bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxic Effects of Chromium on Growth of some Paddy Varieties
Authors: Nagarajan M. , Ganesh K. Sankar
Published: October 2022

Chromium is a serious heavy metal and it is considered as an environmental hazard. Toxicity effects of chromium on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study the accumulation of Cr and its effect on the Germination and growth of some paddy varieties. Thus, the varieties such as ADT-43, ADT-45, IR-50, TKM-9, CO-33, ASD-16 and CO-43 are grown in petriplates treated with different concentrations of Chromium (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L). After one week exposure the seedlings were removed and morphophysiological parameters like germination percentage, seedling length and dry weight of paddy varieties and accumulation of Cr were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than 100 mg/L chromium cause the reduction of morphophysiological parameters in the treatments rather than control and Cr addition in the cultures caused enhancement of chromium content in roots and shoots of plant seedlings. It was also noted that accumulation of chromium in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the paddy seedlings under treatment.
Enumeration and Characterization of Microorganisms in Raw Coir Pith and Coir Pith Dumped Soil
Authors: Paramanandham Joothi Pillai , Ross P. Ronald
Published: October 2022

Coir pith is being considered as the reject generated during the extraction of coir fibre from coconut husks. It is a light weight and fluffy material with dusts and bits of fibres. The coir pith has many undesirable components and hence it does not carry any value addition. It needs to be degraded for the effective utilization for further activities. Microbes have the ability to decompose coir pith. Coir pith itself posses its own native microbes. Hence in the present study, raw coir pith and the soil dumped with coir pith in the dumping yards along the vicinity of the coir fibre factories were subjected for the enumeration and characterization of microorganisms. The coir pith for the study was collected from two locations in Cuddalore District. The results exhibited the presence of huge quantity of microbes in the raw coir pith than the coir pith dumped soil. Furthermore, the percentage occurrence of bacteria was significantly higher when compared with that of the fungi and actinomycetes. Totally 12 species of bacteria, six species of fungi and three species of actinomycetes were recorded. The results showed significant variation in the quantity and quality of the microbes.
XRF Analysis of Pongamia pinnata Stem of Semi Arid Region of Kachchh
Authors: Ram Vijay R. , Patel Mani G. , Ram Pravin N. , Khatri Taslimahemad T. , Dave Pragnesh N.
Published: October 2022

The objective of the present investigation was to study the chemical composition of stem of Pongamia pinnata is a species of tree native to India growing in semi-arid region of Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. The stem of Pongamia pinnata were subjected to Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and were analyzed for different mineral composition. As the X-ray Fluorescence is one of the most reliable and accurate, as well as it is also a consistent and non-destructive method for analysis of major and trace elements using a single pressed pellet. During the study it was found that Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Silicon, Sulfur, Aluminum, Phosphorus were noted in higher amounts, compared to that of other elements like Manganese, Iron, Nickel, Copper, Zink, Bromide, Rubidium, Strontium, Stannous, whereas the elements which were not detected in stem of Pongamia pinnata are Titanium, Cobalt, Hafnium and Tantalum.
Studies on Water Pollution due to Toxic Metals in Ulhas River Flowing along the Dombivli City of Mumbai, India
Authors: Jadhav Amol M. , Singare Pravin U.
Published: October 2022

Dombivli city is one of the most industrialized cities situated near Mumbai. The increase in industries, has led to increase in the discharge of industrial waste effluents from the industrial belt into the Ulhas River, due to improper environmental planning. This day by day increasing tremendous pollution load has prompted us to carry the systematic and detailed study on the heavy metal content in water of Ulhas River. The study was conducted over a period of two years i.e. in 2012 and 2013. The study was carried out along the banks of Ulhas River, near the discharge of effluents from Dombivli Industrial belt Phase I and Phase II. The sampling points were identified accordingly. The analysis for the majority of the toxic heavy metals like Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) in water samples was done. The results of our study indicated that there is a need to conduct systematic and regular monitoring of pollution level along the Ulhas River with an intention to obtain the scientific data on heavy metal content in the river water. Such data will be useful to improve the industrial waste treatment technology adopted along the Dombivli industrial belt.
Biocatalytic Ketone Reduction - A Study on Screening and Effect of Culture Conditions on the Reduction of Selected Ketones
Authors: Kuncham Ramprasad , Gurumurthy K.T. , Chandan N. , Javed Aamir , Ashwini L.S. , Shenoi Rahul , Baranwal Anup
Published: October 2022

