bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryptic but direct costs of an epidemic caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the endangered Sardinian newt Euproctus platycephalus (Amphibia, Caudata)
Authors: Tessa Giulia , Sotgiu Giuseppe , Bovero Stefano , Angelini Claudio , Favelli Marco , Gazzaniga Enrico , Giacoma Cristina , Garner Trenton W.J.
Published: March 2023

Parasites can directly affect host survival by causing cryptic costs that may occur in species when mortality does not take place or is less evident. Costs can be present in differently life history stages or age cohorts or cause age-dependent effects. Here we investigate the effects of chytridiomycete fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, (Bd), that causes one of the main infectious diseases implicated in numerous mass mortalities and population declines in the class of Amphibia, including in one of the rarest and most threatened salamander in Europe, the endemic Sardinian brook newt Euproctus platycephalus. This species is known to be infected by Bd since 2006, without evident direct cost or mass mortality events being observed. During 5 years of sampling (2007-2011), we captured 273 newts in the main infected area of the Limbara Mountain in the North of Sardinia, and, through epidemiological and age analyzes, we assess that Bd directly affected juvenile recruitment, and it is related to difficulties in the development of the species, with an impact on the females growth.
Esotericism in Romanian Religious History
Authors: Băncilă Ionuț Daniel
Published: March 2023

As an expression of the complex global religious entanglements, esoteric knowledge did appeal also to Eastern Europe, in Romania being particularly imprinted by the local religious discourses and practices characteristic to Orthodox Christianity. This paper attempts to briefly sketch the indigenization of esoteric “currents” such as alchemy, spiritualism, Theosophy, Anthroposophy, Traditionalism etc. in Romania. Apart from these historical formations, various aspects of the contemporary occulture in Romania are also considered, especially the Orthodox occulture.
Taxonomic revision of the batesi species group of Dichotomius Hope, 1838, with the description of three new Amazonian species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)
Authors: Valois Marcely C. , Vaz-de-Mello Fernando Z. , Silva Fernando A. B.
Published: March 2023

Dichotomius (Selenocopris) is amongst the most diverse subgenera of Dichotomius Hope, 1838. Due to the scarcity of material and logistical problems experienced by previous authors to access type specimens, the available taxonomic information for the batesi group is mainly the short and superficial original descriptions of its species. In this paper, we provide a revision for all the species assigned to the batesi group and a comparative study with species belonging to taxonomically related species groups, namely: agenor, geminatus, inachus, carbonarius, and lucasi. The batesi group is redefined to include five Amazonian species: D. batesi, D. ziliolii, D. snethlageae sp. nov., D. martavannucciae sp. nov., and D. leopoldinae sp. nov.. The globulus is proposed for the remaining species formerly included in the batesi group; these species occur from Costa Rica to northern Amazonia. Dichotomius parcepunctatus and D. fortestriatus are considered new synonyms of D. batesi. Distribution data and an identification key are provided for the species in the batesi group.
The Changing U.S. China Watching Community and the Demise of Engagement with the People’s Republic of China
Authors: McCourt David M.
Published: March 2023

Recent years have seen the rapid descent of relations between the United States and the People’s Republic of China (prc). Hopes for cooperation in places of common concern like climate change gave way to strains in almost all areas. In place of “engagement,” the administration of Donald J. Trump adopted a tougher approach of “strategic competition” that its successor so far has continued. This article explores the relationship between the demise of engagement and opinions coming from the American China expert community. Specifically, it questions the impact on engagement of five secular dynamics that these China authorities have experienced—generational turnover; the field’s vast expansion and diversification; increased disciplinary specialization; the enhanced prominence of the generalist in national security discussions in place of China specialists; and changes in the media leading to more skeptical journalistic voices on U.S.-prc relations. Without over-emphasizing either the influence of the expert community on U.S. decision-making, or underplaying the more repressive and authoritarian actions of the Chinese Communist Party, this article suggests that the China expert community has been more of a factor in the end of engagement than current accounts of academics and commentators acknowledge.
On plosive-nasal correspondences and alternations in Gyalrongic and their possible solutions
Authors: LAI Yunfan
Published: March 2023

Gyalrongic languages exhibit a series of non-trivial nasal-plosive (or approximant) correspondences, which so far lack an explanation. Some nasal consonants, mainly found in West Gyalrongic languages, correspond to plosives or approximants in their East Gyalrongic cognates. Long considered irregular, these correspondences have never been studied with the comparative method. This paper tackles these seeming correspondences and makes the first attempt to reconstruct them. I propose a series of voiceless nasals to account for their modern reflexes with various articulation manners, and analyse the plausibility of this reconstruction. I discuss the forms in question vis-à-vis their cognates in other Sino-Tibetan languages that exhibit a nasal. I also compare alternative solutions with the voiceless nasal hypothesis.
‘The Breath of Destruction’
Authors: Barcia Manuel
Published: March 2023

In the years 1823, 1829–1830, and 1837, West and West Central Africa had to contend with three devastating yellow fever epidemics that affected both slave dealers who had settled along the coast and anti-slave trade officials tasked with bringing the slave trade to an end. In this paper I argue that these epidemics had a profound impact on the actions of both sets of actors, and eventually on the expansion and demise of the slave trade in the region. By focusing on the actions of a myriad of Atlantic actors, I explore the ways in which cyclical epidemics of yellow fever were dealt with, emphasizing how prophylactic measures, treatments, and more generally, medical knowledge, were challenged, affected, and changed by the arrival of each of them.
Being or Becoming Divine?
Authors: Bermejo-Rubio Fernando
Published: March 2023

