bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Ship Fire Monitoring and Alarm System Based on A Distributed Configuration
Authors: Liu Pengfei
Published: December 2023

This article conducts innovative research based on distributed fire monitoring and alarm systems. It consistst of six FDS Control Panels, connected by a redundant Ethernet network, to ensure that all the FDS Control Panels can receive and transmit the relevant data. This connection is provided with redundant backup using a secondary channel of communication for use when the main channel is not working due to failure or cable damage.
Depth control of an unmanned underwater vehicle based on robust inversion and sliding mode variable structure control
Authors: Li Fengyun , Huang Shuang , Chen Yuanbao , Zeng Guanglong , Shi Leixin , Zhan Zihao
Published: December 2023

This paper addresses the depth control problem of an underactuated Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) subject to model uncertainties and ocean current interference. A robust inversion sliding mode variable structure control method is proposed. First, a vertical-plane UUV depth control model is established. Then, the inversion control method is combined with the sliding mode variable structure control method to devise an inversion sliding mode control algorithm. In order to further improve the control system’s robustness against external environmental interference, a robust control methodology is introduced for the design of the depth controller. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed controller effectively addresses the issues of model uncertainties and ocean current interference, thereby enhancing the UUV’s depth control accuracy.
Estimated impacts of forest restoration scenarios on smoke exposures among outdoor agricultural workers in California
Authors: Schollaert Claire L , Alvarado Ernesto , Baumgartner Jill , Isaksen Tania Busch , Jung Jihoon , Marlier Miriam E , Marshall Julian D , Masuda Yuta J , Tessum Christopher W , Wilkins Joseph , Spector June T
Published: December 2023

As wildfires continue to worsen across western United States, forest managers are increasingly employing prescribed burns as a way to reduce excess fuels and future wildfire risk. While the ecological benefits of these fuel treatments are clear, little is known about the smoke exposure tradeoffs of using prescribed burns to mitigate wildfires, particularly among at-risk populations. Outdoor agricultural workers are a population at increased risk of smoke exposure because of their time spent outside and the physical demands of their work. Here, we assess the smoke exposure impacts among outdoor agricultural workers resulting from the implementation of six forest management scenarios proposed for a landscape in the Central Sierra, California. We leverage emissions estimates from LANDIS-II to model daily PM2.5 concentrations with the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) and link those to agricultural employment data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. We find a u-shaped result, in that moderate amounts of prescribed burning result in the greatest reduction in total smoke exposure among outdoor agricultural workers, particularly during months of peak agricultural activity due to wildfire-specific smoke reductions. The reduction in total smoke exposure, relative to scenarios with the least amount of management, decreases as more prescribed burning is applied to the landscape due to the contributions of the fuel treatments themselves to overall smoke burden. The results of this analysis may contribute to preparedness efforts aimed at reducing smoke exposures among outdoor agricultural workers, while also informing forest management planning for this specific landscape.
Sharp decline of dust events induces regional wetting over arid and semi-arid Northwest China in the NCAR Community atmosphere model
Authors: Xie Xiaoning , Liu Xiaodong , Shi Zhengguo , Li Xinzhou , Xie Xiaoxun , Sun Hui , He Jianjun , Che Huizheng , Zhang Xiaoye , An Zhisheng , Wang Dié , Liu Yangang
Published: December 2023

Multiple lines of observational evidence have indicated a significant wetting over the arid and semi-arid Northwest China (NWC) during recent decades, coinciding with a simultaneous sharp decline of dust events. Although recent studies have attributed NWC wetting to different anthropogenic and natural forcings, the mechanisms are not definitive and the regional wetting has been greatly underestimated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project historical simulations. Based on sensitivity experiments with different dust emission amounts using the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5), here we find that decreasing dusts exert significant impacts on mixed-phase clouds through reducing the concentration of ice nucleating particles, increase the NWC precipitation and thus induce regional wetting through enhancing convection precipitation. A possible convection invigoration mechanism whereby the atmospheric vertical temperature gradient and convective instability are strengthened by reduced dusts, leading to convection invigoration and increased precipitation. These results are reinforced by simulations over the dust region in North Africa where mixed-phase and ice clouds are rare and reduced dusts do not increase precipitation. This study highlights the possible mechanism of dust-ice cloud interactions in recent NWC wetting and future regional climate change.
Interannual relationship between the Asian–Pacific Oscillation and summer sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic
Authors: Li Yunxiao , Hua Wei , Luo Feifei , Zhu Lihua
Published: December 2023

