bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of sarA Mutation on Immune System Evasion and Stress Response in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: A. Hagag Yomna , Elgaml Abdelaziz , Hassan Ramadan , I. Kenawy Hany
Published: February 2021

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen responsible for a large
number of infections. In S. aureus, SarA is an important global locus responsible for the
regulation of virulence factors, as well as biofilm formation. Objectives: The aim of this
work is to clarify the impact of SarA on biofilm formation, immune system evasion, as
well as the survival of S. aureus under stress conditions. Methodology: A comparative
study between S. aureus wild type strain, sarA mutant and complemented strains was
established addressing the biofilm formation, opsonization, phagocytosis, as well as
ability of the bacterium to survive in stressful environments including acidic pH,
hyperosmotic and oxidative stress. The in vitro experiments were confirmed by
challenging of mice via intraperitoneal injection with the wild type strain, sarA mutant
and complemented strains. Results: Mutation of sarA diminished significantly biofilm
formation. Moreover, this mutation resulted in a slight decrease in the deposition of the
most important opsonin in complement-mediated immunity, named C3 on S. aureus cells.
However, this mutation was associated with a significant enhancement of bacterial
phagocytosis and killing by human neutrophils. Furthermore, this mutation altered
bacterial survival in stressful conditions. It is also noteworthy that sarA mutation
resulted in a significant higher survival rates during the challenging of mice.
Conclusion: SarA plays a role as a key regulator of biofilm formation, which in turn has
a great impact on immune system evasion through affecting opsonization and
phagocytosis. In addition, SarA improves the ability of S. aureus to survive in stressful
conditions.
Localization and Characterization of MupA Gene in High and Low-Level Mupirocin Resistant Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: S. Mostaf Marwa , R. Awad Alaa
Published: February 2021

Background: Two types of mupirocin resistance among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been reported; low-level mupirocin resistance (LL-MR), and high-level mupirocin resistance (HL-MR). The mupA gene is typically located on mobile genetic elements which facilitate the resistance dissemination.
Objective: The aim of this work was to identify the mupA gene location, as well as the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns in high and low-level mupirocin resistant MRSA.
Methodology: This study was conducted on 100 MRSA isolates; seven of them were mupirocin resistant. The E test was used to identify high and low level mupirocin resistance. Amplification of mupA gene in total and plasmid DNA was performed. We also detected the spacer region (trsLM–IS257-like–mupA) in the 7 isolates by PCR then we investigated its RFLP patterns. Results: Four MR MRSA isolates had low level resistance, their MupA gene was located on chromosomal DNA, whereas, three isolates showed high level MR, their MupA gene was located on plasmid DNA. Four types of different RFLP patterns of the spacer region were identified;
type-1 included two LL-MR isolates, each of type-2 and 3 included both HL-MR and LL-MR isolates, and type-4 included one HL-MR isolate.
Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus mupA gene responsible for LL-MR is located on the chromosome while that responsible for HL-MR is plasmid-mediated. The spacer region variations appear to occur in both chromosomal and plasmid-located mupA gene regardless the type of mupirocin resistance.
Franco en Portugal: la revitalización de los mitos franquistas para romper el cerco internacional
Authors: Sanz Hernando Clara , Cabrera Ana
Published: February 2021

