bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIGURE 4 from Optimizing Early-stage Clinical Pharmacology Evaluation to Accelerate Clinical Development of Giredestrant in Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Malhi Vikram , Agarwal Priya , Gates Mary R. , Liu Lichuan , Wang Jianshuang , De Bruyn Tom , Lam Scott , Eng-Wong Jennifer , Perez-Moreno Pablo , Chen Ya-Chi , Yu Jiajie
Published: December 2023

Comparison of dose-normalized giredestrant steady-state exposure between Asian and White patients in escalation and expansion cohorts. A, Cmax. B, AUC0–24h. Pharmacokinetic parameters were dose normalized by the dose received at the time of pharmacokinetic sampling—AUC0–24h or Cmax/Dose. The solid line in the center represents the median, the solid line at the bottom is the 25th percentile (Q1), the solid line at the top is the 75th percentile (Q3), the boxes indicate the IQR (Q1–Q3), and the whiskers represent 1.5*IQR.
Glycemic Variability and Time in Range Are Associated with the Risk of Overweight and High LDL-Cholesterol in Children and Youths with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Piona Claudia , Marigliano Marco , Mancioppi Valentina , Mozzillo Enza , Occhiati Luisa , Zanfardino Angela , Iafusco Dario , Maltoni Giulio , Zucchini Stefano , Delvecchio Maurizio , Passanisi Stefano , Lombardo Fortunato , Maffeis Claudio
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Reducing cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) exposure in children and youths with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is critical for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Long-term exposure to hyperglycemia, measured by HbA1c, had been recognized as the main factor affecting the CVRFs profile. To date, the possible association between short-term glycemic control and variability measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and CVRFs has not been explored. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that CGM metrics independently contribute to CVRF exposure in children and youths with T1D. Method: BMI, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, and CGM data of 895 children and youths with T1D were analyzed. Binary multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test independent associations between CVRFs (BMI >85th percentile, LDL-c>100 mg/dL, BP >90th percentile) and CGM metrics according to sex and adjusting for confounding factors. Results: In both sexes, metrics of hypoglycemia and glycemic variabilities (coefficient of variation [%CV]) positively correlated with BMI percentile. LDL-c positively correlated with mean glucose and metrics of hyperglycemia. A negative correlation was found between LDL-c and time in range (TIR). No significant correlations were found between CGM metrics and BP percentiles. In both sexes, TIR <70% was significantly associated with LDL-c>100 mg/dL (OR 3.2 in males, 2.1 in females). In females, CV >36% was significantly associated with overweight (OR 2.1). Conclusions: CGM metrics of glycemic control and variability were significantly associated with the risk of overweight in females and high LDL-c in both sexes.
Hallucinations in Large Multilingual Translation Models
Authors: Guerreiro Nuno M. , Alves Duarte M. , Waldendorf Jonas , Haddow Barry , Birch Alexandra , Colombo Pierre , Martins André F. T.
Published: December 2023

Hallucinated translations can severely undermine and raise safety issues when machine translation systems are deployed in the wild. Previous research on the topic focused on small bilingual models trained on high-resource languages, leaving a gap in our understanding of hallucinations in multilingual models across diverse translation scenarios. In this work, we fill this gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis—over 100 language pairs across various resource levels and going beyond English-centric directions—on both the M2M neural machine translation (NMT) models and GPT large language models (LLMs). Among several insights, we highlight that models struggle with hallucinations primarily in low-resource directions and when translating out of English, where, critically, they may reveal toxic patterns that can be traced back to the training data. We also find that LLMs produce qualitatively different hallucinations to those of NMT models. Finally, we show that hallucinations are hard to reverse by merely scaling models trained with the same data. However, employing more diverse models, trained on different data or with different procedures, as fallback systems can improve translation quality and virtually eliminate certain pathologies.
The Qumran Opisthographic Papyri as a Scribal Cluster of Manuscripts
Authors: Aksu Ayhan
Published: December 2023

This essay will explore to which the degree the opisthographic papyri from Qumran can be seen as a scribal cluster, which I understand to be a group of manuscripts that were produced and/or circulated within the same scribal context. This contribution will present a case study by focusing on the papyrus opisthographs 4Q433a/4Q255, 4Q499/4Q497, 4Q503/4Q512, and 4Q509/4Q496/4Q506. These manuscripts will be considered by combining material and textual approaches. Analysis from the perspective of palaeography and codicology will establish if these scrolls share significant material features, such as writing style, columnisation, and scribal markings. Textual analysis will assess the intertextual relations between these compositions and explore whether they share common themes and vocabulary. This case study aims to increase our understanding of how the scribes behind the Dead Sea Scrolls engaged with their texts, and explores different scholarly approaches to reconstruct ancient groupings of texts.
Explaining Mythical Composite Monsters in a Global Cross-Cultural Sample
Authors: Knowlton Timothy W. , Roberts Seán G.
Published: December 2023

