bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Ru/Y2O3 Catalyst Derived from Ru Nanoparticles on Yttrium Carbonate for Production of Hydrogen from Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Feng Ji , Wan Ningbo , Ju Xiaohua , Liu Lin , Bai Liguang , Zhao Xiaodong , He Teng
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen production from the decomposition of ammonia is one of the promising methods to solve the problem of hydrogen storage and transportation. Currently, ruthenium‐based catalysts are widely recognized as highly active catalysts for ammonia decomposition reactions. Here, Ru nanoparticles (NPs) on yttrium oxide derived from yttrium carbonate precursor (c‐Y2O3) was successfully prepared by the impregnation method. A hydrogen production rate up to 31.5 mmol gcat−1 min−1 can be obtained over the 5% Ru/c‐Y2O3 catalyst at 450 °C with a weight hour space velocity (WHSV) of 30000 mL gcat−1 h−1, and the activity is stable during a test period of 120 h. The catalysts were characterized by a series of techniques such as TEM, CO‐chemisorption, XPS, and CO2‐TPD. Characterization results reveal that high metal dispersion of Ru NPs, strong metal support interaction, high concentration of oxygen vacancies, and suitable basicity of Ru/c‐Y2O3 catalyst all strongly influence on the catalytic performance in ammonia decomposition. NH3 temperature‐programmed surface reaction (NH3‐TPSR) results indicate that a strong NH3 adsorption activation and binding desorption of nitrogen ability on the surface of Ru/c‐Y2O3 catalysts are also beneficial for the high activity. These results provide a reference for the design of efficient Ru‐based ammonia decomposition catalysts for hydrogen production by tuning the precursor of Y2O3 support.
Stereoselective Gridization of Ladder‐Type Grids with Four Chiral Centers
Authors: Li Yang , Pu Yueting , Zhang Zheng , Tao Fangju , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Jingrui , Chen Xin , Gao Yuezheng , Wei Ying , Xie Linghai
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive Summary

To address the stereoselective synthesis challenge in π‐stacked grids with four chiral centers, we utilized coplanar and highly rigid 11,12‐dihydroindeno[2,1‐a]fluorene‐11,12‐diol and 2,2'‐bithiophene as synthons, employing Friedel‐Crafts gridization (FCG). Leveraging the supramolecular interactions of S···S and π···π within the thiophene moiety, along with the steric effect of the 11,12‐dihydroindeno[2,1‐a]fluorene scaffold, we successfully achieved the exclusive generation of a single isomer of Ladder‐type π‐stacked grids (LGs‐IF) containing six theoretical isomers. By subsequently substituting 2,2'‐bithiophene with thiophene/bithiophene derivatives as synthons, we maintained an exceptionally high level of stereoselectivity. This study introduces a novel approach for the stereo‐controlled preparation of grids involving multi‐chiral centers.
Tumor‐Associated Carbohydrate Antigen 19–9 (CA 19–9), a Promising Target for Antibody‐Based Detection, Diagnosis, and Immunotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Nakisa Athar , Sempere Lorenzo F. , Chen Xi , Qu Linda T. , Woldring Daniel , Crawford Howard C. , Huang Xuefei
Published: September 2024

Carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA 19–9) also known as sialyl Lewis A is a tetrasaccharide overexpressed on a wide range of cancerous cells. CA 19–9 has been detected at elevated levels in sera of patients with various types of malignancies, most prominently pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. After its identification in 1979, multiple studies have highlighted the significant roles of CA 19–9 in cancer progression, including facilitating extravasation and eventually metastases, proliferation of cancer cells, and suppression of the immune system. Therefore, CA 19–9 has been considered an attractive target for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This review discusses the synthesis of CA 19–9 antigen, elicitation of antibodies through vaccination, development of anti‐CA 19–9 monoclonal antibodies, and their applications as imaging tracers and therapeutics for a variety of CA 19–9‐positive cancer.
Relative Bioavailability of Sotorasib Following Administration as a Water Dispersion to Healthy Subjects and Compatibility With Enteral Administration
Authors: Cardona Panli , Spring Marintan , Bao Jiemin , Xie Yong , Houk Brett
Published: September 2024

Sotorasib is approved to be taken as 960 mg orally once daily (8 × 120‐mg tablets) for the treatment of KRAS G12C‐mutated nonsmall cell lung cancer. Dispersion of tablets in water could be an alternative method for patients who require a liquid formulation due to dysphagia and enteral administration. A clinical study was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics of 960 mg of sotorasib administered as tablets and as tablets dispersed in water in healthy volunteers. Each subject received 960 mg of sotorasib by mouth, as tablets and as tablets dispersed in water on Days 1 and 4. Sotorasib median time to maximum observed plasma concentration was similar when administered as tablets and as tablets predispersed in water. The geometric least squares mean ratios (water dispersion/tablets) for area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity and maximum observed plasma concentration were 1.049 and 1.080, respectively. Sotorasib 960 mg was well tolerated. Administration of 960 mg of sotorasib as tablets predispersed in water achieved similar systemic exposures to that of sotorasib administered as oral tablets. In vitro evaluations were performed to assess the feasibility of administering sotorasib through an enteral feeding tube. Approximately 98% of sotorasib was recovered, with no new impurities, from enteral feeding tubes. Collectively, these results support that sotorasib can be administered by mouth and via enteral feeding tubes as tablets predispersed in water.
Preparation of Novel Hierarchical Catalysts by Simultaneous Generation of β‐Zeolite and Mesoporous Silica for Catalytic Cracking
Authors: Oshimura Haruna , Tanaka Shuuma , Nagata Shouya , Matsuura Shinya , Hashimoto Tadanori , Ishihara Atsushi
Published: September 2024

