bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’encadrement intensif dans les centres jeunesse du Québec : l’impact de la législation sur la pratique clinique
Authors: Lavoie* Katie
Published: April 2018

Cet article porte sur l’utilisation du placement sécuritaire applicable en vertu de la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse. Connue dans la pratique sous l’appellation du programme d’hébergement avec encadrement intensif, cette mesure est envisageable lorsqu’un jeune adopte des comportements mettant en danger sa sécurité et son développement. Le contexte entourant l’inscription de l’encadrement intensif dans la loi québécoise doit être compris dans la mouvance de la reconnaissance de l’enfant comme sujet de droit. En s’appuyant sur une recherche menée auprès d’intervenants en centre jeunesse, cet article illustre les retombées du nouveau cadre juridique sur le respect des droits fondamentaux des jeunes. Bien que l’amendement à la loi rappelle que la privation de liberté d’un enfant en danger doit être dans son intérêt, la discussion amènera des pistes de réflexion afin de poursuivre la difficile incarnation du respect des droits fondamentaux dans les pratiques de réadaptation.
Éléments de l’encadrement juridique canadien du témoignage de l’enfant : entre développements de la pédopsychiatrie et règles de preuves
Authors: Léger-Riopel Nicholas , Ingersoll* Christopher
Published: April 2018

Cet article part du constat de l’inefficacité des sanctions punitives appliquées aux enfants ayant commis des infractions et de leurs conséquences négatives quant à leur responsabilisation et leur développement. Il propose, à l’aide de l’approche restauratrice, de responsabiliser davantage l’enfant en conflit avec la loi à travers sa participation active au processus judiciaire. Participation qui permettrait ainsi la manifestation de ses intérêts, en accord avec les directives du droit international, et lui éviterait les séquelles que peut causer un système de justice répressif. En premier lieu, un rappel historique évoque le monopole de l’État en matière de justice pénale, réaffirme l’importance de l’existence d’une justice différenciée pour les mineurs et met en lumière les limites du droit international. Dans un second temps, l’émergence et les apports de l’approche restauratrice sont abordés, avant de s’intéresser à leur application dans un cadre de justice juvénile, et aux avantages d’une participation de l’enfant.
Les enjeux éthiques de la pratique privée de l’ergothérapie : perceptions d’ergothérapeutes
Authors: Goulet Marie , Drolet Marie-Josée
Published: April 2018

Au Québec, 31% des ergothérapeutes travaillent dans le secteur privé, lequel est en constante croissance. À ce jour, aucune étude n’a spécifiquement répertorié les enjeux éthiques de cette pratique. Cette étude avait pour objectif d’explorer ces enjeux, c’est-à-dire les situations susceptibles de compromettre le respect d’une valeur éthique. Optant pour un devis d’inspiration phénoménologique, sept ergothérapeutes ont été rencontrés dans le cadre d’entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées. Basé sur le cadre conceptuel de Swisher et ses collaborateurs, le canevas d’entrevue a permis d’identifier différents types d’enjeux éthiques. Les résultats attestent que plusieurs valeurs sont susceptibles d’être compromises, soit : le bien-être du patient, l’autonomie du patient, la sécurité publique, la justice distributive, la qualité des interventions, la pratique compétente, l’indépendance professionnelle, l’honnêteté et le professionnalisme. Bien que les ergothérapeutes aient à coeur le bien-être des patients, plusieurs éléments semblent contribuer à cet état de fait, comme les situations de double allégeance vécues par les ergothérapeutes, l’ingérence des tiers payeurs dans le processus clinique et le mode de financement des cliniques. Plus encore, les enjeux éthiques de la pratique privée de l’ergothérapie sont principalement de nature macroscopique. La capacité des ergothérapeutes à percevoir certains de ces enjeux semble être reliée à certaines de leurs caractéristiques, en l’occurrence leur sensibilité éthique et le fait qu’ils soient novices. Les résultats de cette étude rejoignent en général ceux décrits dans les écrits en physiothérapie et montrent le manque de soutien offert aux ergothérapeutes, notamment aux novices, pour surmonter ces enjeux avec aisance et efficacité.
Marking the differences in motoneurons
Authors: Sharples Simon A , Whelan Patrick J
Published: April 2018

A subgroup of the neurons that control muscles becomes less excitable shortly before the symptoms of ALS develop.
Valente: a desconstrução dos estereótipos femininos em uma princesa Disney
Authors: Vitorelo Raquel , Pelegrini Christian
Published: April 2018

O filme “Valente” (2012) foi o primeiro filme da Pixar com uma protagonista feminina, além de ser o primeiro filme do estúdio a ser dirigido por uma mulher. O filme é fruto da união entre Pixar e Disney, sendo que a Disney possui uma conhecida tradição em “filmes de princesa”. A partir de um conjunto de atributos comuns às primeiras princesas da Disney, constituindo-se assim a “Princesa Clássica”, verificamos a mudança da figura da princesa na personagem Merida, do filme “Valente”, que sugere uma quebra de padrões narrativos da Princesa Clássica ao se construir conforme uma imagem de mulher contemporânea. Também são identificadas novas funções dramáticas da protagonista Merida, em comparação às princesas antecedentes, bem como novas abordagens de relações entre personagens, como por exemplo a relação com a figura maternal e seu papel como antagonista nos filmes. “Valente” se apropria e ressignifica temas comuns aos filmes de princesa, tais como a bruxa, o casamento, o dever etc., e propõe uma conclusão que foge ao tradicional “felizes para sempre” da Princesa Clássica.
Surgeon Workforce in Underserved Communities
Authors: Taylor Crystal D. , Schaefer Sara L. , Diaz Adrian , Kunnath Nicholas , Scott John W. , Ibrahim Andrew M.
Published: November 2024

