bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a novel interaction of the Nup159 nucleoporin with asymmetrically localized spindle pole body proteins and its link with autophagy
Authors: de Oya Inés García , Manzano-López Javier , Álvarez-Llamas Alejandra , Vázquez-Aroca María de la Paz , Cepeda-García Cristina , Monje-Casas Fernando
Published: August 2023

Both the spindle microtubule-organizing centers and the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are convoluted structures where many signaling pathways converge to coordinate key events during cell division. Interestingly, despite their distinct molecular conformation and overall functions, these structures share common components and collaborate in the regulation of essential processes. We have established a new link between microtubule-organizing centers and nuclear pores in budding yeast by unveiling an interaction between the Bfa1/Bub2 complex, a mitotic exit inhibitor that localizes on the spindle pole bodies, and the Nup159 nucleoporin. Bfa1/Bub2 association with Nup159 is reduced in metaphase to not interfere with proper spindle positioning. However, their interaction is stimulated in anaphase and assists the Nup159-dependent autophagy pathway. The asymmetric localization of Bfa1/Bub2 during mitosis raises the possibility that its interaction with Nup159 could differentially promote Nup159-mediated autophagic processes, which might be relevant for the maintenance of the replicative lifespan.
Mathematical models of developmental vascular remodelling: A review
Authors: Crawshaw Jessica R. , Flegg Jennifer A. , Bernabeu Miguel O. , Osborne James M.
Published: August 2023

Over the past 40 years, there has been a strong focus on the development of mathematical models of angiogenesis, while developmental remodelling has received little such attention from the mathematical community. Sprouting angiogenesis can be seen as a very crude way of laying out a primitive vessel network (the raw material), while remodelling (understood as pruning of redundant vessels, diameter control, and the establishment of vessel identity and hierarchy) is the key to turning that primitive network into a functional network. This multiscale problem is of prime importance in the development of a functional vasculature. In addition, defective remodelling (either during developmental remodelling or due to a reactivation of the remodelling programme caused by an injury) is associated with a significant number of diseases. In this review, we discuss existing mathematical models of developmental remodelling and explore the important contributions that these models have made to the field of vascular development. These mathematical models are effectively used to investigate and predict vascular development and are able to reproduce experimentally observable results. Moreover, these models provide a useful means of hypothesis generation and can explain the underlying mechanisms driving the observed structural and functional network development. However, developmental vascular remodelling is still a relatively new area in mathematical biology, and many biological questions remain unanswered. In this review, we present the existing modelling paradigms and define the key challenges for the field.
Impact of vaccination on infection or death from COVID-19 in individuals with laboratory-confirmed cases: Case-control study
Authors: Hernández Bautista Porfirio Felipe , Grajales Muñiz Concepción , Cabrera Gaytán David Alejandro , Rojas Mendoza Teresita , Vallejos Parás Alfonso , Santacruz Tinoco Clara Esperanza , Alvarado Yaah Julio Elias , Anguiano Hernández Yu Mei , Sandoval Gutiérrez Nancy , Jaimes Betancourt Leticia
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The objective of this study is to estimate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in people treated within the social security system whose vaccination status was reported to the epidemiological surveillance system.

Study design

Case-control study.

Methods

This was a case-control study conducted. The records of individuals with suspected cases of COVID-19 registered in the epidemiological surveillance system between February 1 and June 30, 2021, were studied. RT–qPCR was performed to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection; those with a positive result were considered cases, and those with a negative result were considered controls. The ratio between cases and controls was 1:1.3. The crude and adjusted vaccine effectiveness was considered the prevention of symptomatic infection and death and calculated as the difference between the dose and the risk, with a survival analysis among vaccinated people.

Results

A total of 94,416 individuals were included, of whom 40,192 were considered cases and 54,224 controls; 3,781 (4.00%) had been vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccination also proved to be a protective factor against COVID-19, especially in the population who received a second dose (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.28–0.35). With the application of the vaccine, there was a protective effect against mortality (OR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.66–0.87). Disease prevention was higher for the BNT162-2 mRNA vaccine (82%) followed by the ChAdOx1 vaccine (33%). In the survival analysis, vaccination provided a protective effect.

Conclusions

There was a positive impact of vaccines for the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19, with a second dose generating greater efficacy and a reduction in deaths.
Deep-learning detection of mild cognitive impairment from sleep electroencephalography for patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Parajuli Madan , Amara Amy W. , Shaban Mohamed
Published: August 2023

