bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of podcast videos for airway skills
Authors: Lee Susan C , Huang Henry , Minard Charles G , Schackman Julie , Rajagopalan Suman
Published: December 2018

Background

For a procedure‐driven specialty such as anaesthesiology, hands‐on training has always been the primary method of teaching airway skills. Although this method will always be a necessary component, the current generation of learners tend to gravitate toward media as educational sources. We propose that the addition of watching a series of podcast videos on airway management will further enhance the medical student's procedural skills.

Methods

A total of 34 medical students scheduled for an anaesthesia rotation were randomised into two groups. Both groups received the conventional one‐to‐one hands‐on training on airway skills in the operating room; however, the study group received an additional series of podcast videos on airway equipment, mask ventilation and intubation. At the end of the rotation, all of the students were given an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) on a mannequin.

Results

The study group who received the podcasts significantly out‐performed the control group on the OSCE (p = 0.003). The mean score for the podcast video group was 94.4%, versus 76.5% in the control group. Commonly missed steps by the control group included checking the endotracheal tube balloon before intubation, taping the eyes and auscultation of the epigastrium and lungs.

Discussion

Our results showed that supplementing conventional hands‐on training with contemporary channels such as podcast videos improved learners’ procedural skills. The media format was relatable for these modern learners and provided the added benefit of self‐paced learning. Overall, the podcast videos made a positive contribution to students learning airway techniques.
Numerical simulation of solute transport and structural analysis for groundwater connection medium based on the tracer test
Authors: Wu J. , Li S. C. , Xu Z. H. , Zhang L. W.
Published: December 2018

Solute transport characteristics and groundwater connection structures are mainly studied in this paper by adopting the numerical simulation and field tracer test. Firstly, the simulation method of solute transport is proposed. Then two kinds of representative geological models of tracer test are built, and the process of solute transport is simulated. The variation characteristics of solute transport under the conditions of straight pipeline and branch pipeline are summarized by analysis of the simulation results. The effects of the pipeline width, flow velocity and path difference of branch pipelines on the tracer curve are discussed. General laws of groundwater connection tracer curve are obtained. Finally, based on the field test results, and combined with engineering geological conditions, characteristics of karst groundwater systems, the groundwater connection structures are analysed and speculated in detail by the flow velocity and local monitoring curve. The results show that: (i) As the flow velocity increases, the peak of the tracer curve decreases gradually, as well as the time to peak; (ii) The peak of the tracer curve gradually decreases with the increasing pipeline width; (iii) Under the different path difference of branch pipeline, the tracer curves all present obvious ‘trailing’ phenomenon; (iv) The analysis process of groundwater connection structures can provide references for the same type of hydrological geological problems.
Acoustic characteristics of tense and lax vowels across sentence position in clear speech
Authors: Roesler Lindsay , Song Jae Yung
Published: December 2018

This study examines how the inherent properties of tense and lax vowels interact with external factors, such as speech style (clear vs conversational) and position (sentence-medial vs sentence-final). Twelve speakers of American English recorded productions of the tense /i,u,ɑ/ and lax /ɪ,ɛ,æ,ʊ,ʌ/ vowels, all of which were lengthened and decentralized to a similar degree in clear speech. Furthermore, unlike tense vowels, lax vowels had a greater vowel space area in sentence-medial position, which was primarily driven by high vowels' decreased F1. Therefore, the defining properties of lax vowels (short duration and centralization) were altered by both speech style and sentential position.
Improving outcomes for neonates with gastroschisis in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wright Naomi J , Langer Monica , Norman Irena CF , Akhbari Melika , Wafford Q Eileen , Ade-Ajayi Niyi , Davies Justine , Poenaru Dan , Sevdalis Nick , Leather Andy
Published: December 2018

Introduction

There is a significant disparity in outcomes for neonates with gastroschisis in high-income countries (HICs) compared with low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many LMICs report mortality rates between 75% and 100% compared with <4% in HICs.

Aim

To undertake a systematic review identifying postnatal interventions associated with improved outcomes for gastroschisis in LMICs.

Methods and analysis

Three search strings will be combined: (1) neonates; (2) gastroschisis and other gastrointestinal congenital anomalies requiring similar surgical care; (3) LMICs. Databases to be searched include MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis Global, and the Cochrane Library. Grey literature will be identified through Open-Grey, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry and ISRCTN registry (Springer Nature). Additional studies will be sought from reference lists of included studies. Study screening, selection, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality will be undertaken by two reviewers independently and team consensus sought on discrepancies. The primary outcome of interest is mortality. Secondary outcomes include complications, requirement for ventilation, parenteral nutrition duration and length of hospital stay. Tertiary outcomes include service delivery and implementation outcomes. The methodology of the studies will be appraised. Descriptive statistics and outcomes will be summarised and discussed.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required since no new data are being collected. Dissemination will be via open access publication in a peer-reviewed medical journal and distribution among global health, global surgery and children’s surgical collaborations and international conferences.

