bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological Corrosion of Concrete
Authors:   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevik Street, Saransk, 430005, Russian Federation), EROFEEV V.T. , Al-DULAIMI SALMAN DAVUD SALMAN ,   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevik Street, Saransk, 430005, Russian Federation), FEDORTSOV A.P. ,   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevik Street, Saransk, 430005, Russian Federation), BOGATOV A.D. ,   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevik Street, Saransk, 430005, Russian Federation), FEDORTSOV V.A. ,   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevik Street, Saransk, 430005, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2020

The article considers the results of studies to determine the causes, mechanisms and features of biological corrosion of cement concrete. It has been found that the intensive growth of microorganisms on the surface and in the pores of concrete leads to the formation of corrosive biogenic substances and, as a result, the reduction of alkalinity of cement stone with its subsequent decomposition. The influence of certain types of biogenic substances on the components of cement concrete (biogenic organic acids, biogenic carbon dioxide, biogenic nitric acid, biogenic hydrogen sulphide and sulfuric acid) is considered. Methods for increasing the biological resistance of concrete are described, such as: adding additives that can form buffer systems capable of reducing the impact on cement concretes of acids produced by microorganisms; treating the surface of composites with substances capable of repelling microorganisms and environments necessary for their vital activity; use of active media capable of forming dense and inert layers on the surface of the material. Despite the available methods of increasing the biological resistance of cement concrete, it is not possible to fully guarantee their safety from biocorrosion, at least because microorganisms can adapt to the environment and suspend the effect of protection. In this regard, the work attempts to assess and predict the biological resistance of the material.
Objects as Archives of a Disrupted Past
Authors: DeBlock Hugo
Published: December 2020

Objects that were estranged from ex-colonies and are now kept in overseas museums serve as archives of the past, a past largely disrupted by colonialism. For Vanuatu, some objects of cultural heritage that are kept in museums have been recently reconnected to their original places, lineages, and even individual owners. The Lengnangulong sacred stone of Magam Village in North Ambrym is one such object, even though it is only one example in a rich tradition of carved sacred stones. As alienated and contested property in Vanuatu, Lengnangulong is kept and exhibited in the Pavillon des Sessions of the Louvre Museum in Paris, which is a contested exhibition space in itself. Here, I provide an update on discussions regarding ownership and kopiraet (Indigenous copyright) that have been accelerating in Vanuatu in recent years and on claims for repatriation of this important valuable.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Selwood Sara , McEnaney Lillia
Published: December 2020

Hogarth: Place and Progress, Sir John Soane’s Museum, London, 9 October 2019 – 5 January 2020.

Place, Nations, Generations, Beings: 200 Years of Indigenous North American Art, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, 1 November 2019–28 February 2021.
Book Review Essay
Authors: Wallace Paulette
Published: December 2020

Paul Ashton and Alex Trapeznik, eds. What Is Public History Globally? Working with the Past in the Present. London: Bloomsbury, 2019.

Kylie Message. The Disobedient Museum: Writing at the Edge. Museums in Focus series. London: Routledge, 2018.

Susan L. T. Ashley. A Museum in Public: Revisioning Canada’s Royal Ontario Museum. Museums in Focus series. London: Routledge, 2020.

Adrian Franklin. Anti-Museum. Museums in Focus series. London: Routledge, 2020.

Kylie Message. Collecting Activism, Archiving Occupy Wall Street. Museums in Focus series. London: Routledge, 2019.
Constructions of Identity in Cameroonian History Textbooks in Relation to the Reunification of Cameroon
Authors: Fru Raymond Nkwenti , Wassermann Johan
Published: December 2020

This article explores the representation of identity in selected Anglophone and Francophone Cameroonian history textbooks via their coverage of the reunification of Cameroon. A far-reaching effect of the 1916 Anglo-French partition of German Cameroon and of the reunification of the territory in 1961 is that, in spite of the plurality of precolonial identities, it is the legacies of Anglo-French colonial heritage that seem to be the overwhelming identity indicators in contemporary Cameroon. This content analysis found that the Anglophone history textbook presented a clear Anglophone identity which stood in conflict with the identity promoted by the Francophone textbook, which was characterized by national and colonial Francophone assimilationism. Such representations suggest that the Cameroonian nation state as a colonial geopolitical construct is more imagined than real.
Bedensel Engelli Sedanter ve Sporcu Bireylerin Fiziksel Aktiviteye Karşı Tutumları ve Yaşam Tatmin Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: HAZAR Kürşat , KOÇ Ahmet Ferdi
Published: December 2020

