of OSA screening tools, we propose and validate a specific algorithm to identify hemodialysis patients at risk for OSA for whom further sleep investigations should be considered.
Update on the Pathogenic Implications and Clinical Potential of microRNAs in Cardiac Disease
Authors: Notari Mario , Pulecio Julián , Raya Ángel
Published: June 2015

miRNAs, a unique class of endogenous noncoding RNAs, are highly conserved across species, repress gene translation upon binding to mRNA, and thereby influence many biological processes. As such, they have been recently recognized as regulators of virtually all aspects of cardiac biology, from the development and cell lineage specification of different cell populations within the heart to the survival of cardiomyocytes under stress conditions. Various miRNAs have been recently established as powerful mediators of distinctive aspects in many cardiac disorders. For instance, acute myocardial infarction induces cardiac tissue necrosis and apoptosis but also initiates a pathological remodelling response of the left ventricle that includes hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes and fibrotic deposition of extracellular matrix components. In this regard, recent findings place various miRNAs as unquestionable contributing factors in the pathogenesis of cardiac disorders, thus begging the question of whether miRNA modulation could become a novel strategy for clinical intervention. In the present review, we aim to expose the latest mechanistic concepts regarding miRNA function within the context of CVD and analyse the reported roles of specific miRNAs in the different stages of left ventricular remodelling as well as their potential use as a new class of disease-modifying clinical options.
Beam Purity for Light Dark Matter Search in Beam Dump Experiments
Authors: Banerjee D. , Crivelli P. , Rubbia A.
Published: July 2015

This paper reviews the search for light dark matter in beam dump experiments with a special emphasis on the necessity of beam purity for precise background rejection at the sensitivities aimed at these experiments. As a case study we cite the P348 experiment which has test beam time in Fall 2015 at the SPS H4 beam line at CERN and aims to search for theU′(1)gauge boson,A′, which as per one model of dark matter mediates a weak interaction between ordinary matter and dark matter via mixing of these “dark photons” with ordinary photon. The experiment aims to probe the still unexplored area of mixing strength10-5≤ϵ≤10-3and massesMA′≤100 MeV by using 10–300 GeV electron beam from the CERN SPS. This paper presents the simulation results for rejection of background due to beam impurity, by tracking the incoming particles with Micromegas detectors at a level <10-10.
Efficiency Improvement of Kalman Filter for GNSS/INS through One-Step Prediction ofPMatrix
Authors: Li Qingli , Ban Yalong , Niu Xiaoji , Zhang Quan , Gong Linlin , Liu Jingnan
Published: June 2015

To meet the real-time and low power consumption demands in MEMS navigation and guidance field, an improved Kalman filter algorithm for GNSS/INS was proposed in this paper named as one-step prediction ofPmatrix. Quantitative analysis of field test datasets was made to compare the navigation accuracy with the standard algorithm, which indicated that the degradation caused by the simplified algorithm is small enough compared to the navigation errors of the GNSS/INS system itself. Meanwhile, the computation load and time consumption of the algorithm decreased over 50% by the improved algorithm. The work has special significance for navigation applications that request low power consumption and strict real-time response, such as cellphone, wearable devices, and deeply coupled GNSS/INS systems.
Curative Effects of Fuzheng Huayu on Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dong Shu , Chen Qi-Long , Su Shi-Bing
Published: June 2015

The Fuzheng Huayu (FZHY) formula is being used in antiliver fibrosis treatment in China. For systemic evaluation of the curative effects of FZHY on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis progress, a total of 1392 subjects (714 cases and 678 controls) were found to be eligible for meta-analysis in this study. Standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for changes between FZHY groups and controls by employing fixed effects or random effects model. In the overall analysis, alanine transaminase (ALT) (P=0.003, SMD = −0.87, 95% CI: −1.46 to −0.29), total bilirubin (TBil) (P=0.001, SMD = −1.30, 95% CI: −2.10 to −0.50), hyaluronic acid (HA) (P=0.000, SMD = −0.94, 95% CI: −1.30 to −0.58), laminin (LN) (P=0.000, SMD = −0.80, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.41), type III procollagen (PC-III) (P=0.000, SMD = −1.27, 95% CI: −1.93 to −0.60), and type IV procollagen (IV-C) (P=0.000, SMD = −0.78, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.51) were decreased after FZHY treatment; however, albumin (ALB) was increased (P=0.037, SMD = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.07 to 2.12) significantly. Furthermore, the Child-Pugh score was reduced significantly and the life quality was improved after FZHY treatment in cirrhosis patients. The results of this meta-analysis indicated that FZHY effectively improves the liver function, alleviates hepatic fibrosis, decreases Child-Pugh score, and relieves TCM symptoms caused by liver dysfunction, indicating that FZHY may contribute to the alleviation of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Fault Diagnosis of Bearing Based on Cauchy Kernel Relevance Vector Machine Classifier with SIWPSO
Authors: Fei Sheng-wei , He Yong
Published: June 2015

