bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical investigation of a controlled unidirectional reflectionlessness by applying external voltage in an electro-optical plasmonic waveguide system
Authors: Yu Lingxue , Yang Hang , Liu Ying Ming , An Chengshou , Jin Xing Ri , Zhang Ying Qiao
Published: July 2020

We theoretically investigate an controlled unidirectional reflectionlessness and near perfect absorption by applying external voltage in an electro-optical plasmonic waveguide system based on near-field coupling between two resonators. The system consists of two resonators side coupled to a metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic waveguide. Based on the numerical simulation, when external voltage is U = 7.4 V, the reflections for forward and backward directions are close to 0 and 0.82 at frequency 144.18 THz, while the reflections for forward and backward directions are close to 0.81 and 0 at frequency 150.86 THz when external voltage is U = 1.5 V. And the high absorption for forward (backward) direction is ∼0.97 (∼0.99) at frequency 144.18 THz (150.86 THz).
Spin-polarized unidirectional cylindrical waveguide in bianisotropic media
Authors: Karimi Parisa , Rejaei Behzad , Khavasi Amin
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we analyze a cylindrical waveguide consisting of two layers of bianisotropic material with anti-symmetric magnetoelectric coupling tensors. The analysis is carried out in terms of pseudo-electric and pseudo-magnetic fields which satisfy Maxwells’ equations with gyrotropic permittivity and permeability tensors. We show that the rotationally symmetric modes of the waveguide are unidirectional with transverse pseudo-electric and transverse pseudo-magnetic modes propagating in opposite directions. These modes are surface waves whose electromagnetic field is concentrated near the interface between the two anisotropic materials. They follow the contour of the interface even in the case of sharp discontinuities and pass through an obstacle without backscattering if the obstacle does not change the polarization of the wave. Higher-order modes of the waveguide are also investigated. Although these modes are hybrid modes and not, strictly speaking, unidirectional, they practically behave as the rotationally symmetric mode.
Resonantly pumped Er:YAG vector laser with selective polarization states at 1.6  µm
Authors: Song Rui , Gao Chunqing , Zhou Heng , Fu Shiyao
Published: July 2020

A resonantly pumped Er:YAG vector laser emitting at 1645 nm with selective polarization states is demonstrated. A compact five-mirror resonator incorporated a pair of quarter-wave plates (QWPs), and a pair of q-plates (QPs) is employed. Cylindrical vector beams of all states on a single high-order Poincaré sphere could be obtained by rotating the QWPs and QPs relatively.
Justice on Demand: True Crime in the Digital Streaming Era, Tanya Horeck (2019)
Authors: Watson Thomas Joseph
Published: July 2020

Review of: Justice on Demand: True Crime in the Digital Streaming Era, Tanya Horeck (2019)

Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 240 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-81434-063-9, p/bk, $34.99
Microbiological quality of beef, mutton, and water from different abattoirs in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Ncoko Philisani , Jaja Ishmael Festus , Oguttu James Wabwire
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim: Abattoir processes from skinning, evisceration, to chilling usually lead to meat contamination by foodborne pathogens. Hence, continual microbial surveillance of slaughter carcasses by veterinary public health officials is key to preventing contamination and outbreak of meat-related foodborne diseases. This study was conducted to determine the Enterobacteriaceae count and aerobic plate count (APC) and to detect Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in meat and water from selected slaughter facilities.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective data (n=100) collected in 2017 by the Provincial Veterinary Department of the Eastern Cape Province from abattoirs and prospective survey data of meat (n=50) collected in 2018 from abattoirs in the Eastern Cape Province were utilized in this study. APC and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated from the samples. In addition, Salmonella and E. coli were isolated from samples using selective media.

Results: The APC in both retrospective and prospective studies for all samples ranged between 2 and 4.50 log CFU/cm2; similar counts of 2-4.00 log CFU/cm2 were recorded for Enterobacteriaceae. No significant difference (p>0.05) for APC and Enterobacteriaceae count across all meat types was noted. Salmonella and E. coli were detected in 50% of beef. E. coli was not detected from mutton, but Salmonella was found in 66.7%. Moreover, 91.7% of the water samples had E. coli, but none had Salmonella.

Conclusion: The levels of Enterobacteriaceae and APC observed in meat satisfy regulatory conditions outlined by the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, South Africa and show that meat produced from these abattoirs is of acceptable microbial quality. However, the quality of water used in the abattoirs does not meet the requirements set by the government, and contributes to contamination of meat produced in the abattoirs under study. Therefore, we recommend that sources of water be continuously investigated to eliminate or reduce the risk of contamination of meat processed in the abattoirs.
Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the expression of toll-like receptors in Betong chickens
Authors: Suklek Anutian , Kayan Autchara , Rattanasrisomporn Jatuporn , Boonkaewwan Chaiwat
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise microbial sensing receptors present on cell surfaces that are capable of detecting pathogens. The present study aims to examine the expression of TLRs within the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of the Betong chickens.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples were harvested from 12 Betong (KU line) chickens. Hematological values were calculated. PBMC was isolated from the blood utilizing a Histopaque solution and stored in a RPMI1640 culture medium. Cell viability was investigated using a Trypan Blue dye exclusion test. DNA was extracted from PBMC and the expression of the DNA's TLRs was examined using a polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Hematological values were determined from the blood samples collected in this study obtained from healthy Betong chickens. PBMC that was isolated from the Betong chickens possessed cell viability higher than 95% (95.37±1.06). From the examination of TLRs gene expression, results revealed instances of TLR1.1, TLR1.2, TLR2.1, TLR2.2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR 7, TLR15, and TLR21 that were present in the PBMC of Betong chickens.

