bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Driving Diverse Representation of Diverse Classes
Authors: del Riego Alissa`
Published: February 2023

Why have federal courts overwhelmingly appointed white men to represent diverse consumer classes? Rule 23(g) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure requires courts to appoint the attorneys “best able to represent the interests of class members” to serve as class counsel. But courts’ recurrent conclusion that white men best fit the federally mandated job description not only gives the appearance of discrimination, but harms class members that suffer from outcomes plagued by groupthink and cognitive biases. This Article sets out to uncover why white male repeat players continue to dominate class counsel appointments and proposes a practical and immediately implementable solution for the judiciary to improve class counsel diversity.

The Article examines all class action auto defect multidistrict litigation suits. By focusing on this subset of cases that span across five decades, it observes potential tendencies of certain courts (i.e., white, Republican-appointed, and female courts) to appoint white men and identifies different processes and criteria courts have implemented and considered that have resulted in the appointment of more female and minority attorneys. The Article finds, however, that the gender and racial gaps remain stark, largely because courts understandably place an almost dispositive value on attorneys’ prior experience serving as class counsel, a role white men have traditionally monopolized. It proposes a way to resolve this Catch-22 problem—a two-tier joint appointment structure that collectively evaluates the experience and diversity of counsel and removes the insurmountable entry barriers to the plaintiffs’ counsel class action bar.
Liability for Toxic Workplace Cultures
Authors: Florczak Dana
Published: February 2023

Title VII is meant to protect employees from discrimination and has historically been a crucial tool for creating social change in the workplace. But when considering modern-day workplace discrimination wrought by “toxic workplace cultures” defined herein, Title VII’s frameworks for confronting systemic discrimination prove outdated and ineffective. This Note proposes the codification of a new theory of discrimination under Title VII targeting toxic workplace cultures, with substantive and procedural elements working in tandem to better enable plaintiffs to collectively bring actions to hold employers accountable for fostering discriminatory environments. Part I defines toxic workplace cultures and walks through case studies of such cultures in action. Part II explains the existing frameworks of Title VII and why they do not provide recourse for victims of toxic workplace cultures. Part III proposes a solution through codifying a new cause of action for toxic workplace cultures under the statute and offers a brief case study highlighting a potential outcome were this proposal to be implemented.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar IPS Melalui Media Powerpoint Interaktif
Authors: Susilowati Wuri , Harsan Toni , Hadiprasetyo Krisdianto
Published: February 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir kritis dan hasil belajar IPS melalui media powerpoint interaktif pada siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 Jetiswetan Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu menggunakan observasi, tes, dokumentasi, dan angket. Validasi data menggunakan triangulasi metode dan triangulasi antar peneliti. Teknik analisis data yaitu menggunakan teknik kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan pada tiap siklusnya. Ketuntasan kemampuan berfikir kritis pada pra siklus sebanyak 6 siswa atau 54,5% meningkat pada siklus I menjadi sebanyak 7 siswa atau 63,7%; kemudian meningkat lagi pada siklus II menjadi 10 siswa atau 90,9% dengan kategori baik/amat baik. Hasil belajar IPS siswa pra siklus mengalami ketuntasan sebanyak 5 siswa atau 45,5% kemudian mengalami kenaikan pada siklus I yakni 7 siswa atau 63,7%; dan meningkat lagi pada siklus II menjadi sebanyak 10 siswa atau 90,9%. Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) muatan IPS yang ditetapkan lembaga sebesar 70. Penelitian berhasil karena indikator kinerja sudah tercapai. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media powerpoint interaktif dapat meningkatkan kamampuan berfikir kritis dan hasil belajar IPS pada siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 Jetiswetan Kecamatan Pedan Kabupaten Klaten tahun pelajaran  2020/2021.
Peningkatan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Melalui Penerarapan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning
Authors: Prasetya Septya Ardhi , Harsan Toni , Hadiprasetyo Krisdiyanto
Published: February 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Meningkatan keaktifan melalui penerarapan model pembelajaran discovery learning pada siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 01 kebak, Kecamatan, Kebakkramat, Kabupaten Karanganyar tahun pelajaran 2020/2021; 2) Meningkatan hasil belajar melalui penerarapan model pembelajaran discovery learning pada siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 01 Kebak,. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), penelitian dilaksanakan dua siklus, dengan setiap siklus terdiri dari: perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri 01 Kebak tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 berjumlah 10 siswa. Keaktifan belajar siswa pada siklus I siswa yang masuk ke dalam katagori aktif terdapat 4 siswa atau 40 %. Pada siklus II siswa mempunyai keaktifan tinggi meningkat menjadi 8 siswa atau 80 %. Hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan terbukti dengan jumlah siswa yang mendapat nilai di atas Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal. Pada akhir siklus I, siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar sebanyak 7 siswa atau 70% sedangkan pada akhir siklus II, siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar naik menjadi 9 siswa atau 90 %. Siswa dikatakan tuntas bila mencapai nilai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal ≥ 75, dan secara klasikal disebut tuntas belajar bila dikelas tersebut terdapat 80 % siswa yang telah mencapai KKM.
Upaya Meningkatkan Motivasi Dan Hasil Belajar Dengan Penerapan Media Slide Powerpoin
Authors: Prihantono Hafid Hari , Purbosari Paramitta , Sularmi
Published: February 2023

