bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A JAM-A–tetraspanin–αvβ5 integrin complex regulates contact inhibition of locomotion
Authors: Kummer Daniel , Steinbacher Tim , Thölmann Sonja , Schwietzer Mariel Flavia , Hartmann Christian , Horenkamp Simone , Demuth Sabrina , Peddibhotla Swetha S.D. , Brinkmann Frauke , Kemper Björn , Schnekenburger Jürgen , Brandt Matthias , Betz Timo , Liashkovich Ivan , Kouzel Ivan U. , Shahin Victor , Corvaia Nathalie , Rottner Klemens , Tarbashevich Katsiaryna , Raz Erez , Greune Lilo , Schmidt M. Alexander , Gerke Volker , Ebnet Klaus
Published: March 2022

Contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) is a process that regulates cell motility upon collision with other cells. Improper regulation of CIL has been implicated in cancer cell dissemination. Here, we identify the cell adhesion molecule JAM-A as a central regulator of CIL in tumor cells. JAM-A is part of a multimolecular signaling complex in which tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 link JAM-A to αvβ5 integrin. JAM-A binds Csk and inhibits the activity of αvβ5 integrin-associated Src. Loss of JAM-A results in increased activities of downstream effectors of Src, including Erk1/2, Abi1, and paxillin, as well as increased activity of Rac1 at cell–cell contact sites. As a consequence, JAM-A-depleted cells show increased motility, have a higher cell–matrix turnover, and fail to halt migration when colliding with other cells. We also find that proper regulation of CIL depends on αvβ5 integrin engagement. Our findings identify a molecular mechanism that regulates CIL in tumor cells and have implications on tumor cell dissemination.
Material properties of phase-separated TFEB condensates regulate the autophagy-lysosome pathway
Authors: Wang Zheng , Chen Di , Guan Dongshi , Liang Xiaobo , Xue Jianfeng , Zhao Hongyu , Song Guangtao , Lou Jizhong , He Yan , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2022

Very little is known about how the material properties of protein condensates assembled via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) are maintained and affect physiological functions. Here we show that liquid-like condensates of the transcription factor TFEB exhibit low fusion propensity in vitro and in living cells. We directly measured the attraction force between droplets, and we characterized the interfacial tension, viscosity, and elasticity of TFEB condensates. TFEB condensates contain rigid interfacial boundaries that govern their interaction behaviors. Several small molecules, including Ro-3306, modify the material properties of TFEB condensates, increasing their size and fusion propensity. These compounds promote lysosomal biogenesis and function in a TFEB-dependent manner without changing its cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation. Ro-3306 promotes autophagy activity, facilitating degradation of toxic protein aggregates. Our study helps explain how protein condensates are maintained as physically separate entities and reveals that the material properties of TFEB condensates can be harnessed to modulate TFEB activity.
Measurement and suppression of magnetic field noise of trapped ion qubit
Authors: Wei Wenzhe , Hao Peng , Ma Zhiyu , Zhang Huixing , Pang Liren , Wu Fangfei , Deng Ke , Zhang Jie , Lu Zehuang
Published: March 2022

Magnetic field noise is an important factor causing quantum decoherence in quantum systems. In order to suppress the decoherence effect, magnetic field noise needs to be properly measured and controlled. Magnetic field noise power spectrum measurement using a single trapped ion based quantum spectrum analyzer is a very effective way. In this paper, the magnetic field noise measurement based on dynamic decoupling technique is analyzed theoretically. Furthermore, we use magnetically insensitive transition to measure the magnetic field noise, which has the potential to measure stronger magnetic field noise and speed up the measurement process. In our experiment, we suppress the magnetic field noise by using active feedback control and passive compensation, where the required passive compensation amplitude is obtained by measuring the magnetic field noise spectrum of a single 25Mg+ ion. With the magnetic field noise suppressed, the expected contribution of the magnetic field noise to the stability of the 25Mg+–27Al+ ion optical clock can be decreased from

2.8
×
1

0

−
15

/

τ

to

7.2
×
1

0

−
16

/

τ

.
Novel polymerization of nitrogen in zinc nitrides at high pressures
Authors: Du Huifang , Guo Wei
Published: March 2022

Nitrogen-rich compounds containing polynitrogen are attractive candidates for high-energy-density materials. In this work, using first-principles calculations and a particle swarm optimization structural search method, four novel nitrogen-rich structures are predicted at high pressures, i.e., two ZnN3 phases with the same space group P1 (low-pressure phase LP-ZnN3 and high-pressure phase HP-ZnN3), Cmm2-ZnN5 and Pcc2-ZnN6, the energy density are estimated to be 1.41 kJ g−1, 1.88 kJ g−1, 4.07 kJ g−1, and 2.60 kJ g−1, respectively. LP-ZnN3 (54–72 GPa) and HP-ZnN3 (above 72 GPa) have the lowest enthalpies in all known ZnN3 phases, and the N6 chains in LP-ZnN3 polymerize into infinite nitrogen chains in HP-ZnN3 at 72 GPa, showing a narrow-band-gap-semiconductor to metallic phase transition. Interestingly, P1-ZnN3 has a superconducting transition temperature of 6.2 K at 50 GPa and 16.3 K at 100 GPa. In Cmm2-ZnN5 and Pcc2-ZnN6, nitrogen atoms polymerize into three-dimensional network structures and network layers under high pressures. Those predicted structures may enrich the phase diagram of high-pressure zinc nitrides, and provide clues for synthesis and exploration of novel stable polymeric nitrogen.
Mechanical characterization of reinforced vertically-aligned carbon nanotube array synthesized by shock-induced partial phase transition: insight from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Edalatmanesh Alireza , Mahnama Maryam , Feghhi Fatemeh , Mashhadi Mahmoud Mosavi
Published: March 2022

