bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sulfur Vacancy‐Rich MoS2 Flower‐Like Microsphere with Synchronously Tunable Electromagnetic and Chemical Effects for Boosting Semiconductor SERS
Authors: Jiang Xin , Wang Rui , Tang Yimin , Di Weijie , Wang Wenxue , Zhao Bing , Yang Libin
Published: December 2024

Combined contribution of electromagnetic and chemical effects and their synchronous tuning are an effective strategy for constructing semiconductor surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with ultra‐high sensitivity. In this work, a sulfur vacancy‐rich MoS2 flower‐like microsphere is successfully prepared for the first time through the combination of morphology regulation and defect engineering strategies, achieving a synchronous contribution of electromagnetic and chemical effects to SERS enhancement. SERS enhancement factor is as high as 2.54 × 108, which represents the highest sensitivity among the currently reported semiconductor SERS‐active substrates. The theoretical calculations and experiments elucidate the observed enhancement activity and the synchronous enhancement mechanism of electromagnetic and chemical effects. The unique flower‐like structures of MoS2 can induce Mie resonance by multiple reflection and scattering of incident light in the cavity structure, which realizes a strong electromagnetic enhancement effect. Meanwhile, a high‐efficient carrier separation in substrate and a multiple‐channel charge transfer mode between substrate and analyte can be achieved by means of abundant surface sulfur‐vacancy defects, which provide a strong chemical enhancement effect for target analyte. This work opens up a new idea and perspective for constructing supersensitive semiconductor SERS sensors, ultimately advancing practical application of semiconductor SERS technology.
A Local‐Dissociation Solid‐State Polymer Electrolyte with Enhanced Li+ Transport for High‐Performance Dual‐Band Electrochromic Smart Windows
Authors: Li Run , Lan Fan , Tang Lian , Huang Ya , Zhao Siming , Wang Baoshun , Han Ying , Gao Di , Jiang Qinyuan , Zhao Yanlong , Zhao Zhuojing , Wang Fei , Zhang Rufan
Published: December 2024

Windows through heat exchange play a vital role in energy saving for realizing a net‐zero carbon emission society. Dual‐band electrochromic (EC) smart windows by dynamically regulate visible (VIS) and near‐infrared (NIR) light are necessary for improving both building energy efficiency and habitant comfort. However, the rational design of high‐performance electrochromic devices (ECDs) suffers sluggish EC response due to the slow ion transport. In this work, a locally dissociated Li+ concept is proposed to construct a solid‐state polymer electrolyte (SPE) with ultrafast Li+ transport. The succinonitrile (SN) is employed to loosen the Li+‐anion pair and the crystallographic C─O chain in the poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) electrolyte by its strong solvation capability. The as‐prepared SPE shows a high ionic conductivity of 6.48 mS cm−1 at 30 °C and a high transmittance of >90%. The SPE‐based EC smart windows exhibited a fast switching speed (3.0/3.2 s for coloration/bleaching), a high coloration efficiency (CE) of 373.8 cm2 C−1, and a high optical modulation in the full solar spectrum (85%, 70%, 43% at 673, 1200, and 1600 nm, respectively). Finally, the SPE‐based EC smart windows shows three working modes with a temperature regulation range of 19.1 °C, exhibiting great potential in practical application.
A Collaboration of Interfacial Engineering and Particle Assembly Enables Highly Stable Li‐Rich Layered Cathodes for Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yan , Yin Yun‐Chao , Shu Wei , Xian Linjie , Zhang Qian , Chen Guanjun , Zeng Chunlin , Zeng Weihao , Ao Weiqin , Yang Jinlong
Published: December 2024

Lithium‐rich layered oxide cathodes (LLO) are renowned for their high specific capacity (>250 mAh g−¹) and have emerged as promising candidates for lithium‐ion batteries. However, significant capacity fades and voltage decay pose challenges to their commercialization, primarily due to the degradation of their original structure. In this study, a simple and rapid approach is presented that combines interfacial engineering and particle assembly to achieve a highly stable LLO cathode. This cathode features a single‐crystal LLO reassembled into a porous microsphere structure, along with a surface coating of polypropylene phosphate amide (PPA) formed through in situ cross‐linking of polyacrylic acid and ammonium polyphosphate, and a deuterogenic spinel interface layer. The dual protective coatings‐PPA and spinel‐effectively inhibit the dissolution of transition metals, delay structural deterioration, and enhance lithium‐ion diffusion. Additionally, the cross‐linked PPA layer strengthens the interconnection among LLO nanoparticles, improving the stability of the assembled microsphere structures while mitigating electrolyte corrosion. Consequently, the LLO@PPA electrode exhibits excellent capacity retention of 84.87% over 500 cycles at 0.5 C and shows significant improvements in rate performance. This work offers an effective modification strategy for developing next‐generation lithium‐rich cathodes with enhanced rate capacity and cycle life.
Synergistic Degradation of Durable Polymer Networks by Light and Acid Enabled by Pyrenylsilicon Crosslinks
Authors: Kawano Yutaro , Masai Hiroshi , Tsubokawa Takuya , Yokogawa Daisuke , Iwai Tomohiro , Terao Jun
Published: December 2024

