bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The coffin-reliquary of the holy Serbian king Stefan of Dečani (fourteenth century): wood, pigments and metal surfaces
Authors: Gavrilović Milan , Rančić Dragana , Oskolski Alexei , Matić Miljana , Kocev Milodarka , Jelikić Aleksa , Janaćković Pedja
Published: August 2024

The coffin-reliquary for the relics of the holy Serbian king Stefan Uroš III of Dečani has been made around 1343 as a rectangular chest with a gable cover. The present study aimed to identify the wood this coffin-reliquary was made, as well as the pigments and metals found on its surface. The combination of anatomical traits (diffuse-porosity, distinct helical thickenings in vessels, simple perforation plates, 3- to 4-seriate noded rays and diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma) showed that the wood belongs to linden, i.e., to the botanical genus Tilia L. (Malvaceae). The linden is one of the sacred trees in Serbian culture, and its wood could also be used due to its ease for joinery. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF analyzer) was used for in situ determination of the material chemistry of the pigments, as well as the metals on the wooden surfaces of the coffin. Their elemental composition showed that wooden coffin-reliquary was painted with vermilion, malachite or copper resinate, orpiment, and lead white, while metal surfaces were shown to be gold and silver. Unlike a commonly used palette of earthy pigments, these coloring matters belong to precious noble pigments.
Palmitoylation of synaptic proteins: roles in functional regulation and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Peng Jiaying , Liang Danchan , Zhang Zhonghao
Published: August 2024

Palmitoylation is a type of lipid modification that plays an important role in various aspects of neuronal function. Over the past few decades, several studies have shown that the palmitoylation of synaptic proteins is involved in neurotransmission and synaptic functions. Palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs), which belong to the DHHC family, are major players in the regulation of palmitoylation. Dysregulated palmitoylation of synaptic proteins and mutated/dysregulated DHHC proteins are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this review, we summarize the recent discoveries on the subcellular distribution of DHHC proteins and analyze their expression patterns in different brain cells. In particular, this review discusses how palmitoylation of synaptic proteins regulates synaptic vesicle exocytotic fusion and the localization, clustering, and transport of several postsynaptic receptors, as well as the role of palmitoylation of other proteins in regulating synaptic proteins. Additionally, some of the specific known associations of these factors with neurodegenerative disorders are explored, with a few suggestions for the development of therapeutic strategies. Finally, this review provides possible directions for future research to reveal detailed and specific mechanisms underlying the roles of synaptic protein palmitoylation.
Towards using fluorescent nanodiamonds for studying cell migration
Authors: Reyes-San-Martin Claudia , Elías-Llumbet Arturo , Hamoh Thamir , Sharmin Rokshana , Zhang Yue , Hermann Angela , Woudstra Willem , Mzyk Aldona , Schirhagl Romana
Published: August 2024

Since wound healing requires cells to repopulate a damaged area, cell migration is essential. In addition, migration plays a crucial role in cancer metastasis. Whether tumour cells can invade tissue and metastasize is a crucial factor determining their malignancy or in other words a hallmark of cancer (Lazebnik in Nat Rev Cancer 10: 232–233, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc2827). Nanodiamonds potentially offer a powerful tool to investigate these migration processes. Due to their unprecedented photostability, they can function as long-term fluorescent labels. Besides, nanodiamonds are robust quantum sensors that can reveal, for instance, the temperature or the concentration of certain chemicals with nanoscale resolution. However, to utilise nanodiamonds to study cell migration, it is essential to understand if and how the presence of nanodiamonds influences cell migration. Here, we investigate this process for the first time. We found that nanodiamonds do not alter the speed at which HeLa cells populate a scratch at any tested concentrations. Furthermore, we tested cell attachment by quantifying focal adhesion points. Oxygen-terminated fluorescent nanodiamonds influence the cell spreading, the number of focal adhesions and the size of focal adhesion points. Interestingly, this is different for other types of nanodiamonds in the literature. For these particles, it has been described in the literature that they hinder cell migration. Our results support that fluorescent nanodiamonds do not influence cell migration strongly and thus can be used in labelling and sensing migrating cells.

Graphical Abstract
Utility analyses of AVITI sequencing chemistry
Authors: Liu Silvia , Obert Caroline , Yu Yan-Ping , Zhao Junhua , Ren Bao-Guo , Liu Jia-Jun , Wiseman Kelly , Krajacich Benjamin J. , Wang Wenjia , Metcalfe Kyle , Smith Mat , Ben-Yehezkel Tuval , Luo Jian-Hua
Published: August 2024

Background

DNA sequencing is a critical tool in modern biology. Over the last two decades, it has been revolutionized by the advent of massively parallel sequencing, leading to significant advances in the genome and transcriptome sequencing of various organisms. Nevertheless, challenges with accuracy, lack of competitive options and prohibitive costs associated with high throughput parallel short-read sequencing persist.

