bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El tono en poesía
Authors: Rodríguez-Vázquez Blanca Alberta
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad mostrar que el tono –en sus dimensiones acústica, prosódica y, sobre todo, tensiva– es creador de efectos de sentido de tipo patémico. En otras palabras, se afirma que el tono es un productor de afectos en el discurso poético. La primera parte se dedica a una reflexión general sobre la poesía como un género orientado a suscitar la experiencia sensible a través de la configuración de un determinado tono. Posteriormente, se acota el concepto de tono. Por último, se analizan diferentes textos poéticos de autores de habla hispana –como Octavio Paz, María Teresa Andruetto, entre otros– a fin de conocer qué recursos discursivos se conjugan para modular el tono; se pone especial atención al papel del metro y del ritmo. El punto de vista adoptado conjuga las lúcidas reflexiones de poetas como Paul Valéry y Edgar Allan Poe, así como la perspectiva de la semiótica tensiva de Claude Zilberberg, sin olvidar algunos planteamientos de la estilística española establecidos por Dámaso Alonso y Tomás Navarro Tomás.The aim in this article is to expose that tone – in its acoustic, prosodic and, most of all tensive dimensions– is the creator of pathic-like sense effects. In other words, it is an affirmation regarding tone is a producer of affections in poetic discourse. The first part of this paper is dedicated to a general reflection on poetry as a genre oriented to arouse sensitive experience through the configuration of a particular tone. In the second part, the concept of tone is defined. Finally, three different Spanish-speaking poetic texts are analyzed –among them authors such as Octavio Paz and María Teresa Andruetto– in order to recognize what kind of discursive means are imbricated to modulate tone; it is paid special attention to the role of metrics and rhythm. The point of view adopted comes back to lucid reflections of poets such as Paul Valéry and Edgar Allan Poe, as well as insight on tense stylistics by Claude Zilberberg, without forgetting some approaches from Spanish stylistics as established by Dámaso Alonso and Tomás Navarro.
La IAP en las ciencias sociales y su diversidad en la producción científica situada
Authors: García Montes Néstor , Díaz Santiago María José
Published: December 2020

El artículo reflexiona sobre la importancia de las metodologías IAP dentro de las ciencias sociales. Ubicándola más allá de las metodologías tradicionales, éste muestra la singularidad de esta metodología desde su génesis, que aparece con el objetivo de la participación ciudadana en el proceso de investigación, a través de la aplicación de una pluralidad de técnicas y herramientas que, usadas de forma combinada, favorecen debates y transformaciones sociales situadas del sujeto en proceso. A partir de su desarrollo histórico y territorial, así como de su variedad científica, el artículo realiza un análisis ontológico y deontológico que termina con una breve explicación de una selección de ocho artículos que reflexionan sobre las posibilidades de esta metodología.Article reflects on the importance of PAR (IAP) methodologies within the social sciences. Locating it beyond traditional methodologies, this shows the uniqueness of this methodology from its genesis, which appears with the aim of citizen participation in the research process, through of the application of a plurality of techniques and tools that, used in combination, favor debates and situated social transformations of the subject in process. Based on its historical and territorial development, as well as its scientific variety, the article carries out an ontological and deontological analysis that ends with a brief explanation of a selection of eight articles that reflect on the possibilities of this methodology.
La oportunidad perdida para la gobernanza participativa y la sostenibilidad en el ámbito local: la Agenda 21
Authors: García Montes Néstor
Published: December 2020

La Agenda 21 ha sido una de las iniciativas para promover el desarrollo sostenible que mayor acogida e implementación ha tenido a nivel internacional desde que se puso en marcha a partir de la Cumbre de la Tierra de 1992. Y una de sus principales características ha sido el llamamiento a la participación de la comunidad local. Se trataba, por tanto, de un dispositivo con un gran potencial para la gobernanza y gestión participativa, pero que, en muchos casos, no ha sido plenamente aprovechado. A pesar de ciertos logros importantes, se podría decir que se ha quedado en una ocasión perdida. Algunas de las razones para que la participación haya sido, en gran medida, una asignatura pendiente en los procesos de la Agenda 21 en entornos locales, se analizan en el presente artículo.Agenda 21 has been one of the initiatives to promote sustainable development and implementation greater acceptance internationally has had since it was launched from the Earth Summit 1992. And one of the main features of the Agenda 21 has been the call for participation of the local community. It was therefore a device with great potential for participatory governance and management but in many cases, has not been fully exploited. Despite some significant achievements, it has been a missed opportunity. Some reasons for participation have been largely a slope in the processes of Agenda 21 in local sites subject are discussed in this article.
Análise de erros: um estudo com ingressantes de cursos de graduação
Authors: Ribeiro Vivian de Paula , Godoy Elenilton Vieira , Rolkouski Emerson
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar tipos de erros cometidos por estudantes ingressantes em cursos de graduação da Universidade Federal do Paraná na resolução de duas questões discursivas envolvendo funções quadráticas e compostas e suas correlações com aspectos atitudinais em relação à matemática. O artigo é o resultado de projetos de iniciação científica vinculados ao Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC) da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) e desenvolvidos no período de setembro de 2018 a julho de 2019. Para tanto, duas questões discursivas sobre funções, constantes de uma avaliação diagnóstica, de caráter não obrigatória, aplicadas a 804 ingressantes dos cursos de – Administração, Agronomia, Ciências da Computação, Ciências Biológicas, Ciências Econômicas, Engenharias, Estatística, Física, Geologia, Informática Biomédica, Matemática, Matemática Industrial, Química e Zootecnia –  foram analisadas, de acordo com os pressupostos da Análise de Conteúdo, e à luz de referenciais teóricos de análise de erros e da didática francesa.  A análise das questões indicou sete categorias de erros: leitura do gráfico, conceito de função quadrática e propriedades, operações numéricas e simbologias, interpretação do problema, metodologia, transição da forma algébrica para geométrica, conceito de par ordenado. O trabalho desenvolvido demonstrou que o uso da análise de erro pode ser uma poderosa ferramenta para auxiliar os estudantes na compreensão de regras matemáticas que, quando transferidas de um contexto para outro, sem o devido cuidado, invariavelmente, produzem resultados incorretos, além da necessidade da incorporação de situações que requeiram a mobilização de diferentes representações.
Composição da comunidade bacteriana cutânea em anfíbios na região Oeste do Pará, Amazônia, Brasil
Authors: Peixoto Andreza da Silva , Guedes Daniel de Sousa , Ferreira Andresa Krislany , Fernandes Rídel Rodrigo Silva , Ribeiro Ricardo Alexandre Kawashita , Fernandes Graciene do Socorro Taveira
Published: December 2020

