bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Template-free synthesis of 3D hierarchical nanostructured NiCo2O4mesoporous ultrathin nanosheet hollow microspheres for excellent methanol electrooxidation and supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Gaowen , Gao Yizhi , Zhang Hui
Published: March 2016

Novel 3D hierarchical NiCo2O4mesoporous ultrathin nanosheets hollow microspheres upon a facile template-free solvothermal method followed air-annealing shows excellent methanol electrooxidation and supercapacitors performance.
Identification of benzochromene derivatives as a highly specific NorA efflux pump inhibitor to mitigate the drug resistant strains of S. aureus
Authors: Ganesan Asaithampi , Christena Lowrence Rene , Venkata Subbarao Himesh Makala , Venkatasubramanian Ulaganathan , Thiagarajan Raman , Sivaramakrishnan Venkatabalasubramanian , Kasilingam Kabilan , Saisubramanian Nagarajan , Selva Ganesan Subramaniapillai
Published: March 2016

Benzochromene (BC) derivatives identified as potent EPI against NorA efflux pump. BC displays 32-fold ciprofloxacin MIC reversal against NorA overexpressing mutant. BC as an adjuvant with antibiotic can curtail MDRS. aureus.
Degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A in heat activated persulfate oxidation process
Authors: Jin Hao , Kong Deyang , Ji Yuefei , Lu Junhe , Zhou Quansuo
Published: March 2016

Sulfate radicals (SO4˙−) generated by heat activated persulfate were employed to degrade brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA).
Transparent, stretchable, and conductive SWNT films using supramolecular functionalization and layer-by-layer self-assembly
Authors: Vohra Akhil , Imin Patigul , Imit Mokhtar , Carmichael R. Stephen , Meena Jagan Singh , Adronov Alex , Carmichael Tricia Breen
Published: March 2016

Layer-by-layer self-assembly of supramolecularly-modified carbon nanotubes on the elastomer polydimethylsiloxane generates transparent, conductive films that are soft, stretchable, and conformable.
Metal–organic framework derived Au@ZnO yolk–shell nanostructures and their highly sensitive detection of acetone
Authors: Gu Fubo , Chen Huanhuan , Han Dongmei , Wang Zhihua
Published: March 2016

Au@ZnO yolk–shell nanostructures were synthesized by using Au@MOF-5 as a precursor, which exhibited a high response and excellent selectivity to acetone.
Main-chain polyoxometalate-containing donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers: synthesis, characterization, morphological studies and applications in single-component photovoltaic cells
Authors: Li Yong , Shetye Kuldeep , Baral Khagendra , Jin Lu , Oster John D. , Zhu Da-Ming , Peng Zhonghua
Published: March 2016

Single-component solar cells of main-chain polyoxometalate-containing donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers show efficiencies comparable to those conjugated polymers with covalently bonded fullerenes.
New indole based co-sensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells exceeding 10% efficiency
Authors: Babu Dickson D. , Su Rui , El-Shafei Ahmed , Adhikari Airody Vasudeva
Published: March 2016

In this work, we report the molecular engineering and synthesis of three novel indole co-sensitizers DBA-3, DBA-4 and DBA-5 with D–D–A (donor–donor–acceptor) architecture.
Benzene-cored AIEgens for deep-blue OLEDs: high performance without hole-transporting layers, and unexpected excellent host for orange emission as a side-effect
Authors: Zhan Xuejun , Wu Zhongbin , Lin Yuxuan , Xie Yujun , Peng Qian , Li Qianqian , Ma Dongge , Li Zhen
Published: March 2016

For the first time, AIEgens with good hole-transporting ability served as emitting layer or host with high performance.
A facile approach to fabricate free-standing hydrogen evolution electrodes: riveting tungsten carbide nanocrystals to graphite felt fabrics by carbon nanosheets
Authors: Shen Yi , Li Ling , Xi Jingyu , Qiu Xinping
Published: March 2016

We report a novel three-dimensional architecture, consisting of tungsten carbide nanocrystals which are intimately riveted to graphite felt fabrics by carbon nanosheets (CNS@WC/GF).
Tunnelling anisotropic magnetoresistance at La0.67Sr0.33MnO3-graphene interfaces
Authors: Phillips L. C. , Lombardo A. , Ghidini M. , Yan W. , Kar-Narayan S. , Hämäläinen S. J. , Barbone M. , Milana S. , van Dijken S. , Ferrari A. C. , Mathur N. D.
Published: March 2016

Using ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 electrodes bridged by single-layer graphene, we observe magnetoresistive changes of ∼32–35 MΩ at 5 K. Magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy at the same temperature reveals that the magnetoresistance arises from in-plane reorientations of electrode magnetization, evidencing tunnelling anisotropic magnetoresistance at the La0.67Sr0.33MnO3-graphene interfaces. Large resistance switching without spin transport through the non-magnetic channel could be attractive for graphene-based magnetic-sensing applications.
Interaction between two adjacent grounded sources in frequency domain semi-airborne electromagnetic survey
Authors: Zhou Haigen , Lin Jun , Liu Changsheng , Kang Lili , Li Gang , Zeng Xinsen
Published: March 2016

