bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mixed method study on Chinese primary school EFL teachers’ preparation, affecting factors and support needed to implement intercultural foreign language teaching
Authors: Wang Huang , Xu Tianyuan , Zhang Mengxue
Published: April 2023

Cultivating intercultural competence is a long-term and staged process requiring the efforts of all counterparts in the education field from primary school up to university. Currently, most research on intercultural education in China focuses on the tertiary education context, and little attention has been paid to elementary education as well as primary school EFL teachers. Against this background, this study intends to investigate Chinese primary school EFL teachers’ preparedness for intercultural foreign language teaching (IFLT), its influencing factors, and the support teachers need to implement IFLT. A convergent mixed method was used in this study. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, SPSS and the thematic analysis method were used to analyze the data. Via both quantitative and qualitative methods, this empirical study found that: 1. Primary school EFL teachers are not well prepared for IFLT; 2. Textbooks, the current evaluation system, teachers’ lack of literacy in intercultural competence, insufficient teacher training on intercultural competence, and teachers’ lack of time and energy are five major factors that constrain the implementation of IFLT; 3. Support from school administration, the construction of intercultural-related materials and resources, and practice-oriented teacher training are the three main support teachers need. Based on these findings, the role of textbooks, experience abroad and general materials on culture in promoting IFLT were discussed. At last, implications and future research directions were proposed.
Matrix vesicles promote bone repair after a femoral bone defect in mice
Authors: Mizukami Yuya , Kawao Naoyuki , Takafuji Yoshimasa , Ohira Takashi , Okada Kiyotaka , Jo Jun-Ichiro , Tabata Yasuhiko , Kaji Hiroshi
Published: April 2023

Matrix vesicles (MtVs) are one of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by osteoblasts. Although MtVs have a classically-defined function as an initiator of ossification and recent findings suggest a role for MtVs in the regulation of bone cell biology, the effects of MtVs on bone repair remain unclear. In the present study, we employed collagenase-released EVs (CREVs) containing abundant MtVs from mouse osteoblasts. CREVs were administered locally in gelatin hydrogels to damaged sites after a femoral bone defect in mice. CREVs exhibited the characteristics of MtVs with a diameter <200 nm. The local administration of CREVs significantly promoted the formation of new bone with increases in the number of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive cells and cartilage formation at the damaged site after the femoral bone defect. However, the addition of CREVs to the medium did not promote the osteogenic differentiation of ST2 cells or the ALP activity or mineralization of mouse osteoblasts in vitro. In conclusion, we herein showed for the first time that MtVs enhanced bone repair after a femoral bone defect partly through osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in mice. Therefore, MtVs have potential as a tool for bone regeneration.
Humans prioritize walking efficiency or walking stability based on environmental risk
Authors: Kulkarni Ashwini , Cui Chuyi , Rietdyk Shirley , Ambike Satyajit
Published: April 2023

In human gait, the body’s mechanical energy at the end of one step is reused to achieve forward progression during the subsequent step, thereby reducing the required muscle work. During the single stance phase, humans rely on the largely uncontrolled passive inverted pendular motion of the body to perpetuate forward motion. These passive body dynamics, while improving walking efficiency, also indicate lower passive dynamic stability in the anterior direction, since the individual will be less able to withstand a forward external perturbation. Here we test the novel hypothesis that humans manipulate passive anterior-posterior (AP) stability via active selection of step length to either achieve energy-efficient gait or to improve stability when it is threatened. We computed the AP margin of stability, which quantifies the passive dynamic stability of gait, for multiple steps as healthy young adults (N = 20) walked on a clear and on an obstructed walkway. Participants used passive dynamics to achieve energy-efficient gait for all but one step; when crossing the obstacle with the leading limb, AP margin of stability was increased. This increase indicated caution to offset the greater risk of falling after a potential trip. Furthermore, AP margin of stability increased while approaching the obstacle, indicating that humans proactively manipulate the passive dynamics to meet the demands of the locomotor task. Finally, the step length and the center of mass motion co-varied to maintain the AP margin of stability for all steps in both tasks at the specific values for each step. We conclude that humans actively regulate step length to maintain specific levels of passive dynamic stability for each step during unobstructed and obstructed gait.
A compensatory RNase E variation increases Iron Piracy and Virulence in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa during Macrophage infection
Authors: Vaillancourt Mylene , Galdino Anna Clara Milesi , Limsuwannarot Sam P. , Celedonio Diana , Dimitrova Elizabeth , Broerman Matthew , Bresee Catherine , Doi Yohei , Lee Janet S. , Parks William C. , Jorth Peter
Published: April 2023

