bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water, Climate, and Economy in India from 1880 to the Present
Authors: Roy Tirthankar
Published: March 2021

Theories of economic growth based on Western Europe are inadequate when applied to India because the two areas are incommensurate in their geographies and their resources. Because its initial conditions were different from those in, say, Europe and North America, India could arrive at economic growth only by solving different problems—preeminent among them being reliable access to clean water. The actions taken by the state, scientists, and society since 1880 in India weakened the chains that linked water insecurity, low yield, mass mortality, and caste-biased mortality but at the inevitable cost of ecological stress. In a tropical-monsoon climate, where well-being and the environment were constantly in flux, asking deprived individuals to consume less or cooperate more was not necessarily the best response to water problems. Science and capitalism provided better solutions.
Formation of Nocturnal Offshore Rainfall near the West Coast of Sumatra: Land Breeze or Gravity Wave?
Authors: Bai Hedanqiu , Deranadyan Gumilang , Schumacher Courtney , Funk Aaron , Epifanio Craig , Ali Abdullah , Endarwin  , Radjab Fachri , Adriyanto Riris , Nurhayati Noer , Nugraha Yudha , Fauziah Annisa
Published: March 2021

Afternoon deep convection over the Maritime Continent islands propagates offshore in the evening to early morning hours, leading to a nocturnal rainfall maximum over the nearby ocean. This work investigates the formation of the seaward precipitation migration off western Sumatra and its intraseasonal and seasonal characteristics using BMKG C-band radar observations from Padang and ERA5 reanalysis. A total of 117 nocturnal offshore rainfall events were identified in 2018, with an average propagation speed of 4.5 m s−1 within 180 km of Sumatra. Most offshore propagation events occur when the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is either weak (real-time multivariate MJO index < 1) or active over the Indian Ocean (phases 1–3), whereas very few occur when the MJO is active over the Maritime Continent and western Pacific Ocean (phases 4–6). The occurrence of offshore rainfall events also varies on the basis of the seasonal evolution of the large-scale circulation associated with the Asian–Australian monsoons, with fewer events during the monsoon seasons of December–February and June–August and more during the transition seasons of March–May and September–November. Low-level convergence, resulting from the interaction of the land breeze and background low-level westerlies, is found to be the primary driver for producing offshore convective rain propagation from the west coast of Sumatra. Stratiform rain propagation speeds are further increased by upper-level easterlies, which explains the faster migration speed of high reflective clouds observed by satellite. However, temperature anomalies associated with daytime convective latent heating over Sumatra indicate that gravity waves may also modulate the offshore environment to be conducive to seaward convection migration.
Satisfaction, Preparedness, and Implementation: Teacher Culture and Climate in Magnet School Conversions
Authors: Austin Tatiana , Roegman Rachel
Published: March 2021

In this study, we examine teacher perspectives of magnet school implementation in two recently converted elementary schools that had received federal grants to reduce minority group isolation. We draw on 2 years of data on teacher perspectives related to satisfaction, preparedness, and implementation of the magnet program. Surprisingly, we found that as involvement and a sense of preparation increased, teacher satisfaction decreased from the planning year to first year of implementation. We conclude by considering the implications of these findings for magnet school success in creating staff culture and climate that are more likely to support successful magnet implementation.
On Shrieking the Truth: Mary and Proclamatory Wailing
Authors: McCray Donyelle C.
Published: March 2021

Drawing on examples of the Virgin Mary, Margery Kempe, and Mothers of the Movement, this article explores wailing as a form of prophetic speech. According to Christian tradition, the Virgin Mary wailed at the crucifixion, and her cries constituted a substantive message of judgment and lament. Many in the medieval church considered her a preeminent preacher. Margery Kempe, a medieval pilgrim preacher, and the Mothers of the Movement, African American activist-mourners, also herald a divine message through wailing. In illuminating this form of bearing witness, this essay considers the sonic dimensions of the gospel, the authority of the preacher, and the nature of divine revelation.
Metacognition as a Mental Health Support Strategy for Students With Anxiety
Authors: Weight Kathi , Bond John B.
Published: March 2021

Mental health issues can have a profound impact on school performance, with anxiety creating significant challenges in the classroom setting. As teachers work to address barriers to learning, schools must develop a system to fully address the growing needs of students with anxiety. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between metacognition and its use as a mental health support strategy for students suffering from anxiety. Results of the study showed a statistically significant relationship between the use of metacognition, self-regulation as a component of metacognition, and teacher confidence level in supporting students with anxiety. This study works to further advance the growing body of knowledge regarding the teacher’s role in the support of mental health needs of students.
Sexual Disembodiment: Sexual Energy, Trauma, and the Body
Authors: Malkemus Samuel Arthur , Smith Jessica F.
Published: March 2021

