bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INSERTION OF BADMINTON IN SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION: EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS
Authors: Caetano Angelo Marcio Moreira , Rebouças Caleimarcio Da Cunha , Campos Nazaira Alves , Faber Myrian Abecassis
Published: October 2024

This article is an integrative review that synthesizes and analyzes data from four scientific papers collected from the Scielo database, using the descriptors ‘Methodology,’ ‘Method,’ ‘Badminton as a subject,’ ‘School sport.’ Ten papers were analyzed: one of the studies was carried out in Portuguese public elementary schools; the others in Brazil: in a municipal public school in Natal/RN, Brazil, one that shows badminton as an integral part of the body culture of movement and, the last one, is an experience report of an intervention of the practice of Badminton for primary schools students in Iranduba- AM, with the objectives of synthesizing and analyzing the Insertion of the Net Sport Badminton in School Physical Education Classes. This integrative review enabled the construction of a synthesis of scientific knowledge about a new form of interaction between students and teachers, yielding new attitudinal values for both and inclusion, as well as demonstrating the broad contribution of the Badminton Net Sport in School Physical Education Classes to the improvement and dynamism of School Physical Education classes.
CRIMES DOLOSOS CONTRA A VIDA: O PERFIL DAS VÍTIMAS DE FEMINICÍDIO NO BRASIL
Authors: Fraga Vania Lucindo , Neves Gislene De Laparte
Published: October 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar em que medida a edição da Lei Maria da Penha (Lei nº 11.340/2006) contribuiu para reduzir no Brasil os índices de violência contra a mulher. Pretende-se ainda relatar breve histórico da proteção da mulher no Brasil, abordando especificamente disposições inseridas na Constituição Federal de 1988, na Lei Maria da Penha (Lei nº 11.340/2006) e na Lei do Feminicídio (Lei nº 13.104/2015); apresentar as medidas protetivas como sanções previstas na Lei Maria da Penha para aplicação aos que cometerem os delitos ali tipificados, destacando conceito e seu objeto, bem como os tipos de medidas protetivas previstos na referida legislação, e a possibilidade de sua concessão pelo Delegado de Polícia, nos termos do julgamento da ADI 6138; apresentar dados estatísticos sobre a violência contra a mulher no Brasil (2006-2021), analisando-os comparativamente ao longo dos anos de aplicação das medidas previstas na Lei Maria da Penha. Os esforços teóricos e de análise dos dados foram para responder o seguinte questionamento, que representa o problema de pesquisa: em que medida a edição da Lei Maria da Penha (Lei nº 11.340/2006) contribuiu para reduzir no Brasil os índices de violência contra a mulher? A metodologia adotada no processo de investigação permite classificar a pesquisa como exploratória, com uso de levantamento bibliográfico para coleta dos dados. A abordagem do problema é quali-quantitativa, e a análise dos dados é crítica de conteúdo. Os principais resultados obtidos foram no sentido de que a Lei Maria da Penha (Lei nº 11.340/2006) contribuiu positivamente para a redução no Brasil dos índices de violência contra a mulher, em razão das previsões contidas em seu âmbito, que visam inibir/punir a prática de atos violentos contra a mulher em seu próprio lar ou no ambiente familiar. Uma possibilidade recente que promete contribuir ainda mais para reduzir estes índices, sendo favorável à proteção constitucional da mulher, é a possibilidade recentemente reconhecida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal – STF de o Delegado de Polícia conceder medida protetiva de urgência. De fato, esta previsão urgia ser inserida no direito brasileiro considerando-se que, ainda que tenham sido obtidos impactos positivos na redução dos índices de violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, é certo que eles estão longe de ser os ideais, e isto se devia justamente à demora na concessão da medida protetiva, que, não raras vezes, era entregue à mulher dias e, até, meses após o ocorrido.
An Exploration of Residential Interior Sustainable Design from an Artificial Intelligence-Driven Perspective
Authors: Wang Shaoqing
Published: October 2024

With the continuous progress and popularisation of AI technology, its application in the field of interior design is gradually becoming a reality. This article aims to explore how AI can contribute to the sustainability of interior design by analysing specific interior design principles, and summarising the development of AI today. This article explores the prospects for the application of AI in interior design and the methods for evaluating its effects, emphasising that interior design, as a discipline that serves people, should keep pace with technological development and actively embrace the wave of AI. Empowered by AI, interior design can not only achieve higher sustainability, but also better meet the needs of users and reach a new stage of development that is healthier, more comfortable and better.
A Survey and Research on the Current Situation of the Introduction of Chinese Ethnic Instrumental Music into Classes ——Taking Jining of Shandong Province as an Example
Authors: He Qianjin
Published: October 2024

