bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total magnesium intake and risk of frailty in older women
Authors: Struijk Ellen A. , Fung Teresa T. , Bischoff‐Ferrari Heike A. , Willett Walter C. , Lopez‐Garcia Esther
Published: June 2024

Background

An adequate magnesium intake might lower the risk of frailty through its role in muscle function.

Methods

We analysed data from 81 524 women aged ≥60 years participating in the Nurses' Health Study. Total magnesium intake was obtained from repeated food frequency questionnaires administered between 1984 and 2010 and self‐reported information on supplementation. Frailty was defined as having at least three of the following five FRAIL scale criteria: fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 chronic illnesses and weight loss ≥ 5%. The occurrence of frailty was assessed every 4 years from 1992 to 2018. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for lifestyle factors, medication use and dietary factors were used to assess the association between magnesium intake and frailty.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 16 years, we identified 15 477 incident cases of frailty. Women with a higher intake of total energy‐adjusted magnesium had a decreased risk of frailty after adjustment for lifestyle factors, medication use and dietary factors. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) for Quintile 5 (Q5) versus Quintile 1 (Q1) was 0.88 (0.82, 0.94) (P‐trend < 0.001). When only energy‐adjusted magnesium from the diet was considered, the inverse association was stronger (Q5 vs. Q1: 0.68 [0.56, 0.82]; P‐trend < 0.001). Those reaching the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of magnesium through diet had a 14% (9%, 19%) lower risk of frailty compared with those not meeting the RDA.

Conclusions

Increased intake of foods rich in magnesium was associated with a decreased risk of frailty.
Investigate the biological activities of Lawsonia inermis extract synthesized from TiO2 doped graphene oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Kaviyarasu K.
Published: June 2024

Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) were made by reacting graphene oxide (GO) with Lawsonia inermis leaf extract. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed crystalline TiO2 doped GO nanoparticles composed of a variety of anatase phases. Initially, UV–vis spectroscopy was performed to confirm the biogenesis of TiO2 doped GO nanoparticles (NP's). Using SEM, the research showed that the biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were mostly spherical, polydispersed, and of a nanoscale size. Because of the energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) pattern, distinct and robust peaks of titanium (Ti) and oxygen (O) were observed, which were supportive of the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles. By using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, it was demonstrated that terpenoids, flavonoids, and proteins are involved in the biosynthesis and production of TiO2 doped GO nanoparticles. 2,2‐diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were conducted to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of TiO2 doped GO nanoparticles. Additionally, the TiO2 doped GO NPs had enhanced antioxidant activity when compared with the TiO2 matrix. A series of pure TiO2 and TiO2 doped GO nanoparticles (5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/mL) solutions were investigated for their antibacterial activities. In the current study, zebrafish embryos exposed to pure TiO2 and TiO2 doped GO nanoparticles were toxic and suffered a low survival rate based on concentration. During photocatalysis, O2˙ and ˙OH radicals are rapidly produced because of the reactive species trapping experiment. It was estimated that pure TiO2 nanoparticles and those doped with GO were 80% effective in degrading methyl orange(MO) after 120 min, respectively.

Research Highlights

The UV–vis absorption spectra showed a maximum absorbance peak at 290 nm.

SEM, the pure TiO2 doped GO NPs exhibit agglomeration and spherical shape.

When tested in zebrafish embryos, TiO2 NPs are toxic at high concentrations.

GO nanoparticles showed better antioxidant activity.

NPs exhibited concentration dependent antioxidative activity.
Cassia alata's dual role in modulating MUC2 expression in Eimeria papillata‐infected jejunum and assessing its anti‐inflammatory effects
Authors: Elshershaby Rabab E. , Dkhil Mohamed A. , Dar Yasser , Abdel‐Gaber Rewaida , Delic Denis , Helal Ibrahim B.
Published: June 2024

Coccidiosis poses significant hazards to animals, particularly in terms of compromised health, reduced productivity, and economic losses in livestock farming. The conventional treatments for coccidiosis often involve synthetic drugs, contributing to concerns about drug resistance and environmental impact. The pressing need for eco‐friendly alternatives is highlighted in this study, emphasizing the importance of exploring medicinal plants like Cassia alata leaf extracts (CAE) against Eimeria papillata‐induced infection in mice. The CAE exhibited significant phenolic (2.17 ± 0.03 g/100 g) and flavonoid (0.14 ± 0.01 g/100 g) content and demonstrated notable antioxidant activity. In infected mice, the CAE treatment led to a substantial reduction in oocyst output (~6 fold), ameliorating necrotic enteritis and inflammatory changes in the jejunum. Additionally, CAE treatment increased goblet cell numbers (9.3 ± 0.1 / villus) and decreased macrophage infiltration in the intestinal villi. Molecular analyses revealed CAE's positive modulation of MUC2 gene and notably reduced the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (specifically IL‐1β, IL‐10, and IFN‐γ) when contrasted with the infected cohort. Furthermore, CAE treatment significantly reduced nitric oxide levels (44.03 ± 2.4 μmol/mg), showcasing its anti‐inflammatory properties. The findings of this study not only contribute to the understanding of CAE's therapeutic potential but also underscore the importance of seeking eco‐friendly alternatives in the face of coccidiosis challenges, addressing both the well‐being of animals and the sustainability of agricultural practices.