The present paper tackles the issue of deification in some Nag Hammadi writings in the context of other ancient strategies of (self)deification. It pays attention simultaneously to Greek and to Jewish-Christian traditions – both to mythical and philosophical contexts – trying to clarify how ancient “Gnostic” texts should be read in dialogue with surrounding culture(s). Despite the many obvious differences of conceptual assumptions in the surveyed models, an underlying typological similarity is glimpsed.
The Sophia of the Greeks and the Gnosis of the Barbarians
Authors: Bull Christian H.
Published: March 2023

Most scholars currently tend to see a biblical or “Gnostic” Sophia-Eve figure as the true identity of the enigmatic feminine self-revealer pronouncing the “I am” statements in Thunder: Perfect Mind (NHC VI,2). At an early stage of research, the similarities with the aretalogies of Isis, also framed as “I am” self-predications, were pointed out, but Isis has largely been left behind as a possible identity of Thunder, because of the latter’s ambiguous status, combining both elevated and lowly epithets (whore and matron, honored and despised, etc.). The present contribution reevaluates the Egyptian background of Thunder: Perfect Mind and considers the text as a demythologized, Platonic-Stoic, performative epiphany of a self-begotten, female, divine mind, similar in many respects to the Egyptian goddess Isis-Neith. Furthermore, it will be proposed that Thunder: Perfect Mind lies behind the common source of the self-predicative passage of On the Origins of the World (NHC II,5; XIII,2) and its parallel in the Hypostasis of the Archons (NHC II,4), likely mediated by the Gospel of Eve mentioned by Epiphanius of Salamis.
Mother of the Nation: A Short Translation History of Yang Qianhe’s ‘Flower Blooming Season’
Authors: Cantrill Aoife
Published: March 2023

First published in 1942, Yang Qianhe’s Japanese-language short story ‘Flower Blooming Season’ depicts a schoolgirl named Huiying who seeks out female role models to help her navigate the realities of womanhood beyond the school gates. This article uses close readings of the 1979, 1992, and 2001 Mandarin Chinese translations of the text to argue that the translation process politicised the text’s depiction of girlhood through omitting or foregrounding the protagonist’s interest in cultural and social markers of Japanese womanhood. In examining the translators’ differing approaches, the article explores how literary translation reflects and reinforces narratives concerning the period of Japanese rule in Taiwan, as well as questioning the tendency to view imperial subjectivity from a male perspective exclusively.
Shaping the Role of the Church as Transformer of Society
Authors: Zhao Wenjuan
Published: March 2023

This article explores, from a theological standpoint, the growing concerns about the role of the church and how it may contribute to society without compromising Christian beliefs. It deconstructs some views favoring Western theology and reconstructs a Chinese theology in the Chinese context to argue how the church should be shaped and how transformative theological education could help the church achieve its goals. Given the Chinese context, this article proposes that theology could be described as a way of thinking about God and His relationship with the world and a way to witness to Jesus Christ, allowing the church to present itself from its very origin as a political body—a polis—a community that offers an alternative political methodology to influence society. To influence Chinese society, the church must apply both transformative theological education and theological praxis.
Minority Vulnerability in South Asia and China
Authors: Mallampalli Chandra
Published: March 2023

In recent years, a global tilt toward rightist majoritarianism has made Muslim and Christian minorities of Asia more vulnerable to violence and displacement. China’s program of “de-extremification” among the Uyghurs, Myanmar’s military operations against the Rohingya, and Hindutva-inspired violence in India illustrate strong-handed homogenizing impulses, even by governments that profess to embrace diversity. By examining these different contexts through a common lens, it becomes possible to recognize recurring patterns and think beyond the nation-state as the only framework for addressing minority vulnerability. After comparing Muslim and Christian vulnerability across a variety of Asian contexts, the essay explores the possibility of “Islamo-Christian” solidarity in the face of majoritarian violence. This new alignment defies a longstanding imperialist framework, whose geopolitics pits a Christian West against a Muslim other. It also embraces an ethic of empathy that transcends the language of “religious freedom” – a principle arising from the same geopolitics that manufactured majority-minority distinctions to begin with.
De Eenheid die wij Zoeken
Authors: Krijnsen C.
Published: March 2023

L’unité que nous cherchons

Dans la „conversion” de l’église catholique romaine au mouvement oecuménique, effectuée par Ie concile Vatican II, se reflète une évolution importante dans sa conccption de l’unité chrétienne. La période préconciliaire est profondément marquée par Ie thème du retour à l’eglise catholique. Ayant quitté l’unique Eglise du Christ, les chrétiens séparés ont Ie devoir de s’y rejoindre pour retrouver l’unité qu’ils poursuivent. Cette conviction est abandonnée par Vatican II qui découvre les valeurs ecclésiales présentes dans les communautés non catholiques et met fin à l’identification traditionnelle entre l’église de Rome et l’Eglise du Christ. Par Ie fait même Ie thème du retour à l’église catholique est substitué par celui de la restauration de la communion ecclésiale dédommagée. Enfin, dans la période postconciliaire l’application pratique des principes formulés par Vatican Il conduit à une conscience croissante de l’unité fondamentale de tous les chrétiens. Il va sans dire que cette conscience exerce son influence sur la conception catholique de l’unité chrétienne et jette une nouvelle lumière sur les conditions de sa restauration.
Nederdaling ter Helle als Paasikoon
Authors: Jacobs A.
Published: March 2023

