bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volatile Organic Compounds at Early Stages of Sourdough Preparation Via Static Headspace and GC/MS Analysis
Authors: Pizarro Fritz , Franco Francisco
Published: August 2017

Major aroma volatile compounds from whole wheat and all-purpose sourdough and their evolution were evaluated through static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC/MS) analysis during 28 days of fermentation. Sourdoughs were prepared on 1:1 ratio of flour to water (mass to volume) and fermented spontaneously at room temperature. GC/MS measurements for the evolution of aroma volatile compounds were conducted at 24, 168, 336, 504, and 672 hours of fermentation. Whole wheat sourdough contained more aroma volatile compounds (62) than all-purpose sourdough (45). The major aroma volatile compounds of whole wheat sourdough were hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and heterocycles. Meanwhile, aldehydes were dominant in the all-purpose sourdough. During whole wheat sourdough fermentation, a decrease in peak area percent was observed for aldehydes, ketones, and heterocycles, whereas an increase in the case of hydrocarbons. On the other hand, aldehydes dramatically increased in peak area percent for all-purpose sourdough. Aroma volatile compounds emanating from sourdough fermentation can aid consumers as well as manufacturers with regards to the quality, shelf-life, and what characteristic aromas the final bread product will possess.
Food Safety Education Using Book Covers and Videos to Improve Street Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Elementary School Students
Authors: Riyanto Agus , Murwani Retno , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani , Rahfiludin M
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to assess food safety education using school book covers and videos to Public Elementary School PES students in Cimahi City, West Java, Indonesia to order to improve knowledge, attitude, and practice of street food safety. We used quasy experiment with pretest−posttest control group design. We selected the intervention group from four public elementary schools in South Cimahi City where food poisoning had occurred, and the control group from four public elementary schools in North Cimahi City by simple random sampling. Samples consisted of 224 students; 112 as control and 112 as intervention group. This study was conducted for six months, in which the food safety education regarding street food safety used diffferent book covers for ten subject note books and videos. The book covers which consisted of materials on bacteriological and chemical food safety were explained once a week within 50−60 minutes duration. The videos regarding street food safety were given for 3 (three) times within 6 months. Before food safety education, there was no significant difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice (p>0.05) between the control and intervention groups. After six month food safety education, knowledge, attitude, and practice significantly improved (p<0.05) in intervention group compared to control group. Within intervention group, knowledge was improved from 5.4% (pre intervention) to 91.1% (post intervention), attitude from 69.6% (pre intervention) to 97.3% (post intervention), and practice from 21.4% (pre intervention) to 59.8% (post intervention). This study provides evidence that food safety education using book covers and videos to the elementary students for six months improved their knowledge, attitude, and practice of street food safety.
Shelf-Life Studies on Osmo-Air Dried White Button Mushroom (Agaricus Bisporus L.)
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Barmanray Aradhita , Kumar Shiv
Published: August 2017

White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus L.) was subjected to osmotic dehydration at different concentrations of common salt (sodium chloride) i.e. 10, 15, 20 and 25% and sugar solution i. e. 50, 60 and 70°B and dried in hot-air oven at 55 ± 2 °C. There were about 31.2, 29.4, 27.2 and 24.4% reduction in weight with 10, 15, 20 and 25% salt solutions and 35.4, 38.3 and 38.8% with 50, 60 and 70°B sugar solution respectively. It took about 240, 220, 200 and 180 minutes to dry samples after osmotic treatment with 10, 15, 20 and 25% salt concentration and 240, 220 and 220 minutes with 50, 60 and 70°B sugar solution respectively. The untreated samples took about 340 minutes for complete drying. The colour was brighter for samples dried after OT with 25% salt and 70°B sugar concentrations having lowest optical density (OD) values. The dried products were packed in 200 gauge polypropylene bags and stored at ambient condition for one year. The chemical, microbial and organoleptic changes were monitored for one year. Storage study showed that there was marginal increase in moisture content and decrease in organoleptic quality of osmoa-air dried (OAD) mushroom slices. The samples dried after osmosis with 25% salt and 70°B sugar concentrations were found microbiologically safe and organoleptically acceptable up to one year of storage at ambient condition.
Utilization of Dairy Industry Waste-Whey in Formulation of Papaya RTS Beverage
Authors: Panghal Anil , Kumar Vikas , Dhull Sanju , Gat Yogesh , Chhikara Navnidhi
Published: August 2017

Fruits and vegetable are highly perishable and are subjected to rapid post harvest losses. Their value addition can enhance shelf life, new product development and finally commodity value in market. The present work was planned to prepare papaya based beverage with whey incorporation (0, 25, 50 and 100%), which is a major environmental pollutant from dairy industry. RTS was evaluated for its nutritional composition, physicochemical attributes like titratable acidity, total soluble solids, total and reducing sugars and sensory quality. Microbial quality was also observed for 60 days. Results revealed that on increasing whey incorporation, nutritional quality was enhanced, but poor sensory and microbial quality was observed. Beverage with 25% addition was found most acceptable with overall acceptability of 8.59±0.21. Selected beverage has 15.05±0.18 oBrix TSS, 0.30±0.11% acidity, 5.37±0.01g/100g reducing sugar, 14.06±0.46 g/100g total sugar and 5.60±0.02 mg/100g ascorbic acid, thus depicting enhanced nutritional value and this creates a scope for better health, enhanced papaya postharvest value and whey utilization.
A minireview on the use of wavelet analyses on physiological signals to diagnose and characterize ADHD
Authors: De Celis Alonso Benito , Hernández López Javier M. , Suárez García José G. , Moreno Barbosa Eduardo
Published: August 2017

