bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RUNX1 interacts with lncRNA SMANTIS to regulate monocytic cell functions
Authors: Weiss Lisa M. , Warwick Timothy , Zehr Simonida , Günther Stefan , Wolf Sebastian , Schmachtel Tessa , Izquierdo Ponce Judit , Pálfi Katalin , Teichmann Tom , Schneider Alicia , Stötzel Julia , Knapp Stefan , Weigert Andreas , Savai Rajkumar , Rieger Michael A. , Oellerich Thomas , Wittig Ilka , Oo James A. , Brandes Ralf P. , Leisegang Matthias S.
Published: September 2024

Monocytes, the circulating macrophage precursors, contribute to diseases like atherosclerosis and asthma. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to modulate the phenotype and inflammatory capacity of monocytes. We previously discovered the lncRNA SMANTIS, which contributes to cellular phenotype expression by controlling BRG1 in mesenchymal cells. Here, we report that SMANTIS is particularly highly expressed in monocytes and lost during differentiation into macrophages. Moreover, different types of myeloid leukemia presented specific SMANTIS expression patterns. Interaction studies revealed that SMANTIS binds RUNX1, a transcription factor frequently mutated in AML, primarily through its Alu-element on the RUNT domain. RNA-seq after CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of SMANTIS or RUNX1 revealed an association with cell adhesion and both limited the monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Mechanistically, SMANTIS KO reduced RUNX1 genomic binding and altered the interaction of RUNX1 with EP300 and CBFB. Collectively, SMANTIS interacts with RUNX1 and attenuates monocyte adhesion, which might limit monocyte vascular egress.
Interface potential-induced natural antioxidant mimic system for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Liu Kangning , Ding Qi , Cao Doudou , Xi Enpeng , Zhao Yun , Gao Nan , Yang Yajie , Yuan Ye
Published: September 2024

Although the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is still unknown, the molecular pathological phenomena is clear, mainly due to mitochondrial dysfunction and central nervous system inflammation caused by imbalanced antioxidant capacity and synaptic dysfunction, so antioxidant therapy is still the preferred treatment for AD. However, although antioxidant enzymes have high catalytic efficiency, the substrate spectrum is narrow; Antioxidants have wider range of effects, but their efficiency is low. Since the antioxidant defense system in high-grade organisms is composed of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems, therefore we synthesized a metal-organic framework (MOF) with superoxide dismutase activity, and depending on the interface potential effect, curcumin was loaded to construct a synergistic antioxidant treatment system. More importantly, due to the complementary surface electrostatic potential between MOF and curcumin, the system exhibited both good antioxidant activity and efficient β-amyloid plaque scavenging ability, which slowed down the cognitive dysfunction in the brain of AD mice.
The innate immune regulator MyD88 dampens fibrosis during zebrafish heart regeneration
Authors: Goumenaki Pinelopi , Günther Stefan , Kikhi Khrievono , Looso Mario , Marín-Juez Rubén , Stainier Didier Y. R.
Published: September 2024

The innate immune response is triggered rapidly after injury and its spatiotemporal dynamics are critical for regeneration; however, many questions remain about its exact role. Here we show that MyD88, a key component of the innate immune response, controls not only the inflammatory but also the fibrotic response during zebrafish cardiac regeneration. We find in cryoinjured myd88−/− ventricles a significant reduction in neutrophil and macrophage numbers and the expansion of a collagen-rich endocardial population. Further analyses reveal compromised PI3K/AKT pathway activation in the myd88−/− endocardium and increased myofibroblasts and scarring. Notably, endothelial-specific overexpression of myd88 reverses these neutrophil, fibrotic and scarring phenotypes. Mechanistically, we identify the endocardial-derived chemokine gene cxcl18b as a target of the MyD88 signaling pathway, and using loss-of-function and gain-of-function tools, we show that it controls neutrophil recruitment. Altogether, these findings shed light on the pivotal role of MyD88 in modulating inflammation and fibrosis during tissue regeneration.
Enlightening the toxinological dark matter of spider venom enzymes
Authors: Dresler Josephine , Herzig Volker , Vilcinskas Andreas , Lüddecke Tim
Published: September 2024

Spiders produce highly adapted venoms featuring a complex mixture of biomolecules used mainly for hunting and defense. The most prominent components are peptidic neurotoxins, a major focus of research and drug development, whereas venom enzymes have been largely neglected. Nevertheless, investigation of venom enzymes not only reveals insights into their biological functions, but also provides templates for future industrial applications. Here we compared spider venom enzymes validated at protein level contained in the VenomZone database and from all publicly available proteo-transcriptomic spider venom datasets. We assigned reported enzymes to cellular processes and known venom functions, including toxicity, prey pre-digestion, venom preservation, venom component activation, and spreading factors. Our study unveiled extensive discrepancy between public databases and publications with regard to enzyme coverage, which impedes the development of novel spider venom enzyme-based applications. Uncovering the previously unrecognized abundance and diversity of venom enzymes will open new avenues for spider venom biodiscovery.
Decoupled transcript and protein concentrations ensure histone homeostasis in different nutrients
Authors: Chatzitheodoridou Dimitra , Bureik Daniela , Padovani Francesco , Nadimpalli Kalyan V , Schmoller Kurt M
Published: September 2024