This article introduces the concept of sexual disembodiment as a functional term for understanding the bodily dynamics of sexual trauma and the dissociative process that may follow. Its contribution lies in bringing an understanding of sexual health and sexual trauma into the framework of somatic psychology. It is suggested that sexual disembodiment can occur when the experience of sexuality causes distress; sexuality is then coupled with fear, dissociated to varying degrees, and suppressed from embodied awareness. While recognizing the primary role that biology and neurophysiology play in the formation of sexual identity, the authors also highlight the social construction of sexual life and suggest that oppression of nonnormative sexual identities can constrain healthy sexual expression. This article takes a holistic approach to sexual experience, combining an experiential understanding of sexual energy with a neurophysiological understanding of sexual trauma to frame a perspective on sexual disembodiment that is person-centered, socially informed, and critical of reductive tendencies within biomedical models of mental health. It is suggested that healing sexual disembodiment may be a critical step in liberating authentic sexual identity.
Undergraduate psychology student experiences during COVID-19: challenges encountered and lessons learnt
Authors: Laher Sumaya , Bain Katherine , Bemath Nabeelah , de Andrade Victor , Hassem Tasneem
Published: March 2021

National strategies to manage COVID-19, including lockdown, have caused significant disruption to student learning and to the ways that students engage with staff and peers. The transition to online learning, alongside common anxieties associated with the disease itself, was likely to have affected student mental health. This study explored psychology student mental health experiences during Lockdown Phase 3 at the University of the Witwatersrand. A convenience sample of 160 first- and second-year psychology students completed a questionnaire consisting of the General Mental Health Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Burnout Measure, the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Generalised Self Efficacy Scale. In addition, six open-ended questions asking students about their experiences and support during this time were included. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data, whereas content and thematic analysis was used for the open-ended responses. Results indicated that students’ scores were not elevated on the mental health scales. However, the thematic analysis of responses revealed significant concerns with regard to psychological wellbeing, online learning, and home dynamics. These are discussed with a view to providing recommendations for supporting students in circumstances that may require emergency remote teaching.
Impact of ETF Listing on the Returns Generated by Underlying Stocks: Indian Evidence
Authors: Kaur Prabhdeep , Singh Jaspal
Published: March 2021

The advent of exchange traded funds (ETFs) has rendered index trading much affordable compared to their futures counterparts. The present study attempts to examine the impact of ETF listing on the price of the constituent securities of the index that it aims to track. The sample comprises of all the equity ETFs listed in India from 1 January 2002 to 31 March 2019. Event study analysis has been used to examine whether listing of ETFs bore any price impact on the constituent stocks of ETFs. To account for robustness, both parametric and non-parametric tests have been employed. The estimates obtained from event study analysis revealed that the constituent stocks generated insignificant returns for the period extending from January 2002 to March 2009 and April 2009 to March 2013 but positive and significant cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) post ETF listing for the period ranging from April 2013 to March 2019, thus providing evidence in support of positive price impact. The permission granted to pension funds, insurers and Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) to invest their funds in ETFs as well as reduction in Securities Transaction Tax (STT) account for the observed price differential. An analysis of the factors accounting for the variation in valuation effects ascertained that the stocks that were traded thinly prior to ETF listing and those forming part of ETFs with larger asset base experienced positive price impact following ETF listing.

JEL Codes: G11, G14
Retrospective analysis of outcome and toxicity after postoperative radiotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lip
Authors: Lang Kristin , Akbaba Sati , Held Thomas , El Shafie Rami , Farnia Benjamin , Bougatf Nina , Bernhardt Denise , Freudlsperger Christian , Plinkert Peter K. , Rieken Stefan , Debus Jürgen , Adeberg Sebastian
Published: March 2021

Background:

Carcinomas of the lips are a relatively common malignancy of the head and neck region, accounting for roughly one quarter of all oral cavity cancers. Compared to other oral cancer sites, this location has a favorable prognosis, with 5-year survival rates between 85% and 95%. This study summarizes our institutional experience in utilizing postoperative radiation for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper and/or lower lip following incomplete surgical resection or positive lymph node involvement with extracapsular extension.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients at the University Hospital of Heidelberg between 2005 and 2018 treated with postoperative radiotherapy of the upper and lower lip. Nineteen patients were identified with a median age at diagnosis of 67 years (range, 41–95 years), with 58% male and 42% female patients. Fourteen patients (73.7%) underwent neck dissection, with 5 (35.7%) found to have extracapsular extension (ECE) and positive resection margin (R1/2), 2 (14.3%) only ECE, and 7 (50.0%) with only R1/2. All patients received a median cumulative dose of 66.0 Gy (range, 60.0–70.0 Gy) in a median of 2.0 Gy per fraction (range, 1.8–2.2 Gy).

