bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hybrid machine learning model for in-process estimation of printing distance in laser Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Ribeiro Kandice S. B. , Núñez Henrique H. L. , Venter Giuliana S. , Doude Haley R. , Coelho Reginaldo T.
Published: June 2023

There are several parameters that highly influence material quality and printed shape in laser Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) operations. These parameters are usually defined for an optimal combination of energy input (laser power, scanning speed) and material feed rate, providing ideal bead geometry and layer height to the printing setup. However, during printing, layer height can vary. Such variation affects the upcoming layers by changing the printing distance, inducing printing to occur in a defocus zone then cumulatively increasing shape deviation. In order to address such issue, this paper proposes a novel intelligent hybrid method for in-process estimating the printing distance ($$Z_s$$

Z
s

) from melt pool images acquired during L-DED. The proposed hybrid method uses transfer learning to combine pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) for an accurate yet computationally fast methodology. A dataset with 2,700 melt pool images was generated from the deposition of lines, at 60 different values of $$Z_s$$

Z
s

, and used for training. The best hybrid algorithm trained performed with a Mean Average Error (MAE) of 0.266 and a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of $$6.7\%$$

6.7
%

. The deployment of this algorithm in an application dataset allowed the printing distance to be estimated and the final part geometry to be inferred from the data.
Testing heterogeneity in quantile regression: a multigroup approach
Authors: Davino Cristina , Lamberti Giuseppe , Vistocco Domenico
Published: June 2023

The paper aims to introduce a multigroup approach to assess group effects in quantile regression. The procedure estimates the same regression model at different quantiles, and for different groups of observations. Such groups are defined by the levels of one or more stratification variables. The proposed approach exploits a computational procedure to test group effects. In particular, a bootstrap parametric test and a permutation test are compared through artificial data taking into account different sample sizes, and comparing their performance in detecting low, medium, and high differences among coefficients pertaining different groups. An empirical analysis on MOOC students’ performance is used to show the proposal in action. The effect of the two main drivers impacting on performance, learning and engagement, is explored at different conditional quantiles, and comparing self-paced courses with instructor-paced courses, offered on the EdX platform.
Hedging against inflation: housing versus equity
Authors: Fehrle Daniel
Published: June 2023

To which extent do equity and housing hedge against inflation? Despite the extensive literature, there is only little consensus. This paper presents evidence on this question from the Jordà–Schularick–Taylor Macrohistory Database covering 16 countries from 1870 to 2020. The results depend on the time horizon and period considered. Within a 1-, 5-, and 10-year horizon, housing at least partially hedges against inflation. The nominal return–inflation relation is higher in the post-war period. In the long run, housing hedges excessively in the whole sample and perfectly in the post-war period. Equity provides no hedge within 1 year in the entire period, and the returns tend to decrease with inflation in the post-war period. The hedge improves slightly with a longer time horizon and is perfect in the long run in the post-war period. Thus, housing is at least weakly superior in hedging against inflation. The results are robust to a non-housing consumption price index and an asset price appreciation approach.
Histamine H1- and H4-receptor expression in human colon-derived cell lines
Authors: Schrammel Jasper Carsten , König Martin , Frommer Miriam , Andersen Kaya Saskia , Kirsten Marla , Seifert Roland , Neumann Detlef , Schirmer Bastian
Published: June 2023

In previous studies, we demonstrated the involvement of H4R in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBD-associated colon cancer in mice and could ascribe H4R-mediated histamine function to colon epithelial cells. The transferability of obtained data to humans is however lacking. Functional expression of H4R on colon epithelial cells is a prerequisite to pursue the hypothesis of involvement of H4R in carcinogenesis. Thus, we here compared the expression of histamine receptor subtypes in a series of cell lines. Out of these, three colon-derived cell lines displaying different combinations of H1R and H4R expression were submitted to functional analyses. Human hematopoietic HMC-1, HL-60, and U937, lung-derived A549 and Calu-3, and colorectal LoVo, SW 480, Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT116 cells were included in the study. mRNA expression was quantified by RT-qPCR. For functional analyses, Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT116 cells were treated by incubation with 1 – 10 µM histamine in the presence or absence of selective histamine receptor antagonists. Calcium mobilization, cAMP accumulation, and cell proliferation were measured by fluorimetry, mass spectrometry, and real-time bioimpedance measurements, respectively. Histamine receptor expression was heterogeneous in the cell lines tested. In most cell lines, we detected H1R mRNA while H4R mRNAs were found only occasionally. The colon-derived epithelial cell lines LoVo, SW480, and HT-29 expressed H1R mRNA exclusively, while in HCT116 cells H1R and H4R mRNAs and in CaCo-2 H2R mRNA were detectable. Subsequent functional analyses in HT29, Caco-2, and HCT116 cells, however, indicated that only HT-29 responded to histamine stimulation, by means of H1R. For a detailed analysis of histamine receptor function, esp. that of H1R and H4R, in human colon-derived cell lines, the cell lines tested here are not fully convenient unless genetically modified.
Full Solution of the Factoriality Question for q-Araki-Woods von Neumann Algebras Via Conjugate Variables
Authors: Kumar Manish , Skalski Adam , Wasilewski Mateusz
Published: June 2023

