bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using biosensors and machine learning algorithms to analyse the influencing factors of study tours on students’ mental health
Authors: Li Kunfeng
Published: September 2024

College students nowadays will inevitably deal with stress. Personal emotional and behavioural responses may be extremely strong when faced with stress. One of the most prevalent sources of stress for college students throughout the globe is mental health issues connected to stress. However, there is a lack of research focusing on the impact of specific activities, such as study tours, on students’ mental health and how these activities can be monitored using advanced technologies. As a result of its ability to analyze, classify, and alert college students’ psychological data with high quality, deep learning and machine learning have recently found widespread application in college students’ mental health education and management. Moreover, the integration of biomechanics and biosensor data offers new insights into understanding the physical and psychological impacts of study tours on mental health. This can potentially promote the development of colleges’ mental health education programs. Hence, this study proposes the Biosensor-based and Deep Neural Network-based College Student Mental Health Prediction Model (BDNN-CSMHPM) for detecting the mental stress of college students during study tours. Using biosensor data, including EEG and biomechanical metrics, this model employs the most effective BDNN to categorize the mental health condition as normal, negative, or positive. Consequently, BDNN is utilized to categorize the gathered emotional and biomechanical information, and based on the classification outcomes, the emotional condition of college students is determined. Considering that different features might stand in for different elements in the original data, it is necessary to extract several biosensors features to represent the information in the original EEG data accurately. Second, fusing various features is essential in the auto-learn model integration method. Third, the BDNN is fed the combined features, resulting in emotion classification. The numerical outcomes demonstrate that the BDNN-CSMHPM model enhances the student’s mental health prediction ratio of 98.9%, accuracy ratio of 96.4%, emotion recognition ratio of 95.3%, Pearson correlation coefficient rate of 97.2% and psychological monitoring ratio of 94.3% compared to other popular methods.
Evaluation of heavy metal content in agricultural soil fertilized with chemical fertilizers in the Tasawa Agricultural Project, Libya
Authors: Iessa Kaes Rateb
Published: September 2024

The Tasawa agricultural project was constructed to produce grains in the southern region. The project has employed various chemical fertilizers to enhance agricultural production. However, the use of these fertilizers may lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. Soil samples taken from the project site showed a mean concentration of Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), and Iron (Fe) at 25.97±11.02, 0.95±0.94, 4.37±3.23, 12.26±7.59, 2.21±2.98, 9.15±10.93, and 267.50±84.96 mg/kg, respectively. The geochemical pollution index (Igeo) shows the non-pollution of Cu, Cd and Zn, while Cr, Mn, Ni, and Fe are unpolluted or slightly polluted. Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant positive correlation between Fe-Mn (r=.987**), a significant negative correlation between Mn-Cr (r = -.943**) and a negative correlation between Fe-Cr (r= -.878*).
The Asset Capital-based Adaptation of the Marginalized People in the Northeast of Thailand Amid the Covid -19 Pandemic
Authors: Prabnok Puttharak , Chamaratana Thanapauge , Meekae Nattapon , Pajchane Kritsada , Jearviriyaboonya Jakkrich
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the capital assets- based adaptation of marginalized people in the Northeastern Thailand amid the Covid-19 pandemic. This study employed a qualitative research methodology to collect data through interview approaches. The results revealed that the majority of the marginalized people in northeastern Thailand adapted capital assets through the support of family members, especially children who have skills in communication technology to access health-related information and assistance from government and private agencies. Additionally, social capital was also used to help people in the community. This resulted in the communities with high-performance leaders being able to deal with the problem during the Covid- 19 pandemic effectively. Furthermore, the assistance of outsiders was another way for the adaptation since the marginalized people barely use financial and physical capital due to accessibility and capital limitations.
Systematic and Contractual Protection of the Commercial Establishment in the Saudi Legal System
Authors: Deif Aser Mohamed Abou
Published: September 2024

Although the Saudi Commercial Court Law does not specifically regulate commercial assets, the Saudi legislator has addressed the protection of such assets through the Competition Protection Law issued by Royal Decree No. 75 of the year 1440 AH. This law aims to protect merchants from any unfair competition that may affect their capital, or in other words, their commercial assets. In commercial jurisprudence, these assets are referred to as the "commercial establishment" or "store," which comprises both tangible and intangible movable assets owned by the merchant as a single unit. Moreover, there exists an alternative method of protecting the commercial establishment beyond the statutory framework, namely, the protection provided through contractual agreements. Merchants may include clauses in their contracts that prohibit competition that harms them, commonly referred to as "prohibited competition." Thus, there are two types of protection for the commercial establishment: the first is protection from unfair competition, regulated by law, and the second is protection from prohibited competition, regulated by contractual clauses.
Down the Rabbit Hole of Investment Arbitration and Ethics
Authors:   Leicester Law School, University of Leicester, United Kingdom, Vargiu Paolo
Published: September 2024

