bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liberal Attachments: Cultivating Civic Identifications
Authors: Gottlieb Derek , Shuffelton Amy B.
Published: June 2021

Abstract

In the immediate aftermath of the November 2016 election, Mark Lilla argued in the New York Times that in order to win, the Democratic party would need to replace identity politics with a unifying vision of citizenship. In this essay, Derek Gottlieb and Amy Shuffelton explore Lilla's use of the two major terms — identity and citizenship — revealing them to be equally susceptible to expansion, extension, and antipolitical corruption. Using the work of Richard Rorty, Stanley Cavell, Iris Marion Young, and Rita Felski, Gottlieb and Shuffelton amend the dichotomy that Lilla draws, showing that the project of fostering a national imaginary capable of unifying publics across differences will require a process of what Felski calls “identification.” The authors conclude by noting and describing civics courses as the ideal settings for the cultivation of a willingness and ability to identify across differences.
Democracy, Justice, and School Closures
Authors: Reid Ellis
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Over the past few decades, school closure has emerged as a key strategy for education reform. Districts across the country have moved to close schools deemed to be chronically underperforming by official metrics as way to promote academic achievement. More recently, a sizeable body of literature has emerged raising significant questions about the wisdom of school closures, with some scholars and activists criticizing school closures as an injustice. In this article, Ellis Reid takes seriously the claim that the adoption of school closures as a reform strategy is unjust. Drawing on work in democratic theory, Reid argues that the widespread embrace of school closures to "turn around" schools thought to be failing rests in part on racially stigmatizing ideas about schools serving Black and Latinx students and the communities in which these schools are embedded. Importantly, racial stigmatization is not an isolated problem but rather points toward a broader crisis in American democracy. Ultimately, Reid argues that responding to this crisis demands that we take seriously the arguments advanced by the critics of school closures and adopt a broader view of the value of a school.
Vulnerable Children and Moral Responsibility: Loss of Humanity
Authors: Thayer‐Bacon Barbara J.
Published: June 2021

Abstract

In this essay, Barbara Thayer‐Bacon considers the arguments made in favor of “zero tolerance” for immigration at the United States–Mexican border as an example of principled ethics, and she contrasts this position with a caring ethical response. She compares the U.S.'s current zero‐tolerance immigration policy to the zero‐tolerance approach U.S. public schools adopted in response to violence in schools. The zero‐tolerance policies implemented by schools in the wake of several high‐profile incidents serves as a strong illustration of the moral dilemmas that zero‐tolerance policies create generally. Both examples illustrate that zero‐tolerance policies are not an effective moral response to ethical dilemmas; on the contrary, such policies lead to a lack of attention to context, subjectivity, positionality, and institutional power, which in turn generates a range of new and different ethical quandaries. Ultimately, Thayer‐Bacon argues that taking a zero tolerance approach to serious, complicated problems such as immigration policy is misguided; developing fair, humane, caring, and just immigration policies requires a more nuanced approach that attends to the full complexity of the issues involved.
Association of advanced glycation end‐products levels with vascular events in postmenopausal women
Authors: Urano Tomohiko , Shiraki Masataka , Imai Takumi , Iinuma Norio , Kuroda Tatsuhiko , Tanaka Shiro , Saito Mitsuru
Published: June 2021

Aim

Advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) are a known factor that accelerates vascular complications. AGEs (e.g. pentosidine or N‐ε‐carboxy‐methyl‐lysine [CML]) have been particularly investigated in patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease and have been associated not only with arteriosclerosis, but also with novel vascular events. On the contrary, the correlation of vascular events with AGEs has not been sufficiently investigated in groups excluding those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of AGEs on the history of vascular events in postmenopausal women excluding those with diabetes or renal insufficiency.

Methods

Japanese postmenopausal women were registered to the study after obtaining informed consent. Patients with critical illness, including diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency, were excluded from the study. Participants were asked about their medical histories during the registration for the Nagano Cohort Study. Non‐fasting serum and urine samples were collected to measure biochemical markers, including urinary pentosidine and serum CML levels.

Results

Among 357 postmenopausal women, 32 had a history of vascular events. After adjusting age and other variables known to be associated with the presence of vascular event history, positive correlations between AGEs and vascular event history were observed (standardized odds ratio of log[pentosidine] 1.38, 95% CI 0.96–2.00, P = 0.086; standardized odds ratio of log[CML] 1.73, 95% CI 1.10–2.74, P = 0.019).