Over the last two decades, there has been increasing interest in investigating the connection between the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) and weather and climate on regional and global scales, but the impacts of the APO on sea surface temperature (SST) remains unclear. Using the multisource reanalysis dataset and observed SST data, we evaluated the interannual relationship between the APO and SST in the North Atlantic (NASST) during the period 1979–2016. The results show that there exists a statistically significant positive interannual relationship between APO and NASST and this connection can be attributed to the Rossby wave train that originates in Asia and propagates to Europe, which is triggered by the APO forcing. Further examination revealed that the cloud radiation, air–sea heat exchange and oceanic dynamic process induced by APO are crucial in modulating the interannual variability of the NASST. Additionally, the numerical simulation results from the linear baroclinic model also provide additional evidence for this linkage.
Ecojustice As an Embodiment of the Principle of Good Environmental Governance
Authors: Putrijanti Aju , Pinilih Sekar Anggun Gading
Published: December 2023

The Administrative Court is a judiciary body with the competence to exercise external control over government legal actions to protect the rights of a good and healthy environment. The research aims to know the role of the Administrative Court in giving ecojustice and the embodiment of principles of good environmental governance. This is normative legal research using primary and secondary data. Judge verdict in Administrative Court decides dispute concerning environmental permission was based on environmental purposes and principles of good environmental governance. The principle of society participation has been implemented in some municipalities; it can be seen in the local regulations made by the Regent or Mayor. Although it was not perfectly executed, it was still a step forward in local government. Obstacles arise from the need for more knowledge and awareness about environmental protection and system of management by the officer and society.
Measuring the Policy of Public Information Disclosure to Adapt Climate Change in Indonesia
Authors: Wibawa Kadek Cahya Susila , Saraswati Retno , Ispriyarso Budi
Published: December 2023

Marginal groups, such as local communities living near forests, expansive coastal areas, and women with limited access to water and energy, are the most vulnerable to climate change. Numerous things can be done to overcome that issue, one of which is by openly distributing information regarding climate change adaptation action plans. This study proposes to elucidate that the NDC document serves as public information and to describe the interrelation between Public Information Disclosure and the optimal realization of Indonesia’s climate change action goals. This qualitative study was a doctrinal legal research and employed a statute and conceptual approaches. The findings demonstrate that the NDC document qualifies as public information, necessitating its continuous disclosure and accessibility. The transparency of public information regarding climate change is crucial for achieving climate justice and facilitating climate change adaptation.
Community Participation in The Management of Kelimutu National Park, Ende, Flores
Authors: Tadeus D W , Wihelmus B V , Latuan J J
Published: December 2023

The Kelimutu National Garden Forest is renowned for its rich natural resources, which encompass the captivating Three-Coloured Lake Kelimutu, a geothermal hotspot, and a diverse array of flora and fauna. The optimal utilization of these specific resources requires meticulous management to generate foreign exchange for the state and enhance social conditions in the region. This study aims to examine the sustainable forest management system outlined in Act No. 41/1999 on forests. However, a significant challenge arises concerning the involvement of the local community residing in the border forest area, as their adherence to tribal rituals poses a substantial obstacle to the effective implementation of the forest management system in Kelimutu. Thus, acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the surrounding society becomes imperative for the successful management of the border forest area. Lastly, a recommended approach for Balai Taman Nasional Kelimutu is to foster collaboration with the local community, capitalizing on their strengths and resources.
Analysis of The Importance of Environmental Taxes for Environmental Sustainability in Indonesia
Authors: Navisa Fitria Dewi , Ashsyarofi Hisbul Luthfi
Published: December 2023

The use of fossil fuels is currently the cause of climate change because 70 % are exposed to greenhouse gas emissions and 90 % of carbon dioxide emissions. The declining quality of the environmental will threaten the sustainability of living things. Regulations to fix the economic problem and environmental sustainability are Green Tax. In this study, the authors develop and examine the law in a normative manner, based on library research. The government needs to present the right Green Tax system to be implemented. This implementation can be seen in several Green Taxes that have been successfully implemented in several countries. The main goal of green tax is to internalize environmental costs in economic activity and encourage behavior change towards sustainable choices. By imposing a green tax on activities that damage the environment, it will provide incentives for sectors that are more environmentally friendly.
The Potential of Carbon-Offset as an Integrative Ecocide Prevention Instrument with Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Arifin R , Baiquni M I , Harris R F , Waspiah W
Published: December 2023

This research is built from the concept that crimes against the environment also have implications for climate change. In this case, ecocides in the form of forest burning that cause Transboundary Haze to contribute positively in increasing carbon emissions in the atmosphere. Therefore, an integrated prevention instrument is needed to simultaneously mitigate forest fires and climate change. Thus, this study aims to examine the potential of Carbon Offset, or what in the regime of Presidential Regulation Number 98 of 2021 concerning the Economic Value of Carbon calls it Greenhouse Gas Emission Offsetting, as an alternative instrument in modern environmental restoration. The research method uses normative juridical with a conceptual approach and legislation. The novelty of this research is to find a correlation between the impact of environmental destruction and climate change, as well as an analysis of carbon trading as an alternative solution. The results of the study indicate that the market mechanism-based carbon offset scheme is expected to be able to change the behavior of the extractive industry in forest land use, so that forest burning is no longer a profitable business option.
Investigations on Strength and Durability Properties of Recycle Aggregate and Fly Ash in Concrete
Authors: Reddy Lotla Sandeep , Srikrishna Thunuguntla Chaitanya , Praveen G.V.
Published: December 2023

