bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights on Lattice Discrete Particle Model Calibration and Validation Procedure to Simulate Polypropylene and Steel Fibre-Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Poudel Sushant , Cibelli Antonio , Del Prete Clementina , Wan-Wendner Roman , Mazzotti Claudio , Buratti Nicola
Published: February 2025

The use of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) has been substantially increasing in the last few years, in different fields of the construction industry. Recently, many experiments have been performed to observe the short- and long-term mechanical behaviour of FRC, and several models have been formulated to capture its mechanical response. In this work, the mechanical behaviour is simulated through the Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM) and its extension to fibre-reinforced cementitious composites (LDPM-F). This paper aims to provide insights into the calibration process and potential pitfalls in a case where only limited experimental data are available—in this case, unconfined uniaxial compression and three-point bending tests on different mixes of polypropylene and steel fibre-reinforced concretes. As a first step, a sensitivity analysis is performed to weight the effect of each governing mesoscale parameter on the simulated macroscale behaviour. Then, for each mix at issue, different sets of model parameters are identified as capable of accurately matching the experimental evidence. As a validation, each calibrated set is used to simulate energy absorption tests on round panels. The validation stage shows that one of the identified sets, for the FRC with polypropylene fibres, accurately matches the round panels’ response, while the others result in acceptable predictions. For the mix with steel fibres, instead, none of the sets captures the experimental results, likely due to the different post-cracking behaviour detected in fracture and energy absorption tests. Finally, a parametric study showcases how the LDPM-F might serve as tool to optimise the mix design without extensive experimental investigations.
Blockchain for Quality: Advancing Security, Efficiency, and Transparency in Financial Systems
Authors: Kukman Tomaž , Gričar Sergej
Published: February 2025

This article delves into the transformative impact of blockchain technology on enhancing transaction quality and efficiency. Since the emergence of blockchain alongside Bitcoin in 2008, its decentralised and transparent nature has significantly improved transaction speed, security, and cost efficiency. These advancements have solidified blockchain as a foundational innovation in financial services. The paper examines critical milestones in blockchain, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Binance Coin (BNB), and their role in reshaping global finance by automating processes and reducing reliance on intermediaries. Additionally, the study evaluates blockchain’s impact on quality management, particularly emphasising how its immutable ledger system enhances the reliability and transparency of financial transactions. Despite challenges such as scalability, energy consumption, and regulatory hurdles, the potential for blockchain to redefine transaction quality in financial services is evident. This research contributes to the growing body of literature by integrating blockchain technology and traditional quality management systems, providing a comprehensive perspective on how the two domains influence one another. The findings underscore blockchain’s ability to drive innovation in financial services while addressing security, efficiency, and operational quality concerns.
Staying Close to Home: Horizontal Movements of Satellite-Tracked Reef Manta Rays Mobula alfredi (Krefft, 1868) in the World’s Largest Manta Sanctuary
Authors: Setyawan Edy , Sianipar Abraham B. , Mambrasar Ronald , Izuan Muhamad , Hasan Abdy W. , Fahmi  , Mujiyanto  , Ambafen Orgenes , Mofu Imanuel , Putra Mochamad Iqbal Herwata , Erdmann Mark V.
Published: February 2025

Indonesia is home to significant populations of globally vulnerable reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) in at least four key regions: Berau, Nusa Penida, Komodo, and Raja Ampat. Despite detailed population studies in each of these regions, little is known about their horizontal movement patterns. Our study used satellite telemetry to investigate reef manta rays’ habitat use and home ranges. A total of 33 manta rays were tagged with SPLASH10F-321A satellite tags across the four regions: Berau (n = 5), Nusa Penida (n = 8), Komodo (n = 6), and Raja Ampat (n = 14), yielding usable data from 25 tags. The rays were tracked for 7 to 118 days (mean ± SD = 50 ± 30) from July 2014 to July 2022. The results showed localized movements, strong residency near tagging sites, and high site fidelity as evidenced by area-restricted search (ARS) behaviors and frequent revisitations. Most manta rays showed restricted home ranges in each region, with no connectivity between regions. Across 25 individuals, the home range (95% utilization distributions) varied significantly, ranging from 19 to 48,294 km2 (mean ± SD = 4667 ± 10,354). These findings offer important insights into the spatial movement patterns of reef manta rays in Indonesia, allowing the formulation of more effective management strategies.
Pilot-Scale Production of Sericin-Derived Oligopeptides (SDOs) from Yellow Silk Cocoons: Peptide Characterization and Specifications
Authors: Sangsawad Papungkorn , Chumee Surangkhanang , Laosam Phanthipha , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Katemala Sasikan , Sutheerawattananonda Manote
Published: February 2025

