bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Footwear and insole design parameters to prevent occurrence and recurrence of neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers in patients with diabetes: a series of N-of-1 trial study protocol
Authors: Ahmed Sayed , Butterworth Paul , Barwick Alex , Sharma Anita , Hasan Md Zobaer , Nancarrow Susan
Published: December 2022

Background

Foot complications occur in conjunction with poorly controlled diabetes. Plantar forefoot ulceration contributes to partial amputation in unstable diabetics, and the risk increases with concomitant neuropathy. Reducing peak plantar forefoot pressure reduces ulcer occurrence and recurrence. Footwear and insoles are used to offload the neuropathic foot, but the success of offloading is dependent on patient adherence. This study aims to determine which design and modification features of footwear and insoles improve forefoot plantar pressure offloading and adherence in people with diabetes and neuropathy.

Methods

This study, involving a series of N-of-1 trials, included 21 participants who had a history of neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers. Participants were recruited from two public hospitals and one private podiatry clinic in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. This trial is non-randomised and unblinded. Participants will be recruited from three sites, including two high-risk foot services and a private podiatry clinic in Sydney, Australia. Mobilemat™ and F-Scan® plantar pressure mapping systems by TekScan® (Boston, USA) will be used to measure barefoot and in-shoe plantar pressures. Participants’ self-reports will be used to quantify the wearing period over a certain period of between 2 and 4 weeks during the trial. Participant preference toward footwear, insole design and quality-of-life-related information will be collected and analysed. The descriptive and inferential statistical analyses will be performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 27). And the software NVivo (version 12) will be utilised for the qualitative data analysis.

Discussion

This is the first trial assessing footwear and insole interventions in people with diabetes by using a series of N-of-1 trials. Reporting self-declared wearing periods and participants’ preferences on footwear style and aesthetics are the important approaches for this trial. Patient-centric device designs are the key to therapeutic outcomes, and this study is designed with that strategy in mind.

Trial registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12620000699965p. Registered on June 23, 2020
The α-mating factor secretion signals and endogenous signal peptides for recombinant protein secretion in Komagataella phaffii
Authors: Zou Chenwei , Lu Lingfang , Wang Shengyan , Zhang Chenshan , Chen Xuequn , Lin Yao , Huang Yide
Published: December 2022

Background

The budding yeast Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) is widely employed to secrete proteins of academic and industrial interest. For secretory proteins, signal peptides are the sorting signal to direct proteins from cytosol to extracellular matrix, and their secretion efficiency directly impacts the yields of the targeted proteins in fermentation broth. Although the α-mating factor (MF) secretion signal from S. cerevisiae, the most common and widely used signal sequence for protein secretion, works in most cases, limitation exists as some proteins cannot be secreted efficiently. As the optimal choice of secretion signals is often protein specific, more secretion signals need to be developed to augment protein expression levels in K. phaffii.

Results

In this study, the secretion efficiency of 40 α-MF secretion signals from various yeast species and 32 endogenous signal peptides from K. phaffii were investigated using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as the model protein. All of the evaluated α-MF secretion signals successfully directed EGFP secretion except for the secretion signals of the yeast D. hansenii CBS767 and H. opuntiae. The secretion efficiency of α-MF secretion signal from Wickerhamomyces ciferrii was higher than that from S. cerevisiae. 24 out of 32 endogenous signal peptides successfully mediated EGFP secretion. The signal peptides of chr3_1145 and FragB_0048 had similar efficiency to S. cerevisiae α-MF secretion signal for EGFP secretion and expression.

Conclusions

The screened α-MF secretion signals and endogenous signal peptides in this study confer an abundance of signal peptide selection for efficient secretion and expression of heterologous proteins in K. phaffii.
An overview of the trypanosomatid (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites infecting several mammal species in Colombia
Authors: Castillo-Castañeda Adriana C. , Patiño Luz H. , Zuñiga Maria Fernanda , Cantillo-Barraza Omar , Ayala Martha S. , Segura Maryi , Bautista Jessica , Urbano Plutarco , Jaimes-Dueñez Jeiczon , Ramírez Juan David
Published: December 2022

Background

Trypanosomatids are among the most critical parasites for public health due to their impact on human, animal, and plant health. Diseases associated with these pathogens manifest mainly in poor and vulnerable populations, where social, environmental, and biological factors modulate the case incidence and geographical distribution.

Methods

We used Sanger and amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) in samples from different mammals to identify trypanosomatid infections in several departments in Colombia. A total of 174 DNA samples (18 humans, 83 dogs, and 73 wild mammals) were analyzed by conventional PCR using a fragment of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene and Sanger sequenced the positive samples. Twenty-seven samples were sent for amplicon-based NGS using the same gene fragment. Data obtained were used to perform diversity analyses.

