bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pinocembrin flavanone inhibits cell viability in PC-3 human prostate cancer by inducing cellular apoptosis, ROS production and cell cycle arrest
Authors: Shao Linhai , Shao Yajun , Yuan Yu
Published: April 2021

The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antitumor effects of pinocembrin in human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) along with investigating its effects on cell apoptosis, endogenous ROS production and cell cycle. MTT assay and clonogenic assays were used to study the effects on cell viability and cancer colony formation, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy along with Western blotting was used to study apoptotic effects induced by pinocembrin. Flow cytometry was used to study effects on ROS production and cell cycle phase distribution. Results indicated that pinocembrin promoted inhibition cell proliferation along with reducing cancer colony formation of PC-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Pinocembrin induced regulatory effects over expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax and Bcl-2, thereby promoting apoptotic cell death in PC-3 cells. It also led to the dose-dependent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, pinocembrin exhibits strong anticancer effects in human prostate cancer cells mediated via apoptosis, endogenous ROS production and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.
Effect of Trapezoidal Shapes on the Thermal Buckling Behaviour of Perforated Composite Plates
Authors: Maharudra R. , Rajanna T. , Arya B.
Published: April 2021

Thermal buckling study on the symmetric laminated composite trapezoidal plate with a circular cutout subjected to a uniform increase in temperature for various boundary conditions is explored in this paper. In a mathematical model, the first-order shear deformation principle is employed in accordance with the variational energy system. For acquiring the thermal buckling temperature, a nine-node heterosis plate relation has been used in the finite element formulation. By correlating the present findings with accessible literature, the effectiveness of the present formulation is verified. The impact of different parameters, such as trapezoidal shape, cutout size, ply-orientation, plate edge conditions and plate width to thickness ratio have been considered to study the effect of each parameters on the buckling characteristics of plate under various temperatures. It is observed from the study that each parametric investigation significantly affect the thermal buckling behaviour of trapezoidal plates.
Dipters from the sub-basin of Boumerzoug (Constantine - Algeria)
Authors: Naima Bekhouche , Faiza Marniche , Abdallah Ouldjaoui , Hichem Khammar , Noureddine Gherraf , Ferroudja Mohand Ouali , Lydia Mihoubi
Published: April 2021

In order to evaluate the Diptera biodiversity in the Boumerzoug sub-basin, samples were performed at five permanent oueds: El Berda Oued, Boumerzoug Oued, El Guareh Oued, Hmimime Oued, and Sigus Oued. Sampling was carried out monthly during the period from December 2014 to November 2015. The samples were taken using a Surber mesh for the lotic face with size 25 cm * 20 cm * 65 cm, 500 µm net. In total, 53484 individuals comprising 24 families were collected. The Chironomidae family is the most dominant with a population of 43553 individuals (Fc % = 81.43%), followed by the Simuliidae (5137 individuals, Fc % = 9.61%), Psychodidae (1907 individuals, Fc % = 3.57%), Ephydridae (1509 individuals (Fc % = 2.81%) and Sciaridae (313 individuals, Fc % = 0.59%). However the remained families (Culicidae, Asilliidae, Mycetophilidae, Tipulidae, Syrphidae, Tabanidae, Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Ceratopogonidae, Fanniidae, Cecidomyiidae, Anthomyiidae, Sphaeroceidae, Sciomyzidae, Stratiomyidae, and Phoridae) weree poorly represented (between 1 individual (Fc % <0.00%) to 281 individuals (Fc % = 0.53%) were collected with predominance. Finally, compared to the other families, the predominance of the Chironomidae family can be explained by the fact that this family plays an important ecological role in wetlands rich in organic matter, even clearly polluted.
Contribution of ecological restoration in preservation of forests ecosystems in Algeria
Authors: Bouzid Aman , Benabdeli Khéloufi , Belgharbi Benamar , Bouzid Khadidja
Published: April 2021

Under the combined effect of anthropogenic pressures and climate change, forest ecosystems can no longer play their ecological and economic role if nothing is done to adapt them. The impacts of fires, overgrazing and overexploitation are that over 60% of forest ecosystems are in an advanced stage of degradation. It is in this context that a new strategy focused on ecological restoration must be quickly put in place. It must be based on ecological alternatives designed to adapt the composition and structure of these plant formations to environmental conditions. The concept of stable species, living space, keystone species, natural attributes and habitat identification. The ecological restoration proposed will allow preserving the vegetal cover at first time and then developing the species with resilience through a list of species that could develop under different pressures, both natural and anthropogenic.
Synthesis, characterization, synergistic antimicrobial properties and molecular docking of sugar modified uridine derivatives
Authors: Maowa Jannatul , Alam Asraful , Rana Kazi M. , Dey Sujan , Hosen Anowar , Fujii Yuki , Hasan Imtiaj , Ozeki Yasuhiro , Kawsar Sarkar M.A.
Published: April 2021

