bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unpacking Cultural Bias in AI Language Learning Tools: An Analysis of Impacts and Strategies for Inclusion in Diverse Educational Settings
Authors: Lewis André Alexus
Published: February 2025

AI programs that help us learn languages are commonly used in various classrooms; however, they often include some forms of prejudice preventing their productivity. This research scrutinizes them meticulously by following up on the results obtained from questionnaires, interviews, and the analysis of data derived from four artificial intelligence platforms. It was found that there is a reduction of more than 30% in the participation of minority students when such biases are clear, signaling alarms for extra comprehensive datasets on which to base further research in the field of AI. It suggests a proposed framework called ‘METAL’ (Multicultural Education through Technology Assisted Learning) aimed at promoting multiculturalism within these apps amongst others. The suggested ways forward comprise integrating multi-cultural content as well as adopting adaptive algorithms that respect specific customs situated in various societies worldwide. Therefore, there is a need for AI tools redesigned to cater to all learners’ needs, thus enhancing educational development as a whole.
The Legacy of Du Bois and Garveyism: Assessing the Role of Leadership and Ideological Unity in Africa’s Development
Authors: Nduneseokwu Nnamdi C. , Modest Obiasoanya Kosiso , Chinedu Wilson Ifemjika , Chukwubueze Ezeanata Peter , Chimezie Akunna Christian
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the enduring legacies of W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey, two iconic figures whose ideologies have profoundly influenced leadership and ideological unity in Africa. While Du Bois emphasized intellectual leadership and collective progress through education and advocacy, Garvey championed grassroots mobilization and economic self-reliance. Both men, despite their differences, shared a vision of empowerment and liberation for African peoples. The study examines the significance of their contributions to shaping leadership models and fostering ideological unity within the African context. Through a comparative analysis of their philosophies, this paper delves into how their ideas have shaped Pan-Africanism and continue to resonate in contemporary efforts toward Africa’s development. Key findings reveal that African leadership must embrace moral responsibility, cultural stewardship, and inclusivity to overcome modern challenges. Ideological unity, though complex in a diverse continent, is critical for fostering collaboration and collective progress. The implications of these insights point to practical policy recommendations for African leaders, including investing in education, promoting cultural pride, and empowering grassroots movements for sustainable development. This study underscores the relevance of revisiting Du Bois and Garvey’s legacies to inspire innovative approaches to leadership and unity in Africa, offering a pathway to realizing the continent’s vast potential.
Impact of Various Stitch Classes and Seam Types on Seam Strength
Authors: Hossain Nusrat Tahmida
Published: February 2025

The longevity of apparel can be increased by choosing suitable types of fabric, thread and seam class. Basic choices include type, thread, cloth, and seam. Components of clothing stability seam strength, strength efficiency, puckering, slippage, boldness, and appearance are factors that affect seam quality. Any completed garment product’s strength and seam look are both utilitarian and aesthetically pleasing features. Both are thought to be crucial elements that affect how long a garment will last. The primary focus of this study report is the effect of stitch type and seam type on the stipulated SPI values for seam strength in cotton denim fabric. To assess the fabric’s seam strength a tensile strength tester was used. In this study, four distinct seam types lapped seam, bound seam, flat seam, and superimposed seam with a stitch density of 11 stitches per inch (SPI) on denim fabric are assessed for seam strength utilizing stitch types 301, 401, and 602. The outcome demonstrated that these elements have an impact on the garments’ overall seam performance. For the same SPI, stitch class 602 has a stronger seam than other stitch classes. A prominent textile company called Mamiya-OP (Bangladesh) Ltd. provided a laboratory for testing the numerous seam section samples that were made for this study.
Teaching Approaches and Motivational Strategies on Malaysian Tertiary Learners' Speaking Engagement
Authors: Izaddin Radin Mardhiana binti , Ismail Hanita Hanim
Published: February 2025

Today, it still seems quite difficult for Malaysian tertiary learners to speak in English fluently. It has to do with language anxiety, limited exposure, and the fear of being judged. This study looks at teaching approaches and motivational strategies for effectively engaging learners in speaking. It seeks to adopt qualitative research with Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), and blended learning to see how pedagogically targeted approaches and culturally sensitive practices could apply to problems related to attrition from participation. Semi-structured interviews, one with an experienced ESL teacher and the other with a learner in higher education, provide information on how integration of collaborative activities, gamified learning tools, and positive reinforcement can translate into fluency and lessen anxiety. Practical recommendations are made with respect to developing inclusive yet vibrant classrooms emphasizing cultural sensitivity and adaptation strategies in overcoming barricades to English speaking participation.
Developing a Professional Scepticism Competency Model for Accounting Students: Preparing for the Future of Work
Authors: Yassin Nur Dafina Afiqah Mohd , Ghani Erlane K , Muhammad Kamaruzzaman , Johari Razana Juhaida
Published: February 2025