Results

Here, we conduct a comparative analysis using matched DNA and RNA short-reads assays between Element Biosciences’ AVITI and Illumina’s NextSeq 550 chemistries. Similar comparisons were evaluated for synthetic long-read sequencing for RNA and targeted single-cell transcripts between the AVITI and Illumina’s NovaSeq 6000. For both DNA and RNA short-read applications, the study found that the AVITI produced significantly higher per sequence quality scores. For PCR-free DNA libraries, we observed an average 89.7% lower experimentally determined error rate when using the AVITI chemistry, compared to the NextSeq 550. For short-read RNA quantification, AVITI platform had an average of 32.5% lower error rate than that for NextSeq 550. With regards to synthetic long-read mRNA and targeted synthetic long read single cell mRNA sequencing, both platforms’ respective chemistries performed comparably in quantification of genes and isoforms. The AVITI displayed a marginally lower error rate for long reads, with fewer chemistry-specific errors and a higher mutation detection rate.

Conclusion

These results point to the potential of the AVITI platform as a competitive candidate in high-throughput short read sequencing analyses when juxtaposed with the Illumina NextSeq 550.
Exploring the implementation of an educational film within antenatal care to reduce the risk of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: A qualitative study
Authors: Vandrevala Tushna , Montague Amy , Boulton Richard , Coxon Kirstie , Jones Christine E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss and neuro-disability in childhood. In the absence of a licensed vaccine, adoption of hygiene-based measures may reduce the risk of CMV infection in pregnancy, however these measures are not routinely discussed with pregnant women as part of National Health Service (NHS) antenatal care in the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods

An exploratory qualitative study was conducted, underpinned by Normalization Process Theory (NPT), to investigate how an educational intervention comprising of a short film about CMV may best be implemented, sustained, and enhanced in real-world routine antenatal care settings. Video, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who were recruited using a purposive sample that comprised of midwives providing antenatal care from three NHS hospitals (n = 15) and participants from professional colleges and from organisations or charities providing, or with an interest in, antenatal education or health information in the UK (n = 15).

Findings

Midwives were reluctant to include CMV as part of early pregnancy discussions about reducing the risk of other infections due to lack of time, knowledge and absence of guidance or policies relating to CMV in antenatal education. However, the educational intervention was perceived to be a useful tool to encourage conversations and empower women to manage risk by all stakeholders, which would overcome some identified barriers. Macro-level challenges such as screening policies and lack of official guidelines to legitimise dissemination were identified.

Discussion

Successful implementation of education about CMV as part of routine NHS care in the UK will require an increase in awareness and knowledge about CMV amongst midwives. NPT revealed that ‘coherence’ and ‘cognitive participation’ between service members are vital to imbed CMV education in routine practice. ‘Collective action’ and ‘reflexive monitoring’ is required to sustain service changes.
How can health systems approach reducing health inequalities? An in-depth qualitative case study in the UK
Authors: Parbery-Clark Charlotte , McSweeney Lorraine , Lally Joanne , Sowden Sarah
Published: August 2024

Background

Addressing socioeconomic inequalities in health and healthcare, and reducing avoidable hospital admissions requires integrated strategy and complex intervention across health systems. However, the understanding of how to create effective systems to reduce socio-economic inequalities in health and healthcare is limited. The aim was to explore and develop a system’s level understanding of how local areas address health inequalities with a focus on avoidable emergency admissions.

Methods

In-depth case study using qualitative investigation (documentary analysis and key informant interviews) in an urban UK local authority. Interviewees were identified using snowball sampling. Documents were retrieved via key informants and web searches of relevant organisations. Interviews and documents were analysed independently based on a thematic analysis approach.

Results

Interviews (n = 14) with wide representation from local authority (n = 8), NHS (n = 5) and voluntary, community and social enterprise (VCSE) sector (n = 1) with 75 documents (including from NHS, local authority, VCSE) were included. Cross-referenced themes were understanding the local context, facilitators of how to tackle health inequalities: the assets, and emerging risks and concerns. Addressing health inequalities in avoidable admissions per se was not often explicitly linked by either the interviews or documents and is not yet embedded into practice. However, a strong coherent strategic integrated population health management plan with a system’s approach to reducing health inequalities was evident as was collective action and involving people, with links to a “strong third sector”. Challenges reported include structural barriers and threats, the analysis and accessibility of data as well as ongoing pressures on the health and care system.

Conclusion

We provide an in-depth exploration of how a local area is working to address health and care inequalities. Key elements of this system’s working include fostering strategic coherence, cross-agency working, and community-asset based approaches. Areas requiring action included data sharing challenges across organisations and analytical capacity to assist endeavours to reduce health and care inequalities. Other areas were around the resilience of the system including the recruitment and retention of the workforce. More action is required to embed reducing health inequalities in avoidable admissions explicitly in local areas with inaction risking widening the health gap.
Age- and deprivation-related inequalities in identification of people at high risk of type 2 diabetes in England
Authors: Watkinson Ruth , McManus Emma , Meacock Rachel , Sutton Matt
Published: August 2024

Background

Early detection of intermediate hyperglycaemia, otherwise known as non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) is crucial to identify people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who could benefit from preventative interventions. Failure to identify NDH may also increase the risks of T2DM-related complications at the time of T2DM diagnosis. We investigate sociodemographic inequalities in identification of NDH in England.

