bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-perceived health status and number of sick days in people with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Stevanović Jasmina , Bjelović Miloš , Parlić Milan , Gazibara Tatjana , Milić Marija
Published: April 2022

Introduction/Aim: There is a lack of studies focusing on the comparison of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between people with asthma and people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to examine and compare self-reported health status in people who have asthma and people who have COPD. Methods: Data were collected from adult participants who came to primary health care institutions using a general questionnaire to examine their health status and the Serbian version of the HRQOL-14. The propensity score method was used to match people with asthma and COPD on age, gender, education level and adherence to therapy. Results: A total of 1,954 patients (47% men, 53% women) were included in the study. The average age of patients with asthma was 49.4±15.5, whereas the patients with COPD were older - 59.5±12.4. In both groups, 60% of the participants reported their health status as poor. No difference was found between patients with asthma and patients with COPD in terms of self-perceived general health status and the number of sick days. Patients with asthma and COPD reported the greatest number of days with sleep disorders, followed by days with symptoms of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the least number of days with having pain. Conclusion: These data indicate the need to improve sleep patterns in people with asthma and COPD. These data could be used to further examine specific features of sleep among people with asthma and COPD.
Trends in incidence and mortality from pancreatic cancer in Central Serbia, in the period from 1999 to 2019
Authors: Muratović Belma , Nikolić Aleksandra , Šipetić-Grujičić Sandra
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is the fourteenth leading cause of disease and the seventh leading cause of death among all malignant diseases. The aim of the research was to analyze the trends in the incidence and death of pancreatic cancer in central Serbia for the period 1999-2019. years. Methods: The data about diseased and dead, as well as population by sex and age, in the period 1999-2015 were taken over from the Cancer registry of Central Serbia, and the data for 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were obtained from the Institute of Public Health of Serbia. Based on obtained data, we counted crude, specific and standardized rates of incidence and mortality for pancreatic cancers, for all ages. Trends rate in incidence and mortality were counted using joinpoint regression analysis. Results: In the period 1999-2019. In central Serbia, the average annual number of patients was 378 men and 305 women, and the average number of deaths was 406 men and 336 women. The average annual standardized incidence rate (per 100,000) was 7.7 for men and 5.0 for women, and the standardized mortality rate (per 100,000) was 7.9 for men and 5.1 for women. In men, the highest average annual agespecific incidence rate was recorded at the age of 60-69 (39.7 per 100,000), and the mortality rate at the age of 70 and over (42.4 per 100,000). Among women, the highest incidence and mortality rates were in the oldest age (70 and over) and were 25.7 and 34.8 per 100,000. During the observed period, there was a significant increase in standardized incidence rates for men of 2.9% and for women of 3.7% per year. Also, a trend of increasing standardized mortality rates was observed in men (of 1.2%) and women (of 0.6%), but significance was achieved only in men. Conclusion: In the period 1999-2019. in central Serbia, incidence and mortality rates are on the rise. Research on risk factors for the development of this disease is necessary in order to take preventive measures. Also, early detection and timely therapy should contribute to the reduction of death from this malignancy.
Sobre las estrategias metodológicas de los/as educadores/as para contribuir al empoderamiento juvenil
Authors: Trull-Oliva Carme , Janer-Hidalgo Ángela , Corbella Molina Laura , Soler-Masó Pere , González-Martínez Juan
Published: April 2022

Si partimos de la idea de que los/as educadores/as son agentes importantes en el proceso de empoderamiento juvenil, a través de este estudio, se pretende analizar la visión de los profesionales de la educación sobre el uso de determinadas metodologías y estrategias, útiles y eficaces en los procesos empoderadores de los jóvenes. Se plantea un análisis cuantitativo por medio de un cuestionario autoadministrado, respondido por una muestra validada de 696 educadores de cinco comunidades del territorio español. Este análisis permite describir y analizar las estrategias metodológicas de los educadores y educadoras en su contribución a los procesos de empoderamiento juvenil y, determinar qué relación tiene el uso de esas estrategias con factores personales como el tamaño del territorio donde trabajan, la experiencia profesional, la formación específica en juventud o el ámbito de intervención en el que se ubican. En general, todos los profesionales están de acuerdo con la importancia de utilizar metodologías activas y participativas para promover y empoderar a los jóvenes, y declaran aplicarlas de manera generalizada junto a un acompañamiento del joven durante el proceso educativo. Más allá de este diagnóstico inicial, la investigación permite identificar diferencias importantes entre la aplicación de estas metodologías en el contexto rural y el urbano (donde se aplican más intensamente) o en función de si el/la educador/a ha obtenido formación específica en juventud; sin embargo, otras variables personales como la experiencia profesional o la edad del/de la educador/a no se muestran tan explicativas en este análisis. Finalmente, los ámbitos de ejercicio profesional nos permiten asociar determinados perfiles metodológicos.
Aproximación jurídico-constitucional al régimen penal marroquí: la custodia policial o detención preventiva y elementos básicos de justicia penal
Authors: Oehling de los Reyes Alberto
Published: April 2022