Results:

Median follow-up was 5.2 years. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.9 years (range, 0.2–12.4 years), local disease-free survival (LDFS) was 4 years (range, 1–12 years) and overall survival (OS) was 5.2 years (range, 0.2–12.4 years). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for OS, PFS, and LDFS were 61.4%, 85.7%, and 100.0%, respectively. At last follow-up, 13 patients (68.4%) were still alive. Although no patient developed locoregional relapse, two patients developed distant relapse at a median of 15 months after radiotherapy. There was a statistically significant improvement in OS in patients treated with higher radiotherapy doses (>60.0 Gy, p = 0.044) compared to lower radiotherapy doses. PFS was significantly improved among patients who had N0 disease, with a negative resection margin, without ECE, and who were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy to doses >60.0 Gy. No grade 3/4 toxicity was detected; the most common grade 1/2 toxicities included dermatitis (n = 11, 57.9%), oral mucositis (n = 8, 42.1%), and dysphagia (n = 8, 42.1%).

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrate excellent local control and OS with acceptable toxicity when utilizing postoperative radiotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper and lower lip, despite unfavorable characteristics (advanced T or N stage and/or ECE).
Methods for measuring friction-independent flow stress curve to large strains using hyperbolic shaped compression specimen
Authors: Chen Junfu , Guan Zhiping , Xing Jingsheng , Song Jiawang , Gao Dan , Ren Mingwen , Zhao Po
Published: March 2021

The accurate measurement of flow stress curve to large strains using cylindrical compression specimen is always a great challenge due to the influence of friction. Recently, the present authors designed a hyperbolic shaped compression (HSC) specimen which can yield an average true stress- strain curve independent of friction and proposed a stress correction function for fast estimation of flow stress curve to large strains. The aim of this paper is threefold. Firstly, to investigate whether the analytical method for stress correction of tensile necking can, or cannot, be extended to HSC specimen for correcting average true stress into flow stress. Secondly, to develop an inverse method based on Kriging surrogate model for identifying the optimal parameters of modified Voce model using HSC specimen. Lastly, the advantages and disadvantages of these three methods were compared and the recommendations for application were also discussed. The results show that the analytical method is more suitable to the stress correction for material with higher n-value but shows worse capability for correcting flow stress related to large strains for material with lower n-value. For Q420 steel, the maximum strain achieved by HSC specimen (0.8) is far higher than that achieved by cylindrical tension specimen (0.55). The analytical method can correct the flow stress in the strain range of 0–0.5 effectively but underestimating the flow stress in the strain range of 0.5–0.8 due to its low n-value. Both inverse method and stress correction function can determine the flow stress in the strain range of 0–0.8 successfully. Thus, for isotropic material with tension–compression yield symmetry, it is recommended to use the HSC specimen instead of conventional tension and compression tests of cylindrical specimens to determine the flow stress curve to large strains.
Development and Evaluation of Cooperative Intersection Management Algorithm under Connected and Automated Vehicles Environment
Authors: Gutesa Slobodan , Lee Joyoung , Besenski Dejan
Published: March 2021

Recent technological advancements in the automotive and transportation industry established a firm foundation for development and implementation of various connected and automated vehicle solutions around the globe. Wireless communication technologies such as the dedicated short-range communication protocol are enabling information exchange between vehicles and infrastructure. This research paper introduces an intersection management strategy for a corridor with automated vehicles utilizing vehicular trajectory-driven optimization method. Trajectory-Driven Optimization for Automated Driving provides an optimal trajectory for automated vehicles based on current vehicle position, prevailing traffic, and signal status on the corridor. All inputs are used by the control algorithm to provide optimal trajectories for automated vehicles, resulting in the reduction of vehicle delay along the signalized corridor with fixed-time signal control. The concept evaluation through microsimulation reveals that, even with low market penetration (i.e., less than 10%), the technology reduces overall travel time of the corridor by 2%. Further increase in market penetration produces travel time and fuel consumption reductions of up to 19.5% and 22.5%, respectively.
Neighborhood Effects of Safe Routes to School Programs on the Likelihood of Active Travel to School
Authors: Voulgaris Carole T. , Hosseinzade Reyhane , Pande Anurag , Alexander Serena E.
Published: March 2021

Safe routes to school (SRTS) programs aim to increase the share of students commuting to school by active modes (e.g., walking and cycling). This study measures the relationship between the presence of SRTS programs in a neighborhood and children’s journey-to-school mode choice. Children were identified from households in the 2012 California Household Travel Survey and they were classified based on whether they commuted to school by active modes. Next, census tracts with SRTS programs were identified based on the presence of data in the National Center for Safe Routes to School (NCSRTS) data collection system. Based on these two datasets, a logistic regression model estimated the likelihood that a child commuted to school by active modes, based on the presence of a SRTS program and controlling for individual, household, and tract characteristics. This analysis was supplemented with stakeholder interviews about the nature of SRTS programs within the study area and how they are perceived. Findings indicate that longer trip distance and race (relative to white students) are associated with reduced rates of active travel to school, but that these differences are mitigated by the presence of SRTS programs. Interviews suggest SRTS programs in the study area primarily emphasize education and encouragement rather than engineering interventions. It was concluded that the effect of such SRTS programming might best be described as reducing barriers to active school travel rather than simply increasing the likelihood of using active modes.
Automatic Generation of Customized Checklists for Digital Construction Inspection
Authors: Xu Xin , Jeon JungHo , Zhang Yuxi , Yang Liu , Cai Hubo
Published: March 2021

