bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Oxidative Decarboxylation of Difluoroacetates: Efficient Access to C—CF2 Bond Formation.
Authors: Wan Wen , Ma Guobin , Li Jialiang , Chen Yunrong , Hu Qingyang , Li Minjie , Jiang Haizhen , Deng Hongmei , Hao Jian
Published: May 2016

The difluoromethylene radical is generated in the title reaction and it reacts with isocyanides to form the C—CF2 bond under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation of Indoles with Diazo Compounds: Access to Pyrimido[1,6‐a]indole‐1(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Chen Xun , Hu Xinwei , Bai Siyi , Deng Yuanfu , Jiang Huanfeng , Zeng Wei
Published: May 2016

The method tolerates a broad range of indoles and diazo compounds and is applicable to the corresponding transformation of pyrroles to 2H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐c]pyrimidin‐1‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐Free Multicomponent Synthesis of 7‐Azagramine Analogues via a Mannich Type Reaction
Authors: Dongare Sakharam B. , Chavan Hemant V. , Bhale Pravin S. , Mule Yoginath B. , Kotmale Amol S. , Bandgar Babasaheb P.
Published: May 2016

starting from azaindole, various aromatic aldehydes, and heterocyclic amines
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles with Fully Substituted N‐Fused Pyrrole Rings.
Authors: Bakshi Debanjan , Singh Anand
Published: May 2016

The mild, metal‐free [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition reaction of allenoates with ylides deriving from pyridine, quinoline or isoquinoline derivatives provides a diverse range of the title products in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C—H Ethoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of Imidazoheterocycles.
Authors: Mishra Subhajit , Mondal Pallab , Ghosh Monoranjan , Mondal Susmita , Hajra Alakananda
Published: May 2016

Imidazopyridines, imidazothiazoles and benzoimidazothiazoles are regioselectively ethoxycarbonyldifluoromethylated in an efficient manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of N‐Nitrosaminoquinolinediones with LiAlH4 — an Easy Path to New Tricyclic Benzoxadiazocines.
Authors: Klasek Antonin , Lycka Antonin , Kremen Filip , Ruzicka Ales , Rouchal Michal
Published: May 2016

Benzoxadiazocinone derivatives (IV) are synthesized in three steps starting from amines (I) by two alternative routes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chiral Building Block for the Stereocontrolled Installation of the 1,3‐Diol Motif.
Authors: Bredenkamp Angela , Zhu Zhi‐Bin , Kirsch Stefan F.
Published: May 2016

New enantiopure building blocks (I) and (II) for direct installation of the 1,3‐diol motif are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Base Mediated Direct C—H Amination for Pyrimidines Synthesis from Amidines and Cinnamaldehydes Using Oxygen as Green Oxidants.
Authors: Guo Wei
Published: May 2016

A facile and straightforward approach for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrimidine derivatives via metal‐free direct amination of cinnamaldehyde derivatives with amidines is developed using molecular oxygen as green oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinazolinones from O‐Aminobenzamides and Benzyl Amines under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Qi Xin‐Xin , Song Zhen‐Zhen , Gong Jin‐Long , Fang Zheng‐Yu , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: May 2016

An environmentally friendly methodology for the formation of quinazolinones (III) is developed using H2O2 as green oxidant under both metal and solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A One Pot, Two‐Step Synthesis of 5‐Arylpyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines and Screening of Their Preliminary Antibacterial Properties.
Authors: Saikia Lakhinath , Roudragouda P. , Thakur Ashim J.
Published: May 2016

The method involves the Michael type addition of various nitrostyrenes to pyrimidinone (I) and the subsequent reductive cyclization of the adduct utilizing the strong reducing nature of an alkaline Na2S2O4 solution combined with fact that the alkaline medium favors the Michael type addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Silaborative Carbocyclizations of 1,7‐Enynes. Diastereoselective Preparation of Chromane Derivatives.
Authors: Xiao You‐Cai , Moberg Christina
Published: May 2016

The title reaction od terminal 1,7‐enynes delivers cyclohexane derivatives, particularly chromanes, bearing a boron‐functionalized exocyclic double bond in addition to a silylmethylene functionality.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of P‐Stereogenic Secondary Phosphine Oxides Using α‐d‐Glucosamine as a Chiral Precursor.
Authors: Copey Laurent , Jean‐Gerard Ludivine , Andrioletti Bruno , Framery Eric
Published: May 2016

The stereoselective nucleophilic attack of organometallics to phosphinate (I) gives access to the corresponding enantioenriched secondary phosphine oxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromophosphoalkoxylation of Olefins with Organic Phosphates, Cyclic Ethers and NBS.
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Peng Chang , Ning Siyang , Zhang Yixin , Khan Muhammad , Zhao Zongbao K.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction proceeds highly regio‐ and diastereoselective.
ChemInform Abstract: DCDMH‐Promoted Synthesis of Thiophosphates by Coupling of H‐Phosphonates with Thiols.
Authors: Bi Xiaojing , Li Junchen , Meng Fanhua , Wang Hongmei , Xiao Junhua
Published: May 2016

