bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN APPROACH TO THE ‘proKNIT’ SYSTEM AND ITS VALUE IN THE PRODUCTION OF WEFT-KNITTED FABRICS
Authors: Gravas Efthymios , Kiekens Paul , Van Langenhove Lieva
Published: December 2023

‘ProKNIT’ is the result of a project based on the consideration that knitted fabrics shrink in both directions, or that some of them shrink in one direction but expand in another. This shrinkage and extension is not proportional; it varies greatly depending on the type of knitted fabric. However, one value that always changes by increasing upon fabric shrinkage is the fabric’s weight. Increases in weight from shrinkage will not only increase the cost of production but may also affect the final product in a number of ways. Therefore, a program that would help to avoid problems of this nature could be created which would predict the weight of the knitted fabrics in different relaxed conditions, by using appropriate variables such as knitting machine gauge, yarn count, type of fabric, fabric loop length, tightness factor and courses & wales per unit length, but would not be too difficult to operate. This is how ‘proKNIT’ came about. The first part of the word ‘pro’ derives from the Greek meaning ‘before’; therefore, the name of the system appropriately refers to the estimations made before a knitting fabric is produced.
ACOUSTIC UNDERLAY MANUFACTURED FROM CARPET TILE WASTES
Authors: Miraftab Mohsen , Rushforth Ian , Horoshenkov Kirill
Published: December 2023

Carpet waste has successfully been converted into acoustic underlay materials that compete with commercial counterparts both in terms of performance and costs. This paper builds on an earlier paper [Miraftab et al, Autex Res.J.5(2), 96-105 (2005).] where granular/fibre mixing ratios, binder concentration and particle size distribution were shown to play a major role in maximising impact sound insulation capabilities of developed underlays. Product optimisation with respect to the particle size as governed by the aperture dimension and mean effective fibre length is further explored in this paper, and the developed underlay is compared with a selection of commercially available acoustic underlays. The results show that a 2mm-aperture screen at the granulating chamber output yields a waste stream with grains in the size range of 0.5-1.0mm and a mean effective fibre length of 2.75 mm which was most suitable to work with, and gave rise to samples with the best impact sound reduction performance. The optimised sample of 10mm recycled underlay (U2) appeared to perform better than most commercial systems tested. The manufactured underlay withstood, and in some instances, outperformed, during the standard tests as required within the BS 5808 protocol. The study concludes that recycling carpet waste to produce quality acoustic underlay with desirable impact sound insulation characteristics is technically feasible, and a viable alternative to landfill or incineration.
ANIONICALLY-MODIFIED COTTON AND SURFACE LAYER FORMATION WITH POLYELECTROLYTES
Authors: El-Shafei Amira , Knittel Dierk , Schollmeyer E.
Published: December 2023

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble cellulose derivative widely used in textile preparations, especially for the application of sizes, which are removed shortly after the weaving process. In this paper, a strategy is given for using CMC as an anionical polymeric modifier of cotton surfaces with permanent character-imparting stable properties, such as after cationic dyeing, durable press properties and polyelectrolyte layer formation, without the use of dangerous chemicals like chloroacetic acid or salts. Thus CMC was fixed onto cotton by using CMC and Na-hydroxydichlorotriazine as an anchoring chemical. The fabric samples before and after finishing were monitored for polyelectrolyte titration values, wet and dry crease recovery angle, and K/S values after fixation of cationic dyestuff.
COMFORT AND HANDLE BEHAVIOUR OF LINEN-BLENDED FABRICS
Authors: Behera B. K.
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Few can dispute the tremendous values of linen, which is one of nature’s greatest
treasures. Linen is a longer-staple category, and as such the fibre is spun on a long-fibre
spinning system. Due to the coarseness and stiffness of the fibre, linen fabrics are
subjected to a strong bleaching action to reduce the stiffness of the fabric. Linen is also
blended with other compatible natural and manmade fibres to achieve various structural
and functional properties, and also to reduce costs. Fabrics produced from 100% linen
and their blends with cotton and viscose have been studied for handle and comfort
properties. Linen fabrics produce excellent aesthetic and drape properties. Linen fabrics
are found to be tougher than cotton and other blends. However, linen offers the highest
tensile resilience and the lowest friction coefficient under low stress-loading conditions.
Linen fabric produces superior primary hand with respect to Fukurami and Shari. The
total hand value (THV) of processed linen fabric is higher than that of cotton fabric as a
summer wear. The blending of viscose and cotton improves the hand value of linen
fabric.
MOISTURE TRANSMISSION THROUGH TEXTILES
Authors: Das Brojeswari , Das A. , Kothari V. K. , Fanguiero R. , Araújo M. de
Published: December 2023

