bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Применение геосинтетических материалов в структуре устройства дорожных одежд для различных гидрогеологических условий строительства платных автомобильных дорог (на примере Краснодарского края)
Authors: Алексей Е.К. , Александр Н.М. , Арина А.Ф.
Published: January 2025

Представлены классификации геосинтетических материалов (ГСМ) и грунтов для экономического обоснования выбора конструкций дорожной одежды для различных гидрогеологических условий строительства платных автомобильных дорог. Разработана схема выбора ГСМ в зависимости от условий строительства платных автомобильных дорог. Рассмотрены физические и химические характеристики сырья для изготовления ГСМ. Представлены рассчитанные варианты схем конструкций дорожной одежды без применения и с применением ГСМ в целях оценки затрат на материалы при строительстве платной автомобильной дороги.

Classification of geosynthetic materials and soils are presented for the economic justification of the choiceof pavement structures for various hydrogeological conditions for the construction of toll roads. A scheme for the selection of geosynthetic materials has been developed, depending on the hydrogeological conditions of the construction of toll roads. The physical and chemical characteristics of raw materials for the manufacture of geosynthetic materials are considered. The calculatedvariants of the schemes of pavement structures without the use and with the use of geosynthetic materials are presented in order to estimate the cost of materials during the construction of a toll highway.
Роль системного анализа в процессе обнаружения и предотвращения SQL-инъекций
Authors: Лев С.Р.
Published: January 2025

В данной статье рассматривается роль системного анализа в предотвращении и обнаружении атак SQL-инъекций, представляющих серьезную угрозу для информационных систем. Системный анализ содействует разработчикам и администраторам в создании безопасных приложений и баз данных, способных эффективно защищать данные от вредоносных атак.

This paper discusses the role of system analysis in preventing and detecting SQL injection attacks that pose a serious threat to information systems. System analysis assists developers and administrators in creating secure applications and databases that can effectively protect data from malicious attacks.
Перспективы применения отходов промышленных предприятий в производстве легких бетонов специального назначения
Authors: Светлана В.С. , Юлия В.С.
Published: January 2025

Целью является разработка составов керамзитобетонов на основе местных сырьевых материалов с применением отходов промышленных производств, позволяющих значительно повысить физико-термические показатели футеровки и увеличить её стойкость и долговечность, а также легких конструкционно-теплоизоляционных бетонов для изготовления стеновых панелей промышленных зданий. Изучение состава, свойств сырьевых материалов и изделий проводились с помощью химических методов. Разработаны составы легких жаростойких бетонов для возведения футеровок тепловых агрегатов и керамзитобетона для стеновых панелей промышленных зданий. Доказана возможность улучшения физико- термических свойств жаростойких бетонов с помощью разработанного состава на основе керамзитового гравия Самарского керамзитового завода с применением отходов местных промышленных производств (алюмохромистый отход нефтехимии – отработанный катализатор ИМ - 2201) и изготовления конструкционно-теплоизоляционных керамзитобетонных стеновых панелей на основе керамзитового гравия Самарского керамзитового завода с применением отходов местных промышленных производств (золы Безымянской теплоэлектроцентрали (г. Самара) и Новокуйбышевской теплоэлектроцентрали (Самарская область)) в качестве мелкого заполнителя.

The aim is to develop compositions of lightweight heat-resistant concretes of hydraulic hardening on porous aggregates (expanded clay pellets/gravel) based on local raw materials, which significantly increase the physical and thermal properties of the lining and increase its durability and durability, and light structural and thermal insulation concretes for the manufacture of wall panels of industrial buildings. The composition and properties of raw materials and products were studied using chemical methods. Compositions of light heat-resistant concretes have been developed for the construction of linings of thermal units and expanded clay concrete for wall panels of industrial buildings. The possibility of improving the physical and thermal properties of heat-resistant concretes with the help of a developed composition based on local rafter materials (such as expanded clay pellets of the Samara Expanded Clay Plant) using waste from local industrial plants (alumochromic wastes from petrochemicals – spent catalyst IM - 2201) and the manufacture of structural and thermal insulation expanded clay concrete wall panels based on expanded clay pellets of the Samara Expanded clay Plant using waste from local industrial plants (ash of the Bezymyanskaya thermal power plant (Samara) and Novokuibyshevskaya thermal power plant (Samara region) as a fine filler).
Современные технологии автоматизированного проектирования горных автомобильных магистралей в России
Authors: Сергей С.Б. , Вадим А.Б. , Сергей А.Р. , Александр Р.Ш. , Игорь И.А.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассмотрен вопрос применения современных технологий автоматизированного проектирования горных автомобильных магистралей в России. Освещены подробности проектирования отдельных участков дороги с устройством тоннелей, эстакад, виадуков, мостов и других сложных искусственных сооружений.