Fiziksel aktivitenin yararları dikkate alındığında, daha sağlıklı bireyler ve daha sağlıklı toplum için, bireylerin en uygun düzeyde fiziksel aktiviteye teşvik edilmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda bedensel engelli bireylerin fiziksel aktiviteye karşı tutumları ve yaşam tatmin düzeylerini ortaya koymak amacıyla bu çalışma hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada bedensel engelli bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam tarzının gelişmesine yardım etme, fiziksel aktivitenin faydalı etkileri ve sedanter yaşam biçiminin zararlı etkileri hakkında bilinçlendirme amacı benimsenmiştir. Bu araştırmaya Osmaniye ili ve civarında yaşayan 41 kadın 40 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 81 bedensel engelli birey gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcıların demografik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla ‘Kişilik Bilgi Formu, fiziksel aktivitelere karşı tutumlarını belirlemek için Schempre ve arkadaşları (2015) tarafından geliştirilen Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ) ve Eskiler ve arkadaşları (2016) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanıp geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılmış olan Bilişsel Davranışçı Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği (BDFAÖ) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca yaşam tatminini belirlemek için ise Diener ve arkadaşları tarafından 2002 yılında geliştirilmiş Bekmezci ve Mert (2018) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanıp geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılmış olan ‘Yaşam Tatmin Ölçeği’ kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların demografik özellikleri, fiziksel aktiviteye karşı tutumları ve yaşam tatmini algılarına göre farklılaşma durumunu belirlemek için T-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) uygulanmış olup farklılıkların hangi gruplar arasında olduğunu belirlemek için Post Hoc testleri kullanılmıştır. Spor yapan ve yapmayan bedensel engelli bireyler arasında yaşam tatmini ve fiziksel aktivite ölçeğinin tüm faktörlerinde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç beklentisi ve öz düzenleme alt boyutlarında kadın ve erkek bireylerde spor yapanların lehine, kişisel engeller alt boyutunda ise spor yapmayanların lehine anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu, yaşam tatmin düzeylerinde ise kadın ve erkek bireylerde spor yapanların lehine anlamlı farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Development of urban bird indicators using data from monitoring schemes in two large European cities
Authors:   Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Spain, Herrando S. , Weiserbs A. ,   Aves–Natagora, Belgium, Quesada J. ,   Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Spain, Ferrer X. ,   Univ of Barcelona, Spain, Paquet J.-Y. ,   Aves–Natagora, Belgium
Published: December 2020

Bird monitoring projects have provided valuable data for developing biological indicators to evaluate the state of natural and agricultural habitats. However, fewer advances have been made in urban environments. In this study we used bird monitoring data from 2002 to 2012 in two cities with different climates (Brussels and Barcelona), to generate two multi–species urban indicators to evaluate temporal trends on abundance of urban avifauna. To do this we used two different conceptual approaches, one based on a list of widespread species in European cities (WSEC) and another based exclusively on species widespread at city level (WCS) regardless of the birds occurring in other cities. The two indicators gave a similar general pattern, although we found a 3% difference in the mean annual change in both cities, thus suggesting that the values provided by urban indicators may differ depending on the conceptual approach and, hence, by the species list used to generate them. However, both indicators may have their own value and could be treated as complementary indices.
Characteristics of wild boar (Sus scrofa) habituation to urban areas in the Collserola Natural Park (Barcelona) and comparison with other locations
Authors:   Consorci del Parc Natural de la Serra de Collserola, Barcelona, Spain, Cahill S. , Llimona F. ,   Consorci del Parc Natural de la Serra de Collserola, Barcelona, Spain, Cabañeros L. ,   Consorci del Parc Natural de la Serra de Collserola, Barcelona, Spain, Calomardo F. ,   Consorci del Parc Natural de la Serra de Collserola, Barcelona, Spain
Published: December 2020

The parallel growth of urban areas and wild boar populations in recent years has increased the presence of this species around cities and in suburban areas, often leading to conflict with local people. In the Collserola Natural Park, situated within the metropolitan area of Barcelona, wild boar have become habituated to humans and urban settings because of direct feeding by local residents. Their attraction to these areas due to an abundance of anthropogenic food sources is especially strong during the warmer summer season when foraging conditions are poorer in their natural woodland habitat; the number of captures of habituated wild boar in peri–urban areas is significantly correlated with mean monthly temperatures. Habituated boar are primarily matriarchal groups, whereas adult and sub–adult (>1 year) males are significantly less represented than in non–habituated boars. In Collserola, habituated sub–adult and adult females are significantly heavier than their non–habituated counterparts and these weight differences increase with age; in the > 3 year–old age class they may be 35% heavier. Conflicts generated by the presence of wild boar in peri–urban areas are complex, and the responses by authorities are similarly diverse and often exacerbated by ambivalent public attitudes, both towards wild boar presence and applied mitigation measures. By 2010, at least 44 cities in 15 countries had reported problems of some kind relating to the presence of wild boar or feral pigs.
Viviendo en los Andes: registros notables de la distribución altitudinal del oso andino, Tremarctos ornatus (Ursidae) en Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Cáceres-Martínez C. H. , Rivera-Torres C. Y. , López-Orjuela H. A. , Zamora-Abrego J. G. , González-Maya J. F.
Published: December 2020

Living in the Andes: noteworthy records on the altitudinal distribution of the Andean bear Tremarctos ornatus (Ursidae) in Boyacá, Colombia

Despite the importance of Andean bears, much relevant information regarding their distribution is lacking. Endemic to the Andes, the species is known to occupy the entire elevation gradient, but records to support this assumption are scarce. Here we present recent evidence of their presence in peri-glacial (> 4,000 m) and tropical forests (< 1.000 m) areas in the Eastern Andes of Colombia. Based on existing records and our own field work, we report 23 new records for marginal elevations, including the first records to be published for the Boyacá department. This information is valuable in order to increase our knowledge of Andean bear habitat use and distribution and thereby improve decision-making for the management of the species and its associated ecosystems.