Multi-source and multi-frequency emission method can make full use of the valuable and short flight time in frequency domain semi-airborne electromagnetic (FSAEM) exploration, which has potential to investigate the deep earth structure in complex terrain region. Because several sources are adjacent in multi-source emission method, the interaction of different sources should be considered carefully. An equivalent circuit model of dual-source is established in this paper to assess the interaction between two individual sources, where the parameters are given with the typical values based on the practical instrument system and its application. By simulating the output current of two sources in different cases, the influence from the adjacent source is observed clearly. The current waveforms show that the mutual resistance causes the fluctuation and drift in another source and that the mutual inductance causes transient peaks. A field test with dual-source was conducted to certify the existence of interaction between adjacent sources. The simulation of output current also shows that current errors at low frequency are mainly caused by the mutual resistance while those at high frequency are mainly due to the mutual inductance. Increasing the distance between neighboring sources is a proposed measure to reduce the emission signal errors with designed ones. The feasible distance is discussed in the end. This study gives a useful guidance to lay multi sources to meet the requirement of measurement accuracy in FSAEM survey.
Collision-induced Raman scattering from a pair of dissimilar particles: An intriguing mathematical model predicting the suppression of the odd-numbered partial waves
Authors: Chrysos Michael
Published: March 2016

Relying on a simple analytic two-atom model in which the anisotropy of the interaction dipole polarizability obeys an inverse power law as a function of separation, we offer mathematical and numerical evidence that, in a monoatomic gas, the free-free Raman spectrum for a collisional pair of two different isotopes, a–a′, may vastly differ from that for a–a. This result is obtained even if a and a′ are assumed to have the same mass and zero nuclear spin and even if a–a and a–a′ are subject to the same interaction polarizability and potential. The mechanism responsible for this effect is inherent in the parity of the partial-wave rotational quantum number J: given that the contribution of each partial wave to the Raman cross section is controlled by a polarizability-transition matrix-element and that each of those matrix-elements has a radial component with a magnitude slightly smaller than that of the preceding partial wave, a deficit which disfavors the odd-numbered waves is accumulated upon summing over J. In the far high-frequency wing, this deficit tends to generate spectral intensities for a–a′ about half as great as the a–a ones, a tendency which becomes all the more effective as temperature is decreased. We show for instance that, for the spectral branch ΔJ = 2, the fractional difference between the free-free differential cross sections for a–a and a–a′ is 12(1−x2)31+3x4, with x=E/E′ (E (E′) being the initial (final) state energy of the pair and E′ − E = hcν (ν > 0)). Remarkably, this quantity is zero at ν ≈ 0 but goes to 12 for ν ≫ 0. For ΔJ = 0, analogous conclusions may be drawn from the expression (1+ln(1+x1−x)2arctanx)−1.
Mean-velocity profile of smooth channel flow explained by a cospectral budget model with wall-blockage
Authors: McColl Kaighin A. , Katul Gabriel G. , Gentine Pierre , Entekhabi Dara
Published: March 2016

A series of recent studies has shown that a model of the turbulent vertical velocity variance spectrum (Fvv) combined with a simplified cospectral budget can reproduce many macroscopic flow properties of turbulent wall-bounded flows, including various features of the mean-velocity profile (MVP), i.e., the “law of the wall”. While the approach reasonably models the MVP’s logarithmic layer, the buffer layer displays insufficient curvature compared to measurements. The assumptions are re-examined here using a direct numerical simulation (DNS) dataset at moderate Reynolds number that includes all the requisite spectral and co-spectral information. Starting with several hypotheses for the cause of the “missing” curvature in the buffer layer, it is shown that the curvature deficit is mainly due to mismatches between (i) the modelled and DNS-observed pressure-strain terms in the cospectral budget and (ii) the DNS-observed Fvv and the idealized form used in previous models. By replacing the current parameterization for the pressure-strain term with an expansive version that directly accounts for wall-blocking effects, the modelled and DNS reported pressure-strain profiles match each other in the buffer and logarithmic layers. Forcing the new model with DNS-reported Fvv rather than the idealized form previously used reproduces the missing buffer layer curvature to high fidelity thereby confirming the “spectral link” between Fvv and the MVP across the full profile. A broad implication of this work is that much of the macroscopic properties of the flow (such as the MVP) may be derived from the energy distribution in turbulent eddies (i.e., Fvv) representing the microstate of the flow, provided the link between them accounts for wall-blocking.
Mixed role of surface on intrinsic losses in silicon nanostructures
Authors: De Subhadeep , Kunal K. , Aluru N. R.
Published: March 2016

We utilize molecular dynamics simulations and show opposing roles of surface on dissipation in nanostructures. While the surface defects always aid in the entropy generation process, the scattering of phonons from rough surfaces can suppress Akhiezer damping. For the case of a silicon (2 × 1) reconstructed surface, the former dominates and Q−1 (Q is the quality factor) is found to increase with the decrease in size. However, different scaling trends are observed in the case of a hydrogen (H) terminated silicon surface with no defects and dimers. Particularly, in the case of a H-terminated silicon, if the resonator is operated with a frequency Ω such that Ωτph<1, where τph is the phonon relaxation time and Q−1 is found to decrease with the decrease in size. The opposite scaling is observed for Ωτph>1. A simplified model, based on two phonon groups (with positive and negative Grüneisen parameters), is considered to explain the observed trend. We show that the equilibration time between the two mode groups decreases with the decrease in size for the H-terminated structure. We also study the scaling of Q−1 factor with frequency for these cases.
Friction drag reduction achievable by near-wall turbulence manipulation in spatially developing boundary-layer
Authors: Bannier Amaury , Garnier Eric , Sagaut Pierre
Published: March 2016