The article considers the issue of the application of modern technologies for computer-aided design of mountain highways in Russia. Details of the design of individual sections of the road with the construction of tunnels, overpasses, viaducts, bridges and other complex artificial structures are highlighted.
Влияние реконструкции улично-дорожной сети города на характеристики транспортных потоков на примере г. Краснодара
Authors: Ирина Н.К. , Иван С.С. , Даниил Э.Д.
Published: January 2025

В данной статье авторы рассматривают изменение характеристик транспортных потоков при реконструкции улично-дорожной сети г. Краснодара.

In this article, the authors consider changes in the characteristics of traffic flows during the reconstruction of the road network of Krasnodar.
Разработка нейросетевой архитектуры для программно-аппаратного комплекса верификации личности
Authors: Вера А.Ч. , Александр С.Е.
Published: January 2025

В статье описано решение задачи верификации личности на основе нейросетевой архитектуры посредством обработки данных с помощью программно- аппаратного комплекса. Для создания нейросетевой архитектуры рассматриваются два подхода: сверточная нейронная сеть, ансамбль регрессии деревьев. При разработке модели проанализированы алгоритм и параметры, а также используемый датасет изображений для обучения нейросети. В ходе исследования протестированы разработанные нейросетевые архитектуры. В качестве параметра для верификации используется евклидово расстояние; на основе сравнения двух тензоров изображений выдается результат в числовом формате, с помощью которого определяется схожесть лица. В работе сделан вывод о том, что в ходе исследований подход на основе ансамбля регрессии деревьев с использованием библиотеки OpenCV показал лучшие результаты, чем сверточная нейронная сеть.

The article describes the solution of the problem of identity verification based on neural network architecture through data processing using a hardware and software complex. To create a neural network architecture, two approaches are considered: a convolutional neural network, and an ensemble of regression trees. When developing the model, the algorithm and parameters were analyzed, as well as the image dataset used to train the neural network. During the research, the developed neural network architectures were tested. The Euclidean distance is used as a parameter for verification; based on the comparison of two image tensors, the result is given in a numerical format, which is used to determine the similarity of the face. The paper concludes that in the course of research, an approach based on an ensemble of regression trees using the OpenCV library showed better results than a convolutional neural network.
Примеры методики построения оптимальной конфигурации искусственной нейронной сети для управления судовым синхронным генератором
Authors: Александр Б.К. , Дарья А.Т. , Виктор Е.Ш.
Published: January 2025

На сегодняшний день актуализируется задача, связанная с обеспечением наиболее стабильной и надежной работы синхронного генератора. При этом именно синхронный генератор является основным источником электроэнергии в большинстве электрических сетей. Одним из методов решения данной задачи является разработка и использование нечеткой модели управления синхронным генератором. Основной целью представленной статьи является выполнение разработки нечеткой модели управления синхронным генератором. Для достижения цели предполагается решение ряда задач, связанных с построением математической модели и разработкой искусственной нейронной сети управления синхронными генератором. Основным результатом работы стало построение оптимальной конфигурации искусственной нейронной сети для управления синхронным генератором. В результате работы применены такие теоретические и эмпирические методы исследования, как анализ, синтез, обобщение и эксперимент. Информационной базой исследования стали научные материалы отечественного и зарубежного авторства. Научная ценность работы определяется новизной полученных результатов и разработкой новой модели управления синхронным генератором на основе нейронной сети. Практическая значимость материалов статьи состоит в возможности применения нечеткой модели управления синхронным генератором в управлении системой смешанной генерации электроэнергии.

To date, the task of ensuring the most stable and reliable operation of the synchronous generator is being updated. At the same time, it is the synchronous generator that is the main source of electricity in most electrical networks around the world. One of the methods for solving this problem is the development and use of a fuzzy control model for a synchronous generator. The main purpose of the presented article is to develop a fuzzy control model for a synchron generator. To achieve this goal, it is assumed to solve a number of tasks related to the construction of a mathematical model and the development of an artificial neural network for controlling synchronous generators. The main result of the work was the construction of an optimal configuration of an artificial neural network for controlling a synchronous generator. As a result of the work, such theoretical and empirical research methods as analysis, synthesis, generalization and experiment are applied. The information base of the research was scientific materials of domestic and foreign authors. The scientific value of the work is determined by the novelty of the results obtained and the development of a new model for controlling a synchronous generator based on a neural network. The practical significance of the materials of the article consists in the possibility of using a fuzzy model of synchronous generator control in the management of a mixed power generation system.
Влияние методики изготовления образцов на однородность результатов измерения прочности на сжатие и плотности искусственного камня на цементном вяжущем
Authors: Илья С.У. , Алексей В.К. , Алексей Б.
Published: January 2025

В работе проанализированы основные недостатки существующей методики оценки марки (класса) цемента по прочности, обоснована низкая эффективность данной методики при проведении научных исследований ввиду низкой однородности результатов. Авторами предложена новая методика изготовления образцов из цементно- песчаного раствора методом прессования для оценки марки (класса) цемента по прочности. Выдвинута гипотеза о том, что при использовании указанной методики снижается влияние подвижности цементно-песчаного раствора и, как следствие, свойств заполнителя и водоцементного отношения на однородность результатов. Для проверки данной гипотезы авторами проведен эксперимент: по авторской методике изготовлены три партии образцов, проведены измерения прочности на сжатие и плотности. Проведен анализ однородности полученных результатов. По результатам анализа сформулированы выводы.

