bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una parola ritrovata: l’oliueta di Catone
Authors: Russo Alessandro
Published: October 2018

The present paper proposes to establish (§ 1) the data that can be drawn securely from a controversial testimonium on an oration of Cato (Cato, orat. 99 Sblend.) contained in a late antique panegyric (Pan. Lat. 8 (5).13.3), and to illustrate (§ 2) some of its textual and exegetical problems. Further, in the light of a hitherto overlooked comparison with a gloss of Festus, proposals are made: (§ 3) for a new constitutio and interpretation of the text of the panegyric; and (§ 4) for the identification of a textual citation (which will emerge also as a new fragment) from the orations of Cato the Censor, and the identification with Cato of the anonymous antiqui to whom Festus attributes the use (until now not attested elsewhere) of the rare substantive oliueta in feminine singular with the sense of ‘gathering of olives’. Finally (§ 5) some considerations are offered on the possible sources used by Festus (hypothesising as intermediary the De obscuris Catonis of Verrius, which could in turn have drawn its note on the oliueta from the very passage of Cato attested by the panegyric) and by the panegyrist (for whom a direct knowledge of the speech of Cato is proposed).
Intermolecular hydrogen bonding H···Cl in crystal structure of palladium(II)-bis(diaminocarbene) complex
Authors: Kinzhalov Mikhail A. , Baykov Sergey V. , Novikov Alexander S. , Haukka Matti , Boyarskiy Vadim P.
Published: October 2018

The reaction of bis(isocyanide)palladium complex cis-[PdCl2(CNXyl)2] (Xyl=2,6-Me2C6H3) with excess of 4,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-amine in a C2H4Cl2/MeOH mixture affords monocationic bis(diaminocarbene) complex cis-[PdClC{(NHXyl)=NHC6H2Cl2
NH2}{C(NHXyl)=NHC6H2Cl2NH2}]Cl (3) in moderate yield (42%). Complex 3 exists in the solid phase in the H-bonded dimeric associate of two single charged organometallic cations and two chloride anions according to X-ray diffraction data. The Hirshfeld surface analysis for the X-ray structure of 3 reveals that the crystal packing is determined primarily by intermolecular contacts H–Cl, H–H, and H–C. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds N–H···Cl and C–H···Cl in the H-bonded dimeric associate of 3 were studied by DFT calculations and topological analysis of the electron density distribution within the framework of QTAIM method, and estimated energies of these supramolecular contacts vary from 1.6 to 9.1 kcal/mol. Such non-covalent bonding means that complex 3 is an anionic receptor for the chloride anions.
Steric control of supramolecular association in structures of Zn(S2COR)2withN,N′-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)oxalamide
Authors: Tan Yee Seng , Chun Hao Zhe , Jotani Mukesh M. , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: October 2018

The crystal and molecular structures of the one-dimensional coordination polymer [Zn(S2COEt)2(4LH2)]n(1) and binuclear [Zn(S2COCy)2]2(4LH2) (2) are described, where4LH2is N,N′-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)ethanediamide. In1, the Zn(S2COEt)2entities are linked by bidentate bridging4LH2ligands through the pyridyl-N atoms to generate a twisted supramolecular chain. As a result of monodentate xanthate ligands, the N2S4donor set defines a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry and, crucially, allows the participation of the non-coordinating sulfur atoms in supramolecular association. Thus, in the crystal amide-N–H···O(amide) and amide-N–H···S(thione) hydrogen bonds link chains into a three-dimensional architecture. The substitution of the ethyl group in the xanthate ligand with a cyclohexyl group results in very different structural outcomes. In2, a binuclear molecule is observed with the coordination geometry for zinc being defined by chelating xanthate ligands and a pyridyl-N atom with the NS4donor set defining a highly distorted geometry. In the molecular packing, amide-N–H···S(thione) hydrogen bonds stabilise a supramolecular chain along the a-axis and these are connected into a three-dimensional arrangement by methylene-C–H···O and methylene-C–H···π(pyridyl) interactions. The relative importance of the specified intermolecular interactions and weaker, contributing contacts has been revealed by an analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces of1and2.
Synergistic Effect between Natural Honey and 0.1 M KI as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel in Acid Medium
Authors: El-Sabbah M.M.B. , Bedair Mahmoud A. , Abbas Mohamed A. , Fahmy Alaa , Hassaballa Safwat , Moustafa Abdullah A.
Published: October 2018

The inhibition process of steel against corrosion in 1.0 M HCl using natural honey in the presence and absence of 0.1 M KI was studied at 25–55 °C utilizing a potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and gravimetric method. Corresponding surfaces of steel were examined by SEM and EDX techniques. The obtained data demonstrated that inhibition efficiency increased by increasing both natural honey dose and environment temperature. Synergism parameter values were found more than one indicating that the inhibition efficiency of natural honey enhanced by an addition of KI due to synergism. The adsorption of natural honey in the presence and absence of iodide ions on the steel surface was found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Why Do Trade Unions Engage in Wage Coordination, Although It Does Not Work? Evidence from the German Metal Sector
Authors: Seeliger Martin
Published: October 2018

