bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thin-layer hydration method to prepare a green tea extract niosomal gel and its antioxidant performance
Authors: Chasanah U. , Mahmintari N. , Hidayah F. , El Maghfiroh F.A. , Rahmasari D. , Weka Nugraheni R.
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to prepare a niosomal gel of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract containing catechins, mostly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (ECGC), as a potent antioxidant. Niosomes can increase EGCG's stability and penetration into the skin for a better therapeutic effect. Niosomes were prepared by a thin-layer hydration method, were evaluated for their vesicle shape, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency, and then incorporated into gels using sodium alginate as a gelling agent. Three niosomal gel formulations were prepared with different concentrations of niosomes green tea extract. Afterwards, organoleptic properties, chemical and physical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and stability and irritability of the niosomal gels were investigated. The different concentrations of green tea extract had a significant effect on the physical characteristics, but not on the chemical ones. Its antioxidant activity was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. The 50% extract green tea niosomes gel showed the highest inhibition value (25.13%). The stability was determined by freeze–thaw and real-time methods; they showed a decrease in pH, but still within the pH range of skin. The irritability test used was the Hen's Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) method, which showed no irritation for all formulas. In conclusion, 50% green tea extract niosomes gel results showed it to be the best formulation with optimal antioxidant results.
Reflections on the Mechanisms to Protect Against Formation of Price Bubble in the EU ETS Market
Authors: Jeszke Robert , Lizak Sebastian
Published: October 2021

The rapid increases of European Union Allowance (EUA) prices and very high market volatility, resulting mainly from the growing role of speculative entities, can contribute to forming a price bubble. This may cause the market instability and could have a implications on planning future reduction investments by European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) participants. That is why they need some kind of ‘safety valve’, an effective EU ETS instrument, which can be triggered when the situation requires it.

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the current legislative rules of the EU ETS protect against sudden EUA price fluctuation and the risk of formation of a price bubble. This paper tries to assess the potential EUA price bubble and to review of existing instruments within the EU ETS, analysing their efficiency using different assumptions and identify channels of possible other market instruments to efficiently prevent the carbon market instability caused by rising EUA prices and market speculation. We argue that the European Commission (EC) does not currently have an appropriate market instrument to respond to the EUA price fluctuation. Moreover, there are some legislative loopholes in the system, which may encourage market speculators to influence EUA prices, and there is need to introduce better market safeguards.
Influence of packaging design parameters on customers’ decision-making process
Authors:   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Department of Graphic Engineering, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Malešević Minja , Stančić Mladen ,   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Department of Graphic Engineering, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: October 2021

Many recent research has focused on graphic design and shape of the packaging, and their effects on the customer's decision-making process as two separate categories. Since the shape of the packaging along with the graphic design plays an important role in the visual appearance of the packaging and attracts the customer's attention, the main objective of this research was to find out which packaging shapes and graphic elements customers find most attractive, as well as to understand the general opinion of customers about the influence of packaging aesthetics on their decision-making process when purchasing a product. Methodology of this research was conducted in two stages, from which the first one included creating three different graphic design solutions combined with three shape categories, and three variations of added value, for the same food packaging. The second part of the research covered an online questionnaire, in which a group of 50 people participated. This questionnaire focused on three variables: graphic design of the packaging, packaging shape and it’s added value. These variables were evaluated using the Likert scale. Through the questionnaire, participants were asked to answer general questions about the impact of the packaging visual appearance and added value, on their decision-making process when buying a product, as well as to choose the most appealing packaging between the given options. The research results showed that customers preferred non-standard packaging shapes and simple graphic design, as well as packaging with added value. The results of this research prove that the aesthetics of packaging has an impact on the customer's perception of a product, which means that packaging plays an important role in product marketing.
Raising Math Scores Among Children in Low-Wealth Households: Potential Benefit of Children's School Savings
Authors: Elliott III William , Jung Hyunzee , Friedline Terri
Published: October 2021

