bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth Story of One Diamond: A Window to the Lithospheric Mantle
Authors: Afanasiev Valentin , Ugapeva Sargylana , Babich Yuri , Sonin Valeri , Logvinova Alla , Yelisseyev Alexander , Goryainov Sergey , Agashev Alexey , Ivanova Oksana
Published: August 2022

A diamond plate cut out of a transparent, colorless octahedral diamond crystal of gem quality, with a small chromite inclusion in the core, sampled from the XXIII CPSU Congress kimberlite (Yakutia, Mirny kimberlite field, vicinities of Mirny city), has been studied by several combined methods: absorption spectroscopy at different wavelengths (UV-visible, near- and mid-IR); photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy (local version) and lattice strain mapping; birefringence in cross-polarized light; and etching. The diamond plate demonstrates a complex growth history consisting of four stages: nucleation and growth to an octahedron → habit change to a cuboid → habit change to octahedron-1 → habit change to octahedron-2. The growth history of the diamond records changes in the crystallization conditions at each stage. The revealed heterogeneity of the crystal structure is associated with the distribution and speciation of nitrogen defects. The results of this study have implications for the information value of different techniques as to the diamond structure defects, as well as for the as yet poorly known evolution of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle in the Siberian craton, recorded in the multistage growth of the diamond crystal. At the time of writing, reconstructing the conditions for each stage is difficult. Meanwhile, finding ways for such reconstruction is indispensable for a better understanding of diamond genesis, and details of the lithosphere history.
Attempts to Stimulate Leaching Activity of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Strain TFBk
Authors: Yachkula Alyona , Rozova Olga , Abashina Tatiana , Vainshtein Mikhail , Grouzdev Denis , Bulaev Aleksandr
Published: August 2022

Autotrophic acidophilic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a model species for studying metal bioleaching from low-grade sulfide ores and concentrates. Arsenopyrite gold-bearing concentrates are refractory and often processed using biohydrometallurgical approaches; therefore, it is important to develop methods to improve arsenopyrite bioleaching. In the present work, we have studied the possibility of improving arsenopyrite concentrate bioleaching by the strain of A. ferrooxidans. For this purpose, we have analyzed the genome of the strain A. ferrooxidans TFBk to reveal the genes potentially important in the bioleaching process. Genes determining resistance to arsenic, as well genes involved in the utilization of C1-compounds and resistance to oxidative stress, were revealed. Therefore, the possibility of increasing the rate of arsenopyrite concentrate bioleaching using C1-compounds (methanol and formate) was studied. Formate was able to increase both the biomass yield of the strain A. ferrooxidans TFBk as well as the bioleaching rate. In addition, the effect of redox potential increase by means of the addition of sodium persulfate in the medium on arsenopyrite concentrate bioleaching was studied. It was shown that the addition of 0.1% sodium persulfate stimulated strain growth, while a higher concentration inhibited it. Despite this, the rate of concentrate bioleaching increased in the presence of 0.5–1.0% of persulfate, which may be explained by the interactions of added oxidizer with concentrate components.
Cement Raw Material Reserve Calculation—Geological Sections vs. Structural Maps Approaches, Case Study from Southern Croatia
Authors: Bralić Nikolina , Malvić Tomislav
Published: August 2022

This study aims to compare two approaches for the reserve calculation of cement raw material by geological sections and structural maps. The first is legally based, and its accuracy is approved by periodical calculation of the exploited material on site. In this research, it was crucial to determine deviation in the calculation approach, i.e., geological section volume calculation versus the volume obtained as a software solution estimated as a number of cells between two structural maps, i.e., maps interpolated at the top and bottom of the analysed lithological unit. Due to complex mineralogy, raw cement needs different energy consumption that directly affects the procedure of cement production, e.g., increases in air pollution through CO2 emissions. The research area was the exploitation field “St. Juraj–St. Kajo,” situated near the town of Split, region of Dalmatia, Southern Croatia. In the deposit, there are seven different lithological units, and all were technologically divided based on their chemical compounds. The lithology included dominantly marl and sandstone with occasional alternations of the conglomerate. Although in the geological sense it is considered a single unit, it partially contains interlayers in the form of lenses such as limy (calcitic) marl, clacisiltite (clayey limestone), and clayey marl. Generally, the knowledge of interlayers’ existence is more important than their exact quantity because it affects expectations of a nonuniform material’s technological quality at the location. For the purpose of the analysed lithological unit calculation, the volumes of the interlayers within were determined as well. Using geological sections for volume calculation is based on the calculation of the block volume (V) between two parallel vertical sections (P1, P2), which is obtained as a product of the mean areas (Paverage) of adjacent parallel sections (P1, P2) multiplied by the distance between them (d). Structural maps represent the calculation of the volume of the analysed object under a function f (x, y) defined by a double definite integral. Comparison of research results encourages the use of software solutions for the volume calculation of cement raw material volume in the future.
Selective Comminution Applied to Mineral Processing of a Tantalum Ore: A Technical, Economic Analysis
Authors: Guldris Leon Lorena , Bengtsson Magnus
Published: August 2022

