bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current treatment and future directions in the management of anal cancer
Authors: Tchelebi Leila T. , Eng Cathy , Messick Craig A. , Hong Theodore S. , Ludmir Ethan B. , Kachnic Lisa A. , Zaorsky Nicholas G.
Published: November 2021

Although rare, the rate of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is rising globally. Most patients present with nonmetastatic disease and are curable with appropriate treatment, which has evolved significantly over the last several decades. Before the 1970s, SCCA was managed with radical surgery, resulting in a permanent colostomy. Researchers found that preoperative treatment with chemotherapy and concurrent radiation could achieve a pathologic complete response. After this observation, definitive therapy shifted from radical surgery to sphincter‐preserving chemoradiation. Investigations into the necessity of chemotherapy and the optimal regimen found that chemotherapy with mitomycin‐C and 5‐fluorouracil is required for cure. Further studies evaluating the addition of induction or maintenance chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody therapy, or higher radiation doses have demonstrated no significant benefit to disease control. Advanced radiation delivery with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy techniques is now considered the standard of care because of its prospectively determined, favorable acute toxicity profile compared with 3‐dimensional conformal radiation. It is important to note that chemoradiation treatment response may be slow (up to 26 weeks) and should be assessed through serial clinical examinations. Today, surgical management of SCCA is reserved only for the lowest risk, early stage tumors or for recurrent/persistent disease. Current studies are evaluating radiation dose de‐escalation in early stage disease and radiation dose escalation and the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors in locally advanced cancers. In reviewing how and why modern‐day treatment of SCCA was established, the objective of this report is to reenforce adherence to current treatment paradigms to assure the best possible outcomes for patients.
Tick Borne Encephalitis
Authors: Dobler Gerhard
Published: November 2021

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the medically most common tick-borne viral disease in Europe and Asia.

The TBE virus (TBEV) is a member of the family Flaviviridae.

Transmission mainly to humans occurs by ticks of the Family Ixodidae, mainly the castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus) in Europe and the taiga tick (Ixodes persulcatus) in Asia. Rarely TBEV is also transmitted by contaminated milk of infected ungulates (goat, sheep, cow).

The clinical course of TBE is variable and may range from subclinical to fatal encephalomyelitis. Probably host and viral factors are involved in the pathogenesis of disease.

So far, no specific treatment of the disease is available.

The only effective prevention of TBE is vaccination. A number of different vaccines are available worldwide. In Europe two vaccines are licensed which contain inactivated European subtype TBEV.

Probably the European vaccines protect also against infections with other subtypes of TBEV.
Vaccines for Travelers
Authors: Steffen Robert
Published: November 2021

When counselling travelers about the need, benefits and risks of travel vaccines, the following factors must be considered:

Environmental factors, e.g., destination, duration of exposure (including expected cumulative life-time exposure), epidemiological situation, travel style (low budget associated with higher risk), travel purpose (visiting friends or relatives [VFR] - often results in higher risk)

Host factors include e.g. age, origin (potential exposure at home vs. at destination, is there an incremental risk?), pre-existing illness, particularly immune suppression (e.g. HIV, medication), pregnancy, nursing

A structured discussion about required, routine and recommended vaccinations is beneficial

Required by destination country: yellow fever (special rules based on the International Health Regulations), meningococcal disease (Hajj), COVID-19

Routine: usual childhood / adolescence / adult / senior citizen vaccinations. Programs differ between countries. Some proof of vaccination may be required for schools mainly in North America.

Recommended: depending on exposure to risk (incidence rate, also incremental risk compared to home country), impact of infection, cost of vaccines, etc.

Essentials when protecting travelers against vaccine preventable diseases:

Set correct priorities; base decisions on epidemiological evidence; consider contraindications

Always state that

No vaccine is 100% effective;

All vaccines may have adverse reactions, rarely serious ones.
Pengaruh ASI Eksklusif dan Susu Formula terhadap Berat Badan Bayi
Authors: Muthoharoh Husnul
Published: November 2021

The first and main nutrient intake of breastfed infants is urgently needed for the process of growth and development. The purpose of this is to find out the influence of exclusive breast milk and formula on the baby's weight in Posyandu Jatipayak Village Modo-Lamongan. This study uses an observational design of case-control analytic approach that aims to distinguish weight infants at age 1-6 months of exclusive breastfeeding and infant formula. The research instrument was used in the form of interviews and observations with a population of all infants aged 1 – 6 months who qualify for inclusion criteria who were 30 toddlers and using a simple random sampling technique. Results of research that babies who are breastfed exclusively have the majority of normal weight increase of 60%, whereas infants who received formula milk most have an abnormal weight gain of 86.67%. Based on the results of Chi-Square X² = 5.167> 3.841. This study rejects the Ho that proves that there are differences in body weight in infants aged 1-6 months of exclusive breastfeeding and infant formula. The result of this research is expected mothers to provide breast milk as the best food for babies up to age 6 months.
Inovasi Pelaksanaan Posyandu Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Studi Kualitatif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Campalagian
Authors: Najdah Najdah , Nurbaya Nurbaya
Published: November 2021