Conclusion

This study will systematically review literature focused on postnatal interventions to improve outcomes from gastroschisis in LMICs. Findings can be used to help inform quality improvement projects in low-resource settings for patients with gastroschisis. In the first instance, results will be used to inform a Wellcome Trust-funded multicentre clinical interventional study aimed at improving outcomes for gastroschisis across sub-Saharan Africa.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018095349.
68-year-old woman with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sbarouni Eftihia , Kogerakis Nektarios , Stavridis George
Published: December 2018

Question

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Mitral stenosis.

Pericardial cyst.

Left atrial appendage aneurysm.

Left atrial myxoma.

Atrial septal defect.
Laminitis in dairy goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) on a low‐forage diet
Authors: Groenevelt Margit , Cahalan Stephen D , Anzuino Katharine , Hunt Nicholas , Lee Michael , Grogono‐Thomas Rose
Published: December 2018

Dairy goats on high‐concentrate diets attain high production levels, but at what cost? Here, ongoing lameness problems in a herd offered ad lib concentrates and roughages throughout their lifetime were investigated. Five severely affected, chronically lame animals were euthanased and examined postmortem. Foot pathology consisted of distortion of the claw shape and irregular fissures over the solar and bulbar horn with the distal phalanx rotated downwards on two claws. Rumen pH was measured between 5.26 and 5.46 with moderate rumen mucosa hyperkeratosis, and ulcerative, mild lymphocytic rumenitis. Feet showed irregular hyperplasia of the epidermal laminae with parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, especially in solar regions. Dense clusters of lymphocytes expanded the dermal laminae. Based on these findings, chronic laminitis was suspected. Ruminal hyperkeratosis was likely a result of prolonged periods of acidosis. The consequences of feeding a high‐concentrate ration throughout the life of dairy goats need more research.
Mapping the universe with dark energy survey
Authors: Huterer Dragan
Published: December 2018

First, I summarize the current status of dark energy, including methods to use data to separate between general-relativity and modified-gravity scenarios for the accelerating universe. Then, I discuss recent results from the Dark Energy Survey, currently the world’s leading experiment mapping large-scale structure in the universe. Year-1 DES analysis performed in 2017 included the combination of galaxy clustering, cosmic shear, and their cross-correlation to impose constraints on key cosmological parameters, while upcoming Year-3 and -5 analyses will dramatically improve those constraints. I discuss some of the challenges in this complex analysis, its results, and the more general path forward toward better understanding of dark matter and dark energy in the universe. I also comment on the foremost tension in the field of cosmology today: between local measurements of the Hubble constant from type Ia supernovae, and global measurements from the cosmic microwave background anisotropies.
Energy-Efficient Switching Scheme with 93.41% Reduction in Capacitor Area for SAR ADC
Authors: Liu Shubin , Han Haolin , Ding Ruixue
Published: December 2018

A novel switching scheme for successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented in this paper. Based on the asymmetric capacitor array and splitted MSB capacitor, the proposed scheme achieves 99.09% and 93.41% reductions in the average switching energy and capacitor area, respectively, over the conventional scheme. Moreover, the proposed SAR ADC obtains a moderate linearity performance with max(INL-RMS) less than 0.112 LSB, max(DNL-RMS) less than 0.160 LSB and consumes zero reset energy.
An Active-C Current-Mode Universal First-Order Filter and Oscillator
Authors: Agrawal D. , Maheshwari S.
Published: December 2018

This paper presents an electronically tunable current-mode first-order universal filter. The proposed circuit employs only a single Extra-X Current-Controlled Conveyor (EX-CCCII) and a single grounded capacitor, which is suitable for IC implementation. The circuit can realize three current transfer functions simultaneously, namely low-pass, high-pass and all-pass. The proposed circuit exhibits low-input and high-output impedance, which is suitable for cascading. The pole frequency of the filter can be electronically tuned, by varying the bias current of EX-CCCII. The nonidealities and parasitic effects on the circuit performance are investigated in detail. Also, the Monte Carlo analysis is done to show the effect of active and passive element mismatches on the pole frequency. An eight-phase current-mode sinusoidal oscillator and current-mode second-order filter are further realized using the proposed circuit. The functionality of the proposed circuits is verified through PSPICE simulations, using 0.25-[Formula: see text]m TSMC CMOS technology parameters.
Human Resource Management in Family Business Succession: Victim or Saviour?
Authors: Yedder Moez Ben
Published: December 2018

