bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Анализ дорожно-транспортных происшествий и его роль в обеспечении безопасности дорожного движения
Authors: Калауов Сайдулла
Published: June 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются место и роль анализа в системе обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения, с точки зрения основы при принятии управляющих решений. Выделены виды анализа дорожно-транспортных происшествий, а также проанализированы показатели аварийности, выявлены их преимущества и недостатки. Отмечается, что в качестве основного метода анализа аварийности применяется метод сопоставления, для использования которого нужно четко представлять, какие объекты, процессы, факторы следует сопос­тавлять между собой, по каким характеристикам, свойствам, показателям должно проводиться сопоставление, какая конкретная расчетная процедура должна быть положена в основу сопоставле­ния. Отдельного внимания заслуживает изучение и сопоставление динамики изменения показателей аварийности, являющейся наиболее распространенным методом анализа, как абсолютных показателей, так и любых удельных и относительных показателей. Выделяется несколько основных методов изучения и сопоставления динамики изменения состояния аварийности, которые могут эффективно использоваться для оценки результатов деятельности по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения, выявлению неблагоприятных тенденций, а также являются основанием для дальнейшего анализа, направлен­ного на выяснение причин этих неблагоприятных изменений с целью принятия необходимых предупредительных мер. Рассмотрен метод анализа дорожно-транспортных ситуаций, позволяющий формировать способности прогнозировать развитие событий на дорогах, а также  рассчитанный на предупреждение дорожно-транспортных происшествий.
Проблемы занятости в Узбекистане в условиях пандемии covid-19
Authors: Зокирова Нодира
Published: June 2021

В статье анализируется влияние пандемии COVID-19 на занятость и доходы населения. На примере Республики Узбекистан рассмотрена антикризисная политика правительства, предусматривающая    макроэкономическое и монетарное регулирование национальной экономики, прямую финансовую поддержку предприятий и предпринимателей, кредитные послабления и каникулы для юридических и физических лиц, организация общественных работ и благотворительных мероприятий для безработных.
Инглиз ва ўзбек тилларида “Дўстлик” концептини ифодаловчи тил бирликларининг этик ва семантик талқини
Authors: Абдуназарова Нилуфар
Published: June 2021

Мазкур мақолада “дўстлик” концептини реализация қилишда меҳр муҳаббат, дўстлик, бахт, қалб-юрак каби лексемаларда инсон ҳис-туйғулари   тушунчасининг ифодаланиши билан боғлиқ лингвосемантик концептуал хусусиятлар ва улардаги ўзига хос этик (ахлоқий) ва семантик жиҳатлар  талқин этилади. Бадиий адабиёт, кундалик муносабатларда бахтни мустаҳкамлаш учун айрим шартларнинг бўлиши лозимлиги таъкидланади. Бунда дўстлик, меҳр-муҳаббат, фаровонлик, яхшилик қилиш, тарбиялилик, сахийлик, бағрикенглик каби хислатлар кўзда тутилади.
Ўзбекистонда деҳқон хўжаликларига қарши совет ҳукумати иқтисодий босимининг кучайиши (1927–1929 йиллар)
Authors: Аҳмедов Дилшодбек
Published: June 2021

Ушбу мақолада қишлоқ хўжалигини ёппасига коллектив-лаштириш арафасида Ўзбекистонда “қулоқ” деб тавсиф-ланувчи тадбиркор деҳқон хўжаликларига нисбатан совет давлатининг иқтисодий босим сиёсати ёритилган. “Қулоқ” хўжаликларини иқтисодий жиҳатдан чеклаш ва сиқиб чиқаришнинг меъёрий-ҳуқуқий асослари таҳлил этилиб, Ўзбекистон бўйича индивидуал солиқ мажбурияти юкланган деҳқон хўжаликлари миқдори бўйича умумлаш-тирилган маълумотлар берилган.
Марказий Фарғона сув хўжалиги қурилишига капитал маблағлар сарфланишининг ортиб бориши ва пахта яккаҳокимлиги cиёсатининг янада кучайиши (XX асрнинг 50-70 йиллари мисолида)
Authors: Рузикулова Мафтуна
Published: June 2021

Мақолада XX асрнинг 50-70-йилларида Марказий Фарғонада марказнинг пахтачиликни янада ривожлантиришга доир олиб борган чора-тадбирлари, ана шу мақсадларда йирик суғориш каналлари ва насос станцияларининг барпо этилиши оқибатида республикада пахта яккаҳокимлиги сиёсатининг кучайиб борганлиги архив манбалари ва тарихшунослик материаллари асосида таҳлил қилинган. Бундан ташқари, ишда Марказий Фарғона қўриқ, бўз ерларининг ўзлаштирилиши, суғорилиши жараёнлари, шунингдек, совет ҳокимиятининг пахта яккаҳокимлиги сиёсати таъсирида бу ерда пахтачиликка ихтисослашган туман ва совхозларнинг ташкил қилиниши ҳамда марказга пахта етиштириб беришнинг ортиб бориши ва унинг салбий оқибатлари бирламчи манбалар ёрдамида таҳлил қилинган. Бундан ташқари, водийдаги янги ерларни ўзлаштириш тадбирларига давлат бюджети ва колхозларнинг бўлинмас жамғармасидан капитал маблағлар ажратишнинг йилдан-йилга ортиб борганлиги хронологик тарзда баён қилинган.
Жиноят ишлари юритувида реабилитациянинг моҳияти ва ҳуқуқий асослари таҳлили
Authors: Сатторов Алишер
Published: June 2021