Results

One hundred and thirteen samples were positive for PCR by Hsp70 fragment; these corresponded to 22.1% Leishmania spp., 18.6% L. amazonensis, 9.7% L. braziliensis, 14.2% L. infantum, 8% L. panamensis, and 27.4% Trypanosoma cruzi. Comparison of the identified species by the two sequencing technologies used resulted in 97% concordance. Alpha and beta diversity indices were significant, mainly for dogs; there was an interesting index of coinfection events in the analyzed samples: different Leishmania species and the simultaneous presence of T. cruzi and even T. rangeli in one of the samples analyzed. Moreover, a low presence of L. braziliensis was observed in samples from wild mammals. Interestingly, to our knowledge, this is the first report of Leishmania detection in Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (capybara) in Colombia.

Conclusions

The Hsp70 fragment used in this study is an optimal molecular marker for trypanosomatid identification in many hosts and allows the identification of different species in the same sample when amplicon-based sequencing is used. However, the use of this fragment for molecular diagnosis through conventional PCR should be carefully interpreted because of this same capacity to identify several parasites. This point is of pivotal importance in highly endemic countries across South America because of the co-circulation of different genera from the Trypanosomatidae family. The findings show an interesting starting point for One Health approaches in which coevolution and vector-host interactions can be studied.

Graphical Abstract
Low disease activity of microscopic polyangiitis in patients with anti-myosin light chain 6 antibody that disrupts actin rearrangement necessary for neutrophil extracellular trap formation
Authors: Yoshinari Miku , Nishibata Yuka , Masuda Sakiko , Nakazawa Daigo , Tomaru Utano , Arimura Yoshihiro , Amano Koichi , Yuzawa Yukio , Sada Ken-Ei , Atsumi Tatsuya , Dobashi Hiroaki , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Harigai Masayoshi , Matsuo Seiichi , Makino Hirofumi , Ishizu Akihiro
Published: December 2022

Background

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are critically involved in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) pathogenesis, and some patients with MPA possess anti-NET antibody (ANETA). Anti-myosin light chain 6 (MYL6) antibody is an ANETA that affects NETs. This study aimed to determine the significance of anti-MYL6 antibody in MPA.

Methods

The influence of anti-MYL6 antibody on NET formation and actin rearrangement necessary for NET formation was assessed by fluorescent staining. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established to detect serum anti-MYL6 antibody, and the prevalence of this antibody in MPA was determined. Furthermore, the disease activity and response to remission-induction therapy of MPA were compared between anti-MYL6 antibody-positive and anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients.

Results

Anti-MYL6 antibody disrupted G-actin polymerization into F-actin, suppressing phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced NET formation. Serum anti-MYL6 antibody was detected in 7 of 59 patients with MPA. The Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) of anti-MYL6 antibody-positive MPA patients was significantly lower than anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients. Among the nine BVAS evaluation items, the cutaneous, cardiovascular, and nervous system scores of anti-MYL6 antibody-positive MPA patients were significantly lower than anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients, although other items, including the renal and chest scores, were equivalent between the two groups. The proportion of patients with remission 6 months after initiation of remission-induction therapy in anti-MYL6 antibody-positive MPA patients was significantly higher than in anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients.

Conclusions

Collective findings suggested that anti-MYL6 antibody disrupted actin rearrangement necessary for NET formation and could reduce the disease activity of MPA.
A fast continuous time approach with time scaling for nonsmooth convex optimization
Authors: Boţ Radu Ioan , Karapetyants Mikhail A.
Published: December 2022

In a Hilbert setting, we study the convergence properties of the second order in time dynamical system combining viscous and Hessian-driven damping with time scaling in relation to the minimization of a nonsmooth and convex function. The system is formulated in terms of the gradient of the Moreau envelope of the objective function with a time-dependent parameter. We show fast convergence rates for the Moreau envelope, its gradient along the trajectory, and also for the system velocity. From here, we derive fast convergence rates for the objective function along a path which is the image of the trajectory of the system through the proximal operator of the first. Moreover, we prove the weak convergence of the trajectory of the system to a global minimizer of the objective function. Finally, we provide multiple numerical examples illustrating the theoretical results.
Quantifying “local food” online and social media in the United States for 2018–2021
Authors: Jung Jinho , Tao Jingjing , Widmar Nicole Olynk
Published: December 2022

Background

Interest in local food has been growing, driven by increased attention from consumers, supporting policies, and interest in offering supply by local producers. Nonetheless, a definition of “local food” remains elusive, varying with purposes, geographies, and perceptions. This study quantifies online media mentioning local food in 2018–2021 using online and social media listening and analytics. In addition, a sub-search devoted to local food security and access was conducted due to a high proportion of mentions devoted to food security in the initial search. Variations in mentions and net sentiment quantified for individual US states are also presented.

Results

The local food pantry sub-search arose after finding a large share of the general local food media was referencing local food access rather than production or other topics. The interest in local food access was more apparent during crises periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, during which even a larger portion of mentions are devoted to the local food pantry sub-search topic. Mentions quantified from the sub-search are mostly expressing concerns about worsened food insecurity during the pandemic and encouraging others to do things like donate food to local pantries.