In this investigative study the Natural Coarse Aggregate (NCA) were put back with Recycled Course Aggregate (RCA) at peculiar proportions, the mechanical performance and durability properties of concrete are examined. The inclusion of fly ash (FA) is also introduced as stand–in of Cement. The present investigation aims to determine the effect of RCA as an stand-in material to NCA and to analyze the fresh properties like workability, density and hardened properties like Compressive Strength, Flexure Strength, Split Tensile Strength and durability properties like Water permeability and Sorptivity. Mix is formulated for water cement ratio 0.40. The specimens were casted of replacing virgin aggregate with RCA by 10% and 20%, and cement with FA by 10%, 20% and 30%. All the specimens are cured for 7 and 28 days as per requirement later they are tested. The acquired data are then compared between the strength of NCA of concrete and the proportion of RCA and FA. The outcome view is in such a way that the workability of concrete will decline as the replacement of RCA increases, by which it should limited to a fixed percentage (10% or 20%). The density of concrete is not altered by the put back of FA, but raise in percentage of RCA replacement could alter the density of concrete. In case of Compressive, Flexure and Split tensile strength of concrete the optimum strength obtained for 10% FA and 10% RCA for 7 and 28 days was similar to that of 100% NCA and 0% FA and durability studies also gave the optimum results for the same replacement.
Strength and durability study on alccofine based geo-polymer concrete
Authors: Ashwitha Rani B , Ramya Swetha R
Published: December 2023

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) emerging as the most innovative construction material, which not only reduces the requirement of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) but also enhances the properties of the concrete as well, and decreases the ejection of harmful gases into the atmosphere like Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen, and Sulphur, Which is a prime concern for the environment. The need for concrete is raising uncharacteristically and so does for the OPC, to minimize the demand for OPC cementitious materials like Fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Silica Fume, Alccofine, Metakaolin, namely mineral admixtures used as partial or full replacements to the OPC. This present paper reports the properties of GPC made with Flyash, GGBS, and Alccofine for Mix M40- grade concrete the outcomes were contrasted with Nominal concrete which is made using 100 percent cement, Fly ash content of 50% was kept constant throughout the investigation whereas GGBS and Alccofine content varied with an interval of 5%. The concrete was tested for workability, strength, and durability aspects, an increment in the slump, and in the strength was noted, and great resistance was observed under the acid attack test for a GPC mixes, a combination of 50% Fly ash, 35% GGBS, and 15% Alccofine GPC mix was shown optimum results.
Mitigation Measures of Swelling Characteristics in Alkali-Contaminated Red Earth using Fly Ash and GGBS Blends
Authors: Kumar Darapu Srikanth Satish , Vindula Sai Kumar
Published: December 2023

Alkali contamination induces swelling in the inherently non-swelling soils, resulting in heave severely damaging the sub and superstructures. Stabilization measures must be taken in vulnerable areas to prevent such colossal losses. Considerable research has been conducted regarding the swelling behavior of soils contaminated with alkalis and the impact of subsequent stabilization techniques utilizing different industrial byproducts and pozzolanic materials. However, there is a paucity of such studies on the Red Earth (RE) of the Visakhapatnam region. Furthermore, limited attention was given to the effects of extremely low concentrations of alkalis on the swelling behavior of soils. RE in the study area of the Visakhapatnam region predominantly consists of quartz, kaolinite, and hematite. In phase 1 of the experimental analysis, RE was contaminated with a highly dilute NaOH solution (0.05 N), and the resulting swell characteristics were investigated. A free swell of 10% was observed. One-dimensional standard oedometer tests revealed an equilibrium swelling of 5.6%, indicating significant potential for substantial heave and subsequent damage. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the formation of natrolite and analcime zeolites with a hollow structure, which caused the swell. Peaks of silicate minerals like paragonite and ussingite were also observed, indicating the dissolution of authigenic minerals and new precipitations even at lower concentrations of NaOH. In phase 2, swell tests were conducted on a mixture of contaminated red earth (50% w/w), fly ash (25% w/w), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS, 25% w/w), and it was observed that the swelling was completely arrested. XRD analysis unveiled that even though siliceous zeolites were formed, the development of chrysotile, attapulgite, tobermorite, and dicalcium silicate effectively inhibited the swelling with their pozzolanic behavior.
Thermal Insulation of Roof using Composite Materials
Authors: Narasimha Naidu V. , Charpe Anuja U. , Rajan K. , Sai Charan M. , Karthikeyan M.
Published: December 2023

