bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scientific output on coronavirus and WHO’s Solidarity Project: a science-based choice?
Authors: Galina Andréia Cristina , Sarzi Deise , de Medeiros Larissa Campos , Sampaio André Luiz Franco , Leta Jacqueline
Published: November 2020

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Solidarity Program probably the largest global initiative to encourage and support research in four promising drugs and therapies (Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, β interferon and the combination Lopinavir / Ritonavir) to reduce the mortality of COVID-19. Considering the potential impact of this project to restrain the current pandemic, the present study aims to investigate whether it was designed upon a scientific basis. For this proposal, we collected all documents on coronavirus indexed in Scopus database by using a search strategy based in MESH terms. Among the studied groups of documents, we looked in more detail the Coronavirus group in order to find documents related to WHO’ s drugs or to other drugs and therapies extracted from another source. The main findings indicate that the number of documents related to WHO’s drugs are higher than in the other groups and this subset of documents involves a larger number of institutions and countries. Hence, the results shown in this study illustrate that decisions by an international body, as WHO, may be science-based and not be merely bureaucratic decisions.
The impact of COVID-19 employment shocks on suicide and safety net use: An early-stage investigation
Authors: Ando Michihito , Furuichi Masato
Published: November 2020

This paper examines whether the COVID-19-induced employment shocks are associated with increases in suicides and safety net use in the second and third quarters of 2020. We exploit plausibly exogenous regional variation in the magnitude of the employment shocks in Japan and adopt a difference-in-differences research design to examine and control for possible confounders. Our preferred point estimates suggest that a one-percentage-point increase in the unemployment rate in the second quarter of 2020 is associated with, approximately, an additional 0.52 suicides, 28 unemployment benefit recipients, 88 recipients of a temporary loan program, and 10 recipients of public assistance per 100,000 population per month. A simple calculation based on these estimates suggests that if a region experienced a one-percentage-point increase in the unemployment rate caused by the COVID-19 crisis in the second quarter of 2020, which is roughly equivalent to the third-highest regional employment shock, this would be associated with 37.4%, 60.5%, and 26.5% increases in the total, female, and male suicide rates respectively in July 2020 compared with July 2019. Our baseline findings are robust to several different model specifications, although we do not assert that our research design perfectly solves the problem of estimation bias.
Age Specific Months of Mortality (MOMa) from Endemic and Pandemic (Covid 19) diseases
Authors: Rembold Christopher M
Published: November 2020

People do not naturally understand risk. We fear things that happen rarely like kidnapping while ignoring common risks like motor vehicle crashes. We also do not fully comprehend the large effect that age has on risk. In this paper, I introduce a concept that I call age specific months of mortality, abbreviated MOMa, a statistic that will allow people to understand their risk of death within their age group. In a year without excess mortality, i.e. no pandemic, individual causes of death will add up to a total of 12 MOMa. Excess mortality, e.g. a pandemic, adds MOMa beyond 12. For people in their 20s, the MOMa is 5 for accidents, 1.9 for suicide, 1.6 for homicide, and 1.2 for Covid-19. For people in their 60s, the MOMa is 12 for Covid-19, 4 for cancer, 2.6 for coronary heart, and treatment of Covid-19 with dexamethasone reduces MOMa from 12 to 7 months.
A Detailed Map of Coupled Circadian Clock and Cell Cycle with Qualitative Dynamics Validation
Authors: Rougny Adrien , Paulevé Loïc , Teboul Michèle , Delaunay Franck
Published: November 2020

The temporal coordination of biological processes by the circadian clock is an important mechanism, and its disruption has negative health outcomes, including cancer. Experimental and theoretical evidence suggests that the oscillators driving the circadian clock and the cell cycle are coupled through phase locking. We present a detailed and documented SBGN PD map of known mechanisms related to the regulation of the circadian clock, and its coupling with an existing cell cycle SBGN PD map which includes main interactions of the mammalian cell cycle. The coherence of the merged map has been validated with a qualitative dynamics analysis. We verified that the coupled circadian clock and cell cycle maps allow reproducing the observed sequence of phase markers. Moreover, we predicted mutations that contribute to regulating checkpoints of the two oscillators. Strikingly, our approach underlines the potential key role of the core clock protein NR1D1 in regulating cell cycle progression. We predicted that its activity influences negatively the progression of the cell cycle from phase G2 to M. It is consistent with the earlier experimental finding that pharmacological activation of NR1D1 inhibits tumour cell proliferation and shows that our approach can identify biologically relevant species in the context of large and complex networks.
Liquidity risk determinants: Islamic vs conventional banks
Authors: Ghenimi Ameni , Chaibi Hasna , Omri Mohamed Ali Brahim
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to identify and analyze the similarities and differences of the liquidity risk determinants within conventional and Islamic banks.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a dynamic panel data approach to examine the relationship between liquidity risk and a set of bank-specific and macroeconomic factors during 2005–2015, by selecting 27 Islamic banks and 49 conventional ones operating in the MENA region. More specifically, the dynamic two-step generalized method of moment estimator technique introduced by Arellano and Bond (1991) is applied.