Conclusion: PBMC isolated from the blood of healthy Betong chickens possessed excellent cell quality. All chicken TLRs were discovered within the PBMC of Betong chickens. Hence, PBMC stands out as one of the premier sources for in vitro studies of chicken immune response.
Liver Damage due to Hypervitaminosis
Authors: Sy Alexander M. , Kumar Smriti R. , Steinberg Jonathan , Garcia-Buitrago Monica Tulia , Arosemena Benitez Leopoldo Ramon
Published: July 2020

Dietary supplements are unregulated medications that can lead to serious liver injury. Despite this, many people take vitamin supplements believing they are safe because they do not require prescriptions. We are reporting a case of an African American man who took large doses of vitamin supplements leading to noncirrhotic portal hypertension. The case highlights the importance of detailed history taking to diagnose and treat patients properly.
Increase in the Lipopolysaccharide Activity and Accumulation of Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Stomach With Low Acidity
Authors: Sano Masaya , Uchida Tetsufumi , Igarashi Muneki , Matsuoka Takashi , Kimura Moto , Koike Jun , Fujisawa Mia , Mizukami Hajime , Monma Makiko , Teramura Erika , Yoshihara Shiho , Sato Hirohiko , Morimachi Masashi , Ito Ayano , Ueda Takashi , Shiraishi Koichi , Matsushima Masashi , Suzuki Takayoshi , Koga Yasuhiro
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are highly toxic and induce inflammation. Therefore, we investigated both the LPS activity and composition of GNB in the gastric fluid (GF) to assess the potential toxicity of them accumulated in the stomach.

METHODS:

GF and saliva samples were obtained from 158 outpatients who were undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and 36 volunteers using a nasogastric tube. The LPS activity was measured by assay kits including recombinant Factor C or Limulus amebocyte lysate. To assess the bacterial composition in the samples, a 16S ribosomal DNA-based operational taxonomic unit analysis was performed. We focused on the genera representing >0.1% of the whole microbiota.

RESULTS:

We found a high LPS activity in the GF samples with weak acidity (approximately > pH 4), whereas little/no activity in those with strong acidity (approximately < pH 2). Spearman test also demonstrated a close correlation between pH and LPS in those samples (r = 0.872). The relative abundance of GNB in the saliva showed no significant difference between the subject groups with weak- and strong-acidity GF. In addition, in the subjects whose GF acidity was weak, the GNB abundance in the GF was almost the same as that in the saliva. By contrast, in the subjects whose GF acidity was strong, the GNB abundance in the GF was significantly lower than that in the saliva.

DISCUSSION:

GNB that have recently moved from the oral cavity might account for the prominent LPS activity in a stomach with weak acidity.
Host Genetic and Gut Microbial Signatures in Familial Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Park Yoo Min , Ha Eunji , Gu Ki-Nam , Shin Ga Young , Lee Chang Kyun , Kim Kwangwoo , Kim Hyo Jong
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:

The family history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been strongly associated with risk of developing IBD. This study aimed to identify the host genetic and gut microbial signatures in familial IBD.

METHODS:

Genetic analyses using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and whole exome sequencing were performed to calculate weighted genetic risk scores from known IBD-associated common variants and to identify rare deleterious protein-altering variants specific to patients with familial IBD in 8 Korean families that each included more than 2 affected first-degree relatives (FDRs) and their unaffected FDR(s). In parallel, gut microbial community was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing of stools from the sample individuals.

RESULTS:

The risk of familial IBD was not well explained by the genetic burden from common IBD-risk variants, suggesting the presence of family-shared genetic and environmental disease-risk factors. We identified 17 genes (AC113554.1, ACE, AKAP17A, AKAP9, ANK2, ASB16, ASIC3, DNPH1, DUS3L, FAM200A, FZD10, LAMA5, NUTM2F, PKN1, PRR26, WDR66, and ZC3H4) that each contained rare, potentially deleterious variants transmitted to the affected FDRs in multiple families. In addition, metagenomic analyses revealed significantly different diversity of gut microbiota and identified a number of differentially abundant taxa in affected FDRs, highlighting 22 novel familial disease-associated taxa with large abundance changes and the previously reported gut dysbiosis including low alpha diversity in IBD and 16 known IBD-specific taxa.

DISCUSSION:

This study identified familial IBD-associated rare deleterious variants and gut microbial dysbiosis in familial IBD.
Implementation of Islamic Business Ethics in Digital Wallet: Literature Review Approach
Authors: Zulni Dhiyaul Aulia , Achiria Siti
Published: July 2020