This cohort study evaluates the Health Professional Shortage Area Surgeon Incentive Program to determine how it may have changed the surgeon workforce in designated areas.
Using Bayh-Dole Act March-In Rights to Lower US Drug Prices
Authors: Ouellette Lisa Larrimore , Sampat Bhaven N.
Published: November 2024

Importance

In December 2023, the Biden-Harris Administration released a proposed framework for exercising government march-in rights (effectively granting compulsory licenses for those patents to generic drug makers) under the Bayh-Dole Act on patents on taxpayer-funded drugs, which has renewed questions about whether march-in rights could promote cost savings through generic competition or harm pharmaceutical innovation.

Objectives

To determine the feasibility of using march-in rights to remove patent barriers to generic competition.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study examined government funding information from multiple sources for patents listed in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Orange Book from 1985 to 2023. Data analysis was completed in August 2024.

Exposures

New drug applications (NDAs) with Orange Book–listed patents, including (1) all new molecular entities (NMEs) approved from 1985 to 2022; (2) all NDAs with an Orange Book patent listed between 1985 and 2023; and (3) NDAs with unexpired patents listed in a recent (October 2023) edition of the Orange Book.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was whether the drugs had any or all patents that were public-sector patents subject to the Bayh-Dole Act, based on combining different data sources for identifying patents that resulted from federal funding. Public-sector patents resulting from intramural research, which are not subject to march-in rights under the Bayh-Dole Act, were identified separately.

Results

Of 883 new molecular entities approved from 1985 to 2022, 68 (8%) had a Bayh-Dole patent, but only 18 (2%) had solely Bayh-Dole patents. Of 2832 drugs with patents listed for 1985 to 2023, 142 (5%) had a Bayh-Dole patent, but only 38 (1%) had solely Bayh-Dole patents. Of 1213 drugs with Orange Book patents listed in October 2023, 41 (3%) had a Bayh-Dole patent, but only 14 (1%) had solely Bayh-Dole patents.

Conclusion and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that, although Bayh-Dole march-in rights could remove patent barriers to generic entry for a few drugs, their overall effect would be limited.
Lysine deacetylase inhibitors have low selectivity in cells and exhibit predominantly off‐target effects
Authors: Bornes Kiara E. , Moody Marcus A. , Huckaba Thomas M. , Benz Megan C. , McConnell Emily C. , Foroozesh Maryam , Barnes Van H. , Collins‐Burow Bridgette M. , Burow Matthew E. , Watt Terry J. , Toro Tasha B.
Published: November 2024

Lysine deacetylases (KDACs or HDACs) are metal‐dependent enzymes that regulate lysine acetylation, a post‐translational modification that is present on thousands of human proteins, essential for many cellular processes, and often misregulated in diseases. The selective inhibition of KDACs would allow for understanding of the biological roles of individual KDACs and therapeutic targeting of individual enzymes. Recent studies have suggested that purportedly specific KDAC inhibitors have significant off‐target binding, but the biological consequences of off‐target binding were not evaluated. We compared the effects of treatment with two of the reportedly most KDAC‐selective inhibitors, Tubastatin A and PCI‐34051, in HT1080 cells in which the endogenous KDAC6 or KDAC8 gene has been mutated to inactivate enzyme catalysis while retaining enzyme expression. Genetic inactivation results in much stronger deacetylation defects on known targets compared to inhibitor treatment. Gene expression analysis revealed that both inhibitors have extensive and extensively overlapping off‐target effects in cells, even at low inhibitor doses. Furthermore, Tubastatin A treatment led to increased histone acetylation, while inactivation of KDAC6 or KDAC8 did not. Genetic inactivation of KDAC6, but not KDAC8, impaired tumor formation in a xenograft model system, in contrast to previous reports with KDAC inhibitors suggesting the reverse. We conclude that the majority of observed biological effects of treatment with KDAC inhibitors are due to off‐target effects rather than the intended KDAC inhibition. Developing a truly specific KDAC6 inhibitor could be a promising therapeutic avenue, but it is imperative to develop new inhibitors that selectively mimic genetic inactivation of individual KDACs.
A novel method for estimating avian roost sizes using passive acoustic recordings
Authors: Soh Malcolm C. K. , Chitre Mandar A. , Hoffmann‐Kuhnt Matthias , Lee Benjamin P. Y.‐H. , Er Kenneth B. H.
Published: November 2024

Communal bird roosts serve as information centres and a means of thermoregulation for many species. While some communally roosting species are major pests and cause dis‐amenities, others are of conservation concern. Estimating the population of roosting birds can provide a useful proxy of population size and possibly a more reliable estimate than other sampling techniques. However, estimating these populations is challenging as some roosts are large and often occluded in foliage.

