bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro investigation of the photo-induced activity of positively charged phthalocyanines
Authors: Plyutinskaya A D , Yakubovskaya R I , Luk\"yanets E A , Negrimovskiy V M , Chissov V I , Plyutinskaya A D , Yakubovskaya R I , Lukyanets E A , Negrimovsky V M , Chissov V I
Published: December 2023

The photo-induced antitumor activity of water-soluble derivatives of metal-free phthalocyanine and its metallic complexes (Zn, Al), which contained positively charged ionogenic groups as substituents, was investigated. Cationic photosensitizers were shown to rapidly penetrate into tumor cells and to effectively accumulate in them; their phototoxicity depended on the structure of side substituents, the nature of the central atom, the incubation time of photosensitizers to radiation, and the type of tumor cells. The highest activity was found in the choline derivative of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcCho18): the 50 inhibitory concentration was 0.30±0.08 μM for HEp2 cell cultures, 0.48±0.09 μM for A549, 1.07±0.12 μM, for T24, and 2±0.13 μM for HT29.
Otsenka perenosimosti endolimfaticheskoy i sistemnoy khimioterapii v kombinirovannom lechenii rezektabel'nogo raka zheludka
Authors: Slugarev V V , Gamayunov S V , Terent'ev I G , Denisenko A N
Published: December 2023

Treatment for gastric cancer remains to be an unsolved problem of modern oncology. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the safety and tolerance of multimodality treatment for operable gastric cancer with endolymphatic chemotherapy being supplemented in the early postoperative period, and systemic multidrug therapy. The authors conclude that combination drug treatment is accompanied by few local and systemic complications; endolymphatic polychemotherapy does not increase the frequency and severity of postoperative complications. Complex therapy performed by the chosen demonstrated safety and a good tolerability.
Prognostic value of lymphogenic micrometastases in gastric cancer
Authors: Borovskaya T F , Zenyukov A S , Nikulin M P , Kurpas E Kh , Zenyukova T V , Stilidi I S , Borovskaya T F , Zenyukov A S , Nikulin M P , Kurpas E Kh , Zenyukova T V , Stilidi I S
Published: December 2023

Lymph node metastasis-negative (N0) cases were immunohistochemically studied on paraffin-embedded tissue sections with antibodies against epidermal cytokeratin components, such as Keratin, Pan Ab-1 (Clone AE1/AE3). Micrometastases were found in 18.8% of lymph nodes N0 cases (109/580). There was a reduction in relapse-free survival in patients with lymphogenic micrometastases (p = 0.17).
Dlitel'nyy bezretsidivnyy period u bol'nogo s metastazom raka legkogo v golovnom mozge posle kombinirovannogo lecheniya
Authors: Reshetov I V , Zaytsev A M , Kurzhupov M I
Published: December 2023

In patients with intracerebral metastases on combination therapy, median survival is now not more than 14 months, as shown by the data available in the literature. The authors describe a rare case of a long relapse-free interval in a patient with lung cancer spreading to the brain after combination therapy. The case given demonstrates the efficiency of the combination treatment for intracerebral metastases, which involves metastasectomy, followed by radiotherapy for the removed tumor bed.
Zlokachestvennye novoobrazovaniya u bol'nykh leproy
Authors: Anokhina V V , Urlyapova N G
Published: December 2023

Malignancy morbidity and mortality were retrospectively analyzed in patients with leprosy in 1993 to 2008. Due to effective antileprotic therapy, leprotic patients were shown to survive to elderly and old ages, which resulted in an increase in the rate of malignancies (primarily of the skin) and brought patients with leprosy closer to the general population in terms of the risk and pattern of oncopathology.
Fotodinamicheskaya terapiya v neyroonkologii
Authors: Kurzhupov M I , Filonenko E V , Loshakov V A , Zaytsev A M
Published: December 2023

Brain malignancies are diseases with a poor prognosis. Despite the use of currently available techniques, such as microsurgical removal, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, survival in these patients remains low due to continued tumor growth. A search is under way for treatment options that can prolong a relapse-free period and survival in these patients. The paper analyzes the data available in the literature on a new treatment technique for this group of patients, namely, photodynamic therapy.
Rak parashchitovidnoy zhelezy
Authors: Svetitskiy P V , Nepomnyashchaya E M , Magerramov R Kh
Published: December 2023

The paper describes a case of parathyroid cancer in a 48-year-old male in whom the disease started with hoarse voice and lumbar pain. Examination revealed a tumor onto the posterolateral surface of the thyroid, paralysis of the half of the larynx, osteolysis in the pelvic bones and vertebral column. General blood and urine analysis and the blood levels of thyroid hormones and calcium were in the normal range whereas that of parathyroid hormone was high. Hemithyroidectomy extending to the right isthmus and the presenting tumor was performed. Parathyroid cancer was morphologically verified. The postoperative period was smooth; primary intention healing occurred in the wound. The patient was discharged from the hospital in a satisfactory condition to be followed up by an endocrinologist and an oncologist.
Opyt organizatsii skriningovykh meropriyatiy po ranney diagnostike raka molochnoy zhelezy v usloviyakh severnykh regionov Rossii
Authors: Zakharova N A , Kotlyarov E V
Published: December 2023