La descente aux limbes comme icone de Pdques

L'iconographie byzantine a pris le thème de la descente du Christ aux limbes pour l'icone de Pâques. On n'a pas choisi le moment de la résurrection, c'est-à­ dire le moment où le Christ monte de son tombeau, parce que les évangilcs n'en parlent pas et qu'il n'y avait pas de témoins. La descente aux limbes intitulée Anastasis souligne le moment précis de la rédemption, quand le Christ rcnd la main à Adam et Eve pour les délivrer de la mort. Ceux-ci représentent l'humanité de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testament. Le Christ est mort pour tout le monde.

Le thème de la descente, basé sur des récits apocryphes, surtout sur l'évangile de Nicodèmc (4e siècle), se développe du 6e jusqu'au 15e siècle. Bicn que les éléments essentiels restent les mêmes, la fantaisie des peintres demeure assez libre. On distingue ainsi plusieurs types de cette icone : le Christ descendant, le Christ montant avec Adam, le Christ avec l'évangile ou avec sa croix, le Christ prenant en même temps Adam et Eve par la main, etc.

Vers la fin du 17e siècle, sous l'influencc de l'art occidental, beaucoup d'icones tâchint de faire une synthèse des thèmes oriental et occidental. On voit la résurrection en deux épisodes : le Christ aux limbes et le Christ sortant de son tombeau le jour de Päques. Le thème occidental, le Christ montant du tombeau, ne remplace la descente que très rarement et se fait jour seulement à partir du 19e siècle.
De Situatie van de Kopten in Egypte
Authors: Desá R.
Published: March 2023

La situation des Coptes en Egypte

Le 3 septembre 1981 , Ie président Anwar Sadat fit arrêter 553 personnes, musulmans et chrétiens, parmi lesquels des évêques et des prêtres. Deux jours plus tard, il retira sa signature du décret présidentiel reconnaissant Amba Chenouda III comme patriarche de l' Eglise copte. En même temps, il annonça l'arrestation des grands chefs des extrémistes musulmans, la fermeture de quatre journaux et la dissolution de plusieurs associations. Le patriarche destitué fut relégué dans Ie monastère d' Amba Bchoï, dans Ie désert du Wadi el-Natroun. Ces événements qui mirent fin à une période de troubles entre musulmans et chrétiens soulèvent la question comment Sadat, un homme ouvert, fin politicien, qui insistait toujours, dans ses discours, sur la nécessité de l'union nationale et a été longtemps très estimé des Coptes, a pu en arriver là. Pour répondre à cette question, il faut revenir quelques années en arrière et suivre deux mouvements importants: la renaissance copte et la montée de l'extrémisme musulman. Ce dernier mouvement prêchait Ie retour aux sources de l'Islam et militait en faveur d"une société qui n'aurait pour constitution que Ie Coran. La conséquence en était que ses adeptes s'adonnaient à toutes sortes de violences contre leurs compatriotes chrétiens. Mais ceux-ci, plus conscients que jamais de leur identité et guidés par Ie patriarche Chenouda, ne craignaient pas de réclamer leurs droits et s'opposaient aux attaques souvent sanglantes des extrémistes.
Stappen op de weg naar eenheid
Authors: Krijnsen C.
Published: March 2023

Etapes sur la route de lʼunité

Le rapport du Groupe de travail II, accepté unanimement par lʼassemblée du Conseil Oecuménique des Eglises à Vancouver, Canada, ne se perd pas dans des spéculations abstraites sur lʼunité chrétienne, mais fixe son attention sur quelques pas concrets qui dès maintenant pourraient et devraient être mis sur la route de lʼunité. Dans cet article, après un exposé introductif de la „vision eucharistique” de Vancouver, trois de ces pas sont considérés de plus près. En premier lieu, les Eglises sont invitées à sʼengager dans un processus de „réception” du document de Lima, Baptême, eucharistie et ministère, processus qui doit créer entre elles des liens plus étroits. Ensuite, lʼassemblée approuve le programme dʼétude proposé par la Commission de Foi et Constitution qui, sous le nom Vers une expression commune de la foi apostolique aujourdʼhui, aspire à une synthèse vivante entre les symboles de foi de lʼancienne Eglise et les formules de foi contemporaines. Enfin, la même Commission est appelée à monter un autre programme dʼétude: Lʼunité de lʼEglise et le renouveau de la communauté humaine. Ce projet a pour but dʼéclaircir théologiquement la relation entre le rétablissement de lʼunité chrétienne et la solution des problèmes auxquels le monde actuel se voit confronté.
De paashymnen van Efrem de Syriër
Authors: Rouwhorst G.
Published: March 2023