We establish factoriality of q-Araki-Woods von Neumann algebras (with the number of generators at least two) in full generality, exploiting the approach via conjugate variables developed recently in the tracial case by Akihiro Miyagawa and Roland Speicher, and abstract results of Brent Nelson. We also establish non-injectivity and determine the type of the factors in question. The factors are solid and full when the number of generators is finite.
Unbiased chemokine receptor screening reveals similar efficacy of lymph node- and tumor-targeted T cell immunotherapy
Authors: Pachmayr Ludwig O. , Muehlbauer Anton , Flommersfeld Sophie , Graml Franziska , Hoenninger Julian , von Baumgarten Louisa , Buchholz Veit R. , Grassmann Simon
Published: June 2023

Localization is a crucial prerequisite for immune cell function and solid tumors evade immune control by modulating immune cell infiltration into the tumor stroma. Immunosuppressive cells like regulatory T cells are attracted, while cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are excluded. Engineering CD8+ T cells with chemokine receptors is a potent strategy to turn this mechanism of directed immune cell recruitment against the tumor. Here, we utilized fluorescent tagging to track the migratory behavior of tumor-specific T cells engineered with a library of all murine chemokine receptors in vivo. We then asked whether chemokine receptor-mediated redirection of antigen-specific T cells into tumors or tumor-draining lymph nodes showed superior anti-tumoral activity. We found that both targeting approaches showed higher therapeutic efficacy than control T cells. However, multiple receptors conveying the same homing pattern did not augment infiltration. Instead, in the MC38 colon carcinoma model, anti-tumoral efficacy as well as lymph node vs. tumor-homing patterns were mostly driven by CCR4 and CCR6, respectively. Overall, our data, based on fluorescent receptor tagging, identify the tumor-draining lymph node and the tumor itself as viable targets for chemokine receptor-mediated enhancement of adoptive T cell therapy.
How do patients sleep after orthopaedic surgery? Changes in objective sleep parameters and pain in hospitalized patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Vitale Jacopo Antonino , Banfi Giuseppe , Viganò Marco , Negrini Francesco
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The aim of this observational cohort study was to assess actigraphy-based sleep characteristics and pain scores in patients undergoing knee or hip joint replacement and hospitalized for ten days after surgery.

Methods

N=20 subjects (mean age: 64.0±10.39 years old) wore the Actiwatch 2 actigraph (Philips Respironics, USA) to record sleep parameters for 11 consecutive days. Subjective scores of pain, by a visual analog scale (VAS), were constantly monitored and the following evaluation time points were considered for the analysis: pre-surgery (PRE), the first (POST1), the fourth (POST4), and the tenth day (POST10) after surgery.

Results

Sleep quantity and timing parameters did not differ from PRE to POST10, during the hospitalization whereas sleep efficiency and immobility time significantly decreased at POST1 compared to PRE by 10.8% (p=0.003; ES: 0.9, moderate) and 9.4% (p=0.005; ES: 0.86, moderate) respectively, and sleep latency increased by 18.7 min (+320%) at POST1 compared to PRE (p=0.046; ES: 0.70, moderate). Overall, all sleep quality parameters showed a trend of constant improvement from POST1 to POST10. VAS scores were higher in the first day post-surgery (4.58 ± 2.46; p=0.0011 and ES: 1.40, large) compared to POST10 (1.68 ± 1.58). During the time, mean VAS showed significant negative correlations with mean sleep efficiency (r = −0.71; p=0.021).

Conclusion

Sleep quantity and timing parameters were stable during the entire hospitalization whereas sleep quality parameters significantly worsened the first night after surgery compared to the pre-surgery night. High scores of pain were associated with lower overall sleep quality.
Impact of Preoperative Stoma Site Marking on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Colorectal Perforation: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Nakajima Mikio , Matsui Hiroki , Miki Atsushi , Horie Hisanaga , Kotani Kazuhiko , Yasunaga Hideo , Sata Naohiro
Published: June 2023

Background

Preoperative stoma site marking reduces the incidence of complications from elective surgery. However, the impact of stoma site marking in emergency patients with colorectal perforation remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of stoma site marking on morbidity and mortality in patients with colorectal perforation who underwent emergency surgery.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database from April 1, 2012, to March 31, 2020. We identified patients who underwent emergency surgery for colorectal perforation. We compared outcomes between those with and without stoma site marking using propensity score matching to adjust for confounding factors. The primary outcome was the overall complication rate, and the secondary outcomes were stoma‐related, surgical, and medical complications and 30‐day mortality.

Results

We identified 21,153 patients (682 with stoma site marking and 20,471 without stoma site marking) and grouped them into 682 pairs using propensity score matching. The overall complication rates were 23.5% and 21.4% in the groups with and without stoma site marking, respectively (p = 0.40). Stoma site marking was not associated with a decrease in stoma‐related, surgical, or medical complications. The 30‐day mortality did not differ significantly between the groups with and without stoma site marking (7.9% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.843).