Nucleosides and their analogues are an important, well-established class of clinically useful medicinal agents that exhibit antiviral and anticancer activity. Thus, our research group has focused on the synthesis of new nucleoside derivatives that could be tested for their broad-spectrum biological activity. In this study, two new series of nucleoside derivatives were synthesized from uridine (1) through facile two-step reactions using the direct acylation method, affording 5’-O-acyl uridine derivatives in good yields. The isolated uridine analogs were further transformed into two series of 2’,3’-di-O-acyl derivatives bearing a wide variety of functionalities in a single molecular framework to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. The new synthesized compounds were characterized through physicochemical, elemental and spectroscopic analysis, and all were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against selected human and plant pathogenic strains. The test compounds revealed moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activities and were more effective against fungal phytopathogens than against bacterial strains, while many of them exhibited better antimicrobial activity than standard antibiotics. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests against all microorganisms were also conducted for five compounds based on their activity (6, 11, 13, 16, and 17). In addition, all the derivatives were optimized using density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-31g+(d,p) calculations to elucidate their thermal and molecular orbital properties. A molecular docking study was performed using the human protein 5WS1 to predict their binding affinity and modes, and ADMET and SwissADME calculations confirmed the improved pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds. Besides, structure–activity relationship (SAR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were also performed. Thus, the improvement of the bioactivity of these compounds is expected to significantly contribute to the design of more antimicrobial agents for therapeutic use in the future.
Effects of Steel Fibres on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Cement Concrete
Authors: Ali Saqib , Kumar Haresh , Rizvi Samar Hussain , Raza Muhammad Saleem , Ansari Jawaid Kamal
Published: April 2021

Concrete possesses distinct features that make it widely acceptable for use across the globe; however, along with its obvious benefits, it has numerous drawbacks i.e., it is brittle in nature and its production causes an adverse impact on the environment. To counter such problems, researchers around the world have introduced sustainable measures. Fibre addition is foremost among these solutions in that it prevents crack propagation and increases the overall strength of concrete. In the present age, civil engineering structures have their own structural and durability requirements and so, modification in traditional concrete has become a necessity. This research is targeted at steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC), which is a superior quality concrete because of its enhanced strength. The steel fibres are obtained from binding wire that is used to tie the steel reinforcement. By referring to past research, steel fibres with an aspect ratio (length to diameter ratio) of 30 were considered favourable. The controlled, mixed design of the concrete was prepared with a targeted strength of 4000 psi and, while mixing the concrete ingredients, fibres were added to allow uniform dispersion. The fresh and hardened properties of workability, compressive, and tensile strength were tested and the results of fibres at 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% concrete mass were compared and analysed. The results indicated that highest compressive and tensile strength values were achieved with 3% fibre addition. However, with further addition, it was observed that concrete loses its workability. Therefore, it is suggested that 1% addition of steel fibres produces good strength with sufficient workability.
Boundaries and Social Representations in Conflict. The Case of Occitanie in 2019, Between Linguistic Space and Administrative Region
Authors: Agresti Giovanni
Published: April 2021

This paper focuses on the impact of the creation of the new administrative French region «Occitanie – Pyrénées, Méditerranée» under the social representations of the Occitan linguistic space point of view. This new region was created in 2016 by the union of two former regions, Midi-Pyrénées and Languedoc-Roussillon, and does not correspond precisely to the linguistic and historical Occitanie. Therefore, the name of the new region could delegitimize both the name and the linguistic practices – indeed, already remarkably jeopardized.
Jus Commune and Common Languauge: Insights on the Judicial Construction of Linguistic Law in Quebec Through the Prism of Jus Commune
Authors: Côté François
Published: April 2021

The jus commune (droit commun) is the intellectual canvas upon which any rule of law is built upon within a given society, that must be integrated in any interpretation or construction process in any field of law, even constitutional law. As the jus commune bears a series of structural values, one ponders as to the correct construction of linguistic law to be held in that regard within a minority society entrenched inside a greater federal superstructure, where linguistic preservation is a collective existential matter. The author submits that the Supreme Court of Canada may have neglected to consider this important factor in Quebec when striking down large sections of the Charter of the French Language pertaining to the official language of law and judicial decisions in the 1979 Blaikie case, in which it imposed official constitutional bilingualism in matters of legislation and judicial decisions to the enclaved French-speaking province. Perhaps the appropriateness of this decision should be revisited.
Testing Out Translation Universals in Legal Translation: Quantitative Insights From A Parallel Corpus of Spanish Constitutional Court’s Judgments Translated Into English
Authors: Pontrandolfo Gianluca
Published: April 2021

Research into ‘translation universals’ in legal translation is a relatively new field, which still needs to be expanded with further empirical studies. The few studies conducted so far fall into two main categories: a) analyses that explore the typical features of European legalese as translated language against national legal language; b) studies based on corpora of national legal language translated into other national languages.

