bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Text to Multimodality: Exploring the Evolution and Impact of Large Language Models in Medical Practice
Authors: Niu Qian , Chen Keyu , Li Ming , Feng Pohsun , Bi Ziqian , Liu Junyu , Peng Benji
Published: September 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly evolved from text-based systems to multimodal platforms, significantly impacting various sectors including healthcare. This comprehensive review explores the progression of LLMs to Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and their growing influence in medical practice. We examine the current landscape of MLLMs in healthcare, analyzing their applications across clinical decision support, medical imaging, patient engagement, and research. The review highlights the unique capabilities of MLLMs in integrating diverse data types, such as text, images, and audio, to provide more comprehensive insights into patient health. We also address the challenges facing MLLM implementation, including data limitations, technical hurdles, and ethical considerations. By identifying key research gaps, this paper aims to guide future investigations in areas such as dataset development, modality alignment methods, and the establishment of ethical guidelines. As MLLMs continue to shape the future of healthcare, understanding their potential and limitations is crucial for their responsible and effective integration into medical practice.
Advancing Machine Learning with Memristor-Based Nanodevices: Unlocking Energy-Efficient and Scalable Architectures
Authors: Zhang Emily , Yi  , Singh Aditya
Published: September 2024

The adoption of memristor-based nanodevices in machine learning systems is gaining momentum due to their fast, energy-efficient, and non-volatile switching characteristics. Memristors are distinctive in their ability to store resistance states based on past voltage and current, making them particularly effective for tasks like vector-matrix multiplication. This feature helps mitigate the von Neumann bottleneck, improving computational efficiency. One of the most compelling advantages of memristors is their capacity for in-memory computing, where data storage and processing occur in the same physical location. This eliminates the need for constant data transfer between memory and the central processing unit (CPU), a key limitation in traditional computing architectures. Additionally, memristors support analog computations, which can offer significant speed and power efficiency gains compared to digital approaches. These attributes are particularly beneficial in neuromorphic computing, where the brain's synaptic behavior is emulated to build more efficient, brain-inspired machine learning systems. As research continues, memristors are expected to play a pivotal role in advancing machine learning by enabling highly parallel, scalable, and energy-efficient architectures. However, challenges related to fabrication, device variability, and long-term stability still need to be addressed to fully unlock their potential. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of current research, practical applications, emerging challenges, and future prospects for this cutting-edge interdisciplinary field.
"Methodological Issues in the Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law Conducted by the International Committee of the Red Cross: An Analysis in Light of the Conclusions on Identification of Customary International Law Reached by the International Law Commission of the United Nations," Journal of International Relations and Comparative Culture, Vol. 23, No. 1 (September 2024), pp. 95-108.
Authors: Kitano Yoshiaki
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to analyse the methodological issues in the Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law, which the International Committee of the Red Cross published in 2005, in light of the (draft) conclusions on identification of customary international law and commentaries thereupon, which the UN International Law Commission adopted in 2018 and of which the UN General Assembly took note in the same year. The table of contents is as follows: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION / CHAPTER 2 STATE PRACTICE (Section 1 Density of Practice / Section 2 Types of Practice Considered / Section 3 Weight of Resolutions / Section 4 Weight of ICRC and Other NGOs’ Statements / Section 5 Weight of Practice from Non-Party States / Section 6 Specially Affected States) / CHAPTER 3 OPINIO JURIS / CHAPTER 4 FORMULATION OF RULES / CHAPTER 5 IMPLICATIONS / CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION
Peningkatan Partisipasi Global Value Chain (Gvc) dan Tenaga Kerja Melalui Kebijakan di Indonesia
Authors: Putra Diva Haqina
Published: September 2024

AbstrakIndonesia memiliki potensi besar dalam rantai nilai global (Global Value Chain/GVC), terutama setelah bergabung dengan perjanjian CPTPP pada 2018. Peningkatan partisipasi Indonesia dalam GVC terlihat dari pertumbuhan ekspor dan investasi asing langsung (FDI). Dengan terlibatnya Indonesia dalam GVC, terdapat peningkatan produktivitas, kualitas tenaga kerja, dan peluang investasi, terutama di sektor manufaktur dan produk medis selama pandemi COVID-19. Namun, tantangan seperti rendahnya kualitas sumber daya manusia dan infrastruktur masih menjadi hambatan. Untuk memaksimalkan manfaat dari GVC, pemerintah harus mendorong kebijakan yang berfokus pada peningkatan kualitas tenaga kerja melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan, peningkatan infrastruktur, dan strategi research and development. GVC memberikan peluang untuk meningkatkan daya saing Indonesia di pasar global, terutama melalui transfer teknologi dan pengetahuan. Partisipasi yang lebih besar dalam GVC diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi dan mengurangi kemiskinan di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Global Value Chain, partisipasi, investasi asing, produktivitas, tenaga kerja, transfer teknologi.
OpenAthens and the Ironies of Automation: Have we made things harder by making them easier?
Authors: Regier Ryan
Published: September 2024

