bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring multiple stressor effects with Ecopath, Ecosim, and Ecospace: Research designs, modeling techniques, and future directions
Authors: Stock Andy , Murray Cathryn C. , Gregr Edward J , Steenbeek Jeroen , Woodburn Emie , Micheli Fiorenza , Christensen Villy , Chan Kai M.A.
Published: October 2022

Understanding the cumulative effects of multiple stressors is a research priority in environmental science. Ecological models are a key component of tackling this challenge because they can simulate interactions between the components of an ecosystem. Here, we ask, how has the popular modeling platform Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) been used to model human impacts related to climate change, land and sea use, pollution, and invasive species? We conducted a literature review encompassing 166 studies covering stressors other than fishing mostly in aquatic ecosystems. The most modeled stressors were physical climate change (60 studies), species introductions (22), habitat loss (21), and eutrophication (20), using a range of modeling techniques. Despite this comprehensive coverage, we identified four gaps that must be filled to harness the potential of EwE for studying multiple stressor effects. First, only 12% of studies investigated three or more stressors, with most studies focusing on single stressors. Furthermore, many studies modeled only one of many pathways through which each stressor is known to affect ecosystems. Second, various methods have been applied to define environmental response functions representing the effects of single stressors on species groups. These functions can have a large effect on the simulated ecological changes, but best practices for deriving them are yet to emerge. Third, human dimensions of environmental change – except for fisheries – were rarely considered. Fourth, only 3% of studies used statistical research designs that allow attribution of simulated ecosystem changes to stressors’ direct effects and interactions, such as factorial (computational) experiments. None made full use of the statistical possibilities that arise when simulations can be repeated many times with controlled changes to the inputs. We argue that all four gaps are feasibly filled by integrating ecological modeling with advances in other subfields of environmental science and in computational statistics.
TEORI KONSUMSI
Authors: Amelia Kiki Rezky , Rusli Rezky Kurniati , ahmad muh ikhwan salsabila
Published: October 2022

Konsumsi adalah kegiatan membeli barang dan jasa untuk memuaskan keinginan, memiliki dan menggunakan barang dan jasa tersebut. Pengeluarankonsumsi rumah tangga adalah nilai belanja yang di lakukan oleh rumah tangga untuk membeli berbagai kebutuhan dalam satu tahun tersebut. Pembelanjaan masyarakat atas makanan, pakaian, dan barang-barang kebutuhan mereka yang lain digolongkan pembelanjaan atau konsumsi. Barang-barang yang diproduksi untuk digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya dinamakan barang konsumsi. Kegiatan produksi ada karena ada yang mengkonsumsi, kegiatan konsumsi ada karena ada yang memproduksi, dan kegiatan produksi muncul karena ada jarak antara konsumsi dan produksi.
Teori Konsumsi
Authors: Waasi Nur
Published: October 2022

Konsumsi secara umum didefinisikan dengan penggunaan barang dan jasa untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia. Dalam ekonomi islam konsumsi juga memiliki pengertian yang sama, tapi memiliki perbedaan dalam setiap yang melingkupinya. Perbedaan yang mendasar dengan konsumsi ekonomi konvensional adalah tujuan pencapaian dari konsumsi itu sendiri, cara pencapaiannya harus memenuhi kaidah pedoman syariah islamiyah.
Perubahan Sosial
Authors: Talokon Vidry
Published: October 2022

Mengikuti perkembangan zaman yang serba cepat sebagai konsekuensi modernisasi, industrialisasi, kemajuan iptek berdampak kurang baik terhadap masyarakat. Beberapa orang dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan dapat berbaur dengan perubahan zaman ini yang karena perkembangan teknologi sekarang juga bisa menimbulkan suatu gangguan atau stres pada diri kita. dan banyak orang juga berpandangan bahwa industrialisasi hanya terkait dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Yulia Nesa
Published: October 2022

Pembelajaran bahasa dan sastra Indonesia memiliki kaitan yang erat dengan lingkungan. Serta memiliki peran yang penting dalam kegiatan pembelajaran siswa di sekolah. Pembelajaran yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan ini dapat meningkatkan, menambah wawasan, dan menyadarkan siswa terhadap lingkungan. Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan ini diikuti peran guru sebagai pengajar atau fasilitator yang memberikan pemahaman kepada siswa. Penerapan dari pembelajaran ini beguna untuk mengenalkan siswa terhadap lingkungan, menambah wawasan, menjadi sumber belajar, serta sebagai topik dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia berbasis lingkungan ini dapat mempengaruhi pola piker siswa untuk berperilaku ramah dan peduli terdadap lingkungan. Selain itu dalam keterampilan menulis, membaca, mendengar, dan keterampilan berbahasa lainnya lingkungan dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar dalam mempelajari suatu materi.
Table of Correspondence of Scientific Research to the Strategy of Socio-Economic Development of the Region
Authors: Bakumenko Gennady
Published: October 2022