El trabajo analiza la visita de Estado que Franco realizó al Portugal de Sa­lazar, en octubre de 1949. Este viaje se preparó con fines propagandísticos para romper el aislamiento internacio­nal de España y mejorar la imagen del caudillo en el exterior. Con la utilización de las perspectivas histórica, cuantitati­va, cualitativa y comparativa se analiza este acontecimiento y las informaciones que proporcionaron dos diarios espa­ñoles (ABC y Arriba) y dos portugueses (Diário de Notícias y Diário da Man­hã), sometidos a un potente sistema de censura y consignas. La investigación concluye que un formidable aparato propagandístico convirtió este acto en un éxito. Para este fin, se recuperó y re­vitalizó el arsenal mitológico creado por el régimen desde la misma Guerra Civil. En el nuevo contexto de la Guerra Fría, el caudillo apareció como un adelanta­do a su época por haber frenado al co­munismo desde el 18 de julio de 1936.   Franco in Portugal: The Revitalisation of Franquist Myths in Order to Break International Barriers This study analyses Franco’s state visit to Salazar’s Portugal in October 1949. This visit was organized with the pro­pagandist aim of improving Franco’s international image and thus breaking Spain’s isolation. This event is analysed using historical, quantitative, qualita­tive and comparative perspectives to assess two Spanish (ABC and Arriba) and two Portuguese (Diário de Notí­cias and Diário da Manhã) daily news­papers, all subject to strong censorship mechanisms. This study concludes that a formidable propagandistic structure made a success out of the visit. To this end, the arsenal of myths created by the regime from the time of the Spanish Civil War was recovered and revitalised. In the new context of the Cold War, Franco was seen as a leader who was ahead of his time for having put an end to communism on July 18, 1936.
‘Brand Placement’ en los videoclips del Billboard Hot 100: ¿integración o imposición de marcas?
Authors: Sánchez Olmos Cande , Segarra Saavedra Jesús , Hidalgo Marí Tatiana
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza el brand place­ment del top 30 de la lista de éxitos Billboard Hot 100 de 2016. Para ello se proponen los siguientes objetivos espe­cíficos: conocer qué artistas, marcas y productos aparecen en los hits interna­cionales; observar el tiempo que ocupan las marcas en los videoclips y analizar si las marcas se integran o se imponen forzando la narrativa del videoclip. La metodología —que combina técnicas cualitativas y técnicas cuantitativas— se inicia con un análisis de contenido que pretende medir la frecuencia y el modo en que las marcas son integradas en los videoclips. En segundo lugar, se aplica un análisis cualitativo con pers­pectiva semiótica para observar la in­tegración de las marcas en el discurso audiovisual. La muestra se centra en la lista de éxitos Billboard, la más im­portante de la industria de la música a escala internacional en 2016, un año que destaca por la recuperación del sector discográfico. Los resultados apuntan que el videoclip se convierte en un so­porte promocional de especial interés para las marcas y permiten confirmar que la presencia de las marcas varía desde un emplazamiento impuesto a una integración sutil, pero perfecta­mente reconocibles por la audiencia.   Brand Placement in Billboard Hot 100 Music Videos: Brand Integration or Imposition? This paper analyses brand placement in the top 30 music videos on the Bill­board Hot 100 chart in 2016. To that end, three specific objectives are propo­sed. First, the paper will identify the ar­tists, brands and products that appear in these international hits. Second, the paper will focus on the duration of time occupied by the brands in the music videos. Finally, the article will examine whether the brands have been integra­ted into or, on the contrary, imposed on and forced into the narrative of the mu­sic video. The methodology, which com­bines qualitative and quantitative tech­niques, begins with a content analysis intended to measure the frequency and way in which the brands are integrated into the music videos. Then a qualita­tive analysis will be carried out from a semiotic perspective in order to discern the degree of integration or imposition of brands in the audiovisual discourse of the music video. The sample is drawn from the Billboard Hot 100 chart, which was the most important list in the inter­national music industry in 2016, a year that stands out because of the recovery of the record industry. The results indi­cate that music videos have become an advertising format of special interest to brands and confirm that the presence of brands ranges from imposed placement to subtle integration, but that they are perfectly recognisable to the audience in either case.
Growing Fusion of Populism and Euroscepticism in Italy: A Comparative Analysis of the League and The Five Star Movement
Authors: Öner Selcen
Published: February 2021

There has been a growing fusion of populism and Euroscepticism in European politics, especially after recent economic and migration crises. Despite being a founding EU member and one of the most Europhile countries, Italy has seen the simultaneous rise of populism and Euroscepticism, especially after the last national elections in 2018. After introducing its conceptual and analytical framework, based on the growing fusion of populism and Euroscepticism, this article compares the League and the Five Star Movement (M5S) in terms of populism and Euroscepticism and their policies before the last European Parliament elections in 2019. The qualitative analysis is based on semi-structured, face-to-face, indepth interviews with elite and expert participants conducted by the author in Italy in 2018.
Audiovisual Representation in Spanish and European Election Debates
Authors: Sánchez Castillo Sebastián , Galán-Cubillo Esteban , Gifreu-Castells Arnau
Published: February 2021

The presence of ever more conflicting stances between Europhiles and Eurosceptics has revealed some audiovisual discourses unknown until now. The fragmentation of inconclusive narrative discourse and staged situations with a clear intent to clash all make it necessary to analyse in detail the role given by the audiovisual media to the European process of democratisation. This study addresses the audiovisual discourse in Spanish public television (TVE) with the intention of discovering how the different topics addressed in debates are dealt with in audiovisual production, and whether those topics have benefited from certain decisions by the production team that are subjective a priori. Using external codifiers, the intensity of each question has been checked and the result has been correlated with the dependent variables “[camera] shot with question while listening” and “shot with question with split screen”. The variables have been subjected to descriptive analyses, correlation with hypotheses, and bivariate analyses using Pearson’s correlation (Rx-y). The results indicate a clear difference in the modes of television representation between national Spanish and European debates. It is discussed whether this audiovisual differentiation may condition the perception that the audience may have of European politics.
Analisis Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Pemberian Kredit Terhadap Tingkat Profitabilitas Pada Bank BPR Mega Mas Lestari tahun 2016-2018 Kabupaten Karimun
Authors: Fauzan Haqiqi  , Darmawan  , Kasirul Fadli
Published: February 2021

