bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A traffic hotline discovery method over cloud of things using big taxi GPS data
Authors: Xu Xiaolong , Dou Wanchun , Zhang Xuyun , Hu Chunhua , Chen Jinjun
Published: June 2016

Traffic hotline discovery is necessary for rational and scientific urban transportation planning in the new living quarters and economic zones. Cloud of Things (CoT) is a newly emerging concept, involving with two advanced technologies, that is, Cloud Computing and Internet of Things (IoT). CoT provides promising opportunities for traffic hotline discovery. However, it is still a challenge to discover the traffic hotlines over CoT. In view of this challenge, a hotline discovery method over CoT by using big taxi GPS data is proposed in this paper. Specifically, a traffic hotline discovery principle is presented to provide a reference standard for the generalized traffic spots that need planning, and a corresponding hotline discovery method is proposed for traffic hotspot identification and hotline selection. To improve the scalability and efficiency of the proposed method in “Big Data” environment, the SAP HANA cloud is applied to implement the proposed method under two application scenarios. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is both effective and efficient. Software—Practice and Experience. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sicherheitsuntersuchungen eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks
Authors: Sobek Werner , Binz Hansgeorg , Flaig Christine , Crostack Alexander , Herrmann Thorsten , Haase Walter , Roth Daniel
Published: June 2016

Aktive Komponenten sind im Bauwesen bislang kein Bestandteil von Sicherheitskonzepten. Zur Realisierung ultraleichter Strukturen sind aktive Komponenten jedoch unerlässlich. In das Sicherheitskonzept des Ultraleichtbaus müssen deshalb spezielle Aspekte wie Ausfallsicherheit und Notbetrieb aufgenommen werden. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Bedeutung aktiver Komponenten am Beispiel eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks. Dieses wurde von der durch die DFG geförderten Forschergruppe 981 entwickelt. Der Artikel widmet sich hierbei insbesondere der Frage, ob und wie sich bestehende Sicherheitskonzepte aus anderen Disziplinen an die Anforderungen des Ultraleichtbaus anpassen lassen. Hierzu werden die Methoden Fehlerbaumanalyse (FTA) sowie Fehlermöglichkeits‐ und –einflussanalyse (FMEA) vorgestellt. Der erste Teil dieses Aufsatzes erschien in Ausgabe 3/2016. Er widmet sich den theoretischen Inhalten der Sicherheitsuntersuchungen und beschreibt den von der Forschergruppe 981 entwickelten Demonstrator inklusive der neuartigen Konstruktionselemente. Der hier vorliegende zweite Teil des Aufsatzes stellt die praktische Umsetzung der im ersten Teil entwickelten theoretischen Erkenntnisse vor.

Safety investigations of an adaptive shell structure – Part 2: Usage of the fault tree analysis and the failure mode and effects analysis. Until now, safety concepts of the construction industry do not consider the use of active components. However, such components are an essential part of ultralightweight structures. Therefore, special aspects of active components, such as safeguarding against failure and emergency operation mode, have to be included in the safety concept of ultralightweight structures. The present article describes the use of active components using the example of an adaptive shell structure. This shell structure was developed by research unit 981, a research unit funded by DFG (German Research Foundation). The article also proposes an adaptation of existing safety concepts by using approaches from other disciplines. Furthermore, the methods fault tree analysis (FTA) and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) are presented. Part 1 of the paper (published in issue 3/2016) describes theoretical investigations on safety concepts, the adaptive shell structure and the design elements, developed in the framework of the research unit. Part 2 (published in this issue) will provide the results of a practical application of the methods described in the first part.
Die Stahlkonstruktion des 500‐m‐Radioteleskops FAST
Authors: Kärcher Hans Jürgen , Li Hui , Nan Rendong
Published: June 2016

Im Süden Chinas entsteht zurzeit das “Five‐hundred‐meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope”, abgekürzt FAST, das mit seinen 500 m Durchmesser weltweit das größte Einzelteleskop sein wird. Das Teleskop dient der Radioastronomie und soll helfen, neue Erkenntnisse über die Struktur der Galaxien, aber auch über die dunkle Energie und die dunkle Materie zu gewinnen – Themen, die derzeit in der astronomischen Community heiß diskutiert werden. Als Standort wurde ein Tal in den Karstbergen der Provinz Guizhou ausgewählt, das schon in etwa die Form der feststehenden Reflektorschüssel hatte. Die Reflektorfläche besteht aus dreieckigen Segmenten von etwa 11 m Seitenlänge, die auf einem Seilnetz befestigt sind. Je nach gewünschter Beobachtungsrichtung kann das Seilnetz über motorische Zugglieder in seiner Parabolform angepasst werden. In der Mitte der Schüssel, im Fokus des Parabols hängt die Empfängerkabine, die über Seilwinden beim Beobachten der Himmelsdrehung nachgeführt wird. Der Aufsatz beschreibt den Entwurf und die Herstellung des Hauptreflektors, der Aufhängung und Nachführung der Fokuskabine und die zugehörigen Stahlstrukturen, die das Ganze zusammenhalten.