During chronic cystic fibrosis (CF) infections, evolvedPseudomonas aeruginosaantibiotic resistance is linked to increased pulmonary exacerbations, decreased lung function, and hospitalizations. However, the virulence mechanisms underlying worse outcomes caused by antibiotic resistant infections are poorly understood. Here, we investigated evolved aztreonam resistantP.aeruginosavirulence mechanisms. Using a macrophage infection model combined with genomic and transcriptomic analyses, we show that a compensatory mutation in thernegene, encoding RNase E, increased pyoverdine and pyochelin siderophore gene expression, causing macrophage ferroptosis and lysis. We show that iron-bound pyochelin was sufficient to cause macrophage ferroptosis and lysis, however, apo-pyochelin, iron-bound pyoverdine, or apo-pyoverdine were insufficient to kill macrophages. Macrophage killing could be eliminated by treatment with the iron mimetic gallium. RNase E variants were abundant in clinical isolates, and CF sputum gene expression data show that clinical isolates phenocopied RNase E variant functions during macrophage infection. Together these data show howP.aeruginosaRNase E variants can cause host damage via increased siderophore production and host cell ferroptosis but may also be targets for gallium precision therapy.
A mountain girl with skyblue teeth
Authors: Sheff Daisy
Published: April 2023

My paintings offer glimpses into detailed, private narratives – a world outside of everyday existence with a logic all its own. They are at once sincere and absurd. ‘Damozels’ in mountainous gowns, inquiring dogs and readers of tiny books, all perform their secret rituals. I use cartoonish imagery – thought bubbles, flowers, question marks, Sleep-Zs, popping eyes – as simple signifiers in a space which is constantly dissolving/morphing/ complicating into something else.
Netherlandish painting as contemporary art
Authors: Draxler Helmut
Published: April 2023

‘Netherlandish painting as contemporary art’ represents a section from the fifth chapter of the book Die Wahrheit der Niederländischen Malerei. Eine Archäologie der Gegenwartskunst, which has been published recently in German by Brill/Fink in Paderborn in an English translation. The general argument of that book can be found in the assumption that it is not the overcoming of the Italian tradition by singular modernist artists which made modern and contemporary art possible, but rather a subtle and ongoing transformation of the Netherlandish tradition into the institutional, medial and discursive spaces of modernity. The selected section will lead the reader directly into a discussion of painting in Delft in the 1650s, referring particularly to the conceptual framework of what is called ‘the analytical image’, which the author proposes to understand as one of the essential stakes by which painting began to struggle for its status as art in the modern sense.
Lonnie Holley: Tangled Up in de Kooning’s Fence, Curated by Alison M. Gingeras
Lonnie Holley at the Elaine de Kooning House: Everything That Wasn’t White
Authors: Schwabsky Barry
Published: April 2023

Review of: Lonnie Holley: Tangled Up in de Kooning’s Fence, Curated by Alison M. Gingeras

South Etna Montauk Foundation, New York, 1 May–1 August 2021

Lonnie Holley at the Elaine de Kooning House: Everything That Wasn’t White

Parrish Art Museum, Water Mill, New York, 24 April–6 September 2021
Analysis and mapping of global scientific research on human monkeypox over the past 20 years
Authors: Bustanji Yasser , Shihab Katia H. Abu , El-Huneidi Waseem , Semreen Mohammad H. , Abu-Gharbieh Eman , Alzoubi Karem H. , Alqudah Mohammad A. Y. , Abuhelwa Ahmad Y. , Abu-Rish Eman Y. , Bajes Hana , Obaideen Khaled , Hamad Islam , Soares Nelson C. , Faris MoezAlIslam E.
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim: Human monkeypox is an emerging global threat. Hundreds of publications were disseminated in the last few months. This study aimed to map, analyze, and evaluate the bibliometric indicators of the global monkeypox research output.

Materials and Methods: All documents published in the past 20 years were retrieved using the Scopus database. Papers published in English and peer-reviewed journals were included. VOSviewer was used to create density and network visualization maps.

Results: A total of 1725 published documents were retrieved. Of these, 53% were published in 2022. The average number of authors per document was 4.2. Authors from the USA were the most active and published about 42.1% of the total documents. International collaboration was evident between the USA and both UK and Congo. Keywords mapping identified the main research lines in this field that correlate monkeypox with public health, smallpox, vaccination, and antiviral treatment.

Conclusion: This study analyzed and mapped the expanding field of monkeypox research across the world. The bibliometric analysis revealed that the United States has contributed greatly in terms of both individual researchers and academic institutions. There was less cooperation on a global scale than was anticipated. Fostering international cooperation is essential for countering this worldwide danger. Additional scientific research should be conducted to investigate the link between smallpox immunization and monkeypox epidemics.

