bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efﬁcient and Scalable Object Localization in 3D on Mobile Device
Authors: Gupta Neetika , Khan Naimul
Published: May 2023

Two-Dimensional (2D) object detection has been an intensely discussed and researched ﬁeld of computer vision. With numerous advancements made in the ﬁeld over the years, we still need to identify a robust approach to efﬁciently conduct classiﬁcation and localization of objects in our environment by just using our mobile devices. Moreover, 2D object detection limits the overall understanding of the detected object and does not provide any additional information in terms of its size and position in the real world. This work proposes an object localization solution in Three-Dimension (3D) for mobile devices using a novel approach. The proposed method works by combining a 2D object detection Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model with Augmented Reality (AR) technologies to recognize objects in the environment and determine their real-world coordinates. We leverage the in-built Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) capability of Google’s ARCore to detect planes and know the camera information for generating cuboid proposals fromanobject’s2Dboundingbox. Theproposedmethodisfastandefﬁcientforidentifyingeveryday objects in real-world space and, unlike mobile ofﬂoading techniques, the method is well designed to work with limited resources of a mobile device.
A Novel Focal Tversky Loss Function with Improved Attention U-Net for Lesion Segmentation
Authors: Abraham Nabila , Khan Naimul
Published: May 2023

We propose a generalized focal loss function based on the Tversky index to address the issue of data imbalance in medical image segmentation. Compared to the commonly used Dice loss, our loss functionachievesa better trade offbetween precision and recall when training on small structures such as lesions. To evaluate our loss function, we improve the attention U-Net model by incorporating an image pyramid to preserve contextual features. We experiment on the BUS 2017 dataset and ISIC 2018 dataset where lesions occupy 4.84% and 21.4% of the images area and improve segmentation accuracy when compared to the standard U-Net by 25.7% and 3.6%, respectively.
Detecting stress through 2D ECG images using pretrained models, transfer learning and model compression techniques
Authors: Ishaque Syem , Khan Naimul , Krishnan Sridhar
Published: May 2023

Stress is a major part of our everyday life, associated with most activities we perform on a daily basis and

if we are not careful about managing stress, it can have a detrimental impact on our health. Despite recent

advances in this domain, HRV analysis is still the most common method to detect stress, and although the

results that have been produced are admirable, feature extraction is complicated and time consuming. We

propose an algorithm to convert 1D (dimensional) ECG data from WESAD (wearable stress and affect detection

dataset) into 2D ECG images, which are representative of stress/not stress. It does not require time consuming

processes such as feature extraction and filtering. We utilize transfer learning to obtain competitive results.

We also demonstrate that model compression techniques can significantly reduce the computational size of the

algorithms, without sacrificing much of the performance, as evident from a classification accuracy of 90.62%

using the quantization technique. Results substantiate the effectiveness of our proposed method and empirically

demonstrates the potential of deep learning algorithms for edge computing and mobile applications, which

utilizes low performing hardware.
Interpretable Artificial Intelligence through Locality Guided Neural Networks
Authors: Tan Randy , Gao Lei , Khan Naimul , Guan Ling
Published: May 2023

In current deep learning architectures, each of the deeper layers in networks tends to contain hundreds of unorganized neurons which makes it hard for humans to understand how they interact with each other. By organizing the neurons using correlation as the criteria, humans can observe how clusters of neighbouring neurons interact with each other. Research in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to all alleviate the black-box nature of current AI methods and make them understandable by humans. In this paper, we extend our previous algorithm for XAI in deep learning, called Locality Guided Neural Network (LGNN). LGNN preserves locality between neighbouring neurons within each layer of a deep network during training. Motivated by Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs), the goal is to enforce a local topology on each layer of a deep network such that neighbouring neurons are highly correlated with each other. Our algorithm can be easily plugged into current state of the art Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models to make the neighbouring neurons more correlated. A cluster of neighbouring neurons activating for a class makes the network both quantitatively and qualitatively more interpretable when visualized, as we show through our experiments. This paper focuses on image processing with CNNs, but can theoretically be applied to any type of deep learning architecture. In our experiments, we train VGG and WRN networks for image classification on CIFAR100 and Imagenette. Our experiments analyse different perceptible clusters of activations in response to different input classes.
Meta-participation in multistakeholder mechanisms: Peruvian civil society and the free trade agreement with the EU

