bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Countercurrent Flow Limitation at the Junction between the Surge Line and the Pressurizer of a PWR
Authors: Doi Taiga , Futatsugi Takashi , Murase Michio , Hayashi Kosuke , Hosokawa Shigeo , Tomiyama Akio
Published: April 2012

An experimental study on countercurrent flow limitation (CCFL) in vertical pipes is carried out. Effects of upper tank geometry and water levels in the upper and lower tanks on CCFL characteristics are investigated for air-water two-phase flows at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) CCFL characteristics for different pipe diameters are well correlated using the Kutateladze number if the tank geometry and the water levels are the same; (2) CCFL occurs at the junction between the pipe and the upper tank both for the rectangular and cylindrical tanks, and CCFL with the cylindrical tank occurs not only at the junction but also inside the pipe at high gas flow rates and small pipe diameters; (3) the flow rate of water entering into the vertical pipe at the junction to the rectangular upper tank is lower than that to the cylindrical tank because of the presence of low frequency first-mode sloshing in the rectangular tank; (4) increases in the water level in the upper tank and in the air volume in the lower tank increase water penetration into the pipe, and therefore, they mitigate the flow limitation.
Safety and Efficacy of Tien-Hsien Liquid Practical in Patients with Refractory Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Phase IIa Trial
Authors: Kuo Wen-Hung , Yao Chien-An , Lin Chih Hui , Chang King-Jen
Published: April 2012

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Tien-Hsien Liquid Practical (THL-P), a Chinese herbal mixture, in patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase IIa pilot trial. Patients were randomly assigned to either receive THL-P or matching placebo and followed up every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was changes in the global health status/quality of life (GHS/QOL) scale. The secondary endpoints were changes in functional and symptom scales, immunomodulating effects, and adverse events. Sixty-three patients were enrolled between June 2009 and June 2011. The intent-to-treat population included 28 patients in the THL-P group and 11 patients in the placebo group. Compared to the placebo group, the THL-P group had significant improvement from baseline to last visit in GHS/QOL (41.7 versus −33.3;P<0.05), CD3, CD4/CD8, CD19, CD16+56 positive cells (P<0.05), and higher levels of physical, role, emotional, and cognitive functioning, as well as decreased fatigue and systemic side effects. Treatment-related adverse events were mild constipation and localized itching, and no serious adverse events were reported. THL-P appears to be a safe alternative adjuvant treatment for patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer, as it effectively improves QOL and palliates cancer-related symptoms.
Existence of Periodic Solutions for the Duffing Equation with Impulses
Authors: Yang Xuxin , Wang Weibing , Shen Jianhua
Published: April 2012

We study the existence of solutions to the Duffing equation with
impulses. By means of the Poincaré‐Birkhoff fixed point theorem under given conditions, we
obtain the sufficient condition of existence of infinitely many solutions. Our results generalize
those of T. R. Ding. An example is presented to demonstrate applications of our main result.
A Dynamic Method for Gap Filling in Daily Temperature Datasets
Authors: Tardivo Gianmarco , Berti Antonio
Published: April 2012

A regression-based approach for temperature data reconstruction has been used to fill the gaps in the series of automatic temperature records obtained from the meteorological network of Veneto Region (northeastern Italy). The method presented is characterized by a dynamic selection of the reconstructing stations and of the coupling period that can precede or follow the missing data. Each gap is considered as a specific case, identifying the best set of stations and the period that minimizes the estimated reconstruction error for the gap, thus permitting a potentially better adaptation to time-dependent factors affecting the relationships between stations. The best sampling size is determined through an inference procedure, permitting a highly specific selection of the parameters used to fill each gap in the time series. With a proper selection of the parameters, the average errors of reconstruction are close to 0 and those corresponding to the 95th percentile are typically around 0.1°C. In comparison with similar regression-based approaches, the errors are lower, particularly for minimum temperatures, and the method limits inversions between the minimum, mean, and maximum temperatures.
Reconstruction of a Daily Large-Pan Evaporation Dataset over China
Authors: Xiong An-Yuan , Liao Jie , Xu Bin
Published: April 2012

Land surface evaporation is an important component of the earth’s surface hydrological cycle, as well as in the atmospheric energy and water balances. In China, different instruments have been used over time to measure evaporation. A small pan with 20-cm diameter was used at most meteorological stations from 1951 to 2002. After 1998, large pans with areas of 3000 cm2 each were adopted at most stations. Collocated small- and large-pan observations of evaporation have been made at major stations from 1998 to 2002. This makes developing a homogenous time series of evaporation measurements difficult. This paper describes how surface evaporation data collected in the past are merged with more recent data collected by automated weather stations. A statistical model was set up on the basis of collocated small- and large-pan observations of evaporation, using a second-generation statistical regression technique [partial least squares (PLS)]. The model succeeds in generating daily large-pan evaporation estimates from small-pan evaporation data and selected meteorological parameters. Interpolation is used to replace missing data. The reconstructed large-pan evaporation dataset covers 751 weather stations across China from 1951 to 2005. Cross-validation tests show that the relative error of the daily estimated evaporation derived from the PLS regression model is 19% with a monthly mean error rate approaching 0 mm. The spatial distribution and interannual–interdecadal trends of the reconstructed large-pan evaporation dataset and small-pan observations are similar.
Marine Boundary Layer Cloud Feedbacks in a Constant Relative Humidity Atmosphere
Authors: Rieck Malte , Nuijens Louise , Stevens Bjorn
Published: April 2012