The present paper is framed within the second category and aims at contributing to the academic debate on translation universals applied to legal language; more specifically, it aims at testing the methodology adopted to study translation universals on a bilingual parallel corpus of judgments delivered by the Spanish Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitucional, TC) translated for informative purposes into English.

The corpus-based analysis, carried out mainly quantitatively, includes the comparison with a larger corpus of original judgments delivered by the UK Supreme Court (UKSC) with the final objective of testing some indicators of simplification, explicitation, normalisation, levelling out, interference, untypical collocation.

Preliminary results are promising, even though it is not possible to identify robust and homogeneous trends.
The Comparative Element in Comparative Legal Linguistics
Authors: Galdia Marcus
Published: April 2021

Fundamental legal-linguistic research includes next to monolingual approaches to the legal language also comparative approaches. Meanwhile, the epistemic value of comparative approaches is unclear in legal linguistics. Therefore, in this article different legal-linguistic comparative approaches will be scrutinized, and their perspectives made operational in legal linguistics. Especially, the traditional analysis of legal terminology gains momentum here in the context of discursive comparative approaches. The multilingual origins and the intertextual mode of existence and development of the legal language are identified as its characteristic features. They also shape processes in which the language of the global law emerges in the contemporary social reality.
Scatopsidae (Diptera) reared from graminoid plants in the Czech Republic, with description of a new species of Swammerdamella
Authors: Haenni Jean-Paul , Roháček Jindřich
Published: April 2021

Ten species of Scatopsidae (Diptera) have been reared from tussocks of 7 species of Cyperaceae, 2 species of Juncaceae, 4 species of Poaceae and from dead specimens of 1 species of Typhaceae gathered in meadow, boggy meadow, alder forest and shores of a pond and a montane brook from 3 localities in the Czech Silesia (Czech Republic). One of them, Swammerdamella jindrichi Haenni sp. n. is described as new. Information is given for the first time on the sites of development of immature stages for several species, notably of genera Ferneiella and Thripomorpha.
First rearing record and DNA sequence of Chromatomyia aizoon (Hering, 1932) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) associated with Saxifraga paniculata Miller from the Czech Republic
Authors: Černý Miloš , Kocián Jiří , Ševčík Jan
Published: April 2021

A male of Chromatomyia aizoon (Hering, 1932) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) was reared from a leaf mine at Saxifraga paniculata collected in Štramberk (Northern Moravia, Czech Republic). Partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI barcode region, 658 bp) is also provided.
Electrodermal Response Ratios: Scoring Against the Stronger of Two Comparison Questions in Search of an Optimal Minimum Threshold
Authors: Krapohl Donald J.
Published: April 2021

Previously, Krapohl (2020) evaluated the Bigger-Is-Better Rule (BIBR) on the polygraph electrodermal channel to assess whether there was a best minimum ratio between response sizes for assigning a score. Performance peaked at a minimum ratio between 10% and 20%. The ratios had been calculated by comparing the electrodermal responses for each relevant question against those of the immediately preceding comparison question. The analysis did not consider whether the same optimal ratio would be found if the relevant question electrodermal responses are compared to those of the stronger of two adjacent comparison questions. To investigate we analyzed responses from an independent sample of 255 laboratory cases. The data from those cases found the highest correlation between scores and ground truth occurred when the minimum difference between two electrodermal responses was 30%.
Zakour Forest fire risk map assessment in the commune of Mamounia (Mascara, Algeria)
Authors: Anteur Djamel , Benaradj Abdelkrim , Fekir Youcef , Baghdadi Djillali
Published: April 2021

The great forest of Zakour is located north of the commune of Mamounia (department of Mascara). It is considered the lung of the city of Mascara, covers an area of 126.8 ha. It is a forest that is subject to several natural and human constraints. Among them, the fires are a major danger because of their impacts on forest ecosystems.

The purpose of this work is to develop a fire risk map of the Zakour Forest through the contribution of geomatics according to natural and anthropogenic conditions (human activities, agglomeration, agricultural land) while integrating information from ground on the physiognomy of the vegetation.

