bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytotoxic Response and Variation in Yield Traits for Post Emergence Herbicides in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Nandedkar Kanushree , Datta M. Himakara , Rawte Suman , Saxena Ritu R , Sahu Hemant , Saxena Ravi R
Published: July 2024

The present investigation was conducted to identify sources of tolerance to the herbicides viz., Topramazone and Quizalofop ethyl in order to potentially employ these sources in the development of herbicide-tolerant chickpea genotypes. Screening of genotypes revealed large variation in tolerance to Topramazone. Three genotypes namely, NBeG 776, RVG 205 and IPC 2010-134 were identified as highly tolerant based on herbicide tolerance scores and can be used as source for breeding Topramazone tolerant varieties. Herbicide Quizalofop ethyl showed non phytotoxic effects on chickpea genotypes. Also high yield of genotypes KGD 99-4 and NBeG 776 in presence of Quizalofop ethyl application suggested effective use of this post emergence herbicide to control weeds in chickpea.
On Unitary Quasi-Equivalence and w-Hyponormal Operators In Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Karanu Kennedy Kibe , Kaunda Zachary Kayiita , Ndung’u Kinyanjui Jeremiah
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the properties of unitary quasi-equivalence on the class of w-hyponormal operators are presented using the Aluthge transform and polar decomposition property. We show that for any two unitary quasi-equivalent operators, F and G, if one is w-hyponormal, then the other operator is also w-hyponormal. This result also holds for p-hyponormal and log-hyponormal operators.
Study on the Effect of Bee Attractants on the Giant Honey Bee, Apis dorsata and their Effect on Niger [Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass] Seed Yield
Authors: Dwarka  , Panday Anand Kumar , Thakur Shobharam , Katara Vijay Kumar
Published: July 2024

The study was conducted at the experimental farm of the PC Unit Sesame and Niger, CoA, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, located in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, during the Kharif season of 2022. The primary objective of the experiment was to assess the influence of bee attractants on the attraction of Apis dorsata (giant honey bees) and their subsequent impact on the seed yield of niger crop. The experiment was designed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nine treatments and three replications. This experimental setup allows for systematic testing of the effects of different bee attractants on both bee behaviour and crop yield while controlling for potential sources of variation. By utilizing this design, researchers can obtain reliable data on the efficacy of various bee attractants in enhancing pollination and improving seed yield in niger crops. Treatment used T1: Flower extract of Madhuca longifolia 10%, T2: Juice of Sachharum officinarum 10%, T3: Jaggery solution 10%, T4: Honey solution 10%, T5: Fruit extract of Foenix dactylifera 10%, T6: Sugar solution 10%, T7: Rose water (marketed) 10%, T8: Water spray and T9: Control. The results showed that the both at 10% and 50% flowering stage Apis dorsata visit was numerically the highest with flower extract of mahua, Madhuca longifolia 10% with 15.67 and 10.33 Apis dorsata/m2/5min, respectively. This was followed by fruit extract of date palm, F. dactylifera spray with 14.92 and 9.75 Apis dorsata/m2/5min, respectively. The population of Apis dorsata was received from the controlled condition 2.67 and 3.25 Apis dorsata/m2/5min at 10% and 50% flowering stage, respectively. This was followed by water spray 5.08 and 5.16 Apis dorsata/m2/5min at 10% and 50% flowering stage, respectively. The foliar spray of flower extract of M. longifolia and fruit extract of F. dactylifera 10% were found significantly superior over others in respect to record higher seed yield and recorded 6.96 q and 6.90 q/ha seed yield, respectively.
Teachers’ Financial Literacy in Basic Education: A Case Study in Davao City, Philippines
Authors: Lopez Annaliza C. , Manguiob Ivy D. , Bauyot Marleonie M.
Published: July 2024

Aims: This study assessed the current state of financial literacy among teachers in basic education in Davao City, to identify the factors that influence their financial literacy, and to explore the implications for policy and practice. It attempted to delve even more into their challenges, strategies, and significant insights.
Study Design:  In the light of the case study approach, this study was qualitative. Data was collected using interviews, which were coded and analyzed for themes.
Place and Duration of Study: Division of Davao City participated in this study for School Year 2023-2024. Methodology: Seven (7) teachers from the Division of Davao City participated in this study, which was limited to their responses.
Results: Results revealed that participants' challenges in the study emerged in four main themes: financial strain insufficiency, financial struggles, emotional distress, and impacts teaching performance Meanwhile, when it comes to strategies to enhance the financial literacy of teachers in Davao City, three major themes were formulated: proactive pursuit of financial education, seeking financial guidance and expertise, and financial discipline. On the other hand, the participants in this case study shared their insights and suggestions when it comes to improving their financial literacy. Out of the common insights, two themes emerge. It includes financial literacy programs and financial planning.
Conclusion: Thus, researchers may look at further strategies in the future to address the problems. Further, they may look more closely at the specific financial difficulties that teachers in various places and demographic groups deal with in order to better tailor financial literacy initiatives.
Gestão da Propriedade Intelectual de Patentes na Universidade Federal de Sergipe
Authors: Santos Danilo Batista dos , Santos Maria dos Prazeres Costa , Oliveira Junior Jadilson Batista de , Oliveira Junior Antonio Martins de
Published: July 2024

A Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) desempenha um papel crucial no avanço científico, gerando produtos e processos patenteáveis. Este estudo analisou o portfólio de patentes da UFS, sob o ponto de vista da gestão da propriedade intelectual. Utilizando periódicos científicos como Scielo, Web of Science e ScienceDirect, e a base de patentes do INPI, foram verificados os status e quantidades de pedidos de patentes. Os resultados revelaram que 158 depósitos foram alvo de decisões pelo INPI, sendo 20 concedidos, oito anulados, 96 arquivados e 42 indeferidos pelo INPI. Além disso, verificou-se que a taxa de sucesso de patenteamento da UFS foi de 13%, sendo justificada pelo alto número de pedidos arquivados e indeferidos. Esses resultados são relevantes para orientar os núcleos de inovação na gestão e manutenção de pedidos de patentes.
Prospecção Tecnológica da Copaíba como Insumo Vegetal: explorando aplicações específicas nas indústrias de alimentos, cosméticos e farmacêutica
Authors: Pereira Maria Luiza Andrade , Barbalho Célia Regina Simonetti
Published: July 2024

Este artigo aborda a importância da prospecção tecnológica para a inovação. Destaca-se que as atividades econômicas recentes aceleraram a extinção de espécies e de ecossistemas, resultando em perdas significativas de biodiversidade com impactos econômicos e sociais a longo prazo. A pesquisa utilizou estudos prospectivos para analisar o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico de insumos vegetais, especialmente considerando a biodiversidade brasileira como fonte crucial de ativos biológicos. Metodologicamente, a busca de dados de patentes foi realizada utilizando a plataforma Orbit Intelligence, permitindo a sistematização de dados para embasar ações estratégicas relacionadas à pesquisa de tecnologias patenteadas. A análise revelou 149 documentos de patentes, destacando avanços na utilização da Copaíba como insumo vegetal, com ênfase nas categorias A61K-036 e A61K-008, que desempenham papel crucial na contagem de patentes, especialmente em formulações farmacêuticas e em composições químicas, impulsionando a inovação nesse campo.
Editorial
Authors: Tonholo Josealdo
Published: July 2024

Compartilhamos com os leitores a satisfação de termos mais um número da revista Cadernos de Prospecção publicado. Essa satisfação encontra, porém, um contraponto negativo num cenário no qual interesses comerciais dominam as relações na sociedade como um todo e atingem também os processos editoriais no ambiente acadêmico.
A manutenção de um periódico científico requer o trabalho voluntário não só dos editores, dos membros do Conselho Editorial, mas também de dezenas de pesquisadores que realizam as avaliações de manuscritos. Esse trabalho voluntário, dedicado e criterioso, se manteve assim por muitos anos. Entretanto, ao longo do tempo, surgiu uma cultura, em especial nos cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu, resumida na expressão publish or perish (publique ou pereça), desencadeando uma corrida para gerar altos valores nos indicadores de número de publicações. Essa corrida por bom desempenho em número de publicações tem trazido péssimas consequências, entre as quais, o grande número de publicações sem relevância e, mais recentemente, o surgimento de editoras com práticas predatórias.
Pode-se entender que editoras com práticas predatórias são aquelas em que os interesses comerciais prevalecem sobre os interesses acadêmicos, científicos ou éticos. São organizações que não utilizam boas práticas editoriais, não se preocupam com a transparência em seus processos de avaliação e de editoração, nem estão comprometidas com a boa qualidade ou confiabilidade do que publicam.
Por tudo isso, é extremamente importante valorizar os periódicos científicos sérios, éticos e comprometidos com a divulgação científica relevante, com avaliação por pares. Em especial, também é preciso valorizar os periódicos que, além do compromisso citado, se mantêm com processos de submissão gratuitos ou com valores módicos, apenas para pagar custos, como obtenção do Identificador de Objeto Digital (DOI), hospedagem de endereço eletrônico, etc.
Assim sendo, ao compartilhar com os leitores da revista Cadernos de Prospecção mais um conjunto de artigos que tratam de assuntos relacionados à Propriedade Intelectual, à Prospecção Tecnológica e à Transferência de Tecnologia, destacamos aqui o nosso agradecimento a todas as editoras que zelam pelas boas práticas editoriais e a todos e todas que participam, em geral voluntariamente, dessas editoras.
Ressaltamos que nesta edição estão publicadas 22 pesquisas de 65 autores de 22 instituições de 12 estados e quatro regiões do país, 
 
Boa leitura!            
Josealdo Tonholo
Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação PROFNIT
Reitor da Universidade Federal de Alagoas
Dor, Objeto Perfuro-Cortante
Authors: Villar Thais
Published: July 2024

Resumo Indisponível.
O ITBI NA INTEGRALIZAÇÃO DE IMÓVEIS NO CAPITAL SOCIAL DE PESSOA JURÍDICA: ASPECTOS CONTROVERSOS DA IMUNIDADE PREVISTA NO ART. 156, §2º, I, DA CF/88
Authors: Mendes Antunes Tales , Ribeiro Maia Felipe Fernandes
Published: July 2024

