bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real‐World Experience With Maribavir for Treatment of Refractory or Resistant Cytomegalovirus Infection in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients and Hematologic Malignancy Patients
Authors: Daher Marilyne , Khawaja Fareed , Spallone Amy , Shigle Terri L , Bhatti Micah , Vuong Nancy N , Ariza‐Heredia Ella J , Mulanovich Victor , Champlin Richard E. , Chemaly Roy F
Published: January 2025

Background

Refractory and/or resistant (R/R) cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Maribavir, an oral antiviral agent, was approved in November 2021 for the treatment of R/R CMV in transplant recipients. However, real‐world data on the use of maribavir in HCT recipients and hematologic malignancy (HM) patients are limited. We described our early experience with the use of maribavir in the year after its Food and Drug Administration approval in HCT recipients and HM patients.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of all patients who received maribavir for treatment of CMV infection at our center from November 2021 to December 2022. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of CMV infection were collected for each case. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results

Our study included 13 patients (11 of whom were HCT recipients and two with HM) who received a median of 58 days of maribavir therapy. While on maribavir, nine (69%) patients had a resolution of CMV infection. Treatment‐emergent maribavir resistance was documented in one patient with a CMV UL97 C480F mutation. Patients with higher baseline viral loads were less likely to achieve CMV resolution compared to those with lower levels. Additionally, six patients received combination therapy with maribavir. Six patients developed dysgeusia, none requiring maribavir discontinuation.

Conclusion

Maribavir is an effective and safe option for the treatment of R/R CMV infections in HCT recipients and HM patients. Our study highlights the complexities of managing CMV infections in this patient population and some challenges associated with maribavir therapy.

image
Comparison between single‐chamber and dual‐chamber photocatalytic fuel cell on synthetic dye removal efficiency and power generation
Authors: Liu Jia Chee , Niang Antonio Choon Kiat Anak , Tay Meng Guan
Published: January 2025

Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) is the combination of photocatalysis and fuel cell that can be used to treat wastewater and produce electrical energy simultaneously. Dual‐chamber photocatalytic fuel cell (DCPFC) has been reported to have better performance than single‐chamber photocatalytic fuel cell (SCPFC) because of the ability to prevent the electron–hole recombination in DCPFC. But there was not many side‐by‐side studies found in the literature to compare the performance in between SCPFC and DCPFC. This study presents a comprehensive comparison at different parameter between typical SCPFC and DCPFC for the synthetic methyl red dye degradation and power generation under different conditions. The performance of PFC influenced by the electron transfer driven by potential difference between two electrodes. SCPFC system suffers from the fast recombination of electron–hole pairs. In the present study, a DCPFC setup was setup by separating the photoanode and cathode into two different chambers to prevent the rapid electron–hole recombination. Both types of PFC used ZnO/Zn as photoanode to treat the 10 ppm synthetic methyl red dye solution at pH 4. The DCPFC achieved a highest power generation (130.24 mW/cm2) and 100% dye degradation, significantly outperforming than SCPFC which obtained the highest power generation (59.85 mW/cm2) and 12.23% dye degradation. The ZnO/Zn photoanode can be reused twice in DCPFC but only once in SCPFC. This study highlights the advantages of DCPFC in its' performance, and hence, the design can be served as a model for the future reference. Indeed, the output of the research aligns with SDGs in clean water, clean energy, and life below water.
Use of Brain Death Recipients in Xenotransplantation: A Double‐Edged Sword
Authors: Du Xingchao , Chang Yuan , Song Jiangping
Published: January 2025

Organ transplants are used to treat many end‐stage diseases, but a shortage of donors means many patients cannot be treated. Xenogeneic organs have become an important part of filling the donor gap. Many current studies of kidney, heart, and liver xenotransplantation have used gene‐edited pig organs on brain‐dead recipients. However, the endocrine system, immune system, and nervous system of brain‐dead people are changed, which are different from that of real patients transplanted, and the current research results of brain death (BD) recipients are also different. So there are drawbacks to using brain‐dead people for xenotransplantation. In addition, although the policy requires the use of non‐human primate (NHP) experiments as the research standard for xenotransplantation, there are still differences between NHP and humans in terms of immunity. Therefore, to better study xenotransplantation, new models may be needed in addition to NHP and brain‐dead individuals. Humanized animal models or organoids may be able to fill this gap.
Mechanical Vibration Regulates Differentiation and Proliferation of Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Shiraishi Toshihiko , Eguchi Hiroaki , Kanno Hiroshi
Published: January 2025

