bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Структурные особенности эпидермы листовых пластинок Scutellaria altissima L. в условиях культуры
Authors: Савченко Ольга Михайловна , Грязнов Михаил Юрьевич , Тимофеева Марина Александровна
Published: March 2024

Изучены микроморфологические особенности листовых пластинок шлемника высочайшего 1-го года вегетации, произрастающего в условиях лекарственного севооборота, в разные периоды онтогенеза и в зависимости от обработок препаратами Циркон и Феровит. Опыт с обработкой растений регуляторами роста был заложен в 2022 – 2023 гг. Листья 1-го года вегетации отличаются шероховатой кутикулой без выраженной складчатости. Край листа — городчатый. Листья нижнего яруса имеют антоциановое окрашивание вдоль жилок и в основании. Листья гипостоматические — устьица расположены на нижней стороне листовой пластинки. Устьичный аппарат, как и у взрослого растения, относится к диацитному типу. Наибольшее адаптивное воздействие на растения шлемника высочайшего оказывала бинарная смесь Циркон + Феровит на количество и размеры устьиц, показатели интенсивности опушения и параметры выделительных железок.
ÜRETİM VE İŞ SIRLARININ İFŞASI SURETİYLE İŞÇİNİN İRADİ REKABET ETMEME YÜKÜMLÜLÜĞÜ
Authors: Kulaç Cansu
Published: March 2024

İşçinin rekabet etmeme yükümlülüğü işveren açısından büyük önem taşır. Çalıştığı pozisyon sebebiyle iş sırrı niteliğinde bilgiler edinen ya da müşteri çevresini öğrenen işçinin, işverene rakip olmaya başlaması işverenin ekonomik menfaatleriyle bağdaşmayacaktır. Bu sebepledir ki hizmet sözleşmesi bittikten sonra dahi işveren tarafından, işçinin rekabet etmeme yükümlülüğü altına girmesi istenmektedir. İşçi ile işveren arasında akdedilen rekabet yasağı sözleşmesi ile rekabet etmeme yükümlülüğünün, hizmet sözleşmesi bittikten sonra da devam etmesi mümkündür. Ancak bu sözleşme tek başına sır saklama yükümlülüğünün de devam edeceği anlamına gelmez. Bu nedenle sözleşmeye sır tutma kaydının eklenmesi ya da ayrıca sır saklama sözleşmesinin yapılması gerekmektedir. İşçi ancak bu şekilde hizmet sözleşmesi sona ermesine rağmen sır saklama yükümlülüğü altına girer. Üretim ve iş sırlarını saklama yükümlülüğü olan işçinin bunları ifşa etmesi halinde ise sözleşme kapsamında ya da haksız rekabet hukuku çerçevesinde sorumluluğu gündeme gelecektir.
The literary shogunate in the Qing Dynasty: generation and evolution
Authors: Lin Zou
Published: March 2024

In the Qing Dynasty the shogunate (the office of the commanding officer in the feudal society) was so thrived in political ruling that it gave birth to literary shogunate focusing on literary and academic affairs. This article intends to take the rise, formation and cultural influence of the literary shogunate of the Qing Dynasty and take the first well-developed literary shogunate of Lu Jianzeng.
MEMBANGKITKAN DATA CUACA HARIAN DARI DATA BULANAN: STUDI KASUS SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Supriyadi Eko
Published: March 2024

Permasalahan utama ketika berhadapan dengan data cuaca adalah keterbatasan data harian. Paper ini menjelaskan teknik sederhana membangkitkan data cuaca harian dari data bulanan memanfaatkan pengamatan sinop dari Stasiun Klimatologi Minahasa Utara (1989-2014). Metode utama penelitian ini memanfaatkan fungsi logit, Fourier, dan gamma. Diperoleh hasil bahwa curah hujan hasil bangkitan menunjukan pola serupa dengan observasi serta dari uji statistika menunjukkan hasil tidak berbeda nyata (p<0.000), akan tetapi korelasi yang dihasilkan bernilai rendah (0.33–0.49). Berdasarkan pembagian musim, baik curah hujan bangkitan maupun observasi, bernilai tinggi pada musim DJF lalu menurun di MAM dan JJA kemudian naik di musim SON. Selain itu terdapat perbedaan curah hujan bangkitan dengan observasi disebabkan penggunaan bilangan acak sebaran uniform yang cenderung mengabaikan kekhasan waktu. Selanjutnya unsur cuaca suhu dan RH menghasilkan nilai bangkitan harian dari bulanan yang lebih rapat dibandingkan observasi dengan korelasi >0.8. Hal ini disebabkan fungsi Fourier yang digunakan tidak memiliki faktor keragaman lapangan.
Aktualnost političke teologije danas – Davor Rodin o ostavštini Carla Schmitta
Authors: Vlk Mirko
Published: March 2024