Our previous research demonstrated the health benefits of sericin-derived oligopeptides (SDOs) from yellow silk cocoons, particularly their hypoglycemic and antihypertensive properties. This study aims to produce SDOs at a pilot scale, preparing them for large commercial production as a novel food ingredient, and investigates the impact of scale-up on their characteristics and specifications. We compared the productivity of SDOs generated from 25 L and 300 L batches via the hydrolysis of sericin using 5% Neutrase (E/S) at 50 °C for 4 h. The 300 L production scale outperformed the 25 L scale, achieving a hydrolysis degree (DH) of 8.63%, a solid recovery rate of 94.35%, and enhanced inhibitory actions for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The characterization of peptides was carried out in ultrafiltered SDOs. Peptides < 3 kDa demonstrated optimal enzyme inhibition and were then fractionated by size exclusion chromatography into nine distinct fractions. Of the nine fractions, F1, F8, and F9 had significant enzyme inhibitory activity. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 32 unique peptide sequences, with YPDLPYH exhibiting significant dual inhibitory effects on both DPP-IV (IC50 1.35 mM) and ACE (IC50 18.10 μM). The maximum residue limit (MRL) for trace metals, pesticide residues, and microbiological contamination in SDOs complies with food regulations. SDOs exhibited stability at 4, 25, and 45 °C for six months, based on their physical characteristics and biological activity. Considering their investigated characteristics, SDOs could be manufactured at a pilot capacity and used as a functional food component in commercial applications designed to improve metabolic health.
Correlations of Gelling Properties and 3D Printability to the Chemical Composition and Rheological Properties of Surimi from Different Marine Fish Species
Authors: Liu Yijin , Tong Xinyan , Li Jiajia , Yang Ruizhi , Liu Zhengjie , Shi Xuezhi , Zheng Bin , Tian Fang , Zhao Yadong
Published: February 2025

Samples of marine surimi made from six different fish types have been comprehensively investigated and compared in terms of chemical composition, protease activity, gelling chemistry, gel properties and 3D printability. It has been found that surimi with high protein content, low fat concentration, low activity of endogenous protease (cathepsin B, cathepsin L, cathepsin D, calpain and serine protease) and low TVB-N showed better gelling capacity and gel properties. However, the 3D printability of surimi was more relevant to apparent viscosity. The surimi with viscosity between 5000 Pa·s and 12,000 Pa·s yielded better printing performance as indicated by higher printing accuracy than 97% and less cooking loss. This study clarified the effects of marine fish types on the corresponding surimi gelation and gel properties, and successfully established relationships between surimi properties and 3D printing performance, thus providing new insights on exploring new surimi sources and developing 3D surimi printing techniques.
From Waste to Value: Extraction of Protease Enzymes from Brewer’s Spent Yeast
Authors: Schottroff Marie , Jaeger Klara-Marie , Malvis Romero Ana , Schneeberger Mark , Liese Andreas
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the potential of additive-free extraction techniques to produce a proteolytically active yeast extract for use in the food industry. Brewer’s spent yeast, a by-product of the brewing industry, is utilized as a feedstock, and thus a new route for its valorization is proposed. Four methods of releasing these components while maintaining their intrinsic bioactivity are investigated: thermal autolysis, ultrasonication, cell milling and high-pressure homogenization. Thermal yeast autolysis resulted in the highest release of protease activity, with 2.45 ± 0.05 U/gdm after 3 h incubation at 45 °C. However, autolysis poses challenges for automation, and thus a stop criterion, due to the lack of in-line enzyme activity assays,. While glass bead treatment gave the highest reproducibility, ultrasonication and high-pressure homogenization resulted in comparably high protease activities in the BSY extracts produced. Both methods, in the form of a cell mill and high-pressure homogenizer, are cell disruption methods that are already employed on an industrial scale. It has now been demonstrated that these methods can be used to produce proteolytically active yeast extracts from a previously considered waste stream.
Long-Day Photoperiod Improves the Growth and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Wang Yin , Li Xuxu , Xu Tingting , Li Huacheng , Liu Jieya , Yang Qiushi , Li Wenhan , Zidan Sayed R. S. , Jiang Chengchen , Yuan Yutian , Tang Rong , Yu Liqin , Li Li , Zhang Xi , Li Dapeng
Published: February 2025

To investigate the effects of photoperiods on the growth and muscle quality indicators of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), 225 fish (109.65 ± 3.62 g) were randomly assigned into five different photoperiod groups (0L:24D, 8L:16D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D, and 24L:0D). The experiment spanned a 75-day period, after which sampling and analysis were performed. Compared with the 0L:24D and 8L:16D groups, the 12L:12D and 16L:8D groups significantly promoted the growth of grass carp (p < 0.05). The texture parameters of the muscle in the 0L:24D and 16L:8D groups were significantly greater than those in the 12L:12D group (p < 0.05). The crude protein content was significantly higher in the 12L:12D and 16L:8D groups (p < 0.05). The amino acid content and muscle fiber characteristics, as well as the mRNA levels of myostatin (mstn), myogenic factor 5 (myf5), type I collagen α1 (col1α1), and α2 (col1α2), along with the hydroxyproline and collagen contents, were all significantly influenced by the photoperiod (p < 0.05). The lysine (Lys), aspartic acid (Asp), and alanine (Ala) contents in the muscle and muscle fiber density of grass carp reached the highest levels under the 16L:8D treatment (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results indicate that a 16L:8D photoperiod is optimal for enhancing both the growth and muscle quality indicators of grass carp. The findings of this study offer valuable scientific references for the precise regulation of grass carp quality when using a photoperiod, and they are anticipated to foster the further development and optimization of strategies for improving grass carp quality.
Modulation of Gut Mycobiome and Serum Metabolome by a MUFA-Rich Diet in Sprague Dawley Rats Fed a High-Fructose, High-Fat Diet
Authors: Zhao Zhihao , Zhong Lihuang , Wu Jiajin , Zeng Guangzhen , Liu Songbin , Deng Yuanyuan , Zhang Yan , Tang Xiaojun , Zhang Mingwei
Published: February 2025

