bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of haptic simulators in preclinical dental education: A systematic review
Authors: Bandiaky Octave Nadile , Lopez Serena , Hamon Ludovic , Clouet Roselyne , Soueidan Assem , Le Guehennec Laurent
Published: December 2023

Background

Haptic technologies have opened a new avenue in preclinical dental education, with evidence that they can be used to improve student performance. The aim of this systematic review was to (1) determine the effect of haptic simulators on motor skill acquisition during preclinical dental training, (2) explore students’ perception, and (3) explore the ability of haptic systems to distinguish users based on their initial level of manual dexterity.

Methods

A comprehensive search of articles published up to February 2023 was performed using five databases (i.e., PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) and specialized journals. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis 2020 guidelines were followed, and the risk of bias was assessed. Only studies on the application of haptic simulators in dentistry preclinical training were included. Qualitative synthesis of data was performed, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID = CRD42022337177).

Results

Twenty‐three clinical studies, including 1303 participants, were included. The authors observed a statistically significant improvement in dental students’ motor skills in various dental specialties, such as restorative dentistry, pediatric, prosthodontics, periodontics, implantology, and dental surgery, after haptic training. Haptic technologies were perceived well by all participants, with encouraging data regarding their ability to differentiate users according to their initial level of manual dexterity.

Conclusions

Our work suggests that haptic simulators can significantly improve motor skill acquisition in preclinical dental training. This new digital technology, which was well perceived by the participants, also showed encouraging results in discriminating users according to their level of experience.
Identifying factors influencing orthodontic residency program selection
Authors: Nanney Eleanor M , Shumaker Abbigale , Gutierrez Triny , Mitchell Kelly , Bowers Sylvia A. Frazier , Wiesen Chris , Mihas Paul , Jacox Laura Anne
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The desirability of Orthodontic Residency remains high today relative to the past 30 years. This investigation seeks to re‐assess factors influencing Orthodontic Residency program selection amidst contemporary challenges and changes, including increasing student debt, reduced residency stipends, and shifting practice models.

Methods

This mixed‐methods study consisted of interviews (qualitative) and surveys (quantitative). Fifteen final‐year dental students and first‐year orthodontic residents were interviewed one‐on‐one following a topic guide and then transcripts were analyzed using MAXQDA2022 to identify values, factors, and influences related to program selection and ranking. Qualitative findings and previous studies provided the basis for a survey distributed to residency applicants in 2020‐22. Data were analyzed with bivariate and descriptive statistics with stratification by debt group.

Results

Interviews (N = 15) elevated the importance of location, interview experience, program cost, and clinical education. Surveys (N = 239) identified the most desirable factors for program selection: satisfied residents, strong clinical training with multiple techniques, good interview impressions, low cost, high patient numbers, a strong reputation, and good clinical facilities with new technology. Less desirable factors include programs that are hospital‐based, certificate‐only, research‐intensive, and require considerable after‐hours work.

Conclusions

Clinical education and interview experiences are key for residency selection, consistent with prior studies, though program cost has grown in importance. Findings can help guide orthodontic programs in recruiting applicants and suggest a need to limit educational costs.
Measuring context–response associations that drive habits
Authors: Labrecque Jennifer S. , Lee Kristen M. , Wood Wendy
Published: December 2023

People achieve important life outcomes of health, financial security, and productivity by repeating operant behavior. To identify whether such operants reflect goal pursuit or habit, the present research introduces a new paradigm that yields objective measures of learning and controls for the motivations of goal pursuit. In two experiments, participants practiced a sequential task of making sushi and then completed a test of the strength of cue–response (habit) associations in memory. Finally, they repeated the sushi task without instructions while under cognitive load (designed to impede deliberation about goals). As predicted, greater task practice yielded stronger cue–response associations, which in turn promoted task success. Practice did not improve performance by enhancing goal intentions or other task motivations. We conclude that repetition facilitates performance by creating mental associations that automatically activate practiced, habitual responses upon perception of recurring context cues.
The incidence of movement disorder increases with age and contrasts with subtle and limited neuroimaging abnormalities in argininosuccinic aciduria
Authors: Gurung Sonam , Karamched Saketh , Perocheau Dany , Seunarine Kiran K. , Baldwin Tom , Alrashidi Haya , Touramanidou Loukia , Duff Claire , Elkhateeb Nour , Stepien Karolina M. , Sharma Reena , Morris Andrew , Hartley Thomas , Crowther Laura , Grunewald Stephanie , Cleary Maureen , Mundy Helen , Chakrapani Anupam , Batzios Spyros , Davison James , Footitt Emma , Tuschl Karin , Lachmann Robin , Murphy Elaine , Santra Saikat , Uudelepp Mari‐Liis , Yeo Mildrid , Finn Patrick F. , Cavedon Alex , Siddiqui Summar , Rice Lisa , Martini Paolo G. V. , Frassetto Andrea , Heales Simon , Mills Philippa B. , Gissen Paul , Clayden Jonathan D. , Clark Christopher A. , Eaton Simon , Kalber Tammy L. , Baruteau Julien
Published: December 2023

Argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) is integral to the urea cycle detoxifying neurotoxic ammonia and the nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis cycle. Inherited ASL deficiency causes argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA), a rare disease with hyperammonemia and NO deficiency. Patients present with developmental delay, epilepsy and movement disorder, associated with NO‐mediated downregulation of central catecholamine biosynthesis. A neurodegenerative phenotype has been proposed in ASA. To better characterise this neurodegenerative phenotype in ASA, we conducted a retrospective study in six paediatric and adult metabolic centres in the UK in 2022. We identified 60 patients and specifically looked for neurodegeneration‐related symptoms: movement disorder such as ataxia, tremor and dystonia, hypotonia/fatigue and abnormal behaviour. We analysed neuroimaging with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an individual with ASA with movement disorders. We assessed conventional and DTI MRI alongside single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) with dopamine analogue radionuclide 123I‐ioflupane, in Asl‐deficient mice treated by hASL mRNA with normalised ureagenesis. Movement disorders in ASA appear in the second and third decades of life, becoming more prevalent with ageing and independent from the age of onset of hyperammonemia. Neuroimaging can show abnormal DTI features affecting both grey and white matter, preferentially basal ganglia. ASA mouse model with normalised ureagenesis did not recapitulate these DTI findings and showed normal 123I‐ioflupane SPECT and cerebral dopamine metabolomics. Altogether these findings support the pathophysiology of a late‐onset movement disorder with cell‐autonomous functional central catecholamine dysregulation but without or limited neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons, making these symptoms amenable to targeted therapy.
Esterification of butyric acid with n‐butanol: Kinetic study using experimental data and modeling
Authors: Pathak Ashutosh Kumar , Kundu Madhusree
Published: December 2023

Present study involves the investigation of the esterification kinetics between butyric acid and n‐butanol. This reaction was conducted in a batch reactor, utilizing homogeneous methanesulfonic acid (MSA) catalyst. Response surface methodology (RSM) was conducted prior to the kinetic study using “Design Expert; version‐11.0” for finding the causal factors influencing the conversion of butyric acid. Most important factors identified with their limits against conversions (during optimization of the process using RSM) were taken up to critically analyze the effect of them on butyric acid conversion. Concentration and activity‐based model of the process were proposed assuming second order reversible reaction scheme using homogeneous MSA catalyst. During the study of non‐ideal behavior of the system, UNIFAC model was adapted for assessing the activity coefficients of species present in equilibrated liquid phase. Experimental data were used to evaluate kinetic and thermodynamic parameters such as rate constants, activation energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the system. The endothermic nature of esterification was confirmed by positive value of enthalpy obtained. The effect of various levels of causal variables like temperature (60–90°C), catalyst concentration (0.5–1.5 wt.%), and molar ratio of n‐butanol to butyric acid (1–3) on conversion kinetics of butyric acid was investigated during transient and equilibrium phase of the reaction. It has been observed that molar ratio of butanol to butyric acid has the highest influence on the conversion. The rate equation derived offered a kinetic and thermodynamic framework to the generated data. It also exhibits a notable degree of conformity of predicted data to the experimental ones and effectively characterizes the system across different reaction temperatures, reactant molar ratio, and catalyst concentration.
Fabrication and In Vitro Characterization of Polycaprolactone/Graphene Oxide/Collagen Nanofibers for Myocardial Repair
Authors: Karapehlivan Sema Seren , Danisik Mehmet Necati , Akdag Zekiye , Yildiz Elif Nur , Okoro Oseweuba Valentine , Nie Lei , Shavandi Amin , Ulag Songul , Sahin Ali , Dumludag Fatih , Gunduz Oguzhan
Published: December 2023

This study is focused on fabricating tissue‐engineered electrospun nanofibers that contain polycaprolactone (PCL), graphene oxide (GO), and collagen (COL) to get an alternative treatment for cardiac injuries. GO (1.5 wt%) is used to support the contraction‐elongation of cardiomyocytes by improving electrical stimulation. The COL (1, 3, and 5 wt%) is the main component of the myocardial extracellular matrix have led to their frequent use in cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show the homogeneous and bead‐free morphologies of the nanofibers. Adding a high amount (3% and 5%) of COL decreases the tensile strength value of 17% PCL/1.5% GO nanofiber. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay demonstrates that the COL addition increases cell viability compared to that in 17% PCL/1.5% GO nanofibers on the third day. The response of the nanofibers to alternating current (AC) signal is studied between the frequencies 40 and 105 Hz. The direct current (DC) conductivity values of the films are determined to be between 1.10−10 and 6.10−10 S m−1 at 25 °C. The AC conductivity values show frequency‐dependent behavior. Among the PCL/GO‐based electrospun nanofibers, 17% PCL/1.5% GO/5% COL nanofiber shows greater DC and AC conductivity than 17% PCL/1.5% GO nanofiber.
Structural obstruction to the simplicity of the eigenvalue zero in chemical reaction networks
Authors: Vassena Nicola
Published: December 2023