Each year thousands of family business, mainly SMEs, fail in their succession process. Previous research holds that succession planning and management professionalization are the key elements for family business facing succession but tends to give little attention to the role of human resource management (HRM). This paper sheds light on the part that HRM can play to preserve family business at the risky stage of succession. A study was conducted with multiple qualitative case studies. The analysis was done at both intra-site and inter-site levels and based on the matrix analysis and display approach (Miles and Huberman, 2003). Our findings show that HRM can help to diminish the risk of family business succession by reducing the dependence to family management through personnel empowerment and improvement of organizational environment. However, potential positive HRM outcomes for succession are only possible given the condition of prior HRM professionalization and family management support.
Derivations with annihilator conditions on Lie ideals in prime rings
Authors: Huang Shuliang
Published: December 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be a prime ring with characteristic different from two, [Formula: see text] a derivation of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] a noncentral Lie ideal of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. In the present paper, it is shown that if one of the following conditions holds: (i) [Formula: see text], (ii) [Formula: see text], (iii) [Formula: see text] and (iv) [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are fixed positive integers, then [Formula: see text] unless [Formula: see text] satisfies [Formula: see text], the standard polynomial identity in four variables.
A short note on annihilators of local cohomology modules
Authors: Hasanzad Masoumeh , A’zami Jafar
Published: December 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative Noetherian domain, [Formula: see text] a nonzero [Formula: see text]-module of finite injective dimension, and [Formula: see text] be a nonzero ideal of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we prove that whenever [Formula: see text], then the annihilator of [Formula: see text] is zero. Also, we calculate the annihilator of [Formula: see text] for finitely generated [Formula: see text]-modules [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with conditions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Moreover, if [Formula: see text] is a regular Noetherian local ring and [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], then we show that there exists an ideal [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
An Unusual Variant of a Common Palatal Salivary Gland Tumor: Case Report of a Pleomorphic Adenoma with Significant Lipomatous Metaplasia
Authors: Shah Sonal S. , Moustafa Tamer Zayed
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Salivary gland tumors are relatively common in the junction of the hard and soft palate area of the oral cavity. Pleomorphic adenoma is considered the most common benign salivary gland tumor in this location. Some of the rarer subtypes of this tumor may have a misleading clinical presentation. Recognition of these variants is important since long-standing pleomorphic adenomas have the potential to become malignant. Case Presentation. A healthy 24-year-old male was referred for a painless, large, slowly growing, exophytic swelling of the right hard and soft palate. Interestingly, the lesion was yellowish in color and soft to palpation, suggestive of an innocuous lipoma or cystic lesion. An incisional biopsy was performed and the diagnosis was consistent with pleomorphic adenoma with a significant adipose tissue component. The patient was referred to an oral surgeon and underwent a complete surgical excision. Upon two-year follow-up, the patient is doing well with no recurrences. Conclusion. This case highlights a rare microscopic variant of pleomorphic adenoma with altered clinical presentation that led to an erroneous clinical diagnosis. The importance of taking a biopsy for definitive diagnosis and appropriate management is reinforced.
Performance of Two Rape (Brassica napus) Cultivars under Different Fertilizer Management Levels in the Smallholder Sector of Zimbabwe
Authors: Ganya S. , Svotwa E. , Katsaruware R. D.
Published: December 2018

Crop response to fertilizer application depends on the physiological and morphological characteristics of the cultivars, thus causing cultivar differences in growth rate and final yield. A study was carried out in the Zvimba smallholder farming area of Zimbabwe, from November 2016 to February 2017, to investigate the performance of two rape (Brassica napus) cultivars under different nitrogen fertilizer management levels. An experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design, replicated three times, with two rape varieties, Hobson and English Giant, and 5 ammonium nitrate (AN) (34.5% N) fertilizer application rates (200 kg/ha, 300 kg/ha, 350 kg/ha, and 400 kg/ha) as factors. Nitrogen fertilizer rates had a significant (p<0.05) effect on leaf length at 6 WAP and 7 WAP. Nitrogen fertilizer application levels had significant effects on both in-season and total fresh leaf yield. There were no varietal effects on the leaf length (p>0.05), in-season yield and total leaf yield (p>0.05), and there were also no variety ∗ fertilizer application level interaction effects on leaf length, in-season yield and total leaf yield (p>0.05). From the results of this study, English Giant rape would maintain a longer leaf length than Hobson up to the end of the season, but the two cultivars have similar yield response to fertilizers’ application rate. Both the English Giant rape and Hobson rape cultivars can, therefore, be recommended for production in the Mhondoro smallholder farming area of Zimbabwe and other areas with similar climatic and soil characteristics.
T118M Variant of PMP22 Gene Presents with Painful Peripheral Neuropathy and Varying Charcot-Marie-Tooth Features: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ho Kwo Wei David , Jerath Nivedita U.
Published: December 2018

The clinical effect of T118M variant of the PMP22 gene has been controversial. Several studies have suggested that it may be autosomal recessive, partial loss of function, or a benign variant. Here we report three cases in further support that the T118M variant of the PMP22 gene is a partial loss of function variant. These three unrelated cases were heterozygotes with the T118M variant of the PMP22 gene. All three cases presented with painful peripheral neuropathy and varying degrees of Charcot-Marie-Tooth exam features. Electrophysiological studies revealed polyneuropathy with axonal and demyelinating features in one case, but there were minimal electrophysiological changes in the other two cases. We propose that the T118M variant can cause painful peripheral neuropathy, which may be an underrecognized feature of this variant.
Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional, Epidemiological, Pan-India Study
Authors: Deshmukh Vaishali , Farishta Faraz , Bhole Milind
Published: December 2018