The intake of oleic acid-rich fats, a hallmark of the Mediterranean diet, has well-documented beneficial effects on human metabolic health. One of the key mechanisms underlying these effects is the regulation of gut microbiota structure and function. However, most existing studies focus on gut bacteria, while gut fungi, as a vital component of the gut microbiota, remain largely unexplored. This study compared the effects of regular peanut oil (PO) and high-oleic acid peanut oil (HOPO) on the gut mycobiome and serum metabolome employing ITS high-throughput sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics to explore how dietary fatty acid composition influences gut microecology. Both HOPO and PO effectively reversed high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFFD)-induced reductions in gut fungal diversity, with HOPO showing superior efficacy in restoring gut microbiome balance, as reflected by an improved fungal-to-bacterial diversity ratio and reduced abundance of pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Candida. Furthermore, HOPO demonstrated a greater ability to normalize serum bile acid levels, including taurochenodesoxycholic acid, and to reverse elevated pantothenol levels, suggesting its potential role in maintaining bile acid metabolism and CoA biosynthesis. In summary, HOPO is more effective than PO in maintaining the normal structure and function of gut mycobiome in HFFD-fed SD rats.
The Influence of the Nutritional and Mineral Composition of Vegetable Protein Concentrates on Their Functional Properties
Authors: López-Calabozo Rocío , Martínez-Martín Iván , Rodríguez-Fernández Marta , Absi Yamina , Vivar-Quintana Ana María , Revilla Isabel
Published: February 2025

Vegetable proteins derived from legumes, cereals or pseudocereals have increased in popularity in recent years, becoming very interesting for the food industry. In addition to their nutritional interest, these products have techno-functional properties that allow them to be used in the production of a wide variety of foods. This research has studied the nutritional and mineral composition of 12 samples of rice, pea and soy concentrates. The objective was to investigate the influence of this nutritional composition, mainly mineral components, on the techno-functional properties (water- and oil-binding capacity, swelling, emulsifying, gelling and foaming capacities) of these concentrates. For this purpose, a Pearson correlation matrix and a GH biplot method were applied. The results showed that there is a correlation between mineral content and functional properties. Mg, K and Ca were positively correlated with protein solubility index, oil absorption capacity and swelling capacity. Na and P contents were positively related to water absorption capacity and emulsifying capacity. Gelling capacity was positively correlated with Mg contents and negatively correlated with Cu and Fe contents. The preliminary results reported in this study highlight the necessity to further assess the influence of non-protein components on the techno-functionality of protein concentrates.
Chickpea-Based Milk Analogue Stabilized by Transglutaminase
Authors: Snir Barak , Fishman Ayelet , Glusac Jovana
Published: February 2025

Plant-based milk substitutes are becoming increasingly popular in the food industry. Among different plant proteins, chickpea proteins (CP) offer unique qualities as good functional and nutritional properties, followed by pleasant taste. This study examines the ability of the production of o/w emulsions resembling milk analogue (3% w/w chickpea protein, 3% w/w canola oil) by using chickpea protein isolate with/without the enzyme transglutaminase (TG) (50 U/g of protein). As a reference material, commercial soymilk was used. The emulsions were characterized by particle size distribution, zeta potential, viscosity, and microstructure. The TG-crosslinked chickpea protein milk analogue demonstrated improved stability, characterized by enhanced zeta potential (−24.7 mV) and extended shelf life compared to chickpea protein milk analogue without TG and soymilk. Stable particle size distribution (D[3,2] 0.11–0.17 µm) and shear-thinning behaviour (viscosity values of 2.16 mPas at 300 1/s) additionally contributed to their stability and desirable viscosity. Overall, chickpea protein milk analogue crosslinked by TG presents a promising alternative to traditional and plant-based milk products, offering clean-label, functional, and shelf-stable formulations. The additional optimization of protein concentration and processing conditions could enhance the overall functionality even further.
Quantum Technologies for the Einstein Telescope
Authors: Korobko Mikhail
Published: February 2025

