bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crecimiento económico, empleo y distribución del ingreso en tiempos de pandemia: un análisis de equilibrio general para Colombia.
Authors: Montañez Herrera Diego Fernando , Botero García Jesús Alonso , Arellano Morales Matheo
Published: May 2022

Este artículo cuantifica los efectos sobre la actividad productiva en Colombia que tiene la pandemia por COVID-19 y las medidas de contención, mitigación y recu­peración adoptadas para enfrentarla. Además, se estudian los efectos distributivos, considerando distintos tipos de hogares, para analizar su impacto en los secto­res más vulnerables de la economía. Para ello, se construyó un modelo CGE que resume el comportamiento de la economía colombiana y permite simular los cho­ques por COVID-19. Se encontró un crecimiento económico de 4,6 % en 2021 que sería insuficiente para que el PIB alcance niveles prepandemia. Los efectos socia­les serían devastadores en términos de pobreza, que luego de elevarse en cerca de ocho puntos porcentuales durante 2020, podría seguir aumentando hacia 2021 por efecto de la parcial recuperación de los mercados laborales.
El “idioma de la bioseguridad” y el cuerpo del parlêtre
Authors: Oliveros C. Amanda
Published: May 2022

Abordar la pandemia como un acontecimiento, como una irrupción de un Real que tiene efectos sobre la subjetividad del parlêtre, el hablante ser, introduce la incertidumbre y coloca al sujeto en lo individual y en el colectivo en una suerte de “i-realidad traumática”, por cuanto lo aboca a vivir en suspenso por tiempo indefinido, en el instante de ver los efectos de enfermedad y muerte causados por el coronavirus, sars-cov-2. El presente artículo trata de desentrañar desde qué significante amo, S1, se forja el “idioma de la bioseguridad” y cómo apunta a producir un nuevo cuerpo, impuesto al cuerpo de las costumbres del sujeto del tiempo anterior a la pandemia.
El síntoma como objeción
Authors: De Castro Korgi Sylvia
Published: May 2022

A finales del siglo pasado, los “nuevos síntomas” aparecieron en la escena teórica del psicoanálisis advirtiendo acerca de una cierta resistencia a la “apertura dialéctica” que el psicoanálisis siempre reconoció a toda formación sintomática. Ahora, vale la pena, en la época del imperio de la neurociencia, rescatar el sentido y el alcance del síntoma freudiano, una de cuyas funciones más importantes (la que se acentúa en este artículo), es su valor de objeción ante el discurso imperante.
antígona irreconciliada
Authors: Mesa Duque Clara Cecilia
Published: May 2022

¿Es Antígona el símbolo de la desobediencia, de la indignación o de la sublevación? ¿De la ética? En principio, parece arrastrarlas todas en su acto. Entre las múltiples interpretaciones que la tragedia ha suscitado, este artículo propone una mirada sobre su interpretación en el psicoanálisis. Así, es importante destacar que lo que llama la atención de este personaje para el psicoanálisis es cómo su desobediencia, y esa suerte de sublevación, tiene el carácter de la ética que Lacan formula en los años sesenta en su seminario La ética del psicoanálisis como “no ceder en el deseo”. Entonces, veremos un desarrollo que nos permitirá dar cuenta de los resortes del franqueamiento de todo límite y su lugar en la experiencia analítica, es decir, en la dimensión trágica de la experiencia analítica.
La carta de amor. Un acto de sublevación
Authors: León-López Patricia
Published: May 2022

La carta de amor es un acto de sublevación que permite el paso de una lógica de frontera a una lógica de litoral, del viraje. Entre el saber y el goce, la letra hace litoral para salir del impase de la demanda de sentido y del espejismo de lo fálico. A través de este paso, la carta de amor permite comprender no solamente la función de lo escrito en la confrontación del sujeto con la barra de su verdad, sino el trayecto de la cura: de la carta en sufrimiento en la transferencia a la carta de amor en el pase.
¿Hemos progresado?
Authors: Mesa Duque Clara Cecilia
Published: May 2022

CELEBRACIÓN DE LOS VEINTE AÑOS DE DESDE EL JARDÍN DE FREUD
¿Por qué escribir hoy Desde el Jardín de Freud?
El día 9 de octubre del 2020, en medio del primer año de la pandemia, tuvimos ocasión de presentar el número 20 de la revista Desde el Jardín de Freud. En la distancia, nos acercamos a nuestros lectores y colaboradores no solo para presentar el número dedicado a los “Cálculos del discurso: lo inconsciente y la política”, sino para decir de nueva manera el espíritu que anima esta publicación. Decidimos entonces invitar a tres de nuestros colaboradores cuyas contribuciones siempre han abierto horizontes de elaboración novedosos. Una sola y única pregunta les formulamos a Nieves Soria Dafunchio, Clara Cecilia Mesa y Marie-Jean Sauret:
“¿Por qué escribir hoy Desde el Jardín de Freud?”.
Esta sección reúne las repuestas que cada uno presentó en aquella ocasión.
 