Previous acoustic methods such as paired sampling, microphone arrays and use of call rate have been used to estimate bird abundances; however, these are less suited for estimating large roost populations where hundreds of individuals are calling in unison. To address this challenge, we explored using machine learning techniques to estimate a roost population of the Javan myna, Acridotheres javanicus, an invasive species in Singapore. While one may expect to use sound intensity to estimate roost sizes, it is affected by various factors such as distance to the recorder, local propagation conditions (e.g. buildings and trees), weather conditions, and noise from other sources. Here, we used a deep neural network to extract higher order statistics from the sound recordings and use those to help estimate roost sizes. Additionally, we validated our method using automated visual analysis with a dual‐camera setup and manual bird counts.

Our estimated bird counts over time using our acoustic model matched the automated visual estimates and manual bird counts at a selected Javan myna roost, thus validating our approach. Our acoustic model estimated close to 400 individual mynas roosting in a single tree. Analyses of additional recordings of Javan myna roosts conducted on two separate occasions and at a different roost location using our acoustic model showed that our roost estimates over time also matched our automated visual estimates well.

Practical implication: Our novel approach of estimating communal roost sizes can be achieved robustly using a simple portable acoustic recording system. Our method has multiple applications such as testing the efficacy of avian roost population control measures (e.g. roost tree pruning) and monitoring the populations of threatened bird species that roost communally.
European Englishes
Authors: Ozón Gabriel
Published: November 2024

The English language has followed both familiar and unfamiliar paths in the European context. After a brief overview of the growing presence of the language on the continent, such paths are compared against world Englishes models which have been used for mapping the global spread of English. Categorization challenges, and their implications for the European Union, are identified and discussed. Despite Brexit and its attendant uncertainty, the future looks promising. Research prospects (including methodological ones), agendas, and avenues are put forward in the final sections to contribute to mapping the new, unfamiliar paths English is following in Europe.
Con‐textual Devices and MachiNet(Works)
Authors: Cantley Bryan
Published: November 2024

California‐based architectural educator Bryan Cantley has pursued the analogy of the machine consistently since his days as a student in Los Angeles. Over the last few decades, he has developed an instantly recognisable style, as he investigates the interstices of the virtual and the actual and all the mixed realities in‐between. Here he describes his working methods and creative preoccupations that ferment into a hot, heady broth of architectural speculation.
Pedagogical Artefacts: Representations and Inflections in Latin America
Authors: Atencio Daniela , Rossi Claudio
Published: November 2024

While the machine is often seen as a powerful agent and enabler of extractive technologies, pollution and climate change, it can also be a necessary ally in resurrecting complex landscape rejuvenation projects that target potentially beneficial, catalytic natural hotspots. Daniela Atencio and Claudio Rossi, both architects and Associate Professors at the Universidad de Los Andes in Bogotá, Colombia, show us how.
Desirous Machines: Towards a New Architectural Allegory
Authors: Baldwin Peter J
Published: November 2024

The relationship between machines and architectural inspiration has changed over the years as technology has become more and more virtual. The machine allegory has therefore edged towards invisibility, pervasively penetrated the integrity of the body, and manipulated matter atom by atom. Architect, artist and academic Peter J Baldwin explains architecture's machinic infatuations, their histories and their exponential acceleration in a time of emerging singularity and technological convergence.
Mechanical Behaviors of Orthogonal Spiral Metal Skeleton–Polyurethane Elastomer Composites under Complex Loading Modes
Authors: Xue Xin , Ye Zixiong , Liu Xinzhe , Liao Juan , Zhang Mangong
Published: November 2024

Herein, a novel material design strategy is proposed: an interpenetrating composite composed of a woven orthogonal spiral metal skeleton and polyurethane (PU) elastomer. This interpenetrating composite combines rigidity and flexibility, exhibiting excellent elasticity and deformation recovery. The deformation behavior and mechanical properties of the composites under various loading conditions are investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. Different degrees of warping behaviors occur in composites with various structural parameters under uniaxial tension. Alternating rotations and double spiral arrangements can significantly limit the warping phenomenon, with a maximum reduction of 78%. The bending load capacity is regularly increased by increasing the wire diameter and decreasing the pitch. Increasing the number of loaded spiral wires enhances the bending load capacity of the composites. Uniaxial compression tests demonstrate that the composites have excellent load‐carrying capacity and strain recovery, with compressive strength 1.5 times that of pure PU. Cyclic compression tests further illustrate the excellent energy consumption capacity and stability of the composites. Overall, the introduction of orthogonal spiral skeletons into the composites demonstrates the potential to achieve enhanced load‐carrying capacity and large strain recovery simultaneously.
Hydrocarbon‐Derived Graphene Nanoparticles and Their Networked Morphology
Authors: Zhang Yufan , Sarmah Anubhav , Banavath Ramu , Arole Kailash , Deshpande Sayyam , Cao Huaixuan , Dasari Smita S. , Yollin Paul , Cook Dylan , Parliman Richard W. , Peat Stephnie , Kosmoski Joseph V. , Johnson Evan C. , Green Micah J.
Published: November 2024