The paper analyzes the main disadvantages of the existing methodology for evaluating the brand (class) In terms of cement strength, the low efficiency of this technique in conducting scientific research is justified due to the low uniformity of the results. The authors have proposed a new method for manufacturing samples from cement-sand mortar by pressing method to evaluate the grade (class) cement strength. It is hypothesized that when using this technique, the effect of the mobility of the cement-sand solution and, as a result, the properties of the filler and the water-cement ratio on the uniformity of the results is reduced. To test this hypothesis, the authors conducted an experiment: according to the author's methodology, three batches of samples were made, compressive strength and density were measured. The analysis of the uniformity of the obtained results is carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions are formulated.
المستوى الدلالي والمعجمي للازدواجية اللغوية في عصور الاحتجاج
Authors: الرهاوي محمد خالد
Published: January 2025

هذا البحث متمم لبحث سبقه بعنوان الازدواجية اللغوية في القرن الأول الهجري تعرض لمفهومها وتاريخ ظهورها وأسبابها ومظاهرها، ويتناول هذا البحث الازدواجية اللغوية في القرن الأول الهجري على المستوى الدلالي والمعجمي؛ بدأ بتمهيد بين فيه مستويات الأداء اللغوي الخمسة: مستوى الأداء القرآني، ومستوى الأداء الشعري، ومستوى الأداء الرسمي، ومستوى الأداء النثري، ومستوى الأداء اليومي. ثم أشار إلى مستويات الازدواجية اللغوية: مستوى المعجم، والمستوى الصوتي، والمستوى الصرفي، والمستوى النحوي، وأدار البحث على المستوى المعجمي الذي بدا في مظهرين، المظهر الأول تمثل في اختلاف دلالات اللفظ الواحد بين القبائل وبرز ذلك في ثلاث مسائل هي الأضداد وكثرة المسميات باسم واحد وتعدد دلالات اللفظ الواحد، والمظهر الثاني تمثل في تعدد الألفاظ الدالة على المعنى الواحد، وبرز ذلك في مسألتين هما كثرة الأسماء لمسمى واحد والترادف، موردا شواهد لغوية كثيرة توضح المقصود في كل جانب من جوانب هذا المستوى من الازدواجية اللغوية، ثم ختم بأبرز النتائج.
De novo designed β-hairpin peptides mimicking the LPMO copper-binding histidine brace motif
Authors: Falcone Enrico , Tomey Rosemary , Turley Emma , Cannella David , Robinson David , Ciano Luisa
Published: January 2025

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are Cu-based enzymes that play a crucial role in lignocellulosic biomass degradation for use in biofuel production. These enzymes carry out the selective oxidation of C-H bonds in the sugar units, leading to the cleavage of the glycosidic bond. Creating LPMO mimics facilitates the study of the mechanism of action, the characterisation of the reactive species responsible for the C-H bond activation and the potential scale up for industrial application. Here we report the synthesis, characterisation and activity assays of two novel Cu-peptides complexes that mimic the LPMO active site. We carried out CD, ATR-FTIR and EPR spectroscopic studies of the peptides and their corresponding copper complexes, showing that the sequences fold in a β-hairpin conformation and produce complexes with a single copper ion bound in an LPMO-like environment, confirmed by computational studies. Activity assays were conducted with p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) and demonstrated that the Cu-complexes can perform LPMO-like activity on the model substrate. Furthermore, the Cu-hairpins were also able to perform light-driven oxidation of phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) in the presence of melanin, similarly to some LPMO enzymes, an activity that is unreported for any LPMO mimic characterised so far. This work is the first example of a β-hairpin LPMO mimic and paves the way to further exploration of small peptide mimics of this key class of metalloenzymes.
Beyond Numerical Hessians: Higher-Order Derivatives for Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials via Automatic Differentiation
Authors: Gönnheimer Nils , Reuter Karsten , Margraf Johannes T.
Published: January 2025

The development of machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) has revolutionized computational chemistry by enhancing the accuracy of empirical force fields while retaining a large computational speed-up compared to first-principles calculations. Despite these advancements, the calculation of Hessian matrices for large systems remains challenging, in particular, because analytical second-order derivatives are often not implemented. This necessitates the use of computationally expensive finite-difference methods, which can furthermore display low precision in some cases. Automatic differentiation (AD) offers a promising alternative to reduce this computational effort and make the calculation of Hessian matrices more efficient and accurate. Here, we present the implementation of AD-based second-order derivatives for the popular MACE equivariant graph neural network architecture. The benefits of this method are showcased via a high-throughput prediction of heat capacities of porous materials with the MACE-MP-0 foundation model. This is essential for precisely describing gas adsorption in these systems and was previously only possible with bespoke ML models or expensive first-principles calculations. We find that the availability of foundation models and accurate analytical Hessian matrices offers comparable accuracy to bespoke ML models in a zero-shot manner, and additionally allows investigating finite size and rounding errors in the first-principles data.
Evaluating electrospun polycaprolactone fibers for blood-contacting applications
Authors: Kuddushi Muzammil , Pawar Aishwarya , Sharaf Mehdi Ghaffari , Unsworth Larry , Zhang Xuehua
Published: January 2025

