bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foodshed as an Example of Preliminary Research for Conducting Environmental Carrying Capacity Analysis
Authors: Świąder Małgorzata , Szewrański Szymon , Kazak Jan
Published: March 2018

Since the 1960s, we have had to face challenging problems in relation to uncontrolled urban development, the destruction of farmlands, and the need to protect natural resources. These challenges are still valid, particularly since dynamic increases in population, especially in cities, have created an increasing need for natural resources. Therefore, the spatial management of the city should take into account the actual use of resources by its inhabitants, as well as the availability of resources within a city and its surrounding suburban areas. Such surveys could be conducted in order to ensure that the basic needs and safety of the residents are met, i.e., in the context of food security. Thus, we recommend a tool that allows specifying the geographical area of food supply: the foodshed. We determined the foodshed based on the relationship between the places of food production and its consumption. Therefore, we delimitated the extent of foodshed area for the city of Wrocław, which reached ca. 56 km. Our work expanded the determination of foodshed boundaries by the delimitation of the city’s foodshed zones, and provided a more detailed analysis of the obtained product data. We obtained data about 98 places of food origin, 448 products, and 115 types of products. This analysis was conducted using Tableau Software (Seattle, WA, USA) and Dell Statistica Software (Round Rock, TX, USA), and the food zone was mapped using ArcGIS Software (Redlands, CA, USA). The main goal of the study was to present a framework for foodshed assessment that could be integrated into other analyses of a city’s sustainability in the context of environmental carrying capacity, and the development of the spatial management of a city in a more sustainable way. This preliminary analysis was carried out in order to emphasize the need for conducting an environmental carrying capacity analysis for the city.
The Replacement of five Consecutive Amino Acids in the Cyt1A Protein of Bacillus thuringiensis Enhances its Cytotoxic Activity against Lung Epithelial Cancer Cells
Authors: Nair Kavita , Iskandarani Ahmad , Al-Thani Roda , Mohammad Ramzi , Jaoua Samir
Published: March 2018

Cyt1A protein is a cytolytic protein encoded by the cyt gene of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) as part of the parasporal crystal proteins produced during the sporulation. Cyt1A protein is unique compared to the other endotoxins present in these parasporal crystals. Unlike δ-endotoxins, Cyt1A protein does not require receptors to bind to the target cell and activate the toxicity. It has the ability to affect a broad range of cell types and organisms, due to this characteristic. Cyt1A has been recognized to not only target the insect cells directly, but also recruit other endotoxins by acting as receptors. Due to these mode of actions, Cyt1A has been studied for its cytolytic activity against human cancer cell lines, although not extensively. In this study, we report a novel Cyt1A protein produced by a Bti strain QBT229 isolated from Qatar. When tested for its cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells, this local strain showed considerably higher activity compared to that of the reference Bti and other strains tested. The possible reasons for such enhanced activity were explored at the gene and protein levels. It was evidenced that five consecutive amino acid replacements in the β8 sheet of the Cyt1A protein enhanced the cytotoxicity against the lung epithelial cancer cells. Such novel Cyt1A protein with high cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells has been characterized and reported through this study.
Long-Term Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol in Feed and Feed Raw Materials with a Special Focus on South Korea
Authors: Park Juhee , Chang Hansub , Kim Dongho , Chung Soohyun , Lee Chan
Published: March 2018

The Fusarium fungi produce toxic substances called mycotoxins, which can cause disease and harmful effects in grains, livestock, and humans. Deoxynivalenol (DON), also known as vomitoxin, is one of the Fusarium mycotoxins that is known to cause vomiting in livestock. This study shows the occurrence of deoxynivalenol in feedstuffs (compound feed and feed ingredients) between 2009 and 2016 in South Korea. A total of 653 domestic samples were collected at five time points, including 494 compound feed samples and 159 feed ingredient samples. DON contamination levels were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with pretreatment using an immunoaffinity column (IAC). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were estimated at 1–10 µg/kg and 3–35 µg/kg, respectively. Two compound feeds (two gestating sow feed samples) out of 160 pig feed samples exceeded the European Commission (EC) guidance value, while no feed ingredient samples exceeded the EC or South Korean guidance values. There were statistically significant differences in the mean contamination levels of compound feed and feed ingredients that indicated a decreasing trend over time.
Botulinum Toxin B Affects Neuropathic Pain but Not Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury in a Mouse Model
Authors: Finocchiaro Alba , Marinelli Sara , De Angelis Federica , Vacca Valentina , Luvisetto Siro , Pavone Flaminia
Published: March 2018