The Steel Construction of the 500m Radiotelescope FAST. China is building at this time in the southern province of Guizhou the “Five‐hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope” FAST. It will be with its 500m diameter the largest single dish radio telescope in the world. The telescope will serve for latest state of the art astronomy, focused on the investigation of the structure of galaxies, and searching for dark energy and dark matter – issues heavily discussed in the international astronomical community. The telescope is located in a valley of a Karst region, which had by nature nearly the shape of the reflector bowl. The reflector surface consists of triangular segments of about 11 m size, which are supported by a cable net. The surface can be shaped to a paraboloid by motorized jacks in direction of the object observed on the sky. The radio receivers are located in a cabin of about 13 m size which is hanging on six ropes supported on towers outside the reflector. The receiver cabin has to be in the focus area of the actual reflector paraboloid, which is achieved be six capstan type drives at the foot of the towers. The article describes the design and construction of the reflector and the construction of the receiver cabin suspension system including the steel structure which holds everything together.
Chemical composition and physical properties of sorghum flour prepared from different sorghum hybrids grown in Argentina
Authors: Palavecino Pablo Martín , Penci María Cecilia , Calderón‐Domínguez Georgina , Ribotta Pablo Daniel
Published: June 2016

This work analyzed the physical, chemical, and thermal properties of sorghum flour and the relationships among these, in order to evaluate its suitability for the development of food products. Sorghum flour was obtained through roller dry milling from 20 commercial hybrids grown in Argentina with the average chemical composition of the samples being: 0.68% ash, 3.67% fat, 12.21% protein, 83.45% total carbohydrates, 79.77% starch (amylose 26.6%), and 34.9 mg of tannic acid per 100 g of flour. A high degree of variability among evaluated properties was found, particularly in the pasting properties peak viscosity (2809–5184 mPa/s), breakdown (1169–3170 mPa/s), and final viscosity (3030–4401 mPa/s) with onset temperature (To) and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) varying between 66.8 and 72.6°C, and 5.38 and 8.48 J/g, respectively. A principal component analysis demonstrated that the grain color did not influence the chemical composition of the flour. Cluster analysis permitted the separation of flour into three different groups with different thermal and physicochemical characteristics, and enabled the selection of hybrids. Thus, sorghum flour is a versatile ingredient and can be used in several food and non‐food applications.
Hybrid Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers for Controlled Chemotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Li Menghuan , Luo Zhong , Zhao Yanli
Published: June 2016

Rapid developments in materials science and biological mechanisms have greatly boosted the research discoveries of new drug delivery systems. In the past few decades, hundreds of nanoparticle‐based drug carriers have been reported almost on a daily basis, in which new materials, structures, and mechanisms are proposed and evaluated. Standing out among the drug carriers, the hybrid nanoparticle systems offer a great opportunity for the optimization and improvement of conventional chemotherapy. By combining several features of functional components, these hybrid nanoparticles have shown excellent promises of improved biosafety, biocompatibility, multifunctionality, biodegradability, and so forth. In this Personal Account, we highlight the recent research advances of some representative hybrid nanoparticles as drug delivery systems and discuss their design strategies and responsive mechanisms for controlled drug delivery.
Excitation and steam‐valving coordinated robust controller design for multi‐machine power systems based on the multi‐index nonlinear robust control approach
Authors: Li Xiaocong , Chen Mingyuan , Liang Zhijian , Cong Lanmei , Xu Junhua
Published: June 2016

This paper proposes a novel multi‐index nonlinear robust control (MNRC) approach for multi‐machine power systems. The MNRC approach combines multi‐index nonlinear control with the control theory. With the multi‐index nonlinear control, which selects the output functions as arithmetic combination of state variables, multiple performance indices of the controlled system can be achieved simultaneously in the nonlinear control framework. The control is able to ensure that the system possess the desired robust performance during disturbance. Then, excitation and steam‐valving coordinated robust controllers are developed based on the MNRC approach for multi‐machine power systems. The effectiveness of the proposed robust controller is evaluated by a six‐machine power system simulation. Simulation results show that the expected dynamic and steady‐state performances of power system can be achieved with the MNRC approach. Meanwhile, it is able to achieve the prescribed system performance despite the presence of disturbances. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Up Close and Personal: A Case Study of Three University‐Level Second Language Learners’ Vocabulary Learning Experiences
Authors: Cornell Rebecca , Dean Julie , Tomaš Zuzana
Published: June 2016

This study examines vocabulary‐learning experiences of three advanced‐level, university English as a second language (ESL) students. Through a case study approach, the researchers explore these second language learners’ experiences with completing vocabulary‐specific requirements for their ESL courses, focusing on their independent study outside of class. The main identified themes in this research shed light on these students’ thoughtful use of vocabulary learning strategies, namely their reliance on translation and memorization, their integrative use of technologies during preparation for vocabulary assessments, and their time and task management strategies relevant to vocabulary learning. The research indicates that these learners were aware of the strengths and limitations of their strategies and used them in nuanced ways to not only meet course requirements but to continue their own independent learning goals that extended beyond the immediate semester. The article concludes with insights that can assist ESL teachers in facilitating vocabulary learning with their English language learners, particularly those who are preparing for university.
Teaching EFL Writing: An Approach Based on the Learner's Context Model
Authors: Lin Zheng
Published: June 2016