Все данные были собраны из открытых источников, связанных с официальным сайтом Унитарной некоммерческой организацией «Кубанский научный фонд». Автор атрибутирует темы исследований со стратегическими целями социально-экономического развития Краснодарского края.All data was collected from open sources associated with the official website of the Unitary non-profit organization "Kuban Science Foundation". The author attributes research topics to the strategic goals of the socio-economic development of the Krasnodar Territory.
Postmoderen tentang modernisme
Authors: Walintukan Veron
Published: October 2022

Modernisme merupakan fenomena global yang dapat dijumpai dalam berbagai masyarakat yang menganut “agama-agama dunia” seperti Yahudi, Hindu, Kristen dan Islam. Dalam hubungannya dengan Islam, fenomena tersebut telah banyak diperbincangkan oleh media massa, masyarakatluas dan juga kalangan intelektual. Pada umumnya, kelompok intelektual
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Lestari Rani Citra
Published: October 2022

Lingkungan berperan penting dalam perjalanan kehidupan. Untuk menjaga dan melestarikannya dibutuhkan pengetahuan dan pendidikan mengenai lingkungan itu sendiri. Lingkungan juga sangat berpengaruh terhadap pembelajaran, salah satunya pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Penggunaan bahasa tidak bisa terlepas dari sosialisasi dan komunikasi dengan lingkungan. Lingkungan memberikan pengaruh yang besar terhadap pembelajaran bahasa peserta didik. Lingkungan dan bahasa itu berkaitan erat dan saling mempengaruhi. Pendidikan lingkungan membantu peserta didik untuk memikirkan hubungan antara manusia dan lingkungan, mulai memahami lingkungan, menyadari masalah lingkungan dan mempertimbangkan masalah lingkungan dengan kehidupan.
Differential expression of CD160 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published and public data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of CD160 in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. CD160 was also differentially expressed in primary lower motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. CD160 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Apriliansyah Wulandari
Published: October 2022

Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi yang di peroleh manusia sejak lahir. Pengasaan sebuah bahasa seorang anak di mulai dengan perolehan bahasa pertana yang sering kali disebut bahasa ibu. Bahasa pada hakikatnya merupakan sistem lambang bunyi yang arbiteryang di gunakan oleh anggota kelompok sosial untuk bekerja sama,berkomunkasi,danmengidemtifikasi diri (Kridalaksana,2002) lebih lanjut, owen (Solehan,2011) menjelaskan bahwa bahasa dapat di definisikan sebagai kode yang di terima secara sosial atau sistem konvesional untuk menyamapaikan konsep melalui kegunaan simbol-simbol yang di atur oleh ketentuan. Pemerolehan bahasa (language asquistion) atau akuisi bahasa menurut maksan (1993:20) adalah suatu proses penguasa bahasa yang di lakukan oleh seorang secara tidak sadar. Seorang tidak dengan tinba-tiba memiliki tata bahasa yang lengkap dengan semua kaidah dalam otaknya, dan setiap tahap berikutnya lebih mendekati tata bahasa dari bahasa orang dewasa. Pemerolehan bahasa sangat berkaitan dengan pembentukan identitas sosial.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Shakira Amanda
Published: October 2022

Lingkungan merupakan salah satu aspek yang berperan penting terkait dengan pembelajaran. Dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, lingkungan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas belajar peserta didik untuk mencapai proses dan hasil yang optimal. Proses pmbelajaran yang sering menimbulkan kebosanan pada siswa, maka diadakannya kaitan pembelajaran berbasis dengan lingkungan yang dapat membantu menghilangkan kebosanan pada siswa saat kegiatan belajar. Dikaitkannya pembelajaran dengan lingkungan, juga akan membuat siswa tahu keadaan sebenarnya secara langsung. Basis pembelajaran ini dapat meningkatkan hubungan sosial peserta didik, membina motivasi siswa, dan melatih kreativitas pada guru maupun siswa. Hal tersebut mampu membantu siswa memikirkan kembali hubungan atau korelasi antara manusia dengan lingkungannya.
Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda
Authors: Shofuroh Dewi Asiyatus
Published: October 2022

