bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanochemical induction of wrinkling morphogenesis on elastic shells
Authors: Zakharov Andrei , Dasbiswas Kinjal
Published: April 2021

Morphogenetic dynamics of tissue sheets require coordinated cell shape changes regulated by global patterning of mechanical forces.
Fine tuning of phosphorus active sites on g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic decontamination
Authors: Liu Lian-Lian , Chen Fei , Wu Jing-Hang , Li Wen-Wei , Chen Jie-Jie , Yu Han-Qing
Published: April 2021

The customized phosphorous active sites on the graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets accelerate the activation of molecular oxygen, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic decontamination ability.
An electron-deficient tris(triazole)-based discotic liquid crystal that exhibits fast electron transport
Authors: Dhingra Shallu , Bala Indu , De Joydip , Gupta Santosh Prasad , Pandey Upendra Kumar , Pal Santanu Kumar
Published: April 2021

Fast electron transport of 1.61 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 using an electron-deficient tris(triazole)-based discotic liquid crystal.
A nonlinear optimal control approach for the pulping process of paper mills
Authors: Rigatos G. , Abbaszadeh M. , Cuccurullo G. , Siano P.
Published: April 2021

The mechanical pulping process is non‐linear and multivariable. To solve the related control problem, the dynamic model of the pulping process undergoes first approximate linearization around a temporary operating point which is updated at each iteration of the control algorithm. The linearization process relies on first‐order Taylor series expansion and on the computation of the Jacobian matrices of the state‐space model of the pulping process. For the approximately linearized description of the pulping process, a stabilizing H‐infinity feedback controller is designed. To compute the controller's feedback gains, an algebraic Riccati equation is solved at each time‐step of the control method. The stability properties of the control scheme are proven through Lyapunov analysis.
Stackelberg game for heterogeneous traffics management in next‐generation cellular network
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Ghani‐ur‐Rehman  , Zubair Muhammad , Abid Muhammad , Badshah Afzal
Published: April 2021

The innovations in the internet of things and the advent of media‐intensive applications have massively increased the data burden on third‐ and fourth‐generation (wireless cellular technology) mobile networks. The existing cellular networks face an overloading issue due to the growing rate of data traffics resultantly reducing the quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay and throughput. To overcome this issue, mobile network operators are searching for well‐organized ways to support such a massive data flow. Mobile data offloading schemes through small cells such as WiFi can be implemented to provide a lucrative and effective solution. A game‐based quality of service model for heterogeneous traffic to achieve the quality of service parameters is proposed. This model deals with a trade‐off between mobile network operators and access points, allocating economic incentives by mobile network operators to acess points for saving the spectrum. The model is simulated in MATLAB and the preliminary analyses proved the intense impact of the model on the offloading ratio and energy consumption by achieving superior results in the aforementioned parameters.
Angular‐spatial analysis of factors affecting the performance of light field reconstruction
Authors: Hu Xinjue , Zhang Lin
Published: April 2021

As a new VR multimedia format, Light Field (LF) has received more and more attention. LF can support users to move freely within a certain range during the experience. However, the limitation of LF acquisition technology has become the main obstacle to its large‐scale application. Since the current hardware technology cannot produce a lens small enough to meet the needs of LF capture, the intensity of the collected LF image is usually insufficient. Although there are many software LF reconstruction algorithms have been proposed to make captured result denser, they all face the problem of poor generalization in the application process. In this work, it is attempted to locate the factors that affect the performance of LF reconstruction from both the angular and spatial domains. The analysis results show that it is affected not only by the edge and texture of the LF content in the spatial domain, but also by the adjacent disparity and the reflection characteristics in the angular domain. An indicator to quantify the impact of these factors on reconstruction performance is also proposed, which will be helpful to design a new generalized adaptive LF reconstruction algorithm in the future.
Exact conic section arc elements in 2D and 2.5D FEM using a coordinate transformation
Authors: Codecasa Lorenzo , Gentili Gian Guido , Khosronejad Misagh , Pelosi Giuseppe , Selleri Stefano
Published: April 2021

This study introduces the conic section arc elements in 2D and 2.5D finite element method (FEM). Elements are obtained by deforming an edge in a standard triangular element through a coordinate transformation. This allows to completely eliminate the geometrical error in structures composed of circular, elliptical, hyperbolic and parabolic arcs. The element order is defined independently of the geometrical description of the boundary, allowing the use of simple meshers. Previously available FEM codes can be straightforwardly modified to introduce the conic section boundaries.
European waste management experience: yesterday, today, tomorrow
Authors: Khaertdinova Alfira , Sultanova Dilbar , Karimov Albert
Published: April 2021