Conclusions

Online and social media can play an important role towards active communication in local communities on topics, such as food availability and access. In addition, online media can facilitate more efficient emergency management.
Circadian phase advances in children during camping life according to the natural light-dark cycle
Authors: Eto Taisuke , Kitamura Shingo , Nishimura Kana , Takeoka Kota , Nishimura Yuki , Lee Sang-il , Ohashi Michihiro , Shikano Akiko , Noi Shingo , Higuchi Shigekazu
Published: December 2022

Background

It is known that the circadian rhythm phase in adults can be advanced in a natural light-dark cycle without electrical lighting. However, the effect of advanced sleep-wake timing according to the natural light-dark cycle on children’s circadian phase is unclear. We investigated the effects of approximately 2 weeks of camping life with little access to artificial lighting on children’s circadian phases. We also conducted an exploratory examination on the effects of wake time according to natural sunrise time on the manner of the advance of their circadian phases.

Methods

Twenty-one healthy children (mean ± SD age, 10.6 ± 1.4 years) participated in a camping program with wake time (4:00) being earlier than sunrise time (EW condition), and 21 healthy children (10.4 ± 1.1 years) participated in a camping program with wake time (5:00) being almost matched to sunrise time (SW condition). Salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) before the camping program and that after approximately 2 weeks of camping were compared.

Results

DLMO was advanced by approximately 2 h after the camping program compared with the circadian phase in daily life in both conditions. In addition, the advances in DLMO were significantly correlated with mid-sleep points before the camp in both conditions (EW: r = 0.72, p < 0.01, SW: r = 0.70, p < 0.01). These correlations mean that the phase advance was greater for the children with delayed sleep habits in daily life. Furthermore, in the EW condition, mean DLMO after the camp (18:09 ± 0:33 h) was earlier than natural sunset time and there was no significant decrease in interindividual variability in DLMO. On the other hand, in the SW condition, mean DLMO after the camp (18:43 ± 0:20 h) matched natural sunset time and interindividual variability in DLMO was significantly lower than that before the camp.

Conclusions

Camping with advanced sleep and wake timing under natural sunlight advances children’s circadian phases. However, DLMO earlier than sunset in an early waking condition may lead to large interindividual variability in the circadian rhythm phase.
Towards a deep learning-based outlier detection approach in the context of streaming data
Authors: Hassan Asmaa F. , Barakat Sherif , Rezk Amira
Published: December 2022

Uncommon observations that significantly vary from the norm are referred to as outliers. Outlier detection, which aims to detect unexpected behavior, is a critical topic that has attracted significant attention in a wide range of research areas and application domains, including video surveillance, network intrusion detection, disease outbreak detection, and others. Deep learning-based techniques for outlier detection have currently outperformed machine learning and shallow approaches on streaming data, which are big and complicated datasets. Despite the fact that deep learning has been successfully applied in a variety of application domains, developing an effective and appropriate model is a difficult task due to the dynamic nature and variations of real-world applications and data. Hence, this research proposes a novel deep learning model based on a deep neural network (DNN) to handle the outlier detection problem in the context of streaming data. The proposed DNN model is developed with multiple hidden layers to improve feature abstraction and capabilities. Extensive experiments performed on four real-world outlier benchmark datasets, available at the UCI repository, and comparisons to state-of-the-art approaches are used to evaluate the proposed model's performance. Experiment results demonstrate that it outperforms both machine learning algorithms and deep learning competitors, resulting in significant performance gains. Particularly, when compared to other algorithms, the evaluation results clearly demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed approach, with much higher accuracy, recall and f1-score rates of 99.63%, 99.014% and 99.437%, respectively.
Extending the clinical capabilities of short- and long-lived positron-emitting radionuclides through high sensitivity PET/CT
Authors: van Sluis Joyce , Borra Ronald , Tsoumpas Charalampos , van Snick Johannes H. , Roya Mostafa , ten Hove Dik , Brouwers Adrienne H. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , Noordzij Walter , Dierckx Rudi A.J.O. , Slart Riemer H.J.A. , Glaudemans Andor W.J.M.
Published: December 2022

This review describes the main benefits of using long axial field of view (LAFOV) PET in clinical applications. As LAFOV PET is the latest development in PET instrumentation, many studies are ongoing that explore the potentials of these systems, which are characterized by ultra-high sensitivity. This review not only provides an overview of the published clinical applications using LAFOV PET so far, but also provides insight in clinical applications that are currently under investigation. Apart from the straightforward reduction in acquisition times or administered amount of radiotracer, LAFOV PET also allows for other clinical applications that to date were mostly limited to research, e.g., dual tracer imaging, whole body dynamic PET imaging, omission of CT in serial PET acquisition for repeat imaging, and studying molecular interactions between organ systems. It is expected that this generation of PET systems will significantly advance the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging.
Regional zonation based on seismic vulnerability using local site effect analysis and potential damage to the city of Medan (North Sumatra, Indonesia) due to earthquake
Authors: Rahayu Teguh , Nasution Zulkifli , Roesyanto  , Karnawati Dwikorita
Published: December 2022

Background

Microzonation becomes important for big cities like Medan (North Sumatra, Indonesia) as population agglomeration increases in urban areas resulting in rapid and unplanned construction. Mitigation efforts must be carried out to minimize losses arising from earthquakes, such as loss of life and environmental damage, and it can be done by analyzing seismic susceptibility and local site effects.