Ушбу мақолада шахсни ноқонуний жиноий таъқиб ва айбловдан, ҳуқуқ ва эркинликларини чеклашдан  ҳимоя қилишнинг муаммоли масалалари таҳлил этилган. Шунингдек, ноқонуний ёки асоссиз жиноий айблов натижасида етказилган зиённи қоплаш тартиби муҳокама этилган. Қонунчиликни такомиллаштириш юзасидан  таклифлар  асослантирилган.
Туркий халқларнинг тотемистик ва этномифологик қарашларида бўри тимсоли
Authors: Алибеков Умурзоқ , Умарова Азиза
Published: June 2021

Тотемизм негизида инсоннинг ҳайвондан, ўсимликдан ёки жонсиз нарсадан тарқалганлигига ишониш ётади. Туркий тилли халқларда ҳайвонларга сиғиниш этноснинг шаклланиши ва ривожланишининг илк босқичларида шаклланган. Ишимизнинг мақсади Олтой, Ёқутистон, Хакассия, Бошқирдистон, Кавказ, Марказий Осиёдаги туркий халқларнинг, ҳамда мўғуллар, хазарлар ва хитойликларнинг тотемистик ва мифологик қарашларида  бўрининг тимсоли қандай ўрин эгаллаётганини кўрсатишдан иборат. Мазкур муаммо Н.Я.Бичурин, Л.Гумилёв, Ф.Урманчеев, С.Плетнёва, А.Абдураҳмонов, Л.Текеева каби олимлар томонидан тадқиқ қилинди. Мақолада туркий халқлар этномаданиятида бўрига бўлган муносабат кўриб чиқилди. Туркий халқларнинг диний ва этномифологик қарашларида бўрини эъзозлаш, ҳамда у билан боғлиқ бўлган урф-одатлар ва маросимлар таҳлил қилинди.
Определение ведущих педагогических закономерностей и основополагающих принципов формирования информационной культуры детей школьного возраста
Authors: Йулдошев Уткир , Жуманкузиев Уктамжон
Published: June 2021

В статье рассматриваются определение ведущих педагогических закономерностей и основополагающих принципов формирования информационной культуры детей школьного возраста
Determinan Kecukupan Modal Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2015 - 2018
Authors: Kurniawan Luthfi , Tanjung Marlina , Mulyantini Sri
Published: June 2021

AbstractCapital is a basic element in running a business. Capital adequacy for Islamic banking is one of the main indicators for assessing the performance of Islamic banking. This study aims to examine the factors that affect capital adequacy in the Islamic banks in Indonesia. This study will examine the impact of profitability, non-performing financing, liquidity, efficiency, and bank size on capital adequacy in the Islamic banks in Indonesia. The data used in this study is secondary data with the sample collection method using saturated sampling. Thus, the population and sample are the same, namely 14 Islamic Commercial Banks. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and panel data regression analysis with the E-views 10 application and Microsoft Excel 2016. This study found that partially, from the five variables tested, there were four independent variables that had an influence on capital adequacy, namely probability profitability, liquidity, efficiency and bank size. Meanwhile, the non-performing financing variable does not have a significant effect on the capital adequacy of Islamic Banks in Indonesia.AbstrakModal merupakan unsur pokok dalam menjalankan bisnis. Kecukupan modal bagi perbankan syariah menjadi salah satu indikator utama penilaian kesehatan perbankan syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kecukupan modal bank syariah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini akan menguji dampak profitabilitas, pembiayaan bermasalah, likuiditas, efisiensi, dan  ukuran bank terhadap kecukupan modal bank syariah di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan metode pengumpulan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh, dengan populasi dan sampel sama banyak yaitu 14 Bank Umum Syariah. Teknik analisis data dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi data panel dengan aplikasi E-views 10 dan Microsoft Excel 2016. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa secara parsial, dari lima variabel yang diuji, terdapat empat variabel independen yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap kecukupan modal, yaitu probabilitas, likuiditas, efisiensi dan ukuran bank. Sementara itu, variabel pembiayaan bermasalah tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecukupan modal bank syariah di Indonesia.
Prácticas de genética
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Iracema del Carmen , Burgara Estrella Alexel Jesús , Ruiz Bustos Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Este manual sirve de apoyo para las materias teóricas relacionadas con la genética, que se imparten en las áreas de ciencias químico-biológicas. Nos presenta las diversas técnicas genéticas, a saber, la electroforesis en gel, digestión de ADN, reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, técnicas de hibridación, secuenciación de ADN, además de clonación y expresión de genes. Está conformado por un total de diez prácticas que contienen los formatos de reporte y va acompañado de un glosario general.
DETERMINATION OF NOUN-VERBS IN AĞRIDAĞI EFSANESI
Authors: TÜRK Osman
Published: June 2021

Verbs in Turkish morphology; It has an important place in terms of preventing unnecessary repetitions by providing a short way to convey what is told, facilitating the transfer of thoughts to be told, making the language fluent and strong by connecting sentences easily and fluently. Noun-verbs in the group of verbs in Turkish, with the addition of -mAk (-mak, -mek), -mA (-ma, -me), -İş (-iş, -iş, -uş, -ş) to the verb stem or body. they are created. Noun-verbs tell the verb's payment and the nouns of the verbs regardless of person and tense. In this page, the noun-verbs and noun-verb affixes in the Legend of Yaşar Kemal's Ağrıdağı, the words that have written names, were determined by scanning method. The words in which the detected nouns-verbs are included are classified according to their structures. The study has been put into writing by adding the place-defined and text numbers of the noun-verbs determined because it is in the text. With the data obtained, the usage numbers of nouns and verbs were given and targeted certain inferences
TYPES OF RIGHTS FOR REFUGEES
Authors:   Faiza BENNACER, SLIME Soulef
Published: June 2021

