bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zn-Ca-Zr Alloy for Biomedical Application
Authors: Jiang Dong Mei , Guo Liang , Cao Zhan Yi , Sun Xu , Huang Feng Xiao
Published: September 2013

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast Mg-Zn-Ca-Zr alloys were investigated in this study. The results showed that the alloy was mainly composed of α-Mg solid solution and the secondary phases of Ca2Mg6Zn3. The grain size of alloys decreased from 82 μm to 38 μm with Zr content from 0.1% to 0.5%. The addition of Zr greatly improved the ultimate tensile strength (σb) and elongation (ε), while slightly improved the tensile yield strength (σ0.2). The σb, ε and σ0.2 of the Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-0.5Zr were 196MPa, 85MPa and 16.1% compared with the other two alloys. The reason was that grain size refinement strengthening enhanced the mechanical properties.
The Electrical Conductivity Stability of Polyaniline Doped with Three Different Acids
Authors: Fu Ren Chun , Du Jun , Huang Hui , Guo Zhong Cheng
Published: September 2013

The doping acid will obviously effect on the properties of polyaniline. In order to investigate the industrial acids influence the electrical conductivity stability of polyaniline, the hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (SA) and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) in industrial degree were chosen as doping acids to synthesize polyaniline. The stability of electrical conductivity was measured by in situ temperature. The mechanism of temperature dependence of electrical conductivity was discussed. The results revealed that the stability of polyaniline doped by hydrochloric acid (HCl) was better than that of polyaniline doped by other acids. The variable-range hopping (VRH) model could explain the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of polyaniline.
Study on the Mechanism of the Anodic Oxidation of PAN-Based Carbon Fibers by Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Lin Zhi Tao , Zhu Bo , Lin Xue , Chen Yang , Liu Yu Zhen
Published: September 2013

The cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers (CFs) were measured in different electrolyte aqueous solutions, temperatures and concentrations. By analyzing the CVs, the mechanism of the anodic oxidation of PANbased CFs was investigated. The results show that the anodic oxidation of CFs is virtually the activated oxygen formed by oxygen evolution reaction of water reacts with the surface carbon of CFs. Although there are more activated oxygen formed in alkaline electrolytes, surface oxides of CFs are easier to be formed in acidic electrolytes. The higher temperature can make the oxygen evolution reaction of water and surface oxidation of CFs be easier and more violent. The variation in electrolyte concentration can affect intensity of the two reactions, whereas it does not affect the difficulty of the reactions.
Electrical Properties Measurement of Rat Blood in 10 kHz-10 MHz
Authors: Li Gun
Published: September 2013

Electromagnetic property of biological tissue is a critical issue for studying the biological effects of electromagnetic fields. In order to investigate the electrical parameters of rat blood and dispersion spectrum within the low-frequency, dielectric and conductivity parameters of rat blood was measured via HP4275A Multi Frequency LCR Meter in low frequency range (10 kHz-10 MHz), dispersive characteristics of blood electrical parameters was defined within the low-frequency. Dielectric properties of the measurement were used to compare with the theory of Cole-Cole fitting, and the fitting result shows that the Cole-Cole theory can well reflect the dielectric dispersion characteristics of rat blood. These results can be used to studying further biological effects of different frequencies electromagnetic fields.
Influence of Different Porosity of Dead-Man to Flow of Hot Metal in the Hearth of Blast Furnace
Authors: Ding Hui , Jin Yan , Qi Jun , Huang Hong Bin , Wang Jun , Ai Fan , Yang Kang
Published: September 2013

Circuiting flow of hot metal is one of reasons for erosion in hearth, which is brought mainly by dead-man in hearth. Studies the influence of different porosity of dead-man to flow of hot metal in the hearth of blast furnace .The results show that:When the porosity of dead-man is reduced,the hot metal on the bottom and the wall of furnace erosion increase.
Effect of Tension on Mechanical Properties and Structure of Aramid Fibers during Heat Treatment
Authors: Zhong Hong Peng , DawElbeit Ahmed , Kong Hai Juan , Kang Chun Mao , Hua Mei , Liu Jing , Du Ling Dong , Teng Cui Qing , Yu Mu Huo
Published: September 2013

The heat treatment was carried out to modify the aramid fibers, and the effect of tension on the mechanical properties and structure was investigated through Fiber Strength Equipment, viscosity, XRD and SEM . The results show that fibers，strength slightly decrease, but modulus increase significantly according to the increasing of tension at 480°C and 10s, and reach a maximum when the tension value is 300 g. After heat treatment, molecular weight decrease and the degree of crystallinity increase. SEM show that there is little effect on the surface topography of the fibers during treatment.
Study on Enzymatic Synthesis of γ-Cyclodextrin with β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Cao Xin Zhi , You Jian Ming , Lv Kai Bin
Published: September 2013

Gamma cyclodextrin was produced synthesized from beta cyclodextrin in the presence of glycyrrhizin, using Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) from AlkalophilicBacillus. The results showed that more than 32.7% of beta cyclodextrin substrate was converted to the corresponding gamma cyclodextrin under the following conditions, viz. 200 units enzyme/g of β-CD, 10mmol/L of β-CD concentration, 3% of glycyrrhizin concentration, 27 h of reaction time, 65°C of temperature and a reaction pH of 7.0.
Effective Application of Magnetic Material Based on Metamaterial Absorber
Authors: Zhang Hui Bin , Deng Li Wei , Zhang Nan , Zhou Pei Heng , Xie Jian Liang , Deng Long Jiang
Published: September 2013