Recent fraud occurrences have heightened concerns over the lack of professional scepticism among accountants required to detect fraudulent activities and uphold the integrity of financial reporting. Hence, this study seeks to establish a competency model for professional scepticism among accounting students at Malaysian public universities and prepare them for future employment. Specifically, this study examines the elements influencing students’ professional scepticism, including their academic backgrounds and motivations, and how the present curriculum impacts their critical thinking and decision-making abilities. Using a questionnaire survey as the research instrument, this study focuses on first- and final-year accounting students. The findings of this study can help universities develop a novel teaching approach that enhances students’ professional scepticism, thereby improving their marketability and efficacy as future accountants. Furthermore, the findings of this study can provide guidance for the revision of university curriculum to enhance graduate preparedness. This may thus aid in the prevention of workplace fraud and mismanagement, thereby significantly enhancing the quality of accounting education in Malaysia.
Legislative Effectiveness: The legislative performance of house representatives of the 16th Philippine Congress
Authors: Baroman Joanna Marie
Published: February 2025

Policymakers’ legislative performances guide constituents for informed electoral choices. However, the lack of empirical inquiry on the legislative effectiveness of the members of the House of Representatives in the Philippines subjected constituents to rely on 'self-legislative' reporting among incumbents seeking re-election. This study aims to determine the legislative effectiveness of the House members of the 16th Congress using their primary authored bills. Utilizing the Legislative Effectiveness Model (LEM), the sponsored bills are weighted and computed to become the individual member's Legislative Effectiveness Score (LES). The study further investigated variables that affect the legislative effectiveness of House representatives. Results revealed that during the 16th Congress, House members filed an average of 24 bills within the three-year term. Additionally, each member's legislative effectiveness is improved by chairmanship to legislative committees, either standing or special. The study concluded that the 16th Congress House of Representatives comprises policymakers who are averagely effective in pushing for policy preferences into the legislative process and to laws.
A Year in Review: Key Milestones & Achievements of the European Journal of Geography in 2024
Authors:   National Technical University of Athens, Greece, Bartzokas-Tsiompras Alexandros , Koutsopoulos Kostis C.
Published: February 2025

The European Journal of Geography (EJG) Annual Report 2024 reflects on the pivotal role geography plays in addressing some of the most pressing challenges of our time, including climate change, urbanisation, geopolitical instability, and the rapid pace of digital transformation. The report highlights how geography continues to offer valuable insights and practical solutions for issues such as sustainable urban development, geography education, and societal transformation. In 2024, the journal published 24 thought-provoking articles spanning topics from urban geography to social inequality, underscoring its commitment to fostering meaningful interdisciplinary dialogue. As EJG’s global recognition grows, it continues to attract high-quality contributions and achieve notable success in major academic indexes. Looking ahead, the journal remains dedicated to advancing geographical research that addresses urgent European and global issues, welcoming new voices to shape the future of geography in 2025 and beyond.
The Elements of Emotional Design Needs for Cantonese-Style Chairs
Authors: Yongjun Ye , Azahari Mustaffa Halabi Bin
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the elements of emotional design needs of young consumers for Cantonese-style chairs, revealing their design preferences and emotional resonance within the context of modern consumption. Through semi-structured interviews with 30 young consumers aged 18 to 35, data analysis was conducted using grounded theory's three-level coding, resulting in the identification of three core categories and their corresponding emotional demand dimensions. The findings indicate that the emotional needs of young consumers for Cantonese-style chairs primarily manifest in three aspects: appearance appeal, pleasure of use, and emotional value reflection. Specifically, appearance appeal encompasses dimensions such as the chair's form, color, material, decoration, and structure; pleasure of use emphasizes functional practicality, ease of use, comfort, and safety and reliability; emotional value reflection includes personal, social, and co-creation emotional values. These findings provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the emotional design of Cantonese-style chairs, promoting innovation and development in the design of traditional Cantonese-style chairs.
Post-Covid-19 Impacts on Socio-economic and Livelihood Patterns: An Empirical Study on Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Shanta Mahbuba Akter , Suman Shihab Uddin , Kibria Md Golam
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on local livelihoods as a result rapid  vulnerabilities have been arising after the pandemic in the rural areas of Bangladesh. This study  tried to show the crucial impacts of post-COVID-19 on socio-economic and livelihood patterns  on Bangladeshi lower-income group people including employment, agricultural, and business  sectors working people. This study employed a mixed-method approach, including both  qualitative and quantitative methods, and following the convenience sampling method, a total  of 300 respondents were interviewed for quantitative data and 25 in-depth interviews for  qualitative information from three sectors of the rural areas of the Satkhira district of  Bangladesh. Research findings showed that, Chi-square calculated value is = 13.20054 and  Critical value or chi-square tabular value is = 12.59159 that’s indicates Calculated value >  Critical value 13.20054 > 12.59159 so the Null hypothesis (There is no severe impact of post COVID-19 on local livelihoods) is rejected and the Alternative hypothesis (There is severe impact of post COVID-19 on local livelihoods) is accepted. Major findings are that there were crucial effects of the pandemic on the socio-economic well-being of the marginal people, then  the crucial impacts on their livelihood patterns, job uncertainty, etc. At the end of this  study, this paper will require support from the relevant authorities to undertake measures for  the well-being of the vulnerable group of people from the agriculture sector, business sector &  employment sector to continue their functions. So to minimize the worst impacts of post COVID-19 on local livelihoods immediate policy responses and Govt. assistance are required  in both these sectors.
Determinants of Physical and Mental Health: A Cross-sectional Study among Rural Adolescent Girls in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mahmud  , Mia Md Tuhin , Eva Esrat Jahan , Naima Ahasan  , Chayon Sikder
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the determinants of physical and mental health  changes & problems among rural adolescent girls in Bangladesh. Methods: The study was  conducted with 400 participants (adolescent girls) by using convenient sampling technique  where Chi-squared tests were used to measure the relationships between physical & mental  health determinants of adolescent girls and socio-demographic indicators (age & family  income). Findings: This study explored menstruation (72%), breast growing (14%), changes  in vocal chores (6%), increasing hair in different parts of body (4%) and changes in size of  sexual organs (2%) are the major physical health changes of adolescents. They also acquired  some mental health changes e.g., attraction to opposite sex (76%), repeated changes in mood  (43%), conscious about dress up (24%), feeling shyness (22%), feeling overly sensitive (8%),  conflicting thoughts (13%) and feeling uncertain (11%) etc. In this transition period,  adolescent girls also face some physical & mental health problems. Physical weakness  (14.2%), headache (82.8), vomiting (0.8%) and depression (54.2%), anxiety (5.5%), mental  retired/stress (20.2%, mental distortion/sadness (9%) & fear (9.3%) are the common physical  & mental health problems they experienced at this time. Originality: This study reveals the  major physical and mental health determinants of adolescent girls with their physical &  mental health vulnerabilities. As the most vulnerable group, rural adolescent girls (poor  family income) suffer more vulnerability (physical & mental health problems) during their  adolescent period.
Comparative Study on the Social Psychology of Designed and Un-designed University Campus
Authors: Anik Mohammad Rakibul Islam , Zohora Fatema Tuz , Basure Ashefa Washema , Rahman Iftekhar
Published: February 2025