In 1983 Lisanne Bainbridge wrote a seminal paper entitled ‘Ironies of Automation’ which made the case that more complex technology can expand rather than eliminate problems with human operators. It is often despairingly referenced by frustrated engineers struggling to solve and train for misfunctions of an advanced technical tool. I think these Ironies are a good lens to look at OpenAthens through. It is without doubt that OpenAthens has been an incredible improvement for user authentication compared to EZproxy. However, despite OpenAthens resulting in less access issues, it creates substantially more complex and serious access issues. It’s much harder for library staff troubleshoot these complex issues, understand why or how they are caused, and train new staff on how to solve them. These are the Ironies addressed by Bainbridge and often not something Libraries consider when doing their transition. A more complex tool creating more incompetent library staff. I would like to explore this idea more in this article and talk more about these issues, their similarity to Bainbridge’s ideas, and what can be done to address them.
Thinking Clearly About Age, Period, and Cohort Effects with Bounding Analyses
Authors: Rohrer Julia M.
Published: September 2024

Psychological researchers are interested in how things change over time and routinely make claims about age effects (e.g., personality maturation) or cohort effects (e.g., generational differences in narcissism) and sometimes period effects (e.g., the effects of the pandemic years 2020 to 2022 on well-being). The age-period-cohort identification problem means that these claims are not possible based on the data alone: Any possible temporal pattern can be explained by an infinite number of combinations of age, period, and cohort effects. This concern holds regardless of the study design—it also applies to longitudinal designs covering multiple cohorts—and regardless of the number of observations available—it also applies if we observe the whole population. Researchers rely on statistical models that impose assumptions to pick one specific combination of effects. But these assumptions are often opaque and researchers may be unaware of them, resulting in a lack of scrutiny. Here, I provide a non-technical introduction to a framework which allows researchers to reason about age, period, and cohort effects in a more systematic manner. I summarize advances in our understanding of the precise nature of the identification problem—it only affects the underlying linear effects but not the nonlinearities, making some statements about effects possible based on the data alone—and show how transparent assumptions can be used to put bounds on the effects of interest, following a framework developed by the sociologists Ethan Fosse and Christopher Winship. Lastly, using data from the German General Social Survey, I illustrate this approach by analyzing age, period and cohort effect on people’s agreement with the statement “Given what the future looks like, it is barely responsible to bring children into the world.”
Resting-state brain connectivity and sociability: a whole-brain affair
Authors: Sprooten Emma , Rovny Maroš , Ilioska Iva , Fanelli Giuseppe , Andre  , Fabbri Chiara , Kas Martien , Seretti Alessandro , Franke Barbara
Published: September 2024

Sociability is relevant for most mental health conditions and their prognosis. The classic "social brain" maps mainly to the default mode (DMN) and salience networks (SN). Recent studies also suggest involvement of other brain regions, but results are not yet fully consistent and interpretable. We conducted a fully data-driven resting-state connectivity study of sociability in the UK Biobank (N=31,266). BOLD amplitude within, and timeseries correlations between 21 intrinsic brain networks were associated with a general sociability metric. Sociability showed modest but significant associations with many resting-state functional connectivity measures throughout the brain. Sociability was positively associated with sensorimotor network connectivity and showed intricate association patterns with SN and DMN connectivity. Based on our results, we hypothesise that there are important, probably reciprocal links between social behaviours and sensorimotor networks, and that social isolation may be accompanied by thought processes within the DMN being isolated from the rest of the brain.
The role of ideology and attitude congruence in the belief of political disinformation.
Authors: Lana-Blond Rocío , García-Saiz Miguel , Piñuela Raúl
Published: September 2024

Fake news is a significant and growing problem in today’s society, with serious implications for public trust, democracy, and social cohesion. This study examines the perception of AI-generated fake news, a critical aspect for understanding the current disinformation phenomenon, particularly on social media platforms. We analyse how ideology, attitudes, and ideology-information congruence influence the perceived truthfulness of politically themed fictitious headlines generated by AI. Using a sample of 204 adults, we applied non-parametric tests to explore differences and relationships between perceived truthfulness, ideology, and congruence. The results show that participants tend to believe AI-generated headlines, with ideological strength, ideology-information congruence, and political orientation playing key roles in perceived truthfulness. Given the high percentage of social media accounts managed by bots, understanding the interaction between AI, fake news, and belief in its truthfulness is crucial for combating fake news generation and spreading, as well as phenomena like polarization and disinformation.
Digital Behavioural Biometrics: A Systematic Review of Reviews
Authors: Shaw Heather , Sibbons Charlotte , Taylor Paul , Conchie Stacey
Published: September 2024