Due to industrialization and urbanization the temperature is constantly rising day by day. Conventional roofs used by low-income community/society like metal, steel, aluminium, copper, etc will absorb heat and increases room temperature which creates discomfort for the people. Use of natural fibre composites as a roof material are said to have benefits for the environment. There is an expansion in the usage of natural composite materials as it helps to decrease the room temperature and provides the comfort for the users. In this research paper, an attempt will be made to develop composite materials for layering of roof using sugarcane bagasse and polymer. The composite formed by using both waste materials like sugarcane bagasse and polymer will be tested in terms of various parameters like thermal conductivity, tensile strength and impact test.
Strength and Durability Studies of Geo-Polymer Concrete in the presence of Marine Water
Authors: Reddy Gadikota Chennakesava , Reddy KHK
Published: December 2023

Geopolymer concrete represents an innovative and eco-friendly alternative to conventional concrete, with the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the construction industry. Extensive research has explored the strength and durability properties of both geopolymer concrete and control concretes made with ordinary Portland cement. Compared to its traditional counterpart, geopolymer concrete exhibits a substantially lower carbon footprint by utilizing industrial byproducts - namely fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) - as replacements for traditional cement. The present study synthesized geopolymer concrete mixes using Class F fly ash alongside alkaline activators. Following heat-curing at 75°C for 24 hours, the geopolymer concrete had cured, enabling subsequent strength and durability testing to proceed. A comprehensive tests assessed key parameters including compressive strength, sulphate resistance, acid resistance, water absorption, and chloride ion permeability. Test results demonstrated that the inclusion of fly ash and GGBS to synthesize geopolymer concrete significantly enhanced the acid resistance and overall durability compared to control concretes, in addition to reducing the carbon footprint. The outcomes highlight the promise of geopolymer concrete as a sustainable construction material that retains mechanical strength while enhancing durability.
Mechanical and Durability Evaluation of Hooked End Steel Fibers Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Sundararasan S Thendral , Vijaya Bhaskar Raju K , Venkata Krishnaiah R
Published: December 2023

Steel fibres reinforced concrete has recently been good alternative to normal concrete.This research seeks to explore the characteristic strength of high-performance concrete through the incorporation of hooked-end steel fibers, simultaneously evaluation their mechanical and durability attributes. In the experimental setting, multiple concrete mixes were meticulously prepared and examined, each containing different percentages of steel fibers varying from 0.5 to 2.0 percent. The percentages of fibres were used with the respect by volume of concrete. The primary objective was to ascertain the saturation point at which maximum strength is achieved and to identify any other pertinent factors. Five mixes were formulated, with one mix serving as the normal group, containing no fibers whatsoever. M30 grade concrete was employed in this investigation, incorporating steel fiber content ranging from 0.5% to 2.0%. Test specimens in the form of cubes, cylinders, and prisms were meticulously prepared and subjected to controlled laboratory testing following 28 days of water curing. Various mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and modulus of rupture, were assessed for all fiber percentages. Additionally, a durability assessment was conducted for period of 30 days to specimens containing 0% and 1.5% steel fibers, evaluating their resistance to acid, sulfate, and saltwater. Non-destructive tests, including rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity, were performed both before and after immersion to study the effects. The study’s findings revealed that high-strength concrete specimens containing fibers demonstrated a decreased occurrence of cracks, suggesting an improvement in ductility attributed to the inclusion of fibers in the concrete matrix.
A Study on Behaviour of Clayey and Silty Soils with Granite Dust
Authors: Lavanya Damaraju Lakshmi , Rao Poorna Hanumanth , Aishwarya B. , Priyanka G.
Published: December 2023

A massive amount of granite dust is produced as a byproduct of processing granite rock. Disposing of granite dust is a fatal to human health and is a environmental toxic for land disposal. An attempt was made to use such a material in construction, decrease the disposing problems. Soil, an important material bearing the load of the resisting structure can be available in various layers beneath the earth. Clayey soil and mixture of silt in soil layers exhibits inadequate load bearing ability and shows significant changes in volume with respect to changes in moisture levels. Stabilization of soil is the process that improves the behavior of soil properties. The study investigates the percentage of granite dust that can be a best stabilizer to silty and clayey soil. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effects of granite dust. Artificial soil sample were prepared with 0%, 12%, 16%, 20%and 24% with additive as granite dust on silty and clayey soils. Chemical composition of the granite dust was studied for the application of granite dust as a stabilizer. Comprehensive soil tests like liquid limit, plastic limit, Maximum dry density, swell index, shear strength, CBR were performed. A significant decrease was observed in liquid and plastic limit varying with granite dust for both the soils. The dry density increases with an increase in % of granite dust. Swell index shows a decrease rate with increase in granite dust. The shear strength and CBR values gave appropriate increase conclude that granite dust can acts good soil stabilizer for clayey and silty soils.
Assessment of Pedestrians Crossing Behaviour at Mid-Blocks Under Mixed Traffic Conditions in Urban Contexts
Authors: Shivakrishna Alety , Kumar Telluri Pavan , Rao KM Lakshman , Akhilesh Chepuri
Published: December 2023

