bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robot target tracking control considering obstacle avoidance based on combination of deep reinforcement learning and PID
Authors: Liu Yong , Jiang Xiao , Li Xiang , Sun Boxi , Qian Sen , Wu Yihao
Published: October 2024

When simultaneously addressing the challenges of dynamic target tracking and obstacle avoidance for robots, conventional control and control only based on reinforcement learning cannot deal with the complex scenarios effectively. The purpose of this study is to design a robot control algorithm that combines deep reinforcement learning (Soft Actor-Critic, SAC) with PID to achieve real-time tracking of a moving object and effectively avoid single or multiple obstacles. The control of the robot is divided into two key components: initially, the first joint of the 6-degree-of-freedom robot is controlled by PID algorithm, which makes the working plane (the plane coincident with the axis of the first joint and parallel to the linkage) quickly approach the target until it overlaps. Subsequently, the task of reinforcement learning is simplified to control the planar robot to track the target projection in working plane while avoiding the obstacle projection, ultimately achieve target tracking and obstacle avoidance in 3D space. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed method has good efficiency and convergence speed. The SAC-PID strategy effectively controls the Universal-Robots UR5 to complete dynamic target tracking while accomplishing obstacle avoidance in both virtual and real-world environments.
Effect Size Magnification: No Variable Is as Important as the One You’re Thinking About—While You’re Thinking About It
Authors: Gandhi Linnea , Manning Benjamin S. , Duckworth Angela L.
Published: October 2024

The goal of psychological science is to discover truths about human nature, and the typical form of empirical insights is a simple statement of the form x relates to y. We suggest that such “one-liners” imply much larger x- y relationships than those we typically study. Given the multitude of factors that compete and interact to influence any human outcome, small effect sizes should not surprise us. And yet they do—as evidenced by the persistent and systematic underpowering of research studies in psychological science. We suggest an explanation. Effect size magnification is the tendency to exaggerate the importance of the variable under investigation because of the momentary neglect of others. Although problematic, this attentional focus serves a purpose akin to that of the eye’s fovea. We see a particular x-y relationship with greater acuity when it is the center of our attention. Debiasing remedies are not straightforward, but we recommend (a) recalibrating expectations about the effect sizes we study, (b) proactively exploring moderators and boundary conditions, and (c) periodically toggling our focus from the x variable we happen to study to the non- x variables we do not.
When Power and Expertise Collide, How Do Groups Decide?
Authors: Coll Kathryn , Bain Kristin , Bonner Bryan L. , Talbot Tyler R. , Shannahan Daniel , Monnot Robert
Published: October 2024

This research examines outcomes associated with the misalignment of power and expertise. Using interactive groups, we found that it was specifically the combination of providing performance feedback and then assigning power to the worst member that led to negative outcomes, not merely that the worst performer held decision power. A follow-up study verified that veridical feedback improved people’s ability to identify expertise. Across two additional studies, we found that known misalignment of decision power and performance decreased perceived fairness and expectations of success. We posit that when members know that power and expertise are misaligned, decision making and performance suffer.
The Evolution of Public Opinion Over Gay Rights in Switzerland
Authors: Siegel Scott N.
Published: October 2024

At the same time as support for LGB rights and tolerance of homosexuality has increased among western democracies, there has also been a strong backlash. How can these two trends be reconciled? This article answers that question by considering the distribution of public opinion over LGB rights in Switzerland. Using a novel method, this article shows how Swiss citizens have become more polarized over LGB rights, not between those who favor and those who oppose but between those who strongly favor and the ambivalent. Some people on the right are also increasingly divided amongst themselves. The key driver is the growing impact party identity has on people’s social attitudes like acceptance of pro-LGB policies. Results from Switzerland suggest we will find increased polarization in other democracies where the cultural political spectrum has become salient.
Comparison of Clinical Diagnosis and Autopsy Findings of Early Neonatal Deaths: Diagnostic Challenges and the Value of Autopsy in Identifying Rare Pathologies
Authors: Suhren Jan-Theile , Hussein Kais , Kreipe Hans , Schaumann Nora
Published: October 2024

Background:

In a non-forensic hospital setting, neonatal death within the first week of life is often related to premature birth and/or lung diseases. Without post-mortem examination, the identification of the cause of death may be challenging. Autopsy can confirm the clinical diagnosis, uncover additional information or change the diagnosis. Our study aimed to assess the correlation between the clinical diagnosis and post-mortem findings in early neonatal deaths.

Methods:

The retrospective study included autopsy cases with neonatal deaths within the first 7 days of life (arbitrary time interval 2006-2021). Discrepancies between clinical and histopathological findings were classified into 3 groups: (i) full agreement, (ii) additional findings discovered by autopsy, or (iii) autopsy changed the diagnosis.

Results:

A cohort of 27 cases could be identified and lung pathologies were the most common finding (56%). Additional findings could be discovered in 48% of cases. Major discrepancies which changed the clinical diagnosis could be found in 11% (n = 3/27) of cases.