This study aims to examine qualitatively a new approach to teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) writing based on the learner's context model. It investigates the context model–based approach in class and identifies key characteristics of the approach delivered through a four‐phase teaching and learning cycle. The model collects research data through recorded classroom teaching, teacher‐researcher's memos, learner reflections, and learners’ independent EFL writing, and analyses the data using grounded and a priori approaches. The study shows that this teaching approach helps learners develop and apply their context model through proactively configuring its four component elements to plan EFL writing, purposefully organising textual presentation to conform to the intended norm, and appropriately managing discursive practice and cross‐cultural norms to maintain a proper relationship with the intended reader.
Verformungsverhalten nanostrukturierter HPPMS‐Hartstoffschichten
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Brögelmann Tobias , Kruppe Nathan C. , Arghavani Mostafa
Published: June 2016

Die nitridischen Hartstoffbeschichtungen hergestellt mittels HPPMS (High Power Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering)‐ oder HiPIMS (High Power Impulse Mag‐netron Sputtering)‐Verfahren finden aufgrund ihrer hervorragenden Verschleiß‐ und Korrosionsbeständigkeit unter anspruchsvollen Bedingungen ein breites Anwendungsfeld in tribologischen Anwendungen. Im Einsatz können erhebliche mechanische Beanspruchungen auf die beschichteten Werkzeuge oder Bauteile ausgeübt werden. Daher ist das Verformungsverhalten der Beschichtungen unter mechanischen Belastungen für die Anwendung entscheidend. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Verformungsverhalten von nitridischen Hartstoffbeschichtungen im System M‐Al‐O‐N (M = Cr, V) umfassend mittels Nanoindentation und Nanoscratchtests zu erforschen. Dabei wurden sowohl nanoskalige Multilayer‐Schichtsysteme (Nanolaminate) als auch einlagige Beschichtungen im HPPMS‐Verfahren hergestellt und untersucht. Entgegen den Erwartungen an das spröde Werkstoffverhalten keramikartiger Beschichtungen weisen die Ergebnisse auf ein ausgeprägtes plastisches Verformungsverhalten der untersuchten Hartstoffbeschichtungen hin. Des Weiteren zeigen die eingesetzten Schichtsysteme neben einer hohen Festigkeit auch eine signifikante Rissbeständigkeit unter mechanischen Beanspruchungen.
Physiological, pathological, and engineered cell identity reprogramming in the central nervous system
Authors: Smith Derek K. , Wang Lei‐Lei , Zhang Chun‐Li
Published: June 2016

Multipotent neural stem cells persist in restricted regions of the adult mammalian central nervous system. These proliferative cells differentiate into diverse neuron subtypes to maintain neural homeostasis. This endogenous process can be reprogrammed as a compensatory response to physiological cues, traumatic injury, and neurodegeneration. In addition to innate neurogenesis, recent research has demonstrated that new neurons can be engineered via cell identity reprogramming in non‐neurogenic regions of the adult central nervous system. A comprehensive understanding of these reprogramming mechanisms will be essential to the development of therapeutic neural regeneration strategies that aim to improve functional recovery after injury and neurodegeneration. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:499–517. doi: 10.1002/wdev.234

This article is categorized under:

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Environmental Control of Stem Cells
Cytomegalovirus enteritis in immunocompetent patients: Report of two cases diagnosed using single‐balloon enteroscopy
Authors: Hsieh Cheng‐Lin , Tu Chia‐Hung , Tsai Min‐Horn , Liang Cher‐Wei , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Tseng Ping‐Huei
Published: June 2016

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the gastrointestinal tract involves mostly the colon and rectum and mainly develops in immunocompromised patients. CMV infection in the small intestines has rarely been reported in immunocompetent patients. We report two cases of CMV enteritis that developed in immunocompetent patients and involved the ileum and jejunum, respectively. Both of them were diagnosed with single‐balloon enteroscopy (SBE) and further confirmed with histopathology. The first case is a 71‐year‐old woman with a presentation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and severe anemia. Neither esophagogastroduodenoscopy nor colonoscopy identified any active bleeding. SBE and biopsy disclosed multiple scattered ulcers in the distal ileum and histopathology confirmed CMV ileitis. The hemorrhage subsided after conservative medical treatment. The second case is a 59‐year‐old woman with a presentation of progressive abdominal pain. SBE showed diffuse irregularly‐shaped ulcers located from the upper to middle jejunum, and CMV jejunitis was confirmed with endoscopic biopsy and histopathological examination. Antiviral therapy was prescribed and her abdominal pain improved gradually. We discuss the clinical manifestations and management strategies of CMV infection that develops in the small intestines of immunocompetent patients. In addition, we highlight the endoscopic characteristics of CMV enteritis and the clinical utilities of SBE in the evaluation of patients with suspected CMV infection of the small intestines.
Interoception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A review
Authors: DuBois Denise , Ameis Stephanie H. , Lai Meng‐Chuan , Casanova Manuel F. , Desarkar Pushpal
Published: June 2016

Purpose

This review article summarizes original scientific research published to date on interoception in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Sensory processing has been shown to be atypical in ASD, yet physiological processing and subjective experience of internal sensation processing, namely interoception, has not been reported sufficiently in research or clinical settings.

