bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspect in the Imperative across Slavic - a corpus driven pilot study
Authors: Von Waldenfels Ruprecht
Published: September 2020

The present paper presents a corpus-driven study of aspect in the imperative across Slavic, drawing on 13 versions of Bulgakov's Master i Margarita in 11 languages as included in the ParaSol corpus (Waldenfels 2006). Taking departure from imperative contexts in the Russian original, it is shown that differences in aspect use follow an areal pattern. The results are largely consistent with theories such as forwarded by Barentsen (1998) and Dickey (2000) that emphasize the existence of two focal groups of aspect use in the East and the West and the results of the questionaire-based study reported in Benacchio (2010).
On the Functional Independence of Explicatures and Implicatures
Authors: Fretheim Thorstein
Published: September 2020

Robyn Carston has proposed that, within Relevance Theory the proposition

expressed by an utterance U (its explicature) must play a

communicative role that is independent of the role played by any

implicature of U. Thus no implicature can entail the

explicature of U, and whenever it looks as if that sort of

situation obtains, the presumed implicature should be redefined as the

explicature. This paper shows that the assumption that an explicature

may not be entailed by an implicature cannot be maintained, but the

fact that explicatures and implicatures are not always functionally

independent of one another is argued not to be a problem for Relevance

Theory.
Names and Identities in the Italian Detective Story
Authors: Arcamone Maria Giovanna
Published: September 2020

Detective stories were established in Italy at the end of the nine- teenth century in imitation of the 'noir' and the French and English serial novels. The Italian detective story over time has grown also with some of our better writers and it is to stories written by Carlo Emilio Gadda, Leonardo Sciascia, Carlo Fruttero/Franco Lucentini, Carlo Fruttero and Andrea Vitali that this paper is dedicated to investigating. In addition, all these authors reveal with linguistic reflections that they appreciate the inherent power of Proper Names. The de- tective novel is especially appropriate on the relation between proper names and identity. Indeed, normally at the beginning of events both in the real world and in detective fiction the personalities present in the good and bad texture of events have not yet been identified. These authors of Italian detective stories look for an ally in the nominatio to help them define the identity of their characters and the backdrop of their story.
Endonymic Place-Name Alternants and Their Cultural Significances
Authors: Coates Richard
Published: September 2020

Many places have more than one simultaneously current name within the same linguistic community, usually an official one and at least one unofficial one. In England, there are several sources of place-name alternation, and the first purpose of this paper is to categorize them. In most cases, where there is a clearly unofficial form it can be simplemindedly characterized as the form used by local people with local people in a way which asserts their shared identity and community values. In some cases, alternating usage is well entrenched, and serves stylistic ends. Where there is instability of usage, the direction of change is almost always in favour of a spelling-pronunciation. But there is sufficient evidence that simplistic assessments of the situation in England are inappropriate, and some cases are discussed which pose difficulties for the idea that informal alternants have always been produced by the same kinds of historical process.
Place Names in Multicultural Societies
Authors: Eriksen Thomas Hylland
Published: September 2020

It is not unthinkable that in a not too distant future, citizens of Oslo will have the opportunity to meet for appointments at Salimi Square, to shop for vegetables in Kharian Street, to enjoy their picnics in Rubina Rana Park and to drive to the nearby town of Drammen on Mogadishu Road.

Historical change may lead to politically motivated changes in place names, although often slow and uneven, and major upheavals such as revolutions tend to entail a total renovation of the names of streets, parks and other urban fixtures. The names of towns and villages tend to stick more stubbornly.

This short essay looks at these three modes, drawing on exam- ples from Tehran, Trinidad and Toronto, eventually relating them ten- tatively to the emergent multiethnic reality in Oslo and the future prospects for place names in the city.
Official Naming in Hå, Klepp and Time
Authors: Særheim Inge
Published: September 2020

Toponyms localize, reflect and give information about historical traditions and various phenomena in an area. They form part of the local heritage and culture. The relationship between place names, heritage and identity is often underlined in guidelines regarding official naming of streets and roads. In what way is heritage and local identity reflected in the road names of the three municipalities Hå, Klepp and Time (Southwest-Norway), and how is the special character of this area expressed in the names?

More than half of the official road names in the three municipalities are either identical with a local toponym, or they consist of a word for ‘road’ and a local toponym (or an appellative describing the location). This shows that there is a strong commitment to base the official naming on local tradition and thus contribute to identity. Quite a few elements from the dialect, e.g. special pronunciation, grammatical forms or local words, appear in the names, especially in the road names from Hå, reflecting that the names are part of the local culture, and due to the fact that the dialect is unique. Consistency is a challenge, however; the same word is sometimes spelled in different ways in different names. It appears that, with some exceptions, cultural heritage and local tradition have been preferred principles and guidelines with regard to naming of roads in the three municipalities, due to a consciousness that heritage and tradition create identity.
Surnames and Identities
Authors: Wikstrøm Solveig
Published: September 2020

This paper, based on a survey of 314 Oslo residents, investigates the relationship between surname and identity. The aim was to find out whether the modern individual experiences his or her surname as a part of his or her identity, and what bond exists between surname and locale. Late modern society typically reveals a fragmentation of individuals from family background and place of origin. A hypothesized outcome of this separation, envisages a further breach between the individual and the area their surname denotes. If one's surname is experienced as part of one's identity, what then is the main reason for this? Are there in fact different experiences of identity based on some typology of names borne by individuals?
Movement out of adjunct clauses in Russian: Evidence from semantics
Authors: Tiskin Daniel
Published: September 2020