Data published through GBIF (Doi: 10.15470/32uicm)

Key words: Elevation, Andean Range, Spectacled Bear, Boyacá
ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH PRODUKSI ABON DAN TEPUNG IKAN LELE DENGAN PRINSIP ZERO WASTE ATAU NIR LIMBAH
Authors: Nurhayati Immas , Suharti Titing , Suartika Ika
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the economic value added of shredded and catfish flour production based on zero waste principle in Sekarwangi village, Sukabumi. The data used in this study are primary data where data is obtained directly from responden that is collected through interviews. This research was conducted for approximately two months. The process of changing from catfish to other products in the form of shredded and catfish flour gives added value both economically and to the benefit of environmental sustainability. The results of data processing show that processing raw material for unproductive catfish into shredded and catfish flour can provide economic value added Rp 19,500 for shredded from every 3 kg of catfish and 30,000 for catfish flour  from every 5 kg of catfish bones. The application of zero waste technology in the production of shredded and catfish flour is to utilize all parts of catfish without any waste. The principle of zero waste is an environmentally friendly activity.
LAJU INVESTASI BENTUK PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA TAHUN 2008-2017
Authors: Aminda Renea Shinta , Rinda Rachmatullaily Tinakartika
Published: December 2020

Dalam pengembangan teori investasi, salah satu teori investasi yang berkaitan dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah model pertumbuhan Harrod-Domar. dimana inti dari model pertumbuhan ini adalah hubungan jangka pendek antara peningkatan investasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Investasi yang baik akan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui negara yang menginvestasikan dananya dan besar persentase penanaman modal asing di Indonesia, kemudian untuk mengetahui  penanaman modal dalam negeri di Indonesia, termasuk besaran investasi PDMN di provinsi dan besarnya perbandingan antara  persentase penanaman Modal Asing dan Penanaman Modal dalam negeri, data dalam penelitian ini adalah Data yang digunakan untuk melakukan penghitungan adalah data PMA dan PMDN dari tahun 2018 sampai dengan tahun 2017 yang didalamnya memuat data-data daerah/provinsi  dan negara asal investor yang menanamkan modalnya di Indonesia dari Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Indonesia dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif eksploratif, Diperoleh hasil penelitian pada tahun 2012 presentase pertumbuhan PMA terbesar terjadi diangka 26,06% dan terendah terjadi pada tahun 2018 sebesar -8,78%. Investasi PMA dan PMDN Tahun 2008  sampai Tahun 2017, dimana singapore sebagai negara investor PMA tertinggi sepanjang 10 tahun terakhir dan Provinsi Jabar sebagai Provinsi dengan PMDA terbesar, realisasi investasi naik secara signifikan dari tahun ketahun dimana nilai PMA lebih tinggi dibandingkan PMDN, dan total investasi yang semakin tinggi setiap tahunnya mencerminkan kinerja ekonomi berjalan baik, angka investasi yang berjalan semakin baik  memperlihatkan  perbaikan iklim dan pelayanan investasi.
Karakteristik Internal Pendengar Terhadap Kepuasan Siaran Talkshow Dinamika Bogor: Studi Kasus Pendengar Siaran Talkshow Dinamika Bogor Dengan Narasumber Narasumber UKM Bogor
Authors: Anggrayni Dewi , Suharti Titing
Published: December 2020

Penyiaran radio merupakan kekuatan utama media untuk berbagai kepentingan. Acara-acara yang ditawarkan penyiaran radio mencerminkan need and wants mengikuti trend terkini di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana siaran talkshow Dinamika Bogor yang melibatkan Usaha Kecil Mikro di Radio RRI Bogor mampu memberikan ruang interaktif kepada pelaku usaha kecil, dampak siaran tersebut terhadap kepuasan konsumen sehingga memberi impak kepada pemasaran produknya. Siaran dilakukan secara interaktif, dengan durasi 45 menit. Teknik analisis digunakan dengan deskriptif kualititatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan siaran interaktif yang melibatkan pendengar yang dalam talkshow RRI lebih dikenali produknya di masyarakat Bogor. Sedangkan UKM yang belum bisa merespon pertanyaan pendengar dalam siaran tersebut lebih lambat pertumbuhan usahanya. Siaran talkshow UKM sangat membantu pihak UKM di Bogor untuk memperkenalkan usahanya kepada masyarakat. Penyiaran radio menjadi alat penting sebagai media periklanan. Radio menjadi salah satu media siaran yang sesuai untuk mempromosikan produk tertentu dengan cakupan yang lebih luas.
Strategi Intensif Untuk Pengembangan Bisnis Batik Palembang Pada Industri Fesyen Batik di Indonesia
Authors: Riana Dwi , Royda Royda
Published: December 2020