Para ver la jornada completa siga el enlace: https://youtu.be/Amu6Tk-RY-Q
Escribir hoy en día: ¿síntoma de qué?
Authors: Sauret Marie-Jean
Published: May 2022

CELEBRACIÓN DE LOS VEINTE AÑOS DE DESDE EL JARDÍN DE FREUD
¿Por qué escribir hoy Desde el Jardín de Freud?
El día 9 de octubre del 2020, en medio del primer año de la pandemia, tuvimos ocasión de presentar el número 20 de la revista Desde el Jardín de Freud. En la distancia, nos acercamos a nuestros lectores y colaboradores no solo para presentar el número dedicado a los “Cálculos del discurso: lo inconsciente y la política”, sino para decir de nueva manera el espíritu que anima esta publicación. Decidimos entonces invitar a tres de nuestros colaboradores cuyas contribuciones siempre han abierto horizontes de elaboración novedosos. Una sola y única pregunta les formulamos a Nieves Soria Dafunchio, Clara Cecilia Mesa y Marie-Jean Sauret:
“¿Por qué escribir hoy Desde el Jardín de Freud?”.
Esta sección reúne las repuestas que cada uno presentó en aquella ocasión.
 
Para ver la jornada completa siga el enlace: https://youtu.be/Amu6Tk-RY-Q
Chemical and structural changes of ocote pine (Pinus oocarpa) wood caused by thermal modification
Authors: Herrera Builes Jhon Fredy , Osorio Saraz Jairo Alexander , Sepúlveda Villarroel Victor Andrés , Ananías Abuter Rubén Andrés
Published: May 2022

Thermal modifications alter the physical properties and improve the natural durability of wood without using chemical impregnation processes being an environmentally friendly alternative; these improvements could be made due to changes in the internal wood structure. In this investigation, changes caused to the chemical composition and microstructure of wood Pinus oocarpa by thermal modification at 170 and 190 °C were evaluated. The thermal treatment was carried out in a prototype chamber operated during the modification steps under a steam atmosphere, with a continuous flow without pressure. The evaluation of chemical changes was performed following the TAPPI standards. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical microscopy, the wood microstructure was characterized. The results showed a decrease in holocellulose contents by 7% at 170 °C and by 9% at 190 °C; lignin contents increased at 170 °C (6%) and at 190 °C (8%) and extractives were increased by 8% (170 °C) and 13% (190 °C); the changes obtained by the spectra were related to the C-H deformation in cellulose and hemicelluloses and the complex bonds of lignin carbohydrates of the -CH3 (lignin) and CH2 (carbohydrates) groups and organic acids released during thermal modification. Thickness of tracheid walls decreased in earlywood 8% (170 °C) and 22% (190 °C) and in latewood 11% (170 °C) and 14% (190 °C); lumen diameters increased in earlywood to 170 °C (14%) and 190 °C (48%) and in latewood in 14% (170 °C) an in 20% (190 °C). At 190 °C, the cell alterations were higher. Pinus oocarpa was thermally modified at 170 °C showing better wood quality in its internal structure.
Postharvest behavior and chilling injury in avocado (Persea americana Mill) fruit cv. Hass treated with 1-methylcyclopropene, ethylene, and intermittent warming
Authors: Pachón Yerlendy Vanessa , Balaguera Lopez Helber Enrique , Florez-Velasco Nixon
Published: May 2022

Persea americana, cv. Hass has become an important crop in Colombia due to increased exports to European markets; however, the avocado is a climacteric fruit sensitive to chilling injury, reducing its shelf-life and affecting commercialization abroad. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene, ethylene, and intermittent warming on chilling injury and postharvest behavior of avocado cv. Hass. Five treatments were evaluated: Control; Intermittent warming cycles of 4 days at 2 °C + 1 day at 18 °C; Intermittent warming cycles of 7 days at 2 °C + 1 day at 18 °C; 1-methylcyclopropene, and ethylene. The fruits were stored for 29 days at 2 °C and then up to 14 days in the shelf-life period. The intermittent warming treatment 4-days cycles reduced chilling injuries. However, this treatment increased weight loss, respiration, epidermal color index, and electrolyte leakage during the storage  period at 2 °C. Intermittent warming showed that Hass avocado fruit ripens faster, regardless of the application of ethylene in the shelf-life period. The results indicated that intermittent warming reduced the chilling injury, the treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene delayed ripening but it is not recommended for avocado cv. Hass when stored at 2 °C because the chilling injury is not reduced.
Features of National Education in the Mordovian Republic in the Soviet and Post-Soviet periods
Authors: Taraskina Alexandra D. , Skvortsova Larisa G.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. In recent years, the state has been paying great attention to the national development of the regions of the Russian Federation, in which the education sector plays an important role. Regionalization of education involves the creation of conditions for the functioning of regional educational systems in accordance with the cultural needs of the regions, taking into account the national and regional specifics and identity. For fifteen years, the ideological policy of the state in the field of education has been implemented in Mordovia, there is a tendency to teach the native (Mokshan or Erzyan) language. The study of this process is necessary for the formation of the prospects for the development of the regional educational space at the present time. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the use of problem-chronological and historical-comparative methods, which make it possible to trace the history of the development of schools and pedagogical educational institutions of the region in dynamics, to consider general patterns and regional features of the development of the school system. Results. In the course of the study, the features of the development of national education in the Mordovian territory were studied from the moment the Mordovian state autonomy was founded (late 1920s – 1930s) to the present. The specificity of the Soviet model of school education was considered, as well as the school in the post-Soviet period. In addition, the system of teaching national languages, which has developed today, has been analyzed. Discussion and Conclusion. The study of the basic principles of the development of national education in Mordovia showed that at different stages the degree of implementation of the regional component in the general education system was different.