Authors: Potjomkina Diana
Published: May 2023

This paper elaborates on the relatively unknown concept of meta-participation: stakeholders’ attempts to reorganize the way in which their participation in decision-making is organized. It also applies these conceptual insights to an empirical study of Peruvian civil society. Relying on primary documents and interviews with stakeholders, the article analyzes meta-participation in the framework of Peru’s Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the European Union, showing why and how Peruvian civil society has sought to improve the way in which the participation opportunities offered in the framework of the FTA have been implemented. The article has been developed in an abductive manner, with conceptual and empirical insights building on each other. Finally, the article also discusses the limitations of these meta-participatory activities. 
Resumen: Metaparticipación en mecanismos multilaterales: La sociedad civil peruana y el Tratado de Libre Comercio con la Unión Europea
El artículo elabora el relativamente desconocido concepto de metaparticipación: Los intentos de las partes interesadas en reorganizar el modo en el que se organiza su participación en la toma de decisiones. Asimismo, aplica estas perspectivas conceptuales a un estudio empírico de la sociedad civil peruana. Basándose en documentos primarios y entrevistas con las partes interesadas, el artículo analiza la metaparticipación en el marco del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) de Perú con la Unión Europea y muestra por qué y cómo la sociedad civil ha intentado mejorar la implementación de los espacios de consulta proporcionados en el marco del TLC. El articulo ha sido desarrollado de manera abductiva, en la que las ideas teoréticas y empíricas se refuerzan unas a otras. Finalmente, el articulo también analiza los límites de estas actividades metaparticipativas.
Becoming a violent broker: Cartels, autodefensas, and the state in Michoacán, Mexico
Authors: Le Cour Grandmaison Romain
Published: May 2023

This article explores the construction – or reconstruction – of brokerage channels by violent actors in Mexico. It focuses on the construction of the autodefensas de Michoacán (Self-Defense Groups of Michoacán) and studies the process that put illegal armed leaders in active dialogue with the Mexican Federal Government, but also how they became brokers capable of controlling access to strategic political resources, economic markets, and the connections that tie local citizens and the central state. Through the concept of political intermediation, I investigate how coercion, as a skill and resource, has become central to governance in Mexico; and how this leads to consolidating intermediaries that participate in reproducing local, violent political order. This article shall contribute to the understanding of brokerage in contexts of violence, and shed new light on the political logic fueling the dynamics of violence in Mexico’s war on drugs.Resumen: Convirtiéndose en un bróker violento: Carteles, autodefensas y Estado en Michoacán, MéxicoEste artículo explora la construcción –o reconstrucción– de canales de intermediación por parte de actores violentos en México. Se enfoca en la construcción de las Autodefensas de Michoacán y estudia el proceso que puso a los líderes armados ilegales en un diálogo activo con el Gobierno Federal Mexicano, pero también cómo se convirtieron en intermediarios capaces de controlar el acceso a recursos políticos estratégicos. , los mercados económicos y las conexiones que unen a los ciudadanos locales y el estado central. A través del concepto de intermediación política, investigo cómo la coerción, como habilidad y recurso, se ha vuelto central para la gobernabilidad en México; y cómo esto conduce a la consolidación de intermediarios que participan en la reproducción del orden político local violento. Este artículo contribuirá a la comprensión del corretaje en contextos de violencia y arrojará una nueva luz sobre las lógicas políticas que alimentan las dinámicas de violencia en la guerra contra las drogas en México. Palabras clave: cartel de drogas, corretaje, México, guerra contra las drogas, Estado, violencia.
Review of Street matters: A critical history of 20th-century urban policy in Brazil
Authors: Tonucci João
Published: May 2023

Street matters: A critical history of 20th-century urban policy in Brazil, by Fernando Luiz Lara, Ana Paula Koury. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2022
Review of Emotions and migration in Argentina at the turn of the 20th century
Authors: Castiglione Celeste
Published: May 2023

Emotions and migration in Argentina at the turn of the 20th century, by María Bjerg. Bloomsbury Academic, 2022
EVALUATION OF SERUM INTERLEUKINS 1 AND 10 IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS SUBJECTS IN BENIN CITY
Authors: Digban Awharentomah  Kester , Adu Matthew Eturhobore , Adenuga Mary Abiodun
Published: May 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic and endocrinological disease that results in hyperglycemia as a result of either insulin absence or non-responsiveness of insulin receptors. Interleukins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. This study sought to evaluate serum interleukin-1 and 10 in diabetes mellitus. A total of three hundred subjects comprising of one hundred and eighty diabetes mellitus and one hundred and twenty apparently healthy subjects were recruited. Of the one hundred and eighty diabetes mellitus is made of 41.67% male and 58.33% females. Venous blood samples were collected into fluoride oxalate and plain containers and allowed to clot and the serum harvested. Glucose, IL-1 and IL-10 were estimated using standard methods. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Chicago, USA, version 21 was used for data analysis.  Our results show that IL-1 was significantly higher while IL-10 was observed to be significantly lower in diabetes mellitus when compared with apparently healthy subjects. It was observed that interleukin -1 and interleukin -10 were positively associated when correlated. Conclusively, interleukins are important in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and should be evaluated for proper understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.
EFFECTS OF WASTE CROSSED-LINKED POLYETHYLENE ELECTRICAL WASTE COATING ON THE PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN
Authors: Adinoyi Abdulfatai Murana , Rabi’u Ibrahim , SULEIMAN ABDULHAKEEM
Published: May 2023