Salah satu cara perusahaan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yaitu dengan memberikan kredit pada nasabahnya. Kredit sangat penting bagi profitabilitas karena dengan adanya peningkatan atau perkembangan kredit yang disalurkan setiap tahunnya, maka akan meningkatkan pula profitabilitasnya. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara Parsial antara Likuiditas (X1) terhadap Tingkat Profitabilitas (Y), Pemberian Kredit (X2) terhadap Tingkat Profitabilitas (Y) dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara Simultan antara Likuiditas (X1) dan Pemberian Kredit (X2) terhadap Profitabilitas (Y) pada Bank BPR Mega Mas Lestari Tahun 2016-2018. Hasil penelitian; Uji t (Parsial) membuktikan Hipotesis Pertama (Ha1) diterima, artinya terdapat pengaruh variabel Likuiditas (X1) terhadap Profitabilitas (Y), dimana nilai thitung (7,553) > t Tabel (2,042), dan berdasarkan nilai signifikan, Nilai sig 0,000 < 0,05. Uji t (Parsial) membuktikan Hipotesis Kedua (Ha2) ditolak, artinya tidak terdapat pengaruh variabel Pemberian Kredit (X2) terhadap Profitabilitas (Y), dimana nilai thitung (0,955) < t Tabel (2,042), dan berdasarkan nilai signifikan, Nilai sig 0,347 > 0,05. Uji f (simultan) membuktikan Hipotesis ketiga (Ha3) diterima artinya terdapat Pengaruh variabel Likuiditas (X1) dan variabel Pemberian Kredit (X2) terhadap Profitabilitas (Y), berdasarkan output SPSS didapati nilai F hitung sebesar 162.883. Karena nilai Fhitung (162.883) > F Tabel (3,305) maka Ha3 Diterima dan Ho3 Ditolak dan berdasarkan nilai sig 0,00 < 0,05. Uji Detreminan membuktikan nilai R Square 0,910 dengan variable independen X1 dan X2. Artinya bahwa kontribusi nilai X1 dan X2 dalam menjelaskan variable Y ialah sebesar 91,6% dan dan sisanya 8,4% dijelaskan oleh variable lain diluar variable yang diuji.

Kata Lunci: Likuiditas, Pemberian Kredit, Profitabilitas
PENGARUH HUMAN RESORCE PRACTICE TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DAN DAMPAKNYA TEHADAP KOMITMEN AGEN ASURANSI
Authors: Arsadi  , Tegor
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini didesain untuk menguji pengaruh secara empiris antara dua atau lebih variabelpenelitian yang telah dirumuskan dalam hipotesis. Variabel penelitian yang digunakan adalahhuman resource practice (reward, training, person-job fit), kepuasan kerja, dan komitmenkaryawan. Variabel eksogen dalam penelitian ini adalah human resource practice (reward,training, person-job fit. Variabel endogen dalam penelitian ini adalah kepuasan kerja dankomitmen karyawan. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan metode analisisdata menggunakan partial least square. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa hanya hipotesis2 dan hipotesis 6 yang tidak signifikan yaitu tidak terdapat pengaruh training terhadap kepuasankerja dan tidak terdapat pengaruh training terhadap komitmen karyawan melalui kepuasan kerja.
EUGENIA DE MONTIJO: APROXIMACIÓN HERMENÉUTICA A LA EMPERATRIZ EN LOS DISCURSOS DEL DUQUE DE ALBA EN OXFORD Y BARCELONA (1940-1947)
Authors: Sánchez García José Luis , Díez Sanz Juan María
Published: February 2021

Tratamos de trazar los perfiles de una semblanza de Doña Eugenia, a partir de lo que hemos titulado “Una aproximación hermenéutica a los discursos de Oxford y Barcelona de 1940-47”, del que fuera Duque de Alba y Director de la Real Academia de la Historia, su sobrino-nieto D. Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó, sobre la que consideraba su abuela, la Emperatriz Eugenia de Montijo, a la que trató desde su infancia, en las diversas etapas y momentos de su vida, en una relación entrañable que culminó cuando la acogió en su propia casa, ya en España, al final de sus días.
EUGENIA DE MONTIJO: MUJER Y REGENTE. SU PAPEL POLÍTICO VISTO POR LA PRENSA ESPAÑOLA
Authors: Barreiro Cristina
Published: February 2021

En 1853 se convirtió por matrimonio en Emperatriz de los Franceses. El ascenso social de la española provocó un aluvión de informaciones en la Prensa ensalzando las bondades de la elegida por Napoleón III. Sus vínculos con la aristocracia española –su madre había tratado de emparentarla con el Duque de Sesto- y el papel de su hermana Paca, Duquesa de Alba, hacían de Eugenia de Guzmán y Portocarrero una candidata diferente a cuantas “matrimoniables” pudiesen haberse sospechado. No poseía en Francia familia a quien colmar de honores y dignidades, como el propio Emperador puso de manifiesto cuando en 1853 presentó a su prometida a las corporaciones oficiales del Estado. A priori su posición podría parecer limitada al papel institucional conferido por su nuevo rango y reducido a tareas de corte social o asistencial, que también desempeñará con solvencia. Sin embargo las circunstancias estratégico-militares del III Imperio Francés, así como el propio carácter de la protagonista, llevarán a la Emperatriz Eugenia a ocupar puestos notables de responsabilidad política.
ANALISIS YURIDIS HAK EX OFFICIO HAKIM DALAM PERKARA CERAI GUGAT (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Agama Martapura Nomor 318/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Mtp)
Authors: Fuadi Ahmad Syarif , Eka Saputra Dadin , Munajah Munajah
Published: February 2021