Methods

We used nationwide data from the English National Health Service (NHS) National Diabetes Audit, which includes all people who were newly identified with NDH (N = 469,910) or diagnosed with T2DM (N = 222,795) between 1st April 2019 and 31st March 2020. We used regression models to explore inequalities in the under identification of NDH by area-level deprivation and age group.

Results

Of those with a new T2DM diagnosis, 67.3% had no previous record of NDH. The odds of no previous NDH being recorded were higher amongst people living in more deprived areas (Odds ratio (OR) 1.15 (95% confidence intervals (CI) [1.12, 1.19]) most deprived (Q1) compared to least deprived (Q5) quintile) and younger individuals (OR 4.02 (95% CI [3.79, 4.27] under 35s compared to age 75–84)). Deprivation-related inequalities persisted after stratification by age group, with the largest inequalities amongst middle and older age groups. People living in more deprived areas and younger people also had shorter recorded NDH duration before progression to T2DM, and higher T2DM severity at the time of diagnosis.

Conclusions

There is under identification of NDH relative to diagnosis of T2DM amongst people living in more deprived areas and particularly amongst younger people, resulting in missed opportunities for targeted T2DM prevention efforts and potentially contributing to inequalities in T2DM prevalence and severity. More active NDH case-finding amongst these groups may be an important first step in helping to reduce inequalities in T2DM.
Palliative care is a viable option for frail elderly patients with neurocognitive disorders admitted for hip fractures
Authors: Boulet Justine , Belzile Etienne L. , Dion Norbert , Morency Chantal , Bérubé Mélanie , Tremblay Alexandra , Pelet Stéphane
Published: August 2024

Importance

Most patients presenting with a hip fracture regardless of their comorbidities are surgically treated. A growing body of research states that a certain type of elderly patient could benefit more from a palliative approach.

Objective

Identify the patient who would benefit most from a palliative care approach instead of a surgery.

Design

Exploratory-matched retrospective cohort study between 2015 and 2021.

Setting

Single Level 1 Trauma Center.

Participants

There were 2240 hip fracture patients admitted to our institution between 2015 and 2021. Patients over 65 years old with intertrochanteric or femoral neck fractures could be included. A total of 129 patients opted for palliative care (Palliative Group = PG). This cohort was compared to a matched cohort (for age, sex and fracture type) who underwent surgery but died within three months of the procedure (Surgery Deceased Group = SDG) and another matched cohort who survived more than three months (Surgery Alive Group = SAG) following surgery.

Main outcomes and measures

Medical charts were reviewed for patient demographics, autonomy level, level of care, neurocognitive disorders (NCD), fracture type, in-hospital data and outpatient death within three months of admission. Analysis was performed through univariate and multivariate models with SAS OnDemand for Academics (alpha 0.05).

Results

Patients in the PG (n = 129) were 88.2 ± 7.2 years old, 71.3% were females, and 61.2% had a femoral neck fracture. Patients in the SDG (n = 95) and SAG (n = 107) were well matched. The PG differed from the SDG (n = 95) and SAG (n = 107) regarding NCD (85.3% vs. 57.9% vs. 36.4%, p < 0.01) and the presence of Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) (19.4% vs. 5.3% vs. 3.7%, p < 0.01). There were more known heart failure (24.2% vs. 16.3%, p < 0.01) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the SDG group than in the PG group (26.6 vs. 14.7%, p = 0.02). Patients in the SAG have a significant lower rate of NCD (OR 2,7 (95%CI 1,5–5,0)), heart failure (OR 5,7 (95%CI 1,9–16,4)) and COPD (OR 2,8 (95%CI 1,2–6,3)) than other groups. Prefracture mobility, autonomy and living situation significantly differed between the groups. Median survival was six days in PG and 17 days in SDG. All groups lost autonomy and mobility. There were more complications in the SDG group than in the PG group. The end-of-care trajectory was death or hospice for most patients in the PG and SDG groups. More than 30% of the SAG group could not return home at discharge.