There is an increasing demand to simulate and optimize the performance and profit of comminution circuits, especially in low-grade ore processing, as is the case with critical metals minerals. Recent research has shown that the optimization result is greatly influenced by quality aspects of the products, such as cost, profit, and capacity. This paper presents a novel approach to performing a multi-objective technical and economic analysis of tantalum ore processing to increase the production of critical metals minerals. The article starts with mineral composition analysis to highlight the potential of strategies for balancing the process layout for maximized production. The introduction of a combined technical and economic analysis presents the possibility of improving the profit by rearranging the mass flow given the rock’s mineral composition. Results show that selective comminution can improve process capacity by 23% and decrease production cost by 10% for the presented case.
Petrographic and Geochemical Analysis of Indus Sediments: Implications for Placer Gold Deposits, Peshawar Basin, NW Himalaya, Pakistan
Authors: Mateen Abdul , Wahid Ali , Janjuhah Hammad Tariq , Mughal Muhammad Saleem , Ali Syed Haroon , Siddiqui Numair Ahmed , Shafique Munib Ahmed , Koumoutsakou Olga , Kontakiotis George
Published: August 2022

Alluvial placer gold deposits that accumulate in streams across the globe are essentially allochthonous sedimentary deposits that are transported from their source to their location of deposition. The purpose of this study was to find placer gold deposits in alluvial sediments along the Indus River in the NW Himalaya of Pakistan. The investigated region was divided into five clusters based on river morphology. The research focused on mineralogical distribution, sediment source, gold transport distance, elemental composition, and gold concentration in river sediments. Throughout, during the deposition at point and channel bars, the mixed source of alluvial sediments was revealed by its mineralogical composition. However, the SEM analysis demonstrated that the gold grains had a high flatness index, indicating that they had been transported a significant distance. The elemental composition of several samples revealed a significant concentration of silicon dioxide, iron oxide, and alumina oxide transported from the Himalaya. The study of the trace elements indicated gold and related base metals with granitic provenance were transported from an acidic/granitic source. Based on gold concentration, it is demonstrated that the left riverbank (clusters C1, C2, and C3) has a higher concentration of gold deposits and higher potential for economic gold exploration than the right bank (clusters C4 and C5) due to the lower velocity of running water in the study area. The findings revealed that the studied area has good potential for commercial exploration of gold resources, and the workflow can be adopted in any region with a similar geological setting and morphology.
Separation and Purification of Astragalus membranaceus Polysaccharides by Deep Eutectic Solvents-Based Aqueous Two-Phase System
Authors: Liu Bangfu , Tan Zhijian
Published: August 2022

(1) Background: Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have been widely used in the separation and purification of bioactive substances in recent years. (2) Methods: In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs)-based ATPSs were employed for the extraction and separation of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (AMP). The optimal DES (choline chloride:urea = 1:1) was first screened to extract AMP, and the effect of DES concentration, solid–liquid ratio, pH, extraction temperature, and extraction time on the extraction yield of AMP were investigated. (3) Results: The maximum extraction yield was 141.11 mg/g under the optimum conditions. AMP was then preliminarily purified by ATPS, to further realize the recycling and reuse of DES. The effect of type of salts, salt concentration, and extraction temperature on extraction efficiency was investigated. The extraction efficiency was 97.85% for AMP under the optimum ATPS conditions. Finally, the obtained AMP was studied by molecular weight determination, infrared spectroscopy analysis, and monosaccharide composition analysis. (4) Conclusions: This ATPS extraction based on DESs is simple, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and has high extraction efficiency, which provides new ideas for the extraction of plant polysaccharides and other bioactive compounds.
Nutrient Recovery from Digestate of Agricultural Biogas Plants: A Comparative Study of Innovative Biocoal-Based Additives in Laboratory and Full-Scale Experiments
Authors: Morozova Ievgeniia , Lemmer Andreas
Published: August 2022

Nutrients can be recovered from the digestate of an agricultural biogas plant in the form of solid fraction and serve as crop fertilizers. Removal of suspended solids with screw press separators is the most commonly used technique for treating digestate from biogas plants. To increase separation efficiency and nutrient transfer to the solid phase during separation, eight biocoal-based additives were investigated, which were based on beech wood and produced by pyrolysis at temperatures of 350 °C and 600 °C. Four of the biocoals were impregnated with CaCl2 or MgCl2 before pyrolysis. The reaction time between the additives and the digestate varied from 5 min to 2 weeks. The application of MgCl2-impregnated biocoal synthesized at 600 °C for 20 h increased the nutrient removal efficiency by 76.33% for ammonium and 47.15% for phosphorus, compared to the control (the untreated digestate).
Correction: Saoudi et al. The Role of Allium subhirsutum L. in the Attenuation of Dermal Wounds by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Albino Rats. Molecules 2021, 26, 4875
Authors: Saoudi Mongi , Badraoui Riadh , Chira Ahlem , Saeed Mohd , Bouali Nouha , Elkahoui Salem , Alam Jahoor M. , Kallel Choumous , El Feki Abdelfattah
Published: August 2022

