bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between General Health and Health-Related Quality of Life in Educational Hospitals' Nurses in Ahvaz
Authors: Rezaei Far Mehdi , Faraji-Khiavi Farzad
Published: June 2021

Background: Nurses face a lot of stress in their jobs, and the quality of life has a significant impact on the quality of their services. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between general health and the quality of life conditions in nurses working in hospitals affiliated with Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted in 2017 on nurses working in educational hospitals in Ahvaz. The sample size was 265. A categorized random sampling was used for the research The collected data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, ANOVA, regresson and Pearson correlation tests. Data collection tools included the general health questionnaire (GHQ) and the questionnaire on health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
Results: Nurses had fairly good general health (23.9 ± 12.4) and their health-related quality of life was moderate (60.29 ± 16.07). Their physical health (63.4 ± 22.5) was found better than their mental health (61.7 ± 20.3) as a factor in the health-related quality of life states. General health had a strong and negative correlation with the quality of life associated with physical health (P-value < 0.001 and r = - 0.61) and the quality of life associated with mental health (P-value < 0.001 and r = - 0.68).
Conclusion: Many aspects of health-related quality of life are influenced by general health factors. Therefore, it is recommended that prevention, identification, and treatment of physical and psychological problems and factors affecting the quality of life be considered as a priority, leading to an improvement in nurses’ quality of life.
Factors Influencing Nurses' Intention to Leave Profession in Iran
Authors: Hosseini Marznaki Zohreh , Barzegari Saeed , Jawula Salisu Waliu , Azarnivand Maryam , Khanjankhani Khatere
Published: June 2021