Discussion

The present results showed a significant association between serum CML and the presence of vascular event history, suggesting that serum CML might play a role in vascular events. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 651–656.
Collaborative consumption: An investigation into the secondary sneaker market
Authors: Slaton Kelcie , Pookulangara Sanjukta
Published: June 2021

The secondary sneaker market is rather unique in that unlike items in other resale fashion categories (e.g., clothing), sneakers often resell for more than their original retail price. This market has risen to dizzying heights fueled by social media and collaborations with celebrities and designers which, coupled with limited availablility of merchandise, have generated great consumer demand and interest surrounding this market. The aim of this study was to investigate popular culture and social media and their influence on fashion conscious consumers interested in secondary sneaker retailers (i.e., StockX, GOAT) as well as their further impact on purchase intentions. The authors utilized the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to examine consumer behavior toward secondary sneaker retailers. The findings support the TRA, suggesting that the social mechanisms of interest (i.e., popular culture and social media) positively influence consumers, who report high levels of fashion consciousness and subsequent positive attitudes toward the secondary sneaker retailer, subjective norms, and ultimately purchase behavior vis‐a‐vis secondary sneakers. The findings of this study will enable industry practitioners and members of academia to gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon.
Genetic structure of Cydiapomonella populations in Argentina and Chile implies isolating barriers exist between populations
Authors: Cichón Liliana I. , Soleño Jimena , Garrido Silvina A. , Guiñazú Natalia , Montagna Cristina M. , Franck Pierre , Olivares Jerome , Musleh Selim , Rodríguez Marcela A. , Fuentes‐Contreras Eduardo
Published: June 2021

The codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.)) is an invasive pest of pome fruits introduced to the Americas in the 19–20th centuries. This pest is widespread on both sides of the Andes range separating Argentina and Chile. We performed an analysis of the population genetic variability and structure of C. pomonella in Argentina and Chile using 13 microsatellite markers and sampled C. pomonella from apple as the main host plant along its distribution area (approx. 1,800 km). A total of 22 locations (11 from Chile and 11 from Argentina) were sampled. Significant genetic differentiation was observed among samples from Argentina and Chile (FSC = 0.045) and between all localities (FST = 0.085). Significant isolation by distance (IBD) was found for each country and when samples from both sides of the Andes range were pooled, although a lower correlation coefficient was observed. The Mantel test showed that the geographic distance and highest altitude of the mountains between locations were significantly associated with the pairwise FST when samples from both sides of the Andes range were pooled. According to a Bayesian assignment test (STRUCTURE), samples from Argentina and Chile conformed to two distinct genetic clusters. Our results also suggest that the recent invasion of C. pomonella in the southernmost localities (Aysén Region in Chile and Santa Cruz Province in Argentina) originated in populations from the respective sides of the Andes range. Our results indicate a genetic exchange of C. pomonella within each country and significant genetic differentiation between countries, which could be explained by dispersal mediated by human activities related to fruit production within each country with little exchange between them. A possible explanation is that the Andes range could be a significant barrier for dispersal by flight, and quarantine barriers could prevent the movement of plant material or infested fruit between countries.
Sorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of wheat malt under storage conditions
Authors: Silva Kamilla Soares , Polachini Tiago Carregari , Luna‐Flores Mario , Luna‐Solano Guadalupe , Resende Osvaldo , Telis‐Romero Javier
Published: June 2021

The growing use of wheat malt in food applications has boosted studies regarding suitable conditions for processing and storage. Because water sorption during storage may affect the malt functionality, sorption isotherms of wheat malt were determined aiming at covering a wide range of temperatures (10–40°C) and relative humidity (5.80–98.18%). Different theoretical models were fitted to the experimental data. Thermodynamic properties as heat of sorption, enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were evaluated. Equilibrium moisture content tended to increase with increasing water activity and decreasing temperature. Henderson and GAB models showed the best fit for wheat malt isotherms. Isosteric heat of sorption increased as the moisture content decreased. Differential enthalpy (−1,071.82 to −36.95 kJ/kg) and entropy (2.29 to 0.12 kJ/k/K) values were linearly dependent, meeting the requirements to confirm the compensation theory. Water adsorption of wheat malt was considered as an enthalpy‐driven (ΔH < 0) and spontaneous process (−324.13 kJ/kg< ΔG < −0.13 kJ/kg). Reported data can be useful for designing adequate storage conditions of wheat malt.

Practical Applications

Wheat malt has been widely used together with or in replacement of barley malt in many food applications, from brewing to ingredient industries. As a consequence of the seasonality, wheat malt should be stored for long periods to ensure the supply chain over the year. As seen as the storage conditions may affect the quality and shelf‐life of wheat malt, this work aimed at:

reporting experimental conditions to better preserve the malt quality and make viable its long‐term usage in different food applications;

determining and evaluating its water sorption properties in a range of temperatures and relative humidity;

providing mathematical models and thermodynamic analysis for designing adequate storage conditions.
Price preferences reveal asymmetric price effect—A preliminary study
Authors: Priilaid David , Hall Daniel
Published: June 2021

In the context of the consumption of two food products, we demonstrate that the price‐framing affect distribution is bi‐model, rather than normal. We do this through a preference typology for expensive versus cheap products, conducted through two independent tasting experiments: one involving chocolate the other, cheese. Participants made product quality judgments, first without price information and then with. Crucially, each tasting line‐up carried a pair of identical but differently priced products. In each experiment the results split the sample populations into two subsets: those who preferred the more expensive duplicate products and those who either preferred the cheaper alternative or were price neutral. Through testing of a high/low price‐preference typology, we find evidence of strong‐positive price affectation for individuals that prefer high priced, but identical products. Such asymmetrical susceptibility to price information suggests that food‐based price framing effects may be also experienced by different populations at markedly different intensities.

