bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeological Conditions of Groundwater Aquifers/ West Makhul, North Iraq
Authors: Sabar Abdallah Saleh  , Saja Sami Mohammed  , Sawsan Hameed Al-Hazaa
Published: April 2023

The lithological description of drilled wells and pumping test analysis used to determine the hydrogeological conditions of the west Makhul area, the main ground water aquifer in the area represented by unconfined aquifer within the sediments of Injana Formation, the hydraulic properties of this aquifer (Transmissivity, Storage coefficient, Hydraulic conductivity) were estimated by pumping test, the flow net of ground water was plotted, it reflected that the ground water flow direction from the northeastern to the southwestern which compatible with the general direction of surface drainage system and general slope
Sedimentological and Geochemical Study of Foundation Zone Sediment at Baiji City, North Iraq
Authors: LaftaS.Kadhim  , Reem M. Jasim  , Sabbar A. Saleh
Published: April 2023

The study includes grain size analysis, clay minerals, selected heavy metals, total dissolved solids and chemical properties. The grain size analyses of (78) samples indicate that the upper layers of the floodplain are fine where the lower layers are coarser. The identification of abundance clay minerals are; Kaolinite, Montmorilonite, Illite, Chlorite and Palygorskite. The (pH) of the sediments ranged (7.07–7.33) with average (7.22), the values of (EC) ranged (1.71-6.42) with average (3.45) and the variation may be due to the variation of climate conditions, while the sulfates SO3 between (0.256% –8.985%) with average (1.70), and that may due to presence of primary or secondary gypsum. The (T.S.S) ranged between (0.490%–12.550%) with average (3.42) and organic content range between (0.342%–3.272%) with average (1.55).
The concentrations of Co, Zn, Sr, Ni, Pb, and Cd in (ppm), indicate that Co, Zn, and Ni elements are higher than the standards in the earth crust while the others within the limits of the earth crust or less than that.
Mechanical And Physical Properties oF a Hybrid Composite With Basis oF Aluminum
Authors: Raed N. Razooqi
Published: April 2023

This research inculdes using a powder metallurgy technique (PM) to manufacture composites with a basis of (99.7%) purity of Aluminum, and by adopting a volumetric ratios via adding both copper with purity and Graphite with (99.8%) purity as reinforced materials. The Copper is added in a constant ratio and with different ratios (0, 3, 6, 9, 12) and (15%). The pressing process was in one way with a pressure of (700-MPa).for forming. This research studied effect of the reinforcing on the physical and mechanical properties of composites after sintering them with a temperature of (600◦C) for two hours by an oven with a heat rate of (4◦C/min).
The results show that the Graphite content is inversely proportional with the volumetric and apparent density and the thermal conductivity when the composite F (Al+4%Cu) got high properties. Furthermore , both composites F and A had the same behavior for mechanical properties such as hardness and radial compression strength .
In addition , the total porosity and the ability of water absorption was increase with Graphite ratio in composites, as example the ability of water absorption increased by (0.61%) for composite B (Al+4%Cu+3%Gr) Compared with composite F.
The Bayesian Estimate of Vector Autoregressive Model Parameters Adopt Informative Prior Information
Authors: Haifaa Abdulgawwad Saeed  , Wasfi Taher Saleh  , Mahasen Saleh Al-Talib
Published: April 2023

This research included the bayesian estimate for vector Autoregressive model with rank (p) in addition to statistical tests and predict Bayesian when the random error of model followed generalized multivariate modified Bessel distribution. The prior information about the parameters of model is represented by probability distributions belong to conjugate families. It found that the posterior marginal probability distribution for parameters matrix (Φ) is a Matrix t distribution, The posterior marginal probability distribution of covariance matrix (Σ) is uncommon and the predictive  probability distribution of future observations vector is multivariate t distribution.
Effect of Cefotaxime Administration on the kidney, liver and Lung of Swiss white Mice (mus musculus)
Authors: Asraa Abed Jazaa
Published: April 2023

The present study was designed to monitor the impact a drug such as cefotaxime has on the histological architecture of the kidney, liver and Lung on Swiss white mice.
The experiment was designed by using 30 Swiss white mice from both sexes.

Mice were classified randomly into three groups:

Group A: Control Group, injected intramuscularly with 0.5ml distilled water daily for 6 days.
Group B: Therapeutical Dose, Injected intramuscularly with 0.1 ml cefotaxime  daily for 6 days.
Group C: Extra Therapeutical Dose, Injected with 0.2 ml cefotaxime daily for 6 days.
At the end of the experimental period, the kidney, liver and lung of the mice were taken and processed for histological study.
The behavioral results showed a lower appetite and decrease in weight in the mice present in Group C.
Histologically,the kidney and liver showed numerous abnormalities at the end of the treatment period compared to that of the control group.
Pyknosis, Karyohyxis and Karyolysis were found in the liver cell nuclei.
While infiltration of the lymphocytes was present. Necrosis of the hepatocytes were observed clearly throughout the tissue present in the lung.
Renal convoluted tubules show atrophy and necrosis of cell with hypertrophy of glomeruli.
Degeneration and shrinkage of the renal tubule cells with the appearance of pyknosis of nuclei was also found.
Due to these destructive results on the liver and kidney cells it was concluded that cefotaxime caused many cell abnormalities and dysfunction in general.
Pulmonary and Hepatic lesions in slaughtered sheep in Mosul city
Authors: Hadeel Basim Thannon
Published: April 2023