Background: Several reasons account for nurses' intention to leave the nursing profession. Understanding these factors is a step towards reducing such incidents which pose a threat to the nursing profession. This study aimed to identify and rank the circumstances that influence the intention to leave the nursing profession in Iran.
Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional analytical study, which employed four other methods to reach a sound conclusion in 2019.The electronic databases, including the Scientific Information Database, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, OVID, Cochrane Library, CINAHL,, were searched for studies published from the year 1998 to December 2018 for scientific studies conducted among factor associated intention to leave in Iran. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) method was then used to extract hidden factors and determine the hierarchical structure of the review's findings. Using the combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Logic, the weight of each one of the factors that affect the intention to leave the nursing profession was then calculated. Finally, the accuracy of the results of the Consistency Ratio and Fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (FAHP), was calculated and evaluated.
Results: The electronic search delivered 100 studies, from which we identified and extracted 26 most occurring reasons for the desire to leave the nursing profession. Based on the EFA results, we identified four criteria (personal, managerial, organizational, and side issues) with eigenvalues ​​higher than 1. The first criteria (personal issues) scored the highest (53.39 %), while side issues scored the lowest (13.40 %) as reasons accounting for the intention to leave the nursing profession.
Conclusion: Job stress, the lack of freedom and independence in the clinical environment, discrimination, and the probability of catching an illness have higher prominence in influencing nurses' tendency to leave work. These factors can be mitigated by altering managerial techniques within organizations.
Scoping Review of Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems in Reducing Medical Errors
Authors: Alizadeh Gisoo , Jafarzadeh Adineh , Farough Khosravi Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Background: Medical errors have dramatic clinical and economic consequences. Using various information technology can reduce medical errors and improve services’ quality via preventing medical errors. In this study, the role of a computerized medical order entry system was investigated in reducing medical errors.
Methods: This study was conducted as a scoping review. The research question was formulated; then, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, keywords (such as medical errors, adverse event, physician order entry system and control) and search strategy were determined. International databases(Scopus, ProQuest, and PubMed) and manual searches were used. The studies that had the inclusion criteria were entered into the study and were evaluated qualitatively, then information of studies was extracted and summarized.
Results: In total, 16 studies were included. Most studies were about medication errors and adverse medication events. So, it is possible to claim more confidently about reducing medication errors to adverse medication events, since in studies, the impact of this system on medication errors had been further discussed. Some studies have pointed to an increase in error reports due to better checking and error entry with this system, and in general, the positive impact of this action has been mentioned in minimizing errors, especially medication errors and adverse medication events. Positive and significant effects have also been reported on prescribing errors, especially medication prescriptions.
Conclusion: Computerization of medical orders through its positive effects, can be considered a useful and appropriate intervention in increasing patient safety if implemented completely and correctly.
Experience of Implementing Water Safety Plan in Iran: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kishipour Amin , Mostafaloo Roqiyeh , Mehdipour Rabori Mohsen , Ghordouei-Milan Esfandiar , Hosseini Farzaneh , Aali Rahim
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The water safety plan is a systematic approach that aims to ensure the quality of water distributed to consumers. In 2004, the World Health Organization issued a statement implementing the water safety plan. The plan is underway in Iran. The purpose of this study is to review the studies conducted from 2004 to 2020.
Materials and Methods: Present article is a systematic review study to search for keywords in a combination of "water safety plan" (WSP), "Iran", "Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points", (HACCP) and "water" in international databases including: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, as well as national databases include: Magiran and SID.
Results: In the initial search, 671 articles were found that after screening based on the Prisma checklist, 15 articles were included in the study for further review. The results showed that in the implementation of WSP, the highest score is related to Qom city with 68.64% and the lowest value is related to Khoy city with 17.5%. Improvement and upgrade program, support program development, and review of WSP courses have received less attention. Low staff familiarity with WSP, insufficient team composition and lack of coordination between them in holding regular meetings can be the reason for poor implementation of WSP in Iran.
Conclusion: The full implementation of the water safety plan controls the risks in the water supply system and reduces costs, as well as improves and increases the quality of water distributed to consumers.
Applicability of Escherichia Coli As an Indicator for Assessing Quality of Disinfectants and Antiseptic During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fallahzadeh Reza Ali , Omidi Fariborz , Ghadirian Davoud , Fallahzadeh Azimeh , Nafisi Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The application of disinfectant agents is a common way to fight against micro-organisms. Although there are different types of disinfectant agents to fight COVID-19, many of them do not have the required quality and efficiency. The present work was aimed to evaluate the quality of the available disinfectant agents using gram-negative E. coli bacteria.
Materials and Methods: In the laboratory phase of the research, the gram-negative E. coli bacteria were used to evaluate the quality of disinfectants. According to the proposed laboratory method, microbial kit was prepared and used to evaluate the performance of disinfectants.
Results: Based on the obtained results, 1.0 mL of microbial suspension in the test tube, as microbial kit, is used for quality assessment of the disinfectants. Also, based on the results and considering the optimum conditions, in case of growth of microorganisms, the quality of disinfectant is evaluated as unfavorable, and in the absence of growth of microorganisms, the quality of disinfectant is considered appropriate in terms of its effect on gram-negative bacteria and weaker microorganisms.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, E. coli can be used as a reliable indicator for assessing the quality of the disinfectant agents used against COVID 19.
Investigation of Electrocoagulation Process for Efficient Removal of Bisphenol A from the Aqueous Environment: Promising Treatment Strategy
Authors: Dolatabadi Maryam , Malekahmadi Roya , Ghorbanian Akram , Ahmadzadeh Saeid
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Endocrine disruptive compounds as a class of organic contaminants in the aquatic environment received severe attention in the last decades. The release of bisphenol A (BPA) as a hazardous organic chemical into the environment has caused high health and environmental concerns. Therefore, its removal from aquatic environments is strongly recommended. The present study deals with BPA removal efficiency from an aqueous environment using the electrocoagulation process (ECP).
Materials and Methods: The effects of parameters including BPA concentration (1-10 mg L-1), current density (3-15 mA cm-2), pH (4-10), and reaction time (5-30 min) on the treatment process were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for optimization of the ECP. The significance of the developed model was investigated by the obtained F-value and P-value.
