bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of Diet and Behavior During Pandemic Situation According to Ayurveda
Authors: Sawarkar Gaurav , Sawarkar Punam
Published: April 2021

Ayurveda is the oldest science of health care, explaining both the perspectives, i.e., prevention and cure of diseases. The fundamental principles of Ayurveda explore life’s philosophy, including the entire cosmos having five significant elements (Akash, Vayu, Agni, Jala, and Prithvi) establishing the Prakruti, i.e., a unique combination of physiological and psychological characteristics in a human being. In Ayurveda, Ahara (Diet), and Vihar (Exercise/Movements), fundamental pillars are thoroughly explained according to a specific Prakruti, which denotes personalized medicine in the present era. Diet is the essential factor that comprises the five significant elements with six rasas (Sweet, Sour, Saline, Pungent, Bitter, Astringent). Each Rasa has its specific nutritional properties helpful for the maintenance of health. Moreover, it also prevents diseases and plays a vital role in the restoration of health from disease conditions. The appropriate diet plan is essential in the pandemic situation because the digestive power (Agni) becomes hampered due to faulty lifestyle and unwholesome food habits that result in vitiation of three bio-humors (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) in the body. According to Ayurveda’s basic principles, weakened digestive power is the main culprit for forming various diseases. Therefore, it is highly imperative to select a suitable diet and behavioral regimes during pandemic situations.
Applications of Ionic Liquids in Gas Chromatography
Authors: Gazal Umaima
Published: April 2021

The environment offers an enormous innovative panorama of prospects intended for the research of novel biodegradable diluents. Regular composites have been lately recycled to formulate the anionic and cationic fraction of RTIL. Numerous applications of ionic liquids have been explored in segregation discipline. Attributable to the extraordinary polarization as well as exceptional current steadiness, IL-centered immobile segments have been applied to resolution of varied series of critically stimulating complexes frequently extremely polar composites using great boiling points plus physical resemblances comprising elongated sequence fatty acids, essential oils, polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) and PCBs. IL-centered immobile segments facilitated the gas chromatography study for effective as well as precise amount of liquid in the industrialized yields for example pharmaceutical as well as petrochemicals complexes.
Effects of Pre-Slaughter Stress on Meat Characteristics and Consumer Experience
Authors: I. Cappellozza Bruno , S. Marques Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

The current concern regarding how animals are raised, which kind of feedstuffs were fed, and the management activities employed in the livestock segment system is increasing, primarily due to the public and/or customer opinion. Therefore, a positive pressure is being placed in the industry/production to be more effective in communicating these processes and to explain what indeed occurs during the animal’s productive life, from birth to slaughter. Hence, it is imperative to explain what type of situations animals face during their productive lives and how these might impact productive, health, and the quality of the final product sold at the supermarket. Additionally, it is important to understand that technologies have been developed that could mitigate some of these stress-related losses (health and productive), as well as to improve meat quality traits and overall customer eating experience.
Ocular Toxoplasmosis: An Update on Diagnosis, Multimodal Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Kamal Gerges Terese
Published: April 2021

Ocular toxoplasmosis remains to be the most common cause of infectious uveitis in immunocompetent individuals with highly variable prognosis. The transmission mode can be either congenital or acquired. A precise diagnosis of the disease is necessary to opt effective and rapid treatment. While ocular toxoplasmosis usually presents in the classic form, it may as well present in variable clinical spectrum. The diagnosis can be suspected by the ocular inflammatory clinical presentation as well as multimodal imaging. However, serologic tests including intraocular fluid testing may be needed. Treatment includes combination of systemic antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory drugs with variable effectivity. More recently, intravitreally antimicrobials may be used. The chapter aims to layout the different clinical presentations and complications of ocular toxoplasmosis. Diagnostic techniques and different antimicrobial combinations for treatment will also be discussed.
Use of an Evolution in Tecartherapy for Muscle Improvement and Treatment of Sports Injuries
Authors: Clemente Rodríguez Lastra Jesús , Piñero Mendez Ester
Published: April 2021

Radiofrequency assisted medical devices have evolved dramatically in the last two decades, such that a simple set of fairly basic tools has now become an extremely sophisticated option. Most importantly, a physician’s understanding of these devices can maximize treatment results. Diathermy, meaning “through heat,” consists in the application of short-wave electromagnetic energy. The factor that determines whether a diathermy machine will increase body temperature is the amount of energy absorbed by the tissue. The development of this device allows selecting the frequency to apply between 0.8 1 and 1.2 MHz; the application of high energy power, through several channels and increasing the treatment area, allows taking the radiofrequency to another level in rehabilitation sports medicine. RF is applied to the target area by a handpiece that delivers energy, while a grounding pad is placed elsewhere on the body for the energy to pass through. The entry of RF into the body at the site of contact with the active electrode leads to heating a volume of tissue. This ability to heat a volume of tissue in a non-invasive way produces the immediate contraction of collagen, and the delayed synthesis of collagen, by thermal induction fibroblasts, and the production of epithelial, vascular growth factors. RF has a firm, safe and increasingly popular place in the therapeutic arsenal of sports medicine.
Palindromic Rheumatism: Biology and Treatment Options
Authors: Noor Ayesha , Raza Ishaq Ali , Noor Fatima , Younis Tahira , Syed Abbas Afshan , Jalal Fatima , Samad Rahmawaty , Mumtaz Sara , Jabeen Faiza
Published: April 2021