Recent findings using traditional regression methods show that children's savings designated for school are associated with higher math scores. We build on this research by using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) to confirm that children with school savings have higher math scores than those without school savings. Moreover, we suggest children's school savings may have a stronger association with children's math scores than with either household wealth or children's savings not designated for school. Further, we find evidence that children's school savings mediates the relationship between household wealth and math scores. Policy implications for children living in low-wealth households are discussed.
Semantic Potential of the Speech Pattern not exactly..., but in the Context of Expressing Opinion
Authors: Bochkarev A. E.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the logical analysis of a syntactic Russian pattern ‘ne to chtoby..., no’ (“not exactly..., but”, “I would say … a sort of”), the turn widely used in the practical reasoning. Its usage is underpinned by two major reasons - dialogical nature of the speech activity as well as one’s desire to accentuate his or her position in the debate. But it is also related to one’s aspiration to rectify the assessment, to uncertainty in choosing adequate words, and sometimes the need to increase the expressiveness of the message. In its essence, the relationship between the two parts of the pattern separated by conjunction “no” (“but”) is dialogically polemical. The first conjunct signals an approximate character of the chosen nomination or qualification, it represents a kind of preliminary assessment marked by semantics of doubt, while the second makes the necessary adjustments so as to better characterize the subject of speech. This alternative, albeit not always exhaustive definition may belong to categories of knowledge, opinion or belief. Whatever were the subject of evaluation - object, property, state or action, - the “rectifying” description / nomination / qualification placed in the second part of the construction after the conjunction ‘no” (“but”) can be identified in all cases of use as the attitude for understanding a relative accuracy of its expression. Moreover, it is possible to establish how adequate the object’s qualification is in a given context of expressing opinion only within the framework of a given opinion setting, including what the subject of opinion thinks, what he is convinced of, or believes in. It is impossible to know in advance whether such an opinion is reliable or not from the objective point of view, but it is possible to assert its unconditional credibility within the accepted framework of a certain system of ideas, e.g. what should be in an “acceptable situation” properties, activities or states of the object of judgment to be assessed. In this context, it is not the denotatum that is actually brought into focus of attention, but rather its qualifications or characteristics (they is the meaning of the item) within the scope of the propositional attitude of opinion.
Discourse on the Linguistic Implementation of the principles of Political Correctness in German Political Linguistics
Authors: Kondakova E. A. , Printsipalova O. V.
Published: October 2021

The article dwells upon the discourse on the linguistic implementation of the principles of political correctness (hereinafter PC discourse) in the German political linguistic culture. Like the concept of ‘political correctness’ itself, the key characteristics of the PC discourse came to Germany from the USA. However, Germany has a rich tradition of criticism of language use in politics, including a tradition of public reflection on the use of language by totalitarian ideologies. One might assume that the discussion about the linguistic implementation of political correctness in Germany will become part of this general critical discourse. These considerations served as the starting point for this study. The purpose of the presented article is to identify the specifics of PC discourse in Germany against the back-ground of other phenomena of German political linguistic culture. Discourse is understood as a corpus of texts united by reference to a common object of reality, in other words, a way of speaking about a socially significant topic that is formed in society in a certain historical period. On the basis of this interpretation, the empirical base of the study was compiled, obtained through the continuous sampling method from electronic versions of leading German newspapers and magazines, as well as from linguistic monographs devoted to the linguistic implementation of political correctness. Through the method of descriptive discourse analysis, significant methods of discursive interpretation of political correctness have been identified, which are the specifics of PC discourse. The main technique is metaphorical modeling of political reality. For almost thirty years of its existence, the German PC discourse has developed a stable framework of evaluative metaphors that set the perspective of the vision of political correctness. This framework consists of the metaphorical core, which relates political correctness to the conceptual field of “danger”, and additional metaphorical meanings, which actualize the conceptual field of “game”. The uniformity of the metaphorical frame-work reflects the ritualized nature of the argumentation of both supporters and opponents of political correctness. The latter set the dominant discursive strategy - the strategy of imaginary defense, due to which strong emotional pressure is achieved on the participants in the discourse. The metaphorical framework provides discursive unity, which is especially necessary in the context of the semantic diffuseness of the key concept ‘politische Korrektheit’.
Syntactic Expression of Logical Topos in the Speeches of Russian Lawyers of the Late 19th and Early 20th Century
Authors: Bondareva A. А.
Published: October 2021

