bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ephedrinium‐based protic chiral ionic liquids for enantiomeric recognition
Authors: De Rooy Sergio L. , Li Min , Bwambok David K. , El‐Zahab Bilal , Challa Santhosh , Warner Isiah M.
Published: November 2010

We report the synthesis of a series of novel structurally related protic chiral ionic liquids (PCILs) derived from ephedrines. Enantiopure norephedrine, ephedrine, and methylephedrine were neutralized by use of fluorinated acids, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide to afford six PCILs with protonated primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of structure on both chiral recognition abilities and physicochemical properties of these closely related PCILs. The newly synthesized PCILs were characterized by use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, circular dichroism (CD), mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The PCILs were thermally stable up to 220°C and had glass transition temperatures between −60 and −30°C. Both enantiomers of the PCILs retained chirality throughout the synthesis as demonstrated by use of CD measurements. More interestingly, these ephedrinium PCILs displayed strong chiral recognition capabilities as evidenced by peak splitting of the chemical shift of the trifluoro group of potassium Mosher's salt by use of 19F‐NMR. In addition, these PCILs demonstrated enantiomeric recognition capabilities toward a range of structurally diverse analytes using steady‐state fluorescence spectroscopy. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereoselective HPLC analysis of tertatolol in rat plasma using macrocyclic antibiotic chiral stationary phase
Authors: Hefnawy Mohamed M. , Asiri Yousif A. , Al‐Zoman Nourah Z. , Mostafa Gamal. A. , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y.
Published: November 2010

Enantiomeric resolution of teratolol was achieved on a vancomycin macrocyclic antibiotic chiral stationary phase known as Chirobiotic V with UV detection set at 220 nm. The polar ionic mobile phase (PIM) consisted of methanol‐glacial acetic acid–triethylamine (100:0.01:0.015, v/v/v) has been used at a flow rate of 0.8 ml min−1. The calibration curves in plasma were linear over the range of 5‐500 ng ml−1 for each enantiomer with detection limit of 2 ng ml−1. The proposed method was validated in compliance with the international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The developed method applied for the trace analyses of tertatolol enantiomers in plasma and for the pharmacokinetic study of tertatolol enantiomers in rat plasma. The assay proved to be suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring and chiral quality control for tertatolol formulations by HPLC. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognosis and pathology of screen‐detected carcinomas
Authors: Nagtegaal Iris D. , Allgood Prue C. , Duffy Stephen W. , Kearins Olive , Sullivan E. O. , Tappenden Nancy , Wallis Matthew , Lawrence Gill
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND:

It has been observed that screen‐detected breast cancers have a better prognosis than symptomatic tumors, even after taking pathological tumor attributes into account. This has led to the hypothesis that screen‐detected tumors are substantially biologically different from symptomatic cancers.

METHODS:

The pathology and survival by detection mode was investigated in 21,382 breast cancers diagnosed in women aged 50‐64 years in the West Midlands, United Kingdom, between 1988 and 2004. Tumor attributes were compared using chi‐square tests and logistic regression. Survival was analyzed using Cox regression.

RESULTS:

Screen‐detected cancers were significantly smaller, better differentiated, and less likely to be node‐positive than symptomatic cancers (P < .001 in all cases). In addition, a higher proportion of screen‐detected cancers were hormone receptor‐positive, and a higher proportion were tubular carcinomas (P < .001). Survival was substantially better in screen‐detected breast cancers (86% at 10 yearsvs 70% for interval cancers and 58% for cancers in women unexposed to screening). Adjustment for age, tumor size, nodal status, grade, histological type, and year of diagnosis accounted for 64% (interval cancers) and 68% (unexposed women) of these survival differences, respectively. Overall survival improved with time. Approximately half of this improvement was due to the increase over time in the proportion of tumors that were screen‐detected.

CONCLUSION:

The majority of the difference in prognosis between screen‐detected and symptomatic breast cancers is due to the differences in routinely measured pathological features (size, type, grade, and nodal status), leaving a small residual difference to be accounted for by other biological differences. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
CK8/18 expression, the basal phenotype, and family history in identifying BRCA1‐associated breast cancer in the Ontario site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry
Authors: Mulligan Anna Marie , Pinnaduwage Dushanthi , Bane Anita L. , Bull Shelley B. , O'Malley Frances P. , Andrulis Irene L.
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND.

BRCA1‐associated breast cancer had been shown to be morphologically and genetically distinct from sporadic cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the association of CK8/18 with BRCA1‐associated tumors and if, by using CK8/18 and basal biomarkers in conjunction with morphologic features and family history characteristics, the specificity of the BRCA1‐associated tumor profile in a pathologically well‐characterized cohort would be improved.

METHODS.

Fifty‐eight patients with known BRCA1 germline mutations and 221 control (familial non‐BRCA) patients were selected from the Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry. From this database, information on family history and morphologic features was abstracted. Tissue microarrays were constructed and immunohistochemistry to determine expression of several biomarkers was performed. After a logistic regression fit, a best‐subsets variable‐selection procedure using model performance and predictive ability measures was applied to find a best predictor to distinguish BRCA1‐associated tumors from non‐BRCA associated tumors.

RESULTS.