International protection of refugees is one of the most important issues both at the domestic level of States and at the international level. Refugee protection is a human rights issue, but it is unique to refugee because of their status in the asylum State. As a result, many of the rights enjoyed by the latter within the framework of the so-called international protection of refugee, as enshrined in the 1951 United Nation Convention on refugees, as well as human rights charters, have been recognized.
Pectoralis Major Tendon as Landmark for Proximal Humerus Surgery: A Cadaveric Study on the Adult Filipino Population
Authors: Dizon Patrick M. , Yu Daniel William T. , Rubio Donnel Alexis T.
Published: June 2021

Objective. It is common to get lost during a comminuted proximal humerus surgery, and the pectoralis major insertion is always a constant. Therefore, this study aimed to do a cadaveric study on the Filipino population to assess the distance from the pectoralis major tendon to the top of the humeral head (PMT) as a reference during proximal humerus surgery.

Methods. This study dissected the shoulders of cadavers. The distance from the pectoralis major tendon insertion to the top of the humeral head (PMT) was measured using a caliper. This PMT distance was also correlated to the cadaver's height and sex.

Results. This study dissected 110 shoulders (55 cadavers | 24 females, 31 males). The median PMT was 5.40 cm for males and 4.90 cm for females, with a combined value of 5.40 cm overall. There was a direct and moderate correlation between the PMT with overall height. Height and PMT of both the left and right shoulder were significantly longer among males compared to females. The study showed that for every centimeter increase in the height of males, there was a corresponding 0.02 cm increase in the PMT, adding the constant factor of 1.83. A corresponding 0.04 cm increase in the PMT for females added the constant factor of -0.81.

Conclusion. The pectoralis major tendon insertion is a consistent landmark that can accurately restore humeral length when reconstructing complex proximal humerus fractures where landmarks are otherwise lost because of comminution.
Reliability of the Penny and Beit CURE Radiologic Classifications of Pediatric Patients with Chronic Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in the Philippine General Hospital
Authors: Araneta Karla Teresa S. , Javier Juanito S.
Published: June 2021

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the inter- and intraobserver reliability of the Penny and Beit CURE radiologic classifications of pediatric patients with Chronic Hematogenous Osteomyelitis (CHOM) in the Philippine General Hospital (PGH).

Methods. Thirty-four pre-operative radiographs of PGH pediatric patients with CHOM were classified by seven orthopedic surgeons using both Penny and Beit CURE Classification systems. Two sets of radiographs were sent to the surgeons twice, four weeks apart, to classify. The Fleiss and Cohen κ statistics were used to determine inter- and intraobserver reliabilities, respectively.

Results. The Penny Classification had a slight to fair interobserver reliability (Fleiss κ = 0.17 and 0.24) and a fair intraobserver reliability (Cohen κ =0.35) with a 49.58% average intraobserver agreement. The interobserver reliability when including all Beit CURE classification subtypes was fair (κ = 0.28 and 0.31). This improved to moderate (κ = 0.41 and 0.54) when using only the four main types of the Beit CURE classification with a 77.31% intraobserver agreement.

Conclusion. The Beit CURE classification for pediatric CHOM had higher inter- and intraobserver agreement rates than the Penny classification. Further improvement in reliability can be made by combining B2 and B3 subtypes under the Beit CURE classification.
Klasik ve Modern Dönemde Yalan Haberin Tespiti: Hadis Usûlü ve Doğrulama Platformları Özelinde Mukayeseli Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: YÜCEER Mustafa , ÇAKIR Furkan
Published: June 2021

İnsanlık tarihinde haberin teyidine duyulan ihtiyaçtan dolayı “kim” ve “ne demiş” soruları haberlere yöneltilerek doğrulukları inceleme konusu olmuştur. Hadislerinin ilahi bir yönü olduğu kabulünden hareketle, Hz. Peygamberin haberleri de günümüze kadar incelenmiştir. Ne var ki muhtelif zamanlarda onun adına haber uydurma girişimlerinde bulunulmuştur. Hadis alimleri de bu faaliyetlerin önüne geçmek için isnad, ricâl ve cerh tadil gibi uygulamalar geliştirerek yalan haber uyduranları tespit etmiş, uydurdukları haberleri de bir araya getirerek deşifre etmişlerdir. Modern dönemde ise teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte yalan haber üretimi hız kazanmıştır. İnsan faktörünü devre dışı bırakacak bot, cyborg gibi bilgisayar destekli uygulamalardan faydalanan yalan haber üreticileri ortaya çıkmış, siyaset başta olmak üzere ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik anlamda dezenformasyonlar kendini göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte küreselden yerele doğru uzanan bir dizi önleyici tedbir alma düşüncesi, sivil inisiyatifler tarafından doğrulama platformlarının kurulmasını sağlamıştır. Bu makalede klasik dönem hadis usûlünün kullandığı yöntemler ile modern dönem doğrulama platformlarının ilkeleri arasında bir ilişki kurulmuş ve her iki yöntemin ortak noktaları, ayrıldıkları yerler ile çalışma prensipleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca klasik ve modern dönemde kim demiş ve ne demiş gibi sorular etrafında şekillenen metodolojiler, örneklerle izah edilmiştir.
Nazife Şişman Düşüncesinde Dijitallik ve Din
Authors: KARAARSLAN Ömür Nihal , GENÇOĞLU Aylin Yonca
Published: June 2021