Construction inspection plays a critical role to ensure the quality and long-term performance of infrastructure. The current construction inspection practice at state transportation agencies (STAs) in the United States, which requires inspectors to manually gather and personally interpret the construction requirements from standard specifications, is subjective, error-prone, and time-consuming. This paper presents an intelligent database approach to automatically generate customized checklists of construction requirements at the pay item level. The proposed approach consists of three components: (1) identification of the functional requirements by consulting with the end users, (2) development of a construction inspection knowledge model via ontology to guide the database design, and (3) devising mechanisms to automate the generation of customized construction checklists for the work under inspection with all the necessary details in relation to what, when, and how to check, as well as the risks and actions when noncompliance is encountered. Specifically, the following functions now can be performed within the new system: (1) automatic generation of a customized checklist at the pay item level; (2) access to a checklist display that aligns with the repetitive/cyclical nature of construction workflows; (3) navigation between cross-referenced check items; (4) subgroupings based on responsibility, risk level, and inspection frequency; and (5) real-time links to training materials such as photos, videos, textual documents, and websites. This newly developed tool is currently being implemented and is expected to greatly reduce the workload for inspectors and enhance the effectiveness of the construction inspection process.
Laboratory Evaluation of Electrically Conductive Asphalt Mixtures for Snow and Ice Removal Applications
Authors: Hasan Rahaf , Ali Ayman , Decarlo Christopher , Elshaer Mohamed , Mehta Yusuf
Published: March 2021

The study evaluates the electrical conductivity and mechanical performance of graphite modified asphalt mixtures. The effects of air voids, carbon fiber, and binder performance grade (PG) on the electrical resistivity of graphite modified asphalt mixtures are also assessed. Three graphite grades, two asphalt binders (polymer-modified PG 76-22 and neat PG 64-22), one aggregate type, and one carbon fiber were used to produce graphite modified asphalt mixtures. The mixtures were produced without graphite (control mix, PG 76-22), with only graphite (three grades and PG 76-22), with both graphite and 1% carbon fiber (three grades and PG 76-22), and with graphite (all three grades) and PG 64-22. The electrical conductivity, resistance to rutting, resistance to cracking, and durability of these mixes were evaluated using electrical resistivity (using a multi-meter), asphalt pavement analyzer, Hamburg wheel tracking device, semi-circular bend, indirect tension cracking, and Cantabro loss tests. Test results showed that graphite improves the electrical conductivity of asphalt mixtures when added at dosages of 10% to 15% or higher by volume of binder. Graphite grades with larger particle sizes helped improve the conductivity of asphalt mixtures better than graphite grades with smaller particle sizes. Air voids (higher air voids increased resistivity), carbon fiber dosage (decreased resistivity), and binder performance grade (neat binders had lower resistivity) affected the electrical resistivity of graphite modified asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, graphite modified mixes had better rutting resistance but higher susceptibility to breakdown and cracking when compared with unmodified mixtures.
Longitudinal Analysis of Transit-Integrated Ridesourcing Users and Their Trips
Authors: Swarney Emma , Terry Jacob , Feng Devin , Bachmann Chris
Published: March 2021

Several municipal transit agencies have partnered with transportation network companies to provide a range of services, but data restrictions have limited research on trip-level observations of transit-integrated ridesourcing users. The goal of this study was to understand how users’ trip-making behaviors adapted to a transit-integrated ridesourcing pilot in Waterloo, Ontario. This research conducted a longitudinal analysis of 178 unique users and temporal analyses of their 4,536 ridesourcing trips (rides) taken throughout the pilot from November 2018 to December 2019. Trip type and frequency changes over time were measured for frequent, average, and infrequent users. Transit, walking, and cycling alternatives to the pilot rides were generated and characterized based on their complementarity with transit. The number of unique users and daily ridership increased over time, as new users made their first trips and existing users made trips more frequently. Frequent users shifted toward less transit-competitive trip types whereas average and infrequent users had a sporadic but larger share of more transit-competitive trip types. The pilot was mostly used during off-peak service periods, when transit was less frequent, which suggests these systems are valuable for nonwork trips. Transit trip alternatives were not temporally competitive with rides. Cycling was competitive with 5% to 10% of rides and was consistently faster than walking and transit alternatives. Walking was not a practical alternative to rides in most cases. This analysis may inform other agencies of performance evaluation techniques for their transit-integrated ridesourcing pilots and the unique characteristics of trips taken by users of this mode.
Effect of Younger Starting Pitching Age on Humeral Retrotorsion in Baseball Pitchers With an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury
Authors: Kennedy Sean M. , Hannon Joseph P. , Conway John E. , Creed Kalyssa , Garrison J. Craig
Published: March 2021

Background:

Increased humeral retrotorsion (HRT) has been found to be a risk factor for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears in baseball players. Recent work has demonstrated the age of 11 years as a potential watershed age for HRT development.

