bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Long-term Sustainability of Lean as a Management Practice: Survey Evidence on Diffusion and Use of the Concept in Norway in the Period 2015–2017
Authors: Madsen Dag Øivind , Berg Terje , Stenheim Tonny , Moum Janne Vagnild , Bordewich Inger Overland , Storsveen Maria
Published: June 2019

Even though Lean is a management concept with roots stretching back several decades, it did not take off on a large scale in Norway until around 2010. Since then, Lean has received frequent attention in the Norwegian media, and recent surveys indicate that the diffusion and popularity of Lean can be considered relatively high in both the private and public sectors. This article focuses on the sustainability of Lean as a management practice in Norway. The Google dictionary defines the term “sustainability” as “the ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level.” The article therefore seeks to examine the evolution in the diffusion and use of the Lean concept in Norway in the period 2015–2017. For this purpose, we draw on data from two surveys administered in 2015 and 2017, as well as a small number of follow-up interviews carried out in 2017. The results generally show that the diffusion rate in Norway appears to be relatively stable, and Lean users appear to have a very positive perception of the concept, which indicates that the Lean concept currently has an institutionalised position as a management practice in Norway. Therefore, the evolution pattern of Lean in Norway differs from what has been observed in other countries where the concept appears to be on a downward trajectory in terms of its popularity. Moreover, the results reveal considerable variation in terms of how Lean is interpreted, understood and used in practice, for instance, when it comes to abstraction levels and the use of different Lean-related principles and tools. Overall, the results have several theoretical and methodological implications for future studies on the diffusion, use and long-term sustainability of popular management concepts such as Lean.
Why U.S. Consumers Buy Sustainable Cotton Made Collegiate Apparel? A Study of the Key Determinants
Authors: Chi Ting , Gerard Jenisha , Dephillips Alison , Liu Hang , Sun Jing
Published: June 2019

U.S. collegiate apparel is a $4 billion market in which cotton and polyester made by conventional production methods account for 85% of materials used. Sustainable cotton made collegiate apparel offers a new opportunity for cotton made by novel and sustainable production methods to enter and replace conventional cotton and polyester for environmental protection and sustainable business development. This study aimed to provide insights on why U.S. consumers buy sustainable cotton made collegiate apparel and help understand the emerging trend of sustainable cotton apparel. Building on the Theory of Planned Behavior, an enhanced research model of consumer intent to purchase sustainable cotton made collegiate apparel (SCCA) is proposed. 225 eligible survey responses were gathered for data analysis and hypothesis testing. Attitude, subjective norms, perceived consumer effectiveness, and environmental knowledge positively influences U.S. consumers’ purchase intentions toward SCCA while the effect of perceived behavioral control is insignificant. Furthermore, consumer environmental knowledge positively moderates the relationship between U.S. consumers’ attitude and their purchase intentions. There are no significant differences between age groups, genders, education levels, or income levels among U.S. consumers in regards to their purchase intentions. The proposed research model exhibits a good explanatory power, accounting for 47.3% of the variance in U.S. consumers’ purchase intentions toward SCCA.
Multi-Objective Sustainable Truck Scheduling in a Rail–Road Physical Internet Cross-Docking Hub Considering Energy Consumption
Authors: Chargui Tarik , Bekrar Abdelghani , Reghioui Mohamed , Trentesaux Damien
Published: June 2019

In the context of supply chain sustainability, Physical Internet (PI or π ) was presented as an innovative concept to create a global sustainable logistics system. One of the main components of the Physical Internet paradigm consists in encapsulating products in modular and standardized PI-containers able to move via PI-nodes (such as PI-hubs) using collaborative routing protocols. This study focuses on optimizing operations occurring in a Rail–Road PI-Hub cross-docking terminal. The problem consists of scheduling outbound trucks at the docks and the routing of PI-containers in the PI-sorter zone of the Rail–Road PI-Hub cross-docking terminal. The first objective is to minimize the energy consumption of the PI-conveyors used to transfer PI-containers from the train to the outbound trucks. The second objective is to minimize the cost of using outbound trucks for different destinations. The problem is formulated as a Multi-Objective Mixed-Integer Programming model (MO-MIP) and solved with CPLEX solver using Lexicographic Goal Programming. Then, two multi-objective hybrid meta-heuristics are proposed to enhance the computational time as CPLEX was time consuming, especially for large size instances: Multi-Objective Variable Neighborhood Search hybridized with Simulated Annealing (MO-VNSSA) and with a Tabu Search (MO-VNSTS). The two meta-heuristics are tested on 32 instances (27 small instances and 5 large instances). CPLEX found the optimal solutions for only 23 instances. Results show that the proposed MO-VNSSA and MO-VNSTS are able to find optimal and near optimal solutions within a reasonable computational time. The two meta-heuristics found optimal solutions for the first objective in all the instances. For the second objective, MO-VNSSA and MO-VNSTS found optimal solutions for 7 instances. In order to evaluate the results for the second objective, a one way analysis of variance ANOVA was performed.
Evaluating Impacts of Overweight in Road Freight Transportation: A Case Study in Brazil with System Dynamics
Authors: Ghisolfi Verônica , Ribeiro Glaydston Mattos , Chaves Gisele de Lorena Diniz , Orrico Filho Rômulo Dante , Hoffmann Ivone Catarina Simões , Perim Leonardo Roberto
Published: June 2019

Overweight vehicles in ornamental stone transportation reduce the lifespan of the pavement and increase accidents on Brazilian highways. This paper evaluates the relationship between different policies for the loading of ornamental stone vehicles and its externalities, such as the impact on costs with transportation, pavement maintenance and road accidents, using the System Dynamics (SD) method. The results confirm the advantages of reducing operational costs with the practice of overweight. However, as the overweight increases, the pavement maintenance and road accidents costs also increase. Therefore, the best vehicle loading policy depends on the relative importance of the economic and social costs involved.
Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions as a Challenge for Sustainable Business
Authors: Hečková Jaroslava , Štefko Róbert , Frankovský Miroslav , Birknerová Zuzana , Chapčáková Alexandra , Zbihlejová Lucia
Published: June 2019