The article presents an economic analysis of the state of municipal waste generation, utilization and recycling in the countries of the European Union and the Russian Federation. As a basis for the analysis, we used data on the 20 most representative countries that make a significant contribution to the formation of the main macroeconomic indicators of the EU. The results of the implementation of the EU environmental policy, the degree of reflection on the volume of trade in secondary raw materials, private investment in this sector, employment in the processing and recycling sectors, etc. are considered. In addition, a correlation analysis was carried out, which allowed us to determine the degree of dependence of waste disposal and recycling on various indicators, to identify the most significant of them and the main factor affecting the effectiveness of the country’s environmental policy.
The Role of Supervisors in the Hygiene Practice Compliance of the Food Sector Workers
Authors: Yürür Senay , Aktar Tugba
Published: April 2021

Food hygiene is indisputably one of the most important issues in terms of public health and safety. Food workers are the leading staff members for the compliance of the basic hygiene rules. COVID-19 pandemic has attracted more attention especially for the exported goods from the higher case countries. Even though there is no evidence about the food contamination and COVID-19 risk, according to the European Food Safety Authority, food hygiene practices are important to avoid any contamination risks. Managers are known to have a significant influence on the behavior of their subordinates. In the relevant literature, it is stated that “interactional justice”, which is called the behavior of managers concerning their subordinates and providing adequate information and explanation about the decisions taken, is the most important indicator of the performance and efficiency of subordinates. From this point on, it is thought that interactional justice will affect the behavior of food workers to comply with the hygiene rules. In this research, employees' perceptions of interactional justice are planned to be measured using the informational and interpersonal justice subscales of the organizational justice scale. The tendencies to comply with the hygiene rules will be measured by asking the requirements of the HACCP food security system. At the end of this study, we expect to reach the processing operation involved workers of the investigated food companies.
Modernization of information-measuring systems for grain processing
Authors: Fedotov Vitaliy , Solovykh Sergey
Published: April 2021

The paper discusses the basic operation principles of information-measuring systems for optimization wheat grain processing. The quality of grain processing products (cereals, flour, etc.) is influenced by both weather and climatic factors and grinding technologies. The modern development of information technologies makes it possible to modernize the existing information-measuring systems for grain processing and create new ones through the development of algorithms for analyzing the physical characteristics of the grain mass. During the study, test grinding of wheat grains of different varieties was carried out in a laboratory mill. To increase the yield of the finished product, digitalization of the selection of optimal grain separation modes was used. The obtained mathematical models allow predicting the quality of grain separation in separators of various types. The digitalization of the grain processing industry includes the use of artificial neural networks to analyze images of the grain mass using computer vision algorithms. It is promising to increase the information content of granulometric analysis using modern intelligent (information-measuring) systems. For the classification of wheat according to the milling properties, it is proposed to use the grain hardness. The studies used computer vision and artificial neural networks to find and organize the particles of grain grinding by geometric properties. The characteristics of the contours of the images of the grinding particles were taken into account. The values obtained by the developed information-measuring system were compared with that obtained using the Russian State Standard GOST methods. The error in assessing the grain hardness by the new method does not exceed 3.5%. The use of modern information tools allows improving the quality of wheat grain processing.
Relationship between agro-ecological resources of vineyards and the anthocyanins complex in berries
Authors: Ostroukhova Elena , Rybalko Evgeniy , Levchenko Svetlana , Boyko Vladimir , Belash Dmitriy , Viugina Mariia
Published: April 2021

This article is aimed at identifying the relationship between the territories agro-ecological conditions and the anthocyanins complex formation of grapes, which determines the quality and biological value of red wines. Using HPLC, the anthocyanins complex of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' cultivar from 6 industrial vineyards, located in three natural regions of Crimea, was studied. The agro-climatic resources of vineyards were assessed using the methods of geoinformation and mathematical modeling. It was detected that according to parameters of heat and moisture supply vineyards discriminated with Wilks L. = 0.007; α<0.00001. The direct correlation (r = 0.88-0.95) was identified between growing degree days above 10 °C, growing degree days above 20 °C, Winkler index, average growing season temperature and the rate of monoglucosides of malvidin and its derivatives in anthocyanins complex of berries; the inverse correlation – between the same agroecological indexes and the rate of cyanidin, petunidin and their derivatives. The similarity (Ed = 2.79-2.98) of anthocyanins complex of grapes from Villino v., Uglovoe v. and Yalta t. located in the western foothill-coastal and south coast regions was discovered. The highest content of anthocyanins was found in grapes from Privetnoe v. (5487 ± 384 mg kg-1), the smallest - from Solnechnaya Dolina v. (2154 ± 129 mg kg-1) located in the same natural region. The results obtained indicate the need for a "point" assessment of the agro-ecological resources for creation of industrial vineyards.
The reasons for the deterioration of chicken eggshell quality at high temperatures: a review
Authors: Kavtarashvili Alexey , Buyarov Viktor
Published: April 2021