Bearing is an important component of mechanical system; any defects of bearing will lead to serious damage for the entire mechanical system. In this paper, Cauchy kernel relevance vector machine with stochastic inertia weight particle swarm optimization algorithm (SIWPSO-CauchyRVM) is proposed to fault diagnosis for bearing. As the selection of the Cauchy kernel parameter has a certain influence on the diagnosis result of relevance vector machine, stochastic inertia weight PSO is used to select the Cauchy kernel parameter. The relative energies of 16 wavelet coefficients of the forth layer of vibration signal of bearing can be used as the diagnosis features of bearing. The experimental results indicate that fault diagnosis method of bearing based on SIWPSO-CauchyRVM has excellent diagnosis ability.
Decentralized Finite-TimeH∞Connective Control for a Class of Large-Scale Systems with Different Structural Forms
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Liu Yang , Liu Xiaoping
Published: June 2015

Decentralized finite-timeH∞connective control problem for a class of large-scale interconnected systems is studied in this paper. The research aims at two structural forms, namely, the interconnected structure and the one with expanding construction. A new method is proposed to design a decentralized state feedback control law for a large-scale interconnected system so that the closed-loop system is finite-timeH∞connectively bounded. The sufficient conditions for the existence of such a decentralized control law are deduced by using LMI method. Another method is presented for a large-scale interconnected system with expanding construction which can be used without changing the decentralized state feedback control law of the original system to design a controller for the newly added subsystem so that both the new subsystem and the resulting expanded system are finite-timeH∞connectively bounded. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by some simulation results.
Results from the Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (AFABE): Gap between Undiagnosed and Registered Atrial Fibrillation in Adults—Ineffectiveness of Oral Anticoagulation Treatment with VKA
Authors: Panisello-Tafalla Anna , Clua-Espuny Josep Lluís , Gil-Guillen Vicente F. , González-Henares Antonia , Queralt-Tomas María Lluisa , López-Pablo Carlos , Lucas-Noll Jorgina , Lechuga-Duran Iñigo , Ripolles-Vicente Rosa , Carot-Domenech Jesús , López Miquel Gallofré
Published: July 2015

Objective. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the use of oral anticoagulation (OAC) medication, recommended by national guidelines for stroke prevention but reportedly underused in AF patients with moderate to high stroke risk.Method. A multicentre and cross-sectional study of undiagnosed AF among out-of-hospital patients over 60 years old was carried out, visiting 3,638 patients at primary health centres or at home for AF diagnosis using the IDC-10 classification. The main outcome measures wereCHA2DS2VASC, HAS-BLED scores, cardiovascular comorbidity, pharmacological information, TTR, and SAMe-TT2R2 scores.Results. The main findings were undiagnosed AF in 26.44% of cases; 31.04% registered with AF but not using OAC despite 95.6% having aCHA2DS2VASC≥2score; a risk of bleeding in important subgroups using OAC without indication (37.50%CHA2DS2VASC<2score); the use of OAC with TTR < 60% (33.1%), of whom 47.6% had a HAS-BLED score ≥3. Thus, 35.4% of the expected AF prevalence achieved an optimal time in the therapeutic range.Conclusions. The expected AF prevalence was 10.9% (n5267), but the registered prevalence was 7.5% (n3638). Only 35.04% (CI = 95%, 33.7–36.3) of AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) achieve the goal of TTR > 60%.
Singular Points in the Optical Center Distribution of P3P Solutions
Authors: Hu Lihua , Wang Bo , Zhang Jifu
Published: June 2015