The high cost of construction materials and increased axle loads has motivated researchers to seek alternative cost-effective materials for road construction. Studies on the use of waste thermoplastic polyethylene material to improve bitumen properties have been investigated. However, few studies on the use of thermoset polyethylene (cross-linked polyethylene) to modify bitumen have been carried out. This research investigated the use of waste cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable coating on bitumen properties. An FTIR analysis carried out on waste XLPE cable coating revealed that it is predominantly composed of XLPE material. A comparative study carried out on the bitumen properties revealed that the modifier had a decreasing effect on its penetration and ductility but, had an increasing effect on softening point and specific gravity; Hence, a considerable improvement in the temperature susceptibility and stability of the bitumen. The short-term ageing analysis carried out revealed that the modified bitumen can withstand short-term ageing requirements at 2% and 4% by weight of pure bitumen. FTIR analysis carried out on the pure and modified bitumen revealed that changes observed in bitumen properties with increasing modifier content were a result of physical changes and not chemical changes. A one-way ANOVA carried out on the properties of various bitumen content revealed that the modifier had a significant effect on the properties of pure bitumen with increasing bitumen content. The regression models developed properly described the relationship between the modifier content and the bitumen properties as they expressed very good R2 values.
TOXICITY PROFILES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF CROSSOPTERYX FEBRIFUGA LEAF (AFZEL. EX G. DON) BENTH
Authors: Isah A. O. , Idu M. , Amaechina F. C.
Published: May 2023

Crossopteryx febrifuga is one of the plants used for the local treatment of some disease conditions by the people of Nigeria via its leaf, root and bark without knowing the toxic nature of the plant recipes. This research was designed to ascertain the toxicity profiles of the plant leaf. Acute toxicity was determined in two phases using rats. In sub-acute toxicity studies, haematology, histopathology and evaluation of liver function indices were conducted. In the first phase of the toxicity study, the mice showed no observable toxic effects as high as at 1000 mg/kg. However, it caused sluggishness, respiratory distress at higher doses in the second phase. On haematological indices, white blood cell, lymphocyte, erythrocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit rose significantly across the doses administered. The liver function test revealed significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), albumin, total protein and conjugated bilirubin while 800 mg/kg extract reduced the aspartate transaminase. On histopathology, liver revealed normal hepatocytes but dilated central vein while in kidney, renal corpuscle, glomeruli and tubule were normal. On heart, revealed was active vascular congestion with normal bundle of myocardial fibres and coronary artery while in aorta, it revealed normal architecture. With the nature of the toxicity profile revealed especially at doses less than 500 mg/kg of C. febrifuga extract, the plant could be considered to be relatively safe. This study is significant as it provides information that may suggest some safe doses out of the doses used for clinical trial and application
EFFECT OF SEED SOURCE AND SEED SIZE ON THE EARLY GROWTH OF ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE SEEDLINGS
Authors: Yisau J. A. , Emilimor P. N , Odeyale O. C. , Majolagbe M.
Published: May 2023

Seed size and seed origin forms a very important element in the quality of seedlings produced in the nursery. This study investigated the effects of seed size and seed source on early growth of Anacardium occidentale seedlings. Seeds collected from mother tree at three sources (Somorin, Funaab and Camp locations) were sorted into Large, Medium and Small sizes. Collected and sorted seeds, raised in 54 poly pots was laid out in 3 x 3 factorial in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data was collected fortnightly for 12 weeks and it was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SAS. Large sized seed had significantly (p<0.05) produced higher seedling height (26.39cm), number of leaves (10.82), leaf area (82.27cm2), collar diameter (5.20mm), total fresh weight (22.72g), total dry weight (6.26g), fresh shoot weight (18.22g) and dry shoot weight (5.09g). Seeds sourced from Funaab had significantly (p<0.05) higher effect on seedling height (26.87cm) and fresh root weight (4.87g). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the effect of source on some morphological parameters, Camp location had the highest effect on leaf area (77.39cm2) and collar diameter (5.19mm). Seeds sourced from Camp significantly (p<0.05) enhanced total dry weight (5.95g), dry shoot weight (4.81g) and absolute growth rate (0.60g/week). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the combined effect of seed source and seed size on A. occidentale seedling growth. To produce quality seedlings for out-planting purpose, it is important to choose large seed from a superior source.
PROGRESS ON DRINKING WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN THE NORTHERN PART OF NIGERIA: A CATALYST TO ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Authors: Imam Naziru , Abdurrahman Nuraddeen , Lawal Isah Abdulshakur , S. Lawal Olayide
Published: May 2023