Practical Applications

Practical implications for marketers of fast‐moving consumer goods are provided. Due to the bi‐model distribution of price‐framing affect rates, we submit that vulnerability to the framing effect is not universal among consumers. Therefore, by identifying those consumers who are more price sensitive, emphasis can be placed on highlighting the extrinsic product characteristics of these goods, such as price, rather than on the intrinsic qualities such as smell, taste and texture. Advertising should also be tailored in content, style and tone when targeting these different types of consumers. The study also builds on the work relating to cue‐based segmentation of consumers and posits the idea that segmentation can be conducted based on their sensitivity to the price cue.
Increased procedural safety of cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation with a double 120 s freeze protocol
Authors: Bianchini Lorenzo , Bordignon Stefano , Chen Shaojie , Zanchi Simone , Tohoku Shota , Bologna Fabrizio , Tondo Claudio , Schmidt Boris , Chun K.R. Julian
Published: June 2021

Background

Recently a double 120 s freeze cryoballoon (CB) pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) protocol proved to be non inferior to a double 240 s freeze protocol in terms of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrences. We hypothesized that this approach could also result in an increased procedure safety.

Methods

Eighty consecutive patients treated with a double 120 s freeze protocol (Group CB120) were compared with 80 previous consecutive patients treated with a single 240 s freeze protocol (Group CB240). Procedures were performed with a temperature probe to monitor the luminal esophageal temperature (LET), using a cut off for cryoenergy interruption of 15°C. During ablation at the septal pulmonary veins (PVs), the phrenic nerve (PN) function was monitored by pacing.

Results

In CB120 and CB240 the rate of single shot isolation was similar in all PVs. Time to isolation was not different between the two groups. Mean minimal esophageal temperature was lower in LSPV and LIPV of the CB240 group. A total of 4/80 patients (5%) of the CB120 group experienced a PN injury, but no persistent form was recorded; 11/80 patients (14%) of the CB240 group experienced a PN injury, three in a persistent form (p = .10). A LET <15°C was recorded in 3/80 patients (4%) in the CB120 group and in 16/80 patients (20%) in the CB240 group (p < .01). Composite rate of energy‐related safety events (LET <15°C and PN injury) was significantly lower in the CB120 (34% vs. 9%, p < .01).

Conclusions

Safety of second generation CB PVI can be increased using a double 120 s freeze protocol.
Sinus pericranii with facial involvement—A great mimicker
Authors: Knöpfel Nicole , Theiler Martin , Nieman Elizabeth , Gnannt Ralph , Kottke Raimund , Altermatt Stefan , Bayliss Susan J. , Weibel Lisa
Published: June 2021

Sinus pericranii is a rare vascular anomaly characterized by an abnormal communication between the intra‐ and extracranial venous systems through a calvarial defect(s). We present three cases of congenital sinus pericranii with facial involvement, emphasizing its cutaneous presentation with diagnostic pitfalls and discuss the multidisciplinary management of this vascular anomaly.
Detection of the HLA‐A*11:01:06 allele in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Yang Kuo‐Liang , Li Chi‐Cheng , Lin Py‐Yu
Published: June 2021

One nucleotide substitution in codon 105 of HLA‐A*11:01:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐A*11:01:06.
Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate and Misalignment: The Sierra Leone Perspective
Authors: TARAWALIE Abu Bakarr
Published: June 2021

This paper estimates the equilibrium real effective exchange rate and determine the level of exchange rate misalignment in Sierra Leone, for the period 1980 to 2018. The paper utilizes the behavioral equilibrium exchange rate methodology within the Johansen maximum likelihood framework to estimate the long run equilibrium real effective exchange rate. The unit root test result shows that all the variables are integrated of order one, whilst the cointegration test establishes the existence of one cointegrating vector as evidenced by both the Trace and Maximum Eigen Statistics. The normalized long run results reveal that openness, government expenditure and money supply were the most significant determinants of the real effective exchange rate in the long run. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the real effective exchange rate experienced sustained deviation from the long run equilibrium real effective exchange rate during the study period, with episodes of overvaluation and undervaluation. Specifically, the real effective exchange rate was overvalued by 3.69 percent during the period between 1980-1985; undervalued by 1.8 percent between 1986-1997, and overvalued by 0.9 percent between 1998-2004, Thus, the paper reveals episodes of misalignment of the real effective exchange rate. Based on these findings, the study recommends that, the monetary authorities should ensure stability of the exchange rate and maintain price stability, through sterilization of capital flows as well as contain money growth within the statutory limit.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki
Published: June 2021

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 3 Albert Henry Ntarmah, Jiangsu University, GhanaAli Massoud, Sohag University, EgyptAyoub Taha Sidahmed, SIU, SudanDyah Wulan Sari, Airlangga University, IndonesiaIulia Lupu, Victor Slavescu” Centre for Financial and Monetary Research, Romanian Academy, RomaniaMurad Harasheh, University of Milan-Bicocca, ItalyNuno Crespo, ISCTE-IUL, PortugalPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitRajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, IndiaRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaSteven V. Cates, Purdue University-Global, USAVictoria Cociug, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaY. Saidi, M’sila University, Algeria      Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
Performance of Hybrid Renewable Energy Power System for a Residential Building
Authors: Qandil Mohammad D. , Abbas Ahmad I. , Al Hamad Saif , Saadeh Walaa , Amano Ryoichi S.
Published: June 2021

