bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bond Stress Distribution and Bond–Slip Model of Deformed Steel Bars in Iron Tailing Sand Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Zhu Qian , Chen Jihao , He Yang , Sun Xialing
Published: May 2023

In this study, the bond stress distribution and bond–slip model of steel bars and iron tailing sand recycled aggregate concrete (ITRAC) were investigated using central pullout tests on 33 steel bars and ITRAC bonded specimens. The results show three failure modes for the bonded specimens: splitting, pullout, and splitting–pullout. Compared with the maximum bond strength of nature sand concrete (NAC), the maximum bond strength of the iron tailing concrete and ITRAC specimens increased by 23.12% and 6.08–23.96%, respectively. After adding 1% steel fiber, the maximum and residual bond strengths of ITRAC increased by 40.82% and 129.10%, respectively, compared with those of NAC. The maximum bond strength of ITRAC decreased after the configuration of the stirrups. The bond stress distribution characteristics of the ITRAC specimens resembled those of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Generally, two bond stress peaks emerged, and the uniformity of the bond stress distribution improved after adding RAC to the iron tailing sand (ITS). The results of the proposed ITRAC bond–slip constitutive model agreed with the test results.
Analysis of the Sustainable Driving Effect of Building Energy Consumption on Economic Development Based on the Sustainable Driving Force Model
Authors: Zhao Guodang , Wang Xin , Zheng Dezhi , Yang Changde
Published: May 2023

The environmental problems caused by building energy consumption (BEC) are becoming increasingly prominent. Reducing building energy consumption can not only effectively curb environmental pollution, but also continue to promote economic development. However, there are few reports on reducing building energy consumption to continuously promote economic development. Sustainable driving force (SDF) has been widely mentioned in past research as a common-sense concept, but few systematic studies have been carried out. The main research objectives of this article include two aspects: On the one hand, this study takes the lead in establishing an SDF model and conducting systematic research on SDF. On the other hand, based on the SDF model, an empirical study is conducted on the sustainable driving effect of reducing building energy consumption on economic development in China. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Research on the SDF model: Based on common examples, the objective reality of SDF has been theoretically proven. Based on the relevant theories of econometrics, this article believes that the “Granger causality test” and the “distributed lag regression model” can be used as basic tools for quantitative research of SDF models. (2) Research on the application of SDF model: From the Granger causality test, it can be seen that the current BEC intensity is the Granger cause of China’s economic development in the first and eighth cycles of the future. According to the results of the distributed lag regression model, reducing BEC intensity has a sustainable driving effect on economic development. Specifically, in the lagged period 1~8, the sustainable driving effect (reverse effect) of BEC on economic development gradually increases at first (coefficient value from 3878.52 to 5163.87), and then gradually decreases (coefficient value from 5163.87 to 783.534). To sum up, the SDF model can provide a reference for the quantitative study of SDF; studying the sustainable driving effect of BEC on economic development can provide a macro reference for the government to formulate “energy conservation and emission reduction” measures.
Looking through the Models: A Critical Review of Residential Satisfaction
Authors: Mridha Mozammel
Published: May 2023

The study of residential satisfaction has gained importance mainly for its recognition as an important constituent of quality of life. Several studies have investigated the cognitive and behavioural characteristics of inhabitants or the physical and social characteristics of residential environments to understand and evaluate residential satisfaction. However, only a small number of researchers have structured these variables into models to study and analyse the relationships among them. This paper reviews residential satisfaction through the primary models used to study residential satisfaction in order to critique their strengths and weaknesses. The majority of the models discussed in this paper employ subjective and objective attributes to evaluate residential satisfaction. The paper also points out that researchers should clearly define the physical limits of proposed models and the relationships between residents and their residential environments when developing a residential satisfaction model to avoid conceptual ambiguity. The findings of this paper could contribute to a conceptual and theoretical framework of current research on residential satisfaction, as well as providing suggestions for using models in practice and recommendations for future research.
Kahramanmaraş—Gaziantep, Türkiye Mw 7.8 Earthquake on 6 February 2023: Strong Ground Motion and Building Response Estimations
Authors: Papazafeiropoulos George , Plevris Vagelis
Published: May 2023

The effects on structures of the earthquake with the magnitude of 7.8 on the Richter scale (moment magnitude scale) that took place in Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye at 04:17 a.m. local time (01:17 UTC) on 6 February 2023, are investigated by processing suitable seismic records using the open-source software OpenSeismoMatlab. The earthquake had a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme) and it was followed by a Mw 7.5 earthquake nine hours later, centered 95 km to the north–northeast from the first. Peak and cumulative seismic measures as well as elastic response spectra, constant ductility (or isoductile) response spectra, and incremental dynamic analysis curves were calculated for two representative earthquake records of the main event. Furthermore, the acceleration response spectra of a large set of records were compared to the acceleration design spectrum of the Turkish seismic code. Based on the study, it is concluded that the structures were overloaded far beyond their normal design levels. This, in combination with considerable vertical seismic components, was a contributing factor towards the collapse of many buildings in the region. Modifications of the Turkish seismic code are required so that higher spectral acceleration values can be prescribed, especially in earthquake-prone regions.
Preparation of Two-Dimensional Layered CeO2/Bi2O3 Composites for Efficient Photocatalytic Desulfurization
Authors: Lu Xiaowang , Chen Wenxuan , Hou Haijun , Qian Junchao , Zhang Qinfang
Published: May 2023