This article addresses the role of arbitrators and the everlasting tension amongst personal morals and interpretive rigour. Critiques of investment law have traditionally underscored the lack of balance in power between foreign investors and host states under BITs and FTAs and have especially emphasized how investment arbitration is a mechanism that aggravates imbalances and engenders inequitable outcomes. Frequent appeals for the reform of investment arbitration resonate amongst scholars, states, and international organizations, with the appointment of arbitrators and their conduct facing intense scrutiny. Arbitrators, endowed with powers akin to those of adjudicators, demonstrate at times a concerning attitude towards the rigorous interpretation of applicable laws, often overlooking the public international law nature of BITs and FTAs and, on occasion, approaching investment disputes as though they were merely commercial arbitration cases. The conflation of the two types of arbitration has had adverse effects, resulting in dubious awards and decisions. The increasing number of so-called mega-awards exacerbates the problem, as their significance for host states is not necessarily commensurate with the rigor of the legal reasoning underpinning them. This has progressively led to an erosion of trust in investment arbitrators and numerous calls for greater accountability of arbitrators. However, one may argue that even the most rigorous interpretations of BITs and FTAs unavoidably favour the interests of foreign investors due to the inherent nature of such agreements, which prioritize the rights and protections of foreign investors over the interest and welfare of host states and their populations.
Beyond Cognition: Are Party-Appointed Arbitrators Truly Impartial?
Authors:   LL.M., Attorney at Law, Piraeus Bar Association, Greece, Konstantinidi Marina-Elissavet
Published: September 2024

The present paper examines the principle of impartiality and its significance in the context of party-appointed arbitrators in international investment and commercial arbitration. It reflects on how cognitive biases influence decision-making in arbitral disputes and how such biases can be mitigated to enhance the credibility and fairness of international dispute resolution procedures. Arbitration is a common mechanism for resolving disputes in international investment law, with parties often appointing tribunal members. However, the impartiality of these arbitrators is frequently questioned. Cognitive biases, such as confirmation bias and anchoring bias, can significantly impact the fairness of arbitration by affecting how evidence is perceived and evaluated. This study explores the relationship between cognitive biases and arbitrator impartiality, considering the role that such biases may play in the outcome of an arbitration process. Integrating doctrinal legal analysis with empirical insights from psychology, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of impartiality challenges faced by party-appointed arbitrators. It analyzes institutional measures like the duty of disclosure and ethical guidelines, alongside the theoretical framework of the ‘devil’s advocate’ approach, to propose effective strategies for mitigating biases. By enhancing understanding of these issues, the paper aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the fairness of arbitration in international investment and commercial law.
A Fair (?) Quantification of Damages in Investor-State Arbitration Proceedings: Reflections from the UNCITRAL Working Group III ISDS Reform Process
Authors:   Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, Brouwer Erik W.
Published: September 2024

This paper considers the proposals advanced by some States in the context of the ISDS reform process at UNCITRAL’s Working Group III to curb a perceived tendency towards (too) “high”awards on damagesin investment arbitration proceedings and “inconsistent”approaches to valuation methodologies. Based on analysis of the arguments brought forward in that discussion, it is argued that while clear procedural guidelines on the application of the valuation methodologies used by arbitrators would be a commendable outcome of the reform process, other proposals aimed at capping damages based on equitable considerations or contextual factors, including the financial capacity of the host State, pose more questions and may be more properly addressed in other venues or through existing tools.
Yesterday and Today for State Contracts – Explicationibus on the Routes of Administrative Law and Public International Law
Authors:   Faculty of Psychology, Behavioral and Legal Sciences of the ", Popa Tache Cristina Elena ,   Andrei Șaguna",   University in Constanța, Romania, Sararu Catalin Silviu ,   Faculty of Law, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania; associate member of the Academy of Romanian Scientists
Published: September 2024

The dynamic intersection between administrative law and public international law in the context of state contracts leads to a more adequate analysis of the evolution of the legal framework from historical perspectives to contemporary practices. Our mode of study deepens the complex relationship between these two legal fields, with an emphasis on the transformations and legal mechanisms that have governed state contracts over time. For the development of this study, the analytical approach and the comparative approach were applied through the analysis of the legal text, jurisprudential concepts with critical discussions, the analysis of the jurisprudence as well as the descriptive approach to describe the researched phenomenon.
Harmonization of Procedures in Romania with the Regulations of the EU Member States on the Limited Liability Company
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, Stoica Florentina Camelia , Cojocaru Cristina ,   Faculty of Law, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: September 2024

The latest legislative amendments to Companies Law no. 31/1990 are expected to be well received by the business community, being described by the legislator, among others, as a relaxation of the conditions for registration and operation of the Limited Liability Company. Thus, significant changes concern the elimination of the minimum value of the share capital for this type of company, as well as the emphasis of the new provisions on the will of the shareholders regarding the transfer of shares, by removing the term of opposability to transfer provided in favour of third parties. Without claiming a thorough analysis of the matter, the article aims to highlight the most important aspects of these legislative changes.
Advantages and Constraints from the Perspective of Adopting the AI Act for the Public Administration in Romania
Authors:   Faculty of Law and Public Administration, „Ovidius” University of Constanța, Romania, Ghencea Flavia Lucia
Published: September 2024

The AI Act is a proposal with an exclusively innovative character in the legislative field, being the first law developed by a major regulatory body in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). The law operationalizes AI applications in three risk categories. First, it considers applications and systems that create an unacceptable risk. Second, high-risk applications are subject to specific legal requirements. Lastly, applications not explicitly banned or listed as high-risk are largely left unregulated. If the path of this act was, without a doubt, a particularly difficult one, the practical application will certainly raise several practical problems, depending on the states that will implement it. We propose, in this work, an analysis of the European normative act, from the perspective, on the one hand of the intentions pursued by the European legislator and, on the other hand, of how Romania will implement the AI legislation. We refer to possible situations in which the Romanian public administration will find itself through the prism of the advantages it can obtain, on the one hand, but also, on the other by the prism of the constraints imposed by the regulations in force. We conclude with some proposals to the legislator in the perspective of obtaining concrete advantages following the implementation of this act.
Constitution Supremacy and the Reasonable Limits of Case Law Reversal within the Framework of Constitutionality Control
Authors:   Doctoral School of Law, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, Iacuba Andrei , Stan Georgian Ionuț
Published: September 2024

