bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantics and pragmatics of desemanticized numerological uses of atmospheric phenomena nominations
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Gryaznova V. M. , Klassova D. S. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Since the second half of the 20th century, scientists have become interested in the pragmatic side of language. This article discusses names with a figurative desemanticized numerological meaning «large (more than the norm, measures) quantity», combined in direct meaning into the lexical and semantic group "Atmospheric phenomena". The history of the emergence of these meanings, as well as the peculiarities of their functioning, is traced. The relevance of the study is determined by an attempt to analyze the figurative numerological values of atmospheric phenomena nominations in the spoken language of native speakers.
Materials and Methods. The words storm, rain, downpour, hurricane, squall are taken as the material. Based on the comparison of dictionary meanings, the lexemes were combined into the lexical and semantic group "Atmospheric phenomena". A comprehensive methodology, including the semantic method and the method of component analysis, made it possible to identify the features of the functioning of lexemes in speech and their lexical compatibility.
Analysis. The article examines the peculiarities of the semantics of each named nomination in numerological meaning, revealed changes in their content due to the development of the language, as well as discovered new semes in their content in everyday communication of native speakers. The analysis of examples of figurative uses of names of atmospheric phenomena in numerological meaning is carried out by highlighting individual components of meaning, including the component ‘a large number, a multitude’ with further identification of the ability to implement an identifying or characterizing function.
Results. The lexemes related to the LSG «Atmospheric phenomena» reveal differences in the pragmatic component. Some names are used by speakers in the figurative meaning of ‘a large number, a multitude’ often, others are rare and from a functional point of view serve only to directly designate the subject of reality. There are new examples of figurative numerological use of these lexemes, which have not yet been recorded by lexicographers in modern Russian.
Synonymic and hypero-hyponymic paradigm of the delimitation between media discourse and mass communication media discourse
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Shishkin B. A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Modern Russian media studies are characterized by a special property, namely the pluralization of opinions in the interpretation of the basic term for the discipline – media. The discrepancy in its interpretation is due to the existence of differential paradigms for understanding lexicalsemantic correlation with such a term as mass communication media: synonymic and hypero-hyponymic. As a result, this situation creates a number of obstacles for Russian media discourse and mass communication media discourse researchers to achieve a comprehensive understanding of their essence, which naturally actualizes the research problem. Therefore, in this article we set ourselves the goal of delimiting the two discourses from the angle of the synonymic and hypero-hyponymic paradigm.
Materials and Methods. The empirical material of the article included both Russian and foreign studies, monographic works, explanatory dictionaries, as well as textbooks in the field of media. In addition to general scientific research methods, the basis of the work was hermeneutic analysis, namely the lexical-hermeneutic technology of analysis. This technology was deepened through two methods: definitional analysis of dictionary entries and structuralnoematic method.
Analysis. The research consisted of four stages, illustrating the relationships of the structural elements of the textual communication model. Firstly, social reality and its connection with the consciousness of the author were explored. Secondly, the connection between the author’s consciousness and language was characterized. Thirdly, the languagebased production process of texts and its further addressing to the recipient (other researchers) was analyzed. Fourthly, existing ways of adjusting the interpretation of the terms media and mass communication media were demonstrated.
Results. The research results show a clear manifestation of the synonymic paradigm in the Russian scientific space, which can manifest itself in various disciplines. Moreover, the hypero-hyponymic paradigm is characteristic of foreign research and more narrow-profile Russian work. The use of both approaches and their combination generates a complex system that can describe not only high-level components of media discourse, but also low-level concepts of mass communication media discourse.
Financial Reporting Quality: A Review of Its Applications and Measurements
Authors: Alomair Abdulrahman
Published: December 2024

This study extensively examines various proxies used to capture financial reporting quality (FRQ), a critical factor in ensuring transparency in financial markets and maintaining robust corporate governance. Via conducting a comprehensive review of popular proxies from previous literature, the study emphasises the importance of FRQ in fostering investor confidence, supporting effective decision-making and enhancing overall financial market efficiency. The research systematically compares several models used to calculate discretionary accruals, a widely recognised proxy for earnings management. In doing so, it identifies the modified Jones model, developed by Dechow et al. (1995), and the performance-matched model, introduced by Kothari et al. (2005), as two of the most effective proxies for measuring FRQ. Furthermore, the study suggests that the performance-controlled model should be re-tested to ensure its theoretical consistency with the modified Jones model, potentially improving its applicability in future empirical research. Ultimately, this study contributes to the ongoing development of robust methodologies for accurately assessing FRQ and enhancing financial reporting standards.
KEYWORDS
Accruals model, corporate governance, discretionary accruals, earnings management, earnings persistence, market efficiency
Transitional probabilities outweigh frequency of occurrence in statistical learning of simultaneously presented visual shapes
Authors: Endress Ansgar D.
Published: December 2024

