bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
वासु शशीको नाट्यकारिता (Dramatization in the Works by Vasu Sashi)
Authors: खतिवडा Khatiwada गोपीकृष्ण Gopikrishna
Published: August 2023

प्रस्तुत लेख आधुनिक नेपाली नाटक परम्पराका विशिष्ट प्रतिभा वासु शशी (१९९३ — २०४९) सँग सम्बन्धित छ । विधागत लेखनका दृष्टिले शशी मूलतः कविता र नाट्य विधामा बढी सक्रिय देखा पर्दछन् । वासु शशी २००७÷२००८ सालदेखि नेवारी नाट्यक्षेत्रमा प्रवेश गरे पनि २०२३ सालपछि नेपाली नाट्यविधातर्फ आकर्षित भएको प्रमाण तीन नाटक (नाटक सङ्ग्रह २०२४) बाट पाइन्छ । बाँसुरीमा नअटाएका धुनहरू (२०४२), उपहार  (२०५१), वासु शशीका नाटक (२०५९) र बुद्ध  (२०६६) शशीका प्रकाशित मौलिक नेपाली नाटक हुन् । वासु शशीका नाटक (२०५९) नामक नाटक सङ्ग्रहमा माया, ॐ नमः शिवाय, सुखको खोजीमा, बिर्सन नसकिने मान्छे, सच्याउन नसकिने गल्ती, आमा कहिल्यै मर्दिन, उपहार र तरबार नाटक सङ्कलित छन् । शशीका पूर्वाद्र्ध चरणका नाटकहरूले मूलतः व्यक्तिविशेषका जीवनीसँग सम्बन्धित व्यक्तिगत एवम् पारिवारिक घटनालाई प्रस्तुत गरेका छन् भने उत्तराद्र्धका नाटकहरूमा सामाजिक समस्याले प्रधानता पाएका छन् । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन वासु शशीको नाट्यकारिता शीर्षकमा तयार गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा वासु शशीको नाट्यकारिता केकस्तो छ भन्ने समस्यालाई लिइएको छ । यसअनुसार ती समस्याको समाधान गर्नुलाई यस लेखको उद्देश्य बनाइएको छ । यसका लागि प्राथमिक स्रोतअन्तर्गत शशीका नाटकहरूलाई गुणात्मक सोद्देश्य नमुना छनोट विधिमा लिई  विश्लेषणका लागि सूक्ष्म पठन र समालोचनात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । अन्तमा शशीलाई रिमाल र मल्लद्वयका समस्यामूलकता, मनोविज्ञान, यथार्थवाद िप्रवृत्ति र संवादकलाबाट प्रभावित भएर पनि चलचित्रोन्मुख नाट्यकारिता उनको मौलिकता भएको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
(This article is related to Vasu Shashi (1993-2049), a unique talent of modern Nepali drama tradition. From the point of view of genre writing, Shashi appears to be more active in poetry and drama. Although Vasu Shashi entered the Newari theater scene from 2007-2008, the proof that he was attracted to Nepali theater after 2023 is found in 'Three Dramas' (a collection of Drama- 2024). The original Nepali plays published by Shashi are ' Bansurima Naataeka Dhunharu' (2042), Uphaar (2051), 'Vasu Shashika Natak' (2059) and 'Buddha' (2066). 'Vasu Shashika Natak' (2059) is a collection of dramas such as Maya, Om Namah Shivaay, Sukhako Khojima, Birsana Nasakine Manchhe, Sachyauna Nasakine Galti, Aama Kahilyai Mardina, Upahar, and Tarabar. The earlier dramas by Shashi basically presented personal and family events related to the biography of a particular person, while  in the later dramas, social problems were given priority. The present study has been prepared under the title Dramatization in the Works by Vasu Sashi. In this article, the issue of Vasu Sashi's dramatization has been taken up. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to solve those issues. For this, under the primary source, Sashi's dramas have been taken using qualitative purposeful sample selection method; and critical reading and analytical methods have been used for analysis. In the end, even though Shashi was influenced by Rimal's and Malla's problematism, psychology, realism tendency and dialogue skills; it has been concluded that his originality is film-oriented dramatization.)
Turtle-Based Ecotourism in the Betana Wetland of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Ramchandra , Basnet Rusu , Bista Birendra Bahadur
Published: August 2023

This paper attempts to analyze turtle-based ecotourism in the Betana wetland of Koshi Province, eastern Nepal. Betana is considered a nature tourism area and tourists are enjoying undeveloped natural areas of wildlife while ecotourism is a form of tourism that involved responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people. Nowadays, both nature tourism and ecotourism is considered the inseparable pillar of the economic development of many developing countries, like Nepal. This paper is based on primary sources of data. Data were collected from field observation, questionnaire survey, interviews, and focus group discussions. The findings reveal that Betana Wetland is located accessible area of the East-West highway in Belbari Municipality of Morang district. The ideal condition of the wetland provides a natural habitat for turtle species. A large number of tourists visit day-by-day enjoying a good habitat of turtles. The figure indicates a total of 122100  (75.23%) tourists visited the Betana wetland to watch turtles in  2017. Indeed it was 75.57 percent in 2016. The calculated F= 20.887, P value = 3.88, and F crit= 2.717 indicates that there is a close association between the patterns and the number of tourists visiting this area in different months in 2016 and 2017. The paper concludes that a visitor spent about 2.81 hours in the Betana wetland and an hour watching and playing with turtles (68.46%) for feeding, watching (9.17%), teasing (10.85%), and trying to capture (5.84%). This paper suggests that specific attention should be given to the conservation of the Betana wetland for establishing a spot of the turtle based-tourism.
Challenges of Technology Integration in Teacher Education Programmes in Bangladeshi Tertiary Institutions
Authors: Hossain Ghazi Shahadat
Published: August 2023