Multistationarity is the property of a system to exhibit two distinct equilibria (steady‐states) under otherwise identical conditions, and it is a phenomenon of recognized importance for biochemical systems. Multistationarity may appear in the parameter space as a consequence of saddle‐node bifurcations, which necessarily require an algebraically simple eigenvalue zero of the Jacobian, at the bifurcating equilibrium. Matrices with a simple eigenvalue zero are generic in the set of singular matrices. Thus, one would expect that in applications singular Jacobians are always with a simple eigenvalue zero. However, chemical reaction networks typically consider a fixed network structure, while the freedom rests with the various choices of kinetics. Here, we present an example of a chemical reaction network, whose Jacobian is either nonsingular or has an algebraically multiple eigenvalue zero. This in particular constitutes an obstruction to standard saddle‐node bifurcations. The presented structural obstruction is based on the network structure alone, and it is independent of the value of the positive concentrations and the choice of kinetics.
Replication of the bSTAR sequence and open‐source implementation
Authors: Lee Nam G. , Bauman Grzegorz , Bieri Oliver , Nayak Krishna S.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The reproducibility of scientific reports is crucial to advancing human knowledge. This paper is a summary of our experience in replicating a balanced SSFP half‐radial dual‐echo imaging technique (bSTAR) using open‐source frameworks as a response to the 2023 ISMRM “repeat it with me” Challenge.

Methods

We replicated the bSTAR technique for thoracic imaging at 0.55T. The bSTAR pulse sequence is implemented in Pulseq, a vendor neutral open‐source rapid sequence prototyping environment. Image reconstruction is performed with the open‐source Berkeley Advanced Reconstruction Toolbox (BART). The replication of bSTAR, termed open‐source bSTAR, is tested by replicating several figures from the published literature. Original bSTAR, using the pulse sequence and image reconstruction developed by the original authors, and open‐source bSTAR, with pulse sequence and image reconstruction developed in this work, were performed in healthy volunteers.

Results

Both echo images obtained from open‐source bSTAR contain no visible artifacts and show identical spatial resolution and image quality to those in the published literature. A direct head‐to‐head comparison between open‐source bSTAR and original bSTAR on a healthy volunteer indicates that open‐source bSTAR provides adequate SNR, spatial resolution, level of artifacts, and conspicuity of pulmonary vessels comparable to original bSTAR.

Conclusion

We have successfully replicated bSTAR lung imaging at 0.55T using two open‐source frameworks. Full replication of a research method solely relying on information on a research paper is unfortunately rare in research, but our success gives greater confidence that a research methodology can be indeed replicated as described.
Developing new ways to assess neural control of pelvic organ function in spinal conditions: ICI‐RS 2023
Authors: Webb Katie , de Rijk Mathijs M. , Gajewski Jerzy B. , Kanai Anthony J. , Perrouin‐Verbe Marie‐Aimée , van Koeveringe Gommert , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques , Drake Marcus J.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Several central nervous system (CNS) centers affect muscle groups of the lower urinary tract (LUT) and anorectal tract (ART) via autonomic and somatic pathways, working in different modes (storage or expulsion). Hence spinal cord dysfunction can affect the LUT and ART by several possible mechanisms.

Methods

This review reports the discussions of a workshop at the 2023 meeting of the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society, which reviewed uncertainties and research priorities of spinal dysfunction.

Results

Discussion focussed on the levator ani nerve, mechanisms underpinning sensory function and sensation, functional imaging, dyssynergia, and experimental models. The following key research questions were identified. (1) Clinically, how can we evaluate the levator ani muscle to support assessment and identify prognosis for effective treatment selection? (2) How can we reliably measure levator ani tone? (3) How can we evaluate sensory information and sensation for the LUT and the ART? (4) What is the role of functional CNS imaging in development of scientific insights and clinical evaluation? (5) What is the relationship of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia to renal failure?

Conclusions

Spinal cord dysfunction can fundamentally disrupt LUT and ART function, with considerable clinical impact. The evaluation needs to reflect the full scope of potential problems, and new clinical and diagnostic approaches are needed, for prognosis and treatment. The preclinical science evaluating spinal cord function in both LUT and ART storage and elimination remains a major priority, even though it is a challenging experimental context. Without this underpinning evidence, development of new clinical evidence may be held back.
Game changers: do new medications make lifestyle‐based treatment of obesity obsolete?
Authors: Lewis Kristina H. , Moore Justin B. , Ard Jamy D.
Published: December 2023

Historically, obesity was viewed as a lifestyle disease, with an associated lifestyle solution, and approaches that embody the “eat less, move more” idea have dominated obesity treatment recommendations for over half a century. Meanwhile, the prevalence and severity of obesity continue to increase globally. Enter the so‐called “game changers”: glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. In the media frenzy around these and other new antiobesity medications in the pipeline, lifestyle‐based treatment researchers and practitioners may find themselves wondering whether behavioral approaches to obesity will become obsolete in this new therapeutic era. In this Perspective, the authors contend that medical approaches impact physiologic pathways to support the success of behavioral approaches. Similarly, behavioral approaches can improve weight loss‐adjacent outcomes that are not addressed by medication. Thus, the two approaches are complementary and must coexist if we are to make a significant, population‐level impact on the obesity epidemic.
The effects of physical symptoms, self‐efficacy and social constraints on fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors: Examining the mediating role of illness representations
Authors: Lyu Meng‐Meng , Chiew‐Jiat Rosalind Siah , Cheng Karis Kin Fong
Published: December 2023

Objective

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is common in breast cancer survivors (BCS). This study examined the mediating role of illness representations in the relationships between FCR and physical symptoms, social constraint and self‐care self‐efficacy.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 385 women with breast cancer completed a series of questionnaires including the FCR Inventory, Social Constraints Scale‐15, Cancer Survivors Self‐Efficacy Scale, Illness Perception Questionnaire‐Revised and European Organization for Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Breast Cancer. Structural equation modelling method was conduct by using a bootstrapping method.