Statistical learning is a mechanism for detecting associations among co-occurring elements in many domains and species. A key controversy is whether it leads to memory for discrete chunks composed of these associated elements, or merely to pairwise associations among elements. Critical evidence for the mere-association view comes from the “phantom-word” phenomenon, where learners recognize statistically coherent but unattested items better than actually presented items with weaker internal associations, suggesting that they prioritize pairwise associations over memories for discrete units. However, this phenomenon has only been demonstrated for sequentially presented stimuli, but not for simultaneously presented visual shapes, where learners might prioritize discrete units over pairwise associations. Here, I ask whether the phantom-word phenomenon can be observed with simultaneously presented visual shapes. Learners were familiarized with scenes combining two triplets of visual shapes (hereafter “words”). They were then tested on their recognition of these words vs. part-words (attested items with weaker internal associations), of phantom-words (unattested items with strong internal associations) vs. part-words, and of words vs. phantom-words. Learners preferred both words and phantom-words over part-words and showed no preference for words over phantom-words. This suggests that, as for sequentially input, statistical learning in simultaneously presented shapes leads primarily to pairwise associations rather than to memories for discrete chunks. However, as, in some analyses, the preference for words over part-words was slightly higher than for phantom-words over part-words, the results do not rule out that, for simultaneous presented items, learners might have some limited sensitivity to frequency of occurrence.
The Effect of Social Media Source Credibility on Purchase Interest of Products from Online Stores
Authors: Saskara Bela , Achmad Nur
Published: December 2024

Social media marketing is now a dominant business strategy, with many companies using influencers to advertise their products. This study examines the effect of influencer credibility, which includes attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness, on consumer purchase intention through the mediation of consumer attitudes. This study uses a quantitative approach with data from 210 respondents collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS through SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results show that influencer credibility has a significant positive impact on consumer attitudes (p-value <0.05, t-statistic > 1.96), and consumer attitudes mediate the relationship between influencer credibility and purchase intention. Dimensions of credibility, such as attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness, significantly affect consumer responses to advertisements. Fadil Jaidi is able to convey authentic and relevant messages, thereby increasing consumer trust in JINISO products. This study emphasizes the importance of influencer credibility in building emotional engagement and increasing the effectiveness of digital marketing. These results support previous studies showing that influencer credibility can drive purchase intention through consumer attitudes, making influencers a strategic element in modern marketing communications.
Inadvertent neuromodulation during pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation – immediate and short-term effects of radiofrequency and cryogenic energy
Authors: Shalganov T. , Baltov I. , Ralchovski R. , Dostov I. , Stoyanov M.
Published: December 2024

Inadvertent vagal denervation has been reported as an adjunctive effect during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is not known how frequent and durable this effect is during thermal ablation. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study of consecutive patients with AF and first PVI in sinus rhythm using radiofrequency or cryogenic energy. We studied the incidence of non-targeted and non-transient heart rate (HR) acceleration, induction and abolition of vagal reflex (VR), as well as the durability of the HR increase at the end of the first month. Results: PVI was carried out in 102 patients (cryo, n = 46). Overall, 60 patients (58.8%) had inadvertent neuromodulation, presented by VR induction and abolition (n = 18, 17.6%) and predominantly by HR increase (n = 50, 49%). In patients with vs those without HR acceleration the mean HR increase at the end of the procedure was 14.2 ± 5.64 bpm vs. -2.63 ± 5.43 bpm, and at the next day – 10.6 ± 7.53 bpm vs. 3.68 ± 7.75 bpm (p < 0.001 for all). The mean HR at 1 month was 74.2 ± 9.91 bpm vs. 68.9 ± 12 bpm (p = 0.048). Patients with a durable HR increase were younger (median age 61 vs. 65.5 years, p = 0.016) and less frequently had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (1% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.031). Conclusion: Inadvertent neu-romodulation occurs in more than half of the patients with radiofrequency or cryo PVI for AF. It is mostly represented by a HR increase and persists for up to at least one month post-procedurally.
Moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) of Estonia
Authors: Oboňa Jozef , Kurina Olavi , Süda Ilmar , Ježek Jan
Published: December 2024

A fundamental prerequisite for understanding and protecting biodiversity is the construction of a high-quality faunal database. The primary objective of this study was to address knowledge gaps in the biodiversity of the family Psychodidae in Estonia. Faunistic data on 45 species of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Estonia are presented, including 30 new country-records. Sixteen species are considered important for nature conservation. An updated checklist of the family, comprising 71 species, is provided for the Baltic countries. Habitus photographs of selected Estonian species are also included.
Microscope-Integrated OCT-Assisted Real-time Monitoring of Central Corneal Thickness During Corneal Cross-linking
Authors: Sushma Nandyala , Sharma Shivam , Bari Aafreen , Agarwal Tushar , Dada Tanuj , Sharma Namrata
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To assess real-time intraoperative pachymetry changes occurring during corneal cross-linking (CXL) using microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (Mi-OCT) and compare accuracy of various modalities of pachymetry assessment.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional observational comparative study including 45 consecutive patients with progressive keratoconus planned for CXL. Mi-OCT (RESCAN 700) was used to measure central corneal thickness (CCT) during four stages of CXL: before epithelial debridement, after debridement, after riboflavin instillation, and after ultraviolet irradiation. Scheimpflug imaging, anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT), and ultrasound pachymetry were used to assess CCT preoperatively. All data were entered into Excel software (Microsoft Corporation) and analyzed.