Conclusions

Preoperative stoma site marking was not associated with a reduction in morbidity and mortality in patients with colorectal perforation who underwent emergency surgery.
Rectal colonization is predictive for surgical site infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria in abdominal surgery
Authors: Mehdorn Matthias , Kolbe-Busch Susanne , Lippmann Norman , Moulla Yusef , Scheuermann Uwe , Jansen-Winkeln Boris , Chaberny Iris F. , Gockel Ines , Kassahun Woubet Tefera
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Superficial surgical site infections (SSI) are a common complication after abdominal surgery. Additionally, multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) have shown an increasing spread in recent years with a growing importance for health care. As there is varying evidence on the importance of MDRO in different surgical fields and countries as causative agents of SSI, we report our findings of MDRO-caused SSI.

Methods

We assembled an institutional wound register spanning the years 2015–2018 including all patients with abdominal surgery and SSI only, including demographics, procedure-related data, microbiological data from screenings, and body fluid samples. The cohort was examined for the frequency of different MDRO in screenings, body fluids, and wound swabs and assessed for risk factors for MDRO-positive SSI.

Results

A total of 138 out of 494 patients in the register were positive for MDRO, and of those, 61 had an MDRO isolated from their wound, mainly multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (58.1%) followed by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (19.7%). As 73.2% of all MDRO-carrying patients had positive rectal swabs, rectal colonization could be identified as the main risk factor for an SSI caused by a MDRO with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.407 (95% CI 1.782–10.896, p = 0.001). Secondly, a postoperative ICU stay was also associated with an MDRO-positive SSI (OR 3.73; 95% CI 1.397–9.982; p = 0.009).

Conclusion

The rectal colonization status with MDRO should be taken into account in abdominal surgery regarding SSI prevention strategies.

Trial registration Retrospectively registered in the German register for clinical trials (DRKS) 19th December 2019, registration number DRKS00019058.
“That’s just like, your opinion, man”: the illusory truth effect on opinions
Authors: Riesthuis Paul , Woods Josh
Published: June 2023

With the expanse of technology, people are constantly exposed to an abundance of information. Of vital importance is to understand how people assess the truthfulness of such information. One indicator of perceived truthfulness seems to be whether it is repeated. That is, people tend to perceive repeated information, regardless of its veracity, as more truthful than new information, also known as the illusory truth effect. In the present study, we examined whether such effect is also observed for opinions and whether the manner in which the information is encoded influenced the illusory truth effect. Across three experiments, participants (n = 552) were presented with a list of true information, misinformation, general opinion, and/or social–political opinion statements. First, participants were either instructed to indicate whether the presented statement was a fact or opinion based on its syntax structure (Exp. 1 & 2) or assign each statement to a topic category (Exp. 3). Subsequently, participants rated the truthfulness of various new and repeated statements. Results showed that repeated information, regardless of the type of information, received higher subjective truth ratings when participants simply encoded them by assigning each statement to a topic. However, when general and social–political opinions were encoded as an opinion, we found no evidence of such effect. Moreover, we found a reversed illusory truth effect for general opinion statements when only considering information that was encoded as an opinion. These findings suggest that how information is encoded plays a crucial role in evaluating truth.
Training energy-based single-layer Hopfield and oscillatory networks with unsupervised and supervised algorithms for image classification
Authors: Abernot Madeleine , Todri-Sanial Aida
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates how to solve image classification with Hopfield neural networks (HNNs) and oscillatory neural networks (ONNs). This is a first attempt to apply ONNs for image classification. State-of-the-art image classification networks are multi-layer models trained with supervised gradient back-propagation, which provide high-fidelity results but require high energy consumption and computational resources to be implemented. On the contrary, HNN and ONN networks are single-layer, requiring less computational resources, however, they necessitate some adaptation as they are not directly applicable for image classification. ONN is a novel brain-inspired computing paradigm that performs low-power computation and is attractive for edge artificial intelligence applications, such as image classification. In this paper, we perform image classification with HNN and ONN by exploiting their auto-associative memory (AAM) properties. We evaluate precision of HNN and ONN trained with state-of-the-art unsupervised learning algorithms. Additionally, we adapt the supervised equilibrium propagation (EP) algorithm to single-layer AAM architectures, proposing the AAM-EP. We test and validate HNN and ONN classification on images of handwritten digits using a simplified MNIST set. We find that using unsupervised learning, HNN reaches 65.2%, and ONN 59.1% precision. Moreover, we show that AAM-EP can increase HNN and ONN precision up to 67.04% for HNN and 62.6% for ONN. While intrinsically HNN and ONN are not meant for classification tasks, to the best of our knowledge, these are the best-reported precisions of HNN and ONN performing classification of images of handwritten digits.
Hierarchical contribution of individual lifestyle factors and their interactions on adenomatous and serrated polyp risk
Authors: Kim Jihee , Nath Kirti , Schmidlin Kurt , Schaufelberger Helen , Quattropani Christiana , Vannini Simone , Mossi Sandro , Thumshirn Miriam , Manz Michael , Litichevskiy Lev , Fan Jiaxin , Dmitrieva-Posocco Oxana , Li Mingyao , Levy Maayan , Schär Primo , Zwahlen Marcel , Thaiss Christoph A. , Truninger Kaspar
Published: June 2023

Background

Individual colorectal polyp risk factors are well characterized; however, insights into their pathway-specific interactions are scarce. We aimed to identify the impact of individual risk factors and their joint effects on adenomatous (AP) and serrated polyp (SP) risk.