Composite beings (“monsters”) are those mythical creatures composed of a mix of different anatomical forms. There are several scholarly claims for why these appear in the imagery and lore of many societies, including claims that they are found near-universally as well as those arguments that they co-occur with particular sociocultural arrangements. In order to evaluate these claims, we identify the presence of composite monsters cross-culturally in a global sample of societies, the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. We find that composite beings are not universal, and that their presence or absence co-varies most significantly with social stratification and transportation technology. This supports hypotheses that the cultural evolution of composite monsters is driven by human concerns with social distinctions within societies as well as increased contact with distant peoples.
On the identity of Speocarcinus celebensis Tesch, 1918 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Pilumnidae) from Sulawesi
Authors: Ng Peter K. L.
Published: December 2023

The type of the poorly known pilumnid crab, Speocarcinus celebensis Tesch, 1918, is redescribed and figured. As Speocarcinus is now known to be a wholly American pseudorhombilid, the generic placement of this Tesch species has been in doubt. Ng (1987) provisionally assigned it to Viaderiana Ward, 1942, but Števčić (2011) decided to place it in a new monotypic genus, Bossacarcinus. The type is a poorly preserved subadult female, and not a male as originally reported. Bossacarcinus celebensis is likely to be a pilumnine, not a rhizopine, and is compared with allied genera like Viaderiana, Ser Rathbun, 1931, Heteropilumnus De Man, 1895, and Xestopilumnus Ng & Dai, 1996.
Model and Modelling in Digital Humanities
Authors: Ciula Arianna , Eide Øyvind , Marras Cristina , Sahle Patrick
Published: December 2023

Chapter 1, Towards a new language for modelling, proposes a selection of lexical ramifications and a semantic excursus on the terms model/modelling. Some etymological reflections on these terms and selected occurrences in the Western history of thought are mapped out. The focus of the chapter is on the history and the polysemy characterising the terms model and modelling with the aim to offer some reflections on their current use, and to foreground the pragmatic elements implied by the concept of model in modelling practices and by the use of language (metalanguage). The underlying assumption is that by analysing this metalanguage, we can acquire a deeper understanding of the practices of modelling and the related processes of conceptualisation, representation, visualisation and communication. In addition, the concept of “pragmatic modelling” (further discussed in chapter 2), is introduced and contextualised.
Metaphoric Reasoning and Pragmatic Modelling
Authors: Ciula Arianna , Eide Øyvind , Marras Cristina , Sahle Patrick
Published: December 2023

Chapter 2, Modelling and metaphoric reasoning, discusses the act of modelling, especially, its representative and descriptive functions and how it operates within a context which includes a metaphorical language. Metaphors adapt to and at the same time transform this language. The concept of “pragmatic modelling” is discussed further and is connected to how metaphorical language operates in Digital Humanities (DH) as well as other (mainly interdisciplinary) modelling contexts. Furthermore, the chapter exemplifies how metaphors themselves are models of knowledge, as they define the schemes within which specific concepts operate and knowledge is established and expressed. In particular, in a DH context, the use of metaphors can have practical outcomes in how affordances influence data processing, storage, and design, and in how data are presented and interfaces are built. In this chapter, we propose to consider modelling as a creative and usually highly pragmatic process of thinking and reasoning in which metaphors assume a central role and where meaning is negotiated through the creation and manipulation of external representations combined with an imaginative use of formal and informal languages.
Modelling Text
Authors: Ciula Arianna , Eide Øyvind , Marras Cristina , Sahle Patrick
Published: December 2023

Chapter 5, Modelling text – a case study, presents a case study examining examples of activities of modelling around the concepts of text and textuality. It qualifies as an anthology, a gallery, an empirical study, and an experiment on finding a different mode of argumentation to “change the launch pad” into future discussions around modelling. In this chapter, models are exposed primarily as specific and situated visual representations we experience when studying and modelling texts. They are presented following a What You See is What You Get approach. The argument takes a different form of expression from the other chapters by discussing models and their visualisations with the presentation of topical quotes extracted from the literature alongside their iconic counterparts, either in their original version or as interpreted visually by the authors and the designers. This effort is in itself an example of modelling as a translation process in action. The chapter spans various disciplines and illustrates different modes of making implicit and explicit models, covering a broad range from theoretical descriptions to concrete applications in the realm of text technologies and knowledge representation. The overall selection for examples aims to offer a “graphical” argument of how different models represent conceptualisations of and perspectives on texts in different ways, illustrating key concepts discussed in the previous chapters, and encouraging the readers to engage with the topic further.
The inhibitory effect of cisplatin combined with pemetrexed on lung cancer cells via targeting miR-135 and ATG7
Authors: Xie Dong , Zhou Gang , Zhang Wei , Gao Yuanxi , Cai Xing , Cai Yang , Liu Zhiyun , Zhao Weijun
Published: December 2023