Results

The CCT significantly decreased after each step of CXL as measured on Mi-OCT (
P
< .0001). Mi-OCT overestimated the CCT significantly by 1.12 times on average (range: 1.02 to 1.43) compared to ultrasound pachymetry (
P
= .0004). CCT measured using Scheimpflug imaging and anterior segment OCT was statistically comparable to ultrasound pachymetry.

Conclusions

Mi-OCT provides a real-time assessment of CCT during CXL. However, because it overestimates the pachymetry, ultrasound pachymetry remains the gold standard for decision-making during CXL.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(12):e934–e940.]
An Investigation of University Students' Attitudes Towards Artificial Intelligence Ethics
Authors: Asiksoy Gulsum
Published: December 2024

The increasing complexity and widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) underscore the importance of its ethical dimensions. Understanding diverse perspectives on AI ethics is crucial, especially among university students who will shape future technological advancements. This study aims to deeply examine university students’ attitudes toward AI ethics, focusing on fairness, transparency, privacy, responsibility, and non-maleficence. A mixed-methods approach was used. In the quantitative phase, 355 students from engineering (E) and education science (ES) programs were evaluated using the AI Ethics Attitudes Scale. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews with 23 students were thematically analyzed to gain detailed perspectives based on gender and discipline. The findings revealed significant gender-based differences in fairness and privacy, with female students scoring higher than male students. Interdisciplinary differences were evident in the transparency dimension, where ES students showed greater sensitivity. Interviews highlighted that female student emphasized legal compliance and data security more, whereas male students focused on financial information privacy. ES students prioritized user-friendly language and feedback and complaints in transparency discussions.
Le nocturne pianistique sous l’œil des théoriciens: contrainte et liberté de la forme
Authors: Frei Constance
Published: December 2024

De quelle manière les compositeurs du XIXe siècle structurent-ils le nocturne? Existe-t-il une forme fixe, propre à ce genre? Si Field et Chopin sont reconnus comme les «pères» du nocturne, il convient de se tourner également vers les ancêtres de cette «mise en scène sonore» – comme la sérénade –, porteurs d’une rhétorique de la nuit. Pour répondre à ces questions, une enquête s’impose à travers les sources qui émaillent l’histoire de la musique (XVIIe-XXe siècles): dictionnaires, encyclopédies, méthodes, journaux, préfaces et correspondances. L’objectif est ici de peindre le portrait structurel et formel du nocturne pianistique, un genre emblématique de l’ère romantique.
Os impasses da reversibilidade de perspectivas
Authors: Matos Adriana
Published: December 2024

Em Situating the self: gender, community and postmodernism in contemporary ethics, publicado em 1992, Seyla Benhabib propôs a ideia de reversibilidade de perspectivas, como um exercício real ou imaginado, por meio do qual poderíamos fazer presente a perspectiva do outro. Na sequência, Iris Young fez críticas ao conceito, problematizando a sua possibilidade e mesmo a sua desejabilidade. Para Young o problema é a ideia de simetria que fundamenta especialmente a sua versão imaginada. Através da análise dos argumentos apresentados nos textos, e da avaliação contextual de dois encontros com a questão negra nos Estados Unidos – o de Hannah Arendt e o da própria Benhabib – o artigo buscará questionar essa possibilidade, retomando as críticas de Young e as pretensões do conceito para a teoria democrática de Benhabib argumentando que há um impasse entre a necessidade do diálogo imaginado para a sua potencialidade para se pensar a política contemporânea e a sua impossibilidade e mesmo indesejabilidade.
Objections to the “global harm principle” with regard to migration policy
Authors: Borges David Gonçalves
Published: December 2024

This work points out problems that would arise from applying the “Global Harm Principle” (GHP), a non-ideal theory regarding global migrations. The Global Harm Principle derives from the “Harm Principle”, articulated by John Stuart Mill during the 19th century, expanded to include geopolitical relations and migratory flows. The article aims to refute GHP. Several objections are listed to demonstrate the unfeasibility of its implementation, through historical and socio-political reasoning, as well as thought experiments. We conclude by speculating that the deficiencies in GHP are due to its formulator, Shelley Wilcox, inadvertently falling into a fallacy of composition when expanding Mill’s reasoning to cover geopolitics and, afterwards, committing a fallacy of division when addressing harm compensation.
A Comparative Study on Force Deformation Behaviour of Fe and Cu-Based SMA with NiTi SMA
Authors: Shaikh Mohammad Yasir M.H. , Gur Sourav
Published: December 2024

Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloy (SMA) finds extensive applications, yet its high cost presents a challenge. As a cost-effective alternative, Fe and Cu-based SMAs have gained popularity. In this context, the present experimental study conducts tensile and cyclic tests on Ni-Ti, Cu-Al-Ni, and Fe-Mn-Si SMA bars to compare their mechanical behavior and assess their performance regarding stress-strain response, energy dissipation capacity, and residual deformation. The tensile test results show that Ni-Ti and Fe-based SMAs exhibit higher yield and ultimate stress, as well as failure strain, compared to Cu-based SMA. Moreover, cyclic tension-compression test results reveal that Ni-Ti SMA demonstrates a stable hysteresis loop with higher recovery residual strain compared to Cu-based and Fe-based SMAs. These findings underscore the potential of combining Ni-Ti and Fe-based SMAs as a viable alternative material for smart vibration control system design and retrofitting devices, offering higher energy dissipation capacity and larger ductility with good recentering ability.
Assessing the Heating Ability of Carbon Nanotubes-Fe3O4 Nanocomposites for Magnetic Hyperthermia Application
Authors: Sabik A. , Elamin M.R. , Lemine O.M. , Alshammari M. , Hjiri M. , Attoub Turki , Alonaizan Norah , Alanzi Ali Z. , Elansary Moustapha , Henini M. , Khatab A.
Published: December 2024

Recently, magnetic nanocomposites have demonstrated considerable potential for applications using magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). The synthesis of hybrid nanocomposites of carbon nanotubes-iron oxide (CNT-Fe3O­4) for radio-frequency hyperthermia therapy and the investigation of their heating efficiency at varying frequencies and field amplitudes of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) are reported. XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR and SQUID techniques have been employed to fully characterize the as-synthesized samples. XRD and FTIR results confirmed the successful fabrication of the nanocomposites. Magnetization (M) versus magnetic field strength (H) loops at room temperature revealed superparamagnetic behavior with saturation of 17 emu/g. Zero-field-cooled and field-cooled (ZFC-FC) curves showed that the blocking temperature (TB) was around 282 K. Heating abilities and SAR values as functions of frequency, field amplitude of AMF and concentration of nanoparticles were systematically investigated. Hyperthermia temperatures range can be attained in relatively short times for different concentrations of the nanocomposite. An enhancement in SAR was observed with decreasing concentrations and rising frequency and amplitude. Interestingly, the lowest dose of the nanocomposite (2.5 mg/ml) showed the greatest SAR (113W/g) and intrinsic loss power (ILP) of 1.86 nHm2/kg. This elevated ILP value falls into the range achieved by commercial ferrofluids (0.2−3.1 nHm2/kg). Lastly, according to linear response theory (LRT), SAR values depend on field amplitude. Overall, the obtained nanocomposites have a significant potential for use in cancer therapies involving hyperthermia, as indicated by their generally good heating efficiencies.
Falco columbarius insignis Clark 1907, a new taxon for Italy and Europe
Authors: Corso Andrea , Boano Giovanni
Published: December 2024

A Merlin (Falco columbarius) specimen collected in Piemonte (NW Italy) in the winter of 1952 and preserved in the “Admetos Rolando Barberis” collection is here attributed to F. c. insignis, a subspecies breeding in north-eastern Siberia, east of the Yenisey River. This form is reported for the first time in Italy and Europe.
Internet Addiction: Prevalence and Patterns among Professional College Students in Urban Area – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Oruganti Aditya , Muppa Jaya Chandra , Kolanati Balakrishna , Kavi Avinash
Published: December 2024

Background:

Internet addiction, characterized by excessive and compulsive online behavior, has become a global issue, particularly among students. India, with its rapidly growing internet population, is witnessing a surge in Internet addiction among youth and, especially professional college students.

Objectives:

This study aims to assess the prevalence and patterns of Internet addiction among medical and engineering college students in Belagavi, Karnataka.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 640 students (320 medical and 320 engineering) using simple random sampling. Data were collected from participants who have used the Internet for at least 6 months via a self-administered questionnaire, including Young’s Internet Addiction Scale, categorizing addiction into normal, mild, moderate, and severe levels. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results:

Of the medical students, 58.4% were moderately addicted, 32.5% were mildly addicted, and 6.3% were severely addicted. Among engineering students, 74.4% were moderately addicted, 15.6% were mildly addicted, and 8.4% were severely addicted. Engineering students exhibited significantly higher levels of addiction compared to medical students (P < 0.05), with behavioral differences in compulsive Internet use and emotional responses.

