bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of NPHS1 Genetic Variations in Cohort of Egyptian Patients with Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Samy Amira , Elkaffas Rasha , Fadel Fatina , Mosaad Nehad , Madani Hanan
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Autosomal recessive variations in NPHS1 gene represent common cause of congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS). The disease is characterized by considerable proteinuria presenting in the first 90days of life. CNS has a poor outcome and usually leads to end stage renal disease by 2-3 years of life.   NPHS1 encodes the protein nephrin, expressed in inter-podocyte slit diaphragm. Aim of work: The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to perform the analysis of the NPHS1 gene in 24 Egyptian patients with CNS aiming to determine the molecular cause of the disease and to detect their phenotype/genotype correlations. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing of exons (3,4,6,7,18,19) of NPHS1 gene was performed in 24 neonates with CNS with median age 25 days (1-90 day). Results:  three pathogenic variants were detected in five patients. They were one frame shift variant in exon 19, one missense de novo variant in exon 6 and one In-frame deletion variant in exon 4. Three benign variants were seen in seven patients in exon and intron 3. Conclusion: although the number of patient included in the study is small, but the results of the study presented de novo likely pathogenic mutation in exon 6 not reported before in 2 patients and 2 reported pathogenic variants. Molecular diagnosis is advised to be performed early in the diagnosis of CNS to avoid unnecessary immunesupp-ression and start early suitable treatment.
Biochemical, physiological, and molecular characterisation of a large collection of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria isolated from Brazilian soils
Authors: Rosa Martins Paulo Henrique , Rabinovitch Leon , Orem Juliana , Silva Waldeyr , Mesquita Felipe , Magalhaes Maria , Cavalcante Danilo , Vivoni Adriana , Brito Josiane , Oliveira Edmar , Lima Vera , De-Souza Marlene
Published: May 2022

The aerobic endospore-forming bacteria (AEFB) comprise species of Bacillus and related genera, allocated in the phylum Firmicutes. Although Bacillus spp. are among the first bacteria to be characterised, the wide diversity renders appropriate categorisation and generalisations challenging tasks. To determine genetic diversity, analyses at the molecular level are the most accurate. However, gene expression, morphological, biochemical, and physiological aspects must also be considered. The metabolism of bacteria is adapted to their natural environment or host. Thus, metabolic outlines can be used for identifying AEFB, form the basis of the formal description of bacterial taxa, and are strongly recommended for taxonomic purposes. This work addressed the biochemical and physiological profiles of 312 environmental AEFB—designated as SDF (Solo do Distrito Federal)—by performing 30 tests. Out of it, 246 were classified by 16S rRNA gene sequences. We summarised the phenotypic test relationships among selected SDF strains using a Pearson correlation-based clustering represented in heatmaps. In practice, biochemical and physiological profiles are often less discriminatory than molecular data and may be unstable because of the loss of traits. Though these test reactions are not universally positive or negative within species, they may define biotypes and be efficient strain markers, enhancing the accuracy of unknown sample identification. It can be also helpful in selecting the best represent the phenotypes of samples. Along with the other phenotypic and genotypic data, the present results will be of great importance for the robust classification of the SDF strains within the scope of the polyphasic approach.
The pet mantis market: a first overview on the praying mantis international trade (Insecta, Mantodea)
Authors: Battiston Roberto , Di Pietro William , Anderson Kris
Published: May 2022

Praying mantises have recently gained popularity as domestic pets. Moreover, they are increasingly being bred and sold in fairs and pet markets or collected in the wild and reared by amateurs or professional marketers for the hobbyist community. This market is not well known, and its implications on the biology and conservation of these insects are complex and difficult to predict. For this study, a comprehensive survey was submitted to various hobbyists within this community to evaluate their knowledge of these insects and to assess their preferences for certain species characteristics (such as shape, color, behaviors, dimensions, ease of breeding, and rarity) over others. The aggregation of this data allowed for the generation of a formula that is herein proposed to predict targets and developments within the market in order to help identify conservation issues for vulnerable species. Both problems and opportunities of the pet mantis market are discussed, such as the absence of specific regulations or the potential for a stronger collaboration between the market community and scientists.
First records of three exotic giant mantid species on the Croatian coast
Authors: Martinović Matea , Ćato Sebastian , Lengar Marko , Skejo Josip
Published: May 2022

Some giant mantid species of the genera Sphodromantis Stål, 1871 and Hierodula Burmeister, 1838 have been found spreading their distribution through the Palearctic, but none of the species have been recorded from the Adriatic coast of Croatia, where numerous local species already co-exist, such as Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Iris oratoria (Linnaeus, 1758). In this study, we present the first records of the giant African mantis (Sphodromantis viridis (Forskål, 1775)), the Indochina mantis (Hierodula patellifera Serville, 1839), and the giant Asian mantis (Hierodula tenuidentata Saussure, 1869) from Croatia. A small population of S. viridis was observed in the southernmost county of Croatia (Dubrovnik); a single record of H. patellifera comes from the westernmost part of the country (Istria), while the first two specimens of H. tenuidentata were observed in the central part of the Croatian coast (Šibenik). These alien species represent three new taxa for the mantid fauna of Croatia, which now counts 9 or 10 species (depending on inclusion of Ameles heldreichi Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882). The fast spreading of these species in Europe proves their adaptation to regions where they have arrived; thus, future monitoring of the species must be conducted in order to determine their impact on native fauna.
Approach to user group-specific assessment of urban green spaces for a more equitable supply exemplified by the elderly population
Authors: Stanley Celina , Hecht Robert , Cakir Sercan , Brzoska Patrycia
Published: May 2022

