bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spleen, as an Optimal Site for Islet Transplantation
Authors: Sakata Naoaki , Yoshimatsu Gumpei , Kodama Shohta
Published: April 2018

Islet transplantation is a cellular replacement therapy to treat severe diabetes mellitus, but its clinical outcome is unsatisfactory at present. One factor in clinical success of this therapy is selection of the most appropriate transplantation site. In this review, we review evidence showing the advantages of the spleen as a transplantation site for islets. The spleen has been studied for a long time as a candidate site for islet transplantation. Its advantages include physiological insulin drainage and regulation of immunity. Recently it has also been shown that the spleen contributes to the regeneration of transplanted islets and that splenic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into islet cells. The spleen also has some disadvantages associated with the transplantation procedure itself (bleeding, thrombosis and splenic infarction). The efficacy of transplantation is not as high as that obtained with intraportal transplantation, which is the current representative method of clinical islet transplantation. Safer and more effective methods of islet transplantation need to be established before the spleen can be effectively used in the clinic to support the engraftment of multiple transplanted islets.
Spleen, as an Optimal Site for Islet Transplantation and a Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Sakata Naoaki , Yoshimatsu Gumpei , Kodama Shohta
Published: April 2018

In this review, we show the unique potential of spleen as an optimal site for islet transplantation and a source of mesenchymal stem cells. Islet transplantation is a cellular replacement therapy to treat severe diabetes mellitus, but its clinical outcome is unsatisfactory at present. One factor in clinical success of this therapy is selection of the most appropriate transplantation site. The spleen has been studied for a long time as a candidate site for islet transplantation. Its advantages include physiological insulin drainage and regulation of immunity. Recently it has also been shown that the spleen contributes to the regeneration of transplanted islets. The efficacy of transplantation is not as high as that obtained with intraportal transplantation, which is the current representative method of clinical islet transplantation. Safer and more effective methods of islet transplantation need to be established before the spleen can be effectively used in the clinic. Spleen also has an interesting aspect as a mesenchymal stem cell reservoir. The splenic mesenchymal stem cells contribute to tissue repair in damaged tissue, and thus, the infusion can be a promising therapy for autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus and Sjogren’s syndrome.
Analysis of The Sea Level Rise of Guam
Authors: Parker Albert , Ollier Clifford D.
Published: April 2018

Many reported sea level records are often not a single measurement. They are then a composition of different records from several tide gauges. Sometimes, they are from the same tide gauge, but the tide gauge stability has been affected by earthquakes. This is the case of Guam as discussed in the present manuscript. The claimed sea level acceleration of Guam is only the result of two earthquakes that have compromised the stability of the tide gauge.
Growth Factor-free Chondrogenic Differentiation from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells using Minicircle Vectors
Authors: Rim Yeri Alice , Nam Yoojun , Ju Ji Hyeon
Published: April 2018

The human degenerative cartilage has low regenerative potential. Chondrocyte transplantation offers a promising strategy for cartilage treatment and regeneration. Currently chondrogenesis using human pluripotent stem cells are accomplished using human recombinant growth factors. Here, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into chondrocytes and cartilage pellet using minicircle vectors. Minicircles are used as a non-viral gene delivery system for gene therapy in various diseases. Non-viral gene delivery can produce growth factors without integrating into the host genome. Minicircle vectors containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and transforming growth factor, beta 3 (TGFβ3) were successfully generated and delivered to hiPSC-derived outgrowth (OG) cells. Cell pellets generated using minicircle-transfected OG cells successfully differentiated into chondrogenic lineage. Chondrogenic pellets transfected with growth factor-encoding minicircles effectively recovered osteochondral defect in rat models. Taken together, this work shows the potential application of minicircles in cartilage regeneration using hiPSCs.
Comparative Immune-Related Metabonomics Analysis of Plasma from Mouse after Given Long-Term Astragalus Membranaceus and Panax Ginseng
Authors: Liu Junqiu , Sha Chen , Zhang Jun , Cheng Jintang , Liu An , Xu Guoliang , Wang Yuesheng
Published: April 2018

Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Panax ginseng (PG) are two herbal products with a long history of clinical usage in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), used in treating a variety of diseases especially in stimulating or inhibiting the immune system. To elucidate the immunity effect of these two traditional Chinese medicine on animal model, four pharmacodynamic indexes (spleen index, thymus index, splenic lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells) were observed on mice. Furthermore, metabolic profiles of plasma were also analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, LC-MS) method. All mice were intragastric administrated at three doses (low dose, moderate dose and high dose) once daily for 30 days. Principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed on LC-MS spectra of plasma, showing that all administration groups developed the disturbance of internal milieu, compared to the blank control (BC) group. Besides, correlation analysis was conducted between pharmacodynamic index and metabolic index. It indicated that uracil, lysoPC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)), sphinganine, LPA(0:0/16:0), UDP-glucuronate, PC(14:0/18:0) were five main endogenous substances, much closely related to four immunological indexes. Glycerophospholipid metabolism was found in both AM and PG groups. Pyrimidine metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism were closely regulated in AM groups. Energy metabolism (starch and sucrose metabolism, Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, together with glycerolipid metabolism) and glycerolipid metabolism were found in PG groups. These findings could contribute to the understanding of mice plasmatic metabolic profiling after long-term administration. Comparative immune-related metabolomic analysis of AM and PG was obtained on the base of pathway analysis of immune-related biomarkers. PG groups trended to have effect on cytotoxic activity of NK cells. AM groups trended to effect thymus index. Our work provides a detailed interpretation of immunological characteristics in different traditional Chinese medicine on metabonomic level.
Six New Derivatives from Alternaria sp MCCC 3A00467
Authors: Zhong Tian-Hua , Zeng Xian-Ming , Ma Xin-Hua , Sun Kai-Hui , Zhang Hai-Tao , Hong Shi-Biao , Zhang Yong-Hong , Luo Zhu-Hua , Wei Xu
Published: April 2018