Enformasyon teknolojilerinin hızla gelişmesiyle birlikte dijital süreçler toplumsal hayatın hemen her alanına nüfuz etmektedir. Sosyal bilimlerde bu alana yönelik geniş bir literatür şimdiden oluşmuş durumda. Fakat dijital çağın farklı kültürler açısından anlamı hala incelenmeye muhtaç görünmektedir. Bu çalışma söz konusu ihtiyaca binaen çalışmalarını şekillendiren Nazife Şişman’ın dijital kültüre, bu kültürün dinle ilişki biçimlerine dair ortaya koyduğu fikirleri konu edinmektedir. Şişman dijital süreçleri, mevcut literatürün teorik yaklaşımları ve kavramsal çerçeveleri üzerinden analiz etmekte, dijitalliğin din ile ilişkisini çalışmalarında merkeze almaktadır. O temelde meseleyi dört boyutta incelemektedir. Bunlar: Yaşanan gerçeklikle dijital dünyanın gerçekliğinin iç içe geçmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan bir gerçeklik kaybı. Dijital teknolojilerin gündelik hayata hakimiyetinin biçimlendirdiği kültür. Bu kültürün Müslümanın dünyaya bakışı ve kimliğine etkileri. Dijitalleşmenin bilgininin üretimi, niteliği ve dolaşım hızında getirdiği dönüşümler. Şişman’a göre dijital toplum, insanın bedeninde, gündelik yaşam pratiklerinde, ritüellerinde köklü bir dönüşümü üretmiştir. Böylelikle yeni bir gerçeklik evreni şekillenmiştir. Makale, Şişman’ın bu temel üzerinden ayrıntılandırdığı görüşlerine odaklanmaktadır. Onun fikirlerinin eleştirel bir gözle incelenmesine odaklanan çalışma, Müslüman dünyanın dijitallikle ilişkisine dair bir izlek sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu anlamda çalışma, söz konusu literatürün teorik tartışma eşliğinde değerlendirilmesiyle oluşturulmuştur.
Five new species of Dichaetomyia from the Malagasy Subregion (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Zielke Eberhard
Published: June 2021

Five new species of the genus Dichaetomyia are described from Madagascar. Two species, Dichaetomyia analama sp. n. and D. necoa sp. n. belong to the subgenus Panaga. Three other species, D. amboha sp. n., D. blackia sp. n. and D. tantelya sp. n. are members of the subgenus Dichaetomyia. The body colour in normal light conditions of the five species is predominantly yellowish or grey to dark brown or blackish like most of the Afrotropical species of Dichaetomyia.
Un proyecto jesuita a favor de la democracia
Authors: Rodríguez Jiménez Rafael Ignacio
Published: June 2021

En la primera década del siglo xx, hay un proyecto sociopolítico de algunos jesuitas, previo a la Revolución mexicana. ¿En qué medida los jesuitas estaban implicados políticamente durante la primera etapa de la Revolución? En este estudio muestro cómo este proyecto es confrontado con Francisco I. Madero, al principio de la Revolución, y las alternativas sociopolíticas que inician los jesuitas después del asesinato de Madero. El tema predominante de este escrito radica en tres líneas fundamentales: la implementación del catolicismo social en México impulsada por la jerarquía católica.

El catolicismo social como una forma de cristalizar la doctrina de la democracia cristiana propuesta por León XIII; y el papel de la Compañía de Jesús como instancia articuladora que organiza los esfuerzos de muchos militantes católicos en el país. Como ejemplo de la acción sociopolítica desarrollada por los jesuitas en ese momento se puede señalar la fundación del Partido Católico Nacional.
Academic Privilege and Modern Scholasticism: Secular Transcendence and Wordly Immanence
Authors: Dube Saurabh
Published: June 2021

This essay explores issues of worldly immanence and secular transcendence by focusing on modern scholasticism. Such scholasticisms intimate pervasive procedures that turn their particular case into the general story while forgetting the conditions that make this possible. It is exactly such spectacular conjuring that the essay refers to as secular transcendence: implicit assumptions of immaculate knowledge that occlude and ignore the traces and tracks of its maculate birth in the world. Against this is contrasted the presence of worldly immanence, which militates against routine assumptions of the disenchantment of – and detachment toward – the world. Seizing upon such worldly immanence, the essay critically explores how modern scholasticism and secular transcendence formidably beget and betoken the cultural privilege of academic arenas, embodied at once in the latter’s conceptual conventions as well as their everyday life-worlds.
Moneda y crédito en una economía en transformación. Santa Fe, Argentina (1858-1883)
Authors: Martirén Juan Luis
Published: June 2021

El artículo analiza las trayectorias del circulante monetario y las tasas de interés corriente (de descuento en plaza, bancaria y de crédito notariado) en la provincia de Santa Fe entre 1858 y 1883. Se trata de un período de crucial importancia, en tanto abarca el ciclo de expansión de la plata amonedada boliviana feble (en sus distintas variantes) y de los primeros bancos de emisión. La evidencia presentada incluye series temporales sobre tasas de interés y cotización de la moneda para el período bajo análisis, confeccionadas sobre la base de publicaciones periódicas de la ciudad de Rosario y libros de contabilidad de empresas de colonización de Santa Fe. Los resultados indican que, pese a los problemas inherentes a su calidad intrínseca, el metálico amonedado boliviano permitió ampliar la oferta de crédito que necesitaba una economía en rápida expansión, al operar como reserva de valor de un nuevo circulante en billete creado por bancos de emisión. Esto redundó además en una trayectoria decreciente del nivel de tasas de interés (con excepción de la coyuntura crítica de 1876) hasta la adopción de la unificación monetaria de inicios de la década de 1880.
Öğretmenlerin Sınıf Liderlikleri Konusundaki Farkındalıklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: YILDIZ ARIGANOĞLU Emine
Published: June 2021