Material photocontrol has gained importance in process engineering and biomedical applications. However, highly photoreactive materials are intrinsically unstable to light, which limits their continuous use in lit environments owing to their gradual deterioration. Herein, synergistically photocontrollable materials in the presence of acid are developed to overcome the conventional trade‐off between their photoreactivity and photostability. Pyrenylsilicon derivatives are designed as synergistically cleavable moieties on C–Si bonds under simultaneous treatment with light and acid through photoinduced dearomatization and protonation to generate the Wheland intermediate, whereas the derivatives are highly stable to light or acid alone. The unique reactivity of pyrenylsilicon derivatives is applied to various polymer network crosslinkers, enabling synergistic control and degradation of materials with light and acids. Because of their high photostability in the absence of acids, these materials can be utilized as optical materials, robust elastomers, and 3D photoprinted gels.
High Efficiency (>10%) AgBiS2 Colloidal Nanocrystal Solar Cells with Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Polymer Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Lee Jihyung , Sun Cheng , Park Junho , Kim Changjo , Lee Seungbok , Lee Dongchan , Lee Min‐Ho , Kim Byeongsu , Kim Yun Hoo , Kim Junho , Lee Seungjae , Jeong Seonju , Ying Wu Bin , Song Xuyao , Cho Shinuk , Rotermund Fabian , Kim Yun‐Hi , Lee Jung‐Yong
Published: December 2024

Silver bismuth disulfide (AgBiS2) colloidal nanocrystals (CNCs) have emerged as ecofriendly photoactive materials with excellent photoconductivity and high absorption coefficients, in compliance with the restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) guidelines. To maximize the theoretical potential of AgBiS2 CNC solar cells, a new diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based polymer, BD2FCT, optimized as a hole transport layer (HTL), is developed. This asymmetric thiophene‐rich polymer HTL effectively complements the optical absorption spectrum of CNCs and forms a homogeneous layer atop the CNCs, facilitating favorable vertical charge transfer through intrinsic molecular packing. Furthermore, the BD2FCT HTL aligns energetically with AgBiS2, significantly reducing charge recombination at the CNC/HTL interfaces and enhancing charge extraction and photocurrent generation across the entire optical absorption spectrum. These characteristics are further optimized through precise molecular engineering. Additionally, a low‐bandgap acceptor, IEICO‐4F, is structurally incorporated with the BD2FCT polymer to further improve charge funneling and complementary absorption. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals enhanced hole transfer from CNC to BD2FCT‐29DPP:IEICO‐4F, resulting in reduced charge recombination and efficient charge extraction. Consequently, a BD2FCT‐based AgBiS2 CNC solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.1%, demonstrating significant improvements in short‐circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF).
In‐Plane Adaptive Heteroepitaxy of 2D Cesium Bismuth Halides with Engineered Bandgaps on c‐Sapphire
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Ju Wei , Fang Yongzheng , Sun Dingyue , Zheng Xiaohong , Hou Jingshan , Dai Ning , Zhang Kenan , Shan Yufeng , Liu Yufeng
Published: December 2024

The heteroepitaxy of 2D materials with engineered bandgaps are crucial to broaden the spectral response for their integrated optoelectronic devices. However, it is a challenge to achieve the high‐oriented epitaxy and integration of multicomponent 2D materials with varying lattice constants on the same substrate due to the limitation of lattice matching. Here, in‐plane adaptive heteroepitaxy of a series of high‐oriented 2D cesium bismuth halide (Cs3Bi2X9, X = I, Br, Cl) single crystals with varying lattice constants from 8.41 to 7.71 Å is achieved on c‐plane sapphire with distinct lattice constant of 4.76 Å at a low temperature of 160 °C in an air ambient, benefiting from tolerable interfacial strain by switching compressive stress to tensile stress during a 30° rotation of crystal orientation. First‐principles calculation demonstrates that those are all thermodynamically stable phases, deriving from multiple minima of interfacial energy between single crystals and sapphire substrate. The detectivity of Cs3Bi2I9 photodetector reaches up to 3.7 × 1012 Jones, deriving from high single‐crystal quality. This work provides a promising experimental strategy and basic theory to boost the heteroepitaxy and integration of 2D single crystals with varying lattice constants on low‐cost dielectric substrate, paving the way for their applications in integrated optoelectronics.
Asymmetric Structural MXene/PBO Aerogels for High‐Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with Ultra‐Low Reflection
Authors: Liu An , Qiu Hua , Lu Xinghan , Guo Hua , Hu Jinwen , Liang Chaobo , He Mukun , Yu Ze , Zhang Yali , Kong Jie , Gu Junwei
Published: December 2024

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with low electromagnetic (EM) waves reflection characteristics are ideal materials for blocking EM radiation and pollution. Materials with low reflectivity must be constructed using materials with excellent EM waves absorption properties. However, materials simultaneously possessing both low reflectivity and excellent EMI shielding performance remain scarce, consequently, multilayer structures need to be developed. Poly(p‐phenylene–2,6–benzobisoxazole) nanofibers (PNF) are prepared by deprotonation. PNF are combined with MXene and heterostructure MXene@Ni prepared by in‐situ growth; MXene@Ni/PNF acts as an EM absorption layer while MXene/PNF acts as an EM reflective layer. Finally, (MXene@Ni/PNF)–(MXene/PNF) aerogels are prepared by layer‐by‐layer freeze‐drying based on the layered modular design concept. Experimental characterizations revealed that (MXene@Ni/PNF)–(MXene/PNF) aerogels enable the efficient absorption‐reflection‐reabsorption of EM waves, effectively eliminating EMI. When the mass ratio of MXene to Ni in MXene@Ni is 1:6 and the mass fraction of MXene in the reflective layer is 80 wt.%, the (MXene@Ni/PNF)–(MXene/PNF) aerogels exhibit excellent EMI shielding performance (71 dB) and a very low reflection coefficient (R = 0.10). Finite element simulations verified that the developed asymmetric structural aerogels achieve high EMI shielding performance with low reflection characteristics. In addition, (MXene@Ni/PNF)–(MXene/PNF) aerogels display excellent infrared camouflage ability.
Interfacial Metal‐Solvent Chelation for Direct Regeneration of LiFePO4 Cathode Black Mass
Authors: Li Junfeng , Shi Ruyu , Wang Junxiong , Cao Yang , Ji Haocheng , Tang Jie , Ji Guanjun , Chen Wen , Zhang Mengtian , Xiao Xiao , Zhou Guangmin
Published: December 2024