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders in pediatric patients. The actual golden standard of ADHD diagnosis is based on conclusions derived from clinical questionnaires. Nowadays, there is no quantitative measurement performed with any imaging system (MRI, PET, EEG, etc.) that can be considered as a golden standard for this diagnosis. This issue, is highlighted by the existence of international competitions focused on the production of a technological (quantitative) solution capable of complementing ADHD diagnosis (ADHD-200 Global Competition). Wavelet analysis, on the other hand, is a flexible mathematical tool that can be used for information and data processing. Its advantage over other types of mathematical transformations is its ability to decompose a signal into two parameters (frequency and time). Based on the prevalence of ADHD and the extra functionality of wavelet tools, this review will try to answer the following question: How have wavelet analyses been used to complement diagnosis and characterization of ADHD? It will be shown that applications were not casual and limited to time-frequency decomposition, noise removal or down sampling of signals, but were pivotal for construction of learning networks, specific parameterization of signals or calculations of connectivity between brain nodes.
Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan Dengan Keterbatasan Manusia Dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an
Authors: Mussafi Noor Saif Muhammad
Published: August 2017

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio  produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function  𝑄𝑥with constraints𝜇 𝑇 𝑥 ≥ 𝑅and𝐴𝑥 = 𝑏. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis.
Penanaman Karakter Penalaran Matematis Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Melalui 1 Pola Pikir Induktif-Deduktif
Authors: Nu’man Mulin
Published: August 2017

One of the mathematics learning purposes is using reasoning in patterns and properties, mathematical manipulation in making generalization, compiling evidence, or explaining mathematical ideas and statements. Mathematical learning based on behaviorism has been seen as less successful in instilling character of mathematics reasoning. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative learning not only teaching but instilling character of mathematical reasoning. This paper offers constructivist in mathematics learning, which is one of the ways to involve the use of inductive-deductive thinking. Activities that involve students learning to use the inductive-deductive mindset needs to be designed and implemented by teachers. Using inductive thinking can be conditioned, especially in the process of understanding a concept or generalization. Deductive thought patterns can be conditioned to improve mathematical reasoning, for example, in the proofing. The mindset of inductive and deductive mathematical reasoning is difficult to separate in the mathematical reasoning therefore it is regarded involving the use of inductive-deductive thinking.
Aplikasi Aljabar Geometris Pada Teori Elektrodinamika Klasik
Authors: Purwanto Joko
Published: August 2017

In this paper geometric algebra and its aplication in the theory of classical electrodynamic will  be studied. Geometric algebra provide many simplification and new insight in the theoretical formulation and physical aplication of theory. In this work has been studied aplication of geometric algebra in classical electrodynamics especially Maxwell’s equations. Maxwell’s equations was formulated in one compact equation ÑF=J. The various equation parts are easily identified by their  grades.
Perbandingan Berbagai Model Conditionally Heteroscedastic Time Series Dalam Analisis Risiko Investasi Saham Syariah Dengan Metode Value At Risk
Authors: Qudratullah Mohammad Farhan
Published: August 2017

Value at Risk (VaR) is one of the tools recommended Bank Indonesia to gauge the risk of an investment, the VaR approach tends to be more associated with the conventional assumption of a normal distribution, while contemporary empirical findings indicate the existence of patterns of abnormality in the nature of statistical data, especially on financial data. Up to this time shares in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) is still heavily influenced by the dynamics of market volatility which one, so the necessary in-depth analysis to help investors make the right decisions in investing. This research addresses the issue of risk analysis model using the VaR approach using a variety of model Heterokedastic Timeseris Conditionals (CHT) and find the best model. As for the data used is the daily closing stock index data-Sharia stocks (JII) post-crisis global 2008 (January 2009 – June 2011) and the software used is E-Views 5.1 and Excel 2007. The results obtained are of 16 (sixteen) model approach to VaR-CHT used, only 5 (five) a valid model on a confidence level of 99%, i.e. Approach (2.2) GARCH, GARCH M standard deviation GARCH (1,1), M Log (Variansi) (1,1), TARCH M Log (Variansi) (1,1), EGARCH and M Log (Variansi) (1,1). The VaR Model of the CHT are the best and recommended in analyzing the risks of stock investment is Shariah (JII) is a model that gives the value of the VaR model, i.e. the smallest VaR GARCH-M standard deviation (1,1) that gives the value of VaR is equal to 3.2396%.
Peningkatan Peran Aktif Mahasiswa Pada Kalkulus Integral Menggunakan Metode Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams-Achievement Division
Authors: Sumargiyani Sumargiyani
Published: August 2017