Palindromic rheumatism is a syndrome characterized by recurrent, self-resolving, and inflammatory attacks in and around the joints that have long recognized association with rheumatoid arthritis. PR attacks mostly start in small joints i.e. knees, shoulder, and small joints of the hand. Whether PR should be considered as a single disease or prodrome of RA remains a thought-provoking question. Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of PR. Many studies have explained the relationship between a high concentration of Anti-CCP antibodies and PR. Potential benefits of Gold therapy have been recognized in literature but still, there are some questions about toxicity and efficacy that need further considerations. In addition to that anti-malarial drugs, Abatacept, Tofacitinib, and Rituximab showed the variable result in different patients and needed further study to validate their medical use. Moreover, yarrow, oat, colchicum, dill, fennel, wild rue, bitter melon, willow, garlic, and burdock seem suitable candidates to treat rheumatoid although their use in PR is still not reported. Additional experimental researches on these drugs lead to an increase in our knowledge to fight against PR in the future using novel therapeutic approaches. We have attempted to cover this topic in a chapter form to provide a comprehensive view and hope that it will serve as a reference for clinicians who treat patients with PR.
Recent Advances in Ceramic Materials for Dentistry
Authors: Mhadhbi Mohsen , Khlissa Faïçal , Bouzidi Chaker
Published: April 2021

Dental ceramics constitute a heterogeneous group of materials with desirable optical and mechanical proprieties combined with chemical stability. They are inorganic non-metallic materials used in several applications. These materials are biocompatible to tissue, highly esthetic, with satisfying resistance to tensile and shear stress. Over the past years, several developments in new ceramic materials in dental restoration were achieved, including processing techniques and high mechanical properties. Thus, concepts on the structure and strengthening mechanisms of dental ceramic materials are also discussed. The dental practitioner requires best knowledge concerning indications, limitations, and correct use of started materials. The purpose of this book chapter is to overview advances in new ceramic materials and processes, which are used in dentistry. The properties of these materials are also discussed.
Radioiodine for Graves’ Disease Therapy
Authors: Elliyanti Aisyah
Published: April 2021

Radioiodine-131 (RAI) is an isotope of the chemical element iodine and is commonly used for hyperthyroidism, including Graves’ disease. It is given orally, and its concentration in the thyroid gland. The RAI transport involves a natrium iodide symporter (NIS) role that brings two cations sodium (Na+) and one anion of iodide (I-) across the membrane. The process is facilitated by the enzyme Na+/K+ ATPase. RAI is a beta (β) and gamma (γ) particles emitter. β particle is used for therapy and γ particle for imaging (theranostic). β particle inhibits cell growth by inducing cell death through apoptosis or necrosis of some of the sufficient thyroid cells. The aim of RAI therapy in Graves’ disease is to control hyperthyroidism and render the patient hypothyroidism. It is easier to manage patients with hypothyroidism with levothyroxine and fewer complications. This review will focus on RAI’s therapeutic approach in Graves’ disease, including patient preparation, selecting activity dose, adverse events, contraindication, controversies issues such as malignancy and fertility, the follow-up to ensuring the patient remains euthyroid or need a replacement therapy if they become hypothyroidism. RAI therapy is safe as definitive therapy and cost-effective for Graves’ disease therapy.
The Management of Tax Risks in Mergers and Acquisitions - The Importance of Tax Due Diligence
Authors: Marques de Oliveira Neto Arnaldo
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate the importance of tax risk management in mergers and acquisitions processes by conducting an investigative work called due diligence. To achieve this objective, bibliographic and documentary research was used, as part of exploratory research. In topic 1 it is evidenced that the complexity of tax systems around the world has demanded increasing attention from companies to avoid undesirable cash disbursements for payment of infringement notices arising from questioning by tax authorities related to improper procedures of companies when paying taxes. Additionally, it has required them to be diligent in identifying lawful tax planning alternatives to optimize the tax burden on their operations. In topic 2 the responsibility of company administrators in the management of tax risks is exposed. Topic 3 explains the importance of accounting, tax and legal due diligence in merger and acquisition processes. Finally, topic 4 analyzes the main aspects of due diligence in the tax area. In view of all the exposed in this chapter, it will remain clear to readers the importance of the tax due diligence of the target company, as a way to minimize risks in the decision-making process of the managers of the purchasing company that may compromise the success of the merger and acquisition operation, as well as not subjecting them to administrative and judicial suits, for non-compliance with their fiduciary duties of diligence and loyalty in relation to the company of which they are executives. Additionally, the study’s results suggest that companies—in compliance with the guidelines and limits set by the board—choose the appropriate and specific techniques of risk management, especially those related to minimization, immunization, and transferring these risks. The recommendations derive from the need to identify and manage tax risks, from the point of view of good corporate governance practices. This study may serve as a reference to companies in general, when studying, developing, and implementing recommendations for the identification and minimization of tax risks, as well as in the development of a work program that allows them to conduct due diligence work in target companies.
Leading Wrist Injuries in a Golfing Population. Golf Swing Biomechanics a Significant Cause of Pathology
Authors: P. O’Brien Conor
Published: April 2021