Using fossil fuels as the primary way to generate electricity causes a significant effect on the environment. In 2019, more than 64% of the electricity in the United States of America was generated using fossil-fuel resources, while renewable energy (RE) resources contributed to only 17% of the U.S. electricity generation for the same year. Due to the complex terrain distribution of many states in the U.S., a massive opportunity of utilizing RE resources in rural and remote areas can reduce the cost of electrical grid installation for such areas. In this study, a typical residential building with an average energy utilization of 30.25 kWh/day with a demand peak of 5.34 kW was considered a case study in each state to optimize a hybrid RE system and find the best alternative electrical grid system. This study presents the best configuration between solar and wind energy with different types of energy storage. It was discovered the photovoltaic (PV) solar panels—diesel generators with battery best services in all states. The daily radiation and diesel prices substantially affect the levelized cost of energy (COE) values in each state.
Properties of Plasmodium falciparum with a Deleted Apicoplast DNA Gyrase
Authors: Tan SooNee , Mudeppa Devaraja G. , Kokkonda Sreekanth , White John , Patrapuvich Rapatbhorn , Rathod Pradipsinh K.
Published: June 2021

Malaria parasites have three genomes: a nuclear genome, a mitochondrial genome, and an apicoplast genome. Since the apicoplast is a plastid organelle of prokaryotic origin and has no counterpart in the human host, it can be a source of novel targets for antimalarials.
Plasmodium falciparum
DNA gyrase (
Pf
Gyr) A and B subunits both have apicoplast-targeting signals.
Identification of a Thiol-Disulfide Oxidoreductase (SdbA) Catalyzing Disulfide Bond Formation in the Superantigen SpeA in Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Lee Song F. , Li Lydia , Jalal Naif , Halperin Scott A.
Published: June 2021

Here, we reported the first example of disulfide bond formation in
Streptococcus pyogenes
. The results showed that a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, named SdbA, is responsible for introducing the disulfide bond in the superantigen SpeA.
Post hoc analysis of ellipsoid zone changes beyond the central subfield in symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion patients from the OASIS trial
Authors: Velaga Swetha Bindu , Nittala Muneeswar Gupta , Ip Michael S , Duchateau Luc , Sadda SriniVas R
Published: June 2021

Background/aims

OASIS is a Phase IIIb trial (NCT01429441) assessing long-term outcomes in subjects with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (VMA). The purpose of this study is to report on the frequency, severity, location and time course of ellipsoid zone (EZ) alterations in ocriplasmin-treated and sham control eyes in the OASIS study.

Methods

220 patients (146 ocriplasmin, 74 sham) subjects with VMA were enrolled in this masked post hoc analysis phase IIIb, randomised, sham-controlled double-masked multicentre clinical trial. A masked post hoc analysis of OCT images was performed at the Doheny Image Reading Center from subjects enrolled in the OASIS trial. The status of the EZ band was assessed in three different macular regions: the central subfield (CS) (≤1 mm diameter), the parafoveal area (PAA) (>1 to ≤3 mm) and the perifoveal area (PEA) (>3 to ≤6 mm). The EZ band was rated as normal/intact, full thickness macular hole (FTMH), abnormal but continuous, discontinuous/disrupted or absent at visits from baseline (pretreatment) to week 1 (day 7), month 1 (day 28), month 3, month 6, month 12 and the final follow-up at month 24. EZ band status was compared in both study and control eyes.

Results

A total of 208 patients (138 ocriplasmin, 70 sham) were included in this analysis. At baseline, FTMH was present in 48.6%, 8.0%, 0% and 52.8%, 2.9%, 0% in the CS, PAA and PEA of the ocriplasmin and sham groups, respectively. The EZ was graded to be abnormal but continuous, discontinuous/disrupted or absent at Baseline in 21.0%, 4.3%, 2.8% in the CS, PAA and PEA, respectively, of the ocriplasmin group; and 12.9%, 10.0%, 4.3% in the CS, PAA and PEA of the sham group. For the ocriplasmin group in the PAA, this frequency increased to 6.6% at week 1, was 9.8% at month 1, but improved to 3.8% at month 3, and remained stable to 1.6% at month 24. These differences, however, were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Ocriplasmin treatment for symptomatic VMA was associated with EZ abnormalities in a small percentage of patients that was best assessed in regions (PEA) relatively unaffected by the VM interface disease at baseline. The EZ abnormalities were apparent by week 1, persisted at month 1, and appeared to resolve in the majority of cases by month 3.