Chinese traditional ethnic musical instruments have undergone a legacy of five thousand years, from the exquisite bone flutes of the ancient Xia and Shang dynasties to the pinnacle of plucked string music in the Sui and Tang dynasties. Many ethnic instruments and musical pieces with enchanting tones and boundless charm have been passed down, making them a brilliant gem in the world of music. Since the early 1990s, Xu Le has advocated for the inclusion of these excellent traditional instruments in primary and secondary school music classes to enrich the content of music education and strongly promote the implementation and popularization of aesthetic education policies. Chen Jinfeng believes that take introducing ethnic instrumental music as basic education can comprehensively cultivate students’ interests, enrich their aesthetic experiences and tastes, and achieve a high degree of integration between traditional ethnic instrumental music and quality education. This paper investigates the implementation of introducing ethnic instrumental music into classroom in three primary and secondary schools in Jining, Shandong Province. The data is collected and analyzed by field interviews and online questionnaires. And the necessity and urgency of introducing ethnic instrumental music is highlighted after summarizing, comparing and analyzing the study. It is hoped that this research will continuously propel the introduction of ethnic instrumental music in primary and secondary school curricula, contributing to the enhancement of overall quality and the popularization of aesthetic education.
On the Transformation and Characteristics of Aesthetic Practice in the Ming Dynasty
Authors: Huang Xiao
Published: October 2024

Traditional Chinese social concepts have always been controlled and constrained by the thinking of “wén yǐ zài dào”(Literature Is the Vehicle of Ideas, in Chinese “文以载道”), but the so-called “wén yǐ zài dào”(Literature Is the Vehicle of Ideas, in Chinese “文以载道”) here is an extremely generalized concept. The “wén” (literature, in Chinese “文”) here can refer to any kind of material carrier, image or action. In short, it is a material presentation related to the physical world. The “dào” (Tao, in Chinese “道”) here refers to any kind of spiritual essence. In the view of traditional Chinese literati, the form must be loaded with a certain spiritual essence in order to have meaning. Through the study of the visual arts of the Ming Dynasty (明代), we will find that in the Ming Dynasty (明代), no matter the presentation of various objects such as clothing, furniture, book illustrations and literati painting or physical activities such as entertainments and travels have already broken away from the thinking mode of “wén yǐ zài dào” (Literature Is the Vehicle of Ideas, in Chinese “文以载道”). Not only has the aesthetic form separated from its core and existed independently, but the form has also begun to develop in the direction of expansion.
SIGNIFYING THE SIGNS IN BREAKUPS OF A COUPLE OF LOVERS IN SIX SELECTED BATAK TOBA SONGS
Authors: Veronika Silalahi Pininta
Published: October 2024

This study is intended to investigate the interpretant of five selected Batak Toba Songs about breaking the promise which causes breakup of love relationship. The research question is answered by applying Pierce's theory of signs or semiotics. It is used as the theoretical framework to show the relationship between the Object (Referent), Representation (words), and Interpretant, also known as the (reference). The object of the song is the brekup, the representamen is the lyrics of the five songs. The lyrics of these five songs are examined using semiotic analysis, and the meaning is interpreted based on Ogden and Richard's semantic triangle (1946). The finding shows there are nine signs of Interpretant found in the lyrics, they are heartbroken, sadness, loyalty, curse, profanity, sweet memory, gratuitous act and despair. It shows that there are some specific vocabulary in Batak language, like ripur, malengleng, matapor, magargar, etc.
The Impact of the Development of Social Media on Education
Authors: Shi Xueying
Published: October 2024

Due to the arrival of the Internet era and the rise of social media, there has always been controversy about the impact of social media on the education field. The purpose of this research is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages that social media brings to the current and future education fields. It will focus on students and educators, two major groups in the field of education, discussing their impact on themselves when using social media now and the potential impact they may get in the future. This paper concludes that the development of social media has a positive impact on the education industry and will continue to assist the education sector in future development. It will demonstrate to the public the benefits and rationality of using social media in education, both now and in the future.
Correlation of Serodiagnosis with Morphological Verification of Cystic Echinococcosis, and the Association of Patients' Blood Types with Echinococcus Invasion
Authors: Victorovich Galyavin Alexey
Published: October 2024

A retrospective analysis was carried out in 110 patients with echinococcosis of the liver and lungs operated on in various hospitals of the Russian Federation, in whom the diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis was morphologically verified (intra-vitam). According to the study, clinical and epidemiological features were identified: main factors predisposing to echinococcus invasion, average duration of medical history before visiting a doctor, main clinical symptom complex; the correlation between the blood type of patients according to the AB0 system and the average European blood type was shown: significant differences were obtained for III(B) and IV(AB) blood types (p<0.05). In addition, the role of serological diagnosis of echinococcosis as an auxiliary, the effectiveness of which in the Russian Federation for cysts of type CE1 (according to the WHO-IWGE classification) reaches 71%.
Influence of Organizational Roles on Administrative Performance of Public Secondary Schools in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors:   Department of Leadership Studies, St Paul's University, Kenya, Kathari Damiano Njeru , Gesimba Paul , Mwaura Peter
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of organizational roles on administrative performance in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study adopted a mixed-method research design. The study targeted 352 principals in public secondary schools and 11 Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers in Nakuru County. Using stratified random sampling, a sample size of 106 principals and 4 Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (30 % of the population) was selected. Data collection methods included questionnaires administered to principals and interviews conducted with Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (SCQASO). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. A pre-test involving 11 schools in Nyandarua County confirmed the reliability of the research instruments, yielding a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.805. The study found that the correlation coefficients between organizational roles and administrative performance in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya (r = 0.567, p = 0.002) was strong and significant. Organizational role significantly influenced the administrative performance of principals, ultimately enhancing school effectiveness. To improve public secondary school administration, it is recommended that clearly defined administrative roles be established.
Relationship between Student-Teachers’ Academic Interaction and Academic Self-Esteem in Public Secondary Schools in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors:   Egerton University, Kenya, Addero Wilson Ogot , Makini Vitalice Sonoi
Published: October 2024