Undoubtedly, constitutional supremacy can lead to spacious social peace in a constitutional democracy. The fact that the other laws in the normative hierarchy are valid and conform to the fundamental act leads to juridical security for the subjects of law. Sometimes, to guarantee the supremacy of the constitution, a constitutionality review is established through a constitutional litigation court, at other times, this review is left to ordinary courts, thus guaranteeing constitutional supremacy in both ways. Contrary to the purpose of guaranteeing constitutional supremacy, constitutional courts can disconnect themselves from what they protect – the constitution, and through undesirable case law reversals, the content of constitutional norms can be disregarded. In this context, it is necessary that some reasonable limits be brought into discussion.
Legal Protection of the Whistleblower. The Possible Consequences of Shifting Public Administrative Duties to the Individuals
Authors:   University of Łódź, Poland, Najman Michał
Published: September 2024

The European Parliament and the Council (EU) on October 23, 2019 adopted Directive 2019/1937 on the protection of persons reporting violations of EU law. It aims to improve the enforcement of EU laws and policies by increasing the ability to effectively detect violations of the regulations. The means to achieve this goal is to guarantee the protection of individuals who, because of their work (sensu largo), have information that proves a violation of EU law and is thus harmful to the public interest, and report these violations or disclose them to the public (whistleblowers). What is more, the Directive shifts public administration duties to the individuals. The article is an attempt to answer the question of whether the regulation of the protection of whistleblowers finds legal and social justification as well as to indicate the benefits and risks of granting whistleblowers special legal protection. The article ends with an assessment of the importance and implementability of the discussed regulation at both the social and economic levels.
Consumer Protection Safeguards after the AI Act
Authors:   Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Devetzis Dimitrios , Samaras Simos ,   National and Capodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Published: September 2024

The long-awaited introduction of the AI Act, notwithstanding its originality, does not introduce any regulation outside the existing framework. It supplements the safeguards provided in numerous sectors of the EU legislation, inter alia, consumer protection. An examination of the basic EU law along with national legislation of the most influential legal orders, i.e. the French and German one, and model rules of the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR)confirms that the new AI Act sheds light on pre-existing vague legal concepts. In this respect, this novel piece of legislation promotes a better understanding of traditional notions of law applicable to the modern digital reality without introducing totally new rules. Accordingly, certainty of law is reinforced where consumer protection had languished, not because of legislative shortage, but for facts and situations described as necessary conditions of certain rights were contested on the basis of contrary possible interpretations of decisive terms. Ultimately, the very importance of the AI act regarding consumer protection lies not in the introduction of new rights and obligations, but in a multiple practical assistance to the implementation of existing rules adjusting thus the traditional legal concepts with technological development beyond their original scope.
红色文化融入师范生理想信念教育路径探析
Authors: 何铬颖  , 田方豪  , 邓玲芝  , 李爽
Published: September 2024

何铬颖1，田方豪1,2, 邓玲芝2, 李爽1
1.湘南学院外国语学院，湖南郴州;
2.苏仙区教育局，湖南郴州
摘要：在高校师范教育中，红色文化作为源头活水之一，引领高校师范教育的主要方向。红色文化蕴含着丰富的革命精神和鲜明的民族特色，将红色文化融入师范生理想信念教育中具有独特的育人价值，红色文化对于高校师范生理想信念教育具有重要的正面导向价值、隐性教育价值及文化资源的类别整合价值。在新时代背景下，各高校可通过教育理论与课堂教学结合、校内资源与校外资源协同、文化内宣与理想外传并重等举措促进红色文化融入师范生理想信念教育。
课程思政在《电工与电子技术》课程中的探究
Authors: 李娜  , 陶发展  , 徐丹旸
Published: September 2024

李娜，陶发展，徐丹旸
河南科技大学信息工程学院，河南洛阳
摘要：课程思政是高校思想政治教育融入课程教学，实现全方位育人的重要途径。作者结合《电工与电子技术》的授课经验，深入挖掘课程中的思政元素，将课程思政融入课程中，在知识传授、能力培养和思维启发的过程中，帮助学生塑造正确的人生观、价值观和世界观，实现立德树人这一根本任务。
基于5E教学模式的高中数学建模教学设计——以“轮船渡江”为例
Authors: 冯晗暄
Published: September 2024

冯晗暄
扬州大学数学科学学院，江苏扬州
摘要：应用5E教学模式对“轮船渡江”案例进行高中数学建模的教学设计，通过阐述引入、探究、解释、精致和评价环节的设计内容与意图，着重培养学生的数学核心素养。
中学思政课加强新时代爱国主义教育的策略研究
Authors: 周杰
Published: September 2024

