bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATIVIDADES EXTENSIONISTAS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PENSAMENTO COMPUTACIONAL: PERCEPÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Franzen Evandro , Schorr Maria Claudete , Dresch Sheila Dos Santos , Calheiro Kauan Morinel
Published: March 2023

O presente artigo apresenta dados quantitativos de atividades extensionistas com estudantes da Educação Básica. Estas atividades foram realizadas com o objetivo de desenvolver nos estudantes o Pensamento Computacional por meio de atividades plugadas utilizando o software Scratch. Para conhecer a percepção dos estudantes sobre as atividades desenvolvidas foi aplicado um questionário com seis questões relacionadas à satisfação dos estudantes, à capacidade de representação e resolução de problemas e sobre o ensino dos conceitos do Pensamento Computacional. Os resultados mostram que os participantes reconhecem a importância das práticas desenvolvidas e acreditam que foram capazes de resolver as situações propostas. Além disso, ficou evidenciado que os estudantes apresentam alto grau de satisfação e se sentem estimulados a desenvolver habilidades associadas ao Pensamento Computacional.
Análisis de los Smart contracts inmersos en blockchain para auditoría a grandes empresas
Authors: Cárdenas - Alemán Ismael Enrique , Duarte - Lozano Luis Miguel , Ahumada - Lerma Rafael Santiago
Published: March 2023

En este artículo se analiza el impacto que tendrá la utilización de los Smart contracts con un enfoque de auditoría para grandes empresas en Colombia. Mediante entrevistas a 5 auditores de firmas multinacionales y a 5 colaboradores de grandes empresas y de diferentes industrias, se logró identificar las perspectivas que ellos tienen frente al blockchain y a los Smart contracts, obteniendo de este modo ciertas similitudes y diferencias desde ambas perspectivas. Asimismo, los resultados indican que las compañías que fueron entrevistadas están adoptando con mayor rapidez este tipo de tecnologías disruptivas en sus procesos. Igualmente, se pudo analizar los principales retos, entre ellos la falta de regulación de un contrato inteligente y completamente autoejecutable, se logró identificar los beneficios que traería consigo implementar estas tecnologías en las compañías como lo es la transparencia en la información proveniente de las operaciones diarias de las compañías.

De igual forma, en el desarrollo del presente trabajo se pueden analizar ciertos cambios que habría a nivel de procedimientos de auditoría y el cambio en la mentalidad al que se verían enfrentados los profesionales de diferentes áreas en un ámbito empresarial.
Financial socialization, strength of social ties and investment literacy of investors in peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms
Authors: Legenzova Renata , Leckė Gintarė , Gaigalienė Asta
Published: March 2023

This study explores survey data of investors in peer-to-peer (P2P) lending aiming to assess their investment literacy, how this literacy is affected by their financial socialization and the strength of their social ties, and whether this effect differs among investors’ sociodemographic groups. Our research model was built based on Gudmunson and Danes (2011), Gudmunson et al. (2016) and Potrich et al. (2016). It measured investment literacy, assessing three components — knowledge, skills and attitudes; included multiple socialization agents; and investigated both direct and indirect effects of financial socialization. Descriptive and reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second-order structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis were employed. The results indicate that the investment literacy of P2P lending investors is high. The compound direct effect of financial socialization on the overall level of investment literacy was found to be positive and stronger than on its individual components. Although the strength of social ties had a strong influence on financial socialization, its indirect effect on investment literacy was rather weak. Peers proved to be the main socialization agent and exhibited the strongest social ties with the respondents. The strongest effect of financial socialization on the investment literacy was identified for P2P lending investors in 18–34 years group working in the financial sector with a net monthly income below 1500 euros. The research contributes to the existing literature by providing the methodology and valuable insights into the level of financial literacy among P2P investors and how investment literacy is or is not formed under social interaction in a close social environment.
Descentramientos en las prácticas estético-artísticas contemporáneas: la paradoja de las identidades y la negociación cultural
Authors: Calle Margarita
Published: March 2023

Diversas son las rutas que se han recorrido para comprender el lugar del arte en el complejo mundo de las culturas. La preocupación no solo se restringe a la premisa –suficientemente soportada– que sostiene que las producciones artísticas configuran, al lado de otras, uno de los registros más valorados, e incluso con mejor reconocimiento de la actividad humana. Más allá de esta pretensión, los estudios recientes se han ocupado de despejar aquellos filones que particularizan los sentidos involucrados en tales prácticas, rastreando, en esta intención objetivadora, las señas de un “saber–hacer” que problematiza de manera constante, por lo menos, cuatro ámbitos de la experiencia humana: el del creador, el de la obra, el de las mediacio nes y el de los espectadores. Al configurarse como ámbito de despliegue de un particular “saber–hacer” humano, las producciones artísticas han contribuido a con–formar registros, gestos y acontecimientos a partir de materialidades, apuestas configuradoras y modos de relación, cuyo valor cultural se hace cada vez más cercano a la noción de “saber” desarrollada por Foucault (1985) como “dispositivo de enunciabilidad y de visibilidad” que se patentiza en diferentes prácticas humanas y productos formados en los que intervienen y se actualizan relaciones de fuerza que “gozan de una espontaneidad y una receptividad específicas”. En este sentido, mutar, disgregarse en su unidad, multiplicarse en su expresividad, son manifestaciones de la autonomía de movimiento que han alcanzado las prácticas del arte a través de la historia y la demostración de que nuevas formas de producción simbólica y de creatividad, han penetrado su campo y por ende, redefinido su lugar teórico y su valor pragmático.
The Zero Delusion
Authors: Rives Julio
Published: March 2023

