bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The potential of many-line inversions of photospheric spectropolarimetric data in the visible and near UV
Authors: Riethmüller T. L. , Solanki S. K.
Published: December 2018

Our knowledge of the lower solar atmosphere is mainly obtained from spectropolarimetric observations, which are often carried out in the red or infrared spectral range and almost always cover only a single or a few spectral lines. Here we compare the quality of Stokes inversions of only a few spectral lines with many-line inversions. In connection with this, we have also investigated the feasibility of spectropolarimetry in the short-wavelength range, 3000 Å−4300 Å, where the line density but also the photon noise are considerably higher than in the red, so that many-line inversions could be particularly attractive in that wavelength range. This is also timely because this wavelength range will be the focus of a new spectropolarimeter in the third science flight of the balloon-borne solar observatory SUNRISE. For an ensemble of state-of-the-art magneto-hydrodynamical atmospheres we synthesize exemplarily spectral regions around 3140 Å (containing 371 identified spectral lines), around 4080 Å (328 lines), and around 6302 Å (110 lines). The spectral coverage is chosen such that at a spectral resolving power of 150 000 the spectra can be recorded by a 2K × 2K detector. The synthetic Stokes profiles are degraded with a typical photon noise and afterward inverted. The atmospheric parameters of the inversion of noisy profiles are compared with the inversion of noise-free spectra. We find that significantly more information can be obtained from many-line inversions than from a traditionally used inversion of only a few spectral lines. We further find that information on the upper photosphere can be significantly more reliably obtained at short wavelengths. In the mid and lower photosphere, the many-line approach at 4080 Å provides equally good results as the many-line approach at 6302 Å for the magnetic field strength and the line-of-sight (LOS) velocity, while the temperature determination is even more precise by a factor of three. We conclude from our results that many-line spectropolarimetry should be the preferred option in the future, and in particular at short wavelengths it offers a high potential in solar physics.
The relationship of the green bond and the Social Development Goals (SDGs) targets: a case study of Vigeo Eiris
Authors: Siswantoro Dodik
Published: December 2018

Only Vigeo Eiris relates the green bond initial assessment with the Social Development Goals (SDGs) targets. Thus, this research would analyse the Vigeo Eiris’ opinion about the relationship of the green bond and SDGs targets. This would create new insights into the green bond opinion, as other second independent reviews do not propose these issues in the beginning. The research method employs a qualitative method using opinion report of the green bond by Vigeo Eiris after SDGs were launched. However, before SGDs were launched, this agency did not relate to Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which actually the former action of SDGs. The result showed that the green bond has important roles to mitigate Greenhouse Gases (GHG). In addition, the direct targets to SGDs are mostly 7 aspects. Affordable and clean energy (12 points); 13. Climate Action (9 points); 12. Sustainable Consumption & Production (8 points); 9. Industry, Innovation, & Infrastructure; and 11. Sustainable Cities & Communities (7 points respectively) of the total 19 sample. However, the main issues are that there is no clear quantitative target for these SDGs targets and not all issuers have SDGs targets (14 out of 19 samples)
The negative impact of coal mining company on health, environment, climate change, economic sustainability and macroeconomic
Authors: Rokhim Rofikoh , Adawiyah Wardatul , Nasution Ruri Eka Fauziah
Published: December 2018

This paper aims to analyze the impact of mining company on financial measurement through Economic Value Added (EVA) and non financial measurement (i.e. health, environment, climate change, economic sustainability, and macroeconomic variables). This study uses qualitative and quantitative analysis method. Result from this study shows that coal mining does not provided added value to the economy, moreover it also has negative impact on environment by contributing largest carbon dioxide emission. In addition, to open new sites for coal mining, coal miners must do deforestation. In terms of health impact, this study find that local people who live near the coal mining site are exposed to health problem. Furthermore, there is also potential conflict with local people. Coal mining also has negative impact on trade balance, exchange rate, and the growth of other sector, particularly when the commodity prices decrease.
The Sustainability of an Environmental Policy: A Review of Indonesia Peat Restoration Program
Authors: Fadmastuti Mahardika , Karuniasa Mahawan , Firmansyah Rizky , Majesty Kirstie Imelda
Published: December 2018

Indonesia’s forest fires and peatlands became a global concern in 2015, when 33% of the 2.6 million hectares of land that burned that year occurred on peatlands. One of the current strategies to control the spread of forest fires is to restore 2.4 million hectares of the peatland which had burned in 2015, by 2020. Although it has been more than half of the period of the program, the idea of restoring the peatlands to control the spread of fires have increased by over 60%, compared to the same period last year. Since the implementation of peat restoration policy in Indonesia over three years ago, there is still no example of a successfully restored peat area. However, the peat restoration program includes a minimum three Components of restoration: 1) Ecology, 2) Economy, and 3) Society [1], which often remain unbalanced. This research aims to review the environmental policy program of restoring 2.4 million hectare peatlands which was established at the beginning of 2016. The research will conduct a geographic analysis on the program implementation in Indonesia, also comparing this with sustainable environmental theories and successful restoration projects in the world wide wetlands.
Water resources management at the fish processing industry using waste minimization approach
Authors: Kurniasih Setia Devi , Soesilo Tri Edhi Budhi , Soemantojo Roekmijati W.
Published: December 2018

