bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Practice of Hajj Substitution in Indonesia: The Search for Legal Certainty through Usul al-Fiqh Approach
Authors: Nurdin Roswati , Rajab H.
Published: June 2022

This article discusses the issue of legal certainty of the practice of hajj substitution (badal haji) in Indonesia for the prospective pilgrims who have died before the pilgrim season or have suffered from chronic diseases hindering them from performing the planned hajj from the perspective of uṣūl al-fiqh approach. Despite the fact that Hajj substitution has been widely practiced, there are problems with regards to both legal basis and actual practices. From the fiqh point of view, the issue is subject to dissent between the scholars and jurists. As for its actual practice, there is a wide opportunity for abuse from irresponsible parties. Along with this background, in seeking for legal certainty, this article employs bayānī (textual), taʻlīlī (causation), and istiṣlāḥī (public interest) reasoning of uṣūl al-fiqh upon the relevant literature. Through bayānī reasoning, this article concludes that hajj substitution is obliged by some texts of hadith. Taʿlīlī reasoning reveals that the obligation applies only to the people who are at some point had reached the level of istiṭāʿa in their life. Finally, istiṣlāḥī reasoning unveils a number of adverse situations that one should take into consideration when planning for a hajj substitution on behalf of another, such as the issue of trust with the substitute of the hajj. Accordingly, this article argues that hajj substitution is allowed to be performed under the specific provision and trustworthiness.
Istihsan and Istishab in Islamic Legal Reasoning: Towards the Extension of Legal Finding in the Context of Indonesia
Authors: Muslimin JM , Kharis M Abdul
Published: June 2022

This article explores the debate among Muslim jurists on istiḥsān and istiṣhāb and the ability of both to solve Islamic legal cases in Indonesia. The research is done through normative legal approach by referring to various literatures in the elaboration of legal concepts. The concepts of law (istiḥsān and istiṣhāb) are discussed and become the central topic. At the end, those concepts are applied in the cases to draw normative conclusions. The result of this research shows that though istiḥsān and istiṣhāb are still debatable, both of the two have a strong influence and relevance to be applied. In the Indonesian context, istiḥsān and istiṣhāb reasoning, may be combined or separated, can be used to promulgate the obligatory registration of marriage, the application of health protocol of Covid-19 during prayer in the mosque in the time of pandemic, and possibility of using credit card and e-commerce for transaction, the acceptance of Pancasila as the basis of the Republic of Indonesia, the legitimacy of 1945 constitution, democracy, and current principles of modern jurisprudence (such as the principles of pre-assumption of innocent). That is due to the fact of their virtues for public life (maṣlaḥah muḥaqqaqah), and no exact prohibition is found in al-Qurʼan and Hadith (ibāḥah aṣliyyah). In short, by using istiḥsān and istiṣhāb, such mentioned recent cases may be solved and logics of legal reasoning can be extended.
Strengthening Family Institution through Pre-Marital Course: Comparative Study between Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Bidayati Kholis , Jahar Asep Saepudin , Yasin Yuli
Published: June 2022

This study examines the policy of premarital course in Indonesia and Malaysia. The premarital course aims to equip the bride and groom with the knowledge and skills of making good family besides attempting to reduce the high rate of divorces in both countries. Premarital course conducted by BP4 Institutions in Indonesia and JAKIM in Malaysia applied different approaches and policies. This study tries to elaborate pre-marital course in Indonesia and Malaysia by examining policies and substantial issues. The data was collected through library research, examining regulations and rules applied in both countries. This study showed that the procedure and mechanism of premarital course in Indonesia and Malaysia were different. Premarital course in Malaysia is mandatory and one of the requirements of marriage registration document whereas in Indonesia is voluntary. Both countries, however, applied a similarity approach and strategy in delivering course materials.
Spatial Analysis of Museum-Themed Mobile Games and Cultural Heritage Focused Approach
Authors: HALAÇ Hicran Hanım , ÖĞÜLMÜŞ Veli
Published: June 2022

Digital space design, which manifests itself on many platforms, also appears in mobile games. In particular, games with a three-dimensional design can be played in a completely architectural environment, accompanied by certain scenarios. It is also possible to encounter cultural narratives in mobile games The problem of this research is that there is no standard quality of representations of cultural heritage in mobile games. This study, it is aimed to analyze the spaces in mobile games and to reveal the cultural narratives conveyed by the spaces. For this, 91 games found on the Google Play Store with the keywords "Museum" and "Müze" were examined. The games were brought together in the data collection table. Purposive sampling, which is one of the sampling methods, was used in the study. Cultural heritage-oriented space analyzes were made with the three games "Father and Son", "Past for Future" and "Beyond Our Lives", which were determined as samples. Sample games have a spatial quality in themselves and can be adapted to architectural design processes. Game spaces analysis approaches in the literature were used to develop a cultural heritage-oriented perspective for mobile game spaces.
Cami Yapılarında Tahliye Problemi, Konya Hacıveyiszade Cami Örneği
Authors: AZKUR Hatice Sena , ORAL Murat
Published: June 2022