Terrestrial plant resources are becoming increasingly scarce; moreover, the development of science and technology has facilitated the exploration of marine ecosystems. We isolated and identified six novel (1–6) and six (7–12) known secondary metabolites of Alternaria sp MCCC 3A00467 by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and investigated their antitumor activities in human myeloma (U266), liver cancer (HepG2), and lung cancer (A549) cells by the MTT assay. Among these compounds, the new compounds 2, 3 and 4 exhibited excellent anticancer activities with IC50 values of 21.98, 24.99 and 14.78 μg/mL, respectively. These compounds obtained from a marine source have the potential to be developed into novel anticancer drugs.
Systemic Expression of Galectin Genes in Periparturient Goats
Authors: Ekwemalor kingsley , Adjei-Fremah Sarah , Asiamah Emmanuel , Eluka-Okoludoh Egbogoye , Osei Bertha , Worku Mulumebet
Published: April 2018

Galectins constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of β-galactoside-binding proteins. They regulate innate and adaptive immunity and homeostasis. Expression of Galectins may regulate periparturient immune suppression. Galectin gene expression was studied in goat blood during the periparturient period. Body weight, body condition and FAMACHA scores, and fecal and blood samples were collected from Five BoerXSpanish goats at 14 days and 7 days after parturition. Fecal samples were used to assess parasite load. Total RNA was isolated from blood using Trizol and converted to cDNA for real-time PCR using specific primers for goat LGALs-1, -2, -3, -4, -7, -8, -9, -11, -12, -14, -15, -16, and ligand Gal3bp, T-cell immunoglobulin domain, and mucin domain 3(TIM-3). Beta-actin and GAPDH housekeeping genes were used as internal controls. Fold changes in transcript abundance were compared to non-pregnant goats and calculated using the Livak method. Secretion of GALS-1, -3 and -9 in plasma was detected using ELISA. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 and Pearson correlations (p<0.05). Galectins were expressed and correlated to changes in leukocytes and fecal egg counts. Secreted GALS-1 decreased and GALS-3 and -9 increased (p<0.05) postpartum. Differential expression of Gal may have functional implications in animal health and homeostasis and needs further study.
Improvement of the Normative-Regulatory Framework Concerning Anti-Epidemic Procedures for Works with Infectious Disease Agents in Mobile Laboratories of Specialized Anti-Epidemic Teams (SAET)
Authors: Gordeeva M. V. , Lyapin M. N. , Karnaukhov I. G. , Kazakova E. S. , Sharova I. N. , Toporkov A. V.
Published: April 2018

Carried out is a range of investigations aimed at the improvement of the anti-epidemic procedures for works with infectious disease agents (herein biological safety provision) in mobile laboratories of specialized anti-epidemic teams (SAET). Evaluation of the operational experience of stationary and field laboratories, as well as comparative analysis of the national safety requirements for works with pathogenic biological agents and WHO international regulations in the sphere of biological safety provision in laboratories, has made it possible to outline common for all types of microbiological laboratories principles for biosafety provision. With due consideration of these principles formulated are the core requirements for the provision of biological safety of SAET activities. Based on the results of biorisk and biohazard assessment which have to do with innovative mobile laboratories, worked out is a system of anti-epidemic procedures aimed towards establishment of the conditions that offer as low as practically achievable level of risk for personnel of SAET mobile laboratories, for population and human environment too. These practices, designed for biological safety provision among the personnel of mobile laboratories (ML), have been played back in a number of standard operational procedures. With a view to establishing of the environment with acceptable level of biorisk for the personnel and population when ML are used for various purposes and in various contingencies (in full force, single unit or several modules), worked out are the algorithms of decision-making support as regards selection of modules and optional accessories. However, there is a need for emergency response plans and training programs for the personnel on the provision of biosafety in ML to ensure and maintain acceptable level of biorisk connected with ML functioning.
Minimum of Great Gerbil Colonies ( Rhombomys opimus Liht., 1823., Rodendtia, Crecetidae) Necessary for Plague Epizooty Development in the Model
Authors: Dubyansky V. M.
Published: April 2018

It is commonly known that under gerbil population depression habitable colonies are preserved as groups with varying number of colonies. In this connection, objectives of the study have turned out to be determination of minimum threshold number as regards habitable colonies where plague microbe circulation takes place. With the help of the computer model for plague epizootic process development determined is the fact that plague epizooty can last for a long while within the group of 25 habitable great gerbil colonies under certain conditions. This measure is reasonably close to the known factual evidence concerning a number and distribution of colonies at the time of major population depression. Therewith, one can conclude that plague microbe circulation can take place even in the course of major great gerbil population depression.
Консорты брюхоногого моллюска Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) в северной части Чёрного моря. Часть III: Mollusca (Gastropoda)
Authors: Бондарев И. П. , Ревков Н. К.
Published: April 2018