I demonstrate that movement is possible in Russian out of adjunct clauses and correlatives, contrary to the toy theory that views them as islands. In the case of adjuncts my examples are either those of overt movement or those which as I will argue display LF movement with pronominal resumption. The latter cases will require a re-examination of Ivlieva’s (2011) “laziness” theory of pronouns bound by universal antecedents in conditionals. The observations add to the already known cases of island violation in Russian and are put into the broader context of non-canonical extraction patterns across languages.
Native syntax and translation effects: Adnominal arguments in the Greek and Latin New Testament
Authors: Gianollo Chiara
Published: September 2020

A comparative study of the syntax of adnominal arguments in the Greek original and in the Latin Vulgate translation of the Gospels shows that word order in this domain is strikingly parallel in the two languages. The fact that faithfulness in translating evidently extends to syntax, leveling Latin to the Greek model, must not lead to the conclusion that the language of the Latin translation is artificially shaped in conformity to the Greek; rather, it shows that Latin, at this diachronic stage, shared with New Testament Greek some significant parametric settings pertaining to nominal syntax.
Modeling word order variation in discourse: On the pragmatic properties of VS order in Old High German
Authors: Petrova Svetlana
Published: September 2020

In Old High German, verb-initial matrix declarative clauses display a variety of functions which are broadly related to discourse structure. However, the tho-V2 construction also correlates with the factors triggering verb-initial placement. The paper shows that the preference of the one pattern over the other cannot be explained in terms of a single, straightforward criterion. Rather, several factors influencing the choice process are recognized in the literature. The paper tests the effect of these factors by using methods and tools developed to capture variability in sociolinguistics.
An L2 perspective on possessives: Contrasts and their possible consequences
Authors: Fabricius-Hansen Cathrine , Helland Hans Petter , Pitz Anneliese Pauline
Published: September 2020

The present paper presents the contrastive background and the basic objectives of a cross-linguistic research project (POSS) that takes an L2-oriented perspective on possessives in English, Norwegian, German, French and selected Slavic languages. Our paper focuses on L1/L2 pairs involving Norwegian as L2 or L1. Section 1 outlines the rationale behind our project. The morphosyntactic (‘core’) systems of English, French, German, Norwegian and Russian 3rd possessives are described and compared in section 2 while section 3 draws attention to dimensions of contrasts that fall outside the scope of our project. Section 4 specifically addresses the L2 issue, presenting for selected L1/L2 pairs our basic assumptions concerning challenges to the acquisition of the L2 possessive core system. Section 5 contains a concluding summary.
An empirical L2 perspective on possessives: French/Norwegian
Authors: Helland Hans Petter
Published: September 2020

The main objective of this chapter is to present empirical evidence for transfer effects between Norwegian (as L1 or L2) and French (as L1 or L2). We start out with theoretical assumptions from a contrastive-comparative treatment of possessives in European languages (chapter 1, this volume) and develop hypotheses for L2-acquisition of possessive systems in Norwegian and French. The various degrees of complexity between the two linguistic sub-systems lead to different kinds of challenges in L2-acquisition based on morphological, syntactic and semantic criteria. Norwegian has a morphologically more complex possessive system than French. The French learner of Norwegian as L2 then has to acquire a system with more formal options than in her mother tongue, whereas the Norwegian learner of French as L2 acquires a system with less formal options. Based on empirical findings, the chapter shows why some parts of the possessive L2 systems are harder or easier to handle than others.
Processing possessives in translation between unequal systems. An exploratory study
Authors: Behrens Bergljot
Published: September 2020

The present paper reports on results of two translation experiments conducted with eye tracking and keylogging. Norwegian and Danish professional and student translators have each translated a small English news text into their L1. The texts include possessives in different syntactic environments which affect choice between a reflexive and an irreflexive form in the targets. While native speakers are expected to make uniform choices which conform to regularities on local and non-local binding principles in Danish and Norwegian, we find disparate solutions among the participants in both groups. The study compares final products with process data, both in terms of edits and in terms of temporal measures indicative of translation effort. Results show a considerable amount of hesitation on choice in all non-finite clause constructions, although more so among students than among professionals. Questions of translation effects versus an unstable locality principle is taken up in the final discussion.
Типология способов перевода фразеологических единиц. Сравнительный анализ русских идиом с английскими, немецкими и французскими эквивалентами
Authors: Бертемет Елена
Published: September 2020

This paper aims at a comparative analysis of Russian phraseological units with their English, French and German equivalents. The study aims at contributing to the field of idiom translation theory and may be used directly as a tool in the teaching of foreign languages.
From Implicit Norms to Explicit Skills – Focusing on Danish Academic Vocabulary
Authors: Jakobsen Anne Sofie
Published: September 2020