This comparative Study on the Social Psychology of Designed and Undesigned Campuses  examines how a campus's intentionally or unintentionally designed landscape components  influence students’ psychological impacts, attendance and social interactions. It is conducted  by a designed online questionnaire based on the components of landscape desirability and  students’ mental health responses to that such as understanding, exploration, compatibility with  the desire for participation, and depression and anxiety. The questionnaire was given to a total  of 100 university students. The sampling method was random clustering based on public and  private university categories. The data from the questionnaire was analyzed using statistical  methods and comparison techniques. The ultimate goal is to compare and prioritize the  desirability factors of the designed landscape on campuses, and the student's attendance at the  university which can assist universities in creating environments that promote positive  student experiences, reduce mental health issues, and increase attendance and social  involvement. This study can inform future campus development, enhancing the entire  educational experience and promoting student achievement through well-designed spaces.
Students' Use of Smartphone Apps in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Hajjaj Amir
Published: February 2025

This study explores the Higher Education (HE) learners’ attitude toward using the Smartphone One Lesson Apps (SOLA) as a proactive browser for the topics and skills of the next lesson in the class rooms of Higher Education Institutes (HEIs). A sample of Omani students from different sections of the Foundation Program of Information Technology (FPIT) of the Foundation Program Level (FPL) at the University of Technology and Applied Science (UTAS-Salalah in Oman) had been encouraged to complete the designed survey for this purpose using a 5-points likert-scale. The collected data was formatted and analyzed using SPSS. The outcomes showed that the respondents mostly used the SOLA for proactive review and practice, which led to well prepared for the next lesson’s objectives and skills, thus improving the FPIT system and the desired skills as well. Moreover, the respondents in general offered positive attitudes toward the SOLA. Furthermore, the results propose motivated and ambitious inferences for utilizing SOLA applications in FPIT and other courses in the HEIs
The Effect of Export Concentration on Economic Development in Iraqs
Authors: Rahim Mayada Hassan , Hassan Qais Mahdi
Published: February 2025

The research summarizes how to present and analyze the problem of export concentration in the Iraqi trade balance in terms of quality and quantity, which shows that crude oil accounts for the largest proportion of the structure of commodity exports in Iraq, as is the case with most Arab and non-Arab countries that still depend on oil to finance their annual expenses. It also addresses the most important methods and proposals to address the problem. This comes through following two main policies, one of which is applied in the short term and the second is applied in the long term, and each of them includes sub-policies that are subordinate to it and interconnected with each other. We see that following these two policies is very necessary in order to achieve sustainable and comprehensive economic development in Iraq, which can be applied in all oil countries that depend on extractive raw materials to achieve their imports. When following these two short- and long-term policies, we guarantee getting rid of all the problems of backwardness and lagging behind developed countries, and we can keep pace with global economic development and catch up with progress. The qualitative imbalance in the Iraqi trade balance can be reversed and concentration can be made a good feature essential for developing other economic sectors. Despite our disagreement about the concentration of exports, it results in many risks that cannot be We estimate its effects, whatever they may be, but we deal with it according to a realistic vision that is in line with the variables and to actually achieve a qualitative transition and a real change in the trade balance, in order to achieve economic development.
An Exploratory Study on the Effects of Digitization on Indian Youth, Their Social Competencies and Intergenerational Relations, from Mumbai City
Authors: Dr. Abhijeet Mohite  , Dr. Anju Kapoor  , Ms. Ananya Rajesh Deolalkar
Published: February 2025

