bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Of Cosmetic Value Only: Make-Up and Terrible Old Ladies in Victorian Literature
Authors: Zadrozny Sara
Published: January 2021

By looking at the figure of the painted older woman in nineteenth-century novels, this article examines how changing attitudes to cosmetics punished ageing women who clung to the make-up of their youth. As a warning against such continued practices, Catherine Gore’s ageing Lady Ormington demonstrates how devotion to make-up cannot hold back the signs of ageing. In a similar manner, Dickens’s Mrs Skewton shows how Georgian make-up, her ageing features, and her corrupt personality are equally contaminative. Finally, Percy Fitzgerald’s ‘Terrible Old Lady’ shows how heavy make-up is a literary motif that better delineates the ravages of female ageing than biological change alone. I conclude that in nineteenth-century novels, cosmetics do not function as a worrying disguise or serve as a medical warning, but rather act to depict the ageing woman as extraneous, purposeless, and aesthetically irrelevant.
‘How differently it came upon her’: The Ageing Young Stepmother in Charlotte Yonge’s The Young Step-Mother and Dinah Craik’s Christian’s Mistake
Authors: Rosefield Hannah
Published: January 2021

This article looks at two domestic novels of the 1860s, The Young Step-Mother by Charlotte Yonge and Christian’s Mistake by Dinah Craik, alongside Victorian vital statistics and family structure in order to argue that fictional stepmothers of the period — even very young stepmothers — are better understood as a portrayal of female middle age. One of the strongest conventions of the nineteenth-century novel is that its protagonist be young, especially if that protagonist is female. This youth convention prevented novelists from putting many aspects of women’s lives at the centre of their work; one such aspect was mothering a child past the age of infancy. When critics write about the stepmother in Victorian literature, they usually portray her either as a stereotype (the wicked stepmother of fairy tale) or as a representation of a common nineteenth-century reality. This article shows that a young stepmother-protagonist offered Victorian writers a way to respect the novel’s youth convention at the same time as exploring emotions and experiences not typically available to biological mothers until their thirties, forties or even fifties: dealing with the competing demands of infant and adolescent children, for example, or with a daughter’s unhappy marriage or son’s professional difficulties. Through showing how Yonge’s and Craik’s novels give mature experience to young women, this article offers a model for finding Victorian representations of age in unexpected places and unexpected bodies.
Economic valuation of the averted degradation of the Vyeboom Wetland in the Theewaterskloof Dam catchment, South Africa
Authors: Daniel Marais  , Theo Fischer  , Donovan Kotze  , Bennie Haasbroek  , Malin Govender  , James Pugin  , Annabel Horn
Published: January 2021

Wetlands within the catchments of water supply dams have potential to make important contributions to water-related ecosystem services, particularly water quality enhancement. Wetlands are facing growing threats and continuing degradation. There have been limited attempts at evaluating the contribution of South African wetlands, and their rehabilitation, for water quality enhancement and other water-related ecosystem services. A comprehensive and integrated wetland services economic assessment determined the value of the Vyeboom Wetland in the catchment of the Theewaterskloof Dam. The water of this dam is a significant contributor to the City of Cape Town’s water supply. The economic valuation model integrates hydrological, catchment status and economic models, with a long-term (80-year monthly) wetland water balance from a calibrated hydrological model as a driver for the nutrient removal aspect. The economic valuation builds on a water quality enhancement model, based on the minimisation of indirect use replacement cost principle, supplemented by a sediment retention and carbon storage assessment. The capability of the economic valuation model is illustrated by assessing the rehabilitation of a 25-ha area in the Vyeboom Wetland, which is currently intact, but is under threat of being severely degraded by the advancing erosion headcut. It was assumed that the current state of the Vyeboom Wetland is almost pristine (only 1 ha degraded), but that a further 24 ha would degrade over a period of 50 years, following spatial changes over time. By balancing the total investment in offsetting the potential loss in benefits, it is evident that an amount of 2.5 million ZAR could be afforded for rehabilitation. If, instead of a logistic degradation profile, the wetland is assumed to already be in a state of accelerated deterioration, the rehabilitation project budget for Vyeboom Wetland will increase once the other intrinsic benefits described are considered in the analysis.
The influence of a high-density sludge acid mine drainage (AMD) chemical treatment plant on water quality along the Blesbokspruit Wetland, South Africa
Authors: Mauro Lourenco  , Chris Curtis
Published: January 2021