Trial registration number

NCT01429441
Impact of board of directors on financial performance and the existence of risk management as an intervening variable
Authors: Mediaty Mediaty
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the effect of the board of directors on financial performance, either directly or indirectly through the existence of risk management in Indonesia.This study presents empirical investigation of 31 nonfinancial Indonesia listed companies from 2010 to 2016. This study utilizes the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) model. The results of the SEM model find that there is a significant positive effect of the existence of risk management and the tenure-Chief Executive Officer (CEO) on financial performance. However, CEO duality has a significant negative effect on financial performance. The results also find that the effect of CEO duality and board size are significant positive on financial performance through the existence of risk management. It is one of the first papers to investigate the effect of board of directors and financial performance, either directly or indirectly through the existence of risk management in Indonesia.
Is Food Addictive? A Review of the Science
Authors: Gearhardt Ashley N. , Schulte Erica M.
Published: June 2021

As ultraprocessed foods (i.e., foods composed of mostly cheap industrial sources of dietary energy and nutrients plus additives) have become more abundant in our food supply, rates of obesity and diet-related disease have increased simultaneously. Food addiction has emerged as a phenotype of significant empirical interest within the past decade, conceptualized most commonly as a substance-based addiction to ultraprocessed foods. We detail ( a) how approaches used to understand substance-use disorders may be applicable for operationalizing food addiction, ( b) evidence for the reinforcing potential of ingredients in ultraprocessed foods that may drive compulsive consumptions, ( c) the utility of conceptualizing food addiction as a substance-use disorder versus a behavioral addiction, and ( d) clinical and policy implications that may follow if ultraprocessed foods exhibit an addictive potential. Broadly, the existing literature suggests biological and behavioral parallels between food addiction and substance addictions, with ultraprocessed foods high in both added fat and refined carbohydrates being most implicated in addictive-like eating. Future research priorities are also discussed, including the need for longitudinal studies and the potential negative impact of addictive ultraprocessed foods on children.
An Improved Nonhomogeneous Grey Model with Fractional-Order Accumulation and Its Application
Authors: Liu Shuanghua , Qi Qin , Hu Zhiming
Published: June 2021

The nonhomogeneous grey model has been seen as an effective method for forecasting time series with approximate nonhomogeneous index law, which has been widely used in diverse disciplines on account of its high prediction precision. However, there remains room for improvements. For this, this study presents an improved nonhomogeneous grey model by incorporating the dynamic integral mean value theorem and fractional accumulation simultaneously. In order to promote the efficacy of the optimised model, we apply the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to ascertain its optimal parameter. In particular, two examples are conducted to validate the superiority of the proposed model in contrast with other benchmarks, and the experimental results show that the mean absolute percentage error of the proposed approach is 808692% and 6.0706%, respectively, indicating the proposed approach performs better than other competing models.
Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei versus Granulomatous Rosacea: A Case Report
Authors: Seo Ji-In , Shin Min Kyung
Published: June 2021

Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) and granulomatous rosacea are 2 distinct inflammatory dermatoses with overlapping clinical features: reddish-yellow papular eruptions localized on the central face. Consequently, LMDF can easily be misdiagnosed as granulomatous rosacea or vice versa. Because delayed treatment in LMDF may increase chances of permanent scar formation, accurate diagnosis is important. We therefore analyzed published literature and case studies to organize the essential features differentiating LMDF from granulomatous rosacea. In addition, we report each case of LMDF and granulomatous rosacea for direct comparison.
Ironia e Visão na Narrativa de Balaão
Authors: Iglesias Lucas Alamino
Published: June 2021

Toda ironia relacionada ao ofício profético na Bíblia Hebraica brota do contraste entre a percepção do profeta e aquela da audiência. Favorecido por um olhar privilegiado, o profeta, com destreza artística, expõe a visão limitada, portanto inferior, de sua audiência. Como agente de ironia, o profeta desestabiliza sua audiência e lhe dá a capacidade de uma recomposição de visão. Contudo, em porções narrativas da Bíblia Hebraica encontramos uma quebra de expectativa em relação a essa perspectiva diferenciada. Nem sempre o profeta é retratado como agente de ironia. Em algumas ocasiões ele também é vítima. O primeiro exemplo desse fenômeno é encontrado na narrativa de Balaão.  A ruptura do padrão se dá na história de Balaão através da íntima relação entre ironia e visão. Através da análise literária da história de Balaão em sua forma final, o presente artigo visa explorar a importância da relação entre ironia e visão na crítica a essa figura profética.
A Reappraisal of Judges 3:12-30
Authors: Nunes Jr. Edson M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This paper analyzes the text of Judges 3:12-30. The reason is that the presence of irony in Judges 3:12-30 has been disputed in recent articles. Using narrative criticism and intertextuality as methodology, this paper shows that the cumulative effect of literary features, and Moab-Israel relationship background, results in irony.