Zero signifies absence or an amount of no measure. This mathematical
object purportedly exemplifies one of humanity’s most splendid insights.
Endorsement of the continuum consolidated zero as a cultural latecomer
that, at present, everybody uses daily as an indispensable number. Zero
and infinity represent symmetric and complementary concepts; why did
algebra embrace the former as a number and dismiss the latter? Why is
zero an unprecedented number in arithmetic? Is zero a cardinal number?
Is it an ordinal number? Is zero a “real” point? Has it a geometrical
meaning? To what extent is zero naturalistic?

A preliminary analysis indicates that zero is short of numerical
competence, contrived, and unsolvable. We find it elusive when we dig
into zero’s role in physics, especially in thermodynamics, quantum field
theory, cosmology, and metrology. A minimal fundamental extent is
plausible but hard to accept due to zero’s long shade. In information
theory, the digit 0 is inefficient; we should replace standard
positional notation with bijective notation. In communication theory,
the transmission of no bits is impossible, and information propagation
is never error-free. In statistical mechanics, the uniform distribution
is inaccessible. In set theory, the empty set is ontologically
paradoxical. Likewise, other mathematical zeroes are semantically
vacuous (e.g., the empty sum, zero vector, zero function, unknot).
Because division by zero is intractable, we advocate for the nonzero
rational numbers, Q-{0}, to build a new physics that reflects nature’s
countable character. We provide a zero-free and unique rational-based
representation of the algebraic numbers punctured at the origin,
A-{0}, the computable version of the complex numbers.

In a linear scale, we must handle zero as the limit of an asymptotically
vanishing sequence of rationals or substitute it for the smallest
possible nonzero rational. Zero, as such, is the predetermined power
indicating the beginning of logarithmically encoded data via log(1). The
exponential function decodes the logarithmic scale’s beables back to the
linear scale. The exponential map is crucial to understand advanced
algebraic concepts such as the Lie algebra-group correspondence, the
Laplace transform, and univariate rational functions in cross-ratio
form. Specifically, linear fractional transformations over a ring lead
to the critical notion of conformality, the property of a projection or
mapping between spaces that preserves angles between intersecting
conics. Ultimately, we define “coding space” as a doubly conformal
transformation domain that allows for zero-fleeing hyperbolic
(logarithmic) geometry while keeping relationships of structure and
scale.
Depression of dynamic cerebral autoregulation during neural activation: the role of responders and non-responders
Authors: Ladthavorlaphatt Kannaphob , Surti Farhaana , Beishon Lucy , Robinson Thompson , Panerai Ronney
Published: March 2023

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) interaction with dynamic cerebral
autoregulation (dCA) remains unclear. Sixteen healthy participants (31.6
± 11.6 years) performed verbal fluency (naming words (NW)) and serial
subtraction (SS) paradigms, of varying complexity, at durations of 05,
30 and 60s. Bilateral middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv,
transcranial Doppler), blood pressure (BP, Finapres) and end-tidal CO2
(EtCO2, capnography), were recorded continuously. The autoregulation
index (ARI), was estimated from the MCAv step response, calculated by
transfer function analysis (TFA), for each paradigm during unstimulated
(2min) and neuroactivated (1min) segments. Intraclass correlation (ICC)
determined reproducibility for two visits. ARI was averaged across
visits, and objective criteria were applied to classify responders (R)
and non-responders (NoR) to task-induced MCAv increase. MCAv, BP and
heart rate increased during all cognitive tasks (p<0.001). ICC
values demonstrated fair reproducibility in all tasks. ARI decreased in
right (RH) and left (LH) hemispheres during all cognitive activations,
irrespective of paradigm complexity and duration (p<0.0001).
Bilateral ARI estimates were significantly decreased during NW for the R
group only (5.9 vs 4.3 for RH and 5.8 vs 4.2 for LH, p<0.0001)
but were reduced in both R (5.9 vs 4.5 for RH and 5.8 vs 4.2 for LH,
p<0.0001) and NoR (5.9 vs 4.6 for RH and 5.8 vs 5.0 for LH,
p=0.03) groups for SS tasks compared with baseline. The reproducible
attenuation of dCA efficiency due to paradigm-induced NVC response, its
interaction, and different behaviour in R and NoR subjects, warrant
further research in different physiological and clinical conditions.
Ad5-nCoV vaccination could induce HLA-E restricted CD8 + T cell responses specific for epitopes on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein
Authors: wang yuling , Yang Lu , Tang Kang , Zhang Yusi , Zhang Chunmei , Zhang Yun , Jin Boquan , Zhang Yuan , Zhuang Ran , Ma Ying
Published: March 2023