Aside the thiophosphates, the corresponding disulfides are often formed as by‐product.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to New Thiazepinyl and Oxazepinyl Phosphonates Through a Green Pudovik Reaction.
Authors: Saha Debasmita , Kaur Tanpreet , Singh Neetu , Singh Udai P. , Sharma Anuj
Published: May 2016

The microwave‐assisted, catalyst and solvent‐free reaction can be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic and Atom‐Economic Intermolecular Amidoselenenylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Tang E. , Wang Weilin , Zhao Yinjiao , Zhang Meng , Dai Xin
Published: May 2016

A broad range of alkenes, such as 1‐substituted, 1,1‐disubstituted as well as (E)‐ and (Z)‐1,2‐disubstituted olefins, including cyclic derivatives, react with N‐(phenylseleno)phthalimide to form amidoselenides in generally high yields and with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetraphenylphosphonium Tetrafluoroborate/1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoroisopropanol (Ph4PBF4/HFIP) Effecting Epoxide‐Initiated Cation—Olefin Polycyclizations.
Authors: Tian Yan , Xu Xin , Zhang Lin , Qu Jin
Published: May 2016

Metal‐ and catalyst‐free di‐, tri‐ and tetracyclization reactions with a broad functional group tolerance providing polycyclic terpenoids are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Paeonenoides D and E: Two New Nortriterpenoids from Paeonia lactiflora and Their Inhibitory Activities on NO Production.
Authors: Fu Qiang , Qiu Lu , Yuan Hai‐Mei , Yu Tian , Zou Liang
Published: May 2016

Two new nortriterpenoids, paeonenoides D (Ia) and E (Ib), are isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora.
ChemInform Abstract: Four New Pregnane Steroids from Aglaia abbreviata and Their Cytotoxic Activities.
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhu Yu , Li Qin , Cen Juan
Published: May 2016

Four pregnane steroids, aglaiasterol A (Ia), B (Ib), C (Ic), and D (II), are isolated from ethanol extract of stems of Aglaia abbreviata.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Prenylflavonol Glycosides from Heat‐Processed Epimedium koreanum
Authors: Li Jin‐Yu , Li Hong‐Mei , Liu Dan , Gao Ling‐Huan , Li Rong‐Tao
Published: May 2016

isolation and structure elucidation of new prepylflavonol glycosides such as epimedkoreside A (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Codonopiloneolignanin A, a Polycyclic Neolignan with a New Carbon Skeleton from the Roots of Codonopsis pilosula
Authors: Jiang Yue‐Ping , Guo Qing‐Lan , Liu Yu‐Feng , Shi Jian‐Gong
Published: May 2016

isolation, structure elucidation and possible biosynthetic pathway of the new neolignan codonopiloneolignanin A
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Total Synthesis of Enigmazole A.
Authors: Ahlers Andreas , de Haro Teresa , Gabor Barbara , Fuerstner Alois
Published: May 2016

This total synthesis provides Enigmazole A (III) in 3.3% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomolecules in Metal and Semiconductor Nanoparticle Growth
Authors: Baumann Verena , Habeeb Muhammed Madathumpady Abubaker , Blanch Adam J. , Dey Priyanka , Rodriguez‐Fernandez Jessica
Published: May 2016

Review: influence of DNA, amino acids, proteins, peptides, and enzymes on the growth of inorganic nanoparticles; 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Growth of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles: Single‐Crystalline versus Multiply‐Twinned Particles
Authors: Carbo‐Argibay Enrique , Rodriguez‐Gonzalez Benito
Published: May 2016

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Metal‐Organic Frameworks (IMOFs): Design Principles and Applications
Authors: Karmakar Avishek , Desai Aamod V. , Ghosh Sujit K.
Published: May 2016

Review: 172 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Polymers and Metal‐Organic Frameworks Based on Poly(pyrazole)‐Containing Ligands
Authors: Pettinari Claudio , Tabacaru Aurel , Galli Simona
Published: May 2016

Review: 261 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polynuclear and Polymeric Squarato‐Bridged Coordination Compounds
Authors: Massoud Salah S. , Louka Febee R. , Mautner Franz A.
Published: May 2016

Review: 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Anderson‐Evans Polyoxometalate: From Inorganic Building Blocks via Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Structures to Tomorrows “Bio‐POM”
Authors: Blazevic Amir , Rompel Annette
Published: May 2016

Review: 297 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bond Activation by Metal‐Carbene Complexes in the Gas Phase
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Li Jilai , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: May 2016

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Dimerization of Thiophosgene and Trichlorothioacetyl Chloride S‐Imides — Head‐to‐Head and/or Head‐to‐Tail?
Authors: Voss Juergen , Buddensiek Dirk , Senning Alexander
Published: May 2016

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Novel Reactions Induced by Coherent Molecular Vibrational Excitation and Direct Observation of Molecular Structural Change During “Thermal” Reactions
Authors: Iwakura Izumi , Yabushita Atsushi
Published: May 2016

Review: [28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Oxazolidinones as Chiral Auxiliaries in the Asymmetric Alkylation Reaction Applied to Total Synthesis
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Zadsirjan Vahideh , Farajpour Behnaz
Published: May 2016

Review: [271 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium Carbide: A Unique Reagent for Organic Synthesis and Nanotechnology
Authors: Rodygin Konstantin S. , Werner Georg , Kucherov Fedor A. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: May 2016