O tecido cutâneo dos anfíbios é fundamental em muitos aspectos de sua vida. As características naturais da pele de um anfíbio fornecem um microambiente ideal para o crescimento de microrganismos diversos que auxiliam em muitos processos importantes para os hospedeiros. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a microbiota cutânea cultivável de anfíbios amostrados na região de Santarém, Oeste do Pará, Amazônia, Brasil. Para isso os anfíbios foram capturados em buscas ativas em horário noturno, entre os meses de novembro de 2017 a abril de 2019. O material cutâneo foi colhido por esfregaço na região dorsoventral do animal, utilizando um swab embebido em solução salina 0,85% até a diluição 10-3, e cultivado em placas de Petri contendo meio PCA. Posteriormente, o isolamento das colônias foi realizado de acordo com os morfotipos das bactérias e a identificação das cepas foi realizada por chave bioquímica para identificação ao menor nível taxonômico. Foram capturadas duas espécies de anfíbios, totalizando 25 indivíduos, sendo 15 exemplares de Rhinella major e 10 indivíduos de Rhinella marina. Foram identificadas 101 cepas bacterianas e destas 94% foram de bactérias Gram-positivo. Os gêneros bacterianos mais representativos em ambas as espécies de anfíbios foram Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus e Mycobacterium. Ainda que alguns gêneros de bactérias identificadas nesse estudo possuam espécies que sejam caracterizadas como potenciais agentes patogênicos, não foram encontrados indícios de que estariam causando danos aos animais estudados. Desse modo, é importante que novos estudos sejam realizados com o objetivo de sublimar e inspecionar a microbiota de anfíbios.
Produção de biogás através de codigestão anaeróbia de resíduos orgânicos industriais e urbanos
Authors: Nadaleti Willian Cézar , Lourenço Vitor Alves , Santos Gabriel Borges dos , Souza Eduarda Gomes de , Santos Gabriel Américo Alves dos , Oliveira Anaís França de Matos , Corrêa Anderson Gabriel , Duarte Victoria Huch , Burgo Júnior Luciano Borges , Vieira Bruno MÃ¼ller , Santos Renan de Freitas
Published: December 2020

Visando minimizar os impactos ambientais, como a contaminação de solo, água e atmosfera, causados pela geração de resíduos da agroindústria, pecuária e dos centros urbanos, o aproveitamento energético destes resíduos surge como alternativa. Caracterizada como uma tecnologia de tratamento biológico, a biodigestão anaeróbia além de reduzir o teor de matéria orgânica do resíduo, produz biogás capaz de gerar energia. Por conta de diversas variáveis e condições afetarem a produção deste biocombustível, a codigestão de resíduos orgânicos agrega positivamente, em muitos casos, na eficiência da produção de biogás, levando-se em consideração o alcance de uma melhor condição de nutrientes, bem como a temperatura é fator de grande importância. O objetivo deste trabalho, portanto, foi determinar o potencial de geração de biogás proveniente da codigestão de efluente oriundo da produção de arroz parboilizado com resíduos sólidos orgânicos oriundos do Restaurante Universitário da Universidade Federal de Pelotas e outra codigestão utilizando apenas os resíduos gerados pelo Restaurante Universitário. O experimento foi realizado durante 252 horas em temperatura ambiente e à 35°C. Como principal resultado observou-se que a codigestão com efluente oriundo do processo de parboilização do arroz mantida à 35° C apresentou maior eficiência na produção de biogás com volume de aproximadamente 7,45 dm³.
Barragens de mineração na Amazônia: potencial poluidor-degradador ambiental e ameaça à saúde coletiva
Authors: Ribeiro Mônica Moraes , Caitano Thamires Beatriz dos Santos , Ribeiro Isabelle Moraes , Pontes Altem Nascimento
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar um estudo sobre barragens de mineração na Amazônia, focalizando aquelas localizadas em Parauapebas, que é o principal  município minerador do Brasil. Foram consideradas as barragens classificadas com Dano Potencial Associado Alto - DPAA, para analisar os possíveis impactos ambientais, danos à saúde das populações circundantes, bem como  a existência efetiva do plano de ação de emergência em caso de sinistro. Justifica-se este tema motivado pelos últimos desastres ocorridos por rompimento de barragens no Brasil, ressaltando a necessidade de melhorias das condições de segurança dessas estruturas e também de novos métodos e práticas na mineração que conciliem a eficiência econômica com a eficiência ambiental. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se sob vasto arcabouço teórico, bem como de dados adquiridos em órgãos oficiais brasileiros. Os resultados apontam que apesar das tragédias recentes ocorridas no país, a fiscalização para os cumprimentos legais e atendimento às normas estabelecidas ainda é limitada e muito dependente do monitoramento das próprias mineradoras, o que eleva o potencial de degradação ao ambiente e a saúde coletiva face à exploração de minério. Mediante análise da legislação brasileira foi percebido que esta possui lacunas para o consentimento de licenciamentos frágeis e com precário poder fiscalizatório do Estado. Há ainda a existência tacanha e ineficaz do Plano de Ação de Emergência para Barragem de Mineração-PAEBM, cuja obrigatoriedade por lei é recente e que possui dificuldades para ser executado com eficiência, haja vista que atualmente, no estado do Pará, inexistem condições objetivas e eficazes de garantir a segurança destas barragens, visto que há um intrincado cenário político e econômico desfavorável ao cumprimento das normas, aliado ao exíguo número de fiscais capacitados para atuar no controle e fiscalização, de forma preventiva, para garantir a segurança dessas estruturas.
Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de extrato etanólico de própolis da abelha Scaptotrigona aff. Postica (Latreille, 1807)
Authors: Loiola Nilson dos Santos , Ethur Eduardo Miranda , Weber Ani Caroline
Published: December 2020