La Constitución de Marruecos de 2011 cumplirá en julio diez años de vigencia. Con la aparición de este nuevo texto constitucional se constituyó un nuevo marco político, social y económico en el reino alauita. En el contexto penal y procesal, daría lugar a varias reformas para adaptar el sistema penal marroquí a los principios de la nueva Constitución y a las obligaciones internacionales de derechos humanos. Este estudio trata de analizar la efectividad de esta adaptación en dos puntos específicos de relevancia constitucional y penal: la custodia policial o detención preventiva y el nivel de rigor y represión del Derecho penal.
Libertad de circulación de las personas, leyes de policía sanitaria y COVID-19
Authors: García Majado Patricia
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo trata de analizar, por un lado, la cobertura jurídica de las limitaciones generalizadas de la libertad de circulación, espaciales (cierres perimetrales) o temporales (confinamientos nocturnos) impuestas con ocasión de la pandemia del Covid-19 al amparo de la legislación sanitaria especial sobre salud pública. Por otro, estudia el mecanismo de autorización y ratificación de medidas sanitarias por parte de la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa, todo ello en aras de comprobar la viabilidad de la imposición de dichas medidas al margen del Derecho de excepción y los problemas que ésta plantea.
Participación política de las mujeres en el proceso constituyente chileno
Authors: Sánchez Lobos Leslie , Figueroa Rubio Pamela
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo tiene por finalidad analizar el desarrollo histórico-político de la participación política de mujeres y, en particular, su especial importancia en la incorporación en el proceso constituyente en Chile, donde por primera vez en el mundo existirá un órgano constituyente elegido con paridad en el resultado. Analizaremos y expondremos el contrato social y la participación de la mujer en la toma de decisiones (el desarrollo de la participación política de las mujeres en la historia constitucional de Chile); la incorporación de la ley de cuotas en 2015 como antecedente de la paridad; las dificultades que se han debido sortear y los dispositivos legales utilizados para obtener una cuota garantizada en el futuro órgano constituyente, para —finalmente— señalar algunos ejes orgánicos y programáticos centrales que se deben tener presente en el próximo proceso constituyente para incorporar, así, la perspectiva de género en el futuro texto constitucional.
The Urge to Merge: Ritual Insult and the Evolution of Syntax
Authors: Progovac Ljiljana , Locke John L.
Published: April 2022

Throughout recorded history, sexually mature males have issued humorous insults in public. These ‘verbal duels’ are thought to discharge aggressive dispositions, and to provide a way to compete for status and mating opportunities without risking physical altercations. But, is there evidence that such verbal duels, and sexual selection in general, played any role in the evolution of specific principles of language, syntax in particular? In this paper, concrete linguistic data and analysis will be presented which indeed point to that conclusion. The prospect will be examined that an intermediate form of ‘proto-syntax’, involving ‘proto-Merge’, evolved in a context of ritual insult. This form, referred to as exocentric compound, can be seen as a ‘living fossil’ of this stage of proto-syntax — providing evidence not only of ancient structure (syntax/semantics), but also arguably of sexual selection.
Danish Vestigial Case and the Acquisition of Vocabulary in Distributed Morphology
Authors: Parrott Jeffrey K.
Published: April 2022

As Halle & Marantz (2008: 71) acknowledge, “we have no real idea about how a child assigns features to Vocabulary Items” in Distributed Morphology (DM). Stated generally, how do children acquire language-specific (sometimes variable) mappings between morpho-syntactic features and their morpho-phonological exponents? Following Emonds (1986) in a DM framework, this article advances a testable ‘morphological transparency’ constraint on the acquisition of Vocabulary, and presents supporting results from a pilot observational child-language study in Danish. This constraint explains a significant difference in the mechanisms of Germanic case morphology. By hypothesis, ‘vestigial’ case forms of English and Danish pronouns are contextual allomorphs, with Vocabulary that do not contain any morpho-syntactic case features. Vestigial-case mechanisms constitute a comprehensive analysis of intra-individually variable case-form mismatches in coordinate Determiner Phrases, predicate nominals, and other syntactic structures. Thus, a principle of language acquisition ultimately explains the distribution of case forms both within and across language varieties.
The Cartography of Ibero-Romance Agrammatic Deficits
Authors: Martinez-Ferreiro Silvia
Published: April 2022