This study investigated waste minimization opportunities and implementation strategy at the fish processing industry. This study used quantitative approach with field observation and open list of questionnare method to identify resources saving. The result of this study showed that fish processing industry (Company XYZ) was not implemented a waste minimization approach. The water resources saving reached 89.76 m3 or 27.2% from fresh water per a week of the production process and water consumption saving for washing process reached 30%. The utilization of solid waste can generate economic potential reached 26% of raw material, while liquid waste reached 51% of water consumption. The waste minimization approach hopefully would assist interested the company and bring both increase environmental performance and competitive advantage in the whole fish processing industry, especially in Indonesia.
Determination of eco-efficiency level of solid waste management of polypropylene cloth on motorcycle tire industry in Cileungsi (West Java)
Authors: Priambodo Bagus , Hartono Djoko M.
Published: December 2018

Sustainability is now accepted by all stakeholders as a guiding principle for both public policy making and corporate strategies. However, the biggest challenges are still in the real and substantial implementation of the sustainability concept. The Motorcycle Tire Manufacturing Industry produces a by-product in the form of solid waste Polypropylene Fabric which is produced from one of its production processes, namely the Calendering process. Therefore, efforts need to be made to manage the waste resulting from the production process to become something more valuable so that a better level of eco-efficiency can be obtained. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of eco-efficiency of Polypropylene Fabric solid waste treatment produced from the calendering process and provide recommendations in an effort to improve the value of eco-efficiency. The quantitative method is used to calculate the efficiency of polypropylene fabric solid waste management that can still be taken from the waste. Based on the results of laboratory calculations and checks it was found that there was an eco-efficiency value of 30% for the reuse of waste polypropylene cloth and there were economic benefits of Rp. 355,877,264 in 2018 (based on forecasting the addition of waste in the future).
Gender responsiveness in forest management towards sustainable development
Authors: Pratiwi Ryza Dani , Nurhaeni Ismi Dwi Astuti , Kartono Drajat Tri
Published: December 2018

Sustainable development as a development process giving environmental aspect needs attention. As an effort to reach sustainable development, the United Nations envisioned comprehensive vision to reach the better world in 2030 through Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Gender equality and land ecosystem are considered two of seventeen objectives of SDGs, where land ecosystem covers forest management to actualize sustainable forest. Since 2000 the Indonesian government echoed gender mainstreaming strategy through gender-perspective integration in various fields of development. Even, the Forest Minister in 2011 and 2017 issued regulation on gender mainstreaming in living environment and forestry. This research aims at studying gender responsiveness of policy on forest management. It is a qualitative descriptive research conducted in Central Java Province since the location constitutes a preserved forest with wide critical land. Documentation studies and in-depth interview were employed as data collecting technique. The research result reveals that forest management in the national level is gender-responsive, namely it has considered the different needs between men and women. However, policy in the local level is still neutral gender. Women have access towards forest sources but they don’t have control on it. The social norms about gender role contributed to gender relation in forest management.
Sustainable finance for sustainability: a case study analysis
Authors: Adam Naufal D. , Adhariani Desi
Published: December 2018

This study analyses the philosophical reasons behind the implementation of sustainable finance in ABC Bank in Indonesia based on parameters developed by previous research. The parameters consist of the theory of the firm, human nature of economic actors, ownership paradigm, and ethical framework. The case study approach is supported by primary and secondary data through interviews with managers and analysis of the company’s related reports and documents. The results confirm the parameters of sustainable finance implementation in ABC Bank, indicating the advanced movement made by the bank relative to the other counterparts to accommodate the issue of sustainability on the financial system.
Who is more related to the nature? A study from Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Dimas Teguh , Djuwita Ratna , Ariyanto Amarina
Published: December 2018

Previous research had shown that current generation had lower relatedness to nature, but these findings came from studies with mostly western respondents. This study aims to explore-nature relatedness in Indonesian students and to identified what factors are related to their nature relatedness. 363 students from several universities in Indonesia joined the online survey. They were between 17- 43 years old. In our study, we found that Indonesia students were moderately in nature relatedness (M= 85,73, SD= 12,137). Nature relatedness was not related to age, gender, home town, vehicles used for transportation, and time used for smartphones. The major findings of this study have shown that students who are environmental activist were the most related to nature. To enhance nature relatedness, we suggests that joining environmental activities is a good way to promote nature relatedness.
Dynamic capabilities strategy for sustainability development in print media management
Authors: Putri Febianca , Irwansyah  , Aprilia Monika Pretty
Published: December 2018

Nowadays, internet and smart phone turn out to be the new challenge for print media industry. This phenomenon seems to keep on going. It is digitalization that challenges print media companies to develop the sustainable economic growth of company. This research analyses the digital media management applied by Femina Group by using dynamic capabilities. The concept of dynamic capabilities is applied in this research as the main strategy to analyse the survival of print media management in digital era. The dynamic capabilities are divided into three, they are: the capability of sensing, seizing and reconfiguring. The research finds that Femina Group has a strong dynamic capability in sensing and seizing process. Meanwhile, the reconfiguring process of the company suffers a decline in terms of asset protection quality.
Strategy to fulfill primary school students’ information needs in the digital era
Authors: Aisyah Tria Nur , Fauziah Kiki
Published: December 2018