Parkinson’s disease which is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the United States is a serious and complex disease that may progress to mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The early detection of the mild cognitive impairment and the identification of its biomarkers is crucial to support neurologists in monitoring the progression of the disease and allow an early initiation of effective therapeutic treatments that will improve the quality of life for the patients. In this paper, we propose the first deep-learning based approaches to detect mild cognitive impairment in the sleep Electroencephalography for patients with Parkinson’s disease and further identify the discriminative features of the disease. The proposed frameworks start by segmenting the sleep Electroencephalography time series into three sleep stages (i.e., two non-rapid eye movement sleep-stages and one rapid eye movement sleep stage), further transforming the segmented signals in the time-frequency domain using the continuous wavelet transform and the variational mode decomposition and finally applying novel convolutional neural networks on the time-frequency representations. The gradient-weighted class activation mapping was also used to visualize the features based on which the proposed deep-learning approaches reached an accurate prediction of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. The proposed variational mode decomposition-based model offered a superior accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under curve, and quadratic weighted Kappa score, all above 99% as compared with the continuous wavelet transform-based model (that achieved a performance that is almost above 92%) in differentiating mild cognitive impairment from normal cognition in sleep Electroencephalography for patients with Parkinson’s disease. In addition, the features attributed to the mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease were demonstrated by changes in the middle and high frequency variational mode decomposition components across the three sleep-stages. The use of the proposed model on the time-frequency representation of the sleep Electroencephalography signals will provide a promising and precise computer-aided diagnostic tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment and hence, monitoring the progression of Parkinson’s disease.
Prediction of postoperative patient deterioration and unanticipated intensive care unit admission using perioperative factors
Authors: Mestrom Eveline H. J. , Bakkes Tom H. G. F. , Ourahou Nassim , Korsten Hendrikus H. M. , Serra Paulo de Andrade , Montenij Leon J. , Mischi Massimo , Turco Simona , Bouwman R. Arthur
Published: August 2023

Background and objectives

Currently, no evidence-based criteria exist for decision making in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). This could be valuable for the allocation of postoperative patients to the appropriate level of care and beneficial for patient outcomes such as unanticipated intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. The aim is to assess whether the inclusion of intra- and postoperative factors improves the prediction of postoperative patient deterioration and unanticipated ICU admissions.

Methods

A retrospective observational cohort study was performed between January 2013 and December 2017 in a tertiary Dutch hospital. All patients undergoing surgery in the study period were selected. Cardiothoracic surgeries, obstetric surgeries, catheterization lab procedures, electroconvulsive therapy, day care procedures, intravenous line interventions and patients under the age of 18 years were excluded. The primary outcome was unanticipated ICU admission.

Results

An unanticipated ICU admission complicated the recovery of 223 (0.9%) patients. These patients had higher hospital mortality rates (13.9% versus 0.2%, p<0.001). Multivariable analysis resulted in predictors of unanticipated ICU admissions consisting of age, body mass index, general anesthesia in combination with epidural anesthesia, preoperative score, diabetes, administration of vasopressors, erythrocytes, duration of surgery and post anesthesia care unit stay, and vital parameters such as heart rate and oxygen saturation. The receiver operating characteristic curve of this model resulted in an area under the curve of 0.86 (95% CI 0.83–0.88).

Conclusions

The prediction of unanticipated ICU admissions from electronic medical record data improved when the intra- and early postoperative factors were combined with preoperative patient factors. This emphasizes the need for clinical decision support tools in post anesthesia care units with regard to postoperative patient allocation.
Comparison of monocyte distribution width and Procalcitonin as diagnostic markers for sepsis: Meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies
Authors: Motawea Karam R. , S. Rozan Samah , Elsayed Talat Nesreen , H. Elhalag Rowan , Mohammed Reyad Sarraa , chebl pensée , Swed Sarya , Sawaf Bisher , Hadeel alfar Hadeel , Farwati Amr , Sabbagh Bana , M. Madera Esperance , El Metaafy Amro , J. Barboza Joshuan , Sah Ranjit , Aiash Hani
Published: August 2023

Aim

We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to find out whether PCT and MDW could be used as accurate diagnostic markers for sepsis.

Methods

We searched PUBMED, WOS, and SCOPUS databases. Inclusion criteria were any observational or clinical trials that compared monocyte Distribution Width [MDW] with Procalcitonin [PCT] as diagnostic markers in a patient with sepsis. Case reports, editorials, conference abstracts, and animal studies were excluded. RevMan software [5.4] was used to perform the meta-analysis.

Results

After the complete screening, 5 observational studies were included in the meta-analysis. The total number of patients included in the meta-analysis in the sepsis group is 565 and 781 in the control group. The pooled analysis between the sepsis group and controls showed a statistically significant association between sepsis and increased levels of MDW and PCT [MD = 3.94, 95% CI = 2.53 to 5.36, p-value < 0.00001] and [MD = 9.29, 95% CI = 0.67 to 17.91, p-value = 0.03] respectively. Moreover, the subgroup analysis showed that the p-value of MDW levels [< 0.00001] is more significant than the p-value of PCT levels = 0.03, the p-value between the two subgroups [< 0.00001]. Additionally, the overall ROC Area for MDW [0.790] > the overall ROC Area for PCT [0.760].