Review: [application of CaC2 in organic synthesis, nanotechnology, and other fields; 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diethyl Carbonate: Critical Review of Synthesis Routes, Catalysts Used and Engineering Aspects
Authors: Shukla Kartikeya , Srivastava Vimal Chandra
Published: May 2016

Review: 188 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation for Lignin Valorization into Valuable Chemicals: What Results? What Limitations? What Trends?
Authors: Behling R. , Valange S. , Chatel G.
Published: May 2016

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Heterocycles via Alkyne‐Carbonyl Metathesis of Unactivated Alkynes
Authors: Saito Akio , Tateishi Keiichiro
Published: May 2016

Review: [54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytically Active Nickel—Nickel Bonds Using Redox‐Active Ligands
Authors: Uyeda Christopher , Steiman Talia J. , Pal Sudipta
Published: May 2016

Review: [29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Chemistry Made Easy: Chiral N2P2 Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Bigler Raphael , Huber Raffael , Mezzetti Antonio
Published: May 2016

Review: [47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging Transition‐Metal Activation and Aminocatalysis
Authors: Meazza Marta , Rios Ramon
Published: May 2016

Review: [55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Palladium Way to N‐Heteroacenes
Authors: Bunz Uwe H. F. , Engelhart Jens U.
Published: May 2016

Review: [25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing the Structure and Folding Pathway of Modular Topological Bionanostructures
Authors: Ljubetic A. , Drobnak I. , Gradisar H. , Jerala R.
Published: May 2016

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfatase Inhibitors for Recidivist Breast Cancer Treatment: A Chemical Review
Authors: Shah Ramanpreet , Singh Jatinder , Singh Dhandeep , Jaggi Amteshwar Singh , Singh Nirmal
Published: May 2016

Review: [135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms of the Antimicrobial Activities of Graphene Materials
Authors: Zou Xuefeng , Zhang Li , Wang Zhaojun , Luo Yang
Published: May 2016

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Long Persistent Phosphors — From Fundamentals to Applications
Authors: Li Yang , Gecevicius Mindaugas , Qiu Jianrong
Published: May 2016

Review: multidisciplinary research on synthetic methods, afterglow mechanisms, characterization techniques, material kinds, and applications of long persistent phosphors; 318 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantum Dots Derived from Two‐Dimensional Materials and Their Applications for Catalysis and Energy
Authors: Wang Xuewan , Sun Gengzhi , Li Nan , Chen Peng
Published: May 2016

Review: 190 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation Methods of Carbonaceous Materials Obtained from Agricultural Waste
Authors: Canales‐Flores Roberto A. , Prieto‐Garcia Francisco
Published: May 2016

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theory and Modeling of Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Lam Yu‐hong , Grayson Matthew N. , Holland Mareike C. , Simon Adam , Houk K. N.
Published: May 2016

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Deuterium NMR of Liquid‐Crystalline Samples at Natural Abundance
Authors: Lesot Philippe
Published: May 2016

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmental NMR: Fast‐Field‐Cycling Relaxometry
Authors: Conte Pellegrino , Alonzo Giuseppe
Published: May 2016

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy: An Emerging Tool for Drug Discovery
Authors: Tipping W. J. , Lee M. , Serrels A. , Brunton V. G. , Hulme A. N.
Published: May 2016

Review: 112 refs.
Improving the quality of survivorship for older adults with cancer
Authors: Mohile Supriya G. , Hurria Arti , Cohen Harvey J. , Rowland Julia H. , Leach Corinne R. , Arora Neeraj K. , Canin Beverly , Muss Hyman B. , Magnuson Allison , Flannery Marie , Lowenstein Lisa , Allore Heather G. , Mustian Karen M. , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Extermann Martine , Ferrell Betty , Inouye Sharon K. , Studenski Stephanie A. , Dale William
Published: May 2016

In May 2015, the Cancer and Aging Research Group, in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute on Aging through a U13 grant, convened a conference to identify research priorities to help design and implement intervention studies to improve the quality of life and survivorship of older, frailer adults with cancer. Conference attendees included researchers with multidisciplinary expertise and advocates. It was concluded that future intervention trials for older adults with cancer should: 1) rigorously test interventions to prevent the decline of or improve health status, especially interventions focused on optimizing physical performance, nutritional status, and cognition while undergoing cancer treatment; 2) use standardized care plans based on geriatric assessment findings to guide targeted interventions; and 3) incorporate the principles of geriatrics into survivorship care plans. Also highlighted was the need to integrate the expertise of interdisciplinary team members into geriatric oncology research, improve funding mechanisms to support geriatric oncology research, and disseminate high‐impact results to the research and clinical community. In conjunction with the 2 prior U13 meetings, this conference provided the framework for future research to improve the evidence base for the clinical care of older adults with cancer. Cancer 2016;122:2459–68. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
DCUDP: scalable data transfer for high‐speed long‐distance networks
Authors: Zhang Xu , Gu Naijie , Su Junjie
Published: May 2016