Keywords: bibliometric study, coronavirus disease, epidemic, monkeypox, outbreak, smallpox, virus.
Structural Relationship Between Cultural Adaptation Stress and Bicultural Acceptance Attitude on National Identity of Children from Multicultural Families: Focusing on Differences Depending on Experience of Multicultural Family Policy Support
Authors: 박지나 박지나
Published: April 2023

This study aims to examine a structural relationship between cultural adaptation stress and bicultural acceptance attitude on national identity and to identify the semantic relationship experienced by children from multicultural families, children of immigrant women by intermarriage. In particular, it focuses on the contribution that differences in experience in multicultural family policy support make to national identity. Therefore, data of 1,704 people from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study(MAPS) by the National Youth Policy Institute were utilized, and the PLS-SEM was used as the research method. As a result, first, the direct effect of lowering the bicultural acceptance attitude was revealed when children from multicultural families received a lot of acculturation stress. Second, there was a direct effect that the higher the bicultural acceptance attitude of children from multicultural families, the higher their national identity. Third, when the acculturation stress of children from multicultural families increases, the attitude of accepting bicultural identity decreases, which lowers national identity. In other words, the bicultural acceptance attitude has a significant mediating effect. Fourth, the moderating effect was confirmed that the national identity of the group with experience of receiving multicultural family support policy was stronger than that of the group without experience of policy support in a state where the bicultural acceptance attitude of children from multicultural families was increased.
The Meaning of Refugee Children’s Interpretation Experience
Authors: Kim Hyun-jin , Nho Choong-rai
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the refugee children‘s interpretation experience and to seek practice and policy implications for multicultural education. For the purpose of the study, researchers had after in-depth interviews with 5 refugee children in Korea from January to February 2022. Analyzed data through subject analysis in general qualitative studies. As a result, 3 categories, 6 sub-lower categories, and 13 concepts were derived. 3 categories are ‘the young head of the family who takes care of the family through interpretation’, ‘the pain that a young refugee child had to bear that must be borne because he is a child of a refugee’, and ‘the parent-child differences
in the views on interpretation’. Based on the results, researchers drew the central theme of the refugee children’s interpretation experience as was derived as ‘hidden pain willing to bear for family care’. Based on this reality of interpretation for refugee children, researchers discussed suggestions such as to expand community interpretation services for refugees, psychological counseling and rights education for interpretation for refugee children, parenting education for refugee parents, and Korean language education.
Optimization-based motion primitive automata for autonomous driving
Authors: Pedrosa Matheus V. A. , Scheffe Patrick , Alrifaee Bassam , Flaßkamp Kathrin
Published: April 2023

Trajectory planning for autonomous cars can be addressed by primitive-based methods, which encode nonlinear dynamical system behavior into automata. In this paper, we focus on optimal trajectory planning. Since, typically, multiple criteria have to be taken into account, multiobjective optimization problems have to be solved. For the resulting Pareto-optimal motion primitives, we introduce a universal automaton, which can be reduced or reconfigured according to prioritized criteria during planning. We evaluate a corresponding multi-vehicle planning scenario with both simulations and laboratory experiments.
Trajectory-based traffic observation of cooperation at a road narrowing
Authors: Quante Laura , Gimm Kay , Schießl Caroline
Published: April 2023

Understanding human interactions in today’s transportation system is a prerequisite for developing well-accepted cooperatively interacting autonomous vehicles. This paper is devoted to the two-sided narrow passage scenario and uses trajectory data to investigate drivers’ interaction behavior when encountering each other from opposite directions. Trajectory data of 209 encounters at a road narrowing were analyzed in terms of drivers’ approaching behavior and arrival order. The exploratory analysis has shown that in this specific location an informal traffic rule has developed: It was not the order of arrival but the direction of travel that primarily determined who passed the road narrowing first. This result shows that informal rules can influence drivers’ interaction behavior and should accordingly be considered in the development of autonomous vehicles to ensure safe and efficient encounters with human road users.
Lack of comparability of immunoassays for rheumatoid factor isotypes
Authors: Infantino Maria , Palterer Boaz , Pancani Silvia , Benucci Maurizio , Grossi Valentina , Manfredi Mariangela , Bizzaro Nicola
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by the presence of autoantibodies that are used for classification of the disease. Though routine diagnostics is commonly restricted to measuring rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, detection of RF IgM, IgG and IgA isotypes, may increase the power of RA serodiagnosis by reducing the number of seronegative patients as well as provide prognostic information. The agglutination-based RF assays, such as nephelometry or turbidimetry, are unable to differentiate isotypes. We compared three different immunoassays used in current laboratory practice to detect RF isotypes.

Methods

We tested 117 consecutive serum samples that were positive for total RF at nephelometry, from 55 RA and 62 non-RA subjects. IgA, IgG, and IgM isotypes of RF were tested by immunoenzymatic (ELISA, Technogenetics), fluoroenzymatic (FEIA, ThermoFisher) and chemiluminescence (CLIA, YHLO Biotech Co.) immunoassays.

Results

Diagnostic performance differed considerably between the assays, especially with regard to RF IgG isotype. Agreement among methods by Cohen’s kappa ranged from 0.05 (RF IgG CLIA vs. FEIA) to 0.846 (RF IgM CLIA vs. FEIA).