The authors wish to make the following change to their paper [...]
Promising Antimycobacterial Activities of Flavonoids against Mycobacterium sp. Drug Targets: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rabaan Ali A. , Alhumaid Saad , Albayat Hawra , Alsaeed Mohammed , Alofi Fadwa S. , Al-Howaidi Mawaheb H. , Turkistani Safaa A. , Alhajri Salah M. , Alahmed Hejji E. , Alzahrani Abdulwahab B. , Mashraqi Mutaib M. , Alwarthan Sara , Alhajri Mashael , Alshahrani Fatimah S. , Almuthree Souad A. , Alsubki Roua A. , Abuzaid Abdulmonem A. , Alfaresi Mubarak , Al Fares Mona A. , Mutair Abbas Al
Published: August 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a threat to mankind, with over a billion of deaths in the last two centuries. Recent advancements in science have contributed to an understanding of Mtb pathogenesis and developed effective control tools, including effective drugs to control the global pandemic. However, the emergence of drug resistant Mtb strains has seriously affected the TB eradication program around the world. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop new drugs for TB treatment, which has grown researchers’ interest in small molecule-based drug designing and development. The small molecules-based treatments hold significant potential to overcome drug resistance and even provide opportunities for multimodal therapy. In this context, various natural and synthetic flavonoids were reported for the effective treatment of TB. In this review, we have summarized the recent advancement in the understanding of Mtb pathogenesis and the importance of both natural and synthetic flavonoids against Mtb infection studied using in vitro and in silico methods. We have also included flavonoids that are able to inhibit the growth of non-tubercular mycobacterial organisms. Hence, understanding the therapeutic properties of flavonoids can be useful for the future treatment of TB.
Renieramycin T Inhibits Melanoma B16F10 Cell Metastasis and Invasion via Regulating Nrf2 and STAT3 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Yu Baohua , Liang Jing , Li Xiufang , Liu Li , Yao Jing , Chen Xiaochuan , Chen Ruijiao
Published: August 2022

As one of marine tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, renieramycin T plays a significant role in inhibiting tumor metastasis and invasion. However, the effect of renieramycin T on inflammation-related tumor metastasis and invasion is still unknown, and its mechanisms remain unclear. Here we established an inflammation-related tumor model by using the supernatant of RAW264.7 cells to simulate B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. The results indicate that renieramycin T suppressed RAW264.7 cell supernatant-reduced B16F10 cell adhesion to a fibronectin-coated substrate, migration, and invasion through the matrigel in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, Western blot results reveal that renieramycin T attenuated the phosphorylation of STAT3 and down-regulated the expression of Nrf2. Together, the above findings suggest a model of renieramycin T in suppressing B16F10 cancer cell migration and invasion. It may serve as a promising drug for the treatment of cancer metastasis.
Photo-Assisted Removal of Rhodamine B and Nile Blue Dyes from Water Using CuO–SiO2 Composite
Authors: Yaseen Muhammad , Humayun Muhammad , Khan Abbas , Idrees Muhammad , Shah Nasrullah , Bibi Shaista
Published: August 2022

Wastewater from the textile industries contaminates the natural water and affects the aquatic environment, soil fertility and biological ecosystem through discharge of different hazardous effluents. Therefore, it is essential to remove such dissolved toxic materials from water by applying more efficient techniques. We performed a comparative study on the removal of rhodamine B (RhB) and Nile blue (NB) from water through a catalytic/photocatalytic approach while using a CuO–SiO2 based nanocomposite. The CuO–SiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized through a sol–gel process using copper nitrate dihydrate and tetraethylorthosilicate as CuO and SiO2 precursors, respectively, with ammonia solution as the precipitating agent. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized, for their structure, morphology, crystallinity, stability, surface area, pore size and pore volume, by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. The CuO–SiO2 nanocomposite was used for potential environmental applications in the terms of its catalytic and photocatalytic activities toward the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and Nile blue (NB) dyes, in the presence and absence of light, while monitoring the degradation process of dyes by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The catalytic efficiency of the same composite was studied and discussed in terms of changes in the chemical structures of dyes and other experimental conditions, such as the presence and absence of light. Moreover, the composite showed 85% and 90% efficiency towards the removal of rhodamine B and Nile blue dyes respectively. Thus, the CuO–SiO2 nanocomposite showed better efficiency toward removal of Nile blue as compared to rhodamine B dye while keeping other experimental variables constant. This can be attributed to the structure–property relationships and compatibility of a catalyst with the molecular structures of dyes.
The Obesity Amelioration Effect in High-Fat-Diet Fed Mice of a Homogeneous Polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula
Authors: Su Qi , Huo Jiangyan , Wang Yibin , Zhou Yang , Luo Dan , Hou Jinjun , Zhang Zijia , Long Huali , Zhong Xianchun , Xie Cen , Lei Min , Liu Yameng , Wu Wanying
Published: August 2022