Lung cancer treatment is still based on chemotherapy. Autophagy involves in lung cancer. Our research aims to explore miR-135’s role in lung cancer. Tumor tissues were collected for analysis of autophagy. TargetScan bioinformatics assessed the relationship between miR-135 and
ATG7. Immunofluorescence analyzed the co-localization of circRACGAP1 and miR-135. circRACGAP1 was silenced to assess its role in autophagy and lung cancer cell growth. In A549 cells, cisplatin combined with pemetrexed upregulated ATG7 and LC3-II, and downregulated squestosome 1 (SQSTM1). Significantly
upregulated LC3-II and ATG7 and reduced SQSTM1 were found in cisplatin combined with pemetrexed group. miR-135 targeted ATG7 gene 3′-UTR region. Cisplatin combined with pemetrexed upregulated ATG7 by selectively inhibiting miR-135. circRACGAP1 was co-localized with miR-135. circRACGAP1
inhibition decreased lung cancer cell growth by inhibiting autophagy. circRACGAP1-miR-135-ATG7 axis involves in the regulatory effect of cisplatin combined with pemetrexed on lung cancer cell growth.
Effect of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide combined with sacubitril and valsartan sodium tablets on the condition of patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart failure
Authors: Fan Jun , Yan Chunxiao
Published: December 2023

Coronary atherosclerotic heart failure (CAHF) is a common clinical cardiovascular disease that seriously endangers human health. Combination of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide and sacubitril-valsartan sodium tablets (rhBNP-SV) may have a positive effect on CAHF patients.
However, there have been few research on this. In this study, 120 patients with CAHF were collected, 30 of them were used as control group and 90 patients were randomly divided into sacubitril-valsartan sodium tablet group, rhBNP group and combination group. The cardiac function-related indicators
and serum mitochondrial coupling factor 6, ACE and others were examined. The levels of various cardiac function indexes in CAHF patients showed an upward trend and the increase was the most obvious in combination group. Patients in combination group had the longest walking distance within
6 minutes. Levels of the four groups of patients showed a downward trend and the intervention of rhBNP-VS showed the most significant decrease. Proportion of IFN-γ-positive lymphocytes in the total T lymphocytes gradually decreased with different interventions. Under rhBNP-SV
intervention, ACE level in patients was significantly inhibited. The treatment of rhBNP-SV improved the exercise capacity of patients, reduced inflammatory response, and regulated ACE expression in patients with CAHF. Furthermore, it reduced the degree of vascular endothelial injury, inhibited
the development of the disease, and ultimately enhanced the therapeutic effect to a large extent.
What Causes the Subsurface Velocity Maximum of the East Australian Current?
Authors: Oke Peter R. , Rykova Tatiana , Sloyan Bernadette M. , Ridgway Ken R.
Published: December 2023

The East Australian Current (EAC) system includes a poleward jet that flows adjacent to the continental shelf, a southward and eastward extension, and a complex eddy field. The EAC jet is often observed to be subsurface intensified. Here, we explain that there are two factors that cause the EAC to develop a subsurface maximum. First, the EAC flows as a narrow current, carrying low-density water from the Coral Sea into the denser waters of the Tasman Sea. This results in horizontal density gradients with a different sign on either side of the jet, negative onshore and positive offshore. According to the thermal wind relation, this produces vertical gradients in southward current that are surface intensified onshore and subsurface intensified offshore. Second, we show that the winds over the shelf are mostly downwelling favorable, drawing the surface EAC waters onshore. This aligns the region of positive horizontal density gradients with the EAC core, producing a subsurface velocity maximum. The presence of a subsurface maximum may produce baroclinic instabilities that play a role in eddy formation and EAC separation from the coast.

Significance Statement

Observations of the East Australian Current (EAC) show that the strongest currents are often below the surface at about 100-m depth. Two factors cause this subsurface maximum. First, because the EAC is a narrow jet, carrying warm water southward from the Coral Sea, the density gradient across the jet changes sign, causing surface-intensified currents onshore and subsurface-intensified currents offshore. Second, the wind field over the shelf often pulls the shallow waters shoreward, shifting the waters that cause subsurface intensification to align with the center of the jet, resulting in a subsurface maximum of the EAC. This process may be responsible for the generation of eddies in the Tasman Sea.
The Effect of Parental Abuse and Negative School Experiences on Female Adolescent’s Substance Use: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Depression
Authors: Lee Wonki
Published: December 2023

Consistent with the theoretical propositions of general strain theory (GST), abuse from parents and negative school experiences have been demonstrated as primary strain sources of female adolescents, which make them engage in delinquency to cope with their strains and negative emotions. However, limited research has examined the pathway of these relationships by considering the mediating role of depression as predicted from the GST perspective. Thus, this study attempted to examine the association between parental abuse, negative school experiences, depressive emotional state, and substance use of female adolescents. Using data from the Korea Child and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS), structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to assess if depression mediates the effect of strain on female adolescents’ substance use. Results indicated a significant influence of parental abuse and negative school experiences on female adolescents’ depression. In terms of mediating role of depression, the effects of parental abuse and negative relationship with teachers on female adolescents’ substance use were mediated by depression, while the effect of learning-relevant strain was partially mediated. The implications not only for the theoretical framework of GST but also for prevention programs were suggested.
Violence against civilians and public support for the state: The moderating role of governance and ideology
Authors: Levy Gabriella
Published: December 2023