To maintain protein homeostasis in changing nutrient environments, cells must precisely control the amount of their proteins, despite the accompanying changes in cell growth and biosynthetic capacity. As nutrients are major regulators of cell cycle length and progression, a particular challenge arises for the nutrient-dependent regulation of ‘cell cycle genes’, which are periodically expressed during the cell cycle. One important example are histones, which are needed at a constant histone-to-DNA stoichiometry. Here we show that budding yeast achieves histone homeostasis in different nutrients through a decoupling of transcript and protein abundance. We find that cells downregulate histone transcripts in poor nutrients to avoid toxic histone overexpression, but produce constant amounts of histone proteins through nutrient-specific regulation of translation efficiency. Our findings suggest that this allows cells to balance the need for rapid histone production under fast growth conditions with the tight regulation required to avoid toxic overexpression in poor nutrients.
ERK5 suppression overcomes FAK inhibitor resistance in mutant KRAS-driven non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Pozzato Chiara , Outeiro-Pinho Gonçalo , Galiè Mirco , Ramadori Giorgio , Konstantinidou Georgia
Published: September 2024

Mutated KRAS serves as the oncogenic driver in 30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and is associated with metastatic and therapy-resistant tumors. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) acts as a mediator in sustaining KRAS-driven lung tumors, and although FAK inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical development, clinical data indicated that their efficacy in producing long-term anti-tumor responses is limited. Here we revealed two FAK interactors, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), as key players underlying FAK-mediated maintenance of KRAS mutant NSCLC. Inhibition of ERK5 and CDK5 synergistically suppressed FAK function, decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis owing to exacerbated ROS-induced DNA damage. Accordingly, concomitant pharmacological inhibition of ERK5 and CDK5 in a mouse model of KrasG12D-driven lung adenocarcinoma suppressed tumor progression and promoted cancer cell death. Cancer cells resistant to FAK inhibitors showed enhanced ERK5-FAK signaling dampening DNA damage. Notably, ERK5 inhibition prevented the development of resistance to FAK inhibitors, significantly enhancing the efficacy of anti-tumor responses. Therefore, we propose ERK5 inhibition as a potential co-targeting strategy to counteract FAK inhibitor resistance in NSCLC.
A simple spectrogram model for high-accuracy spectral calibration of VIPA spectrometers
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhao Weixiong , Cui Weihua , Lv Bingxuan , Fang Bo , Yang Nana , Xiang Guangfeng , Zhang Weijun , Deng Lunhua , Chen Weidong
Published: September 2024

A simple five-parameters spectrogram model for the VIPA spectrometer frequency calibration is developed, which has the advantages of high accuracy, simple setup and easy-to-solve.
Alginate/GelMA microparticles via oil-free interface shearing for untethered magnetic microbots
Authors: Wu Shiyu , Zhou Yang , Wei Juan , Da Zicheng , Chen Wenquan , Shu Xiaoxia , Luo Tingting , Duan Yuping , Yang Runhuai , Ding Chengbiao , Liu Guangli
Published: September 2024

On-demand generation of alginate/GelMA microparticles using the adaptive interface shearing method. Movement performance under the control of a rotating magnetic field and the biomedical applications of microparticle robots.
Chemical inhibition of cell surface modification sensitizes bacteria to phage infection
Authors: Addo Marian Aba , Zang Zhiyu , Gerdt Joseph P.
Published: September 2024

Chemical inhibitor of cell wall alanylation sensitizes bacteria to diverse bacteriophages, revealing the widespread immunity conferred by cell wall modification.
Electrochemical deconstructive functionalization of arylcycloalkanes via fragmentation of anodically generated aromatic radical cations
Authors: Maashi Hussain A. , Husayni Abdulrahman H. , Harnedy James , Morrill Louis C.
Published: September 2024

This highlight summarises electrochemical approaches for the deconstructive functionalization of arylcycloalkanes via the fragmentation of anodically generated aromatic radical cations.
One-pot synthesis of functionalized dihydropyridin-2-ones via carbene-catalyzed base-controlled [3+3] annulation reaction
Authors: Wang Zhan-Yong , Ma Guoyang , Xu Yaoyao , Wang Qingqing , Zhang Mengru , Ma Xueji , Ma Chenyang , Sun Aili , Xia Ran , Liu Hongxin
Published: September 2024

NHC-catalyzed base-controlled [3+3] annulation for the synthesis of highly functionalized dihydropyridin-2-ones using dimethylaminopyridinium ylides as bisnucleophiles with high yields (up to 99%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
Photoinduced [4+2] cycloaddition of dienes and quinonemethides
Authors: Jose Jobsy , Yadav Arun , Tripathi Chandra Bhushan
Published: September 2024

A visible light-induced photoinduced cycloaddition of 1,3-dienes and p-quinonemethides is reported. The reaction is proposed to proceed through an EDA complexation pathway with no external photocatalyst, oxidant or additives being used.
Making soluble Dy2 single-molecule magnets red emissive through their functionalization by ruthenium–cyanido luminophores
Authors: Liberka Michal , Chorazy Szymon
Published: September 2024

Exchange-coupled {DyIII2} single-molecule magnets, existing in the solution and solid state, become red emissive by attaching dicyanidobis(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(ii) complexes, instead of the iron(ii) analogs, as terminal metalloligands.
Facile preparation of cellulose IVII using ionic liquids
Authors: Tokumasu Nana , Nakano Takeru , Yoshida Shota , Kimura Yoshifumi , Endo Takatsugu
Published: September 2024

A characteristic feature of cellulose is crystal polymorphism.
Pure heterometallic spodium bonding
Authors: Rozhkov Anton V. , Tupikina Elena Yu. , Tugashov Kirill I. , Kukushkin Vadim Yu.
Published: September 2024