BRCA1‐associated tumors differed significantly from control tumors in terms of morphology, family history, and biomarker profile. CK8/18 was highly significantly associated with BRCA1 tumors. Consistently, BRCA1 cancers showed low levels of CK8/18 compared to non‐BRCA tumors, whether they were basal‐like or not. A combination of 7 factors, including CK8/18 and family history, best predicted the BRCA1‐associated cancers.

CONCLUSIONS.

CK8/18 expression was independently associated with BRCA1‐associated breast cancers. Reduced CK8/18 expression in conjunction with the basal‐like phenotype and family history may have improved the ability to identify which tumors were likely to be associated with a BRCA1 germline mutation and thereby help streamline genetic testing. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A case of pulmonary malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma by fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Ryu Han Suk , Lee Seung‐Sook , Choi Hee‐Seung , Baek HeeJong , Koh Jae Soo
Published: November 2010

Malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (MEHE) is a rare vascular tumor with a biological behavior that lies between those of classical epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and angiosarcoma. Furthermore, MEHE is rarely diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. The authors describe the cytological features of MEHE in a 41‐year‐old man who presented with increasing dyspnea over a period of 1 month before admission. Computed tomography of the chest showed a 3 cm poorly defined mass in the right lower lobe. Fine needle aspiration cytology demonstrated cellular smears of loosely cohesive clusters of epithelioid cells with numerous intracytoplasmic lumens in a necrotic background. Cellular features included fine chromatin and vesicular or slightly hyperchromatic nuclei with inconspicuous nucleoli and intranuclear inclusions. Nuclear membranes were relatively irregular with indentation. Mean N/C ratio was not increased, presumably due to a moderate amount of cytoplasm. The histologic examination displayed epithelioid and spindle cell proliferation with necrosis accompanying a classical epithelioid hemangioendotheliomatous area. The immunohistochemical evaluation was confirmatory and showed immunoreactivity for vascular markers. The authors also reviewed FNAB findings of epithelioid angiosarcoma, primary adenocarcinoma, and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung to identify cytomorphologic differences by literature bases. MEHE of the lung is difficult to diagnose cytologically because of its rarity and its cytomorphologic similarities with other malignant epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. However, it may be possible to distinguish it from other entities when the possibility of this unusual vascular neoplasm is suspected and ancillary studies are supportive. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sacral and presacral lesions: Cytopathologic analysis and clinical correlates
Authors: Syed Reema , Bishop Justin A. , Ali Syed Z.
Published: November 2010

Although percutaneous biopsies of the spine at thoracolumbar levels have proven value, the benefit in the sacrococcygeal region has not been presented thoroughly in the literature. This region has unique anatomic and oncologic properties.

The cytopathologic files at The Johns Hopkins Hospital over a 20‐year‐period were searched. Imaging studies and medical records were also reviewed.

Ninety‐one cases of sacral/presacral FNA were identified. There were 46 males and 45 females; 62% had a prior history of malignancy. The most common presentation was lower back pain (44%). Imaging revealed lytic and/or soft tissue lesions masses from 1 to 12 cm (mean = 5.0 cm). Of the 71 (78%) diagnostic cases, 19 (27%) were nonneoplastic, 2 (3%) were suspicious for neoplasm, while 50 (70%) cases were neoplastic. Of the nonneoplastic cases, 10 (53%) showed nonspecific inflammation. Two (4%) of the 50 neoplastic lesions were benign tumors (schwannoma and neurofibroma), and of the malignant cases, 11 (23%) were primary, and 37 (77%) were metastatic/secondary. The most common primary malignant tumor was chordoma (four cases, 36%). Of the 37 secondary tumors, the most common were colorectal carcinoma (8, 22%) and plasmacytic tumors (5/9, 56%). The overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of FNA were 96, 95, and 100%, respectively.

Sacral and presacral lesions represent rare targets for FNA. Benign tumors are rare (2%). Most cancers are metastatic (41%), with colorectum being the most common primary site (9%). Primary malignancies are uncommon (14%), with chordomas being the most frequent of these entities (4%). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atypical granular cell tumor of the thyroid: Cytomorphologic features on fine needle aspiration
Authors: Cimino‐Mathews Ashley , Illei Peter B. , Ali Syed Z.
Published: November 2010

Granular cell tumors are uncommon soft tissue neoplasms of nerve sheath origin, which are predominately benign and are characterized by abundant granular cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and indistinct cell borders. Features of malignancy include spindle cell morphology, necrosis, prominent nucleoli, increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear pleomorphism, and increased mitotic rate. Granular cell tumors are most common in the soft tissues of the head and neck, but have only been rarely described in the thyroid gland. Here we report a case of an atypical granular cell tumor of the thyroid seen on fine needle aspiration, which displayed focal atypical cells with spindle cell morphology, increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, and prominent nucleoli. The differential diagnosis of such findings is also presented. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytological findings of intrathyroidal epithelial thymoma/carcinoma showing thymus‐like differentiation: A study of eight cases
Authors: Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Kuma Seiji , Miyauchi Akira
Published: November 2010