Despite intriguing mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), vertically-aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) array does not possess a high strength against compression along the CNT axis and also the loadings perpendicular to the CNT axis. Here in this study, shock compression is introduced as a means for partial phase transition (PPT) in the VACNT array to reinforce the structure against the mentioned loadings. Molecular dynamics simulations are exploited to investigate the synthesis of a novel nanostructure from a VACNT array with 10 nm long (5, 5) CNTs. Employing Hugoniostat method, shockwave pressures of 6.6 GPa and 55 GPa are extracted from Hugoniot curves as the instability limit and the PPT point, respectively. Coordination analysis reveals the nucleation of carbon atoms in sp3 hybridization while preserving the dominant nature of CNT due to the high percent of sp2 hybridization. Recovery of the shocked samples yields the final structure to be tested for mechanical characteristics. Tensile and compression tests on the samples reveal that for the shockwave pressures below the PPT point, an increase of the shock strength leads to higher compliance in the VACNT array. However, beyond the PPT point the novel nanostructure shows an extraordinary strong behavior against loading along all directions.
Peak-tracking scanning capacitance force microscopy with multibias modulation technique
Authors: Fukuzawa Ryota , Takahashi Takuji
Published: March 2022

Scanning capacitance force microscopy (SCFM) is a good method for capacitance measurements using electrostatic force detection. However, to obtain an entire capacitance–voltage (C–V) curve by SCFM, a sweep of a direct current (DC) bias voltage is required at a certain fixed point on a sample surface during scan suspension, and thus the measurements become very time-consuming when we want to observe some types of image related with C–V characteristics. In this paper, we propose peak-tracking scanning capacitance force microscopy (PTSCFM) for the purpose of extracting the main feature of the C–V curve without DC voltage sweep. In PT-SCFM, alternating current voltages at three different angular frequencies, ω
1, ω
2, and

ω

m

, are applied together with DC voltage,

V

D
C

, to generate an electrostatic force, and high-order components at the angular frequencies of

ω
2

−
2

ω
1

and

ω
2

−
2

ω
1

−

ω

m

, which represent a voltage derivative of a capacitance (

∂
C

/

∂
V

) and a second-order derivative of the capacitance (

∂
2

C

/

∂

V
2

), respectively, are extracted from the electrostatic force. Then, a DC voltage,

V

p

, giving the peak of

∂
C

/

∂
V

is determined from

V

D
C

to be adjusted to nullify the

ω
2

−
2

ω
1

−

ω

m

component using a feedback controller. From the obtained values of

V

p

and

∂
C

/

∂
V

at

V

p

, the C–V curve can be outlined. In PT-SCFM, the distributions of those values are simultaneously imaged together with a topography without

V

D
C

sweep, and when we operate PT-SCFM under various modulation frequency conditions, analyses similar to those based on the frequency dependence of the C–V property are realized. We have applied the PT-SCFM to a microcrystalline

C
u
(
I
n
,
G
a
)
S

e
2

material to discuss the effects of surface depletion and deep-level states, from which the validity of PT-SCFM has been examined.
Protein adsorption onto nanomaterials engineered for theranostic applications
Authors: Nienhaus Karin , Xue Yumeng , Shang Li , Nienhaus Gerd Ulrich
Published: March 2022

The key role of biomolecule adsorption onto engineered nanomaterials for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes has been well recognized by the nanobiotechnology community, and our mechanistic understanding of nano-bio interactions has greatly advanced over the past decades. Attention has recently shifted to gaining active control of nano-bio interactions, so as to enhance the efficacy of nanomaterials in biomedical applications. In this review, we summarize progress in this field and outline directions for future development. First, we briefly review fundamental knowledge about the intricate interactions between proteins and nanomaterials, as unraveled by a large number of mechanistic studies. Then, we give a systematic overview of the ways that protein-nanomaterial interactions have been exploited in biomedical applications, including the control of protein adsorption for enhancing the targeting efficiency of nanomedicines, the design of specific protein adsorption layers on the surfaces of nanomaterials for use as drug carriers, and the development of novel nanoparticle array-based sensors based on nano-bio interactions. We will focus on particularly relevant and recent examples within these areas. Finally, we conclude this topical review with an outlook on future developments in this fascinating research field.
Switching-behavior improvement in HfO2/ZnO bilayer memory devices by tailoring of interfacial and microstructural characteristics
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lei Jianzhang , Dai Yixian , Zhang Xuehua , Kang Limin , Peng Bowen , Hu Fangren
Published: March 2022