The use of urban green spaces (UGS) depends on its quality, which is perceived very differently by diverse socio-demographic groups. In particular, elderly people have special demands on the UGS quality. It is essential to know these demands to create an equitable UGS supply. We present an approach to determining some qualitative aspects and the supply of cultural ecosystem services of diverse forms of UGS. This is realised by combining user demands with actual UGS features. In a concrete example, we assessed the UGS quality and supply for both the general population and the subset of elderly people. For the latter group, the activities of relaxing and observing nature, as well as the UGS feature of benches, were found to be significantly more important than for the general population. Nevertheless, this had only a minor impact on the assessed aspects of UGS quality and supply, with little differences detected between the two groups. In Dresden (Germany), we determined that almost half of the elderly population are not provided with high-quality UGS. In these areas, urban planning must increase the UGS quality while taking user demands into account to ensure just access to the positive benefits of UGS for the elderly.
Existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions to discrete elliptic Dirichlet problems
Authors: Long Yuhua , Zhang Huan
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we study discrete elliptic Dirichlet problems. Applying a variational technique together with Morse theory, we establish several results on the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions. Finally, two examples and numerical simulations are provided to illustrate our theoretical results.
Analytical results for positivity of discrete fractional operators with approximation of the domain of solutions
Authors: Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , O'Regan Donal , Baleanu Dumitru , Hamed Y. S. , Elattar Ehab E.
Published: May 2022

We study the monotonicity method to analyse nabla positivity for discrete fractional operators of Riemann-Liouville type based on exponential kernels, where $ \left({}_{{c_0}}^{C{F_R}}\nabla^{\theta} \mathtt{F}\right)(t) > -\epsilon\, \Lambda(\theta-1)\, \bigl(\nabla \mathtt{F}\bigr)(c_{0}+1) $ such that $ \bigl(\nabla \mathtt{F}\bigr)(c_{0}+1)\geq 0 $ and $ \epsilon > 0 $. Next, the positivity of the fully discrete fractional operator is analyzed, and the region of the solution is presented. Further, we consider numerical simulations to validate our theory. Finally, the region of the solution and the cardinality of the region are discussed via standard plots and heat map plots. The figures confirm the region of solutions for specific values of $ \epsilon $ and $ \theta $.
Stratégies territoriales autour de la politique énergetique en Union européenne : une géopolitique des échelles ?
Authors: Palle Angélique
Published: May 2022

Le traité de Lisbonne a ouvert la voie à la mise en place d’une politique de l’énergie européenne. Ce dossier stratégique fait débat à la fois en ce qui concerne la libéralisation de ce secteur et le type d’intégration envisagé, avec à la clé une concurrence entre acteurs pour la maîtrise des enjeux énergétiques.Ce chapitre propose d’aborder ces débats et leurs conséquences sous l’angle géographique et géopolitique, en s’intéressant à leur traduction en termes de conflit d’échelle, de territoire et de réseau. Il postule l’existence d’une géopolitique complexe des échelles de l’intégration énergétique européenne, chaque acteur cherchant à imposer son projet de construction d’un espace énergétique européen, à l’échelle qui lui convient. Ces stratégies divergentes de contrôle de la dimension spatiale de la ressource énergétique, à travers les normes, les marchés et les réseaux, ont paradoxalement pour objectif d’optimiser l’accès à celle-ci ainsi que la sécurité d’approvisionnement.La première partie propose une cartographie du contexte européen actuel. Elle tente de décrypter la position des différents acteurs et les stratégies qu’ils mettent en œuvre pour définir l’échelle des territoires sur lesquels ils auront à agir et à se positionner. Dans un deuxième temps, c’est la question des dynamiques qui est posée ainsi que celle des équilibres à l’œuvre sur cet échiquier énergétique qui semble dominé par la Commission. La troisième partie s’interroge enfin sur l’impact de cette géopolitique des échelles pour le fonctionnement et la construction de l’UE.
La Soufrière de Guadeloupe : patrimonialisations d’un géosymbole, mises en ressources d’un volcan
Authors: Redon Marie
Published: May 2022

Autour de l’objet-géosymbole de la Soufrière, volcan actif de Guadeloupe, différents processus de patrimonialisation, de mises en ressources sont à l’œuvre, à la croisée de discours mettant en exergue sa nécessaire protection. L’accent est mis sur le recours à des rhétoriques sur la menace et la sanctuarisation de la nature comme ressource, d’une part, les formes d’appropriation territoriale, d’autre part. Il s’agit de montrer comment la Soufrière fait l’objet de « mises en ressource » concurrentielles par différents acteurs, qui font pourtant tous appel à sa dimension patrimoniale et à son caractère de géosymbole. Ce sont des rapports de force, et de pouvoir, qui sont mis en en lumière. La ressource patrimoniale, ici fortement symbolique, apparaît comme un objet politique, au-delà du « bien commun ».Dans un premier temps, la Soufrière est analysée comme un lieu qui représente un bien commun et revêt donc une dimension rhétorique, puis comment elle est constituée à la fois en ressource du point de vue de la préservation d’un patrimoine naturel mais aussi en tant que capital économique. Un projet touristique privé sur ses flancs, le Volcano Park cristallise les tensions et fait émerger des prises de paroles autour de ce patrimoine, de cette ressource interprétée et appropriée différemment selon les acteurs concernés, que devient la Soufrière. À ces différents acteurs coïncident différentes territorialités correspondant à des appropriations spatiales distinctes, voire concurrentes.
Les « terres vierges » : des ressources pour la mise en valeur au Chili et au Pérou
Authors: Faliès Cécile , Marshall Anaïs
Published: May 2022