The pure HgII⋯dz2-[MII] spodium bond between the electrophilic HgII and d-nucleophilic [MII] sites of the positively charged PtII and PdII ions.
First-principles study of the surface energies and electronic structures of γ-CsSnI3 surfaces
Authors: Zhou Tong , Chen Yan-Jin , Hou Chunju , Yang Yi
Published: September 2024

The orientation-dependent quantum confinement effect for the surfaces can be attributed to different ‘electronic dimensionalities’.
Knowledge graph representation of zeolitic crystalline materials
Authors: Kondinski Aleksandar , Rutkevych Pavlo , Pascazio Laura , Tran Dan N. , Farazi Feroz , Ganguly Srishti , Kraft Markus
Published: September 2024

Developed a knowledge graph framework for crystal, zeolite and guest species information, enabling cross-domain queries and accurate question-answering through a web interface using large language models.
Ternary 3D/2D/3D direct dual Z-scheme MOF-on-MOF-derived α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4/Fe-MOF photocatalyst for boosted sunlight-driven removal of metronidazole: effect of coexisting ions, mechanistic insights, and water matrices
Authors: Bhuyan Anindita , Ahmaruzzaman Md.
Published: September 2024

Fabrication of cauliflower-like Fe(iii) carboxylate MOF-based catalyst for degradation of MTZ via ROS generation in a solar-light-activated photocatalytic system and testing its efficacy under various water parameters and environmental substrates.
Lead ion (Pb2+) electrochemical sensors based on novel Schiff base ligands
Authors: Akbari Zahra , Abid Khouloud , Iannazzo Daniela , Montazerozohori Morteza , Fazio Enza , Neri Fortunato , Corsaro Carmelo , Neri Giovanni
Published: September 2024

The work reports the development of an AuNPs-L1/SPCE sensor based on a novel L1 Schiff base, with enhanced Pb2+ sensitivity and LOD of 0.298 μM. The sensor is suitable for Pb2+ detection in seawater with no sample treatment.
Ionic liquid-induced aggregation behavior of kryptocyanine dye
Authors: Kasana Preeti , Saloni  , Ahmed Jahangeer , Kumar Vinod
Published: September 2024

We report the unusual aggregation behavior of cyanine dye 1,1′-diethyl-4,4′-carbocynine iodide (DECI), also known as kryptocyanine, which interestingly depends on the type of the ionic liquid (IL) present in the aqueous solutions of the dye.
Significant enhancement in the magnetic properties of Cr2Te3 nanosheets by atom substitution doping
Authors: Wang Juanjuan , Qin Bin , Li Huirong , Zhang Yuxin , Yang Huan , Wang Fang
Published: September 2024

Ferromagnetic Cr2Te3 nanocrystals, with their high spin–orbit coupling and low symmetry, and the significant enhancement of their magnetic properties by doping, have attracted considerable attention as rare-earth-free magnetic nanomaterials.
Pyrene monomer–excimer dynamics to reveal molecular organization in mesoporous hybrid silica films
Authors: Kusz Jakub , Boissiere Cédric , Bretonnière Yann , Sanchez Clément , Parola Stephane
Published: September 2024

Pyrene derivative is used as a molecular probe to investigate the interactions in hybrid mesoporous films through fluorescence spectroscopy. The dynamic formation of pyrene excimer provides insight into the nanoscale organization of the material.
Insight into central nervous system targeted nanostructured lipid carriers via the nose to brain pathway
Authors: Das Mridusmita , Sarma Anupam , Baruah Himakshi , Basak Debojeet
Published: September 2024

Drug delivery to the CNS is challenging due to various physiological barriers. However, the nose-to-brain pathway offers an alternative way to deliver drugs inside the CNS using nanostructured lipid carriers for neurological diseases.
Tuning the reactivity of an yttrium complex bearing a functionalized silylamido ligand using solvated KCl
Authors: You Qing , Cai Jiamin , Zhang Jie , Zhou Xigeng
Published: September 2024

Distinguished functionalization of the PhSiH2-modified silylamido ligand, such as Si–H and Si–C bond sulfuration or intermolecular PhSiH2 migration, was observed in the reactions of 1 and S8 or isothiocyanate with solvated KCl.
A cucurbit[8]uril-mediated host–guest complex for red-light photocatalysis
Authors: Xu Weiquan , Du Yinghao , Ma He , Tang Xingchen , Xu Jiang-Fei , Zhang Xi
Published: September 2024

Two-step host–guest complexation can occur between an elongated dye and CB[8], leading to the formation of CB[8]@2TPP and 3CB[8]@2TPP sequentially. Of these species, 3CB[8]@2TPP in particular can act as an efficient red-light photocatalyst.
18F-labelling of nitrogen-containing aryl boronates – anti-cancer drug melflufen as a case study
Authors: Bajerke Kevin , Lehmann Fredrik , Antoni Gunnar , Szabó Kálmán J.
Published: September 2024

This study addresses the 18F-labelling of nitrogen-containing arenes via copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF). In this case study, derivatives/fragments of the anti-cancer drug melflufen were targeted.
Crumpled graphene fully decorated with nickel-based nanoparticles applied in glyphosate detection
Authors: Gonçalves Daniel A. , Martins Vitor H. N. , Reis Diogo D. , Silva Monize M. , Souza Victor H. R.
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a novel approach for electrochemically detecting glyphosate in aqueous environments using crumpled graphene decorated with nickel-based nanoparticles (Ni:CG) synthesized in a single step.
Combustion–explosion suppression and environmental protection of typical sulfur-containing hazardous chemicals
Authors: Zhang Xinrui , Han Zhiyue , Wang Cheng , Yu Yue , Wu Binbin
Published: September 2024