Multisolution phenomenon is an important issue in P3P problem since, for many real applications, the question of how many solutions could possibly exist for a given P3P problem must at first be addressed before any real implementation. In this work we show that, given 3 control points, if the camera’s optical center is close to one of the 3 toroids generated by rotating the circumcircle of the control point triangle around each one of its 3 sides, there is always an additional solution with its corresponding optical center lying in a small neighborhood of one of the control points, in addition to the original solution. In other words, there always exist at least two solutions for the P3P problem in such cases. Since, for all such additional solutions, their corresponding optical centers must lie in a small neighborhood of control points, the 3 control points constitute the singular points of the P3P solutions. The above result could act as some theoretical guide for P3P practitioners besides its academic value.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Williams John , Hutt Jonathan , Rickman Mark
Published: June 2015

This report details the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in an 18-year-old man with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). The reduced mechanical properties of the tissue in EDS can pose a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. In this case, we describe the use of a hamstring autograft combined with a Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS). There was a good radiographical, clinical, and functional outcome after two years. This technique gave a successful outcome in the reconstruction of the ACL in a patient with EDS and therefore may help surgeons faced with the same clinical scenario.
Atmospheric Corrosion Behavior of 2A12 Aluminum Alloy in a Tropical Marine Environment
Authors: Cui Zhongyu , Li Xiaogang , Zhang Huan , Xiao Kui , Dong Chaofang , Liu Zhiyong , Wang Liwei
Published: June 2015

Atmospheric corrosion behavior of 2A12 aluminum alloy exposed to a tropical marine environment for 4 years was investigated. Weight loss of 2A12 alloy in the log-log coordinates can be well fitted with two linear segments, attributing to the evolution of the corrosion products. EIS results indicate that the corrosion product layer formed on the specimens exposed for 12 months or longer presents a good barrier effect. Corrosion morphology changes from pitting corrosion to severe intergranular corrosion with the extension of exposure time, resulting in the reduction of the mechanical properties.
Optimal Combination of Aircraft Maintenance Tasks by a Novel Simplex Optimization Method
Authors: Li Huaiyuan , Zuo Hongfu , Lei Dan , Liang Kun , Lu Tingting
Published: June 2015

Combining maintenance tasks into work packages is not only necessary for arranging maintenance activities, but also critical for the reduction of maintenance cost. In order to optimize the combination of maintenance tasks by fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm, an improved fuzzy C-means clustering model is introduced in this paper. In order to reduce the dimension, variables representing clustering centers are eliminated in the improved cluster model. So the improved clustering model can be directly solved by the optimization method. To optimize the clustering model, a novel nonlinear simplex optimization method is also proposed in this paper. The novel method searches along all rays emitting from the center to each vertex, and those search directions are rightlyn+1positive basis. The algorithm has both theoretical convergence and good experimental effect. Taking the optimal combination of some maintenance tasks of a certain aircraft as an instance, the novel simplex optimization method and the clustering model both exhibit excellent performance.
Huaier Aqueous Extract Induces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Arrest in S Phase via JNK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Chengshuo , Zhang Jialin , Li Xin , Sun Ning , Yu Rui , Zhao Bochao , Yu Dongyang , Cheng Ying , Liu Yongfeng
Published: June 2015

Huaier aqueous extract, the main active constituent of Huaier proteoglycan, has antihepatocarcinoma activity in experimental and clinical settings. However, the potential and associated antihepatoma mechanisms of Huaier extract are not yet fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the inhibitory proliferation effect of Huaier extract on apoptosis and cycle of HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells. Our data demonstrated that incubation with Huaier extract resulted in a marked decrease in cell viability dose-dependently. Flow cytometric analysis showed that a 48 h treatment of Huaier extract caused cell apoptosis. Typical apoptotic nucleus alterations were observed with fluorescence microscope after Hoechst staining. Immunoblot analysis further demonstrated that Huaier extract activated caspase 3 and PARP. Additionally, Huaier extract inhibited the activity of p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK in terms of MAPK. Furthermore, Huaier extract induced HCC cells arrest in S phase and decreased the cycle related protein expression ofβ-catenin and cyclin D1. Studies with JNK specific inhibitor, SP600125, showed that Huaier extract induced S phase arrest and decreasedβ-catenin and cyclin D1 expression via JNK signaling pathway. In conclusion, we verify that Huaier extract causes cell apoptosis and induces hepatocellular carcinoma cells arrest in S phase via JNK pathway, which advances our understanding on the molecular mechanisms of Huaier extract in hepatocarcinoma management.
Mental Fatigue and Executive Dysfunction in Patients with Cushing’s Syndrome in Remission
Authors: Papakokkinou Eleni , Johansson Birgitta , Berglund Peter , Ragnarsson Oskar
Published: June 2015