A specific feature of educational policy in the USSR was the gradual denationalization of schools on the basis of a single Russian language. The tendency towards teaching the native language in the system of secondary (general) education in Mordovia began to manifest itself by the beginning of the 1990s. The main task of the Ministry of Education of Mordovia was to ensure the coordinated combination of the Mordovian and Russian components in the general educational institutions of the republic. The revival of high-quality teaching of Mordovian languages fell on the 2000s, when, with the support of regional and federal authorities, a movement began to restore the prestige of the national school.
The Role of Moral Education in the Process of Mastering Knowledge
Authors: Mochalov Evgeniy V. , Chashina Zhanna V.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The article draws attention to the historically established types of knowledge. It is noted that the development of a technogenic society objectively requires a moral component in the process of acquiring knowledge. The purpose of the article is to substantiate, within the framework of a hierarchically subordinate approach, the connection between theoretical and practical components in the learning process. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis is the concepts of Thomists and Neo-Thomists. The matrix is a hierarchically-subordinate approach, which presupposes the formation of both stable knowledge in the corresponding academic discipline in the learning process, and the mechanisms of the formation of a moral personality. Causal-genetic and axiological methods are used as tools. Results. The article argues that the application of the analyzed approach is an effective way to acquire knowledge and transform it for the development of a moral and creative personality. The main conceptual provisions of the considered approach are highlighted, which allows, on the one hand, to form the pedagogical skill of the teacher in the framework of training, on the other hand, to change the student’s value system, developing an interest in knowledge and moral perfection. Discussion and Conclusion. The practical significance of the research focused on the formation of a personal value system is emphasized. The conditions for the practical implementation of the proposed methodology, which occupies an adjacent position between the motivational and educational aspects of the educational process, are indicated.
Political Euphemisation: a View From Social Philosophy
Authors: Savkin Nikolay S.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. In conditions of a dosed democracy, the radically thinking scientific intelligentsia uses a special way of presenting material – political science euphemization and Aesopian language to express sufficiently sharp criticism of the existing system of authority. In politics, euphemisms are used to hide the true content of an article or book in order to mislead the reader. Research Methods. In the process of research the dialectical materialistic and synergistic methods were used, which made it possible to draw objective, scientifically grounded conclusions about the possibility and need to overcome the shortcomings in the ineffective applications of scientific achievements, about the need to stimulate the activity of young scientists, and take a set of measures to overcome the poverty of a part of the population. Of particular concern is the process of the formation of a modern system of education for a whole generation of people, whom academician V. B. Betelin called simulacra. Discussion and Conclusion. The expected effect of a critical analysis of the phenomena of euphemism and the use of the Aesopian language in scientific research and scientific communities, overcoming the non-interference of scientists in politics is the desire of state structures, branches of government to activate the policy of improving the educational system, strengthening the fundamental function of the state – to teach, heal and protect their citizens. Simulacrum is a term that is rarely used by our domestic philosophy, since this particular emerging generation of people is a matter of a possible future. Nevertheless, it requires close attention.
La cultura en Cuba y en el mundo: americanidad y cubanidad en Alejo Carpentier
Authors: Martínez Rodríguez Dianelkys
Published: May 2022

La cultura en Cuba y en el mundo (2003) es un libro que reúne conferencias de Alejo Carpentier, dictadas entre 1964 y 1966. El artículo tiene el propósito de detectar los significados de la “americanidad” y “cubanidad” a partir de dicha obra, además de exponer los hallazgos de una lectura crítica que permitió identificar  su sentido biográfico, visualización de relaciones sociológicas y su vinculación con la política cultural de la Revolución cubana. El discurso de Carpentier se organizó a partir de la lógica entre narrativa-música y lo universal, particular y singular, donde existen características afines tales como: la teoría de los contextos, la épica, lo real, lo maravilloso, el barroco, el tiempo, el uso de vocablos y lo folklórico. Asimismo, se reconoce el surgimiento de un creador-antropólogo, que da lugar a una conciencia nacional y política de la intelectualidad. En general, se concluye que la “americanidad” y la “cubanidad” expresan una identidad nacional surgida de la Conquista y colonización.
La conspiración de Guillén de Lampart: antecedente histórico independentista del Virreinato de la Nueva España (siglo XVII)
Authors: Arias Castro Tomás Federico
Published: May 2022