Evacuation of assembly buildings in emergencies such as earthquake, fire and terror is very important to prevent major casualties. To evacuate the building smoothly, it’s necessary to realize the right architectural design. There are very few studies both national and international literature on evacuation of mosques in emergencies. The aim of this study is to contribute to literature by a case study on emergency evacuation of mosques. Within the scope of the study, Hacıveyiszade Mosque which is located in the city center of Konya is examined. The mosque was evaluated using a simulation study. According to the findings obtained from the simulation, the evacuation of the mosque was completed in 10 min 48s and the evacuation could not be achieved within the safe evacuation time (2.5 min) specified for this class of buildings. In this context, suggestions made to improve the evacuation performance of the Hacıveyiszade mosque.
The Analysis of 21st Century Library Buildings Based on Architectural Design Criteria
Authors: TOPATAN Sema , AYDIN Dicle
Published: June 2022

Araştırma, çalışma ve arşiv amaçlı kullanılan kütüphane binaları, günümüzde “öğrenme merkezi” olarak büyük programlı yapılara dönüşmüştür. Bu dönüşüm kütüphane mekânlarının, kullanıcılarına kaliteli hizmet vermesi için güncel gereksinim ve anlayışların tasarıma yansıması gerekliliğini beraberinde getirmiştir. 21. yüzyıl kütüphane binalarında i. bina- çevre ilişkisi, ii. plan kurgusu, iii. yatay-düşey sirkülasyon, iv. eylem alanları, v. raf düzeni ve vi. aydınlatma kararları tasarım niteliği açısından önem taşımaktadır. Söz konusu başlıklar, 21. yüzyılda tasarlanmış kütüphane binalarının analiz başlıkları olarak belirlenmiş ve dünyadan/ülkemizden seçilen toplam dört kütüphane binasının tasarım anlayışlarını ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. İncelenen örnekler doğrultusunda, 21. yüzyıl kütüphane binaları tasarımına ilişkin olarak esnek plan kurgusu içerisinde özellikle eylem alanları mekân düzeninin her kütüphane yapısında ve her katta farklı şekilde tekrar ettiği, teknolojik-dijital materyallerin çeşitliliği ile farklı işlevlerin olduğu; sirkülasyon alanlarının, raf düzeninin ve gün ışığının mekânı algılamada, yönlendirmede ve biçimlendirmede aktif rol oynadığı sonuçları elde edilmiştir.
Inefficiencies and opportunities of urban transport in Brazil, a case study of Balneario Camboriú
Authors: TISCHER VINICIUS
Published: June 2022

The objective of this research is to identify the institutional and legal critical factors responsible for the inefficiencies in the urban mobility system in Brazil, to later recommend guidelines on how to overcome counterproductive conditions of the transport system in order to reduce the externalities and improve the quality of life of the population. It was reviewed literature and legislation related to urban mobility applied to Brazilian cities using as a case of study the city of Balneário Camboriú, Brazil. The analysis allowed to understand several factors that can generate negative externalities and reduction on the urban mobility and life quality of the population. As main results, it was identified that the inefficiencies, especially for public transportation, faces several legal and institutional issues, where its truncated policies do not allow that best solutions to be employed.
O constitucionalismo liberal norte-americano no controle de constitucionalidade das leis: uma análise dos debates judiciais a respeito da liberdade contratual e propriedade privada na Era Lochner (1897-1937).
Authors: BEZAMAT GUSTAVO HENRIQUE VIEIRA
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo pretende demonstrar a essência do paradigma hermenêutico de interpretação da constituição, no período entre a Independência dos Estado Unidos (1789), motivada pelas leis abusivas de intervenção estatal na economia, e os anos que antecederam o início da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939). Isso porque, o paradigma (modelo) de interpretação e aplicação dos preceitos constitucionais passou por uma mudança no final do século XIX, em que se deixou de lado, por parte da comunidade jurídica, a defesa da liberdade individual, passando a relativizar essas normas constitucionais em favor da intervenção do Estado na economia. Esses preceitos de ordem liberal, haviam sido consagrados nas declarações de direitos do final do século XVIII, oriundas da Revolução Francesa e da Revolução Americana, mas perderam força com o advento do socialismo e as teses do constitucionalismo social do século XX.
Prevalência de β-lactamases e carbapenemases em culturas de receptores de rim atendidos em um hospital universitário do Ceará
Authors: LIMA Antonia C. , ANDRADE Andreza A. , FREITAS Thaynara C. , PEDROZA Fernando C. , RODRIGUES Ana B. , SOUSA Glaydiane A. , OLIVEIRA Lizandra M. , CASTRO Denis F. , REIS Henry C. , OLIVEIRA Alene B. , PINHEIRO Alexsandra N.
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a prevalência de β-lactamases e carbapenemases em culturas de receptores de rim atendidos em um hospital universitário de Fortaleza, Ceará. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, realizado entre janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2020 em um hospital universitário de Fortaleza,Ceará. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes internados na enfermaria de transplante renal (12 leitos), acompanhados pelos farmacêuticos do “Antimicrobial Stewardship Program” (ASP) e em uso de antimicrobianos padronizados na instituição como de reserva terapêutica por no mínimo 48 horas. Resultados: Prevaleceram pacientes do sexo masculino (53,2%), desfecho clínico de alta e óbito no total de ambos os sexos foi 96,5% e 3,5% respectivamente. Foram analisadas 684 culturas, porém apenas 166 tiveram crescimento de microrganismos, sendo 9 de natureza fúngica, 34 bactérias gram-positivas e 123 bactérias gram-negativas. Dentre os isolados a maior prevalência foi de Klebsiella pneumoniae 39,0% (n=47), sendo 54,3% (n=19) bactérias produtoras de beta-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) e 88,2% (n=15) enterobactérias resistentes aos carbapenêmicos (ERC) e quanto aos tipos de cultura, observou-se em maior número urocultura (57,7%). Conclusões: Uma alta prevalência de Klebsiella pneumoniae foi observada, e também foi o microorganismo mais frequente em ESBL e ERC. Infecções após o transplante renal são causas de morbidade e mortabilidade significativas, e muitas vezes de difícil diagnóstico em pacientes imunossuprimidos, é interessante que o uso racional de antimicrobianos esteja bastante estabelecido, tendo vista que quanto mais exposição ao uso destes medicamentos, ocorre o favorecimento da seleção de cepas multirresistentes.
The regulatory, evaluation, pricing and reimbursement pathway for medicines in the UK: combining innovation and access
Authors: IVAMA-BRUMMELL Adriana M. , PINILLA-DOMINGUEZ Pilar , BIZ Aline N.
Published: June 2022