Methods

We collected information on 363 lifestyle and metabolic parameters from 1597 colonoscopy participants, resulting in over 521,000 data points. We used multivariate statistics and machine-learning approaches to assess associations of single variables and their interactions with AP and SP risk.

Results

Individual factors and their interactions showed common and polyp subtype-specific effects. Abdominal obesity, high body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome, and red meat consumption globally increased polyp risk. Age, gender, and western diet associated with AP risk, while smoking was associated with SP risk. CRC family history was associated with advanced adenomas and diabetes with sessile serrated lesions. Regarding lifestyle factor interactions, no lifestyle or dietary adjustments mitigated the adverse smoking effect on SP risk, whereas its negative effect was exacerbated by alcohol in the conventional pathway. The adverse effect of red meat on SP risk was not ameliorated by any factor, but was further exacerbated by western diet along the conventional pathway. No modification of any factor reduced the negative impact of metabolic syndrome on AP risk, whereas increased fatless fish or meat substitutes’ intake mitigated its effect on SP risk.

Conclusions

Individual risk factors and their interactions for polyp formation along the adenomatous and serrated pathways are strongly heterogeneous. Our findings may facilitate tailored lifestyle recommendations and contribute to a better understanding of how risk factor combinations impact colorectal carcinogenesis.
Oral and craniofacial research in the Generation R study: an executive summary
Authors: van Meijeren-van Lunteren Agatha W. , Liu Xianjing , Veenman Francien C. H. , Grgic Olja , Dhamo Brunilda , van der Tas Justin T. , Prijatelj Vid , Roshchupkin Gennady V. , Rivadeneira Fernando , Wolvius Eppo B. , Kragt Lea
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Oral conditions are of high prevalence and chronic character within the general population. Identifying the risk factors and determinants of oral disease is important, not only to reduce the burden of oral diseases, but also to improve (equal access to) oral health care systems, and to develop effective oral health promotion programs. Longitudinal population-based (birth-)cohort studies are very suitable to study risk factors on common oral diseases and have the potential to emphasize the importance of a healthy start for oral health. In this paper, we provide an overview of the comprehensive oral and craniofacial dataset that has been collected in the Generation R study: a population-based prospective birth cohort in the Netherlands that was designed to identify causes of health from fetal life until adulthood.

Methods

Within the multidisciplinary context of the Generation R study, oral and craniofacial data has been collected from the age of 3 years onwards, and continued at the age of six, nine, and thirteen. Data collection is continuing in 17-year-old participants.

Research outcomes

In total, the cohort population comprised 9749 children at birth, and 7405 eligible participants at the age of seventeen. Based on questionnaires, the dataset contains information on oral hygiene, dental visits, oral habits, oral health–related quality of life, orthodontic treatment, and obstructive sleep apnea. Based on direct measurements, the dataset contains information on dental caries, developmental defects of enamel, objective orthodontic treatment need, dental development, craniofacial characteristics, mandibular cortical thickness, and 3D facial measurements.

Conclusions

Several research lines have been set up using the oral and craniofacial data linked with the extensive data collection that exists within the Generation R study.

Clinical relevance

Being embedded in a multidisciplinary and longitudinal birth cohort study allows researchers to study several determinants of oral and craniofacial health, and to provide answers and insight into unknown etiologies and oral health problems in the general population.
The effect of connective tissue graft or a collagen matrix on epithelial differentiation around teeth and implants: a preclinical study in minipigs
Authors: Stähli Alexandra , Párkányi László , Aroca Sofia , Stavropoulos Andreas , Schwarz Frank , Sculean Anton , Bosshardt Dieter D.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to histologically evaluate the healing at 8 weeks after coronally advanced flap (CAF) with either a superficial (SCTG) or deep palatal connective tissue graft (DCTG), or a collagen matrix (CM) to cover recession defects at teeth and implants.

Material and methods

One mandibular side of 6 miniature pigs received each 3 titanium implants 12 weeks after extraction. Eight weeks later, recession defects were created around implants and contralateral premolars and 4 weeks later randomly subjected to CAF + SCTG, CAF + DCTG, or CAF + CM. After 8 weeks, block biopsies were histologically analyzed.