In the article, we make an attempt to relate logical topoi, rhetorical figures, and syntactic constructions. The research is based on the court speeches of Russian lawyers of late 19th and early 20th century. This period is considered to be the Golden Age of the Russian lawyer eloquence, thus the speeches delivered at that time by famous Russian lawyers in jury trials are of particular interest for the analysis. The speeches were chosen at random as the focus was not on the orators’ individual style but on their general strategies of syntactic expression of topoi. Although topoi have been an indispensable part of rhetorical invention since Antiquity, there still exists a discrepancy in their interpretation. In different time periods, they were regarded as the source of arguments, as clichés and even as themes that can be modified depending on orator’s objectives. In the article, we focus on the approach, which involves trichotomic classification, which includes logical topoi that are connected with logical operations. The most common topoi in lawyers speeches are those of time and place and genus and species . Within the framework of our study, they are analyzed in terms of logical operations and set theory, as well as structural schemes of sentences which were further connected with respective rhetorical figures (their functions being described for each case). The structural schemes’ analysis we used follow the principles described in Russian Grammar (1980). In the final part of the article, the results of the study are summarized. Logical operations typical for the topoi of time and place and genus and species are provided along with the most common syntactic schemes of sentences and rhetorical figures. We believe that this approach to the analysis of topoi can be beneficial both in theoretical and practical perspective and can be common to analyze the logical basis of lawyers’ argumentation, the major component of their eloquence.
Automatic Methods for Detecting Cultural Bias in Social Media (Based on Telegram’s Dialogs)
Authors: Zherebtsova Y. A. , Chizhik A. V. , Sadokhin A. P.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we described and tested several ways to use machine learning in order to analyze large collections of text data from social networks (namely, public Telegram chat), retrieve relevant social or cultural information from them, and to visualize the results of the research. The proposed approach has an advantage to reveal hidden patterns of social, political or cultural behavior by being able to cover large amounts of data. It can complement the standard social surveys methodology. Automatic detecting cultural bias on the example of social media requires mastering methods for measuring and visualizing its different kinds, such as cultural shifts, specific national or group refractions, mutations, stereotypes. We argue that cultural bias is a result of nonrandom errors in thinking. It is based, firstly, on a person's understanding of himself and the world around him and, secondly, on the translation of this understanding into abstraction in the form of common misconceptions, ideologemes, narrative, slogans. In society the bias inevitably leads to the separation of one social group or subculture from another. Social networks (both classic and new formats, for example, messengers with public chat options) are the most active ground for the representation of this phenomenon. Since the discussion of sociopolitical and cultural contexts in the case of chats takes place in public, the participants of such a communicative act tend to get approval of the social group to which they are ideologically close. It is this phenomenon that allows us to form comparisons of the “friend - foe” type, which lead next to unconscious cultural shifts. Thus, mastering methods to identify properly cultural shifts is not only relevant but crucial for the intra- and intercultural communication, for controlling the level of aggressiveness of the society, understanding its mood. As helpful illustrations, readers will find semantic associations elicited by the words “freedom”, “democracy”, “Internet”; sociocultural analysis of several topical clusters (e.g. Россия, страна, Путин, русский, православный); visualization of semantic associations for the words “freedom”, “democracy”, “Internet”.
Юрій Борисович Мельник: сторінки біографії та творчий доробок вченого, педагога і громадського діяча
Authors: Pypenko Iryna
Published: October 2021

Це офіційне видання Науково-дослідного інституту ХОГОКЗ, яке знайомить читачів із біографією та творчим доробком вченого, педагога і громадського діяча Мельника Ю. Б. У виданні наведено детальний список наукових публікацій Мельника Ю. Б., який структуровано відповідно до розділів: дисертації, автореферати дисертацій, монографії; навчально-методичні посібники, програми, методичні рекомендації; статті тощо. Призначено для науково-педагогічних працівників, усіх верств населення.
Cortinarius gueneri: A new species from the Euro-Siberian Floristic Region of Turkey
Authors: Sesli Ertugrul
Published: October 2021

Cortinarius gueneri (subgen. Telamonia sect. Laeti) is described as a new species from Turkey based on morphological and molecular data. It can be recognized by the somewhat irregular conical to campanulate, translucent-striate, rusty brown pileus; pale yellowish to cinnamon brown broadly attached lamellae; pale salmon to pinkish brown stipe; narrowly amygdaloid to ellipsoid basidiospores; and its putative association with Carpinus orientalis. Full description of the new species is given with field photos, microscopic illustrations, and a short discussion. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is also provided.
Comparison of Al-Syatibi and Thahir Ibn Asyria's Thoughts on Maqashid Shari'ah
Authors: Ningsih Bekti Cikita Setiya
Published: October 2021

This article will discuss the thoughts of two scholars in the field of maqashid sharia, namely Al-Syatibi as a classical scholar who studied maqashid sharia as an independent discipline until he got the nickname of the first teacher (mu'allim awwal) by producing a work entitled al-Muwaffaqat fi Ushul al-Syariah. The second, Thahir ibn Asyur is a scholar who became the successor of Al-Syatibi in studying the maqashid sharia after the absence of maqashid sharia works for six centuries until he has dubbed the second teacher (mu'allim tsani). According to Al-Syatibi, maqashid sharia is generally divided into two things, namely the legal establishment based on illat (ta'lil problem) and al-mashalih wa al-mafasid (benefit and damage) based on three levels of benefit, namely daruriyyat (primary maslahat), hajiyyat (secondary maslahat), and tahsiniyyat (tertiary maslahat). While Thahir ibn Asyur argues that maqashid sharia is divided into two things, namely maqashid sharia al-ammah and maqashid sharia al-khassah, thahir ibn Asyur's thinking is based on four things namely: al-musawah, al-fitrah, al-hurriyah and al-samahah. The purpose of this paper is compare the thoughts of the figures regarding maqashid sharia.
Microbiome research potential for developing holistic approaches to improve refugee health
Authors: Fuzail Mohammad Ahsan , Ahmed Bilal , Burke Daniel L. , Spjeldnæs Amanda Hylland , Horino Masako , Ching Carly , Zaman Muhammad Hamid
Published: October 2021