Various control strategies, such as active feedback control or riblets, end up restraining near-wall turbulence. An analytical study is conducted to estimate the drag-reduction achievable by such control in zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary-layers. Based on an idealized control which damps all fluctuations within a near-wall layer, a composite flow profile is established. It leads to explicit models for both the drag-reduction and the boundary-layer development rate. A skin-friction decomposition is applied and gives physical insights on the underlying phenomena. The control is found to alter the spatial development of the boundary-layer, resulting in detrimental impact on the skin-friction. However, the drag-reducing mechanism, attributed to the turbulence weakening, is found predominant and massive drag reductions remain achievable at high Reynolds number, although a minute part of the boundary-layer is manipulated. The model is finally assessed against Large Eddy Simulations of riblet-controlled flow.
Communication: An accurate calculation of the S1 C2H2 cis-trans isomerization barrier height
Authors: Baraban Joshua H. , Matthews Devin A. , Stanton John F.
Published: March 2016

A high level ab initio calculation of the cis-trans isomerization barrier height in the first excited singlet electronic state of acetylene is found to agree very well with a recent experimental determination.
Practicality of magnetic compression for plasma density control
Authors: Gueroult Renaud , Fisch Nathaniel J.
Published: March 2016

Plasma densification through magnetic compression has been suggested for time-resolved control of the wave properties in plasma-based accelerators [P. F. Schmit and N. J. Fisch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 255003 (2012)]. Using particle in cell simulations with real mass ratio, the practicality of large magnetic compression on timescales shorter than the ion gyro-period is investigated. For compression times shorter than the transit time of a compressional Alfven wave across the plasma slab, results show the formation of two counter-propagating shock waves, leading to a highly non-uniform plasma density profile. Furthermore, the plasma slab displays large hydromagnetic like oscillations after the driving field has reached steady state. Peak compression is obtained when the two shocks collide in the mid-plane. At this instant, very large plasma heating is observed, and the plasma β is estimated to be about 1. Although these results point out a densification mechanism quite different and more complex than initially envisioned, these features still might be advantageous in particle accelerators.
Three-dimensional simulation of thermal harmonic lasing free electron laser with detuning of the fundamental
Authors: Salehi E. , Maraghechi B. , Mirian N. S.
Published: March 2016

Detuning of the fundamental is a way to enhance harmonic generation. By this method, the wiggler is composed of two segments in such a way that the fundamental resonance of the second segment to coincide with the third harmonic of the first segment of the wiggler to generate extreme ultraviolet radiation and x-ray emission. A set of coupled, nonlinear, and first-order differential equations in three dimensions describing the evolution of the electron trajectories and the radiation field with warm beam is solved numerically by CYRUS 3D code in the steady-state for two models (1) seeded free electron laser (FEL) and (2) shot noise on the electron beam (self-amplified spontaneous emission FEL). Thermal effects in the form of longitudinal velocity spread are considered. Three-dimensional simulation describes self-consistently the longitudinal spatial dependence of radiation waists, curvatures, and amplitudes together with the evaluation of the electron beam. The evolutions of the transverse modes are investigated for the fundamental resonance and the third harmonic. Also, the effective modes of the third harmonic are studied. In this paper, we found that detuning of the fundamental with shot noise gives more optimistic result than the seeded FEL.
Enhancement of piezoelectric constants induced by cation-substitution and two-dimensional strain effects on ZnO predicted by density functional perturbation theory
Authors: Nakamura Kaoru , Higuchi Sadao , Ohnuma Toshiharu
Published: March 2016

Using density functional perturbation theory, we investigated the effect of various substitutional dopant elements and in-plane strain on the piezoelectric properties of ZnO. The piezoelectric stress constant e33 of doped ZnO was found to depend on the formal charge of the substitutional dopant. By decomposing the piezoelectric stress constant e33 into the individual atomic contributions, the change in the piezoelectric properties was found to originate from a change in the coupling between the atomic displacement and the strain. Furthermore, we found that in-plane tensile strain along the a axis, which is specific to the thin film, can enhance the piezoelectric constant of ZnO. A phase transition from wurtzite to h-BN-type structure was found to occur with increasing in-plane tensile. The piezoelectric strain constant d33 was predicted to reach ∼200 pC/N for 2.78 at. % V-substituted ZnO at 5.5% in-plane strain, just before the phase transition. These theoretical results suggest that the piezoelectric constant of ZnO can be enhanced by controlling the in-plane strain via selection of the substrate material and dopant element.
Ge auto-doping and out-diffusion in InGaP grown on Ge substrate and their effects on the ordering of InGaP
Authors: Wu Hong-Ming , Tsai Shi-Jane , Ho Hao-I , Lin Hao-Hsiung
Published: March 2016