Les espaces « vides » et les terres « disponibles » d’Amérique du Sud sont des ressources globalisées dont la valeur ne cesse d’augmenter. Présentés par les gouvernements ou les aménageurs comme des espaces vierges et donc vacants, ces territoires ont pourtant de multiples usages notamment pour les communautés locales. Le processus de mondialisation a pour conséquence d’augmenter le nombre d’acteurs impliqués et modifie par suite les mises en valeur de ces terres de plus en plus convoitées.Le cas des terres du désert côtier péruvien et des espaces ouverts de la périphérie de Santiago du Chili et de Valparaíso, convoités par des entreprises agro-industrielles ou de construction immobilière permettent de présenter les caractéristiques de ces espaces « vierges » qui peuvent apparaître comme une ressource dans la mesure où ils existent avant tout à travers leur potentiel de développement dans un contexte globalisé. Les anciens usages (pâtures, collectes de bois, chasse…) peu visibles dans le paysage, car souvent extensifs, ne sont pas considérés comme une mise en valeur assez intensive. Il y a ainsi un emboîtement multiscalaire des différentes mises en valeur de ces espaces avec souvent émergence de conflits entre les acteurs.Ce chapitre présente les caractéristiques de ces espaces par l’étude conjointe du discours des politiques et d’une approche paysagère, en s’appuyant sur deux cas latino-américains de « terres disponibles » au Chili et de « terres vierges » au Pérou. Il expose ensuite les valorisations et les usages passés et actuels, avec notamment l’évolution des valeurs foncières. Finalement, il s’interroge sur les hiérarchies des valeurs attribuées à un espace dans le contexte de la mondialisation et de la multiplicité des acteurs.
Transferts de terre en Éthiopie : contrôle foncier et contrôle politique
Authors: Planel Sabine
Published: May 2022

À travers l’analyse de transferts de terre massifs octroyés par l’État éthiopien à des investisseurs privés (Éthiopiens et étrangers), ce texte interroge l’existence d’une nouvelle économie politique du foncier en Éthiopie. Cette transformation de la gestion foncière est principalement légitimée par une promotion, sans précédent dans l’histoire du développement éthiopien, de l’extraversion économique. Nous l’analyserons pourtant dans sa dimension politique, tant nous considérons qu’en Éthiopie la régulation foncière vise des objectifs très politiques, parfois sans rapport avec la valorisation économique. Nous observerons ainsi combien l’accès au sol demeure sous un contrôle renforcé de la puissance publique, et plus particulièrement du gouvernement central. Mais nous observerons également, à travers une étude de cas en pays Afar, dans quelle mesure cette nouvelle donne foncière engage des transformations géopolitique et sociétale majeures.
Géopolitique de la régulation des ressources naturelles en Bolivie
Authors: Perrier Bruslé Laetitia
Published: May 2022

La Bolivie a été, à partir du milieu des années 1990, un laboratoire de la gouvernance néolibérale appliquée à l’environnement : l’exploitation des ressources a été ouverte aux entreprises internationales, tandis que les acteurs locaux accédaient à de nouveaux droits sur les ressources. L’élection d’Evo Morales, en 2005, qui impose un régime étatiste, nationaliste et développementiste, se traduit par le retour d’une régulation stato-centrée. Cette réflexion a pour but d’interroger les conditions dans lesquelles s’exprime cette renaissance de l’État alors que de nouveaux acteurs de la régulation se sont imposés dans la phase néolibérale antérieure et entendent défendre leur pouvoir.
En Bolivie quatre acteurs de la régulation retiennent notre attention : les acteurs locaux indigènes, les ONG, l’État et le marché. Une première partie montre la pertinence de cet observatoire bolivien en révélant les enjeux territoriaux soulevés par l’exploitation des ressources. La deuxième partie révèle comment la période néolibérale a permis de faire surgir une nouvelle classe d’acteurs locaux de la gouvernance, tandis que la troisième partie nuancera leur pouvoir en montrant de quelle façon il a été relayé et/ou entravé par des forces globalisées. Enfin la dernière partie insistera sur le retour de l’État et la façon dont il doit composer avec les acteurs de la régulation surgit des périodes antérieures.
Chapitre 2. La distinction féminin-masculin dans le discours sur la musique en France au xviie siècle
Authors: Psychoyou Théodora
Published: May 2022