Batik Palembang merupakan salah satu jenis batik yang termasuk baru di dalam industri fashion. Untuk bisa berkembang dan bersaing dengan jenis batik lainnya, tentunya batik Palembang harus memiliki strategi yang baik. Ken-yataannya, saat ini Batik Palembang masih banyak belum diketahui oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Kepopuleran batik Jawa masih menduduki peringkat tera-tas. Batik Palembang belum menguasai pasar lokal dan internasional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan pada Batik Palembang dan mencari strategi terbaik dalam pengembangan Batik Palembang di industri fashion batik Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari tahun 2019-2020 dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Analisis yang digunakan adalah ana-lisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Adapun alat yang digunakan untuk menganalisis permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah PEST, Five Force's Porter, Competitor analysis, dan Business Canvass. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, strategi pengem-bangan terbaik pada bisnis Batik Palembang dengan mengoptimalkan peran tekonologi di dalamnya.
Koordinasi dan Integrasi Rantai Pasokan Produk Pangan di Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Authors: Yun Yun
Published: December 2020

Meningkatkan Ketahanan Pangan Indonesia menjadi kebutuhan yang harus dicapai. Produsen Makanan mulai dari tingkat petani hingga distributor diharapkan memiliki koneksi sehingga aliran bahan makanan ke tangan konsumen dapat mengalir dari distributor ke tangan konsumen. Jadi perlu ada koordinasi dan integrasi rantai pasokan sehingga konektivitas antara rantai pasokan dapat memiliki daya saing yang baik. Kabupaten Bandung Barat sebagai salah satu daerah yang merupakan pemasok produk makanan harus mampu meningkatkan daya saing produk makanannya sehingga dapat diserap oleh pasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan hubungan antara koordinasi dan integrasi rantai pasokan. Populasi penelitian ini mengambil objek koperasi produksi dalam kelompok makanan dan petani di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan model Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Variabel indikator yang membentuk setiap variabel dapat menjelaskan variabel laten. Sehingga dapat mengetahui hubungan antara variabel Koordinasi, Integrasi. Hasil penelitian ini terdapat hubungan yang erat antara koordinasi rantai pasokan dan integrasi dalam produk makanan di Kabupaten Bandung Barat.
Motivasi Kinerja Petugas Pengamanan Di Lapas Kelas IIB Cianjur di Tengah Kebijakan Work from Home
Authors: Barr Zeland Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan motivasi kinerja petugas pengamanan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIB Cianjur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan populasi seluruh petugas pengamanan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIB Cianjur. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 44 petugas menggunakan studi populasi. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dengan media bantu google form. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan satu kali pengukuran dengan menggunakan rumus koefisien alpha Cronbach. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa motivasi kinerja pada petugas pengamanan berada pada kategori tinggi. Hasil analisis setiap indikator variabel motivasi kinerja menunjukan bahwa seluruh responden memiliki motivasi kinerja dalam kategori tinggi. Dilihat dari pada setiap indikatornya yaitu Achievement, Power dan Affiliation.
Interaksi Dinamis Volatilitas Imbal Hasil Saham dan Volume Transaksi Perdagangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Maulani Denia , Hurriyaturrohman Hurriyaturrohman
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis apakah imbal hasil saham dipengaruhi oleh volume perdagangan dan volatilitas imbal hasil dipengaruhi volume perdagangan di BEI dari Januari 2019 hingga Juni 2020. Data time series yang digunakan menggunakan struktur model ARCH dan GARCH pada 9 sampel dalam LQ45. Volume perdagangan  berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada imbal hasil seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh ASII, BRPT, KLBF dan SMGR pada alpha 5%. ICBP dan INKP menunjukkan bahwa volume perdagangan negatif dan signifikan terhadap imbal hasil pada alpha 5%. GGRM dan HMSP menunjukkan bahwa volume perdagangan berpengaruh negatif, UNVR berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap imbal hasil saham pada alpha 5%. Volume perdagangan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap volatilitas seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh ASII, BRPT, ICBP, INKP, KLBF, dan SMGR pada alpha 5%. GGRM, HMSP dan UNVR menunjukkan bahwa volume perdagangan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap volatilitas pada alpha 5%.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis apakah imbal hasil saham dipengaruhi oleh volume perdagangan dan volatilitas imbal hasildipengaruhi volume perdagangan di BEIdari Januari 2019 hingga Juni 2020. Data time series yang digunakan menggunakan struktur model ARCH dan GARCH pada 9 sampel dalam LQ45. Volume perdagangan  berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada imbal hasil seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh ASII, BRPT, KLBF dan SMGR pada alpha 5%. ICBP dan INKP menunjukkan bahwa volume perdagangan negatif dan signifikan terhadap imbal hasil pada alpha 5%. GGRM dan HMSP menunjukkan bahwa volume perdagangan berpengaruh negatif, UNVR berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap imbal hasil saham pada alpha 5%. Volume perdagangan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap volatilitas seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh ASII, BRPT, ICBP, INKP, KLBF, dan SMGR pada alpha 5%. GGRM, HMSP dan UNVR menunjukkan bahwa volume perdagangan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap volatilitas pada alpha 5%.
Pragmatic Criticism of Lingkar Tanah Lingkar Air Novel by Ahmad Tohari
Authors: Adeani Ikin Syamsudin , Febriani R.Bunga
Published: December 2020