When state armed forces engage in violence against civilians during civil wars, why do some citizens continue to support the government? I argue that individuals’ support for the state in such contexts is shaped by the interplay between their perceptions of violence, governance and ideology. Drawing on research concerning motivated reasoning, I suggest that ideological similarity with and effective governance from the state can alleviate the negative effect of military violence against civilians on support for the state and, conversely, augment the positive effect of insurgent abuse on attitudes toward the government. Analysis of seven years of surveys fielded by the Latin American Public Opinion Project in Colombia between 2005 and 2011 suggests that individuals’ responses to victimization by the state’s armed forces depend on whether the individuals are ideologically aligned with the state. More specifically, among people who have an ideology similar to that of the president, military victimization has a less negative effect on support for the armed forces and for the national government. There is also mixed evidence that the quality of state governance, particularly the provision of security from crime, shapes the ways people respond to victimization. While existing studies primarily focus on the effects of either violence or governance on attitudes toward the state, these findings indicate that a more complete theory of why people support governments which engage in violence against civilians requires an understanding of not only violence but also of governance and ideology.
Differentiated grassroots: Navigating sustainability transitions in conservative political contexts
Authors: Adil Ali
Published: December 2023

Uneven subnational energy policy and regulatory geographies in the United States are a widely recognised reality, resulting from the absence of a concerted federal effort towards climate change and sustainable energy development. Against this backdrop, the rise of citizen-led energy transitions or Grassroots Energy Communities (GECs) in liberal and conservative states signals an opportunity for fostering a common ground for climate action, only to be undermined by questions concerning their touted countervailing potential against the mainstream energy system. With particular reference to conservative political contexts, this article presents a comparative case study of Grassroots Energy Communities arising amidst uneven socio-spatial circumstances. By interrogating lived experiences and situated socio-material practices, the article offers interesting theoretical, practical and policy insights. By explicating the materiality of technical devices, purposively rendered meaningful in context and politicised towards particular political and economic ends, the study shows how socio-material processes not only help forge strategic alliances between potentially antagonistic stakeholders but also lead to the obfuscation of power differentials. From a policy perspective, this study shows how conservative ideology – despite hyper-nationalist invocations – subjects local citizen-led efforts to the vicissitudes of global capital by selectively justifying state support to facilitate its circulation.
Urban development and long-term flood risk and resilience: Experiences over time and across cultures. Cases from Asia, North America, Europe and Australia
Authors: Keenan-Jones Duncan C , Serra-Llobet Anna , He Hongming , Kondolf G Mathias
Published: December 2023

Rivers are the lifeblood of many cities, but flood risk is projected to increase due to urbanisation and climate change. Better floodplain management in and near urban areas is required to produce the New Urban Agenda’s ‘just, safe, healthy, accessible, affordable, resilient and sustainable cities’. Many jurisdictions are looking to move or keep people out of human-constructed residential ‘niches’ on hazardous floodplains, but this has proved difficult to achieve. Our historical case studies of colonial societies in ancient Rome, as well as on the Yangtze, Mississippi and Brisbane rivers, show the deep roots of many contemporary flood risk issues, such as failures of risk perception related to recent settlement, the moral hazard of spending on flood defence infrastructure, the creeping nature of floodplain encroachment into ‘niches’ of perceived protection created by structural interventions, the need for a central, ‘whole of river’ approach, and the difficulties of implementing this approach locally. These case studies also suggest solutions, including the adoption of Indigenous perspectives, benefits to incentivise local actors and a historical education strategy to increase appetite for more sustainable flood risk mitigation.
African-Centered Spirituality as a Buffer of Psychological Symptoms Related to Specific Forms of Racism for African Americans
Authors: Greer Tawanda M.
Published: December 2023

The current study was designed to examine African-centered spirituality as a moderator of the effects of specific forms of racism on psychological outcomes in a sample of 201 African American adults. African-centered spirituality was hypothesized to influence the severity of racism-related psychological outcomes, such that greater use of this strategy would be associated with less severe psychological symptoms in relation to forms of racism exposure. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to test the study hypotheses. Statistically significant interaction effects revealed that low use of African-centered spirituality was associated with greater severity in somatization, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in relation to increased exposure to cultural and institutional racism. Significant interactions were also revealed between individual racism and African-centered spirituality in predicting obsessive-compulsive and somatization symptoms, which suggested that greater use of this strategy was associated with an increase in symptoms in relation to increased exposure to this form of racism. The overall findings suggest that high use of African-centered spirituality is not an effective coping strategy to manage all forms of racism.
The Testing Effect in the Lecture Hall: Does it Transfer to Content Studied but Not Practiced?
Authors: Glaser Julia , Richter Tobias
Published: December 2023

Background

Practice tests have been shown to be an effective means to foster long-term retention in higher education, at least compared to restudying (i.e., the testing effect).