Microbial conversions are gaining importance in the synthesis of important drug metabolites and their intermediates as they are good alternative to chemical synthesis since they are enantio-selective and regio-selective and even can be carried out at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Till date, biocatalytic reduction of acetophenone and its derivatives has been widely reported. In the present study, we have made an attempt to carry out the microbial bioreduction of o-hydroxyacetophenone by screening some of the selected microorganisms which were obtained from culture collection centre as well as those which are isolated in our Microbiology lab. The selected microorganisms include Aspergillus ochraceous, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tubingenesis, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolanifer MTCC 162, Rhizopus stolanifer MTCC 2591 and Baker’s yeast.Among the seven microorganisms screened for the bioreduction of o-hydroxyacetophenone, Baker’s yeast and Aspergillus tubingenesis showed significant bioconversion where as Aspergillus ochraceous exhibited the least bioconversion.In our earlier study it was found that Aspergillus flavus has the required bioreductase enzyme, which showed the maximum conversion of p-chloroacetophenone to p-chlorophenylethanol. Hence optimization of culture conditions to get maximum enzyme expression and hence maximum conversion was thought off. The parameters considered for the study include effect of various Carbon sources, Nitrogen source, Metal ions, incubation Temperature and media pH on enzyme expression. The optimized culture a condition at which maximum bioconversion was achieved was maltose among various carbon sources. Tryptone was found to have maximum effect among the nitrogen sources. Media pH 7.6 and incubation temperature of 35 °C was found to be favourable for maximum enzyme activity. Among various divalent metal salts, addition of magnesium sulphate to the media significantly increased the enzyme activity.
Cytotaxonomic Studies of Three Ornamental Aroids
Authors: Kalu Emmanuel Jonah , Kanu Anulika Mercy
Published: October 2022

Cytotaxanomical analysis carried out on three ornamental aroids (Anchomanes difformis, Anchomanes hookeri and Arum maculatum) proved that cytological studies is none negligible tool in phylogeny and scientific classificationns of plants. Aceto-orcein stain squash technique was used in this study. Anchomanes difformis and Anchomanes. hookeri showed more relatedness in chromosome number and chromosome morphology, sharing the same chromosome number 2n=13, while Arum maculatum has 2n=8. The following karyotypes formular were revealed: 2n=8=3M+3SM+2ST in Arum maculatum; 2n=13=5M+1SM+7ST in A. difformis; and 2n=13=3M+6SM+4 A. hookeri. Other karyotype parameters investigated like CI%, AsI and degree of asymmetry of the genomes supported current taxonomic ranking
Herbal Medicine Used to Treat Primary Infertility in Women by Traditional Practioners of Vijayapur (Bijapur) District of Karnataka, India
Authors: Laddimath Arati , Srinath Rao
Published: October 2022

An ethno-botanical survey of Vijayapur district comprising five tehsils was conducted during February 2014 to December 2015. The main purpose of this survey was to document the traditional use of medicinal plants for primary infertility in women in vijayapur district. 13 species belonging to 13 genera and 12 families were found to be used to treat primary infertility. The scientific name, family, local name, habit along with part used and mode of their administration are provided.
Correlation among Agro-Morphological Variation and Genetic Diversity of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Drought Stress
Authors: Thu Ha Pham Thi , Khang Do Tan , Tuyen Phung Thi , Minh Luong The , Minh Truong Ngoc , Thi Lang Nguyen , Buu Bui Chi , Xuan Tran Dang
Published: October 2022

In this study, the correlation coefficients among agro-morphological variation, genetic diversity, and drought tolerance in 44 rice cultivars were analyzed. The drought tolerance at seeding stage (DTS) was significantly proportional to drought tolerance at vegetative stage (DTV) (r = 0.60). In addition, DTS and DTV had strong significant positive correlation to leaf roll (r = 0.87 and 0.54, respectively). Means of unfilled grains and tilling per panicle were proportionally correlated to DTS (r = 0.22 and 0.25, respectively), and DTV (r = 0.20 and 0.36, respectively). However, weight of 1000 grains and filled grains recorded no correlation to DTS and DTV. At a homologous coefficient of 16.85 integrated from cluster analysis of agro-morphological, quantitative characteristics and drought tolerant scores, the rice was divided into five groups. Maximum PIC (polymorphic information content) values were detected in three markers including RM11125, RM21, and RM5629, which were between 0.78-0.79. Cluster analysis of microsatellite markers revealed that by a genetic distance of 0.63, the rice varieties were separated into three clusters. The results provide valuable information for rice breeders to select donors in breeding rice integrated with drought tolerance and good agronomic characteristics.
Increased Production of Carrageenase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZSL-2 Using Taguchi Experimental Design
Authors: Ziayoddin M. , Lalitha Junna , Shinde Manohar
Published: October 2022

The culture conditions for the production of carrageenase were optimized using one-factor-at-a-time method combined with orthogonal array design. With the one-factor-at-a-time method revealed optimal conditions for carrageenase production were 24 h of fermentation period, 28 °C incubation temperature at pH 8.0 with NaNO3 as nitrogen source and carrageenan as carbon source in MMS media. Further optimization of carrgeenase production by using orthogonal experimental design L9 (34) with four factors, temperature, pH, NH4NO3 and carrageenan with their relevant levels revealed optimised conditions for carrageenase production were temperature of 28 °C, pH 8.0, 2 g L-1 NaNO3 and 2 g L-1 carrageenan. The order of the factors affecting the fermentation process was found to be temperature > pH > NaNO3 > carrageenan. The temperature played a significant role on the carrageenase production. Higher carrageenase yield with activity of 0.542 ±0.045 U ml-1 was obtained in the optimised medium when compared to those of basal medium. Carrageenase hydrolysed products of carrageenan were identified by LC-ESI-MS as neocarrabiose, neocarrabiose-4 sulfate, neocarratetraose, neocarratetraose-4 sulfate, anhydrogalactose, galactose, galactose-4 sulphate and sulphate
Phytochemical Evaluation and Comparative Antibiocide Efficacy of Aqueous, Ethanolic and Equal Mixture of Aqueous and Ethanolic (1:1) Bark Extract of Lannea coromandelica L. Procured from Eastern Region of India
Authors: Das Kuntal
Published: October 2022