Cet article explore le statut de la discrimination entre féminin et masculin dans les écrits sur la musique en France au xviie siècle. Il propose une typologie des énoncés musicaux genrés selon les contextes, les finalités et les usages, fort variés dans les discours sur la musique à cette époque.Une modification progressive de la nature de cette distinction entre féminin et masculin (ou viril et efféminé) semble s’opérer au cours du siècle. L’analogie et la métaphore sexuées, très présentes dans la pensée antique, médiévale et Renaissance, fondée sur la proportion et sur la mise en système universel des rapports de la musique avec le microcosme et le macrocosme (et donc du féminin et du masculin), cèdent graduellement la place à une vision nouvelle. Elle suit les changements de paradigme qui s’opèrent tout au long du xviie siècle et qui mettent en crise tant le modèle de l’universalité des proportions et la pensée analogique, que les autorités du passé. Cette nouvelle vision tient compte de la subjectivité de la perception et donc de la particularité de l’individu. Elle est de fait conditionnée de plus en plus fortement par une dimension sociale et essentialiste de la distinction sexuée. Une telle conception essentialiste (considérant des aptitudes musicales typiquement féminines ou masculines), et sociale en termes de création et d’interprétation musicale (aristocratique ou bourgeoise et urbaine) est de plus en plus accentuée au fil du siècle et s’impose durablement par la suite.
Chapitre 6. Les femmes et la pratique des instruments à vent au xviiie siècle
Authors: Santana Imyra
Published: May 2022

Les instruments de musique subissent des classements genrés. Ils sont partagés entre « instruments féminins » et « instruments masculins ». Mais ces classements sont en constante mutation. Des instruments qui étaient acceptés pour les femmes dans le passé ne le furent plus par la suite. Au xviiie siècle, les instruments à vent formaient un groupe particulièrement visés par les discriminations de genre. Selon les règles morales et esthétiques de l’époque, il était fortement déconseillé aux femmes de les pratiquer. Or certaines ont transgressé l’interdit social. Néanmoins, l’historiographie musicale a diffusé l’idée selon laquelle les femmes restèrent écartées de cette pratique. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à analyser à la fois les discours destinés à dissuader les femmes de pratiquer les instruments à vent et la réalité des pratiques, à partir de mémoires, correspondances et périodiques de l’époque. Il s’agit d’appréhender dans quelle mesure les discours théoriques correspondaient à un reflet des pratiques musicales féminines (et masculines) de l’époque et s’ils véhiculaient la vision d’un monde idéalisé selon des normes imposées aux femmes.
Chapitre 8. Trouble dans la critique musicale
Authors: Robert Alexandre
Published: May 2022

En remportant le prix de Rome en 1913 avec la cantate Faust et Hélène, Lili Boulanger devient la première compositrice à enlever la prestigieuse distinction depuis l’ouverture du concours aux femmes en 1903. L’œuvre est jouée une première fois le 8 novembre 1913 lors de la séance annuelle de l’Institut, puis une seconde fois le 16 novembre suivant au théâtre du Châtelet lors d’une séance des Concerts Colonne. Comment cette cantate, qui présente la particularité d’être la première œuvre musicale composée par une femme à être consacrée par l’Académie des beaux-arts, est-elle perçue, jugée ou évaluée par un espace de la critique musicale française alors quasi exclusivement constitué d’hommes ? À partir de 23 textes de critique musicale consacrés à Faust et Hélène et parus juste après l’une ou l’autre des deux exécutions de l’œuvre, cet article montre que le prisme du genre structure en profondeur la plupart des discours critiques, qu’il s’agisse de commenter les propriétés de la personne et/ou de l’artiste qu’est Lili Boulanger ou d’analyser les caractéristiques de l’œuvre et du matériau musical.
Chapitre 11. Les actrices de l’Opéra-Comique au xviiie siècle dans l’historiographie
Authors: Porot Bertrand
Published: May 2022

Dans l’histoire des spectacles, et en particulier celui de l’opéra-comique, les artistes femmes sont le plus souvent marginalisées, réduites à des rôles déterminés par les préjugés dominants de l’historiographie, quand elles ne sont pas tout simplement invisibilisées. Une réévaluation de leur importance doit donc se fonder sur une attitude critique : cette dernière vise à déconstruire les discours qui ont donné naissance à des visions faussées. Ainsi un examen historique fiable et la relecture des sources s’imposent pour mieux déterminer le rôle joué par les artistes femmes, autant les actrices, les danseuses que les directrices de troupe dont l’importance est capitale dans la naissance de l’opéra-comique au tournant des xviie et xviiie siècles.
Chapitre 13. Travail qualifié artistique et immigration à l’épreuve du genre
Authors: Segnini Liliana Rolfsen Petrilli
Published: May 2022

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les conditions de travail vécues par les artistes qui migrent de l’Europe de l’Est, spécialement de Russie, de Bulgarie et de Roumanie vers le Brésil. Dans ce but, nous adopterons deux stratégies. D’abord, à partir de trois sources de recherche qui articulent des données quantitatives et qualitatives, nous analyserons les arguments qui éclairent les raisons du passage d’un pays à l’autre. Ensuite, nous mettrons en avant comment les musiciens et les musiciennes résidents au Brésil décrivent leur quotidien au travail, aussi bien dans leurs pays d’origine que d’arrivée, tout en présentant les droits sociaux et politiques liés au travail et l’articulation entre la division sociale et la répartition sexuée du travail.
Chapitre 15. Quelle place pour les compositrices dans les conservatoires ?
Authors: Ledru Caroline
Published: May 2022