Conclusion:

Frequently, post-mortem examinations validate the clinical diagnosis while revealing crucial information in a few cases. In these discrepant cases, autopsy findings can provide information for genetic counselling and quality control of clinical management.
Navigating the social world with neck dystonia: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Maxwell-Scott Melanie , O’Keeffe Fiadhnait , Eccles Fiona JR
Published: October 2024

Neck dystonia is a neurological condition, characterised by involuntary movements of the neck muscles, causing twisted head positions and often pain and head tremor. Ten participants with neck dystonia were interviewed and the data was analysed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. Three themes were constructed: (1) dismissed by others for having an unfamiliar condition; (2) negotiating a new social identity; and (3) managing the stigma of a visible condition. It is proposed that psychological support could benefit people with neck dystonia who experience difficulties arising from identity management and stigma. Systemic interventions, such as education campaigns, are also proposed to help address stigmatising attitudes.
The impact of war situation on endometriosis patients: Evaluating physical and mental health outcomes
Authors: Mostafa Jollanar , Volodarsky-Perel Alexander , Altshuler Hellen , Doron Avia , Burke Yechiel Z , Elizur Shai E , Berkowitz Elad
Published: October 2024

To investigate the impact of war situation on physical functioning, mental health status, and disease manifestations among endometriosis patients. Questionnaire-based study analyzing physical and psychosocial well-being. The study includes 50 endometriosis patients at Sheba Medical Center who completed a detailed questionnaire before and after the onset of the October 7, 2023, War in Israel. Significant deterioration in physical and mental health after the onset of war (pain score 6 vs 7; p < 0.001). Although having a first-degree relative affected by the war was associated with health deterioration (OR, 5.44; p = 0.02), similar pattern of health status aggregation was observed also in a subgroup of 19 women without family involvement, suggesting the general war situation as a likely cause. Starting new anti-anxiety or antidepressant medications and psychological therapy had a protective effect (OR, 0.21; p = 0.05). War situation exacerbates endometriosis symptoms, highlighting the importance of early psychological interventions to mitigate negative impacts.
Walking Methodologies in the Uplands of the North York Moors National Park
Authors: Ratcliffe Thomas
Published: October 2024

As a research interviewer, walking alongside research participants is a creative methodology that enables researchers to discover more democratic, richer data on places, spaces, and surroundings. This article reflects upon walking methods in National Park landscapes from experiences of working on a social research project, which applied a walking methodology in the North York Moors National Park. From the findings of this project and drawing on walking methods literature, the article argues that walking blurs any cultural–natural divisions and allows the interview to be placed into a natural environment where the interview is influenced and shaped by the landscape. The article contributes to the social sciences by innovatively demonstrating how walking acts as an everyday, collaborative research method which through its multi-sensory interactions is an important approach to understand non-human environments and protected landscapes. Applying a participatory research lens, the article reveals the relationships between walking and routine, heritage, participation, nature, sensory immersion, and identity in a contested environment.
National waiting time monitoring in oral healthcare – The role of triage dental nurses
Authors: Söderlund Riitta
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Our study analyzed dental nurses’ use and use behavior determinants of electronic patient IS modules in telephone triage. The modules were implemented in public oral healthcare organizations’ patient ISs to digitalize the national waiting time monitoring system.

Methods

For the cross-sectional survey, we collected data from dental nurses using convenience sampling and applied a modified UTAUT as the theoretical framework.

Results

The results indicate that using the module for different purposes varied, and the nurses used it sparsely in recording data for monitoring national waiting times. Using the module was laborious, and triage work was busy.

Conclusion

Dental nurses’ low system usage resulted in poor-quality data for waiting time monitoring. As healthcare data is increasingly used for purposes other than clinical decision making, we must ensure that healthcare professionals performing clinical tasks perceive data recording for non-clinical purposes as meaningful and have time for proper data entry.
Plasma metabolites, systolic blood pressure, lifestyle, and stroke risk: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Canjia , Li Mingxiao , Yang Miaomiao , Lin Jiaqi , Huang Jinyao , Lin Ying , Chen Xi , Liang Yongqiang , Yang Yuanhai , Yu Ziyuan , Hu Dongsheng , Zhang Ming , Hu Fulan
Published: October 2024

Background:

To estimate the associations of stroke risk with plasma metabolites, metabolic risk score (MRS), the combinations of MRS with hypertension or lifestyle, and lifestyle-related metabolic signature. To assess the improvement of the stroke risk prediction model through the incorporation of MRS.

Methods:

A total of 77,315 participants from the UK Biobank were included in this study. Xgboost and LASSO-Cox regression were used to select metabolites and construct MRS. Elastic net regression was utilized to construct the lifestyle-related metabolic signature. Multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate the associations between metabolites, MRS, the combinations of MRS with hypertension or lifestyle, lifestyle-related metabolic signature, and stroke risk.