The objective of the investigation was to study the results of the organizational structure of screening measures to improve the early diagnosis of breast cancer, which was commissioned in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District in 2007. A total of 117,465 women were examined using mammography and ultrasonography over 1.5 years; 63,924 (20.4% of the women in the age group of over 20 years) subjects were studied within the screening program. During screenings, the incidence of breast cancer increased from 28.7 to 35.5% in the district in 2007 (versus 2006). In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous and Surgut District, the breast cancer detection rate was generally 0.45% of the total number of screenings amongst women over 40 years of age.
Radiotherapy in the palliative treatment of patienrs with solitary metastases from skin melanoma to the viscera and bones
Authors: Zakurdyaeva I G , Kudryavtseva G T , Kaplan M A , Dement'ev A V , Zakurdyaeva I G , Kudzhryavtseva G T , Kaplan M A , Dementyev A V
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of multimodality treatment comprising drug, radiation, and photodynamic therapies for solitary metastasis to the lung, bones, and liver in 10, 4, and 1 patients, respectively; these have rather convincingly shown that it is highly expedient to incorporate, if indicated, different methods of local radiation exposure into a palliative treatment regimen. Varying resorption of metastases in response to radiation exposure was noted in the majority of patients, moreover, the remission remained for a rather long time; and metastatic masses completely disappeared in individual patients. Radiotherapy is effective in the treatment algorithm for this group of patients and increases survival and quality of life.
The Acropora family coral skeleton as a material for bone tissue defect replacement in patients with benign bone tumors (an experimental and clinical study)
Authors: Teplyakov V V , Myslivtsev I V , Bukharov A V , Sergeeva N S , Frank G A , Sviridova I K , Karpenko V A , Akhmedova S A , Akhmerova E B , Teplyakov V V , Myslivtsev I V , Bukharov A V , Sergeyeva N S , Frank G A , Sviridova I K , Karpenko V Yu , Kirsanova V A , Akhmedova S A , Akhmerova E B
Published: December 2023

Whether the skeleton of natural corals (NC) of the Acroporidae family could restore bone tissue defects after surgical treatment was studied.
A study group comprised 10 patients aged 24 to 54 years, including those with benign [enchodroma (n = 4), osteoblastoclastoma (n = 1), and osteocartilage exostosis (n = 1)] and tumor-like [bone cyst (n = 4)] bone lesions. A control group consisted of 10 patients (6 men and 4 women) aged 19 to 62 years with bone tissue lesions [enchodroma (n = 1), osteoblastoclastoma (n = 2), and osteocartilage exostosis (n = 1), bone cyst (n = 3), and fibrous dysplasia (n = 2)]. After intraosseous resection, plastic surgery using β-tricalcium phosphate was performed in 1 patient with prostatic metastasis into the femoral head and 9 patients with benign bone lesions.
Dynamic X-ray studies for at least 3 months after surgery revealed signs of bone tissue restoration with implanted coral resorption in the study group patients. This is suggestive of the rather high rate of NC resorption, which is similar to that of bone tissue restoration.
Lymphorrhea after radical mastectomies
Authors: Ermoshchenkova M V , Pak D D , Ermoshchenkova M V , Pak D D
Published: December 2023

The duration and amount of lymphorrhea were studied in 274 patients operated on for breast cancer. The risk factors contributing to abundant and prolonged lymphorrhea were identified.
Breast cancer morbidity and mortality rates in the Republic of Dagestan
Authors: Magomedov O M , Magomedov O M
Published: December 2023

Breast cancer (BC) morbidity and mortality rates were analyzed in the Republic of Dagestan (RD) for a long period (1991-2002) and their current state was assessed. The standardized (world standard for) rate of BC morbidity in the RD was found to be 22.9 and, as a whole, significantly lower than the average rate in the Russian Federation (41.6%) and that of morbidity was 14.1 and inconsistent with the official data. It was also ascertained that both rates in the RD were increasing and varied within this republic with the female residence (urban, rural, geographic zone). Thus, the morbidity and mortality rates among the urban women (32.1 and 19.7) and in the lowlands (27.7 and 18.0) was twice as high as in the rural (15.8 and 10) and highlands (12.7 and 8.5). Cities, towns, and areas with high and low BC morbidity and mortality rates were defined. In some of them the BC mortality rates were also established to be greater than not only average republican, but also average federative ones. It was concluded that this situation was due to poor detection and the absence of primary and secondary prevention measures and screening programs. The impact of inadequate scope of treatment performed in the Dagestan Republican Cancer Dispensary on the rates is not ruled out either.
Sovremennye tendentsii v khirurgicheskom lechenii obturatsionnoy tolstokishechnoy neprokhodimosti opukholevogo geneza
Authors: Alekperov S F , Pugaev A V , Achkasov E E , Kalachev O A , Volkov V S , Posudnevskiy V I
Published: December 2023

The paper describes the evolution of the problem by taking into account various tactical approaches from minimum surgery to resolve obstruction at the first and radical stages of treatment to emergency and urgent radical operations at its later stages. It gives different arguments in favor of possible tactical decisions and an explanation of the existing wide scatter of the indicators of respectability and operability at different hospitals. The authors show that video-assisted laparoscopy, endoscopic recanalization and stenting in the area of colonic tumor stenosis may be used as preparation of patients for radical surgical treatment.
Nablyudenie desmoidnoy fibromy myagkikh tkaney shei
Authors: Reshetov I V , Novikova O V , Dar'yalova S L , Polyakov A P , Epifanov S V , Khiyaeva V A
Published: December 2023