Results

Physical symptoms (β = 0.272, p < 0.01), social constraints (β = 0.130, p < 0.01), self‐efficacy (β = −0.233, p < 0.01) and illness representation (β = 0.261, p < 0.01) have direct effects on FCR. The indirect effects of physical symptoms (β = 0.10, p < 0.01), social constraints (β = 0.076, p < 0.01) and self‐efficacy (β = −0.025, p < 0.05) on FCR were partially mediated by illness representations.

Conclusions

In this study, the effects of physical symptoms, social constraints and self‐efficacy on FCR were found to be mediated by illness representation. Reducing the impact of negative illness representations on FCR by reducing physical symptoms, increasing self‐efficacy, and promoting open disclosure of cancer‐related concerns may be effective in reducing FCR in BCS.
Is there an optimal time to administer postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with brain metastases? A systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nwankwo Anthony , Dang Danielle D. , Choe Kevin , Kanani Samir , Cohen Adam L. , Ziu Mateo
Published: December 2023

Postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery improves local tumor control in patients with metastatic brain cancer. However, the influence of timing on its therapeutic efficacy is unclear. In this study, we performed a meta‐analysis and systematic literature review examining publications that reported the timing of postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with intracranial metastases. Our primary outcomes included median overall survival and rates of local and regional failure, while secondary outcomes examined the incidence of treatment‐related adverse events. Correlations between median SRS timing and these variables were assessed using linear regression and publication bias was appraised via Egger's test. Our study resulted in 22 articles comprising 1338 patients. The median timing of adjuvant SRS spanned 14.5 to 41 days. There was a significant negative study‐level correlation of median time to SRS with regional failure (p = 0.043, R2 = 0.32) but not with overall survival (p = 0.54, R2 = 0.03) or local failure (p = 0.16, R2 = 0.14). Additionally, there was significant heterogeneity within the reports (p<0.0001). In conclusion, our analysis demonstrated that postoperative SRS timing did not influence local failure rates which may in part be due to significant variability between individual study designs and patient demographics. Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of timing for postoperative SRS on oncologic outcomes.
Enhanced HER Efficiency of Monolayer MoS2 via S Vacancies and Nano‐Cones Array Induced Strain Engineering
Authors: Liu Xiao , Li Zeqi , Jiang Huili , Wang Xin , Xia Pufeihong , Duan Zhuojun , Ren Yizhang , Xiang Haiyan , Li Huimin , Zeng Jiang , Zhou Yige , Liu Song
Published: December 2023

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has gained significant attention as a promising catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The catalytic performance of MoS2 can be enhanced by either altering its structure or regulating external conditions. In this study, a novel approach combining the introduction of sulfur vacancy (VS) and biaxial tensile strain to create more active sites and modulate the band structure of monolayer MoS2 is proposed. To achieve the desired strain level, nano‐cones (NCs) array substrates facilely fabricated by dip‐pen nanolithography (DPN) are employed. The magnitude of the applied tensile strain can be finely tuned via adjusting the height of the NCs. Furthermore, on‐chip electrochemical devices are constructed based on artificial structures, enabling precise optimization of HER performance of MoS2 through the synergistic effect of VS and strain. Combined with the d‐band theory, it reveals that the HER properties of VS‐MoS2 are highly dependent on the degree of tensile strain. This study presents a promising avenue for the design and preparation of high‐performance 2D catalysts for energy conversion and storage applications.
Hierarchically Interpenetrated and Reentrant Microcellular Frameworks for Stretchable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: An Yoojoo , Kim Nayeon , Hong Soo Yeong , Jung Arum , Kim Eunji , Lee Yonghee , Cho Jinhan , Yeom Bongjun , Son Jeong Gon
Published: December 2023

With the rapid development of human‐friendly wearable devices, energy storage components are required to have skin‐like stretchability or free‐form to fit closer and more comfortably to the human body. This study introduces a hierarchically interpenetrated reentrant microcellular structure combined with 2D cellular graphene/MXene/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 3D cellular melamine foam. This composite structure works as a stretchable framework of lithium metal composite electrodes to provide stretchability for lithium metal electrodes, which are promising as next‐generation energy storage systems. The interpenetrated but independent cellular structures successfully obtain stable structural deformability from the nonconductive and deformable melamine foam, while at the same time, high electrical conductivity, lithiophilicity, and mechanical stability of the graphene/CNT/MXene network serve as a lithium deposition support during the electrodeposition of lithium. The reentrant structure is fabricated by radial compressing the hierarchical cellular structures to take advantage of the structural stretchability of the accordion‐like reentrant frameworks. The lithium‐deposited composite electrodes exhibit much lower overpotential during Li stripping and plating than lithium metal foil anodes and show stable electrochemical performances under 30% of mechanical strain. The reentrant microcellular electrodes offer great potential for advanced designs of lithium metal electrodes for stretchable batteries with high energy density.
Stable Aluminum Metal Anode Enabled by Dual‐Functional Molybdenum Nanoparticles
Authors: Ju Shunlong , Qiao Qing , Xu Tian , Zhao Zhongchen , Zhang Tengfei , Xia Guanglin , Yu Xuebin
Published: December 2023

