bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rompimento das barragens de Fundão e da Mina do Córrego do Feijão em Minas Gerais, Brasil: decisões organizacionais não tomadas e lições não aprendidas
Authors: Botelho Marcos Ribeiro , Faria Mario Parreiras de , Mayr Carolina Tobias Retes , Oliveira Leandro Magno Gomes de
Published: December 2021

Resumo Introdução: rompimentos de barragens de rejeitos de mineração provocaram, em 2015, o maior desastre socioambiental e, em 2019, o maior acidente de trabalho do Brasil, ocasionando, respectivamente, a morte de 19 e 270 trabalhadores e moradores das áreas atingidas. Objetivo: identificar e discutir fatores gerenciais, de operação e de manutenção que podem contribuir para acidentes de rompimento de barragens, assim como sugerir medidas de aprimoramento de sistemas de gestão de empresas mineradoras, de políticas públicas e de normas técnicas que tratem da segurança de barragens. Métodos: ensaio com base em pesquisa documental. Foram utilizados relatórios oficiais sobre os acidentes, publicações técnicas e científicas e legislação pertinente ao tema. Resultados: fatores gerenciais, de operação, de manutenção, de engenharia e do ambiente de trabalho contribuíram para os rompimentos das barragens de Fundão e da mina do Córrego do Feijão. Discutem-se decisões gerenciais que levaram aos dois eventos e são apontadas medidas que poderiam ter evitado os acidentes. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a relevância da autonomia de técnicos e gerências na tomada de decisões, além da necessidade de alterar as normas técnicas utilizadas por empresas e os critérios de licenciamento e controle estatal de atividades que implicam grande risco ambiental e social.
Falhas de comunicação e epistemológicas limitam a abordagem da Bioética na formação e na prática em Saúde
Authors: Oliveira Edinara Lina de , Dantas Alex Galeno de Araújo , Britto Filho Claudio Orestes , Jacob Michelle Cristine Medeiros
Published: December 2021

Este artigo analisa o Ensino de Ética e Bioética (EEB) nos Programas de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (PRMS) vinculados à Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brasil. A fim de compreender o EEB em sete programas pesquisados, avaliamos sua perspectiva teórica com base nos projetos pedagógicos (PP) comparando com um currículo de referência (“Core Curriculum”, Unesco). Para avaliar o aspecto prático, desenvolvemos 11 entrevistas semiestruturadas (critério de saturação) com preceptores (as) avaliadas por análise de conteúdo (abordagem framework). Os PP analisados tinham carga horária e módulos temáticos aquém daqueles propostos no currículo referência. Os (as) preceptores (as) desconhecem o EEB como parte do currículo dos PRMS. Apontamos a qualificação da comunicação universidade e serviços e o reconhecimento das contribuições dos (as) preceptores (as) na formação dos residentes como medidas importantes para qualificar o EEB.
Validity and reliability of a depression, anxiety and stress scale in Cuban dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Villegas-Maestre Jose Daniel , Pedraza-Rodríguez Elys María , Corrales-Reyes Ibraín Enrique , Carranza-Esteban Renzo Felipe , Mamani-Benito Oscar Javier
Published: December 2021

Introduction: An indisputable consequence has to do with the psychological impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic on health professionals and students. In Cuba, these psychologicalmanifestations have scarcely been investigated, and there are no reports in the dentalundergraduate program. Objective: To analyze the evidence of validity and reliability of ascale of depression, anxiety and stress in Cuban dental students in the context of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: An instrumental and cross-sectional study was carried out,which included students of all years and Cuban universities. A documentary measurementinstrument was validated, using its main psychometric evidence. Convergent validity wasanalyzed and reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: 301students were included, of which 74.09% were women and whose ages ranged from 17 to30 years. The asymmetry and kurtosis values of all items were adequate (> ± 1.5). Theconfirmatory factorial analysis showed that the factorial structure of 21 items distributed in3 factors is satisfactory. The goodness of fit indices was satisfactory. The scale factors aredirectly and significantly related. With Cronbach's α coefficient, the scale scores wereestimated to be reliable. Conclusions: the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21)in Cuban dental students in the context of COVID-19 turned out to be valid and reliable, inaddition to allowing the evaluation of the dimensions of these three factors in this sector ofthe society.
Numerical assessment of effects of strain rate on the critical state of crushable sand
Authors: Das S.K. , Verma S.K. , Das A.
Published: December 2021

This study highlights the effects of strain rate on the critical state (CS) response of crushable sand. A set of drained triaxial tests is simulated using the discrete element method (DEM) to understand the rate effects on the stress–strain and volumetric behaviour of the granular sample. The DEM parameters are obtained by comparing the stress–strain and particle crushing behaviour of in-house experimental analysis on crushable coral sand under a slow strain rate. In DEM, the particles are subjected to varied strain rates under different initial confining pressures and initial densities to capture the rate effects on macroscopic responses until the CS. It is observed that crushing increases with an increase in confining stress. However, a higher strain rate induces relatively lower crushing and higher strength in terms of both peak stress and residual stress. It is observed that in pressure–volume space, the CS line alters with the increasing strain rate of the crushable samples, especially under high-confining conditions, whereas the effect of strain rate on CS seems to be negligible under low-confining conditions due to the absence of particle crushing.
MANEJO EMERGENTE DE HEMOTORAX
Authors: Cárdenas Reyes Alex Fernando , Gaibor Barahona Consuelo Isamar , Novillo Méndez Roque Geovanny , Calderón Reza Juan Carlos
Published: December 2021