Research Highlights

Cassia alata extract (CAE) exhibited significant phenolic and flavonoid content, displaying notable antioxidant activity.

In infected mice, CAE treatment led to a substantial reduction in oocyst output, ameliorating necrotic enteritis and inflammatory changes in the jejunum.

CAE treatment increased goblet cell numbers and decreased macrophage infiltration in the intestinal villi, while molecular analyses revealed its positive modulation of the MUC2 gene and notable reduction in pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels.

Additionally, CAE treatment significantly reduced nitric oxide levels, showcasing its anti‐inflammatory properties.
Proteomic profiling of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles: Impact of isolation methods on protein cargo
Authors: Abyadeh Morteza , Mirshahvaladi Shahab , Kashani Sara Assar , Paulo Joao A. , Amirkhani Ardeshir , Mehryab Fatemeh , Seydi Homeyra , Moradpour Niloufar , Jodeiryjabarzade Sheyda , Mirzaei Mehdi , Gupta Vivek , Shekari Faezeh , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini
Published: June 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles with a lipid bilayer that are secreted by cells and play a critical role in cell‐to‐cell communication. Despite the promising reports regarding their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, the utilization of EVs in the clinical setting is limited due to insufficient information about their cargo and a lack of standardization in isolation and analysis methods. Considering protein cargos in EVs as key contributors to their therapeutic potency, we conducted a tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis of three subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived EVs obtained through three different isolation techniques: ultracentrifugation (UC), high‐speed centrifugation (HS), and ultracentrifugation on sucrose cushion (SU). Subsequently, we checked EV marker expression, size distribution, and morphological characterization, followed by bioinformatic analysis. The bioinformatic analysis of the proteome results revealed that these subpopulations exhibit distinct molecular and functional characteristics. The choice of isolation method impacts the proteome of isolated EVs by isolating different subpopulations of EVs. Specifically, EVs isolated through the high‐speed centrifugation (HS) method exhibited a higher abundance of ribosomal and mitochondrial proteins. Functional apoptosis assays comparing isolated mitochondria with EVs isolated through different methods revealed that HS‐EVs, but not other EVs, induced early apoptosis in cancer cells. On the other hand, EVs isolated using the sucrose cushion (SU) and ultracentrifugation (UC) methods demonstrated a higher abundance of proteins primarily involved in the immune response, cell‐cell interactions and extracellular matrix interactions. Our analyses unveil notable disparities in proteins and associated biological functions among EV subpopulations, underscoring the importance of meticulously selecting isolation methods and resultant EV subpopulations based on the intended application.
A microfluidic chip for immobilization and imaging of Ciona intestinalis larvae
Authors: Poncelet Guillaume , Parolini Lucia , Shimeld Sebastian M.
Published: June 2024

Sea squirts (Tunicata) are chordates and develop a swimming larva with a small and defined number of individually identifiable cells. This offers the prospect of connecting specific stimuli to behavioral output and characterizing the neural activity that links these together. Here, we describe the development of a microfluidic chip that allows live larvae of the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis to be immobilized and recorded. By generating transgenic larvae expressing GCaAMP6m in defined cells, we show that calcium ion levels can be recorded from immobilized larvae, while microfluidic control allows larvae to be exposed to specific waterborne stimuli. We trial this on sea water carrying increased levels of carbon dioxide, providing evidence that larvae can sense this gas.
Improved Radiosynthesis and Automation of [11C]2‐(2,6‐Difluoro‐4‐((2‐(N‐methylphenylsulfonamido)ethyl)thio)phenoxy)acetamide ([11C]K2) for Positron Emission Tomography of the Glutamate α‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole Propionic Acid (AMPA) Receptor
Authors: Witek Jason A. , Horikawa Mami , Henderson Bradford D. , Brooks Allen F. , Scott Peter J. H. , Shao Xia
Published: June 2024

A new automated radiosynthesis of [11C]2‐(2,6‐difluoro‐4‐((2‐(N‐methylphenylsulfonamido)ethyl)thio)phenoxy)acetamide ([11C]K2), a radiopharmaceutical for the glutamate α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor, is reported. Although manual syntheses have been described, these are unsuitable for routine production of larger batches of [11C]K2 for (pre)clinical PET imaging applications. To meet demands for the imaging agent from our functional neuroimaging collaborators, herein, we report a current good manufacturing practice (cGMP)‐compliant synthesis of [11C]K2 using a commercial synthesis module. The new synthesis is fully automated and has been validated for clinical use. The total synthesis time is 33 min from end of bombardment, and the production method provides 2.66 ± 0.3 GBq (71.9 ± 8.6 mCi) of [11C]K2 in 97.7 ± 0.5% radiochemical purity and 754.1 ± 231.5 TBq/mmol (20,382.7 ± 6256.1 Ci/mmol) molar activity (n = 3). Batches passed all requisite quality control testing confirming suitability for clinical use.
Wedged hepatic vein portovenography for assessment of Rex vein patency in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction
Authors: Kaur Prabhsaran , Khanna Rajeev , Sood Vikrant , Lal Bikrant Bihari , Mukund Amar , Kilambi Ragini , Alam Seema
Published: June 2024

Background

Meso‐Rex bypass is the surgical intervention of choice for children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO). Patency of Rex vein, umbilical recessus of the portal vein, is a prerequisite for this surgery. Conventional diagnostic modalities poorly detect patency, while transjugular wedged hepatic vein portography (WHVP) accurately detects patency in 90%.

