bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hindcasted Body Temperatures Reveal Underestimated Thermal Stress Faced by Intertidal Species
Authors: Ma Lin‐Xuan , Wang Jie , Denny Mark W. , Dong Yun‐Wei
Published: September 2024

Aim

As global climate changes, there is a clear mismatch between the temporal and spatial characteristics of body temperature and environmental temperature, confounding the assessment of thermal stress for organisms in many ecological studies. Here, we hindcast the hourly body temperatures of intertidal molluscs to explore the differences between them and environmental temperatures (air and water temperatures) in multiple metrics of thermal stress.

Location

Intertidal shores in East Asia (0°–45°N, 100°E–140°E).

Time Period

40 years, 1980 to 2019.

Major Taxa Studied

Mollusca.

Methods

We collected habitat zonation data and measured the morphological characteristics of 25 intertidal molluscs living in East Asia. For three different types of intertidal molluscs (i.e., bivalves, limpets and snails), we built corresponding heat budget models (HBMs) to hindcast the hourly body temperatures from 1980 to 2019. We analysed the thermal stress of intertidal species faced in three metrics, annual extreme high temperatures (T99), seasonal daily maximum temperatures (DMT) and heatwaves, and compared them with environmental temperatures.

Results

We found that T99 of body temperatures and their interannual warming rates are significantly higher than those of environmental temperatures. Moreover, there were non‐negligible mismatches between the seasonal thermal pattern and heatwaves of body temperatures and environmental temperatures, suggesting that the deleterious impacts of global warming on intertidal species are underestimated and cannot be directly revealed by environmental temperatures.

Main Conclusions

Thermal stress patterns of body temperature were significantly different from those of environmental temperature, and the thermal stress faced by intertidal species had been persistently underestimated. These results emphasise that body temperature should be used as the appropriate metric for evaluating and predicting the impacts of global warming and weather extremes in the intertidal biological system.
Assessing textural changes of breaded deep‐fat fried chicken nuggets during post‐frying holdings under infrared heat‐lamp using acoustic‐mechanical techniques
Authors: Liberty Jacob Tizhe , Bhuiyan Md. Hafizur Rahman , Ngadi Michael
Published: September 2024

Texture is a multi‐parameter attribute and one of the prime quality attributes of fried products. This study examined the influence of post‐frying holdings under a heat lamp on the texture of breaded fried chicken nuggets. Chicken nuggets were deep‐fat fried (2, 4, 6, and 8 min) in canola oil at 180 °C. The fried samples were kept under an infrared heat lamp for up to 1 h, and the textural characteristics were compared with samples not exposed to post‐frying holdings. Textural characteristics were analysed through mechanical‐acoustic approach. The mechanical‐acoustic parameters related to crispiness analysed included maximum force (Fmax, N), number of force peaks (NFP), the area under force‐deformation curves (AF, N.sec), sound pressure level (SPL, dB), number of sound peaks (AUX) and the area under the amplitude‐time plots (AS, dB.sec). The mechanical parameters (Fmax: 19.11–48.96 N; NFP: 5–40; AF: 43–135 N.sec) of chicken nuggets increased with frying time, and these attributes were decreased during post‐frying holding. Similarly, acoustic parameters (SPL: 64.75–90.67 dB; AUX: 180–795; AS: 63–98 dB.sec) of chicken nuggets increased with frying time, and these attributes were decreased during post‐frying holding. Considering the studied parameters, 6 min of frying was found as optimal frying time. However, the post‐frying infrared heat lamp treatment affected the mechanical textural parametres more than the acoustic parameters. Findings from this study will be useful to food industries in optimising textural retention during post‐frying heat lamp holdings of fried products.
Characterising cricket flour from Gryllus assimilis: an alternative source of nutrients for sustainability
Authors: Toribio Ezequiel , Correa María Jimena , Medici Sandra Karina , Ferrero Cristina , Arp Carlos Gabriel
Published: September 2024

A trend to study entomological options as food is turning the practice of entomophagy into a novel research field in search for sustainable and accessible sources of nutrients. In this work, cricket (Gryllus assimilis) was processed into flour (CF), and then extracted using different solvents to obtain oils and defatted flours. The repeatability of CF obtention, its nutritional profile, and some of its physicochemical properties were studied. Results showed repeatability with a 28% mass yield for CF production. The CF presented adequate amino acid, mineral, and fatty acid profiles, a high content of dietary fibre, and low available carbohydrates, thus being considered a suitable alternative for inclusion in healthy human diets. Using data obtained from the total nitrogen content, the amino acid profile, and the total dietary fibre determinations, the CF protein digestibility was estimated at 67.4%. Based on experimental data, a mean nitrogen‐to‐protein conversion factor of 5.76 was calculated for a G. assimilis meal. The study showed that nutritional cricket flour and derivatives can be obtained using non‐sophisticated methods.
Consumer perception of plant‐based milk alternatives: systematic review
Authors: Mekanna Alexandria Nivelle , Issa Aline , Bogueva Diana , Bou‐Mitri Christelle
Published: September 2024