Background

There is a small but growing body of scientific research on interoception in ASD, which is relevant to understanding the behavioral and cognitive characteristics inherent in this condition, and may provide a foundation for clinical interventions such as biofeedback, pain management, and brain stimulation techniques.

Methods

A literature review of original research was performed using major scientific databases.

Results

Interoception, which occurs due to multisensory connections and integration of internal afferents in cortical and subcortical areas, is atypical in ASD, but the degree and directionality of this abnormality is not yet clear due to the heterogeneity of the condition. Between‐group interoceptive differences in individuals with and without ASD have been repeatedly demonstrated, with a slight tendency towards hyporeactivity in interoceptive awareness in individuals with ASD.

Significance

Multidimensional research combining neuroimaging with psychophysiological and self‐report measures guided by a clear theoretical model is necessary to understand how interoceptive differences link to the behavioral and cognitive characteristics of ASD. Sensory processing models and autism theory should also be updated to incorporate these recent findings.
The impact of joint partner decision making on obstetric choices and outcomes among Malawian women
Authors: Rao Nisha , Esber Allahna , Turner Abigail , Chilewani Joseph , Banda Venson , Norris Alison
Published: June 2016

Objective

To determine the effects of joint partner decision making on obstetric choices and outcomes in Malawi.

Methods

Between July 15, 2014 and February 25, 2015, interviews were performed with women who reported at least one lifetime pregnancy in Lilongwe District, Malawi as part of a cross‐sectional study of reproductive decision making. Logistic regression models were applied to examine associations of joint decision making with delivery location and obstetric complications.

Results

The study population included 860 women. Women who engaged in joint decision making with partners (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3–7.2) and women whose partners made obstetric‐care decisions alone (aOR 3.2; 95% CI 2.4–4.4) were more likely to undergo delivery at a healthcare facility compared with women who made obstetric‐care decisions individually. In comparison with women who made obstetric decisions individually, no difference in the likelihood of experiencing obstetric complications was observed for women who engaged in joint decision making (aOR 1.1; 95% CI 0.7–1.7) or for women whose partners made decisions individually (aOR 0.8; 95% CI 0.5–1.3).

Conclusion

In rural Malawi, partner involvement in obstetric decision making was associated with improved obstetric choices.
Interaction of turbulence with the leading-edge stagnation point of a thin aerofoil
Authors: Ayton Lorna J. , Peake N.
Published: June 2016

An asymptotic model is constructed to analyse the interaction of turbulence generated far upstream with a thin elliptic-nosed solid body in uniform flow. The leading-edge stagnation point causes significant deformation of incident vorticity, and hence our analysis focuses on the region of size scaling with the nose radius close to the stagnation point. Rapid distortion theory is used to separate the flow field generated by a single unsteady gust perturbation into a convective non-acoustic part, containing the evolution of the upstream vortical disturbance, and an acoustic part generated by the interaction of the vorticity with the solid surface, as is typical in gust–aerofoil interaction theory. Using single-frequency gust response solutions, along with a von Kármán energy spectrum, we find the turbulent pressure spectrum generated by homogeneous isotropic turbulence incident from far upstream. Both high- and low-frequency gusts are considered to allow approximations to be found for the turbulent pressure spectra close to the leading edge, and far from the body close to the incident stagnation streamline. Good agreement is shown between the asymptotic results for the near- and far-field leading-edge turbulent pressure spectra and recent experimental findings.
Bacterial communities associated with invasive populations of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China
Authors: Liu L.J. , Martinez-Sañudo I. , Mazzon L. , Prabhakar C.S. , Girolami V. , Deng Y.L. , Dai Y. , Li Z.H.
Published: June 2016

The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a destructive insect pest of a wide range of fruits and vegetables. This pest is an invasive species and is currently distributed in some provinces of China. To recover the symbiotic bacteria of B. dorsalis from different invasion regions in China, we researched the bacterial diversity of this fruit fly among one laboratory colony (Guangdong, China) and 15 wild populations (14 sites in China and one site in Thailand) using DNA-based approaches. The construction of 16S rRNA gene libraries allowed the identification of 24 operational taxonomic units of associated bacteria at the 3% distance level, and these were affiliated with 3 phyla, 5 families, and 13 genera. The higher bacterial diversity was recovered in wild populations compared with the laboratory colony and in samples from early term invasion regions compared with samples from late term invasion regions. Moreover, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Providencia sp. were two of the most frequently recovered bacteria, present in flies collected from three different regions in China where B. dorsalis is invasive. This study for the first time provides a systemic investigation of the symbiotic bacteria of B. dorsalis from different invasion regions in China.
Andean shortening, inversion and exhumation associated with thin- and thick-skinned deformation in southern Peru
Authors: PEREZ NICHOLAS D. , HORTON BRIAN K. , McQUARRIE NADINE , STÜBNER KONSTANZE , EHLERS TODD A.
Published: June 2016