For the regeneration of the central nervous system, neural stem cells have been proposed as graft donors. Conventional studies have used biochemical factors to induce their differentiation into neurons and to enhance axon elongation. However, few studies have been reported on the effects of mechanical factors on neural stem cells. In this study, we show that mechanical vibration directs the differentiation of neural stem cells into neuronal cells, elongates their axons, and increases the number of differentiated cells. We found that the 25 Hz and 0.5 G vibration promoted the differentiation of neural stem cells into neuronal-marker-positive cells expressing neurofilament heavy polypeptide by 2.5-fold compared to the control conditions and increased the number of differentiated cells with axons longer than 10 μm by 1.5-fold at 7 days of culture. Furthermore, we found that the total number of differentiated and undifferentiated cells in the vibration condition reached 2.9-fold more than the control condition and that this effect depended on the frequency and acceleration. We anticipate our system to facilitate further studies using mechanical vibration such as regenerative therapy using neural stem cells and the elucidation of differentiation mechanisms in neural stem cells.
Evaluation of the Structural Suitability of Lifting Trunnions in Large Pressure Vessels
Authors: Dharmalingam Mathimukilan
Published: January 2025

Pressure vessels are designed to meet operational requirements, and their primary purpose is to maintain the required pressure without sustaining damage. In addition, pressure vessels must be equipped with appropriate attachments to allow for proper lifting, transportation, and erection. When designing a pressure vessel, it is important to consider the size of the trunnion structure and the location of such lifting trunnions. Compared with normal pressure vessels, large pressure vessels are very heavy and can weigh up to several tons. Because of the substantial weight, the lifting components of pressure vessels can fail during erection and transportation if they are not properly designed. Several analyses, including Welding Research Council Bulletin 107 (WRC 107), must be performed to predict the failure of these components. Such predictive evaluations can prevent errors at the site. This study validates methods for evaluating the structural suitability of lifting trunnions used in the erection and lifting of large pressure vessels.
Constraint Effect and Crack-Tip Plastic Zone of the Pipe With Internal Inclined Surface Cracks Under External Pressure
Authors: Pei Qi , Yao Xi-Ming , Jin Li-Zhu , Zhou Chang-Yu
Published: January 2025

To improve the accuracy of reliability assessment, it is essential to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the constraint effect and the characteristics of the crack-tip plastic zone in a pipe with internal inclined surface cracks. We propose a novel analytical solution for the crack-tip plastic zone in a mixed mode I–II–III crack, based on the von Mises yield criterion, which includes stress intensity factors (SIFs) KII and KIII. We have examined the impact of several factors, including aspect ratio (a/c), crack depth (a/t), crack inclination angle (β), and friction coefficient (μ), on the in-plane constraint (T11), out-of-plane constraint (T33 and Tz), as well as the unified constraint (h) of a pipe containing internal inclined surface cracks under external pressure. The research reveals that geometrical configurations (aspect ratio and crack depth) have varying effects on the four constraint parameters, depending on their location along the crack front. The influence is relatively minor at the crack surface and the deepest point but becomes most pronounced at the middle point of the crack front. Additionally, the friction factor exclusively impacts the unified constraint parameter. Furthermore, we observed that the crack-tip plastic zone displays a mixed mode II–III crack at the free surface and a pure III mode at the deepest point.
Resistance Training and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Modi Hiya Deepak , Byrne Stephanie , Li L.S. Katrina , Boyle Terry
Published: January 2025

Background: Convincing evidence supports that moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity decreases the risk of breast cancer. However, less is known about the role specific domains of physical activity play in breast cancer prevention, such as resistance training (RT). This case–control study investigated the association between RT and breast cancer risk. Methods: The Breast Cancer Environment and Employment Study was a population-based case–control study conducted in women aged 18–80 years in Western Australia from 2009 to 2011. Information about demographic, lifestyle, and clinical risk factors of breast cancer was collected via self-administered questionnaire. Participants retrospectively recalled their recreational physical activities for 3 different age periods: 15–24, 25–39, and 40+ years. Data were available from 1149 cases and 1710 controls. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between RT and breast cancer risk, after adjusting for a range of confounders. Results: The prevalence of RT ranged from 2% to 11% across the different age periods. Compared with doing none, engaging in RT versus during the age period of 15–24 years was associated with a 52% lower risk of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio: 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.91). However, no associations were observed for the latter 2 age periods or lifetime RT. Conclusion: These findings provide preliminary evidence that RT in early adulthood may be associated with a lower risk of breast cancer; however, there was no association between RT and breast cancer risk in the older age periods. Further research is required.
Perceived Athlete Scandal Severity: Scale Development and Validation
Authors: Seo Yeo Jung , Ahn Jin Woo , Lee Joon Sung
Published: January 2025

Despite the significance of scandal severity in determining consumer responses to athlete scandals, a notable gap persists in the systematic understanding of perceived athlete scandal severity (PASS). The present study addresses this gap through three objectives: (a) identifying dimensions of PASS; (b) developing a multidimensional measurement scale; and (c) testing the validity of the PASS scale. Our systematic approach, which included an extensive literature review, open-ended surveys, and quantitative verification, led to the identification of eight dimensions that serve as formative indicators of the PASS scale: harm, illegality, media attention, intentionality, sport integrity-relatedness, transgression history, personal relevance, and cultural background. By developing and validating the PASS scale, this study opens avenues for further exploration into consumers’ multifaceted responses to athlete scandals. The PASS scale also equips marketing managers to make informed decisions based on the severity of athlete scandals, facilitating the implementation of effective crisis-management strategies.
Conceptualizing an Entrepreneurial Mindset in Sport for Development and Peace
Authors: McSweeney Mitchell , Robar Justin , Doherty Alison , Svensson Per G.
Published: January 2025