Findings

The results suggest that the set of bank-specific variables influences the liquidity risk of both banking systems, while macroeconomic factors determine the liquidity risk of conventional banks. Islamic banks are not affected by macroeconomic determinants.

Practical implications

The research facilitates to the academicians, practitioners and bankers to have an alluded picture about liquidity risk determinants and their management. The findings can be used by bankers’ policy decision-makers to improve and enhance their consideration for liquidity risk management in both banking systems. Indeed, the study makes them aware to manage liquidity risk differently between conventional and Islamic banks, as the results reveal different liquidity risk determinants.

Originality/value

Compared to the abundant studies on the determinants of credit risk, researchers have not sufficiently addressed the factors influencing liquidity risk. Moreover, none of these few research studies has discussed and compared liquidity risk determinants within both banking systems operating in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This leads us to identify the similarities and differences between conventional and Islamic banks in the MENA region in respect of systematic and unsystematic determinants of the liquidity risk. The value is attributed to the increasing differentiation between Islamic and conventional banks. Islamic banks are characterized with a different liquidity structure distinguishing them from their conventional counterparts.
Promising practices for de-escalation and use-of-force training in the police setting: a narrative review
Authors: Bennell Craig , Blaskovits Brittany , Jenkins Bryce , Semple Tori , Khanizadeh Ariane-Jade , Brown Andrew Steven , Jones Natalie Jennifer
Published: November 2020

Purpose

A narrative review of existing research literature was conducted to identify practices that are likely to improve the quality of de-escalation and use-of-force training for police officers.

Design/methodology/approach

Previous reviews of de-escalation and use-of-force training literature were examined to identify promising training practices, and more targeted literature searches of various databases were undertaken to learn more about the potential impact of each practice on a trainee's ability to learn, retain, and transfer their training. Semi-structured interviews with five subject matter experts were also conducted to assess the degree to which they believed the identified practices were relevant to de-escalation and use-of-force training, and would enhance the quality of such training.

Findings

Twenty practices emerged from the literature search. Each was deemed relevant and useful by the subject matter experts. These could be mapped on to four elements of training: (1) commitment to training (e.g. securing organizational support for training), (2) development of training (e.g. aligning training formats with learning objectives), (3) implementation of training (e.g. providing effective corrective feedback) and (4) evaluation and ongoing assessment of training (e.g. using multifaceted evaluation tools to monitor and modify training as necessary).

Originality/value

This review of training practices that may be relevant to de-escalation and use-of-force training is the broadest one conducted to date. The review should prompt more organized attempts to quantify the effectiveness of the training practices (e.g. through meta-analyses), and encourage more focused testing in a police training environment to determine their impact.
Insight into the dynamics of magneto-casson hybrid nanoliquid caused by a plate rotation
Authors: Das S. , Ali Asgar , Jana R.N.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to present the analytical investigation on an unsteady magneto-convective rotation of an electrically conducting non-Newtonian Casson hybrid nanoliquid past a vertical porous plate. The effects of thermal radiation, heat source/sink and hydrodynamic slip phenomenon are also taken into account. Ethylene glycol (EG) is adopted as a base Casson fluid. The Casson fluid model is accounted for to describe the rheological characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid. EG with copper and alumina nanoparticles is envisaged as a non-Newtonian Casson hybrid nanoliquid. The copper-alumina-ethylene glycol hybrid nanoliquid is considered as the regenerative coolant.

Design/methodology/approach

The perturbation method is implemented to develop the analytical solution of the modeled equations. Acquired solutions are used to calculate the shear stresses and the rate of heat transfer in terms of amplitudes and phase angles. Numerical results are figured out and tabled to inspect the physical insights of various emerging parameters on the pertinent flow characteristics.

Findings

This exploration discloses that the velocity profiles are strongly diminished by the slip parameter. Centrifugal and Coriolis forces caused by the plate rotation are found to significantly change the entire flow regime. The supplementation of nanoparticles is to lessen the amplitude of the heat transfer rate. A comparative study is carried out to understand the improvement of heat transfer characteristics of Casson hybrid nanoliquid and Casson nanoliquid. However, the Casson hybrid nanoliquid exhibits a lower rate of heat transfer than the usual Casson nanoliquid.

Practical implications

This proposed model would be pertinent in oceanography, meteorology, atmospheric science, power engineering, power and propulsion generation, solar energy transformation, thermoelectric and sensing material processing, tumbler in polymer manufacturing, etc. Motivated by such practical implications, the proposed study has been unfolded.

