bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-speed plasma measurements with a plasma impedance probe
Authors: Brooks J. W. , Tejero E. M. , Palliwoda M. C. , McDonald M. S.
Published: August 2023

Plasma impedance probes (PIPs) are a type of RF probe that primarily measures electron density. This work introduces two advancements: a streamlined analytical model for interpreting PIP-monopole measurements and techniques for achieving ≥1 MHz time-resolved PIP measurements. The model’s improvements include introducing sheath thickness as a measurement and providing a more accurate method for measuring electron density and damping. The model is validated by a quasi-static numerical simulation, which compares the simulation with measurements, identifies sources of error, and provides probe design criteria for minimizing uncertainty. The improved time resolution is achieved by introducing higher-frequency hardware, updated analysis algorithms, and a more rigorous approach to RF calibration. Finally, the new model and high-speed techniques are applied to two datasets: a 4 kHz plasma density oscillation resolved at 100 kHz with densities ranging between 2 × 1014 and 3 × 1015 m−3, and a 150 kHz oscillation resolved at 4 MHz with densities ranging between 4 × 1014 and 6 × 1014 m−3.
Mg dopant induced ultra-high HRS resistance and striking switching window characteristics in amorphous Y2O3 film-based memristors
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Guo Zicong , Chen Mengyao , Zhang Pan , Shao Peng , Luo Daobin , Wang Youqing , Liu Yong , Xiong Rui , Wang Hongjun
Published: August 2023

Y2O3 has attracted attention as the representative emerging candidate of a resistive switching (RS) medium in memristors due to its excellent electrical properties and good thermal stability. However, many challenges for Y2O3 film-based memristors remain to be resolved, particularly for the small switching window. Here, the doping engineering strategy is proposed, and in particular, the Mg doped amorphous Y2O3 film is adopted as the RS layer to construct memristors. The prepared Pt/Mg:Y2O3/Pt memristor exhibits a typical reproducible bipolar switching behavior with ultra-high HRS resistance and excellent switching window (>105), compared with the undoped counterparts (∼50). In addition, the multilevel storage capability is also achieved by controlling compliance current. Furthermore, the mechanisms and corresponding physical models for the striking RS characteristics for Pt/Mg:Y2O3/Pt memristors, stemming from the Mg dopant, are discussed and illustrated in detail. This work affords a deep understanding of RS mechanisms for Mg-doped Y2O3 film-based memristors and provides an effective strategy to enlarge the switching window for other transition metal oxide memristors.
Geometric approach to nonequilibrium hasty shortcuts
Authors: Chittari Supraja S. , Lu Zhiyue
Published: August 2023

Complex and even non-monotonic responses to external control can be found in many thermodynamic systems. In such systems, nonequilibrium shortcuts can rapidly drive the system from an initial state to a desired final state. One example is the Mpemba effect, where preheating a system allows it to cool faster. We present nonequilibrium hasty shortcuts—externally controlled temporal protocols that rapidly steer a system from an initial steady state to a desired final steady state. The term “hasty” indicates that the shortcut only involves fast dynamics without relying on slow relaxations. We provide a geometric analysis of such shortcuts in the space of probability distributions by using timescale separation and eigenmode decomposition. We further identify the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of nonequilibrium hasty shortcuts in an arbitrary system. The geometric analysis within the probability space sheds light on the possible features of a system that can lead to hasty shortcuts, which can be classified into different categories based on their temporal pattern. We also find that the Mpemba-effect-like shortcuts only constitute a small fraction of the diverse categories of hasty shortcuts. This theory is validated and illustrated numerically in the self-assembly model inspired by viral capsid assembly processes.
Evidence of charged interface states limited scattering in GaN heterostructures
Authors: Sanyal Indraneel , Chen Yu-Chih , Yu Chuan-Yue , Chyi Jen-Inn
Published: August 2023

This study provides experimental evidence of charged interface states limited scattering in III-nitride heterostructures. Temperature-dependent Hall measurements and temperature-dependent ID–VG measurements indicate a significant influence of the charged interface states on the electron mobility in different AlGaN/GaN heterostructures where the characteristic of the interface is controlled by modulating the growth conditions. Charged interface states at the AlGaN/GaN heterointerface lead to electron scattering as the distance between the centroid of the two-dimensional electron gas and the interface decreases with increasing electron density. It is observed that a component of experimental Hall mobility, which ranges between 9.2 × 103 and 3.4 × 104 cm2/V s among the three samples, obtained after adding all the scattering events using Matthiessen's rule cannot be explained completely by considering all the conventional scattering mechanisms such as phonon–phonon scattering, interface roughness scattering, and dislocation density scattering. An in-depth analysis reveals a significant scattering of channel electrons by the charged states at the GaN/AlN/AlGaN interface. Furthermore, the estimated interface states from the temperature-dependent subthreshold slopes conducted on the fabricated high electron mobility transistors are in good agreement with the charged interface states extracted from the temperature-dependent Hall measurements. A good understanding on this new scattering mechanism in the GaN heterostructure may help in designing high-performance III-nitride devices in the future.
Local displacive correlation in the tetragonal relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.15PbTiO3
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhuang Jian , Li Fei , Ren Wei , Ye Zuo-Guang , Zhang Nan
Published: August 2023