Članak obrađuje pitanje aktualnosti »stare« političke teologije njemačkog jurista Carla Schmitta koja, upriličena kao »sociologija juridičkih pojmova«, a potom i kao »stasiologija«, potkrjepljuje njegovu decizionističku teoriju države i realpolitičku teoriju međunarodnih odnosa. Autor se u tome ponajprije oslanja na znanstveni rad istaknutog hrvatskog politologa Davora Rodina, koji se i sam dotaknuo iste teme prije više od trideset godina. Uz Rodinovu raščlambu Schmittove kritike liberalne demokracije, posebna pozornost se posvećuje problemu legitimnosti liberalno-demokratskog političkog poretka te važnosti proceduralne uspostave političke vlasti uslijed nesumjerljivosti teorije i prakse. Uvažavajući Rodinov argument da stremljenje k političkoj transcendenciji, to jest, poistovjećivanju »auctoritas« u »potestas«, vodi uspostavi totalitarne države, ovaj članak propituje kako liberalna demokracija danas i u budućnosti može osigurati vjerodostojnost u očima javnosti ponad tek zakonske zaštite ljudskih prava i građanskih sloboda. Ujedno, zagovara aktualnost nove političke teologije Johanna Baptista Metza, koja obrazlože mjesto vjere u svijetu bez nijekanja humanističkog duha i postignuća novovjekovlja.
Surgery for Complications and Sequelae of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Ghebouli Khalil , Meskouri Karim , Larkem Hakim , Kecir Mohammed Amine , Belbekri Mehdi , Djender Amar , Haddam Abdelnacer
Published: March 2024

Tuberculosis, colloquially recognized as the "malady of indigence," stands as an ancient affliction that has pervaded human history. Its contagious nature was meticulously chronicled by medical luminaries such as Hippocrates and Galen, with archeological evidence revealing its existence in Egyptian mummies from a bygone era, extending over five millennia. The 1980s marked a resurgence of tuberculosis on a global scale, disproportionately impacting low-income nations. The resurgent relevance of surgery in the therapeutic armamentarium against pleuropulmonary tuberculosis and its sequelae has once again become a pertinent subject. The primary aim of our study is to elucidate the management of sequelar and/or complicated pleuropulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: This constituted a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January 2012 to August 31, 2023. The study encompassed the collection of data from 157 patients, all of whom had experienced at least one episode of tuberculosis and undergone surgical intervention. Results: The average age of our patients was 36.83 (±13.18) years, ranging from 19 to 60 years. Males predominated, constituting 36.69% of the cohort. Major symptoms included hemoptysis in 56.05% and bronchorrhea in 33.76% of cases. The primary surgical indications were predominantly bronchiectasis (31.84%), aspergilloma (26.75%), and encapsulated pleuritis (15.29%). Postoperative outcomes were uneventful in 82.80% of cases. The average duration of hospitalization was 13.8 days (±2.2). Conclusion: Despite the technical challenges associated with the surgical management of complications and sequelae arising from pleuropulmonary tuberculosis, the outcomes remain promising.
Into the Unknown - Conceptualizing Citizens' Experiences of Uncertainty in Citizen-state Interactions
Authors: Cecchini Mathilde
Published: March 2024

It is often argued that uncertainty is an inherent characteristic of citizen‒state interactions. It is therefore hardly surprising that many scholars of street-level bureaucracy have studied how frontline workers cope with and make discretionary decisions under uncertain conditions. However, citizens’ experiences of uncertainty have received limited attention in the street-level bureaucracy literature. This article argues that understanding citizens’ experiences of uncertainty is highly relevant because experiences of uncertainty are likely to affect mental wellbeing of individuals negatively. The article seeks to address this gap by building a conceptual framework for understanding and analyzing citizens’ experiences with uncertainty in state–citizen interactions based on theoretical insights from the existing literature and in-depth qualitative analysis of 20 narrative interviews with former COVID-19 patients and their relatives concerning their encounter with health authorities. The article proposes a conceptual framework that distinguishes between epistemic uncertainty and moral uncertainty. Epistemic uncertainty concerns uncertainty about empirical facts or knowledge. Moral uncertainty concerns uncertainty about values due to conflicting or competing norms and values. The article illustrates how these forms of uncertainty may arise before, during, and after citizens’ interaction with frontline workers.
Split case marking and constituent order in Nilotic languages
Authors: Mitchell Alice , Lorenzen Mandy , Gertrud Schneider-Blum , Hellwig Birgit
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a survey of split case marking across the Nilotic languages of East Africa. Expanding on König’s (2008) original insights, the survey is set within Chappell and Verstraete’s (2019) typology on alternations and optionalities in case marking, taking into account all accessible descriptions. It confirms the prevalence – and traces the extent – of a construction-based split, whereby only postverbal A (split ergative) or S/A (marked nominative) arguments receive case marking. Split ergativity is overall very rare; case is marked morphologically and the languages have a default OVA order. Marked nominative systems are more common; tonal inflection is the main marking strategy, and the default order is typically verb-initial. Languages without case marking have the default orders AVO or AOV, and do not have postverbal S/A arguments. The survey furthermore reveals an interaction with referent-based splits for some languages (where postverbal S/A arguments are obligatorily case-marked if they are animate, highly agentive and/or definite), and assembles all available information on factors that condition the construction-based split. On the basis of this survey and preliminary corpus-based investigations, we suggest that the concept of discourse prominence opens up a fruitful line for future research.
Semantic interference across word classes during lexical selection in Dutch
Authors: van der Burght Constantijn L , meyer antje
Published: March 2024