Moisture transmission through textiles has a great influence on the thermo-physiological comfort of the human body which is maintained by perspiring both in vapour and liquid form. The clothing to be worn should allow this perspiration to be transferred to the atmosphere in order to maintaining the thermal balance of the body. Diffusion, absorption-desorption and convection of vapour perspiration along with wetting and wicking of liquid perspiration play a significant role in maintaining thermo-physiological comfort. The scientific understanding of the processes involved in moisture transmission through textiles and the factors affecting these processes are important to designing fabrics and clothing assemblies with efficient moisture transfer in different environment and workload conditions. This paper is in two parts. Part I focuses on the moisture transmission through textile materials and it discusses the processes involved in moisture transmission and the key influencing factors at play to maintaining comfort. It is underlined that the processes which play the major role in moisture transmission in a particular situation are dependant on the moisture content of the fabric, the type of material used, the perspiration rate and the atmospheric conditions, such as humidity, temperature and wind speed. Part II is concerned with the selection of the measurement techniques which are of great importance in determining fabric factors that influence comfort. The instruments and methods used for testing purposes should adequately simulate the exact conditions for which the fabric will be used, in order to determine the effectiveness of that fabric for a particular wearing situation and environmental condition. The testing methods used and the apparatus developed by different researchers for determining moisture transmission through textiles by different mechanisms are discussed in this paper. Moreover, this part of the paper deals with the mathematical models of liquid and vapour transport through textile materials developed by several scientists in order to understand the exact phenomena involved and to predict the factors affecting the transmission under a particular condition. When designing the comfort of a clothing product for a particular application, the requirements may result from needs concerning the application, the individual wearer and the environmental conditions.
MICROFIBRES, MICROFILAMENTS & THEIR APPLICATIONS
Authors: Purane Sandip V. , Panigrahi Narsingh R.
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This article is a review which concerns microfibres, their classification, manufacturing
methods, different fibre forms, general properties, as well as their various applications. A
brief attitude related to economical problems and future prospects is presented.
EVALUATING THE TOXICITY OF REACTIVE DYES AND DYED FABRICS WITH THE HEPA-1 CYTOTOXICITY TEST
Authors: Klemola Kaisa , Pearson John , Wright Atte von , Liesivuori Jyrki , Lindström-Seppä Pirjo
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We investigated the cytotoxicity of reactive dyes and dyed fabrics using an in vitro hepa-1
cytotoxicity test. Hepa-1-mouse cells were exposed to three monochlortriazinyl dyes:
yellow, red and blue with different concentrations. The hepa-1-mouse cells were also
exposed to water extracts of dyed fabrics. After 72 hours exposure, the viability of the
cells was detected by measuring the protein content of the cells. The mean inhibitory
concentration IC50, which shows the sample concentration when the protein content is
50%, was compared to the total protein content of the non-exposed cells. The inhibitory
concentration IC20 value, which shows the sample concentration when the protein
content is 80%, was also measured. The IC20 value shows the limiting value of low
toxicity. The values measured showed high toxic effects of the dyes. The blue dye was
shown to be the most toxic, although the red dye showed toxicity at the lowest
concentrations. Wheras the pure dyes showed toxicity under low concentrations, the
dyed fabrics showed no toxicity. The hepa-1 cytotoxicity test and the spermatozoa motility
inhibition test supported each other, giving similar results. Both tests can be used when
studying the toxicity of textile substances.
THE IMPACT OF NEW SPINNING TECHNOLOGIES ON THE EGYPTIAN COTTONS
Authors: El-Sayed Mohamed A. M. , Sanad Suzan H.
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The yarns spun on the compact spinning system are characterized by higher tenacity,
higher elongation at break, smaller mass irregularity measured at short segments, and
significantly lower hairiness in comparison with yarns spun on the conventional ring
spinning frame. For the Long Staple Egyptian cotton varieties, the breaking force or
single yarn strength of the compact yarn (with a nominal linear density of 15tex spun from
Long-Staple cottons) was 17.63% higher than the conventional ring spun yarn, while for
the Extra-fine carded yarns spun from Extra-Long Staple varieties (it was around 7.0%).
This means that, the compact spinning system is more useful for Long Staple cottons and
coarse and medium counts than for the Extra Long Staple cottons and finer counts.
EVALUATION OF THE WEAVABILITY OF SIZED COTTON WARPS
Authors: Maatoug Samah , Ladhari Néji , Sakli Faouzi
Published: December 2023

