bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Markovian Gravitational Decoherence and the Black Hole Information Paradox
Authors: Li Yuanxin
Published: November 2024

An isolated system always evolves according to unitary evolution and maintain coherence. However the system inevitably interacts with the environment, information about the relative phases between the quantum states leaks into the environment and becomes delocalized (known as environment-induced decoherence). Here we consider the gravitational decoherence of a quantum system near the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. We show that the gravitational decoherence is non-Markovian, which is consistent with information conservation and the unitarity of quantum mechanics. Moreover, taking the point of view that information on the collapsed matter is stored as the quantum fluctuation of the horizon, the horizon can be regarded as an “uncertain” quantum object instead of random fluctuations of gravitons. Now the Hawking radiation bath plays the role of the environment, leading to the decoherence of the horizon. Therefore, information about the location of the horizon, or equivalently information about the collapsed matter, is carried away by the Hawking radiation. We also investigate the time dependence of the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation.
Towards a Transdisciplinary Epistemology of the Mode 4: Decolonizing Knowledge Production in African Missiology
Authors: Moleka Pitshou
Published: November 2024

This pioneering article offers a sweeping, paradigm-shifting exploration of the revolutionary emergence of "Mode 4" knowledge production—a fundamental reconceptualization of the epistemological, organizational, and methodological foundations of research and innovation within the field of African missiology. Drawing on cutting-edge theoretical frameworks from post-normal science, sustainability science, the science of integration, decolonial studies, and postcolonial theory, this work argues that Mode 4 represents a transformative leap towards a more collaborative, transdisciplinary, and adaptive approach to knowledge creation—one that holds the potential to catalyze a profound and lasting transformation in the way African missionaries conceive of, organize, and mobilize research to address the complex, interconnected challenges facing their communities. At the heart of this paradigm shift lies the groundbreaking "decuple helix" framework, which expands the scope of stakeholder engagement and knowledge co-creation to incorporate a comprehensive range of actors, from academia and industry to marginalized communities, the natural environment, and international organizations. By situating this revolutionary approach within the context of African missiology, the article delves deeply into the multifaceted roles and invaluable contributions of this diverse array of stakeholders, demonstrating how their active integration can unlock the transformative power of collaborative, values-oriented research and innovation for decolonizing and reimagining missionary praxis.
The Theology of Innovation: Unveiling the Divine Spark in Human Creativity
Authors: Moleka Pitshou
Published: November 2024

This article presents a comprehensive exploration of the emerging field of the "theology of innovation," which seeks to reframe the understanding of human creativity and technological progress within a theological and spiritual framework. Drawing from diverse sources, including biblical hermeneutics, the spirituality of innovation, the ethics of innovation, and the inspiration of spiritual intelligence, the article unveils the divine spark that animates the innovative impulse. Engaging in dialogue with contemporary thinkers from various disciplines, as well as the groundbreaking work of Congolese scholar Pitshou Moleka and his transdisciplinary science of "innovationology," this article offers a transformative vision for innovation that celebrates its sacred nature and its role in the ongoing work of the divine Creator. By embracing a holistic, spiritually-informed approach to innovation, this paradigm shift empowers us to navigate the complexities of the modern world with a renewed sense of purpose, responsibility, and reverence for the creative potential embedded within the human condition.
Two New Diterpenoids Formed by Transannular Diels-Alder Cycloaddition from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton tortuosum and Their Antibacterial and PPAR-β Agonist Activities
Authors: Sun Min , Li Song-Wei , Zeng Jian-Ang , Guo Yue-Wei , Wang Chang-Yun , Su Ming-Zhi
Published: November 2024

Two new cembrane-derived tricyclic diterpenes belonging to the sarcophytin family, namely 4a-hydroxy-chatancin (1) and sarcotoroid (2), together with two known related ones (3 and 4), were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum collected off Ximao Island in the South China Sea. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum mechanical nuclear magnetic resonance (QM-NMR) method, time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD) calculation, X-ray diffraction analysis and comparison with the reported data in the literature. A plausible biosynthetic pathway of compounds 1–4 was proposed by undergoing a transannular Diels-Alder cycloaddition. In bioassay, the new compound 1 displayed significantly inhibitory activities against fish pathogens Streptococcus parauberis KSP28, oxytetracycline-resistant Streptococcus parauberis SPOF3K, and Photobacterium damselae FP2244 with the MIC values of 9.1, 9.1, and 18.2 μg/mL, respectively. Besides, by a luciferase reporter assay on rat liver Ac2F cells, compounds 1, 3 and 4 were evaluated for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) transcriptional activity, and compound 3 showed selective PPAR-β agonist activity at concentration of 10 μΜ.
Miniaturization Potential of Additive Manufactures 3D-MID Components Produced by Stereolithography
Authors: Piechulek Niklas , Xu Lei , Fröhlich Jan , Bründl Patrick , Franke Jörg
Published: November 2024