Within sport for development and peace (SDP), social entrepreneurship and innovation have been noted by scholars as important for navigating resource scarcity and adjusting to pressing social issues. However, most research remains focused on organizational-level innovation rather than at the individual level. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relevance of the concept of entrepreneurial mindset for the SDP field. Following a brief overview of social entrepreneurship and innovation in SDP, the foundations of an entrepreneurial mindset are outlined. Three aspects of an entrepreneurial mindset—cognitive, emotional, and behavioral—are discussed within the SDP context. Additionally, a set of research questions are presented to advance the existing body of knowledge. We argue that entrepreneurial mindset provides a meaningful framework for the identification of specific strategies for how SDP practitioners can create more transformative organizations through their recruitment, training, and support of staff members.
Assessing Children’s Adherence to the Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Activity at Home Intervention: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Beemer Lexie R. , Eisman Andria B. , Templin Thomas , Robinson Leah E. , Miller Alison , Tackett Wendy , Marenus Michele , Hasson Rebecca E.
Published: January 2025

Background: Promoting physical activity (PA) among children is critical for their overall health and development. Despite the availability of various interventions, adherence to structured PA programs remains a challenge, particularly in home settings. The Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Activity (InPACT) at Home program was designed to address this issue by offering a flexible and accessible means for children to engage in regular PA. However, understanding the factors that influence adherence to such interventions is essential for optimizing their effectiveness. Purpose: To examine adherence to the InPACT at Home intervention and potential barriers and facilitators. Methods: A sequential mixed methods design was used. Children ages 7–12 years engaged in a 20-day intervention where they were asked to complete three, 8-min InPACT at Home PA videos, 5 days per week. Informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Science Research 2.0 framework, individual characteristics, intervention characteristics, and inner setting characteristics were assessed via interviews. Results: On average, participants engaged in 2.2 out of three exercise videos per day. Twenty-one out of 88 participants (23.9%) completed all videos. Individual characteristics, including parent support and intervention design/compatibility were identified as facilitators. Intervention characteristics, including adaptability, and inner setting structural characteristics and compatibility with the home environment were identified as barriers. Conclusions: This study suggests that, on average, children accumulated 12–16 additional minutes of daily PA through the InPACT at Home program. However, implementation strategies may be needed to enhance adherence.
Chasing Meaningfulness in Spanish Physical Education: Old and New Features
Authors: Saiz-González Pablo , Sierra-Díaz Jacob , Iglesias Damián , Fernandez-Rio Javier
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The meaningful physical education (PE) approach aims to prioritize meaningful experiences for and with learners. However, most of the previous literature has been produced in a particular context: English-speaking countries. Thus, the goal of this study was to analyze positive experiences in Spanish PE using this approach. Method: A qualitative research approach based on open-ended questions was implemented among 454 preservice teachers. A modification of the reflexive thematic analysis approach was adopted to include the Meaningful PE features. When responses did not fit into any of the existing features and clustered around new themes, we proposed new features. Results: Positive experiences were predominantly explained by the features of the Meaningful PE approach, although some testimonies could not be categorized under the established features of this model, leading to the proposal of three new features: novelty, teacher interpersonal style, and relief. Discussion/Conclusion: These findings suggest the use of democratic and reflective pedagogies to connect with the needs of contemporary learners. By adopting this approach, it will be possible to make PE a site for inclusion and a life-wide learning space.
On the cells and associated varieties of highest weight Harish-Chandra modules
Authors: Bai Zhanqiang , Bao Yixin , Liang Zhao , Xie Xun
Published: January 2025

Let [Formula: see text] be a Hermitian-type Lie group with the complexified Lie algebra [Formula: see text]. We use [Formula: see text] to denote a highest weight Harish-Chandra [Formula: see text]-module with infinitesimal character [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be an element in the Weyl group [Formula: see text]. We use [Formula: see text] to denote a highest weight module with highest weight [Formula: see text]. In this paper we prove that there is only one Kazhdan–Lusztig right cell such that the corresponding highest weight Harish-Chandra modules [Formula: see text] have the same associated variety. Then we give a characterization for those [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is a highest weight Harish-Chandra module and the associated variety of [Formula: see text] will be characterized by the information of the Kazhdan–Lusztig right cell containing some special [Formula: see text]. We also count the number of those highest weight Harish-Chandra modules [Formula: see text] in a given Harish-Chandra cell.
Comparison of linear and nonlinear optical properties of lead borate and bismuth borate glasses
Authors: Asri Mehdi
Published: January 2025