Objectives

We aimed to assess Rex vein patency and portal vein branching pattern in children with EHPVO using transjugular WHVP and to identify factors associated with Rex vein patency.

Methods

Transjugular WHVP was performed in 31 children with EHPVO by selective cannulation of left and right hepatic veins. Rex vein patency, type of intrahepatic portal venous anatomy (Types A–E), and factors associated with patency of Rex vein were studied.

Results

The patency of Rex recess on transjugular WHVP was 29%. Complete obliteration of intrahepatic portal venous radicles was the commonest pattern (Type E, 38.7%) while Type A, the favorable anatomy for meso‐Rex bypass, was seen in only 12.9%. Patency of the Rex vein, but not the anatomical pattern, was associated with younger age at evaluation (patent Rex: 6.6 ± 4.9 years vs. nonpatent Rex: 12.7 ± 3.9 years, p = 0.001). Under‐5‐year children had a 12 times greater chance of having a patent Rex vein (odds ratio: 12.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.65–90.40, p = 0.004). Patency or pattern was unrelated to local factors like umbilical vein catheterization, systemic thrombophilia, or disease severity.

Conclusion

Less than one‐third of our pediatric EHPVO patients have a patent Rex vein. Younger age at evaluation is significantly associated with Rex vein patency.
Efficacy of volatile organic compounds by Aureobasidium pullulans immobilized on hydrogel spheres against strawberry fungal pathogens
Authors: Tulukoglu‐Kunt Keziban Sinem , Moret Erica , Khomutovska Nataliia , Stenberg Johan , Di Francesco Alessandra
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The present study explores the use of two different growth supports for the biocontrol yeasts Aureobasidium pullulans M13, C10, R34 and P17, by use of nutrient yeast glucose (NYDA) agar and hydrogel spheres as the support matrix, then evaluates their impact on the production of volatile compounds (VOCs) and the subsequent in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity against Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum.

RESULTS

For the in vitro assay, VOCs secreted by the isolates C10 and M13 encased in the hydrogel spheres showed greater inhibitory activity on the mycelial growth of B. cinerea (70.30%) and C. acutatum (52.35%), respectively, with respect to NYDA. For solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, VOCs produced by the selected yeasts immobilized in the hydrogel spheres or cultured in the agar were identified. VOCs were grouped as alcohols, ketones, alkane and aldehyde, with phenylethyl alcohol and 1‐propanol‐2‐methyl being the most prominently produced. The analysis revealed variations in both quantity and composition of VOCs among the growth supports, indicating the hydrogel spheres as enhancer distinct metabolic pathways and substrate utilization of the isolates, particularly in the M13 isolate.

CONCLUSION

The antifungal activity of the VOCs produced in the hydrogel spheres by the isolates C10 and M13 was assessed on strawberries, demonstrating a significant reduction in disease incidences. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
MRI‐ARSACS: An Imaging Index for Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay (ARSACS) Identification Based on the Multicenter PROSPAX Study
Authors: Scaravilli Alessandra , Negroni Davide , Senatore Claudio , Ugga Lorenzo , Cosottini Mirco , Ricca Ivana , Bender Benjamin , Traschütz Andreas , Başak Ayşe Nazli , Vural Atay , van de Warrenburg Bart P. , Durr Alexandra , La Piana Roberta , Timmann Dagmar ,   PROSPAX Consortium, Schüle Rebecca , Synofzik Matthis , Santorelli Filippo Maria , Cocozza Sirio
Published: June 2024

Background

Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay (ARSACS) and hereditary spastic paraplegia type 7 (SPG7) represent the most common genotypes of spastic ataxia (SPAX). To date, their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features have only been described qualitatively, and a pure neuroradiological differential diagnosis between these two conditions is difficult to achieve.

Objectives

To test the performance of MRI measures to discriminate between ARSACS and SPG7 (as an index of common SPAX disease).

Methods

In this prospective multicenter study, 3D‐T1‐weighted images of 59 ARSACS (35.4 ± 10.3 years, M/F = 33/26) and 78 SPG7 (54.8 ± 10.3 years, M/F = 51/27) patients of the PROSPAX Consortium were analyzed, together with 30 controls (45.9 ± 16.9 years, M/F = 15/15). Different linear and surface measures were evaluated. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed, calculating area under the curve (AUC) and corresponding diagnostic accuracy parameters.

Results

The pons area proved to be the only metric increased exclusively in ARSACS patients (P = 0.02). Other different measures were reduced in ARSACS and SPG7 compared with controls (all with P ≤ 0.005). A cut‐off value equal to 1.67 of the pons‐to‐superior vermis area ratio proved to have the highest AUC (0.98, diagnostic accuracy 93%, sensitivity 97%) in discriminating between ARSACS and SPG7.