A homogeneous polysaccharide coded as CPP−1 was extracted and purified from the root of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. by water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and column chromatography. Its structure was analyzed by HPGPC-ELSD, HPLC, GC-MS, FT-IR, and NMR techniques. The results indicated that CPP−1 was composed of mannose (Man), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), and arabinose (Ara) at a molar ratio of 5.86 : 51.69 : 34.34 : 8.08. The methylation analysis revealed that the main glycosidic linkage types of CPP−1 were (1→)-linked-Glc residue, (1→3)-linked-Glc residues, (1→4)-linked-Gal residue, (1→2,3,4)-linked-Glc residue, (1→)-linked-Man residue, (1→3,4)-linked-Glc residue, and (1→)-linked-Ara residue. In vivo efficacy trial illustrated that CPP−1 supplements could alleviate HFD-induced mice obesity significantly, as well as improve obesity-induced disorders of glucose metabolism, alleviate insulin resistance, and improve the effects of lipid metabolism. The findings indicate that this polysaccharide has the potential for the treatment of obesity.
Veratrum parviflorum: An Underexplored Source for Bioactive Steroidal Alkaloids
Authors: Seale Jared T. , McDougal Owen M.
Published: August 2022

Plants of the Veratrum genus have been used throughout history for their emetic properties, rheumatism, and for the treatment of high blood pressure. However, inadvertent consumption of these plants, which resemble wild ramps, induces life-threatening side effects attributable to an abundance of steroidal alkaloids. Several of the steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum spp. have been investigated for their ability to antagonize the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, a key pathway for embryonic development and cell proliferation. Uncontrolled activation of this pathway is linked to the development of various cancers; most notably, basal cell carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia. Additional investigation of Veratrum spp. may lead to the identification of novel alkaloids with the potential to serve as chemotherapeutics. V. parviflorum is a relatively uncommon species of Veratrum that resides in the southeastern regions of North America. The phytochemical profile of this plant remains largely unexplored; however, bioactive steroidal alkaloids, including cyclopamine, veratramine, veratridine, and verazine were identified in its extract. The structural elucidation and bioactivity assessment of steroidal alkaloids in lesser abundance within the extract of V. parviflorum may yield potent Hh pathway inhibitors. This review seeks to consolidate the botanical and phytochemical information regarding V. parviflorum.
The First Convergent Synthesis of 23,23-Difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and Its 24-Hydroxy Derivatives: Preliminary Assessment of Biological Activities
Authors: Mototani Sayuri , Kawagoe Fumihiro , Yasuda Kaori , Mano Hiroki , Sakaki Toshiyuki , Kittaka Atsushi
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we report an efficient synthetic route for the 23,23-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (5) and its 24-hydroxylated analogues (7,8), which are candidates for the CYP24A1 main metabolites of 5. The key fragments, 23,23-difluoro-CD-ring precursors (9–11), were synthesized starting from Inhoffen-Lythgoe diol (12), and introduction of the C23 difluoro unit to α-ketoester (19) was achieved using N,N-diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST). Preliminary biological evaluation revealed that 23,23-F2-25(OH)D3 (5) showed approximately eight times higher resistance to CYP24A1 metabolism and 12 times lower VDR-binding affinity than its nonfluorinated counterpart 25(OH)D3 (1).
Autochthonous Arthrospira platensis Gomont Driven Nickel (Ni) Phycoremediation from Cooking Oil Industrial Effluent
Authors: Shakoor Isha , Nazir Aisha , Chaudhry Sonal , Qurat-ul-Ain  , Firdaus-e-Bareen  , Capareda Sergio C.
Published: August 2022

Nickel (Ni) leftovers arise from both catalyst application interventions and Ni alloy piping of the cooking oil industry (COI) being wasted as pollutants of freshwater bodies via discharged effluent. The current study assessed one of the indigenously feasible Ni removal systems comprising autochthonous Arthrospira platensis Gomont (AP)-driven Ni phycoremediation cells (NPCs). After screening AP for hyperaccumulation in the Ni spiked solution, AP was transferred to the NPCs. Propagation of the AP inoculum was proportionate to the pollution load drop of COI with 22.97 and 55.07% drops in the biochemical (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. With the 0.11 bioconcentration factor, there was an uptake of 14.24 g mineral with 16.22% Ni removal and a 36.35 desorption ratio. The experimental data closely fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, respectively. The study concluded that A. platensis could be taken for treatment of Ni-loaded industrial effluents at the microcosmic level.
Electrochemical Deposition of ZnO Nanowires on CVD-Graphene/Copper Substrates
Authors: Boukhoubza Issam , Matei Elena , Jorio Anouar , Enculescu Monica , Enculescu Ionut
Published: August 2022