Clinical use of neurotoxins from Clostridium botulinum is well established and is continuously expanding, including in treatment of pain conditions. Background: The serotype A (BoNT/A) has been widely investigated, and current data demonstrate that it induces analgesia and modulates nociceptive processing initiated by inflammation or nerve injury. Given that data concerning the serotype B (BoNT/B) are limited, the aim of the present study was to verify if also BoNT/B is able not only to counteract neuropathic pain, but also to interfere with inflammatory and regenerative processes associated with the nerve injury. Methods: As model of neuropathic pain, chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve was performed in CD1 male mice. Mice were intraplantarly injected with saline (control) or BoNT/B (5 or 7.5 pg/mouse) into the injured hindpaw. For comparison, another mouse group was injected with BoNT/A (15 pg/mouse). Mechanical allodynia and functional recovery of the injured paw was followed for 101 days. Spinal cords and sciatic nerves were collected at day 7 for immunohistochemistry. Results and Conclusions: The results of this study show that BoNT/B is a powerful biological molecule that, similarly to BoNT/A, can reduce neuropathic pain over a long period of time. However, the analgesic effects are not associated with an improvement in functional recovery, clearly highlighting an important difference between the two serotypes for the treatment of this chronic pain state.
Land Use and Land Cover Changes (LULCC), a Key to Understand Soil Erosion Intensities in the Maritsa Basin
Authors: Ozsahin Emre , Duru Umit , Eroglu Ilker
Published: March 2018

Soil erosion is a major environmental and economic concern affecting all continents around the world. Soil loss facilitates land degradation, threatening both agricultural and natural environments in continental Europe. The overall objective of the present study is to reveal temporal changes of erosion risk in the Maritsa Basin, and also assess the temporal effects of land use and land cover changes (LULCC) on the gross erosion rate. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was utilized to monitor the distribution of the erosion risk zones and soil loss in the basin. The variables were either directly derived from the satellite imagery or computed using established equations or previous studies. The dynamic parameters were categorized into two-time frames as 1990 and 2015. The results indicate that the annual average erosion rate decreased from 0.895 to 0.828 t ha−1 year−1. This reduction is within the range of modeling error, potentially originated from input data uncertainties. The most extensive changes in the gross soil loss were found in both agricultural and artificial areas, which emphasize the significance of these two classes in soil erosion models. The research summarized here enhances understanding the impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) classes on erosion intensities.
Enantioselective dioxytosylation of styrenes using lactate-based chiral hypervalent iodine(III)
Authors: Fujita Morifumi , Miura Koki , Sugimura Takashi
Published: March 2018

A series of optically active hypervalent iodine(III) reagents prepared from the corresponding (R)-2-(2-iodophenoxy)propanoate derivative was employed for the asymmetric dioxytosylation of styrene and its derivatives. The electrophilic addition of the hypervalent iodine(III) compound toward styrene proceeded with high enantioface selectivity to give 1-aryl-1,2-di(tosyloxy)ethane with an enantiomeric excess of 70–96% of the (S)-isomer.
A Correction for IUE UV Flux Distributions from Comparisons with CALSPEC
Authors: Bohlin Ralph C. , Bianchi Luciana
Published: March 2018

A collection of spectral energy distributions (SEDs) is available in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) CALSPEC database that is based on calculated model atmospheres for pure hydrogen white dwarfs (WDs). A much larger set (∼100,000) of UV SEDs covering the range (1150–3350 Å) with somewhat lower quality are available in the IUE database. IUE low-dispersion flux distributions are compared with CALSPEC to provide a correction that places IUE fluxes on the CALSPEC scale. While IUE observations are repeatable to only 4%–10% in regions of good sensitivity, the average flux corrections have a precision of 2%–3%. Our re-calibration places the IUE flux scale on the current UV reference standard and is relevant for any project based on IUE archival data, including our planned comparison of GALEX to the corrected IUE fluxes. IUE SEDs may be used to plan observations and cross-calibrate data from future missions, so the IUE flux calibration must be consistent with HST instrumental calibrations to the best possible precision.
Prandtl-number Effects in High-Rayleigh-number Spherical Convection
Authors: Orvedahl Ryan J. , Calkins Michael A. , Featherstone Nicholas A. , Hindman Bradley W.
Published: March 2018

Convection is the predominant mechanism by which energy and angular momentum are transported in the outer portion of the Sun. The resulting overturning motions are also the primary energy source for the solar magnetic field. An accurate solar dynamo model therefore requires a complete description of the convective motions, but these motions remain poorly understood. Studying stellar convection numerically remains challenging; it occurs within a parameter regime that is extreme by computational standards. The fluid properties of the convection zone are characterized in part by the Prandtl number

 = ν/κ, where ν is the kinematic viscosity and κ is the thermal diffusion; in stars,

is extremely low,

 ≈ 10−7. The influence of

on the convective motions at the heart of the dynamo is not well understood since most numerical studies are limited to using

 ≈ 1. We systematically vary

and the degree of thermal forcing, characterized through a Rayleigh number, to explore its influence on the convective dynamics. For sufficiently large thermal driving, the simulations reach a so-called convective free-fall state where diffusion no longer plays an important role in the interior dynamics. Simulations with a lower

generate faster convective flows and broader ranges of scales for equivalent levels of thermal forcing. Characteristics of the spectral distribution of the velocity remain largely insensitive to changes in

. Importantly, we find that

plays a key role in determining when the free-fall regime is reached by controlling the thickness of the thermal boundary layer.
A new species of Stamnaria (Leotiomycetes, Helotiales) from Western Siberia
Authors: Haelewaters Danny , Filippova Nina V. , Baral Hans-Otto
Published: March 2018