When producing a sentence, speakers must rapidly select appropriate words in the correct order. Models of lexical access often assume that this lexical selection process is competitive and that each word is chosen from a set of competing candidates. Therefore, an important theoretical issue is which factors constrain this choice. Speech error evidence suggests that word class plays a decisive role here and that lexical access is, at any point in time, restricted to words that fit the part of the grammatical structure of the sentence that is being constructed. Using a novel version of the picture-word interference paradigm, Momma, Buffinton, Slevc, and Phillips (2020, Cognition) showed experimentally that word class indeed constrains lexical selection. Specifically, in speakers of American English, action verbs (as in she’s singing) competed with semantically related action verbs (as in she’s whistling), but not with semantically related action nouns (as in her whistling). Similarly, action nouns only competed with semantically related action nouns, but not with action verbs. As this pattern has important implications for models of lexical access and sentence generation, we conducted a conceptual replication of the study in Dutch. In two experiments, we found a semantic interference effect, but, contrary to the original study, no evidence for a word class constraint. In accounting for these results, we propose that word class constraints on lexical selection are graded rather than categorical, and that, at least for verbs and action nouns, the marking for word class is clearer in English than in Dutch.
Physical pain: A key component of Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Macchia Lucía
Published: March 2024

Physical pain has been traditionally regarded as a body sensation. Most recently, physical pain has been considered an important human feeling. Subjective Well-Being (SWB) is a self-reported metric of well-being and involves different components including life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and sense of fulfilment in life. This piece argues that physical pain should be considered a component of Subjective Well-Being. Physical pain and the current indicators of SWB have critical features in common that support the inclusion of physical pain in the conceptualization of SWB. Despite the similarities, none of the present measures of SWB are perfect proxies for pain. This underscores the potential of physical pain to capture aspects overlooked by the existing components of SWB. Considering physical pain a component of SWB can help researchers and policymakers to better understand individuals’ well-being and to advance the field in the coming decades.
An Ideology by Any Other Name
Authors: Trexler Andrew , Johnston Christopher
Published: March 2024

The terms ‘liberal’ and ‘conservative’ are prominent features of political discourse in the United States, and many citizens choose to identify with one of these ideological labels. Yet, many citizens do not fit comfortably in either of these categories, and comparatively little is known about the breadth and importance of other ideological labels in the mass public. We pose a novel but simple survey question to a large nonprobability sample of survey respondents (n = 4,655) to measure self-identification with up to 14 different ideological labels, and trace the associations of this self-labeling with individual differences and political attitudes. We find that identification with alternative ideological labels is widespread in our sample and contains important information about political attitudes that common survey questions on ideology do not capture. In a preregistered conjoint experiment (n = 2,433), we show that attachment to alternative labels predicts vote choice in both primary and general election contexts. Our novel approach to measuring multidimensional ideological attachments provides a foundation for expanded scholarship on ideology beyond the confines of the liberal-conservative framework.
Prosecutor's Authority in Investigating Corruption Crimes Law Number 1 of 2023 comes Into Force
Authors: Rosalina Silpia , Chaidir Ellydar , Erdianto
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine and analyze the authority of the prosecutor's office in investigating corruption crimes after the enactment of the New Criminal Code which includes corruption crimes in the New Criminal Code. Although it has been affirmed that the prosecutor's office remains authorized to investigate criminal acts of corruption, the possibility of practical problems will still arise. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach, concepts, and comparisons. The results of the discussion of this study provide solutions to the limitations of the authority to investigate corruption crimes based on the type according to location, perpetrators, loss values, and types of corruption crimes that occurred.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Microwave Ablation versus Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy for patients with Small Renal Masses in Australia
Authors: Xia Qing , Senanayake Sameera Jayan , Kularatna Sanjeewa , Brain David , McPhail Steven , Parsonage William , Eastgate Melissa , Barnes Annette , brown nick , Carter Hannah
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Microwave ablation (MWA) has gained attention as a minimally invasive and safe alternative to surgical intervention for patients with small renal masses; however, its cost-effectiveness in Australia remains unclear. This study conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate the relative clinical and economic merits of MWA compared to robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RA-PN) in the treatment of small renal masses. Methods: A Markov state-transition model was constructed to simulate the progression of Australian patients with small renal masses treated with MWA versus RA-PN over a 10-year horizon. Transition probabilities and utility data were sourced from comprehensive literature reviews, and cost data were estimated from the Australian health system perspective. Life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and lifetime costs were estimated. Modelled uncertainty was assessed using both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. A willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $50,000 per QALY was adopted. All costs are expressed in 2022 Australian dollars and discounted at 3% annually. To assess the broader applicability of our findings, a validated cost-adaptation method was employed to extend the analysis to eight other high-income countries.Results: Both the base case and cost-adaptation analyses revealed that MWA dominated RA-PN, producing both lower costs and greater effectiveness over 10 years. The cost-effectiveness outcome was robust across all model parameters. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses confirmed that MWA was dominant in 98.3% of simulations at the designated WTP threshold, underscoring the reliability of the model under varying assumptions.Conclusion: For patients with small renal masses in Australia and comparable healthcare settings, MWA is the preferred strategy to maximize health benefits per dollar, making it a highly cost-effective alternative to RA-PN.Note: This is the original manuscript of our article published in the Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations on 4 October 2024 and available online: DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.09.016.
Power Plants and the Color of Money: Voters Form NIMBY Attitudes Based On Economic Factors, Not Racial Signals
Authors: Scheuch Eric
Published: March 2024