This study discusses the strategy of meeting the needs of information on primary school students in the digital age. The purpose of this study is to identify the strategy to fulfil the information needs of primary school students in the digital era today. This research uses a qualitative approach with case study method. Data collection was done by interview and document analysis. The results of this study indicate that the strategy of fulfilling the information needs of the students of SDN Bendungan Hilir 12 are first through the printed book and then if the printed book does not meet the needs of the information then the students use the internet as a medium in finding information to meet the information needs. Also, when students get information over the internet, to verify the truth of the information, they ask the nearest person who is trusted by the student.
Gaining engaged people to succeed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Hidayati Novita , Etikariena Arum
Published: December 2018

This research aims to determine the effect of team cohesion on work engagement with the mediating role of psychological empowerment. JD-R model is used to explain the phenomenon. We learn about how people who are engaged in ongoing working in team give an impact on people work engagement. Based on quantitative research from 557 participants from Indonesian military forces that were temporarily placed to carry out peace missions on conflict countries. By using Process to analyze data, we found that psychological empowerment partially mediate the relationship of team cohesion on work engagement (path a: Coeff = .29, SE = .04, p < .01, 95%CL .22 to .37; path b: Coeff = .23, SE = .03, p < .01, 95%CL .17 to .30; path c’, Coeff = .10, SE = .03, p < .01, 95%CL .04 to .17).
Assessment of Siosar’s community sustainability in post-disaster relocation of Mount Sinabung eruption
Authors: Kumalasari Novi , Darmajanti Linda , Nugroho Sutopo Purwo
Published: December 2018

The practices and ways of humans interact with the environment will affect the sustainability of the society life. The achievement of a sustainability in a community in a certain place can be measured from the condition of balance of three important aspects which are ecological, social and spiritual aspects. Each region has a different level of sustainability. The purpose of this research is to analyze the sustainability level of the community resettlement from the Mount Sinabung eruption. The research was carried out in the Karos Siosar Relocation Area of North Sumatra. The Community Sustainability Assessment (CSA) method introduced by the Global Ecovillage Network/GEN is used to analyze its level of sustainability. The results of the research show that of the total value of each aspect is 523 which means showing a good start towards sustainability. However, when viewed from each aspect, the ecological aspect with a low value is 139 when compared to the other two aspects and shows the need for action in achieving sustainability. The social aspect obtained 208 values and spiritual aspects obtained 176 values, which shows that the people in the Siosar relocation area showed a good start towards sustainability.
Environmental awareness and behavior of college students in regards to the environment in urban area
Authors: Ningrum Zarah Beby , Herdiansyah Herdis
Published: December 2018

College students as a community whose behavior and willingness to adopt environmentally sound policies will become a dominant force for sustainable environment in urban area. This research aimed to analyze the environmental awareness of college students, report their environmental behavior, and analyze the correlation of some factors towards environmental awareness and behavior in a sample of 150 college students in one university in Jakarta. Previous studies have shown that demographic characteristics influence environmental awareness and behavior. The method applied was quantitative methods. For this purpose, a research instrument in the form of questionnaire were designed and tested on college students. Data was proccessed by Spearmann test with the help of SPSS. The results show that the level of environmental awareness and behaviors is ‘good’ among the respondents irrespective of gender difference, however there lies a difference between genders in practice level. This research concludes that college students have good environmental awareness and behavior. The college students show them by turning off computers when are not being used to save energy, reducing single-use-plastic use, using alternative for plastic such as paper/cloth bag, and participating in environmental programs.
Analysis of impact of city forest utilization to improvement of envirovment qualty in Serang City
Authors: Masyruroh Anis , Hartono Djoko M. , Haeruman Herman , Suganda Emirhadi
Published: December 2018

Serang city is the capital city of Banten province surrounded by cities and counties nearby. At this time serang city has become center of activities and migration of the counties nearits that cause the past population growth. This of course will affect to the building both physical and non physical ones. At the same time environment problem increases too, such as the height of temperature , the increase of air pollution, trafkic jam, the decrease of water quality. One of the ways of handling the problems is bye keeping and developing green open space, that will become city forest. This research is to find out the potency of the impact of city forest management to envirounment in Serang city, like air quality. CO2 decrease, noise, moisture, and potency of carbon as well as potency of water absorbance. Research methodoly used is using primary data of environmental quality test in fivelocation in Serang city which is placed near the city forest area to colculate the potency of carbon absorbance using formula of biomassa tree calcution which is calculated based on the ability of plantation water absorbance. The research show that the value of physical environment in city forest area is better than the condition of physical environment which is forer from the city forest.
Lebensqualität als Zielkriterium in der Schizophrenietherapie
Authors: Bullinger Monika , Kuhn Jens , Leopold Karolina , Janetzky Wolfgang , Wietfeld Rita
Published: December 2018