The Eastern Basin chemical acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment plant is one of the world’s largest high-density sludge (HDS) plants, and came into operation in August 2016. The plant is situated near the inoperative Grootvlei Mine in Springs, South Africa, and upstream of the Blesbokspruit Wetland, a former Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, now on the Montreux Record. Since being in operation it has had a major influence on surface water quality along the wetland area. The plant was constructed to mitigate the anticipated decant of AMD water from the abandoned Grootvlei Mine into the Blesbokspruit Wetland. Making use of the BACI (Before-After-Control-Impact) design, this study compares surface water quality of the Blesbokspruit upstream (control site) and downstream (impact site) of the treatment plant for 3-year periods before and after it came into operation. Quarterly water quality data (aluminium, ammonia, chloride, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, fluoride, iron, magnesium, manganese, nitrate, pH, phosphate, sodium and sulphate) from 2013–2019 were used for 5 historical Rand Water monitoring sites along the Blesbokspruit. The current HDS treatment process has negatively influenced conductivity, chloride, magnesium, sodium and sulphate levels downstream. Since the commissioning of the treatment plant, the levels of these parameters have increased significantly.  Notably, conductivity and sulphate have reached the management range defined as ‘unacceptable’ within the framework set out by the Blesbokspruit Forum (which is less stringent than the national guidelines for aquatic ecosystems), with potential impacts on salinization of the Vaal Barrage downstream. However, the significant reduction of iron, ammonia and phosphate concentrations downstream of the plant may be a combined beneficial effect of dilution by increased discharge from the plant and the wetland removing these contaminants. These results highlight the need for further research into possible secondary treatment and desalinisation mechanisms and the potential ecological and downstream water supply implications of increasing salinity within the area.
Prácticas parentales y entorno de residencia en adolescentes: un estudio comparativo a nivel de riesgo psicosocial
Authors: Hinostroza Ballón Alvaro Jaime
Published: January 2021

El presente estudio se realiza con la finalidad de describir y comparar los resultados entre 85 adolescentes que residen en una zona considerada de alto riesgo psicosocial del Callao (Perú) con un grupo de 82 adolescentes de similares características sociodemográficas que reside en una zona no considerada de alto riesgo psicosocial de la misma jurisdicción. La metodología es de tipo descriptivo – comparativo y de diseño no experimental, transversal. En este caso, se usó la Escala de Afecto y la Escala de Normas y Exigencias, y la Escala de Violencia en el Barrio. Los resultados permiten afirmar que los adolescentes de una zona de alto riesgo psicosocial expresan, desde su percepción, que sus padres priorizan el afecto, el interés y la comunicación, atribuyéndole especialmente al objeto materno dicha práctica. De la misma manera, refieren también, que sus padres recurren al diálogo cuando deben de supervisar o exigir el cumplimiento de sus límites; sin embargo, a comparación del grupo control, evalúan a sus padres de manera más autoritaria.
La gestión de la convivencia escolar en la educación básica en México: desde la perspectiva del marketing educativo
Authors: Larios Gómez Emigdio
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el clima escolar percibido (escolar y de aula) en la escuela secundaria de Amozoc de Mota (Puebla, México) desde una perspectiva del marketing educativo. Se desarrolló una investigación de tipo concluyente–descriptiva y transversal, encuestando de manera presencial a 215 docentes con un instrumento adaptando lo constructos sobre el Estudio de conductas, clima y convivencia escolar. Asimismo, se trató del análisis del ambiente escolar encuestando a 150 estudiantes. En los resultados analizados se pudo observar que el profesor de secundaria no percibe apoyo ni se siente valorado por parte de sus pares y directivos, lo que genera un clima laboral complejo e influye en una gestión difícil para la convivencia escolar. Se concluye que el profesor es un agente de andamiaje en el clima escolar, permite establecer en el Aula un espacio de instrucción y de construcción del aprendizaje con vínculos positivos, clima cordial y de seguridad con reglas y límites. Asimismo, promueve en los alumnos el desarrollo-aprendizaje personal, social académico y cognitivo para la vida. Además, el rol del docente dentro del aula es de primordial importancia en el clima de aula que perciban los alumnos. Los alumnos se sienten bien entre ellos, aceptados y respetados con base en la postura conciliadora, interventora y de autoridad del profesor. Y es donde el Marketing Educativo cumple su función y puede ayudar a mejorar la convivencia y promover las relaciones basadas en el respeto y la aceptación. Lo que desarrollará en los alumnos, docentes, directivos y padres de familia actitudes asertivas, críticas, con valores y conciencia analítica.
Why Digital Games Can Be Advantageous in Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Rasti-Behbahani Amin
Published: January 2021

Vocabulary learning is an integral part of language learning; however, it is difficult. Although there are many techniques proposed for vocabulary learning and teaching, researchers still strive to find effective methods. Recently, digital games have shown potentials in enhancing vocabulary acquisition. A majority of studies in digital game-based vocabulary learning (DGBVL) literature investigate the effectiveness of DGBVL tasks. In other words, there are enough answers to what questions in DGBVL literature whereas why questions are rarely answered. Finding such answers help us learn more about the structure of the DGBVL tasks and their effects on vocabulary learning. Hence, to achieve this aim, the available literature on digital games and vocabulary learning were systematically reviewed from 1996 to 2020. The results revealed seven themes such as motivation, authenticity, repetition, instantiation, dual encoding, interactivity, and feedback. Based on the available literature, these themes are factors, in digital games, that can contribute to enhancing vocabulary acquisition.
Non-metaphorical Objects as Alternate Means of Literary Communication in Selected Plays of A. B. Chukuezi
Authors: Akaeze Chioma M. , Ezebube Chinedu C. , Chukwuneke Ogechukwu F. U. , Ikechukwu–Ibe Chioma J.
Published: January 2021