Les hymnes pascales dʼEphrem le Syrien

Cet article porte sur les hymnes pascales dʼEphrem de Nisibe. Après quelques remarques rapides sur la vie dʼEphrem, sur son oeuvre et ses intuitions théologiques - notamment celles qui sont sous-jacentes à lʼemploi fréquent de symboles et dʼantithèses - lʼauteur entend dégager les thèmes principaux des hymnes pascales. Ce sont: la victoire de lʼagneau pascal en Egypte résultant en la libération du peuple juif hors de lʼEgypte; la „Passion” du Seigneur, à partir de la Cène jusquʼà lʼAscension; la célébration annuelle de la fête pascale par lʼEglise. Une remarque sʼimpose sur le deuxième de ces thèmes - qui, du reste, est le thème-clé-: la Résurrection joue un rôle très subordonné, surtout par rapport à la mort et à la descente et la victoire au shéol. Cela amène lʼauteur à rapprocher les hymnes pascales de la douzième Démonstration dʼAphraate - un autre auteur syriaque, contemporain dʼEphrem -, texte qui semble présupposer une célébration pascale assez curieuse, à savoir un triduum durant du vendredi jusquʼà la nuit du samedi au dimanche dont le moment le plus important nʼest pas la nuit de la résurrection, mais le jour de la mort, le vendredi. Il est probable quʼ Ephrem lui-aussi ait connu une telle „Pâque du vendredi”. Finalement lʼauteur émet lʼhypothèse quʼavant dʼavoir connu cette célébration, les églises dʼAphraate et dʼEphrem aient été quartodécimanes, c.-à.-d. quʼelles aient célébré la fête pascale dans la nuit du 14 au 15 Nisan.
Symeon de Nieuwe Theoloog 949-1022. Politieke en sociale ideeën van een mysticus I
Authors: van der Aalst A.J.
Published: March 2023

Syméon le Nouveau Théologien 949-1022. Idées politiques et sociales dʼun mystique I

En deux articles lʼauteur veut essayer de montrer une certaine connexion entre la doctrine mystique de Syméon et ses idées politiques et sociales. Après avoir esquissé la vie de Syméon, ce premier article traite de sa conception théologique, de sa mystique, et de la résistance quʼelle a provoquée. Sa doctrine suit en grandes lignes la tradition grécobyzantine mais présente aussi des accents particuliers. Syméon insiste fréquemment sur le fait que la vision de Dieu est possible dès cette vie et quʼelle doit être une expérience consciente de lʼEsprit Saint. Pour la décrire Syméon utilise plus que personne dʼautre le symbolisme de la lumière. Le Saint Esprit est la clé pour comprendre lʼEcriture et Il forme dans la tradition une chaîne de saints qui rendent témoignage de sa présence. Sans la possession de cet Esprit, les évêques, prêtres et théologiens sant privés de toute autorité. Et les sacrements nʼont de valeur que pour autant quʼils sont vecteurs de lʼEsprit. Syméon est convaincu de posséder lui-même lʼEsprit, reçu par lʼintermédiaire de son père spirituel. Cette conception théologique allait à lʼencontre de la théologie plus intellectuelle et officielle dont lʼadversaire de Syméon. Etienne de Nicomédie, semble être le représentant. Syméon sera accusé de rendre un culte publique à son père spirituel après la mort de ce dernier. Il sera traduit devant le synode qui le condamnera et le bannira de Constantinople, la capitale de lʼempire. La question se pose si la vie de Syméon, sa conception de la vie spirituelle ainsi que la résistance quʼil éprouve sant liées à ses idées politiques et sociales ou à lʼabsence de ces idées. Ce sera le sujet dʼun autre article.
Millennium van de Doop van Wladimir
Authors: van Parys En Th. Barnas M.
Published: March 2023

Le millénaire du baptême de saint Vladimir

Faits – Points de vue – Implications oecuméniques

En 1988, des millions de chrétiens, tant dans l'Union Soviétique que dans Ie reste du monde, commémoreront Ie millième anniversaire du baptême du prince Vladimir de Kiev. Ce baptême signifie en effet Ie début symbolique de la christianisation de l'état slave moyenägeux „Rouss”, origine de la Russie, de l’Ukraine et de la Biélorussie. Dans eet article, invitant tous les chrétiens à participer à la célébration du millénaire, sont traités successivement: la conversion du prince Vladimir, les étapes d'une histoire millénaire, la situation actuelle de l’Eglise orthodoxe russe, les chrétiens ukrainiens et Ie millénaire, l'engagement oecuménique de l'Eglise russe, Ie millénaire et les chrétiens occidentaux.
„De belijdenis van het ene geloof”
Authors: Krijnsen C.
Published: March 2023

„La confession de la foi commune”

Le document dʼétude Confessing the One Faith, publié récemment par la Commission Foi et Constitution du Conseil Oecuménique des Églises, se présente comme une explication du Symbole de Nicée-Constantinople adaptée à la situation actuelle du christianisme. Dans un examen critique de ce document on sʼefforce de répondre avant tout aux trois questions suivantes. Que penser de la manière dont lʼexplication regarde et manie ledit Symbole? LʼÉcriture Sainte occupe-t-elle dans cette explication la place et la fonction qui lui reviennent en vertu de son origine et de sa nature? Lʼinterprétation du Symbole de 381 présentée ici tientelle suffisamment compte des convictions religieuses des chrétiens du 20e siécle?