A balanced cross-section spanning the Eastern Cordillera and Subandean Zone of southern Peru (13–15°S) constrains ~130 km (38%) of Cenozoic orogen-normal SW–NE Andean deformation accommodated by thick- and thin-skinned retro–arc fold–thrust belt shortening that overprinted pre-Andean Triassic normal faults. Zircon and apatite (U–Th)/He ages demonstrate continuous Oligocene to Miocene cooling of the Permo-Triassic Coasa pluton in the Eastern Cordillera. Zircon (U–Th)/He ages (~34–18 Ma) are reset and define a steep age versus elevation relationship. Apatite (U–Th)/He results reveal reset ages that define two spatially separated groups with ages of ~30–26 Ma and ~17–11 Ma. Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronologic results from Cretaceous–Cenozoic siliciclastic rocks from the Altiplano/Eastern Cordillera record Andean fold–thrust belt and magmatic-arc sediment sources. Correlative Subandean Zone rocks preserve a cratonic sediment contribution, with minor Andean sediment appearing in some Cenozoic rocks. We propose that earliest Andean deformation and structural compartmentalization of the Eastern Cordillera was linked to selective inversion of inherited Permo-Triassic basement-involved normal faults that guided subsequent thick- and thin-skinned deformation. Provenance variations between the hinterland and foreland depocentres reveal competing eastern and western sediment sources, reflecting an axial zone in the Eastern Cordillera that coincided with the inherited Triassic graben and impeded sediment source mixing. Our zircon and apatite (U–Th)/He ages are consistent with published constraints along strike and support pulses of Eocene to late Miocene exhumation that were likely driven by normal fault reactivation and protracted Eastern Cordillera deformation.
Reservoir computing and the Sooner-is-Better bottleneck
Authors: Frank Stefan L. , Fitz Hartmut
Published: June 2016

Prior language input is not lost but integrated with the current input. This principle is demonstrated by “reservoir computing”: Untrained recurrent neural networks project input sequences onto a random point in high-dimensional state space. Earlier inputs can be retrieved from this projection, albeit less reliably so as more input is received. The bottleneck is therefore not “Now-or-Never” but “Sooner-is-Better.”
Barbary Coast in the expansion of international society: Piracy, privateering, and corsairing as primary institutions
Authors: Colás Alejandro
Published: June 2016

From the ‘long’ sixteenth century the Ottoman regencies of North Africa operated as major centres of piracy and privateering across the Mediterranean Sea. Though deemed by emerging European powers to be an expression of the ‘barbarian’ status of Muslim and Ottoman rulers and peoples, piracy, and corsairing in fact played a major role in the development of the ‘primary’ or ‘master’ institutions of international society such as sovereignty, war, or international law. Far from representing a ‘barbarian’ challenge to the European ‘standard of civilization’, piracy and privateering in the modern Mediterranean acted as contradictory vehicles in the affirmation of that very standard.

This article explores how Barbary piracy, privateering, and corsairing acted as ‘derivative’ primary institutions of international society. Drawing on recent ‘revisionist’ accounts of the expansion of international society, it argues that piracy and corsairing simultaneously contributed to the construction of law and sovereignty across the Mediterranean littoral whilst also prompting successive wars and treaties aimed at outlawing such practices. The cumulative effect of these complex historical experiences indicates that primary institutions of international society owe much more to ‘barbarism’ and ‘illegality’, an indeed to international stratification uneven development, than is commonly acknowledged.
“IT IS HIS IMAGE WITH PULQUE”: DRINKS, GIFTS, AND POLITICAL NETWORKING IN CLASSIC MAYA TEXTS AND IMAGES
Authors: Tokovinine Alexandre
Published: June 2016

Despite a widespread notion that feasting played a major role in the workings of Classic Maya polities, the very concept of feasting in the context of its textual and visual representations remains poorly defined and understood. The present paper reviews the ancient narratives in order to present a more nuanced interpretation of the consumption and display of exquisite food and drinks at the courts of Maya lords and nobles. It also considers some tangible evidence of the sociopolitical networks created through feasting by looking at the spatial distributions of signed serving vessels which changed hands as gifts.
LITHIC ECONOMIES AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION AT LA LAGUNA, TLAXCALA
Authors: Walton David P. , Carballo David M.
Published: June 2016

Site-wide, assemblage-based lithic analyses help to elucidate community dynamics including variability in domestic economies, technological skill and decision making, exchange networks, and ritual practices. In this study we present the results of an analysis of over 36,000 lithic artifacts from the site of La Laguna, Tlaxcala. We compare Middle to Late Formative period (ca. 600–400b.c.) and Terminal Formative period (ca. 100b.c.–a.d.150) deposits to examine transformations associated with urbanization and state formation during this interval. The residents of La Laguna had relatively equal and ample access to obsidian, and most production was organized independently by households. We identify blade production zones and variability in consumption patterns suggestive of different domestic, communal, and ceremonial activities. The introduction of bloodletters, elaborate large bifacial knives, and zoomorphic eccentrics to the Terminal Formative assemblage may indicate the emergence of higher statuses, new social roles, and militaristic symbolism during this period.
TECHNOLOGIES OF DOMINATION AT MISSION SAN BERNABÉ, PETÉN, GUATEMALA
Authors: Pugh Timothy W. , Miller Wolf Katherine , Freiwald Carolyn , Rice Prudence M.
Published: June 2016