We investigated the effect of top contact interface and microstructural characteristics of the insulating layers on resistive switching behaviors by fabricating and characterizing the HfO2/ZnO bilayer heterostructures. Different thickness of ZnO underlying layer and different deposition temperatures of the upper HfO2 layer were designed to analyze the intrinsic contribution of the crystalline microstructure of the insulating bilayer. Pt and Ti top electrodes were used to demonstrate the extrinsic contribution of the interface configuration. It was observed that all devices show bipolar RS characteristics. Unlike the device composed of Pt/HfO2/ZnO/Pt that exhibit an abrupt switching, a gradually continuous switching in the reset process was identified in the device composed of Ti/HfO2/ZnO/Pt. Interfacial charge migration process/characteristic plays a key role in the RS process as well as its conduction mechanism. The RS performance of the former is significantly better than that of the latter, including much lower reset voltage, two orders of magnitude larger OFF/ON ratio and HRS resistance. In addition, as compared to the intrinsic contribution arising from the microstructure of the HfO2/ZnO bilayer to the RS performances and current transport mechanism, the extrinsic effect contributed from the electrode characteristics (and its interface) is dominant.
Boron nitride nanosheets supported highly homogeneous bimetallic AuPd alloy nanoparticles catalyst for hydrogen production from formic acid
Authors: Shaybanizadeh Shahram , Najafi Chermahini Alireza , Luque Rafael
Published: March 2022

Formic acid (FA) has been recently regarded as a safe and stable source of hydrogen (H2). Selective and efficient dehydrogenation of FA by an effective catalyst under mild conditions is still a challenge. So, different molar ratios of bimetallic Pd–Au alloy nanoparticles were effectively stabilized and uniformly distributed on boron nitride nanosheets (BNSSs) surface via the precipitation process. Obtained catalysts were employed in FA decomposition for H2 production. Pd–Au@BNNS containing 3% Au and 5% Pd (Au.03Pd.05@BNNS) exhibited high activity and 100% H2 selectivity for H2 production from FA at 50 °C. In order to optimize the reaction conditions, various factors including, time, temperature, solvent, base type, and amount of catalyst, were examined.
Platinum nanoparticle sensitized plasmonic-enhanced broad spectral photodetection in large area vertical-aligned MoS2 flakes
Authors: Wadhwa Riya , Ghosh Anupam , Kumar Deepu , Kumar Pradeep , Kumar Mukesh
Published: March 2022

2D MoS2 holds immense potential for electronic and optoelectronic applications due to its unique characteristics. However, the atomic-scale thickness of MoS2 hinders the optical absorbance, thereby limiting its photodetection capability. Vertically-aligned MoS2 (VA-MoS2) has an advantage of strong optical absorption and quick intra-layer transport, offering high speed operation. The coupling of plasmonic metal nanostructure with MoS2 can further enhance the light–matter interaction. Pt/Pd (as opposed to Ag/Au) are more promising to design next-generation nano-plasmonic devices due to their intense interband activity over a broad spectral range. Herein, we report Pt nanoparticle (NPs) enhanced broadband photoresponse in VA-MoS2. The optical absorbance of MoS2 is enhanced after the integration of Pt NPs, with a four-fold enhancement in photocurrent. The formation of Schottky junction at Pt-MoS2 interface inhibits electron transmission, suppressing the dark current and substantially reducing NEP. The plasmonic-enabled photodetector shows enhanced responsivity (432 A W−1, 800 nm) and detectivity (1.85 × 1014 Jones, 5 V) with a low response time (87 ms/84 ms), attributed to faster carrier transport. Additionally, a theoretical approach is adopted to calculate wavelength-dependent responsivity, which matches well with experimental results. These findings offer a facile approach to modulate the performance of next-generation optoelectronic devices for practical applications.
Attosecond spectroscopy for the investigation of ultrafast dynamics in atomic, molecular and solid-state physics
Authors: Borrego-Varillas Rocío , Lucchini Matteo , Nisoli Mauro
Published: March 2022

Since the first demonstration of the generation of attosecond pulses (1 as = 10−18 s) in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral region, several measurement techniques have been introduced, at the beginning for the temporal characterization of the pulses, and immediately after for the investigation of electronic and nuclear ultrafast dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids with unprecedented temporal resolution. The attosecond spectroscopic tools established in the last two decades, together with the development of sophisticated theoretical methods for the interpretation of the experimental outcomes, allowed to unravel and investigate physical processes never observed before, such as the delay in photoemission from atoms and solids, the motion of electrons in molecules after prompt ionization which precede any notable nuclear motion, the temporal evolution of the tunneling process in dielectrics, and many others. This review focused on applications of attosecond techniques to the investigation of ultrafast processes in atoms, molecules and solids. Thanks to the introduction and ongoing developments of new spectroscopic techniques, the attosecond science is rapidly moving towards the investigation, understanding and control of coupled electron–nuclear dynamics in increasingly complex systems, with ever more accurate and complete investigation techniques. Here we will review the most common techniques presenting the latest results in atoms, molecules and solids.
Wave–particle complementarity: detecting violation of local realism with photon-number resolving weak-field homodyne measurements
Authors: Das Tamoghna , Karczewski Marcin , Mandarino Antonio , Markiewicz Marcin , Woloncewicz Bianka , Żukowski Marek
Published: March 2022