In hot-climate regions high ambient temperature is one of the main problems of poultry farming. It is a reason for large financial losses caused by a significant decrease in the livability and productivity of poultry and the quality of products. Poor shell quality results in increased egg breakage and cracking. Such eggs lose the abilities for long-term storage or incubation and their market price is become significantly (1.5-3-fold) reduced. In the review presented the biological role of the eggshell, certain aspects of its formation, and the main reasons for the deterioration of eggshell quality in high ambient temperatures are discussed. It was shown that the eggshell quality depends on the genotype, age, feeding, health status, management conditions, etc. High ambient temperatures (above 32-35 °C) disrupt the process of eggshell formation and leads to a significant decrease in its weight, thickness, and strength. The negative impact of high ambient temperature on eggshell quality is associated with a complex set of problems, including low feed intake by hens, acid-base and mineral imbalances, physiological disorders in the endocrine system and other organs and mechanisms involved in the process of eggshell formation. The understanding of these reasons gives an opportunity for the development and implementation of targeted interventions and enables the minimization of negative impact of heat stress on eggshell quality and the efficiency of the commercial egg production.
Investment in innovative enterprises of the agro-industrial cluster of Republic of Crimea
Authors: Piskun Elena , Simchenko Nataliia , Nevezhin Victor , Orlova Irina , Babeshko Lyudmila
Published: April 2021

According to the main macroeconomic indicators, of Republic of Crimea does not occupy a leading position, therefore, the competitiveness of the region is assessed as low. In modern conditions, in order for the region economy to move to a new, better state, it is necessary to pay more attention to innovation. In such conditions, the importance of high-tech industries of the agro-industrial as an important factor in ensuring economic growth increases. Cluster associations, due to their effective self-organization and the use of innovation by enterprises, have a significant impact on the financial stability of Republic of Crimea. The problem of low innovation activity in enterprises of the agro-industrial cluster the region is due to the low availability of investment resources. For the successful functioning of the economy and the development of new innovative projects, especially in the agro-industrial sphere, it is necessary to attract new investors. The problem of determining the relationship between risk and dividend income when investing in securities issuers is relevant. The article defines the interest of investors in direct investments in enterprises that are elements of the agro-industrial cluster in the region, by determining profitability and risk using the likelihood function.
Placement and concentration in agriculture: latest trends (case study by Russian egg poultry)
Authors: Kostenko Olga
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of research on the location and territorial concentration in agriculture. The research object is egg poultry farming, which has been one of the most stable agriculture branches in Russia for decades. The method of modified location quotients was used to analyze territorial concentration. The analysis showed that the placement of egg poultry had changed drastically in 2004–2019. Russian regions have employed opposed strategies. In many regions, egg poultry farms have been closed or repurposed. Several regions are successfully developing the industry, and egg production in these territories is several times higher than domestic needs. Ten regions of Russia with a location quotient higher than 2.0 were identified. The volume of interregional exchange is growing at a faster pace. In 2004, the regions exported 30% of the egg production, and by 2019, the share increased to 51%. Location specialization and optimization of egg farms provide economic and social benefits. With the growth of the size of enterprises, their financial stability increases. Cost-saving opportunities, increased egg production, and competition between producers in the domestic market help to hold prices down.
Food Product Development: From the Consumers Aspect
Authors: Tugba Aktar
Published: April 2021

Product development involves the design activities of “new” products as well as the functionalization of the valid ones. This concept is highly associated with the demand of the consumers towards the product such as health promotion or sensory attraction. Moreover, consumers are the decider of product survival in the market. Therefore, with the sensory testing, we assess the consumers’ response which indicates the market success of the developed food. Hence, a food developer who comes up with a new product idea (including new and functionalization of the current one) needs to make sure of the consumer acceptance via sensory evaluation tasks. Sensory evaluation practices are usually the final and the determinant step of product success and acceptance. A comprehensive sensory practice should be well structured in terms of technical assessment as well as correct panelist group selection to be representative enough to give consumer’s response. Even though this aim sound to be a straight forward concept, the eating activity is quite complex and dynamic to mimic on the selected panelists as a consumer. So far, investigators collected enough data to understand only some of the senses however, sensory understanding of the several sense involving parameters like texture and aroma is still uncovered. This talk is established to understand the importance of the sensory approach which is done in practice to decide on the new/functionalized product to be placed in the market or not for business success.
Problems and Prospects of the Forest Industry Development in Russia: a case study of Baikal region
Authors: Dayneko D , Dayneko A , Dayneko V
Published: April 2021