The purpose of this article is to describe the cytologic findings of intrathyroidal epithelial thymoma/carcinoma showing thymus‐like differentiation (ITET/CASTLE) in detail and discuss its differential diagnoses. We examined cytologic specimens taken from eight ITET/CASTLE cases, who underwent fine needle aspiration. Cytologic features of ITET/CASTLE include (1) hypercellularity, (2) large cell clusters without papillary or follicular pattern, (3) round or spindle tumor cells with distinct nucleoli and cell border, (4) few keratinized cells and intracytoplasmic lumina (ICL), and (5) lymphocytic background. The differential diagnoses included poorly differentiated carcinoma, metastatic lymphoepithelioma, squamous cell carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The presence of individual keratinizing cells and ICL and the location of the tumor may be helpful in indicating ITET/CASTLE. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012;40:E16–E20. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of inhibitors of NADPH oxidase complex and mitochondrial ATP‐sensitive potassium channels on generation of dopaminergic neurons from neurospheres of mesencephalic precursors
Authors: Parga J.A. , Rodríguez‐Pallares J. , Joglar B. , Diaz‐Ruiz C. , Guerra M.J. , Labandeira‐Garcia J.L.
Published: November 2010

Reactive oxygen species signaling has been suggested to regulate stem cell development. In the present study, we treated neurospheres of rat mesencephalic precursors with inhibitors of the NADPH oxidase complex and mitochondrial ATP‐sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel blockers during the proliferation and/or the differentiation periods to study the effects on generation of dopaminergic neurons. Treatment with low doses (100 or 250 μM) of the NADPH inhibitor apocynin during the proliferation period increased the generation of dopaminergic neurons. However, higher doses (1 mM) were necessary during the differentiation period to induce the same effect. Treatment with general (glibenclamide) or mitochondrial (5‐hydroxydecanoate) KATP channel blockers during the proliferation and differentiation periods increased the number of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, neither increased proliferation rate nor apoptosis had a major role in the observed increase in generation of dopaminergic neurons, which suggests that the redox state is able to regulate differentiation of precursors into dopaminergic neurons. Developmental Dynamics 239:3247–3259, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Functionalized 3,4‐Dihydropyrans via Rearrangement of the Products of a One‐Pot Diastereoselective Assembly of Ketones and Acetylene
Authors: Schmidt Elena Yu. , Trofimov Boris A. , Zorina Nadezhda V. , Mikhaleva Albina I. , Ushakov Igor A. , Skital'tseva Elena V. , Kazheva Olga N. , Alexandrov Grigorii G. , Dyachenko Oleg A.
Published: November 2010

The products of the one‐pot assembly of ketones and acetylene, 7‐methylene‐6,8‐dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes, congeners of an insect pheromone frontalin, undergo an acid‐catalyzed rearrangement to diastereomerically pure 2‐acetyl‐3,4‐dihydropyrans in excellent yields. The synthesis is realizable in a one‐pot manner procedure directly from ketones and acetylene.
Chemokine receptor CXCR4 signaling modulates the growth factor‐induced cell cycle of self‐renewing and multipotent neural progenitor cells
Authors: Li Meizhang , Chang Cathleen J. , Lathia Justin D. , Wang Li , Pacenta Holly L. , Cotleur Anne , Ransohoff Richard M.
Published: November 2010

CXC chemokine receptor CXCR4 is expressed in vitro in both human and rodent adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs). It has been suggested that the CXCL12‐CXCR4 axis potentially enhances the proliferation of NPCs. However, whether CXCR4 is expressed in the neural stem cells (NSCs), a subset of self‐renewing and multipotent NPCs, and whether CXCR4 signaling is directly required for their proliferation are not clear. In this study, we report that CXCR4 is expressed in a subpopulation of NPCs in the early embryonic ventricular zone. In studies of a CXCR4eGFP bacterial artificial chromosomal (BAC) transgenic mouse line, we further isolated NPCs from E12.5 transgenic telencephalon and GFP+ cells demonstrated self‐renewal and multipotency in neurosphere assays in vitro. Consistent with these observations, we enriched GFP+/CXCR4+ cells by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) with either CXCR4 antibody 12G5 or GFP. Furthermore, we observed that CXCL12 alone did not activate the self‐renewal of NPCs or increase the proliferation of NPCs that are induced by bFGF/EGF. However, we found that blocking CXCR4 receptor with antagonist AMD3100 impaired the bFGF/EGF‐induced expansion of GFP+ NPCs through modulating their cell cycling. In addition, AMD3100 treatment of pregnant mice reduced the generation of neurospheres from E12.5 embryos. Our data suggest that CXCR4 is a potential cell surface marker for early embryonic NSCs and modulates growth‐factor signaling. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glial solute carrier transporters in drosophila and mice
Authors: Featherstone David E.
Published: November 2010

Glia regulate brain physiology primarily by regulating the movement and concentration of substances in the extracellular fluid. Therefore, one approach to understanding the role of glia in brain physiology is to study what happens when glial transporters are removed or modified. The largest and most highly conserved class of transporter is solute carrier (SLC) proteins. SLC proteins are highly expressed in brain, and many are found in glia. The function of many SLC proteins in the brain—particularly in glia—is very poorly understood. SLC proteins can be relatively easily knocked out or modified in genetic model organisms to better understand glial function. Drosophila are popular genetic model organisms that offer a nice balance between genetic malleability and brain complexity. They are ideal for such an endeavor. This article lists and discusses SLC transporter family members that are expressed in both mouse and Drosophila glia, in an effort to provide a foundation for studies of glial SLC transporters using Drosophila as a model. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantifying the Stacking Registry Matching in Layered Materials
Authors: Hod Oded
Published: November 2010