Quantum technology is central to the operation of modern gravitational-wave detectors and will play crucial role in the success of next-generation observatories, such as the Einstein Telescope. There, quantum squeezed light will be utilized to suppress quantum noise across the entire detection band, a task that demands advancements in several areas of quantum technology. This review provides an introduction to the quantum technologies employed in gravitational-wave detection and explores in detail their properties, challenges, and the potential they hold for the Einstein Telescope.
Providers’ Practices and Associated Factors in Educating Pregnant Women on the Prevention of Maternal Anemia During Antenatal Care Visits in Ujiji Municipality, Kigoma Region, Tanzania
Authors: Marwa Fredy , Konje Eveline , Tupa Theckla , Gwimile Mlemile , Basinda Namanya
Published: February 2025

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is among the preventable severe public health problems, responsible for around 14.5% of maternal mortality in Tanzania. Antenatal visits are among the pillars that aid in reducing the burden of anemia in pregnancy. However, there are discrepancies in adherence and performance across different domains of Antenatal care (ANC) by healthcare workers. Therefore, this study examined providers’ practices and associated factors in educating pregnant women on preventing maternal anemia during antenatal care visits in Kigoma and Ujiji Municipal Council in the Kigoma region. Methods: This was a cross-sectional design involving a total of 430 client exit interviews across 18 facilities. The association between the provision of maternal anemia education and other factors such as health facility level, age group, sex, economic activities, and ANC visitation was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant throughout the study. Results: The study revealed that most participants (70.4%) reported receiving anemia information during ANC visits. The most common topics were insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) (76%) and types of food to prevent anemia (74%), while 20.8% and 24.8% reported receiving information about worm infestation and deworming, respectively. Only 34.4% (95%CI: 26.5–43.3%) of pregnant women were informed of at least five topics. Conclusions: The study reveals limited education provision on anemia among pregnant women. There is a discrepancy in topic coverage among facilities and individuals.
Exploring the Relationship Between Clinical Supervision and Well-Being in the Otolaryngology Residency Board in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alessa Mohammad Ali , Eltouny Sarah Ahmed , Alsaab Hashem O. , Abed Rabab Abdel Ra’oof
Published: February 2025

Background/ Objectives: Surgical residency is widely recognized as a highly stressful phase due to long working hours and the challenges of managing complex cases. Additionally, family responsibilities, such as being a spouse or parent, can have a positive or negative impact on residents’ well-being. This study aimed to explore the relationship between clinical supervision and mental well-being among otolaryngology residents in Saudi Arabia, focusing on how supervision conditions influence well-being at different stages of training. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional correlational study conducted among Saudi otolaryngology head and neck surgery residents. An online survey was used to collect data from 64 residents, utilizing the Dutch Residents Educational Climate Test (D-RECT) to assess clinical supervision and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) to measure well-being. The data were analyzed to determine the association between supervision conditions and well-being across different residency levels. Results: The results showed that the majority of residents reported higher mean scores for items such as “I’ve been feeling useful” (3.53 ± 1.23), “I’ve been feeling interested in new things” (3.28 ± 1.13), and “I’ve been dealing with problems well” (3.27 ± 1.10). No statistically significant difference in overall WEMWBS scores was found between junior and senior residents. However, mental well-being was significantly associated with all four D-RECT domains (supervision, feedback, coaching assessment, and consultant attitude), with a positive correlation observed between clinical supervision and well-being. Conclusions: This study highlights the critical role of clinical supervision in supporting the mental well-being of otolaryngology residents. Enhanced supervision practices, particularly those emphasizing constructive feedback and supportive consultant attitudes, could mitigate burnout and improve resident outcomes. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions in residency programs to promote well-being and optimize the learning environment.
Ball-Milling-Modified Biochar with Additives Enhances Soil Cd Passivation, Increases Plant Growth and Restrains Cd Uptake by Chinese Cabbage
Authors: Lu Xin , Sun Jiawan , Pan Guojun , Qi Weicong , Zhang Zhenhua , Xing Jincheng , Gao Yan
Published: February 2025