Penelitiam ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa dengan penerapan media slide powerpoin pada muatan pelajaran IPA kelas IV. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif, dimana dalam mengumpulkan informasi data dengan observasi, tes, dokumentasi, wawancara, dan angket. Validitas data menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metode. Teknik analisis data kualitatif menggunakan model interaktif yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Sedangkan data kuantitatif dianalisis secara deskripif. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut:  motivasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari Pra siklus ke siklus 1 sebesar 22,83 % dan siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 11,35%, yaitu dari 57,08 % pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 68,43 % pada siklus II, dan berada pada kategori tinggi. Pada data hasil evaluasi belajar siswa menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II yang terlihat dari meningkatnya ketuntasan kelas, yaitu dari 40% atau 4 siswa meningkat menjadi 90% atau 9 siswa. Walaupun masih terdapat 10% atau 1 siswa yang mendapat nilai di bawah KKM, tetapi 90 % atau 9 siswa di kelas IV ini telah mendapat nilai di atas KKM dengan kategori baik dan sangat baik.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Literasi dan Hasil Belajar IPA Melalui Model Problem Based Learning
Authors: Mahmudah Salasatun , Widayati Mukti , Purbosari Para Mitta
Published: February 2023

Pandemi Covid-19 membuat sekolah mengadakan pembelajaran daring untuk mencegah penularan virus. Guru harus kreatif dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran, meskipun tidak bertatap muka. Kemampuan literasi siswa kurang berkembang yang berdampak pada hasil belajar. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi dan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SDN 4 Kedawung Kecamatan Pejagoan Kabupaten Kebumen. Teknik pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, angket, tes, dan dokumentasi. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 15 siswa dan dengan 2 siklus penelitian. Pada teknik analisis data melalui beberapa tahap yaitu tahap reduksi, pemaparan data, dan penyimpulan. Pada kegiatan pra siklus kemampuan literasi siswa yang sudah sesuai sebanyak 46,6% atau 7 siswa, dan hasil belajar yang mendapatkan nilai tuntas sebanyak 33% atau 5 siswa. Selanjutnya, pada kegiatan siklus I sudah menerapkan model pembelajaran problem based learning hasilnya pada kemampuan literasi siswa yang sudah sesuai sebanyak 66,6% atau 10 siswa, dan hasil belajar yang mendapatkan nilai tuntas sebanyak 60% atau 9 siswa. Pada siklus II, kemampuan literasi siswa yang sudah sesuai sebanyak 86,8% atau 13 siswa, dan hasil belajar yang mendapatkan nilai tuntas sebanyak 87% atau 13 siswa. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan literasi dan hasil belajar siswa sudah meningkat serta sudah mencapai target yaitu 80% pada masing-masing variabel.
Pengaruh penambahan kuning telur dalam susu skim disimpan pada suhu 5 derajat Celcius selama 1 jam terhadap motilitas dan fertilitas spermatozoa ayam kampung
Authors: Jatra Miftah Laili Dwi , Saleh Dadang Mulyadi , Mugiyono Sigit
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan persentase terbaik penambahan kuning telur ayam niaga petelur pada pengencer susu skim terhadap motilitas dan fertilitas semen ayam kampung. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dan materi penelitian terdiri dari semen segar yang berasal dari 10 ekor ayam kampung jantan untuk uji motilitas dan inseminasi buatan, ayam niaga petelur Isa Brown sebanyak 40 ekor, telur hasil inseminasi buatan di koleksi selama 9 hari untuk uji fertilitas. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan terdapat 5 ulangan dalam setiap perlakuan dengan masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari 2 ekor ayam niaga petelur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan persentase kuning telur berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap motilitas dan fertilitas. Hasil uji lanjut orthogonal polynomial menginformasikan bahwa pengaruh penambahan kuning telur ayam niaga petelur dalam pengencer susu skim yang disimpan pada suhu 5?C selama 1 jam memberi respon garis linear Y = 0,3 X + 79,1 dengan nilai R2 sebesar 70,75%.Kata Kunci: Ayam Kampung, Kuning Telur, Susu Skim, Motilitas, Fertilitas
Sintesis poliol sebagai senyawa intermediate pada pembuatan biolubricant dari minyak kelapa sawit
Authors: Prianto Juni , Said Muhammad , Faizal Muhammad , Hartawan R. Arie , Juwita Miratna , Rosdiana Fitri
Published: February 2023

Sintesis senyawa poliol sebagai bahan intermediate pada pembuatan pelumas dari minyak kelapa sawit (CPO) telah dilakukan untuk mensubstitusi pelumas dari minyak bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu, waktu reaksi dan katalis terhadap konversi senyawa poliol yang dihasilkan dengan variabel suhu 45, 50, 55, dan 60 °C dan waktu reaksi 30, 60, 90, 120 menit serta katalis bentonit 1 %. Senyawa poliol mengandung lebih dari satu gugus hidroksil yang terbentuk dari reaksi hidroksilasi senyawa epoksi CPO dan alkohol (metanol). Senyawa epoksida CPO diperoleh dari hasil reaksi epoksidasi antara asam peroksida dengan senyawa asam asetat dengan CPO. Kualitas senyawa poliol ditentukan dari analisis densitas, bilangan asam, indeks viskositas, bilangan hidroksil, dan bilangan oksiran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konversi senyawa poliol tertinggi adalah 51,985 % pada 55 °C selama 120 menit. Konstanta kinetika reaksi hidroksilasi pada 55 °C adalah 0,197 mol/L menit. Senyawa poliol dari hasil sintesis dari minyak kelapa sawit telah berhasil diproduksi dan memenuhi standar SNI untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku produksi biolubricant.
Degradasi remazol yellow FG dengan katalis oksida besi/karbon aktif dengan metode fotokatalis
Authors: Rahayu Aster , Juliantri Lindi , Amalia Rahma Yunita
Published: February 2023