Sınıf lideri olan öğretmen sınıfta öğretim sorumluluklarını yerine getiren, okul ortamında idarecilerle, meslektaşlarıyla, öğrencilerle ve velilerle iletişimi iyi olan, zamanını etkin ve verimli bir şekilde kullanan, yeniliklere ve değişimlere açık, kendini geliştirmeye yönelik çalışmalar yapan, öğrencilerine karşı demokratik tutum sergileyen kişi olarak tanımlanabilir. Öğretmenlerin kendilerinde var olan liderlik özelliklerinin ne kadar farkında olduğunu belirlemek bu çalışmanın ana çerçevesini oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın problem cümlesi “Öğretmenlerin sınıf liderliği konusundaki farkındalıkları nasıldır?” olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Adana ilindeki farklı kademelerde görev yapan öğretmenlerin sınıf liderlikleri konusundaki farkındalıkların incelenmesidir. Araştırma karma modelde açıklayıcı ardışık desen kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma örneklemini Adana ilinde merkez ilçelerde (Çukurova, Seyhan, Yüreğir ve Sarıçam) görev yapmakta olan öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır. Nicel boyutta 406, nitel boyutta 16 öğretmen ile çalışılmıştır. İlk olarak, Öğretmen Sınıfı Liderlik Ölçeği ile nicel veriler toplanmıştır. Daha sonra araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan Öğretmen Sınıfı Liderlik Görüşme Formu aracılığıyla araştırmaya nicel ölçekte katılan öğretmenler arasından seçilen öğretmenlerle görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğretmenlerin sınıf liderliği konusundaki farkındalıklarının yüksek düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin sınıf liderlikleri konusundaki farkındalıkları cinsiyete göre farklılaşmazken; kıdem, branş, çalışılan kademe ve okulun sosyoekonomik düzeyine göre farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın nitel boyutunda ise öğretmenlerin kendi okullarındaki sınıf liderliklerini olumsuz algıladıkları, ancak kendi sınıf liderliklerini olumlu algıladıkları görülmüştür.
From the ‘Fragile Rationalist’ to ‘Collective Resilience': What Human Psychology Has Taught Us about the Covid-19 Pandemic and What the Covid-19 Pandemic Has Taught Us about Human Psychology
Authors: Reicher Stephen , Bauld Linda
Published: June 2021

A successful response to the Covid-19 pandemic is dependent on changing human behaviour to limit proximal interactions with others. Accordingly, governments have introduced severe constraints upon freedoms to move and to mix. This has been accompanied by doubts as to whether the public would abide by these constraints. Such doubts are underpinned by a psychological model of individuals as fragile rationalists who have limited cognitive capacities, who panic under pressure and turn a crisis into a tragedy. Drawing on evidence from the UK, we show that this did not occur. Rather, the pandemic has illustrated the remarkable collective resilience of individuals when brought together as a community by the common experience of crisis. This is a crucial lesson for the future, because it underpins the importance of developing leadership and policies that enhance rather than weaken such emergent social identity.
The Impact of Covid-19 on Different Population Subgroups: Ethnic, Gender and Age-Related Disadvantage
Authors: Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Hainey Kirsten Jane , Beale Sarah
Published: June 2021

Against a background of stalling UK life expectancy, the COVID-19 pandemic is a major crisis for public health with impacts differing markedly by ethnicity, gender, and age. Direct health impacts include mortality and long-term harms among survivors. Social disruption and lockdown measures arising from uncontrolled infection have destabilised healthcare and other essential services. The economic crisis resulting from the pandemic is already triggering job losses, which will in turn have their own adverse health effects. These myriad impacts of the pandemic are not affecting everyone equally. Ethnic minorities, men and older people have disproportionately suffered from COVID-19, including their risk of mortality. However, some indirect impacts – including those on mental health and employment – are more likely to affect women and younger people. The health consequences of the pandemic will affect the lives of people in the UK for decades.
Covid-19: Opportunity to Improve Crisis Responses to Homelessness?
Authors: Aitken Ewan
Published: June 2021

Background

COVID-19 struck when, despite plans to support the homeless population in Scotland, sustainable arrangements seemed beyond reach without a change of mindset by all providing support.

Methods

Four case studies describe the experience of individuals who received support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Late in 2020 support workers selected individuals whose support would have been different without the pandemic; sought their permission; and collected information from case notes and those engaged. Two other case studies describe new models addressing homelessness in response to the pandemic. During December 2020 the author interviewed managers who had contributed to the design and delivery of those models, and accessed data collected for other purposes. These six studies are tested against the five core principles of the Plan to End Homelessness, the basis of current homelessness policy in Scotland.

Results

COVID-19 stimulated new forms of support for Edinburgh's homeless people, and a new culture of working together to solve urgent problems in ways that are person-centred and relationship-based.

Discussion

Tackling homelessness in these ways highlighted resistant structural problems, notably how to ensure sufficient affordable housing. Plans to prevent homelessness must address such problems.