A new species ofStamnariais described based on morphology and molecular data from a collection made in West Siberia.Stamnariayugranais differentiated by lanceolate, strongly protruding paraphyses and comparatively narrow, fusoid-clavate ascospores. The apothecia are urn-shaped due to a prominent and even collar as inS.persoonii. The species grows on fallen side branches ofEquisetumsylvaticum, a rarely recorded host forStamnaria. The authors formally describe the new species and provide colour illustrations. In addition, the literature is reviewed on previously described species ofStamnaria. Phylogenetic reconstruction of theStamnarialineage, based on the ITS ribosomal DNA, strongly supports the three currently recognised species:S.americana,S.persooniiandS.yugrana.
Comment le citoyen consent-il à la démocratie ?
Authors: Revault d’Allonnes Myriam
Published: March 2018

Il nous paraît aujourd’hui aller de soi qu’un pouvoir démocratique tire sa légitimité du consentement des citoyens et qu’il engendre en retour l’obligation politique. En réalité, la notion de consentement a une longue histoire et son apparition a partie liée avec le primat de l’individu et les conditions de la modernité politique. Pour comprendre ce qu’il en est aujourd’hui de la « crise » du consentement liée aux difficultés de la représentation politique, il convient de retracer la généalogie de la notion, de revenir sur les ruptures advenues dans la conception même de la citoyenneté et de repenser – à la lumière du présent – les ressorts et les ambiguïtés de cette notion polysémique : multiples sont les modalités du consentement citoyen à la démocratie contemporaine.
L’Église catholique et la construction des sociétés démocratiques africaines
Authors: Akono François-Xavier
Published: March 2018

L’Église catholique participe à la naissance d’une Afrique démocratique. Par son engagement, elle accompagne le continent vers la meilleure manière d’être organisé et géré. Saura-t-elle faire l’impasse sur son propre héritage et celui de la pluralité des héritages culturels en Afrique subsaharienne en matière de démocratie, afin d’y trouver des réponses applicables à la décadence politique observée avec les partis uniques et un multipartisme décrété ? Les Églises locales, insérées dans des contextes divers, participent à la naissance d’une Afrique digne et prospère. Malgré ces obstacles, les paroles courageuses continuent de mettre en évidence l’importance de la justice et du respect du droit. La démocratie du consensus de l’Afrique traditionnelle est-elle adaptable au monde actuel ?
La figure du Christ dans la philosophie de Giuseppe Capograssi (1889-1956)
Authors: Biancu Stefano
Published: March 2018

L’article montre quel espace occupe la figure du Christ dans la pensée philosophique de Giuseppe Capograssi (1889-1956), professeur de philosophie du droit dans différentes universités italiennes durant et après les années du fascisme et de la guerre. Il le fait à l’aide tout particulièrement de deux œuvres de l’auteur, l’ Essai sur l’État de 1918 et l’ Introduction à la vie éthique de 1953. Dans toute la réflexion capograssienne, la figure du Christ est absolument centrale. Elle l’est dans la mesure où, pour ce philosophe, la confrontation avec l’histoire l’est aussi – une histoire que le Christ aurait révolutionnée, en changeant ses structures de l’intérieur.
Les fiançailles au début du XXI e siècle. Entre survivance et renouveau
Authors: Rault Wilfried
Published: March 2018

Que sont devenues les fiançailles dans un contexte de déclin quasi continu du mariage ? À partir d’une exploitation de l’enquête Etude des parcours individuels et conjugaux réalisée par l’Ined et l’Insee en 2013-2014 auprès de 7 825 femmes et hommes de 26 à 65 ans, cet article étudie la pratique des fiançailles qui précèdent un mariage au tournant du XXI e siècle. L’approche permet d’observer que la pratique est loin d’être crépusculaire. Sont d’abord explorées les différences entre les personnes dont le mariage a été précédé de fiançailles et les autres. Dans un deuxième temps, c’est le contenu même des fiançailles qui est analysé. Loin de renvoyer à une formelle homogénéité, les fiançailles se déclinent de manières multiples : aux côtés de la figure ancienne qui associe les familles, il existe des fiançailles « privatisées », strictement circonscrites au couple et à l’inverse des fiançailles qui associent des cercles sociaux plus larges, notamment les réseaux amicaux aux côtés des parentèles. En dépit de cette diversification formelle, les fiançailles demeurent toutefois associées à des formes de classicisme matrimonial, notamment aux mariages correspondant à des premières unions, religieux, sans cohabitation préalable. Entre survivance d’une pratique rituelle ancienne et renouveau, cette mutation des fiançailles est l’une des expressions d’une recomposition rituelle observable plus largement dans le rituel matrimonial.
Une normativité familiale en tension. Soubassements de la conflictualité conjugale et familiale
Authors: Neyrand Gérard
Published: March 2018

Dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire, l’auteur de cet article interroge, du point de vue du renouvellement du statut de la norme dans la gestion sociale, la reconfiguration des relations conjugales et familiales propre au passage dans la seconde modernité. D’une société où l’institutionnalisation des rapports sociaux s’exprime dans la rigueur octroyée à la loi, nous sommes passés à une société où les normes juridiques s’évertuent à encadrer les évolutions des mœurs, au regard de la diversification des normes sociales. Les séparations conjugales constituent un indicateur parmi d’autres de la difficulté, diversement exprimée selon les milieux sociaux et les genres, à un renforcement de la régulation sociale par intériorisation des normes, tant s’y entrechoquent le renouvellement des cadres de l’imaginaire social et ses expressions symboliques antérieures, la force des représentations sociales conscientisées et la prégnance de l’archaïque des investissements inconscients, les contradictions des rapports sociaux et leur rationalisation par le juridique...
Transformations de l’institution familiale dans l’Espagne contemporaine : de la norme à l’ouverture des possibles
Authors: Nattiez Laura , Santiago Jose
Published: March 2018