The learners’ academic self-esteem and academic interaction shape the learning environment of students. The purpose of this study was to examine students’ academic interaction and academic self-esteem relationships in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. Correlational research design and both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used in the study. The population of the study comprised 23,309 that is 11,938 boys and 11,371 girls form three students from 294 public secondary schools in Nakuru County. A total of 29 public secondary schools and 378 form three students were selected using stratified random sampling. The study used purposive sampling to sample 29 class teachers from the selected public secondary schools in Nakuru County. The total sample size for this study was therefore 407 respondents. The study used closed-ended questionnaires to collect data from students and interview schedule to collect data from class teachers. To ensure content validity of the research instruments, the researcher developed questionnaires and an interview schedule in line with the objectives of the study in consultation with experts on counseling and educational foundations. To test the reliability of the questionnaire, a pilot study was done on one secondary school that was not part of the actual study. Cronbach’s Alpha test of internal consistency was established whereby the items had reliability coefficients of 0.871 (for the student-teacher academic interactions tool) and 0.873 (for student academic self-esteem tool) which were considered acceptable. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 while qualitative data was analyzed using NVivo version 12. The study established that there was a statistically significant relationship between student-teachers’ academic interaction and academic self-esteem in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study recommends Kenyan teachers training institutions to advance teaching methods that seeks to improve student-teachers’ academic interaction and academic self-esteem for better academic achievement.
A ATUAÇÃO DO TCE-RJ NO COMBATE À CORRUPÇÃO
Authors: Melo Bruno Mattos Souza de S. , Chaise Rosa Maria , Carvalho Sergio Lino da S.
Published: October 2024

A incorporação de novas técnicas e ferramentas às tradicionais práticas da atividade de controle externo tem se mostrado, no Brasil, importante fator transformador dos tribunais de contas, provocando mudanças na forma de realização das auditorias governamentais, tanto pelo fortalecimento de parcerias externas, com maior integração e cooperação entre instituições, quanto pela implantação da atividade de inteligência, possibilitando o recrudescimento do combate à corrupção. No estado do Rio de Janeiro essas transformações ganham um destaque especial, em razão dos recentes escândalos de corrupção divulgados, notadamente na administração estadual, onde a corrupção é uma das causas da crise financeira enfrentada, cenário que pode ser também estendido, em alguma medida, à esfera municipal. Nesse contexto, o Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (TCE-RJ) implantou recentemente a sua atividade de inteligência como suporte ao planejamento e à seleção de trabalhos de auditoria, na qual técnicas de análise de dados e criação de indicadores de risco mostraram-se úteis à maior eficiência e efetividade das ações de controle. Ademais, a implantação dessa atividade possibilitou também um maior intercâmbio de informações com outros órgãos estatais, como o Ministério Público e Polícias Federal e Civil, resultando em diversas ações conjuntas que têm apresentado bons resultados nos casos de corrupção e desvios de recursos públicos.
Hybrid Transformer-CNN Architecture for Efficient Point Cloud Classification with Attention Mechanisms
Authors: Wang Chiyu
Published: October 2024

This  paper  proposes  a  Transformer-based  point cloud  classification  method.  By  designing  two  key  modules:  a hybrid feature extraction module and a multi-head self-attention module,  efficient  feature  extraction  and  classification  of  point cloud data are achieved. The hybrid feature extraction module combines the advantages of convolutional neural network (CNN) and Transformer architecture, extracts local geometric features through  convolution  operations.  The  multi-head  self-attention module  captures  different  feature  relationships  in  the  point cloud  through multiple  self-attention heads  to further  enhance feature representation. Experimental results also demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Our method achieves 91.6% mAcc and  93.3%  OA  on  ModelNet40  dataset;  on  the  ScanObjectNN dataset, it achieves 79.8% mAcc.
Migranters sikkerhed i landbruget
Authors: Stampe Lovelady Astrid , Kønig Wilms Sofie , Korsdal Sørensen Johanne
Published: October 2024