Background. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and clinical and epidemiological factors of thyroid dysfunction (TD) in Indian patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 432 adults with an established diagnosis of MetS were enrolled across ten centers in India. Anthropometric measurements and vital signs were noted. Blood samples were tested for hemogram, coagulogram, lipid profile, and thyroid function. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting plasma insulin were used for the calculation of homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Overt hypothyroidism was defined as thyroid-stimulating hormoneTSH>4.50 μIU/mL with free thyroxineFT4<0.8 ng/dL and free triiodothyronineFT3<1.4 pg/mL; subclinical hypothyroidism asTSH>4.50 μIU/mL withFT4=0.8-1.8 ng/dL andFT3=1.4-4.4 pg/mL; overt hyperthyroidism asTSH<0.45 μIU/mL withFT4>1.8 ng/dL andFT3>4.4 pg/mL; and subclinical hyperthyroidism asTSH<0.45 μIU/mL withFT4=0.8-1.8 ng/dL andFT3=1.4-4.4 pg/mL.Results. About 121 out of 432 patients (28%) were diagnosed with TD (mean age±SD:47.9±10.96years), with women predominance (75% versus 25%). Most patients were in the >45 years of age group (men: 63%; women: 59%). TD was associated with high waist circumference (99.17%), reduced high-density lipoprotein-C (87.60%), raised HOMA-IR (86.78%), systolic blood pressure (77.69%), diastolic blood pressure (59.50%), fasting glucose (58.68%), and triglycerides (33.06%). Overt hypothyroidism was reported in 17.59% (N=76) of patients. Subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism were reported in 8.10%, 1.60%, and 0.70% patients with newly occurred TD, respectively. No case of overt hyperthyroidism was present in these patients.Conclusion. Hypothyroidism was the most common TD in Indian patients with MetS. A large proportion of TD cases diagnosed during the study highlight the need for vigilant thyroid screening in patients with MetS in a real-life setting.
Experimental Study of a Broadband Parametric Acoustic Array for Sub‐Bottom Profiling in Shallow Water
Authors: Qu Ke , Zou Binbin , Chen Jingjing , Guo Yingge , Wang Runtian
Published: December 2018

Broadband parametric acoustic arrays appear to offer advantages for shallow water sub‐bottom profiling. In this paper, the performance of a broadband parametric acoustic array system was experimentally evaluated. In tank experiments using the nonlinear parabolic wave (KZK) equation, the directivity, source level, parametric acoustic array length, and penetration depth were evaluated. Based on Berktay’s far‐field solution, the system’s emission signal was designed. According to sea trials of the broadband parametric acoustic array system as designed, a clear sub‐bottom profile was obtained. Moreover, buried pipelines in the seabed were effectively detected, verifying the system’s effectiveness.
A Moving Object Indoor Tracking Model Based on Semiactive RFID
Authors: Kong Hongshan , Yu Bin
Published: December 2018

Aimed at the weak anti-interference and low accuracy problem of moving object indoor tracking based RFID, a moving object indoor tracking model based on semiactive RFID is presented. This model acquires scene location information through RFID low frequency triggers preinstalled, which can enhance the anti-interference ability. This model adopts an improved particle filter algorithm, which can increase the diversity of the particles, overcome the particle impoverishment, and reduce the tracking error. Simulation results indicate that the model can achieve better tracking performances. Compared with standard particle filter, the improved algorithm performance is better in the capability of tracking accuracy and robust and is more suitable for indoor tracking application in the complicated environments.
Effect of Natural Compounds on NK Cell Activation
Authors: Grudzien Malgorzata , Rapak Andrzej
Published: December 2018

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that survey the body for stressed and abnormal cells. The integration of signals that they receive through various inhibitory and activating cell surface receptors controls their activation and ability to kill target cells and produce cytokines. In this manner, phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of NK cells help protect against microbial infections and cancer and shape the adaptive immune response. NK cells can use two different mechanisms to kill their targets, either by cytotoxic granule exocytosis or by induction of death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Death ligands belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of ligands. Upon release in close proximity to a cell slated for killing, perforin forms pores in the cell membrane of the target cell through which granzymes and associated molecules can enter and induce apoptosis. NK cells are also involved in antibody-dependent cellular toxicity via the CD16 receptor. In addition to target recognition, NK cells can be also activated by treatment with multiple compounds with stimulatory properties. Apart from interleukins, which belong to the best characterized group of NK cell-stimulating compounds, vitamins and constituents extracted from plants also display the ability to activate NK cells. The current review characterizes several groups of NK cell-activating compounds: vitamins belonging to classes A, B, C, D, and E, polysaccharides, lectins, and a number of phytochemicals used in cancer research, exhibiting stimulatory properties when applied to NK cells. Although in most cases the exact mechanism of action is not known, constituents described in this review seem to be promising candidates for NK cell-stimulating drugs.
The Influence of Microbial Agent on the Mineralization Rate of Steel Slag
Authors: Yi Haihe , Qian Chun-xiang
Published: December 2018