The Forest industry is an important part of the Russian economy, so its condition has a great influence on the Russian economy in general and on various aspects of life, from the production of raw materials for various industries (such as construction, agriculture, furniture production, etc.), ending the recreational role of forests in people's lives. In this paper the major current problems and the future of the Forest industry development in Russia are discussed. The systematization of the main problems in the Forest industry for its development in Baikal region is presented. These problems include the following: production and technological, natural and environmental, institutional and organizational, and problems of the forest protection. The innovative development issues in the Forest industry have been discussed. The program of innovative and institutional transformations of the Forest industry is presented.The implementation of the Forest innovation system is suggested for sustainable Forest industry management and is based on expert opinions.
Resource-Saving Technology Based on Sewage Sludge
Authors: Efremova Sanya , Polyanskova Ekaterina , Bodrov Aleksey , Parfenova Ekaterina
Published: April 2021

The issues of waste disposal are currently having a global technological and economic complexity. The severity of the environmental problem is specified by the accumulation of large volumes of various wastes, including sewage sludge (SS). Modern technologies can provide its disposal with environmental and economic benefits. SS is a rich source of nutrients with a high fertilization potential. This work aims to study the utilization of wastewater sludge in recycling technology for agriculture. The composition of urban sewage sludge and its impact on the properties of gray forest soil were studied. It was shown that its application in a dose of 40-60 t/ha promoted an increase in the content of humus, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the soil and a decrease in acidity. The noted increase in the content of the studied heavy metals upon the introduction of various doses of sludge did not exceed the approximate permissible concentration (APC) in the soil. The results showed that the use of SS as a fertilizer restores the balance of organic matter in soils and improves their agroecological properties. This technology, as a safe way of recycling waste into a valuable complex fertilizer, contributes to resource conservation.
The Influence of Abiotic and Anthropogenic Factors on the Formation of Potato Yield
Authors: Shpanev Alexander , Smuk Vasiliy
Published: April 2021

Data on the influence of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the formation of crop productivity are important for the productive process management system. This work examines the results of a long-term study of the influence of abiotic (weather conditions) and anthropogenic (mineral fertilizers, an integrated plant protection system) factors on the formation of potato productivity in the North-West region of the Russian Federation. Weather conditions were the most significant (23.6%) among all the factors affecting the potato yield in the North-West region of the Russian Federation. Integrated plant protection and mineral nutrition had approximately equal contribution to the yield, i.e. 16.6% and 18.6% accordingly. In 2012–2020, additional potato yield reached 56–65% on average under the influence of mineral fertilizers, depending on their dose, and 37–56% under the influence of integrated plant protection Program. The combined influence of these two factors, taking into account the effect of interaction, led to an increase of the potato yield by 114-157% as compared with the actual yield on unfertilized and unprotected control (143 centners per hectare).
Recovery of magnetite-hematite concentrate from iron ore tailings
Authors: Khokhulya Mikhail , Fomin Alexander , Alekseeva Svetlana
Published: April 2021

The research is aimed at study of the probable recovery of iron from the tailings of the Olcon mining company located in the north-western Arctic zone of Russia. Material composition of a sample from a tailings dump was analysed. The authors have developed a separation production technology to recover magnetite-hematite concentrate from the tailings. A processing flowsheet includes magnetic separation, milling and gravity concentration methods. The separation technology provides for production of iron ore concentrate with total iron content of 65.9% and recovers 91.0% of magnetite and 80.5% of hematite from the tailings containing 20.4% of total iron. The proposed technology will increase production of the concentrate at a dressing plant and reduce environmental impact.
Project of Gasification plant for mechanized processing of household waste
Authors: Druzhinina Anastasiia , Golubeva Antonina , Zhuravleva Eleonora , Makarenko Ekaterina , Nedomovnaya Anastasiia
Published: April 2021

Humanity knows three ways to deal with waste: incineration, burial (landfills) and recycling. All the methods, except reuse and recycle, destroy nature and are dangerous for ecology and human health exactly. Each year Russians produce about 50 million tons solid waste, the most part of which goes to the landfills. National green projects are aimed to create visible eco-friendly system by awarding greenwashing projects with grants: landfills with sorting system, sorting centres without recycling facilities. Therefore, this study is aimed to discover recycling practices execute in Russia and suggest the project of gasification waste plant.
Application of Green Technologies in Irrigation
Authors: Medvedeva Lyudmila Nikolaevna , Medvedev Artem Vladimirovich
Published: April 2021