The aim of study was designed to determine the prevalence rates, gross and histopathological lesions of lungs and livers in sheep slaughtered house at Mosul city. 9127 slaughtered sheep were examined During April and May 2014. 1235 infected carcasses were observed harboring different pathological gross lesions in the lungs and livers with 10.26% and 3.26% prevalence rates. The highest prevalence rates of gross pathological lesions of the lung were pneumonia of various types and the lightest was observed in T.B-like lesions was 3.34% and 0.04% out of total slaughtered sheep, respectively. In the affected livers, peak and the lowest prevalence of gross lesions were 0.77% for fascioliasis and 0.14% for enlarged and pale livers out of the total sheep ante-mortem inspected, respectively. However in the lungs, different rates of histopathological lesions were recorded for interstitial pneumonia, edema, emphysema, bronchopneumonia, atelectasis, verminous pneumonia, granuloma, necrosis and hemorrhage in variable percentages. As concerned with the liver, these microscopc lesions were coagulative necrosis, hepatic congestion, hydatid cysts, hemosiderin deposition, sinusoidal congestion, vacuolar degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells forming various rates. Uniform pathological observations and similar remarks of microscopical changes having identical description and morphological features were entirely demonstrated as explained in pathology references.
Synthesis and Characterization Some of Metals (ƖƖ) Complexes' with Mixed Ligands of saccharinate and Isatin Schiff Base
Authors: Modher Y. Mohammed  , Ahmad Najem Abd  , Anfal S. Ali
Published: April 2023

This research paper includes synthesis and characterization of some complexes of Zn(II),Hg(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) with mix ligands of saccharinate and  Schiff base derived from Isatin. All the synthesized complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, uv-visible, magnetic susceptibility, atomic absorption , infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopy ,Metal to ligand [M:L] ratio was obtained for all complexes in ethanol. The concluded chemical formulas of the complexes were [M(sac)2(L)2] ,where {M=(Zn(II) , Hg(II) ,Cd(II)} tetrahedral geometry and for the complexes [M(sac)2(L)(H2O)2] ,where (M=Co , Ni and Cu), were  octahedral geometry, sac=saccharinate, and L=C14H10N2O2
Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorpromazine HCl by Oxidative Coupling Method in Pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Abdul Majeed Khorsheed Ahmed  , Mohsen Hamza Baker  , Noor Aladdin Hussein
Published: April 2023

The research includes the development of spectrophotometric method for determination microgram amounts of CPZ via oxidative coupling with the Sodium sulphacetamide reagent in presence of oxidizing agent potassium persulphate in the acidic medium (pH=1.8) to form a violet colored-dye, which is soluble in water and showed the highest intensity of absorption at λ max 550 nm. The method has been obeyed Beer's Law in the concentration range (2 - 20) µg/ml, with molar absorptivity of 1.2791 ×104  L/ mol. Cm, Sandel Index value 0.0278 µg/cm2. The detection limit 0.1727 µg/ml, with correlation coefficient 0.9983, the relative standard deviation of the method does not exceed 0.8933%, the proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparation
Estimate the Attenuation and Simulation of dispersion Gaussian pulses propagation in a Single Mode Optical Fiber
Authors: Mubarak Hamad Oglah
Published: April 2023

we studied Attenuation in Fiber Optics, we used two type of Fibers (Plastic and glass) with length (0.5,5,20m) and (1,20,100m) respectively and used two wavelength laser (660nm, 850nm), we found attenuation increase with 850nm wavelength and 660nm wavelength are the best for the plastic fiber optics, in addition the attenuation which occur from axial gap, axes rotation, inclination angle, transversal displacement are investigated. Influence three values of linear dispersion on Pulse propagation along fiber at seam distance is investigated by simulation using Fourier Method using MATLAB.
Digital Video Compression Using DCT-Based Iterated Function System (IFS)
Authors: Nevart A. Minas  , Faten H. Al-Qadhee
Published: April 2023

Large video files processing involves a huge volume of data. The codec, storage systems and network needs resource utilization, so it becomes important to minimize the used memory space and time to distribute these videos over the Internet using compression techniques. Fractal image and video compression falls under the category of lossy compression. It gives best results when used for natural images.
This paper presents an efficient method to compress  an AVI (Audio Video Interleaved) file with fractal video compression(FVC). The video first is separated into a sequence of frames that are a color bitmap images, then images are transformed from RGB color space to Luminance/Chrominance components (YIQ) color space; each of these components is compressed alone with Enhanced Partition Iterated Function System (EPIFS), then  fractal codes are saved.
The classical IFS suffers from a very long encoding time that needed  to find the best matching for each range block when compared with the domain image blocks. In this work, the (FVC) is enhanced by enhancing the IFS of the fractal image compression using a classification scheme based on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Experimentation is performed by considering different block sizes and jump steps to reduce number of the tested domain blocks. Results shows a significant reduction in the encoding time with good quality and high compression ratio for different video files.
Proposed Prototype for Multimedia Protocol in m-Health to Support a Communication between Patient and Hospital
Authors: Naktal Moaid Edan
Published: April 2023