The Spaniards established severalcongregacionesor missions in central Petén, Guatemala, shortly after the 1697 conquest of the region to help control local indigenous populations. Recent investigations at the church and community of Mission San Bernabé revealed details about the entangled relations of Mayas and Spaniards. Foucault's four technologies of domination help explicate these power relations as they were played out in the small settlement and the church at its center. Material culture differed in many ways from that of the pre-conquest Itzas, but was clearly predominantly “Maya.” Spanish-style goods and burial patterns were found as were hybrid ceramic wares, the Spanish-style artifacts most common in an elite residence, reflecting that Maya elite acted as brokers with the Spaniards. The occupants also incorporated Spanish domesticates into their diets. Some changes likely resulted from various ethnic groups residing in the same settlement, but others were the product of indigenous adaptations to the situation of contact. Nevertheless, it is clear that the mission anchored a number of strategies of domination that subdued the occupants of San Bernabé.
CHINAMPAAGRICULTURE, SURPLUS PRODUCTION, AND POLITICAL CHANGE AT XALTOCAN, MEXICO
Authors: Morehart Christopher T.
Published: June 2016

This article examines the productivity of agriculture at the Postclassic polity of Xaltocan, Mexico. Employing multiple lines of data (remote sensing, artifactual, ecofactual, chronological, demographic, historic, ethnographic, and environmental), it reconstructs the potential productivity of an integrated raised field,chinampasystem that surrounded the polity. This exercise reveals that the system was capable of producing a sizeable caloric surplus above the needs of the kingdom's estimated total population and the number of laborers necessary to maintain full production. To situate the processes related to agricultural production, the paper considers how farmers’ strategies were articulated with multiple institutions. Increased integration between political, social, and household institutions possibly fostered residents’ incorporation into the body politic and provided mechanisms to finance the political economy. Such integration and dependency fractured, however, when Xaltocan was conquered.
RETHINKING HUITZILOPOCHTLI'S CONQUEST: ELIZABETH M. BRUMFIEL, SOCIAL THEORY, AND THE AZTECS OF MEXICO
Authors: Nichols Deborah L.
Published: June 2016

Elizabeth M. Brumfiel began work in Aztec studies by tackling nothing less than the economic symbiotic model of Aztec exchange and specialization. Her findings at Huexotla and Xico questioned this model and in its place Brumfiel focused on the politics of exchange and strategies of both state power and commoner households. Her long-term archaeological project at Xaltocan built on and expanded those themes by applying social theories to understand Aztec society, and inequalities more generally, from a bottom-up agency perspective. These intellectual commitments also guided Brumfiel's engagement with community archaeology and her professional leadership.
VARIATION IN RESIDENTIAL PRISMATIC BLADE PRODUCTION AND STATUS DURING THE EARLY CLASSIC AT PALO ERRADO, VERACRUZ
Authors: Knight Charles L. F.
Published: June 2016

Intrasite variation in the production and consumption of obsidian prismatic blades is investigated at the Protoclassic to early Late Classic period site of Palo Errado in Veracruz, Mexico. There, the recovery of macrodebitage, as well as eraillure flakes, platform overhang flakes, and debitage with 90 degree angles between dorsal scars indicates that local blade production occurred at the site from imported marcocores and large polyhedral cores. In addition, detailed ceramic and obsidian data from excavated contexts demonstrate that the elite were involved in blade production and consumption, while the inhabitants of Mound 9, a non-elite, residential workshop locus, were specializing in prismatic blade production for exchange. At some point in the Early Classic period, the elite of the site undergo a significant change that intensifies their use of status markers, such as serving ware and personal adornment that corresponds to a decrease in elite blade production and an increase in blade consumption. However, no change in how blades are used by the elite is evident in this transition. While the vast majority of the obsidian artifacts recovered were made from Zaragoza-Oyameles obsidian, significant intrasite variation in minor sources, as well as the types of blades recovered and degree of edge wear suggests that the elite and nonelite participated independently in a variety of obsidian provisioning networks. In the case of the Mound 9 residents, the ceramic and obsidian assemblage suggests that their economic independence corresponded to a physical and ideological separation from the rest of the site. In general the production and consumption of obsidian does not suggest its use in a local political economy. Rather, the inhabitants of Palo Errado may have been exchanging and obtaining obsidian commodities within local and regional marketplaces.
Catatonia
Authors: Walther Sebastian , Strik Werner
Published: June 2016

