bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Das Potential von Grundbildungszentren aus subjektwissenschaftlicher Perspektive
Authors: Koppel Ilka , Schepers Claudia
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die Subjektwissenschaftliche Lerntheorie betrachtet Lernprozesse vom Standpunkt des Subjektes. Dabei wird ein besonderer Fokus auf Begründungsstrukturen für gelingende oder nicht gelingende Lernhandlungen gelegt. Die subjektwissenschaftliche Perspektive scheint gerade für die Betrachtung von Lernprozessen in der Alphabetisierung und Grundbildung gewinnbringend, da bisherige (negative) Lernerfahrungen, unterschiedlich zusammengesetzte Kompetenzen sowie spezifische Bildungsziele (wie z.B. gesellschaftliche Teilhabe) auf besondere Weise das Lernen beeinflussen können. Grundbildungszentren (GBZen) können als regionale Anlaufstellen für unterschiedliche Fragestellungen bezüglich der Grundbildung und Alphabetisierung Erwachsener Lernenden gelten. Dabei halten GBZen sowohl niedrigschwellige Lernangebote für Menschen mit Alphabetisierungs- und Grundbildungsbedarfen vor, als auch regionale Netzwerk- und Kooperationsstrukturen, um das Umfeld der Lernenden zu sensibilisieren. Methoden: Anhand von zwölf Interviews und vier Selbstberichten, die im Rahmen einer Evaluationsstudie generiert wurden, wurde folgende Fragestellung sekundäranalytisch beantwortet: Welches Potential haben die GBZen Lernprozesse subjektorientiert zu gestalten? Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Die Ergebnisdarstellung erfolgt anhand einer institutionellen, interaktionellen sowie individuellen Ebene. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Struktur der GBZen eine wesentliche Vorbedingung darstellt, Lernenden subjektorientiert zu unterstützen, sich das Potenzial in vollem Umfang aber nur durch das Zusammenwirken aller drei Ebenen entfalten kann.
Effects of the Assimilation of Relative Humidity Reproduced From T‐PARCII and Himawari‐8 Satellite Imagery Using Dynamical Initialization and Ocean‐Coupled Model: A Case Study of Typhoon Lan (2017)
Authors: Lee Jae‐Deok , Park Doo‐Sun R. , Ito Kosuke , Wu Chun‐Chieh
Published: August 2021

Effects of the assimilation of relative humidity (RH) reproduced from dropsonde data from the Tropical cyclones‐Pacific Asian Research Campaign for Improvement of Intensity estimations/forecasts (T‐PARCII) campaign and Himawari‐8 satellite data on the simulation of Typhoon Lan (2017) were investigated herein using a weather research and forecasting model. The lateral boundary and initial conditions were obtained from Global Forecast System (GFS) forecast data. Four experiments varying from the initial vortex, assimilation of the reproduced RH (ARH), and ocean model (OCEAN, three‐dimensional Price‐Weller‐Pinkel upper‐ocean circulation model) activation were conducted for 42 h to evaluate tropical cyclone (TC) forecast performance: the GFS experiment and dynamical initialization (DI) experiments such as DI, DI‐OCEAN, and DI‐ARH‐OCEAN, respectively. All track forecast errors were less than 100 km until landfall, that is, up to 36 h. TC intensity forecasts such as the minimum sea‐level pressure and maximum surface wind speed were slightly improved in DI‐related experiments compared to the GFS experiment. The DI‐ARH‐OCEAN experiment, in particular, demonstrated improvements in both TC forecasts and convective areas. The ocean‐coupled experiments yielded significant sea surface temperature cooling in the rear‐right quadrant of TC, forming a stable boundary layer that could suppress the convective activity, particularly in the lower troposphere. These findings support that compared to the original DI method, ARH could improve initial conditions, resulting in more accurate TC forecasts. Furthermore, it may argue the necessity and urgency of regular aircraft surveillance of TCs in the western North Pacific area.
Predictive Forensics Helps Determine Where Soil Samples Came From
Authors: Hornyak Tim
Published: August 2021

Researchers deploy geochemical analyses to narrow down the search area for a soil sample’s site of origin—an approach that could prove useful to law enforcement.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Gulf Stream Near Cape Hatteras
Authors: Andres M.
Published: August 2021

In situ observations from a 19‐month deployment of current‐ and pressure‐sensor equipped inverted echo sounders (CPIESs) along and across the Gulf Stream near Cape Hatteras capture spatial and temporal variability where this western boundary current separates from the continental margin. Regional hydrographic casts and two temperature cross‐sections spanning the Gulf Stream southeast of Cape Hatteras are used with the CPIESs' records of acoustic travel time to infer changes in thermocline depthDTand Gulf Stream position. Wave‐like Gulf Stream meanders are observed where the Stream approaches the separation location with periods less than 15 days, wavelengths less than 500‐km, and phase speeds between 40 and 70 km d−1. Though meander amplitudes typically decrease by ∼30% on the final approach to Cape Hatteras, some signals are still coherent across the Gulf Stream separation location. Temporal variability in meander intensity may be related to the Loop Current ∼1,400 km upstream. Mesoscale variability is strongest downstream of the separation location where Gulf Stream position is no longer constrained by the steep continental slope. Low frequency transport changes in the Florida Straits are correlated with sea‐surface height gradients along the entire South Atlantic Bight (SAB) and withDTinferred at the CPIES sites. The correlations withDTare likely due to coherent transport anomalies in the Gulf Stream approaching the separation location, which then drive Gulf Stream position changes downstream of the separation location. The patterns of coherent transport anomalies may reflect large‐scale atmospheric forcing patterns or rapid equatorward propagation of barotropic signals along the SAB.
STAT3/LINC00671 axis regulates papillary thyroid tumor growth and metastasis via LDHA-mediated glycolysis
Authors: Huo Nan , Cong Rui , Sun Zhi-jia , Li Wen-chao , Zhu Xiang , Xue Chun-yuan , Chen Zhao , Ma Lu-yuan , Chu Zhong , Han Yu-chen , Kang Xiao-feng , Jia Song-hao , Du Nan , Kang Lei , Xu Xiao-jie
Published: August 2021

Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a critical component of the glycolytic pathway, relates to the development of various cancers, including thyroid cancer. However, the regulatory mechanism of LDHA inhibition and the physiological significance of the LDHA inhibitors in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are unknown. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a vital role in tumor growth and progression. Here, we identified a novel lncRNA LINC00671 negatively correlated with LDHA, downregulating LDHA expression and predicting good clinical outcome in thyroid cancer. Moreover, hypoxia inhibits LINC00671 expression and activates LDHA expression largely through transcriptional factor STAT3. STAT3/LINC00671/LDHA axis regulates thyroid cancer glycolysis, growth, and lung metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. In thyroid cancer patients, LINC00671 expression is negatively correlated with LDHA and STAT3 expression. Our work established STAT3/LINC00671/LDHA as a critical axis to regulate PTC growth and progression. Inhibition of LDHA or STAT3 or supplement of LINC00671 could be potential therapeutic strategies in thyroid cancer.
Human iPS-derived pre-epicardial cells direct cardiomyocyte aggregation expansion and organization in vitro
Authors: Tan Jun Jie , Guyette Jacques P. , Miki Kenji , Xiao Ling , Kaur Gurbani , Wu Tong , Zhu Liye , Hansen Katrina J. , Ling King-Hwa , Milan David J. , Ott Harald C.
Published: August 2021

Epicardial formation is necessary for normal myocardial morphogenesis. Here, we show that differentiating hiPSC-derived lateral plate mesoderm with BMP4, RA and VEGF (BVR) can generate a premature form of epicardial cells (termed pre-epicardial cells, PECs) expressing WT1, TBX18, SEMA3D, and SCX within 7 days. BVR stimulation after Wnt inhibition of LPM demonstrates co-differentiation and spatial organization of PECs and cardiomyocytes (CMs) in a single 2D culture. Co-culture consolidates CMs into dense aggregates, which then form a connected beating syncytium with enhanced contractility and calcium handling; while PECs become more mature with significant upregulation of UPK1B, ITGA4, and ALDH1A2 expressions. Our study also demonstrates that PECs secrete IGF2 and stimulate CM proliferation in co-culture. Three-dimensional PEC-CM spheroid co-cultures form outer smooth muscle cell layers on cardiac micro-tissues with organized internal luminal structures. These characteristics suggest PECs could play a key role in enhancing tissue organization within engineered cardiac constructs in vitro.
ZNF768 links oncogenic RAS to cellular senescence
Authors: Villot Romain , Poirier Audrey , Bakan Inan , Boulay Karine , Fernández Erlinda , Devillers Romain , Gama-Braga Luciano , Tribouillard Laura , Gagné Andréanne , Duchesne Éma , Caron Danielle , Bérubé Jean-Sébastien , Bérubé Jean-Christophe , Coulombe Yan , Orain Michèle , Gélinas Yves , Gobeil Stéphane , Bossé Yohan , Masson Jean-Yves , Elowe Sabine , Bilodeau Steve , Manem Venkata , Joubert Philippe , Mallette Frédérick A. , Laplante Mathieu
Published: August 2021

RAS proteins are GTPases that lie upstream of a signaling network impacting cell fate determination. How cells integrate RAS activity to balance proliferation and cellular senescence is still incompletely characterized. Here, we identify ZNF768 as a phosphoprotein destabilized upon RAS activation. We report that ZNF768 depletion impairs proliferation and induces senescence by modulating the expression of key cell cycle effectors and established p53 targets. ZNF768 levels decrease in response to replicative-, stress- and oncogene-induced senescence. Interestingly, ZNF768 overexpression contributes to bypass RAS-induced senescence by repressing the p53 pathway. Furthermore, we show that ZNF768 interacts with and represses p53 phosphorylation and activity. Cancer genomics and immunohistochemical analyses reveal that ZNF768 is often amplified and/or overexpressed in tumors, suggesting that cells could use ZNF768 to bypass senescence, sustain proliferation and promote malignant transformation. Thus, we identify ZNF768 as a protein linking oncogenic signaling to the control of cell fate decision and proliferation.
Parallel adaptation in autopolyploid Arabidopsis arenosa is dominated by repeated recruitment of shared alleles
Authors: Konečná Veronika , Bray Sian , Vlček Jakub , Bohutínská Magdalena , Požárová Doubravka , Choudhury Rimjhim Roy , Bollmann-Giolai Anita , Flis Paulina , Salt David E. , Parisod Christian , Yant Levi , Kolář Filip
Published: August 2021