Results

For the primary outcome, i.e., keratinization of the epithelium, all teeth and implants exhibited a keratinized epithelium with no histological differences among them also not in terms of statistically significant differences in length (SCTG 0.86 ± 0.92 mm, DCTG 1.13 ± 0.62 mm, and Cm, 1.44 ± 0.76 mm). Pocket formation was histologically seen at all teeth, around most implants with SCTG and DCTG, however not in the CM implant group. The connective tissue grafts showed hardly signs of degradation, whereas the CM was partly degraded and integrated in connective tissue. The mean gain in gingival height was similar in all experimental groups (SCTG 3.89 ± 0.80 mm, DCTG 4.01 ± 1.40 mm, CM 4.21 ± 0.64 mm). Statistically significant differences were found in the height of the junctional epithelium between the control teeth and the connective tissue groups (p = 0.009 and 0.044).

Conclusions

In this animal model, the use of either a superficial or deep connective tissue graft or a collagen membrane did not seem to have any impact on the epithelial keratinization around both teeth and implants. All procedures (CAF + SCTG/DCTG/CM) resulted in a long JE that was even longer at implants.

Clinical relevance

Deep/superficial palatal connective tissue graft yielded similar keratinization around teeth/implants. Given the absence of pocket formation and inflammatory processes at implants when using a CM, CAF + CM might bear potential clinical benefits.
“I’m always going to be tired”: a qualitative exploration of adolescents’ experiences of fatigue in depression
Authors: Higson-Sweeney Nina , Cooper Kate , Dunn Barnaby D. , Loades Maria E.
Published: June 2023

Adolescent depression is a prevalent and disabling condition, but current psychological treatments are only moderately effective. One way to enhance outcomes is to further our understanding of adolescent depression and improve our capacity to target the most frequently reported and problematic symptoms. A common but often neglected symptom of depression is fatigue, which is associated with considerable impairment and has the potential to interfere with adolescents’ engagement in psychological therapies. Despite this, the experience of fatigue in adolescent depression and how we target it in treatment is currently poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to explore adolescents’ experiences and understandings of fatigue in depression, recruiting from clinical and community settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 UK-based adolescents aged 14–18 years old with elevated symptoms of depression. Using reflexive thematic analysis, three themes were generated. Fatigue is a complex concept explored adolescents’ understanding of fatigue as a dynamic, multifaceted symptom which had mental and physical components. Trapped in a cycle of fatigue considered the complex and reciprocal relationship between fatigue and other depressive symptoms, and the subsequent impact of limited energy on engagement with everyday activities. Finally, stigma as a barrier to help-seeking highlighted how adolescents were reluctant to seek help due to experienced stigma and the perception that fatigue was not a serious enough symptom. Findings from this study suggest that fatigue should be viewed as a psychological as well as somatic symptom of depression, with implications regarding the identification and treatment of fatigue in depression in routine clinical practice.
Japanese Society of Medical Oncology/Japan Society of Clinical Oncology/Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology-led clinical recommendations on the diagnosis and use of immunotherapy in patients with high tumor mutational burden tumors
Authors: Mishima Saori , Naito Yoichi , Akagi Kiwamu , Hayashi Naomi , Hirasawa Akira , Hishiki Tomoro , Igarashi Ataru , Ikeda Masafumi , Kadowaki Shigenori , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kato Motohiro , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Kodera Yasuhiro , Komine Keigo , Koyama Takafumi , Maeda Osamu , Miyachi Mitsuru , Nishihara Hiroshi , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Ohga Shouichi , Okamoto Wataru , Oki Eiji , Ono Shigeru , Sanada Masashi , Sekine Ikuo , Takano Tadao , Tao Kayoko , Terashima Keita , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Yatabe Yasushi , Yoshino Takayuki , Baba Eishi
Published: June 2023

The development of novel antitumor agents and accompanying biomarkers has improved survival across several tumor types. Previously, we developed recommendations for tumor-agnostic treatments in patients with solid tumors with DNA mismatch repair deficient or neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase fusions. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown efficacy in patient with tumor mutation burden-high (TMB-H) solid tumors and have been established as a third tumor-agnostic agent, making it necessary to develop the guideline prioritized for these patients. Clinical questions regarding medical care were formulated for patients with TMB-H advanced solid tumors. Relevant publications were searched by PubMed and Cochrane Database. Critical publications and conference reports were added manually. Systematic reviews were performed for each clinical question for the purpose of developing clinical recommendations. The committee members identified by Japan Society of Clinical Oncology (JSCO), Japanese Society of Medical Oncology (JSMO), and Japanese society of pediatric hematology/oncology (JSPHO) voted to determine the level of each recommendation considering the strength of evidence, expected risks and benefits to patients, and other related factors. Thereafter, a peer review by experts nominated from JSCO, JSMO, and JSPHO, and the public comments among all societies' members was done. The current guideline describes three clinical questions and seven recommendations for whom, when, and how TMB should be tested, and what is recommended for patients with TMB-H advanced solid tumors. In this guideline, the committee proposed seven recommendations for performing TMB testing properly to select patients who are likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
Effect of local climate anomalies on giraffe survival
Authors: Bond Monica L. , Ozgul Arpat , Lee Derek. E.
Published: June 2023