In this research, 3D Mechatronic Integrated Devices (3D-MID) components are fabricated using Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing and laser direct structuring (LDS) technologies. A process flow for 3D-MID fabrication based on SLA technology is developed to explore the miniaturization potential of these components. The results demonstrates that electric circuits can be successfully formed on substrates printed with resin mixed with LDS additives, following the laser structuring and metallization processes. The introduction of vias and the use of different packaging types enables the circuit to be miniaturized, with a minimum distance of 150 µm between conductive tracks, and the usage of BGA surface-mounted devices. The 3D-MID components based on SLA 3D printing technology exhibit significant potential for miniaturization, not only facilitating the integration of complex circuits and high-precision wiring but also offering broad support for the development of miniaturized electronic devices and systems.
Comparison Between Numerical-and Experimental Methodologies for Total Enthalpy Determination in Scirocco PWT
Authors: Smoraldi Antonio , Cutrone Luigi
Published: November 2024

Arc-jet facility tests are critical for replicating the extreme thermal conditions encountered during high-speed planetary entry, where the precise determination of flow enthalpy is essential. Despite its importance, a systematic comparison of methods for determining enthalpy in the Scirocco Plasma Wind Tunnel had not yet been conducted. This study evaluates three experimental techniques—the sonic throat method, the heat balance method, and the heat transfer method—under various operating conditions in the Scirocco facility, employing a nozzle C configuration (10° half-angle conical nozzle with a 90 cm exit diameter). These methods are compared with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to address discrepancies between experimental and predicted enthalpy and heat flux values. Significant deviations between measured and simulated results prompted a reassessment of the numerical and experimental models. Initially, the Navier-Stokes model, which assumes chemically reacting, non-equilibrium flows and fully catalytic copper walls, underestimated the heat flux. By incorporating partial catalytic behavior for the copper probe surface, the CFD results showed better agreement with the experimental data, providing a more accurate representation of heat flux and flow enthalpy within the test environment.
Virtual Reality as an Aid Determining Cognitive Load
Authors: Guerrón-Paredes Nancy , Cobo Antonio , Serrano José Javier , Guerra-Cruz Luis Alberto , Maestre-Rendón Juan Rodolfo
Published: November 2024

Blind people suffer from stress and anxiety when they must go to an unfamiliar place. Using virtual reality applications allowed these people to become familiar with the new environment. In this study four virtual reality applications with different cognitive interfaces were developed to walk through a test maze and an auditory deferred memory task was added to establish the cognitive load required by the participants. The evidence supports a 4.3% decrease in cognitive load for participants using interface 2 compared to those using interface 1. The time taken to go through the maze was statistically significant when using the application built with interface 2, with a p-value of 0.04. The success in completing the maze was 21.43% higher when participants used interface 2 compared to interface 1.
Management of High Urogenital Sinus in Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hammad Muhammed A Moukhtar , Samaan Nardeen Magdy , Ghoniem Gamal
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Persistent urogenital sinus (PUGS) is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from disruptions in urogenital development during embryogenesis, with an incidence of approximately 6/100,000 females. Characterized by the confluence of the vaginal canal and urethra into a single channel, it poses diagnostic and management challenges, particularly in adult patients. Surgical correction remains the primary treatment at an early age, yet there are no universally accepted guidelines regarding treatment at later stages in life. We explored current evidence on the management of high urogenital sinus (HUGS) in adults, focusing on surgical techniques, outcomes, perioperative care, and follow-up. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, including studies published up to August 2024. Search terms included "high urogenital sinus," "adult patients," and related conditions. Articles were included if they addressed clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic data on HUGS in adult populations. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, and a PRISMA flow diagram was used to outline the study selection process. Results: Nine studies met inclusion criteria, with data on surgical techniques, perioperative care, and long-term outcomes extracted for analysis. The included studies highlighted diverse surgical approaches such as feminizing genitoplasty, buccal mucosa vaginoplasty, posterior prone techniques, and robotic-assisted urogenital sinus mobilization. Complications like vaginal stenosis, urethrovaginal fistula, and urinary incontinence were reported. Long-term outcomes were underreported, with limited data on sexual function and patient satisfaction. Hormonal therapies, including glucocorticoids played critical roles in managing cases associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Conclusions: The management of HUGS requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating advanced surgical techniques and individualized perioperative care. While short-term outcomes are generally favorable, long-term data on sexual function and quality of life remain scarce. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies to address these gaps, aiming to optimize surgical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and psychosocial well-being.
Exploring Feed Efficiency in Beef Cattle: From Data Collection to Genetic and Nutritional Modeling
Authors: Ojo Ayooluwa O. , Mulim Henrique A. , Campos Gabriel S. , Junqueira Vinícius Silva , Lemenager Ronald P , Schoonmaker Jon Patrick , Oliveira Hinayah Rojas
Published: November 2024