Emphasis on effective communication has become the concern of many literary scholars. The need to explore where the burden of communication lies in the literary arts resounds among literary critics and beyond. The study sets out to examine how ordinary intentional dramatic objects in selected Igbo plays of A. B. Chukuezi; Udo Ka Mma, Aku Fechaa and Akwa Nwa are utilised to influence and communicate the intents of the drama texts to the audience. The theoretical framework is based on the viewpoint of theatre semiotics. The belief of theatre semiotics is that every part of a play is relevant in the actualisation of the complex whole called the text.  The findings suggest that dramatic objects are not mere symbols for stage beautification, but are objects that can connect a text to its audience. They can also illuminate and illustrate the content and context of a text; as well as develop and extend a storyline.
The Dimensions of Language and Thought in the Vedic Literature
Authors: Bhandari Sabindra Raj
Published: January 2021

The present article explores the interrelationships between language and thought in the literature of the Vedic Canon. Whether language shapes thoughts or vice versa has remained a topic pregnant with perpetual discussions, interpretations, and explanations since the beginning of human civilization. Throughout the multiple crossroads of the development in the intellectual tradition, the dimensions of language and thought attracted many scholars and linguists. However, linguists like Edward Sapir and Benjamin L. Whorf in the twentieth century have systematically interpreted and analyzed the language-thought dimensions. Whorf postulated that language shapes thoughts while Sapir projected that language is in the grip of thought. The literature of the Vedic Canon has also logically and systematically projected the multiple dimensional, but agglutinative relationships between language and thought. The hymns of the Rig Veda, myths from Brahmanas, and the lore from Upanishads unravel, interpret, and enrich the language-thought interconnection in such a way that the Vedic literature remains as the classical version of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis written in Sanskrit. In this regard, the Vedic literature and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis play the same tune of music in different lyres. The present paper attempts to reveal this point of unity in diversity between the two seemingly diverse schools of thoughts—classical Vedic literature and modern linguistic theory of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Being the qualitative research, this paper explores, interprets, and correlates the theoretical concepts, ideas, and phenomena from the Vedic literature and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
The Impact of Culture and Gender on Impoliteness Strategies in Jordanian and American TV Sitcoms
Authors: Rababa’h Bayan B. , Rabab’ah Ghaleb
Published: January 2021

Several studies examined the effect of gender, culture and context on the use of impoliteness strategies. The present study examined the gender and cultural differences and similarities in the language used in Jordanian and American TV sitcoms. The researchers analysed 30 episodes from the Jordanian TV sitcom “dʒaltˤah/ جلطة/season 1” and 20 episodes from the American TV sitcom “The Big Bang Theory/season 12”, which make a total of about 400 minutes from each sitcom. The findings of the study indicate that male characters employed impoliteness strategies more than female characters in both cultures.  It was also found that Jordanian characters utilized more impoliteness strategies than the American characters. Jordanian males and females differed significantly in using impoliteness strategies; however, the differences between American males and females were not significant.
Practices of Delivering Dispreferred Responses in English Talk Show Interaction
Authors: Wu Chunxiao
Published: January 2021

English talk shows have attracted a large group of audience with their humorous and relaxing features and these programmes are not only entertaining but also information-oriented, so the smooth progression of host-guest interaction is very important for producers, interactants, and the audience. However, the fact is that talk show interactants do not always construct their turns with collaborative efforts and the presence of dispreferred responses is not rare. With the data collected from ten episodes of Conan, the practices of delaying the occurrences of dispreferred responses and the practices of blurring them are generalized. The exploration of some possible causes of delivering dispreferred responses can lead to the conclusion that instead of being made arbitrarily, dispreferred responses could be delivered for lack of relevant knowledge, out of the consideration of modesty, and so on. Therefore, dispreferred responses are not definitely destructive to smooth communication and social solidarity since various devices can be used to mitigate the force of dispreferred responses and minimize potential threats to the face of interlocutors.
Influence of Native Language Transfer on Senior High School English Writing
Authors: Yuan Yuhang
Published: January 2021

English writing is one of the important ways to show the comprehensive ability of second language. The native language transfer has long been concerned by language learners since it was proposed. This study adopts qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore the influence of mother tongue transfer on senior high school students' English writing and puts forward corresponding teaching strategies. Through the research, it can be found that native language transfer errors account for a large proportion of errors in English writing error types. In addition, native language transfer has a significant influence on students’ English writing level. It is helpful for students to improve their second language writing ability by adopting comprehensible input and other teaching methods related to mother tongue transfer.
A Survey Study on the Application of Modern Educational Technology in English Major College Teaching in the Age of 5G Communication
Authors: Gao Yuhang
Published: January 2021