A two-dimensional layered CeO2/Bi2O3 composite was synthesized by microwave solvothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to studied crystal structure, morphology, optical performance, elemental composition and the surface electronic state of the samples. The photocatalytic properties of the prepared samples were evaluated by photocatalytic desulfurization under visible light. When the molar ratio of Ce and Bi was 1:2, CeO2/Bi2O3 composite presented the highest photocatalytic desulfurization rate. Transient Photocurrent measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) showed that CeO2 and Bi2O3 formed a heterojunction, which could promote the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, improving the photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, it was found that the active species of hydroxyl radical (·OH) played an important role in the photocatalytic degradation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) based on the active species capture experiment. Finally, a plausible mechanism for the photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of this nanocomposite was proposed.
Gold(I)-Catalyzed Direct Alkyne Hydroarylation in Ionic Liquids: Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Bonfante Sara , Bax Pietro , Baron Marco , Biffis Andrea
Published: May 2023

The factors determining the catalytic performance of a recently discovered system for direct intermolecular alkyne hydroarylations, comprising a gold(I) complex of general formula LAuX (L = neutral ligand; X = weakly coordinating counteranion) and an ionic liquid as solvent, have been investigated. In particular, the effect of the ionic liquid anion, cation, and of the electronic and steric properties of the neutral ligand L have been considered. The results of the investigation shed some light in particular on the role of the anion, which is multiform and can potentially influence the catalytic performance in many respects, and on the role of the neutral ligand, which should be a relatively poor electron donor but not so much as to compromise the stability of the catalyst. Knowledge of the factors affecting catalytic performance will speed up the optimization of this catalytic system, in the case of direct alkyne hydroarylations with different substrates, and will also facilitate the extension of its application to other reactions.
Investigation on the Edge Doping Process of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials by In Situ Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry and Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Jiang Yihuang , Shi Zaifa , Zeng Qingjie , Zhang Jiangle , Deng Zefeng , Wang Qiaolin , Yang Jing , Yu Jingxiong , Qin Zhengbo , Tang Zichao
Published: May 2023

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials demonstrate high performance as electrodes in fuel cells and higher oxygen reduction reactivity than traditional Pt-based electrodes. However, the formation process of nitrogen-doped carbon materials has long been a mystery. In this study, the formation mechanism of nitrogen-doped carbon materials from polyaniline (PANI) pyrolysis was studied by the combination of in situ pyrolysis vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Py-VUVPI-TOF MS) and substrate-enhanced, laser-induced acoustic desorption source time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SE-LIAD-TOF MS). The initial pyrolysis species, including free radicals and intermediates, were investigated via in situ Py-VUVPI-TOF MS during the temperature-programmed desorption process (within tens of microseconds). The pyrolysis residues were collected and further investigated via SE-LIAD-TOF MS, revealing the product information of the initial pyrolysis products. The results show that the edge doping of carbon materials depends on free radical reactions rather than the direct substitution of carbon atoms by nitrogen atoms. Meanwhile, pyrrole nitrogen and pyridine nitrogen are formed by the free radical cyclization reaction and the amino aromatization reaction at the initial stage of pyrolysis, while the formation of graphitic nitrogen depends on the further polymerization reaction of pyrrole nitrogen and pyridine nitrogen.
The Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors on Neurogenesis
Authors: Jiang Mei , Jang Se Eun , Zeng Li
Published: May 2023

In the mammalian brain, neurogenesis is maintained throughout adulthood primarily in two typical niches, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and in other nonclassic neurogenic areas (e.g., the amygdala and striatum). During prenatal and early postnatal development, neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into neurons and migrate to appropriate areas such as the olfactory bulb where they integrate into existing neural networks; these phenomena constitute the multistep process of neurogenesis. Alterations in any of these processes impair neurogenesis and may even lead to brain dysfunction, including cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Here, we first summarize the main properties of mammalian neurogenic niches to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that neurogenesis plays an integral role in neuronal plasticity in the brain and cognition in the postnatal period. Given that neurogenesis can be highly modulated by a number of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, we discuss the impact of extrinsic (e.g., alcohol) and intrinsic (e.g., hormones) modulators on neurogenesis. Additionally, we provide an overview of the contribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to persistent neurological sequelae such as neurodegeneration, neurogenic defects and accelerated neuronal cell death. Together, our review provides a link between extrinsic/intrinsic factors and neurogenesis and explains the possible mechanisms of abnormal neurogenesis underlying neurological disorders.
CRMP2 Participates in Regulating Mitochondrial Morphology and Motility in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Brustovetsky Tatiana , Khanna Rajesh , Brustovetsky Nickolay
Published: May 2023

Mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics (alterations in morphology and motility of mitochondria) play critical roles in neuronal reactions to varying energy requirements in health and disease. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mitochondria undergo excessive fission and become less motile. The mechanisms leading to these alterations are not completely clear. Here, we show that collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is hyperphosphorylated in AD and that is accompanied by a decreased interaction of CRMP2 with Drp1, Miro 2, and Mitofusin 2, which are proteins involved in regulating mitochondrial morphology and motility. CRMP2 was hyperphosphorylated in postmortem brain tissues of AD patients, in brain lysates, and in cultured cortical neurons from the double transgenic APP/PS1 mice, an AD mouse model. CRMP2 hyperphosphorylation and dissociation from its binding partners correlated with increased Drp1 recruitment to mitochondria, augmented mitochondrial fragmentation, and reduced mitochondrial motility. (S)-lacosamide ((S)-LCM), a small molecule that binds to CRMP2, decreased its phosphorylation at Ser 522 and Thr 509/514, and restored CRMP2′s interaction with Miro 2, Drp1, and Mitofusin 2. This was paralleled by decreased Drp1 recruitment to mitochondria, diminished mitochondrial fragmentation, and improved motility of the organelles. Additionally, (S)-LCM-protected cultured cortical AD neurons from cell death. Thus, our data suggest that CRMP2, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, participates in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology and motility, and modulates neuronal survival in AD.
ATM Inhibition-Induced ISG15/IFI27/OASL Is Correlated with Immunotherapy Response and Inflamed Immunophenotype
Authors: Huang Chi-Han , Huang Yun-Cian , Xu Jun-Kai , Chen Si-Yun , Tseng Lu-Chia , Huang Jau-Ling , Lin Chang-Shen
Published: May 2023

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy can improve the survival of cancer patients with a high tumor mutation burden (TMB-H) or deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) in their tumors. However, most cancer patients without TMB-H and dMMR do not benefit from ICB therapy. The inhibition of ATM can increase DNA damage and activate the interferon response, thus modulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and the efficacy of ICB therapy. In this study, we showed that ATM inhibition activated interferon signaling and induced interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in cisplatin-resistant and parent cancer cells. The ISGs induced by ATM inhibition were correlated with survival in cancer patients who received ICB therapy. In oral cancer, high expressions of ISG15, IFI27, and OASL were associated with low expressions of ATM, the activation of inflamed immune pathways, and increased tumor-infiltrating scores of CD8+ T, natural killer, and dendritic cells. The high expressions of ISG15, IFI27, and OASL were also correlated with complete remission in patients with cervical cancer treated with cisplatin. These results suggest that ATM inhibition can induce the interferon response and inflamed TIME, which may benefit ICB therapy.
Quantitative Analysis of Separated Impurities inside Filter Cakes with Phantom-Aided X-ray Tomography
Authors: Friebel Judith Miriam , Neuber Diana , Buchwald Thomas , Ditscherlein Ralf , Peuker Urs Alexander
Published: May 2023

This study presents a new approach in the quantification of the deposited amount of impurity inside a filter cake made up of filter aid material. For this purpose, three-dimensional imaging by X-ray tomography is applied. Based on the X-ray attenuation properties, a model system consisting of kieselguhr as filter aid and barium sulphate as impurity is chosen. Due to the impurity particle size being smaller than the spatial resolution of the measuring setup, a calibration approach is necessary to gain insight into subvoxel information. A so-called phantom of similar material composition is prepared. The grey values are linearly correlated with the impurity volume fraction resulting in a calibration function, which facilitates the calculation of impurity volume fraction based on grey values measured inside the filter cake. First results are presented, showing that the approach delivers valid results for the chosen material system and reveals unexpected characteristics of the filter cake structure. Challenges in the context of the phantom approach and their influence on the obtained results are discussed.
Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity and Microstructural Growth of Cobalt-Substituted Ba1−xCoxTiO3 {x = 0, …, 1} Heterostructure
Authors: Jebali Sana , Meftah Mahdi , Mejri Chadha , Ben Haj Amara Abdesslem , Oueslati Walid
Published: May 2023