This study explores the impact of constant digital connection, particularly smartphones, on youth. It examines how device use affects social behaviour, health, and family dynamics. The research investigates a gap where youth and parental perspectives haven't been combined. By analyzing consumption patterns and their impact on mental and physical health, the study aims to understand the complex consequences of digital dependence on young people and their relationships
Hybrid vs. Traditional : Work Arrangements and Family Dynamics for Females With Young Children
Authors: Dr. Abhijeet Mohite  , Dr. Anju Kapoor  , Ms. Yashmi Shah
Published: February 2025

This research examines how different work arrangements affect the balance between work and family life for working women with young children in Mumbai, India. The study compares women who follow traditional work schedules with those who work in a hybrid model (a mix of working from home and in an office). The findings show that while hybrid arrangements can be beneficial for managing family responsibilities, they can also lead to conflicts between work and family life. Overall, the research highlights the complex relationship between work and family life for working women and the need for workplace policies that support their needs
Comparative Liturgy: A Study of New Congregations in Liberation Theology and Dalit Buddhism
Authors: Choudhury Soumyabrata
Published: February 2025

This essay will study the relationship of religion and politics in the context of two specific liturgical practices. These practices originate in the historical congregations formed during the Liberation Theology movement in Latin America and in the context of the neo-Buddhist Ambedkarite movements in India. The idea of the congregation will be articulated with the liturgical logic of “public service” in so far as the Greek word(s) for liturgy refers both to the physical assembly of citizens and the structural capacity for creating a space for the “common.” Coupling congregation with the collective sharing of a “common feeling” (Ambedkar) provides the essential material for a political analysis of two historical societies of the global South. In the case of Chile, from the time of the reign of Pinochet, political resistance came from several quarters, including that of the Christian religion, not as practiced by the Church but as a subversive challenge posed by Liberation Theology. The Ambedkarite conversion from Hinduism to Buddhism in 1956 created a strange conjuncture, wherein conversion both signified liberation from the erstwhile religious oppression of the Hindus and the entry into a new form of communitarian thought. But the future of such an act of conversion could only be realized in history if the forms of thought of a new Buddhism were to be actualized in real ethical-political practices of a people called Dalits, which means being oppressed. This paper will confront the precarious task of a comparative analysis of incommensurable situations and affirm the political universalism of a world-historical tradition of the oppressed/Dalit.
Dressing Asian to Look European: Chilean Writers Facing World Literature
Authors: Morán Pablo Faúndez
Published: February 2025

The article reviews two episodes from the Chilean literary circuit of the early twentieth century: the 1921 publication of the book of poems Fragments by the Afghan poet Karez-i-Roshan and the accusation against Pablo Neruda of plagiarism in 1934. Both events describe an unusual situation: twice and in different ways, a Chilean poet was transfigured into an Asian poet. The proposed analysis of these events allows us to assess two levels at which the cultural and literary exchanges between Chile and Asia were hindered by European mediation: first, in the understanding of a system of production and dissemination of works, and second, in local writers’ sense of belonging to a Western tradition.
Antimicrobial activity of different tea extracts
Authors:   Himalaya Wellness Company, Dehradun Unit, Chandra Sonakshi
Published: February 2025

Tea is a popular beverage known for its unique taste and vast health benefits. The main components in tea change greatly during different processing methods, which makes teas capable of having different biological activities. Due to the presence of various bioactive compounds including catechin, polyphenols and saponins etc, tea exhibits antimicrobial activity against microorganisms. Catechins may be considered as the antimicrobial components of the tea extracts. Reports showed that the catechins damaged the cell membrane and increased cell membrane permeability, leading to changes in the relative electrical conductivity and the release of certain components into the cytoplasm. This study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of five tea extracts, including green, blue, black, hibiscus and chamomile tea extracts against standard strains of Staph. aureus (ATCC 6538) and E. coli (ATCC 8739). Solvent extraction method was used to prepare the extracts and antimicrobial activity was determined by Agar well diffusion method.
Medicinal potential of Cascabela thevetia flowers extract
Authors:   Dhanauri (PG) College, Dhanauri, Haridwar, Tyagi Shweta , Negi Anuradha ,   M.P.G. College, Haldwani, Nainital, UK., Kumar Ashish ,   SCIENTIST, United Arab Emirates, SABANA SABANA ,   GFC (PG) College, Shahjahanpur, Up, Pandey I.P. ,   Professor Emeritus
Published: February 2025