Purpose

This study analyzes the potential for environmental damage caused by seismic hazards in the city of Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the definition and methodology of seismic–geotechnical hazard zoning and the methodology used for making seismic hazard maps with the case study of Medan City.

Methods

While determining the zoning, microzonation measurements and environmental data parameters are involved. To obtain comprehensive results, microzonation measurements were carried out using three methods, namely the Multichannel Seismic Analysis Surface Wave (MASW), Spatial Autocorrelation (SPAC), and Horizontal-To-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) with 200 measuring points spread throughout the city of Medan. Parameter weighting values such as population, site class, seismic susceptibility, dominant period, land cover, slope, and weather class were obtained using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method.

Results

We presented the result of the survey, including the MASW, SPAC, and HVSR results. In general, medium soil and soft soil dominate almost all areas of Medan city. The estimated depth of engineering bedrock is at a depth of about 291.33 – 735.87 meters from the ground surface. The dominant period values ranged from 0.0907 s to 8.30723 s.

Conclusions

We classified Medan City (North Sumatra) into several zones, based on their seismic vulnerability using local site effect analysis and potential damage due to earthquakes. This study is necessary for future seismic hazard assessment.
A review on cell damage, viability, and functionality during 3D bioprinting
Authors: Xu He-Qi , Liu Jia-Chen , Zhang Zheng-Yi , Xu Chang-Xue
Published: December 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting fabricates 3D functional tissues/organs by accurately depositing the bioink composed of the biological materials and living cells. Even though 3D bioprinting techniques have experienced significant advancement over the past decades, it remains challenging for 3D bioprinting to artificially fabricate functional tissues/organs with high post-printing cell viability and functionality since cells endure various types of stress during the bioprinting process. Generally, cell viability which is affected by several factors including the stress and the environmental factors, such as pH and temperature, is mainly determined by the magnitude and duration of the stress imposed on the cells with poorer cell viability under a higher stress and a longer duration condition. The maintenance of high cell viability especially for those vulnerable cells, such as stem cells which are more sensitive to multiple stresses, is a key initial step to ensure the functionality of the artificial tissues/organs. In addition, maintaining the pluripotency of the cells such as proliferation and differentiation abilities is also essential for the 3D-bioprinted tissues/organs to be similar to native tissues/organs. This review discusses various pathways triggering cell damage and the major factors affecting cell viability during different bioprinting processes, summarizes the studies on cell viabilities and functionalities in different bioprinting processes, and presents several potential approaches to protect cells from injuries to ensure high cell viability and functionality.
An eponymous history of the anterolateral ligament complex of the knee
Authors: Morgan Allison M. , Bi Andrew S. , Kaplan Daniel J. , Alaia Michael J. , Strauss Eric J. , Jazrawi Laith M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Recent interest has surged in the anterolateral ligament (ALL) and complex (ALC) of the knee. Its existence and role in rotary stability of the knee, particularly in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, remains a contentious and controversial topic.

Understanding the ALC

We must review our history and recognize the pioneers who pushed our understanding of the ALL forward before it was popularly recognized as a discrete structure. Additionally, given that many eponyms remain in common use related to the ALC, we must standardize our nomenclature to prevent misuse or misunderstanding of terms in the literature. In this review, modern understanding of the anterolateral ligament complex (ALC) is traced to 1829 by exploring eponymous terms first in anatomy and then in surgical technique. Understanding our history and terminology will allow us to better understand the ALC itself.

Conclusion

This review aims to provide historical context, define terminology, and provide insight into the clinical relevance of the ALC.
Genuine tripartite entanglement of W state subject to Hawking effect of a Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Wu Shu-Min , Fan Xiao-Wei , Huang Xiao-Li , Zeng Hao-Sheng
Published: December 2022

We study the genuine tripartite entanglement (GTE), one-tangle and two-tangle of W state of fermionic fields in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole. We find that, with the increase of the Hawking temperature, the GTE of W state first decreases and then tends to zero, while the GTE of GHZ state first decreases and then freezes. We also find that the Hawking effect can completely destroy the two-tangle of W state, while one-tangle first decreases and then the freezing phenomenon appears with the growth of the Hawking temperature. These results are helpful to guide us to select appropriate quantum states and quantum resources to deal with relativistic quantum information tasks.
Synthesis of TSF Donors Substituted with themeso-Dimethylethylenedithio Group: Structures and Conducting Properties of (meso-DM-BETS)2X (X− = PF6− and AsF6−)
Authors: Kinoshita Naoya , Shirahata Takashi , Naito Toshio , Misaki Yohji
Published: December 2022