Results:

We identified 48, 63, 39, and 4 metabolites associated with the risk of stroke, ischemic stroke (IS), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), respectively. High MRS significantly increased the risk of stroke (HR = 2.65 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.09−3.35)), IS (HR = 2.45 (95% CI: 1.89−3.17)), ICH (HR = 2.74 (95% CI: 1.55−4.85)), and SAH (HR = 4.64 (95% CI: 2.25−9.56)). In the combination analyses, compared with normal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and low MRS, normal/high SBP, and high MRS significantly increased stroke risk (HR = 5.80 (95% CI: 2.75–12.27)/6.37 (95% CI: 3.22−12.62)). A favorable/unfavorable lifestyle and high MRS also significantly increased stroke risk (HR = 2.38 (95% CI: 1.73–3.28)/3.86 (95% CI: 2.63−5.67)) compared with a favorable lifestyle and low MRS. Incorporating MRS into the 15-year stroke and IS risk prediction model increased the areas under the curves (AUCs) from 0.746 to 0.766 and from 0.771 to 0.811, respectively. The metabolic signature was correlated with adherence to a healthy lifestyle (r = 0.414; P = 2.22e−16) and inversely associated with stroke risk (HR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73–0.86)).

Conclusions:

Various metabolites and MRS were significantly associated with the risk of stroke, IS, ICH, and SAH. Individuals with a high MRS may face an elevated stroke risk among populations with high SBP or unhealthy lifestyle, even those with normal SBP or healthy lifestyle. MRS provided modest improvement to the stroke risk prediction model. The lifestyle-related metabolic signature could reduce 20% stroke risk.
Exploring the impact of sepak takraw ball heading on brain injury risk: An analytical and experimental investigation
Authors: M Hassan Nik M Haikal , Johari Nasrul Hadi , Omar Mohd Nadzeri , Hassan Mohd Hasnun A
Published: October 2024

Sepak takraw, a unique sport resembling volleyball but played with the legs, is popular in Asia. Players often use their foreheads to receive the ball, exposing them to potential brain injuries. This research evaluates the potential for brain injuries from heading in sepak takraw. Using both analytical and experimental approaches, we developed a mathematical model adapted from soccer-related studies to predict peak linear acceleration (PLA). We also conducted laboratory experiments to measure PLA and peak rotational acceleration (PRA) using a ball launcher and an Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD). The mathematical model demonstrated a high level of accuracy in PLA prediction, confirming its reliability. Comparative analysis with soccer and water polo studies revealed that the measured PLA, PRA, and Head Injury Criteria (HIC) values for sepak takraw are below suggested concussion thresholds, indicating a lower risk of brain injury. However, this assessment does not account for the cumulative effects of repetitive head impacts, which increase the risk of brain injury over time. Despite sepak takraw’s distinct play style, the findings indicate that while the inherent risk of head injury from single impacts may be low, the potential long-term effects of repetitive impacts warrant further investigation. This study enhances the understanding of sports-related brain injuries and highlights the need for further research into subconcussive impacts and the development of protective measures. Our research paves the way for more comprehensive investigations, including field experiments, which are crucial for a nuanced understanding of sepak takraw’s impact dynamics.
New Multi-Channel VSMFxLMS Algorithm for Vibration Reduction of Gear Systems
Authors: Geng Zhibo , Chen Min , Wang Yingjian , Kong Yun , Xiao Ke
Published: October 2024

At present, the active control of gear vibration mostly relies on existing algorithms. In order to achieve effective vibration reduction of the gear system, particularly during the vibration process, this paper proposes a multi-channel VSMFxLMS algorithm based on the FxLMS algorithm. This novel approach takes into account the time-varying nature of the vibration signal during gear vibration. Adaptive filter power coefficients are updated in a skip-tongue variable-step manner using momentum factors. Firstly, the paper establishes the dynamics model of the gear system and analyzes the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system. It then examines the vibration damping effect of the FxLMS algorithm and analyzes its performance under different gear system motion states, considering different step lengths and momentum factors. Lastly, the proposed VSMFxLMS algorithm is compared with the FxLMS algorithm, highlighting the superiority of the former. Overall, this research highlights the potential of a multi-channel VSMFxLMS algorithm in reducing vibrations in gear systems. The study optimizes the performance of gear systems while using advanced control strategies.
Application of the world guidelines for falls prevention and management’s risk stratification algorithm to patients on a frailty intervention pathway and the potential utility of sensory impairment information
Authors: Katiri Roulla , Holman Jack A. , Magner Siobhán , O’Caheny Cian , Byrne Colm P.
Published: October 2024

Background

The 2022 world guidelines for falls prevention and management suggest measuring sensory function including dizziness, vision, and hearing. These variables are not included in the falls risk stratification algorithm. This study sought to investigate the utility of the guidelines and potential avenues for improvement. This study applied the falls risk stratification recommendations and reviewed the individual sensory impairment risk factor variables predictive of falls and falls risk grouping in those assessed by a frailty intervention team (FIT) based in an emergency department (ED).