The present study highlights the medicinal potential of Cascabela thevetia flowers extracts (aqueous, acetone, ethanol). Cardiac glycosides, tannin, phlobatannin, phenolic compound, alkaloids, phytosterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanin and quinones were the phytoconstituents present in significant amount in plant. Phytochemicals are highly active in the presence of ethanol extract. Cardiac glycosides, phlobatannin, tannin also showed significant reaction in acetone extract of flower. This phytochemical screening is more prominent in ethanol and acetone extract as compared to aqueous extract
Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom and a Comparative Analysis of its Bioactive Components
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Chemistry Department, MKP PG College, H.N.B.  (Central University), Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India, Tripathi Neetu , Thakur Anupama ,   Student MSc. Chemistry, MKP PG College, H.N.B. (Central University),  Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India
Published: February 2025

Mushrooms are one of the most loved foods not only for its exotic taste but also for its benefits for health. It is consumed in various forms like fresh, pickled, dried, powdered, canned etc. Its farming has picked up a fast pace among contemporary entrepreneurs owing to its nutritional and medicinal benefits and low cost. Mushrooms are a fleshy fungus (Basidiomycota & Agaricomycetes) having a stem, cap and gills underneath the cap. They can be edible, wild and some of them can be toxic too. It contains more than 90% water and less than 1% fat, loaded with Vitamin B copper and selenium and low in sodium. Usually vegetables, milk and other food products are fortified with Vitamin D by irradiation or direct addition but mushrooms are unique in this sense because they are naturally a rich source of Vitamin D which otherwise is procured from animals or poultry. The reason being that it contains copious amount of plant sterol “Ergosterol”, it is a precursor of Vitamin which when stimulated by sunlight or artificial lightening source converts to Vitamin D.
Antimicrobial Activities of Seed Extracts of Mango (Mangifera indica L.);Jamun (Syzygium cumini), or black plum; Karela (Momordica charantia)or bitter gourd and Neem (Azadirachta indica) or Margosa
Authors:   Himalaya Wellness Company, Dehradun Unit, Farooq S , Mehmood Zafar ,   Himalaya Wellness Company, Dehradun Unit, Kumar Dixit Arunesh ,   Himalaya Wellness Company, Dehradun Unit
Published: February 2025

The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethnopharmacologists, botanists, micro biologists, and natural-products chemists are searching for new phytochemical entities which could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases. Traditional healers have long used plants to prevent or cure infectious conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of methanol and ethanol extracts of mango, Jamun, Neem and Karela seeds against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Seed were extracted by Soxhlet using methanol and ethanol as solvents. The extracts were tested against the microorganisms using disc diffusion method at different concentrations: 5 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, 3 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL). In vitro antibacterial activities of methanol and ethanol extracts of all seeds showed inhibitions to tested organisms with variable inhibition zones. Resistance among the tested strains was shown in low concentration of the extract. The mean zone of inhibition produced ranged between 8 mm and 18 mm. Staph aureus showed the highest zone of inhibition (18 mm) followed by Candida albicans (16 mm). The methanol followed by ethanol extracts of Jamun seeds showed good inhibitory effects against almost all tested strains. The inhibition zones produced by seeds extract were less than those produced by standard positive control drug. This could be due to low diffusion rate of seeds extract in agar medium. These plant products can be a potential new and promising antimicrobial therapy in infectious diseases.
Comparative study of active components in Spinacia oleracea grown Hydroponic (without soil) and indigenous (soil) cultivation system
Authors:   Himalaya Wellness Company, Faridabad Unit, Ali Ragib , Azim Beg Mirza ,   Himalaya Wellness Company, Faridabad Unit, uddin Rahis ,   Himalaya Wellness Company, Faridabad Unit
Published: February 2025

Green leafy vegetables (GLV) play a substantial role in human nutrition and are essential for a healthy life. This study was undertaken to determine the active component of Spinacia oleracea grown in Hydroponic system and in soil system. As Spinacia oleracea consumed in India and all over the world especially for its iron source. The spectrophotometric as well as gravimetric methods were used to determine the concentration of iron, tannin, flavonoids, and total alkaloids. The result shown that iron and other active component were higher in hydroponic growing system as compare to soil system. This possibility is due to iron content present in micro nutrients. As in hydroponic system the micronutrients always in contact with the plants, hence the possibility of iron absortion is more here as compare to soil system. The reason of higher concentration of other component may be due to the compatible growing conditions available in hydroponic system like light source for photosynthesis, temperature and pressure those were controlled automatically. Surprisingly we have seen that the growing of Spinacia oleracea is fast in hydroponic system as compare to soil system. In hydroponic system the spinach mature in about 20 days as compare to 30 days in soil system.
Factors Contributing to the Existence of Undetected Fraud Within Retail SMEs in the Cape Metropole
Authors: Efile Jonathan Ebombo , Neethling Aletta C.
Published: February 2025