Die Berücksichtigung der Lebensqualität hat sich in den in den letzten 50 Jahren zu einem wichtigen Konzept einer patientenorientierten Medizin entwickelt. Mit ihm soll das subjektive Erleben der Patienten erfassbar und in seinen verschiedenen Dimensionen beschreibbar gemacht werden. Heute ist die Lebensqualität als patientenberichteter Endpunkt auch integraler Bestandteil der frühen Nutzenbewertung nach dem Arzneimittelmarkt-Neuordnungsgesetz (AMNOG). In der Therapie schizophrener Patienten hat sich die Verbesserung der Lebensqualität als akzeptiertes Zielkriterium allerdings erst mit Verzögerung etabliert.
Evaluation of Placental Perfusion Based on Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion Weighted Imaging (IVIM-DWI) and Its Predictive Value for Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Shi Hui , Quan Xianyue , Liang Wen , Li Xinming , Ai Bin , Liu Hongsheng
Published: December 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate placental blood perfusion in middle and late pregnancy and explore its predictive value for fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Methods All pregnant women included in the study were examined using placental intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI). Three IVIM parameters (D, f, D*) were obtained for each pregnant woman and analyzed using Image J software. Perfusion fraction f is a radiological marker of placental perfusion. The pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine artery is used to indirectly evaluate placental function.

Results f-values were significantly lower in the late-onset FGR group compared to the normal late pregnancy group (19.07 vs. 27.78%). In addition, uterine artery PI values were markedly increased in the late-onset FGR group compared to the normal late pregnancy group (1.96 vs. 1.03), and neonatal weight was significantly lower in the late-onset FGR group (2.75 vs. 3.18 kg). There was a significant positive correlation between f-value, uterine artery PI and neonatal weight (r = 0.968, p < 0.01; r = 0.959, p < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between f-value and age of gestation (r = − 0.534, p < 0.01).

Conclusion Perfusion fraction f was strongly correlated with uterine artery blood flow resistance as measured by color Doppler and had a certain predictive value for late-onset FGR.
Acyl Radical Chemistry via Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Ngai Ming-Yu , Banerjee Arghya , Lei Zhen
Published: December 2018

Visible-light photoredox catalysis enables easy access to acyl radicals under mild reaction conditions. Reactive acyl radicals, generated from various acyl precursors such as aldehydes, α-keto acids, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, acyl thioesters, acyl chlorides, or acyl silanes, can undergo a diverse range of synthetically useful transformations, which were previously difficult or inaccessible. This review summarizes the recent progress on visible-light-driven acyl radical generation using transition-metal photoredox catalysts, metallaphotocatalysts, hypervalent iodine catalysts or organic photocatalysts.

1 Introduction

2 The Scope of This Review

3 Aldehydes as a Source of Acyl Radicals

4 α-Keto Acids as a Source of Acyl Radicals

5 Carboxylic Acids as a Source of Acyl Radicals

6 Anhydrides as a Source of Acyl Radicals

7 Acyl Thioesters as a Source of Acyl Radicals

8 Acyl Chlorides as a Source of Acyl Radicals

9 Acyl Silanes as a Source of Acyl Radicals

10 Conclusions and Future Outlook
The Preparation of Tetramethyl 1,1′,3,3′-Ruthenocenetetra­carboxylate and Tetramethyl 1,1′,3,3′-Osmocenetetracarboxylate, and a Simplified Synthesis for Tetramethyl 1,1′,3,3′-Ferrocene­tetracarboxylate
Authors: Klett Jan , Hein Julia
Published: December 2018

Substituted metallocenes with more than two substituents have to be synthesized using doubly substituted cyclopentadiene rings in a reaction with a metal compound or by the introduction of additional functional groups to an already di-substituted metallocene. The direct formation of tetra-substituted metallocenes often suffers due to insufficient reactivity of the reagents or the resulting product mixtures, which are hard to separate. In this work, a protocol, which was successful in a tetra-substitution of ferrocene by a tetra-metalation followed by a reaction with carbon dioxide, is used to perform the tetra-substitution of ruthenocene and osmocene. In addition, a simplified protocol for the tetra-functionalization of ferrocene using commercially available components on a medium scale is described.
Two Cases of Transverse Testicular Ectopia in Consanguineous Boys
Authors: Abdelmalak Mohamed , Waheeb Saber , Koraitim Ahmed , Mahdy Dina , ElMigeid Deena
Published: December 2018

Crossed testicular ectopia (CTE)/transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) is a rare condition occurring in only 1 in 4 million male patients, in which both testes migrate toward the same hemiscrotum.

We report on two cases of TTE in first degree cousins (1 + 3 years of age).

Both presented with right nonpalpable testis. On diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, the right testis was located above the left testis in both patients. Right orchiopexy was performed after passing the right testis through the median raphe of the scrotum followed by ipsilateral left scrotal orchiopexy.
An Unusual Complication of Pericarditis
Authors: Rad Ashraf , Lange Ulrich , Makowski Bartholomaeus , Held Thomas , Schönwälder Jürgen , Schmoeckel Michael
Published: December 2018

Background According to current guidelines, acute pericarditis is an inflammatory pericardial syndrome with or without pericardial effusion.

Case Description We report on a patient who was treated for purulent pericarditis and developed a fistula from the ascending aorta to the right ventricle (RV), leading to cardiac decompensation. Operative closure of the aortic and RV perforation solved the problem.