Cet article analyse les transformations de l’institution familiale en Espagne du franquisme à aujourd’hui en étudiant trois éléments révélateurs du processus de désinstitutionalisation : la vie de couple et le mariage, la parenté, la relation entre féminité et maternité. L’analyse s’appuie sur deux enquêtes qualitatives (l’une composée de quatre-vingts entretiens menés auprès d’Espagnoles nées dans les années 1930 et 1950, l’autre constituée de soixante-dix entretiens et de seize groupes de discussion) ainsi que sur des statistiques produites par des organismes publics. Grâce à l’étude de ces matériaux, nous pouvons conclure que, si la famille nucléaire est toujours majoritaire en Espagne, elle cesse d’être l’unique modèle envisageable. Les individus jouissent aujourd’hui d’une marge de manœuvre plus grande afin de définir le type de famille dans lequel ils souhaitent vivre et ne font plus l’objet d’une implacable stigmatisation sociale lorsqu’ils s’éloignent du modèle dominant.
La perception de la famille et des liens chez les enfants confiés
Authors: Chapon Nathalie
Published: March 2018

Cet article aborde la question spécifique et singulière de ce qui fait famille pour des enfants séparés de leurs parents et accueillis en famille d’accueil. Il questionne les dimensions familiales et parentales, les liens affectifs et électifs développés avec les parents, la famille d’accueil et les enfants présents au sein de cette famille. Quelle est la perception de la famille pour les enfants confiés ? Qu’est-ce qu’une famille et qui en fait partie ? Quels sont les sentiments exprimés vis-à-vis des parents et de la famille d’accueil ? Nous présenterons une partie des résultats d’une recherche réalisée sur ces questions auprès des enfants confiés, des parents mais aussi des familles d’accueil. Nous verrons que le tissage de liens et de « filiations » s’exprime différemment selon les situations de placement et les histoires de vie des enfants confiés et des familles. Être séparé de ses parents et vivre au sein d’une famille dans un système de protection de l’enfance n’est pas aisé et confronte les enfants à bien des interrogations sur le « familial » et le « parental ». Nous verrons que l’enfant confié vit une histoire familiale singulière composée de différents liens significatifs pour lui, de sentiments d’appartenance, qu’ils soient d’origine ou d’accueil ouvrant ainsi à une possible affiliation et à des configurations familiales bien identifiées.
Chine : la communication officielle défiée par les fausses informations et les rumeurs
Authors: Peter Alain , Chen Mengshu
Published: March 2018

Favorisées par l’émergence des médias sociaux et le manque de crédibilité de l’information officielle, les fausses informations et les rumeurs prolifèrent en Chine. Cet article explique comment ces phénomènes surviennent dans un pays dirigé par un pouvoir qui censure l’information, il en présente les messagers et expose les raisons pour lesquelles le public vit comme potentiellement vraies les fausses informations et les rumeurs. Enfin, il analyse la réponse répressive des autorités au défi auquel est confronté la communication officielle et dont l’enjeu central réside dans la crédibilité de l’information accessible aux Chinois.
Entre vérité des faits et véracité des discours : les bidonnages journalistiques à la télévision
Authors: Chambat-Houillon Marie-France
Published: March 2018

L’examen proposé des enjeux de la « fausse information » s’appuie sur l’étude de quatre cas différents de « bidonnage » télévisuel présents aussi bien sur des chaînes publiques que sur des chaînes privées. Étant donné que les bidonnages ne transgressent pas uniquement les exigences attendues socialement de vérité du genre journalistique mais aussi celles de sincérité des discours médiatiques authentiques, leurs parentés avec le discours mensonger et l’emprunt frauduleux d’images sont à étudier. Se poser la question des bidonnages, et par extension celle de la fausse information, revient fondamentalement à réaffirmer l’existence d’une responsabilité des médias dans la fabrication et la circulation de l’information et de ses croyances au sein de notre société contemporaine.
La fabrique des rumeurs numériques. Comment la fausse information circule sur Twitter ?
Authors: Alloing Camille , Vanderbiest Nicolas
Published: March 2018

Dans cet article nous mettons en évidence le fait qu’un dispositif numérique comme Twitter n’est pas seulement un moyen de produire de la fausse information, mais de la mettre en mouvement. Nous discutons, à partir de l’étude de trois rumeurs apparues suite aux attentats du 14 juillet 2016 à Nice en France, la manière dont ce dispositif favorise la circulation de ces rumeurs autant que le démenti de celles-ci.
Le bruit du lointain à l’époque de Louis XIV : vérifications et déformations de l’information dans les correspondances des nouvellistes érudits
Authors: Martignon Maxime
Published: March 2018