The gel skeletal reinforcement (GSR) method was applied at the preparation stage of β‐zeolite to prepare a novel hierarchical catalyst. A solution of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) and acetic anhydride, a GSR reagent, was added to the mixture of colloidal silica, sodium aluminate, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and water, and successive aging and hydrothermal treatment gave microporous β‐zeolite surrounded by mesoporous silica like core‐shell structure. Its properties were characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, NH3‐TPD, TEM, and TG‐DTA measurements, and further characteristics of the catalysts produced were clarified by the catalytic cracking of n‐dodecane. The hierarchical structure of microporous zeolite and mesoporous silica was shown from GSR‐2.9HS−H‐Beta to GSR‐3.2HS−H‐Beta, where the molar ratio of HMDS and silica source of β‐zeolite was 2.9~3.2 : 100. It was found that in the catalytic cracking of n‐dodecane, the relative activity (the conversion per the amount of zeolite crystals) increased with the increase in mesopore volume and surface area. The result indicated that the introduction of mesopores was effective even in catalytic cracking of small molecule of n‐dodecane.
Identifying the role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between quality management and sustainability: Evidence from the tourism industry
Authors: López‐Gamero María D. , Molina‐Azorín José F. , Tarí Juan José , Pereira‐Moliner Jorge
Published: September 2024

Firms need to develop dynamic capabilities to anticipate, adapt and respond to a changing competitive environment. Quality management, absorptive capacity and sustainability can act as dynamic capabilities, helping firms to adapt better and more quickly to new stakeholder demands. Some dynamic capabilities can help develop others. The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of quality management and absorptive capacity as enablers and drivers of environmental, economic and social sustainability development, and to study the mediating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between quality management and the three dimensions of sustainability. Through structural equation modelling and using data from Spanish hotels, this study adds value to the dynamic capabilities theory by empirically demonstrating that quality management and absorptive capacity, used together, positively influence (directly or indirectly) the environmental, economic and social sustainability of hotels in order to reduce their environmental impact, and improve the social well‐being of stakeholders and the economic development of the region.
Oxygen‐doped FeP on Ti Foil with Ti3O Interlayer for Efficient and Durable Electrolysis
Authors: Yuan Yanqi , Zhong Boan , Wang Kun , Liu Jing , Zhao Liping , Chen Han , Sun Yanting , Zhang Peng , Gao Lian
Published: September 2024

The development of electrocatalysts with low cost, high efficiency, and long‐term durability is crucial for advancing green hydrogen production. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have been proved to be efficient electrocatalyst, while the improvement in the performance and durability of the TMPs remains a big challenge. Employing atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) and phosphorization, FeP/Ti electrodes are fabricated featuring controllable oxygen ingredients (O‐FeP/Ti). This manipulation of oxygen content fine‐tunes the electronic structure of the catalyst, resulting in improved surface reaction kinetics and catalytic activity. The optimized O‐FeP‐400/Ti exhibits outstanding HER activity with overpotentials of 142 and 159 mV at −10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M KOH, respectively. Notably, the obtained O‐FeP/Ti cathode also displays remarkable durability of up to 200 h in acidic electrolyte with surface topography remaining intact. For the first time, the low‐valence titanium oxide (Ti3O) interlayer is identified in the composite electrode and ascribed for the superior connection between Ti substrate and the surface O‐FeP catalyst, as supported by experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) analysis. This work has expanded the potential applications of transition metal phosphides (TMPs) as a cost‐effective, highly efficient and durable catalyst for water splitting.
Unity Power Factor Control of Single‐Phase Boost Rectifier Based on Dual Heterodyne Method
Authors: Zhong Liping , Hu Song
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a novel control method to achieve the true unity power factor for a single‐phase boost rectifier. Firstly, the phase difference between the voltage and current on the AC side is calculated by the heterodyne method. Secondly, this phase difference is fed into an integral regulator to get a phase shift angle. Finally, by using the heterodyne method once again, the AC side current is phase‐shifted and used as the modulation signal for the single‐phase full bridge rectifier circuit and ultimately yields a unity power factor. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of this strategy.
Applications of artificial intelligence in geothermal resource exploration: A review
Authors: AlGaiar Mahmoud , Hossain Mamdud , Petrovski Andrei , Lashin Aref , Faisal Nadimul
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly important in geothermal exploration, significantly improving the efficiency of resource identification. This review examines current AI applications, focusing on the algorithms used, the challenges addressed, and the opportunities created. In addition, the review highlights the growth of machine learning applications in geothermal exploration over the past decade, demonstrating how AI has improved the analysis of subsurface data to identify potential resources. AI techniques such as neural networks, support vector machines, and decision trees are used to estimate subsurface temperatures, predict rock and fluid properties, and identify optimal drilling locations. In particular, neural networks are the most widely used technique, further contributing to improved exploration efficiency. However, the widespread adoption of AI in geothermal exploration is hindered by challenges, such as data accessibility, data quality, and the need for tailored data science training for industry professionals. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of data engineering methodologies, data scaling, and standardization to enable the development of accurate and generalizable AI models for geothermal exploration. It is concluded that the integration of AI into geothermal exploration holds great promise for accelerating the development of geothermal energy resources. By effectively addressing key challenges and leveraging AI technologies, the geothermal industry can unlock cost‐effective and sustainable power generation opportunities.
A Pd(II) Complex Exhibiting Tetradentate NHC‐Phosphine Ligand: On Route to Unconventional Phosphonium Ylide Derivatives
Authors: Willot Jérémy , Taakili Rachid , Ameskal Mohammad , Duhayon Carine , Lugan Noël , Canac Yves , Valyaev Dmitry A.
Published: September 2024