Direct regeneration of spent lithium‐ion batteries presents a promising approach to effectively reuse valuable resources and benefit the environment. Unlike controlled laboratory conditions that commonly facilitate impurity purification and minimize structural damage, the LiFePO4 cathode black mass faces significant interfacial challenges, including structure deterioration, cathode‐electrolyte interphase residues, and damage from storage procedures, which hinder lithium replenishment and structure regeneration. Here, a metal‐solvent chelation reaction using a lithium acetylacetonate solution is introduced to address these challenges under ambient conditions. This method regulates the near‐surface structure through strong chelation between Acac‒ anions and Fe (III) elements, thus effectively eliminating the degraded amorphous phase and residual fluorine compounds. By direct lithium connection and reducing diffusion barriers, the reconstructed surface facilitates the re‐lithiation process. The regenerated LiFePO4 cathodes demonstrate a capacity retention of 88.5% after 400 cycles at 1 C, while also outperforming traditional recycling methods in terms of environmental and economic benefits. This approach provides a promising solution for regenerating degraded LiFePO4 cathodes from actual dismantled black mass, thereby accelerating the practical application of battery recycling.
Modulation in Spin State of Co3O4 Decorated Fe Single Atom Enables a Superior Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Battery Performance
Authors: Xie Yuhua , Feng Yumei , Zhu Shiao , Yu Yingjie , Bao Haifeng , Liu Qingting , Luo Fang , Yang Zehui
Published: December 2024

High‐performance bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the keystone for the industrialization of rechargeable zinc‐air battery (ZAB). In this work, the modulation in the spin state of Fe single atom on nitrogen doped carbon (Fe1‐NC) is devised by Co3O4 (Co3O4@Fe1‐NC), and a mediate spin state is recorded. Besides, the d band center of Fe is downshifted associated with the increment in eg filling revealing the weakened interaction with OH* moiety, resulting in a boosted ORR performance. The ORR kinetic current density of Co3O4@Fe1‐NC is 2.0‐ and 5.6 times higher than Fe1‐NC and commercial Pt/C, respectively. Moreover, high spin state is found for Co in Co3O4@Fe1‐NC contributing to the accelerated surface reconstruction of Co3O4 witnessed by operando Raman and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies. A robust OER activity with overpotential of 352 mV at 50 mA cm−2 is achieved, decreased by 18 and 60 mV by comparison with Co3O4@NC and IrO2. The operando Raman reveals a balanced adsorption of OH* species and its deprotonation leading to robust stability. The ZAB performance of Co3O4@Fe1‐NC is 193.2 mW cm−2 and maintains for 200 h. Furthermore, the all‐solid‐state ZAB shows a promising battery performance of 163.1 mW cm−2.
Controlling Ion Uptake in Carboxylated Mixed Conductors
Authors: Sun Zeyuan , Sun Mengting , Qin Siyu , Wang Meng , Zheng Yulong , Khau Brian , Li Han , Gartner Thomas E. , Takacs Christopher J , Reichmanis Elsa
Published: December 2024

Organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs) have garnered significant attention due to their capacity to transport both ions and electrons, making them ideal for applications in energy storage, neuromorphics, and bioelectronics. However, charge compensation mechanisms during the polymer redox process remain poorly understood, and are often oversimplified as single‐ion injection with little attention to counterion effects. To advance understanding and design strategies toward next‐generation OMIEC systems, a series of p‐channel carboxylated mixed conductors is investigated. Varying side‐chain functionality, distinctive swelling character is uncovered during electrochemical doping/dedoping with model chao‐/kosmotropic electrolytes. Carboxylic acid functionalized polymers demonstrate strong deswelling and mass reduction during doping, indicating cation expulsion, while ethoxycarbonyl counterparts exhibit prominent mass increase, pointing to an anion‐driven doping mechanism. By employing operando grazing incidence X‐ray fluorescence (GIXRF), it is revealed that the carboxyl functionalized polymer engages in robust cation interaction, whereas ester functionalization shifts the mechanism towards no cation involvement. It is demonstrated that cations are pivotal in mitigating swelling by counterbalancing anions, enabling efficient anion uptake without compromising performance. These findings underscore the transformative influence of functionality‐driven factors and side‐chain chemistry in governing ion dynamics and conduction, providing new frameworks for designing OMIECs with enhanced performance and reduced swelling.
Far‐Field Ultrasound Imaging with Subwavelength Resolution through Heterogeneous Medium Using Metagrating Illumination
Authors: Lu Liyang , Zhang Chuanxin , Jiang Xue
Published: December 2024