The present investigation was evaluating the potential antibacterial activity of three different extracts of the bark of Lannea coromandelica Linn. (LC) tree procured from Eastern India. Extraction of bark separation was carried out using aqueous, ethanol and a mixture of aqueous and ethanol. Microbiocides of all the extracts were separately evaluated against several microorganisms viz. Bacillus substilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonus aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens by agar diffusion technique. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of all the extracts was carried out by the serial dilution method. The results of MIC ranged from 12.5 to 150 mg/ml (all the three extracts). The concentration dependent (**P < 0.01) potential antimicrobial activity was resulted and at the dose of 200 mg/ml, combined aqueous and ethanol extract of LC (LCAE + LCEE) gave significant results against gram positive bacteria where the maximum zone of inhibition was recorded against Streptococcus pyogenes (17.0± 0.05**) followed by Straphyloccus aureus (13.6 ±0.05**). Further, the same extract showed the maximum relative percentage inhibition against Straphyloccus aureus (178.64%) followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (143.42%). Such variation may be due to the effects of choice of solvent and the quantity of the extracted amount and also the geographical source of the plant part. These results represent scientific evidence to support the traditional medicinal uses of LC bark extracts and indicate a promising potential used against the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and also provide scientific evidence for their efficacy to prepare the alternate newer medicine for antibiotics.
Status and Perspectives Livestock Production: The Case Region Polimlje-Ibar
Authors: Rajović Goran , Bulatović Jelisavka
Published: October 2022

In production structure of agriculture in the region Polimlje-Ibar, livestock production has a very important role, because without a stable and developed livestock production has neither developed agriculture. Therefore, in this paper, shows the number of livestock by type and category. Unsatisfactory number of livestock in the region, is primarily the result of economic factors, such as reduced local and regional markets, low purchasing power, transition, privatization, lack of long-term strategies for animal husbandry development, technological and technical unwillingness processing facilities, primary production disorganization, poor farmers and processors association, insufficient and slow recovery racial composition of cattle. In structure of use agricultural areas in the region, stands out the predominantly pasture type of agricultural land with higher participation of meadows (P4L2). The structure use in livestock production has characterized by the direction with prevailing participation sheep farming and greater participation bovines (O4G2). Judging by the number and categories of livestock by type, production volume, as well as other indicators, livestock production in the region generally, serves to meet the needs of the household. A smaller part is intended market. In order that problems were solved in an appropriate manner, it is necessary to adopt appropriate strategies in livestock region Polimlje-Ibar, with the development of the proposed measures, which must be long term, because only in this way can stop the decline in the number of cattle to provide the increase livestock production and improve the quality of livestock products.
Study of Venturi Scrubber Efficiency for Pesticide Industry
Authors: Desai R. , Sahu O.P.
Published: October 2022

A venturi scrubber is designed to effectively use the energy from the inlet gas stream to atomize the liquid being used to scrub the gas stream. This type of technology is a part of the group of air pollution controls. The air pollution generated from the industry is now become serious problem for the environment, which affect the living and non living thing on the Earth. Among all the air pollution monitoring equipment venturi scrubber found to suitable for prevention of air pollution by pesticide. It was found that scrubber shows 99.1 % efficiency.
Analysis of Land Suitability for Small Earth Dams Using Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) in the Geographic Information System (GIS)
Authors: Safavian Arezoo , Amani Mohamad
Published: October 2022

In many parts of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid, one of the solutions to deal with the major flood season comes, is the dam, as well as water storage dams to store flood also reduced the flood peak flow and damages resulting from it. It must be built in places that best performance in terms of the volume of the reservoir and reduce their discharge. In this paper, using a combination of linear and GIS environment, the proportion of land for the construction of small earth dams in the watershed Kal Ajy in the East province with an area of 170.90 km, based on five criteria (slope of the stream bed, the distance from the village, away from sources of credit, apart from agricultural lands, areas with severe erosion) to assess and map the proportion of the land in the study area was prepared. This map priority areas for the construction of small dams and earthen offers. The results indicate that 27 percent of the region is important for small earth dams are suitable.
Identifying the Grain Chalkiness Gene Using Molecular Marker Techniques in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Thi Lang Nguyen , Truc Giang Phan Ho , Thu Ha Pham Thi , Toan Tran Bao , Phuong Truong Anh , Buu Bui Chi
Published: October 2022