Conclusion

This new approach marks a cultural change in multi-agency services support for homeless people. The challenge is to sustain these improvements, and learn lessons for the future.
Electrolyte Based Modeling of Corrosion Processes in Sulfuric Acid Mixtures, Part 1: Nonoxidizing Conditions
Authors: Sridhar Narasi , Anderko Andrzej
Published: June 2021

The corrosion behavior of stainless steels and Ni-based alloys in nonoxidizing sulfuric acid mixtures at concentrations below approximately 30 mol/kg H2O is modeled. The redox potential in sulfuric acid across a broad concentration range, from 0 to 80 mol% (0 to 95.6 wt%), is determined by the proton reduction reaction. Thus, in the absence of other oxidizing species, sulfuric acid behaves as a nonoxidizing (reducing) acid. The calculated corrosion rates, using an electrochemical model up to about 30 mol/kg H2O (about 75 wt%), are in agreement with experimental values. The predicted polarization curves of anodic and cathodic processes show that the alloys in these environments are in active dissolution regime, consistent with experimental data. The model predictions of corrosion rates in H2SO4+HCl, H2SO4+HF, and H2SO4+HCl+HF mixtures are in agreement with weight-loss corrosion data. The corrosion rate of alloys in the nonoxidizing sulfuric acid mixtures correlated to an equivalent alloy composition given by (Ni0.7-Cr0.1+Mo+0.5 W). The effect of alloying elements under these conditions may be related to their beneficial effect on active dissolution and proton reduction reaction rates.
EEN UURTJE MET DIRK COSTER
Authors: Sanders Mathijs
Published: June 2021

AN HOUR WITH DIRK COSTER

The self-fashioning of a literary informant

In 1927, the French literary magazine La Nouvelle Littéraire published an interview with the Dutch writer Dirk Coster by the renowned critic Frédéric Lefèvre in the series ‘Une heure avec ...’. Coster used the opportunity to present himself as an international cultural mediator and as a spokesman of a humanistic conception of literature. This article analyses the interview by focussing on the way Coster was portrayed in front of a French audience and by interpreting his statements concerning both Dutch and French literature.
‘WAAROM EIGENLIJK KRUISJES IN PLAATS VAN POLLUTIE?’
Authors: Vermeer Leonieke
Published: June 2021

‘WHY CROSSES INSTEAD OF POLLUTION?’

The diary of Leo Polak (1901-1941) and the discourse against masturbation

The diary of the Dutch criminal law theorist, philosopher, and freethinker Leo Polak, which recently has become accessible, contains symbols such as ‘X’ and ‘#’. In this article, I interpret such symbols not as ‘silence’, but as disguising, narrative strategies. These symbols and the way Polak reflects on them, can be connected to the discourse on masturbation as a ‘total illness’, which developed from the beginning of the eightteenth century to the 1930s. The symbols in Polak’s early diaries indicate that diary writing functioned as a medium to register and control his solitary sexual activity. The diaries show the anti-masturbation discourse; the experience of it, the struggle with it and ways to resist it. Later in life, he used these experiences in his work on Sexual ethics (1936) in which he rejects the medical and religious views on masturbation and makes a plea for the autonomy of the human mind and body.
‘EEN EERBIEDWAARDIG REUZENWERK’
Authors: van Buul Anne
Published: June 2021

‘A VENERABLE, GIANT PIECE OF WORK’

The Illustrated Bible (1900)

De Geïllustreerde Bijbel (The Illustrated Bible, 1900) is a Dutch Bible edition, initiated by the Illustrated Bible Society, containing 100 engravings by 27 artists from all over the world and decorated by Arts and Crafts artist Walter Crane. This essay shows the history of this bible project. It discusses the aims of the Illustrated Bible Society, the reception of the edition, its illustrations and decorations, and it shows how difficult it was to make such an expensive, time-consuming project successful.
‘HIER IS EEN MAN AAN HET WOORD’
Authors: van Boven Erica
Published: June 2021

‘THIS IS A MAN SPEAKING’

The use of gender metaphors in the Movement of the 1880’s

This article deals with the role of gender in the poetics and literary strategy within the so-called Movement of the 1880s (De Tachtigers). The analysis of the use of gendered metaphors in the writings of Willem Kloos, Lodewijk van Deyssel, Frans Netscher and Albert Verwey between 1882 and 1889 demonstrates that gender plays a specific and remarkable role in the way these young authors express their views and fight for their position.
De tragikomische definities voorbij in Plautus’ Amphitruo
Authors: De March Andrea
Published: June 2021

In this article I reassess the figure of Alcumena in Plautus’ Amphitruo in order to shed new light on the interpretation both of her character and of the play as a whole, which is usually called ‘tragicomedy’ after the playful definition given in the prologue. In previous scholarship, Alcumena was seen as a tragic character embedded in a comedy, and as such she was regarded as the embodiment of the tragicomic mixture suggested by the play’s alleged self-denomination. By contrast, more recent interpretations have reread her figure as farcical, making Alcumena more consistent with the spirit of other Plautine comedies. However, this recent reassessment has neglected some elements that might undermine the new interpretation. Personally, I believe that the application of such exclusive labels as ‘tragic’ and ‘comic’ to Alcumena is not satisfactory from an exegetical point of view. My aim is therefore to overcome such tragicomic exegetical dichotomy by taking some neglected aspects into due account, and especially by applying Pirandello’s theory of humour to the case of Alcumena. This theory’s focus on ‘the contrary’, unlike other definitions of humour, accounts for the simultaneity of the serious and non-serious aspects implied by Alcumena’s presence on stage. Once her ‘humorous’ – in the Pirandellian sense – nature has been brought to light, it is then possible to overcome a dichotomous interpretation of her character as either tragic or comic and, last but not least, gain a better understanding of the generic interplay within the Amphitruo.
Tijd om te lachen?
Authors: Dijkstra Roald
Published: June 2021