For decades, scholars have documented socioeconomic inequities in the siting of power plants. The trouble with these existing observational studies is that while they demonstrate patterns, they lack causal power. I evaluate one possible causal mechanism, the opinion of voters, through a large survey experiment that is the first to evaluate the impact that community race and income have on public opinion and the first to evaluate drivers of public opinion towards power plants in communities other than their own. I show that voters hold strongly NIMBY attitudes towards power plants, being 30% more supportive of a plant’s construction in communities other than their own. I also show that they form those attitudes based on economic factors (plant externalities, site suitability, and community income) rather than racial bias. By illustrating the causal mechanism underlying socioeconomic inequities, I advance the literature on environmental justice and climate politics, demonstrating how actors can reinforce socioeconomic inequities by following economic incentives rooted in discrimination without themselves taking discriminatory actions.
Realizing the full potential of behavioural science for climate change mitigation
Authors: Nielsen Kristian Steensen , Cologna Viktoria , Bauer Jan Michael , Berger Sebastian , Brick Cameron , Dietz Thomas , Hahnel Ulf J.J. , Henn Laura , Lange Florian , Stern Paul , Wolske Kimberly
Published: March 2024

Behavioural science has yielded insights about the actions of individuals, particularly as consumers, that affect climate change. Behaviours in other spheres of life remain understudied. In this Perspective, we propose a collaborative research agenda that integrates behavioural science insights across multiple disciplines. To this end, we offer six recommendations for optimizing the quality and impact of research on individual climate behaviour. The recommendations are united by a shift towards more solutions-focused research that is directly useful to citizens, policymakers and other change agents. Achieving this vision will require overcoming challenges such as the limited funding for behavioural and social sciences and structural barriers within and beyond the academic system that impede collaborations across disciplines.
Anxiety and Future-Self Clarity: Can Future Thinking Influence Self-Esteem?
Authors: Duffy Jessica , Salt Grace , Cole Scott , Charura Divine , Shevchenko Jennifer
Published: March 2024

Possible selves reflect one’s hopes and fears for their future identity. Previous research shows that high anxiety is associated with clearer feared possible selves. However, the mechanism through which clarity could maintain anxiety is relatively unexplored as are questions concerning whether clarity of possible selves could offer new methods of reducing anxiety. The present article aimed to investigate if the relationship between clarity and anxiety is mediated by self-esteem. In addition, the present study aimed to explore the impact of the Best Possible Self-Technique on anxiety. In line with predictions, it was found that the relationship between the clarity of feared possible selves and anxiety was mediated by self-esteem. In addition, a preliminary exploration (using a repeated measures design) showed potential benefits for using a Best Possible Self-Technique in reducing anxiety. Overall, these findings provide insights into a potential mechanism through which the clarity of feared possible selves could influence anxiety, namely, through reducing self-esteem. Also, the findings open new avenues for future interventions designed to reduce anxiety through targeting the clarity of thoughts concerning future selves.
Development of the Japanese Version of the Short Social Dominance Scale (SSDO)
Authors: Imada Hirotaka , Himichi Toshiyuki , Takahashi Ryu , Mifune Nobuhiro , TAGO ATSUSHI
Published: March 2024