Bahan baku merupakan salah satu faktor penentu untuk kelancaran suatu produksi dimana jika pasokan bahan baku kurang maka proses produksi akan terhambat dan sebaliknya jika pasokan bahan baku berlebihan maka akan menimbulkan biaya penyimpanan. Pengendalian persediaan adalah suatu kegiatan untuk menentukan tingkat dan komposisi dari persediaan parts, bahan baku dan barang hasil produksi sehingga perusahaan dapat melindungi kelancaran produksi dan penjualan serta kebutuhan-kebutuhan pembelanjaan perusahaan dengan efektif.
TEORI KONSUMSI
Authors: daud Nur amalia
Published: October 2022

Teori konsumsi adalah teori yang mempelajari bagaimana manusia/konsumen itu memuaskan kebutuhannya dengan pembelian/penggunaan barang dan jasa.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Putri Amelia Yuniza
Published: October 2022

Pembelajaran bahasa dan sastra Indonesia sangat berkaitan dengan lingkungan. Penggunaan tema lingkungan dalam pembelajaran teks dapat memicu minat siswa dalam mempelajari bahasa dan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang lingkungan hidup. Dalam hal ini, guru diharapkan mampu menciptakan pembelajaran yang inovatif tersebut bertemakan lingkungan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Dengan pembelajaran lingkungan, siswa dapat memikirkan kembali hubungan antara manusia dengan lingkungan. Lingkungan juga dapat mempengaruhi seseorang dalam berkomunikasi.
Seibel IP.22x Deployment in Cloud Systems
Authors: chunduri Ravi Shankar
Published: October 2022

Seibel IP.22x Deployment in Cloud Systems
Differential expression of KCNJ13 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published and public data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of KCNJ13, encoding potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 13, in iPSC-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. KCNJ13 was also differentially expressed in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. KCNJ13 transcript was present at lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of NPC1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published and public data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of NPC1, encoding NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. NPC1 was also differentially expressed in primary lower motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. NPC1 transcript was present at lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of C7orf77 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of C7orf77, encoding chromosome 7 open reading frame 77, in primary motor neurons of patients with ALS. C7orf77 was also differentially expressed in fibroblasts isolated from patients with ALS. C7orf77 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to fibroblasts from control individuals. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
PERILAKU KONSUMEN
Authors: Nurqalbi Amanda
Published: October 2022

Resume Tugas Mengenai PERILAKU KONSUMEN
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Azkia Nabila Amalia
Published: October 2022

materi lingkungan sangat penting untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia karena memiliki dampak bagi peserta didik. Guru dapat menggunakan tema lingkungan dalam pembelajaran teks sehingga bisa meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta didik terhadap lingkungan. literasi media juga dapat digunakan terhadap pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia berbasis lingkungan karena bisa menambah pengetahuan dan kesadaran peserta didik terhadap lingkungan sekitar. Untuk mencapai tujuan terciptanya proses pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan diperlukan adanya kerjasama antara guru dan juga siswa.
Considering what we know and what we don't know: Expectations and confidence guide value integration in value-based decision-making
Authors: Frömer Romy , Callaway Frederick , Griffiths Tom , Shenhav Amitai
Published: October 2022

When making decisions, we often have more information about some options than others. Previous work has shown that people are more likely to choose options that they look at more and those that they are more confident in. But should one always prefer options one knows more about? Intuition suggests not. Rather, how additional information impacts our preferences should depend critically on how valuable we expect the options to be. Here, we formalize this intuition in a Bayesian sequential sampling model where attention and confidence influence the precision of momentary evidence. Our model makes a key prediction: attention and confidence both increase choice probability for better-than-average options, and both decrease choice probability for worse-than-average options. We confirm this prediction in two experiments, in which we independently manipulate value and attention. Our results offer a novel perspective on prior work on the role of attention and confidence in decision-making, showing that people rely on contextual knowledge and uncertainty estimates to adaptively learn about their options and make better decisions.
Fears of Backlash Underlie Gendered Participation in Question-and-Answer Sessions
Authors: Jarvis Shoshana N , Kray Laura
Published: October 2022