As abelhas nativas são importantes animais para diversas áreas de estudo, não só pelas peculiaridades do mel produzido, mas por seus exemplos de organização ecológica e por todos os demais produtos e subprodutos dessas atividades, com destaque para a produção de própolis e geoprópolis, amplamente trabalhados na meliponicultura, uma área da zootecnia que se dedica a estudar as abelhas sem ferrão (chamadas de meliponinas), como as nativas do Brasil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial antibacteriano do extrato etanólico da própolis (EEP) da abelha nativa Scaptotrigona affinis postica frente as bactérias Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans e Escherichia coli, considerando esta como uma possibilidade de uso de um recurso natural eficaz no controle das bactérias listadas, bem como dos malefícios associados a ocorrência delas. As amostras de própolis foram coletadas em meliponário localizado na cidade de Barra do Corda/MA, sendo dissolvido 100 g de amostra coletada em 1000 mL de álcool 70% para a obtenção do seu extrato etanólico, com posterior evaporação do solvente. A possível ação inibitória do EEP foi avaliada por meio da técnica de Disco Difusão em ágar, sendo utilizado como padrão antibacteriano o antibiótico Ciprofloxacino (a 60 µg/mL), com testagem do extrato etanólico da própolis nas concentrações de 0,25 mg/mL, 0,5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL e 2 mg/mL. Dentre as seis ATCC’s bacterianas testadas o Ciprofloxacino se mostrou mais eficiente frente a Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). As amostras de extrato etanólico da própolis da abelha Scaptotrigona affinis postica, em todas as concentrações testadas, não apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana contra os microrganismos testados, requerendo mais estudos e caracterizações.
Levantamento florístico e fitossociológico de praças públicas do município de Dom Pedro/MA
Authors: Cavalcante Neto Adeval Alexandre , Santos Gabriel Claudino Sales dos , Gondim Teresa Cristina Ferreira da Silva , Barroso Daniel Fernandes Rodrigues , Parente Iberê Pereira , Souza Talytha Ravenna de Melo , Costa Valéria Melo
Published: December 2020

As áreas verdes urbanas constituem-se em espaços de grande relevância para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental das cidades, sendo objeto de diversos estudos no meio acadêmico. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa, avaliar a composição florística e a estrutura fitossociológica da arborização de quatro praças públicas urbanas do município de Dom Pedro/MA: José Tonico; Magalhães de Almeida; Teixeira de Freitas; Matriz. Para tal, realizou-se um inventário total da composição florística das praças, através de análise visual, além da caracterização fitossociológica por meio da análise dos seguintes parâmetros ecológicos: riqueza, índice de Shannon-Weaver (H’), equabilidade de Pielou (J’), índice de dominância de Simpson e índice de similaridade de Jaccard. Os resultados mostraram que foram identificados 67 indivíduos, distribuídos em 12 espécies e 8 famílias botânicas.  Arecaceae e Fabaceae foram as famílias de maior ocorrência e Ficus benjamina L. a espécie com maior número de indivíduos (35), equivalente a 52,24% do total registrado. Quanto à origem, 91,7% das espécies utilizadas na arborização das praças são exóticas, com apenas 8,3% nativas do território brasileiro. As praças Magalhães de Almeida, Teixeira de Freitas e Matriz foram classificadas como de baixa diversidade de espécies (H’< 1,5). Em termos de similaridade, as praças Magalhaes de Almeida e Teixeira de Freitas apresentaram maior semelhança em sua composição florística.
Presunta parálisis periódica hipercalémica con miotonía en perros Shi-Tzú y Pastor Alemán
Authors: Pellegrino Fernando Carlos
Published: December 2020