We report on the Ge auto-doping and out-diffusion in InGaP epilayer with Cu-Pt ordering grown on 4-in. Ge substrate. Ge profiles determined from secondary ion mass spectrometry indicate that the Ge out-diffusion depth is within 100 nm. However, the edge of the wafer suffers from stronger Ge gas-phase auto-doping than the center, leading to ordering deterioration in the InGaP epilayer. In the edge, we observed a residual Cu-Pt ordering layer left beneath the surface, suggesting that the ordering deterioration takes place after the deposition rather than during the deposition and In/Ga inter-diffusion enhanced by Ge vapor-phase auto-doping is responsible for the deterioration. We thus propose a di-vacancy diffusion model, in which the amphoteric Ge increases the di-vacancy density, resulting in a Ge density dependent diffusion. In the model, the In/Ga inter-diffusion and Ge out-diffusion are realized by the random hopping of In/Ga host atoms and Ge atoms to di-vacancies, respectively. Simulation based on this model well fits the Ge out-diffusion profiles, suggesting its validity. By comparing the Ge diffusion coefficient obtained from the fitting and the characteristic time constant of ordering deterioration estimated from the residual ordering layer, we found that the hopping rates of Ge and the host atoms are in the same order of magnitude, indicating that di-vacancies are bound in the vicinity of Ge atoms.
Surface ripple evolution by argon ion irradiation in polymers
Authors: Goyal Meetika , Aggarwal Sanjeev , Sharma Annu
Published: March 2016

In this report, an attempt has been made to investigate the morphological evolution of nanoscale surface ripples on aliphatic (polypropylene, PP) and aromatic (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) polymeric substrates irradiated with 50 keV Ar+ ions. The specimens were sputtered at off normal incidence of 30° with 5 × 1016 Ar+ cm−2. The topographical features and structural behavior of the specimens were studied using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy techniques, respectively. The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter simulations were performed to calculate sputtering yield of irradiated PP and PET polymers. Sputtering yield of carbon atoms has been found to be smaller for PP (0.40) as compared to PET (0.73), which is attributed to the different structures of two polymers. AFM analysis demonstrates the evolution of ripple like features with amplitude (2.50 nm) and wavelength (690 nm) on PET while that of lower amplitude (1.50 nm) and higher wavelength (980 nm) on PP specimen. The disorder parameter (Urbach energy) has been found to increase significantly from 0.30 eV to 1.67 eV in case of PP as compared to a lesser increase from 0.35 eV to 0.72 eV in case of PET as revealed by UV-Visible characterization. A mutual correlation between ion beam sputtering induced topographical variations with that of enhancement in the disorder parameter of the specimens has been discussed.
Voltage-induced buckling of dielectric films using fluid electrodes
Authors: Tavakol Behrouz , Holmes Douglas P.
Published: March 2016

Accurate and integrable control of different flows within microfluidic channels is crucial for further development of lab-on-a-chip and fully integrated adaptable structures. Here, we introduce a flexible microactuator that buckles at a high deformation rate and alters the downstream fluid flow. The microactuator consists of a confined, thin, dielectric film that buckles into the microfluidic channel when exposed to voltage supplied through conductive fluid electrodes. We estimate the critical buckling voltage and characterize the buckled shape of the actuator. Finally, we investigate the effects of frequency, flow rate, and pressure differences on the behavior of the buckling structure and the resulting fluid flow. These results demonstrate that the voltage-induced buckling of embedded microstructures using fluid electrodes provides a means for high speed, repeatable attenuation of microfluidic flow.
Graphene-based plasmonic force switch
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh M. , Darbari S. , Moravvej-Farshi M. K.
Published: March 2016

We take advantage of a Kretschmann configuration to design a plasmonic force switch. It consists of a prism/Au/SiO2 stack topped by a gated graphene sheet, as an electrically active optofluidic particle sorting system. We show that using a small gate voltage, one can switch the plasmon-wave induced force on a target particle, and hence its velocity. Simulations show that by electrical tuning of the graphene electrochemical potential in a narrow range of ∼65 meV—i.e., equivalent to an applied gate voltage of ∼4.3 V—the graphene surface plasmons can absorb the Au surface plasmons, switching off the plasmonic force exerted on the target particle with an ON/OFF ratio of more than 20. Numerical results also show that the maximum sensitivity of the particle's velocity to the graphene electrochemical potential is ∼1136 μm/eV-s. The proposed electrically active plasmonic force switch offers opportunities in developing tunable on-chip optical micromanipulations with multiple parallel functionalities and low power consumption.
High-Q energy trapping of temperature-stable shear waves with Lamé cross-sectional polarization in a single crystal silicon waveguide
Authors: Tabrizian R. , Daruwalla A. , Ayazi F.
Published: March 2016