Conclusion

The presence of an NCD and diminished prefracture autonomy strongly support counseling for palliative care. The high rate of complications when surgery is proposed for frail patients with multiple comorbidities suggests that the concept of palliative surgery needs to be revisited.
The landscape of Medicare policies for gender-affirming surgeries in Canada: an environmental scan
Authors: Gwun Dave , Snow Brennan , Potter Emery , Walker Rachel Loewen , Millman Alexandra L. , Krakowsky Yonah , Lorello Gianni R. , Du Mont Janice , Barker Lucy C. , Lezard Percy , Sivagurunathan Marudan , Urbach David R. , Armstrong Kathleen
Published: August 2024

Background

Many studies have described barriers to gender-affirming surgery (GAS) in Canada; however, few have explored why these barriers persist. To address this knowledge gap, we sought to describe documents related to public health insurance (Medicare) for GAS to identify the types of procedures covered, variations in coverage across provinces and territories, and changes in policy over time.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using an environmental scan approach. We queried 23 government websites, the Google search engine, and an online legal database between July 2022 and April 2024 to gather gray literature documents related to GAS and Medicare. Variables from relevant documents were compiled to create a present, at-glance overview of GAS Medicare coverage for all provinces and territories and a timeline of policy changes across Canada. 

Results

Eight provinces and three territories had documents or websites related to GAS Medicare coverage (85%). We identified 15 GAS procedures that were covered variably across Canada. Yukon (n = 14) covered the most types of GAS, while Quebec and Saskatchewan covered the least (n = 6). Mastectomy and genital surgeries were covered across Canada, but other GAS were rarely covered. Five provinces and territories provided coverage for travel-related costs. Our GAS Medicare timeline showed differential expansion of GAS coverage in Canada over the last 25 years.

Conclusions 

We provide previously unreported information regarding GAS Medicare coverage in Canada. We hope our findings will help patients and healthcare providers navigate a complicated public healthcare system. We also highlight barriers within GAS Medicare documents and make recommendations to alleviate those barriers.
Chrysosporium articulatum mimicking Trichophyton spp. infection in a cat: a case presentation and literature review
Authors: Kizerwetter-Świda Magdalena , Bąk Iwona , Biegańska Małgorzata Justyna , Dembele Kourou , Chrobak-Chmiel Dorota
Published: August 2024

Background

Dermatophytosis is a common skin infection of cats and many other animals. A reliable diagnosis is crucial because of the zoonotic potential of dermatophytes. The routine mycological diagnostic procedures for dermatophytosis are widely known, but in the case of some isolates, identification based on phenotypic characteristics may be incorrect. Infections caused by Chrysosporium spp. are usually described in reptiles, but in other animals they are uncommon.

Case presentation

This study presents a description of a cat with dermatological lesions, that was mistakenly diagnosed with Trichophyton spp. dermatophytosis. Clinical material for mycological examination was collected from alopecic areas on the back of the neck, the ventral abdomen, and the hindlimbs. The initial identification based on phenotypic properties indicated Trichophyton spp. The result of the MALDI-ToF MS allowed the exclusion of the Trichophyton genus. Ultimately, the correct identification as Chrysosporium articulatum was obtained based on the sequencing of ribosomal genes.

Conclusions

Interpretation of the results of the mycological examination of samples collected from animals’ skin or hair shafts is always challenging. Thus, careful consideration of the primary cause of the clinical lesions observed on the skin is mandatory, and the culture results are worth supporting by molecular methods.
Dietary niacin Intake and its association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates in individuals with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Fu Yuqing , Xu Cong , Wu Guifu
Published: August 2024

Background

Individuals with metabolic syndrome face elevated cardiovascular and mortality risks, and there is ongoing debate regarding the cardiovascular effects of niacin and its impact on the prognosis of metabolic syndrome.

Exposure

Levels of dietary niacin intake based on 24-hour dietary recall.

Methods

Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare survival status among quartiles of dietary niacin intake. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality associated with the exposure.

Results

This cohort study included 8,744 participants, and during a median follow-up period of 106 months, 1,552 (17.7%) deaths were recorded, with 511 attributed to cardiovascular disease. Kaplan-Meier curves comparing quartiles of dietary niacin intake showed significant differences in both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates (log-rank p < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, the highest quartile of dietary niacin intake was associated with HRs of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.87, P = 0.002) for all-cause mortality and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.78, P < 0.001) for cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusion

The results of this cohort study suggest that higher dietary niacin intake is associated with reduced cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks in the metabolic syndrome population. Furthermore, there appears to be a dose-response relationship between dietary niacin intake and the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
A biomechanical study comparing the compression force and osseous area of contact of two screws fixation techniques used in ankle joint arthrodesis model
Authors: Weigert Annabelle , Kistler Manuel , Bauer Leandra , Kussmaul Adrian C. , Keppler Alexander M. , Holzapfel Boris Michael , Wegener Bernd
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Arthrodesis of a (diseased) ankle joint is usually performed to achieve pain relief and stability. One basic principle of arthrodesis techniques includes rigid fixation of the surfaces until union. It seems plausible that stable anchoring and homogeneous pressure distribution should be advantageous, however, it has not been investigated yet. The aim is to achieve uniform compression, as this is expected to produce favorable results for the bony fusion of the intended arthrodesis. Numerous implants with different biomechanical concepts can be used for ankle fusion. In this study, headless compression screws (HCS, DePuy Synthes, Zuchwil, Switzerland) were compared biomechanically to an alternative fixation System, the IOFix device (Extremity Medical, Parsippany, NJ, USA) in regard to the distribution of the compression force (area of contact) and peak compression in a sawbone arthrodesis-model (Sawbones® Pacific Research Laboratories, Vashon, WA, USA).

