bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patrimonio cultural de Chile
Authors: González Pablo
Published: August 2022

“No podrá el Congreso aprobar ningún nuevo gasto con cargo a los fondos de la Nación sin que se indiquen, al mismo tiempo, las fuentes de recursos necesarios para atender dichogasto. Si la fuente de recursos otorgada por el Congreso fuere insuficiente para financiar cualquier nuevo gasto que se apruebe, el Presidente de la República, al promulgar la ley, previo informe favorable del servicio o institución a través del cual se recaude el nuevo ingreso, refrendado por la Contraloría General de la República, deberá reducir proporcionalmente todos los gastos, cualquiera que sea su naturaleza”. Continuar leyendo...
Propuesta de nueva Constitución
Authors: Borges Humberto
Published: August 2022

Uno de los temas importantes al estudiar la propuesta de nueva Constitución son los tributos. El presente análisis se enfoca en ellos, su creación y distribución. Continuar leyendo...
Reglas claras por un futuro menos incierto
Authors: Alves Tiago
Published: August 2022

En la actualidad, Chile está recibiendo mucha atención de inversionistas de todo el mundo y en especial desde países vecinos debido a su proceso de reforma constitucional. No es para menos, considerando que nuestro país ha sido visto en el mercado mundial como un modelo para el resto de América Latina en términos de estabilidad económica, solidez de sus instituciones, inflación controlada y libre mercado. Continuar leyendo...
The Reversible Fourth-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor OBX02–011 Overcomes C797S-Mediated Resistance in Lung Cancer
Authors: Choi Yun Jung , Kim Da-Som , Sung Young Hoon , Kim Dong Ha , Im Kyungtaek , Lee Hyeonjeong , Lee Chae Won , Cho Jeongin , Min Joongkee , Woo Dong-Cheol , Kim Sung-Eun , Lee Sunho , Kong Yun Jeong , Ryu Hyung Chul , Kim Jae-Sun , Rengasamy Rajesh , Ji Wonjun , Choi Chang-Min , Lee Jae Cheol , Rho Jin Kyung
Published: August 2022

Osimertinib is an irreversible third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that was initially developed to overcome the EGFR T790M mutation and is used as a standard therapy in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR-activating mutations. Despite the remarkable initial efficacy, osimertinib, like other EGFR-TKIs, is limited by the emergence of acquired resistance. As the EGFR mutation C797S has been identified as a key driver of acquired resistance to osimertinib, development of a drug that targets this clinically relevant mutation could help improve patient outcomes. Here, we report the discovery and preclinical efficacy of OBX02–011, a reversible fourth-generation EGFR-TKI that overcomes the EGFR C797S mutation. Compared with approved EGFR-TKIs, OBX02–011 showed potent anticancer effects and inhibited EGFR-related signaling in various models, including those harboring the EGFR C797S mutation. In addition, in transgenic mouse models (EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S), OBX02–011 treatment effectively inhibited tumor growth and EGFR activity, leading to enhanced survival. Collectively, these results suggest that OBX02–011 may be a promising new EGFR-TKI to overcome C797S-mediated resistance in NSCLC.

Significance:

OBX02–011 is designed to target EGFR C797S and can overcome EGFR double and triple mutations to effectively treat lung cancer.
High-Sensitivity Mutation Analysis of Cell-Free DNA for Disease Monitoring in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Ashley Charles W. , Selenica Pier , Patel Juber , Wu Michelle , Nincevic Josip , Lakhman Yulia , Zhou Qin , Shah Ronak H. , Berger Michael F. , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud , Brown David N. , Marra Antonio , Iasonos Alexia , Momeni-Boroujeni Amir , Alektiar Kaled M. , Long Roche Kara , Zivanovic Oliver , Mueller Jennifer J. , Zamarin Dmitriy , Broach Vance A. , Sonoda Yukio , Leitao Mario M. , Friedman Claire F. , Jewell Elizabeth , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Ellenson Lora H. , Aghajanian Carol , Abu-Rustum Nadeem R. , Cadoo Karen , Weigelt Britta
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

We sought to determine whether sequencing analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in patients with prospectively accrued endometrial cancer captures the mutational repertoire of the primary lesion and allows for disease monitoring.

Experimental Design:

Peripheral blood was prospectively collected from 44 newly diagnosed patients with endometrial cancer over a 24-month period (i.e., baseline, postsurgery, every 6 months after). DNA from the primary endometrial cancers was subjected to targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 468 cancer-related genes, and cfDNA to a high-depth NGS assay of 129 genes with molecular barcoding. Sequencing data were analyzed using validated bioinformatics methods.

Results:

cfDNA levels correlated with surgical stage in endometrial cancers, with higher levels of cfDNA being present in advanced-stage disease. Mutations in cfDNA at baseline were detected preoperatively in 8 of 36 (22%) patients with sequencing data, all of whom were diagnosed with advanced-stage disease, high tumor volume, and/or aggressive histologic type. Of the 38 somatic mutations identified in the primary tumors also present in the cfDNA assay, 35 (92%) and 38 (100%) were detected at baseline and follow-up, respectively. In 6 patients with recurrent disease, changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) fraction/variant allele fractions in cfDNA during follow-up closely mirrored disease progression and therapy response, with a lead time over clinically detected recurrence in two cases. The presence of ctDNA at baseline (P < 0.001) or postsurgery (P = 0.014) was significantly associated with reduced progression-free survival.