Golf participation has increased significantly over the past 50 years. Injury rates have mirrored this increase with amateur and elite golfers suffering a similar injury incidence to rugby players. The upper limb is the second most common anatomical site of injury in this population. Wrist injury and specifically the ulnar side of the leading wrist is the most prevalent. Leading wrist injuries affect the tendons, fibrocartilage, bones and neural structures that are located on the ulnar side of the wrist and hand as well as the soft tissue aponeurosis and bony and ligamentous canals that traverse the wrist joint. The most commonly injured lateral wrist structure is the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris tendon. This is particularly liable to injury due to the forces placed on it during the golf swing. Other structures on the medial side of the leading wrist associated with golf related injury and pathology include Triangular Fibro-cartilage, the hamate bone, the bony canals through which the nerves travel, as well as the flexor aponeurosis and Flexor Carpi Ulnaris tendon. Risk injury to the medial aspect of the leading wrist is increased by the newer golfing theories and techniques which endeavour to create increase golf club head speeds by storing greater energy by a phenomenon called “lag”. Lag results in greater speed as the club head releases at impact but results in injury to the medial wrist anatomical structures. Swing biomechanics, and their alteration and augmentation are a major factor in medial wrist injury. Diagnosis of these pathologies requires careful history and examination, as well as the use of radiology and electrodiagnostic medicine to confirm the pathology and degree. Treatment is targeted to the specific disability. Classical treatments are mostly employed and usually involve rest and anti-inflammatory treatments. Newer therapies such as Platelet Rich Plasma injection and Deep Oscillation therapy have proven beneficial. Splinting is often employed on return to play. Early diagnosis and cessation of the offending activity often allays the need for surgery. The rhyme that “minutes to diagnosis means weeks to recovery” is particularly apt for medial wrist golf injuries. Surgery will be required in long standing or chronic cases. Return to play, unlike many sports injuries, will require careful golf biomechanical assessment and alteration in swing dynamics. The objective of this chapter is to identify how the new biomechanical manipulation of the wrist and specifically the leading wrist has resulted in increased injuries to this anatomical structure. The type of injury, diagnosis and treatment is discussed in detail. Club head speed is generated through a combination of improved golf club equipment, golf payer fitness and manipulation of the golf club by the left wrist resulting in increased golf club lag and torque which all contribute to wrist injuries.
21st Century Pedagogies and Citizenship Education: Enacting Elementary School Curriculum Using Critical Inquiry-Based Learning
Authors: Cleovoulou Yiola
Published: April 2021

How elementary teachers address citizenship is important in 21st century teaching and learning. Situating citizenship education within the varied global contexts of schooling and connecting content to pedagogical approach is a complex task. Even so, citizenship education can be the philosophical underpinning, or vision, for a teaching pedagogy that engages students in active, creative, and critical ways. This chapter illustrates key features and priorities for citizenship education by exploring the concepts of perspective taking, inquiry pedagogy and critical pedagogy and how they work together using the example of elementary school Social Studies in a Canadian context. Using examples from previous studies and narratives from elementary school teachers, this chapter includes portraits of classroom teachers’ work using a critical inquiry-based approach. The chapter illustrates how resources can be used in teachers’ planning to design learning that is nestled in citizenship education. Government curriculum documents as well as scholarly literature and teaching resources can support critical-inquiry for citizenship education. This teaching can lead to active, engaged citizens. There are many approaches to citizenship education; drawing awareness to perspectives and pedagogical possibilities is essential in teacher development. Teacher education is the ideal place for introducing and connecting foundations of education to best practice.
Sensor Surface Design with NanoMaterials: A New Platform in the Diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: A. Alvin Eliete , V.B. e Borges Anna , de P. Martins Rhéltheer , R. Lemes Marcela , M. Barbosa Rafaela , J.F. de Oliveira Carlo , Meneses Diógenes , G. Lucca Bruno , O. Dantas Noelio , R. Junior Virmondes , P.A. Balvedi Renata , C. de Abreu Fabiane , V. da Silva Marcos , C.A. Silva Anielle
Published: April 2021