The proliferation of digital data has provided new means to identify people from the way they behave and interact with technologies. This article provides the first systematic review of reviews (n = 41) on digital behavioural biometrics to ascertain what can be inferred about identity from digital sources, and “boundaries” to their applications. On October, 5, 2021, we searched for reviews in the databases PsychInfo, ACM Digital, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Academic Search Ultimate,Web of Science, and Scopus. We included reviews of digital behavioural biometrics that inferred personal identity, excluding those focused solely on physiological identifiers, personality or health inferences without identity. The 41 reviews document a range of accuracy and error rates across and within behavioural biometric modalities including keystroke, gait, and multimodal which we document in tables and summarise narratively. The research demonstrates that identity can be inferred continuously, cheaply, and covertly, with little user effort, through the development of digital behavioural biometric systems. However, such systems need to be adaptive and consider how behaviour can change over time and context. In particular, the absence of psychological theory in development of the systems leads to suboptimal performance. The reviews also highlight issues and inconsistencies in the way biometric systems are reported alongside a lack of open data. Consequently, we propose a checklist to help researchers follow best practices and to standardise procedures.
Graduates Performance: A Reflection of JPMC
Authors: Ojha Arjun
Published: September 2024

Education is the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment of others intellectually. One of the major indicators for the development of nation is education. The first university of Nepal is Tribhuvan university established in 1959. Janaprakash Multiple Campus is community campus established in 2062 through affiliation from Tribhuvan university. Tracer study refers to the feedback survey or study of graduates/trainees to find out their actual position after completion of their academic/training course. Tracer study is a qualitative research design. Graduate batches 2016 to 2019 were selected for this study. Tracer team follow the questionnaire prescribed by UGC to conduct this study. Questionnaire were filled up through personal meet, email, telephone contact or by using social media. Collected information were enter into SPSS 25 version and prepare necessary table and calculation. Study was conducted mainly in four criteria those are profile of the graduates, employment status, situation of further study and response of graduates towards curriculum and facility offered by the institution. Most of the graduates were female from Kaski district and age of 22 to 26 years. Majority of graduates were unemployed and seeking for job. All of the graduates studied MBS in Tribhuvan university. Most of graduates were satisfied with facility and services provided by JPMC i.e., extra- curricular activities, problem solving ability, placement/attachment /internship, teaching learning environment, quality of education delivered, teachers and students relationship, library facility, sports facility, canteen and urinal facility but some were not satisfied with lab facility.
Social Practices (Reform) Act, 2033 (1976) of Nepal in light of Jurisprudence
Authors: Lamichhane Bimal Prasad , Baral Sagar
Published: September 2024

The paper delves and critically analyze the concept of Volksgeist in Nepali society concerning the Social Practices (Reform) Act, 2033 (1976) and conducts a comparative analysis with the proposed draft bill, tracing the evolving Volksgeist. Ultimately, the paper concludes that jurisprudentially, laws can be categorized as either obeyed or transgressed, with Savigny’s Volksgeist doctrines providing insight into the reasons for transgressions. It advocates for a self-realization approach in addressing social matters, aligning with Volksgeists perspective of law as a biological and evolutionary phenomenon.
Pengaruh Foto Dan Video Produk Terhadap Jumlah Pengunjung Di Media Sosial Pada UMKM Di DKI Jakarta
Authors: Agoestyowati Redjeki , Saputra Munir
Published: September 2024

Berbagai cara promosi dilakukan oleh para penjual agar produk jualannya dibeli oleh pelanggan, baik secara offline atau online. Banyak pembeli yang tertarik untuk membeli produk hanya dengan melihat foto-foto produk atau video yang lewat di beranda social media, e-commerce, flyer, dan lain-lain, sehingga cara membuat foto yang menarik atau video produk yang menggelitik ini dibutuhkan ilmu tentang photography, karena mungkin masih banyak para penjual membuat foto produk ala kadarnya, padahal tampilan foto atau video yang menarik bisa membuat pelanggan atau calon pembeli untuk memutuskan melakukan pembelian. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas foto atau produk yang akan digunakan sebagai promosi demi meningkatkan penjualan secara offline atau online, Dinas Perindustrian, Perdagangan, Koperasi, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (PPKUKM) DKI Jakarta berkolaborasi dengan Institut Ilmu Sosial dan Manajemen STIAMI mengadakan pendampingan kepada pelaku UKM binaan DKI Jakarta atau Jakpreneur dalam berbagai bidang (disiplin ilmu), dan salah satunya bidang  Foto dan Video Produk. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa foto dan video produk  dapat meningkatkan pengunjung di media sosial, terutama penjualan online, dan disarankan foto produk dibuat lebih besar.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Persepsi Harga terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen pada PT. JNE Cabang Koja Jakarta Utara
Authors: Izzah Nidaul
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and price perception on consumer satisfaction at PT. JNE Branch Koja North Jakarta. The research method used is a quantitative method. Data collection techniques used in this study were questionnaires and literature. The population in this study was 2,398 consumers in April 2021. The sampling technique in this study was non-probability sampling with the accidental sampling method and using the Slovin formula from Sugiyono to collect 100 respondents. The population found using the 90% confidence level or error (e) = 10% (0.1). Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression analysis using IBM Statistics SPSS version 25 software. The results of the study indicate that service quality has an influence on consumer goals at PT. JNE Branch Koja North Jakarta by 60.7%. Price Perception has an influence on consumers at PT. JNE Branch Koja, North Jakarta by 63.5%. Service Quality and Price Perception have a significant effect on consumer goals at PT. JNE Branch Koja, North Jakarta. Service Quality and Price Perception affect consumer variables at PT. JNE Branch Koja North Jakarta simultaneously with a value of 0.699 or 69.9% of which 30.1% is explained by other factors not included in this study.Keywords: Service Quality, Price Perception, Consumer Satisfaction
Kapabilitas Humas Perguruan Tinggi Di Jakarta Dalam Tata Kelola Komunikasi MBKM Saat Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Harwinda Alfilonia , Pinariya Janette Maria , Putri Dhita Widya , Yunia Anita , Yulianti Wulan
Published: September 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, public relations in Higher Education (PT) is facing new changes. The public relations capability is to maintain relations with the media, internal and external communications other stakeholders. This is related to the PT's public relations capabilities in information management during COVID-19, which can provide clear and good information and maintain the reputation and image of the organization. This research aims to understand the Public Relations Capabilities in (PT) for information management during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research to used by Macnamara (2018) regarding Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs)/ Competencies, Competency, and Competence. This research uses qualitative methods and data collection using Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with 13 public relations employees from universities in Jakarta. PT's public relations capability in managing information to the internal and external via social media channels effectively regarding MBKM.  Public relations officer can carry out a competency test which is useful for becoming a reliable and competent public relations officer and understanding the basics of the PR code of ethics. Public relations in (PT) capabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic by having public relations competencies that have a role in professional performance ethics. Evaluation and monitoring have successfully navigated academic activities during the pandemic and ready to face the new normal. The role of public relations in (PT) is related to the Good Reputation of the organization and its stakeholders. Public relations in (PT) to attract the attention of the audience (lecturers and students) by creating interesting content about MBKM uploaded via social media and collaborating with other campus partners. Public relations in (PT) has implemented strich health protocols and established pandemic response task forces.
Pengaruh Konten Instagram Wensen School Indonesia Terhadap Brand Image
Authors: Amelia Andini , Alfirahmi Alfirahmi
Published: September 2024