For this, the creation of a clearer fire risk map to delimit the zones potentially sensitive to forest fires in the forest area of Zakour. This then allows good implementation of detection management plans, for better prevention and decision-making assistance in protecting and fighting forest fires.
The Relationship Between Repeated‐Sprint Ability, Aerobic Capacity, and Oxygen Uptake Recovery Kinetics in Female Soccer Athletes
Authors: Archiza Bruno , Andaku Daniela K. , Beltrame Thomas , Libardi Cleiton A. , Borghi-Silva Audrey
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the relationship between repeated-sprint ability, aerobic capacity, and oxygen uptake kinetics during the transition between exercise and recovery (off-transient) in female athletes of an intermittent sport modality. Eighteen professional soccer players completed three tests: 1) a maximal incremental exercise test; 2) a constant speed time-to-exhaustion test; and 3) a repeated-sprint ability test consisting of six 40-m sprints with 20 s of passive recovery in-between. Correlations between time-to-exhaustion, repeated-sprint ability, and oxygen uptake kinetics were calculated afterwards. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. A performance decrement during repeated-sprint ability was found to be related to: 1) time-to-exhaustion (e.g., exercise tolerance; r = -0.773, p < 0.001); 2) oxygen uptake recovery time (r = 0.601, p = 0.008); and 3) oxygen uptake mean response time of recovery (r = 0.722, p < 0.001). Moreover, the best sprint time (r = -0.601, p = 0.008) and the mean sprint time (r = -0.608, p = 0.007) were found to be related to maximal oxygen uptake. Collectively, these results reinforce the relation between oxygen uptake kinetics and the ability to maintain sprint performance in female athletes. These results may contribute to coaches and training staff of female soccer teams to focus on training and improve their athletes’ aerobic capacity and recovery capacity to improve intermittent exercise performance.
Areal Surface Texture Parameters for Copper/Glass Plating Adhesion Characteristics
Authors: He Baofeng , Webb D. Patrick , Petzing Jon
Published: April 2021

Glass as an alternative printed circuit board material and interposer has been investigated for use in the micro-electronics industry. Electroless copper plating is used to provide the conductive layer, but there is limited understanding of how the surface topography of the glass substrate affects the copper/glass bonding strength exhibited in the current literature. A laser ablation technique was used to prepare glass surfaces with micro-scale structured features in this study, and these features were characterized quantitatively using areal surface texture parameters. The copper/glass bonding adhesion strength was quantified using a scratch testing technique, and the relationships between the critical loads measured and the areal surface parameters, as well as discussion of the underlying mechanisms, are presented in this report. Statistical analysis was employed to identify the most relevant areal parameters that may be used for prediction of the copper/glass bonding strength and for design of adhesion promoting surface textures. The experimental results suggest that the most significant areal surface texture parameters to consider are Sq, Sdq, Sdr, Sxp, Vv, Vmc, and Vvc, and the recommended value range for each parameter for optimal plating adhesion performance is given.
Identity Attachment Influences Contemporary Dancers’ Career Transition
Authors: Pohjola Hanna
Published: April 2021

The career of a dancer in Western concert dance is often short, owing to factors such as family, injuries, low level of income, change of interests, unemployment, ageing, and frustration with working conditions. In this field, career transition has been portrayed as a multi-layered and comprehensive life change in which one of the key features is the loss of the identity as an artist. Despite this general understanding, there is little research on dancers’ identity and its possible relation to career transition. The paper focuses on describing the relationship between a dancer’s identity and injury based career transition through concepts of self and identity drawn from social psychology. The concepts of the self and identity are described through the metaphor of a circle that consists of three layers: the innermost (the self), the middle (the personal identity) and the outermost (the social identity) layer. In the article, the function of these layers and their inter-relationships in dancer identity is approached by interpreting stories constructed from the interviews of three former Finnish contemporary dance artists. The paper reveals that the vocational identity of the interviewed dancers is emphasized differently. This suggests a connection especially between the occupational (e.g. social) identity and the personal identity. In relation to career transition, attachment to dancer identity by the interviewees is described either as a facilitating or hindering factor. Thus the article suggests that the attachment to dancer identity does bear significance to the process of the life change of dancers.
Efficacy of biological treatment in inflammatory bowel disease – a single-center experience
Authors: Michalak Agata , Kasztelan-Szczerbinska Beata , Laskowska Katarzyna , Radwan Piotr , Cybulski Marek , Cichoż-Lach Halina
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Efficacy of biological treatment (BT) is a key issue among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Laboratory markers and endoscopic procedures are basic diagnostic tools in the assessment of response to biological agents in the course of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Aim. The aim of our investigation was to assess the correlation between laboratory parameters and endoscopic picture in the course of BT in patients with IBD – CD and UC–treated with biological agents.

Material and methods. The total number of 71 patients were enrolled in the study, 25 with CD and 46 with UC. When it comes to 15 patients with CD, they were treated with infliximab (IFX) and 10 patients with adalimumab (ADA) – one year of therapy. Patients with UC were administered IFX – induction therapy. Laboratory tests (C-reactive protein (CRP) and platelet (PLT) count) and colonoscopy were performed in all patients before and during BT.

Results. BT improved endoscopic picture (SES-CD, MAYO) in all patients. BT lowered CRP (p<0.05) and PLT count (p<0.05) in CD group. CRP level and PLT count decreased in UC group, too (p<0.05). A positive correlation between PLT count and SESCD score prior to the first dose was noticed in ADA group. CRP level correlated positively with PLT count in CD patients treated with IFX before the introduction of BT. Moreover, CRP level correlated positively with both MAYO score and MAYO endoscopic subscore after the second dose of IFX and after finished induction regimen in UC group.