Conclusion:

The study reveals a high prevalence of Internet addiction among professional college students, with engineering students showing a higher tendency toward problematic use. These findings underscore the need for early intervention and awareness programs to address Internet addiction and its consequences on students’ well-being.
Stress and Coping Strategies among Nurses and Midwives during Assisted Vaginal Delivery in Pregnant Women with COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bagavathi R , Mathew Binu , Mudgal Shivangi , Kumari Ranjana , Chopra Sapna
Published: December 2024

Background:

COVID-19 pandemic was the most challenging issue which has induced unprecedented ramifications all over the world. During the pandemic, nurses and midwives were the pillars of health-care sector where they provide care to the patients, assist vaginal delivery, and provide emotional support too. However, psychological well-being of health-care professionals was somewhere lost. There is a lack of research regarding stress level and coping strategies among nurses and midwives within East Central India. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the stress and coping strategies among nurses and midwives during assisted vaginal delivery among COVID-19 pregnant women.

Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses and midwives who assisted vaginal delivery of COVID-19-affected pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital in East Central India. Data were collected through a validated online self-structured questionnaire; the COVID-19 Stress Scale was divided into five subdomains.

Results:

Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Findings revealed that majority (72%) of nurses and midwives were experiencing moderate stress while 65% had high level of coping strategies to be used during assisted vaginal delivery. A significant correlation was found between few domains of stress level and coping strategies (r = 0.260–0.302). Demographic variables were significantly associated with level of coping strategies.

Conclusion:

Majority of nurses and midwives experienced stress with high usage of coping strategies. However, evidence clearly mentioned that COVID-19 pandemic was the most challenging and devastating period, so health-care sector was the hummock for the population. However, it is recommended to make aware the people about hygiene taking utmost holistic care for nurses and midwives. It is vital to take emotional resilience into consideration for unpredictable future circumstances. Stress management program should be applied as an immediate measure to address the level of stress and its effectiveness should be checked longitudinally, with consideration of families and peers as well as nurses and midwives themselves.
On 3-diffeomorphisms with generalized Plykin attractors
Authors: Barinova Marina Konstantinovna , Kol'churina Ol'ga Aleksandrovna , Yakovlev Evgeniy Ivanovich
Published: December 2024

It is known that a nontrivial attractor coexists with trivial basic sets in the nonwandering set of an $\Omega$-stable 3-diffeomorphism if and only if it is either nonorientable one-dimensional or (orientable or not) expanding and two-dimensional. Examples of such diffeomorphisms were constructed previously, with the exception of the case of a nonorientable two-dimensional attractor. The paper fills this gap. In addition, it is constructively shown that the diffeomorphism obtained has an energy function, which extends thereby the class of cascades with global Lyapunov function whose set of critical points coincides with the nonwandering set of the dynamical system.
Bibliography: 20 titles.
Numerical-analytic construction of a generalized solution to the eikonal equation in the plane case
Authors: Lebedev Pavel Dmitrievich , Uspenskii Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2024

In the 1970s Kruzhkov introduced the concept of a generalized solution to the eikonal equation, and, for a medium of constant refractive index, indicated a class of functions containing the generalized solution to the Dirichlet boundary value problem. We present constructive methods for finding such a solution in the plane case. Nonsmooth singularities are known to develop in generalized solutions owing to the presence of pseudovertices, which are singular points of the boundary of the boundary set. Identifying such pseudovertices is related to finding fixed points of mappings formed in a local reparameterization of this boundary. We obtain necessary conditions for the existence of pseudovertices in the case when the curvature of the parametrically defined boundary of boundary sets is not smooth. These conditions are written as an equation for the pseudovertex marker (a numerical measure of the local nonconvexity of the boundary set). This equation, which has the typical structure of constructions involving fixed points, can be reduced to an algebraic equation. The solution of this equation (the marker) is found analytically if the curvature of the boundary of the boundary set has a nonsmooth extremum at a pseudovertex. We also give an example of a numerical-analytic construction of a generalized solution to the boundary value problem, with indication of the singular set and the evolution of wave fronts.
Bibliography: 29 titles.
FANNG-MPC: Framework for Artificial Neural Networks and Generic MPC
Authors: Aaraj Najwa , Aly Abdelrahaman , Güneysu Tim , Marcolla Chiara , Mono Johannes , Paludo Rogerio , Santos-González Iván , Scholz Mireia , Soria-Vazquez Eduardo , Sucasas Victor , Suresh Ajith
Published: December 2024

In this work, we introduce FANNG-MPC, a versatile secure multi-party computation framework capable to offer active security for privacy-preserving machine learning as a service (MLaaS). Derived from the now deprecated SCALE-MAMBA, FANNG is a data-oriented fork, featuring novel set of libraries and instructions for realizing private neural networks, effectively reviving the popular framework. To the best of our knowledge, FANNG is the first MPC framework to offer actively secure MLaaS in the dishonest majority setting.FANNG goes beyond SCALE-MAMBA by decoupling offline and online phases and materializing the dealer model in software, enabling a separate set of entities to produce offline material. The framework incorporates database support, a new instruction set for pre-processed material, including garbled circuits and convolutional and matrix multiplication triples. FANNG also implements novel private comparison protocols and an optimized library supporting Neural Network functionality. All our theoretical claims are substantiated by an extensive evaluation using an open-sourced implementation, including the private inference of popular neural networks like LeNet and VGG16.
Bit t-SNI Secure Multiplication Gadget for Inner Product Masking
Authors: Gaspoz John , Dhooghe Siemen
Published: December 2024