Originality/value

The novelty of this paper is to examine the simultaneous effects of the magnetic field, Coriolis force, suction/injection, slip condition and thermal radiation on non-Newtonian Casson hybrid nanoliquid flow past an oscillating vertical plate subject to periodically heating in a rotating frame of reference. A numerical comparison is also made with the existing published results under some limiting cases and it is found that the results are in good agreement with them. An in-depth review of the literature and the author’s best understanding find that such aspects of the problem have so far remained unexplored.
Fetal–neonatal and maternal outcomes in women with psoriasis vulgaris: A nationwide population‐based registry linkage study in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Yu‐Huei , Yee Ng Chau , Chiou Meng‐Jiun , Kuo Chang‐Fu
Published: November 2020

Interdisciplinary care involving dermatologists and obstetricians is important for pregnant women with psoriasis. However, well‐controlled risk estimates and detailed outcome measurements for adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes are rare and inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate maternal and fetal outcomes of mothers with psoriasis by using a population‐based nationwide health registrar database. We identified 2 350 330 singleton pregnancies, of which 4058 singleton pregnancies were psoriatic patients using the Taiwan National Health Insurance database and birth registry from 2001 to 2012. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pregnancy outcomes were calculated using an adjusted generalized estimating equation model. Pregnancies in psoriatic patients were associated with an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.57 (1.31–1.89) for pre‐eclampsia, 1.5 (1.28–1.75) for pregnancy‐related hypertension and 1.57 (1.36–1.82) for severe post‐partum hemorrhage. Offspring of women with psoriasis were associated with an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.48 (1.11–1.96) for stillbirth, 1.27 (1.14–1.41) for low birthweight of less than 2500 g, 1.13 (1.02–1.25) for preterm labor, 1.12 (1.02–1.23) for small for gestational age and 1.09 (0.96–1.25) for fetal distress. Lower Apgar scores were also observed in babies born to mothers with psoriasis. In conclusion, pregnancies in women with psoriasis have a significantly higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcome compared with unaffected mothers.
Development and validation of a prediction model for axial length elongation in myopic children treated with overnight orthokeratology
Authors: Xu Shengsong , Li Zhouyue , Hu Yin , Zhao Wenchen , Jiang Jinyun , Feng Zhibin , Chen Weiyin , Li Cong , Chen Linxing , Fang Binglan , Wang Huarong , Zhai Zhou , Li Bin , Zeng Junwen , Yang Xiao
Published: November 2020

Purpose

To develop and validate a standardized prediction model aiming at 1‐year axial length elongation and to guide the orthokeratology lens practice.

Methods

This retrospective study was based on medical records of myopic children treated with orthokeratology. Individuals aged 8–15 years (n = 1261) were included and divided into the primary cohort (n = 757) and validation cohort (n = 504). Feature selection was primarily performed to sort out influential predictors by high‐throughput extraction. Then, the prediction model was developed using multivariable linear regression analysis completed by backward stepwise selection. Finally, the validation of the prediction model was performed by evaluation metrics (mean‐square error, root‐mean‐square error, mean absolute error and ).

Results

No significant difference was found between primary and validation cohort (all p > 0.05). After the feature selection, the crude model was adjusted by demographic information in multivariable linear regression analysis, and five final predictors were identified (all p < 0.01). The interaction effect of age with 1‐month change of zone‐3 mm flat K was detected (p < 0.01); hence, two final prediction models were developed based on two age subgroups. The validation proved an acceptable performance.

Conclusion

An effective multivariable prediction model aiming at 1‐year axial length elongation was developed and validated. It can potentially help clinicians to predict orthokeratology efficacy and make valid adjustments. The influential variables revealed in this model can also provide designers directions to optimize the design of lens to improve the efficacy of myopia control.
SEM study of black, blue, violet and yellow inglaze colours of the oldest Swiss tin‐opacified stove tiles (c.1450–c.1512, canton Bern)*
Authors: Maggetti M.
Published: November 2020

The ceramic colours of eight late medieval to early Renaissance stove tiles were studied by scanning electron microscopy‐backscattered electron (SEM‐BSE) images and SEM with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS). Microstructural observations and chemical compositions of these colours give some insight into the colouring agents and techniques used by the potters. All decorations were applied as inglaze opaque colours on the unfired powdery tin‐opacified glaze. The base glass was a Si‐Pb glass, that is, for the blue, not a K‐rich smalt. Two Co blue, with or without relics of Fe‐Co‐Ni and Ni‐Co spinels (‘safre’), could be distinguished. Pb‐Sn‐Sb triple oxide was used for the yellow. The violet was obtained by adding some Mn to the tin‐opacified glaze. The black was either a Mn‐doped blue or a CuO‐SnO2 black. The colours were probably purchased and not locally prepared.
Freedom at, through and from work: Rethinking labour rights
Authors: BUENO Nicolas
Published: November 2020

To what extent do labour rights promote freedom in relation to work? Methodologically, the article defines three freedoms: freedom “at”, “through” and “from” work. Despite freedom‐oriented approaches to labour law, it shows that fundamental labour rights have traditionally aimed and continue to aim at protecting workers in the labour market, not at expanding freedoms and in particular freedom “from” work. In this respect, it outlines limits in current proposals, such as the basic income, to liberate from work. It discusses instead new rights in the human economy framework, concluding that, in order to expand freedoms in relation to work, not fewer but more fundamental labour rights are required.
Diversity, structure and function of the coiled‐coil domains of plant NLR immune receptors
Authors: Wang Junzhu , Han Meng , Liu Yule
Published: November 2020