Access to clean water for drinking and domestic activities remains a critical issue in Nigeria, especially in the northern region. The increasing global population and importance of water for life have led to a quantitative and qualitative increase in its demand. This paper reports a comprehensive review of the quality of water sources utilized for consumption in northern Nigeria over the last decade. The report aims to serve as a reference point to assess the possibility of achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 (clean water and sanitation) by 2030 based on the level of quality of water sources in the region. The study found that well and borehole water remain the primary sources of drinking water in northern Nigeria, with little or no established networks of pipe-borne water across the region. Significantly, 55.74% of these sources were reported to be unfit for consumption due to poor portability. Additionally, 31.14% of the water sources were categorized as fair, meaning they required additional treatment to prevent disease outbreaks and health implications due to some level of contamination that did not conform to WHO standards. The report indicates that only 13.11% of clean water is accessible to the northern Nigerian populace, making it difficult to achieve SDG goal six by 2030 unless all stakeholders take action drastically. Failure to achieve SDG goal six could also impede Nigeria's progress towards achieving other SDGs, as they are all directly or indirectly linked to it.
METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Ficus platyphylla LEAF MODULATES WEIGHT, BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AND SERUM LIPID PROFILES IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: Ganiyu Aderounmu Ibrahim , Amuzat Aliyu Olalekan , Yusuf Abdurrahman Pharmacy
Published: May 2023

Excessive weight gain following the prolonged elevation of blood glucose and lipids is the major driver of obesity, diabetes, and related conditions. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the effect of Ficus platyphylla leaves extract on body weight, blood glucose levels, and serum lipids of albino rats. Methanolic extract from a sample of the plant’s leaves was first prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening. Doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg were administered to three groups of rats daily while a fourth (control group) received distilled water for 21 days. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. A significant (p<0.05) reduction in body weight was observed in the rats administered 100 and 200 mg/kg extract but the reduction is not statistically significant in the 400 mg/kg group. All treatments led to a significant reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels with a concomitant rise in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Our findings demonstrate that the methanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla leaves has an ameliorative effect on body weight, blood glucose, and lipids, and hence the plant could be beneficial to obese and diabetic patients.
MODIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN IMPORTED THREE-ROW ANIMAL-DRAWN MAIZE PLANTER FOR PLANTING SOYBEANS
Authors: Alhassan S. , Saleh Aminu , Mohammed U. S.
Published: May 2023

Increase in demand of functional and affordable planters and the inability of the peasant farmers in Nigeria to purchase imported planters stressed the need for development of a locally produced planters that could address the challenges encountered in grain planting. A three row imported animal-drawn maize planter was modified having identified its deficiencies. The modified planter consists of hopper, seed metering device, delivery tube, furrow opener, covering device, pressing wheel, frame, handle and traction wheel. It was evaluated in the laboratory and field using maize and Soybean as test crops. Parameters determined are planting speed, seedling emergence, plant to plant spacing, effective field capacity, germination count, planting efficiency, seed delivery rate, number of seeds per hole and percent seed damage. A combination of three planting speeds (2, 1.1 and 0.8m/s) and three seed weights (2.9, 2.2 and 1.1kg) were used for the performance evaluation. Results obtained were analyzed in a Completely Randomized Block Design. It showed that seed delivery rate was 24.8kg/ha and effective field capacity was 0.12ha/ha while the highest germination count of 83% was obtained at 0.8m/s planting speed and 2.9kg seed weight. The best of planting efficiency of 86.4% was obtained at 1.1m/s planting speed and 2.9kg seed weight. Plant to plant distance of 26.4cm was obtained at 2m/s planting speed and 2.2kg seed weight. One seed per hill was obtained at the all combinations. The modified planter has proved to be suitable for eliminating the limitations associated with the imported planter.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATION AND INHERITANCE STRATEGIES IN INCREMENTAL PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Otu Godwin A. , Usman Suleiman A. , Ugbe Raphael U. , Iheagwara Stephen E. , Okafor Akudo C. , Okonkwo Fredrick I. , Shukurah Oyebanji M. , Adedayo Adeniyi U.
Published: May 2023

Programming computers has been a herculean task for most programmers especially when codes grow into complex and larger software systems with multiple subprograms. Object Oriented Programming (OOP) has reduced the difficulty in the development of elegant and scalable software by presenting robust concepts such as composition, inheritance and aggregation. All these concepts have enormous assistance to the software developer in code reuse. Also these techniques can be used to build applications which can be delivered to customers in a record time. In this research a critical study, review and implementation of software building and enhancement using aggregation and inheritance. A module is built with attributes defining it properties and methods its characteristics. Incrementally more modules were added to the previous modules using either aggregation or inheritance technique. This incremental approach has proven tremendous success in software development. This as buttressed by many software development theories have shown that: software is built not manufactured; software is a collection of programs with functions and attributes based on its enhancement, also incremental software development which involves building systems from sub-systems gives a better understanding of software development process. Also the process of writing bug-free programs can be achieved with lesser difficulty which can be achieved when programs are built using modular or incremental software development approach, which employs mostly aggregation while moderately using inheritance only if all the properties and methods of those modules are needed wholesomely in classes. The result from the research will help programmers to enhance codes with much mastery.
EFFECTS OF WATER, KOH, HCl AND IONIC STRENGTH ON SWELLING CAPACITY OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (CMC) BASED GRAFT COPOLYMER HYDROGEL
Authors: Yahaya S. , Zauro S. A. , Ibrahim U. , Tolani A. M. , Shinkafi I. Y. , Albashir Y.
Published: May 2023