Cet article consacré à la question du genre dans l’enseignement artistique et plus spécifiquement dans l’enseignement musical est à la fois le fruit d’une expérience personnelle en tant que professeure de formation musicale dans un conservatoire de la région parisienne et une étude du matériel pédagogique proposé aux élèves pour cette discipline. Cette étude, qui permet d’expliquer en partie la méconnaissance des élèves concernant le matrimoine musical, révèle également la présence de nombreux stéréotypes de genre tant dans les illustrations que dans les textes chantés proposés.
Comparison between the Results with Korean Fluid Vaccine and Norwegian Dry Vaccince
Authors: Won Myung Soo , Kim Dong Pil , Dahl E. , Refsum E.
Published: May 2022

This is a report on the result of a collective medical examination, conducted in April, 1962, covering 534 children, six to eight years old who had recently entered Choong Moo Primary School, Seoul. Of the total 534, 265 were boys and 269 were girls. 9 of the boys and 12 of the girls were previously BCG Vaccinated. Therefore 513 un-vaccinted pupils were examined. And BCG vaccination was given to those belonging to Tuberculin negative group used for the vaccination were two types of BCG-Norwegian dried vaccine 118 and Korean Fluid vaccine 122.
Study of Tuberculosis Contacts in Korea
Authors: Lee Hyo Keun
Published: May 2022

In the absence of specific therapy, physicians applied general measures to children with a primary tuberculous infection, hoping that the undesirable consequences of the infection could be prevented by increased those resistance and by removal from the source of infection. Since the introduction of specific drugs great advances in the treatment of tuberculosis have been made. As antimicrobial therapy was extended to children with active primary tuberculosis, excellent results were obtained and it was observed that meningitis apparently did not develop among children whose treatment included INH. This observation changed the emphasis from treatment to prevention. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of INH secondary chemoprophylaxis on householder contact children of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.
The Etiological Study of Pulmonary Abscess and their Resectional Treatment
Authors: Kim Jin Sik
Published: May 2022

Study of clinical observation and surgical treatment for various type of pulmonary abscess, including 28 males and 2 females, represent following results.1. Of 30 cases of pulmonary abscess which were treated by resection, 23 were pyogenic, 5 were amedic, one was malignant and other was lipoid pneumonitis in their etiological origin.2. the direct pulmonary involvement from neighboring organs, for example from liver abscess and esophageal fistula revealed high incidence of 23%. This is probably due to the high morbidity of amedic liver abscesses and esophagical diseases in Korea.3.4.5.
Treatment and Random Thoughts on Tuberculosis Today
Authors: Elkins John T.
Published: May 2022

No abstract available.
CYSTIC CAVITIES SEEN IN 16 CASES OF LUNG DISEASE
Authors: Yoo Hwae Sung , Oh Sang Bail
Published: May 2022

1. Of 16 cases of cyst-like cavities on the X-Ray of the chest, the surgically resected material showed by histopathological examination: bronchi-ectasis in 13 cases, bronchial cyst in 3 cases, including 1 cases of lung sequestration. 2. Bronchiectasis usually involved whole lobes of one lung and had multiple cavities in about 1/2 of the cases. One case bronchial cysts. affected an entire lung with multiple cysts. In the two other cases 1 or 2 cysts were located in lower lobe. The sequestration was one single cyst in the posterior basal segment of right lower lobe. 3. Pathological tissue reaction surrounding the cavities and shrinkage of lung preferably occurred in bronchiectasis. 3. The past history often suggests the etiology as most cases of bronchiectasis have had previous bronchopulmonary disease, whereas this not the case in bronchial cysts. 5. Most cases of multiple cystic bronchiectases with surrounding infiltration and shrinkage had recurrent episodes of coughing, sputum and often fever as well. This was not the case in the bronchial cysts.
On Operative Treatment of Cavernous Tuberculosis of the Lung
Authors: Refsum Erling
Published: May 2022

No abstract available
SURGICAL TREATMENT and CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF LUNS ABSCESS
Authors: Kim Pyoung Ki , Oh Sang Baik
Published: May 2022

1) Among 44 of operated lung abscess cases, 42 were followed up for months to 5 years (average 24 months) after surgery.2) Thirty out of 42 were cured (71 %). Analysis of 12 failured cases show 3 cases of broncho-pleural fistula. 4 cases of empyema. 3 death and 2 other complications.3) The main causes for failure are thought to be long duration of illness, expensive lesion. multiple or giant cavity and extensive resection like pneumonectomy.4) Lung abscess preferably betreated by medical means in early stage with good effect but surgical treatment should be taken into consideration as soon as medical cure is not expected but 1- 2 month of medical treatment seems to be needed prior to surgical procedure.
HARMFUL EFFECT OF DIFFUSE DAY-LIGHT ON THE VIABILITY OF B.C.G. VACCINE.
Authors: Chun Nam Ho , Kim Dong Han
Published: May 2022