This study aims to quantify the area of contact between the bone interface that can be obtained using headless compression screws compared to the IOFix. In current literature, it is assumed, that a large contact surface with sufficient pressure between the bones brings good clinical results. However, there are no clinical or biomechanical studies, that describe the optimal compression pressure for an arthrodesis.

Material and methods

Two standardized sawbone blocks were placed above each other in a custom-made jig. IOFix and headless compression screws were inserted pairwise parallel to each other using a template for a uniform drilling pattern. All screws were inserted with a predefined torque of 0.5 Nm. Pressure transducers positioned between the two sawbone blocks were compressed for the measurement of peak compression force, compression distribution, and area of contact.

Results

With the IOFix, the compression force was distributed over significantly larger areas compared to the contact area of the HCS screws, resulting in a more homogenous contact area over the entire arthrodesis surface. Maximum compression force showed no significant difference.

Conclusion

The IOFix system distributes the compression pressure over a much larger area, resulting in more evenly spread compression at the surface. Clinical studies must show whether this leads to a lower pseudarthrosis rate.
Training approaches for the dissemination of clinical guidelines for NSSI: a quasi-experimental trial
Authors: Koenig Elisa , Hoffmann Ulrike , Fegert Jörg M. , Keller Ferdinand , Sicorello Maurizio , Spohrs Jennifer , Kraus Laura , Nickel Sandra , Schmahl Christian , Abler Birgit , In-Albon Tina , Koenig Julian , Ougrin Dennis , Kaess Michael , Plener Paul L. ,   the Star-Consortium, Sittenberger Elisa , Schischke Lisa , Geprägs Alina , Liebhart Isabell , Witt Andreas , Sachser Cedric , Brown Rebecca , Münch Vera , König Elisa , Niedtfeld Inga , Zähringer Jenny , Isik Hasan-Hüseyin , Koelch Michael , Reis Olaf , Michelsen Anna , Chiocchetti Andreas G. , Lindlar Silvia , Waltes Regina , Mössner Markus , van der Venne Patrice , Höper Saskia , Flach Elisa , Edinger Alexandra , Bauer Stephanie , Mattern Margarete , Herpertz Sabine , Ebner Ulrich , Santangelo Philip S.
Published: August 2024

Background

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is of high clinical relevance due to its high prevalence and negative long-term implications. In 2016, the German consensus-based clinical guidelines for diagnostic, assessment and treatment of NSSI in childhood and adolescence were published. However, research indicates that clinical guidelines are often poorly implemented in clinical practice. One crucial part of this process is the training of healthcare professionals to transfer knowledge and capacities to bring guideline recommendations into clinical practice.

Methods

The effect of three different dissemination strategies (printed educational material, e-learning, and blended-learning) on the NSSI guidelines´ recommendations was examined among 671 physicians and psychotherapists via an online-survey. The quasi-experimental study included three measurement points (before the training, after the training, 3-month follow-up) and mixed effects models were used to test for changes in knowledge, competences and attitudes toward NSSI and treatment. Moreover, the transfer of gained competences to practical work and user satisfaction were reviewed.

Results

With all three training formats, the intended changes of the outcome variables could be observed. Hereby, the printed educational material condition showed the lowest improvement in the scores for the ‘negative attitudes toward NSSI and those who self-injure’. The training effect remained stable throughout the follow-up measurement. The highest application rate of acquired intervention techniques in clinical practice was reported for the blended-learning condition. For all three training strategies, user satisfaction was high and evaluation of training quality was positive, with printed educational material receiving the lowest and blended-learning the highest evaluations.

Conclusions

In summary, all three training formats were perceived to be of high quality and seem to be suited to cover the needs of a heterogeneous group of physicians and psychotherapists. The choice of training method could be driven by considering which training goals are desired to be achieved and by the benefit-cost ratio allowing for tailored training approaches.
Recent advances in essential oils and their nanoformulations for poultry feed
Authors: Movahedi Fatemeh , Nirmal Nilesh , Wang Pengyuan , Jin Hongping , Grøndahl Lisbeth , Li Li
Published: August 2024

Antibiotics in poultry feed to boost growth performance are becoming increasingly contentious due to concerns over antimicrobial resistance development. Essential oils (EOs), as natural, plant-derived compounds, have demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. EOs may potentially improve poultry health and growth performance when included in poultry feed. Nevertheless, the incorporation of EOs as nutritional additives is hindered by their high volatility, low water solubility, poor intestinal absorption, and sensitivity to environmental conditions. Recently, nanoencapsulation strategies using nanoformulations have emerged as a potential solution to these challenges, improving the stability and bioavailability of EOs, and enabling targeted delivery in poultry feed. This review provides an overview of the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of EOs, the current limitations of their applications in poultry feed, and the recent advancements in nano-engineering to overcome these limitations. Furthermore, we outline the potential future research direction on EO nanoformulations, emphasizing their promising role in advancing sustainable poultry nutrition.