We simulate, fabricate and measure a microwave absorber by introducing metamaterial design method to magnetic material. The proposed absorber is composed of periodic copper wire array, magnetic material coated on copper wires, a foam substrate and a bottom metal plane. The results show a nearly perfect absorption peak around 8.7GHz (simulated) and 7.6GHz (measured). Even though the electric and magnetic field distribution indicate that the absorption is a typical metamaterial absorption, the power loss is neither Ohmic nor dielectric loss but magnetic loss, which is different from typical metamaterial absorber. The skillful introduction of the magnetic loss improves the absorption performance, including the absorption bandwidth and intensity. The designed absorber shows an effective application of the magnetic material, which is only 1/60000 volume proportion of the total absorber. Dependences of the absorption on frequency and the coating volume of the magnetic material manifest that the coated magnetic material can adjust the absorption peak position and intensity. The absorber can be an attractive candidate of electromagnetic wave absorber.
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Panax japlcus Var
Authors: Song Xiao , Zhao Peng
Published: September 2013

Polysaccharide fromPanax japlcus var(PJVPs) was extracted with microwave-assisted (MAE). The effects of operating conditions, such as extraction time, ratio of water to raw material , and microwave power, on the extraction yield of PJVPs were studied through a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time 9.14 min, power 728.5 W and ratio of water to raw material 27.57ml/g. The yield of polysaccharide was 14.02 % based on the above mentioned conditions.
Properties of Ba-Hexaferrite Thin Films with Different Layer Structures
Authors: Xu Zhi Yong , Lan Zhong Wen , Sun Ke , Yu Zhong , Guo Rong Di , Jiang Xiao Na , Wu Chuan Jian
Published: September 2013

M-type Ba-hexaferrite (BaM) thin films with two different structures (single layered and double layered) were deposited on (001) Al2O3 substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The changes in microstructural and magnetic properties of the films corresponding to different layer structures and substrate temperatures (Ts) were investigated. Experimental results indicated that for the single layered films deposited directly on substrates at Ts = 300 °C and Ts = 500 °C, most of the grains are acicular type grains with their c-axis in-plane and/or randomly oriented. However, in the double layered film with first interfacial layer deposited at Ts = 300 °C and second layer deposited at Ts = 500 °C, good crystallographic characteristics and excellent perpendicular c-axis orientation were obtained. The c-axis dispersion angle (Δθc) decreased to 0.49°, while the squareness ratio and coercivity of the out-of-plane respectively increased to 0.85 and 4.67 kOe in the double layered film. The mechanism for improving perpendicular c-axis orientation with the interfacial BaM layer was attributed to an increase in the perpendicularly oriented nucleation sites and the release of the stress that comes from the film-substrate interface.
A New Type of Surfactant in the Synthesis and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Liu Qing Wang , Niu Pan
Published: September 2013

Gemini surfactants are chemical compounds known as new generation of surfactants that their molecules has two hydrophilic groups ,two hydrophobic groups and a spacer.They have low CMC value and high surface activity.Gemini surfactants are inapproachable by any surfactants that are used for TOR nowadays.This essay is meant to solve the problems faced in the territory by using the remarkably high surface activity,introducing Gemini surfactants to TOR and launch series of experiments.Meanwhile,it provides technical and theoretical support for applying Gemini surfactants into the field.
Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of Cu2O Films Prepared on Different Substrates in Connection with TiO2 Electrodes
Authors: Yeh Chung Wei , Wu Kee Rong
Published: September 2013

In this study, we investigate Cu2O film electrically connected with TiO2 film, as a p-n type heterojunction, for enhancing the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) activity towards degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution under ultraviolet irradiation. By using a versatile magnetron sputtering technique, the Cu2O films were deposited onto three different substrates, i.e., ITO, Ni/Cr and Pt, denoted as Cu2O/It, Cu2O/Ni and Cu2O/Pt, respectively, whereas the TiO2 film was deposited on ITO substrate. All three Cu2O films show about the same characteristics of preferential (111) plane of the Cu2O oxide. While electrically coupled with TiO2, the Cu2O/Pt exhibits the highest PEC activity on MO degradation among four different couples. Thus, the increase in PEC activity of the Cu2O/Pt-TiO2 is due to both the electron affinity of the Pt substrate and the effect of the equilibration of Fermi level of which is more compatible for Cu2O and TiO2 oxides, decreasing the electrochemical capacitances of the p-n heterojunction. The electric-assisted heterojunction offers an efficient way for photogenerated electron transport from TiO2 to holes in the Cu2O, rendering enhanced PEC activity.
Theoretical Study of Energy Levels Splitting of Praseodymium-Doped Trichloride
Authors: Duan Mei Ling , Li Jin Hong , Yang Xiao Feng
Published: September 2013