Constructing robust anode with strong aluminophilicity and rapid desolvation kinetics is essential for achieving high utilization, long‐term durability, and superior rate performance in Al metal‐based energy storage, yet remains largely unexplored. Herein, molybdenum nanoparticles embedded onto nitrogen‐doped graphene (Mo@NG) are designed and prepared as Al host to regulate the deposition behavior and achieve homogeneous Al plating/stripping. The monodispersed Mo nanoparticles reduce the desolvation energy barrier and promote the deposition kinetics of Al. Additionally, Mo nanoparticles act as aluminophilic nucleation sites to minimize the Al nucleation overpotential, further guiding uniform and dense Al deposition. As a result, the dual‐functional Mo@NG endows Al anodes with low voltage hysteresis, reversible Al plating/stripping with high coulombic efficiency, and excellent high‐rate capability under 5 mA cm−2. Moreover, the as‐designed Al metal full batteries deliver a high capacity retention of 92.8% after 3000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work provides an effective solution to optimize the electrochemical properties of Al metal anode from the perspective of desolvation and deposition reactions, towards the development of high‐safety and long‐cycling aluminum‐ion batteries.
Rapid Information Retrieval from DNA Storage with Microfluidic Very Large‐Scale Integration Platform
Authors: Liu Dong Dong , Cheow Lih Feng
Published: December 2023

Due to its high information density, DNA is very attractive as a data storage system. However, a major obstacle is the high cost and long turnaround time for retrieving DNA data with next‐generation sequencing. Herein, the use of a microfluidic very large‐scale integration (mVLSI) platform is described to perform highly parallel and rapid readout of data stored in DNA. Additionally, it is demonstrated that multi‐state data encoded in DNA can be deciphered with on‐chip melt‐curve analysis, thereby further increasing the data content that can be analyzed. The pairing of mVLSI network architecture with exquisitely specific DNA recognition gives rise to a scalable platform for rapid DNA data reading.
Atomic‐Scale 3D Structure of a Supported Pd Nanoparticle Revealed by Electron Tomography with Convolution Neural Network‐Based Image Inpainting
Authors: Iwai Hiroki , Nishino Fumiya , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Kudo Masaki , Tsushida Masayuki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Machida Masato , Ohyama Junya
Published: December 2023

Electron tomography based on scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is used to analyze 3D structures of metal nanoparticles on the atomic scale. However, in the case of supported metal nanoparticle catalysts, the supporting material may interfere with the 3D reconstruction of metal nanoparticles. In this study, a deep learning‐based image inpainting method is applied to high‐angle annular dark field (HAADF)–STEM images of a supported metal nanoparticle to predict and remove the background image of the support. The inpainting method can separate an 11 nm Pd nanoparticle from the θ‐Al2O3 support in HAADF–STEM images of the θ‐Al2O3‐supported Pd catalyst. 3D reconstruction of the extracted images of the Pd nanoparticle reveals that the Pd nanoparticle adopts a deformed structure of the cuboctahedron model particle, resulting in high index surfaces, which account for the high catalytic activity for methane combustion. Using the xyz coordinate of each Pd atom, the local Pd–Pd bond distance and its variance in a real supported Pd nanoparticle are visualized, showing large strain and disorder at the Pd–Al2O3 interface. The results demonstrate that 3D atomic‐scale analysis enables atomic structure‐based understanding and design of supported metal catalysts.
Three cases of uncommon medication‐associated osteonecrosis of temporal bone
Authors: VanDolah Hunter , Crossley Jason R. , Kim H. Jeffrey
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the temporal bone is rare and has been reported to be associated with the use of anti‐resorptive and biologic agents. Here, we present the first case of tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor‐related external auditory canal (EAC) osteonecrosis as well as two cases related to anti‐resorptive therapies.

Methods

A retrospective case series.

Results

Case one: an 84‐year‐old female presented with chronic otitis externa and osteonecrosis of EACs bilaterally. She had a history of osteoporosis treated with denosumab and risedronic acid. She successfully underwent left EAC reconstruction using an inferiorly‐based pedicle periosteal flap while the right ear canal was managed conservatively. Case two: a 69‐year‐old male presented with osteonecrosis of the right EAC. He had a history of osteoporosis treated with alendronic acid and zoledronic acid. His osteonecrosis is conservatively managed with local debridement and antibiotic application. Case three: a 60‐year‐old male presented with osteonecrosis of the right inferior EAC. He had a history of chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with a tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor, imatinib. After failing conservative therapy, he underwent right ear canal reconstruction using a periosteal vascular pedicle flap without complication and experienced complete resolution to his symptoms.