The article addresses the following puzzle: if, as it appears, wage coordination under the European Monetary Union is unlikely to succeed, why do European trade unions continue to pursue it? The article examines German metal-sector trade unions’ ongoing participation in wage-coordination initiatives within the Eurozone. It argues that their participation can be explained by two factors – a decoupling of talk and action, as two complementary types of organisational output, and the reframing of wage coordination as an activity that will pay off in the distant future.
Optimal Emotional Profiles for Peak Performance in Strength and Conditioning
Authors: Cooper Jonathan J. , Johnson Matt , Radcliffe Jon , Fisher James
Published: October 2018

Cooper, JJ, Johnson, M, Radcliffe, J, and Fisher, J. Optimal emotional profiles for peak performance in strength and conditioning. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 833–840, 2021—This study investigated athletes' performance-related emotions and emotional profiles for optimal performance in strength and conditioning (S&C). It is suggested that the identification and control of emotions associated with successful and unsuccessful performances are essential for achieving peak psychological states and optimal performance in sports-related tasks. The individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF) model outlines an idiographic and comprehensive conceptual framework of interrelated dimensions that describe the structure and dynamics of subjective emotional experiences and performance-related psychobiological states. With institutional ethics approval, 13 competitive elite athletes (male, n = 7; female, n = 6: mean age = 21.7 ± 4.0 years) completed IZOF-based emotion profiling, in which subjects were asked to recall their perceived best and worst S&C session, outlining emotions and intensity within 4 global emotional categories. A significant difference was evidenced between best ever and worst ever performance within positive functional emotions (p < 0.001, d = 3.63) and negative dysfunctional emotions (p < 0.001, d = 4.92). Initial findings suggest that perceived peak performance states within S&C are associated with a high intensity of positive functional emotions (confident, motivated, and energetic) and a low intensity of negative dysfunctional emotions (worn out, sluggish, annoyed, and discouraged). Although future research is necessary to fully understand this area, the present data suggest that to assist athletes in achieving perceived peak performance states within S&C, psychological skills and strategies should be informed and developed in collaboration with sport psychologists, with the aim of achieving an optimal emotional profile.
Effect of Velocity-Based Loading on Acceleration Kinetics and Kinematics During Sled Towing
Authors: Bentley Ian , Sinclair Jonathan K. , Atkins Steve J. , Metcalfe John , Edmundson Christopher J.
Published: October 2018

Bentley, I, Sinclair, JK, Atkins, SJ, Metcalfe, J, and Edmundson, CJ. Effect of velocity-based loading on acceleration kinetics and kinematics during sled towing. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1030–1038, 2021—Sled towing (ST) provides an external load in the form of a sled towed using a shoulder or waist harness and cord behind the athlete. Loading strategies have varied greatly between studies, and despite many investigations, there is little agreement on the optimum sled loading to develop the acceleration phase. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics and kinematics of velocity-based ST during the acceleration phase of sprinting. Twelve academy rugby league players performed a series of 6-m sprints in different conditions; uninhibited, 10, 15, and 20% velocity decrement (VDec). Sagittal plane kinematics and kinetic measures were examined using 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results indicated that ST affected trunk, knee, and ankle joint kinematics (p < 0.05). Peak knee flexion increased as sled loads increased (p < 0.05), which may enable athletes to lower their center of mass and increase their horizontal force application. Net horizontal and propulsive impulse measures were greater in all sled conditions (p < 0.05), which increased significantly because sled loadings were heavier. In conclusion, this study highlights the effects of differential loads to help coaches understand acute kinetics and kinematic changes to improve the planning of sprint training.
Effect of the Fatigue on the Physical Performance in Different Small-Sided Games in Elite Football Players
Authors: Calderón Pellegrino Gabriel , Paredes-Hernández Víctor , Sánchez-Sánchez Javier , García-Unanue Jorge , Gallardo Leonor
Published: October 2018

Calderón Pellegrino, G, Paredes-Hernández, V, Sánchez-Sánchez, J, García-Unanue, J, and Gallardo, L. Effect of the fatigue on the physical performance in different small-sided games in elite football players. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2338–2346, 2020—Football players need to be able to perform high-intensity efforts of short duration with brief recovery periods. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the pitch dimension on high-intensity actions and the effect of a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test on the physical performance in different 4-against-4 (4v4) small-sided games (SSG) dimensions. Sixteen U-18 elite football players performed an RSA test between two 4v4 SSGs (pre and post) to induce fatigue and compare physical data. Speed, sprint number, accelerations, sprint distance, total distance covered, and total distance covered of the players at different intensities were evaluated in 3 different SSGs (125, 150, 250, and 300 m2). Results revealed a significant detriment of physical performance in the 125-m2 SSG after RSA, mostly in number of sprints (−6.56; confidence interval [CI] 95%: −10.13 to −3.00; effect size [ES]: 1.13 p < 0.001), accelerations (−2.69; CI 95%: −5.13 to −0.24; ES: 0.68; p = 0.032), and sprint distance (−65.44 m; CI 95%: −103.73 to −27.16; ES: 1.20; p = 0.001). In bigger SSGs (250 and 300 m2), higher distance at high intensity was covered and Vmax, Vmean, and sprint distance were greater. In summary, accelerations, sprint number, and fatigue were higher in smaller pitches, and higher velocities were reached in bigger SSGs. Football players should be aware that changes in pitch size can modify the physical performance on high-intensity actions in SSGs.
A Novel Approach for Athlete Profiling: The Unilateral Dynamic Strength Index
Authors: Bishop Chris , Read Paul , Lake Jason , Loturco Irineu , Turner Anthony
Published: October 2018