The wallet is concise because it has a concise form in managing the identity card or money owned by the wallet owner for transactions. Therefore, when someone does not bring his wallet, he will feel restless or uncomfortable because he does not bring his wallet so it is difficult when trying to make a transaction. Digital Wallet or commonly called Electronic Wallet (e-Wallet) is the latest economic phenomenon based on Information Technology that makes it easy for consumers to make transactions at merchants that have worked together. Digital Wallet Market in Indonesia continues to experience an increase in the number of users that have been proven at the end of 2018 in Indonesia, which has reached Rp 21 trillion. Indonesia has a majority population who embrace Islam. Therefore, in this study aims to examine how the practice of Digital Wallet using Islamic perspectives, especially from the view of business ethics. Based on the results of the literature study, the author seeks to provide examples of the implementation of Digital Wallet practices based on the axioms of Islamic business ethics consisting of 4 pillars of Islamic Business Ethics in general which include the concepts of Unity, Justice, Free Will, and Responsibility.
Kepemimpinan Sekolah dalam Situasi Krisis Covid-19 di Indonesia
Authors: Murfi Ali , Fathurrochman Irwan , Atika Atika , Saiva Jannana Nora
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is shaking the world. This massive event triggered by infectious disease is beyond the predictions of many people, even practitioners, and experts in the field of crisis management. Now all sectors are affected, including the world of Education. Academic leaders respond by moving their educational activities and those related online. The decision to pivot into distance learning is made quickly. This research focuses on highlighting how the headmaster's leadership in carrying out crisis management in the Islamic School of Al-Azhar Cairo Yogyakarta by going through the stages, namely 1) Before the Crisis, 2) During the Crisis, 3) After the Crisis. This research uses a qualitative method with the type of case study. The results showed that Before the Crisis stage was carried out by implementing the Covid-19 Prevention Literacy policy. The stages during the crisis are carried out with (a) Health Talk, (b) Learning from Home Policy, and (c) Video and Podcast Challenge. After the crisis phase, the principal develops a collaborative approach to leadership, evaluating, and controlling the various effects of the crisis to prevent future crises. Crisis management is needed so that schools can be better prepared to deal with crises and reduce their impact so that the learning process and managerial activities can continue to run productively.
Amplified socio-technical problems in converging infrastructures
Authors: Büscher Christian , Ornetzeder Michael , Droste-Franke Bert
Published: July 2020

Converging infrastructures illustrate the complexity of the processes involved in both operational sector coupling and socio-technical sector integration. What consequences of this development can technology impact research estimate today and what difficulties will arise in doing so? This article introduces the TATuP special topic as well as the individual contributions and also addresses socio-political aspects, beyond the usual questions of technical feasibility and efficiency: What strategies are developed to initiate and control comprehensive change? What are the mechanisms to maintain the ability to act despite great uncertainties for all those concerned with future converging infrastructures for energy, transport, and heating/cooling. The interdisciplinary approach to the topic focuses on three central “socio-technical problems” and gives a first insight into the conditions under which converging infrastructures emerge and what consequences these processes might have.
Accreditation standard suggestions for teaching Turkish to foreigners
Authors: İkiel Alparslan
Published: July 2020

In recent years reasons, such as  migration movements to Turkey happened due to the internal conflicts in the geography where Republic of Turkey is located, and again, progressive increase of the number of the students who prefer Turkey in the international student mobility encountered in the globalizing world, require  this population, who does not know the Turkish language, to be in contact with the social environment where they live and state institutions in order to survive and benefit from humanitarian services. Language learning and usage has become an important need for them to carry out this communication in a healthy way. Due to these developments, there has been a serious demand for teaching Turkish to foreigners. With the aim of establishing a perception of quality and institutionalizing this perception in language schools that teach Turkish to foreigners; It is an important need to be able to offer quality standards suggestion to the accreditation association in Turkish teaching, which can be established in the future. The aim of this research is to develop accreditation standard suggestions for institutions teaching Turkish to foreigners. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Son yıllarda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin bulunduğu coğrafyadaki çeşitli ülkelerin gerek kendi iç çatışmaları gerekse de diğer ülkelerin farklı müdahaleleri ile yaşanan çatışmalar nedeniyle Türkiye’ye göç hareketleri gerçekleşmiştir.  Diğer yandan küreselleşen dünyada yaşanan uluslararası öğrenci hareketliliğinde bölgesel ve ulusal bir güç olma yönündeki durumu, Türkiye’yi tercih eden yükseköğretim öğrencilerinin sayısının giderek artmasına neden olmuştur.  Bu nedenler Türkçenin yabancılara öğretiminin bazı akredite standartlarının olmasını gündeme getirmiştir.  Türk dilini bilmeyen bu nüfusun yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri insani hizmetlerden yararlanabilmeleri için bulundukları sosyal ortam ve devlet kurumları ile iletişim halinde olmalarını gerektirmiştir. Bu iletişimi sağlıklı bir şekilde gerçekleştirmeleri için dil öğrenimi ve kullanımı önemli bir ihtiyaç haline hale gelmiştir. Bu gelişmelere bağlı olarak yabancılara Türkçe öğretimine ciddi bir talep oluşmuştur. Yabancılara Türkçe öğretimi alanında eğitim veren dil okullarında bir kalite algısı oluşması önemlidir. Bu algının kurumsallaşabilmesi amacı ile ileride kurulabilecek Türkçe öğretiminde akreditasyon derneğine kalite standartları önerisi sunabilmek önemli bir ihtiyaçtır. Bu araştırmanın amacı yabancılara Türkçe öğretimi yapan kurumlar için akreditasyon standart önerileri geliştirmektir.
Different Foot Positioning During Calf Training to Induce Portion-Specific Gastrocnemius Muscle Hypertrophy
Authors: Nunes João Pedro , Costa Bruna D.V. , Kassiano Witalo , Kunevaliki Gabriel , Castro-e-Souza Pâmela , Rodacki André L.F. , Fortes Leonardo S. , Cyrino Edilson S.
Published: July 2020