Es muy grato manifestarles que esta obra de la literatura médica está disponible para deleite con tan solo unos cuantos capítulos se pudo hacer una síntesis de aquello que muchas veces nos toca vivir en las emergencias, en los hospitales como médicos y debemos simplemente resolver el caso clínico o quirúrgica de manera oportuna Claro está que ninguna enfermedad es como siempre, por tanto nuestro discernimiento como médicos debe ser fundamental para que en la medida de los posible se pueda hacer algo por la vida de cualquier paciente que tengamos a la mano. Aquí se ha descrito aproximadamente 3 capítulos en los cuales el 1ero nos dice la anatomía del tórax muy pero muy sintetiza para que podamos discernir de manera rápida y sencilla las estructuras anatómicas del paciente.
Vakıf-Müsadere İlişkisi Bağlamında İzzet Holo Paşa’nın Vakıfları İçin Verdiği Hukuki Mücadele
Authors: ÇAKMAK Abdullah
Published: December 2021

1896-1908 yılları arasında II. Abdülhamid’in mabeyn ikinci kâtipliğini yapan İzzet Holo Paşa, bu dönemde sultana en yakın isimler arasındaydı. Anne ve babasından kalan mirasa görevi esnasında kazandığı mal-mülk de eklenince büyük bir servet sahibi oldu. Şam’ın seçkin ailelerinden Muradilere mensup Behiye Hanım ile yaptığı evlilik, aile içindeki servetin artmasını sağladı. İzzet Holo Paşa ve ailesine ait Suriye vilâyetinde tarla, bağ, bahçe, mezra ve kavaklık gibi miri arazinin yanı sıra ev, dükkân, değirmen ve ahır gibi mülkler de bulunmaktaydı. 1904’te kurdukları ilk vakıfta tasarruf ettikleri miri arazileri akar olarak tahsis etmeyen aile, yaklaşık iki sene sonra tüm emlak ve emvalini vakıflarına tahsis ettiler. Ancak II. Meşrutiyetin ilanı esnasında İzzet Holo Paşa’nın Avrupa’ya firar etmesi vakıf mallarının hacz/müsadere edilmesine neden oldu. Bunun ardından İzzet Holo Paşa ve ailesi vakıflarını hacizden kurtarmak için hukuki mücadeleye giriştiler ve vakfiye şartlarını değiştirmek koşuluyla bu hedeflerine ulaşabildiler.
MAPPING OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF THE OUTLIER FOREST-STEPPE BASED ON GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH
Authors:   North Kazakhstan University named after M. Kozybayev, Pashkov Sergey V. , Mazhitova Gulnur Z. ,   North Kazakhstan University named after M. Kozybayev, Teslenok Sergey A. ,   National Research Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogarev
Published: December 2021

The search for new mechanisms of crop growing modernization was initiated by post-Soviet change of the socio-economic formation, rejection of the virgin-land holistic principle of organizing agriculture with its wheat invariant, as well as transition from the extensive zonal system to adaptive landscape and precision agriculture. Above all, this refers to agricultural landscapes of the forest steppe zone of North Kazakhstan, which is the oldest region of the country’s dryland farming. The article deals with a relevant direction of agrolandscape research – geoinformation agrolandscape mapping with the use of aerial photography materials from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The aim of the work is to prepare optimal cartographic support for effective agricultural production in light of agricultural intensification in the region and depletion of natural fertility resources. Modern methods of geoinformation agrolandscape mapping have been used, their effectiveness is shown through the example of key areas. The features of the landscape structure of outlier forest steppe agrolandscapes have been identified with the help of utilitarian agroecological typology of land; the types of basic geoinformation cartographic materials to be used in precision agriculture have been defined. We consider it possible for the agrolandscape mapping experience to be extended to other farms of the region, which would ensure productive agricultural management.
RESEARCH ON SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF LANDSCAPES OF THE URALS UNDER THE FUNCTIONAL-DYNAMIC APPROACH: THE HISTORY AND THE PRESENT
Authors:   Ural State Pedagogical University, Guryevskikh Olga Yu. , Ivanova Uliya R. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University, Skok Nataliya V. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University, Yurovskikh Anastasiya M. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University, Yantser Oksana V. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the results of phenological studies of the Urals carried out under the functional-dynamic approach to the consideration of the region’s spatial-temporal structure. The authors analyze the history of phenological research in the Urals conducted under the charge of V.A. Batmanov. The article considers the phenological network in the historical aspect from the late 19th century to the modern period. The authors analyzed the schemes of physicogeographical zoning of the Urals and established the hierarchical level of natural complexes that reflect the territory’s specificity and serve as a basis for geographical referencing of the regional phenological network. The study provides results of systematization and digital processing of multi-year archival data of the Russian Geographical Society, fund materials and expeditionary research in the 20th–21st centuries. Structural and spatial analysis of the phenological network conducted for the landscape provinces of the Northern, Middle and Southern Urals allowed us to identify its specificity, which is expressed in ramification, but also unevenness and inconsistency with the landscape diversity of the region. Quantitative analysis and modelling of the phenological network make it possible to develop recommendations for its expansion, including through optimization by a more complete inclusion of the environmental fund. The completeness and geographical representativeness of the phenological network will allow optimizing the monitoring of the landscapes and climate dynamics, which is important for the development of fundamental science and for applied problems related to the long-term sustainable development of the region.
Challenges to Anti-Monopoly Regulation of Russian Media Market
Authors: Smirnov Sergey
Published: December 2021