Posyandu cadres play an important role in assisting Public Health Center in carrying out the functions of implementing health efforts and have a strategic position to prevent stunting problems, especially in time the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to describe the implementation of Integrated Health Post (Posyandu) in the working area of ​​the Campalagian Health Center during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. This study qualitative used a phenomenology approach which was carried out in the working area of ​​the Campalagian Health Center in July - September 2020. A total of 10 Posyandu cadres were the main informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews for 60 – 90 minutes conducted at the homes of Posyandu cadres while still paying attention to health protocols. Cadres did not carry out Posyandu in April and May 2020 following local government regulations or in certain months when there was an increase in cases of Covid-19 in the area. In implementing the Posyandu during the pandemic, cadres made several innovations such as setting up emergency handwashing facilities, arranging visit schedules, and the distance of waiting chairs at the Posyandu, requiring them to bring their own sharoong from home for weighing toddlers and disinfecting the Posyandu room. In conclusion, cadres make innovations in the implementation of Posyandu during the pandemic such as preparing emergency hand washing facilities, arranging visit schedules and waiting chair spacing at Posyandu, requiring them to bring their own gloves and disinfecting the Posyandu room. The implementation of Posyandu during the Covid-19 pandemic can prevent an increase in nutritional problems in mothers and stunting problems in toddlers. Therefore, the local government is expected to support the implementation of Posyandu routinely such as ensuring the availability of PPE for posyandu cadres, mothers and toddlers. So that Posyandu can still be implemented while still observing health protocols.
Medical Humanism or Scientia Sexualis? Building a Sexological Concept in Fécondité
Authors: Duffy Larry
Published: November 2021

This article argues that Zola's late novel Fécondité, while on the surface a transparently didactic roman à thèse articulating populationist concerns, is in fact at the same time a roman de mœurs implicated genealogically in a broader range of issues than pro-natalist ethics and various behavioural and therapeutic bêtes noires, containing identifiable traces of other contemporary pathological concerns, contingently marshalled for pro-natalist ends. Exploiting the terminological flexibility of what Peter Cryle and Alison Moore have referred to as a long-established ‘constellation of themes’ constituted by ‘impotence, frigidity and sterility’, Fécondité participates in the fin-de-siècle production of a key sexological concept. It does so through relentless deployment of the malleable motif of female sexual coldness – a signifier of pathological conditions named in contemporary medical and pseudo-medical literature as ‘frigidité’, ‘froideur’, and so on – and its polyvalent application to distinct pathologies manifesting in a variety of its female characters, in particular inabilities to desire, to conceive, and, significantly, to climax. Zola's novel appears at a moment where women's sexual pleasure was becoming normalised, to the extent that its absence now counted as a pathological disorder; Fécondité deploys tropes of coldness – consequential upon anti-reproductive practices – to suggest that it is attempted disruption of the natural reproductive order that ensures such disordered absence. Ultimately, while Fécondité is readable as didactic expression of a ‘humanitarian’ natalist ethics and representation of doctor-patient encounters, treatment, experience of illness and other ‘medical humanities’ concerns, it is however important not to overlook this representation's discursive contingencies, particularly the coalescence of sexological and populationist concerns at a moment when both were of considerable significance. Fécondité in this sense straddles two major fin-de-siècle discursive economies, offering an ideal object for a critical medical humanities valuing the pathological as well as the pathographical.
Highlanders and the City: Migration, Segmentation, and the Image of the Highlander in Early Modern London, 1603-c.1750
Authors: Kennedy Allan
Published: November 2021

The study of Scottish migration in the early modern period has experienced extensive growth in recent decades, but has tended to privilege overseas movement over the presence of Scots elsewhere in Britain. This is particularly true of migrants from the Scottish Highlands: much has been written about Highlanders in America or Continental Europe, but almost nothing is known about their experiences in England and Wales, and in particular in London, consistently the major destination of Scots moving southwards. This article seeks to address that gap by exploring the extent and nature of Highland migration to London during the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. It begins by surveying the surviving evidence for Highlanders’ presence in the English capital, suggesting that they were most readily to be found in the elite and mercantile sectors, and were comparatively rarer among the ranks of artisans, professionals, or the poor. It is also argued that Highlanders tended not to form a coherent ethnic ‘bloc’, but instead were subsumed within the wider Scottish diaspora. This, however, was paradoxical, because London was during this period developing a strong image of ‘the Highlanders’ as distinctive from ‘the Scot’. The article therefore goes on to explore the origins of Highlander imagery, and concludes that those Highlanders actually resident in London contributed very little to it. Instead, image-makers drew predominantly on pre-existing Scottish stereotypes, travellers’ reports, outlaw tales, and political discourse, for example surrounding Jacobitism. All of this suggests a degree of invisibility around the Highland community in early modern London, and that, the article suggests, underlines the fundamental blurriness of the Highland/Lowland divide within Scotland. It also indicates that a segmented, rather than ethno-cultural model of assimilation might offer the most reliable means of understanding the Scottish diaspora in early modern London.
Türkiye’de İş Hayatında Yönetimde Kadın Olmak: Cam Tavan ve Cam Uçurum Kavramları Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma | Being a Woman in Management in Business Life in Turkey: A Qualitative Study on Concepts Glass Cliff and Glass Ceiling
Authors: KARAKUŞ Esra
Published: November 2021

Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri, kültür tarafından cinsiyetlere atfedilen, "kadınlık" ve "erkeklik" rolleridir. Hâkim kültür, bireyden cinsiyeti ile ilişkili olarak birtakım rolleri yerine getirmesini beklemektedir. Bu beklentiler, kültürden kültüre farklılık gösterse de temelde erkek egemen toplum yapısının yansıması olarak toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerinin deneyimlenmesine ve bu yolla eşitsizliklerin yeniden inşa edilmesine neden olmaktadır. Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizlikleri her alanda olduğu gibi ekonomi alanındaki kurumsal yapıların işleyişine de yansımaktadır. Kurumsal yapılar, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerinin gözlemlenebileceği mikro kültür alanlarıdır. Kadının çalışma hayatında var olma mücadelesi onun, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizlikleri ile özel alanın yanında kamusal alanda da mücadele etmesine neden olmaktadır. Cam tavan kavramı, kadınların kurumsal liderlikte kendinden ve toplumsal yapıdan kaynaklı engellemelerle mücadele ettiğini ve bir noktadan sonra yükselmelerinin engellendiğini anlatmak için kullanılmaktadır. Cam uçurum kavramı ise kadınların liderlik mücadelesinde cam tavan kavramının aksine terfi alabildiklerini ancak söz konusu terfilerin çalıştıkları kurumların kriz dönemlerinde gerçekleştiğine işaret etmektedir. Bu haliyle “cam uçurum” metaforu ile krizde olan kurumlarda başarısızlığın sorumluluğunun ve faturasının kadınlara kesilmesi durumu anlatılmak istenmektedir. Bu çerçevede çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de çalışan kadınların çalıştıkları kurum içerisindeki terfi deneyimlerini cam tavan ve cam uçurum bağlamında araştırmaktır. Çalışma, cam tavan ve cam uçurum kavramları bağlamında kadınların iş yerindeki deneyimlerini (“işe alım”, “işte yükseliş”, “işten ayrılma”) anlamak açısından önem taşımaktadır. Sonuç olarak araştırma bulguları çalışan kadınların belli bir kısmının "cam uçurum" olgusunu deneyimlemekle beraber temelde kadınların, "cam tavana" takıldıklarını ortaya koymaktadır.
THE RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF CASES DIAGNOSED WITH KAWASAKI DISEASE
Authors: AKYÜZ ÖZKAN Esra , AYÇİÇEK DİNÇER Tuğba
Published: November 2021

Aim: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile disease of childhood with vasculitis. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of KD cases diagnosed and treated in the Pediatric Clinic of our hospital in the last decade.
Material and Method: Forty five patients diagnosed with KD and treated between 01 January 2010 and 01 January 2020 was included in the study. The demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings, and treatment processes of the patients were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: Of the 45 patients 23 (51.2%) were male. The mean age was 35.26 ± 28.16 months. The average duration of fever was 7,16±3.5 day. The patients were most frequently admitted in the spring (31.1%; 14 patients), and winter (31.1%; 14 patients). Twenty two (71.1%) of the patients diagnosed as complete KD, 13 (28.8%) patients were diagnosed as incomplete KD. While coronary involvement was present in 16 patients (35.5%), 29 patients (64.4%) didn’t. The mean platelet count was higher in patients with coronary involvement (p=0.006).
Conclusion: Cardiac involvement was observed at a rate of 35.5%. Platelet levels were higher in those with cardiac involvement. Considering that the platelet level increases in the subacute period in KD, it can be inferred as a result of an increase in cardiac involvement in patients who were admitted to the hospital late. Therefore the awareness of pediatricians about incomplete KD forms should be increased in addition to KD.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TALKING STICK PADA MATERI LINGKARAN SISWA KELAS VIII MTs NURUL IMAN
Authors: Laila Aisyah  , Siti Khabibah  , Nihayatus Sa’adah
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini di latarbelakangi oleh fakta bahwa guru di MTs Nurul Iman masih menggunakan ceramah sebagai satu-satunya metode pembelajaran. Pembelajaran tersebut dapat mengakibatkan siswa kurang antusias ketika pembelajaran, banyak siswa yang kurang memahami materi serta banyak siswa yang diam dan malu bertanya. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan hasil belajar siswa rendah. Dengan menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe talking stick diharapkan dapat membuat siswa aktif dalam pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe talking stick pada materi lingkaran yang ditinjau dari aktivitas belajar siswa, hasil belajar siswa dan respon siswa. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan One-Shot Case Study. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 14 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, tes dan angket dengan menggunakan instrumen lembar observasi aktivitas siswa, lembar tes hasil belajar dan lembar angket respon siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Aktivitas belajar siswa tergolong aktif dengan hasil persentase 64,3%. (2) Hasil belajar siswa tidak tuntas dengan hasil persentase 42,9%. (3) Respon siswa yaitu positif dengan hasil persentase secara klasikal yaitu 77,8%.