Unusual open‐chain tetradentate NHC‐phosphine pre‐ligand [Ph2PCH(Ph)ImCH2ImC(H)PhPPh2](BF4)2 was prepared in a good yield by metal‐mediated approach starting from Mn(I) complex [Cp(CO)2Mn(η2‐Ph2P=C(H)Ph)](BF4) and bis(imidazole) derivative ImCH2Im. Its reaction with Pd(OAc)2 afforded dicationic Pd(II) complex of bis(NHC)bis(phosphine) ligand adopting κ4PĈĈP coordination mode as a mixture of two diastereomers. The deprotonation of the C(H)Ph ligand bridge in the latter using KN(SiMe3)2 as base provided stable complex exhibiting unconventional phosphonium ylide moiety, whereas all attempts to detect the corresponding bis(ylide) derivative failed.
Organocatalyzed Electrochemical Enantioselective α‐Alkylation of Aldehydes with 9,10‐Dihydroacridines
Authors: He Jin‐Yu , Wang Na‐Na , Zhao Ruinan , Kong Ling‐Xuan , Zhu Cuiju , Mei Tian‐Sheng , Xu Hao
Published: September 2024

Acridine scaffolds are present in biological and pharmaceutical molecules. However, achieving asymmetric functionalization of acridines remains challenging without an efficient and highly stereoselective approach. Here we demonstrate a facile electrooxidative asymmetric dehydrogenative coupling reaction of 9,10‐dihydroacridines with aldehydes. This method offers a sustainable and effective route to various chiral α‐alkylation of 9,10‐dihydroacridines in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities facilitated by readily available aminocatalyst. Detailed mechanistic studies and cyclic voltammetric analyses reveal that this asymmetric electrochemical reaction proceeds through redox‐mediated oxidation, followed by a nucleophilic attack with concurrently generated enamine. We anticipate that our research will open avenues for promising exploration in organocatalyzed electrochemical enantioselective transformations.
Metal‐Free α‐(Hetero)Arylation of Amides Enabled Access to Diaryl Acetamides via Umpolung
Authors: Zhang Wei , Han Shuai , Zeng Yao‐Fu , Han Fang
Published: September 2024

A metal‐free α‐(hetero)arylation of aryloxy‐activated amides for access to diaryl‐acetamides was developed. This base‐mediated arylation reaction features mild reaction conditions and broad functional groups tolerance. The scope of (hetero)arylating reagents includes indoles, pyrroles, furan, N, N‐dimethylanilines, and electron‐rich benzenes. The applicability of this protocol was demonstrated by the gram‐scale experiment and the derivatization of the target products.
Never again: Lessons of genocide in survivor testimonies from the Holocaust, Nanjing massacre and Rwandan genocide
Authors: Vollhardt Johanna Ray , Konushevci Trina , Macedonci Amer , Lee Hyomin
Published: September 2024

In the aftermath of traumatic events, individuals and groups seek to make sense of these experiences. ‘Never again’ is often considered the primary lesson of genocide. Yet, people may understand this lesson in different ways, and other lessons may also be relevant. The present paper reports a qualitative content analysis of publicly available testimonies from survivors of the Holocaust, the Rwandan Genocide and the Nanjing Massacre (N = 200), examining the lessons of genocide that these survivors shared publicly. We identified six broad categories of lessons that were represented across contexts and extended the lessons commonly considered: Lessons on the individual and interpersonal level, on the ingroup level, the (inclusive) intergroup level, the universal level, and concerning both collective memories and the future. These lessons go beyond ‘never again’ and show different individual and societal obligations and insights that survivors sharing their testimony deem most important to learn from their experience of genocide.
Investigating pedagogical opportunities of educational technologies in developing countries: Physics Education Technology workshops for Bangladeshi science, technology, engineering and mathematics teachers
Authors: Toma Mohosina Jabin , Tembrevilla Gerald , Milner‐Bolotin Marina
Published: September 2024