The Influence of Wensen School Indonesia's Instagram Content on Brand Image Andini Amelia CG191120543 The phenomenon of branding in Indonesia at this time has begun to shift, because the intended target consumer comes more from social media. The use of social media to improve brand image is considered appropriate through interaction with the audience on the content it creates. Many schools in Indonesia have used Instagram social media to create a brand image, one of which is a school called Wensen School Indonesia. Instagram is used by Wensen School Indonesia to upload photos and videos of various activities, and programs that are being run, as well as create interesting content to build a good view for followers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine and analyze how much influence Instagram content has on the brand image of Wensen School Indonesia. This type of research uses quantitative descriptive method of distributing questionnaires online to Instagram followers @wensenschoolindonesia. The results of this study showed that with a sample of 100 followers, the output value of the coefficient of determination (R Square) is 0.588 or 59.3%. This shows that wensen School Indonesia's Instagram content has an influence on brand image of 59.3% while 40.7% are influenced by other factors.
SYED MUHAMMAD NAQUIB AL-ATTAS AND THE DIALOGIC OF OCCIDENTAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Ahmad Murad Merican
Published: September 2024

Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas’ writings have developed a framework and theoretical perspective in responding to the Western worldview and scholarship. This is another layer in the trajectory of his works which has mainly gone unnoticed from the beginning. His systematic corpus on the Anglo-Saxon West encompasses, among others, the philosophical and the metaphysical, axiological, moral-cultural, aesthetics and the linguistic dimensions. The dynamics is more often seen in light of Islamic philosophy and metaphysics, as well as Malay-Muslim attitudes and worldview. Al-Attas’ arguments are strongly critical of Western epistemology, European history and society. This essay revisits and rereads two of his works, namely Islam and Secularism, and a journal article, “Islamic Philosophy: An Introduction.” In both works, al-Attas resonates the image of the West in challenging its scholarship.
Determinants of Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Completion in Sarawak
Authors: Chung Hsien Liang Melvin , Ooi Choo Huck , Teh Jo Hun , Jusoh Norliza , Husin Huzaimah , Narawi Mohammad Norhaizam Ahmad , Jores Drend , Ugak Yassimear Anak , Masani Nurul Amirah , Azizan ImranAzwan , Nasir Nurul Mufidah Md , Mazlan Faiz , Ooi Mann Chek , Wong Sin Yee
Published: September 2024