Nowadays photon-number resolving weak-field homodyne measurements allow realization of emblematic gedankenexperiments revealing correlations of optical fields. This covers experiments on (a) excitation of a pair of spatial modes by a single photon, and (b) two spatial modes in a weakly squeezed vacuum state, involving constant local oscillator strengths. Proving Bell nonclassicality of such correlations demands measurements of complementary observables. We show that typical arrangement of weak-field homodyne detection with measurement settings defined by phases of local oscillators of constant strength does not provide enough complementarity for confirming Bell nonclassicality. In the case of experiment (a) we provide an exact local hidden variable model restoring all quantum probabilities, whereas in the case of experiment (b) we show that the claims of its nonclassicality are unfounded. A full complementarity of wave aspects vs particle (number) can be achieved in a measurement situation in which respectively the local oscillators are on or off. This is shown to lead to an operational scenario, in the case of both experiments (a) and (b), which reveals indisputable violations of local realism. Such schemes may find possible applications in device-independent quantum protocols.
Few-femtosecond resolved imaging of laser-driven nanoplasma expansion
Authors: Peltz C , Powell J A , Rupp P , Summers A , Gorkhover T , Gallei M , Halfpap I , Antonsson E , Langer B , Trallero-Herrero C , Graf C , Ray D , Liu Q , Osipov T , Bucher M , Ferguson K , Möller S , Zherebtsov S , Rolles D , Rühl E , Coslovich G , Coffee R N , Bostedt C , Rudenko A , Kling M F , Fennel T
Published: March 2022

The free expansion of a planar plasma surface is a fundamental non-equilibrium process relevant for various fields but as-yet experimentally still difficult to capture. The significance of the associated spatiotemporal plasma motion ranges from astrophysics and controlled fusion to laser machining, surface high-harmonic generation, plasma mirrors, and laser-driven particle acceleration. Here, we show that x-ray coherent diffractive imaging can surpass existing approaches and enables the quantitative real-time analysis of the sudden free expansion of laser-heated nanoplasmas. For laser-ionized SiO2 nanospheres, we resolve the formation of the emerging nearly self-similar plasma profile evolution and expose the so far inaccessible shell-wise expansion dynamics including the associated startup delay and rarefaction front velocity. Our results establish time-resolved diffractive imaging as an accurate quantitative diagnostic platform for tracing and characterizing plasma expansion and indicate the possibility to resolve various laser-driven processes including shock formation and wave-breaking phenomena with unprecedented resolution.
Strong ensemble nonequivalence in systems with local constraints
Authors: Zhang Qi , Garlaschelli Diego
Published: March 2022

The asymptotic equivalence of canonical and microcanonical ensembles is a central concept in statistical physics, with important consequences for both theoretical research and practical applications. However, this property breaks down under certain circumstances. The most studied violation of ensemble equivalence requires phase transitions, in which case it has a ‘restricted’ (i.e. confined to a certain region in parameter space) but ‘strong’ (i.e. characterized by a difference between the entropies of the two ensembles that is of the same order as the entropies themselves) form. However, recent research on networks has shown that the presence of an extensive number of local constraints can lead to ensemble nonequivalence (EN) even in the absence of phase transitions. This occurs in a ‘weak’ (i.e. leading to a subleading entropy difference) but remarkably ‘unrestricted’ (i.e. valid in the entire parameter space) form. Here we look for more general manifestations of EN in arbitrary ensembles of matrices with given margins. These models have widespread applications in the study of spatially heterogeneous and/or temporally nonstationary systems, with consequences for the analysis of multivariate financial and neural time-series, multi-platform social activity, gene expression profiles and other big data. We confirm that EN appears in ‘unrestricted’ form throughout the entire parameter space due to the extensivity of local constraints. Surprisingly, at the same time it can also exhibit the ‘strong’ form. This novel, simultaneously ‘strong and unrestricted’ form of nonequivalence is very robust and imposes a principled choice of the ensemble. We calculate the proper mathematical quantities to be used in real-world applications.
Effect of vanadium doping on the structural and optical characteristics of nano ZnCdS
Authors: Heiba Zein K , Mohamed Mohamed Bakr , Badawi Ali
Published: March 2022

Nano Zn0.75-xCd0.25VxS (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, step 0.05) samples were formed by the molten salt solid state reaction method at low temperature. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction phase identification revealed biphasic ZnS structure for all samples, cubic zinc blende and hexagonal wurtzite. Rietveld analysis was applied to determine the effect of V-doping on the percentage of each phase and their structural and microstructural parameters. The existence of V ions in the Zn0.75Cd0.25S (ZnCdS) lattice is confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. Utilizing the UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the effect of V-doping on the absorption, reflectance, refractive index, extinction coefficient and electric properties of ZnCdS were studied in detail. The optical bandgap (Eg) significantly decreased from 2.82 eV for zero V-doping to 2.55 eV for x = 0.2. Also, the refractive index decreased sharply in the wavelength region 450–900 nm. ZnCdS sample has anomalous dispersion behavior while the doped samples have anomalous and normal dispersion features. The photoluminescence intensity and emitted colors in the UV and visible regions were affected by the amount of doping.
PicSat’s Enduring Legacy. Probing the Flight of a Small Astronomical Satellite
Authors: Menegaldo Cauê G. , de O. Fialho Fábio , Janot-Pacheco Eduardo , Pait Felipe M. , Lapeyrère Vincent
Published: March 2022