A 91×91 complete energy matrix of 4f2configuration ion Pr3+in triagonal crystal fieldC3hhas been constructed based upon the combination of Racahs irreducible tensor with Slaters wavefunctions. Thus, the Stark energy levels of Pr3+in trichlorides LaCl3have been calculated. The calculation result shows that the complete energy matrix method is effective to analyze the energy levels splitting of the doped entity by rare earth ions. We also know that the consideration to the sixth-order crystal field parameters is indispensable and the ionic radius of the replaced ion will play an important role in the energy levels splitting of the doped systems.
Tribological Performance of PEEK Reinforced PTFE Composites under Dry Sliding Condition
Authors: Yang Dong Ya , Wang Yue , Gong Jun
Published: September 2013

0-20wt.% PEEK reinforced PTFE composites were prepared by a cold pressing-sintering method. The tribological properties and surface morphology of the transfer films were investigated via a MRH-3 friction and wear testing machine and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. Results show that the wear resistance of PTFE composite is improved more than 670 times with the addition of 20wt.% PEEK and the lowest friction coefficient is obtained with 5wt.% PEEK. Surface morphology shows that the transfer film formed on the counterface becomes more and more uniform and continuous with the addition of PEEK filler, frictional trace on the transfer film suggests that abrasive wear occurred during the sliding process.
Phenolic Wastewater Treatment by Microwave-Induced H2O2-Fe (III)-Cu (II)/γ-Al2O3 Catalytic Oxidation Process
Authors: Zhang Jie , Pan Wei Qian , Zheng Tong , Wang Peng
Published: September 2013

To achieve efficient removal of phenolic pollutants in water, the catalyst of Fe (III)-Cu (II)/γ-Al2O3 was prepared. In the presence of Fe (III)-Cu (II)/γ-Al2O3, microwave-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) catalytic oxidation process was conducted for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing PNP, a representative of phenolic pollutants. Effectiveness of the process and factors influencing PNP removal were investigated and results showed microwave-induced H2O2-Fe (III)-Cu (II)/γ-Al2O3 process could achieve 99.41% PNP removal percentage, corresponding to 77.9% TOC removal in a given condition. The process remained effective in the 2-8 pH range with high reusability of Fe (III)-Cu (II)/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The kinetics study showed microwave-induced H2O2-Fe (III)-Cu (II)/γ-Al2O3 process could be divided into microwave induction stage and catalytic oxidation stage, both of which fitted first-order kinetics, with reaction rate constants of 0.0453 min-1 and 4.7552 min-1 respectively.
Sorption of Cr(VI) from Wastewater Using Modified Chitosan
Authors: He Yu Qiang , Zheng Tong , Hao Lin Lin , Wang Peng
Published: September 2013

Chitosan modified by microwave irradiation were used for hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solutions. Sorption parameters including pH, temperature, initial concentration and contact time have been investigated. The maximum sorption of Cr (VI) on modified chitosan occurs at pH 5,whereas the sorption capacities of modified chitosan were significant over pH 2 to 7. The results obtained from equilibrium sorption studies are fitted in various sorption models such as Langmuir and Freundlich and the model parameters have been evaluated. Maximum sorption capacity of was 147mg/g at 15°C. Kinetic models including Lagergren first-order and second-order were used to test kinetic data. The results showed that second-order has good agreement with experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters of the process were also. Thermodynamic parameters including free energy (DGo), entropy (DSo) and enthalpy (DHo) of sorption were also investigated at different temperatures. The negative values of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy changes for Cr (VI) indicated the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the sorption process.
Thermooxidative Aging Studies on Silicone Rubber and Lifetime Prediction
Authors: Wang You Shan , Jiang Sha Sha , Liu Yu Peng
Published: September 2013

Silicone rubber have been aged in air while under 25% compression at temperature up to 250°C. These studies examined the compression set of silicone rubber at accelerated (elevated) temperatures and were then used to make predictions about compression set at room temperature. The data obtained could be amenable to timetemperature superposition and Arrhenius treatment. The results suggest the presence of two degradation processes with activation energies of 71.6 kJ mol-1 (for temperatures above 165 °C) and 26.08 kJ mol-1 (for temperatures below 165 °C). Based on the extrapolation of the non-Arrhenius behavior, it was estimated that significant compression set loss would occur after around 67 years at 25 °C.
Performance and Influencing Factors of Phosphorus Removal in Two BAFs with Artificial Crystal Seed Media
Authors: Meng Jin Feng , Qiu Li Ping , Wang Jia Bin , Huang Kai , Wang Dong , Zhang Shou Bin
Published: September 2013

The phosphorus removal from low concentration phosphorus wastewater in two BAFs with different artificial crystal seed meida and the influence of HRT, Ca/P and pH on the treatment performance were investigated. The results showed that the artificial crystal media BAFs was more efficient than that of the current commercial filter media for phosphorus removal and recovery, and the suitable pH range of wastewater was also enlarged. When the initial phosphorus concentration was 10 mg/L, the optimum operational condition of steel slag base composite meida filter was HRT=30 min, n (Ca)/n (P)=1 and pH=8, as well as the optimum condition of water slag base composite media filter was HRT=60 min, n (Ca)/n (P)=2.5 and pH=8. XRD analysis showed that the reaction products of phosphorus removal by the two artificial crystal seed media filters were all hydroxy calcium phosphate, but its crystallinity was not high, which might due to the production of calcium carbonate in the reaction of phosphorus removal simultaneously.
Research on Methods of Treatment of S-Triazine Wastewater by UAOPs Enhanced METs
Authors: Song Tao Li , Yi Xue Nong , Li Zhi Qing , Jin Xin
Published: September 2013