Abstract

In weaving, a warp must withstand repeated stretching, caused by shedding and beat-up.
It is also subjected to abrasion, which is mainly due to shedding and reed motion. The
yarns are therefore sized. Two important reasons for applying sizes to spun warp yarns
are to protect them breaking during weaving and to decrease their hairyness so that the
tendency for adjacent warp yarns to entangle will be reduced.
In this work, we investigated the weaving performance and physical properties of cotton
yarn sized at high pressure squeezing. We studied the size penetration, film properties,
and the yarn packing density in order to explain the performance of sized yarn.
TENSILE AND TEARING PROPERTIES OF BI-AXIAL WARP KNITTED COATED FABRICS
Authors: Luo Yixi , Hong Hu , Fangueiro Raul
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Based on uni-axial tensile testing, the performances of bi-axial warp knitted PET/PVC flexible composites has
been analyzed in seven in-plane directions, i.e., 0°,15°,30°,45°,60°,75° and 90°. The crack propagation of each
sample has been observed and analyzed by evaluating the influence of the crack length and direction under
uni-axial testing. The results show that bi-axial warp knitted coated fabrics present a strong orthotropic behavior
and that the tearing strength depends on the initial crack orientation and length. Regardless of the crack length
and orientation, the propagation is always perpendicular to the tensile loading direction.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE WEAVE AND THE METHOD OF STITCHING ON SELECTED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN DOUBLE FABRICS
Authors: Dubrovski Polona D. , Elnashar Elsayed A.
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This paper reports the influence of the weave and the method of stitching on the mechanical properties of double
woven fabrics. Double fabrics have a more complex construction, which is altered not only by type of weave,
yarn fineness, and thread density in comparison with single fabrics, but also by the method of stitching. The
main goal of our research was to find out if the type of weave and method of stitching have a statistically important
effect on selected mechanical properties of woven double fabrics, such as breaking strength, breaking
elongation, tearing strength, wrinkle recovery and fabric stiffness, in order to extend the knowledge of double
fabric construction. The testing samples were made from 100% cotton fabrics.
KNITTED FABRICS PICTURES COMPUTER ANALYSIS IN THE 3D SYSTEM
Authors: Pinar A. , Kopias K.
Published: December 2023

The paper shows the new method of measurement of yarn length in loop which was developed regarding computer analysis of knitted fabrics pictures on the base of real axis loom path described by co-ordinates in coordinate system XYZ. The measurements of the three-dimensional yarn length in loop were realized in specially developed computer program "The three-dimensional analysis of the loop's picture" that also gives the possibilities of graphic presentation of real shape indicated axis loom path in rectangular coordinate system XY, XZ, YZ. There is shown the characteristic of developed research place that enables the realization of measurements in compute program in 3D system on the base of registered knitted fabrics pictures in particular measurement surfaces. It was also indicated that developed method of measurement of three-dimensional yarn length in loop regarding computer analysis of knitted fabrics pictures is characterized by high precision and gives results closer to experimental values than results gets by using theoretical methods.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: REUSABLE DIAPER
Authors: Zwane Pinkie E.
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Product development is usually a response to an existing problem in a product, or it is identifying users' needs
in order to ameliorate the living conditions of people or to enhance life in general. Some patients with certain
ailments and geriatrics in general usually have an incontinence problem. Disposable products are available at
relatively expensive price and not easily available for certain people or for financially marginalized people, and
yet there is need for these products. This research was done to develop an affordable, re-usable product for
adults who have an incontinence challenge. Terry cloth was used as an absorbent fabric for the future product
and three water repellent fabrics were tested for water repellency and bleaching, prior to designing and evaluating
the product. All three fabrics were water repellent and only one was resistant to chlorine bleach used in the
development of this product. The chlorine resistant fabric was used in constructing the adult washable nappy.
When the prototype was evaluated from user trials, it received approval when used with durable laundry gloves
and machine washed. Generally, the design was approved for use by individuals with an incontinence problem
and thus recommended for public use.
A SIMPLE SYSTEM FOR THE ONLINE DETECTION OF SKIP/LOOP STITCHES IN SINGLE NEEDLE LOCKSTITCH SEWING MACHINES
Authors: Wesley D. Samuel , V. Poojitha
Published: December 2023