In this study, we investigate and compare the optical (linear/nonlinear) characteristics of lead borate and bismuth borate glasses. The refractive indices were measured using a Brewster’s angle setup, and the optical band gaps were determined experimentally by analyzing the optical absorption edge in Ref. 32. Molar refraction and electronic polarizability exhibit similar behavior. The metallization varies from 0.630 to 0.568 for lead borate glasses and from 0.526 to 0.435 for bismuth borate glasses as the PbO/Bi2O3 content increases. The transmission coefficients decreased from 0.884 to 0.846 for PbB glasses and from 0.818 to 0.751 for BiB glasses. The dielectric constant changed from 2.755 to 3.276 for PbB glasses and from 3.094 to 4.884 for BiB glasses. The optical electronegativity decreased from 0.964 to 0.792 for PbB and from 0.857 to 0.760 for BiB. The linear dielectric susceptibility increased from 0.139 to 0.181 for lead borate glasses and from 0.214 to 0.309 for bismuth borate glasses. The nonlinear optical susceptibility changed from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]esu for PbB and from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]esu for BiB, showing an increase of more than fivefold. The nonlinear refraction index varied from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]esu for lead borate glasses and from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]esu for bismuth borate glasses. The results indicate that bismuth borate is superior to lead borate for optical applications.
Aspherical behavior of the Kerr medium irradiated by laser Gaussian beam
Authors: Kien Bui Xuan , Chau Dinh Van , Quy Ho Quang
Published: January 2025

The aspherical lens is an optical element used to effectively reduce optical aberration, a consequence of reducing the number of spherical surfaces in the complex optical system. In this paper, we suggest that a nonlinear lens formed in the Kerr medium irradiated by the laser Gaussian beam will be the aspherical lens. The expression describing the transverse distribution of index inside Kerr medium concerns the nonlinear coefficient of refractive index, and the laser intensity is derived approximately limited to the fourth-order term of the Maclaurins formula for Gaussian function. Based on the paraxial approximation, the expression of surface profile (sag) and the spherical aberration of the nonlinear aspherical lens are introduced and used for the numerical simulation of the model of the organic dye thin layer irradiated by laser Gaussian beam. The obtained results confirm the aspherical surface of the nonlinear aspherical lens and the spherical aberration has very low visible wavelength. The capability to reduce and neglect the spherical aberration when using the nonlinear lens as an aspherical surface in a complex optical system or a nonlinear lens for optical tweezers is discussed.
Global dynamics of the Rosenzweig–MacArthur model with variable search rate
Authors: Qian Qiguo , Jiang Weihua
Published: January 2025

Related studies indicate that the Rosenzweig–MacArthur predator–prey model with constant search rate exhibits the paradox of enrichment, while variable search rate may avoid this event. We investigate the effect of variable search rate on the dynamics of the predator–prey model, a complete and explicit classification of global dynamics is characterized using carrying capacity [Formula: see text] and half-saturation constant [Formula: see text] as parameters. First, this is a trichotomy result, the boundary equilibrium or the positive equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; otherwise, there exists a globally stable limit cycle. Furthermore, we demonstrate that for the case where the limit cycle is stable, the predator can adjust search rate to restore the positive equilibrium to stable state, thereby avoiding the occurrence of the paradox of enrichment. Specifically, we adopt a new planar analysis method that differs from classical ways, proving that local stability of the positive equilibrium implies its global stability. Finally, numerical simulation is conducted to verify the results of theoretical analysis. Our results can help understand the evolutionary mechanisms through which organisms adapt to environmental changes in some sense.
The ChatGPT Fact-Check: exploiting the limitations of generative AI to develop evidence-based reasoning skills in college science courses
Authors: Holzmann Ursula , Anand Sulekha , Payumo Alexander Y.
Published: January 2025

Generative large language models (LLMs) (e.g., ChatGPT) often produce erroneous information unsupported by scientific evidence. This article outlines how these limitations may be leveraged to develop critical thinking and teach students the importance of evaluating claims based on experimental evidence. Additionally, the activity highlights positive aspects of generative AI to efficiently explore new topics of interest, while maintaining skepticism.
Multiobjective Day‐Ahead Scheduling of Reconfigurable‐Based Microgrids Through Electric Vehicles and Demand Response Integration
Authors: Mirzaei Ali , Taghizadegan Kalantari Navid , Najafi Ravadanegh Sajad
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, as the demand for plug‐in electric vehicles in microgrids is growing, there are various challenges that the network must face, including providing adequate electricity, addressing environmental concerns, and rescheduling the microgrid. In order to overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a novel multiobjective optimization model where the first objective is to minimize the total operation cost of the microgrid and the second objective is to maximize the reliability index by reducing the amount of system energy not supplied. Because of these two compromising objectives, the evolutionary multiobjective seagull optimization algorithm is utilized to find the best local solutions. In this regard, integrated plug‐in electric vehicles and demand response programs are used to smooth distribution locational marginal pricing. Furthermore, the effect of the system’s various configurations is analyzed in the suggested method to smooth the amount of distribution locational marginal prices in comparison to the initial case. Two case studies including modified IEEE 33‐bus and 69‐bus distribution networks are applied to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Drying Characteristics, Color, and Functional and Chemical Properties of Figl (Raphanus sativus L.) Leaves and Petioles Under Convective Drying Conditions
Authors: Andersa Kumsa Negasa , Mohammed Hayat Hassen , Haji Abdulmajid
Published: January 2025