Over the past two decades, there has been a significant increase in the industrial production of carbon nanomaterials. Many high‐quality nanomaterials require the use of metal‐based catalysts, which in turn raise production costs, require postprocessing, and limit scaleup. Herein, novel industrially produced graphene nanoparticles that are derived from hydrocarbon streams via a scalable catalyst‐free process in a proprietary reactor are analyzed. The resulting carbon nanomaterials exhibit a unique morphology, featuring nanoscale building blocks in microscale networks. The nanomaterials display exceptional performance in several applications due to their prenetworked structure: These carbon nanomaterials are promising as conductive additives for supercapacitor electrodes, which exhibit superior performance compared to common commercial additives (61% capacitance improvement at 2 A g−1), and as electrochemical sensors, with a sensitivity of 162 μA mm−1 cm−2 for nitrite ion sensing. Moreover, these carbon nanomaterials reinforce thermoset and thermoplastic composites, with tensile strength enhancement of 238% at 5 wt% filler for epoxy, superior to prior reports for carbon nanotubes.
Dual Lewis Acid Promoted/Visible Light Driven Preparation of Aryl Diazenyl Oxazoles from Isocyanoacetamides and Arylazo Sulfones
Authors: Delalande Enzo , di Terlizzi Lorenzo , Russo Camilla , Volpe Carmine , Protti Stefano , Giustiniano Mariateresa
Published: November 2024

While arylazo sulfones have been widely applied as arylating agents, their exploitation for diazenylation reactions has been previously limited to electron‐rich alkenes such as styrenes and silyl enol ethers. Herein we optimized a synthetic one‐pot protocol to access oxazolyl azo compounds via a selective domino ring‐closing/aryldiazenylation sequence by starting from arylazo sulfones and isocyanoacetamides in the presence of Sm(OTf)3 as the Lewis acid. The substrate scope, along with scale‐up reaction both in batch and under continuous flow conditions provide a valuable approach to such a class of heteroaryl azo compounds.
Boosting the Sodiation Kinetics of Sn Anode Using a Yolk–Shell Nanohybrid Structure for High‐Rate and Ultrastable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lim Hyojun , Yu Seungho , Chang Wonyoung , Chung Kyung Yoon , Choi Wonchang , Kim Sang‐Ok
Published: November 2024

Metallic Sn (Tin) is a promising anode material for Na‐ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity of 870 mAh g−1. However, its large volumetric changes, interfacial instability, and sluggish sodiation kinetics limit its practical applications. Herein, a hierarchical yolk–shell nanohybrid composed of an Sn yolk and a Carbon/Silicon oxycarbide (C/SiOC) bilayer shell is prepared via the simple pyrolysis of a silicone oil dispersion containing an Sn precursor. The multifunctional bilayer helps boost sodiation kinetics by providing conductive pathways, enhancing the reversible capacity through surface capacitive reactions, and stabilizing the electrode/electrolyte interface. Abundant void interspaces inside the yolk–shell structure accommodate large volume changes of the Sn yolk. The Sn@C/SiOC nanohybrid demonstrates high specific capacity (≈500 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1), remarkable rate performance up to 10 A g−1, and ultrastable cyclability (91.1% retention after 1500 cycles at 5 A g−1). This yolk–shell nanohybrid structuring can guide the development of various high‐capacity anodes for energy storage applications.
Development of a porcine model of skin and soft‐tissue infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin‐resistant strains suitable for testing topical antimicrobial agents
Authors: Raška Filip , Lipový Břetislav , Kobzová Šárka , Vacek Lukáš , Jarošová Rea , Kleknerová Dominika , Matiašková Katarína , Makovický Peter , Vícenová Monika , Jeklová Edita , Pantůček Roman , Faldyna Martin , Janda Lubomír
Published: November 2024

Background

In view of the ever‐increasing representation of Staphylococcus spp. strains resistant to various antibiotics, the development of in vivo models for evaluation of novel antimicrobials is of utmost importance.

Methods

In this article, we describe the development of a fully immunocompetent porcine model of extensive skin and soft tissue damage suitable for testing topical antimicrobial agents that matches the real clinical situation. The model was developed in three consecutive stages with protocols for each stage amended based on the results of the previous one.

Results

In the final model, 10 excisions of the skin and underlying soft tissue were created in each pig under general anesthesia, with additional incisions to the fascia performed at the base of the defects and immediately inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus suspension. One pig was not inoculated and used as the negative control. Subsequently, the bandages were changed on Days 4, 8, 11, and 15. At these time points, a filter paper imprint technique (FPIT) was made from each wound for semi‐quantitative microbiological evaluation. Tissue samples from the base of the wound together with the adjacent intact tissue of three randomly selected defects of each pig were taken for microbiological, histopathological, and molecular‐biological examination. The infection with the inoculated S. aureus strains was sufficient during the whole experiment as confirmed by both FPIT and from tissue samples. The dynamics of the inflammatory markers and clinical signs of infection are also described.

Conclusions

A successfully developed porcine model is suitable for in vivo testing of novel short‐acting topical antimicrobial agents.
Characterizing Nonarticular Pain at Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis: Evolution Over the First Year of Treatment and Impact on Remission in a Prospective Real‐World Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Meng Charis F. , Lee Yvonne C. , Schieir Orit , Valois Marie‐France , Butler Margaret A. , Boire Gilles , Hazlewood Glen , Allard‐Chamard Hugues , Hitchon Carol , Kuriya Bindee , Tin Diane , Thorne Carter , Bessette Louis , Pope Janet , Bartlett Susan J. , Bykerk Vivian P. ,   the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort Investigators
Published: November 2024

Objective

Our objective was to characterize nonarticular pain (NAP) at early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis, the evolution over the first year of treatment, associations with active RA inflammation, and the impact on remission.