Abstract

In single needle lockstitch sewing machines, the needle thread consumption of 10 normal stitches for a fabric
with a particular number of layers at a particular stitches per unit length is manually measured kept as a
reference value. If the value of needle thread consumed per stitch is very small, the length of thread consumed
per 10 stitches is used as a comparing value. The actual thread consumed for every 10 stitches is measured
online by a rotary optical encoder sensor by converting the angular movement into the linear movement of the
thread and continually compared with the reference value. If the online measured length is more or less a
buzzer sounds to indicate the variation. The counting of every stitch formed is undertaken by a proximity sensor
by sensing the protrusion in the hand wheel of the machine, which rotates once for every rotation.
HEAT TRANSFER IN THIN POROUS FIBROUS MATERIAL: MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION USING ACTIVE THERMOGRAPHY
Authors: Banerjee Debasish , Zhao Shulei , Schabel Samuel
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This paper deals with the modelling of the heat transfer process in a thin porous fibrous material such as a paper
sheet when it is subjected to an incident heat flux introduced by a laser beam. A mathematical model based on
the control volume principle is developed for numerical estimation of radial temperature distribution which is
validated experimentally by infrared thermography. Here the heat flux is introduced by a CO2 laser beam of 10.6
μm wavelength and an infrared image sequence is recorded as a function of time with a high resolution infrared
camera. The preliminary validation results indicate that the simulation model can predict the transient
development of sheet temperature very accurately under the specified heating conditions. The model can
enhance our understanding and insights of the heat transfer process in such media, which is of great interest for
many drying and thermal applications. Though the application shown here is on a 0.1 mm thick paper sheet, the
model can be extended to any thin porous fibrous media such as textiles and nonwovens.
COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATIONS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT ANCHORING CHEMICALS FOR THE PERMANENT FINISHING OF COTTON WITH CHITOSAN
Authors: Sharaf Samar , Opwis Klaus , Knittel Dierk , Gutmann Jochen S.
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Comparative studies on the efficiency of anchor molecules for the finishing of cotton with chitosan are presented.
Four different anchors were used: cyanuric chloride (CNC), butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA),
glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and sodium hydroxydichlorotriazine (Na-HDCT). Two types of
chitosan with different molecular weights were used. The type of anchor used for fixation of chitosan on cotton
fabric had a distinct effect on the antimicrobial efficiency of chitosan. By using increasing the concentration of
anchor chemicals, the ability of chitosan to inhibit the growth of bacteria increased. Using GPTMS as an anchor
for chitosan improved the ion binding capacity for Cu2+-ions more than other anchors. The highest colour
strength was achieved when using a low amount of anchors from the chlorotriazine system (up to K/S 3.3),
whereas carboxylic or trialkoxysilane anchors at the same ratio of anchoring chemical to glucose units achieved
comparatively low K/S values. The polyelectrolyte values of treated cotton fabric were also measured. SEM was
used to investigate the surface morphology of the treated cotton fabric samples.
The contextual interplay between advertising and online disinformation: How brands suffer from and amplify deceptive content
Authors: Zarouali Brahim
Published: December 2023

The proliferation of online disinformation has become of major societal concern. Because of online programmatic algorithms, brands may find their ads running on disinformation websites alongside disinformation. In this experimental study (N = 617), we investigate people’s brand-related and news-related responses in this context. Results show that when an advertised brand is displayed on the same webpage as a disinformation article, brand attitude and brand trust are negatively affected; this effect is even more pronounced when the brand is thematically congruent with the disinformation article. This suggests that brands (especially congruent ones) might be contaminated by disinformation. In addition, presenting an ad alongside a disinformation article increases the credibility of the article, as well as people’s level of agreement with the article’s content. This seems to suggest that advertising can lend validity to disinformation and amplify its (harmful) effects. These results have important and timely managerial and societal implications.
Dreamers, Queer Kids, and American Culture Wars: Centering Young People in Identity Politics
Authors: Gash Alison , Tichenor Daniel
Published: December 2023

Children routinely sit at the center of American culture wars, as parents, officials, and other adults battle over what kids learn in the classroom, which bathrooms they can use, whether they must wear masks or get vaccines, what sports teams they can join, and which schools they can attend. In Democracy’s Child, we describe the crucial reciprocal relationship that exists between children and politics: young people are constituted by their political environs, but liberal democratic politics in turn are shaped and influenced by their young constituents. In this article we ask: what happens when the youngest voices in the most contentious policy battles take the reins – with a specific focus on youth leaders who are challenged by multiple identity-based structural barriers. We train a spotlight on how two youth-led movements – gay straight or gender-sexuality alliances (GSAs) and Dreamers – influenced the rights of LGBTQIA+ people and immigrants amidst opposition from adult adversaries and allies.
Investigation for size and location of electric vehicle charging station accompanying VRP index and commissioning cost
Authors: Sharma Sachin , Kaur Damanjeet , Saxena Nitin Kumar
Published: December 2023

The world population is growing with more understanding of technical and social changes. Limited energy reserves and exponential demand growth have created a serious concern in all sectors including automobile sector. Electric vehicles (EVs) develop better means of transportation as it suppress to the adverse effects in using conventional ways of transportation. Among all the energy requirements, the automobile sector demands almost 21 %. It is a matter of concern because of limited energy reserves. Concerning all the adverse effects of using conventional ways of transportation, scientists and engineers are working on electric vehicles. Intensive research has been going on for decades to make electric vehicles a substitute for conventional transportation systems with the same reliability. The merit for EV charging infrastructure is an indispensable metric that plays a pivotal role in assessing the efficacy and progress of electric vehicle charging networks. This metric encompasses a range of critical factors, including the density and geographical distribution of charging stations, the charging speed and capacity, the utilization rates, the availability of alternative charging options (e.g., fast charging, slow charging), and the integration of optimization technologies for optimal energy management. Apart from technical advancements, the researchers are working on the challenges related to their mass adoption in current distribution system. For large-scale deployment of EVs, reliable and sustainable charging infrastructure needs to be developed. But the charging station placement problem is a complex problem. Charging stations must be placed in the distribution network in such a way that the negative impacts of the placement of charging stations on the operating parameters of the distribution network are minimal. The various aspects to gain deeper insights into the strengths and weaknesses of existing charging infrastructure, and to propose innovative solutions for further enhancing the efficiency, accessibility, and sustainability of EV charging networks. The location of the charging station is important and must consider the effect of EV charging demand at existing system with overall charging station placement cost. Therefore, the Voltage Reliability Power loss (VRP) Index (that integrates effect of important parameters such as voltage variation, reliability, and power loss) using Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) is minimized including overall charging station cost as an important constraint for this proposed algorithm. This overall charging station cost includes land cost, installation cost, and energy demand cost by electric vehicles. The results are compared with new discrete versions of different PSO techniques, namely, Standard-Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (S-DPSO) and Passive Congregation Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (PC-DPSO) optimization techniques.
Gender-related differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress among prepubertal children with obesity
Authors: Godinho Nelson , Morato Manuela , Albino-Teixeira António , Caldas Afonso Alberto , Sousa Teresa , Correia-Costa Liane
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Gender-related differences in oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability, and cardiometabolic risk factors were examined in a cross-sectional study involving 313 prepubertal children (8–9 years old) from the generation XXI birth-cohort.