Kata Kunci: pembelajaran, kooperatif, talking stick, lingkaran
KUALITAS PELAYANAN PENDIDIKAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 PROGRAM STUDI TADRIS KIMIA FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UIN ANTASARI BANJARMASIN
Authors: Ardian Trio Wicaksono  , Dewi Purboningsih
Published: November 2021

pendidikan dari secara langsung menjadi online. Pelayanan pendidikan yang dilakukan secara langsung tentu berbeda dengan kualitas pelayanan yang dilakukan secara online yang dirasakan oleh mahasiswa selaku pengguna pelayanan pendidikan. Kualitas pelayanan pendidikan yang ingin diketahui difokuskan terhadap 3 bidang yakni bidang informasi, bimbingan dan kesejahteraan. Bidang informasi meliputi informasi lisan dan informasi tertulis. Bidang bimbingan meliputi akademik, mengatasi kesulitan belajar, mengatasi masalah pribadi, pendidikan dan pengajaran serta praktik keilmuan. Bidang kesejahteraan meliputi pemberian beasiswa dan keringanan uang kuliah tunggal. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan pendidikan pada masa pandemi Covid-19 Program Studi Tadris Kimia pada bidang informasi, bimbingan dan kesejahteraan dan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian lapangan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan wawancara secara online melalui google meet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan pendidikan pada bidang informasi, bimbingan dan kesejahteraan tergolong baik dan terdapat berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhinya.

Kata Kunci: kualitas, pelayanan pendidikan, masa pandemi.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK PAIR SHARE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA TENTANG HAKIKAT WACANA PADA MATAKULIAH WACANA BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Nahnu Robid Jiwandono
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa terkait hakikat wacana pada Matakuliah Wacana Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa semester V yang sedang menempuh Matakuliah Wacana Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan tindakan berupa penerapaan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan tes akhir siklus yang berisi soal sesuai indikator pemahaman konsep. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Pada siklus pertama, hasil tes menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa mendapatkan hasil kurang maksimal. Pemahaman mahasiswa terkait wacana dapat dikatakan masih kurang. Selanjutnya dilakukan tindakan penerapan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share dengan fokus pada pemantapan konsep terakit hakikat wacana. Pada siklus kedua ini, didapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan terkait hasil belajar mahasiswa. Jadi, indikator keberhasilan sudah tercapai sehingga tidak perlu dilaksanakan siklus selanjutnya. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Think Pair Share terbukti dapat meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa terkait hakikat wacana.

Kata Kunci: Wacana Bahasa Indonesia, Think Pair Share
The Development of Diorama Media as a Covid-19 Educational Means in 2021
Authors: Rohmatul Laili Intan , Asmarani Ratih
Published: November 2021

The development of this diorama media was motivated by several gaps, including: 1) students had never received interesting education about covid-19, 2) diorama media did not teach students to understand covid-19, 3) general students did not understand about covid-19 yet, so the development of three dimensions model media and their implementation was carried out at Mundusewu Primary School 3 Jombang. Based on the problems that have been described, this development aims to determine the process of developing diorama media for fourth grade students at Mundusewu Primary School 3 Jombang and understand the implementation of it. The research method used is research and development, modified by the Sugiyono and Borg and Gall models as needed. The assessment of the diorama media is carried out by material experts, media experts, users or educators and fourth grade students. The results of the research showed the percentage of media experts was 79.41%. In stage I, the percentange of material experts was 86.11%. Then, in stage 2 the percentange of material expert became 88.88%. In addition, the results of users or educators are 94.4%. The product test resulted 6 students were in the category of very attractive with a percentage of 92.59%, and the usability test for 15 students reach a percentage of 98.45% which is included in the very attractive category. Based on the results of data analysis in general, it can be concluded that the diorama media is feasible to be developed as a learning media.
The Potentials of Research and Policies on Active Ageing: From MOPACT and EXTEND to EIWO
Authors: Naegele Gerhard
Published: November 2021