The article presents materials which reveal the using of green technologies (renewable energy sources) at the site of the irrigation complex of agriculture. In the article an option for placing solar panels on the Prigorodny irrigation system of the Krasnodar Territory of the Russian Federation is proposed to cover the power consumption of the units of the head pumping station PS 1 23. Engineering, technical and economic calculations of design, installation, and placement of solar panels of two types with a capacity of 200 watt were carried out. According to the application of Russian solar panels, the investment requirement is 1,845 billion rubles, with a payback period of 10, 2 years. Organizational and legal tools for attracting investments in the land reclamation complex of the country's agriculture using the mechanism of public-private partnership and the infrastructure of land reclamation parks is justified.
Applicability of the modified diatomite for treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals
Authors: Boriskov Dmitry , Efremova Sanya , Komarova Nadezhda , Tikhomirova Elena , Bodrov Aleksey
Published: April 2021

The paper studies various modifications of diatomite, aiming at creating sorbents for wastewater purification from heavy metal ions. Diatomite of the Akhmatovskoe deposit of the Penza region was considered as a raw material. The processes of physical and chemical modification of diatomite were investigated. Adsorption isotherms were constructed, quantitative characteristics of adsorption of copper ions on the surface of modified sorbents were obtained. A chemical modification (acidic and alkaline) is proposed, which results in an increased adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions. The applicability of diatomite for the purification of highly concentrated wastewater containing heavy metals is shown.
Sulfur-Modified Composites for Enhancement of Building Foundations
Authors: Efremova S.Y. , Panfilova M.I. , Zubrev N.I. , Politaeva N.A. , Goryacheva A.A
Published: April 2021

This paper considers the issues of improving the strength characteristics of foundations by injecting specially selected composite mortars into soils. The properties of injection mortars used in seismic hazardous areas are improved using various additives consisting of various wastes. The article explores the possibility of using a composite mortar modified with sulfur, which is waste from oil refining. The influence of its addition on the strength characteristics of composite materials is studied. The optimal content of sulfur addition was determined, which makes it possible to increase the strength of building mixtures by 20-30%. The possibility to use a sulfur- modified composite mortar to strengthen an artificial foundation for reducing the seismicity of the construction site was proven.
Methodological approaches for the efficient production of parapharmaceuticals based on wild raw materials
Authors: Gumerova G.H. , Vakhitov M.R. , Dokuchaeva I.S.
Published: April 2021

The foundations of efficient production are laid at the stage of developing a high-tech product. The object of research is wild berries (lingonberry, honeysuckle, viburnum, cranberry, cloudberry, sea buckthorn, mountain ash, aronia), which are used as a source of a natural complex of biologically active substances and trace elements as the main substance of a new parapharmaceutical. The primary technological task of food engineering of paramarceuticals is the maximum extraction of biologically active substances of plant raw materials and their preservation in their native form during the warranty period of storage. Therefore, as the main criterion for changing the properties of raw materials during processing, we used the amount of change in the redox potential of the system. A set of methodological approaches has been developed to ensure the quality and safety of the new parapharmaceutical.
Development of a new resource-saving technology of rye-wheat bread on liquid rye sourdoughs using recycled bread
Authors: Savkina Olesya , Kuznetsova Lina , Parakhina Olga , Lokachuk Marina , Lavrenteva Natalia , Pavlovskaya Elena
Published: April 2021

Recycling of substandard bread, technological waste and bread from the distribution network is a promising way of waste management and raw materials saving. In order to optimize the old bread recycling process and to improve the quality of finished products, a new resource-saving technology for rye–wheat bread was developed. It was found that use under 25% of bread crumbs instead of flour was possible in a liquid sourdough with a moisture content of 70%. When old bread dosage increased from 50 to 100%, acid accumulation slowed down, the lifting force deteriorated, the viscosity increased, which may makes it difficult or impossible to pump the sourdough in industrial technological process. The liquid sourdough made with 25% of old bread had a better lifting capacity and contained more alcohol and volatile acids than the control. The quality of bread made using sourdough with 25% of old bread was comparable in quality to control bread made using traditional sourdough. Liquid rye sourdough with recycled old bread allowed the bread shelf life extension by slowing down the bread staling. No effect on mold rate was found when using recycled old bread in sourdough.
Biotechnologies in the creation of black and red rice varieties for functional nutrition
Authors: Goncharova Yulia , Bragina Olesya , Goncharov Sergey , Kharitonov Evgeniy
Published: April 2021