Morbidity from disease is increasingly being understood as dependent on wellbeing of the ecosystem, as opposed to an isolated element. However, the combined burden of disequilibrium of the gut microbiome ecosystem – which can facilitate proliferation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – is not well understood. The gap in knowledge grows when considering regions, such as the Gaza Strip, where the population continues to experience recurrent conflicts, movement restrictions, and high rates of poverty, food insecurity and unemployment.1 The concurrent rise of gut microbiome disequilibrium, AMR proliferation, and displacement of populations globally – combined with lack of data – poses significant but unknown risk to public health, in displaced and host communities alike. Examining the current landscape of research, and existing gaps solidifies the need for interdisciplinary perspectives to address AMR through exploration of the gut microbiome. This holistic approach can help account for the political, socio-economic, and material factors, in the context of regions experiencing conflict/war. The growing role of microbiota in health may hold answers to questions surrounding understudied conditions such as AMR, and even non-communicable or chronic diseases.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Malnutrition in Patients with Intracranial Infections at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar
Authors: Ayu Diah Perdana Paramita  , I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba  , Dewi Sutriani Mahalini  , I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha
Published: October 2021

Malnutrition is a major health problem in developing countries, it can occur acutely, chronically or combination of both. Malnutrition aggravates the condition of infectious diseases, including intracranial infections. Hereby we aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition in pediatric patients with intracranial infections in Sanglah Central General Hospital. This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in patients with final diagnosis intracranial infection whom were treated from January 2019 to March 2021. The study was conducted in pediatric patients aged 1 month-18 years old and patient would be excluded if had any of these conditions: 1) incomplete medical records, 2) discharge by his/her own request, 3) hydrocephalus for which VP shunt had not been performed, 4) diagnosis of tumor or mass that could affect body weight measurement. Secondary data such as weight/height for children <5 years and BMI/age for children >5 years were measured in growth curve by using the WHO Anthro application. Total samples were 83 children with predominance age group was 0-5 years old. Malnutrition was found in 48.1% patients. Chronic malnutrition was more common than acute malnutrition (32.5% vs. 31.3%). Age below 5 years has relationship with the incidence of acute malnutrition in pediatric patients with intracranial infection (p: 0.008, 95% CI: 0.076-0.675). The incidence of malnutrition in children with intracranial infections in Sanglah Hospital during January 2019 to March 2021 was 48.1%, and age < 5 years had significant relation to the incidence of malnutrition in children with intracranial infections.
To the Delineation of “Depersonalization Allied” Phenomena: J. Reil’s and E. von Feuchtersleben’s Concepts of “General Feeling” (Coenaesthesis)
Authors: Pyatnitskiy N. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The origin of the term and notion of “coenaesthesis” of German-speaking medical school was analyzed. Whereas in Germany the term “Coenaesthesis” was presumably fi rst used by J. Reil’s pupil Ch.F. Huebner (1794) in his written in Latin dissertation and the concept that considered the changes in “general feeling” as a ground for some psychiatric disorders was elaborated by J. Reil (1799, 1805), in Russia the similar ideas were expressed by A.F. Solnzev (1825) in his also written in Latin dissertation as D.D. Fedotov and V.G. Ostroglazov indicate. It may be assumed that the Scotch doctor A. Crichton (Alexander Kreiton in Russian transcription) contributed to the propagation of the concept of “Coenaesthesis” from Germany to Russia, due to his account of German concept of “General feeling” in his “Inquiry into the nature and origin of mental derangement” (1798) and succeeding fi fteen years work in Russia. In German-speaking psychiatry the Reil’s concept of “Coenaesthesis” was farther developed by Austrian doctor and psychiatrist E. von Feuchtersleben (1845), who underlined its meaning not only in hypochondrial but also in hysterical disorders and actively used the term “Coenaesthesis” along with the German term “general feeling”; the concept of general feeling is also refl ected in the famous W. Griesinger’s “Pathology and therapy of mental diseases”. In connection with the following separation from general feeling the muscular, temperature and pressure feelings its notion got narrowed as also the circle of mental disorders that was considered as determined by the different changes in general feeling. That is noticeable in German-speaking psychiatry in the concepts of R. von Kraft-Ebing and E. Kraepelin; while H. Schuele did not use the notion of general feeling at all. In Russia A.F. Solnzev’s concept of Coenaesthesis was for a long time forgotten, but in France in the second half of the XIXth century psychologist and philosopher Th. Ribot opened “cenesthesie” anew. In anglo-saxon psychiatry the disorders of general feeling were never considered as a special psychopathological syndrome (with the exception of its presentation by A. Crichton).
Immunological Indicators of Infl ammation in Late-Life Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Androsova L. V. , Shipilova E. S. , Simonov A. N. , Otman I. N. , Klyushnik T. P. , Mikhaylova N. M.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the immune markers of infl ammation in the blood plasma of the elderly patients with bipolar affective disorders (BD) in relation to the clinical specifi cities of the disease. Patients and methods: 134 blood samples from the elderly patients aged from 52 to 88 years old (mean age 66.7 ± 7.7 years) with diagnose of bipolar disorder were examined. Infl ammatory markers in the blood plasma were determined as follows: the enzymatic activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and the functional activity of the D1-proteinase inhibitor (D1-PI), as well as the level of autoantibodies (aAB) to S100b and myelin basic protein (MBP), and the protease inhibitor index (PII), which was the ratio of LE and D1-PI activity and characterized the activity of the proteolytic system as the most important component of infl ammation. Cluster analysis was used to reveal immunotypes. Results and discussion: а signifi cant increase in D1-PI and the level of aAB to S100b was revealed in elderly patients diagnosed with bipolar disorders, as well as low proteolytic activity of infl ammation (according to PII). Immune markers of infl ammation in different types of affective episodes (depressions, manias, mixed affective states) and in therapeutic remission did not differ from each other. Immunological parameters in elderly patients with bipolar disorders depended on the severity degree of the affective disorder. A relationship was found between the severity of depression and the level of aAB to S100b; the difference between mania and hypomania in terms of LE and PII activity was shown; in mixed affective states immunological parameters differed from the control only in moderate disorders. Remission with residual symptoms differed from asymptomatic therapeutic remission in terms of LE and PII activity. The two identifi ed clusters (immunotypes) differed in the activity of LE and PII. Conclusion: the results indicated the participation of infl ammation in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder, and the isolated immunotypes confi rmed the clinical diversity of the disease. The study of the pathogenetic signifi cance of infl ammation and the identifi cation of various immunotypes was aimed at search for new therapy targets, taking into account the contribution of infl ammation.
Relationship Between Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation and Suicide Risk in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Gerasimova V. I. , Kornetova E. G. , Goncharova A. A. , Mednova I. A. , Kornetov A. N. , Semke A. V.
Published: October 2021