周杰
武汉市梨园中学，湖北武汉
摘要：习近平总书记指出：“弘扬爱国主义精神，必须把爱国主义教育作为永恒主题”。中学思政课是落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程，加强新时代爱国主义教育，是中学思政课的应有之义，是学生成长的力量之源，是实现中华民族伟大复兴的现实需要。加强新时代爱国主义教育，要进一步丰富中学思政课教育内容，创新中学思政课教育方式，完善中学思政课教育评价，从而提升新时代爱国主义教育实效。
新时代基于人工智能赋能材料学院“本研贯通”人才培养体系建设
Authors: 徐玲琳  , 蒋正武  , 杨晓杰  , 张树青  , 李岩  , 姚爱华
Published: September 2024

徐玲琳，蒋正武，杨晓杰，张树青，李岩，姚爱华
同济大学材料科学与工程学院，上海
摘要：人工智能引领材料学院人才培养体系迈入新时代。当前，人工智能技术的迅猛发展对高等教育提出全新挑战，材料科学领域更是首当其冲。同济大学材料学院积极探索“本研贯通”人才培养模式，构建涵盖人工智能课程的科学体系，推动学科交叉，以拔尖人才培养为抓手，基于闭环与反馈提质，有望快速实现材料学科高质量发展。
性别、方向感和学习偏好对人体解剖学学习效果的影响
Authors: 陈亚丽  , 胡莹莹  , 孙伟伟  , 袁小琴  , 古慕峰  , 高俊英
Published: September 2024

陈亚丽1，胡莹莹2， 孙伟伟3，袁小琴3，古慕峰3，高俊英3*
1.南京中医药大学医学院，江苏南京；
2.南京医科大学康达学院，江苏连云港；
3.南京医科大学基础医学院，江苏南京
摘要：目的：人体解剖学是医学的基础课程，需要学生有效地辨认和记忆复杂的空间信息。本研究旨在调查性别、自我评估的空间能力和学习偏好对获得解剖学知识的影响。方法：我们通过问卷调查的方式收集并分析了382名来自中国江苏的两所医科大学的学生与他们的空间能力、学习偏好和解剖学知识有关问卷。结果：虽然与女性学生相比，更多的男性学生自我感觉有更好的方向感，但这种空间感知的优势并没有转化为人体解剖学的学习优势。此外，学生，特别是女学生，在获得新的解剖学概念时，表现出倾向于从文字而不是图片中学习。在与关节运动或内部器官形态学有关的学习困难方面，空间能力好或差的学生之间没有观察到明显的差异。但方向感好的学生能更好地分辨出多轴关节或形状更复杂的内部器官对学习有挑战性，而方向感差的学生则缺乏这种分辨能力。结论：这些结果表明在设计和实施人体解剖学课程的教学时因充分考虑个体差异的重要性，做到因材施教。未来的研究可以聚焦在通过对学习偏好和空间记忆程度来对同学分组，通过各种教育工具和资源有针对性教学，解决不同的学生的具体需求，由此个性化的提高同学的学习效率。
程序设计基础课程立体化教材建设思考
Authors: 孙红敏  , 李晓明  , 王艳
Published: September 2024

孙红敏，李晓明，王艳
东北农业大学电气与信息学院，黑龙江哈尔滨
摘要：程序设计基础课程是计算机及相关专业的核心课程之一，随着信息技术的发展，传统教材已经无法满足日益增长的教学需求。本文在分析程序设计课程中使用立体化教材优势的基础上，提出了立体化教材的编写思路，全面总结了立体化教材的评价方法和结果应用，为立体化教材建设提供了参考。
应用型民办高校法学生就业方向研究
Authors: 郑文彬  , 任盈
Published: September 2024

郑文彬, 任盈
长春财经学院法学院, 吉林长春
摘要：随着法治建设的不断推进，社会对法律人才的需求日益增大，与此同时，法学专业的招生规模也在不断扩大，据相关统计数据，截至2024年3月，全国共有本科院校1275所，其中开设法学院的有625所，国内法学本科与硕博研究生在校生总计92.24万人，而公法检系统内编制的数量和容量本身有限，供给量大于需求量，法学生面向就业岗位的竞争压力必然会愈来愈大。同时，应用型民办高校法学专业办学规模正逐步扩大，其也向社会输入相当数量的法律人才，但由于民办高校本身的局限性以及培养学生类型的差异性，使得民办高校的法学生在人才市场的竞争力十分有限。为了改善应用型民办高校法学生就业较困难的现状，笔者针对应用型民办高校的办学特点，结合法学生当前的就业困境，探讨应用型民办高校法学生就业的可行方向，便于法学生找到与自己专业能力契合的岗位，在保质保量解决法学生的就业难题时，也避免了人才资源的过度浪费。
Prevalence of prescription drug abuse among patients with chronic pain attending in a pain clinic of a tertiary hospital
Authors: Kamal Md Mostafa , Parveen Monira , Bhowmick Dilip Kumar , Islam Md Shafiqul , Akhtaruzzaman A K M
Published: September 2024