Conclusions

Evaluation of the pons‐to‐superior vermis area ratio can discriminate ARSACS from other SPAX patients, as exemplified here by SPG7. Hence, we hereby propose this ratio as the Magnetic Resonance Index for the Assessment and Recognition of patients harboring SACS mutations (MRI‐ARSACS), a novel diagnostic tool able to identify ARSACS patients and useful for discriminating ARSACS from other SPAX patients undergoing MRI. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Digital Gait Outcomes for Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay (ARSACS): Discriminative, Convergent, and Ecological Validity in a Multicenter Study (PROSPAX)
Authors: Beichert Lukas , Ilg Winfried , Kessler Christoph , Traschütz Andreas , Reich Selina , Santorelli Filippo M. , Başak Ayşe Nazli , Gagnon Cynthia ,   PROSPAX Consortium, Schüle Rebecca , Synofzik Matthis
Published: June 2024

Background

With treatment trials on the horizon, this study aimed to identify candidate digital‐motor gait outcomes for autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay (ARSACS), capturable by wearable sensors with multicenter validity, and ideally also ecological validity during free walking outside laboratory settings.

Methods

Cross‐sectional multicenter study (four centers), with gait assessments in 36 subjects (18 ARSACS patients; 18 controls) using three body‐worn sensors (Opal, APDM) in laboratory settings and free walking in public spaces. Sensor gait measures were analyzed for discriminative validity from controls, and for convergent (ie, clinical and patient relevance) validity by correlations with SPRSmobility (primary outcome) and Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS), and activities of daily living subscore of the Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS‐ADL) (exploratory outcomes).

Results

Of 30 hypothesis‐based digital gait measures, 14 measures discriminated ARSACS patients from controls with large effect sizes (|Cliff's δ| > 0.8) in laboratory settings, with strongest discrimination by measures of spatiotemporal variability Lateral Step Deviation (δ = 0.98), SPcmp (δ = 0.94), and Swing CV (δ = 0.93). Large correlations with the SPRSmobility were observed for Swing CV (Spearman's ρ = 0.84), Speed (ρ = −0.63), and Harmonic Ratio V (ρ = −0.62). During supervised free walking in a public space, 11/30 gait measures discriminated ARSACS from controls with large effect sizes. Large correlations with SPRSmobility were here observed for Swing CV (ρ = 0.78) and Speed (ρ = −0.69), without reductions in effect sizes compared with laboratory settings.

Conclusions

We identified a promising set of digital‐motor candidate gait outcomes for ARSACS, applicable in multicenter settings, correlating with patient‐relevant health aspects, and with high validity also outside laboratory settings, thus simulating real‐life walking with higher ecological validity. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Punicalagin Ameliorates Diabetic Liver Injury by Inhibiting Pyroptosis and Promoting Autophagy via Modulation of the FoxO1/TXNIP Signaling Pathway
Authors: Tan Xiuying , Long Yi , Zhang Rou , Zhang Yuhan , You Ziyi , Yang Lina
Published: June 2024

Diabetic liver injury (DLI) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus, which seriously jeopardizes human health. Punicalagin (PU), a polyphenolic compound mainly found in pomegranate peel, has been shown to ameliorate metabolic diseases such as DLI, and the mechanism needs to be further explored. In this study, a HFD/STZ‐induced diabetic mouse model is established to investigate the effect and mechanism of PU on DLI. The results show that PU intervention significantly improves liver histology and serum biochemical abnormalities in diabetic mice, significantly inhibits the expression of pyroptosis‐related proteins such as NLRP3, Caspase1, IL‐1β, and GSDMD in the liver of diabetic mice, and up‐regulated the expression of autophagy‐related proteins. Meanwhile, PU treatment significantly increases FoxO1 protein expression and inhibits TXNIP protein expression in the liver of diabetic mice. The above results are further verified in the HepG2 cell injury model induced by high glucose. AS1842856 is a FoxO1 specific inhibitor. The intervention of AS1842856 combined with PU reverses the regulatory effects of PU on pyroptosis and autophagy in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PU may inhibit pyroptosis and upregulate autophagy by regulating FoxO1/TXNIP signaling, thereby alleviating DLI.
All hands on deck: The multidisciplinary rehabilitation assessment and management of hand function in persons with neuromuscular disorders
Authors: O'Connell Colleen , Guo Meiqi , Soucy Béatrice , Calder Marla , Sparks Jeff , Plamondon Stephanie
Published: June 2024

Hand function is important in every aspect of our lives. Across a wide range of neuromuscular disorders—inherited ataxias, motor neuron diseases, polyneuropathies, and myopathies—people can experience losses in hand strength, tone, movement, dexterity, joint range, and sensation. Such changes can adversely affect function and independence in daily activities, reducing participation and quality of life. People with neuromuscular disorders (pwNMD) known to involve the hand should be assessed at regular intervals for changes both clinically and using impairment, performance, function, and patient‐reported outcome measures as appropriate. A patient‐centered approach to management is recommended, with clinicians partnering with the individual, their caregivers and the interprofessional teams to create personalized solutions that can overcome barriers to participation and best meet the goals of individuals affected by neuromuscular disorders. Management strategies should be multifaceted, and may include exercise, orthoses, assistive devices, technological solutions, environmental or task adaptations, medications, and/or surgery. Exercise recommendations and orthoses should be individualized and evolve based on disease progression, impairments, and functional limitations. While medications and surgery have a small role for specific clinical situations, there is a plethora of assistive and technological solutions to assist with basic and instrumental activities of daily living, work/education, and leisure for pwNMD with reduced hand function. In addition, clinicians should advocate for appropriate accommodations for reduced hand function at work/school, and the development of and adherence to legislation supporting accessibility and inclusion.
Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Information Security Attitude Questionnaire for nurses
Authors: Xie Wenguang , Li Jingrui , Liu Xiaoyu , Shu Yue , Yang Xinchen , Deng Yulu , Zhang Chao
Published: June 2024

Aim

Nurses play a crucial role within medical institutions, maintaining direct interaction with patient data. Despite this, there is a scarcity of tools for evaluating nurses' perspectives on patient information security. This study aimed to translate the Information Security Attitude Questionnaire into Chinese and validate its reliability and validity among clinical nurses.