Under the increasing digitalization of media industry, a new economic phenomenon has emerged in the Russian Federation: the so-called digital monopolies. Diversified online companies are developing rapidly and extend the influence of their ecosystems to the whole national media market. The key economic resource of media business, advertising revenues, is distributed increasingly unevenly. An explosive growth of new leaders has already resulted in an unprecedented economic concentration and opened up opportunities for the largest players to abuse their dominant position, which definitely threatens all the other players in the industry. In this context, the issue of legal restrictions on monopolism and protection of free competition in the country's media market has become particularly relevant.
The paper examines all the regulatory legal acts in force representing both sector-specific and general anti-monopoly legislation in Russia. It also studied a number of current economic indicators of the whole industry and the most significant media enterprises. We identified some key shortcomings and ambiguous legal provisions hampering the work of the state regulatory body. The author concluded that at the moment the Russian legal field is far from being adjusted to regulating monopolization in the media market. The formal attribution of players to the industry or its segment, the evaluation of their combined market share and the composition of commodity services they offer is a big challenge nowadays. To be able to exercise adequate control over the largest Russian media companies, one has to elaborate totally new approaches and norms taking into account specific characteristics of this industry as an object of regulation.
Philadelphia, Gruzino, Orenburg: on the Issue of Periodization of the Journal Activity of P. Svinyin
Authors: Savelzon Igor
Published: December 2021

The system of principles and techniques of publicistic creativity of P.P. Svinin was influenced by his life events. While still in the diplomatic service in America and Europe (1806–1814), he understood the prospects of the mission of a mediator in intercultural dialogue between them and Russia, and launched a career of cultural and educational journalist. Upon his to Russia he actively participated in intercultural dialogue between Russia and the West. Later Svinin engaged in equally productive but more originally found intracultural dialogue — between Russia and the Russian reader. Regions, events, people of Russia filled the pages of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski for a whole decade. Repeated attempts to find, according to local traditions an influential patron for himself and the magazine failed, and Svinin turned to the support and protection of the "collective patron", perceiving it as a part the national-sovereign consciousness of the government supervised layers of society.
P. Svinin chose the techniques so precisely that the genre, themes and style of Otechestvennye zapiski between 1820 and 1830 remained intact. The travel essay, the travelogue, developed to perfection was widely used to increase magazine’ popularity. Although vivid but inaccurate details used into the text as a result of an error or deliberate deception of the reader did a disservice to the magazine.
The research focuses primarily on three of his essays, characteristic of three periods of Svin-in's journalism: Observations of a Russian in America (1812) — a foreign period, A Trip to Gruzino (1818) — a search for a genre niche in Russian journalism and "Painting of Orenburg and its environs" (op. 1828) — a period of maturity. An analysis of their style revealed the essential unity of Svinin's journalistic style in all three periods.
Nature of Mass Communication and Media Construction of Fears
Authors: Barinov Dmitry
Published: December 2021

The research examined correlation between essential characteristics of mass communication, caused by its nature, and origin, and spread of fears and anxieties in society. We analyzed the role of such essential components of mass communication as subjects of mass communication, features of mass information, its production and distribution, media news in causing fears and anxieties. Academic works covering the problems of mass communications were theoretical-methodological basis of research. Results of the leading state sociological services’ surveys and regional researches were used as empirical basis for research. We used comparative analysis and secondary data analysis. The study also looked at the roles of mass media's founder and journalist in the development of audience’s fears. The study highlighted that the journalist’s perception of an audience, the idea of social mission of journalism, audience's attitude towards journalistic activity transformed under the influence of commercialization of all aspects of social life in the post-Soviet Russia and it played a crucial role in emergence of anxieties and fears. The study analyzed the impact of information entropy on generation and circulation of population's fears. We found that, on the one hand, media become means of stabilizing public attitudes in crisis situations, and, on the other hand, controversial image of social reality created by media produces state of confusion and provokes growth of population's anxieties and fears. Analysis of the news' role in creating fears and anxieties is based on the idea of their non-normativity that deroutinize everyday reality, which may also happen due to creating a show of catastrophic events by the media.
La importancia de la educación ambiental crítica desde el punto de vista de las comunidades locales en la Amazonia
Authors: Costa Aelton Dias , Santos Jorge Sales dos , Oliveira Rita Denize de , Silva José Augusto Lopes da
Published: December 2021