This paper aims at examining whether grammatical errors produced by Broca’s aphasics are a consequence of a selective impairment of functional categories in three closely related Ibero-Romance languages — Catalan, Galician, and Spanish — for which almost no work had hitherto been done. In addition, a reinterpretation will be proposed under cartographical terms (Cinque 1999, 2002, 2006, Belletti 2004, Rizzi 2004) of previous structural neurolinguistic models of agrammatic production, more specifically the Tree-Pruning Hypothesis (Friedmann 1994, Friedmann & Grodzinsky 1997, and subsequent work). Cartography has been applied to the field of language variation. However, the present article constitute a completely new use. Since the Tree-Pruning Hypothesis was based on a model of monolithic nodes, the application of the cartographic tree structure provides us with further insights about the degree of structural preservation or damage of functional categories.
Embodied Social Cognition and Embedded Theory of Mind
Authors: Fenici Marco
Published: April 2022

Embodiment and embeddedness define an attractive framework to the study of cognition. I discuss whether theory of mind, i.e. the ability to attribute mental states to others to predict and explain their behaviour, fits these two principles. In agreement with available evidence, embodied cognitive processes may underlie the earliest manifestations of social cognitive abilities such as infants’ selective behaviour in spontaneous-response false belief tasks. Instead, late theory-of-mind abilities, such as the capacity to pass the (elicited-response) false belief test at age four, depend on children’s ability to explain people’s reasons to act in conversation with adults. Accordingly, rather than embodied, late theory-of-mind abilities are embedded in an external linguistic practice.
Three Ways to Bridge the Gap between Perception and Action, and Language
Authors: Petit Jean-Luc
Published: April 2022

A rallying cry in some sectors of cognitive science, the embodiment of language is understood here in the full content of meaning of phenomenological tradition to help assess the remaining distance from neuroscience to a science of language, provided that tracking down in the brain neural events correlative of verbal behavior would not be sufficient. From an eidetic standpoint, one must build the transition between perceptive, pragmatic and semantic morphologies. From the point of view of subjective experience, one must understand how it is possible that we move from our sensory and kinaesthetic experiences to verbal expressions of a sense that could be shared by others. That is why, in order to prevent neglect of any dimension of embodiment of language, we would rather plead for a threefold approach than concede that the current naturalistic mode is the only possible.
What Is Un-Cartesian Linguistics?
Authors: Hinzen Wolfram
Published: April 2022

Un-Cartesian linguistics is a research program with the aim of rethinking the nature of grammar as a domain of scientific inquiry, raising new questions about the constitutive role of grammar in the organization of our (rational) minds and selves. It reformulates the ‘Cartesian’ foundations of the modern Universal Grammar project, shifting emphasis away from the study of a domain-specific ‘innate’ module separate from thought, to the study of a sapiens-specific mode of cognition conditioned by both grammatical and lexical organization, and thus a particular cognitive phenotype, which is uniquely also a linguistic one. The purpose of this position paper is to introduce and motivate this new concept in its various dimensions and in accessible terms, and to define the ‘Un-Cartesian Hypothesis’: that the grammaticalization of the hominin brain in the evolutionary transition to our species uniquely explains why our cognitive mode involves a capacity for thought in a propositional format.
From Wallace’s Problem to Owen’s Solution: A Review of More than Nature Needs by Derek Bickerton
Authors: Lorenzo Guillermo , Balari Sergio
Published: April 2022

Review of More than Nature Needs by Derek Bickerton
Lenneberg’s Contributions to the Biology of Language and Child Aphasiology: Resonation and Brain Rhythmicity as Key Mechanisms
Authors: Hoshi Koji
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to re-evaluate the legacy of Eric Lenneberg’s monumental Biological Foundations of Language, with special reference to his biolinguistic framework and view on (child) aphasiology. The argument draws from the following concepts from Lenneberg’s work: (i) language (latent struc- ture vs. realized structure) as independent of externalization; (ii) resonance theory; (iii) brain rhythmicity; and (iv) aphasia as temporal dysfunction. Specifically, it will be demonstrated that Lenneberg’s original version of the critical period hypothesis and his child aphasiology lend themselves to elucidating a child aphasia of epileptic origin called Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS), thereby opening a possible hope for recovery from the disease. Moreover, it will be claimed that, to the extent that the language disorder in LKS can be couched in these terms, it can serve as strong “liv- ing” evidence in support of Lenneberg’s critical period hypothesis and his view on child aphasiology.
Reperformance: a presença em questão
Authors: Freitas Artur Correia de
Published: April 2022

A proposta básica desta pesquisa foi esboçar uma definição possível de reperformance, cotejando-a com a problemática geral da relação entre presença e arquivo no campo das atividades performáticas. Para tanto, considerou-se a eclosão histórica das reperformances, típica dos anos 2000, a partir da exposição Seven Easy Pieces, de Marina Abramović, com ênfase na análise de um caso-exemplar – a obra Seedbed – e nas eventuais aproximações e diferenças que esta manteve com a performance de “origem”, de Vito Acconci. Como resultado, propôs-se a noção de “redução arquival” como uma categoria central para a definição de reperformance, considerando-se suas potencialidades dialógicas, de ordem trans-histórica.
The Engage Model: A Proposed Educational Administrative Model of Change Leadership for School Leaders
Authors:   Faculty of Educational Leadership, University of Jordan, Jordan, Nadia F. Kharbat  , Rateb AlSoud  ,   Faculty of Educational Leadership, University of Jordan, Jordan
Published: April 2022