Highlights

• Essential oils (EOs) are known as powerful antioxidants and antibacterial agents.

• EOs have a high potential to replace antibiotics as feed additives.

• Nanoformulations of EOs have shown improved bioactivity and storage stability of EOs.

• Nanoformulation promotes the bioavailability and gut adsorption of EOs as feed additives.
Investigating AVHs narratives through text analysis: the proposal of Dialogic Science for tackling stigmatization
Authors: Bassi Davide , Orrù Luisa , Moro Christian , Salvarani Davide , Turchi Gian Piero
Published: August 2024

Background

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are a significant symptom of various psychological conditions, often stigmatized and misunderstood. Moving beyond traditional psychological, psychotherapeutic and psychiatric approaches, recent research shifts focus on understanding AVHs through community perspectives and the resulting stigmatization. This research approach is crucial for better support and understanding of AVHs, however it still suffers from the lack of a rigorous and shared methodology for studying and reducing stigma.

Methods

Our study, part of the Italian “PsicoVoice” project, aims to investigate community discourses on AVHs, in order to observe whether and to what extent they are drivers of stigmatisation processes. Engaging 268 participants with direct (hearers) and indirect (such as relatives and professionals) experiences of AVHs, the research analyzes a corpus of 54,320 instances using MADIT: a text analysis methodology which is both qualitative and quantitative. MADIT allows for an innovative examination of the rhetorical-argumentative structures within narratives, producing an index for measuring the narratives’ practical impact on people’ interactions around AVHs.

Results

The analysis revealed that the overall community discourses are predominantly shaped by absolute and personal belief-driven modalities. This way of conveying sense, even with non-necessarily-judgmental words, contributes to a stigmatizing environment for individuals with AVHs, cementing a static representation dominated by personal opinions and reducing the potential for more nuanced, diverse interactions about AVHs.

Conclusion

The study’s findings underscore the importance of addressing the narrative structures within community discourses. By intervening in these narratives, there is potential to shift towards a less stigmatizing social construction of AVHs. Thus, the article concludes using the results to provide some insights on how to generate these interventions. This approach could significantly impact how communities understand and interact with individuals experiencing AVHs, promoting more inclusive and supportive environments and interventions.
Teplizumab’s immunomodulatory effects on pancreatic β-cell function in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kokori Emmanuel , Olatunji Gbolahan , Ogieuhi Ikponmwosa Jude , Aboje John Ehi , Olatunji Doyin , Aremu Sikiru Ademola , Igwe Stephen Chukwuemeka , Moradeyo Abdulrahmon , Ajayi Yusuf Ismaila , Aderinto Nicholas
Published: August 2024

This review explores the immunomodulatory potential of Teplizumab and its impact on pancreatic β-cell function in T1D. Characterized by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, T1D’s management involves maintaining glycemic control through exogenous insulin. Teplizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the CD3 antigen, has shown promise in delaying T1D onset and preserving residual β-cell function. The review employs a narrative approach, synthesizing evidence from diverse clinical trials and studies gathered through a meticulous literature search. It scrutinizes Teplizumab’s mechanisms of action, including its influence on autoreactive CD8 + T cells and regulatory T cells, offering insights into its immunological pathways. The synthesis of findings from various trials demonstrates Teplizumab’s efficacy in preserving C-peptide levels and reducing exogenous insulin requirements, particularly in recent-onset T1D. Considering Teplizumab’s real-world implications, the paper addresses potential obstacles, including side effects, patient selection criteria, and logistical challenges. It also emphasizes exploring combination therapies and personalized treatment strategies to maximize Teplizumab’s benefits. The review contributes a nuanced perspective on Teplizumab’s clinical implications and future directions in T1D management, bridging theoretical understanding with practical considerations.
Financial ambiguity and oil prices
Authors: Ayoub Mahmoud , Qadan Mahmoud
Published: August 2024

Recent theoretical developments in economics distinguish between risk and ambiguity (Knightian uncertainty). Using state-of-the-art methods with intraday stock market data from February 1993 to February 2021, we derive financial ambiguity and empirically examine the effect of shocks to it on the price and volatility of crude oil. We provide evidence that ambiguity carries important information about future oil returns and volatility perceived by investors. We validate these results using Granger causality and in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting tests. Our findings reveal that financial ambiguity is a possible factor that explains future drops in oil prices and their increased variability. Our findings will benefit scholars and investors interested in how financial ambiguity shapes short-term oil prices.
Stigma and depression among obese infertile women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Koç Özlem , Karakoç Hediye , Ersöğütçü Filiz
Published: August 2024

Background

Obesity causes infertility through various pathways, including disruption of ovarian follicular development, qualitative and quantitative development of the oocyte, fertilization, embryo development, and implantation. In traditional societies such as Türkiye, having children is a determinant of social status. Stigma is defined as a negative sense of social difference from others. Depression is a common health problem in infertile women due to the stressful nature of treatment procedures, fear of treatment failure, and the patient’s inability to become pregnant. In this cross-sectional study, the sample consisted of 161 infertile women from an infertility outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Eastern Turkey.