Nunes, JP, Costa, BDV, Kassiano, W, Kunevaliki, G, Castro-e-Souza, P, Rodacki, ALF, Fortes, LS, and Cyrino, ES. Different foot positioning during calf training to induce portion-specific gastrocnemius muscle hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2347–2351, 2020—The aim of this study was to compare the changes in gastrocnemius muscle thickness (MT) between conditions such as which foot was pointed outward (FPO), foot was pointed inward (FPI), or foot was pointed forward (FPF). Twenty-two young men (23 ± 4 years) were selected and performed a whole-body resistance training program 3 times per week for 9 weeks, with differences in the exercise specific for calves. The calf-raise exercise was performed unilaterally, in a pin-loaded seated horizontal leg-press machine, in 3 sets of 20–25 repetitions for training weeks 1–3 and 4 sets for weeks 4–9. Each subject's leg was randomly assigned for 1 of the 3 groups according to the foot position: FPO, FPI, and FPF. Measurements with a B-mode ultrasound were performed to assess changes in MT of medial and lateral gastrocnemius heads. After the training period, there were observed increases in MT of both medial (FPO = 8.4%, FPI = 3.8%, and FPF = 5.8%) and lateral (FPO = 5.5%, FPI = 9.1%, and FPF = 6.4%) gastrocnemius heads, and significant differences for magnitude of the gains were observed between FPO and FPI conditions (p < 0.05). Positioning FPO potentiated the increases in MT of the medial gastrocnemius head, whereas FPI provided greater gains for the lateral gastrocnemius head. Our results suggest that head-specific muscle hypertrophy may be obtained selectively for gastrocnemius after 9 weeks of calf training in young male adults.
The Contact Stress Distribution in a Double Tapered Bolt Joint
Authors: Persson Johan , Gradin Per A. , Nyström Staffan K.
Published: July 2020

The mechanical problem that occurs when a thin elastic layer (e.g., a part of a composite panel) is inserted between two tapered elastic parts and bolted together is studied. The problem considered is of relevance for situations when it is of value to get a rough estimate of the contact pressure in the elastic layer and, by extension, the contact friction. The intermediate elastic layer (i.e., panel) is assumed to behave like a Winkler foundation, and engineering beam theory is assumed to describe the behavior of the tapered outer parts. The coupling between the transverse stresses in the panel and the longitudinal stress due to an applied external tensile load in the plane of the panel is ignored. By using the influence functions for the tapered parts, one obtains an integral equation involving the compression of the panel as the only unknown function. The integral equation is solved numerically by standard procedures. An experiment was also performed in a way that differs slightly from what is covered by the more general theoretical model. This is due to practical reasons connected to the experiment. It was found that the theoretical model gave results in fair agreement with the experimental results.
A Californiana in Two Worlds
Authors: Brewster Michele M.
Published: July 2020

Anita de la Guerra of Santa Barbara married Boston merchant Alfred Robinson in 1836. Taken to the East Coast the following year, she diligently pursued her education and she acculturated while retaining her own priorities, including a patriotic position on Mexican California opposed to her husband’s espousal of “American colonization.” She also facilitated East Coast educations for her children and several nephews that would enhance their opportunities in the new U.S. state of California. In 1852 she was finally able to reunite with her family and fit back into Californio society. The author bases this Californiana’s character and cultural agility on a cache of letters written by Anita de la Guerra, complemented by those written by Robinson and the de la Guerra family.
Effect of conjugated estrogens and bazedoxifene on glucose, energy and lipid metabolism in obese postmenopausal women
Authors: Marlatt Kara L , Lovre Dragana , Beyl Robbie A , Tate Chandra R , Hayes Evelyn K , Burant Charles F , Ravussin Eric , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Combining conjugated estrogens (CE) with the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene (BZA) is a novel, orally administered menopausal therapy. We investigated the effect of CE/BZA on insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, and serum metabolome in postmenopausal women with obesity.

Design:

Randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot trial with washout was conducted at Pennington Biomedical Research Center. Eight postmenopausal women (age 50–60 years, BMI 30–40 kg/m2) were randomized to 8 weeks CE/BZA or placebo. Primary outcome was insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp). Secondary outcomes included body composition (DXA); resting metabolic rate (RMR); substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry); ectopic lipids (1H-MRS); fat cell size, adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression (biopsies); serum inflammatory markers; and serum metabolome (LC/MS).

Results:

CE/BZA treatment produced no detectable effect on insulin sensitivity, body composition, ectopic fat, fat cell size, or substrate oxidation, but resulted in a non-significant increase in RMR (basal: P = 0.06; high-dose clamp: P = 0.08) compared to placebo. CE/BZA increased serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. CE/BZA also increased serum diacylglycerol (DAG) and triacylglycerol (TAG) species containing long-chain saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and decreased long-chain acylcarnitines, possibly reflecting increased hepatic de novo FA synthesis and esterification into TAGs for export into very low-density lipoproteins, as well as decreased FA oxidation, respectively (P < 0.05). CE/BZA increased serum phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, ceramides, and sphingomyelins, possibly reflecting the increase in serum lipoproteins (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

A short treatment of obese postmenopausal women with CE/BZA does not alter insulin action or ectopic fat but increases serum markers of hepatic de novo lipogenesis and TAG production.
Pentraxin-3 mediates prosurvival actions of interferon tau in bovine luteinized granulosa cells
Authors: Basavaraja Raghavendra , Madusanka Senasige Thilina , Shrestha Ketan , Przygrodzka Emilia , Kaczmarek Monika Marzena , Meidan Rina
Published: July 2020