Plant‐Based Milk (PBM) alternatives have been a hype recently, drawing the high focus of investors, developers, and researchers. However, despite this surge in interest, the market size and potential of these products remain unclear. While several studies explored consumer perspectives on these alternatives, the variability in findings remains poorly understood. This systematic review aims to investigate consumer perceptions of PBM and to identify the factors associated with higher acceptance. Adhering to the PRISMA‐P methodology, searches on two major databases – Scopus and Web of Science – were conducted. Research papers published between 2019 and 2024 were screened to capture the most recent insights, resulting in thirty‐one articles. Among these studies, 71% were surveys, 50% were conducted in Europe and 46% in America. Additionally, 78% of the studies had a sample size of 500 participants or fewer, 71% assessed the perception of PBM alternative in general, while equally, 12.9% focused on soy‐based milk and 12.9% on coconut‐based milk. Overall, the studies evaluated preference for PBM over dairy milk, motives for consumption and other relevant factors. The research describes the socio‐demographic criteria associated with the high adoption rates of these products, the reasons for choosing dairy substitutes (such as curiosity, health benefits, or social influence), and the perceived advantages and barriers to their use. The expected outcomes of this study can provide valuable insights for designing effective marketing strategies for PBM and fostering the development of sustainable and healthy food systems.
Effect of ethanol concentration on conjugates of gallic acid and whey protein isolate: structural and functional properties
Authors: Zhang Ruihua , Ai Mingyan , Chen Shenghuizi , Li Shuting , Zhang Chunlan , Zhou Zhiqiang , Lu Jiankang
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the impact of varying ethanol concentrations on the functionality and structure of conjugates of gallic acid (GA) and whey protein isolate (WPI). The solubility, total phenolic content, and sulfhydryl group content of the conjugates significantly decreased with increasing ethanol concentration. The structure of the conjugates was altered as indicated by changes in their infrared and fluorescence spectra. By measuring the emulsification and foaming properties, we found that ethanol improved the functional properties of the conjugates. The study examined the influence of ethanol on the conjugates of polyphenolic compounds with whey protein, broadening the scope of research on protein modification. Furthermore, it provided a scientific basis for the future development of novel functional foods.
Integrated service delivery for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Authors: Flannigan Katherine , Edwards Devon C. , Murphy Lisa , Pei Jacqueline
Published: September 2024

Background

Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) experience complex needs that often necessitate support from multiple systems. There is growing evidence that people with FASD may benefit from integrated service delivery (ISD), but little is known about ISD elements and processes for this population.

Method

Using a multi‐method approach involving a literature review, analysis of programme data, and staff interviews, we examined how ISD is enacted at a rural Canadian FASD centre, and identified facilitators, barriers, and potential impacts of ISD at the centre.

Results

We describe key elements of integrated FASD programming and identify important contextual factors and themes related to ISD barriers, facilitators, and impacts: (1) connection, (2) freedom and autonomy, (3) client‐centred care, (4) learning and growth, (5) and reframing expectations.

Conclusions

This study may help to inform a roadmap for enhancing FASD service delivery and guiding FASD research and policy in Canada and beyond.
Histone deacetylase 6 controls cardiac fibrosis and remodelling through the modulation of TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 signalling in post‐infarction mice
Authors: Fang Junqiao , Shu Shangzhi , Dong Hui , Yue Xueling , Piao Jinshun , Li Shuyan , Hong Lan , Cheng Xian Wu
Published: September 2024

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) belongs to the class IIb group of the histone deacetylase family, which participates in remodelling of various tissues. Herein, we sought to examine the potential regulation of HDAC6 in cardiac remodelling post‐infarction. Experimental myocardial infarction (MI) was created in HDAC6‐deficient (HDAC6−/−) mice and wild‐type (HADC6+/+) by left coronary artery ligation. At days 0 and 14 post‐MI, we evaluated cardiac function, morphology and molecular endpoints of repair and remodelling. At day 14 after surgery, the ischemic myocardium had increased levels of HADC6 gene and protein of post‐MI mice compared to the non‐ischemic myocardium of control mice. As compared with HDAC6−/−‐MI mice, HADC6 deletion markedly improved infarct size and cardiac fibrosis as well as impaired left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening. At the molecular levels, HDAC6−/− resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of the transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1), phosphor‐Smad‐2/3, collagen I and collagen III proteins and/or in the ischemic cardiac tissues. All of these beneficial effects were reproduced by a pharmacological inhibition of HADC6 in vivo. In vitro, hypoxic stress increased the expressions of HADC6 and collagen I and III gene; these alterations were significantly prevented by the HADC6 silencing and TubA loading. These findings indicated that HADC6 deficiency resists ischemic injury by a reduction of TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 signalling activation, leading to decreased extracellular matrix production, which reduces cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction, providing a potential molecular target in the treatment of patients with MI.
A theoretical integration of work–family studies with the transactional model of stress
Authors: Ryu Geunpil
Published: September 2024