Mass testing for COVID-19 is essential to defining patient management strategies, choosing the best clinical management, and dimensioning strategies for controlling viral dissemination and immunization strategies. Thus, it is of utmost importance to search for devices that allow a quick and reliable diagnosis of low cost that can be transposed from the bench to the bedside, such as biosensors. These devices can help choose the correct clinical management to minimize factors that lead to infected patients developing more severe diseases. The use of nanomaterials to modify biosensors’ surfaces to increase these devices’ sensitivity and their biofunctionality enables high-quality nanotechnological platforms. In addition to the diagnostic benefits, nanotechnological platforms that facilitate the monitoring of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may be the key to determining loss of protective immune response after an episode of COVID-19, which leads to a possible chance of reinfection, as well as how they can be used to assess and monitor the success of immunization strategies, which are beginning to be administered on a large scale and that the extent and duration of their protection will need to be determined. Therefore, in this chapter, we will cover nanomaterials’ use and their functionalities in the surface design of sensors, thus generating nanotechnological platforms in the various facets of the diagnosis of COVID-19.
E-Services Quality: A Perspective of Service Providers and Service Users
Authors: Hazeem AlBalushi Taiseera
Published: April 2021

Electronic service, refers to services offered over the information and communication technologies. These services are becoming increasingly important with continuously developed application in various domains (business, government, education and health) as these services provide benefits to all parties concerned from service providers, service users and the society. This chapter will shed light in e-services, definitions, components, and characteristics. As service providers want to boost the efficiency and quality to reach more users to utilize these services, a prime challenge in developing these services with high quality to meet users expectation becomes a must. Quality plays a major role to keep up a trust between service providers and users. Eight main quality dimensions are proposed as per the studies to examine the perspective of service providers and service users for government services (personalization, usability, performance, web design, security, user involvement, satisfaction and loyalty).
Geopolymers and Alkali-Activated Materials for Wastewater Treatment Applications and Valorization of Industrial Side Streams
Authors: Samarina Tatiana , Takaluoma Esther , Laatikainen Outi
Published: April 2021

The EU has the ambitious goal to transition from linear to circular economy. In circular economy, the old saying of “one’s waste is the other’s treasure” is being implemented. In this chapter, valorisation of industrial side streams, traditionally branded as waste, is discussed with respect to their applications as raw materials for new adsorptive products – geopolymers (GP) and alkali-activated materials (AAM) – as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. The chemical nature and structure of materials generally have great influence on GP/AAM adsorption capability. The approaches used for the raw materials preparation (chemical or physical) prior geopolymerization to increase the adsorption capacity of the final products will be discussed. Adsorption properties and performance of GPs/AAMs towards various contaminants are described, and the latest research on testing those materials as water remediation are reviewed. Special attention is paid to regeneration of exhausted materials and available resource recovery options that the regeneration approach opens. New forms of geopolymer adsorbent such as foams or core-shell structures are described and in the last part of the chapter, a short economic evaluation of resource recovery models is provided.
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of Wild Antheraea mylitta Silkworm Cocoons
Authors: Iqbal Ahamad Sayed , Neetha Kari , Kumar Vootla Shyam
Published: April 2021

The wild silkworm Antheraea mylitta is grown and cultivated in several parts of India ranging from Bihar to West Bengal and several parts of Telangana. The wild silkworm rearing has been a source of income for the tribal populations who rely on it as income source; the intervention of government agencies has increased the cultivation. Our research involves understanding the secondary metabolites in the silkworm Cocoons and elucidating how the pupa survives the harsh environment during pupal diapause of the insect. We have realized the role of insect repellent compounds and other metabolites and their interaction with the insect. Wild silkworm Cocoons are the specialized natural structures constructed by Antheraea mylitta silkworms. They are the protein composites of sericin and fibroin as a structural material. The silkworm cocoons are presumed to be evolved structures through the course of evolution over millions of years. This chapter focuses on Biophysical analysis of chemical compounds, proteins and other secondary metabolites traced in the Wild Antheraea mylitta Tasar cocoons which are predicted to be the key factors to achieve the unique structural and chemical barriers to protect the pupa within the cocoons.
Pre-treatment Effect of Kombucha Tea on Analgesia and Inflammation in Male Rat
Authors: Rabiei Zahra , Lorigooini Zahra , Firuzi Fatemeh , Rahimi-Madiseh Mohammad
Published: April 2021

Background: The use of natural compounds in relieving pain has been commonplace since ancient times and their use is currently increasing. Objectives: Given that analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Kombucha have not been studied, this study was designed to examine these effects in vitro. Methods: In this experimental study, rats were divided into four groups. The control group received normal saline i.p in the same amount of the drug. The other groups received Kombucha tea i.p at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. Tail-flick and acetic acid tests were used to evaluate the analgesic effects of Kombucha tea and the xylene-induced ear inflammation test to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Kombucha tea. Results: Kombucha tea at three doses 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of writhings in the acetic acid test. Kombucha tea at 1000 mg/kg significantly increased pain tolerance in the tail-flick test. Kombucha tea at 250 and 500 mg/kg could significantly reduce inflammation in the rat’s ear. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Kombucha has analgesic effects in rats and can be considered in future treatments.
Příspěvek k poznání vodních měkkýšů Jihlavy [A contribution to the knowledge of aquatic molluscs of the Jihlava River]
Authors: Beran Luboš
Published: April 2021