The United Kingdom has universal healthcare systems, the National Health System (NHS), in its four nations, with healthcare services provided free of charge at the point of delivery. Approximately 10.5% of the UK population has voluntary supplementary private health insurance. While the provision of inpatient medicines is free of charge, medicines provided in the outpatient setting have a dispensing fee in some of the nations, such as the case of England (co-payment). The UK marketing authorisation process is called product licensing and is overseen by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). There are different licensing routes based on the intended market for launch. MHRA also offers early access schemes and pathways for products targeting unmet medical needs and promising technologies, that aim to accelerate and facilitate market and patient access to products in the UK. These schemes include the option for companies to engage early with regulators and other system partners such as health technology assessment (HTA) agencies. As soon as the technology is authorised, it is available at a list price. Prices for medicines are regulated in legislation and in schemes agreed between the industry association and the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC). The prices for the NHS are negotiated between the government and the companies. Routine funding decisions in the NHS are guided by HTA evaluations informed by agencies such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England, the Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) in Scotland, and the All Wales Medicines Strategy Group (AWMSG) in Wales. Many medicines and other technologies are subject to price negotiations in the NHS, sometimes with confidential price agreements. The NHS in England is legally mandated to routinely fund technologies recommended by NICE that have been evaluated by some of its programmes. The other UK nations have similar arrangements or recognise decisions made in England. The role and contribution of NICE and other HTA agencies in ensuring value for money and evidence-based decision making is well recognised worldwide.
Medicines pricing and reimbursement in Canada
Authors: BONNETT Chris , STAFINSKI Tania , TRINDADE Evelinda
Published: June 2022

Objective: overview of Canadian practices for regulating, financing, and funding prescription drugs. Canada provides universal health coverage for hospital and physician services but excludes universal insurance of prescription medicines. Public plans provide 42% of financing, while private drug insurance covers 35% of expenditures and over 60% of Canadians – mainly through their employer. Canada has relatively high out-of-pocket expenditure (19% of spending) and is currently the tenth largest pharmaceutical market, following Brazil. It is wrestling with inequitable coverage, low use of biosimilars, and affordability and sustainability issues driven by rare disease drugs. Both federal and provincial/territorial governments and their agencies have roles in setting policy and regulating drug prices and costs. These include the federal Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB) which ensures prices of new patented drugs are not excessive; the pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance (pCPA) which negotiates lower patented, generic and biosimilar drug prices on behalf of member jurisdictions; and the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) which provides most public drug plans with robust health technology assessment (HTA), including clinical, economic and budget impact analyses of new drugs. Private drug insurers tend to follow government initiatives, including the use of HTA and confidential Product Listing Agreements. Conclusions: Pharmaceutical coverage in Canada is a “patchwork” of more than 100 public drug plans and 100,000 private insurance plans. As such, it creates gaps in coverage which result in inequitable access and high out-of-pocket drug expenses for some Canadians. Canada’s decentralized health system and the absence of universal drug insurance, among other factors, likely contribute to higher per capita drug expenditure relative to comparable nations that have broader, publicly-funded universal health insurance and more rigourous policy and program strategies.
Italy – a study case of medicines pricing and reimbursement
Authors: MELO Valdete A. , ASCEF Bruna O. , GIANFRATE Fabrizio
Published: June 2022

The Italian National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale, SSN) is structured at comprehensive levels such as collective prevention and public health, cure and rehabilitation assistance, and pharmaceutical services, with the primary objective of guaranteeing universal access of all Italian citizens, on equal terms, to equitable provision of health services. Italy was used as a case study to explore their healthcare system and their economic regulation and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals. The Italian Medicines Agency (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco, AIFA) is responsible for regulation related to efficacy, safety and quality, pricing and negotiations for reimbursement of medicines. Among the various negotiation criteria defined in specific legislation, biosimilars and generics enter the Italian market with a discount of at least 20% to the reference medicine. Price review occurs in a periodical basis and upon the emergence of new evidence of efficacy and safety arising from pharmacovigilance or upon request of changes in the therapeutic indications and/or dosage. In addition, conducting the monitoring and analysis of pharmaceutical consumption and expenditure contributes for planning health policy interventions, since it allows for prompt identification of emerging phenomena, framing prescription behaviours, and verifying the effectiveness of regulatory interventions at regional and national levels. Efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness analyses are conducted before the introduction of the medicines in the Italian market. It continues to be performed when the drug in on the market with health technologies assessment, constituting a process of permanent investigation of the clinical, economic and social consequences of the medicine’s utilisation. In addition, it allows controlling expenses and identifying avoidable costs.
Protection of metals by corrosion inhibitors in solutions of various acids
Authors:   A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Avdeev Ya.G.
Published: June 2022