Bishop, C, Read, P, Lake, J, Loturco, I, and Turner, A. A novel approach for athlete profiling: The unilateral dynamic strength index. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1023–1029, 2021—The Dynamic Strength Index (DSI) provides a ratio of the peak force an athlete can produce in both isometric and ballistic tasks. Although the DSI measured during bilateral tests has been examined, unilateral DSI scores have not been reported to date and thus was the aim of the present study. Twenty-eight recreational sport athletes performed 3 trials of a unilateral isometric squat and countermovement jump (CMJ) to measure peak force in each task across 2 separate test sessions. The unilateral DSI was calculated using both left vs. right and dominant vs. nondominant limbs. Good to excellent reliability was shown in the isometric squat (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.86–0.96; coefficient of variation [CV] ≤ 5.7%) and the CMJ (ICC = 0.83–0.93; CV ≤ 5.8%) on both limbs. The DSI showed moderate to good reliability (ICC = 0.71–0.79; CV = 7.54–11.9%). Dynamic Strength Index scores of 0.52–0.55 and 0.55–0.59 were reported on the left and right limbs, respectively, with no significant differences reported between limbs. A significant difference (p = 0.04) was seen for the CMJ between left and right during the second test session only. The dominant and nondominant limbs reported mean DSI scores of 0.53–0.57, and significant differences were evident between limbs in both the isometric squat and CMJ (p < 0.01). This study provides normative data for the unilateral DSI and indicates acceptable levels of reliability, whereas the consistency of individual measures of peak force can be considered good when quantified unilaterally.
Competition-Based Heart Rate, Training Load, and Time Played Above 85% Peak Heart Rate in NCAA Division I Women's Basketball
Authors: Sanders Gabriel J. , Boos Brian , Rhodes Jessica , Kollock Roger O. , Peacock Corey A.
Published: October 2018

Sanders, GJ, Boos, B, Rhodes, J, Kollock, RO, and Peacock, CA. Competition-based heart rate, training load, and time played above 85% peak heart rate in NCAA division I women's basketball. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1095–1102, 2021—Basketball athletes frequently engage in intensities ≥85% HRpeak throughout competition. Knowing the time spent competing at intensities ≥85% HRpeak can improve training protocols. The purpose of the study was to assess heart rate responses across 4-quarter games (N = 31) in an NCAA Division I women's basketball season. Ten female athletes were tested and monitored with heart rate–based wearable microsensor devices. Before the season, HRpeak was recorded through a peak metabolic test (V̇o
2peak). Average (HRavg) and HRpeak were recorded for each game, and time spent in 5 heart rate zones (HRZones) were recorded: HRZone1 = 50–60% HRpeak, HRZone2 = 60–70% HRpeak, HRZone3 = 70–76% HRpeak, HRZone4 = 77–84% HRpeak, and HRZone5 = 85–100% HRpeak. Training load was calculated with the summated-heart-rate-zone model (SHRZmod). There was a main effect of position (p ≤ 0.019) and quarter (p ≤ 0.005) on SHRZmod and on time spent in HRZone1–5. Athletes accumulated the most time in HRZone4 and HRZone5 and in the fourth quarter, and SHRZmod was the greatest in the fourth quarter. There was no main effect for HRavg and HRpeak (p ≥ 0.110). Athletes averaged 34.5 minutes per game competing in HRZone5 or ≥85% HRpeak with nearly one-third of those minutes accumulated in the fourth quarter. Although there were no differences in HRavg and HRpeak from quarter to quarter, SHRZmod increased from the first to fourth quarter. Utilizing time spent in heart rate zones and training load with SHRZmod can provide valuable information to practitioners regarding the intensity and physiological demands of competitive basketball games.
Comparison of Step-by-Step Kinematics of Elite Sprinters' Unresisted and Resisted 10-m Sprints Measured With Optojump or Musclelab
Authors: van den Tillaar Roland
Published: October 2018

van den Tillaar, R. Comparison of step-by-step kinematics of elite sprinters' unresisted and resisted 10-m sprints measured with Optojump or Musclelab. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1419–1424, 2021—The purpose of this study was to compare step-by-step kinematics of unresisted and resisted 10-m sprints measured with the Optojump or Musclelab on elite sprinters. Six subjects (age 30.0 ± 5.1 years, body mass 76.3 ± 5.3 kg, body height 1.79 ± 0.09 m, and 100-m personal best 10.51 ± 0.3 s) performed 2 unresisted and 2 sets of 2 resisted (10 and 20% of body mass) 30-m sprints in random order (6 sprints in total) in 1 session in which kinematics of the first 10 m were measured with the Optojump and Musclelab. The main finding was that there were no significant differences between the measurements made with the Optojump and Musclelab systems. In addition, it was possible to discriminate most kinematic variables per step of the first 10 m when different loads (10 and 20% of body mass) had to be pulled during the 30-m sprints. The variations in sprint times associated with changes in the resistance provided by the dynaSpeed were mainly caused by a decrease in step length as the resistance increased. It was concluded that the 2 systems are valid and could help coaches, researchers, and athletes by providing more detailed information about possible changes to kinematics during training and sprinting with different resistances.
Moderate-Intensity Strength Exercise to Exhaustion Results in More Pronounced Signaling Changes in Skeletal Muscles of Strength-Trained Compared With Untrained Individuals
Authors: Lysenko Evgeny A. , Popov Daniil V. , Vepkhvadze Tatiana F. , Sharova Anna P. , Vinogradova Olga L.
Published: October 2018