Relative contributions of pre-existing vs de novo genomic variation to adaptation are poorly understood, especially in polyploid organisms. We assess this in high resolution using autotetraploidArabidopsis arenosa, which repeatedly adapted to toxic serpentine soils that exhibit skewed elemental profiles. Leveraging a fivefold replicated serpentine invasion, we assess selection on SNPs and structural variants (TEs) in 78 resequenced individuals and discover significant parallelism in candidate genes involved in ion homeostasis. We further model parallel selection and infer repeated sweeps on a shared pool of variants in nearly all these loci, supporting theoretical expectations. A single striking exception is represented byTWO PORE CHANNEL 1, which exhibits convergent evolution from independent de novo mutations at an identical, otherwise conserved site at the calcium channel selectivity gate. Taken together, this suggests that polyploid populations can rapidly adapt to environmental extremes, calling on both pre-existing variation and novel polymorphisms.
Light-fueled transient supramolecular assemblies in water as fluorescence modulators
Authors: Chen Xu-Man , Hou Xiao-Fang , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Feng Wei-Jie , Cao Qin , Huang Shuai , Yang Hong , Chen Dongzhong , Li Quan
Published: August 2021

Dissipative self-assembly, which requires a continuous supply of fuel to maintain the assembled states far from equilibrium, is the foundation of biological systems. Among a variety of fuels, light, the original fuel of natural dissipative self-assembly, is fundamentally important but remains a challenge to introduce into artificial dissipative self-assemblies. Here, we report an artificial dissipative self-assembly system that is constructed from light-induced amphiphiles. Such dissipative supramolecular assembly is easily performed using protonated sulfonato-merocyanine and chitosan based molecular and macromolecular components in water. Light irradiation induces the assembly of supramolecular nanoparticles, which spontaneously disassemble in the dark due to thermal back relaxation of the molecular switch. Owing to the presence of light-induced amphiphiles and the thermal dissociation mechanism, the lifetimes of these transient supramolecular nanoparticles are highly sensitive to temperature and light power and range from several minutes to hours. By incorporating various fluorophores into transient supramolecular nanoparticles, the processes of aggregation-induced emission and aggregation-caused quenching, along with periodic variations in fluorescent color over time, have been demonstrated. Transient supramolecular assemblies, which act as fluorescence modulators, can also function in human hepatocellular cancer cells.
Protective humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 persist up to 1 year after recovery
Authors: Feng Chengqian , Shi Jingrong , Fan Qinghong , Wang Yaping , Huang Huang , Chen Fengjuan , Tang Guofang , Li Youxia , Li Pingchao , Li Jiaojiao , Cui Jianping , Guo Liliangzi , Chen Sisi , Jiang Mengling , Feng Liqiang , Chen Ling , Lei Chunliang , Ke Changwen , Deng Xilong , Hu Fengyu , Tang Xiaoping , Li Feng
Published: August 2021

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been launched worldwide to build effective population-level immunity to curb the spread of this virus. The effectiveness and duration of protective immunity is a critical factor for public health. Here, we report the kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 specific immune response in 204 individuals up to 1-year after recovery from COVID-19. RBD-IgG and full-length spike-IgG concentrations and serum neutralizing capacity decreases during the first 6-months, but is maintained stably up to 1-year after hospital discharge. Even individuals who had generated high IgG levels during early convalescent stages had IgG levels that had decreased to a similar level one year later. Notably, the RBD-IgG level positively correlates with serum neutralizing capacity, suggesting the representative role of RBD-IgG in predicting serum protection. Moreover, viral-specific cellular immune protection, including spike and nucleoprotein specific, persisted between 6 months and 12 months. Altogether, our study supports the persistence of viral-specific protective immunity over 1 year.
Kinetic photovoltage along semiconductor-water interfaces
Authors: Li Jidong , Long Yuyang , Hu Zhili , Niu Jiyuan , Xu Tiezhu , Yu Maolin , Li Baowen , Li Xuemei , Zhou Jianxin , Liu Yanpeng , Wang Cheng , Shen Laifa , Guo Wanlin , Yin Jun
Published: August 2021

External photo-stimuli on heterojunctions commonly induce an electric potential gradient across the interface therein, such as photovoltaic effect, giving rise to various present-day technical devices. In contrast, in-plane potential gradient along the interface has been rarely observed. Here we show that scanning a light beam can induce a persistent in-plane photoelectric voltage along, instead of across, silicon-water interfaces. It is attributed to the following movement of a charge packet in the vicinity of the silicon surface, whose formation is driven by the light-induced potential change across the capacitive interface and a high permittivity of water with large polarity. Other polar liquids and hydrogel on silicon also allow the generation of the in-plane photovoltage, which is, however, negligible for nonpolar liquids. Based on the finding, a portable silicon-hydrogel array has been constructed for detecting the shadow path of a moving Cubaris. Our study opens a window for silicon-based photoelectronics through introducing semiconductor-water interfaces.
Spin–orbit torque driven magnetization switching in W/CoFeB/MgO-based type-Y three terminal magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Isogami Shinji , Shiokawa Yohei , Tsumita Atsushi , Komura Eiji , Ishitani Yugo , Hamanaka Kosuke , Taniguchi Tomohiro , Mitani Seiji , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Hayashi Masamitsu
Published: August 2021