Hydrogels are three-dimensional crosslinked polymers with several uses in the administration and loading of drugs as well as the capacity to hold enormous amounts of water or biological fluids. Using carboxymethyl cellulose, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulphonic acid (AMPS), N,N-bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker, and potassium persulate (KPS) as an initiator, the CMC-g-poly(DMA-co-AMPS) was created. FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize the CMC-g-poly(DMA-co-AMPS). In distilled water, KOH, and HCl, the CMC-g-poly(DMA-co-AMPS)'s swelling capability was assessed. CMC-g-poly(DMA-co-AMPS has the largest swelling ratio in KOH, followed by HCl, while pure water has the lowest swelling ratio. Various salt solutions (FeCl3.6H2O, CuCl2, and NaCl) were used at predetermined times in distilled water to test the effect of ionic strength on CMC-g-poly(DMA-co-AMPS). The swelling of CMC-g-poly(DMA-co-AMPS) increased with the increase in salt solution concentration, and the ionic strength of a solution is the measure of the concentration of ions in salt solutions. In salt solutions (CuCl2, NaCl, and FeCl3.6H2O), the maximal swelling ratio of CMC-g-poly(DMA-co-AMPS) is 10.5g, 10.0g, and 9.5g, respectively.
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Antibiogram of Isolates Among Diabetic Patients in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Inyang-Etoh Paul , Etefia Etefia , Ejiofor Sonia
Published: May 2023

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in the urine of an individual without any symptom of urinary tract infection. This has been widely observed in diabetic patients and could be detrimental to their health if not effectively managed. This study was to identify the pathogens associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria among patients with diabetes and the antibiogram of those isolates in Calabar. Blood samples were collected for the determination of fasting blood sugar levels using glucometer. Bacterial isolations were done through urine culture and antibiogram were tested in all urine samples of the diabetic patients in this study. The prevalence of bacteriuria in this study was 26.0%. Participants aged, 41-50 years were highest both in blood sugar level (12.3+/-4.38mmol/L) and infection rate (37.5%, 18/48). Females had lower blood sugar (10.9+/-3.370mmol/L) than the males (11.3+/-4.46mmol/L) while the males had less infection rate (22.4%, 22/98) than the females (29.4%, 30/102). Escherichia coli, 46.2% (24/52) had the highest distribution while Proteus spp. 11.5% (6/52) had the least distribution. Ciprofloxacin was the most sensitivity (100%) while Amoxicillin was the most resistant (38%). There was a high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in this study. The most commonly observed organisms were Escherichia coli. Ciprofloxacin was the most sensitive antibiotics and there was a widespread antibiotic resistance in this study. It is therefore recommended that screening among diabetic patients for urinary tract infections, sensitization and strategies to promote effective drug usage be encouraged.
Lycopene Improves the Metformin Effects on Blood Glucose and Neutrophil Counts in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Sianturi Medina , Susilaningsih Neni , Nugroho Heri , Suryani Maria
Published: May 2023

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both innate and acquired immunity are weakened by hyperglycemia. Lycopene is one of the hydrocarbon carotenoids that has been widely studied for its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, furthermore act as hypoglycemic and immunomodulator. Herein, we investigated the effect of lycopene and metformin combination on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and neutrophil counts. The rats were divided randomly into six groups, each containing five rats. Group 1 consisted of normal rats (N) and group 2, T2DM (DM) rats, which were administered 0.5 mL of coconut oil; group 3 T2DM rats were administered 250 mg/kg of metformin in 0.5 mL of coconut oil; groups  4,5 and 6 rats were administered a combination of metformin 250 mg/kg with 10 mg/kg (DML-10), 20 mg/kg (DML-20) and 40 mg/kg (DML-40) of lycopene in 0.5 mL of coconut oil, respectively. Treatment was administered every day for 28 days. A model of T2DM rats was induced by a high-fat diet for two weeks combined with streptozotocin–nicotinamide. Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA test followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test. There were significant differences in FBG levels and the number of neutrophils in all groups. Lycopene combined with metformin had lower FBG concentrations and higher neutrophil counts compared to metformin monotherapy (p<0.001), and these observations were dose-dependent. Lycopene combined with metformin can improve blood glucose and neutrophil counts in rats with diabetes. The highest effect was observed in combination with lycopene at a dose of 40 mg/kg and metformin at a dose of 250 mg/kg.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Metode Speed Reading Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Cepat Siswa
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Jannah Miftahul
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the speed reading method on the speed reading ability of fifth grade students at SD Negeri 20 Alesipitto, Ma'rang District, Pangkep Regency. The type of research used by researchers is experimental, which means that research is used to look for the effect of certain treatments on others under controlled conditions. The population and sample of this study were all of the fifth grade students at SD Negeri 20 Alesipitto, totaling 11 people, and the sample was all of the fifth grade students at SD Negeri 20 Alesipitto, totaling 11 people. Data was collected using observation and also tests, the data collected was analyzed using pretest and posttest. The results showed that the results of the ability to read fast before being taught using speed reading the level of mastery was in the medium category, after using the speed reading method it reached the high category. So it can be concluded that the speed reading method can be used to improve students' speed reading skills, some of the advantages are that it can activate students during the learning process, attract students' attention and make it easier for students to understand.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode speed reading terhadap kemampuan membaca cepat siswa kelas V SD Negeri 20 Alesipitto Kecamatan Ma’rang Kabupaten Pangkep. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti yaitu eksperimen, yang artinya penelitian yang digunakan untuk mencari pengaruh perlakuan tertentu terhadap yang lain dalam kondisi yang terkendalikan. Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini yaitu populasinya seluruh siswa kelas V SD Negeri 20 Alesipitto yang berjumlah 11 orang, dan sampelnya yaitu keseluruhan siswa kelas V SD Negeri 20 Alesipitto yang berjumlah 11 orang. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan observasi dan juga tes, data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil kemampuan membaca cepat sebelum di ajar dengan menggunakan speed reading tingkat penguasaan berada pada kategori sedang, setelah menggunakan metode speed reading mencapai kategori tinggi. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode speed reading dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca cepat siswa, beberapa keuntungannya yaitu dapat mengaktifkan murid pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung, menarik perhatian murid dan mempermudah pemahaman murid.
Penerapan Model Cooperative Script untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Siswa Membaca Teks Eksposisi
Authors: Mardewi Mardewi , Mansyur Umar
Published: May 2023