Projektet ”Migranters sikkerhed i landbruget” er et forsknings- og innovationsprojekt, som er blevet gennemført fra 2021-2024. Det er finansieret af Arbejdsmiljøforskningsfonden og er blevet udført i samarbejde mellem Moesgårds Antropologiske Analyseenhed (MANTRA) ved Aarhus Universitet og SEGES Innovation P/S. En lang række landbrugsvirksomheder, interessenter fra landbruget samt arbejdsmarkedets parter har også deltaget i projektet. Projektet har taget afsæt i antropologiske studier af migranters sikkerhedspraksisser og viden om sikkerhed og arbejdsmiljø på en række landbrugsvirksomheder. Den antropologiske viden er blevet indsamlet gennem etnografisk feltarbejde, som har bestået af deltagerobservation på landbrug og 67 interviews med medarbejdere, herunder flest migranter, landmænd/ledere og eksterne aktører som fx Arbejdstilsynet, arbejdsmarkedets parter, dyrlæger og lokale landbrugskonsulenter. På baggrund af dataindsamlingen kan projektgruppen konkludere, at migranter har særlige udfordringer i forhold til sikkerheden i landbruget, samt at landmænd/ledere i landbruget bliver udfordret af at skulle lede en international arbejdsplads. Samarbejdet om sikkerhed og arbejdsmiljø bliver blandt andet udfordret på grund af sprogbarrierer, forskellige opfattelser af arbejdspladshierarkier- og relationer, kønsrelationer og potentiel modstand mod at efterleve regler om brug af fx værnemidler. Nærværende rapport gennemgår disse problemstillinger gennem formidling af den viden, som antropologerne i projektgruppen har fået under feltarbejdet.
Prediction of magnetic Janus materials based on machine learning and first-principles calculations
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Tan Wei , Ning Yong-Qi , Nie Guo-Zheng , Cai Meng-Qiu , Wang Jun-Nian , Zhu Hui-Ping , Zhao Yu-Qing ,   Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and New Sensor Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China,   School of Physics and Microelectronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China,   Key Laboratory of Silicon Device Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China,   State Key Laboratory of Superlattices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
Published: October 2024

Discovering compact, stable, and easily controllable nanoscale non-trivial topological magnetic structures, such as magnetic skyrmions, is the key to developing next-generation high-density, high-speed, and low-energy non-volatile information storage devices. Based on the topological generation mechanism, magnetic skyrmions can be generated through the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) caused by breaking space-reversal symmetry. Two-dimensional (2D) non-centrosymmetric Janus structurecan generate vertical built-in electric fields to break spatial inversion symmetry. Therefore, seeking for 2D Janus material with intrinsic magnetism is fundamental to develop the novel chiral magnetic storage technologies. In this work, we combine detailed machine learning techniques and first-principle calculations to investigate the magnetism of the unexplored 2D Janus material. We first collect 1179 2D hexagonal ABC-type Janus materials based on the Materials Project database, and use elemental composition as feature descriptors to construct four machine learning models: random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and extra trees (ET). These algorithms and models are constructed to predict lattice constants, formation energy, and magnetic moment, via hyperparameter optimization and ten-fold cross-validation. The GBDT exhibits the highest accuracy and best prediction performance for magnetic moment classification. Subsequently, the collected data of 82018 yet-undiscovered 2D Janus materials, are input into the trained models to generate 4024 high magnetic moment 2D Janus materials with thermal stability. First-principles calculations are employed to validate random sample of 13 Janus materials with high magnetic moment. This study provides an effective machine learning framework for classifying the magnetic moments and screening highthroughput 2D Janus structures, thereby accelerating the exploration of their magnetic properties. The datasets provided in this work are available from https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00213.00072.
Sub-cone visual resolution by active, adaptive sampling in the human foveola
Authors: Witten Jenny L , Lukyanova Veronika , Harmening Wolf M
Published: October 2024