Plant nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) perceive pathogen avirulence effectors and activate defense responses. Nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat receptors are classified into coiled‐coil (CC)‐containing and Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR)‐containing NLRs. Recent advances suggest that NLR CC domains often function in signaling activation, especially for induction of cell death. In this review, we outline our current understanding of NLR CC domains, including their diversity/classification and structure, their roles in cell death induction, disease resistance, and interaction with other proteins. Furthermore, we provide possible directions for future work.
Thermal effects of percutaneous application of plasma/radiofrequency energy on porcine dermis and fibroseptal network
Authors: Ruff Paul G.
Published: November 2020

Background

Skin laxity is one of the defining characteristics of aging and can be the result of various factors including intrinsic aging, genetics, diet, stress, lifestyle, sun exposure, weight fluctuations, and smoking. Recent reports suggest the ability of subdermal energy application to reduce skin laxity. Thermal energy can be delivered using different devices including lasers, radiofrequency (RF) monopolar and bipolar devices, and plasma/RF devices. Plasma‐based energy platforms generate a plasma gas, allowing heat to be applied to the tissue. This study focused on the evaluation of thermal effect of plasma/RF compared to a monopolar RF device applied percutaneously to the subdermis and connective fibroseptal network in a porcine model.

Methods

The subdermal application of energy was conducted using a plasma/RF system and a monopolar RF system. Both low and high energy/temperature settings were evaluated in dynamic and stationary modes. Histomorphometry was used to determine the depth of thermal effect associated with each treatment setting.

Results

Both dermis and fibroseptal network tissue exhibited the presence of microscopically thermally treated zones. There were no significant differences in average and maximum depths of thermal effect between the different handpieces and electrosurgical systems used for all treatment settings.

Conclusions

No significant differences in the thermal effect between plasma/RF and monopolar RF systems were observed, suggesting that plasma/RF systems can be safely used for the percutaneous application of energy in the subcutaneous space.
The levels, prevalence and related factors of compassion fatigue among oncology nurses: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Wanqing , Wang Jialin , Zhang Yonggang , Zuo Min , Kang Hua , Tang Ping , Zeng Li , Jin Man , Ni Wanying , Ma Chun
Published: November 2020

Background

Compassion fatigue is described as the phenomenon of exhaustion and dysfunction in healthcare workers resulting from prolonged exposure to work‐related stress and compassion stress. Oncology nurses are at high risk for compassion fatigue.

Aims

Our study aims to estimate the levels, prevalence and related factors of compassion fatigue dimension in oncology nurses.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Method

Ten electronic databases were conducted in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. Time frame of the searches is from inception up to 31 January 2020. The research team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions and analysis of all included studies. The means, standard deviations and prevalence of three dimensions of compassion fatigue were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analysis. The PRISMA guideline was used to report the systematic review and meta‐analysis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020205521.

Results

The systematic review included 21 studies, involving 6533 oncology nurses across 6 different countries. In our studies, the pooled mean scores of compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress (STS) were 35.47 (95% CI: 33.54–37.41), 24.94 (95% CI: 23.47–26.41) and 24.48 (95% CI: 23.36–25.60), respectively; the pooled prevalence of “low” rates of CS, “high” rates of BO and STS were 20% (CI 13%–28%), 22% (CI 18%–26%) and 22% (CI 17%–28%), respectively; furthermore, geographical regions (Asia) significantly affect the prevalence of compassion fatigue among oncology nurses. The compassion fatigue variables considered were demographic (age, marital status, education background, health condition and gender), work‐related (job satisfaction, income satisfaction, years of working experience, professional title, position and work environment) and other variables (social support, coping strategy, self‐compassion, professional cognition and psychological training).

Conclusion

Oncology nurses were at “moderate” level of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress, and 22% of oncology nurses suffered from “high” risk of compassion fatigue. Hospital administrators should develop interventions to address compassion fatigue phenomenon, and enhance the mental health of oncology nurses and nursing care results.

Relevance to clinical practice

Oncology unit warrants special attention, and oncology nurses are at high risk for compassion fatigue. However, the reported prevalence rates and oncology nurses with different characteristics vary considerably. The review provides a preliminary framework for nursing administrators to develop interventions to address compassion fatigue phenomenon, and enhance the psychological health of oncology nurses.
Analysis of gum bleeding among children aged 12–15 years in Jiangxi Province and related influencing factors
Authors: Luo Die , Ou Xiaoyan , Zeng Liwei , Lai Jiawei , Zhou Xiaojun , Lu Yuanan
Published: November 2020

Objective

To study the prevalence of gum bleeding in children aged 12–15 years in Jiangxi Province and related influencing factors for the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods

A multistage cluster stratified sampling method was used to select 8,160 children aged 12–15 years for this study. Enrolled children completed a set of survey questionnaires covering children's gender, age, parents' educational level, oral health knowledge scores, attitude scores, and brushing habits in addition of dental examination. All the data were analyzed using the chi‐square test and logistic regression.

Results

Among 8,160 children, the gum bleeding rate was 66.5 percent (95% CI: 65.8%–68.1%). The gum bleeding rate in urban children (68.0 percent) was higher than that in rural areas (65.0 percent) (P < 0.01); the gum bleeding rate in boys (67.6 percent) was higher than that in girls (65.4 percent) (P < 0.05). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, urban and rural areas, mother education, knowledge score, attitude score, and brushing frequency were all important factors affecting gum bleeding.