Biochar is a popular amendment in Cd polluted soil. However, the performance of bulk biochar is still less than satisfactory, so effective modification is very important to improve its capacity to adsorb Cd. In the present study, biochar derived from reed straw was modified by ball milling with the addition of either potassium hydroxide (KOH) alone (QK) or combined with attapulgite (QKA). Both batch experiments and pot cultivation were conducted to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms of Cd by modified biochar and their effects on Cd passivation and plant uptake in Cd polluted soil. The results showed that QK and QKA could provide higher pH values, and more oxygen-containing functional groups and minerals compared with bulk biochar (YC), promoting the complexation, ion exchange and precipitation of biochar to cadmium (Cd). The modified biochar was more inclined to multi-layer, non-ideal surface and chemical adsorption, which was an endothermic process. Compared to non-biochar addition (CK), the application of QK or QKA significantly promoted the values of pH, EC, CEC, available potassium and organic matter in soil. The addition of QK, QKA and YC decreased the availability of Cd by 22.61%, 22.32% and 14.16%, accompanied by the increase of residual Cd by 47.96%, 47.60% and 37.27%, respectively, indicating the more effective passivation of the modified biochar (QK and QKA). Compared to CK, biochar applications could significantly improve Chinese cabbage growth, and decrease Cd content in the aerial/edible part of plants by 42.97, 18.16 and 7.29%, respectively, for QK, QKA and YC. With the application of QK, Cd concentrations in the aerial/edible part of Chinese cabbage were reduced to 0.15 mg kg−1 (lower than 0.2 mg/kg, the leafy vegetables national safety standard). Generally, the performance of QK on the remediation effects and vegetable production was better than that of QKA, indicating the potential of QK for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil and the safe production of vegetables.
Pilot Study Exploring the Perspectives of Canadian Clients Who Received Digitally Delivered Psychotherapies Utilized for Trauma-Affected Populations
Authors: Yap Sidney , Allen Rashell R. , Bright Katherine S. , Brown Matthew R. G. , Burback Lisa , Hayward Jake , Winkler Olga , Wells Kristopher , Jones Chelsea , Sevigny Phillip R. , McElheran Megan , Zukiwski Keith , Greenshaw Andrew J. , Brémault-Phillips Suzette
Published: February 2025

The digital delivery of mental health services became increasingly common following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is still much to learn regarding tailoring interventions for trauma-affected populations (military members, Veterans, public safety personnel). Through the current pilot study, we explored the perceptions of digitally delivered psychotherapies utilized for trauma-affected populations, as reported by Canadian military members, Veterans, and public safety personnel who completed such interventions. Quantitative data were collected from 11 Canadian clients (military members, Veterans, and public safety personnel with posttraumatic stress injury). Survey questions were based on the Alberta Quality Matrix of Health and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model. As a follow-up, clients were invited to partake in a semi-structured interview to further explore their perspectives on digitally delivered trauma-focused and adjunct therapies. Four clients participated in an interview. The client participants reported that digitally delivered trauma and adjunct therapies offered similar treatment effectiveness to in-person delivery while also improving treatment access. The participants indicated several unique advantages of digital delivery, including the increased accessibility of treatment, cost-effectiveness, and more efficient use of resources, although the small sample size limits the generalizability of our findings. Further research with a larger, more diverse population is required to corroborate our results and identify other avenues in which psychotherapies utilized for trauma-affected populations can be engaged with and improved upon.
Exploring the Experiences of LTCF Staff in Implementing Visitation Policies in England During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Collingridge Moore Danni , Cotterell Natalie
Published: February 2025

Background: Restrictions on family visitation to long-term care facilities (LTCFs) during the COVID-19 pandemic remain an area of contention for residents, family members and staff members. Current research has explored the experience of family members; however, fewer studies have explored the impact of visitation restrictions from the perspective of LTCF staff members. We examined the experiences of LTCF staff members in implementing visitation restrictions, including maintaining contact with families, in England over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A sample of twenty-four LTCF staff members employed at eight LTCFs in one region of England was recruited. Qualitative, in-depth interviews were conducted with staff members to explore their experiences of implementing government policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data on maintaining contact and visitation with relatives. Results: Five broad themes were identified from the data. These were: (i) engaging with family members on visitation, (ii) facilitating visitation with family members, (iii) maintaining remote contact with family members, (iv) managing visitation restrictions with residents and (v) navigating equitable access for residents and family members. While some staff welcomed the introduction of national guidance on restrictions as a source to refer family members to for justification of the LTCFs’ decisions to restrict access, others reflected on the negative effect of limited social contact on resident wellbeing and difficulties in implementing the guidance. At times, LTCFs felt conflicted in their responsibility for supporting family members in visiting at the same time as communicating, enforcing and policing visitation restrictions. Guidance on facilitating remote contact required substantial time and resources required to support it. Discussion: The extent to which restricting visitation was a proportionate response to reducing the spread of COVID-19, within the wider context of negative impacts on relatives and family members, is an ongoing debate. This study identified some of the challenges experiences by LTCF staff in implementing such guidance, and calls into question the practicality of restricting visitation. Further research is needed on how social contact can be maintained between relatives and their families during pandemics, which is both equitable and achievable.
Health-Improving Effects of Polyphenols on the Human Intestinal Microbiota: A Review
Authors: Nemzer Boris V. , Al-Taher Fadwa , Kalita Diganta , Yashin Alexander Y. , Yashin Yakov I.
Published: February 2025