Данная работа — продолжение инвентаризации таксономического состава консортного сообщества Rapana venosa. Раковина крупной инвазивной гастроподы R. venosa, занявшей экологическую нишу терминального хищника бентосного сообщества, одновременно является привлекательным субстратом для различных гидробионтов-обрастателей и связанных с ними подвижных форм, среди которых — мелкие брюхоногие моллюски. Последние являются практически неучтённым звеном консорции R. venosa. Изучение данной группы в составе эпибионтов рапаны выполнено на материале, полученном в семи районах северной части Чёрного моря: 1 — Мамайя, побережье Румынии; 2 — северо-западное побережье Крыма, район м. Тарханкут; 3 — юго-западное побережье Крыма, Севастополь; 4 — Южный берег Крыма (ЮБК), Алупка; 5 — ЮБК, Ялта — Алушта; 6 — юго-восточный берег Крыма, Карадаг; 7 — Керченский пролив. Сбор рапаны в прибрежной зоне до глубины 15 м проведён с использованием легководолазного оборудования, в более глубоководной зоне (до 40 м) — дночерпателем «Океан-50» с борта НИС «Профессор Водяницкий». Гастроподы в качестве консортов рапаны обнаружены преимущественно в р-не 3, где в летне-осенний сезон 2015–2017 гг. проведены наиболее детальные работы и собрано около 90 % материала (1100 из 1216 особей R. venosa). Они представлены 14 видами 9 родов 6 семейств, из них 7 видов с кладками яиц. Их преимущественная локализация — в эпифитоне водорослевых обрастаний раковины, где моллюски-консорты могут формировать значительные скопления (более 60 особей). Непосредственно на раковине рапаны гастроподы обнаружены единично или небольшими группами — от 2–5 до 10 особей. Наиболее многочисленным и часто встречаемым (до 25 %) видом является Bittium reticulatum (Cerithiidae). Менее многочисленны Tricolia pullus (Phasianellidae) (5–10 %, в бухте Казачья — до 25 %) и Rissoa splendida (Rissoidae) (встречаемость в среднем около 10 %). Остальные виды обнаружены единично. Наибольшее видовое разнообразие и численность гастропод отмечены на глубине 4–10 м в консорции экоморфы R. venosa рыхлых грунтов — 14 видов; на скальной экоморфе рапаны, обитающей в зоне более высокой гидродинамики, — всего 2 вида. Наши исследования показывают, что экологическая роль инвазивного вида R. venosa не сводится к хищничеству. В частности, рапана способствует размножению, развитию и расселению других видов гастропод. В биотопе рыхлых грунтов с дефицитом твёрдого субстрата, необходимого для размножения многих видов гидробионтов, включая гастропод, R. venosa выступает в качестве фактора «оазисного» увеличения биологического разнообразия бентоса в целом.
Adopción e implementación del ofrecimiento de la autotoma VPH por agentes sanitarios en Jujuy, Argentina
Authors: Curotto Mariana , Zalacaín-Colombo Julieta , Paolino Melisa , Arrossi Silvina
Published: April 2018

Objetivo. Evaluar la adopción e implementación en escala de la estrategia orientada a ofrecer puerta a puerta la autoto­ma de la prueba del virus del papiloma humano (AT-VPH), por parte de agentes sanitarios (AS), en Jujuy, Argentina. Material y métodos. Se aplicó una encuesta autoadministrada a 478 AS. Las dimensiones de adopción e implementación fueron evaluadas con el modelo RE-AIM. Resultados. Adopción: 81.8% de los AS ofreció la AT-VPH y 86.4% expresó grati­ficación con la estrategia. Implementación: los problemas encontrados fueron la demora en la entrega de tubos (61.3%) y resultados (70.0%); falta de recursos humanos (28.3%), y dificultades al obtener turnos para realizar el triage (26.1%). El principal obstáculo fue la sobrecarga de trabajo (50.2%), mientras que la capacitación (38.0%) y el listado de mujeres a contactar (28.7%) fueron los elementos facilitadores. Con­clusiones. La adopción de la AT-VPH fue alta entre los AS. Deben reforzarse las estrategias programáticas para motivar a los AS y reducir su carga de trabajo al implementar la AT-VPH.
Malnutrición y cobertura de programas, un estudio piloto en niños indígenas tenek en Tocoy, México
Authors: Castañeda-Díaz de León Alejandra , Aradillas-García Celia , Luevano-Contreras Claudia
Published: April 2018

[Not available]
Water Use Efficiency in Living Mulch and Annual Cover Crop Corn Production Systems
Authors: Sanders Zachary P. , Andrews Joshua S. , Hill Nicholas S.
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas

Living mulch cover crops help stabilize erosive soils when used with row crops.

White clover living mulch systems use water in the surface 15 cm of soil.

Supplemental irrigation is necessary to support a living mulch corn production system.

Canopy closure induces soil moisture equilibration due to shading of the clover.

Water use efficiency is less in the living mulch system, especially during drought.