When considering the challenges for sustainable business, companies implementing cross-border reallocation of capital by means of mergers and acquisitions should take into account the context and evaluation of attributes of their future implementation. The main aim of the paper is, therefore, to identify and specify the key attributes of sustainable cross-border mergers or acquisitions (M&As) influencing the considerations about their future implementation. On the basis of the views of managers from 120 companies (international corporations selected from the Zephyr database) located in 45 countries within the European area that had previously been the subject of a cross-border merger or acquisition, significant attributes were extracted in connection with their experience from their implementation. These attributes are taken into account when considering the implementation of a cross-border merger or acquisition in the future. A factor analysis of the data obtained allowed the extraction of three key attributes of implementation of a potential merger and acquisition process as an important tool of business sustainability—aims, concerns, and reasons. This paper further presents the basic parameters of the Attributes of Future Mergers and Acquisitions (AFM&A) methodology: eigenvalues, Cronbach’s alpha values, the percentage of the variance explained, inter-correlations of the extracted factors, and the results of an analysis of differences in the assessment of the extracted factors by managers. At the same time, no statistically significant differences were found in the assessment of the extracted merger and acquisition assessment factors. The study fills in the research gap in the area by identifying and specifying the attributes of considering the future implementation of M&A management in terms of the broader concept of this issue.
Natural Farming Improves Soil Quality and Alters Microbial Diversity in a Cabbage Field in Japan
Authors: Liao Jianli , Xu Qicong , Xu Huilian , Huang Danfeng
Published: June 2019

Natural farming (NF), an environmentally friendly agricultural practice similar to organic farming, was developed in Japan. Unlike conventional farming, little is known about the influence of NF on soil microbial communities, especially the surface soil. We therefore compared the effect of seven years’ conventional practice (CP), conventional practice without chemicals (CF), and NF on soil properties and microbial community structure at two soil depths (0–10, 10–20 cm) in an experimental cabbage field. Both soil depth and agricultural practice significantly influenced edaphic measures and microbial community structure. NF improved bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, urease activity, and nitrate reductase activity in topsoil; similar trends were observed in deeper soil. Pyrosequencing demonstrated that the use of pesticides in conventional farming (CP) led to lower microbial abundance and diversity in topsoil than CF. Similarly, NF increased microbial abundance compared to CP. However, distinct taxa were present in the topsoil, but not deeper soil, in each treatment. CP-enriched microbial genera may be related to plant pathogens (e.g., Erwinia and Brenneria) and xenobiotic degraders (e.g., Sphingobacterium and Comamonas). The microbial community structure of NF was distinct to CP/CF, with enrichment of Pedomicrobium and Solirubrobacter, which may prefer stable soil conditions. Network analysis of dominant genera confirmed the more stable, complex microbial network structure of the 0–10 cm than 10–20 cm layer. Flavisolibacter/Candidatus Solibacter and Candidatus Nitrososphaera/Leuconostoc are potentially fundamental taxa in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layer networks, respectively. Overall, we show that NF positively affects soil quality and microbial community composition within sustainable farming systems.
A Genetic XK-Means Algorithm with Empty Cluster Reassignment
Authors: Hua Chun , Li Feng , Zhang Chao , Yang Jie , Wu Wei
Published: June 2019

K-Means is a well known and widely used classical clustering algorithm. It is easy to fall into local optimum and it is sensitive to the initial choice of cluster centers. XK-Means (eXploratory K-Means) has been introduced in the literature by adding an exploratory disturbance onto the vector of cluster centers, so as to jump out of the local optimum and reduce the sensitivity to the initial centers. However, empty clusters may appear during the iteration of XK-Means, causing damage to the efficiency of the algorithm. The aim of this paper is to introduce an empty-cluster-reassignment technique and use it to modify XK-Means, resulting in an EXK-Means clustering algorithm. Furthermore, we combine the EXK-Means with genetic mechanism to form a genetic XK-Means algorithm with empty-cluster-reassignment, referred to as GEXK-Means clustering algorithm. The convergence of GEXK-Means to the global optimum is theoretically proved. Numerical experiments on a few real world clustering problems are carried out, showing the advantage of EXK-Means over XK-Means, and the advantage of GEXK-Means over EXK-Means, XK-Means, K-Means and GXK-Means (genetic XK-Means).
Best Proximity Points for Alternative Maps
Authors: Chen Yi Chou
Published: June 2019

Let ( X , d ) be a metric space and Ω i , i = 1 , 2 , … , m , be a nonempty subset of ( X , d ) . An operator T : ∪ 1 ≤ i ≤ m Ω i → ∪ 1 ≤ i ≤ m Ω i is called an alternative map if T ( Ω j ) ⊆ ∪ i ≠ j Ω i , j = 1 , 2 , … , m . In addition, if for any x, y ∈ ∪ 1 ≤ i ≤ m Ω i , there exists a constant α ∈ [ 0 , 1 ) such that d ( T x , T y ) ≤ α d ( x , y ) + ( 1 − α ) d ( Ω j , Ω k ) for some Ω j and Ω k ∈ { Ω i } i = 1 m with x ∈ Ω j and y ∈ Ω k , then we call T an alternative contraction. Moreover, if ( X , d ) has an alternative UC property and T is an alternative contraction, then the best proximity point of T exists.
Xanthium strumarium Fruit Extract Inhibits ATG4B and Diminishes the Proliferation and Metastatic Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Chang Hsueh-Wei , Liu Pei-Feng , Tsai Wei-Lun , Hu Wan-Hsiang , Hu Yu-Chang , Yang Hsiu-Chen , Lin Wei-Yu , Weng Jing-Ru , Shu Chih-Wen
Published: June 2019