Technology integration has considerably affected teaching and learning cultures and resulted in revolutionary changes to worldwide pedagogical practices. For numerous reasons, including a lack of experience, policy, planning, infrastructure, and the environment, many educational institutions have not been able to gain the greatest benefits from technology. This study, seen through the lens of Activity Theory, reports the challenges of technology integration in the teacher education programs of tertiary institutions of Bangladesh. It has employed an interpretative qualitative research design for data elicitation and data analysis. Seven written reflection papers on the barriers of technology integration from both male and female teacher educators working in various private public universities were collected. The findings reveal that a variety of issues such as lack of tech-tools, devices, training and related expertise, administrative support, electricity, technology-equipped classrooms, attitudes of teachers and students, gap between theory and practice hinder teacher educators’ effective integration of technology in pedagogical practice of teacher education programs in Bangladesh. The findings can have implications for policy makers, curriculum designers, and other stakeholders with similar or different educational contexts.
English Language Teaching in Multilevel Classrooms: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Banstola Pitri Raj
Published: August 2023

ELT classes in the schools of Nepal greatly vary in terms of number of the students in classroom. Large classes become multilevel and can have both challenges and opportunities for English language teachers. Therefore, this paper aims at exploring the challenges and opportunities of teaching English in large multilevel classes. Selecting five classes from five different schools in Pokhara city purposively, I observed ELT classes and interviewed the English language teachers to collect information. It has been found that teaching English in large multilevel classes is challenging though it has brought opportunities for English teachers. Engaging students in the lessons, correcting huge amounts of written work, evaluating students and keeping their records, paying equal attention to all the students and getting the quiet students active are the challenges. However, having enough students for interaction and collecting new experiences from the large classes to develop professional competence are opportunities for English teachers.
Manifestation of Sexist Ideology in Nepali Folk Songs
Authors: Niroula Dhundi Raj
Published: August 2023

The objective of this research article is to examine and analyse the representative folk songs intonated by two Nepalese vocal maestros, Kumar Basnet and Ram Thapa. Feministic theoretical approach has been used to expose how patriarchal ideology belittles women as inferior sex. For that purpose, the perspective of sexist ideology has been employed. Thirteen different songs are taken as the primary texts in this research. Definitely, a number of researches have been carried out on Nepali folk songs by the foreign as well as home scholars basically from the descriptive approach. Aesthetic perspective has been widely used employing the literary parameters of simile, metaphor, symbol and the like. However, the critical analysis of the rustic folk songs from the perspective of sexist ideology is virtually sporadic and in the low ebb. This research tends to seek answers to the three prominent questions. Firstly, what sexist ideology means. Secondly, why pernicious images that are unfriendly to women reoccur in these folk songs. Thirdly, how the selected songs of these two folk maestros manifest sexism based on men/women dichotomy of the patriarchal social regime.
Workings of Cyborg: Bridging Humans and Machines in The Matrix
Authors: Dahal Madhav Prasad
Published: August 2023

Machines are human-made objects and subservient to humans. However, the simulated world dominated by cyborgs has led the humanity to postmodern fluidity. The cyborg, an artificially intelligent machine works with extra super power either inspired by divinity or satanic impulse. This article studies how The Matrix (1999), a science fiction film, blurs the distinction between human beings and simulated reality. The Wachowskis, the writers and directors, bring fusions between humans and the machines. The film unfolds the dynamics of human–machine interface in which humans ultimately remain subservient to machines. The study interprets the film from the postmodernist perspective concentrating on the ideas of Fredrick Nietzsche, Jean Francois Lyotard and Davis Ashley, who characterize postmodernism as indeterminacy, confusion and absurdity. It reflects on the question whether machines are doing good to humanity. It analyzes the movie from the lens of cinema as a culture industry. Its finding suggests humanity is trapped in a complex chain of simulated reality. The study adds insight on how Cyborgs have blended the material with virtual reality.
Emotional Intensity in Vagabond: Prognosis of an Anti-hero?
Authors: Dewan Motikala Subba
Published: August 2023

Vagabond is a graphic novel that unveils the story of a vagrant using visuals to intensely support dialogues. It provides a glimpse of the protagonist's emotional intensity of having both qualities of vice and virtue. Traditionally, the hero or protagonist is appreciated for good qualities, being brave, noble, strong, helping others, and admired for his achievements and abilities, not for evilness. The protagonist in Vagabond possesses all of the characteristics that have projected him to be a true hero. However, often some critics interpreted him as an anti-hero. This research will try to address the following questions: Why is the protagonist described as a vagabond in the novel? How graphics could be an effective tool for expression? How does the protagonist in Vagabond portray an anti-hero? What is the emotional intensity that contributes to his anti-hero status? This research article aims to answer the above questions and explore the protagonist Shinmen Takezo, a fierce warrior as a vagabond with an anti-hero identity having fiery magnitude fighting like a beast. Furthermore, it examines the changing paradox of beliefs and actions that are supposed to believe in a real hero of postmodernism with the effective use of graphic/visual frameworks.
Morbidity Patterns and Associated Factors among Elderly People: The Case of Sunkoshi Rural Municipality, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Naba Raj , Rai Mahendra Kumar
Published: August 2023

The rapidly increasing elderly population in Nepal is the most significant emerging demographic phenomenon. Multimorbidity is common among the elderly and its prevalence increases with age. This study aims to assess the chronic conditions and the demographic and socioeconomic factors that influence morbidity among the elderly. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Sunkoshi rural municipality of Sindhuli district from December 2021 to January 2022 with 413 elderly people aged 60 and older using a structured questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used for data analysis. About 27% of the elderly suffer from gastritis, followed by high blood pressure (27%), arthritis (24%), asthma (18%), and diabetes (10%). Seventy-seven percent of the elderly reported at least one morbidity and 41% have two or more morbidities. More than one-fifth of elderly people have no morbidity. In the multinominal logistic regression, moderate (RRR=3.31, 95% CI: 1.15-4.63) and poor (RRR=11.91, 95% CI: 1.00-141.83) self-reported health status was significantly associated with one morbidity. A joint family (RRR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.08-3.74), moderate (RRR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.52-6.21) or poor (RRR=32.05, 95% CI: 2.53-405.94) self-reported health status was significantly associated with two or more morbidity. Those aged 80 years or over, those who belonged to the hill Janajati, and those who consumed alcohol were less likely to have multimorbidity. Concerned authorities should consider expanding health services in order to improve the health status of the elderly.
Determinants of Prosperity in Nepal: Analysis of Nepal Living Standard Survey Data 2010/11
Authors: Karki Ram Bahadur
Published: August 2023