Methods

Anthropometric measurements, cardiometabolic variables, and redox markers were assessed, including plasma and urinary isoprostanes (P-Isop, U-Isop), plasma total antioxidant status (P-TAS), serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), plasma and urinary nitrates and nitrites (P-NOX, U-NOX), and urinary hydrogen peroxide (U-H2O2).

Results

Girls showed higher levels of total/non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared to boys. Notably, U-H2O2 values were lower in girls. When stratifying by body mass index (BMI) and gender, both girls and boys exhibited higher MPO concentration and U-Isop values. Uric acid concentration was higher in overweight and obese girls than in normal weight girls, while no significant differences were observed among boys across BMI categories. Furthermore, U-NOX values differed only in boys, with higher levels observed in overweight and obese individuals compared to those with normal weight. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and BMI z-score, demonstrated inverse associations between U-H2O2 and pulse wave velocity values, as well as between U-NOX and total or non-HDL cholesterol, exclusively in boys. In girls, a positive association between U-Isop and HOMA-IR values was observed.

Conclusions

In conclusion, gender differentially impacts oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability, and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children. Prepubertal girls appear more susceptible to oxidative stress-induced metabolic dysfunction, while in boys, elevated levels of redox and nitric oxide bioavailability markers seem to provide protection against arterial stiffness and lipid homeostasis.
New insights into the prevention of ureteral stents encrustation
Authors: Guo Hao , Yuan Jun-Bin
Published: December 2023

Ureteral stents are commonly used medical devices for the treatment of urinary system diseases. However, while providing benefits to patients, they often give rise to various issues, with stent encrustation being a major concern for clinical physicians. This phenomenon involves the formation of attached stones on the stent’s surface, leading to potential complications such as increased fragility and laxity of the ureter, difficulties in stent removal, and a higher risk of stent fracture. Therefore, this review starts from the pathological mechanisms of stone formation and discusses in detail the two major mechanisms of stent encrustation: the conditioning film and the biofilm pathway. It also examines multiple risk factors associated with ureteral stents and patients. Furthermore, the review updates the research progress on the structure, materials, and bio-coatings of ureteral stents in the prevention and treatment of stent encrustation. It presents new insights into the prevention and treatment of stent encrustation. This includes individualized and comprehensive clinical guidance, the use of novel materials, and early intervention based on physiological and pathological considerations. Ultimately, the study offers an encompassing overview of the advancements in research within this field and provides the latest insights into strategies for preventing and treating stent encrustation.
DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PICKLED VINE (Vitis vinifera L.) LEAVES BY A VALIDATED LC-MS/MS METHOD
Authors: ZORLU ÜNLÜ Tuba , TOPUZ Semra , BAYRAM Mustafa , BALKAN Tarık , KAYA Cemal
Published: December 2023

Pesticides are chemicals used to combat insects, rodents, fungi and weeds, which are agricultural pests. In this study, it was aimed to determine pesticide residues of the pickled vine leaves produced by industrial and traditional methods from Narince variety grown in Tokat. The amounts of pesticides in the pickled vine leaves were determined by the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method. As a result of pesticide analysis performed on pickled vine leaves, 13 different pesticide active ingredients were determined and 8 pesticides were found to be above the maximum residue limit (MRL) value. While, the highest substance amounts according to MRL values were cyhalothrin, pyraclostrobin, cypermethrin, boscalid, the most detected pesticide active ingredients were ethiofencarb, isocarbofos, cyhalothrin, respectively. As a consequence of the investigation, it was found that detected some pesticide residue amounts from pickled vine leaves were at a level that would pose a health risk.
Oxidative and ER stress by elevated insulin biosynthesis and palmitic acid in insulin-producing cells
Authors: Vidrio-Huerta Brenda , Plötz Thomas , Lortz Stephan
Published: December 2023