Pedestrians are an integral part of urban transportation infrastructure systems, which is also sustainable mode of transportation system. But they are particularly at risk in isolated mid-block sites that have different levels of traffic. The purpose of this study is to investigate, analyze, and simulate pedestrian behavior at Uncontrolled Midblock Crossings in Hyderabad (Hitech city to Habsiguda) under Mixed Traffic Conditions. Particularly, the Mid-Block Crossing Behavior and Pedestrian Crossing Speed. A field survey needs to be conducted using during the project by using any kind of survey techniques, such as Video-graphic technique, manually. Different locations are to be identified, and to be chosen in accordance to Pedestrian traffic and Pedestrians Crossing at Midblock. The Survey should be carried out as per the standards and done during the peak hours. The overall Pedestrian Speed should be determined by using the pedestrian field survey. An Interview method Survey was done to determine the exact Age of Pedestrians at the Study Locations. The data that is required for analysis of pedestrian behaviour at the Mid-Block Crossings are included with Speed of vehicles, Crossing Speeds of Pedestrians, individual characteristics (Gender, Age etc.) as well as the type of Crossing Behaviour. The Pedestrian Crossing Speeds and the Cumulative Speeds were determined and the variations in accordance to Age and Gender were obtained for the selected locations. And further it can be extended to predict the Gap size of the locations by using the log Normal Regression Model and A Binary Logit Model can be examined to find the effects of behavioural aspects of parameters on the Gender (Male and Female) coded as a discrete variable.
Robust algorithm for the detection and classification of QRS complexes with different morphologies using the continuous spline wavelet transform with automatic scale detection
Authors: Martínez-Suárez Frank , Alvarado-Serrano Carlos , Casas Oscar
Published: December 2023

This work presents an algorithm for the detection and classification of QRS complexes based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with splines. This approach can evaluate the CWT at any integer scale and the analysis is not restricted to powers of two. The QRS detector comprises four stages: implementation of CWT with splines, detection of QRS complexes, searching for undetected QRS complexes, and correction of the R wave peak location in detected QRS complexes. After, the onsets and ends of the QRS complexes are detected. The algorithm was evaluated with synthetic ECG and with the manually annotated databases: MIT-BIH Arrhythmia, European ST-T, QT and PTB Diagnostic ECG. Evaluation results of the QRS detector were: MIT-BIH arrhythmia database (109,447 beats analyzed), sensitivity Se = 99.72% and positive predictivity P+ = 99.87%; European ST-T database (790522 beats analyzed), Se = 99.92% and P+ = 99.55% and QT database (86498 beats analyzed), Se = 99.97% and P+ = 99.99%. To evaluate the delineation algorithm of the QRS onset (Qi) and QRS end (J) with the QT and PTB Diagnostic ECG databases, the mean and standard deviations of the differences between the automatic and manual annotated location of these points were calculated. The standard deviations were close to the accepted tolerances for deviations determined by the CSE experts. The proposed algorithm is robust to noise, artifacts and baseline drifts, classifies QRS complexes, automatically selects the CWT scale according to the sampling frequency of the ECG record used, and adapts to changes in the heart rate, amplitude and morphology of QRS complexes.
Functional Specialization Across the Visual Cortex
Authors: Freud Erez , Ganel Tzvi , Avidan Galia
Published: December 2023

Vision is the most important sensory modality for humans, serving a range of fundamental daily behaviors from recognizing objects, people, places, and actions to navigation and visually guided interactions with objects and other individuals. One of the most prominent accounts of cortical functional specialization implies that the visual cortex is segregated into two pathways. The ventral pathway originates from the early visual cortex in the occipital lobe and projects to the inferior surface of the temporal cortex, and it mediates vision for perception. The dorsal pathway extends from the occipital lobe to the posterior portion of the parietal cortex, and it mediates vision for action. This key characterization of the visual system is supported by classic neuropsychological, behavioral, and neuroimaging evidence. Recent research offers new insights on the developmental trajectory of this dissociation as well as evidence for interactions between the two pathways. Importantly, an emerging hypothesis points to the existence of a third visual pathway located on the lateral surface of the ventral pathway and its potential roles in action recognition and social cognition.
Pedagogical Renewal and Teacher Training in Spain in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Garcia Farrero Jordi , Pascual Martín Àngel
Published: December 2023