Ultrasound imaging technology is crucial for diagnostics in both biomedical and industrial fields. However, pushing the boundaries of resolution and overcoming difficulties presented by complex environments remain challenging. Traditionally, diffraction limits resolution due to the loss of valuable subwavelength information carried by evanescent waves. Scattering further complicates imaging through intricate materials or obstructions. Here, we presented an approach for achieving far‐field subwavelength resolution ultrasound imaging through heterogeneous mediums is presented. This method converts inaccessible evanescent wave into detectable propagating waves. These waves are then captured by a far‐field hydrophone and use in conjunction with the joint‐sparsity algorithm to reconstruct the object. These results demonstrate a remarkable resolution of 1/5λ, significantly surpassing the diffraction limit. This subwavelength imaging performance exhibits remarkable stability even in the presence of unwanted scatterers. The two‐dimensional imaging results and the influence of measurement parameters are further explored. These findings suggest that the combination of metagrating illumination and the joint‐sparsity algorithm offers a promising avenue for recovering subwavelength object information in the far‐field, eliminating the need for near‐field markers. This work paves the way for high‐fidelity subwavelength ultrasound imaging in heterogeneous environments, holding promising potential for advancements in biomedical imaging, nondestructive testing, and other related fields.
High‐Performance Broadband Photodetector with Lateral Contact of n+‐Si Wafer by Two Asymmetric Work‐Function Electrodes
Authors: Dahiya Sandeep , Pandey Utkarsh , Hazra Sobhan , Chakraborty Rajarshi , Pramanik Subarna , Maurya Pushpendra Prakash , Pal Bhola Nath
Published: December 2024

A high‐performance broadband photodetector (PD) has been fabricated by using a heavily doped n‐type silicon substrate (n+‐Si) in a lateral photodiode geometry. This self‐biased photodiode fabrication required only two asymmetric work‐function electrodes deposited on top of a clean n+‐Si substrate. Specifically, LiF/Al and MoOx /Ag are used as electrodes where LiF and MoO3 work as n+‐Si/electrode interface layers for Al and Ag electrodes respectively. These two electrodes have a work function difference of ≈1.1 eV which is measured by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy study. Under dark, this lateral contact device shows a rectifying behavior with reverse‐to‐forward current ratio of ≈5.3 × 103 under ±1 V external bias. Moreover, this device shows a very high photoresponse with a dark‐to‐light current ratio (IL/ID) of 2.15 × 104 under white light illumination (600 W m−2) at −1 V operating voltage. Besides, the device shows external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ≈16.1% under self‐biasing (Vext = 0 V) conditions which reaches to 30.2% at −1 V external bias, whereas the device has responsivity (Rλ) and detectivity (D) of 10.2 A W−1 and 9.1 × 1012 Jones, respectively under self‐biasing condition. The peak responsivity (Rλ) and detectivity (D) of these devices reaches to 17.5 A W−1 and 1.6 × 1013 Jones under −1 V external bias.
High Strength and Dynamically Tunable Adhesion Enabled by Composite Micropillar Arrays Fabricated via Solvent‐Assisted Molding
Authors: Stabile Christopher J. , Turner Kevin T.
Published: December 2024

The ability to control adhesion on demand is important for a broad range of applications, including the gripping and manipulation of objects in robotics and manufacturing, and the temporary attachment of wearable devices. Despite recent advances in tunable adhesive materials, most existing solutions have modest adhesion strength and are limited by a compromise between the maximum and minimum adhesion, where increased strength prevents the release of lighter objects. To overcome these challenges, thermally responsive polymers, which can exhibit both high stiffness and a large reduction in stiffness via heating, have the potential to enable strong and tunable adhesion. Here, a microstructured composite adhesive with high strength (>2 MPa) and dynamically tunable adhesion (16×) is realized using a solvent‐assisted molding technique. The adhesive consists of an array of composite micropillars whose small scale and material composition enable strong and tunable adhesion. While thermally actuated systems often have slow response times, it is shown that miniaturization allows response times to be reduced to <1s for heating and <10s for cooling. These strong, fast, and dynamically tunable adhesives offer advantages over existing solutions and can be manufactured for practical adoption through the scalable solvent‐assisted molding technique.
Chemo‐/Regioselective [5+1] Annulation with gem‐Difluoromethylene Allenes for the Assembly of Fluorinated 2H‐Chromenes and Dihydroquinolines
Authors: Lin Zhensheng , Cai Ying , Ye Junwei , Chen Kaifeng , Zheng Jieni , Zhou Linxin , Zhou Zhi , Yi Wei
Published: December 2024

A variety of fluorinated 2H‐chromenes and dihydroquinolines was synthesized by virtue of gem‐difluoromethylene allenes as versatile coupling partners to participate in the transition metal‐catalysed cascade C−H activation/[5+1] annulation of 2‐alkenylphenols/anilines. This protocol features specific chemo‐/regioselectivity, redox‐neutral manner and good compatibility, providing a straightforward synthetic route to intriguing motifs with the equipment of attractive fluoroalkenyl moiety. The distinctive gem‐difluorine effect induced an unexpected protonolysis of σ carbon‐metal bond, thus accounting for the observed selectivity via sequential C−H activation/allene insertion/protonolysis/cyclization/β‐F elimination process.
Biomimetic Versatile Anisotropic, Electroactive Cellulose Hydrogel Scaffolds Tailored from Fern Stem Serving as Nerve Conduit and Cardiac Patch
Authors: Liang Qinghui , Chen Shuhui , Hua Shaofeng , Jiang Weihong , Zhan Jiamian , Pu Chunyi , Lin Rurong , He Yutong , Hou Honghao , Qiu Xiaozhong
Published: December 2024