The research backgrounds are conventional literary learning, less supportive learning facilities, the low students’ reading interest on the literary books, especially on the books of literary criticism, and the lack of grade writing ability of literary criticism. This research is aimed to recognize the benefits of pragmatic criticism on the novel Lingkar Tanah Lingkar Air (LTLA) written by Ahmad Tohari. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The results of this research are as follows: (1) LTLA novel tells about Amid, Kiram, Jun, Jalal, and Kang Suyud as Hezbollah forces whose basic struggle is lillahi taala (because of Allah), (2) LTLA novel is interpreted as a novel about the conflict of inner-soul in keeping their faith as moslem and their hate to Republican Army as many of them did not pray,  and (3) as an evaluation of LTLA, background of this story based on the life of Indonesian people since the days of the Darul Islam ruled by Kartosuwiryo. The conclusions of LTLA novel are educative, namely: (1) inviting to keep loyal to the Indonesian state and its people; (2) carrying out the commands of religion (Islam) properly and correctly; and (3) love each other’s soul and inner fellow people.
History Writing and Agency in the Scottish Highlands: Postcolonial Thought, the Work of James Macpherson (1736–1796) and Researching the Region's Past with Local Communities
Authors: MacPherson Jim
Published: December 2020

This article argues that postcolonial thought can be used as a tool for thinking about the present in the Scottish Highlands. Taking a case study of collaborative inquiry between local communities, High Life Highland (the body responsible for cultural services in the region) and the University of the Highlands and Islands into the work and legacies of the poet and historian James Macpherson (1736–1796), it examines the way in which the approach and ideas of postcolonialism can be used to better understand the past and critically engage communities in exploring their history. Building upon the work of James Hunter and his pioneering interpretation of Highland history through the work of Frantz Fanon and Edward Said, this article considers how postcolonialism can have intellectual solidarity with histories of the region, especially when we consider the role of the Highlands in processes of colonisation and imperialism. Through this comparative analysis, it demonstrates that using the past as a resource in the present enables communities to change the ways in which their history is presented and to imagine alternative futures.
The Influence of Information Disclosure of Social Networking Site on Consumers’ Food Safety Perception in Tourism Factories
Authors: CHUANG Hsiu-Hui , TSAI Hsien-Tang , CHENG Wei-Ling
Published: December 2020

Incidents relative to food safety issues have damaged consumers’ trust in these food providers as well as their purchase intention. Hence, it is important to regain this trust and regain consumers’ purchase intention. Information regarding products and food providers plays an essential role in enhancing consumers’ trust in food safety. A total number of 398 valid survey samples was analysed by using the analytical methods of PROCESS. Accordingly, the results of this article indicate that trust in food safety mediate between information disclosure of social networking site and purchase intention. Different food types such as utilitarian and hedonic foods moderate between consumers’ trust in food safety and purchase intention. The moderated mediation effect of information disclosure of social networking site on purchase intention via TFS is detailed and depends on food types.
An Empirical Study of Teacher-Student Interaction in College English Classroom from the Perspective of Educational Equality
Authors: CHEN Feifei
Published: December 2020

Educational equality is seen as the cornerstone of social justice. Likewise, ensuring the equality of teacher-student interaction in the classroom plays a crucial part in meeting the requirements of social justice. In college English classroom, teachers are expected to provide students with equal opportunities to interact with one another through communicative and collaborative activities so as to give the full play of students’ potential. However, it is worth noting that the unequal status in current teacher-student interaction may pose serious threat to the implementation of educational equality in higher education system. Therefore, taking the 85 students of Zhejiang Yuexiu University as research participants, the study, spanning from September 2019 to January 2020, is designed to investigate the factors that influence teachers’ educational equality mindset and to assess whether the significant difference between these variables and inequality in classroom interaction exists by adopting the research instruments of classroom observation, interview and questionnaire. The data collected reveal that the inequality can be discerned in teacher-student interaction in college English classroom, for the teacher’s questioning times, question types, and feedback types are closely associated with the differences of genders, personalities, regions and English levels of students. In addition, the root causes for the inequality are also examined discreetly from multi-perspectives through interviews on both teachers and students for better proposing some effective strategies to minimize educational inequality and facilitate students’ development in positive directions in college English education.
ACADEMIA, GOBIERNO Y EMPRESAS UNA PERSPECTIVA DESDE LA VINCULACION CON LA COLECTIVIDAD
Authors:   Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Bonilla Jurado Diego , Noboa Larrea Gonzalo ,   Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Ruiz Abril Karina ,   Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Cabrera Vélez Juan
Published: December 2020

Las Instituciones de Educación Superior cumplen la función de potenciarla vinculación con la colectividad, por ello, es un proceso que va en función del estado, en la presente investigación tiene el objetivo de describir la sinergia que debe existir entre estado, la universidad y la colectividad, establecido mediante el modelo triple hélice. El estudio se centró en analizar a las Instituciones de Educación Superior del Ecuador y el cumplimiento la normativa legal y estructural, además describir la situación de las universidades de categorías A y B de Ecuador y las actividades de tres de Europa. La metodología que se aplicó es de tipo documental, en especial se trabajó con documentos de legislación, decretos, estatutos prescripción social o de derecho. La investigación concluye con el cumplimiento de normativas direccionadas a la vinculación con la sociedad, considerando los entes activos en el proceso como es la alianza estratégica entre el Estado, Universidad y Colectividad.
The Rhizosphere Talk Show: The Rhizobia on Stage
Authors: Checcucci Alice , Marchetti Marta
Published: December 2020