Dietary polyphenols are garnering attention in the scientific community due to their potential health-beneficial properties and preventative effects against chronic diseases, viz. cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. Polyphenols are antioxidants that change microbial composition by suppressing pathogenic bacteria and stimulating beneficial bacteria. The interaction of polyphenols with dietary fibers affects their bioaccessibility in the upper and lower parts of the digestive tract. Dietary fibers, polyphenols, their conjugates, and their metabolites modulate microbiome population and diversity. Consuming polyphenol-rich dietary fibers such as pomegranate, cranberry, berries, and tea improves gut health. A complex relationship exists between polyphenol-rich diets and gut microbiota for functioning in human health. In this review, we provide an overview of the interactions of dietary polyphenols, fibers, and gut microbiota, improving the understanding of the functional properties of dietary polyphenols.
Optimizing rWTC-MBTA Vaccine Formulations, Dosing Regimens, and Cryopreservation Techniques to Enhance Anti-Metastatic Immunotherapy
Authors: Ye Juan , Wang Herui , Chakraborty Samik , Sang Xueyu , Xue Qingfeng , Sun Mitchell , Zhang Yaping , Uher Ondrej , Pacak Karel , Zhuang Zhengping
Published: February 2025

Metastatic cancer poses significant clinical challenges, necessitating effective immunotherapies with minimal systemic toxicity. Building on prior research demonstrating the rWTC-MBTA vaccine’s ability to inhibit tumor metastasis and growth, this study focuses on its clinical translation by optimizing vaccine composition, dosing regimens, and freezing techniques. The vaccine formula components included three TLR ligands (LTA, Poly I:C, and Resiquimod) and an anti-CD40 antibody, which were tested in melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. The formulations were categorized as rWTC-MBT (Mannan-BAM with LTA, Poly I:C, Resiquimod), rWTC-MBL (LTA), rWTC-MBP (Mannan-BAM with Poly I:C), and rWTC-MBR (Resiquimod). In the melanoma models, all the formulations exhibited efficacy that was comparable to that of the full vaccine, while in the “colder” TNBC models, the formulations with multiple TLR ligands or Resiquimod alone performed the best. Vaccine-induced activation of dendritic cell (DC) subsets, including conventional DCs (cDCs), myeloid DCs (mDCs), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), was accompanied by significant CD80+CD86+ population induction, suggesting robust innate immune stimulation. An initial three-dose schedule followed by booster doses (3-1-1-1 or 3-3-3-3) reduced the metastatic burden effectively. Gradual freezing (DMSO-based preservation) maintained vaccine efficacy, underscoring the importance of intact cell structure. These findings highlight the potential of simplified formulations, optimized dosing, and freezing techniques in developing practical, scalable immunotherapies for metastatic cancers.
Predicting Antibody Affinity Changes upon Mutation Based on Unbound Protein Structures
Authors: Chen Zhengshan , He Song , Chi Xiangyang , Bo Xiaochen
Published: February 2025

Antibodies are key proteins in the immune system that can reversibly and non-covalently bind specifically to their corresponding antigens, forming antigen–antibody complexes. They play a crucial role in recognizing foreign or self-antigens during the adaptive immune response. Monoclonal antibodies have emerged as a promising class of biological macromolecule therapeutics with broad market prospects. In the process of antibody drug development, a key engineering challenge is to improve the affinity of candidate antibodies, without experimentally resolved structures of the antigen–antibody complexes as input for computer-aided predictive methods. In this work, we present an approach for predicting the effect of residue mutations on antibody affinity without the structures of the antigen–antibody complexes. The method involves the graph representation of proteins and utilizes a pre-trained encoder. The encoder captures the residue-level microenvironment of the target residue on the antibody along with the antigen context pre- and post-mutation. The encoder inherently possesses the potential to identify paratope residues. In addition, we curated a benchmark dataset specifically for mutations of the antibody. Compared to baseline methods based on complex structures and sequences, our approach achieves superior or comparable average accuracy on benchmark datasets. Additionally, we validate its advantage of not requiring antigen–antibody complex structures as input for predicting the effects of mutations in antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and human cytomegalovirus. Our method shows its potential for identifying mutations that improve antibody affinity in practical antibody engineering applications.
Using Large Language Model to Fill in Web Forms to Support Automated Web Application Testing
Authors: Chen Feng-Kai , Liu Chien-Hung , You Shingchern D.
Published: February 2025

Web applications, widely used by enterprises for business services, require extensive testing to ensure functionality. Performing form testing with random input data often takes a long time to complete. Previously, we introduced a model for automated testing of web applications using reinforcement learning. The model was trained to fill form fields with fixed input values and click buttons. However, the performance of this model was limited by a fixed set of input data and the imprecise detection of successful form submission. This paper proposes a model to address these limitations. First, we use a large language model with data fakers to generate a wide variety of input data. Additionally, whether form submission is successful is partially determined by GPT-4o. Experiments show that our method increases average statement coverage by 2.3% over the previous model and 7.7% to 11.9% compared to QExplore, highlighting its effectiveness.
Establishing an IPM System for Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in North Carolina
Authors: Reisig Dominic , Huseth Anders
Published: February 2025