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and myocardial infarction (MI) are the two most clinically common soft excitable tissue injuries. Both nerve and cardiac tissues exhibit structural anisotropy and electrophysiological activity, providing a wide range of biophysical cues for cell and tissue repair. However, balancing microstructural anisotropy, electroactivity, and biocompatibility is challenging. To address this issue, Dicranopteris linearis (D. linearis) is proposed as a low‐perceived value fern plant. Moreover, to enhance its usefulness, it can be designed into a tubular structure and a lamellar structure to bridge the damaged tissue. Therefore, a robust yet simple top‐down approach is proposed to designing and fabricating the desired biomimetic versatile hydrogels orienting from the D. linearis to customize for different soft excitable tissue repair applications. These anisotropic electroactive hydrogels performed well as nerve guidance conduits (NGC) and engineered cardiac patches (ECP) in the repair of PNI and MI, respectively. Two birds, one stone. Accordingly, the biomimetic strategy of D. linearis to NGC and D. linearis to ECP is first proposed, opening a new horizon for constructing tissue engineering using natural sources.
Smad1 Promotes Tumorigenicity and Chemoresistance of Glioblastoma by Sequestering p300 From p53
Authors: Gong Lingli , Xu Daxing , Ni Kaixiang , Li Jie , Mao Wei , Zhang Bo , Pu Zhening , Fang Xiangming , Yin Ying , Ji Li , Wang Jingjing , Hu Yaling , Meng Jiao , Zhang Rui , Jiao Jiantong , Zou Jian
Published: December 2024

Acetylation is critically required for p53 activation, though it remains poorly understood how p53 acetylation is regulated in glioblastoma (GBM). This study reveals that p53 acetylation is a favorable prognostic marker for GBM, regardless of p53 status, and that Smad1, a key negative regulator of p53 acetylation, is involved in this process. Smad1 forms a complex with p53 and p300, inhibiting p300's interaction with p53 and leading to reduced p53 acetylation and increased Smad1 acetylation in GBM. This results in enhanced tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy, particularly in tumors with missense mutant p53. Acetylation of K373 is found to be essential for Smad1's oncogenic function but does not confer chemoresistance in the absence of p53. Through molecular docking, it is discovered that Smad1 and p53 both interact with the acetyltransferase domain of p300, but at different amino acid sites. Disturbing the interface of Smad1 through amino acid mutations abolishes the Smad1‐p300 complex and promotes p53 acetylation. Therefore, a small molecule is identified through virtual screening that specifically disrupts the Smad1‐p300 interaction, offering a promising strategy for inhibiting GBM and increasing chemosensitivity by inhibiting Smad1 acetylation and restoring p53 acetylation.
Precision Adverse Drug Reactions Prediction with Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Xiang , Sun Zhongquan , Chandak Payal , Bu Jiajun , Wang Haishuai
Published: December 2024

Accurate prediction of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) at the patient level is essential for ensuring patient safety and optimizing healthcare outcomes. Traditional machine learning‐based methods primarily focus on predicting potential ADRs for drugs, but they often fall short of capturing the complexity of individual demographics and the variations in ADRs experienced by different people. In this study, a novel framework called Precise Adverse Drug Reaction (PreciseADR) for patient‐level ADR prediction is proposed. The approach effectively integrates relations between patients and ADRs, and harnesses the power of heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to address the limitations of traditional methods. Specifically, a heterogeneous graph representation of patients is constructed, encompassing nodes that represent patients, diseases, drugs, and ADRs. By leveraging edges in the graph, crucial connections are captured such as a patient being affected by diseases, taking specific drugs, and experiencing ADRs. Next, a GNN‐based model is utilized to learn latent representations of the patient nodes and facilitate the propagation of information throughout the graph structure. By employing patient embeddings that consider their diseases and drugs, potential ADRs can be accurately predicted. The PreciseADR is dedicated to effectively capturing both local and global dependencies within the heterogeneous graph, allowing for the identification of subtle patterns and interactions that play a significant role in ADRs. To evaluate the performance of the approach, extensive experiments are conducted on a large‐scale real‐world healthcare dataset with adverse reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Experimental results demonstrate that the PreciseADR achieves superior predictive performance in identifying patient‐level ADRs, surpassing the strongest baseline by 3.2% in AUC score and by 4.9% in Hit@10.
RNA Polymerase RPOTp is Involved in C‐to‐U RNA Editing at Multiple Sites in Arabidopsis Chloroplasts
Authors: Ali Nadia Ahmed , Song Wenjian , Zhang Yayi , Xing Jiani , Su Kexing , Sun Xingxing , Sun Yujia , Jiang Yizhou , Wu Dianxing , Zhao Xiaobo
Published: December 2024