Gender disparities in participation at conferences is a well-studied phenomenon, and seem to be propelled by men being more likely to initiate questions. An unexplored explanation for why this gap may occur is that women may be more likely than men to fear backlash for their participation. Across four studies, we tested fears of backlash as a mechanism to explain gender gaps in Q&A session participation. Fears of backlash explained the variance between gender and question-asking intentions in a hypothetical scenario. Women’s reduced fears of backlash were attenuated in friendly as compared to typical audience, but friendly audiences also emboldened men to take up more space. There was not an effect of Q&A formats on gendered participation. When considering why women might be less
Integration of input and expectations influences syntactic parses, not just sentence interpretation
Authors: Buxó-Lugo Andrés , Slevc L. Robert
Published: October 2022

Interpreting a sentence can be characterized as a rational process in which comprehenders integrate linguistic input with top-down knowledge (e.g., plausibility). One type of evidence for this is that comprehenders sometimes reinterpret sentences to arrive at interpretations that conflict with the original language input (e.g., Ferreira, 2003; Gibson et al., 2013). Does this reflect a reinterpretation of only the message, or also of earlier stages of linguistic representation such as the syntactic parse? The present study relies both on comprehension questions as a measure of the eventual interpretation (as in past work) and on syntactic priming as an implicit measure of the eventual parse of a sentence. Plausible dative sentences yielded a classic syntactic priming effect. Implausible dative sentences, for which a plausible alternative version corresponded to the alternate dative structure, not only tended to be interpreted as the plausible alternative, but also showed no priming effect from the perceived syntactic structure. These results suggest that the plausibility of a message can not only impact the interpretation of a perceived sentence, but also its underlying syntactic representation.
On the problem of treatment-confounder feedback in longitudinal psychology
Authors: Bulbulia Joseph
Published: October 2022

Causation occurs in time. Therefore, investigating the relationship between cause and effect requires time series data. Causality is also dynamic. Where there is treatment-confounder feedback, the relationship between cause and effect cannot be identified using standard regression methods, including multi-level regression and structural equation models. Instead, special methods – "G-methods" – are needed. Here, I use three causal graphs to describe a problem of treatment- confounder feedback, and direct readers to G-methods for its solution.
Change blindness, reward bias, negative affective priming: Exploring individual-level associations between depression/anxiety symptoms and cognition
Authors: Balogh Annamaria , Lewis Glyn , Shafran Roz , Robinson Oliver Joe
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Cognitive biases are thought to contribute to depression/anxiety. In addition to self-reported measures, cognitive tasks could potentially be integrated with clinical practice as more precise measures of cognitive biases. We conducted a large online study to explore the individual-level association between depression/anxiety symptoms and performance on 1)reward bias, 2)negative affective priming and 3)change blindness tasks.Methods: Participants completed tasks alongside self-reported depression/anxiety symptom questionnaires. We used regression analyses to test for associations between task performance and questionnaire scores. We conducted a replication study of the change blindness task, and performed a mega-analysis of the two studies.Results: Reaction time in the change blindness task(N=545) was 27ms quicker for each one-point increase in depression score(B=-27,p=0.034) in the first study. In the replication study(N=616), higher depression and anxiety scores were associated with quicker reaction time(depression:B=-15,p=0.045;anxiety:B=-17,p=0.022). These effects were significant in the mega-analysis but did not hold up after adjusting for age. We found no association between depression/anxiety and reward bias(N=504) and negative affective priming(N=539).Conclusions: Our results provide preliminary evidence that individuals with higher depression/anxiety scores are faster at identifying changes in the change blindness task. Contrary to previous findings, neither reward bias nor negative affective priming was associated with depression/anxiety.
Talentos y virtudes: la necesidad de profesionalización del servicio civil en el Perú/Talents and virtues: the need to professionlalize the civil service in Peru
Authors: Rastrollo Suárez Juan José
Published: October 2022