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a multimeric glycoprotein, is implicated in various biological functions. PTX3 was shown to be elevated in the corpus luteum (CL) of early pregnant ewes; however, its role in sheep or other ruminants’ CL during this reproductive stage or how it is regulated remain unknown. Here we explored the role of PTX3 and its relationship with interferon-tau (IFNT; the pregnancy recognition signaling molecule during early pregnancy in domestic ruminants) in bovine luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs). IFNT robustly elevated PTX3 expression in bovine LGCs, and significantly stimulated its expression in luteal endothelial cells, along with CL slices; yet, LGCs were the most responsive and sensitive among these luteal models. ALK2/ALK3/ALK6 kinase inhibitor, dorsomorphin, dose-dependently inhibited basal and IFNT-elevated PTX3 expression in LGCs. In contrast, ALK4/5/7 inhibitor, SB431542, did not alter basal and TGFB1-induced PTX3. We found that recombinant human PTX3 itself moderately but significantly increases LGC numbers. Because PTX3 is highly expressed in bovine LGCs, we next examined the impact of lowering endogenous PTX3 levels with siRNA. PTX3 silencing decreased the viable cell numbers and reversed IFNT actions on cell viability, percentage of proliferating cells, and on two key survival/death genes: BIRC5 encoding surviving protein, and FASL – a death-inducing signal. Interestingly, thrombospondin-1, a known luteal proapoptotic factor, was inversely related to PTX3 in LGCs. Together, these findings suggest a novel role for PTX3 during early pregnancy, as mediator of IFNT prosurvival actions supporting CL maintenance during this reproductive stage.
Completed Genomic Sequence ofBacillus thuringiensisHER1410 Reveals aCry-Containing Chromosome, Two Megaplasmids, and an Integrative Plasmidial Prophage
Authors: Lechuga Ana , Lood Cédric , Salas Margarita , van Noort Vera , Lavigne Rob , Redrejo-Rodríguez Modesto
Published: July 2020

Bacillus thuringiensis is the most used biopesticide in agriculture. Its entomopathogenic capacity stems from the possession of plasmid-borne insecticidal crystal genes (cry), traditionally used as discriminant taxonomic feature for that species. As such, crystal and plasmid identification are key to the characterization of this species. To date, about 600 B. thuringiensis genomes have been reported, but less than 5% have been completed, while the other draft genomes are incomplete, hindering full plasmid delineation. Here we present the complete genome of Bacillus thuringiensis HER1410, a strain closely related to B. thuringiensis entomocidus and a known host for a variety of Bacillus phages. The combination of short and long-read techniques allowed fully resolving the genome and delineation of three plasmids. This enabled the accurate detection of an unusual location of a unique cry gene, cry1Ba4, located in a genomic island near the chromosome replication origin. Two megaplasmids, pLUSID1 and pLUSID2 could be delineated: pLUSID1 (368 kb), a likely conjugative plasmid involved in virulence, and pLUSID2 (156 kb) potentially related to the sporulation process. A smaller plasmidial prophage pLUSID3, with a dual lifestyle whose integration within the chromosome causes the disruption of a flagellar key component. Finally, phylogenetic analysis placed this strain within a clade comprising members from the B. thuringiensis serovar thuringiensis and other serovars and with B. cereus s. s. in agreement with the intermingled taxonomy of B. cereus sensu lato group.
Accounting for Group-Specific Allele Effects and Admixture in Genomic Predictions: Theory and Experimental Evaluation in Maize
Authors: Rio Simon , Moreau Laurence , Charcosset Alain , Mary-Huard Tristan
Published: July 2020

Populations structured into genetic groups may display group-specific linkage disequilibrium, mutations, and/or interactions between quantitative trait loci and the genetic background. These factors lead to heterogeneous marker effects affecting the efficiency of genomic prediction, especially for admixed individuals. Such individuals have a genome that is a mosaic of chromosome blocks from different origins, and may be of interest to combine favorable group-specific characteristics. We developed two genomic prediction models adapted to the prediction of admixed individuals in presence of heterogeneous marker effects: multigroup admixed genomic best linear unbiased prediction random individual (MAGBLUP-RI), modeling the ancestry of alleles; and multigroup admixed genomic best linear unbiased prediction random allele effect (MAGBLUP-RAE), modeling group-specific distributions of allele effects. MAGBLUP-RI can estimate the segregation variance generated by admixture while MAGBLUP-RAE can disentangle the variability that is due to main allele effects from the variability that is due to group-specific deviation allele effects. Both models were evaluated for their genomic prediction accuracy using a maize panel including lines from the Dent and Flint groups, along with admixed individuals. Based on simulated traits, both models proved their efficiency to improve genomic prediction accuracy compared to standard GBLUP models. For real traits, a clear gain was observed at low marker densities whereas it became limited at high marker densities. The interest of including admixed individuals in multigroup training sets was confirmed using simulated traits, but was variable using real traits. Both MAGBLUP models and admixed individuals are of interest whenever group-specific SNP allele effects exist.
¿Huir de la guerra para encontrar la paz?
Authors: Barrera Rivera Dan Abner
Published: July 2020

Este artículo es la historia de vida de Vicky, una mujer nicaragüense que dejó su tierra a causa de la guerra. Los relatos expresan situaciones personales y sociales que tienen que ver con la pobreza, la explotación, la inmigración, la agresión, las rupturas familiares, la resistencia y la lucha permanente por mejores condiciones de vida en una nueva tierra. El objetivo del texto es presentar la narración de vida de una mujer extranjera desde su propia voz, desde el punto de vista de ella; aquí la “voz” del investigador solo aparece para hilvanar los hechos de la figura central que las vivió. Los acontecimientos contados develan que no solo existen fronteras geográficas, sino también culturales, laborales, sociales, educativas y emocionales, que muchas veces son infranqueables, aunque se comparta la misma casa o la mesa. La misma es una invitación para acercarnos a escuchar los saberes de una mujer inmigrante, quien ha hecho de la calle su territorio de lucha por la defensa de sus derechos humanos.
Studi Hadis Pendidikan di Perguruan Tinggi: Realitas, Problematika dan Solusi
Authors: Amrulloh Amrulloh , Solichin Mujianto
Published: July 2020