Masking is a sound countermeasure to protect against differential power analysis. Since the work by Balasch et al. in ASIACRYPT 2012, inner product masking has been explored as an alternative to the well known Boolean masking. In CARDIS 2017, Poussier et al. showed that inner product masking achieves higherorder security versus Boolean masking, for the same shared size, in the bit-probing model. Wang et al. in TCHES 2020 verified the inner product masking’s security order amplification in practice and proposed new gadgets for inner product masking. Finally, Wu et al. in TCHES 2022 showed that this security amplification comes from the bit-probing model, but that Wang et al.’s gadgets are not higher-order bitprobing secure reducing the computation’s practical security. The authors concluded their work with the open question of providing an inner product multiplication gadget which maintains the masking’s bit-probing security, and conjectured that such gadget maintains the practical security order amplification of the masking during its computation.In this paper, we answer positively to Wu et al.’s open problems. We are the first to present a multiplication gadget for inner product masking which is proven secure in the bit-level probing model using the t-Strong Non-Interference (SNI) property. Moreover, we provide practical evidence that the gadget indeed maintains the security amplification of its masking. This is done via an evaluation of an assembly implementation of the gadget on an ARM Cortex-M4 core. We used this implementation to take leakage measurements and show no leakage happens for orders below the gadget’s bit-probing security level either for its univariate or multivariate analysis.
Trace Copilot: Automatically Locating Cryptographic Operations in Side-Channel Traces by Firmware Binary Instrumenting
Authors: Qu Shipei , Wang Yuxuan , Yu Jintong , Zhang Chi , Gu Dawu
Published: December 2024

A common assumption in side-channel analysis is that the attacker knows the cryptographic algorithm implementation of the victim. However, many labsetting studies implicitly extend this assumption to the knowledge of the source code, by inserting triggers to measure, locate or align the Cryptographic Operations (CO) in the trace. For real-world attacks, the source code is typically unavailable, which poses a challenge for locating the COs thus reducing the effectiveness of many methods. In contrast, obtaining the (partial) binary firmware is more prevalent in practical attacks on embedded devices. While binary code theoretically encapsulates necessary information for side-channel attacks on software-implemented cryptographic algorithms, there is no systematic study on leveraging this information to facilitate side-channel analysis. This paper introduces a novel and general framework that utilizes binary information for the automated locating of COs on side-channel traces. We first present a mechanism that maps the execution flow of binary instructions onto the corresponding side-channel trace through a tailored static binary instrumentation process, thereby transforming the challenge of locating COs into one of tracing cryptographic code execution within the binary. For the latter, we propose a method to retrieve binary instruction addresses that are equivalent to the segmenting boundaries of the COs within side-channel traces. By identifying the mapping points of these instructions on the trace, we can obtain accurate segmentation labeling for the sidechannel data. Further, by employing the well-labeled side-channel segments obtained on a profiling device, we can readily identify the locations of COs within traces collected from un-controllable target devices. We evaluate our approach on various devices and cryptographic software, including a real-world secure boot program. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, which can automatically locate typical COs, such as AES or ECDSA, in raw traces using only the binary firmware and a profiling device. Comparison experiments indicate that our method outperforms existing techniques in handling noisy or jittery traces and scales better to complex COs. Performance evaluation confirms that the runtime and storage overheads of the proposed approach are practical for real-world deployment.
OT-PCA: New Key-Recovery Plaintext-Checking Oracle Based Side-Channel Attacks on HQC with Offline Templates
Authors: Dong Haiyue , Guo Qian
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we introduce OT-PCA, a novel approach for conducting Plaintext-Checking (PC) oracle based side-channel attacks, specifically designed for Hamming Quasi-Cyclic (HQC). By calling the publicly accessible HQC decoder, we build offline templates that enable efficient extraction of soft information for hundreds of secret positions with just a single PC oracle call. Our method addresses critical challenges in optimizing key-related information extraction, including maximizing decryption output entropy and ensuring error pattern independence, through the use of genetic-style algorithms.Extensive simulations demonstrate that our new attack method significantly reduces the required number of oracle calls, achieving a 2.4-fold decrease for hqc-128 and even greater reductions for hqc-192 and hqc-256 compared to current state-of-the-art methods. Notably, the attack shows strong resilience against inaccuracy in the PC oracle—when the oracle accuracy decreases to 95%, the reduction factor in oracle call requirements increases to 7.6 for hqc-128.Lastly, a real-world evaluation conducted using power analysis on a platform with an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller validates the practical applicability and effectiveness of our approach.
Trojan Insertion versus Layout Defenses for Modern ICs: Red-versus-Blue Teaming in a Competitive Community Effort
Authors: Knechtel Johann , Eslami Mohammad , Zou Peng , Wei Min , Tong Xingyu , Qiu Binggang , Cai Zhijie , Chen Guohao , Zhu Benchao , Li Jiawei , Yu Jun , Chen Jianli , Chiu Chun-Wei , Hsieh Min-Feng , Ou Chia-Hsiu , Wang Ting-Chi , Fu Bangqi , Wang Qijing , Sun Yang , Luo Qin , Lau Anthony W. H. , Wang Fangzhou , Young Evangeline F. Y. , Bi Shunyang , Guo Guangxin , Wu Haonan , Tang Zhengguang , You Hailong , Li Cong , Karri Ramesh , Sinanoglu Ozgur , Pagliarini Samuel
Published: December 2024