La profesionalización del servicio civil en el Perú ha tenido un notable desarrollo en las últimas décadas. Este proceso permite garantizar el adecuado funcionamiento del aparato estatal, la lucha contra la corrupción y el fortalecimiento de las instituciones. No obstante, existen diversos factores de carácter histórico que aún inhiben el desarrollo de este necesario proceso, tales como la inestabilidad política, la falta de independencia, la falta de cohesión jurídica y la desigualdad. En el presente artículo, el autor examina el proceso de formación de la burocracia en el Perú en su contexto histórico desde la proclamación de la independencia. Luego, estudia la evolución de la función pública a partir de la Constitución de 1993, haciendo hincapié en algunas normas como el Decreto Legislativo 728 de 1997, que supuso el comienzo del proceso de ‘laboralización’ del servicio civil o la Ley 30057 de 2013, que dio lugar al nacimiento del cuerpo de gerentes públicos y reguló muchas de las competencias de la Autoridad Nacional del Servicio Civil. Por último, apoyándose en el estudio de la legislación y jurisprudencia, revisa determinados aspectos clave para una futura reforma del empleo público en un contexto de crisis.The professionalization of the civil service in Peru has had a remarkable development in the last decades. This process guarantees the proper functioning of the state apparatus, the fight against corruption and the institutional reinforcement. Nevertheless, there are historical conditions that inhibit the development of this necessary process, such as political instability, lack of independence, lack of legal cohesion and inequality.In this article, the author examines the process of the formation of public bureaucracy in Peru, in its historical context since the country’s declaration of independence. Then, he studies the development of public management since the Constitution of 1993, focusing on specific legal norms such as Legislative Decree 728 of 1997, which began the process of ‘laboralization’ of the civil service, or Statute Law 30057 of 2013, which gave birth to the corps of public managers and regulated many competences of the National Authority of the Civil Service. Finally, based on the study of legislation and jurisprudence, the author revises certain key elements for a future reform of public employment in a context of crisis
The Effects of the 2021 Monthly Child Tax Credit on Child and Family Well-being: Evidence from New York City
Authors: Collyer Sophie , Gandhi Jill , Garfinkel Irwin , Ross Schuyler , Waldfogel Jane , Wimer Christopher
Published: October 2022

The temporary monthly Child Tax Credit implemented in 2021 had the potential to affect many aspects of child and family well-being, including poverty, hardship, use of food pantries, spending on child-related items, and parents’ mental health and employment. We assess these effects using data from two longitudinal studies of well-being in New York City. We find that the monthly CTC led to significant declines in the risk of facing material hardship, multiple hardships, running out of money, and using food pantries. We do not find evidence of significant changes in parents’ mental health, employment, or spending on childcare or enrichment activities.
Lateralism – The Globalization of US Hegemony after World War II
Authors: Pachankis Yang I.
Published: October 2022

This is a preliminary search and research of world order and global politics. It is history-based and examines the concept of globalization as a result of causes. The prevailing hegemonic power of United States is constituted of physical presence of troops, financial power, and most importantly, predominance in lateralized power in governance bodies around the world. Time is never linear per se in concept or in discoveries, sovereignty as so. The preeminence of space entities and discoveries of planet management is changing the modality of border management and territorial groupings. The entities of the knowing and the consistent devising of apparatus and distribution continues altering globalized political entities. The exacerbating move on deployment of U.S. Space Command and militant service over Starcom has again like the Cold War compacting regional stability. This paper digs into the phenomenon.
A Multicultural Retrospective on Endogenous Chinese Sino-Centric Civilizational Becoming
Authors: Pachankis Yang I.
Published: October 2022

Contemporary globalization is largely shaped by the predominant position and strength of the United States, and the concept of globalization is cast upon the polity and social aspects of P.R. China after Reform and Opening. Globalization, though substantially varied in a modern scene, is not without historical and cultural roots. The future holds anew, whereas newly arisen pieces of knowledge and information shed new light on the past, the blood and violence of the political progress on the Chinese soil. This paper digs into the interactive aspect of the Chinese civilization with Western Civilization, and an empirical understanding on the evolvement of the country / nation to the recent shaping, with implication of which might change the dynamic of the Asian area after the global power politics whereof after World War II.
Thermodynamic Laws and Measurements
Authors: Hathaway George
Published: October 2022

This paper outlines issues associated with the verification of claims of thermodynamic law violations, focusing on measurement issues. We do not go into detail about the various interpretations and alternative forms of the thermodynamic “laws”, only presenting the reader with a standard interpretation of Laws 1 & 2. The word “laws” is in quotes here as there have been recent experiments appearing to show violations of, or at least subtleties associated with these laws which necessitate proper measurements and experimental design.
Zero-Point Energy: Capturing Evanescence
Authors: Moddel Garret
Published: October 2022

In results from thousands of trials and dozens of variations, tests for measurement artifacts, and replications, metal/insulator/metal/Casimir cavity devices produce electric power, apparently by tapping ambient zero-point energy (ZPE). A simple calculation shows that the power potentially available from the ZPE quantum vacuum is an immense 5 gigawatts per square meter. The devices tap a tiny fraction of that, but still deliver a practical power density of 70 watts per square meter. The devices are designed to circumvent the apparent impediments to ZPE harvesting, i.e., that ZPE is the universal ground state, and that ZPE fluctuations are extremely short lived and virtual. If the source ultimately proves to be ZPE, what is the operating principle behind the energy harvesting, and how can the results be reconciled with known physical law? A notional operating principle can be understood as a direct analog to the optical phenomenon of frustrated total internal reflection. Tapping ZPE does not violate the second law of thermodynamics based on the conventional quantum interpretation of ZPE, but ambiguities regarding the source of ZPE leave the issue unresolved.
Rationality: What It Is, Why It Matters, and Why It Seems Scarce by Steven Pinker
Authors: Williams III George Robert
Published: October 2022