The paper is researched the main applications of micro-electrolysis enhanced by united advanced oxidation processes (UAOPs): O3/UV/Fe (OUF) and micro-wave/Fenton (MWF). Better removal efficiency was found in O3/UV/Fe3+ (OUFIII) METs than O3/UV/Fe2+ (OUFII) METs in the same pH conditions. In acid condition, the best degradation rate 44.7% could be achieved in the whole study. However, a 37.3% decrease in TOC was observed in basic condition. An inflexion point was observed at 2 hour at different dosages of H2O2 by MWF METs, which were probably caused by the branched chains cleavage from the s-triazine ring. With H2O2 dosage of 10% and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) equals to 5 hours, a best deduction of 26.5% was observed. Nevertheless, it is suggested OUFIII technology was found to be the optimum enhanced METs for the treatment of s-triazine wastewater.
Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge by Addition of Food Waste
Authors: Han Li , Li Ru Ying , Ji Min
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the methane yield and removal efficiency of organic matters in anaerobic sludge digestion, effects of addition of food waste were investigated at mesophilic condition. Results showed that the optimal TS ratio between sewage sludge and food waste was 4:1, with a methane yield of 592.7 ml/g-VS, methane content of 66.84% and the VS removal efficiency of 31%, which were 47%, 50% and 55% higher than those of sole sludge digestion, respectively.
Acclimation of Granules when Treating Actual Coking Wastewater: Continuous versus Intermittent Oxygenation
Authors: Dong Chun Juan , Lu Hong Yu , Sun Ya Quan
Published: September 2013

Coupled anaerobicaerobic granular bio-film reactor was employed to acclimatize the granules when treating actual coking wastewater. Two oxygenation methods (i.e. A and B) were employed. For method A, dissolved O2was supplied to the reactor A (RA) through a continuous oxygenation way of 800-15000mlmin-1. And for method B, dissolved O2of 800-15000mlmin-1(18-12 times at 20-60min intervals, 1 h each time) was supplied to the reactor B (RB). The experimental results showed that it took only about 6 months for granules acclimation using actual coking wastewater. With inorganic carbon (NaHCO3) addition, both oxygenation methods could run well when acclimatizing the granules. However, method A could have comparatively high and stable operation effect. And the continuous oxygenation way was more suitable for the acclimation of the granules when treating actual coking wastewater than the intermittent oxygenation way.
Application of CYYF Whole Process Deodorization in Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Wu Lan , Gao Wen Liang , Liu Bao Yu
Published: September 2013

A new biological deodorization technology which is used in Tianjin Jizhuangzi Sewage Plant was introduced in this paper. The geographical position of Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Plant is special. The plant has been surrounded by the living area. The problem of odor to people has been serious until a new deodorization technology is used. It is a source deodorization technology used special filler through vaccination, induction and catalytic to removed the malodorous sources. A special microbial incubator is used to culture and proliferate effective deodorant microorganisms on activated sludge sewage in the biological pool of the plant and then the sludge containing deodorant microbial reflowed to the wastewater inlet. The malodorous substances in the water are removed through adsorption, cohesion, biotransformation degradation and so on by the deodorant microbial. The case indicates that this technology is effective in practice and good for popularization. And this technology with simple process showed significant effect compared with other deodorant technologies and was more secure and convenient to build and run with low cost.
Microbial Community Dynamics and Nutrient Removal Performances in A2O System Using Ultrasonic-Disintegrated Sludge Supernatant as Internal Carbon Source
Authors: Liu Ya Li , Yuan Yi Xing , Du Mao An
Published: September 2013

Ultrasonic-disintegrated sludge supernatant was supplemented into A2O system to assess the effects on nutrient removal performances and microbial community changes. In this experiment, easily biodegradable organics accounted for 50.6% of sludge supernatant, indicating its potential for biological nutrient removal. Simultaneously, during two-month operational period, the ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies improved to 92.3% and 93.5% from75.6% and 53.4%. Duo to the application of sludge supernatant, two microbial phyla, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, were primarily responsible for the biological nutrient removal. In particular, the sludge supernatant was selective for ammonia oxidizing bacteria Comamonas sp. and denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms Sphingobacterium.
Effect of Carbon Nitrogen Ratio on Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification via Nitrite Technology in Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor and the Process Control
Authors: Zhao Hui Wei , Zhang Ke Fang , Rong Hong Wei , Zhang Chao Sheng , Yang Zhi Wen
Published: September 2013