Synthesis and X-ray structure analysis of TSF-based donors substituted with the meso-dimethylethylenedithio group (meso-DM-EDT-TSF and meso-DM-BETS) were successfully performed. The donor molecules in (meso-DM-BETS)2X (X− = PF6− and AsF6−) formed a dimerized face-to-face π-stack, and the packing pattern could be classified as β-type. A tight-binding band calculation suggested that the meso-DM-BETS salts have a two-dimensional Fermi surface with a wide bandwidth. Both salts exhibited metallic conductivities down to low temperatures with σr.t. = 45–46 S cm−1.
Curating and extending data for language comparison in Concepticon and NoRaRe
Authors: Tjuka Annika , Forkel Robert , List Johann-Mattis
Published: December 2022

Over the past decade, there have been several attempts to standardize cross-linguistic datasets. Since language comparison is a notoriously difficult endeavor, it requires tools that facilitate standardization and are convenient to use. The Concepticon is based on a toolkit provided for cross-linguistic comparison and offers a reference catalog for comparable concepts that appear in concept lists. While curating the Concepticon, we found that a variety of studies in distinct research fields collected information on word properties. However, until recently, no resource existed that contained these data to enable the comparison of the different word properties across languages. This gap was filled by the Database of Norms, Ratings, and Relations (NoRaRe), which is an extension of the Concepticon. Here, we present the major release of both resources - Concepticon Version 3.0 and NoRaRe Version 1.0 - which represents an important step in our data development. We show that extending and adapting the data curation workflow in Concepticon to NoRaRe is useful for the standardization of cross-linguistic datasets. In addition, combining datasets from different research fields enables studies grounded in language comparison. Concepticon and NoRaRe include lexical data for various languages, tools for test-driven data curation, and the possibility for data reuse. The first major release of NoRaRe is also accompanied by a new web application that allows convenient access to the data.
Strony Redakcyjne
Authors: Gackowski Jacek , Czyżewski Łukasz , Markiewicz Małgorzata
Published: December 2022

.....
Percolation Games
Authors: Garnier Guillaume , Ziliotto Bruno
Published: December 2022

This paper introduces a discrete-time stochastic game class on [Formula: see text], which plays the role of a toy model for the well-known problem of stochastic homogenization of Hamilton–Jacobi equations. Conditions are provided under which the n-stage game value converges as n tends to infinity, and connections with homogenization theory are discussed.

Funding: The second author acknowledges the support of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [Grant ANR-21-CE40-0020] (CONVERGENCE project).
Association of Vascular Endothelial Cell with Aging: The Role of Dietary Pattern and Health Functional Food
Authors: Kwon Yuri , Park Hee-Jung
Published: December 2022

The endothelium, a continuous monolayer of cells that surrounds blood vessels, has a variety of physiological roles. Chronic exposure to psychological and physical stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation activates the endothelial signaling cascade, resulting in vascular dysfunction such as vasospasm, thrombosis, and abnormal vascular proliferation. Aging is also a significant factor in vascular dysfunction, mainly developing structural and functional changes in the endothelium. The molecules involved in endothelial dysfunction are typically angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), Tie2, and tight junction proteins. Ang-1, an oligomeric-secreted glycoprotein, is required for the correct organization and maturation of newly-formed vessels. Ang-1 binding to tyrosine kinase receptors Tie-2 leads to the phosphorylation and activation of multiple signaling pathways related to vascular permeability. Endothelial junctions are another vital target of Tie-2 activation. Nutrition and food are closely connected with vascular dysfunction and permeability. The caloric restriction prevents age-related declines in endothelial function. Dietary patterns that prioritize moderate intake of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, and lean meats improve endothelial function in the elderly. Natural products such as Centella asiatica, Pueraria montana, and Piper retrofractum have also been shown to help inhibit endothelial dysfunction. This review provides an update on aging-related vascular dysfunction and the role of food and nutrition.
Quality Evaluation of Corni Fructus Extract Fortified Functional Jelly
Authors: Lee Jae Yeol , Baek Eun Joo , Hong Su Jung , Kim Jun Tae
Published: December 2022

Corni Fructus (CF) is a fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. and has been used as traditional oriental medicine. It has various functional qualities such as being antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, and immunity-regulating. In the current study, CF was extracted from two conventional extract solvents (distilled water (DW) and 70% ethanol) with/without high-speed homogenization (HSH) treatments. The extract was characterized by measuring the total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities. The HSH treatment significantly improved the total polyphenol content (from 28.4±0.9 mg/mL to 35.5±0.9 mg/mL), ABTS (from 59.8±0.4% to 78.4±2.7%), and DPPH radical scavenging activities (from 50.8±1.4% to 59.7±2.8%) of the DW extract and showed a level similar to that of 70% ethanol extract. The CF extracts were further used to prepare functional jelly with gelatin and other components such as pectin, fructooligosaccharide, and citric acid. The jelly’s hardness, springiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness were characterized using a texture profile analysis (TPA).
Physicochemical Characterization of Protein-Stabilized Emulsions and Their Utilization as a Fat Replacer
Authors: Kim Minhyo , Yang Geunhyuk , Lee Suyong
Published: December 2022