One of the most exciting psychiatric conditions is the bizarre psychomotor syndrome called catatonia, which may present with a large number of different motor signs and even vegetative instability. Catatonia is potentially life threatening. The use of benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been efficient in the majority of patients. The rich clinical literature of the past has attempted to capture the nature of catatonia. But the lack of diagnostic clarity and operationalization has hampered research on catatonia for a long time. Within the last decades, it became clear that catatonia had to be separated from schizophrenia, which was finally accomplished in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). In DSM-5, catatonia syndrome may be diagnosed as a specifier to major mood disorders, psychotic disorders, general medical conditions, and as catatonia not otherwise specified. This allows diagnosing the syndrome in a large variety of psychiatric disorders. Currently, the pathobiology remains widely unknown. Suspected neurotransmitter systems include gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. Neuroimaging reports pointed to reduced resting state activity and reduced task activation in motor areas of the frontal and parietal cortex. The new classification of catatonia will foster more clinical research and neuroscientific approaches by testing catatonia in various populations and applying stringent criteria. The scarce number of prospective trials will hopefully increase, as more trials will be encouraged within a more precise concept of catatonia.
Taking It at “Face Value”: The Use of Face Processing Strategies in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia
Authors: Joshua Nicole , Van Rheenen Tamsyn E. , Castle David J , Rossell Susan L.
Published: June 2016

Objectives: Use of appropriate face processing strategies is important for facial emotion recognition, which is known to be impaired in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). There is preliminary evidence of abnormalities in the use of face processing strategies in the former, but there has been no explicit attempt to assess face processing in patients with BD. Methods: Twenty-eight BD I, 28 SZ, and 28 healthy control participants completed tasks assessing featural and configural face processing. The facial inversion effect was used as a proxy of second order configural face processing and compared to featural face processing performance (which is known to be relatively less affected by facial inversion). Results: Controls demonstrated the usual second-order inversion pattern. In the BD group, the absence of a second-order configural inversion effect in the presence of a disproportionate bias toward a featural inversion effect was evident. Despite reduced accuracy performance in the SZ group compared to controls, this group unexpectedly showed a normal second-order configural accuracy inversion pattern. This was in the context of a reverse inversion effect for response latency, suggesting a speed-versus-accuracy trade-off. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to explicitly examine and contrast face processing in BD and SZ. Our findings indicate a generalized impairment on face processing tasks in SZ, and the presence of a second-order configural face processing impairment in BD. It is possible that these face processing impairments represent a catalyst for the facial emotion recognition deficits that are commonly reported in the literature. (JINS, 2016, 22, 652–661)
Habitual Desire: On Kant’s Concept of Inclination
Authors: Wilson Eric Entrican
Published: June 2016

Tamar Schapiro has offered an important new ‘Kantian’ account of inclination and motivation, one that expands and refines Christine Korsgaard’s view. In this article I argue that Kant’s own view differs significantly from Schapiro’s. Above all, Kant thinks of inclinations as dispositions, not occurrent desires; and he does not believe that they stem directly from a non-rational source, as she argues. Schapiro’s ‘Kantian’ view rests on a much sharper distinction between the rational and non-rational parts of the soul. In the process of explaining these (and other) differences, I argue that Kant’s own view is in some respects philosophically superior to Schapiro’s.
The potential of planets orbiting red dwarf stars to support oxygenic photosynthesis and complex life
Authors: Gale Joseph , Wandel Amri
Published: June 2016

We review the latest findings on extra-solar planets and their potential of having environmental conditions that could support Earth-like life. Focusing on planets orbiting red dwarf (RD) stars, the most abundant stellar type in the Milky Way, we show that including RDs as potential life supporting host stars could increase the probability of finding biotic planets by a factor of up to a thousand, and reduce the estimate of the distance to our nearest biotic neighbour by up to 10. We argue that binary and multiple star systems need to be taken into account when discussing habitability and the abundance of biotic exoplanets, in particular RDs in such systems. Early considerations indicated that conditions on RD planets would be inimical to life, as their habitable zones would be so close to the host star as to make planets tidally locked. This was thought to cause an erratic climate and expose life forms to flares of ionizing radiation. Recent calculations show that these negative factors are less severe than originally thought. It has also been argued that the lesser photon energy of the radiation of the relatively cool RDs would not suffice for oxygenic photosynthesis (OP) and other related energy expending reactions. Numerous authors suggest that OP on RD planets may evolve to utilize photons in the infrared. We however argue, by analogy to the evolution of OP and the environmental physiology and distribution of land-based vegetation on Earth, that the evolutionary pressure to utilize infrared radiation would be small. This is because vegetation on RD planets could enjoy continuous illumination of moderate intensity, containing a significant component of photosynthetic 400–700 nm radiation. We conclude that conditions for OP could exist on RD planets and consequently the evolution of complex life might be possible. Furthermore, the huge number and the long lifetime of RDs make it more likely to find planets with photosynthesis and life around RDs than around Solar type stars.
Indefinite transits: mobility and confinement in the age of steam
Authors: Balachandran G.
Published: June 2016