Observation of planetary transits and other cutting-edge scientific missions can take advantage of affordable nanosatellites to probe interesting stellar targets. PicSat, a CubeSat dedicated to observing the Beta Pictoris star system, was designed to provide high-precision star pointing, a critical requirement for planetary transit detection. PicSat’s Attitude Determination and Control System, responsible for delivering high-accuracy spacecraft pointing, requires dedicated development based on dynamic simulators. This paper presents a dynamic attitude and orbit propagation simulator for CubeSats in low Earth orbit, as well as for its de-tumbling mode. Validation has been performed through PicSat’s in-flight data. High-precision dynamic models have been obtained for both attitude and orbit. Such models are well suited to the different mission phases, from spacecraft design to data exploitation. It is, therefore, a crucial tool to minimize the chance of failure of both the platform and the payload, especially in satellites such as PicSat, whose pointing depends on both. PicSat left an enduring legacy: its platform data allow us to obtain flight models that will be valuable for future missions.
First uncertainty evaluation of the cesium fountain primary frequency standard NMIJ-F2
Authors: Takamizawa Akifumi , Yanagimachi Shinya , Hagimoto Ken
Published: March 2022

We report the first uncertainty evaluation of NMIJ-F2, the second atomic fountain primary frequency standard at the National Metrology Institute of Japan. To improve the frequency stability, we increase the number of detected atoms to 9 × 105 using high-power cooling laser beams for vapor-loaded optical molasses and optical pumping into the Zeeman sublevel m
F = 0. We also employ an ultra-stable cryogenic sapphire oscillator as a local oscillator to prevent the degradation of frequency stability due to the Dick effect. After correcting the collisional frequency shift by alternating atom densities, the frequency stability typically reaches 2.5 × 10−13(τ/s)−1/2. Its value is 1.9 × 10−16 after 20 days of measurement. Type B uncertainty is typically evaluated at 4.7 × 10−16; the largest contribution is from a distributed cavity phase shift, followed by a microwave leakage shift. In long-term comparison, the frequency of NMIJ-F2 is found to be consistent with that of the other primary and secondary frequency standards within the uncertainty.
Diffusion-mediated absorption by partially-reactive targets: Brownian functionals and generalized propagators
Authors: Bressloff Paul C
Published: March 2022

Many processes in cell biology involve diffusion in a domain Ω that contains a target

U

whose boundary

∂
U

is a chemically reactive surface. Such a target could represent a single reactive molecule, an intracellular compartment or a whole cell. Recently, a probabilistic framework for studying diffusion-mediated surface reactions has been developed that considers the joint probability density or generalized propagator for particle position and the so-called boundary local time. The latter characterizes the amount of time that a Brownian particle spends in the neighborhood of a point on a totally reflecting boundary. The effects of surface reactions are then incorporated via an appropriate stopping condition for the boundary local time. In this paper we extend the theory of diffusion-mediated absorption to cases where the whole interior target domain

U

acts as a partial absorber rather than the target boundary

∂
U

. Now the particle can freely enter and exit

U

, and is only able to react (be absorbed) within

U

. The appropriate Brownian functional is then the occupation time (accumulated time that the particle spends within

U

) rather than the boundary local time. We show that both cases can be considered within a unified framework, which consists of a boundary value problem (BVP) for the propagator of the corresponding Brownian functional and an associated stopping condition. We illustrate the theory by calculating the mean first passage time (MFPT) for a spherical target

U

located at the center of a spherical domain Ω. This is achieved by solving the propagator BVP directly, rather than using spectral methods. We find that if the first moment of the stopping time density is infinite, then the MFPT is also infinite, that is, the spherical target is not sufficiently absorbing.
Prospect for Designing Wearable Devices for Children’s Asthma Attack Detection Based on Internet of Things and Cloud Computing
Authors: Wicaksono A. I. , Sahtyawan R , Hariyadi D , Nastiti F E
Published: March 2022