EIWO – ‘Exclusion and inequality in late working life: Evidence for policy innovation towards inclusive extended work and suitable working conditions in Sweden and Europe’ (start 2020) – is the third project in a series of interdisciplinary projects on ‘ageing in the world of work’. EIWO is being carried out in selective EU-member states that have dealt with how the measuring of ‘success and failure factors’ can be used to extend working life (EWL) at the various levels (micro, meso, and macro). The author of this text is involved in all three projects: work package leader for MOPACT WP 3, principal investigator for EXTEND, and scientific advisor for EIWO. MOPACT WP 3 – Mobilisation the potential of active ageing: Extending working lives (2013 – 2017) – compared EU-wide efforts to extend working life with respect to ‘good practices’ on all levels and served as a starting point for EU-wide recommendations for action. EXTEND – Social inequalities in extending working lives of an ageing workforce: Old and new social inequalities in age-related occupational retirement and pension transitions (2017 - 2019) – focused on social inequalities in the transition phase to retirement and therefore implicitly on socially-selected possibilities and chances of realising a longer working life, including, for example, the professional care sector. EXTEND’s recommendations for action related primarily to preventive measures, above all securing and promoting employability to avoid emerging and/or deepening social inequalities mainly through involuntary/forced early exit. EIWO explicitly takes a life course perspective into account to better recognise and classify exclusion from and social inequalities in the late phases of employment biographies, which have been less pronounced in both MOPACT WP 3 and EXTEND, but with leading insights. This paper places these three projects in an overall context and draws relevant conclusions from the EIWO research perspective aimed at understanding a ‘social life course policy’ that considers employees’ biographies and therefore explicitly a gender perspective as reference points.
MAKNA REPRESENTASI TOKOH ARINI SEBAGAI OBYEK PATRIARKI DALAM FILM ARINI
Authors: Purwanti Angel , Suana Sri
Published: November 2021

Film Arini (2018) mengangkat kisah tentang wanita yang terluka oleh seorang pria, di mana karakter Arini memiliki kelebihan dalam pekerjaan tetapi menderita karena kurangnya masalah dalam kehidupan sosial, yang menjadikan Arini sebagai objek patriarki pria. Dengan latar belakang ini, peneliti tertarik untuk mencari tahu lebih lanjut tentang patriakri karakter Arini dalam film. Ideologi akan ditampilkan pada level ideologi yang menjadikan karakter objek patriarki yang digambarkan dalam film arini (2018). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menunjukkan dan memahami makna representasi sosok perempuan yang digunakan sebagai objek patriarki sebagaimana diwakili dalam Arini (2018) dengan metode analisis semiotik John Fiske akan mengungkapkan menggunakan tingkat realitas, representasi, dan ideologi . Penelitian ini berfokus pada kehidupan wanita yang dikendalikan sebagai objek patriarki, termasuk wanita yang lemah, hanya digunakan sebagai objek minat pria, yang mengakibatkan beberapa efek budaya patriarki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Arini sebagai objek laki-laki Nick dan Helmi yang membuatnya memiliki perilaku patuh dan patuh serta mengalami efek kekerasan patriarki, subordinasi, dan perceraian.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY EDU VISIT PT GARUDA MAINTENANCE FACILITY AEROASIA, TBK
Authors: Aulia Sella Lovityo , Dwianjani Chrisentia Flavia , Rubiyanto Rubiyanto
Published: November 2021

PT Garuda Maintenance Facility, AeroAsia, Tbk (GMF) is a state-owned company engaged in the aircraft maintenance and repair service industry in Indonesia, or Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul abbreviated as MRO. One of the activities carried out is Corporate Social Responsibility / CSR, which is named ‘edu visit’. Since 2002, edu visits have provided opportunities for the public, especially students and university students to visit GMF, who want to know about aerospace. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview to readers about the activity of edu visits, the constraints and solutions undertaken. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The data were obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. Researchers use Legitimacy Theory and the concept of CSR to answer the research objectives. The results can be illustrated that the edu visit activity has been carried out by the company implementing the legitimacy effectiveness and the right CSR concept. External and internal obstacles can be resolved through communication and coordination with other divisions within the company.

Keyword: Corporate Social Responsibility, Legitimacy Theory
GELIAT KONVERGENSI MEDIA CETAK LOKAL
Authors: Leksmana Aji , Mayasari Mayasari , Poerana Ana Fitriana
Published: November 2021

Surat kabar yang merupakan media informasi tertua di bumi kini tengah mengalami kemunduran sejak tumbuh dan berkembangnya teknologi informasi. teknologi digital dan internet menjadi salah satu determinan penting dalam memunculkan perangkat media digital berbasih multimedia. Sebelumnya, kehadiran media baru yang lebih senior seperti televisi dan radio sudah mengubah pola dan minat masyarakat dalam menginsumsi informasi, namun kini internet mengubah secara brutal pola kebiasaan masyarakat dalam mengonsumsi informasi, hal ini jelas merupakan ancaman bagi media cetak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian deskriptif bukan hanya menjabarkan (analitis), tetapi juga memadukan (sintetis). Bukan hanya melakukan klasifikasi, tetapi juga organisasi. Dari penelitian deskriptiflah dikembangkan berbagai penelitian korelasional dan eksperimental (Jalaludin Rakhmat, 2012: 26). Sementara tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui model konvergensi yang diadopsi oleh Harian Umum Pasundan Ekspres di tengah tuntutan digitalisasi media yang terus berkembang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sejak 2019 Pasundan Ekspres menerapkan model konvergensi news gathering yang selanjutnya menghasilkan konvergensi content berdasarkan tiga model konvergensi menurut Grant (2009), di mana wartawan harus mampu untuk menjadi wartawan yang multitasking atau mampu bekerja untuk beberapa platform sekaligus untuk menyokong produktifitas platform online dan cetak sekaligus.
KONSTRUKSI KOMODIFIKASI MEDIA KOMUNIKASI UNTUK KAMPANYE KESEHATAN DI INSTAGRAM DALAM PENCEGAHAN VIRUS CORONA PADA NEW ERA MASYARAKAT 5.0
Authors: Oisina Situmeang Ilona Vicenovie , Situmeang Ivonne Ruth
Published: November 2021