Bacteria‐based mineralization is a new technique to use the steel slag. In this article, an experimental examination was performed to find out the steel slag advancement by the addition of the microbial agent that has the possibility to accelerate mineralization ability of bacteria. It is observed that, under natural and CO2 pressure curing conditions, the carbonation rate is significantly raised when microorganisms are added to the steel slag. The increased ratio of microorganisms leads to a better carbonation rate. The reaction products formed by bacteria mineralization were analyzed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and the amount of reaction products was examined by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the compressive strength and carbonation speed rose with the increase in microorganism content. Bacterial could accelerate the rate of carbon sequestration in the mineralization process. The compressive strength of steel slag with 1.5% bacterial could reach up to 51.5 MPa. The micron‐sized and roughness mineralization product induced by microorganisms apparently resulted in a denser and compacted structure. The carbon depth increased by 50%, and the content of calcite increased by 3 times. These mineralization products would fill in the pore of steel slag cementitious materials and form the integrated and denser structure which produces more strength.
Role of the Death Receptor and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling Pathways in Polyphyllin I-Regulated Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells
Authors: Luo Qihui , Yang Dandan , Qi Qi , Huang Chao , Chen Bing , Liu Wentao , Shi Liangqin , Xia Yu , Tang Li , Fang Jing , Ou Yangping , Geng Yi , Chen Zhengli
Published: December 2018

Polyphyllin has been reported to exhibit anticancer effects against various types of cancer via the proapoptotic signaling pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress and death receptor signaling pathways in PPI-induced apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Analysis demonstrated that PPI could significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Investigation into the molecular mechanism of PPI indicated that PPI notably mediated ER stress activation via IRE-1 overexpression and activation of the caspase-12 to protect HepG2 cells against apoptosis. In addition, PPI markedly induced the expression of death receptors signaling pathways-associated factors, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1/TNF-αand FAS/FASL. Additionally, suppression of the death receptor signaling pathways with a caspase-8 inhibitor, Z-IETD-FMK, revealed an increase in the death rate and apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells. Collectively, the findings of the present study suggested that the ER stress and death receptor signaling pathways were associated with PPI-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis; however, endoplasmic reticulum stress may serve a protective role in this process. The combination of PPI and Z-IETD-FMK may activate necroptosis, which enhances apoptosis. Therefore, the results of the present study may improve understanding regarding the roles of signaling pathways in PPI regulated apoptosis and contribute to the development of novel therapies for the treatment of HCC.
Vanadyl Sulfate Effects on Systemic Profiles of Metabolic Syndrome in Old Rats with Fructose-Induced Obesity
Authors: Ortega-Pacheco Diego , Jiménez-Pérez María Marcela , Serafín-López Jeanet , Juárez-Rojas Juan Gabriel , Ruiz-García Arturo , Pacheco-García Ursino
Published: December 2018

Background. Currently, energy obtained from hypercaloric diets has been part of the obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) epidemics from childhood to old age. Treatment alternatives have been sought from plants, minerals, and trace elements with metabolic effects. Vanadyl sulfate (VS) has been investigated as a hypoglycemic compound in animal and human studies showing effective insulin-mimetic properties. This characteristic encompasses several molecules that have beneficial pleiotropic effects. The aim was to determine the antiobesity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects of VS on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in aged rats. Material and Methods. Five groups of male Wistar rats were made, each with six rats: two groups with normal diet (ND) and three with high-fructose diet (HFD). The first ND group was treated with saline solution (SS), the second with VS; treatment for HFD groups was in the first group with SS, second with VS, and third with metformin. Weight, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, and lipidic profile were measured; water, food, fructose and energy consumption were also determined. All parameters were compared among groups. Results and Discussion. Although obese rats treated with VS presented anorexia, oligodipsia, and a marked weight loss in the first two weeks. They recovered food and water intake in the third week with a slow recovery of some weight weeks later. VS normalized blood glucose level and decreased triglyceride and insulin levels in obese rats. These results suggest that vanadyl sulfate shows antiobesity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties in old obese rats and could be useful as an alternative, additional, and potent preventive treatment for obesity and T2DM control in elderly obese and poorly controlled diabetic patients. Conclusion. VS could play an important role in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, contributing to a decrease in obesity and T2DM, through different ways, such as euglycemia, satiety, weight loss, and lipid profile optimization, among others. However, more research is needed to confirm this suggestion.
Serum Metabolomics Analysis in Wasp Sting Patients
Authors: Yang Xianyi , Chai Lin , Liu Chunyan , Liu Mei , Han Limei , Li Changsheng , Guo Hui , Sun Yuwen , Rao Xiaomin , Xiao Min , Fang Zhicheng
Published: December 2018