O presente trabalho versa sobre os aspectos controversos da imunidade tributária prevista no art. 156, §2º, I da CF/88, notadamente com relação à inclusão ou exclusão da regra de exceção da imunidade nos casos de transmissão de bens ou direitos incorporados ao patrimônio da pessoa jurídica em realização de capital. Para tanto, buscou-se analisar a regra matriz de incidência do ITBI, juntamente com a regra geral de imunidade prevista no art. 156, §2º, I da CF/88, para, então, debruçar-se sobre a exceção à regra. Em sequência, abordou-se a divergência doutrinária acerca da extensão da exceção à regra de imunidade a partir da interpretação gramatical e teleológica da expressão “salvo se, nesses casos” contida no dispositivo constitucional estudado. Por fim, analisou-se o voto do Ministro Alexandre de Moraes no julgamento pelo STF do Recurso Extraordinário 796.376/SC, o qual, em caráter obiter dictum, consignou que a imunidade do ITBI na realização de capital não seria limitada à atividade preponderante do adquirente, restringindo a exceção à imunidade do art. 156, §2º, I, da Carta Magna, tão somente, às reorganizações societárias.
PONDERAÇÃO, DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS E RETROCESSO SOCIAL
Authors: Bahia Saulo Jose Casali , Dos Santos Almeida Bruna
Published: July 2024

O presente trabalho apresenta uma breve análise da teoria da proporcionalidade do jusfilósofo alemão Robert Alexy. O método da ponderação é trazido para o estudo com intenção de resolver a situação de colisões de direitos fundamentais a partir do sopesamento de princípios. Partindo desse entendimento, aborda-se a jurisprudência da crise e o princípio da vedação do retrocesso social em confronto com a impossibilidade de se conceber a existência de direitos absolutos.
Mineração e Ecosofia: Uma reflexão jurídico-filosófica sobre o extrativismo mineral brasileiro
Authors: Trajano de Almeida Silva Tagore , Mota Ribeiro Orlando
Published: July 2024

A mineração representa importante setor produtivo atrelado ao mercado de consumo, com amplo arcabouço normativo voltado à gestão das melhores práticas de exploração mineral, considerada a sensibilidade de um exercício empresarial estreitamente ligado a um constante quadro de degradação ambiental. A ecosofia do filósofo Guattari traz especial contribuição ao panorama industrial mineiro no país, ao modular mecanismos de reflexão e conduta pautadas em uma conscientização ambiental coletiva para a criação de novas subjetividades. Dentro das ponderações aventadas, o presente trabalho ventila a diplomação legal empreendida na proteção ambiental e infere análise crítica sobre os arquétipos circunscritos à psicologia simbólica junguiana em relação ao modelo econômico mineral brasileiro, suas características e problemáticas correlatas, além da salutar e necessária abordagem sob o manto da alteridade para a preservação ambiental e o pleno desenvolvimento da sociedade sob uma perspectiva humanista, plural e democrática.
Dimensão Feminina da Pobreza
Authors: MacêdoPaixão Kalita , Roque de Araújo Fábio
Published: July 2024

Tendo em vista a desigualdade social no Brasil, a seguinte pesquisa se debruça especialmente ao enfoque na pobreza associada à problemática de gênero, ou seja, acera da – suposta – dimensão feminina da pobreza. Isto é: investiga-se o tema da miserabilidade econômico-financeira como mais uma possível camada da vulnerabilidade feminina. Através do método exploratório pela revisão bibliográfica, associando tanto pesquisas de cunho qualitativo quanto quantitativo – para suprir as demandas de análises subjetivas e objetivas – pretende-se à hipótese de que a desigualdade de gênero afeta negativamente as mulheres também à nível de escassez de recursos. Teriam as mulheres a sua independência cerceada nesse sentido, tanto no que tange às suas possibilidades de ganhos, quanto de gestão dos seus recursos. A dedicação a um estudo mais detalhado sobre mais esta camada da vulnerabilização das mulheres, através da multidisciplinariedade inclusive, há de fornecer um novo olhar sobre a desigualdade de gênero, ao passo que demonstra a pluralidade de maneiras que a estrutura sexista enraizada na sociedade é capaz de afetar suas vítimas. Deste modo, vislumbra-se uma base mais robusta no sentido acadêmico para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas voltadas ao combate à pobreza e também à desigualdade de gênero. O resultado obtido para contribuição confirma que a pobreza tem uma face feminina sobretudo por estar ligada à monoparentalidade, que é majoritariamente exercida pelas mulheres. Como consequência da imposição do papel social com relação à função de cuidado a elas especialmente destinada, surgem inevitáveis implicações – ou melhor – prejuízos financeiros.
Introdução ao direito das sucessões na Alemanha
Authors: ZANINI LEONARDO ESTEVAM DE ASSIS
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar um estudo panorâmico do direito das sucessões na Alemanha. Trata-se de pesquisa que utiliza metodologia descritiva e dedutiva, baseada fundamentalmente na investigação bibliográfica e legislativa. Para tanto, o texto estuda a fundamentação constitucional e as fontes legais da matéria. Em seguida, são examinadas as principais regras que tratam da sucessão legítima e da sucessão testamentária. Especial destaque é dado ao sistema sucessório da parentela, assunto que sempre chamou a atenção dos juristas brasileiros. Também são feitos apontamentos acerca do pagamento de dívidas e de impostos. Por fim, os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a legislação alemã foi construída levando em conta as tradições culturais germânicas e o sistema da parentela, apresentando, por isso, importantes pontos de divergência em relação à legislação brasileira.
A IMPROBIDADE ADMINISTRATIVA URBANÍSTICA NOS PLANOS DIRETORES E O ADVENTO DA LEI FEDERAL Nº 14.320/2021
Authors: De Morais Braga Júnior Sérgio Alexandre , Da Rocha França Vladimir
Published: July 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir como o advento da nova lei de improbidade administrativa impactou a concepção sobre o cometimento de atos ímprobos na seara urbanística no que dizem respeito aos planos diretores. O trabalho será desenvolvido mediante análise bibliográfica e documental. Nesse sentido, partindo da análise constitucional da política urbana no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, denota-se o plano diretor como instrumento essencial à execução dos propósitos da política urbana. Ademais, são identificados os impactos angariados por alterações trazidas pela Nova Lei de Improbidade Administrativa sobre a relação entre os atos considerados contrários aos princípios básicos da administração pública e os planos diretores. E ainda, serão discutidas sob o método jurídico de Alf Ross e a interpretação realista do direito, o arcabouço normativo da Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro para contribuir com a solução das situações diagnosticadas.
PARTICIPAÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA, PROCESSO DECISÓRIO DA JUSTIÇA CONSTITUCIONAL E EFETIVIDADE DOS DIREITOS NA CRISE DO CONSTITUCIONALISMO SOCIAL
Authors: Garcia Gil Arilson
Published: July 2024