Social dominance orientation (SDO), the general attitudes towards group-based inequality and dominance, is a key tenet of social dominance theory, and previous studies have found SDO is correlated with a wide range of variables related to intergroup attitudes. In this research, we developed the Japanese version of the short social dominance orientation scale (J-SSDO). We collected 632 Japanese participants across different regions in Japan and investigated a factor-structure, internal reliability and construct validity of J-SSDO. Overall, internal reliability of J-SSDO was low, while it was similar to that of the original scale especially in Asian languages. Yet, we found medium-to-large correlations between J-SSDO theoretically relevant variables such as attitudes towards aid to the poor, protecting ethnic/religious minorities, and more women in leadership positions.
Reasons for Discharge in a National Network of Early Psychosis Intervention Programs
Authors: Phalen Peter , Smith William R. , Jones Nev , Reznik Samantha J , Marti C. Nathan , Cosgrove John , Lopez Molly , Calkins Monica E. , Bennett Melanie
Published: March 2024

Background. Discharge from early psychosis intervention is a critical stage of treatment that may occur for a variety of reasons. This study characterizes reasons for discharge among participants in early psychosis intervention programs participating in the Early Psychosis Intervention Network (EPINET) which comprises >100 programs organized under eight academic hubs. Study Design. We analyzed 1,787 discharges, focusing on program completion, unilateral termination by the client/family, and lost contact with the client/family. We performed exploratory analyses of demographic, clinical, and functional predictors of discharge reason. Variables predictive of discharge type were included in multilevel logistic regressions, allowing for estimation of predictors of discharge reason and variability in rates by program and hub.Study Results. An estimated 20-30% of enrolled patients completed the program. Program completion rates were higher among participants who were older on admission, had lower negative symptoms severity, spent more time in education, employment or training, and who were covered by private insurance (a close proxy for socioeconomic status). Programs were more likely to lose contact with male participants, black participants, and participants who were never covered by private insurance. After accounting for patient-level factors, there was substantial program-level variation on all three discharge outcomes, and hub-level variability on the proportion of participants who completed the program. The impact of race on program completion varied substantially by program.Conclusions. Participants discharged from early psychosis intervention services for diverse reasons, some of which were associated with sociocultural factors. Disengagement is a widespread problem affecting all hubs.
The digital witness: Exploring gestural misinformation in tele-forensic interviews with 5-8-year-old children
Authors: Johnstone Kirsty L , Martin Chris , Blades Mark
Published: March 2024

In 2016, approximately half of children aged 2-17 worldwide experienced child abuse. This number increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with timely face-to-face eyewitness interviews disrupted due to social distancing. While live-link interviews have been successful in legal and medical contexts, its potential for eyewitness interviews remains insufficiently studied, particularly in terms of non-verbal misinformation. This study explored tele-forensic interviewing (tele-FI) as an alternative to face-to-face interviews, with a focus on the gestural misinformation effect (GME). Forty-seven children were recruited ranging in age from 5- to 8-years-old (M=6 years 11 months). Comparisons to face-to-face conditions were based on prior work by the author (N=63, M= 7 years 2 months). Results find support for the GME during tele-FI, with 1.23 misinformation details recorded on average and tele-FI showing a similar response pattern as face-to-face interviews. Accuracy was shown to be comparable in tele-FI (M=16.21) compared to face-to-face interviews (M=14.02), with a notable increase in the amount of relevant information provided in the tele-FI condition. Age did not affect interview outcomes. This study provides further evidence for tele-FI as a viable alternative to face-to-face interviews and offers the first exploration of the GME in tele-FI. Discussion focuses on the benefits of tele-FI and the implications for police interview guidelines.
Empowering Patients through Technology: Enhancing Health Literacy and Self-Management in Chronic Conditions
Authors: Tera Terry , Kelvin Kelly , Tobiloba Bamigboye
Published: March 2024

Chronic conditions pose significant challenges to both patients and healthcare systemsworldwide. In response, there is a growing interest in leveraging technology to empowerpatients with knowledge and skills necessary for effective self-management. This studyinvestigates the effectiveness of two distinct technological interventions aimed atenhancing health literacy and self-management among patients with chronicconditions.The first intervention focuses on improving patient knowledge regarding therational use of antibiotics through educational videos. Antibiotic resistance is a pressingglobal health concern exacerbated by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Addressingthis issue requires not only changes in clinical practices but also informed decision- making by patients. Educational videos have emerged as a promising tool for deliveringhealth information in an accessible and engaging format. This study evaluates the impactof educational videos on patient knowledge and behavior related to antibiotic use, aiming to promote responsible antibiotic stewardship among patients. The second intervention explores the use of a mobile app-assisted self-managementeducational intervention to enhance asthma control among young patients. Asthma is acommon chronic respiratory condition characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. Despite the availability of effectivetreatments, achieving optimal asthma control remains a challenge for many patients, particularly young individuals. Mobile apps offer a convenient platform for deliveringpersonalized education, monitoring symptoms, and facilitating communication betweenpatients and healthcare providers. This study assesses the effectiveness of a mobile app- assisted self-management intervention in improving asthma control as measured by theAsthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaire. By evaluating these technological interventions, this study aims to contribute to thegrowing body of evidence on the role of technology in chronic disease management. Thefindings have implications for healthcare providers, policymakers, and technologydevelopers seeking innovative solutions to enhance patient engagement, health literacy, and self-management skills. Ultimately, the successful integration of technology intohealthcare strategies holds the potential to empower patients, improve treatmentadherence, and optimize health outcomes in the context of chronic conditions.
Comparing Apples and Oranges: Are Children and Adults Two Different Species?
Authors: Brandstätter Veronika , Daum Moritz M. , Freund Alexandra M. , Maercker Andreas , Martin Mike , Scholz Urte , Shanahan Lilly
Published: March 2024