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway to degrade damaged proteins and organelles for subsequent recycling in cells during times of nutrient deprivation. This process plays an important role in tumor development and progression, allowing cancer cells to survive in nutrient-poor environments. The plant kingdom provides a powerful source for new drug development to treat cancer. Several plant extracts induce autophagy in cancer cells. However, little is known about the role of plant extracts in autophagy inhibition, particularly autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. In this study, we employed S-tagged gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor associated protein like 2 (GABARAPL2) as a reporter to screen 48 plant extracts for their effects on the activity of autophagy protease ATG4B. Xanthium strumarium and Tribulus terrestris fruit extracts were validated as potential ATG4B inhibitors by another reporter substrate MAP1LC3B-PLA2. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on cellular ATG4B and autophagic flux were further confirmed. Moreover, the plant extracts significantly reduced colorectal cancer cell viability and sensitized cancer cells to starvation conditions. The fruit extract of X. strumarium consistently diminished cancer cell migration and invasion. Taken together, the results showed that the fruit of X. strumarium may have an active ingredient to inhibit ATG4B and suppress the proliferation and metastatic characteristics of colorectal cancer cells.
Production of Human IFNγ Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana Plant through an Enhanced Expression System Based on Bamboo mosaic Virus
Authors: Jiang Min-Chao , Hu Chung-Chi , Lin Na-Sheng , Hsu Yau-Heiu
Published: June 2019

Plant-based systems are safe alternatives to the current platforms for the production of biologically active therapeutic proteins. However, plant-based expression systems face certain major challenges, including the relatively low productivity and the generation of target proteins in biologically active forms. The use of plant virus-based expression systems has been shown to enhance yields, but further improvement is still required to lower the production cost. In this study, various strategies were employed to increase the yields of an important therapeutic protein, human interferon gamma (IFNγ), in Nicotiana benthamiana through modifications of expression vectors based on potexviruses. Among these, the vector based on a coat protein (CP)-deficient Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV), pKB△CHis, was shown to exhibit the highest expression level for the unmodified IFNγ. Truncation of the N-terminal signal peptide of IFN (designated mIFNγ) resulted in a nearly seven-fold increase in yield. Co-expression of a silencing suppressor protein by replacing the coding sequence of BaMV movement protein with that of P19 led to a 40% increase in mIFNγ accumulation. The fusion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal with mIFNγ significantly enhanced the accumulation ratio of biologically active dimeric mIFNγ to 87% relative to the non-active monomeric form. The construct pKB19mIFNγER, employing the combination of all the above enhancement strategies, gave the highest level of protein accumulation, up to 119 ± 0.8 μg/g fresh weight, accounting for 2.5% of total soluble protein (TSP) content. These findings advocate the application of the modified BaMV-based vector as a platform for high-level expression of therapeutic protein in N. benthamiana.
Water Use Effectiveness Is Enhanced Using Film Mulch Through Increasing Transpiration and Decreasing Evapotranspiration
Authors: Shen Qianxi , Ding Risheng , Du Taisheng , Tong Ling , Li Sien
Published: June 2019

Water shortage is a main limitation of crop growth and yield in drought northwest China, which is an important area of seed maize growth. Plastic film mulch is widely adopted to reduce soil evaporation (E) and conserve water resources, which changes evapotranspiration (ET) and its components, E and transpiration (Tr) and crop growth. The AquaCrop model, one of widely used crop models powered by water, can well simulate crop ET components and growth. However, there are few studies that examine ET partitioning and growth with and without plastic film mulch. The calibrated AquaCrop model was used to partition ET and simulate growth of seed maize with and without plastic film mulch in a drought region of northwest China in 2014 and 2015. The AquaCrop model can well simulate canopy cover curve (CC), and the dynamic and accumulated courses of ET and ET components. Plastic film mulch could advance the growth stage of seed maize and reduce seasoned ET. The initial stage with plastic film mulch was 37–42 days, while it was 46–48 days for no-mulch. Plastic film mulch increased Tr by 14.16% and 14.48% and significantly decreased E by 57.25% and 34.28% in 2014 and 2015, respectively, resulting in the reduction of seasonal total ET. Plastic film mulch increased averaged mid-season crop coefficient for transpiration (Kc Tr) by 0.88% and decreased soil evaporation coefficient (Ke) by 62.50%. Collectively, the results suggest that, in comparison with no-mulch, plastic film mulch advanced crop growth, and decreased total ET and increased Tr related with crop production, i.e., improve water use effectiveness.
Using Random Forest Classification and Nationally Available Geospatial Data to Screen for Wetlands over Large Geographic Regions
Authors: Felton Benjamin R. , O’Neil Gina L. , Robertson Mary-Michael , Fitch G. Michael , Goodall Jonathan L.
Published: June 2019

Wetland impact assessments are an integral part of infrastructure projects aimed at protecting the important services wetlands provide for water resources and ecosystems. However, wetland surveys with the level of accuracy required by federal regulators can be time-consuming and costly. Streamlining this process by using already available geospatial data and classification algorithms to target more detailed wetland mapping efforts may support environmental planning efforts. The objective of this study was to create and test a methodology that could be applied nationally, leveraging existing data to quickly and inexpensively screen for potential wetlands over large geographic regions. An automated workflow implementing the methodology for a case study region in the coastal plain of Virginia is presented. When compared to verified wetlands mapped by experts, the methodology resulted in a much lower false negative rate of 22.6% compared to the National Wetland Inventory (NWI) false negative rate of 69.3%. However, because the methodology was designed as a screening approach, it did result in a slight decrease in overall classification accuracy compared to the NWI from 80.5% to 76.1%. Given the considerable decrease in wetland omission while maintaining comparable overall accuracy, the methodology shows potential as a wetland screening tool for targeting more detailed and costly wetland mapping efforts.
Analysis of Environmental Factors Associated with Cyanobacterial Dominance after River Weir Installation
Authors: Kim Sungjin , Chung Sewoong , Park Hyungseok , Cho Youngcheol , Lee Heesuk
Published: June 2019