Prior to 2010, Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois was a minor pest in North Carolina cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., but became one of the top pests by 2017. This insect was already a persistent pest in other US cotton-producing regions. Initial work focused on addressing near-term management needs and documenting locally relevant ecology and population dynamics of the pest in North Carolina. Landscape factors were found that correlated with tarnished plant bug incidence. Adult numbers tended to be higher in fragmented fields (more field edges) and nymph numbers were higher near field edges. The minimum required sample for estimating tarnished plant bug populations was studied. Thresholds developed in the Midsouth were proven to be useful in a study between both southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina. Furthermore, an insecticide application sequence was recommended based on efficacy trials, number of expected insecticides, and preserving beneficial insects early in the season. These were evaluated in a study investigating IPM systems approaches. Finally, new management tactics for tarnished plant bug, such as ThryvOn cotton, are being evaluated. As new management strategies and tactics are developed, they will need to be evaluated for their fit in this IPM system.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Expression of Defense Pathways and Specific Protease Inhibitor Genes in Solanum lycopersicum in Response to Feeding by Tuta absoluta
Authors: Zhou Yan , Pan Yongyi , Liu Jia , Yang Wenjia , Shen Guangmao
Published: February 2025

Understanding plant-insect interactions can help control the harm of herbivorous pests. According to transcriptome data, transcripts of Solanum lycopersicum responding to feeding by Tuta absoluta were screened for important endopeptidase inhibitors. These genes were annotated as serine-type endopeptidase inhibitors from the potato inhibitor I family, potato type II proteinase inhibitor family, and soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) family. Based on the analysis of expression patterns, Solyc09g084480.2, Solyc03g020080.2, Solyc03g098760.1, and Solyc01g009020.1 were identified as key genes in the defense system of S. lycopersicum. The major endopeptidase genes such as Tabs008250, Tabs007396, and Tabs005701 in the larval stages of T. absoluta were also detected as potential targets of the plant endopeptidase inhibitors. The interaction mode between these endopeptidase and endopeptidase inhibitors was predicted based on the protein structure construction. This study aims to reveal the molecular response of S. lycopersicum to feeding by T. absoluta with high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.
An Evaluation of Spodoptera littoralis and Spodoptera exigua as Natural Prey for the Generalist Predator Chrysoperla carnea
Authors: Garzón Agustín , Gutiérrez-Cárdenas Óscar Giovanni , Dáder Beatriz , Medina Pilar , Adán Ángeles
Published: February 2025

Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) is a common generalist predator in agroecosystems, frequently used for the control of soft-bodied pests in augmentative releases. Better knowledge of its interactions with secondary natural prey is necessary to optimize field biocontrol performance. This work evaluates the eggs and early larvae of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) as natural prey for the third larval instar of C. carnea, and the predator preferences for different prey stages under varying conditions, assessing the impact on its life cycle and reproduction, in comparison with commercial diets based on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs. Prey choice results were uniform for each dual prey combination irrespective of previous predator conditions (larvae number or fasting). Chrysoperla carnea did not show preference for Ephestia or Spodoptera eggs, but preferred eggs prior to larvae of the natural prey. Diets based on the frozen eggs of natural and factitious prey species showed similar effects on the development and reproduction of predator, but when C. carnea fed on S. exigua larvae, several negative effects were assessed, such as longer preimaginal development, lower adult emergence, and a reduced fecundity. These results are helpful for improving the use of lacewings as biocontrol agents in pest control programs.
Can Wearable Device Promote Physical Activity and Reduce Pain in People with Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions?
Authors: Eboreime Kereaseen Oluwatobiloba , Hughes John G. , Lee Raymond , Luo Jin
Published: February 2025

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to identify and appraise the evidence on the effectiveness of using wearable devices to promote physical activity and reduce pain in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods: Systematic searches of electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, and Medline (Ovid) were undertaken for randomised control trials and observational studies of wearable-based interventions in patients with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Result: Thirteen studies were included in this review. The methodological quality of the included articles was found to vary between moderate and high quality. Studies included patients with osteoarthritis hip/knee (number; n = 5), low back pain (n = 3), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 1), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 1), inflammatory arthritis (n = 1), spondylarthritis (n = 1), and ankylosing spondylitis (n = 1). The intervention group of some of the studies included additional components associated with the use of wearable devices such as step or diet diary, motivational interviewing or counselling, goal setting, and multidimensional and tailored exercise programme interventions delivered in person, remotely, or in a hybrid format. Intervention duration ranged from 1 week to 28 weeks. There were no serious adverse events related to the use of wearables. Overall, evidence from this systematic review shows that wearable technology intervention was effective in increasing physical activity significantly, especially where extra components (counselling, coaching, prescribed physical activity, goal setting, physiotherapist) were used among clinical and non-clinical populations. However, no significant effect was found in pain reduction with the use of wearable devices. Conclusions: It is concluded that the use of wearable technology should be encouraged in patients with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Additional research is needed, such as increasing the duration of the intervention, which may have an impact on pain.
Deep Learning to Distinguish Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion and Diabetic Macular Edema: A Multimodal Approach Using OCT and Infrared Imaging
Authors: Barbosa Guilherme , Carvalho Eduardo , Guerra Ana , Torres-Costa Sónia , Ramião Nilza , Parente Marco L. P. , Falcão Manuel
Published: February 2025