Problems in teaching integral calculus that requires attention in the motivation of learning alongside students is the active role of the student. The active role of the student during the teaching and learning process will affect on the results of his studies. As for the purpose of this research is to improve the students ' active role by using cooperative learning method type STAD.  The subject of research as many as 20 students PGMIPA education courses Math UAD who take Courses Integral Calculus semester three academic year 2012/2013. The cycle is done as much as 3 times the cycle. Data collection is done using sheets of observation, interviewing, documentation, diagnostic tests and field notes. Furthermore the data analyzed by qualitative descriptive.   Based on the results of data analysis revealed that the use of cooperative learning methods type STAD can enhance the active role of students in cycle I of 48.53% in category enough, cycle II increased by 59.21% in the category of pretty and cycle III increased by 71.76% in both categories.
Metode Akra-Bazzi Sebagai Generalisasi Metode Master Dalam Menyelesaikan Relasi Rekurensi
Authors: Abrori Muchammad
Published: August 2017

Rekurensi relation is an equation that relates the elements of a sequence. One of the benefits of the rekurensi relation can be used to calculate the running time/finish of an  algorithm. Some algorithms use approach devide-and-conquer in resolving a problem. Rekurensi relations with the approach of the devide and conquer can be solved by several methods. This research aims to know the Akra-Bazzi Method as an extension Method of the Master. This research began with the dissected the concept pertaining to the Relation Rekurensi, methods for resolving Relationship Rekurensi, and lastly about methods of AkraBazzi. Note that Akra-Bazzi Method can solve a rekurensi devide-and-conquer with shorter calculation.
Teorema Titik Tetap Pada Ruang Quasi Metrik Terasing Tanpa Menggunakan Sifat Kekontinuan Fungsi
Authors: Malahayati Malahayati , Utami Mutia
Published: August 2017

Dislocated quasi metric spaces is spaces with distance function that only satisfies two conditions from four conditions of distance function in metric spaces. Every metric spaces is dislocated quasi metric spaces, but the convers not satifies, so the characters that satisfies in metric spaces may not satisfies in dislocated quasi metric spaces.  This paper is to recite fixed point theorems without continuity of any mapping in dislocated quasi metric spaces, also gives an example using the theorems that has recited
Peramalan Hasil Reaksi Asetilasi Gliserol Menjadi Triacetin Mengunakan Katalis Silika Sulfat Dari Sekam Padi Dengan Analisa Persamaan Regresi
Authors: Krisdiyanto Didik
Published: August 2017

Glycerol is a derivative product of biodiesel transesterification process to obtain methyl ester. Glicerol derivative made from esterification of glycerol and acetic acid with the aid of a catalyst. In this study acetylation residual glycerol production of biodiesel using silica catalyst sulfate from rice husk ask with parameter ratio of reactants, reaction time, reaction temperature, the amount of catalyst and stirring speed. Results from linear regression analysis showed that the equation with reaction time variations have the highest representation of the data that is 0.9984. This is supported by forecasting analysis to predicted the results of experiments with independent variable reaction times. This indicated by the small value of the error either by using MAD, MSE, MAPE and Tracking Signals. This is mean that the equation with independent variable reaction time can be used to predict the results of a qualitative reaction.
Konsep Fungsi Semikontinu
Authors: Malahayati Malahayati
Published: August 2017

This paper discusses the basic concepts and some of semicontinuous function, begins by introducing the concept of upper limit and lower limit.
Analisis Portofolio Optimum Saham Syariah Dengan Model Black Litterman
Authors: Ratri Arum Virgina Dewi Kusuma
Published: August 2017

Kegiatan berinvestasi yang dilakukan oleh investor tidak dapat terlepas dari faktor return dan risiko. Pembentuk portofolio menjadi suatu pilihan yang dapat membantu meminimalkan risiko dan mengoptimalkan keuntungan. Salah satunya adalah model portofolio Black Litterman (BL). Model ini merupakan model yang mengkombinasikan antara return ekuilibrium yang diperoleh melalui Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) dengan pandangan/views investor tentang return suatu aset. Penelitian ini membahas tentang penerapan model Black Litterman pada saham syariah yang tergabung dalam Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) periode Januari 2014 – Januari 2015. Pemilihan portofolio dilakukan dengan memilih 5 (lima) saham yang memiliki expected return CAPM terbesar diperoleh saham INDF, MNCN, MPPA, SILO dan SSMS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa portofolio model Black Litterman terbentuk dari saham INDF (54,44%), MNCN (11,69%), MPPA (13,17%) dan SSMS (20,70%) dengan return 0,13% dan risiko 0,0114%.
Analisis Portofolio Optimum Saham Syariah Menggunakan Stochastic Dominance
Authors: Kuswandanu Eruit
Published: August 2017