This research is motivated by a number of discrepancies between the reality of educational h}adi>th quotation and the standard of the h}adi>th quotation of the h}adi>th. These divergences include the differences in the reference to educational h}adi>th, assessment and process of understanding. This study aims to explain the motivation behind the citation of the educational h}adi>th; classifying forms of educational h}adi>th references, managing the validity of the educational h}adi>th, categorizing the process of understanding the h}adi>th; identifying the problems faced by educational h}adi>th quoters, and then submiting the solution. This research applies integrative design between field research and library research. This study argues that the background of the educational h}adi>th quotation revolves around the belief in the relevance between h}adi>th and education; there are many discrepancies between the reality of the educational h}adi>th quotation and the standard excerpt of the h}adi>th; the problem of the educational h}adi>th citation revolves around the ignorance of the h}adi>th sciences and the difficulty of access to the primary reference to the h}adi>th. This article then offers a solution that is to use the digital library of the h}adi>th.
The Epistemology of Al-Ghazali’S Thought on Khabar Mutawatir And Khabar Ahad
Authors: Alma’arif
Published: July 2020

Some scholars regarded al-Ghazali as not a well-known expert of the hadith. They even stated that the weakness of al-Ghazali lies in the science of hadith. This article aims to refute those opinions by providing al-Ghazali’s thoughts on hadith, mainly on khabar mutawatir and khabar ahad, as well as the epistemic paradigm that construct his idea on hadith. I argue that al-Ghazali’s thought on hadith has a wide approach i.e. the use of logical and philosophical approach. This shows that al-Ghazali tends to be more inclusive in understanding h}adi>th. Besides, I also argue that the use of logical and philosophical approach has to do with the political milieu where the Sunnite dynasty of Seljuq was in respond against the Shi‘ite Fatimid power of Egypt. The very intellectual milieu of the Fatimid dynasty was flourished by logic and Greek philosophy. As a Sunni defender of the Seljuq, it is a must to fight the intellectual Shi‘ite Isma’ilite of the Fatimid by mastering logic and philosophy. Thus, al-Ghazali’s usage of both approaches in the science of h}adi>th was to justify and defend the authority of the Sunni Ash‘ari of the Seljuq dynasty.
Analisis Pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), Loan To Deposit Ratio (LDR), Dan Suku Bunga Kredit Konsumsi Terhadap Penyaluran Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR) Bank BTN
Authors: Christiamanah Agatha Reza , Priana Wiwin
Published: July 2020

Dalam penelitian ini data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa data berkala (time series data) dalam periode tahun 2009-2018, data tersebut dianalisa dengan menggunakan program olah data statistik SPSS (Statistical Product and Sevice Solution) versi 13.0 analisa regresi liniear berganda. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yakni secara simultan variabel Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), dan Suku Bunga Kredit Konsumsi berpengaruh terhadap penyaluran Kredit  Pemilikan Rumah (KPR) Bank BTN. Sedangkan secara parsial atau secara individual variabel Non Performing Loan (NPL) dan Suku Bunga Kredit Konsumsi berpengaruh terhadap penyaluran Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR) Bank BTN , sedangkan Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) dan Non Performing Loan (NPL) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap penyaluran Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR) Bank BTN
İlkokul Dördüncü Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Türkçe Yazım Hatalarının Sınıflandırılması
Authors: TERZİYAN Treysi Lusi , DEMİREL Gözde
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmada ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencisi olan ilkokul çocuklarının yaptığı yazım hataları incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu düşük ve orta gelirli ailelerden gelen toplam 148 ilkokul öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Çocukların yazım hataları sesbilimsel hatalar, biçimbilimsel hatalar, ortografik hatalar, ortografik imge hataları, yer değiştirme hataları ve diğer hatalar olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Elde edilen araştırma sonuçları çocukların yaptığı hataların çeşitlilik gösterdiği ve çocuklar tarafından yapılan yazım hatalarının, ortografik imge hataları, biçimbilimsel hatalar ve diğer hatalar gruplarında yer aldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu durum ise öğrencilerin yazılı Türkçe ile konuşma dili arasındaki ayrıma dair farkındalıklarının düşük olmasıyla açıklanmıştır. Elde edilen araştırma sonuçları ilgili bilimsel literatür bağlamında tartışılmış ve gerekli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Is PMI a Leading Indicator: Case of Turkey
Authors: AKDAĞ Saffet , DERAN Ali , İSKENDEROĞLU Ömer
Published: July 2020