This paper presents results of a malacological survey of the middle and upper section of the Jihlava River, a tributary of the Dyje River (Czech Republic). Twenty-three species of aquatic molluscs (13 gastropods, 10 bivalves) were found at 35 sites during research realised mostly in 2017 and 2020. In comparison with the lower section of the Jihlava River, a significantly lower proportion of bivalves of the family Unionidae was found in the middle and upper sections.
First record of the genus Augilina Melichar, 1914 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Caliscelidae) from China, with descriptions of two new bamboo-feeding species
Authors: Gong Nian , Yang Lin , Chen Xiang-Sheng
Published: April 2021

The planthopper genus Augilina Melichar, 1914, is recorded in China for the first time. Two new species of the genus Augilina, A. tetraina Chen & Gong sp. nov. and A. triaina Chen & Gong sp. nov., are described and illustrated from South China. The genus now has a total of four described species. New generic characteristics are proposed and photographs of the new species are provided. A checklist and a key to the species of Augilina are also included.
Beyond the lab: Virtual reality for undergraduate Anatomy and Physiology students
Authors: Phillips Kathleen , Lynn Valerie A. , Yenser Amie , Wissinger Christina
Published: April 2021

Current teaching practice in undergraduate higher education anatomy and physiology courses incorporates the use of various instructional methodologies to reinforce the anatomical relationships between structures.1,2 These methods can include basic hands-on physical models, human and animal dissection labs, and interactive technology. Technological advances continue to drive the production of innovative anatomy and physiology electronic tools, including:virtual dissection in 3-D (e.g., Virtual Dissection Boards from Anatomage, 3D4Medical, and Anatomy.TV),augmented reality (AR) (e.g., Human Anatomy Atlas),mixed reality (e.g., Microsoft HoloLens Case Western Reserve Medical School and Cleveland Clinic digital anatomy app), and3-D virtual reality (VR) (e.g., 3D Organon VR Anatomy and YOU by Sharecare apps).
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: April 2021

1964 Freedom Summer ProjectData & SocietyEnslaved: Peoples of the Historical Slave Trade
From the Chair
Authors: Kellam Lynda
Published: April 2021

The following were the Chair’s remarks at the GODORT General Membership Meeting on January 14:Welcome GODORT members, guests, and hopefully some future members. My name is Lynda Kellam. I am the Chair of GODORT and in my daily life the Senior Data Librarian at the Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research. I begin this meeting by acknowledging that Cornell and Ithaca, NY are located on the indigenous lands of the Cayuga Nation and we recognize the indigenous peoples who have and continue to live here. I have a few prepared remarks and I know this might be unprecedented in GODORT, but I hope you will have patience with me as I believe this is necessary.
RIGHTS! Civil and Human Rights Law Portal
Authors: Hallett Dominique
Published: April 2021

On September 1, 2020, LLMC, a non-profit Minnesota-based consortium of law libraries, launched the open-access portal RIGHTS! (http://www.llmc.com/rights/home.aspx). If you are looking for primary materials such as current constitutions, human/civil rights acts, Non-Governmental Organizations’ websites, advocacy organizations, and other resources specifically dealing with injustices regarding marginalized parties, this is the place to look. Their stated mission is preserving legal titles and government documents, while making copies inexpensively available digitally through its on-line service, LLMC-Digital (http://www.llmc.com/about.aspx). The original intent was to focus on primarily US and Canadian sources, as seen by the dropdown navigation on the left of the site, but the site also includes other international sources. The page opens at the “Civil and Human Rights Law Portal—Global,” which includes links to various government organizations, judicial information, non-governmental organizations, research and education resources and various documents from different countries. The RIGHTS! site can also be reached through the parent page (http://LLMC.com) with the link to RIGHTS! Located in the right-hand column. The RIGHTS! Portal is sponsored by the Vincent C. Immel Law Library at Saint Louis University.
Numerical analysis of the mine blast action on an armored vehicle for different V-hull geometries
Authors: Glavšić Milica , Elek Predrag
Published: April 2021

The main objective of this research is to develop a numerical model of vehicle damage caused by an explosion of a mine, as well as to find the most favorable case of V-hull geometry and to point out a possible solution for mitigating the effects of mine explosion on an armored vehicle. Seven different V-hull geometries were considered and structure damage analysis was performed for all seven options. Also, the mass change for different geometries was analyzed. The effect of the mine explosion on the target structure was analyzed using the overpressure function according to the empirical CONWEP model, using Abaqus / Explicit software. An example of an explosion of 8 kg of Composition B acting on a vehicle with a total mass of 8000 kg was analyzed. The vehicle has two main parts - the cabin with mass of 6 t and a V-hull of mass of 2 t. The V-shaped hull in all the examples shown is made of 10 mm thick plates of Hardox 400 steel. The position of the explosive charge is the same for all geometry examples and is 0.6 m below the center of the vehicle. After analysis of the obtained results the most favorable V-hull geometry is determined. The guidelines for the further work and model improvement are suggested.
Hybrid filament-wound materials: Tensile characteristics of (aramide fiber/glass fiber)-epoxy resins composite and (carbon fibers/glass fiber)-epoxy resins composites
Authors: Radulović Jovan
Published: April 2021