Background: Chronic pain and prescription drug abuse are extremely prevalent worldwide. Non-medical use of prescription drugs like opioids, central nervous system depressants and stimulants can lead to addiction, abuse or misuse, and diversion. It is not known what proportion of patients have already been exposed to prescription drug abuse presenting for chronic pain management. The main objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of prescription drug abuse among the patients presenting for chronic pain management.Method: The study was conducted at the out patient’s settings in the Pain Clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbagh, Dhaka. Study population included patients suffering from chronic pain of at least 2 years duration and patients over 18 years of age. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of investigation were followed. The quantitative data was collected by face-to-face interview, clinical evaluation and recording of reports. Based on the patient information recorded 30 patients ( one-tenth of quantitative sample) were selected to find out the qualitative details through in-depth investigation of extent, trends, patterns and consequences of prescription drug abuse or misuse characteristics.Results: Quantitative data was collected from 305 patients. The average age of patients was 39.92 ± 9.61 years and male to female ratio was 2.2:1. Most of the patients were living in rural area 195 (64%). Chronic musculoskeletal pain was more prevalent among chronic pain patients 31% [95% CI: (26-36)]. The mean (±SD) duration of pain was 6.82 ± 3.45 years. Most commonly prescribed medications were NSAID 81% [95% CI: (76-85)], muscle relaxants 50% [95% CI: (45-56)] and opioids 41% [95% CI: (35-46)]. The prevalence of drug abuse was 64% [95% CI: (59-70)]. The specified ways of drug abuse revealed that 49% [95% CI: (42-56)] patients used medication without legal prescriptions, 21% [95% CI: (16-27)] used more than the prescribed dose and 30% [95% CI: (23-36)] used more than the prescribed duration for relieving pain. NSAID was the most common drug taken without legal prescription 72% [95% CI: (63-81)] and used more than the prescribed dose 57% [95% CI: (42-72)]. The most common cause of taking drugs more than prescribed dose and duration were initially relief of pain but gradually higher dose needed 79% [95% CI: (66-91)] and painful condition worsened after stopping medication 76% [95% CI: (65-87)], respectively. The common problems/complicationsrelated to drug abuse were mental disturbance 78 (26%), sleeplessness 69 (23%) and loss of memory 64 (21%).Conclusion: The prevalence of prescription drug abuse is high among chronic pain patients. Many patients suffer from abuse-related complications, which is a major concern for the healthcare system.
Experience of Avascular Necrosis of Hip Joint due to Unjustified Use of Steroid: A Case Series Study
Authors: Hossain Md. Mosharaf , Kamal Md Mostafa , Akter Easmin , Bhuiyan Md. Rasheduzzaman , Zunaid Md , Akhtaruzzaman A K M
Published: September 2024

The use of steroids, whether in herbal or synthetic form, for purposes such as weight gain, appetite enhancement, and pain relief is a prevalent practice in Bangladesh. Lacking adherence to pharmacological guidelines, such as those outlined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) poses a significant health risk. Steroid-induced osteonecrosis is one in many adverse effects that consuming OTC steroid causes. AVN is characterized by the death of bone tissue due to the prolonged use or high-dose administration of corticosteroids. Commonly affected areas include the hip joints, knees, and shoulders. However, this seemingly innocuous trend has prompted concern, particularly at the Dhaka Specialized Pain Management and Research Centre, where a notable pattern has emerged. From July 2022 to June 2023, a total of six reported cases highlighted a worrisome trend of individuals encountering health issues due to the misuse or prolonged use of over-the-counter (OTC) steroids. The majority of the reported cases were male, predominantly in their 2nd to 3rd decade of life. The common thread among these cases was the history of oral steroid ingestion, either in the form of herbal or synthetic compounds. The patients presented with complaints of pain in the hip and groin area, particularly during walking. Diagnostic imaging, including X-ray and MRI of the hip joints, consistently revealed a classical picture of Avascular Necrosis (AVN), underlining the potential association between steroid use and this debilitating condition. The cases reported at the Dhaka Specialized Pain Management and Research Centre serve as a stark reminder of the potential consequences, such as AVN, that can arise from the uninformed or unsupervised use of steroids.
Role of Ultrasound Guided Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy for Isolated Supraspinatus Tendinopathy
Authors: Dara Sudheer , Chandra Minal , Puli Srilatha , Chetan Chetana
Published: September 2024

Background: Rotator cuff (RC) injuries are not so uncommon a cause of disability among the population. The RC stabilizes the shoulder, a highly unstable joint owing to great mobility. Supraspinatus (SS) is one of the RC tendons undergoing damage ranging from mild tendinosis to complete tear due to degeneration, trauma, or other causes. Supraspinatus tears (STs) have been classically treated conservatively with physical and pharmacotherapy and later on with the help of surgical repair. Non-surgical treatment with biologics like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has been tried with positive results but with limited data. We aim to identify the role of PRP therapy in patients with symptomatic supraspinatus tendinopathy (STP) for improving the range of motion as well as reducing the pain and physical disability.Methods: This study was done on fifty symptomatic STP patients who failed medical and physical therapy for at least three months. The improvement in the pain score following two sittings of PRP therapy was evaluated with numerical rating scale (NRS). The improvement of the function of shoulder joint movements for daily activities was assessed with the modified University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score. Moreover, NRS, tear size (TS, assessed with ultrasound), Constant Shoulder Score (CSS), and modified UCLA shoulder score were recorded at baseline, and subsequently at 1-month, 3-months, and 6-months following the second sitting of the PRP therapy.Results: At baseline, the CSS was 36.42±5.12, and was 61.58±6.35, 81.22±6.23, and 87±3.9 at 1-month, 3-months, and 6-months follow-up, respectively. The NRS was 8.18±0.96 before the procedure and 4.26±0.8, 2.02±0.62, 1.84±0.51 at 1-month, 3-months, and 6-months follow-up, respectively. The mean TS pre-procedure was 3.12±0.89, and a significant decrease in TS was seen at 1-month (2.87±0.88), 3-months (2.44±0.79), and 6-months (2.17±0.76). Modified UCLA score was 16.86±3.49 at baseline which improved to 24.66±3.17 at 1-month, 31.64±2.69 at 3-months, and 32.5±1.67 at 6-months.Conclusion: PRP results in healing of the torn SS tendon. It also reduces pain score, improve range of motion and quality of life of the patients.
Safety and Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation of Gasserian Ganglion in Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Karmakar Chandra Shekhar , Hannan Mohammad Abdul , Das Rajat Shuvra , Tuser Saiful Mahmud , Arin Kazi Mahzabin , Sultana Ayesha , Akhtaruzzaman A K M
Published: September 2024