Increasing feed efficiency in beef cattle is critical for meeting the growing global demand for beef while managing rising feed costs and environmental impacts. This review examines the progression from traditional data collection methods to modern genetic and nutritional approaches that enhance feed efficiency. We first discuss the technological advancements that allow precise measurement of individual feed intake and efficiency, providing valuable insights for research and industry. The role of genomic selection in identifying and breeding feed-efficient animals is then explored, emphasizing the benefits of integrating multi-population data to improve prediction accuracy. Additionally, the paper highlights the importance of nutritional models that could be used synergistically with genomic selection, allowing for optimized feed management in diverse production systems. Combining these approaches provides a roadmap for reducing input costs and promoting a more sustainable beef industry.
Using a Hand‐Held Icterometer to Screen for Neonatal Jaundice: Validation, Feasibility, and Acceptability of the Bili‐RulerTM in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Bakari Ashura , Wolski Ann V , Otoo Benjamin , Amoah Rexford , Nakua Emmanuel K , Jacovetty Jacob , Kaselitz Elizabeth , Compton Sarah D , Moyer Cheryl A
Published: November 2024

Background: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) remains a leading cause of newborn mortality in much of sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to examine the validity of using a hand-held icterometer as a screening tool to determine which newborns need further assessment. Additionally, we sought to assess the feasibility of its use among mothers.
Methods: We recruited and trained healthcare workers at one large district hospital in Ghana to use a hand-held icterometer known as the Bili-RulerTM. We recruited mothers of 341 newborns aged 0 to 2 weeks at the same hospital. Mothers watched a standardized training video, after which they blanched the skin of the newborn’s nose and compared it with the yellow shades numbered one to six on the icterometer. Each newborn was also assessed with a transcutaneous bilirubin meter (TCB). Research assistants and health care workers screened the same newborns, recorded their scores separately, and were blinded to each other's readings. In the second phase of the study, we recruited 100 new mothers to take the Bili-Ruler home with them, instructing them to check their newborns twice daily. We interviewed them 1-2 weeks later to determine the acceptability and feasibility of its use.
Results: Out of 341 newborns screened, 20 had elevated TCB indicative of hyperbilirubinemia. Healthcare workers’ Bili-Ruler ratings had a strong and significant correlation with TCB scores, as did the ratings of researchers and mothers. When comparing Bili-Ruler scores against TCB, sensitivity across all three raters was 80% (95% CI 75.6-84.3), specificity ranged from 61.1% (healthcare providers) to 66.7% (researchers), positive predictive value ranged from 11.4% (healthcare providers) to 13.0% (researchers), and negative predictive value was 98.0% or higher across all raters. Area Under the ROC Curve ranged from 0.71 for healthcare providers to 0.73 for researchers. Mothers AUC was 0.72. In terms of acceptability and feasibility, the Bili-Ruler was widely accepted by the mothers and family. 98% of mothers reported using it, and 90.8% used it 3 or more days in the first week after birth. 89.8% used it more than twice per day.
Conclusions: A hand-held, low tech icterometer is an important potential mechanism for improving early jaundice identification in low-resource settings. Further studies using larger sample sizes with a higher prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia are warranted.
A Perspective on Optimizing the Productive and Environmental Performance in Southern Italian Olive Groves: Analyzing the Impact of Organic Fertilizers and Seasonal Irrigation Management on Yield, Water Footprint, and Water Efficiency
Authors: Garofalo Pasquale , Gaeta Liliana , Vitti Carolina , Giglio Luisa , Leogrande Rita
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of various irrigation regimes and organic fertilizers on olive cultivation productivity and environmental sustainability. Experimental results showed that olive trees fertilized with biochar yielded an average of 2640 kg ha-1, while those fertilized with a commercial product based on dry blood resulted in lower yields of 1820 kg ha-1. Significant productivity gains were observed under irrigation, particularly with the fully watered regime, which nearly doubled yields compared to non-irrigated trees. The study also highlighted the influence of irrigation on water use efficiency, with water consumption metrics varying notably among different fertilization treatments. The water footprint analysis indicated that the most sustainable option, characterized by the lowest water footprint, did not consistently align with productivity gains, emphasizing the need for integrated management strategies. An analysis of marginal irrigation use efficiency revealed that optimizing irrigation volumes improved productivity while providing substantial water savings. A scoring system was employed to standardize various parameters, enabling direct comparisons of irrigation and fertilization treatments. Ultimately, the results suggested that biochar, in combination with deficit irrigation strategies, could enhance both productivity and sustainability in olive farming, with the strategy of ceasing irrigation at the pit hardening phase achieving the highest aggregated score for management effectiveness. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing irrigation and fertilization practices to promote environmentally sustainable agricultural systems in Mediterranean climates.
Cholesterol and Bone Resorption: Yet Another Link Between The Bone and Cardiovascular Systems
Authors: Klein Gordon L. L
Published: November 2024