O tema deste artigo é a participação democrática no processo decisório da Justiça Constitucional, com recorte metodológico que define como objeto de estudo o papel dos instrumentos de participação para efetividade dos direitos diante da crise do constitucionalismo social. É analisada a racionalidade jurídica da Justiça Constitucional com seus métodos e instrumentos de legitimação para exercício de seu papel de construção do sentido normativo das Constituições, bem como na relação entre o poder econômico e o poder político na tomada de decisões referentes aos direitos sociais. Os objetivos do trabalho são a identificação dos fundamentos constitucionais para os instrumentos estudados, o exame da legislação infraconstitucional brasileira e a verificação da existência dos referidos instrumentos em outros sistemas constitucionais como o da Espanha ou, em caso negativo, a adequação de sua adoção. Pretende-se realizar uma análise crítica do tema por revisão bibliográfica dos marcos teóricos desenvolvidos no neoconstitucionalismo europeu e no novo constitucionalismo latino-americano. Referida análise indica, apesar das diferenças de contextos, um denominador comum entre os movimentos constitucionalistas europeu e latino-americano diante da crise do Estado Social: a necessidade de aumentar a participação democrática e o controle nas decisões de importância constitucional para garantir a efetividade dos direitos sociais. Conclui-se que as Audiências Públicas e o instituto do Amicus Curiae são instrumentos de participação e deliberação dialógica de defesa da efetividade dos direitos sociais e de controle sobre os critérios e limites da racionalidade jurídica da Justiça Constitucional.
Cooperative Catalysis with Aldehydes and Copper: Development and Application in Aerobic Oxidative CH Amination at Room Temperature
Authors: Xie Yinjun , Qian Bo , Xie Pan , Huang Hanmin
Published: February 2013

A conceptually new cooperative catalytic system via a synergistic combination of aldehyde and copper catalysis has been established based on systemic mechanistic studies. This new cooperative catalysis has been successfully applied in the direct aerobic oxidative CH amination of azoles at room temperature, which was previously realized under harsh conditions. Mechanistic studies including isotopic labeling experiments and kinetic isotope effect (KIE) experiments support a reaction pathway that involves formation of an aminal, hydrolysis of the aminal to generate the copper‐amide species, subsequent CH amination and re‐oxidation of copper(I) to copper(II) by oxygen. It not only provides an efficient method to realize the oxidative CH amination of benzoxazoles with free amines at room temperature, but also paves the way for establishing new CN bond formation reactions by using this efficient cooperative catalysis.
Photon‐Upconverting Nanoparticles for Optical Encoding and Multiplexing of Cells, Biomolecules, and Microspheres
Authors: Gorris Hans H. , Wolfbeis Otto S.
Published: February 2013

Photon‐upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are lanthanide‐doped nanocrystals that emit visible light under near‐infrared excitation (anti‐Stokes emission). This unique optical property precludes background fluorescence and light scattering from biological materials. The emission of multiple and narrow emission lines is an additional hallmark of UCNPs that opens up new avenues for optical encoding. Distinct emission signatures can be obtained if the multiple emission of UCNPs is tuned by their dopant composition or by surface modification with dyes. Tuning the intensity of only one of the multiple emission lines and using another one as a constant reference signal enables the design of ratiometric codes that are resistant to fluctuations in absolute signal intensities. Combining several UCNPs each displaying a distinct set of emission lines expands the coding capacity exponentially and lays the foundation for highly multiplexed analyte detection. This Review highlights the potential of UCNPs for labeling and encoding biomolecules, microspheres, and even whole cells.
Effect of ZnO type and concentration on the mophology, thermal, and mechanical properties of poly(ether ester)/ZnO composites
Authors: Celebi Hande , Bayram Goknur , Dogan Aydın
Published: February 2013