We have studied current induced magnetization switching in W/CoFeB/MgO based three terminal magnetic tunnel junctions. The switching driven by spin—orbit torque (SOT) is evaluated in the so-called type-Y structure, in which the magnetic easy-axis of the CoFeB layer lies in the film plane and is orthogonal to the current flow. The effective spin Hall angle estimated from the bias field dependence of critical current (Ic) is ~ 0.07. The field and current dependence of the switching probability are studied. The field and DC current induced switching can be described using a model based on thermally assisted magnetization switching. In contrast, the 50 ns long pulse current dependence of the switching probability shows significant deviation from the model, even if contribution from the field-like torque is included. The deviation is particularly evident when the threshold switching current is larger. These results show that conventional thermally assisted magnetization switching model cannot be used to describe SOT induced switching using short current pulses.
A meta-analysis on the prevalence and characteristics of severe malaria in patients with Plasmodium spp. and HIV co-infection
Authors: Mahittikorn Aongart , Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , De Jesus Milanez Giovanni , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez , Kotepui Manas
Published: August 2021

Co-infection with malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the severity and mortality rates of both diseases. A better understanding of the effects of co-infections could help in the diagnosis, prompt treatment, prevention, and control of malarial parasites among HIV-infected patients. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we estimated the prevalence and characteristics of severe malaria (SM) caused by co-infection with HIV. We included relevant studies that were conducted between the years 1991 and 2018 and reporting on SM. We pooled the prevalence of SM in patients with co-infection, pooled odds ratios of SM in patients with co-infection and Plasmodium mono-infection, and differences in laboratory parameters such as parasite density and leucocyte counts, between co-infected and Plasmodium mono-infected patients. The meta-analysis included 29 studies (1126 SM cases). The pooled prevalence of SM in co-infected patients using the data of 23 studies (SM = 795 cases, all co-infection cases = 2534 cases) was 43.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.0–56.0%; I2, 98.0%). Overall, the odds of SM from 18 studies were pooled. The odds of SM were significantly higher in co-infected patients than in Plasmodium mono-infected patients (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.43–4.08; I2 = 85%; P = 0.001) and also significantly higher in children (OR 9.69; 95% CI 5.14–18.3; I2, 0%; P < 0.0001; two studies) than in adults (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.52–4.73; I2, 79.0%; P = 0.0007; 12 studies). Co-infected patients with SM had a higher parasite density than those with Plasmodium mono-infection when the data of seven studies were analysed (SMD, 1.25; 95% CI 0.14–2.36; I2, 98.0%; P = 0.03) and higher leukocyte counts when the data of four studies were analysed (MD, 1570 cells/µL; 95% CI 850–2300 cells/µL; I2, 21.0%; P < 0.0001). Thus, the prevalence of SM among patients co-infected with Plasmodium spp. and HIV is high. Because co-infections could lead to SM, patients with Plasmodium spp. and HIV co-infection should be identified and treated to reduce the prevalence of SM and the number of deaths.
Genetic diversity analysis of Korean peanut germplasm using 48 K SNPs ‘Axiom_Arachis’ Array and its application for cultivar differentiation
Authors: Nabi Rizwana Begum Syed , Cho Kwang-Soo , Tayade Rupesh , Oh Ki Won , Lee Myoung Hee , Kim Jung In , Kim Sungup , Pae Suk-Bok , Oh Eunyoung
Published: August 2021

Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the important legume oilseed crops. Cultivated peanut has a narrow genetic base. Therefore, it is necessary to widen its genetic base and diversity for additional use. The objective of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 96 peanut genotypes with 9478 high-resolution SNPs identified from a 48 K ‘Axiom_Arachis’ SNP array. Korean set genotypes were also compared with a mini-core of US genotypes. These sets of genotypes were used for genetic diversity analysis. Model-based structure analysis at K = 2 indicated the presence of two subpopulations in both sets of genotypes. Phylogenetic and PCA analysis clustered these genotypes into two major groups. However, clear genotype distribution was not observed for categories of subspecies, botanical variety, or origin. The analysis also revealed that current Korean genetic resources lacked variability compared to US mini-core genotypes. These results suggest that Korean genetic resources need to be expanded by creating new allele combinations and widening the genetic pool to offer new genetic variations for Korean peanut improvement programs. High-quality SNP data generated in this study could be used for identifying varietal contaminant, QTL, and genes associated with desirable traits by performing mapping, genome-wide association studies.
Role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography in the assessment of acute chemical ocular injury: a pilot animal model study
Authors: Tey Kai Yuan , Gan Jinyuan , Foo Valencia , Tan Bingyao , Ke Meng Yuan , Schmetterer Leopold , Mehta Jodhbir S. , Ang Marcus
Published: August 2021