With this article, we address some of the theoretical and methodological issues faced when attempting to take a developmental approach to understand a psychological phenomenon that encompasses the entire lifespan, that is, from birth to old age. Most prominent among these issues is the challenge of defining and operationalizing a psychological construct valid for the entire lifespan. This entails both the questions of measurement equivalence and continuity and change in the theoretical meaning of a construct. We discuss six different psychological constructs from this perspective. The question that we ask throughout this endeavor is (with a twinkle in our eye) whether adults and young children are members of two different species. From a biological perspective, they are, of course, members of the same species, homo sapiens sapiens. However, the answer might need to be clarified from a cognitive developmental perspective. First, it is difficult to define a construct continuously across the entire lifespan. Hence, the question remains whether constructs such as depression or the self are similar or even the same in early childhood and old age. Second, it is impossible to apply the same measures to assess the constructs across the lifespan. Third, competencies, knowledge, and processing strategies change substantially, particularly from early childhood to later ages. Consequently, it appears that members of the “extreme ends” of the life span, infants and the elderly, seem to be members of “two different species.” However, once we have a theoretical understanding of which less specific measurement is equivalent, we can start to link the data on the construct development. Thus, we are not comparing apples and oranges because we build into the analyses the theoretically justified assumption that a limited set of lifespan developmental principles must and can explain how apples turned into oranges.
Sexual Attractants
Authors: Dixson Barnaby
Published: March 2024

Evolution via sexual selection has driven variation in the evolution of remarkably diverse ornaments. Sexually attractive traits can be visual, olfactory, tactile, and auditory. This contribution discusses sexual attractiveness in visually conspicuous and sexually dimorphic traits, drawing on examples from nonhuman primates in order to understanding how sexual selection has shaped attractive physical attractiveness in humans.
A Value-Based Topography of Climate Change Beliefs and Behaviors
Authors: Karimi-Malekabadi Farzan , Sachdeva Sonya , Dehghani Morteza
Published: March 2024

Existing literature has documented the role of moral values in predicting climate attitudes and actions, but predominantly at the individual level. This approach, though insightful, has two limitations: Firstly, it ignores the region-specific nature of green decision-making in the real world. In reality, green decisions are contingent on a multifarious blend of local factors (e.g., urban planning and state-level regulations) that collectively modulate the expression of one’s moral values into actionable green behaviors. Secondly, climate interventions often target social structures, not individuals, and effective community-targeted interventions require nuanced, community-centric insights. Across two studies, we use advanced Bayesian geospatial modeling to examine how county-level moral values can predict green attitudes and real-world household carbon emissions after controlling for political behavior and important region-specific factors (e.g., temperature and precipitation anomalies, population density). We find that moral norms across 3,102 US counties in 48 states explain a significant portion of the variance in both green attitudes and household carbon emissions. Our results reveal that counties where purity and fairness norms prevail exhibit heightened green concerns and reduced carbon emissions. Conversely, counties with predominant authority norms display diminished green concerns and increased emissions. Moreover, the political leaning of a county is the strongest predictor of green attitudes. However, when it comes to taking carbon footprints, moral values have a greater influence than political affiliations. Our community-level findings have critical implications for the moral psychology of climate change, which can help design region-specific strategies.
The Hungry Lens: Hunger Shifts Attention and Attribute Weighting in Dietary Choice
Authors: March Jennifer , Gluth Sebastian
Published: March 2024

Hunger is a biological drive which can promote unhealthy dietary decisions. Yet, the cognitive mechanisms underlying this effect, and in particular the interactive role of attention and choice processes, remain elusive. To address this gap, we conducted an eye-tracking experiment, in which 70 participants completed a multi-attribute food choice task in hungry and sated states. Confirming our preregistered hypotheses, participants’ preference for tasty over healthy food items was amplified by hunger. Attention mediated this influence of hunger, as hungry participants focused more on tasty options, leading them to make less healthy decisions. Rigorous model comparisons revealed that an extension of the recently proposed multi-attribute attentional drift diffusion model best explained choice and response times. According to this model, hunger did not only increase the relative taste compared to health weight of, but it also increased the fixation-related discounting of health but not taste information. Our results suggest that the cognitive mechanisms underlying unhealthy dietary decisions under hunger are characterized by a nuanced interplay between attention and the significance assigned to the options’ underlying attributes.
Motivational Interviewing in Patients with Acute Psychosis: First Insights from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Panchalingam Janani , Horisberger Rahel , Corda Claudio , Kleisner Nicolas , Krasnoff Julia , Burrer Achim , Spiller Tobias Raphael , Seifritz Erich , Homan Philipp
Published: March 2024