To give the answer of whether and to what extent educational and health status determines prosperity, this paper explains the relative effect of prosperity among the level of education and health status as the capability of an individual. The variables are qualitative in nature so the standard statistical methods, chi-square, and logistic regression techniques have been applied to identify the extent to which the factors influence the probability of both households and individuals being prosperous. For this purpose, analyzing the data from Nepal Living Standard Survey (NLSS, 2010/11), I argue that educational achievement as an individual capability is a major determining factor of prosperity rather than other variables. In conclusion, a higher level of education means a higher level of prosperity.
चुनाबमा सोसल मिडियाको प्रयोग र एजेन्डा–सेटिङ
Authors: दाहाल ऋषिकेश
Published: August 2023

सोसल मिडियाको बहुआयामिक उपस्थितिले अन्य क्षेत्रमा जस्तै मिडिया र राजनीतिमा पनि प्रभाव पारेको छ । नेपालमा चुनाबी अभियानका अवधिमा भएका अभ्यासले सञ्चार र राजनीति दुवै क्षेत्रमा ’नयाँ माध्यम’ले बलशाली उपस्थिति देखाइसकेको छ । सोसल मिडियाको उपस्थिति सन् २०१७ मा सम्पन्न स्थानीय तहको निर्वाचनमा पनि देखिएको थियो । तर सन् २०२२ मा आइपुग्दा प्रभाव र पहुँचका हिसाबले राजनीतिक तहबाट एजेन्डा सेट गर्ने हैसियतमा यसको प्रयोग अप्रत्यासित रूपमा बढेको छ । कुनै पनि सन्देशलाई तीव्र गतिमा स्थापित गर्ने क्ष१७७मता सोसल मिडियासँग भएकाले निर्वाचनमा परम्परागत माध्यमप्रतिको निर्भरता कमजोर बन्दैछ । यस अध्ययनमा चुनाबका सन्दर्भमा राजनीतिक दल र तिनका नेताले जारी गरेका सन्देश, विषयवस्तुको विश्लेषण विधिबाट मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ । चुनाब प्रचारको एक महिना अवधिमा फेसबुक, युट्युब र टिकटकमा ‘अपलोड’ सामग्रीको अनुगमन गरिएको हो । त्यसैगरी चुनाबी प्रचारमा सोसल मिडियाको प्रयोगबारे दस्ताबेज अध्ययन पनि गरिएको छ । यसरी अध्ययन गर्दा सन् २०२२ को स्थानीय तह निर्वाचनपूर्वको एक महिनामा सोसल मिडियाबाट नै नेपालका राजनीतिक दलले आफ्ना एजेन्डा स्थापित गर्न प्रयास गरेको पाइयो । वामपन्थी पृष्ठभूमिका नेकपा एमाले र नेकपा माओवादी केन्द्रले व्यक्तिमा आधारित एजेन्डा स्थापित गरिरहँदा नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसले घोषणापत्रमा आधारित मुद्दालाई सोसल मिडियाबाट जनसमक्ष पु¥याउन खोजेको पाइयो । राजनीतिक दलले नयाँ माध्यमको प्रयोग भने पुरातन शैलीमा नै गरेको अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष छ ।
ग्रीष्मको नीलो बतास नियात्रामा मानववाद
Authors: ढुङ्गेल ज्ञानु
Published: August 2023

प्रस्तुत ग्रीष्मको नीलो बतास नियात्रामा मानववाद शीर्षकको अनुसन्धानमूलक लेख नियात्राकार दामोदर पुडासैनी ‘किशोर’को ग्रीष्मको नीलो बतास नियात्रामा मानववादको विश्लेषण गर्नमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । यस लेखमा मानववादी सिद्धान्तको आलोकमा प्रस्तुत नियात्रामा मानवकल्याणको खोजी कसरी गरिएको छ ? ईश्वरीय शक्तिप्रतिको असहमति कसरी प्रकट भएको छ ? र अन्धविश्वासको विरोधको अवस्था कस्तो छ भन्ने प्राज्ञिक समस्याको समाधान खोजिएको छ । मानवलाई प्राथमिकतामा राखेर मानव विरुद्धका यावत् कुराको विरोध गरी मानव र प्रकृतिका बिचमा अन्य नियामक तŒवको उपस्थितिको विरोध गर्ने प्रस्तुत नियात्रा मानववाद प्रयोगका दृष्टिले उत्कृष्ट रचनाका रूपमा रहेको छ । धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक अन्धविश्वासको भुमरीमा विकसित नेपाली सामाजिक धरातललाई मानवमूल्यको महŒव बुझाउन प्रस्तुत नियात्रा सफल भएको छ । मानवका सकारात्मक र नकारात्मक क्रियाकलापको समर्थन र विरोधका माध्यमबाट कर्तव्याकर्तव्यको सन्देशसहित अभौतिक काल्पनिक उडानलाई निषेध गरी यथार्थिक धरातलमा उभ्याउन खोज्नु प्रस्तुत नियात्राको प्राप्ति हो । नेपाली समाज विश्वपरिवेशभन्दा पछाडि पर्नुको कारणका रूपमा मानवलाई तिरस्कार गरेर ईश्वरलाई सर्वशक्तिमान् ठान्नु रहेको छ । संसारको सृष्टि भौतिक र जैविकरूपमा प्राकृतिक तŒवको स्वत संयोजनमा भएको भन्ने विज्ञानसम्मत विचार र यथार्थलाई लत्याएर काल्पनिक ईश्वरको भ्रममा जनमानसलाई अलमल्याएर त्रास र आसको प्रपञ्च निर्माण गरी स्वार्थपूर्ति गर्ने कथित सामाजिक र आर्थिक उच्च वर्गका व्यक्तिको वास्तविकता देखाउनु यस नियात्राको उद्देश्य रहेको कुरालाई प्रस्तुत आलेखले निष्कर्षका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरेको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा सामग्री सङ्कलनका लागि पुस्तकालय विधि र विश्लेषणको ढाँचा गुणात्मक रहेको छ ।
वार्षिक प्रणालीको शोधप्रस्ताव लेखन: अभ्यास, प्रवृत्ति र व्यावहारिक पक्षहरू
Authors: मिश्र नरेन्द्र
Published: August 2023