En los humanos, las canalopatías del músculo esquelético son entidades de base genética y de incidencia muy baja. En relación al canal de sodio en particular, las diferentes mutaciones SCN4A pueden dar lugar a diversos fenotipos que van desde la parálisis muscular (parálisis periódica hipercalémica, parálisis periódica hipocalémica) a la hiperexcitabilidad muscular (paramiotonía congénita, miotonías agravadas por potasio), pasando por fenotipos combinados de las dos anteriores. Existe una estrecha interrelación entre la parálisis periódica hipercalémica y las miotonías; ambas características pueden coexistir en el mismo paciente.Este trabajo describe un cuadro clínico que afectó a una camada de 7 cachorros Pastor Alemán y a una camada de 4 cachorros Shi-Tzú, con episodios caracterizados por un fenotipo clínico de parálisis muscular combinado con hiperexcitabilidad muscular.De acuerdo a los hallazgos clínicos (fenomenología clínica, edad de aparición, recurrencia de los episodios, ausencia de signos clínicos entre los episodios) y de laboratorio (hipercalemia), y a los resultados del tratamiento con acetazolamida, el diagnóstico presuntivo fue parálisis periódica hipercalémica con miotonía/paramiotonía por una canalopatía SCN4A.Destacamos la importancia del diagnóstico clínico para estas raras patologías. En ausencia de diagnóstico genético, los métodos de diagnóstico complementario tiene valor limitado debido al carácter funcional de estos trastornos.Proponemos esta comunicación como la primera de este tipo en perros de raza Pastor Alemán y Shi-Tzú.

In humans, skeletal muscle channelopathies are genetic disease with very low incidence. Regarding the sodium channel in particular, the different SCN4A mutations can result in various phenotypes ranging from muscle paralysis (hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, hypokalemic periodic paralysis) to muscle hyperexcitability (congenit paramyotonia, myotonias aggravated by potassium), through combined phenotypes of the previous two. There is a close interrelation between hyperkalemic periodic paralysis and myotonias; both characteristics can coexist in the same patient.This work describes a clinical picture affecting a litter of 7 German Shepherd puppies and a litter of 4 Shih-Tzu puppies with episodes characterized by a clinical phenotype of muscular paralysis combined with muscular hyperexcitability.Based on clinical findings (clinical phenomenology, age of onset, episodic recurrence, absense of clinical signs in the period between episodes) and laboratory (hyperkalemia), and the results of treatment with acetazolamide, the presumptive diagnosis was hyperkalemic periodic paralysis with myotonia/paramyotonia due to SCN4A channelopathy.We emphasize the importance of clinical diagnosis for these rare pathologies. In absence of genetic diagnosis, complementary diagnostic methods have limited value due to the functional nature of these disorders.We proposed this description as the first communication of this type in German Shepherd and Shi-Tzu dogs.
Mitografía y manipulación iconográfica de la muerte de Cleopatra en la pintura occidental
Authors: Valtierra Lacalle Ana
Published: December 2020

Cleopatra es una de las figuras históricas que más repercusión y fama posterior han tenido, y uno de los temas más recurrentes en toda la pintura occidental. El episodio de su suicidio, supuestamente en manos de un áspid, cobró un gran protagonismo en la pintura entre los siglos XVI y XIX. Sin embargo, esa construcción iconográfica que se hizo de su muerte estaba basada en la visión fraudulenta que la campaña política de Octavio transmitió. Se divulgó la imagen de una reina devora hombres, una femme fatale capaz de cualquier cosa con tal de mantener el poder. La pintura a partir del siglo XVI no solo mantuvo esta idea, sino que añadió algunos elementos iconográficos que han contribuido de manera notable a la creación del mito de Cleopatra.  El pintar el áspid del tamaño de una lombriz, o el trasladar la picadura al pezón, son tan solo algunos elementos de esta mitografía pictórica. En este artículo, partiremos de las campañas de desprestigio romanas para hacer un análisis de las falsedades sobre su muerte que la iconografía posterior legó a nuestros días, y que contribuyeron que la distorsión de la imagen de la reina.
La fotografía feminista en la creación de otras imágenes de mujeres. Buenos Aires en 1980
Authors: Rosa María Laura
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo se propone analizar proyectos fotográficos feministas que surgen en Buenos Aires (Argentina) durante 1980. Alicia D’Amico e Ilse Fusková son fotógrafas feministas que reflejan en sus trabajos las reivindicaciones de los movimientos de mujeres en los que participan. En un momento marcado por el final de la última dictadura argentina y el inicio de la recuperación democrática, estas artistas toman los cuestionamientos que las feministas viene realizando sobre las imágenes de las mujeres y desarrollan proyectos en donde la identidad está en construcción rompiendo con los estereotipos femeninos circulantes.
Las mujeres violentas de la posmodernidad cinematográfica: aproximaciones y asimilaciones
Authors: García Cid Eire
Published: December 2020