Lysenko, EA, Popov, DV, Vepkhvadze, TF, Sharova, AP, and Vinogradova, OL. Moderate-intensity strength exercise to exhaustion results in more pronounced signaling changes in skeletal muscles of strength-trained compared with untrained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1103–1112, 2020—The aim of our investigation was to compare the response pattern of signaling proteins and genes regulating protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscle after strength exercise sessions performed to volitional fatigue in strength-trained and untrained males. Eight healthy recreationally active males and 8 power-lifting athletes performed 4 sets of unilateral leg presses to exhaustion (65% 1 repetition maximum). Biopsy samples of m. vastus lateralis were obtained before, 1 and 5 hours after cessation of exercise. Phosphorylation of p70S6kThr389, 4EBP1Thr37/46, and ACCSer79 increased, whereas phosphorylation of eEF2Thr56 and FOXO1Ser256 decreased only in the trained group after exercise. Expression of DDIT4, MURF1, and FOXO1 mRNAs increased and expression of MSTN mRNA decreased also only in the trained group after exercise. In conclusion, moderate-intensity strength exercise performed to volitional fatigue changed the phosphorylation status of mTORC1 downstream signaling molecules and markers of ubiquitin-proteasome system activation in trained individuals, suggesting activation of protein synthesis and degradation. In contrast to the trained group, signaling responses in the untrained group were considerably less pronounced. It can be assumed that the slowdown in muscle mass gain as the athletes increase in qualification cannot be associated with a decrease in the sensitivity of systems regulating protein metabolism, but possibly with inadequate intake or assimilation of nutrients necessary for anabolism. Perhaps, the intake of highly digestible protein or protein-carbohydrate dietary supplements could contribute to the increase in muscle mass in strength athletes.
Rethinking Long-Term Athlete Development—A Behavioral Approach
Authors: Jeffreys Ian
Published: October 2018

DESPITE NUMEROUS MODELS AND ARTICLES OUTLINING ITS POTENTIAL, LONG TERM ATHLETIC DEVELOPMENT (LTAD) IS STILL TO ATTAIN A POSITION WHERE IT IS A UNIFYING APPROACH IN YOUTH SPORT PROGRAMS. DESPITE ISOLATED CASES OF SUCCESS, THE SYSTEMATIC APPLICATION OF LTAD REMAINS ELUSIVE—CLEARLY SOMETHING IS AWRY. AS THE APPLICATION OF LTAD REQUIRES BEHAVIOR CHANGE, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THIS PERSPECTIVE IS WOVEN INTO LTAD APPROACHES. THIS ARTICLE WILL EXAMINE SOME FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES DRAWN FROM BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES AND APPLY THESE TO THE QUEST TO ENHANCE THE APPLICATION OF LTAD IN THE REAL WORLD.
Strength and Conditioning for Adolescent Endurance Runners
Authors: Blagrove Richard C. , Howe Louis P. , Howatson Glyn , Hayes Philip R.
Published: October 2018

For the adolescent athlete who chooses to specialize in endurance running, strength and conditioning (S&C) activities provide a means of enhancing several important determinants of performance and may reduce the risk of overuse injury. It is recommended that adolescent endurance runners include at least 2 S&C sessions per week that comprise movement skills training, plyometric and sprint training, resistance training, plus exercises designed to target specific tissues that are vulnerable to injury. This article describes how these modalities of training can be integrated into the routine of adolescent endurance runners.
Evidence-Based Training Recommendations for the Elite Judoka
Authors: Harris Dale M. , Foulds Steven , Latella Christopher
Published: October 2018

THERE IS A PAUCITY OF SPORT-SPECIFIC EVIDENCE REGARDING STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE ELITE JUDO ATHLETES' (EJA) PERFORMANCE. THEREFORE, THE AIM OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO EVALUATE THE CURRENT LITERATURE AND PRESENT EVIDENCE-BASED TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EJA. BASED ON THE SPORT-SPECIFIC DEMANDS, APPROPRIATELY SEQUENCED PERIODIZED STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAMS THAT INCLUDE (a) HEAVY STRENGTH TRAINING, (b) POWER TRAINING (i.e., CONTRAST LOADING, CLUSTER SETS, WEIGHTLIFTING, AND PLYOMETRIC EXERCISES), AND (c) HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING MAY PROVIDE SUFFICIENT STIMULI TO IMPROVE UPPER- AND LOWER-BODY STRENGTH, AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC POWER FOR EJA.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Personality Disorder Prevalence and Patient Outcomes in Emergency Departments
Authors: Collins Alexander , Barnicot Kirsten , Sen Piyal
Published: October 2018