Methods

Patients over 65 years old who attended the ED and had a comprehensive geriatric assessment carried out by FIT over a period of four months were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Patient characteristics, medication, physical and sensory function status data was retrieved and analysed with respect to falls and falls risk grouping.

Results

Data was gathered retrospectively from 392 patients. Excluding those with missing data, almost all attendees were in the high-risk of falls category (n = 170, 43.4%), or the low-risk category (n = 149, 38.0%). Few people were in the intermediate-risk category (n = 19, 4.8%). Hearing loss and dizziness were significantly associated with falls incidence, whereas vision and balance were not. Hearing loss, balance and dizziness were significantly associated with risk grouping, whereas vision was not.

Conclusions

Most older adults included in the analysis fell into the low- or high-risk categories, with a minority in the intermediate-risk category. This suggests that the inclusion criteria for the intermediate category could be altered for greater sensitivity. While impaired balance and vision were the most common impairments, hearing status, balance and dizziness were associated with risk group. These results, through a practical application of the world guidelines for falls to an acute clinical sample, raise the possibility of refining the falls risk stratification criteria, and highlight the capacity for additional sensory intervention to mitigate falls risk.
Examining concordance of sexual-related factors and PrEP eligibility with HIV risk perception among adolescent girls and young women: cross-sectional insights from DREAMS sites in Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia
Authors: Heck Craig J. , Reed Domonique M. , Okal Jerry , Chipeta Effie , Mbizvo Michael , Mathur Sanyukta
Published: October 2024

Background

HIV risk perception is an important cognition for prevention, theoretically engendering service-seeking and risk-reduction behaviors, but its composition remains poorly understood. We examined country-specific correlates of self-appraised HIV exposure risk among sexually active adolescent girls and young women (AGYW, aged 15–24 years) without HIV in Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia. We also explored overlaps between self-appraised HIV exposure risk and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) eligibility to identify engagement opportunities.

Methods

We analyzed cross-sectional data (2016/2017) to estimate sexual-related correlates of self-appraised HIV exposure risk (likely vs. not, temporally framed as “ever”) using log-Poisson models with robust standard errors. For sexual-related factors with an unadjusted p ≤ 0.10, individual adjusted models were fitted, controlling for sociodemographic and cognitive factors with an unadjusted p ≤ 0.10. PrEP eligibility was defined using national guidelines; since conditional criteria are in Malawi’s (age-disparate sex + ever-pregnant) and Zambia’s (multiple partners + condomless sex) guidelines, we also assessed PrEP eligibility after decoupling these factors.

Results

Few AGYW reported likely HIV exposures (Kenya [N = 746]: 15.7%, Malawi [N = 1348]: 46.2%, Zambia [N = 349]: 9.5%) despite ubiquitous HIV risk (98.7%, 99.8%, and 98.9% of Kenyan, Malawian, and Zambian AGYW reported ≥ 1 sexual-related factor). However, the adjusted models found some actual-perceived risk concordance. Positive correlates of self-appraised likely HIV exposures included partner(s)’ likely HIV exposure (all countries); partner(s)’ unknown HIV status and other partners (Kenya, Malawi); STI symptoms and partner(s) living outside the community (Kenya); non-partner sexual violence (Zambia); and transactional sex, multiple partners, pre-coital alcohol use, and physical/sexual intimate partner violence (Malawi). Per national guidelines, PrEP eligibility criteria differentially identified HIV risk (Kenya: 93.6%, Malawi: 53.3%, Zambia: 44.6%), and self-appraised likely HIV exposures were low among PrEP-eligible AGYW (Kenya: 16.5%, Malawi: 48.5%, Zambia: 18.8%). Decoupling Malawi’s and Zambia’s conditional PrEP criteria could increase risk identification to > 85% and potential engagement by ~ 70% and ~ 30%, respectively.

Conclusions

AGYW's HIV risk perceptions were mostly influenced by factors beyond their locus of control. Conditional PrEP eligibility criteria may inhibit AGYW’s access and uptake in some settings: countries should consider decoupling these factors to minimize barriers. Intersections between autonomy, behaviors, and perceptions among AGYW in gender-inequitable settings warrants further investigation.
Implementing national care guidelines in local authorities in England and Wales: a theory-of-change
Authors: Bauer Annette , Boaz Annette , Breuer Erica , Hoomans Ties , Jasim Sarah , Knapp Martin , Camus Joaquín Mayorga , Malley Juliette
Published: October 2024

Background

The delivery of high-quality services in chronically underfunded social or long-term care systems is a major challenge internationally. National guidelines, developed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, set out how local authorities in England and Wales should fund and provide care based on best available evidence. Theoretical and participatory approaches can usefully inform the design and evaluation of implementation strategies for guidelines. The aim of the study is to develop a Theory-of-Change for how the implementation of these guidelines is expected to lead to impacts from a local authority perspective.