Over the past decades, lead-based relaxor ferroelectrics have served as the model systems to unravel the relationship between electromechanical properties and local structure. Here, by employing pair distribution function analysis and the reverse Monte Carlo method, we investigate the local structural features and their temperature dependence in relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 with x = 0.15 (PZN-15PT), which has a tetragonal average structure, but displays frequency dependence at low temperatures. The refined atomic model suggests that ordered polar nanoregions (PNRs) originate from the strong atomic displacive correlation, and their polar directions are the same as the crystallographic symmetry axis. The dipoles in the disordered matrix have weak correlations and can be averaged into a global tetragonal symmetry. These findings establish a detailed picture of the local structure of lead-based relaxor ferroelectrics and provide a deeper insight into the nature of PNRs.
Impact of solvation on the GW quasiparticle spectra of molecules
Authors: Clary Jacob M. , Del Ben Mauro , Sundararaman Ravishankar , Vigil-Fowler Derek
Published: August 2023

First-principles calculations for electrochemistry require accurate treatment of both electronic structure and solvation. The perturbative GW approximation starting from density functional theory (DFT) calculations accurately models materials systems with varying dimensionality. Continuum solvation models enable efficient treatment of solvation effects in DFT calculations, but their applications with beyond-DFT electronic structure methods such as GW have been limited. Here, we introduce the frequency-dependent liquid polarizability from a nonlocal continuum solvation model in the screened Coulomb interaction of full-frequency GW calculations with a solvated DFT starting point. We show that the liquid screening contributions substantially reduce the HOMO–LUMO gap of molecules by 3–5 eV, while solvent effects on the DFT starting point negligibly impact the GW gap. The resulting framework facilitates the simultaneous electronic and solvation accuracy needed for first-principles electrochemistry.
Tight-binding model and quantum transport with disorder for 1T’ transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Huang Anhua , Ke Shasha , Guan Ji-Huan , Lou Wen-Kai
Published: August 2023

We present a simplified tight-binding (TB) model to describe the low-energy physics of monolayer 1T’ transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The TB model is constructed by combining symmetry analysis and first-principle calculations. Our TB model accurately reproduces the electronic structures near the Fermi energy and provides a better representation of energy band inversion. By considering spin–orbit coupling (SOC), our TB model successfully reproduces the opening of the bandgap, characterizes nontrivial topology, and predicts corresponding helical edge states. Additionally, using this TB model, we observe that quantized electronic conductance remains robust under significant disorder intensity. However, the robustness of the edge states can be suppressed by the Zeeman fields and SOC strength in the scattering zone. Furthermore, moderate concentrations of vacancy disorder destroy the topological protection and eliminate quantized conductance. Our TB model serves as a starting point for a comprehensive understanding of the properties of these materials and can guide future research on superconductivity, strain, and correlation effects.
Magnetoelectric effect in two-layer heterogeneous systems based on Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 ferrite and PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3/epoxy particulate piezoelectric composites
Authors: Kalgin A. V.
Published: August 2023

Comparison of magnetoelectric properties of two-layer heterogeneous systems based on Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 ferrite and PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 piezoelectric ceramics with ratio of the piezoelectric coefficient to the permittivity pd31/pɛ33 = 0.06 and two-layer heterogeneous systems based on Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 ferrite and PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3/epoxy piezoelectric composite with pd31/pɛ33 = 0.07 − 0.09 was carried out. It was revealed that the magnetoelectric properties of the heterogeneous systems enhance with an increase in pd31/pɛ33 for a piezoelectric.
Residence time distributions in microchannels with assistant flow inlets and assistant flow outlets
Authors: Chen Shulei , Lin Qiao , Pan Ning , Hao Ming , Jiang Yue , Xie Yuanhua , Ba Yaoshuai , Bian Xin , Liu Kun
Published: August 2023

Residence time distributions (RTD) have been extensively employed to characterize the flow behavior in reactors, which significantly impact reaction conversion and selectivity. RTDs are investigated in microchannels with assistant flow methods by computational fluid dynamics, including assistant flow outlets (AFO), assistant flow inlets (AFI), and assistant flow inlets and outlets (AFIO). The inlet velocity ranges from 0.01 to 1 m/s, with flow rate weights ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 for the central flow outlet and from 5/8 to 1/13 for the central flow inlet. For AFO, as the decreasing flow rate weight of the central flow outlet, the peak of RTDs occurs closer to mean residence time, i.e., dimensionless mean residence time (θ) θ = 1. Meanwhile, the peak value grows higher, and the RTDs of tracking particles become narrower. There is a reduction of the dimensionless variance (σθ2) of particle residence time by tens of times compared with straight channels. For AFI, the central flow is further encapsulated in the center, leading to better RTDs and smaller σθ2 at a low velocity, but it is excessively disturbed at a high velocity, resulting in the increasing σθ2. AFIO not only achieves better RTDs but also diverts assistant flow to guarantee the weighting of central flow at the central outlet. This method using assistant flows can be extended to various size ranges and structure designs to promote the RTDs in continuous flow systems despite still laminar conditions.
A simple control and high accuracy measurement method of open-cell four-electrode conductivity electrode
Authors: Zhao Xueliang , Chen Ying , Wei Guanghua , Liu Junfei
Published: August 2023