Investigating the effect of drying temperature on the quality of the leaf and petiole parts of Figl is essential to use the leaf and petiole for food formulation or as food ingredients in developing countries to overcome the problem of food security. In this study, the effect of drying temperature (27.20°C ± 2.1°Cor in the sun, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C) on drying rate, moisture diffusivity, color, and functional and chemical properties of the leaf and petiole was investigated. A two‐way analysis of variance was performed using a Statistical Analysis System to evaluate the effect of drying temperature on the drying characteristics, color, and chemical and functional properties of the leaves and petioles of Figl. The effective diffusivity values changed from 4 × 10−12 to 8.2 × 10−12 m2/s and 2.1 × 10−08 to 4.9 × 10−8 m2/s for the leaf and petiole of Figl, respectively, within the given temperature range. The bulk densities of the leaf and petiole of Figl were in the range of 0.20–0.35 g/mL and 0.27–0.41 g/mL, respectively. The results indicated that drying rate, moisture diffusivity, water activity, ascorbic acids, and delta decreased with drying temperature, whereas the functional properties of both the leaf and petiole increased with drying temperature. Comparatively, the petiole part showed better results in terms of functional and chemical properties than the leaf at all drying temperatures. From the results of the study, in terms of functional and chemical properties, drying of the petiole at 50°C for 120 min was found to be the optimum temperature for better quality.
Going Back to Pre-conflict Identities
Authors: Dikyurt Ahmet Emre
Published: January 2025

This study examines the creation of the Cypriot diaspora in the United Kingdom and how British Cypriots have embraced a pre-conflict Cypriot identity. Thousands of Turkish and Greek Cypriots were displaced as a result of ethnic conflicts in Cyprus during the 1960s as well as in 1974. This study, modelled as an interdisciplinary investigation, examines how scholars have viewed the Cypriot diaspora over time and consequently have created a history of this diasporic population’s shift in identity through memory preservation, collective community-building and ideas of home and belonging. Analysing previous research on the Cypriot diaspora and the data retrieved from semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this study argues that the Cypriot diaspora in the UK has created a new home and sense of belonging similar to that during the pre-British protectorate period of Cyprus, and that this displaced population’s view of ‘Cypriot-ness’ has affected their ideas of home and belonging.
Blood biomarker profiles in young-onset neurocognitive disorders: A cohort study
Authors: Bhalala Oneil G , Beamish Jessica , Eratne Dhamidhu , Summerell Patrick , Porter Tenielle , Laws Simon M , Kang Matthew JY , Huq Aamira J , Chiu Wei-Hsuan , Cadwallader Claire , Walterfang Mark , Farrand Sarah , Evans Andrew H , Kelso Wendy , Churilov Leonid , Watson Rosie , Yassi Nawaf , Velakoulis Dennis , Loi Samantha M
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Young-onset neurocognitive symptoms result from a heterogeneous group of neurological and psychiatric disorders which present a diagnostic challenge. To identify such factors, we analysed the Biomarkers in Younger-Onset Neurocognitive Disorders cohort, a study of individuals <65 years old presenting with neurocognitive symptoms for a diagnosis and who have undergone cognitive and biomarker analyses.

Methods:

Sixty-five participants (median age at assessment of 56 years, 45% female) were recruited during their index presentation to the Royal Melbourne Hospital Neuropsychiatry Centre, a tertiary specialist service in Melbourne, Australia, and categorized as either early-onset Alzheimer’s disease ( n = 18), non-Alzheimer’s disease neurodegeneration ( n = 23) or primary psychiatric disorders ( n = 24). Levels of neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein and phosphorylated-tau 181, apolipoprotein E genotype and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk scores were determined. Information-theoretic model selection identified discriminatory factors.

Results:

Neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein and phosphorylated-tau 181 levels were elevated in early-onset Alzheimer’s disease compared with other diagnostic categories. A multi-omic model selection identified that a combination of cognitive and blood biomarkers, but not the polygenic risk score, discriminated between early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and primary psychiatric disorders (area under the curve ⩾ 0.975, 95% confidence interval: 0.825–1.000). Phosphorylated-tau 181 alone significantly discriminated between early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and non-Alzheimer’s disease neurodegeneration causes (area under the curve = 0.950, 95% confidence interval: 0.877–1.00).