The use of NH4H2PO4 and NaHCO3 serves to suppress the combustion–explosion of black powder while also reducing the production of toxic and harmful substances.
Design and synthesis of novel main protease inhibitors of COVID-19: quinoxalino[2,1-b]quinazolin-12-ones
Authors: Tirehdast Atefeh , Sheikhi-Mohammareh Seddigheh , Sabet-Sarvestani Hossein , Organ Michael G. , Semeniuchenko Volodymyr , Shiri Ali
Published: September 2024

Aiming to discover potent inhibitors targeting 3CLpro, an efficient procedure has been established for the synthesis of novel quinoxalino[2,1-b]quinazolin-12-ones.
Fuel-range liquid hydrocarbon products from catalytic deoxygenation of mixtures of fatty acids obtained from the hydrolysis of rapeseed oil
Authors: Peters Morenike A. , Onwudili Jude A. , Wang Jiawei
Published: September 2024

The combined hydrolysis–deoxygenation method reported here demonstrates the efficiency of hydrogen-free catalytic conversion of lipid-derived multi-fatty acids into renewable drop-in hydrocarbon biofuels.
Functional supraparticles produced by the evaporation of binary colloidal suspensions on superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Shneidman Anna V. , Zhang Cathy T. Y. , Mandsberg Nikolaj K. , Picece Vittoria C. T. M. , Shirman Elijah , Paink Gurminder K. , Nicolas Natalie J. , Aizenberg Joanna
Published: September 2024

The morphology and internal structuration of supraparticles formed from two distinct populations of colloial particles is studied as function of droplet composition and substrate geometry.
Effect of cosolvents on the phase separation of polyelectrolyte complexes
Authors: Ma Yuanchi , Ivancic Robert J. S. , Obrzut Jan , Audus Debra J. , Prabhu Vivek M.
Published: September 2024

Non-monotonic dependence of polyelectrolyte complex solubility on the average dielectric constants is observed in solvent mixtures, as rationalized in the framework of Voorn–Overbeek theory including an effective Flory–Huggins term.
Environmentally responsible synthesis of high-performance P2-Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 sodium-ion battery cathodes
Authors: Fu Jintao , Hassan Mohamed H. , Liu Jiaxin , Koh Hyeongjun , Ng Alexander K. , Bruzzi Chiara , Corsi John S. , Detsi Eric
Published: September 2024

An environmentally responsible synthesis of Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 (NNMO) enabled by direct conversion of metallic Ni powder, releasing only O2 and H2O as byproducts. The resulting NNMO exhibits excellent cycling performance as a Na-ion battery cathode.
Sequential element control of non-precious dual atom catalysts on mesoporous carbon nanotubes for high performance lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Lim Yeji , Chang Hongjun , Kim Huiju , Yoo Yoon Jeong , Rho YeoJin , Kim Bo Ran , Byon Hye Ryung , Moon Janghyuk , Ryu Won-Hee
Published: September 2024

Introducing nickel and iron based homogeneous and heterogeneous dual atom catalysts (DACs) onto N-doped carbon nanotube defect sites significantly enhances Li–O2 cell performance.
Achieving high current density, high areal capacity, and high DOD AZIBs by screening amino acids
Authors: Cao Jianghui , Yuan Zhen , Li Chengjie , Zhao Fang , Zhao Qidong , Gao Liguo , Ma Tingli , Ren Xuefeng , Li Xifei , Liu Anmin
Published: September 2024

Histidine and arginine may create an interphase on the zinc surface, optimize the electrolyte's solvation structure, and modify the structure of the electric double layer (EDL).
Delving into the bandgap tuning and nonlinear optical properties of hydrothermally synthesized pristine and boron doped molybdenum trioxide nanorods
Authors: Gopalakrishna Pillai Anjali , Anandalli Mallikarjun , Kala M. S. , Kalarikkal Nandakumar
Published: September 2024

Engineering the lattice defects and disorders of MoO3 through B-doping leads to enhanced nonlinear optical properties.
An advanced self-powered visible-light photodetector based on the asymmetric Au/CsPbBr3/SmB6 junction
Authors: Liu Zairan , Cao Gang , Guan Zhaozhi , Tian Yan , Liu Jidong , Chen Jun , Deng Shaozhi , Liu Fei
Published: September 2024

An asymmetric Au/CsPbBr3/SmB6 self-powered photodetector exhibits greatly enhanced visible-light photosensitive performances with the help of an interfacial built-in field.
Open circuit voltage of an all-vanadium redox flow battery as a function of the state of charge obtained from UV-Vis spectroscopy
Authors: Heiß Jana , Kohns Maximilian
Published: September 2024

A unique feature of redox flow batteries (RFBs) is that their open circuit voltage (OCV) depends strongly on the state of charge (SOC).
MCM proteins are up-regulated in placentas of women with reduced insulin sensitivity
Authors: Bandres-Meriz Julia , Sanz-Cuadrado Marta Inmaculada , Hurtado de Mendoza Irene , Majali-Martinez Alejandro , Honeder Sophie Elisabeth , Cindrova-Davies Tereza , Birner-Gruenberger Ruth , Dalgaard Louise Torp , Desoye Gernot
Published: September 2024