A detailed account of a recently developed method [Marom et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105, 046801] to quantify the registry mismatch in layered materials is presented. The registry index, which was originally defined for planar hexagonal boron‐nitride, is extended to treat graphitic systems and generalized to describe multi‐layered nanotubes. It is shown that, using simple geometric considerations, it is possible to capture the complex physical features of interlayer sliding in layered materials. The intuitive nature of the presented model and the efficiency of the related computations suggest that the method can be used as a powerful characterization tool for interlayer interactions in complex layered systems.
Theoretical Studies of Inorganic Fullerenes and Fullerene‐Like Nanoparticles
Authors: Enyashin Andrey N.
Published: November 2010

The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical understanding of inorganic, non‐carbon fullerenes and fullerene‐like particles. Special emphasis is placed on the description of structure, stability, and electronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties of layered compounds — hexagonal boron nitride, metal sulfides, and chlorides.
Knowledge competence in clinical and counseling training and readiness for internship
Authors: Stedman James M. , Schoenfeld Lawrence S.
Published: November 2010

The concept of competence has become the driving force in the education and training of professional psychologists. In fact, competence has evolved into increasingly sophisticated forms, now perhaps best represented by the cube model, which integrates foundational, functional, and developmental variables into ideas about professional training. This article considers one component of professional training, scientific knowledge, and argues that knowledge competence, measured by the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology, should occur before a student is certified as internship ready. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 00:1–5, 2010.
A One‐Stop Approach to the Management of Soft Tissue and Degenerative Musculoskeletal Conditions Using Clinic‐Based Ultrasonography
Authors: Sivan Manoj , Brown James , Brennan Stephen , Bhakta Bipin
Published: November 2010

Background and objective. One‐stop clinics aim at assessment, investigation and initiating treatment in a single hospital visit. They have been proven to be cost‐effective and to increase patient satisfaction in various specialties. The aim of this study was to describe the one‐stop approach to managing soft tissue and degenerative musculoskeletal conditions using clinic‐based musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS).

Methods. A retrospective case record review was carried out of patients assessed and managed in the musculoskeletal clinic by a musculoskeletal and sports physician over a 10‐month period.

Results. A total of 1,166 patients were assessed and managed in a total of 155 outpatient clinics. The age range of patients was 19 to 85 years (median age 45 years). The diagnoses included traumatic or overuse tendinopathy, degenerative arthritis, bursitis, acute/chronic sporting injuries and acute/chronic back pain. A total of 1,012 patients (87%) had conditions related to the appendicular system (shoulder girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle and lower limb) and 154 patients were referred with spinal pain. All patients with appendicular system problems had a definite diagnosis and treatment initiated on the first visit to the clinic. In 658 (65%) patients, a diagnostic ultrasound was deemed an appropriate investigation to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and more than half of them (352 patients) needed ultrasound‐guided injections as part of the management of their conditions. A portable GE Healthcare LOGIQe machine with a 10 MHz linear probe and colour Doppler flow imaging was used to perform all scans. No adverse incidents were reported.

Conclusions. The use of clinic‐based MSUS enables a one‐stop approach, reduces repeated hospital appointments and improves quality of care in an outpatient musculoskeletal clinic. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron‐state control of hexagonal boron nitride: Carrier injection into inter‐layer band
Authors: Okada Susumu , Otani Minoru
Published: November 2010

By using the local density approximation in density functional theory, we study the electronic structure of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) intercalation compounds in which lithium atoms are intercalated into the interlayer spacing. We find that the electronic structure of lithium‐intercalated h‐BN under equilibrium interlayer distance is metallic, in which electrons are injected into a nearly free electron state.

The calculated Fermi surfaces of the compound possesses circular shape around the Γ point and are similar to that of alkali/alkali‐earth metal‐doped graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Broadband light source using modulated quantum dot structures with sandwiched sub‐nano separator (SSNS) technique
Authors: Yamamoto Naokatsu , Akahane Kouichi , Kawanishi Tetsuya , Sotobayashi Hideyuki , Fujioka Hiroki , Takai Hiroshi
Published: November 2010

A broadband light source for a wavelength range of around 1.2‐1.3 μm can be fabricated using a multi‐stacked and modulated InAs/InGaAs quantum dot (QD) structure with the sandwich sub‐nano separator (SSNS) technique. These techniques, such as use of the modulated QD structure and SSNS structure, are considered useful in obtaining a high‐quality and ultra‐broadband QD optical gain material for the laser and/or optical amplifier. A broadband (>75 nm bandwidth) and bright (few tenths of a mW) light emission in its waveband is successfully demonstrated from a QD laser diode using a modulated QD optical gain with the SSNS technique. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Introducing dopants by diffusion to improve the conductivity of silicon quantum dot materials in 3rd generation photovoltaic devices
Authors: Ma Linzhi , Lin Dong , Conibeer Gavin , Perez‐Wurfl Ivan
Published: November 2010