Hal terpenting yang diperhatikan oleh seorang investor adalah bagaimana investasi dapat menghasilkan return optimal pada tingkat resiko yang minimal, sehingga untuk mengetahui hal tersebut investor dapat melakukan diversifikasi. Diversifikasi dapat diwujudkan dengan cara mengkombinasikan berbagai pilihan saham dalam investasi (membentuk portofolio saham optimal). Salah satu teknik analisa portofolio optimal adalah menggunakan metode stochastic dominance, dimana metode ini tidak mensyaratkan distribusi dari return investasi harus bersifat normal. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus pada saham syariah Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) yang tergabung dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada periode Januari 2012 – Desember 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat 6 saham yang memiliki dominasi, diantaranya adalah ICBP, INDF, JSMR, PGAS, WIKA, SMGR. Proporsi tertinggi dimiliki oleh saham JSMR dan PGAS sebesar 25%, proporsi saham WIKA dan ICBP sebesar 18,75%, kemudian proporsi terendah adalah saham INDF dan SMGR sebesar 6,25%. Besar tingkat pengembalian yang diharapkan dalam portofolio optimal adalah 2,845%.
Pengembangan Website Jii - Analisa.Com Sebagai Alat Analisis Portofolio Optimum Metode Varian Kovarian Pada Pasar Modal Syariah Di Indonesia
Authors: Qudratullah Mohammad Farhan , Zakuan Muhammad , Riyanto Riyanto
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan website JII-Analisa.com sebagai alat analisis portofolio syariah optimum metode varian kovarian. Website JII-Analisa.com dikembangkan dengan menggunakan SDLC (Sysems Development Life Cycle) yang terdiri atas 5 (lima) langkah, yaitu perencanaan rencana strategis pengembangan website, penentuan ruang lingkup pengembangan, analisis kebutuhan yang diperlukan, membuat desain dan implementasi pembuatan website serta pengujian. Secara umum terdapat 2 (dua) langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk melakukan analisis portofolio optimum menggunakan JII.Analisa.com, yaitu pemilihan saham pembentuk portofolio menggunakan menu Analisis Saham dan perhitungan portofolio optimum. Hasil implementasi website untuk periode data 01 Januari 2014 – 28 Februari 2015 diperoleh proporsi untuk masing – masing saham pembentuk portofolio optimum adalah KLBF.JK sebesar 35%, JSMR.JK 30%, SSMS.JK 17%, MPPA.JK 12%, PTPP.JK 5%, dan PWON.JK 0.2% dengan Return yang dihasilkan sebesar 0.21%, risiko sebesar 1.01% dan indeks sharpe 0.20655.
Pengembangan Model Matematika SIRD (Susceptibles-Infected-Recovery-Deaths) Pada Penyebaran Virus Ebola
Authors: Purwati Endah , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: August 2017

Ebola is a deadly disease caused by a virus and is spread through direct contact with blood or body fluids such as urine, feces, breast milk, saliva and semen. In this case, direct contact means that the blood or body fluids of patients were directly touching the nose, eyes, mouth, or a wound someone open.

In this paper examined two mathematical models SIRD (Susceptibles-Infected-Recovery-Deaths) the spread of the Ebola virus in the human population. Both the mathematical model SIRD on the spread of the Ebola virus is a model by Abdon A. and Emile F. D. G. and research development model. This study was conducted to determine the point of disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium point and stability analysis of the dots, knowing the value of the basic reproduction number (R0) and a simulation model using Matlab software version 6.1.0.450.

From the analysis of the two models, obtained the same point for disease-free equilibrium point with the stability of different points and different points for endemic equilibrium point with the stability of both the same point and the same value to the value of the basic reproduction number (R0). After simulating the model using Matlab software version 6.1.0.450, it can be seen changes in the behavior of the population at any time.
Analisis Portofolio Syariah Optimal Menggunakan Model Mean Variance Efficient Portofolio (MVEP) Dengan Pendekatan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Authors: Nurani Laeli , Qudratullah Mohammad Farhan
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini membahas analisis portofolio syariah optimum menggunakan model Mean-Variannce Efficient Portofolio (MVEP) yang proses pemilihan sahamnya menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dengan menggunakan kendala input (Standar Deviasi, Debt Earning Ratio, Book Value Share, Price Book Value Ratio) dan kendala output (Return, Earning Per Share, Return On Equity, Return On Asset, Net Profit Margin, Price Earning Ratio). Data yang digunakan dalam Tugas Akhir ini adalah saham-saham yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) periode 27 Juni 2014 – 18 Februari 2016. Hasil uji efisiensi dengan DEA-CCR dan DEA-BCC diperoleh 14 saham terpilih sebagai kandidat pembentuk portofolio, yaitu: ADRO, ASRI, BSDE INDF, INTP, ITMG, KLBF, LPKR, LSIP, PGAS, SMGR, SMRA, TLKM, dan UNVR. Dari ke-14 saham tersebut diperoleh 4 saham optimal dengan besar dana yang harus diinvestasikan pada masing-masing saham yaitu: TLKM (52%), UNVR (7%), LPKR (17%) dan INDF (24%) dengan ekspektasi keuntungan sebesar 0,000646 (0,06%) resiko sebesar 0,01389 (1,4%).
Analisis Kinerja Portofolio Optimal Constant Correlation Model Pada Saham Syari’ah Dengan Menggunakan Metode Sortino, Treynor Ratio Dan M2
Authors: Sari Indah Puspita , Qudratullah Mohammad Farhan
Published: August 2017