Desde la década de 1980 las mujeres violentas se han multiplicado en la cinematografía, convirtiéndose en uno de los objetos de estudio más relevantes y polémicos de las actuales líneas de investigación de la Teoría Fílmica Feminista. El presente artículo explora la aparición masiva de estas figuras en los albores de la posmodernidad y visibiliza la existencia de una serie de fórmulas recurrentes, a través de las que estas tienden a representarse y que sirven a la Institución Cinematográfica para asimilarlas y asimilar, en definitiva, el trauma que producen.
Brave women sound the alarm – representations of men and women in the Swedish media coverage of #MeToo
Authors: Ganetz Hillevi , Lindqvist Lisa
Published: December 2020

In autumn 2017 in Sweden, the #MeToo movement and sexual assault became a focus of broad debate. Swedish media coverage of the movement was centred around the many petitions made by anonymous groups of women to illuminate the extent of the problem of sexual assault, as well as a few cases of accusations against well-known and powerful men in both the culture and media industries. In order to elicit common representations of men and their female accusers, this study applies critical discourse analysis (CDA) to news media coverage and Facebook comments of three of those accused men: TV personality Martin Timell, journalist Fredrik Virtanen and culture personality Jean-Claude Arnault. The results indicate that representations of women as both witnesses and heroines work to reinforce notions of female responsibility as a means to halt sexual assault, while representations of men as sexual predators build on demarcations of illegal and mere misogynistic or “bad” behaviour, which in turn reinforce notions of male victimhood. These representations point to legal discourse as hegemonic, as it seems to limit the discussion and only present individual solutions, such as women bearing witness, to the structural problem of sexual assault. Simultaneously, the results indicate that the #MeToo movement and other feminist discourse have also had an effect on news media representations of sexual assault by broadening the concept beyond the consent/rape dichotomy.
Anmeldelse af Erika Willander, Unity, Division and the Religious Mainstream in Sweden
Authors: Mauritsen Anne Lundahl
Published: December 2020

Anmeldelse af Erika Willander, Unity, Division and the Religious Mainstream in Sweden, 2020
Agricultural production in Nepomuceno-MG, Brazil, in the period 1995-2017
Authors: Vilas Boas Lucas
Published: December 2020

The primary sector, mainly coffee production, has emphasis in the economy of Nepomuceno, which has approximately 27 thousand inhabitants and is located in Sul de Minas planning region. Thus, the objective of the article was to analyze the Nepomuceno’s agricultural production between 1995 and 2017. Document analysis, bibliographic research and fieldwork were the methodological procedures adopted in the study. In the analyzed period, coffee production continued as the predominant agricultural activity in the municipality. Furthermore, there was a great decrease in rice cultivation and soybean culture growth in Nepomuceno. In general, agricultural productivity was increased in the interim studied, mainly due to the dissemination of chemical fertilizers, transgenic seeds and agricultural machinery in municipal agriculture.
Défis de réussite et enjeux de prise en compte de la diversité au collégial : expériences d’étudiant⋅e⋅s d’origine haïtienne
Authors: Lafortune Gina , Prosper Marie-Ritchie , Datus Keslie
Published: December 2020

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche qui a documenté l’expérience au collégial d’étudiant⋅e⋅s d’origine haïtienne à Montréal, afin d’identifier les facteurs qui influencent leur persévérance et réussite aux études. Des entretiens individuels ont été menés avec 34 étudiant⋅e⋅s et 19 professionnelle⋅s provenant de deux cégeps. Ils mettent en lumière que les défis généraux d’adaptation aux études collégiales sont accentués chez les étudiant⋅e⋅s d’origine haïtienne en raison de l’histoire migratoire familiale, des conditions de vie et de la condition de minoritaire. Plusieurs situations interpellent le milieu collégial quant à sa prise en compte de la diversité ethnoculturelle.
Parcours postsecondaires et professionnels et rapports de pouvoir au Québec : discours de jeunes adultes issus de l’immigration
Authors: Darchinian Fahimeh , Kanouté Fasal
Published: December 2020

L’article documente le sens qu’attribuent de jeunes adultes issus de l’immigration à leurs parcours d’orientation postsecondaire et professionnelle. Une perspective sociologique, à la fois interactionniste et relationnelle, permet de comprendre ce sens à travers le processus de négociation des relations « majoritaires/minoritaires ». Grâce à une méthodologie qualitative utilisant l’entretien biographique, des données ont été recueillies auprès de 25 participants vivant à Montréal. Les résultats sont présentés sous la forme d’une typologie des parcours d’orientation, influencés par les rapports de pouvoir égaux/inégaux perçus, par le sentiment d’exclusion/inclusion, ressenti par ces jeunes adultes, ainsi que par la relation subjective qu’ils entretiennent avec leur parcours.
Effets de différentes conditions environnementales sur la production, l’excrétion et la dégradation des cyanotoxines dans les écosystèmes d’eau douce et saumâtre
Authors: Dormoy-Boulanger Jade , Gregory-Eaves Irene , Juneau Philippe , Beisner Beatrix E.
Published: December 2020

Les cyanotoxines présentes dans l’environnement menacent l’intégrité des écosystèmes aquatiques et la santé humaine. Dans un contexte où les changements climatiques sont susceptibles de favoriser les efflorescences cyanobactériennes, il nous apparaît nécessaire de mettre à jour nos connaissances sur ce sujet. Cette revue de littérature synthétise les effets de différents facteurs environnementaux sur la production et la dégradation des cyanotoxines ainsi que sur la détoxification de la colonne d’eau dans les écosystèmes naturels d’eau douce et saumâtre au Québec. Les effets de certains facteurs traités dans cet article sont bien connus (nutriments, lumière, température de l’eau, biodégradation et activité bactérienne), alors que d’autres, aussi importants (salinité, vent, métaux-traces, pesticides et contact avec les sédiments), mériteraient d’être plus étudiés.
Conceptualizing the Aurora: An Exploration of Performative Understanding through Interactive Art
Authors: Jensen Signe Kjaer , Pop-Tiron Cristina
Published: December 2020