The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) in emergency departments (EDs) and evaluate the effect of comorbid PDs on clinical outcomes. A systematic search of five databases along with manual searching and expert consultation was performed. A quality appraisal was conducted. A total of 29 articles were included. Prevalence of PDs in ED attendees varied depending on presenting complaint, Q(4) = 577.5, p < .01, with meta-analytic prevalence rates of suicide and self-harm at 35% and 22%, respectively. The assessment method had a significant effect on prevalence rates, Q(3) = 17.36, p < .01. Comorbid PD was a risk factor for repeating presenting complaint, subsequent ED return, and hospitalization. Better identification of PDs using screening tools in EDs could improve patient management and clinical outcomes. Future research should focus on PD prevalence in unselected ED populations using validated diagnostic interviews.
Is Sex Hormone a Risk Factor of Nociceptive Hypersensitivity in the Context of Cerebrovascular Diseases?
Authors: Bao Senzhu
Published: October 2018

Cerebral vessel events have long been considered a leading cause in postmenopausal women with physiological changes in expressing and secreting of sex hormones. Hormone replacement therapy emerged as a supplementary therapeutic strategy under the risk of cerebrovascular accidents and bone loss. Epidemiological and genetic data showed that an interrelationship among hormone and cerebrovascular disorders exist. A battery of animal experiments and clinical observations received different results both positive and negative. Recent studies still cannot give a once-for-all answer to whichever hormone, estrogen or progesterone overweighs the other in benefits. Here we review and analyze the two hormones’ effects on cerebrovascular diseases and that of associated epidemiological and genetic evidences.
Evolution of China’s National Policies for Higher Vocational Education Since the New Millennium
Authors: Zhuang Tengteng
Published: October 2018

This paper explores the evolution of China’s national policies issued by the Ministry of Education for its higher vocational education (HVE) across different stages over the two decades in 21st century. In the bigger context of market economy that demands HVE to play its role in promoting human capital, the intents of HVE policies issued at each of the three important stages are analyzed in detail. Then primary major progresses of the sector are charted out, and challenges and prospects are discussed. The paper identifies important strategies through which national HVE policies intend to improve the sector’s overall quality to generate human power, including expanding size for the whole HVE sector, transferring responsibility to provincial and local governments to improve efficiency, enhancing teacher quality, increasing program coverage, increasing praxis elements, completing assessment scheme, selecting model institutes to create impetus for growth, adopting the strategy of group schooling to mobilize more resources to the sector, promoting international cooperation, instituting a credit system and so on. The primary progresses of HVE due to the series of policies are mainly manifest in size growth, structure completion, and raising social recognition. Challenges and concerns, however, remain to be resolved in terms of the sector’s ability to generate sufficient qualified manpower.
Education in the New Era
Authors: Smithson Jane H.
Published: October 2018

WHAT does it mean to be educated in this new era? With the emergence of technology and technological solutions, education is not as it used to be. While many have argued that technology has done more harm than good to education, there has been major development to the face of education, especially in this new era. Before you can understand this concept, you need to understand what education looked like before this era.
A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of STEM Education on Students’ Abilities
Authors: Zeng Zhaobing , Yao Jijun , Gu Hui , Przybylski Robert
Published: October 2018

Does STEM education improve students' higher-level thinking and cognitive abilities? So far, empirical research has not yielded consistent conclusions. As such, this study applied the method of meta-analysis to synthesize quantitatively existing research to better understand STEM and its effects on students’ abilities associated with learning. The study found that STEM education is conducive to improving students' higher-order thinking and cognitive ability levels with an effect size of (d = 0.798). The results indicate that teaching methods and student experiences in STEM education have a positive effect on student learning.
A maradványhallás megőrzésének lehetőségei cochlearis implantáció során Nucleus CI532 Slim Modiolar elektródasorral
Authors: Nagy Roland , Jarabin János András , Dimák Balázs , Perényi Ádám , Tóth Ferenc , Szűts Viktória , Jóri József , Kiss József Géza , Rovó László
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

During the rehabilitation of hearing-impaired patients, the preservation of residual acoustic hearing following cochlear implantation by minimizing the implantation trauma allows for improved hearing performance. To achieve this, minimally invasive, soft surgery methods and thinner, atraumatic electrodes were required. In our present study, we reported a case where Cochlear® Nucleus CI532 Slim Modiolar electrode was implanted in a patient with residual hearing. Our aim was to study the possible preservation of postoperative acoustic residual hearing by audiological monitoring. Since childhood, due to her congenital hearing loss, she has been wearing a conventional, airborne hearing correction device on both ears. Six months before cochlear implantation, we measured the progression on both sides of the hearing loss, so we decided to perform cochlear implantation. The patient had residual hearing on both ears prior to surgery thus the Cochlear® Nucleus CI532 Slim Modiolar Implant was used. The minimally invasive surgery was performed on the patient’s right ear through the round window approach. Compared to the preoperative hearing threshold (average 85 dBHL) in the 4th postoperative week, an initial hearing threshold progression of 20–25 dBHL was observed between 0.25 and 1.0 kHz, while of 5–10 dBHL between 2.0–4.0 kHz. Hearing threshold measured in the 6th month showed a slight progression in the range above 1 kHz, but improved by the 12th month, to the results achieved at the 4th week. The effects of cochlear implantation on residual hearing have been studied in numerous studies, in which several key surgical and technical factors have been identified. Nucleus CI532 is a Slim Modiolar electrode profile that is close to the modiolus, so it is expected to have a lower endocochlear hydrodynamic load since it lies in the covering of the osseus spiral lamina, thus less influencing the dynamics of the basilar membrane. However, the perimodiolar location of the electrode array allows the adjacent nerve elements of the spiral ganglion to be stimulated with a lower electrical intensity and a reduced surface that may be neuroprotective. Preservation of acoustic residual hearing following cochlear implantation improves the patient’s speech perception and the sound localization skills, particularly in difficult circumstances. Long-term residual hearing preservation may also be of great importance in the subsequent feasibility for regenerative procedures and drug treatments. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(41): 1680–1688.
Az emberi élettartam megnövelésének lehetőségei
Authors: Csaba György
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