Chalkiness is a major constraint on rice production because it is one of the key factors determining grain quality (appearance, processing, milling, storing, eating, and cooking quality) and price. In this study, we conducted grain chalkiness gene identification using co-dominant insertion/deletion (INDEL) markers and SSR marker combination on 50 different varieties. The application results in 7 InDel markers and SSR marker on chromosome 7 were recorded. Three primers, InDel 5, InDel 14 and RM21938, associated with grain chalkiness. For the InDel 5 primer, the amplification product was 100%. Use of primer InDel 5 in detection and evaluation of genotype to the chalkiness trait of rice grain on 50 rice varieties indicated the suitability level with phenotypic evaluation was 86% and the unsuitability level was 14%. For the InDel 14 primer, the amplification products were 100%. The suitability with phenotypic assessment was 84% and the unsuitability was 16%. For the RM21938 primer, the amplification product was 94%. The suitability with phenotypic assessment was 76% and the unsuitability was 24%. Thirteen of the selected varieties had grain chalkiness gene both InDel 5, InDel 14 and RM21938. Total 13 varieties were detected from InDel 5, InDel 14 and RM12938 primer combinations also showed high efficiency of the InDel technique in identifying chalkiness gene in rice grain. A cluster analysis was performed and a dendrogram was constructed which evinced the nature of phylogenetic classification among the genotypes of the varieties. These markers could be used for developing quality of rice in breeding program.
Study on Buffering Capacity and Organic Matter of some Soil Samples from Rungicherra Tea-Estate, Bangladesh
Authors: Zamir Rausan , Islam ABM Nazmul , Hossain M.F.
Published: October 2022

In this study, soil samples from three different hills of three topographic positions were evaluated on the basis of buffer capacity and organic matter. Maximum soil samples were found to have good buffer capacity where soil samples of topographical positions hill base and hill top showed maximum and minimum values respectively, leaving hill slope samples in medium value of buffer capacity. Our study suggested this variation of buffer capacity may be due to the differences of organic matter amongst the topographical positions and profiles.
Validation of Tropical Artificial Soil by Chronic Toxicity Studies on Eisenia fetida against Superphosphate
Authors: Abbiramy K.S. , Ross P. Ronald , Paramanandham Joothi Pillai
Published: October 2022

The research methodology recommended by the OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization) guidelines for testing of chemicals meets the most criteria expected for ecotoxicological testing except the testing condition and the organic matter. The guidelines were initially developed by temperate countries, with testing conditions as 20 °C and the organic matter as sphagnum peat which is commonly available in those countries. But these two criterions are difficult to be followed in tropical countries. Thus there arises a need of modifying these criterions for toxicity studied in tropical regions. In this study a trial was made for substituting the fermented coir pith for sphagnum peat and the validation of the modified tropical artificial soil (TAS) was done by conducting chronic toxicity studies on Eisenia fetida against an inorganic fertilizer, superphosphate (SP) under tropical condition, i.e., 28 ±2 °C. The performed study showed that the SP determined lower earthworm mortality in TAS comparing to OECD soil for all tested concentration levels. The number of juveniles produced in OECD soil was also significantly reduced (p < 0.05) than in TAS. This may be due to the production of large amount of hydrogen ions when the temperature increases and making the medium acidic. The fermented coir pith was more suitable for ecotoxicity studies under tropical condition than sphagnum peat.
The Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Cytometric Characteristics Features of Red Blood Cells in Different Ages of Carp Fish from Zaporozhian Reservoir
Authors: Fedonenko Olena , Yesipova Nataliіa , Sharamok Tetyana
Published: October 2022

The research was held in terms of Zaporozhian Reservoir (Ukraine) from 2014 till 2015 year. It was established that prussian carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782) and roach (Rutilus rutilus Linnaeus, 1758) underyearlings accumulate essential elements more extensively, especially zinc, comparing to adults ones. The species characteristic of heavy metals accumulation in the carp fish body was observed. The intensity level of erythropoiesis occurrence was higher in young fish of both species of carp fish. The specific features of cytometric characteristics of fish erythrocytes were identified: the relative amount of mature red blood cells prevailed in roach, and the area of mature red blood cells was significantly higher in prussian carp. In addition, in the young roach among immature forms of red blood cells significantly higher percentage of polychromatophil normoblasts was revealed.
Problems and Options of Integrated Water Resources Management in Nigeria: Administrative Constraints and Policy Strategies
Authors: Nwankwoala H.O.
Published: October 2022

Nigeria has greater challenges when it comes to water development and management. The current water resources development and supply status is unacceptably low and needs a major transformation. With the rapid growth in population, urbanization, industrialization and competition for economic development, water resource has become vulnerable to depletion and degradation. Management of this valuable resource is determined by its acceptability and utilization in terms of quantity and quality. Due to imbalance between demand and availability, management approaches are facing various ethical dilemas. This paper therefore considers the water supply and sanitation situation in the country and the challenges facing the sector. The paper calls for institutional reforms and review of policy targets, define key elements for the development of action and investment plans as well as provide some guidelines in order to minimize duplication and maximize effectiveness. The paper also suggested strategies and viable framework/agenda for sustainable water supply and emphasizes that the machinery of water resources development and management needs an urgent overhauling with the aim of streamlining the overlapping functions of the various agencies that have operated the system up till now. More importantly, the paper suggested integrated approaches/strategies for sustainable management as well as offers relevant policy recommendations for water resources management in Nigeria.
Antidermatophytic Activity of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Limonia acidissima Groff
Authors: Singh P. Shivakumar , Vidyasagar G.M.
Published: October 2022