प्रस्तुत लेख स्नातकोत्तर तहको शोधप्रस्ताव लेखनका सम्बन्धमा आधारित छ । स्नातकोत्तर तहको शोधप्रस्ताव लेखन एक गहन विषय हो । यसका लागि शोधार्थीसँग सैद्धान्तिक र व्यावहारिक ज्ञानका साथै मिहिनेत, लगनशीलता र रूचि पनि त्यतिकै आवश्यक पर्दछ । यस अनुसन्धानको उद्देश्य स्नातकोत्तर तह वार्षिक प्रणाली अन्तर्गतका शोधप्रस्तावको शीर्षक छनौटका शैक्षिक आधारहरू, शोधप्रस्ताव लेखनको विषयगत प्रवृत्ति र सैद्धान्तिक तथा व्यावहारिक पक्षहरूको वर्णन गर्नु रहेको छ । जसका लागि रत्न राज्यलक्ष्मी क्याम्पस समाजशास्त्र तथा मानवशास्त्र विभाग अन्तर्गत वार्षिक प्रणाली अन्तर्गतका शोधार्थीहरूको शोधप्रस्ताव स्वीकृत भई दर्ता भएको अभिलेखलाई आधार मानिएको छ । प्राप्त गरिएका तथ्याङ्कहरूलाई वर्णनात्मक ढाँचाको प्रयोग गरी व्याख्या र विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । निष्कर्षमा, शोधार्थीहरूको शोधपत्रको शीर्षक छनौट, लेखन प्रवृत्ति, समसामयिक विषयवस्तु, तथ्याङ्क उपलब्धता र शोधार्थीको विषयप्रतिको रूचिले निर्धारण गरेको पाइएको छ । नियमित कक्षा कोठामा उपस्थित भएर अध्ययन गर्ने शोधार्थीहरूभन्दा शोधप्रस्ताव लेखनको समयमा मात्रै विभाग र शोधनिर्देशकसँग शैक्षिक परामर्शका लागि सम्पर्कका आउने शोधार्थीहरूमा सैद्धान्तिक विषयवस्तुको ज्ञानमा कमि, प्रशासनिक प्रक्रियामा अन्यौल साथै शैक्षिक निर्देशिका र ढाँचामा आधारित लेखनमा समस्या भएको पाइन्छ ।
Post-Pandemic Informal Employment of Handicrafts Firms in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Adhikari Padma Kumar
Published: August 2023

This study tries to examine the informal economic activities during the post-pandemic period on the basis of primary data analysis. The data were generated during the pre-pandemic period whereas the main attributes of economic activities have been compared to the post-pandemic periods. The labours of informal employment in handicrafts firms in the pre-pandemic period have completed just 6.19 classes of education—unorganized and untrained—termed as unskilled with low production efficiency. Their income was estimated with an average of Rs. 23417.84 per month just to survive workers for family level in the capital city of Kathmandu.The family’s monthly income was highly impacted (1640.965 at p < 1%) by the allocation of average per day working hours (12.66 hrs.) on a family basis. In the lockdown situation, informal workers were unemployed completely—reached poor conditions—returned to their homes all 54 percent of migrated and homeless workers in Kathmandu Valley. However, during the post-pandemic situation, all informal workers in the Valley shifted their occupation from handicrafts to other side wage earners shocked by the lockdown. Informal economic activities in this sector are still facing different challenges of social security, job guarantees, and social networking facilities provided by the government. Their estimated monthly income does not seem to be sufficient due to the present increasing inflationary rate of 8.5 percent. Thus, growing informal economic activities are the cause of the hard lockdown during the pandemic of COVID-19. Similarly, the Ukraine-Russia war and undecided government policies have made the situation further worse.
Panoptic Life in Orwell's Nineteen Eighty Four
Authors: Sharma Pradeep
Published: August 2023

This article discusses panopticon as a controlling mechanism that moulds the conduct of Winston Smith and Julia in George Orwell's political novel 1984. It aims at examining the government tactics; panopticon, that exerts power for controlling and constructing the subjectivity. Taking the reclose to Jeremy Bentham’s penal theory of panopticon, Michel Foucault appropriates his notion of biopolitics to remap how power constitutes the subjectivity of the population. This article probes into the state paradigms that indoctrinates and makes people docile via panopticon in 1984 to subject Julia and Smith to power and their rendering of self-subjection as the political outcasts. Finally, the surveillance telescreen of the Big Brother instantiates to fortify absolute regime leading it to institutionalized punishment and outlawry of Smith and other in Orwellian novel.
Politics in the Representation of Women in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night
Authors: Rai Ram Prasad
Published: August 2023

The major concern of this paper is to study on how women are represented in the comedy Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare. In the drama, the women characters Viola, Olivia and Maria stand as a challenge to the patriarchy in the society. All of them resist the convention that dominates women. They can work equally well independently as males do in everyday life. In fact, they represent the voice for equality between men and women. The drama reflects the social situation in England during the renaissance when consciousness about women’s rights and capability starts growing. The drama shows that women are also courageous, creative and competent if they are given the opportunity. This study is based on qualitative research methodology. So, I as a researcher have consulted various books and journal articles for support. It applies the concept of feminism seeking equality between men and women. This study will be a help for the coming researchers in the area.
मैना गीतिकाव्यमा वर्णविन्यास वक्रता
Authors: कार्की विनोद
Published: August 2023