Objectives: To evaluate cellular immune responses induced by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines
immunization in population based on HLA-E-restricted CD8
T cell epitopes identification. Methods:
HLA-E-restricted SARS-CoV-2 CD8 T cell nonamer
peptides were predicted with software. HLA-E-transfected K562 cells
binding assay was used to screen for high-affinity peptides. IFN-γ
enzyme-linked immunospot assay were used to identify HLA-E-restricted
epitopes. HLA-E/epitope tetramer was employed to detect the frequencies
of epitope-specific CD8 T cells. Results:
Four CD8 T cell epitopes on spike protein of
SARS-CoV-2 restricted by both HLA-E*0101 and E*0103 were identified.
HLA-E-restricted epitope specific IFN-γ-secreting CD8
T cell responses could be detected in individuals
vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Importantly, the frequencies of
epitope-specific CD8 T cell in Ad5-nCoV vaccinated
individual were higher than that in individuals vaccinated with
recombinant protein or inactivated vaccines. Moreover, frequencies of
epitope-specific CD8 T cells could maintain for at
least 120 days after only one dose Ad5-nCoV vaccination. While
frequencies of epitope-specific CD8 T cells
decreased in individuals after two doses of Ad5-nCoV vaccination.
Conclusions: These findings may contribute to more
comprehensive evaluating protective effects of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2,
meanwhile may provide information to characterize HLA-E-restricted CD8
T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Development of disposable electrode for the detection of mosquito-borne viruses
Authors: Nasrin Fahmida , Khoris Indra Mwmdi , Chowdhury Ankan Dutta , Muttaqein Sjakurrizal El , Park Enoch Y.
Published: March 2023

Development of disposable, rapid and convenient biosensor with high
sensitivity and reliability is the most desired method of viral disease
prevention. To achieve this goal, in this work, a practical impedimetric
biosensor has been implemented into a disposable electrode on a
screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the detection of two
mosquito-borne viruses. The biosensor fabrication has step-wisely
carried out on the disposable electrode surface at room temperature:
starting from conductive film formation, physical binding of the gold
nanoparticles (AuNPs)-polyaniline (PAni) into the conductive film, and
biofunctionalization. To get the maximum efficiency of the antibody,
biotinylated antibody has been conjugated on the surface of AuNP-PAni
/PAni-SPCE via the streptavidin-biotin conjugation method which is a
critical factor for the high sensitivity. Using the antibody-antigen
interaction, this disposable electrode has designed to detect
mosquito-borne infectious viruses, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika
Virus (ZIKV) separately in a wide linear range of 100 fg/mL to 1 ng/mL
with a low detection limit of 1.33 fg/mL and 12.31 fg/mL, respectively.
Description of a new cellulosic natural fiber extracted from Helianthus tuberosus L. as a composite reinforcement material
Authors: Dalmis Ramazan
Published: March 2023

Natural fiber-reinforced composites are generally known as eco-friendly,
long-lasting, and recyclable materials. Considering, this study
characterizes cellulosic Helianthus tuberosus L. fiber for
polymer-based green composites for the first time. It has been found
that Helianthus tuberosus L. fiber has many advantages as a
reinforcement material in polymer-based composites. For example, the
high roughness provided by the fiber surface in cellular morphology
increases the locking into the composite body. One of the most critical
advantages is its high thermal stability temperature of 247.3
C. Also, other advantages of the Helianthus
tuberosus L. fiber can be listed as high cellulose content, high
crystallinity, and high tensile strength. The hollow fiber structure can
allow it to be used in materials used for insulation. Eventually, the
high cellulose content of 62.65% supports its usage in various
industries, including paper and paperboard manufacturing.
Aspects and ways of affirming the reputation of the activity of social work in the public
Authors: Dimitric Violeta
Published: March 2023