In the present study Limonia acidissima Groff. ethanolic leaves extract was used for the detection of its antidermatophytic assay. It results broad spectrum of antifungals and antibacterial. Where the antimycotic activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporium gypseum, Candida albicans and four Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more pronounced. The effective antidermatophytic activity observed against M. gypseum, T. tonsurans,E. coli and B. subtilis. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of all the test microbes was determined using broth dilution technique. MFC, MBC also standardized. Preliminary Phytochemical tests were carried for the revealing basics antimicrobial responsible molecules of secondary metabolites.
An Assessment of the Functional Properties, Proximate Composition, Sensory Evaluation and Rheological Value of Gari Fortified with Bambara Groundnut Flour (Voandzeia subterranean Thouars)
Authors: Bankole Y.O. , Tanimola O.A. , Odunukan R.O. , Samuel D.O.
Published: October 2022

Gari fortified with Bambara Groundnut Flour (BGF) was assessed for its proximate composition, functional properties, sensory evaluation and Rheological properties. Four samples: 100% gari (coded SLY), 90% gari with 10% BGF (coded ATS), 85% gari with 15% BGF (coded FEA), and 80% gari with 20% BGF (coded ROT) were examined for the parameters listed above. The proximate analysis showed that the protein content ranges between 0.98-4.68%, fat content 1.10-2.60%, ash content 1.82-2.90%, crude fibre 2.30-2.42%. This showed an increase on addition of BGF while the carbohydrate content ranges between 78.20-83.5 %, moisture 11.60-12.6% and acidity 0.40-0.60, all showed a decrease in value on adding BGF. Rheological value showed that the peak viscosity ranges between 106.17-177.17, trough viscosity 98.33-161.00, breakdown 7.83-16.71, final viscosity 150.50-251.67, set back 52.17-90.67 and pasting time between 6.87-6.93. All these varied inversely with the quantity of BGF added. Pasting temperature showed slight variation which was not dependent on the amount of BGF added. It ranges from 79.2-80.02 °C. Sensory evaluation showed that there were significant differences in the samples examined.
(Nano)Technology for Managing Plant Organisms with the Help of Targeted Impact Using the Signals of the Physical Nature
Authors: Karpachev V.V. , Voropaeva N.L. , Belonozhkina T.G. , Naumov E.V. , Vasilev M.M. , Petrov O.F. , Figovsky Oleg L.
Published: October 2022

One of the major problems of agricultural production has been to improve the sowing qualities of seeds to increase yields of various crops. In this regard, of particular interest is the control technology of vegetable organisms by "address the impact of" signals of the physical nature. Plasma treatment of seeds influences the growth and development of the amaranth. The effectiveness of treatment depends on the exposure time of the exposure. The largest positive treatment effect of the plasma on the growth, development and yield of amaranth has been observed when the exposure 60 seconds, leading to increased yields.
Wireless Networks for Medical Applications
Authors: Pahalson Cornelius A.D.
Published: October 2022

With recent developments in the wireless networks field, new and innovative medical applications based on this technology are being developed in the research as well as commercial sectors. This trend has just started and the paper predict wireless networks are going to become an integral part of medical solutions due to its benefits in cutting down healthcare costs and increasing accessibility for patients as well as increasing the efficiency of the healthcare professionals. Same papers give some background on applications of wireless networks in the medical field and discuss the issue and challenges. It also tried to identify some of the standards in use. Another contribution due to this paper is the identification of innovative medical applications of wireless networks developed or currently being developed in the research and business sectors and also talk about the future trends in this field.
Phyto-Availability of Potentially Toxic Metals in Curcubita ficifolia Grown on Contaminated and Non-Contaminated Soils
Authors: Enenebeaku Conrad K. , Anyanwu Chidozie N. , Okorocha Nnaemeka J. , Enenebeaku Uchechi E. , Nzediegwu Emmanuel , Ogukwe Cynthia E.
Published: October 2022

In order to estimate plant available fraction of metals in two soil samples-contaminated soil (A) and non-contaminated soil (B), a vegetable crop, Curcubita ficifolia was grown on both soil samples. The matured leaf was harvested and analyzed for its metal concentration after three (3) months of growth. The soil samples were collected before and after planting, digested with acid and analyzed to determine the pseudo total metal concentration and quantification was done using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). To correlate metal accumulation by the vegetable with potential bioavailability of metals in soils, sequential extraction (SE) using the modified BCR technique was performed on the soils. Soil sample B was used for quality control. It was observed that each metal differed considerably in uptake. And the C. ficifolia cultivated on soil sample A had tissue concentrations of Zn, Mn and Cu as follows: 39.6mgkg-1, 18.3mgkg-1and 26.3mgkg-1 respectively. Also, C. ficifolia cultivated on soil sample B had a lower absorption of Zn, Mn and Cu with concentrations of 10.21mgkg-1, 9.11mgkg-1, and 7.6mgkg-1 respectively. Results of sequential extraction showed that Zn for soil sample A, and Fe for sample B were mostly present in the acid exchangeable and reducible fractions where these metals were mostly taken up.
Observation of the Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) at the National Space Centre, Malaysia
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Monstein C. , Wan Zulkifli W.N.A. , Ibrahim M.B. , Arifin N.S. , Amran N.A.
Published: October 2022