Di Indonesia, industri tekstil dan produk tekstil adalah salah satu penyumbang terbesar dalam peningkatan perekonomian. Namun perkembangan industri yang pesat ini berbanding terbalik dengan keseimbangan lingkungan hidup. Salah satu yang menjadi masalah utama dari limbah cair yang dihasilkan industri tekstil yaitu berupa zat warna. Umumnya limbah cair yang dibuang industri tekstil termasuk senyawa organik yang tidak dapat diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme dengan cepat sehingga dapat menyebabkan polutan bagi lingkungan terutama ekosistem perairan. Beberapa metode yang dapat dilakukan untuk meminimalisir kandungan zat warna dalam limbah industri tekstil antara lain metode biologi, koagulasi, elektrokoagulasi, adsorpsi, ozonisasi, klorinasi. Namun, dari beberapa metode tersebut kurang efektif dalam mengatasi limbah zat warna tekstil bahkan seringkali menimbulkan persoalan baru bagi lingkungan. Salah satu metode pengolahan yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan untuk mendegradasi warna pada limbah cair yakni metode fotokatalis lampu UV-sinar matahari. Metode fotokatalis lampu UV-sinar matahari ini menggunakan oksidasi besi/karbon aktif sebagai katalis. Pengolahan sample warna dilakukan dengan memvariasikan waktu penyinaran, konsentrasi katalis dan memvariasikan jenis sinar yang di aplikasikan ke larutan sampel 200 ml dengan penambahan katalis sebesar 0,1 gram terhadap waktu penyinaran selama 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, dan 5 jam penyinaran lampu UV dan sinar matahari sehingga didapat persentase penurunan absorbansi  tertinggi pada konsentrasi katalis 4% FE dalam katalis karbon aktif dan lama penyinaran matahari selama 5 jam dengan penurunan sebesar 97,06% pada sampel limbah tenun.
TRASH BOT MONITORING SYSTEM
Authors: Sanchana.R  , Josephine Ruth Fenitha  , Nithya Devi.S  , Mercy.P  , Bhavani Sree.SK  , Swetha.S
Published: February 2023

We are living in an age where tasks and systems are fusing together with the power of IoT to have a more efficient system of working and to execute jobs quickly. In the recent decades, Urbanization has increased tremendously. At the same phase there is an increase in waste production. Waste management has been a crucial issue to be considered. This paper is a way to achieve this good cause, due to negligence of authorities and carelessness of the public may lead to long term problems. Breeding of insects and mosquitoes can create nuisance around promoting an unclean environment. This may even cause dreadful diseases. The main objective of the project Trash Bot will keep the environment clean and also eco friendly. If the dustbin is not maintained then these can cause an unhealthy environment and can cause pollution that affects our health. Since the technologies are getting smarter day by day to clean the environment, we are designing a smart dustbin by using Arduino Opens and closes its lid if it sees any trash in front of it and the lid of the can will open automatically and will wait for you to feed it more than after a certain delay it will automatically close. This will help toward health and hygiene. In this project we have designed a smart dustbin using ARDUINO UNO, along with an ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and battery jumper wire. After all hardware and software connection, now Smart Dustbin program will be run. Dustbin lid will open automatically when someone comes near. Then will wait for the user to put garbage and close it. The main advantage in terms of society is that it will help toward health and hygiene.
ANALISIS SWOT UNTUK PEMASARAN DI TOKO BANGUNAN “BIMA JAYA”
Authors: Cahyo Bayu Dwi , Sari Maheni Ika , Hermawan Haris
Published: February 2023

Marketing strategy has an important role to achieve business success. In determining the appropriate marketing strategy for the company, analysis is needed to see market needs. This is done by analyzing the business environment, both internal and external, usually called a SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis is thorough on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This analysis is needed to determine several strategies that exist in the company. One of them is the Bima Jaya Bondowoso Building Shop. This study aims to determine the development of the right strategy based on SWOT analysis to be applied to the Bima Jaya Bondowoso Building Shop. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling by using snow ball sampling. From the results of this study that the results of the Internal and External Matrix have a Stability strategy to develop in the future the strategies that can be applied consist of defensive and offensive strategies, defending and product development. The SWOT matrix analysis is S-O where this strategy takes advantage of the company's strengths to seize opportunities that exist in the external environment. The result of the company's alternative strategy is to develop a marketing strategy that has not been done at the Bima Jaya store before and will be developed by the Bima Jaya store in the future.
PENGARUH FITUR, HARGA, DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK SMARTPHONE OPPO	(Studi Kasus di Mentari Cell Jember)
Authors: Fitriani Diana Novita , Fatimah Feti , Izzudin Ahmad
Published: February 2023