Conclusion Bacterial pericarditis may lead to life-threatening complications. Early diagnosis and immediate therapy are essential for a successful outcome.
Porcine Dermal Xenograft as Augmentation in the Treatment of Large Rotator Cuff Tears: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Results at 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Castagna Alessandro , Cesari Eugenio , Di Matteo Berardo , Osimani Marcello , Garofalo Raffaele , Kon Elizaveta , Marcacci Maurilio , Chillemi Claudio
Published: December 2018

Purpose The aim of the present retrospective study is to describe the results obtained at 2-year follow-up by using a porcine dermis-derived collagen membrane implanted as augmentation to treat large rotator cuff tears.

Methods Thirty-five patients in total were included according to the following criteria: large or massive rotator cuff tear, confirmed during surgery, measuring between 3 and 5 cm in width and stage 1 to 2 fatty infiltration documented at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients underwent arthroscopic repair of the cuff augmented by the implantation of a porcine dermal collagen membrane. Patients were evaluated up to 24 months after surgery by the Constant score and MRI imaging to assess functional outcomes and re-tear rate. The results obtained were compared to those of a matched cohort of 35 patients operated by arthroscopic repair alone by the same surgical team.

Results The application of the porcine membrane proved to be safe without scaffold-related adverse events documented. A statistically significant difference in the Constant score in favor of the treatment group was documented at the final evaluation (p = 0.036). Furthermore, a subgroup analysis revealed that patients treated by augmentation and presenting re-tear at MRI showed a significantly higher functional outcome compared with control patients with MRI evidence of re-tear (p = 0.0136).

Conclusion Arthroscopic repair augmented by porcine dermal xenograft for the treatment of chronic and retracted rotator cuff tears with low-grade fatty degeneration proved to be safe and also effective, with higher functional score compared with the arthroscopic repair alone.

Level of Evidence This is a Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Microsurgical Resection of Craniocervical Dermoid Cyst by Far Lateral Approach: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Meguins Lucas , Spotti Antonio , Morais Dionei , Rocha Carlos , Caramanti Ricardo , Góes Mario
Published: December 2018

Introduction Intracranial dermoid tumors represent a rare clinical entity that accounts for 0.04 to 0.6% of all intracranial tumors. Their location in the posterior fossa is uncommon.

Objectives To report the case of a young woman with a posterior fossa dermoid cyst treated by right far lateral approach.

Case Report A 17-year-old woman presenting with swallowing difficulties for 6 weeks was referred for a neurological investigation. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed a hyperintense T1-weighted large expansive lesion occupying the posterior fossa and compressing the anterior face of the brain stem and cerebellum. The patient underwent surgical treatment by right far lateral approach with decompression of vascular and neural structures. The patient presented an uneventful recovery, and was discharged home on the fourth postoperative day without any additional neurological deficits. The anatomopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of dermoid cyst.

Conclusion The far lateral approach is a safe and feasible route to appropriately treat large posterior fossa dermoid cysts. Decompression of vascular and neural structures is essential to achieve good symptom control.
Polygene Formen der Adipositas und Störungs-übergreifende Analysen
Authors: Giuranna J. , Antel J. , Libuda L. , Reinehr T. , Peters T. , Hebebrand J. , Hinney A.
Published: December 2018

Neben monogenen Formen und Hauptgen-Effekten sind für die genetische Prädisposition zur Adipositas polygene Mechanismen relevant. Meta-Analysen von genom-weiten Assoziationsstudien (GWAMA) haben mehr als 700 polygene Loci oder Polygene identifiziert, die genom-weit mit dem Body Mass index (BMI) assoziiert sind. Diese prädisponierenden Genvarianten (Allele) finden sich bei adipösen Probanden häufiger als bei normalgewichtigen oder schlanken Individuen. Mittels statistischer Analysen wurden diese Allele als Adipositas-Risikoallele klassifiziert. Jede einzelne polygene Variante leistet nur einen kleinen Beitrag zur Entwicklung einer Adipositas und erhöht das Gewicht pro Risikoallel nur um ca. hundert Gramm bis 1,5 Kilogramm. Der Erfolg der GWAMA hat in letzter Zeit Phänotyp übergreifende, sogenannte Cross- Disorder- und Cross-Phänotyp-Analysen, ermöglicht. Dabei können Risiko-Gene identifiziert werden, die mittels Analysen der einzelnen Erkrankungen / Phänotypen nicht entdeckt werden konnten. Funktionelle Studien (in vitro und in vivo) der GWAMA-abgeleiteten Polygene können zu einem besseren Verständnis der Mechanismen der Körpergewichtsregulation führen.
Unterschiede in der Mahlzeitenhäufigkeit und Kohlenhydrataufnahme von Heranwachsenden mit Typ-1-Diabetes und stoffwechselgesunden Gleichaltrigen und Zusammenhang zur Stoffwechselkontrolle
Authors: Bächle Christina , Hoyer Annika , Castillo-Reinado Katty , Stahl-Pehe Anna , Kuß Oliver , Holl Reinhard , Kersting Mathilde , Rosenbauer Joachim ,   In Zusammenarbeit mit der Erhebungseinheit für Seltene Pädiatrische Erkrankungen in Deutschland (ESPED) und der DPV-Wiss-Initiative, unterstützt durch das Deutsche Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V. (DZD)
Published: December 2018

Ziel Die Ernährung von Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes kann sich aufgrund von krankheitsbedingten Faktoren, die wiederum den Diabetesverlauf beeinflussen können, von der Ernährung gesunder Gleichaltriger unterscheiden. In dieser Querschnittsstudie wurden die Mahlzeitenhäufigkeit sowie die daraus resultierende Kohlenhydrataufnahme bei Heranwachsenden mit intensiv behandeltem Typ-1-Diabetes und stoffwechselgesunden Gleichaltrigen verglichen und Zusammenhänge mit der Stoffwechselkontrolle unter den Diabetespatienten analysiert.