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of carbon nitrogen ratio (COD/N) on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) via nitrite technology in SBBR and the process control. Under the condition of different C/N ratios respectively 1.8, 3.6, 7,5,11.1 and 13.7, the various indices of the removal efficiency in the system and DO, ORP, and pH in the process of reaction were investigated. The C/N ratio was found to be an important limiting factor for SBBR simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite process. After integrating the factor of energy consumption and removal efficiency, we obtained that the optimum C/N ratios control range from 7.5 to 11.1, reaction time was between 225 min and 315 min, nitrite accumulation rate was between 72.83 % and 78.7 %, COD removal rate was between 92.31 % and 93.08 %, the total nitrogen removal rate was between 81.0 % and 85.86 %. For steady-state simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite process in SBBR, the jump point (C) on the DO, pH and ORP curve at reaction later period can be used as a control point to indicate the end of the reaction.
Microbial Community Analysis in Bio-Filter Bed of Iron and Manganese Removal Treating High Iron, Manganese and Ammonia Nitrogen Groundwater
Authors: Kang Xiao Rong , Liu Ya Li
Published: September 2013

The integrated process of spray aeration, falling water aeration and bio-filter bed was used for treating groundwater with high iron, manganese and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N). The removal efficiencies of iron, manganese and NH4+-N reached 99.1%, 95.0% and 85.2%, and corresponding effluent iron and manganese decreased to 0.1 and 0.05 mg/L. Microbial analysis results indicated that theβ-Proteobacteriawas predominant microorganisms, in whichGallionellaandLeptothrixwere main iron-removal bacteria and manganese-removal bacteria, respectively. Simultaneously,Pseudomona, belonged toγ-Proteobacteria, could absorb and oxidize free manganese to be manganese dioxide (MnO2) by extracellular oxidase.
Influence of Uniform Electric Field in Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soils
Authors: Xu Jin Lan , Sun Dong Dong , Huang Ting Lin , Han Long Fei
Published: September 2013

Electrokinetic remediation is an effective technology to enhance bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil as the transport process of non-polar organic contaminants in soil was promoted under low-power direct current electric fields. In this study three treatments including the application of electric field treatment alone, inoculation treatment alone, and combination of the application of electric field and inoculation treatment were carried out. The results indicated that highest removal efficiency was 83% in couple of the application of electric field and inoculation treatment. TPH concentration decreased from 6000 mg.kg-1 to 2000 mg.kg-1 when a 30 voltage direct current electric field was applied to oil-contaminated soil for 10 min after 4 days. It was observed that dehydrogenase activity had no increase after application direct current electric field. However, the TPH degradation efficiency was 52% higher than the control treatment. GC analysis showed that n-alkanes (C14-C31) were preferentially degraded, and soil remaindered more low quality compounds after the application of electric field treatment applied 52 days. These results indicated that the application of electric field improved degradation of inoculated bacteria through promoting the transport of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous and electron acceptors.
Comparative Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Soil by Natural Attenuation, Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation
Authors: Xu Jin Lan , Zhang Jie , Huang Ting Lin , Xi An Long
Published: September 2013

In most field studies, enhancing biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons depends on the specific microbial population present. It is a dispute whether inoculation microbial consortium improved the degradation of petroleum because indigenous microorganism can easily adapt to surroundings and contend for inoculation microbial consortium. Therefore, all of three technologies (natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation) were evaluated. After 8 weeks of bioremediation, it was observed that bioaugmentation most effectively removed 53% of oil under inoculation condition. Poor oil removal of below 4% was observed under natural attenuation without inoculation. In addition, it was found that the degradation of oil in oil-polluted soil followed second-order model and acquired the dynamics equations. The half-life of natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation was 833 days, 75days, 25days, respectively. The results indicated bioaugmentation could improve efficiently the degradation of TPH and shorten the bioremediation period.
Study and Analysis of the Impacts and Mechanisms of Intermittent Aeration and Movement Degree of Membrane on the Permeate Flux in a Submerged Membrane System
Authors: Lei Xiao Ling , Li Li , Wan Ji , He Dong Kui
Published: September 2013

This task studies the impacts and mechanisms of intermittent aeration and movement degree of membrane on the permeate flux in a submerged membrane system. The contents includes: Analysis of the effects of intermittent aeration on the membrane performance, modelling the experimental results and find out the mechanisms; Analysis of the effects of different movement degree of membrane on the permeate flux during the intermittent aeration process, modelling the experimental results and find out the mechanisms; Determination of the optimum membrane running conditions, including the most effective intensity of gas sparging, the most effective intermittent aeration cycle time and the most effective movement degree of membrane, etc. It shows that intermittent aerations between backwashing processes can significantly improve the membrane performance; the change of the movement degree (L/H),which means the ratio of the effective length and the effective vertical height) of membrane can affect the influences of intermittent aeration on the membrane performance significantly; the most effective intensity of gas sparging is 1.5L/h; the most effective intermittent aeration cycle time is 30min; the most effective movement degree of membrane is 1.07.The result of the research is good for the selection of operation condition and determination of running parameters of ultrafiltration membrane water supply process.
Effect of pH Value on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Biochemical Reactor
Authors: Rong Hong Wei , Lin Meng Xiang , Zhang Ke Fang , Zhang Chao Sheng , Xue Heng Ning , Luo Ming Jie
Published: September 2013

pH value is one of the most important factors which affect the nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the wastewater treatment process. The influences of potential of hydrogen on nitrogen and phosphorus removal of wastewater were studied in this study. The results revealed that: (1) faintly acidic environment was conducive to biological phosphorus removal in biochemical reactors with FeCl3, PFS and PAS but not with Al2(SO4)3.On the other hand, synergistic effect between the microorganism and coagulants ( FeCl3, PFS, Al2(SO4)3 and PAS) was confirmed in this study. (2) faintly acidic environment was favorable to the nitrogen removal in biochemical reactors with PFS and PAS while the faintly alkaline environment was conducive to the nitrogen removal with FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3. And there was no synergistic effect between the microorganism and coagulants.
COD Removal from Actual Coking Wastewater in a Granular Bio-Film Reactor
Authors: Dong Chun Juan , Geng Zhao Yu , Feng Mei Rong
Published: September 2013