The paper presents a simple control and high-accuracy measurement method for a four-electrode conductivity probe based on the principle of the bi-directional voltage pulse. The two-way differential AC (alternating current) pulse voltage signal for the reference resistance and solution resistance is modulated into the single DC stationary voltage response signal to drop the demand for software and hardware and effectively eliminate the influence of excitation voltage pulse amplitude on measurement accuracy, and then the synchronous rectification DC measurement is proposed without any control timing. Meanwhile, the mathematical expression between the single output DC voltage signal and the solution conductivity is given. The test results in the laboratory and in the field indicate that the relative error of the conductivity measurement is within 2.5% in a conductance range of 10 uS/cm to 200 mS/cm, and the proposed measurement method has a good application prospect in application.
Terahertz-infrared spectroscopy of Ge2Sb2Te5 films on sapphire: Evolution of broadband electrodynamic response upon phase transitions
Authors: Gavdush Arsenii A. , Komandin Gennadiy A. , Bukin Vladimir V. , Zaytsev Kirill I. , Ponomarev Dmitry S. , Tan Liwen , Huang Wanxia , Shi Qiwu
Published: August 2023

Phase-change alloy Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) forms a favorable material platform for modern optics, photonics, and electronics thanks to a pronounced increase in conductivity with thermally induced phase transitions from amorphous (a-GST) into cubic (c-GST) and then hexagonal (h-GST) crystalline states at the temperatures of ≃150 and ≃300°C, respectively. Nevertheless, the data on broadband electrodynamic response of distinct GST phases are still missing, which hamper the design and implementation of related devices and technologies. In this paper, a-, c-, and h-GST films on a sapphire substrate are studied using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. For all GST phases, complex dielectric permittivity is retrieved using Drude and Lorentz models in the frequency range of 0.06–50 THz or the wavelength range of ≃5000–6 μm. A contribution from the free charge-carriers conductivity and vibrational modes to the broadband response of an analyte is quantified. In this way, the Drude model allows for estimation of the static (direct current—DC) and dynamic (at 1.0 THz) conductivity values, caused by motions of free charges only, which are as high as σDC≃15 and 40 S/cm and σ1.0THz≃8.8 and 28.6 S/cm for the c- and h-GSTs, respectively. This overall agrees with the results of electrical measurements of GST conductivity using the four-point probe technique. The broadband electrodynamic response models obtained for the three GST phases are important for further research and developments of GST-based devices and technologies.
Touchdown dynamics of a liquid droplet on a patterned substrate: A generalized lumped parameter-based model
Authors: Mondal Nilanjan , Biswas Diptesh , Mukherjee Rabibrata , Bakli Chirodeep
Published: August 2023

Droplet dynamics post-impingement on a solid surface is of immense technological importance due to its applicability in self-cleaning, anti-frosting, anti-biofouling, anti-icing, thermal management, and inkjet printing. While sustained droplet oscillation is desirable in some applications, a fast seizure of oscillations after the surface touchdown of the droplets is necessary for others. The post-impingement dynamics is a complex non-linear interaction of the fluid and solid properties and a common framework to characterize the short-time response of a droplet is provided here. We describe these post-impact droplet dynamics on a patterned surface in terms of lumped simple harmonic oscillator parameters. We delineate the effect of the substrate and fluid properties and attribute the same to one or more terms in the dynamical model of the oscillator, describing an analogy between the terms. Our analogy gives a universal mapping between the fluid–solid parameters and droplet dynamics, making it feasible to predict with accuracy the post-impact behavior. Here for the first time, we developed a simplified universal approach to predict the droplet oscillation dynamics impacting any solid surface for a broad range of fluid and solid properties and impingement conditions.
Explore the influence of fracture void space geometry on seepage: The effect of cross-sectional area and the blockage of contact area
Authors: Wei Xianfa , Ma Haichun , Qian Jiazhong , Luo Qiankun , Deng Yaping
Published: August 2023