Important results of the Radio Frequencies Interference (RFI) at the National Space Centre, Sg Lang Selangor, Malaysia has been reported. In order to make sure that the data of solar monitoring in radio region is reliable, we need to study the variation of interference and the possible sources that contribute to this interference. This data has been taken from 1-2000 MHz at the main site of installation e-CALLISTO system. The study is one of a main part of an initiative of e-CALLISTO networking research in order to identify the main RFI sources and to monitor continuously the behavior of the RFI at the site. Our main objective is to qualify the potential of monitoring a continuous radio emission of the Sun. This work is also an initiative of the International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) project where Malaysia is one of the countries that joined the e-CALLISTO network. Due to our results this site showed the positive impact for the solar monitoring purpose. It is hoped that the survey will continue from time to time in a consistent mode so that any polluted signal for radio astronomy purpose can be protected. Overall, we can still get a good solar burst data, especially at 40-400 MHz. Perhaps, we can contribute the good data for solar burst monitoring towards the maximum cycle beginning the end of this year 2013
Induced Physical Mutagenesis and its Effect in Cytological Behavior of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal)
Authors: Bharathi T. , Gnanamurthy S. , Dhanavel D. , Ariraman M.
Published: October 2022

The mitotic effect of physical mutagen gamma rays was observed in the root tip cells of Ashwagandha. The Chromosome analysis has been showed as an important tool for establish variability of the plant seed by use of physical mutagen gamma rays. The gamma rays have of low wavelength and high penetrable power. The plant has tremendous medicinal values and it is known from ancient times. The dry and well matured seeds of ashwagandha were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays viz., 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 KR respectively. The chromosome number of control plant is 2n = 48. The gamma rays affect the normal cytological behavior of ashwagandha species. The chromosomal aberrations increase with increase in the doses of gamma rays to optimum level of 30KR, because it causes changes in the chromosome structure, cellular structure and metabolism of plants. The chromosome aberration like, Sticky metaphase, Precocious moment chromosome, Fragments, Anaphasic bridge, Anaphasic laggard, Telophasic laggard. The present investigation was carried out to study the cytogenetic analysis of the species Withania somnifera. The chromosomal aberration increases with increase in the doses to optimum level (50 KR) of physical mutagen gamma rays.
Determination of Bispyribac Sodium 10% SC (Herbicide) Residue Level in Straw, Grain and Soil Using HPLC Method
Authors: Tamilselvan C. , Joseph S. John , Angayarkanni V.
Published: October 2022

A field trial was conducted to evaluate the residues of Bispyribac sodium 10 % SC on rice crop during Kharif season 2013 at Kandikai in Thiruvallur District, Tamilnadu, India. Randomized block design was followed withthree treatments forthree replicates. Bispyribac sodium 10 % SC 200 g a.i./ha, 500 g a.i./ha and control (water spray) was sprayed using hand operated Maax battery sprayer with a spray volume of 300 litres per hectare at 15 days after transplantation of rice crop (ADT 45). At harvest, samples of grain, straw and soil were collected replicate wise from each treatment along with the control. These samples were stored in icebox and transfer to the laboratory under cooled condition for analysis.All the residues samples were analyzed for Bispyribac sodium content by a validated HPLC method at the minimum detectable concentration of 0.01 ppm. The result revealed that no detectable level of Bispyribac sodium in straw, grain and soil at harvest. Thepost treatmentand pre-harvest intervalwas 60 days after transplantation.
Using Basaltic Tuff for Decreasing the Growth Activity of Cyanobacteria
Authors: Cheban Larysa , Marchenko Mykhailo
Published: October 2022

The atricle is devoted to the study of the cultivation of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing, Microcystis pulverea (H.C.Wood) Forti. in the presence of basalt tuff. The possibility of using basalt tuff as an adsorbing material for regulating the number of cyanobacteria and preventing toxic “water bloom” in fluid circuits. The study analyzes the change in the biomass amount and the dynamics of the proportion of dead cyanobacteria in response to the presence of basalt tuff in the culture medium. It is noted that the use of basalt tuff leads to a decrease in the growth activity of cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa, Microcystis pulverea, manifested in an increase in the number of dead cells and slowdown the accumulation of cyanobacterial biomass. These effects are the result of a decrease in the amount of available nitrogen in the nutrient medium.
Using X-Ray Fluoresces Analysis to Assess Level of Major and Trace Elements in Cultivated Vegetables at Baghdad City
Authors: Mutter Mahdi M.
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was determine the current levels of major and a trace element in vegetables was grown in Baghdad city, two region check in this study (Al-Taji, north of Baghdad and Al-Rashid south of Baghdad). Qualitative X-ray fluorescence analysis was used as technique for analysis of samples. Six different samples of plant are selected to study, which was tubers, leafy and fruiting. Samples checking was Lettuce, Bean, Apples, Potato, Cabbage and pear. Elements analysis as major elements were (Ca, K and Mn) and trace elements were (Fe, Cu, Pb, Sr and Zn). Results showed that concentrations of elements are in relative agree with the concentrations in neighbor countries and the standards of IAEU.
Preservation of Quality of Table Eggs Using Vegetable Oil and Shea Butter
Authors: Okiki Pius , Ahmed Olumide
Published: October 2022