Design

A cross‐sectional design.

Methods

A total of 728 clinical nurses from three hospitals in China participated in this study. The Information Security Attitude Questionnaire (ISA‐Q) was translated into Chinese utilizing the Brislin two‐way translation method. The reliability was assessed through internal consistency coefficient and test–retest reliability. The validity was determined through the Delphi expert consultation method and factor analysis.

Results

The Chinese version of ISA‐Q consists of 30 items. Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.930, and Cronbach's α coefficient of the six dimensions ranged from 0.781 to 0.938. The split‐half reliability and test–retest reliability were 0.797 and 0.848, respectively. The content validity index (S‐CVI) was 0.962. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 6‐factor structure supported by eigenvalues, total variance interpretation, and scree plots, accounting for a cumulative variance contribution rate of 69.436%. Confirmatory factor analysis further validated the 6‐factor structure, demonstrating an appropriate model fit.

Conclusion

The robust reliability and validity exhibited by the Chinese version of ISA‐Q establish it as a dependable tool for evaluating the information security attitudes of clinical nurses.

Implications for Nursing Practice

The Chinese iteration of the ISA‐Q questionnaire offers a profound insight into the information security attitudes held by clinical nurses. This understanding serves as a foundation for nursing managers to develop targeted intervention strategies aimed at fortifying nurses' information security attitudes, thereby enhancing patient safety.
A longitudinal investigation of mental health outcomes after the Henan floods in China: Examining predictors of resilience trajectories
Authors: Liu Xiaodi , Bao Mohan , Wang Xi , Zhou Guangyu
Published: June 2024

A heavy rainstorm struck Henan, China, in July 2021. Previous studies have indicated that natural disasters have a wide range of psychological sequelae, but little research has been done on the psychological effects of floods specifically. This study aimed to track the mental health trajectories of flood victims over time and identify associated protective and risk factors. People living in the areas most impacted by the flood (N = 376) were surveyed at four different time points: 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months post‐flood. Latent growth mixture modeling was utilized to delineate longitudinal patterns of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression, a supervised machine‐learning approach, was employed to discern predictors among 49 assessed variables at both contextual and personal levels. Results revealed three classes of PTSD (resilience, recovery, moderate symptoms) and anxiety (resilience, chronicity, recovery) trajectories, along with two classes of depression trajectories (resilience, chronicity). Key factors predicting resilience in mental health included personality traits, media consumption habits, pre‐existing health conditions at the individual level, and asset loss and ongoing adversities at the contextual level. In spite of the widespread impact of the flood, most victims displayed resilience in the face of adversity. Identifying critical factors across various psychological symptoms offers valuable insights for both pre‐disaster preparation and post‐disaster trans‐diagnostic psychological interventions.
Physical and psychosocial factors associated with fatigue in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Sawai Yutaka , Uno Akito , Tanaka Miho , Kanehara Akiko , Morishima Ryo , Kumakura Yousuke , Sakamoto Ichiro , Yagishita Sho , Jinde Seiichiro , Kasai Kiyoto
Published: June 2024

Aims

This study investigated fatigue in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), identifying both physical and psychosocial factors.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional web‐based survey of 125 parents of individuals with 22q11.2DS. Significant factors of fatigue were identified using bivariate analysis and forward stepwise binary logistic regression.

Results

Overall, 34% (42 of 125) of the participants reported fatigue. Bivariate analysis identified 37 variables linked with fatigue, of which 11 were significant in multivariable analysis: older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.07, 1.53], P = 0.008), history of auditory hypersensitivity (OR = 36.4, 95% CI [4.08, 323.8], P = 0.001), delayed motor development (OR = 10.4, 95% CI [1.78, 61.0], P = 0.009), difficulty participating in events (OR = 33.5, 95% CI [1.1, 1068.2], P = 0.047), inability to join groups (OR = 47.9, 95% CI [4.8, 481.7], P = 0.001), concerns about marriage (OR = 17.0, 95% CI [2.6, 112.7], P = 0.003), inability to attend facilities (OR = 20.4, 95% CI [1.4, 308.0], P = 0.029), poor coordination when changing medical facilities (OR = < 0.010, 95% CI [0, 0.014], P = 0.002), lack of understanding about the individual's condition (OR = 0.010, 95% CI [0, 0.502], P = 0.021), and requirement of visiting multiple departments within the hospital (OR = 46.6, 95% CI [1.9, 1124.6], P = 0.018).