Objective: Rabies remains persistent in Sarawak despite efforts to control its spread. This study investigates the determinants of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) completion among individuals in Sarawak that have been exposed to potential rabies transmission through animal bites.Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study, using a universal sampling approach was employed, utilizing data from the Sarawak i-Bite System. Binary logistic regression was used to identify significant variables: a p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The mean age of people having experienced animal bites was 38.1 (S.D.=22.4) years. Most were male (51.6%) and of Chinese ethnicity (37.2%). The predominant sites of animal bites were the upper (53%) and lower limbs (39.5%). Category 3 bite injuries and bites from fully confined pets were the most frequently reported (68.9% and 43.9%, respectively). In total 56.5% of the study population had a complete rabies vaccine regimen as post-exposure prophylaxis, while 5.4% had incomplete vaccinations, and 38% received no vaccination. The majority received treatment at government hospitals (59.1%). The significant determinants of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis completion in Sarawak were the Iban ethnicity (odd ratio (OR)=2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.08-2.44, p-value=0.02), grade 3 bite (OR=3.9, 95% CI=,1.86-4.68, p-value<0.001), pet mixed with stray (OR=2.41, 95% CI=1.32-2.33, p-value<0.001), stray animals (OR=2.41, 95% CI=1.78-3.25, p-value,0.001) and treated in a government hospital (OR=0.63, 95% CI=0.47-0.83, p-value<0.001).Conclusion: This study reported that only 56.5% of patients completed the rabies PEP series. The important determinants of PEP completion status were found to be the Iban ethnicity, bite severity, category of animal, and place of treatment. These findings offer valuable insights to assist the Sarawak State Health Department in prioritizing strategies to enhance the compliance rate, with the ultimate goal of eliminating dog-mediated Rabies deaths by 2030.
Kinerja Bisnis UMKM: Peran Adaptasi Bisnis Dalam Memediasi Orientasi Kewirausahaan Dan Inovasi Produk
Authors: Meitiana Meitiana , Kristinae Vivy , Novan Novan
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the Role of Business Adaptation in Mediating the Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Product Innovation on the Business Performance of MSMEs in Palangka Raya. This research uses explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The sample in this study consists of 100 respondents. The analysis technique used is Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study indicate that: 1) Entrepreneurial Orientation has a positive and significant effect on Business Adaptation, 2) Product Innovation has a positive and significant effect on Business Adaptation, 3) Entrepreneurial Orientation has a positive and significant effect on Business Performance, 4) Product Innovation has a positive and significant effect on Business Performance, 5) Business Adaptation has a negative and significant effect on Business Performance, 6) Business Adaptation plays a negative and significant role in mediating the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance, and 7) Business Adaptation plays a negative and significant role in mediating the relationship between Product Innovation and Business Performance. It is recommended for future research to examine other factors influencing the business performance of MSMEs in Palangka Raya, such as internal company factors, external factors, and business environment factors.
Impacto de la publicidad engañosa en el comportamiento del consumidor y en la imagen corporativa de las organizaciones
Authors: Montiel Ensuncho Anibal
Published: September 2024

Introducción: En la actualidad las empresas ven en la publicidad el medio más eficaz para dar a conocer las bondades de los bienes y servicios que ofertan, buscando generar una mayor intención de compra; En este sentido, la investigación busca analizar como impacta la publicidad engañosa en el mercado objetivo y en la imagen de marca de quienes la implementan. Metodología: Se utilizó un enfoque mixto de investigación en los siguientes momentos: realización de un análisis documental, seguido de un trabajo de campo y finalmente la sistematización o síntesis del informe. Resultados: En su desempeño las organizaciones se enfrentan a un alto nivel de competencia y por captar el mayor número de clientes recurren a mensajes publicitarios donde mienten o exageran las cualidades y atributos de lo que ofrecen. Discusión: Los consumidores no están en disposición de aceptar ser engañados y si son víctimas de este tipo de publicidad, responden dejando de adquirir los bienes y servicios, con esto se pierde credibilidad y se afecta la imagen corporativa. Conclusión: Estos mensajes publicitarios pueden generar utilidades inmediatamente, pero en el tiempo afectan negativamente el crecimiento y la supervivencia empresarial.
“Todos em farrapos”
Authors: Sena Natália
Published: September 2024

A partir do poema Olhos dos pobres, de Baudelaire, o presente artigo tem como objetivo pensar como as cidades modernas e seu consequente efeito de segregação social impactam nos processos de subjetivação. Partindo da compreensão das dimensões estrutural e histórica, visamos demonstrar a constituição intrínseca entre sujeito e sociedade e discutir como a circulação dos afetos é condicionada pela via do discurso, esta compreendida como a síntese das duas dimensões, tendo como objetivo a produção de um certo tipo de subjetividade consoante ao seu tempo histórico. Por fim, propomos uma nova sensibilidade fundada a partir desta emergência do conflito de classes, tão presente na experiência urbana moderna.
Entender a guerra para promover a paz
Authors: Sampaio Ana Cristina
Published: September 2024

O que é a guerra? Quem faz? Qual o objetivo? Se mesmo com todos os esforços dos que desejam a paz, a humanidade continua elegendo inimigos que torna alvos e gasta fortunas para aniquilar, seria a guerra realmente um advento indispensável? O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o tema da guerra, tão atual, à luz da troca de cartas entre Albert Einstein e Sigmund Freud na década de 1930, que deu origem ao texto “Por que a guerra?” (1932-1933). Propomos um debate sobre os meandros do poder e da violência das guerras enquanto resposta de alguns à pulsão de morte que habita em todos nós. Segundo a reflexão que Freud faz em sua troca de cartas com Einstein, a violência não é algo que possa ser eliminado dos sujeitos, uma vez que é intrínseca à subjetividade humana - a agressividade está entranhada em nossa dimensão pulsional. Fugir dela, portanto, não faz com que ela deixe de existir; talvez, inclusive, torne mais bruta a força.
Desejo de analista e travessia da miséria
Authors: Lopes Leonardo
Published: September 2024