The authors describe a case of desmoid fibroma of rare site. They outline the existing treatments for this pathology and their uses in this female patient. Due to ineffective medical treatment, surgery has been performed using a displaced muscle flap to close the formed defect.
Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung
Authors: Trakhtenberg A Kh , Frank G A , Pikin O V , Sokolov V V , Kolbanov K I , Trakhtenberg A Kh , Frank G A , Pikin O V , Sokolov V V , Kolbanov K I
Published: December 2023

The paper describes the state-of-the-art of surgical treatment in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the lung. It considers their classification, morphological diagnosis, and the possibilities of their instrumental diagnosis. Distinctive clinical and morphological criteria for carcinoid, large-cell and small-cell neuroendocrine cancer of the lung are characterized.
Gynecological cancer morbidity in the rural areas of the Republic of Dagestan
Authors: Shikhnabieva N D , Khachirov D Kh , Shikhnabiyeva N D , Khachirov D Kh
Published: December 2023

The paper analyzes the regional epidemiological determinants of the nature and scope of preventive measures against gynecological cancer diseases in the rural areas of the Republic of Dagestan (RD). According to age and tumor site, rural cancer gynecological morbidity rates were analyzed in different ethic groups in the RD over 1987-2001. There was a 25.1% increment in rural female genital malignancy morbidity in different ethnic groups. There was the highest (2.8-fold) increment in gynecological cancer morbidity in Nogai women and 1.3- and 1.1-fold decreases in this indicator in Rutul and Agul women, respectively. The peak age group in gynecological cancer death was 60-69 years.
Surgical treatment for bronchopulmonary carcinoid
Authors: Biryukov Yu V , Parshin V D , Mirzoyan O S , Biryukov Yu V , Parshin V D , Mirzoyan O S
Published: December 2023

Surgical treatment was performed in 286 patients with lung cancer. The final morphological study diagnosed typical and atypical carcinoid tumors in 258 (90.2%) and 28 (9.8%) patients, respectively. The central and peripheral tumor sites were established in 245 (85.7%) and 41 (14.3%) patients, respectively. According to disease stage, the patients were distributed as follows: Stage I in 166 patients, Stage II in 84, Stage III in 30, and Stage IV in 6. Five (1.7%) patients were found to have carcinoid syndrome: the tumor had the morphological structure of atypical and typical carcinoid tumors in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. One patient with typical carcinoid was observed to have carcinoid syndrome concurrent with the Itsenko-Cushing syndrome. Two patients with carcinoid syndrome were ascertained to have hepatic metastases; these patients were recognized to be inoperable. The basic type of surgical intervention for typical carcinoid tumors was an organ-saving operation: lobectomy, bilobectomy, reconstructive plastic surgery, precision removal, and segmental resection. Only 7 patients underwent endoscopic removal of typical carcinoid tumors. In atypical carcinoid tumors, the surgical volume depends on the specific features of the extent of a tumor and the presence or absence of metastases. Pneumonectomy with lymphadenectomy and lobectomy in combination with and without bronchial resection were performed in half the cases. The long-term results of radical surgical treatment in patients with bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors suggest that these operations are warranted.
New approaches to organ-sparing treatment for borderline ovarian tumors
Authors: Shevchuk A S , Novikova E G , Shevchuk A S , Novikova E G
Published: December 2023

The authors describe an interesting case of Stage 1C borderline ovarian tumor in a 19-year-old patient. After 4 courses of polychemotherapy with consideration of the stage of the disease, the patient has been followed for more than 3 years, who has neither signs of disease progression nor menstrual dysfunction; pregnancy is being planned.
The authors give the data available in the literature on the results of treatment for these tumors and provide a comprehensive rationale for chosen management tactic.
Plastic surgery in orthopedic oncology
Authors: Teplyakov V V , Karpenko V Yu , Bukharov A V , Derzhavin V A , Myslivtsev I V , Shatalov A M , Kravtsov S A , Rubtsova N A , Epifanova S V , Sobchenko L A , Urlova A N , Teplyakov V V , Karpenko V Yu , Bukharov A V , Derzhavin V A , Myslivtsev I V , Shatalov A M , Kravtsov S A , Rubtsova N A , Epifanova S V , Sobchenko L A , Urlova A N
Published: December 2023

The results of plastic surgery were analyzed in 700 patients surgically treated for tumor involvement of the locomotor apparatus at the Department of Orthopedic Oncology, P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, in 2005 to 2010. After radical tumor removal, recurrences in the area of surgical interventions were noted in 56 (13%) patients. Orthopedic improvement occurred in 74.5% of the patients after surgical interventions using a plastic repair component. Complications after repair and plastic surgeries were found in 10% of the patients. Infectious complications were observed in 3%. Assessment of the results of surgical interventions with a plastic repair component has shown that combination and complex treatments for cancers, the emergence of new implants and bioengineering designs, and the introduction or repair and plastic surgeries allow organ-sparing operations to be performed in the vast majority of patients with tumor involvement of the locomotor apparatus, by yielding good functional, cosmetic, and oncological results.
Drug treatment for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Kornietskaya A L , Bolotina L V , Korniyetskaya A L , Bolotina L V
Published: December 2023