Methods

As part of a comparative case study (The ‘Valuing Care Guidelines’ study; February 2022 to April 2024) with three local authority sites in England and Wales, we involved altogether 17 participants in two Theory-of-Change online workshops per site, each of 2 hours. Additional data gathered from the same participants as part of the overall study were used to conceptualise and enrich information from the workshops.

Results

Participants described the Theory-of-Change map as follows: A wide range of activities (categorised in stages of ‘pre-implementation’, ‘implementation’, ‘sustainment and scaling’) and skills were required to implement guidelines, and achieve long-term organisational sustainability and service delivery outcomes, leading to final impacts for service users and carers. Participants described a co-creation implementation model, led by ‘Implementation Support Practitioners’, who utilised relational skills to achieve motivation, trust, and confidence at different organisational levels, addressing contextual barriers such as inadequate staffing, lack of resources and of organisational support systems. Consistent use of guidelines by frontline staff could only be achieved if the value of guideline implementation was promoted widely, and if consideration was given to the roles of stakeholders, such as the inspection body, local health care providers, users and carers.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to investigate the implementation of national social care guidelines by local authorities in England and Wales. It generates insights that can guide implementation practice as well as inform the evaluation of future implementation strategies.
International Delphi consensus on the management of percutaneous choleystostomy in acute cholecystitis (E-AHPBA, ANS, WSES societies)
Authors: Ramia José M. , Serradilla-Martín Mario , Villodre Celia , Rubio Juan J. , Rotellar Fernando , Siriwardena Ajith K. , Wakabayashi Go , Catena Fausto ,   PERCHODEL Collaborative Study Group, Abe Tomoyuki , Abe Yuta , Abu-Zidan Fikri , López Cándido F. Alcázar , Amemiya Ryusuke , Andersson Bodil , Ansaloni Luca , Balakrishnan Anita , Balogh Zsolt J. , Carbonell-Morote Silvia , Coker Ahmet , Damaskos Dimitrios , De Simone Belinda , Devar Jonh , Frigerio Isabella , Fujita Yusuke , Hayatsu Sigheo , Hori Shutaro , Ibuki Sho , Kameyama Noriaki , Kawano Youichi , Kirkpatrick Andrew , Kleeff Jorg , Kluger Yoram , Latifi Rifat , Lopez-Ben Santiago , Malleo Giuseppe , Masuda Yuki , Minagawa Takuya , Mishima Kohei , Miyata Ryohei , Moore Ernest , Nishiyama Ryo , Ome Yusuke , Saito Junichi , Serrablo Alejandro , Shito Masaya , Soreide Kjetil , Strobel Oliver , Sugrue Michael , Suzuki Keiichi , Takigawa Yutaka , Tomikawa Moriaki , Urakami Hidejiro , Vallicelli Carlo , Wakawayashi Taiga , Weber Dieter
Published: October 2024

Background

There has been a progressive increase in the use of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) in acute cholecystitis (AC) over the last decades due to population aging, and the support of guidelines (Tokyo Guidelines (TG), World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) Guidelines) as a valid therapeutical option. However, there are many unanswered questions about the management of PCs. An international consensus on indications and PC management using Delphi methodology with contributions from experts from three surgical societies (EAHPBA, ANS, WSES) have been performed.

Methods

A two-round Delphi consensus, which included 27 questions, was sent to key opinion leaders in AC. Participants were asked to indicate their ‘agreement/disagreement’ using a 5-point Likert scale. Survey items with less than 70% consensus were excluded from the second round. For inclusion in the final recommendations, each survey item had to have reached a group consensus (≥ 70% agreement) by the end of the two survey rounds.

Results

54 completed both rounds (82% of invitees). Six questions got > 70% and are included in consensus recommendations: In patients with acute cholecystitis, when there is a clear indication of PC, it is not necessary to wait 48 h to be carried out; Surgery is the first therapeutic option for the TG grade II acute cholecystitis in a patient suitable for surgery; Before PC removal a cholangiography should be done; There is no indication for PC in Tokyo Guidelines (TG) grade I patients; Transhepatic approach is the route of choice for PC; and after PC, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred approach (93.1%).

Conclusions

Only six statements about PC management after AC got an international consensus. An international guideline about the management of PCs are necessary.
Biological mechanisms of resilience to tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Svenningsson Anna L. , Bocancea Diana I. , Stomrud Erik , van Loenhoud Anita , Barkhof Frederik , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Palmqvist Sebastian , Hansson Oskar , Ossenkoppele Rik
Published: October 2024

Background

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the associations between tau pathology and brain atrophy and cognitive decline are well established, but imperfect. We investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of biological processes (vascular, synaptic, and axonal integrity, neuroinflammation, neurotrophic factors) explain the disconnection between tau pathology and brain atrophy (brain resilience), and tau pathology and cognitive decline (cognitive resilience).