Objective

The present study replicated and extended prior research by examining whether and to what extent the positive effects of testing on long-term retention in a typical psychology lecture transfer to content presented only during initial learning (and not practiced).

Method

Using a within-subjects design, we alternated post-lecture multiple-choice practice tests and restudying opportunities in two psychology classes ( N = 67). One week after the final lecture session of a cycle of six weekly lecture sessions, retention of learning content was assessed by comparing performance on questions referring to content practiced via testing, encountered via restudying, or unreviewed.

Results

We found a testing effect for practiced content, whereas no transfer effect occurred for untested content from the same lecture sessions.

Conclusion

These results show that the testing effect is a powerful learning tool, but also suggest a possible boundary condition pertaining only to explicitly tested content.

Teaching Implications

Practice testing should be integrated regularly in higher education courses to foster long-term retention for a final test. However, educators should take care that important content is fully covered in practice tests.
Temporal changes to adult case fatality risk of COVID-19 after vaccination in England between May 2020 and February 2022: a national surveillance study
Authors: Halford Florence , Yates Kathryn , Clare Tom , Lopez-Bernal Jamie , Kall Meaghan , Allen Hester
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Risk of death after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has fallen during the pandemic, largely due to immunity from vaccination. In England, the timing and extent of this reduction varied due to staggered eligibility during the primary vaccination campaign, based on age and clinical risk group. Duration of protection is less well understood. Our objective was to estimate the case fatality risk (CFR) by vaccination status and time since last dose during a period of widespread community testing, to better understand the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and duration of protection.

Design

SARS-CoV-2 cases diagnosed between May 2020 and February 2022 were linked to vaccine records from the National Immunisation Management System. CFR was calculated as the proportion of cases that died of COVID-19 per the death certificate, aggregated by week of specimen and stratified by 10-year age band and vaccination status.

Setting

England, UK.

Participants

A total of 10,616,148 SARS-CoV-2 cases, aged ≥18 years, recorded by England’s laboratory reporting system.

Main outcome measures

Case fatality risk of COVID-19, stratified by age band and vaccination status.

Results

Overall, a reduction in CFR was observed for all age bands, with a clear temporal link to when the age group became eligible for primary vaccination and then the first booster. CFR increased with age (0.3% 50–59 years; 1.2% 60–69; 4.7% 70–79; 16.3% 80+) and was highest in the unvaccinated – albeit a reduction was observed over time. The highest CFR was seen in the unvaccinated 80+ group prior to vaccination rollout (30.6%). CFR was consistently lowest in vaccinated populations within 6 months of last dose, yet increased after over 6 months elapsed since last dose, across all age bands.

Conclusions

COVID-19 CFR reduced after vaccination, with the lowest CFR seen across all age bands when vaccinated up to 6 months prior to specimen date. This provides some evidence for continued booster doses in older age groups.
The historicisation of the human senses from Feuerbach to Marx
Authors: Engelman Robert
Published: December 2023

This paper identifies and articulates a historicist turn in theorising the human senses initiated by Feuerbach and Marx. Both philosophers retain their predecessors’ view that human needs determine human senses, but they identify historical contingencies of human needs that they treat as introducing historical contingency into the character of the human senses. In accounting for Feuerbach’s and Marx’s respective historicisations of the human senses, this paper challenges some commonplace ideas expressed by Honneth and Joas about German philosophical anthropology in general as well as, more specifically, Marx’s critique of Feuerbach and the philosophical-anthropological legacy of Marxian thought.
Brain PET imaging using 11C-flumazenil and 11C-buprenorphine does not support the hypothesis of a mutual interaction between buprenorphine and benzodiazepines at the neuroreceptor level
Authors: Auvity Sylvain , Vodovar Dominique , Goutal Sébastien , Cisternino Salvatore , Chevillard Lucie , Soyer Amélie , Bottlaender Michel , Caillé Fabien , Mégarbane Bruno , Tournier Nicolas
Published: December 2023