Conclusion

Anti‐resorptive agents and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors may lead to dysregulation of bone remodeling and result in rare cases of temporal bone osteonecrosis. When a local debridement and antibiotic therapy fail, definitive surgical excision of necrotic bone with subsequent reconstruction of the EAC may offer patients a possible resolution in symptoms.
Habituation and tolerance in coyotes (Canis latrans), a flexible urban predator
Authors: Golden Beam Emily R. , Berger Joel , Breck Stewart W. , Schell Christopher J. , Lambert Joanna E.
Published: December 2023

The behavioral mechanisms by which urban wildlife adapt to urban landscapes and disturbances within these environments are poorly understood. Such understanding can be important for wildlife managers, especially if the species is of concern to human and pet safety, such as the coyote (Canis latrans). Here, we evaluate coyote tolerance to the presence of humans, pets, and anthropogenic landscapes, to better understand how coyotes are conditioned to live in urbanizing landscapes. Using continuous focal follow and instantaneous scan sampling, we collected data on metrics of anthropogenic development and coyote flight response. We used cumulative link mixed models to determine that intensity of behavioral response to observation was impacted by habitat, human visitation to sites, and coyote group composition. These data may be useful to managers for profiling potentially problematic individual animals and identifying strategies for human–coyote coexistence.
Aktuelle Diagnostik und Therapie bei Ohrmuscheldysplasien und Gehörgangsfehlbildungen
Authors: Brandt Hannes H. , Bodmer Daniel
Published: December 2023

Angeborene Fehlbildungen der Ohrmuschel und des äußeren Gehörgangs können mit schweren ästhetischen und funktionellen Defiziten einhergehen. Neben dem Verständnis embryologischer Grundlagen ist auch die Klassifikation derartiger Anomalien für die Behandlung essenziell. Die frühzeitige Erkennung einer Fehlbildung sowie die Einleitung zeitgerechter Diagnostik sind essenziell, um durch eine adäquate Therapie langfristige Einschränkungen zu verhindern. Ohrmuscheldysplasien werden heute meist operativ, seltener mittels Epithese korrigiert. Die Methoden des „tissue engineering“ sind seit Langem in der Erprobung und könnten in Zukunft eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Die Behandlung von Gehörgangsstenosen und -atresien bezweckt neben einer Hörverbesserung auch die Verhinderung von Folgeerkrankungen. Darunter finden sich u. a. Cholesteatome oder rezidivierende Infekte. Die Hörrehabilitation umfasst konventionelle und implantierbare Hörgeräte, wobei der Trend zu Letzteren tendiert.
The use of midurethral sling in the correction of low-stage cystoceles: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Ramadan Diaeldin T. , Elhefnawy Ahmed S. , Wadie Bassem S.
Published: December 2023

Introduction and hypothesis

The objective was to assess whether midurethral slings (MUS) can improve both stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and cystoceles. MUS with anterior colporrhaphy (AC) as a treatment for SUI with cystocele is more invasive and carries greater risk than MUS alone.

Methods

This is a prospective randomized study involving women with stage 1 or 2 cystocele and SUI, who were > 21 years of age, who had had no previous surgery for SUI. Predominant SUI, symptomatic anterior pelvic organ prolapse, and informed consent were mandatory. Patients were randomized as to whether AC had been performed. The sling procedure was left to the surgeon’s discretion: pubovaginal sling, tension-free vaginal tape, or trans-obturator tape. Success was defined as a negative stress test and no evidence of cystocele upon local examination.

Results

Ninety-eight patients were enrolled, 48 underwent MUS, and 50 underwent MUS and AC. Mean age ± SD was 44.96 ± 8.13 years. Baseline characteristics were similar. Operative time and blood loss were significantly higher in the MUS/AC group (p = 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). At 3 months, success was 79.1% and 77.8% in the MUS and MUS/AC groups respectively. This was maintained until 6 months (79.1% and 77.8% respectively). At 1 year, the results were comparable with success rates of 96.2% and 87.0% in the MUS and MUS and AC groups respectively. Symptom scores were comparable at 6- and 12-month evaluations.

Conclusion

Midurethral slings correct symptomatic stage 1 or 2 cystoceles without the need for AC, which carries the risk of a significantly longer procedure and more significant blood loss.
Comparison of calibration strategies for accurate quantitation by isotope dilution mass spectrometry: a case study of ochratoxin A in flour
Authors: Bates Jennifer , Bahadoor Adilah , Tittlemier Sheryl A. , Melanson Jeremy E.
Published: December 2023