The photocatalytic degradation process and absorption kinetics of the aqueous solution of the Cibacron Brilliant Yellow 3G-P dye (Y) were investigated under UV-Vis light. Pure barium titanate BaTiO3 (BT) and cobalt ion-substituted barium Ba1−xCoxTiO3 (x = 0, …, 1) nano-compound powders (BCT) were synthesized using the sol–gel method and colloidal solution destabilization, and utilized as photocatalysts. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) crystal structure analysis of the BT nanoparticles (NPs) revealed a prominent reflection corresponding to the perovskite structure. However, impurities and secondary phase distributions were qualitatively identified in the PXRD patterns for x ≥ 0.2 of cobalt substitution rate. Rietveld refinements of the PXRD data showed that the BCT nano-compound series undergoes a transition from perovskite structure to isomorphous ilmenite-type rhombohedral CoTiO3 (CT) ceramic. The nanoparticles produced displayed robust chemical interactions, according to a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The BT and BCT nanoparticles had secondary hexagonal phases that matched the PXRD results and small aggregated, more spherically shaped particles with sizes ranging from 30 to 114 nm, according to transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Following a thorough evaluation of BCT nano-compounds with (x = 0.6), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) compositional elemental analysis revealed random distributions of cobalt ions. Through optical analysis of the photoluminescence spectra (PL), the electronic structure, charge carriers, defects, and energy transfer mechanisms of the compounds were examined. Due to the cobalt ions being present in the BT lattice, the UV-visible absorption spectra of BCT showed a little red-shift in the absorption curves when compared to pure BT samples. The electrical and optical characteristics of materials, such as their photon absorption coefficient, can be gathered from their UV-visible spectra. The photocatalytic reaction is brought about by the electron–hole pairs produced by this absorption. The estimated band gap energies of the examined compounds, which are in the range of 3.79 to 2.89 eV, are intriguing and require more investigation into their potential as UV photocatalysts. These nano-ceramics might be able to handle issues with pollution and impurities, such as the breakdown of organic contaminants and the production of hydrogen from water.
Relationship between Cognitive Strategies of Emotion Regulation and Dimensions of Obsessive–Compulsive Symptomatology in Adolescents
Authors: Ferrández-Mas Jesús , Moreno-Amador Beatriz , Marzo Juan C. , Falcó Raquel , Molina-Torres Jonatan , Cervin Matti , Piqueras José A.
Published: May 2023

Cognitive emotion regulation refers to the management of one’s emotions through cognitive strategies. Studies have found that individuals with obsessive–compulsive symptoms utilize emotion regulation strategies differently compared to those without these symptoms. This study aims to investigate the relationship between cognitive strategies for emotion regulation and specific dimensions of obsessive–compulsive symptoms in adolescents. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 307 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old. Associations between sociodemographic variables, obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and emotion regulation strategies were examined using regression and network analyses. Regression results indicated that emotion regulation strategies and gender accounted for 28.2% of the variation in overall obsessive–compulsive symptoms (p < 0.001) and that emotion regulation explained most variance in the symptom dimension of obsessing. Network analysis showed that self-blame and catastrophizing were uniquely linked to overall obsessive–compulsive symptoms, while several strategies were uniquely linked to specific symptom dimensions. The adaptive strategy that demonstrated the strongest association with obsessive–compulsive symptoms was refocus on planning, while maladaptive strategies included catastrophizing, self-blame, and rumination. In conclusion, the results support the relationship between cognitive strategies for emotion regulation and dimensions of obsessive–compulsive symptoms in adolescents, though these relations appear complex and require further investigation. Addressing emotion regulation in the prevention of obsessive–compulsive symptoms may be warranted, but prospective studies are needed.
Pediatric Conjunctivitis: A Review of Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Mahoney Matthew J. , Bekibele Ruegba , Notermann Sydney L. , Reuter Thomas G. , Borman-Shoap Emily C.
Published: May 2023

Conjunctivitis is a common pediatric problem and is broadly divided into infectious and non-infectious etiologies. Bacterial conjunctivitis makes up the majority of cases in children and often presents with purulent discharge and mattering of the eyelids. Treatment is supportive with an individual approach to antibiotic use in uncomplicated cases since it may shorten symptom duration, but is not without risks. Viral conjunctivitis is the other infectious cause and is primarily caused by adenovirus, with a burning, gritty feeling and watery discharge. Treatment is supportive. Allergic conjunctivitis is largely seasonal and presents with bilateral itching and watery discharge. Treatment can include topical lubricants, topical antihistamine agents, or systemic antihistamines. Other causes of conjunctivitis include foreign bodies and non-allergic environmental causes. Contact lens wearers should always be treated for bacterial conjunctivitis and referred to evaluate for corneal ulcers. Neonatal conjunctivitis requires special care with unique pathogens and considerations. This review covers essential information for the primary care pediatric provider as they assess cases of conjunctivitis.
Evaluation of a Pre-Filled Table and a Flowchart-Based Algorithm as Cognitive Aids to Reduce Deviations in Dose Calculation for Intraoperative Red Blood Cell Transfusions in Children—An International Web-Based Simulation
Authors: Piekarski Florian , Noone Stephanie , Engelhardt Thomas , Hellmich Martin , Wittenmeier Eva , Quintao Vinicius , Arnold Philip , Goobie Susan M. , Zacharowski Kai , Kaufmann Jost
Published: May 2023