Discussion:

Discriminating between early-onset Alzheimer’s disease, non-Alzheimer’s disease neurodegeneration and primary psychiatric disorders causes of young-onset neurocognitive symptoms is possible by combining cognitive profiles with blood biomarkers. These results support utilizing blood biomarkers for the work-up of young-onset neurocognitive symptoms and highlight the need for the development of a young-onset Alzheimer’s disease-specific polygenic risk score.
The Relationships Between Multidimensional Schizotypy and Metacognitive Beliefs
Authors: Garg Anchal , Watt Bruce D. , Rihan Mary , Moustafa Ahmed A.
Published: January 2025

There has been a recent surge in schizotypy and metacognition research. Metacognition is an umbrella term for higher-order thought processes. Here, we focussed on maladaptive metacognitive beliefs, which are beliefs related to one’s thought processes and often play an important role in the preponderance of psychological disorders. Despite the extensive literature, relatively less is known about metacognitive beliefs in the context of multidimensional schizotypy, which consists of positive, negative, and disorganised dimensions and represents the milder forms of schizophrenia symptoms and vulnerability to developing schizophrenia. This is the first study that examined the links not only with positive schizotypy, but also with negative and disorganised schizotypy. We also attempted to circumvent the limitations related to schizotypy assessment in the previous studies by using a newly developed measure, the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS), which was based on the current operationalisations of the construct. We examined the links in a non-clinical sample, including first-year psychology students and members of the wider community of an Australian university ( N = 68). Self-report data was collected by administering the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30, MSS, and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale to control the self-report measures’ social desirability biases. Results revealed positive correlations of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs not only with positive schizotypy, but also with negative and disorganised schizotypy. Our findings support the importance of examining schizotypy as a multidimensional construct. Further, our findings have implications for research and practice, including treatment modalities focusing on the modification of metacognitive beliefs for the prevention of schizophrenia and related conditions.
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Race/Ethnicity, and Suicidality Among Florida High School Students
Authors: Jensen Lorres Wan Cheung , Jones Melissa S. , Gibbs Benjamin G. , Jarvis Jonathan A.
Published: January 2025

Previous studies have well-documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with negative health outcomes, including suicidal thoughts and behaviors. As historically marginalized groups have long experienced poorer socio-emotional outcomes due to systemic and institutional racism, racial stress, and related factors, surprisingly little is known about how ACEs matter across racial/ethnic adolescent groups. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing data from the 2022 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS). Utilizing logistic regression models, we investigate how ACEs influence adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Results reveal a significant link between ACEs and these outcomes, indicating that higher ACE scores correlate with increased risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts. Racial/ethnic variations in ACE effects on suicidality are observed among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latinx youth. We also find that despite generally experiencing fewer ACEs, Asian American youth were nearly 30% more likely to have suicidal thoughts than non-Hispanic White youth.
Integrating collision avoidance strategies into multi-robot task allocation for inspection
Authors: Chakraa Hamza , Leclercq Edouard , Guérin François , Lefebvre Dimitri
Published: January 2025

Recent research topics have been placed on reinforcing security and safety measures within high-risk industries to protect both equipment and the environment. Numerous industries carry substantial implications for their surroundings. During significant incidents like chemical spills, or nuclear accidents, swiftly gathering precise and dynamic data poses a considerable challenge. Subsequently, this paper focuses on optimizing a mission involving multiple mobile robots charged with inspecting an industrial zone. The aim of this research is to efficiently collect measurements from diverse positions using a fleet of sensing robots operating from a central depot, that is, developing an algorithm for robot decision-making that optimizes mission planning by minimizing an objective function. Initially, we explore our previous proposed solutions and we improve the system by integrating a navigational layer to manage collision avoidance between robots. Then, we delve into scenarios involving multiple homogeneous tasks distributed in a limited geographical environment. To demonstrate feasibility, extensive simulations, numerical experiments, and comparative analysis are conducted, showing the efficiency of the proposed approaches in terms of solution quality and computational complexity.
Psychometric Examination of the Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder Self-Report (PSCD) Among an Adult Community Sample From Brazil
Authors: Pechorro Pedro , Bonfá-Araujo Bruno , Nunes Baptista Makilim , Nunes Cristina , DeLisi Matt , Salekin Randall T.
Published: January 2025