The Oppo brand smartphone is quite well-known in the Jember area because for teenagers this brand has an affordable price and the benefits of the features that are obtained are sufficient for their daily needs. The results of the initial observation that Oppo is one of the products with high sales. This study aims to determine and identify the effect of price, features and promotions on purchasing decisions. This type of research is quantitative research and data collection techniques using observation, interviews and questionnaires to 106 respondents with sampling techniques, using non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling approach. The analytical tools used in this study are validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis. The test results show that the price variable has no significant effect on product purchasing decisions at Mentari Cell Jember, feature variables have no significant effect on product purchasing decisions at Mentari Cell Jember and promotion variables have a significant effect on product purchasing decisions at Mentari Cell Jember. This proves that promotion can influence customer purchasing decisions, because with promotions the customer can determine the appropriate needs for himself.
BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF CASSIA FISTULA FLOWERS
Authors: Ferdosi M.F.H. , Khan I.H. , Javaid A
Published: February 2023

This study was carried out to identify the phytoconstituents in ethyl acetate fraction of flower extract of Indian laburnum (Cassia fistula L.) and to enlist their bioactivities as reported in the literature. For this purpose, dry flowers of the selected plant species were extracted in methanol and the ethyl acetate soluble compounds of this extract were separated using separating funnel technique. The isolated ethyl acetate fraction was analyzed by GC-MS that indicated the presence of 39 phytoconstituents. Among these, 2-butenal, 2-ethyl- (21.12%), decane (9.13%) and 1-decanol, 2-hexyl- (8.09%) were identified as principal constituents. Four compounds namely cyclohexanone, 2,3-dimethyl- (4.45%), benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl- (3.18%), phenol, 4-propyl- (3.24%), and heptadecane (3.89%) were ranked as moderately abundant. Less abundant compounds included mesitylene (2.81%), nonane, 4-methyl- (2.79%), nonane, 3-methyl- (2.74%), nonadecane (2.66%), naphthalene (2.13%), tetratetracontane (2.05%), trifluoroacetoxy hexadecane (2.01%), octane, 2,5-dimethyl- (1.88%), nonane, 2-methyl- (1.75%), octane, 2,6-dimethyl- (1.66%), decane, 2,5,6-trimethyl- (1.71%), hexacosane (1.61%), heptadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl- (1.38%), benzene, 1,2,3-trimethyl- (1.38%), benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro- (1.34%), benzene, nitro- (1.24%), 17-pentatriacontene (1.31%), hexadecane (1.29%), pentadecane (1.46%), 5-octadecene, (E)- (1.13%), tetradecane (1.03%), and oxalic acid, allyl hexadecyl ester (1.01%). The remaining 9 compounds were present as the least abundant compounds with peak areas ˂1%. Literature showed that among the identified compounds, some possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
Keywords: Flower extract, Cassia fistula, Ethyl acetate, GC-MS analysis, Phytochemical profile.
EVALUATION OF IMMUNOGENICITY AND DOSE DEPENDENT IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST COMMON BOVINE ORIGINATED MASTITOGENS IN RABBIT MODEL
Authors: Shah B.A. , Avais M , Khan J.A. , Rabbani M , Anjum A.A. , Ali M.A. , Awais M , Zaman S.H. , Mehmood S , Ashraf M , Ahmed S
Published: February 2023

This study evaluated the immunogenicity and dose-dependent immune response of toxinotypes of bovine origin viz Staphylococcus aureus (tst), Streptococcus uberis (Cpn-60 targeted STUB), and Escherichia coli (aggR) in a rabbit model – a step forward towards an effective polyvalent mastitis vaccine. To evaluate the primary and secondary immune response (immunogenicity) against the concentration of 106 cells/mL of each preparation containing subject vaccinal isolates, 24 rabbits were divided randomly into 4 equal groups viz A, B, C and D. Each antigenic preparation was inoculated to the rabbits of group A to C @ 0.2 mL SC while group D served as control (placebo) at day 0 as priming dose and a booster dose at day 7 respectively. The serum antibodies titers were recorded in terms of Optical Density (OD) values at day 0 (pre-inoculation), 7, 14, 21 and 28 (post-inoculation) by iELISA Mastitis Kit (Abbexa, UK). The antibody response was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the post-booster samples at day-14 and day-21 for all the selected isolates. The highest primary antibody response (1.74 ± 0.14) as well as secondary immune response (2.04 ± 0.13) was shown by Strept. uberis (Cpn-60 STUB) in group B on day-14 followed in order by group C and A respectively. Likewise, dose-dependent immune response to composite antigens of 3 different antigenic concentrations of vaccinal isolates: 108 cells/mL; 1010 cells/mL; 1012 cells/mL of each of vaccinal isolates in 18 adult rabbits divided randomly into 3 groups of 6 (A, B and C) respectively for dose standardization was evaluated. Serum samples were collected at weekly intervals following completion of 2nd shot of inocula of each dose for 3 consecutive weeks. The rabbits of group B injected with 1010 cells mL-1 of S. aureus (tst) showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) serum iELISA O.D value (2.97A, a ± 0.10) followed in order by E. coli (aggR) (2.84a ± 0.08) and Str. uberis (cpn60 STUB) (2.78a ± 0.07) at day-14 post-inoculation. This study revealed the concentration of 1010 cells/mL of each subject mastitogens as a standard bacterial load for polyvalent mastitis vaccines with higher and sustained antigenicity in rabbits.
Keywords: Toxinotypes, polyvalent vaccines, antibody titer, rabbits
SPATIOTEMPORAL BEHAVIOR AND NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORD OF SUBFAMILY HEMIACRIDINAE (ACRIDIDAE: ORTHOPTERA) FROM AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN
Authors: Sarwar Z.M. , Tamkeen A , Khan M.R. , Hussain Z , Asghar M.S. , Badar M.A.
Published: February 2023