The foveated architecture of the human retina and the eye’s mobility enables prime spatial vision, yet the interplay between photoreceptor cell topography and the constant motion of the eye during fixation remains unexplored. With in vivo foveal cone-resolved imaging and simultaneous microscopic photo stimulation, we examined visual acuity in both eyes of 16 participants while precisely recording the stimulus path on the retina. We find that resolution thresholds were correlated with the individual retina’s sampling capacity, and exceeded what static sampling limits would predict by 18%, on average. The length and direction of fixational drift motion, previously thought to be primarily random, played a key role in achieving this sub-cone diameter resolution. The oculomotor system finely adjusts drift behavior towards retinal areas with higher cone densities within only a few hundred milliseconds to enhance retinal sampling.
Effect of Irrigation Scheduling on Growth, Yield and Irrigation Water use Efficiency of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Hireholi G. , Patil D. H. , Ananda N. , Rathod Pandit. S. , Rajkumar R.H. , Manjunatha N.
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation scheduling on growth, yield and water use efficiency of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) at Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS), Raichur, during the rabi season of 2023-24. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with five treatments, replicated four times. There were five treatments viz., T1: Pre sowing irrigation only, T2: Pre sowing irrigation fb one irrigation at vegetative stage (30-35 DAS), T3: Pre sowing irrigation fb two irrigations at vegetative stage (30-35 DAS) and flowering stage (40-45 DAS), T4: Pre sowing irrigation fb three irrigations at vegetative stage (30-35 DAS), flowering stage (40-45 DAS) and capsule development stage (60-65 DAS) and T5: Rainfed condition. The results revealed that significantly higher plant height (60.94 cm), number of branches plant-1 (6.18), leaf area (36.94 cm2 plant-1),  total dry matter production (16.41 g plant-1), number of capsules plant-1 (44.27),  number of seeds (8.18 capsule-1),  seed weight (2.98 g palnt-1), seed yield  (1106 kg ha-1) and straw yield  (2344 kg ha-1) was registered with pre-sowing irrigation fb three irrigations at vegetative stage (30-35 DAS), flowering stage (40-45 DAS) and capsule development stage (60-65 DAS) which was found to be on par with pre-sowing irrigation fb two irrigations at vegetative stage (30-35 DAS) and flowering stage (40-45 DAS). Further, (T4) recorded significantly lower water use efficiency (5.26 kg ha-mm-1). Whereas the treatment under rainfed conditions (T5) recorded significantly higher water use efficiency (13.59 kg ha-mm-1) than all other treatments.
A Review of Deep Learning Based Object Detection Algorithms
Authors: Fan Bin , Song Xiaona
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the traditional manual feature-based object detection method has been gradually replaced by deep learning-based object detection technology. Object detection is the basis and prerequisite for many computer vision tasks aimed at recognizing targets in an image and determining their class and location. The purpose of object detection algorithm research based on deep learning is to improve the detection accuracy and detection speed of the detection algorithm, so that the object detection algorithm can be more safe and convenient applied to People's Daily production and life. This article reviews the evolution of object detection algorithms, focusing on two-stage, one-stage and object detection algorithms based on the transformer architecture. In addition, the performance, advantages and disadvantages of different algorithms are compared, and the development trend of object detection algorithms based on deep learning is summarized in the end.
Multi Dimensional Relative Vulnerability Assessment of Santhal Pargana, Jharkhand, India
Authors: Soren Devendra , Rana Narendra Kumar , Kundu Barnali
Published: October 2024

The concept of vulnerability is multifaceted, encompassing a range of socio-economic, environmental, and climatic elements that necessitate comprehensive analysis to fully grasp its implications for affected populations.  The study employs a Fuzzy-AHP methodology to conduct a multi-dimensional relative vulnerability (Meteorological, Agricultural and Socio-economic) assessment in Santhal Pargana, located in Jharkhand. Notably, rainfall data from 1900 to 2020 revealed a downward trend. The findings of study indicate that Sahibganj exhibits the lowest vulnerability, while the Godda faces the highest risk. To validate the model's accuracy, we calculated the Area Under Curve (AUC), which yielded a value of 84.3, demonstrating the robustness of our assessment approach.
Assessment of the Quality of Borehole Water Collected Around Unlined Solid Waste Dumpsites within Awka Metropolis
Authors: U. E Amalu , U. E Ekpunobi , C. I Aghanwa , D. E Enenche
Published: October 2024

Groundwater is an important natural resource that is essential to man and other living things. However, it can become polluted resulting from natural and anthropogenic conditions. The quality of selected groundwater samples collected from boreholes around abandoned and active dumpsites in Awka metropolis, Nigeria between January and March 2023, was assessed using water quality index (WQI) method. The samples were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties and some selected heavy metals using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results of the physico-chemical analysis showed that the mean pH ranged from 5.75 – 6.71 in January as compared to 5.92 – 6.98 in February and 5.94 – 6.84 in March indicating slight acidity. Calcium and magnesium content ranged from 8 – 20mg/l of Ca2+ and 96 – 314 mg/l of Mg2+ ion. The concentration of heavy metals in the samples were all seen to be within the standard limits for potable water (Fe (0.057 – 2.384 ppm), Cu(0.00 – 0.185 ppm) except for mercury, lead and cadmium(Hg (0.00 – 0.248 ppm), Pb (0.00 – 0.051 ppm), Cd (0.006 – 0.39 ppm) for the month of February whereas heavy metal concentration for the month of March ranged from Fe (1.432 – 2.908 ppm), Cu (0.00 – 0.008 ppm), Hg (0.00 – 0.016 ppm), Pb (0.00 – 0.003 ppm), Cd (0.00 – 0.01ppm). Pollution Index of the sampled borehole water from the different locations shows that some were potable and can be consumed without treatment. The study shows that solid wastes contribute to the level of contamination caused by Heavy metals and some physico-chemical parameters in groundwater matrix.
Synthesis of MgFe2O4 Nanoparticles and its Application for Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Sukandar Dede , Adawiah Adawiah , Rohman Saeful , Fitria Shella , Saridewi Nanda , Farishi Salman , Nurhasni Nurhasni , Aziz Isalmi , Azizah Yulyani Nur
Published: October 2024