To strengthen the COD removal from actual coking wastewater, a lab-scale granular bio-film reactor was continuously operated at three stages for about 9 months: anaerobic vs. micro-aerobic (over 2 months), with and without supplement of bicarbonate (over 2 months), and with and without supplement of diatomite (about 4 months).Compared with anaerobic condition, the micro-aerobic operation could strengthen COD removal in the actual coking wastewater and increase COD removal efficiency from 21.4% to 36.4%. At micro-aerobic operation conditions, the supplement of 3g.Linfluent-1 bicarbonate could distinctly increase COD average removal efficiency from 32.9% to 65.3%, and the supplement of 6g·L-1·d-1 diatomite could significantly increase COD average removal efficiency from 33.1% to 78.1%. The supplement of bicarbonate or diatomite for the granular bio-film reactor must be an effective way for the treatment of actual coking wastewater.
Improvement of Operational Performance of MBR with the Emphasis on Enhanced N and P Removal by Modification in Design
Authors: Zhang Kai Hai , Wang Bao Zhen
Published: September 2013

Membrane bio-reactor (MBR) is an innovative and effective wastewater treatment process, which has much more extra advantages than other processes. However, membrane fouling and high operational/maintenance costs are always two important factors that restrict the development of MBR. In order to alleviate membrane fouling, larger aeration rate is usually used, which increases the operational cost and decrease N and P removal efficiencies of MBR. This paper summarizes the pilot scale experimental study on the improvement of operational performance of MBR by its design modification from one cell into three cells with micro-aeration,normal aeration and enhanced aeration conditions respectively with the package of fibrous bio-film carrier and PAC. As the result, the effluent water quality was improved significantly and membrane fouling was alleviated remarkably.
Study on Treatment of Odor Containing H2S and NH3 by Industrial Scale Bio-Trickling Filters
Authors: Chen Yi Qing , Wu Jian Wei , Cai Wang Feng , Zhong Ying
Published: September 2013

The treatment of H2S and NH3 odor produced in sewage disposal process was carried out in industrial scale bio-trickling filters filled with different kinds of filler. The processing capacity per unit volume and the processing capacity per unit volume filler on odor removal performance for different bio-trickling filter were investigated. The results demonstrate that there are remarkable differences in deodorization performance between different kinds of bio-trickling filters.
Discussion on the Harm and Protection of Water Hammer of Cavities Collapsing during Long Distance Water Transfer Project
Authors: Zhao Li , Lu Yu Dong
Published: September 2013

In long distance water transfer project, the pipeline pressure caused by the change of hydraulic impact on pipeline is the most dangerous, which cavities hammer boost up to the general water several times, the tube explosion phenomenon is most caused by water hammer of cavities collapsing. After long-term practice, two-way surge tower and constant speed buffer air valve effect remarkable on water hammer of cavities collapsing.
Study on Pollution Status of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Typical Reservoirs in Liaoning Province
Authors: Mi Chen Xi
Published: September 2013

Through the analysis on the data of monitoring water quality of typical reservoirs in Liaoning province, the major reservoirs in the province are in the state of mesotrophication or even eutrophication. The main pollutants are DO-consumption organic pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. Despite years of special treatment, quality indexes about such nutrients are still high and they severely restrict improvement of the water quality. On the basis of the primary research, this article analyses the main reason for production of phosphorus and nitrogen, estimates the annual load of non point sources pollution and provides a basis for controlling of the pollution.
Features on Head Loss of Flocculation Tank Installed with Small Mesh Grid
Authors: Ai Heng Yu , Wang Ming Ming , Han Lu , Burigude  , Wei Bo , Jia Yan Qiu
Published: September 2013

Small mesh grid is mostly used as flocculation equipment in present water plant, and its head loss is closely related to flocculation effect. Flocculation tank installed with several grid groups in different mesh sizes were tested with a view to evaluating its head loss characteristics, including the frictional and local head losses. The tests were carried out at pilot scale, using a steel tank as flocculation basin. The grids are made of plastic material and the cross section size of the grid trips is 7 mm in width and 2 mm in height. The results indicate that relative roughness is most associated with frictional resistance coefficient (FRC), whereas Reynolds number was unrelated to that. The ratio of frictional head loss to total head loss of the basin does not vary with the variation of channel velocity, and the ratio is always less than 6% in this case. Local resistance coefficient (LRC) decreases with the increase of mesh size. In order to improve the utilization rate of head loss, the preferred mesh size of the grid should be 30-40 mm. The optimal space between the neighboring grid layers can maximize the utilization of turbulent kinetic energy loss generated by grids.
2-D and 3-D Numerical Simulation of High-Sludge Setting Tank in Water Treatment Plant
Authors: Lei Xiao Ling , Wan Ji , Chen Kun Ping , Tao Bo , Fang Xiao Tao
Published: September 2013