To examine the use of anterior segment-optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA) in the assessment of limbal ischemia in an animal model chemical ocular injury. We conducted a prospective study using an established chemical ocular injury model in 6 rabbits (12 eyes), dividing the cornea limbus into 4 quadrants. Chemical injury grade was induced based on extent of limbal injury (0 to 360 degrees) and all eyes underwent serial slit-lamp with AS-OCTA imaging up to one month. Main outcome measure was changes in AS-OCTA vessel density (VD) comparing injured and control cornea limbal quadrants within 24 h and at one month. AS-OCTA was able to detect differences in limbal VD reduction comparing injured (3.3 ± 2.4%) and control quadrants (7.6 ± 2.3%; p < 0.001) within 24 h of ocular chemical injury. We also observed that AS-OCTA VD reduction was highly correlated with the number of quadrants injured (r = − 0.89; p < 0.001; 95% CI − 5.65 to − 1.87). Corneal vascularization was detected by AS-OCTA in injured compared to control quadrants (10.1 ± 4.3% vs 7.0 ± 1.2%; p = 0.025) at 1 month. Our animal pilot study suggests that AS-OCTA was able to detect limbal vessel disruption from various severities of acute chemical insult, and in the future, could potentially serve as an adjunct in providing objective grading of acute ocular chemical injury once validated in a clinical trial.
Predicting corneal refractive power changes after orthokeratology
Authors: Kang Pauline , Maseedupally Vinod , Gifford Paul , Swarbrick Helen
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to characterise corneal refractive power (CRP) changes along the principal corneal meridians during orthokeratology (OK). Nineteen myopes (mean age 28 ± 7 years) were fitted with OK lenses in both eyes. Corneal topography was captured before and after 14 nights of OK lens wear. CRP was calculated for the central 8 mm cornea along the horizontal and vertical meridians. The central-paracentral (CPC) power ratio was calculated as the ratio between maximum central and paracentral CRP change from individual data. There was a significant reduction in CRP at all locations in the central 4 mm of the cornea (all p < 0.001) except at 2 mm on the superior cornea (p = 0.071). A significant increase in CRP was evident in the paracentral zone at 2.5, 3 and 3.5 mm on the nasal and superior cornea and at 3.5 and 4 mm on the temporal cornea (all p < 0.05). No significant change in CRP was measured in the inferior cornea except decreased CRP at 2.5 mm (p < 0.001). CPC power ratio in the nasal and temporal paracentral regions was 2.49 and 2.23, respectively, and 2.09 for both the inferior and superior paracentral corneal regions. Our results demonstrates that OK induced significant changes in CRP along the horizontal and vertical corneal meridians. If peripheral defocus changes are inferred from corneal topography, this study suggests that the amount of myopia experienced on the peripheral retina was greater than twice the amount of central corneal power reduction achieved after OK. However, this relationship may be dependent on lens design and vary with pupil size. CPC power ratios may provide an alternative method to estimate peripheral defocus experienced after OK.
Optimizing electrode structure of carbon nanotube gas sensors for sensitivity improvement based on electric field enhancement effect of fractal geometry
Authors: Yang Taicong
Published: August 2021

With the rapid development of carbon nanotubes gas sensor, the sensitivity of the sensing response is becoming more and more demanding. Different from the traditional studies on gas-sensitive materials, this paper combines the microscopic dimensional effects and physical properties of fractal geometry theory from the structure and morphology of sensor devices. The electrode structures of carbon nanotubes gas sensor is designed and optimized by Hilbert–Piano curve. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the electric field intensity and hot spot distribution of the fractal electrode are superior to those of the traditional interdigital electrode. Moreover, a novel chemiresistive gas sensor is fabricated combining the characteristics of carbon nanotubes and fractal geometry, and a test with exposure to nitric oxide showed that the sensors with fractal electrode structures improved the gas sensing sensitivity over sensors with traditional geometrical structures. It provides a new idea for the exploration of gas sensing technology.
Molecular remission at T cell level in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Inamo Jun , Suzuki Katsuya , Takeshita Masaru , Kondo Yasushi , Okuzono Yuumi , Koga Keiko , Kassai Yoshiaki , Takiguchi Maiko , Kurisu Rina , Yoshimura Akihiko , Takeuchi Tsutomu
Published: August 2021

While numerous disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have brought about a dramatic paradigm shift in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), unmet needs remain, such as the small proportion of patients who achieve drug-free status. The aim of this study was to explore key molecules for remission at the T cell level, which are known to be deeply involved in RA pathogenesis, and investigate the disease course of patients who achieved molecular remission (MR). We enrolled a total of 46 patients with RA and 10 healthy controls (HCs). We performed gene expression profiling and selected remission signature genes in CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells from patients with RA using machine learning methods. In addition, we investigated the benefits of achieving MR on disease control. We identified 9 and 23 genes that were associated with clinical remission in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that their expression profiling was similar to those in HCs. For the remission signature genes in CD4+ T cells, the PCA result was reproduced using a validation cohort, indicating the robustness of these genes. A trend toward better disease control was observed during 12 months of follow-up in patients treated with tocilizumab in deep MR compared with those in non-deep MR, although the difference was not significant. The current study will promote our understanding of the molecular mechanisms necessary to achieve deep remission during the management of RA.
The order of vasopressor discontinuation and incidence of hypotension: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Song Xuan , Liu Xinyan , Evans Kimberly D. , Frank Ryan D. , Barreto Erin F. , Dong Yue , Liu Chang , Gao Xiaolan , Wang Chunting , Kashani Kianoush B.
Published: August 2021