Resistant varieties allow to reduce water consumption, application of pesticides and herbicides during their production, which is necessary for the development of energy-efficient and organic cultivation technologies. Another task facing breeders is the creation of black-grain and red-grain rice varieties containing up to 20 times more antioxidants than white-grain rice varieties for functional nutrition. To solve these problems, systems of molecular markers have been developed to control the inclusion of target loci in the cultivar genotype. The production of rice varieties with colored pericarp in Russia is associated with the inclusion in the genotype of created varieties genes that determine drought resistance, due to the lack of irrigation water in most rice-growing regions. To reduce the complexity of creating varieties of functional direction with given characteristics, markers linked to genes of interest are grouped into multiplex complexes presented in the work. They simultaneously control both the adaptability and the nutritional value of the material. Four multiplex complexes control 11 loci that determine the content of micro and macro elements. The first one controls the genes that determine the content of Mn, Ca on chromosome 3 and Zn on the eighth chromosome. The second controls two genes that determine the content of iron (on chromosomes 6 and 8) and manganese on the tenth chromosome. The third helps to identify polymorphism at the loci that determine the content of Zn, P, K and other traits that determine the nutritional value on chromosomes 5, 6, 8. Five complexes help to track the inclusion in the genotype of 13 loci that determine the formation of traits associated with the adaptability of rice samples.
Innovative processes and modernization in the agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation: results and prospects
Authors: Letyagina Ekaterina , Storozheva Anna , Dadayan Elena
Published: April 2021

This article outlines the results of the study of innovative processes and modernization of the agroindustrial complex in the Russian Federation, determined by Russia joining the World Trade Organization, strengthening of the food crisis, and other worldwide processes. We have considered and analyzed the facts and features determining innovation and modernization tendencies of agroindustrial production in the Russian Federation, and revealed the problems occurring during introduction of innovations and various knowledge-intensive designs. In addition, we considered the possibilities for modernization of the agroindustrial complex depending on the type of agricultural activity, and outlined possible ways of overcoming the difficulties over the course of innovative processes and the modernization of Russian agriculture, taking into account modern sociopolitical and economic realities and requirements. At the same time, the study provides an analysis of statistical data that clearly substantiate the state of modern agriculture in the Russian Federation and the prospects for its development. Moreover, the article reflects the issues of the formation and implementation of the state policy in innovation and modernization, highlights its main approaches and objectives, the implementation of which will allow avoiding the impact of the global food crisis and ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation.
Financial modeling of the influence of factors on the mortgage rate in developed countries
Authors: Ermilova Mariia I.
Published: April 2021

The article evaluates the impact of a certain list of factors on the main indicators of the development of the housing market, including its financing. Within the framework of the study, a system of statistical indicators was formed, which were divided into two blocks and their influence on each other and on the market was determined. It is essential to determine the mutual combination of housing provision and the level of GDP. According to the results of the study, a rating of the EU countries and Russia was formed in terms of housing affordability.
Prospects of socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Khodachek A.M.
Published: April 2021

Strategic documents related to the socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are considered. The role of system-forming projects that have a significant impact on the development of engineering and transport infrastructure in the Arctic is determined. The place of St. Petersburg as a historically developed center for the study and development of the Arctic zone in various directions is shown. The article analyzes a systematic approach to the development of mineral resources in the Arctic on the basis of a broad interdepartmental and interregional interaction of various economic entities in the real sector of the economy and government authorities.
Conception and implementation of interdisciplinarity in the Human-Environment Observatories (OHM, CNRS)
Authors: Chenorkian Robert
Published: April 2021

To respond to the complexity of the socioecosystemic crises that increasingly affect an anthropized and globalized planet, since 2007 the author has developed and implemented within the framework of the CNRS Ecology and Environment Institute (INEE) a comprehensive interdisciplinary system known as the Human-Environment Observatories (or OHM, of which there were 13 in 2019), a laureate of the Laboratory for Excellence project (LabEx) as part of the French Government’s ‘Investing in the future’ programme (‘Programme d’investissement d’avenir’, PIA) since 2012. The author presents what interdisciplinarity means in this framework, how it differs from conventionally identified interdisciplinary exchanges, how it is conceived and implemented, from the theoretical to the most practical level. He provides some examples of work and in a discussion, positions this system and its principles with regard to the existing frameworks and systems.
Architecture et interdisciplinarité. Le cas d’étude des instituts de la complexité
Authors: Li Vigni Fabrizio
Published: April 2021

Un certain nombre d’historiens et de sociologues ont interrogé la relation entre socialisation et architecture. Mais rares sont les auteurs ayant réfléchi au lien entre architecture et production des savoirs scientifiques. Dans cet article, nous présentons une piste de recherche pour approfondir le rapport entre architecture et production de savoirs dits interdisciplinaires. Nous proposons d’enquêter sur les discours, les stratégies et les éléments matériels que les chercheurs déploient pour mettre en place des collaborations scientifiques entre domaines différents. Les cas d’étude sont deux « instituts de la complexité » : le Santa Fe Institute (SFI) et l’Institut des systèmes complexes − Paris Île-de-France (ISC-PIF). Le matériau empirique se fonde sur des entretiens, des ethnographies et des archives.
Vers un management durable ? État des lieux et perspective « supradisciplinaire »
Authors: Martinez Fabien
Published: April 2021