The current state of research in the field of inhibitor protection of metals and alloys in solutions of mineral and organic acids has been summarized and analysed. Acid solutions in modern industry are widely used at oil-and-gas facilities, metallurgy, housing-and-communal services, where they can be in contact with metal parts of industrial equipment for a long time, without the use of additional protection measures, causing its destruction. The specificity of the corrosive effect of acid solutions on metallic materials is analysed. Various groups of metal corrosion inhibitors (CIs) for these media and the features of the mechanism of their protective action were discussed. Among the various groups of CIs that protect metals in acidic media, various azole derivatives deserve the most attention. The industrial use of azoles is promising in the form of mixtures with other compounds. Promising lines of research in the field of inhibitory protection of metals in acidic media are associated with the wider application of the possibilities of electrochemical methods (voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). When determining the thermodynamic parameters of CIs adsorption, one should be guided by determining their true values, and not effective values. In the development of mixed CIs, a thorough theoretical study of these issues is required, taking into account prospects of such developments for the industrial use. Prospects for the industrial application of environmentally friendly («green») CIs for the protection of metals in acidic environments are considered. At present, the practical application of such products is limited by the lack of data on their compliance with the tight requirements of modern industries for CIs. The bibliography includes 129 references.
Global history of computer science and tech. (historiography IV:9-12)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: June 2022

Computer science and technology :historiography IV (9 - part twelve)
sewa,bunga dan keuntugan
Authors: harmayani
Published: June 2022

sewa, Bunga dan Keuntungan
Quantitative genetics of multidimensional plasticity in spring phenology
Authors: Moiron Maria , Haest Birgen , Teplitsky Celine , Dänhardt Andreas , Bouwhuis Sandra , Charmantier Anne
Published: June 2022

Changing environmental conditions cause changes in the distributions of phenotypic traits in natural populations. Adaptation to environmental conditions can occur via micro-evolution, and, likely more often, via phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity, when heritable, itself also has the potential for a micro-evolutionary response to selection, facilitating a population’s ability to deal with short-term environmental change and, ultimately, its viability. In this study, we investigated individual and additive genetic variation in, and selection on, plasticity in three phenological traits: the timing of arrival from wintering grounds, the interval between arrival and initiation of breeding, and the timing of reproduction, in response to two environmental factors. We used 25 years of individual-level observations of phenology of a long-distance migratory seabird, the common tern (Sterna hirundo), together with information on sea surface temperature at the wintering grounds and food availability at the breeding grounds. We found evidence for individual variation in multidimensional plasticity of arrival and laying dates, and, to a lesser extent, for heritability of plasticity in arrival date. The intercepts of the three phenological traits were under strong directional selection towards being early, while plasticity of arrival in response to food availability was the only response under selection, favoring greater plasticity. Altogether, the low heritability of plasticity, coupled with weak selection pressures, suggest little evolutionary potential for multidimensional plasticity in spring phenology in this natural population.
Resume Ekonomi Makro Syariah "Kebijakan Pendapatan dan Kebijakan Pengeluaran Ekonomi Islam Pada Masa Rasulullah SAW dan Masa Khulafa’ Urrasyidin"
Authors: Nurhayati
Published: June 2022

Kebijakan pemerintah dalam mengatur setiap pendapatan dan pengeluaran negara yang digunakan untuk menjaga stabilitas ekonomi dalam rangka mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sumber penerimaan pada masa Rasulullah digolongkan menjadi tiga golongan besar, yakni dari kaum muslim, dari non muslim, dan dari sumber lain. Pada masa sahabat tindakan tindakan yang dilakukan yaitu diantaranya : Abu Bakar adalah perhatian terhadap keakuratan perhitungan zakat, pengembangan pembangunan baitul mal dan penanggungjawab baitul mal. Khalifah Umar adalah reorganisasi baitul mal, pengembangan ushr, Undang-undang perubahan pemilikan tanah (land reform), pengelompokan pendapatan negara. Masa Khalifah Ustman adalah pembangunan perairan, pembentukan organisasi kepolisian untuk menjaga keamanan perdagangan, pembangunan gedung pengadilan, guna penegakan hukum, kebijakan pembagian lahan luas. Masa Khlifah Ali adalah pendistribusian seluruh pendapatan yang ada pada baitul mal berbeda dengan Umar yang menyisihkan untuk cadangan, Pengeluaran angkatan laut dihilangkan, Adanya kebijakan pengetatan anggaran.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH YEAR 2009 TO 2020
Authors: Kusumajaya Clarissa Eunike
Published: June 2022