The role of the social worker is immeasurable in modern society, and consists
of a series of activities, such as: assessing or collecting data about the
client, providing appropriate treatment, researching the causes of the
client?s problems, teaching the client and likewise. Although social work as
a profession is extremely important, one gets the impression that they are
more than ever in the center of public interest, but not in a way that
allows the affirmation of their profession. On the contrary, it is more
pejoratively, when a tragedy occurs, and where their role is inevitable .
However, earlier research that dealt with this topic came to a conclusion
that social workers and Centers for Social Work are negatively exposed,
although the majority of the social community is not sufficiently familiar
with their role, which further distorts the image of their work. In this
regard, it is necessary to perform an analysis of the activities of the
Centers for Social Work, in order to positively influence the construction
and strengthening of the image and reputation in the public, greater
transparency, but also better communication with users. In this context,
this paper will try to examine the current media image of the profession of
social workers in the Republic of Serbia, whether there are prejudices about
this profession, and to what extent it is important that the reporting of
the media and journalists be complete, objective, accurate and timely.
CRP, C-Peptide, and Risk of First-Time Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Early Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Cohort Study
Authors: Gedebjerg Anne , Bjerre Mette , Kjaergaard Alisa Devedzic , Nielsen Jens Steen , Rungby Jørgen , Brandslund Ivan , Maeng Michael , Beck-Nielsen Henning , Vaag Allan , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Hansen Troels Krarup , Thomsen Reimar Wernich
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the relationship between hs-CRP, a marker of low-grade inflammation, alone or in combination with C-peptide, a marker of hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, and risk for cardiovascular events (CVEs) and mortality in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In patients with recent-onset T2D, we measured serum hs-CRP (n = 7,301) and C-peptide (n = 5,765) in the prospective Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes cohort study. Patients with no prior CVE (n = 6,407) were followed until first myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or cardiovascular death, and all patients (n = 7,301) were followed for all-cause mortality. We computed adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) by Cox regression and tested for the interaction between hs-CRP and C-peptide.

RESULTS

During follow-up (median 4.8 years), high (>3 mg/L) versus low (<1 mg/L) hs-CRP was associated with increased CVE risk (aHR 1.45 [95% CI 1.07–1.96]) and with even greater risk of all-cause mortality (2.47 [1.88–3.25]). Compared with patients with low hs-CRP (≤3 mg/L) and low C-peptide (<1,470 pmol/L), those with high levels of both biomarkers had the highest CVE (1.61 [1.10–2.34]) and all-cause mortality risk (2.36 [1.73–3.21]). Among patients with high C-peptide, risk of CVEs did not differ by low or high hs-CRP, whereas risk of all-cause mortality did.

CONCLUSIONS

The finding of high hs-CRP as a stronger prognostic biomarker of all-cause mortality than of CVEs may facilitate improved early detection and prevention of deadly diseases besides CVEs. Conversely, elevated C-peptide as a strong CVE biomarker supports the need to target hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance in T2D CVE prevention.
C-reactive Protein, C-peptide, and Risk of First-time Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Early Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Cohort Study
Authors: Gedebjerg Anne , Bjerre Mette , Kjaergaard Alisa Devedzic , Nielsen Jens Steen , Rungby Jørgen , Brandslund Ivan , Mæng Michael , Beck-Nielsen Henning , Vaag Allan , Toft Sørensen Henrik , Hansen Troels Krarup , Wernich Thomsen Reimar
Published: March 2023

  

Objective: We investigated the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of low-grade inflammation, alone or in combination with C-peptide, a marker of hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, and risk for cardiovascular events (CVEs) and mortality in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Design and Methods: We measured serum hsCRP (n=7301) and C-peptide (n=5765) in patients with recent-onset T2D in the prospective Danish DD2 cohort study. Patients with no prior CVE (n=6,407) were followed until first myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or cardiovascular death, and all patients (n=7,301) were followed for all-cause mortality. We computed adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) by Cox regression and tested for interaction between hsCRP and C-peptide.

Results: During follow-up (median=4.8 years), high (>3 mg/L) versus low (<1 mg/L) hsCRP was associated with increased CVE risk (aHR=1.45; 95% CI 1.07–1.96), and with even greater risk of all-cause mortality (2.47 [1.88–3.25]). Compared to patients with low hsCRP (≤3 mg/L) and low C-peptide (<1470 pmol/L), those with high levels of both biomarkers had the highest CVE (1.61 [1.10–2.34]) and all-cause mortality risk (2.36 [1.73–3.21]). Among patients with high C-peptide, risk of CVE did not differ by low or high hsCRP, whereas risk of all-cause mortality did.

Conclusions: The finding of high hsCRP as a stronger prognostic biomarker of all-cause mortality than of CVE may facilitate improved early detection and prevention of deadly diseases besides CVE. Conversely, elevated C-peptide as a strong CVE biomarker supports the need to target hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance in T2D CVE prevention.

 
Influence of laser shock peening on microstructure and property of Ni60 cladding layer and the combined area of 20CrNiMo alloy
Authors: Liu Guanglei , Xue Wenchao , Cao Yuhao , Li Zhiqiang , Sun Xiaoxuan , Xu Fuhai , Liu Haixia , Zhou Jianzhong
Published: March 2023