In the first trimester of pregnancy the human placenta grows rapidly, making it sensitive to changes in the intrauterine environment. To test whether exposure to an environment in utero often associated with obesity modifies placental proteome and function, we performed untargeted proteomics (LC-MS/MS) in placentas from 19 women (gestational age 35–48 days, i.e. 5+0–6+6 weeks). Maternal clinical traits (body mass index, leptin, glucose, C-peptide and insulin sensitivity) and gestational age were recorded. DNA replication and cell cycle pathways were enriched in the proteome of placentas of women with low maternal insulin sensitivity. Driving these pathways were the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins MCM2, MCM3, MCM4, MCM5, MCM6 and MCM7 (MCM-complex). These proteins are part of the pre-replicative complex and participate in DNA damage repair. Indeed, MCM6 and γH2AX (DNA-damage marker) protein levels correlated in first trimester placental tissue (r = 0.514, P<0.01). MCM6 and γH2AX co-localized to nuclei of villous cytotrophoblast cells, the proliferative cell type of the placenta, suggesting increased DNA damage in this cell type. To mimic key features of the intrauterine obesogenic environment, a first trimester trophoblast cell line, i.e., ACH-3P, was exposed to high insulin (10 nM) or low oxygen tension (2.5% O2). There was a significant correlation between MCM6 and γH2AX protein levels, but these were independent of insulin or oxygen exposure. These findings show that chronic exposure in utero to reduced maternal insulin sensitivity during early pregnancy induces changes in the early first trimester placental proteome. Pathways related to DNA replication, cell cycle and DNA damage repair appear especially sensitive to such an in utero environment.
Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on Dysphagia and Cognitive Impairment in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Zeng Hongji , Zhao Weijia , Fang Lixuan , Pan Huoying , Huang Shaochun , Zeng Xi
Published: September 2024

Backgrounds:

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) can potentially and frequently lead to dysphagia and cognitive impairment. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) can alleviate the symptoms by regulating neural pathways and improving cerebral blood circulation.

Objectives:

This study aimed to explore the clinical effect of SGB on airway protection, dysphagia, cognitive impairment, and activities of daily living (ADL) in CSVD patients.

Method:

This was a randomized controlled study conducted from February 2021 to May 2023, including 84 CSVD patients with dysphagia and cognitive impairment. The participants were randomly divided into the SGB group (
n
= 42) and the untreated group (
n
= 42). All received standard-of-care rehabilitation for 20 days. The SGB group received SGB once a day additionally. Assessments were conducted on Day 1 and Day 20, respectively. The Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was primary outcome. Modified Barium Swallow Impairment (MBSImp), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and adverse events were secondary outcomes. This study was registered at
ClinicalTrials.gov
, Identifier: NCT06176404.

Results:

There were two dropout cases in the untreated group. Time effect with statistical significance was observed in all assessments (
p
< .05). Group effect with statistical significance was observed in the PAS (
z
= −17.283,
p
< .001), MBSImp-Oral (
z
= −3.382,
p
= .001), MBSImp-Pharyngeal (
z
= −2.639,
p
= .008), MMSE (
F
= 7.450,
p
= .008), and MBI (
F
= 6.408,
p
= .013). During the treatment, there were no severe adverse events.

Conclusion:

SGB can significantly and safely improve airway protection, dysphagia, cognitive function, and ADL in CSVD patients with dysphagia and cognitive impairment who received standard-of-care rehabilitation.
256‐level honey memristor‐based in‐memory neuromorphic system
Authors: Uppaluru Harshvardhan , Templin Zoe , Khan Mohammed Rafeeq , Faruque Md Omar , Zhao Feng , Wang Jinhui
Published: September 2024

Promising synaptic behaviour has been exhibited by memristors based on natural organic materials. Such memristor‐based neuromorphic systems offer notable benefits, including environmental sustainability, low production and disposal costs, non‐volatile storage capability, and bio/Complementary Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. Here, a 256‐level honey memristor‐based neuromorphic system is experimentally evaluated for image recognition. In detail, first, 256‐level honey memristors are manufactured and tested based on in‐house technology; next, the non‐linear characteristics and inherent variation of honey memristor devices, which lead to imprecise weight updates and limit the inference accuracy, are investigated. Experimental results indicate that the inference accuracy of the 256‐level honey memristor‐based neuromorphic system is greater than 88% without cycle‐to‐cycle variations and 87% with cycle‐to‐cycle variations for different optimization algorithms. The overall performance of optimization algorithms with and without variation is compared in terms of energy and latency, where the momentum algorithm consistently outperforms the rest of the algorithms. This 256‐level honey memristor is a promising alternative enabling sustainable neuromorphic systems, encouraging further research into natural organic materials for neuromorphic computing.
Enhancing low‐light images with lightweight fused fixed‐directional filters network
Authors: Li Yang
Published: September 2024

Deep learning has made significant progress in the field of low‐light image enhancement. However, challenges remain, such as the substantial parameter consumption required for effective image enhancement. Inspired by multi‐scale geometric transformations in image detail enhancement, a novel model called the fixed‐directional filters network is proposed. Fixed‐directional filters network takes the original image as input and employs multiple branches for parallel processing. One branch uses conventional convolutional layers to extract features from the original image, while the other branches apply non‐linear mapping layers based on wavelet transforms. These wavelet transform branches capture the multi‐scale information of the image by combining different directions and convolutional kernels and utilize a trainable custom gamma mapping layer for non‐linear modulation to enhance specific regions of the image. The feature maps processed by each branch are merged through concatenation operations and then passed through convolutional layers to output the enhanced image. Using trainable mapping functions alone to enhance details significantly reduces the reliance on convolutional layers, effectively lowering the model's parameter count to only 13k parameters. Additionally, experiments demonstrate that fixed‐directional filters network significantly improves image quality, particularly in capturing image details and enhancing image contrast.
Potential use of seed lipases for fatty acid production from vegetable oil
Authors: Savalas Lalu R.T. , Anwar Yunita A.S. , Ardhuha Jannatin
Published: September 2024