The paper analyzes the results of international studies evaluating the efficiency and tolerability of chemotherapy during combination treatment for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The considerable local extent of a tumor process, a high risk for a local recurrence, and a tendency to massive lympho- and hematogenic metastases have resulted in an active search and use of various chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Vnegonadnaya opukhol' zheltochnogo meshka v sredostenii v sochetanii s metastazami raka pochki v legkom
Authors: Korolev A V , Andreeva Yu Yu , Zavalishina L E , Rudakov R V , Pikin O V
Published: December 2023

The paper describes a case of a rare combination of extragonadal yolk sac tumor with kidney cancer spreading to the lung. It shows a problem in the preoperative diagnosis of germinogenic mediastinal tumor that mimics a metastasis from renal cancer.
Choice of the optimal extent of mediastinal lymphadenectomy at surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Kolbanov K I , Trakhtenberg A Kh , Frank G A , Pikin O V , Glushko V A , Kolbanov K I , Trakhtenberg A Kh , Frank G A , Pikin O V , Glushko V A
Published: December 2023

The retrospective clinical records of surgical (combination) treatment in 1420 patients with non-small cell lung cancer were used to determine the rate of regional metastases and to reveal their regularities, by taking into account the size, site, and pathological type of a tumor. On the data available in the literature and the results of their study, the authors proposed a classification of lymphadenectomies in the surgical treatment of lung cancer. A standardized approach to removing mediastinal lymph nodes will make it possible to make a radical surgical volume, to correctly stage the diseases, to adequately plan adjuvant anti-tumor drug treatment, to correctly analyze the long-term results of surgical (combination) treatment, and to compare them with those obtained in different clinics.
The diagnosis and treatment of malignant paraganglioma in the ilioinguinal region
Authors: Sedykh S A , Teplyakov V V , Epifanova S V , Bondarev A V , Karpenko V Yu , Sedykh S A , Teplyakov V V , Epifanova S V , Bondarev A V , Karpenko V Yu
Published: December 2023

The paper describes a rare case of extraadrenal malignant paraganglioma in the ilioinguinal region. It shows the capabilities of diagnosis in estimating the extent of tumor involvement, as well as methods and the evaluation of therapeutic efficiency.
Quality of life in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer during multimodality treatment
Authors: Dobrodeev A Yu , Zav'yalov A A , Balatskaya L N , Tuzikov S A , Miller S V , Dobrodeev A Yu , Zavyalov A A , Balatskaya L N , Tuzikov S A , Miller S V
Published: December 2023

Quality of life (QL) was studied in 185 patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer at the stages of multimodality treatment involving neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel/carboplatin, radical surgery, and intraoperative radiotherapy (the single dose was 10 and 15 Gy) in the presence of gemzar or cisplatin radiosensitization. The EORTC QLQ-30 (version 3.0) and EORTC QLQ-LC13 questionnaires were used to estimate QL. The latter was shown to be determined by the performed courses of chemotherapy and the volume of surgical intervention. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases physical functioning (92.3±2.3%) and total health status (71.1±3.9%) versus the pretreatment values (81.4±3.3 and 61.8±4.1%, respectively). After surgical treatment, the functional parameters of QL depend on the volume of surgery: the results of pneumonectomy were worse (56.3±5.7) than those of lung resection (66.5±4.5%). Intraoperative radiotherapy in a single dose of 10 and 15 Gy, gemzar or cisplatin radiosensitization exerted no impact on QL indicators. The final stage of rehabilitation after multimodality treatment is performed at a 12-24-month interval.
Targeted therapy for malignant gliomas: state-of-the-art
Authors: Borisov K E , Sakaeva D D , Borisov K E , Sakayeva D D
Published: December 2023

The review provides information on the role of target drugs in the treatment of malignant gliomas. Imatinib in combination with hydroxyurea has the highest efficacy although process stabilization is generally achieved without an objective response. EGFR-targeted drugs, such as cetuximab, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and m-TOR, have less activity and may be used if other treatments are ineffective.
Atomic force microscopy in oncocytology
Authors: Volchenko N N , Slavnova E N , Sukharev S S , Chissov V I , Reshetov I V , Bykov V A , Volchenko N N , Slavnova E N , Sukharev S S , Chissov V I , Reshetov I V , Bykov V A
Published: December 2023

A new atomic force microscopy (AFM) method was used to examine 51 cytology specimens from breast and thyroid tumors and pretumors and 17 uterine cervix scrapes. The authors formulated the main tasks of using AFM in oncocytology: to search for objective criteria for differential diagnosis between intact and cancer cells; to identify viral changes in the squamatous epithelial cells; and to objectify the immunocytochemical reaction of Her-2/neu oncoprotein hyperexpression.
The studies have revealed as follows: glandular cancers are characterized by an increased nucleus/cytoplasm height ratio (from 1.8 to 2.5 for breast cancer and from 1.9 to 2.5 for thyroid cancer); the squamatous epithelial cells show an inverse trend (a decrease from 2.96 to 2.08 for keratinizing carcinoma of the cervix uteri); viral squamatous cell lesion appears as a perinuclear groove 200 nm in depth; Her-2/neu oncoprotein hyperexpression corresponds to the increase in cytoplasmic height from 248 to 850 nm.
Prevention of postoperative pyoinflammatory complications with antioxidants and immunomodulators in patients with lung malignancies
Authors: Nemtsova E R , Karmakova T A , Bezborodova O A , Skripnik V V , Amiraliev A M , Sobolev A V , Pikin O V , Edeleva N V , Yakubovskaya R I , Chissov V I , Nemtsova E R , Karmakova T A , Bezborodova O A , Skripnik V V , Amiraliyev A M , Sobolev A V , Pikin O V , Edeleva N V , Yakubovskaya R I , Chissov V I
Published: December 2023