Conclusion

This study showed that incidence of gum bleeding in Jiangxi children is high which is affected by their age, mother's education, and several other factors. These new findings form the baseline information essential for the development of more effective approaches to prevent and control children gum bleeding in Jiangxi and other regions in the future.
Bioinformatic investigation for candidate genes and molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy
Authors: Li Peng , Zhong Xiaojing , Zhang Lihong , Yu Ying , Niu Jianying
Published: November 2020

Aim

We aimed to explore the detailed molecular mechanism of immune‐associated genes in membranous nephropathy (MN).

Methods

A microarray data set (GSE133288) was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) in MN vs control groups were identified, and MN‐related DEMs (MN‐DEMs) were further verified and screened using the comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) database. The publicly available database, InnateDB was used to investigate immune genes, and the overlapped genes between MN‐DEMs and the immune genes were considered as MN‐related immune genes (iDEMs). A protein‐protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed based on these iDEMs, followed by function and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with iDEMs were predicted, followed by a lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA (competing endogenous RNAs, ceRNA) network construction.

Results

A total of 327 DEMs and 48 iDEMs were revealed; a PPI network was constructed with 100 PPI pairs and 37 iDEMs. iDEMs includingJUNandFOSwere mainly enriched in pathways such as osteoclast differentiation and function including response to immobilization stress, respectively. Based on mRNA‐associated miRNA and lncRNA prediction, 30 ceRNA interactions including KCNQ1OT1‐miR‐204‐5p‐SRY‐Box Transcription Factor 4 (SOX4) were explored.

Conclusion

mRNAs includingFOSandJUNmight participate in MN development via response to immobilization stress function and the osteoclast differentiation pathway. The mRNASOX4might contribute to MN progression via sponging KCNQ1OT1‐miR‐204‐5p interaction.
Taxonomic novelties in Narcissus L. (Amaryllidaceae): Narcissus × villanovensis nothosp. nov. and N. × koshinomurae nothosubsp. sanchezii comb. nov.
Authors: Javier López‐Tirado
Published: November 2020

Daffodils are a group of special interest for naturalists and botanists due to their beautifulness, diversity and ability to hybridize. In some cases, they have been overnamed leading to confusion. This work mainly concerns two hybrid daffodils found in the Córdoba province, Spain. Narcissus × villanovensis J. López‐Tirado (N. cantabricus DC. × N. fernandesii Pedro) is described using quantitative measurements and qualitative characters from fresh specimens. Narcissus × koshinomurae nothosubsp. sanchezii (J. López‐Tirado) J. López‐Tirado is provided as the binomial for N. assoanus subsp. baeticus (Fern. Casas) Barra, Díez & Ureña × N. papyraceus Ker Gawl., and Narcissus × romoi Fern. Casas is synonymized with the older name N. × tuckeri A. Barra & G. López.
Clinical oral profile of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Stofella Sodré Camila , Ferreira Dennis de Carvalho , Vieira Mayra Stambovsky , Sampaio Cavalcante Fernanda , Braga Beatriz Stofel , Saintive Simone , Abad Eliane de Dios , Goudouris Ekaterini , Prado Evandro A. , Gonçalves Lucio Souza , dos Santos Kátia Regina Netto , Ribeiro Márcia Gonçalves
Published: November 2020

Objectives

This work aims to describe oral health conditions, eating habits, and oral hygiene in pediatric and adolescent patients with atopic dermatitis and correlate them with the severity of the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD). Also, we aim to estimate the effect of several variables on the diagnosis of dental caries in these patients.

Material and Methods

A total of 92 children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis had their oral cavities examined. The effect of independent variables on the diagnosis of dental caries (outcome) was assessed using multiple binary logistic regression model.

Results

Mild patients presented higher score of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in permanent dentition than moderate patients (p = 0.040). In the multivariable regression final model, the covariates using inhaled corticoid (OR = 6.4; p = 0.003), type of teething [deciduous dentition (OR = 7.9; p = 0.027) and mixed dentition (OR = 10.5; p = 0.007)], and brushing quality [poor mechanical control (OR = 10.6; p < 0.0001)] demonstrated significant direct effect on the diagnosis of dental caries.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the presence of dental biofilm, use of inhaled corticoid, and type of teething are related to the presence of caries in atopic dermatitis patients.
Vietnamese Return Migrants' Prosocial Behavior in Their Rural Home Communities*
Authors: Thi Le Huyen , Nakagawa Yoshinori
Published: November 2020