Discussion. BT revolutionized a natural history of IBD and its efficacy was approved worldwide. Nevertheless, biological agents do not lead to a full remission of the disease in all patients. Because of this reason, laboratory parameters and endoscopic picture must be carefully monitored during BT to achieve the best outcome in IBD patients.

Conclusion. Full clinical and endoscopic remission of IBD was not achieved, although BT lowered CRP level, PLT count and improved endoscopic picture of patients enrolled into our study.
Expression of CD44 and IDH1 R132H in Gliomas and their Prognostic Relevance
Authors: Jakovļevs Arvīds , Vanags Andrejs , Gardovskis Jānis , Štrumfa Ilze
Published: April 2021

Gliomas are among the most common and aggressive primary brain tumours with dismal prognosis. A lot of research has been directed towards elucidating the molecular basis of these tumours, but few reliable prognostic markers are known. It is necessary to continue to study possible molecular factors that may be involved in development of gliomas or have a prognostic role. CD44 is a marker of neural stem cells and is involved in invasiveness of different tumours. In addition, IDH1 R132H mutant protein is expressed in secondary glioblastomas (GBMs) with much better prognosis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the expression and prognostic role of CD44 and IDH1 R132H in gliomas by immunohistochemistry. In this study, we found that CD44 expression was more prominent in glioblastomas than diffuse astrocytomas and it was not correlated with IDH1 mutational status. CD44 was not found to have a prognostic role in gliomas, in contrast with IDH1 R132H positive status, which was associated with better prognosis. Interestingly, higher CD44 expression values were associated with smaller size of GBMs and female gender indicating that the glioma stem cell population may be altered by gender specific factors and the growth rate of the tumour.
Effect of the Friction and Reduction Angle on the Accuracy of Cold Drawing Steel Tubes STL Model Based on FEM Analysis
Authors: Morovič Ladislav , Kritikos Michaela , Sobota Róbert , Kapustová Mária , Urminský Ján , Buranská Eva , Ridzoň Martin
Published: April 2021

The object of the study was to create a computer model that resembles the process of cold drawing seamless steel tubes, and evaluate the influence of selected process parameters on selected final dimensions and tolerances of STL models of the tubes obtained from DEFORM simulation software. The STL models of tubes generated from the simulations were evaluated, and the effects of the reduction angle and the friction coefficient on the inner/outer diameter, inner/outer roundness and concentricity were subsequently found. It was proven that the inner and outer diameters are not influenced by different values of the friction coefficient at the same reduction angle. On the other hand, increasing value of the reduction angle affects decrease of the outer and inner diamaters after drawing. Furthermore, this experimental investigation vindicates that friction coefficient and reduction angle have the minimal impact on the inner/outer roundness and outer concentricity.
On the P-wave model of a single electrocardiogram lead
Authors: Skorniakov Viktor , Mainelis Antanas , Navickas Petras , Marinskis Germanas , Stankus Albinas
Published: April 2021

We describe a parametric model for the P-wave of a single electrocardiogram (ECG) lead trajectory. Though previously met in the bioengineering literature, the model was not treated in a complete parametric fashion. The paper fills the gap by making use of both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Supporting real data example is provided. Further potential applications are also discussed.
Folk-Inspired Neoclassical vs Folk-Inspired Compositions
Authors: Klages Kendra
Published: April 2021

My research project focuses on folk inspired music of Poland, England, China, and Ireland. In my applied lessons on clarinet, I studied two neoclassical Polish folk pieces, so the question answered in the research is how the two neoclassical Polish pieces compare to folk inspired pieces from other countries. The pieces chosen for this study are mainly pieces that I have heard before. Therefore, I chose the pieces based upon my familiarity with them. Folk music expresses the sounds and rhythms that represent countries all over the world. Over time these sounds and rhythms evolve to reflect the country at that moment. This study will reflect how folk music was implemented into different pieces with a focus on Polish neoclassical folk pieces versus English, Chinese, and Irish folk pieces. There is a detailed analysis focused on two Polish compositions. While the focus of the other global pieces is to allow one to understand how folk music was being used in compositions specific to the country being studied. The purpose of this study is to understand how folk tunes and characteristics can be expressed through larger compositions, and how the different countries and genres approached that. Furthermore, the study compares Polish folk music to the folk music of other countries and where Polish folk composers stand in originality and experimentalism with the composers of England, China, and Ireland.
Automated Emotion Classification in Free-moving Rats
Authors: Telfer Andre
Published: April 2021

Studies involving emotion often use animal models and currently rely on manual labelling by researchers. This human-driven labelling approach leads to a number of challenges such as: long analysis times, imprecise results, observer drift, and varying correlation between observers. These problems impact reproducibility, and have contributed to our lack of understanding of fundamental mechanical questions such as how emotions arise from neuronal circuits. Recent success of machine learning models across similar problems show that it can help to mitigate these challenges while meeting or exceeding human accuracy. 