To analyze the dynamic changes of serum metabolomics in wasp sting victims, we collected serum from 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients who had been stung 3 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours before sample collection. We analyzed the metabolomics by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) techniques and then performed enrichment analysis. A total of 838 metabolites were identified. Serum metabolomics analysis using MetaboAnalyst revealed 289 metabolites that were significantly different among patients in the 3-hour group versus healthy controls (P<0.001). Pathway analysis of those metabolites indicated that those metabolic sets were associated with sphingolipid metabolism. Based on the differences among the control, 3-hour, 24-hour, and 72-hour groups, we classified serum metabolites into different categories. The first and second categories included 297 and 280 metabolites that were significantly different in terms of concentration among healthy controls versus the participants whose sera were analyzed 3 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours after wasp stings. Pathway analysis of those metabolites indicated that those metabolic sets were associated with thiamine metabolism. The third category included 269 significant metabolites. The fourth category included 28 significant metabolites. Pathway analysis of the metabolites in third and fourth categories indicated that those metabolic sets were associated with phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. The fifth category included 31 metabolites, which were not significantly different between the control and 3-hour groups but were higher in concentration in the 24-hour and 72-hour groups. Pathway analysis of the fifth category of significant metabolites identified linoleic acid metabolism. In conclusion, multiple metabolic pathways are associated with wasp stings, and these might provide a basis for exploring mechanisms of wasp sting injury and potential targets for therapy.
Integrating Dynamic Pricing and Inventory Control for Fresh Agriproduct under Multinomial Logit Choice
Authors: Wang Xiong-zhi , Zhou Wenliang
Published: December 2018

In this article, we investigate a joint pricing and inventory problem for a retailer selling fresh agriproducts (FAPs) with two-period shelf lifetime in a dynamic stochastic setting, where new and old FAPs are on sale simultaneously. At the beginning of each period the retailer makes ordering decision for new FAP and sets regular and discount price for new and old inventories, respectively. After demand realization, the expired leftover is disposed and unexpired inventory is carried to the next period, continuing selling. Unmet demand of all FAPs is backordered. The objective is to maximize the total expected discount profit over the whole planning horizon. We present a price-dependent, stochastic dynamic programming model taking into account zero lead time, linear ordering costs, inventory holding, and backlogging costs, as well as disposal cost. Considering the influence of the perishability, we integrate a Multinomial Logit (MNL) choice model to describe the consumer behavior on purchasing fresh or nonfresh product. By way of the inverse of the price vector, the original formulation can be transferred to be jointly concave and tractable. Finally we characterize the optimal policy and develop effective methods to solve the problem and conduct a simple numerical illustration.
Urokinase Attenuates Pulmonary Thromboembolism in an Animal Model by Inhibition of Inflammatory Response
Authors: Shi Ying , Zhang Zhirong , Cai Danli , Kuang Jing , Jin Shuifang , Zhu Chen , Shen Yingying , Feng Wen , Ying Songmin , Wang Lingcong
Published: December 2018

Inflammatory response is an important determining factor for the mortality of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. Inflammatory mediators can promote thrombus formation and increase hemodynamic instability. Urokinase is a commonly used drug for the treatment of PTE. The effect of urokinase on inflammatory reaction in PTE is still unclear. Our study was aimed at evaluating the effects of the intervention of urokinase and urokinase combined with aspirin in PTE rats. Results revealed that a large amount of infiltrated inflammatory cells surrounding the bronchus, vessels, and pulmonary mesenchyme, and even pulmonary abscess were observed in the PTE rats. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 coexpression, CX3CL1/NF-κB coexpression, and TXA2 were significantly higher. After treatment with urokinase, pulmonary embolism was partially dissolved and inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly reduced. The expression of TNNI3, BNP, D2D, PASP, PADP, PAMP, and TXA2, as well as CX3CL1/CX3CR1 coexpression and CX3CL1/NF-κB coexpression were significantly lowered. Aspirin showed no synergistic action. Therefore, these findings suggested the occurrence of inflammation during the process of PTE in rats. Urokinase treatment reduced the inflammatory response.
Duodenum Inversum: A Rare Cause of Chronic Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Chandan Saurabh , Choudhry Chandan Ojasvini , Hewlett Alexander Todd
Published: December 2018