Pasal 41 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan mengatur akibat putusnya perkawinan karena perceraian baik cerai talak maupun cerai gugat. Pasal 149 Kompilasi Hukum Islam secara khusus mengatur tentang akibat hukum perceraian yang diajukan oleh suami (cerai talak) saja. Berdasarkan Pasal 149 Kompilasi Hukum Islam tersebut pada umumnya hakim tidak menghukum suami untuk memberikan mut’ah dan nafkah iddah. Namun dalam putusan perkara nomor 318/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Mtp, Majelis Hakim mengadili putusan perkara cerai gugat menggunakan hak ex officio nya dan menghukum kepada tergugat (suami) untuk membayar nafkah Iddah dan mut’ah meskipun penggugat (istri) tidak menuntut hal tersebut dan tergugat tidak pernah hadir dalam persidangan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pertimbangan hakim dalam pemberian mut’ah dan nafkah iddah dalam perkara cerai gugat dan mengetahui bagaimana analisis yuridis terhadap putusan perkara tersebut. Metodologi yang digunakan yakni yuridis normatif dengan membahas doktrin-doktrin atau asas-asas dalam ilmu hukum dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual kemudian dianalisa secara kualitatif yuridis sehingga dapat memberikan jawaban atas permasalahan tersebut. Adapun hasil analisanya antara lain : 1) Penerapan hak ex officio hakim dengan menghukum suami untuk membayar mut’ah dan nafkah iddah kepada mantan istri pada perkara 318/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Mtp tersebut telah sesuai berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 41 huruf (c) UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 jo Pasal 149 huruf a Kompilasi Hukum Islam namun demikian hakim menjatuhkan putusan melebihi apa yang dituntut sehingga menyimpangi ketentuan yang diatur pada Pasal 178 ayat (3) HIR/ Pasal 189 ayat (3) RBg dan melanggar asas ultra petita.   2) Penjatuhan amar putusan dengan pembebanan terhadap tergugat untuk membayar nafkah iddah, mut’ah dan nafkah anak yang menimbulkan kewajiban kepada tergugat seharusnya mempertimbangkan kehadiran mantan suami dan kemampuan serta kebutuhan kehidupan yang layak bagi tergugat, sebagaimana asas audi et alteram partem dalam Pasal 4 ayat (1) UU Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, sehingga tidak berakibat putusan tidak dapat dilaksanakan (illusoir).
Simulation of rainfall ﬁelds conditioned on rain gauge observations
and radar estimates using random mixing
Authors: Yan Jieru , Li Fei , Bárdossy András , Tao Tao
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The accuracy of spatial precipitation estimates with the relatively high temporospatial resolution is of vital importance in various fields of research and practice. Yet the intricate variability and the intermittent nature of precipitation make it very difficult to obtain accurate spatial precipitation estimates. Radar and rain gauge are two complementary sources of precipitation information: the former is inaccurate in general but is a valid indicator for the spatial pattern of the rainfall field; the latter is relatively accurate but lack spatial coverage. Considering the pros and cons of the two sources of precipitation information, a number of radar-gauge merging techniques have been developed to obtain spatial precipitation estimates over the past years. Conditional simulation has great potential to be used in spatial precipitation estimation. Unlike the commonly used interpolation methods, the results from the conditional simulation is a range of possible estimates due to its Monte Carlo framework. Yet an obstacle that hampers the application of conditional simulation in spatial precipitation estimation is how to obtain the marginal distribution function of the rainfall field with accuracy. In this work, we propose a method to obtain the marginal distribution function of the rainfall field based on rain gauge observations and radar estimates. The conditional simulation method, random mixing (RM), is used to simulate rainfall fields. The properties of the results from the proposed method are elaborated through the comparison with the results from other methods: ordinary kriging, kriging with external drift, and conditional merging. Finally, the sensitivity of the proposed method towards the two factors – density of rain gauges and random error in radar estimates – is analyzed.
A novel sample handling system for dissolution dynamic nuclear
polarization experiments
Authors: Kress Thomas , Che Kateryna , Epasto Ludovica M. , Kozak Fanny , Olsen Gregory L. , Selimovic Albina , Kurzbach Dennis
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We present a system for facilitated sample vitrification, melting, and transfer in dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DDNP) experiments. For DDNP, a sample is typically hyperpolarized at cryogenic temperatures before dissolution with hot solvent and transfer to a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer for detection in the liquid state. The resulting signal enhancements can exceed four orders of magnitude. However, the sudden temperature jump from cryogenic temperatures close to 1 K to ambient conditions imposes a particular challenge. It is necessary to rapidly melt the sample to avoid a prohibitively fast decay of hyperpolarization. Here, we demonstrate a sample dissolution method that facilitates the temperature jump by eliminating the need to open the cryostat used to cool the sample. This is achieved by inserting the sample through an airlock in combination with a dedicated dissolution system that is inserted through the same airlock shortly before the melting event. The advantages are threefold: 1. The cryostat can be operated continuously at low temperatures. 2. The melting process is rapid as no pressurization steps of the cryostat are required. 3. Blockages of the dissolution system due to freezing of solvents during melting and transfer are minimized.
El matriarcado gallego, el matriarcado vasco: revisión del mito en "Matria" de Álvaro Gago y "Amama" de Asier Altuna
Authors: Boguszewicz Maria , Gajewska Magdalena Anna
Published: February 2021