The work–family conflict theory posits that due to limited time and energy, individuals inevitably experience work–family role conflict, resulting in increased role strain. Conversely, the work–family enrichment theory suggests that multiple role involvement in work and family can lead to positive effects on well‐being through a virtuous cycle, known as a positive spillover effect. The theoretical review integrates work–family research with stress theory, focusing on coping behaviors and proposing a new theoretical framework. The conceptual model highlights individuals' diverse coping efforts to alleviate role strain and suggests that these strategies can result in various outcomes, including both work–family conflict and enrichment.
Visualization of myelin‐forming oligodendrocytes in the adult mouse brain
Authors: Yokoyama Kiichi , Hiraoka Yuichi , Abe Yoshifumi , Tanaka Kenji F.
Published: September 2024

Oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is considered to result in two populations: premyelinating and myelinating OLs. Recent single‐cell RNA sequence data subdivided these populations into newly formed (NFOLs), myelin‐forming (MFOLs), and mature (MOLs) oligodendrocytes. However, which newly proposed population corresponds to premyelinating or myelinating OLs is unknown. We focused on the NFOL‐specific long non‐coding oligodendrocyte 1 gene (LncOL1) and sought to label NFOLs under the control of the LncOL1 promoter using a tetracycline‐controllable gene induction system. We demonstrated that LncOL1 was expressed by premyelinating OLs and that the MFOL‐specific gene, Ctps, was not, indicating that NFOLs correspond to premyelinating OLs and that MFOLs and MOLs correspond to myelinating OLs. We then generated a LncOL1‐tTA mouse in which a tetracycline transactivator (tTA) cassette was inserted downstream from the LncOL1 transcription initiation site. By crossing the LncOL1‐tTA mice with tetO reporter mice, we generated LncOL1‐tTA::tetO‐yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) double‐transgenic (LncOL1‐YFP) mice. Although LncOL1 is non‐coding, YFP was detected in LncOL1‐YFP mice, indicating successful tTA translation. Unexpectedly, we found that the morphology of LncOL1‐tTA‐driven YFP+ cells was distinct from that of LncOL1+ premyelinating OLs and that the labeled cells instead appeared as myelinating OLs. We demonstrated from their RNA expression that YFP‐labeled OLs were MFOLs, but not MOLs. Using the unique property of delayed YFP induction, we sought to determine whether MFOLs are constantly supplied from OPCs and differentiate into MOLs, or whether MFOLs pause their differentiation and sustain this stage in the adult brain. To achieve this objective, we irradiated adult LncOL1‐YFP brains with X‐rays to deplete dividing OPCs and their progeny. The irradiation extinguished YFP‐labeled OLs, indicating that adult OPCs differentiated into MOLs during a single period. We established a new transgenic mouse line that genetically labels MFOLs, providing a reliable tool for investigating the dynamics of adult oligodendrogenesis.

image
Job loss during COVID‐19 on early retirement withdrawals: A moderated‐mediation analysis
Authors: Zheng Haotian , Roll Stephen , Despard Mathieu
Published: September 2024

This study explores the impact of COVID‐19‐related job loss on early retirement withdrawals, highlighting the roles of financial hardships, subjective well‐being, financial knowledge, and emergency savings. Drawing from 2929 respondents, the research identified that job loss increases early withdrawals, both directly and through financial hardships and well‐being perceptions. Notably, individuals with greater financial knowledge and at least 3 months of emergency savings experience less negative impact from job loss. Our findings emphasize the vital role of employers in offering workplace financial education and promoting emergency savings. This aligns with the SECURE 2.0 Act's strategies and underlines the significance of financial readiness in buffering against the economic fallout of unexpected events like the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Evaluation of intraoperative lidocaine on the prevention of postoperative shoulder pain in gynecologic laparoscopy: A prospective randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Zhao Liyan , Li Bin , Li Ningkang , Bao Jiamin , Zhu Xiaoning , Hai Kerong
Published: September 2024

Aim

To assess the effectiveness of intraoperative lidocaine in reducing the incidence of post‐laparoscopic shoulder pain (PLSP) after gynecologic laparoscopy.

Methods

Patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomly divided into two groups: the lidocaine group, receiving an initial intravenous dose of lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg) before anesthesia induction, followed by a continuous infusion at 2 mg/kg/h, and the placebo group, receiving saline. The primary endpoint was the determination of PLSP incidence over a 72‐h period post‐surgery. Secondary endpoints included a comprehensive evaluation of pain intensity, as measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), for shoulder, abdominal, and incisional pain within a 72‐hour period postoperatively. Additionally, the endpoints involved the assessment of Lofencodeine or Parexib Sodium usage frequency, incidence of nausea and vomiting, duration of anesthesia and surgical procedure, as well as the duration of hospital stay.

Results

Our study did not demonstrate any significant benefit in the incidence of PLSP during the postoperative period. PLSP occurred in 14 out of 41 patients (34.1%) in the lidocaine group, compared with 15 out of 41 patients (36.6%) in the placebo group (p = 0.817). Intravenous lidocaine reduced abdominal pain scores and decreased the need for postoperative analgesics within 72 h after surgery. No significant differences were found in incisional and shoulder pain intensity, nausea and vomiting rates, or hospitalization duration between groups.