With the rapid pace of global warming, there is an urgent need to understand survival responses to climate, particularly for large mammals that are already experiencing population declines associated with anthropogenic pressures such as poaching and habitat loss. We tested hypotheses about the interactive effects of local climatic anomalies (variations around a long-term mean) and proximity to edge of protected area boundaries on seasonal adult and juvenile survival in a population of 2,385 individually identified giraffes monitored over 8 years in the Tarangire Ecosystem of northern Tanzania. Temperature anomalies were positively correlated with seasonal survival of adult giraffes, suggesting these megaherbivores are adapted to hot conditions. Higher seasonal rainfall anomalies were negatively correlated with both juvenile and adult survival, and greater vegetation greenness was associated with lower adult survival. During seasons of anomalously high rainfall and vegetation greenness, higher parasite and disease abundance, poorer-quality nutrition in forage, and higher predation risk may all play a role in lowering giraffe survival. Furthermore, climate-associated reduction in survival was most pronounced during the short rainy season for adult giraffes living closer to the edge of protected areas, indicating that the influence of climate anomalies may be exacerbated by anthropogenic edge effects such as poaching or livestock keeping. Precipitation in East Africa is projected to increase substantially, with a greater proportion of rain falling during heavy events in the short rainy season, which may threaten persistence of giraffes in one of Earth’s most important landscapes for large mammals.
The prognostic significance of stroke volume index in low gradient severe aortic stenosis: from the national echo database of Australia
Authors: Snir Afik D. , Ng Martin K. , Strange Geoff , Playford David , Stewart Simon , Celermajer David S.
Published: June 2023

Approximately 50% of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) in clinical practice present with ‘low-gradient’ haemodynamics. Stroke Volume Index (SVI) is a measure of left ventricular output, with ‘normal-flow’ considered as  > 35 ml/m2. The association between SVI and prognosis in severe low-gradient AS (LGAS) in currently not well-understood. We analysed the National Echo Database of Australia (NEDA) and identified 109,990 patients with sufficiently comprehensive echocardiographic data, linked to survival information. We identified 1,699 with severe LGAS and preserved ejection fraction (EF) (≥ 50%) and 774 with severe LGAS and reduced EF. One- and three-year survival in each subgroup were assessed (follow-up of 74 ± 43 months), according to SVI thresholds. In patients with preserved EF the mortality “threshold” was at SVI < 30 ml/m2; 1- and 3-year survival was worse for those with SVI < 30 ml/m2 relative to those with SVI > 35 ml/m2 (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.32–2.47 and HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.70), while survival was similar between those with SVI 30–35 ml/m2 and SVI > 35 ml/m2. In patients with reduced EF the mortality “threshold” was 35 ml/m2; 1- and 3-year survival was worse for both those with SVI < 30 ml/m2 and 30–35 ml/m2 relative to those with SVI > 35 ml/m2 (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.27–3.09 and HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.05–1.93 for SVI < 30 ml/m2 and HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.23–3.31 and HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.10–2.21 for SVI 30–35 ml/m2). The SVI prognostic threshold for medium-term mortality in severe LGAS patients is different for those with preserved LVEF (< 30 ml/m2) compared to those with reduced LVEF (< 35 ml/m2).
Quasi-isothermal (Q-TG), cryoporometric (DSC) and adsorption characterization of activated carbons
Authors: Charmas Barbara , Zięzio Magdalena , Jedynak Katarzyna , Kucio Karolina
Published: June 2023

In the presented paper, the structural and energetic heterogeneities of the activated carbons (ACs) surfaces were investigated. The ACs of well-developed microporosity were obtained from the spent coffee grounds as a result of pyrolysis (N2 or CO2) with the chemical activation of H3PO4 (I = 1, 1.5 or 2 w/w). The low-temperature N2 adsorption, the quasi-isothermal thermogravimetry as well as the low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry were employed. Moreover, the selected materials adsorption properties were studied in relation to methylene blue (MB). The micro/mesoporous structure of the carbons was proved. The different types of water clusters on the surface indicated the carbons surface heterogeneity. The activated carbons are characterized by the high sorption capacity (qe,exp = 200.3–237.67 mg g−1) as for MB. The adsorption process was described by means of the Radke–Prausnitz isotherm model.