Conclusions:

cfDNA sequencing analysis in patients with endometrial cancer at diagnosis has prognostic value, and serial postsurgery cfDNA analysis enables disease and treatment response monitoring.

See related commentary by Grant et al., p. 305
Enhanced Costimulatory Signaling Improves CAR T-cell Effector Responses in CLL
Authors: Collins McKensie A. , Jung In-Young , Zhao Ziran , Apodaca Kimberly , Kong Weimin , Lundh Stefan , Fraietta Joseph A. , Kater Arnon P. , Sun Clare , Wiestner Adrian , Melenhorst J. Joseph
Published: August 2022

CD19-redirected chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown remarkable activity against B-cell cancers. While second-generation CARs induce complete remission in >80% of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, similar monotherapy induces long-term remissions in only 26% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This disparity is attributed to cell-intrinsic effector defects in autologous CLL-derived T cells. However, the mechanisms by which leukemic cells impact CAR T-cell potency are poorly understood. Herein we describe an in vitro assay that recapitulates endogenous CLL-mediated T-cell defects in healthy donor CAR T cells. Contact with CLL cells insufficiently activates, but does not irreversibly impair, CAR T-cell function. This state is rescuable by strong antigenic stimulation or IL2, and is not driven by immune suppression. Rather, this activation defect is attributable to low levels of costimulatory molecules on CLL cells, and exogenous costimulation enhanced CAR T-cell activation. We next assessed the stimulatory phenotype of CLL cells derived from different niches within the same patient. Lymph node (LN)-derived CLL cells had a strong costimulatory phenotype and promoted better CAR T-cell degranulation and cytokine production than matched peripheral blood CLL cells. Finally, in vitro CD40L-activated CLL cells acquired a costimulatory phenotype similar to the LN-derived tumor and stimulated improved CAR T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity. Together, these data identify insufficient activation as a driver of poor CAR T-cell responses in CLL. The costimulatory phenotype of CLL cells drives differential CAR T-cell responses, and can be augmented by improving costimulatory signaling.

Significance:

CLL cells insufficiently activate CAR T cells, driven by low levels of costimulatory molecules on the tumor. LN-derived CLL cells are more costimulatory and mediate enhanced CAR T-cell killing. This costimulatory phenotype can be modeled via CD40 L activation, and the activated tumor promotes stronger CAR T-cell responses.
Substance Use, Substance Use Disorders, and Co-Occurring Psychiatric Disorders in Recently Incarcerated Men: A Comparison with the General Population
Authors: Fovet Thomas , Wathelet Marielle , Benbouriche Massil , Benradia Imane , Roelandt Jean-Luc , Thomas Pierre , D’Hondt Fabien , Rolland Benjamin
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The rates of alcohol and illegal drug use and the prevalence of alcohol and illegal drug use disorders (AUDs and DUDs) are high in prison populations, particularly in men entering jail. However, these rates have never been exhaustively assessed and compared to those of the general population in France. Methods: We based our research on two surveys, conducted in the same French region, which included a total of 630 men entering jail and 5,793 men recruited from the general population. We used the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview to assess alcohol and drug use, AUD, DUD, as well as co-occurring psychiatric disorders, and we examined differences in prevalence rates between the two populations. Logistic regression models were performed to (i) identify the factors associated with AUD and DUD and (ii) test whether the interaction between admission to jail and the presence of AUD, DUD, or both is linked to the presence of at least one co-occurring psychiatric disorder. Results: Compared to the general population sample, the prevalence of AUD (33.8% vs. 8.7%, p < 0.001) and DUD (at least one type of drug: 28.7% vs. 5.0%, p < 0.001; cannabis: 24.0% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001; opioids: 6.8% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001; stimulants: 5.2% vs. 0.8%, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the jail population sample, as well as the rates of past-year use of various substances (alcohol: 62.1% vs. 56.4%, p = 0.007; at least one type of illegal drug: 50.0% vs. 14.4%, p < 0.001; cannabis: 45.6% vs. 13.9%, opioids: 9.4% vs. 0.7%; stimulants: 8.6% vs. 1.9%). Admission to jail was associated with a higher risk of AUD (aOR = 3.80, 95% CI: 2.89–5.01, p < 0.001) or DUD (aOR = 4.25, 95% CI: 3.10–5.84, p < 0.001). History of trauma was also associated with both AUD (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.53–2.14, p < 0.001) and DUD (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.74–2.65, p < 0.001), whereas history of migration was only associated with DUD (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.12–1.71, p = 0.003). AUDs and DUDs were more strongly associated with co-occurring psychiatric disorders in incarcerated men than in the general population. Among individuals with AUD, DUD, or both, co-occurring anxiety and mood disorders were particularly more frequent in jail than in the general population. Discussion/Conclusion: As in most countries, AUD and DUD are highly prevalent among men entering jail in France. Our results also suggest that incarceration constitutes an independent vulnerability factor for a dual disorder, which supports a systematic assessment and treatment of psychiatric disorders in men entering jail and diagnosed with an AUD or DUD.
Serum Prealbumin Levels on Admission as a Prognostic Marker in Stroke Patients Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: López Begoña , Castañón-Apilánez Maria , Molina-Gil Javier , Fernández-Gordón Sánchez Santiago , González Gemma , Reguera Acuña Antía , Jimenez Jose Maria , Larrosa Campo Davinia , Delgado Montserrat González , Benavente-Fernández Lorena , Rico-Santos Maria , García-Cabo Carmen , Calleja Puerta Sergio , López-Cancio Elena
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Prealbumin is a marker of malnutrition and inflammation. It has been associated with poor prognosis in cardiovascular disease, but less is known in stroke patients. Our objective was to evaluate the association of prealbumin levels at admission with prognosis in patients with stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Methods: Retrospective study of a prospective database of consecutive patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Clinical, radiological, and blood parameters including serum prealbumin, and prognostic variables such as respiratory infection, in-hospital mortality, and the modified Rankin scale at 3 months were collected. Results: We included 319 patients between 2018 and 2019. Prealbumin levels were significantly lower in patients older than 80 years, women, patients with a prestroke Rankin score >2, a glomerular filtrate rate <60 mL/min, and in those with atrial fibrillation. Regarding prognostic variables, prealbumin levels were not associated with respiratory infection. Low prealbumin levels were associated with poor functional prognosis (Rankin score >2), in-hospital mortality, and 3-month mortality. In multivariate analysis, prealbumin was an independent risk factor associated with mortality at 3 months, OR 0.92 [0.86–0.98], p = 0.019. Conclusion: Lower prealbumin levels at admission behaved as an independent predictor of long-term mortality in patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy. These results should be replicated in other cohorts.
Simulation of pedestrian movements using a fine grid cellular automata model
Authors: Sarmady Siamak , Haron Fazilah , Talib Abdullah Zawawi
Published: August 2022