The human lifespan in the developed countries significantly increased, from about 40 years to 80 years, in the last hundred years. This change is due to multiple factors, however, the development of medicine and pharmacological research as well as social well-being and social care are primarily important. For aging, the attrition of the parts of the whole organism are responsible, which is caused by endogenous oxidation processes (free radicals), which can destroy any cells in the organism. The injury of the defense or regulatory organ systems (immune system, neuroendocrine system) influences the whole organism, causing its decline (aging), later complete loss of abilities (death). The organism has built-in mechanisms for defence (e.g., antioxidant enzymes), however, their functions are not enough in our modern, chemically seriously contaminated age and further support is needed. This support is represented by antioxidants, as vitamins A, C, and E, resveratrol, and pharmaceuticals as rapamycine and rapalogs, selegiline, metformin etc., which have important roles in the increase of lifespan and health span. The early start of treatments and the use of pharmaceutical combinations seem to be important. The paper introduces our today’s’ lifespan prolongers and discusses their effects as well as points to the ways of future development. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(41): 1655–1663.
Az extrém kis születési súlyú koraszülöttek fejlődésének követése az óvodáskor végéig a perinatalis szövődmények tükrében
Authors: Nagy Anett , Beke Anna Mária , Cserjési Renáta , Gráf Rózsa , Kalmár Magda
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: Owing to the rapid progress of the medical science and technology, the chances of survival of the extremely low birth weight (<1000 g) preterm babies have dramatically improved. Nevertheless, the research findings on their long-term developmental outcome are inconsistent. Aim: Our study has attempted to contribute to the understanding of the developmental mechanisms in the extremely low birth weight preterm infants and to the prediction of the developmental outcomes taking into account of the risk factors of development. Method: 34 preterm children who were free of any major central nervous system injury were followed up from one to 5–6 years of age. The psychomotor development of the infants was assessed at 1 and 2 years of age and, at 5–6 years of age, intelligence tests were administered to the children. Perinatal and environmental factors were included in the data analysis. Results: The extremely low birth weight preterm children as a group displayed no developmental delay at any of the measurement points. The mean developmental quotients were 98.6 and 106.6 at ages 1 and 2 years, respectively. At 5–6 years of age, the mean verbal IQ was 101.4, while the mean performance IQ was 92.9. Behind the group means there was a wide range of individual variations. The most powerful contributors to the developmental outcomes were birth weight, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intra-uterine growth retardation, gender, and maternal education. The girls had a significant advantage over the boys in language development. Verbal intelligence was hampered by intracranial hemorrhage, while intrauterine growth restriction had a similar effect on the performance IQ. Conclusions: Our results suggest that even the extremely preterm infants may have rather good chances of satisfactory mental development. However, the individual developmental prospects are influenced by a great number of domain-specific risk- and protective factors. Although at a group-level, infant psychomotor development is a significant predictor of later intelligence quotient, the rate of development may change at any age. The phenomenon of “moving risk” underscores the importance of the long-term follow-up of preterm infants. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(41): 1672–1679.
Metasztatikus hormonérzékeny prosztatadaganat korszerű kezelése
Authors: Küronya Zsófia , Bíró Krisztina , Géczi Lajos , Maráz Anikó
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

The treatment of metastatic prostate cancer can be divided into two pathophysiological phases: hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant phases. Huggins’ observation in the year 1941, which was awarded with the Nobel Prize in 1966, has a key role in treatment during the hormone-sensitive phase, stating that if the testicles are removed, the size of the prostate cancer decreases. Inducing androgen deprivation, i.e., testosterone depletion is the basic treatment of metastatic prostate cancer that patients have to receive life-long. In the past eight years, five new agents have been approved besides docetaxel in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, and radium-223. With the sequential application of these agents, significant improvement can be achieved in survival. Besides the latest developments, the hormone-sensitive phase has become the focus of attention, especially in the treatment of patients with de novo metastases and poor prognosis. Many studies have proven the outstanding efficacy of adding early docetaxel and abiraterone to androgen deprivation therapy. The authors give a detailed overview of clinical studies leading to a paradigm change in treatment during the hormone-sensitive phase, and call attention to the difficulties encountered in Hungarian practice. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(41): 1664–1671.
Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of functional dentition among older people in Brazil
Authors: Andrade Fabiola Bof de , Antunes Jose Leopoldo Ferreira
Published: October 2018