Conclusions

Fatigue in 22q11.2DS is multifaceted, necessitating holistic fatigue management.
Temperature effect on tension formation in styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers
Authors: Bykov Alexey V , Demidenko Galina N , Stepacheva Antonina A , Markova Mariia E
Published: June 2024

Crosslinked polymers are considered to be promising materials for supporting catalysts that are effectively applied in different reactions. However, the application of polymer‐supported catalysts in high‐temperature processes is limited by their temperature stability. Besides thermal degradation, temperature changes can cause the restructuring of the polymer network because of changes in the valence angles and bond lengths. Thus, the study of the influence of temperature on the structure of crosslinked styrene–divinylbenzene (StDVB) copolymers is an important task. In this work, for the first time, the temperature effect limitations on StDVB copolymers are studied and justified. The changes in the polymer structure tension as well as in the specific surface area are studied using molecular dynamics simulation in the temperature range 77–723 K. Near‐cryogenic temperatures are not found to affect significantly the specific surface area. The heating of the polymer up to the temperature used for the reduction of catalysts (573 K) is shown to decrease the specific surface area by 11% because of an increase in the bond tension and valence angle deformation. Further increase in temperature leads to polymer decomposition. The results obtained can be considered for taking into account when applying polymer‐supported catalysts. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Outpatient prescription medications during the first year following combat‐related amputations and traumatic brain injury: A retrospective study
Authors: Melcer Ted , Perez Katheryne , Zouris James M. , Sazon Jocelyn , Sheu Robert , MacGregor Andrew , Galarneau Michael R.
Published: June 2024

Background

Prescription medications are an essential element of military amputation care programs.

Objectives

To analyze (1) outpatient prescription medications following combat‐related amputations, (2) longitudinal changes in prescription activity during the first year postinjury, and (3) patient characteristics associated with prescription medications.

Design

Retrospective study of military casualty records and outpatient prescription medications. Clinicians identified 13 medication categories based on American Hospital Formulary Service classifications.

Setting

Military amputation rehabilitation program.

Patients

1651 service members who sustained major limb amputations during 2001–2017.

Main Outcomes Measures

Prescription medication category, days' supply, opioid dosage.

Results

During the first year postinjury, patients averaged 65 outpatient prescriptions (new or refills, SD = 43.3) and 8 (SD = 1.9) of 13 medication categories. Nearly all patients (99%) had opioid prescriptions averaging high dosages with variation by patient characteristics and postinjury time. At least 84% of patients had prescriptions for one or more central nervous system, gastrointestinal, psychotherapeutic, immune/anti‐infective and/or nonopioid analgesic medications. Prescriptions declined from the first (92%) to fourth (73%) quarter postinjury. Many patients had prescription opioids (51%), central nervous system medications (43%), or psychotherapeutic medications (32%) during the fourth quarter. In regression models, multiple factors including White race/ethnicity (relative risk [RR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.06–1.28], p = .001), injury severity, traumatic brain injury, upper limb amputation (RR = 0.90; CI: [0.83–0.99], p = .020), multiple amputation (RR = 1.12 CI: [1.03–1.22], p = .008), phantom limb syndrome, chronic pain, and posttraumatic stress disorder were significantly associated with prescriptions (p's < .05).

Conclusions

Amputation care providers manage a high volume and wide range of prescription medications including multiple central nervous system drugs. The results show significant variation in prescription practices by patient characteristics and time postinjury. These findings can help optimize the benefits and reduce the risks of prescription medications and indicate areas for future research.
Interplant communication increases aphid resistance and alters rhizospheric microbes in neighboring plants of aphid‐infested cucumbers
Authors: Liu Xingchen , Du Changxia , Tan Yinqing , Yue Cong , Fan Huaifu
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Aphis gossypii Glover is a prevalent phytophagous insect that inflicts significant damage on cucumber plants. Recent studies have provided insights into plant communication and signal transduction within conspecifics. However, understanding of the effect of these communication mechanisms on adjacent cucumbers and their resident aphids, especially in the context of an aphid infestation, is still in its early stages.

RESULTS

Utilizing a partitioned root configuration, a tendency for aphids to gather on nearby cucumber leaves of non‐infested plants was observed. Furthermore, neighboring plants near aphid‐infested cucumber plants showed a reduction in aphid reproduction rates. Concurrently, these plants exhibited a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, along with enhanced defensive and antioxidant enzymatic responses. Analysis of the microbial community in the rhizosphere showed significant differences in species composition among the samples. Among these, the bacterial families Microbacteriaceae and Rhizobiaceae, along with the fungal species Leucocoprinus ianthinus and Mortierella globalpina, exhibited increases in their relative abundance in cucumber seedlings located near aphid‐infested plants. Significantly, this study unveiled robust correlations between dominant microbial phyla and physiological indicators, primarily associated with aphid resistance mechanisms in plants.

CONCLUSION

The results show that aphid‐infested cucumber plants trigger oxidative stress responses in adjacent seedlings through complex interplant communication mechanisms. In addition, these plants cause changes in the composition of the rhizospheric microbial community and the physiological activity of neighboring plants, consequently boosting their natural resistance to aphids. This study provides essential theoretical foundations to guide the development of sustainable strategies for managing cucumber aphids. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synergistic action and mechanism of scoparone, a key bioactive component of Artemisia capillaris, and spirodiclofen against spider mites
Authors: Zhou Hong , Wan Fenglin , Lai Xiangning , Yan Fangfang , Zhang Miao , Ni Yi , Guo Yutong , Zhang Pan , Guo Fuyou , Klakong Matthana , Peng Gen , Guo Wenhan , Zeng Xinru , Zhang Zongjin , Pan Xingbing , Liu Yu , Yang Liang , Li Shili , Ding Wei
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Plants have numerous defensive secondary metabolites to withstand insect attacks. Scoparone, which is extracted from the medicinal plant Artemisia capillaris, has potent acaricidal effects on Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Spirodiclofen, derived from a tetronic acid derivative, is a potent commercial acaricide that is extensively used globally. However, whether scoparone has synergistic effects when used in conjunction with spirodiclofen and the underlying synergistic mechanism remains unclear.