The emergence of high‐speed long‐distance networks has promoted the development of various new types of applications that are required to transfer bulk data efficiently. Because of the conservative additive increase and multiplicative decrease strategy, traditional TCP has a severe problem in utilizing bandwidth, which provides an opening for new classes of UDP‐based protocols. This paper proposes a high‐speed bulk data transfer protocol, Double Cubic UDP (henceforth DCUDP), which is built on top of UDP with rate control and reliability control. DCUDP improves the scalability of the protocol over high bandwidth‐delay product networks through cubic‐shaped rate control functions and employs a randomized algorithm to alleviate the impacts of continuous loss and loss synchronization. In addition, DCUDP introduces a novel high‐precision user‐space timer system to facilitate the data transfer. The experimental results demonstrate that DCUDP performs well in terms of bandwidth utilization, CPU utilization, intra‐protocol fairness and round‐trip time fairness, and exhibits favorable friendliness to standard TCP and high‐speed TCP variants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QoS‐aware indiscriminate volume storage cloud
Authors: Yang Bowei , Song Guanghua , Chen Yining , Zheng Yao , Wu Yue
Published: May 2016

Storage quality‐of‐service (QoS) is a key issue for a storage cloud infrastructure. This paper presents QoSC, a QoS‐aware indiscriminate volume Storage Cloud over the dynamic network, based on the Hadoop distributed file system. QoSC employs a data redundancy policy based on indiscriminate recovery volumes and a QoS‐aware data placement strategy. We consider the QoS of a storage node as a combination of the transfer bandwidth, the availability of service, the workload (CPU utilization), the free storage space, and the failure rate of DataNodes. We have deployed QoSC on the campus network of Zhejiang University and have conducted a group of experiments and simulations on file storage and retrieval. The results show that QoSC improves the performance of file storage and retrieval and balances the workload among DataNodes, by being aware of QoS of DataNodes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative Analyses of Hepatic OATP‐Mediated Interactions Between Statins and Inhibitors Using PBPK Modeling With a Parameter Optimization Method
Authors: Yoshikado T , Yoshida K , Kotani N , Nakada T , Asaumi R , Toshimoto K , Maeda K , Kusuhara H , Sugiyama Y
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to construct a widely applicable method for quantitative analyses of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) caused by the inhibition of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Models were constructed for pitavastatin, fluvastatin, and pravastatin as substrates and cyclosporin A (CsA) and rifampicin (RIF) as inhibitors, where enterohepatic circulations (EHC) of statins were incorporated. By fitting to clinical data, parameters that described absorption, hepatic elimination, and EHC processes were optimized, and the extent of these DDIs was explained satisfactorily. Similar in vivo inhibition constant (Ki) values of each inhibitor against OATPs were obtained, regardless of the substrates. Estimated Ki values of CsA were comparable to reported in vitro values with the preincubation of CsA, while those of RIF were smaller than reported in vitro values (coincubation). In conclusion, this study proposes a method to optimize in vivo PBPK parameters in hepatic uptake transporter‐mediated DDIs.
Immune‐Related Adverse Events From Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Marrone KA , Ying W , Naidoo J
Published: May 2016

Immunotherapy for cancer treatment has come of age, specifically with the use of immune checkpoint antibodies directed against molecules such as CTLA‐4, PD‐1, and PD‐L1. Single‐agent and combinatorial approaches utilizing these agents and other immunotherapies that may enhance antitumor effects are under investigation. With increasing clinical use of these agents, an appreciation for their toxicities comes to the fore. Adverse events that occur as a result of the immunologic effects of these therapies are termed “immune‐related adverse events” (irAEs), and range in both frequency and severity in reported single‐agent and combination studies. Improvements in our understanding of how and why irAEs develop and how to effectively manage them are needed. Herein we provide a state‐of‐the‐art synopsis of the incidence, clinical features, mechanisms, and management of selected irAEs with immune checkpoint inhibitors currently in use.
A review of extensive variation in the design of pitfall traps and a proposal for a standard pitfall trap design for monitoring ground‐active arthropod biodiversity
Authors: Brown Grant R. , Matthews Iain M.
Published: May 2016

To understand change in global biodiversity patterns requires large‐scale, long‐term monitoring. The ability to draw meaningful comparison across studies is severely hampered by extensive variation in the design of the sampling equipment and how it is used. Here, we present a meta‐analysis and description highlighting this variation in a common, widely used entomological survey technique. We report a decline in the completeness of methodological reporting over a 20‐year period, while there has been no clear reduction in the methodological variation between researchers using pitfall traps for arthropod sampling. There is a growing need for improved comparability between studies to facilitate the generation of large‐scale, long‐term biodiversity datasets. However, our results show that, counterproductive to this goal, over the last 20 years there has little progress in reducing the methodological variation. We propose a standardized pitfall trap design for the study of ground‐active arthropods. In addition, we provide a table to promote a more standardized reporting of the key methodological variables. Widespread adoption of more standardized methods and reporting would facilitate more nuanced analysis of biodiversity change.
High recurrence of device‐related adverse events following transvenous lead extraction procedure in patients with cardiac resynchronization devices
Authors: Regoli François , Bongiorni Maria Grazia , Rordorf Roberto , Santamaria Matteo , Klersy Caterine , Segreti Luca , De Regibus Valentina , Moccetti Tiziano , Conte Giulio , Caputo Maria Luce , Auricchio Angelo
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Little is known about the clinical outcome and recurring system‐related adverse events (SAE) in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patients after transvenous lead extraction (TLE).