The objective of this research was to evaluate trends in socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of functional dentition among community-dwelling older adults in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study with data from the last two SBBrasil Project surveys conducted in 2003 and 2010. Functional dentition was defined as the presence of 20 or more natural teeth and was assessed during the clinical examination of dentition status. Schooling was used as the socioeconomic position measure. Socioeconomic inequality was measured using two complex measures; the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII). The prevalence of functional dentition was 10.8% (95%CI: 8.1-14.2) in 2003 and 13.6% (95%CI: 11.1-16.5) in 2010. The prevalence of functional dentition increased significantly over the educational rank in both years. Absolute inequalities were significant for both years and remained unaltered between 2003 and 2010. Significant relative inequality in the prevalence of functional dentition was found in both years of the survey. Socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of functional dentition among older adults in Brazil persisted significantly between both national oral health surveys.
CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of pulmonary nodules smaller than 2 cm: technical aspects and factors influencing accuracy
Authors: Andrade Juliano Ribeiro de , Rocha Rafael Dahmer , Falsarella Priscila Mina , Rahal Junior Antonio , Santos Ricardo Sales dos , Franceschini Juliana Pereira , Fernando Hiran Chrishantha , Garcia Rodrigo Gobbo
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CT-CNB) of pulmonary nodules ≤ 2 cm, as well as to identify factors influencing the accuracy of the procedure and its morbidity. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study of 170 consecutive patients undergoing CT-CNB of small pulmonary nodules (of ≤ 2 cm) between January of 2010 and August of 2015. Results: A total of 156 CT-CNBs yielded a definitive diagnosis, the overall diagnostic accuracy being 92.3%. Larger lesions were associated with a higher overall accuracy (OR = 1.30; p = 0.007). Parenchymal hemorrhage occurring during the procedure led to lower accuracy rates (OR = 0.13; p = 0.022). Pneumothorax was the most common complication. A pleura-to-lesion distance > 3 cm was identified as a risk factor for pneumothorax (OR = 16.94), whereas performing a blood patch after biopsy was a protective factor for pneumothorax (OR = 0.18). Conclusions: Small nodules (of < 2 cm) represent a technical challenge for diagnosis. CT-CNB is an excellent diagnostic tool, its accuracy being high.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Screening for Asymptomatic Brain Tumors: A Review
Authors: Neugut Alfred I. , Sackstein Paul , Hillyer Grace C. , Jacobson Judith S. , Bruce Jeffrey , Lassman Andrew B. , Stieg Philip A.
Published: October 2018

Brain tumors comprise 2% of all cancers but are disproportionately responsible for cancer-related deaths. The 5-year survival rate of glioblastoma, the most common form of malignant brain tumor, is only 4.7%, and the overall 5-year survival rate for any brain tumor is 34.4%. In light of the generally poor clinical outcomes associated with these malignancies, there has been interest in the concept of brain tumor screening through magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we will provide a general overview of the screening principles and brain tumor epidemiology, then highlight the major studies examining brain tumor prevalence in asymptomatic populations in order to assess the potential benefits and drawbacks of screening for brain tumors.

Implications for Practice

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening in healthy asymptomatic adults can detect both early gliomas and other benign central nervous system abnormalities. Further research is needed to determine whether MRI will improve overall morbidity and mortality for the screened populations and make screening a worthwhile endeavor.
Bioimaging based on antibody-conjugated amphiphilic polymer-core@shell quantum dots
Authors: Zarnani Amir-Hassan , Nejadmoghaddam Mohammad-Reza , Moghaddam Mojtaba Mirhosseini , Mohammadi Fereshteh , Eskandari Mohammad , Ghahremanzadeh Ramin
Published: October 2018

Quantum dots (QDs) are one of the most important achievements in the fast-growing nanotechnology field. Their unique optical properties make them superior to conventional fluorophores and essential in many applications. They have been successfully applied in various fields such as optics, electronics and biology. The ability to make QDs water soluble and use them to label specific biomolecules has led to promising applications such as high-resolution cellular imaging. Here, the authors present procedures for the synthesis and coating of cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles and their surface modification with an amphiphilic polymer for biological conjugation. The effectiveness of biological functionalization was assessed through cadmium selenide conjugation to an amine-reactive anti-human CD4 monoclonal antibody. The results showed that the fabricated QD cores had a size distribution of about 2·5–3 nm with the first exciton absorption peak and maximum emission wavelengths of 518 and 525 nm, respectively. Coating with zinc sulfide (ZnS) markedly increased the emission intensity of QDs. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed surface modification of core@shell QDs with the polymer. Intense specific fluorescent signals were observed when the QD-conjugated antibody was electrophoresed. Taken together, the procedure introduced here could be viewed as a platform for functional and efficient synthesis of QD nanoparticles.
Prediction of Arteriovenous Fistula Clinical Maturation from Postoperative Ultrasound Measurements: Findings from the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study
Authors: Robbin Michelle L. , Greene Tom , Allon Michael , Dember Laura M. , Imrey Peter B. , Cheung Alfred K. , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Huber Thomas S. , Kaufman James S. , Radeva Milena K. , Roy-Chaudhury Prabir , Shiu Yan-Ting , Vazquez Miguel A. , Umphrey Heidi R. , Alexander Lauren , Abts Carl , Beck Gerald J. , Kusek John W. , Feldman Harold I. ,   the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study Group
Published: October 2018

Background

The utility of early postoperative ultrasound measurements in predicting arteriovenous fistula (AVF) clinical maturation is uncertain.