The early phase of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by insulin resistance, which can initially be compensated by elevated insulin secretion. However, as postulated by the workload hypothesis, over time harming insulin requirements contribute to β-cell dysfunction and death. The mechanisms behind this transition are complex and not fully understood but involve factors such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress raised by gluco/lipotoxicity. To investigate the effect of excessive insulin folding on ER luminal H2O2 generation, ER stress and viability, insulin was expressed glucose-independently by a doxycycline-regulated Tet-On system in insulin-producing RINm5F cells. Additionally, the effect of palmitic acid (PA) as a subsidiary T2DM-associated factor was examined in this model system. Elevated insulin expression increased ER luminal H2O2 concentration quantified by the fluorescent sensor protein TriPer and reduced viability, but did not activate apoptosis. However, when combined with PA, insulin expression resulted in a significant increase in ER stress and apoptosis. Expression of ER-localised catalase verified the specificity of the applied H2O2 detection method without attenuating ER stress, caspase activation or viability loss. These findings suggest that hyperinsulinism alone can cause increased ER luminal H2O2 generation, mild ER stress and reduced viability, while hyperinsulinism in combination with PA accelerates these processes and triggers apoptosis. The inability of ER catalase to counteract these effects suggests that further damaging factors besides H2O2 are involved in cell dysfunction. Finally, reducing the high insulin demand in the initial phase of T2DM may be crucial in preventing further β-cell damage caused by gluco/lipotoxicity.
El texto como polifonía
Authors: Blanco Mayor José Manuel
Published: December 2023

Traducir representa el anhelo primario del hombre de reivindicar la diferencia y, a la vez, tender puentes hacia la alteridad. Ahora bien ¿qué ocurre, cuando lo otro ‒el texto fuente‒ es, a su vez, punto de confluencia de otras alteridades, cuando lo otro se presenta como realidad coral que desestabiliza cualquier intento de transferencia reductiva, normalizadora, monológica?Como ejemplo de un texto que destaca por su naturaleza dialógica (en el sentido bajtiniano del término), nos serviremos de un breve pasaje procedente de El amante bilingüe (1991) de Juan Marsé para abordar los modos de representación, asimilación y transferencia de la diferencia cultural a través de la traducción. Más allá del examen meramente lingüístico o estilístico, el interés en la exploración del dialogismo reside en que la coexistencia e interferencia de diversas voces refleja una colisión (ética, estética, política, …).Trataremos de indagar los desafíos a los que se enfrenta la traducción a la hora de abordar la dificultad que conlleva no solo el detectar la presencia de las estrategias del dialogismo y de definir sus dimensiones semióticas, sino también el verter las voces y estilos ajenos presentes en el texto fuente a la lengua de destino. Nuestras reflexiones no solo corroborarán el papel de la traducción como vehículo de transferencia y transformación cultural, sino que nos obligarán a reconsiderar los límites y matices de la oposición identidad vs. diferencia ‒tanto lingüística como cultural.
Modern Technologies for Coal Bed Methane Production in China: Trends and Development Prospects
Authors: Zhang Yanjie , Kolesnik Yuliya
Published: December 2023

Coalbed methane (CBM) is a new clean and unconventional energy that has broad space for development. There are many coal deposits in China where methane is present, especially in the landfills of medium and low grades of coal. In the country, significant attention will be paid to the development of coalbed methane resources in light of the carbon doubling policy. The gas from these reservoirs has the advantages of high calorific value when burned, cleanliness and no pollution to the environment. In the presence of rich reserves of these sources of raw materials, due to late development of their industrial extraction, the complexity of operation and low profitability of this business, exploration and exploitation have lagged far behind. There are also a number of technical problems (issues of methane distribution in coal seams, determination of their recoverable part, assessment of the permeability of coal seams) that need to be addressed in the processes of applying technologies and organizing production processes and using promising, effective methods of methane extraction in China. Accordingly, the research is focused on the development of CBM operation technologies, discussion and analysis of problems, and trends in their use. The existing technologies of methane extraction from coal seams have been identified and evaluated, including from the point of view of economic feasibility, the problems of their application and further development have been identified, as well as solutions to the identified problems and directions for improving coal development technologies have been proposed.
Educação ambiental na escola: ações inadequadas do homem sobre o meio ambiente e suas consequências
Authors: Rossi Mayara , Oliveira Vanusa Maria de , Mello Geison Jader , Leão Marcelo Franco
Published: December 2023