The effects of laser shock peening (LSP) on the microhardness, residual stress, and microstructure of the Ni60 cladding layer and the combined area of the 20CrNiMo alloy for high-speed rail brake disks are investigated to address the problem of coarse columnar crystals and residual tensile stress, which affect the coating–substrate bonding performance and the application development of the laser cladding repair process. The results indicate that LSP can improve the microhardness, prefabricate residual compressive stress field, and refine the microstructure of the cladding layer and the combined area. The surface hardness of the cladding layer increased by 14.55%, 34.92%, and 40.21% after the energy impact of 6, 9, and 12 J, with an impact depth of about 1.2, 2.2, and 2.5 mm, respectively. The roughness result showed that the effect is more satisfactory under the 9 J energy impact. The grain refinement is significant compared to the Clad specimen, with the average grain area at the molten layer's top, middle, and bottom reduced by 35.5%, 79.6%, and 85.8%, respectively. A residual compressive stress of −538 MPa is introduced on the surface of the clad layer, with a compressive stress value of −30 MPa at a depth of 2 mm. After the LSP, the microstructure and properties of the clad layer and the combined area are significantly improved. Still, no new phases appear and do not significantly affect the diffusion of elements between the dendrites and the dendrites.
METHODOLOGY OF TAFSEER AL-QURTUBI: SOURCES, STYLES AND MANHAJ
Authors: Rohman Abdul , Mubaroka Barikli , Butlam Qoree
Published: March 2023

This article examines suorces, styles and the unique method (manhaj) from Tafseer Al-Qurtubi namely of al-Jami' li ahkam al-Quran. The goal of this article is to determine which sources al-Qurtubi used as references, what styles his interpretation, and how the unique method (manhaj khas) he used to carry out his interpretation. This study be written utilizing qualitative approaches based on a literature review or library search. The book of interpretation of al-Jami' li ahkam al-Quran by Al-Qurtubi is the primary source (primary), and the secondary (additional) source is drawn from the books of interpretation of the Qur'an and other pertinent books. The findings show that interpretation Qurtubi's is based on the Qur'an, the Prophet's sunnah, the opinions of the Sahabah and the tabi'in, the history of asbab al-Nuzul, Arabic poetry, qiraat, the opinions of mazhab scholars, and books of interpretation by earlier scholars, including those by Al-Zujaj, Ma'ani al-Quran, Abu Ubaidah, Majaz al-Quran, Al-Qurtubi also quotes from the hadith books, including the nine books (kutub at-tisáh), the Musnads, the Sunan books, and the Maghazi books; tafseer al-Qurtubi style is fiqh interpretation;  and there are ten manhaj used by al-Qurtubi in his commentary.
Effectiveness of Climate Change Awareness among Youths in Luanshya District, Zambia
Authors: Mwanza Evans , Mubanga Kabwe Harnadih , Sichimwa Clement
Published: March 2023

This study evaluated the effectiveness of climate change awareness among youths in Luanshya District so as to prepare them for future climate change governance. The aim of the study was to explore levels of climate change awareness among youths in Luanshya District. The study used a mixed methods approach. Descriptive design was adopted to analyze responses of (n = 160) randomly selected respondents who were drawn from four purposively selected townships within Luanshya District. The chi-square was used for analysis of quantitative data. Structured questionnaires were employed for data collection under the descriptive design, which helped in measuring the hypothesis and generalize the findings. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The results indicate that most youths in Luanshya District found the modes of climate change awareness available in their area to be ineffective in reaching them and in content provision. About 88 percent of youths in Mpatamatu, 95 percent in Roan, 40 percent in Mikomfwa and 93 percent in Fisenge felt that the climate change information offered to them by stakeholders was insufficient. These modes which included school, radio, television, newspaper, magazines, internet and megaphone generally did not present enough accessible climate change content to prepare the youths for climate change governance. While most youths felt that school, radio, television and the internet were more effective means for them to receive climate change awareness, these methods had shortcoming that reduced the youths’ access to climate change information. The limited number of youths having access to the various modes of climate change awareness meant even the peer-to-peer method of awareness was limited as few youth peers had access to climate information for them to share. It was therefore concluded that the involvement of different stakeholders in the sensitization of climate change should be reinforced by strengthening awareness at all levels. This should include increased climate content for mass media dissemination of information. Information packaging should also be targeted to ensure the right audiences are reached, which may call for packaging climate information that appeals to the young in order to enhance levels of awareness. Strengthening the modes of communicating climate information would strongly enhance the preparedness of Luanshya youths for climate change governance.
DIAPHONIZATION AS A METHOD OF MODERN MORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Vovk Oleg , Ionov Ihor , Lyutenko Mykhailo , Gromko Yevgenia
Published: March 2023