ZnO nanostructures were electrochemically synthesized on Cu and on chemical vapor deposited (CVD)-graphene/Cu electrodes. The deposition was performed at different electrode potentials ranging from −0.8 to −1.2 V, employing a zinc nitrate bath, and using voltametric and chronoamperometric techniques. The effects of the electrode nature and of the working electrode potential on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the ZnO structures were investigated. It was found that all the samples crystallize in hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferential orientation along the c-axis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm that the presence of a graphene covered electrode led to the formation of ZnO nanowires with a smaller diameter compared with the deposition directly on copper surface. The photoluminescence (PL) measurements revealed that the ZnO nanowires grown on graphene/Cu exhibit stronger emission compared to the nanowires grown on Cu. The obtained results add another possibility of tailoring the properties of such nanostructured films according to the specific functionality required.
Influence of Asphaltene Modification on Structure of P3HT/Asphaltene Blends: Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Borzdun Natalia , Glova Artyom , Larin Sergey , Lyulin Sergey
Published: August 2022

Further development and commercialization of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells require the search for novel low-cost materials. The present study addresses the relations between the asphaltenes’ chemical structure and the morphology of the poly(3-hexylthiohene) (P3HT)/asphaltene blends as potential materials for the design of BHJ solar cells. By means of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, the formation of heterophase morphology is observed for the P3HT-based blends with carboxyl-containing asphaltenes, as well as the aggregation of the asphaltenes into highly ordered stacks. Although the π–π interactions between the polyaromatic cores of the asphaltenes in solutions are sufficient for the molecules to aggregate into ordered stacks, in a blend with a conjugated polymer, additional stabilizing factors are required, such as hydrogen bonding between carboxyl groups. It is found that the asphaltenes’ aliphatic side groups may improve significantly the miscibility between the polymer and the asphaltenes, thereby preventing the formation of heterophase morphology. The results also demonstrate that the carboxyl-containing asphaltenes/P3HT ratio should be at least 1:1, as a decrease in concentration of the asphaltenes leads to the folding of the polymer chains, lower ordering in the polymer phase and the destruction of the interpenetrating 3D structure formed by P3HT and the asphaltene phases. Overall, the results of the present study for the first time reveal the aggregation behavior of the asphaltenes of varying chemical structures in P3HT, as well the influence of their presence and concentration on the polymer phase structure and blend morphology, paving the way for future development of BHJ solar cells based on the conjugated polymer/asphaltene blends.
Albumin Stabilized Fe@C Core–Shell Nanoparticles as Candidates for Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy
Authors: Ramírez-Morales Maria Antonieta , Goldt Anastasia E. , Kalachikova Polina M. , Ramirez B. Javier A. , Suzuki Masashi , Zhigach Alexey N. , Ben Salah Asma , Shurygina Liliya I. , Shandakov Sergey D. , Zatsepin Timofei , Krasnikov Dmitry V. , Maekawa Toru , Nikolaev Evgeny N. , Nasibulin Albert G.
Published: August 2022

Carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles (Fe@C) with a mean diameter of 15 nm have been synthesized using evaporation–condensation flow–levitation method by the direct iron-carbon gas-phase reaction at high temperatures. Further, Fe@C were stabilized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating, and their electromagnetic properties were evaluated to test their performance in magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) through a specific absorption rate (SAR). Heat generation was observed at different Fe@C concentrations (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL) when applied 331 kHz and 60 kA/m of an alternating magnetic field, resulting in SAR values of 437.64, 129.36, and 50.4 W/g for each concentration, respectively. Having such high SAR values at low concentrations, obtained material is ideal for use in MHT.
In Situ Formation of CoS2 Hollow Nanoboxes via Ion-Exchange for High-Performance Microwave Absorption
Authors: Xu Dongwei , Guo Huanhuan , Zhang Feifan , Wu Yanmei , Guo Xiaoqin , Ren Yumei , Feng Desheng
Published: August 2022

Hollow nanoboxes structure have raised great attention as microwave absorption materials on account of their ultralow density and large specific area. By introducing an adjustable interior cavity structure, the dielectric loss and microwave absorption performance were affected by the tunable complex permittivity and impedance matching was improved. In our study, hollow CoS2 nanoboxes with designable interspaces were successfully fabricated based on the surfactant-assisted solution method and followed by an in situ ion-exchange process. The structure, elemental compositions and morphology of the products were characterized by XRD, XPS, EDX, SEM and TEM, respectively. In addition, microwave absorption performance and the intrinsic mechanism are investigated in-depth. The paraffin-based composites with 20 wt.% filling contents exhibited superior microwave absorption capacities in view of both maximum reflection loss value (RLmax, −54.48 dB) and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, below −10 dB, 6.0 GHz), which can be ascribed to unique hollow structure and good impedance matching. With these considerations in mind, this study provides a reference for the construction of high-performance microwave absorbers with unique hollow structure.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Co-Exposed-Faceted WO3 Nanocrystals with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Niu Xianjun , Du Yien , He Jing , Li Xiaodong , Wen Guangming
Published: August 2022