Analysis of low-level organic contaminants in complex matrices is essential for monitoring global food safety. However, balancing sample throughput with complex experimental designs and/or sample clean-up to best reduce matrix effects is a constant challenge. Multiple strategies exist to mitigate these effects, with internal standard-based methods such as isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) being the most advantageous. Here, multiple internal calibration strategies were investigated for the quantification of ochratoxin A (OTA) in wheat samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Internal standard-based quantitation methods such as single (ID1MS), double (ID2MS), and quintuple (ID5MS) isotope dilution mass spectrometry, as well as external standard calibration, were explored and compared. A certified reference material (CRM) of OTA in flour, MYCO-1, was used to evaluate the accuracy of each method. External calibration generated results 18–38% lower than the certified value for MYCO-1, largely due to matrix suppression effects. Concurrently, consistently lower OTA mass fractions were obtained for the wheat samples upon quantitation by external calibration as opposed to ID1MS, ID2MS, and ID5MS. All isotope dilution methods produced results that fell within the expected range for MYCO-1 (3.17–4.93 µg/kg), validating their accuracy. However, an average 6% decrease in the OTA mass fraction was observed from results obtained by ID1MS compared to those by ID2MS and ID5MS. Upon scrutiny, these differences were attributed to an isotopic enrichment bias in the isotopically labelled internal standard [13C6]-OTA that was used for ID1MS, the OTAL-1 CRM. The advantages and limitations of each isotopic method are illustrated.
A systematic review of (semi-)automatic quality control of T1-weighted MRI scans
Authors: Hendriks Janine , Mutsaerts Henk-Jan , Joules Richard , Peña-Nogales Óscar , Rodrigues Paulo R. , Wolz Robin , Burchell George L. , Barkhof Frederik , Schrantee Anouk
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans degrade image quality and thus negatively affect the outcome measures of clinical and research scanning. Considering the time-consuming and subjective nature of visual quality control (QC), multiple (semi-)automatic QC algorithms have been developed. This systematic review presents an overview of the available (semi-)automatic QC algorithms and software packages designed for raw, structural T1-weighted (T1w) MRI datasets. The objective of this review was to identify the differences among these algorithms in terms of their features of interest, performance, and benchmarks.

Methods

We queried PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), and Web of Science databases on the fifth of January 2023, and cross-checked reference lists of retrieved papers. Bias assessment was performed using PROBAST (Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool).

Results

A total of 18 distinct algorithms were identified, demonstrating significant variations in methods, features, datasets, and benchmarks. The algorithms were categorized into rule-based, classical machine learning-based, and deep learning-based approaches. Numerous unique features were defined, which can be roughly divided into features capturing entropy, contrast, and normative measures.

Conclusion

Due to dataset-specific optimization, it is challenging to draw broad conclusions about comparative performance. Additionally, large variations exist in the used datasets and benchmarks, further hindering direct algorithm comparison. The findings emphasize the need for standardization and comparative studies for advancing QC in MR imaging. Efforts should focus on identifying a dataset-independent measure as well as algorithm-independent methods for assessing the relative performance of different approaches.
Cosmetic Breast Augmentation with Autologous Ex Vivo-Expanded Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell (Stemform®)-Enriched Fat Grafts: A Study of the First Twenty-Two Real-World Patients
Authors: Mamsen Frederik Penzien Wainer , Fischer-Nielsen Anne , Svalgaard Jesper Dyrendom , Jensen Jesper Due , Jønsson Bo , Duscher Dominik , Christensen Josef , Van Leeuwen Michiel , Kiilerich Claes Hannibal , Roider Laura , Sterodimas Aris , Munthe-Fog Lea , Kølle Stig-Frederik Trojahn
Published: December 2023

Background

Fat grafting is commonly utilized in breast surgery, and since it was first described, clinicians and researchers have stridden towards improvement of graft retention. Current advancements include adding adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC(AT)s), which have demonstrated promise for improved graft retention.

Objectives

This study reports outcomes for the first twenty-two patients undergoing breast augmentation (Stemform BA) or artificial implant replacement (Stemform AIR) with MSC(AT)-enriched fat in a real-world setting.

Methods

Autologous MSC(AT)s were isolated and expanded ex vivo, then mixed with lipoaspirate and injected as enriched fat for Stemform BA and AIR. The breast volume was measured preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperative using a 3D Infinity Dual-Lens Camera and LifeVizApp software. Additionally, independent plastic surgeons evaluated clinical images, and patient satisfaction was obtained at equal time points.

Results

Twenty-two patients were included. All completed 3 and 12 months clinical follow-up and 3 months volume measurements. Nineteen patients completed 12 months volume measurements. The median fat graft retention at 12 months was 95.7% (IQR = 82.44–103.12%) for Stemform BA patients and 113.0% (IQR = 94.8–131.2%) for Stemform AIR patients. The Stemform BA patients had a median breast enlargement of 172.0% (IQR = 156.7–241.0%). The implant replacement volume of Stemform AIR patients was 102% (IQR = 85.1–130.3%). The patient reported 92.8% and 100% would elect to repeat treatment if they had the opportunity for Stemform BA and Stemform AIR, respectively.

Conclusion

Breast augmentation and breast implant replacement patients receiving ex vivo-expanded MSC(AT)-enriched fat grafts had high graft retention and patient satisfaction scores. The paper confirms the clinical efficacy of using ex vivo-expanded MSC(AT)s.