L’inclusion des défis du développement durable en tant que thème de recherche dans le « champ » du management a mis en lumière certaines sources d’incohérences dans les postulats ontologiques et épistémologiques qui y sont associés. Inspiré de l’expérience de l’auteur dans un programme de recherche et de formation « Marie Curie » fondé sur la collaboration entre universitaires et acteurs d’entreprises et une volonté de stimuler le progrès social (« Innovating for Sustainability », 2013-2016), cet article appelle à un effort « supradisciplinaire » de production des savoirs pour permettre la construction d’un paradigme de management (mieux) adapté aux défis du développement durable. Trois formes principales de supradisciplinarité sont identifiées : la multidisciplinarité, l’interdisciplinarité et la transdisciplinarité. Si toutes ces formes ont le potentiel de stimuler le progrès vers le développement durable, le processus de « transdisciplinarité » est présenté comme la forme d’engagement la plus avancée, mais aussi la plus exigeante.
Order-disorder in room-temperature ionic liquids probed via methyl quantum tunneling
Authors: Mamontov Eugene , Osti Naresh C. , Ryder Matthew R.
Published: April 2021

Room-temperature ionic liquids are promising candidates for applications ranging from electrolytes for energy storage devices to lubricants for food and cellulose processing to compounds for pharmaceutics, biotransformation, and biopreservation. Due to the ion complexity, many room-temperature ionic liquids readily form amorphous phases upon cooling, even at modest rates. Here, we investigate two commonly studied imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, as well as their mixtures, to demonstrate how the complex interplay between the crystalline and amorphous phases is affected by the processing conditions, such as thermal history, liquid mixing, and applied pressure. We show that quantum tunneling in the cation methyl groups, measured by high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering, can be used to probe the order-disorder in room-temperature ionic liquids (crystalline vs amorphous state) that develops as a result of variable processing conditions.
Vibration analysis of ribbed and ring-stiffened FG cylindrical shell under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Liang Bin , Yang Meng , Liu Lin Xia , Li Rong
Published: April 2021

This paper proposed an energy method, based on the Donnell thin shell theory, to derive the vibration characteristic equations of underwater ribbed and ring-stiffened functionally graded (FG) cylindrical shells, and the characteristic equations are solved by MATLAB to obtain their natural frequencies. Through comparative analysis with the existing literature, the correctness and effectiveness of the calculation method are verified. By using numerical examples, the effects of the shell size, material composition, rib section length to width ratio, and rib arrangement on the natural frequency are analyzed, and it has been proved that the aforementioned parameters are the key parameters influencing natural frequency. It is found that the natural frequency of the FG cylindrical shell increases with the decrease in the length–diameter ratio of the shell, increases with the increase in the shell thickness–diameter ratio, and increases with the decrease in the rib spacing. When the cylindrical shell is short and thin, the addition of longitudinal ribs can significantly change the natural frequency of the cylindrical shell.
Effect of three weaning methods on behavioural, cortisol and weight changes in buffalo calves
Authors: de la Cruz-Cruz Luis A. , Bonilla-Jaime Herlinda , Orozco-Gregorio Héctor , Vargas-Romero Juan M. , Tarazona-Morales Ariel M. , Estévez-Cabrera Maribel M. , Roldán-Santiago Patricia
Published: April 2021

Context Calves reared in cow–calf systems separated from their mothers could present various physiological and behavioural changes. Aims The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of different weaning protocols on plasma cortisol concentrations, behavioural responses, and weight gain in water buffalo calves. Methods In total, 40 Murrah buffalo calves (20 males, 20 females) aged 7–8 months and weighing 247.05 ± 33.23 kg were included. The animals were assigned to one of four treatments (10 per group, 5 males, 5 females), as follows: non-weaned calves (NoW); calves weaned abruptly on Day 0 (AW); calves fitted with nose-flaps anti-suckling devices on Day –7 and completely separated from their mothers on Day 0 (NFW); and calves separated from their mothers by a fence line on Day –7 and, then completely separated from their mothers on Day 0 (FENW). Plasma cortisol was measured on Days –7, –6, –4, 0, 1 and 3, while the behavioural variables were measured from Day –7 to Day –4, and from Day 0 to Day 3. The weight of the calves was evaluated on Days –9, –7, 0 and 3. Key results AW calves presented higher cortisol concentrations than did NoW calves (P = 0.0002) and showed a marked increase in walking and decrease in grazing and ruminating on Days 0–3 compared with the other treatments (P < 0.0001). The use of NFW caused behavioural changes after the device placement and after the final separation from the mother (P < 0.0001). In FENW, behavioural changes were observed after the separation by a linear fence but no negative changes were observed after the final separation from the mothers, and positive behaviours such as grazing, rumination and exploration increased. No changes in weight gain were observed (P > 0.05). Conclusions No clear effects were observed in the implementation of alternative weaning, since both NFW and FENW presented changes related to stress at weaning, compared with abrupt weaning. However, in FENW, no behavioural alterations were observed after definitive separation from their mothers. Implications The application of fence-line separation before final separation could be a promising strategy to reduce stress at weaning in water buffalo calves. However, further studies are required to determinate its long-term effect.
Epigenetic memory and growth responses of the clonal plant
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyin , Li Cunxia , Tie Dan , Quan Jiaxin , Yue Ming , Liu Xiao
Published: April 2021