Duodenum inversum (DI), also known as inverted duodenum or duodenum reflexum, is a congenital malformation in which the third portion of the duodenum, instead of continuing leftward to the ligament of Treitz, reverses direction and travels in a superior, posterior track prior to crossing the midline above the pancreas. We present a case of a 62-year-old woman presenting with chronic nausea and vomiting, subsequently found to have DI.
LincRNA-p21 Inhibits Cell Viability and Promotes Cell Apoptosis in Parkinson’s Disease through Activatingα-Synuclein Expression
Authors: Xu Xiaonan , Zhuang Chengle , Wu Zimu , Qiu Hongyan , Feng Haixia , Wu Jun
Published: December 2018

Long intergenic noncoding RNA-p21 (lincRNA-p21) has been reported to be increased in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the function and underlying mechanisms of lincRNA-p21 remain not clear. In order to explore the role of lincRNA-p21 in PD, we used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to inducein vivoPD model (C57BL/6 mice) and utilized N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to createin vitroPD model (SH-SY5Y cells). Results showed that the expression level of lincRNA-p21 was increased significantly in PD models. High abundance of lincRNA-p21 inhibited viability and promoted apoptosis markedly in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+. Mechanistically, further experiments demonstrated that upregulation of lincRNA-p21 could sponge miR-1277-5p and indirectly increase the expression ofα-synuclein to suppress viability and activate apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. In short, our study illustrated that lincRNA-p21/miR-1277-5p axis regulated viability and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+via targetingα-synuclein. LincRNA-p21 might be a novel target for PD.
BrucellaSeroprevalence in a High-Risk Population in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Andriopoulos Panagiotis , Floros Dimitrios , Gioti Natalia , Mariolis Anargiros , Rojas Gil Andrea Paola , Tsironi Maria
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Brucellosis is a zoonosis with high occupational risk. However, seroprevalence ofBrucellaantibodies among occupational groups is not known, since studies in endemic countries are rare.Methods. A cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted among livestock farmers in an endemic region in Greece. A low-risk group of individuals that just moved in the region was used as controls. Rose Bengal, Wright standard tube agglutination (STA) tests, and specific IgG and IgM antibodies using ELISA were evaluated; differences and odds ratios were calculated. Results were compared with studies from other endemic regions.Results. 100 livestock farmers and family members and 34 first-year students were enrolled. Rose Bengal results were 18% positive versus 0% (p=0.007); Wright STAs forBrucella melitensiswere 8% versus 2.9% (p=0.448) and forBrucella abortusthey were 2% versus 2.9% (p=0.588). ELISA IgG was positive in 8% of farmers versus 2.9% of students (p=0.448). Parallel testing with Rose Bengal and ELISA IgG was positive in 3% versus 0% (p=0.571). No significant odds ratios were calculated for Wright STAs and ELISA IgG.Conclusions. Healthy livestock farmers may present with positive Rose Bengal test but this translates to true seroprevalence in only a small proportion. Livestock farmers have no significant seroprevalence that may obscure diagnosis of acute brucellosis in clinical settings.
Optimal Improper Gaussian Signaling for Physical Layer Security in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Oliveira Guilherme , Fernández Evelio , Mafra Samuel , Montejo-Sánchez Samuel , Azurdia-Meza César
Published: December 2018

The next generations of wireless communications are expected to have great demand for security and spectrum efficiency, and the current secrecy solutions may not be enough. In this paper we propose an optimization framework to address the physical layer security in cognitive radio networks when the secondary users employ improper Gaussian signaling. We resort to genetic algorithms to find optimal values of the secondary transmit power and the degree of impropriety, simultaneously. Then, two different problems regarding the system performance are solved: minimizing the secrecy outage probability and maximizing the secondary achievable rate. In both problems we evaluate, besides the secrecy outage probability, the effective secure throughput and the secure energy efficiency of the system as well. The results show that the secondary network using improper signaling outperforms conventional proper signaling in terms of secrecy outage probability and the effective secure throughput, while in terms of the secure energy efficiency, adopting proper signals attains better performance than improper ones.
A Novel Case of Fibroids after Menopause
Authors: Edwards Jade , Katali Hamza
Published: December 2018

Fibroids are a condition commonly seen as part of routine gynaecological practice and generally present with menorrhagia, infertility, or pressure symptoms depending on their exact location. We report the case of a postmenopausal 57-year-old lady presenting with left-sided pain and frequency with a complex 15 cm mass mid pelvis and an adjacent additional 7 cm cyst but a risk of malignancy index suggesting benign pathology. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and right-sided salpingo-oophrectomy (RSO) on recommendation of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) and histology confirmed leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. This rare but important condition is often confused with peritoneal carcinomatosis on imaging. The mainstay of treatment involves lesion and omental excision followed by removal of hormonal stimuli although this approach must be personalised as many younger women may wish to retain their uteri. Long-term follow-up is essential due to the potential for malignant transformation.
Daily 800 mg versus 600 mg Efavirenz for HIV Patients Treating Tuberculosis with a Rifampicin-Based Regimen: An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xavier Mariana S. , Trajman Anete , Schmaltz Carolina A. S. , Sant’anna Flavia M. , Maia Ivan R. , Hadad David J. , Brasil Pedro Emmanuel A. A. do , Rolla Valeria
Published: December 2018