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of government expenditure on economic growth from 2009 to 2020. This research is done by analyzing government expenditure data and economic growth data starting from 2009 until 2020. The method used in this research was relational descriptive method. The procedure of this research utilizes SPSS to process the collected data. The result showed that government expenditure has positive and powerful effect on influencing the economic growth. The conclusion of the research indicates that government expenditure has a significant influence to economic growth. An increase in government expenditure also affects towards economic growth percentage
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DEFICIT OF THE STATE BUDGET AND GOVERNMENT DEBT FROM 2009 TO 2021
Authors: Aurelia Ophilia , Tiana Grace , Andrea Karen , Winaldo Vincent
Published: June 2022

Research on the relationship between the deficit of the state budget and government debt from 2009 to 2021 aims to find out an explanation of the role of government debt in financing the budget deficit in Indonesia. The type of data in this study is secondary data. The analytical method used is descriptive method. The conclusion of this study shows that there is a positive relationship between the deficit of the state budget and government debt. This is due to the high deficit financing made through the government debt.
KAIDAH AL-HAZF PADA ALIF DALAM KAJIAN QAWAIDUL IMLA’ WAL KHAT
Authors: Akbar Moh
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang kaidah al-hazf pada huruf alif. Pada pengurangan huruf alif terbagi menjadi tiga bagian: 1) pengurangan alif pada awal kata, 2) pengurangan alif pada tengah kata, dan 3) pengurangan alif pada akhir kata. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan, melalui teknik analisis deskriptif, dengan cara mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasi menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengurangan huruf alif disebabkan oleh banyak hal, seperti yang dipaparkan.
analisis permintaan dan penawaran
Authors: amaliyah zahra
Published: June 2022

Permintaan adalah banyaknya jumlah barang yang diminta pada suatu pasar tertentudengan tingkat harga tertentu pada tingkat pendapatan tertentu dan dalam periode tertentu.Hukum permintaan: Hubungan antara barang yang diminta dengan harga barang tersebut dimana hubungan berbanding terbalik yaitu ketika harga meningkat atau naik maka jumlah barang yang diminta akan menurun dan sebaliknya apabila harga turun jumlah barang meningkat.
Cognitive Radio Resource Scheduling using Multi agent QLearning for LTE
Authors: Sirhan Najem N. , Martinez-Ramon Manel
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose, implement, and test two novel downlink LTE scheduling algorithms. The implementation and testing of these algorithms were in Matlab, and they are based on the use of Reinforcement Learning, more specifically, the Qlearning technique for scheduling two types of users. The first algorithm is called a Collaborative scheduling algorithm, and the second algorithm is called a Competitive scheduling algorithm. The first type of the scheduled users is the Primary Users, and they are the licensed subscribers that pay for their service. The second type of the scheduled users is the Secondary Users, and they could be unlicensed subscribers that dont pay for their service, device to device communications, or sensors. Each user whether it is a primary or secondary is considered as an agent. In the Collaborative scheduling algorithm, the primary user agents will collaborate in order to make a joint scheduling decision about allocating the resource blocks to each one of them, then the secondary user agents will compete among themselves to use the remaining resource blocks. In the Competitive scheduling algorithm, the primary user agents will compete among themselves over the available resources, then the secondary user agents will compete among themselves over the remaining resources. Experimental results show that both scheduling algorithms converged to almost ninety percent utilization of the spectrum, and provided fair shares of the spectrum among users.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE ECONOMIC SECTOR TO INDONESIA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH IN 2020-2022
Authors: Singh Dhiraj
Published: June 2022

This research on the contribution of the economic sector toIndonesia's economic growth aims to find out how much the contributionof the economic sector through its various activities has an influence onIndonesia's economic growth which is represented by the size of GDP, andaims to examine what types of economic sectors make the biggestcontribution to economic growth in Indonesia
MENGIDENTIFIKASI SEGMENTASI PASAR DAN MEMILIH PASAR DALAM ISLAM
Authors: khasanah uswatun
Published: June 2022

Identifikasi target pasar merupakan langkah awal yang dibutuhkan dalam perencanaan dan pengembangan straregi pemasaran. Dalam situasi dimana konsumen menghadapi banyak pilihan, maka kesuksesan pemasaran produk akan banyak ditentukan oleh kesesuaian produk dengan kebutuhan konsumen pada segmen tertentu.Perusahaan tidak dapat berhubungan dengan semua pelanggannya di pasar yang besar, luas, atau beragam. Tetapi mereka dapat membagi pasar seperti itu menjadi kelompok konsumen atau segmen dengan kebutuhan dan keinginan berbeda. Kemudian perusahaan harus mengidentifikasi segmen pasar mana yang dapat dilayaninya dengan efektif.keputusan ini memerlukan pemahaman mendalam tentang prilaku konsumen dan pemikiran strategis yang seksama.untuk mengembangkan rencana pemasaran terbaik, manajer harus memahami apa yang membuat setiap segmen unik dan berbeda.
MARKETING MIX
Authors: khasanah uswatun
Published: June 2022