Research shows that L1 as well as L2 and L3 students in Danish tertiary education struggle with acquiring the necessary academic language skills for studying in Danish. Research also shows a tendency for educators in the Danish setting to treat academic language norms as implicit norms, making it much harder for students to grasp the language-related demands of academia. This article argues that in order to make the demands and norms of academic language explicit to the students, irrespective of linguistic background, we need more research-based knowledge about Danish academic language. Furthermore, focussing on one particular aspect of academic language, namely academic vocabulary, can be a step towards more explicit approaches to academic language norms. Academic vocabulary is here defined as a non-technical, general purpose vocabulary with distinct academic functions used across a range of academic disciplines. To come nearer an understanding of how we can make the academic language norms more tangible and accessible to both students and staff, the article begins with a review of existing research on Danish academic language and academic vocabulary with a particular focus on Danish SLA research. This is followed by an analysis of Danish guidance literature on academic writing for students. The article concludes with suggestions for further research in relation to teaching Danish academic vocabulary.
Pronoun Use in Novice L1 and L2 Academic Writing
Authors: Monsen Marte , Rørvik Sylvi
Published: September 2020

This paper explores the use of pronouns in student academic writing in L1 Norwegian and L2 English. Three aspects of pronoun use are examined: general pronoun frequency, pronoun reference, and the uses of ‘I’ and ‘we’. Students of English are typically advised to avoid being explicitly present in their academic texts (Lysvåg & Stenbrenden 2014), while students writing in Norwegian are often encouraged to use first-person pronouns. However, the results show that both sets of students use explicit self-reference in similar ways. Frequent uses of ‘I’ and ‘we’ are as conductors of research and as guides or navigators assisting the reader through the text.
A Morpheme-based Model of Nonsentential Utterance Production
Authors: Ido Shinji
Published: September 2020

The present study is an attempt to account for non-sentential utterance (NSU) production without assuming the existence of a `syntactically full sentence' for every NSU. The model for NSU production that derives from this study has the following four advantages over the popular `constituent-omis-sion' model: It 1) accounts for the production of NSUs that native speakers variably `reconstruct', 2) explains why in certain contexts pro-drop cannot occur in languages that have morphologically marked subject-verb agreement 3) models the production of NSUs without devising separate production processes for `ellipses' and `fragments', and 4) predicts what constituents have to be present in a given NSU. It also keeps the involvement of syntax {in} NSU production to a minimum.
Dal testo alle parole: studi contrastivi
Authors: Khachaturyan Elizaveta
Published: September 2020

Negli ultimi decenni gli studi contrastivi continuano ad espandere il loro dominio segnando così l’inizio di una nuova fase: dall’analisi dei fenomeni grammaticali – prevalente negli studi del secolo scorso – l’interesse dei ricercatori si sta rivolgendo ora sempre di più verso le differenze comunicative che caratterizzano le lingue e riguardano diversi livelli linguistici, dalle strutture morfosintattiche fino alle proprietà di carattere sociolinguistico e pragmatico. Il punto di partenza di uno studio contrastivo diventano pertanto il testo visto come realizzazione generale di un qualsiasi atto comunicativo e i mezzi linguistici usati per costruirlo. Così (come vedremo nelle sezioni successive) l’analisi si concentra sulle forme usate in un contesto specifico o in una situazione comunicativa prestabilita.

Il presente articolo ha molteplici obiettivi. Oltre a introdurre i contributi del volume, esso si propone di descrivere il testo come oggetto di uno studio contrastivo individuando gli elementi importanti per la sua costruzione; e infine suggerisce possibili strade da seguire nei futuri studi italo-norvegesi, al momento ancora poco numerosi.

L’articolo è diviso in tre parti: la presentazione del testo come materiale per l’analisi contrastiva nella prima sezione sarà seguita, nella seconda sezione, dalla descrizione dei due tipi di analisi effettuata su due livelli (la struttura testuale e le parole usate), e si concluderà nella terza sezione con la presentazione dei contributi di questo volume.
Emozioni in norvegese e in italiano: analisi linguistica delle favole di H.C. Andersen
Authors: Anvik Anne Flaen
Published: September 2020

How are emotions are expressed in Italian and in Norwegian? What are the reasons that cause people to consider Italian a more emotive language compared to the Germanic languages? To answer these questions, two translations of Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tales are analyzed: “The Emperor’s New Clothes” (Il vestito nuovo dell’Imperatore / Keiserens nye klær) and “The Ugly Duckling” (Il brutto anitroccolo / Den stygge andungen). The analysis focuses on interjections and verbs of speech. In the Italian translations, more interjections are used and the verbs of speech are more expressive (in particular, esclamare ‘to exclaim’). In the Norwegian translations, interjections are rare, sometimes different constructions are used instead, and the verbs are often more neutral (in particular, å si ‘to say’).
Problemi di traduzione di due romanzi italiani in norvegese: tra la lingua e il dialetto
Authors: Thull Pernille
Published: September 2020

This article linguistically analyzes how the Sicilian dialect is used in conjunction with Italian in the books Il cane di terracotta (The Terracotta Dog) by Andrea Camilleri and La Mennulara (The Almond Picker) by Simonetta Agnello Hornby. The analysis considers how the dialect is represented at various levels: phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and lexical. In addition, the Norwegian translations of these books are also analyzed: Terrakottahunden, translated by Jon Rognlien, and Mandelplukkersken by Tommy Watz, respectively. It focuses on how the translators solved the challenge of the original books’ text alternating between Italian and Sicilian dialect. The translators’ account of their choices is presented following each analysis.
La retorica politica contemporanea: analisi dei discorsi di Berlusconi e di Stoltenberg
Authors: Viggen Marit
Published: September 2020