O presente relato de experiência busca relatar a aplicação de uma SD cujo intuito foi fazer com que os estudantes compreendam os problemas causados ao ambiente devido à ação inadequada do homem. Os participantes foram 27 estudantes dos 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola estadual pública, em Juína-MT. A SD foi aplicada e desenvolvidoa durante o mês de novembro de 2021, com total de 14 horas dividias em 7 encontros de 2 horas. Os estudantes foram avaliados durante todo o processo acreditando-se que a avaliação da aprendizagem deve acontecer em todos os momentos e não somente por meio de provas e avaliações. Entre os principais resultados podemos destacar que os estudantes puderam compreender a definição de cada ação trabalhada em sala de aula (uso excessivo de agrotóxicos, queimadas, desmatamento, consumismo e desperdício de água), assim como suas consequências para o meio ambiente e aos seres vivos. Desse modo, foi possível sensibilizar as crianças para tomarem atitudes conscientes pautadas no senso de responsabilidade e bem comum. Por fim, no que tange a participação e realização das atividades um número significativo de alunos mostraram-se ativos e contribuíram com bons argumentos para as discussões realizadas em sala de aula, e ainda obtiveram acertos maior que 50% no quizz do kahoot com perguntas relacionadas a temática.
DETERMINATION OF YIELD AND SOME QUALITY TRAITS IN HULLED (Hordeum vulgare L.) AND HULL-LESS TWO-ROW BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook f.) GENOTYPES
Authors: AKGÜN İlknur , GÜMÜŞ Tuğçe , ŞENER Aykut
Published: December 2023

In this study; hulled barley (Aydan Hanim and Tosun Pasa), hull-less barley cultivar (Yalin) and lines (INBYT6, INBYT16, INBYT18, ABA7, ABA8) were compared in grain yield and some quality characteristics, and the adaptability of hulled and hull-less barley lines to Isparta ecological conditions was determined during 2019-2021 years. The differences between genotypes and years in the examined characteristics were found to be statistically significant. According to the two-year average results, the plant height of the hull-less barley lines was shorter than the cultivars, the number of spikelets and grains and the thousand-seed weight were lower, the grain and biomass yields were lower except for the ABA8 and INBYT18 lines, and the test weight was higher in the others except the ABA7 line. As a result, it has been determined that hull-less barley can be grown in Isparta ecological conditions and INBYT18 (3702.7 kg ha-1) and ABA8 (3881.3 kg ha-1) lines are more suitable for these ecological conditions in terms of grain yield. In addition, it was determined that the crude protein rate was higher in hull-less genotypes.
Perkembangan Terkini dalam Rawatan Topikal Ulser Tekanan: Satu Tinjauan Sistematik
Authors: Zulfakar Mohd Hanif , Eng Chi Grace Ting
Published: December 2023

Ulser tekanan adalah kecederaan setempat pada kulit atau tisu lembut yang mendasari bahagian tulang yang menonjol. Walaupun terdapat pelbagai rawatan topikal (agen topikal dan pembalut luka) yang tersedia untuk merawat ulser tekanan, rawatan ulser tekanan tetap mencabar. Ini telah mendorong penyelidikan untuk mengembangkan rawatan topikal yang baharu dan lebih berkesan untuk pengurusan dan penyembuhan ulser tekanan. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada kajian terdahulu mengenai perkembangan rawatan topikal dalam tempoh 10 tahun kebelakangan ini untuk mengenal pasti agen topikal dan formulasinya serta pembalut luka yang telah dibangunkan selama tempoh ini. Selain tu, kajian ini juga akan mengkaji kesan agen topikal dan pembalut luka terhadap rawatan bagi semua tahap ulser tekanan (Tahap I - IV). Dengan melakukan kajian ini, rawatan topikal bagi rawatan setiap tahap ulser tekanan boleh dikenal pasti. Carian sistematik melalui PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCOHost, Science Direct dan Google Scholar telah dilakukan. Kata kunci ‘pressure ulcer’, ‘bedsore’, ‘decubitus ulcer’ ‘dressings’, ‘bandages’, ‘topical agents’, ‘topical treatment’ dan gabungannya telah digunakan. Sinonim perkataan juga akan digunakan untuk memperluas pencarian. Sejumlah 18 artikel dikenal pasti memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil daripada tinjauan ini membuktikan bahawa formulasi salap adalah lebih berkesan berbanding jenis formulasi lain, manakala formulasi gel bukan pilihan yang baik untuk rawatan luka tekanan. Dari aspek keberkesanan rawatan topikal, kesemua formulasi topikal yang dikenalpasti adalah berkesan, kecuali gel sukralfat 15%. Akhir sekali, berdasarkan tahap luka tekanan, agen topikal adalah didapati berkesan dan paling banyak diindikasikan untuk ulser tahap I dan II, manakala pembalut pula untuk ulser tahap II dan III.
Performance of Disposable Cu/CuSO4 Reference Electrode in Reinforced Concrete Corrosion Analysis
Authors: Ihsan Muhammad , Fonna Syarizal , Huzni Syifaul , Islami Nurul , Alva Sagir , Ariffin Ahmad Kamal
Published: December 2023