Results: The maximum BPA removal of 98.2% was attained at pH of 8.5, BPA concentration of 3.25 mg L-1, the current density of 12.0 mA cm-2, and reaction time of 23 min. The significance of the developed model was confirmed by the high F-value of 46.69 and the very low P-value of < 0.0001. Furthermore, the electrical energy consumption of the process was found to be 0.308 kWh m-3 in the optimum condition.
Conclusion: The obtained experimental results revealed that the co-precipitation and the adsorption process through the electrostatic interactions as the main removal mechanisms controlled the treatment process.
Assessment of Emergency Response Preparedness in Power Plant Using FEMA Method (Case Study: South Isfahan Power Plant)
Authors: Kazemian Talkhooncheh Alireza , Akhavan Afarin , Halvani Gholamhossein
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify all activities to be sufficiently prepared for emergencies in the power plant industries using the method of the Federal Crisis Management Organization in the south Isfahan power plant.
Materials and Methods: In this research, a checklist tool of 117 questions in 9 sections based on the FEMA method has been used. Checklists were localized. To check the face and content validity of the checklists, the opinions of three technical experts were used, and to check the reliability of the research subjects, the test-retest test was used, and to measure the reliability of the checklists, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used with an emphasis on internal correlation. The obtained alpha coefficient was 0.76. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that the power plant preparedness for general emergencies is 77.5%, winter storms and extreme cold 80%, storm 73.33%, overheating 70%, chemical storage 88.57%, earthquake 65%, Fire and explosion is 87%, flood 63.33%, and lightning 92%. The highest level of preparedness with 92% was related to the lightning checklist and the lowest level of readiness with 63.33% was related to floods.
Conclusion: In general, despite the differences in the readiness of the power plant against various accidents, the average level of preparedness for all accidents is higher than average. However, a number of appropriate measures must be taken in each area and the level of preparedness must be increased in cases such as fires and explosions.
Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Humic Acid Increase the Bio-Degradation of Diesel Oil in Soil Polluted with Pb and Cd
Authors: Baghaie Amir Hossein
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Soil remediation is one of the most important fields in environmental studies. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and humic acid (HA) on increasing the bio-degradation of diesel oil in soil polluted with (lead) Pb and cadmium (Cd).
Materials and Methods: Treatments included foliar application of IAA (0 (control) and 30 ppm) and soil application of HA (0 (control) and 200 mg/kg soil) in the soil contaminated with Cd (0 (control), 10 and 15 mg/kg soil), Pb (0 (control) and 1600 mg/kg soil), and diesel oil (0 (control), and 8% (W/W)). The sunflower was planted in all soil samples. The plants were harvested after 70 days and Pb and Cd concentrations of plants were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.
Results: Foliar application of IAA at the rate of 30 mg/l significantly increased the Cd and Pb phytoremediation by 14.8% and 13.4%, respectively. For HA application, it was increased by 11.3% and 10.2%, respectively.  A significant increase was found in degradation percentage of diesel oil in soil by 12.6%, when the soil was treated with 200 mg HA/kg soil.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that application of organic amendments such as IAA or HA can be a suitable way for increasing plant growth and increasing plant phytoremediation efficiency, especially in the soil contaminated with diesel oil. However, the phytoremediation efficiency is dependent on the plant physiology and the type of soil pollution that should be considered.
Functionalization of Synthesized Nanoporous Silica and Its Application in Malachite Green Removal from Contaminated Water
Authors: Hassan-Zadeh Bahman , Rahmanian Reza , Salmani Mohammad Hossein , Salmani Mohammad Javad
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Nanoporous silica has received growing interest for its unique application potential in pollutant removal. Therefore, the development of a simple technique is required to synthesize and functionalize the nanoporous materials for industrial application.
Materials and Methods: The synthesis of nanoporous silica was investigated by the template sol-gel method, and it functionalized as an adsorbent for adsorption of malachite green. The morphology and structure of the prepared and functionalized nanoporous silica were studied using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique. Subsequently, the effective parameters such as solution pH, contact time, and initial concentration on the adsorption process were optimized by adsorption tests.
Results: The results showed that high-order nanoporous silica had been produced with an average diameter of 20.12 nm and average pore volume of 1.04 cm3.g−1. It was found that the optimum parameters of pH, initial concentration and contact time for malachite green adsorption on nanoporous silica were 6.5, 10 mg.l-1, and 60 min, respectively. The experimental data confirmed the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.995) and the obtained kinetic data followed the pseudo-first-order equation. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir isotherm was found to be 116.3 mg.g-1.
Conclusion: The high adsorption capacity showed that the acid-functionalized nanoporous silica adsorbent can be used as an adequate adsorbent to remove malachite green from aquatic environments. The large surface area can be suggested that the silica nanoporous will have potential application prospects as the adsorbent.
Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water Resources of North East of Iran in 2018
Authors: Sadeghi Mahdi , Noroozi Mina
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Contamination of water with heavy metals has turned into a health concern, particularly in the developing countries. In this study, concentration of heavy metals and associated carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic risk was investigated in water samples collected from Gonbad-e Kavus, a high-risk area for cancer.
Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from Gorgan River, Golestan reservoir and wells around villages with high prevalence in 2018. Samples were analysed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After determining the concentration of heavy metals in water samples from different sources, health risk assessment was carried out according to the Environmental Protection Agency. 
Results: Arsenic in samples 6-9 was higher than 10 µg/L, calcium and magnesium in sample 5 was higher than 200 mg/L and 150 mg/L respectively, and sodium in all samples was higher than 50 mg/L.  According to the findings, these concentrations were higher than the maximum allowed limit in most water samples. Hazard quotient (HQ) in samples 8 and 9 were associated with arsenic and health risk in sample 1 was related to antimony. Furthermore, since all samples contained high amounts of lithium, water from this area better should not be consumed by children older than one year.
Conclusion: Given the high rate of arsenic contamination, consumption of water in the study area could be health threatening for all individuals and is not recommended for children. This highlights the need for taking immediate actions to review the water treatment process and ensure safety of the drinking water in this area.
DIASPORIC AND CROSS-CULTURAL IDENTITIES IN PAKISTANI FILM KHUDA KE LIYE (IN THE NAME OF GOD)
Authors: Sibtain Masroor , Javed Asad , Aslam Talha , Iqbal Zafar
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The study aims to identify the various diasporic identities, hybrid identities, and identity crisis analyses of a Pakistani film, ‘Khuda Kay Liye’ released on July 20, 2007, written, directed, and produced by Shoaib Mansoor.