En el artículo se analizan las representaciones de la mujer en dos películas que abordan el tema del matriarcado en la cultura gallega y vasca respectivamente: el cortometraje Matria de Álvaro Gago (2017) y el largometraje Amama de Asier Altuna (2015). Nuestro objetivo es reflexionar sobre cómo se construye en ellas la imagen de la mujer, qué tipos de “feminidades” reproducen, desde qué perspectiva plantean preguntas acerca del poder femenino y mediante cuáles estrategias revisan el concepto de matriarcado. La base del análisis es “el método antropológico-morfológico de obra fílmica” de Seweryn Kuśmierczyk, que parte de la premisa de que la realidad fílmica, siendo una imagen sublimada del mundo fuera de la pantalla, refleja el contexto sociocultural en que surge la película. En las conclusiones nos referimos a la ambigüedad de las interpretaciones de la condición femenina representadas en las películas analizadas. Pese a las posturas discrepantes de sus autores ante el concepto de matriarcado y a pesar de emplear lenguajes totalmente diferentes, en ambas películas se destaca su potencial para deconstruir el mito del matriarcado gallego y vasco, y para formular un comentario crítico acerca de la realidad.
Bienvenidos al norte: explotación de la nueva emigración española en el corazón logístico de Europa. Nota de investigación
Authors: López Calle Pablo , Calderón José Ángel , Ramírez Melgarejo Antonio J. , Sabín Galán Fernando , Junte Sander , Pedreño Cánovas Andrés
Published: February 2021

Tras dos años de investigación sobre el terreno, llevada a cabo por un equipo de 8 personas, entre investigadores y técnicos, hombres y mujeres miembros de Andaira, hemos tratado de recomponer una fotografía completa del sistema de explotación de los nuevos trabajadores emigrantes del sur de Europa en países del Norte y en un sector muy representativo, como es la actividad logística que hay detrás de los sistemas de venta on line de bienes de consumo masivo en la región circundante al puerto de Rótterdam, la mayor puerta de entrada de mercancías a Europa.
A Study of the Differences about Chinese Qixi Festival Custom——Taking Shanxi’s Old Local Chronicles as an Example
Authors: Zhang Bei
Published: February 2021

The Qixi Festival is a traditional festival in China, which inherits the production model of men's farming and women's weaving for thousands of years. It is considered as a symbol of Chinese farming culture and widely propagated in many provinces in China since a long time ago. However, people in different areas celebrate this festival in different ways during different periods. This can be found in the documents that recorded in local chronicles.

This research takes Shanxi Province as an example. Through sorting out 72 types of local chronicles that recorded the contents of the Qixi Festival which compiled during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, we found that the differences mainly manifested in four aspects: the gender and age of the participants, the objects of sacrifice, the sacrificial offering, and the behavior of begging dexterousness. Through analyzing, it can be seen that these differences are caused by the impact of the environment and also related to the integration of multiple cultural elements in the festival itself.
Relationship Between Unemployment Rate and Shadow Economy in Nigeria: A Tado-Yamamoto Approach
Authors: Abada Felicia C. , Manasseh Charles O. , Nwakoby Ifeoma C. , Iroegbu Ngozi Franca , Okoh Johnson I. , Alio Felix C. , Lawal Adedoyin I. , Asogwa Onyinye J.
Published: February 2021

This study assessed the nature of the relationship between the size of the shadow economy and unemployment rate in Nigeria using the Tado-Yamamoto approach over the period 1980Q1 to 2018Q4. The size of the shadow economy in Nigeria was determined using the parsimonious model of MIMIC (4-1-2) having four multiple causes (tax burden, self-employment, social benefits paid by the government and unemployment rate) and two indicators (index of real Gross Domestic Product and currency ratio (M1/M2)). The estimated relationship of the size of shadow economy as percentage of official GDP recorded 13.78% at the beginning of the first quarter of 1980 before fluctuating to 8.23% in the third quarter of 2009. The existence of a strong and positive association between the unemployment rate and shadow economy is affirmed by the estimated coefficient of determination (0.89) which confirmed the capacity of the shadow economy to absorb the unemployed workers from the official economy in Nigeria. Evidence exists from the Tado and Yamamoto (1995) causality test which revealed a causal relationship emanating from unemployment rate to the size of shadow economy. This was confirmed by the Modified Wald (MWald) test which demonstrated that a strong unidirectional causality running from unemployment rate to the size of shadow economy exists at 1% level of significance.
Which Governance Model for Moroccan Universities?
Authors: Ayad Khalid , Bennani Khaoula Dobli , Elhachloufi Mostafa
Published: February 2021

The issue of the university’s models of governance is of cardinal importance and provokes great controversy. Academic literature has referred to different models or classifications of university governance. In the case of Morocco, a few articles address the issue of governance models in Moroccan universities. Here, we aimed to highlight the governance model currently adopted by Moroccan universities, adopting a descriptive and analytical approach, through the reading and analysis of the legislative texts and official reports that govern higher education in Morocco. We found that the governance of higher education evolved with Law 01.00 of the year 2000, from a model of governance controlled by the State to a model of governance supervised by the State. As a result, the autonomy of universities has been strengthened and stakeholder involvement has been broadened. It is a mixed model that brings together, with different degrees, characteristics of the “academic” model, the “political” model, the “bureaucratic” model, and the “stakeholder model” to some extent. However, given the multiple challenges and pressures faced by Moroccan universities such as employability and funding problems, we believe that they must change the paradigm to adopt a governance model that combines respect for academic values with the contribution to the socio-economic development of the nation, a more flexible model, more inclusive, more participatory and more entrepreneurial, which encourages self-employment, having a global vision and a regional vocation, oriented towards local development. This research is one of the first attempts at understanding the Moroccan university governance models. It enriches the theoretical literature on the crisis of Moroccan higher education, mainly the issue of governance models, and opens the way to new studies that aim to improve the governance and the quality of higher education.
Challenges of Mobile Devices’ Resources and in Communication Channels and their Solutions
Authors:   Institute of Information Technology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Azerbaijan, Alakbarov Rashid G.
Published: February 2021