What type of institutions prevailed in teacher training in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century? What was the reception of the German, French, or English models in Spain? What type of dialogue did Spanish teachers establish with the Escuela Nueva movement? What pedagogical elements were adopted to configure a new type of teacher, accounting for the different situations of the time? There is no doubt that teacher training, throughout the period mentioned, became one of the main educational and political issues. Teachers were among the fundamental actors, together with the pupils and the contents to be transmitted; the aim was that educational practices typical of the pedagogical renewal movement would take place in schools. Thus, a generation of innovative teachers had the opportunity, thanks to a scholarship from the Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas (1907–1939), to attend different teacher training colleges in Europe. This is fundamental for understanding the creation of the Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Magisterio (1909–1932) and, of course, the Plan Profesional of the Republican government (1932–1939). In short, the main innovations coming from the European movements of pedagogical renewal in the field of teacher training are those related to the incorporation of a non-encyclopedic general culture and pedagogical training, either theoretical, as in the history of education courses, or practical, by learning a wide range of new teaching methods.
The Politics of Digital (Human) Rights
Authors: Wagner Ben , Sanchez Andy , Sekwenz Marie-Therese , Dideriksen Sofie , Murray-Rust Dave
Published: December 2023

Basic human rights, like freedom of expression, freedom of the press, and privacy, are being radically transformed by new technologies. The manifestation of these rights in online spaces is known as “digital rights,” which can be impeded or empowered through the design, governance, and litigation of emerging technologies. Design defines how people encounter the digital world. Some design choices can exploit the right to privacy by commodifying attention through tactics that keep users addicted to maximize profitability; similar design mechanisms and vulnerabilities have facilitated the abuse of journalists and human rights advocates across the globe. But design can also empower human rights, providing novel tools of resistance, accountability, and accessibility, as well as the inclusion of previously underserved voices in the development process. The new capabilities offered by these technologies often transcend political boundaries, presenting complex challenges for meaningful governance and regulation. To address these challenges, collaborations like the Internet Governance Forum and NETmundial have brought together stakeholders from governments, nonprofits, industry, and academia, with efforts to address digital rights like universal internet access. Concurrently, economic forces and international trade negotiations can have substantial impacts on digital rights, with attempts to enforce steeper restrictions on intellectual property. Private actors have also fought to ensure their digital rights through litigation. In Europe, landmark cases have reshaped the international management of data and privacy. In India, indefinite shutdowns of the internet by the government were found to be unconstitutional, establishing online accessibility as a fundamental human right, intimately tied with the right to assembly. And in Africa, litigation has helped ensure freedom of speech and of the press, rights that may affect more individualsas digital technologies continue to shape media. These three spheres—design, diplomacy, and law—illustrate the complexity and ongoing debate to define, protect, and communicate digital rights.
Anthropological Approaches to South American Rock Art
Authors: Sepúlveda Marcela , Páez Leonardo , Falchi María Pía , Gonzales Liz
Published: December 2023

The study of rock art in South America has become a particularly relevant topic in the archaeology developed throughout the different countries within the continent. In this context, anthropology’s methodological and theoretical contribution has become particularly fruitful in specifying the meaning of rock art and involving the communities around the different sites for their interpretation and preservation. Thus, ethnography has become essential in various regions for this type of work, and even more so in territories harmed by the actions of major extractive companies, such as mining and oil drilling. Tourism also exerts growing pressure on the communities to manage rock art sites better. Finally, the theoretical contribution has become significant for the interactions between humans, human–environment, agency, embodiment, or ontological practices to broaden the spectrum of meaning, value, and the role of rock art in our continent.
Language and Violence
Authors: Riner Robin Conley
Published: December 2023

Theorizations of language and violence have a long history of coarticulation. Those theorizing violence have looked to language to make sense of it, and scholars of language have recognized a violence inherent in its structure and use. Anthropologists have used ethnography to explore differing experiences of violence, with a focus on everyday violence. Such work has uncovered the ways in which language can facilitate, justify, construct, normalize, and resist experiences of violence. Linguistic anthropologists, in particular, have articulated the discursive nature of structural violence, speech acts as forms of violence, and language policies and forms of language classification as violent practices.
Asian American Activism
Authors: Truong Vivian
Published: December 2023

Activism is a defining element of Asian American history. Throughout most of their presence in the United States, Asian Americans have engaged in organized resistance even in the face of violent exclusion and repression. These long histories of activism challenge prevailing notions of the political silence of Asian Americans, which have persisted since the rise of the model minority narrative in the mid-20th century. Examining Asian American history through the lens of activism shows how Asian Americans were not simply acted upon, but were agents in forging their own histories. In the century after the first substantial waves of migration in the 1850s, Asian Americans protested labor conditions, fought for full citizenship rights, and led efforts to liberate their homelands from colonial rule. Activism has been a key part of determining who Asian Americans are—indeed, the term “Asian American” itself was coined in the 1960s as a radical political identity in a movement against racism and imperialism. In the decades since the Asian American movement, “Asian America” has become larger and more diverse. Contemporary Asian American activism reflects the expansiveness and heterogeneity of Asian American communities.
Approved Mental Health Professionals’ Experiences of Moral Distress: ‘Who Are we For’?
Authors: Hemmington Jill
Published: December 2023