The cross section of a fracture along the streamwise direction determines the water-passing capacity of the fracture. The seepage fields in four fracture models with different contact conditions are analyzed and investigated via computational fluid dynamics simulations. The main results are as follows: (1) a kind of low-velocity region is formed under small local aperture conditions; (2) the blocking degree of the contact area to the fracture seepage depends on the local flow channels compressed by it (flow angle and local aperture); (3) on a cross section, the interference of the contact area and roughness on the fluid flow make the average flow velocity (Uavg) greater than its streamwise component (uavg) except for seepage inlet, which increases with the decrease in the average mechanical aperture and the expansion of the contact area [C = 17.90%, compared to lower C, the whole average flow velocity (1.88 m/s) is the maximum]; (4) there may be an upward trend of pressure along the streamwise direction: where the cross-sectional area increases, the additional kinetic energy generated by the reduced flow velocity will be converted into pressure potential energy if it is not fully consumed by the viscous force; (5) along the streamwise direction, there is a linear correlation between the change rate in uavg (∂uavg/∂x) and that of average pressure on a cross section (∂P/∂x), which is affected by the interference of the contact area and roughness (R2 = 0.25 at C = 17.90%), a conceptual model derived from this linear correlation can describe the relation between the hydraulic characteristics of a fracture and streamwise cross section.
Significantly improved triethylamine sensing performance and mechanism of tin oxide by doping Pd: Experimental and DFT studies
Authors: Li Gaojie , Zhang Linqi , Du Kai , Wang Xinxin , Yin Menghao
Published: August 2023

Reducing the working temperature and increasing sensitivity and selectivity has always been a research hotspot in the field of MOS based gas sensors. In this work, improved triethylamine (TEA) sensing performance and mechanism of SnO2 by doping Pd have been investigated. SnO2 nanoparticles and Pd-SnO2 with different doping amounts of Pd (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%) were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method. The size of SnO2 nanoparticles is very uniform (∼15 nm). The SnO2 sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity to ethanol at 290 °C. After Pd doping, Pd/SnO2 sensors not only reduced the optimum working temperature but transformed selectivity from ethanol to TEA. In the Pd-SnO2 system, the 0.5Pd-SnO2 sensor exhibited high sensitivity (61), fast response-recovery properties (16 s/6 s) to 50 ppm TEA, lower detection limits (0.1 ppm), good repeatability, and higher selectivity. Furthermore, based on density functional theory calculations, the improved TEA sensing performance of 0.5Pd-SnO2 sensors can be attributed to the improved surface activity of SnO2 by Pd doping and the catalytic activation of O2 and TEA by Pd.
Enhancing SNSPDs detection efficiency via suspended SiO2 membrane
Authors: Xu Tao , Bao Han , Qin Zhi , Jia Xiaoqing , Zhu Guanghao , Pan Danfeng , Tu Xuecou , Zhang Labao , Zhao Qingyuan , Kang Lin , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng
Published: August 2023

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with high detection efficiency have played significant role in numerous applications for photon detection from visible light to mid-infrared band. However, it is still a challenge to easily promote the sensitivity of SNSPD without compromising its other performance. We report a method to improve the detection sensitivity of devices via suspended SiO2 membrane, and the intrinsic detection efficiency is significantly enhanced from 78% to 100% for a 1550 nm wavelength. The electro-thermal simulation and hotspot relaxation time measurement indicate that a suspended SiO2 membrane can significantly decrease the cooling efficiency between the hotspot and the substrate, and the relaxation time is enlarged twice than before. Meanwhile, we note that the proposed method does not affect other properties of devices, such as dark count rate, detection speed, and timing jitter. Because the thermal dissipation process can be controlled continuously (by varying the size of the suspended area), the proposed method may also help to obtain a deeper understanding of the thermal diffusion and detection process of SNSPDs.
Origami-inspired quasi-zero stiffness metamaterials for low-frequency multi-direction vibration isolation
Authors: Liu Wenlong , Wu Lingling , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Ji
Published: August 2023

Multi-directional low-frequency vibration isolation is an unavoidable problem in many practical engineering scenarios. However, to date, most works are unable to achieve this goal, and those that can do so only to some degree, but their structure is complex and large, limiting the range of applications in practical engineering. Here, we propose a kind of quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) metamaterial constructed from a series of Kresling-pattern origami-inspired structures, whose simple topology with reasonable design parameters can obtain the expected QZS features. Moreover, the decoupling strategy adopted by the proposed QZS metamaterials allows for the independent motion of adjacent unit cells, resulting in an improvement in controllability and programmability. We demonstrate, both in simulations and experiments, the design process and the multi-directional low-frequency vibration isolation characteristics of the proposed QZS metamaterial. This study provides a method for realizing multi-directional low-frequency vibration isolation, expanding the application potential of QZS metamaterials for broader needs.
Implementing the direct relaxation process in the stochastic particle method for flexible molecular collisions
Authors: Geng Peiyuan , Liu Sha , Yang Sirui , Cao Junzhe , Zhuo Congshan , Zhong Chengwen
Published: August 2023