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are expected to play a key role within a country's gross domestic product (GDP), economic growth, and job creation. In South Africa, the economic value of SMEs is recognized and supported by the government. However, these smaller entities often have limited internal resources and consequently have a more vulnerable business environment. One such threat is fraud that is committed against these businesses. The focus on the prevention and control of fraud generally tends to be on larger organizations, and research examining fraud within SMEs is limited. This study investigates the factors that may contribute to the existence of undetected fraud within small retail lending to these entities. The study followed a quantitative research methodology classified as survey research as it used a questionnaire to collect and process large amounts of data. The results of this survey indicate that there is a lack of expertise or knowledge, and inadequacy of prioritizing fraud detection by these business owners which could be contributing to a high percentage of undetected fraud within the retail SMEs population. The findings of this study reinforce prior literature highlighting the resource limitation and informal strategies often employed by retail SMEs in managing fraud risks.
The Development of Module Based on Micro controller in Improving Student Computational Thinking Skills
Authors: . Mustofa. , Waluyo. Joko , . Yushardi , Ridlo Zainur Rasyid
Published: February 2025

Computational thinking is a method for solving problems using algorithms similar to techniques used in software programming. The purpose of this research is to examine the validity, practicality and effectiveness of micro controller-assisted modules. The type and design of the research includes the type of research (research and development) R & D that has been developed using Plomp's research design through the following steps, namely preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. Data collection uses several techniques, namely interviews, questionnaires, computational thinking tests. The instruments used are validation sheets, student anget sheets, and observation sheets. The feasibility of the module is measured using a validation sheet and to measure student interest in the product that has been developed using a student response questionnaire sheet. The results of the validity analysis of 89% were declared very valid obtained from the three validators, 92% practicality was declared very practical with practicality indicators in the form of student fluency in using the module, and effectiveness of 0.78 obtained from n-gain analysis which means quite effective and the results of the student response questionnaire sheet in the good category of 72%. The results of the analysis obtained show that the use of micro controller-assisted modules that are valid, practical, and effective in earth science courses can improve student computational thinking.
Income Taxes for Trading Activities Made Through Electronic System in Indonesia as an Unilateral Measure
Authors: Cahyadini Amelia
Published: February 2025

Indonesia has the fastest development of digital economy amongst other countries in Southeast Asia. As a country with a large population and internet users, Indonesian Government is trying to effectuate the imposition of the Income Taxes towards the foreign business actors in the trading activities by using Electronic System. This intention is amplified by the existence of Covid-19 pandemic. Since the social and physical distancing have fertilized the trend to conduct trading activities through the electronic system, and to provide a level playing field, then the policies for income tax in the trading activities utilising electronic systems was issued in the Law Number 2 of 2020. The application of this regulation is assessed based on the Tax Law in Indonesia by focusing on several aspects such as legal certainty and tax jurisdiction. Based on the tax philosophy in Indonesia, Law Number 2 of 2020 is considered as lacking in providing legal certainty and policies regarding the income tax for the trading activities utilising electronic system, it is considered as a unilateral measure.
The Production and Optimization of Printing Ink Derived from Waste Tire Carbon Black
Authors: Kassim Abdullahi Danjuma , Emmanuel Isa.
Published: February 2025

The use of waste tire carbon black from locally sourced in printing ink production was explored as it poses to be both environmentally friendly and economically viable investment. Carbon black pigment was obtained from the pyrolysis of tire, then it undergoes acid demineralization by dissolving the sample in concentrated hydrochloric acid for the period of 24hrs, the sample was then filtered and rinsed thoroughly with distilled water to eliminate unwanted composite that might affect the pigment from giving it best quality, after that the sample was dried in an electric oven at 110℃ for 8hrs, the dried sample was pulverized again. The formulation of offset printing ink from the obtained black pigment was done by dissolving modified starch in water and stir to obtain viscosity, then stearic acid was added as a coupling agent and heated for 30min using magnetic stirrer to form vanish, after which the prepared sample weight 25g and Isopropyl alcohol were added in to the mixture and stirred for 30min using magnetic stirrer to obtain a homogeneous mixture and uniform distribution of the components. The produced ink from carbon black demonstrated good physical properties which include viscosity, opacity, adhesion, eligibility and erasability. The pH was determined to be 5.3 slightly alkaline is less acidic, the viscosity and surface tension was found 57.80 (mN/m) and 38.90 (Pa.s./25° C) to be respectively. The ultimate analysis of the of Waste Tire Carbon Black shows high percent of carbon at 82.92 wt % these shows the waste tires to be rich in carbon materials as while as other elements as O, S and N. The FTIR spectra of the calcinated waste tire powder identified major peaks as C-H, C=O, C-H and OH identified at 3000 cm-1, 1700 cm-1 , 1000-1500 cm-1, and 3500-3600 cm-1 respectively, the presence of C-H and C=H stretches confirms the high amount of carbon and hydrogen observed from the analysis and confirms its hydrocarbon composition. These properties were optimized in this study by varying the concentrations different the solvent ratios. It is hoped that this work introduces an economically viable means for the production of erasable ink from local sources as well as contribute to sustainable waste management.
Hubungan Kematangan Emosi Dengan Perilaku Agresif Pada Santriwati di Pesantren Aulia Cendekia
Authors: Suryati  , Utami Fitri Hartika , Aqgenatry Prilly Silvi
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini meneliti tentang hubungan kematangan emosi dengan perilaku agresif pada santriwati di Pesantren Aulia Cendekia, dimana fokus penelitian ini adalah anak-anak yang sedang mengalami masa peralihan. kematangan emosi adalah sebuah kemampuan pengendalian diri terhadap perasaan-perasaan emosi dalam mengadapi suatu kondisi agar tidak menghasilkan tindakan yang dapat merugikan bagi individu lain maupun diri sendiri. perilaku agresif adalah tingkah laku atau tindakan yang dilakukan seseorang dengan sengaja untuk melukai dan menyakiti baik secara psikis maupun fisik seseorang yang bertujuan untuk memperkuat dan mempertinggi kekuasaannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran dari kematangan emosi dan perilaku agresif pada santriwati di Pesantren Aulia Cendekia, serta untuk mengetahui hubungan kematangan emosi dengan perilaku agresif pada santriwati di pesantren aulia cendekia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasional dan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu angket atau kuesioner dan metode dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan data yang telah disebarkan kepada 73 responden bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kematangan emosi dan perilaku agresif dengan nilai r= 0,404 dan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa semakin tinggi kematangan emosi pada santriwati maka semakin rendah kemungkinannya untuk melakukan tindakan agresif, begitupun sebaliknya. Maka penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan kematangan emosi dengan perilaku agresif pada santriwati di Pesantren Aulia Cendekia.
Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok Dalam Meningkatkan Kedisiplinan Siswa di SMA Sunan Kalijogo Jabung
Authors: Fayrus Abadi Slamet  , Suwandi
Published: February 2025