The physicochemical properties of the emulsions prepared with four different proteins (pea protein isolate, whey protein isolate, soy protein concentrate, and soy protein isolate) were characterized in terms of particle size, rheological property, and freeze-thaw stability, while the feasibility of the protein-stabilized emulsions as a fat replacer was evaluated. Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis showed that O/W emulsions were successfully prepared with all the proteins; however, the smallest particle size and excellent syneresis were observed in the WPI-stabilized emulsions. The use of WPI-stabilized emulsions as an alternative for shortening up to 50% level did not lead to differences in the muffin batters’ specific gravity and viscoelastic properties. After baking, the substitution of shortening with the WPI emulsions at up to 50% by weight did not significantly affect the muffins’ specific volume and texture characteristics.
Changes in Chemical Components and Antioxidant Activities of Naked Oat According to Germination Temperature and Time
Authors: Kim Suk Jung , Seon Yoo Kyung , Lee Joo Hyeong , Kang Hye Rim , Yearn Yoon-Yeul , Yang Eun Ju
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the germination characteristics, β-glucan and antioxidant contents, and antioxidant activity of naked oat according to germination temperature (20, 25, and 30°C) and time (24, 48, and 72 h). Sprout length was highest at 25°C, and the rotten degree was increased as the germination temperature and time increased. The β-glucan content of naked oat increased after 24 h of germination at all temperatures and then decreased by 72 h of germination. Total polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity increased as the germination temperature and time increased.
Pilot-Scale Malting and Malt Quality of “Hopum” for Barley Brewing Classified by the Size of the Sorting Body
Authors: Park Jiyoung , Park HyeYoung , Kim Hong-Sik , Chung Hyun-Jung , Oh Sea-Kwan
Published: December 2022

Consumer demand for imported and craft beer is increasing. Almost all the malt used by craft beer companies is imported. This study sought to develop a malting technology to expand the use of domestic barley, the main raw material for beer, and to examine its influence on the quality of domestic malt. The Hopum cultivar of beer barley was purchased and used at the Jeollanam-do Seed Management Center. A pilot-scale malting facility built by the National Institute of Crop Science was used. One sack (40 kg) of barley was sieved through screening sieves, and the barley was classified according to size (3.1, 2.8, 2.5, ≥2.2, and ≤2.2 mm), with the size-related composition being 18.1, 48.9, 23.3, 6.4, and 1.0%, respectively. The malt yields were 89.0, 87.6, 86.6, 82.2, and 76.1%, respectively. The coleoptiles elongation decreased as the barley size decreased. The protein content of malt tended to be high at small particle sizes of 2.2 mm. The soluble solid content of wort prepared from malt revealed good values of 17.4-17.5°Bx, except for 15.3°Bx for particles <2.2 mm in size. According to barley size in the malting process, these findings should be valuable quality indicators of malt.
A “Crisis of Masculinity”?: The West’s Cultural Wars in the Emerging Muslim Manosphere
Authors: Ghumkhor Sahar , Mir Hizer
Published: December 2022

This article aims to frame the emergence of a new category of thought, referred to here as “Alt-Wallah”, within the Islamicate which exists at the intersection between a supposed crisis of masculinity, the Alt Right, and Muslim men. This framing begins by looking at the various crises that abound both in Islam and in masculinity. We then introduce what Farris calls “femonationalism”, and give some reflections on the relationship between our new category of thought and this femonationalism. This new category of thought is given the name “Alt-Wallah”, and then linked to certain already existing categories of thought within the Islamicate. Other names are considered throughout the piece, as well as reasons as to why these are not adequate to describe the phenomenon in question. This is followed by an analysis of examples such as online Muslim figures Daniel Haqiqatjou, Nabeel Aziz, and others, as well as an exploration of further similarities to what is called the “fundamentalist declinist” category of thought. We then conclude with a reflection on the buffered Muslim man, and on what role the idea of the mujtahid plays in this conceptualisation of Muslim man.
Inventing Islam(ism): De-Islamization under Secular Authoritarianism in Bangladesh
Authors: Fahim Md Ashraf Aziz Ishrak
Published: December 2022

The presence of Islamism in Muslimistan necessitates a secular age, as only in a secular age does it become possible to be for or against Islam due to the decentering of Islam as the default organizing premise of Muslim societies. Within this fundamental de-Islamization or secularization of Muslim societies, further de-Islamization is made possible by secular power’s ability to dictate and even produce Islam, which continues to perpetually shift the meanings of secularism and Islamism in accordance with the European Enlightenment’s notion of progress. The banality and universality of secularism, and markedness and provinciality of Islam(ism), ensure that only the (perceived) absence of secularism and (perceived) presence of Islamism are felt – never the other way around. Bangladesh’s recent authoritarian turn, its social engineering during secular authoritarianism, and the recent calls for democratization – all point towards the secularist politics of de-Islamization which invents Islam(ism) in de-Islamization, and which then explains the failings of secularism through the regime and Bangladesh’s “Islamist character”. The implications include a never-ending de-Islamization process, spelling the end of the post-Islamism thesis, as post-Islamism becomes an impossible state. Secular power invents in post-Islamism a new Islamism, delaying the post-Islamist moment ad infinitum.
Photonic-based radar for distance and velocity measurement with multiformat waveforms
Authors: Ding Yujiao , Li Ming , Wu Hao , Dong Wei
Published: December 2022