This study aims to describe the increase in reading ability of exposition texts of Class X students of SMA Negeri 18 Makassar by using the cooperative script model. The type of research used was Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle is held in two meetings, including giving tests at the end of each cycle. PTK research procedures in this study include planning activities, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were students of class X SMA Negeri 18 Makassar, which consisted of 35 students. The results showed that the use of the cooperative script learning model proved to be effective in improving students' reading text exposition skills, especially during the activity of finding and searching for the essence of the exposition text, as well as students' enthusiasm and active participation when participating in group discussion activities. The increase in students' reading skills is evidenced by the average score of students in each cycle, which increased by 60% in cycle I, and in cycle II it became 89%. Thus, the application of the cooperative script model is proven to be able to improve the skills of reading expository texts of Class X students of SMA Negeri 18 Makassar.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan membaca teks eksposisi siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 18 Makassar dengan menggunakan model cooperative script. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus. Setiap siklus dilaksanakan sebanyak dua kali pertemuan, termasuk pemberian tes di setiap akhir siklus. Prosedur penelitian PTK dalam penelitian ini meliputi kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 18 Makassar, yang berjumlah 35 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran cooperative script terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan membaca teks eksposisi siswa, khususnya pada saat kegiatan menemukan dan mencari intisari dalam teks eksposisi, serta antusiasme dan partisipasi aktif siswa pada saat mengikuti kegiatan diskusi kelompok. Peningkatan keterampilan membaca siswa tersebut dibuktikan dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata siswa di setiap siklusnya, yakni meningkat sebanyak 60% pada siklus I, dan pada siklus II menjadi 89%. Dengan demikian, penerapan model cooperative script terbukti dapat meningkatan ketarampilan membaca teks eksposisi siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 18 Makassar.
Crisis care for children and young people with mental health problems: national mapping, models of delivery, sustainability and experience (CAMH-Crisis2). A study protocol.
Authors: Bennett Clare , Hannigan Ben , Elliott Mair B , Elliott Martin , Evans Nicola , Fraser Claire , Hails Euan , Jones Aled , McMillan Iain , Pryjmachuk Steven , Sawle Leanne , Vaughan Rachael
Published: May 2023

Background One in six five -16-year-olds have a probable mental health difficulty. Of these, almost half of older teenagers and a quarter of 11–16-year-olds report having self-harmed or attempted suicide. Currently, there is little research into mental health crisis services for young people, with little understanding of what services exist, who uses them, or what works best. Question ‘How are mental health crisis responses for children and young people up to the age of 25 sustained, experienced and integrated within their local systems of services’? Objectives     1.    To describe National Health Service (NHS), local authority, education and third sector approaches to the implementation and organisation of crisis care for children and young people across England and Wales.     2.   To identify eight contrasting case studies in which to evaluate how crisis services have developed and are currently organised, sustained, experienced and integrated within the context of their local systems of services.     3.   To compare and contrast these services in the context of the available international evidence, drawing out and disseminating clear implications for the design and delivery of future crisis responses for children and young people and their families. Methods A sequential mixed methods approach, underpinned by normalisation process theory will be employed. A survey will create a detailed record of how crisis responses across England and Wales are organised, implemented and used. Subsequently, eight contrasting services in relation to geographic and socioeconomic setting, populations served, and service configuration will be identified as case studies. Interviews will be conducted with children, young people and parents/carers who have used the service, as well as commissioners, managers and practitioners. Operational policies and service usage data will also be examined. Analysis of how each service is provided, experienced, implemented and sustained will be conducted both inductively and deductively, reflecting normalisation process theory constructs.
GELATIN IN HALAL PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Tukiran Nur Azira , Ahmad Anuar Nurul Aina , Jamaludin Mohammad Aizat
Published: May 2023