Hypothesis:

In a group of baseball pitchers with UCL injuries, athletes who started pitching before the age of 10 years will demonstrate significantly more dominant limb humeral retrotorsion (DHRT) when compared with a group of baseball pitchers who reported starting pitching at 10 years or older.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 84 baseball pitchers with a diagnosed UCL injury were divided into 2 groups based upon the age at which participants began pitching: 33 players reporting a starting pitching age of 10 years or older (group 1) were compared with 51 baseball pitchers reporting a starting pitching age under 10 years (group 2). Participants’ DHRT and nondominant limb humeral retrotorsion (NDHRT) were measured using diagnostic ultrasound. Independent t tests were run to compare mean group differences of all patient data, starting pitching age, age at time of injury, DHRT, NDHRT, and humeral retrotorsion difference (HRTdiff).

Results:

There were no significant differences between groups with regard to age at time of injury, height, weight, or playing years’ experience. There was a statistically significant difference in the participant-reported starting pitching age. Significant differences between groups were noted for DHRT (group 1: 20.0°± 9.4°, group 2: 14.5°± 10.3°, P = .015) and for NDHRT (group 1: 38.6°± 8.8°, group 2: 32.9°± 9.5°, P = .007). No significant differences between groups were found for HRTdiff ( P = .940).

Conclusion:

Baseball pitchers with a UCL injury who reported a starting pitching age younger than 10 years demonstrated significantly greater DHRT and NDHRT when compared with UCL-injured baseball pitchers who reported a starting pitching age at 10 years or later. The results of this study demonstrate that a younger starting pitching age results in increased HRT in players with UCL injuries.
The Association between Recent Cannabis Use and Suicidal Ideation in Adults: A Population-based Analysis of the NHANES from 2005 to 2018
Authors: Diep Calvin , Bhat Venkat , Wijeysundera Duminda N. , Clarke Hance A. , Ladha Karim S.
Published: March 2021

Objective:

With the increasing prevalence of cannabis use, there is a growing concern about its association with depression and suicidality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between recent cannabis use and suicidal ideation using a nationally representative data set.

Methods:

A cross-sectional analysis of adults was undertaken using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005 to 2018. Participants were dichotomized by whether or not they had used cannabis in the past 30 days. The primary outcome was suicidal ideation, and secondary outcomes were depression and having recently seen a mental health professional. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders, and survey sample weights were considered in the model.

Results:

Compared to those with no recent use ( n = 18,599), recent users ( n = 3,127) were more likely to have experienced suicidal ideation in the past 2 weeks (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.54, 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.00, P = 0.001), be depressed (aOR 1.53, 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.82, P < 0.001), and to have seen a mental health professional in the past 12 months (aOR 1.28, 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.59, P = 0.023).

Conclusions:

Cannabis use in the past 30 days was associated with suicidal thinking and depression in adults. This relationship is likely multifactorial but highlights the need for specific guidelines and policies for the prescription of medical cannabis for psychiatric therapy. Future research should continue to characterize the health effects of cannabis use in the general population.
Attitudinal Change, Cohort Replacement, and the Liberalization of Attitudes about Same-sex Relationships, 1973–2018
Authors: Kranjac Ashley Wendell , Wagmiller Robert L.
Published: March 2021

Americans’ attitudes toward same-sex relationships have liberalized considerably over the last 40 years. We examine how the demographic processes generating social change in attitudes toward same-sex relationships changed over time. Using data from the 1973 to 2018 General Social Survey and decomposition techniques, we estimate the relative contributions of intracohort change and cohort replacement to overall social change for three different periods. We examine (1) the period prior to the rapid increase in attitude liberalization toward same-sex marriage rights (1973–1991), (2) the period of contentious debate about same-sex marriage and lesbian and gay rights (1991–2002), and (3) the period of legislative and judicial liberalization at the state and federal levels (2002–2018). We find that both intracohort and intercohort change played positive and significant roles in the liberalization of attitudes toward same-sex relationships in the postlegalization period, but that individual change was more important than population turnover over this period.
Word-Problem-Solving Interventions for Elementary Students With Learning Disabilities: A Selective Meta-Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Kong Jennifer E. , Yan Christy , Serceki Allison , Swanson H. Lee
Published: March 2021