Methods and results

From January 2009 to June 2014, 256 consecutive CRT patients (mean age 68.3 ± 11.6 years, 216 male, 88% in New York Heart Association class II–IV, ejection fraction 35.1 ± 10.8%) were treated at four European institutions with TLE. Indications for TLE included systemic (18%) or local (45%) infection, system malfunction (34%), or other (3%). Demographic, clinical, TLE procedural, and follow‐up data were collected retrospectively. Adverse events (AE) were considered as death from any cause, cardiovascular hospitalization, and SAE (SAE included pocket and/or systemic infection, lead malfunction, or pocket haematoma requiring revision). Complete removal was achieved for 609 out of 614 leads (99.2%) by using either manual traction (28%), mechanical (52%) or laser (20%) sheaths. Over a median follow‐up of 21 (interquartile range 12–29) months, cumulative incidences of any AE and SAE were 53.9% and 21.1%, respectively. Recurring system malfunction occurred in 23 patients (9.0%), infection in 16 patients (6.2%), and pocket haematoma requiring revision in 15 patients (5.9%). Oral anticoagulation therapy was an independent predictor of both any AE [hazard ratio (HR) 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35–3.22, P = 0.001] and SAE (HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.21–4.68, P = 0.012) after TLE.

Conclusions

Even though TLE is safe and effective to treat CRT patients, a high burden of recurring SAE after TLE was observed at mid‐term follow‐up. Careful evaluation of both patient characteristics as well as implantation strategy is suggested when indicating TLE in a CRT patient, particularly in patients receiving oral anticoagulation therapy.
Cavitas Sensors: Contact Lens Type Sensors & Mouthguard Sensors
Authors: Mitsubayashi Kohji , Arakawa Takahiro
Published: May 2016

“Cavitas sensors” attached to body cavities such as the contact lens and mouthguard (“no implantable”, “no wearable”) are attracted attention as self‐detachable devices for daily medicine. Many types of contact lens (CL) sensors using electrical and optical methods have been developed for monitoring not only chemicals (glucose, lactate) and electrical conductivity in tear fluid, but also transcutaneous gases at eyelid mucosa. A CL intraocular pressure telemetric sensor has been also commercialized and applied to patients for monitoring the intraocular pressure. Some mouthguard sensors have been investigated for a real‐time measurement of salivary chemicals. A graphene based sensor on tooth enamel was reported to be capable of salivary bacterium detection. Here we review the challenges regarding the integration of biosensors into monitoring for biological information of body cavities. The self‐detachable cavitas sensors are expected to improve the quality of life in the near future.
Mercury and methylmercury biogeochemistry in a thawing permafrost wetland complex, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Gordon J. , Quinton W. , Branfireun B. A. , Olefeldt D.
Published: May 2016

In arctic and sub‐arctic environments, mercury (Hg), more specifically toxic methylmercury (MeHg), is of growing concern to local communities because of its accumulation in fish. In these regions, there is particular interest in the potential mobilization of atmospherically deposited Hg sequestered in permafrost that is thawing at unprecedented rates. Permafrost thaw and the resulting ground surface subsidence transforms forested peat plateaus into treeless and permafrost‐free thermokarst wetlands where inorganic Hg released from the thawed permafrost and draining from the surrounding peat plateaus may be transformed to MeHg. This study begins to characterize the spatial distribution of MeHg in a peat plateau–thermokarst wetland complex, a feature that prevails throughout the wetland‐dominated southern margin of thawing discontinuous permafrost in Canada's Northwest Territories. We measured pore water total Hg, MeHg, dissolved organic matter characteristics and general water chemistry parameters to evaluate the role of permafrost thaw on the pattern of water chemistry. A gradient in vegetation composition, water chemistry and dissolved organic matter characteristics followed a toposequence from the ombrotrophic bogs near the crest of the complex to poor fens at its downslope margins. We found that pore waters in poor fens contained elevated levels of MeHg, and the water draining from these features had dissolved MeHg concentrations 4.5 to 14.5 times higher than the water draining from the bogs. It was determined through analysis of historical aerial images that the poor fens in the toposequence had formed relatively recently (early 1970s) as a result of permafrost thaw. Differences between the fens and bogs are likely to be a result of their differences in groundwater function, and this suggests that permafrost thaw in this landscape can result in hotspots for Hg methylation that are hydrologically connected to downstream ecosystems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resazurin Microtiter Assay for Clarithromycin Susceptibility Testing of Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus Group
Authors: Garcia de Carvalho Natalia Fernandes , Sato Daisy Nakamura , Pavan Fernando R. , Ferrazoli Lucilaine , Chimara Erica
Published: May 2016

Background

Mycobacterium abscessus group has heterogeneous susceptibility pattern among species. The species is most common cause of nosocomial infections. Macrolides minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination is essential for the treatment.

Methods

Thirty‐six strains were randomly selected for performing Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA) for clarithromycin testing in comparison to MIC test according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2011) recommendation. REMA has been used for detection of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis. Extended incubation was performed to detect induced resistance.