This review examines the relationships between cholesterol and bone resorption. It seeks to elucidate the dependence of bone turnover on cholesterol metabolism by highlighting the common inhibitory effect of both statins and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates on cholesterol biosynthesis and bone resorption as well as on bone density. Moreover, this paper also discusses the epidemiologic studies of the effects of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality using the latest publications to reinforce the relationships between bone resorption and cardiovascular disease. The review will also discuss the role of lipoproteins in supplying cholesterol to both osteoclasts and osteoblasts and the effects of doing so on both these bone cells and their precursors. As inflammation is a major factor in both bone resorption and cardiovascular calcification, this article will also discuss the role of cholesterol in triggering inflammatory responses. Finally, the paper will raise questions unanswered to date that bear on the relationship between lipid metabolism, bone resorption and cardiovascular disease.
Harnessing Radiation for Nanotechnology: A Comprehensive Review of Techniques, Innovations and Application
Authors: Islam Mobinul , Ahmed Md. Shahriar , Yun Sua , Kim Hae Yong , Nam Kyung-Wan
Published: November 2024

Nanomaterial properties such as size, structure, and composition can be controlled by manipulating radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and electron beams. This control allows scientists to create materials with desired properties that can be used in a wide range of applications, from electronics to medicine. This use of radiation for nanotechnology is revolutionizing the way we design and manufacture materials. Additionally, radiation-induced nanomaterials are more cost-effective and energy-efficient. This technology is also having a positive impact on the environment, as materials are being produced with fewer emissions, less energy, and less waste. This cutting-edge technology is opening up new possibilities and has become an attractive option for many industries, from medical advancements to energy storage. It is also helping to make the world a better place by reducing our carbon footprint and preserving natural resources. This review aims to meticulously point out the synthesis approach and highlights significant progress in generating radiation-induced nanomaterials with tunable and complex morphologies. This comprehensive review article is essential for researchers to design innovative materials for advancements in health care, electronics, energy storage, and environmental remediation.
Degree of Teachers’ Adaptation to Digital Teacher Skills Considering Sustainable Professional Development
Authors: Bani Ahmad Fadi
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to assess the degree of adaptation of teachers to the skills of the digital teacher in the context of sustainable professional development. The researcher adopted Qualitative research methods that were used. The research was carried out with 10 teacher educators from different departments. Pre- and post-interviews were conducted to evaluate the degree of teachers' adaptation to digital teacher skills considering sustainable professional development. A study tool consisting of three open-ended questions was prepared, and its validity and reliability were verified. The study revealed that teachers need to develop digital skills to improve teaching performance. It highlighted the necessity of offering diverse, up-to-date training programs that integrate digitalization into education. Additionally, some teachers showed a low degree of adaptation to digital teaching skills due to a lack of awareness. The findings indicated a need for teachers to enhance their digital skills to improve teaching performance. The study underscored the importance of providing diverse and up-to-date training programs that incorporate digitalization into educational practices. Additionally, it was observed that some teachers exhibited a low degree of adaptation to digital teaching skills due to limited awareness. Based on these findings, the study recommended the implementation of in-service teacher training programs focused on digital applications, as well as the establishment of essential digital and human infrastructure to facilitate greater adaptation to digital teaching skills.
Burden of First-Time Cancer Diagnoses on Emergency Care, A Retrospective Study
Authors: Corlade-Andrei Mihaela , Iacobescu Radu-Alexandru , Popa Viorica , Hauta Alexandra , Nedelea Paul , Ciuntu Roxana , Sova Andreea-Ivona , Grigorasi Gabriela , Puticiu Monica , Cimpoeşu Diana Carmen
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: The incidence and prevalence of cancers are increasing worldwide, with special emphasis placed on prevention, early detection, and the development of new therapeutic strategies that strongly impact patient outcomes. Limited data is available about emergency care's role in diagnosing cancer patients. This study aims to determine the prevalence of novel cancer diagnoses in the emergency department and identify their therapeutic needs. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted to identify patients diagnosed with cancer in the Emergency Department of “St. Spiridon” Hospital between 1st October 2022 and 30th September 2023. The percentage of patients who received a first-time diagnosis during an emergency visit was determined. Clinical factors, such as gender, age, localization of cancer, and the need for hospitalization, were evaluated in relation to the emergency presentation. Results: The rate of cancer presentations to the emergency department was 3.08%. 2318 patients with cancer requested emergent care in the evaluated period, of which 444 (19.15%) were diagnosed for the first time. These patients had a significantly different distribution of cancer types (p<0.001), were more likely to need any form of medical care, to require a specialty consultation, or to be admitted to a ward (OR 2.65, 95% CI: 2.12-3.32; P < 0.001, P < 0.001; OR 3.28, 95% CI: 2.48-4.35, P < 0.001; OR 2.09, 95% CI: 1.70-2.59, respectively). There was a slight increase in the odds of death for de novo cases (OR-1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.02, p = 0.01). Conclusions: A significant number of patients receive a first-time cancer diagnosis in the emergency department. Neoplasms can present symptoms similar to those of other conditions, making diagnosis challenging in the busy and resource-limited environment of the emergency department, where time constraints can limit thorough patient evaluation. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to manage these cases.
How the Implement of Ideological and Political Education of Ecological Civilization (IPE-EC) Could Influence the Academic Performance of Students Major in Environmental Science
Authors: Bai Hongcheng , Wang Xing
Published: November 2024