The poultry industry in Nigeria keeps expanding on a daily basis and it is faced with the problem of egg glut almost yearly. Most of the poultry are raised in rural environments where there is no available and avoidable power supply for egg preservation. The study was aimed at using locally available and cheap materials for preservation of eggs quality under the hot ambient temperature. The eggs were divided into three groups of 80 eggs each. The first and second groups were treated with vegetable oil (soybean oil) and shea butter, respectively, while the third group served as control. The eggs were stored under the ambient conditions and assessed for their physical and nutritional qualities on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43 and 50. The physical quality was assessed by determining the albumen height and the Haugh’s unit, while the nutritional quality was appraised through the protein concentration of the albumen. Based on the values of Haugh’s unit, eggs treated with vegetable oil produced excellent results; good quality eggs were obtained up to 50th day of storage. Treatment with shea butter maintained quality eggs up to the 29th day, while with untreated eggs good physical quality was maintained up to 22nd day of storage. Protein concentrations of eggs in the three groups studied decline with duration of storage, however the protein concentrations of eggs treated with vegetable oil were significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.001). The eggs treated with shea butter recorded a comparative higher protein concentrations than the untreated eggs (p=0.002).
Ethological Study of Flower Visiting Insects in Two Parks, Kolkata, India
Authors: Sarkar Subhodeep , Nandy Abantika , Talapatra Soumendra Nath
Published: October 2022

Flower visiting insects attract by the flowers colour, shape, size and fragrance as pollinator. This is a mutual relationship between flowers and insects. The present study aims to know behavioural response or ethology of flower visiting insect in relation to particular flower and/or probable atmospheric changes in two managed parks, Kolkata, India. The study areas were selected as per heavily-populated neighborhoods, nearby office buildings, nearby roads and continuous vehicular movements, human interactions as visitors. The study was carried out at 2 sampling stations viz (i) Elliot park and (ii) Agri-Horticulture Society. The flower species were selected viz. Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Petunia sp. (petunia) and Buganvilia spectabilis (Buganvilia) planting above mentioned areas because these species are more common among other species. In each flower, behavioural response or ethology of visiting insects were studied by visual observation and total 10 flowers of each species were observed randomly. The present results clearly indicate that various insects were majorly showed foraging and feeding behaviour and only mating behaviour was found in two species. This study is a preliminary assessment of flower visiting insects’ ethology but further researches are needed in relation to pollination efficiencies of flower visiting insects in the particular flower and air pollution load nearby area by using instruments. It was concluded that insect visitors are showing foraging and feeding behavior but only two species were showed mating behaviour, which may be due to the vehicular air pollution because two parks are located nearby roads and continuous vehicular movements were observed.
Psycho-Emotional and Functional State in the Process of Intuitive Thinking
Authors: Tretyak Tatyana , Dregval Igor , Severynovska Olena V.
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to studying the mechanisms of regulating physiological maintenance of mental processes and the possibility of Kirlian photography for assessing psycho-emotional state with intuitive thinking. While doing the tasks connected with the intuition, the students with the low level of intuitive thinking demonstrated the increase in the degree of filling blood hemoglobin with oxygen (saturation) and the increase in heart systole rate (HSR). The change of the indices of the heart rhythm variability – the mode decrease with the simultaneous increase in the mode amplitude and the vegetative indices – indicates the activation of both sympathetic and central mechanisms of mental processes regulation. The tension index of the regulatory systems (RS) allows us to judge about the mental process activity. The students were in the state of the compensated distress.
All indices of the heart rhythm variability of the students with the medium intuition level indicate the central mechanisms of regulating the intuitive thinking processes. The increase in saturation, increased RS on the background of HSR decrease in the students of this group reveals a special functional state connected with the doubled control over the processes.
The area of the Kirlian luminescence crown around the right hand forth finger is increased in all students with intuitive thinking. The energetic luminescence degree of the corresponding finger reveals the level of development of this kind of thinking: the higher the level of intuitive thinking, the more the luminescence area. Due to its high sensitivity, the Kirlian method can be applied for revealing the student’s individuality that is not identified by the psychological tests.
Study on Haloalkaliphilic Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterium for Thiosulfate Removal in Treatment of Sulfidic Spent Caustic
Authors: Makzum Somaye , Amoozegar Mohammad Ali , Dastgheib Seyed Mohammad Mehdi , Babavalian Hamid , Tebyanian Hamid , Shakeri Fatemeh
Published: October 2022