Members of order Orthoptera are considered one of the most important groups of phytophagous insects. Indeed, many members of this group are considered serious pests of row and forage crops and often are in direct competition with vertebrate grazers. The present study was conducted to explore the species diversity, composition and spatiotemporal behavior of subfamily Hemiacridinae from different areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Specimens were collected with the help of ariel insect net. Six species of subfamily Hemiacridinae of two genera i.e. Parahieroglyphus and Hieroglyphus were described. Three species, H. banian, H. annulicornis, and P. bilineatus have a new distributional record from study area. In the case of spatiotemporal behavior, the maximum temporally population was observed in September from district Kotli. Hieroglyphus banian, H. nigrorepletus, and H. concolor were found abundantly in September while P. bilineatus and H. oryzivorus population were maximum in October from the study area. Overall, results suggest a potential of acridid grasshoppers to contribute to the native communities and provides information about the ecology and population dynamics of grasshoppers for future research to enhance the sustainable management of this major diverse pest.
Keywords: Spatiotemporal behavior, Hemiacridinae, Grasshopper, New record, Azad Jammu & Kashmir
Analysis of Calculations And Reporting of Annual Corporate Income Tax At PT. Interconterminal Indonesia Year 2020
Authors: Munandar Aris , Shapiulayevna Aliyeva Patimat , Romli Harsi
Published: February 2023

The calculation and reporting of the Annual Corporate Income Tax Return is a tax obligation that must be fulfilled by corporate taxpayers no later than the fourth month at the end of the tax period. This study aims to analyse whether the calculation and reporting of the Annual Corporate Income Tax Return that has been carried out by PT. Intercon Terminal Indonesia complies with Law Number 36 of 2008 concerning the Fourth Amendment to Law Number 7 of 1983 concerning Income Tax and Regulation of the Director General of Taxes Number PER-19/PJ/2014 concerning the Second Amendment to Regulation of the Director General of Taxes Number Per-34/Pj/2010 Concerning the Forms of Annual Income Tax Returns for Individual Taxpayers and Corporate Taxpayers Along with Instructions for Filling In. The results of the study conclude that in calculating and reporting the Annual Corporate Income Tax Return PT. Intercon Terminal Indonesia has not fully complied with the Income Tax Law and Director General of Tax Regulations. So that in 2020, the company should have recorded a loss of Rp. 3,308,457,027 and overpaid tax of Rp. 437,556,885.
Greece and Albania during the Second World War
Authors: Pacukaj Sokol
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this article is to present the relations between Greece and Albania in a very sensitive period as the Second World War. The nationalist sentiments have dominated both in Greek and in the Albanian and this have often resulted in armed conflict. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Albania found itself without a wing is its lands were highly sought by neighbors like Greeks and Serbs. Greece has already advanced its claims after the first Balkan wars and these claims were also the key in the conference of ambassadors in London which began in 1913 and ended in 1916. During the Second World War, Albania was the gateway to the Italian military which have invaded Greece. The events of the Second World War will be analyzed in this article with a qualitative methodology and mostly based in the study of archival documents and the literature review for the theoretical background.
“Sport creates value” Sport activities as part of a meaningful life?
Authors: Ronkainen Noora
Published: February 2023

Sport has often been viewed as a valuable part of our individual and collective lives because of its potential to bring physical and mental health benefits and to help build communities. In addition to providing a site for stress release and having a good time, sport can also be a context where people explore existential questions and what it means to live a ‘meaningful’ and ‘good’ life. In this presentation, I will discuss how people in contemporary societies engage with their life-construction and how involvement in sport and physical activity might contribute, for some, in answering deeper questions concerning how to live well. I draw on empirical studies and philosophical work to explore how different forms of sport provide opportunities for experiencing meaningfulness, and whether new forms of physical cultures reflect changing meanings by which people live their lives. Finally, I will question whether sport can bring ‘too much’ meaning to some people’s lives and whether we can be mistaken about the meaningfulness of our sporting activities.
Towards policies to eradicate ethnic discrimination in amateur sports
Authors: Gomez-Gonzalez Carlos
Published: February 2023

Field experiments in the last decade documented discrimination in several social domains: labour, housing, education, transportation, and sports. Previous research shows that when asking to join a training with an amateur soccer club, people with foreign-sounding names are significantly less likely to receive a positive response than those with native-sounding names. This result differs in magnitude but is traceable across 23 European countries, including Switzerland (Gomez-Gonzalez et al., 2021; Nesseler et al., 2019). The findings redirect attention from self-segregation to collective exclusion mechanisms when analyzing the ethnic participation gap in amateur sports. The negative implications are magnified as research identifies sport participation as key in promoting social integration among minority group members.