In this paper a tensile characteristics of filament-wound glass fiber-aramid fiber/epoxy resins hybrid composites and glass fiber-two carbons fibers/epoxy resins hybrid composites are presented. Basic terms about hybride composite materials (origin, reasons for manufacturing, advantages, definitions, levels of hybridization, modes of classifications, types, categorization, and possible interactions between constituents) and used reinforcements and matrices are described. For a manufacturing of NOL rings four reinforcements (glass fiber, polyamide aromatic fiber and two carbon fibers) and two matrices (high and moderate temperature curing epoxy resin system) are used. Based on experimentally obtained results, it is concluded that hybride composite material consisting of carbon fiber T800 (67 % vol) and glass fiber GR600 (33 % vol) impregnated with epoxy resin system L20 has the highest both the tensile strength value and the specific tensile strength value. The two lowest values of both tensile strength and the specific tensile strength have hybrid material containing aramide fiber K49 (33 % vol) and glass fiber GR600 (67 % vol) and epoxy resin system 0164 and hybrid NOL ring with wound carbon fiber T300 (33 % vol) and glass fiber GR600 (67 % vol) impregnated with the same epoxy resin system. This investigation pointed out that increasing the volume content of aramide fiberK49, carbon fiber T300 and carbon fiber T800 in appropriate hybrid composites with glass fiber GR600 increases both the tensile strength value and the specific tensile strength value and decrease the density value, no matter the used epoxy resin system.
Essai de modélisation trialectique de la conversion religieuse
Authors: Bouguerra Ines
Published: April 2021

La conversion religieuse est considérée comme une forme du retour de la religion dans les sociétés séculières. Afin de comprendre cette métamorphose du paysage religieux, plusieurs disciplines se sont intéressées à l’étude des causes de la conversion religieuse. Pourvue d’appareils conceptuel et théorique, chaque discipline a apporté des éléments de connaissances qui ont contribué à la compréhension des causes de la conversion religieuse. Cependant, ces connaissances monodisciplinaires ont conduit à l’éclatement de cet objet de recherche. Cet article est donc une tentative de concilier les diverses lectures de la conversion religieuse. Tout d’abord, nous soulignons la dissémination des connaissances qui traitent des causes de la conversion religieuse. Ensuite, nous préparons le terrain pour une lecture interdisciplinaire en adoptant la théorie relationnelle. Enfin, nous échafaudons le décor d’une modélisation trialectique des liens de causalité de la conversion religieuse. Il s’agit d’une proposition qui a été soumise à l’épreuve de l’empirie dans le cadre d’un projet de doctorat afin d’en examiner la vitalité.
Réalités (in)visibles et vulnérabilités ambivalentes : dialogue autoethnographique autour d’un terrain de recherche auprès de femmes réfugiées au Liban
Authors: Richard Myriam , Caron Roxane
Published: April 2021

Cet article vise à effectuer un retour réflexif inspiré de la méthode de l’autoethnographie s’appuyant sur un dialogue à propos d’un terrain de recherche que ses deux autrices ont effectué conjointement au Liban auprès de femmes réfugiées syriennes. Il s’articule autour du questionnement central, à savoir : à quoi sert la recherche si elle n’est pas associée à un engagement à transformer les situations de vulnérabilités et de violences que vivent les personnes réfugiées ? Afin d’y répondre, les chercheures et autrices dévoilent deux récits personnels qui éclairent leurs motivations intrinsèques à s’impliquer sur le terrain libanais. Elles explorent ensuite trois thèmes ayant émergé de leur dialogue à propos : 1) des enjeux d’un terrain de recherche auprès de femmes qui sont encore en déplacement et dans l’urgence ; 2) d’une remise en question de la notion de vulnérabilité en travail social ; 3) de l’engagement des chercheures à l’intersection des postures de recherche, d’intervention et de défense de droits. Elles jettent ainsi les bases d’un plaidoyer pour une recherche engagée qui permet la production de connaissances rigoureuses tout autant que la transformation sociale des enjeux que vivent les personnes réfugiées.
L'insertion professionnelle des jeunes : un concept historique, ambigu et sociétal
Authors: Verdier Éric , Vultur Mircea
Published: April 2021