Method: The present study is qualitative by nature and interpretive by approach. The researchers collected the primary data from the film watching it profoundly. The secondary data was collected from the various relevant articles published in periodicals/journals to build the theoretical argument—analyzing the data utilizing the thematic analysis technique.

Main Findings: This qualitative analysis enlightens more significant issues about diaspora and identities in the focused film. Individuals in the film represent themselves distinctive living in another society, culture, or religion, practicing their native (Pakistani) cultural norms and ideologically. Moreover, as a subordinate ethnic group, specifically Muslim characters in the film, face discrimination and oppression. Through qualitative discussions based on excerpts dealing with socio-cultural behavior, the researchers concluded that diasporic identities constitute the core thematic content of the film.

Application of the Study: The study would be significant for understanding diasporic and hybrid identities. The academic researcher may adopt the theoretical framework of the present research to employ it on the other genres of Pakistani literature to find the diasporic identities and identity crises. The teachers of Pakistani literature would also seek help to understand and teach the concepts analyzed in the research.

The Study’s Originality: The study is contemporary as it employs conceptual, theoretical frameworks to explore the diasporic features in a film.
CARICATURES AND RELIGIO-POLITICAL IDEOLOGY IN PAKISTANI PRINT MEDIA DISCOURSES
Authors: Sajid Muhammad Akber , Khan Muhammad Riaz , Sumaira  , Jamil Muhammad Javaid
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: The research intends to decode semiotic discourses of Pakistani English newspaper daily DAWN from 1st October 2020 to 30th November 2020 to know how to word- picture conjunction works to mirror social reality about two Pakistani religiopolitical parties leaders (Jamait-e Islami & Jamait-ul –ulma Islam, (henceforth JI and JUI)). It also attempts to know how politics is done in the name of religion.

 

Methodology: The data for the present study was collected from the Pakistani English newspaper Dawn (daily) and analyzed at linguistic and semiotic levels by employing Hodge & Kress's (1997) research model. Besides, Kruger & Casey's (2000) model was operationalized to analyze focus group discussion data at five levels. It was done to validate researchers' semiotic analysis with general perception.

Main Finding: The study finds that highlighting the rhetoric of politics is one of the prominent features of print media semiotic discourses. The heads of religiopolitical parties use different visual and verbal practices to disseminate their political ideologies in the name of religion. The use of word-picture conjunction is a more persuasive technique for ideological investment.

Application of the Study: This study is significant for the researchers interested in media studies to know how ideologically loaded visual and verbal practices employed in print media discourses help disseminate ideology in and behind lessons.

Novelty/Originality of the study: The study is unique because it has critically decoded written and semiotic discourses of the mentioned Pakistani English newspaper related to the PDM anti-government move. It highlights that visual and verbal practices are more persuasive to propagate desired ideology. To the best of researchers' knowledge, this semiotic data has not been researched through this perspective before.
Determinants of Preeclampsia in a Tertiary Hospital in South East Nigeria
Authors: Njelita Ifeoma Anne , Nwachukwu Chinyerem Cynthia , Eyisi Gabriel Ifeanyi , Akabuike Josephat Chukwudi Akabuike , Ezenyeaku Chijioke Amara , Ifeadike Chigozie Ozoemena
Published: June 2021

Background:
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related disorder. Symptoms commonly associated with it include elevated blood pressure, protein in the urine and leg swelling. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality especially in limited resource settings. This study was aimed at determining the risk factors for preeclampsia in a tertiary hospital in south east Nigeria.                                                                                                                       
 Methods:
 This was a retrospective case-control study carried out at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University teaching hospital Awka, south east of Nigeria. There were 50 cases with 100 controls. Data was retrieved from hospital case notes of both cases and controls. Tables were used to illustrate the descriptive statistics comparing the cases and controls. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test. To ascertain the determinants of preeclampsia, Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted.                                                                                             
Results:
Maternal age less than 30 years, lower educational status, primigravida, previous history of pregnancy induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, maternal obesity, chronic hypertension, diabetes, and family history of preeclampsia were predictive of preeclampsia (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.50, 9.08, 20.25, 76.47, 5.11, 7.53, 2.73, 10.78, and 3.57 respectively).                                       
Conclusions:
The identified determinants of preeclampsia from this study especially previous history of pregnancy induced hypertension, primigravida, family history of preeclampsia among others should serve as a basis for the screening of antenatal clinic attendees for preeclampsia. This will serve to identify at risk pregnant women, and enhance early diagnosis and intervention to improve feto-maternal outcomes.
Karadağ Beyi Durad Crnojevic’in Teftiş Defteri (1492)
Authors: Emecen Feridun M.
Published: June 2021

Zeta bölgesi beyleri olarak önemli bir siyasi figür olan Crnojević ailesinin Osmanlılarla olan bağları, himaye ve hakimiyet süreçleri açısından tipik bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. Bu aile hakkında birçok araştırma mevcuttur, bunların bazılarında Osmanlı Arşivleri ve kaynaklarındaki bilgilere de ulaşılmış gözükmektedir. Ancak Osmanlı Arşivinde yeni zuhur eden II. Bayezid dönemine ait ahkam, teftiş kayıtları arasında aile hakkında bugüne kadar farkına varılmamış yeni bilgiler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu makalede, II. Bayezid dönemindeki Osmanlı-Venedik çatışmaları sırasında bulun- duğu bölgeden kaçıp Venediklilere sığınan ve sonra yeniden Osmanlılara müracaat ederek eski toprakları üzerinde bir beklentiye giren, ama kendisine Anadolu tarafında timar verilerek ana bölgesinden uzaklaştırılan Đurađ Crnojević’in 1496’da ülkesini terk edişinden hemen sonra yapılan tahririn bir parçası olarak düzenlenen bir teftiş defterinin neşri ve değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bu kayıtlar bugün Karadağ’ın tarihin- de önemli rol oynamış olan Crnojević ailesi hakkında yeni bilinmeyen bilgiler ihtiva etmesiyle ayrı bir önem taşır.
Charlotte A. Jirousek and Sara Catterall, Ottoman Dress and Design in the West: Visual History of Cultural Exchange,
Authors: Çelik Murat
Published: June 2021