Conclusion

Our study revealed a statistically significant association between sepsis and increased MDW and PCT levels compared with controls and the overall ROC Area for MDW is higher than the overall ROC Area for PCT, indicating that the diagnostic accuracy of MDW is higher than PCT.MDW can be used as a diagnostic marker for sepsis patients in the emergency department. More multicenter studies are needed to support our findings.
Climbing the Giara: A quantitative reassessment of movement and visibility in the Nuragic landscape of the Gesturi plateau (South-Central Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: Schirru Davide , Vanzetti Alessandro
Published: August 2023

The built landscape of Nuragic Sardinia is an exceptional case for geostatistical analysis, allowing for a discussion of long-held assumptions and ideas. The function of nuraghi (ca. 1700–1100 BCE), the most prominent settled monument of the Sardinian Bronze Age, has been addressed via a multiplicity of landscape approaches, mainly relying on intuitive assessments of their spatial properties: nuraghi were assumed as means of territorial control. The series of nuraghi crowning the mesa plateau namedGiaraof Gesturi (South-Central Sardinia) provides a significant case for the study of their relations with visibility and movement. Context-oriented GIS models based on viewsheds and least-cost paths have been devised as targeted tools. The results show a certain correlation between nuraghi and potential movement on the slopes, thanks to the selection of plateau morphologies such as outward crests. Anyway, nuraghi do not stand exactly at the most accessible points of the plateau. Nuraghi offered ample visual control, especially at large distances, but not specifically over the closest accessible ways. This suggests that the function of nuraghi is somehow connected to defense and visibility, but it is not explained directly by local territorial control: a role as landmarks and multifaceted monuments has likely to be envisioned.
Comparison of the data mining and machine learning algorithms for predicting the final body weight for Romane sheep breed
Authors: Tırınk Cem , Önder Hasan , Francois Dominique , Marcon Didier , Şen Uğur , Shaikenova Kymbat , Omarova Karlygash , Tyasi Thobela Louis
Published: August 2023

The current study aimed to predict final body weight (weight of fourth months of age to select the future reproducers) by using birth weight, birth type, sex, suckling weight, age at suckling weight, weaning weight, age at weaning weight, and age of final body weight for the Romane sheep breed. For this purpose, classification and regression tree (CART), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and support vector machine regression (SVR) algorithms were used for training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. Different data mining and machine learning algorithms were used to predict final body weight of 393 Romane sheep (238 female and 155 male animals) were used with different artificial intelligence algorithms. The best prediction model was obtained by CART model, both training and testing set. Constructed CART models indicated that sex, suckling weight, weaning weight, age of weaning weight, and age of final weight could be used as an indirect selection measure to get a superior sheep flock on the final body weight of Romane sheep. If genetically established, the Romane sheep whose sex is female, age of final weight is over 142 days, and weaning weight is over 28 kg could be chosen for affording genetic improvement in final body weight. In conclusion, the usage of CART procedure may be worthy of reflection for identifying breed standards and choosing superior sheep for meat yield in France.
Transcriptional signatures measured in whole blood correlate with protection against tuberculosis in inbred and outbred mice
Authors: Kurtz Sherry L. , Rydén Patrik , Elkins Karen L.
Published: August 2023

Although BCG has been used for almost 100 years to immunize against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB remains a global public health threat. Numerous clinical trials are underway studying novel vaccine candidates and strategies to improve or replace BCG, but vaccine development still lacks a well-defined set of immune correlates to predict vaccine-induced protection against tuberculosis. This study aimed to address this gap by examining transcriptional responses to BCG vaccination in C57BL/6 inbred mice, coupled with protection studies using Diversity Outbred mice. We evaluated relative gene expression in blood obtained from vaccinated mice, because blood is easily accessible, and data can be translated to human studies. We first determined that the average peak time after vaccination is 14 days for gene expression of a small subset of immune-related genes in inbred mice. We then performed global transcriptomic analyses using whole blood samples obtained two weeks after mice were vaccinated with BCG. Using comparative bioinformatic analyses and qRT-PCR validation, we developed a working correlate panel of 18 genes that were highly correlated with administration of BCG but not heat-killed BCG. We then tested this gene panel using BCG-vaccinated Diversity Outbred mice and revealed associations between the expression of a subset of genes and disease outcomes after aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis. These data therefore demonstrate that blood-based transcriptional immune correlates measured within a few weeks after vaccination can be derived to predict protection against M. tuberculosis, even in outbred populations.
Countermovement push-up test to assess the upper extremity force-time characteristics in swimmers during a macrocycle
Authors: Öztürk Ferhat , Ünver Evrim , Özçadırcı Aykut , Cinemre Şükrü Alpan , Kınıklı Gizem İrem
Published: August 2023

Although it is known that swimming training can improve upper extremity performance, the force-time characteristics of the upper extremity during different training periods are not well understood. The objective of this study was to measure changes in the force-time characteristics of the upper extremity of young swimmers during different training periods within a season. Seventeen young swimmers, comprising 5 males (age: 15.4 ± 0.54 years); 12 females (16.4 ± 2.6 years) participated in this study. They were tested at four experimental test time points: baseline (E1), post-general preparation (E2), post-specific preparation (E3), and taper season (E4). The countermovement push-up test was performed using a force plate to measure force time parameters. Differences in force, time, velocity and impulse parameters were evaluated between the different periods. The study found that vertical take off velocity significantly increased across the assessed periods (F = 11.79; p = .001; η2 = .424), with significant increases from E1 to E2 (p < .001) and from E3 to E4 (p = .016). Flight Time also significantly increased across the assessed periods (F = 11.79; p = .001; η2 = .424), with significant increases from E1 to E2 (p < .001), from E1 to E4(p = .001), and from E3 to E4 (p = .005). The Force Impulse significantly increased throughout the assessed periods (F = 5.84; p = .012; η2 = .267), with significant increases from E1 to E2, (p = .006), from E1 to E3 (p = .016), and from E1 to E4 (p = .003). As this study shows, periods of increased training intensity can affect athletic progression, even though training aims to improve strength, speed, and performance. While some practical aspects such as strength, flight time, and impulse parameters may change during a macrocycle, the countermovement push-up test can provide trainers with an alternative and convenient way to monitor anaerobic force, speed, and performance, as well as measure explosive force-time performance in the upper body.
An online browser-based attentional blink replication using visual objects
Authors: Sharabas Deena , Varlet Manuel , Grootswagers Tijl
Published: August 2023