Les concepts majeurs qu’on utilise aujourd’hui pour analyser la situation sur le marché du travail des diverses catégories de la main-d’œuvre sont souvent hérités de la période des Trente Glorieuses. C’est le cas du concept d’insertion professionnelle qui est devenu lui-même un objet de recherche que de nombreux travaux ont essayé de circonscrire et de définir de diverses manières. Les objectifs de cet article sont : a) de montrer le caractère historique du concept d’insertion professionnelle, b) d’analyser l’ambiguïté de ses définitions protéiformes, utilisées en grande partie par les chercheurs en fonction de leurs préoccupations spécifiques de recherche et c) de mettre en relief l’aspect sociétal de l’insertion professionnelle à partir d’un regard comparatif sur le contenu de ce concept et de son utilisation en France et au Québec. Cette démarche nous mènera à un questionnement plus large sur l’adéquation de ce concept à la réalité des parcours de formation et du monde du travail contemporains qui subissent des transformations profondes et rapides, nécessitant de nouvelles conceptualisations plus fines et plus rigoureuses.
Ligand sensing enhances bacterial flagellar motor output via stator recruitment
Authors: Naaz Farha , Agrawal Megha , Chakraborty Soumyadeep , Tirumkudulu Mahesh S , Venkatesh KV
Published: April 2021

It is well known that flagellated bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, sense chemicals in their environment by a chemoreceptor and relay the signals via a well-characterized signaling pathway to the flagellar motor. It is widely accepted that the signals change the rotation bias of the motor without influencing the motor speed. Here, we present results to the contrary and show that the bacteria is also capable of modulating motor speed on merely sensing a ligand. Step changes in concentration of non-metabolizable ligand cause temporary recruitment of stator units leading to a momentary increase in motor speeds. For metabolizable ligand, the combined effect of sensing and metabolism leads to higher motor speeds for longer durations. Experiments performed with mutant strains delineate the role of metabolism and sensing in the modulation of motor speed and show how speed changes along with changes in bias can significantly enhance response to changes in its environment.
Excitation of medium spiny neurons by ‘inhibitory’ ultrapotent chemogenetics via shifts in chloride reversal potential
Authors: Gantz Stephanie C , Ortiz Maria M , Belilos Andrew J , Moussawi Khaled
Published: April 2021

Ultrapotent chemogenetics, including the chloride-permeable inhibitory PSAM4-GlyR receptor, were recently proposed as a powerful strategy to selectively control neuronal activity in awake, behaving animals. We aimed to validate the inhibitory function of PSAM4-GlyR in dopamine D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) in the ventral striatum. Activation of PSAM4-GlyR with the uPSEM792 ligand enhanced rather than suppressed the activity of D1-MSNs in vivo as indicated by increased c-fos expression in D1-MSNs and in vitro as indicated by cell-attached recordings from D1-MSNs in mouse brain slices. Whole-cell recordings showed that activation of PSAM4-GlyR depolarized D1-MSNs, attenuated GABAergic inhibition, and shifted the reversal potential of PSAM4-GlyR current to more depolarized potentials, perpetuating the depolarizing effect of receptor activation. These data show that ‘inhibitory’ PSAM4-GlyR chemogenetics may activate certain cell types and highlight the pitfalls of utilizing chloride conductances to inhibit neurons.
Colistin kills bacteria by targeting lipopolysaccharide in the cytoplasmic membrane
Authors: Sabnis Akshay , Hagart Katheryn LH , Klöckner Anna , Becce Michele , Evans Lindsay E , Furniss R Christopher D , Mavridou Despoina AI , Murphy Ronan , Stevens Molly M , Davies Jane C , Larrouy-Maumus Gérald J , Clarke Thomas B , Edwards Andrew M
Published: April 2021

Colistin is an antibiotic of last resort, but has poor efficacy and resistance is a growing problem. Whilst it is well established that colistin disrupts the bacterial outer membrane (OM) by selectively targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS), it was unclear how this led to bacterial killing. We discovered that MCR-1 mediated colistin resistance in Escherichia coli is due to modified LPS at the cytoplasmic rather than OM. In doing so, we also demonstrated that colistin exerts bactericidal activity by targeting LPS in the cytoplasmic membrane (CM). We then exploited this information to devise a new therapeutic approach. Using the LPS transport inhibitor murepavadin, we were able to cause LPS accumulation in the CM of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which resulted in increased susceptibility to colistin in vitro and improved treatment efficacy in vivo. These findings reveal new insight into the mechanism by which colistin kills bacteria, providing the foundations for novel approaches to enhance therapeutic outcomes.
Assessment of activities of daily living in patients post COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Pizarro-Pennarolli Catalina , Sánchez-Rojas Carlos , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Vera-Uribe Roberto , Sanchez-Ramirez Diana C. , Vasconcello-Castillo Luis , Solís-Navarro Lilian , Rivera-Lillo Gonzalo
Published: April 2021

Background

Coronavirus disease has provoked much discussion since its first appearance. Despite it being widely studied all over the world, little is known about the impact of the disease on functional ability related to performing activities of daily living (ADL) in patients post COVID-19 infection.

Objectives

To understand the impact of COVID-19 on ADL performance of adult patients and to describe the common scales used to assess performance of ADL on patients post-COVID-19.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted. We included studies that applied a physical capacity test in COVID-19 patients, post-infection. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of the evidence.