La cuestión ambiental en el contexto geopolítico mundial adquiere diversas connotaciones desde el discurso del desarrollo sostenible, en este caso, corroborando procesos de contradicciones sociales desde la ineficacia de la praxis de estas políticas. El papel de las poblaciones locales cobra importancia a partir de las prácticas espaciales presentes en el contexto amazónico, destacando las especificidades locales, la educación ambiental crítica emerge como pieza clave para interconectar las prácticas locales y la geopolítica global en el sentido del discurso del desarrollo sostenible. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las prácticas sostenibles en la Amazonía a partir de la educación ambiental crítica y su base con las prácticas locales sostenibles en la comunidad extractiva de São João da Ponta en el estado de Pará. Para la realización de esta investigación se establecieron algunas prácticas metodológicas como el relevamiento bibliográfico, siguiendo la delimitación de las prácticas pedagógicas que pretenden proporcionar una mejor identificación de los procesos culturales a partir de los saberes locales en la Amazonía. Las prácticas sostenibles desde la perspectiva de las comunidades locales corroboran con el desarrollo sostenible desde el saber y el hacer que establecen una conciencia ambiental, más allá de un discurso centrado en el desarrollo económico establecido desde la segunda guerra mundial.
Analyses of the Document Formation Process of a Lecturer in a Digital Environment
Authors: KAYA Sema Nur , TAPAN BROUTIN Menekşe Seden , EZENTAŞ Ridvan
Published: December 2021

In this research, it is aimed to examine the schemes that emerged during the documentation formation process and the factors affecting the process in the context of a lecturer's "Documentational Approach to Didactics" theoretical framework. For this purpose, a case study, one of the qualitative research methods, was preferred in the study. Linear algebra courses teaching plan, course video recordings, clinical interviews and schematic representation of the resource system were used as data collection tools. The research participant is a lecturer who teaches linear algebra at the Faculty of Education of a state university in the Marmara Region. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Elements related to the schemes that emerged in the process of creating documents as a result of the study have been determined as the fact that the achievements of the linear algebra curriculum are applied in a different order, the language of the selected resources is simple, the lessons are in the form of definition-theorem-example solution-quiz, the lecturer creates his/her own examples on the subject, the digital media resource is Google Meet, the resources and videos are shared in the classroom. In addition, it was concluded that the factors affecting the documentation creation process of the lecturer were grouped under four themes: student-based, faculty-based, mathematical concepts, and teaching environment.
Dokuzuncu Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Cebirsel Kesirleri İçeren Denklemler Bağlamında İşlem Esnekliklerinin Gelişiminin İncelenmesi
Authors: TAŞTEPE Mehtap , YANIK Doç. Dr. Bahadır
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı 9. sınıf öğrencilerinin cebirsel kesirli ifadeleri içeren denklemler bağlamında işlem esnekliklerinin gelişiminin incelenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda işlem esnekliği kavramı ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın yöntemini nitel araştırma yaklaşımları arasında ele alınan “öğretim deneyi” modeli oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca bunu desteklemek için “klinik görüşmeler” ve “doküman incelemesi” yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını dört dokuzuncu sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların işlem esnekliklerini geliştirmek amacıyla kısmi çözümlü örnekler kullanılmış ve nedenini belirtmek koşuluyla çözümler arasında tercihlerde bulunmaları istenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler (video kayıtları, alan notları ve uygulama kâğıtları) betimsel ve içerik çözümlemesine tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgular kısmi çözümlü örneklerin ve çözüm tercihlerinin katılımcıların işlem esnekliklerini olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca uygulamadan yaklaşık 3 ay sonra gerçekleştirilen kalıcılık klinik görüşme sonuçları bu etkinin kısmi bir azalma olmakla birlikte kalıcı olduğunu göstermektedir.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Urease Inhibition of 4-Bromo-N’-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide and Its Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex
Authors: Zhao Hui , Liu Xiu-Rui , Wang Xue , Hu Jing , Cai Ya-Jun , Peng Qi-An
Published: December 2021

A new dinuclear copper(II) complex [Cu2(μ-Br)2L2] · 0.5 MeOH with the benzohydrazone ligand 4-bromo-N’-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide (HL) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic studies. Single crystal structures of the complex and the benzohydrazone compound were studied. The Cu atoms in the complex are coordinated by two benzohydrazone ligands and two Br bridging groups, forming square pyramidal coordination. The complex has good inhibitory activity on Jack bean urease, with IC50 value of 1.38 μmol L-1.
Experimental Studies on the Removal of Aluminium Ions from Synthetic Aqueous Solution by Hydroxyapatites
Authors: Humelnicu Doina , Zinicovscaia Inga , Humelnicu Ionel , Ignat Maria
Published: December 2021

In this work we have presented the results obtained in the adsorption behavior of hydroxyapatite with different treatment towards aluminium ions from synthetic wastewaters. Experiments were performed in batch technique at different pH values, temperatures, sorbent dosage, contact time and initial aluminium concentration. The thermodynamic studies on the adsorption process of aluminium onto hydroxyapatite indicated that the process is spontaneous and endothermic. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Flory-Huggins, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin equilibrium models were applied to the description of experimental data. The adsorption of aluminium follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The kinetics of adsorption was evaluated using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The rate of aluminium adsorption was successfully described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The obtained results indicated that hydroxyapatite treated with Pluronic P123 surfactant has a higher sorption capacity toward aluminium ions (117.65 mg g−1) than hydroxyapatite treated with Pluronic F127 surfactant (109.89 mg g−1) while untreated hydroxyapatite exhibited the lowest one (104.17 mg g−1).
BİZANS SANATINDA RHİPİDİON (FLABELLUM) VE GEÇ BİZANS DÖNEMİ (13.-15. YÜZYIL) DUVAR RESİMLERİNDE GÖRÜLEN ÖRNEKLER
Authors: GUR Durmus , KARAKOK Cahit
Published: December 2021