Banyaknya jenis saham-saham yang ditawarkan di pasar modal mengakibatkan investor harus berhati-hati dalam menentukan saham yang akan dibelinya, karena setiap saham yang ditawarkan selalu mempunyai risiko disamping menjanjikan return. Oleh karena itu untuk memilih saham yang akan memberikan return yang optimum dengan risiko yang serendah-rendahnya maka perlu digunakan analisis portofolio.Penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis kinerja portofolio optimal menggunakan Constant Correlation Model dan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja dari portofolio saham tersebut digunakan beberapa metode yaitu Sortino, Treynor, dan M2 untuk mengetahui portofolio mana yang memiliki kinerja terbaik. Hal ini sangat penting dilakukan untuk membantu para investor dalam memilih saham manakah yang paling baik dan menguntungkan bagi mereka dalam menanamkan modalnya. Adapun data saham yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah saham Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) periode 1 Juni 2013-30 Maret 2016.Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa portofolio A merupakan portofolio yang optimal. Proporsi masing-masing saham yang masuk dalam portofolio optimal yaitu saham ITMG (53,7%), ASRI (18,4%), PGAS (23,6%) dan TLKM (4,2%) dengan besar tingkat pengembalian yang diharapkan dari portofolio optimal adalah 16,5%, sedangkan risiko portofolio optimal sebesar 3,2%. Nilai kinerja tertinggi masing-masing portofolio yang dihitung menggunakan ketiga metode di atas secara berturut-turut adalah portofolio C sebesar 3,79, portofolio B sebesar 3,66 dan portofolio A sebesar 0,11. Hasil perbandingan kinerja antar portofolio saham dan uji konsistensi menunjukkan bahwa hasil kinerja antara ketiga metode tersebut tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dan ketiga metode tersebut tidak memiliki konsistensi dalam mengukur kinerja portofolio saham.
Protokol Otentikasi Berdasarkan Masalah Konjugasi Pada Grup Unit Atas Ring Endomorfisma END(Z_p×Z_(p^2 ) )
Authors: Riyanto Muhamad Zaki
Published: August 2017

Diberikan suatu bilangan prima p, maka adalah ring non-komutatif dengan elemen satuan dan memuat sebanyak  elemen. Climent et.al. (2011) telah menunjukkan bahwa ring isomorfis dengan ring , serta memberikan penerapan dari ring tersebut dalam kriptografi, yaitu berupa protokol pertukaran kunci berdasarkan masalah dekomposisi. Pada makalah ini, protokol pertukaran kunci tersebut dikembangkan menjadi suatu protokol otentikasi. Fungsi dari protokol otentikasi adalah sebagai sarana untuk membuktikan kebenaran identitas pihak pengirim (user) kepada pihak penerima (server). Dalam makalah ini diperkenalkan suatu protokol otentikasi yang didasarkan pada masalah konjugasi pada grup unit . Penggunaan grup unit unit  didasarkan pada fakta bahwa grup ini memuat sebanyak  elemen. Apabila semakin besar bilangan prima p yang digunakan, maka diharapkan masalah konjugasi pada grup  menjadi lebih sulit untuk dipecahkan.
Optimasi Perencanaan Produksi Kue Dan Bakery di Home Industry “SELARAS CAKE” Menggunakan Model Goal Programming
Authors: Istiqomah Nusaibah Al , Lestari Dwi
Published: August 2017

This study aimed to: know the model of the production planning problem solving goal programming model without the priority objectives and goal programming model of the priority goals, determine the demand forecast cakes and bakery as well as to determine which is optimal between the two models in determining the amount of production. This research was conducted in bakery products such as cakes and banana muffins, brownies, sponge rollers, greenis, bakery and chocolate pizza bakery. By reviewing of some of the literature, this problem can be solved by using a goal programming models and models without priority objectives programminng goal with the priority goal. Based on the research, production plans generated from both models is identical, ie the amount of production of banana muffins as many as 31 586 units, greenis as many as 31 839 units, sponge rollers as many as 31 839 units, brownies as many as 60645 units, chocolate bakery as many as 16 425 units, and pizza bakery as many as 164 245 units , Meanwhile, on the model of goal programming without priority objectives the company obtained revenue of Rp 426,034,500.00 with a production cost of US $ 147,021,000.00, while the advantages of goal programming models with a priority goal of Rp 376,759,500.00 and production costs Rp 131,006,600.00. This means, if the profit is assumed to revenue minus production costs, then for a greater profit, the company suggested using the model of goal programming without priority objectives for yield greater reductions.
Analisis Risiko Investasi Saham Syariah Dengan Model Value AT Risk-Asymmetric Power Autoregressive Conditional Heterocedasticity (VaR-APARCH)
Authors: Hidayatullah Syarif , Qudratullah Mohammad Farhan
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini membahas analisis risiko data runtun waktu dengan model Value at Risk- Asymmetric Power Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (VaR-APARCH)dalam pasar modal syariah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penerapan kasus.Data yang digunakan adalah harga penutupan harian saham dalam Jakarta Islamic Index (JII)periode 4 Maret 2013 sampai 8 April 2015.Model APARCH yang dipilih berdasarkan nilai Schwarz Criterion (SC).Langkah-langkah dalam penelitian ini adalah menguji kestasioneran data, mengidentifikasi model ARIMA,mengestimasi parameter model ARIMA, menguji diagnostik model ARIMA, mendeteksi ada tidaknya unsur ARCH atau unsur heteroskedastisitas, uji asimetris data saham, mengestimasi model APARCH, menguji diagnostik model APARCH, dan menghitung risiko dengan VaR-APARCH.Model terbaik yang dipilih adalah ARIMA ((3),0,0) dan APARCH (1,1). Model ini valid untuk menganalisis besar risiko investasi dalam jangka waktu 10 hari ke depan.
Retention Futility: Targeting High-Risk Customers Might be Ineffective
Authors: Ascarza Eva
Published: August 2017