An alternative method to introduce dopants in Silicon rich oxide (SRO) layers was investigated. A silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer containing phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5) or boron (B) was deposited on the quartz substrate. A bilayer structure was subsequently deposited using Si and SiO2. SRO layers were doped via diffusion during the high temperature annealing required to form the Silicon quantum dot (Si‐QD) materials. Two kinds of dopants (phosphorus and boron) were introduced as they are typical dopants for n‐type and p‐type Si respectively. The annealing time was also varied to achieve an optimum conductivity of the quantum dot material. Different Si concentrations in the SRO layers were investigated. A 5% change of Si concentration could change the conductivity of the Si‐QD material by more than one order of magnitude. Using circular transmission line measurement (TLM), the sheet resistivity of the Si‐QD material was extracted. It was demonstrated that this new method of introducing dopants by diffusion is successful. Moreover, it was found that the conductivity of Si‐QD materials decreased with increasing Si concentration in the SRO layers and was also influenced by the type of dopants. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phase‐matching properties of BaGa4S7 and BaGa4Se7: Wide‐bandgap nonlinear crystals for the mid‐infrared
Authors: Badikov Valeriy , Badikov Dmitrii , Shevyrdyaeva Galina , Tyazhev Aleksey , Marchev Georgi , Panyutin Vladimir , Petrov Valentin , Kwasniewski Albert
Published: November 2010

Biaxial BaGa4S7 and BaGa4Se7 crystals transparent in the mid‐IR have been grown by the Bridgman–Stockbarger technique in sufficiently large sizes and with good optical quality to measure the refractive indices and analyze phase‐matching properties. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of diet and feeding level on survival and weight gain of hand‐raised harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina)
Authors: MacRae A.M. , Haulena M. , Fraser D.
Published: November 2010

Hundreds of stranded harbor seals pups (Phoca vitulina) are brought to wildlife rescue centers every year. Typical hand‐rearing diets include artificial milk‐replacers and diets based on macerated fish fed via gavage, but weight gains are often low and mortality rates can be high. This study compared survival and weight gain of orphaned seal pups fed either artificial milk‐replacer or fish‐formula. Pups admitted to the facility in summer 2007 (n=145) and 2008 (n=98) were randomly assigned to one of two diets and fed by gavage until weaning. In 2007, pups fed milk‐replacer gained more (43±12 g/d) than those fed fish‐formula (loss of 13±6 g/d; P<0.002). In 2008, when intake was increased from 8 to 11% of body weight daily, weight gain improved for both diets but remained higher in pups fed milk‐replacer (123±12 g/d, vs. loss of 6±8 g/day; P<0.001). Pup survival to weaning was significantly higher in 2008 than 2007 (P<0.001) and was higher for pups on milk‐replacer compared with those on fish‐formula (P<0.05). Survival was also correlated with body weight at admittance (P<0.001). Although neither diet achieved the weight gains recorded in mother‐raised pups (400–800 g/d), the artificial milk‐replacer was clearly more successful, and pups fared better in the second year of the study when intake was higher. Zoo Biol 30:532–541, 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pancreatic transplantation: surgical technique, normal radiological appearances and complications
Authors: Hampson Frances A. , Freeman Susan J. , Ertner Julia , Drage Martin , Butler Andrew , Watson Chris J. , Shaw Ashley S.
Published: November 2010

Pancreas transplantation is a surgical treatment for diabetes mellitus. More than 23,000 pancreas transplants have now been reported to the International Transplant Registry (IPTR). Early diagnosis and therapy for graft-related complications are essential for graft survival. Radiologists must therefore understand the surgical procedure and the potential complications. During the course of this review, we will illustrate the normal post-operative anatomy and the imaging appearances of common potential complications.
Midge-transmitted bluetongue in domestic dogs
Authors: OURA C. A. L. , EL HARRAK M.
Published: November 2010

The role of domestic dogs in the long-distance spread of bluetongue virus (BTV) remains unproven. It is currently known that dogs are capable of being infected with BTV, can mount an antibody response to the virus and in some cases die showing severe clinical signs of disease. Infection of dogs is currently thought to be by oral ingestion of infected meat or meat products rather than through vector feeding. In this study we show that a high percentage of domestic dogs in Morocco (21%) were seropositive for BTV and, as these dogs were fed tinned commercial food only, and had no access to other meat products, the most likely source of infection was through Culicoides midges. This finding increases the chances of dogs being infected with BTV during an outbreak but their role in the onward transmission of BTV remains unproven.
The Juno Mission
Authors: Bolton S. J. ,   the Juno Science Team
Published: November 2010