Following the installation of 16 weirs in South Korea’s major rivers through the Four Rivers Project (2010–2012), the water residence time increased significantly. Accordingly, cyanobacterial blooms have occurred frequently, raising concerns regarding water use and the aquatic ecosystem health. This study analyzed the environmental factors associated with cyanobacterial dominance at four weirs on the Nakdong River through field measurements, and parametric and non-parametric data mining methods. The environmental factors related to cyanobacterial dominance were the seven-day cumulative rainfall (APRCP7), seven-day averaged flow (Q7day), water temperature (Temp), stratification strength (ΔT), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and NO3–N, NH3–N, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), PO4–P, chlorophyll–a, Fe, total organic carbon (TOC), and SiO2 content, along with biological and chemical oxygen demands. The results indicate that site-specific environmental factors contributed to the cyanobacterial dominance for each weir. In general, the physical characteristics of EC, APRCP7, Q7day, Temp, and ΔT were the most important factors influencing cyanobacterial dominance. The EC was strongly associated with cyanobacterial dominance at the weirs because high EC indicated persistent low flow conditions. A minor correlation was obtained between nutrients and cyanobacterial dominance in all but one of the weirs. The results provide valuable information regarding the effective countermeasures against cyanobacterial overgrowth in rivers.
Internationalisation of Higher Education in Europe - Book review
Authors: Naimushin Boris
Published: June 2019

Book Review
Book Details:
Title: The Internationalisation of Higher Education in Europe
Author: Elena Blagoeva-Hazarbasanova
Publisher: New Bulgarian University, 160 pages
ISBN: 9789545357954
Cristallochimie des sulfates hydratés de terres rares : structure cristalline de sulfate de cérium III tétrahydraté Ce (SO4)3, 4H2O
Authors: Dereigne André , Manoli Jean-Marie , Pannetier Guy , Herpin Paulette
Published: June 2019

La diffraction X sur monocristal montre que le sulfate de cérium tétrahydraté Ce₂ (SO₄)₃, 4H₂O est monoclinique (groupe spatial P2₁/c). Les paramètres a = 13,390 ± 0,002 Å, b = 7,247 ± 0,001 Å, c = 18,328 ± 0,002 Å, β = 134,20 ± 0,01° impliquent l'existence de quatre groupements formulaires par maille. Les fonctions de Patterson et les séries de Fourier tridimensionnelles ont permis la détermination de la structure. Tous les atomes sont en position générale (4 e) . Chaque atome de cérium admet une coordinence 9 (prisme trigonal déformé avec trois coordinats supplémentaires). Un schéma de liaisons par pont hydrogène est proposé pour les molécules d'eau.
Contribution à l'étude de l'eau adsorbée entre les feuillets d'une fluoromontmorillonite de synthèse
Authors: Hecht Anne-Marie , Geissler E.
Published: June 2019

Une fluoromontmorillonite de synthèse de formule Mg₅,₁ Na₀,₇ Si₈ F₄ O₂₀ Na₁,₁ contenant moins de 0,001 % d'impuretés paramagnétiques a été étudiée. Cet échantillon a la propriété d'adsorber soit une, soit deux couches monomoléculaires d'eau lorsque l'humidité relative varie de 0 à 1. Les propriétés du milieu aqueux bidimensionnel, ainsi défini, ont été mises en évidence en fonction de la température par résonance magnétique nucléaire (R. M. N.) des protons. À T < 200° K, un fort pourcentage des molécules H₂O est ionisé sous la forme H₃O⁺ et HO⁻. Aux températures T > 200° K, des mouvements de rotations moléculaires sont observés et définis. On relève un effet de vieillissement à partir des mesures des temps de corrélation des mouvements des molécules d'eau.

L'échange de D₂O par H₂O à 300° K permet de donner une valeur D ≃ 10⁻¹⁴ cm² • s⁻¹ au coefficient de diffusion des molécules H₂O. Une analyse des propriétés thermodynamiques de l'adsorption d'eau interfeuillets a également été effectuée par l'étude d'une isotherme de la quantité d'eau adsorbée à 298° K. Pour chaque couche, en première approximation, la surface d'adsorption peut être considérée comme homogène. L'énergie d'adsorption des molécules de l'hydrate à une couche est d'environ 15 kcal • mole⁻¹ principalement conditionnée par les cations échangeables. L'énergie d'adsorption de l'hydrate à deux couches est de 7 kcal • mole⁻¹.
Les assemblages pyrrhotite˗blende du gisement plombo˗zincifère de Pierrefitte (Hautes-Pyrénées)
Authors: Besson Maurice
Published: June 2019

Les blendes et les pyrrhotites de plusieurs échantillons en provenance du gisement de Pierrefitte où ces minéraux sont associés sur sections polies ont été analysées, à la microsonde pour les blendes, en diffractométrie pour les pyrrhotites. Les conditions de figement de ces assemblages sont discutées à la lumière de résultats expérimentaux récents concernant le système Fe˗Zn˗S. Les assemblages pyrite˗blende, rares, peuvent correspondre dans ce gisement à des manifestations épigénétiques.
Une typologie originale du zircon accessoire
Authors: Pupin Jean-Pierre , Turco Guy
Published: June 2019