The optimal order of vasopressor discontinuation during shock resolution remains unclear. We evaluated the incidence of hypotension in patients receiving concomitant vasopressin (VP) and norepinephrine (NE) based on the order of their discontinuation. In this retrospective cohort study, consecutive patients receiving concomitant VP and NE infusions for shock admitted to intensive care units were evaluated. The primary outcome was hypotension incidence following discontinuation of VP or NE (VP1 and NE1 groups, respectively). Secondary outcomes included the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and arrhythmias. Subgroup analysis was conducted by examining outcomes based on the type of shock. Of the 2,035 included patients, 952 (46.8%) were VP1 and 1,083 (53.2%) were NE1. VP1 had a higher incidence of hypotension than NE1 (42.1% vs. 14.2%; P < 0.001), longer time to shock reversal (median: 2.5 vs. 2.2 days; P = .009), higher hospital [29% (278/952) vs. 24% (258/1083); P = .006], and 28-day mortality [37% (348/952) vs. 29% (317/1,083); P < 0.001] when compared with the NE1 group. There were no differences in ICU mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, new-onset arrhythmia, or AKI incidence between the two groups. In subgroup analyses based on different types of shock, similar outcomes were observed. After adjustments, hypotension in the following 24 h and 28-day mortality were significantly higher in VP1 (Odds ratios (OR) 4.08(3.28, 5.07); p-value < .001 and 1.27(1.04, 1.55); p-value < .001, respectively). Besides, in a multivariable model, the need for renal replacement therapy (OR 1.68 (1.34, 2.12); p-value < .001) was significantly higher in VP1. Among patients with shock who received concomitant VP and NE, the VP1 group was associated with a higher incidence of hypotension in comparison with NE1. Future studies need to validate our findings and their impact on clinical outcomes.
Minimally invasive colostomy with endoscopy as a novel technique for creation of a trephine stoma
Authors: Kamada Teppei , Ohdaira Hironori , Takahashi Junji , Kai Wataru , Nakashima Keigo , Nakaseko Yuichi , Suzuki Norihiko , Yoshida Masashi , Suzuki Yutaka
Published: August 2021

The conventional approach of trephine stoma creation is associated with various limitations, including poor elevation of the sigmoid colon, misidentification of the target organs, and poor visualization of the operative field, which may require conversion to an open approach. Our study aimed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and complications of minimally invasive colostomy with endoscopy (MICE), a new technique for trephine stoma creation. This retrospective cohort study included 14 patients. Patients diagnosed with obstructive rectal cancer or bladder and rectal disorders due to spinal cord injury or bone metastasis requiring sigmoid loop colostomy were eligible for the procedure. MICE was performed using a combination of endoscopic and fluoroscopic procedures. The primary endpoint was the technical success of MICE. Technical success using MICE was achieved in all 14 cases. The mean total operative time was 52.6 (range 32–107) min, and mean blood loss was 18.9 (range 1–50) mL. There was no incidence of conversion to open surgery. Postoperative complications included peristomal abscess formation and ischemic colitis in each case. MICE may be useful as a minimally invasive approach for trephine stoma creation that overcomes the problems of a conventional approach in high-risk patients.
An immune cell infiltration-related gene signature predicts prognosis for bladder cancer
Authors: Chen Hualin , Pan Yang , Jin Xiaoxiang , Chen Gang
Published: August 2021

To explore novel therapeutic targets, develop a gene signature and construct a prognostic nomogram of bladder cancer (BCa). Transcriptome data and clinical traits of BCa were downloaded from UCSC Xena database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We then used the method of Single sample Gene Set Enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to calculate the infiltration abundances of 24 immune cells in eligible BCa samples. By weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), we identified turquoise module with strong and significant association with the infiltration abundance of immune cells which were associated with overall survival of BCa patients. Subsequently, we developed an immune cell infiltration-related gene signature based on the module genes (MGs) and immune-related genes (IRGs) from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort). Then, we tested the prognostic power and performance of the signature in both discovery and external validation datasets. A nomogram integrated with signature and clinical features were ultimately constructed and tested. Five prognostic immune cell infiltration-related module genes (PIRMGs), namely FPR1, CIITA, KLRC1, TNFRSF6B, and WFIKKN1, were identified and used for gene signature development. And the signature showed independent and stable prognosis predictive power. Ultimately, a nomogram consisting of signature, age and tumor stage was constructed, and it showed good and stable predictive ability on prognosis. Our prognostic signature and nomogram provided prognostic indicators and potential immunotherapeutic targets for BCa. Further researches are needed to verify the clinical effectiveness of this nomogram and these biomarkers.
The potential use of digital health technologies in the African context: a systematic review of evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Manyazewal Tsegahun , Woldeamanuel Yimtubezinash , Blumberg Henry M. , Fekadu Abebaw , Marconi Vincent C.
Published: August 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently put forth a Global Strategy on Digital Health 2020–2025 with several countries having already achieved key milestones. We aimed to understand whether and how digital health technologies (DHTs) are absorbed in Africa, tracking Ethiopia as a key node. We conducted a systematic review, searching PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases from inception to 02 February 2021 for studies of any design that investigated the potential of DHTs in clinical or public health practices in Ethiopia. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021240645) and it was designed to inform our ongoing DHT-enabled randomized controlled trial (RCT) (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04216420). We found 27,493 potentially relevant citations, among which 52 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 596,128 patients, healthy individuals, and healthcare professionals. The studies involved six DHTs: mHealth (29 studies, 574,649 participants); electronic health records (13 studies, 4534 participants); telemedicine (4 studies, 465 participants); cloud-based application (2 studies, 2382 participants); information communication technology (3 studies, 681 participants), and artificial intelligence (1 study, 13,417 participants). The studies targeted six health conditions: maternal and child health (15), infectious diseases (14), non-communicable diseases (3), dermatitis (1), surgery (4), and general health conditions (15). The outcomes of interest were feasibility, usability, willingness or readiness, effectiveness, quality improvement, and knowledge or attitude toward DHTs. Five studies involved RCTs. The analysis showed that although DHTs are a relatively recent phenomenon in Ethiopia, their potential harnessing clinical and public health practices are highly visible. Their adoption and implementation in full capacity require more training, access to better devices such as smartphones, and infrastructure. DHTs hold much promise tackling major clinical and public health backlogs and strengthening the healthcare ecosystem in Ethiopia. More RCTs are needed on emerging DHTs including artificial intelligence, big data, cloud, cybersecurity, telemedicine, and wearable devices to provide robust evidence of their potential use in such settings and to materialize the WHO’s Global Strategy on Digital Health.
A take-home message from COVID-19 on urban air pollution reduction through mobility limitations and teleworking
Authors: Badia Alba , Langemeyer Johannes , Codina Xavier , Gilabert Joan , Guilera Nacho , Vidal Veronica , Segura Ricard , Vives Mar , Villalba Gara
Published: August 2021