Fenomena penerapan bimbingan kelompok untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa di SMA Sunan Kalijogo Malang menjadi objek penelitian yang menarik, khususnya karena bimbingan kelompok sudah diterapkan di SMA Sunan Kalijogo Jabung. Menariknya, kedisiplinan siswa di tingkat sekolah menengah atas secara umum masih menunjukkan nilai yang kurang memuaskan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi efektivitas layanan bimbingan kelompok dalam meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa di SMA Sunan Kalijogo Jabung, Malang. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keefektivitasan dalam peningkatan kedisiplinan siswa dengan menggunakan layanan bimbingan kelompok. Kolaborasi antar siswa dalam kelompok menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung untuk berbagi ide dan pengalaman, serta memperkuat komitmen mereka terhadap aturan dan norma sekolah. Metode yang digunakan, seperti diskusi kelompok kecil, permainan peran, studi kasus, dan bimbingan klasikal dari guru BK, terbukti mampu merangsang interaksi siswa dan membantu pemahaman mereka mengenai pentingnya disiplin. Kesimpulannya, layanan bimbingan kelompok berperan signifikan dalam meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa dan merupakan pendekatan efektif untuk memperbaiki perilaku siswa serta membangun budaya disiplin di sekolah.
Strategi Kepala Sekolah dalam Layanan Bimbingan Peningkatan Profesionalitas Guru di SD Negeri 4 Merjosari Kota Malang
Authors: Rindra Risdiantoro
Published: February 2025

Penelitian betujuan untuk mendiskripsikan strategi kepala sekolah dalam memberi layanan bimbingan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik dan kompetensi profesional guru. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah diskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: strategi kepala sekolah SDN 4 Merjosari Malang untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dilakukan melalui tahapan yaitu penilian kinerja guru (PKG), analisis PKG, menentukan skala prioritas, mengidentifikasi potensi SDM guru SDN 4 Merjosari Malang dan menentukan sasaran yang akan dicapai 4 tahunan secara periodik, membudayakan diskusi akademik antar guru di sekolah, PKG dilaksanakan dengan obyektif dan digunakan secara maksimal sebagai alat evaluasi untuk mengembangkan guru, kepala sekolah diharapkan memberi kebebasan kepada guru muda untuk mengikuti kegiatan melalui forum-forum ilmiah seperti seminar pendidikan dan workshop, kepala sekolah harus mengadakan pelatihan tentang pemantapan metode pembelajaran dan model pembelajaran tematik, kepala sekolah membantu meningkatkan persiapan guru untuk mengikuti PPG untuk guru muda dan kepala sekolah memotivasi guru untuk meningkatkan kualifikasinya melalui studi lanjut terutama kepada guru muda.
Evaluasi Pemikiran K.H. Ahmad Dahlan dalam Konteks Pendidikan: Perspektif Bimbingan dan Konseling di Indonesia
Authors: Tri Prasetiyowati  , Zumrotul Khasanah  , Mochamad Nursalim  , Wiryo Nuryono
Published: February 2025