The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) is a promising novel scale that measures psychopathic traits and includes an additional conduct disorder factor that taps the antisocial dimension of psychopathy. The current study sought to broaden the application of PSCD by examining the factor structure, convergent and discriminant validity, and connections to delinquency in a young adult sample ( N = 450; M = 31.91 years, SD = 13.02 years) obtained from the Brazilian community. Participants completed a self-report version of the PSCD along with other theoretically meaningful psychometric measures. Results supported a four-factor intercorrelated factor structure, with male participants scoring significantly higher than female participants on the PSCD total, grandiose-manipulative (GM), callous-unemotional (CU), daring-impulsive (DI), and conduct disorder (CD) factors. The four factors of the PSCD mainly presented positive, moderate to high significant inter-correlations and adequate reliability. The convergent validity with measures of the dark tetrad of personality, difficulties in emotion regulation, and self-reported delinquency also revealed positive moderate significant associations. Our findings support the use of the PSCD as a promising short, time-effective self-report measure of psychopathic traits in young adults.
Development status of supercapacitors and their widely applied organic semiconductors: Polythiophene conjugated polymers
Authors: Xiao Duanqiang , Sun Bo , Liu Yuanbiao , Jiao Enxiang , Wang Xin , Chen Xinmiao , Cheng Xiangfeng , Guo Kai , Yuan Kunshan , Zhang Haijun
Published: January 2025

The rapid development of energy storage systems has put forward higher requirements for the specific capacitance and stability of electrode materials. Conductive polymers with pseudocapacitance are very promising electrode materials due to their low cost, easy preparation, easy chemical modification, light weight, and good flexibility. However, supercapacitors based on conductive polymers still have disadvantages such as limited capacitance, low energy density, and low cycling stability. It is a promising way to blend conductive polymers with other materials to improve specific capacitance and stability. However, the preparation steps of multicomponent composites are relatively cumbersome, and preparation equipment are usually complex and costly. Therefore, it is necessary to design and synthesize conductive polymers with high specific capacitance. This review starts with the current development status of supercapacitors, focusing on the device structure, preparation methods, working principles, and important device parameters of polymer based pseudocapacitors; followed by the summary of development of supercapacitors based on thiophene based polymers.
Influence of ICT Infrastructure and Energy Consumption on Environmental Sustainability in Asian Emerging Economies: A Panel Data Approach
Authors: Paul Biswajit , Ghosh Priyajit Kumar
Published: January 2025

Considering the growing importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, consumption of energy, and environmental sustainability in the context of globalisation, it is imperative to comprehend how these factors are related to one another and to make implications about the most effective ways to protect the environment. In this regards, present study aims to examine how ICT infrastructure and energy consumption affects environmental sustainability in Asian Emerging Economies spanning 1990–2022 by employing different advanced panel econometric techniques. The findings reveal that ICT infrastructure deteriorates environmental sustainability by exacerbating CO2 discharge in long run, while in short run, it lowers CO2 discharge. But energy consumption impairs environmental sustainability by exacerbating CO2 discharge both in short run and long run. The study highlights a causal link between ICT infrastructure and energy consumption and CO2 emissions, urging policymakers to prioritise clean energy, high-quality ICT, and innovation.
Structuring Palliative Care Education for Medical Students: Impact of a Novel Framework and Pocket Card
Authors: Manning Margot , Beyer Logan N. , Tolchin Dorothy W.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Palliative care (PC) education is not uniformly provided across U.S. medical schools. While PC competencies for medical students have been articulated, no student-facing, unifying framework for competency-based PC learning exists.

Methods

In 2022, we developed a student-facing organizing framework (the “6 Ps”) based on existing PC competencies and created a pocket card introducing foundational PC concepts organized within the 6 Ps framework. In 2023, we provided a mandatory 15-minute session to introduce the 6 Ps and pocket card to the first-year class of our large, urban medical school. We provided voluntary pre- and post- session surveys to evaluate usability and impact of the framework and pocket card.

Results

One hundred-twenty students of the 204-student class (59%) attended. Survey response rate was 106/120 (88%) pre-session and 101/120 (84%) post-session. Following the session, students agreed the 6 Ps was a good framework for conceptualizing PC (95/101; 94%), that the pocket card was understandable (96/101; 95%), and they would use the pocket card to teach fellow students about PC (85/101; 84%). Nearly all students endorsed learning novel concepts (95/100; 95%). Pre/post session comparison of self-assessed confidence approaching hypothetical clinical tasks, such as educating a patient about PC and hospice, revealed significant improvement ( P < .01).

Discussion

First-year medical students were able to use the 6 Ps framework and pocket card after a brief introduction, endorsing new learning and demonstrating significant gains in knowledge and self-assessed confidence. Medical educators across schools may consider adopting this novel tool and approach to introduce or support student learning about PC.
Vote Method and Confidence in Elections
Authors: Shino Enrijeta , Smith Daniel A.
Published: January 2025

Might voters’ experience with how they cast ballots affect their confidence in votes being accurately counted? We analyze how vote modality shapes voters’ confidence in the accuracy of the vote count, particularly when one method of voting is called into question to challenge the legitimacy of an election. Drawing on a large panel survey of validated voters conducted before and after the 2020 General Election, we find that voters in Florida who voted by mail in the last two general elections were more confident that votes would be accurately counted in the state than those who voted in person in the previous two general elections, despite claims by elites that mail ballots were fraudulent. We also find that voters who cast validated mail ballots became more confident that votes were accurately counted in the election. Panel data reveals that voters who previously cast mail ballots, as well as voters who voted by mail in 2020, were no less confident than their counterparts in votes being accurately counted in the election. Building on existing research examining voting and confidence in elections, our study offers new evidence that voters’ actual experience with a voting method might mitigate perceived threats to election integrity.
The Purity Myth: Why Stigmatizing GAI in Academic Writing Is Harmful
Authors: Suchikova Yana , Tsybuliak Natalia
Published: January 2025