RPOTp is the nuclear‐encoded plastid‐targeted RNA polymerase and plays a crucial role in chloroplast gene expression. Transcripts in plant organelles are altered by the conversion of cytidine (C) to uridine (U) at specific positions through RNA editing. However, whether RPOTp is involved in chloroplast RNA editing remains unclear. Here, the role of RPOTp in C‐to‐U RNA editing at multiple sites in Arabidopsis chloroplasts is uncovered. Multiple organellar RNA editing factor 2 (MORF2) is required for the editing of most sites in chloroplasts. RPOTp is identified from the co‐immunoprecipitation targets of MORF2. The sca3‐2 mutant, defective in RPOTp, exhibits a pale‐yellow phenotype and alters the RNA editing of nine sites in chloroplasts. It is also shown that RNA editing is uncoupled from chloroplast transcriptional activity. RPOTp directly interacts with chloroplast multiple‐site RNA editing factors, including MORF2, MORF8, MORF9, and ORRM1. It is further shown that RPOTp participates in RNA editing by influencing the dimerization of MORF proteins. The defect in RPOTp impairs the expression of most chloroplast genes, indicating an indispensable role for RPOTp in chloroplast gene expression. These findings reveal that RPOTp not only participates in transcription but also has a novel role in RNA editing of chloroplast transcripts.
A Promising Approach to Ultra‐Flexible 1 Ah Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Using Oxygen‐Functionalized Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Heo Junyoung , Hong Jeong‐Won , Gu Ha Won , Sung Junghwan , Kim Dong‐Hee , Kim Jung Hoon , Kang Sung , Lee You‐Jin , Choi Hye Young , Kim Doohun , Baeg Kang‐Jun , Han Joong Tark , Park Jun‐Woo
Published: December 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries represent a promising solution for achieving high energy densities exceeding 500 Wh kg−1, leveraging cathode materials with theoretical energy densities up to 2600 Wh kg−1. These batteries are also cost‐effective, abundant, and environment‐friendly. In this study, an innovative approach is proposed utilizing highly oxidized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (Ox‐SWCNTs) as a conductive fibrous scaffold and functional interlayer in sulfur cathodes and separators, respectively, to demonstrate large‐area and ultra‐flexible Li‐S batteries with enhanced energy density. The free‐standing sulfur cathodes in the Li‐S cells exhibit high energy density maintaining 806 mAh g−1 even after 100 charge‐discharge cycles. Additionally, oxygen‐containing functional groups on the SWCNTs significantly improve electrochemical performance by promoting the adsorption of lithium polysulfides. Employing Ox‐SWCNTs in both cathodes and interlayers, the study achieves high‐capacity Li‐S pouch cells that consistently deliver a capacity of 1.06 Ah and a high energy density of 909 mAh g−1 over 50 charge‐discharge cycles. This strategy not only significantly enhances the electrochemical performance of Li‐S batteries but also maintains excellent mechanical flexibility under severe deformation, positioning this Ox‐SWCNT‐based architecture as a viable, light‐weight, and ultra‐flexible energy storage solution suitable for commercializing rechargeable Li‐S batteries.
Large Spin Hall Efficiency and Current‐Induced Magnetization Switching in Ferromagnetic Heusler Alloy Co2MnAl‐Based Magnetic Trilayers
Authors: Wang Mingzhi , Pan Chang , Xie Nian , Qiu Xuepeng , Li Yufei , Lang Lili , Wang Shiqiang , Cheng Dashuai , Fan Weijia , Zhou Shi‐Ming , Shi Zhong
Published: December 2024

The spin Hall efficiency (ξ) is a crucial parameter that evaluates the charge‐to‐spin conversion capability of a material, and thus materials with higher ξ are highly desirable in spin–orbit torque (SOT) devices. Recent studies have highlighted the use of ferromagnetic materials as robust spin sources, paving the way for the development of more efficient SOT devices. To accelerate this innovation, it is essential to pursue ferromagnetic materials of high ξ. Here the experimental observation of a large spin Hall efficiency is reported in ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Co2MnAl (CMA)‐based magnetic trilayers. Utilizing the current‐induced hysteresis loop shift technique, the spin Hall efficiency is determined to be 0.077 for the B2‐phase and 0.029 for the disordered CMA. Notably, magnetization switching both with and without the application of an external auxiliary magnetic field were achieved in these trilayers. The enhancement of ξ is attributed to the formation of chemical ordering in CMA. These findings provide new avenues for the development of ferromagnet‐based SOT devices.
Liquid–Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator‐Based DNA Barcode Detection Biosensor for Species Identification
Authors: Ma Wenlong , Li Jiawei , Qu Xiaolin , Sun Shao‘e , Zhou Yanan , Liu Yitong , Wang Peng , Sha Zhongli
Published: December 2024

DNA barcode detection method is widely applied for species identification, which is imperative to evaluate the effect of human economic activities on the biodiversity of ecosystem. However, the wide utilization of existing detection biosensors is limited by bulky and expensive instruments, such as Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical station. Herein, a liquid–solid triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)‐based DNA barcode detection biosensor is proposed, which consists of water flow, fluid channel, and PDMS film attached by specifically designed capture probe. Through sequentially combining capture probe, targeted DNA barcode, and signal probe with Au nanoparticles (NPs), the surface charge density of friction layer of TENG decreases under the effect of AuNPs, verified by the density functional theory (DFT) method. Consequently, the peak value of output current spike signal for targeted DNA is smaller than that for other DNA, which is the working mechanism of the present TENG‐based biosensor. Such biosensor successfully recognizes Alvinocaris muricola among different types of Alvinocarididae shrimps, and its low limit detection can reach 1×10−12 m. The present work provides a paradigm‐shift way to develop an inexpensive and accurate technique to detect DNA barcode for species identification, and paves a novel way for the application of liquid–solid TENG.
Non‐Invasive Photoacoustic Cerebrovascular Monitoring of Early‐Stage Ischemic Strokes In Vivo
Authors: Kim Jiwoong , Kweon Joo Young , Choi Seongwook , Jeon Hyunseo , Sung Minsik , Gao Rongkang , Liu Chengbo , Kim Chulhong , Ahn Yong Joo
Published: December 2024

Early‐stage stroke monitoring enables timely intervention that is crucial to minimizing neuronal damage and increasing the extent of recovery. By monitoring collateral circulation and neovascularization after ischemic stroke, the natural recovery process can be better understood, optimize further treatment strategies, and improve the prognosis. Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), a non‐invasive imaging modality that captures multiparametric high‐resolution images of vessel structures, is well suited for evaluating cerebrovascular structures and their function. Here 3D multiparametric transcranial PACT is implemented to monitor the early stage of a photothrombotic (PT)‐stroke model in living rats. New vessels in the PT‐induced region are successfully observed using PACT, and these observations are confirmed by histology. Then, using multiparametric PACT, it is found that the SO2 in the ischemic area decreases while the SO2 in newly formed vessels increases, and the SO2 in the PT region also recovers. These findings demonstrate PACT's remarkable ability to image and monitor cerebrovascular morphologic and physiological changes. They highlight the usefulness of whole‐brain PACT as a potentially powerful tool for early diagnosis and therapeutic decision‐making in treating ischemic stroke.
Interfacial cfDNA Enrichment and Amplification with On‐Chip Thermoplasmonics for Highly Sensitive Cancerous Liquid Biopsy
Authors: Wang Danhua , Liu Linlin , Chi Wenjing , Liu Zhenping , Wu Jiayun , Liang Yirou , He Fei , Zhang Ruixiang , Huang Pengxin , Li Yunbo , Qiu Guangyu
Published: December 2024