Among opioids, buprenorphine presents a favorable safety profile with a limited risk of respiratory depression. However, fatalities have been reported when buprenorphine is combined to a benzodiazepine. Potentiation of buprenorphine interaction with opioid receptors (ORs) with benzodiazepines, and/or vice versa, is hypothesized to explain this drug-drug interaction (DDI). The mutual DDI between buprenorphine and benzodiazepines was investigated at the neuroreceptor level in nonhuman primates (n = 4 individuals) using brain PET imaging and kinetic modelling. The binding potential (BPND) of benzodiazepine receptor (BzR) was assessed using 11C-flumazenil PET imaging before and after administration of buprenorphine (0.2 mg, i.v.). Moreover, the brain kinetics and receptor binding of buprenorphine were investigated in the same individuals using 11C-buprenorphine PET imaging before and after administration of diazepam (10 mg, i.v.). Outcome parameters were compared using a two-way ANOVA. Buprenorphine did not impact the plasma nor brain kinetics of 11C-flumazenil. 11C-flumazenil BPND was unchanged following buprenorphine exposure, in any brain region (p > 0.05). Similarly, diazepam did not impact the plasma or brain kinetics of 11C-buprenorphine. 11C-buprenorphine volume of distribution ( VT) was unchanged following diazepam exposure, in any brain region (p > 0.05). To conclude, our PET imaging findings do not support a neuropharmacokinetic or neuroreceptor-related mechanism of the buprenorphine/benzodiazepine interaction.
Modal Splits Before, During, and After the Pandemic in Switzerland
Authors: Heimgartner Daniel , Axhausen Kay W.
Published: December 2023

The MOBIS-Covid data provides a unique opportunity to put mobility adjustments observed during the crisis in perspective. A large panel has been tracked from before the crisis up until the end of 2022. Starting with 1370 participants and observing a gradual drop-off, around 250 kept tracking throughout the whole study period of over 2 years. Switzerland lifted its measures counteracting the virus spread in mid-February 2022, reaching a potential new equilibrium in the months after. Descriptive indicators have been constructed for Switzerland in order to disentangle the narrative of the crisis from the perspective of transport demand. The descriptive findings are supplemented by a mixed multiple discrete-continuous extreme value model (MMDCEV). We find a shift in modal splits away from car and train, where in particular bus could expand its mode share. While the cycling and walking booms were temporary, the bicycle still shows slightly higher mode distance shares. There are observable differences between the working arrangements (home office, mixture and in-office), however, we do not find evidence that preferences differ substantially. This suggests that the working arrangement segments the population along socioeconomic dimensions with different mobility behaviors and mode preferences. Modes are more satiated in the post-pandemic world, hinting that people use fewer modes in their weekly modal mix but use them more intensely. However, the model suggests that the pandemic should not be read as a structural break in mode preferences. We will therefore likely see further convergence to the pre-pandemic equilibrium.
Fabrication of high performance polyimide fibers by dry-jet wet spinning technology
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Zhang Mengying , Niu Hongqing , Wu Dezhen
Published: December 2023

High-performance co-polyimide (co-PI) fibers derived from 3,3`4,4`-biphenyldianhydride (BPDA), p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA) and 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-amino-benzimidazole (BIA) were prepared via the wet spinning and dry-jet wet spinning method, respectively. The distinctions between wet spinning and dry-jet wet spinning processes on the structures and properties of co-PI fibers were systematically investigated. The co-PI fibers prepared by dry-jet wet spinning exhibited smoother surface morphology and higher mechanical properties than those of co-PI prepared by wet spinning. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) results showed that the co-PI fibers prepared by dry-jet wet spinning exhibited highly oriented structure along the fiber direction along with a low degree of lateral packing order in the transverse direction. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed that the radius, length, misorientation and internal surface roughness of the microvoids in the co-PI fibers prepared by the dry-jet wet spinning are lower than those in co-PI fibers prepared by wet spinning. Moreover, the effect of air layer height, as well as the heat treatment on the structure and properties of fibers during the dry-jet wet spinning process, was also studied. The tensile strength and modulus of co-PI fibers prepared by dry-jet wet spinning reached 2.72 GPa and 114.29 GPa, respectively, with an air layer height of 10 mm and a heat stretching temperature of 440°C.
AC-UNet: lane line detection based on U-Net network fusion attention mechanism and cross convolution
Authors: Fan Chao , Wang Xiao , Qiu Qingying , Chen Zhixiang
Published: December 2023

To address the issue that existing lane line detection algorithms are insufficient in feature extraction under complex road conditions, resulting in poor detection accuracy, based on U-Net, this paper proposes a semantic segmentation network that combines attention mechanism and cross convolution (AC-UNet). The network first uses the special structure of cross-convolution in the encoder to extract the lane line features, allowing the network to keep more edge structure information in different gradient directions. Second, during the AC-UNet generation process, a Feature Refinement Module (FRM) is introduced that selectively emphasizes lane line features by learning global context information, allowing the network to be more sensitive to lane line features. It can improve the transmission of important information while suppressing noise and irrelevant data. The AC-UNet model combines image target information extraction and localization while also addressing the issue of insufficient feature information extraction. Finally, experiments on the TuSimple dataset show that the algorithm in this paper can achieve good detection results even when the lane lines are occluded, with a comprehensive evaluation index F1-measure of up to 90.98%, which improves by 6.53% in comparison to U-Net.
Design and verification of low-friction and high-performance monotube magnetorheological damper
Authors: Li Weihan , Zhou Chengpei , Bai Guodong , ‘Frank’ Bai Xianxu
Published: December 2023