Recently, an unprecedented number of people worldwide gained access to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education technologies. However, educators in developing countries encounter distinct challenges when attempting to incorporate these innovations into their practice. This mixed‐method study investigates the adoption of Physics Education Technology (PhET) computer simulations by secondary STEM teachers in Bangladesh. The study explored the challenges these educators face in learning to integrate PhET‐enhanced pedagogies and to assess the potential of this technology in developing nations. The primary researcher, a native Bangladeshi science educator, facilitated 3 h long workshops for 129 teachers, enabling the team to gather unique insights. Data collection encompassed online questionnaires, observations, and interviews. The analysis uncovered struggles faced by teachers which include limited pedagogical skills and subject knowledge, constrained lesson time, insufficient school support, restricted access to technology, and poor technological expertise. Despite these difficulties, educators acknowledged the potential of PhET‐enhanced pedagogies to improve student engagement. This study suggests that developing nations can leverage PhET's offline accessibility, wealth of teaching resources, and diverse language options within simulations to realize significant benefits. To address the identified challenges, we recommend translating PhET resources into native languages, developing instructional videos, employing flipped classroom methodologies, providing additional teacher training, and establishing professional learning communities. Moreover, the research underscores the potential of PhET to advance STEM education not only in Bangladesh but also in other developing countries with similar circumstances. Future studies could explore the impact of professional learning communities on facilitating the integration of technology to enhance STEM learning.
Ginkgo biloba active compounds can modulate the development of acute mountain sickness and ischemic stroke as discovered by network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Guo Haoran , Kang Xueran , Xu Ying , Wang Chengbin , Wang Chi
Published: September 2024

Background

A combination of molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and herbal network pharmacology was used to investigate the shared key targets and potential mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of Ginkgo biloba active compounds against acute mountain sickness (AMS) and ischemic stroke (IS).

Material and Methods

The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform was used to screen the main active compounds of Ginkgo biloba and their corresponding targets. We obtained AMS‐related genes by mining several databases and cross‐correlated them with key active compounds of Ginkgo biloba to identify relevant action targets for treating AMS. The STRING database was used to construct a protein–protein interaction network of the effect of Ginkgo biloba active compounds on AMS targets. The expression of genes in the network was analyzed in an IS dataset to identify common key targets of Ginkgo biloba active compounds for both AMS and IS prevention.

Results

The intersection between the targets of Ginkgo biloba active compounds and AMS‐related genes identified 43 overlapping genes. Analysis of the protein–protein interaction network showed that VEGFA, TP53, SERPINE1, and PTGS2 were among the key hub genes. Analysis of the IS dataset identified significant differences in the expression levels of CAT, TP53, CXCL8, NFKBIA, and PTGS2. These genes were used to construct a visual nomogram prediction model for IS prognosis with promising clinical implications. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that sesamin stably targeted and bound to PTGS2.

Conclusions

Active ingredients of Ginkgo biloba, including luteolin, quercetin, and sesamin, have the potential to modulate the development of AMS and IS through targeted interactions with key proteins, including TP53, CXCL8, NFKBIA, PTGS2, and CAT.
Sphingolipid metabolites as potential circulating biomarkers for sarcopenia in men
Authors: Seo Je Hyun , Koh Jung‐Min , Cho Han Jin , Kim Hanjun , Lee Young‐Sun , Kim Su Jung , Yoon Pil Whan , Kim Won , Bae Sung Jin , Kim Hong‐Kyu , Yoo Hyun Ju , Lee Seung Hun
Published: September 2024

Background

Sarcopenia is an age‐related progressive loss of muscle mass and function. Sarcopenia is a multifactorial disorder, including metabolic disturbance; therefore, metabolites may be used as circulating biomarkers for sarcopenia. We aimed to investigate potential biomarkers of sarcopenia using metabolomics.

Methods

After non‐targeted metabolome profiling of plasma from mice of an aging mouse model of sarcopenia, sphingolipid metabolites and muscle cells from the animal model were evaluated using targeted metabolome profiling. The associations between sphingolipid metabolites identified from mouse and cell studies and sarcopenia status were assessed in men in an age‐matched discovery (72 cases and 72 controls) and validation (36 cases and 128 controls) cohort; women with sarcopenia (36 cases and 36 controls) were also included as a discovery cohort.