This meta-analysis assessed the effect of word-problem-solving interventions on the word-problem-solving accuracy of students identified as having a learning disability (LD) or at risk for an LD in kindergarten to the sixth grade. Eighteen randomized control group designed studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, word-problem-solving interventions yielded a significant positive effect on the word-problem-solving accuracy of students in elementary grades with LD (effect size [ES] = 1.08). Instructional components that underlie effective studies were also identified. Results suggest that peer interaction and transfer instructions yielded large effects on treatment outcomes. Results also suggested that intensive interventions (50-min sessions, 34 total sessions) in Grade 3 regardless of instructional setting yielded the largest ESs. These findings support the need to develop and implement quality evidence-based instruction in classroom settings (Tier 1 instruction) prior to utilizing additional resources for more intensive and individualized intervention.
Cognitive Reserve and Driving-Related Cognitive Abilities in a Sample of Oldest Old Drivers Undergoing Assessment of Fitness to Drive
Authors: Balzarotti Stefania , Biassoni Federica , Confalonieri Federica , Meinero Carlo Alberto , Ciceri Maria Rita
Published: March 2021

This study examines the relationship between age, cognitive reserve (CR), and driving-related cognitive abilities in a sample of oldest old drivers undergoing evaluation of fitness to drive. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the associations between age, CR, and performances to a standardized set of cognitive tests assessing fitness to drive. Education and work complexity were used as proxy measures of CR. The results showed both measures of CR, but not age, were significantly associated with higher general intelligence. Education also predicted higher decision speed, and decision speed partly mediated the effect of education on general intelligence. These findings suggest that over age of 80 years old, CR was a better predictor of driving-related cognitive abilities than age. Education was associated with better performance across different cognitive domains including processing speed.
Open Access in Special Education: A Review of Journal and Publisher Policies
Authors: Fleming Jesse I. , Cook Bryan G.
Published: March 2021

Open-access (OA) options, including preprints and postprints, provide free access to research, accelerate the dissemination of academic work, are associated with increased impact of scholarly work, and may aid in dissemination of null results. However, OA publishing is not an established practice for many special education researchers, and journal and publishers’ policies regarding OA are not always clear. In this article, we systematically reviewed OA policies (i.e., regarding preprints, postprints, OA publishing, article processing charges [APCs], and embargo periods) for 51 special education journals and five publishers of special education journals. Most journals provided few policies, only three journals provided information for each OA feature examined, and many journals and publishers reported substantial APCs and embargo periods over 18 months. We recommend journals and publishers clearly post OA policies and reduce APCs to foster broad and open dissemination of special education research.
Mechanical performance of honeycomb sandwich structures built by FDM printing technique
Authors: Gohar S , Hussain G , Ali A , Ahmad H
Published: March 2021

Honey Comb Sandwich Structures (HCSS) have numerous applications in aerospace, automobile, and satellite industry because of their properties like high strength to weight ratio, stiffness and impact strength. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a process which, through its flexibility, simple processing, short manufacturing time, competitive prices and freedom of design, has an ability to enhance the functionality of HCSS. This paper investigates the mechanical behavior (i.e. flexural, edgewise compression and Interfacial bond strength) of FDM-built HCSS. The influence of face/core material was examined by manufacturing four types of specimens namely ABS core with Composite (PLA + 15% carbon fibers) face sheets, ABS core with PLA face sheets, TPU core with composite face sheets and TPU core with PLA face sheets. To measure the effect of face sheets geometry, raster layup was varied at 0°/90° and 45°/−45°. The mechanical characterization revealed that an optimum combination of materials is ABS core with composite face sheets having raster layup of 0°/90°. This study indicates that HCSS with complex lamination schemes and adequate mechanical properties could be manufactured using FDM which may widen the applications of FDM on an industrial scale.
Application research of master-slave cranio-maxillofacial surgical robot based on force feedback
Authors: Xu Cheng , Wang Yang , Zhou Chaozheng , Zhang Zhenfeng , Xie Le , Andersson Kjell , Feng Lei
Published: March 2021

Background:

The complex anatomical structure, limited field of vision, and easily damaged nerves, blood vessels, and other anatomical structures are the main challenges of a cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) plastic surgical robot. Bearing these characteristics and challenges in mind, this paper presents the design of a master-slave surgical robot system with a force feedback function to improve the accuracy and safety of CMF surgery.

Methods:

A master-slave CMF surgical robot system based on force feedback is built with the master tactile robot and compact slave robot developed in the laboratory. Model-based master robot gravity compensation and force feedback mechanism is used for the surgical robot. Control strategies based on position increment control and ratio control are adopted. Aiming at the typical mandibular osteotomy in CMF surgery, a scheme suitable for robot-assisted mandibular osteotomy is proposed. The accuracy and force feedback function of the robot system under direct control and master-slave motion modes are verified by experiments.

Results:

The drilling experiment of the mandible model in direct control mode shows that the average entrance point error is 1.37 ± 0.30 mm, the average exit point error is 1.30 ± 0.25 mm, and the average posture error is 2.27° ± 0.69°. The trajectory tracking and in vitro experiment in the master-slave motion mode show that the average position following error is 0.68 mm, and the maximum force following error is 0.586 N, achieving a good tracking and force feedback function.