Methods

This real‐world, longitudinal multicenter cohort study observed participants with active early RA (symptoms <1 year and Clinical Disease Activity Index [CDAI] >2.8) enrolled between January 2017 and January 2022 who completed a body pain diagram over 1 year. Participants were grouped by prespecified definitions of NAP: (1) none, (2) regional, or (3) widespread. Rheumatologists performed joint counts. Descriptive statistics summarized the frequency and evolution of NAP patterns over 1 year. Chi‐square tests compared the proportions of tender and/or swollen joints by the presence of pain in each NAP section. Multiadjusted generalized estimating equations regression models estimated associations of NAP patterns with remission outcomes.

Results

Participants (N = 392) were 70% female, with a mean ± SD age of 56 ± 14 years and mean ± SD symptoms duration of 5.1 ± 2.7 months. More than half reported NAP at baseline, with most (73%) presenting with regional NAP. Common patterns of regional NAP were axial (40%) and pain in upper quadrants (17%). A total of 43% of those with regional NAP persisted or worsened over 1 year, whereas 73% of those with widespread NAP resolved or improved. Joint inflammation was more frequently reported in areas with NAP versus areas without NAP. Regional and widespread NAP were associated with lower odds of reaching CDAI remission (adjusted odds ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.26–0.70 and adjusted odds ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.12–0.74), respectively.

Conclusion

Regional NAP is common and persistent in early RA and impacts remission. RA activity may contribute to NAP. More attention to NAP in RA care is warranted.

image
Design an Energy‐Conserving Pathway for Efficient Biosynthesis of 1,5‐Pentanediol and 5‐Amino‐1‐Pentanol
Authors: Ma Lin , Xie Chong , Zhang Yu , Li Wenna , An Ning , Shen Xiaolin , Wang Jia , Sun Xinxiao , Yuan Qipeng
Published: November 2024

1,5‐Pentanediol (1,5‐PDO) is an important five‐carbon alcohol, widely used in polymer and pharmaceutical industries. Considering the substantial energy (ATP and NADPH) requirements of previous pathways, an energy‐conserving artificial pathway with a higher theoretical yield (0.75 mol/mol glucose) was designed and constructed in this study. In this pathway, lysine is converted into 1,5‐PDO by decarboxylation, two transamination, and two reduction reactions. For the purpose of full pathway construction, 5‐aminopetanal reductase and 5‐amino‐1‐pentanol (5‐APO) transaminase were identified and characterized. By implementing strategies such as modular optimization of gene expression, enhancing lysine biosynthesis and increasing NADPH supply, the engineered strains were able to produce 1502.8 mg/L 5‐APO and 726.2 mg/L 1,5‐PDO in shake flasks and 11.7 g/L 1,5‐PDO in a 3 L bioreactor. This work provides a new and promising pathway for the efficient production of 5‐APO and 1,5‐PDO.
Correlation Between Regulation of Intestinal Flora by Danggui‐Shaoyao‐San and Improvement of Cognitive Impairment in Mice With Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wang Ya‐Han , Ding Peng‐Li , Zhang Kai‐Xin , Xu Xiang‐Qing , Li He
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The abnormal central glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to the brain–gut axis. This study aims to explore the target of Danggui‐Shaoyao‐San (DSS) in improving cognitive impairment.

Method

This study analyzed the differences in mice intestinal flora by 16S rRNA sequencing. The cognitive protective effects of DSS were observed through the Morris water maze and the new object recognition. The mitigation effects of DSS on Aβ and p‐tau, regulatory effects on glucose metabolism targets, and intestinal structure effects were observed through brain and colon slices staining. The differences in neural ultrastructure were compared by transmission electron microscopy.

Finding

The results showed that DSS affected the composition of intestinal dominant bacteria and bacteria genera and regulated the abundance of intestinal bacteria in AD mice. DSS improved the behavior of AD mice, alleviated the deposition of AD pathological products in the brain and colon, regulated the expression of glycometabolism‐related proteins, and improved the colon barrier structure and neural ultrastructure in the brain of mice with AD.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that DSS may affect AD central glucose metabolism and improve cognition by regulating the gut–brain axis.
Exploring the Association Between Cognitive Decline and Triglyceride‐Glucose Index: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ghondaghsaz Elina , Khalaji Amirmohammad , Mahalleh Mehrdad , Masrour Mahdi , Mohammadi Parsa , Cannavo Alessandro , Behnoush Amir Hossein
Published: November 2024

Background

Cognitive decline and dementia are debilitating conditions that compromise the quality of life and charge the healthcare system with a substantial socioeconomic burden. In this context, emerging evidence supports an association between the triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG), a surrogate insulin resistance marker, and cognitive decline and dementia. Hence, we systematically reviewed the studies assessing the TyG index in patients with cognitive decline and their controls.

Methods

Online international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science) were searched comprehensively for studies showing the TyG index in patients with cognitive decline/impairment. Random‐effect meta‐analyses were conducted to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD), pooled odds ratio (OR), and pooled area under the curve (AUC), in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the comparisons of groups.