Background: Transfusion of red blood cell concentrate can be life-saving, but requires accurate dose calculations in children. Aims: We tested the hypothesis that cognitive aids would improve identification of the correct recommended volumes and products, according to the German National Transfusion guidelines, in pediatric transfusion scenarios. Methods: Four online questionnaire-based scenarios, two with hemodynamically stable and two with hemodynamically unstable children, were sent to German and international pediatric anesthetists for completion. In the two stable scenarios, participants were given pre-filled tables that contained all required information. For the two emergency scenarios, existing algorithms were used and required calculation by the user. The results were classified into three categories of deviations from the recommended values (DRV): DRV120 (<80% or >120%), as the acceptable variation; DRV 300 (<33% or >300%), the deviation of concern for potential harm; and DRV 1000 (<10% or >1000%), the excessive deviation with a high probability of harm. Results: A total of 1.458 pediatric anesthetists accessed this simulation questionnaire, and 402 completed questionnaires were available for analysis. A pre-filled tabular aid, avoiding calculations, led to a reduction in deviation rates in the category of DRV120 by 60% for each and of DRV300 by 17% and 20%, respectively. The use of algorithms as aids for unstable emergencies led to a reduction in the deviation rate only for DRV120 (20% and 15% respectively). In contrast, the deviation rates for DRV300 and DRV1000 rose by 37% and 16%, respectively. Participants used higher transfusion thresholds for the emergency case of a 2-year-old compromised child than for the stable case with a patient of the same age (on average, 8.6 g/dL, 95% CI 8.5–8.8 versus 7.1 g/dL, 95% CI 7.0–7.2, p < 0.001) if not supported by our aids. Participants also used a higher transfusion threshold for unstable children aged 3 months than for stable children of the same age (on average, 8.9 g/dL, 95% CI 8.7–9.0 versus 7.9 g/dL, 95% CI 7.7–8.0, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of cognitive aids with precalculated transfusion volumes for determining transfusion doses in children may lead to improved adherence to published recommendations, and could potentially reduce dosing deviations outside those recommended by the German national transfusion guidelines.
The Relationship between Certain Parental/Household Socio-Economic Characteristics and Female Adolescent Obesity in Montenegro
Authors: Malovic Pavle , Vrevic Erol , Bacovic Dragan , Bojanic Danilo , Ljubojevic Milovan
Published: May 2023

Background: Considering that obesity is characterized today as a public health challenge and an epidemic in many countries in the world and that one of the main predictors for obesity is socio-economic status (SES), the aim of this paper was to assess the relationship between the SES of parents/guardians and female adolescent obesity in Montenegro. Methods: A stratified random probability sample method was used, and the number of participants in this study was 596, aged 15.8 ± 0.58, from all three regions in Montenegro. As SES was a factor in this research, specific SES parameters such as household wealth and parental educational level were collected for parent/guardian of each child. The following anthropometric indices were utilized to evaluate nutritional status: body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR). Results: Regarding nutritional status, it can be said that no statistically significant difference between female adolescents according to the regions of Montenegro was found. Of all the adolescents in the study, 15.4% of them were above the normal nutrition level as measured by BMI, while 12.2% were classified as obese by the WHtR. Furthermore, the study found a significant negative relationship between a mother’s level of education and obesity in female adolescents, with odds ratios of 0.31 (p = 0.035) and 0.19 (p = 0.009) for secondary and high level education, respectively. This suggests that daughters of mothers with higher levels of education are less likely to be obese. Conclusions: In regard to the nutritional status of the respondents in this study, their values fell within the normal range compared to the European average. However, the results regarding the relationship between certain SES characteristics and obesity suggest a similarity to developed countries.
Individual and Combined Association between Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Body Weight Dissatisfaction in a Sample of Adolescents from Southern Brazil
Authors: Zanlorenci Suellem , Gonçalves Leticia , de Lima Tiago Rodrigues , Silva Diego Augusto Santos
Published: May 2023

The individual and combined association between unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and body weight dissatisfaction in adolescents was investigated. This cross-sectional research used data from 676 students (348 female), aged between 14 and 19 years old (mean of 14.6 years old) from southern Brazil. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and body weight dissatisfaction were assessed through a questionnaire. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors included smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet, and were analyzed as individual factors and as combinations of behaviors. For males, smoking (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.6–4.0) and the combination of smoking/excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1–5.8) were directly associated with the desire to reduce body weight, whereas the combination of smoking/inadequate diet (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0–1.6) was associated with the desire to increase body weight. For females, the combinations of inadequate diet/physical inactivity (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0–2.5) and of smoking/excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4–2.8) were directly associated with the desire to reduce body weight. The presence of simultaneous unhealthy lifestyle behaviors is associated with bodyweight dissatisfaction in adolescents.
Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Structure, Crystallinity, and Photocatalytic Activity of Core-Shell SiO2@TiO2 and Mesoporous Hollow TiO2 Composites
Authors: Fu Ning , Chen Hongjin , Chen Renhua , Ding Suying , Ren Xuechang
Published: May 2023

TiO2 and core–shell SiO2@TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel process at different calcination temperatures. Mesoporous hollow TiO2 composites were prepared by etching SiO2 from SiO2@TiO2 nanoparticles with alkali solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM),Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and Roman and Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) were employed to characterize the synthesized materials. The effects of different calcination temperatures on the morphology, crystallinity, phase composition, and photocatalytic activity of the prepared materials were investigated in detail. It was found that the calcination temperature altered the phase structure, crystallinity, morphology, specific surface area, and porous structure. Additionally, it was verified that SiO2 could inhibit the transfer of TiO2 from anatase phase to rutile phase under high temperature calcination (850 °C). The hollow TiO2 calcined at 850 °C showed the highest photocatalytic efficiency of 97.5% for phenol degradation under UV irradiation.
Optical Interference Filters Combined with Thin Film Residual Stress Compensation for Image Contrast Enhancement
Authors: Tien Chuen-Lin , Su Shu-Hui , Cheng Ching-Ying , Chang Yuan-Ming , Mo Dong-Han
Published: May 2023