Corn (Zea mays L.) comprises 95% of the feed grain production in the United States. The area dedicated to corn production in the southeastern United States has increased over the past decade, raising concerns about environmental degradation, and creating a need for more sustainable productions systems. One production system that addresses these concerns is the white clover (Trifolium repens L.) living mulch (LM). Previous research defined a sustainable LM system for corn production, but questions regarding water use efficiency (WUE) of the system remain. In this experiment, soil moisture was monitored in the top 30 cm of the soil, from 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm, during the corn growing season in a LM, crimson clover (CC) (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and cereal rye (CR) (Secale cereale L.) cover crops. We found that soil volumetric water content (VWC) was greater in the CR treatment than in the LM throughout the growing season, whereas CC and LM were similar 60 days after planting (DAP). The VWC between corn rows was greater in the CR and CC treatments than the LM in both years of the study. The CC and CR treatments had greater WUE than the LM treatment in both years of the study. The WUE was reduced in cover crop treatments in 2016 compared with 2015, likely due to drought conditions in 2016. These results suggest the LM system may be best suited to regions with high rainfall, soils with high water holding capacity, and/or supplemental irrigation.
Grain Yield, Water Productivity, and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics in Drip Irrigated Rice under Varying Nitrogen Rates
Authors: Rajwade Yogesh Anand , Swain Dillip Kumar , Tiwari Kamlesh Narayan , Singh Bhadoria Pratap Bhanu
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas

Effect of lateral spacing and varying N levels on rice was studied under subsurface drip irrigation.

Crop growth and yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of drip irrigated rice were assessed.

Nitrogen (NH4–N and NO3–N) dynamics was studied before and after fertilizer application.

Water and nitrogen (N) saving rice (Oryza sativa L.) technology is required to meet the future food demand with decreasing resource availability. This emphasizes the importance of micro irrigation systems in field crops. Given the context, the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on rice grain yield, water and N use efficiency and soil N dynamics. A field experiment was conducted for rice cultivation (cultivar Naveen) under subsurface drip irrigation (DIR) with two lateral spacings (S40 and S60) and four N fertilizer levels (0, 50, 75, and 100% of recommended dose) and puddle‐transplanted rice (PTR) at N100 during dry season of 2012 to 2013 and 2013 to 2014. The results of the study revealed significant increase in grain yield with increase in N fertilizer level from N0 to N50 or N75 in DIR. At N75, the DIR resulted in 73% recovery of applied N and 32% saving of water while attaining similar grain yield (5043 kg ha−1 in S40N75 and 4851 kg ha−1 in S60N75) as of PTR‐N100. The N dynamics revealed higher NH4+−N and NO3−–N contents in 0‐ to 18‐cm layer in DIR compared with PTR. Both drip lateral spacings did not show any significant differences in grain yield, water and N use efficiency. Hence, the subsurface drip irrigation with 60 cm lateral spacing and 25 to 50% lower N application could increase the water and N use efficiency of rice with similar grain yield as of PTR.
Latitudinal Adaptation of Flowering Response to Photoperiod and Temperature in the World Collection of Sorghum Landraces
Authors: Upadhyaya Hari D. , Reddy Kothapally Narsimha , Vetriventhan Mani , Ahmed Mohammed Irshad , Reddy Mulinti Thimma
Published: April 2018

Knowledge of photoperiod and temperature sensitivity of landraces is required to understand their latitudinal pattern of adaptation and to identify insensitive germplasm for crop improvement. Photoperiod and temperature sensitivity of 20,710 sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] landraces was assessed under long‐day rainy and short‐day post‐rainy seasons. The results revealed 1697 landraces to be photoperiod and temperature insensitive (PTINS), 18,766 to be photoperiod sensitive and temperature insensitive (PSTINS), and 247 to be photoperiod and temperature sensitive (PTS). Lower latitudes (0.00–25.00°) were important regions for sorghum landraces. The mean number of days to 50% flowering (DFL) was equal in both the seasons for PTINS landraces. The mean DFL was high (98 d) for PSTINS and low (63 d) for PTS in the rainy season in the entire set of landraces. The DFL in all three groups—PTINS, PSTINS, and PTS—decreased with increase in latitude. The mean cumulative growing degree days were higher for PTINS (1153°C d) and PSTINS (1587°C d) in the rainy season than in the post‐rainy season (866°C d in PTINS, 905°C d in PSTINS) but were similar in both the seasons for PTS (∼1040°C d). Insensitive landraces were found in higher proportions at 0.00 to 25.00° N and 15.00 to 35.00° S than at other latitudes. Evaluation of these insensitive sources for stress tolerance, and for agronomic and seed quality traits is suggested to identify parents to develop high‐yielding, nutrient‐dense, and climate‐resilient sorghum cultivars.
Long‐Term Forage and Cow–Calf Relationships for Bermudagrass Overseeded with Arrowleaf Clover or Annual Ryegrass Managed at Different Stocking Rates
Authors: Rouquette Francis M. , van Santen Edzard , Smith Gerald R.
Published: April 2018

Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures are often overseeded with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and/or clovers to extend grazing. The bermudagrass pastures were stocked at three levels of forage mass to quantify cow and calf average daily gain (ADG, gain ha−1) and its relationship with mass and allowance (forage dry matter/animal body weight [DM:BW]). From 2002 through 2013, ‘Coastal’ and common bermudagrass pastures were overseeded with either ‘Apache’ arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.) without N fertilization or annual ryegrass plus N. Calf ADG was greater (P < 0.001) on arrowleaf clover and ryegrass from February to mid‐June (spring) compared with Coastal and common bermudagrass from mid‐June to late September (summer). Calf ADG was similar for bermudagrass pastures in spring, but different (P < 0.001) at all three stocking levels for low (1.42 kg d−1), medium (1.22 kg d−1), or high (0.90 kg d−1) stocking rates. Cow ADG in spring was greater (P < 0.01) for ryegrass (0.41 kg d−1) than for arrowleaf clover (0.22 kg d−1), and at all three stocking levels. In summer, calf ADG was affected by stocking (P < 0.001) at low (1.05 kg d−1), medium (0.81 kg d−1), and high (0.58 kg d−1) stocking rates. Cow ADG in summer varied by stocking level (P < 0.01), bermudagrass pasture (P < 0.04), and stocking level × bermudagrass pasture interaction (P < 0.04). Calf ADG was optimum at 2000 to 2500 kg ha−1 mass in spring, and 3000 to 3500 kg ha−1 mass in summer. Optimum allowance for calves was 1.2 to 1.5 (DM:BW ) in spring and 1.5 to 2.0 in summer. A two‐phase linear relationship best fit mass and allowance with cow and calf ADG for the overall 11 yr.
Presentación
Authors: Restrepo Escobar Sandra Milena
Published: April 2018

La reflexión permanente en el tema de las adicciones debe llevar a un trabajo articulado entre prevención, tratamiento e investigación, de ahí la relevancia de la publicación de cada uno de los artículos de la revista, con la que esperamos contribuir a la toma de decisiones en los ámbitos en que se desarrolla cada temática.
Creencias adictivas centrales en dos grupos poblacionales de adultos policonsumidores
Authors: De la Torre Peña Gisella , Jaramillo Mercado Carolina , Martínez César Giovanni , Vargas Rojas Camilo Andrés , Klimenko Olena
Published: April 2018

Artículo presenta resultados de investigación orientada a indagar por las creencias adictivas centrales en dos grupos poblacionales de adultos policonsumidores con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 28 años de las ciudades de Bogotá y Barranquilla. El estudio fue de corte cuantitativo, nivel descriptivo, método no experimental. A una muestra de 100 personas de sexo masculino (50 para cada cuidad) se aplicaron el cuestionario corto de tamizaje ASSIST (Henry-Edwards et al, 2003) y el inventario de creencias acerca del abuso de sustancias (Beck, et. al.; 1999). Los resultados mostraron la predominancia de las creencias permisivas en la muestra de la ciudad de Barranquilla y de las creencias anticipadoras en la muestra de la ciudad de Bogotá. Según se obtuvo, las creencias adictivas centrales no parecen estar asociadas a las sustancias específicas, sino que pueden tener relación con el contexto sociocultural y condiciones individuales de consumo.
Pilares de la educación inicial: mediadores para el aprendizaje
Authors: Córdoba Garcés Laura Marcela , Hernández Monsalve Pamela Isabel , Palácio Chavarriaga Catalina , Tobón Moreno Jenifer Alejandra
Published: April 2018

En este artículo se pretende dar a conocer la importancia de articular las estrategias didácticas a los pilares de la educación inicial –tales como: los lenguajes artísticos, el juego, la literatura y la exploración del medio-, en cuanto principios rectores de la primera infancia. De acuerdo con esto, se describe el concepto de estrategias didácticas, al igual que cada uno de los cuatro pilares mencionados y las posibles estrategias que se pueden implementar en el aula de clase, con el fin de facilitar el desarrollo integral de los niños y niñas en edad preescolar. Esto con el objetivo de promover que el maestro establezca una coherencia práctica- discursiva entre el método pedagógico y las actividades que facilitan su aplicación al interior del aula de clase.
Práemium Nobelianum Honoratus
Authors: Fernández Márquez Fredy De Jesús
Published: April 2018

Este es el premio esperado por todos los escritores: el Nobel de Literatura. Las grandes plumas del mundo, por medio de sus magnas obras, han dejado su impronta en la mayoría de los idiomas. En ellas, narran hazañas, tragedias, odas, historia, comedias, oratoria, ensayo, la crítica y otras más.Desde el año 1901 hasta el presente se han otorgado 116 premios Nobel de Literatura entre diversas lenguas y nacionalidades, por ejemplo, Francia, Estados Unidos, Alemania, Reino Unido, Suecia, España, Italia, Unión Soviética, Irlanda, Polonia, Dinamarca, Noruega, Chile, Grecia, Japón, Sudáfrica, Suiza, Australia, Austria, Bélgica, Bielorrusia, Canadá, Checoslovaquia, China, Colombia, Egipto, Finlandia, Guatemala, Hungría, India, Islandia, Israel, México, Nigeria, Perú, Portugal, Rumania, Santa Lucía, Turquía y Yugoslavia.
La doctrina de la iglesia y la promoción integral del ser humano y de sus relaciones con la naturaleza
Authors: García Echeverri Jonny Alexander
Published: April 2018