When the kidneys are injured, uremic toxins (UTXs) accumulate in the body, affecting other tissues and causing a loss of essential body functions. This study investigated the adsorption of blood plasma-laden uremic toxins on the surface of PCL fibers to assess their potential as an alternative to membrane dialysis materials. Using plasma containing 25 uremic toxins at a concentration similar to that found in end-stage kidney disease patients, we analyzed the adsorbed proteins and examined clot formation in normal and toxin-treated plasma in the presence of PCL fiberss. Our findings revealed that the presence of uremic toxins significantly increased the adsorption of proteins on PCL fiber meshes, without leading to increased clot formation. This suggests a lack of enzymatic activation despite the higher protein adsorption. Additionally, our study indicates that unmodified PCL surfaces have the potential to trigger a strong humoral immune response, underscoring the importance of understanding these interactions for the development of personalized treatment approaches for patients with kidney failure.
Computational Insights into Hydrogen Interaction with the Ru (101 ̅1) and Ru (101 ̅0) Surfaces: Implications for Alkane and Polyolefin Hydrogenolysis
Authors: Colasuonno Fabio , Umer Sohaib , Lessio Martina
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen interaction with transition metal surfaces such as those exposed by ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles is critical in applications like hydrogen storage and catalytic processes such as Fischer-Tropsch, Haber-Bosch, and plastic waste hydrogenolysis. While the Ru (0001) surface is well-studied, hydrogen interaction with the Ru (101 ̅1) and Ru (101 ̅0) facets remains mostly underexplored. In this contribution, we use density functional theory calculations to investigate hydrogen adsorption and dissociation and provide insights into the adsorbed hydrogen role in catalytic polyolefin plastic hydrogenolysis. We start our investigation by exploring all the unique surface and subsurface sites for hydrogen adsorption and dissociation and identify hcp and higher hollow as the most favorable atomic hydrogens adsorption sites on the Ru (101 ̅1) and Ru (101 ̅0) surfaces, respectively. We find that atomic hydrogen can easily migrate on these surfaces to achieve the most stable arrangement at different coverages. We then combine these findings with ab-initio thermodynamics and microkinetic modeling to build surface phase diagrams, which show that both surfaces are fully hydrogenated under typical catalytic conditions. We then study how the presence of the full hydrogen coverage affects the adsorption and dehydrogenation of butane as a proxy for polyethylene, as these are the initial steps in the catalytic hydrogenolysis of polyolefin plastic waste. We find that the adsorption energy of butane decreases when the two surfaces are fully hydrogenated but adsorption remains favorable. We then investigate two possible mechanisms for the dehydrogenation step. The most favorable dehydrogenation mechanism involves the reaction of a surface hydrogen with an alkane hydrogen to produce H2 gas and an adsorbed alkyl radical. However, both mechanisms have positive reaction free energies suggesting that polyolefin dehydrogenation will be slow on these surfaces.
Quantifying the Signaling Role of Education
Authors: Kaymak Barış
Published: January 2025

This paper quantifies the signaling role of education and measures the associated efficiency losses from asymmetric information. To that end, I model educational attainment and occupational choices in an asymmetric information environment with employer learning and socially productive education. The model highlights how occupational sorting and the pace of employer learning jointly determine the strength of the signaling motive in equilibrium. I estimate the signaling role of education versus human capital by relating differences in employer learning across occupations, which generates variation in signaling incentives, to the distribution of ability and educational attainment by occupation. The estimates suggest that the role of job market signaling relative to the human capital model is 23 percent. On the margin, a year of additional schooling raises productivity by 6.4 percent and the return to signaling is 2.4 percent. In a counterfactual analysis, eliminating asymmetric information reallocates labor from education to workforce participation and improves occupational sorting. Aggregate efficiency gains are equivalent to 7.6 percent of lifetime earnings.
Challenges and Tactics in English Language Teaching from an Indian Perspective
Authors: Priyadarshini Mariya Kiruba
Published: January 2025

Teaching English in India holds a unique and complex position, shaped by the country’s colonial history, diverse linguistic landscape, and socio-economic disparities. As one of the most widely spoken languages globally, English bridges communication, education, and economic mobility. In India, it is not merely a language but a symbol of aspiration and opportunity, often regarded as a tool for upward social mobility and a gateway to global integration. However, English Language Teaching (ELT) in India is fraught with challenges, ranging from resource constraints and pedagogical gaps to linguistic diversity and socio-cultural barriers.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SINGLE CRYSTALS
Authors: Pandian Muthu Senthil , Ramasamy P.
Published: January 2025