Rural immigrants, including return migrants, introduce new beliefs, ideas, cultures, and behavioral styles, which can serve as new blood to rural areas. The aim of the present paper is to attach an additional meaning to this metaphoric expression, demonstrating that return migrants are more prosocial than others in rural regions, thereby enhancing rural social capital in the short and long run. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and data from a total of 250 participants were collected from a rural village in Vietnam, including 107 return migrants. Their prosociality was measured using the “giving” part of the 2‐Way social support scale and the social generativity scale. Consistent with the literature, the possession of migration experiences was significantly associated with both of these two scale scores. Taken together with a supplementary qualitative survey on the motivation for return migrants' decision to migrate, the results show that migration experience makes returnees more prosocial, rather than prosocial villagers selectively out‐migrating. The present study contributes to the deepening debate about whether sending people to more developed regions is beneficial for less developed regions. It concluded that the sending side can benefit from return migrants' prosocial behavior and thus the strengthening of social capital in rural areas. The practical implications are also discussed.
Middle Miocene ultrapotassic magmatism in the Himalaya: A response to mantle unrooting process beneath the orogen
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Chao , Wang Jian‐Gang , Liu Xiao‐Chi , Liu Yiduo , Lai Qing‐Zhou
Published: November 2020

Post‐collisional ultrapotassic magmatism received special attention because it is an important indicator for mantle geodynamics in a collisional orogen. So far, no mantle‐derived magmatism has been identified within the Himalayan belt, hindering our understanding of the architecture and thermal state of the deep‐seated lithosphere in this area during the orogenesis. Here, we report the first discovery of mantle‐derived ultrapotassic rock in the Himalayan region. The middle Miocene (ca. 13 Ma) lamprophyre dike intruded the Tethyan Himalaya sedimentary cover of the Ramba dome on the shoulder of the Yadong‐Gulu rift. Geochemical analyses suggest that the ultrapotassic melt was derived from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the Indian plate, within a relatively shallow depth in the spinel stability field. The ultrapotassic magmatism indicates asthenospheric upwelling in the middle Miocene, a response to the mantle unrooting process beneath the Himalayan orogen.
Goal Motives and Well-Being in Student-Athletes: A Person-Centered Approach
Authors: Healy Laura C. , Ntoumanis Nikos , Arthur Calum A.
Published: November 2020

Using a person-centered approach, the aim of this study was to examine how student-athletes’ motives for multiple-goal pursuit relate to indices of well- and ill-being. Student-athletes (N = 362) from British universities identified the most important sporting and academic goals that they were pursuing over the academic year. The participants rated their extrinsic, introjected, identified, and intrinsic goal motives for each goal and completed measures of well- and ill-being. Latent profile analysis revealed six distinct profiles of goal motives, with variations in both the strength of motives and the motivational quality. Follow-up analyses revealed between-profile differences for well- and ill-being; students with more optimal goal motive profiles reported higher and lower well- and ill-being, respectively, than those with less optimal goal motives. To experience well-being benefits when pursuing multiple goals, student-athletes should strive for their academic and sporting goals with high autonomous and low controlled goal motives.
Structural Investigations of the Inhibition of Escherichia coli AmpC β-Lactamase by Diazabicyclooctanes
Authors: Lang Pauline A. , Leissing Thomas M. , Page Malcolm G. P. , Schofield Christopher J. , Brem Jürgen
Published: November 2020

β-Lactam antibiotics are presently the most important treatments for infections by pathogenic
Escherichia coli
, but their use is increasingly compromised by β-lactamases, including the chromosomally encoded class C AmpC serine-β-lactamases (SBLs). The diazabicyclooctane (DBO) avibactam is a potent AmpC inhibitor; the clinical success of avibactam combined with ceftazidime has stimulated efforts to optimize the DBO core.
Transactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Infected Cell Protein 4 Enhancer by Glucocorticoid Receptor and Stress-Induced Transcription Factors Requires Overlapping Krüppel-Like Transcription Factor 4/Sp1 Binding Sites
Authors: Ostler Jeffery B. , Thunuguntla Prasanth , Hendrickson Bailey Y. , Jones Clinton
Published: November 2020

Certain stressful stimuli activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and increase the incidence of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) reactivation from latency. For example, a corticosteroid antagonist impairs productive infection and virus shedding following explant of trigeminal ganglia from latently infected mice.
Na
+
-NQR Confers Aminoglycoside Resistance via the Regulation of
l-
Alanine Metabolism
Authors: Jiang Ming , Kuang Su-fang , Lai Shi-shi , Zhang Song , Yang Jun , Peng Bo , Peng Xuan-xian , Chen Zhuang-gui , Li Hui
Published: November 2020