Due to the disadvantages of physiochemical methods for sulfidic spent caustic treatment, attentions are drawn to the environmental-friendly biotreatments including sulfur-oxidizing halo-alkaliphiles. Thioalkalivibrio versutus DSM 13738 was grown at alkaline (pH10) autotrophic medium with sodium carbonate/bicarbonate as the sole source of carbon and amended with sodium thiosulfate as the electron and energy source. The effect of various parameters including temperature (25-40 °C), pH (8-11), NaCl concentration (0.5-5 % w/v) and sodium thiosulfate concentrations (100-750 mM) was evaluated on bacterial growth and thiosulfate removal. This strain could eliminate sodium thiosulfate at very high concentrations up to 750 mM. The results showed that the highest specific growth rate was pH 9.5 and thiosulfate removal of Thioalkalivibrio versutus occurred at pH 10.5. The optimum salt concentration for thiosulfate removal was 2.5 % w/v and 5 % NaCl and specific growth rate elevated 2.5% w/v. It was also specified that this strain thrives occurred in 37 °C and at 35 and 37 °C higher removal of thiosulfate. Following chemical oxidation of sulfide to thiosulfate, application of Thioalkalivibrio versutus could be promising for spent caustic treatment. Since thiosulfate is utilized as an energy source, highest removal efficiency occurred at marginally different conditions compared to optimal growth.
Effect of Bergenin on the Kidney of C57BL/6J Mice with High Fat-Diet Induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Ambika Sagadevan , Saravanan Ramalingam
Published: October 2022

The present study evaluated the protective effect of bergenin on high fat diet (HFD) induced diabetic mice. C57BL/6J mice were segregated in two groups, one fed standard diet (NC) and the other fed HFD for 16 weeks. Mice were fed continuously with high fat diet for 16 weeks and subjected to intragastric administration of bergenin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight (BW)), metformin (25 mg/kg BW) 9 to 16 weeks. At the end of the treatment nephritic markers, lipid peroxidation product, antioxidant and histopathological examination were carried out to assess the efficacy of the treatment. HFD fed mice showed increased plasma glucose, insulin, altered nephritic markers, antioxidant and histopathological abnormalities. Oral Treatment with bergenin (40 mg/kg BW) showed near normalized levels of plasma glucose, lipid peroxidation product, antioxidants, improved insulin and reduced kidney damage. The effects of bergenin were comparable with standard drug, metformin. These data suggest that bergenin protect kidney from deleterious effect of glucose.
Reproductive Phenology and Size Structure Characteristics of Hypseleotris agilis (Herre, 1927) in Lake Mainit, Philippines
Authors: Jumawan Joycelyn C. , Hidalgo Paula Marie , Seronay Romell A.
Published: October 2022

Hypseleotris agilis locally known as Bugwan is a native species and one of the most abundant fishes of commercial value in Lake Mainit, Philippines. A total of 1,584 H. agilis from Lake Mainit near the mouth of Kalinawan and Puyo River were caught from May 2018 to February 2019 to determine the length-weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (K), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of this species. Positive allometric growth was observed for both sexes (b>3). Sex ratio indicated the dominance of males over females as much as 58.7%. The number of ripe males and gravid females was observed throughout the months of the collection, which indicates the ability of the fish species to spawn continuously throughout the year. Determination of GSI in both sexes showed higher values during November (males) and December (females). However, HSI values were relatively low during the spawning season, which would indicate the usage of energy for gonadal maturation. The K factor showed high values during the peak spawning months, directly proportional to GSI values. This study provides updated information for management and conservation of this important fishery resource in Lake Mainit.
In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Citrus aurantifolia Linn Plant Extracts against Phytopathogenic Fungi Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: Balamurugan S.
Published: October 2022

The aqueous extracts of leaf of Citrus aurantifolia L were assessed in vitro for inhibitory activity against Macrophominaphaseolina isolated from dry root rot specimens of Gingelly. The antifungal activity was determined by poison food technique. The extracts have shown dose dependent inhibition of mycelial growth of test fungi. The extracts were more effective in inhibiting Macrophominaphaseolina. The extracts of Citrus aurantifolia were found effective against Gingelly dry root rot pathogens. Further field experiments are to be carried out to recommend the extracts against the disease.
Changes in Biomass of the Species Cupressus arizonica Affected by Zinc Metal
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Armin
Published: October 2022

The matter of soil pollution by heavy metals caused to increase of concerns about environment. The present study has been done by the aim of investigation on zinc metal accumulation on Cupressus arizonica. To achieving this goal the one-year Cupressus arizonica species seedlings were placed in vases. After the passage of each 55-day time periods from the growth of seedlings, the shoot, root and soil of seedlings were sampled. Results were studied using ANOVA test and Duncan test. The lowest concentration rate of zinc in Cupressus arizonica species organs in the first time period in the shoot and root was 5 g and 1.9 g, respectively and in the second time period in the shoot and root was 2 g and 1.6 g, respectively. Based on the researches, Cupressus arizonica species appropriate for refining zinc metal polluted soils.