The complex relationship between attention and visual perception can be exemplified and investigated through the Attentional Blink. The attentional blink is characterised by impaired attention to the second of two target stimuli, when both occur within 200 – 500ms. The attentional blink has been well studied in experimental lab settings. However, despite the rise of online methods for behavioural research, their suitability for studying the attentional blink has not been fully addressed yet, the main concern being the lack of control and timing variability for stimulus presentation. Here, we investigated the suitability of online testing for studying the attentional blink with visual objects. Our results show a clear attentional blink effect between 200 to 400ms following the distractor including a Lag 1 sparing effect in line with previous research despite significant inter-subject and timing variability. This work demonstrates the suitability of online methods for studying the attentional blink with visual objects, opening new avenues to explore its underlying processes.
Associations of eccentric force variables during jumping and eccentric lower-limb strength with vertical jump performance: A systematic review
Authors: Nishiumi Daichi , Nishioka Takuya , Saito Hiromi , Kurokawa Takanori , Hirose Norikazu
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the associations of eccentric force variables during jumping and eccentric lower-limb strength with vertical jump performance. A literature search was conducted in September 2022 using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Thirteen cross-sectional studies investigating the relationship between eccentric force and strength variables, such as force, rate of force development (RFD), power, time, and velocity, and vertical jump performance, including the jump height, reactive strength index (RSI), and reactive strength index-modified (RSImod), were included in this systematic review. As eccentric strength, variables during the unloading-to-braking phase of countermovement jump (CMJ) (force, RFD, etc.) and the eccentric force of the squat movement and knee joint were included. The CMJ height, RSImod, and drop jump RSI were included to analyze the vertical jump performance. The modified form of the Downs and Black checklist was used to evaluate quality. Associations between the force and RFD during the descending phase of the CMJ and jump height were observed in some studies but not in others, with differences between the studies. Some studies reported associations between the force and/or RFD during the descending phase of the CMJ and RSImod of the CMJ, with no differences among their results. In addition, there are associations of the eccentric forces during squatting and knee extension with the CMJ and the drop jump heights and RSI of the drop jump. The eccentric force variables in the CMJ and RSImod are related; however, their relationship with jump height remains unclear. Furthermore, improved eccentric muscle strength may contribute to vertical jump height because of the associations of the eccentric strength during knee extension and squatting with jump height.
Effects of smoke-free government policy in Qingdao, China: Evidence from the path analysis
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wang Rui , Duan Haiping , Ma Zhenhua , Huo Lingling , Jia Xiaorong , Jia Xiaocen , Qi Fei , Li Shanpeng
Published: August 2023

Smoke-free government(SFG), as a key tobacco control measure, has been added in Healthy China 2030 blueprint and Qingdao started the establishment of the demonstrative SFG in 2020.This study examined the effects of SFG policy on smoking and smoke-free(SF) environment after establishing the demonstrative SFG. This cross-sectional survey selected participants by simple random sampling from party and government agencies in Qingdao (N= 3625) and the participants filled in questionnaires online from November 31 to December 15, 2020. We utilized AMOS to set up models to analyze the direct and indirect effects of SFG policy. The findings showed that knowledge of SFG policy was positively associated with SF environment(β= 0.29,P<0.001) and negatively associated with smoking(β= -0.14,P<0.001). Knowledge of SFG policy had indirect effects on SF environment through four channels: independent mediation of discouraging smoking and attitude towards SFG policy, as well as chain mediation of these two factors, and perception of tobacco hazards and discouraging smoking, with indirect effects accounting for 33.5% of the total effect. Knowledge of SFG policy had indirect effects on smoking reduction via SF environment and two chain mediation: SF environment and attitude towards SFG policy, perception of tobacco hazards and intention to quit smoking, with indirect effects accounting for 50.2% of the total effect. The results provided the evidence that SFG policy not only had positive effects on creating SF environment but also on reducing smoking. The efficient policy infiltration to individuals played a vital role in the establishment of SFG. Attitude towards SFG policy, discouraging smoking and SF environment were the potential mediators for SFG policy. Findings in this study added more evidence related to effect mechanism of SFG policy and had a positive influence on promoting the implementation SFG policies for China and other countries.
Deep mutagenesis scanning using whole trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike highlights the importance of NTD-RBD interactions in determining spike phenotype
Authors: Kugathasan Ruthiran , Sukhova Ksenia , Moshe Maya , Kellam Paul , Barclay Wendy
Published: August 2023