The Na
+
-NQR complex functions as a unique redox-driven sodium pump, generating membrane potential directly. However, whether it mediates generation of membrane potential indirectly is unknown. The present study shows that the Na
+
-NQR complex impacts membrane potential through other antiporter families Atp and Mnh. It proceeds by ATP and then cAMP/CRP regulon, which inhibits
l-
alanine catabolism and promotes
l-
alanine anabolism. When the Na
+
-NQR complex is reduced as in antibiotic-resistant bacteria,
l-
alanine is depressed, which is related to the antibiotic resistance phenotypes. However, exogenous
l-
alanine reverts the phenotype and promotes antibiotic-mediated killing. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which the Na
+
-NQR system regulates antibiotic resistance via
l-
alanine metabolism in a cAMP/CRP complex-dependent manner.
Humans Surviving Cholera Develop Antibodies against Vibrio cholerae O-Specific Polysaccharide That Inhibit Pathogen Motility
Authors: Charles Richelle C. , Kelly Meagan , Tam Jenny M. , Akter Aklima , Hossain Motaher , Islam Kamrul , Biswas Rajib , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Chowdhury Fahima , Khan Ashraful I. , Leung Daniel T. , Weil Ana , LaRocque Regina C. , Bhuiyan Taufiqur Rahman , Rahman Atiqur , Mayo-Smith Leslie M. , Becker Rachel L. , Vyas Jatin M. , Faherty Christina S. , Nickerson Kourtney P. , Giffen Samantha , Ritter Alaina S. , Waldor Matthew K. , Xu Peng , Kováč Pavol , Calderwood Stephen B. , Kauffman Robert C. , Wrammert Jens , Qadri Firdausi , Harris Jason B. , Ryan Edward T.
Published: November 2020

Cholera is a severe dehydrating illness of humans caused by
Vibrio cholerae
.
V. cholerae
is a highly motile bacterium that has a single flagellum covered in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) displaying O-specific polysaccharide (OSP), and
V. cholerae
motility correlates with its ability to cause disease. The mechanisms of protection against cholera are not well understood; however, since
V. cholerae
is a noninvasive intestinal pathogen, it is likely that antibodies that bind the pathogen or its products in the intestinal lumen contribute to protection from infection. Here, we demonstrate that OSP-specific antibodies isolated from humans surviving cholera in Bangladesh inhibit
V. cholerae
motility and are associated with protection against challenge in a motility-dependent manner.
Impact of patient characteristics on efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus dulaglutide: SUSTAIN 7 post hoc analyses
Authors: Pratley Richard E , Aroda Vanita R , Catarig Andrei-Mircea , Lingvay Ildiko , Lüdemann Jörg , Yildirim Emre , Viljoen Adie
Published: November 2020

Objective

In SUSTAIN 7, once-weekly semaglutide demonstrated superior glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight (BW) reductions versus once-weekly dulaglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This post hoc analysis investigated the impact of clinically relevant subject characteristics on treatment effects of semaglutide versus dulaglutide.

Design

Analyses by baseline age (<65, ≥65 years), sex (male, female), diabetes duration (≤5, >5–10, >10 years), HbA1c (≤7.5, >7.5–8.5, >8.5% (≤58, >58–69, >69 mmol/mol)) and body mass index (BMI) (<30, 30–<35, ≥35 kg/m2).

Setting

194 sites; 16 countries.

Participants

Subjects with T2D (n=1199) exposed to treatment.

Interventions

Semaglutide 0.5 mg versus dulaglutide 0.75 mg (low-dose comparison); semaglutide 1.0 mg versus dulaglutide 1.5 mg (high-dose comparison), all subcutaneously once weekly.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Change in HbA1c (primary endpoint) and BW (confirmatory secondary endpoint) from baseline to week 40; proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c targets (<7%, ≤6.5% (<53, ≤48 mmol/mol)) and weight-loss responses (≥5%, ≥10%) at week 40; and safety.

Results

HbA1c and BW reductions (estimated treatment difference ranges: –0.22 to –0.70%-point; –1.76 to –3.84 kg) and proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c targets and weight-loss responses were statistically significantly greater for the majority of comparisons of semaglutide versus dulaglutide within each subgroup category and, excepting glycaemic control within the low-dose comparison in HbA1c subgroups, this was irrespective of subgroup or dose comparison. Gastrointestinal adverse events, the most common with both treatments, were reported by more women than men and, with semaglutide, decreased with increasing BMI.

Conclusions

Consistently greater improvements in HbA1c and BW with semaglutide versus dulaglutide, regardless of age, sex, diabetes duration, glycaemic control and BMI, support the efficacy of semaglutide across the continuum of care in a heterogeneous population with T2D.

Trial registration number

NCT02648204.
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effect of folic acid supplementation beyond the first trimester on maternal plasma unmetabolised folic acid in late gestation
Authors: Sulistyoningrum Dian , Green Tim , Palmer Debbie , Sullivan Thomas , Wood Simon , Makrides Maria , Skubisz Monika , Best Karen P
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Taking folic acid containing supplements prior to and during early pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects. Neural tube defects occur prior to 28 days postconception, after which, there is no proven benefit of continuing to take folic acid. However, many women continue to take folic acid containing supplements throughout the pregnancy. At higher intakes, folic acid is not converted to its active form and accumulates in circulation as unmetabolised folic acid (UMFA). Recently, concerns have been raised about possible links between late gestation folic acid supplementation and childhood allergy, metabolic disease and autism spectrum disorders. We aim to determine if removing folic acid from prenatal micronutrient supplements after 12 weeks gestation reduces circulating levels of maternal UMFA at 36 weeks gestation.