Today’s 21st century education systems have been working hard to achieve a sustainable change required for their institutions to help them improve and grow. Educational leaders should realize that change is becoming more challenging and that the conventional approach to organizational change is no longer neither efficient nor adequate. Despite the improvement achieved in the educational system, in general, and in the development of educational leadership as a key input, in specific, there are still challenges and difficulties facing educational change leadership. Consequently, the researchers propose an educational administrative model for change leadership in light of the ADKAR model and the employee engagement factor for school leaders. To achieve the objectives of the study, the Synthetic-Analytic Approach is followed, through reviewing and analyzing educational change leadership concept via the literature and previous relevant studies. Accordingly, the researchers recommend that educational leaders in schools would adopt this model and apply it in different change practices, to develop and improve the educational process continuously.
The Application of The Fuzzy Delphi Method (Fdm) in Developing Contract Parameters For Shari‘ah Compliant E-Commerce
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang, Suhaimi Roshaimizam , Ahmad Ismail ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang, Mahaiyadin Mohd Hapiz ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang
Published: April 2022

E-commerce has become a norm among today’s world community including in Malaysia. The Muslim community, with no exception, is also involved in this modern transaction as it is now expanding rapidly. Nevertheless, such transactions need to be ensured in accordance with the principle of sale and purchase according to the Islamic fiqh. Using a quantitative approach based on the Fuzzy Delphi Method, this study aims to analyse the consensus of 12 panels of muamalat experts to develop items that need to be present in the Shari‘ah compliant e-commerce contract parameters. This research adopts the research design based on the design and development (DDR) technic involving three phases – analysis, design and development, and evaluation phases. This article aims to analyse the second phase of the process and findings, that is, the design and development phase. This phase intends to analyse the group consensus on the 29 parameters suggested by the researcher. The process involves some procedures for obtaining threshold value (d), percentage of expert consensus, and defuzzification value using Likert 7-Point scale questionnaire instrument. The result of the study comes to a conclusion that the expert group has reached a consensus for 28 item parameters with defuzzification value exceeding the value of α-cut = 0.5 (based on the threshold value ≤ 0.2 and expert consensus exceeding 75%). The findings also show the dimension of products and prices reaches the highest value compared to the dimensions of contracting parties and form of contract. In short, the application of Fuzzy Delphi Method has resulted in a Shari‘ah compliant e-commerce contract parameters which can contribute to larger studies, such as the development of Shari‘ah compliant e-commerce transaction model or prototype.
Translating Collocation Between Arabic And English: An Analytical Study Of The Translation Of Arabic Novel “Men In The Sun”
Authors:   Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Ibrahim Omnia Ahmed Abdelwanis , Ibrahim Majdi ,   Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Published: April 2022

This study aims at addressing methods of translating collocations by analyzing a set of collocations selected from the Arabic novel “Men in the Sun” by Ghassan Kanfani and comparing them with their English translation by Hilary Kilpatrick, in order to identify how successful the English translation is in transmitting the Arabic collocations and their meanings and to identify the various methods in translating them. To achieve the objective of the study, ten (10) collocations have been selected, five (5) nominal and five (5) verbal to be analyzed and studied based on the grammatical structure model constructed and introduced by Hassan Ghazalah. The study indicates that the translator’s methods were diversified between those that preserve the meaning as well as the original Arabic grammatical structure, the methods that preserve the meaning without the original grammatical structure, the methods that partially transmit the meaning of the original collocation and other methods that ignore the meaning completely.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in OIC Countries: Implications on Healthcare System
Authors:   International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, M. Munirah , M.D. Nurazzura ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, S. Suhaiza ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main causes of death around the world, including countries under the banner of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The surge in the prevalence of CVDs is predominantly contributed by demographic changes and adoption of sedentary lifestyles together with deficient in physical activity. The objective of this paper is to examine the patterns of CVDs in OIC countries and how this has significantly affected the healthcare system. Relevant data from 56 OIC countries were obtained from the report by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016. Descriptive content analysis was conducted to see variations in CVDs across income groups, genders and health conditions. The analysis suggests that CVDs are the main cause of mortality, particularly in high income and upper-middle income countries. Tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, high blood pressure and obesity are the common risk factors which contribute to CVDs. Men are known to have high risk factors compared to women. Indeed, the burden of NCDs has impacted not only on the quality of life of affected individuals and their families, but also on the country’s socio-economic system.
The Relationship Between Elements of Balaghah and Narration in The Story of Moses
Authors:   Sultan Zainal Abidin University 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, Anas M. , Zubir B.N. ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, Engku Atek E.S. ,   Sultan Zainal Abidin University 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