The 2-D and 3-D numerical model have been developed to predict flow state and outlet velocity distribution by FLUENT based on the high-sludge setting tank in a large scale water treatment plant in Chongqing, and physical model has been built to verify the rationality and accuracy of the models. With the comparison of the two models, the following results can be found: 3-D model is lower in computing efficiency; both of the flow state are in substantial, but the stream lines of 3-D model are more complex; The velocities of 2-D model are slightly higher, both of the velocity distributions and tendency are approximately identical in 5 to 6 meters and 14 to18 meters, but not the same in 6 to 14 meters. 3-D model is more reasonable and accurate compared with 2-D model.
Simulation Research of Effect of Salinity Wastewater Discharging Ways on Range of Salt Content Rise Nearby the Outfall
Authors: Chen Yao , Li Li , Yang Bai Lu , Li Chun Long
Published: September 2013

In order to study the effect of salinity wastewater discharging ways on the range of salt content rise nearby the outfall. Two three-dimensional numerical models of discharging ways which were single-port submerged-type and double-port submerged-type in the condition of subcritical flow were researched based on FLUENT. The range of salt content rise of the two discharging ways could be concluded according to the simulation results. The value of maximum salt concentration and average salt concentration of two discharging ways were compared and analyzed. The results showed that double-port submerged-type discharging way was better than single-port submerged-type discharging way.
Effect of Raw Water Characteristics on Sludge Reuse Process for Synthetic Low Temperature and Low Turbidity Water Treatment
Authors: Zhou Zhi Wei , Yang Yan Ling , Li Xing , Su Zhao Yang
Published: September 2013

Recycling ratio of mixed sludge and properties of raw water (such as pH, turbidity and organic matter concentration) were systematically investigated to optimize coagulation efficiency in current study. It was found that the appropriate recycling ratio of mixed sludge was 6%, effective initial turbidity were below 45.0 NTU, and optimal pH for dissolved organic matter and turbidity removal was 6.5-7.0 and 8.0, respectively. Residual dissolved alum (RDA) in treated water met the drinking water quality standard (<0.2 mg/L). Coagulation efficiency and RDA was not negatively influenced by organic matter concentration of 1.104-3.354mgDOC/L. Under above condition, sludge reuse process could be significant for the low temperature and low turbidity water treatment.
Comparative Analysis of Environmental Impacts between Dregs Disposal and Conventional Cement Production by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Authors: Fu Kan , Ren Xiao Yu , Lin Jin Quan , Yue Ping
Published: September 2013

The environmental impacts of the dregs disposal in cement kiln and conventional production were contrastively evaluated by life cycle assessment (LCA) in this study. The results showed that the environmental load ratio of both cement productions followed the order of energy depletion potential (EDP) > depletion potential (ADP) > global warming potential (GWP) > acidification potential (AP) > human toxicity (HT) > photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). The comprehensive environmental load of disposal dregs was 14.465×10-12/a, which was 3.98% lower than that of the conventional cement production. Moreover, the reduced percentage of the environmental load followed the order of HT> AP> POCP> EDP> ADP> GWP, which indicated that the reduced percentage of human toxicity and acidification reached 10.62% and 10.06% respectively. Thus, considering the environmental benefits, it would be a better method to dispose dregs instead of limestone in cement kiln.
Pretreatment Process of Nanofiltration for Silting Density Index Reduction in Drinking Water Treatment System
Authors: Wang Liang , Li Ying Chun , Zhao He , Zhang Zhao Hui , Zhao Bin , Zhang Hong Wei , Cui Ling Xue
Published: September 2013

Calcium ions, magnesium ions, and silicate were the main reasons for the high silting density index (SDI) of natural waters. Therefore, they posed serious membrane fouling problems in the nanofiltration (NF) system, which restricted the wide application of this excellent drinking water treatment technology. In this study, the sand filtration and the micro-flocculation/sand filtration hybrid process were investigated as the pretreatment process of NF for SDI reduction. Compared with the sand filtration, the hybrid process of micro-flocculation/sand filtration was more effective for SDI reduction. When polyaluminium chloride (PAC) was used as the flocculant at a dose of 10 mg/L and the filtration rate of the sand filter was controlled at 10 m/h, the SDI value in the effluent of the pretreatment process maintained below 3. As a result, the subsequent NF system stably ran for one year. 68% CODMn was removal by NF. The membrane fouling during the operation was quite slight as the transmembrane pressure (TMP) increased by 17% after one-year use. Chemical cleaning with sodium tripolyphosphate (2%) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (0.25%) at 6 months interval could effectively recover the flux loss of the NF membrane.
Preparation and Characterization of Stearic Acid-Modified Iron-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Zuo Jin Long , Tang Han Qiang , Nie Qian , Li Biao , Liu Zhi Wei
Published: September 2013