Objectives. Pharmacokinetics studies recommend increasing efavirenz dosage in tuberculosis/HIV patients using rifampicin. We aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of 600 versus 800 mg of efavirenz in tuberculosis/HIV patients using rifampicin.Design. We conducted an open label, multicentre, randomized trial from 2006 to 2012. The primary outcome was the proportion of undetectable viral load (HIV-VL) within six months. Secondary outcomes were time to achieve primary endpoint, trajectories of HIV-VL, proportion of any adverse events (AE), proportion of severe and serious AE (SSAE), and time to treatment interruption due to SSAE.Methods. Efavirenz-naïve patients were randomized 30 days after rifampicin-containing regimens initiation to receive 600 (comparison arm) or 800 mg (intervention arm) efavirenz-based regimens and followed-up for 180 days.Results. Sixty-five and 67 participants were respectively included in the comparison and intervention arms with 64.6% (52.5%-65.1%) and 62.7% (50.7%-73.3%) attaining undetectable HIV-VL in six months. Median time to attain undetectable HIV-VL was 70 days in both arms, with HIV-VL overlapping trajectories during follow-up. Cough, acne, and dizziness were more frequent in the intervention arm. SSAE were observed in 19.1% (13.8%-25.8%) and 25.0% (18.9%-33.2%), respectively. Survival curves up to the first SSAE-attributed treatment interruption were similar. None of the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion. Efficacy of efavirenz was similar regardless of dosage. Differences regarding safety occurred as mild and transient events, which did not interfere with treatment. Similar efficacy and safety (SSAE) and lower tolerance (minor AE) in the intervention group favour the use of 600 mg efavirenz in patients using rifampicin.
Kissing Balloon Technique for Angioplasty of Tibioperoneal Arteries Bifurcation Using Pedal Arterial Retrograde Revascularization
Authors: Amro Ahmed , Aqtash Obadah , Elhamdani Adee , El-Hamdani Mehiar
Published: December 2018

Background. Kissing Balloon Technique using retrograde pedal approach together with anterograde common femoral artery (CFA) approach could be the treatment of choice in patients with diseased infrapopliteal artery bifurcation. We report seven cases where the KBT was utilized for the treatment of diseased infrapopliteal artery bifurcation using retrograde pedal access in conjunction with the conventional common femoral artery (CFA) access. Methods. We reviewed all seven cases that underwent KBT with the combination of pedal and common femoral access in a single-center study from 2014 to 2015 utilizing Rutherford classification severity index; all cases were deemed stage 3 (severe claudication) to stage 6 (severe ischemic ulcers or frank gangrene). With the exception of two cases, contralateral femoral access was obtained, with sheath sizes varying from 4 to 6 French for both CFA and pedal access. Ultrasound was utilized for ipsilateral pedal access in all seven cases. Results. Arterial revascularization was successfully achieved by the KBT in all patients without any complications. All patients achieved procedural success, which is defined as residual stenosis of less than 30% with no dissection or thrombosis and clinical success that is defined as resolution of symptoms (absence of intermittent claudication and healing of the ulcer) as well as improvement in the arterial brachial index (ABI). During follow-up, out of the seven cases, repeat angiogram was performed for one case, which showed patent arteries with no residual lesions. Conclusions. In patients with popliteal and tibioperoneal trunk bifurcation lesions, Kissing Balloon Technique using retrograde pedal access in conjunction with the conventional anterograde access appeared to be successful, safe, and effective technique with lower access site complications and shorter procedure time.
In Vitro Murine Hematopoiesis Supported by Signaling from a Splenic Stromal Cell Line
Authors: Lim Hong Kiat , Periasamy Pravin , O’Neill Helen C.
Published: December 2018

There are very few model systems which demonstrate hematopoiesis in vitro. Previously, we described unique splenic stromal cell lines which support the in vitro development of hematopoietic cells and particularly myeloid cells. Here, the 5G3 spleen stromal cell line has been investigated for capacity to support the differentiation of hematopoietic cells from progenitors in vitro. Initially, 5G3 was shown to express markers of mesenchymal but not endothelial or hematopoietic cells and to resemble perivascular reticular cells in the bone marrow through gene expression. In particular, 5G3 resembles CXCL12-abundant reticular cells or perivascular reticular cells, which are important niche elements for hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. To analyse the hematopoietic support function of 5G3, specific signaling pathway inhibitors were tested for the ability to regulate cell production in vitro in cocultures of stroma overlaid with bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. These studies identified an important role for Wnt and Notch pathways as well as tyrosine kinase receptors like c-KIT and PDGFR. Cell production in stromal cocultures constitutes hematopoiesis, since signaling pathways provided by splenic stroma reflect those which support hematopoiesis in the bone marrow.