Experimental economics also show that field experiments can play a crucial role in developing effective policies to combat discrimination in the future decade. Previous research demonstrates the importance of intervention studies to test the effectiveness of the policies, as not all have the intended results. Dur et al. (2022) analyze the effectiveness of a low-cost intervention to reduce discrimination among amateur soccer clubs in Norway. A correspondence test is preceded by an anti-discrimination intervention in collaboration with the Norwegian Football Federation (NFF). The intervention is based on an information campaign sent via email to a random selection of amateur soccer clubs, which do not modify their behavior as expected.

The experimental design of an intervention makes it possible to estimate the causal effect of a low-cost policy against discrimination in the field. In this research, I design an intervention to reduce the ethnic response gap among amateur soccer clubs in Switzerland, where more than 1,000 amateur clubs would be subject to an intervention. I explore the features of the information campaign: message, sender, and channel, and potential collaborations with sports governing bodies to increase the impact of such policy.

References

Dur, R., Gomez-Gonzalez, C., & Nesseler, C. (2022). How to reduce discrimination? Evidence from a field experiment in amateur soccer. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 49(1), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2022.2071688

Gomez-Gonzalez, C., Nesseler, C., & Dietl, H. M. (2021). Mapping discrimination in Europe through a field experiment in amateur sport. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8, Article 95. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00773-2

Nesseler, C., Gomez-Gonzalez, C., & Dietl, H. (2019). What’s in a name? Measuring access to social activities with a field experiment. Palgrave Communications, 5, Article 160. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0372-0
Effects of combined interventions to optimize recovery during high-intensity exercises in trained individuals
Authors: Beltrami Fernando G. , Hanselmann Linus , Spengler Christina M.
Published: February 2023

Background

Team sports such as ice hockey offer the opportunity of recovery breaks between high-intensity work intervals. Strategies aiming to mitigate fatigue during intermittent physical activity are seldom investigated in combination, although several different mechanisms of action exist, which might be cumulative and therefore beneficial for athletes. This study examined the effects of seven combined recovery interventions (enhanced recovery package, ERP) on exercise capacity during intermittent high-intensity cycling.

Methods

Sixteen trained men (age: 24.8 ± 3.4 y; maximal power output: 5.0 ± 0.5 W･kg-1) completed a repeated sprint exercise (RSE) protocol consisting of six 30-s cycling sprints with 3-min breaks between each sprint. The first sprint was always performed at a similar load, while sprints 2-6 were performed with the ergometer in cadence dependent mode (0.075 kg･kg-1). During the breaks, the ERP, Placebo, or Control protocols were applied, all on different days. The ERP condition combined 1) 3-min ice gel packs to the neck; 2, 3) 5-s mouth rinsing of a 10% carbohydrate and caffeine (6 mg･kg-1), 4) ingestion of 50 ml of a 6% carbohydrate solution, 5, 6) 30 s of all-out hyperventilation while breathing 100% O2 (hyperoxia); and finally, 7) potentiation maneuvers via performance of 3 half-squats at 75% of one maximal repetition. The placebo intervention masked the interventions except for the ice packs and potentiation maneuvers. Participants were told they were performing a simplified version with only the known beneficial interventions. Power output, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, rate of perceived exertion and gas exchange were compared between the ERP and Placebo conditions.

Results

Mean power output (W) was significantly higher for the ERP condition compared to Placebo (570 ± 74 W vs. 560 ± 71 W, t(15) = 4.603, P < 0.001, 95% CI diff = 5 – 14 W, dz = 1.15). The rate of power decrement over sprints 2-6 was very similar between trials (ERP -14.2 W per sprint, 95% CI = -21.6 – -6.8 W; Placebo -17.4 W per sprint, 95% CI = -24.7 – -10.2 W per sprint, P = 0.407). Mean heart rate was higher (3 ± 4 bpm, P = 0.012) for the ERP compared to the Placebo condition, as was breathing frequency (2.4 ± 4.0 breaths･min-1, P = 0.028) and respiratory exchange ratio (0.12 ± 0.06, P < 0.001). Oxygen uptake was 80 ± 109 ml･min-1 (P = 0.013) lower for ERP. No differences were found with regards to the rate of perceived exertion or blood lactate concentration.

Conclusion

ERP optimized recovery when applied during the breaks of a high-intensity repeated sprint exercise and shows a small but consistent increase in mean power output. It is possible that the ERP prevented a loss of aerobic efficiency. A top-down approach when tailoring packages for individual athletes might overcome the issue of small improvements that are difficult to detect when strategies are tested in isolation.
The transfer market for non-big five clubs: The case of the Swiss Super League
Authors: Mustafi Zahid , Bayle Emmanuel , Terrien Mickael
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The objective of this research is to study the strategies of Swiss first division clubs in the transfer market. In a context where the revenues of the big 5 clubs (before Covid-19) keep increasing (especially TV rights), the weak financial capacities of the non-big 5 clubs, especially in terms of their low revenues from media rights, push them to devise different strategies. Given the profiles of the clubs, how do they organise their strategy on the transfer market - T - (purchase-sale)? We seek to answer the following questions: What is the importance of transfers on the economic model of Swiss first division clubs? What share of their budget do they represent?