Methylene blue wastewater from the paper, clothing, and textile industries can adversely affect aquatic ecosystems if improperly treated. One method to treat methylene blue pollutants in sewage is through photocatalysis techniques using magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanoparticle-based semiconductors. The MgFe2O4 is effective for methylene blue degradation because it is stable in aqueous systems, inexpensive, and has good photocatalytic activity. This study aims to synthesize MgFe2O4 nanoparticles with pumpkin seed extract (Cucurbita moschata) as a capping agent through a hydrothermal method. Characterization results show that MgFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized with the addition of 3 mL pumpkin seed extract have a crystal size of 3.87 nm, cubic spinel structure, average particle size of 29 nm, and band gap energy value of 1.94 eV. The MgFe2O4 nanoparticles produced optimum degradation efficiency under mercury lamp irradiation with a degradation capacity of 391.98 mg/g at pH 12. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Sustainable Materials In Aircraft Construction: A Viable Alternative To Aluminium?
Authors: Anand Pragyan
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the viability of sustainable materials as alternatives to traditional metals like aluminium in aircraft manufacturing. Aluminium, widely used due to its lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties, poses significant environmental and structural challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions and susceptibility to thermal expansion. Composite materials, such as bio-based composites and natural-fiber reinforced composites, offer promising solutions by reducing weight, fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions, while also being more cost-effective. The Boeing 787 Dreamliner serves as a case study, demonstrating how composite materials can enhance flight efficiency and sustainability. Although composites present challenges such as damage detection, thermal sensitivity, and manufacturing complexity, ongoing innovations are addressing these limitations. The paper concludes that sustainable composites have the potential to transform aviation, offering a greener, more efficient future.
A Study on the Utilization Characteristics of Rainwater Storage Tanks and Carbon Emissions for Agricultural Water Us
Authors: Kim Byung Sung , Lee Jung Min , Lee Sang Jin , Kim Jae Moon , Kim Myeong In
Published: October 2024

The global community is facing challenges owing to climate change, and strategies are being developed to achieve carbon neutrality. However, the formulation of carbon neutrality strategies in the water sector has not been active. In this study, a testbed plan for conducting practical trials of agricultural water supplies using rainwater and reclaimed wastewater was selected as the study site. The analysis considered the application of permeable pavement and rainwater storage tanks to assess stormwater runoff reduction and rainwater reuse characteristics. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was utilized to analyze the stormwater runoff reduction within the test bed, and storage equations were applied to assess the characteristics of rainwater reuse. The amount of rainwater used for rainwater storage tanks of different sizes was analyzed, considering the water requirements for the growth of agricultural crops within the test bed. Carbon emissions were calculated based on the amount of electricity required for water production, and the characteristics of carbon emission reduction were analyzed by assessing the amount of electricity saved through the use of rainwater, depending on the size of the rainwater reservoir.
Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Addition on the Promotion of the Pozzolanic Reaction of Excess Silica Fume in Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Authors: Na Yoon Kyung , Moon Jae Won , Oh Taekgeun , Yoo Doo-Yeol
Published: October 2024

In this study, to utilize excess silica fume that cannot react owing to the low water-binder ratio of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), Ca(OH)2 was substituted and mixed at 1-5%, relative to the weight of the cement, to produce UHPC. Then, the effect of this Ca(OH)2 substitution on the hydration properties of UHPC and the pullout resistance of embedded steel fibers were investigated. The results of a thermogravimetric test show that when the substitution rate of Ca(OH)2 increased, the amount of cement decreased slightly. However, Ca(OH)2 accelerated the hydration reaction to form dense C-A-S-H. In CH-2 in which the DTG peak is maximized, the compressive strength, average adhesion strength, drawing energy, and equivalent adhesion strength were 141 MPa, 22.5 MPa, 680.4 mJ, and 22.6 MPa, respectively. Moreover, when the substitution rate exceeded 2%, all mechanical performance results deteriorated.
Phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibition potentiates cerebrovascular reactivity in chronic traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kenney Kimbra , Amyot Franck , Moore Carol , Haber Margalit , Turtzo L. Christine , Shenouda Christian , Silverman Erika , Gong Yunhua , Qu Bao‐ Xi , Harburg Leah , Wassermann Eric M. , Lu Hanzhang , Diaz‐Arrastia Ramon
Published: March 2018

Background

Traumatic cerebrovascular injury (TCVI), a common consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), presents an attractive therapeutic target. Because phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE5) inhibitors potentiate the action of nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells, they are candidate therapies for TCVI. This study aims to: (1) measure cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), and change in CVR after a single dose of sildenafil (ΔCVR) in chronic TBI compared to uninjured controls; (2) examine the safety and tolerability of 8‐week sildenafil administration in chronic symptomatic moderate/severe TBI patients; and as an exploratory aim, (3) assess the effect of an 8‐week course of sildenafil on chronic TBI symptoms.

Methods

Forty‐six subjects (31 chronic TBI, 15 matched healthy volunteers) were enrolled. Baseline CBF and CVR before and after administration of sildenafil were measured. Symptomatic TBI subjects then completed an 8‐week double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial of sildenafil. A neuropsychological battery and neurobehavioral symptom questionnaires were administered at each study visit.