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterized by intractable pain in one or more division of trigeminal nerve. Pharmacologic management is first line treatment for TN, when it fails interventional treatment options are considered like percutaneous procedures or micro vascular decompression. Radio frequency thermoscoagulation is an effective option for medically refractory cases to control pain.Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.Methods: Total 44 patients were included in this prospective obsarvational study who were already diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia and refractory to medical management. All patients were treated by radiofrequency thermocoagulation after confirming the position of needle tip by sensory and motor stimuli. Three lesions were created at 60-70oC for 90 second each. Patients were assessed for pain relief, corneal reflex, numbness and masticatory muscle weakness at immediate post procedural stage, 1 week, 1 month and at 6 months.Results: Twenty eight patients had pain over both mandibular (V3) and maxillary (V2) division, 12 patients had mandibular (V3) and 4 patients had only maxillary (V2) division involvement. Excellent pain relief was archived in 38 (86.36%) patients, 4 patients (9.09%) have good pain control and 2 (4.54%) patient developed poor pain control with development of Anesthesia dolorosa in 1 patient. None of them develop complete facial numbness, 41 patients developed tolerable numbness and 2 patients develop somewhat bothersome, Facial numbness. Three patients developed unilateral masseter muscle weakness however no patients developed corneal ulcers, blindness or other complications.Conclusion: Temperature controlled thermocoagulation is a safe and effective treatment options for trigeminal neuralgia.
Analgesic Efficacy of Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block (SFICB) vs Combined Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block with Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block (LFCN) in Hip Surgery
Authors: Uddin Md. Aftab , Azad Salah Uddin Al , Nimmi Nahida Parveen , Mitra Shyama Prasad , Aziz Lutful
Published: September 2024

Background: Pain management for hip fracture is challenging due to complex anatomical variations and patient positioning during surgery. Though various modalities of regional techniques are being used for pain management, none of them has proven superiority. Recently fascia iliaca compartment block and pericapsular nerve group block have drawn lots of attention due to simplicity and superior pain control. In this study suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block (SFICB) was compared with pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block in combination with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) block to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and utility in fracture neck femur patients.Methods: This prospective study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022. Total 40 patients were allocated in two groups, suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block (Gr-F) or PENG with LFCN block (Gr-P) group. 30 minutes after performing the block, pain was assessed with NPRS scale during positioning for combined epidural anaesthesia. Then pain assessment was done 2 hour for first 12 hours followed by 4 hour in following 12 hours. Haemodynamic profile, duration of analgesia and requirement of rescue analgesics were recorded.Results: During positioning of the patient for central neuraxial block, NPRS was (2.5 ± 0.3) for Gr-P and (4.5 ± 0.6) for Gr-F with p = 0.039. For Gr-F, 20% patient required Dexmedetomidine infusion during positioning. The onset of analgesia in Gr-P was (10.56 ± 3.46) minutes and in Gr-F was (15.86 ± 3.3) minutes with p < 0.05. Duration of analgesia during active movement was 14.6 (±1.09) hours for Gr-P and 10.2 (±2.06) hours for Gr-F with p value < 0.05.Conclusion: Combination of PENG with LFCN block provides a superior analgesia characterised by early onset action, less pain score at rest and on movement during positioning of the patient and prolong duration of action on active movement postoperatively.
Vitalisasi Pembangunan Jemaat
Authors: Silitonga Oking Sahrul , Pasaribu Azwar Anas
Published: September 2024

Tulisan ini meneliti model revitalisasi jemaat lima faktor dari Jan Hendriks, dengan mengintegrasikan teori "gereja yang cair" dari Pete Ward untuk menghadapi tantangan kontemporer dalam pengembangan gereja. Revitalisasi jemaat, yang ditandai oleh penguatan internal dan keterlibatan eksternal, sangat penting untuk mewujudkan visi gerejawi yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. Model Hendriks menekankan lima dimensi utama: iklim, kepemimpinan, struktur, tujuan dan tugas, serta identitas. Dengan menggabungkan teori "gereja yang cair" dari Ward, pendekatan ini memperkenalkan fleksibilitas yang diperlukan untuk menavigasi konteks sosiokultural yang terus berkembang tanpa mengorbankan identitas gerejawi inti. Dalam kerangka ini, makalah ini menyoroti peran penting kepemimpinan bersama dalam membangun jemaat yang dinamis, berdaya, dan relevan.
Teologi Pembenaran oleh Iman menurut Paulus dalam Surat Galatia 3:1-12 dan Kontekstualisasi dalam Kehidupan Gereja HKBP
Authors: Tambun Lumongga Christine Debora
Published: September 2024