In his latest book, Rationality: What It Is, Why It Matters, Why It Seems Scarce, Steven Pinker brings attention to how we might strengthen our reasoning powers, as well as be more cognizant of the ways we might fall short. This mostly takes the form of a wide-ranging tour, acquainting us with various forms of fallacious reasoning as well as tools to improve our reasoning faculties. As a famous professor of psychology at Harvard, Pinker is arguably well-equipped to provide a comprehensive survey on various sorts of cognitive biases and ways of thinking about rationality. The book provides a useful introduction on various tools and models that arguably characterize rational thinking. But as I’ll discuss, despite his considerable knowledge and expository skills, he stumbles in areas where his own motivated reasoning clouds subject matter he is either attempting to explain or dismiss. In the first chapter, he notes that while rationality often appears to be in short supply, he provides evidence for its universality even among hunter–gatherer tribes, with the San of southern Africa being his example. Here, Pinker demonstrates that many of the sophisticated hunting and decision techniques employed by the San suit their goals admirably. But then Pinker pivots toward areas where our reasoning could be flawed in the areas of math, logic, and probability, according to psychologists. And he highlights that even experts in math or probability can succumb like the rest of us. How do we reconcile this with Pinker’s observation of the sophisticated reasoning of hunter–gatherers? Pinker eventually gives us something of an answer toward the end of the book, where he explains that we do much better with the problems we face in our immediate surroundings (and where there are real stakes) than relatively more abstract and remote problems.Pinker explains that rationality, essentially, is “a kit of cognitive tools that attain goals in particular worlds” (p. 5). Later, he puts it slightly differently as an “ability to use knowledge to attain goals” (p. 36). And for Pinker, knowledge is “justified true belief,” or the things we know confidently that are grounded in facts. Of course, Pinker acknowledges that our quest for truth requires epistemic humility, as perfect rationality and purely objective truth must elude all humans. But we can nevertheless aim to be aware of various rules and models of reasoning that can aid us in avoiding biases that obstruct rationality, and “allow us to approach the truth collectively in ways that are impossible for any of us individually” (p. 41). Much of the book provides a tour of cognitive biases and tools for avoiding them.
Beyond the Thermodynamic Limit: Template for Second Law Violators
Authors: Sheehan Daniel
Published: October 2022

For 150 years the second law of thermodynamics has been considered inviolable by the general scientiﬁc com-munity; however over the last three decades its absolute status has been challenged by dozens of theoretical and experimental counterexamples. This study explores commonalities between some of the most potent of these and reveals a common template that involves broken physical-thermodynamic symmetries and reser-voirs of work-exploitable thermal energy stored at system boundaries. Commercially successful second law devices could disrupt the current energy economy and help support a sustainable energy future. This article expands on a talk presented at Advanced Energy Concepts Challenging the Second Law of Thermodynamics, a symposium hosted as part of the 4th Annual Advanced Propulsion and Energy Workshop (22 January 2022).Keywords: second law of thermodynamics, Maxwell’s demon, sustainable energy
Greedy, Blind, and Stupid—And Not Especially Quick Either
Authors: Sheehan Daniel
Published: October 2022

Sometimes Nature seems to have personality. One of its core traits, for instance, might be economy, as embodied in the principle of least action, a foundational idea for both classical and quantum physics. It appears logical and aesthetic, as shown by its beautifully interlocking laws and mathematical structure. Perhaps Nature is amoral, indifferent to suffering—maybe even cruel—as demonstrated through natural selection. When it comes to personal hygiene, however, there’s no question: Nature is a slob. Sure, it produces examples of exquisite order (e.g., the symmetry of crystals, the intricate biochemistry of life), but beneath it all, supporting it, there’s disorder and chaos everywhere, especially at the molecular level. There’s even a law to enable this molecular malfeasance: the second law of thermodynamics. Nature’s microscopic messiness is so widespread and universal, so overwhelmingly manifest in almost every action and system that the second law is often called the supreme law of Nature. There’s no way to escape it, no means to undercut it, no scheme to bend, break, foil, or flummox it. Until now. This special issue of JSE is devoted to such systems. For insight into why the second law can be violated, let’s look at it anthropomorphically, a tactic often used by scientists to describe and understand Nature intuitively, like one would an old friend. What are the second law’s characteristics, propensities, and habits that set it up for failure? (After all, character is fate.) The short answer is this: The second law is greedy, blind, and stupid—and not especially quick either. This might seem flippant, but it’s true. Let’s unpack it.
CURRENT THEORY AND PRACTICE ASPECTS OF LINGUISTICS, SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND METHODOLOGY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES AT UNIVERSITIES IN MODERN GLOBAL HIGHER EDUCATIONAL SPACE
Authors:   D.Sc. in Pedagogy, Associate Professor, Professor at Foreign Language and Translation Department, National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2022