Conclusions

The infusion of lidocaine did not yield a reduction in the incidence or severity of PLSP in patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy.
Counteracting “the tragedy of the commons” in an imperfect world
Authors: Wiszniewska‐Matyszkiel Agnieszka , Singh Rajani
Published: September 2024

Our research question is whether it is possible and how to counteract “the tragedy of the commons” if facing various limitations of real‐world economies. To answer it, we derive regulatory tax–subsidy systems and self‐enforcing environmental agreements in a problem of extraction of common renewable resources. The first considered limitation is that the feasible class of tax–subsidy systems may have a compl icated form, for example, there are transition periods for smooth reduction of fishing. The alternative limitation is that there is no institution that can impose taxes or subsidize, so sustainability can be achieved only by self‐enforcing international agreements. The next limitation is in those agreements: we assume that it takes time to detect a defection. We study these enforcement tools in a continuous‐time version of a Fish War type game with countries, with fish indispensable for their economies. We calculate the social optimum, a Nash equilibrium, and partial cooperation equilibria. The Nash equilibrium leads to the depletion of fish, while the social optimum typically results in sustainability. For partial cooperation, only two‐country coalitions are stable. We calculate tax–subsidy systems that enforce maximization of joint payoff, also if there are additional constraints, and we propose an algorithm that looks for such a system in an arbitrary class of regulatory tax–subsidy systems. For the international agreement with imperfect monitoring, we are interested in the maximal detection delay for which the agreement remains self‐enforcing. Counterintuitively, the more the players, the more stable the agreement.
Long COVID symptoms and sleep problems: a population‐based study
Authors: Letícia Anna , Neves Rosália Garcia , Vieira Yohana Pereira , Gonzales Tatiane Nogueira , Marochi Melissa , Reis Rodrigo Zopellaro , Machado Karla Pereira , Duro Suele Manjourany Silva , de Oliveira Saes Mirelle
Published: September 2024

To investigate the association between symptoms of long‐term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (long COVID) and sleep problems in a sample population from southern Brazil. This cross‐sectional study used data from the SULcovid‐19 survey, developed in the municipality of Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. The outcome, long COVID, was investigated through the presence of 18 symptoms, and the exposure variable was sleep problems. Poisson regression with robust adjustment for variance was used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios for the outcome–exposure relationship. Odds ratio was calculated through multinomial regression of the relationship between the number of symptoms of long COVID and sleep problems. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, marital status, income, body mass index, smoking status, comorbidities, and hospital admission. A total of 2919 adults and older adults were interviewed. The prevalence of long COVID was 48.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.5–50.1%) and sleep problems were reported by 41.2% of the sample (95% CI 39.4–43.0%). Individuals with sleep problems were more likely to exhibit altered sensitivity (prevalence ratio [PR] 3.27; 95% CI 1.96–5.45), nasal congestion (PR 2.75; 95% CI 1.53–4.94), musculoskeletal symptoms (PR 1.75; 95% CI 1.48–2.06), respiratory issues (PR 1.58; 95% CI 1.24–2.01), and one or more symptom of long COVID (PR 1.27; 95% CI 1.15–1.39). Approximately one‐half of the population analysed had long COVID, and four of 10 reported experiencing sleep problems. In addition, the sample tended to have experienced a greater number of symptoms compared with those who reported to sleep well.
Tag Recycling in the Pup‐Proteasome System is Essential for Mycobacterium smegmatis Survival Under Starvation Conditions
Authors: Zerbib Erez , Levin Roni , Gur Eyal
Published: September 2024

Many bacteria possess proteasomes and a tagging system that is functionally analogous to the ubiquitin system. In this system, Pup, the tagging protein, marks protein targets for proteasomal degradation. Despite the analogy to the ubiquitin system, where the ubiquitin tag is recycled, it remained unclear whether Pup is similarly recycled, given how the bacterial proteasome does not include a depupylase. We previously showed in vitro that as Pup lacks effective proteasome degradation sites, it is released from the proteasome following target degradation, remaining conjugated to a degradation fragment that can be later depupylated. Here, we tested this model in Mycobacterium smegmatis, using a Pup mutant that is effectively degraded by the proteasome. Our findings indicate that Pup recycling not only occurs in vivo but is also essential to maintain normal pupylome levels and to support bacterial survival under starvation conditions. Accordingly, Pup recycling is an essential process in the mycobacterial Pup‐proteasome system.
Polyamine oxidation enzymes regulate sexual mating/filamentation and pathogenicity in Sporisorium scitamineum
Authors: Yin Kai , Hu Zhijian , Yuan Meiting , Chen Weidong , Bi Xinping , Cui Guobing , Liang Zhibin , Deng Yi Zhen
Published: September 2024