Les auteurs présentent une méthode d'étude statistique nouvelle des populations de zircon accessoire des roches endogènes ; cette méthode est basée sur la typologie des cristaux automorphes et subautomorphes. Les auteurs considèrent 194 types et sous˗types, observés ou théoriques, en fonction de la combinaison et du développement relatif des faces prismatiques et pyramidales. Une grille permet une représentation simple et précise des résultats.
Une nouvelle espèce minérale : la méta-lodèvite (arséniate hydraté d'uranium et de zinc)
Authors: Agrinier Henri , Chantret Francis , Geffroy Jacques , Héry B. , Bachet Bernard , Vachey Hélène
Published: June 2019

La méta-lodèvite Zn(UO₂)₂ (As O₄)₂, 8˗12 H₂O a été trouvée dans le bassin permien de Lodève (Hérault). Les cristaux sont tabulaires et aplatis suivant l'axe c. La méta-lodèvite appartient au système quadratique et a pour paramètres : a = b = 7,16 Å ; c = 17,20 Å. Groupe spatial P4₂/m. Densité calculée : 4,00. Ce minéral a un comportement optique anormal, il est biaxe négatif avec 2 V variant de 27 à 37°. Les valeurs des indices sont : ng = 1,635 à 1,640 ± 0,002, nm = 1,635 ± 0,002, np = 1,615 ± 0,005.

La composition chimique est la suivante :

UO₂ : 54,44 % ; As₂O₅ : 20,64 % ; ZnO : 6,47 % H₂O : 17,06 %.

A notre connaissance, c'est la première espèce uranifère où le zinc est un constituant majeur. Le nom de méta-lodèvite est donné pour rappeler celui de la ville la plus proche du gisement.
L'irhtemite, un nouvel arséniate hydraté de calcium et de magnésium
Authors: Pierrot Roland , Schubnel Henri-Jean
Published: June 2019

L'irhtemite Ca₄MgH₂ (AsO₄)₄, a été trouvée à Irhtem et à Bou Azzer (Maroc). Monoclinique avec a = 16,73, b = 9,48, c = 10,84 Å ; β = 97° 15' ; les raies les plus intenses du diagramme de poudre sont : 2,97 (10), 2,82 (9), 3,24 (9), 5,08 (4), 3,68 (4) Å. Elle se présente en sphérolites de 0,5 à 1 mm de diamètre ; blanc poudreux ou incolore et transparent. Biaxe positif, extinction oblique à 25°, np = 1,634, n'g = 1,642 ; dmes. = 3,09 ; dx = 3,15 ; analyse chimique : As₂O₅ = 55,5, CaO = 28,2, MgO = 4,4, H₂O = 11,5 (total 99,6). La synthèse a été réalisée par déshydratation partielle de la picropharmacolite et par hydrolyses d'arseniates basiques de Ca et Mg. Les conditions de formation de l'irhtemite sont discutées. Nommé d'après le gisement original.
La kanemite, nouveau silicate de sodium hydraté de néoformation
Authors: Johan Zdenek , Maglione Gilbert
Published: June 2019

Kanemite, NaH [Si₂O₄ (OH)₂] • 2H₂O, was found, associated with trona and gaylussite in the interdunary depression of Andjia, on the northeastern edge of Chad Lake. Orthorhombic, D [2h] ⁷˗Pnmb, a₀ = 7.282, b₀ = 20.507, c₀ = 4.956 Å ; V = 740 Å³ ; Z = 4 ; ρcalc. = 1.933. Strongest lines of the X-ray powder pattern are : 10.3 (10), 4.014 (10), 3.435 (9) ; 3.162 (7), 3.093 (7), 2.480 (8) Å. Biaxial (— ), 2 V = 46°, ng = 1.478 (c), nm = 1.470 (a), np = 1.451 (b) ; dispersion r > v. White spherolites and platy crystals with (010) ; cleavage (010) perfect, (100) good ; hardness 4 ; ρmeas. = 1.926. Chemical composition : SiO₂ = 56.68, Al₂O₃ = 0.40, CaO = 0.20, Na₂O = 13.25, K₂O = 0,10, H₂O (> 280°) = 4.25, H₂O (170°-280°) = 8.45, H₂O (170°) = 16.30, total = 99.63. Differential thermal analysis shows sharp endothermic peaks at 160°, 220°, 600° C and a broad exothermic peak at 655° C. The products of dehydration have been studied. IR spectrum shows absorption bands at 3570, 3445, 1667, 1475, 1170, 1046, 900, 850, 774, 681, 609, 659 and 456 cm⁻¹. The name is taken from Kanem, the region where the salina is located.
La gabbro orbiculaire des Alharisses (massif de Néouvielle, Pyrénées françaises)
Authors: Barrière Michel
Published: June 2019

An orbicular gabbro outcrops for fifty meters along the south-east margin of a well delimited granodioritic body ; it is the most basic, the earliest, and the most external expression of several magmatic events, gabbroic to tonalitic, which preceded the intrusion of the granodiorite. The tonalite shows several thin sinuous light bands of alternate layers of bytownite in sheaves and prismatic hornblende. The spheroids, with a diameter of 12 to 30 cm, are made up of a gabbroic core and a radiated shell with sheaves of plagioclase and prismatic hornblende. The cores result from the breaking up of the first magmatic intrusion. The growth of the shells and of the sinuous light bands corresponds to the rapid crystallization of supersaturated magmatic upwellings on inert supports, e. g. nucleii or walls, where the nucleation starts. An hydrothermal alteration affects the marginal basic rocks without deleting the original textures.
Substitution of Cu by Zn, Fe and Ag in synthetic tetrahedrite, Cu12Sb4S13
Authors: Hall Allan James
Published: June 2019

La formule générale des tétraédrites naturelles est (Cu, Ag)₁₀(Zn, Fe, Cu)₂ Sb₄S₁₃. La synthèse des tétraédrites substituées a été entreprise dans le but de confirmer cette formule générale et d'établir un rapport entre leur composition chimique et leurs propriétés physiques.