Promoting active learning and research is vital for improving students' academic performance. This research underscores the significant influence of Ideological and Political Education on Ecological Civilization (IPE-EC) in shaping students' environmental awareness and enhancing their academic outcomes. The results showed that the incorporation of IPE-EC into university curricula has significantly increased the frequency of related educational sessions and the number of relevant courses, thereby deepening students' grasp of ecological concepts and boosting their environmental awareness and involvement. Further model analysis reveals a synergistic relationship between IPE-EC and academic success in enhancing GPA-A. Coupling analysis shows an upward trend in the coordination effects between the two systems, indicating a shift in the primary drivers of academic improvement from mere accumulation of academic achievements to motivation influenced by IPE-EC. These findings provide theoretical insights into optimizing the implementation of ideological and political education within higher education institutions.
Smart Polymer Composites for Electrical Heating: A Review
Authors: Shchegolkov Alexandr Viktorovich , Shchegolkov Aleksei Viktorovich , Kaminskii Vladimir Vladimirovich , Chumak Maxim Alexandrovich
Published: November 2024

The paper presents an overview of conductive polymer composites based on thermosets, ther-moplastics and elastomers modified with carbon nanotubes (CNT). To impart conductive prop-erties to polymers, metal or carbon dispersed materials or their combinations are used. The in-troduction of dispersed materials into polymers is associated with their microstructural proper-ties, as well as polymerization methods. Such polymerization methods as melt mixing, solution technology, introduction of fillers into the liquid phase of the composite with subsequent polymerization due to the use of a catalyst are known. Polymer composites that are capable of conducting electric current and changing their properties under the influence of an electric field, i.e. having one or more functional purposes, are called "smart" or intelligent. One of such applications is electric heating elements with the function of adaptive power consumption or the effect of self-regulation of temperature depending on the surrounding conditions. A wide variety of polymers and dispersed materials with conductive properties determine a wide range of func-tional capabilities of the composite, including a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, which is necessary to control temperature properties. The most effective filler in a polymer for obtaining a composite with specified properties are carbon nanomaterials, in particular CNTs. This is due to the fact that CNTs are a nanosized material that has a high bulk density with a low mass, which allows achieving high electrical conductivity. Calculation of model parameters of polymer composites containing carbon nanostructures can be carried out using neural networks and ma-chine learning, which provide a fundamentally new result.
Miniature Digitalized Ubuntu Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Machine
Authors: LETSIE NTEBELE , Nkune Nkune , Van Zyl Pieter
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the significant barriers to effective dialysis treatment faced by South African patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), a condition affecting an estimated 6.4% to 17.3% of the population, with a disproportionate impact on poorer communities due to socioeconomic disparities and limited healthcare access. The absence of portable and compact Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) systems, particularly in remote areas, severely restricts patient mobility and quality of life. To mitigate these challenges, the Miniature Digitalized Ubuntu APD machine (i.e. lightweight and portable) is developed. It integrates sorbent-based dialysate regeneration technology and digital health features. The research framework employed a multi-disciplinary approach, combining expertise from biomedical and electrical engineering. The main methods involved designing and simulating the APD system, which includes patient-centric features for monitoring, collecting, and optimizing treatment parameters. Key health metrics such as patient vital signs, biochemical markers, and patient-reported outcomes are continuously monitored. The results indicate that the system significantly improves patient outcomes by enhancing treatment efficacy and reducing healthcare costs. The use of sorbent-based dialysate regeneration technology minimizes logistical challenges associated with dialysate transportation and reduces the volume of fluids needed, making the system more environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Thus, this machine has the potential to substantially improve the quality of life and treatment outcomes for CKD patients in South Africa, thereby reducing the burden on healthcare facilities. This innovative device empowers patients through a user-friendly and portable solution, contributing to the sustainability and effectiveness of dialysis treatment.
The Role of Positionality in Enhancing Trustworthiness: A Methodological Framework for Qualitative Researchers
Authors: Saber Abdulmalik
Published: November 2024