Poly(ether ester) (PEE) copolymers were synthesized in a two‐stage process involving transesterification and polycondensation. The synthesized copolymer and the zinc oxide (ZnO) were used in composite preparation by melt compounding. The influence of ZnO type and concentration on the morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. DSC and XRD analyses indicated that crystallinity of composites was slightly reduced with ZnO content. Homogeneous dispersion of fillers in the polymer matrix was observed through morphological analyses. While in general tensile strength and elongation at break values of the composites decreased with increasing ZnO content, elastic modulus values increased with the addition of ZnO. Moreover, ZnO particles were modified with poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) and a slight improvement in mechanical properties was observed, respectively over the composites containing unmodified particles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
CREB participates in the IGF‐I‐stimulation cyclin D1 transcription
Authors: Yan Yun , Li Xiaoyu , Kover Karen , Clements Mark , Ye Ping
Published: February 2013

IGF‐I stimulates proliferation and cell cycle progression in progenitor cells of a number of neural cell types, including neuronal and glial progenitors. The precise mechanisms of this regulation, however, have not been fully defined. To elucidate the mechanism of IGF‐I actions on neural cell proliferation, we utilized a rat oligodendroglial cell line (OL‐1) and primary oligodendrocyte precursors (OPC) and studied IGF‐I regulation of cyclin D1 expression and its promoter activity, because cyclin D1 is critical to the promotion of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Transient transfection of a reporter driven by the rat cyclin D1 promoter showed that IGF‐I stimulates cyclin D1 promoter activity. Furthermore, 5′‐end deletions and mutation analysis of this promoter revealed that a cAMP response element (CRE) within −174 base pair (bp) upstream of the transcription start site is crucial to the IGF‐induced increase in cyclin D1 transcription. Consistently, Western immunoblot analysis demonstrated that IGF‐I induced CREB (CRE binding protein) phosphorylation, while ablation of CREB expression with small interfering RNAs (siRNA) blocked IGF‐I actions on cyclin D1 mRNA expression and cell proliferation. Additionally, IGF‐I‐stimulated CREB phosphorylation was blunted by the MAP kinase inhibitor, PD98059, but not by the PI3 kinase inhibitor, wortmannin. ChIP assays revealed that IGF‐1 increased the association of CREB with the cyclin D1 promoter. Taken together, our data indicate that IGF‐I upregulates cyclin D1 transcription partially by inducing CREB phosphorylation through the ERK‐MAP kinase pathway, and thus increasing its recruitment to the cyclin D1 promoter. These results provide an important mechanism of IGF‐I‐induced glial cell growth and proliferation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 559–570, 2013
Expression of a dominant negative mutant innexin in identified neurons and glial cells reveals selective interactions among gap junctional proteins
Authors: Yazdani Neema , Firme Constantine P. , Macagno Eduardo R. , Baker Michael W.
Published: February 2013

Neurons and glia of the medicinal leech CNS express different subsets of the 21 innexin genes encoded in its genome. We report here that the punctal distributions of fluorescently tagged innexin transgenes varies in a stereotypical pattern depending on the innexin expressed. Furthermore, whereas certain innexins colocalize extensively (INX1 and INX14), others do not (e.g., INX1 and INX2 or INX6). We then demonstrate that the mutation of a highly conserved proline residue in the second transmembrane domain of innexins creates a gap junction protein with dominant negative properties. Coexpressing the mutated INX1 gene with its wild type blocks the formation of fluorescent puncta and decouples the expressing neuron from its normal gap junction‐coupled network of cells. Similarly, expression of an INX2 mutant transgene (a glial cell innexin), blocks endogenous INX2 puncta and wild‐type transgene puncta, and decouples the glial cell from the other glial cells in the ganglion. We show in cell culture with dye‐uptake and plasma membrane labeling experiments that the mutant innexin transgene is not expressed on the cell membrane but instead appears to accumulate in the cell's perinuclear region. Lastly, we use these mutant innexin transgenes to show that the INX1 mutant transgene blocks not only INX1 puncta formation, but also puncta of INX14, with which INX1 usually colocalizes. By contrast, the formation of INX6 puncta was unaffected by the INX1 mutant. Together, these experiments suggest that leech innexins can selectively interact with one another to form gap junction plaques, which are heterogeneously located in cellular arbors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 571–586, 2013
Is RAD‐seq suitable for phylogenetic inference? An in silico assessment and optimization
Authors: Cariou Marie , Duret Laurent , Charlat Sylvain
Published: February 2013

Inferring phylogenetic relationships between closely related taxa can be hindered by three factors: (1) the lack of informative molecular variation at short evolutionary timescale; (2) the lack of established markers in poorly studied taxa; and (3) the potential phylogenetic conflicts among different genomic regions due to incomplete lineage sorting or introgression. In this context, Restriction site Associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) seems promising as this technique can generate sequence data from numerous DNA fragments scattered throughout the genome, from a large number of samples, and without preliminary knowledge on the taxa under study. However, divergence beyond the within‐species level will necessarily reduce the number of conserved and non‐duplicated restriction sites, and therefore the number of loci usable for phylogenetic inference. Here, we assess the suitability of RAD‐seq for phylogeny using a simulated experiment on the 12 Drosophila genomes, with divergence times ranging from 5 to 63 million years. These simulations show that RAD‐seq allows the recovery of the known Drosophila phylogeny with strong statistical support, even for relatively ancient nodes. Notably, this conclusion is robust to the potentially confounding effects of sequencing errors, heterozygosity, and low coverage. We further show that clustering RAD‐seq data using the BLASTN and SiLiX programs significantly improves the recovery of orthologous RAD loci compared with previously proposed approaches, especially for distantly related species. This study therefore validates the view that RAD sequencing is a powerful tool for phylogenetic inference.
The external validity of MRI‐defined vascular depression
Authors: Pimontel Monique A. , Reinlieb Michelle E. , Johnert Lauren C. , Garcon Ernst , Sneed Joel R. , Roose Steven P.
Published: February 2013

Objective

Multiple diagnostic criteria have been used to define vascular depression (VD). As a result, there are discrepancies in the clinical characteristics that have been established for the illness. The aim of this study was twofold. First, we used empirically established diagnostic criteria to determine the clinical characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐defined VD. Second, we assessed the agreement between a quantitative and qualitative method for identifying the illness.