Background and objective: Psychotic disorders are among the top causes of disability world-wide. Guidelines emphasizes the need for research to tailor psychotherapeutic approaches to the acute phase of this illness. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is highly suitable for establishing a therapeutic alliance wherein the patient’s intrinsic motivation can be strengthened to adhere ther-apy and overcome ambivalence towards treatment. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility and impact of a brief intervention with MI for patients with psychosis in an acute psychiatric inpatient setting.Method: This pilot study was conducted as single-centered, randomized control trial (RCT), com-paring a brief intervention with MI and supportive conversations. The sample size included 20 newly admitted inpatients. In both conditions they received two sessions per week. In line with CONSORT guidelines for pilot and feasibility studies, we measured various feasibility outcomes. Additionally, we assessed various clinical outcomes using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), with baseline values used as covariates.Results: The recruitment target (N = 24) was achieved at 83% in a reasonable timeframe (8 months), with a retention rate of 87% and completion rate at 71%. Eligibility rate (82 %) was high, while the consent rate (48%) was moderate and dropout rate 13% was low as well as the missing data (0.3%). With regard to the clinical outcomes, a group difference was found for the severity of psychotic symptoms, with an advantage for the MI intervention (b = -12.0, 95% CI: [-18.7, -5.2], p < 0.01), although this must be interpreted with caution in view of the small sample.Conclusion: The study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of conducting a clinical trial with MI for patients with psychosis in an acute inpatient psychiatric facility. MI has also demon-strated potential for greater benefits compared to supportive conversations, particularly in ad-dressing the severity of psychotic symptoms. Nevertheless, to obtain more definitive conclusions regarding efficacy, a larger-scale study is planned based on these promising results.
Between the lines - How do UK news media outlets report on Black homicide victims in London?
Authors: Olajide Patrick
Published: March 2024

This research explored how UK news media outlets report on homicides in London, by analysing 100 articles published by press, media and public reporting outlets across 2022/23. It aimed to understand how news media outlets report on homicide victims in London and if/how reporting differs for victims who are Black. The findings from this research suggest that ethnicity is a key factor in how homicides in London are reported on by news media outlets.
Gender and Support for Undemocratic Politicians
Authors: Christensen Henrik Serup , Hansen Michael A. , Saikkonen Inga
Published: March 2024

Several studies have examined whether attitudinal factors make people morewilling to acceptpolitical elites violating basic democratic norms. However, the role of more basic sociodemographiccharacteristics such as gender remains underexplored. This may be a mistake since studies suggeststhat these influence the evaluation of democratic transgressions. We focus on the role of gender inthe evaluations of democratic transgressions and reexamine data from two conjoint experimentsconducted in Finland. We examine whether the gender of the politician violating the democraticnorms matters; whether the gender of the person judging the democratic violations matters, andwhether it matters when both the candidate and the respondent are of the same gender matter forthe evaluation of the democratic violation. Our results indicate that g ender plays at best a limitedrole, since we find no evidence that candidate gender or the gender of the respondent matters forthe evaluations.
Biodiversity finance as a technology of power: Discourses of innovation and regulation in an Australian case study
Authors: Anantharajah Kirsty , Evans Megan C
Published: March 2024

Neoliberal conservation is enjoying its latest zenith in the form of ‘biodiversity finance’. The endurance of neoliberal conservation is rooted in often unseen negotiations of knowledge and power; hence it is crucial to understand how material futures are being shaped by discourse. Analysis of interviews with biodiversity finance professionals in Australia revealed novel discursive mechanisms centred on innovation and regulation. Commodification of nature is seen as impossible, but inevitable – with tradeable biodiversity units being the primary object of innovation. The complexity of biodiversity markets elevates the power of the “innovators”, whose expert knowledge and elite networks reshape the material world. These discourses risk entrenching biodiversity loss, particularly for threatened components, and further subordinating the role of government. The data also revealed fear, risk and the Taskforce for Nature-related Financial Disclosures as potential loci for disruption – highlighting one of several opportunities to chart materially better pathways for biodiversity.
Algorithmic chains of translation: predictive policing and the need for team-based ethnography
Authors: Egbert Simon , Heimstädt Maximilian
Published: March 2024