Conclusions

The poor agreement observed in this study indicates substantial lack of comparability among assays for RF isotypes. Harmonization of these tests requires further efforts before their measurement can be used in clinical practice.
Origin of block accumulations based on the near-surface geophysics
Authors: Duffek Václav , Tábořík Petr , Stacke Václav , Mentlík Pavel
Published: April 2023

Understanding the internal structure of specific landforms is a crucial prerequisite for determining their origin and evolution. Near-surface geophysics represents a non-invasive way of subsurface investigation, and it can be used to describe subsurface conditions, especially in protected areas. We tested possible hypotheses of block accumulations origin and evolution by four different geophysical methods (electrical resistivity tomography [ERT], shallow seismic refraction [SSR], ground penetrating radar [GPR], and electromagnetic induction [EMI]) in the Central European Uplands. At the same time, we evaluated the applicability of geophysical methods to determine the internal structure and thickness of block accumulations. Based on the application of two suitable methods (ERT and SSR), we (1) estimated the thicknesses of block accumulations, (2) partially described their internal structure, and (3) presented the most probable hypotheses of block accumulation origin and evolution in two investigated sites.
Enhancement investigation of mass transfer and mixing performance in the static mixers with three twisted leaves
Authors: Yu YanFang , Li Yu , Meng HuiBo , Liu HuanChen , Li Bo , Li DeAo
Published: April 2023

The mass transfer and mixing performance in the static mixers with three twisted leaves (TKSM) were investigated by the computational fluid dynamics coupled population balance model. A high-precision and efficient gas-liquid two phase model were evaluated by considering several drag models based on experimental bubble size distributions. The bubble size prediction matched well with experimental data and the mean relative error of Sauter mean diameter (d
32) between the prediction and experiment values is 4.93 %. The drag correction factor considering hindering effect of small bubbles can improve the accuracy of cumulative probability distribution (CPD) prediction by 10.06 %. Bubble breakup capacity is quantized via gas-liquid interfacial area, and an empirical correlation between Eo and bubble aspect ratio (γ) have been proposed to predict morphological characteristics of bubble swarms. The effect of liquid Re on the mass transfer rate is much more significant than that of gas volume fraction (α
d). The coefficients of variation profiles show that RL-TKSM has better mixing efficiency compared with LL-TKSM and perfect mixing could be achieved after seven mixing elements. The micro mixing efficiency of RL-TKSM is 1.06–1.14 times that of LL-TKSM, which indicates that RL-TKSM has excellent mixing and mass transfer performances.
Automatic quality assessment of terrestrial laser scans
Authors: Hartmann Jan , Heiken Max , Alkhatib Hamza , Neumann Ingo
Published: April 2023

This work addresses the topic of a quality modelling of terrestrial laser scans, including different quality measures such as precision, systematic deviations in distance measurement and completeness. For this purpose, the term “quality” is first defined in more detail in the field of TLS. A distinction is made between a total of seven categories that affect the quality of the TLS point cloud. The focus in this work lies on the uncertainty modeling of the TLS point clouds especially the distance measurement. It is demonstrated that influences such as the intensity and the incidence angle can lead to systematic deviations in the distance measurement of more than 1 mm. Based on these findings, it is presented that systematic deviations in distance measurement can be divided into four classes using machine learning classification approaches. The predicted classes can be useful for deformation analysis or for processing steps like registration. At the end of this work the entire quality assessment process is demonstrated using a real TLS point cloud (40 million points).
Polariton hybridization phenomena on near-field radiative heat transfer in periodic graphene/α-MoO3 cells
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Yang Bing , Shi Kezhang , Liu Haotuo , Wu Xiaohu
Published: April 2023

Coupling of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) supported by graphene and hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) supported by hyperbolic materials (HMs) could effectively promote photon tunneling, and hence the radiative heat transfer. In this work, we investigate the polariton hybridization phenomena on near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) in multilayer heterostructures, which consist of periodic graphene/α-MoO3 cells. Numerical results show that increasing the graphene/α-MoO3 cells can effectively enhance the NFRHT when the vacuum gap is less than 50 nm, but suppresses the enhanced performance with larger gap distance. This depends on the coupling of SPPs and HPPs in the periodic structure, which is analyzed by the energy transmission coefficients distributed in the wavevector space. The influence of the thickness of the α-MoO3 film and the chemical potential of graphene on the NFRHT is investigated. The findings in this work may guide designing high-performance near-field energy transfer and conversion devices based on coupling polaritons.
Farmers’ Use of the Mobile Phone for Accessing Agricultural Information in Haryana: An Analytical Study
Authors: Kumar Rajender
Published: April 2023