New variants of SARS-CoV-2 are continually emerging with mutations in spike associated with increased transmissibility and immune escape. Phenotypic maps can inform the prediction of concerning mutations from genomic surveillance, however most of these maps currently derive from studies using monomeric RBD, while spike is trimeric, and contains additional domains. These maps may fail to reflect interdomain interactions in the prediction of phenotypes. To try to improve on this, we developed a platform for deep mutational scanning using whole trimeric spike. We confirmed a previously reported epistatic effect within the RBD affecting ACE2 binding, that highlights the importance of updating the base spike sequence for future mutational scanning studies. Using post vaccine sera, we found that the immune response of vaccinated individuals was highly focused on one or two epitopes in the RBD and that single point mutations at these positions can account for most of the immune escape mediated by the Omicron BA.1 RBD. However, unexpectedly we found that the BA.1 RBD alone does not account for the high level of antigenic escape by BA.1 spike. We show that the BA.1 NTD amplifies the immune evasion of its associated RBD. BA.1 NTD reduces neutralistion by RBD directed monoclonal antibodies, and impacts ACE2 interaction. NTD variation is thus an important mechanism of immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2. Such effects are not seen when pre-stabilized spike proteins are used, suggesting the interdomain effects require protein mobility to express their phenotype.
Using Superheroes and Villains in Counseling and Play Therapy: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals, Lawrence C. Rubin (ed.) (2020)
Authors: Barratt-Peacock Ruth
Published: August 2023

Review of: Using Superheroes and Villains in Counseling and Play Therapy: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals, Lawrence C. Rubin (ed.) (2020)

New York: Routledge, 323 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-42945-495-0, e-book, AUD 68.99

ISBN 978-1-13861-326-3, h/bk, AUD 242.00

ISBN 978-1-13861-327-0, p/bk, AUD 75.99
Estado nutricional y consumo de frutas, verduras, legumbres, alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados en adultos de Santiago de Chile
Authors: Rodríguez Ximena , Villota Claudio , Salva Rocío , Cortés Valeria
Published: August 2023

Introducción: El sedentarismo y el consumo de alimentos no saludables se asocian con sobrepeso y obesidad en la población. El consumo de frutas, verduras y legumbres ha disminuido con el tiempo y gran parte de la población chilena no cumple con las recomendaciones de ingesta diaria.
Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el IMC de adultos chilenos y el consumo y frecuencia de diversos alimentos naturales, procesados y ultraprocesados.
Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico en 516 sujetos entre 18 y 68 años. Se determinó el estado nutricional por medio de IMC. Para analizar el consumo de alimentos naturales y comida procesada se utilizó la encuesta sobre hábitos alimentarios. Los participantes firmaron un consentimiento informado. Los valores obtenidos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico SPSS®.  Los resultados obtenidos fueron analizados por medio de T-Student, Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, ANOVA de una vía y prueba exacta de Fisher, para así definir la asociación entre ellos.
Resultados: El 0,8 % de los evaluados se clasificó como bajo peso; 42,2 % con estado nutricional normal; 42,8 % en sobrepeso y el 14,0 % con obesidad. El 37,8 % de los evaluados no consume frutas diariamente; el 22,9 % no consume verduras durante el día y 26,4 % no consume legumbres semanalmente. El 39,5 % de las personas toma al día 1 o más porciones de bebidas azucaradas y el 35,3 % consume frituras 1 o más veces por semana. Un mayor consumo de frutas (p=0,04), verduras (p=0,002) y legumbres (p=0,03) se asoció a un menor IMC. El consumo elevado de bebidas y jugos azucarados se asoció a un mayor IMC (p=0,002). Finalmente, se evidenció una asociación significativa entre el consumo de verduras al día, legumbres por semana y jugos azucarados respecto del estado nutricional (95% de confianza).
Conclusiones: Se observó una frecuencia elevada de sobrepeso y obesidad acompañado de un bajo consumo de frutas, verduras y legumbres. Los adultos que tenían una ingesta mayor de alimentos naturales presentaron un menor IMC, a diferencia de aquellos que tenían una ingesta más elevada de bebidas azucaradas y alimentos ultraprocesados.
Seguridad Alimentaria en escolares chilenos y migrantes durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Antofagasta, Chile
Authors: Hun Nelson , Urzúa Alfonso , Palma Naditza , Chocobar Joana , Leiva-Gutiérrez José
Published: August 2023