Con motivo de la conmemoración, en 2021, del bicentenario de las gestas independentistas de los distintos territorios que conformaron al antiguo Virreinato de la Nueva España, el presente artículo de investigación histórica expone un pormenorizado conjunto de factores (fechas, individuos, sitios, incidencias, decisiones, episodios, etc.) que acaecieron, entre la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y el siglo XVII, como los primeros antecedentes de la autonomía mexicana. Al respecto, se expone con amplitud, los intrincados derroteros protagonizados por el pionero personaje Guillén de Lampart, quien fuese el precursor directo de los accionares emancipadores de esa región novohispana, lo cual, junto a una serie paralela de oprobiosas y ruines motivaciones, se erigieron en las causas de su ejecución por parte de las autoridades inquisitoriales, siendo, asimismo, el único prócer no perteneciente al siglo decimonónico, cuya estatua se ubica en la actual Columna de la Independencia en Ciudad de México.
El gran pánico: la quiebra de las financieras en Costa Rica en los años ochenta
Authors: Agüero García Javier
Published: May 2022

El presente estudio analiza, mediante la consulta de fuentes periodísticas, el gran pánico y las reacciones producto de la quiebra de empresas financieras, entes privados encargados de captar recursos de clientes a quienes se les retribuían jugosos intereses por encima de los ofrecidos por los bancos públicos. Los hechos abordados inician en 1987, durante una coyuntura clave en la historia económica de Costa Rica. Primero, se elabora una contextualización de la década, para luego dar paso a la caracterización de la política financiera y la consiguiente quiebra de empresas no bancarias dedicadas a recibir los fondos de los ahorrantes. Luego, se pasa revista a las reacciones de los inversionistas, desesperados frente a la pérdida de su dinero. Finalmente, se analizan las respuestas por parte de autoridades, políticos y empresarios; inquietos por encontrar las causas del desastre, e imbuidos en determinar la pertinencia de nuevas regulaciones. Se concluye con el reconocimiento de una coyuntura extremadamente compleja de la historia financiera de Costa Rica.
La ciudad desde las mujeres: Análisis de los obstáculos de movilidad para las mujeres en la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey
Authors: Rendón Huerta Elda Gabriela
Published: May 2022

La movilidad sin obstáculos es sinónimo de poder, privilegio y libertad. Actualmente, las mujeres enfrentan importantes obstáculos en su movilidad por la ciudad. Entre los principales impedimentos se encuentran la falta de atención a sus necesidades y patrones de movilidad, así como la violencia sexual presente en el espacio público. Esto restringe aquellos espacios públicos urbanos (recreativos, sociales, de tránsito) en los que pueden participar, por lo que su calidad de vida también se ve perjudicada. En este marco, el presente artículo reflexiona sobre cómo viven las mujeres la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey (ZMM), Nuevo León, México a través de sus posibilidades de movilidad. Para esto se analizan dos estudios de movilidad realizados por terceros en conjunto con el gobierno del estado. Se identifican dos principales obstáculos en esta materia para las mujeres de la zona: la dificultad para viajar por medios distintos al automóvil privado y la violencia sexual vivida en la vía pública diariamente.
La mediación y el aprendizaje de la Filosofía en la Universidad: Una experiencia pedagógica con sentido en tiempos aciagos para las humanidades
Authors: Fallas-Vargas Fabrizio , Castillo-Cedeño Rocío , Ramírez-Abrahams Patricia
Published: May 2022

Para pensar y repensar la pedagogía universitaria y que esta tenga sentido, es fundamental reflexionar acerca de la mediación pedagógica para la educación superior, la cual no dista mucho de lo que se pensaría para otros niveles de la educación, principalmente, si se parte de un paradigma que privilegia el aprendizaje antes que la enseñanza y que considera la mediación como: El tratamiento del contenido, la forma y el aprender, para que el estudiantado haga suya la experiencia de aprendizaje. Es por ello, que este artículo tiene la intencionalidad de compartir una experiencia de aprendizaje concreta implementada en un curso de filosofía impartido en una universidad pública de Costa Rica. Por lo tanto, se rescatan las vivencias utilizando la sistematización de experiencias (SE), se reflexiona en la acción y se genera una narrativa que sirve de base para determinar algunos hallazgos significativos que se traduzcan elementos claves para una pedagogía universitaria con sentido. Con la finalidad de responder a la intencionalidad señalada anteriormente, se describe y sistematiza la experiencia de aprendizaje vivida por el estudiantado y con base en ella, se rescatan los hallazgos antes mencionados
Representaciones fotográficas de la violencia tras el terremoto de Valparaíso de 1906 (Chile)
Authors: Palavecino Sepúlveda Gian
Published: May 2022