Comment déterminait-on si une information était fausse à l’époque de Louis XIV ? En se focalisant sur la circulation des nouvelles qui viennent des espaces extra-européens et maritimes, sur les acteurs de leur publication et en mobilisant sources imprimées (gazettes, mercures, livres) autant que sources manuscrites (nouvelles à la main et correspondances), il est possible d’observer les procédures d’acquisition et de vérification de leurs contenus lors d’événements lointains. Michel Bégon, Intendant de Rochefort, correspond avec Cabart de Villermont qui connaît les journalistes, notamment Donneau de Visé auteur du Mercure Galant . Dans la correspondance, la nouvelle est accréditée par une série de procédures d’écriture. Cela permet de vérifier l’intégrité de la transmission d’informations autant que l’occurrence d’un événement. Au moment de la publication de la nouvelle, les enjeux entrent en politique. Est-il opportun de publier une information ? L’acte d’écrire et de montrer une nouvelle engage le crédit personnel de celui qui la publie. Dès lors, le récit tend à devenir conforme dans le champ politique de la Marine, et plus généralement de l’absolutisme, quitte à prendre des distances avec la réalité dont elle doit rendre compte. Les intermédiaires empêchent la publication d’une information manifestement fausse : il faut qu’elle demeure généralement crédible pour ne pas nuire à ceux qui la transmettent.
Négationnisme et complotisme : des exemples typiques de désinformation
Authors: Igounet Valérie , Reichstadt Rudy
Published: March 2018

Le négationnisme et le complotisme apparaissent tous deux comme des discours relevant de la désinformation. Ils sont aussi liés intimement et historiquement. La négation du génocide des juifs, inaugurée par Maurice Bardèche trois ans après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, installe au centre de son « argumentaire » un prétendu « complot juif international » qui aurait fabriqué de toutes pièces cette « escroquerie du xx e siècle » dans le but de justifier l’existence de l’État d’Israël et d’extorquer des réparations à l’Allemagne. Les idéologues Robert Faurisson et Roger Garaudy, suivis par leurs héritiers politiques, font « évoluer » le négationnisme en le sortant de la confidentialité et en lui donnant un écho international. Une galaxie agrégeant conspirationnistes et négationnistes émergea dans le sillage des attentats du 11 septembre 2001. Sur fond d’anti-impérialisme, d’anticapitalisme, d’antiaméricanisme et d’antisionisme, elle réactualise un discours antisémite qui place en son cœur la dénonciation du « pouvoir juif ».
Overview on the distribution of gorgonian species in Tunisian marine coastal waters (central Mediterranean)
Authors: Ghanem Raouia , Soufi Kechaou Emna , Ben Souissi Jamila , Garrabou Joaquim
Published: March 2018

Gorgonian species play an important ecological role in the structure and function of marine communities. Human activities are negatively affecting the conservation status of gorgonian populations in the Mediterranean. Acquiring knowledge of gorgonian distribution is therefore a key step required to promote efficient management and conservation actions. However, information on the distribution of gorgonian species is lacking in many Mediterranean areas. This study aimed to provide an overview of the geographic and bathymetric distributions of gorgonians in the coastal waters of the Tunisian coast (1136 km). The sampling design encompassed three sectors, 27 localities and 87 sites. Information was collected from scuba diving (26 sites) and local ecological knowledge surveys of fishermen and divers (132 interviews), as well as from a literature review. Overall, the occurrence of eight gorgonians was confirmed at 54 out of the 87 sites surveyed in Tunisian coastal waters (7-120 m depth). The species that were found were Eunicella singularis, Eunicella cavolini, Paramuricea clavata, Paramuricea macrospina, Leptogorgia sarmentosa, Eunicella verrucosa, Corallium rubrum and Ellisella paraplexauroides. The highest gorgonian species richness and abundance was recorded in northern, followed by eastern Tunisian waters. In the southern areas only one species was recorded. This pattern was related to the rocky substrate that characterizes the northern and eastern coasts of Tunisia. This study is the first to report the occurrence of E. singularis, E. cavolini, E. verrucosa and Leptogorgia sarmentosa in northern and eastern Tunisian waters. The results are discussed in the hope of guiding future conservation and management actions for gorgonian assemblages in Tunisia.
Cuidado centrado na família na perspectiva de enfermeiros de uma unidade de internação adulto/ Family-centered care in the perspective of nurses from an adult hospitalization unit
Authors: Uema Roberta Tognollo Borotta , Bega Aline Gabriela , Rodrigues Bruna Caroline , Lopes Ana Patrícia Araújo Torquato , Hiragashi Ieda Harumi , Decesaro Maria das Neves
Published: March 2018

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar a percepção de enfermeiros que atuam em unidades de internação adulto, sobre Cuidado Centrado na Família. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa com enfermeiros que atuam em uma instituição privada do norte do Paraná. A coleta de dados ocorreu em janeiro de 2015, por meio de entrevistas realizadas durante atividades educativas. Os relatos foram tratados seguindo os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Após análise, identificaram-se duas categorias: “Percepção dos enfermeiros sobre a participação familiar no cuidado” e “Considerações acerca do cuidado centrado na família”. Percebeu-se resistência à colaboração da família por parte dos enfermeiros e a escassez de conhecimento destes em relação ao referencial estudado na pesquisa. Apesar de ressaltarem a importância da família, notou-se que sua participação efetiva ainda é bastante limitada.
Intervenções de educação em saúde sobre primeiros socorros para leigos no Brasil: revisão integrativa/Health education interventions on first aid measures for lay people in Brazil: integrative review
Authors: Galindo Neto Nelson Miguel , Sá Guilherme Guarino de Moura , Vasconcelos Eliane Maria Ribeiro de , Silva Telma Marques da , Santos Ana Maria Ribeiro dos , Carvalho Khelyane Mesquita de
Published: March 2018

Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar as evidências disponíveis sobre intervenções de educação em saúde que contemplem os primeiros socorros para leigos no contexto brasileiro. Para proceder à pesquisa foi selecionado o método da revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, BDTD e na biblioteca Scielo por meio dos descritores: Educação em Saúde, Primeiros Socorros, População e Emergências. Foram selecionados nove estudos, dos quais em oito os participantes apresentaram melhor desempenho referente às condutas a serem tomadas após as intervenções educativas. Os estudos foram realizados com diversos tipos de participantes leigos em primeiros socorros: alunos e professores de instituições de ensino estiveram presentes em seis estudos. Este achado reflete a demanda existente de intervenções educativas sobre primeiros socorros durante a formação básica do indivíduo e nos diversos ambientes da sociedade. Ratifica-se, portanto, a necessidade de realização de estudos acerca da educação em saúde sobre primeiros socorros para leigos a fim de subsidiar, com evidências científicas, as práticas educativas dos profissionais da saúde.
Mortalidade em acidentes automobilísticos: tendência temporal entre 1996 e 2012/ Mortality in traffic accidents: temporary trend between 1996 and 2012
Authors: Oliveira Nelson Luiz Batista de , Souza Eniuce Menezes de , Cunha Guilherme Zubatch da
Published: March 2018

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a tendência temporal da mortalidade em acidentes automobilísticos entre 1996 e 2012. Estudo epidemiológico da mortalidade de 368 vítimas, residentes em Maringá, Paraná. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. A análise de tendência temporal da mortalidade foi realizada a partir do ajuste de um modelo de regressão de Poisson para séries temporais. A maioria das vítimas (76,35%) era do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 20 e 39 anos (48,36%), da cor/raça branca (81,52%), com escolaridade entre oito e 11 anos de estudo (28,54%) e solteiros (44,30%). Os óbitos ocorreram com maior frequência na via pública (62,77%) e, no momento do acidente, 8,96% dos indivíduos, estavam trabalhando. Houve predomínio das colisões com automóvel/picape/caminhonete (27,17%). Anualmente, verificou-se um aumento de5,2% no número de óbitos.Conclui-se que, entre os componentes das causas externas, os acidentes de trânsito são responsáveis por um grande número de mortes.
Actuation Systems of Active Orthoses Used for Gait Rehabilitation
Authors: Petcu Alin , Georgescu Marius , Tarniţă Daniela
Published: March 2018

In this paper three types of actuation systems of active orthoses used for human gait rehabilitation are presented. This paper analyzes different lower-limb active orthoses used for gait rehabilitation function of actuation system.
Analysis of Mechanical Stress Behavior of Fixing Bolts for a Ford Engine Block
Authors: Cîrstea Costinel Ilie , Copilusi Petre Cristian , Adrian Calangiu
Published: March 2018

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the mechanical stress behavior of an engine block fixing bolts on an adaptor. With the finite element method is analyzed the mechanical stresses of the bolts caused in the engine assembly process. Thus, by starting from technical drawings existent on this research topic, there were created 3D simplified models of the desired threaded assemblies. By using 3D modeling software, virtual models of two simplified assemblies were defined. By importing these in a finite element analysis software, static response represented through stress, internal displacements and total deformations were obtained.
Synthesis of Cu/Cr and Cu/Cr/W Materials by Powder Metallurgy Techniques
Authors: Nicolicescu Claudiu , Nicoară Victor Horia , Bălulescu Costel Silviu
Published: March 2018

Alloys based on Cu/Cr and Cu/Cr/W attract the attention due to their presence in different applications that require higher electrical properties which are combined with good mechanical properties. In order to synthesis the material based on Cu/Cr and Cu/Cr/W, mechanical alloying technique was used. Four mixtures, X1 (99%CuCr), X2 (97%CuCr), X3 (94%Cu1%CrW), X4 (92%Cu3%CrW – weight percent), were prepared using a vario planetary ball mill Pulverisette 4 made by Fritsch. The mixtures obtained after 10 hours were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the presence of chromium and tungsten influence the morphology and the particles tend to be flat. Sinter ability and microhardness are influenced by the chemical composition of the samples.
Studies to Determine Optimal Parameters for the Ultrasonic Bonding of Copper Wires
Authors: Demian Mihai , Demian Gabriela , Radu Stefan , Becheru Alexandru
Published: March 2018

In the paper is investigated a method of ultrasonic connection of copper wires so that its joining has a higher mechanical strength. Copper wires connection analysis was carried out by destructive methods such as breaking strength of wire testing or metallographic testing. The purpose of the paper is to identify optimal parameters for ultrasonic welding of copper wires.
The historical influence of tributaries on the water and sediment of Jacuí’s Delta, Southern Brazil
Authors: Andrade Leonardo Capeleto de , Andrade Rodrigo Da Rocha , Camargo Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira
Published: March 2018