5G, the fifth generation of mobile communications technology, is the latest generation of cellular mobile communications technology, with high data rates, reduced latency, energy savings, reduced costs, increased system capacity and large-scale device connectivity. The Ministry of Education had made the integration of information technology and education and teaching development as a key task in 2018, and the arrival of the 5G era has also provided a greater development space for modern education technology, which has brought greater opportunities and challenges for education and teaching. Based on the existing research, this paper takes English major in a university in Northeast China as an example to investigate and analyze the application of modern educational technology in English majors in the 5G era, including the following aspects: 1) the comprehensive ability of English majors; 2) the application of modern educational technology in English major teaching; 3) the students' understanding of modern educational technology; 4) the advantages and disadvantages of the application of modern educational technology in the teaching of English majors; 5) the suggestions of English major students themselves about the application of modern educational technology in the major class learning. Then through the analysis of the survey results, the study thinks about how to make modern educational technology more effective, and combines with the traditional teaching means, puts forward suggestions for better application of modern education technology in English major teaching in the future, so as to promote the improvement of students' comprehensive quality and professional teaching effect.
Culture-loaded Words and Translation Equivalence
Authors: Zhou Xuanxuan , Hua Yan
Published: January 2021

Language and culture have very close relationship and can’t dispense with each other. In translation practice, we must fully consider the cultural differences, and completely understand the meaning of the culture-loaded words, try our best to convey the information as much as possible, and realize translation equivalence and cultural exchange.
A Study of Requests Made by Negative Politeness in English Movies and Their Persian Subtitles
Authors: Yaghoubzadeh Sahar
Published: January 2021

Based on Brown & Levinson’s politeness theory (1987), this paper sought to explore the negative politeness sub-strategies in English and Persian requests by analyzing the Persian subtitles of each British and American movie consisting of Little Women (2019), The Man Who Knew Infinity (2015), Twilight (2008), and Twilight and the New Moon (2009). The aim was to define the frequency of applied sub-strategies in both languages and the cultural differences in applying them. In addition, Persian subtitles of requests were studied based on Newmark’s translation procedures (1988) to both define the frequency of employed strategies and measure the precision of rendered utterances. Being fifty-one in bulk, all kinds of requests extracted from movies were analyzed. The study revealed that ‘State the FTA as a general rule’, ‘Nominalize’, and ‘Go on record as incurring a debt’ were absent in both languages. The highest and the lowest frequency of sub-strategies belonged to ‘Question/Hedge’ and ‘Apologize’ respectively. The frequency of each sub-strategy of ‘Impersonalize S & H’ and ‘Give deference’ was far higher in Persian from English. As to the translation, out of sixteen procedures, eleven of them were used. ‘Literal Translation’, ‘Functional Equivalent’, and ‘Reduction’ were the most frequently used strategies. Furthermore, subtitle of an utterance was rendered not according to the context in the movie.
PENGUJIAN DAMPAK LEVERAGE TERHADAP RISIKO SISTEMATIK PERUSAHAAN (Studi pada Bank Syariah di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Gautama Budhi Pamungkas , Ruhadi Ruhadi
Published: January 2021