Rapid advances in wireless communications and networking technologies, linked with advances in computing and medical technologies, facilitate the development and offering of emerging mobile systems and services in the healthcare sector. The objective of this paper is to identify the overview of the current multimedia communication protocols used in m-Health, such as SIP, RTCP, RTSP and RTP; and the challenges of mobile health systems, devices, and services. Also, propose a scenario to support communication between the patient and the hospital. m-Health systems will significantly affect the delivery of patient’s data in an ambulance; however, their exploitation in daily practice remains to be achieved.
Protective role of CoQ10 in reducing the side effects resulting from the use of Tramadol on some immunological variables in the endemic female rabbits
Authors: Hanan Shihab Ahmad Hussain  , Zaid M.Mubark AL-Mahdawi  , Muneef Saab Ahmed Aljanabi
Published: April 2023

The aim of study to determine out the role of CoQ10 in reducing the side effects from the use of Tramadol on the level of Interlukin IL-6, IL-10 and PGF2α the study included 30 endemic female rabbits, where each group included  5 animals. The results showed increase with a highly significant with (P≤0.01) in the concentration of IL-10 in sera of treated group with tramadol (initial dose) and group treated tramadol (double dose) group treated tramadol (initial dose + CoQ10) and group treated  with tramadol (double dose + CoQ10) compare with control.
The results showed no significant differences in the concentration of IL-10 in sera of treated group with Co Q10 compare with control. The results revealed  high significant increase  (P≤0.01) in the concentration of IL-6 in the sera of the treated group with  tramadol (double dose) group treated with  tramadol (initial dose + COQ10) as compared with the control and the results showed the presence of high significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the concentration of IL-6 in the sera of the group treated with tramadol (initial dose) and treated with group tramadol (double dose + COQ10) compare with control. the results showed there were no significant differences in the concentration of IL-6 in serum of group treated with CoQ10 as compare with control. Results indicated occurrence of high significant increase (P≤0.01) in a concentration of PGF 2α in serum of the group  treated with tramadol (initial dose) and group treated with tramadol (double dose)and group treated with tramadol (initial dose + CoQ10) and group treated with tramadol (double dose +CoQ10) compare with control. The results showed presence of a highly significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the concentration of P G F 2α in sera of group treated  with  CoQ10 as compare with control.
Evaluation the effect of Retin - A on some internal organs and skin in pregnant white mice Mus musculus and embryos
Authors: Zeena Ibrahim Khalil Ibrahim Al-Medalal  , Aziz Khalid Hamid Al Biaty
Published: April 2023

The study included the effect of different doses of Ritan A, both in: cream Ritan A topical, and  Ritan A drug oral forms. The study included the effect of cream in histopathological lesions of the skin dorsal region and the effect of the drug in causing distortions morphological and histopathological lesions in the liver and kidney of pregnant mice  Mus musculus and their  fetuses and the extent of its influence in the appearance of congenital malformations macroscopic and influence on the histopathological lesions of the liver and kidney of embryos .
Histological examination of the skin of mice treated cream Ritan A showed number of histopathological lesions represented the expansion of the skin layer and the dermis and the occurrence of necrosis of nuclear, and the histological examination of the liver and kidney of pregnant females were treated with a drug Ritan A oral are necrosis and hemorrhage and infiltration of lymphocytes and swelling of the epithelial cells with appearance desquamation of renal tubule epithelium and contraction of renal glomeruli and damage to the glomeruli in the Overdose and  lethal dose groups
Green Tea extrat Effect on number of blood Criteria of lab rabbits Afflicted whith Entamoeba histolytica parasite
Authors: Ouhood mozahim Shakir  , Shahad M.Mahmood
Published: April 2023

The study includes the effect of  alcoholic extract of green tea on the Newzealand white male rabbits putrefied by Entamoeba histolytica parasite which causes Amoebic dysentery disease. The study dependes on several criteria including the examination of variations in complete blood picture (C.B.P) presented by the whole and differential account of white and red blood cells, pressed red cells volume (P.C.V), hemoglobin (Hb) rate, and blood platelets number. The study concludes that variations in blood component occur when parasites enter and after the treatment with green tea alcoholic extract; where significant decrease result at level (P<0.01) in the total amount of white cells and granular cells and insignificant decrease in lymphatic cells, and single cells and red blood cells. hemoglobin rate also increased as well These results show the efficiency of green tea alcoholic extract in improving blood standards through variations occurring in blood proportion.
Study the protective role of pomegranate juice compared L-carentin the fertility of male local rabbits against the toxicity of cadmium chloride
Authors: Qasim Aziz Razooqi  , Saleh M. Rahim Ai-obaidy  , Sahib J. Abdou-Rahman
Published: April 2023