Virus Corona merupakan salah satu virus yang ditakuti oleh seluruh umat manusia didunia ini karena merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus yang mematikan umat manusia. Hingga saat ini belum ditemukan vaksin maupun obat yang dapat menyembuhkan virus ini. Sejak virus corona menyebar keseluruh dunia, tingkat kepedulian masyarakat dunia mulai bertambah akan pentingnya menjaga pola hidup sehat dan mulai berperan membagikan informasi penting dalam bentuk kampanye tentang Kesehatan tersebut ke teman dan masyarakat secara umum. Salah satu media yang digunakan untuk berbagi tersebut adalah media Instagram. dikarenakan media instagram merupakan salah satu media social yang banyak digunakan. Media Instagram merupakan salah satu media kampanye Kesehatan yang sering digunakan kementerian, pemerintah swasta, komunitas maupun perorangan dalam menyampaikan pesan kampanye Kesehatan. Yang menjadi pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kampanye sosial diinstagramdalam melakukan pencegahan terhadap virus corona di New Era 5.0 Society. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori difusi inovasi dengan konsep komunikasi persuasive, kampanye sosial, pemanfaatan media sosial untuk pesan kampanye dan Virus Corona. Pendekatan penelitian: kualitatif. Paradigma penelitian: paradigma post-positivisme. Tipe penelitian: eksploratif. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa pengguna media instargram baik dari kementerian, pemerintah, komunitas maupun dari perorangan merancang terlebih dahulu konten dan video yang menarik akan dibagikan agar menimbulkan daya Tarik bagi orang yang melihatnya.
Do Bioinoculants Affect Resident Microbial Communities? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cornell Calvin , Kokkoris Vasilis , Richards Andrew , Horst Christina , Rosa Daniel , Bennett Jonathan A. , Hart Miranda M.
Published: November 2021

There is a global industry built upon the production of “bioinoculants,” which include both bacteria and fungi. The recent increase in bioinoculant uptake by land users coincides with a drive for more sustainable land use practices. But are bioinoculants sustainable? These microbes are believed to improve plant performance, but knowledge of their effect on resident microbial communities is scant. Without a clear understanding of how they affect soil microbial communities (SMC), their utility is unclear. To assess how different inoculation practices may affect bioinoculant effects on SMC, we surveyed the existing literature. Our results show that bioinoculants significantly affect soil microbial diversity and that these effects are mediated by inoculant type, diversity, and disturbance regime. Further, these changes to soil microbes affect plant outcomes. Knowledge that these products may influence crop performance indirectly through changes to soil microbial diversity attests to the importance of considering the soil microbiome when assessing both bioinoculant efficacy and threats to soil ecosystems.
An Antioxidant Enzyme Therapeutic for Sepsis
Authors: Li Feifei , Yan Ran , Wu Jun , Han Zeren , Qin Meng , Liu Chaoyong , Lu Yunfeng
Published: November 2021

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infections that may lead to organ dysfunction with high mortality. With the rapid increase in the aging population and antimicrobial resistance, developing therapeutics for the treatment of sepsis has been an unmet medical need. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during inflammation is associated with the occurrence of sepsis. We report herein a treatment for sepsis based on PEGylated catalase, which can effectively break down hydrogen peroxide, a key component of ROS that is chemically stable and able to diffuse around the tissues and form downstream ROS. PEGylated catalase can effectively regulate the cytokine production by activated leukocytes, suppress the elevated level of AST, ALT, TNF-α, and IL-6 in mice with induced sepsis, and significantly improve the survival rate.
Developing Resilience to Emergencies: Evaluation of Thermal Indices and Outdoor Comfort Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Adekunle Timothy O.
Published: November 2021