Results

Seventeen studies were included in our analysis. Then, we conducted a meta‐analysis, demonstrating that patients with cognitive decline had significantly higher levels of TyG index than those without (SMD 0.83, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.50, p = 0.015). Moreover, our data showed that a 1‐unit increase in the TyG index was associated with higher odds of cognitive decline (adjusted OR [aOR] 2.86, 95% CI 1.49 to 5.50, p = 0.002). Further, we observed that patients in the fourth TyG quartile with higher values of the TyG index than the first quartile presented with more increased cognitive decline (aOR 1.62, 95%CI 1.11 to 2.38, p = 0.013). Finally, pooled AUC data for the diagnostic performance of the TyG index resulted in an overall AUC value of 0.73 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.79). Sensitivity and specificity were also calculated as 0.695 and 0.687, respectively.

Conclusion

This study supports the clinical utility of the TyG index in patients with cognitive decline and solicits more focused studies to consolidate its usage in clinical settings and real‐world practice.
Detached pyloric gland adenoma of gallbladder: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Khalaf Mohamed H. , Mohamed Lina M. , Al‐Zoubi Raed M. , Zarour Ahmad , Ghali Mohamed Said
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

Vigilant intraoperative inspection is crucial during gallbladder surgery to detect any abnormal tissue including the rare pyloric gland adenomas, which can be easily missed. Thorough examination and removal of unusual lymph nodes or thickened tissues are essential to prevent the risk of malignant transformation and ensure comprehensive patient care.

Pyloric gland adenomas are uncommon tumors that can be discovered in various organs such as the stomach, gallbladder, and pancreas. Typically lacking noticeable symptoms, these tumors are categorized into subtypes, with the pyloric variant being the most frequent. The term “intracholecystic papillary‐tubular neoplasms (ICPN)” is used to emphasize growth patterns and associated risks. In a discussed case, a detached pyloric gland adenoma was identified incidentally during a cholecystectomy procedure. A 58‐year‐old obese male presented with upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He was diagnosed with early cholecystitis caused by gallstones. Subsequently, during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a detached adenoma was discovered. Vigilant screening is crucial, as the identification of gallbladder pyloric gland adenomas is a rare occurrence that might be missed during gallbladder surgery. Any unusual lymph nodes or thickened tissues found in association with the gallbladder ought to be carefully removed, as they could potentially indicate detached gallbladder adenomas with a significant risk of becoming malignant. Failing to consider this possibility may subject the patient to prolonged risks if not meticulously examined.
Successful use of single‐port laparoscopic surgery for ovarian cyst removal on postpartum day two after vaginal delivery
Authors: Yang Zhou , Jiao Jun , Li Mingbao
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

This report describes a single‐port laparoscopic approach for giant ovarian cystectomy tailored for postpartum patients. For asymptomatic giant ovarian cysts reaching full term, timely postpartum single‐port laparoscopic surgery may confer benefits by utilizing physiological alterations to mitigate risks and enhance surgical outcomes.
A Practical Framework Integrating Two‐Way Chemometric Methods With Three‐Way Ones for the Analysis of Hyphenated Chromatographic Data of Complex Systems
Authors: Tang Zhang‐Feng , Wei Wei‐Wei , Wang Zhi‐Guo , Du Wen , Chen Zeng‐Ping
Published: November 2024

Hyphenated chromatographic techniques are widely used to analyze and characterize complex samples. Chemometric methods are generally needed to extract the qualitative and quantitative information of the target analytes from complex hyphenated chromatographic data. However, neither two‐way nor three‐way chemometric methods are efficient enough in analyzing hyphenated chromatographic data with both severe peak overlapping and retention time shift across samples. To address this issue, a practical framework was proposed herein. It consists of three chemometric algorithms, that is, (1) “fix‐sized moving window evolving target spectral projection” for locating the possible peak positions of the target analytes, (2) “target identification based on singular value comparison” for determining whether the identified peaks are indeed the chromatographic peaks of the target analytes, and (3) “fix‐sized moving window evolving trilinear decomposition” for obtaining the quantitative results of the target analytes. Experimental results on the GC‐MS data sets of mixture samples of 10 compounds verified that the proposed framework could deal with the problems of both severe peak overlapping and retention time shift across samples. The proposed framework has the advantages of simplicity in concept, easy implementation, and good performance and hence is expected to be a competitive alternative to existing methods for the analysis of hyphenated chromatographic data of complex samples.
Cyclic Ruthenium(II)−Halocarbon Complexes Derived from Ru(II)‐Induced Cyclization of Homopropargylic Halopyridines: Mechanism, Bonding and Reactivity
Authors: Yeung Chi‐Fung , Tang Sik‐Him , Shek Hau‐Lam , Yiu Shek‐Man , Wong Chun‐Yuen
Published: November 2024