Background: the lack of data on the relationship between the level of social adaptation as a complex of macro- and microsocial factors with suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia determines the relevance of this study. Aim: to investigate the relationship between social adaptation self-evaluation and suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia. Patients and methods: we examined 68 patients with schizophrenia. Suicide risk was evaluated using the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the level of social adaptation was assessed using the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale. An assessment of clinical and psychopathological symptoms was performed using the PANSS. Results: the level of hopelessness was higher in the group with a low level of social adaptation self-evaluation than in the group with a high level of social adaptation self-evaluation. However, the groups were comparable for a number of objective indicators of social adaptation (such as education level, marital status, social status). Conclusions: it can be assumed that hopelessness and suicide risk more depend not on the level of social adaptation, but on the subjective experience of the level of adaptation as low or high.
Early Detection of Substance Abuse and Prevention of Mental Deviations Among Minor Students
Authors: Abramov A. Yu. , Koshkina E. A. , Kicha D. I. , Alekseyenko A. O.
Published: October 2021

Background: the reduction in the premature mortality as a result of non-contagious diseases by way of the improvement measures to be adopted with the purpose of prevention and treatment of the substance abuse and general health care activities were outlined by the United Nations Organization as the primary objectives as far back as 2015 in order to work towards sustainable development (the objective № 3 “Promotion of healthy lifestyle and furtherance of wellbeing of individuals of all ages” in 2030 perspective). There is a high risks for the Russian Federation of transnational drugs expansion developing [1]. Concurrently, in order to build a national dependence prevention system, Decree № 581н as of 06.10.2014 “On the Preventive Medical Screening to be made at educational establishments” was issued by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Purpose: the research was supposed to focus on Preventive Medical Screening as a measure of prevention of illegal usage of substances and mental disorders among minor students and on the optimization of such preventive medical screening. Materials and methods: the fi ndings are based on the posthoc analysis of the data of the Federal statistical survey form and of the research and information reports (n = 491 280 students). The results: the fi ndings of the preventive medical screening made across the Russian Federation and in Moscow over the years 2016–2018 show the increase of minor students involved into such preventive medical screening, as well as the decrease of those who might use psychoactive drugs. The same fi ndings show that the majority of the illegal drug users were students of secondary vocational schools. The fi ndings can be called a trend across the Russian Federation and in Moscow. Conclusions: non-medical usage of substances among minor students can be a serious threat to the mental health of the youth. There are suggestions for improvement prevention of mental disorders among students at the results of the research. These include methodology of Brief Motivational Consulting at a time of preventive medical screening and the ways of increase effectivity toxicology screening in different educational organizations offering to add in preventive medical screening cotinine (it’s metabolite of nicotine) screening for students of primary school; it’s have to systematically update and expand types of screening tools for substances in preventive medical screening in all educations organizations.
Clinical-Dynamical Features of Alcohol Use Disorder and Mood Disorders Considering the Chronology of Their Comorbidity Formation
Authors: Roshchina O. V. , Simutkin G. G. , Bokhan N. A.
Published: October 2021