Lembaga keuangan syariah tidak diperkenankan secara syar’i untuk menggunakan hutang yang berbasis bunga. Bunga sebagai komponen biaya tetap yang bersumber dari aspek pemenuhan kebutuhan pendanaan (financial leverage) akan memiliki implikasi pada risiko sistematik perusahaan. Dengan dasar itulah penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana dampak dari leverage  (pada lembaga keuangan syariah yang secara normatif tidak memiliki leverage keuangan) terhadap risiko sistematik perusahaan. Studi ini menggunakan data yang berasal dari laporan keuangan bank syariah periode 2014 – 2018, yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) yang terangkum dalam ICMD. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi dengan partial least square (PLS) untuk mendapatkan gambaran relasi dan dampak dari leverage terhadap risiko sistematik perusahaan (ß). Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tingkat leverage secara simultan yaitu; leverage oerasi (DOL), secara statistik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap risiko sistematik perusahaan, sedangkan leverage finansial (DFL) secara statistik berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap risiko sistematik perusahaan.
Objetos en el espacio doméstico: materialidades, sujetos y prácticas en la novelística de Tomás González
Authors: Ramírez López Wilmar Andrés
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo analiza algunos de los objetos presentes en la novelística de Tomás González. Específicamente, se enfoca en los modos en que los objetos articulan y, se articulan, en relación con unas subjetividades y unas prácticas particulares. Este trabajo dialoga con diversos abordajes interdisciplinarios sobre los objetos, como los hechos por A. Moles, G. Dorfles, M. Perrot y W. Benjamin, entre otros. De esta forma, el análisis expone la intencionalidad de González de ampliar el régimen categorial de los objetos más allá del imperio de su funcionalidad y acumulación hacia un régimen de visibilidad constituido sensible y afectivamente.
Percepciones de niñas, niños y adolescentes sobre violencias en los entornos familiar y escolar en ocho municipios de Colombia
Authors: Rivera Montero Danny , Arenas Duque Andrea , Roldán Restrepo Daniela , Forero Martínez Luz Janeth , Rivillas Juan Carlos , Murad Rocio , Calderón Jaramillo Mariana , Sánchez Molano Sandra Marcela , Arteaga Juan Sebastian
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Esta investigación explora las percepciones, actitudes y prácticas de niñas, niños y adolescentes sobre violencias en los entornos familiar y escolar. Metodología: Durante 2018, se aplicó una encuesta sobre sexualidad, convivencia familiar y entorno escolar a 16 558 niñas, niños y adolescentes escolarizados de entre 9 y 19 años de edad, habitantes de ocho municipios de Colombia, de las zonas Caribe y Pacífico. Resultados: Se encontraron porcentajes altos de violencia en el hogar y de actitudes violentas en el entorno escolar, además de bajos índices de educación sobre temas relacionados con la violencia de género. La violencia física fue ejercida en mayor frecuencia en los niños y adolescentes varones, entre los 15 y 19 años, y en los municipios de Bahía Solano y El Carmen de Atrato. En contraste, la violencia sexual fue principalmente ejercida a las niñas, entre los 9 y 11 años, y en los municipios de Uribía y Pivijay. Conclusiones: las normas de género y las expectativas sociales atribuidas a las personas en función de su sexo exponen a niñas, niños y adolescentes a violencias diferenciadas; a ello se suman la edad y el lugar en el que se habita.
Riesgo de consumo de cigarrillo en población adulta colombiana
Authors: Londoño Constanza , Gomez Laura Viviana
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir condiciones de incidencia, prevalencia, severidad de consumo de cigarrillo y factores psicosociales de riesgo (expectativas, motivación-tentaciones, identidad de consumo, ambiente de consumo y variables sociodemográficas) del consumo de cigarrillo. La muestra final estratificada no aleatorizada de 1364 participantes incluyó 569 hombres (41,7%) y 795 mujeres (58,3%), con edades entre 18 y 84 años (M= 28,33 y de= 10,31), provenientes de 14 Departamentos de Colombia. Para identificar los factores de riesgo de consumo de tabaco se realizó un análisis con Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales (sem) con el programa amos. Los resultados indican que el 30,3% eran fumadores, la mayoría con consumo alto o dependiente. Así mismo, la alta identidad de consumo, las expectativas positivas sobre los efectos de la sustancia y la alta motivación-tentación pueden ser considerados factores de riesgo ya que se asocian al mantenimiento del consumo y al fracaso en los intentos de cesación.
Experiencias de promoción de la salud mental en países latinoamericanos: ¿de qué promoción se trata?
Authors: Betancur-Betancur Catalina , Restrepo-Ochoa Diego Alveiro , Arias-López Beatriz Elena
Published: January 2021

La salud mental es prioridad para la salud pública; esta permite considerar aspectos subjetivos y vinculares implicados en el proceso integral de salud. Cada vez es mayor el énfasis en la promoción de la salud mental, en coherencia con una conceptualización positiva de esta que no se reduzca a la ausencia de enfermedad mental. El ejercicio del poder a favor de la transformación de la vida se considera condición de posibilidad para la promoción de la salud, y el análisis de esta relación es prioritario. Objetivo: esta investigación explora las nociones de promoción de la salud mental que subyacen a diferentes experiencias llevadas a cabo en países latinoamericanos y contribuye al reconocimiento de lo que en el contexto de estos países se desarrolla en nombre de la promoción de la salud mental; así mismo, permite reconocer si el tema del poder es abordado en estas experiencias. Método: se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática exploratoria de artículos empíricos, publicados desde el año 2010 en países latinoamericanos, que reportaron experiencias específicas de promoción de la salud mental. Resultados: las investigaciones revisadas se agrupan entre aquellas que equiparan la promoción de la salud con la prevención de la enfermedad y las que reformulan la conceptualización de la promoción de salud mental. En el primer caso se privilegia la intervención individual y en el segundo se incluyen los ámbitos social y comunitario. En ambos casos, no se encuentra un desarrollo explícito de la dimensión del poder implicada en la promoción de la salud.
Effect of Sulfur on Nitrogen-Containing Plasma Polymers in Promoting Osteogenic Differentiation of Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Siow Kim Shyong , Rahman Arifah , Aminuddin Amnani , Ng Pei Yuen
Published: January 2021