We propose two single-wavelength notch filters and one dual-wavelength (480 and 620 nm) notch filter to enhance image contrast. The stack structure of the notch filters was designed as (Ta2O5/SiO2)4Ta2O5 in Essential Macleod thin film simulation software. Dual-electron-beam evaporation with ion beam-assisted deposition was used to prepare optical interference filters with different center wavelengths. A multilayer notch filter with a center wavelength of 620 nm was deposited on the front surface of the glass, and then a notch filter with a center wavelength of 480 nm was coated on the rear surface of the same glass. The proposed dual-wavelength (480 and 620 nm) notch filter is a combination of two single-wavelength notch filters coated on a double-sided glass substrate to compensate for residual stress. The transmittance, residual stress, and surface roughness of the proposed notch filter were evaluated using different measuring instruments. The experimental results show that the residual stress of the dual-wavelength notch filter could be reduced to 10.8 MPa by using a double-sided coating technique. The root-mean-square (RMS) surface roughness of the notch filters was measured by using a Linnik microscopic interferometer. The RMS surface roughness was 1.80 for the 620 nm notch filter and 2.09 for the 480 nm notch filter. The image contrast obtained with the three different notch filters was measured using an optical microscope and a CMOS camera. The contrast value could be increased from 0.328 (without a filter) to 0.696 (dual-wavelength notch filter).
Marine Predators Algorithm for Sizing Optimization of Truss Structures with Continuous Variables
Authors: Bodalal Rafiq , Shuaeib Farag
Published: May 2023

In this study, the newly developed Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) is formulated to minimize the weight of truss structures. MPA is a swarm-based metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the efficient foraging strategies of marine predators in oceanic environments. In order to assess the robustness of the proposed method, three normal-sized structural benchmarks (10-bar, 60-bar, and 120-bar spatial dome) and three large-scale structures (272-bar, 942-bar, and 4666-bar truss tower) were selected from the literature. Results point to the inherent strength of MPA against all state-of-the-art metaheuristic optimizers implemented so far. Moreover, for the first time in the field, a quantitative evaluation and an answer to the age-old question of the proper convergence behavior (exploration vs. exploitation balance) in the context of structural optimization is conducted. Therefore, a novel dimension-wise diversity index is adopted as a methodology to investigate each of the two schemes. It was concluded that the balance that produced the best results was about 90% exploitation and 10% exploration (on average for the entire computational process).
An Integrated Statistical and Clinically Applicable Machine Learning Framework for the Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Uddin Md. Jamal , Ahamad Md. Martuza , Sarker Prodip Kumar , Aktar Sakifa , Alotaibi Naif , Alyami Salem A. , Kabir Muhammad Ashad , Moni Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological impairment condition that severely impairs cognitive, linguistic, object recognition, interpersonal, and communication skills. Its main cause is genetic, and early treatment and identification can reduce the patient’s expensive medical costs and lengthy examinations. We developed a machine learning (ML) architecture that is capable of effectively analysing autistic children’s datasets and accurately classifying and identifying ASD traits. We considered the ASD screening dataset of toddlers in this study. We utilised the SMOTE method to balance the dataset, followed by feature transformation and selection methods. Then, we utilised several classification techniques in conjunction with a hyperparameter optimisation approach. The AdaBoost method yielded the best results among the classifiers. We employed ML and statistical approaches to identify the most crucial characteristics for the rapid recognition of ASD patients. We believe our proposed framework could be useful for early diagnosis and helpful for clinicians.
Structure and Anharmonicity of α- and β-Sb2O3 at Low Temperature
Authors: Moseley Duncan H. , Bridges Craig A. , Daemen Luke L. , Zhang Qiang , McGuire Michael A. , Cakmak Ercan , Hermann Raphaël P.
Published: May 2023

Antimony oxides are important materials for catalysis and flame-retardant applications. The two most common phases, α-Sb2O3 (senarmontite) and β-Sb2O3 (valentinite), have been studied extensively. Specific focus has been placed recently on their lattice dynamics properties and how they relate to the α-β phase transformation and their potential anharmonicity. However, there has not been any direct investigation of anharmonicity in these systems, and a surprising lack of low-temperature structural information has prevented further study. Here, we report the powder neutron diffraction data of both phases of Sb2O3, as well as structural information. α-Sb2O3 behaved as expected, but β-Sb2O3 revealed a small region of zero thermal expansion along the c axis. Additionally, while the β phase matched well with reported atomic displacement parameters, the α phase displayed a marked deviation. This data will enable further investigations into these systems.
Crambe insularis sp. nov. (Crambeidae: Poecilosclerida) a New Crambeid from the Eastern Tropical North Pacific: Morphological, Molecular and Ontogenetic Approach
Authors: Bautista-Guerrero Eric , Carballo José Luis , Rodríguez-Troncoso Alma Paola
Published: May 2023