In this paper, rod-shaped, cuboid-shaped, and irregular WO3 nanocrystals with different co-exposed crystal facets were prepared for the first time by a simple hydrothermal treatment of tungstic acid colloidal suspension with desired pH values. The crystal structure, morphology, specific surface area, pore size distribution, chemical composition, electronic states of the elements, optical properties, and charge migration behavior of as-obtained WO3 products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fully automatic specific surface area and porosity analyzer, UV–vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The photocatalytic performances of the synthesized pHx-WO3 nanocrystals (x = 0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0) were evaluated and compared with the commercial WO3 (CM-WO3) nanocrystals. The pH7.0-WO3 nanocrystals with co-exposed {202} and {020} facets exhibited highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue solution, which can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the largest specific surface area, the weakest luminescence peak intensity and the smallest arc radius diameter.
The Transitional Wettability on Bamboo-Leaf-like Hierarchical-Structured Si Surface Fabricated by Microgrinding
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Jinxin , Huang Jiale , Xiang Jianhua
Published: August 2022

Stabilizing the hydrophobic wetting state on a surface is essential in heat transfer and microfluidics. However, most hydrophobic surfaces of Si are primarily achieved through microtexturing with subsequent coating or modification of low surface energy materials. The coatings make the hydrophobic surface unstable and impractical in many industrial applications. In this work, the Si chips’ wettability transitions are yielded from the original hydrophilic state to a stable transitional hydrophobic state by texturing bamboo-leaf-like hierarchical structures (BLHSs) through a diamond grinding wheel with one-step forming. Experiments showed that the contact angles (CAs) on the BLHS surfaces increased to 97° and only reduced by 2% after droplet impacts. This is unmatched by the current texturing surface without modification. Moreover, the droplets can be split up and transferred by the BLHS surfaces with their 100% mass. When the BLHS surfaces are modified by the low surface energy materials’ coating, the hydrophobic BLHS surfaces are upgraded to be superhydrophobic (CA > 135°). More interestingly, the droplet can be completely self-sucked into a hollow micro-tube within 0.1 s without applying external forces. A new wetting model for BLHS surfaces based on the fractal theory is determined by comparing simulated values with the measured static contact angle of the droplets. The successful preparation of the bamboo-leaf-like Si confirmed that transitional wettability surfaces could be achieved by the micromachining of grinding on the hard and brittle materials. Additionally, this may expand the application potential of the key semiconductor material of Si.
Impact of DHA from Algal Oil on the Breast Milk DHA Levels of Lactating Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China
Authors: Yang Yue , Li Genyuan , Li Fang , Xu Fangping , Hu Ping , Xie Zhencheng , Lu Xiaolong , Ding Ye , Wang Zhixu
Published: August 2022

Population research on the intervention of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in lactating women is in its infancy in China. This study investigated the effect of DHA supplementation on DHA concentrations in the breast milk of lactating women, and the intervention effect, with respect to different dietary patterns. In this trial, 160 healthy lactating women in Nanjing (30–50 days postpartum) were recruited and randomly divided into control (one placebo capsule of similar appearance per day) and supplement (one capsule with 200 mg of DHA from algal oil per day) groups for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, all subjects were asked to maintain basic information, maternal anthropometric parameters, breast milk (10–15 mL) sample collection, and a dietary survey using a food frequency questionnaire. The concentrations of DHA and other fatty acids in breast milk were detected using capillary gas chromatography. This study was completed by 137 subjects, with 60 in the control group and 77 in the supplement group. Compared with the DHA concentrations in the breast milk at enrollment, the absolute concentrations of the control group showed a significant decrease at the end of the trial (p = 0.037). In addition, after intervention, the absolute and relative DHA concentrations in the supplement group (10.07 mg/100 mL and 0.40%, respectively) were higher than those in the control group (7.57 mg/100 mL and 0.28%, respectively), being statistically significant (p = 0.012 and p = 0.001). Furthermore, the maternal diet in the supplement group was divided into four dietary patterns. Pattern 1 mainly included fruits and livestock meat. Pattern 2 was dominated by milk and its products, eggs, fish, shrimp and shellfish, and soybeans and its products. Pattern 3 chiefly comprised cereal and beans other than soybeans, potatoes, and nuts. Pattern 4 was high in poultry meat and low in cooking oils. The change in the absolute concentration of DHA in Pattern 3 was lower than that in other patterns (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DHA supplementation in lactating mothers increased breast milk DHA concentrations. The dietary pattern mainly characterized by cereal and beans other than soybeans, potatoes, and nuts may contribute to the poor intervention effect.
Saponins from Camellia sinensis Seeds Stimulate GIP Secretion in Mice and STC-1 Cells via SGLT1 and TGR5
Authors: Zhu Huanqing , Wang Kaixi , Chen Shuna , Kang Jiaxin , Guo Na , Chen Hongbo , Liu Junsheng , Wu Yuanyuan , He Puming , Tu Youying , Li Bo
Published: August 2022