In England and Wales, approved mental health professionals (AMHPs) undertake interviews with service users as part of wider Mental Health Act assessments. AMHPs act as the ultimate decision-maker in relation to statutory detentions. They have legal duties to consider the least restrictive outcomes for service users, including alternatives to hospital. Yet they are increasingly unable to act on this, resulting in conflicting pressures. This article draws on a qualitative research study incorporating ethnographic research and interviews with AMHPs. Evidence suggests that service restructures are creating different approaches to practice with contradictory priorities, for example, whether the work is values-driven and relational or whether approbation is attached to a ‘need for speed’. AMHPs are increasingly deliberating about what makes ‘proper’ or ‘good’ AMHP practice, asking ‘who are we for?’ and referring to their work as ‘political activity’. AMHPs’ sense-making and language are indicative of moral distress. Organisational politics may lead to the work being seen as a technical-rational endeavour, not a moral one, leading to dissonance. More broadly, AMHPs and service users are, together, bearing the brunt of austerity measures and there are increasing unmet needs. Overall, there is a need to establish an ideological, theoretical and political base for practice.
Open transcatheter double valve-in-valve replacement for degenerated bioprostheses on the arrested heart
Authors: Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Holfeld Johannes , Naegele Felix , Grimm Michael , Bonaros Nikolaos
Published: December 2023

Background

Failing bioprosthesis is an emerging issue due to (i) a shift towards liberal bioprosthesis implantation instead of mechanical prosthesis and (ii) an ageing population. Management of high-risk patients with bioprosthesis degeneration remains challenging.

Case summary

An 82-year-old patient with history of aortic and mitral valve replacement six years before presents with severe dyspnoea. Echocardiograpic assessment reveals (i) structural valve degeneration of the mitral prosthesis (severe stenosis and regurgitation) with concomitant major annular calcifications and (ii) structural valve degeneration of the aortic prosthesis with low-flow, low-gradient restenosis. Due to mitral annular calcifications, the risk of double valve re-replacement and the age of the patient conventional reoperation was deemed very high. The patient is evaluated for transapical double valve implantation. This option is rejected due to the high risk of left ventricular outflow obstruction. The patient is treated with an open transcatheter double valve-in-valve procedure at the following sequence: leaflet resection of the mitral bioprosthesis, mitral valve implantation and fixation under direct view, leaflet resection of the aortic bioprosthesis, and valve frame cracking and aortic valve implantation under direct view. Post-bypass echocardiography shows neither left ventricular outflow tract obstruction nor paravalvular leak or prosthesis dysfunction. The patient is extubated on the first post-operative day and transferred to normal care unit.

Discussion

Open transcatheter double valve-in-valve replacement for degenerated bioprostheses on the arrested heart might be a valuable alternative to treat selected high-risk patients with bioprosthetic valve degeneration.
Aortic arch redo surgery: early and mid-term outcomes in 120 patients
Authors: Dietze Zara , Kang Jagdip , Madomegov Khadzhimurad , Etz Christian D , Misfeld Martin , Borger Michael A , Leontyev Sergey
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to analyse the indications, surgical extent and results of treatment, as well as determine the risk factors for adverse outcomes after redo arch surgery.

METHODS

Between January 1996 and December 2022, 120 patients underwent aortic arch reoperations after primary proximal aortic surgery. We retrospectively analysed perioperative data, as well as early and mid-term outcomes in these patients.

RESULTS

Indications for arch reintervention included new aortic aneurysm in 34 patients (28.3%), expanding post-dissection aneurysm in 36 (30.0%), aortic graft infection in 39 (32.5%) and new aortic dissection in 9 cases. Two patients underwent reoperation due to iatrogenic complications. Thirty-one patients (25.8%) had concomitant endocarditis. In-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were 11.7% and 15.0%, respectively. Stroke was observed in 11 (9.2%) and paraplegia in 1 patient. Prior surgery due to aneurysm [odds ratio 4.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–17.3] and critical preoperative state (odds ratio 5.9; 95% CI 1.5–23.7) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Overall 1- and 5-year survival was 65.8 ± 8.8% and 51.2 ± 10.6%, respectively. Diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio 2.4; 95% CI 1.0–5.1) and peripheral arterial disease (hazard ratio 4.7; 95% CI 1.1–14.3) were independent predictors of late death. The cumulative incidence of reoperations was 12.6% (95% CI 6.7–20.4%) at 5 years. Accounting for mortality as a competing event, connective tissue disorders (subdistribution hazard ratio 4.5; 95% CI 1.6–15.7) and interval between primary and redo surgery (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.06) were independent predictors of reoperations after redo arch surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite being technically demanding, aortic arch reoperations are feasible and can be performed with acceptable results.
Unpacking the Safe Third Country Concept in the European Union: B/orders, Legal Spaces, and Asylum in the Shadow of Externalization
Authors: Osso Berfin Nur
Published: December 2023