The effect of sunlight is one of the most important factors affection maintenance of efficacy of B.C.G. vaccine. Between 1952 and 1963 the following reports were published (3,4,5,7,10,12,13) Edwards in 1952 (7) and Lee in 1956 (3) described the variations in tuberculin allergy under two conditions stating that in summer a remarkably weaker tuberculin reaction was observed and that on rainy day it was stronger than on fine days to the viability of B.C.G. vaccine, this study was concerned with the effect of certain of these factors, underexposed direct and indirect sun-light. In the comparative studies on protection of B.C.G. viable counts were conducted on black paper-wrapped ampoules, on brown ampoules and on clear glass ampoules. We were also conducted aa study for the comparison of B.C.G. ampoules stored on ice and not on ice during exposure to Sunlight in Seoul, Korea. In this experiment 33-44 million viable units of B.C.G. vaccine 1 mg per c.c., Prepared at B.C.G. Laboratory, Seoul, were used. And the results under the diffuse day-light subjects on the Korean liquid B.C.G. vaccine viability obtained as follows: 1. In clear glass ampoules exposed to sunlight, the viable units were decreased by 25% in one hour, by 50% in 2 hours, and no living bacteria were found after exposing 3 to 4 hours. In brown ampoules exposed to Sunlight, the viable unit were decreased by 25% in one hour, by approximately 50% in 2-3 hours, and 1000 colonies per c.c., or no living B.C.G. were found after 4-5 hours. 2. Clear and brown ampoules exposed to sunlight and placed on ice, in agiven time, twice as many viable units were observed in the brown ampoules as compared with the clear ampoules. When the ampoules were placed on the ice, slightly higher viable conts were observed as compared with the ampoules not placed on the ice. 3. In brown and black paper-wrapped clear ampoules living B.C.G. were observed up to 4 hours only. 4. Under the room light, no significant difference was observed between the brown and the clear ampoules. 5. In an in-door sunlight, the effect on the viable conts was same as in direct sunlight both in brown and in clear ampoules.
EXPERIMENTAL RE-EVALUATION STUDIES ON ISONICOTINIC ACID HYDRAZIDE lN VITRO AND IN VIVO
Ⅳ. Experimental Studies on Comparisons of Therapeutic Effects by Administration Modes of Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide (lNH) in Mice Infected with the H37Rv Strain.
Authors: Kim Sung Chin , Kim Yong Hyun , Yun Woo Keun
Published: May 2022

In this experiment the writers studied various modes of INH oral administration to the SM-strain mice infected with the H37Rv strain. The results were as follows 1. When doses of INH less than 1.8mg per kg were administered orally to experimental tuberculosis mice, daily twice administration of INH was less effective than daily once administration of the same amount of INH in the antibacterial efficacy and also in development of INH-resistant tubercle bacilli 2. When doses of INH larger than 18mg per kg were administered orally to experimental tuberculosis mice, there was no difference in anti-bacterial effects of INH between daily twice and daily once administration of the same amount of INH, In the mice treated twice daily with INH resistant tubercle bacilli developed more frequently. 3. Intermittant every other day administration of high doses of INH (18mg per kg and 72 mg per kg) were less effective and induced more frequently INH-resistant tubercle bacilli than daily once administration of the same amount of INH in experimental tuberculosis mice. Intermittent impact doses of INH(72mg per kg) were toxic to mice as well as daily once administration of the same doses of INH. 4. The frequency and grade of development of INH-resistent tubercle bacilli in vivo depended on the amount of administration doses, the length of time in contact with the drug and the grades of multiplication of tubercle bacili. 5. Impact therapy with the maximum administrable dose of INH(72mg per kg) is not to be recommended in tuberculosis. 6. We suggest further studies on the modes of administration and suitable effective doses of INH for man.
EXPERIMENTAL RE-EVALUATION STUDIES ON ISONICOTINIC ACID HYDRAZIDE lN VITRO AND IN VIVO
V. Influences of Glutamic Acid Against Toxicity and Therapeutic Effects of Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide (INH) in Mice
Authors: Kim Yong Hyun , Kim Sung Chin , Yun Sung Oh , Suh Dong II
Published: May 2022

An account of neutralization of toxicity or administration of high doses of INH many INH derivatives and neutralizing substances against INH toxicity are still under study. Particularly, vitamin B6 is Reported. as one fo the most effective substances against chronic INH toxicity, but this vitamin neutralizes the inhibitory activity of INH to tubercle bacilli in vitro according to some investigators. Glutamic acid has been reported as a substance which antagonizes the toxic properties of INH without destroying its potency. The authors studied the influences of glutamic acid against toxicity and therapeutic effects of INH on mice and the following conclusions have been reached 1. Daily administered maximum dose of glutamic acid was more than 2,400mg. per kg in the uniform SM-strain mice. 2. 240gm per kg and 480 mg per kg of INH which were acute lethal dose were antagonized by glutamic acid pre-treatment in volume of ten-time dose of INH in mice and markedly prolonged time of death of mice. 3. When 2,400mg per kg of glutamic acid was combined in simultaneously daily administrations of 240mg per kg of INH the acute lethal dose could not kill the mice during six days. 4. Absorbtion of glutamic acid administered orally into blood stream may antagonize the lethal toxicity of INH administered subcutaneously in mice. 5. Anti-tuberculous efficacy of INH did not decrease by simultaneous administration of glutamic acid to mice. 6. In administration of high doses of INH, simultaneous administration of glutamic acid in volume of 10 time of INH dosage neutralized INH toxicity and also inhibited development of INH-resistant tubercle bacilli in mice. 7. Combined therapy of INH with glutamic acid can be recommended as one of the effective chemotherapeutic methods against tuberculosis.
TUBERCULOSIS IN WESTERN SAMOA AND TOKELAU ISLANDS
Authors: Han Eung Soo
Published: May 2022