Methods

Market purchases/sales (from 2015 to 2020) define our T (Transfers). We therefore seek to understand the strategy of Swiss clubs in the transfer market from a purely economic point of view (we do not take into account the sporting aspect) and to see what profits Swiss clubs make thanks to T. We then compare, season by season and club by club, the results obtained on the transfer market in relation to the clubs’ budget. We supplement this quantitative data with qualitative interviews with scouting managers from 8 Super League clubs in order to understand the professionalization of Swiss clubs in this area. We carried out an empirical data processing - k-means - to propose a typology of the 12 Super League clubs according to their role in the transfer market and the importance of the T compared to their budget.

Results

Cluster 1 - The low importance of T: The T represents a very small part of the clubs’ budget in this cluster. Transfers have a very low importance here.

Cluster 2 - Singularity of FC Basel: FC Basel is alone in this cluster with sales and purchases well above the other clubs.

Cluster 3 - Confirmed importance of the T on sales: Clubs in this cluster are close to the cluster number 2. Sales are here very important for clubs.

Cluster 4 - A balance of the T between purchases and sales: The purchases and sales are balanced. Clubs in this cluster sell and spend just as much to strengthen themselves.

Discussion - Conclusion

We can see that when a team succeeds in establishing itself in the Super League with stable revenues, it can hope to make purchases on the transfer market thanks to sponsorship or ticketing, which allow it to increase its budget. And when a team manages to qualify for European competitions, its strategy can be diversified and we can see teams making more substantial purchases. Moreover a club can move from one cluster to another quickly. The professionalisation of the scouting of young players also plays a very big role and the resources and professional skills of each club in this area can be very important.
Acute physical activity and cognitive performance: A focus on mediators and moderators
Authors: Benzing Valentin
Published: February 2023

A growing body of research shows beneficial after effects of acute (i.e., single bouts of) physical activity on cognitive performance across different populations. Meta-analytic reviews typically find small effect sizes, however, the research in this area varies significantly regarding physical activity characteristics, measures of cognitive performance, investigated populations, and methodological strength of the work. Therefore, this symposium aims to look at potential mediators (e.g., physical activity characteristics, measures of cognitive performance, positive affect) and moderators (e.g., different populations) that might influence acute effects of physical activity on cognitive performance.
Resilience characterized and quantified from physical activity data: A tutorial in R
Authors: Baretta Dario , Koch Sarah , Cobo Inés , Castano-Vinyals Gemma , De Cid Rafael , Carreras Anna , Buekers Joren , Garcia-Aymerich Judith , Inauen Jennifer , Chevance Guillaume
Published: February 2023

Rationale

Consistent physical activity (PA) is key for health and well-being; however, various events (e.g., pandemic outbreaks, acute diseases) can act as stressors for PA, and thus may be followed by a decrease in PA levels. The process of recovering from such stressors and bouncing back to the previous state of PA can be referred to as resilience. Quantifying resilience is fundamental to assess the impact of stressors on daily PA and to identify factors and strategies to foster adaptive capacities. However, PA time series are typically characterized by evident daily fluctuations that mask the underlying trajectory and, therefore, prevent from detecting the point in time when the system consistently recovers from the stressor. Objective: In this paper, we present a methodological approach to identify the recovery point and ultimately quantify the resilience process from PA data using the area under the curve (AUC). Methods: As use case to illustrate the methodology, we quantified resilience in step count for eight participants following the stressor represented by the start of the first COVID-19 lockdown (March 15, 2020). Step count time series were collected in Barcelona, as part of the COVICAT study, in the period between October 1, 2019 and September 30, 2020. Steps were collected daily using wrist-worn devices. The methodology is implemented in R and a tutorial is available on Open Science Framework. Results: We applied the following analytical steps to each participant’s time series. 1) We calculated the pre-stressor baseline level for step count as the median step count before the first COVID-19 lockdown. 2) We fitted multiple growth models (i.e., linear, quadratic, generalized additive) to each participant’s post stressor time series and identified the best model using the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). 3) We used the fitted values from the selected model to identify the point in time when the participants recovered from the stressor (bouncing back to the baseline level). 4) We quantified the AUC and, ultimately, resilience as the cumulative difference between baseline level and each fitted value before the recovery point. Further resilience features were extracted to capture the different aspects of the process and will be presented. Conclusions: Our contribution offers a methodological guide to quantify resilience from PA data and proposes a ready-to-go toolbox that can be easily applied by interested researchers and foster further scientific investigation in different ways. For instance, it allows to i) explore the determinants of the resilience process for PA, ii) identify intervention strategies that improve individuals’ adaptive capacities and promote faster resilience, and iii) use the provided indicators of resilience as outcomes to test the effectiveness of interventions aiming at reducing the impact of stressors on PA.
Recovery and sleep monitoring in professional ice hockey. Experiences of the German national ice hockey team (mens U20)
Authors: Graumann Lutz
Published: February 2023