प्रस्तुत लेखमा लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटाको मैना गीतिकाव्यमा वर्णविन्यास वक्रताको स्थितिलाई कुन किसिमले विश्लेषण गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने प्रमुख जिज्ञासा खडा गरिएको छ । त्यसलाई संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्र अन्तर्गतकुन्तकको वक्रोक्तिवादी सौन्दर्यका छ भेदमध्ये वर्णविन्यास वक्रता पहिलो भेदले मूलतः व्यञ्जन वर्णमा आधारित तथा व्यञ्जनबाट बनेको अक्षरको कवित्वयुक्त अभिव्यक्तिमा हुने आवृत्तिद्वारा चमत्कार उत्पन्न गर्छ भन्ने मान्यतालाई काव्य विवेचनाको आधार बनाइएको छ । यस अध्ययनले समालोचनामा वक्रोक्ति सौन्दर्यको अवस्था पहिचान गर्न सहयोग पुग्नेछ । यस लेखमा पुस्तकालयीय विधिबमोजिम लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटाको मैनागीतिकाव्यलाई प्राथमिक स्रोत सामग्री र वक्रोक्ति चिन्तनसँग सम्बद्ध ज्ञानमूलक समालोचनाहरूलाई द्वितीयक सामग्रीका रूपमा उपयोग गरिएको छ ।विश्लेषण गर्दा निगमनात्मक विधिलाई अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । मैना गीतिकाव्यमा लोग्ने स्वास्नीको बेमेलबाट लोग्नेको हत्या, देवरसँगको यौन सम्बन्ध सार्वजनिक हुने डरले छोरीको समेत हत्यालाई देखाएर देवर भाउजू नरकमा परेको सन्देशसँगै वियोगान्त अवस्थालाई प्रस्तुत गर्ने क्रममा वर्णविन्यास वक्रताको चामत्कारिक प्रयोगले काव्य भाषिक रमणीयता र लय माधुर्यले विशिष्ट छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
अग्निदत्त+अग्निदत्त उपन्यासमा अनुभूतिको संरचना
Authors: सिलवाल हरिप्रसाद
Published: August 2023

प्रस्तुत आलेखमा ध्रुवचन्द्र गौतमद्वारा रचित अग्निदत्त+अग्निदत्त उपन्यासको अनुभूतिको संरचनाका मान्यताबाट विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । अनुभूतिको संरचना साहित्यको समाजशास्त्रीय समालोचना सिद्धान्तको एक महत्वपूर्ण उपागम हो । यसका निम्ति रेमन्ड विलियम्सद्वारा अघि सारिएको साहित्यको समाजशास्त्रअन्तर्गत अनुभूतिको संरचनासम्बन्धी सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारको प्रयोगगरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत आलेखमा उक्त सैद्धान्तिक दृष्टिले अग्निदत्त+अग्निदत्त उपन्यासमा निहित अनुभूतिका संरचनात्मक पक्षहरू के कस्ता छन् भन्ने शोध समस्याको प्राज्ञिक समाधान गर्ने शोधउद्देश्य रहेको छ । यो गुणात्मक शोधपद्धतिमा सम्पन्न गरिएको अनुसन्धानात्मक आलेख हो भने यसमा सिद्धान्तलाई अघि सारेर विश्लेषण गरी त्यसको आधारमा निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । अनुसन्धानात्मक विश्लेषणबाट अग्निदत्त+अग्निदत्त उपन्यासमा विसङ्गतिको बोध, पौराणिक कथन, मिथकीय जिज्ञासा, नैराश्य, आशङ्का, तनाव, पारिवारिक र सामाजिक दबाब, सन्न्यासबोध, भय, संशय जस्ता विशिष्ट अनुभूतिको संरचनाहरू अभिव्यञ्जित भएको सार पाइएको छ ।यस आलेखमा पुस्तकालयीय स्रोतमार्फत प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक प्रकृतिका सामग्रीको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यस आलेखलाई एपिए ढाँचामा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
A tale of wandering T-tube: Complete Duodenal Migration and Successful Retrieval
Authors: Dahal Prajwal , Parajuli Sabina , Dawadi Kapil
Published: August 2023

A 33 years male presented with obstructive jaundice and was diagnosed as chronic cholecystitis with choledochocystolithiasis. The gastroenterology team performed ERCP with sphincterotomy to retrieve stone in common bile duct but failed. Open cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploration was done after few days. T-tube was placed in common bile duct. In the 8th post operative day, tube manipulation was done due to reduced drain output and pain abdomen. We performed T-tube cholangiogram on 12th postoperative day which showed duodenal migration of T tube. The displaced T tube was retrieved using a simple technique.
Hemiatrophy of The Cerebral Hemisphere with Contralateral Cerebellar Atrophy: A Case Report
Authors: Dhakal Prakash , Khadka Hensan , Sharma Suraj
Published: August 2023

Childhood cerebral hemiatrophy is a rare clinical condition. Its causes are numerous, but they can be divided into two categories: congenital and acquired. The congenital type develops intrauterine, whereas the acquired type develops early in life, usually before the age of two. Cerebral hemiatrophy syndromes are characterized by a wide range of neurological symptoms. Childhood epilepsy, mental retardation, and neuropsychiatric disorders are common, whereas movement disorders such as highly asymmetric parkinsonism or hemidystonia, as well as neuropsychiatric problems, have been reported in adults. Here we present a 22-year-old patient who presented with refractory seizure. Imaging findings showed hemiatrophy of the right cerebral hemisphere with left cerebellar atrophy.
A Case Report on Aggressive Breast Cancer
Authors: Rayamajhi Kundana , Ghimire Ram Kumar , Kayastha Bhuwan
Published: August 2023

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER 2) positive breast cancers represent a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype and are associated witha worse prognosis. They tend to be more aggressive with lower survival rates but with  a better prognosis than the triple-negative subtype.
Impact of cryptocurrencies on financial markets
Authors:   College of Economics, Law and Government, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, 279 Nguyen Tri Phuong Street, Ward 5, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nam Nguyen Hoang
Published: August 2023