Artikel ini secara kritis menelaah doktrin pembenaran oleh iman yang diajarkan oleh Rasul Paulus dalam Galatia 3:1-12 dan mengkontekstualisasikannya dalam kehidupan dan pelayanan Gereja HKBP. Dalam Galatia 3:1-12, Paulus menanggapi kesalahpahaman jemaat Galatia yang percaya bahwa pembenaran dapat dicapai melalui perbuatan baik, bukan melalui iman kepada Kristus. Paulus menekankan bahwa pembenaran tidak diperoleh melalui ketaatan pada hukum Taurat atau pelaksanaan perbuatan baik, melainkan hanya melalui iman kepada Kristus. Doktrin ini sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip teologis tentang iman dan keselamatan yang tercantum dalam Agenda dan Pengakuan Iman HKBP. Namun, konsep ini belum sepenuhnya dipahami atau diterima oleh jemaat HKBP secara luas. Banyak yang masih mengutamakan tradisi dan perbuatan baik, seringkali meragukan jaminan keselamatan yang dapat mengakibatkan kurangnya keyakinan sejati. Dengan menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperjelas doktrin pembenaran guna mencegah kesalahpahaman doktrinal yang dapat merusak iman dan praktik keagamaan di gereja. Selain itu, artikel ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana teologi pembenaran oleh iman dapat diintegrasikan secara efektif dalam praktik-praktik gereja HKBP.
In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Pharmacokinetic Study for Bosutinib Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital Campus, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamilnadu-600073, India, Nagaiah Baddela , Nirmala S. ,   Department of Pharmacy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital Campus, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chrompeat, Chennai, Tamilnandu-600064, India
Published: September 2024

Objective: Bosutinib (BST) is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class II drug having very low solubility and high permeability. Low aqueous solubility and poor dissolution of BST lead to poor bioavailability, Thus, limited aqueous solubility is the bottleneck for the therapeutic outcome of BST. Animal data suggest that the absolute bioavailability of BST is about 14–34% due to an extensive first-pass effect. To overcome hepatic first-pass metabolism and to enhance oral bioavailability, lipid-based drug delivery systems such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) can be used. Methods: SLNs are submicron colloidal carriers having a size range of 50–1000 nm. These are prepared with physiological lipid and dispersed in water or aqueous surfactant solution. BST can be conveniently loaded into SLNs to improve the oral bioavailability by exploiting the intestinal lymphatic transport. An optimal system was evaluated for bioavailability study in rats compared with that of BST suspension (SUS). Results: An in vitro cytotoxicity study was done by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay method through ATCC cell lines; the percent inhibition was more in SLN when compared with SUS. The pharmacokinetics of BST-SLNs after oral administration in male Wistar rats was studied. The bioavailability of BST was increased by 2.28 fold when compared with that of a BST SUS. Conclusion: The results are indicative of SLNs as suitable lipid-based carrier system for improving the oral bioavailability of BST.
SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT
Authors: Jamal Izaz , Khalil Aimen , Faiz Tabassum , Gul Ejaz , Mufti Ali Ahsan , Pirzada Muhammad Muneeb
Published: September 2024

The current study was conducted to identify the impact of seasonal affective disorder on the academic lives of undergraduate students in the Peshawar district. SAD is defined as "seasonal depression" that is brought on by a particular season's depressive episodes as well as other symptoms, especially during the winter. The sample size consisted of 100 undergraduate students from different universities in Peshawar (N = 100). Their ages ranged from 18 to 26 years old. The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) along with a demographic and informed consent sheet was administered. Statistical analysis revealed that among 100 participants, 71 were affected by SAD. Further on, it was elaborated that female students have high rates of SAD as compared to male students. The present study has a high value of significance (10.928). The results of the study supported the proposed hypotheses and confirmed the impact of seasonal affective disorder on the academic performance of undergraduate students while having a large female population. Depression is a recurrent and serious medical condition that negatively affects moods, how you see the world, and how you behave. It is the illness that drives feelings of dissatisfaction in one's actions. Students' cognitions are affected, which negatively affects their grades. They are unable to manage their everyday activities. Exercise, a balanced diet, and psychiatric treatments should also be employed as part of a treatment plan for symptoms.
TRANSLATION AND VALIDATION OF URDU VERSION OF BRIEF DISSOCIATIVE EXPERIENCE SCALE FOR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Asif Muqaddas , Rafique Rafia
Published: September 2024