Methods

We investigated the relationships of ultrasound parameters with AVF clinical maturation in newly created AVF, measured at 1 day and 2 and 6 weeks, in 602 participants of a multicenter, observational cohort study. A backward elimination algorithm identified ultrasound measurements that independently predicted unassisted and overall AVF maturation. Candidate variables included AVF blood flow, diameter, and depth, upper arm arterial diameter, presence of stenosis, presence of accessory veins, seven case-mix factors (age, sex, black race, AVF location, diabetes, dialysis status, and body mass index), and clinical center. We evaluated the accuracy of the resulting models for clinical prediction.

Results

At each ultrasound measurement time, AVF blood flow, diameter, and depth each predicted in a statistically significant manner both unassisted and overall clinical maturation. Moreover, neither the remaining ultrasound parameters nor case-mix factors were associated with clinical AVF maturation after accounting for blood flow, diameter, and depth, although maturation probabilities differed among clinical centers before and after accounting for these parameters. The crossvalidated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for models constructed using these three ultrasound parameters was 0.69, 0.74, and 0.79 at 1 day and 2 and 6 weeks, respectively, for unassisted AVF clinical maturation and 0.69, 0.71, and 0.76, respectively, for overall AVF maturation.

Conclusions

AVF blood flow, diameter, and depth moderately predicted unassisted and overall AVF clinical maturation. The other factors considered did not further improve AVF maturation prediction.
Predictors of Energy and Fatigue in graduate health sciences students v1
Authors: Boolani Ali
Published: October 2018

Background: Until recently many researchers have examined energy and fatigue as opposite ends of a bipolar spectrum rather than two separate unipolar moods. Studies have also focused on a single variable to study these mood states rather than examining multiple variables simultaneously. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify factors predicting feelings of energy and fatigue while simultaneously examining multiple domains related to these mood states in graduate health sciences students. Methods: Seventy-seven subjects were recruited from a Physician Assistant, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy program at a small school in Northern New York. Subjects completed a series of surveys to measure mood, diet, mental work load intensity on school days and non-school days, and physical activity. Subjects also completed the Trail-making Test Part B task on an iPad and their Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) and muscle oxygen consumption mVO2 was measured. A backwards linear regression was used to determine the relationship between energy, fatigue and multiple variables. Results: The predictor variables accounted for 46.1% and 22.7% of the variance in fatigue and energy, respectively. More fatigue was associated with worse sleep quality, more time spent sitting and higher perceived intensity of mental workload on non-school days. More energy was associated with better sleep quality, higher muscle oxygen saturation, lower RMR, and faster psychomotor performance. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that energy and fatigue are separate constructs that are predicted with different accuracy by different variables. Our results indicate that small lifestyle changes may be necessary to improve feelings of fatigue but comprehensive interventions may be necessary to improve feelings of energy. This study provides new insight into a multi-domain approach to predicting energy and fatigue.
FLAVONOID PROFILING BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED TO MASS SPECTROMETRY (LC/MS) v2
Authors: E. Vital Camilo , D. Gómez Jenny , M. Vidigal Pedro , Barros Edvaldo , S.L. Pontes Claudia , M. Vieira Nívea , G. A. Oliveira Maria , J. O. Ramos Humberto
Published: October 2018

Flavonoids play a variety of biological activities in plants, animals and bacteria range from physiological development to plant responses for abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as health-promoting effects of pharmaceutical interest. The following protocol describes the steps and details to generation of qualitative and quantitative broad-range profiles of flavonoids from plant tissues by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph (UHPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry
Reconstruction of the Human Heart Functional Structure Based On a Few-Channel Magnetocardiogram
Authors: Ustinin M.N. , Maslennikov Yu.V. , Rykunov S.D. , Krymov V.A.
Published: October 2018

The new method of magnetocardiography data analysis is proposed. The method is based on the Fourier transform of prolonged time series and on the massive inverse
problem solution for all spectral components. Magnetocardiograms (MCG) were registered in the plane above the subject’s chest in the nodes of the “rectangular” (6×6)
grid with the step 40 mm at usual laboratory conditions without any additional magnetic shielding. The 9-channel MCG-system “MAG-SCAN-09” with dc-SQUID-based axial
second order gradiometers was used. The MCG-recording was performed in four positions of investigated subjects under the instrument to get all 36 MCGs. For each of
four positions of the MCG-recording the partial functional tomogram was calculated, which is the spatial distribution of elementary magnetic dipoles, observed in
this position. The complete functional tomogram of the thorax was obtained by the summation of four partial functional tomograms, containing the data about the same
object, observed from various positions. Filtering and contrasting of the complete functional tomogram made it possible to extract the 3D-object, representing the
functional structure of the heart. The method was used for five subjects and provided consistent results. It is possible to use this method in cardiography, because the
functional tomogram contains all measured information about individual heart.