Araştırmanın konusunu, Hıristiyan liturjisinde büyük öneme sahip olan rhipidionların (=rhipidia/liturjik yelpaze), geç Bizans dönemi (13.-15. yüzyıl) duvar resimlerinde görülen örnekleri oluşturmaktadır. Rhipidion hakkında ilk yazılı bilgiler, Aziz Clementine’nin metinlerinde (4. yüzyıl sonu) yer almaktadır. 4. yüzyıldan 5. yüzyıla kadar Suriye’deki eski kilise kararnamelerinden derlenen Apostolik Anayasalar’da, rhipidionların liturjideki önemi hakkında bilgilere yer verilmiştir. 500’lerde bir liturji ayini sırasında, sunağın iki yanında sembolik altı kanatlı temsili kıyafetler giyen diyakonların ellerinde rhipidionların bulunduğu, Pseudo Dionysos’un Ecclesiastica Hierarchica’sında anlatılmaktadır. 6. yüzyılın başına tarihlendirilen bir diptikonda da hakkında bilgiler yer alan rhipidionların ilk defa kumaş, deri, ahşap, tavus kuşu tüyü, parşömen ve keten gibi çeşitli malzemelerden yapıldığı bilinmektedir. İlk kullanıldığında liturjik eşyalardan (artos, kalis, haç, kutsal kitap) böcek ve tozları uzaklaştırmaya yarayan rhipidionlar sonrasında liturjinin parçası haline gelmiştir. Daha sağlam olması için madeni örneklerden yapılan rhipidionlar, geç Bizans dönemine kadar liturjinin parçası olarak kullanılmış, günümüzde de kiliselerde kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Liturjide bir elinde rhipidion diğer elinde ise buhurdan tutan din adamları dışında ellerinde rhipidion taşıyan melek-diyakonlar, ayinde ön sıralarda yer almaktadır. Tek başına yer alabildiği gibi birden fazla rhipidionun da ayinde bulunabileceği tespit edilen örneklerle kanıtlanmıştır. Din adamları rhipidionları, uzun metal ya da ahşap saplar yardımıyla ayine katılanların görebilmesi amacıyla yukarıda tutmaktadır. Bir yüzünde sembolik figürlerin yer alabildiği gibi iki yüzünde de betimlenen sembolik tasvirler (haç, kherub, seraph) ile yazıtlar, rhipidionların üslup ve ikonografik zenginliğini gösterir. Erken Bizans dönemine ait Riha ve Stuma hazinelerindeki (6. yüzyıl) metal rhipidionlarla benzer form ve özellikte rhipidionların geç Bizans dönemine kadar kullanıldığı, günümüz de kullanılmaya devam ettiği belirlenmiştir. Erken Bizans döneminden geç Bizans dönemine kadar liturjik eserlerin dışında minyatür, ikona ve duvar resimlerinde tasvir edilen rhipidionların, 11. yüzyıla tarihlendirilen duvar resimlerinde kullanılmış örneklerinin tespit edilmesi üzerine, 13.-15. yüzyıl arasına tarihlendirilen kilise duvar resimlerindeki tasvirleri kronolojik olarak incelenmiş, form, üslup ve ikonografik özellikleri açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Manifestations of spatial injustice and institutional practices (re)producing them
Authors: Vincze Enikő
Published: December 2021

To address the manifestations of spatial injustices as illustrations of territorial underdevelopment, I utilize the divergent development framework that emphasizes the centrality of the state to development outcomes. By highlighting institutional practices, I stress the contribution of both the top-down and bottom-up agencies in making andpreserving some spaces in a deprived condition despite the agencies' declarative aim of offering solutions to reduce deprivations.
Based on the RELOCAL research material, the ultimate aim of the article is to make a theoretical contribution to the interpretation of territorial underdevelopment as the result of a neoliberal spatial planning regime. After discussing its conceptual frameworks(in section 1), the article presents the brief historical summary of territorial inequalities in Romania (section 2) and the national territorial development policies (section 3). Afterwards, it examines some manifestations of territorial unevenness at the local level (section 4) and the local actions tackling spatial injustice (section 5).
SMALL ENTERPRISE IN UKRAINE: ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES AND OBSTACLES FOR DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   National University of Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Yurchik G.
Published: December 2021