This study intends to unravel the balaghah aspect which supports the narrative structure of the story between Moses with the Pious Man in Surah al-Kahf as an effort to highlight the aesthetic value of the story. The two main elements of discussion are given the focal attention in the analysis, namely the balaghah aspects and the narrative structure to demonstrate the coordination between the two elements. This study applies the analytical method by extracting the aspects of balaghah through the conventional approach practiced and introduced by the Abd Al-Qāhir Al-Jurjānī. This approach explains the existence of the close relationship between the balaghah aspect and the narrative technique. The balaghah aspect is the element being analysed however this study attempts to relate the approach with the narrative structures. In analyzing Quranic texts related to Moses with the Pious Man, this study unravels the narrative structure found in the text by examining the balaghah aspects that support the structures. This analysis does not cover other available narratives which are not related to this particular story. This analysis also focuses on the word choice, the arrangement in the text, the rational of using the word and its implication, and the lesson and example derived from the narrative. Hence, with this approach, the analysis is expected to provide answers especially to the priority given by the Quran to certain utterances in supporting the narrative structure of this story in an effort to highlight the compatibility and harmony between the balaghah aspects and the narrative structure, which lure the readers towards the beauty and uniqueness of the language found in the Quran, while simultaneously contribute new findings from different aspects.
Penggunaan Pendekatan Teori Sistemik dalam Proses Kaunseling Keluarga: Implikasi Pendidikan dan Latihan Kaunselor Malaysia
Authors:   Faculty of Education, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd. Noor Norhayati , Mahdzir Akbariah ,   Malaysia Jepun Institute Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur
Published: April 2022

Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka penggunaan pendekatan sistemik dalam amalan kaunseling keluarga oleh kaunselor di pelbagai ‘setting’ pusat kaunseling komuniti di Malaysia. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan 12 kaunselor dari Pusat Kaunseling Majlis Agama Negeri Sembilan, Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat dan Lembaga Penduduk dan Pembangunan Keluarga Negara melalui kaedah tembual mendalam. Analisis data dilakukan secara tematik dengan menggunakan perisian Nvivo 11. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa semua kaunselor menggunakan pendekatan sistem/sistemik dalam mengendalikan kes keluarga. Pendekatan terapi sistemik yang menjadi pilihan pengamal kaunseling adalah Pelbagaigenerasi, Struktural, Strategik, dan Brief. Faktor pengunaan, pemilihan dan amalan pendekatan sistemik dalam kalangan kaunselor dibincangkan di dalam artikel ini.
Motivasi Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik Pelajar Dalam Aktiviti Kemahiran Membaca Teks Arab
Authors:   Fakulti Bahasa dan Komunikasi, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia, Yah@Alias Mohd Hazli , Lubis Maimun Aqsha ,   Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

Motivasi merupakan antara faktor pendorong kepada perlakuan individu dalam aktiviti membaca. Sorotan literatur menunjukkan keberkesanan aktiviti membaca banyak bergantung kepada galakan dan rangsangan daripada faktor dalaman (intrinsik) dan luaran (ekstrinsik). Namun begitu, tahap kesedaran mengenai peranan dan kepentingan motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik dalam mempertingkatkan kemahiran dan kefahaman bacaan teks Bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa ke dua masih lagi rendah. Menyedari hal yang demikian, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti serta memerihalkan tahap dan jenis motivasi dalam membaca teks Arab di kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah agama di Malaysia. Metodologi kajian adalah berbentuk kajian tinjauan melibatkan seramai 506 peserta kajian yang dipilih secara pensampelan rawak berkelompok. Data kajian dikumpulkan menggunakan borang soal selidik dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap motivasi membaca teks Arab dalam kalangan pelajar secara keseluruhannya adalah tinggi (min=3.69). Para pelajar didapati lebih terdorong dengan motivasi ekstrinsik berbanding intrinsik. Dapatan kajian turut mendapati kesemua dimensi motivasi ekstrinsik iaitu gred, pengiktirafan, persaingan dan pematuhan mencapai tahap min yang tinggi berbanding intrinsik yang mencapai tahap min sederhana. Implikasi kajian ini menjelaskan bahawa pengenalpastian tahap dan jenis motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik pelajar dilihat wajar dieksploitasi sebagai pemangkin kepada perancangan dan penambahbaikan aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam mempertingkatkan efikasi kendiri pelajar sekaligus berpotensi mencapai kecemerlangan.
Schema representations in distinct brain networks support narrative memory during encoding and retrieval
Authors: Masís-Obando Rolando , Norman Kenneth A , Baldassano Christopher
Published: April 2022