Background: Retinal diseases are emerging as a significant health concern, making early detection and prompt treatment crucial to prevent visual impairment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the preferred imaging modality for non-invasive diagnosis. Both diabetic macular edema (DME) and macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) present an increase in retinal thickness, posing etiologic diagnostic challenges for non-specialists in retinal diseases. The lack of research on deep learning classification of macular edema secondary to RVO using OCT images motivated us to propose a convolutional neural network model for this task. Methods: The VGG-19 network was fine-tuned with a public dataset to classify OCT images. This network was then used to develop three models: unimodal—the input is only the OCT B-scan; multimodal—the inputs are the OCT B-scan and diabetes information, and multi-image—the inputs are the OCT B-scan, the infrared image, and the diabetes information. Seven hundred sixty-six patients from ULS São João were selected, comprising 208 healthy eyes, 207 with macular edema secondary to RVO, 218 with DME, and 200 with other pathologies. The performance metrics include accuracy, precision, recall, F0.5 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results: The multi-image model achieved better results, with an accuracy of 95.20%, precision of 95.43%, recall of 95.20%, F0.5-score of 95.32%, F1-score of 95.21%, and AUROC of 99.59% on the classification task between four classes. Conclusions: This study presents a novel method to distinguish macular edema secondary to RVO and DME using diabetes diagnosis, OCT, and infrared images. This research aims to provide a reliable tool for ophthalmologists, improving the accuracy and speed of diagnoses.
Vasa Previa: Prenatal Diagnosis and the Rationale Behind Using a 5 cm Distance from Internal Os
Authors: Schenone Claudio V. , Aghajani Faezeh , Javinani Ali , Krispin Eyal , Oyelese Yinka , Papanna Ramesha , Chmait Ramen H. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A.
Published: February 2025

In pregnancies with vasa previa, prenatal diagnosis and pre-labor cesarean delivery are associated with significantly improved perinatal outcomes compared to undetected cases. However, a universally accepted ultrasonographic definition of vasa previa is lacking. Specifically, the distance from the cervical internal os beyond which vaginal delivery can be safely recommended remains to be determined. Field experts and recently published societal guidelines agree that a 2 cm cut-off is suboptimal, given that complete cervical dilation during labor risks unprotected fetal vessels within a 5 cm radius from the internal os. Thus, in the setting of a scarcity of evidence and case reports of perinatal death with unprotected fetal vessels beyond 2 cm from the internal os, a more conservative definition that includes unprotected fetal vessels located within 5 cm of the internal os is imperative to improve outcomes.
Sleep Quality and Cognitive Impairments in Children and Adolescents with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and/or Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Barrera-Valencia Mauricio , Calderon-Delgado Liliana , Adan Ana
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Sleep and cognitive alterations are common symptoms associated with child Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression (DEP). This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep disturbances and cognitive alterations in PTSD and DEP. Methods: Using a quantitative, cross-sectional exploratory design, we examined 130 students (106 girls and 24 boys) aged 11 to 16 years (mean age = 12.9, SD = 1.35) from 6th to 8th grade. Twenty-eight participants met the criteria for PTSD, 15 met the criteria for DEP, 43 met the criteria for both PTSD+/DEP+, and 44 served as the control group. Comparative analyses were conducted using the MANOVA and multiple one-way ANOVA tests. Results: The MANOVA test indicated an interaction between cognitive and sleep alterations. Post hoc analysis revealed that sleep patterns were significantly altered among the groups with PTSD, DEP, and PTSD+/DEP+ (F(3, 126) = 16.98, p = 0.001). In contrast, cognitive alterations were most pronounced in PTSD and PTSD+/DEP+ (F(3, 126) = 63.97, p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings emphasize the impact of PTSD and DEP on cognition and sleep. Potential clinical implications suggest the need for interventions targeting sleep and cognitive alterations. This study underscores the complex relationship among traumatic experiences, depression, and cognitive/sleep alterations.
A Novel Combined Technique to Assist with the Removal of Orbital Cavernous Venous Malformation of the Orbit Using High-Resolution Cone Beam Computed Tomography (Hr-Cbct) Imaging-Guided Embolization—Two Case Reports and a Literature Review
Authors: Caretti Luigi , Amistà Pietro , Monterosso Cristina , Formisano Martina
Published: February 2025

Orbital cavernous venous malformations (CVMs) are the most common primary lesions in the orbit, characterized by slow growth and benign nature. CVMs that become symptomatic require intervention. Surgical management is guided by the expertise of the operating surgeon. Common surgical techniques include anterior orbitotomy (transconjunctival and transcutaneous), lateral and transcranial orbitotomy, and endoscopic transnasal approaches. Liquid agent embolization aids in easier lesion resection with reduced blood loss and potential prevention of recurrence. Our case reports detail the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, showcasing collaboration between neuroradiologists and orbital surgeons.