Results

Thirty microliters of resazurin (0.01%) was added after visually taking MIC reading. Resistance was observed in 11.1% of M. bolletti and 4.8% of M. abscessus strains; and induced resistance was detected in 77.8% and 95.2% of M. bolletti and M. abscessus strains, respectively. All strains of M. massiliense were susceptible. The samples presented same MIC value both by visual reading and through resazurin.

Conclusion

The present study showed 100% concordance between both readings, with REMA providing easier to read and report results benefit. This change in reading can also reflect on the MIC determination and report, improving the test.
Chrysophanol Induces Apoptosis of Choriocarcinoma Through Regulation of ROS and the AKT and ERK1/2 Pathways
Authors: Lim Whasun , Yang Changwon , Bazer Fuller W. , Song Gwonhwa
Published: May 2016

Chrysophanol is an anthraquinone compound, mainly isolated from rhubarb, with anti‐cancer effects on some types of cancer cells. However, effects of chrysophanol on human choriocarcinoma cells are not known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine effects of chrysophanol on choriocarcinoma cells (JAR and JEG‐3) and identify signal transduction cascades activated by chrysophanol. Results of present study, showed that chrysophanol decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis of JEG‐3, but not JAR cells, in a dose‐dependent manner. Chrysophanol also increased oxidative stress in JEG‐3 cells by inducing ROS generation followed by mitochondrial dysfunction including depolarization of mitochondrial inner membrane potential. Western blot analysis revealed that ERK1/2, P90RSK, AKT, and P70S6K were increased significantly in JEG‐3 cells by chrysophanol. Next, we investigated chrysophanol‐mediated effects on proliferation of JEG‐3 cells using pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K/AKT (LY294002) and ERK1/2 (U0126). Inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 prevented chrysophanol‐induced stimulation of proliferation of JEG‐3 cells. In addition, the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 was suppressed by LY294002 and U0126 in JEG‐3 cells treated with chrysophanol, whereas, the AKT protein was activated by pre‐treatment of JEG‐3 cells with U0126. Furthermore, we compared therapeutic effects of chrysophanol with cisplatin and paclitaxel which are conventional salvage regimens for choriocarcinoma. Our results verified that chrysophanol has synergistic effects with traditional therapy to increase apoptosis of JEG‐3 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that chrysophanol is a potential effective chometherapeutic agent for treatment of choriocarcinoma therapy, and minimizing side effects of conventional treatment regimens. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 331–339, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Synthesis and Characterization of s‐Triazine‐Cored Tripodal Structure and Its Salen/Salophen‐Bridged Fe/Cr(III) Capped Complexes
Authors: Karatas Erhan , Ucan Halil Ismet
Published: May 2016

A novel Schiff base compound was synthesized, and its complexation properties with Fe(III) and Cr(III) were investigated. Tripodal ligand was synthesized by the reaction of s‐triazine and 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde. Then a Schiff base involving 8‐hydroxyquinoline was synthesized by the reaction of 5‐aminomethyl‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (QN) and 2,4,6‐tris(p‐formylphenoxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TRIPOD) in methanol/chloroform media. The obtained Schiff base (QN-TRIPOD) was then reacted with four trinuclear Fe(III) and Cr(III) complexes including tetradentate Schiff bases N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (salenH2)/bis(salicylidene)‐o‐phenylenediamine (SalophenH2). The synthesized ligand and complexes were characterized by means of elemental analysis carrying out 1H NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Finally, metal ratios of the prepared complexes were determined by using atomic adsorption spectrometry.
Quaternary fossil fauna from the Luangwa Valley, Zambia
Authors: Bishop Laura C. , Barham Lawrence , Ditchfield Peter W. , Elton Sarah , Harcourt‐Smith William E. H. , Dawkins Peter
Published: May 2016

This paper describes a large collection of Quaternary fossil fauna from the Luangwa Rift Valley, Zambia. Stone Age artefacts have been recovered from stratified fluvial contexts, but no in situ fossil faunas have yet been recovered. We report on 500 fossil specimens collected from the surface of point bars exposed seasonally along the banks of the main Luangwa River channel. We used non‐destructive X‐ray fluorescence analysis of the fossils' chemical signatures to determine whether they derive from one or many primary contexts, and the relationship between chemical signature and state of preservation. Specimens are identified to taxon (genus) to reconstruct palaeoenvironments and biochronology. A relatively wide range of taxa is identified, including a fossil hominin talus, described here. None of the fossils is positively attributable to extinct species, except a femur of an extinct Theropithecus reported in 2003. Although no additional extinct taxa were identified, some of the remains were attributable to genera that are not currently found in this region. The results suggest that most of the assemblage derives from sediments which are Middle Pleistocene or later, and that past environments in the Luangwa Valley may have differed from the habitat availability found today.
Improved facial nerve identification during parotidectomy with fluorescently labeled peptide
Authors: Hussain Timon , Nguyen Linda T. , Whitney Michael , Hasselmann Jonathan , Nguyen Quyen T.
Published: May 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Additional intraoperative guidance could reduce the risk of iatrogenic injury during parotid gland cancer surgery. We evaluated the intraoperative use of fluorescently labeled nerve binding peptide NP41 to aid facial nerve identification and preservation during parotidectomy in an orthotopic model of murine parotid gland cancer. We also quantified the accuracy of intraoperative nerve detection for surface and buried nerves in the head and neck with NP41 versus white light (WL) alone.