The high population density in a metropolis leads to socio-environmental impacts that directly affect local water resources. This work evaluated the historical data (between 2000 and 2014) of water and sediment monitoring in the Jacuí’s Delta region and analyzed the relationship between these sites. Seven monitoring sites around the Jacuí's Delta were evaluated: the outflow of the rivers Jacuí, Caí, Sinos, and Gravataí; the channels Ilha da Pintada and Navegantes; and Lake Guaíba. Water data were evaluated for: air and water temperature; depth; pH; electrical conductivity; transparency; turbidity; dissolved oxygen; biochemical oxygen demand; phosphorus; nitrogen; total residues; and escherichia coli. Sediment were evaluated for pseudo-total concentrations of metals (Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Ba, V, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Li, Be, Cd, Hg, As, and Ag). The quality of water and sediment in the Jacuí's Delta are linked with the tributaries and priority flows of the channels. The historical data of water and sediment around the Jacuí's Delta shows the influence of the tributaries with low quality in the downstream points. The pollution of the rivers Caí, Sinos, and Gravataí negatively affects the environmental quality of the channel Navegantes and Lake Guaíba (catchment points to water supply). The water in those sites presents reductions in dissolved oxygen and high values of coliforms, and the sediment shows high concentrations of metal Zn, Pb, Cr, and Hg. Despite the reduction in Pb and Hg values in the sediment over the past years, pollution from the tributary rivers still persists.
The Impact of Periodic Distribution Campaigns of Long-Lasting Insecticidal-Treated Bed Nets on Malaria Vector Dynamics and Human Exposure in Dielmo, Senegal
Authors: Sougoufara Seynabou , Thiaw Omar , Cailleau Aurélie , Diagne Nafissatou , Harry Myriam , Bouganali Charles , Sembène Pape M. , Doucoure Souleymane , Sokhna Cheikh
Published: March 2018

The implementation of long-lasting insecticidal-treated bed nets (LLINs) has contributed to halving the mortality rate due to malaria since 2000 in sub-Saharan Africa. These tools are highly effective against indoor-feeding malaria vectors. Thus, to achieve the World Health Assembly’s new target to reduce the burden of malaria over the next 15 years by 90%, it is necessary to understand how the spatiotemporal dynamics of malaria vectors and human exposure to bites is modified in the context of scaling up global efforts to control malaria transmission. This study was conducted in Dielmo, a Senegalese village, after the introduction of LLINs and two rounds of LLINs renewals. Data analysis showed that implementation of LLINs correlated with a significant decrease in the biting densities of the main malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus, reducing malaria transmission. Other environment factors likely contributed to the decrease in An. funestus, but this trend was enhanced with the introduction of LLINs. The bulk of bites occurred during sleeping hours, but the residual vector populations of An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus had an increased propensity to bite outdoors, so a risk of infectious bites remained for LLINs users. These results highlight the need to increase the level and correct use of LLINs and to combine this intervention with complementary control measures against residual exposure, such as spatial repellents and larval source management, to achieve the goal of eliminating malaria transmission.
Use of Rapid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Serological Screening of Melioidosis in Myanmar
Authors: Win Zin Zayar , Phokrai Phornpun , Aung Zarni , Zaw Thein , Burtnick Mary N. , Chantratita Narisara , Brett Paul J. , Hlaing Tin Maung
Published: March 2018

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is an important but under-recognized cause of disease in the tropics. Although first described over a century ago as a septicemic illness associated with morphine addicts in Rangoon, Burma, there is little information regarding the incidence of melioidosis in present-day Myanmar. To address this issue, we used two recently developed and validated serological assays to detect B. pseudomallei–specific antibodies in 124 serum samples obtained from febrile patients in the delta region of Myanmar. Using cutoff values derived from culture-confirmed melioidosis cases in neighboring Thailand, 3.2% of the samples exhibited reactivity profiles consistent with active B. pseudomallei infections. Collectively, these findings indicate that melioidosis likely represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Myanmar and support the need for further studies to assess the true burden of disease in this country.
Yemen in a Time of Cholera: Current Situation and Challenges
Authors: Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
Published: March 2018

Since early 2015, Yemen has been in the throes of a grueling civil war, which has devastated the health system and public services, and created one of the world’s worst humanitarian disasters. The country is currently facing a cholera epidemic the world’s largest on record, surpassing one million (1,061,548) suspected cases, with 2,373 related deaths since October 2016. Cases were first confirmed in Sana’a city and then spread to almost all governorates except Socotra Island. Continued efforts are being made by the World Health Organization and international partners to contain the epidemic through improving water, sanitation and hygiene, setting up diarrhea treatment centers, and improving the population’s awareness about the disease. The provision of clean water and adequate sanitation is imperative as an effective long-term solution to prevent the further spread of this epidemic. Cholera vaccination campaigns should also be conducted as a preventive measure.
Efficiency of a Malaria Reactive Test-and-Treat Program in Southern Zambia: A Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Deutsch-Feldman Molly , Hamapumbu Harry , Lubinda Jailos , Musonda Michael , Katowa Ben , Searle Kelly M. , Kobayashi Tamaki , Shields Timothy M. , Stevenson Jennifer C. , Thuma Philip E. , Moss William J. , _ _
Published: March 2018