Osmanlı döneminde giyilen kıyafetlere ilişkin çeşitli çalışmalar mevcutsa da araştırmalar genel olarak kumaş konusu üzerinden gelişim göstermektedir. Bu bakımdan Charlotte A. Jirousek’in Osmanlı-Avrupa merkezli bir mukayeseye girişmesi Ottoman Dress and Design in the West: Visual History of Cultural Exc- hange isimli eserini ilgi çekici kılmaktadır. Ömer Lutfi Barkan ile Mübahat S. Kütükoğlu başta olmak üzere pek çok araştırmacının estetik gerekçeler dışında çalışmaları varsa da, Osmanlı giyim tarihine ilişkin araştırmaların belirgin bir biçimde estetik çerçevede değerlendirilmesi konunun genel olarak sanat tarihinin içinde ele alınmasıyla sonuçlanmıştır. Ancak giyimin sanat tarihinin dışında tarih, ekonomi, uluslararası ilişkiler, antropoloji ve benzeri çalışma alanları içinde de ele alınmasının gerekliliği ifade edilebilir. Çünkü giyim, taşıdığı pek çok değer ve malumat bakımından estetik yaklaşımın sınırlarını aşmakta ve duruma göre başka bir kimliğe bürünmektedir.
Rıza Yıldırım, Menâkıb-ı Evliyâ (Buyruk): Tarihsel Arka Plan, Metin Analizi, Edisyon- Kritik Metin,
Authors: Güleç İsmail
Published: June 2021

Günümüz Türk tarihçileri arasında Alevilik ve Bektaşilik konusunda çalış- maları ile dikkat çeken araştırmacılardan biri olan Rıza Yıldırım başarılı bir çalış- maya daha imza atarak Alevilik inancının temellerini oluşturan kaynak metinleri, oluşum süreçlerini değerlendiren inceleme ile birlikte yayınladı. Daha önceki iki çalışmasında, Alevilik ve Bektaşiliğin aralarında benzerlik olmakla birlikte oluşum süreci ve sosyolojik tabanı bakımından farklı inanç sistemleri olduğunu tarihî ve itikâdî konulardaki temelleri ile izah eden Rıza Yıldırım bu sefer Alevilik tarihin- deki, 16. asır öncesi ile sonrasındaki büyük değişimi Buyruk ve Safevî kaynakla- rından yararlanarak açıklamaktadır.
Drug Discovery and Treatment of an Emerging Pandemic Infection Covid-19
Authors: MİSHRA Arunesh , MİSHRA Pratibha , DAS Ratnesh
Published: June 2021

In the last decades, two serious coronaviruses have appeared in humans and animals, SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS-CoV (middle east respiratory syndrome) are also contagious viruses that causes ARDS stands for acute respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV in 2003 and MERS-CoV in 2012 are characterized as a high mortality rate. This novel human respiratory coronaviruses, also known as SARS n-CoV or SARS-CoV-2, are needed to rapidly provide therapeutic options to reduce and prevent the spread of this outbreak. For such infections, there are currently no scientifically approved precautions or anti - viral products authorized.; therefore, effective remedial and preventive strategies have to be developed that can be easily applied to this newly emerging epidemic. In addition to all these, some therapeutic options are also being evaluated that are used for Covid-19, which includes inhibitory virus molecules or molecules that target specific replication and transcription enzymes. Since the drugs remdesivir, lopinavir-ritonavir, favipiravir, camostat mesylate, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine were originate closely stand high successful in controlling infection, Covid-19 looks promising. The research on Covid-19, discuss the efficacy of the several drug and vaccines against Covid-19 and previous outbreaks of SARS and MERS, and provide recommendations for new modes of treatment, assessment, and clinical research on such terrible epidemic. This paper will summarize and discuss the main biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the current scenario of emerging Covid-19 infections, as well as explain the current therapeutic medications treating Covid-19, based on the clinical trial data.
АНАЛИЗ ПРОЦЕССА ДЕФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ГРУНТОВОЙ ДАМБЫ ПРИ ЗАПОЛНЕНИИ ЧАШИ ХВОСТОХРАНИЛИЩА
Authors: Ефремов Евгений Юрьевич
Published: June 2021