Graphical abstract
Market expansion and the scope of mass customization
Authors: Jost Peter-J.
Published: June 2023

We consider a market in which two firms with their own customer base have the possibility to expand their business by customization to serve new customer segments. In a two-dimensional model, we examine the optimal scope of customization - that is, whether not to customize, to customize only one dimension, or to customize both dimensions - by analyzing the trade-off between market expansion and expected competition. Depending on the size of their own home markets, we show that in most market constellations one firm fully customizes its standard product whereas the other firm customizes maximally only one dimension. If price discrimination for customized products is possible, firms’ incentives to customize increase. However, whereas customization under uniform pricing is always Pareto improving for both firms, it might be Pareto inferior under price discrimination. From a consumer perspective, the situation is reversed. Although full customization implies that customers’ preferences are perfectly matched, they do not necessarily benefit from customization under uniform pricing, whereas price discrimination is always a Pareto improvement for customers.
Exact Simulation of Poisson-Dirichlet Distribution and Generalised Gamma Process
Authors: Dassios Angelos , Zhang Junyi
Published: June 2023

Let $$J_1>J_2>\dots $$

J
1

>

J
2

>
⋯

be the ranked jumps of a gamma process $$\tau _{\alpha }$$

τ
α

on the time interval $$[0,\alpha ]$$

[
0
,
α
]

, such that $$\tau _{\alpha }=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }J_k$$

τ
α

=

∑

k
=
1

∞

J
k

. In this paper, we design an algorithm that samples from the random vector $$(J_1, \dots , J_N, \sum _{k=N+1}^{\infty }J_k)$$

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. Our algorithm provides an analog to the well-established inverse Lévy measure (ILM) algorithm by replacing the numerical inversion of exponential integral with an acceptance-rejection step. This research is motivated by the construction of Dirichlet process prior in Bayesian nonparametric statistics. The prior assigns weight to each atom according to a GEM distribution, and the simulation algorithm enables us to sample from the N largest random weights of the prior. Then we extend the simulation algorithm to a generalised gamma process. The simulation problem of inhomogeneous processes will also be considered. Numerical implementations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithms.
Assessing Inhibitory Control Deficits in Adult ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Stop-signal Task
Authors: Senkowski Daniel , Ziegler Theresa , Singh Mervyn , Heinz Andreas , He Jason , Silk Tim , Lorenz Robert C.
Published: June 2023

In recent years, there has been an increasing quest in improving our understanding of the neurocognitive deficits underlying adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Current statistical manuals of psychiatric disorders emphasize inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, but empirical studies have also shown consistent alterations in inhibitory control. To date, there is no established neuropsychological test to assess inhibitory control deficits in adult ADHD. A common paradigm for assessing response inhibition is the stop-signal task (SST). Following PRISMA-selection criteria, our systematic review and meta-analysis integrated the findings of 26 publications with 27 studies examining the SST in adult ADHD. The meta-analysis, which included 883 patients with adult ADHD and 916 control participants, revealed reliable inhibitory control deficits, as expressed in prolonged SST response times, with a moderate effect size $$g$$
g
= 0.51 (95% CI: 0.376–0.644,$$p$$
p
< 0.0001). The deficits were not moderated by study quality, sample characteristics or clinical parameters, suggesting that they may be a phenotype in this disorder. The analyses of secondary outcome measures revealed greater SST omission errors and reduced go accuracy in patients, indicative of altered sustained attention. However, only few (N < 10) studies were available for these measures. Our meta-analysis suggests that the SST, in conjunction with other tests and questionnaires, could become a valuable tool for assessing inhibitory control deficits in adult ADHD.
A Location-allocation Model for Bio-waste Management in the Hospitality Sector
Authors: Santos-Peñate Dolores R. , Suárez-Vega Rafael R. , de la Nuez Carmen Florido
Published: June 2023

Tourism generates huge amounts of waste. It has been estimated that about half of the waste generated by hotels is food and garden bio-waste. This bio-waste can be used to make compost and pellets. In turn, pellets can be used as an absorbent material in composters and as an energy source. In this paper, we consider the problem of locating composting and pellet-making facilities so that the bio-waste generated by a chain of hotels can be managed at or close to the generation points. The general objective is twofold: i) to avoid waste transportation from generation to treatment points and product transportation from production to demand points, and ii) to implement a circular model in which the hotels themselves become the suppliers of the products they need (compost and pellets) by transforming the bio-waste that they generate. Any bio-waste not processed by the hotels has to be treated at private or state-run plants. A mathematical optimization model is presented to locate the facilities and allocate the waste and products. The application of the proposed location-allocation model is illustrated with an example.
Opportunities and Challenges to Linkage to Housing in the Context of a Sexual and Reproductive Health Program for Youth Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Huq Maisha R. , Phillips Danielle R. , Childers Christine , Chavez Rebecca , Tellei Jacqueline , Blakely Lenora , Aparicio Elizabeth M.
Published: June 2023