Schematic prior knowledge can scaffold the construction of event memories during perception and also provide structured cues to guide memory search during retrieval. We measured the activation of story-specific and schematic representations using fMRI while participants were presented with 16 stories and then recalled each of the narratives, and related these activations to memory for specific story details. We predicted that schema representations in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) would be correlated with successful recall of story details. In keeping with this prediction, an anterior mPFC region showed a significant correlation between activation of schema representations at encoding and subsequent behavioral recall performance; however, this mPFC region was not implicated in schema representation during retrieval. More generally, our analyses revealed largely distinct brain networks at encoding and retrieval in which schema activation was related to successful recall. These results provide new insight into when and where event knowledge can support narrative memory.
The effect of delirium information training given to intensive care nurses on patient care: quasi-experimental study
Authors: Yıldırım Fulya , Türkleş Serpil , Altundal Duru Hilal
Published: April 2022

Background

Training programs aiming to improve delirium diagnosis and management skills increase nurses’ care efficiency and improve patients’ health outcomes. This study was conducted to examine the effect of delirium information training on patient care by intensive care nurses.

Methods

In the research, one group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used. The study sample consisted of 30 nurses working in four intensive care units of a university hospital between November 05, 2018, and February 15, 2019. The Personal Information Form, the Checklist for the Care of the Patient in Delirium, and the Confusion Assessment Scale for the Intensive Care Unit were used to collect the data. Intensive care nurses were provided with information training supported by a training booklet in two sessions of 40 min each.

Results

In the study, according to the Checklist for the Care of the Patient in Delirium, while the pre-test point average of the nurses was 6.17 ± 2.29, the post-test point average had increased to 11.17 ± 1.51 (p < 0.001). After the training, it was determined that there was a significant increase in the percentage of nurses who stated that they evaluated and detected whether their patients had pain, hallucinations, and delusions (p < 0.001). As a result, it has been determined that providing delirium information training to intensive care nurses positively affects the care of patients with delirium. In addition, it has been determined that with the Confusion Assessment Scale for Intensive Care Unit, nurses can provide the care they need to patients at risk in terms of delirium by identifying delirium.
Los desafíos de la escritura académica: concepciones y experiencias de estudiantes graduados en seis áreas de conocimiento
Authors:   Universidad de O’Higgins (Chile), Navarro Federico , Montes Soledad ,   Universidad de O’Higgins (Chile)
Published: April 2022

Las concepciones situadas sobre escritura impactan en las actitudes y procesos vinculados al escribir en educación superior; conocerlas mejor puede ayudar al desarrollo de iniciativas efectivas de alfabetización académica. Sin embargo, aún es infrecuente hallar estudios que contrasten las concepciones de estudiantes de diferentes ámbitos disciplinares. Esta investigación analiza cualitativa y cuantitativamente las concepciones y experiencias de 180 estudiantes graduados de seis  reas disciplinares de una universidad estatal, metropolitana y altamente selectiva de Chile. Los resultados muestran que en el pregrado se escriben géneros avanzados, situados y de elevada dificultad, requeridos para el logro académico, y que los estudiantes tienen concepciones complejas de escritura como actividad retórica, pero también como actividad escolar, individual y sin enseñanza explícita. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad —y la oportunidad— de impulsar iniciativas de enseñanza de la escritura a través del currículum y de las etapas formativas.
Polysemy and semantic relations in Aquilan prepositions
Authors:   Central China Normal University (China), Ursini Francesco-Alessio , Long Haiping ,   China Three Gorges Universit (China)
Published: April 2022

The goal of this paper is to offer an analysis of polysemy and related semantic relations emerging in prepositions belonging to Aquilan, a dialect of Italian. The data are based on fieldwork research, in which different polysemy tests where used in an experimental setting. Two key results emerged from the study. First, Aquilan prepositions display a degree of polysemy inversely proportional to their morphological complexity, with some prepositions being monosemous (e.g. a, a destra de, ‘ngima a). Second, prepositions’ senses can stand in relations of colexification, partial synonymy, or hyponymy. Colexification holds when related senses become part of a preposition’s sense range; hyponymy and partial synonymy (overlap) when one preposition denotes all or some of the places denoted by a second preposition. The work thus offers a paradigmatic view of the polysemy of Aquilan prepositions that sheds light on seldom attested polysemy patterns, and contributes novel insights on the ongoing debate on this phenomenon.
Research of Tax Avoidance in Indonesia: A Bibliographic Study
Authors: Sinaga Rizki Triyani , Evana Einde , Dharma Fitra
Published: April 2022

Aims: This study aims to provide an overview of the development of tax avoidance research in Indonesia from 12 accredited national journals ranked 1 & 2.

Study Design: The methods used in this research are the charting the field and analyzing the community methods.

Place and Duration of Study: The sample of this study includes 27 articles that discuss tax avoidance in Indonesia with an observation period of 2012 to 2018.