The article is dedicated to the development of cloudlet based mobile cloud computing (MCC) to address the restrictions that occur in the resources of mobile devices (energy consumption, computing and memory resources, etc.) and the delays occurring in communication channels. The architecture offered in the article more efficiently ensures the demand of mobile devices for computing and storage and removes the latency that occur in the network. At the same time, the tasks related to energy saving and eliminating delays in communication channels by solving the problems that require complex computing and memory resources in the cloudlets located nearby the user were outlined in the article.
ADPBC: Arabic Dependency Parsing Based Corpora for Information Extraction
Authors:   PhD. student at the Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer and Information, Menoufia University, Egypt, Mohamed Sally , Hussien Mahmoud , Mousa Hamdy M.
Published: February 2021

There is a massive amount of different information and data in the World Wide Web, and the number of Arabic users and contents is widely increasing. Information extraction is an essential issue to access and sort the data on the web. In this regard, information extraction becomes a challenge, especially for languages, which have a complex morphology like Arabic. Consequently, the trend today is to build a new corpus that makes the information extraction easier and more precise. This paper presents Arabic linguistically analyzed corpus, including dependency relation. The collected data includes five fields; they are a sport, religious, weather, news and biomedical. The output is CoNLL universal lattice file format (CoNLL-UL). The corpus contains an index for the sentences and their linguistic meta-data to enable quick mining and search across the corpus. This corpus has seventeenth morphological annotations and eight features based on the identification of the textual structures help to recognize and understand the grammatical characteristics of the text and perform the dependency relation. The parsing and dependency process conducted by the universal dependency model and corrected manually. The results illustrated the enhancement in the dependency relation corpus. The designed Arabic corpus helps to quickly get linguistic annotations for a text and make the information Extraction techniques easy and clear to learn. The gotten results illustrated the average enhancement in the dependency relation corpus.
Arithmetic, Logicism, and Frege’s Definitions
Authors: Perrine Timothy ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2021

This paper describes an exegetical puzzle that lies at the heart of Frege’s writings—how to reconcile his logicism with his definitions and claims about his definitions. It also reviews two interpretations that try to resolve this puzzle: the “explicative interpretation” and the “analysis interpretation.” This paper defends the explicative interpretation and critiques the careful and sophisticated defenses of the analysis interpretation given by Michael Dummett and Patricia Blanchette. Specifically, I argue that Frege’s texts either are inconsistent with the analysis interpretation or do not support it. I also defend the explicative interpretation from the recent charge that it cannot make sense of Frege’s logicism. While I do not provide the explicative interpretation’s full solution to the puzzle, I show that its main competitor is seriously problematic.
On the Grounds of a Person’s Dignity
Authors: Kucharski Paul ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2021

What does it mean to say that a person has dignity, and what explains her dignity? Linda Zagzebski argues that personal dignity entails both infinite and irreplaceable value. Initially she grounds the former claim in the power of rationality and the latter in the uniqueness of one’s subjective lived experience. Later she grounds both in the power of rationality, understood in terms of reflective consciousness. I argue that the latter account is an improvement upon the former but that needless problems arise from both accounts because (1) she conflates properties considered in the abstract with properties instantiated in concrete persons and (2) she fails to recognize an ambiguity in the notion of incommunicability or uniqueness. I also argue that the more fundamental account of rationality should be given not in terms of reflective consciousness but in terms of the ability to understand particulars in light of universals.
High Froude Number Experimental Investigation of the 2 DOF Behavior of a Multihull Float in Head Waves
Authors: Kerdraon Paul , Horel Boris , Bot Patrick , Letourneur Adrien , David Le Touzé David
Published: February 2021

Dynamic Velocity Prediction Programs are taking an increasingly prominent role in high performance yacht design, as they allow to deal with seakeeping abilities and stability issues. Their validation is however often neglected for lack of time and data.

This paper presents an experimental campaign carried out in the towing tank of the Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France, to validate the hull modeling in use in a previously presented Dynamic Velocity Prediction Program. Even though with foils, hulls are less frequently immersed, a reliable hull modeling is necessary to properly simulate the critical transient phases such as touchdowns and takeoffs.

The model is a multihull float with a waterline length of 2.5 m. Measurements were made in head waves in both captive and semi-captive conditions (free to heave and pitch), with the model towed at constant yaw and speed. To get as close as possible to real sailing conditions, experiments were made at both zero and non-zero leeway angles, sweeping a wide range of speed values, with Froude numbers up to 1.2. Both linear and nonlinear wave conditions were studied in order to test the limits of the modeling approach, with wave steepness reaching up to 7% in captive conditions and 3.5% in semi-captive ones.