Fornecer ou não recibo? Eis uma pergunta que tem inquietado razoavelmente os psicanalistas sobre as contingências do ato analítico e sua coerência em relação à política do inconsciente. Porém, tais procedimentos, eles pertencem à ética da tática da transferência ou dizem respeito às exigências da cidade, apontando para o risco sorrateiro da regulamentação da psicanálise? De certo, o discurso analítico encontra sua radicalidade e eficácia ao promover um giro na economia de gozo do sujeito, engendrando-o em um novo aparelhamento, desde o qual é possível sustentar um ofício não a partir de relações de troca, mas pelo valor digno do dejeto que a experiencia de uma análise pode produzir. Utilizando como referências uma formação do inconsciente e a produção cinematográfica de Agnès Varda, “Os catadores e eu” (2000) para desdobrar a dedução de que o desejo de analista opera e acontece a partir de uma travessia da miséria, o presente artigo visa dar o testemunho de que é dentre os catadores que deve ser incluído o ato econômico de um analista. Ou seja, de que é dos restos, dos pedaços e dos fragmentos que se pode extrair os recursos para a manutenção do ensino e da transmissão da psicanálise.
Decision-Making Techniques for Supply Chain Management: An Empirical Analysis of Just-In-Time Inventory System
Authors: O. Omotayo Olota , G. Taiwo Oladipo , E. Oluwadamila Balogun
Published: September 2024

Many organizations face a severe problem in developing decision-making frameworks
for complicated supply chain management (SCM), which has driven them to keep
improving supply chain models. This study examines Just-in-time (JIT) factors and
its effect on SCM in the Nigerian manufacturing sector, with a specific focus on Olam
PLC in Ilorin, which was used because it is the only international agricultural
manufacturing firm that competes for supplies in the region. The survey research
design was used to gather data through a questionnaire from 265 members of Olam
employees selected randomly, of which 253 were valid. The data was analyzed, and
hypotheses were tested through PL-SEM at a significance threshold of 0.05 using
SmartPLS3. Results demonstrated that JIT has a standardized beta value and the P
value of 0.981 and 0.000 on SCM, and its r2 indicated 96% on SCM, indicating that
JIT has a significant effect on SCM. In conclusion, therefore, effective integration of
JIT inventory management in business processes enhances continuous improvement
and enhanced supply chain management.
Effect of Capacity Building on Employees Motivation in the NGO Sector of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Adil Hejratullah , Niazi Sardar Ayub , Haseebullah Haseebullah
Published: September 2024

As today's market is complex, it is difficult for an organization to survive in such a
competitive marketplace where the only way is to have highly motivated employees by
considering capacity-building programs. Therefore, the current study is being
conducted to investigate the effect of capacity building on employees' motivation in
the NGO sector of Nangarhar province. The author adopted a positivist research
philosophy, employing a deductive descriptive research design and survey research
strategy to achieve the research objectives. Data was collected from NGO employees
through a questionnaire, which was used for correlation and regression analysis.
Current research findings have shown a strong positive relationship between capacity
building and employee motivation. Furthermore, capacity building is one of the key
factors of better employee motivation in the NGO sector of Nangarhar province,
Afghanistan. Finally, the current study's findings can be helpful to the NGO sector
to enhance employees' motivation and improve overall performance.
Failure of Democracy in Afghanistan: An Introspection of its Internal Reasons and Lessons for future prospects
Authors: Sahel Sidiqullah
Published: September 2024

Post-9/11 incident the Taliban rule ended in Afghanistan and a democratic government
was established through the Bonn conference in December 2001. The conference was
held with the active intervention of the US and the UN, which distributed the power
amongst different ethnic groups of the country, followed by the promulgation of a
democratic constitution in 2004 by the “Loya Jirga” in Kabul. The new constitution
proclaimed Afghanistan as a sovereign, Islamic Republic-where the state’s legitimacy
would be achieved through a universal adult franchise, and the state would ensure the
fundamental rights of the citizens. But, despite all these efforts, democracy could not
consolidate in the country, consequently, the Taliban returned to power after 20 years
of war. Does the paper explain what led to the failure of democracy in Afghanistan?
And what type of government can best suit Afghan society? The paper finds out that
establishing western style strong centralized democracy and power sharing on an ethnic
basis in the Bonn conference led to the marginalization of religious and tribal
authwhichty, who used to enjoy leverage in provinces. Also, the centralization of power
resulted in corrupting government officials, which led to a widening gap between the
state and society, and weakened the government institutions. As a result, the Taliban
after a peace agreement with US on 29th February 2020, captured power in Kabul on
15th August 2021. The paper finds out that formulating a decentralized authority, with
a mixed type of sovereignty, and aligning democratic principles with religious and
tribal authority is the most feasible form of government for Afghanistan. According to
Islamic scholars, there is compatibility between Islam and democracy, because Islam
believes in consultation and Bay’a in state formation, and these tenets of Islam are
similar to the core values of democracy namely representation, freedom of expression
and election.
Keywords: Islam, Democracy, Jirga, Consultation, Bay’a, Bonn conference,
corruption, Human Rights violation
Afghan-China Mutual Security Interests
Authors: Bazwan Jalal
Published: September 2024