Crowd simulation is used in evacuation and crowd safety inspections and in the study of the performance of crowd systems and animations. Cellular automata are extensively utilized in crowd modeling. In regular cellular automata models, each pedestrian occupies a single cell with the size of a pedestrian body. The movements of pedestrians resemble those of chess pieces on a chessboard because the space is divided into relatively large cells. Furthermore, all pedestrians feature the same body size and speed. This study proposes a fine grid cellular automata model that uses small cells and allows pedestrian bodies to occupy several cells. The model allows the use of different body sizes, shapes, and speeds for pedestrians. The model is also used to simulate the movements of pedestrians toward a specific target. A typical walkway scenario is considered to test and evaluate the proposed model. Pedestrian movements are smooth because of the fine grain discretization of movements, and simulation results match the empirical speed–density graphs with good accuracy.
A deep transfer learning approach for identification of diabetic retinopathy using data augmentation
Authors: Devi Yerrarapu Sravani , Kumar Singam Phani
Published: August 2022

In ophthalmology, deep learning acts as a computer-based tool with numerous potential capabilities and efficacy. Throughout the world, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered as a principal cause of disease however loss of sight cannot be seen in adults aged 20-74 years. The primary objective for early detection of DR is screening on a regular basis at separate intervals which should have a time difference of every ten to twenty months for the patients with no or mild case of DR. Regular screening plays a major role to prevent vision loss, the expected cases increase from 415 million in 2015 to 642 million in 2040 means is a challenging task of ophthalmologists to do screening and follow-up representations. In this research, a transfer learning model was proposed with data augmentation techniques and gaussian-blur, circle-crop pre-processing techniques combination to identify every stage of DR using Resnet 50 with top layers. Models are prepared with Kaggle Asia Pacific Tele-Ophthalmology Society blindness dataset on a top line graphical processing data. The result depicts- the comparison of classification metrics using synthetic and non-synthetic images and achieve accuracy of 91% using the synthetic data and 86% accuracy without using synthetic data.
Sentinel-1A image classification for identification of garlic plants using decision tree and convolutional neural network
Authors: Komaraasih Risa Intan , Sitanggang Imas Sukaesih , Annisa Annisa , Agmalaro Muhammad Asyhar
Published: August 2022

The Indonesian government launched a garlic self-sufficiency program by 2033 to reduce imports by monitoring garlic lands in several central garlic areas. Remote sensing using satellite imageries can assist the monitoring program by mapping the garlic lands. A previous study has classified Sentinel-1A satellite imageries to identify garlic lands in Sembalun Lombok Indonesia using the decision tree C5.0 algorithm with three scenarios data input and produced a model with an accuracy of 78.45% using scenarios with two attributes vertical-vertical (VV) and vertical-horizontal (VH) bands. Therefore, this study aims to improve the accuracy of the classification model from the previous study. This study applied two classification algorithms, decision tree C5.0 and convolutional neural network (CNN), with two new scenarios which used two new combinations of attributes). The results show that the use of new data scenarios as input for C5.0 can not increase the previous model's accuracy. While the use of the CNN algorithm shows that it can improve the previous study's accuracy by 7.91% because it produced a model with an accuracy of 86.36%. This study is expected to help garlic land identification in the Sembalun area to support government programs in monitoring garlic lands.
Investigation of energy demand correlation during pandemic using self-organizing map algorithm
Authors: Sulaima Mohamad Fani , Saharani Sharizad , Ahmad Arfah , Hassan Elia Erwani , Bohari Zul Hasrizal
Published: August 2022