The frictional force of the suspension damper is an essential factor affecting vehicle ride comfort. As an important basic component of intelligent suspension, magnetorheological (MR) damper has the advantages of simple structure and adjustable damping performance. However, the frictional force of the MR damper is excessively high, due to the high-pressure gas to avoid the cavitation effect. If the frictional force of MR damper can be reduced, the vibration isolation performance of the intelligent suspension based on the MR damper will be further improved. In this study, a monotube MR damper with low friction and high performance is proposed and investigated. Firstly, the structural design of the low-friction MR damper is carried out, and the mathematical model of its controllable damping force and uncontrollable damping force is established. Secondly, the key structural parameters of the MR piston are optimized, and the valve system is matched based on the optimized mechanical characteristics of the piston to avoid the cavitation effect. Thirdly, bench tests are carried out on the developed low-friction MR damper. The experimental results show that the frictional force of the MR damper is very low, and no cavitation effect occurs. Finally, the system performance simulation analysis is carried out on the 1/4 vehicle semi-active suspension using the MR damper, and the influence of frictional force on the performance evaluation indexes of passive and semi-active suspensions is investigated. The simulation results indicate that the influence of frictional force on semi-active suspension is higher than that of passive suspension, and reducing the frictional force of the MR damper is of great significance to improve the performance of the semi-active suspension.
A data-driven suspension kinematics and compliance model considering multi-axis coupling effects
Authors: Duan Yupeng , Zhang Yunqing , Wu Jinglai , Lv Tianqi
Published: December 2023

The kinematics and compliance characteristics (K&C) significantly impact a vehicle’s dynamic response. While a comprehensive multibody suspension model can accurately express desired suspension K&C characteristics, the complexity of the model limits its use in real-time applications. The K&C characteristics are usually obtained through decoupled bench tests, whereby it is assumed that the suspension K&C characteristics can be orthogonally decomposed and that the function outputs can be added up to restore the original characteristics, which may not be accurate. Therefore, in this research, a novel suspension K&C simulation/test method is proposed to demonstrate the suspension characteristics under coupled force inputs. A multibody dynamic model of an air suspension is constructed and calibrated through bench tests. Then, a series of coupled tire forces with shapes of space spiral curves are applied to the multibody model to produce the coupled K&C data. A novel data-driven model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network is proposed to predict suspension K&C. Finally, the proposed data-driven K&C model and the decoupled K&C model are compared under full vehicle simulations. The results suggest that the proposed method is more accurate than the decoupled K&C model and can express the suspension hysteresis characteristics without further modification.
Coordination control between vibration suppression and energy regeneration for vehicles driven by in-wheel motors under regenerative braking condition
Authors: Xing Chao , Zhu Yueying , Wang Jiaying , Wu Hao , Huang Yiwei
Published: December 2023

In this paper, focusing on regenerative braking condition, a coordination control method is proposed to achieve the vibration suppression and braking energy recovery of vehicles driven by In-Wheel Switch Reluctance Motor (IWSRM). Firstly, a vehicle vertical dynamic model, including SRM drive system, vehicle braking system, and quarter SRM-suspension system, is established based on the analysis of the generating and vibration characteristics of IWSRM. Then, after analyzing the effects of eccentricity and electromagnetic excitation, the vertical unbalanced radial force is used as control signal in design of the control method. Moreover, for ensuring the recovered energy and reduce vertical vibration, the optimal key control parameters varying with the vehicle speed and braking strength are obtained by genetic algorithm. To achieve verification of the control method, the several vehicle performance indexes are selected as observation objects, which are analyzed and compared to other control methods, and the results indicate the control method can effectively weaken the vertical acceleration and improve the vehicle ride comfort without significantly decreasing regenerative braking energy. Finally, a hardware in the loop experiment is conducted, and the effectiveness and real-time ability of the proposed method can be verified.
Multi-Lineage Human Endometrial Organoids on Acellular Amniotic Membrane for Endometrium Regeneration
Authors: Xu Yuhui , Cai Shuyan , Wang Qian , Cheng Minzhang , Hui Xianrui , Dzakah Emmanuel Enoch , Zhao Bing , Chen Xiaojun
Published: December 2023