A regimen was developed for the prevention of postoperative pyoinflammatory complications in patients with lung malignancies. Russian antioxidants and immunomodulators, such as laprot (L), ceruloplasmin (C), imunofan (I), and galavit (G), were used for corrective therapy. The trial was conducted in the randomized groups of patients: 24 patients were treated with a regimen of C+G, 31 received L+I, 28 patients had L+G, 18 had C+I; and 47 patients made up a control group. The study has demonstrated that corrective therapy, particularly that including the immunomodulator imunofan and the antioxidants ceruloplasmin or laprot, decreases the frequency and severity of postoperative pyoinflammatory complications.
Risk factors for recurrent breast cancer after combination treatment
Authors: Shchepotin I B , Zotov A S , Zaychuk V V , Anikus'ko N F , Lyubota I I , Lyubota R V , Shchepotin I B , Zotov A S , Zaichuk V V , Anikusko N F , Lyubota I I , Lyubota R V
Published: December 2023

Two hundred and eighteen patients aged 31 to 92 years (mean age 57+1.3 years), who had been treated for breast cancer (BC), were examined. They were divided into 2 groups: 1) 99 patients who had undergone organ-sparing surgery (OSS) and 2) 119 patients after radical mastectomy (RME). The degree of primary tumor differentiation, metastases to regional lymph nodes, and the immunohistochemical pattern of a tumor (ER, PR, and HER-2/neu) were assessed as prognostic factors. The local recurrence rate was found to be 13 and 9% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The relapse-free period averaged 53+8 and 56+10 months in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The degree of tumor differentiation, metastases to regional lymph nodes, the receptor status (ER, PR) of a primary tumor in both groups, and the expression of HER-2/neu after RME do not affect the occurrence of recurrent BC at the 0.05 significance level. In the post-OSS patients, the HER-2/neu-positive primary tumor showed a statistically significant correlation with the rate of recurrent BC at the 0.05 significance level.
Use of monoclonal antibodies in drug therapy for
Authors: Bolotina L V , Paychadze A A , Koroleva L A , Bolotina L V , Paichadze A A , Koroleva L A
Published: December 2023

The paper gives the results of international studies of a role of targeted therapy for disseminated colorectal cancer (DCRC). It considers three drugs from this group - cetuximab (erbitux), panitumumab (vectibix), and bevacizumab (avastin). Erbitux demonstrated its activity against DCRC with EGFR receptor hyperexpression and KRAS wide-type and its ability to potentiate the antitumor activity of irinotecan. In DCRC patients without K-RAS mutation, the use of vectibix could significantly increase objective response rates, disease stabilization, and survival to progression as compared with the similar parameters during symptomatic therapy. Avastin therapy leads to a reduction in tumor growth and increases in overall survival (to 25 months) time to disease progression (by 20-25%) as compared to chemotherapy only.
Principles of the design and use of medical vaccines in oncology
Authors: Moiseenko V M , Baldueva I A , Moiseyenko V M , Balduyeva I A
Published: December 2023

The paper substantiates the principles of the design and use of antitumor vaccines. Tumor-associated antigens that are of interest in terms of the potential object of active specific immunotherapy are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing vaccine therapy options are defined and their prospects are formulated.
Assessment of the quality of mesorectumectomy in the surgery of rectal cancer
Authors: Maynovskaya O A , Sidorov D V , Frank G A , Mainovskaya O A , Sidorov D V , Frank G A
Published: December 2023

The quality of rectal cancer surgery was morphologically estimated during total mesorectumectomy (TME). Analysis of the findings has indicated that the type of an operation, the site of a tumor, and the depth of tumor invasion are major factors that influence the quality of TME. Macroscopic assessment of TME quality is an independent prognostic factor that identifies patients at high risk for a local recurrence, defines a postoperative management tactic, and serves as an indication for adjuvant therapy.
Migratsiya kletok i onkogenez
Authors: Spirina L V , Kondakova I V
Published: December 2023

Tumor spread is a sign of disease progression. This process is associated with the migration of tumor cells and the development of new blood vessels (neoangiogenesis). The review gives the basic migration markers and their role in oncogenesis. The changes in the properties of tumor cells underlie tumor metastasis and invasion, which is associated with an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Mitogenic factors are first produced by a tumor cell and then by its microenvironment. Its key point is the capacity of a tumor to respond to growth factors.
Cytological and molecular cytogenetic investigations the diagnosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Savostikova M V , Volchenko N N , Rusakov I G , Borisova O V , Golovashchenko M P , Savostikova M V , Volchenko N N , Rusakov I G , Borisova O V , Golovashchenko M P
Published: December 2023