A mobile phone is an Internet-connected device used to share and discuss user-generated content, including opinion, audio, video, and multimedia. This has changed the way farmers engage and communicate across the country, even in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to examine Haryana farmers’ use of mobile phones to get agricultural information. This study was conducted in the six districts of North Haryana, i.e., Ambala, Yamuna Nagar, Kurukshetra, Karnal, Kaithal, and Panipat. Data were collected from a sample size of 300 respondents, including 50 farmers from two tehsils (subdistrict) of each district, through a structured questionnaire and an interview plan. According to the results of this study, most of the farmers have been using mobile phones for over 3 years, and all of them can read and write Hindi to collect and communicate information about agriculture, such as post-harvest, weeding, thinning, and storage. Farmers most commonly use the agricultural information platform, i.e., private agricultural solutions helplines, government agriculture officers/extension agents making calls/short messaging service (SMS), IFFCO Kisan Sanchar, private agricultural companies/pesticide dealers/staff making calls/SMS, and government agriculture department helplines. Kisan Suvidha Agriculture Mobile App, WhatsApp, and YouTube are commonly used by most farmers who believe these network technologies are most effective to increase their knowledge and understanding of modern agricultural technology, although the majority of farmers do and also had language difficulties and challenges in the mobile network.
Sensitivity to Frequency Modulation is Limited Centrally
Authors: Whiteford Kelly L. , Oxenham Andrew J.
Published: April 2023

Modulations in both amplitude and frequency are prevalent in natural sounds and are critical in defining their properties. Humans are exquisitely sensitive to frequency modulation (FM) at the slow modulation rates and low carrier frequencies that are common in speech and music. This enhanced sensitivity to slow-rate and low-frequency FM has been widely believed to reflect precise, stimulus-driven phase locking to temporal fine structure in the auditory nerve. At faster modulation rates and/or higher carrier frequencies, FM is instead thought to be coded by coarser frequency-to-place mapping, where FM is converted to amplitude modulation (AM) via cochlear filtering. Here we show that patterns of human FM perception that have classically been explained by limits in peripheral temporal coding are instead better accounted for by constraints in the central processing of fundamental frequency (F0) or pitch. We measured FM detection in male and female humans using harmonic complex tones with an F0 within the range of musical pitch, but with resolved harmonic components that were all above the putative limits of temporal phase locking (> 8 kHz). Listeners were more sensitive to slow than fast FM rates, even though all components were beyond the limits of phase locking. In contrast, AM sensitivity remained better at faster than slower rates, regardless of carrier frequency. These findings demonstrate that classic trends in human FM sensitivity, previously attributed to auditory-nerve phase locking, may instead reflect the constraints of a unitary code that operates at a more central level of processing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:

Natural sounds involve dynamic frequency and amplitude fluctuations. Humans are particularly sensitive to frequency modulation (FM) at slow rates and low carrier frequencies, which are prevalent in speech and music. This sensitivity has been ascribed to encoding of stimulus temporal fine structure (TFS) via phase-locked auditory-nerve activity. To test this long-standing theory, we measured FM sensitivity using complex tones with a low fundamental frequency (F0) but only high-frequency harmonics, beyond the limits of phase locking. Dissociating the F0 from high-frequency TFS showed that FM sensitivity is limited not by peripheral encoding of TFS, but rather by central processing of F0, or pitch. The results suggest a unitary code for FM detection limited by more central constraints.
The self-concept is represented in the medial prefrontal cortex in terms of self-importance
Authors: Levorsen Marie , Aoki Ryuta , Matsumoto Kenji , Sedikides Constantine , Izuma Keise
Published: April 2023

Knowledge about one’s personality, the self-concept, shapes human experience. Social cognitive neuroscience has made strides addressing the question of where and how the self is represented in the brain. The answer, however, remains elusive. We conducted two functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments (the second preregistered) with human male and female participants employing a self-reference task with a broad range of attributes and carrying out a searchlight representational similarity analysis. The importance of attributes to self-identity was represented in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas mPFC activation was unrelated both to self-descriptiveness of attributes (Experiments 1-2) and importance of attributes to a friend’s self-identity (Experiment 2). Our research provides a comprehensive answer to the abovementioned question: The self-concept is conceptualized in terms of self-importance and represented in the mPFC.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:

The self-concept comprises beliefs about who one is as an individual (e.g., personality traits, physical characteristics, desires, likes/dislikes, and social roles). Despite researchers' efforts in the last two decades to understand where and how the self-concept is stored in the brain, the question remains elusive. Using a neuroimaging technique, we found that a brain region called medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) shows differential but systematic activation patterns depending on the importance of presented word stimuli to a participant's self-concept. Our findings suggest that one's sense of the self is supported by neural populations in the mPFC, each of which is differently sensitive to distinct levels of the personal importance of incoming information.
Pan-Arctic plankton community structure and its global connectivity
Authors: Ibarbalz Federico M. , Henry Nicolas , Mahé Frédéric , Ardyna Mathieu , Zingone Adriana , Scalco Eleonora , Lovejoy Connie , Lombard Fabien , Jaillon Olivier , Iudicone Daniele , Malviya Shruti ,   Tara Oceans Coordinators, Sullivan Matthew B. , Chaffron Samuel , Karsenti Eric , Babin Marcel , Boss Emmanuel , Wincker Patrick , Zinger Lucie , de Vargas Colomban , Bowler Chris , Karp-Boss Lee
Published: April 2023