It’s a great pleasure to introduce this book, your ultimate guide to exploring the fascinating world of crystals, offering a deep dive into both classic and cutting-edge analytical techniques. This book is designed for students, researchers, professionals, and enthusiasts who are eager to deepen their understanding of crystals and expand their expertise. Whether you’re involved in materials science, solid-state physics, chemistry, engineering, or cutting-edge fields like semiconductor technology, photonics, biomaterials, and nanotechnology, this book provides the essential tools for precise and thorough crystal characterization. It covers a wide spectrum of techniques. By combining core principles with the latest advancements, this book offers a comprehensive resource to explore the structure, behavior, and groundbreaking applications of crystals in today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape.
Vickers and Knoop Microhardness for Single Crystals
Authors: Ezhil Vizhi R.
Published: January 2025

The Vickers microhardness test is a well-known technique in materials science and engineering, designed to measure the hardness of materials at the microscale. The hardness method is critical for various mechanical properties, such as hardness, plasticity, and fracture toughness, and it has the ability to measure microhardness accurately across a broad range of material hardness, making it an important
Swift Heavy Ion (SHI) Irradiation Effect on Crystalline Materials
Authors: Nagalakshmi R. , Srinivasan P. , Singh Anurag Kumar
Published: January 2025

Single crystals of hydroxyethyl ammonium Ltartrate monohydrate (HEALT) and potassium tetrakis (thiourea) bromide (KTTB) were grown using the slow evaporation solution technique (SEST). The HEALT crystal was irradiated at room temperature with 100 MeV oxygen ions and 200 MeV gold ions, while KTTB crystals were irradiated with 40 MeV lithium ions. Both pure and irradiated crystals were characterized to investigate the effects of irradiation on their properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed defects generated as a result of irradiation. Powder Xray diffraction (PXRD) analysis indicated that the HEALT crystal experienced lattice disorder following irradiation. Additionally, both unirradiated and irradiated single crystals were characterized using photoluminescence and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy to examine radiation-induced defects. A decrease in band gap values was observed in the irradiated samples. The effects of swift heavy ion beams on dielectric dispersion were thoroughly analyzed and summarized.
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM)
Authors: Senthil Murugan G. , Khatua J.
Published: January 2025

Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) is a powerful tool for characterizing magnetic properties of crystals. Its sensitivity and versatility make it particularly suitable for differentiating anisotropic properties in single crystals of magnetic materials. This study highlights the application of VSM in probing magnetic anisotropy, where directional dependence of magnetic properties is of significant interest. Through systematic measurements of magnetization as a function of applied field and temperature across various crystal orientations, the VSM results demonstrate inherent anisotropic behavior stemming from the crystal structure and magnetic interactions. These results provide valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing magnetic anisotropy and facilitate the design of advanced materials for magnetic and spintronic applications. The findings underscore the potential of VSM in advancing research on single-crystal magnetic systems and tailoring their properties for specific technological needs.
Materials Perspective on Organic NLO Single Crystals for Efficient Generation and Detection of Terahertz Waves
Authors: Karthick S. , Aya Satoshi , Thirupugalmani K. , Chaudhary A. K. , Brahadeeswaran S.
Published: January 2025

There has been incessant quest for materials suitable for nonlinear optical and, under certain conditions, for Terahertz (THz) applications. In recent years extensive research is being carried out in the field of generation and detection of Terahertz (THz) waves. These waves are in great demand due to their applications in variety of areas such as basic and applied physics, biological, medical, communications and security. This THz region remained elusive in the electromagnetic spectrum due to lack of suitable and efficient sources and detectors and this gap is referred as “THz Gap”. Although there are presently a range of methods available for the generation and detection of THz waves, only few of them, such as Photoconductive (PC), free electron laser (FEL), Optical Rectification (OR), Difference Frequency Generation (DFG) are found to be efficient and they can facilitate to narrow down the “Gap” in the electromagnetic spectrum. The OR and DFG methods depend mainly on the availability of highly efficient nonlinear optical (NLO) methods. The present chapter focuses on the basic mechanism utilizing functional materials, i.e. molecular crystals, through which the THz waves can be generated and detected. Moreover, selected NLO crystalline materials such as stilbene derivatives, nitroanilines etc. and their role in realizing the generation and detection of THz waves will be discussed in a detailed manner. NLO and EO coefficients of inorganic semiconductor alloys are considerably lower than their organic counterparts such as 4-N, N-dimethylamino-4′-N′-methyl stilbazoliumtosylate (DAST), N-benzyl-2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (BNA), (4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-N′-methyl-stilbazolium 2,4,6- rimethylbenzenesulfonate) (DSTMS), 2-(3-(4- hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene) malononitrile (OH1) etc. The present chapter deals with the materials perspective on select group of organic NLO materials suitable for generation and detection of THz waves.
Characterization of Silicon Single Crystals
Authors: Balamurugan N.
Published: January 2025