The increased regulation of mobility that accompanied its late nineteenth-century expansion and acceleration is widely recognized. Regulatory practices reached out to distant shores and on board ships, heightening uncertainties and reshaping meanings of voyage and transit, especially for non-white passengers and crews. Travel and mobility are common themes in historical and other literatures. But less is known about experiences of uncertain or thwarted arrivals, involuntary departures, and indefinite transit resulting from practices governing steam-age mobility. People in transit illuminate the conditional openings and closures in such tropes as mobility, transit, and destination. Few spaces embodied and actualized ‘transit’ better than ships, and this article focuses on the role of ships as vessels of confinement. In equal parts about passengers and crews, it explores experiences of nominally free persons uncertainly afloat in a world marked otherwise by assured or accelerated oceanic mobility in three contexts that illustrate physical, political, and cultural constraints on maritime mobility in the age of steam. They are the 1914 voyage of the Komagata-maru, British merchant vessels employing Indian crews, and wartime subjection and resistance of Chinese crews on British and Dutch vessels.
Writing the on-board: Meiji Japan in transit and transition
Authors: Dusinberre Martin
Published: June 2016

This article uses the history of Japanese emigrants to Hawai‘i as a lens through which to examine Japan’s engagement with the outside world in the late nineteenth century. Focusing on a single journey from Yokohama to Honolulu in 1885, it reconstructs the transit of two migrant labourers as they entered an ‘in-between’ state – between regimes of labour, between freedom and coercion, and between local and national identities. These migrant experiences challenge the teleological discourse of Japanese ‘progress’ that was so popular among political elites across the world in the 1880s, and that was embodied by the very materiality of the ship in which the labourers travelled. But the ‘in-between’ also speaks to the historiographical need to fill the silences that exist between archives across the Pacific Ocean, and thus to the wider challenges of writing global history.
Serious Suicide Attempts
Authors: Levi-Belz Yossi , Beautrais Annette
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Background: Suicidal behavior comprises a diverse set of behaviors with significant differences among several behavioral categories. One noteworthy category includes individuals who have made serious suicide attempts, epidemiologically very similar to those completing suicide. This behavioral category is important, since interviewing survivors of a potentially lethal incident of self-harm enables a detailed investigation of the psychological process leading to the suicidal act. Aim: To achieve a consensus definition and operational criteria of serious suicide attempts. Method: We reviewed studies that included the term serious suicide attempt or related terms (e.g., highly lethal), with a focus on the variety of operational criteria employed across studies. Results: More than 60 papers addressing various types of serious suicide attempt were explored. We found a large variety of operational definitions, reflecting the lack of consensus regarding terminology and criteria related to the term. Conclusion: We undertook the challenge of developing an integrative and comprehensive set of criteria of serious suicide attempt and suggest a definition comprising three key dimensions: medical lethality, potential lethality of the method used, and severity of the objective circumstances of the suicide intent. Clinicians and researchers are strongly encouraged to consider using the term serious suicide attempt with its attendant components.
Does Geothermal Exploitation Trigger Earthquakes in Tuscany?
Authors: Braun Thomas , Dahm Torsten , Krüger Frank , Ohrnberger Matthias
Published: June 2016

For the past 25 years, power production has been accompanied by a small but steady increase in seismicity near geothermal wells. A new project seeks to explore why.
Freestanding three-dimensional core–shell nanoarrays for lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Tan Guoqiang , Wu Feng , Yuan Yifei , Chen Renjie , Zhao Teng , Yao Ying , Qian Ji , Liu Jianrui , Ye Yusheng , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil
Published: June 2016

Structural degradation and low conductivity of transition-metal oxides lead to severe capacity fading in lithium-ion batteries. Recent efforts to solve this issue have mainly focused on using nanocomposites or hybrids by integrating nanosized metal oxides with conducting additives. Here we design specific hierarchical structures and demonstrate their use in flexible, large-area anode assemblies. Fabrication of these anodes is achieved via oxidative growth of copper oxide nanowires onto copper substrates followed by radio-frequency sputtering of carbon-nitride films, forming freestanding three-dimensional arrays with core–shell nano-architecture. Cable-like copper oxide/carbon-nitride core–shell nanostructures accommodate the volume change during lithiation−delithiation processes, the three-dimensional arrays provide abundant electroactive zones and electron/ion transport paths, and the monolithic sandwich-type configuration without additional binders or conductive agents improves energy/power densities of the whole electrode.
Correction: Corrigendum: Radiocarbon constraints on the extent and evolution of the South Pacific glacial carbon pool
Authors: Ronge T. A. , Tiedemann R. , Lamy F. , Köhler P. , Alloway B. V. , De Pol-Holz R. , Pahnke K. , Southon J. , Wacker L.
Published: June 2016

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 11487 (2016); Published: 9 May 2016; Updated: 3 June 2016 The affiliation details for R. De Pol-Holz are incorrect in this Article. The correct affiliation details for this author are given below: GAIA-Antartica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 01855,Chile.
Dissipation of Energy by Dry Granular Matter in a Rotating Cylinder
Authors: Sack Achim , Pöschel Thorsten
Published: June 2016

We study experimentally the dissipation of energy in a rotating cylinder which is partially filled by granular material. We consider the range of angular velocity corresponding to continous and stationary flow of the granulate. In this regime, the stationary state depends on the angular velocity and on the filling mass. For a wide interval of filling levels we find a universal behavior of the driving torque required to sustain the stationary state as a function of the angular velocity. The result may be of relevance to industrial applications, e.g. to understand the power consumption of ball mills or rotary kilns and also for damping applications where mechanical energy has to be dissipated in a controlled way.