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is one of the important incretins and possesses lots of physiological activities such as stimulating insulin secretion and maintaining glucose homeostasis. The pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins are the major active ingredients in tea (Camellia sinensis) seeds. This study aimed to investigate the effect of tea seed saponins on the GIP secretion and related mechanisms. Our data showed that the total tea seed saponins (TSS, 65 mg/kg BW) and theasaponin E1 (TSE1, 2–4 µM) could increase the GIP mRNA and protein levels in mice and STC-1 cells. Phlorizin, the inhibitor of Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), reversed the TSE1-induced increase in Ca2+ and GIP mRNA level. In addition, TSE1 upregulated the protein expression of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), and TGR5 siRNA significantly decreased GIP expression in TSE1-treated STC-1 cells. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that six proteins and five signaling pathways were associated with SGLT1, TGR5 and GIP regulated by TSE1. Taken together, tea seed saponins could stimulate GIP expression via SGLT1 and TGR5, and were promising natural active ingredients for improving metabolism and related diseases.
Lipid Raft Integrity and Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis Are Critical for SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Cells
Authors: Bakillah Ahmed , Hejji Fatimah Al , Almasaud Abdulrahman , Jami Haya Al , Hawwari Abbas , Qarni Ali Al , Iqbal Jahangir , Alharbi Naif Khalaf
Published: August 2022

Lipid rafts in cell plasma membranes play a critical role in the life cycle of many viruses. However, the involvement of membrane cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into target cells is not well known. In this study, we investigated whether the presence of cholesterol-rich microdomains is required for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. Our results show that depletion of cholesterol in the rafts by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD) treatment impaired the expression of the cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), resulting in a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. The effects exerted by MβCD could be substantially reversed by exogenous cholesterol replenishment. In contrast, disturbance of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis by statins or siRNA knockdown of key genes involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis and transport pathways reduced SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Our study also reveals that SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis is involved in the process of SARS-CoV-2 entry in target cells. These results suggest that the host membrane cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts and cellular cholesterol homeostasis are essential for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Pharmacological manipulation of intracellular cholesterol might provide new therapeutic strategies to alleviate SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells.
Associations of Diet with Urinary Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Its Precursors among Free-Living 10-Year-Old Children: Data from SMBCS
Authors: Dai Yiming , Zhang Jiming , Wang Zheng , Xu Sinan , Zhang Qinyu , Duan Zhiping , Tan Ruonan , Qi Xiaojuan , Guo Jianqiu , Chang Xiuli , Wu Chunhua , Zhou Zhijun
Published: August 2022

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a diet-derived cometabolite linked to cardiometabolic disease, has been associated with elevated dietary status, particularly in people with kidney failure and adults with dietary modulations. However, the influence of the current diet on TMAO levels in free-living children has not been adequately described. This study was to explore associations of food compositions and dietary diversity with urinary TMAO and its precursor concentrations. Urinary TMAO and its precursor concentrations of 474 healthy children from the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q Exactive HRMS). Individual food compositions from 24 h dietary recall data were classified into 20 groups and diversity scores were calculated according to the guidelines of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Associations of urinary TMAO and its precursors with food compositions and dietary diversity scores were assessed by generalized linear regression models. In models adjusted for potential confounders, urinary TMAO was significantly associated with intakes of fish (β, regression coefficient = 0.155, p < 0.05) and vegetables (β = 0.120, p < 0.05). Eggs intake showed positive associations with TMAO’s precursors (trimethylamine: β = 0.179, p < 0.05; choline: β = 0.181, p < 0.05). No association between meat intake and TMAO was observed, whereas meat and poultry intakes were related to the levels of acetyl-L-carnitine and L-carnitine (β: 0.134 to 0.293, p < 0.05). The indicators of dietary diversity were positively correlated to TMAO concentration (β: 0.027 to 0.091, p < 0.05). In this free-living children-based study, dietary factors were related to urinary TMAO and its precursors, especially fish, meat, and eggs. As such, dietary diversity was positively related to the level of TMAO.
Astaxanthin Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression by Suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR Activation in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lee Jimin , Lim Joo Weon , Kim Hyeyoung
Published: August 2022

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activates signaling pathways associated with gastric cell invasion, which are mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We previously demonstrated that H. pylori activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and increased expression of MMP-10 in gastric epithelial cells. MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix, enhancing tumor invasion and cancer progression. The signaling pathway of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is associated with MMP expression. ROS activates PIK3/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, shows antioxidant activity by reducing ROS levels in gastric epithelial cells infected with H. pylori. This study aimed to determine whether astaxanthin inhibits MMP expression, cell invasion, and migration by reducing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial AGS cells. H. pylori induced PIK3/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB activation, decreased IκBα, and induced MMP (MMP-7 and -10) expression, the invasive phenotype, and migration in AGS cells. Astaxanthin suppressed these H. pylori-induced alterations in AGS cells. Specific inhibitors of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR reversed the H. pylori-stimulated NF-κB activation and decreased IκBα levels in the cells. In conclusion, astaxanthin suppressed MMP expression, cell invasion, and migration via inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NF-κB signaling in H. pylori-stimulated gastric epithelial AGS cells.
Fasting Glucose for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: González González Nieves Luisa , González Dávila Enrique , Bugatto Fernando , Vega-Guedes Begoña , Pintado Pilar , Tascón L. , Villalba Martin Nazaret , Plasencia Walter , Megía Ana
Published: August 2022