The Arctic Ocean (AO) is being rapidly transformed by global warming, but its biodiversity remains understudied for many planktonic organisms, in particular for unicellular eukaryotes that play pivotal roles in marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles. The aim of this study was to characterize the biogeographic ranges of species that comprise the contemporary pool of unicellular eukaryotes in the AO as a first step toward understanding mechanisms that structure these communities and identifying potential target species for monitoring. Leveraging the Tara Oceans DNA metabarcoding data, we mapped the global distributions of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found on Arctic shelves into five biogeographic categories, identified biogeographic indicators, and inferred the degree to which AO communities of unicellular eukaryotes share members with assemblages from lower latitudes. Arctic/Polar indicator OTUs, as well as some globally ubiquitous OTUs, dominated the detection and abundance of DNA reads in the Arctic samples. OTUs detected only in Arctic samples (Arctic-exclusives) showed restricted distribution with relatively low abundances, accounting for 10–16% of the total Arctic OTU pool. OTUs with high abundances in tropical and/or temperate latitudes (non-Polar indicators) were also found in the AO but mainly at its periphery. We observed a large change in community taxonomic composition across the Atlantic-Arctic continuum, supporting the idea that advection and environmental filtering are important processes that shape plankton assemblages in the AO. Altogether, this study highlights the connectivity between the AO and other oceans, and provides a framework for monitoring and assessing future changes in this vulnerable ecosystem.
Settlement of Debtors in Default in Credit Agreements with Movable Property Guarantees
Authors: Maharani Aulia , Anwar Ahmad Khoiril
Published: April 2023

An agreement between two or more people is referred to as an agreement. Agreement is something that often happens in society. There are various types of agreements, one of which is a credit agreement, this credit agreement can occur between a debtor and a creditor so as to create a debt-debt relationship, where the debtor is obliged to repay the loan granted by the creditor, based on the terms and conditions agreed upon by the parties. However, sometimes there are conditions where the debtor cannot carry out the obligations specified in the agreement so that collateral is needed in this case movable objects. This article aims to discuss the settlement if the debtor defaults in the credit agreement by using movable objects as collateral. And the method used in this article is a qualitative descriptive method with a normative juridical approach. The results of the discussion on the settlement of defaulting debtors in credit agreements with movable property guarantees, namely through litigation in the form of filing a lawsuit to the district court in accordance with the provisions of civil procedural law, or requests for execution and settlement through the state receivables affairs committee for loans involving state assets or through non-litigation, namely settlement of legal cases carried out outside the court such as mediation, consultation, negotiation, and conciliation.
Contribution of Islamic Law to the Draft Law on the Elimination of Sexual Violence
Authors: Huda Muhammad Wahyu Saiful , Astrovanapoe Syahlila Umaya
Published: April 2023

Cases of sexual violence are like an iceberg. Whereas human rights in the constitution have been contained, and mandated protection for the people of Indonesia. Especially with the Covid-19 pandemic, cases of sexual violence in Indonesia have increased drastically. In Indonesia's positive law has also contained love and obscenity. However, this still does not cover all the problems or types of sexual violence that occur. To cover all aspects of violence, Komnas Perempuan formed a bill on the Elimination of Violence. This bill is expected to examine the existing laws in Indonesia so far. Assessing that the majority of the Indonesian population is Muslim. So, the contents of the bill must not conflict with Islamic law. The research method used is normative juridical. With data sourced from literature on the internet. The PKS Bill is very urgent to ensure the safety of victims and other weak people who have the potential to become victims of sexual violence. However, this bill contains elements of sexual violence in the domestic sphere where a husband who forces him to have sex will be threatened with a crime. It should be noted, this coercion on what basis. The reason why the wife according to Islamic law must be clear according to the rules. During menstruation or when you are sick, it is permissible to refuse.
Consequences of Labeling Terrorists in Papuan Armed Violence Groups: An Examining Belligerent Perspective on the Subject of International Law
Authors: Fakihudin Rifki
Published: April 2023