Key-words: Book of Judges; Moab-Israel; Narrative Criticism; Irony; Food.
Presença da Graça
Authors: Hanania Aida R. , Sproviero Mário B.
Published: June 2021

Maria da Graça de Campos Mendes Segnibo nasceu na cidade de Caxias no Maranhão, em 28 de março de 1949 e faleceu em São Paulo, em 17 de março de 1997. Era casada com o Sr. Bernard Segnibo e não deixou filhos. Esteve ligada à Universidade de São Paulo desde 1973, exercendo, inicialmente, atividade administrativa na FFLCH – setor de Pós-Graduação (1973-1988). De 1988 a 1997 integrou o quadro de Professores do Departamento de Línguas Orientais, exercendo as atividades de docência e pesquisa junto ao Curso de Chinês, especializando-se em Cultura Chinesa.
O conto-crônica de Yehudit Hendel: um retrato do artista israelense
Authors: Rozenchan Nancy
Published: June 2021

Ao abordar um conto de uma das mais conhecidas escritoras israelenses, Yehudit Hendel, pretende-se indicar como elementos de um gê- nero, a crônica, servem para abranger aspectos da vida pessoal da narradora/escritora, transformando o relato num conto em que se imbricam, aparentemente, elementos destoantes.
Armênia: rota de muitos povos
Authors: Camargo Yêda de M.
Published: June 2021

Armênia, país da Ásia Menor, orgulha-se pela sua trajetória histórico-cultural há mais de trinta séculos. Foi muito visada, durante muitos séculos, por romanos, gregos, árabes, turcos, etc., por situar-se, geograficamente, numa “encruzilhada”, obrigando a passagem de povos vizinhos nesta região, objetivando transações comerciais. As maiores influências deixadas nos costumes, arquitetura, vocabulário... são de gregos, siríacos e árabes. Em contrapartida, influenciou consideravelmente a Geórgia. Estabeleceu o Cristianismo – como religião oficial do país – em 301, firmado, a partir de então, a base social-política para sustentação do povo.
A fulguração de Ana
Authors: Amâncio Moacir
Published: June 2021

Este artigo trata de questões de leitura do original da Bíblia Hebraica no primeiro capítulo de 1 Samuel e também dos problemas de tradução apresentados pelo texto a partir do uso de palavras-guia tomadas como produtoras de sentido.
Dois poemas árabes pré-islâmicos
Authors: Jarouche Mamede M.
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho é uma tentativa preliminar de traduzir ao português as célebres muallaqas pré-islâmicas de Imru Alqays e Antara Bin ³addād.
A tradução e Haroldo de Campos
Authors: Bernardini Aurora F.
Published: June 2021

No campo dos estudos sobre a tradução são dados alguns modelos e critérios da tradução literária, começando pelo formalismo russo e chegando à época do pós-estruturalismo e dos estudos interculturais. Serão citados auto- res como R. Jakobson, Lotman, U.Eco, G. Toury, H. Meschonnic, G.Ungaretti, e Haroldo de Campos, incluindo considerações sobre nossa própria prática como tradutora de algumas das obras de Haroldo de Campos.
Entrevista: Boris Schnaiderman
Authors: Costa Walter Carlos
Published: June 2021

Boris Schnaiderman é um dos grandes intelectuais brasileiros. Graças a ele, pudemos começar a fruir a literatura russa a partir do original. Boris tem um perfil, que já foi regra no Brasil e hoje é exceção: junta a prática acadêmica com o exercí- cio do jornalismo literário, o culto aos clássicos com o interesse pelos novos escri- tores. Em suas várias décadas de dedicação à cultura brasileira, Boris produziu uma obra crítica e de divulgação ímpar que tornou o português uma das línguas em que melhor se podem ler alguns dos grandes textos da imensa literatura em língua russa.
Diáspora armênia no Brasil
Authors: Marcarian Mônica Nalbandian
Published: June 2021

Na história as nações existem e desaparecem. Os Armênios existem no mundo nos últimos quatro mil anos. Eles contribuíram para o crescimento das civilizações, aceitaram o cristianismo bem no início da era cristã. No final do século XIX começou a sofrer sistemáticas perseguições e assassinatos. A única forma de sobrevivência era migrar para países que aceitassem e dessem oportunidades a imigrantes para melhorar sua vida e ter paz. Os armênios que vieram ao Brasil procuravam uma vida pacífica. Começaram a trabalhar nas mais diferentes áreas, formaram suas famílias e tornaram-se respeitáveis brasileiros sem esquecer a cultura, língua e história de seus ancestrais.
Integração cultural dos imigrantes chineses no Brasil
Authors: Shyu David Jye Yuan , Jye Chen Tsung
Published: June 2021

O povo chinês sofreu muito com guerras e a exploração de colonizadores e invasores, nos últimos dois séculos. Grande número de pessoas procura lugar seguro e emigra para diferentes continentes, inclusive o Brasil. Houve grave problema de convivência com o povo local na Indonésia e nas Filipinas. Os especialistas começam a estudar os problemas relacionados com os imigrantes chineses. Foi realizado um estudo de processo de aculturação dos imigrantes chineses no Brasil por meio da análise histórica, estrutura da comunidade, ensino de língua e cultura e pesquisa de campo, visando a uma melhor compreensão da situação dos imigrantes chineses e a uma melhor interação entre o Brasil e a China.
Sentidos dos corpo: os usos de drogas na Sociedade Islâmica Medieval
Authors: Soares Marina Juliana de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