In the article diaphonization is discussed as one of the methods of morphological research in the direction of the study of blood supply to the brain. The history of the research of this method is analyzed, the areas of its application are classiﬁ ed according to the research objects. We have highlighted the advantages of using the diaphonization method for research and educational purposes. Also basing on the standard diaphonization protocol, an updated version of it was created, adapted speciﬁ cally for the study of cerebral blood supply. In the protocol improved by us, the proportions of the relevant substances have been changed, certain stages of the preparation have been excluded or quantitatively changed; changes were made taking into account the histological and histochemical speciﬁ city of brain tissues and with the aim of maximally improving the visibility of the corresponding structures in the preparation. In addition to the description of the experimental study and the modiﬁ ed protocol, we have outlined some separate methods of using readymade preparations in the educational process of students, as well as their usage in collaboration with modern educational systems of three- anatomy (Artec Space Spider scanner, Anatomage virtual anatomical table, etc.) and others research perspectives.
STAGES OF PLANNING OF LECTURE MATERIAL MASTERING BY INTERNS
Authors: Polоvyi Viktor , Saliutin Ruslan , Palianytsia Andrii , Knut Ruslan , Volianiuk Petro , Boiko Svitlana , Kyﬁak Petro
Published: March 2023

The lecture is one of the main components of the didactic cycle of education in higher educational institutions. At the same time, the majority of interviewed students of the Master’s educational qualiﬁ cation level believe that they receive up to 60% of the educational material from lectures.Aim of the work. To optimize the teaching of lecture material by forming of professionally oriented basis for the subsequent mastering of educational material by students.Main part. During preparation of a lecture for intern doctors, the lecturer must follow the next stages: analysis and selection of the main key material that forms the logical basis of the topic; selection of main problems and their transformation into problematic situations; substantiation of the logic and method of solving of each problem situation; the combination of lecture content into a integrated system of knowledge and its methodical support, aimed to predict the success of the application of methodical techniques for activation of the attention and thinking of intern doctors.Conclusions. Lecture classes contribute to the creative communication of the lecturer with the audience in the context of co-creation, emotional interaction and are the eﬀ ective way to obtain professional knowledge through an individualized form of reading the lecture, depending on the topic, the preparedness of the audience, the availability of technical means, which contributes to the activation of the spatial meaningful activity of intern doctors.
ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS OF BILE DUCT DAMAGE: THE CONCEPT OF SAFE LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: Klimanskyi Ruslan , Zharikov Stanislav , Makhnyk Volodymyr , Денис Denis , Kondratenko Andriі
Published: March 2023

The article provides a literature review from the point of view of the concept of safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the causes of intraoperative damage to the bile ducts.The main provisions of the concept of safe cholecystectomy include: a clear understanding of the anatomy of the biliary tract; timely use of intraoperative visualization methods; compliance with the concept of safety before dividing the cystic duct and artery in each case; awareness of the importance of time-out; obtaining a second opinion in di ﬃ cult cases; the importance of proper documentation. It has been proven that the greatest number of complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy occur during the intraoperative phase, and the most common reason is «problematic visualization».The goal of promoting the «safe cholecystectomy concept» is to reduce the rate of biliary tract injury and is a worldwide initiative aimed at improving the safety of the laparoscopic method.
MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Slobodian Oleksandr , Penishkevych Iaroslav
Published: March 2023

A morphological study of the thickness of the choroid in patients with diabetes using spectral- domain optical coherence tomography was carried out in order to analyze the morphological changes of choroidal vessels and their role in the mechanism of diabetic retinopathy, which was carried out on the eyes of 203 participants with diabetes and on the eyes of 48 we are healthy people. The thickness of the choroid in the area of the foveal lesion was measured using optical coherence tomography with enhanced imaging. Participants were grouped according to the degree of diabetic retinopathy: no diabetic changes, mild or moderate, or severe nonproliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Study parameters included history, age, axial length, intraocular pressure, central retinal thickness, fasting glucose, and blood pressure. As a result, subfoveal choroidal thickness was smaller in eyes with nonproliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy than in normal eyes (p <0.01). However, there was no diﬀ erence between eyes with nonproliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy or between eyes without diabetic changes and controls. Eyes with macular edema did not show a signiﬁ cant diﬀ erence in choroidal thickness compared to eyes with normal macular contours. Consequently, the central choroid thins when eyes exhibit diabetic retinal changes. However, the presence of diabetic macular edema or proliferative changes was not associated with more pronounced choroidal thinning.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF ORGANS AND TISSUES UNDER CONDITIONS OF DEHYDRATION DISORDERS OF WATER-SALT EXCHANGE
Authors: Prykhodko Olha
Published: March 2023

Most processes in the body take place with the participation of water. It is an indispensable component of living organisms. Any violations of the water- electrolyte balance have consequences for the structural organization of all organs and tissues. Studying changes in the structural organization of organs and tissues during dehydration is an urgent task of both theoretical and practical medicine. The aim was to analyze and generalize data from modern scientiﬁ c literature on structural changes in organs and tissues during dehydration. Water is involved in maintaining a normal body temperature, in the absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract, in the excretion of harmful substances and toxins with urine and sweat, and in many other processes. According to the classiﬁ cation, intracellular (hyperosmolar dehydration), extracellular (isosomolar), extracellular (hypoosmolar dehydration), and general dehydration are distinguished. There is evidence in modern scientiﬁ c literature that dehydration leads to structural changes in the thyroid gland, stomach, tongue, kidneys, adrenal gland, salivary glands, larynx, brain and many others. Dehydration disrupts the process of bone tissue regeneration. Dehydration is associated with progression of infarct volume and decreased cerebral blood ﬂ ow during the acute stage of ischemic stroke. Recurrent dehydration associated with chronic intermittent ﬂuid intake accelerates the progression of chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Therefore, under the conditions of dehydration of the body, all the studied organs and tissues undergo changes, their severity depends on the degree of dehydration, species, environmental conditions and regime. At this time, there are no data on changes in the lymphoid organs, in particular the thymus and the spleen, under conditions of dehydration.
Features of lipid and electrolyte metabolism indicators, NT-pro BNP level in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kulaiets N.M.
Published: March 2023