Indonesia’s geographical location as an archipelago makes this country has a humid tropical climate. This climate will affect asthmatics. Asthma attacks a patient suddenly, this is very dangerous especially if the patient is a child. Before attacking usually, asthma will react to the body with the characteristics of changes in breathing frequency, pulse frequency, mild, severe, even to the point of stopping breathing. Asthma attacks will be very dangerous for children who are not under the supervision of their parents (being in school for example). It can be imagined if asthma with severe clusters aims. The purpose of this study is to propose the design of wearable-type devices used in children at home to facilitate monitoring of asthma attacks through the internet network.
Enhancing the flexural load capacity of the reinforced concrete beams using Dramix 3D 80/60 BG steel fibres
Authors: Noorhidana V A , Isneini M , Putra A M
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding Dramix 3D 80/60 BG steel fibres to the reinforced concrete beams experimentally. The main specimens were 6 reinforced concrete beams (dimension of 150 x 180 x 1700 mm) with a variety of the flexural reinforcement (i.e. 2D6, 2D10 and 3D10) and the fibre volume fraction (i.e. 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%). The concrete compressive strength was 25 MPa, no superplasticizer was added in the concrete mix. The test set-up of the beam specimen is, the beam was simply supports at the distance of 1500mm, 2 concentrated loads gradually were applied until it collapses. During applying the loads, measurements were taken including the deflection in the mid-span of the beam, the crack propagation and crack width. The results showed that the increase of fibre content will increase the load capacity and stiffness without reducing the ductility of the reinforced concrete beams. The steel fibre volume fraction of 1% is the maximum content that can be used without using superplasticizer to maintain the workability of the fresh concrete. The addition of 0.5% steel fibre provides a similar flexural performance to the addition of one D10 (flexural reinforcement) in a reinforced concrete beam.
Fully printed and flexible multi-material electrochemical aptasensor platform enabled by selective graphene biofunctionalization
Authors: Wallace Shay Goff , Brothers Michael C , Brooks Zachary E , Rangnekar Sonal V , Lam David , Lawrence Michael J St , Rojas William A Gaviria , Putz Karl W , Kim Steve S , Hersam Mark C
Published: March 2022

The demand for flexible biochemical sensors has increased with advances in computational functionality and wireless communication. Advances in materials science and biochemistry have enabled the development and fabrication of biosensors for selective detection of biological analytes leveraging ink-printed technologies, including in flexible form-factors. However, despite these advances, minimal effort has been devoted to translating the multi-material, three-electrode electrochemical cell, which is widely regarded as the standard for laboratory-scale studies, into a flexible form-factor for use in immunosensors, especially in a manner that is compatible with rapid and scalable additive manufacturing. Here, we report a fully printed and flexible electrochemical non-enzymatic immunosensor platform that integrates four chemically compatible inks and a non-covalent, two-step biofunctionalization scheme. The robustness of the platform is demonstrated using a model aptasensor that enables lysozyme detection using both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and square wave voltammetry. The flexible, fully ink-printed aptasensor shows competitive performance to commercially available rod/disc electrodes in a bath cell. Overall, this work establishes a methodology for high-throughput fabrication of robust, flexible, multi-material, three-electrode immunosensors that can be generalized to a range of biosensor applications.
Directional mean dimension and continuum-wise expansive ℤ^{𝕜}-actions
Authors: Donoso Sebastián , Jin Lei , Maass Alejandro , Qiao Yixiao
Published: March 2022

We study directional mean dimension of

Z

k

\mathbb {Z}^k

-actions (where

k
k

is a positive integer). On the one hand, we show that there is a

Z

2

\mathbb {Z}^2

-action whose directional mean dimension (considered as a

[
0
,
+
∞
]

[0,+\infty ]

-valued function on the torus) is not continuous. On the other hand, we prove that if a

Z

k

\mathbb {Z}^k

-action is continuum-wise expansive, then the values of its

(
k
−
1
)

(k-1)

-dimensional directional mean dimension are bounded. This is a generalization (with a view towards Meyerovitch and Tsukamoto’s theorem on mean dimension and expansive multiparameter actions) of a classical result due to Mañé: Any compact metrizable space admitting an expansive homeomorphism (with respect to a compatible metric) is finite-dimensional.
From algebra to analysis: New proofs of theorems by Ritt and Seidenberg
Authors: Pavlov D. , Pogudin G. , Razmyslov Yu.
Published: March 2022

Ritt’s theorem of zeroes and Siedenberg’s embedding theorem are classical results in differential algebra allowing to connect algebraic and model-theoretic results on nonlinear PDEs to the realm of analysis. However, the existing proofs of these results use sophisticated tools from constructive algebra (characteristic set theory) and analysis (Riquier’s existence theorem).

In this paper, we give new short proofs for both theorems relying only on basic facts from differential algebra and the classical Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem for PDEs.
Ricci curvature, Bruhat graphs and Coxeter groups
Authors: Siconolfi Viola
Published: March 2022

We consider the discrete Ricci curvature for graphs as defined by Schmuckenschläger [Convex geometric analysis, MSRI Publications, 1998] and compute its value for Bruhat graphs associated to finite Coxeter groups. To do so we work with the geometric realization of a finite Coxeter group and a classical result obtained by Dyer in [Compositio Math. 78 (1991), pp. 185–191]. As an application we obtain a bound for the spectral gap of the Bruhat graph of any finite Coxeter group and an isoperimetric inequality for them. Our proofs are case-free.
Hardy spaces meet harmonic weights
Authors: Preisner Marcin , Sikora Adam , Yan Lixin
Published: March 2022

We investigate the Hardy space

H
L
1

H^1_L

associated with a self-adjoint operator 

L
L

defined in a general setting by Hofmann, Lu, Mitrea, Mitrea, and Yan [Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 214 (2011), pp. vi+78]. We assume that there exists an

L
L

-harmonic non-negative function

h
h

such that the semigroup

exp
⁡
(
−
t
L
)

\exp (-tL)

, after applying the Doob transform related to

h
h

, satisfies the upper and lower Gaussian estimates. Under this assumption we describe an illuminating characterisation of the Hardy space

H
L
1

H^1_L

in terms of a simple atomic decomposition associated with the

L
L

-harmonic function

h
h

. Our approach also yields a natural characterisation of the

B
M
O

BMO

-type space corresponding to the operator

L
L

and dual to

H
L
1

H^1_L

in the same circumstances.