Methoden Die Ernährungsdaten von 712 11- bis unter 19-Jährigen einer bundesweiten populationsbasierten Erhebung zum Verlauf des früh manifesten Typ-1-Diabetes (52,7 % männlich, Durchschnittsalter 15,6 Jahre) wurden mit 949 Ernährungsprotokollen von 296 stoffwechselgesunden Teilnehmern der DONALD Kohortenstudie (49,7 % männlich, Durchschnittsalter 14,4 Jahre) unter Anwendung linearer gemischter Modelle verglichen. Außerdem wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen der Mahlzeitenhäufigkeit und / oder dem Kohlenhydratverzehr mit der Stoffwechselkontrolle (HbA1c) mit Hilfe multipler linearer Regressionsmodelle analysiert.

Ergebnisse Nach einer umfassenden Adjustierung verzehrten die Diabetespatienten durchschnittlich 4,6 [95 %-Konfidenzintervall 3,6; 5,5] Mahlzeiten pro Woche mehr, jedoch 75,9 [64,5; 87,3] Gramm Kohlenhydrate pro Tag weniger als die Vergleichsgruppe. Die Häufigkeit des Frühstückens, Mittagessens, Abendessens und der Einnahme von Zwischenmahlzeiten war bei Patienten mit Diabetes höher, dagegen nahmen sie bei jeder Mahlzeit weniger Kohlenhydrate zu sich. Die Gesamt-Kohlenhydrataufnahme sowie die Aufnahme von Kohlenhydraten beim Frühstück waren mit höheren HbA1c-Werten verbunden, während eine erhöhte Frühstücksfrequenz mit niedrigeren HbA1c-Werten einherging.

Schlussfolgerung Es bestand ein Unterschied in der Mahlzeitenhäufigkeit und Kohlenhydrataufnahme von Heranwachsenden mit früh manifestem Typ-1-Diabetes und Gleichaltrigen ohne Diabetes. Die beobachteten Zusammenhänge mit der Stoffwechselkontrolle stellen das Konzept einer völlig liberalisierten Essfrequenz und Kohlenhydrataufnahme bei Patienten mit intensivierter Insulintherapie infrage.
Shear horizontal wave in a classical elastic half-space covered by a surface membrane treated by the couple stress theory
Authors: Xu L. M. , Fan H.
Published: December 2018

In the present study, we examine the surface shear horizontal (SH) wave in a classical linear elastic half-space covered by a surface layer modeled by the couple stress theory [Mindlin and Tiersten, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 11, 415 (1962)]. The boundary conditions on the surface of the half space are translated into the “body” forces in the surface layer according to the surface elasticity proposed by Gurtin and Murdoch [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 57, 291 (1975)]. Combining the surface elasticity and the couple stress theory, we find that the surface SH waves are only available for a limited range of wavelengths due to the presence of the micro-length in the couple stress theory.
Interface driven thermal rectification in a graphene–bilayer graphene junction from nonequilibrium molecular dynamics
Authors: López-Suárez Miquel , Neri Igor , Rurali Riccardo
Published: December 2018

We report on a series of controlled computational experiments based on nonequilibrium molecular dynamics and show that at the nanoscale, the thermal rectification is determined by the thermal boundary resistance, i.e., the thermal resistance of the interface, and cannot be explained without it. In the graphene–bilayer graphene system that we study, the sign of the thermal rectification is opposite to the value predicted from bulk-derived models, i.e., phonons preferentially flow in the opposite direction. This behavior derives from the temperature dependence of the thermal boundary resistance and from the fact that the latter, at the nanoscale, has large relative weight compared to the total thermal resistance. These results outline the importance of properly accounting for the active role of the interface.
Semi-analytical approaches to study hot electrons in the shock ignition regime
Authors: Afshari M. , Antonelli L. , Barbato F. , Folpini G. , Jakubowska K. , Krousky E. , Renner O. , Smid M. , Batani D.
Published: December 2018

The hot electron role in shock generation and energy deposition to the hot dense core is crucial for the shock ignition scheme, implying the need for their characterization at laser intensities of interest for shock ignition. In this paper, we analyze the experimental results obtained at the PALS laboratory and provide an estimation of hot electron temperature and conversion efficiency using a semi-analytical approach, including Harrach-Kidder's model.
Numerical investigation of ionic conductor liquid charging at low to high voltages
Authors: Kashir Babak , Perri Anthony E. , Yarin Alexander L. , Mashayek Farzad
Published: December 2018