Resume. The relevance of the problem of chronic heart failure (CHF) for doctors in many countries remains in the leading positions and is due to the prevalence of the pathology and significant economic losses - the severity of the course of the disease, the need for hospitalization and a significant level of mortality.The purpose. To study indicators of lipid and electrolyte metabolism, the level of NT-pro BNP in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation.Material and methods. 100 patients aged 45-65 were examined. All patients were divided into groups: Group I – patients with HF with sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation (AF) (permanent or persistent form), (n=50). II group - patients without HF with AF, (n=50). III – control group: 36 practically healthy people. All patients underwent a clinical examination, blood lipid profile, determination of NT-proBNP level by immunoenzymatic method, ECG, echocardiography (ECHOKG).Research results. The analysis of the lipid profile of the examined patients indicates a violation of lipid metabolism, the development of dyslipidemia, which is an important risk factor and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD). The results of electrolyte exchange indicate the existence of significant differences in the levels of K+, Mg2+ Na+ in the blood serum of healthy and CHF patients. There was a probable difference in the direction of a decrease in the levels of K+, Mg2+ Na+ in the blood serum of patients with CHF and AF in comparison with healthy ones. In addition, the levels of K+, Mg2+ Na+ in the blood serum of patients with CHF and AF were probably lower than in patients with CHF with sinus rhythm. Indicators of NT-pro BNP level in patients with CHF and AF were significantly higher (p<0.05) than similar parameters in patients without CHF with AF.Conclusions. Violations of the lipid spectrum of the blood were detected, which indicates the progression of coronary heart disease and is a predictor of an unfavorable prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure. There was a probable difference in the direction of a decrease in the levels of K+, Mg2+ Na+ in the blood serum of patients with CHF and AF compared to healthy people. Levels of K+, Mg2+ Na+ in the blood serum of patients with CHF and AF were probably lower than in patients with CHF with sinus rhythm. An increase in the level of NT-proBNP was found in patients with HF and AF compared to patients with HF and sinus rhythm.
Clinical and paraclinical features of the course of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 in primary school-age children depending on gender
Authors: Sazhyn S.I.
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been going on for 2.5 years, which is a serious challenge for the health care systems of most countries of the world. The high frequency of mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 changes the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations of the disease, as well as consequences after infection.Aim of the study. To conduct an analysis of the clinical and paraclinical features of the course of COVID-19 in primary school-age children, taking into account gender, to improve the prognosis of the severity and duration of the disease, to optimize the tactics of managing patients.Materials and methods. 55 clinical cases of COVID-19 in primary school-age patients were analyzed. The gender of the patients was considered a group-forming feature. The obtained results were analyzed by methods of descriptive statistics biostatistics, and clinical epidemiology.Results. It was established that half of the male patients and 44.4% of the girls had registered complications of the main disease, mainly in the form of acute respiratory failure. The onset of the disease was characterized by general weakness and fever. Cough was more likely to be noted among boys, while in girls, there was a tendency to increase the frequency of complaints of nasal congestion. In the hospital, during the physical examination, the pathological sounds under the lungs during auscultation were registered significantly more common in male patients (75.0±8.2 versus 48.1±9.6%, Рφ < 0,05). Male gender, residence in the cities, violation in vaccination schedule, dyspnea, the level of blood oxygen saturation below 95% during hospitalization are characterized with a high predictive value of a longer hospitalization period.Conclusion. The course of COVID-19 in primary school-aged children was not dependent on gender and was multisymptomatic, however, the average duration of hospitalization was significantly higher among male patients. Incomplete vaccination status increased the attributive relative risks of more bed days in the hospital with an odds ratio of 6.7:1.
Analysis of the emergence of conflicts in the doctor-patient system
Authors: Biduchak A.S.
Published: March 2023

Medical practice confirms that in the conditions of health care reform, conflict occupies a special place in any team. This is because conflict is an integral part of life. Therefore, it is necessary to study in depth the way of formation of modern organizational conflict, the way of eliminating the conflict and the way of fighting its consequences. At the same time, the most important result of effective enterprise conflict management will be the formation of a mechanism for early warning of conflict situations and mechanisms for resolving medical conflicts.The purpose of the study was conflicts in the field of health care in the «doctor-patient» system.