Multi-scale phenomena are prevalent and significant across various disciplines. For multi-scale flow physics in the gas-kinetic theory based on Boltzmann equation or its simplified mathematical models (called Boltzmann model equations), the multi-scale mechanism can be modeled by the philosophy of unified modeling, where the free transport behaviors of gas particles and their collision behaviors are coupled by the temporal integral solutions (or characteristic line solutions) of Boltzmann model equations, which leads to a unified/multi-scale property in all scales. Also, the stochastic particle methods are based on these Boltzmann model equations. The corresponding numerical methods are, thus, limited by these model equations. This paper aims to overcome this restriction by replacing these modeled collision operators with a simple direct relaxation (DR) process. Since the collision term of Boltzmann model equation should fulfill the correct relaxation rates of non-equilibrium macro-variables, such as stress tensor and heat flux vector, along with other basic properties, such as conservation and H theorem, the DR process is designed to be directly based on these crucial relaxation rates. Therefore, with the DR strategy for calculating particle collisions, the numerical method can be established without constructing collision operator. Furthermore, the DR has the flexibility and simplicity to recover various models. In this work, Xu's and Yuan's new models are recovered in to illustrate the validation and performance of DR. Moreover, since at the inlet/outlet boundaries, subsonic, supersonic, and hypersonic flows can simultaneously exist, a generalized numerical boundary condition is also considered in the particle methods developed in this paper. Finally, the validation and accuracy of the present method are examined with a series of test cases.
Factors influencing non-attendance at sexual healthcare appointments in the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: Heath Gemma , Clarke Rebecca , Ross Jonathan , Farrow Claire
Published: August 2023

Background Missed sexual healthcare appointments lead to inefficiencies and wasted resources, longer waiting times and poorer outcomes. The aim of this research was to identify factors influencing non-attendance at sexual healthcare appointments and to make recommendations for interventions. Methods Semi-structured interviews were carried out with UK-based sexual health service-users with experience of booking and missing appointments and sexual health professionals (n = 28). Interviews were analysed using a thematic framework approach. Results Perceptual, practical, and organisational factors were found to influence missed appointments. Perceptual factors included beliefs about the outcomes of attending; sense of responsibility to attend; and concerns about privacy and security. Practical factors included competing demands and disruption to daily life; ability to attend; and forgetting. Organisational factors included mode of appointment delivery and availability of appointments. Conclusions Interventions should combine strategies shown to be effective for overcoming practical barriers to attendance (e.g. reminder systems) with novel strategies communicating the benefits of attending and risks of missed appointments (e.g. behaviourally informed messaging). Text reminders containing behaviourally informed messages may be an efficient intervention for targeting perceptual and practical factors associated with missed appointments. Offering appointment modalities to suit individual preference and enabling service-users to remotely cancel/reschedule appointments maight further support a reduction in missed appointments.
A persistent major mutation in canonical jasmonate signaling is embedded in an herbivory-elicited gene network
Authors: Ray Rishav , Halitschke Rayko , Gase Klaus , Leddy Sabrina M. , Schuman Meredith C. , Rodde Nathalie , Baldwin Ian T.
Published: August 2023

When insect herbivores attack plants, elicitors from oral secretions and regurgitants (OS) enter wounds during feeding, eliciting defense responses. These generally require plant jasmonate (JA) signaling, specifically, a jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) burst, for their activation and are well studied in the native tobacco
Nicotiana attenuata
. We used intraspecific diversity captured in a 26-parent MAGIC population planted in nature and an updated genome assembly to impute natural variation in the OS-elicited JA-Ile burst linked to a mutation in the JA-Ile biosynthetic gene
NaJAR4
. Experiments revealed that
NaJAR4
variants were associated with higher fitness in the absence of herbivores but compromised foliar defenses, with two
NaJAR
homologues (4 and 6) complementing each other spatially and temporally. From decade-long seed collections of natural populations, we uncovered enzymatically inactive variants occurring at variable frequencies, consistent with a balancing selection regime maintaining variants. Integrative analyses of OS-induced transcriptomes and metabolomes of natural accessions revealed that
NaJAR4
is embedded in a nonlinear complex gene coexpression network orchestrating responses to OS, which we tested by silencing four hub genes in two connected coexpressed networks and examining their OS-elicited metabolic responses. Lines silenced in two hub genes (
NaGLR
and
NaFB67
) co-occurring in the
NaJAR4/6
module showed responses proportional to JA-Ile accumulations; two from an adjacent module (
NaERF
and
NaFB61
) had constitutively expressed defenses with high resistance. We infer that mutations with large fitness consequences can persist in natural populations due to compensatory responses from gene networks, which allow for diversification in conserved signaling pathways and are generally consistent with predictions of an omnigene model.
Sweden
Authors: Gustafsson Anna W. , Seiler Brylla Charlotta
Published: August 2023

The Sweden Democrats is a nationalist right-wing
populist party with roots in neo-Nazism and white supremacist beliefs. The
party has experienced continuous progress during the last decade in Sweden,
attracting 20.5 per cent of the vote in the general election of 2022. A
combination of discourse analytical methods is applied to study the comment
sections of the party’s official social media accounts during the EU
election 2019 in order to explore what topics are most engaging to the
supporters and what discursive strategies the supporters use to position
themselves in relation to politicians, to other parties or to political
topics. Particular attention is paid to the role of affirmative and
evaluative practices to build ingroup identity.
Austria
Authors: Kopf Susanne
Published: August 2023