This article explores the evolving role of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in academic writing, addressing the challenges, opportunities, and ethical considerations surrounding its adoption. While GAI tools like ChatGPT enhance efficiency and accessibility, their use in writing remains stigmatized due to traditional notions of authorship and intellectual rigor. This article argues against this stigma, advocating for a balanced perspective that values content quality over outdated ideals of textual purity. By embracing GAI responsibly and transparently, academia can foster innovation, democratize access to publishing, and redefine the collaborative potential of human–machine partnerships in advancing knowledge.
Mortality and Length of Stay Implications of Deterioration-Associated Transfer to the Intensive Care Unit over Different Time Frames
Authors: Belk Kathy W , Beals Joseph , McInnis Samantha J
Published: January 2025

Background:

Quality improvement initiatives in the acute care setting often target reduction of mortality and length of stay (LOS). Unplanned care escalations are associated with increased mortality risk and prolonged LOS, but may be precipitated by different factors, including appropriate triage, bed availability, and post-admission deterioration.

Objectives:

This work evaluates different transfer timeframes to quantify the impact of deterioration-associated unplanned transfers to intensive care (ICU) on mortality and LOS, informing evidence-based interventions to improve patient care.

Design:

This retrospective analysis examined 519 181 adult inpatients discharged from 15 hospitals in the United States. A propensity matched cohort analysis compared mortality and overall hospital LOS for patients admitted to routine and intermediate care units who did and did not have an unplanned ICU transfer within 12, 12-48, or ⩾48 hours from admission.

Methods:

Population cohorts were matched on age, sex, admitting unit type, admission type, and admission acuity. Multivariable regression analysis was used to estimate the impact of unplanned transfer on mortality and LOS. Sensitivity sub-analyses compared direct ICU admissions to unplanned ICU transfers using the same transfer timeframes and endpoints.

Results:

Patients with unplanned transfers in each of three timeframes had statistically higher mortality rates and longer LOS than matched cohorts without unplanned transfer. Differences between cohorts was greatest in patients transferring ⩾48 hours post-admission for both mortality (25.1% vs 1.9%, P < .0001) and LOS ( x¯ = 14.7 vs 5.3, P < .0001). Multivariate analysis showed unplanned ICU transfer significantly increased odds of mortality and prolonged LOS, with later transfers having the most profound influence (19-fold increase in mortality and 2-fold increase in LOS). Sensitivity analyses found a statistically significant increase in mortality and LOS associated with unplanned ICU transfer across all three timeframes.

Conclusion:

The association of later transfers with elevated mortality and LOS underscores the importance of timely intervention on patient deterioration.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Smoking Attitudes and Behaviors Among Adolescents in the Gaza Strip: Findings From the 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey
Authors: Maraqa Beesan , Abu Mayaleh Mahmoud , Arafeh Seya , Altell Kenana , Khleif Ahmad , Najjar Abdallah , Abu-Radwan Bayyena
Published: January 2025

Background

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure remains a critical public health concern, especially for adolescents, who are more susceptible to its harmful effects and may initiate smoking as a result. SHS, comprising both mainstream and sidestream smoke, contains over 7000 chemicals, many of which are carcinogenic. Adolescents exposed to SHS are more likely to experiment with smoking due to environmental influences, peer pressure, and familial smoking behavior.

Objective

This study aims to examine the relationship between SHS exposure and smoking attitudes and behaviors among adolescents aged 13-15 in the Gaza Strip, where SHS exposure and tobacco use remain prevalent.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a cross-sectional, school-based survey targeting students in Gaza. The study employed a two-stage cluster sampling design to ensure a representative sample. SHS exposure was assessed in multiple contexts, including home, public enclosed spaces, and outdoor areas. Smoking attitudes, initiation behaviors, and demographic variables were also analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of smoking behaviors.

Results

Of the 1536 adolescents surveyed, 62.3% reported SHS exposure at home, and 53.9% reported exposure in enclosed public spaces. Adolescents exposed to SHS were significantly more likely to experiment with smoking, with curiosity (62.2%) and peer influence being key motivators. Additionally, SHS exposure in both indoor and outdoor environments was associated with a higher likelihood of shisha experimentation. Females reported higher SHS exposure rates than males across all environments ( P < .001).

Conclusion

SHS exposure significantly increases the risk of smoking initiation among adolescents in the Gaza Strip. These findings emphasize the need for targeted public health interventions, including stricter smoke-free legislation, parental education, and awareness campaigns aimed at reducing SHS exposure and preventing smoking uptake in youth.