Background. The comorbid course of Mood Disorders (MD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a problem actively discussed by national and foreign researchers. Scientists pay close attention to clinical and pathodynamic polymorphism of symptoms in their works. Objective of the study: to compare the Clinical-Dynamical characteristics of AUD and MD, taking into account the formation chronology of their comorbidity, in a clinical sample of the specialized psychiatric hospital. Patients and methods: the study enrolled 56 patients under treatment in Department of Affective Disorders or Addictive Disorders of Mental Health Research Institute Clinics with a comorbid diagnosis of AUD (F10.2 according to ICD-10) and MD (F31–F34.1 according to ICD10). The Clinical-Dynamic, Psychometric and Statistical Methods were used in work. Results: according to statistical analysis in the case of the primary onset of AUD a relatively later formation of the comorbidity was shown (p = 0.001, Mann–Whitney test) and a higher frequency of Dysthymia as a Secondary MD (p = 0.043, chi-square test). Inspite of relatively shorter Duration of the Disease (p = 0.001, Mann–Whitney test), Secondary AUD characterized by rapid evolution of clinical and dynamic traits: the Alcohol Tolerance and Duration of Withdrawal Symptoms are comparable to the Primary AUD (p = 0.739, Mann–Whitney test; p = 0.359, Mann–Whitney test), and slightly shorter Duration of Light Gaps (p = 0.087, Mann–Whitney test) and Heavy Drinking Days (p = 0.034, Mann–Whitney test). A Psychometric study of the severity of symptoms of Depression, Anxiety and Craving for alcohol in the dynamics of psychopharmacotherapy demonstrate their comparability both at the beginning of treatment and by the 28th day of therapy (p > 0.05, Mann–Whitney test). Thereby, AUD developed in the background of a formed MD characterized by a prognostically unfavorable course of Disease.
Non-financial factors affecting livestock farm’s performance in meat supply chain
Authors:   Gentjan Mehmeti,  Raffaele Zanoli,  Orjon Xhoxhi,
Published: October 2021

This article investigates non-financial factors affecting performance of livestock farms in the meat supply chain in Albania. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data in three main regions of Albania (Tirana, Korça and Lushnje). Confirmatory factor analysis is used to develop measures for the non-financial factors (i.e. trust, contracts, opportunistic behavior, information sharing and information quality) and Structural Equation Modelling is employed to test study hypotheses. The result shows that trust is positively associated with farm’s performance. On the other hand, communication (i.e. resulting from the merge of information sharing and information quality) is negatively associated with performance. However, communication appears to have a positive association with farm’s performance indirectly through its effect on trust. Thus, it can be deducted that communication builds trust and trading relationship based on trust show higher levels of farm’s performance. Lastly, contracts and opportunistic behavior do not show any significant association with farm’s performance.
A holistic approach in explaining farmers' intentional behaviour on manure waste utilization
Authors: bulent gurbuz ismail , Ozkan Gulay
Published: October 2021

This research examined livestock farmers' intention to move manure waste to an
allocated landfill and the impact of financial support by municipalities on farmer's
behavior. The theoretical framework was developed using the Theory of Planned
Behavior and tested the validity of the model. The survey was carried out with 336
farmers in Bursa, Turkey, where animal husbandry is the primary source of livelihood.
Research results have shown that the developed model proved to be satisfactory in
predicting farmers' intentions. The attitude (β=0.38; p <0.01) variable was the most
important determining factor on farmer behavior followed by subjective norms (β=0.30;
p <0.01). Financial incentives provided by local governments was a strong mediator
effect between attitude (β=0.62; p <0.01) and farmers' behavior. This study
emphasizes that local governments should employ more proactive environmental
measures, raise financial incentive initiatives in animal waste management to ensure
farmers ' participation in these practices and sustainable agriculture.
Analysis of the dynamic effect of the electrical interconnection on the stability of the rotor angle for synchronous generators in the electric power system of Syria
Authors: Alzakkar A. , Mestnikov N. P. , Alhajj Hassan F. , Valeev I. M.
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on the study and analysis of the importance of interconnections between electricity systems, which increases with greater probability due to the dependence of all countries and States on electricity and the ease of its transfer between countries in order to supplement their economic and technical benefits.

THE PURPOSE. This study analyzes the dynamic impact of interconnection on circuit stability for synchronous generators in Syrian power grids. In addition, the authors of the article analyzed the dynamic effect of interaction on the stability of the angle of rotation of the rotor of synchronous generators operated in the Syrian power system through the use of dynamic modeling of the country's power system.