Specimens of Poecilosclerida taxa, collected from an insular coral community on the Pacific coast of Mexico, were identified as members of the family Crambeidae Lévi, 1963. They were associated with larvae and rhagon phases by using morphological characters, the nucleotide relationship and genetic divergence of three independent loci, two mitochondrial (COI and 16S rDNA) and one ribosomal (28S rDNA C3–C5). Crambe insularis sp. nov. differs from the general skeletal architecture in the genus Crambe Vosmaer, 1880, by its reduced spiculation defined by the presence of ectosomal and choanosomal monactinal megascleres, and the absence of microscleres. Bayesian and Maximum–Likelihood analyses of three loci supported the clustering of larvae, rhagon and adult sponge, all closely related to Mediterranean Crambe crambe (type species of the genus Crambe), and with South American Crambe species (C. chilensis, C. maldonadoi and C. amarilla) as sister species. The larva of C. insularis sp. nov. corresponded to the typical parenchymella larvae poecilosclerid species but with the presence of subtylostyles and styles. Ontogenetic process about the larval and rhagon of this new crambeid are provided. The morphological characters and molecular affinities of Crambe insularis sp. nov. are similar to Monanchora genus, and the implications are further discussed. This is the first taxonomic and molecular study with an integrative approach that includes other diagnostic features such as larval and rhagon development for the description of new species in Porifera.
Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Ecological Associations of Filarioid Helminths in a Wild Population of Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus)
Authors: Garrido-Bautista Jorge , Harl Josef , Fuehrer Hans-Peter , Comas Mar , Smith Steve , Penn Dustin J. , Moreno-Rueda Gregorio
Published: May 2023

Filarioid nematodes (commonly known as filarial worms) are known to impact human and domestic animal health, but studies examining their ecological relevance and impacts on wildlife are still underrepresented. In the case of birds, microfilariae are typically found at low prevalence, but they may negatively affect some fitness-related traits. Here, we study the prevalence and associations of microfilariae in a wild population of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) inhabiting a woodland comprising different forestry formations. In addition, we characterize the filarioid lineages through the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence. We found a moderate prevalence of microfilariae in the blue tit population (9.4%) and that the presence of such parasites was negatively associated with host body mass. Neither forest type nor host sex influenced microfilariae presence. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of five filarioid lineages clustered in the Onchocercidae family—four out of five lineages clustered in the Splendidofilaria clade, while the remaining lineage could not be clearly assigned to a genus. In addition, this is the first study examining the filarioid lineages infecting the blue tit. Our results suggest that hosts in poorer body condition, in terms of lower body mass, are more susceptible to be parasitized by filarioid nematodes and call for further genetic studies of these parasites.
First Worldwide Evidence of Bronchopulmonary Strongyle Nematodes and the First Report on Italy of Cryptosporidium sp. in Allochthonous Nutria (Myocastor coypus)
Authors: De Michelis Silvia , De Liberato Claudio , Amoruso Cristina , Battisti Corrado , Carosi Monica
Published: May 2023

Nutria (or coypu, Myocastor coypus), is a semi-aquatic rodent that is native to South America and has been introduced almost all over the world since the end of the 19th century. In Europe, this rodent is considered an invasive species. In this report, we analyzed nutria fecal samples in a small coastal wetland of Central Italy, using different techniques (fresh smear, direct immunofluorescence, Baermann technique, flotation, ethyl acetate sedimentation) to obtain an arrangement of eukaryote endoparasites (Protozoa and Helminths) and compare them with data available in the literature for both Italy and worldwide. We recorded five taxa, with a dominant occurrence (>70%) of nematodes of the genus Strongyloides. Moreover, we reported for the first time in nutria a bronchopulmonary strongyle nematode (Muellerius vel. Angiostrongylus) and, for the first time in Italy, protozoans of the genus Cryptosporidium. Since nutria co-occurs with humans and domestic animals in the study area, we highlighted possible sanitary and management implications.
Evidence for Conductivity- and Macroinvertebrate-Driven Segregation of Ostracod Assemblages in Endorheic Depression Wetlands in North West Province of South Africa
Authors: Szwarc Agata , Martens Koen , Meissner Włodzimierz , Namiotko Tadeusz
Published: May 2023