The rigorous traffic limitations during COVID-19 have forced many people to work from home, reaching an outstanding degree of teleworking and reduction in air pollution. This exceptional situation can be examined as a large-scale pilot test to determine the potential of improving urban air quality through teleworking. Based on observed traffic reductions during the COVID-19 lockdown in Barcelona, we formulate socio-occupational scenarios, with various configurations of teleworking, and simulate them using the chemistry transport model WRF-Chem with multi-layer urban scheme. By intensifying teleworking to 2, 3, and 4 days a week, averaged NO2 concentrations are reduced by 4% (−1.5 μg m−3), 8% (−3 μg m−3), and 10% (−6 μg m−3), respectively, while O3 increases moderately (up to 3 μg m−3). We propose that teleworking be prioritized and promoted as an effective contribution towards reduction of long-term urban air pollution and short-term pollution peaks.
Effect of different parameters on caustic magnesia hydration and magnesium hydroxide rheology: a review
Authors: Bassioni Ghada , Farid Reham , Mohamed Mayar , Hammouda Rawia M. , Kühn Fritz E.
Published: August 2021

Magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide are two compounds that have favorable properties leading to their use in many industrial applications.
Crystal phase transition and polyhedron transformation towards the evolution of photoluminescence and the improvement of thermal stability in efficient blue-emitting Ba0.47−xSr0.50+xAl2Si2O8:Eu2+
Authors: Li Haoran , Liang Yujun , Liu Shiqi , Zhang Weilun , Bi Yanying , Gong Yuming , Lei Wen
Published: August 2021

A crystal phase transition and polyhedron transformation strategy is adopted to obtain efficient blue phosphors, and the structure-photoluminescence relationship is established via the construction of a model.
Short-term supplementation of DHA-enriched phospholipids attenuates the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin without compromising its antitumor activity in mice
Authors: Shi Hao-Hao , Chen Li-Pin , Wang Cheng-Cheng , Zhao Ying-Cai , Xue Chang-Hu , Wang Yu-Ming , Mao Xiang-Zhao , Zhang Tian-Tian
Published: August 2021

DHA-PL and EPA-PL inhibit cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity mainly by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress, and the synergistic effect of DHA-PL and cisplatin suppresses cancer cachexia.
Scalable one-step production of electrochemically exfoliated graphene decorated with transition metal oxides for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Romaní Vázquez Adrián , Neumann Christof , Borrelli Mino , Shi Huanhuan , Kluge Matthias , Abdel-Haq Wajdi , Lohe Martin R. , Gröber Carsten , Röpert Andreas , Turchanin Andrey , Yang Sheng , Shaygan Nia Ali , Feng Xinliang
Published: August 2021

One-step in situ functionalization/electrochemical exfoliation in an innovative continuous-flow reactor enables the large-scale production of active materials for the fabrication of high performance thin-film supercapacitors.
Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids facilitate neurorestoration of facial nerves by activating the NGF/PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Yao Yangxue , Wen Yuting , Li Yanjing , Zhu Jianwei , Tian Taoran , Zhang Qi , Xiao Dexuan , Gao Yang , Lin Yunfeng , Wei Wei , Cai Xiaoxiao
Published: August 2021

tFNAs to be applied in the therapy of facial nerve injury or even peripheral nerve injury.
Synthesis and hierarchical self-assembly of luminescent platinum(ii)-containing telechelic metallopolymers
Authors: Qiu Xiandeng , Xue Hua , Xu Lin , Wang Ran , Qiu Shengchao , He Qun , Bu Weifeng
Published: August 2021

Luminescent telechelic metallopolymers functionalized with platinum(ii) complexes can self-assemble into flowerlike micelles, and the resulting flowers can further form vesicle-like architectures in solution.
Verbal Response Inhibition in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Treleaven Shanley B. , Coalson Geoffrey A.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Adults who stutter (AWS) often attempt, with varying degrees of success, to suppress their stuttered speech. The ability to effectively suppress motoric behavior after initiation relies on executive functions such as nonselective inhibition. Although previous studies found that AWS were slower to inhibit manual, button-press response than adults who do not stutter (AWNS), research has yet to confirm a consistent relationship between manual and verbal inhibition. No study has examined verbal inhibition ability in AWS. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to compare verbal response inhibition between AWS and AWNS, and compare verbal response inhibition to both the overt stuttering and the lived experience of stuttering.

Method

Thirty-four adults (17 AWNS, 17 AWS) completed one manual and three verbal stop-signal tasks. AWS were assessed for stuttering severity (Stuttering Severity Instrument–Fourth Edition: SSI-4) and experience with stuttering (Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience With Stuttering [OASES]).