Methods

We included 428 amyloid positive participants (134 cognitively unimpaired (CU), 128 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 166 with AD dementia) from the BioFINDER-2 study. At baseline, participants underwent tau positron emission tomography (tau-PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cognitive testing, and lumbar puncture. Longitudinal data were available for MRI (mean (standard deviation) follow-up 26.4 (10.7) months) and cognition (25.2 (11.4) months). We analysed 18 pre-selected CSF proteins, reflecting vascular, synaptic, and axonal integrity, neuroinflammation, and neurotrophic factors. Stratifying by cognitive status, we performed linear mixed-effects models with cortical thickness (brain resilience) and global cognition (cognitive resilience) as dependent variables to assess whether the CSF biomarkers interacted with tau-PET levels in its effect on cortical atrophy and cognitive decline.

Results

Regarding brain resilience, interaction effects were observed in AD dementia, with vascular integrity biomarkers (VEGF-A (βinteraction = -0.009, pFDR = 0.047) and VEGF-B (βinteraction = -0.010, pFDR = 0.037)) negatively moderating the association between tau-PET signal and atrophy. In MCI, higher NfL levels were associated with more longitudinal cortical atrophy (β = -0.109, pFDR = 0.033) and lower baseline cortical thickness (β = -0.708, pFDR = 0.033) controlling for tau-PET signal. Cognitive resilience analyses in CU revealed interactions with tau-PET signal for inflammatory (GFAP, IL-15; βinteraction -0.073–-0.069, pFDR 0.001–0.045), vascular (VEGF-A, VEGF-D, PGF; βinteraction -0.099–-0.063, pFDR < 0.001–0.046), synaptic (14–3-3ζ/δ; βinteraction = -0.092, pFDR = 0.041), axonal (NfL; βinteraction = -0.079, pFDR < 0.001), and neurotrophic (NGF; βinteraction = 0.091, pFDR < 0.001) biomarkers. In MCI higher NfL levels (βmain = -0.690, pFDR = 0.025) were associated with faster cognitive decline independent of tau-PET signal.

Conclusions

Biomarkers of co-existing pathological processes, in particular vascular pathology and axonal degeneration, interact with levels of tau pathology on its association with the downstream effects of AD pathology (i.e. brain atrophy and cognitive decline). This indicates that vascular pathology and axonal degeneration could impact brain and cognitive resilience.
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic avenues
Authors: Nie Zhenwang , Xiao Congshu , Wang Yingzi , Li Rongkuan , Zhao Fangcheng
Published: October 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of liver conditions characterized by fat accumulation without excessive alcohol consumption, represents a significant global health burden. The intricate molecular landscape underlying NAFLD pathogenesis involves lipid handling, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress emerging as a key contributor. ER stress triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), impacting hepatic steatosis in NAFLD and contributing to inflammation, fibrosis, and progression to NASH and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Heat shock proteins (HSPs), including small HSPs such as HSP20 and HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, GRP78, and HSP90, are integral to cellular stress responses. They aid in protein folding, prevent aggregation, and facilitate degradation, thus mitigating cellular damage under stress conditions. In NAFLD, aberrant HSP expression and function contribute to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the specific roles of HSP subtypes in NAFLD offers insights into potential therapeutic interventions. This review discusses the involvement of HSPs in NAFLD pathophysiology and highlights their therapeutic potential. By elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying HSP-mediated protection in NAFLD, this article aims to pave the way for the development of targeted therapies for this prevalent liver disorder.
Review of the current ongoing clinical trials exploring the possible anti-anxiety effects of cannabidiol
Authors: Bhuller Rhenu , Schlage Walter K. , Hoeng Julia
Published: October 2024

Background

Anxiety disorders (ADs) are a complex group of mental disorders and majorly contribute to the global health-related burden. Symptoms and clinical management differ widely depending on the specific diagnosis. There is a need for new, more effective pharmacological treatments for these patients as many patients do not respond to treatment and treatment is not available for several types of AD. The increased interest in the potential effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on symptoms of AD has led to several preclinical and clinical studies that suggest that CBD may be effective in some patients with AD. However, it remains unclear whether and how CBD can be used in the clinical management of ADs due to a lack of sufficiently robust clinical evidence.

Comparative evaluation

This narrative review provides a critical analysis of the current state of the art for ADs and summarizes six recently completed and 22 currently ongoing clinical trials investigating the effects of CBD on ADs or anxiety. The aim was to examine whether the ongoing trials are likely to provide the necessary solid evidence, or whether new studies with more robust design parameters can help to overcome the prevailing lack of solid clinical data for this CBD indication. Most of the trials reviewed are considered exploratory and do not focus on specific types of clinical anxiety or ADs as the primary condition studied. Participant numbers, CBD dose, treatment duration, and CBD formulation vary widely among the studies, and all but two are single-center studies.

Conclusion

For an effective clinical management of ADs using CBD, there is a need for sufficiently powered and appropriately designed clinical trials (RCT, multicenter, defined doses and exposure monitoring, robust primary outcomes) investigating the effect of CBD in specific ADs, such as social anxiety disorder and panic disorder, or in post-traumatic stress disorder.
Screening and identification of key biomarkers associated with endometriosis using bioinformatics and next-generation sequencing data analysis
Authors: Vastrad Basavaraj , Vastrad Chanabasayya
Published: October 2024

Background

Endometriosis is a common cause of endometrial-type mucosa outside the uterine cavity with symptoms such as painful periods, chronic pelvic pain, pain with intercourse and infertility. However, the early diagnosis of endometriosis is still restricted. The purpose of this investigation is to identify and validate the key biomarkers of endometriosis.