Materials and methods. The study of conflict in the team was conducted using medical and sociological methods using an anonymous questionnaire developed by us. The study involved 582 health workers, including 231 men and 351 women. The age composition of medical workers: from 18 and older.Results and discussion. A study was conducted aimed at identifying the socio-psychological causes of conflicts and methods of their resolution in the health care organization using the example of medical personnel. The main causes, frequency of occurrence and types of conflict situations in medical teams are analyzed. Based on the conducted sociological research, it was established that the largest number of conflicts (32.1%) occurs in the «doctor-patient relatives» system, and about 25% - in the «doctor-patient» system. The behavior of medical personnel during the conflict was analyzed using practical examples. It was found that the majority (34%) of respondents do not intervene in the conflict and take a neutral position.Conclusions. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the process of conflict management will be more effective when the situation in the organization of processes as a whole in a medical institution changes. Diagnosis and management of a medical conflict should be the key to the successful operation of a medical institution, thanks to the creation of a working atmosphere for the medical team and the patient, where everyone will feel comfortable and work for maximum results.
Science Patronage, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Mexican Social Sciences in the 1940s
Authors: Morcillo Laiz Álvaro
Published: March 2023

If the public universities of Latin America are considered part of the State, then it would seem likely that they share fundamental features with it. This would imply, for example, that during much of the 20th century, universities have been clientelistic, like the State itself. However, this feasible hypothesis has never been examined by the literature on the Mexican social sciences of the 20th century. The same is true of the role played by patrons of science, such as American philanthropic foundations. In this article, I argue that the Rockefeller Foundation sponsored the humanities, practiced in a liberal spirit, and organized according to formal rational criteria; the Foundation wished to promote an alternative to what it perceived as clientelism and amateurism in Latin American universities. While philanthropic foundations have often been seen as yet another manifestation of how U.S. imperialism pursues cultural hegemony in Latin America, this article shows that foundations were neither individual actors nor able to predict the actual impact of their decisions. In Mexico, the Rockefeller Foundation promoted the humanities in the 1940s, but missed the opportunity to support a local vision of social science teaching and research.
América Latina en el mundo: las Naciones Unidas, los cepalinos y los dependendistas
Authors: Fajardo Margarita
Published: March 2023

Esta nota de investigación introduce algunas de las ideas discutidas en el libro The World that Latin America Created (Fajardo, 2022) que contribuyen a entender el rol de las organizaciones internacionales en América Latina tanto en la esfera intelectual como en la política. Las Naciones Unidas, una organización internacional frecuentemente asociada con los intereses norteamericanos en la esfera global, se convirtió en América Latina en el epicentro de una ciencia social autodefinida como de carácter regional pero cuyos alcances fueron a escala mundial. La nota y el libro se enfocan en el movimiento intelectual centrado en la Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL) y en el impacto político de los cepalinos y los dependentistas, sus mayores críticos.
Controversias alrededor de la filantropía científica estadounidense entre los sociólogos argentinos (1950-1970)
Authors: Blois Juan Pedro
Published: March 2023

El desarrollo de la sociología en Argentina a mediados del siglo XX supuso la interacción de actores locales e internacionales. Mientras la primera carrera era creada en la Universidad de Buenos Aires, el despliegue de una ambiciosa agenda de investigaciones, tanto como la llegada de profesores visitantes desde el extranjero, fueron inseparables del financiamiento ofrecido por las fundaciones Rockefeller y Ford. Sin embargo, el ascendiente estadounidense no demoró en ser cuestionado. A medida que el número de estudiantes aumentaba, la búsqueda de una “sociología nacional” ganó popularidad. Basado en un amplio corpus empírico, el artículo hace foco en las tensiones planteadas por las orientaciones favorecidas por las fundaciones filantrópicas y aquellas premiadas por una institución universitaria en proceso de masificación.
The World that Latin America Created. Libro de Margarita Fajardo
Authors: Caravaca Jimena
Published: March 2023

A través del análisis institucional de la Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL) y del estudio de las ideas económicas propuestas por un grupo de economistas a quien denomina cepalinos, Margarita Fajardo realiza un aporte tanto a la historia de las ideas económicas como a la historia institucional de la CEPAL y, aunque no sea central a su objetivo, la investigación también resulta en un aporte a la historia cultural de la Guerra Fría en América Latina.
White Philanthropy: Carnegie Corporation’s and the Making of a White World Order. Libro de Maribel Morey
Authors: Sanchez-Rivera R
Published: March 2023

El libro traducido al español como ‘Filantropía Blanca’ es simplemente un libro fantástico. Este libro nos lleva por la complejidad de los procesos de racialización durante las primeras décadas del siglo XIX donde se mira a la supremacía blanca de manera transnacional por medio de intervenciones filantrópicas. Este libro, aunque histórico, nos presenta las maneras en las cuales aún hoy el libro Un dilema americano se tiende a utilizar de manera errada en la contemporaneidad.