A numerical modeling of electrification and ion transport in ionic conductor liquids (oils) is conducted while allowing for the Frumkin-Butler-Volmer kinetics responsible for the ion transfer at metal electrode surfaces. The numerically predicted near-electrode polarized layer is validated against a boundary layer analytical solution for low voltages also developed in this paper. Another benchmark related to microchannels with dielectric walls with a non-zero ζ-potential is used to validate the implementation of the Coulombic body force responsible for the electro-osmotic flow. Finally, the case of an electrohydrodynamic flow in a microchannel (a model for the flow and charging inside an electrostatic atomizer) with two metal electrodes of opposite polarity attached is considered aiming at the prediction of the resulting net charge at the channel exit. The charging electrodes occupy only a fraction of the channel walls, which are otherwise insulated. It is shown that the considered channel length does not play a role in determining the available net charge achieved at the exit. Indeed, the value of the spray current practically does not vary along the exit section of the channel (behind the electrode part), which means that irrespective of the exit location, the spray current would be the same. Moreover, it is shown that in the present case, the role of the Smoluchowski slip near the electrodes is negligibly small compared to the viscous scraping of the polarized layer under any realistic values of the imposed longitudinal electric field.
High pressure crystal structure of nitroethane
Authors: Yoshinaka Akio , Desgreniers Serge , Hu Anguang
Published: December 2018

Ambient temperature static high pressure compression of liquid nitroethane has been performed using the diamond anvil technique. The first transition to a crystalline powder around 4.2 GPa did not return reliable indexing solutions and could be the result of a mixture of phases. Subsequent cycling of the pressure apparatus with the same sample triggered a solid-solid transition around 4.9-4.3 GPa on the downstroke. Indexing returned a monoclinic structure with spacegroup P21 or P21/m which is consistent with the lowest enthalpy solution predicted from density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed in this study, namely, P21. Attempts to reproduce the first anomalous mixture of phases with other samples were not successful; rather, the numerically preferred monoclinic structure manifests itself after a liquid-solid transition around 4.3-3.6 GPa, a value consistent with the results of a previous study. The transition typically occurs more readily on the downstroke. Incomplete Debye rings resulting from preferred orientation complicates any Rietveld refinement, though the DFT simulations predict 2 molecules per unit cell. Unit cell volumes during the upstroke were within 3% of that predicted by DFT calculations. This departure increases to about 9% below that from DFT predictions during the downstroke suggesting the presence of residual stresses due to non-hydrostatic conditions. Finally, a sudden relief in d-spacing values around 3.7-4.3 GPa during the downstroke is thought to be due to the influence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
High-resolution angle-resolved lateral piezoresponse force microscopy: Visualization of in-plane piezoresponse vectors
Authors: Chu Kanghyun , Yang Chan-Ho
Published: December 2018

Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a widely used tool for ferroelectric domain imaging. Lateral PFM (LPFM) utilizes the torsional vibration mode of a probe cantilever; it can distinguish ferroelectric domains having different polarizations with respect to the axis perpendicular to the cantilever, but it is blind to the parallel axis innately. We introduce a high-resolution angle-resolved-LPFM technique that is capable of visualizing full two-dimensional in-plane piezoresponse vector fields. The LPFM signal is analyzed for each pixel with respect to the sample-probe orientation angle with the aid of an image registration technique, and the corresponding local in-plane piezoresponse vector is deduced from the amplitude and phase of the trigonometric curve fitting. This technique provides a pathway for the visualization of complicated ferroelectric and piezoelectric structures.
Titan Lakes Simulation System (TiLSS): A cryogenic experimental setup to simulate Titan’s liquid hydrocarbon surfaces
Authors: Mahjoub Ahmed , Choukroun Mathieu , Hodyss Robert , Sotin Christophe , Beauchamp Patricia , Barmatz Martin
Published: December 2018

Titan’s hydrocarbon lakes play an important role in the chemistry, geomorphology, and climate of the satellite. Our knowledge of their composition relies mainly on thermodynamic modeling and assumptions based on Cassini Radar and VIMS (Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) data. Several thermodynamic models have been used to calculate the composition of these lakes, and their results on even the major lake components (methane, ethane, propane, and nitrogen) exhibit large discrepancies. Recent Cassini radar observations revealed an echo from the lake’s bottom. A low loss factor of attenuation is needed within the lakes to interpret these observations, and it has been suggested that the lakes are dominated by methane. Cassini VIMS data obtained on the North Pole lakes at three-year intervals showed no detectable surface level change, which is consistent with ethane being their primary constituent. This additional discrepancy between thermodynamic models and Cassini data strongly shows the need for experimental measurements under realistic Titan conditions in order to better constrain the thermodynamic models. We designed and built a cryogenic experimental platform allowing the simulation of Titan’s lakes. This facility, named Titan Lakes Simulation System (TiLSS), produces liquid hydrocarbons in equilibrium with a gas phase mimicking Titan’s atmosphere. Samples of the condensed liquid are injected directly into a gas chromatograph allowing the direct measurement of its chemical components and their abundances. To test the overall operation of the system, a gas mixture of methane and ethane was condensed under 1.5 bar of nitrogen and analyzed. Results from this proof of concept test are in good agreement with experimental studies previously published.
Anisotropic lattice strain induced by the enhanced electronic hybridization in SrTiO3
Authors: Wang Kang , Wang Chenxiang , Huang Shisong , Xie Weimei , Cai H. L. , Zhang F. M. , Wu X. S.
Published: December 2018