This study was designed to identify the impact of the toxicity of cadmium chloride on the fertility of male local rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus and preventive role of pomegranate juice and L-carnitine against this toxin, used in this study, 30 local male rabbits were randomly divided into six groups each group containing 5 animals, the first group given distilled water which considered as healthy control group, the second group was treated with cadmium chloride (5mg/kg) of body weight and promised infected control, The third group given pomegranate juice 6 ml/kg of body weight, The group fourth given L-carnitine (28 mg/kg) of body weight, The group fifth set was treated with cadmium (chloride 5mg/kg) of body weight, with given pomegranate juice 6 ml/kg of body weight, The six group was treated as cadmium chloride 5 mg/kg of body weight with given L-carentin 28 mg/kg of body weight. The results showed that the treatment of animals with cadmium chloride led to negative effects on sperm parameters consisted decrease significantly (P≤ 0.05) in traffic and the number of live natural and shape of it, rising significantly in the number of non motile sperm and the number of dead sperm and sperm-shaped deformed, while the dosage animals resulted in that with juice of the pomegranate and L-carentin on respectively and with cadmium chloride to events significant increase in the number of mobile sperm and the number of living sperm and natural shape of it. and significantly decrease in the number of non motile sperm and the number of dead sperm and sperm-shaped distorted.
Histological Changes Indused by Monosodium Glutamate on the Growth and Development of the Offsprings Albino Mice Cornea
Authors: Maieda Noori Ibrahim  , Samira Abd Al Hussian
Published: April 2023

This research aim to study the effect of different doses of a Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) to cause histopathological changes in the offspring corneal for the ages 7, 15, 21, 30, and 60 days. The mothers, type Mus musculus mice has been orally administrated from 17th day of pregnancy by different concentrations (2, 4, and 8 g/Kg/ body weight) of MSG using stomach tube. Microscopic examination showed no changes in the cornea for a seventh day and administrated concentrations of 2 and 4 g / kg body weight, but observed degeneration of fibre  stroma, necrosis and the reduction of the anterior epithelial layer of the cornea at dose of 8 g / kg. In the group of 15 days, these changes are mentioned; hyperplasia in the anterior epithelium of the peripheral cornea of 2 g, deformation in the peripheral part of the cornea and the reduction of thickness and intensify the stroma components at a concentration of 4 g either at a concentration of 8 g / kg has appeared  hyperplasia in fibroblast cells in the corneal stroma and wave of the basement membrane of anterior epithelial tissue of central cornea. In a group 21days, these changes are shown; necrosis and rarefaction in stroma of central cornea while the reduction of the anterior epithelial layer of the peripheral cornea notes and wave anterior surface of the cornea in the concentration of 2 g / kg. Deformation appeared and reduction layers and irregular with dissociation in the stromal fibers in some areas in the concentration of 4 g / kg, while in the concentration of 8 g / kg show damage in the anterior part of epithelial of the central corneal tissue. In a group 30 days and concentration of 2 g / kg, these changes were observed; necrosis, swelling in some anterior epithelial cells, condensation of nuclei in endothelial  cells, with Keratinized at the surface of the cornea and edema in the stroma. Bulge appeared in the stroma of peripheral cornea and hyperplasia in fiberoblast at a concentration of 4g/kg, meanwhile at a concentration of 8 g/kg show necrosis under the anterior epithelium of central cornea and  dissociation of stromal fiberoblast.  In the group 60 Days at the concentration of 2 g / kg show damage in the anterior epithelial tissue of the peripheral cornea and hyperplasia in some parts of the anterior epithelial tissue in the central cornea. At the concentration of 4g/kg show damage in the stromal fibers of peripheral corneal epithelium and detachment of endothelial tissue. In concentration  8 g/kg reduction appeared in the anterior epithelial tissue in the certain part of the cornea,  hyperplasia in endothelial tissue, condensed  layer appeared on the surface of anterior epithelial tissue.
The Prevalence of Whipworms Trichuris Trichiura In Outpatient Laboratories In The Baiji City
Authors: Intisar Ghanim Abdulwahhab
Published: April 2023

This study included one hundred 100 fecal samples collected from several outpatient laboratories in the city of Baiji for subjects with symptoms consisted of diarrhea, fever, loss of weight, etc. for the period from March 2014 to May 2014 for different age groups ranged between 2 to 52 years for both genders. The samples have been examined using the direct swab moist method, and the concentration Formaldehyde – ether method, then dyed with lugol iodine pigment 1% to identify whipworms Trichuris Trichiura in the stool samples
The total infestation percentage with Trichuris Trichiura was % 44 in all the samples, and the distribution of infection rates by gender shows that a higher infection rate was of women, reaching to 72.73% while it was only 27.27% in male subjects. The study also, recorded infection rates of 86.36% and 13.64% for water sources of municipality pipe and water wells respectively. Also, the age group of 15-27 years old are the most susceptible to infection with a rate of 38.64%, followed by the age group of 41-52 years which have 27.27%, followed by the age group of 28-40 years which have only by 18.18%, while the age group of 2-14 years are the least likely to be infected with a rate of 15.91%, and the study also showed that the infection was also accompanied with various symptoms, where the abdominal pain and weight loss were the most common symptoms in 50% of the cases.
By comparing stool samples properties with those symptoms, found that diarrhea with abdominal pain and weight loss is the most common symptoms at a rate of 60.00%. However, other symptoms like fever and weight loss were not seen in the infected subjects, unlike diarrhea which was a predominant property of stool samples for the infected subjects with a rate of 68.18%.
The preparation of " salicylic acid azo 2,2,4,4 tetrahydroxybenzophenon" dye using Dowex in the acidic form as a catalyst
Authors: Ammar A. Dawood  , Emaad M. Awsaj  , Alaa S. Ateaa
Published: April 2023