Patients with Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in remission often suffer from impaired quality of life and cognitive dysfunction. The primary aim was to investigate the occurrence of mental fatigue, characterized by mental exhaustion and long recovery time following mentally strenuous tasks, in patients with CS in remission. The secondary aim was to examine whether the newly developed parts C and D of the trail making test (TMT) are more sensitive, compared to the conventional parts A and B, to evaluate attention and executive function. This was a cross-sectional study including 51 patients with CS in remission and 51 controls. All subjects completed the self-administrated mental fatigue scale (MFS) and performed all four parts of the TMT. The patients had worse outcome on all components of the MFS except for sensitivity to noise. After adjustment for mental fatigue, depression, and anxiety, the patients performed worse only on part D of the TMT (P<0.05). Mental fatigue is common in patients with CS in remission and can be captured by using the MFS. The most demanding part of the TMT, part D, is more useful to capture cognitive deficits in patients with CS in remission compared to the conventional parts A and B.
Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network Based Subway Tunnel Crack Detection Method
Authors: Shen Bo , Zhang Wen-Yu , Qi Da-Peng , Wu Xiao-Yang
Published: June 2015

Subway tunnel cracks directly reflect the structural integrity of a tunnel, and as such the detection of subway tunnel cracks is always an important task in tunnel structure monitoring. This paper presents a convenient, fast, and automated crack detection method based on a wireless multimedia sensor subway tunnel network. This method primarily provides a solution for image acquisition, image detection and identification of cracks. In order to quickly obtain a surface image of the tunnel, we used special train image sensor nodes to provide the high speed and high performance processing capability with a large-capacity battery. The proposed process can significantly reduce the amount of data transmission by compressing the binary image obtained by initial processing of the original image. We transferred the data compressed by the sensor to an appropriate station and uploaded them to a database when the train passes through the station. We also designed a fast, easy to implement fracture identification and detection image processing algorithm that can solve the image identification and detection problem. In real subway field tests, this method provided excellent performance for subway tunnel crack detection, and recognition.
Use of miRNAs as Biomarkers in Sepsis
Authors: Dumache Raluca , Rogobete Alexandru Florin , Bedreag Ovidiu Horea , Sarandan Mirela , Cradigati Alina Carmen , Papurica Marius , Dumbuleu Corina Maria , Nartita Radu , Sandesc Dorel
Published: June 2015

Sepsis is one of the most common causes of death in critical patients. Severe generalized inflammation, infections, and severe physiological imbalances significantly decrease the survival rate with more than 50%. Moreover, monitoring, evaluation, and therapy management often become extremely difficult for the clinician in this type of patients. Current methods of diagnosing sepsis vary based especially on the determination of biochemical-humoral markers, such as cytokines, components of the complement, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds. Recent studies highlight the use of new biomarkers for sepsis, namely, miRNAs. miRNAs belong to a class of small, noncoding RNAs with an approximate content of 19–23 nucleotides. Following biochemical and physiological imbalances, the expression of miRNAs in blood or other body fluids changes significantly. Moreover, its stability, specificity, and selectivity make miRNAs ideal candidates for sepsis biomarkers. In conclusion, we can affirm that stable species of circulating miRNAs represent potential biomarkers for monitoring the evolution of sepsis.
The Design of Robust Controller for Networked Control System with Time Delay
Authors: Lu Zhongda , Wang Lijing , Zhang Fengbin , Xu Fengxia
Published: June 2015

This paper considers the stability andH∞control problem of networked control systems with time delay. Taking into account the influence of network with delay, unknown input disturbance, and uncertainties of the system modeling, meanwhile we establish a precise, closed-loop model for networked control systems with time delay. By selecting a proper Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and using Lyapunov theorem, a sufficient condition for stability of the system in the form of LMI is demonstrated, corresponding controller parameters are acquired, and the convergence of the control algorithm is proved. The simulation example shows that the construction of the network robust control system with time delay indeed improves the stability performance of the system, which indicates the effectiveness of the design.
Dynamical Regulation Analysis Identifies Molecular Mechanisms of Fuzheng-Huayu Formula against Hepatitis B-Caused Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Chen Qi-Long , Lu Yi-Yu , Peng Jing-Hua , Dong Shu , Wei Bin , Song Ya-Nan , Zhou Qian-Mei , Zhang Hui , Liu Ping , Su Shi-Bing
Published: June 2015