Juno is the next NASA New Frontiers mission which will launch in August 2011. The mission is a solar powered spacecraft scheduled to arrive at Jupiter in 2016 and be placed into polar orbit around Jupiter. The goal of the Juno mission is to explore the origin and evolution of the planet Jupiter. Juno's science themes include (1) origin, (2) interior structure, (3) atmospheric composition and dynamics, and (4) polar magnetosphere and aurora. A total of nine instruments on-board provide specific measurements designed to investigate Juno's science themes. The primary objective of investigating the origin of Jupiter includes 1) determine Jupiter's internal mass distribution by measuring gravity with Doppler tracking, 2) determine the nature of its internal dynamo by measuring its magnetic fields with a magnetometer, and 3) determine the deep composition (in particular the global water abundance) and dynamics of the sub-cloud atmosphere around Jupiter, by measuring its thermal microwave emission.
Observing Mercury: from Galileo to the stereo camera on the BepiColombo mission
Authors: Cremonese Gabriele , Da Deppo Vania , Naletto Giampiero , Martellato Elena , Debei Stefano , Barbieri Cesare , Bettanini Carlo , Capria Maria T. , Massironi Matteo , Zaccariotto Mirko
Published: November 2010

After having observed the planets from his house in Padova using his telescope, in January 1611 Galileo wrote to Giuliano de Medici that Venus is moving around the Sun as Mercury. Forty years ago, Giuseppe Colombo, professor of Celestial Mechanics in Padova, made a decisive step to clarify the rotational period of Mercury. Today, scientists and engineers of the Astronomical Observatory of Padova and of the University of Padova, reunited in the Center for Space Studies and Activities (CISAS) named after Giuseppe Colombo, are busy to realize a stereo camera (STC) that will be on board the European (ESA) and Japanese (JAXA) space mission BepiColombo, devoted to the observation and exploration of the innermost planet. This paper will describe the stereo camera, which is one of the channels of the SIMBIOSYS instrument, aiming to produce the global mapping of the surface with 3D images.
Analysis of velocity field, mass balance, and basal melt of the Lambert Glacier–Amery Ice Shelf system by incorporating Radarsat SAR interferometry and ICESat laser altimetry measurements
Authors: Yu Jaehyung , Liu Hongxing , Jezek Kenneth C. , Warner Roland C. , Wen Jiahong
Published: November 2010

By incorporating recently available remote sensing data, we investigated the mass balance for all individual tributary glacial basins of the Lambert Glacier–Amery Ice Shelf system, East Antarctica. On the basis of the ice flow information derived from SAR interferometry and ICESat laser altimetry, we have determined the spatial configuration of eight tributary drainage basins of the Lambert‐Amery glacial system. By combining the coherence information from SAR interferometry and the texture information from SAR and MODIS images, we have interpreted and refined the grounding line position. We calculated ice volume flux of each tributary glacial basin based on the ice velocity field derived from Radarsat three‐pass interferometry together with ice thickness data interpolated from Australian and Russian airborne radio echo sounding (RES) surveys and inferred from ICESat laser altimetry data. Our analysis reveals that three tributary basins have a significant net positive imbalance, while five other subbasins are slightly positive or close to zero balance. Overall, in contrast to previous studies, we find that the grounded ice in Lambert Glacier–Amery Ice Shelf system has a positive mass imbalance of 22.9 ± 4.4 Gt a−1. The net basal melting for the entire Amery Ice Shelf is estimated to be 27.0 ± 7.0 Gt a−1. The melting rate decreases rapidly from the grounding zone to the ice shelf front. Significant basal refreezing is detected in the downstream section of the ice shelf. The mass balance estimates for both the grounded ice sheet and the ice shelf mass differ substantially from other recent estimates.
Functional annotation of human parvovirus b19 proteome and Molecular docking of VP1 protein with Teniposide
Authors: Praneetha Amburu , Pradhan Dibyabhaba , Priyadarshini Vani , Umamaheswari Amineni
Published: November 2010

Parvovirus B19 is a common source of infection with a seroprevalence of 60-70% in the adult population. Human parvovirus causes several distinct clinical syndromes such as erythema, polyarthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, hydrops fetalis, myocarditis etc. Recent years have witnessed manifest increase in clinical knowledge of parvovirus B19-associated complications, diagnosis and treatment. Traditional immunosuppressive therapy being unsuccessful, anti-viral therapy might be worthy of consideration. Functional annotation of human parvoviral proteome may provide insights into role of viral proteome in its survival and pathogenic mechanisms. Availability of whole proteome in the open source aided functional annotation of protein using SVMprot. Protein functions common to both structural and non-structural proteins are metal -binding, lipid-binding, copper-binding, calcium-binding, zinc-binding, magnesium-binding, DNA-binding, RNA-binding, transmembrane and outer membrane group of proteins. VP1 protein of human parvovirus b19 being quiet important for its structural integrity and being non homologous to human proteome, was identified as an attractive molecular target for structure based drug discovery. 3D structure of target protein VP1protein is predicted based on VP2 protein from human parvovirus b19 using MODELLER9V6. The modeled structure is validated using PROCHECK. Binding sites were predicted in Discovery studio 2.0 and Teniposide was found to be best docked lead molecule among selected ligands those docked to the functionally important site 1 using LigandFit protocol. The docking complex shows teniposide forming strong hydrogen bond with serine 580 of modeled VP1 protein. The strong hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, Vander wall interaction marked by teniposide would affect the structural integrity of parvovirus B19 significantly. The detailed insight of structural, functional and interactive aspect of the protein is being studied would enable us delineate it as potential drug target. Also different docking poses generated through docking studies may be considered as a model for identifying drug candidate against parvovirus.
Fc‐binding molecules specific for human IgG1 and IgG3 are present in Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces
Authors: BAZ ADRIANA , CAROL HERNÁN , MARCO MARTA , CASABÓ LUCÍA , JONES FRANCES , DUNNE DAVID , NIETO ALBERTO
Published: November 2010