We developed a classifier pipeline that takes in videos and produces an emotion label. The pipeline extracts body part positions from each frame using a pose estimator and feeds them into an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifier built using stacked Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) layers. The data was collected by treating nine rats with Lypopolysaccharide (LPS) injections (10mg/kg). First, rats were recorded for 10 minutes under control conditions with no manipulation and no observed symptoms of stress or malaise. A week later, rats were injected with LPS and filmed for 10 minutes two hours post-injection. 

The classifier pipeline developed correctly labelled 78% of the 125,040 video segments from 8 test videos. When combined with a vote-based system, this led to 7 of the 8 test videos being classified correctly which was the same accuracy attained by a human expert from the lab. The test videos had varying environments and used rats that were different from the training videos, providing evidence of a degree of robustness in the model. Future work will focus on expanding the test data and incorporating models for 3D pose estimation and behavioral classification.
The Role of Bystander-initiated Basic Life Support in Sports-related Sudden Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hill Braeden , Grubic Nicholas , Phelan Dermot M. , Baggish Aaron L. , Dorian Paul , Johri Amer M.
Published: April 2021

Background: Sudden cardiac arrest is the leading medical cause of death amongst athletes and a common cause of death during exercise. The provision of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automatic external defibrillator (AED) use by bystanders can greatly improve survival outcomes in sudden cardiac arrest. However, the effectiveness of these interventions within exertional settings requires further investigation.

Objective: To evaluate the role of bystander-initiated CPR and AED use on survival outcomes amongst sports-related sudden cardiac arrest (SrSCA).

Methods: Several databases and grey literature sources were queried from inception until November 2020 using a comprehensive search strategy. Abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction of eligible studies were conducted independently by two reviewers. SrSCA was defined as a cardiac arrest which occurred during (or within 1-hour of) physical activity, sport, or exercise. Bystander CPR and AED rates, as well as appropriate survival outcomes, were extracted from each study, and overall summary measures were calculated.

Results: A total of 2,850 unique records were identified, with 176 articles selected for full-text review, of which 32 studies were included in this review. The median rate of bystander CPR and AED use was 75% and 24%, respectively. Survival to hospital discharge ranged from 11%-93%, with a median rate of 33%.

Conclusions: Majority of SrSCAs received bystander CPR and achieved a high rate of survival to hospital discharge, yet AED use was low. These findings encourage layperson education in basic life support, the availability of AEDs in athletic facilities, and emergency action plans to ensure timely resuscitation.
The Proposal of a Prince or Delegation of a Duke? Britain’s Involvement in the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
Authors: Dale Trevor
Published: April 2021

Out of concern for maintaining a ‘balance of power’ between states, the major European powers in the 18th century were continually shifting alliances with each other in what has been referred to as a “stately quadrille” (a quadrille being a dance characterized by a constant changing of partners). Most synonymous with this notion are the events of early 1756, a few months before the outbreak of the Seven Years War, where there was a dramatic reversal of alliances. It saw Austria and France put aside their centuries-old rivalry in response to an equally unlikely alliance between Britain and Prussia. This ‘diplomatic revolution’, as it has since been known, is often attributed to the clever machinations of the Austrian Prince Kaunitz who sought to dislodge France from their previous alliance with Prussia to win an alliance with France for himself. However, my research project seeks to emphasize Britain’s role in this affair, where I will illustrate that the Duke of Newcastle, despite being adamant on continuing the ‘old system’, nonetheless contributed significantly to actualizing this reversal. Throughout this project, I have faced many exciting challenges that have led me to a fuller understanding of what actually constitutes ‘historical investigation’. I find this to be especially true with the experience of thoroughly examining and responding to the full historiography of a particular topic; something that was both a challenging but immensely rewarding experience.
Analyzing the Past, Rationalizing the Present, and Formulating the Future of Injection Sites
Authors: Lovisotto Celina , Baker Brooke
Published: April 2021

The Opioid Crisis has historically been a major threat to the Canadian population, and continues to affect the health and wellbeing of Canadians today. This ongoing public health crisis demonstrates the exponential growth of opioid related deaths and drug overdoses, particularly in the midst of a global pandemic. The effects of Covid - 19 have shown a drastic increase in opioid related deaths over the past year. It is important to note that vulnerable individuals are facing a surplus of challenges both physically and mentally during this unprecedented time due to lack of shelter, resources, and support. To adequately care for struggling individuals, it is essential to consider the implication of supervised consumption sites, commonly known as safe injection sites (SIS). They provide a safe and clean environment for injections, a supportive community for drug users, well as resources for preventative and extended healthcare. Though negatively perceived throughout society, these sites offer nutritious food, hygiene supplies and the basic necessities in order to sustain one’s well being and optimal health. Nonetheless, this would not be possible without greater funding from the government that will in turn allow for greater expansion and overall accessibility of these resources. This will hopefully assist in ending the stigma that lingers around SIS while closing the divisions within society. Each individual is entitled to feeling supported and welcomed in a community where they can express their true self without being judged.
Racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in diagnosis, treatment, and survival of patients with breast cancer- A Population Analysis in the United States
Authors: Azin Sam , Cil Tulin , Tahmasebi Houman , Azin Arash , Brar Amanpreet , Covelli Andrea , Ko Gary
Published: April 2021