Method

We examined the baseline clinical and neuropsychological profile of 38 patients from a larger, double‐blind, randomized, 12‐week clinical trial comparing nortriptyline with sertraline in depressed older adults. Ten patients met quantitative criteria for MRI‐defined VD based on the highest quartile of deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) volume. Fourteen patients met qualitative criteria for MRI‐defined VD based on a DWMH score of 2 or higher on the Fazekas' modified Coffey rating scale.

Results

Age, gender, cumulative illness rating scale‐geriatric (CIRS‐G) score, two measures of psychomotor retardation [the psychomotor retardation item of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) as well as performance on the Purdue Pegboard], and performance on the Stroop Color/Word test (a measure of the response inhibition component of executive functioning) were significantly different between those with VD and non‐VD.

Conclusions

Patients with VD have a distinct clinical and neuropsychological profile that is mostly consistent across different methods for identifying the illness. These findings support the notion that MRI‐defined VD represents a unique and valid subtype of late‐life depression. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of the diurnal cycle of Aerosol Optical Depth in West Africa
Authors: Kocha C. , Tulet P. , Lafore J.‐P. , Flamant C.
Published: February 2013

High resolution atmospheric simulations with the AROME model coupled with a dust module over West Africa for the whole of June 2006 were used to calculate aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Simulations showed a significant diurnal cycle of 0.2 in the dust AOT that could not be inferred from the MODIS Deep Blue retrievals due to their timings. Dust sources are mainly driven by the breakdown of the early morning low‐level jet and by moist convection in the afternoon, leading to opposite diurnal cycles. Also, simulations show that cloud cover significantly prevents the observation of AOT. The under‐sampling of the diurnal cycle by satellites plus the impact of cloud masks on the space‐borne AOT retrievals induce an underestimation of 0.28 (~40%) over the convective regions and an overestimation of 0.1 (17%) over morning source areas like Bodélé. A combination of observations and high‐resolution models could constrain bias and give a more realistic AOT climatology.
Applying the Happenstance Learning Theory to Involuntary Career Transitions
Authors: Krumboltz John D. , Foley Pamela F. , Cotter Elizabeth W.
Published: February 2013

The happenstance learning theory (HLT) proposes a model of career counseling that helps clients to build more satisfying personal and work lives. Although reflective listening remains an essential part of the process, HLT is an action‐oriented approach to helping clients to both create and benefit from unplanned events. Success is measured not by what happens during the counseling interview but by what the client experiences in the real world during and after counseling. A case study illustrates how HLT might be applied with a client who has been laid off after 20 years on the job.
Combination of COSMOmic and molecular dynamics simulations for the calculation of membrane–water partition coefficients
Authors: Jakobtorweihen Sven , Ingram Thomas , Smirnova Irina
Published: February 2013

The importance of membrane‐water partition coefficients led to the recent extension of the conductor‐like screening model for realistic solvation (COSMO‐RS) to micelles and biomembranes termed COSMOmic. Compared to COSMO‐RS, this new approach needs structural information to account for the anisotropy of colloidal systems. This information can be obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In this work, we show that this combination of molecular methods can efficiently be used to predict partition coefficients with good agreement to experimental data and enables screening studies. However, there is a discrepancy between the amount of data generated by MD simulations and the structural information needed for COSMOmic. Therefore, a new scheme is presented to extract data from MD trajectories for COSMOmic calculations. In particular, we show how to calculate the system structure from MD, the influence of lipid conformers, the relation to the COSMOmic layer size, and the water/lipid ratio impact. For a 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DMPC) bilayer, 66 partition coefficients for various solutes were calculated. Further, 52 partition coefficients for a 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (POPC) bilayer system were calculated. All these calculations were compared to experimental data. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Musculoskeletal determinants of pelvic sucker function in hawaiian stream gobiid fishes: Interspecific comparisons and allometric scaling
Authors: Maie Takashi , Schoenfuss, Heiko L. , Blob Richard W.
Published: February 2013