In this work we describe the presence of Fc‐binding activity on the suckers and tegument of E. granulosus protoscoleces. A fraction (PSA‐Fc+) from protoscolex somatic antigens was isolated by affinity chromatography on human Fc‐γ1‐Sepharose. Analysis by SDS‐PAGE of PSA‐Fc+ showed that it contained two major components. Using mouse F(ab′)2‐human Fc chimaeric monoclonal antibodies we verified that PSA‐Fc+ bound mainly to human Fc‐γ1 and Fc‐γ3 isotypes. In addition, one of the components of PSA‐Fc+ showed proteolytic activity. Both, Fc‐binding and proteolytic activities localized on the protoscolex surface, may play a relevant role in the host‐parasite interaction.
Trypanosoma congolense infection of trypanotolerant N'Dama (Bos taurus) cattle is associated with decreased secretion of nitric oxide by interferon‐γ‐activated monocytes and increased transcription of interleukin‐10
Authors: TAYLOR KATHERINE , MERTENS BEA , LUTJE VITTORIA , SAYA ROSEMARY
Published: November 2010

The mechanisms whereby trypanotolerant N'Dama cattle control infection with Trypanosoma congolense are unknown. Previous studies have suggested that the monocytes of N'Dama cattle are more highly activated during infection than those of trypanosusceptible Boran cattle. However, we have recently reported that the monocytes of Boran cattle have a reduced capacity to secrete nitric oxide during trypanosome infection. We therefore evaluated the production of nitric oxide by monocytes of trypanotolerant N'Dama cattle infected with T. congolense in response to interferon‐γ, bacterial lipopolysaccharide or trypanosome antigens. Interferon‐γ‐induced nitric oxide production was decreased between days 25 and 76 of infection, while lipopolysaccharide‐induced secretion of nitric oxide was increased at days 13 and again at day 76 post‐infection. Trypanosome antigens did not elicit nitric oxide production. Analysis of interleukin‐10 mRNA transcription in peripheral blood leucocytes revealed an increase at time points that coincided with decreased interferon‐γ‐induced nitric oxide synthesis. In contrast, interferon‐γ mRNA expression was not changed during infection while tumour necrosis factor‐α was slightly reduced at day 32 post‐infection. Recombinant interleukin‐10 suppressed interferon‐γ‐induced nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor‐α secretion, but not lipopolysaccharide‐induced nitric oxide secretion in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes of uninfected cattle. These results suggest that the nitric oxide response of monocytes to IFN‐γ but not lipopolysaccharide, is suppressed during infection. The kinetics of the upregulation of interleukin‐10 and its biological activity indicate a possible association with the depression of nitric oxide production and control of tumour necrosis factor‐α.
An Implantation of DDD Epicardial Pacemaker Through Ministernotomy in a Patient with a Superior Vena Cava Occlusion
Authors: SAKO HIDENORI , HADAMA TETSUO , SHIGEMITSU OSAMU , MIYAMOTO SHINJI , ANAI HIROFUMI , WADA TOMOYUKI , IWATA ERIKO , HAMAMOTO HIROTSUGU
Published: November 2010

SAKO, H., et al.: An Implantation of DDD Epicardial Pacemaker Through Ministernotomy in a Patient with a Superior Vena Cava Occlusion.
We successfully implanted a DDD epicardial pacemaker through a limited lower sternotomy in a patient whose superior vena cava had been occluded. Both epicardial leads were connected to the generator placed in the existing subcutaneous pocket on the left pectoral region through the second intercostal space. This approach provided excellent exposure and easy access to both the right appendage and the right ventricle. The combined procedure of epicardial DDD pacemaker implantation through a limited lower sternotomy with placement of the generator in the pectoral subcutaneous pocket is one of the better methods when intravenous lead implantation is difficult. (PACE 2003; 26:778–780)
Optoelectronic properties of p-n and p-i-n heterojunction devices prepared by electrodeposition of n-ZnO on p-Si
Authors: Rakhshani A. E.
Published: November 2010

The importance of silicon based optoelectronic devices is due to the well developed silicon technology and its potential for device integration. ZnO/Si light emitting diodes reported in the literature are based mainly on ZnO films grown by the vapor-phase techniques. Electrodeposition, a cost-effective and simple method, has not been explored adequately for the fabrication of such devices. In this study, ZnO films were electrodeposited on the (100) plane of highly B-doped p-Si substrates. Heterojunction devices (p-n and p-i-n) were constructed and characterized by means of current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, photocurrent spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence measurements. Electrodeposition yields compact films with a native donor density ∼1017 cm−3. Diffusion of boron from Si into ZnO, during an annealing process, yields graded p-n junctions with enhanced electroluminescence. Devices exhibit a reasonably good photoresponse in the ultraviolet-blue range. The absorption of subband gap photons in ZnO shows an Urbach tail with a characteristic energy of 115 meV. The absorption and emission of light involves two prominent defect levels in ZnO, namely, L1 and E1.
Homogeneous nucleation and growth in simple fluids. I. Fundamental issues and free energy surfaces of bubble and droplet formation
Authors: Uline Mark J. , Torabi Korosh , Corti David S.
Published: November 2010