Introducción. La seguridad alimentaria (SA) se define como la existencia de acceso físico y económico a suficientes alimentos, inocuos y nutritivos para satisfacer las necesidades alimenticias. Durante la pandemia de covid-19, todas las dimensiones de la SA se vieron afectadas dado el impacto de las medidas sanitarias.
Objetivo. Comparar el nivel de seguridad alimentaria en escolares migrantes y chilenos durante la pandemia covid-19 en la ciudad de Antofagasta.
Métodos. Estudio transversal analítico. El reclutamiento se realizó a través de un muestreo no probabilístico intencionado, participaron 542 escolares de primero a octavo básico de la comuna de Antofagasta. Se utilizó la Escala ELCSA. La batería de cuestionarios se diseñó digitalmente. Se efectuaron análisis descriptivos a través de distribución de frecuencias y se utilizó la prueba de chi cuadrado.
Resultados. El total de inseguridad alimentaria en todos sus niveles en niños y niñas chilenos fue respectivamente de 74,3% y 71,2%. Por su parte, niños y niñas migrantes presentaron niveles de inseguridad alimentaria total de 73,6% y 75,9% respectivamente. No se evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre chilenos y migrantes.
Conclusión: Los niveles de inseguridad alimentaria reportados son significativamente más altos en todas sus categorías que niveles pre-pandemia con independencia de la nacionalidad, sexo y nivel educativo.
Adecuación Nutricional y Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea y su Asociación con Hábitos de Vida de Estudiantes de Medicina: Un Estudio Transversal Descriptivo
Authors: Riquelme-Gallego Blanca , Hernández-Ruiz Ángela , Aurora Maldonado-Calvo Aurora , Rivera-Izquierdo Mario , García-Molina Laura , Cano-Ibañez Naomi , Bueno-Cavanillas Aurora
Published: August 2023

Introducción. A pesar de que la etapa universitaria es crucial para la adquisición de hábitos de vida que pueden repercutir en el estado de salud, se ha evidenciado una alimentación inadecuada en esta población.
Objetivos. (1) Estudiar el nivel de adecuación a las recomendaciones de ingesta alimentarias en estudiantes de medicina, (2) determinar la adhesión a la Dieta Mediterránea (Diet Med) y (3) determinar las variables asociadas con el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones dietéticas.
Metodología. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se analizó la ingesta dietética de 225 estudiantes de medicina mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos. Se calculó la ingesta de nutrientes mediante la utilización de tablas de composición de alimentos y el porcentaje de cumplimiento de micronutrientes (RDI para población adulta española). Se determinó la adhesión a la Diet Med y el riesgo cardiovascular. Se realizaron modelos regresión logística múltiple con objeto de determinar las variables asociadas con la adecuación nutricional.
Resultados. Los estudiantes de medicina muestran una baja adhesión a la Diet Med así como una baja frecuencia del cumplimiento de las RDI de vitamina A, D y calcio. El cumplimiento con las recomendaciones se asoció positivamente con variables como el sexo femenino y la Diet Med en el caso de las recomendaciones de vitamina A, mientras que un mayor IMC y sedentarismo se asociaron negativamente con las de vitamina D.
Conclusiones. Los hábitos alimentarios de los estudiantes de medicina pueden considerarse poco saludables, por lo que deben priorizarse intervenciones educativas y conductuales para mejorar el estilo de vida de esta población. 
Financiación. B.R.-G. is a Postdoctoral Investigator funded by the Junta de Andalucía (ref. RH-0069-2021).
Digital Right Management and Accessibility of Libraries Electronic Resources for Blind and Visually Impaired Users
Authors: Devi Rekha , Kumar Shailendra
Published: August 2023

In this digital era, where digital information is available in various formats, Digital Right Management has emerged as a great technology used by content owners to safeguard their intellectual property digitally. Digital rights management restricts the use of copyrighted digital works from unauthorised access. Although Digital Right Management appears to protect writers’ copyrights, it limits the copyright freedom of blind and visually impaired users who depend on accessibility features. The study aims to discuss and highlight the impact of Digital Right Management on the accessibility of libraries’ electronic resources for BVI users. Furthermore, it discusses how complex Digital Rights Management violates the fair-use rights of BVI users by making it impossible for them to access electronic resources. This review article outlines the key research findings on Digital Right Management hindrances encountered by blind and visually impaired users in accessing electronic resources. The results root in the literature surveyed discloses that the majority of libraries throughout the world are falling behind in delivering efficient access to electronic resources for BVI users. Libraries have a variety of obstacles to the accessibility of electronic content, including Digital Right Management challenges, license constraints, website design limitations, accessibility issues, and compatibility issues with assistive software. To overcome some of these barriers, librarians should review the implications of Digital Right Management for accessibility. Moreover, librarians must be knowledgeable about the numerous forms of visual impairments, including these users in accessibility studies, and consider the assistive technology they use. The article will review the literature on the following topics: find out how accessible electronic resources in libraries are for blind or visually impaired users; identify existing accessibility challenges arising from Digital Right Management technologies that impede access to electronic resources by blind or visually impaired users, and identify the challenges that they are facing.
Entrevista com Guilherme Garcia
Authors: Garcia Guilherme , Cotrim Flavio , Thiesen Guilherme , Zanardi Gustavo , Drummond Alexandre Fortes
Published: August 2023