Asherman’s syndrome is an endometrial regeneration disorder resulting from injury to the endometrial basal layer, causing the formation of scar tissue in the uterus and cervix. This usually leads to uterine infertility, menstrual disorders, and placental abnormalities. While stem cell therapy has shown extensive progress in repairing the damaged endometrium and preventing intrauterine adhesion, issues of low engraftment rates, rapid senescence, and the risk of tumorigenesis remain to be resolved for efficient and effective application of this technology in endometrial repair. This study addressed these challenges by developing a co-culture system to generate multi-lineage endometrial organoids (MLEOs) comprising endometrial epithelium organoids (EEOs) and endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs). The efficacy of these MLEOs was investigated by seeding them on a biocompatible scaffold, the human acellular amniotic membrane (HAAM), to create a biological graft patch, which was subsequently transplanted into an injury model of the endometrium in rats. The results indicated that the MLEOs on the HAAM patch facilitated endometrial angiogenesis, regeneration, and improved pregnancy outcomes. The MLEOs on the HAAM patch could serve as a promising strategy for treating endometrial injury and preventing Asherman’s syndrome.
Age-adjusted D-Dimer Thresholds Combined with the Modified Wells Score as a Predictor of Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Hao Wei , Liu Xuanhui , Feng Jiancheng , Qian Yu , An Shuo , Tian Ye , Quan Wei , Sun Jian , Wei Yingsheng , Zhang Xinjie , Jiang Rongcai
Published: December 2023

Background

Neurosurgical patients are at an increased risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), which, if not properly managed, can lead to pulmonary embolism. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of age-adjusted D-dimer thresholds combined with the modified Wells score as a predictor for lower extremity DVT diagnosis.

Methods

We conducted a study among patients aged >50 years with suspected lower extremity DVT in the neurosurgery intensive care unit between December 2019 and December 2020. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to examine the diagnostic capacity of age-adjusted D-dimer combined with the modified Wells score.

Results

A total of 233 participants, with an average age of 71.81 ± 12.59 years, were enrolled in the study. The mean D-dimer levels were 0.73 ± 0.39 mg/L. Among the participants, 57 (57.9%, 33 males) were diagnosed with DVT. The age-adjusted D-dimer combined with the modified Wells score had the highest area under the curve for diagnosing lower extremity DVT compared to D-dimer and age-adjusted D-dimer alone, with an AUC of 0.858. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the age-adjusted D-dimer combined with the modified Wells score for DVT diagnosis were 78.95%, 80.68%, 57%, 92.2%, and 80.26%, respectively. When analyzing subgroups, the accuracy was 79.55% for participants with cerebral hemorrhage, 81.69% for those with craniocerebral injury, 74.99% for participants with intracranial infection, and 88.89% for those with craniocerebral tumor.

Conclusion

The combination of the age-adjusted D-dimer thresholds with the modified Wells score might effectively predict lower extremity DVT.
Clinical Consultation During a Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Community-Based Learning Collaborative: Examination of Consultation Content, Consultative Strategies, and Provider Engagement
Authors: Woodard Grace S. , Cheng Ashley Smith , Phillips Dominique A. , Lane Elizabeth , Toranzo Teresa , Adams Kate , Becker-Haimes Emily , Pedersen Lucia Walsh , Ringle Vanesa Mora , Jensen-Doss Amanda
Published: December 2023

Consultation following evidence-based practice (EBP) training enhances the uptake of EBPs. Yet, little is known about what occurs during consultation, and it is often difficult for providers to engage in consultation. This study examined provider engagement in consultation and the content and strategies used during consultation following training in Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) as part of a community-based learning collaborative (CBLC). Minute-to-minute live coding of consultation calls revealed most content was clinically-oriented and the most common strategies used by consultants were didactic in nature. Providers with more years of professional experience and those with greater TF-CBT knowledge attended significantly more consultation calls. Providers with a greater average weekly caseload and providers who were supervisors presented significantly more cases on calls. Providers with greater TF-CBT knowledge spoke significantly more minutes on calls. Consistent with previous work, findings highlight difficulties with provider engagement in consultation and that providers with more baseline expertise are most likely to be engaged. Findings suggest tailoring EBP training efforts to better engage providers at greatest risk for low engagement.
Wilms Tumor With Raised Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein: Highlighting the Need for Novel Circulating Biomarkers
Authors: Green Rebecca , Ahmed Adeeb , Fleming Ben , Long Anna-May , Behjati Sam , Trotman Jamie , Tarpey Patrick , Nicholson James C. , Coleman Nicholas , Elizabeth Hook C. , Murray Matthew J.
Published: December 2023

Wilms tumor (WT) is the commonest cause of renal cancer in children. In Europe, a diagnosis is made for most cases on typical clinical and radiological findings, prior to pre-operative chemotherapy. Here, we describe a case of a young boy presenting with a large abdominal tumor, associated with raised serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels at diagnosis. Given the atypical features present, a biopsy was taken, and histology was consistent with WT, showing triphasic WT, with epithelial, stromal, and blastemal elements present, and positive WT1 and CD56 immunohistochemical staining. During pre-operative chemotherapy, serial serum AFP measurements showed further increases, despite a radiological response, before a subsequent fall to normal following nephrectomy. The resection specimen was comprised of ~55% and ~45% stromal and epithelial elements, respectively, with no anaplasia, but immunohistochemistry using AFP staining revealed positive mucinous intestinal epithelium, consistent with the serum AFP observations. The lack of correlation between tumor response and serum AFP levels in this case highlights a more general clinical unmet need to identify WT-specific circulating tumor markers.