Racial disparities in breast cancer are well established. However, there is a paucity of literature assessing the interaction of patient, socioeconomic, and community factors on breast cancer care. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of race/ ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and insurance status on disease presentation, access to care, and survival in breast cancer.

A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients of Non-Hispanic White (NHW), Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients with non-metastatic breast cancer in a large American national cancer registry. A total of 382,975 patients were identified. We demonstrated that NHB and Hispanic patients are more likely to present with more advanced stage disease, less likely to undergo surgery, and less likely to undergo breast reconstruction than their NHW counterparts. We also demonstrated worse survival for NHB patients compared to NHW patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these disparities were compounded across worsening socioeconomic status and insurance coverage.
Private Lives & Unspoken Truths: How does a Right to Privacy Contribute to Violence Against Women in Pakistan?
Authors: Yahya Hijaab
Published: April 2021

There were two core purposes of this research project. The first was to explore the impacts of the division of space within the public-private dichotomy onto women’s experiences of domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) in Pakistan. In this inquiry, emphasis was placed upon understanding the impact of the culturally produced notion of the “privacy of home” on a woman’s ability to speak about and seek legal channelsof assistance in her experiences of DV and IPV. The second purpose was to critically scrutinize  Pakistan’s legal system in its ability to protect women from the violence they experience behind closed doors in the perceived “private” sphere of social life. By placing Art 14(1) of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, which states, “[t]he dignity of man and, subject to law, the privacy of home, shall be inviolable,” as the focal point of my research project, I examined why Pakistan’s legal system legitimizes the division of public-private space by constitutionally protecting a right to privacy of home. Informed by such inquiries, I developed the question, “why does Pakistan’s legal system constitutionally entrench a right to privacy of home under Art 14(1), and how is such right balanced against a woman’s right to be free from violence?” This project was conducted virtually and remotely from Canada, which presented significant challenges, including the nine-hour time difference and efficient participant recruitment. Nonetheless, completing this research study was the most fruitful experience of my academic career. It expanded my knowledge of contemporary gender-based socioeconomic and legal issues facing Pakistan's women and helped me to develop a network with relevant professionals and activists working in this field.
The Dark side of helping: Escalation of commitment
Authors: Patel Rahul , Spitzmuller Matthias
Published: April 2021

In the real world, employees may be presented with difficult tasks that could be tackled in multiple ways and with available resources. On top of this, with deadlines, few external resources, and other tasks that employees typically face, thinking tends to be narrowed and so do the actions that follow. This could lead to a persistent course of action that leads to failure. We call this situation escalation of commitment. When our coworkers offer help and we are stuck and have invested time and effort into near-impossible tasks, is it worth accepting this offer of help? Or, would we rather risk more time and resources and instead persist in solving this near impossible problem? In the latter option, the individual may experience burnout and stress. For the organization, deadlines would not be met, and objectives could not be accomplished. My research looks at these helping behaviours and whether they lead others astray in an escalation of commitment. Specifically, I predict that individuals who have invested in a failing course of action are less likely to abandon this path when they receive help from others. This intersection of escalation and helping behaviours are important because when employees attempt to help a coworker who is invested in an extremely difficult task, they may be doing more harm than good.
ProMéxico: Una experiencia público-privada exitosa. Su origen, consolidación, desaparición y potencial reimplantación
Authors: Cuevas Padilla Luis Manuel , Mariani Ochoa René
Published: April 2021

ProMéxico, la agencia del Gobierno de México de promoción empresarial a nivel internacional, funcionó con gran éxito de 2007 a 2018. En el artículo se comenta su origen, su desarrollo y consolidación como agencia de promoción internacional, su abrupto cierre y las consecuencias de ello. Se hace énfasis en los mecanismos de operación que tenía la institución, así como los resultados obtenidos durante su existencia.La metodología empleada es un análisis documental sobre los antecedentes y operación de la institución, apoyado con estadísticas de fuentes oficiales y estructurado con base a la experiencia de los autores.En la parte final se presentan conclusiones enfocadas en ver en la desaparición de ProMéxico no tanto los efectos que ya se están percibiendo en las tendencias de exportaciones e inversión extranjera en México, sino en la necesidad de diseñar estrategias de promoción económica internacional que ayuden a retomar el crecimiento de la economía externa del país.
Application of Cart Method in Analyzing Factors Affecting Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6-23 Months
Authors: Izzatirahmi Izzatirahmi , Hazmira Yozza , Radhiatul Husna , Auliya Rahmy Hafifatul
Published: April 2021