The preparation of azo dye derivative  from " p- amino Salicylic acid " through preparation diazonium salt from aromatic amine followed by coupling reaction with (2,2,4,4-tetrahydroxybenzophenonto) was carried out to give (salicylic acid azo 2,2,4,4  tetrahydroxybenzophenon) using Dowex in the acidic form as a catalyst. The structure of azo dye produced by this reaction was assigned on the bases of spectral data (FT-IR) and (C.H.N.) analysis and the results obtained indicated the occurrence of the coupling reaction by the novel acidic catalyst.
Uses of intercalation reactions for modification the structure of smectite mineral of bentonite (Maastrichtian and Danian) western desert / Iraq
Authors: Ahid Younis Al-Mallah  , Yasser Faris Ghanim
Published: April 2023

The smectite mineral of bentonite deposits within Digma (Maastrichtian) and Akashat (Danian) formations in the western desert of Iraq distinguished by hydrophilic properties, and the presence of Ca and sometimes Na in the interlayer space. To improve the surface properties of smectite for its contribution in industrial and environmental fields, Octadecylamine has been used for modification of smectite inorganic substance in the molar ratio of SMT:ODA=1:3 at 80 cº for 24 hr. reaction time. The intercalation confirmed by powder x-ray diffraction. The results show that the sample (T18/2) (Danian) has more organophilic than the sample (BS2C) for Maastrichtian
Assisting gas effect on cutting process of Formica and Emery paper using low power (1.6 Watt) laser diode
Authors: Walid K. Hamoudi  , Abdul-Majeed E. Ibrahim  , Akram A. Khalaf
Published: April 2023

1.6 W diode laser operating at 808nm was used to cut Formica and Emery paper. The laser light was concentratedon the samples’ surfaces by using a positive lens. Comparison was made between the results of cutting quality obtained when using active and non-active assisting gasses. The results obtained revealedthe possibility of obtaining optimum cuts when selecting carefully the cutting parameters and environment.0.36 mm Emery paper was the best example for showing the effect of processing gas on cutting quality. The penetration depths for this material when employing ordinary air, O2 and CO2 were: 0.13, 0.36 and 0.16 mm with cutting kerfs of 0.23, 0.33 and 0.26 mm respectively. The use of O2 helped achieving a full penetration cutting of this material but with deformed cutting edges whereas the use of CO2 gas helped maintaining minimum material removal but on the expenses of the cutting depth
Study The Effect of Increase Exposure Distance to Power and Beam Diameter in CO2Laser
Authors: Khalil Ibrahim Mohammed
Published: April 2023

In this research, a practical determination of the power in CO2 laser at every value from the operating current had been studied. The measurement had been carried out through the calculations of the temperature produced by the laser beam, in addition, the effect of the distance between the leaser generator and the target had been measured, furthermore, increase of the spot diameter was studied at the increase of the distance between the laser device and the target  surface.  
Results have confirmed that the laser power was increased linearly with the operating current of the laser system, as it should be expected. On the other hand Laser spot had been found to be less sensitive to distances from the laser below (10) cm, and found to be increased (30) times at distances more than (55) cm.
Astudy of organic solvents to obtain bio-products from two genus of cyanobacteria, Anabaena sp. 65, Nostoc sp. 69 and identification of toxins in these bio-products by Hplc/Ms technique
Authors: Aeman Awni Saleem
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the types of organic solvents (Ethanol, Methanol, Diethyl ether, Acetone and water) on the amount of bio-products derived from two genus of cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp. Tu 65 and Nostoc sp. Tu 69) who were isolated and growth on selective media ASM-1 under temperature at (26) °C and pH (7.6) under continuous lighting intensity (2500) Lux for 30 days. The growth were measured by optical density by spectrophotometer at wave length 436 nm. The daily growth of the genus Anabaena sp. Tu 65 showed higher than that of the genus Nostoc sp. Tu 69.Extractionby organic solvents shown that the Methanol is the best solvent for extraction of  bio-products from the two genus followed by Ethanol,  Diethyl ether, Acetone and water respectively.
Identification the toxic compounds in the bio-products by HPLC_MS technique shown that the bio-products from the genus Anabaena sp. Tu 65, the presence of neurotoxin (anatoxin a (s)) as well as the presence of the compound ADDA (3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid), one of the key parts for all types of Microcystins which considered as important of liver toxins produced by cyanobacteria, which, as the spectrum readings showed the presence of hepatic toxin [D-Asp3, Dha7] MCYST-LR is one of the types of Microcystins.
While the bio-products from the genus Nostoc sp. Tu 69 shown the presence of the compound (MCYST-YM (O)) which also one of the types of liver toxin Microcystin, as well as the presence of another hepatic toxin [D-Asp3, Dha7] MCYST-LR, whichis another type of Microcystins too, as well as the presence of neurotoxin Anatoxin a( s),also the probability of the presence of  another neurotoxin Anatoxin, which appeared in the spectrum readings.
Comparative study of the carnitine, Gensing, Dill, and Arginine effect in sperm of normal and experimentally H2O2 induced oxidative stres albino male rats
Authors: Hussien Mohammad Tayawi  , Sahib Jumaa Abdurrahman
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of Carnitine, Gensing, Dill and Arginine in characteristics of the sperms:total sperm, percentage of live and dead sperm, normal and abnormal sperm in male normal and exposuedrats to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2(0.5%) in drinking water during the experiment for 30 days. Fifty male rats used in age 12-14 weeks in weights (300-325g) divided randomly into 10 groups, included 5 in each group as following. 
Control, H2O2 , Carnitine , carnitine + H2O2 , Gensing , Gensing + H2O2, Dill, Dill+ H2O2, Arginine, Arginine + H2O2 groups.
Results showed:
1- Treating normal rats with Carnitine, Gensing , Dill, Arginine, led to a significant increase in value(P≤0.05) in Total sperm,  percentage of live sperm, and a significant decrease in dead sperm and no difference in normal and abnormal sperm  percentage  comparing to control group.
2- Oxidative stress Induced by H2O2 led to significant increase in value (P≤ 0.05) in percentage of abnormal sperm comparing to control group. While there were a significant decrease in value (P≤0.05) in Total sperm, percentage of live and normal sperm.
3- Treating rats exposure to oxidative stress with Carnitine, Gensing, Dill, Arginine, led to a significant decrease in value (P≤0.05) in percentage of abnormal and dead sperm, While the treating led to significant increase in Total sperm, percentage of live and normal sperm.
Cytogenetic Effects Of Fumagillin On Male Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Wajdi Sabeeh Sadeq  , Asaad Abed-Elwahed Bader  , Yazan Ali Taha
Published: April 2023