A multi-port electrostatically driven silicon acoustic cavity is implemented that efficiently traps the energy of a temperature-stable eigen-mode with Lamé cross-sectional polarization. Dispersive behavior of propagating and evanescent guided waves in a ⟨100⟩-aligned single crystal silicon waveguide is used to engineer the acoustic energy distribution of a specific shear eigen-mode that is well known for its low temperature sensitivity when implemented in doped single crystal silicon. Such an acoustic energy trapping in the central region of the acoustic cavity geometry and far from substrate obviates the need for narrow tethers that are conventionally used for non-destructive and high quality factor (Q) energy suspension in MEMS resonators; therefore, the acoustically engineered waveguide can simultaneously serve as in-situ self-oven by passing large uniformly distributed DC currents through its body and without any concern about perturbing the mode shape or deforming narrow supports. Such a stable thermo-structural performance besides large turnover temperatures than can be realized in Lamé eigen-modes make this device suitable for implementation of ultra-stable oven-controlled oscillators. 78 MHz prototypes implemented in arsenic-doped single crystal silicon substrates with different resistivity are transduced by in- and out-of-plane narrow-gap capacitive ports, showing high Q of ∼43k. The low resistivity device shows an overall temperature-induced frequency drift of 200 ppm over the range of −20 °C to 80 °C, which is ∼15× smaller compared to overall frequency drift measured for the similar yet high resistivity device in the same temperature range. Furthermore, a frequency tuning of ∼2100 ppm is achieved in high resistivity device by passing 45 mA DC current through its body. Continuous operation of the device under such a self-ovenizing current over 10 days did not induce frequency instability or degradation in Q.
Direct characterization of hydrodynamic loading on a microelectromechanical systems microstructure
Authors: Mehrnezhad Ali , Bashir Rashid , Park Kidong
Published: March 2016

Hydrodynamic loading greatly affects resonant characteristic of microfabricated structures immersed in a viscous fluid. In this letter, we demonstrate a technique to measure hydrodynamic loading on a MEMS resonator in a broad range of actuation frequency. The extracted hydrodynamic loading is in a good agreement with an analytical solution of an oscillating sphere, and a highly accurate model is developed for the hydrodynamic loading of the resonator. The developed technique can directly characterize the hydrodynamic loading of a microstructure with an arbitrary geometry and will facilitate the optimization of MEMS devices and AFM probes operating in a viscous fluid.
Enhanced photoresponsivity in graphene-silicon slow-light photonic crystal waveguides
Authors: Zhou Hao , Gu Tingyi , McMillan James F. , Yu Mingbin , Lo Guoqiang , Kwong Dim-Lee , Feng Guoying , Zhou Shouhuan , Wong Chee Wei
Published: March 2016

We demonstrate the enhanced fast photoresponsivity in graphene hybrid structures by combining the ultrafast dynamics of graphene with improved light-matter interactions in slow-light photonic crystal waveguides. With a 200 μm interaction length, a 0.8 mA/W photoresponsivity is achieved in a graphene-silicon Schottky-like photodetector, with an operating bandwidth in excess of 5 GHz and wavelength range at least from 1480 nm to 1580 nm. Fourfold enhancement of the photocurrent is observed in the slow light region, compared to the wavelength far from the photonic crystal bandedge, for a chip-scale broadband fast photodetector.
Thermo-mechanical simulations of CO2 laser–fused silica interactions
Authors: Doualle T. , Gallais L. , Cormont P. , Hébert D. , Combis P. , Rullier J.-L.
Published: March 2016

CO2 laser heating of silica glass is used in many scientific and industrial applications. Particularly, localized CO2 laser heating of silica glass has demonstrated its ability to mitigate surface damage on optics used for high power laser applications. To develop such applications, the control of temperature, heat affected area, and resulting mechanical stresses are critical. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the silica transformation, the material ejection, and the thermo-mechanical stresses induced by the laser heating and subsequent cooling. In this paper, we detail the development of comprehensive thermo-mechanical numerical simulations of these physical processes, based on finite-element method. The approach is developed for 2D or 3D cases to tackle the case of a moving beam at the surface of the sample, and we particularly discuss the choice of the different parameters based on bibliographic inputs. The thermal and mechanical numerical results have been compared to different dedicated experimental studies: infrared thermography measurements at the surface of the irradiated area, optical profilometry measurements of the laser-processed sites, and photo-elastic measurements. Very consistent results are obtained between numerical and experimental results for the description of the temperature gradients, the material ejection, and the residual stresses.
Multi-directional plasmonic surface-wave splitters with full bandwidth isolation
Authors: Gao Zhen , Gao Fei , Zhang Baile
Published: March 2016

We present a multidirectional plasmonic surface-wave splitter with full bandwidth isolation experimentally based on coupled defect surface modes in a surface-wave photonic crystal. In contrast to conventional plasmonic surface-wave frequency splitters with polaritonic dispersion relations that overlap at low frequencies, this multidirectional plasmonic surface-wave splitter based on coupled defect surface modes can split different frequency bands into different waveguide branches without bandwidth overlap. Transmission spectra and near-field imaging measurements have been implemented in the microwave frequencies to verify the performance of the multidirectional plasmonic surface-wave splitter. This surface wave structure can be used as a plasmonic wavelength-division multiplexer that may find potential applications in the surface-wave integrated circuits from microwave to terahertz frequencies.
Using coupled micropillar compression and micro-Laue diffraction to investigate deformation mechanisms in a complex metallic alloy Al13Co4
Authors: Bhowmik Ayan , Dolbnya Igor P. , Britton T. Ben , Jones Nicholas G. , Sernicola Giorgio , Walter Claudia , Gille Peter , Dye David , Clegg William J. , Giuliani Finn
Published: March 2016