The labeling of terrorists that the government has attached to the KKB in Papua has made this organization wanted by the TNI and POLRI. The eradication of terrorists is regulated in Law Number 5 of 2018 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. This study aims to analyze the consequences of labeling KKB terrorists in Papua from a belligerent perspective according to international law. Belligerent is a rebel group that is recognized as a subject of international law. For this reason, this study uses a normative legal research method with a doctrinal approach. The legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials using literature study analysis. The results show that terrorists can be categorized as non-state actors who are not legitimized under international law and can be considered unlawful belligerents when they participate directly in the war. Therefore, the status of KKB terrorists in Papua under international law can be considered civilians as long as they are not involved in the fighting. If KKB terrorists are involved in combat, then their legal status becomes unlawful belligerent.
Implications of Mixed Marriage on the Probability of Murder in the Perspective of Law and Human Rights
Authors: Maharani Aulia , Dewi Vika Puspita , Maharani Diva Alya , Ningrum Lia Widya , Hamdani Mushfiq
Published: April 2023

This article examines the legality of mixed marriages in the context of different nationalities in terms of positive law in Indonesia and legal problems regarding mixed marriages where in fact every human being has the right to live in a family by holding the marriage. However, the validity of the marriage will be a dilemma because of differences in citizenship which often have an impact on the rights between the two, even in this case a crime is murder. For this reason, the purpose of this paper is to find out the regulations in solving these problems by prioritizing law and human rights in order to create order and justice. The writing of this article uses normative law with a statutory approach and a case approach. The results of the study found that there were indicators of legal problems between husband and wife who had mixed marriages in the context of different nationalities. And the state's obligation to protect, respect, uphold and promote human rights and the enforcement of just law. So there are important things that need to be considered if there are Indonesian citizens who want to marry foreign nationals.
The Relationship between Understanding Moral Norms and Social Attitudes of Students at State Junior High School 139 Jakarta
Authors: Martianingrum Vara Aulia , Sarkadi Sarkadi , Irawaty Irawaty
Published: April 2023

This study aims to obtain empirical data about whether or not there is a relationship between understanding of moral norms and social attitudes of students at SMP Negeri 139 Jakarta. The method used in this study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational method. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling, with a total sample of 72 seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 139 Jakarta. Judging from the calculation of the Hypothesis Test with the Product Moment Correlation technique, it was found that the Relationship between Understanding Moral Norms and Social Attitudes was moderate. The understanding of the material on moral norms contributes to social attitudes with the interpretation of the coefficient of determination, which is quite significant.
A facile method to prepare superhydrophobic and flame-retardant filter paper for effective oil-water separation
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Huimin , He Yunqing
Published: April 2023

A superhydrophobic and flame-retardant filter paper was prepared by a simple immersion process intended for effective oil-water separation. Superhydrophobicity and flame retardancy were achieved via a magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) nanostructure formed on the filter paper surface and subsequent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) treatment. The surface chemical composition, phase structure, morphology, and wettability of the as-prepared paper were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact angle (WCA) measurement. The as-prepared paper effectively separated both immiscible oil-water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsions while exhibiting good reusability and flame retardancy. Therefore, this study provided a simple method to prepare multifunctional filter paper, with promising potential applications in oily water treatment.
Surface roughness and processing time of a medium density fiberboard cabinet door processed via CNC router, and the energy consumption of the CNC router
Authors: Bal Bekir Cihad , Dumanoğlu Fevzi
Published: April 2023

In recent years, medium density fiberboard has been extensively used for furniture production. Often it is painted or coated using a PVC film in modern production, after the surfaces are formed via CNC machining. The surface roughness of medium density fiberboard used in this way is very important for the quality of the surface. In previous studies, the effects of the cutting parameters of a CNC router on the surface roughness of medium density fiberboard were investigated using laboratory test samples. The present study focused on the effects of certain cutting parameters of a CNC router on the surface roughness of real size test samples. In addition, the energy consumption and total processing time of the CNC router were investigated, in relation to the cutting parameters. Three different spindle speeds (8000 rpm, 12,000 rpm, and 16,000 rpm) and feed rates (3 m/min, 5 m/min, and 7 m/min) were used. According to the data obtained, it was determined that as the spindle speed increased, the surface roughness decreased, and the total energy consumption increased. However, as the feed rate increased, the surface roughness increased, and the total energy consumption decreased.
Analysis of furniture products’ contribution to Turkey’s economy with a hybrid multi-criteria decision making method
Authors: Ersen Nadir
Published: April 2023

The furniture sector has a strategic importance in Turkey. That sector contributes greatly to the national economy, provides high levels of employment, is rapidly growing, and does not have a foreign trade deficit. In this paper, a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method was used to determine the contribution of some furniture products to Turkey’s economy. First, the entropy method was used to determine the weight values of the criteria, and then the ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité (ELimination Et Choice Translating REality) (ELECTRE) method was used to compare and rank the alternatives. As a result of this analysis, the furniture products that contributed the most to the national economy were “seating furniture and parts thereof, other wooden furniture”, “wooden bedroom furniture”, “other metal furniture”, and “parts of furniture other than metal and wood”. The least contributing products were “furniture used in medicine, surgical, dental, veterinary, and barber chairs etc.”, “plastic furniture”, and “furniture other than metal, wood, and plastic”.
Chemical composition analysis and biofunctionality of Polygonatum sibiricum and Polygonatum odoratum extracts
Authors: Liao Wayne C. , Huang Jung-Ping , Huang Wen-Ying
Published: April 2023