The cytogenetic effects of Fumagillin were evaluated according to Mitotic Index (M.I) and aberration of metaphase chromosomes in bone marrow cells(CA) of white mice. The fumagillin was given as repeated oral gavages for 7 successive days after preparing the doses 10,15 at concentrations 20 mg/kg.b.wt. in 50% of sugar syrup . The positive control was given single I.p. dose of  20 mg/kg.b.wt. of methotrexate. The three dosages 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg.b.wt of Fumagillin induced significant decrease in mitotic index (3.90 ± 0.29, 3.60 ± 1.80, and 2.90 ±0.18) respectively compared with (7.10 ±0.29) for negative control. The results showed that the two dosages 15 and 20 mg/kg.b.wt of Fumagillin induced significant increase in the frequency of the chromosome aberration in bone marrow cells of the mice in the these groups (9.00± 0.92, 17.20 ± 1.42) respectively compared with (6.00 ±0.83) for negative control. The obtained result revealed the genetic and cellular toxic reaction of Fumagillin within the high and medium  limits studied doses.
Study of Erythropoietin and number of antibiotics in renal failure and thalassemia patients
Authors: Ansam Hussein Ali  , Sahib J. Abdurahman  , Mousa J. Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The current study included 130 people over a period of research from October 2015 to May 2016 who have renal failure and thalassemia. Samples were studied divided in three groups: the first group: included 50 people (62-20 years) with renal failure, and the second group: included 50 people(30-12 years) infected with thalassemia in addition to the 30 people (18-54 years) represented a group of healthy control. The present study aimed to find out the dynamic effect of the hormone erythropoietin and its role in anemia by examining the level of serum hormone erythropoietin among patients with thalassemia as well as anemia in patients with renal failure, in addition to the effect of some of the biochemical parameters associated antioxidants system such as Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. The study concludes the following results: The results showed a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the concentration of the erythropoietin hormone in the two groups of patients renal failure  while there was a significant increase in patients with a group of thalassemia for males and did not record results significant difference for a group of female thalassemia patients when compared with the control group. The results show that there is a significant decrease in the level of glutathione and SOD and catalase enzyme, and for both males and females in the patients groups when compared with the control group
Cross malformations and Histolgical Changes in Brain and Eyes of Mice and Their Embryos Exposed to Glue smoke
Authors: Hafidh Ibrahim Al-Sadi  , Hani Malallah Hamodi Al-Hmadani  , Rayya Ghalib Al-Sultan
Published: April 2023

Histological changes were detected in brain and eyes of female mice and their embryos as a result of exposure to the doses1500,2500 and 3500mg/kg body weight) of glue smoke given during the7th day of pregnancy as till the18th day of pregnancy. Data of behavioral changes were recorded of the2500and3500mg/kg body weight that included agitation, abnormal movements and hyperactivity. These changes continued for 30min were followed by fatigue, anorexia, and mice became located at one corner of the cageAbortions occurred at the rates15% and40%following the doses 2500 and 3500mg/kg body weight, respectively. This was coupled with the occurrence of  34%,65% and 80% doses of malformation due to the doses 1500,3500and3500mg/kg body weight respectively. Malformations included mongolism, stunted growth, head defects (encephalomeningocele and circular head which appeared as bird head), displacement of eyes and ears, skin wrinkling and flabness, skeletal deformities, and aberrations of limbs and tail.
Pathological lesions were developed on the fetuses included  hypercellularity of the cerebral cortex ,edema of the meninges and ophthalmic changes delayed growth and development of many parts of the eye, damage of the lens, edema of the outer plexiform layers of the retina and duplication of the retina. These results supported the putative pathological effect of glue smoke in brain and eyes of pregnant mice and their embryos.
Study and Analyze the Time Series of Daily Prices Oil World by Using ARIMA(p,d,q) Models
Authors: Mayadah Khalil Ghaffar
Published: April 2023