Results

It was determined that depression scores had a strong positive correlation with stigma scores. In the multiple regression analysis performed to evaluate the effects of five independent variables determined to have an effect on depression scores, it was seen that the independent variables explained depression levels by 80%.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that stigma and depression are significant factors affecting the psychosocial and emotional well-being of obese women experiencing infertility. These results underscore the potential need for more comprehensive psychosocial support and assessment for women experiencing infertility related to obesity. Obese patients should be informed about the importance of pre-pregnancy weight reduction and should be encouraged to lose weight before the treatment to reduce the poor obstetrical outcomes due to obesity. Additionally, evidence-based guidelines should be prepared for assisted reproductive techniques for fertility treatment in obese infertile women.
β-Cell Dedifferentiation in HOMA-βlow and HOMA-βhigh Subjects
Authors: Kang Fuyun , Zhang Zhuo , Fu Hui , Sun Jiajun , Zhang Jun , Wang Qidi
Published: August 2024

Context

β-Cell dedifferentiation ratio is increased in type 2 diabetes; but its direct link to in vivo β-cell function in human remains unclear.

Objective

The present study was designed to investigate whether β-cell dedifferentiation in situ was closely associated with β-cell function in vivo and to identify targets crucial for β-cell dedifferentiation/function in human.

Methods

We acquired homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) values, calculated the number of hormone-negative endocrine cells, and evaluated important markers and novel candidates for β-cell dedifferentiation/function on paraneoplastic pancreatic tissues from 13 patients with benign pancreatic cystic neoplasm or intrapancreatic accessory spleen.

Results

Both the β-cell dedifferentiation ratio and the dedifferentiation marker (Aldh1a3) were inversely related to in vivo β-cell function (HOMA-β) and in situ β-cell functional markers Glut2 and Ucn3 in humans. Moreover, the islets from HOMA-βlow subjects were manifested as (1) increased β-cell dedifferentiation ratio, (2) enriched dedifferentiation maker Aldh1a3, and (3) lower expression of Glut2 and Ucn3 compared with those from HOMA-βhigh subjects. We found that basic leucine zipper transcription factor 2 (Bach2) expression was significantly induced in islets from HOMA-βlow patients and was positively correlated with the ratio of β-cell dedifferentiation in humans.

Conclusion

Our findings emphasize the contribution of β-cell dedifferentiation to β-cell dysfunction in humans. Bach2 induction in β-cells with higher frequency of dedifferentiation observed in HOMA-βlow subjects reinforces its distinctive role as a pharmaceutical target of β-cell dedifferentiation for the treatment of people with diabetes.
Code and Data Repository for An Approximate Dynamic Programming Approach to Dynamic Stochastic Matching
Authors: You Fan , Vossen Thomas
Published: August 2024

This archive is distributed in association with the INFORMS Journal on Computing under the MIT License. The purpose of this repository is to share the source code used in the paper "An Approximate Dynamic Programming Approach to Dynamic Stochastic Matching" by F. You and T. Vossen. The code contains implementation of main model of the paper, benchmark approaches for comparision, numerical instance generation and experimentation.
Code and Data Repository for Computing Optimal Strategies for a Search Game in Discrete Locations
Authors: Clarkson Jake , Lin Kyle
Published: August 2024

This directory contains the code required to replicate the numerical experiments of Section 4 in the paper "Computing Optimal Strategies for a Search Game in Discrete Locations". The user should be able to exactly (apart from runtimes, which may vary from machine to machine) reproduce the results in Tables 2 and 3 in this paper, plus generate the data used in the analysis of Section 4.3. The code also allows the user to run a new numerical experiment with different parameters to those specified in Section 4 of the paper (e.g. different number of boxes, different number of search games, different parameters in equation (23)).
2014 act ‘a missed opportunity’
Authors: Tyler Baroness
Published: August 2024

Peer who led review of Children and Families Act says key legislation has had limited impact on lives
Football sessions tackle mental health stigma
Authors: Jóźwiak Gabriella
Published: August 2024

Group therapy harnesses the power of sport to engage with young people experiencing difficulties who might not be reached through conventional counselling
Pendant Positioning Vs Traditional Sitting for Successful Spinal Punctures in Elderly
Authors:   Department of Anaethesiology Max superspeciality Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India., Dawn Tamasi , Batra Yatindra Kumar ,   Department of Anaethesiology Max superspeciality Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India., Rupal Sunny ,   Department of Anaethesiology Max superspeciality Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India., Kaur Komal Jit ,   Department of Anaethesiology Max superspeciality Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India., Samra Tanvir ,   Department of Anaesthesia PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
Published: August 2024