RESULTS

Scoparone exhibited a potent synergistic effect when it was combined with spirodiclofen at a 1:9 ratio. Subsequently, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) activity, RNA‐Seq and qPCR assays indicated that the enzyme activity of P450 and the expression of one P450 gene from T. cinnabarinus, TcCYP388A1, were significantly inhibited by scoparone and spirodiclofen + scoparone; conversely, P450 was activated in spirodiclofen‐exposed mites. Importantly, RNAi‐mediated silencing of the TcCYP388A1 gene markedly increased the susceptibility of spider mites to spirodiclofen, scoparone and spirodiclofen + scoparone, and in vitro, the recombinant TcCYP388A1 protein could metabolize spirodiclofen. Molecular docking and functional analyses further indicated that R117, which is highly conserved in Arachnoidea species, may be a vital specific binding site for scoparone in the mite TcCYP388A1 protein. This binding site was subsequently confirmed using mutagenesis data, which revealed that this binding site was the sole site selected by scoparone in spider mites over mammalian or fly CYP388A1.

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicate that the synergistic effects of scoparone and spirodiclofen on mites occurs through the inhibition of P450 activity, thus reducing spirodiclofen metabolism. The synergistic effect of this potent natural product on the detoxification enzyme‐targeted activity of commercial acaricides may offer a sustainable strategy for pest mite resistance management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
State estimation and structure identification of complex networks with time‐varying delays and model uncertainty based on probabilistic graph neural network
Authors: Ma Libin , Wang Mao
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the state estimation problem and structure identification problem are investigated for an array of complex networks with time‐varying delays and model uncertainty. Model uncertainty is generated by uncertain connections between nodes in complex networks. Combining probabilistic graph model and graph neural network, a probabilistic graph neural network is proposed to deal with the uncertainty, and the multiple linear terms of the errors between nodes are estimated. The purpose of the addressed state estimation problem is to design a state estimator such that, in the presence of the model uncertainty, the estimation error to converge to zero can be guaranteed and the explicit expression of the estimator parameters is given. Based on a Lyapunov function, the parameters of the estimator and the updating laws of the weights of probabilistic graph neural network can be obtained by the solutions to linear matrix inequalities. The purpose of the addressed structure identification problem is to infer a definite graph structure model based on Bayes' theorem in the presence of a stable probabilistic graph neural network and state estimator. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed state estimation and structure identification scheme.
Changemakers: Educational psychology's role in fostering sustainable behaviors
Authors: Tung Tran Minh , Lan Duong Hoai , Cuc Tran Thi Kim , Oanh Vo Thi Kim , Benavides Paul Allen
Published: June 2024

This study explores how educational psychology can empower individuals and organizations to embrace sustainable practices. Considering the complex challenges of achieving sustainable development (balancing economic growth with environ‐mental health and social well‐being), the research investigates the field's potential in developing essential skills and mindsets. Through a systematic literature review and Vietnamese higher education case studies, the study examines how educational psychology principles can be incorporated into curriculum design, pedagogy, and evaluation methodologies. The research focuses on fostering pro‐environmental behavior, sustainable leadership, and social awareness/inclusiveness. Qualitative analysis, including thematic and content analysis, unveils strategies to equip individuals with the skills needed to navigate the complexities of sustainable development. The research analyzes successful applications of educational psychology in both business and societal sustainability efforts. It demonstrates how psychological principles can motivate individuals and organizations toward sustainable practices, design interventions for behavioral change, and build collaborative cultures that address social inequities.
Model‐based bioequivalence approach for sparse pharmacokinetic bioequivalence studies: Model selection or model averaging?
Authors: Philipp Morgane , Tessier Adrien , Donnelly Mark , Fang Lanyan , Feng Kairui , Zhao Liang , Grosser Stella , Sun Guoying , Sun Wanjie , Mentré France , Bertrand Julie
Published: June 2024

Conventional pharmacokinetic (PK) bioequivalence (BE) studies aim to compare the rate and extent of drug absorption from a test (T) and reference (R) product using non‐compartmental analysis (NCA) and the two one‐sided test (TOST). Recently published regulatory guidance recommends alternative model‐based (MB) approaches for BE assessment when NCA is challenging, as for long‐acting injectables and products which require sparse PK sampling. However, our previous research on MB‐TOST approaches showed that model misspecification can lead to inflated type I error. The objective of this research was to compare the performance of model selection (MS) on R product arm data and model averaging (MA) from a pool of candidate structural PK models in MBBE studies with sparse sampling. Our simulation study was inspired by a real case BE study using a two‐way crossover design. PK data were simulated using three structural models under the null hypothesis and one model under the alternative hypothesis. MB‐TOST was applied either using each of the five candidate models or following MS and MA with or without the simulated model in the pool. Assuming T and R have the same PK model, our simulation shows that following MS and MA, MB‐TOST controls type I error rates at or below 0.05 and attains similar or even higher power than when using the simulated model. Thus, we propose to use MS prior to MB‐TOST for BE studies with sparse PK sampling and to consider MA when candidate models have similar Akaike information criterion.
The Use of a Surgical Logbook to Improve Training and Patient Safety: A Retrospective Analysis of 6 Years’ Experience in Bristol, UK
Authors: Wasson Elizabeth , Thandi Charankumal , Bray Adam
Published: June 2024