No abstract available
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS, INFECTION RATE AND lNCHDENCE RATE AMONG THE TUBERCULIN NEGATIVE GROUP OF KOREAN UNIVERSITY WOMAN STUDENTS
Authors: Kang Chi Young
Published: May 2022

Tuberculosis control is one of the major function of the University Health Service in Ewha Women's University. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the students whose tuberculin reaction was converted to positive during their school life. During period of 1956~1965, total 20,388 students were observed. At their entrance to The University the tuberculin-negative students were followed up by tuberculin test every 2 months until they were converted to positive for 4 school years. The tuberculin-positive converters were given chest X-ray examination every 3 months for one year after their conversion. The following results were obtained. 1) 94.4% of the students were tested for tuberculin reaction. 2) The infection rate at entrance of The University was 92.0%. 3) The conversion rate of tuberculin reaction among the negative students was 35.6%; the lowest was 2.5% in the freshman and the highest was 13.3% in the junior. 4) Out of 445 students who had been converted to positive,7 showed pulmonary tuberculosis; the prevalence was 1.5%.
SURVEY ON THE ECONOMIC CAPABILITY OF TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Pak Jong Wook
Published: May 2022

The Author conducted the survey of the economic cap- abilities on the tuberculosis patients who was confirmed by the nation-wide TB Prevalence Survey, 1950. The result of the survey were obtained as following; 1. Regarding the economic capabilities of chemotherapy on TB patients, 37.8% of patients was to treat INH alone whereas 23.5% of the patients was impossible for the chemotherapy. 2. In urban and rural district, especially among impossible group of chemotherapy. it was 11.6% in rural while 29.5% in urban among secondary drug group of chemotherapy, Urban District (11.6%) was highly significant than rural(3.0%) in its proportion.3. According to extent of diseases, INH alone group of chemotherapy was the highest in minimal TB (40.2%) and moderately advanced TB (38.3%), while combined was the highest (43.2%) in far advanced group.4. Tuberculosis Patient who was registered at Health Center were (6.5%) of total patients. It was higher in urban (8.1%) than rural (5.7%)5. 9.8% of total patients are under treatment, and among them 60% is irregular treatment.
The edition of Bernhard Riemann’s collected works: Then and now
Authors: Haffner Emmylou
Published: May 2022

Bernhard Riemann’s collected works were published for the first
time in 1876 by Richard Dedekind and Heinrich Weber. The editors’
correspondence and the available archive tell us that the process
of editing Riemann’s collected works was a hands-on process,
which is itself of historical and mathematical significance. In this
paper, we show how the editors shaped the published texts, and
how this can influence our reading of them.
At the crossroads of simulation and data analytics
Authors: Hauret Patrice
Published: May 2022

For more than three years, the EU-MATHS-IN Industrial

\operatorname{Core Team}^1

has been developing transverse influences to advertise the role of
Digital Twins at the service of European industry, as a key enabler
for advanced products and connected services. Digital Twins has
also spread to growing areas like health and climate monitoring.
Behind this buzzword, the complementarity of first principle modelling
and data analytics plays an instrumental role. In the present
article, we depict the context and the opportunities, the European
environment with its funded programs, some open software platforms,
and most importantly a mathematical toolbox to address
the underlying challenges, all of which testify to the tremendous
vitality of this field.
Mathematical (online) meetings reimagined?
Authors: Kang Ross J.
Published: May 2022

In our daily professional lives, we have become accustomed to – or
wearied by – changes brought on by restrictions that started in the
spring of 2020. Many of our mathematical research meetings have
been transferred directly online, with varying degrees of success.
Could we imagine other, better ways of doing things? In this note,
I discuss an experimental initiative launched to investigate this
question, and call on others to embrace the challenge.
Romania helps Uganda on its way to the International Mathematical Olympiad
Authors: Moroianu Sergiu
Published: May 2022

This article reports on an ongoing privately-financed project started
in 2019, promoted by members of the Romanian mathematical
community, supporting Uganda’s participation in the International
Mathematical Olympiads.
ERME column
Authors: Durand-Guerrier Viviane , Hochmuth Reinhard , Nardi Elena , Winsløw Carl
Published: May 2022

Report on the book
Research and Development in University
Mathematics Education. Overview Produced by the International
Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics.
Slovak Mathematical Society – a short overview of history and present
Authors: Kalina Martin
Published: May 2022

The Slovak Mathematical Society (SMS) is a small society with
about 150 members. Among our members, there are university
staff, academicians from the Slovak Academy of Sciences, researchers
from other research institutes, and also teachers at
primary and secondary schools. Our programme is focussed on
science, education, and young talents in mathematics.
MathsWorldUK: Creating the UK’s first National Mathematics Discovery Centre
Authors: Chicot Katie
Published: May 2022

MathsWorldUK’s mission is to create a world-class Mathematics
Discovery Centre, celebrating the mathematics at the heart of
the patterns and structures of our world. A first for the UK, the
centre will combine best practice from successful partners across
the world with ingenious new ideas and innovative environments
developed in the UK. It will be a magnet visitor attraction, drawing
visitors from across the UK and from overseas.We aim to advance the public understanding of mathematics and
its applications so that everyone, regardless of age, gender, background
and ability, can access and delight in the joy and power
of mathematics.
RICAM, the Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics
Authors: Kritzer Peter , Grohs Philipp , Kunisch Karl , Ramlau Ronny , Scherzer Otmar
Published: May 2022

The Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences focuses on basic research in applied mathematics. The institute is based in Austria’s third-largest city and industrial hub, Linz. Researchers from all around the globe collaborate on common core areas in mathematical modeling, simulation, inverse problems, and optimization. RICAM stands for excellence in research, as can be seen from a high level of publications and the popularity of the Institute’s Special Semesters within the academic community. The work groups at RICAM provide a broad field of expertise over a whole range of different subjects, and together they create an exciting atmosphere to carry out research in applied mathematics.
Almost impossible $E_8$ and Leech lattices
Authors: Viazovska Maryna
Published: May 2022

We start this short note by introducing two remarkable mathematical
objects: the

E_8

root lattice

Lambda8

in 8-dimensional Euclidean
space and the Leech lattice

Lambda24

in 24-dimensional space. These two
lattices stand out among their lattice sisters for several reasons.The first reason is that these both lattices are related to other
unique and exceptional mathematical objects. The

E_8

lattice is the
root lattice of the semisimple exceptional Lie algebra

E_8

. The quotient
of

Lambda8

by a suitable sublattice is isomorphic to the Hamming
binary code of dimension 8 and minimum distance 4, which in its
turn is an optimal error-correcting binary code with these parameters.
The Leech lattice is famously connected to the exceptional
finite simple groups, monstrous moonshine [7] and the monster
vertex algebra [1].Another reason is that

Lambda8

and

Lambda24

are solutions to a number
of optimization problems. The

E_8

and Leech lattice provide optimal
sphere packings in their respective dimensions [5, 23]. Also
both lattices are universally optimal, which means that among all
point configurations of the same density, the

Lambda8

and

Lambda24

have the
smallest possible Gaussian energy [6].The third reason for our interest in these lattices is less obvious.
The optimality of the

E_8

and Leech lattices can be proven in a rather
short way, while the solutions of analogous problems in other
dimensions, even dimensions much smaller than 8 and 24, is still
wide open. Finally, this last property seems to be inherited by other
geometric objects obtained from

Lambda8

and

Lambda24

, such as Hamming
code, Golay code and the sets of shortest vectors of both lattices.
Mudumbai Seshachalu Narasimhan (1932–2021)
Authors: García-Prada Oscar
Published: May 2022

On May 15, 2021, the eminent Indian mathematician Mudumbai Seshachalu Narasimhan passed away at his home in Bangalore. His work in the field of geometry is internationally recognised, having deep connections with different branches of mathematics and theoretical physics. Narasimhan spent much of his career at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Mumbai, where he was a key figure in the creation and development of the internationally acclaimed modern Indian school of algebraic geometry. After retiring from TIFR, from 1993 to 1999, Narasimhan was Head of the Mathematics Section of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, an institution created in 1964 by the Pakistani 1979 Nobel Laureate in Physics Abdus Salam.
Croatian Mathematical Society
Authors: Brueckler Franka Miriam
Published: May 2022

The Croatian Mathematical Society (CMS, )
is the professional association of mathematicians in the Republic
of Croatia, whose goal is to improve and promote mathematical
science, teaching mathematics at all levels, application of mathematics
in other disciplines and improving the social position of
mathematicians in general. It was constituted in 1990, but its history
is much longer. The formal creation of the CMS after Croatia
became an independent state is the result of long-existing scientific
societies existing in the former Yugoslavian Socialist Republic of
Croatia.
A comparison of the differences in public risk perception and public health policies between the first and the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Authors: Magnavita Nicola , Chirico Francesco , Sacco Angelo
Published: May 2022

The paper presents the information on COVID-19 policy response in Italy inin the second half of 2020, when the second wave of the pandemic occurred. It builds on the authors previous report (1) that addressed the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Italy, from October till December, the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections increased significantly. However, the Italian government, unlike many other European governments, refrained from introducing a second nationwide lockdown. The pandemic was managed through a system of localized interventions (on a regional and / or provincial basis) which significantly varied across the regions. At the end of December 2020, a national plan for vaccination against COVID-19 was approved. In February 2021, together with the change of government, a new public policy against the COVID-19 pandemic was formulated.
Public policy response to the second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic (the second half of 2020) in the Netherlands. Experts' report
Authors: Friedrich Alexander , Curfs Leopold
Published: May 2022

In a previous report we answered a number of questions by the editors about the Dutch strategic policy in the first half year of the SARS-CoV2 crisis. In the present paper we reply to a number of additional questions of the editors about the steps put by the Dutch policy during the second half of 2020, when the SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19 pandemic developed its second wave. Especially, the awareness of an upcoming second and third epidemic waves, the specific preventive actions and measures taken by the government and the changing compliance and trust of the public in the government’s strategy are described. Actions such as the Dutch test strategy, the division of regional vs national competences, partial and complete lockdowns, and cooperation with other member states and the (or their lack) are also briefly treated. Specific temporary and structural adjustments in the public health and health care system are mentioned.

No hard conclusions or qualifications about the adequacy of the Dutch public health and health care policy are drawn. Nevertheless, in retrospect it is clear that a straightforward, focussed and highly effective strategy in this unprecedented crisis by a new and dangerous and rapidly mutating virus is a great challenge for every country. Many things go well, but many more could or should have be done better. We have to learn, also from each other.