Tumor‐derived cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) has been exploited as an effective liquid biopsy biomarker for early cancer diagnosis. However, the fragmented and low‐abundance nature in circulating blood pose challenges for highly sensitive cfDNA quantification. Herein, a multifunctional plasmonic biosensor termed Interfacial cfDNA Enrichment, Amplification and Sensing with on‐chip Thermoplasmonics (INEAST) is developed for cfDNA‐based liquid biopsy and lung cancer diagnosis. The INEAST biosensor achieved in situ thermoregulation and label‐free cfDNA biosensing by simultaneously harnessing interfacial thermoplasmonics and localized surface plasmon resonance. Typical cfDNA biomarkers, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor protein 53 (TP53), phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN2A), are quantified with detection limits down to femtomolar‐level. Through further validation using blood samples from lung cancer patients, the proposed INEAST bioassays demonstrated superior reliability for lung cancer screening, particularly when combined with clinically available tumor‐protein metrics. This study demonstrated that the INEAST biosensor enables rapid and sensitive cfDNA quantification, yielding a promising and compatible liquid biopsy for early‐stage lung cancer diagnosis.
Spatial Transcriptome and Single Nucleus Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Tetrahydroxy Stilbene Glucoside Promotes Ovarian Organoids Development Through the Vegfa‐Ephb2 Pair
Authors: Mu Chunlan , Li Xiaoyong , Yang Jiamei , Tian Geng G. , Bai Hepeng , Lin Wenhui , Wang Linhui , Wu Ji
Published: December 2024

Ovarian dysfunction is a major factor leading to female infertility. Understanding how to improve or reshape ovarian function has become an important entry point for preventing and treating female infertility caused by ovarian dysfunction. Here, plant‐derived compounds are screened for in vitro activity upon ovarian organoids derived from feeder‐free female germline stem cells. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG) is found to promote the development of ovarian organoids. Single nucleus transcriptome sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing are used to establish a comprehensive spatiotemporal map to elucidate the role of TSG in ovarian organoid development, encompassing cell types and subtypes, transcription factors, pseudo‐time sequence, and cell communication dynamics. This analysis indicates that TSG promotes ovarian organoid development through the vascular endothelial growth factor A‐Eph receptor B2 ligand‐receptor pair between granulosa cells and oocytes. This study has enhanced the understanding of the mechanisms of ovarian organoid development, establishes a technical platform for screening compounds for treating infertility and related diseases, and lays a foundation for clinically applying plant‐derived compounds.
Effects of Alkyl Spacer Length in Carbazole‐Based Self‐Assembled Monolayer Materials on Molecular Conformation and Organic Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Chen Qiaonan , Sun Kangbo , Franco Leandro R. , Wu Jingnan , Öhrström Lars , Liu Xianjie , Gumbo Maureen , Ozório Mailde S. , Araujo C. Moyses , Zhang Guangye , Johansson André , Moons Ellen , Fahlman Mats , Yu Donghong , Wang Yufei , Wang Ergang
Published: December 2024

Carbazole‐based self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) materials as hole transport layers (HTL) have led organic solar cells (OSCs) to state‐of‐the‐art photovoltaic performance. Nonetheless, the impact of the alkyl spacer length of SAMs remains inadequately understood. To improve the knowledge, four dichloride‐substituted carbazole‐based SAMs (from 2Cl‐2PACz to 2Cl‐5PACz) with spacer lengths of 2–5 carbon atoms is developed. Single crystal analyses reveal that SAMs with shorter spacers exhibit stronger intermolecular interactions and denser packing. The molecular conformation of SAMs significantly impacts their molecular footprint and coverage on ITO. These factors result in the highest coverage of 2Cl‐2PACz and the lowest coverage for 2Cl‐3PACz on ITO. OSCs based on PM6:L8‐BO with 2Cl‐2PACz as HTL achieved high efficiencies of 18.95% and 18.62% with and without methanol rinsing of the ITO/SAMs anodes, corresponding to monolayer and multilayer structures, respectively. In contrast, OSCs utilizing the other SAMs showed decreased efficiencies as spacer length increased. The superior performance of 2Cl‐2PACz can be attributed to its shorter spacer, which reduces series resistance, hole tunneling distance, and barrier. This work provides valuable insights into the design of SAMs for high‐performance OSCs.
Nerve‐Inspired Optical Waveguide Stretchable Sensor Fusing Wireless Transmission and AI Enabling Smart Tele‐Healthcare
Authors: Li Tianliang , Wang Qian'ao , Cao Zichun , Zhu Jianglin , Wang Nian , Li Run , Meng Wei , Liu Quan , Yu Shifan , Liao Xinqin , Song Aiguo , Tan Yuegang , Zhou Zude
Published: December 2024