The world faces a significant impact from the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, which also influences energy consumption. This study investigates the substantial connection of the classified data between power consumption, cooling degree days, average temperature, and covid-19 cases information using mathematical and neural network approaches regression analysis, and self-organizing maps. It is well established that various data mining methods have revamped the classification process of data analytics. Specifically, this study investigates the correlation between the collected variables using regression analysis and selecting the best-matching unit under the normalization method using self-organizing maps. The selforganizing maps become better when the datasets have variations; the result denotes that this method produced high mapping quality based on the map size and normalization method. Furthermore, the data crossing connection is indicated using the regression analysis method. Finally, the classified data results during the movement control order are validated in self-organizing maps to achieve the study objective. By performing these methods, this study established that the correlation between the energy demand towards cooling degree days, average temperature, and covid-19 cases is very weak. The verification has been made where the ‘logistic’ normalization method has produced the best classification result.
Optimal transmitter location using multi-scale algorithm based on real measurement for outdoor communication
Authors: Muttair Karrar Shakir , Mosleh Mahmood Farhan , Shareef Oras Ahmed
Published: August 2022

In the era of wireless network communication, the demand for determining the best transmitter (Tx) location is constantly increasing especially in outdoor environments and localization-based services. In this paper, localization optimal location of a Tx has been achieved in electrical engineering technical college by using received signal strength (RSS). We install practical devices in the college to measure the received signal strength in all the college regions. Where each device consists of two pieces which are the AirMAX sector directional antenna and signal broadcast piece (router board). We measured RSS in four directions for each received point in all selected regions using the NetSpot software. An algorithm was created in MATLAB software to determine the average received power (ARP), average signal quality (ASQ) as well as calculate the average coverage (AC) for each Tx device location based on the locations deployed in the real environment. Overall, the results obtained showed that this algorithm effectively demonstrated that it is able to determine the best location of a Tx device compared to other deployed locations in the college. Furthermore, we find large effects when a Tx location changes from one location to another on the RSS because of the surrounding environment effects.
On searching the best mode for forex forecasting: bidirectional long short-term memory default mode is not enough
Authors: Hansun Seng , Putri Farica Perdana , M. Khaliq Abdul Q. , Hugeng Hugeng
Published: August 2022

Presently, the Forex market has become the world’s largest financial market with more than US$5 trillion daily volume. Therefore, it attracts many researchers to learn its traded currency pairs characteristics and predict their future values. Here, we propose simple three layers Bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) networks for Forex forecasting with four different merge modes. Moreover, the proposed model is also compared to the conventional long short-term memory (LSTM) networks with the same architecture. Five major Forex currency pairs, namely AUD/USD, EUR/USD, GBP/USD, USD/CHF, and USD/JPY, with more than ten years of historical records are considered in this study. It is revealed from the experimental results that among four available merge modes, the concatenation mode as the default merge mode in Bi-LSTM networks is actually the less preferred mode for Forex forecasting (Root mean square error 0.30685517, mean absolute error 0.27442235, mean absolute percentage error 0.827108%). Moreover, Bi-LSTM average mode gets the highest R2 score that could achieve 89.579%. Therefore, the proposed three layers Bi-LSTM networks could provide a baseline result for developing a good trading strategy in Forex forecasting.
“Cansei, me demito”: dilemas morais no ambiente organizacional e a comunidade online antitrabalho
Authors: Magri Sheila Mihailenko Chaves , Meucci Arthur
Published: August 2022

Problematizamos o pedido de demissão no contexto da ideologia da competência, racionalidade neoliberal e sociedade do cansaço dentro das organizações em relação ao discurso da ética corporativa e os dilemas morais dos trabalhadores. Analisamos os discursos de 20 entrevistados e uma notícia jornalística sobre a comunidade online antitrabalho por meio da análise dialógica bakhtiniana. Concluímos que todos os trabalhadores entrevistados e os citados no artigo jornalístico opõem o lucro à vida e compartilham suas insatisfações, vulnerabilidades e resistências.
Experiências, cenas, corpos e afetos na era da covid-19
Authors: Pessoa Sônia Caldas , Mantovani Camila Maciel Campolina Alves
Published: August 2022