A radar with multiformat waveforms is proposed to measure distance and
velocity. A dual-polarization, dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
(DP-DPMZM) is used to realize carrier-suppressed single-sideband
(CS-SSB) modulation, so the switchable down-, up-, and dual-chirp
signals, and the amplitude shift keying (ASK) signal, can be
generated. The central frequency and bandwidth of the signals are
flexible. A Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) is added for an optical
switch to realize the generation of a pulsed signal and suppress
interference in the dechirping process. A dual-drive MZM (DDMZM) is
used for the dechirping process. The key component of this radar is
that there are no filters used, which can significantly extend the
operation bandwidth. In our test, the interference frequency caused by
the CW can be suppressed. The error of the distance measurement is
less than 2 cm, and the velocity error is less than
0.180 m/s. In addition, the direction of the target can be
distinguished.
Quantum detector tomography applied to the human visual system: a feasibility study
Authors: van der Reep T. H. A. , Molenaar D. , Löffler W. , Pinto Y.
Published: December 2022

We show that quantum detector tomography can be applied to the human visual system to explore human perception of photon number states. In detector tomography, instead of using very hard-to-produce photon number states, the response of a detector to light pulses with known photon statistics of varying intensity is recorded, and a model is fitted to the experimental outcomes, thereby inferring the detector’s photon number state response. Generally, light pulses containing a Poisson-distributed number of photons are utilized, which are very easy to produce in the lab. This technique has not been explored to study the human visual system before because it usually requires a very large number of repetitions not suitable for experiments on humans. Yet, in the present study we show that detector tomography is feasible for human experiments. Assuming a simple model for this accuracy, the results of our simulations show that detector tomography is able to reconstruct the model using Bayesian inference with as few as 5000 trials. We then optimize the experimental parameters in order to maximize the probability of showing that the single-photon accuracy is above chance. As such, our study opens the road to study human perception on the quantum level.
Optical reflectance imaging reveals interlayer coupling in mechanically stacked MoS2 and WS2 bilayers
Authors: Nguyen Vu , Li Wan , Ager Joel , Xu Ke , Taylor Hayden
Published: December 2022

Optical reflectance imaging is a popular technique for characterizing 2D materials, thanks to its simplicity and speed of data acquisition. The use of this method for studying interlayer phenomena in stacked 2D layers has, however, remained limited. Here we demonstrate that optical imaging can reveal the nature of interlayer coupling in stacked MoS2 and WS2 bilayers through their observed reflectance contrast versus the substrate. Successful determination of interlayer coupling requires co-optimization of the illumination wavelength and the thickness of an underlying SiO2 film. Our observations are supported by multilayer optical calculations together with an analysis of the effect of any interlayer gap. This approach promises quick characterization of constructed 2D material systems.
Suppressing optical crosstalk for GaN/InGaN based flip-chip micro light-emitting diodes by using an air-cavity patterned sapphire substrate as a light filter
Authors: Jia Tong , Zhang Muyao , Zhang Gai , Hang Sheng , Chu Chunshuang , Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Zi-Hui
Published: December 2022

In this work, by using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D FDTD) method, the effect of conventional nano-patterned sapphire substrate (NPSS) on the optical crosstalk and the light extraction efficiency (LEE) for InGaN/GaN-based flip-chip micro light-emitting diodes (µ-LEDs) are systematically studied. We find that the conventional NPSS is not suitable for µ-LEDs. It is because the inclined mesa sidewall for µ-LEDs possesses a good scattering effect for µ-LEDs, but the introduced conventional NPSS causes part of the light be off escape cone between sapphire and air and become the guided light. To suppress the guided light and improve the optical crosstalk, a thick air layer between the n-GaN layer and the sapphire substrate can be used as a light filter to prevent the guided light from propagating into the sapphire. However, in reality, it is challenging to make the aforementioned air layer from point of fabrication view. Therefore, we propose the air-cavity patterned sapphire substrate (AC-PSS) as the light filter. Our results show that the crosstalk ratio can be decreased to the value even lower than 10%. The LEE can also be enhanced simultaneously due to combination effects of the filtering effect of the AC-PSS and the scattering effect of the inclined mesa sidewall.
Aerosol Sauter mean diameter measurement based on the light scattering response of the combined particle volume-surface area
Authors: Lin Mengxue , Ming Zhu , Li Chengkun
Published: December 2022