Positionality significantly influences the quality and trustworthiness of qualitative research by shaping how researchers engage with participants, collect data, and interpret findings. Despite its importance, many researchers struggle to integrate positionality into their methodological frameworks, particularly when working across diverse cultural or social contexts. This article proposes a methodological framework to address these challenges by systematically incorporating self-reflection, bias identification, transparency, and continuous adaptation throughout the research process. Reflexive tools, such as journaling, peer debriefing, and structured documentation, are emphasized as practical strategies to navigate positional influences and strengthen research rigor. While positionality awareness enhances trustworthiness components like credibility, confirmability, and transferability, challenges persist in balancing personal disclosure with professional boundaries and managing power dynamics in researcher-participant relationships. Recommendations include fostering reflexivity through collaborative practices, leveraging digital tools for systematic documentation, and ensuring ongoing evaluation of positional impacts. By integrating this framework, qualitative researchers can produce more equitable, transparent, and impactful research while addressing the complexities of diverse research settings. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a structured approach to enhancing trustworthiness through positionality, offering practical insights for qualitative researchers in advancing ethical and credible research practices.
The Monumental Impact of OpenAI´s ChatGPT on Scientific Research: Enabling Scholars to Engage in High-Value Intellectual Activities of Systematic Literature Reviews
Authors: Reis João
Published: November 2024

OpenAI's ChatGPT has been reshaping scientific research. Amidst both critical discourse and resounding endorsements, this article explores the transformative potential of ChatGPT in empowering scholars to optimize their research efforts. Anticipating a paradigm shift, this article asserts that the future's most influential academics will excel in adapting and harnessing Artificial Intelligence (AI) to delegate routine tasks. This strategic collaboration enables scholars to focus on high-value intellectual activities, signaling a trajectory where the convergence of human creativity and AI support defines the academic landscape. Contrasting prevailing approaches, where academics often find themselves entangled in non-value-added tasks, this discourse envisions a future marked by a departure from such challenges. Our research unfolds in two dimensions: firstly, it discusses high- and low-value intellectual activities in scientific research, and secondly, guides the development of custom software that integrates Python and ChatGPT to elaborate on and automate low-value activities. Acknowledging the complexity of universally defining added value across all academic methodologies, our focus is on systematic literature reviews. This article serves as an origin guide for scholars venturing into the integration of AI into academic research. It empowers academics to reclaim their focus on high-value intellectual endeavors, fostering a future where technology becomes a collaborative tool in advancing academic pursuits.
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus aureus Uro-Pathogens Among the General Population in Duhok City, Iraq
Authors: Yahya Ali , Muhammed Abdulwahab , Muhammed Gaylan , Ramadan Noor , Mihe Sndi , Yousif Yousif
Published: November 2024

Background and aims: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium responsible for a wide range of infections, colonizing multiple sites in the human body. The rise in antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global public health threat, necessitating urgent intervention from governments and communities. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from urine samples collected at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok, Iraq, focusing on commonly used antibiotics.Methods: Conducted between January 2018 and February 2022, this study analyzed 396 urine samples obtained from patients at Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok province, Iraq. The Staphylococcus aureus strains were identified and tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the VITEK system.Results: Over the 5-year period, Staphylococcus aureus isolates exhibited the highest resistance rates in 2022 and the highest sensitivity rates in 2019. Erythromycin demonstrated the highest resistance (81.82%), while levofloxacin showed the greatest sensitivity (69.4%). Although gender-based differences in susceptibility were minimal, males generally exhibited slightly higher resistance rates than females.Conclusion: The Staphylococcus aureus isolates from urine samples demonstrated varied antibiotic susceptibility patterns, with high resistance to erythromycin, penicillin, and oxacillin, and high sensitivity to levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and vancomycin. Vancomycin exhibited the highest sensitivity, while erythromycin had the lowest. These findings may aid physicians and healthcare providers in selecting appropriate antimicrobial treatments in the region.
Manipulation of Light - A Futuristic Approach to Adjust Growth, Physiology, Nutrient Uptake and Yield Of Crops for Future Food Security Under Changing Climate
Authors: Mustaffa Mohamed Roshan Abu Firnass , Pandian Kannan , Jiang Wei , Govindaraj Sridevi , Rangasamy Anandham , Mohan Prasanthrajan , D Kanjana
Published: November 2024