Results

Both non‐targeted and targeted metabolome profiling in the experimental studies showed an association between sphingolipid metabolites, including ceramides (CERs) and sphingomyelins (SMs), and sarcopenia. Plasma SM (16:0), CER (24:1), and SM (24:1) levels in men with sarcopenia were significantly higher in the discovery cohort than in the controls (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma sphingolipid levels for women with or without sarcopenia. In men in the discovery cohort, an area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of SM (16:0) for low muscle strength and low muscle mass was 0.600 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.501–0.699) and 0.647 (95% CI: 0.557–0.737). The AUROC (95% CI) of CER (24:1) and SM (24:1) for low muscle mass in men was 0.669 (95% CI: 0.581–0.757) and 0.670 (95% CI: 0.582–0.759), respectively. Using a regression equation combining CER (24:1) and SM (16:0) levels, a sphingolipid (SphL) score was calculated; an AUROC of the SphL score for sarcopenia was 0.712 (95% CI: 0.626–0.798). The addition of the SphL score to HGS significantly improved the AUC from 0.646 (95% CI: 0.575–0.717; HGS only) to 0.751 (95% CI: 0.671–0.831, P = 0.002; HGS + SphL) in the discovery cohort. The predictive ability of the SphL score for sarcopenia was confirmed in the validation cohort (AUROC = 0.695, 95% CI: 0.591–0.799).

Conclusions

SM (16:0), reflecting low muscle strength, and CER (24:1) and SM (16:0), reflecting low muscle mass, are potential circulating biomarkers for sarcopenia in men. Further research on sphingolipid metabolites is required to confirm these results and provide additional insights into the metabolomic changes relevant to the pathogenesis and diagnosis of sarcopenia.
Comparison of Zybio Kit and saponin in‐house method in rapid identification of bacteria from positive blood cultures by EXS2600 matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry system
Authors: Peras Mislav , Mareković Ivana , Kuliš Tomislav , Markanović Manda , Budimir Ana
Published: September 2024

We evaluated the performance of Zybio EXS2600 matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) (Zybio Inc., Chongqing, China) for the identification of bacteria from positive blood culture (BC) bottles using Blood Culture Positive Sample Pretreatment Kit (Zybio Inc., Chongqing, China) in comparison to an in‐house saponin method. Following a positive signal by the BACTEC™ FX system, confirmation of identification was achieved using subcultured growing biomass used for MALDI‐TOF MS analysis. A total of 94 positive BC bottles with 97 bacterial isolates were analyzed. The overall identification rates at the genus and species levels for the saponin method were 89.7% (87/97) and 74.2% (72/97), respectively. With the Zybio Kit, 88.7% (86/97) and 80.4% (78/97) of microorganisms were correctly identified to the genus and species levels, respectively. The saponin method identified 65.3% (32/49) of Gram‐positive bacteria at the species level, whereas the Zybio Kit achieved a higher species‐level identification rate of 79.6% (39/49) (p = 0.1153). The saponin method with additional on‐plate formic acid extraction showed a significantly higher overall identification rate in comparison to the saponin method without that step for both genus (87.6% [85/97] vs. 70.1% [68/97], p = 0.0029) and species level (70.1% [68/97] vs. 46.4% [45/97], p = 0.0008). Identification rates of Gram‐negative bacteria showed a higher identification rate, however, not statistically significant with additional Zybio Kit protocol step on both genus (85.4% [41/48] vs. 81.3% [39/48], p = 0.5858) and species level (77.1% [37/48] vs. 75% [36/48], p = 0.8120). Zybio Kit could offer an advantage in species‐level identification, particularly for Gram‐positive bacteria. The inclusion of on‐plate formic acid extraction in the saponin method notably enhanced identification at both genus and species levels for Gram‐positive bacteria. The extended protocol provided by the Zybio Kit could potentially offer an advantage in the identification of Gram‐negative bacteria at both genus and species levels. Enhancements to the Zybio EXS2600 MALDI‐TOF instrument software database are necessary.
Biological factors and production challenges drive significant UK fruit and vegetable loss
Authors: Gage Ewan , Terry Leon A. , Falagán Natalia
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Food loss and waste estimates are highly inconsistent as a result of methodological and systemic differences. Additionally, the absence of in‐depth evidence surrounding the biological drivers of food loss and waste precludes targeted mitigation action. To address this challenge, we undertook a metanalysis utilising a systematic literature review combined with industry stakeholder surveys to examine the incidence of food loss and waste in the UK fruit and vegetable supply chain between primary production and retail.

RESULTS

We estimated that 37% of fruit and vegetables, equivalent to 2.4 Mt of produce, is lost between production and sale. In the UK, primary production is the main stage responsible for these losses (58%), and is dominated by four crops (apple, onion, carrot and potato), which contribute 71% of total food loss and waste. Quality and supply/demand mismatch are the core drivers, combined with limited ability to control postharvest quality decline as a result of technical or economic barriers.