The role of sulfur and its synergistic effects with nitrogen moieties in mediating stem cell proliferation and differentiation has become of interest to the tissue engineering community due to chemical similarities with the glycosaminoglycans found in human tissues and cells. Glycosaminoglycans are biomolecules known to influence stem cell differentiation, but the roles of sulfur with different oxidation states on nitrogen-containing polymers have not been fully understood nor investigated. In this study, we used the plasma polymerization of 1,7-octadiene (ppOD), n-heptylamine (ppHA), ppHA grafted with vinyl-sulfonate via Michael-type addition (ppHA-SO3), thiophene (ppT), and ppT with air plasma treatment (ppT-air) to produce controlled amounts of nitrogen and sulfur moieties having different oxidation states, as confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Assays of the proliferation and osteogenic activities of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) showed the highest activities for ppHA, followed by ppHA-SO3, due to high percentages of amines/amides and the absence of SO3 moieties in ppHA. Other plasma polymers showed less proliferation and osteogenic differentiation than the positive control (glass substrate); however, WJ-MSCs grown on ppT-air with its high percentages of SO4 displayed cytoskeletons intensified with actin stress fiber, unlike the thiol-dominated ppT. Finally, the presence of methyl groups in ppOD severely limited WJ-MSCs proliferation and differentiation. Overall, these results confirm the beneficial effects of amine/amide groups on WJ-MSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, but the combination of these groups with sulfur of various oxidation states failed to further enhance such cellular activities.
Development of a multi-agent intelligent system for solving problems of classification and ranking of materials on the Internet
Authors: Burlutsky Vladimir V. , Keramov Nizam D. , Baluev Vladimir A. , Izert Mansur I. , Yakimchuk Alexander V.
Published: January 2021

The article proposes an architectural solution for intelligent information systems based on a multi-agent approach and microservice architecture. An example of using the described solution in the development of an automated intelligent search system that solves the problem of thematic classification and ranking of various sources of information on the Internet is given. The advantages and disadvantages of the developed architectural solution are described.
Travestis e o Cuidado Humanizado em Saúde
Authors: MORAES Antonia Nathalia Duarte de , SILVA Geórgia Sibele Nogueira da
Published: January 2021

Based on SUS guidelines, with principles of universality, completeness and equity, we carried out a study with the objective of identifying conceptions, desires, fears and suggestions regarding humanized health care for transvestites, in primary health care. The theoretical-methodological path was the Dialectic Hermeneutics using an in-depth interview and use of "scenes", with seven participants. The interviewees reported difficulties in accessing and using health services. In view of the difficulties encountered, in order to carry out a humanized care, we identify some necessary changes in the interlocution of health with the transvestite population: Training of health professionals, dialogue with the social movement, dissemination campaigns and the approximation with the meaning of the experience of being transvestite There is an urgent need for effective work in the training of health professionals, as well as in the daily lives of our lives, surrounded by discriminatory attitudes, in the name of commitment to suffering the other.
Revisitando Dilthey: Diálogos Teóricos e Metodológicos com a Fenomenologia e a Psicologia
Authors: MUHL Camila
Published: January 2021

Wilhelm Dilthey was a fundamental author so that the human sciences had their autonomy of method and object in relation to the natural sciences, however, their work is still little known by psychologists in Brazil, so, this article aims to disclose and discuss the work of the author, having as a cut the reverberations of his propositions for phenomenology and psychology.. The theoretical analysis, which is not intended to be an exhaustive review of the author's work, will be centered on themes: historical world, experience and a comprehensive method of research. To conclude, an imaginative exercise of what psychology would be doing today if Dilthey's position had become hegemonic in the field.
Gestalt-Musicoterapia: Ampliando o Campo
Authors: NASCIMENTO Lázaro Castro Silva
Published: January 2021

Music Therapy is an autonomous and hybrid area arising from the relation between the knowledge and the practices of arts and health fields. Because of this hybridism, it bases some of its knowledge on other disciplines and other practices such as psychotherapies and, amongst them, Gestalt therapy. The research aims to investigate relations between Music therapy and Gestalt Therapy in order to reflect about a Gestalt Music Therapy. It is an exploratory research, developed as a systematic and unsystematic bibliographical survey, as well as with theoretical and political propositions. The literature shows that although there are works in this direction, the proposal of a Gestalt Music Therapy is still little explored, especially in Brazil, and it seems that there is still little opening for professionals Music therapists to seek specific training in Gestalt therapy.
IMPACT OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS ON PORT THROUGHPUTS: AN EFFICIENCY APPROACH
Authors: AYAZ İlke Sezin , AÇIK Abdullah
Published: January 2021

With the globalization process, the obstacles to trade and capital movements have been greatly reduced and the concept of international trade has become indispensable for countries in economic, social, cultural and political aspects. In the literature, the impact of transportation infrastructures on international trade is an important issue examined. However, considering the investments only and not considering whether the transport infrastructures are used efficiently can cause misleading evaluations. This study aims to test the impact of road and rail transportation efficiencies on international trade through cargo traffic in Turkish ports. Accordingly, first of all, the efficiencies of two modes of transport were determined by Data Enve-lopment Analysis. The values obtained were then subjected to regression analysis as independent variables for port throughput. The data set consists of 15 observations on an annual basis covering the period between 2004 and 2018. The results obtained showed that the efficiencies of both modes of transport have increased in recent years and the efficiency of rail transport in port traffic is more influential.
Analysis of Financial Literation Levels of Micro Enterprises in Kulon Progo District, Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Ramadhan Dadan , Setiartiti Lilies
Published: January 2021