Polygonatum sibiricum (P. sibiricum) and Polygonatum odoratum (P. odoratum) are commonly known Chinese herbal medicine sources. Although they had similar medical effects, the difference between these varieties was verified in this study. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was used to determine their chemical composition. P. sibiricum has seven chemical components, whereas P. odoratum has only five. Based on the DPPH radical scavenging activity analysis results, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of P. sibiricum and P. odoratum were 4.23 and 18.3 mg/mL, respectively. The results of ABTS+ radical scavenging activity analysis showed that the IC50 values of P. sibiricum and P. odoratum were 4.77 and 19.3 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, P. sibiricum had higher total phenolic content (10.0 mg of gallic acid / g of extract), and better reducing ability than P. odoratum. Again, P. sibiricum showed better tyrosinase inhibition ability than P. odoratum, and the IC50 values were 9.68 and 15.4 mg/mL, respectively. P. sibiricum was concluded to have better biofunctionality than P. odoratum.
Community-based mental health prevention strategy with older adults
Authors: Zambrano Alba , Molina Miguel , Tranamil Maritza , Santos Joaquín , Cerda Karen
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to characterize the components required for the implementation of a community-based intervention strategy for mental health prevention in older adults in a poor neighborhood in the city of Temuco. The sample of the qualitative study was composed of 15 older adults, 2 neighborhood leaders, and 2 psychosocial interveners who have been working in the sector. The design corresponds to a case study, and semi-structured interviews guided by a guideline of topics and participant observation in activities carried out with older adults in a mental health and self-care workshop were used in the production of data. The data were interpreted through content analysis. The results show that the form of aging is characterized by loneliness and feelings of sadness, including in some cases tensions derived from family dynamics. There is also economic precariousness and difficulty in accessing health services. During the pandemic, they had to face various situations that increased their feelings of loneliness and helplessness. On the other hand, the results show that neighborhood strategies to support the elderly operate on a contingency basis, and are of an assistance type. On the other hand, there is little presence of services and interventions by professional teams of public policy programs focused on this population group. Among the priority needs of the people interviewed are social contact, breaking the routine, participating in collective recreational activities aimed at sharing with others, and developing workshops with external professionals that allow them to learn. In relation to the strategies that can contribute to a community-based intervention, the need for workshop-type group activities is identified, with a horizontal and close treatment of the professionals who dynamize them. These should be held regularly (weekly), with a personalized call, including the use of participatory and playful strategies and the possibility of developing handicrafts. The workshops are understood by the elderly as a space for socialization, mutual support and learning. According to the findings of the research, these workshops should be complemented with interventions and resources that promote healthy lifestyles and resources to adequately meet the needs of the elderly.
High performance metal stearates thermal stabilizers for poly vinyl chloride
Authors: MF Afify , MA Abd El-Ghaffar , EAM Youssef
Published: April 2023

Low thermal stability of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most serious problems that facing its processing. In the present study some single and mixed metal stearate soaps were prepared, characterized and evaluated for their performance in enhancing and imparts the thermal stability of PVC. Accordingly, calcium stearate, barium stearate, zinc stearate and also the mixed metal stearate salt of calcium, zinc and barium were prepared by the double decomposition of sodium stearate and single or mixed metal acetate solutions. The prepared metal stearates were characterized via spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR and XRD) in addition to micro analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the prepared metal stearates are good thermal stabilizers for PVC; also the thermal stability of the prepared (Ca/Ba/Zn) stearate was enhanced when melamine, ammonium poly phosphate, magnesium hydroxide and Ca/Zn phosphate are mixed with it.
Aquaculturable fishery resources in wetlands of West Bengal
Authors: Nandi  N C
Published: April 2023

The State of West Bengal supports a wide variety of wetlands covering freshwater, brackish water, and coastal wetlands, both natural and manmade wetlands. The Directorate of Fisheries, Government of West Bengal estimated at 3,111,92.52 ha which include river, canal, beel/ baor, and reservoir. A list of a total of 61 cultivated and culturable species occurring in freshwater and brackish water wetlands of West Bengal is provided. Another list of 21 crustacean fishery species occurring in coastal wetlands is added in this communication along with their local names, size, occurrence, and utilization from coastal areas of West Bengal. Export of a freshwater prawn species, Macrobrachium rosenbergi (De Man) and a brackish water prawn species, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) are highlighted. It is suggested that relevant Government agencies, local administration, educational institutions, individual experts and NGOs need to act closely on various approaches and issues of mutual interest towards aquacultural development and better management of larger wetlands of West Bengal.