Gobiid fishes possess a distinctive ventral sucker, formed from fusion of the pelvic fins. This sucker is used to adhere to a wide range of substrates including, in some species, the vertical cliffs of waterfalls that are climbed during upstream migrations. Previous studies of waterfall‐climbing goby species have found that pressure differentials and adhesive forces generated by the sucker increase with positive allometry as fish grow in size, despite isometry or negative allometry of sucker area. To produce such scaling patterns for pressure differential and adhesive force, waterfall‐climbing gobies might exhibit allometry for other muscular or skeletal components of the pelvic sucker that contribute to its adhesive function. In this study, we used anatomical dissections and modeling to evaluate the potential for allometric growth in the cross‐sectional area, effective mechanical advantage (EMA), and force generating capacity of major protractor and retractor muscles of the pelvic sucker (m. protractor ischii and m. retractor ischii) that help to expand the sealed volume of the sucker to produce pressure differentials and adhesive force. We compared patterns for three Hawaiian gobiid species: a nonclimber (Stenogobius hawaiiensis), an ontogenetically limited climber (Awaous guamensis), and a proficient climber (Sicyopterus stimpsoni). Scaling patterns were relatively similar for all three species, typically exhibiting isometric or negatively allometric scaling for the muscles and lever systems examined. Although these scaling patterns do not help to explain the positive allometry of pressure differentials and adhesive force as climbing gobies grow, the best climber among the species we compared, S. stimpsoni, does exhibit the highest calculated estimates of EMA, muscular input force, and output force for pelvic sucker retraction at any body size, potentially facilitating its adhesive ability. J. Morphol. 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing millennial tree ring chronologies in the fire‐prone North American boreal forest
Authors: ARSENEAULT DOMINIQUE , DY BENJAMIN , GENNARETTI FABIO , AUTIN JULIA , BÉGIN YVES
Published: February 2013

A denser global network of millennial tree ring chronologies is needed to verify whether the warming of the last century is anomalously rapid or of large amplitude in the context of the last millennium. The North American boreal forest in particular has been poorly represented in long climatic reconstructions based on tree rings, because of short tree longevity, as well as frequent and severe wildfires. In this study, we exhaustively sampled tree remains in the littoral zone of two lakes and partially sampled seven additional lakes in the northern boreal forest of eastern Canada to verify if highly replicated millennial tree ring chronologies could be developed. In total, 989 black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.] tree remains were sampled, of which 529 could be crossdated, providing a master chronology spanning the AD 676–1991 time period. Radiocarbon dating of a floating chronology indicates that maximum residence time of tree remains outside of sediments is at least 1500 years. Past fires halted or reduced wood inputs at least once at all but one site and thus influenced the replication of local chronologies. However, fire effects can be minimized using appropriate site selection criteria (old‐growth forest on the leeward shore, sharp deepening of the littoral zone, burial of tree remains by fine sediments), such that it would be possible to develop a network of several highly and evenly replicated multi‐century local chronologies. These tree ring chronologies would have desirable properties for extracting low‐frequency tree growth trends and for reconstructing forest disturbance histories. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LeMAPK4 participated in cold‐induced ethylene production in tomato fruit
Authors: Zhao Ruirui , Xie Handing , Lv Shengnan , Zheng Yang , Yu Mengmeng , Shen Lin , Sheng Jiping
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND: Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK, EC 2.7.11.24) cascade from several plant species has been shown to be activated during response to abiotic stress. Ethylene plays an important role in fruit tolerance to environmental stress. However, the mechanisms by which MAPK regulates defence systems in fruit and the relationship between MAPK and ethylene remain to be determined.

RESULTS: MAPK inhibitor significantly decreased the chilling tolerance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Lichun) fruit during cold storage. Moreover, decreases in ethylene content, LeACS2 expression and activities of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS, EC 4.4.1.14) and ACC oxidase (ACO, EC 1.14.17.4) due to MAPK inhibitor occurred within 24 h after cold treatment. Upon treatment with cold and ethephon, the ethylene content, activities of ACS and ACO and expression of LeACS2, LeACO1 and LeMAPK4 increased.

CONCLUSION: The results showed the regulation of MAPK in ethylene biosynthesis to protect tomato fruit from cold stress. In addition, the participation of LeMAPK4 in cold‐induced ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruit was indicated. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
White matter integrity affected by depressive symptoms in migraine without aura: a tract‐based spatial statistics study
Authors: Yu Dahua , Yuan Kai , Zhao Ling , Dong Minghao , Liu Peng , Yang Xuejuan , Liu Jixin , Sun Jinbo , Zhou Guangyu , Xue Ting , Zhao Limei , Cheng Ping , Dong Tao , von Deneen Karen M. , Qin Wei , Tian Jie
Published: February 2013

Previous studies have proven that migraine and depression are bidirectionally linked. However, few studies have investigated white matter (WM) integrity affected by depressive symptoms in patients suffering from migraine without aura (MWoA). Forty patients with MWoA were divided into two groups according to their self‐rating depression scale (SDS) score in the present study, including 20 in the SDS (+) (SDS > 49) group and 20 in the SDS (−) (SDS ≤ 49) group. Forty healthy participants were also recruited as the control group. Tract‐based spatial statistics analyses with multiple diffusion tensor imaging‐derived indices [fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD)] were employed collectively to investigate WM integrity between all patients with MWoA and all healthy controls, between each subgroup (SDS (−) group and SDS (+) group) and healthy controls, and between the SDS (−) and SDS (+) groups. Compared with healthy controls, decreased AD was shown in several WM tracts of the whole MWoA group, SDS (−) group and SDS (+) group. In addition, compared with the SDS (−) group, the SDS (+) group showed decreased FA and increased MD and RD, with conserved AD, including the genu, body and splenium of the corpus callosum, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculi, the right anterior corona radiata and some other WM tracts, similar to previous findings in depression disorder. Furthermore, mean FA and RD in some of the above‐mentioned WM tracts in the SDS (+) group were correlated significantly with SDS scores, including the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, the right anterior corona radiata and the superior longitudinal fasciculi. Our results suggest that WM integrity may be affected by both depression symptoms (more sensitive as RD) and migraine (more sensitive as AD). The findings may serve as a sensitive biomarker of depression severity in MWoA. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does antidepressant medication use affect persistence with diabetes medicines?
Authors: Caughey Gillian E. , Preiss Adrian K. , Vitry Agnes I. , Gilbert Andrew L. , Ryan Philip , Shakib Sepehr , Esterman Adrian , McDermott Robyn A. , Roughead Elizabeth E.
Published: February 2013