The relationship between the numerical of Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and aerosol distribution parameters, as well as its physical significance are lacking in detailed research. Meanwhile, existing method is not widely used for SMD accurate measurement due to many restrictions on the incident light wavelengths. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between SMDs and the mean and median values of the lognormal, normal, and Weibull distributions with different parameters. It is found that SMD can be directly used to substitute the mean particle size in lognormal distributions with slight deviations. A new method for aerosol SMD measurement with no wavelength limitation based on the light scattering response of the combined volume-surface area of particles is proposed. SMD inversion results show that this method reduces the error caused by inconsistent integration of the wavelength of incident light and particle size in existing measurements, because has no limitation on the wavelength of incident light. SMDs of N-Heptane combustion smokes measured using the developed sensor indicates that our proposed SMD measurement method effectively compensates the shortcomings of the existing method and improves the measurement accuracy, with the minimum and average errors of 8.9% and 14.78%, respectively.
Curved photonic nanojet generated by a rotating cylinder
Authors: Tang Huan , Li Renxian , Gong Shuhong , Yang Liu , Yang Lixia , Wei Bing , Zhu Zitong , Mitri F. G.
Published: December 2022

The curved photonic nanojet (CPNJ) produced due to the interaction between a dielectric circular cylinder rotating at a stable angular velocity and a plane wave is investigated. Based on this model, the optical Magnus effect of a dielectric circular cylinder is verified. And the analytical expression of both internal and external electric field are given based on the instantaneous rest-frame theory and the partial-wave series expansion method in cylindrical coordinates. The influence of the size parameter, the relative refractive index, and the rotating dimensionless parameter on the CPNJ are analyzed and discussed in numerical results. The "photonic nanojet curved" effect is highlighted, which can be used to generate the off-axis photonic nanojet (PNJ) controlling particles by adjusting the angular velocity of the dielectric cylinder. The results of this manuscript have promising application prospects in optical tweezers, particle manipulation, and optical trapping. Moreover, it also provides theoretical support for the particle spinning and generation of the off-axis CPNJ.
Guided-mode resonance sensors with ultrahigh bulk sensitivity and figure of merit assisted by a metallic layer and structural symmetry-breaking
Authors: Qian Linyong , Gu Tiancheng , Xu Shuozhe , Zhang Xin , Wang Kangni
Published: December 2022

We propose a refractive index sensor with both high bulk sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) that engages the guided-mode resonance (GMR) effect with the assistance of a metallic layer and structural symmetry-breaking in the grating layer. Owing to the existence of the metallic layer, the electric field at resonance can be reflected to the sensing environment, and enhanced bulk sensitivity is realized. Meanwhile, the full width at half maximum of the GMR mode can be decreased by increasing the asymmetrical degree of the grating, thus obtaining a high FOM which benefits the sensing resolution. A bulk refractive index sensitivity of 1076.7 nm/RIU and an FOM up to 35889 RIU-1 are achieved simultaneously. Other structural parameters such as the refractive index and fill factor of the grating are systematically discussed to optimize the sensing performance. The proposed GMR sensor with both high bulk sensitivity and FOM value has potential uses in applications with more stringent sensing requirements.
Inverse design of an on-chip optical response predictor enabled by a deep neural network
Authors: Kim Junhyeong , Neseli Berkay , Kim Jae-yong , Yoon Jinhyeong , Yoon Hyeonho , Park Hyo-hoon , Kurt Hamza
Published: December 2022

We proposed inverse-designed nanophotonic waveguide devices which have the desired optical responses in the wide band of 1450-1650 nm. The proposed devices have an ultra-compact size of just 1.5 µm × 3.0 µm and are designed on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide platform. Individual nano-pixels with dimensions of 150 nm × 150 nm were made of either silicon or silicon dioxide, and the materials for the 200 total cells were determined using a trained deep neural network. While training the two networks, the hyperparameter optimization method was applied to make the training process efficient. We then fabricated the proposed devices using a CMOS-compatible fabrication process, and experimentally verified the fabricated device performance.
Two-step calibration method of the extrinsic parameters with high accuracy for a bistatic non-orthogonal shafting laser theodolite system
Authors: Sun Zefeng , Kang Jiehu , Zhang Zhen , Feng Luyuan , Wu And Bin
Published: December 2022

Motivated by the increasing demands on the precision of 3D large-scale measurement, the extrinsic parameters calibration with high accuracy of the bistatic non-orthogonal shafting laser theodolite (N-theodolite) system is required. A two-step method is proposed to achieve the extrinsic parameters calibration with high accuracy in this paper. In the first step, by analyzing and setting the approximate emitted point during the motion of the laser axis in local space, the calculation of the initial extrinsic parameters can be simplified. In the second step, the above results are taken as the initial values of optimization, and the distances between the spatial laser points provided by PSD sensors with high accuracy in global space are used to construct the unconstrained optimal objective function. The proposed method is validated with the measurement experiment of the bistatic N-theodolite system, the average error of 3D coordinate measurement is less than 0.4 mm, and the average error of distance measurement is less than 0.3 mm within 5 m.