On a observé, au cours d'expériences sur le système Cu˗Sb˗S, des tétraédrites non˗stœchiométriques, avec des polymorphes cubiques de haute et basse température, mais aussi une tétraédrite ' normale ' identifiée, Cu₁₂ Sb₄S₁₃, a = 10,319 ± 0,001 Å et microdureté Vickers = 260 kg/mm² (100 p).

La substitution de Cu par Zn, Fe, ou Ag s'est traduite par la même augmentation de la maille de la tétraédrite (+ 0,0093 Å/1,0 at. % de Cu substitué). La substitution par Zn ou Fe a provoqué la même augmentation de la microdureté Vickers de la tétraédrite (+ 20 V. H. N./1,0 at. % de Cu substitué) alors que la substitution par Ag s'est traduite par sa diminution. La tétraédrite substituée Cu₁₀ (Zn, Fe)₂ Sb₄S₁₃ a pour valeurs calculées a = 10,383 ± 0,001 Å et V. H. N. = 390 kg/mm² (100 p).

On observe que la limite de la substitution de Zn et Fe est conforme à celle de la formule générale. La substitution de Ag dépend de la température, et le refroidissement de l'Ag˗tétraédrite donne un mélange pseudomorphique de stibioluzonite (Cu₃SbS₄) et (Cu, Ag)₃ SbS₃.

La discussion générale porte sur les rapports entre la substitution et la liaison chimique dans la tétraédrite ainsi que sur l'application éventuelle des résultats à l'identification de hautes teneurs en argent dans les tétraédrites naturelles.
Une explication de la biréfringence anormalement faible de l'aragonite du cortex des oolithes marines
Authors: Loreau Jean-Paul
Published: June 2019

La biréfringence anormalement faible (0,030 au lieu de 0,155) du cortex aragonitique des oolithes peut être expliquée en tenant compte :

— du rapport des épaisseurs de vide et d'aragonite traversées par les rayons lumineux ;

— de l'orientation imparfaite des axes optiques des nanocristaux par rapport à la direction de la tangente aux couches corticales impliquant la prise en considération d'une nouvelle indicatrice statistique (en forme de pomme) ;

— mais également de l'orientation au hasard de ces axes optiques dans le plan statistiquement tangent aux couches et perpendiculaire à la lame mince.
La stumpflite, Pt (Sb, Bi), un nouveau minéral
Authors: Johan Zdenek , Picot Paul
Published: June 2019

La stumpflite, Pt (Sb, Bi) fut trouvée dans des concentrés platinifères provenant de Driekop au Transvaal. Hexagonale (structure type nickéline) : a₀ = 4.175, c₀ = 5,504 Å, c/a = 1,318, V = 83,1 Å³, Z = 2 , dₓ = 13,52. Composition chimique (microsonde électronique) : Pt : 57,0, Sb : 26,1, Bi : 16,3, total : 99,4. Les raies les plus intenses du diagramme de poudre sont : 3,618 (6), 3,027 (10), 2,192 (10), 2,088 (8), 1,512 (5), 1,149 (5) Å. En lumière réfléchie, elle est crème, à pouvoir réflecteur élevé : 49,3-45,9 (4 200), 59,5-56,6 (5 000), 66,7-62,1 (6 000), 70,7-65,1 (7 000) Å. Anisotropie franche. Microdureté Vickers : 385 kg/mm². Nommée en l'honneur de E. F. Stumpfl.
Le Nôtre et le décor sculpté des jardins : Fontainebleau, Vaux-le-Vicomte et Versailles au XVIIe siècle
Authors: Moulin Jacques
Published: June 2019

Le Nôtre und der Skulpturenschmuck in den Gärten von Fontainebleau, Vaux-le-Vicomte und Versailles im 17. Jh

In Frankreich entstand die Gartenplastik zunächst in Verbindung mit den Brunnen. Diese Verknüpfung bestand noch lange nach dem Mittelalter und gipfelte in den Projekten des Charles Le Brun für die Gärten von Versailles. Nach dem Beispiel von Fontainebleau, wo seit Mitte des 16. Jhs. zum ersten Mal Skulpturen eigenständig auftraten, begann man in den Jahren 1620/ 1630 Skulpturen vereinzelt in Gärten aufzustellen. In diesem Zusammenhang macht uns die Wiederentdeckung der Gärten von Vaux-le-Vicomte wo fast 100 Skulpturen aufgestellt werden sollten, bewusst, wie neu die Aussagekraft dieses Phänomens zu Anfang der Herrschaft Ludwigs XIV. war. Sie zeigt uns weiterhin, welche Bedeutung Skulpturen und ihre Rolle bei der Gartengestaltung für André Le Nôtre besaßen. Bei seiner ersten Tätigkeit in Versailles gab diese Rolle den Ausschlag, trat in der Folge jedoch in den Hintergrund, wahrscheinlich unter dem Einfluss von Charles Le Brun. Sie kam erst 1683 wieder auf, nach dem Misslingen der ersten Wasserbeckenanlage, wurde dann aber eines der charakteristischen Merkmale der Gärten, die fortan «à la française » bezeichnet wurden.
L’abbatiale carolingienne de Saint-Philbert-de-Grandlieu. Le chevet et ses aménagements
Authors: Héber-Suffrin François , Prigent Daniel , Sapin Christian
Published: June 2019

The Carolingian abbatial church of Saint-Philbert-de-Grandlieu. The chevet and its reworkings