Актуальность. Мониторинг деформаций грунтовых дамб хвостохранилищ – это важный элемент в обеспечении промышленной безопасности. Результатом деформационного мониторинга являются зафиксированные смещения поверхности дамб или отдельных марок деформационной сети. Однако не все фиксируемые смещения являются опасными. В данной работе обосновано разделение фиксируемых смещений на деформации склонов, представляющее опасность прорывов, и оседания вследствие сжатия нижерасположенного массива горных пород, не представляющие опасности. Целью работы является определение характера механического воздействия заполняемого резервуара хвостохранилища на ограждающую дамбу и окружающую земную поверхность на примере одного из хвостохранилищ. Примененный подход в оценке деформирования грунтовых дамб базируется на соотношениях между наблюдаемыми смещениями, характеристиками объекта и интенсивностью складирования отходов. При этом принципиально важно, что нет зависимости между предлагаемой обработкой измерений и методами определения смещений. Методы. Измерение и обработка результатов осуществлялись при помощи геодезических методов – геометрического нивелирования и ГНСС позиционирования. Анализ результатов производился с помощью статистических и геостатистических методов. Результаты и выводы. Установлено, что в течение восьми серий измерений преобладающим типом смещений являются оседания. Анализ измерений показал, что горизонтальные смещения пунктов наблюдательной станции находятся на уровне погрешности измерений. Распределение оседаний марок дамбы хвостохранилища, характер деформирования головной плотины, а также отсутствие значимых горизонтальных смещений позволяют заключить, что тело дамбы находится в устойчивом состоянии, а фиксируемые оседания – проявление деформации естественного массива в основании гидросооружения под нагрузкой веса складируемых хвостов.
POLISH CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF ELBOW ASSESSMENT SCORES: OXFORD ELBOW SCORE, AMERICAN SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGEONS-ELBOW, MAYO ELBOW PERFORMANCE SCORE AND SUMMARY OUTCOME DETERMINATION QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: Kaszyński Jakub , Wałecka Joanna , Ślęzak Marta , Imirowicz Agata , Wyrwiński Marcin , Lubiatowski Przemysław
Published: June 2021

Introduction Elbow pain and related problems are commonly seen in doctors’ or physiotherapists’ general practice. Patient-rated questionnaires are a helpful tool in quantifying functional abilities and subjective feelings of patients who struggle with elbow problem. To the authors knowledge up to date there are no Polish versions of questionnaires related to elbow problems. Aim The purpose of this study is to translate and adapt four elbow questionnaires to suit Polish patients: Oxford Elbow Score (OES), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons-Elbow (ASES-E) and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and Summary Outcome Determination (SOD). This is initial phase and in the next, adapted questionnaires will be validated. Materials and methods Cultural adaptation of the selected questionnaires to the Polish culture has been conducted in five stages according to the international guidelines and was supervising by committee. Cultural adaptation process included translating each score from English into Polish, reversetranslation and testing of created version on a group of 30 people. Results There have been no major difficulties during cultural adaptation process. The only problem was certain words which had no equivalents in Polish. Testing of the prefinal versions did not bring any objections. Conclusions In conclusion, new Polish versions of OES, ASES-E, MEPS and SOD score will be very useful in elbow assessment, in daily practice of doctors and physiotherapists. They will help to unify evaluation of the patients and give a possibility of comparing the results of different treatment methods.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS WITH SIMPLE BONE CYST
Authors: Kasprzyk Maciej , Łuczak Michał , Wawrzyniak Anna , Romanowski Leszek
Published: June 2021

Introduction Simple bone cyst is benign fluid-filled lesion localized mainly in long bones. It is usually diagnosed in the first two decades, the most common in proximal humerus. Unicameral bone cyst is often asymptomatic but can cause pathological fracture. Aim of the study The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical, diagnostic and treatment factors concerning patients with simple bone cyst. Material and methods The retrospective analysis was performed on 22 patients treated in Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery in Poznań between 2001 and 2017. We have analyzed epidemiological factors: age and sex; symptoms; clinical examination: range of motion, presence of pain; X-ray: localisation, cyst index of Kaelin and MacEwan and presence of pathological fractures; treatment: methods, number of hospitalizations and effectiveness. Results Mean age of patients was 10.8. From 22 patients 11 were females. Generally bone cyst was diagnosed because of pathological fracture – 18 patients (85.7%). Other reasons of X-ray diagnostic were: pain – 2 patients (9.1%), deformity – 1 patient (4.5%), incidentally – 2 patients (9.1%). The bone cyst was localized in humerus – 21 patients (95.5%), radius – 1 patient (4.5%). Treatment methods were various: 7 patients (31.8%) – Depomedrol injections, 4 patients (18.1%) – marrow injections, 4 patients (18.1%) – marrow and Depomedrol injections, 5 patients (22.7%) – injections with additional bone grafts, 3 patients (13.6%) – only bone grafts. Conclusions Simple bone cyst occurs generally in young people (under twenty). The most common problem is a pathological fracture. Treatment is long and multistage
A biotechnológia hazánkban
Authors: Zrubka Zsombor , Kincses Áron , Gilyán Csaba , Huber Anikó , Horváth Zsófia , Huszák Loretta , Tóth Barbara , Pogány Petra , Gulácsi László
Published: June 2021