From bacterial quorum sensing to the signals of bees, communication is the basis of biotic interactions. Frequently, more than two organisms can take part in the speeches, resulting in a complex network of cross-talks. Recent advances in plant-microbe interactions research have shown that communication, both inter-kingdom and intra-kingdom, is shaped by a broad spectrum of factors. In this context, the rhizosphere (i.e., the soil close to the root surface) provides a specific microhabitat where complex interactions occur. The complex environment that makes up the rhizosphere can select for certain microbial populations, which are adapted to this unique niche. Among them, rhizobia have emerged as an important component of the rhizospheric microbiome. The aim of this review is to explore the components of such a rhizospheric Talk Show in the frame of the rhizobium-legume interactions. This symbiosis is a complex process that involves several signals that can be shaped by plant rhizospheric exudates and microbiome composition. The relationship established by rhizobia with other rhizospheric organisms, together with the influence of the environmental factors, results in their beneficial role on host plant health. Here, we resume research accounting strategies, molecules, and organisms that influence the place of rhizobia in the rhizosphere. The focus is on the most recent approaches for the study and subsequent exploitation of the diversity of the organisms. Indeed, the study of plant-microbes communication and evolution is fundamental to develop highly efficient inoculants able to reduce the use of fertilizers in agriculture.
Robust, Comprehensive Molecular, and Phenotypical Characterisation of Atypical Candida albicans Clinical Isolates From Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez-Leguizamón Giovanni , Ceballos-Garzón Andrés , Suárez Carlos F. , Patarroyo Manuel A. , Parra-Giraldo Claudia M.
Published: December 2020

Candida albicans is commensal in human microbiota and is known to be the commonest opportunistic pathogen, having variable clinical outcomes that can lead to up to 60% mortality. Such wide clinical behaviour can be attributed to its phenotypical plasticity and high genetic diversity. This study characterised 10 Colombian clinical isolates which had already been identified as C. albicans by molecular tests; however, previous bioinformatics analysis of protein mass spectra and phenotypical characteristics has shown that this group of isolates has atypical behaviour, sharing characteristics of both C. africana and C. albicans. This study was aimed at evaluating atypical isolates’ pathogenic capability in the Galleria mellonella model; susceptibility profiles were determined and MLST was used for molecular characterisation. Cluster analysis, enabling unbiased bootstrap to classify the isolates and establish their cluster membership and e-BURST, was used for establishing clonal complexes (CC). Both approaches involved using representative MLST data from the 18 traditional C. albicans clades, as well as C. albicans-associated and minor species. Ten atypical isolates were distributed as follows: 6/10 (B71, B41, B60, R6, R41, and R282) were grouped into a statistically well-supported atypical cluster (AC) and constituted a differentiated CC 6; 2/10 of the isolates were clearly grouped in clade 1 and were concurrent in CC 4 (B80, B44). Another 2/10 atypical isolates were grouped in clade 10 and concurred in CC 7 (R425, R111); most atypical isolates were related to geographically distant isolates and some represented new ST. Isolates B41 and R41 in the AC had greater virulence. Isolate B44 was fluconazole-resistant and was grouped in clade 1. The atypical nature of the isolates studied here was demonstrated by the contrast between phenotypical traits (C. africana-like), molecular markers (C. albicans-like), virulence, and antifungal resistance, highlighting the widely described genetic plasticity for this genus. Our results showed that the atypical isolates forming well-differentiated groups belonged to C. albicans. Our findings could contribute towards developing molecular epidemiology approaches for managing hospital-acquired infection.
CD73+ Dendritic Cells in Cascading Th17 Responses of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis-Induced Mice
Authors: Ko MinHee K. , Shao Hui , Kaplan Henry J. , Sun Deming
Published: December 2020

Previous studies have shown that CD73 is pivotal in the conversion of pro-inflammatory adenosine triphosphate into anti-inflammatory adenosine and that immune cells of the same type that express different levels of CD73 are functionally distinct. In this study we show that adenosine enhances the Th17 promoting effect of dendritic cells (DCs), and DCs expressing CD73 critically augment Th17 responses. Bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) do not constantly express CD73; however, a significant portion of the BMDCs expressed CD73 after exposure to Toll-like receptor ligand, leading to stronger Th17 responses by converting adenosine monophosphate to adenosine. We show that the CD73+ BMDCs play a critical role in cascading Th17 responses, and CD73+ BMDCs are functionally augmented after treatment with Toll-like receptor ligand. Splenic antigen presenting cells (DCs) of CD73−/− mouse have a poor Th17-stimulating effect, even after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or γδ T cells, indicating that induction of CD73+ DCs is critically involved in augmented Th17 responses. We conclude that CD73+ DCs critically trigger cascading Th17 responses, and the activated Th17 cells that express CD73 further augment Th17 responses, leading to cascading exacerbation. Hence, disabling the CD73 function of DCs should block this cascading response and mitigate Th17 responses.
Insights Into Immunothrombosis: The Interplay Among Neutrophil Extracellular Trap, von Willebrand Factor, and ADAMTS13
Authors: Yang Junxian , Wu Zhiwei , Long Quan , Huang Jiaqi , Hong Tiantian , Liu Wang , Lin Jiangguo
Published: December 2020