Globalization and technological advances have brought both challenges and opportunities to plant growth processes. The light spectrum contains various wavelengths and compositions, which play a critical role in the physiological development and yield of plants. Fluctuating light conditions trigger rapid molecular changes in plants, potentially impacting photosynthesis and crop quality. With advances in artificial plant lighting, cell imaging tools, and molecular biology, researchers can now explore the effects of light on plants at the cellular and genetic levels, providing insights into optimizing growth and addressing agricultural challenges. Modern technology empowers farmers to finely manage light in controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Artificial lighting, sunlight manipulation, and hybrid systems offer essential photons for photosynthesis, ensuring a consistent energy supply to plants regardless of natural light availability. Emerging data highlight the pivotal role of light in plant growth and morphology, but the precise mechanisms governing nutrient absorption remain elusive. This review explores the influence of light on crop development, yield, nutrient absorption, and utilization in agricultural and horticultural crops, offering insights to enhance crop production, optimize fertilizer efficiency and maintain global food security under changing climate.
Pioneer Research Paper: How Can the UK Feasibly Reach Its Renewable Energy Targets Given Current Fiscal Constraints and Continued Investment into Fossil Fuels?
Authors: Jayaraman Rohan
Published: November 2024

Under the new Labour leadership, the U.K. has set ambitious targets for renewable energy transition, aiming for 100% clean electricity by 2050. The government has pledged to establish a new publicly owned GB Energy company for electricity generation, raise windfall taxes on large oil and gas companies, and create a National Wealth Fund dedicated to government investment in energy transition. This paper demonstrates the economic benefits of energy transition, using regression models to analyze the role of a country’s renewable energy adoption in reducing household electricity costs and minimizing volatility in energy prices, finding a moderate correlation between these variables across the European Union markets. The larger goal of this paper is to explore how the U.K. government can reach renewable energy targets, given the country’s current budgetary constraints, while maintaining long-term economic stability. To achieve this, the paper simulates the impact of different renewable energy strategies on the U.K.’s budget deficit, before offering recommendations on the government’s energy transition approach. The paper concludes that increased government spending from pledged renewable energy initiatives could lead to an unsustainable budget deficit that is detrimental to the U.K.’s long-term economic health. Therefore, the government should consider greater reliance on private sector investment to drive energy transition efforts. The U.K.’s ability to navigate fiscal constraints while stimulating renewable energy adoption serves as a model for how increased renewable investment can benefit an economy.
Variations in Temperature, pH, and Osmotic Pressure contribute to changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa autofluorescence via mechanisms involving regulation of the pvdD/pvdS gene
Authors: Du Ao , Sun Xiaofen , Dong Meili , Liu Yong , Chen Mingwei , Wang Yuhan , Zhang Yuanzhi , Huang Yao , Li Zhongsheng , Huang Xiang , Wang Yikun , Ni Jingshu
Published: November 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacteria that is frequently detected in chronic wounds. Bacterial infection can impede wound healing and, in severe cases, result in fatalities. Bacterial fluorescence imaging is a technique used to detect the cyan fluorescence emitted by P. aeruginosa, thereby assisting clinicians in improving wound treatment. Our previous observations revealed an intriguing phenomenon whereby bacteria exhibited distinct fluorescence characteristics despite the presence of an identical bacterial load in the wound. To investigate whether these alterations in fluorescence intensity were influenced by varying bacterial environments, we conducted a study using image J software to analyze the changes in fluorescence intensity of P. aeruginosa colonies under different conditions, including temperatures (25°C, 31°C, 37°C, 43°C), pH levels (5, 6, 7, 8, 9), and osmotic pressures (0.9%, 1.8%, 2.7%, 3.6%). Additionally, we assessed the expression levels of pyoverdine synthetase genes (pvdD) and the sigma factor of pyoverdine genes (pvdS), which determine the fluorescence intensity of P. aeruginosa under these varying conditions. Our experimental findings demonstrated that the bacterial fluorescence intensity was significantly influenced by the culture environment, with the ability to be enhanced or attenuated by modifying the growth conditions. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between the fluorescence intensity of the bacteria and the expression level of key enzyme genes. Consequently, when implementing fluorescence imaging systems in clinical settings, it is essential to consider the changes in the wound microenvironment.
Impact of Multi-Scenario Land-Use Changes on Habitat Quality Evolution in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Authors: Dong BoWen , Huang Tiantian , Tang Tao , Huang Delin , Tang Chen
Published: November 2024