At the end of the nineteenth century, when the question arose as to whether to restore the abbey church of Saint-Philbert-de-Grandlieu, it was decided to build a new parish church and to convert the old building into a covered market. At the time, Léon Maître, archivist for the lower Loire valley, studied the monument, which he dated to the Carolingian period on the basis of a text written in the ninth century by the monk Ermentaire recounting the transfer in 836 of the relics of St Philibert from Herio (Noirmoutier) to Deas (Saint-Philbert-de-Grandlieu), because of the Viking threat. In the Miracula Ermentaire briefly describes the placement of the sarcophagus in the transept of the abbey and the partial reconstruction of the chevet. The excavations made by Père de la Croix indicated the structure of the monument, but some of his interpretations were immediately contested, notably by Léon Maître and Robert de Lasteyrie. In 1960, Pierre Lebouteux made a close analysis of the masonry, but could not arrive at a conclusion concerning the structure and date of the building without further excavations. On the basis of soundings and a new reading of the construction in 1997, the chevet of the abbey church was attributed without any doubt to the Carolingian period. The nave, rebuilt in the eleventh century, preserves only a few earlier elements. Two Carolingian phases came to light. The first, probably in the early ninth century, concerns the transept and foundation works discovered in the excavations, which revealed a polygonal apse, enveloped by a narrow corridor for circulation that led to a small rectangular eastern oratory. In the second phase, after 836 and before 858 (abandonment of Deas), the chevet was enlarged, with a deep semicircular apse, on a raised platform ; underneath was a confessional crypt with the sarcophagus of Saint Philibert and a small cruciform oratory, all of which are preserved in large part. On the periphery was built an important exterior crypt with three chapels at the east end. Radio-carbon dating, analysis of architectural terracottas, archaeomagnetic and thermoluminescent datings all confirm an attribution to the Carolingian period for the two phases.
Jürgen Michler (1936-2015) et Chartres
Authors: Kurmann Peter
Published: June 2019

Le nom de Jürgen Michler restera lié à jamais à la cathédrale de Chartres. Cet historien de l’art allemand, l’un des premiers à se consacrer à l’étude de la polychromie architecturale des monuments du Moyen Âge, a reconstitué l’état d’origine de l’intérieur de la cathédrale de Chartres dans un article devenu célèbre, paru en 1989 dans le Bulletin Monumental. Les résultats de la recherche de Michler justifient les travaux actuellement en cours qui dégagent et comblent les lacunes de la polychromie du XIIIe siècle à l’intérieur de la cathédrale de Chartres. Malheureusement, il a été impossible à Jürgen Michler d’admirer la réalisation de ces travaux basés sur ses propres recherches avant que la mort ne le surprenne au printemps dernier.
Industrialisation et main-d'œuvre • Le recrutement italien à Soumont avant 1914
Authors: Leménorel Alain
Published: June 2019

Una certa ripugnanza del Normanno di Bassa Normandia per l'industria e un maltusianesimo demografico régionale di rilievo, tali sono le ragioni che obbligano le società minerarie del Calvados a «importare il muscolo » sia dal resto délia Francia, sia dalTEstero. Il présente studio sviluppa il caso délia società di Soumont che, per quanto riguardo le condizioni di sfruttamento particolari -quali la durezza délia roccia e la recente messa in valore -ma pure dalla sua apparteneza al capitalista tedesco Thyssen, è portato a definire, già prima del 1914, una reale e originale politica di reclutamento. Tuttavia, dai due esperimenti tentati, il primo nel mezzogiorno délia Francia, il secondo direttamente in Italia, la società di Soumont ottiene solo risultati deboli : uno illude con l'incapacità del personale che assume, l'altro speranzoso, viene troncato dalla guerra.
Paysages normands dans l'œuvre de Flaubert et Maupassant
Authors: Boullard Bernard
Published: June 2019

Selected extracts from the works of Flaubert and Maupassant dealing with landscapes of Normandy show evidence of the literary talents of the authors for observation in a kind of naturalistic orientation.
Place de la flore dans les oeuvres de Barbey d'Aurevilly
Authors: Boullard Bernard
Published: June 2019

A la faveur d'extraits choisis de l'oeuvre de Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, entrecoupés par des commentaires personnels, l'auteur s'est proposé de mettre en évidence la permanente présence du Règne Végétal dans les oeuvres de cet écrivain normand.
Les gîtes ruraux en Basse-Normandie
Authors: Mutter Colette
Published: June 2019

La Normandie dispose d'un patrimoine de maisons rurales très varié et de bonne qualité. La région est la première en France pour le nombre de chambres d'hôtes. Il reste d'importantes possibilités de développement compte tenu de la demande des agriculteurs et des souhaits des touristes, britanniques en particulier.
Les hébergements touristiques en milieu rural dans la Seine-Maritime
Authors: Barabé Pascal
Published: June 2019

Il existe en Seine-Maritime des potentialités considérables pour le développement du tourisme "vert". Celles-ci sont toutefois loin d'être mises en valeur comme elles le pourraient, en raison de l'insuffisance des hébergements. La petite hôtellerie, trop peu présente, éprouve des difficultés pour se maintenir. Les gîtes ruraux et les chambres d'hôtes ont connu un fort développement récent, mais le retard est loin d'être comblé. Le camping et les résidences secondaires constituent les formes privilégiées d'hébergement, mais leur répartition essentiellement littorale est mal faite pour répondre au besoin du développement touristique de l'arrière-pays. En dehors du littoral, la capacité d'accueil n'est réellement étoffée, que dans la vallée de la Bresle, le Pays de Bray et le Parc naturel régional de Brotonne. Le sous-équipement du Pays de Caux est flagrant. Pourtant, les touristes qui font étape ou séjournent dans le département, pour un tiers des étrangers, en ont une image plutôt favorable. L'avenir du tourisme rural en Seine-Maritime réside dans le maintien et l'amélioration des équipements actuels et dans l'élaboration de produits destinés à satisfaire les goûts nouveaux de la clientèle.
L'évolution récente de l'agriculture en Haute-Normandie. Une typologie cantonale
Authors: Fruit Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2019