Methods

Next-generation sequencing dataset GSE243039 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between endometriosis and normal control samples were identified. After screening of DEGs, gene ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Furthermore, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and modules were analyzed using the Human Integrated Protein–Protein Interaction rEference database and Cytoscape software, and hub genes were identified. Subsequently, a network between miRNAs and hub genes, and network between TFs and hub genes were constructed using the miRNet and NetworkAnalyst tool, and possible key miRNAs and TFs were predicted. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to validate the hub genes.

Results

A total of 958 DEGs, including 479 upregulated genes and 479 downregulated genes, were screened between endometriosis and normal control samples. GO and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses of the 958 DEGs showed that they were mainly involved in multicellular organismal process, developmental process, signaling by GPCR and muscle contraction. Further analysis of the PPI network and modules identified 10 hub genes, including vcam1, snca, prkcb, adrb2, foxq1, mdfi, actbl2, prkd1, dapk1 and actc1. Possible target miRNAs, including hsa-mir-3143 and hsa-mir-2110, and target TFs, including tcf3 (transcription factor 3) and clock (clock circadian regulator), were predicted by constructing a miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network.

Conclusions

This investigation used bioinformatics techniques to explore the potential and novel biomarkers. These biomarkers might provide new ideas and methods for the early diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of endometriosis.
THE HIERARCHY OF VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF STUDENTS
Authors: Pavlova Ksenia N.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the hierarchy of value orientations of students. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in the modern world, the value orientations of young people are undergoing changes. The transformation of values, one way or another, can be influenced by political, economic events and internal processes. It is known that young people are the most sensitive to all changes. Therefore, it is important to consider the value orientations of student youth, since this category of people is the main engine of progress in our society.
Purpose. To consider the hierarchy of value orientations of students.
Research methods.  The value questionnaire of Sh. Schwartz, R. Inglehart's method (modified by M.S. Yanitsky).
As a result of the research, the hierarchy of value orientations of students is analyzed at the level of normative ideals and individual priorities, as well as by value types (adaptation, socialization, individualization).
PSYCHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT FOR GIFTED CHILDREN IN MUSIC LEARNING
Authors: Abrosimova Elena B. , Makarova Elena A. , Makarova Elena L.
Published: October 2024

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to understand how music teachers perceive and diagnose gifted children in teaching music, what are the psychological and pedagogical features of teaching music in groups of children with different creative potential, and what psychological and pedagogical support is needed for students. To promote creativity in the music classroom, teachers need to acquire knowledge about creativity as a concept in general and in the music field in order to create situations in which students can build creative abilities and gradually develop their creativity. Creative potential in the process of teaching music should be formed taking into account children’s psychological and pedagogical characteristics in the group at different levels of its formation. Psychological diagnostics involves the selection of tools and technologies that activate the formation and development of emotional intelligence in groups of children with different creative potential in the process of teaching music. Forming the level of students’ giftedness is proposed as a new dimension of creative pedagogical knowledge for teaching music. And psychological and pedagogical support for students is an important element in the development of emotional intelligence in groups of children with different creative potential in the process of teaching music.
Methodology. The basis of the research is formed by subject-activity and humanistic approaches with the implementation of psychodiagnostic and theoretical methods (analysis, comparison, generalization), methods of structural data analysis.
Results. The results of the study make it possible to diagnose the level of emotional intelligence in groups of children with different creative potential in the process of teaching music, and teachers’ recommendations allow to improve the training program, taking into account psychological and pedagogical support to increase the effectiveness of this process.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the field of general and professional education for diagnosing children with different creative potential, the creation and development of emotional intelligence, psychological and pedagogical support and psychological counseling.
THE ATTITUDE TO HUMOR AS A PEDAGOGICAL TOOL IN THE PERIOD OF ANTIQUITY
Authors: Dokuchaev Vladislav A. , Derenchuk Olga V.
Published: October 2024

Purpose. To consider the process of formation of the pedagogical foundations of humor in the philosophical thought of Ancient times of the VIII century BC – V century AD.
Methods. In the course of the study, the methods of historical and pedagogical research were used: retrospective, historical-structural, historiographical, historical-genetic, comparative, comparative, historical periodization method, which together allowed for a systematic analysis of the transformation of changes in attitude to humor from a phenomenon of the surrounding reality to an element of the educational process.
Results. The process of formation of philosophical thought in relation to humor as a means of educational influence is summarized by demonstrating the development of the literature of Antiquity. The main literary genres containing elements of comedy and bearing an educational component are listed. The main concepts of the perception of humor (Aristophanes, Plato, Aristotle, Demetrius, Cicero) formed during this period are considered. A look at the Socratic dialogue system is given as one of the first humorous techniques in pedagogy.
Practical implications. The obtained results can be applied in the creation of a unified overview of historical and pedagogical work devoted to the formation and development of humor as a special means of influence in pedagogy, as well as in solving applied didactic tasks in secondary and higher schools. The research materials can form the basis of lectures and seminars on the discipline «History of pedagogy and education» for students of pedagogical specialties and higher educational institutions.
DESCRIPTION OF EDUCATIONAL RESULTS OF TRAINING FUTURE PHYSICS TEACHERS TO RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Authors: Perevoshikova Elena N.
Published: October 2024