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
What is new in the classification of peripheral T cell lymphomas?
Authors: de Leval Laurence , Bisig Bettina
Published: December 2023

In this review focus article, we highlight the main modifications introduced in the latest 2022 International Consensus Classification and World Health Organization classification (ICC and WHO-HAEM5) of mature T (and NK) cell neoplasms (PTCLs) and consequent implications for diagnostic practice. The changes result from recent advances in the genomic and molecular characterization of PTCLs and enhanced understanding of their pathobiology. Specifically, consideration is given to the following groups of diseases: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated neoplasms; follicular helper T cell lymphoma; anaplastic large cell lymphomas; primary intestinal T and NK cell lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders; and PTCL, not otherwise specified.
Regulation (EU) 2017/746 (IVDR): practical implementation of annex I in pathology
Authors: Kahles Andy , Goldschmid Hannah , Volckmar Anna-Lena , Ploeger Carolin , Kazdal Daniel , Penzel Roland , Budczies Jan , Flechtenmacher Christa , Gassner Ulrich M. , Brüggemann Monika , Vogeser Michael , Schirmacher Peter , Stenzinger Albrecht
Published: December 2023

Background

Regulation (EU) 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDR) imposes several conditions on pathology departments that develop and use in-house in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IH-IVDs). However, not all of these conditions need to be implemented immediately after the IVDR entered into force on 26 May 2022. Based on an amending regulation of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, the requirements for IH-IVDs will be phased in. Conformity with the essential safety and performance requirements of annex I must be ensured from May 2022.

Objectives

With this article, we would like to present the practical implementation of the currently valid conditions for IH-IVDs at the Institute of Pathology at the University Hospital of Heidelberg, in order to provide possible assistance to other institutions.

Conclusions

In addition to the intensive work on the requirements for IH-IVDs, several guidance documents and handouts provide orientation for the implementation and harmonisation of the requirements for healthcare institutions mentioned in Article 5 (5). Exchange in academic network structures is also of great importance for the interpretation and practical implementation of the IVDR. For university and nonuniversity institutions, ensuring conformity with the IVDR represents a further challenge in terms of personnel and time, in addition to the essential tasks of patient care, teaching and research and the further development of methods for optimal and targeted diagnostics, as well as the maintenance of the constantly evolving quality management system.
The interplay between agriculture, greenhouse gases, and climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Omotoso Abeeb Babatunde , Omotayo Abiodun Olusola
Published: December 2023

Agriculture is the leading sector that is responsible for global climate change through its significant contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Intriguingly, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing higher temperatures and lesser rainfall due to climate change enhanced by anthropogenic GHG emissions. Agriculture and energy use in the SSA predominantly influence the anthropogenic GHG leading to global warming. Therefore, reducing agricultural GHG emissions (such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane) plays a significant role in climate change adaptation. This paper reviews the potential implication of agriculture and energy use on climate change and its implications on environmental sustainability in SSA. Herewith, we explored various GHGs emitted through agriculture-energy use, their effects on climate change, as well as several climate change adaptation mechanisms, and gaps in existing knowledge that necessitate more research, were also explored. We found that agriculture had negative implications on climate change impacts in the SSA countries and that a more focused strategy that is both economically and technically feasible in terms of preferences for land use, effective energy use, and food supply would aid in GHG emission reduction and environmental sustainability. Adapting to the projected changes in the short term while investing in long-term mitigation strategies might be the only way toward a sustainable environment in this region.
Frobenius Kernels of Algebraic Supergroups and Steinberg’s Tensor Product Theorem
Authors: Shibata Taiki
Published: December 2023

For a split quasireductive supergroup $$\mathbbm {G}$$
G
defined over a field, we study structure and representation of Frobenius kernels $$\mathbbm {G}_r$$

G
r

of $$\mathbbm {G}$$
G
and we give a necessary and sufficient condition for $$\mathbbm {G}_r$$

G
r

to be unimodular in terms of the root system of $$\mathbbm {G}$$
G
. We also establish Steinberg’s tensor product theorem for $$\mathbbm {G}$$
G
under some natural assumptions.
Evaluating support systems and interface efficiency in Hour of Code’s Minecraft Adventurer
Authors: Toukiloglou Pavlos , Xinogalos Stelios
Published: December 2023

Hour of Code is a widely recognized global event that aims to introduce programming to novice users and integrate computer science into education. This paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the support system and user interface of Minecraft Adventurer, a serious game designed for the Hour of Code global event. Although previous studies have primarily focused on the educational benefits of Hour of Code games, there has been limited research on their support methods. Therefore, this paper aims to address this gap with an empirical study of the experience of 104 students who played the game for one hour. Student progress was tracked by an administering teacher and after the game session, a questionnaire was administered to collect data on the participant’s perceptions of the support system, interface efficiency, and overall experience with Hour of Code. The results of the study reveal significant problems with the aforementioned systems, which apply not only to Minecraft Adventurer but also to several other similar serious games. Additionally, the findings showed a correlation between the utilization of the support system and student performance, indicating that student’s comprehension of the support system significantly influences their learning outcomes. This paper concludes by providing potential solutions to address the identified insufficiencies, offering valuable insights for future researchers and game developers on the design and evaluation of serious games for educational purposes.