Para mim, falar sobre o Dr. Guilherme Garcia é muito fácil e prazeroso, pois conheço toda sua trajetória e participei de quase todas as etapas. Ele iniciou na Odontologia em 2002, na UFMG, e foi meu aluno na graduação em 2006, ano em que se formou. Sempre quis ser ortodontista e, logo que se formou, começou a fazer Aperfeiçoamento em Ortodontia Interceptiva, com duração de um ano, na própria UFMG. Procurou, também, por estágios em clínicas privadas de profissionais renomados na cidade de Belo Horizonte/MG, ingressando em nosso curso de especialização (UFMG) em 2007, finalizando-o em 2009. Seu primeiro contato com o sistema Invisalign foi em 2007, em uma clínica privada na qual estagiava. Não se empolgou muito, pois o sistema era limitado, necessitando, na maioria das vezes, de montagem de aparelho fixo estético convencional para a finalização do caso, deixando o profissional sem controle e refém dos alinhadores.
A review on detailed understanding and recent advances on Colletotrichum capsici causing anthracnose of chilli.
Authors: Sawant Kartik , Kumar Devendra , T. S Archana , Chavan Sanket Sudhakar , Chavan Ajay , Reddy Sumanth Kumar , Akhilesh Chandhrapati , Kumar Vipul , Hussain Rafakat , Kolhe Siddhesh
Published: August 2023

Chilli is one of the most significant spice crops cultivated with numerous culinary, medicinal, and industrial applications. Colletotrichum have a wide host range causing anthracnose disease in various crops whereas in chili anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici is the major constraint in chili production. Under severe environmental conditions, the symptoms appear all over the plant including fruit which lead to complete crop damage. The particular disease has a huge economic impact on yield reduction and also debars the export criteria due to the less quality of chili crop. Management of the disease is difficult under field conditions and majority of the management strategies are highly dependent on the use of chemicals. Solely rely on chemicals is harmful to environmental and human health so integrated disease management approach can help to manage the disease at the initial stage. Detection and identification of pathogen play a major role in pathogen management. Early identification and detection of the pathogen based on conventional and molecular methods are very important to reduce yield loss under field conditions. The current review consists of a detailed understanding of the pathogen, identification, detection and diagnosis, and the most recent research updates.
Studies on in vitro evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle
Authors: Behera Bhagyeswari , Satapathy Kunja Bihari
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle by examining its antibacterial and antioxidant properties in in vitro condition. For this study the methanolic and n -hexane extracts of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle was tested against 5 pathogenic bacteria such as “Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexneri and Vibrio choleriae” by using agar well diffusion method and for antioxidant activity DPPH scavenging assay was carried out. An antibiotic Ciprofloxacin was taken as reference. The result of the study revealed that, the n-hexane extract of H. verticillata showed highest zone of inhibition against Enterococcus faecalis (20±1.41 mm) and least against Vibrio choleriae (12±1.63 mm) at concentration of 15 mg/mL. While, methanolic extract showed highest zone of inhibition against Shigella flexneri (26±0.75 mm) and the least zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae (20±1.24 mm). The significant result for anti-oxidant activity was evaluated. The IC50 value of n-hexane and methanolic extracts were 36.26 and 16.84 respectively. The methanolic extract was found to be having better result than n-hexane extract. The n-hexane ex-tract showed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenoids and polyphenolic compounds, tannin, glycoside while phytoconstituents like alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoid, glycosides, triterpenoids and poly- phenolic compounds were found to be present in methanolic extract of H. verticillata. Further study can be done on the evaluation of secondary metabolites compound analysis for therapeutic effect.
Root traits correlated with soybean yield in a subtropical region
Authors: Ebone Luciano Antônio , Caverzan Andréia , Silveira Diógenes Cecchin , Chiomento José Luís Trevizan , Chavarria Geraldo
Published: August 2023

Root system plays a crucial role in plants’ anchoring, water and nutrients acquisition and storage of carbohydrates. While it is understood that root system traits contribute to crop yield, little is known about the particular effects of root morphology over crop yield, even on major crops such as soybean (Glycine max). The objective of this study was to investigate if distinct soybean grain yield plants, grown at different sites, displayed differences in their root system morphology. This distinct traits in the root system should be responsible to the differences of yield, thus, showing which traits should be followed in breeding programs to develop higher yield cultivars. The soybean cultivar DM 5958 RSF IPRO was sowing in a randomized complete block design experiment. Treatments comprised three cultivation sites and five soybean grain yield classes. Plant emergence and root system morphology attributes were evaluated. Results showed that late emergence negatively influenced root development. A huge difference among sites over very thin (89%) and thin (85%) roots was found in the high yield class, and since the plants have similar yield, it appeared that the thin and very thin roots length have no impact on the yield, being influenced mostly by the environment. Forks and tips roots didn’t show a pattern. In contrast, roots volume only showed a 22% reduction, demonstrating to be less influenced by the environment, resulting in a greater correlation with the grain yield. Thus identified as the main attribute to be explored when seeking to select new soybean cultivars.
The macrophytes of lake Velenjsko Jezero, Slovenia – the succession of macrophytes after restoration of the lake
Authors: Mazej Zdenka , Epšek Mateja
Published: August 2023