The research aims to use the ARIMA models to study and analyze the time series of Daily Prices Oil World 2010-2013 to find the best model for prediction. The results of the application showed that the appropriate and efficient model for the representation of time series data is the ARIMA (2.1.1). According to the estimation results of this model, the prediction results time series of Daily Prices Oil World for the period 2010-2013 were consistent with those of the original time series
Study of response Trigonella foenum- graecum to spraying with high potassium (Miller) and high phosphor (Agroleaf)
Authors: Abrar Akeel Naser
Published: April 2023

The experiment was conducted in one of horticulture station through the season 2013-2014 , to study the response of Trigonella foenum - graecum to spraying with high potassium Miller and high phosphor Agroleaf , the experiment was including six treatment comparison was results from the interaction between two factors , the first one spraying with high potassium Miller with three levels (0, 250, 400) gm. 100L-1, The second spraying with high phosphor Agroleaf in two levels (0, 400) gm, 100 L-1,  replicated three times gave eighteen experiment units. R.C.B.D. was choosen in factorial experiment , the results compared in Duncan test at 5%. Results are summarized that high potassium spraying (400gm . 100L-1) and high phosphor Agroleaf spraying second level 400gm. 100L-1 gave highest value (35.58, 5.66, 12.16, 11.5, 305.5) and (36.05, 5.77, 11.33, 11.11, 297.3) compared with the control treatment in vegetative growth characters and yield (plant height , branches numbers , bods numbers, seeds numbers, total yield), interaction between high potassium spraying miller 400gm 100L-1 + agroleaf 400gm 100L-1 gave increasing to other treatment in all vegetative growth characters and yield (39, 7.33, 18.33, 14, 310.7) .
The effectiveness of inhibitory of Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract against Proteus mirabilis (invitro and invivo)
Authors: Intisar Abduljabbar Shamkhi
Published: April 2023

The study designed to show the antimicrobial activity of cinnamomum zeylanicum extract against P. mirabilis. The present study was divided to two parts, the first part (invitro) including sensitivity test of P. mirabilis against extract and amoxicillin. where, the results of inhibition efficacy of extract toward P. mirabilis showed very high inhibition efficacy of extract, which reached to 30 mm, while amoxicillin showed non inhibition effect against bacterial growth. In the second part (in vivo) used 20 albino mice Mus musculus that divide randomly to four groups (each group consist 5 mice), first group; control group administrated only normal diet and water, second group; injected intraperitoneally with (2x108 CFU/ml), third group; injected intraperitoneally with (2 x 108 CFU/ ml) and treated with amoxicillin, forth group; injected intraperitoneally with (2 x 108 CFU/ ml) and treated with extract. The urea and creatinine levels were increased and showed high significant changes (P < 0.01) in groups (second, third) compared with control group but its back to normal when treated with extract. The microscopic examination showed many changes in kidneys of groups (second, third) including damage glomerulus, convolute tubules, fibrosis, and infiltration of lymphocytes, congestion and thickening wall of blood vessels. The kidneys tissue in forth group showed recovery in the glomerulus and convolute tubules. It was concluded from this study that the cinnamomum zeylanicum has been antimicrobial activity against P. mirabilis.
Effect of Some Plants Extracts on the Viability of Protoscoleces in Vitro
Authors: Tuhfa T. Al-Aloosi  , A. A. Al-Tai  , A. M. Al-Samarrai
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the protoscolicidal effect of four plants alcoholic extracts on protoscoleces of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus in vitro. The plants that had been used in this study were: Viscum album (Mistletoe) and Prunus armeniaca (Apricot bitter kernels) with concentrations of 375, 750 and 1500 mg/ml, also Syzygium aromaticum (Clove flower buds) and Capsicum frutescence (Chili pepper) with concentrations of 375, 750 and 1500 µg/ml. All extracts were treated at four periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 min.).
In vitro, the high percentage of protoscoleces killing was observed in V. album alcoholic extract (80.7%) in the high concentration 1500 mg/ml at 60 min., and the lowest percentage of protoscoleces killing (62%) was in the concentration 375 mg/ml at 15 min.

armeniaca alcoholic extract high percentage of killing (70.2%) was also at the high concentration 1500 mg/ml at 60 min., and the lowest percentage of protoscoleces killing (50.4 %) at the concentration 375 mg/ml at 15 min.

The high percentage of protoscoleces killing of alcoholic extract of S. aromaticum (73.7%) was at the concentration 1500 µg/ml at 60 min. and the lowest percentage (58.7%) was at the concentration 375 µg/ml at 15 min.

frutescence alcoholic extract high percentage of protoscoleces killing (71.4 %) was at the concentration 1500 µg/ml at 60 min. and the lowest percentage (40.6 %) was at the concentration 375 µg/ml at 15 min.
Morphological description and histological structure of the Hedgehog Kidney (Hemiechinus auritus)
Authors: Thekra Atta  , Mohammed Nsaif Abbas  , Luay Qasim  , Ashwaq Talib  , Mohammed Ali
Published: April 2023