This chapter focuses on voter motivation in the Austrian
context. Postings made in response to the right-wing Freedom Party’s (FPÖ)
social media content were examined, specifically, pro-FPÖ comments
responding to ten FPÖ postings on Facebook and YouTube. The data were
analysed for the representation of social actors, focusing on who is
referred to and how, and what traits are ascribed to these actors. The key
issue motivating support for the populist FPÖ is the desire to protect
Austria and its interests, and the conviction that the FPÖ is the only party
that is willing and able to do so. The social actors that allegedly pose a
threat to Austria are various other parties, asylum seekers and the EU.
Unearthing the concepts that bury us
Authors: Savarese David
Published: August 2023

This chapter begins with the claim that the prominent
definition of dialogue as co-present speech is insufficient, if not
damaging, to non-neurotypical persons. Not only are people with disabilities
excluded from socially relevant dialogues about their own experiences, but
the dialogues between people with disabilities are not granted the status of
dialogue. As an autistic individual, filmmaker, and activist, my aim is to
first, deconstruct the assumptions at the base of this exclusion and, most
importantly, replace them with my own experience of multimodal
intersubjectivity. My analysis of a transcript I created from my own film is
the data for my argument. I advocate for a multi-sensory, multimodal
approach to communication and disability.
Disability in dialogue
Authors: Dolmage Jay Timothy
Published: August 2023

This chapter offers a heteroglossary
that that gathers and redefines what has already been said in this
collection in an attempt to push these ideas into further dialogue and
towards change. In doing so, this afterword channels another value from
within the disability rights movement: the idea of positive
redundancy (access Smith
2013). That is, it is always good and useful to repeat ourselves,
to offer clear and simplified definitions of what has already been said.
Modern ancient Chinese
Authors: Jia Yan
Published: August 2023

This article adopts the notions of chronotope and scalar intimacy to discuss collective identification, in
particular Hanfu identity among Chinese youth in the context of contemporary Chinese nationalism. Drawing upon
ethnographic interviews and observations of self-identified Hanfu fans in Beijing, China, this paper analyzes how
they, through invoking and shifting back and forth across multiple spatiotemporal scales, discursively enact collective and
intimate identification among individuals, among Hanfu fan groups (on a local scale), and the general Chinese
population (on a larger, national scale). This paper suggests that the great ancient China chronotope (GACC) has played a crucial
role in establishing continuity between the present (or other time-spaces) and the ‘past,’ ultimately legitimizing the inseparable
link between Hanfu groups and collectives and solidifying great China and collective identity ideologies. It also
demonstrates that modern Chinese youth are internalizing the Chinese nationalist ideology in order to establish a sociocultural
relationship of belonging to and sharing with Chinese collectives as a way to empower themselves to cope with uncertainty.
Interpreting, translating, transferring
Authors: Locher Miriam A. , Dayter Daria , Messerli Thomas C.
Published: August 2023

This introduction positions the themes of the collection within the field of pragmatics and translation studies. It outlines the breadth of the field from interpreting to sensory translation and discusses novel papers in four different parts. In the first three parts, translation is defined as involving at least two different languages, and the chapters focus on pragmatic processes and issues that surface in translation practices. The first part focuses on interpreting; the second part centers on the translation of fictional and non-fictional texts and spaces; the third part discusses audiovisual translation; and in the fourth part translation processes are explored in a wider context that includes translating senses and action into language in connection with experiencing and preparing food.
Translating conflict in written fiction
Authors: Nisticò Simona
Published: August 2023

This chapter focuses on the pragmatic aspects of translating conflictual moments in written fiction, whose meaning is mediated by translators to target-text readers across languages and cultures. Building on notions of characterization, stance, voice, im/politeness, and relational work, this contribution illustrates the preliminary findings of a qualitative analysis of conflict scenes taken from a trilingual corpus of short stories. In the two target languages considered (French and Italian), each translator uniquely modulates address forms, speech-reporting verbs, ambiguity, and unpleasant content when rendering conflictual interactions between characters. The strategies implemented may follow patterns which have yet to be fully identified.
“Don’t talk out loud, you lower the IQ of the whole street”
Authors: Bruti Silvia , Zanotti Serenella
Published: August 2023

This contribution examines impoliteness strategies and their translation for dubbing and subtitling in the TV series Sherlock. The theoretical framework is provided on the one hand by impoliteness theory (Culpeper 1996, 2005, 2011; Culpeper, Bousfield & Wichmann 2003; Leech 2014; Locher 2015), on the other by studies in stylistics that highlight the entertaining role impoliteness may play in the construction of characters (Bednarek 2012; Dynel 2016). In this series, impoliteness is the result of the exploitation of various meaning-making resources, all of which contribute to the overall outcome. The analysis shows that in dubbing and subtitling, a challenging case of cultural mediation (Guillot 2016), it may be reconstructed differently, with inevitable repercussions on the viewing experience of the target audience.
Synthesis of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3-coated LiCoO2 cathode powder for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Nam Ki-Sun , Kim Kangsanin , Kim Kyungsun , Lee Jon-Won , Moon Ji-Woong , Hwang Haejin
Published: August 2023