This research discusses thermal indices and outdoor comfort before and during the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in three counties in Connecticut (41.6032°N, 73.0877°W), United States. The counties are Fairfield, Hartford, and New Haven. Existing research noted that people residing in highly populated urban and low-income areas are disproportionately affected by the pandemic and subject to health, heat, and cold stress-related problems. As a result, the study is motivated to examine outdoor comfort and thermal indices in the counties that account for over 75% of the population in the state. The specific aim of the study is to examine outdoor comfort and thermal indices a year before and during the pandemic to determine if the pandemic significantly affects outdoor occupants and their overall well-being. Due to lesser activities observed during the pandemic than before the pandemic, the research questions include 1) Does the pandemic year provide a more comfortable thermal environment for outdoor occupants than the period before the pandemic? 2) Does the period provide a cleaner environment with no thermal or cold stress to occupants than before the pandemic? The research approaches include the field data recorded in 2019 and 2020. The research also utilized observations and mathematical models. The findings revealed that the mean monthly temperatures varied from −3.2°C to 25.2°C and relative humidity ranged from and 62.6–70.7%. The study revealed cold stress in wintertime, especially in Fairfield. Heat stress is also noted in summertime across the counties. New Haven is more prone to heat stress than other counties because of some factors (such as climate change, lesser land area, higher incidence from solar radiation, etc.). Higher thermal indices are reported in 2020 (during the pandemic) than the indices computed for 2019 (pre-pandemic) which could influence thermal comfort, health, and well-being of people. The indices are strongly influenced by outdoor temperatures and dew-point. A combination of some environmental variables such as temperature and wind speed also have significant effects on the indices. The study recommends that the use of clean energy for running infrastructure systems would help in mitigating the impact of climate change in various locations. The investigation suggests that a thorough evaluation of environmental conditions and interventions should be explored for developing resilience to emergencies in cities and urban areas. The research outcomes provide useful information for designers, planners, stakeholders, policymakers, etc., to develop pathways for achieving resilient zero-carbon cities in various places.
CRISPR/Cas System and Factors Affecting Its Precision and Efficiency
Authors: Javaid Nasir , Choi Sangdun
Published: November 2021

The diverse applications of genetically modified cells and organisms require more precise and efficient genome-editing tool such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas). The CRISPR/Cas system was originally discovered in bacteria as a part of adaptive-immune system with multiple types. Its engineered versions involve multiple host DNA-repair pathways in order to perform genome editing in host cells. However, it is still challenging to get maximum genome-editing efficiency with fewer or no off-targets. Here, we focused on factors affecting the genome-editing efficiency and precision of CRISPR/Cas system along with its defense-mechanism, orthologues, and applications.
An Overview of in vivo Functions of Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate Revealed by Their Deficient Mice
Authors: Mizumoto Shuji , Yamada Shuhei
Published: November 2021

Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) are covalently attached to specific core proteins to form proteoglycans in their biosynthetic pathways. They are constructed through the stepwise addition of respective monosaccharides by various glycosyltransferases and maturated by epimerases as well as sulfotransferases. Structural diversities of CS/DS and HS are essential for their various biological activities including cell signaling, cell proliferation, tissue morphogenesis, and interactions with a variety of growth factors as well as cytokines. Studies using mice deficient in enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the CS/DS and HS chains of proteoglycans have demonstrated their essential functions. Chondroitin synthase 1-deficient mice are viable, but exhibit chondrodysplasia, progression of the bifurcation of digits, delayed endochondral ossification, and reduced bone density. DS-epimerase 1-deficient mice show thicker collagen fibrils in the dermis and hypodermis, and spina bifida. These observations suggest that CS/DS are essential for skeletal development as well as the assembly of collagen fibrils in the skin, and that their respective knockout mice can be utilized as models for human genetic disorders with mutations in chondroitin synthase 1 and DS-epimerase 1. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mice deficient in CS/DS biosyntheses.
Analysis of Mutations and Dysregulated Pathways Unravels Carcinogenic Effect and Clinical Actionability of Mutational Processes
Authors: Jiang Zedong , Liao Gaoming , Yang Yiran , Lan Yujia , Xu Liwen , Yan Min , Zhou Yao , Zhu Jiali , Liu Wei , Bai Jing , Xiao Yun , Li Xia
Published: November 2021

Somatic mutations accumulate over time in cancer cells as a consequence of mutational processes. However, the role of mutational processes in carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we infer the causal relationship between mutational processes and somatic mutations in 5,828 samples spanning 34 cancer subtypes. We found most mutational processes cause abundant recurrent mutations in cancer genes, while exceptionally ultraviolet exposure and altered activity of the error-prone polymerase bring a large number of recurrent non-driver mutations. Furthermore, some mutations are specifically induced by a certain mutational process, such as IDH1 p.R132H which is mainly caused by spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine. At the pathway level, clock-like mutational processes extensively trigger mutations to dysregulate cancer signal transduction pathways. In addition, APOBEC mutational process destroys DNA double-strand break repair pathway, and bladder cancer patients with high APOBEC activity, though with homologous recombination proficient, show a significantly longer overall survival with platinum regimens. These findings help to understand how mutational processes act on the genome to promote carcinogenesis, and further, presents novel insights for cancer prevention and treatment, as our results showing, APOBEC mutagenesis and HRD synergistically contributed to the clinical benefits of platinum-based treatment.
Increasing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicles From the Antigen-Specific Antibody and Light Chain Perspective
Authors: Nazimek Katarzyna , Bryniarski Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