Since its origins in the 1980s, the concept of safe third country (STC) has increasingly been used to deter and curb ‘irregular migrant’ arrivals. A burgeoning body of research has considered these measures throughout the world, particularly in the European Union (EU), Canada, Australia, and the United States. While much STC scholarship has been doctrinal in nature and has focused on the protection standards required in a third State, some of the literature has also examined more theoretical questions. Against this background, this article explores the consequences of the STC concept for refugees and their (in)ability to seek and enjoy asylum by drawing on critical border studies literature. The article first conceptualizes this concept with reference to theories of bordering, dissecting the STC concept as a bordering tool which constructs subjects as worthy and unworthy of protection, and decides where the latter are to be protected. It then explores how this concept has been operationalized within the EU’s Common European Asylum System and the implications of this phenomenon for refugees, using the Greek–Turkish context as a case study. The article particularly considers the developments after the EU–Türkiye Statement of 18 March 2016 and a joint ministerial decision of 8 June 2021 by which Greece formally designated Türkiye as a STC. It reveals that while these measures came in response to the so-called irregular arrivals at the Greek–Turkish border, thousands of refugees affected by these measures have been either removed from the Greek territory and returned to Türkiye without protection, or trapped in limbo in Greece because of their removal from the EU asylum system. The article demonstrates that the STC concept, which is increasingly used as a bordering practice, spatially and temporally prevents certain people from being recognized and treated as refugees in accordance with the Refugee Convention.
Corrigendum to “K-theoretic Characterization of C*-algebras with Approximately Inner Flip”
Authors: Enders Dominic , Schemaitat André , Tikuisis Aaron
Published: December 2023

An error in the original paper is identified and corrected. The $\textrm {C}^{\ast }$-algebras with approximately inner flip, which satisfy the UCT, are identified (and turn out to be fewer than what is claimed in the original paper). The action of the flip map on K-theory turns out to be more subtle, involving a minus sign in certain components. To this end, we introduce new geometric resolutions for $\textrm {C}^{\ast }$-algebras, which do not involve index shifts in K-theory and thus allow for a more explicit description of the quotient map in the Künneth formula for tensor products.
Postoperative hemorrhage after Le Fort I osteotomy hemostasis with angiographic embolization: report of two cases
Authors: Yun Yasutaka , Kurasawa Shiro , Morita Mizuki , Kawachi Risaki , Murata Hideyuki , Sawada Shunsuke , Kojima Yuka , Yagi Masao , Asako Mikiya , Iwai Hiroshi
Published: December 2023

This study reported two cases of acute life-threatening hemorrhage after Le Fort I osteotomy. In both cases, computed tomography and angiography revealed damage to the descending palatine artery, which was successfully treated by angiographic embolization. Although massive hemorrhage after Le Fort I osteotomy is rare, acute hemorrhage from the postoperative area may occur. Angiographic embolization is useful in cases of such hemorrhage from the posterior nasal cavity where endoscopic hemostasis is not possible.
Excision and reconstruction of dorsal nasal mucous cyst using dorsal nasal flap technique: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed B , Al-Mohannadi Fatima S , Elzawawi Khaled E , Alsherawi Abeer , Althalathini Mahmoud
Published: December 2023

Congenital nasal masses are very rare presentations. Among these masses is a mucous cyst, which might be considered either a congenital or an acquired mass. Our report presents a case of recurrent dorsal nasal swelling that was initially managed with an open rhinoplasty. However, 1 year after the surgery, the swelling started to grow rapidly, and the patient presented with a disfigured nose. We scheduled the patient for the excision of the dorsal nasal swelling and reconstruction using the dorsal nasal flap approach. Several surgical techniques have been performed and published in the literature; however, this is the first time the dorsal nasal flap technique is being reported as a surgical approach to dorsal nasal mucous cysts. While mucous cyst formation might be congenital, the majority occur after rhinoplasty surgery. However, they can be prevented by minimizing unnecessary trauma during the surgery and ensuring the thorough removal of all epithelial tissue and foreign bodies.
Ischemic hepatitis due to an occlusion of visceral arteries: a case report
Authors: Omran Safwan , Greiner Andreas
Published: December 2023

Ischemic hepatitis due to mesenteric artery occlusion is extremely rare. This is due to the function of the collateral network of the celiac–mesenteric arterial system and portal venous flow. A 64-year-old male presented with abdominal pain, a significantly reduced general condition, a weight loss of 20 kg in 4 months. Computed tomography showed occlusion of the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery and hypodense lesions in the liver. We performed an antegrade visceral reconstruction with a bifurcated 12-6 mm Dacron graft from the supra-celiac aortic donor to the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries. The postoperative course and follow-up were uneventful.