As relações entre experiências, corpos e afetos nos conduzem a cenas de pesquisadores numa instituição de ensino superior na pandemia do coronavírus. Compreendendo as organizações como espaços de produção e circulação de sentidos, realizamos a escuta dos testemunhos de pessoas com deficiência – que compartilham conosco seus circuitos de afetos para além de um estar em organização –, em diálogo com autores que refletem sobre corpos, cansaço e isolamento social.
Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin System Fails to Suppress β-Aminopropionitrile–Induced Thoracic Aortopathy in Mice—Brief Report
Authors: Sawada Hisashi , Ohno-Urabe Satoko , Ye Dien , Franklin Michael K. , Moorleghen Jessica J. , Howatt Deborah A. , Mullick Adam E. , Daugherty Alan , Lu Hong S.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Cross-linking of lysine residues in elastic and collagen fibers is a vital process in aortic development. Inhibition of lysyl oxidase by BAPN (β-aminopropionitrile) leads to thoracic aortopathies in mice. Although the renin-angiotensin system contributes to several types of thoracic aortopathies, it remains unclear whether inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system protects against aortopathy caused by the impairment of elastic fiber/collagen crosslinking.

Methods:

BAPN (0.5% wt/vol) was started in drinking water to induce aortopathies in male C57BL/6J mice at 4 weeks of age for 4 weeks. Five approaches were used to investigate the impact of the renin-angiotensin system. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to explore potential molecular mechanisms of BAPN-induced thoracic aortopathies.

Results:

Losartan increased plasma renin concentrations significantly, compared with vehicle-infused mice, indicating effective angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibition. However, losartan did not suppress BAPN-induced aortic rupture and dilatation. Since losartan is a surmountable inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system, irbesartan, an insurmountable inhibitor, was also tested. Although increased plasma renin concentrations indicated effective inhibition, irbesartan did not ameliorate aortic rupture and dilatation in BAPN-administered mice. Thus, BAPN-induced thoracic aortopathies were refractory to angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade. Next, we inhibited angiotensin II production by pharmacological or genetic depletion of AGT (angiotensinogen), the unique precursor of angiotensin II. However, neither suppressed BAPN-induced thoracic aortic rupture and dilatation. Aortic RNA sequencing revealed molecular changes during BAPN administration that were distinct from other types of aortopathies in which angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibition protects against aneurysm formation.

Conclusions:

Inhibition of either angiotensin II action or production of the renin-angiotensin system does not attenuate BAPN-induced thoracic aortopathies in mice.
From a Uniform to a Multiform Understanding of Church. Foundations of Exchange in the Preconciliar Missiology of Jean Bruls
Authors: Ooms Toon
Published: August 2022

During the first half of the 20th century, genuine exchange between the churches within Roman Catholicism was virtually non-existent. Church was conceived of as the one Roman Catholic Church, and the relationship between churches was one of a Western unilateralism. Shortly after the Second World War, the Belgian Catholic missiologist Jean Bruls (1911–1982), editor-in-chief of the missiological journal Église Vivante, pointed to the necessity of an exchange (“échange”) between the Western church and the non-Western churches. This article argues that Bruls’ early attention to interchurch exchange was the result of a new conceptualization of Church. The article shows to what extent Bruls’ missiology was an anticipation of the mission doctrine of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965).
Description of a new pseudoscorpion species, Dactylochelifer zaragozai n. sp. (Pseudoscorpiones: Cheliferidae) from North Caucasian region of European Russia
Authors: Nassirkhani Mahrad , Snegovaya Nataly , Chumachenko Yu.A.
Published: August 2022

A new pseudoscorpion species, Dactylochelifer zaragozai
n. sp., belonging to the family Cheliferidae Risso, 1827 is described from Republic Adygeya, Russia (North Caucasus) and its diagnostic characters are illustrated. The specimens were extracted from litter collected from oak-hornbeam hazel forest.
Wing coloration patterns in the Early Jurassic dragonflies as potential indicator of increasing predation pressure from insectivorous reptiles
Authors: JOUAULT CORENTIN , TISCHLINGER HELMUT , HENROTAY MICHEL , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: August 2022

Wing coloration is a very ancient feature among insects. Even the wings of the oldest known Pterygota showed transverse colored bands involved in a putative disruptive function. However, no evidence of wing coloration in the representatives of the superorder Odonatoptera is recorded before the latest Triassic. These were the only insect flying-predators until the pterosaurs began their diversification. Here we argue that the situation dramatically changed in the Early Jurassic, with the simultaneous appearance of Odonata with patterns of coloration in phylogenetically distant clades. It is especially the case in the Heterophlebiidae, a small family closely related to the Anisoptera, in which we could record no less than five different patterns of coloration in the same rather small area of North-Western Europe. At the same time and in the same area, small potentially insectivorous pterosaurs greatly diversified. The increase of the predation pressure on the Odonata is the most probable cause of the appearance of patterns of colored spots and bands on the dragonfly wings at that time. In the period between the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, the number of Odonata with spots and bands of color on wings dramatically increased, we assume in relation to the predation pressure due to an increasing diversification of insectivorous pterosaurs, but also small feathered dinosaurs and birds.
A new species of Sycorax (Sycoracinae: Psychodidae) from the Lower Eocene amber of Tadkeshwar, Gujarat, India
Authors: WAGNER RÜDIGER , AGNIHOTRI PRIYA , SINGH HUKAM
Published: August 2022