Companies in a variety of sectors are increasingly managing customer churn proactively, generally by detecting customers at the highest risk of churning and targeting retention efforts towards them. While there is a vast literature on developing churn prediction models that identify customers at the highest risk of churning, no research has investigated whether it is indeed optimal to target those individuals. Combining two field experiments with machine learning techniques, the author demonstrates that customers identified as having the highest risk of churning are not necessarily the best targets for proactive churn programs. This finding is not only contrary to common wisdom but also suggests that retention programs are sometimes futile not because firms offer the wrong incentives but because they do not apply the right targeting rules. Accordingly, firms should focus their modeling efforts on identifying the observed heterogeneity in response to the intervention and to target customers on the basis of their sensitivity to the intervention, regardless of their risk of churning. This approach is empirically demonstrated to be significantly more effective than the standard practice of targeting customers with the highest risk of churning. More broadly, the author encourages firms and researchers using randomized trials (or A/B tests) to look beyond the average effect of interventions and leverage the observed heterogeneity in customers' response to select customer targets.
On Cauchy–Liouville-type theorems
Authors: Araya Ataklti , Mohammed Ahmed
Published: August 2017

In this paper we explore Liouville-type theorems to solutions of PDEs involving the ϕ-Laplace operator in the setting of Orlicz–Sobolev spaces. Our results extend Liouville-type theorems that have been obtained recently.
Exploring language attitudes in ELF research: Contrasting approaches in conversation
Authors: Ishikawa Tomokazu , Panero Sonia Morán
Published: August 2017

With reference to two recent doctoral research projects on ELF, the present article examines the characterisation of language attitudes as either stable or variable evaluative phenomena, and provides a detailed account of methodological practices that may be favoured from each ontological position. The durability of language attitudes is more specifically conceptualised as a stable (but not enduring) construct directed to a linguistic phenomenon in one thesis, and as variable and emergent forms of evaluative social practice around a language-related issue in the other. With these two different approaches in conversation, the authors consider the extent to which stability and variability of language attitudes may be two sides of the same coin, and question whether it is safe to assume a priori the inferability of stable language attitudes from the observation of evaluative practice. This article evidences the need for ELF researchers working in this area to contemplate what and how it is being researched in the name of language attitudes while having awareness of possible alternatives in any given study.
On The Problem of Syntactic Variation and Pragmatic Meaning in Sociolinguistic Theory
Authors: Romaine Suzanne
Published: August 2017

In view of the apparent successes achieved with Labovian quantitative methods in the analysis of phonological Variation, it is not surprising to find these techniques being extended to include the study of syntax. S
A rhetorical analysis of humor styles and techniques used in persian stand-up comedy
Authors: Heidari-Shahreza Mohammad Ali
Published: August 2017

To the best of my knowledge, this is the first (rhetorical) investigation of Persian stand-up comedy. In the present research, a rhetorical approach is taken to examine humor styles and techniques used in seven stand-up performances. These performances were performed by two Iranian comedians, the finalists from a recent (and probably the first) Persian stand-up comedy contest in Iran. Initially, Asian stand-up comedy is briefly addressed. Then, Persian stand-up comedy is introduced within the continuum of Iranian performing traditions. Afterward, the typology, unit of analysis and the communication framework employed in this research are elaborated on. Having established the historical and theoretical preliminaries, the paper reports on and discusses the findings. Particularly, the rhetorical devices used by the comedians to create humor are highlighted. Moreover, several aspects of the interaction between the comedians and the audience are touched upon. Finally, the paper points out several directions of Persian stand-up comedy, the study’s limitations and suggestions for further research.
The Importance of Haemogram Parameters in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Septic Patients
Authors: Orfanu Alina Elena , Popescu Cristina , Leuștean Anca , Negru Anca Ruxandra , Tilişcan Cătălin , Aramă Victoria , Aramă Ștefan Sorin
Published: August 2017

Sepsis represents a severe pathology that requires both rapid and precise positive and differential diagnosis to identify patients who need immediate antimicrobial therapy. Monitoring septic patients′ outcome leads to prolonged hospitalisation and antibacterial therapy, often accompanied by substantial side effects, complications and a high mortality risk. Septic patients present with complex pathophysiological and immunological disorders and with a predominance of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators which are heterogeneous with respect to the infectious focus, the aetiology of sepsis or patients′ immune status or comorbidities. Previous studies performed have analysed inflammatory biomarkers, but a test or combinations of tests that can quickly and precisely establish a diagnosis or prognosis of septic patients has yet to be discovered. Recent research has focused on re-analysing older accessible parameters found in the complete blood count to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. The neutrophil/lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR), mean platelet volume (MPV) and red blood cells distribution width (RDW) are haemogram indicators which have been evaluated and which are of proven use in septic patients′ management.
Lung Abscess Remains a Life-Threatening Condition in Pediatrics – A Case Report
Authors: Chirteș Ioana Raluca , Mărginean Cristina Oana , Gozar Horea , Georgescu Anca Meda , Meliț Lorena Elena
Published: August 2017

Pulmonary abscess or lung abscess is a lung infection which destroys the lung parenchyma leading to cavitations and central necrosis in localised areas formed by thick-walled purulent material. It can be primary or secondary. Lung abscesses can occur at any age, but it seems that paediatric pulmonary abscess morbidity is lower than in adults. We present the case of a one year and 5-month-old male child admitted to our clinic for fever, loss of appetite and an overall altered general status. Laboratory tests revealed elevated inflammatory biomarkers, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, anaemia, thrombocytosis, low serum iron concentration and increased lactate dehydrogenase level. Despite wide-spectrum antibiotic therapy, the patient’s progress remained poor after seven days of treatment and a CT scan established the diagnosis of a large lung abscess. Despite changing the antibiotic therapy, surgical intervention was eventually needed. There was a slow but steady improvment and eventually, the patient was discharged after approximately five weeks.
Twenty Challenges in Incident Planning
Authors: Karagiannis Georgios Marios , Synolakis Costas
Published: August 2017