In this study, we have used in-situ micro-Laue diffraction combined with micropillar compression of focused ion beam milled Al13Co4 complex metallic alloy to investigate the evolution of deformation in Al13Co4. Streaking of the Laue spots shows that the onset of plastic flow occurs at stresses as low as 0.8 GPa, although macroscopic yield only becomes apparent at 2 GPa. The measured misorientations, obtained from peak splitting, enable the geometrically necessary dislocation density to be estimated as 1.1 × 1013 m−2.
Mesoporous multi-shelled ZnO microspheres for the scattering layer of dye sensitized solar cell with a high efficiency
Authors: Xia Weiwei , Mei Chao , Zeng Xianghua , Chang Shuai , Wu Guoqing , Shen Xiaoshuang
Published: March 2016

Both light scattering and dye adsorbing are important for the power conversion efficiency PCE performance of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Nanostructured scattering layers with a large specific surface area are regarded as an efficient way to improve the PCE by increasing dye adsorbing, but excess adsorbed dye will hinder light scattering and light penetration. Thus, how to balance the dye adsorbing and light penetration is a key problem to improve the PCE performance. Here, multiple-shelled ZnO microspheres with a mesoporous surface are fabricated by a hydrothermal method and are used as scattering layers on the TiO2 photoanode of the DSSC in the presence of N719 dye and iodine–based electrolyte, and the results reveal that the DSSCs based on triple shelled ZnO microsphere with a mesoporous surface exhibit an enhanced PCE of 7.66%, which is 13.0% higher than those without the scattering layers (6.78%), indicating that multiple-shelled microspheres with a mesoporous surface can ensure enough light scattering between the shells, and a favorable concentration of the adsorbed dye can improve the light penetration. These results may provide a promising pathway to obtain the high efficient DSSCs.
Structural characteristics of the supersonic turbulent boundary layer subjected to concave curvature
Authors: Wang Qian-cheng , Wang Zhen-guo
Published: March 2016

By employing the Nanoparticle-based Planar Laser Scattering method and the particle image velocimetry, structural responses of a Mach 2.95 turbulent boundary layer to two concave curvatures (radiuses are 113 mm and 350 mm, respectively) are experimentally investigated. Large scale vortices formed in the flat plate region are observed to break up into smaller ones immediately after they flow into the concave region. Larger curvature tends to introduce more immediate breakup of the vortices. Fractal analysis reveals that after the turning angle and impulse of bulk dilatation reach 11° and 0.6, respectively, the breakup of the vortices slows down evidently.
Electrically driven plasmon chip: Active plasmon lens in the visible range
Authors: Yamaguchi Kenzo , Yamanaka Hiroki , Ohtsu Tomoya , Ishii Satoshi
Published: March 2016

We propose an active plasmon lens (APL) consisting of a nanoslit array with an electrically tunable focal profile. Since the transmission phase of a nanoslit is a function of the slit width, applying bias to the nanoslit mechanically alters the nanoslit width and hence shifts the phase front. A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that applying a bias voltage of 5 V at 633 nm tunes the transmission profile of the fabricated APL. Our active lens is planar and only 400 nm thick, which gives it advantages for fabrication and integration.
Increased photoluminescence from single-mode microwave annealing of N-type Ge-on-Si
Authors: Lee Lennon Y. T. , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Nishi Yoshio
Published: March 2016

Microwave annealing is shown to heal the damage in the crystal lattice and activate the dopants in Ge-on-Si at a lower temperature than rapid thermal annealing, enabling easier integration with other components that have ultra-shallow junctions or tight profile pocket regions. Maximum photoluminescence was achieved by microwave annealing Ge-on-Si samples at a temperature lower by 75 °C to 80 °C than rapid thermal annealing. Furthermore, for Ge implanted with P at energy of 90 keV and dose of 6 × 1014 cm−2, and Sb at energy of 65 keV and dose of 6 × 1014 cm−2, microwave annealing of samples resulted in stronger photoluminescence than rapid thermal annealing of samples. We also observe a reduction in defects with E-mode microwave annealing that could be explained with the ponderomotive force.
Grain boundary and its hydrogenated effect in stanene
Authors: Zhu Zhili , Sun Qiang , Jia Yu
Published: March 2016

The geometric and electronic properties of grain boundary (GB) in two-dimensional (2D) stanene have been investigated by first-principles calculations. Four typical GB structures with particularly low formation energies were found. These extended defects act as quasi-one-dimensional semiconductor or metallic wires depending on their geometric structures. Moreover, they are reactive and the adsorption of H atoms at the GB region is more stable than the stanene bulk region. A single H adsorption poses a drastic effect on the electronic behavior of GB defects, and the band structures can be tuned by the coverages of H adsorption at these GB defects in stanene. The present results indicate that GBs are important defects in stanene which may be useful for nanomaterial devices.
Mapping the magnetic hyperfine field in GdCo5
Authors: Krylov V. I. , Bosch-Santos B. , Cabrera-Pasca G. A. , Delyagin N. N. , Carbonari A. W.
Published: March 2016