Results

After a single dose of sildenafil, TBI subjects showed a significant increase in global CVR compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001, d = 0.9). Post‐sildenafil CVR maps showed near‐normalization of CVR in many regions where baseline CVR was low, predominantly within areas without structural abnormalities. Sildenafil was well tolerated. Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale showed a trend toward clinical improvement while on sildenafil treatment.

Findings

Single‐dose sildenafil improves regional CVR deficits in chronic TBI patients. CVR and ΔCVR are potential predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers of PDE5 inhibitor therapy for TCVI. Sildenafil is a potential therapy for TCVI.
Boosting the Efficiency of Near‐Infrared Fluorescent OLEDs with an Electroluminescent Peak of Nearly 800 nm by Sensitizer‐Based Cascade Energy Transfer
Authors: Liu Tengxiao , Xie Guohua , Zhong Cheng , Gong Shaolong , Yang Chuluo
Published: March 2018

A sensitization‐based cascade energy transfer channel is proposed to boost the electroluminescent performances of the solution‐processed near‐infrared organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) featuring an electroluminescent peak of 786 nm from a new fluorescent emitter of N4,N4,N9,N9‐tetra‐p‐tolylnaphtho[2,3‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐4,9‐diamine (NZ2mDPA) with unique aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property. The optimized device is composed of 4,4′‐N,N‐dicarbazole‐biphenyl (CBP) as the host, bis(2‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzothiozolato‐N,C2′)iridium (Ir(bt)2(acac)) as the sensitizer, and NZ2mDPA as the emitter, where the cascade energy transfer can occur via two steps realizing unexpected triplet–singlet energy transfer by the Förster mechanism. The first step features efficient triplet harvesting from CBP to Ir(bt)2(acac), and then the second step involves in resonant energy transfer from the phosphorescent sensitizer to the near‐infrared AIE emitter of NZ2mDPA, which finally endows two channels of harvesting singlet and triplet excitons. The unique scheme achieves not only more efficient Förster energy transfer but also the higher utilization efficiency of triplet excitons. As a result, the near‐infrared OLEDs can realize a factor of 2.7 enhancement of external quantum efficiency by employing the phosphor‐sensitized AIE lumogen compared with the commonly used binary host–guest system.
Flexible, Durable, and Unconditioned Superoleophobic/Superhydrophilic Surfaces for Controllable Transport and Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Li Feiran , Wang Ziran , Huang Suichu , Pan Yunlu , Zhao Xuezeng
Published: March 2018

Superoleophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces have incomparable advantages for oil–water separation and oil droplet manipulation; however, such surfaces are difficult to obtain on the basis of surface tension theory, and existing attempts are either not fully functional or are nondurable. Here, a solution to achieve the combination of superoleophobicity and superhydrophilicity by emphasizing the polar component of surface tension is proposed. The developed surfaces can be flexibly applied to almost any solid substrate and exhibit superoleophobic and instantaneous superhydrophilic property. The surfaces applied to certain substrates can be used for controllable oil transport, oil–water separation, and emulsion demulsification. Furthermore, a novel ferroconcrete‐like structure to substantially increase the durability of the developed surfaces without affecting the superwettability is developed. The coated steel meshes preserve the ability of the material to separate oil–water mixtures even after over 400 m abrasion, which can be a significant step toward its widespread application.
Large‐Area Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Films for Flexible Asymmetric Sandwich and Microsized Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Wan Fang , Zhang Linlin , Zhao Zifang , Niu Zhiqiang , Chen Jun
Published: March 2018

Asymmetric supercapacitors have attracted tremendous attention in energy storage devices since they have an enhanced energy density in comparison with symmetric supercapacitor devices. Furthermore, the development of diverse and flexible electronic devices requires the asymmetric supercapacitor devices to be flexible and in various configurations. However, it is still a challenge to develop a universal strategy to obtain both capacitive and Faradic electrodes with various architectures. Herein, a spontaneously reducing/assembling strategy in an alkaline condition is developed to fabricate large‐area reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and RGO–metal oxide/hydroxide composite films or microsized structures. As a proof of concept, the large‐area pure RGO and RGO/Mn3O4 composite films with porous structure and superior mechanical property are achieved by such strategy. These RGO‐based films can directly serve as the anodes and cathodes of the flexible asymmetric film supercapacitors. Furthermore, the interdigital RGO and RGO/Mn3O4 patterns are also obtained via a selectively reducing/assembling process to achieve the asymmetric microsized supercapacitors. These asymmetric supercapacitors with different configurations possess good electrochemical performance and excellent flexibility. Therefore, such reducing and assembling strategy provides a route to achieve large‐area RGO‐based films and microsized structures for the applications in the various fields such as energy storage and photocatalysis.
Binding Sulfur‐Doped Nb2O5 Hollow Nanospheres on Sulfur‐Doped Graphene Networks for Highly Reversible Sodium Storage
Authors: Liu Fanfan , Cheng Xiaolong , Xu Rui , Wu Ying , Jiang Yu , Yu Yan
Published: March 2018