The free energy of forming a droplet and a bubble with a given particle number n and volume v within the pure-component Lennard-Jones supercooled vapor and superheated liquid, respectively, are further explored using density-functional theory. Similar to what was found previously [M. J. Uline and D. S. Corti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 076102 (2007); M. J. Uline and D. S. Corti, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 234507 (2008)], the limits of stability again appear within both free energy surfaces evaluated at two other metastability conditions, one closer to the binodal and one closer to the spinodal. Furthermore, an ad hoc bond connectivity criterion is also applied in an attempt, however approximately, to eliminate certain configurational redundancies that arise from the chosen droplet and bubble definitions. What results are free energy surfaces describing the formation of equilibrium embryos that should be an improved representation of the fluctuations that are relevant to those nonequilibrium embryos seen in an actual nucleation event. Finally, we discuss in some detail the use of the (n,v) reaction coordinate within the framework of an equilibrium-based theory and its relation to other descriptions of nucleation.
Ambient molecular water accumulation on silica surfaces detected by a reflectance interference optical balance
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Zhao Ming , Nolte David D.
Published: November 2010

Water is a persistent background in virtually all biosensors, yet is difficult to quantify. We apply an interferometric optical balance to measure water film accumulation from air onto several types of prepared silica surfaces. The optical balance uses in-line common-path interferometry with balanced quadratures to measure the real-time accumulation of molecular films. The accumulated water thickness is sensitive to ambient conditions, with thicknesses that vary from picometers up to nanometers, even on hydrophobic silanized surfaces. These results demonstrate that water adsorption contributes an excess signal in dry label-free protein microarray optical biosensors and presents a fundamental limit to assay sensitivity.
Observation of tunable exchange bias in Sr2YbRuO6
Authors: Singh R. P. , Tomy C. V. , Grover A. K.
Published: November 2010

The double perovskite compound, Sr2YbRuO6, displays reversal in the orientation of magnetic moments along with negative magnetization due to an underlying magnetic compensation phenomenon. The exchange bias (EB) field below the compensation temperature could be the usual negative or the positive depending on the initial cooling field. This EB attribute has the potential of getting tuned in a preselected manner, as the positive EB field is seen to crossover from positive to negative value above Tcomp.
Thermodynamic study on metastable phase: From polycrystalline to nanocrystalline system
Authors: Xu Wenwu , Song Xiaoyan , Zhang Zhexu
Published: November 2010

First an approach based on the Debye model is developed to quantify the thermodynamic parameters of metastable phase in the conventional coarse-grained polycrystalline systems. Subsequently, by combining the experimental measurements on heat capacity with the nanothermodynamic calculations for nanocrystalline alloys, a method is established to determine the fundamental thermodynamic functions of the metastable phases in both polycrystalline and nanocrystalline alloy systems. Taking the typical metastable-phase SmCo7 alloy as an example, the thermodynamic properties of polycrystalline and nanocrystalline systems are studied, and good agreement between model calculations and experimental results is achieved.
Effect of intensive and extensive loss factors on the dynamic response of magnetoelectric laminates
Authors: Cho Kyung-Hoon , Park Chee-Sung , Priya Shashank
Published: November 2010

We report the correlation between intensive and extensive losses in piezoelectric materials with the frequency dependent response of layered magnetoelectric (ME) composites. Three different piezoelectric compositions were synthesized to achieve varying loss characteristics allowing a systematic interpretation of changes in ME coupling in terms of loss components. We clearly demonstrate that intensive dielectric and piezoelectric loss play an important role in controlling the ME sensitivity of layered composites in sub-resonance low frequency range while extensive mechanical loss is dominant factor at resonance condition. Further, the maximum in ME response is obtained at antiresonance frequency of piezoelectrics.
In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry studies of trivalent chromium coating on aluminum
Authors: Dardona Sameh , Jaworowski Mark
Published: November 2010

In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry in the spectral region of 1.3–4.3 eV has been employed to monitor, in real-time, the formation of trivalent Cr process (TCP) conversion coatings on polished Al substrates. The measured ellipsometry parameters (Ψ and Δ), as a function of immersion time, reveal that the initial stages of film formation include the chemical thinning of the native oxide layer, formation of a very thin initiation layer and the subsequent rapid formation of the TCP film. The film optical constant is modeled using Cauchy dispersion relation and its thickness was determined as a function of immersion time during growth.
Broadening of optical transitions in polycrystalline CdS and CdTe thin films
Authors: Li Jian , Chen Jie , Collins R. W.
Published: November 2010

The dielectric functions ε of polycrystalline CdS and CdTe thin films sputter deposited onto Si wafers were measured from 0.75 to 6.5 eV by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. Differences in ε due to processing variations are well understood using an excited carrier scattering model. For each sample, a carrier mean free path λ is defined that is found to be inversely proportional to the broadening of each of the band structure critical points (CPs) deduced from ε. The rate at which broadening occurs with λ−1 is different for each CP, enabling a carrier group speed υg to be identified for the CP. With the database for υg, ε can be analyzed to evaluate the quality of materials used in CdS/CdTe photovoltaic heterojunctions.