The paper presents the design and methodology of the experiments, as well as comparisons of measured loads and motions with simulations. Loads are shown to be consistent, with a good representation of the sustained non-linearities. Pitch and heave motions depict an encouraging correlation which confirms that the modeling approach is valid.
La movilidad geográfica de los trabajadores transfronterizos de Europa del este en las dos últimas décadas
Authors: Viruela Martínez Rafael
Published: February 2021

La cifra de personas que trabajan en un país distinto al de residencia aumenta de forma extraordinaria en Europa y lo hace con mayor intensidad en los países del Este que, en la actualidad, proporcionan cerca de la mitad de los trabajadores transfronterizos. El artículo indaga en las tendencias recientes de la movilidad Este-Oeste y en los factores que la impulsan. El texto se apoya en los trabajos de investigadores de diferentes países y en la información estadística que proporcionan Eurostat y la Comisión Europea. El aumento de los flujos se relaciona, entre otros factores, con la ampliación de la Unión Europea, la plena libertad de circulación y las diferencias socioeconómicas entre los países de origen y los de destino. La mayor parte de los desplazamientos cubren distancias cortas y son marcadamente asimétricos. En la movilidad intraeuropea, los países poscomunistas proporcionan mano de obra a los países occidentales. Alemania y Austria son los destinos más importantes debido, entre otros motivos, a su posición geográfica próxima a los países de origen.
Un viatge didàctic a la sociologia de l'Educació. Ressenya de Ramón Albert, Anna (2019). Las aventuras del mundo social. Un viaje a la Sociología de la Educación. Un material didáctico para estudiantes elaborado por una estudiante. València: Tirant lo Blanch.
Authors: Giner Monfort Jordi
Published: February 2021

Ressenya de la publicació d'Anna Ramon: Las aventuras del mundo social. Un viaje a la Sociología de la Educación. Un material didáctico para estudiantes elaborado por una estudiante. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch.
Dialogando con Joan Romero González sobre Paulo Freire: El valor transformador de la educación, la formación permanente y a lo largo de la vida
Authors: Peris Reig Laura
Published: February 2021

En esta entrevista, realizamos junto al Prof. Dr. Joan Romero González un recorrido por el pensamiento de Freire y sus ideas pedagógicas, las cuales analizaremos cuestionando nuestra realidad actual y las influencias freireanas que podemos encontrar en nuestros días.
Notes sobre el seminari internacional "La importancia estratègica de la formació de les persones adultes" organitzat per la UIMP a Castelló
Authors: Pascual Cabo Agustí
Published: February 2021

Aquest text és un exercici de memòria que recrea els moments viscuts en abril de 1995, com assistent al seminari internacional de la UIMP La importància estratégica de la Formació de Persones Adultes, en la jornada Castelló. Aquella participació va donar l´oportunitat, no sols d´escoltar la conferència de Frerire, però de poder conversar amb Basil Bernstein al finalitzar la seua ponència, com un dels conferenciants convidats. El present text recupera per primera vegada l´entrevista de l´autor amb Berstein sobre el discurs pedagògic en relació amb l´educació de persones adultes.
Este texto es un ejercicio de memoria que recrea los momentos vividos en abril de 1995, como asistente al seminario internacional de la UIMP La importancia estratégica de la Formación de Personas Adultas, en la jornada de Castellón. Esa participación dio  la conferencia que Paulo Freire impartió en Castellón. Esa participación supuso la oportunidad, no solo de escuchar la conferencia de Freire, sino de poder conversar con Bernstein al finalizar su ponencia, como uno de los conferenciantes invitados El presente texto recupera por primera vez la entrevista del autor con Bernstein sobre el discurso pedagógico en relación con la educación de personas adultas.
Palabras para Paulo Freire. Saludos locales e internacionales
Authors: AA.VV. .
Published: February 2021

Palabras para Paulo Freire. Saludos locales e internacionales
Gender in Literature. Woman's Position from traditional to modern society
Authors: Menti Theodora , Sideri Christina
Published: February 2021

The remarkable influence of gender studies in recent years on the Greek educational system has inevitably led to the integration of a multi-focal thematic section entitled “Gender in Literature” in the new Lyceum curriculum. This section truly captures the interest of adolescents, as it stimulates the approach of literary texts and promotes constructive discussions that often lead to further enjoyment of reading. On this base a collaboration between University of Athens and Anavryta Model Lyceum was carried out in Literature class in both institutions. This article aims to present the main stages of this cooperation on the subject of “Literary Representations of Women’s roles from traditional to modern society”, as the institutional framework for teaching literature clearly supports the historicity of texts. Besides explaining the rationale behind this educational action, we are proposing a selection of literary texts that were used in class and presenting the objectives and didactic methods practiced, the type of tasks assigned to the pupils as well as the skills developed by them. The paper insists on certain texts that are particularly valuable for this approach and offers examples of taking advantage of contextual elements. Finally, we are showing how this collaboration became a real example of extroversion for both institutions and we are attempting a comprehensive evaluation of this project and its impact within the students’ and teachers’ community.
La mujer y el personaje femenino en cuentos jordano-palestinos de tradición oral
Authors: Asensio Pastor Margarita Isabel
Published: February 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un estudio sobre la presencia de la mujer y del personaje femenino en cuentos palestino-jordanos de tradición oral. Para ello, partimos de la investigación etnográfica realizada por Asensio (2015) y el corpus de cuentos por esta recopilados. Así, mostraremos, por un lado, el papel que ocupa la mujer dentro del marco de la narración oral como depositaria activa de dicha tradición siguiendo la terminología de Sydow (1965) y, por el otro, ofreceremos un estudio sobre el personaje femenino teniendo en cuenta el corpus mencionado. Estos datos servirán para dar a conocer nuevos contextos literarios para la construcción de un canon literario de LIJ intercultural, etnopluricultural y coeducativo para docentes de Educación Infantil y Primaria.
Quantifying the impact of quarantine duration on COVID-19 transmission
Authors: Ashcroft Peter , Lehtinen Sonja , Angst Daniel C , Low Nicola , Bonhoeffer Sebastian
Published: February 2021