Lipases are in high demand in food processing for various purposes, such as modifying food texture, aromatic development, and enhancing emulsifier properties. Plant-based lipases present an alternative to microbial lipases, offering advantages such as ease of preparation and purification and consequently lower production costs. This article describes the progress in research and potential applications of plant-based lipases. It highlights the biochemical properties of various plant lipases, including those from coconut flesh and ketapang seeds. Emerging research aims to better characterize lipases and match them to specific applications. Some seed lipases may prefer medium or long-chain fatty acids, often correlating with the dominant triacylglycerols from which the lipases are isolated. Exceptions to this rule exist, necessitating further studies to understand the general properties of seed lipase. Such information is crucial for the application of seed lipases.
Enhancing sugarcane growth quality and productivity through a biotechnology approach
Authors: Sugiharto Bambang
Published: September 2024

Sugarcane is a major crop to produce sugar accounting for nearly 80% of sugar production worldwide. Sugarcane is well adapted to warm climates and accumulated high biomass quantities for bioelectricity and second-generation bioethanol. Although Indonesia is one among the cane sugar producers, the produced sugar has been unable to meet the national sugar demand. The study of physiology, molecular biology and genetic is providing a major impetus to develop biotechnological strategies for increasing growth and productivity in sugarcane. Genetic transformation method for sugarcane has been established, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. The Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been successfully employed to develop transgenic sugarcane. The overexpression of SoSPS gene encoding for sucrosephosphate synthase (SPS) showed the increases of activity and sucrose content in transgenic sugarcane. Furthermore, field evaluation on growth and productivity of the transgenic sugarcane displayed higher tiller number, plant high, cane yield, percentage of Brix and Pol compared to nontransgenic sugarcane. Furthermore, plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses, which reduces and limits crop productivity. Plants adapt to water stress with various strategies include change in the gene expression and accumulation of organic compounds called compatible solutes. Genetic transformation of betA gene encoding for choline dehydrogenase in bacteria elevated glycine-betaine content as an osmoprotectant and resulted in water stress tolerant of transgenic sugarcane. The drought tolerant of sugarcane was already approved and released by Indonesian Government for commercialization. In addition, mosaic virus is one of the most severe diseases in sugarcane and lead to the constant losses in growth and yield of sugarcane. Pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) and RNA interference (RNAi) technologies have been applied to engineered sugarcane cultivar resistant to mosaic virus, and that the RNAi method produced more resistant against the mosaic virus in sugarcane. Finaly, biotechnology approach of genome editing technology should be exploited to ensure higher sugarcane productivity, and improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers.
Acacia honey consumption increases hemoglobin level of pregnant women with anemia
Authors: Widowati Retno , Akati Vindi , Arlym Lisa Trina
Published: September 2024

Untreated anemia in pregnant women potentially lead to complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Iron deficiency is one of the main causes of anemia. Honey has low pH, so it is expected to increase absorption of iron from Fe tablets consumed by pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acacia honey consumption in increasing hemoglobin levels of pregnant women with anemia. Acacia honey was produced from the nectar of Acacia crassicarpa. The study was a quasi-experiment with pre-post with control group design. The study was preceded by ethical testing and informed consent. The respondents were 30 pregnant women who did antenatal care and checked their pregnancy at Marinir Cilandak Hospital, South Jakarta. Respondents who had hemoglobin levels below 11 g/dL were included in this study. Respondents were further divided into two groups of 15 each. The treatment group consumed one Fe tablet and acasia honey 2×10 mL daily, while the control group consumed one Fe tablet daily. The study was conducted for 14 days. The independent t-test showed the hemoglobin levels increased significantly (p=0.031) in the group that consumed honey compared to the control group. Hemoglobin levels in pregnant women who consumed acacia honey and Fe tablets were higher than consumed Fe tablets only.
Combined effects of GSM 1800MHz smartphone radiation and antioxidant-rich diets on Drosophila melanogaster survival and reproduction
Authors: Mulyawan Luthfan Zidane , Rachmawarifa Corina Missy , Sudaryadi Ignatius
Published: September 2024