The magnetic hyperfine field (Bhf) in ferrimagnetic GdCo5 compound has been investigated as a function of temperature by Mössbauer effect (ME) spectroscopy and perturbed angular correlation (PAC) spectroscopy using 119Sn and 111Cd probe nuclei, respectively. Results show that the non-magnetic probe atoms 119Sn and 111Cd substitute all three non-equivalent positions in GdCo5: Gd, CoI, and CoII. For 119Sn and 111Cd probes at Gd sites, the saturation magnetic hyperfine fields are very different with values of Bhf1 = 57.0(1) T and Bhf1= 20.7(1) T, respectively. For 119Sn and 111Cd atoms localized at CoI and CoII sites the magnetic hyperfine fields are practically identical and, in saturation, reach the values of Bhf2 = 11.6(1) T and Bhf2 = 11.1(2) T, and Bhf3 = 14.8(1) T and Bhf3 = 14.4(2) T, respectively.
Insight into the flagella type III export revealed by the complex structure of the type III ATPase and its regulator
Authors: Imada Katsumi , Minamino Tohru , Uchida Yumiko , Kinoshita Miki , Namba Keiichi
Published: March 2016

Significance

The flagellar basal body contains a type III protein export machinery to construct the flagellar axial structure. ATP hydrolysis by FliI facilitates the flagellar protein export, and the ATPase activity is regulated by FliH. In this study, the structure of the homodimer of a FliH fragment (FliH
C
) complexed with FliI has been solved at 3.0-Å resolution. FliH
C2
shows a marked structural similarity to the peripheral stalk of the A/V-type ATPases, and the proposed FliH
C2
–FliI hexamer model resembles in situ electron cryotomographic images. These results suggest that FliH
2
functions as a peripheral stalk of the type III ATPase complex and that the flagellar export system and F/A/V-type ATPases share a similar functional mechanism and close evolutionary relationship.
Soluble (pro)renin receptor via β-catenin enhances urine concentration capability as a target of liver X receptor
Authors: Lu Xiaohan , Wang Fei , Xu Chuanming , Soodvilai Sunny , Peng Kexin , Su Jiahui , Zhao Long , Yang Kevin T. , Feng Yumei , Zhou Shu-Feng , Gustafsson Jan-Åke , Yang Tianxin
Published: March 2016

Significance

The soluble (pro)renin receptor (sPRR) is produced by protease-mediated cleavage of PRR and is elevated under certain pathological conditions. To our knowledge, no prior studies have reported the biological function of sPRR in general or the antidiuretic function of the soluble protein in particular. Here we describe a previously unreported role of sPRR in the enhancement of renal aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression and urine-concentrating capability. We further show that sPRR acts via frizzled class receptor 8-depdendent β-catenin signaling to increase AQP2 expression in the collecting duct cells. These findings offer an unreported insight into the physiological role of sPRR in regulating fluid homeostasis. In addition, we found that liver X receptor activation by TO901317 resulted in diabetes insipidus because of the inhibition of renal PRR expression.
Violence Risk Assessment of Civil Psychiatric Patients with the HCR-20: Does Gender Matter?
Authors: Strub Diane S. , Douglas Kevin S. , Nicholls Tonia L.
Published: March 2016

Over the past three decades, much has been learned about risk factors associated with violence. Subsequently, significant advances have occurred in terms of the conceptualization as well as the communication of violence risk; in particular, numerous risk assessment measures have been developed in order to inform violence prevention efforts. However, most such instruments have been validated predominantly in male populations and research examining their application across genders is scarce. This study investigated the performance of one of the most established violence risk assessment schemes—the Historical/Clinical/Risk Management-20 (HCR-20)—in a sample of 52 men and 48 women receiving short-term inpatient psychiatric care. Results indicated that the HCR-20 as well as its components predicted both the occurrence and imminence of violent outcomes and gender did not moderate those relationships. Exploratory analyses revealed gender differences in the baseline item and scale ratings. Additionally, the HCR-20 demonstrated an association with violent victimization.
Using Drift Video Transects and Maximum Likelihood Geostatistics for Quantifying and Monitoring Exploited Subpopulations of Loxechinus albus at a Mesoscale
Authors: Molinet Carlos , Barahona Nancy , Díaz Manuel , Díaz Patricio A. , Millanao María Olga , Araya Pablo , Subiabre Dagoberto , Niklitschek Edwin J.
Published: March 2016

Population monitoring of benthic species has been complicated by difficulties in defining appropriate spatial units for making observations that are relevant to the management of these fisheries. In many cases, this has led to the application of indirect models of stock evaluation using catch and effort information for estimating global quotas, in spite of the fact that experience suggests that limit reference points should be used. The aim of this study was to research the spatial distribution pattern of the Chilean sea urchin Loxechinus albus at sites identified as fishing beds through direct evaluation. Thus, video transect recordings were used and geostatistical methods were applied to determine the presence of significant spatial units. We found significant spatial structures represented by beds of 1–120 ha with 20,000–2,300,000 sea urchins that revealed fragmentation of the exploited L. albus populations within the study area. Smaller beds were observed close to the landing ports, suggesting that, in the extreme north of the study area, the beds were “in transition” toward becoming unoccupied habitats. This fragmentation is influenced by first-order (habitat availability) and second-order (principally fishing and recruitment) effects. The bed structure observed can be classified as mesoscale, where contraction and expansion dynamics operate. This can lead to persistence, extinction, and reemergence over periods that span more than a generation. Observing the expansion–contraction of these beds can, therefore, be extremely informative when interpreting population and large-scale fishery dynamics. Our hypothesis is that the structure of beds observed is associated with local fishery indicators and therefore can be used to monitor and improve management on a regional scale. This would be particularly useful for such complex regions as the Chilean inland sea, although the methodology requires further adjustment.