Since the Muslim population has increased around the world, they are more concerned about halal awareness. Therefore, there are a lot of emerging halal industries nowadays, and among them is halal pharmaceuticals. However, with the advancement of technology, gelatin-based products have been widely developed and are being used in the pharmaceutical industry. Nevertheless, its halal status can be questionable (mashbooh). Hence, this paper is aimed to study the Islamic perspective on gelatin-based products in pharmaceuticals. The study uses a qualitative method which involves a literature review from al-Quran, as-Sunnah, articles, journals, and some other references from the internet that can be trusted as data sources. Apart from that, the methodology of this study is by researching the istihalah method and fatwa in Malaysia to determine the halal status of gelatin in pharmaceutical products. Besides, this paper also focuses on the Malaysian Standard of Halal Pharmaceuticals- General Requirements (MS 2424:2019) and Malaysian Halal Certification Procedure Manual- Domestic 2020 (MPPHM 2020). The finding of this study shows that gelatin mostly comes from animal sources. Therefore, its halal status can be questionable even if it comes from permitted animals such as cows or chickens. This is because the animals are considered halal if they were slaughtered according to Islamic law only. Hence, to avoid religious concerns, there is a lot of research on the alternatives to animal gelatin such as from marine sources and plant-based sources. From the Islamic perspective, the use of gelatin from marine sources and animals that have been slaughtered according to Islamic rules is halal. However, gelatin sources from pork and its derivatives are still haram after going istihalah because its chemical substances remain the same and unchanged even after istihalah. Nevertheless, during an emergency, it is permissible to consume it accordingly if there is no replacement or alternative for pork gelatin even if it is from haram sources.
High versus low frequency transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation as an adjunct therapy to prevent nausea and vomiting in the first 24 hours after infusion of high-grade emetic chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fattori Rafael Ailton , Schlöttgen Júlia , Loro Fernanda Laís , Carvalho Pauline Lopes , Orso Rodrigo , Macagnan Fabri­cio Edler
Published: May 2023

Background: Transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TAES) has been tested as antiemetic therapy. Objective: Evaluation of the effectiveness of two different frequencies of the electrical current as adjunctive therapy in the prevention of nausea and vomiting. Methods: This placebo-controlled clinical trial compared the incidence of nausea and vomiting (within the first 24 hours after high-grade emetic chemotherapy infusion) of 61 women (54 ± 11 years) with breast cancer undergoing three modes of TAES: high frequency (HF:150 Hz), low frequency (LF:10 Hz), and placebo (P). Electrodes were fixed at the acupuncture point PC6 and a symmetric bipolar current (pulse width 200 μs) was applied in a single 30-minute session prior to the start of chemotherapy infusion. All patients receive fixed antiemetic treatment infusions (ondansetron 8 mg) and rescue medication instructions, if necessary, according to the routine for infusions of cyclophosphamide associated with anthracycline. Results: The incidence of nausea was 47% in P, 45% in HF and 26% in LF. Although not significant, the intervention with LF-TAES at PC6 acupoint reached relevant values in reducing the relative risk of developing nausea (RR = 0.51; CI 95% = 0.18 to 1.44; p = 0.18) and a trend toward improved reported well-being (p = 0.06) and a lower Edmonton Symptom Rating Scale score (p = 0.08). The incidence of vomiting and the consumption of rescue antiemetic doses were very similar between the groups. Conclusion: New studies with LF and HF of TAES as adjuvant therapy for the prevention of nausea and vomiting should be carried out to confirm this hypothesis.
Análise dos desfechos do uso da banqueta durante o trabalho de parto: revisão sistemática
Authors: Fagundes Baigorra Ramine , Silva Yasmin Podlasinski da , Furlanetto Magda Patrícia
Published: May 2023

Introdução: A humanização do parto é preconizada pelo Ministério da Saúde e incentivada dentro das maternidades. Com ela, várias técnicas e acessórios vem sendo utilizados, a fim de proporcionar à parturiente uma melhor experiência de parto. Um deles é a banqueta de parto que, ainda hoje em dia, apresenta opiniões contraditórias a seu respeito. Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente os estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos sobre o uso da banqueta de parto, principalmente durante o segundo estágio do trabalho de parto. Métodos: Revisão sistemática de literatura realizada através de busca bibliográfica digital em artigos científicos publicados em revistas eletrônicas, ensaios clínicos e estudos randomizados, no período compreendido entre os anos de 2011 a 2021, nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, BVS, Scielo e PEDro. Resultados: A banqueta reduziu o tempo de trabalho de parto no 1º e no 2º estágio do trabalho de parto. Também apresentou maior frequência de parto vaginal espontâneo. Ela apresentou maior dor quando comparada com outras posições e também maior perda de sangue. Conclusão: O uso da banqueta mostrou-se benéfica quando analisados os desfechos tempo, episiotomia e parto vaginal espontâneo. Contudo, não apresentou resultados melhores que posições horizontalizadas para perda de sangue e dor.
Efeitos de um tratamento baseado em exercícios em grupo para pessoas com osteoartrite sobre as variáveis dor, funcionalidade, qualidade de vida e flexibilidade
Authors: Leite Alany Gabrielli , Aquino Felipe Coutinho de , Ansai Bryan Kouki , Lima Yago Zangiacomo , Nakajima Rafaela Mika Takamune , Hayasaka Aline Sayuri , Souza Ariel Aparecido da Cruz , Oliveira Geovana Leticia Fernandes , Francisco Beatriz Neves , Araújo Giulia Marcondes Demasi , Fregonesi Cristina Elena Prado Teles , Fabri Alessandra Madia Mantovani
Published: May 2023