The introduction of a method for molecular genetic analysis into clinical practice extends the possibilities of diagnosing bladder cancer in its early stage. The paper gives the results of urine cytological and cytogenetic investigations in patients with bladder cancer. Forty-four cytological examinations and 25 cytogenetic ones were made. The results of both techniques in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma coincided in 12 cases. However, bladder carcinoma was verified only by molecular genetic analysis in 2 cases.
Clinical aspects of the molecular genetic profile of uterine carcinosarcoma
Authors: Levitskaya N V , Pozharisskiy K M , Vostryukhina O A , Alekseeva L N , Nemtsova M V , Matrosova I V , Poddubnaya I V , Levitskaya N V , Pozharissky K M , Vostryukhina O A , Alekseyeva L N , Nemtsova M V , Matrosova I V , Poddubnaya I V
Published: December 2023

The paper gives the results of a molecular genetic study of tumor tissues from 13 patients with uterine carcinosarcoma. Having determined damages to genes (K-RAS exon 1, TP53 exons 5-9, PTEN exons 5 and 8) in the components of carcinosarcoma, the authors assessed each of the study parameters as a potentially clinical prognostic criterion. Whether aberrant TP53 and PTEN and tumor clonality could be used as clinical markers was confirmed.
Experimental rationale for the duration of radiofrequency thermal ablation for bone tumor involvement
Authors: Teplyakov V V , Frank G A , Bukharov A V , Efremov G D , Karpenko V Yu , Myslivtsev I V , Teplyakov V V , Frank G A , Bukharov A V , Efremov G D , Karpenko V Yu , Myslivtsev I V
Published: December 2023

Experimental animals (sheep) underwent radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFTA) of iliac bones (spongy bones) for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 minutes, followed by a histological study. There was bone necrosis in all the radiofrequency wave exposure periods (2 to 12 minutes), the fragments of osseous structures in the RFTA periods of 10 to 12 minutes showed obvious signs of coagulation necrosis with carbonization. The radius of bone necrosis varied from 15 to 20 mm under 2-6-min hyperthermia and 8-12-min thermal ablation. The findings show that 4-6-min RFTA exposure was sufficient for malignancies not exceeding 3 cm in diameter and the time of hyperthermia for bone metastases must be 8-10 minutes.
Cisplatin-induced potentiation of the antitumor effect of photodynamic therapy
Authors: Kazachkina N I , Yakubovskaya R I , Morozova N B , Kazachkina N I , Yakubovskaya R I , Morozova N B
Published: December 2023

The effect of cisplatin on the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) was experimentally studied using leukemia P-388 as a tumor growth model. Treatment was initiated in the presence of a disseminated tumor process. Photosens was administered once in dose of 5 mg/kg on day 5 of tumor growth; PDT was made 24 hours after administration of the sensitizer. Cisplatin was given once in a dose of 7 mg/kg 48, 24, 2, and 0.25 hours before PDT concurrently with the start of radiation or 0.25, 2 or 24 hours after it. A local antitumor effect was judged from the suppression of growth in a primary (irradiated) tumor focus; a systemic effect was from the increased lifespan of mice. The local effect of combination treatment during its all used regimens was higher than that of PDT or chemotherapy (CT) alone. The efficiency of systemic CT in during combination treatment versus its individual components was increased only when the cytostatic was injected prior to PDT.
Methodological aspects of the fluorescence diagnosis of malignancies by using alasens
Authors: Filonenko E V , Grishaeva A B , Filonenko E V , Grishayeva A B
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of using the kinetics of tissue distribution of alasens-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in patients with tumors of various sites during local and systemic administrations of alasens. The time to achieve the maximum intensity of alasens-induced PPIX fluorescence in tumor and the fluorescence ratio "tumor/norm value", as well as the level of alasens-induced PPIX fluorescence are shown to depend on the route of alasens administration. Procedures for fluorescence diagnosis using alasens are clarified in accordance with the findings.
Study of the diagnostic value of the serum level of the marker SCCA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Parilova N K , Sergeeva N S , Marshutina N V , Mamontov A S , Vereshchagin V G , Solokhina M P , Meysner I S , Parilova N K , Sergeyeva N S , Marshutina N V , Mamontov A S , Vereshchagin V G , Solokhina M P , Meisner I S
Published: December 2023

The level of a serological marker for squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) was studied in patients with primary, remitting, and relapsing esophageal SCC (ESCC). The levels of SCC antigen (SCCA) increased from Stage I to Stage IV (from 0.8±0.3 to 1.7±0.3 ng/ml, so as the percentage of patients with elevated SCCA (from 20 to 60%, respectively). In remission, the values of SCCA were within the upper normal range in all the patients. The diagnostic sensitivity of SCCA in relapse was similar to that in primary SCC (38/9 and 39.8%, respectively). The proportion of SCCA-positive cases was higher in patients with low- and moderate-grade tumors than in those with high-grade tumors (54.1 and 21.4% of cases, respectively). The mean level of SCCA slightly rose after invasive diagnostic procedures. Hence, this group of patients should undergo serum SCCA tests before and 3-4 days after invasive diagnostic procedures. For the monitoring of the efficiency of treatment and preclinical detection of relapses, it is expedient to use SCCA as a serological marker in 30-40% of all patients with primary ESCC and in approximately 50% of patients with low- and moderate-grade SCC.
Head and neck tumors: from the history of medical service formation
Authors: Sidorenko Yu S , Svetitskiy P V , Sidorenko Yu S , Svetitsky P V
Published: December 2023