The history of the Sino-Afghan relationship can be traced back to the 7th Century when
Chinese monks traveled to Afghanistan through the Silk Road, to visit the Buddha
statues in Bamyian, a province in Afghanistan. The continued China-Afghanistan
relationship was disrupted following 9/11 and the subsequent US-NATO military
presence in Afghanistan. The former played a leading role in the reconstruction of a
new Afghan government and training of the Afghan forces. There was no Chinese
involvement in Afghanistan during the US-NATO years. Instead, a mutual
relationship was formed after the US-NATO withdrawal from Afghanistan. In a post2014 combat forces withdrawal of the US-NATO forces, China started playing an active
role in resolving the Afghan conflict. China has security interests in Afghanistan, and
as long as the security threats in Afghanistan remain unsolved, China may hesitate to
strengthen its economic and investment relationship with Afghanistan. When talking
about the Chinese security interests in Afghanistan, East Turkistan Islamic Movement
(ETIM) is one of the grave concerns for China. In order to secure the China-Afghan
relationship, the Chinese would require that the Afghan government contain ETIM and
prevent their operation from Afghanistan. This is necessary so that ETIM is unable to
function from Afghanistan and use the country as a safe haven for cross-bordered
operations. Further, any subsequent strengthening of Afghan-China relations would
require mutual interlards investment, and the success of investments is pegged on
eliminating security threats. This paper discusses the Afghan-China mutual security
interests and how an insecure Afghanistan is not only a threat to Chinese national
security, but it will also have a grave impact on Chinese investment and the
connectivity program of the region.
Keywords: Afghan-Chinese relations; security; terrorism.
A Mechanism to Resolve Conflict in Afghanistan
Authors: Mukherjee Sarbajeet
Published: September 2024

Forty years of civil war have made the Afghan nation not just tired of such internecine
conflict but also demand an early end to human suffering in every form. The issue of
armed conflict management was first mentioned in the inaugural issue of the Journal of
Conflict Resolution in 1957 when Quincy Wright wrote that the resolution of
international conflict can be facilitated by national government efforts “to prevent
tensions from arising and aggravating disputes among nations. Such resolution can
proceed through the application of appropriate methods of negotiation, mediation,
conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, and the coordination of measures to
prevent aggression.” The lesson of reconciliation from the previous Apartheid regime
in South Africa which had brought former adversaries to the negotiating table and work
for a multi-cultural, democratic, and peaceful South Africa can be taken as a case in
point for Afghanistan, along with the conflict resolution mechanisms used in divided
societies like in Northern Ireland, the Balkans, Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the
Middle East. In particular, the role of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in
South Africa and the presence of local communities in various parts of the world as well
as in Afghanistan shall be looked at. Although it remains an uphill task for the Afghan
people to forget the sufferings that they were made to undergo. Peace and reconciliation
have to be given a chance. The role of the United Nations and other regional actors
become very crucial over here in bringing about a lasting conciliation to this warravaged part of Asia also depicted as the heart of Asia.
Keywords: Afghanistan, conflict resolution, reconciliation, South Africa, Truth
Commissions
Incorporating Sukuk Provisions into the Law on Domestic and Foreign Private Investment in Afghanistan
Authors: Saleem Zabihullah
Published: September 2024

The current legal system in Afghanistan provides for commercial and financial dealings
through the Civil Code (Qanuni Madani) and covers several Islamic financial
transactions, such as the contract of sale which can be found under articles 1035 to 1123
of the Civil Code1 and the contract of Future Commodity Sale (salam) which is under
articles 1124 to 1132 of the Civil Code1. In Afghanistan, while the Islamic finance sector
is still in its nascent stage, there is still a growing demand for it. Its potential, therefore,
remains untapped. One such Islamic finance instrument that is underutilized is Sukuk
(an Arabic term, which denotes a financial instrument similar to the issuance of a bond).
While the central bank of Afghanistan has taken the initiative to develop and
standardize the Islamic banking sector by issuing guidelines on various Islamic finance
contracts that are meant to regulate the activities of Islamic banks, it has yet to issue
Sukuk regulations. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the current law on
Domestic and Foreign Private Investment in Afghanistan (2005) and to consider the
issuance and regulation of Sukuk as part of such investments. It also briefly assesses
the Malaysian legislation on Islamic Capital and Sukuk to serve as a guide for Sukuk
legislation in Afghanistan. This paper proposes the introduction of new Sukuk
provisions and the amendments of existing articles within the current investment law
to cover different aspects of Sukuk issuance, structures and investment. This research
is the latest effort in developing the Sukuk industry in Afghanistan through Sukuk
legislation and serves as a guide for initiating efforts for incorporating provisions
related to Sukuk issuance into the current law. The methodology used is purely
doctrinal and will make use of examining the law and regulations that are relevant to
Sukuk.
Keywords: Sukuk, regulations, Afghanistan legal system, Malaysian legislation,
Islamic finance, investments
Выделение серицина из коконов шелкопряда Bombyx mori, его характеристики и биологически активная добавка на его основе для профилактики сахарного диабета
Authors: Сарымсаков А. А. , Ярматов С. С. , Юнусов Х. Э.
Published: September 2024