Youth homelessness remains a major public health issue in the USA, and youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) are still one of the more understudied and underserved groups. Comprehensive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) programs for YEH are rare. Yet, such programs are potentially effective settings through which to link YEH with housing services. Wahine (“woman”) Talk is one such comprehensive program for YEH, and is a multilevel intervention delivered out of a youth drop-in center in Honolulu, Hawai ‘i. One of Wahine Talk’s core components is addressing basic needs, including providing linkages to housing services. Little research exists on SRH programs’ opportunities and challenges to providing linkage to housing for YEH. The current study is an exploratory study asking, “What are opportunities and challenges to linking young women experiencing homelessness to housing services through a comprehensive sexual and reproductive health program?” The study team collected in-depth qualitative data through seven focus groups and 25 individual interviews with Wahine Talk staff and youth participants aged 14–22 years. Multiple team members analyzed the data using template analysis. The analysis revealed that while comprehensive SRH programs may have some opportunities and challenges to linking YEH to housing services that are consistent with traditional housing assistance programs, there are also factors specific to SRH programs. In particular, opportunities would be SRH programs employing a housing staff person and bolstering staff-youth meetings and communication. A challenge specific to SRH programs would be prioritizing youth’s reproductive justice (i.e., choice) in lieu of solely prioritizing pregnancy reductions and delays; thus, it is recommended to train staff to prioritize youth’s reproductive justice. The findings highlight the importance of SRH programs having staff focused on housing, sufficient opportunities for youth and staff to communicate with each other, and staff trained to prioritize youth’s reproductive justice.
Proteogenomics of the novel Dehalobacterium formicoaceticum strain EZ94 highlights a key role of methyltransferases during anaerobic dichloromethane degradation
Authors: Wasmund Kenneth , Trueba-Santiso Alba , Vicent Teresa , Adrian Lorenz , Vuilleumier Stéphane , Marco-Urrea Ernest
Published: June 2023

Dichloromethane (DCM, methylene chloride) is a toxic, high-volume industrial pollutant of long-standing. Anaerobic biodegradation is crucial for its removal from contaminated environments, yet prevailing mechanisms remain unresolved, especially concerning dehalogenation. In this study, we obtained an assembled genome of a novel DCM-degrading strain, Dehalobacterium formicoaceticum strain EZ94, from a stable DCM-degrading consortium, and we analyzed its proteome during degradation of DCM. A gene cluster recently predicted to play a major role in anaerobic DCM catabolism (the mec cassette) was found. Methyltransferases and other proteins encoded by the mec cassette were among the most abundant proteins produced, suggesting their involvement in DCM catabolism. Reductive dehalogenases were not detected. Genes and corresponding proteins for a complete Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, which could enable further metabolism of DCM carbon, were also found. Unlike for the anaerobic DCM degrader “Ca. F. warabiya,” no genes for metabolism of the quaternary amines choline and glycine betaine were identified. This work provides independent and supporting evidence that mec-associated methyltransferases are key to anaerobic DCM metabolism.
Towards standardization of human adipose-derived stromal cells secretomes
Authors: Pinheiro-Machado Erika , Getova Vasilena E. , Harmsen Martin C. , Burgess Janette K. , Smink Alexandra M.
Published: June 2023

The secretome of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) is a heterogeneous mixture of components with a beneficial influence on cellular microenvironments. As such, it represents a cell-free alternative in regenerative medicine therapies. Pathophysiological conditions increase the therapeutic capacity of ASC and, with this, the benefits of the secretome. Such conditions can be partially mimicked in vitro by adjusting culturing conditions. Secretomics, the unbiased analysis of a cell secretome by mass spectrometry, is a powerful tool to describe the composition of ASC secretomes. In this proteomics databases review, we compared ASC secretomic studies to retrieve persistently reported proteins resulting from the most explored types of culturing conditions used in research, i.e., exposure to normoxia, hypoxia, or cytokines. Our comparisons identified only eight common proteins within ASC normoxic secretomes, no commonalities within hypoxic ASC secretomes, and only nine within secretomes of ASC exposed to proinflammatory cytokines. Within these, and regardless of the culturing condition that stimulated secretion, a consistent presence of extracellular matrix-related pathways associated with such proteins was identified. Confounders such as donors' age, sex, body mass index, the anatomical area where ASC were harvested, secretome collection method, data description, and how the data is shared with the scientific community are discussed as factors that might explain our outcomes. We conclude that standardization is imperative as the currently available ASC secretomic studies do not facilitate solid conclusions on the therapeutic value of different ASC secretomes.

Graphical abstract
Vanishing Water: Rescuing the Neglected Food Resource
Authors: Knorr Dietrich , Augustin Mary Ann
Published: June 2023

The annual global amount of water consumed to produce food ranges from 600,000 to 2.5 million liters per capita depending on food habits and food waste generation. Humans need approximately 2–3 L of water daily to maintain health, but only 0.01% of the world’s water is drinkable. Food supplies cannot be generated without land, water, and energy use. The current use of water for production of food is most concerning and requires immediate and increased awareness. Minimal attention has been devoted to the increasing water scarcity and loss of drinking water. Food waste also contains water and therefore also adds to water scarcity that is affecting almost 4 billion people. We summarize the human need of water, its significance for life and for the production, processing, and consumption of foods. This review includes an examination of the history of water; the unique properties of water for sustaining life; water for food production including agriculture, horticulture, and mariculture; the properties of water exploited in food processing; water scarcity due to water demands exceeding availability or access; and its consequences for our world. Means to reduce water scarcity, including using water treatment and promoting change of human habits, are discussed. The future of water and the recommendations for action are proposed for decreasing water scarcity and reducing water use during food production, food processing, food preparation, and consumption.