METHODS. In the course of the study, the authors used a technique based on the dynamic representation of the power system and the construction of its nonlinear equations, followed by the use of the PSS ® E program. 230-400 kV.

RESULTS. The authors of the article obtained a solution and determination of the system parameters and the separation time of the boundaries of three-phase short circuits in a 400 kV network in addition to determining the angular position of the generator circuits, and thus, its stability was checked, regardless of whether it works independently in the electric power system of Syria or is part of a network.

CONCLUSION. In the course of the study, the authors obtained the following conclusions, such as: an increase in CFCT was found for generating units in the power system of Syria due to connection activation, an increase in transmitted power, which leads to an increase in the stabilization zone after a failure and before the start of connecting electrical systems to the country's power system, as well as it is necessary to conduct in-depth dynamic studies of the entire system in order to represent the effect of the connection on the parameters of the system, taking into account the increase in power.
Methods of ensuring the operational stability of dc-dc power supply in arctic conditions
Authors: Shpenst V. A. , Orel E. A.
Published: October 2021

THEPURPOSE.To consider the features of development and exploitation of DC-DC power supplies for Arctic conditions, to show the key problems and existing methods of solving them, to identify prospective directions in the design of this type of devices.

METODS.Theworkismainlyanover-viewwiththequestionsofconstruction,circuitdesign,controlprinciples,maintainingthermalequilibrium,choosingofelectricelementsandminiaturization.Thefirstpartofthearticleisdevotedtothereviewofscientificpublicationsandpatents,in the second part the idea of using a parallel architecture in frost-resistant power supplies is considered, giving an opportunity to adapt modular principle of device construction.

RESULTS.Thearticleexaminestheissuesofadaptingthemodularapproachtothespecificsoffrost-resistantpowersupplies.Inthiswayyoucanbuilda self-healing, configurable, easy-to-repair power supply of wide application. With modular construction principle the entire electrical complex consists of parallel-connected cells, placed in one hermetic and heated case (a case with connectors on the surface, as well as the control and display units).

CONCLUSION. Parallelconnectionofthecellsallowstoprovidea significant power reserve in the power supply, to perform a quick replacement of faulty modules without interrupting the power supply process, to increase/reduce the system power easily by changing the number of working cells. The system acquires special advantages, if the output voltage levels of the cells are adjustable. In this case, it is possible to build a universal configurable power supply of wide application,whichisa novelty on the market. If you group the cells on the output, you can use one power supply for several different consumers. The spare parts for the power supply are as simple as possible and consists of ready-made cells and connecting wires. The obtained results can be used in development of fault-tolerant secondary DC-DC power supplies for hard operating conditions.
lex artis como estándar de la práctica clínica
Authors: Seoane Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: October 2021

Este artículo explica los criterios que guían el ejercicio profesional. En concreto, qué significa y cómo funciona la lex artis, como la expresión jurídica de la buena práctica médica.

Tras una introducción justificativa, ordeno las normas legales, jurisprudenciales y deontológicas de la lex artis para mostrar la transformación contemporánea de la relación clínica en dos sentidos: el equilibrio entre la libertad profesional y la autonomía y los derechos de los pacientes, y por otro lado la combinación de los aspectos científicos y técnicos con los elementos éticos, jurídicos y deontológicos.

Este contexto normativo da paso a la tesis central: la lex artis es un estándar, esto es, un tipo de norma que no exige un resultado ni indica qué se debe hacer, sino que prescribe cómo debería actuar el profesional: un ejercicio diligente, prudente y razonable que ha definirse en cada caso y en cada paciente.

Por consiguiente, la lex artis es un saber cómo, que ratifica que el ejercicio profesional y el razonamiento médico siguen siendo ejemplos de sabiduría práctica.
Pengalaman Orang Tua Dalam Proses Pendampingan Pembelajaran Daring di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Mutaqin Ibnu , Pratiwi Mutia Rahmi
Published: October 2021

Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) atau yang dikenal dengan pembelajaran daring menjadi cerita baru dalam kehidupan pola pengasuhan orangtua di rumah. Persoalan di ranah domestik pada sisi peranan orangtua menarik untuk dikaji berbasis pada keragaman pengalaman orangtua sebagai pengganti guru di rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengalaman orangtua dalam menerapkan pola asuh selama proses pembelajaran daring berjalan di masa pandemi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi. Jumlah informan sebanyak empat orang Ibu yang memiiki anak di bangku SD. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola komunikasi yang digunakan oleh orangtua adalah demokratis dan autoratif. Informan menyatakan bahwa anak merasa lebih nyaman dalam melalui proses pembelajaran daring ketika orangtua menerapkan komunikasi yg terbuka dan sifatnya dua arah. Seluruh informan juga melakukan perannya sebagai pengganti guru di rumah, fasilitator, motivator dan director selama proses pembelajaran daring berlangsung.
Remaja Dan Rokoknya
Authors: Kurniawati Ferika
Published: October 2021