Ecosystems worldwide are facing significant challenges resulting from the dual pressures of global climate change and human activities, particularly in terms of significant biodiversity loss associated with land-use change. Focusing on the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), this study uses the System Dynamics (SD) - Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model to simulate land-use development under different scenarios of shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs) from 2030 to 2050. Furthermore, the InVEST model is applied to evaluate changes in habitat quality (HQ) over the period 2000 to 2050. A hotspot analysis further highlights the spatial heterogeneity of HQ within the YREB. The study showed that the land-use pattern in the YREB from 2020 to 2050 will be dominated by cropland in the eastern region, grassland in the north-west, and forest land in the central and southern regions, with a steady increase in built-up land in the east. The HQ index exhibits a gradual increase from east to west, ultimately declining to 0.726 under the SSP585 scenario for 2050. This trend reflects moderate habitat degradation (HD), with the degree of degradation shifting towards lower and higher proportions of HQ. Spatial analysis of HQ further reveals that the eastern region is identified as a cold spot, the central region is categorized as non-significant, while the western region emerges as a hot spot, where HQ exceeds 40%. These findings offer a scientific foundation for promoting high-quality development and enhancing biodiversity conservation in the YREB.
Resilience, Post Traumatic Growth and Transplant Effects Gender Differences Following Liver Transplantation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fernández-Alonso Víctor , Moro-Tejedor María Nieves , Pérez-Gómez Manuela , Leñero-Cirujano Miriam , Hernández-Matias Ana María
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Multiple factors affect the state of patients’ health after liver transplantation. To offer personalized nursing care, it is crucial to understand the impact that transplant has had on the patient’s life. The primary aim of this study was to examine gender dif-ferences in the overall health effect following liver transplantation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Connor-Davidson 10 Resilience Scale, the 21-item Post Traumatic Growth Inventory, and the Transplant Effects Questionnaire. Data was collected during May-July 2021, and statistical analyses were performed. Results: A sample of 174 liver transplant patients who participated answering questionnaires were included, 24.1% were women. Psychological re-silience in men was correlated with personal strength, while in women, it was associated with re-lationship with other. Significant gender differences were found in psychological post-traumatic growth since liver transplantation. Additionally, resilience levels were positively and significantly associated with adherence to immunosuppressive therapy following the transplant. However, no mediating or moderating effect of resilience was identified. Conclusions: The results provide val-uable insights for validating and improving interventions with a gender perspective. Nursing care must incorporate a gender perspective to deepen our understanding of the emotional determinants and the ability to deal with them.
Ultrasonic Molding of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) and its Clay Nanocomposites: Efficient Micropieces Production with Minimal Material Loss and Degradation
Authors: Pérez Germán , Jin Anyi , del Valle Luis J. , Fontdecaba Enric , Puiggali Jordi
Published: November 2024

Ultrasound micromolding (USM) is an emerging processing technology that offers advantages concerning spatial resolution, material saving, minimum time residence, minimum exposition to high temperatures and low cost. Recent advances have been focused to the point nodal tech-nology, which improves the homogeneity of the molded samples and the repeatability of the properties of processed specimens. The present work demonstrates the suitability of the modi-fied USM technology to process the biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB), which is a polymer that has well reported difficulties to be processed by conventional methods. Specifical-ly, conventional injection and microinjection, and USM technologies with and without point nodal configurations have been compared. Degradation studies and the evaluation of thermal and mechanical properties confirmed the successful preparation of P3HB micro-specimens, maintaining their functional integrity with minimal molecular weight loss. Exfoliated clay structures were observed for P3HB nanocomposites incorporating the C20 and C166 clays and processed by USM. The results point out the advantages of using the modified USM technology since C116 enhanced the P3HB degradation and consequently processed specimens were impos-sible to be obtained by conventional microinjection.
Gap Junction Plaques Fragmented in the Cochlea of a Mouse Model of the Compound Heterozygous p.D50N Variant in Gjb2
Authors: Sun Yu , Shi Xinyu , Liu Xiaozhou , Zong Yanjun , Zhao Zhengdong
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The GJB2 gene, which encodes the Connexin26 (Cx26), is the gene most frequently linked to hearing loss. Individuals carrying variants in the GJB2 gene may experience either congenital hearing loss or last-onset progressive hearing loss. The underlying reasons for the variability in hearing remain poorly understood. Current research primarily focuses on conditional knockout mouse models, which generally exhibit moderate to severe hearing loss. To elucidate the mechanisms by which Cx26 variants contribute to mild to moderate hearing loss, this study established a mouse model, the Gjb2D50N/- mice. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) indicated that the Gjb2D50N/- mice led to a mild to moderate increase in hearing thresholds. Further investigations demonstrated that in the Gjb2D50N/- mice, the gap junction plaques (GJPs) between supporting cells were fragmented, and the capacity of outer hair cells (OHCs) to uptake 2-NBDG (a glucose analog) was reduced. In conclusion, we hypothesize that the mild to moderate hearing loss associated with Cx26 variants may not be attributable to structural abnormalities within the cochlea, but rather to dysfunction of GJPs, which compromises the energy supply to OHCs. In this study, we first established a Gjb2 compound heterozygous mouse model that causes mild to moderate hearing loss, for subsequent intervention and treatment.