This study compares the political discourses of Silvio Berlusconi and Jens Stoltenberg. These two politicians represent different political ideologies and belong to two different countries—and, hence, to different cultures. However, both of them were in power for a long time and almost in the same historical period. What kinds of differences and similarities can be found in the language used in their discourses when talking to people? Three discourses produced by each politician under similar circumstances are analyzed. This paper focuses on the lexical items used in the discourses, describing them from a quantitative (frequency) and qualitative point of view. The differences in the use of metaphors is explained by affiliation to two different cultures, whereas the lexical choice is often based on linguistic and individual properties.
The phone makes us scream: corpus study of English and Russian
Authors: Kuznetsova Julia
Published: September 2020

This study explores English and Russian speech verbs with phone prepositional phrases (PPs). It investigates two hypotheses: 1) A phone PP produces an independent construction and 2) A phone PP can be freely added to any speech verb. Two constructions in English and two constructions in Russian are used as the material for the analysis. In both languages I explore a neutral phone construction and compare it with a construction meaning ‘speak into the phone’. I present a new method – statistical profiling, that explores which words occur in a slot of a construction most frequently and how that frequency list for a slot is changed if another slot is filled. This paper shows that English on the phone phrase can freely be added to any speech and sound verb, while other phone PPs produce different phone constructions.
The semantics of the BCS and Bulgarian motion verbs ‘doći’ and ‘dojda’ - ‘to come, arrive’: a contrastive corpus-based study
Authors: Saric Ljiljana , Tchizmarova Ivelina
Published: September 2020

The verbs ‘doći’ in Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian (= BCS) and ‘dojda’ in Bulgarian (= Blg.) are among the most frequent motion verbs. They are used in both concrete contexts (of human motion and motion of various objects) and metaphorical contexts in which features of concrete motion are transferred into abstract domains. A semantic examination of such verbs may reveal tendencies related to universal and language-specific meaning extensions of motion verbs. Our contrastive semantic study is based on a small parallel corpus of BCS literary texts and their Blg. translations. We examine contexts in which BCS doći relates to Bulgarian ‘dojda’, and those in which BCS ‘doći’ relates to other Bulgarian verbs or phrases (implying either spatial notions such as ‘go out’, ‘go down’, ‘return’, ‘come nearer’, and ‘appear’, or some non-spatial notions such as ‘take a deep breath’, ‘come to one’s senses’, etc.). Our questions are: What are the differences in the semantic networks of these two seemingly very similar verbs in very closely related languages? In which situations with concrete and abstract motion are ‘doći’ and ‘dojda’ “perfect matches”, and in which ones are they less perfect matches? Which metaphorical extensions are common, and which are limited to one language only, and how can this be explained? What facts about verbal (near-)synonymy does a parallel corpus study reveal?
Reported speech in Russian and Italian: verbs of speech and particles
Authors: Khachaturyan Elizaveta
Published: September 2020

The present paper describes a well-known phenomenon: Languages without a special grammatical category to transmit reported speech often do so by lexical means. The analysis focuses on the Russian particles `mol’ and `deskat'’ – formed from the Old Russian verbs of speech – and their Italian correspondences. Using the semantico-contextual approach, the description offered here helps to formulate the semantics of the two particles and to find their contextual correspondences in Italian.
Space and metaphor in verbs prefixed with od-/ot- ‘from’ in Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian and Bulgarian
Authors: Šarić Ljiljana , Tchizmarova Ivelina
Published: September 2020

This article analyzes Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS) and Bulgarian (Blg.) verbs prefixed with od /ot- ‘(away) from’ from a cognitive linguistics perspective, focusing on spatial meaning extensions into non-spatial domains, as well as similarities and differences between the languages in question. The prototypical sense of these verbs involves a path and can be presented as a trajector (TR) moving away from a landmark (LM), often a LM-boundary. This from schema is illustrated by BCS/Blg. otići/otida ‘go (away)’ and odalečiti se/otdaleča se ‘go/move away’. Most non-spatial meanings of od /ot- verbs are derived by applying the idea of movement through space or a spatial path to a metaphorical or figurative movement/path—for example, BCS/Blg. odustati od/otkaža se ot ‘refuse, give up’ and odskakati od (impf.) /otliča se ot ‘stand out, be different from’—in which the verbs often co-occur with the prepositions od/ot. Our analysis shows that the various meanings of verbs with od /ot- are not random collections of senses, but form semantic networks with systematic and partially predictable associations of abstract ideas and spatial locations.
Corrective Contrast in Russian, in Contrast
Authors: Jasinskaja Katja
Published: September 2020

In many languages markers of contrast, such as the English 'but', are also used to express correction:

John didn't go to Paris, but to Berlin.