La réponse à ces trois questions ne peut être que négative. Les auteurs du document se montrent trop serviles vis-à-vis du Symbole de Nicée-Constantinople et méconnaissent par le fait même tant la portée de ce Symbole que la nature de la tradition vivante. En lisant lʼÉcriture Sainte à partir des vues dogmatiques et bibliques des Pères, ils maintiennent une conception vieillie de lʼÉcriture et repoussent les acquis des sciences bibliques modernes. Bien quʼils tendent à donner une explication contemporaine de la foi apostolique, its sont tellement attachés aux convictions traditionnelles quʼils ne sont pas capables de faire droit aux défis dʼaujourdhui.
Op zoek naar gemeenschappelijke grond. De gesprekken tussen Pax Christi Internationaal en de russisch-orthodoxe kerk
Authors: de Jonghe E.
Published: March 2023

In search of common ground

The dialogue between Pax Christi International and the Russian Orthodox Church

Pax Christi believes that frontiers may divide states, but not Churches based on the same Christian faith. Therefore it has maintained official contacts with the Russian Orthodox Church. In times of increased international tensions, these contacts were the only channel for dialogue between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. The increased openness of the society in the former Soviet Union during the last few years has allowed Pax Christi to significantly broaden its range of contacts in the Commonwealth of Independent States.

One of the most impressive aspects of the opening up of Russian society has been the spectacular growth of religion in a land which for seventy years has been ruled by an atheist ideology. This revival was made possible by the continued presence of the Russian Orthodox Church and the unbroken tradition of religiousness among the Russian people.

During the past twenty years, Pax Christi International has, through its biennial conversations with high-ranking Russian Orthodox delegations, been a privileged witness of the many sufferings in which the Russian Orthodox Church has been involved and of the enormous courage displayed by this Church in order to resist and survive. In this article, E. De Jonghe deals with the difficult history of the Russian Orthodox Church and gives an overview of her contacts with Pax Christi International. He analyses the complexity of the relationships between the Catholic Church and the Russian Orthodox Church and shows how they have grown more complex by the developments of the last five years. The author points to the problems with the Greek Catholic Church in the Ukraine and reflects on some present tensions, such as the conversion of the Russians, the internal crisis, church properties and proselytism.
Tweehonderd Jaar Orthodoxie in Alaska en Noord-Amerika
Authors: van Rossum Joost
Published: March 2023

200 years of Orthodoxy in Alaska and North America

On the occasion of the commemoration of the arrival in Alaska of Russian monks/missionaries 200 years ago, the author presents a survey of the history of Orthodoxy in North America. Saints such as St Herman, a simple and humble monk, St Innokentij, who translated the Bible and the Liturgy into the various Alaskan languages, Jacob Netsvetov, Peter the Aleut and Juvenalij, played an important part in this history.

Canonical unity among the Orthodox in America clearly existed until the beginning of the twentieth century. This came to an end when the various ethnic groupings started to give preference to their own jurisdictions. In 1970 the Russian Orthodox Church declared the Orthodox Church of America (OCA) ecclesiastically independent, but as yet this was not enough to bring about a restoration of the former unity.
Christelijke Themata in de Moderne Arabische Literatuur
Authors: Moor Ed de
Published: March 2023

Themes Related to Christianity in Modern Arabic Literature

Although Christians contributed largely to modern Arabic literature, in literary studies Arabic literature is generally considered as the reflexion of Islamic culture. Scholars tend to neglect the Christian aspects of this literature. Nevertheless there are some studies which deal with works by modern writers, Moslims and Christians alike, on themes such as mixed marriage, Church and State, the problem of the minorities and religious questions.

Striking themes in modern Arabic prose and poetry, are the presentation of Jesus, the Son of Men, as a prophet of social justice, and motifs such as the Holy Cross and the Resurrection. We find these themes fairly often in the prose written by Jibran Khalil Jibran, a Lebanese Christian, in the poetry by the so-called T ammuzian poets and in the Palestinian Resistance poetry. Modern novels sometimes deal with historical events concerning Christianity, as is shown in some works by Najib Mahfuz and Kamil Husayn.
Hagiografie in Woord en Beeld
Authors: Rijtma Annette , van Aalst Victoria
Published: March 2023

Hagiography in pictures and text: Boris and Gleb, two Old Russian Saints

The icon of the Holy Boris and Gleb († 1015) with scenes from their lives (Tretjakov Gallery, Moscow, no. 28757; see p. 25) is discussed as an art-historical source on the basis of one of the literary sources, the Life of the Saints, as it is found in the medieval historical context of the Russian Primary Chronicle, the Povest’ vremennych let (‘the Tale of Bygone Years’).