Silicon characterization is a crucial step in the manufacturing process, ensuring the quality and performance of the devices. This chapter provides an overview of key techniques used to characterize the structural, physical (geometrical), optical and electrical properties of silicon crystals and wafers. Electrical characterization techniques, such as resistivity, carrier lifetime, and Hall Effect measurements, assess the electrical conductivity and carrier properties. Optical characterization techniques, including infrared and ellipsometry, provide insights into the geometrical properties by optical interferences. Structural characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, reveal the crystal orientation and defects. Chemical characterization techniques, such as FTIR, ICP-MS, analyze the oxygen, carbon and other metal impurities. By employing these characteristics, the industries can optimize the fabrication process and improve the performance and reliability of silicon-based devices.
The 2023 Israel-Hamas Conflict: Geopolitical Ripples from the Middle East to the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Amaresh Jha
Published: January 2025

The 2023 Israel-Hamas conflict has sent geopolitical shockwaves far beyond the Middle East, influencing strategic dynamics in the Indo-Pacific region. This paper explores how the war has reshaped alliances, regional stability, and foreign policy across Asia, focusing on India’s positioning amid this evolving landscape. While Middle Eastern powers like Iran and Hezbollah engaged more directly in the conflict, global players including the United States, China, and Russia have adjusted their strategies in both the Middle East and the Indo-Pacific. India, a key player in the Indo-Pacific, faces new challenges and opportunities. Balancing its traditional ties with Israel, growing energy dependence on the Gulf, and its Indo-Pacific strategy has placed India in a delicate position. This analysis delves into the broader implications of the Israel-Hamas conflict for India's geopolitical strategy, economic interests, and its role in an increasingly multipolar Indo-Pacific region.
Soft Power, Cinema, and Democratic Discourse
Authors: Aneesha Henry  , Asheesh Saini
Published: January 2025

When he first proposed the idea of soft power, Joseph Nye distinguished it from propaganda in a crucial way. He pointed out that "the instruments of soft power are not fully under the control of governments" since "culture and values are deeply rooted in civil societies." The complex interplay of soft power, democratic discourse, and Bollywood filmmaking in India is the subject of this theoretical study. Underlying the approach is Joseph Nye's important difference between propaganda and soft power, which he uses to stress that the former does not originate from governments but rather from the culture and values already present in civil populations. Soft power relies on credibility, as pointed out by Nye (2008), who cautions against propaganda-style deceptive messaging. Just as propaganda aims to transmit themes, soft power frequently arises as an unforeseen byproduct of artistic expression (Elliott, 2010). However, when it comes to cinema, the distinction between propaganda and soft power can become blurry. This is because films frequently reflect state-driven goals through their political and economic instrumentalization. As a cultural vanguard, Hindi film reflects and questions society standards, serving as a platform for the negotiation of democratic principles and standards. This article takes a look at Hindi films and how they change stories about democracy, how they promote conversations about equality, justice, and society ideals. It is a study to look at how Hindi cinema depicts democratic ideas and how it affects both viewers and filmmakers. It comes up with some important points on how culture, politics, and storytelling work together.
The Elusive Pivot: An Analysis of India's Regional Diplomacy and its Strategic Limitations
Authors: Debashis Chakrabarti
Published: January 2025

This article offers an in-depth analysis of India's "Neighbourhood First" policy, exploring its regional diplomatic efforts alongside notable achievements and persistent challenges. Using game theory, international relations frameworks, and case studies, it identifies key obstacles hindering India’s pursuit of regional leadership. These include internal constraints such as political instability, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and limited funding; external challenges like China’s expanding influence, cross-border terrorism, and unresolved historical disputes; and strategic shortcomings characterized by reactionary diplomacy, over-reliance on hard power, and underutilization of soft power tools. The study concludes by advocating for a recalibrated regional approach, focusing on confidence-building measures, cooperative frameworks to address shared challenges, and strategic use of soft power to strengthen India’s leadership in South Asia.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SINGLE CRYSTALS
Authors: Pandian Dr. Muthu Senthil
Published: January 2025

It’s a great pleasure to introduce this book, your ultimate guide to exploring the fascinating world of crystals, offering a deep dive into both classic and cutting-edge analytical techniques. This book is designed for students, researchers, professionals, and enthusiasts who are eager to deepen their understanding of crystals and expand their expertise. Whether you’re involved in materials science, solid-state physics, chemistry, engineering, or cutting-edge fields like semiconductor technology, photonics, biomaterials, and nanotechnology, this book provides the essential tools for precise and thorough crystal characterization. It covers a wide spectrum of techniques. By combining core principles with the latest advancements, this book offers a comprehensive resource to explore the structure, behavior, and groundbreaking applications of crystals in today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape.
Visuals and text in pharmaceutical advertising: A multimodal analysis and ethical dilemmas
Authors: Nasakina Svitlana
Published: January 2025