The present paper tries to explain this cross-linguistic pattern and represents correction as a special case of contrast. It focuses on the Russian contrastive conjunction 'a' and argues

that its corrective uses in combination with negation 'ne ... a' / 'a ne', which are traditionally viewed as a fixed collocation, are in fact co-occurrences of a general contrastive 'a' with constituent negation.
Metall i bunn og grunn. Metallutvinning i Oslo, ca 1150-1250 e. Kr.
Authors: Kristoffersen Astrid
Published: September 2020

Summary. It has been doubted whether people in peripheral Norwaywere able to master the technique of extracting metal fromsolid rock, prior to the Late Middle Ages, when Germanminers prospected and explored ore deposits. This papersheds light on metallurgists working in the medieval Oldtown of Oslo, their access to local raw materials, andtheir metallurgical expertise and abilities. It is argued thatpeople living in Oslo had access to the rock mineral galena(PbS), and that by AD 1150–1200, at the latest, they hadthe technology to produce lead. It can be contended thatmetallurgical activities took place in two different areas ofthe town. The study also indicates that local lead was incirculation simultaneously as lead from foreign sources,which may have provided new opportunities for actors in thetown. While the lead was used to produce so-called everydayproducts, indications of serial production of spinning whorls,exceeding that of a normal household, could have beenconnected to a specialized industry for shoe production.Furthermore, this paper demonstrates how with crossdisciplinarymethods, new information can be gathered fromold treasures.
Metallsøkerfunn som grunnlag for kunnskap og vern. En case-studie fra Sunndal – et knutepunkt i jernalder og middelalder.
Authors: Dahle Kristoffer , Vemmestad Carl Fredrik , Stavik Jarle
Published: September 2020

In recent years we have seen a marked rise in private metal detecting in Møre og Romsdal, especially in Sunndal where numerous finds have been delivered to the county archaeologists. In this article, we aim to study these metal finds and look closer at what new potential knowledge of trade, meeting places and farm settlements dating from the Viking Age to the medieval period are implied. We have also discussed the relationship between the artefacts found by metal detectorists and the associated structures found beneath the topsoil, and if these items indicate or represent automatically protected heritage sites. Despite numerous detector finds from the Viking Age/medieval period, there is a scarcity of structures from this period. Hence, such items cannot automatically be assumed to indicate that structures and sites are located in close vicinity, beneath the topsoil. Instead the focus of study should be on the potential represented by the artefacts themselves, and how the concentrated find-spots could represent automatically protected sites. We have therefore suggested a new set of criteria based on grouped concentrations of artefacts with broadly similar dating and functions to try to detect, limit, interpret and understand such sites, and suggest a base model for further management.
Morgengry over vikingenes tid. Anmeldelse av utstillingen VÍKINGR, Kulturhistorisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo
Authors: Brenna Brita
Published: September 2020

Anmeldelse av utstilling
Att skapa åtgärder för att minska järnvägssjälvmord - er det möjligt?
Authors: Rådbo Helena
Published: September 2020

Själmord inom järnvägstrafik är orsaken till ca 75 % av alla personpåkörningar med dödlig utgång i Sverige. Detta drabbar samhället på flera sätt, offret som brottats med självmordstankar som till slut leder till handling, anhöriga och/eller andra personer i offrets närhet, likaså utgör självmord ett betydande problem för järnvägssektorn med stora förseningar som påverkar både resenärer, operatörer och spårförvaltare. Frågan är om dessa personpåkörningar kan förebyggas; är det möjligt att göra begränsningar i miljön för att göra det svårare att utnyttja järnvägen som en självmordsmetod? Prevention av järnvägssjälvmord har utvecklats i några svenska artiklar som presenteras här och dessa jämförs även med andra internationella vetenskapliga studier. Forskningen visar att det finns strategier för att skapa preventionsåtgärder som både försöker reducera attraktiviteten i metoden och som reducerar dödligheten. I aktuell sammanställning förs en diskussion kring ett antal möjliga åtgärder som systemägaren inom järnvägssektorn själva kan förfoga över. En konklusion är att det finns ett antal åtgärder som kan användas och utvecklas inom järnvägens ordinarie säkerhetsarbete. Suicides constitute about 75% of all deaths in person-train collisions in Sweden. Besides the tragedy directly related to the victim, these events inflict severe trauma among relatives, professionals and others involved. The capacity of the rail transport system to operate timely and effectively is also hampered. Are these accidents preventable? Is it possible to take actions that make it more difficult to use the railway as a means to commit suicide? Railway suicide prevention has been developed in some Swedish articles and is also compared to other international research in this study. These articles summarize the results in the form of alternative preventative strategies, ranging from measures reducing the attractiveness of railway as a means of suicide to lethality reducing measures. Thus, the research demonstrates a number of potentially available strategies in the hands of the systems-owner. The most significant conclusion, therefore, is that suicide prevention should be seen as an integrated part of regular railway safety work.
Irrational thinking in suicidal individuals: a general or a specific deficit?
Authors: Lester David
Published: September 2020

Theories of the irrational thinking in suicidal individual are reviewed, and a battery of inventories was given to a nonclinical sample of students to explore whether there is a general tendency to think irrationally on all measures. Scores on tests of hopelessness, helplessness, defeat, entrapment, self-esteem, burdensomeness, perseverative thinking, rumination and thinking that one is an impostor were all strongly intercorreated and associated with depression scores and past suicidal ideation, indicating that irrational thinking in suicidal individuals is a general deficit. Teorier om irrasjonell tenkning blir først gjennomgått. Artikkelen redegjør for en undersøkelse der en gruppe studenter ble bedt om å fylle ut et sett med spørreskjemaer, for å undersøke om det er en generell tendens til å tenke irrasjonelt. Skårer for håpløshet, hjelpeløshet, opplevelse av nederlag, å føle seg fanget, selvfølelse, følelse av å være til bry, persevererende tenkning, grubling og tanker om at man er en bedrager var alle sterkt interkorrelert og hang sammen med skårer på depresjon og tidligere selvmordstanker – noe som indikerer at irrasjonell tenkning hos suicidale personer er en generell sårbarhetsfaktor.
Spezifizierte Informationspflichten
Authors: Stukenbrock Hanna
Published: September 2020

Der europäische Gesetzgeber führt seit langer Zeit und in großer Anzahl spezifizierte Informationspflichten ein. Mit diesen lässt sich scheinbar einfach erreichen, dass die Konsumenten Angebote vergleichen und vertragliche Pflichten erfassen können.