Sugarcane smut fungus Sporisorium scitamineum produces polyamines putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM) to regulate sexual mating/filamentous growth critical for pathogenicity. Besides de novo biosynthesis, intracellular levels of polyamines could also be modulated by oxidation. In this study, we identified two annotated polyamine oxidation enzymes (SsPAO and SsCuAO1) in S. scitamineum. Compared to the wild type (MAT‐1), the ss1paoΔ and ss1cuao1Δ mutants were defective in sporidia growth, sexual mating/filamentation, and pathogenicity. The addition of a low concentration of cAMP (0.1 mM) could partially or fully restore filamentation of ss1paoΔ × ss2paoΔ or ss1cuao1Δ × ss2cuao1Δ. cAMP biosynthesis and hydrolysis genes were differentially expressed in the ss1paoΔ × ss2paoΔ or ss1cuao1Δ × ss2cuao1Δ cultures, further supporting that SsPAO‐ or SsCuAO1‐based polyamine homeostasis regulates S. scitamineum filamentation by affecting the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway. During early infection, PUT promotes, while SPD inhibits, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sugarcane, therefore modulating redox homeostasis at the smut fungus–sugarcane interface. Autophagy induction was found to be enhanced in the ss1paoΔ mutant and reduced in the ss1cuao1Δ mutant. Exogenous addition of cAMP, PUT, SPD, or SPM at low concentration promoted autophagy activity under a non‐inductive condition (rich medium), suggesting a cross‐talk between polyamines and cAMP signalling in regulating autophagy in S. scitamineum. Overall, our work proves that SsPAO‐ and SsCuAO1‐mediated intracellular polyamines affect intracellular redox balance and thus play a role in growth, sexual mating/filamentation, and pathogenicity of S. scitamineum.
The palaeobiological significance of clustering in acritarchs: a case study from the early Cambrian of North Greenland
Authors: Wallet Elise , Slater Ben J. , Willman Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Aggregated clusters of acritarchs are relatively common among assemblages of organic‐walled microfossils, yet such associations have received relatively little attention. Here we report a new diversity of acritarch clusters from the early Cambrian Buen Formation of North Greenland. The aggregation patterns of four genera (Skiagia, Comasphaeridium, Asteridium and Synsphaeridium) are described together with their background population characteristics (presence of openings, inner bodies and overall disparity) in order to better understand the palaeobiology of these acritarchs. The majority of Skiagia clusters were found to be monospecific despite significant intraspecific variability, a pattern that is suggestive of a strong environmental influence on Skiagia morphologies and aggregation habits. Abundant small (<20 μm) Comasphaeridium vesicles were recovered in a broad range of chiefly monospecific clusters that are likely to have been formed under bloom conditions. A colonial habit is tentatively inferred from the tightly packed appearance of monogeneric Asteridium aggregates, and clearly evidenced by the highly conserved cellular structure of recovered Synsphaeridium clusters. A lack of excystment structures in Comasphaeridium and Asteridium vesicles suggest these taxa represent actively growing cells rather than resting cysts. Altogether, these findings shed new light on the diversity of cellular structures and lifestyles represented among Cambrian acritarchs, and illustrate a range of reproduction and defence strategies adopted by plankton in the face of novel environmental pressures.
Impact of environmental barriers on temnospondyl biogeography and dispersal during the Middle–Late Triassic
Authors: Moreno Raphael , Dunne Emma M. , Mujal Eudald , Farnsworth Alexander , Valdes Paul J. , Schoch Rainer R.
Published: September 2024

Temnospondyls had a remarkable worldwide distribution throughout the Triassic at a time of periodic arid climates, and were a stable component of Triassic terrestrial ecosystems. Given the postulated ancestral relationship between temnospondyls and modern lissamphibians it is pertinent to recognize that the group may have exhibited some degree of ecological resilience and adaptability. Despite this higher level of plasticity, temnospondyls might still have been susceptible to environmental and climate changes. Although fossil sites are distributed sporadically, we try to circumvent the present geographical and geological biases by combining actual fossil occurrences with environmental conditions derived from general circulation models. Here, we employ species distribution modelling to examine the palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic distribution of European temnospondyls during the transition from Middle to Late Triassic. The model shows different suitable areas for temnospondyl habitats that give new potential insights on the biogeographic distribution patterns and dispersal potential. We suggest that the Central European Basin functioned as a focal point for Triassic temnospondyl diversification and spread. Moreover, this paper provides the first application of species distribution modelling for Triassic temnospondyls and aids in understanding their climatic niche occupation and evolution.
Integrating Antixenosis Against Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Micronutrition in Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes
Authors: Singh Satvinder , Arora Anju , Babu Karthick S. , Verma S. K. , Panwar R. K. , Agnihotri Meena
Published: September 2024

The leguminous chickpea is a good source of protein, but its yield potential is frequently constrained by biotic stresses, primarily Helicoverpa armigera, a major havoc for cultivation of the crop. To develop host plant resistance for minimizing the losses due to the pod borer, five kabuli parents with desired traits for pod borer tolerance were crossed in diallel mating design to produce 10 crosses which were analysed for traits related to pod borer and nutrition. Based on correlation studies, trichome density was found positively correlated with phenol content, but both the traits were negatively associated with number of damaged seeds. Therefore, the tolerant genotypes were identified on the basis of phenol content, trichome density, number of damaged seeds and field rating. Among parents ICC 12197 was found superior in terms of yield and borer tolerance features with an intermediate pest resistance susceptible rating in addition to higher Fe content. However, significant sca effects for higher phenol content and seed yield in ICC 11764 × ICC 14190 were recorded with reduced number of damaged seeds in addition to higher Fe and Zn content. It was observed that the specific combination involved good and poor combiners for each trait. The same cross also showed significant standard heterosis in desirable direction for phenol content, trichome density, number of damaged seeds and seed yield. Additionally, the ratio of σ2 GCA to σ2 SCA revealed nonadditive gene action in controlling the expression of phenol content, trichome density, number of damaged seeds and Fe and Zn content. Thus, breeder may focus efforts on desirable cross utilizing selection in further segregating generations for higher phenol content, trichome density and Fe and Zn content in addition to yield‐related traits while lesser number of damaged seeds per plant to concentrate for development of pod borer resilient high yielding kabuli genotypes to combat micronutrient deficiency.
Using technology to reduce learning costs and improve program comprehension: Lessons from a survey experiment on Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Authors: Walsh Stephanie , Porumbescu Gregory A. , Hetling Andrea
Published: September 2024