Aurora – Connecting Senses is a multimodal, interactive art installation which explores the ideas of the Northern Lights through sound, light, colour, and interaction. The installation creates a space where the colours, magic, and mystique of the aurora are brought down to earth and into people’s everyday lives. It is inspired by popular and scientific representations of the real aurora and invites audiences to create yet another interpretation of the natural wonder. In doing so, audiences are also invited to reflect upon the nature of the aurora and on the act of interpretation and exploration. In this article, we provide a thorough description of the ideas and development of the installation, along with photo and video documentation, and offer a critical discussion of the installation as a performative art piece with certain affordances for interaction, performativity, and active reflection. Our discussion is grounded in our observations of audiences engaging with the installation, aspiring to relate the theoretically available affordances for interaction with the differences in observed audience behaviour. The theme and reflective potential of the installation is further compared to other contemporary art pieces dealing with conceptualizations of nature or natural phenomena. By doing this, we aim to use the aurora installation as a stepping stone for addressing the potential of interactive art to highlight or even construct certain understandings of a natural ‘reality’ and for engaging audiences in a further negotiation of these understandings.
Applying a Systemic Approach to Gender Transport Poverty
Authors: Faiz Komal , Woodcock Andree , McDonagh Deana , Iqbal Sana
Published: December 2020

Transport poverty and the associated levels of deprivation experienced by women is a ‘wicked problem'. A systemic approach is needed to address entrenched societal and cultural norms that deprive women of equality and agency. The conceptual shift from ‘transport’ to ‘mobility’, emphasising access to life opportunities, provides an opportunity for more systems approaches to be tried. The ‘WEMOBILE project’ addressed gender transport poverty in Low-Middle-Income Countries using ethnographic and empathic design approaches to understand and re(present) the effects of gender transport poverty. This article focusses on insights provided by employing a systemic design to data gathered in Pakistan. In represent­ting data as system maps, gaps that hinder the effectiveness of existing solutions are emphasised as well as the usefulness of this approach in highlighting opportunities for policy and opera­tional changes.
 
Keywords: Empathy, gender-sensitive transport, systems-thinking, Low-Middle-Income Countries, Pakistan.
A High‐Performance Lithium Metal Battery with Ion‐Selective Nanofluidic Transport in a Conjugated Microporous Polymer Protective Layer
Authors: Zhang Kun , Liu Wei , Gao Yuliang , Wang Xiaowei , Chen Zhongxin , Ning Ruiqi , Yu Wei , Li Runlai , Li Li , Li Xing , Yuan Kai , Ma Li , Li Nan , Shen Chao , Huang Wei , Xie Keyu , Loh Kian Ping
Published: December 2020

Lithium metal is the “holy grail” of anodes, capable of unlocking the full potential of cathodes in next‐generation batteries. However, the use of pure lithium anodes faces several challenges in terms of safety, cycle life, and rate capability. Herein, a solution‐processable conjugated microporous thermosetting polymer (CMP) is developed. The CMP can be further converted into a large‐scale membrane with nanofluidic channels (5–6 Å). These channels can serve as facile and selective Li‐ion diffusion pathways on the surfaces of lithium anodes, thereby ensuring stable lithium stripping/plating even at high areal current densities. CMP‐modified lithium anodes (CMP‐Li) exhibit cycle stability of 2550 h at an areal current density of 20 mA cm−2. Furthermore, CMP is readily amenable to solution‐processing and spray coating, rendering it highly applicable to continuous roll‐to‐roll lithium metal treatment processes. Pouch cells with CMP‐Li as the anode and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) as the cathode exhibits a stable energy density of 400 Wh kg−1.
Interface Engineering of Air Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Luo Minghe , Sun Wenping , Xu Ben Bin , Pan Hongge , Jiang Yinzhu
Published: December 2020

In the face of high costs and the insufficient energy density of current lithium‐ion batteries, aqueous rechargeable zinc (Zn)–air batteries with the advantages of low cost, environmental benignity, safety, and high energy density have been growing in importance in recent years. The practical application of Zn–air batteries, however, is severely restricted by the high overpotential, which is associated with the inherent sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of air electrocatalysts. Recently, engineering heterostructured/hybrid electrocatalysts with modulated interface chemistry have been demonstrated as an effective strategy to improve the catalytic performance. Significant electronic effects, geometric effects, coordination effects, synergistic effects, and confinement effects occur at the heterostructure interface, which intensely affect electrocatalysts’ performance in terms of intrinsic activity, active site density, and durability. In this review, the recent progress in the development of heterostructured air electrocatalysts by interface engineering is summarized. Particularly, the potential relationship between interface chemistry and oxygen electrocatalysis kinetics is bridged and outlined. This review provides a comprehensive and in‐depth outline of the crucial role of the well‐defined interfaces towards fast oxygen electrocatalysis, and offers a solid scientific basis for the rational design of efficient heterostructured air electrocatalysts and beyond.
Physicochemical and bread‐making characteristics of millstreams obtained from an experimental long‐flow mill in hard red spring wheat
Authors: Baasandorj Tsogtbayar , Ohm Jae‐Bom , Simsek Senay
Published: December 2020

Background and Objective

Limited data have been reported on the evaluation of physicochemical characteristics in millstreams (MS) obtained from large‐scale mills for hard red spring (HRS) wheat. Therefore, this research was designed to evaluate the MIAG‐Multomat mill that is a large‐scale experimental mill imitating the commercial flour mills.