Zugleich sind spezifizierte Informationspflichten immer wieder heftiger juristischer Kritik ausgesetzt. Kernpunkt der Kritik: Die Informationspflichten gelten als so ausufernd, dass sie ihren Zweck verfehlen. Viele Vertragstypen sind mit einem ganzen Katalog von gesetzlich angeordneten Informationen verbunden.

Die Autorin analysiert das Instrument der spezifizierten Informationspflicht und schlägt verschiedene Maßnahmen zur Fortentwicklung der Normen vor.
Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch Allgemeiner Teil
Authors: Faust Florian
Published: September 2020

Das Lehrbuch konzentriert sich auf die Kernbereiche der Rechtsgeschäftslehre: Willenserklärungen, Vertragsschluss, Rechts- und Geschäftsfähigkeit, Nichtigkeit von Rechtsgeschäften, Willensmängel, Boten und Stellvertreter. Es wendet sich damit zum einen an Studienanfänger, denen auf leicht verständliche Weise der für sie relevante Stoff aus dem Allgemeinen Teil des BGB vermittelt wird. Zum anderen ist das Buch auch für Studierende höherer Semester geeignet, die schnell die wichtigsten und „klausurträchtigsten“ Themen wiederholen wollen. Speziell für sie finden sich Hinweise auf Probleme, die im Zusammenspiel von Allgemeinem Teil sowie Schuld- und Sachenrecht auftreten. Viele Beispiele, Hinweise auf häufige Fehler und Tipps für richtige Formulierungen erleichtern das Verständnis und helfen bei der Prüfungsvorbereitung.

Florian Faust ist Professor an der Bucerius Law School. Er hält ständig Lehrveranstaltungen im Allgemeinen Teil des BGB sowohl für Studienanfänger als auch für mittlere Semester und Examenskandidaten.

Viele Hinweise von Teilnehmern an diesen Veranstaltungen sind in das Buch eingeflossen.
Sales and Conformity of Goods: A Legal Discourse
Authors: Roland Djieufack
Published: September 2020

This chapter is primarily concerned with the fact that the concept of conformity is dynamic and amorphous as it is recognised as an impetus to economic development and plays a major role in matters of sale of goods within an economy. In making an assessment of the seller’s duty of conformity to a contract of sale of goods as governed by the OHADA Uniform Act on General Commercial Law, this study argues that the concept of conformity is limited rather than broad that should appropriately encapsulate the physical and non-physical things that could form the object of a contract of sale. It therefore explores other aspects that could be considered as part of the ‘goods’ for the purposes of the conformance duty in establishing the limits of the seller’s liability. Thus, adopting an empirical and in-depth analysis of primary and secondary data, this study therefore holds that the question of conformity of goods can conveniently be addressed from a number of different angles: contract law, consumer patterns, local and international standards, and the principles of caveat venditor and caveat emptor.
Psychosomatic Medicine and Palliative Care
Authors: Mejías-Estévez Manuel , Dominguez Álvarez Rocio , Jauregi Lobera Ignacio
Published: September 2020

Psychosomatic medicine (MP) and palliative care are disciplines with history and both are based in the scientific world. Although the psychosomatic diagnosis is exclusionary, it can help palliative care to be more effective. The influence of the psychosomatic in the palliative exists. According to all the bibliography available in the electronic databases, psychosomatic medicine is a biopsychosocial model related to both physical and psychosocial factors, which helps improve the care of patients with advanced cancer in palliative care (improved survival, quality of life, reduces the burden on caregivers). It helps analyze and address psychiatric disorders, as well as in the control of complex symptoms such as life-threatening anxiety, depression or delirium. Therefore, both medical disciplines are related from the beginning and help to the quality of life of terminally ill patients.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Polymer Nanocomposites Infused with Sonochemically Coated SiC/SiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Rangari Vijaya , Davis James
Published: September 2020