Study Design

Twenty‐eight mice underwent parotid gland cancer surgeries with additional fluorescence (FL) guidance versus WL reflectance (WLR) alone. Eight mice were used for additional nerve‐imaging experiments.

Methods

Twenty‐eight parotid tumor‐bearing mice underwent parotidectomy. Eight mice underwent imaging of both sides of the face after skin removal. Postoperative assessment of facial nerve function measured by automated whisker tracking were compared between FL guidance (n = 13) versus WL alone (n=15). In eight mice, nerve to surrounding tissue contrast was measured under FL versus WLR for all nerve branches detectable in the field of view.

Results

Postoperative facial nerve function after parotid gland cancer surgery tended to be better with additional FL guidance. Fluorescent labeling significantly improved nerve to surrounding tissue contrast for both large and smaller buried nerve branches compared to WLR visualization and improved detection sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions

NP41 FL imaging significantly aids the intraoperative identification of nerve braches otherwise nearly invisible to the naked eye. Its application in a murine model of parotid gland cancer surgery tended to improve functional preservation of the facial nerve.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 126:2711–2717, 2016
CO Lasers from Lab to Fab
Authors: Held Andrew
Published: May 2016

First demonstrated over fifty years ago, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers are similar technologies that took two different paths of development. CO2 lasers are deployed extensively in a wide range of industrial applications, and their use continues to grow. In contrast, CO lasers were largely restricted to laboratory applications, primarily because it was found to be difficult to produce CO lasers which offered the same high level of reliability and lifetime as CO2 lasers.
When Ideas Serve as Benchmark
Authors: Schönleber Martin , Kogel‐Hollacher Markus
Published: May 2016

Following the specialized press in the last five years the rise of low coherence interferometry as the prime sensor technology for quality assurance, quality control and even real‐time process control in nearly all laser materials processing areas is more than remarkable. The initial idea to use this technology for just measuring the depth of the keyhole in high power laser welding was soon extended, when Precitec introduced the sensor device to laser materials processing experts which helped to exploit the full potential in many other areas than just laser welding.

At present the Precitec IDM — in‐process depth meter — is the preferred sensor when it comes to measure continuous wave, short pulsed, or even ultra short pulsed laser process ing, independent of the processed material. It is the ideal sensor technology when it comes to accurately acquire 3D topography information around the interaction zone itself, allowing for integration of pre‐ and post‐process features in the system software.
Fast 3D ultrashort echo‐time spiral projection imaging using golden‐angle: A flexible protocol for in vivo mouse imaging at high magnetic field
Authors: Castets Charles R. , Lefrançois William , Wecker Didier , Ribot Emeline J. , Trotier Aurélien J. , Thiaudière Eric , Franconi Jean‐Michel , Miraux Sylvain
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To develop a fast three‐dimensional (3D) k‐space encoding method based on spiral projection imaging (SPI) with an interleaved golden‐angle approach and to validate this novel sequence on small animal models.

Methods

A disk‐like trajectory, in which each disk contained spirals, was developed. The 3D encoding was performed by tilting the disks with a golden angle. The sharpness was first calculated at different
values. Then, the sharpness was measured on phantom using variable undersampling ratios. Finally, the sampling method was validated by whole brain time‐of‐flight angiography and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) enhanced free‐breathing liver angiography on mouse.

Results

The in vitro results demonstrated the robustness of the method for short
and high undersampling ratios. In vivo experiments showed the ability to properly detect small vessels in the brain with an acquisition time shorter than 1 min. Free‐breathing mice liver angiography showed the insensitivity of this protocol toward motions and flow artifacts, and enabled the visualization of liver motion during breathing.

Conclusions

The method implemented here allowed fast 3D k‐space sampling with a high undersampling ratio. Combining the advantages of center‐out spirals with the flexibility of the golden angle approach could have major implications for real‐time imaging. Magn Reson Med 77:1831–1840, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation affects the development of muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions in rats
Authors: Confortim Heloisa Deola , Jerônimo Leslie Cazetta , Centenaro Lígia Aline , Pinheiro Patrícia Fernanda Felipe , Matheus Selma Maria Michelin , Torrejais Marcia Miranda
Published: May 2016

Introduction: A balanced maternal diet is a determining factor in normal fetal development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation on muscle fiber and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology of rat offspring at 21 days of age. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into a control group (CG), offspring of mothers fed a normal protein diet (17%), and a restricted group (RG), offspring of mothers fed a low‐protein diet (6%). After a period of lactation, the animals were euthanized, and soleus muscles were obtained from pups for analysis. Results: The soleus muscles of the RG exhibited an increase of 133% in the number of fibers and of 79% in the amount of nuclei. Moreover, the number of NMJs was lower in the restricted group than in the CG. Conclusions: Maternal protein restriction alters the normal development of the neuromuscular system. Muscle Nerve 55: 109–115, 2017
A benchmark testing ground for integrating homology modeling and protein docking
Authors: Bohnuud Tanggis , Luo Lingqi , Wodak Shoshana J. , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J. , Weng Zhiping , Vajda Sandor , Schueler‐Furman Ora , Kozakov Dima
Published: May 2016