In this study, the causal relationships of the Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) with various financial factors are examined. As a result of the analysis, it is determined that the change in the Istanbul-Stock-Exchange-Industry Index (ISEIND) causes the change in the PMI and the changes in the PMI also causes the changes in the Industrial-Production Index (IPI) and the Capacity-Utilization-Rates (CUR). It is also determined that the causality towards to PMI from the ISEIND and causality towards IPI from PMI is valid in the medium- and long-run, whereas the causality towards PMI to CUR are valid for the all periods. According to these results, PMI can be considered as a leading indicator for the real sector. However, the same result does not apply to the financial sector.
Petrol Fiyatlarındaki Hareketliliğin Temel Makroekonomik Göstergeler Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: AYKIRI Murat
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmada, 2007-2018 dönemi Türkiye ekonomisinin aylık verileri kullanılarak petrol fiyatlarının temel makroekonomik göstergeler üzerindeki uzun dönem etkisinin ekonometrik açıdan belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Uzun dönem ilişkinin tespiti için Johansen Eşbütünleşme, uzun dönem katsayıların hesaplanması için ise FMOLS, DOLS ve CCR yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen amprik sonuçlar; petrol fiyatlarının temel makroekonomik göstergelerle uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettiğini, petrol fiyatlarındaki hareketliliğin faiz, enflasyon, üretim, kur ve istihdam değişkenlerini pozitif, cari açığı ise negatif etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur.
Kurumlar ve Uluslararası Ticaret İlişkisi: Geçiş Ekonomileri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi ile Bir İnceleme
Authors: ÇUHADAR Pınar , DORU Ömer
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı kurumsal kalite ölçütü olarak yönetişim göstergeleri ve uluslararası ticaret arasındaki ilişkiyi geçiş ekonomileri üzerinde 1996-2016 yılları için sınamaktır. Kurumlar ile ihracat ve toplam uluslararası ticaret arasındaki ilişki yapısal kırılmaları göz önünde bulundurmayan ve çoklu yapısal kırılmaları baz alan eş-bütünleşme testlerine göre ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan analiz neticesinde yapısal kırılmaları dikkate almayan testlerde değişkenler arasında eş-bütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Ülkelerin Merkezi ve Doğu Avrupa ile Baltık ve Bağımsız Devlet Topluluğu (BDT) ülkeleri şeklinde ayrıştırılarak mal ihracatının yönetişim göstergeleri ile ilişkisi analiz edildiğinde ise MDA ve Baltık ülkelerinin mal ihracat düzeyi ile yönetişim göstergeleri arasında pozitif i anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur.
İki kriterli tek makinalı çizelgeleme problemi için bir yaklaşım
Authors: LOKMAN Banu
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmada,
maksimum ağırlıklı geç bitirme ve ağırlıklı toplam akış zamanının en
küçüklendiği iki kriterli tek makinalı çizelgeleme problemi için bir yaklaşım
önerilmiştir. Tüm baskın noktaları üretebilen bu algoritma; aynı zamanda karar
vericinin belirlediği bir kalite seviyesine göre baskın nokta kümesini temsil
edebilen bir altküme bulmayı da garantilemektedir. Geliştirilen yaklaşım,
farklı büyüklükteki ve farklı özelliklerdeki problemler üzerinde farklı kalite
seviyelerinde uygulanmıştır. Deney sonuçları, algoritmamızın hem çözüm süresi
hem karar vericiye sunulan çizelge sayısı açısından iyi bir yaklaşım olduğunu
göstermektedir.
İç mekan hijyen koşullarının arttırılmasında antibakteriyel duvar boyasının etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BAL Seval , ŞANLI Nazmiye Özlem
Published: July 2020

İnsanların uzun vakit geçirdikleri kapalı olanlar olan okul, ev, hastane gibi iç mekanlarda mikroorganizmalar duvar, zemin gibi yüzeylerde kolonize olmaktadır. Yüzeylere temas mikroorganizmalar ile çapraz kontaminasyonlar oluşturmakta ve buna bağlı olarak enfeksiyonlar meydana gelmektedir. Enfeksiyonları önlemek için yüzeyler çeşitli yöntemlerle antibakteriyel hale getirilmektedir. Bu yöntemlerden biri de duvar yüzeylerinin antibakteriyel boyalar ile kaplanmasıdır. Ancak kullanılan bir çok antibakteriyel boya uzun süre maruziyette toksik etki oluşturabilecek gümüşoksit, titanyumoksit gibi kimyasallar içermektedir. Bu çalışmada, insan ve çevreye toksik olmadığı bilinin SilQUAT biyositinin Gram pozitif ve Gram negatif temsilci bakterilerine karşı antibakteriyel etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bunun yanında biyositin kutu içerisinde koruyucu etkisi belirlenen bakteri, küf ve maya organizmalarına karşı da test edilmiştir. Deneylerin sonucunda biyositin güçlü antimikrobiyal etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Ön ve son iletimli paralel hibrit araçların bulanık mantık yöntemi ile kontrolü ve diğer güç sistemleri ile karşılaştırılması
Authors: KOCAKULAK Tolga , SOLMAZ Hamit
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmada, ön iletimli paralel hibrit, son iletimli paralel hibrit, seri hibrit ve konvansiyonel araç yapılarının Matlab/SIMULINK ortamında modellemesi yapılmıştır. Oluşturulan araç modelleri üzerinde farklı sürüş çevrimleri için ortalama yakıt tüketim değerleri elde edilerek karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Paralel hibrit aracın güç, vites kademe ve rejeneratif fren kontrolü bulanık mantık yöntemi ile geliştirilen kontrol algoritması ile sağlanmıştır. Tüm araç yapıları için, aracın güç sistemini temsil eden transfer fonksiyonları oluşturulmuştur. Araca etki eden yuvarlanma, ivme ve aerodinamik kuvvetleri modele dahil edilmiştir. İçten yanmalı motor modelinde 1,8 litre “ZR-FXE” benzinli motora ait tork/devir ve özgül yakıt tüketimi haritası kullanılmıştır. Elektrik motor modelinde “Ashwoods/Elmo-D576” marka elektrik motorunun tork/devir ve verim haritasından faydalanılmıştır. Bütün araç yapılarında 7 ileri DCT şanzıman kullanılmıştır. Araçta 5 kWh enerji kapasiteli, liyum iyon batarya paketi kullanılmıştır. Eşdeğer devre yöntemi Rint metodu ile batarya modeli oluşturulmuştur. US06, FTP75, NEDC, EUDC sürüş çevrimleri için en düşük ortalama yakıt tüketimi değerlerinin bulanık mantık yöntemi ile kontrol edilen ön iletimli paralel hibrit araç yapısıyla 5,73, 4, 3,96 ve 4,18 L/100 km olarak elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. ECE15 sürüş çevriminde 3,62 L/100 km değeri ile seri hibrit araç yapısının en düşük ortalama yakıt tüketimine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Rejeneratif fren kullanımının en etkili olduğu ECE15 sürüş çevriminde, seri, ön iletimli paralel ve son iletimli paralel hibrit araç yapılarında sırasıyla % 14,22, % 11,5 ve % 9,95 oranında tasarruf sağladığı görülmüştür.
Celâleddin Ezine’nin Hayatı ve Eserleri Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ŞEN Can
Published: July 2020