This study aims to analyze  factors that affect the nutritional status of children aged 6-23 months. The data used were acquired from a survey conducted at mother and child health services (‘posyandu’), daycares, and households in four districts in Padang City, West Sumatera. In this study,  variables that are hypothesized to contribute to nutritional status are sex, birth weight, family income, number of family dependents, exclusive breastfeeding status, mother's employment status, education level, knowledge and nutritional behavior. Data analysis was done by using tree structure analysis namely CART method. It is showed that variables which significantly affect the nutritional status of children aged 6-23 months are mother’s education level, knowledge and nutritional behavior. Children with low mother’s education level have higher prevalence of severely underweight and underweight when mother’s knowledge is poor or enough. in the group of children whose mothers have higher level of education, the variable that has a significant influence on child’s nutritional status is mother's nutritional behavior. In the group of children whose mothers have higher level of education, the variable that has a significant influence on child’s nutritional status is mother's nutritional behavior, the prevalence of overweight is likely to be high in children whose mothers nutritional behaviour is not good. Therefore, intervention from related parties is needed to implement programs for improving mother's knowledge about nutrition that will lead to better  child’s nutritional status.
O DIÁRIO DE ANNE FRANK E A BANALIDADE DO MAL EM HANNAH ARENDT: OLHARES FEMININOS SOBRE OS HORRORES DO HOLOCAUSTO
Authors: Batista Claudia Karina Ladeia , Silva Mateus Magalhães da
Published: April 2021

Muitos são os relatos do holocausto conhecidos em todo o mundo. Parte deles resultam da análise pós-guerra, feita por cientistas políticos, cientistas sociais, jornalistas e historiadores. Parte advém da versão dos algozes em depoimentos tomados quando de seus julgamentos, como o caso mais famoso e emblemático conhecido – o julgamento de Adolf Eichmann, nazista integrante da SS e responsável pelo embarque de milhões de judeus em trens rumo aos campos de extermínio. O conhecimento dos horrores da perseguição a negros, judeus, ciganos e outras minorias também veio a púbico por relatos emocionados de sobreviventes. Mas a versão que ganhou o mundo e deu visibilidade ímpar à odiosa articulação de extermínio liderada por Hitler veio pela mão de uma vítima. Uma menina judia que retratou o cotidiano durante a guerra e não sobreviveu para ver o seu fim. O presente artigo tem por objetivo a análise da obra “O diário de Anne Frank” com o propósito de trazer à discussão o olhar da jovem autora sobre o nazismo, a partir de suas vivências contemporâneas ao holocausto. O artigo pretende ainda apresentar uma outra visão feminina, mais madura e refletida sobre o holocausto. Assim, em breves linhas, analisa o olhar da filósofa e jornalista Hannah Arendt, manifestado na obra “Eichmann em Jerusalém: um relato sobre a banalidade do mal”, escrito posteriormente à queda do terceiro Reich. Utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica desenvolvida mediante emprego do método dedutivo, espera-se apresentar ao leitor a dicotomia e as intersecções de visões de duas mulheres que, apesar de idades, formações e experiências muito distintas, dedicaram-se a relatar os horrores do holocausto.
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS POHON FAMILI PODOCARPACEAE PADA HUTAN PEGUNUNGAN ATAS DI GUNUNG BAWANG KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Ronaldo Andre , Prayogo Harri , Muflihati .
Published: April 2021

Mount Bawang is one of the protected forest areas in Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan with an altitude reaching 1.471 masl. Mount Bawang belongs to the type of tropical rain forest which is overgrown by various species of plants with high species diversity. The forest in Gunung Bawang has a zone of upper mountain forest vegetation which is a habitat for tree species from the family Podocarpaceae. Podocarpaceae family tree species can grow in humid forest conditions, dominating the upper mountain forests, mountainous scrublands, and some in the swamp and scorch forest. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the morphology of tree species from the Podocarpaceae family on Mount Bawang. The method used in this study is an exploration method that is carried out by exploring the ridge at an altitude of 1.100-1.400 masl, then taking samples of the herbarium. Based on the results of the study found 5 species of trees from the family Podocarpaceae. These species are Dacrydium xanthandrum, Falcatifolium falciforme, Podocarpus borneensis, Podocarpus neriifolius, and Phylocladus hyphophyllus. The morphological characteristics of the Podocarpaceae family are generally needle-leafed, leafy mesophyll, thick, upright stems sometimes bent, and have seed-bearing organs in the form of conifers.Keyword: Bengkayang Regency, Mount Bawang, Podocarpaceae, Upper Mountain Forest.