Perusahaan dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya baik perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang jasa maupun barang mempunyai tujuan yang sama yaitu memperoleh keuntungan. Selain itu perusahaan juga ingin memberikan kepuasan kepada konsumen atas produk yang yang dihasilkannya, karena kepuasan konsumen menjadi tolak ukur dari keberhasilan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas, dan yang diinginkan oleh konsumen. Dalam mencapai strategi pemasaran yang tepat dan terbaik untuk diterapkan, salah satunya perusahaan dapat melihat dari faktor bauran pemasaran. Hal tersebut penting karena bauran pemasaran merupakan salah satu pokok pertimbangan konsumen dalam melakukan keputusan pembelian suatu produk. Jika perusahaan tidak peka terhadap apa yang dibutuhkan oleh konsumen, maka dapat dipastikan bahwa perusahaan akan kehilangan banyak kesempatan untuk menjaring konsumen dan produk yang ditawarkan akan sia-sia.
THE IMPACT OF THE DEFICIT ON THE GOVERNMENT BUDGET DEBT FOR THE PERIOD 2009 TO 2021
Authors: Florencia Elizabeth , Venia Gloria , Cokrojoyo Nicholas Frederico
Published: June 2022

The research on the relationship between deficit and government debt aims to analyzethe effect of the budget deficit and government debt on economic growth. It shows that the government budget deficit causes a slowdown in economic growth through a decrease in the allocation of output available for private capital accumulation and an increase in interest rates which causes crowding-out of private investment. The deficit caused by an increase in the component of unproductive spending and a distorting source of state revenue contributed to a slowdown in economic growth. The results also show that the increase in foreign debt doesnot lead to economic growth. Although there is additional private capital through an increase in the accumulation of private external debt which drives the growth of national output, the flow of national capital out to pay interest on the accumulated private external debt causes a decrease in national income. The domestic financial market has not been able to direct private external debt to productive activities for economic growth, where most of the additional private external debt is used for operational activities and not for private investment activities.The conclusion of this study explains that the effect of the accumulation of private foreign debt is not significant to economic growth.
Imagine yourself in her shoes: Investigating the role of perspective-taking on perceptions of sexual harassment
Authors: Billeaud Madeline , Kulibert Danica , O'Brien Laurie
Published: June 2022

We investigated whether perspective-taking with a sexual harassment complainant increases recognition of sexual harassment. In two experiments, participants were instructed to perspective-take with the complainant or to remain objective. In Experiment 1, an online sample read about a case of unwanted sexual attention in the workplace. In Experiment 2, college students read about a case of gender harassment on campus. Contrary to hypotheses, participants who were instructed to take the perspective of the complainant did not report more recognition of sexual harassment than participants who remained objective. The present findings question the efficacy of perspective-taking in this context.
ANCAMAN INTEGRITAS NASIONAL DI BIDANG SOSIAL BUDAYA
Authors: Istiqomah
Published: June 2022

Manusia mengembangkan kebudayaan tidak lain sebagai upaya mempertahankan kelangsungan hidupnya menghadapi berbagai tantangan yang muncul dari lingkungannya untuk kemudian mewujudkan kehidupan yang lebih baik. Karena itulah dapat dikatakan bahwa kebudayaan merupakan wujud tanggapan aktif manusia terhadap tantangan yang datang dari lingkungan. Kebudayaan diciptakan oleh faktor organobiologis manusia, lingkungan alam, lingkungan psikologis, dan lingkungan sejarah. Dalam setiap kebudayaan daerah terdapat nilai budaya yang tidak dapat dipengaruhi oleh budaya asing (local genius). Local genius itulah pangkal segala kemampuan budaya daerah untuk menetralisir pengaruh negatif budaya asing.
“PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK BANK SYARIAH”
Authors: Nurhamna
Published: June 2022

Bank syariah adalah bank yang beroperasi dengan tidak mengandalkan pada bunga. Bank Islam atau bisa disebut dengan Bank Tanpa Bunga, adalah lembaga keuangan/perbankan yang operasional dan produknya dikembangkan berlandaskan pada al-Qur’an dan Hadits Nabi SAW, dengan kata lain Bank Syariah adalah lembaga keuangan yang memiliki usaha pokok memberikan pembiayaan dan jasa-jasa lainnyadalam lalu lintas pembayaran serta peredaran uang yang pengoperasiannya disesuaikan dengan prinsip syariat Islam. Bank Syariah sebagaimana bank konvensional memiliki fungsi sebagai perantara jasa keuangan (financial intermediary), memiliki tugas pokok yaitu menghimpun dana dari masyarakat dan menyalurkan kembali kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk fasilitas pembiayaan. Perbedaan mendasar antara kedua bank tersebut hanyalah bank syariah melakukan kegiatan usahanya tidak berdasarkan bunga (interest fee), namun didasarkan pada prinsip syariah atau prinsip pembagian keuntungan dan kerugian (profit and loss sharing principle). Keberadaan perbankan syariah sebagaibagian dari sistem perbankan nasional diharapkan dapat mendorong perkembangan perekonomian suatu negara.Tujuan dan fungsi perbankan syariah dalam perekonomian adalah kemakmuran ekonomi yang meluas, tingkat kerja penuhdan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang optimum, keadilan sosial-ekonomi dan distribusi pendapatan serta kekayaan yang merata, stabilitas nilai uang, mobilisasi dan investasi tabungan yang menjamin adanya pengembalian yang adil dan pelayanan yang efektif.
LIBRIS ID: gv0mzf17ddfpmqsj
Authors: Cranier Louis
Published: June 2022