Flexible strain monitoring of hand and joint muscle movement is recognized as an effective method for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of neurological diseases such as stroke and Parkinson's disease. However, balancing high sensitivity and large strain, improving wearing comfort, and solving the separation of diagnosis and treatment are important challenges for further building tele‐healthcare systems. Herein, a hydrogel‐based optical waveguide stretchable (HOWS) sensor is proposed in this paper. A double network structure is adopted to allow the HOWS sensor to exhibit high stretchability of the tensile strain up to 600% and sensitivity of 0.685 mV %−1. Additionally, the flexible smart bionic fabric embedding the HOWS sensor, produced through the warp and weft knitting, significantly enhances wearing comfort. A small circuit board is prepared to enable wireless signal transmission of the designed sensor, thereby improving the daily portability. A speech recognition and human‐machine interaction system, based on sensor signal acquisition, is constructed, and the convolutional neural network algorithm is integrated for disease assessment. By integrating sensing, wireless transmission, and artificial intelligence (AI), a smart tele‐healthcare system based on HOWS sensors is demonstrated to hold great potential for early warning and rehabilitation monitoring of neurological diseases.
Divergent Adsorption Regulation in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient CF4/C2F6 Separation
Authors: Xu Guihong , Ke Tian , Fan Rongrong , Tan Kaiyuan , Zhang Wenjun , Su Baogen , Zhang Zhiguo , Bao Zongbi , Ren Qilong , Yang Qiwei
Published: December 2024

The efficient removal of low‐concentration components from homologous mixtures is often hampered by the co‐directional effect of traditional thermodynamic regulation approaches, typically leading to a trade‐off between adsorption capacity and selectivity. Focusing this challenge on the critical task of purifying perfluorocarbons in electronics industry, a divergent regulation strategy is reported that significantly improves the separation efficiency of low‐concentration hexafluoroethane (C2F6) from tetrafluoromethane (CF4). This approach involves the selective shielding of open metal sites and the modulation of channel geometry within an electron‐deficient ligand‐based pore environment, thereby facilitating a C2F6 dense‐packing accommodation mode while weakening the CF4 affinity due to the reduced host‐guest interactions. Simultaneously enhanced C2F6 adsorption and reduced CF4 adsorption are achieved, resulting in record‐high low‐pressure C2F6 uptake and C2F6/CF4 selectivity. Comprehensive insights into the unique separation mechanism are illustrated through a combination of solid‐state MAS nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), molecular simulations, and meticulously designed comparative experiments. As a result, benchmark C2F6/CF4 separation performance is achieved, as demonstrated by the unprecedented electronic‐grade (over 99.999%) CF4 productivity (401 L kg−1) obtained from an industrially relevant C2F6/CF4 (3:97) mixture, as well as the excellent water/air/heat stability and recyclability.
Single‐Cell Simultaneous Metabolome and Transcriptome Profiling Revealing Metabolite‐Gene Correlation Network
Authors: Mao Xiying , Xia Dandan , Xu Miao , Gao Yan , Tong Le , Lu Chen , Li Weiqi , Xie Runmin , Liu Qinghuai , Jiang Dechen , Yuan Songtao
Published: December 2024

Metabolic studies at the single cell level can directly define the cellular phenotype closest to physiological or disease states. However, the current single cell metabolome (SCM) study using mass spectroscopy has difficulty giving a complete view of the metabolic activity in the cell, and the prediction of the metabolism‐phenotype relationship is limited by the potential inconsistency between transcriptomic and metabolic levels. Here, the single‐cell simultaneous metabolome and transcriptome profiling method (scMeT‐seq) is developed at one single cell, based on sub‐picoliter sampling from the cell for the initial metabolome profiling followed by single cell transcriptome sequencing. This design not only provides sufficient cytoplasm for SCM but also nicely keeps the cellular viability for the accurate transcriptomic analysis in the same cell. Integrative analysis of scMeT‐seq reveals both dynamical and cell state‐specific associations between metabolome and transcriptome in the macrophages with defined metabolic perturbations. Moreover, metabolite signatures are mapped to the single‐cell trajectory and gene correlation network of macrophage transition, which allows the unsupervised functional interpretation of metabolome. Thus, the established scMeT‐seq should lead to a new perspective in metabolic research by transforming metabolomics from a metabolite snapshot to a functional approach.
Injectable Hierarchical Bioactive Hydrogels with Fibroblast Growth Factor 21/Edaravone/Caffeic Acid Asynchronous Delivery for Treating Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Xu Junpeng , Dai Peng , Zhang Chen , Dong Na , Li Caiyan , Tang Chonghui , Jin Zhihao , Lin Shih‐Ho , Ye Luyang , Sun Tianmiao , Jin Yukai , Wu Fenzan , Luo Lihua , Wu Ping , Li Shengcun , Li Xiaokun , Hsu Shan‐hui , Jiang Dawei , Wang Zhouguang
Published: December 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common long‐term neurodegenerative disorders, with multiple comorbid psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities. The combination of clinical drugs targeting different symptoms with smart hydrogels to achieve asynchronous releases is highly translational and challenging. Here, a hierarchical bioactive hydrogel (OACDP) is designed with asynchronous release based on PD pathology. The hydrogel with caffeic acid‐grafted polymer main chain is crosslinked using a micellar nanocrosslinker, with sufficient modulus (≈167 Pa), antioxidant activity (> 50%), injectability (30‐gauge syringe needle), and shape‐adaptability. Each of the three drugs (caffeic acid, fibroblast growth factor 21, and Edaravone) is separately engaged in different micro‐ or nanostructures of the hydrogel and released with asynchronous kinetics of first‐order release, zero‐order release, or matching Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The triple‐loaded hydrogel is injected into the brains of PD rats, showing behavioral improvement. Histological analysis revealed that the triple‐loaded OACDP hydrogels are effective in achieving immediate neuroprotection, i.e., reduction the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase in substantia nigra compacta and striatum (retained ≈10‐fold versus control), decreasing oxidative stress, reducing astrocyte and microglia activation, and stimulating the AMPK/PGC‐1α axis to regulate the mitochondrial function, providing a multi‐dimensional PD therapy. The asynchronous release of OACDP hydrogel provides a new conception for PD treatment and other neurodegenerative diseases.