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides food assistance to those in need, and while the program reaches many who are eligible, program participation falls short of reaching all who are eligible. One factor contributing to this gap in participation is difficulty understanding program eligibility, a common challenge with means‐tested benefit programs. Governments have attempted to improve public understanding of these complex programs using a range of tools to reduce learning costs, yet we know little about the extent to which these tools work and why. This preregistered survey experiment tests three commonly used methods of communicating SNAP program information, including a flyer, screening tool, and video. Cumulatively, our findings demonstrate that efforts to reduce SNAP learning costs are generally effective at improving comprehension recall and that the type of intervention matters, with the video increasing comprehension scores more than the flyer and screening tool. However, the impact of the intervention does not vary substantially according to household income.
Impact of Periconceptional and Gestational Vitamin D3 Restriction on Fetal Folliculogenesis and Anti‐Mullerian Hormone Secretion Using Sheep as a Model
Authors: Mbegbu E. C. , Salavati M. , Aka L. O. , Obidike I. R. , Tang J. C. Y. , Fraser W. D. , Hanson M. A. , Green L. R. , Fouladi‐Nashta A. A.
Published: September 2024

Ovarian reserve is a reflection of the overall female reproductive potential. Vitamin D status has been suspected to influence fetal development and female fertility. As maternal diet during pregnancy can affect fetal development and future fertility, we hypothesised that periconceptional and gestational Vitamin D restriction could affect folliculogenesis and AMH secretion in the offspring. Nineteen sexually mature Welsh mountain ewes were randomly assigned to Vitamin D3 deficient (VDD, n = 10) and Vitamin D3 control (VDC, n = 9) diets from 17 days (d) before mating, up to 127–130 days of gestation, when fetal ovaries were collected (3 from VDC and 6 from VDD). Serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were lower in VDD compared with VDC (p < 0.05). Relative to total follicle number, the percentage of primordial follicles was higher (p < 0.05), while the percentage of primary follicles was lower (p < 0.05) in VDD group compared with VDC group fetal ovaries. The integrated density value and percentage of affected area in TUNEL staining in VDD group did not vary from VDC group fetal ovaries (p > 0.05). Relative expression of AMH mRNA and AMH protein in VDD fetal ovaries were not statistically different compared with controls (p > 0.05). The relative expression of VDR mRNA were lower in VDD compared with VDC group fetal ovaries (p < 0.05). These data indicate that maternal Vitamin D dietary restriction is associated with ovarian tissue stemness and increased primordial follicle number but does not promote normal follicle recruitment or development in sheep fetal ovaries.
A call for practical spatially patterned forest restoration methods
Authors: Holl Karen D. , Reid J. Leighton , Zahawi Rakan A. , de Siqueira Ludmila P. , Brancalion Pedro H. S.
Published: September 2024

Applied nucleation and other spatially patterned restoration methods are promising approaches for scaling up projects to meet ambitious international restoration commitments in an ecologically and economically sound manner. Much of the corresponding literature to date, however, has centered around theoretical discussions and small‐scale studies that are largely divorced from constraints faced by restoration practitioners. We briefly review recent academic literature about applied nucleation and other spatially patterned restoration methods and discuss practical challenges to their implementation. We offer several recommendations to move spatially patterned restoration from an academic conversation to scalable application, including: (1) comparing different planting designs and natural regeneration within the same system at an appropriate scale; (2) monitoring ecological outcomes throughout the restored area over sufficient time to evaluate recovery; (3) quantifying costs and documenting other logistical constraints to implementation; and (4) exploring methods for using unplanted areas to provide benefits to landholders until planted vegetation establishes.
Traditional Tibetan Buddhist Monastic Education and Its Contemporary Adaptations Since 1959
Authors: Hobhouse Nicholas S.
Published: September 2024