Disasters create overwhelming demands to affected communities and pose unique problems that complicate efforts of orchestrating the response. It is in such environments of uncertainty, operational friction, time-constraints and the need for interagency coordination that disaster and crisis managers are required to develop incident plans to address multiple demands. Based on observations from 50 disaster exercises, we have identified twenty critical points in incident planning, that is, those incident planning activities which are most challenging for emergency managers, are poorly implemented or otherwise constitute an area for improvement. The most challenging components of the incident planning process were information gathering from the field, running estimates of the situation, response-generated demands, resource capabilities and mobilization time, course of action development and analysis, and decision-making under uncertainty. In addition, this study identified three good practices in incident planning. First, the process is iterative and planners revisit several steps in a back-and-forth fashion. Second, both rational and intuitive decision-making processes are likely to be used during the course of any one incident, based on the time available for planning. Third, better plans are produced when flexibility is built into courses of action to address expected developments of situation or when decision-making is decentralized.
A Data-Centric Approach for Model-Based Systems Engineering
Authors: Zhan Guoxiong , Ge Bingfeng , Li Minghao , Yang Kewei
Published: August 2017

A data-centric approach is proposed to facilitate the design and analysis of challenging complex systems and address the problems of currently existing model-based systems engineering (MBSE) methodologies. More specifically, based on three core steps of current MBSE methodologies, a high-level data meta-model, depicting the semantic relationships of high-level data concepts, is first presented to guide the data modeling for systems engineering (SE). Next, with respect to the six high-level data concepts, the data elements are collected as the modeling primitives to construct static and/or executable models, which can also act as a common and consistent data dictionary for SE. Then, the mapping associations amongst core data elements are established to associate the model elements in different steps and achieve the requirement traceability matrix. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated with an illustrative example.
Validation of the Tranquillity Rating Prediction Tool (TRAPT): comparative studies in UK and Hong Kong
Authors: Watts Greg , Marafa Lawal
Published: August 2017

The Tranquillity Rating Prediction Tool (TRAPT) has been used to make predictions of the quality of tranquility in outdoor urban areas using two significant factors i.e. the average level of anthropogenic noise and the percentage of natural features in view. The method has a number of applications including producing tranquillity contours that can inform decisions regarding the impact of new anthropogenic noise sources or developments causing visual intrusion. The method was intended for use in mainly outdoor areas and yet was developed using responses from UK volunteers to video clips indoors. Because the volunteers for this study were all UK residents it was important to calibrate responses for other ethnic groups who may respond differently depending on cultural background. To address these issues further studies were performed in Hong Kong using the same video recording played back under the same conditions as the study in the UK. The HK study involved recruiting three groups i.e. residents from Hong Kong, Mainland China and a diverse group from 16 different nations. There was good agreement between all these groups with average tranquillity ratings for the different locations differing by less than one scale point in most cases.
The Spirit Project: Strengthening the Capacities for Fostering Innovation Along Potato Value Chains in East Africa
Authors: Ritter Enrique , Barrandalla Leire , Malley Zacharia , Ongol Martin Patrick , Kaaya Archileo , Ooko George , Rosario Mínguez María del , Ruiz de Galarreta Jose Ignacio
Published: August 2017

The project SPIRIT was conducted in Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda and Kenya from 2012 to 2016 with the aim of increasing the contribution of agricultural science, technology and innovation to social development in East Africa. The project involved literature research, on-site visits and meetings with farmers, research institutions and stakeholders, information compilation, database establishment and a project webpage. A strategy with three main objectives and associated actions was implemented. The first objective focused on the improvement of scientific and technological knowledge of East African research organizations. For this, state-of the-art research on innovative technologies and practices for enhanced product quality was assessed; a web-based knowledge-sharing platform was created; the “East Africa Potato Research and Knowledge Exchange Forum” was constituted and six meetings with visits were realized. The second objective focused on private and civil society actors and governmental services and aimed at reinforcing their capacities for generating and adopting innovative technologies and practices. Sixteen innovation sessions were conducted. Guidelines for enhancing product quality along the potato value chain in East Africa were elaborated and disseminated. The third objective targeted governmental bodies with competences in policy-making for promoting changes in policies. Proposals for policymakers were developed and transferred to relevant authorities.
Sub-classifying the languages of the Lower Volta Valley: Towards redefining Kwa
Authors: Dakubu Mary Esther Kropp
Published: August 2017

This paper is concerned with defining the genetic position of the Ghana-Togo Mountain (GTM) languages, formerly known as theTogorestsprachen, later the Central Togo languages, in relation to what are currently known as the Kwa languages. It explores the possible genetic relationship of the languages now referred to as “Ghana-Togo Mountain” languages to the Potou-Tano languages, as an initial step towards defining their relationship towards all the languages of the area. Probably nobody today questions that the languages are all related, all being classifiable as Niger-Congo, but the problem is, how are they related? The paper does not conclusively prove that GTM languages belong to the family denoted by the node label “Potou-Tano”, but evidence adduced makes it seem very likely. It also shows that on the basis of several sound shifts it is reasonable to regard GTM as a genetic group within Potou-Tano. There is no clear evidence that the NA group of GTM is any more closely related to Tano than the KA group. An obvious next step is a proper comparison of the Tano and GTM noun class systems.
Bedingungen der Möglichkeit von Inklusion. Reflexive Sportwissenschaft an einem Beispiel
Authors: Schürmann Volker
Published: August 2017