For several years crime prediction software has been increasingly used by police departments throughout the world with the aim of establishing predictive policing, in the hopes of being able to predict possible future offenses, in order to prevent them. Predictive policing is a topical example of how security authorities ‘defuturize’ the future by generating future-related knowledge via sociotechnical means. However, these technologies do not merely generate anticipative insights about the future, but also shape it through their interventions in the present. Grounded on ethnographic insights on the implementation of predictive policing in Germany and Switzerland, this chapter addresses predictive policing as a sociotechnical process of producing and shaping crime-related futures.
Unarmed Violence, Police Perspectives, Community Struggle: Black- and White-centric news accounts of Black Protests about Policing in the U.S. 1994-2010
Authors: Oliver Pamela Elaine , Gaede Erin , Milewski Anna O. , Lim Chaeyoon
Published: March 2024

Perceptions of Black protest movements by both the public and most academics are filtered through White-centric news sources that tend to associate Black people and Black protests with violence and downplay systemic inequality. Intentionally centering Black perspectives provides an important balance and corrective to mainstream distortions. Using a much wider range of original data than any study addressing comparable issues, this paper compares mainstream White-centric newswire and Black newspaper coverage of Black protests about policing between 1994 and 2010 using several different quantitative measures: whether an event was covered at all, the volume of coverage an event received, and the prevalence of significant keywords in stories about a given protest episode. All approaches show the mainstream newswires much more focused on Black violence and on official and police perspectives, as well as exhibiting more concentration of their attention on fewer episodes in media cascades. Black newspapers not only covered a more diverse array of episodes but gave more attention to systemic issues, Black perspectives and Black community organizing. The data show how markedly different collective memories of policing and protests about policing have been constructed in different news sources. These differences matter both for current politics and academic research about Black movements. Note: This is a working paper in process. Comments welcome. Please check with the authors for an updated version if you are citing after June 2024.
A critical review of church interpreting research
Authors: Downie Jonathan
Published: March 2024

This article presents a critical review of literature on church interpreting, also called interpreting in church and sermon interpreting, and introduces the public Bibliography of Interpreting in Christian Settings. The review argues that this literature can be usefully organised into three separate approaches: publications aimed at practitioners, descriptive research, and prescriptive research. These approaches each presuppose a different relationship between interpreting and practice and between the researcher and the object of study and thus show distinct trajectories. Publications aimed at practitioners were developed as a tool for educating interpreters and later turned to empirical investigations. Descriptive research was developed from historical research on interpreting in Judaism and from two studies on the relationship between church interpreting and its contexts. Prescriptive research seeks to professionalise church interpreting, mostly through locating errors or challenges in interpreter output. This difference in research focus has led to a mix of methods and foci, from an autoethnography of interpreting to international surveys. It is argued that the separation of these approaches now impedes research progress. The article ends with a suggestion of how to synthesise these approaches, taking into account the social, spiritual, and personal nature of church interpreting.
An Analysis of Drop-outs in Higher Education in Nepal: A Case Study of Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Tribhuvan University
Authors: Dahal M. K.
Published: March 2024

Not Available.
Problems of Cooperative Management in Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Bhuban Bajra
Published: March 2024

Not Available.
Morphometric Assessment of Sellar Turcica: Tertiary Neurocenter study from Nepal.
Authors: Bishokarma Suresh , Dahal Mohit Raj , Adhikari Nawaraj , Bhusal Suraj , Parajuli Shamin , Gurung Suraj , Rai Shiwani , Chowhan Rushel , Shrestha Sunita , Thulung Suraj
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The sella turcica (ST) is a vital structure located in the median position within the middle cranial fossa and is frequently utilized in cephalometric for assessing craniofacial features. However, there is limited literature available regarding cephalometry of the ST in Nepal. Consequently, this study aimed to establish the normal dimensions of the ST in the Nepalese population and explore the potential difference in radio-morphometric measurement among sexes.
Materials & Methods: This study encompassed a descriptive, cross-sectional chart review conducted at the Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences over a three-month period. Morphometric assessment of the ST was performed using computed tomography scans. A single radiologist employed an EV Insite DICOM viewer to measure and record the length, depth, and antero-posterior diameter of the ST. Independent-Samples t-test was employed to compare the means between sexes, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Among the 385 cases analyzed, 199 were male (51.8%) and 185 were female (48.2%), resulting in a male-to-female ratio of 1.07:1. The age range of the patients was 20 to 87 years, with a mean age of 44.5 ± 18.5 years. The mean dimensions of the sella turcica were determined as 9.32 mm for length, 7.07 mm for depth, and 10.29 mm for the antero-posterior diameter.
Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the ST dimensions in the Nepalese population are relatively smaller compared to those reported in various other countries. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were observed in ST dimensions between males and females within the Nepalese population. These results emphasize the importance of considering populationspecific variations when utilizing cephalometric measurements and provide valuable reference standards for future studies and accurate assessment of craniofacial morphology in the Nepalese population.