This article surveys the academic literature on Tibetan Buddhist monastic education, covering both its development inside Tibet prior to 1959, when the fourteenth Dalai Lama fled into exile, and its revival and adaptations since that time. Academic works on monastic education before 1959 examine important landmarks from the 11th until the 20th centuries, including the innovative approaches pioneered at Sangpu Neutok, the contributions of Sakya Paṇḍita, the rise of Geluk monastic education, and the later development of non‐Geluk shedras in the Nyingma, Sakya and Kagyu orders. There are also notable academic debates concerning the valid application of the category of ‘scholasticism’ to traditional Tibetan Buddhist educational contexts. In general, traditional Geluk monastic education has been more thoroughly researched than the monastic education of the other orders, though recent studies have started to correct this imbalance. The literature on contemporary monastic education discusses several adaptations to traditional approaches, including the award of degrees modelled on those at secular universities, the expansion of curricula to include modern subjects such as science, and the establishment of unprecedented educational programmes for nuns. Contemporary developments in the subcontinental nations of India, Nepal and Bhutan have, however, received greater academic attention those in the Tibetan regions of China. Thus, while the academic field is quite vibrant, with a wide range of publications on several important topics, a number of research gaps remain that could be fruitfully filled by subsequent research.
Everyday Conversations About Economic Inequality: A Research Agenda
Authors: Schieferdecker David , Reinhardt Susanne , Mijs Jonathan , Silva Graziella Moraes , Teeger Chana , Carvalhaes Flavio , Seekings Jeremy
Published: September 2024

High and rising levels of economic inequality come at a tremendous cost to societies, yet the public is often hesitant to confront these inequalities. Prior research has attempted to explain this paradox, pointing to how it is driven by individuals' misperceptions of the extent of inequality, broader narratives that justify inequality, and distrust in government intervention and redistribution. These beliefs and attitudes are not simply a reflection of individual predispositions; they are also a product of societal debates. The limited scholarship on such debates has focused on elite discourse, examining how discussions about inequality unfold among people in positions of power in formalized contexts such as parliaments or the media. Most of this research has been conducted in the Global North. We know very little about how ordinary people talk about economic inequality, especially in the Global South. Everyday conversations about economic inequality deserve more scholarly attention because of their distinct form and extensive range, covering diverse voices and social situations. They reflect how societies struggle with economic inequality and how some groups are silenced, while others have their voices amplified. Finally, conversations may affect opinion formation differently than unidirectional exposure to information. This article reviews the literature and sets out a research agenda to comprehensively study how ordinary people talk about economic inequality in various contexts.
Cosmeceuticals in photoaging: A review
Authors: Chan Lisa Kwin Wah , Lee Kar Wai Alvin , Lee Cheuk Hung , Lam Kar Wai Phoebe , Lee Kar Fai Victor , Wu Raymond , Wan Jovian , Shivananjappa Shanthala , Sky Wong Tin Hau , Choi Hosung , Yi Kyu‐Ho
Published: September 2024

Background

Photoaging is a process of the architecture of normal skin damaged by ultraviolet radiation. Topical cosmeceuticals have been used to treat this condition. The authors aimed to understand the mechanism and level of evidence of different commonly used cosmeceuticals used to treat photodamaged skin.

Objective

A range of commonly used topical cosmeceuticals (botanicals, peptides, and hydroquinone) has been used in cosmetic medicine for many years to treat photodamaged skin. This review article compares their efficacy and level of evidence.

Material and methods

This study was a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of different topical cosmeceuticals. Keywords including “Photoaging,” “Azelaic acid,” “Soy,” “Green Tea,” “Chamomile,” “Ginkgo,” “Tea Tree Oil,” “Resveratrol,” “Cucumber,” “Ginseng,” “Centella asiatica,” “Licorice Root,” “Aloe Vera,” “Peptides,” “Argireline,” “Hydroquinone,” were typed on OVID, PUBMED, MEDLINE for relevant studies published on photoaging treatment.

Results

Most of the evidence behind cosmeceuticals is of high‐quality ranging from Level I to Level II. In particular, the evidence base behind peptides is the strongest with most studies achieving Level Ib status in the evidence hierarchy.

Conclusion

Topical cosmeceuticals like botanicals, peptides and hydroquinone can effectively treat photodamaged skin
The novel HLA class I allele HLA‐C*07:02:81 differs from HLA‐C*07:02:01:01 by a synonymous mutation
Authors: Chang Chia‐Ling , Lin Chun‐Ying
Published: September 2024

HLA‐C*07:02:81 differs from HLA‐C*07:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 465 (C→A) in exon 3.
Characterisation of the novel HLA‐DPA1*01:12:03 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Andreani Marco , Battarra Mariarosa , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Visentin Jonathan
Published: September 2024

HLA‐DPA1*01:12:03 differs from HLA‐DPA1*01:12:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 204 in exon 4.
Characterisation of the novel HLA‐DPB1*1618:01 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Wojciechowski Elodie , Visentin Jonathan
Published: September 2024

HLA‐DPB1*1618:01 differs from HLA‐DPB1*18:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 215 in exon 4.
Characterisation of the novel HLA‐B*51:411 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Visentin Jonathan
Published: September 2024

HLA‐B*51:411 differs from HLA‐B*51:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 235 in exon 4.
Minimally invasive tarsal arthrodesis in 15 dogs
Authors: Longo Federico , Castelli Emanuele , Lewis Daniel Dean , Hudson Caleb C. , Kim Stanley Eunwoo , Pozzi Antonio
Published: September 2024

Objective

The aim of the present study was to report the outcomes and complications of minimally invasive tarsal arthrodesis (MITA) in dogs.

Study design

Bi‐institutional retrospective study.

Sample population

A total of 15 client‐owned dogs.