Early Christian humour is not well-known and often its mere existence is doubted. However, modern humour research has proven that humour is a universal human phenomenon. This article investigates in which (con)texts early Christian humour can be found, focusing on the fourth century. Several severe judgements by famous Church Fathers are indeed critical about humour and its most directly related physical response: laughter. The writing of fiction in general was also suspect. However, the theologians’ verdicts of humour also reveal that it was not absent from early Christian society, which would have been impossible, given the rich classical comical traditions, that retained their influence in early Christian times. Apart from some rare examples of Christian comical texts, such as the Cena Cypriani, early Christian humour rather appears to be included in serious hagiographical texts with comical aspects. Prudentius famously versified the martyr story of Lawrence who joked on the grid in his Peristephanon 2, but also refers to the vibrant theatrical tradition of his time. Paulinus of Nola seems to plead in defence of the writing of Christian fiction in a rather comical passage in carmen 16.
The Res Gestae in its provincial contexts
Authors: Cooley Alison E.
Published: June 2021

This paper demonstrates the importance of viewing the Res Gestae not just as a document intended for an audience at Rome, but as a text that was adapted for display in different provincial urban contexts, via its incorporation into different monumental settings at Ancyra, Apollonia, and Antioch, via the addition of a translation in Greek that modified the original emphases of the Res Gestae, and via the addition of an Appendix at the end of the main text.
Het selectieve geheugen van de vader des vaderlands 44-43 v.Chr. in de Res Gestae
Authors: Flinterman Jaap-Jan
Published: June 2021

The present article compares Augustus’ portrayal of the beginning of his political career, in Res Gestae 1-2, with what is otherwise known of the events mentioned or suppressed by the princeps in these chapters. He rewrote the story of his remarkable political acrobatics in 44-43 BCE so as to fit in with the ideology of the principate: a leadership embedded in constitutional legality and based on a consensus rooted in recognition of his extraordinary merits as alleged saviour of the res publica. In turning history into ideology, he profited in no small measure from the support he had received from Cicero during the earliest stage of his career.
Moerlemaye: een taalkundige en historische verklaring
Authors: De Grauwe Luc , Dumolyn Jan , Haemers Jelle
Published: June 2021

Naming conflicts is a feature of late medieval politics that has not received enough attention. Names and words referring to revolts and social upheaval were certainly not chosen arbitrarily. They were coloured by the opinion and beliefs of the people participating in the rebellion or the authorities suppressing it. This article focuses on one specific example of such ‘event names’, namely Moerlemaye. It refers both to the revolt which took place in Bruges in 1280 as well as to other, more general forms of urban conflict. The historical and indepth etymological analysis of this term demonstrates that it was used to denote the speech acts and the murmur rebels used in mobilising for action. Ultimately, the term must go back to Romance *murmurata (supplanting Latin murmuratio), which is attested by Middle High German murmelât(e), even though the derivational ending Flemish -ay(e) poses some problems. Therefore it refers to the murmur and rumour taking place during such an uproar. As a result, this article shows that Moerlemaye made part of a general pattern of naming conflicts in late medieval Europe because also elsewhere the noise made by rebels during the tumult has given its name to political conflicts.
De invloed van het gender van auteurs op de literaire waardering van hun teksten
Authors: van Seggelen Tamara
Published: June 2021

Male-authored books are generally rated higher than books written by women; witness, for instance, the 2017 list of ‘Best Books’ in de Volkskrant, where out of 51 books, only 8 were authored by women. In order to examine whether male-authored texts are actually different from female-authored texts, this article examines whether readers can derive the author’s gender from two paragraphs of anonymous text, whether a computer programme can derive the author’s gender from a corpus of texts, and whether a gendered author’s name has any effect on the evaluation of the text’s literary quality by non-professional readers. Results show that readers are able to derive the author’s gender from a small fragment of text. This is in contrast with computerized research, which shows mixed results across corpora. Finally, the name of the author does not seem to have an effect on the evaluation of the literary quality.
Nieuwe wegen voor de Moderne Nederlandse Letterkunde
Authors: Winkler Marieke , Sanders Mathijs
Published: June 2021

Literatuur geniet grote publieke belangstelling, zoals blijkt uit de populariteit van leesclubs en poëziewedstrijden en de levendige debatten over het literatuuronderwijs. Tegelijkertijd verkeren de disciplines die zich specialiseren in de analyse van literatuur in zwaar weer. Deze situatie noopt tot disciplinaire zelfrefl ectie: welke nieuwe mogelijkheden schetsen enkele recente Engelstalig e studies voor de literatuurwetenschap en welke wegen openen zij voor de academische literatuurstudie in Nederland?
Give it a try!
Authors: Augustinus Liesbeth , Cavirani-Pots Cora
Published: June 2021