A new species Sycorax longistyla has been recovered in amber from the Tadkeshwar Lignite Mine, Cambay Basin, Gujarat. It belongs to the Sycoracinae, a subfamily of tiny flies, some of which prey on amphibian blood, well-preserved in the Early Eocene Cambay amber. Females of most species have functional mandibles. The new species is distinguished from the extant and extinct representatives by possessing an elongate tubular gonocoxite with a large internal lobe, the gonostylus is curved and longer than the gonocoxite and bears a strong apical spine 0.6 times the length of the gonostylus. The species occurred in sludge-based peat bog spring habitats that existed in the Early Eocene tropical angiosperm Cambay forest.
First molecular and morphometric data for the genus Allmania (Amaranthaceae), with the description of a new species from India
Authors: SINDHU ARYA , IAMONICO DUILIO , SURESH VEERANKUTTY , KUMAR VENUGOPALAN NAIR SARADHAMMA ANIL
Published: August 2022

First molecular and morphometric investigations for the genus Allmania are presented. A new species of Allmania from the granite hillocks of Palakkad district (Kerala state, India), is described as A. multiflora. It differs from A. nodiflora by shape and length of tepals, diameter of the gynoecium, diameter and hairiness of seeds, length of bracts, length and hairiness of peduncles, number of flowers per synflorescence, colour of stigma, and occurrence of setae associated with the aril. Furthermore, sequence analysis of chloroplast genes (rbcL and matK) also support the distinctness of the new taxon. Original illustrations, photographs, and ecological data are also provided, as well as an evaluation of the conservation status.
Lophiostomataceae (Dothideomycetes): Introducing Lophiostoma khanzada-kirgizbaeva sp. nov. and Paucispora xishanensis sp. nov.
Authors: ALUTHMUHANDIRAM JANITH V.S. , WANASINGHE DHANUSHKA N. , THILINI CHETHANA K.W. , GAFFOROV YUSUFJON , SAICHANA NATSARAN , LI XING HONG , YAN JIYE , MAMARAKHIMOV OYBEK M.
Published: August 2022

Lophiostomataceae species commonly occur as saprobes on twigs, stems or bark on diverse woody and herbaceous plants in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In the present study, we introduce Lophiostoma khanzada-kirgizbaeva sp. nov. and Paucispora xishanensis sp. nov. as new species isolated from woody substrates from Uzbekistan and China, respectively. Species delimitation was conducted using morphological and molecular phylogenetic approaches. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of a combined SSU, ITS, LSU, tef1-α and rpb2 sequence matrix revealed that L. khanzada-kirgizbaev and P. xishanensis are distinct from other Lophiostoma and Paucispora species in Lophiostomataceae, respectively.
Expanding the diversity of mucoralean fungi from northern Thailand: novel Backusella species from soil
Authors: HURDEAL VEDPRAKASH G. , JONES E. B. GARETH , SANTIAGO ANDRÉ LUIZ C. M. DE A. , HYDE KEVIN D. , GENTEKAKI ELENI
Published: August 2022

Backusella is morphologically and phylogenetically related to Mucor. Previously, due to various morphological similarities, distinction between these two genera was difficult and various Backusella species were classified within Mucor. However, in the last decade, with the advent of molecular phylogeny, the phylogenetic placement of the genus and its representative taxa was stabilised. In this study, a Backusella strain was isolated from soil samples in Thailand. A combination of morphology, phylogeny and physiology was used to characterize it. Phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (28S) genetic markers showed that the isolate is sister to Backusella gigacellularis. The new isolate is characterised by the production of simple or sympodially branched sporangiophores bearing a terminal sporangium. Columellae of sporangia are ellipsoidal, oblong to cylindrical, pyriform, and conical, often constricted in the centre. Sporangiola are globose to subglobose, often produced in short sympodially branched sporophores containing 4–8 sporangiospores each. The isolate grows on a relatively narrow temperature range of 15 °C–28 °C. The results of the three approaches indicated the novelty of the species. This is the first record of Backusella in Thailand.
Beilschmiedia bidoupensis (Lauraceae), a new species from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, southern highland of Vietnam
Authors: KOMADA NATSUKI , TAGANE SHUICHIRO , MATSUO AYUMI , NGOC NGUYEN VAN , BINH HOANG THI , NAGAHAMA AI , CUONG TRUONG QUANG , YAHARA TETSUKAZU
Published: August 2022

Beilschmiedia bidoupensis (Lauraceae) is described from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park in the southern highland of Vietnam. The new species is characterized by lanceolate terminal buds that are ca. 2.5 mm long without coriaceous scales and covered with whitish brown hairs, glabrous twigs, predominantly alternate leaves evenly arranged on branches, elliptic leaf blade with acuminate apex, and depressed globose to transversely ellipsoidal fruits with not verrucose but asperously furfuraceous surface. A description, illustrations, preliminary conservation assessment, and DNA barcodes of ITS, psbA-trnH and trnL regions, are provided.
Erratum: Idrees, M., Li, M. & Zhiyong, Z. (2022) Notes on the typification of nine names in Dalbergia L.f. (Dalbergieae, Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) in East and Southeast Asia. Phytotaxa 558 (1): 140–146.
Authors: IDREES MUHAMMAD , LI MENG , ZHANG ZHIYONG
Published: August 2022