This chapter describes the coating of silicon carbide nanoparticles on different types of silicon dioxide that varied in size and shape using sonochemical method. These composite particles were further infused into polypropylene polymer to increase its thermal and mechanical properties for various applications. A two-step process was used to fabricate SiC/SiO2/polypropylene nanocomposites. In the first step, SiC nanoparticles were coated onto four different types of SiO2 nanoparticles. The coated nanoparticles were then characterized using a high resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) determined the morphology and crystalline structure, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These results showed that the nanoparticles were crystalline, spherical in shape, and were uniformly coated. In the second step, nanocomposite samples were extruded using a Wayne Yellow Label Top single screw extruder. The as prepared nanocomposite samples were then characterized for their thermal and mechanical properties. These properties show increase in their flexural strength and thermal degradation. These results show increase in mechanical properties. The importance of this work lies in the simple sonochemical synthesis of SiC/SiO2 hybrid nanomaterials and their filler applications in polypropylene polymer nanocomposites which are widely used for various application including automotive and electronic industries.
De donzela à cortesã: a mulher em Lucíola
Authors: Cavalcante Higor Miranda , Oliveira Valdeci Batista de Melo
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo visa analisar alguns aspectos da poética que performam o romance Lucíola (1862), obra romântica de ficção urbana de José de Alencar. O que no texto se considera é a figuração que o romance faz da cortesã na sociedade carioca do século XIX e os valores defendidos pelos personagens, dentro do Romantismo. É essa convenção estética que norteia a produção da obra, cujo fio condutor se centra no discurso, nas ações e no retrato físico e psicológico da personagem central: Lucíola. Essa protagonista, ao início sendo a púbere Maria da Glória, depois decaída na perdição como Lúcia-Lúcifer e, enfim, é apresentada a sua redenção para a boa Maria Lúcia, angélica. A ambiência social de frequentação das personagens é o mundo urbano da corte do Rio de Janeiro, do século XIX, na mais pura expressão do atavismo provinciano e suas idiossincrasias, seus valores e suas figuras do patriarcado.
Apresentação
Authors: Abreu Denise Borille de , Coelho Luiz Henrique , Lemos Marcela de Oliveira e Silva , Jaeckel Volker
Published: September 2020

No presente dossiê, elaborado por professores e pesquisadores do Grupo de Estudos de Guerra e Literatura (NEGUE), da Faculdade de Letras da UFMG, são estudadas, primeiramente, as várias mudanças trazidas pela Primeira Guerra e como elas contribuíram para pautar o que é conhecido hoje em dia por modernidade.
"The glorious fruit of our land": a Grande Guerra em Let England shake, de PJ Harvey
Authors: Machado José Otaviano da Mata
Published: September 2020

Let England Shake, álbum conceitual de PJ Harvey de 2001, e a coletânea de curta-metragens homônima dirigida por Seamus Murphy em colaboração com a cantora, consistem em um exemplo contemporâneo de narrativa de guerra. As letras do álbum se concentram principalmente – mas não exclusivamente – na Primeira Guerra Mundial, especialmente na campanha de Galipoli, enquanto o filme de Murphy aborda os recentes conflitos no Oriente Médio. Este artigo evidencia como a imagem da guerra em Let England Shake é esteticamente construída tanto em canção quanto em imagens, apoiado pelas teorias de literatura de guerra – especialmente de Samuel Hynes – e por debates acerca da (est)ética da representação da violência.
Apresentação
Authors: Souza Marcelo Paiva de , Salgueiro Wilberth Claython Ferreira , Sarmento-Pantoja Augusto
Published: September 2020

As catástrofes que marcaram o século XX e os testemunhos delas nascidos desafiam ainda o tempo de agora, quando a Violência de Estado e o Terrorismo, por exemplo, continuam desafiando a continuidade do Humano. Essas experiências do absurdo – Shoah, ditaduras latinoamericanas, guerras civis africanas, conflitos étnicos no Oriente – têm produzido uma memória da dor que afeta de modo sintomático os sujeitos e suas formas de afetividade, de subjetivação. Toda a escalada de Violência global que já se estende por mais de um século tem motivado o aparecimento de Testemunhos escritos por quem sobreviveu ou presenciou as catástrofes.
ÍCARO - Apresentação
Authors: Ourique João Luis Pereira , Rocha Virgínea Novack Santos da
Published: September 2020

Essa publicação não surge de uma só vez, nela não serão encontrados textos resultantes de um único evento, ou mesmo dentro de uma mesma temática, mas aqui, por outro lado, estão presentes trabalhos de anos de pesquisa, dos mais variados temas, realizados por diversos pesquisadores, desde a iniciação cientifica, durante a graduação, mestrandos e doutorandos em seus respectivos programas de pós-graduação além dos professores de Instituições de Ensino Superior cadastrados junto ao Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa do CNPq.
Alonso e Quixote no paradigma da loucura: a história e a ficção
Authors: Cavadas Elenyr , Silva Aline Coelho da
Published: September 2020