Masa remaja merupakan masa perubahan emosi, fisik, minat dan pola perilaku. Remaja mulai meninggalkan sikap dan tingkah laku yang kekanak-kanakan, dan mulai menunjukkan kemampuan berperilaku dewasa. Salah satu perilaku tersebut yaitu perilaku merokok. Perilaku merokok ini dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif bagi remaja baik dari segi kesehatan, ekonomi, sosial dan psikologis.Dilihat dari efek negatif bagi kesehatan, efek bahan kimia yang terkandung dalam rokok seperti nikotin, CO (karbon monoksida) dan tar akan merangsang kerja sistem saraf pusat dan detak jantung untuk mempercepat, menstimulasi kanker dan berbagai penyakit lain
Japanese Dictionary for Sentiment Analysis of Counselling Text
Authors: Nakayama Masataka , Chihiro Hatanaka , Konakawa Hisae , Suzuki Yuka , Koh Alethea Hui Qin , Sugihara Yasushi , Kawai Toshio
Published: October 2021

Chat-based counselling has become increasingly popular in the era of telecommunication. The need for accessible therapy has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Given its text-based nature, chat-based counselling provides an opportunity for machine-based analysis. It even has the potential to provide machine-based counselling services. However, the informational resources for machine-based analysis and interaction are rather scarce especially in a Japanese-language context. We created a Japanese dictionary for sentiment analysis, using a technique via machine-based text analysis, tailored for counselling related text. It includes 2389 words that were frequently used in chat-based counselling corpora. The following attributes were included for each word: (1) valence rating by the general public, (2) valence rating by clinical psychologists, (3) emotionality, and (4) body-relatedness.
Deadly Gun Violence, Neighborhood Collective Efficacy, and Adolescent Neurobehavioral Outcomes
Authors: Gard Arianna M , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne , McLanahan Sara , Mitchell Colter , Monk Christopher S. , Hyde Luke Williamson
Published: October 2021

Gun violence is a major public health problem and costs the United States $280 billion annually (1). Although adolescents are disproportionately impacted (e.g., premature death), we know little about how close adolescents live to deadly gun violence incidents and whether such proximity impacts their socioemotional development (2, 3). Moreover, gun violence is likely to shape youth developmental outcomes through biological processes – including functional connectivity within regions of the brain that support emotion processing, salience detection, and physiological stress responses – though little work has examined this hypothesis. Lastly, it is unclear if strong neighborhood social ties can buffer youth from the neurobehavioral effects of gun violence. Within a nationwide birth cohort of 3,444 youth (56% Black, 24% Hispanic) born in large U.S. cities, every additional deadly gun violence incident that occurred within 500 meters of home in the prior year was associated with an increase in behavioral problems by 9.6%, even after accounting for area-level crime and socioeconomic resources. Incidents that occurred closer to a child’s home exerted larger effects, and stronger neighborhood social ties offset these associations. In a neuroimaging subsample (N = 164) of the larger cohort, living near more incidents of gun violence and reporting weaker neighborhood social ties were associated with weaker amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity during socioemotional processing, a pattern previously linked to less effective emotion regulation. Results provide spatially-sensitive evidence for gun violence effects on adolescent behavior, a potential mechanism through which risk is biologically-embedded, and ways in which positive community factors offset ecological risk.
Evaluation Advisory Groups: Considerations for Design and Management
Authors: Voegeli Christopher , Schmitt-Boshnick Margo , Krupa Eugene
Published: October 2021

Abstract: An evaluation advisory group can be a vital resource, particularly for evaluations of collaboration-driven initiatives, but only if we effectively design the groups and engage their members. We discuss evaluation advisory groups using four themes: purposes, structures, processes, and pitfalls. Insights from a review and synthesis of the evaluation advisory group literature are integrated and illustrated with our own real-world experiences with evaluation advisory groups on a national and state/provincial scale, and in university and health system settings.
СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ ИСКУССТВА ГРАФИКИ И ГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ДИЗАЙНА В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЕ В КОНЦЕ 19 – НАЧАЛЕ 20 ВЕКОВ
Authors: Ашурли С. Р.
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the art of graphics in Azerbaijan of the late 19th – early 20th centuries. It tell about the distinctive features of this type of fine art, the techniques of performance, directions, as well as correlation with graphic design. It tells in detail about the pre-revolutionary poster in Azerbaijan, its function, style decisions, social significance, as well as the traditions of this genre. Much attention is paid to the satirical graphics, its founders A. Azimzadeh, J. Mamedkulizadeh, O. Shmerling, I. Rotte and others, who published their works in the pages of “Molla Nasreddin”.