Methodology: This study selects several research results regarding of tax avoidance research in Indonesia from 12 accredited national journals then grouped them based on the topic and research method.

Results: The mapping results show that the most tax avoidance research publications are in the Accounting Journal (22%). The topic of antecedents of tax avoidance research is antecedent and there are 28 antecedent variables from 23 articles. The most studied antecedent variable is corporate governance. Consequence topics are 4 articles with 5 variables. The research sample that dominates is manufacturing companies (41%) and 63% of articles use a sample size of more than 100. The most widely used tax avoidance proxies are Effective Tax Rate (ETR), Current ETR, and Cash ETR. The citation rate of tax avoidance research reached 163 in the observation period and 67% of articles had received citations. The topics most cited are the antecedents of corporate governance, firm size, liquidity, leverage, and earnings management.

Conclusion: Based on the research topic, Citation analysis shows the number of research citations on tax avoidance for the last 7 years is 163 out of 27 articles. 67% of tax evasion articles have received citations and 33% of tax evasion articles have not received citations. The citations most related to antecedent variables include corporate governance, firm size, liquidity, leverage, and earnings management. This research has limitations. This tax avoidance research mapping is only based on research samples using empirical quantitative methods. Other surveys, qualitative, and literature reviews, have not been widely used in nationally accredited journals. However, there are 4 articles not with an empirical quantitative approach. This provides a great opportunity to develop tax avoidance research in Indonesia.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension among Private and Public Secondary School Teachers in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: John P. C. , Oparaocha E. T. , Dozie W. U.
Published: April 2022

Hypertension is one of the major attributable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. It affects both high and low income groups. There is need for constant research to be done to evaluate its prevalence. This study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among private and public secondary school teachers in Benin City, Edo State. A cross sectional study design was employed in this study. Twelve (12) schools in Benin City were selected using a multistage sampling technique and 252 teachers were equally drafted from both public and private secondary schools using the same technique. One hundred and twenty-six teachers each from both public and private secondary schools participated in the study. A constructive standardized questionnaires was used to collect data. Blood pressures of the participants were measured using a digital blood pressure apparatus. Anthropometric measurements such as the height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference of the participants were also taken. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package and Service Solution (SPSS) version 22.0. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Findings from the study revealed an overall prevalence of hypertension rate of (37.3%) for public secondary school teachers and (26.2%) for private secondary school teachers, though not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Age was found to be a significant factor of hypertension (p = 0.001) among the private secondary school teachers. The ≤ 40 years, had the highest prevalence of hypertension (63.3%) than those aged ≥ 41 years (36.7%). While teachers in public secondary school aged ≥ 41 years recorded the highest prevalence of hypertension (80.0%) than those ages ≤ 40 years (20.0%). Monthly income showed a statistical significance with hypertension prevalence (p = 0.005) among teachers in private secondary schools, with higher number of hypertensive teachers (84.8%) earning ≤ ₦49,999. A higher number of hypertensive teachers (93.6%) in public secondary school earned ≥ ₦50,000, and monthly income did not have significant impact on hypertension prevalence among this study group. BMI also influenced hypertension prevalence among the surveyed public (p = 0.022) and private (p = 0.009) secondary school teachers with the prevalence being more among public (70.2%) compared to private secondary school teacher. Family history did not show significant impact on prevalence of hypertension. The result of this study showed a high prevalence of hypertension among the surveyed groups, therefore there is need for general public health education, periodic screening and monitoring of the blood pressure of teachers to be incorporated into the school health program.
Predictors of Mucocutaneous Disorders in HIV-infected Children in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria
Authors: U. S. Azubogu , O. G. Innocent , B. Otike-Odibi , N. I. Paul
Published: April 2022

Background: Unindentified and untreated mucocutaneous disorders can lead to adverse consequences among HIV-infected children. These include physical discomfort, disfigurement , loss of school attendance, social stigma , low self esteem and depression

Aim: To determine the predictors of mucocutaneous disorders in HIV-infected children receiving care in two tertiary hospitals in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria.

Place and Duration of Study: the study was conducted over a six month period at the Pediatric infectious diseases clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) Port Harcourt.

Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional study involving 372 HIV-infected children. Study participants were recruited by simple random sampling. Diagnosis of mucocutaneous disorders was based on clinical findings and relevant laboratory investigations.

Results: The prevalence of mucocutaneous disorders in the study subjects was 30.1% with Pruritic Papular Eruptions as the most occurring lesion. Factors predictive of the occurrence of mucocutaneous disorders in HIV-Infected-subjects included: low socio-economic status (p-value=0.048;AOR=1.81, 95% CI=1.01-3.24), sub-optimal adherence to HAART (p-value=0.008; AOR=2.72,95% CI=1.29-5.73), WHO clinical stages 3 and 4 (p-value=0.043;AOR=2.48,95% CI=1.03-5.97) and non viral suppression (p-value=0.0001; AOR=15.78, 95% CI=8.52-29.25).