The article updated the problem of the formation of design and research skills in the process of university training of a physics teacher, due to the requirements for creating an end-to-end trajectory for the formation of research competencies. The subject of analysis is design and research skills that determine the educational results of preparing future teachers for research activities.
The purpose of the study is to determine the content of the educational results of preparing future physics teachers for research activities and to develop a form for representing the end-to-end trajectory of the formation of design and research skills.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was systemic, activity, competence and interdisciplinary approaches. Methods used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, concretization, classification.
Results. Dedicated groups of educational results of training future teachers for research activities are presented in the form of design and research skills that underlie research activities. The basis for the allocation of groups was: the methodology of scientific research; technological basis of research activities; educational product design; checking its implementation in practice; professionally significant personal qualities of the teacher.
Practical implications. The proposed form of presentation of the end-to-end trajectory of the formation of project and research skills in the form of a training module allows the selection of educational disciplines, special courses, including practices in the process of preparing the future teacher for research activities.
STUDY OF THE VALUE SPHERE OF OVERWEIGHT WOMEN
Authors: Tokareva Yulia A. , Tolmacheva Vera I.
Published: October 2024

Background. According to statistics, the number of obese people is growing rapidly. Attitude to one's own weight, as well as a negative assessment of appearance by others, can negatively affect self-esteem, lead to psychological and emotional problems. Values are a fundamental component of personality. They will include concepts and beliefs that transcend specific situations and guide the choice or assessment of behavior or events (Schwartz S. H.). Taboos and stigma associated with excess weight can greatly affect the quality of life of women, limiting their social contacts, career opportunities and individual self-expression (Zenkov A. S.; Polskaya N.A., Yakubovskaya D.K.; Sayamov Yu.N.; Brewis A.; Dressler W. W.). The analysis of the value sphere will help to identify social, cultural beliefs and attitudes related to overweight in women.
The purpose of our study was to determine the characteristics of the value sphere of overweight women. The sample consisted of two groups of 15 people. The first group included overweight women who turned to a psychologist or nutritionist with this problem. The second group includes women with a standard weight. Three diagnostic methods were used to study the features of the value sphere «The level of value and accessibility in various spheres of life» (E. B. Fantalova); «Portrait value questionnaire» (Sh. Schwartz); «Morphological test of life values» (V.F. Sopov L.V. Karpushina.
The results of the study (without taking into account statistical processing data) showed that the value sphere of overweight women is characterized by a lower value-accessibility discrepancy index; higher values of stimulation, interpersonal conformity and universalism (in relation to other people and the environment); the importance of the value of spiritual satisfaction and the life sphere of hobbies is more developed.
A WAY TO COMPENSATE PHD STUDENTS' INSUFFICIENT EFL PROFICIENCY: FLIPPED CLASSROOM APPROACH
Authors: Martynova Irina A.
Published: October 2024

Background. The shift in standards in Russian education has led to certain changes on the tertiary level of higher education. Most notably the consequences have concerned the aspect of teaching a foreign language to postgraduate students. In particular Samara State University of Economics now does not have language entrance exams anymore and foreign language class time has been rather limited. Nonetheless the level of final exam requirements is yet quite high. The article is relevant due to the need to find a possible remedy to overcome a problem of a fairly low level of previous language training among a certain category of postgraduate students.
Purpose. The research purpose was to determine the effectiveness of a flipped classroom strategy as a way to compensate insufficient level of English mastering among the students of postgraduate courses.
Materials and methods. Flipped classroom acts as a well-proven approach that could solve the problem. The results of summative assessment are presented in this paper. The methodology adopted in this study is based on the needs analysis, mathematical statistics and content inspection of students' interviews. The range of students, whose needs to improve their language level were determined at the first stage of the experiment then took part took part in a flipped classroom project. At the final stage of the experiment the students were examined for their language performance.
Results. The results of the experiment prove the effectiveness of the proposed format for teaching a foreign language for postgraduate students in a non-linguistic university as it increases the efficiency of mastering the skills for the successful exam pass. This study suggests that flipped classroom approach could be an effective remedy to overcome the challenges that teachers and students at postgraduate level are facing today.
Practice examples: SEND Academy improves outcomes
Authors: Weinstein Nicole
Published: October 2024

Hertfordshire County Council gains success by training SEND co-ordinators with lived experience