The article substantiates an important factor in the socio-economic development of the state is the development of the business sector in general and small businesses in particular. This highlights the need to study the socio-economic preconditions and the state of formation and realization of the potential of small business in Ukraine. The article analyzes the quantitative indicators of small businesses (including those compared to the EU). According to the results of generalizing various surveys and monitoring, the main barriers to doing business in Ukraine are the low purchasing power of citizens, restrictive measures in connection with the pandemic, fiscal pressure, as well as pressure from government agencies, and corruption. It is established that according to the SME policy index, Ukraine, despite some improvement in the environment for the business sector, still has less favorable conditions for business activity compared to the Eastern Partnership countries. Based on the analysis of Ukraine’s rating positions according to a number of indices, it has been established that our state demonstrates the most unfavorable conditions for the development of small businesses according to the index of perception of corruption and economic freedom. Among the trends that indicate the improvement of conditions for the formation and realization of the potential of small business in Ukraine is the increase of Ukraine’s rating position on the indices of ease of doing business and ease of paying taxes. It is proved that the conditions of small business lending in Ukraine, although showing some improvement, still remain unfavorable and hinder the development of small businesses. An important tool for the formation and realization of the potential of small business is its grant support, the most important partner in providing which for Ukraine in the EU. It is proved that Ukraine has a well-developed infrastructure to support small businesses, but the formality of its operation is quite common. According to the criterion of compliance with the principle of predictability in regulatory activities, most government agencies show a fairly low level of predictability, which is a deterrent to business development, as it increases the uncertainty of the business environment. It is proved that despite the presence of a number of problems and deterrents for small business development, Ukraine has a significant number of strengths and opportunities for the formation, development, and realization of small business potential.
DEFINITIVE ANALYSIS OF INSTITUTIONAL IMPERATIVES OF SOCIAL LABOR RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Nazarov N.K.
Published: December 2021

A definitive analysis of the essence of the concepts "imperative", "institution" and as well the identification of their key features of use and delineation of their clear boundaries, determined the essence of institutional imperatives. It is proved that institutional imperatives are obligatory, objectively determined principles of activity of institutions of social and labor sphere concerning its development, which reflects the interests of all subjects of social and labor relations. The imperatives are based on important patterns of formation and functioning of social development. It is substantiated that modern laws of global development form a "new normality" as an environment of transformational processes in the field of social and labor relations. Demographic processes have an extremely important influence: determining the number and dynamics of changes in human resources and labor mobility; globalization trends associated with the rapid development of the global information network, the processes of digitalization of public life, reducing the role of government in managing the national economy in general and social and labor relations in particular. Regularities and imperatives of development of social and labor relations in modern conditions and with definition of exogenous imperatives (global technical and economic innovations or administrative and organizational innovations) and endogenous imperatives (accumulation of human capital and development of human potential) are systematized. It is the concentration of attention on the study of institutional imperatives of modern social and labor relations that allows to determine the directions of development and causes of contradictions, their quantitative and qualitative manifestations and to identify positive and negative consequences of social tension in society.
ÇEVRİMSEL ÖN YÜKLEMENİN POLİPROPİLEN’İN GEVŞEME DAVRANIŞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: DÜŞÜNCELİ Necmi , ÖZENSOY Önder Çağdaş
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, oda sıcaklığında izotaktik polipropilen üzerinde yükleme-boşaltma ve yeniden yükleme sonrası yapılan gevşeme testlerine dair gözlemler rapor edilmiştir. Deneysel veriler, gevşeme testinin başlangıcında maksimum gerilme ve başlangıç gerilmesi arasındaki farkın artmasıyla birlikte gevşeme eğrilerinin şekillerinde belirgin değişiklikler olduğunu göstermiştir. Testin başlangıcında gerilme geleneksel gevşemeden farklı olarak önce artıp sonra monoton olarak azalmaktadır. Basit gevşemeden karma gevşemeye geçişte ön yüklemenin etkisini araştırmak için farklı çevrim sayısı ve gerilme seviyelerinde testler gerçekleştirilmiştir.
NEHİRLERDEKİ KATI MADDE MİKTARININ BULANIK SMGRT YÖNTEMİ İLE TAHMİNİ
Authors: DAYAN Feyzullah , DEMİRCİ Mustafa , ÜNEŞ Fatih , TAŞAR Bestami
Published: December 2021

Nehirlerdeki katı madde miktarının doğru tahmin edilmesi; kirliliğin belirlenmesi, akarsu taşımacılığı, baraj ömrünün tespiti, çalışmalarında vb. konularda oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon (ÇDR) Bulanık Mantık- Simple Membership Functions and Fuzzy Rules Generation Technique ( SMRGT) yöntemleri kullanılarak akarsudaki katı madde tahmini yapılmıştır. Katı madde tahmini için Catonsville yakınında 01589025 nolu Patapsco Nehri bulunan katı madde (sediment) gözlem istasyonuna ait 2015-2018 yılları arasında bulunan akım verileri, girdi parametresi olarak kullanılarak, bulanık mantık modelleri geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen bulanık mantık modelleri USGS tarafından işletilen istasyonun günlük gerçek zamanlı debi, bulanıklık ve katı malzeme konsantrasyon verileri oluşturulmuştur. Model sonuçları , ÇDR ve gözlem sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulanık mantık modellerinin gözlem sonuçları ile uyumlu sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bulanık Mantık, Katı Madde, SMRGT, Modelleme, Regresyon
YUMURTA KABUĞUNUN ODUN PLASTİK KOMPOZİT ÜRETİMİNDE KULLANIMI
Authors: ÖZĞAN Ali Osman , ÖZDEMİR Ferhat
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı odun plastik kompozit (OPK) üretiminde dolgu maddesi olarak yumurta kabuğu kullanımının etkisi belirlemek olacaktır. OPK üretiminde polipropilen, kızılçam odun unu, yumurta kabuğu ve Maleik Anhidrit Polipropilen (MAPP) kullanılmıştır. Tek vidalı ekstruder kullanılarak elde edilen karışımdan enjeksiyon kalıplama yöntemi ile test numuneleri üretilmiştir.