Both neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) are essential for thrombosis and inflammation. During these processes, a complex series of events, including endothelial activation, NET formation, VWF secretion, and blood cell adhesion, aggregation and activation, occurs in an ordered manner in the vasculature. The adhesive activity of VWF multimers is regulated by a specific metalloprotease ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs, member 13). Increasing evidence indicates that the interaction between NETs and VWF contributes to arterial and venous thrombosis as well as inflammation. Furthermore, contents released from activated neutrophils or NETs induce the reduction of ADAMTS13 activity, which may occur in both thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Recently, NET is considered as a driver of endothelial damage and immunothrombosis in COVID-19. In addition, the levels of VWF and ADAMTS13 can predict the mortality of COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics and interactions of NETs, VWF, and ADAMTS13, and discuss their roles in TMAs, AIS, and COVID-19. Targeting the NET-VWF axis may be a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammation-associated TMAs, AIS, and COVID-19.
Heme Competition Triggers an Increase in the Pathogenic Potential of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Candida albicans Mixed Biofilm
Authors: Guo Yanyang , Wang Yu , Wang Yijin , Jin Yabing , Wang Chen
Published: December 2020

As one of the main pathogens of periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis often forms mixed biofilms with other bacteria or fungi under the gingiva, such as Candida albicans. Heme is an important iron source for P. gingivalis and C. albicans that supports their growth in the host. From the perspective of heme competition, this study aims to clarify that the competition for heme enhances the pathogenic potential of P. gingivalis during the interaction between P. gingivalis and C. albicans. Porphyromonas gingivalis single-species biofilm and P. gingivalis-C. albicans dual-species biofilm were established in a low- and high-heme environment. The results showed that the vitality of P. gingivalis was increased in the dual-species biofilm under the condition of low heme, and the same trend was observed under a laser confocal microscope. Furthermore, the morphological changes in P. gingivalis were observed by electron microscope, and the resistance of P. gingivalis in dual-species biofilm was stronger against the killing effect of healthy human serum and antibiotics. The ability of P. gingivalis to agglutinate erythrocyte was also enhanced in dual-species biofilm. These changes disappeared when heme was sufficient, which confirmed that heme competition was the cause of thepathogenicy change in P. gingivalis. Gene level analysis showed that P. gingivalis was in a superior position in the competition relationship by increasing the expression of heme utilization-related genes, such as HmuY, HmuR, HusA, and Tlr. In addition, the expression of genes encoding gingipains (Kgp, RgpA/B) was also significantly increased. They not only participate in the process of utilizing heme, but also are important components of the virulence factors of P. gingivalis. In conclusion, our results indicated that the pathogenic potential of P. gingivalis was enhanced by C. albicans through heme competition, which ultimately promoted the occurrence and development of periodontitis and, therefore, C. albicans subgingival colonization should be considered as a factor in assessing the risk of periodontitis.
Stem Cell Therapy for Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lengel Dana , Sevilla Cruz , Romm Zoe L. , Huh Jimmy W. , Raghupathi Ramesh
Published: December 2020

There has been a growing interest in the potential of stem cell transplantation as therapy for pediatric brain injuries. Studies in pre-clinical models of pediatric brain injury such as Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) have contributed to our understanding of the roles of endogenous stem cells in repair processes and functional recovery following brain injury, and the effects of exogenous stem cell transplantation on recovery from brain injury. Although only a handful of studies have evaluated these effects in models of pediatric TBI, many studies have evaluated stem cell transplantation therapy in models of neonatal HI which has a considerable overlap of injury pathology with pediatric TBI. In this review, we have summarized data on the effects of stem cell treatments on histopathological and functional outcomes in models of pediatric brain injury. Importantly, we have outlined evidence supporting the potential for stem cell transplantation to mitigate pathology of pediatric TBI including neuroinflammation and white matter injury, and challenges that will need to be addressed to incorporate these therapies to improve functional outcomes following pediatric TBI.
Narrative Potential of Picture-Book Apps: A Media- and Interaction-Oriented Study
Authors: Müller-Brauers Claudia , Miosga Christiane , Fischer Silke , Maus Alina , Potthast Ines
Published: December 2020