The collective monograph "Current Theory and Practice Aspects of Linguistics, Sociolinguistics and Methodology of Foreign Languages at Universities in Modern Global Higher Educational Space" incorporates five sections developed on the results of the author's research. The main scientific and methodological developments of the foreign languages university teaching community are presented in the foreign mutual monograph, which are included in this collection. The manuscript, in particular, is devoted to the problems of language training of students of nonphilological specialties of the classical state university, which make up the vast majority of educational learners studying in Ukraine. Papers of the edition raise the issue of organizing effective foreign language learning realm in the realities of the modern world, which faced the need to introduce a digital tool in the frame of the educational process. Possibilities of using information computer technologies, social networks in the formation of written and oral speech skills, professionally oriented language learning, socio-cultural aspects of language, development of linguistic and cultural skills as well as local lore competences are studied for further advancements. This collection is aimed at scientific and pedagogical staff of higher education institutions, practical workers of the educational branch, scientists, students.
SECTION #5. LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD: LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ASPECTS 5.1 THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHINESE CULTURE AND LANGUAGE ON THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
Authors: Verkhovtsova O. M. , Ishchenko O. V. , Kutsenko O. V.
Published: October 2022

Modern world languages, with their specific features of sound, grammar and vocabulary, emerge as a product of long historical development, in the process of which they have undergone various changes due to various reasons. In most cases, under the internal laws of development, the greatest changes can be traced in the field of vocabulary, under the influence of external factors related to the historical destiny of the people, the native language speakers. Changes can affect all the aspects of language structure, but they work differently. The process of borrowing words is natural and inevitable, due to trade, scientific and cultural contacts between peoples. Every closed national culture usually loses in its development. However, this process proceeds with varying degrees of intensity. Language cannot exist outside the context of a languagecentered culture. Unlike Slavic, Germanic and Romance languages, Chinese as a donor language does not play a significant role in replenishing the vocabulary of European languages. Recently, one source language has been actively used, it is English. Nevertheless, there are a number of borrowings from the Chinese language, which are several thematic groups, and their composition has been replenished. Their study is currently particularly relevant in connection with the processes of globalization. The article attempts to analyze the impact of the Chinese language and culture on the European society in general and English in particular. How do language and culture relate - these two most important attributes of a person and humanity? How do they interact? These are the basis of most cultural formations and communicative reality; they are all complex and very topical questions that the research is to answer.
SECTION #5. LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD: LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ASPECTS 5.2 THE PROBLEM OF ACCENT DISCRIMINATION IN GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE
Authors: Slobozhenko R. A. , Melnyk Y. Y.
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the issue of accent discrimination – the focus on prejudice against regional accents. It has been noted that lack of regional lexicon is one of the main reasons as to why ‘accentism’ is still going strong. It has been articulated that the reasons for glottophobia are hegemony of the monolingualism in France and class divisions in Britain that can lead to a skewed view of the world. Examples of accent bias are given. It has been found that there is currently no legislation to protect someone from accent discrimination. It has been studied that ‘Received Pronunciation’ or the ‘Queen’s English’ in Britain and standardized French in France seem to sound ‘very intelligent’ and it is a wide held view. It is being identified that academic institutions still support the idea of a single language model and accent prejudice. It has been concluded that in multicultural and multilingual Britain and France the solution is reasonable accommodation. It is required that the speaker is to make themselves understood whatever accent they choose.
SECTION #1. PROBLEMS OF THEORY AND METHODS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN THE PROFESSIONAL FIELD 1.1 MEANS OF TEACHER PREPARATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPETENCE-ORIENTED EDUCATION
Authors: Bakhov I.S.
Published: October 2022