Unlike men in modern times, men in the Middle Ages were used to ‘reading’ and understanding the iconographical language of pictures. In order to make the meaning of the ‘source in pictures’ more accessible to the observer nowadays, it is treated together with the ‘source in words’. The present article offers a Dutch translation of the Old Russian text alternated with comments on iconography.
Byzantinische Musik
Authors: Wolfram Gerda
Published: March 2023

Byzantine Music

This article deals with the history of and developments in Byzantine ecclesiastical chant: a.o. the rise of antiphonal psalmody, the kontakion, the kanon, the stichera and the taxis ton akolouthion. Attention is paid to notation systems and instrumental music as well.
De Vele Levens van Pisentius van Koptos
Authors: van Lent A.M.J.M. , van der Vliet J.
Published: March 2023

The Many Lives of Pisentius of Coptos: An Egyptian Saint on the Eve of the Arab Conquest

Pisentius (569-632), a Coptic monk from the Theban region, was made bishop of Coptos by Damian, patriarch of Alexandria (578-607) in the period of the first flourishing of the Egyptian monophysite Church. He survived the Persian occupation of Egypt (619-629), which drove him from his see, but did not live to witness the Arab conquest, completed in 642. Apart from being a saint, still commemorated by the Coptic Church, he is foremost remarkable on account of the richness and diversity of the ancient documentation concerning his person. A complex literary tradition recounts his life in the conventional terms of hagiography, whereas the remains of his archives (authentic letters and documents in Coptic) allow us a more realistic view of his duties as a bishop. Several literary compositions in Coptic and Arabic are attributed to Pisentius. The most interesting one among these is certainly apocryphal: a long prophecy concerning the Arab conquest, Muslim oppression and the final restoration of Christian rule. It reflects the concerns and aspirations of later generations of Copts who thus honoured Pisentius' reputation as an author and a visionary.
Moskou, Het Derde Rome
Authors: van den Bercken W.
Published: March 2023

Moscow, the third Rome: The emergence of a religious-political myth

Although the beginning of Russian history lies in Kievan Rus’, it was during the post-Kievan period that the Russian national consciousness became explicit. It was expressed in the vitae of Russian princes such as Aleksandr Nevskij and Dmitrij Donskoj who fought against catholic neighbours in the West, Lithuania and the Teutonic Order, and against the heathen and islamic Tatars from the East. After the church union of Florence had failed and after the fall of Constantinople the Russian national consciousness got new political and religious impulses and developed into a kind of official ideology, the ‘third Rome’ doctrine. It was expressed in beautiful legends of Tver and Novgorod origin, but eventually became a Moscow doctrine in the letters of the monk Filofej. It reached its highest status under Ivan the Terrible but this tsar also undermined the myth by his politics of terror. The doctrine is an eastward variant of the translatio imperii and has interesting parallels with the Western variant.
Istanbul
Authors: Teule Herman
Published: March 2023

Istanbul, the Chaldean Community and the Possibilities of an Internal Flight Alternative.

This article provides a description of the Chaldean community in Istanbul, clearly distinguishing between the Chaldeans who settled in Istanbul after World War I and those Chaldeans who only recently left their region of origin in Eastern Turkey. The author discusses various push and pull factors concerning migration from Istanbul to Western Europe. His conclusion is that Istanbul cannot be considered a valid internal flight alternative for recent Chaldean fugitives from the region of Seert, Bohtan and Hakkari.
One new species and two new records of the genus Garudinia Moore, 1882 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini) from China
Authors: ZHAO TING-TING , WU JUN , HAN HUI-LIN
Published: March 2023

One new species of the genus Garudinia Moore, 1882, G. ovata sp. nov., is described from China. Two species, G. pseudolatana Holloway, 2001 and G. biplagiata Hampson, 1896, are reported for the first time from China. The female genitalia of G. pseudolatana is described herein for the first time. The new species’ imagos and genitalia are illustrated and compared with related species. The distribution map of the genus Garudinia in China is provided.
A Method for Estimating Surface Albedo and Its Components for Partial Plastic Mulched Croplands
Authors: Qin Shujing , Li Sien , Yang Kun , Zhang Lu , Cheng Lei , Liu Pan , She Dunxian
Published: March 2023

In partial plastic-mulch-covered croplands, the complicated coexistence of bare soil surface, mulched soil surface, and dynamically changing canopy surface results in challenges in accurately estimating field surface albedo (α) and its components (bare soil surface albedo αb, mulched soil surface albedo αm, and canopy surface albedo (αc) during the whole growth period. To accurately estimate α, αb, αm, and αc, and to quantify the three surfaces’ contributions to field shortwave radiation reflections (Fb, Fm, Fc), 1) a modified two-stream (MTS) approximation solution that considered the effect of plastic mulch has been proposed to accurately estimate α and 2) dynamic variations of αb, αm, αc and Fb, Fm, Fc have been characterized. Therein, αb and αm were determined from corresponding parameterization schemes, and αc was determined using mulched irrigated croplands surface albedo (MICA) relationship between α and αb, αm, and αc that was established in this study. Results indicated that 1) compared with measurements, considering the effect of plastic mulch will significantly improve estimation of α when the ground surface is not fully covered by the crop canopy, while not underestimating α by a mean value of 0.061 in the early growth period, and 2) mean values of α, αb, αm, and αc during the whole growth period were 0.198, 0.174, 0.308, and 0.160, respectively, while the corresponding Fb, Fm, and Fc were 0.08, 0.42, and 0.50, respectively.
Associations Between Implicit and Explicit Condom Use Measures With Condom Use Barriers: Relationships Make A Difference
Authors: Levy Einav , Warner Lisa M. , Fleig Lena , Kaufman Michelle R. , Gidron Yori
Published: March 2023