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How War-Framing Effects Differ Depending on Publics’ Conspiracy Levels: Communicating the COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Kim Jarim , Baek Jinha , Lee Jiyeon , Kim Jaeyeon
Published: August 2022

Public conspiracy beliefs prevent various social institutions including governments from communicating effectively. Fostering effective communication with high conspiracy belief individuals, who often disregard important public health messages, is crucial. This study investigated whether war framing could be used to effectively communicate with highly suspicious individuals. Specifically, it used an online experiment with 398 Korean citizens to examine how war-framing effects vary based on individual differences in general conspiracy and government-related conspiracy beliefs in the COVID-19 vaccination context. The results generally showed that literal messages were more effective for low conspiracy belief individuals while war-framed messages were more effective for those with high conspiracy beliefs. Additional analysis indicated that general conspiracy and government-related conspiracy beliefs were negatively associated with individuals’ vaccination attitudes and intentions. This study concludes by discussing the practical implications of its findings for health communication involving highly suspicious individuals.
Religion as a factor in cultural consumption: Religious denomination and its impact on reading practices and ballet-opera attendance in Europe
Authors: Rius-Ulldemolins Joaquim , Pizzi Alejandro , Paya Raul
Published: August 2022

The influence of social and educational factors has often been used to explain social differences in consumption and cultural practices. Without denying the value of such an approach, this article examines the impact of religious denomination and its influence in shaping cultural practices. Our article argues the need for a macro-social, longue durée [long-term] perspective to shed light on cultural differences and why these linger notwithstanding the market and political convergence found in Europe today. The diverse cultural consumption patterns found in European Union (EU) Member States as evidenced by Eurobarometer surveys are examined through our logistic regression analysis. The findings show the explanatory power of the religion variables used by classical historical sociology. These variables have been largely overlooked by modern studies—a shortcoming this article seeks to redress. We see a link between a country’s historical religion (the religious “factor”) and its cultural consumption.
Does Company Size Shape Product Quality Inferences? Larger Companies Make Better High-Tech Products, but Smaller Companies Make Better Low-Tech Products
Authors: Woolley Kaitlin , Kupor Daniella , Liu Peggy J.
Published: August 2022

Companies vary on oft-publicized size metrics (number of employees, revenue). Do consumers prefer otherwise identical products made by larger or smaller companies? The answer hinges on whether consumers perceive the products as low-tech or high-tech. This prediction stems from a novel framework charting two lay theories regarding key resources companies utilize to provide value to consumers: employees and finances. In the intrinsic motivation lay theory, consumers believe that employees of larger (vs. smaller) companies are less intrinsically motivated. In the financial resources lay theory, consumers believe that larger (vs. smaller) companies have greater capacity to fund research and development. Critically, product type (low-tech vs. high-tech) differentially affects the accessibility of these two lay theories: For low-tech (vs. high-tech) products, the intrinsic motivation lay theory is more accessible, driving quality evaluations and choice in favor of smaller companies. For high-tech (vs. low-tech) products, the financial resources lay theory is more accessible, driving quality evaluations and choice in favor of larger companies. This research advances theory by reconciling conflicting findings regarding product quality inferences from company size metrics, with guidance for marketers to improve quality evaluations and choice shares by strategically supporting or challenging lay theories and shifting perceptions of company size or product type.
Regime change and religious discrimination after the Arab uprisings
Authors: Klocek Jason , Ha Hyun Jeong , Sumaktoyo Nathanael Gratias
Published: August 2022

This article investigates how and when regime transitions intensify minority discrimination through an analysis of two types of religious persecution following the Arab uprisings. We argue that weakened institutions and the prevalence of religious outbidding during political transitions make societal-based religious discrimination (SRD) more likely to increase than government-based religious discrimination (GRD). This is because social divisions are often exacerbated and social unrest difficult to contain, while at the same time, policy change can be difficult to enact and enforce. We test these claims through a mixed-methods research design. Employing a synthetic control method, the cross-national, quantitative analysis from 1990 to 2014 confirms that GRD has not changed since the Arab uprisings, while SRD has substantially increased in those countries (i.e. Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia) that also experienced regime change. A case study of Egypt provides more direct evidence of the institutional and outbidding mechanisms. The qualitative analysis draws on ethnographic research conducted in Cairo during 2014, which includes in-depth interviews with Coptic Orthodox Christians. Our findings underscore the twin challenge of protecting and accommodating minority religions during periods of political transition.
Adult Training as a Quality Factor in Work Trajectory: Positive Effects of Adult Training on Seniority and Ageing at Work
Authors: Marcaletti Francesco , Íñiguez-Berrozpe Tatiana , Elboj-Saso Carmen , Garavaglia Emma
Published: August 2022