This study was aimed to recognize the morphological description and histological structure of the kidney in hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus). The morphological results showed that the kidney has a small bean shape and reddish brown color. It was situated on both side of the anterior lumbar vertebra in the abdominal cavity behind the peritoneum. The kidney was surrounded by connective tissues capsule. Histological results clarify that the kidney was characterized by two an regions, outer called cortex and inner called medulla. Glomeruli densely distributed in the cortex region with mean diameter of 78 µm, also the cortex contains segments of proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules. On the other hand the medulla region consist of both thick and thin segments of Henle’s loop in addition to sections of collecting tubules which forms radial structures which are known as the medullary rays. The histological results also showed that, the renal corpuscle is formed by the glomeruli that is surrounded by Bowman’s capsule, the proximal convoluted tubules, Henle’s loop, the distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules. The proximal convoluted tubules connected with Bowman’s capsule and lined by simple cuboidal epithelial tissue based on a basement membrane while the free surface was covered with brush border. The results demonstrated that thin segments of the Henley’s loop were started from the end of the proximal convoluted tubule, extend inside of the medulla and lined by simple squamous epithelial tissue. Whilst the thick segments of the Henle’s loop were lined by simple cuboidal epithelial tissue. The current study clarify that, the distal convoluted tubules were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium rested on basement membrane and the free surface covered by small protrusions. Furthermore, the histological examination revealed that the collecting tubules were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and the free surface of its cells had a cover of a few and short protrusions.
Histological effects of melatonin on testes in pinealectomized and normal albino rats
Authors: Imad Taher Abdulla  , Sarbast Ahmad Mahmud  , Aveen Rustam Khdhr
Published: April 2023

In the present study, the histological effect of melatonin (MEL) on pinealectomized (PINx) and normal rats’ testes was investigated. Thirty six adult male rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into six experimental groups as follow: 1­­st control group; 2nd sham-operated surgery rats group; 3rd PINx rats group, 4th PINx rats+MEL (60 mg / Kg diet) group; 5th control rats+MEL (60 mg / Kg diet) group; and 6th control rats+MEL (120 mg / Kg diet) group and the treatments were continued for six weeks. The result showed mild histological changes in testicular tissue of sham-operated surgery rats, like shrinkage and atrophy of seminiferous tubules (STs) and weakness in spermatogenesis. While, in PINx rats revealed regressive changes in testicular tissue, like sever degeneration, vacuolation and necrosis in germinal epithelium and no spermatogenesis. But as PINx rats were given MEL 60 mg/kg diet, the testicular structure and function were recovered, whereas, in normal rats were given MEL 60 and 120 mg/kg diet, the result show sever vacuolation and sloughing of spermatocytes inside STs lumen and no spermatogenesis at rats+60 MEL and mild edema with well development of germinal epithelium and spermatogenesis at rats+120 MEL. In conclusion, the deficiency of MEL level leads to change in histology and physiological activities of rat testes
Synthesis and characterization of new metal complexes of thione and phosphines Ligands
Authors: Ahmed S. M. Al-Janabi  , Hayfa Muhammed Jerjes  , Mohammed H. Salah
Published: April 2023

The complexes containing mixed of ligands [5-(3-chlorophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione(CPoxSH)] and diphosphines Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 (diphos)(n=1-4), are prepared by the reaction of [Hg(CPoxS)2] or [M(H2O)2(CPoxS)2] (M = Co, Ni ) with one mole proportion of the diphosphine Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 gave tetrahedral complexes of the type [Hg(CPoxS)2(diphos)]. While gave an octahedral complexes with cobalt(II) and nickel(II) ions of the type [M(H2O)(CPoxS)2(diphos)] when (M = Co and Ni ) receptivity.
The prepared complexes were characterized by molar conductivity, elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C-{1H} and 31P-{1H} n.m.r.
Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2,3- Triazole Derivatives from D-Mannitol
Authors: Ihmood Kh. Juber
Published: April 2023

This research included the use of azido D-Mannitol (3) to synthesize 1,2,3 triazole derivatives. Azido D – Mannitol  (3) itself used as an intermediate which was prepared from reaction of  1, 2:5, 6-Di-o-isopropylidene-3,4-di-p-tosyl-D-Mannitol (2) with sodium azide. The prepared compound (3) was allowed to react with alkenes for the formation of corresponding 1,2,3 triazole (4a-e ).
The structures of some prepared compounds were confirmed by physical properties and  spectroscopic methods FT-IR , 1H-NMR , 13C-NMR and Mass spectra in addition to use TLC.
Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine Applying on Social Media Usage in NYC / Comparative Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Burhan Mohammed
Published: April 2023

Data mining and classification are most research idea that used in many topics by researchers. This study presents the comparison of three algorithms for classifications such as (Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine), applying for social media usage dataset by NYC, to get the best result of the classification algorithm that can classify the instances according to the platforms. The final result of this research refer to the Support Vector Machine returned the best result among these techniques.
Estimatig the amount of potassium radiation effect on soil using Neville and Hermite numerical methods
Authors: Raad A. Hameed  , Ghassan E. Arif  , Aws A. Hamdi
Published: April 2023

The aim of this work is to estimate the effect of potassium radiation on soil in Nineveh governorate using some methods of numerical interpolation. We used (Neville, and Hermite) methods and obtained mathematical models by which we quantified the effect of radiation on soil in Nineveh governorate. The deductible results were very close to the real results. We then estimated the effect of potassium radiation on soil in Nineveh governorate outside the field measured areas.