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the effect of antidepressant use on persistence with newly initiated oral antidiabetic medicines in older people.

Methods

A retrospective study of administrative claims data from the Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs, from 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2008 of new users of oral antidiabetic medicines (metformin or sulfonylurea). Antidepressant medicine use was determined in the 6 months preceding the index date of the first dispensing of an oral antidiabetic medicine. The outcome was time to discontinuation of diabetes therapy in those with antidepressant use compared with those without. Competing risks regression analyses were conducted with adjustment for covariates.

Results

A total of 29 710 new users of metformin or sulfonylurea were identified, with 7171 (24.2%) dispensed an antidepressant. Median duration of oral antidiabetic medicines was 1.81 years (95% CI 1.72–1.94) for those who received an antidepressant at the time of diabetes medicine initiation, by comparison to 3.23 years (95% CI 3.10–3.40) for those who did not receive an antidepressant. Competing risk analyses showed a 42% increased likelihood of discontinuation of diabetes medications in persons who received an antidepressant (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.37–1.47, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The results of this large population‐based study demonstrate that depression may be contributing to non‐compliance with medicines for diabetes and highlight the need to provide additional services to support appropriate medicine use in those initiating diabetes medicines with co‐morbid depression. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties ofN,N′‐Dinitrourea
Authors: Il'yasov Sergey G. , Sakovich Gennady V. , Lobanova Antonina A.
Published: February 2013

Information on synthesis methods and properties ofN,N′‐dinitrourea and its salts, which were reported virtually simultaneously by different authors in different publications, is summarized and systematized. Merits and drawbacks of various approaches for the synthesis of the target products are discussed. The reactivity ofN,N′‐dinitrourea and its salts in the reactions of nucleophilic substitution and condensation is discussed.
Identification of Kazinol Q, a Natural Product from Formosan Plants, as an Inhibitor of DNA Methyltransferase
Authors: Weng Jing‐Ru , Lai I‐Lu , Yang Hsiao‐Ching , Lin Chun‐Nan , Bai Li‐Yuan
Published: February 2013

DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the epigenetic regulation of the transcription of a number of cancer‐related genes, thereby representing an important target for cancer prevention and treatment. In our search for DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors from Formosan plants, by screening against a library consisting of 12 structurally distinct natural products, we identified kazinol Q {4‐[6‐(1,1‐dimethyl‐allyl)‐7‐hydroxy‐chroman‐2‐yl]‐3,6‐bis‐(3‐methyl‐but‐2‐enyl)‐benzene‐1,2‐diol} as an inhibitor of recombinant DNMT1 with IC50 of 7 μM. The effect of kazinol Q on DNMT inhibition was validated by its ability to reactivate the expression of a DNA methylation‐silenced gene, E‐cadherin, in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. Moreover, kazinol Q suppressed the proliferation of MCF‐7 breast and LNCaP prostate cancer cells, in part, through apoptosis induction. The role of DNMT1 inhibition in mediating kazinol Q's antiproliferative effect was supported by the protective effect of ectopic expression of DNMT1 on kazinol Q‐induced cell death. Molecular modeling analysis suggests that kazinol Q inhibited DNMT activity by competing with cytosine binding, a mechanism similar to that described for (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG). Relative to EGCG, kazinol Q exhibits several desirable features for drug development, including chemical stability and increased hydrophobicity, and might have therapeutic relevance to cancer treatment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Chlorogenic Acid after Oral Administration of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Shuang‐Huang‐Lian in Normal and Febrile Rats
Authors: Gao Ru , Lin Yining , Liang Ge , Yu Boyang , Gao Yuan
Published: February 2013

Shuang‐Huang‐Lian (SHL), a famous traditional Chinese medicine recipe containing Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF), Forsythiae Fructus, and Scutellariae Radix, is clinically used for the treatment of fever and acute upper respiratory tract infection. In this research, a comparative study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic difference of chlorogenic acid (ChA) after oral administration of LJF and SHL to normal and febrile rats with approximately the same dose of 60 mg/kg, and the antipyrexia effect of LJF and SHL on rectal temperature changes induced by Baker's yeast was investigated. The results indicated that AUC0 − t and plasma concentrations of ChA in the febrile rats were significantly higher than normal rats whether in the extract of LJF or SHL. In addition, SHL increased the values of AUC of ChA in both febrile and normal rats compared with LJF alone (p < 0.05), and SHL showed better antipyrexia effect than LJF. These results indicate that fever could play an important role in pharmacokinetic process of ChA. Meanwhile, the combined formula SHL exhibits higher bioavailability of ChA and superior antipyrexia effect than the single herb. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.