Mindsponge-Based Investigation into the Psycho-ReligiousMechanism Behind Suicide Attacks [Elektronisk resurs]• E-bok Engelska 2021
PERAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH BAGI PERKEMBANGAN SEKTOR RIIL
Authors: Widiyanti  , sandita riana putri
Published: June 2022

Pengembangan sistem ekonomi yang berbasis pada sektor riil perlu dilakukan untuk dapat mengantisipasi agar kondisi overlikuiditas dimana investasi sektor non riil begitu mendominasi tidak terjadi. Disini peran perbankan dibutuhkan dalam penyaluran kredit dengan prioritas pada investasi di sektor riil. Aplikasi sistem ekonomi syariah dapat menjadi pilihan yang menjanjikan, mengingat prinsip ekonomi syariah menekankan pada kerjasama untuk dapat menggerakkan sektor riil yang menolak kegiatan spekulasi dan riba.
PROMOSI DAN PERENCANAAN PROGRAM PEMASARAN PRODUK BANK SYARIAH”
Authors: farida Puspa
Published: June 2022

Untuk menerapkan strategi pemasaran yang tepat dan terbaik, maka salah satunya adalah perusahaan dapat melihat dari faktor kualitas pelayanan dan nilai jasa yang diberikan kepada konsumen. Hal tersebut penting karena pemasaran dilakukan dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginan konsumen akan suatu produk/jasa. Pemasaran juga dapat dilakukan dalam rangka menghadapi pesaing dari waktu ke waktu yang semakin meningkat. Pemasaran merupakan salah satu ilmu ekonomi yang telah lama berkembang dan sampai pada saat sekarang ini pemasaran sangat mempengaruhi keberhasilan suatu perusahaan untuk bisa bertahan di dalam pangsa pasar. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi pemasaran yang dapat memberikan pengaruh untuk menentukan berhasil atau tidaknya dalam memasarkan produknya. Apabila strategi pemasaran yang dilaksanakan perusahaan tersebut mampu memasarkan produknya dengan baik, hal ini akan berpengaruh terhadap tujuan perusahaan.
THE IMPACT OF THE DEFICIT ON THE GOVERNMENT BUDGET DEBT FOR THE PERIOD 2009 TO 2021
Authors: Florencia Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

The research on the relationship between deficit and government debt aims to analyzethe effect of the budget deficit and government debt on economic growth. It shows that the government budget deficit causes a slowdown in economic growth through a decrease in the allocation of output available for private capital accumulation and an increase in interest rates which causes crowding-out of private investment. The deficit caused by an increase in the component of unproductive spending and a distorting source of state revenue contributed to a slowdown in economic growth. The results also show that the increase in foreign debt does not lead to economic growth. Although there is additional private capital through an increase in the accumulation of private external debt which drives the growth of national output, the flow of national capital out to pay interest on the accumulated private external debt causes a decrease in national income. The domestic financial market has not been able to direct privateexternal debt to productive activities for economic growth, where most of the additional private external debt is used for operational activities and not for private investment activities.The conclusion of this study explains that the effect of the accumulation of private foreigndebt is not significant to economic growth.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PALM OIL AND COAL PRICES ON THE GROWTH OF THE TRADE BALANCE IN 2009 - 2020
Authors: Alvita Velinda
Published: June 2022

This study of the relationship between oil palm and coal prices on the growth of the trade balance aims to find out how the development of palm oil prices and coal prices in Indonesia from year to year and to find out whether there is a relationship between palm oil prices and coal prices in Indonesia on the trade balance. The research was conducted by analyzing data on prices of palm oil and coal, as well as data on the value of the trade balance in 2009 to 2020 which was taken from data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). In this study, the method used is a computable general equilibrium model. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the price of palm oil and coal on the growth of the trade balance where if the price of oil and coal increases, the value of exports will also increase, allowing a surplus in the trade balance. Meanwhile, if the price of palm oil and coal falls, the value of exports will also fall, allowing a deficit in the trade balance.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERUBAHAN HARGA SAWIT DAN BATUBARA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KURS RUPIAH TERHADAP DOLAR AMERIKA TAHUN 2009 SD 2020
Authors: khelie
Published: June 2022

Penelitian hubungan antara perubahan harga sawit dan batubara terhadap perubahan kurs rupiah terhadap dolar Amerika dari tahun 2009 sampai 2020 ingin membuktikan korelasi kuat antara harga komoditas ekspor unggulan indonesia yaitu sawit dan batubara apakah memberikan dampak terhadap dolar Amerika sehingga memberi perubahan terhadap kurs rupiah, dan untuk menguji harga komoditas yang terus berfluktuasi mengikuti perubahan kurs rupiah atau tidak.
Do people who highly value happiness tend to ruminate?
Authors: Takai Shigeyuki , Hasegawa Akira , Shigematsu Jun , Yamamoto Tetsuya
Published: June 2022