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) from devices like smartphones can negatively affect health through both thermal and non-thermal mechanisms. Thermal effects involve temperature changes that disrupt metabolism, while non-thermal effects can impair the nervous, hormonal, reproductive, and cardiovascular systems and potentially increase cancer risk. EMF radiation also promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and damage to RNA, DNA, and proteins. Antioxidants, such as vitamin C found in kiwi and dragon fruit, may counteract these effects. This study examines the impact of 4G smartphone EMF exposure (GSM 1800MHz) and diets enriched with kiwi or dragon fruit on the survival and reproductive morphometrics of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Fruit flies were exposed to EMF radiation for 2 hours per day at a distance of 3 cm for three days. The results showed that EMF exposure decreased development and survival rates in fruit flies raised on a standard banana medium. However, flies on nutrient-enriched mediums with kiwi or dragon fruit were more resilient to EMF effects. There were no significant differences in reproductive organ morphometry between diet groups. These results suggest that antioxidant-rich diets could potentially mitigate the adverse effects of EMF radiation.
The epitopes analysis and construction of recombinant plasmid of fused ESAT-6/Tb10.4 for tuberculosis vaccine development
Authors: Pambudi Sabar , Irsyad Anwar Shafrial , Utomo Doddy Irawan Setyo , Nurhasanah Astutiati , Novianti Titta
Published: September 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogenic bacteria responsible for tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease that poses a significant threat in Indonesia. Despite extensive and thorough research efforts throughout the years, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) remains the sole authorized vaccination with varying levels of effectiveness. It offers immunity against tuberculosis in children but is not efficacious in treating tuberculosis in adults. Epidemiological modelling indicates that, despite advancements in pharmacological treatments for tuberculosis, the World Health Organization’s efforts to contain the spread of the illness necessitate the development of a novel vaccine with the ability to prevent tuberculosis. The B-cell epitope prediction algorithms have significant medical and economic value because of their practical use in vaccine development. In this study, we employed immunoinformatic prediction tools such as Alphafold, Ellipro, VaxiJen, and IFNepitop to analyze the epitopes of fuse antigen ESAT-6/Tb10.4. We then performed molecular cloning of fuse gene ESAT-6/Tb10.4 into bacteria expression vector pET21d(+). The predicted template modelling (pTM) from Alphafold 3 of our fused protein is 0.57. Which means it might be similar to the true structure. The B cell epitope from Ellipro analysis showed 5 linear and 5 discontinuous epitopes. Our analysis using IFNepitop predicted 126 candidates induced interferon gamma-inducing epitopes out of 198 peptides. Moreover, we successfully fused the ESAT-6 gene and Tb10.4 gene into expression vector pET21d(+) and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion.
Therapeutic Vaccination Strategies for Breast Cancer
Authors: Tegeler Christian M. , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Walz Juliane S.
Published: September 2024

Even though the impact of the immune system on the clinical course of cancer has been known for decades, its role in the treatment of various tumor entities has often been given little consideration. In recent years, the treatment landscape for breast cancer has undergone significant changes. Routine treatment has been revolutionized, in particular, by the use of T cell-based immunotherapies in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While this underscores the importance of the immune system in the treatment of breast cancer, other T cell-based immunotherapies, such as therapeutic vaccines, do still not play a significant role in clinical practice. In recent years, numerous studies on various vaccine candidates have been conducted, some of which have demonstrated a successful induction of an immune response. The selection of antigens and routes of administration/adjuvants capable of inducing long-lasting and clinically effective T cell responses remains a key challenge. The combination of ICIs with therapeutic vaccines could also hold promise for the future, by enhancing the specificity of the T cell response and thus augmenting the anti-tumor effect.
Wohin fährt der Reformzug? – Hauptstadtkongress 2024
Authors: Czernik Claudia
Published: September 2024

Vom 26.–28. Juni 2024 strömten rund 4800 Menschen aus dem Gesundheitswesen nach Berlin. Diskutiert wurden aktuelle Themen der Gesundheitspolitik und des Versorgungsmanagements, etwa die Krankenhausreform. Zusätzlich zu einem reichhaltigen Vortragsprogramm konnten auf der Ausstellungsfläche die aktuellen OP-Assistenzsysteme, Klinikkonzepte und Gesundheitsstandorte erkundet werden. Neben Geschäftsführenden, Politiker*innen und Buchautor*innen suchte man nur eins (fast) vergeblich: Physiotherapeut*innen.
Wie beeinflusst körperliche Aktivität die Langzeitfolgen von Long Covid? – Wissenschaft nachgefragt
Authors: Veit Katrin
Published: September 2024

Anja Bauer untersuchte in ihrer Masterarbeit den Einfluss körperlicher Aktivität auf die Langzeitfolgen von Covid-19, um evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen für die Entwicklung zielgerichteter Therapieansätze zu formulieren. Sie beobachtete, dass regelmäßige körperliche Betätigung mit einer Verringerung von postinfektiösen Einschränkungen einhergeht.
Testen, provozieren, lokalisieren – Dem Schmerz auf der Spur, Teil 1: HWS
Authors: Petzold Ronny , Schwarz Rainer
Published: September 2024

Wer Clinical Reasoning nutzt, spart wertvolle Therapiezeit. In der Anamnese helfen dabei Leitfragen zur Orientierung, um Hypothesen zu bilden und das Problem zu stratifizieren. In der körperlichen Untersuchung gelingt das Aufspüren der potenziellen Schmerzquelle mittels Bereichslokalisation und spezifischer Provokation und Linderung. Ronny Petzold und Rainer Schwarz erklären im ersten Teil unserer Artikelserie am Beispiel unspezifischer Nackenschmerz die erfolgreiche strukturierte Suche nach der Schmerzursache.
Die Rechtsfrage: Welche Fahrtkosten werden erstattet?
Authors: Schlegel Thomas
Published: September 2024

Wir behandeln Patient*innen auch in ihrem Zuhause. Wenn ein solcher Hausbesuch gleich zu Beginn eines Arbeitstags liegt, gilt die Fahrt dorthin dann als Arbeitsweg oder kann sie mit der gesetzlichen Kilometerpauschale abgerechnet werden?