На основе серицина, выделенного из коконов шелкопряда Bombyx mori, получена биологически активная добавка для профилактики сахарного диабета. Посредством гидролиза нитей шелкопряда Bombyx mori в водной среде при температуре 110°С и давлении 0.143 МПа в течение 24 ч выделен раствор серицина. Методом выпарки фильтрата в роторном испарителе получен порошок чистого серицина с молекулярной массой 72 × 103 и выходом 29.8%. Последующим повторным гидролизом порошка чистого серицина с указанной молекулярной массой в водной среде при температуре 130°С и давлении 2.8 МПа в течение 120 мин выделен порошок серицина с молекулярной массой (5–6) × 103, содержащий свободные аминокислоты, с выходом 18.6%. Методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии, вискозиметрии и ИК-Фурье-спектроскопии определены аминокислотный состав, молекулярная масса и функциональные группы серицина. Образцы серицина с различной молекулярной массы испытаны на крысах с алиментарной гипергликемией. При введении серицина, содержащего свободные аминокислоты с молекулярной массой (5–6) × 103, в дозе 65 мг/кг два раза в день отмечено снижение уровня сахара в крови крыс на 159.5% через 30 дней по сравнению с контрольной группой.
БАГАТОКРИТЕРІАЛЬНИЙ ПІДХІД НА ОСНОВІ ГЕНЕТИЧНОЇ ЕВОЛЮЦІЇ ДЛЯ ПОШУКУ ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО МАРШРУТУ ПЕРЕДАЧІ ДАНИХ У БЕЗПРОВІДНИХ СЕНСОРНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ
Authors: ПИРІГ Ярослав , ПИРІГ Юлія
Published: September 2024

В роботі наведено багатокритеріальний метод маршрутизації даних у безпровідних сенсорних мережах на основі принципів генетичної еволюції, із врахуванням динамічно змінної топології та радіусів дії вузлів. Представлено блок-схему генетичного алгоритму, який дозволяє знайти оптимальний маршрут на основі шести критеріїв, використання яких дозволяє врахувати специфіку роботи безпровідних сенсорних мереж, а саме: Евклідову  відстань, рівень заряду батареї вузла, рівень сигналу вузла, рівень втрат даних, затримку передачі даних, вхідний/вихідний ступніь вузла. Для перевірки ефективності розробленого генетичного алгоритму здійснено його порівняння із жадібним, використовуючи імітаційне моделювання. На основі отриманих результатів показано ефективність роботи пропонованого рішення .
ВИМІРЮВАННЯ ПОВЕРХНЕВОЇ ЩІЛЬНОСТІ МАТЕРІАЛУ З ОДНОРІДНОЮ СТРУКТУРОЮ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВИМ МЕТОДОМ
Authors: ДАЩЕНКО Володимир , ВОЛКОВИЙ Павло
Published: September 2024

В результаті виготовлення, переробки паперової сировини та отримання на виході готової продукції, яка має однорідну структуру, виробник прагне отримати високу якість готового виробу. Для досягнення вказаної мети актуальною є задача вимірювання та контролю поверхневої щільності однорідного паперового матеріалу в процесі його виробництва, яка безпосередньо впливає на його якість. На сьогодні, підприємства паперової промисловості використовують контактний руйнівний метод визначення поверхневої щільності матеріалу, що не дає можливості реалізувати постійний моніторинг параметру. Для вирішення даної проблеми необхідно розробити нові комп’ютеризовані системи і методи вимірювання поверхневої щільності матеріалу із використанням саме безконтактних ультразвукових перетворювачів, оскільки тільки вони дають можливість забезпечити моніторинг параметру в режимі реального часу при невеликих грошових витратах на їх установку та експлуатацію у порівнянні з аналогами.
Для розробки безконтактного методу вимірювання поверхневої щільності однорідного матеріалу необхідно вирішити наступні завдання: дослідити теорію розповсюдження та ослаблення ультразвукових хвиль в контрольованому з однорідною структурою матеріалі; навести основні співвідношення амплітуд ультразвукових хвиль, які взаємодіють з матеріалом; розробити алгоритм вимірювальних та розрахункових процедур для визначення параметру поверхневої щільності матеріалу, що будуть застосовані в комп’ютеризованій системі.
Для контролю матеріалу необхідно враховувати особливості складу матеріалу і його вплив на інформативні параметри самого зондувального ультразвукового сигналу під час вимірювання. При безконтактному ультразвуковому методі матеріал опромінюється хвилями, а значення його поверхневої щільності визначається співвідношенням амплітуд ультразвукової хвилі, що пройшла крізь матеріал з однорідною структурою, і хвилі, яка падає на нього. Для налаштування комп’ютеризованої інформаційно-вимірювальної системи під параметри навколишнього середовища перед початком вимірювання поверхневої щільності матеріалу використовується опорний канал.