Objective: The association between explicit and implicit psychological measures might be affected by the similarity of the assessment method and by the overlap of the components of the constructs being assessed. This study examined the association between condom use barriers and explicit and implicit measurements of condom use and the moderating role of sexual intercourse in these associations. Design: This was a cross sectional correlational study. An analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial including 149 university students was included. Main measures: These included a questionnaire assessing condom use barriers, an implicit condom use test (a structured semi-projective test), and an explicit condom use question. Hierarchical regressions and correlations were examined in the full sample and by groups of participants with and without sexual intercourse. Results: In those without sexual intercourse, all barriers sub-scales were significantly and negatively correlated with implicit condom use and unrelated to explicit condom use. In contrast, among those engaged in sexual intercourse, barriers were significantly and negatively correlated with the explicit condom use measure, and only barriers concerning partner and motivation correlated with implicit condom use tendencies. Conclusion: Having a sexual partner plays a major role in the relations between barriers and implicit and explicit condom use measures. The pattern of the results is discussed in relation to cognitive and social factors.
Difficult texts: 2 Samuel 24.1 – Why did God incite David?
Authors: Tobing Oscard L.
Published: March 2023

An implausible sentence begins the narrative of David’s census in 2 Samuel 24.1–17. There is no information that indicates that David and Israel had made a fatal mistake, but God suddenly became angry with them. Moreover, consequences of God’s wrath even included three days of plague for the people of Israel. In sum, God was the one who incited David to record the number of fighting men of Israel, but the Israelites grievously bore the divine punishment. This passage seems hard to understand. In fact, one of the possible solutions comes from Joab’s response to David’s order, which David should have anticipated.
Do they need us? Linking functional indispensability and voice behavior: The role of psychological ownership, job insecurity and organizational ambidexterity
Authors: Alves Diogo , Duarte Ana Patrícia , Rosa Miriam , da Silva Sílvia
Published: March 2023

This study looked into how workers’ perception of their team’s functional indispensability motivates them to engage in promotive voice behavior. The mediating role of psychological ownership and the moderator roles of job insecurity and organizational ambidexterity were also examined. Data from 820 Portuguese workers from different business sectors were analyzed using multiple regression techniques. Results indicate that perceived functional indispensability is positively associated with employee voice behavior, and this relationship is mediated by increased psychological ownership of the organization. Moreover, quantitative job insecurity weakens the link between indispensability and ownership, while ambidexterity reinforces the relationship between indispensability and voice.
Case History of the FTQ's Social Stewards Network: A Unique Experiment in Union Peer Support for Mental Health in Workplaces in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Dufour-Poirier Mélanie , D’Ortun Francine
Published: March 2023

This article summarizes 10 years of research on an alternative actor providing peer support in Quebec workplaces since 1983: the Quebec Federation of Labor's Union Social Stewards Peer Support Network. Such work fills the gap in research on unions’ capacity to act with respect to workplace mental health and take collective control of preventing its injuries. Data were collated through 12 discussions (120-min) groups and some 60 semi-structured individual (90-min) interviews. Our findings highlight the importance of local unionism in maintaining workplace mental health. They also reiterate unions’ need to consider mental health injuries in the workplace as opportunities for reconstructing their strategies so as to rethink work and help institute a truly preventive strategy involving all stakeholders.
Stereotype Content of North African Men and Women in France and Its Relation to Aggression
Authors: Fourgassie Lisa , Subra Baptiste , Sanitioso Rasyid Bo
Published: March 2023

The present research examines the stereotypes held about North Africans in French society today. Extending past works, we included gender and separately studied the stereotypes of North African men and women. Using three techniques, namely, spontaneous generation, attribute rating, and pathfinder analysis, our results revealed distinct stereotypes of North African men and women in French society. North African men are ascribed more antisocial traits. Traits associated with North African women are related to submissiveness and domestic chores. This suggests that stereotypes revealed in past studies concerned mainly the men of the group. The results underscore the need to consider gender when studying stereotypes of ethnic and minority groups.
Imagining a Safe Place: Emotion Regulation with Detachment Intervention
Authors: Drujan Marta , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Batra Anil , Fuhr Kristina
Published: March 2023

Although the induction of a safe place led to changes on physiological level with impact for emotional processing, the effect on emotion regulation is still unclear. This study examined the effects of a self-distant reflecting strategy (safe place induction) on positive and negative affect compared to a self-immersed way of reflecting (rumination task) on a negative autobiographic event. In a student population, 54 healthy participants underwent recalled a sad autobiographic memory before they were randomly assigned 1:1 to either the safe place induction or the rumination task. We could demonstrate that after negative mood induction the participants in the safe place condition showed a significantly stronger improvement in positive, but not negative affect in contrast to the rumination condition. Detachment training via safe place induction could serve as an emotion regulation strategy for positive affect when dealing with sad memories.
Discrimination by avoidance: The underrepresentation of Indigenous Australians in leadership positions within the Australian Football League
Authors: Khatibi Mahsa , Elgenius Gabriella , Turner Paul , Ferrer Justine
Published: March 2023

This article explores the career development and underrepresentation of Indigenous Australians in leadership and management positions within the Australian Football League (AFL); it explains the continued underrepresentation as a case of ‘avoiding discrimination’. Using institutional theory, this research fills a gap in existing scholarship by contributing to understanding the mechanisms by which organisations avoid addressing underrepresentation and enforce discriminatory practices in three significant ways. First, organisations may claim equality and assume that the organisation is characterised by a climate of inclusion as a way of ignoring issues of underrepresentation. Second, organisations utilise diversity management to improve the image of the organisation and engage in legitimising practices that contribute towards improving the brand. Third, organisations also engage in silencing practices by exercising internal control over employees, in this case players, and prohibiting them from participating in public debates about racial abuse. This study concludes that avoiding underrepresentation contributes to the continued exclusion of Indigenous Australians in leadership positions within the AFL, conceptualised here as a case of ‘ discrimination by avoidance’.