The applications include surprisingly wide range of operators, such as: Laplace operators with Dirichlet boundary conditions on some domains in

R

n

{\mathbb {R}^n}

, Schrödinger operators with certain potentials, and Bessel operators.
The Role of Comparative Law in the Analysis of Judicial Behavior
Authors: Epstein Lee , Šadl Urška , Weinshall Keren
Published: March 2022

Comparing and contextualizing what judges say about the law is the job of comparative legal analysis. Studying internal and external forces that explain the judges’ choices and their societal effects is the core domain of the comparative study of judicial behavior. Although walls may seem to separate these two projects in terms of their theoretical approaches and methods, the barriers—and the obstacles—are more imagined than real.

In an effort to highlight the complementarities between the two areas of studies—and issue what amounts to a standing invitation to comparative lawyers to contribute their specialized knowledge to the analysis of judging—the Article turns first to the aspirations of the study of judicial behavior. Next, we introduce six core theories of judging, along with the methods and data used to assess their implications. Along the way, we flag opportunities for future research, emphasizing potential collaborations among all scholars with an interest in comparative legal analysis.
Determining the applicable law to the arbitration agreement in the absence of a choice of law clause under Hong Kong Law: a call for renewed internationalism
Authors: Nordlund Filip
Published: March 2022

The courts of Hong Kong have determined the governing law of the underlying contract to indicate an express, implied and no choice of the law applicable to the arbitration agreement. In determining the applicable law, the courts made no references to the New York Convention despite the fact that the provisions under Hong Kong arbitration law pursuant to which the foregoing determinations were made are based on provisions in the New York Convention and ought to be applied in conformity with the same. This article argues that the courts of Hong Kong ought to adopt the New York Convention’s conflict of laws rules in Article V(1)(a) to determine the governing law of arbitration agreements in pre- and post-award proceedings in order to enhance the alignment of Hong Kong law with the international body of arbitration law.
Mysteries and unsolved problems of mammalian fertilization and related topics
Authors: Yanagimachi Ryuzo
Published: March 2022

Mammalian fertilization is a fascinating process that leads to the formation of a new individual. Eggs and sperm are complex cells that must meet at the appropriate time and position within the female reproductive tract for successful fertilization. I have been studying various aspects of mammalian fertilization over 60 years. In this review, I discuss many different aspects of mammalian fertilization, some of my laboratory’s contribution to the field, and discuss enigmas and mysteries that remain to be solved.
Typical and disrupted brain circuitry for conscious awareness in full-term and preterm infants
Authors: Hu Huiqing , Cusack Rhodri , Naci Lorina
Published: March 2022

One of the great frontiers of consciousness science is understanding how early consciousness arises in the development of the human infant. The reciprocal relationship between the default mode network and fronto-parietal networks—the dorsal attention and executive control network—is thought to facilitate integration of information across the brain and its availability for a wide set of conscious mental operations. It remains unknown whether the brain mechanism of conscious awareness is instantiated in infants from birth. To address this gap, we investigated the development of the default mode and fronto-parietal networks and of their reciprocal relationship in neonates. To understand the effect of early neonate age on these networks, we also assessed neonates born prematurely or before term-equivalent age. We used the Developing Human Connectome Project, a unique Open Science dataset which provides a large sample of neonatal functional MRI data with high temporal and spatial resolution. Resting state functional MRI data for full-term neonates (n = 282, age 41.2 weeks ± 12 days) and preterm neonates scanned at term-equivalent age (n = 73, 40.9 weeks ± 14.5 days), or before term-equivalent age (n = 73, 34.6 weeks ± 13.4 days), were obtained from the Developing Human Connectome Project, and for a reference adult group (n = 176, 22–36 years), from the Human Connectome Project. For the first time, we show that the reciprocal relationship between the default mode and dorsal attention network was present at full-term birth or term-equivalent age. Although different from the adult networks, the default mode, dorsal attention and executive control networks were present as distinct networks at full-term birth or term-equivalent age, but premature birth was associated with network disruption. By contrast, neonates before term-equivalent age showed dramatic underdevelopment of high-order networks. Only the dorsal attention network was present as a distinct network and the reciprocal network relationship was not yet formed. Our results suggest that, at full-term birth or by term-equivalent age, infants possess key features of the neural circuitry that enables integration of information across diverse sensory and high-order functional modules, giving rise to conscious awareness. Conversely, they suggest that this brain infrastructure is not present before infants reach term-equivalent age. These findings improve understanding of the ontogeny of high-order network dynamics that support conscious awareness and of their disruption by premature birth.
Social approach and avoidance in language: N400-like ERP negativity indexes congruency and theta rhythms the conflict
Authors: Marrero Hipólito , Yagual Sara Nila , Lemus Alejandro , García-Marco Enrique , Díaz Jose Miguel , Gámez Elena , Urrutia Mabel , Beltrán David
Published: March 2022