Adult training is a fundamental strategy for the improvement of workers’ skills and employability. However, as workers age and remain in the same company, the risk of losing motivation for learning may grow. In a sample of 1,452 workers from 17 Spanish companies, we analyzed to what extent the training factor increases their quality of employment and the assessment they make of their organization, despite the negative effect of the passing of time. To do so, we implemented a structural equation model that considered the effects of the variables “seniority in the company” and “training” on quality of employment. We tested this model through multigroup analysis by differentiating between workers aged under 50 and those aged 50 years and older, showing that the positive effect of training is stronger in older workers and reduces the negative effect of seniority in the company for those aged under 50.
Preparing General Education Teachers to Include Students With Extensive Support Needs: An Analysis of “SPED 101” Courses
Authors: Clausen Amy M. , Anderson Ashley , Spooner Fred , Walker Virginia L. , Hujar Julia
Published: August 2022

Students with extensive support needs (ESN) benefit from inclusion in general education settings with their same-age peers. Many teachers, however, report feeling overwhelmed and underprepared to effectively educate students with ESN within general education settings. To mitigate this, we must ensure that content related to the instruction and inclusion of students with ESN in general education settings is included in the introductory special education courses taken by preservice general education teachers, which we refer to as “SPED 101.” Our research team surveyed 302 instructors of SPED 101 courses in general education baccalaureate teacher preparation programs at institutions of higher education across the United States. Data suggest that most instructors cover content related to the instruction and the inclusion of students with ESN, although the extent to which content is addressed varies among instructors, indicating inconsistencies in course content, delivery, and instruction. Limitations, implications, and future research are discussed.
Hot deformation behaviour of Ti alloys: A review on physical simulation and deformation mechanisms
Authors: Yadav Puja , Saxena Kuldeep K. , Sehgal Shankar , Singh Tarunpreet , Bahl Shashi
Published: August 2022

Titanium and its alloys, owing to their properties like high strength, toughness, corrosion resistance and thermal stability, are employable in various engineering and medical applications. The properties of titanium alloys depend upon the processing routes and their final microstructure. Therefore, the present review paper compiles the deformation behaviour of various alloys during hot deformation using a physical simulation. Subsequently, the flow stresses are analysed and utilized to develop the processing maps and the constitutive equations that are advantageous for predicting deformation mechanisms during the hot deformation. Specific features reported in the flow stress curves include work hardening, flow softening and steady-state behaviour. In certain cases, the yield point drop and oscillatory behaviour or serrations are also observed. Softening and oscillatory behaviour is an indicator of either dynamic recrystallization or flow-instability, whereas yield discontinuity signifies locking and unlocking of dislocations. In the processing maps, high power dissipation efficiency, η, reveals safe processing conditions, and the η value higher than 40% demonstrates dynamic recrystallization or globularization in the deformed microstructure, whereas the instability domain expresses shear band, flow localization, void formation and wedge cracks in the deformed microstructure. Amongst all the constitutive equations, the Arrhenius-type hyperbolic sine equation is the most suitable for Ti alloys for calculating flow stress and predicting dominant deformation mechanism using activation energy Q and stress exponent n.
The Aftermath of Covid and Cyclones Idai and Kenneth: A Naturalistic Experiment Examining Empowerment and Resiliency in Rural Mozambique
Authors: Panos Patrick , Panos Angelea
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine, by using a naturalistic experiment resulting from Covid and Cyclones Idai and Kenneth, if a previously completed comprehensive intervention within a Mozambiqian village by the Non-Governmental Organization Care-for-Life ( CFL), resulted in community empowerment in the community's response to these disasters, as defined by World Bank. Method: Over a nine-month period, beginning three weeks post-cyclones (November 2019), data were collected using mixed research methods, including in-depth interviews (22), focus group discussions (four), pre–post household surveys, and nonparticipatory observations. Results: Quantitative results demonstrated that the village responded effectively by decreasing disease, increasing sanitation, and providing food security to community members. Using thematic analysis of focus group discussions and interviews, several themes were identified documenting the community's and village leaders’ responses. Discussion: This mixed-methods study demonstrated that the comprehensive CFL interventions were effective in empowering community leaders and members, and in building resiliency in responding to disasters.
Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating the Strengths Model Case Management in Hong Kong
Authors: Tse Samson , Yu Chong Ho , Yuen Winnie Wing-Yan , Ng Catalina Sau-Man , Lo Iris Wann-Ka , Fukui Sadaaki , Goscha Richard J. , Chan Sunny H.W. , Wan Eppie , Wong Stephen , Chan Sau-Kam
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Strengths-based approaches to case management for people with mental illness have been widely used in Western countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Strengths Model Case Management (SMCM) among mental health clients in Hong Kong. Method: Two hundred and nine service clients were recruited from three Integrated Community Centres. Multiple measures related to recovery progress (e.g., Recovery Assessment Scale) were reported by both the clients and caseworkers before intervention and at 6 and12 months post-recruitment. Results and conclusion: Although there were no significant differences in improvement of most outcomes between the SMCM and control groups, the recovery scores of the SMCM group remained stable over time regardless of age, and also middle-aged participants (i.e., 40–59 years old) in the SMCM group achieved higher recovery scores over time than those in the control group. Trial registration number: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN) 12617001435370.