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, different non-validated tests were proposed to simplify the diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GDM). Aim: To analyse the effects of replacing the two-step approach for Early-GDM and GDM diagnosis, with a fasting plasma glucose test. Material and Methods: This is a cohort study consisting of 3200 pregnant women: 400 with Early-GDM, 800 with GDM and 2000 with Non-GDM diagnosed using the two-step approach. Using fasting plasma glucose for Early-GDM and GDM diagnosis, according to the recommendations of Spain, Australia, Italy and the UK during the pandemic, the rates of missed and new Early-GDM and GDM were calculated and perinatal outcomes were analysed. Results: Using fasting plasma glucose in the first trimester >100 mg/dL for Early-GDM diagnosis, the rates of post-COVID missed and new Early-GDM were 79.5% and 3.2%, respectively. Using fasting plasma glucose at 24–28 weeks <84 or >92, 95 or 100 mg/dL for GDM diagnosis, the rates of missed GDM were 50.4%, 78%, 82.6% and 92.4%, respectively, and 8.6%, 5.6% and 2.3% women with Non-GDM were diagnosed with new GDM. Conclusion: Fasting plasma glucose is not a good test for the diagnosis of GDM either in the first trimester or at 24–28 weeks.
Perinatal Propionate Supplementation Protects Adult Male Offspring from Maternal Chronic Kidney Disease-Induced Hypertension
Authors: Tain You-Lin , Hou Chih-Yao , Chang-Chien Guo-Ping , Lin Su-Fan , Hsu Chien-Ning
Published: August 2022

Emerging evidence supports that early-life disturbance of gut microbiota has an impact on adult disease in later life. Offspring hypertension can be programmed by maternal chronic kidney disease (CKD). Conversely, perinatal use of gut microbiota-targeted therapy has been implemented to reverse programming processes and prevent hypertension. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the major gut microbiota-derived metabolites, can be applied as postbiotics. Propionate, one of predominant SCFAs, has been shown to have antihypertensive property. We examined whether perinatal propionate supplementation can prevent offspring hypertension induced by maternal CKD. CKD was induced by chow supplemented with 0.5% adenine for 3 weeks before pregnancy. Propionate (P) was supplemented at 200 mmol/L in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring were divided into four groups (n = 7–8/group): control, CKD, control+propionate (CP), and CKD+propionate (CKDP). Maternal CKD-induced offspring hypertension was reversed by perinatal propionate supplementation. The protective effects of perinatal propionate treatment were related to increased propionate-generating bacteria Clostridium spp. and plasma propionate level, increased expression of renal G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41, a SCFA receptor), augmentation of α-diversity, and shifts in gut microbiota composition. In summary, our results highlight that maternal CKD-induced offspring hypertension can be prevented by the use of gut microbial metabolite SCFAs in early life, which could shed light on the prevention of the current hypertension pandemic.
Comment on Guerrero-Romero et al. Magnesium-to-Calcium Ratio and Mortality from COVID-19. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1686
Authors: Scarpati Giuliana , Piazza Ornella
Published: August 2022

We read with great interest the article by Romero et al. [...]
Reply to Scarpati, G.; Piazza, O. Comment on “Guerrero-Romero et al. Magnesium-to-Calcium Ratio and Mortality from COVID-19. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1686”
Authors: Guerrero-Romero Fernando , Mercado Moises , Rodríguez-Morán Martha , Ramírez-Renteria Claudia , Martínez-Aguilar Gerardo , Marrero-Rodríguez Daniel , Ferreira-Hermosillo Aldo , Simental-Mendía Luis E. , Remba-Shapiro Ilan , Gamboa-Gómez Claudia I. , Albarrán-Sánchez Alejandra , Sanchez-García Miriam L.
Published: August 2022

We thank Dr. Scarpati and Dr. Piazza for their interest and comments [...]
First Data on Campylobacter spp. Presence in Shellfish in Croatia
Authors: Jurinović Luka , Ječmenica Biljana , Džafić Natalija , Brlek Gorski Diana , Šimpraga Borka , Krstulović Fani , Amšel Zelenika Tajana , Humski Andrea
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to assess the presence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp., as one of the most important foodborne zoonotic pathogens, in three shellfish species: mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), oysters (Ostrea edulis) and queen scallops (Aequipecten opercularis). The samples were collected from nine locations in the Istrian aquatory, Croatia. Isolation of Campylobacter was done according to standard ISO method, and species were identified using multiplex PCR. Isolates identified as C. jejuni and C. lari were genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine the potential source of contamination. Among 108 examined samples of bivalve molluscs, mussels dominated and were the only ones found positive for the presence of Campylobacter (25.6%). In total, 19 C. lari and 1 C. jejuni strains were isolated. C. lari isolates found in this study belong to 13 sequence types (STs), and 9 of them are newly described in this paper. Two out of the four previously described C. lari STs that were found in this study were previously found in human stool. The only C. jejuni isolate was found to be sequence type 1268, which belongs to ST-1275 clonal complex that is almost exclusively found in seabirds and can sporadically cause infection in humans. Regarding the obtained results, introducing surveillance of thermotolerant Campylobacter in shellfish in the Republic of Croatia is advised as an improvement for public health safety.