La promoción integral del ser humano y de sus relaciones con la naturaleza, ya no puede ser una tarea pendiente. La ecología no es de ningún modo un tema de moda, es una necesidad, una urgencia que no da espera. Ante tal escenario, la presente investigación se encamina a mostrar la manera como la Iglesia, hace ya un buen tiempo, viene proponiendo a sus fieles y al ser humano en general una toma de conciencia, un obrar moral que reivindique sus relaciones con la naturaleza.
La educación como escenario que convalida la minoría de edad en un contexto que pugna por la formación de sujetos críticos
Authors: Madrid Hincapié Joan Manuel
Published: April 2018

El presente trabajo pretende centrar la reflexión en torno al papel de la educación, que si bien se le considera el medio para: “asegurar el bienestar de sus ciudadanos, el desarrollo económico y la cohesión social en un mundo que vive profundas y aceleradas transformaciones” (Marchesi, 2011, p. 7), al parecer el tipo de individuo y profesional que está forjando la escuela, develan un importante contraste entre el ideal de una educación que en el deber ser pugna por la formación integral del ser humano, cuando en el deber hacer se rige por los condicionamientos de un sistema productivo que requiere seres ajenos a sí mismos, incapaces de pensar autónomamente, gracias a la autoestima intelectual de quienes enseñan a problematizar la existencia del hombre mediante la regurgitación de textos que estipulan cómo actuar en una sociedad que no existe, lo que convalida según Zuleta (2009), la poca capacidad del individuo de renunciar a su minoría de edad, de rechazar una mentalidad pasiva que recibe las verdades de alguna autoridad, de alguna tradición, sin someterlas a su propia elaboración.
Alienismo, manicomio y psiquiatría en Medellín (1920-1946)
Authors: Herrera Dina María
Published: April 2018

La intención de este artículo es presentar algunas reflexiones en torno al alienismo, al manicomio y a la psiquiatría en Medellín, de tal suerte que se hace un breve recorrido por la historia de Europa y su influencia en Colombia. A renglón seguido, se identifica el tratamiento que se le hiciera a la locura en la Edad Media, arribando con gran fuerza y desconocimiento a una modernidad ávida de progreso y de orden, no sin antes atravesar por el Renacimiento. Este artículo hace parte del texto final Biografía de un alienista: Lázaro Uribe Cálad 1920-1946, trabajo de investigación para optar al título de Magister en Historia.
Apología a la diversidad. Sobre el caso del matrimonio de parejas homosexuales en Colombia
Authors: Viveros Chavarría Edison Francisco
Published: April 2018

En este artículo se discute, en el contexto de la filosofía moral, sobre el matrimonio de parejas homosexuales en Colombia. La hipótesis de lectura es: la aceptación de la diversidad sexual en la conformación de parejas homosexuales por parte de una sociedad decente está directamente relacionada con la dignidad y la capacidad de reconocimiento de esta sociedad en el ámbito de la filosofía moral. Reiteradamente los homosexuales han sido tratados como personas enfermas, incapaces de paternar o maternar o con carencias racionales o con ausencia de recursos morales y afectivos. Acusados de no ser el resultado del normal y esperado ciclo vital de las personas, son tratados de formas humillantes e indignas tanto en ambientes educativos, laborales, religiosos, como sociales. Se concluye que la forma en que se lleva a cabo la humillación y el desprecio a las parejas homosexuales y a la comunidad LGBTI tiene la particularidad de ser aplicada por una mayoría sobre una minoría. Unos abiertamente discriminatorios, otros en un franco rechazo desde sus intimidades y otros desde su indiferencia. Lo que está en entredicho es el nosotros como sociedad y la manera de hacer nuestra deliberación moral.
Las nociones de lenguaje y amor en Humberto Maturana y su relación con la terapia familiar sistémica. Un estudio documental
Authors: Agudelo Osorio Juan Carlos , García Argelia , Hincapié Fajardo Sandra Irene , Rodríguez Valencia Gloria , Ramírez Torres Patricia
Published: April 2018

El presente artículo nace de la investigación documental de la obra de Humberto Maturana y de sus conceptualizaciones sobre el amor y el lenguaje, así como del análisis de dichas categorías y su posible aplicabilidad y valor para la teorización y práctica de la Terapia Familiar Sistémica.     La investigación documental presenta un examen sobre tres categorías: Amor, Lenguaje y Terapia Familiar Sistémica; dando por resultado descubrimientos que permiten indicar que la Terapia Familiar Sistémica se ennoblece y se beneficia de las concepciones de Maturana. Amor y lenguaje aparecen como elementos centrales, visibles e indispensables dentro del quehacer del terapeuta sistémico. Al punto que se puede decir que no es posible una Terapia Familiar Sistémica sin una búsqueda, emergencia y vivencia del amor y del lenguaje. La Terapia Familiar Sistémica es una forma de lenguaje que permite el reconocimiento del otro y en esa medida, un encuentro amoroso.
Scaling up rural sanitation in Tanzania: evidence from the National Sanitation Campaign
Authors: Mwakitalima Anyitike , Massa Khalid , Seleman Amour , Kassile Telemu
Published: April 2018