El terremoto de Valparaíso de 1906 destruyó la ciudad casi en su totalidad. Producto de esto, las autoridades utilizaron la ejecución pública como método para mantener la estabilidad de la ciudad, además estos castigos fueron fijados fotográficamente. Desde este contexto, este artículo tiene por objetivo estudiar las fotografías presentes en las revistas Zig-Zag y Sucesos, el libro La catástrofe del 16 de agosto de 1906 en la República de Chile y 4 álbumes fotográficos. Se han categorizado las imágenes en tres temas: 1) violencia; 2) autoridad; 3) fiscalidad. El texto propone que las imágenes que fueron publicadas tras el terremoto, bien pudieron ser utilizadas para la construcción de un discurso de poder que, a la vez que rememoraba a los grupos dirigentes del puerto como salvadores de la ciudad, legitimaba el poder de las autoridades, construyendo una memoria histórica desde la auto-representación de las élites versus la imagen de los sectores populares.
La mediación pedagógica en entornos virtuales en el sistema educativo costarricense
Authors: Calvo Barquero Leslie Carolina
Published: May 2022

En el marco de la práctica docente contextualizada en tiempo y lugar, para la comprensión de los retos y desafíos en el ámbito de los procesos de aprendizaje y enseñanza, se presenta una visión de la mediación pedagógica docente en tiempos de pandemia en entornos virtuales, mediante la revisión bibliográfica descriptiva de fuentes de referencias que muestran la concepción de la mediación pedagógica en el siglo XXI y sus implicaciones ante los desafíos tecnológicos. Este desafío tecnológico se muestra a lo largo de la toma de medidas que se establecen en el tiempo internacional ante el reto de mantener los procesos educativos en periodos de COVID 19. El presente artículo desea fundamentar la necesidad de rediseñar los procesos de mediación pedagógica con la aplicación de estrategias en entornos virtuales que permitan el desarrollo de habilidades en las personas estudiantes que participan en los sistemas educativos, en particular en el contexto de los procesos educativos costarricenses. Se fundamenta el camino desarrollado por el Ministerio de Educación Pública que desea promover las habilidades y competencia de la persona estudiante, y por ende tomar en cuenta su adaptación para el seguimiento de las herramientas digitales en la aplicación de la mediación pedagógica en la contextualización de la transformación curricular que se ejecuta en Costa Rica. Para la presentacion metodologica de este articulo se presentan algunas visiones de autores en mediacion, entornos virtuales y papel docente mediador, desde una descripción teórica. La propuesta de la observación de un docente mediador en un entorno virtual, ante la respuesta educativa que se ha tenido en tiempo de pandemia, puede determinar de manera reflexiva los desafíos tecnológicos pedagógicos que estimulan el cambio de paradigma educativo.
Biopedagogía y habilidades blandas: Transformando el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Ugalde Naranjo Jinette
Published: May 2022

Este artículo tiene por objetivo abordar los aportes que la biopedagogía y las habilidades blandas ofrecen para el fortalecimiento del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, al ser herramientas que promueven la transformación educativa, especialmente en tiempos de pandemia. Para ello se utiliza como metodología la revisión bibliográfica la cual presenta un análisis, síntesis y argumentación de diferentes recursos documentales. Como conclusiones se evidencia la necesidad imperante de contar con una visión prospectiva de la educación, donde el eje central no sea únicamente la transferencia de información, sino que se promueva el aprendizaje significativo y se impulse la creatividad, la construcción y el trabajo colaborativo
Comunicación: herramienta transformadora para incentivar la interacción y la afectividad en el proceso de aprendizaje en entornos virtuales
Authors: Ugalde Naranjo Jinette , Brenes Montero Jacqueline , Calvo Barquero Leslie Carolina
Published: May 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar a través de la revisión bibliográfica cómo la comunicación es una herramienta que transforma el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje desde un entorno virtual y permite la construcción del conocimiento colaborativo y afectivo a través de la mediación pedagógica. Para ello, es fundamental reconocer que la comunicación es un proceso primordial para la convivencia con el otro; es una clave social que da como resultado la interrelación de dos o más personas. En este sentido, Duarte (2003) citado por Brönstrup, Godoi y Ribeiro (2007), menciona que es un “fenómeno perceptivo en el cual dos conciencias comparten en la frontera” (p.29). Es un vehículo que propicia la construcción de aprendizajes a través de la colaboración, donde la cercanía y la cohesión son el punto focal que logra aminorar las diferencias geográficas y la distancia personal a través del diseño de interacciones (Pérez, 2009).
Use of algorithms in building construction preparation
Authors: Máder Patrik Márk , Rák Olivér , Bakai Nándor , Etlinger József , Zagorácz Márk
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, it is increasingly important to develop economical construction processes and determine predictable costs. The current level of technology offers countless, even undeveloped opportunities to support architectural, engineering, and construction processes. Building information models created as results of design processes and databases associated with them can provide an appropriate base to fulfill the requirements. However, this information is mainly available only for the largest projects; the possibilities offered by traditional editable vector files (e.g., *.DWG) should also be examined. This study analyzes the efficiency increasing possibilities that can be achieved using low-detail 3D models generated by algorithms and applying 2D-based digital quantity estimation workflows.
Modern view on the prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications in women with HCV infection
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Chaika K.V. , Zapopadna Y.M. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: May 2022