Findings

The MIAG‐Multomat mill yielded different trends across MS for ash and arabinoxylan. Specifically, reduction MS had lower ash content but higher arabinoxylan content than break MS. Moreover, arabinoxylan and other factors such as damaged starch content and coarse particle (over 600‐µm) percent had significant (p < .05) correlations with bread‐making traits including mixograph peak time, water absorption, and bread loaf volume, while ash had nonsignificant correlations with these quality traits.

Conclusions

This research investigated the influence of physicochemical characteristics on bread‐making quality for the MIAG‐Multomat MS. Overall, the arabinoxylan, starch damage content, and coarse particle percent rather than flour ash content were identified as primary physicochemical components to influence variation of bread‐making traits for MIAG‐Multomat MS for HRS wheat.

Significance and Novelty

The knowledge on composition of MS obtained in this research is valuable to optimize the functionality of flour blends, especially, in the long‐flow milling of HRS wheat.
Fabrication of Transparent Polymer Optical Device Combined with Selective Visible‐Light Transmission and Zero‐Birefringence
Authors: Chen Dan , Wang Yunming , Fu Yue , Zhou Huamin
Published: December 2020

The formation of optical products using the traditional molten processing methods is a direct and extensive application of optical fields, and it suffers from intrinsic birefringence and optical distortion due to polymer orientation and residual stress. Here, a unique concept is proposed by assembling photonic crystal nanospheres without orientation in a rubbery state to realize transparent optical devices with zero‐birefringence and high transparency. By developing fabrication techniques for transparent zero‐birefringence optical devices, certain outstanding performances are realized, including no optical distortion and excellent mechanical properties. Simultaneously, by controlling the particle size of the photonic crystal, one has successfully obtained transparent optical devices with the visible light selective transmission are successfully obtained. The transparent zero‐birefringence optical devices are promising candidates for potential applications for fine optical devices. The work opens up an exciting new fabrication route for zero‐birefringence and highly transparent polymer devices that have been difficult to create using traditional methods.
Safety and efficacy of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells with teriparatide for osteoporotic vertebral fractures: A phase I/IIa study
Authors: Shim JeongHyun , Kim Kyoung-Tae , Kim Kwang Gi , Choi Un-Yong , Kyung Jae Won , Sohn Seil , Lim Sang Heon , Choi Hyemin , Ahn Tae-Keun , Choi Hye Jeong , Shin Dong-Eun , Han Inbo
Published: December 2020

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are serious health problems. We conducted a randomized, open-label, phase I/IIa study to determine the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) and teriparatide (parathyroid hormone 1-34) in OVCFs. Twenty subjects with recent OVCFs were randomized to teriparatide (20 μg/day, daily subcutaneous injection for 6 months) treatment alone or combined treatment of WJ-MSCs (intramedullary [4 × 107 cells] injection and intravenous [2 × 108 cells] injection after 1 week) and teriparatide (20 μg/day, daily subcutaneous injection for 6 months). Fourteen subjects (teriparatide alone, n = 7; combined treatment, n = 7) completed follow-up assessment (visual analog scale [VAS], Oswestry Disability Index [ODI], Short Form-36 [SF-36], bone mineral density [BMD], bone turnover measured by osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DXA], computed tomography [CT]). Our results show that (a) combined treatment with WJ-MSCs and teriparatide is feasible and tolerable for the patients with OVCFs; (b) the mean VAS, ODI, and SF-36 scores significantly improved in the combined treatment group; (c) the level of bone turnover markers were not significantly different between the two groups; (d) BMD T-scores of spine and hip by DXA increased in both control and experimental groups without a statistical difference; and (e) baseline spine CT images and follow-up CT images at 6 and 12 months showed better microarchitecture in the combined treatment group. Our results indicate that combined treatment of WJ-MSCs and teriparatide is feasible and tolerable and has a clinical benefit for fracture healing by promoting bone architecture. Clinical trial registration: https://nedrug.mfds.go.kr/, MFDS: 201600282-30937.
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of allopregnanolone as a regenerative therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease: A single and multiple ascending dose phase 1b/2a clinical trial
Authors: Hernandez Gerson D. , Solinsky Christine M. , Mack Wendy J. , Kono Naoko , Rodgers Kathleen E. , Wu Chun‐Yi , Mollo Ana R. , Lopez Claudia M. , Pawluczyk Sonia , Bauer Gerhard , Matthews Dawn , Shi Yonggang , Law Meng , Rogawski Michael A. , Schneider Lon S. , Brinton Roberta D.
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Allopregnanolone is an endogenous neurosteroid with the potential to be a novel regenerative therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Foundations of mechanistic understanding and well‐established preclinical safety efficacy make it a viable candidate.