Conclusion:

The experimental results show that the designed master-slave CMF robot can assist the surgeon in completing accurate mandibular osteotomy surgery. Through force feedback mechanism, it can improve the interaction between the surgeon and the robot, and complete tactile trajectory movements.
The Emotional Experience of Sustainability Courses: Learned Eco-Anxiety, Potential Ontological Adjustment
Authors: Graham Peter , Kuyvenhoven Cassandra , Upitis Rena , Arshad-Ayaz Adeela , Scheinman Eli , Khan Colin , Goebel Allison , Brown R. Stephen , Hovorka Alice
Published: March 2021

The knowledge content of university-level introductory sustainability courses elicits emotional reactions by students that are novel within the typical classroom context. Common negative reactions include ‘sadness’, ‘worry’, ‘guilt’ and ‘disgust’, while more positive responses include ‘feeling angry’, ‘empowered’, ‘like trying to make a difference’ or ‘having raised awareness’. These emotions are indexical of a deeper social epistemic collision between historically established social identities, including behavioural scripts consistent with, and generative of, unsustainability on the one hand, and a growing collective awareness of the consequent unsustainability that threatens students’ future well-being on the other. The authors argue that introductory sustainability courses set up the potential for not only a learned eco-anxiety, but also an ontological adjustment. That adjustment might bring student, historical inheritance and environment from a state of living in a suffering, but still separate, world to a practice of becoming with a world into which we extend and that also extends into us. Therefore, it is arguably important for instructors to be aware of the possibility of students getting into a negative state of eco-anxiety and for instructors to also have some tools for supporting a more positive ontological adjustment. We recommend that they become skilled in facilitating transformational learning by including some discussions about the ontology of self in any introductory sustainability instruction. Directing students’ attention to their own emotional responses can also be useful for grounding such classroom discussions and transformational learning.
Predictors of inflammatory lower airway disease in cats presented to the emergency room in respiratory distress: a case-control study
Authors: Chalifoux Nolan V , Drobatz Kenneth J , Reineke Erica L
Published: March 2021

Objectives

The objective of the study was to identify whether venous blood gas (VBG) variables may serve as a predictor of inflammatory lower airway disease (ILAD) in cats presenting with respiratory distress. A secondary objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic utility of patient signalment, history and physical examination findings, as compared with VBG variables.

Methods

The medical records of cats presenting with respiratory distress secondary to ILAD (54 cases) and non-ILAD (121 controls) were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

No admission VBG variables were predictive of a final diagnosis of ILAD. Comparatively, multivariable analysis identified a history of a cough ( P <0.001), increased respiratory rate ( P = 0.001), the presence of an abdominal component to respiration ( P = 0.007) and the absence of pleural effusion ( P <0.01) to be independently associated with a final diagnosis of ILAD. Cats with a history of a cough and an abdominal component to respiration had 7.86 and 5.81 greater odds of being diagnosed with ILAD, respectively. Cats with pleural effusion had 7.43 lower odds of having this final diagnosis. For every 10 breaths/min increase in respiratory rate, cats had 1.48 greater odds of being diagnosed with ILAD. Cats diagnosed with ILAD had a survival rate of 94% (95% CI 84–99%) vs 61% (95% CI 51–70%) for non-ILAD controls ( P <0.001).

Conclusions and relevance

The results of this study found patient history and physical examination findings to be more useful predictors of a final diagnosis of ILAD in comparison with VBG variables at presentation. A history of a cough, an abdominal component to respiration and a lack of pleural effusion were found to be significant predictors of this diagnosis. Further investigation into the role of respiratory rate in ILAD is warranted.
Fingolimod-associated macular edema: A case report of late onset
Authors: Karakosta Christina , Kourentis Christina
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

The authors present a case of a male with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) who developed unilateral Fingolimod-Associated Macular Edema (FAME) 10 years after initiating fingolimod therapy. By reporting this case study, the authors present a comprehensive review on FAME, its current incidence, and therapy options in MS patients.

Case description:

A 58-year-old Caucasian male patient was referred to the hospital with a history of MS. He was on fingolimod treatment for 10 years. The patient presented with a referring second episode of blurred vision in his left eye (OS). His best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 (right eye – OD) and 20/30 (OS). Dilated fundus examination of the OS revealed dull foveal reflex with retinal thickening. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scan demonstrated increased central macular thickness of 459 μm, foveal cysts and subretinal fluid. Neurologists decided to discontinue fingolimod treatment based on the ophthalmological findings. Three months post fingolimod discontinuation, macular edema resolved and BCVA was 20/20 (OD) and 20/25 (OS).