Results

Results indicate no correlation between manual and verbal inhibition for either group. Generalized linear mixed-model analyses suggested no significant group differences in manual or verbal inhibition. Manual and verbal inhibition did not predict SSI-4 in AWS. However, verbal inhibition was uniquely associated with OASES scores.

Conclusion

Although underlying manual and verbal inhibition was comparable between AWS and AWNS, verbal inhibition may be linked to the adverse experience of stuttering rather than the overt symptoms of stuttering severity.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15145185
Enhancing SLP Students' Perceptions of Older Persons and Collaborative Practice Through Geriatric Interprofessional Teamwork
Authors: Watson Jennifer B. , Drulia Teresa , Lynch Laurel
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To address the need for practice-ready geriatric health professionals, the Seniors Assisting in Geriatric Education (SAGE) program was developed and implemented by two partnering institutions. This study examines speech-language pathology students' perceptions of interprofessional (IP) teamwork and older persons following participation in the SAGE program. Specifically, students reflected on their IP competencies and attitudes toward older persons and overall perceptions of their SAGE experience and how this experience may impact their future practice.

Method

IP teams of three or four students (
n
= 662) from eight disciplines and two partnering institutions participated in the SAGE program. Over three semesters, IP student teams visited a senior mentor's home, completing assignments aimed at growing skills in geriatric collaborative care. A mixed-method approach was used to examine 20 speech-language pathology students' perceptions post-SAGE. Students completed two questionnaires and provided written and verbal feedback, including retrospective pre–post comparisons.

Results

Moderate positive effect sizes were observed on retrospective reports examining perceptions of IP knowledge, attitudes, and skills. These reports were consistent with responses to additional questions examining values/ethics, roles and responsibilities, IP communication, and teamwork. Quantitative and qualitative measures reflected predominantly positive attitudes toward older persons, including an appreciation for older adults, increased knowledge and skills in geriatric care, and an interest in working with older persons in the future.

Conclusions

Speech-language pathology students participating on an IP geriatric team reported improved knowledge, attitudes, and skills in geriatric collaborative care. Additional study is needed to determine the impact of this experience on students' behaviors as future IP team members.
Disk fragmentation in high-mass star formation
Authors: Suri S. , Beuther H. , Gieser C. , Ahmadi A. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Winters J. M. , Linz H. , Henning Th. , Beltrán M. T. , Bosco F. , Cesaroni R. , Csengeri T. , Feng S. , Hoare M. G. , Johnston K. G. , Klaassen P. , Kuiper R. , Leurini S. , Longmore S. , Lumsden S. , Maud L. , Moscadelli L. , Möller T. , Palau A. , Peters T. , Pudritz R. E. , Ragan S. E. , Semenov D. , Schilke P. , Urquhart J. S. , Wyrowski F. , Zinnecker H.
Published: August 2021

Context. Increasing evidence suggests that, similar to their low-mass counterparts, high-mass stars form through a disk-mediated accretion process. At the same time, formation of high-mass stars still necessitates high accretion rates, and hence, high gas densities, which in turn can cause disks to become unstable against gravitational fragmentation.

Aims. We study the kinematics and fragmentation of the disk around the high-mass star forming region AFGL 2591-VLA 3 which was hypothesized to be fragmenting based on the observations that show multiple outflow directions.

Methods. We use a new set of high-resolution (0′′.19) IRAM/NOEMA observations at 843 μm towards VLA 3 which allow us to resolve its disk, characterize the fragmentation, and study its kinematics. In addition to the 843 μm continuum emission, our spectral setup targets warm dense gas and outflow tracers such as HCN, HC3N and SO2, as well as vibrationally excited HCN lines.

Results. The high resolution continuum and line emission maps reveal multiple fragments with subsolar masses within the inner ~1000 AU of VLA 3. Furthermore, the velocity field of the inner disk observed at 843 μm shows a similar behavior to that of the larger scale velocity field studied in the CORE project at 1.37 mm.

Conclusions. We present the first observational evidence for disk fragmentation towards AFGL 2591-VLA 3, a source that was thought to be a single high-mass core. While the fragments themselves are low-mass, the rotation of the disk is dominated by the protostar with a mass of 10.3 ± 1.8 M⊙. These data also show that NOEMA Band 4 can obtain the highest currently achievable spatial resolution at (sub-)mm wavelengths in observations of strong northern sources.
Finite element simulation and regression modeling of machining attributes on turning AISI 304 stainless steel
Authors: Mathivanan A. , Sudeshkumar M.P. , Ramadoss R. , Ezilarasan Chakaravarthy , Raju Ganesamoorthy , Jayaseelan V.
Published: August 2021

To-date, the usage of finite element analysis (FEA) in the area of machining operations has demonstrated to be efficient to investigate the machining processes. The simulated results have been used by tool makers and researchers to optimize the process parameters. As a 3D simulation normally would require more computational time, 2D simulations have been popular choices. In the present article, a Finite Element Model (FEM) using DEFORM 3D is presented, which was used to predict the cutting force, temperature at the insert edge, effective stress during turning of AISI 304 stainless steel. The simulated results were compared with the experimental results. The shear friction factor of 0.6 was found to be best, with strong agreement between the simulated and experimental values. As the cutting speed increased from 125 m/min to 200 m/min, a maximum value of 750 MPa stress as well as a temperature generation of 650 °C at the insert edge have been observed at rather higher feed rate and perhaps a mid level of depth of cut. Furthermore, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model is developed to predict the cutting force and temperature at the insert edge.