This research is quantitative. The population of this research was all of Micro Enterprises in Kulon Progo Regency. The sample of this research were 156 micro-entrepreneurs in the Kulonprogo district. This research used a simple random sampling technique to get the data. The researcher used a questionnaire as the instrument, which tested both its validity and its reliability. The data analysis technique used in this research is the Chi-Square test. The result showed, the majority of respondents had knowledge (79,5%), and the ability of financial literacy (80,8%) was categorized in the high-level category. There was a no different level of financial literacy for the micro-entrepreneur in Kulon Progo Regency based on the gender.
A randomised, open label comparative study of hydroxychloroquine with betamethasone oral mini pulse in the management of patients with alopecia areata
Authors: Jambusayee Jeyasudha , Sudha Kulur Mukhyaprana
Published: January 2021

Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder causing patchy hair loss on scalp and other parts of the body and leading to poor self-esteem and anxiety in patients. Treatment with topical or systemic drugs like steroids or other immunosuppressants is associated with adverse effects. Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial drug, with T cell modulating function. This study was undertaken to assess the safety, efficacy and tolerability of Hydroxychloroquine in Alopecia areata compared to betamethasone oral mini pulse (OMP) therapy. Methods: 60 patients with alopecia areata were randomized into two groups of 30 each. Control group received tab. betamethasone 5 mg/day on two consecutive days of week for 12 weeks and Study group received tab. hydroxychloroquine 200 mg/day for 12 weeks. They were followed-up for further 12 weeks. Scale of alopecia tool, dermatology life quality index and global assessment at baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks were used to assess the outcome.Results: 94 patients were screened and 60 patients were included. All patients completed the study. At the end of 12 weeks, there was a statistically significant reduction in SALT and DLQI scores in both control and study groups. But at the end of 24 weeks, the study group showed an increase in the scores. Relapses were more in the study group. No significant difference in the incidence of adverse events was noted between the two groups.Conclusions: Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg/day is less efficacious in the management of alopecia areata in comparison to betamethasone oral mini pulse therapy.
Pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its potential therapeutics
Authors: Khan Sarfaraz Alam , Siddiqui Nazeem Ishrat
Published: January 2021

A series of acute and atypical serious respiratory illnesses were reported in December 2019 from Wuhan, a city of China. It spread to other places and became a global pandemic involving more than 200 countries of the world. Soon, it was discovered that this atypical respiratory illness was caused by a novel corona virus. It was named as the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease caused by it as corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Since COVID-19 is a new viral disease, world is still struggling to find out a permanent remedy to control this serious health problem. It seems prudent to study or have a look on the pathophysiology of SARS CoV-2 in the light of available research. Further, a review on pathophysiology may give an insight on the potential therapeutic options. Being a new virus and having potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality in short span of time various approved drugs are being repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19.
Prevalence of hypothyroidism in reproductive age group in rural population of Haryana and its effects on menstrual disturbances
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Arora Geetika
Published: January 2021

Background: Menstrual disorders are a common problem in reproductive age females. These disorders may cause significant anxiety for patients and their families. Thyroid dysfunction is one of the common cause of menstrual irregularities. Aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in reproductive age group women (15-45years), describe its various modes of clinical presentation and to assess the menstrual pattern in women with hypothyroidism.Methods: Prospective observational hospital based study during a period of 6 months (January 2020 to June 2020) on patients presenting in OPD in department of obstetrics and gynaecology, SGT medical college, hospital and research institute, Budhera, Gurgaon.Results: Prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 52.6% (190 out of total 338 patients) and it increased with increasing age group. 213 patients out of total came with complains of menstrual irregularities. 49.2% with normal menstrual cycle had hypothyroidism while 60.4% presenting with irregular heavy menstrual bleeding had hypothyroidism, p value being 0.019 which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Menstrual irregularities increase with severity of hypothyroidism. So screening for thyroid dysfunction should be included in management plan of menstrual disturbances.
Retrospective clinicopathological analysis of scar endometriosis and its surgical management
Authors: Duraisamy Kavitha Yogini , Balasubramaniam Devi , Ravi Karthikha , Subramaniam Aravinth
Published: January 2021