In this study, water-based precursor solutions with citric acid as the chelating agent were prepared, and the effect of the pH of the precursor solutions on the morphology and microstructure of the Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) coating layer was investigated. A clear precursor solution was prepared and its colour changed depending on the pH of the solution, suggesting that citric acid effectively formed chelate complexes composed of Li, Al, Ti and P ions. The scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping analyses showed that a low pH resulted in a homogeneous LATP coating layer with a fine particle size and less dense morphology. When the pH value was increased, dense and enhanced surface coverage was obtained, whereas an inhomogeneous atomic distribution was confirmed in the LATP coating. The LATP-coated LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode exhibited enhanced specific capacity retention compared to that of the pristine LCO cathode.
Soviet intelligence gathering in Africa in the 1960s and early 1970s: a review article
Authors: Darch Colin
Published: August 2023

The wave of independence in Africa in the late 1950s and early 1960s, combined with the ‘thaw’ after Khrushchev’s denunciation of Stalin at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, resulted in renewed Soviet interest after two decades of ignoring African affairs. Newly established diplomatic relations with liberation movements and independent states required the rapid training of middle-level cadres who could report back accurately to Moscow, as the USSR struggled to limit US and European influence in Africa. A volume in Russian of over 400 documents from the 1960s and early 1970s excludes the Arabic-speaking north, but allows readers to understand how intelligence was gathered on the ground by Soviet functionaries attempting to interpret local politics for power centres at home. This review article focuses on the political context in which African expertise was acquired, and analyses three cases from the volume – Ghana, Congo-Léopoldville in crisis, and Namibia in the early struggle for liberation.
Network analysis identifies strain-dependent response to tau and tau seeding-associated genes
Authors: Acri Dominic J. , You Yanwen , Tate Mason D. , Karahan Hande , Martinez Pablo , McCord Brianne , Sharify A. Daniel , John Sutha , Kim Byungwook , Dabin Luke C. , Philtjens Stéphanie , Wijeratne H.R. Sagara , McCray Tyler J. , Smith Daniel C. , Bissel Stephanie J. , Lamb Bruce T. , Lasagna-Reeves Cristian A. , Kim Jungsu
Published: August 2023

Previous research demonstrated that genetic heterogeneity is a critical factor in modeling amyloid accumulation and other Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes. However, it is unknown what mechanisms underlie these effects of genetic background on modeling tau aggregate-driven pathogenicity. In this study, we induced tau aggregation in wild-derived mice by expressing MAPT. To investigate the effect of genetic background on the action of tau aggregates, we performed RNA sequencing with brains of C57BL/6J, CAST/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ mice (n = 64) and determined core transcriptional signature conserved in all genetic backgrounds and signature unique to wild-derived backgrounds. By measuring tau seeding activity using the cortex, we identified 19 key genes associated with tau seeding and amyloid response. Interestingly, microglial pathways were strongly associated with tau seeding activity in CAST/EiJ and PWK/PhJ backgrounds. Collectively, our study demonstrates that mouse genetic context affects tau-mediated alteration of transcriptome and tau seeding. The gene modules associated with tau seeding provide an important resource to better model tauopathy.
Research on MEMS dual-channel microwave power sensor with fixed beam structure
Authors: Li Chen , Guo Ximing , Xu Aodi , Wang Debo
Published: August 2023

To improve the sensitivity and dynamic range of microwave power sensors, a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) dual-channel microwave power sensor is proposed in this study. The sensor is designed and manufactured using the GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit` (MMIC) process and MEMS technology. The microwave performance, overload power and sensitivity are theoretically studied. At 8–12 GHz, the return loss of the sensors with three different fixed beam sizes are approximately −10 dB, which is good microwave performance. The sensitivities for capacitive detection channel of the two sensors with larger sizes are 2.4 fF W−1 @10 GHz and 14.5 fF W−1 @10 GHz, respectively, and the sensitivities of the thermoelectric detection channel of the three sensors is 25.7 mV W−1, 24.9 mV W−1 and 24.2 mV W−1, respectively. Compared with traditional microwave power sensors, the sensor proposed takes into account the advantages of microwave power sensors in both thermoelectric and capacitive structures. This work helps lay the foundation for the design of microwave power sensors with a fixed beam structure and thermoelectric microwave power sensors.
High crystal quality and low residual stress composite piezoelectric films prepared by a two-step method
Authors: Lin Binghui , Cai Yao , Wang Yaxin , Gao Chao , Wu Gai , Liu Yan , Liu Wenjuan , Cheam Daw Don , Sun Chengliang
Published: August 2023

The crystal quality and residual stress of piezoelectric films are critical factors that limit the performance of acoustic wave devices. To overcome this challenge, a new two-step method integrating metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) was presented. The lower part of the composite film was first grown by MOCVD, exhibiting monocrystalline quality and high residual stress. Subsequently, the upper part of the composite film deposited by PVD effectively compensates for the residual stress in the lower part of the composite film. The new two-step method was validated on the growth of AlN and AlScN on sapphire substrate. A composite film Al0.8Sc0.2 N/AlN was obtained with a full width at half maximum of 0.047° for AlN (002) of rocking curve, exhibiting a residual stress of +381 MPa and a surface roughness of 1.12 nm. It demonstrates the feasibility of preparing high-quality composite piezoelectric films for further acoustic applications.
Circular-arc array for the pulsed eddy current inspection of thermally insulated pipelines
Authors: Yang Ling , Dang Jingxin , Yang Mengfan , Dang Yixin , Yuan Kai , Zhou Yan , Dang Bo
Published: August 2023