A biotechnológia, mely élő vagy élettelen anyagokat változtat meg tudás, termékek vagy szolgáltatások létrehozásáért, a nemzetközi versenyképességet meghatározó alaptechnológiák egyike. A Magyar Biotechnológiai Szövetség által koordinált BNTP (Biotechnológiai Nemzeti Technológiai Platform) 2009-ben határozta meg a biotechnológiai ipar 2030-ra elérendő stratégiai céljait. A szerzők tanulmányukban a biotechnológiai ipar helyzetét, valamint a 2030-ig terjedő fejlesztési célkitűzések alakulását kívánják felmérni, továbbá a szektor működésének, teljesítményének, társadalmi-gazdasági hasznának mérését lehetővé tevő adatok azonosítására vállalkoznak. Áttekintik a hazai biotechnológiai iparról publikált jelentéseket, megvizsgálják a biotechnológiai szektor definíciós lehetőségeit. A szektor üzleti és tudományos indikátorait teljes körben felölelő adatbázis nem áll rendelkezésre, így a 2008 és 2018 közötti időszakra vonatkozó fő teljesítménymutatókat többféle adatforrás (a KSH [Központi Statisztikai Hivatal] által vezetett OSAP [Országos Statisztikai Adatfelvételi Program], a TEÁOR [Tevékenységek Egységes Ágazati Osztályozási Rendszere], illetve cégekre vonatkozó adatokat tartalmazó [Cégfürkész] adatbázis) és módszer alkalmazásával elemzik. Feltételezésük szerint a biotechnológiai célú kutatások tudományos eredményei és a biotechnológiai ipar helyzete között összefüggés mutatható ki, ezért a hazai kutatók biotechnológiai témájú tudományos teljesítményét is vizsgálják.
Fathoming Slavery
Authors: Saccal Alessandro
Published: June 2021

Wherever dechristianisation could not have possibly materialised, in those polities which abandoned God to start with, since the Fall to the eschaton, slavery was never substantially execrated, having continued to this day, net of abolitionism, in globalisation. Thence the perduring Arab slave trade over one millennium and the improbability of an end to the Atlantic one absent abolitionism, which would have withal flowed indeed into globalisation. No sooner was Western Europe by contrast dechristianised at heart, in the tares of Protestantism, than the internal slave raids ended together with the tutelage of feudalism.
Mandatory audit firm rotation: A student perspective An assessment of the perceived impact on auditor independence
Authors: Gwala Msizi , Nomlala Bomi Cyril
Published: June 2021

Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation (MAFR), set to be implemented in South African from 1 April 2023, is poised by its propellers the world over as an essential reform in the efforts to improve auditor independence. Available literature suggests that there is no consensus regarding the impact of the implementation of MAFR. The divergent views on MAFR were demonstrated in recent time, with the European Union (EU) choosing to adopt it, while regulators in the United States decided to reject it. This paper examines the perspective of university auditing students on MAFR by examining the perceived impact it could have on auditor independence. The study finds that the majority (from 413 participants) of students surveyed are of the view that MAFR would yield positive outcomes on independence. The majority, however, agree on the MAFR Independence Benefit but warn about the possible negative consequences. MAFR will strengthen the independence of auditors.
Revealing the potential of fraud in the financial management of village-owned enterprise
Authors: Hapsari Aprina Nugrahesthy Sulistya , Utami Intiyas , Kean Yohanes Yakobus Werang
Published: June 2021

This research is a qualitative-descriptive study conducted to identify fraud that occurs in the financial management of BUMDes (Village-Owned Enterprises). BUMDes is a business entity established through village capital inclusion which aims to manage existing assets, services, and businesses for village income contribution. In connection with this capital management, villages are required to be fully responsible for managing their capital in a transparent and accountable manner. The object of this research is BUMDEs (Village-Owned Enterprise) X in Wologai Tengah Village of Ende, Flores, where data collection was obtained through in-depth interviews with sources and documentation of documents that can support the results of this research. The results show that BUMDes X in Wologai Tengah Village of Ende, Flores is still vulnerable to the potential risk of fraud. This is because some parties still feel that their interests are more important than that of others. However, BUMDes X still promotes a culture of deliberation that involves the community in making decisions.
Is there any interaction between real earnings management and accrual-based earnings management?
Authors: Buanaputra Vogy Gautama
Published: June 2021

This research aims to investigate whether firms employ real earnings management (REM) and accrual-based earnings management (AEM) as substitutes for each other when managing earnings to meet earnings benchmarks. It specifically looks at the sequential nature of both forms of earnings management. REM is proxied by an abnormal amount of operating cash developed by Dechow et al. (1998), while AEM is proxied by the discretionary accrual model by Dechow, Sloan, & Sweeney (1995). The data was obtained from the Economics and Business Data Center, Faculty of Economics and Business, Gadjah Mada University, focusing on manufacturing and mining companies during the period from 2005 to 2013, which resulted in 754 firm-years data. Using correlation tests and an empirical model developed by this research, which captures the interaction between REM and AEM, this research shows that firms use both forms of earnings management sequentially; managers more often engage in accrual-based earnings management if the earnings produced by real manipulations do not meet the earnings target. This finding is important as REM and AEM occur sequentially instead of simultaneously, and earnings performance is not only driven by accrual-based earnings management but also by real earnings management.
Insolvency and financial health prediction model for the listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Fachrudin Khaira Amalia
Published: June 2021