Background: Scar endometriosis is a rare form of extrapelvic endometriosis. It is defined as presence of endometrial glands and stroma in the abdominal wall. They have a variable clinical presentation and present to various doctors. Abdominal mass along with cyclical pain is pathognomic of scar endometriosis. Objective was to analyse the clinical presentation and surgical outcomes of scar endometriosis.Methods: It was a retrospective observational study. We have collected records of 28 patients of scar endometriosis managed at GEM Hospital over a period of 3 years. Patients demographic features, previous surgery, clinical findings, surgical findings, association with pelvic endometriosis as noted on diagnostic laparoscopy, need for mesh,  recurrence rate on follow up were noted.Results: Mean age of patients was 32.1 years. History of previous caesarean surgery/hysterotomy was present in all patients. Major clinical presentation was cyclical pain. MRI or USG was done and abdominal wall lesions were demonstrated in all cases. Diagnostic laparoscopy was done in 26 of these patients and showed associated endometriosis in 9 patients. Plane of endometriosis was found to be subcutaneous for 9 cases, sheath in 7 and muscular in 12 cases. HPE was proven in all cases.Conclusions: Scar endometriosis is rare. High index of suspicion is needed for diagnosis, especially in cases of previous caesarean sections. MRI and USG are useful tools for diagnosis. Complete wide local excision of scar endometriosis is the primary modality of treatment. Diagnostic laparoscopy along with the procedure is helpful in diagnosing associated pelvic endometriosis.
Comparative study of efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxy maltose versus iron sucrose in treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Patel Roshni M. , Bhabhor Mittal B. , Pahwa Nikita R. , Ravani Simmy R.
Published: January 2021

Background: As postpartum iron deficiency anemia is observed in about 65% of women in India, it is the major contributing factor and indirect cause of maternal death. Postpartum anemia may lead to postpartum depression, stress, anxiety and cognitive impairment. Adequate treatment of anemia in postpartum period will have improved life quality in women in child bearing age so this study was designed with the objective to compare the safety and efficacy of intravenous FCM versus iron sucrose in treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia.Methods: It was a prospective observational study of postpartum women (within 10 days of delivery) with iron deficiency anemia (7-9 gm%) who delivered in LG hospital, Ahmedabad. A sample size of 215 women was estimated based on prevalence of anemia which is 65% among postpartum women in India including dropout rate of 10% which were further divided into 2 groups. Group 1: iron sucrose group, Group 2: ferric carboxy maltose group.Results: FCM has greater rise in Hb, less side effects, and easy administration of dose as compared to iron sucrose. The rise in Hb with FCM as compared to iron sucrose is (4.6 versus 3.5 respectively).Conclusions: FCM has more safety and efficacy as compared to iron sucrose in treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia.
A case report on congenital rubella syndrome
Authors: Kanagadurga M.
Published: January 2021

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a rare illness in infants that result from maternal infection with rubella virus during pregnancy. The case reported is a primigravida at 37.3 weeks of gestation with the complaints of headache, decreased urine output, bilateral pedal edema, puffiness of face and mild hydromnios suggesting pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). The previous data showed that the fetus had bone anomalies. Controversially the mother had rubella immune before 12 weeks of pregnancy but the report of nuchal translucency (NT) scan taken during 12 weeks of pregnancy was normal. On history mother denied any evidence of rubella infection during or recently before pregnancy which shows it was asymptomatic. She was treated for PIH. By lower segment caesarean section (LSCS), she delivered an alive boy baby who was acrocyanotic and had deformity in all long bones and enlarged liver. Placenta was found to be abnormal. The baby was under observation and the investigation confirmed CRS. Baby had bradycardia and was intubated on following days and found baby’s vocal cord shape was abnormal. Baby had seizures and could not tolerate weaning from ventilator. Before further investigations, the baby was discharged against medical advice. Though very rare, CRS was found to have many consequences to the fetus. Hence it is significant to rule out rubella infection for mother during or recently before pregnancy as a part of routine antenatal checkup as many of them are asymptomatic. All women should be insisted about getting vaccination for rubella minimum 28 days before planning for conception and should be abandoned for those who were already pregnant.
Busting of myths and misconceptions about breast feeding during COVID-19 pandemic and its societal importance: a brisk review
Authors: Swain Dharitri , Parida Swayam Pragyan , Das Hrushikesh
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 considered as a public health emergency of International concern and thus a pandemic with the explosive increase rate of infection worldwide and at the same time, the healthcare system is struggling for survival and the government is striving to regain the trust of the population. According to the WHO, mothers with COVID-19 or suspected COVID-19 can breastfeed their babies as long as they take appropriate precautions. Although creating awareness and providing adequate information to the mother and general public about breastfeeding benefits, still people believe in several myths and misconceptions due to fear of the COVID-19 pandemic. These personal beliefs, misconceptions, myths, and cultural practices can have a negative impact on breastfeeding which may discourage breastfeeding practice among women. This brisk review intends to compile the latest available evidence about myths, cultural practices preventing breastfeeding during COVID 19 pandemic. We searched works of literature related to breast feeding during COVID -19 published between December 2019, and August 2020, in website archive of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, World Health Organization (WHO), Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICE), journal repositories such as Google Scholar, Pub Med, Science Direct, newspaper article etc. We identified 30 studies that met the search criteria for inclusion in the review. The evidence presented here related to the common believes may alleviate the potential source of anxiety related to COVID-19 breast feeding issues who are still dependant on the societal misconception  not the evidence.