The inspection of corrosion under insulation (CUI) has been identified as a significant challenge in the petroleum and chemical process industries. As some of the most effective strategies, pulsed eddy current (PEC) techniques have proved effective for the measurement of the CUI of pipelines. In this paper, we propose a circular-arc array (CAA) to improve the measurement efficiency for the PEC inspection of thermally insulated pipelines. Based on the PEC system model for inspecting the CUI of pipelines, the magnetic field distribution of the CAA with multiple excitors was investigated. It is shown that the coverage of induced magnetic field gets much larger than that of the single excitor to realize high-efficiency measurements. Moreover, a sparsely distributed receiver array is designed to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio by eliminating the waviness effect due to multiple excitors. Finally, experiments were conducted, and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method for the inspection of thermally insulated pipelines.
A disturbance rejection adaptive filtering approach for human motion tracking
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Authors: Li Peng , Ge Zirui , Yang Xusheng , Zhang Wen-An , Wang Pengjun
Published: August 2023

This article studies the human motion tracking problem using the disturbance rejection adaptive filter with an inertial sensor. Due to the complexity of human motion, conventional inertial methods easily suffer from motion accelerations (MAs) and ferromagnetic disturbances (FDs). Here, a disturbance rejection adaptive filter is presented to segregate the exterior disturbances from the inertial sensor observations before attitude estimation. This method estimates the MA and FD by Kalman filters. According to disturbance intensity, Sage–Husa adaptive strategies based on fuzzy rules are designed to adjust noise covariance. Moreover, gravity and geomagnetic field estimation are applied as multiplicative extended Kalman filter observations to solve external disturbances problems. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by an example of human motion tracking.
Preliminary inquiry on the linear relationship between the height of the station and the ground height error retrieved by GNSS-IR with low-cost smart electronic equipment
Authors: Zheng Naiquan , Chai Hongzhou
Published: August 2023

Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) ground height retrieval technology is based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal reflection, which can achieve efficient and high-precision ground retrieval. However, errors cannot be avoided. And whether there is a linear relationship between the height of the station and the error is unknown. This research uses Hi-Target geodetic GNSS receivers, smart phone devices (Honor 60) and smart tablet devices (Huawei MatePad Pro) to collect a total of 5 d data from DOY65 to DOY69 in 2023, with the station heights of 0.8 m, 1.0 m, 1.2 m, 1.4 m and 1.6 m, respectively. The experimental results show that each satellite can effectively establish a linear relationship between the inversion error and the station height, which can be used in the error compensation research of different station heights under the limitation that the height of reflector is between 0.8 m and 1.6 m. Simultaneously, the error is related to the influence of comprehensive factors such as reflector type, satellite number, and data-receiving equipment. Secondly, two clustering methods, k-means and k-media, are introduced to cluster a and b in the linear relationship y = ax + b of each satellite, and it is proved that the linear relationship between inversion error and station height is obviously related to ground reflection surface (plastic track and concrete ground). Finally, it is verified that the height measurement accuracy of low-cost smart electronic equipment (Root Mean Square Error (RMSE): 0.047 m and 0.042 m) is worse than that of GNSS (RMSE: 0.010 m), but it still has good measurement performance. All in all, this study provides an essential technical reference for the error compensation of different station heights and for the application of GNSS-IR with low-cost smart electronic equipment. Due to its low-cost advantage, it has great potential in developing other surface parameter inversion of GNSS-IR technology.
Polyphosphazene-derived carbon modified nanowires for high-performance electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Hongmei , Hong Caihui , Song Huiling , Han Tongwei , Chu Xinyan , Kambonde Jerricia A N N
Published: August 2023

Two one-dimensional nanowires, Fe3O4 and MnO2 nanowires, were modified with polyphosphazene-derived carbon (PZSC) using in situ polymerization and high-temperature calcination methods. PZSC coated with MnO2 nanowire (MnO2/PZSCNW) was designed as the positive electrode, while PZSC coated with Fe3O4 nanowire (Fe3O4/PZSCNW) was designed as the negative electrode. Both MnO2/PZSCNW (+) and Fe3O4/PZSCNW (−) exhibit much larger specific capacities than the corresponding MnO2 and Fe3O4 nanowires, reaching 75.5 mAh g−1 and 75.9 mAh g−1, respectively. The maximum specific capacity, power and energy density of MnO2/PZSCNW (+)//Fe3O4/PZSCNW (−) in alkaline electrolyte are up to 63.2 mAh g−1, 429.6 W kg−1 and 53.7 Wh kg−1, respectively. After 10 000 cycles, the cell maintains 100% capacity. The experimental results indicate that the polyphosphazene-derived carbon coating can significantly improve the electrochemical performance, providing a feasible solution for constructing high-performance supercapacitors.