Hardware Trojans (HTs) are a longstanding threat to secure computation. Among different threat models, it is the fabrication-time insertion of additional malicious logic directly into the layout of integrated circuits (ICs) that constitutes the most versatile, yet challenging scenario, for both attackers and defenders.Here, we present a large-scale, first-of-its-kind community effort through red-versus-blue teaming that thoroughly explores this threat. Four independently competing blue teams of 23 IC designers in total had to analyze and fix vulnerabilities of representative IC layouts at the pre-silicon stage, whereas a red team of 3 experts in hardware security and IC design continuously pushed the boundaries of these defense efforts through different HTs and novel insertion techniques. Importantly, we find that, despite the blue teams’ commendable design efforts, even highly-optimized layouts retained at least some exploitable vulnerabilities.Our effort follows a real-world setting for a modern 7nm technology node and industrygrade tooling for IC design, all embedded into a fully-automated and extensible benchmarking framework. To ensure the relevance of this work, strict rules that adhere to real-world requirements for IC design and manufacturing were postulated by the organizers. For example, not a single violation for timing and design-rule checks were allowed for defense techniques. Besides, in an advancement over prior art, neither red nor blue teams were allowed to use any so-called fillers and spares for trivial attack or defense approaches.Finally, we release all methods and artifacts: the representative IC layouts and HTs, the devised attack and defense techniques, the evaluation metrics and setup, the technology setup and commercial-grade reference flow for IC design, the encompassing benchmarking framework, and all best results. This full release enables the community to continue exploring this important challenge for hardware security, in particular to focus on the urgent need for further advancements in defense strategies.
Optimized One-Dimensional SQIsign Verification on Intel and Cortex-M4
Authors: Aardal Marius A. , Adj Gora , Alblooshi Arwa , Aranha Diego F. , Canales-Martínez Isaac A. , Chávez-Saab Jorge , Gazzoni Filho Décio Luiz , Reijnders Krijn , Rodríguez-Henríquez Francisco
Published: December 2024

SQIsign is a well-known post-quantum signature scheme due to its small combined signature and public-key size. However, SQIsign suffers from notably long signing times, and verification times are not short either. To improve this, recent research has explored both one-dimensional and two-dimensional variants of SQIsign, each with distinct characteristics. In particular, SQIsign2D’s efficient signing and verification times have made it a focal point of recent research. However, the absence of an optimized one-dimensional verification implementation hampers a thorough comparison between these different variants. This work bridges this gap in the literature: we provide a state-of-the-art implementation of one-dimensional SQIsign verification, including novel optimizations. We report a record-breaking one-dimensional SQIsign verification time of 8.55 Mcycles on a Raptor Lake Intel processor, closely matching SQIsign2D on the same processor. For uncompressed signatures, the signature size doubles and we verify in only 5.6 Mcycles. Taking advantage of the inherent parallelism available in isogeny computations, we present 5-core variants that can go as low as 1.3 Mcycles. Furthermore, we present the first implementation that supports both 32-bit and 64-bit processors. It includes optimized assembly code for the Cortex-M4 and has been integrated with the pqm4 project. Our results motivate further research into one-dimensional SQIsign, as it boasts unique features among isogeny-based schemes.
Random Probing Security with Precomputation
Authors: Wang Bohan , Ji Fanjie , Sun Yiteng , Wang Weijia
Published: December 2024