CONCLUSIONS

Innate biological mechanisms contribute to, and detract from, marketable quality generating food loss risks where these cannot be adequately modified or controlled. Through climate change effects, reduced pesticide availability, changing consumer behaviour and increased pressure to reduce resource/energy inputs during pre‐ and postharvest handling, food loss and waste risk is likely to increase in the short term unless targeted, coordinated action is taken to actively promote its mitigation. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of soy protein isolate interaction with brown rice starch on the multiscale structure of brown rice bread
Authors: Wang Yuan‐yuan , Yang Yang , Bian Xin , Ma Chun‐min , Ren Li‐kun , Fu Yu , Liu Bao‐xiang , Fu Jia‐ning , Shi Yan‐guo , Zhang Na
Published: September 2024

Background

Gluten‐free bread (GFB) has technical bottlenecks such as hard texture, rough taste and low nutrition in practical production. In order to solve these problems, this study used germinated brown rice starch as the main raw material, and investigated the effects of soybean isolate protein (SPI) on the multiscale structure of germinated brown rice starch and bread quality.

Results

A gluten‐free rice bread process simulation system was established, and the interaction between SPI and starch in the simulation system was characterized. The result shows that the interaction forces between SPI and germinated brown rice starch were mainly represented by hydrogen bonds, and with the addition of SPI, the crystallinity of starch showed a downward trend. At the same time, when the amount of SPI was 3%, the appearance quality was the best and the specific volume of bread was 1.08 mL g−1. When the amount of SPI was 6%, the texture quality was the best. Compared with the bread without SPI, the hardness of the bread with 6% SPI was reduced by 0.13 times, the springiness was increased by 0.03 times, the color was the most vibrant, the L* value being 1.02 times the original, and the baking loss was reduced to 0.98 times the original.

Conclusions

The interaction force between SPI and germinated brown rice starch and its effect on bread quality were clarified, and these results inform choices about providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of higher‐quality GFB. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
In vitro and in vivo effects of Galectin‐3 inhibitor TD139 on inflammation and ERK/JNK/p38 pathway in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Xia Ji , Wang Yan , Qi Bang‐Ruo
Published: September 2024

This study aims to investigate the effects of the Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) inhibitor TD139 on inflammation and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 pathway in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Human placental tissues were treated with TD139 and TNF‐α, assessing Gal‐3, ERK/JNK/p38 activation, and inflammatory cytokines. GDM was induced in mice via subcutaneous injections of streptozotocin (STZ). After confirming GDM, mice were treated with 15 mg/kg TD139 on GD 10.5 12.5, 14.5, 16.5, and 18.5. Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured on GD 20.5, and post‐delivery placental tissues were analyzed. Data were analyzed using one‐way or two‐way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc tests. TD139 suppressed TNF‐α‐induced increases in Gal‐3, IL‐1β, IL‐6, MCP‐1, and ERK/JNK/p38 activation in placental tissues. In STZ‐induced GDM mice, TD139 reduced glucose levels, weight loss, and food and water intake. TD139 significantly lowered TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and MCP‐1 in serum and placental tissues and inhibited the ERK/JNK/p38 pathway. TD139 improved pup numbers in GDM mice compared to untreated ones. TD139 reduces inflammation and inhibits the ERK/JNK/p38 pathway in TNF‐α stimulated placental tissues and STZ‐induced GDM mice, suggesting its therapeutic potential for managing GDM‐related placental inflammation and improving pregnancy outcomes. The study used TNF‐α to mimic GDM in placental tissues and an STZ‐induced GDM mouse model, which may not fully represent human GDM complexity. Future research should explore alternative models, and broader signaling pathways, and thoroughly evaluate TD139's safety in pregnancy.
Rethinking Surgical Margins: A New Approach to Predict Outcomes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dudkiewicz Dean , Yosefof Eyal , Shpitzer Thomas , Mizrachi Aviram , Yehuda Moshe , Shoffel‐Havakuk Hagit , Bachar Gideon
Published: September 2024

Objective

The traditional categorical division of surgical margins using a 5 mm cutoff in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is controversial. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the presence of an optimal cutoff point or, alternatively, assess the potential improvement in predictive value by considering the surgical margins as a continuum.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of OCSCC patients at a tertiary medical center in 1995–2020. Clinical, pathological, and surgical data were evaluated for effect on survivability by regression analyses.

Results

The cohort included 266 patients (48.1% male, mean age 65.4 ± 17.7). Patient stratification by categorical margin status yielded no significant between‐group differences in survival (p = 0.54). Significance was achieved when margin distance was reevaluated as a continuous variable (p = 0.0018). Similar results were shown in local control (categorical p = 0.59 vs. continuous p = 0.06). Multivariate model excluded possible confounders. A predictive model was created to provide a more accurate prediction of survival.