Our knowledge of the ecology of non-marine Ostracoda inhabiting endorheic wetlands (pans) of the semi-arid regions of South Africa is very scarce. The present study investigates the distribution of ostracod species in grass, open, and salt pans in the central part of the North West province and tests ostracod response to abiotic and biotic predictor variables operating at a local scale. Distance-based linear models revealed three variables (pan type, water electrical conductivity and abundance of macroinvertebrate predators, and collector-gatherers) that best explained variation in the ostracod dataset. Ostracod assemblages from the three studied pan types differed by the dominance structure rather than by the species composition. Salt pans with high conductivity and high ratio of predaceous macroinvertebrates were dominated by Heterocypris giesbrechti, with accessory presence of Plesiocypridopsis newtoni. In open pans with low conductivities and the lowest ratio of predators (but highest ratio of collector-gatherers) Potamocypris mastigophora was typically a dominant species, while in grass pans, all the three mentioned species had similar relative abundances. Although our findings lend provisional support to some models of ostracod assemblage diversity across different pan types, more studies replicating endorheic depression wetlands in other regions are required before generalizations can be made.
Dataset of Fluorescence EEM and UV Spectroscopy Data of Olive Oils during Ageing
Authors: Venturini Francesca , Fluri Silvan , Baumgartner Michael
Published: May 2023

The dataset presented in this study encompasses fluorescence excitation–emission matrices (EEMs) and UV-spectroscopy data of 24 extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) commercially available at supermarkets in Switzerland. To investigate the effect of thermal degradation, the samples were exposed to accelerated ageing at 60 ∘C up to 53 days. EEMs and UV absorption parameters were measured in 10 ageing steps. The dataset can be used, for example, to predict one or multiple chemical parameters or to classify samples based on their quality from fluorescence spectra.
Emission Inventory for Maritime Shipping Emissions in the North and Baltic Sea
Authors: Dettner Franziska , Hilpert Simon
Published: May 2023

A high temporal and spatial resolution emission inventory for the North Sea and Baltic Sea was compiled using current emission factors and ship activity data. The inventory includes seagoing vessels over 100 GT registered with the International Maritime Organization traversing in the North and Baltic Seas. A bottom-up approach was chosen for the compilation of the inventory, which provides emission levels of the air pollutants CO2, NOx, SO2, PM2.5, CO, BC, Ash, NMVOC, and POA, as well as the speed-dependent fuel and energy consumption. Input data come from both main and auxiliary engines, as well as well-to-tank and tank-to-propeller emission and energy and fuel consumption quantities. The georeferenced data are provided in a temporal resolution of five minutes. The data can be used to assess, inter alia, the health effects of maritime emissions, the social costs of maritime transport, emission mitigation effects of alternative fuel scenarios, and shore-to-ship power supply.
A Novel Spectral Index for Tracking Preload Change from a Wireless, Wearable Doppler Ultrasound
Authors: Kenny Jon-Emile S. , Yang Zhen , Clarke Geoffrey , Elfarnawany Mai , Munding Chelsea E. , Eibl Andrew M. , Eibl Joseph K. , Taylor Jenna L. , Kim Chul-Ho , Johnson Bruce D.
Published: May 2023

A wireless, wearable Doppler ultrasound offers a new paradigm for linking physiology to resuscitation medicine. To this end, the image analysis of simultaneously-acquired venous and arterial Doppler spectrograms attained by wearable ultrasound represents a new source of hemodynamic data. Previous investigators have reported a direct relationship between the central venous pressure (CVP) and the ratio of the internal jugular-to-common carotid artery diameters. Because Doppler power is directly related to the number of red cell scatterers within a vessel, we hypothesized that (1) the ratio of internal jugular-to-carotid artery Doppler power (V/APOWER) would be a surrogate for the ratio of the vascular areas of these two vessels and (2) the V/APOWER would track the anticipated CVP change during simulated hemorrhage and resuscitation. To illustrate this proof-of-principle, we compared the change in V/APOWER obtained via a wireless, wearable Doppler ultrasound to B-mode ultrasound images during a head-down tilt. Additionally, we elucidated the change in the V/APOWER during simulated hemorrhage and transfusion via lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and release. With these Interesting Images, we show that the Doppler V/APOWER ratio qualitatively tracks anticipated changes in CVP (e.g., cardiac preload) which is promising for both diagnosis and management of hemodynamic unrest.
Problematic Imaging Diagnostics of Musculoskeletal Gossypiboma with Chronic Expanding Hematoma Mimicking Malignant Lesion
Authors: Kucera Tomas , Prokes Libor , Soukup Jiri , Brtkova Jindra , Valtr Ondrej , Sponer Pavel
Published: May 2023

Both musculoskeletal gossypibomas and chronic expanding hematomas have been rarely reported; the reports that do exist are usually case reports. Our objective is to demonstrate problematic imaging diagnostics of an unusual presentation mimicking a malignant lesion. We report the case of a 47-year-old man who underwent bone graft harvesting from the iliac crest for spinal fusion due to scoliosis at 18 years of age, and 29 years later, he developed a growing, painful tumor at the original donor site (a bone defect in the iliac crest). It was challenging to differentiate a hematoma from a malignant tumor based solely on clinical and radiological workup, including an ultrasound-guided needle biopsy focused on viable tissue. The definitive diagnosis of a gossypiboma with a chronic expanding hematoma was based on histopathological assessment after wide surgical resection—a chronic expanding hematoma with multiple foamy macrophages and giant cells engulfing foreign material (original surgical hemostatic sponge).