Numunelerin fiziksel (kalınlık şişme, su alma) ve bazı mekanik özellikleri (eğilme direnci, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü ve darbe direnci) incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre yumurta kabuğu kullanımına bağlı olarak kompozitlerin fiziksel özelliklerinin olumsuz etkilendiği tespit edilirken, mekanik özelliklerde ise yapılan testlere göre bu durumun farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
ELEKTRİK DİRENÇ KAYNAĞI PROSES PARAMETRELERİNİN ÇEKME DAYANIMI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN NÜMERİK OLARAK İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DOĞAN Oğuz , UZAY Çağrı , KAMER Muhammed Safa
Published: December 2021

Kaynak prosesi başta otomotiv sektörü olmak üzere, endüstride çelik saçların birleştirilmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Elektrik direnç kaynağı diğer kaynak yöntemlerine göre kolay uygulanabilirlik, otomasyona uygunluk, dolgu metali gerektirmemesi vb. avantajlar gibi bir çok avantaja sahiptir. Elektrik direnç kaynağı uzun yıllardır bilinen bir işlem olmasına rağmen otomotiv endüstrisinde çok fazla kullanıldığı için üzerinde en çok çalışılan kaynak yöntemlerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada, elektrik direnç kaynağı proses parametrelerinin çekme dayanımı üzerine olan etkisi sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Akım, sıkıştırma kuvveti ve kaynak süresi parametreleri değişken olarak ele alınmıştır. Dokuz farklı sonlu elemanlar kaynak analizi sonucunda elde edilen birleştirilmiş sac parçalar çekme analizine girdi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen kaynak ve çekme analizleri sonucunda maksimum punta çapı ve çekme kuvvet değerleri çıktı olarak ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen çıktılar varyans analizi (ANOVA) tabi tutularak hangi parametrenin çekme dayanımı üzerine daha etkili olduğu araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, akım ve zamanın artması ile çekme mukavemet değerlerinin arttığı, sıkıştırma kuvvetinin artması ile mukavemetin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma ayrıca, sonuçların minimum hata ile yaklaşık olarak tahmin edilebildiği ampirik denklemler de önermektedir.
Pore structures and reservoir characteristics of volcanic rocks in the Carboniferous Batamayineishan Formation in Shuangjingzi area, eastern Junggar Basin
Authors: Ali Masab , Weihua Bian , Kaikai Yang , Khan Panni Muhammad Sabeh
Published: December 2021

Junggar Basin is one of the largest sedimentary basins in Northwest China. Carboniferous oil and gas fields have been found in different areas in the eastern part of the Junggar Basin on a large scale, indicating that the Carboniferous rocks of the Junggar Basin have a huge potential for oil and gas exploration. This study focuses on the Batamayineishan Formation in the eastern part of the Junggar Basin, which contains volcanic rocks and pyroclastic rocks, aiming to investigate the reservoir characteristics and to identify the formation mechanism of the rocks of this formation. The majority of the existent reservoir space in the volcanic rocks of the Batamayineishan Formation is dominated by secondary pores and fractures. Using the methods of petrography, pressure-controlled mercury injection (PMI), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), the reservoir characteristics and diagenetic history of the volcanic rocks of the Batamayineishan Formation in the Shuangjingzi area were studied. A theoretical framework is established to provide favorable guidance for exploring Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the Junggar Basin. The results of mercury injection indicate that the average pore throat radius and porosity of the volcanic rocks are 0.068 µm and 6.62%, respectively. Permeability remains stable and does not show a significant change with an increase in porosity. Despite the high porosity, the permeability is relatively low, reflecting isolated and non-connected primary pores. The average value of permeability is relatively low (0.424×10-3 µm2), which typically suggests narrow micro-throats. Primary gas pores fill and develop amygdales on a large scale. In addition, the dissolution pores developed by dissolution and alteration also compensated for the decrease in the original gas pore volume.
Simulation of aquifer remediation from low-permeable lenses by back-diffusion phenomenon
Authors: Tafti Mojtaba Dehqani , Ardejani Faramarz Doulati , Marji Mohammad Fatehi , Shiri Yousef
Published: December 2021

Fluid flow in a dual permeable medium (DPM) is essential in solute transport in mining and aquifer studies. In this paper, water flushing into a contaminated DPM containing fine-grained lenses with different geometries was investigated with the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The LBM model used in this study was D2Q9 with a relaxation time of 1, a cohesion value of 3 for a fluid density of 1 (mu.Lu-3). The saturated fluid in the DPM was a contaminant that usually stays in low permeable lenses and after flushing, it is leaked into the porous medium by a second fluid (water). This phenomenon is predominant when the displacing fluid has a lower concentration than the contaminated fluid. Diffusion and advection are the main mechanisms that control fluid flow in the porous medium. The results of the simulations showed: (1) advection controlled solute transport through the flushing phase, and back-diffusion occurred after the change in phase; (2) the lenses’ geometry influenced the fluid flow pattern and the remediation process. As a result, aquifer remediation strategies based on the lenses’ geometry and their permeability can help us select the appropriate environmental protection.
A Registration Space of the Kingdom of Spain: The Sector of the Acts of Civil Status
Authors: Trofimets I. A.
Published: December 2021