Orthorhombic Nb2O5 (T‐Nb2O5) has recently attracted great attention for its application as an anode for sodium ion batteries (NIBs) owing to its patulous framework and larger interplanar lattice spacing. Sulfur‐doped T‐Nb2O5 hollow nanospheres (diameter:180 nm) uniformly encapsulate into sulfur‐doped graphene networks (denoted: S‐Nb2O5 HNS@S‐rGO) using hard template method. The 3D ordered porous structure not only provides good electronic transportation path but also offers outstanding ionic conductive channels, leading to an improved sodium storage performance. In addition, the introduction of sulfur to graphene and Nb2O5 leads to oxygen vacancy and enhanced electronic conductivity. The sodium storage performance of S‐Nb2O5 HNS@S‐rGO is unprecedented. It delivers a reversible capacity 215 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C over 100 cycles. In addition, it also possesses a great high‐rate capability, retaining a stable capacity of 100 mAh g−1 at 20 C after 3000 cycles. This design demonstrates the potential applications of Nb2O5 as anode for high performance NIBs.
2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites Microring Laser Array
Authors: Zhang Haihua , Liao Qing , Wu Yishi , Zhang Zhaoyi , Gao Qinggang , Liu Peng , Li Meili , Yao Jiannian , Fu Hongbing
Published: March 2018

3D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have featured high gain coefficients through the electron–hole plasma stimulated emission mechanism, while their 2D counterparts of Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) exhibit strongly bound electron–hole pairs (excitons) at room temperature. High‐performance solar cells and light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are reported based on 2D RPPs, whereas light‐amplification devices remain largely unexplored. Here, it is demonstrated that ultrafast energy transfer along cascade quantum well (QW) structures in 2D RPPs concentrates photogenerated carriers on the lowest‐bandgap QW state, at which population inversion can be readily established enabling room‐temperature amplified spontaneous emission and lasing. Gain coefficients measured for 2D RPP thin‐films (≈100 nm in thickness) are found about at least four times larger than those for their 3D counterparts. High‐density large‐area microring arrays of 2D RPPs are fabricated as whispering‐gallery‐mode lasers, which exhibit high quality factor (Q ≈ 2600), identical optical modes, and similarly low lasing thresholds, allowing them to be ignited simultaneously as a laser array. The findings reveal that 2D RPPs are excellent solution‐processed gain materials potentially for achieving electrically driven lasers and ideally for on‐chip integration of nanophotonics.
A Cut‐and‐Paste Approach to 3D Graphene‐Oxide‐Based Architectures
Authors: Luo Chong , Yeh Che‐Ning , Baltazar Jesus M. Lopez , Tsai Chao‐Lin , Huang Jiaxing
Published: March 2018

Properly cut sheets can be converted into complex 3D structures by three basic operations including folding, bending, and pasting to render new functions. Folding and bending are extensively employed in crumpling, origami, and pop‐up fabrications for 3D structures. Pasting joins different parts of a material together, and can create new geometries that are fundamentally unattainable by folding and bending. However, it has been much less explored, likely due to limited choice of weldable thin film materials and residue‐free glues. Here it is shown that graphene oxide (GO) paper is one such suitable material. Stacked GO sheets can be readily loosened up and even redispersed in water, which upon drying, restack to form solid structures. Therefore, water can be utilized to heal local damage, glue separated pieces, and release internal stress in bent GO papers to fix their shapes. Complex and dynamic 3D GO architectures can thus be fabricated by a cut‐and‐paste approach, which is also applicable to GO‐based hybrid with carbon nanotubes or clay sheets.
N‐Type 2D Organic Single Crystals for High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors and Near‐Infrared Phototransistors
Authors: Wang Cong , Ren Xiaochen , Xu Chunhui , Fu Beibei , Wang Ruihao , Zhang Xiaotao , Li Rongjin , Li Hongxiang , Dong Huanli , Zhen Yonggang , Lei Shengbin , Jiang Lang , Hu Wenping
Published: March 2018

Organic field‐effect transistors and near‐infrared (NIR) organic phototransistors (OPTs) have attracted world's attention in many fields in the past decades. In general, the sensitivity, distinguishing the signal from noise, is the key parameter to evaluate the performance of NIR OPTs, which is decided by responsivity and dark current. 2D single crystal films of organic semiconductors (2DCOS) are promising functional materials due to their long‐range order in spite of only few molecular layers. Herein, for the first time, air‐stable 2DCOS of n‐type organic semiconductors (a furan‐thiophene quinoidal compound, TFT‐CN) with strong absorbance around 830 nm, by the facile drop‐casting method on the surface of water are successfully prepared. Almost millimeter‐sized TFT‐CN 2DCOS are obtained and their thickness is below 5 nm. A competitive field‐effect electron mobility (1.36 cm2 V−1 s−1) and high on/off ratio (up to 108) are obtained in air. Impressively, the ultrasensitive NIR phototransistors operating at the off‐state exhibit a very low dark current of ≈0.3 pA and an ultrahigh detectivity (D*) exceeding 6 × 1014 Jones because the devices can operate in full depletion at the off‐state, superior to the majority of the reported organic‐based NIR phototransistors.