Methods and analysis

This is a parallel-design, double-blinded randomised controlled trial. Women ≥12 and <16 weeks’ gestation with a singleton pregnancy and able to give informed consent are eligible to participate. Women (n=100; 50 per group) will be randomised to receive either a micronutrient supplement containing 0.8 mg of folic acid or a micronutrient supplement without folic acid daily from enrolment until delivery. The primary outcome is plasma UMFA concentration at 36 weeks gestation. Secondary outcomes include red blood cell folate and total plasma folate concentration. We will assess whether there is a difference in mean UMFA levels at 36 weeks gestation between groups using linear regression with adjustment for baseline UMFA levels and gestational age at trial entry. The treatment effect will be described as a mean difference with 95% CI.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been granted from the Women’s and Children’s Health Network Research Ethics Committee (HREC/19/WCHN/018). The results of this trial will be presented at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12619001511123.
Education and pneumonia mortality: a trend analysis of its inequalities in Colombian adults
Authors: Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J. , Arroyave Ivan , Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos , De La Hoz-Restrepo Fernando , Alvis-Guzman Nelson
Published: November 2020

Objective

To explore the existence and trends of social inequalities related to pneumonia mortality in Colombian adults using educational level as a proxy of socioeconomic status.

Methods

We obtained individual and anonymised registries from death certificates due to pneumonia for 1998–2015. Educational level data were gathered from microdata of the Colombian Demography Health Surveys. Rate ratios (RR) were estimated by using Poisson regression models, comparing mortality of educational groups with mortality in the highest education group. Relative index of inequality (RII) was measured to assess changes in disparities, regressing mortality on the midpoint of the cumulative distribution of education, thereby considering the size of each educational group.

Results

For adults 25+ years, the risk of dying was significantly higher among lower educated. The RRs depict increased risks of dying comparing lower and highest education level, and this tendency was stronger in woman than in men (RR for primary education=2.34 (95% CI 2.32 to 2.36), RR for secondary education=1.77 (95% CI 1.75 to 1.78) versus RR for primary education=1.83 (95% CI 1.81 to 1.85), RR for secondary education=1.51 (95% CI 1.50 to 1.53)). According to age groups, young adults (25–44 years) showed the largest inequality in terms of educational level; RRs for pneumonia mortality regarding the tertiary educated groups show increased mortality in the lower and secondary educated, and these differences decreased with ages. RII in pneumonia mortality among adult men was 2.01 (95% CI 2.00 to 2.03) and in women 2.46 (95% CI 2.43 to 2.48). The RII was greatest at young ages, for both sexes. Time trends showed steadily significant increases for RII in both men and women (estimated annual percentage change (EAPC)men=3.8; EAPCwomen=2.6).

Conclusion

A significant increase on the educational inequalities in mortality due to pneumonia during all period was found among men and women. Efforts to reduce pneumonia mortality in adults improving population health by raising education levels should be strengthened with policies that assure widespread access to economic and social opportunities.
Conventional revolution: the ethical implications of the natural progress of neonatal intensive care to artificial wombs
Authors: Wozniak Phillip Stefan , Fernandes Ashley Keith
Published: November 2020

Research teams have used extra-uterine systems (Biobags) to support premature fetal lambs and to bring them to maturation in a way not previously possible. The researchers have called attention to possible implications of these systems for sustaining premature human fetuses in a similar way. Some commentators have pointed out that perfecting these systems for human fetuses might alter a standard expectation in abortion practices: that the termination of a pregnancy also (inevitably) entails the death of the fetus. With Biobags, it might be possible, some argue, that no woman has the right to expect that outcome if the technology is able to sustain fetal lifeafteran abortion. In order to protect the expectation that the termination of a pregnancy always entails the death of the fetus, Elizabeth Romanis has argued that fetuses sustained in Biobags have a status different than otherwise ‘born’ children. In support of that view, she argues that these ‘gestatelings’ are incapable of independent life. This argument involves a misunderstanding of the gestational support involved, as well as a misapprehension of neonatology practice. Here, we argue that any human fetus sustained in a Biobag would be as ‘independent’ as any other premature infant, and just as ‘born’. Neonatologists would seem to have certain presumptive moral responsibilities toward any human fetus gestating in a Biobag. It remains a separate question whether the perfection and widespread application of Biobags for premature human beings would or should alter the expectation that ending a pregnancy also entails fetal death.
Successful management of severe epistaxis in a dog with leishmaniasis using nasal balloon catheters and carotid artery ligation
Authors: Ruys Laura
Published: November 2020

This case describes a dog with severe epistaxis due to an infection withLeishmania infantum. The dog was hypovolemic and anaemic at presentation. Standard treatment with sedation and application of gauzes with epinephrine was unsuccessful. The bleeding was temporarily controlled by applying two balloon catheters in the right nasal passage under general anaesthesia. The bleeding recurred after one of the catheters got displaced. Ultimately, the right common carotid artery was ligated, after which right‐sided epistaxis did not recur.
The Gervais–Neveu gauge in presence of a constant magnetic background
Authors: Pesando Igor , Piola Federico
Published: November 2020

We compare the gauge fixed Abelian Dirac-Born-Infeld action with string amplitudes in presence of a constant magnetic background in order to find the mapping between QFT polarizations and string polarizations, and to extract the gauge suggested by string theory in presence of a constant magnetic background, which generalizes the Gervais–Neveu gauge.