Access to improved sanitation facilities has been a challenge, especially in developing countries. In 2012, Tanzania launched a rural-based National Sanitation Campaign to address the challenge of low coverage of improved sanitation and hygiene at household and school levels using a combination of approaches including Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) and behavior change communication. In June 2016, a study that involved interviews with heads of households, complemented by observations of sanitation and hygiene facilities in 2,875 households from 289 villages, was carried out in campaign and non-campaign villages. Overall, 94.7% of the households had a basic toilet; whereas 7.0% of the households from non-campaign villages against 3.5% from the campaign villages had no toilet. Moreover, overall coverage of improved sanitation was found to be 52.6% and varied between campaign (62%) and non-campaign (43%) villages. Hand washing points were hardly observed in both campaign and non-campaign villages, although they differed significantly between the two areas: 42.7 vs. 26.7% for campaign and non-campaign villages, respectively. Factors associated with households' access to improved latrines include economic status of the household, education level of the head of household and geographical location of the household. Further studies are needed before drawing clear-cut conclusions about the impact of the campaign.
Cryptosporidium parvum decay during air drying and stockpiling of mesophilic anaerobically digested sewage sludge in a simulation experiment and oocyst counts in sludge collected from operational treatment lagoons in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Kong Frederic E. , Deighton Margaret A. , Thurbon Nerida A. , Smith Stephen R. , Rouch Duncan A.
Published: April 2018

The inactivation of Cryptosporidium species oocysts during sewage sludge treatment is important to protect human health when the residual biosolids are applied to agricultural land. Quantifying the decay of Cryptosporidium species during sludge treatment for microbiological assurance purposes is difficult if low numbers are present in wastewater. The rate of decay of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts during solar/air drying treatment and in sludge stockpiles in temperate environment conditions was simulated in laboratory inoculation experiments using sludge sampled from a mesophilic anaerobic digester. Oocyst numbers were also determined in settled lagoon sludge samples collected from three operational rural wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). C. parvum oocysts were enumerated by immunomagnetic separation followed by staining with vital dyes and examination by confocal laser scanning microscopy. An air-drying/storage period equivalent to 11 weeks was required for a 1 log10 reduction of viable oocysts inoculated into digested sludge. Oocyst viability in air-dried and stored digested sludge decreased with time, but was independent of sludge desiccation and dry solids (DS) content. No oocysts were detected in sludge samples collected from the anaerobic digester, and the average concentration of oocysts found in settled lagoon sludge from the rural WWTP was 4.6 × 102 oocysts/g DS.
Polyphenols: Inflammation
Authors: Natsume Midori
Published: April 2018

Background:

Polyphenols widely distributed in plants, fruits and vegetables have received considerable
attention on account of their physiological functions, including their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Some antioxidant components of cacao liquor prepared from fermented and roasted cacao beans, which is a
major ingredient of cocoa and chocolate products, have been characterized as flavan-3-ols and procyanidin oligomers.

Methods:

This review focuses on a specific group of (-)-epicatechins and their oligomers, the procyanidins, in
cacao products. Dietary polyphenols in cacao products have been shown to reduce hypertension, reduce platelet
aggregation, improve serum lipids, and lower the incidence of atherosclerosis in animal studies and clinical trials.

Conclusion:

The intake of cacao products reduces hypertension and atherosclerosis on account of their physiological
functions as antioxidants and anti-inflammation agents, indicating the mechanisms of prevention of hypertension
and atherosclerosis by polyphenols.
Oxyfunctionalization of CH2-Group Activated by Adjacent Three-Membered Ring
Authors: Sedenkova Kseniya N. , Andriasov Kristian S. , Kuznetsova Tamara S. , Averina Elena B.
Published: April 2018

Background:

Increasing use of the three-membered ring in drug development initiates the search for
efficient methods of transformations of cyclopropane derivatives. Oxidation of methylene group activated by an
adjacent cyclopropane represents a direct approach towards carbonylcyclopropanes, allows avoiding unnecessary
synthetic stages and meets the requirements of atom economy.

Objective:

In this review all available data concerning the oxidation of cyclopropane-containing hydrocarbons
and their functionally substituted derivatives are systematized, and the general regularities between the structure
of the starting compound, the oxidant employed and the reaction outcome are underlined.

Conclusion:

The following regularities were distinguished for the oxidation of cyclopropane-containing compounds
into cyclopropylketones. The main structural parameters of the starting compounds, which influence
the distribution of the oxidation products, are the followings: the presence of competing C-H bonds, flexibility
or rigidity of structure, electron and sterical substituents effects. A number of preparative methods of activated
C(sp3)-H bonds oxygenation were elaborated, employing such powerful oxidants as ozone, dioxiranes, CrO3
and a variety of catalytic systems, based on transition metals. For the oxidation of cyclopropane derivatives all
these oxidants may be employed. RuO4, generated in situ, usually behaves as selective and soft oxidant. TFDO
often demonstrates lesser selectivity, but it may be the best choice when several activated CH2 groups should be
oxidised. In the case of dihalocyclopropanes the use of CrO3 is preferable. Summarily, the oxidation of methylene
group adjacent to cyclopropane has been undoubtedly developed into a reliable preparative approach to cyclopropylketones,
which should find an active use in synthetic organic chemistry.
Physical Exercise For Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical And Experimental Evidence
Authors: Oliveira de Carvalho Alessandro , Filho Alberto Souza Sá , Murillo-Rodriguez Eric , Rocha Nuno Barbosa , Carta Mauro Giovanni , Machado Sergio
Published: April 2018

Background:

National projections about the increase in the elderly population over 60 years bring with it an increase in the number of people affected by Parkinson's Disease (PD), making it an important public health problem. Therefore, the establishment of effective strategies for intervention in people with PD needs to be more clearly investigated.