To improve malaria surveillance and achieve elimination, the Zambian National Malaria Elimination Program implemented a reactive test-and-treat program in Southern Province in 2013 in which individuals with rapid diagnostic test (RDT)–confirmed malaria are followed-up at their home within 1 week of diagnosis. Individuals present at the index case household and those residing within 140 m of the index case are tested with an RDT and treated with artemether–lumefantrine if positive. This study evaluated the efficiency of this reactive test-and-treat strategy by characterizing infected individuals missed by the RDT and the current screening radius. The radius was expanded to 250 m, and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test was performed on dried blood spot specimens. From January 2015 through March 2016, 145 index cases were identified at health centers and health posts. A total of 3,333 individuals residing in 525 households were screened. Excluding index cases, the parasite prevalence was 1.1% by RDT (33 positives of 3,016 participants) and 2.4% by qPCR (73 positives of 3,016 participants). Of the qPCR-positive cases, 62% of 73 individuals tested negative by RDT. Approximately half of the infected individuals resided within the index case household (58% of RDT-positive individuals and 48% of qPCR-positive individuals). The low sensitivity of the RDT and the high proportion of secondary cases within the index case household decreased the efficiency of this reactive test-and-treat strategy. Reactive focal drug administration in index case households would be a more efficient approach to treating infected individuals associated with a symptomatic case.
Characterization of Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase and Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Clearance Patterns via Rapid On-Bead Detection from a Single Dried Blood Spot
Authors: Markwalter Christine F. , Gibson Lauren E. , Mudenda Lwiindi , Kimmel Danielle W. , Mbambara Saidon , Thuma Philip E. , Wright David W.
Published: March 2018

A rapid, on-bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) was adapted for use with dried blood spot (DBS) samples. This assay detected both biomarkers from a single DBS sample with only 45 minutes of total incubation time and detection limits of 600 ± 500 pM (pLDH) and 69 ± 30 pM (HRP2), corresponding to 150 and 24 parasites/μL, respectively. This sensitive and reproducible on-bead detection method was used to quantify pLDH and HRP2 in patient DBS samples from rural Zambia collected at multiple time points after treatment. Biomarker clearance patterns relative to parasite clearance were determined; pLDH clearance followed closely with parasite clearance, whereas most patients maintained detectable levels of HRP2 for 35–52 days after treatment. Furthermore, weak-to-moderate correlations between biomarker concentration and parasite densities were found for both biomarkers. This work demonstrates the utility of the developed assay for epidemiological study and surveillance of malaria.
A natureza jurídica do direito a ser esquecido e o ordenamento jurídico espanhol
Authors: Dos Santos Bogas da Fonseca Pedro Miguel
Published: March 2018

Brevemente, e por imposição do Regulamento (UE) 2016/679, do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 27 de abril de 2016, entrará em vigor, para todos os Estados-membros da União Europeia, uma nova regulação em matéria de proteção de dados pessoais, sendo que um dos seus aspetos mais inovadores é a inclusão do direito ao esquecimento. No entanto, tem-se discutido qual a natureza jurídica desse direito, sendo que as posturas defendidas se podem resumir a três: o direito ao esquecimento fundamentado no tradicional direito à intimidade; o direito ao esquecimento como consequência necessária e indissociável do direito à proteção de dados pessoais; o direito ao esquecimento como expressão da dignidade da pessoa e do livre desenvolvimento da personalidade. O presente artigo pretende, portanto, realizar uma breve análise das três principais teorias relativas à fundamentação ou natureza desse direito, com especial enfoque na jurisprudência e doutrina espanhola, finalizando com a defesa da nossa posição e os argumentos que a justificam.
Karymsky volcano eruptive plume properties based on MISR multi-angle imagery and the volcanological implications
Authors: Flower Verity J. B. , Kahn Ralph A.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Space-based operational instruments are in unique positions to monitor volcanic activity globally, especially in remote locations or where suborbital observing conditions are hazardous. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) provides hyper-stereo imagery, from which the altitude and microphysical properties of suspended atmospheric aerosols can be derived. These capabilities are applied to plumes emitted at Karymsky volcano from 2000 to 2017. Observed plumes from Karymsky were emitted predominantly to an altitude of 2–4 km, with occasional events exceeding 6 km. MISR plume observations were most common when volcanic surface manifestations, such as lava flows, were identified by satellite-based thermal anomaly detection. The analyzed plumes predominantly contained large (1.28 µm effective radius), strongly absorbing particles indicative of ash-rich eruptions. Differences between the retrievals for Karymsky volcano's ash-rich plumes and the sulfur-rich plumes emitted during the 2014–2015 eruption of Holuhraun (Iceland) highlight the ability of MISR to distinguish particle types from such events. Observed plumes ranged from 30 to 220 km in length and were imaged at a spatial resolution of 1.1 km. Retrieved particle properties display evidence of downwind particle fallout, particle aggregation and chemical evolution. In addition, changes in plume properties retrieved from the remote-sensing observations over time are interpreted in terms of shifts in eruption dynamics within the volcano itself, corroborated to the extent possible with suborbital data. Plumes emitted at Karymsky prior to 2010 display mixed emissions of ash and sulfate particles. After 2010, all plumes contain consistent particle components, indicative of entering an ash-dominated regime. Post-2010 event timing, relative to eruption phase, was found to influence the optical properties of observed plume particles, with light absorption varying in a consistent sequence as each respective eruption phase progressed.