The latest technologies and means of e-learning can increase the effectiveness of established forms of organization of the educational process: lectures, practical and laboratory classes. The use of ICT and digital learning tools allows the teacher to develop interesting and high-quality educational materials, successfully plan and conduct classes, objectively determine the level of acquired knowledge, skills and abilities, and activate the activities of students. In addition, ICT and modern digital learning tools play an important role in organizing students' independent work. Modern electronic educational resources, electronic learning environments, computer testing systems make it possible to make this most important component of student activity truly organized and controlled. The current level of development of information computer technologies and electronic learning tools significantly expands access to educational and professional resources. Therefore, the active and competent use of ICT and digital learning tools is a necessary condition for the further implementation of the competenceoriented education model. How effectively this process will take place depends on the level of ICT competence of both teachers and students of education, high-quality electronic content, the activity of forming network educational communities as an innovative environment, the exchange of the best educational methods and practices.
SECTION #2. INNOVATIVE METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN THE STUDY AND TEACHING OF FOREIGN 2.2 PODCASTS AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF TEACHING ENGLISH
Authors: Pliasun O.M.
Published: October 2022

The article focuses on podcasts as an effective innovative technology for teaching a foreign language, particularly English. In the present research, the author tries to answer the question of how using podcasts will help improve students’ foreign language skills as well as their communication and listening comprehension. The subject of the study is authentic and educational podcasts of Great Britain and their use as additional material in English classes. The research paper presents a complex general scientific methodology where the methods of analysis, induction, hypothesis, generalization, explanation, systematization, observation and description are used. The purpose of the study is to analyze the most popular podcasts in English and show their effectiveness during remote teaching of this foreign language. The author comes to the conclusion that using podcasts as an additional material to the English language class allows to significantly improve students' communication skills, which becomes especially important during distance learning. The prospects of the conducted research are to reveal the main criteria by which podcasts should be selected for conducting an educational session, as well as to conduct empirical research on the effectiveness of using podcasts in a student audience.
SECTION #3. THEORETICAL BASIS ON ADEQUATE TRANSLATION ISSUES METHODOLOGICAL AND DIDACTIC FOUNDATIONS OF TEACHING TRANSLATION TO STUDENTS OF PHILOLOGICAL SPECIALTIES
Authors: Shestopalova I. O. , Panchenko S. A. , Zakrevskii D. A.
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, the training of professional translators is one of the most important tasks that the language departments of various universities face. However, the question of what to teach and how to do it still remains one of the controversial issues in the methodology of teaching translation. We have not only to provide students with certain knowledge and develop certain skills, to train highly qualified translators who have different methods and strategies for translating different types of texts. But also study the process of formation of personality, which has special competencies, special mental properties, aware of his/her special social status. Therefore, the methodology of teaching translators in modern conditions is a very popular area of pedagogical knowledge in connection with the need for mass training of translators. The purpose of the article is to analyze the subject didactics of teaching translation in the process of professional training of translators, which is considered in the article as a part of the general theory of didactics, prospect its development, state of research, problems, perspective directions of scientific activity. Relationship between didactics and linguistic didactics, their common and different characteristics are also in the focus of the research. As a result of the study we give the resume of the analysis of the recent years researches, aimed at identifying patterns of effective teaching students of psychological, translation, psycholinguistic, linguistic, methodological foundations of translation; actual problems of translation teaching methods; skills to develop the technology of teaching translation and interpretation; formation of students' ability to implement their professional functions of a teacher in the conditions of multilingual free economic education. In conclusions we summaries the ways of implementation of research in the field of methods of teaching translation, taking into account the main factors influencing the success of translation training, define the promising areas of further developments in the field of methodology and didactics of teaching translation to students of philological specialities.
SECTION #4. VIRTUAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF PROFESSIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING 4.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF USING MOVIES FOR ONLINE LEARNING IN WARTIME
Authors: Gundarieva V. O. , Hlutska T. V. , Sandovenko I. V.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the paper is to summarize and present benefits and challenges of using films in both real and virtual classrooms. This research reveals the importance of using movies for online learning in wartime. This paper reviews the literature regarding how effective the use of video is for distance learning classes. It stresses current issues related to the use of movies for online learning. The article highlights psychological benefits, multicultural and real-life English learning tools, and the effectiveness of multimedia learning tools in education. The study highlights the main ways of using cinema therapy in the learning process in wartime. In particular, how movies can provide emotional and mental health benefits, help students to develop four communicative skills. It also describes ways to use video in the lessons to broaden students’ understanding of other nations’ cultures for selfdevelopment and learning speciality horizons.