The investigation of reference electrode performance for corrosion analysis has been widely conducted over the last decade. The need for a disposable and reliable reference electrode is a specific need for corrosion investigation. This research investigated the effectiveness of liquid-based and solid-state reference electrodes, which are disposable and provide reliable performance. The electrode was prepared with low-cost material preparation (disposable usage) within a Copper-Copper Sulphate (CCS) liquid-based and solid-state electrodes. The potential stability was already tested for dependability by measuring the Open Circuit Potential (OCP) on the rebar concrete specimen. The behaviour of solid-state reference and liquid-based reference electrodes in terms of polarization was studied in a corroded environment. Real-time potential data was also obtained for the corrosion rate investigation. The result shows the consistency performance of (OCP) value during corrosion measurement. The deviation of the maximum to a minimum potential value less than 0.02 V, verifies that the liquid-based copper (Cu) electrode and solid-state copper (Cu) electrodes are reliable, adaptable, and disposable for reinforced concrete corrosion measurement. In terms of corroded rebar potential measurement, the real-time polarization measurement result shows that the high-risk corroding occurred on the embedded rebar and was validated by directly visualizing the rebar concrete specimen. Therefore, the results obtained allow us to conclude that the disposable of both reference electrodes shows their stability and significantly reduces the reinforced concrete corrosion research cost.
Comparison of smartphone based peek visual acuity with Snellen Visual Acuity
Authors: Dulani Nisha , Dulani Harish , De Tapan Kumar
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To test an alternative method of visual acuity assessment by comparing habitual and best-corrected visual acuity by Snellen and Peek (a visual acuity testing smartphone application). Methods: A prospective study comparing visual acuity using Snellen's and Peek's visual acuity charts (smartphone-based applications). 162 eyes were assessed in this hospital-based setting by a single observer. Patients with gross ocular pathology and visual acuity less than 6/60 were excluded from the study. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between best corrected visual acuity by Snellens and Peeks'. Snellen's mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.9902 (±0.075), and Peek acuity was 0.9875 (±0.080). Conclusion: The visual acuity assessment by Peek is comparable to that of Snellen's; hence, it can be used as an excellent alternative to Snellens' visual acuity testing.
Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using peels of Citrus limetta and evaluation of their antibacterial activity
Authors: Thenmozhi J R , S Shahanaz , Manuel Suba G A
Published: December 2023

Background: The fruit peel wastes produced during the processing of different agriculture-related products after production are not utilized to their full potential, and their environmental impact has become a significant global issue. Citrus peel waste is rich in nutrients and has biopotential activity. Objective: The main objective of the current study is to analyze peels of Citrus limetta qualitatively and quantitatively and synthesize Zinc oxide Nanoparticles using the green synthesis method. Methodology: The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial activity of C. limetta peels ZnO NPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated by the Agar Disc Diffusion method. Results: The UV-Vis spectrum was measured in the 200 – 400 nm range, and the crystalline structure was analyzed via XRD. SEM/EDS analysis confirmed the nano-spherical structures and the agglomeration of the synthesized ZnO NPs. A minimal inhibitory effect against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa by C. limetta peels ZnO NPs was observed. Conclusion: Hence, the green synthesized ZnO NPs offer an effective and economical way to utilize citrus peel waste in both food and non-food sectors.
El derecho a migrar en la práctica: la constante paradoja ecuatoriana
Authors: Guerrero Cacuango Nina
Published: December 2023

Apoyada en la teoría que Hollifield ha denominado “paradoja liberal”, en esta oportunidad quiero visibilizar, mediante algunos casos atendidos a lo largo de mi trayectoria profesional como Defensora Pública especializada en movilidad humana, las inconsistencias que surgen en la aplicación práctica de un marco jurídico garantista, que se desnaturaliza por la práctica institucional, y desemboca en la violación del derecho a migrar y otros derechos constitucionales de las personas extranjeras en Ecuador. Esta paradoja me ha motivado a formular varios cuestionamientos, desde el enfoque de derechos humanos, alrededor de la política inmigratoria ecuatoriana, la insuficiencia normativa, y concebir al litigio estratégico como la herramienta más efectiva para reducir tales contradicciones.
Development and Validation of the Sense of Online Community Scale
Authors: Shepherd Craig E. , Bolliger Doris U. , McKim Courtney
Published: December 2023

This study focused on the development and validation of the Sense of Online Community Scale (SOCS), which includes 28 Likert-type scale items across six subscales: (a) program community, (b) program academic activities, (c) program social activities, (d) institutional academic activities, (e) institutional social activities, and (f) affiliation. The validation process included an implementation with 293 learners enrolled in online programs at a higher education institution in the eastern United States. The model was evaluated with and without outliers, and results show that the model aligned well with the SOCS. The means of all items except one exceeded 3.5 on a 5.0 scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Time in an online program was not a statistically significant predictor of the validation model, though most of our participants were in the first or second year of their degree programs. Findings demonstrate that the SOCS is a reliable and valid instrument that other researchers may use to investigate community in online environments on both the program and the institutional level.