Digital literature is playing an increasingly important role in children's everyday lives and opening up new paths for family literacy and early childhood education. However, despite positive effects of electronic books and picture-book apps on vocabulary learning, early writing, or phonological awareness, research findings on early narrative skills are ambiguous. Particularly, there still is a research gap regarding how app materiality affects children's story understanding. Thus, based on the ViSAR model for picture-book app analysis and data stemming from 12 digital reading dyads containing German monolingual 2- to 3-year-olds and their caregivers this study assessed the narrative potential of a commercial picture-book app and how this is used in interaction. Results of the media analysis showed that the app provides a high number of narrative animations. These animations could be used interactively to engage the child in the story. However, results of the interaction analysis showed that adult readers do not exploit this potential due to their strong concentration on operative prompts and instructions. Furthermore, an explorative analysis of the relation between adults' utterances and children's story comprehension provided preliminary indicators regarding how the length of reading duration and the number of utterances might relate to children's understanding of the story. Findings and methodological limitations of the study are discussed and combined didactically with practical recommendations on how to use narrative animations in interaction effectively.
Gambling Despite Nationwide Self-Exclusion–A Survey in Online Gamblers in Sweden
Authors: Håkansson Anders , Widinghoff Carolina
Published: December 2020

Background: Voluntary self-exclusion is a well-known harm reduction intervention in problem gambling, although primarily in operator-specific or venue-based systems. A nationwide overall self-exclusion system (“Spelpaus”) for all licensed gambling was introduced in Sweden in 2019. However, gambling in overseas companies despite national exclusion may be a concern in online gamblers. The present web survey study aimed to study self-reported self-exclusion and gambling despite exclusion in a nationwide multi-operator land-based/online exclusion system.

Methods: Web survey in web panel members of a market survey company, carried out in May, 2020 (co-occurring with the COVID-19 pandemic). Past-year online gamblers (n = 997) answered questions about gambling patterns, gambling problems, psychological distress, self-exclusion since “Spelpaus” introduction, and gambling despite self-exclusion.

Results: Seven percent reported ever self-excluded at Spelpaus, and this was associated with younger age, female gender, gambling problems, and chance-based games and online poker. In logistic regression, Spelpaus remained strongly associated with past-year online casino gambling, gambling problems, and absence of past-year sports betting. Among those having self-excluded, 38 percent reported gambling despite self-exclusion, most commonly online casino.

Conclusions: In online gamblers in a setting with a nationwide self-exclusion system, using this was associated with past-year online casino gambling and gambling problems. Gambling despite self-exclusion appears to be common, and more commonly involves online casino. Stakeholders should aim to increase rates of self-exclusion in high-risk online gamblers, both during and beyond the COVID-19 situation in which the study was carried out. Also, policy makers should use gambling regulation in order to decrease the risk of breaching self-exclusion online, such as through the prohibition of non-registered gambling operators. Further research should focus on in-depth analysis of the reasons for gamblers to enroll or not enroll in multi-operator self-exclusion.
Review of Selected Performance Measurement Models Used in Public Administration
Authors: Gębczyńska Alicja , Brajer-Marczak Renata
Published: December 2020

The main goal of this article is to define the characteristics of and to evaluate the three selected models used to measure the performance of public administration bodies, with an emphasis placed on their application in different perspectives. The contemporary public administration institutions are obligated to increase their operating efficiency as well as the satisfaction of their stakeholders. This is precisely why they have been implementing diverse models, especially those already used for years in managing profit-oriented organisations. The models chosen for analysis are applied in public administration, making it possible to measure numerous indicators of both financial and nonfinancial nature. The research method adopted by the authors is a conceptual literature review performed using the resources of the Scopus, Springer, WoS, Emerald, and EBSCO databases. The items subject to analysis were the 3Es (i.e., economy, efficiency, effectiveness) and IOO (e.g., input, output, and outcome) models as well as the model included in the BSC (Balance Scorecard). The research has evidenced that each of the models has its strengths and limitations. The results thus obtained have led to a conclusion that the solution showing the highest potential in the area of the study is the performance measurement model proposed under the BSC; however, according to the authors, it still requires some fine-tuning to public administration’s operating conditions and organisational culture. The article also highlights the fundamental operationalisation problems related to the subject in question.
Incidence of Bacteremia Consequent to Different Endoscopic Procedures in Dogs: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Gaspardo Alba , Sabetti Maria Chiara , Zanoni Renato Giulio , Morandi Benedetto , Galiazzo Giorgia , Mion Domenico , Pietra Marco
Published: December 2020

Endoscopic procedures are widely used in veterinary medicine, and their role in producing transient bacteremia is debatable. The growing issue of antibiotic resistance requires the correct use of antibiotics, avoiding their administration when not strictly necessary. Studies highlighting post-endoscopy bacteremia in veterinary medicine are extremely rare and often involve very few animals. This study describes the results from 74 owned dogs, brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Department of Veterinary Medical Science of the University of Bologna, for the purpose of undergoing an endoscopic procedure. Two blood samples were taken from each dog, one before and one after the procedure, in order to assess the incidence of bacteremia linked to endoscopic procedures. Eight dogs were tested positive at the second blood culture with an Incidence Risk (IR) of 10.8%. No statistical differences were found by comparing positive and negative blood cultures with respect to sex, age, weight and anesthesia duration. In addition, no difference was found between airway and digestive tract procedures. The present findings showed that the probability of developing bacteremia after an endoscopic procedure was quite low, and additional studies confirming this are certainly recommended as well as the evaluation of categories of patients potentially considered at risk.