Conclusions

The continuum spectrum of margin distance better predicts survival outcomes and locoregional control in OCSCC.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2024
In Situ Fabrication of Multi‐Site Contacted Perovskite/Organic Hybrid Color Converter for Indoor Lighting and Light Communication
Authors: Yao Tianliang , Yang Zhi , Gu Linyuan , Yao Jisong , Wang Shalong , Fan Wenxuan , Nong Yingyi , Song Jizhong
Published: September 2024

Designing fast‐response and efficient color converter is of significance for indoor white light‐emitting diode (WLED) lighting and visible light communication (i.e., Light Fidelity, LiFi) application. Green‐emitting CsPbBr3 quantum dots combined with red organic emitters are promising candidates. However, organic emitters cannot offer an adequate red emission intensity when they have a low weight fraction in the color converter. Herein, a multi‐site contacted CsPbBr3/organic color converter is fabricated with an efficient red emission via an in situ solid‐phase fabrication technique. It is found that the multi‐site contacted color converter has a 2.1 times higher red emission intensity compared to the physically mixed hybrid due to a more efficient energy transfer from CsPbBr3 to organic emitters. Resultantly, the multi‐site contacted WLED exhibits a color rendering index (CRI) of 86 and a luminous efficacy (LE) of 100 lm W−1, which are much higher than the physically mixed hybrid with a CRI of 49 and a LE of 60 lm W−1. In addition, WLEDs present a superior visible light communication capability, evidenced by an opened‐eye diagram at the data rate of 5 Mbps. This study indicates the design and fabrication of perovskite/organic color converter are significant for constructing efficient and fast‐response WLEDs for the indoor LiFi application.
The Effect of Immobilization Methods of P9‐4 Antimicrobial Peptide Onto Gelatin Methacrylate on Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria: A Comparative Study
Authors: Pulat Günnur , Çelebi Nisa Nilsu , Bilgiç Eda
Published: September 2024

Wound dressings play a crucial role in wound management by providing a protective barrier and creating an optimal environment for healing. Photocrosslinkable hydrogels, such as gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), have gained attention for their unique properties but often lack antimicrobial activity. To enhance their effectiveness, researchers are exploring methods to incorporate antimicrobial agents into photocrosslinkable hydrogel dressings. Immobilization of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) onto hydrogel matrices may be achieved through physical or chemical methods. Although, chemical immobilization, using techniques like EDC/NHS chemistry, has shown promise in enhancing antimicrobial properties of hydrogels, the capacity for immobilization may be limited by the structure of hydrogel. Physical methods, such as immersing, offer alternatives but may have different efficacy and biocompatibility. The study aims to chemically immobilize GelMA with P9‐4 AMP by photoinduced conjugation and EDC/NHS chemistry and compare its antimicrobial efficacy with a physical immobilization method. Chemical immobilization by EDC/NHS chemistry significantly enhances the antimicrobial effect of GelMA hydrogels against multi‐drug resistant Psuedomonas aeruginosa (MDR P. aeruginosa) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) while maintaining favorable biocompatibility. Study highlights the potential of AMP‐functionalized GelMA as advanced wound dressings for reducing infections caused by antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and offers a promising approach for future research in wound management.
Resveratrol: Challenges and prospects in extraction and hybridization with nanoparticles, polymers, and bio‐ceramics
Authors: Ben Dassi Roua , Ibidhi Salah , Jemai Hedya , Cherif Ameur , Driouich Chaouachi Rim
Published: September 2024

Resveratrol (RSV), a bioactive natural phenolic compound found in plants, fruits, and vegetables, has garnered significant attention in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its remarkable biological and pharmacological activities. Despite its potential in treating various diseases, its poor pharmacokinetic properties, such as low solubility, stability, bioavailability, and susceptibility to rapid oxidation, limit its biomedical applications. Recent advancements focus on incorporating resveratrol into innovative materials like nanoparticles, polymers, and bio‐ceramics to enhance its properties and bioavailability. In this review, an exhaustive literature search was conducted from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to explore these advancements, to compares conventional and innovative extraction methods, and to highlights resveratrol's therapeutic potential, including its anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, anti‐cancerogenic, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and cardio‐protective properties. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of hybrid materials combining resveratrol with nanoparticles, polymers, and bio‐ceramics for therapeutic applications. Rigorous studies are still needed to confirm their clinical efficacy.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of critical thinking training on critical thinking skills and academic achievement by using mixed‐meta method
Authors: Batdı Veli , Elaldı Şenel , Özçelik Ceyda , Semerci Nuriye , Özkaya Özlem Miraç
Published: September 2024

Critical thinking is among the basic skills for learning needed in the twenty‐first century. In order to develop students' critical thinking skills, it is very important to include different teaching practices in education that will enable them to think critically. The impact of these practices on learners is also curious. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of critical thinking training (CTT) on critical thinking skills and academic achievement with the mixed‐meta method. As a result of the literature review, quantitative (meta‐analysis) and qualitative (meta‐thematic analysis) findings were obtained. Quantitative studies scanned from some databases in line with certain criteria were analysed with CMA 2.0 and MetaWin programs, and learning level, implementation process and course area moderator analyses were conducted. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the effect sizes of critical thinking‐based practices on learners' academic achievement and critical thinking skills were positive with a large‐scale effect at a large level. Qualitative studies on the other hand were analysed with the Maxqda program. As a result of the analysis, the emerging themes were found to be ‘the effect of CTT on the cognitive domain’, ‘the effect of CTT on the affective domain’, ‘the effect of CTT on the social domain’, ‘the effect of CTT on the delivery of the course’, ‘suggestions for CTT’ and ‘the problems encountered in CTT’. The findings revealed that CTT had a positive effect on academic achievement and development of critical thinking skills.