We introduce enhanced hybridization of Ti 3d-O 2p electronic states by applying an inhomogeneous electric field to a perovskite oxide, SrTiO3, which leads to lattice deformation through electrostriction and the converse flexoelectric effect. However, unlike most studies revealing lattice responses to dipolar polarization, the enhanced electronic hybridization introduced in SrTiO3 is not strong enough to compensate local repulsions and gives rise to the off-centered Ti displacement. This is consistent with the fact that SrTiO3 has a small vibronic coupling constant compared to other ferroelectric materials. In situ time-dependent X-ray diffraction studies reveal lattice relaxation. Band structures and electronic hybridization play important roles in lattice relaxation, which is different from the relaxation of metals where the carrier concentration may be dominant. Our results provide insight into the coupling behaviors between the lattice and electronic hybridization, considering both static and dynamic aspects.
On the role of separatrix instabilities in heating the reconnection outflow region
Authors: Hesse M. , Norgren C. , Tenfjord P. , Burch J. L. , Liu Y.-H. , Chen L.-J. , Bessho N. , Wang S. , Nakamura R. , Eastwood J. P. , Hoshino M. , Torbert R. B. , Ergun R. E.
Published: December 2018

A study of the role microinstabilities at the reconnection separatrix can play in heating the electrons during the transition from inflow to outflow is being presented. We find that very strong flow shears at the separatrix layer lead to counterstreaming electron distributions in the region around the separatrix, which become unstable to a beam-type instability. Similar to what has been seen in earlier research, the ensuing instability leads to the formation of propagating electrostatic solitons. We show here that this region of strong electrostatic turbulence is the predominant electron heating site when transiting from inflow to outflow. The heating is the result of heating generated by electrostatic turbulence driven by overlapping beams, and its macroscopic effect is a quasi-viscous contribution to the overall electron energy balance. We suggest that instabilities at the separatrix can play a key role in the overall electron energy balance in magnetic reconnection.
Magnetic resonance imaging of strain in elastic gels
Authors: Serša Igor
Published: December 2018

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also be used for studying different material conditions, including strain, which is the subject of this study. A pair of pulsed magnetic field gradients combined with the spin-echo imaging sequence [pulsed-gradient spin-echo (PGSE)] enables the detection of small sample displacements that are induced in the time between the gradient pulses. The displacements are registered in the image phase shift, which is then processed by the phase unwarping algorithm and phase background correction. The processed phase shift can then be used to calculate sample displacements by multiplying it with the corresponding calibration constant. Finally, the strain tensor can be calculated from the map of sample displacements. In the study, the PGSE imaging method was tested on a gelatin sample. While being MRI scanned, the sample was deformed synchronously with the imaging sequence using a special MRI-compatible apparatus for inducing sample deformations. The apparatus was based on the use of compressed air that was directed via a nozzle on the surface of the sample in pulses controlled by transistor-transistor logic pulses of the spectrometer. With the 20 ms pulses of compressed air at a pressure of 0.5 bar, sample displacements of up to 300 μm were detected at the impact point of compressed air, while the detection threshold was at 0.7 μm. Results of the PGSE method were also compared with the tagging method. The study was performed in 2D; however, the method can be implemented also in 3D, thus enabling the measurement of the full strain tensor.
Density irregularities, currents, and magnetic fields generated by pulsed local rf heating of a magnetoplasma: Disturbances in rf antenna vicinity
Authors: Aidakina N. , Gushchin M. , Zudin I. , Korobkov S. , Strikovskiy A.
Published: December 2018

The dynamics of narrow, field-aligned magnetoplasma irregularities is studied, which develop under the action of a short rf pulse. The laboratory experiment is aimed at demonstrating the rapid, so-called “unipolar” plasma transport mode, which is accompanied by excitation of eddy currents, in the case of localized rf heating of plasma electrons. The experimental parameters are chosen in a special way. The size of the heating spot, determined by the diameter of the loop antenna, exceeds the electron gyroradius significantly but is smaller than the ion gyroradius. The rf pulse duration encompasses several electron collision times but is shorter than the gyroperiod of ions. As a result, the electrons, which are strongly magnetized, acquire energy in rf antenna vicinity and can escape the heating region only along the magnetic field B0. In turn, collisionless ions can travel across B0 under the action of space-charge electric fields. For these conditions, redistribution of the plasma occurs with “unipolar” transport coefficients and is accompanied by excitation of electric currents. Weak plasma density disturbances, which are less than 5% of the background, are measured precisely with a microwave resonator probe. Parallel electron currents are obtained from magnetic probe measurements; the ion current across B0 is restored from the density profile modifications in their dynamics. It is shown that the ions traveling across B0 with a velocity about one third of the ion-acoustic velocity can easily close the current loop, which is driven by the parallel motion of heated electrons. This regime of plasma irregularities evolution is discussed in application to previous laboratory measurements, as well as to active ionospheric experiments.