Objective Dissociation is a ubiquitous construct in psychology and is of high clinical relevance. The objective of this study was to translate and validate the Brief Dissociative Experience Scale (DES-B) in the Urdu language for individuals with substance use disorder (SUD). DesignThis was a cross sectional study. Place and Duration of StudyThe study was conducted with a sample of 200 individuals with SUD aged 18 and above from drug rehabilitation centres across Pakistan between July to November 2023. MethodsThis study utilized a rigorous procedure of Mapi guidelines for translation and validation of DES-B. The validation of DES-B was determined through confirmatory factor analysis. ResultsThe data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software and factor structure, internal consistency, composite reliability, and convergent validity of the scale were determined. Of the 200 participants, 79.0% were male. The mean age of the participants was 30.61 years (SD = 8.87) with a range between 18 to 65. The findings indicated a good model fit for a one-factor structure with 8 items (χ²/df = 2.61, p < 0.00, RMSEA = 0.089, CFI = 0.908, GFI = 0.944). Moreover, the composite reliability (CR = .77), convergent validity (AVE = .31), and internal consistency (α =.76) showed favorable results. Overall, the Urdu version of DES-B demonstrated acceptable results in terms of the construct’s validity and reliability. ConclusionThe Urdu version of DES-B can be used as a reliable and valid tool to assess dissociative experiences in individuals with SUD suitable for research and clinical settings.
ILLNESS PERCEPTION AND TREATMENT EXPECTATION IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOM DISORDER AT LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Authors: Latif Sara , Sitwat Aisha
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE
To explore the perceived illness and treatment expectations of patients with Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder.
DESIGN OF STUDY
It is a Descriptive Research Design 
PLACE AND DURATION
The study was executed at Department of Psychiatry of government and private teaching hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan over a period of 12 months, from Jan 2023 to Dec 2023.
METHOD
A total of 100 adult participants were recruited as per criteria. Demographic Information Questionnaire and Short Explanatory Model Interview (SEMI) were employed and the qualitative data generated from SEMI was converted to numerical codes and discrete categories by the method of stepwise reduction. The descriptive frequencies were then presented in the tabular format.
RESULTS
Majority of the participants were female, educated, students and housewives, with 1 – 6 months duration of the illness, mixed symptoms presentation, pseudo seizures and motor symptoms. The main reasons of onset of illness was mentioned as marriage related factors and familial and social factors and majority participants believe that magic can affect others. The intensity of the symptoms were perceived as ‘extreme intense’ associated with the fear about the worsening of symptoms and serious discomfort. The main difficulties due to illness was reported to be lack of interest in daily activities, and increase in problem in relationships. The patients expect proper treatment and prescription of medicines which was followed by responses that they will learn the diagnosis and will receive advice from doctors regarding their illness.
CONCLUSION
The patient’s perception towards their illness was serious and concerned and their expectations was receiving proper treatment, medications and learning the disorder and doctor’s advice.
FREQUENCY OFANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AND ITS PSYCHOSOCIAL CORRELATES AMONG WOMEN RECEIVING ANTENATAL CARE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN KARACHI
Authors: Rekhan Rekhan , Ali Shah Nighat , Tahir Amber , Masood Mehar , Fahim Tanzila , Washdev Washdev
Published: September 2024

Objective:
To determine the proportion of women suffering from antenatal depression and anxiety visiting a tertiary care hospital for routine antenatal visits to evaluate the psychosocial factors associated with their depression and anxiety.
Study Design:
A descriptive cross-sectional study
Place and Duration
Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics Ward 9B,   Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi from January 2024 to May 2024.  
 Top of FormMethods:
This study was conducted with 249 pregnant women via non-probability, consecutive sampling. Anxiety and depression were assessed using Urdu validated version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Psychosocial stressors were also recorded. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 23.0.
Results: In this study, 20% of women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancies were anxious and 5% were depressed. Critical psychosocial factors included low education, marital stressors such as low social support from husband and/or in-laws, living separately from husband, and intimate partner violence, financial stressors such as husband unemployment and pregnancy-related factors such as unplanned pregnancy and narrow birth spacing.
Conclusion: The study provides a significant burden of antenatal mental health issues in our region and their specific associated psychosocial factors. The study emphasizes upon the need for Biopsychosocial support systems and interventions to mitigate the risk of antenatal depression and safeguard maternal well-being during this critical period.
Application of infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra in studying the bacterial efficacy of some oxazepane derivatives derived from hydrazones
Authors: Talluh Abdul Wahed Abdul Sattar , Saleh Mohammed Jwher , Saleh Jamil Nadhem
Published: September 2024

This research included the utilisation of infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra in studying and preparing new derivatives of the oxazepan ring by a series of reactions, where the triazole ring was prepared from the reaction of the carboxylic acid with carbothiohydrazide, and from the resulting reaction (triazole) with aqueous hydrazine. The latter was reacted with benzaldehyde compensators to prepare hydrazones, which is the basic intermediate for the preparation of the oxazepan ring. The hydrazones were reacted with succinic anhydride, and the validity of the structures was proven using infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of proton and carbon. Its biological activity has also been tested for two species of Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae.
How Bullying Shapes Pupils’ Attributes
Authors: Sy Melbert Geneil , Cruz Yvonne
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to determine whether bullying affects the personal attributes of pupils. 197 Grade 5 and 6 pupils from the School District of Valencia for the School Year 2023–2024 served as respondents. The researcher used a descriptive–correlational research design and a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire underwent a dry run to ensure item content reliability. The researcher also used weighted mean, frequency, and percentage, Pearson product-moment coefficient of correlation, and Kruskal–Wallis H test to analyze the data. The study revealed several findings: (a) the pupils exhibited a very high level of confidence and were not significantly affected by bullying, and (b) the pupils demonstrated high personal attributes. It was found that bullying experiences do not significantly affect or influence the pupils’ attributes. In addition, bullying experiences affect all pupils regardless of their age and sex. Since all the variables have correlation coefficients (r values) greater than the tabular value of 0.1946 at the 0.05 level of significance with 190 degrees of freedom, this demonstrates a significant relationship between the extent to which pupils experience bullying and the personal attributes they manifest, including self-confidence, socialization, school engagement, motivation, and emotional well-being. This implies that bullying can influence a child’s characteristics and behavior. On the other hand, it is revealed that pupils manifest a low extent of the various negative effects of bullying in all personal attributes, particularly self-confidence, socialization, school engagement, emotional well-being, and motivation. The weighted mean of the five personal attributes ranges from 1.84 to 2.43, with a composite mean of 2.06. These results indicate that pupils have high personal attributes. This implies that the personal attributes of the respondents are manifested positively.