Therapeutin aus Bayern
A Validated Calculator to Estimate Risk of Chorioamnionitis in Laboring and Induced Patients at Term
Authors: Slagle Helen B. Gomez , Caplan Richard , Kawakita Tetsuya , Sciscione Anthony C. , Hoffman Matthew K.
Published: September 2024

Objective Chorioamnionitis is associated with neonatal morbidity and infection-related mortality, but our ability to predict intrapartum infection is limited. We sought to derive and validate a prediction model for chorioamnionitis among patients presenting to labor and delivery at term.

Study Design This was a planned secondary analysis of a large cohort study from 2014 through 2018 at an academic tertiary care center. To derive a prediction model for chorioamnionitis, we limited our analysis to full-term (≥37 weeks) patients with a singleton gestation undergoing labor induction and presenting in labor. Both nulliparous and multiparous patients were included. Patients with a planned cesarean delivery, fever on admission, or missing data were excluded. The model was derived using multivariable logistic regression. Refinement of the prediction model with internal calibration was performed. External validation was performed utilizing a publicly available database (Consortium on Safe Labor) and applying the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. The discriminative power of each model was assessed using a bootstrap, bias-corrected area under the curve.

Results The chorioamnionitis rates in the derivation and external validation groups were 5% (1,005/19,966) and 5.8% (n = 3,005/52,171), respectively. In multivariable modeling, maternal age, nulliparity, gestational age, smoking status, group B Streptococcus colonization, hours ruptured, number of cervical exams, length of labor, epidural use, internal monitoring, and meconium were significantly associated with infection. A calculator was created and externally validated with an area under the curve of 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.81–0.82). External validity was further confirmed with a calibration intercept of 0.81.

Conclusion This is the first infection calculator created and validated for the prediction of developing chorioamnionitis in patients undergoing induction of labor at term. This calculator can be used to augment patient counseling and guide intrapartum infection surveillance in laboring patients.

Key Points
Necrotizing Fasciitis Post-Cesarean Section Leading to Transabdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Liang Alvina , Idowu Mary Boluwatife , Eskind Steven Joseph , Patel Soha S.
Published: September 2024

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare but life-threatening disease characterized by rapidly spreading inflammation and subsequent necrosis of the fascial planes and surrounding tissues. Limited literature has described NF as involving an adjacent solid organ beyond fascial planes that has required its removal. We present a case of a 25-year-old white female who underwent a cesarean section and subsequently developed NF involving her uterus and abdominal wall that necessitated a total abdominal hysterectomy, serial surgical debridement of necrotic tissue, and wound vacuum assisted closure (VAC) placement. Her pathology report described her uterus infiltrated by polybacteria, confirming a diagnosis of NF. Despite NF's progressive nature and potential lethality, NF can be challenging to diagnose clinically due to a lack of pathognomonic signs and symptoms. However, early detection of NF with the aid of Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score calculation using laboratory values such as white blood cell count, hemoglobin, sodium, glucose, serum creatinine, and C-reactive protein is critical for optimal patient outcomes. A multidisciplinary team approach is vital in treating these patients to debride necrotizing tissue and control the potential sequelae from the infection, particularly for postpartum patients.
Exploring the synergy between hot-electron dynamics and active plasmonics: A perspective
Authors: Goswami Anjan , Kim Andrew S. , Cai Wenshan
Published: September 2024

Physical processes involving hot electrons, including their generation, transport, injection, and relaxation, have been an extensive area of research. The most widely utilized method for actuating the creation of hot electrons involves the excitation of plasmonic modes followed by their non-radiative decay, channeling the energy into these energetic carriers. Since plasmonics has already evolved into a mature field of scientific exploration, active plasmonic devices serve as an ideal platform to study hot-electron physics. In this Perspective article, we will provide the reader with a comprehensive outline of the physics underlying hot-electron dynamics. Emphasis will be placed on the characteristic timescales involved with the lifecycle of hot electrons, the generation and decay mechanisms of surface plasmon-induced hot electrons, and the material platforms suitable for such a study. Then, we will move on to discuss different temperature models used to explain the evolution of hot electrons and the changes in the optical properties of the materials they are generated in or injected into. Finally, we will focus on some of the interesting optical phenomena occurring at ultrafast timescales mediated by hot-carrier dynamics. Such a discussion is expected to incorporate valuable insights into our understanding of the synergistic relationship between hot-electron dynamics and active plasmonics, thereby paving the way for novel applications involving optoelectronics and energy conversion.
Formation of directed wide-aperture flows of runaway electrons in air-filled magnetized diodes
Authors: Lobanov L. N. , Sharypov K. A. , Shpak V. G. , Shunailov S. A. , Yalandin M. I. , Zubarev N. M.
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the results of research, development, and testing of magnetically insulated air diodes with replaceable graphite and stainless-steel tubular and coaxial cathodes of various configurations capable of generating directed bunches of runaway electrons. At the anode, the bunches have cross sections shaped as circles or rings with an outer diameter of 1–2 cm. The durations of the bunches, which carry currents of a few to tens of amperes, range from tens of picoseconds to 100 ps, and their charges range from tenths of a nanocoulomb to a few nanocoulombs. The kinetic energy of the bunch electrons at the peak of the current pulse is typically of the order of 150 keV. The bunch parameters are set (and varied) by varying the amplitude and duration of the subnanosecond high-voltage pulse driving the diode; they depend on the cathode material and on the strength and profile of the applied external magnetic field. The bunches, retaining their cross-sectional structure, are brought out from the diode, along the field lines, through a thin foil or mesh anode into the open space with a quasi-uniform magnetic field between two Helmholtz coils. In this space, the samples to be irradiated with electrons, similarly to objects exposed to radiation in various experiments and technological applications, can be placed.