The activation of various homopropargylic pyridines by cis‐[RuII/OsII(dppm)2Cl2] (dppm=1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) has previously been shown to generate a diverse array of metallacycles and metalated heterocyclic complexes. However, a minor structural modification of introducing a halide onto the pyridyl group of the alkyne substrate resulted in the formation of unprecedented Ru(II)/Os(II)−haloquinolizine complexes. These complexes display (1) κ2(X,C)‐haloquinolizine chelates arising from the cycloisomerization of HC≡CC(OH)(CH2(6‐X‐2‐py))(Ph) on [RuII/OsII(dppm)2]2+ moieties via a vinylidene pathway, (2) five‐membered Ru/Os−X−C−N−C rings (X=F, Cl, Br) ortho‐ and peri‐fused to quinolizinium skeletons, and (3) uncommon M−X−R bonding interactions that are atypical in coordination complexes. Despite being divalent and integrated into a five‐membered Ru−X−C−N−C ring system, the X atoms in the Ru(II) complexes are susceptible to substitution by O in the presence of −OH, resulting in the formation of quinolizinium‐fused ruthenaoxazole complexes. Overall, this work highlights the importance of considering metal−halocarbon bonding interactions in catalytic or coordination designs.
Targeted therapies for Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): State‐of‐the‐art and future prospects
Authors: Satish Smera , Athavale Maithili , Kharkar Prashant S.
Published: November 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of brain cancer, characterized by rapid growth and resistance to conventional therapies. The present review explores the latest advancements in targeted therapies for GBM, emphasizing the critical role of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), blood‐brain‐tumor barrier, tumor microenvironment, and genetic mutations in influencing treatment outcomes. The impact of the key hallmarks of GBM, for example, chemoresistance, hypoxia, and the presence of glioma stem cells on the disease progression and multidrug resistance are discussed in detail. The major focus is on the innovative strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies, small‐molecule inhibitors, and novel drug delivery systems designed to enhance drug penetration across the BBB. Additionally, the potential of immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccine‐based approaches, to improve patient prognosis was explored. Recent clinical trials and preclinical studies are reviewed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and future prospects in GBM treatment. The integration of advanced computational models and personalized medicine approaches is also considered, aiming to tailor therapies to individual patient profiles for better efficacy. Overall, while significant progress has been made in understanding and targeting the complex biology of GBM, continued research and clinical innovation are imperative to develop more effective and sustainable therapeutic options for patients battling this formidable disease.
Long‐term cardiovascular outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related myocarditis: A large single‐centre analysis
Authors: Braghieri Lorenzo , Gharaibeh Ahmad , Nkashama Lubika , Abushouk Abdelrahman , Abushawer Osama , Mehdizadeh‐Shrifi Amir , Honnekeri Bianca , Calabrese Cassandra , Menon Venu , Funchain Pauline , Collier Patrick , Sadler Diego , Moudgil Rohit
Published: November 2024

Aims

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are the cornerstone of modern oncology; however, side effects such as ICI‐related myocarditis (irM) can be fatal. Recently, Bonaca proposed criteria for irM; however, it is unknown if they correlate well with cardiovascular (CV) ICI‐related adverse events. Additionally, whether incident irM portends worse long‐term CV outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to determine the incidence of long‐term CV comorbidities and CV mortality among irM patients.

Patients and methods

The ICI‐related adverse event (irAE) registry was queried to identify irM patients by using Bonaca criteria. Random controls were selected after excluding patients with other concomitant irAEs. Patients' demographics, comorbidities and myocarditis presenting features were gathered. Outcomes included 2‐year freedom from CV comorbidities (composite of atrial fibrillation, stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure) and freedom from CV death. IrM was treated as a time‐varying covariate.

Results

Seventy‐six patients developed irM at a median of 167 days (mean age 69, 63.2% male, 47% lung cancer). Majority of patients had new wall motion abnormalities or EKG changes on presentation. Mean LVEF was 43%, median peak TnT was 0.81, and median NTproBNP was 2057 at irM onset. Two‐year freedom from CV comorbidities (67% vs 86.8%, P < 0.001) and death (93.4% vs 99.3%, P = 0.003) was lower among irM patients. Incident irM was an independent predictor of CV death (HR 8.28, P = 0.048), but not CV comorbidities (HR 2.21, P = 0.080).

Conclusions

This is the largest case–control study on irM highlighting worse long‐term CV outcomes. Future studies are needed to establish appropriate therapeutic strategies and efficient screening strategies for irM survivors.
Dynamical Simulation for Long‐Time Relaxation From Metastable States: Quantitative Estimation of Coercive Field and Relaxation Time
Authors: Nishino Masamichi , Miyashita Seiji
Published: November 2024

The bistability of spin‐transition materials is the origin of their multifunctional properties. It causes hysteresis phenomena, i. e., relaxation from a metastable state, of the spin (electronic) state, magnetization, etc. The collapse of a strong metastable state is a long‐time relaxation phenomenon. To study such nonequilibrium dynamical phenomenon, time evolution dynamics analyses are important. However, it is difficult to estimate long‐time relaxation phenomena by studying time evolution dynamics simulations due to the limitation of the simulation time. Furthermore, because the relaxation occurs in a stochastic process, a wide distribution of the relaxation time has to be considered in the analysis of the relaxation. To overcome these difficulties, we recently developed two methods for the quantitative estimation of the relaxation time from a metastable magnetic state and of the coercive field. In the first method, the relaxation time and coercive field are estimated using the survival (unrelaxed) probability of the ensemble of systems at each field, which extends the limitation of the simulation time. In the second method, they are estimated from the field‐dependent free energy barrier obtained from the survival probability under a sweeping field. These methods are applicable to the estimation of the relaxation time and coercive field of any magnetic particles. In this paper, staring with the Stoner–Wohlfarth model, the difference in the characteristic features of the magnetization reversal dynamics between zero and finite temperatures is discussed. Then, the methods of quantitative estimation of the coercive field and relaxation time are presented. The estimation of them using a neodymium permanent magnet grain was demonstrated with the two methods, and the methodological features and the validity of the estimation were discussed. The present study has a common theme to general metastable states including spin transitions.
Mechanistic Insight Into the Release Kinetics of d‐Limonene From Electrosprayed Alyssum homolocarpum Seed Gum Nanoparticles at Simulated Mouth Conditions
Authors: Khoshakhlagh Khadije , Mohebbi Mohebbat , Koocheki Arash , Allafchian Alireza
Published: November 2024