Cryptocurrency is no longer an unfamiliar concept. With the development of the digital economy, cryptocurrencies have gradually replaced some functions of traditional currencies. This research aims to measure and evaluate the impact of cryptocurrencies on financial markets by considering their effects on exchange rates, gold prices, oil prices, and stock indices. Data for the analysis were collected on a weekly basis from 1 January 2014 to 28 February 2021. The multiple linear regression model was used to examine the relationships in the research model using the statistical analysis software SPSS 22. The research results indicate that cryptocurrencies have an impact on the financial market. Specifically, the research also identified the inverse effect of currency pairs on cryptocurrencies and the interaction between different cryptocurrencies. Consequently, financial market regulators, especially the agency responsible for monitoring the volatility of cryptocurrencies, exchange rates, gold prices, oil prices, and stock indices, have a basis for devising appropriate plans. From this research, managers can implement policies that enhance financial education and communication to help individuals understand the nature of virtual assets, especially cryptocurrencies, while creating motivation towards accepting cryptocurrencies in Vietnam.
Tracing innovation efficiency: Review and bibliometric analysis
Authors:   Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Pham Hien Thu , Nguyen Hoang Giang ,   Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology, 113 Tran Duy Hung Street, Trung Hoa Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Bratanova Alexandra ,   Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Dat Vu Hoang ,   Centre for Analysis and Forecasting, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences,1 Lieu Giai Street, Lieu Giai Ward, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: August 2023

While “innovation efficiency” has become widespread and intuitive to many over the past few decades, its definition, measurement, and understanding have evolved. This paper offers a review of the economic literature centred on the dynamics of the innovation efficiency concept. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of 5,123 scholarly publications on Scopus to broaden the understanding of innovation efficiency phenomena, complemented by an in-depth science map analysis of 764 publications. We illustrate the accelerated growth of literature in the innovation-efficiency domain in recent years. Despite this significant growth, research in this area remains fragmented, underscoring the need for the systematic approach undertaken in this study. Through the bibliometric analysis, we discerned that the focus of innovation-efficiency-related studies has shifted from internal organisational issues to a comprehensive perspective on innovation, encompassing exogenous elements and external sources of innovation. We delineate three periods in the evolution of central themes within the innovation efficiency domain from 1998-2022: Initial focus on individual firms’ performance, progressing to external and network determinants of innovation, and recently, the link between innovation efficiency and green innovation in the third period. We also identified two primary research methodologies: (i) Qualitative surveys and (ii) Quantitative methods using regression analysis, mathematical models, and data envelopment analysis. Scientists, policymakers, and investors can utilise these findings to gain insights into the paramount aspects underpinning research in the innovation efficiency phenomena.
Students’ preferences for attributes of a B1 English level course: A conjoint analysis
Authors:   An Giang University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 18 Ung Van Khiem Street, Dong Xuyen Ward, Long Xuyen City, An Giang Province, Vietnam, Kiet Tran Chi , Thang Doan Vinh ,   An Giang University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 18 Ung Van Khiem Street, Dong Xuyen Ward, Long Xuyen City, An Giang Province, Vietnam
Published: August 2023

The increasing demand and requirements of the recruitment market towards foreign languages, especially English, has prompted many universities in Vietnam to consider English certificate as one of the mandatory conditions for students to be graduated. This has increased the demand for English courses. This study aims to ascertain students’ preferences and willingness to pay for attributes of a B1 English level course. Through an experimental approach, we conducted a survey among students enrolled at An Giang University (Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City). The findings indicate that the most significant attribute influencing student preferences for an English course is the reputation of the foreign language centres offering the course, followed by the tuition fee, assurance policies for learning outcomes, and foreign teachers. Additionally, the course duration, availability of free materials, and proximity of the language centre to the student’s residence are also important factors affecting student interests. Based on these results, several implications are suggested for foreign language centres to develop effective marketing strategies aimed at attracting learners.
General analysis of political thoughts of Manvendra Nath Rai
Authors: Kumar Naresh
Published: August 2023

Manvendra Nath Rai's thinking is the result of a dedicated urge to find such a system, in which keeping the dignity of the person intact, his physical, moral and economic progress is ensured. Manvendra Nath Rai, after his long experiences, has concluded that the present political and economic system does not determine the path of overall welfare of human beings. In his political thinking, he has tried to discover some important facts for the purpose of maintaining and increasing the freedom of man. He has presented his important principle of neo-humanism to give a new identity to the dignity of the individual. For this reason, he has become the best of the previous and contemporary thinkers. His idea of universal brotherhood is an important effort to protect human rights. He has tried to give a new dimension to democracy by recognizing the defects of parliamentary democracy. Through the idea of partyless democracy, he has expressed deep resentment towards the negative role of political parties. He has tried to get human freedom out of the trap of orthodox Marxism.

Abstract in Hindi Language:

मानवेन्द्र नाथ राय का चिन्तन एक ऐसी व्यवस्था की खोज के प्रति समर्पित आग्रह का परिणाम है, जिसमें व्यक्ति की गरिमा को अक्षुण्ण रखते हुए, उसकी भौतिक, नैतिक और आर्थिक उन्नति को सुनिश्चित किया जाए। मानवेन्द्र नाथ राय ने अपने लम्बे अनुभवों के बाद यह निष्कर्ष निकाला है कि वर्तमान राजनीतिक व आर्थिक व्यवस्था मानव के समग्र कल्याण का मार्ग निश्चित नहीं करती। उन्होंने अपने राजनीतिक चिन्तन में मानव की स्वतन्त्रता को बनाए रखने व उसमें वृद्धि करने के उद्देश्य से कुछ महत्वपूर्ण तथ्यों की खोज करने का प्रयास किया है। उन्होंने व्यक्ति की गरिमा को नई पहचान देने के लिए अपना नव-मानवतावाद का महत्वपूर्ण सिद्धान्त पेश किया है। इसी कारण वह पूर्ववर्ती तथा समकालीन विचारकों के श्रेष्ठ बन गये है। उनका विश्व-बन्धुत्व का विचार मानव अधिकारों की रक्षा का एक महत्वपूर्ण प्रयास है। उन्होंने संसदीय लोकतन्त्र के दोषों को पहचानकर लोकतन्त्र को एक नया आयाम देने का प्रयास किया है। दल विहीन प्रजातन्त्र के विचार द्वारा उन्होंने राजनीति दलों की नकारात्मक भूमिका के प्रति गहरा क्षोभ व्यक्त किया है। उन्होंने रूढ़िवादी मार्क्सवाद के जाल से मानव स्वतन्त्रता को बाहर निकालने का प्रयास किया है।