Uma paródia às histórias cavalheirescas de sua época (séc. XVII), Don Quijote de La Mancha (1605/1615), de Cervantes, apresenta uma ruptura na representação dos livros de cavalaria. Por mais de quatro séculos, a grandiosa utopia quixotesca vem sendo analisada em suas diferentes peculiaridades. Toda essa riqueza literária possibilita, até hoje, diversas vias de análise e reflexão. Autor, obra, personagens e, principalmente, o tema “loucura” são pontos intrigantes às críticas e análises literárias, àsreleituras e intertextualidades. No decorrer dos séculos, a loucura foi conceituada dentre os mais distintos aspectos, entretanto, todos eles tiveram como ponto comum a exclusão social. Visando entender o contexto sob o qual se deu a criação de Cervantes, buscou-se retomar, através dos estudos de Foucault (1997), as diferentes formas com que a sociedade, entre os séculos XV e XVII, concebia e tratava a loucura.É em meio a esse contexto que Cervantes, no início do século XVII, escreve “Don Quixote de La Mancha”. O romance traz como tema central a loucura das utópicas aventuras de um Cavaleiro andante, herói que surgiu do imaginário literário do nobre fidalgo Alonso que, de pouco dormir e muito ler histórias de cavalaria, perdeu o juízo e personificou a Quixote. Nessa relação, os personagens se entrelaçam e se confundem. Precisar a fronteira entre Alonso e Quixote, ou até mesmo onde ambos se mesclam e interagem em cumplicidade, continua sendo uma tarefa com inúmeras possibilidades de reflexão. Com o intuito de traçar um paralelo entre ficção e realidade sobre a criação literária de Alonso e Quixote, buscou-se ainda investigar o trabalho de Huarte de San Juan, no qual Szirko (1996) afirma ser “notória a influência de Huarte na elaboração do perfil psicológico do fidalgo”. Embasada nessa contextura histórico-social, a presente pesquisa aborda as análises críticas literárias dos autores Auerbach (1946), Bloom (1994), Buxó (2008) e Unamuno (apud Harold Bloom, 1994), sobre as questões que envolvem tanto a loucura como a relação de coexistência entre esses personagens protagonistas.
As sombras da violência em El prisionero de Augusto Roa Bastos
Authors: Morosino Juliana Terra
Published: September 2020

O propósito deste trabalho é refletir a respeito da violência e suas consequências oriundas de um conflito bélico no Paraguai do final dos anos 1940, apresentadas através da ficção no conto El prisionero (1953) de Augusto Roa Bastos. O artigo está composto por duas subdivisões fundamentais: inicialmente abordará uma análise da narrativa ficcional articulada com uma leitura crítico-teórica da estrutura social paraguaia do século XX, atentando para as relações humanas e familiares em conflito ideológico sobre o momento histórico retratado. A segunda seção dá ênfase a questão da guerra e da violência partindo dos pressupostos teóricos relativos à teoria crítica da sociedade, que aborda particularidades do evento histórico relatado e de sua configuração na narrativa ficcional de Roa Bastos.
As representações da memória em A filha do escritor de Gustavo Bernardo
Authors: Umbach Rosani Úrsula Ketzer , Yokoyama Adriana
Published: September 2020

O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o romance A filha do escritor (2008), de Gustavo Bernardo, sob a ótica dos estudos psíquicos e memorialísticos entrelaçados no contexto ficcional da obra. Essa abordagem traz à tona a representação da memória sob uma análise psíquica, acerca de alguns aspectos inerentes aos distúrbios neurológicos por manter relação direta com a obra. A pesquisa cerca-se de conceitos e representações da memória, que vão concretizar a importância deste fenômeno como elemento fundamental na constituição da obra. Os estudos de Terry Eagleton, Aleida Assmann e Alfredo Garcia-Roza, no que diz respeito às teorias freudianas, irão constituir mais especificamente a base teórica de nossa pesquisa.
A Primeira Guerra no romance picaresco de Hans Herbert Grimm Schlump
Authors: Pereira Valéria Sabrina
Published: September 2020

Schlump (1928) relata as aventuras de um soldado durante a Primeira Guerra. Apesar de forte divulgação, Schlump teve uma recepção pobre. Em 1933, a obra foi queimada e proibida pelos nazistas. Após décadas de esquecimento, o crítico literário Volker Weidermann lançou, em 2008, um livro sobre a Queima de Livros que deu início ao processo de recuperação da obra e lhe concedeu e uma nova chance de recepção. Schlump foi relançado por ocasião do centenário da Primeira Guerra, e gozou de uma recepção positiva da crítica – marcada por um evidente desejo de compensação por sua história no Nazismo. Uma leitura mais atenta, contudo, revela uma atitude mais leviana do que pacifista, em uma narrativa que é incapaz de entregar o olhar crítico que suas elogiosas resenhas prometem, como será apresentado neste artigo.
Livre, nasce o livro: reflexões sobre a ficcionalidade da memória da barbárie a partir de Uma menina está perdida no seu século à procura do pai, de Gonçalo M. Tavares
Authors: Von Krüger Constance
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de articular argumentação teórica sobre memória e ficção a partir de elementos comumente elencados no pós-guerra. O escopo teórico, em linhas gerais, parte da conceituação de catástrofe, para Walter Benjamin; da aporia fundamental sobre a feitura de poesia após Auschwitz, de Theodor Adorno; e da potência do ineditismo como forma de resistência, por Hannah Arendt. Para fim de comprovação da articulação teórica, reconhece-se a memória da barbárie como potência ética e estética nos dias contemporâneos, o que pode ser verificado pelo exemplo literário nesse artigo elegido: o romance Uma menina está perdida no seu século à procura do pai (2015), do autor português Gonçalo M. Tavares.
Collective Memory and Cultural Trauma in Female-Authored African American Life Narratives
Authors: Santos Gontijo Michelle , Burns Thomas LaBorie
Published: September 2020

This study examines the relationship between collective memory and slavery as a cultural trauma in female-authored African American life narratives in the earlier decades of the development of this tradition in African American literature. The literary corpus focuses on Harriet Jacobs’ slave narrative, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) and Susie King Taylor’s Civil War account, Reminiscences of My Life in Camp with the 33d United States Colored Troops Late 1st S. C. (1902). Both texts reveal African American women’s underground memories (POLLAK, 1989) of antebellum period and the period of the American Civil War that challenge the national memory and American history-writing.