An insolvency and financial health prediction model is an important warning to decision-makers. This study aims to design a model that provides numbers and ranges for prediction of company insolvency and financial health. The study population is all the listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, while the sample consists of 216 companies that had negative equity from 2010 to 2019 and 216 companies with positive equity. The independent variables include the solvency and profitability ratios in one and two years before the insolvency. Logistic regression was used as an analysis tool. The results are 24 prediction models. The comprehensive one revealing the solvency ratio in the previous one year and the profitability ratio in the previous one and two years can predict the probability of insolvency and financial health.
An analysis on fraud tendency of village government officials
Authors: Dewi Herlina Rahmawati , Mahmudi Mahmudi , Maulana Rafiq
Published: June 2021

This research aims to analyze the influence of information asymmetry, religiosity, organizational culture, and regulatory enforcement toward fraud tendency of village government officials. This study employed a survey approach as the method to obtain data. Regression analysis was used to test the proposed hypotheses. From seventy-one respondents working as village government administrators in thirty-five villages in Magetan Regency, East Java Province, this study has found that information asymmetry, religiosity, organizational culture, and regulatory enforcement significantly affect the village government officials’ tendency to commit fraud.
Determining factors of earnings management based on accrual model
Authors: Wulandari Soliyah , Suganda Asep Dadan
Published: June 2021

The research objective is to find empirical evidence of the factors influencing accruals earnings management in Jakarta Islamic Index Listed Companies which include company size, leverage, company age, profitability, and board directors. The population of the research is Jakarta Islamic Index Listed Companies. 13 samples were taken from these companies using the purposive sampling method and based upon the sample criteria. 71 observations were conducted on the 13 companies to obtain primary data of the research, while secondary data were collected through documentation of financial statement from Indonesia Stock Exchange. To test the research hypotheses, multiple regressions was used. The result of this research proved that company age and profitability have influence on accrual earnings management in Jakarta Islamic Index Listed Companies. On the other hand, company size, leverage, and board directors have no influence on accruals earnings management in Jakarta Islamic Index Listed Companies.
Good corporate governance, ethnic CEO and audit fees for manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange (IDX)
Authors: Kalsum Umi , Fuadah Luk Luk , Safitri Rika Henda
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of Good Corporate Governance, CEO ethnicity, and Audit Fees in Manufacturing Companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange within the period of 2014-2018. The independent variable used in this study is Good Corporate Governance, which is represented by the variable of the Independent Commissioner, Audit Committee, Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership and CEO Ethnicity, while the dependent variable used is Audit Fee. This quantitative research employed the descriptive research method. The population in this study included manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling with certain criteria and 220 data were obtained from observations within the period of 2014-2018. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software by performing calculations and descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, partial tests and determination coefficient tests.The results of this study indicate that Independent Commisioner, Audit Committee, Managerial Ownership, and CEO Ethnicity have a significantly positive impact on Audit Fees.
Digital natives and mobile payment: Do individual affective responses influence technology adoption and recommendation intention?
Authors: Pamungkas Sigit , Linggasari Triana
Published: June 2021

Technology advancement has transformed the recent trend of payment method from a traditional cash system to the use of electronic device connected to wireless network, known as mobile payment system. This study reviews the research model conducted by Verkijika (2020) which aimed to measure the effect of individual affective responses on the acceptance of mobile payment system by combining two theories: Social Cognitive Theory and Regret Theory. In particular, this research was conducted to observe the effects of affective responses on the behavior of digital native users. The structural model was applied to test the hypotheses using the SmartPLS 3.0 application. The data obtained through questionnaires collected from 301 respondents in Indonesia. The results of this study presented a variety of findings that were different from the comparative study. The findings indicate that there is no single affective factor that dominates the influence (of what?) on the users’ intentions to adopt and to recommend the use of mobile payment technology.
Tax avoidance in the Indonesian manufacturing industry
Authors: Manihuruk Ricardo Samuel , Arieftiara Dianwicaksih , Miftah Munasiron
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine tax avoidance in the Indonesian manufacturing industry. The control variable is the industrial sub-sector. In this study tax avoidance is proxied as book tax differences. This study focuses on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2015-2018 period. Using the STATA 13 regression data panel, this study shows that capital intensity has no significant effect on tax avoidance and inventory intensity has no significant effect on tax avoidance. However, this study found that industry auditors' specialization had a positive effect on tax avoidance. This study contributes to enhancing empirical evidence of audit quality, proxied by industry auditors' specialization can provide assurance of managers' tax avoidance activities did not violate the fairness principle, thus increase tax avoidance activities.