The responses of plants to recurrent stress may differ from their responses to a single stress event. In this study, we investigated whether clonal plants can remember past environments. Parental ramets of Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kuprian were exposed to UV-B stress treatments either once or repeatedly (20 and 40 repetitions). Differences in DNA methylation levels and growth parameters among parents, offspring ramets and genets were analysed. Our results showed that UV-B stress reduced the DNA methylation level of parental ramets, and the reduction was enhanced by increasing the number of UV-B treatments. The epigenetic variation exhibited by recurrently stressed parents was maintained for a long time, but that of singly stressed parents was only short-term. Moreover, clonal plants responded to different UV-B stress treatments with different growth strategies. The one-time stress was a eustress that increased genet biomass by increasing offspring leaf allocation and defensive allocation in comparison to the older offspring. In contrast, recurring stress was a distress that reduced genet biomass, increased the biomass of storage stolons, and allocated more defensive substances to the younger ramets. This study demonstrated that the growth of offspring and genets was clearly affected by parental experience, and parental epigenetic memory and the transgenerational effect may play important roles in this effect.
A neural circuit for competing approach and defense underlying prey capture
Authors: Rossier Daniel , La Franca Violetta , Salemi Taddeo , Natale Silvia , Gross Cornelius T.
Published: April 2021

Significance

Predatory hunting involves measured risk taking by the predator to anticipate dangerous defensive behavior from prey. This involves a mechanism where the motivation to hunt can overcome defensive behaviors toward prey to unlock attack. Here, we found that activation of a subset of GABAergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) promotes hunting but not feeding behavior. Stimulation of projections of these neurons to the periaqueductal gray (PAG), an area known to trigger defensive behaviors, decreased avoidance of prey. Single neuron recording during exposure to prey revealed two distinct PAG neuronal populations encoding risk assessment and flight. We conclude that in male mice, LHA GABAergic neurons are involved in blocking defensive behavior encoded in the PAG to overcome fear of prey.
Architecture of the mycobacterial succinate dehydrogenase with a membrane-embedded Rieske FeS cluster
Authors: Zhou Xiaoting , Gao Yan , Wang Weiwei , Yang Xiaolin , Yang Xiuna , Liu Fengjiang , Tang Yanting , Lam Sin Man , Shui Guanghou , Yu Lu , Tian Changlin , Guddat Luke W. , Wang Quan , Rao Zihe , Gong Hongri
Published: April 2021

Significance

Targeting energy metabolism in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
has emerged as a new paradigm in antituberculosis drug discovery. Succinate dehydrogenase is considered the regulator of respiration in
M. tuberculosis
.
Mycobacteria
contains two different succinate dehydrogenase enzymes designated Sdh1 and Sdh2. Sdh1 has recently been identified as a new class of succinate dehydrogenase. In this study, we have determined
M. smegmatis
Sdh1 structures alone and in the presence of ubiquinone-1, revealing that Sdh1 has a novel electron transfer pathway and a unique substrate-binding site. These data show that the structure of
M. tuberculosis
Sdh1 is significantly different by comparison with the human counterpart making a good antituberculosis drug target.
Size dependence of hydrophobic hydration at electrified gold/water interfaces
Authors: Serva Alessandra , Salanne Mathieu , Havenith Martina , Pezzotti Simone
Published: April 2021

Significance

The optimization of “green” electrochemical processes is one of the most important challenges in the transition toward renewable energy technologies. In many of these processes, including, e.g.,

C
O

2

and

N

2

reduction, small hydrophobic molecules are formed and react at the interface, and their hydration free energy modulates the associated thermodynamics. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the mechanisms and energetics of hydrophobic hydration at an electrified gold/water interface. We propose an adaptation of the Lum–Chandler–Weeks theory that maps the changes in hydration free energies at the interface as a function of solute size and applied potential.
Endophyllum kaernbachii.
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which is limited to Indonesia and other Asian countries. It attacks Convolvulaceae, especially Ipomoea and Merremia, and as these hosts exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions, this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.
Phragmidium formosanum.
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which is limited to parts of Asia. It infects Rubus spp., which exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions; therefore this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.
Puccinia erythropus.
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which has limited geographic distribution. As hosts exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions, this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.
Puccinia miscanthi.
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which has limited geographic distribution. As hosts exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions, this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.