Pemikiran K.H. Ahmad Dahlan, sebagai tokoh penting dalam sejarah pendidikan Islam di Indonesia, telah memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap perkembangan pendidikan, khususnya dalam konteks bimbingan dan konseling. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemikiran K.H. Ahmad Dahlan dalam bidang pendidikan dan menganalisis relevansinya dalam perspektif bimbingan dan konseling di Indonesia. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur dengan analisis kualitatif terhadap pemikiran-pemikiran utama Ahmad Dahlan tentang pendidikan, serta bagaimana nilai-nilai tersebut diterapkan dalam praktik bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah-sekolah Islam di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemikiran Ahmad Dahlan menekankan pentingnya pendidikan karakter, integrasi antara ilmu pengetahuan dan agama, serta perhatian terhadap pengembangan moral dan spiritual siswa. Dalam konteks bimbingan dan konseling, prinsip-prinsip tersebut sangat relevan, terutama dalam membantu siswa mengembangkan keseimbangan antara prestasi akademik dan perkembangan karakter. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemikiran Ahmad Dahlan memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan dalam pembentukan fondasi pendidikan yang holistik dan dapat dijadikan landasan dalam mengembangkan praktik bimbingan dan konseling di Indonesia. Saran yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya integrasi lebih lanjut antara nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam dengan pendekatan bimbingan dan konseling di era modern.
Penerapan Reward untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa
Authors: Diah Retno Ningsih
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh penerapan reward dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam (BKI) angkatan 2021 di IAI Sunan Kalijogo Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain eksperimen one group pre-test post-test, yang melibatkan 14 mahasiswa sebagai subjek. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket motivasi belajar yang diberikan sebelum dan setelah penerapan reward. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam motivasi belajar mahasiswa setelah pemberian reward, baik dalam bentuk fisik maupun non-fisik. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa pemberian reward dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa. Reward yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini tidak terbatas pada bentuk fisik, namun juga mencakup bentuk non-fisik seperti pengakuan atau apresiasi, yang juga berkontribusi pada peningkatan motivasi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian reward perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu strategi dalam pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi. Hal ini penting agar penerapan reward dapat berjalan efektif dan tidak menjadi tujuan utama dalam proses pembelajaran, namun lebih sebagai alat untuk mendorong mahasiswa agar lebih termotivasi dalam belajar. Oleh karena itu, pemberian reward harus dilakukan dengan bijak untuk mendukung peningkatan kualitas pendidikan.
Dampak Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Pengelolaan Konflik di Kalangan Anggota OSIS SMA Sederajat yang Berpartisipasi dalam Pelatihan di Tsot Outbound
Authors: Aris Setiawan  , Moh Handika
Published: February 2025

Manajemen konflik dalam dunia pendidikan, adalah kumpulan tindakan dan reaksi yang dilakukan oleh orang dalam dan orang luar ketika mereka terlibat dalam konflik yang ditangani dengan baik untuk menghasilkan lingkungan sekolah yang damai. Namun, fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa banyak siswa gagal mengelola konflik, yang menyebabkan banyak kasus kekerasan di sekolah. Beberapa siswa masih gagal memahami dan menerapkan manajemen konflik, seperti yang terjadi di TSOT Outbound. Kecerdasan emosional adalah aspek yang mempengaruhi cara siswa menangani konflik. Akan tetapi, kontradiksi sering terjadi di lapangan, terutama di lingkungan TSOT Outbound. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kecerdasan emosional mempengaruhi manajemen konflik pada anggota OSIS SMA Sederajat yang mengikuti pelatihan TSOT Outbound. Dengan populasi 280 siswa dan sampel 165 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan emosional memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap bagaimana menangani konflik. Lebih khusus lagi, ada korelasi positif antara kecerdasan emosional dan manajemen konflik. Dengan kata lain, siswa yang tidak terlibat dalam TSOT memiliki kemungkinan yang lebih besar untuk menangani konflik dengan baik.
Pengembangan UMKM Nizam Tahu Tempe di Desa Sendang Mulyo Kecamatan Sluke Kabupaten Rembang
Authors: Rohman Wakhid Abdur , Atmojo Agung Tri , Istanti Sri Layla Wahyu , Sari Dian Anita
Published: February 2025

Kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Usaha (KKU) adalah kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh Universitas YPPI Rembang yang bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi dan mengembangkan UMKM Pabrik tahu tempe milik Ibu Suwarni yang berada di desa Sendang Mulyo Kecamatan Sluke Kabupaten Rembang.  Dalam pelaksanaan KKU di UMKM Pabrik Tahu Tempe, tim KKU menemukan beberapa permasalahan diantaranya belum memiliki legalitas usaha, yang di mana ini akan menjadi suatu perlindungan hukum terhadap pelaku usaha, belum memiliki alamat Google Maps, belum memiliki nama usaha.  Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut Tim KKU membuat beberapa program kegiatan untuk mengembangkan UMKM Tahu Tempe milik Ibu Suwarni ini, diantaranya yaitu; (1) Pembuatan Legalitas Usaha (2) Pembuatan alamat di Google Maps (3) Pembuatan Nama dan Logo UMKM Nizam Tahu Tempe. Adapun hasil dari pelaksanaan KKU di UMKM Nizam Tahu Tempe milik Ibu Suwarni adalah sudah memiliki legalitas usaha, adanya alamat usaha di Google Maps sebagai petunjuk arah tempat usaha, serta memiliki nama usaha serta logo.