The article reviews the literature on current views on pregnancy and hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as on recent advances in the study of the effects of the disease on pregnancy and pregnancy on the course of the disease. Management of viral hepatitis C during pregnancy requires an assessment of the risk of transmission to the child, determining the age of gestation at the time of infection and the risk of maternal decompensation, as well as awareness of the side effects of antiviral drugs. Purpose - to analyze new data from the literature of different countries to determine the main problem of management of pregnant women with hepatitis C. Results and conclusions. Numerous studies by scientists in different countries agree on the possible complications of pregnancy during its course on the background of CHC, there is new information about the pathogenesis of damage to the placenta, fetus. However, the available effective treatments are completely contraindicated for pregnant women, for breastfeeding women, as well as for women planning to become pregnant in the next 12 months. That is why the problem of hepatitis C in the modern world must continue to be studied. It is also important to increase screening for at-risk groups, to increase the percentage of identified sick women and to introduce active preventive treatment for women planning a pregnancy. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
An antibacterial strategy on chrome-free tanned leather: based on β-cyclodextrin aldehyde derivatives and small molecule
Authors: Huitao Wen , Guofei Yu , Yining Chen , Nianhua Dan , Weihua Dan
Published: May 2022

Chrome tanning has dominated in leather production up to now, while facing a significant challenge in terms of chromium. Therefore, the chrome-free tanning process becomes an inevitable choice. However, chrome-free tanned leather (CFTL) is poor in antibacterial properties, which limits its practical application in leather production. In this work, a new environment-friendly antibacterial strategy based β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) aldehyde derivatives and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CH) as a small molecule model antibacterial agent was developed to address this issue along with improving the comprehensive performances of leather. The structure and properties of obtained leather were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric, and its antibacterial effect against E. coli and S. aureus was investigated. The results showed that compared with CFTL without β-CD modification and CH treatment, the Ts, Td and Tp of the leather with this method possessed increased 5.7°C, 4.9°C, and 6.9°C, respectively. After being treated by CH with 90 days of storage, the antibacterial rates against E. coli and S. aureus still reached 99.8% and 97.4%, respectively, which were 29.9% and 34.4% higher than those without β-CD treatment. It, that antibacterial agent is included in the cavity of β-CD on CFTL, will improve the poor antibacterial durability due to the release of the small molecule antimicrobial agent. These findings, therefore, indicated that a new antibacterial method on CFTL with β-cyclodextrin aldehyde derivatives and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride has potential practical application prospects in leather production.
Bezpieczeństwo II Rzeczpospolitej – oceny. 1 wrzesień 1939 r. – „niespodziewana” wojna z III Rzeszą i „zaskoczenie” agresją (17) Związku Sowieckiego
Authors:   Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne, Oddział Opole, Woźny Aleksander
Published: May 2022

The Wehrmacht (German armed forces) attacked Poland without declaration of war on 1 September 1939, on the orders of the leader of the III Reich. Then, on 17 September, the Red Army forced the borders of the Polish II Republic. The title of the article reflects what Polish historiography will forever struggle with – whether the aggression by its western neighbour was “unexpected” and whether we can consider the invasion from its eastern neighbour a “surprise”. Above all, the question is whether the military (General Staff; military intelligence) and political leadership (Foreign Ministry) of the state foresaw beforehand the possibility of rift in Polish-German relations and the renewal of a German-Soviet alliance/pact (cooperation), which in consequence brought about undeclared war with Poland’s eastern neighbour. The presented article is in sections and presented in chronological order.
Polska polityka zagraniczna w propagandzie „sektora robotniczego” Obozu Zjednoczenia Narodowego (1937–1939)
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Zackiewicz Grzegorz
Published: May 2022

The presented article is a contribution to the history of the propaganda of the ruling camp in Poland in the last years before the outbreak of World War II. At that time, international issues became particularly topical and important, which of course was directly related to the dynamically changing political situation in Europe. They were reflected, among others in the propaganda of pro-government trade unions mentioned in the text.
Autorytarny i demokratyczny potencjał – japońskie stowarzyszenia sąsiedzkie w ujęciu instytucjonalizmu historycznego
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University, Bochorodycz Beata
Published: May 2022

Japan’s neighborhood associations (NHA) have been the subject of polemics for years. These disputes concern both their autonomy in relation to public administration and voluntary membership, and thus their civic nature, as well as the period and genesis of the formation. This article analyzes the debate on the subject, tracing the transformation and metamorphosis of neighborhood associations from the perspective of historical institutionalism. The article consists of four parts, the first one briefly discusses the concepts of historical institutionalism as well as the main assumptions and definitions adopted in this article, the second presents the profile of contemporary neighborhood associations in terms of structure, financing, and activities; the third sketches a historical development, and the fourth examines the factors for the rebirth of associations after the end of the war in Asia and the Pacific in 1945. The main argument of the article is twofold. First, the constitutive principles of neighborhood associations changed under the influence of the dominant political regime, and in the post-war transformation process the change has been occurring gradually and incrementally, primarily under the influence of generational change and other systemic and environmental factors; secondly, neighborhood associations developed after the war as a result of path dependence and the effect of self-reinforcement, i.e. the positive experiences of residents with the functioning of these organizations in previous periods as a tool to solve community problems and meet specific needs.
(Sub)national leadership in the European Union – the case of Alex Salmond
Authors:   Uniwersyt Szczeciński, Czapiewski Tomasz
Published: May 2022