Previous studies have suggested that an extremely strong desire for happiness might ironically reduce a person’s well-being, particularly among Western people. According to the theory of valuing happiness and the goal progress theory of rumination, rumination might explain the relationship between valuing happiness and well-being. Based on these theoretical rationales, this study examined the following hypotheses: (1) valuing happiness is significantly associated with rumination, (2) people who experience low life stress have a stronger association between valuing happiness and rumination, and (3) people with more interdependent self-construal have a weaker association between valuing happiness and rumination. University students in Japan participated in a cross-sectional study (N = 350; Study 1) and a 4-weeks longitudinal study (N = 329; Study 2). They responded to a packet of questionnaires assessing valuing happiness, trait rumination, depressive symptoms, negative events, and interdependent self-construal. Consistent with our hypothesis, valuing happiness was concurrently and longitudinally associated with increased rumination after controlling for the influence of depressive symptoms. However, negative events did not moderate the association between valuing happiness and rumination. Furthermore, Study 1, but not Study 2, indicated that the association between valuing happiness and rumination was stronger among students with highly interdependent self-construal than those with less interdependent self-construal. These findings suggest that valuing happiness might be a factor perpetuating rumination. More sophisticated evidence on the influence of valuing happiness on rumination can lead to effective psychotherapies for decreasing rumination and depression.
What if consciousness is not an emergent property of the brain? Observational and empirical challenges to materialistic models
Authors: Wahbeh Helané , Radin Dean , Cannard Cedric , Delorme Arnaud
Published: June 2022

The nature of consciousness is considered one of the most perplexing and persistent mysteries in science. We all know the subjective experience of consciousness, but where does it arise? What is its purpose? What are its full capacities? The assumption within today’s neuroscience is that all aspects of consciousness arise solely from interactions among neurons in the brain. However, the origin and mechanisms of qualia (i.e., subjective or phenomenological experience) are not understood. David Chalmers coined the term “the hard problem” to describe the difficulties in elucidating the origins of subjectivity from the point of view of reductive materialism. We propose that the hard problem arises because one or more assumptions within a materialistic worldview are either wrong or incomplete. If consciousness entails more than the activity of neurons, then we can contemplate new ways of thinking about the hard problem. This review examines phenomena that apparently contradict the notion that consciousness is exclusively dependent on brain activity, including phenomena where consciousness appears to extend beyond the physical brain and body in both space and time. The mechanisms underlying these “nonlocal” properties are vaguely suggestive of quantum entanglement in physics, but how such effects might manifest remains highly speculative. The existence of these nonlocal effects appears to support the proposal that post-materialistic models of consciousness may be required to break the conceptual impasse presented by the hard problem of consciousness.
Ownership intuitions are similar in Canadian and Papuan children
Authors: Bialek Michal , Stefańczyk Michał , Sorokowski Piotr
Published: June 2022

Intuitions about ownership, originally established in Canadian preschooler, were tested in children of indigenous Papuan society (N = 79, Mage = 7, 49.4% female). Successful replications of the findings showed that people infer ownership from (1) control of permission, (2) ownership of the territory the object is located in, and (3) manmade vs natural origins of the object, and (4) that people assign ownership to person who achieved a goal, in contrast to a person who originally pursued a goal but failed to be the first to claim it. One replication was statistically non-significant, but suggested the same direction of inference about ownership from first observed possession of an object. Our conclusion support the claimed universal character of ownership intuitions.
Does "Flight of the Bumblebee" resemble bumblebee flight?
Authors: Shinn Maxwell
Published: June 2022

"Flight of the Bumblebee" is one of the rare pieces of classical music which, through its association with bees, has cemented its place in pop culture. However, it is unclear whether its composer, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, actually took inspiration from bumblebee flight patterns. I address this question using new tools from ethology, mathematics, and music theory. Surprisingly, the melody line of "Flight of the Bumblebee" mimics a distinctive property of bumblebee flight, a property which was not formally discovered until decades after Rimsky-Korsakov's death. Therefore, it is very likely that Rimsky-Korsakov observed and incorporated actual bumblebee flight patterns into his music.
Informative Campaigns, Overpromising, and Policy Bargaining
Authors: Kim Dahjin , Lin Gechun , Schnakenberg Keith
Published: June 2022

What is the relationship between policy positions taken in campaigns and those proposed in bargaining when the final policy outcome depends on other political actors? Why do candidates sometimes advocate policies in their campaigns that are unlikely or impossible to pass given the preferences of other actors in the government? We analyze a model in which candidates make non-binding policy platform announcements and then bargain with a veto player over the final policy if they take office. In the model, a candidate has private information that is related to the policy preferences of a key citizen group and engages in bargaining with a veto player who is responsive to this information. When the citizen's group sometimes interprets campaign promises naively, elections are more likely to allow information revelation. Furthermore, in this case, politicians overpromise: the politician's platform is outside of the range of feasible bargaining outcomes.
Modeling the impact of heritability, assortative mating and fertility on population-level obesity trends
Authors: Daza Sebastian , palloni alberto , Ruiz-Santacruz J. Sebastian , Povedano Elena
Published: June 2022

Although genetic heritability, the environment shared by family members (sociocultural heritability), assortative mating, and fertility differentials by body mass index (BMI) have been proposed as relevant factors that could sustain the obesity pandemic, their theoretical and empirical impact remain unclear. This paper proposes a formal model to assess the robustness and significance of the influences of these factors at the population level. We explore under which conditions assortative mating and fertility differentials can significantly influence obesity prevalence. Examining theoretical scenarios (random mating, entirely endogenous mating), we provide a range of estimates of the potential effect of heritability, mating, and fertility on time trends of adult obesity prevalence at the population level.