Keywords: मानवेन्द्र नाथ राय, चिन्तन, राजनीतिक, नव-मानवतावाद।
Rational Recreation: Regulating the historic gardens of Old Delhi 1912-1940s
Authors: Sharma Priyanka
Published: August 2023

Public gardens, in colonial imagination, were conceived as an ordered, moral and sanitised space for pursuing leisure. This study explores the imperial ideologies and notions of respectability, shared by the Indian upper classes, in delineating the contours of rational recreation. The paper argues that the regulation of leisure in public gardens was a soft face of civilising impulse and a subtle form of disciplinary strategy employed by the colonial state to inculcate codes of public conduct and discipline amongst the population of Delhi. This paper also examines the lived realities and the challenges that people posed to ideas of rational recreation. The notions of morality in public space were flouted by the presence and activities of those who were regarded as ‘Budmashes’; the sanitised space was fouled by the sewage, waste, and ‘smell’ of poor visitors; and the notion of public space as a regulated arena was questioned by the many ways in which the colonised occupied the public gardens.
A Case Study on Social Media Marketing Campaigns in India
Authors: . Manju
Published: August 2023

In this research paper, a comprehensive exploration of the subject "Social Media Marketing Campaigns in India" has been meticulously undertaken. This thorough investigation encompasses a detailed analysis of the strategies, impact, challenges, and evolving trends within the context of India's dynamic digital landscape. The paper delves into the intricacies of successful campaigns, scrutinizes their influence on consumer behavior, and highlights the symbiotic relationship between social media platforms and marketing practices in the Indian milieu. India's social media marketing initiatives are a fascinating example of how culture, strategy, and creativity can be seamlessly blended. As the number of internet users continues to rise, companies have launched innovative marketing initiatives that capitalize on the country's cultural variety. These commercials show a sophisticated awareness of the Indian market by deftly blending international styles with regional norms. Using social media channels like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube strategically has helped businesses create stories and images that reach consumers on an emotional level. Cultural events like Diwali and Eid provide essential settings for ads, lending authenticity and gravitas. Collaborations with influential people who can endorse things in a genuine and approachable way are a major part of these efforts. In addition, social problems are often woven into ads to demonstrate a company's support for important causes and pique the interest of conscientious customers. User-generated content contests, which are typically paired with creative hashtags to encourage wider participation and community interaction, add to the interactive element of campaigns.
Smart Mobility: A way towards Greener Future
Authors: Maheshwari Supri
Published: August 2023

With ever increasing urbanization across the world, serious mobility concerns in urban areas are being noticed by the planners and policy makers. Unplanned urban areas that fail to cater the mobility needs of the city inhabitants result in degraded quality of life and cast detrimental effect on the environment. Amid this persisting situation, smart mobility initiatives are being adopted by the developed nations to overcome mobility issues. This paper intends to understand the concept of smart mobility in detail and further broadly explores the available literature on the implementation of smart mobility initiatives in India and abroad. The study provides some insights on how smart mobility may act as game changer and lead us towards a greener future.
ÍNDICE MEIÓTICO E VIABILIDADE POLÍNICA DE Senna occidentalis (L.) LINK.
Authors: Fagundes Patrícia Ana de Souza , Zortéa Kelli Évelin Müller , Roveda Ana Paula , De Paiva Giseudo Aparecido , Colavite dos Santos Renan , Bandini Rossi Ana Aparecida
Published: August 2023

Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, subarbusto pertencente à família Fabaceae, conhecido popularmente como fedegoso, é uma espécie invasora com grande potencial biológico para uso medicinal. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o índice meiótico, viabilidade polínica e composição citoquímica dos grãos de pólen de S. occidentalis. Botões florais de 20 indivíduos de fedegoso foram coletados no município de Alta Floresta, MT. Os corantes, carmim acético 2%, reativo de Alexander, lugol e sudan IV, foram utilizados para estimar o índice meiótico (IM), a viabilidade polínica e a presença de amido e lipídeo como substância de reserva. O IM atingiu uma média de 93,5%, apresentado tríades como anormalidade mais frequente. A viabilidade polínica foi acima de 94% para todos os corantes utilizados. A análise citoquímica por meio de testes colorimétricos permitiu constatar o amido e o lipídeo como material de reserva do grão de pólen de fedegoso. O alto IM indica estabilidade meiótica sendo corroborado pela alta viabilidade polínica.
Palavras-chave: pólen; testes colorimétricos; citoquímica.
 