The aim of this article is to describe one exemplification of the phenomena of subnational leadership in the conditions of widely developed European integration, that created multi level political stratus. Alex Salmond for many years stands as charismatic leader of regional political party and succeeded in electoral competition. His method of political activities are stemming controversies, though, the summary of his overall political activities must point out his influence on the structure of modern United Kingdom – there is great possibility that we are 1–2 years ago from independence referendum.
Peculiarities of the carriage contract under the Kazakhstan Republic law
Authors:   Kazakhstan State University, Sharipova Assel
Published: May 2022

Contract of carriage and transportation terms and their special features are important problems of the civil law. Kazakhstan has chosen innovational development and it requires radical reforms in all spheres. Nowadays transportation is widely used , so there are different legal problems concerning it. The purpose of the given research was to systemize drawbacks in legal regulation of transport relations, to give legal assessment, theoretical and practical recommendations, tasks were the reason and base to define ways in reaching the purpose. Kazakhstani legislation relating to transportation sphere consists of six stages. The main tasks of our work were to determine different legal problems on those stages and to make right decisions.
Militarisation of outer space – selected problems
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie, Żebrowski Andrzej
Published: May 2022

This article aims at indicating a significant problem from the point of view of international security, i.e. militarisation of outer space and the ongoing race for domination with the participation of the United States, the Russian Federation, China and India. The ongoing development of military resources in the outer space and the existing gaps in the international law regulations concerning space law result in the fact that the concept of the cosmic theatre of war is gradually realised. One of the biggest challenges that are contemporarily faced by the international security is the proliferation of missile technology, especially in those countries that are seeking to obtain a favourable regional geopolitical position or aspiring to become supra-regional leaders. Missile defence system consists of four inter-related and complementary elements: land, sea, air and outer space.
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile – ICBM – a Symbol of “Cold War”?
Authors:   University in Poznań, Kościelniak Karol
Published: May 2022

World War II marked the beginning of the forty-five years long period of tense peace, described as the Cold War. Two superpowers that emerged from World War II started to compete for hegemony over the world, representing two diametrically different political and economic systems. In any other historical period, such situation would lead to an inevitable great war, but after 1945 the competition was threatened by the possibility of using nuclear weapon whose capability of destruction was so enormous that neither of parties ventured direct confrontation. World War II contributed to scientific advancement that played a crucial role in the military progress of these states. The development of technologies assisting nuclear weapon resulted in a revolutionary change in military capability provided by the parties of the conflict. Rocket projectiles were the symbol of the 20th century, due to the fact that they carried humans into space, but also because they carried deadly weapon capable of killing hundreds thousands people. This combination of nuclear weapon with medium-range and intercontinental missiles caused that the world had to face permanent threat.
Polish Development Aid to Tajikistan – The Difficult Question Concerning The Meaning of Help
Authors:   University of Wroclaw, Zalas-Kamińska Katarzyna
Published: May 2022

No matter what the reasons are for providing development aid, the “how and where” of the countries doing it infiuences their image in international relations and testifies to the intelligent power of a country. Helping a country such as Tajikistan is difficult, and not only because of its geographic location or high level of poverty. It is hard to make some changes there (especially in the field of democracy) when a donor country has to face the despotic presidency of Rachmon and the high level of support for Putin’s policies. Since 2004 Poland has been providing aid to this country (mainly with the participation of Polish NGOs), regardless of the fact as to whether it was on the list of priority countries or not. What are the main areas of Polish aid there? And what does Poland want and expect to achieve by helping the Tajiks? In this research and analysis the author looks for answers to these two questions.
Military Force in Contemporary Political Reality
Authors:   University of Szczecin, J. Piątek Jarosław
Published: May 2022

For the purposes of this article it has been assumed that the army should not become an autonomous constituent of the state’s structure, since this would pose a threat of taking over a dominant position by this specific formation. The aim of the article is to analyze the modification of the reasons for the outbreak of war, and the means of conducting it. The ongoing changes in the security environment, both in national and worldwide scale, as well as the proceeding national interests of our country imply increasingly advanced tasks for the army and considerably extend their range. The process of transformation in the Polish army is being continued. Further changes are targeted at increasing operational capability in order to enable efficient accomplishment of domestic tasks and performing missions outside its borders. In the contemporary international reality there is a prevailing conviction, that the threat of the outbreak of a global-scale war is rather unlikely. However, other jeopardies and risks have recently come to the fore.
Respecting European Standards Concerning Human Rights of LGBT People in the Russian Federation and Ukraine. A Comparative Analysis
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Orzechowski Marcin , Jartyś Janusz ,   University of Szczecin
Published: May 2022

The LGBT rights are lately one of the aspects of a social and political discourse both in the Russian Federation and in Ukraine. In these countries of a common historical heritage there are some analogies in the perspective on human rights and their realization. It may be also noted that the LGBT rights have become an instrument of politics. In the following article the authors present a comparative analysis of the way in which the LGBT rights are respected in the Russian Federation and in Ukraine. They will depict the similarities and differences between these two countries which result from historical conditions, and will provide an analysis of the current perception of non-heterosexual people in both countries.
The Duty to Care for the State of the Environment in Polish Constitutional Regulations
Authors:   University of Rzeszow, Hadała-Skóra Anna , Grabowska Sabina
Published: May 2022