Der Beitrag will ein sportphilosophischer Beitrag zur Inklusionsdebatte sein und zugleich kenntlich machen, was es heißen kann, einen Gegenstand der Sportwissenschaft philosophisch zu verhandeln. Der Sache nach geht es primär um die Artikulation ausgewählter kategorialer Bedingungen der Möglichkeit von Inklusion, sekundär um empirische Bedingungen der konkreten Realisierungsformen von Inklusion. Die herausgestellten kategorialen Bedingungen sind dem eigentümlichen Geltungsstatus von Inklusion geschuldet, nämlich kategorisch rechtsverbindlich zu gelten, gleichwohl aber auf einer freien Entscheidung zu beruhen, insbesondere also diskutierbar sein zu müssen. Erinnert wird daran, dass unterschiedliche Paradigmen von Inklusion unterschiedliche Konsequenzen für das soziale Miteinander haben, an die völkerrechtliche Verankerung des Inklusionsprinzips und an den völkerrechtlichen Status der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention.
„Inklusion? Ja, ja, machen wir jetzt auch!“
Authors: Hunger Ina
Published: August 2017

Anlässlich der Veröffentlichung des Positionspapiers ‚Inklusion und Sportwissenschaft‘ fragte die Autorin, Vizepräsidentin der dvs und Initiatorin der o. g. Publikation, bei verschiedenen sportwissenschaftlichen Standorten nach Resonanz und Umsetzung des im Papier konturierten Aufgabenbereichs ‚Ausbildung‘. Dabei entstand der Eindruck, dass sich der Umgang mit dem Thema „Inklusion“ in den letzten Jahren offensichtlich verändert hat. Ging es vor einigen Jahren in den akademisch geprägten Diskussionen noch primär (und mehr oder weniger erregt) um die Auslegung von Inklusion und um das Pro und Contra der geforderten gesellschaftlichen und bildungspolitischen Veränderungen, so deutet sich derzeit eine pragmatische Betriebsamkeit an. Inklusion erhält insofern Einzug in den Alltag sportwissenschaftlicher Ausbildung, als einschlägige Begriffe in Modulverzeichnisse eingespeist werden, Seminarpläne das Thema Inklusion punktuell aufgreifen und gezielte Oberflächenanpassungen vorgenommen werden. Strukturelle Änderungen bleiben jedoch weitgehend aus. Dieser Eindruck korrespondiert u. a. mit ministeriellen Erlassen und universitären Auflagen, die durch einschlägige Formulierungen oder Auslassungen anzeigen: Fürchtet Euch nicht vor Inklusion. Alles bleibt in etwa so, wie es ist.
A Glimpse into the Šumu-libši Archive: The Sociohistorical Context of a Prebend Sale from the E-kar-zaginna of Ea in Babylon and Related Texts
Authors: Gordin Shai
Published: August 2017

CT 51, 56 (BM 34545) is a prebend sale from the E-kar-zaginna temple in Babylon within the Šumu-libši family. It is suggested here that the prebend belonged to a lamentation singer (
Die Institutionen in den syrischen Immobiliartransaktionen aus Emar
Authors: Endesfelder Marc
Published: August 2017

Three institutions are found in the Syrian-style legal documents from Emar: the city, the palace and the „brothers“. As will be shown, most of these legal documents can be assigned to one of three groups that differ in form, content and function. Each group can be associated with one of the three institutions, which functions as the principal guarantor of the respective documents. The identification of these groups not only helps to characterize the role of the three institutions more precisely but also has important consequences for the interpretation of the corpus of Syrian legal documents as a whole and its relationship to the Syro-Hittite texts.
Partizipative Finanzierung: Synergetische Kooperation zur Überwindung des Spannungsfeldes zwischen bürgerpräferenzgerechter und haushaltspolitisch opportuner Leistungserbringung
Authors: Drescher Sebastian
Published: August 2017

Schwindende haushaltspolitische Handlungsspielräume der politischen Entscheidungsträger, eine Verknappung und Qualitätsminderung des Leistungsangebots im Bereich der Daseinsvorsorge und die daraus resultierende wachsende Politikverdrossenheit der Bürger

Zur Harmonisierung des Leseflusses wird der Begriff Bürger synonym für Bürgerinnen und Bürger verwendet.

haben vielerorts zu einem Umdenken geführt. Innovative Finanzierungsformen, die den Bürger in den Prozess der Planung und Leistungserstellung einbinden und zum Mitgestalter am eigenen Lebensumfeld avancieren lassen, zielen darauf ab, den Konflikt zwischen einer haushaltspolitisch opportunen und präferenzgerechten Leistungserbringung zu bewältigen. Dieser Artikel zeigt auf, welchen Beitrag hierbei die sogenannte partizipative Finanzierung im Rahmen einer synergetischen Kooperation zu leisten imstande ist.