Context and implications

Rationale for this study

This literature review provides evidence of the effect of critical thinking training on academic achievement and critical thinking skills.

Why the new findings matter

The review demonstrates that the effect sizes of critical thinking‐based practices on learners' academic achievement and critical thinking skills were positive, with a large‐scale effect at a large level.

Implications for education programmes and researchers

Considering the results obtained that critical thinking practices have a positive effect on academic achievement and critical thinking skills, it can be suggested that more activities and content be prepared in primary and secondary education programmes that will enable students to develop their critical thinking skills. Since more general and comprehensive results can be obtained in terms of qualitative and quantitative aspects with mixed‐meta analysis, it may be recommended to use the relevant method in different subject areas for future research.
Removal of Methylene Blue by Peanut Shell Biochar/Ag3PO4/AgI Composite with Synergic Adsorption/Photocatalysis
Authors: Li Xiao‐fang , Wu Song‐ze , Zhao Yu‐ru , Feng Xiao‐qiang
Published: September 2024

As an effective means to promote photoinduced carrier separation, the construction of Z‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts can be widely used for the degradation of organic pollutants. In this work, an innovative peanut shell biochar/Ag3PO4/AgI ternary composite was prepared, and the chemical compositions, structural morphology, optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the photocatalyst were characterized. The peanut shell biochar/Ag3PO4/AgI composite delivered a high photodegradation efficiency of MB at 99.7 % in 60 min with kinetic constant of 0.0366 min−1, which is about 3.81, 9.89, and 1.17 times that Ag3PO4 (0.0096 min−1), AgI (0.0037 min−1) and Ag3PO4/AgI (0.0313 min−1), respectively. Meanwhile, the composite also exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for methyl orange, rhodamine B, congo red, tetracycline and ofloxacin. Based on radical capture experiments and photoelectrochemical test, the possible photocatalytic mechanism was revealed. Compared with monomers, biochar/Ag3PO4/AgI exhibits higher photocatalytic degradation activity under visible light irradiation, which was due to the introduction of electron‐transporting biochar into the composite, and the formation of heterostructure between Ag3PO4 and AgI, which enhance the separation rate of photoinduced carriers. The excellent stability and photocatalytic activity make peanut shell biochar/Ag3PO4/AgI an ideal photocatalyst to solve environmental crisis.
Predicting the Yield of Pd‐Catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig Amination Using Machine Learning with Extended Molecular Fingerprints and Selected Physical Parameters
Authors: Zhao WeiRen , Li Yang
Published: September 2024

Machine learning has gained attention due to its ongoing advancements and diverse applications. Within the field of homogeneous catalysis, a prominent area of research in machine learning revolves around predicting reaction yield in Pd‐catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig amination reactions. This study sought to determine the optimal descriptors for representing the both structural and physical information associated with the reaction, particularly focusing on product details. To achieve this, we assessed the utilization of product extended molecular fingerprints (PEMF) and selected physical parameters (SPP). The utilization of a random forest model incorporating these descriptors yielded promising results in the prediction of reaction yields in Pd‐catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig amination reactions. The model achieved an impressive R2 value of 0.943. Data preprocessing on PEMF and sorting preprocessing on physical parameters resulted in a significant reduction in data size to 259 bits PEMF+2 SPPs per prediction, much less than the two previous random forest models which utilized 480 physical parameters and 21,073 bits molecular fingerprints. Although establishing definitive correlations between SPPs and reaction yield presented challenges, our findings indicate that the presence of heavier atoms in the aryl halides may have a beneficial impact within the examined Pd‐catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig amination reactions, as compared to their analogues.
Measuring software engineer's contribution in practice: An industrial experience report
Authors: Li Yue , Zhang He , Yang Lanxin , Dong Liming , Zhang Juzheng , Liu Bohan
Published: September 2024

Software engineers play a centric role throughout the software development lifecycle. Their activities directly impact the quality, performance, and successful delivery of software products, in particular for enterprises with an emphasis on high levels of quality assurance and timely delivery. Proper incentives that motivate software engineers are vital to secure and continuously improve development productivity and software quality. However, most existing research ignores the positive incentives for software engineers, especially industry‐oriented research. In addition, existing research largely relies on peer assessment and lacks objectivity and transparency. To this end, this study investigates the process of contribution measurement for software engineers in a global Information and Communications Technology (ICT) enterprise, to explore the practical experiences and significance of contribution measurement. We investigated the practices of contribution measurement through multiple methods, including archival analysis, interviews, and survey. A total of 22 software engineers were interviewed to understand the practical implementation process of measuring contributions and its impact on software processes as well as engineers. In addition, 74 responses to our questionnaire were collected and used for a comprehensive impact analysis on software engineers. The analysis results reveal five benefits for software development processes and four benefits for practitioners of contribution measurement in the studied enterprise. In addition, this study reports on the best practices of contribution measurement, such as team‐specific measurements, and provides a practical reference for researchers and organizations interested in studying or performing contribution measurement.