Received May 14, 2015; accepted November 12, 2015
Echocardiographic Parameters of Right Ventricular Function Predict Mortality in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shah Trushil G. , Wadia Subeer K. , Kovach Julie , Fogg Louis , Tandon Rajive
Published: March 2016

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) contributes to increased mortality. Our aim is to identify reproducible transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) parameters of RV dysfunction that can be used to predict outcomes in ARDS. We performed a retrospective single‐center cohort pilot study measuring tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), Tei index, RV‐fractional area change (RV‐FAC), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), and septal shift, reevaluated by an independent blinded cardiologist (JK). Thirty‐eight patients were included. Patients were divided on the basis of 30‐day survival. Thirty‐day mortality was 47%. Survivors were younger than nonsurvivors. Survivors had a higher pH, PaO2: FiO2 ratio, and TAPSE. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were lower in survivors. TAPSE has the strongest association with increased 30‐day mortality from date of TTE. Accordingly, TAPSE has a strong positive correlation with PaO2: FiO2 ratios, and Tei index has a strong negative correlation with PaO2: FiO2 ratios. Septal shift was associated with lower PaO2: FiO2 ratios. Decrease in TAPSE, increase in Tei index, and septal shift were seen in the severe ARDS group. In multivariate logistic regression models, TAPSE maintained a significant association with mortality independent of age, pH, PaO2: FiO2 ratios, positive end expiratory pressure, PCO2, serum bicarbonate, plateau pressures, driving pressures, APACHE II, SAPS II, and SOFA scores. In conclusion, TAPSE and other TTE parameters should be used as novel predictive indicators for RV dysfunction in ARDS. These parameters can be used as surrogate noninvasive RV hemodynamic measurements to be manipulated to improve mortality in patients with ARDS and contributory RV dysfunction.
Dynamics between the fishbone instability and nonlocal transient transport in HL-2A NBI plasmas
Authors: Chen W. , Xu Y. , Ding X.T. , Shi Z.B. , Jiang M. , Zhong W.L. , Ji X.Q.
Published: March 2016

Understanding of nonlocal electron heat transport is of key importance for current magnetic confinement fusion research. Global nonlocal response presents a fundamental challenge to the standard anomalous transport model based on local microinstabilities and turbulence. Here, we present for the first time a new nonlocal phenomenon triggered by the fishbone instability in HL-2A neutral beam injection plasmas. Rapid core heating leads to a simultaneous decrease in temperature at the plasma edge. The effect reveals fast anomalous transport of core heat pulses to the plasma edge, not compatible with diffusive time scales. More importantly,

variations at different locations are restricted by the intensity of magnetic fluctuations. The

and

form two types of hysteresis loops at two sides of the inversion radius. The ECEIs show that the 2D mode structure of the fishbone is intensive shearing/spiraling during the nonlocal transport. Experimental results suggest that magnetic perturbation, long-range correlation, mesoscale structure and

flow play crucial roles in the nonlocal response. The Hurst exponent and auto-correlation coefficient indicate that the nonlocal transport is potentially linked to the self-organized critical (SOC) dynamics. This work will be beneficial for understanding of the plasma dynamics in future fusion reactors.
Identification of microtubule growth deceleration and its regulation by conserved and novel proteins
Authors: Lacroix Benjamin , Ryan Joël , Dumont Julien , Maddox Paul S. , Maddox Amy S.
Published: March 2016

Microtubules (MTs) are cytoskeletal polymers that participate in diverse cellular functions, including cell division, intracellular trafficking, and templating of cilia and flagella. MTs undergo dynamic instability, alternating between growth and shortening via catastrophe and rescue events. The rates and frequencies of MT dynamic parameters appear to be characteristic for a given cell type. We recently reported that all MT dynamic parameters vary throughout differentiation of a smooth muscle cell type in intact Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we describe local differences in MT dynamics and a novel MT behavior: an abrupt change in growth rate (deceleration) of single MTs occurring in the cell periphery of these cells. MT deceleration occurs where there is a decrease in local soluble tubulin concentration at the cell periphery. This local regulation of tubulin concentration and MT deceleration are dependent on two novel homologues of human cylicin. These novel ORFs, which we name cylc-1 and -2, share sequence homology with stathmins and encode small, very basic proteins containing several KKD/E repeats. The TOG domain–containing protein ZYG-9TOGpis responsible for the faster polymerization rate within the cell body. Thus we have defined two contributors to the molecular regulation for this novel MT behavior.
MeCorS: Metagenome-enabled error correction of single cell sequencing reads
Authors: Bremges Andreas , Singer Esther , Woyke Tanja , Sczyrba Alexander
Published: March 2016

Summary: We present a new tool, MeCorS, to correct chimeric reads and sequencing errors in Illumina data generated from single amplified genomes (SAGs). It uses sequence information derived from accompanying metagenome sequencing to accurately correct errors in SAG reads, even from ultra-low coverage regions. In evaluations on real data, we show that MeCorS outperforms BayesHammer, the most widely used state-of-the-art approach. MeCorS performs particularly well in correcting chimeric reads, which greatly improves both accuracy and contiguity of de novo SAG assemblies.

Availability and implementation: https://github.com/metagenomics/MeCorS

Contact:  abremges@cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.