This article deals with the multimodality in modern English-language advertising. The influence of advertising on consumers has been a subject of many investigations among linguists. In this present paper, I build on the theoretical and practical data gained by researchers who studied virtual influencers in multimodal advertising, discussed the unique characteristics of the suggestion realization strategies in political advertising, evaluated advertisement discourse influence formula in terms of positive and negative orientation of the advertisement, investigated various functions of different contact languages in advertising, the phenomenon of multimodality in the Polish advertising of pharmaceutical products with the audio-visual spots. Scholars also used a pragmatic approach to advertisements in Britain and Japan and conducted a multimodal discourse analysis of malaria drugs advertisement. However, the role of multimodality in the context of pharmaceutical advertising remains understudied. Advertised pharmaceutical products have an impact on human consciousness. Misleading or inaccurate information can seriously affect consumers, including adverse health outcomes. The unique nature of pharmaceutical advertising makes pharmaceutical advertising different from other types of advertising, like political or consumer advertising. The material for this study consists of 500 samples in both paper and electronic formats. I hypothesize that the multimodal character of pharmaceutical advertising, incorporating both verbal and non-verbal elements, significantly enhances its persuasive impact by influencing consumer emotions and encouraging them to select specific pharmaceuticals. To prove this hypothesis, I identified patterns of interaction between verbal and non-verbal components through the prism of words, images, signs, and symbols. In this research, a multimodal approach allowed to uncover both the intended meanings and the subtle manipulation tactics used in pharmaceutical advertising.
Current Research Trends and Advances in Osteoarthritis: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Dang Zewei , Zhang Yuqiang , Li Ya , He Yupeng , Wang Wei
Published: January 2025

Background: With the aging of the population and the rise in obesity and injury rates, the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is increasing annually. Therefore, it is necessary to study experimental OA models. Methods: From January 1, 2000 to November 25, 2023, articles on the selection of experimental OA models from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) were collected. CiteSpace was used to analyze countries or regions, institutions, authors, bursting keywords, and references. Co-authorship, co-journal, and keyword co-occurrence visual analyses were performed using VOSviewer. Results: An analysis of 3,206 articles found that the annual volume of articles showed a rapid growth trend. The United States leads in terms of number of publications (1,039), total citations (29,844), h-index (77), and intermediary centrality (0.24), showing the journal with the most articles on Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. The emerging keywords stem cell, cartilage repair, and oxidative stress from 2019 to 2023 reflect the current study hotspots. Conclusion: This study comprehensively summarizes the research progress of OA model selection and evaluation criteria using bibliometric analysis, and provides a valuable reference for further establishing OA standard models, evaluation criteria, and researchers in this field.
Application of Plasma Spraying Technology in Surface Modification of Orthopedic Implants
Authors: Yang Ren
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the demand for orthopedic implants in the medical field has been continuously increasing. At present, clinical personnel need to pay attention to various performance aspects of orthopedic implants when applying them, such as strength, wear resistance, corrosiveness, antibacterial properties, etc. In terms of surface modification of orthopedic implants, clinical personnel can apply plasma spraying technology. This technology can not only improve surface hardness and wear resistance, enhance biocompatibility and osteogenic ability, but also achieve antibacterial treatment, which helps to improve the clinical treatment effect of orthopedics. To this end, the article explores plasma spraying technology and orthopedic implants, analyzes the application of plasma spraying technology in surface modification of orthopedic implants, and raises some application issues from an industry perspective, hoping to improve the application effect of plasma spraying technology, promote research in the field of surface modification of orthopedic implants, and help better develop clinical treatment in orthopedics in China.
Clinical Observation of the Efficacy of Acupotomy Combined with Ultrasound Therapy for Calcific Tendinitis under Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Guidance
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Wan Juan , Li Jianfeng , Dong Qinjian
Published: January 2025

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of acupotomy combined with ultrasound therapy for calcific tendinitis under musculoskeletal ultrasound guidance. Methods: A total of 72 patients with calcific tendinitis were randomly divided into two groups. The control group received acupotomy treatment under ultrasound guidance, while the observation group underwent acupotomy combined with ultrasound under ultrasound guidance. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, joint function scores, and calcific lesion reduction rates were compared between the observation group and the control group before and after treatment, as well as at various follow-up points. Results: Compared with the control group, the observation group had lower VAS scores after treatment and at four weeks post-treatment, and higher joint function scores after treatment and at four weeks, three months, and six months post-treatment (all P < 0.05). Additionally, the observation group showed greater changes in calcific lesion reduction rates after treatment and at four weeks post-treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Acupotomy combined with ultrasound therapy under ultrasound guidance can alleviate pain and improve joint function in patients with calcific tendinitis.
Exploration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedic Manipulative Therapy in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Zeng Xianwen , Qiu Xuefang , Zeng Lina
Published: January 2025