Objective:

The study aimed to report the effectiveness of exercise on functional capacity and neurobiological mechanisms in people with PD.

Methods:

This study is a critical review of the literature.

Results:

The progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is described as one of the main physiological mechanisms manifested before PD, directly interfering with motor behavior. However, PD is not only related to motor symptoms, but also to cognitive, autonomic, and mood impairments. Such effects may be attenuated by pharmacological influence, but also evidence suggests that the implementation of regular physical exercise programs may exhibit potential benefits over PD. The synthesis and expression of monoaminergic neurotransmitters can act positively on motor disorders, as well as directly or indirectly influence the neuronal plasticity of the brain, restoring neuronal pathways previously affected.

Conclusion:

Physical exercise contributes effectively to the treatment of PD, and can play a preventive and maintenance role of physical fitness and mental health.
Finally: a coherent framework for the extraterritorial scope of EU data protection law - the end of the linguistic conundrum of Article 3(2) of the GDPR
Authors: Moniz Graça Canto
Published: April 2018

The extraterritorial scope of European Union’s (EU) data protection law has been a controversial issue since the adoption of Directive 95/46/EC. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) partially restructures the terms of the extraterritorial reach of EU data protection law and introduces new elements to an old debate. This contribution seeks to address one of those elements, concerning a linguistic ambivalence found in Article 3 (2) of the GDPR, and stress the practical consequences that emerge from this conundrum.
A challenge for copyrights in the Digital Single Market: the editing of out-of-commerce works
Authors: Espín Alba Isabel
Published: April 2018

This article makes a critical description of the statute of the licenses for the exploitation of works out-of-commerce envisaged in the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on copyright in the Digital Single Market of September 14, 2016. In addition to the analysis of the precepts of the aforementioned Proposal, its main backgrounds are analysed, e.g., the Memorandum of Understanding on Key Principles on the Digitisation and Making Available of Out-of-Commerce Works, the French normative experience and the Soulier and Doke case (Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of November 16, 2016).
Data Quality and Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Electronic and Paper-Based Interviewer-Administered Public Health Surveys: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Zeleke Atinkut Alamirrew , Naziyok Tolga , Fritz Fleur , Röhrig Rainer
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Population-level survey is an essential standard method used in public health research to quantify sociodemographic events and support public health policy development and intervention designs with evidence. Although all steps in the survey can contribute to the data quality parameters, data collection mechanisms seem the most determinant, as they can avoid mistakes before they happen. The use of electronic devices such as smartphones and tablet computers improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of public health surveys. However, there is lack of systematically analyzed evidence to show the potential impact on data quality and cost reduction of electronic-based data collection tools in interviewer-administered surveys.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of interviewer-administered electronic device data collection methods concerning data quality and cost reduction in population-level surveys compared with the traditional paper-based methods.

METHODS

We will conduct a systematic search on Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Global Health, Trip, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies from 2007 to 2018 to identify relevant studies. The review will include randomized and nonrandomized studies that examine data quality and cost reduction outcomes. Moreover, usability, user experience, and usage parameters from the same study will be summarized. Two independent authors will screen the title and abstract. A third author will mediate in cases of disagreement. If the studies are considered to be combinable with minimal heterogeneity, we will perform a meta-analysis.

RESULTS

The preliminary search in PubMed and Web of Science showed 1491 and 979 resulting hits of articles, respectively. The review protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42018092259). We anticipate January 30, 2019, to be the finishing date.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review will inform policymakers, investors, researchers, and technologists about the impact of an electronic-based data collection system on data quality, work efficiency, and cost reduction.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42018092259; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID= CRD42018092259

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/10678
Patient perspectives on health data privacy and management: �Where is my data and whose is it?� (Preprint)
Authors: Wetzels Mart , Broers Eva , Peters Peter , Feijs Loe , Widdershoven Jos , Habibovic Mirela
Published: April 2018

UNSTRUCTURED

**Background**: New technologies are increasingly evaluated for use within the clinical practice to monitor patients’ medical and lifestyle data. This development could contribute to a more personalised approach towards patient care and potentially improve health outcomes. To date, patient perspective on this development has largely been neglected in the literature. Hence, this study aims to shed more light on the patient perspective on health data privacy and management.

**Methods**: Focus groups with cardiac patients were conducted at the Elizabeth Tweesteden Ziekenhuis (ETZ) in the Netherlands as part of the DoCHANGE project. The focus groups were conducted using a semi-structured protocol which was organised around three themes: privacy regulations, data storage, and transparency and privacy management.

**Results**: Five focus groups with a total of 23 patients were conducted. The majority of the patients preferred to have access to their medical data however the knowledge on who has access to data was limited. Patients indicated that they do not want to share their medical data with health insurance companies or the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, most patients do not see the added value of supplementing their medical dossier with lifestyle data.

**Discussion**: Current findings showed patients prefer access to and control over own data but that the knowledge concerning data privacy and management is limited. Sharing of non-medical health data (e.g. physical activity) was considered unnecessary. Future studies should address patient preferences and develop infrastructure which facilitates medical data access for patients.