Methods

A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, single and multiple ascending dose trial was conducted. Intravenous allopregnanolone or placebo was administered once‐per‐week for 12 weeks with a 1‐month follow‐up. Participants with early AD (mild cognitive impairment due to AD or mild AD), a Mini‐Mental State Examination score of 20–26 inclusive, and age ≥55 years were randomized (6:2 to three allopregnanolone dosing cohorts or one placebo cohort). Primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and maximally tolerated dose (MTD). Exploratory endpoints included cognitive and imaging biomarkers.

Results

A total of 24 participants completed the trial. Allopregnanolone was safe and well tolerated in all study participants. No differences were observed between treatment arms in the occurrence and severity of adverse events (AE). Most common AE were mild to moderate in severity and included rash (n = 4 [22%]) and fatigue (n = 3 [17%]). A single non‐serious AE, dizziness, was attributable to treatment. There was one serious AE not related to treatment. Pharmacokinetics indicated a predictable linear dose‐response in plasma concentration of allopregnanolone after intravenous administration over 30 minutes. The maximum plasma concentrations for the 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, and 10 mg dosages were 14.53 ng/mL (+/−7.31), 42.05 ng/mL (+/−14.55), 60.07 ng/mL (+/−12.8), and 137.48 ng/mL (+/−38.69), respectively. The MTD was established based on evidence of allopregnanolone‐induced mild sedation at the highest doses; a sex difference in the threshold for sedation was observed (males 10 mg; females 14 mg). No adverse outcomes on cognition or magnetic resonance imaging–based imaging outcomes were evident.

Conclusions

Allopregnanolone was well tolerated and safe across all doses in persons with early AD. Safety, MTD, and PK profiles support advancement of allopregnanolone as a regenerative therapeutic for AD to a phase 2 efficacy trial.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov‐NCT02221622
Modernization: China’s Worldwide Influence and Contribution
Authors: Hu Angang , Yan Yilong , Tang Xiao , Liu Shenglong
Published: December 2020

We will stay on the path of peaceful development and continue to pursue a mutually beneficial strategy of opening up. China will not only develop, but also highlight its responsibility for and contributions to the world, and we will not only benefit the Chinese people, but also benefit the people of the world. The realization of the Chinese dream will bring peace to the world, instead of turbulence; it will bring opportunities, instead of threats.
Risk for developing perianal abscess in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the impact of poor glycemic control
Authors: Adamo Karin , Gunnarsson Ulf , Eeg-Olofsson Katarina , Strigård Karin , Brännström Fredrik
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The primary aim of this study was to see whether perianal abscess rate differs between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. A secondary aim was to determine whether poor glycemic control increases the risk for perianal abscess.

Methods

Data from the Swedish National Diabetes Registry and the Swedish National Patient Registry between January 2008 and June 2015 were matched. The risk for anal abscess was evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses with type of diabetes, HbA1c level, BMI, and various diabetes complications as independent factors.

Results

Patients with type 1 diabetes had a lower rate of perianal abscess than patients with type 2 diabetes when adjusted for HbA1c, sex, and age (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.57–0.73). The risk for perianal abscess increased with higher HbA1c. Incidence of perianal abscess was also elevated in diabetes patients with complications related to poor glycemic control such as ketoacidosis and coma (OR 2.63; 95% CI 2.06–3.35), gastroparesis, and polyneuropathy (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.41–2.32).

Conclusions

The prevalence of perianal abscess was higher among patients with type 2 diabetes than those with type 1, suggesting that metabolic derangement may be more important than autoimmune factors. Poor glycemic control was associated with higher risk for perianal abscess.
Moral Encroachment, Wokeness, and the Epistemology of Holding
Authors: Atkins J. Spencer
Published: December 2020

Hilde Lindemann argues that personhood is the shared practice of recognizing and responding to one another. She calls this practice holding. Holding, however, can fail. Holding failure, by stereotyping for example, can inhibit others’ epistemic confidence and ability to recall true beliefs as well as create an environment of racism or sexism. How might we avoid holding failure? Holding failure, I argue, has many epistemic dimensions, so I argue that moral encroachment has the theoretical tools available to avoid holding failures. The goal of this paper, therefore, is to articulate and understand the epistemology of holding in an attempt to remedy holding failure. I show that the virtue of wokeness emerges from an epistemic environment tainted with moral encroachment. I argue that as long as an individual is woke, she will have a tendency to avoid holding failures. Wokeness and moral encroachment, consequently, are fundamental to the epistemology of holding and consistent proper holding.
An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Supreme Court Justices’ Public Rhetoric on Perceptions of Judicial Legitimacy
Authors: Strother Logan , Glennon Colin
Published: December 2020

Public support for the US Supreme Court has been trending downward for more than a decade. High-profile decisions and hotly contested nominations have drawn the Court into our polarized politics. Recently, some justices have spent considerable time and energy giving interviews, speeches, and the like, assuring the public that the Court is an apolitical, neutral arbiter of disputes, distinct from the “political” branches. In this context, we turn to an understudied potential source of judicial legitimacy: the off-bench public rhetoric of Supreme Court justices. In this article, we present evidence from three original survey experiments to argue that Supreme Court justices’ off-bench rhetoric can powerfully influence public perceptions of the Court’s institutional legitimacy. Furthermore, these studies show that performance approval is key to changes in legitimacy: respondents who disapprove of a Court decision were immune to the effects of justices’ rhetoric.