Conclusion: The presence of these factors in a HIV-infected child indicates a need for prompt evaluation for mucocutaneous lesions so as to limit morbidity and mortality from these disorders.
Equal and Odd of Generalized Euler Function for Successive Integers
Authors: Linfeng Xia , Zhongyan Shen
Published: April 2022

Euler function \(\varphi(n)\) and generalized Euler function \(\varphi_{e}(n)\) are two important functions in number theory. Using the idea of classified discussion and determination of prime types, we study the solutions of odd number of generalized Euler function equations  \(\varphi_{e}(n)=\varphi_{e}(n+1)\) and obtain all the values satisfying the corresponding conditions, where \(e=2,3,4,6\).
Ethosomes: A Novel Approach in Vesicular Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Rada Santosh Kumar , Yadav Shubham
Published: April 2022

Transdermal drug delivery is a dosage form that is applied topically to the skin layer (epidermis) which helps to deliver the drug into the skin layer before entering the systemic circulation. Ethosomes are soft, and flexible vesicles which helps in rapid drug absorption. Ethosomes have better pharmaceutical properties than the conventional liposomes such as room temperature stability, and improved compatibility with the Stratum Corneum barrier. Ethosomes are non-toxic in nature and can be used in the preparation of cosmeceutical and it has better drug absorption to the skin. The most common disadvantage of ethosome is that it might not be cost-effective. The ethosomal patches might not stick to all skin types. The mechanism of ethosomes is mainly occurred due to increased lipid fluidity within the cell membrane caused by the ethanol in ethosome. As a result, skin permeability is increased. Ethosomes can be prepared by using cold method and hot method. Ethosome consists of various evaluation parameters which includes permeability studies, drug content studies, interaction study between the vesicle and filter membrane. Ethosomes can deliver various highly lipophilic drugs like minoxidil, testosome, CBD, and other antibiotic drugs. The most widely used application for ethosomal formulation is to transport the DNA topically into the skin layer for gene expression and hence ethosomes are used in the delivering the vaccines by transdermal route. Additionally, a study in this field allows for improved regulation of medication release in vivo and long-term safety analysis, providing effective treatment. Ethosomal preparations have promising future in delivering bioactive substances via transdermal distribution. The discovery of ethosomes and vesicle derivatives was a crucial breakthrough in vesicle research. Ethosomes are preferred because they are non-irritant to the GIT tract and avoid first-pass metabolism.
Excavations to the west of Gogar Mains, Edinburgh
Authors: Will Bob , James Heather F , Ballin Torben Bjarke , Ballin Smith Beverley , Ramsay Susan
Published: April 2022

This report records the results of the excavation of a multi-period site that was discovered within the construction corridor of the Edinburgh tram line. The site is located to the west of Gogar Mains (NGR: NT 1577 7276) and to the east of the Park and Ride car park by Edinburgh Airport. It was discovered during an archaeological evaluation in 2006 along the proposed tram route. Following this, an open area excavation uncovered a range of features and structures that date from the Neolithic and Bronze Age through to the Late Iron Age and early medieval period. These features include a palisaded enclosure, two possible corn-drying kilns and a dense concentration of post-holes and pits. During the course of the tram construction programme a military pillbox next to the airport was recorded in advance of demolition (see Appendix).
New Structural Insights into Densely Assembled Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes
Authors: Cao Yang , Xiong Zhiyuan , Xia Fang , Franks George V. , Zu Lianhai , Wang Xiao , Hora Yvonne , Mudie Stephen , He Zijun , Qu Longbing , Xing Yanlu , Li Dan
Published: April 2022

Densely assembled graphene‐based membranes have attracted substantial interest for their widespread applications, such as compact capacitive energy storage, ion/molecular separation, gas barrier films, and flexible electronics. However, the multiscale structure of densely packed graphene membranes remains ambiguously understood. This article combines X‐ray and light scattering techniques as well as dynamic electrosorption analysis to uncover the stacking structure of the densely stacked reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes. The membranes are produced by reducing graphene oxide (GO) membranes with hydrazine, during which the colloidal interactions between GO sheets are modulated by the electrolyte solution. In contrast to the common notion that direct reduction of densely assembled GO sheets in parallel tends to result in significant “graphitization”, this article unexpectedly discovers that the resultant densely packed rGO membrane can still retain the interconnected network nanochannels and show good capacitive performances. This inspires the development of a hierarchical structural model to describe the densely packed rGO membranes. This article further shows that the nanochannel network can be fine‐tuned at the sub‐nanometer level by tailoring the salt concentration and the reduction temperature to render exceptional volumetric capacitance and good rate performance for rGO membranes even with increased packing density.