The variable regeneration is still a big unknown, with only a few well researched constants. We still do not know exactly what we can use or recommend in a quality-assured way to optimize or accelerate regeneration. Organizations, associations and clubs have not yet been able to agree on uniform procedures and protocols. This is despite the fact that since 2012, a study led by the of the German Federal Institute for Sport Sciences on this topic has been has been ongoing. You can find the current state of research at any time at www.regman.de.
The effects of managerial turnover on employee performance
Authors: Pereira Marco Henriques , Dietl Helmut Max , Lang Markus , Orlowski Johannes
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Managers are a crucial ingredient of a well-functioning team. Thus, managerial turnover is critical for teams worldwide and of all sizes. Moreover, the teams themselves are becoming increasingly diverse and international, which poses a major challenge for managers. Managing a team becomes even more challenging when new managers take over a team they do not yet know. This article examines the effects of managerial turnover on employee performance by considering the tradeoff that originates from these two managers’ responsibilities. The tradeoff exists between the employees’ work quality, depending on the task allocation, and the employees’ exerted work, depending on employee motivation. We measure performance not on a team but on an individual employee level. To overcome the obstacles in measuring the individual employee’s performance, we focus on the sports industry, in which the performance of employees is highly measurable and comparable. On the one hand, to measure how efficiently managers allocate tasks, we look at pass accuracy. On the other hand, to measure how effectively managers motivate their employees, we look at distance covered, runs, and sprints performed.

Methods

To explore how managerial turnover affects individual employee performance, we built a unique 7-year panel dataset consisting of performance, game, and contextual data of 1,284 players playing across 2,141 German first soccer division (Bundesliga) games covering the seasons 2011/2012 to 2017/2018. The final sample contains 29,962 player-game observations for a total of 929 players. Using four fixed effects instrumental variable regression models, we uncover the causal relationship between managerial turnover on the one hand and employee performance on the other hand.

Results

The results demonstrate that managerial turnover negatively affects work quality because new managers allocate tasks less efficiently. Moreover, the results demonstrate that managerial turnover positively affects employees’ efforts because new managers motivate more effectively. By combining arguments of the human capital theory, the social capital theory, and the principal-agent theory, we can theoretically explain these opposing effects and the inconclusive past results.

Discussion/Conclusion

The contributions of this article to the existing body of literature on the effects of managerial turnover are twofold. First, this article is the first to examine the effects of managerial turnover on the individual level rather than overall team performance. Second, we split the individual employee performance into work quality and effort and connect these performance categories with two prominent managers’ responsibilities allowing a better understanding of the relationship between managerial turnover and employee performance and explaining previous theoretical and empirical research’s inconclusive findings. The results have important implications for human resource management.
Assessment of hearing threshold and noise induced hearing loss in people engaged in different occupations
Authors: Arya Sandeep , Kumar Krishan , Khoiyangbam R. S. , Kumar Vinit
Published: February 2023

Hearing threshold was  assessed  in  subjects engaged in  different occupations  at 250 Hz, 500  Hz,  1000  Hz,  2000 Hz, 4000 Hz  and 8000  Hz,  for  left  and  right ear.  The  results revealed  that the  hearing threshold  of truck  drivers,  auto  drivers, traffic policeman, shop keepers,  military personals,  post office  personals are  significantly higher  than  the  corresponding value for the normal subjects (persons not engaged in any  particular  profession).  Among  the  different  occupational categories, the truck drivers were found to have maximum hearing loss at higher frequencies which was followed by traffic  police,  army  personals,  auto  drivers,  shopkeepers  and  tailors.
Impact of sugar industries of kushinagar district (U.P.) on water quality: Using remote sensing and Geographical information System (GIS)
Authors: Awasthi Gyanendra , Kumar Vinay , Chandra Harish , Singh Ajay , Mathur Airvind
Published: February 2023

Quality of water is an important aspect for drinking and  other  related  requirement.  Water  has been  the  most  exploited natural resource due  to  ever increasing  demand  of man for  food,  cloth,  industrialization.  In  the present  study effect  of sugar effluent on water quality  at  given  region  in two  seasonal conditions  i.e. pre  rainy season  and post  rainy season  and the sampled data was analyzed  separately  for  pH,  Total  dissolved  solid  (TDS),  Nitrate,  Phosphate,  Dissolved  oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Chemical oxygen Demand (COD) and  followed by  G.I.S.  to  develop respective  maps.   It was  found  that  the  pH  value  was  alkaline  in  pre rainy  season and  slightly acidic  in post  rainy season. TDS was found high in 66% area during pre rainy season and 74.6% in post rainy season above permissible limit .  In pre  rainy season 83.4% area  and  in post rainy season 98.4%  area  contains high electrical conductivity .In pre  rainy season BOD was found more than 6mg/l in 80.9%  in  pre  rainy season and in  84.2% area  in  post rainy season. COD was found above prescribed limit (>10mg/l) in 59.5%area  in  pre  rainy season  and  in  93.6%  area  in post rainy  season  33.3% area contain high  phosphate  in pre  rainy season 46.03%  area  contains high  phosphate  in post rainy season .Nitrate  was found in permissible limit in pre rainy season 46.6% area was found to contain nitrate in post rainy season 7.1% of the geographical area is having fluoride concentration  more  than  1.5mg/l  and  28.5%  area  is  having fluoride  concentration below the normal limit .Thus   35.6% of total area is not suitable for drinking purpose.6.34% area contain fluoride above prescribed  limit
Isolation and Identification of Food Spoiling Bacteria
Authors: Chauhan Bharti
Published: February 2023

Raw fruits and vegetables have been known to serve as vehicles of human disease for at least a century.In the present study a survey of different hospitals and clinics of Srinagar was done to investigate the cases of food borne diseases in the valley. It was found that Staphylococcus aureus was predominant in banana and grapes,  which  is  known  to cause  Staphyloccocal food poisoning.