Protein docking procedures carry out the task of predicting the structure of a protein–protein complex starting from the known structures of the individual protein components. More often than not, however, the structure of one or both components is not known, but can be derived by homology modeling on the basis of known structures of related proteins deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Thus, the problem is to develop methods that optimally integrate homology modeling and docking with the goal of predicting the structure of a complex directly from the amino acid sequences of its component proteins. One possibility is to use the best available homology modeling and docking methods. However, the models built for the individual subunits often differ to a significant degree from the bound conformation in the complex, often much more so than the differences observed between free and bound structures of the same protein, and therefore additional conformational adjustments, both at the backbone and side chain levels need to be modeled to achieve an accurate docking prediction. In particular, even homology models of overall good accuracy frequently include localized errors that unfavorably impact docking results. The predicted reliability of the different regions in the model can also serve as a useful input for the docking calculations. Here we present a benchmark dataset that should help to explore and solve combined modeling and docking problems. This dataset comprises a subset of the experimentally solved ‘target’ complexes from the widely used Docking Benchmark from the Weng Lab (excluding antibody–antigen complexes). This subset is extended to include the structures from the PDB related to those of the individual components of each complex, and hence represent potential templates for investigating and benchmarking integrated homology modeling and docking approaches. Template sets can be dynamically customized by specifying ranges in sequence similarity and in PDB release dates, or using other filtering options, such as excluding sets of specific structures from the template list. Multiple sequence alignments, as well as structural alignments of the templates to their corresponding subunits in the target are also provided. The resource is accessible online or can be downloaded at http://cluspro.org/benchmark, and is updated on a weekly basis in synchrony with new PDB releases. Proteins 2016; 85:10–16. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identity‐based access control for pro‐active message's DTN
Authors: Sánchez‐Carmona Adrián , Robles Sergi , Borrego Carlos
Published: May 2016

Pro‐active message's delay tolerant networks (DTNs) are based on the usage of mobile code to obtain messages that contain their own routing code. This architecture allows applications to use the same network in different ways. The keystone of this type of heterogeneous network is a collection of contextual and application‐related information that it is stored in every node and accessed by the messages' routing code. Access to that information must be protected in order to make the whole architecture feasible; the operation of the network has to be secure, and attacks of information poisoning have to be avoided. We propose an identity‐based access control system for pro‐active message's DTN based on tools that are available in DTN networks, like symmetric key encryption and hashes. Our system grants confidentiality and integrity to the contextual information and solves the question of messages needing to use distributed information stored in nodes to route properly. The proof of concept of identity‐based access control in a certain kind of application demonstrates the feasibility of the proposal. The comparison between our proposal and other access control systems shows that identity‐based access control is the only system that fits well with the special characteristics of pro‐active message's DTN. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XPS study of impurities in Si‐doped AlN film
Authors: Liang F. , Chen P. , Zhao D. G. , Jiang D. S. , Zhao Z. J. , Liu Z. S. , Zhu J. J. , Yang J. , Le L. C. , Liu W. , He X.G. , Li X. J. , Li X , Liu S. T , Yang H. , Liu J. P. , Zhang L. Q. , Zhang Y. T. , Du G. T.
Published: May 2016

This paper reports an XPS study of impurities in a 100‐nm‐thick AlN film grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) under low pressure on the n‐type 6H‐SiC substrate. The Si‐doped AlN film was characterized by the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in a high vacuum system, which reveals the content distribution and chemical states of impurities along depth. The XPS analysis of AlN film before and after argon‐ion etching indicates that there always exist Ga, O and C contaminations in AlN film. Especially, O contamination on the AlN film surface is mostly introduced during the growth of AlN layer by MOCVD. Meanwhile, most of O atoms bind with Al or Ga in Al―O and Ga―O chemical states. In particular, the Ga atoms in AlN film are always in two chemical states, i.e. Ga―Ga bond and Ga―O bond, which demonstrates that the aggregation of Ga is accompanying with AlN growth. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Money secrets: How does trade secret legal protection affect firm market value? Evidence from the uniform trade secret act
Authors: Castellaneta Francesco , Conti Raffaele , Kacperczyk Aleksandra
Published: May 2016

Research summary: We investigate the impact of trade secret legal protection on firm market value in the context of acquisitions. On one hand, market value may increase because trade secret assets become better protected from rivals. On the other hand, market value may decrease because trade secret protection reduces information about the target and its competitors available to potential buyers, increasing uncertainty about its value. Buyers will discount their offers in expectation of being compensated for riskier deals. Using a sample of private equity investments in the United States, we find that trade secret protection has a positive effect in industries with high mobility of knowledge workers, but a negative effect in industries with (1) high resource–value uncertainty and (2) high poor‐investment risk.

Managerial summary: We argue that an increase in trade secret legal protection might not unequivocally benefit firm owners when selling their business. A stronger trade secret protection increases the market value of firms in industries with high workers' mobility, but it decreases the market value of firms in industries with uncertain resource value and/or high risk of poor‐acquisition investments. Based on the contingent effect of trade secret protection, companies may want to adjust their strategic decisions, including where to locate or relocate, based in part on whether they will derive benefits or suffer losses when trade secrets are better protected. Finally, our study should help policymakers understand more fully the economic impact of government policies associated with trade secrets. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.