The large number of individuals placed into quarantine because of possible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) exposure has high societal and economic costs. There is ongoing debate about the appropriate duration of quarantine, particularly since the fraction of individuals who eventually test positive is perceived as being low. We use empirically determined distributions of incubation period, infectivity, and generation time to quantify how the duration of quarantine affects onward transmission from traced contacts of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and from returning travellers. We also consider the roles of testing followed by release if negative (test-and-release), reinforced hygiene, adherence, and symptoms in calculating quarantine efficacy. We show that there are quarantine strategies based on a test-and-release protocol that, from an epidemiological viewpoint, perform almost as well as a 10-day quarantine, but with fewer person-days spent in quarantine. The findings apply to both travellers and contacts, but the specifics depend on the context.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes for Individuals with Disabilities: A Review
Authors: AlJameel AlBandary Hassan
Published: February 2021

Individuals with disabilities experience poor oral health status and poor access to health care services due to many barriers. This can negatively affect their well-being and Quality of Life (QoL). The important benchmark to determine the impact of oral health conditions were clinical examinations using established indices. Relying only on clinical assessments and objective measures lead to the ignorance of patients’ perspectives and subjective aspects of oral health assessments that consequently gave an incomplete picture of patients’ experiences. There are various Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) tools which can determine or measure patient-reported outcomes to assess the impacts of oral diseases and/or conditions among the general population. This article aims at reviewing the commonly-reported OHRQoL measures among adults and children of the general population. The OHRQoL studies conducted among individuals with disabilities, and findings of existing studies are also covered in this paper.
По следам карангатского моря, "Природа"
Authors: Семиколенных Д.В. , Курбанов Р.Н.
Published: February 2021

Карангатское море — полноводный бассейн, находившийся в пределах Азово-Черноморского региона в последнюю межледниковую эпоху (примерно 130–90 тыс. лет назад). Его уровень, по разным оценкам, поднимался на 5–10 м выше современного, а соленость была близка к средиземноморской (около 28–30‰). Следы его существования можно наблюдать в естественных береговых обнажениях Болгарии, Восточного Крыма, Тамани, Кавказа, Турции и даже в отложениях западной и центральной части Манычской депрессии, где карангатские воды образовывали глубокий ингрессионный залив. До сих пор не существует единого представления о количестве этапов карангатской трансгрессии, ее возрасте и темпах развития. До недавнего времени в географической науке не было надежного метода абсолютного датирования, позволяющего определять возраст отложений древнее 40 тыс. лет. И только внедрение в последние годы нового подхода— метода оптически стимулированной люминесценции (ОСЛ) сделало возможным достаточно точное датирование отложений возрастом до 250–500 тыс. лет. Для того чтобы пролить свет на спорные вопросы в истории региона, в августе 2020 г. исследователи из МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова и Института географии РАН организовали экспедицию на побережье Керченского пролива и Южный берег Крыма.
КОРОТКОПЕРИОДНЫЕ ВНУТРЕННИЕ ВОЛНЫ В ПРИБРЕЖНОЙ ЗОНЕ БАРЕНЦЕВА МОРЯ ПО ДАННЫМ КОНТАКТНЫХ И СПУТНИКОВЫХ НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Свергун Е. И. , Зимин А.В. , Атаджанова О.А. , Жегулин Г. В. , Романенков Д.А. , Коник А. А. , Козлов И.Е.
Published: February 2021

На основе анализа результатов контактных и спутниковых наблюдений, выполненных в августе 2016 г. в прибрежной зоне Баренцева моря, оцениваются характеристики короткопериодных внутренних волн и особенности их проявлений на поверхности в радиолокационных данных. По данным серий учащённых CTD-зондирований зарегистрировано 270 внутренних волн со средним периодом около 15 мин и высотой 1—8 м. Показано, что интенсификация внутреннего волнения происходит преимущественно в отлив: на фоне относительно спокойного пикноклина проявляются ярко выраженные цуговые системы волн. На спутниковых изображениях было обнаружено 82 пакета проявлений внутренних волн, в среднем наблюдалось 4 волны в пакете. Как правило, длина лидирующего гребня в пакете составляла 27 км, а длина волны — 700 м. При общности геометрических характеристик в проявлениях волн, по направлениям распространения они разделялись на две группы: первые наблюдались на удалении 40—100 км от берега с направлением распространения на северо-запад вдоль берега, вторые распространялись от берега в северном направлении. Возможным источником генерации двух групп волн является взаимодействие прилива и неоднородностей донной топографии. Длины волн и фазовые скорости по данным контактных и спутниковых наблюдений весьма близки. Прямое сопоставление данных контактных и спутниковых наблюдений показало, что внутренние волны с амплитудой 2.5—4 м находят свое отражение в данных спутниковых наблюдений при глубине пикноклина около 15 м.