In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles composites were prepared by the micro emulsion method, above of all samples were characterized by FT-IR, XRD. Photo activities of Fe-TiO2, TiO2 were evaluated by degradation of oil-bearing wastewater. The results show that the photo activity of Fe-TiO2 was more than that of TiO2; the best presence of iron ion dopants in TiO2 was 0.04%. Used stearic acids as the surface modification agent, Fe-TiO2 were modified by situ surface modification. The results showed that the optimum conditions of stearic acid-Fe - TiO2 :Temperature (20°C), the modified time (45 min), the ratio modifier dosage tomagnetitemass (4%). Then we did the initial exploration of Fe-TiO2 Powder that was modified by stearic acid.
Characteristic Extraction of Fatigue Driver's EEG Signals Based on Wavelet Entropy
Authors: Zhang Ning Ning , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2013

This study aims to develop a method to detect drivers fatigue using the EEG signals. Experiments have been designed to test the subjects under simulated driving and actual driving, and the fatigue drivers Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were collected. Wavelet transform method was applied to de-noise the raw EEG data. The H, R (H=α/β; R= (α+θ)/β) wavelet entropy were calculated. The results show that the fatigue drivers H, R wavelet entropy decreased after rest (P<0.05). It is concluded that there are significant difference in brain function between fatigue states and recovered after rest. It is shown that H, R wavelet entropy is an effective eigenvalue to measure drivers fatigue.
Simulation Research on Plain 2-D Numerical Value of Submerged Spur Dike
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Guo Bin , Shang Qian Qian
Published: September 2013

Starting from the 2-D hydrodynamic equation and according to the feature of sudden change of water depths of front and rear edge for submerged spur dike, put forward the Grid Interface Water Depth Method and research the mathematical model of 2-D water flow for submerged spur dike. A rectangular water tank is designed with length of 30m and width of 1.6m, on one side of which five submerged spur dikes are arranged with length of 0.40m, width of 0.05m, height of 0.06m, and spacing between spur dikes of 0.80m. Use the test data of water tank to verify the 2-D mathematical model of average depth surface. The results show that the mathematical model results basically coincide with the measured data, showing this kind of numerical computation method is feasible.
Inefficiency of Stackelberg Stochastic Traffic Network with Tax Scheme
Authors: Zeng Ming Hua , Huang Xi Yan , Dong Ni , Yang Xiao Guang
Published: September 2013

Inefficiency upper bounds are explored in stochastic traffic network. Equilibrium flow pattern therein is deduced by a central Stackelberg strategy and tax schemes imposed on each link.. The equivalent variational inequality (VI) for Logit-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) model is established and first used to obtain upper bounds on Stackelberg network inefficiency under the assumption of separable, nondecreasing, and convex link time function and of fixed network origin-destination (OD) demand. For typical Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) functions and its affine forms, the upper bounds of their inefficiency are investigated with some meaningful results.
Path Optimization Design of Multimode Combined Transport Based on the Linear Programming Method
Authors: Zhu Min Jie , Zhang Jian Wei
Published: September 2013

A single mode of transportation can not satisfy the agile manufacturing, rapid response from the customer demand, logistics supply chain management, and many other aspects with the rapid development of economy. Multimodal combined transport provide the corresponding solutions. Multimodal combined transport helps to save transportation costs or to save transportation time. And multimodal combined transport has a great significance to improve the transportation service level ,to strengthen competition ability, to improve social comprehensive benefit. This article give an example from Liuzhou to Guangzhou. This article make a detailed scheme of Multimodal combined transport. In this paper, integrated transport path optimization model of multimodal combined transport of is set up with linear programming method. And integrated transport path optimization model is solved.Key words:Multimodal combined transport,Path optimization, Linear programming method
Real-Time Evacuation Path: Unexpectedly Increased Numbers of Evacuees in Source Nodes
Authors: Zhu Ji Ping , Wang Yun Long , Dong Xiao Xiao , Song Chao
Published: September 2013

When catastrophic events occurred, evacuation is important in the urban areas. The uncertainty of the incident should allow the system to be changed based on the new information. If the varying capacity and transport time of road network and priority evacuation areas are known, by CCRP (Capacity-Constrained Route Planning) evacuation strategies can be obtained. The paper highlights the need to evacuate a source point owing to unexpected increased population, on the basis of the original strategy, and the model can produce real-time evacuation policy information and guide the population to evacuate as soon as possible.
A Design Scheme of the Automatic Obstacle-Avoidance Car
Authors: Qiao Guo Chang , Qiao Deng Bin
Published: September 2013

This design is an implementation method based on the "automatic obstacle avoidance car", which gravitational potential energy can be converted into mechanical energy and driving as the motivation .This car can automatically avoid obstacles on the track settings in advance. The greatest feature of the car is during its operation, accelerating first then maintaining a constant speed, so that less energy consumption are required. Besides that, the walking track is closing to the sinusoidal curve. The convenient manufacture has a simple structure as well as high transmit efficiency.
Development of Automobile Drive Shaft Automatic Welding Machine
Authors: Bu Tie Wei
Published: September 2013

Automobile drive shafts is a rotary body weldment, for welding is difficult, requires high quality. The traditional welding way by human factors, is unable to keep the stable welding quality. In order to solve the problem of welding quality and welding efficiency in automobile drive shaft manufacturing process, automobile drive shaft automatic welding machine has been developed based on PLC. And the welding machine Real-time control on welding process through the control system , ensure the quality of welding stability, improve production efficiency.