Introdução: Estudos têm mostrado que a prática de exercícios físicos é recomendada para diminuição dos sintomas de indivíduos com osteoartrite (OA). Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da utilização de um protocolo de intervenção realizado em grupo, sobre as variáveis dor, função, qualidade de vida e flexibilidade em indivíduos com OA de joelho e/ou quadril. Métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo 15 participantes, com idade igual ou superior a 50 anos com diagnóstico de OA de quadril e/ou joelho. O protocolo foi realizado duas vezes por semana, totalizando 10 sessões, com objetivos pré-definidos para cada semana, sendo realizada uma avaliação antes e após a intervenção. Para a avaliação foi utilizada EVA para dor, questionário LEFS e TSL para avaliar funcionalidade, teste de sentar e alcançar para flexibilidade e questionário SF-12 para avaliação da qualidade de vida. Resultados: Observou-se melhora significativa nos valores da dor em movimento (p = 0,005) e na funcionalidade pelo TSL (p = 0,003). Conclusão: É possível observar o efeito do protocolo aplicado sobre os parâmetros de dor em movimento e funcionalidade, destacando redução significativa da dor em atividades que envolvam o movimento, e maior independência.
Caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica da síndrome respiratória aguda grave por COVID-19 em Pernambuco, Brasil, 2020
Authors: Cavalcanti Dominique Babini Albuquerque
Published: May 2023

Objetivos: Analisar a relação de hospitalização e mortalidade por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) desencadeada por COVID-19 com as variáveis demográficas e clínicas, verificar quais os fatores de risco estão relacionados com os quadros de SRAG, verificar quais os sintomas mais frequentes de COVID-19 com SRAG e analisar a relação de hospitalização e mortalidade por SRAG desencadeada por COVID-19 com as variáveis demográficas e clínicas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional retrospectivo dos casos de SRAG por COVID-19. O estudo foi realizado com casos notificados à Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco, no ano de 2020. Todos os casos incluídos neste estudo foram confirmados através de exames laboratoriais. Para análise das variáveis categóricas utilizou-se o teste Qui-Quadrado. Considerou-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Até o dia 31 de dezembro de 2020, foram confirmados em Pernambuco 222.166 casos de COVID-19. Destes, 30.379 foram enquadrados nos critérios de diagnóstico de SRAG, perfazendo 13,67% do total de notificações no estado. Houve identificação de febre em 61,3% (18.624) dos casos, tosse em 78,9% (21.108), dispneia em 57,91% (17.594) e saturação de oxigênio abaixo de 95% em 10,53% (10.530). Idade superior a 40 anos, sexo masculino, presença de comorbidades e de sintomas respiratórios característicos de SRAG foram fatores que podem estar associados a maiores frequências de internamento hospitalar e óbito. Conclusão: Os desfechos internamento hospitalar e óbito apresentaram frequências significativamente maiores em indivíduos com idade superior a 40 anos, sexo masculino, com comorbidades, febre, tosse, dispneia e saturação de oxigênio abaixo de 95%.
Using Data Mining Techniques for the Detection of SQL Injection Attacks on Database Systems
Authors: Añasco Loor Cesar , Morocho Karen , Hallo María
Published: May 2023

In any business organization, database infrastructures are subject to various structured query language (SQL) injection attacks, such as tautologies, alternative coding, stored procedures, use of the union operator, piggyback, among others. This article describes a data mining project developed to mitigate the problem of identifying SQL injection attacks on databases. The project was conducted using an adaptation of the cross-industry standard process for data mining (CRISP-DM) methodology. A total of 12 python libraries was used for cleaning, transformation, and modeling. The anomaly detection model was carried out using clustering by the k – nearest neighbors (kNN) algorithm. The query text was analyzed for the groups with anomalies to identify sentences presenting attack traces. A web interface was implemented to display the daily summary of the attacks found. The information source was obtained from the transactions log of a PostgreSQL database server. Our results allowed the identification of different attacks by injection of SQL code above 80%. The execution time for processing half a million transaction log was approximately 60 minutes using a computer with the following characteristics: Intel® Core i7 processor 7th generation, 12GB RAM and 500GB SSD.