Conclusions:

The authors report a case of late onset FAME. FAME may occur several years after starting fingolimod treatment and it should be part of differential diagnosis of blurred vision in patients receiving fingolimod. Both Microcystic Macular Edema secondary to MS and Macular Edema Associated with MS-induced Uveitis should always be excluded. Those two conditions, secondary to MS, might show the lack of drug effectiveness and the possible need for changing the existing therapy in order to prevent further disease progress.
The value of real-time ultrasound-guidance for definite placement of a right supraclavicular subclavian central venous catheter
Authors: Poth Jens M , Ehrentraut Stefan F , Kim Se-Chan
Published: March 2021

Central venous catheters (CVC) are widely used in critically ill patients and in those undergoing major surgery. Significant adverse events, such as pneumothorax and hemothorax, can be caused by needle insertion during CVC insertion. CVC misplacement is less often described, yet equally important, as it can lead to deleterious complications.

Here, we describe a case in which misplacement of a guidewire following infraclavicular puncture of the right axillary vein was detected by continuous ultrasound employing the right supraclavicular fossa view. Utilizing this ultrasound view, the insertion approach to the vessel was changed and correct CVC placement could be achieved.

While ultrasound guidance is widely accepted for vessel puncture, this case demonstrates the value of continuous ultrasound guidance for the entire process of CVC insertion: vessel puncture, correct guidewire advancement, catheter placement, and exclusion of complications such as pneumothorax. It also shows that there should be a high index of suspicion for guidewire misplacement, even after successful venipuncture.

In conclusion, ultrasound protocols covering the complete CVC insertion process should be implemented into current clinical practice.
Risk factors and prognostic impact of post-discharge bleeding after endovascular therapy for peripheral artery disease
Authors: Hishikari Keiichi , Hikita Hiroyuki , Abe Fumichika , Ito Naruhiko , Kanno Yoshinori , Iiya Munehiro , Murai Tadashi , Takahashi Atsushi , Yonetsu Taishi , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: March 2021

This study evaluated the incidence, predictors, and impact of bleeding requiring hospitalization following successful endovascular therapy (EVT) for peripheral artery disease. Platelet inhibition after EVT reduces the risk of major adverse limb events but increases the risk of bleeding. The incidence of post-discharge bleeding after EVT, its independent predictors, and its prognostic importance in clinical practice have not been fully addressed. We evaluated 779 consecutive patients who underwent EVT. We found that 77 patients (9.9%) were hospitalized for major bleeding during follow-up after EVT (median 39 months, range 22–66 months), with almost half (48.1%) of the bleeding categorized as gastrointestinal bleeding. Significant predictors of post-discharge bleeding were hemodialysis (hazard ratio (HR), 3.12; 95% CI: 1.93 to 5.05; p < 0.001) and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) use (HR, 1.87; 95% CI: 1.03 to 3.41; p = 0.041). During follow-up, the all-cause mortality-free survival rate was significantly worse in patients who had experienced major bleeding than in those who had not (log-rank test χ2 = 54.6; p < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that major bleeding (HR, 2.78; 95% CI: 1.90 to 4.06; p < 0.001) was an independent predictor of all-cause death after EVT. Hospitalization for post-discharge bleeding after EVT is associated with a substantially increased risk of death, even after successful EVT. We concluded that patients’ predicted bleeding risk should be considered when selecting patients likely to benefit from EVT, and that the risk should be considered especially thoroughly in hemodialysis patients.
Public education at the crossroads: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Wilmers Annika , Ylimaki Rose M
Published: March 2021

This article introduces the topic of the special issue, ‘Public education at the crossroads’, by pointing to some of the debates and controversies surrounding the topic of public education and by framing the theme, while explaining the context and some components of the educational systems of the countries under examination – namely the USA and Germany. In both countries, control of public education is seen as the states’ responsibility within the respective nation states. Despite different developments, both countries are experiencing similar challenges to public education; for example, highly diverse classroom settings, pressure from neoliberal politics, or debates about citizenship education in a world that is increasingly globalized on the one hand, and facing growing nationalism on the other. Finally, this introduction presents articles in this special issue that further discuss the competing factors bringing public education to a new crossroads.
YOT Talk: Examining the communicative influences on children’s engagement with youth justice assessment processes
Authors: Case Stephen , Lorenzo-Dus Nuria , Morton Ralph
Published: March 2021

This article presents an evidence-based analysis of the communicative influences on children’s engagement in the Youth Justice System of England and Wales. The multidisciplinary criminologist–linguist ‘YOT Talk’ project utilized Svalberg’s (2009) dimensions of engagement (cognitive, affective, social; augmented by behavioural) to explore the enablers of, and barriers to, children’s engagement with youth justice assessment processes. A tripartite mixed methodology of observation of assessment interviews, questionnaires with children in the Youth Justice System and youth justice practitioners, and focus groups with practitioners was implemented across three Youth Offending Teams in England and Wales. Analyses synergized methods from conversation analysis and corpus linguistics. Findings inform recommendations for refocusing youth justice assessment and staff training on facilitating children’s communicative engagement (that is, enhancing enablers and removing/minimizing barriers). These findings and recommendations challenge asymmetrical (adult-centric) power dynamics during assessment interviews and challenge perceptions of children’s communicative deficits as irreconcilable barriers to effective assessment.