The paper presents historical data on the emergence of medical services of otorhinolaryngology, dentistry, and head and neck tumors. It gives the names of their pioneers, such as laryngologists, ear specialists, and oncologists who operate patients with head and neck tumors. The setting-up of head and neck tumor services in the USSR is described.
Results of the first Russian study estimating the willingness to pay threshold for one saved quality-adjusted life year in oncology by the conditional assessment method
Authors: Zelenova O V , Son I M , Rusakov I G , Bolotina L V , Zelenova O V , Son I M , Rusakov I G , Bolotina L V
Published: December 2023

High technologies used to treat patients with cancer, hematologic and rare diseases are always regarded in society as expensive. Modern medicine, particularly oncology and hematology, cannot be imagined today without monoclonal antibodies and genetic engineering. Who must determine the introduction of new and existing procedures into routine practice and how, as well as where are the reference points for those who make decisions in terms of the costs of these treatments? To determine a cost threshold for inclusion or exclusion of new treatments is one of the most important tasks in the light of healthcare reform and drug provision in the Russian Federation. These questions can be answered via studies of the willingness to pay (WTP) threshold. The latter will allow understanding of the country citizens' preference in estimating expenditures for medical products and services. This will in turn enable them to understand more properly the amount of expenses the state has to bear when developing treatment standards and lists of drugs to be freely dispensed.
Within the framework of the study, a questionnaire survey on a random sample of Russia's respondents was conducted to measure WTP for one additional quality adjusted life year, by applying the conditional estimation method and analyzing sociodemographic indicators. According to the results, WTP for one year of life saved with its quality borne in mind was 69,000 rubles or US$2.300, which is much lower, in absolute terms, than those obtained in other countries. Thus, a similar study of WTP for one year of life saved with its quality taken into account showed that WTP was US$41,000 (Japan), 74,000 (Korea), 77,00 (Taiwan), 36,000 (United Kingdom), 47,000 (Australia), and 62,000 (USA). If WTP is compared to the average annual per capita income, Russia approximates that in such countries as the United Kingdom and Japan.
The metalloproteinases MMP-9 and their tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 in the coprofiltrates of patients with colonic carcinoma
Authors: Starostina M A , Afanas'eva Z A , Zinkevich O D , Safina N A , Starostina M A , Afanasyeva Z A , Zinkevich O D , Safina N A
Published: December 2023

Before treatment, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were determined in the coprofiltrates of 63 patients with colonic adenocarcinoma. A control group included 20 healthy individuals. In the group of patients with colorectal cancer, the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the coprofiltrates were higher than those in the group of health individuals. In the patients with colonic carcinoma, the concentrations of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 did not depend on tumor stage and site. The informative value of determination of TIMP-1 in the coprofiltrate of patients with colorectal cancer was higher than that of MMP-9. The findings suggest the expediency of further studies of TIMP-1, which are aimed at estimating the possibilities of its use as a noninvasive laboratory test for colorectal cancer.
Overweight as a risk factor for breast cancer in the women of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District-Yugra
Authors: Zakharova N A , Duffy S W , Zakharova N A , Duffy S W
Published: December 2023

The studies of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer (BC) risk showed that the latter was 1.16 and 1.66 in subjects with a BMI of 25-29.5 and above 30 kg/m2, respectively. Within the framework of a screening program for the early diagnosis of BC, a mass questionnaire-based survey of women was conducted to identify predominant risk factors. The study indicated that a BMI of more than 25 kg/m2 was found in 54.8% of the district's women; obesity was observed in 21% of the women asked. The local population had higher BMI than had the female newcomers. The most unfavorable indicators were revealed among women over 46 years of age. In this group, overweight was found in 76.6%, including in 37% with second-third-degree obesity.
Giant neuroendocrine tumor of the mediastinum
Authors: Pikin O V , Glushko V A , Amiraliev A M , Kartoveshchenko A S , Pikin O V , Glushko V A , Amiraliyev A M , Kartoveshchenko A S
Published: December 2023

The paper describes a case of giant neuroendocrine tumor of the mediastinum. In the authors' opinion, medical treatments are not indicated in patients with this size of the tumor and its morphological structure. Surgery is the method of choice in treating these patients.
The system of a Federal Cancer Registry
Authors: Starinskiy V V , Gretsova O P , Petrova G V , Prostov Yu I , Starinsky V V , Gretsova O P , Petrova G V , Prostov Yu I
Published: December 2023

The paper considers the organizational and methodic issues of establishing a Federal Cancer Registry in Russia. A normative and legal base of the registry has been set up; a computer program for the automated system of the register has been elaborated. This program has received approval from the International Agency for Research on Cancer as it meets international standards.
The cancer registry has two levels: regional and federal ones. This program has been introduced regionally in 62 areas of the Russian Federation. Its other 21 regions, organizational work is under way to convert a database into single standard.
The data base of regional registries is used to monitor the implementation of measures to improve medical care to cancer patients.
The Cancer Registry program is drawn up as a module and, if needed, may be augmented by additional information.
This registry gives not only descriptive epidemiological data (morbidity, prevalence, morbidity, survival), but also qualitative on-line information on a wide range of important problems in the functioning of both a branch as a whole and its individual areas. It provides a way of obtaining valid information on used diagnostic methods, the efficiency of standard and newly developed treatment options, such as surgical, radiation, drug, and combination ones.
Prognostic factors during surgical treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Kolbanov K I , Kolbanov K I
Published: December 2023