Due to their exceptional properties, extracellular vesicles (EVs) receive special attention as next generation biotherapeutics and vehicles for drug delivery. However, despite having many advantages over cell-based therapies, EVs usually exert lower therapeutic efficacy. This results from a number of hurdles that are faced by the EV-based approaches. Administered EVs could be rapidly cleared by the mononuclear phagocytes as well as can randomly distribute within various tissues, making tissue penetration and cell targeting insufficient. However, recent research findings imply that these limitations could be overcome with the use of antigen-specific antibodies and light chains. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-expressing EVs have been shown to form aggregates after co-incubation with antigen-specific antibodies, which greatly enhanced their biological efficacy. On the other hand, EVs could be coated with antibody light chains of chosen specificity to direct them towards desired target cell population. Both findings open up a promising perspective to achieve the highest efficacy of the EV-based approaches. Herein we discuss the opportunities for enhancing extracellular vesicle’s biological activity by using specific antibodies and light chains in the context of the challenges faced by such therapeutic approach.
Plant Cryptochromes Illuminated: A Spectroscopic Perspective on the Mechanism
Authors: Goett-Zink Lukas , Kottke Tilman
Published: November 2021

Plant cryptochromes are central blue light receptors for the control of land plant and algal development including the circadian clock and the cell cycle. Cryptochromes share a photolyase homology region with about 500 amino acids and bind the chromophore flavin adenine dinucleotide. Characteristic for plant cryptochromes is a conserved aspartic acid close to flavin and an exceptionally long C-terminal extension. The mechanism of activation by excitation and reduction of the chromophore flavin adenine dinucleotide has been controversially discussed for many years. Various spectroscopic techniques have contributed to our understanding of plant cryptochromes by providing high time resolution, ambient conditions and even in-cell approaches. As a result, unifying and differing aspects of photoreaction and signal propagation have been revealed in comparison to members from other cryptochrome subfamilies. Here, we review the insight from spectroscopy on the flavin photoreaction in plant cryptochromes and present the current models on the signal propagation from flavin reduction to dissociation of the C-terminal extension.
Highly Efficient Heavy Atom Free Room Temperature Phosphorescence by Host-Guest Doping
Authors: Cao Jinzhu , Zhang Meng , Singh Manjeet , An Zhongfu , Ji Lingfei , Shi Huifang , Jiang Yijian
Published: November 2021

Recently, there has been remarkable progress of the host-guest doped pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials. However, it remains a great challenge to develop highly efficient host-guest doping systems. In this study, we have successfully developed a heavy atom free pure organic molecular doped system (benzophenone-thianthrene, respectively) with efficient RTP through a simple host-guest doping strategy. Furthermore, by optimizing the doping ratios, the host-guest material with a molar ratio of 100:1 presented an efficient RTP emission with 46% quantum efficiency and a long lifetime of up to 9.17 ms under ambient conditions. This work will provide an effective way to design new organic doping systems with RTP.
Mixed-Method Evaluation of the Public Health Questionnaire for Estimating Depression Among Tibetan Buddhist Monastics
Authors: Mascaro Jennifer S. , Shellman Danielle , Keaton Wesley A. , Willson Madison , Brauer Erin , Samphel Tsondue , Chang Hope , Raison Charles L. , Zivot Joel , Eisen Arri
Published: November 2021

Background: Depression is the largest source of global medical disability, highlighting the importance of translating and validating depression screening instruments to improve our understanding of differences in the prevalence of depression in divergent cultures around the world. The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate a widely used depression screening and diagnostic instrument, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), for use with Tibetan populations. A secondary aim was to use the Tibetan-PHQ-9 (T-PHQ-9) to estimate the prevalence of depression symptoms in a population of Tibetan-speaking Buddhist monastic scholars engaging in a 6-year science curriculum in India, the Emory Tibet Science Initiative (ETSI).

Methods: Three-hundred-eighty-four monastics (363 monks, 21 nuns) completed the T-PHQ-9. We computed measures of internal consistency and conducted factor analysis to evaluate scale performance. Following this, we evaluated the prevalence of depressive symptoms among the monastic population. We also conducted cognitive interviews with six monastics to explore their thought processes when completing the instrument and when thinking about depression symptoms.

Results: The T-PHQ-9 had acceptable reliability and demonstrated a single-factor structure. While having low energy was the most commonly endorsed symptom, monastics did not have overall higher endorsement rates of other somatic symptoms when compared with endorsement rates of emotional symptoms. Over 10% of the monastics scored in the moderately severe to severe range and met criteria for major depressive disorder using standard diagnostic criteria cut-offs. First year monks had the highest mean score, and there was not a significant difference between monks and nuns. Cognitive interviews revealed some variation in the cognitive processes used to complete the instrument, particularly with symptoms related to energy and concentration.

Conclusion: These preliminary findings indicate that the Tibetan PHQ-9 is a reliable instrument for assessing depressive symptoms, as evidenced by its ability to inform how symptoms are experienced, interpreted, and communicated among Buddhist monastics. Results from the cognitive interviews may be important for further refining the instrument.