Methods

Medical records of dogs undergoing MITA were reviewed to determine outcome and complications. Radiographs were recommended every 4 weeks until clinical union and reviewed to evaluate tibiotarsometatarsal alignment, implant position, subsequent osseous union of the debrided articulations. Time to clinical union and complications were recorded. Clinical union was defined as functional weightbearing limb use with at least 50% of osseous union. Final limb function was defined as full, acceptable, or unacceptable.

Results

Partial tarsal arthrodesis was performed in 10 cases and pantarsal arthrodesis in five cases. Postoperative swelling was minimal. Most complications, 26% major and 40% minor, were implant‐related, and explant was required in three dogs. No catastrophic complications occurred. Mean (±sd) radiographic follow‐up was 11.4 (±13.1) months Mean (±sd) time to radiographic osseous union was 1.8 (±0.5) months. Mean (±sd) time to clinical union was 3.7 (±0.8) months. Physiological alignment was restored in 12/15 dogs. Complete radiographic union occurred in 46% while in the remaining 54% obtained partial radiographic union, but clinical instability was not observed. Limb function was considered full in six and acceptable in eight dogs. Function was unacceptable in one dog, but the cause was not related to MITA.

Conclusion

MITA resulted in restoration of alignment, which was accomplished using MITA techniques. Furthermore, MITA appeared to result in faster healing times and reduced soft tissue complications compared to conventional open approach arthrodesis.

Clinical significance

MITA may be considered as an option to obtain functional arthrodesis in dogs.
The Pulborough Gold Torc: a 4th to 3rd century BCE artefact of European significance
Authors:   British Museum, Adams Sophia , Craddock Paul , Hook Duncan , La Niece Susan , Meeks Nigel , O'Flynn Daniel , Perucchetti Laura
Published: September 2024

Two fragments of a decorated buffer terminal torc were found in 2019 near Pulborough, West Sussex. The simplicity of the design belies the complexity of the construction of this hollow, gold alloy neck-ring. The overall shape is that of 4th to 3rd century BCE buffer terminal torcs found in western Europe, particularly France, Germany and Belgium. The terminal and neck-ring are decorated with filigree made from block-twisted wire soldered to the surface of the sheet metal parts. Filigree ornament is unusual in this shape of torc but is known from other varieties of torc and contemporary gold objects found on the Continent. The location of this find, towards the south coast of England along ancient routes of Atlantic and cross-channel contact and trade, is intriguing given the disparate influences seen in the design. This is not the first buffer terminal torc discovered in England; its discovery is preceded by both gold and copper-alloy versions, but it stands out for its individual style and decorative effect. After its discovery and reporting to the Portable Antiquities Scheme, the torc was subject to analysis and examination, confirming it qualified as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996. The Sussex Archaeological Society acquired the torc in 2023 for the Barbican House Museum, Lewes, Sussex. Further detailed technical examination of the torc was carried out on their behalf at the British Museum and is described here.
Selecting sites and telling stories: fieldwork practice and emerging narratives for the archaeology of HS2 Phase One
Authors:   HS2 Ltd, Halsted John
Published: September 2024

The interpretation of our investigations into the past, which can explore the chronological development of a site, the activities of its inhabitants or the environment in which they lived, culminate in the formation of archaeological narratives. These may take the form of a discussion in an archaeological report, a conference presentation or a story in the media. The narratives we develop as a result of archaeological fieldwork are directly influenced by the methodologies we employ. On a large-scale project such as HS2 Phase One, those methodologies can include a variety of survey and sampling strategies, culminating in the selection of specific locations for further investigation. The methodology and decision-making process has been influenced by the Specific Objectives as set out in the Historic Environment Research and Delivery Strategy (HERDS). The narratives produced will be generated for both academic historic environment audiences and the wider public, including local communities and school children. This paper will examine the types of narratives and stories that are produced for different audiences and consider which themes are chosen and the extent to which those are influenced by the research questions we have set out.
Impact of atmospheric variations on sonic boom loudness over 10 years of simulated flights
Authors: Iura Rei , Ukai Takahiro , Yamashita Hiroshi , Kern Bastian , Misaka Takashi , Obayashi Shigeru
Published: September 2024

Relative humidity, temperature, and wind along flight paths from a 10-year simulation are used to investigate the effects of the atmospheric conditions on sonic boom loudness generated by the pseudo-Concorde and a low-boom supersonic aircraft using an acoustic wave propagation tool. Global meteorological conditions are simulated using the chemistry-climate model EMAC with ECMWF reanalysis data. The results show that atmospheric conditions lead to a seasonal variation of the perceived level for a N-wave over 10 years of flights, whereas it is difficult to identify the seasonal variation for the low-boom aircraft because the distribution of perceived levels is widely spread. The dominant effect from atmospheric conditions during acoustic propagation is found for the low-boom aircraft cruising at an altitude of 14.478 km. The molecular relaxation effect is dominant for an overpressure reduction at 10 km but does not impact the pressure waveform below 8 km. At altitudes below 8 km, the thermoviscous absorption exclusively influences the variations in pressure rise time. Moreover, acoustic wave propagation through the turbulent field was simulated at a single location. Even though the acoustic wave passed through the same turbulent field in the summer and winter cases, the loudness on the ground differs between them.