A registration space of the Kingdom of Spain that covers the legal statuses of subjects and the legal  regimes of objects, is represented by three zones: international, public and private. The state registration area can be contingently divided into four sectors: Civil Status Registry Office, Notary, commercial and fiscal sectors. The  author chooses the civil status registry office sector as a subject of research, since she believes that the registration  of acts of civil status that determines the legal status of persons, identifies and individualizes participants in legal  relations, is of primary importance in the registration space. Thus, the record of the birth of a child is the beginning  of his social life (not biological). It is the record of the birth of a child that generates a stable political and legal  relation with the state expressed in the acquisition of citizenship and it confirms the chil’s legal capacity. The author  believes that the study of foreign experience of legal regulation, especially in modern conditions of digitalization,  contributes to the improvement of their own legislation.
Law of Common Ownership in Connection with the Development of the Economy of the Collective Use of Goods and Services
Authors: Ayusheeva I. Z.
Published: December 2021

It becomes urgent to resolve the issue of developing the institution of law of common ownership,  as well as property law in general, regarding the fact that property law needs reforming that has not yet been  implemented, due to the emergence, in the context of digitalization, of the economy of collective use of various  goods (sharing, the economy of shared consumption), changes in the culture of consumption and the fact that not  in all cases the acquisition of goods on the basis of sole ownership is economically justified. Users’ communities,  whose members jointly acquire objects for their collective use, including objects in common ownership, can be  considered as one of the forms of sharing. Peculiarities of exercising the right to common ownership in relation  to property in the context of a sharing economy make it possible to talk about the possibility of separating an  independent type of common property along with shared and joint property (for example, collective common  property) or distinguishing a variety of common shared property—by analogy with the right of ownership to the  common property of an apartment building. The peculiarities of the implementation of this type of common  property can be enshrined in civil legislation.
Withdrawal from Negotiations as the Basis for Pre-Contractual Liability under Russian and Foreign Law
Authors: Chistyakov P. D.
Published: December 2021

The paper analyzes the criteria for unfair termination of negotiations as a basis for pre-contractual liability.  There are 3 components of unfair interruption of negotiations: 1) entry into negotiations without the intent to conclude an agreement and their subsequent interruption; 2) arbitrary termination of negotiations if the counterparty  has confidence in the conclusion of the contract; 3) untimely notification of the counterparty about withdrawing  from the negotiation process. The author analizes the criteria for unfair breakdown of negotiations. They include  the following: the counterparty has reasonable confidence in the conclusion of the contract and the absence of a  valid reason for terminating business contacts. These criteria are relevant only for the second composition of the  elements of unfair termination of negotiations. To be held liable for entering into negotiations without intending to  conclude an agreement and for the subsequent withdrawal from them, it is not required to establish such criteria, and  in case of untimely notification of the severance of business contacts, it is necessary to establish only one criterion,  namely, the counterparty can reasonably believe in conclusion of the agreement. As a general rule, participants in  pre-contractual relations have the right to conduct parallel negotiations with other persons. This possibility may be  limited by entering into an exclusivity agreement. At the same time, in some cases, entering into parallel negotiations  can be qualified as unfair behavior even without the conclusion of such an agreement.
On Legal Basis of a Claim
Authors: Ivakin V. N.
Published: December 2021

The science of civil procedural law advances an opinion that it is necessary to distinguish between the  factual and legal basis of a claim. The latter needs to be singled out, since the specific claim always results from a  specific legal relationship, from the subjective right of the plaintiff to be protected. The main argument, according to  A. A. Dobrovolskiy, is not the presence of the relevant norm in the law but its practical necessity to recognize these  legal grounds as an integral part of a claim. However, the author here confuses two different issues: the expediency  and the obligatory existence of a legal basis for the claim, although in fact these are far from identical concepts.  The author also wrongfully identifies the concepts of "basis of a claim" and "basis of satisfaction of a claim", as  a result of which the legal basis of a claim is always included in the basis of a claim. This position is supported by  some other scientists who dealt with the problems of the claim (G. L. Osokina, O. V. Isaenkova). Meanwhile, if we  consider a claim as a legal phenomenon in general, then the legal basis is indeed a necessary component of the  general concept of “the basis of a claim”. However, if we turn to specific claims, then the legal basis of the claim  can be either optional (Code of Civil Procedure of the RSFSR 1964) or mandatory (Code of Civil Procedure of the  Russian Federation 2002). Currently, in accordance with paragraph 4, Part 2 of Art. 131 of the Civil Procedural Code  of the Russian Federation, the statement of claim must indicate what constitutes the violation or threat of violation  of the rights, freedoms or legitimate interests of the plaintiff. The paper draws attention to the shortcomings of  this norm, and thus suggests to remove it from the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. At the end of  the paper, it is suggested that with the development of civil procedural legislation, reference to the norms of law  in a statement of claim will become mandatory. However, the recognition by V. V. Yarkov of this provision as valid  by virtue of imposing the burden of proof on the parties seems to be unreasoned.