The paper reviews the literature concerning the surgical treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. It describes the historical aspects of development of lung surgery and the views about mediastinal lymphadenectomy. The long-term results of treatment in this group of patients are given in terms of tumor stage and morphological structure. The major and additional prognostic factors influencing 5-year survival after surgical treatment are identified and specified.
The state of cancer registries in Siberia and the Far East
Authors: Choynzonov E L , Pisareva L F , Zhuykova L D , Choinzonov E L , Pisareva L F , Zhuikova L D
Published: December 2023

The paper analyzes the development of population-based cancer registries in Siberia, the Far East, and the Tyumen Region. The scientific and practical value of regional cancer registries at the present stage and the possibility of their consolidation are considered. The present level and promises for software of the medical activity of the Cancer Research Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, are covered.
Ultrasound study of the liver in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer while planning surgical treatment
Authors: Stepanov C O , Sidorov D V , Butenko A V , Guts O V , Mitina L A , Stepanov S O , Sidorov D V , Butenko A V , Guts O V , Mitina L A
Published: December 2023

The overview deals with methods for evaluating the functional state of the hepatic parenchyma in patients with colorectal cancer while planning surgical treatment for liver metastases. The intact hepatic parenchyma should be estimated to reduce the risk of postoperative complications and mortality. Noninvasive diagnostic techniques fail to provide an objective assessment. Only a morphological study of parenchymal biopsy specimens will help rule out hepatic steatosis/ fibrosis and give surgeons information on the postresection liver remnant.
Ultrasound study of space-occupying lesions in the mediastinum: Methodological aspects
Authors: Kazakevich V I , Safonov D V , Kazakevich V I , Safonov D V
Published: December 2023

Based on the experience in examining more than 700 patients, the authors show the capacities of chest ultrasound study (USS) for space-occupying lesions in the mediastinum. With primary tumors and cysts being present or thyroid tumors spreading into the mediastinum, the technique permits the imaging of abnormalities in virtually all cases and the diagnosis of involvement of the large vessels of the mediastinum, pericardium, and heart. The nature of a tumor can be defined by the characteristic ultrasound pattern of pericardial coelomyc cyst, abdominomediastinal lipoma, broncho- and enterogenic cysts, teratoma, or neurinoma. Ultrasonically guided diagnostic puncture is performed if there is a need for morphological verification. The method allows therapeutic effectiveness to be evaluated during a follow-up of patients with mediastinal tumors receiving medical antitumor treatment.
EDEMATOUS FORM OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: Saribekyan E. K
Published: December 2023

By examining the data available in the literature and their findings, the author draws the conclusion that skin and tissue edema in the breast is due to the biological feature of its tumor and the features of lymph and blood circulation in the perifocal area and breast. Primary edema should be considered to mean skin edema without an underlying tumor, which may designed as category T4b and T4d in the TNM classification. Cases of concomitant edema due to universal causes (major tumor resolution, skin tumor ingrowth with ulceration and inflammation) should be referred to as secondary edema. Due to the pronounced features of its development and treatment policy, breast cancer with primary edema should be identified as a separate group (for example, inflammatory cancer has been classified as T4d), rather than be considered with cases of skin ulceration designated the index T4b of Stage IIIB in the international TNM classification.
REDUCING A POSTOPERATIVE RADIATION DOSE IN THE COMBINED-MODALITY TREATMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER
Authors: Pankratova Yu. A. , Khmelevsky E. V. , Dobrovolskaya N. Yu.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of traditional versus low-dose postmastectomy chest radiation according to local control criteria, overall and relapse-free survival rates, and the frequency of postradiation cardiac complications. The efficiency of treatment was compared in two groups of patients with Stages II-IIIB breast cancer: 1) 129 patients who received normal-dose (50 Gy in 25 fractions applied to the chest) radiotherapy (RT) and 2) 82 patients who had low-dose (40 Gy in 20 fractions applied to the chest) RT. The latter followed Madden mastectomy in all cases. In all the patients, regional areas were irradiated with standard doses of 46-50 Gy concurrently with chest radiation. The frequency and quality of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy were similar in the groups. The median follow-up was 111 and 95 months in each group, respectively. In the normal- and low-dose RT groups, 5-year actuarial local-regional progression rates were 6.2±2.1 and 3.7±2.1%, respectively (p = 0.4). In Groups 1 and 2, late metastases were detected in 34.6±4.2 and 19.5±4.4%, respectively (p < 0.05). Five-year actuarial relapse-free survival was 71.5±6.4% in the low-dose RT group and 53.5±5.4% in the normal-dose RT one, respectively (p = 0.07). Five-year overall survival was 65.3±5.6 and 72.2±6.3%, respectively (p = 0.08). The patients with a left-sided tumor process were noted to have late ECG cardiac changes in 55±11.1% of cases in the low-dose RT group and in 75±9.7% in the normal-dose RT one (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that there are no statistically significant differences in the rates of local-regional progression, overall and relapse-free survival in the normal- and low-dose RT groups. The proposed procedure for reduced postmastectomy chest radiation in combination with current chemotherapy regimens can reduce the risk of cardiac toxicity, without decreasing the therapeutic effectiveness characteristic of the traditional procedure.