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) orthopedic manipulative therapy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation in terms of relieving pain, improving lumbar function, enhancing quality of life, and reducing recurrence rates. Methods: A total of 120 patients with lumbar disc herniation were randomly divided into an experimental group (treated with TCM orthopedic manipulative therapy) and a control group (treated with conventional therapy), with 60 cases in each group. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess pain levels, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) to evaluate the lumbar function, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to assess the quality of life. Recurrence rates were recorded during the follow-up period. VAS, ODI, and SF-36 scores were recorded and analyzed before treatment, four weeks after treatment, and at the end of the follow-up period. Results: The VAS scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group after four weeks of treatment and at the end of the follow-up period (P < 0.001). The improvement in ODI scores was also significantly better than the control group (P < 0.001), and SF-36 scores were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001). The recurrence rate in the experimental group was 16.7%, significantly lower than the control group’s 33.3% (P = 0.024). Conclusion: TCM orthopedic manipulative therapy can significantly relieve pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation and improve lumbar function and quality of life, with a lower recurrence rate and a more stable efficacy, demonstrating value for clinical promotion.
Corrigendum: Research on Strategies for the Aging Population in the Intelligent Digital Library of Wenzhou City under the All-Age Friendly Concept
Authors: Chen Peipei , Yan Lin , Ma Xinfang
Published: January 2025

Correction
The author list in the original publication (https://www.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v6i8.7653) is incorrect. The original author list was:
Peipei Chen, Lin Yan
 
The correct author list should be as follows:
Peipei Chen, Yan Lin, Xinfang Ma
El camino de vuelta a La estructura
Authors: Ortiz Ayuso Jesús
Published: January 2025

En este texto comentamos el volumen editado por K. Brad Wray: Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions at 60. Este libro reúne un conjunto de ensayos donde diversos autores y autoras se proponen analizar La estructura de las revoluciones científicas (obra magna de Thomas S. Kuhn) tras su irrupción en la década de los sesenta del siglo pasado. En justa correspondencia con el sentido del texto, nuestro comentario rescata cuestiones pertinentes de mediados del siglo XX con relación a la composición de La estructura, en especial el contexto en el que se fragua la obra así como sus repercusiones en el escenario de filosófico y científico. No obstante, como defienden los autores y autoras aquí reunidos, la obra clásica sugiere ciertos problemas que todavía deben ser atendidos, interrogantes que atañen por entero al horizonte científico contemporáneo y de los que se hará eco nuestro breve análisis.
LA CONFIANZA Y EL PUNTO DE VISTA DE LA TERCERA PERSONA: UNA EJEMPLIFICACIÓN EN SERIES DE TELEVISIÓN
Authors: González García Sara
Published: January 2025

El artículo analiza la confianza, con énfasis en el punto de vista de la tercera persona, ejemplificado a través de series de televisión como Dexter, House of Cards y Yellowstone 1883/1923. La confianza se desglosa en tres dimensiones: autoconfianza (primera persona), confianza mutua (segunda persona) y confianza en instituciones o expertos (tercera persona). Este último tipo es fundamental en el análisis, destacando por su objetividad y su evaluación externa basada en criterios como honestidad, competencia y responsabilidad.

El artículo concluye que las dinámicas de confianza, tal y cómo se reflejan en algunas series de tv, contribuyen a entender cómo percibimos instituciones, expertos y relatos culturales
MONOGRAPHIC SECTION 2, Foreword: Do "Perspective", "Point of View", "Frame" and "Scenario" refer to the same concept?
Authors: Brugnami Enrico
Published: January 2025

Foreword to the second monographic section: Do "Perspective", "Point of View", "Frame" and "Scenario" refer to the same concept?
The Dual Impact of ChatGPT on Learning and Ethics among Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) Students
Authors: Luciano Ruth Garcia
Published: January 2025

This study examines the usage and perceptions of ChatGPT, an AI-driven language model, among Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) students at the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST) in Cabanatuan City, Philippines. Utilizing a descriptive research design, the study investigates both the learning outcomes and ethical concerns associated with ChatGPT's application in academic and professional tasks. The research focuses on how ChatGPT influences students' knowledge acquisition, study efficiency, and satisfaction, along with the ethical challenges perceived in relation to academic integrity. Data were collected using a structured survey from a sample of 200 students selected via stratified random sampling to ensure gender- and year-level representation. Data were analyzed using weighted means to measure satisfaction and ethical concerns, while qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis to explore students’ perspectives on the ethical implications of the tool. The findings reveal that students view ChatGPT as a valuable aid in enhancing learning efficiency and accessing knowledge. However, they also acknowledge significant ethical challenges, including risks of academic dishonesty and over-reliance on AI. The study’s key output is a policy brief with actionable recommendations for educators and policymakers, outlining guidelines for balanced AI usage and ethical frameworks to support responsible integration of AI technologies in education.