De que forma os árabe-muçulmanos encaravam o uso de drogas durante o período clássico? Eis a questão que propulsou o desenvolvimento deste artigo. A partir da literatura erótica islâmica, buscou-se tecer a relação entre estes homens e substâncias como o haxixe, o ópio e bebidas alcoólicas – estas proibidas no livro sagrado. O uso de inebriantes e psicoativos pela gente islâmica personifica uma outra convivência harmoniosa: a de homens e mulheres com o prazer do corpo. Os interditos que emergiram mais tarde só podem ser entendidos se recuperados estes momentos de “legalidade corporal”.
Abstract 107: Depletion of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Inhibits Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Xu Baohui , Xuan Haojun , Fujimura Naoki , Michie Sara A , Dalman Ronald L
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) manifest histologic features consistent with other chronic inflammatory diseases. Infiltrating mural myeloid cells (e.g. macrophages) are already recognized as important contributors to aneurysm pathogenesis, however, the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), major type 1 interferon-producing myeloid cells involving in autoimmune diseases and atherosclerosis, has not been previously investigated in this context.

Methods and Results:
AAAs were created in 12 week old male C57BL/6J mice by transient intra-aortic infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). AAA development and progression were assessed via serial ultrasound determination of aortic diameter
in vivo
, and histology at sacrifice. The fraction of circulating leukocytes identified as pDCs was significantly increased immediately following PPE infusion (aneurysm initiation). Treatment with mPDCA-1 mAb (400 μg i.p. q.o.d.), beginning one day prior to PPE infusion, depleted more than 90% of bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood pDCs (data not shown) and suppressed subsequent aneurysm development and progression compared to that noted in PPE-infused mice treated with control mAb. mPDCA-1 treatment promoted aortic medial elastin and smooth muscle preservation, while limiting mural macrophage accumulation and neocapillary formation.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest a role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells in promoting the initiation and progression of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Abstract 109: Statins Have a Dose-dependent Effect on Amputation Risk and Survival in Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) Patients
Authors: Arya Shipra , Khakharia Anjali , Binney Zachary O , Demartino Randall R , Brewster Luke P , Goodney Philip P , Wilson Peter W
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Statin dose guidelines for PAD patients are based on coronary artery disease and stroke data. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of statin dose (based on 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines) on PAD outcomes of amputation and mortality.

Methods:
Patients with PAD in the Veterans Affairs database were identified from 2003-2014. The exposure was highest statin dose usage (none, low-moderate and high intensity) around diagnosis of PAD (within 1 year). The outcomes were risk of incident amputation (below knee or above knee) and mortality at 1, 3 and 5 years. The effect of statin dose on the two outcomes was also analyzed using Cox proportional hazards modeling to adjust for covariates.

Results:
In 208,275 patients with PAD [Males: 98.1%; Mean age: 67.4 yrs (SD 9.9)], 17,643 amputations and 99,951 deaths occurred in a median follow up of 5.2 years. Almost a quarter (27.7%) of patients were not on a statin while 30.4% were on simvastatin 80 mg (no longer recommended due to drug toxicity). The risk of incident amputation declined significantly at the high intensity statin dose as seen in Table 1. In Cox models adjusting for age, gender, race, comorbidities, cholesterol levels and creatinine, the high intensity statins were associated with lower amputation risk and mortality as compared to no statin [HR 0.67; 95% CI (0.63, 0.72) and HR 0.71; 95% CI (0.68, 0.73), respectively]. Low-moderate-dose statins also had significant but smaller reductions in risk of amputation and mortality [HR amputation 0.78 (0.75, 0.82), HR death 0.78 (0.77, 0.80)].

Conclusion:
This is one of the largest population based studies to examine the effect of statins on long-term PAD outcomes and the first to explore the dose-dependent effect of statins on amputation and mortality. High intensity statins are associated with a significant reduction in limb loss and mortality in PAD patients followed by a smaller risk reduction by low-moderate intensity statins as compared to no statin therapy.
Abstract 115: Is Routine Patching Necessary Following Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA)?
Authors: Gargiulo Nicholas J
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
Large medicare databases and meta-analyses recommend routine patching following carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Routine patching reduces perioperative stroke, carotid thrombosis, and restenosis. This 30 year experience evaluates the long term outcome of CEA with selective patching and without routine postoperative duplex examination.

Methods:
An IRB-approved retrospective review of all CEAs peformed by two surgeons over a 30 year period (1984-2014). Pre-operative imaging studies, operative reports, physical findings, co-morbid conditions, and pre- and postoperative medications were evaluated.

Results:
Over a 30-year period, 439 CEAs were performed for symptomatic carotid disease using a selective patch technique depending on gender, internal carotid artery diameter, cardiovascular risk factors, and preoperative arteriogram. In this group of 439 patients, 17 (3.9%) had patch closure of the carotid artery and the other 422 (96.1%) had primary closure. There were 2 (0.47%) perioperative strokes in the primary closure group and 4 (0.95%) patients in this group developed symptomatic carotid restenosis at a mean follow-up of 49.5 months (range 1 to 237 months). There was 1 (5.8%) carotid thrombosis in the patch closure group who also had a perioperative stroke and was serologically positive for a hypercoagulable disorder. The 4 patients who developed symptomatic restenosis had arteriographically proven > 90% stenosis and required repeat CEA. The remaining 418 (99.0%) patients having primary closure remained neurologically asymptomatic (mean follow-up 10.3 years, range 2.5 to 17 years). There was 1 (0.23%) operative death that occurred following the induction of general anesthesia.