Baba tarafından Ezine/Çanakkaleli olan Celâleddin Ezine babasının görev yeri olan Sakız adasında 1899’da doğmuş ve 1972’de İstanbul’da vefât etmiştir. Yükseköğrenimini Almanya ve Fransa’da gören Ezine, 1930’lu ve 1940’lı yıllarda yoğun bir yazı ve yayın faaliyeti içinde olmuştur. Hamle dergisini yayımlayan Ezine, Cumhuriyet ve Tasvir-i Efkâr gibi gazetelerde günlük ve edebî konular üzerine yazmış; kitap olarak iki piyes ve iki gezi yazısı neşretmiştir. 1940’lardan sonra edebiyat ortamındaki görünürlüğünü kaybeden Celâleddin Ezine, bugün için Türk edebiyatının unutulmuş isimlerinden birisidir. Bunda eserlerinin yeni baskılarının yapılmamış olması da büyük ölçüde etkilidir. Bunun yanı sıra Ezine’den bahseden eserlerde doğum yeri ve tarihi başta olmak hatalı bilgiler görülmektedir. Celâleddin Ezine’yi hayatı ve kitap olarak yayımlanmış eserleriyle bir bütün olarak değerlendirmeye çalıştığımız bu makalemizde yazarın biyografisini ulaşabildiğimiz kaynakların ışığında daha doğru ve geniş bir şekilde vermeye çalıştık. Ayrıca piyeslerini ve gezi yazılarını içerikleri bağlamında değerlendirdik.
Nazım Hikmet’in ‘835 Satır’ Kitabında Alışılmamış Bağdaştırmalar Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: ABİÇ Taylan
Published: July 2020

İnceleme, Nazım Hikmet Ran’ın ‘835 Satır’ adlı kitabında yer alan şiirlerdeki alışılmamış bağdaştırmaların tespitini kapsamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, alışılmamış bağdaştırmalar hakkında bilgi verildi. Alışılmamış bağdaştırmalar, söz dizimi, anlam ve eğreltileme açısından alt başlıklar altında tartışıldı ve Nazım Hikmet Ran’ın şiirlerinden alışılmamış bağdaştırma örnekleri verildi. İncelemede, alışılmamış bağdaştırmalar hakkında kaynak taraması yapıldı. Bu çerçevede, lisansüstü tezler ve bilimsel makalelerden kuramsal bilgi toplandı. Bu bilgiler ile Nazım Hikmet’in “835 Satır” adlı kitabında yer alan şiirler analiz edilerek alışılmamış bağdaştırmalar incelendi. İncelemenin hipotezi: “Nazım Hikmet şiirlerinde alışılmamış bağdaştırmalar kullanılmıştır” olarak belirlendi. Buna bağlı olarak tespit edilen örneklerle hipotez doğrulandı. Nazım Hikmet’in ‘835 Satır’ kitabındaki şiirlerinde, alışılmamış bağdaşrmalar yaparak şiirini estetik bağlamda zenginleştirdiği gözlemlendi, fakat alışılmamış bağdaştırmaların ‘835 Satır’da yer alan şiirlerinde yoğun olarak kullanılmadığı saptandı.
Expert Council resolution on the specifics of multiple myeloma therapy during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: July 2020

.
Kidney involvement in monoclonal gammopathies: multidisciplinary approach in oncohematology and nephrology
Authors: Smirnov A. V. , Dobronravov V. A. , Khrabrova M. S. , Afanasyev B. V.
Published: July 2020

The pathogenetic relationship of kidney damage and an aberrant clone of the B-cell line producing nephrotoxic monoclonal immunoglobulin underlies the concept of “monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance” (MGRS). Herein the aberrant clone does not reach the criteria necessary for initiating antitumor therapy according to oncohematological indications. MGRS is a new nosology in modern nephrology and oncohematology. Monoclonal protein’s pathological effects on kidney parenchyma result in irreversible decline of kidney function till the end stage renal disease that in line with the position of International Consensus of hematologists and nephrologists determinates critical necessity for clone specific treatment in patients with MGRS despite the absence of hematological indications for treatment initiation. Main challenge of MGRS in Russian Federation is an inaccessibility of an in-time diagnostic and appropriate treatment for the great majority of patients due to the following reasons: i) limited knowledge about the MGRS among hematologists and nephrologists; ii) lack of necessary diagnostic resources in most health-care facilities; iii) lack of approved clinical recommendations and medical economic standards for treatment of this pathological entity. In order to overcome these limitations, leading oncohematologists and nephrologists of the Russian Federation on behalf of professional communities at the end of 2019 published a conciliation document: “Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: Consensus of hematologists and nephrologists of Russia on the establishment of nosology, diagnostic approach and rationale for clone specific treatment”. Consensus document comprises the opinion of experts – leading nephrologists and hematologists of Russian Federation – on the problem of MGRS including the incoherence in nosology classification, diagnostics approach and rationale for clone specific treatment. Consensus document is based on conclusions and agreements reached during the conference of leading nephrologists and hematologists of Russia which was held in the framework of symposia “Plasma cell dyscrasias and lymphoproliferative diseases: modern approaches to therapy”, 15–16 of March 2019, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia. Consensus is intended to define the principal practical steps to resolve the problem of MGRS in Russian Federation that are summarized as final clauses which we present here.