L'agriculture de la Haute-Normandie est de moins en moins "normande", si l'on entend par là l'importance de l'utilisation herbagère du sol et la prédominance de l'élevage bovin. La parité actuelle entre culture et élevage se fonde sur une ancienne "mixité" de l'agriculture régionale, mais elle résulte surtout d'une évolution qui s'est précipitée depuis dix à quinze ans. L'élevage bovin, notamment laitier, régresse, ainsi que les superficies qui lui sont consacrées. Ce recul est général, mais inégalement fort dans l'espace. L'agriculture tend à perdre ses caractères "normands" là où ils sont les plus affirmés. Dans les pôles herbagers, les conditions naturelles ne laissent guère d'autres choix qu'une conversion de l'élevage bovin laitier vers l'élevage bovin pour la viande. En revanche, dans les pays d'agriculture mixte, comme le Pays de Caux, l'élevage bovin recule dans son ensemble au profit des céréales, des cultures industrielles et des protéagineux. Ces transformations ne sont pas sans risque pour la qualité des paysages et l'équilibre du milieu naturel.
Réalité et diffusion de la friche dans le Pays d'Auge
Authors: Calmès Roger , Fer Nathalie , Poussard Anne
Published: June 2019

In the middle of the eighties it was expected a considerable extension of fallow land particularly in marginal areas like Pays d'Auge. Careful analysis of datas of several communes of this region. Show that the extension of fallow was not so important as expected or feared. But it is a very complex phenomenon not specifically linked with the decline of agriculture. It is the evidence of general socio economic change (tourism, rurban development) in marginal areas.
Stadlerova upornost u promicanju jedinstva. Stadlerova skica jedinstva u povodu 100. obljetnice njegove smrti
Authors: Ikić Niko
Published: June 2019

U povodu stote obljetnice Stadlerove smrti (†1918.) autor se osvrće na ekumenski odnos prema pravoslavnima prvoga vrhbosanskog nadbiskupa. Autor uočava u njegovu vremenu mnoge vjetrove u prsa a ne u leđa, mnoge procese protivne radu, a ne u prilog njemu oko jedinstva Crkve, posebno u
složenim crkvenim, nacionalnim i kulturnim prilikama u Bosni pri kraju 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća. Autor zapaža i ukazuje na veliku Stadlerovu
upornost oko promicanja jedinstva Crkve i dokazuje njegova dva prilično
različita pristupa istom pitanju. Prvi je tradicionalni skolastičko tridentski pristup do svoga imenovanja vrhbosanskim nadbiskupom i apostolskim promicateljem rada oko jedinstva Crkve, te drugi poslije svoga dolaska u Bosnu na zasadama ćirilo-metodske baštine. Povezano s drugim pristupom neki su Stadleru imputirali nijekanje vlastitoga crkvenog i nacionalnog identiteta, što autor pak argumentirano opovrgava.
ENDOTHELIAL LIPASE AS NEW DIAGNOSTIC MARKER OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS (review)
Authors: Bashkirova A.
Published: June 2019

ENDOTHELIAL LIPASE AS NEW DIAGNOSTIC MARKER OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS (review)Bashkirova A.DNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease  (NAFLD) and hypertension are among the most common diseases in the world. One of the negative factors  contributing to the formation of cardiovascular risk in patients with NAFLD affected with hypertension is the low level of HDL cholesterol in which metabolism endothelial lipase (EL) plays a leading role. Therefore, it is very relevant and expedient to study the various aspects of the use of EL to diagnose NAFLD and determe treatment strategy in patients with NAFLD and hypertension.Key words: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, hypertension, endothelial lipase, lipid metabolism, overweight. ЕНДОТЕЛІАЛЬНА ЛІПАЗА ЯК НОВИЙ ДІАГНОСТИЧНИЙ МАРКЕР НЕАЛКОГОЛЬНИЙ ЖИРОВОЇ ХВОРОБИ ПЕЧІНКИ (НАЖХП) У ОСІБ З ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЄЮ (огляд)Башкірова А.Д.НАЖХП і гіпертонічна хвороба є одними з найпоширеніших хвороб у світі. Одним з несприятливих факторів, що сприяють формуванню кардіоваскулярного ризику у пацієнтів з НАЖБП на тлі гіпертонічної хвороби, є низький рівень холестерину ЛПВЩ, в метаболізмі якого грає провідну роль активність ендотеліальної ліпази. Тому досить актуальним і доцільним є вивчення різних аспектів використання ЕЛ для діагностики НАЖБП з подальшим визначенням лікувальної тактики у хворих НАЖХП на тлі ГХ.Ключові слова: неалкогольна жирова хвороба печінки, неалкогольний стеатогепатит, гіпертонічна хвороба, ендотеліальналіпаза, ліпіднийобмін, надлишковамасатіла . ЭНДОТЕЛИАЛЬНАЯ ЛИПАЗА КАК НОВЫЙ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЙ МАРКЕР НЕАЛКОГОЛЬНОЙ ЖИРОВОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ПЕЧЕНИ (НАЖБП)У ЛИЦ С ГИПЕРТЕНЗИЕЙ (обзор)Башкирова А.Д.НАЖБП и гипертоническая болезнь являются одними из самых распространенных болезней в мире. Одним из неблагоприятных факторов, способствующих формированию кардиоваскулярного риска у пациентов с НАЖБП на фоне гипертонической болезни, является низкий уровень холестерина ЛПВП, в метаболизме которого играет ведущую роль активность эндотелиальной липазы. Поэтому весьма актуальным и целесообразным является изучение различных аспектов использования ЭЛ для диагностики НАЖБП с последующим определением лечебной тактики у больных НАЖБП на фоне ГБ. Ключевые слова: неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени, неалкогольный стеатогепатит, гипертоническая болезнь, эндотелиальная липаза, липидный обмен, избыточная масса тела.