The present study aimed at investigating and modelling the release behaviour of encapsulated d‐limonene from electrosprayed Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) nanoparticles. For this purpose, release profiles of d‐limonene from 10% or 20% loaded nanocapsules were obtained in deionised water and simulated mouth conditions by a spectrophotometric method. The experimental results showed that complete release takes ranging between 7 and 15 min, depending on the d‐limonene loading and type of release medium. A gradual increase in the flavour release rate over time without initial burst revealed there are several phenomena involved in the release process due to the hydrophilic nature of AHSG nanocapsules. Based on these findings, a mechanistic approach modelled flavour diffusion as a transport process of combined matrix swelling and erosion mechanisms. The model parameters were obtained via best fitting procedure applying simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The good correlation between the predicted and experimental results of d‐limonene release confirmed validation of the developed model. The simulation results showed that although matrix erosion contributes more than diffusion process in d‐limonene release from AHSG nanocapsules, the model describing the release mechanism as only governed by the erosion is not able to provide accurate predictions of flavour release as compared to the coupled model.
Different Plant Parts Induce Variances in the Production of Fennel Essential Oil
Authors: Khalid Khalid A.
Published: November 2024

Essential oil from fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is a useful source of natural raw materials due to its biological characteristics; therefore, it is used in the pharmaceutical and food preservation sectors. Plant parts have a major impact on the physiology, metabolism, synthesis and variability of essential oils. The aim of this investigation was to describe the essential oil composition of fennel, which was produced from leaves, umbels, verdant fruits and ripe fruits. It is clear that the highest levels of essential oil output (1.79% or 1.21 g plant−1) were produced by ripe fruits, afterwards, verdant fruits (0.79% or 0.30 g plant−1), then leaves or umbels (0.24% or 0.10 g plant−1). The principal constituents of fennel essential oil that were extracted from different portions were estragole (118.80–964.81 mg 100 g−1), limonene (128.02–681.99 mg 100 g−1), fenchone (8.16–30.43 mg 100 g−1) and γ‐terpinene (18.00–34.01 mg 100 g−1); while the majority belonged to the class of oxygenated monoterpenes (130.56–1016.72 mg 100 g−1). Essential oil obtained from ripe fruits resulted in the greatest values of major components and major chemical class. This study indicated that differences in fennel essential oil were caused by the subordination of fennel plants to plant parts, and hence, its biological activities were impacted.
Effect of Drying Time and Frying Conditions on the Quality of Pork Rinds by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wang Shang‐Ta , Lin Hong‐Ting Victor , Syu Yu‐Jin , Sung Wen‐Chieh
Published: November 2024

Fried pork rind, a processed pork by‐product, is popular as a snack globally, prized for its distinctive flavor and crisp texture achieved through frying. Although various studies have examined processing factors such as thickness, moisture content, and brine concentration, there is a scarcity of research addressing the effect of frying temperature on the quality of fried pork rinds. In the present study, the effects of varying hot air drying times (12, 18, and 24 h at 50°C), traditional deep‐fat frying temperatures (180°C, 195°C, and 210°C), and frying durations (3, 4, and 5 min) on the oil content, moisture content, breaking force, color, puffing ratio, and microstructural appearance of pork rinds were evaluated. The results revealed a significant correlation between frying temperature and time with the oil content of the pork rinds. The oil content and puffing ratio peaked at approximately 195°C. Moreover, the breaking force of the pork rinds decreased with increased frying time at 180°C, while the opposite trend was observed at 210°C.
Future Energy Breakthroughs: Implications for the Hydrocarbon Economies of the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Cochrane Logan , Mohannadi Dhabia Al , Shannak Sa'd , Wada Yoshihide , Eisa Esra Al , Hejazi Mohamad
Published: November 2024

Countries in the Arabian Gulf are reliant upon hydrocarbons for revenues, exports, industries and funding services. It is largely assumed that the global energy transition will be gradual, as reflected in planning and strategy documents. However, energy breakthroughs can change the global energy system. This Perspective article seeks to provoke a discussion about potential energy breakthroughs, the plausibility of their rapid expansion at scale, and the implications they may have for the hydrocarbon economies in the Arabian Gulf. Based upon feasibility, scalability, and adoption potential energy breakthroughs are outlined, their probability are assessed, and potential impacts on the hydrocarbon economics of the region are evaluated. The calls to actions are concluded with aim to support the region to be better prepared to track breakthroughs, and be proactively engaged to benefit from them. These include: 1) annual regional research‐policy interface meetings, 2) tailored research and development funding that fosters regional collaboration, 3) investment into breakthrough technologies and energy transition inputs, and 4) seeking synergy in economic diversification regionally to avoid duplication and counterproductive competition.
Navigating the Political Dangers of Critical Approaches to Sexual Violence Work
Authors: Hurtado Sarah Socorro
Published: November 2024

In the United States, the issue of sexual violence has become increasingly politicized, which poses challenges and dangers for those working toward addressing the root causes of inequity. In this piece, I use scholarly personal narrative to share two of my experiences with conducting work on sexual violence, and how doing so from critical perspectives led to experiences of institutional betrayal. I end the piece with several strategies for resistance.