Background- The ability of the pendant position in increasing the intervertebral spaces translating in an increase in the 1st attempt spinal puncture success rate has been reported in pregnant females undergoing cesarean section. However, the same has not been done for the elderly patients in which age-related degenerative anatomical changes, decreased lordosis, disseminated sclerosis, and extensive osteophytosis is known to reduce the intervertebral space. Materials and Methods- A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in patients aged 60-80 years undergoing urological surgeries after approvalfrom the Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent from the patients. Primary aim was to compare the number of bone contacts during administration of subarachnoid block with the patient in either pendant (Group A) or traditional (Group B) position. Secondary aims were to compare the proportion of successful spinal needle placements, ease of palpation of spinous processes, patient’s comfort, number of spaces used, time to perform spinal puncture, time to reach grade III (as per modified bromage score) motor blockade, time to reach T10 sensory level and rate of complications in both the groups. Results- Demographic data was comparable and there was no statistical difference in number of bone contacts, ease of administration, success of spinal needle placements, performance times of subarachnoid block and duration of spinal anaesthesia in both the groups. Complication rates were comparable. Conclusion- Pendant positioning does not confer any advantage over the traditional sitting position in success rates and performance characteristics of subarachnoid block in elderly (60-80 years) patients scheduled for urological surgeries. Keywords: Pendant position, Spinal-bone contact, Spinal Needle Puncture, Lumbar puncture, Spinal anesthesia, Aged
Uncommon Expression of Osteochondroma in the Wrist: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, St. Helen and Knowsley NHS Trust, Prescot, Englan, Srinivasan Prajwal Anand , Pullagura Mohan ,   Department of Orthopedics, St. Helen and Knowsley NHS Trust, Prescot, Englan, Selvarajan Raam Mohan ,   Department of Orthopedics, St. Helen and Knowsley NHS Trust, Prescot, Englan, Patel Shiv ,   Department of Orthopedics, St. Helen and Knowsley NHS Trust, Prescot, Englan, Ganapathy Ranusha ,   Department of Orthopedics, St. Helen and Knowsley NHS Trust, Prescot, Englan
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Osteochondroma (OC) is a common benign bone tumor that usually arises from the metaphyseal region of long bones. Rarely, it can present in atypical locations such as the wrist and posing diagnostic challenges. Case Report: We present a 42-year-old female with an incidental finding of OC on the volar aspect of the right wrist. The patient was referred for a musculoskeletal assessment due to a painful swelling, which was slowly increasing in size over 2 years, following mild trauma. With a suspicion of ganglion, investigations including X-ray and ultrasound led to surgical excision and histological examination, which confirmed a diagnosis of a benign OC. Conclusion: The case emphasizes the importance of considering OC in the differential diagnosis of wrist swellings and highlights the effectiveness of surgical intervention in resolving symptoms. Keywords: Osteochondroma, wrist, ganglion.
Septic Arthritis of the Knee Due to Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Femur in an Adult: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, New Thergaon Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India,, Tanpure Sanket , Kharat Sagar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, New Thergaon Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India,, Keluskar Chintamani ,   Department of Orthopaedics, KBBH Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Yadav Sunil ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Bharatratna Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Yadav Vinod ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Bharatratna Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Sonawane Akash ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Medical College and Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Adult cases of septic arthritis due to concomitant persistent osteomyelitis are incredibly uncommon. This study describes a rare example of septic arthritis in an adult’s knee joint caused by long-term femur osteomyelitis. A cement rod laced with antibiotics proved to be an effective treatment for the illness. Case Report: A case of septic knee arthritis caused by reactivated chronic osteomyelitis is described in this study. Initial radiographs revealed an osteolytic lesion, prompting further imaging, including a magnetic resonance imaging, which verified the diagnosis. To treat the infected intra-articular knee joint and ream the femoral intramedullary canal, we chose open debridement over arthroscopic surgery based on the patient’s history, physical examination, and imaging data. To close the dead space and remove the infection, a cement rod impregnated with antibiotics was placed into the medullary cavity, in addition to administering long-term antibiotic treatment. This approach was successful in eradicating the infection. Following a period of rehabilitation, the patient regained the ability to walk independently. Conclusion: Cement rods infused with antibiotics are effective for delivering high doses of antibiotics locally while providing structural support to the bone. Over the last three decades, they have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in treating infections, and due to their affordability, simplicity, and effectiveness, they remain an excellent treatment option. Here, we highlight the use of colistin in making antibiotic-coated cement rods for the eradication of chronic, long-standing infection. Keywords: Chronic osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, debridement, antibiotic therapy, antibiotic-impregnated cement rod.