Motivational congruency has been examined using tasks where participants perform approach or avoidance movements towards socially positive or negative faces. Language is tightly intertwined with interpersonal cognition. Thus, similar situations could be represented by means of language in interpersonal contexts: adjectives furnish valence to people (e.g. someone is cordial or arrogant), and attitudinal verbs define direction to relationship-actions: approach–avoidance (e.g. accept vs. reject). In an Electroencephalography (EEG) study, 40 participants were presented with sentences where a character was valenced (e.g. “Arthur is cordial/arrogant”) before being the target of a relationship-actions (“Grisela welcomed/ignored Arthur at the party”). We analyzed both Event-related potential (ERP) amplitude and time–frequency power in response to the attitudinal verb. For ERP amplitudes, we found a significant cluster between 280 and 370 ms, covering part of the development of a N400-like ERP component. This cluster reflects an interaction driven by congruency between motivational direction and target valence. Likewise, time–frequency power analysis revealed an enhancement of theta rhythms under incongruent conditions, most likely indexing conflict processing. Results support that relationship-actions are represented as approach and avoidance and thus involve conflict processing and resolution of incongruent situations. Implications for the interweaving of affective language and social cognition within Embodiment Simulation Theory are discussed.
Temporal changes in the histology of microscopic colitis
Authors: Sonnenberg Amnon , Genta Robert M
Published: March 2022

Background

In a subgroup of patients with microscopic colitis [MC], its histopathology changed from lymphocytic [LC] to collagenous colitis [CC] and vice versa. Previous studies have also observed histopathological transitions between MC and inflammatory bowel disease [IBD].

Aims

The aim of the present study was to analyse the prevalence of such transitions in a large population of MC patients.

Methods

The Inform Diagnostics database is an electronic repository of histopathology records of patients distributed throughout the USA. In a cross-sectional study, we analysed the prevalence of changes in MC histology. Each prevalence was expressed as the rate per 100 MC patients with its 95% Poisson confidence interval.

Results

In a total population of 29 307 MC patients, our cross-sectional study focused on a subgroup of 4363 patients who underwent two or more consecutive colonoscopies between December 2008 and March 2020. Overall, 1.6% [95% CI 1.2–2.0%] of patients changed their MC phenotype from LC to CC, and 0.5% [0.3–0.7%] from CC to LC. Of 4363 MC patients, 414 [9.5%] were also diagnosed with IBD. In 2.9% [2.4–3.5%], MC and IBD were diagnosed as synchronous mucosal lesions. In 2.1% [1.7–2.6%], MC changed to IBD, and in 4.5% [3.9–5.2%] IBD changed to MC.

Conclusions

The analysis confirmed the synchronous occurrence of MC and IBD and transitions between the two diagnoses. In patients who fail therapy for either one of the two diseases, the gastroenterologist should search for changes in the underlying phenotype as a possible explanation.
Etp1 confers arsenite resistance by affecting ACR3 expression
Authors: Romero Antonia M , Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska Ewa , Mombeinipour Mandana , Lorentzon Emma , Aspholm Emelie , Wysocki Robert , Tamás Markus J
Published: March 2022

In a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid screen of predicted coiled-coil motif interactions in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome, the protein Etp1 was found to interact with the yeast AP-1-like transcription factors Yap8, Yap1 and Yap6. Yap8 plays a crucial role during arsenic stress since it regulates expression of the resistance genes ACR2 and ACR3. The function of Etp1 is not well understood but the protein has been implicated in transcription and protein turnover during ethanol stress, and the etp1∆ mutant is sensitive to ethanol. In this current study, we investigated whether Etp1 is implicated in Yap8-dependent functions. We show that Etp1 is required for optimal growth in the presence of trivalent arsenite and for optimal expression of the arsenite export protein encoded by ACR3. Since Yap8 is the only known transcription factor that regulates ACR3 expression, we investigated whether Etp1 regulates Yap8. Yap8 ubiquitination, stability, nuclear localization and ACR3 promoter association were unaffected in etp1∆ cells, indicating that Etp1 affects ACR3 expression independently of Yap8. Thus, Etp1 impacts gene expression under arsenic and other stress conditions but the mechanistic details remain to be elucidated.
Conducting Empirical Research With Older Migrants: Methodological and Ethical Issues
Authors: Bilecen Başak , Fokkema Tineke
Published: March 2022

This special section brings together a set of four articles containing novel quantitative and qualitative research on older migrants in Europe. Detailed reporting and reflection is presented on fieldwork decisions and how certain challenges were tackled, and their implications. This introductory article aims to lay the groundwork for a better understanding and awareness of methodological and ethical challenges researchers face when designing and conducting empirical studies involving older migrants. Highlighted are the main methodological issues and ethical dilemmas we observe in studying older migrants, which can serve as a wake-up call for researchers to be more critical throughout the process. We end with a plea for more collaboration between researchers in the field of older migrants, by sharing their data despite potential methodological and ethical problems.