Meiotic behavior and pollen viability of Senna occidentalis (L.) LINK
 
ABSTRACT: Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, a subshrub belonging to the Fabaceae family, popularly known as fedegoso, is an invasive species with great biological potential for medicinal use. This study aimed to evaluate the meiotic index, pollen viability and cytochemical composition of S. occidentalis pollen grains. Flower buds from 20 fedegoso individuals were collected in Alta Floresta, MT. The dyes, 2% acetic carmine, Alexander's reagent, lugol and sudan IV, were used to estimate the meiotic index (MI), pollen viability and the presence of starch and lipid as a reserve substance. MI reached an average of 93.5%, presenting triads as the most frequent abnormality. Pollen viability was above 94% for all dyes used. The cytochemical analysis by means of colorimetric tests allowed to verify the starch and the lipid as reserve material of the fedegoso pollen grain. The high MI indicates meiotic stability being corroborated by the high pollen viability.
 Keywords: pollen; colorimetric tests; cytochemistry.
Thermal insulation and sound absorption properties of fibrous layered structures
Authors: Sarıçam Canan , Okur Nazan , Uçar Nuray , Gürsoy Nevin Çiğdem
Published: August 2023

In this study, the effects of the addition of Activated carbon powder (ACP), Polyacrylonitrile nanofiber web (PAN), application of Plasma treatment (P), and the number of treatment layers on thermal insulation and sound absorption properties of fibrous structures have been examined and compared to each other. Bamboo and E-glass fibers have been used to produce fibrous layered structures. E-glass-based fibrous structures had slightly higher thermal resistance than that of bamboo fiber-based fibrous structures. However, sound absorption of bamboo-based fibrous layered structures was higher than that of E-glass fiber-based fibrous layered structures. The results revealed that plasma treatment, nanofiber web application, and activated carbon powder insertion increased the thermal resistance of fibrous layered structures made of bamboo fiber and E-glass fiber. In particular, the plasma treatment on three layers provided the highest thermal resistance for the E-glass fiber fibrous layered structure, however, PAN nanofiber application between three layers resulted in the highest thermal resistance for the bamboo fiber fibrous layered structure. Concerning sound absorption, the PAN nanofiber web provided the highest improvement for both the bamboo fiber-based layered structures and the E-glass-based layered structures.
Examination of acoustic properties of polymer-coated nonwoven textile samples
Authors: Ulu Gözdenur , Göcek İkilem
Published: August 2023

In this study, different types of polymeric layers were coated in different weights (g/m2) on nonwoven fabrics by extrusion process and then, sound absorption and transmission loss properties of each sample were examined. Nonwoven fabrics were produced from polyester (PET) fiber, formed by the carding process and bonded by the needle punching process. These samples were tested between 50-6000 Hz frequency range to reveal the effect of polymer layer type and weight coated on nonwoven fabrics on the sound absorption and transmission loss performance at the low, medium, and high-frequency values. Polymer layers were coated with the weight of 400 gsm and 800 gsm. Nonwoven fabric samples coated with polyethylene or polypropylene layers and nonwoven fabric samples without polymeric coating were tested by using an impedance tube and compared in terms of sound absorption and transmission loss performance. In the test system, two sides of the samples were tested separately. It was seen that the sound absorption performance of the samples changed in case the sound wave was first incident to the polymeric layer or nonwoven layer.
Influence of carbon fiber non-crimp fabrics stitching parameters on the out-of-plane permeability in liquid composite molding process
Authors: Başer Gülnur
Published: August 2023

The widespread use of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) has attracted many industries such as defense, and aerospace as well as in sailboats, automotive, and rotor-blades, where high strength-to-weight ratios are required. For the aerospace and defense customer today, the importance is no longer just on minimum weight and therefore performance, but primarily on cost of ownership. Textile-manufactured composites, particularly of non-crimp fabric (NCF) type offer significant cost savings in terms of reduced labor time and higher deposition rates over the unidirectional prepreg tape which is the most traditional method. Vacuum vacuum-assisted infusion method is the most used production technic in CFRP parts which also offers high fiber ratios. The most important goal is the impregnation of carbon fiber package in a through-the-thickness direction to get good quality parts in infusion. The behavior of the impregnability depends mainly on the out-of-plane permeability of the fabric. The fiber type, orientation of the fibers, and the stitching parameters, mainly influence the permeability of the fabric. In this study, the influence of textile parameters on the out-of-plane permeability of UD (unidirectional) carbon fiber NCF was investigated. The stitching yarn parameters (stitch pattern, stitch tension, and stitch length) were varied to see the influence on the out-of-plane permeability. The out-of-plane permeability was measured using a tailored visual flow front monitoring method by measuring resin flow distance on the X and Y axes of the fabric during infusion. The results show that the out-of-plane permeability of the UD (0°) carbon fiber NCF is significantly affected by the stitch pattern, stitch tension, and stitch length.
ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ПРОГРАМНИХ ЗАСОБІВ НА ОСНОВІ АНАЛІЗУ ЯКОСТІ ВИМОГ
Authors: Кузь М. В. , Незамай Б. С. , Ровінський В. А. , Подубинська Н. Д.
Published: August 2023

Оцінка якості програмного забезпечення є важливою складовою частиною його розробки з метою як забезпечення останньої так і обґрунтованого порівняння програм чи їх версій. В даний час оцінка якості програмного забезпечення базується на цілому ряді міжнародних стандартів.  При цьому, як правило, використовуються методи експертного оцінювання на основі метричного підходу оцінки якості програмних засобів. Прогнозування характеристик якості програмних засобів це наступний крок забезпечення якості, що має дозволити як одержати обґрунтовані досяжні характеристики якості, так і служити, наприклад, для маркетингових досліджень.

У роботі розглянуто існуючі підходи до прогнозного моделювання характеристик якості програмних засобів. Проаналізовано фактори, які визначають прогноз якості програмних засобів. Встановлено, що одним із основних факторів, які визначають якість розроблюваного продукту є якість вимог до нього. Запропоновано метод прогнозування характеристик якості програмних засобів на основі характеристик якості вимог. Характеристики якості вимог встановлюються на етапі тестування (верифікації) вимог. Вихідними даними, від яких відштовхується прогнозна модель, є характеристики якості, що одержуються методом історичних аналогій. Прогнозна модель передбачає просту лінійну залежність впливу характеристик вимог на прогнозовані характеристики програмного засобу, але при цьому враховується кількість вимог (величина проекту) та їх класифікація. Фактично, метод прогнозування полягає у встановлені впливу оцінки характеристики якості вимог на характеристики якості майбутнього проекту, і здійснюється методом експертного оцінювання. Одержані значення можуть бути використані як для обґрунтування досяжних характеристик якості, так і для покращення “зворотніх зв’язків” з замовниками для покращення вимог до проекту.