JEL Classification:

M540 Personnel Economics: Labor Management
Effects of lubricants and billet geometry on the extrusion of AA6063/5% SiCp composites
Authors: Veerasundaram Jayaseelan , Kani Kalaichelvan , Nallumuthu Ramasamy , Thangaraj Muthuramalingam
Published: March 2023

Lubricants are necessary for metal forming to avoid direct contact, adhesion, transfer, and scratches from materials and tools. It is also essential for increasing tool durability and reducing energy use. The work aims to study the effects of lubricants and billet geometry on the extrusion of AA6063/5% SiCp. The lubricants were used such as graphite, zinc stearate, and molybdenum disulphide. The friction factor has been determined by the lubricant effect and billet geometry. The simulation was done for the lubricated condition which was compared with experimental results. It was found that improved billet quality was obtained by the graphite-lubricated 12:8 configuration die profile. Also, the friction factor for the graphite-lubricated 12:8 configuration dies profile was 10.5% less compared to other configure profiles. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the surface of the lubricated extruded component, and samples were examined utilizing energy-dispersive X-ray analyses.
Emotional Disclosure and Social Judgment
Authors: Harber Kent D. , Vila Valeria M.
Published: March 2023

Negative emotions can negatively bias social judgment. However, these emotions can be tempered when expressed, suggesting that emotional disclosure might enable fairer evaluations. Three projects confirmed this prediction. Subjects who disclosed about a past betrayal, compared to those who suppressed, felt closer to their betrayers—the first step toward forgiveness. Disclosing the emotions evoked by viewing an assault, compared with suppressing those feelings, reduced victim blaming. Disclosure did not reduce blaming of victimizers, indicating that disclosure addresses specific emotions rather than calms general arousal. A recent study showed that disclosing a personal travail of any kind promotes acceptance of COVID-19 facts among political conservatives. Collectively, these results indicate that expressing troubling thoughts and feelings can enhance social judgment.
Compassion fatigue and moral sensitivity in midwives in COVID-19
Authors: Aydin Dogan Reyhan , Huseyinoglu Sebahat , Yazici Saadet
Published: March 2023

Background

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted compassion fatigue and the mental health of health care providers, particularly midwives and nurses. Although there are studies involving health workers such as nurses and physicians affected by the pandemic’s compassion fatigue, few studies include midwives.

Research objective

The present study seeks to investigate the effects of compassion fatigue experienced by midwives working under intense stress during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of moral sensitivity.

Research design

This is a descriptive-correlation study.

Participants

The statistical population consisted of all the midwives in Türkiye hospitals in 2021. This cross-sectional study was collected through a questionnaire using convenience sampling. Three hundred and ten midwives working in different units of the country participated in the study.

Ethical considerations

Approval from the researcher’s university Institutional Review Board for ethical review was obtained with the code of IRB 20/510.

Findings

The average age of the midwives is 34.29 ± 8.39. It has been noticed that 43.5% of the midwives work in public hospitals and 38.1% in family health and community health centers. Midwives’ mean MR-CS score is 67.11 ± 25.13, secondary trauma sub-dimension average 15.77 ± 6.23, and occupational burnout sub-dimension 40.69 ± 16.35. The mean moral sensitivity questionnaire score is determined as 93.86 ± 19.51. It has been observed that the working style and working time are effective on compassion fatigue. In the linear regression model, 98% of compassion fatigue was explained. Age, secondary trauma, and occupational burnout sub-dimensions affect the model.

Discussion

Working year, working style, second trauma, age, and occupational burnout parameters may help explain some of the links between midwives’ symptoms of compassion fatigue.

Conclusion

The pandemic affects the compassion fatigue of midwives. It is crucial to provide social support to midwives and health workers to prevent compassion fatigue and examine and control groups at risk in mental health.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Income of Entrepreneurs Who Borrowed from SHG
Authors: Malhotra Nishi , Baag Pankaj Kumar
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has shaken the world. After liberalization in 1991, microfinance became a panacea for poor people without collateral and information asymmetry. The higher cost of microfinance and debt traps highlighted the need for the state to intervene in resource redistribution. In addition, national lockdowns and COVID-19 restrictions have made it difficult for emerging economies like India to achieve this sustainable development goal. The Reserve Bank of India introduced self-help group (SHG) bank linkage to ensure the financial inclusion of the poor. The difference-in-difference method examined how SHGs affect entrepreneur households’ income. CMIE Consumer Pyramid dx data were used for analysis. The data establish that SHGs have increased the income of the households, and demographic factors such as education, income level and gender also impact the financial inclusion of the poor.