Background

Logbooks can be a useful educational tool. Although their use in medical training has been greatly explored, there is limited research into their application throughout a clinician’s career. We created a surgical logbook to allow clinicians to record their skin surgery procedures and reflect on the histological diagnosis and clearance margins achieved.

Objectives

We provide a retrospective analysis to evaluate the usefulness of the logbook as an analytical and educational tool in a dermatology department, particularly for maintaining exemplary complete excision rates.

Methods

Data was collected from clinicians who conducted skin surgery in Bristol, UK. Cases were entered at the time of surgery, collecting data on body site, clinical margin, suspected diagnosis, type of procedure and closure. Following receipt of histological results, data on histological excision margins and tumour type was entered. Each clinician submitted data for a minimum of 3 months each year, and data collection ran from April 2012 until March 2018.

Results

Data from 5161 excision surgeries was collected over the 6-year period. On histological diagnosis, excisions constituted 50% Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), 12% Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), 9% Malignant Melanoma (MM) and 1% Lentigo Maligna (LM), and 28% ‘Other’ (rarer malignancies, melanoma wide local excision scars and pre-cancerous/benign lesions). The department was found to have good diagnostic concordance: BCC 92%, SCC 87%, MM 80% and LM 53%. Overall complete excision rate was high at 97.07%. The most successfully excised cancer was BCC (97.50%), then SCC (97.14%) MM (96.48%) and LM (95.23%). The department provided many complex surgeries including 8.3% flaps and 8.5% grafts. Average lesion diameter was 11 mm (range 2–90 mm). There was a significant improvement in excision rates seen over the years for BCC, MM and LM. Although there was no significant difference found for SCC, this group began the study with already high clearance rates.

Conclusion

This surgical logbook supports improved training and continues professional development. We encourage more departments to use this logbook and share the data that they produce. This could improve their excision rates, patient experience, and save them up to £28 000 per year.
Two Novel Visible‐Light‐Active Borate Composites Photocatalysts: 2 %Pt/Gd0.85Ce0.15B5O9 and 2.5 %CuO/Gd0.90Ce0.10B5O9
Authors: Sun Xiaorui , Xie Yaxin , Liu Shumin , Li Yan , Zhao Xianfeng , Yang Jia , Huang Huisheng
Published: June 2024

One of the important research components of photocatalytic research is the development of new photocatalysts, and recent studies have shown the rise of borate‐type photocatalysts. This paper focuses on the photoreduction of potassium dichromate and the photodegradation of rhodamine B by two borate composites under simulated sunlight. A coral‐like borate was obtained by sol‐gel preparation and then assembled by photodeposition with Pt nanoparticles dots or CuO particles to obtain the new composites with excellent performance. The kinetic constants of photocatalytic properties of 2 %Pt/Gd0.85Ce0.15B5O9 and 2.5 %CuO/Gd0.90Ce0.10B5O9 samples in the reduction and degradation reactions are 0.0050 min−1 and 0.0150 min−1, which are 25 and 4.2 times of the intrinsic GdB5O9 sample respectively. The results of the study indicate the research promise of developing new visible photocatalysts based on borates, especially for photocatalytic applications for pollutant removal.
Europium‐Activated Perovskite Cubical SrZrO3 Red Phosphor: Synthesis, Characterization, and Sustainable Applications in PC‐LEDs and Environmental Forensic Analysis
Authors: Abdulkalam N. , Rajkumar G. , Kumar Paskalis Sahaya Murphin , Li Yuan‐Yao , Kennedy S. M. M. , Ganesan Sivarasan , Ponnusamy V. , Liu Xinghui , Lo Huang‐Mu
Published: June 2024

A series of SrZrO3 : Eu3+ nano phosphors synthesized by a modified high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. The structural, functional vibration groups, optical, morphological, luminescence and quantum yield studies were characterized through XRD, FTIR, UV, ‘SEM & HR‐TEM’ and PL analyses respectively. The SrZrO3 : Eu3+ phosphor has a perovskite orthorhombic structure and emits intense red emission around 612 nm when it is excited under 465 nm and covers NUV light range. The calculated average lifetime indicates the nature of the allowed emission transition in Eu3+ (2.44 μs). The calculated colour purity and Commission International del’ Eclairagethe (CIE) chromaticity coordinates are 97.9 % and (0.5894, 0.4031) respectively. The observed quantum yield and thermal stability for the SrZrO3 : Eu3+ (9 mol %) phosphor are 22 % and 87 % at 423 K, respectively. These obtained results suggest that SrZrO3 : Eu3+ (9 mol %) phosphor would meliorate for red‐emitting phosphor in profound RGB‐based pc‐WLED applications.