This paper compares the different possibilities of verbal complementation of the Dutch verb proberen ‘try’ and its Afrikaans cognate probeer ‘try’. In Dutch, proberencan take three complement types: an om te infinitive, a te infinitive and a bare infinitive. In Afrikaans, probeer can only take two complements: an om te infinitive and a bare infinitive. There are no semantic differences among the complemen-tation patterns. We conducted a corpus study for both languages to investigate which factors influence the choice of the complement. In Dutch there is a clear influence of region (Netherlandic Dutch versus Belgian Dutch). Furthermore, the length of the object and the type of clause (main or embedded) have a significant influence on the choice of the complement. In the Afrikaans data the presence of the object as well as its length significantly influence the choice between an om te and a bare infinitive.
Het gruwelijke gezicht van de geschiedenis
Authors: Badwy Sarah , van Dijk Yra
Published: June 2021

The memory of colonialism and slavery is finally becoming more widespread in the Netherlands. However, the field of literary studies still falls behind compared to the central place of the Dutch-Caribbean slavery past in recent societal debates. One of the reasons could be that the representation of trans-Atlantic slavery in literature is often oblique and allegorical. This article proposes a reading of such allegories in The Sign of Jonah (Van Leeuwen 1995) by the Dutch-Antillean writer Boeli van Leeuwen. The novel’s intertextual references to both the Biblical story of Jonah and numerous other intertextual references, connect European, South-American and religious texts with the violent colonial history of the Caribbean. Using European (Walter Benjamin) and Caribbean (Eduard Glissant, Antonio Benítez-Rojo) theory, we argue that it is precisely this hybrid and postmodern practice of meaning-making that shapes the depiction of slavery and colonial memory in Van Leeuwen’s novels. Binary oppositions between Europe and South-America, masters and slaves, humans and nature, are deconstructed and readers are encouraged to understand man as fundamentally entangled with his other, be it animal, botanical and mineral. The postmodern use of the allegory turns out to produce cultural memory, and also to announce a future of ‘ecobe-comings’.
Hollanders, Friezen of Vlamingen?
Authors: Marynissen Ann , Robbe Joost
Published: June 2021

Around 1520, a group of settlers from the Low Countries arrived on the Danish island of Amager and quickly became one of the most successful agricultural communities in the country. Since the nineteenth century, the exact origin of these settlers has been the object of scholarly dispute with two positions: one that the settlers originated from Flanders and the other that they originated from Holland. This article outlines arguments for both positions. It then attempts to resolve the dispute by conducting a morphological and lexical analysis of the names of the first settlers. This analysis provides onomastic evidence that excludes the possibility that the settlers originated from Flanders and demonstrates that they most likely originated from the Holland region of West Frisia. This evidence thus supports the hypothesis, based on information in a sixteenth-century Hoorn city chronical, that the settlers originated from the municipality of Hoorn in West Frisia.
‘Heb je dat, betrokken blanke wereldburger?’
Authors: Minnaard Liesbeth
Published: June 2021

The so-called refugee crisis has triggered manifold responses in the field of European art and literature. This paper discusses two works by the Dutch writer Ilja Leonard Pfeijffer as examples of Dutch ‘refugee crisis literature’: his highly acclaimed novel La Superba (2013) and the short-story ‘Fatou yo’ that was published in the text-collection Gelukszoekers (2015), but that is actually also a fragment from the aforementioned novel. I start my comparative discussion of these two texts by exploring the challenges and pitfalls in representing refugees in literature more in general, focusing on the seemingly inescapable trope of refugee victimhood and the humanitarian and empathic mindset that ‘refugee crisis literature’ mostly requires from its reader. Then I embark on an analysis of the two texts and of the way in which, as I will demonstrate, the texts position and, ultimately, manipulate their empathic reader. I will argue that the discomfort that results from this manipulation is considerably more effective within the frame-work of La Superba than within the Gelukszoekers-collection, despite the latter’s explicitly activist agenda.
Vijf grote uitdagingen in de wetenschapscommunicatie
Authors: Smeets Ionica
Published: June 2021

Five major challenges in science communication

This article gives an overview of five major challenges in the field of science communication – with a focus on the Dutch/Flemish situation and the role that communication scientists can play in tackling these challenges.

The research field is fragmented and the balance between the practical and academic aspects of science communication can be improved.

In policies there is a large emphasis on informing society, whilst science communication should also be a dialogue with society.

Connecting with society is the third mission of universities, but reward systems for scientists who do this are rudimentary and should be improved.

Incorrect science news is at least partly caused by universities sending out exaggerated press releases. Researchers should take responsibility for how their own universities communicate about their work.

Social sciences and humanities are underrepresented both in science communication activities and science communication research and should be involved more.
Hedonik tüketimle yeni medya okuryazarlığı arasındaki ilişki: Ampirik bir araştırma
Authors: Işık Fikret , Aytop Yeşim
Published: June 2021

Hazcılık pazarlama, ekonomi ve sosyoloji gibi birçok sosyal disiplinin odağındaki araştırma konularından biridir. Gelişen her teknolojiyle birlikte hazcı tüketimin etki ve tartışma alanı da genişlemektedir. Bu çalışmada, hedonik tüketim ile yeni medya okuryazarlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi yapısal eşitlik modeli yardımıyla ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Veriler çevrimiçi olarak Türkiye genelinde uygulanan anket ile toplanmıştır. Hazırlanan ankette Yeni Medya Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği ile Hedonik Tüketim Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Hazırlanan çevrimiçi anket farklı şehirlerden 896 kişi tarafından doldurulmuştur. Elde edilen birincil veriler betimsel ve keşifsel istatistik yöntemlerle analiz edilerek literatürdeki bulgularla karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yeni medya okuryazarlığı ile hedonik tüketim arasında pozitif yönde fakat düşük düzeyli bir ilişki bulunmuştur.