Results

A total of 1,228 studies were included, after removing duplicates, 1,005 abstracts were screened and of those 983 were excluded. A final number of nine studies which met the eligibility criteria were included. The findings revealed worsening of physical function and ADL performance in all patients post COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion

All included studies found a reduction of ADL beyond the test or scale used, revealing a vital worsening of functional ability in ADL performance and consequently loss of independence in COVID-19 patients after the acute phase of infection. Functional ability status previous to COVID-19 is crucial for predicting the severity of the disease and mortality. Barthel Index and ADL score were the most used assessment tools across subjects with different intrinsic capacity and context levels.
Mesocarnivore landscape use along a gradient of urban, rural, and forest cover
Authors: Rodriguez Jordan T. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Levi Taal
Published: April 2021

Mesocarnivores fill a vital role in ecosystems through effects on community health and structure. Anthropogenic-altered landscapes can benefit some species and adversely affect others. For some carnivores, prey availability increases with urbanization, but landscape use can be complicated by interactions among carnivores as well as differing human tolerance of some species. We used camera traps to survey along a gradient of urban, rural, and forest cover to quantify how carnivore landscape use varies among guild members and determine if a species was a human exploiter, adapter, or avoider. Our study was conducted in and around Corvallis, Oregon from April 2018 to February 2019 (11,914 trap nights) using 47 camera trap locations on a gradient from urban to rural. Our focal species were bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), opossum (Didelphis virginiana), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). Raccoon and opossum were human exploiters with low use of forest cover and positive association with urban and rural developed areas likely due to human-derived resources as well as some refugia from larger predators. Coyote and gray fox were human adapters with high use of natural habitats while the effects of urbanization ranged from weak to indiscernible. Bobcat and striped skunk appeared to be human avoiders with negative relationship with urban cover and higher landscape use of forest cover. We conducted a diel temporal activity analysis and found mostly nocturnal activity within the guild, but more diurnal activity by larger-bodied predators compared to the smaller species. Although these species coexist as a community in human-dominated landscapes throughout much of North America, the effects of urbanization were not equal across species. Our results, especially for gray fox and striped skunk, are counter to research in other regions, suggesting that mesopredator use of urbanized landscapes can vary depending on the environmental conditions of the study area and management actions are likely to be most effective when decisions are based on locally derived data.
Serum β2-microglobulin may be a viral biomarker by analyzing children with upper respiratory tract infections and exanthem subitum: a retrospective study
Authors: Cai Xulong , Xu Qiaolan , Zhou Chenrong , Yin Tongjin , Zhou Li
Published: April 2021

Background

Due to the lack of effective and feasible viral biomarkers to distinguish viral infection from bacterial infection, children often receive unnecessary antibiotic treatment. To identify serum β2-microglobulin that distinguishes bacterial upper respiratory tract infection from viral upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum in children.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020 in Yancheng Third People’s Hospital. Children with upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum were recruited. The concentration of serum β2-microglobulin in the viral and bacterial infection groups were statistically analyzed.

Results

A total of 291 children included 36 with bacterial upper respiratory tract infection (median age, 13 months; 44.4% female), 197 with viral upper respiratory tract infection (median age, 12 months; 43.7% female) and 58 with exanthem subitum (median age, 13 months; 37.9% female). When the concentration of β2-microglobulin was 2.4mg/L, the sensitivity to distinguish viral from bacterial upper respiratory tract infection was 81.2% (95% CI [75.1–86.4%]), and the specificity was 80.6% (95% CI [64.0–91.8]%). When the cutoff was 2.91 mg/L, the sensitivity of β2-microglobulin to distinguish exanthem subitum from bacterial upper respiratory tract infection was 94.8% (95% CI [85.6–98.9]%), and the specificity was 100% (95% CI [90.3–100]%).

Conclusions

Serum β2-microglobulin may be a significant biological indicator in children with upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum.
Quality attributes and cooking properties of commercial Thai rice noodles
Authors: Kraithong Supaluck , Rawdkuen Saroat
Published: April 2021

One of the most popular and abundant traditional foods in Asian countries is dried rice noodles. In fact, the demand for this product has increased steadily around the world in recent years. The qualities of rice noodles are directly related to the specific preferences of consumers. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the properties of eight commercial dried rice noodles that are readily available in most Thai markets. The specific properties under investigation and comparison in this study were proximate composition, amylose content, color, pasting quality, cooking quality, texture, and sensory properties. The specimens were divided into two groups: white (A, B, C, D, and E) and colored rice noodles (F, G, and H). The results showed that the proximate composition, amylose content, and color of both white and colored rice noodles were significantly different (p < 0.05). The lowest cooking losses in white and colored rice noodles were 0.11% (B) and 2.03% (G) (p < 0.05), respectively. Higher values of pasting (setback and final viscosities) and texture properties (tensile strength and extensibility) provided higher overall acceptability. The highest scores for acceptability of white and colored rice noodles were 7.00 (B) and 5.87 (H) (p < 0.05), respectively.