According to the Polish constitutional tradition, regulations concerning the duties of man and citizen can be found in chapter II of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland devoted to the rights and freedoms of the Polish Constitution, specifically in Articles 82-86 inclusive. The Constitution devotes relatively little space to its duties, and the catalog indicated therein is not extensive. The purpose of articulating obligations in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland is primarily to emphasize the most important ones from the point of view of the state, society and individual. In each country, some constitutional obligations are addressed only to citizens, while others are imposed on all who are subject to the authority of a given country. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland also does so. Indicated in art. 86 the obligation to care for the state of the environment and responsibility for its deterioration is in the group of universal obligations in terms of subject, which are imposed on every person who is within the jurisdiction of the Republic of Poland. This study is an analysis of the concept of environment, care for the state of the environment and the provisions of the constitution on this subject.
Some Methodological Reflections on the Efficiency of “Political and Military Decision Making” in a Hybrid Reality
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Zbigniew Szałek Benon
Published: May 2022

The aim of this paper is to present some methodological reflections on hybrid activities (spaces, knowledge about spaces, comparison of spaces, dynamic spaces, coordination of hybrid activities, efficiency of “hybrid activities”).
Definition and Typology of European Union Missions
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Wojnicz Luiza
Published: May 2022

In view of the contemporary challenges and threats, European Union’s efforts in the area of civil and military capacity building are extremely important. As an international organization having a high impact on third countries, the European Union plays a key role in conflict prevention and crisis response. In external governance EU has two sectoral policies at its disposal: the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). The CFSP is responsible for resolving conflicts and fostering international understanding using diplomacy and giving respect for international rules. The CSDP is responsible for carrying out civilian and military missions as well as for diffusing rules, which affect, in various respects, the improvement of security management in third countries through their incorporation. By adopting today’s global approach, both military and civilian, to crisis management and continuing to strengthen its capacity for action and analytical tools, the European Union is becoming a major security vector at international level, and its Common Security and Defense Policy expeditionary missions are the tangible proof.
CONVERSAS ENTRE PESQUISA E ORIENTAÇÃO: CAMINHANDO DE PÉS DESCALÇOS EM UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA
Authors: Nicolaiewsky Clarissa de Arruda , Gonçalves Teresa
Published: May 2022

Neste artigo propomos pensar a pesquisa em educação a partir das reflexões de uma doutoranda e sua orientadora acerca de dois processos singulares: a relação com a escola que se vai produzindo no encontro com seus habitantes e a relação de orientação que acompanha e sustenta tal caminhar investigativo. A pesquisa de observação participante, realizada por 18 meses em uma escola municipal de Duque de Caxias, acompanhou o trabalho das professoras do ciclo de alfabetização a partir dos indícios oferecidos pelas crianças do que as práticas produziam nelas. Entrar no campo com abertura para que a investigação pudesse ser construída coletivamente demandou pensar a universidade a partir das intersecções entre conhecimento e experiência, pensar as relações que aí se dão para além da lógica da produtividade que parecem colonizá-las na atualidade, para pensar a liberdade como modo de existência, abertura aos outros e ao mundo, que implica abandonar o conforto das posições estabelecidas e enfrentar o risco do desconhecido. Esta abertura estava presente também nos encontros do grupo de pesquisa e nos encontros individuais de orientação onde se experimentavam formas de relação com objetos particulares de pesquisa e se questionavam modos instituídos e naturalizados de produção do conhecimento. As experiências formativas e o próprio processo de escrita tiveram importante papel no desenvolvimento da pesquisa. A partir desta experiência se procurou produzir deslocamentos nos caminhos da pesquisa em educação e nos modos como tem sido entendido o papel da orientação no processo de formação de pesquisadoras/es em educação.
O trabalho de projeto nas práticas educativas de professores em início de carreira
Authors: Tempera Tiago , Tinoca Luís
Published: May 2022

O início de carreira de um professor é um período desafiante para o desenvolvimento das suas práticas educativas. Apesar de valorizarem métodos ativos de ensino, tais como a Metodologia de Trabalho de Projeto, a pressão sentida nesta fase leva a que os professores em início de carreira experienciem dificuldades de natureza diversa na sua implementação. Este estudo visa conhecer a forma como os professores do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, em início de carreira, integram a Metodologia de Trabalho de Projeto nas suas práticas educativas. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e da análise documental ao espólio de oito professores. Os resultados demonstram que os professores valorizam e procuram contemplar o Trabalho de Projeto nas suas práticas educativas. As dificuldades sentidas poderiam ser atenuadas através de uma abordagem metodológica mais consistente na formação inicial de professores e de uma análise das prioridades educativas nas escolas onde lecionam, que sobrecarrega os professores iniciantes com demasiadas tarefas paralelas ao serviço docente.