Conclusions:
In this experience, there is no statistically significant difference in restenosis in the primary closure group and selective patch group following CEA. Although this data set is a small, single center, two surgeon, retrospective review, it does not support the generally well accepted view of routine patching following CEA
Abstract 127: Induction of miR-21 Increases Fibrous Cap Stability in Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Jin Hong , Li Yuhuang , Bäcklund Alexandra , Busch Albert , Eken Suzanne M , Chernogubova Ekaterina , Gustafsson Peter , Perisic Ljubica , Schellinger Isabel , Raaz Uwe , Tsao Philip S , Hansson Göran K , Paulsson- Berne Gabrielle , Hedin Ulf , Maegdefessel Lars
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study was to explore the role of miRNAs as potential regulators in patients with carotid artery stenosis and concordant vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.

A pre-determined miRNA-array of laser captured micro-dissected (LCM) tissue specimen from fibrous caps of 10 symptomatic patients (stroke or TIA within > 14 days and histo-morphologically identified ruptured lesion) compared to fibrous caps from 10 asymptomatic patients (stable lesions; high grade stenosis) discovered miR-21 as one of the two miRNAs (miRs-21 and -210) being substantially down-regulated in symptomatic patients.

To functionally evaluate the contribution of miR-21 to plaque vulnerability, we created

miR21
-/-

/

ApoE
-/-

mice on a C57BL/6 background. We explored the phenotype of these newly developed

miR21
-/-
/ApoE
-/-

mice in experimental models of vascular remodelling and plaque vulnerability. First,

miR21
-/-

mice revealed a complete lack of SMC proliferation in response to carotid ligation injury. In the second inducible plaque rupture model, using incomplete ligation of the common carotid artery with consecutive cuff placement proximal to the ligated region indicated that all

miR21
-/-
/ApoE
-/-

mice (
n
=10) presented atherothombotic events and signs of severe plaque instability. The rupture rate in control

miR21
+/+
/ApoE
-/-

mice was significantly lower at 56% (
n
=9). In addition,

miR21
-/-
/ApoE
-/-

showed an increase in lesion area in the aortic root and substantially higher levels of macrophage infiltration in injured carotid arteries. Dynamic live cell imaging, using isolated aortic SMCs and peritoneal macrophages from

miR21
-/-
/ApoE
-/-

vs.

miR2
+/+
/ApoE
-/-

mice displayed substantial lower cellular proliferation and survival rates (for SMCs), and distinct advanced inflammatory activity upon oxidized LDL (oxLDL) stimulation of macrophages.

In the present study we identified miR-21 as a key modulator of pathologic processes in atherosclerosis-related vascular remodelling. Targeted, lesion-site specific overexpression of miR-21 could be a novel and powerful future strategy to stabilize vulnerable plaques by inducing pro-proliferative mechanisms in SMC-enriched fibrous caps.
Abstract 128: Risk Factors for Hospital-associated Venous Thromboembolism in Critically-ill Children with Cardiac Disease Undergoing Cardiothoracic Surgery or Cardiac Catheter-based Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: Atchison Christie , Amankwah Ernest , Wilhelm Jean , Arkilar Shilpa , Stock Arabela , Branchford Brian , Takemoto Clifford , Streiff Michael , Ayala Irmel , Everett Allen , Stapleton Gary , Jacobs Marshall , Jacobs Jeff , Goldenberg Neil
Published: June 2021

Background:
Pediatric hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) has dramatically risen in recent years. Children with congenital or acquired heart disease are at particular risk and have not been addressed by recent, novel retrospectively-derived risk scores.

Aims:
We sought to develop a risk model for HA-VTE in critically-ill children with cardiac disease.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective, case-control study of children admitted to the CVICU at All Children's Hospital Johns Hopkins Medicine (St. Petersburg, FL, USA) from January 2006 - April 2013. We identified cases via ICD-9 codes, and employed case validation via review of radiologic records. Two controls were randomly selected for each case. Associations between putative risk factors and HA-VTE were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) and ninety-five percent confidence intervals (95%CIs) from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Variables with P-values < 0.1 in univariate analyses were included in the multivariate model. A HA-VTE risk score was developed with weighting based on the relative magnitudes of the individual ORs from the multivariate model.

Results:
After adjustment in a multiple logistic regression, length of stay (LOS) >30 days, cardiac catheterization, and major infection were found to be statistically-significant independent risk factors for HA-VTE in these children. An 8-point risk score was developed in which scores of 0-1, 2-6, and 7-8 yielded HA-VTE risks of < 1%, 1-< 2%, and ≥2%, corresponding to conventional thresholds for instituting no prophylaxis, mechanical prophylaxis, and pharmacological prophylaxis (respectively) in hospitalized adults.

Conclusions:
LOS >30 days, cardiac catheterization, and major infection are significant independent risk factors for HA-VTE in critically-ill children with cardiac disease leading to the development of a novel HA-VTE risk score in this population. If prospectively validated, this risk score will inform the design of risk-stratified clinical trials of HA-VTE prevention.