Fuzheng-Huayu (FZHY) tablet was formulated based on Chinese medicine theory in treating liver fibrosis. A clinical trial has indicated that FZHY can against hepatitis B-caused liver cirrhosis (HBC), but the underlying mechanism of FZHY efficacy is unclear. Here, we report that miRNA expression levels are remarkably changed when FZHY formula was used in HBC patient’s treatment as a paradigm of trials. Then, we functionally characterize the significant impact of potential kernel miRNAs by miRNA-target network analysis. Enrichment analysis show that the FZHY formula dramatically effecting the molecular regulated module in HBC. Thus, we infer that FZHY plays a critical function in HBC treatment process and directly regulated many important pathways, including but not limited to cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, and TGF-βsignaling pathway, suggesting a new strategy for investigating the molecular mechanism of FZHY treatment.
Effects ofSalvadora persicaExtract on the Hematological and Biochemical Alterations against Immobilization-Induced Rats
Authors: Ramadan Kholoud S. , Alshamrani Salha A.
Published: June 2015

A total of 24 rats were divided into 4 groups: control, stress, extract alone, and stress + extract (n=6each), for total 21 days of treatment. The immobilization stress was induced in rats by putting them in 20 cm × 7 cm plastic tubes for 2 h/day for 21 days. Rats were postorally treated withSalvadora persicaat a dose of 900 mg/kg body weight via intragastric intubations. At the end of the test period, hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in blood and serum samples with determination of vital organs weights. The vital organ weights were not significantly affected in stressed rats as compared to control rats. Compared to the control group, the stress treated group showed significances in several hematological parameters, including decreases in WBC, RBC, and PLT counts. Furthermore, in comparison to the control group, the stress group showed significantly increased blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triacylglycerols levels and decreased HDL-cholesterol level. The hematological and biochemical parameters in the stress + extract treated group were approximately similar to control group. The SP extract restored the changes observed following stress treatment.
Posthospital Discharge Medical Care Costs and Family Burden Associated with Osteoporotic Fracture Patients in China from 2011 to 2013
Authors: Xie Zhao , Burge Russel , Yang Yicheng , Du Fen , Lu Tie , Huang Qiang , Ye Wenyu , Xu Weihua
Published: June 2015

Objectives. This study collected and evaluated data on the costs of outpatient medical care and family burden associated with osteoporosis-related fracture rehabilitation following hospital discharge in China.Materials and Methods. Data were collected using a patient questionnaire from osteoporosis-related fracture patients (N= 123) who aged 50 years and older who were discharged between January 2011 and January 2013 from 3 large hospitals in China. The survey captured posthospital discharge direct medical costs, indirect medical costs, lost work time for caregivers, and patient ambulatory status.Results. Hip fracture was the most frequent fracture site (62.6%), followed by vertebral fracture (34.2%). The mean direct medical care costs per patient totaled 3,910¥, while mean indirect medical costs totaled 743¥. Lost work time for unpaid family caregivers was 16.4 days, resulting in an average lost income of 3,233¥. The average posthospital direct medical cost, indirect medical cost, and caregiver lost income associated with a fracture patient totaled 7,886¥. Patients’ ambulatory status was negatively impacted following fracture.Conclusions. Significant time and cost of care are placed on patients and caregivers during rehabilitation after discharge for osteoporotic fracture. It is important to evaluate the role and responsibility for creating the growing and inequitable burden placed on patients and caregivers following osteoporotic fracture.
Co-Design of Event Generator and Dynamic Output Feedback Controller for LTI Systems
Authors: Ma Dan , Han Junxian , Zhang Dali , Liu Yanjun
Published: June 2015

This paper presents a co-design method of the event generator and the dynamic output feedback controller for a linear time-invariant (LIT) system. The event-triggered condition on the sensor-to-controller and the controller-to-actuator depends on the plant output and the controller output, respectively. A sufficient condition on the existence of the event generator and the dynamic output feedback controller is proposed and the co-design problem can be converted into the feasibility of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The LTI system is asymptotically stable under the proposed event-triggered controller and also reduces the computing resources with respect to the time-triggered one. In the end, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.