The macrophyte vegetation in the artificial lake Velenjsko jezero has been monitored since 1996.The pH of the lake was around 12 up to 1994, when it was remediated. After that macrophytes started to colonize a large proportion of the littoral very quickly. The pioneer species, which appeared in the first survey year (1996), were Chara sp., Nuphar lutea, Potamogeton crispus and Myriophyllum spicatum. Potamogeton crispuswas the dominant species till 1997. In the following years Najas marina and Potamogeton filiformis prevailed over other species in the lake. Since the beginning of the colonization, the species composition had become more heterogeneous and the quantitative relationships between the species varied enormously. In the year 2004, 9 species were detected in the lake. While species Najas marina, Potamogeton filiformis, Potamogeton lucens, Potamogeton nodosus show positive development progress, in the last years minor appearance of Charasp., Potamogeton crispusand Najas minor was observed.
Present status and distribution of the lynx in the German Alps 2000–2004
Authors: Wölfl Manfred
Published: August 2023

The short survey of monitoring Lynx lynx in German Alps was reported.
Fungal colonization of the roots of selected halophytes from Sečovlje salterns
Authors: Sonjak Silva , Glavina Tamara , Udovič Metka , Regvar Marjana
Published: August 2023

To reveal their mycotrophic status, we have here analysed the fungal colonisation of the roots, and the identity of these fungi, of the most abundant halophytic plant species from Sečovlje salterns (Slovenia): Aster tripolium, Limonium angustifolium and Salicornia europaea. The highest frequency of fungal colonisation was seen for the roots of A. tripolium, followed by those of L. angustifolium and S. europaea. Hyphae and occasional microsclerotia, the assumed structures of dark septate endophytes, were seen in the roots of all three species, whereas arbuscules, as typical structures of arbuscular mycorrhiza, were seen in the roots of A. tripolium and in one specimen of L. angustifolium. Fungal partial small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU-rDNA) fragments were amplifi ed from total root DNA extracts for further restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of the structures of the fungal root communities. Fifteen different RFLP profi les were obtained that grouped into two major clusters. Two RFLP profi les strongly dominated in samples of all three of the plant species. Sequencing revealed that one of these profiles corresponds to the species Cylindrobasidium laeve (Basidiomycota), and the second to Capnobotryella sp. / Phaeotheca fi ssurella, putative dark septate endophytes from the class Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota). Intraspecific RFLP polymorphisms were demonstrated for both species. To our knowledge, this is the first report on dark septate endophyte fungi occurrence in roots of A. tripolium, L. angustifolium and S. europaea.
How are Age and Gender Related to Attitude Toward Plants and Animals?
Authors: Strgar Jelka
Published: August 2023

The article examines attitude towards plants and animals in a population of 210 pupils aged 9 to 18. The results support the proposition that animals are generally more interesting to pupils than plants. Their interest was strongly influenced by age, while gender-based difference was only one.
Razvoj raziskav fizične antropologije v Sloveniji
Authors: Štefančič Marija
Published: August 2023

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Preferences for different substrates in Phalangium opilio (Opiliones: Phalangiidae) in natural environment
Authors: Novak Tone , Klokočovnik Vesna , Lipovšek Delakorda Saša , Devetak Dušan , Janželpvoč Franc
Published: August 2023

Phalangium opilio is the most widespread and one of the most common harvestman species in anthropogenic environments. A preliminary field experiment was carried out in Slovenia testing its preferences for different substrates. A two metres high rectangular tower with walls constituted of vertical bands of concrete, twice fired tile, wood and styrofoam was placed in ameadow. The wood proved to be the most suitable substrate, providing the most stable temperatures and moisture levels in comparison with the other experimental materials. In anthropogenic environment, various available substrates in microhabitats of Ph. opilio considerably contribute to a fine regulation of searching relatively thermally and moist-stable resting sites.
Centipede catch in pitfall traps with leading boards
Authors: Grgič Tanja , Kos Ivan
Published: August 2023

In investigations of soil arthropods, different methods are used for collecting specimens. During centipede community investigation in unevenly aged beech stand in Dinaric forests in Slovenia pitfall traps with leading boards were used to catch centipedes that walked in a certain direction. In present paper these traps and catching centipedes using them is presented. In studied stand 30 pitfall traps (each having 2 collecting vessels) with leading boards were placed and emptied through the whole year of 2003. 2367 centipedes from 37 species (out of 44 species already found in this stand) were caught. The majority of catch presents well mobile, bodily bigger epigeic lithobiids that prefer litter layer. The portion of juveniles was very low.
Tissue culture of Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) and associated microbial contamination
Authors: Ambrožič Dolinšek Jana , Ravnikar Maja , Žel Jana , Demšar Tina , Camloh Marjana , Cankar Katarina , Dreo Taja
Published: August 2023

Microbial contamination was observed on several subcultures of Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) (Trevir.) Schultz-bip. callus lines. The presence of microorganisms- sms was detected by isolation of contaminants in pure culture from 7 out of 34 callus lines and direct ampliication of eubacterial 16S rDNA in the pyrethrum callus and plants and isolated bacteria. Altogether 16 contaminants were further analyzed, observing their morphology on several media and restriction of ampliied 16S rDNA. Analysis revealed presence and persistence of morphologically and genetically diverse bacteria in pyrethrum tissue culture. Due to cross-reactivity of 16S rDNA primers with DNA of plant origin, no conclusions could be drawn on the origin of contaminants.