At Eurocrypt 2014, Duc, Dziembowski and Faust proposed the random probing model to bridge the gap between the probing model proposed at Crypto 2003 and the noisy model proposed at Eurocrypt 2013. Compared with the probing model whose noise in the leakages should (linearly) increase with the number of shares, the random probing model allows each variable leak its value with a probability p, which reflects the physical reality of side channels much better. In Crypto 2020, Belaïd et al. proposed the Random Probing Expandability (RPE) security ensuring the random probing security for arbitrary order masking algorithms with constant leakage probability. However, the complexity of existing RPE algorithms is much higher than that of the probing secure algorithms, which is short of practical usage. In this paper, we investigate the random probing security with precomputation, where a masked cryptographic implementation can be divided into two phases. The first phase, called preprocessing, takes random bits and returns a number of precomputed values. The second phase, called online computation, takes input (e.g., plaintext and shares of secret) and precomputed values to calculate output (e.g., ciphertext) efficiently. We describe a random probing secure precomputable scheme, which transforms an arbitrary circuit compiler with tolerant leakage probability p into a precomputable one by adding a public (but random) share that is calculated in the online phase and the tolerant leakage probability of the new compiler is min{p, 2−5.01}. Then, we apply the new scheme to the bitsliced AES. Notably, the implementation under ARM Cortex M architecture shows that the performance of the online phase is significantly improved and even comparable to masking schemes only secure in the probing model.
IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (PAI)” DALAM LINGKUP METODOLOGI PEMBELAJARAN NILAI-NILAI AKHLAK
Authors: Rizal Syamsul , M Amril
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami implementasi kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam dalam lingkup pembelajaran nilai-nilai akhlak. Dalam penelitian ini menfokuskan kepada implementasi kurikulum pendidikan agama islam serta memahami implikasi dalam aspek kehidupan yang berakhlak bagi peserta didik. Tujuan dari kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam adalah untuk mendorong siswa untuk meningkatkan iman dan ketaatan mereka kepada Allah. ﷺ serta menumbuhkan akhlak mulia. Metode penelitian ini merupakan Studi kepustakaan dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data dari buku dan artikel yang relevan. Solusi untuk menerapkan kurikulum PAI dalam metodologi pembelajaran nilai-nilai akhlak dapat berupa berbagai hal, seperti: 1) Peserta didik harus memiliki akhlak yang baik (akhlakul karimah), baik terhadap Allah, terhadap    diri sendiri, ataupun terhadap sesame manusia. 2) Guru PAI harus lebih mahir dalam melaksanakan pembelajran, terutama dalam hal metode dan pendekatan pembelajaran nilai-nilai akhlak. 3) Orang tua di rumah dan masyarakat luas harus bekerja sama untuk membuat lingkungan di rumah dan masyarakat luas lebih baik. 4) Guru PAI harus menggunakan pendekatan yang inovatif, kreatif, dan variatif. 5) Media pembelajaran harus dibuat lebih menarik sedemikian rupa. 6) Pembentukan moral siswa melalui pembiasaan dan pembinaan secara konsisten harus ditingkatkan.
Performance Analysis of Two-stage Uniform Quantization of Laplacian Data
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Department of Telecommunications, Niš, Serbia, Perić Sofija , Jovanović Aleksandra ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Department of Telecommunications, Niš, Serbia, Perić Zoran ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Department of Telecommunications, Niš, Serbia, Nikolić Jelena ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Department of Telecommunications, Niš, Serbia
Published: December 2024

Residual quantization decomposes the quantization process into smaller ones, achieving a very small quantization error with significantly reduced computational costs. In this paper, we explore the application of the residual concept in two-stage uniform quantization (TSUQ). TSUQ employs two uniform quantizers, one in the first stage to quantize the value of the input data using R1 bits and the other in the second stage to quantize the residual error of the previous stage using R2 bits. We analyze the TSUQ of Laplacian data, covering the following aspects: i) we determine the signal to quantization noise ratio (SQNR) for different (R1, R2) pairs, ii) we estimate the gain in SQNR achieved by quantization of residual error, and iii) we examine the robustness of SQNR to changes in the variance of the data being quantized. The conducted analysis can be useful in evaluating the performance of a particular TSUQ. Moreover, it can be useful in designing a TSUQ by enabling the determination of R1 and R2 that provide the highest SQNR.
The Role of Blockchain in Sustainable Performance for MSMEs in Indonesia
Authors: Susilawati Made , Utami Eva Yuniarti , Jaenudin Jejen , Mulatsih Listiana Sri , Ghozali Mohamad , Atarmawan Rita J. D. , Kurniyanto Ifan Rizky
Published: December 2024

Objective: The very exponential development of technology in the current era as well as disruption technology makes the challenges of industry 4.0 both a challenge and an opportunity that must be faced by MSMEs in Indonesia to ensure the competitive ability of SMEs in competing in a wider market.
 
Theoretical Framework: This research aims to determine the influence of the role of blockchain in sustainable performance for MSMEs in Indonesia.
 
Method: The research is exploratory descriptive research with a quantitative grounded theory approach. The grounded theory approach is an approach that prioritizes empirical findings which are used as a tool to narrate research results so that the results are more complete. The research sample was SMEs, totaling 150 respondents.
 
Results and Discussion: The results of this research analysis have foundSupply chain and financial performance influence blockchain technology. Supply chains and financial performance also influence sustainable performance. Blockchain technology has an influence on sustainable performance. Blockchain technology is able to mediate the relationship between supply chain and financial performance towards sustainable performance.
 
Research Implications: The growth of SMEs in Indonesia cannot be separated from the role of financing institutions, both from the banking and non-banking sectors. Thus, technological developments need to be responded to positively in an effort to create business sustainability.
 
Originality/Value:In further research, new variables can be added that have not been studied in this research.