The mechanisms that govern the response of shallow cumulus, such as found in the trade wind regions, to a warming of the atmosphere in which large-scale atmospheric processes act to keep relative humidity constant are explored. Two robust effects are identified. First, and as is well known, the liquid water lapse rate increases with temperature and tends to increase the amount of water in clouds, making clouds more reflective of solar radiation. Second, and less well appreciated, the surface fluxes increase with the saturation specific humidity, which itself is a strong function of temperature. Using large-eddy simulations it is shown that the liquid water lapse rate acts as a negative feedback: a positive temperature increase driven by radiative forcing is reduced by the increase in cloud water and hence cloud albedo. However, this effect is more than compensated by a reduction of cloudiness associated with the deepening and relative drying of the boundary layer, driven by larger surface moisture fluxes. Because they are so robust, these effects are thought to underlie changes in the structure of the marine boundary layer as a result of global warming.
On the Surface Temperature Sensitivity of the Reflected Shortwave, Outgoing Longwave, and Net Incident Radiation
Authors: Aumann Hartmut H. , Ruzmaikin Alexander , Behrangi Ali
Published: April 2012

The global-mean top-of-atmosphere incident solar radiation (ISR) minus the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and the reflected shortwave radiation (RSW) is the net incident radiation (NET). This study analyzes the global-mean NET sensitivity to a change in the global-mean surface temperature by applying the interannual anomaly correlation technique to 9 yr of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) global measurements of RSW and OLR under cloudy and clear conditions. The study finds the observed sensitivity of NET that includes the effects of clouds to be −1.5 ± 0.25 (1σ) W m−2 K−1 and the clear NET sensitivity to be −2.0 ± 0.2 (1σ) W m−2 K−1, consistent with previous work using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment and Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System data. The cloud effect, +0.5 ± 0.2 (1σ) W m−2 K−1, is a positive component of the NET sensitivity. The similarity of the NET sensitivities derived from forced and unforced models invites a comparison between the observed sensitivities and the effective sensitivities calculated for the Fourth Assessment Report models, although this requires some caution: The effective model sensitivities with clouds range from −0.88 to −1.64 W m−2 K−1, the clear NET sensitivity in the models ranges from −2.32 to −1.73 W m−2 K−1, and the cloud forcing sensitivities range from +0.14 to +1.18 W m−2 K−1. The effective NET and clear NET sensitivities derived from the models are statistically consistent with those derived from the AIRS data, considering the observational and model derivation uncertainties.
Global Ocean Surface Wave Simulation Using a Coupled Atmosphere–Wave Model
Authors: Fan Yalin , Lin Shian-Jiann , Held Isaac M. , Yu Zhitao , Tolman Hendrik L.
Published: April 2012

This study describes a 29-yr (1981–2009) global ocean surface gravity wave simulation generated by a coupled atmosphere–wave model using NOAA/GFDL’s High-Resolution Atmosphere Model (HiRAM) and the WAVEWATCH III surface wave model developed and used operationally at NOAA/NCEP. Extensive evaluation of monthly mean significant wave height (SWH) against in situ buoys, satellite altimeter measurements, and the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) show very good agreements in terms of magnitude, spatial distribution, and scatter. The comparisons with satellite altimeter measurements indicate that the SWH low bias in ERA-40 reanalysis has been improved in these model simulations. The model fields show a strong response to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the North Atlantic and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) in the Pacific Ocean that are well connected with the atmospheric responses. For the NAO in winter, the strongest subpolar wave responses are found near the northern Europe coast and the coast of Labrador rather than in the central-northern Atlantic where the wind response is strongest. Similarly, for the SOI in the Pacific Ocean, the wave responses are strongest in the northern Bering Sea and the Antarctic coast.
Diagnostic Pressure Equation as a Weak Constraint in a Storm-Scale Three-Dimensional Variational Radar Data Assimilation System
Authors: Ge Guoqing , Gao Jidong , Xue Ming
Published: April 2012

A diagnostic pressure equation is incorporated into a storm-scale three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system in the form of a weak constraint in addition to a mass continuity equation constraint (MCEC). The goal of this diagnostic pressure equation constraint (DPEC) is to couple different model variables to help build a more dynamic consistent analysis, and therefore improve the data assimilation results and subsequent forecasts. Observational System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are first performed to examine the impact of the pressure equation constraint on storm-scale radar data assimilation using an idealized tornadic thunderstorm simulation. The impact of MCEC is also investigated relative to that of DPEC. It is shown that DPEC can improve the data assimilation results slightly after a given period of data assimilation. Including both DPEC and MCEC yields the best data assimilation results. Sensitivity tests show that MCEC is not very sensitive to the choice of its weighting coefficients in the cost function, while DPEC is more sensitive and its weight should be carefully chosen. The updated 3DVAR system with DPEC is further applied to the 5 May 2007 Greensburg, Kansas, tornadic supercell storm case assimilating real radar data. It is shown that the use of DPEC can speed up the spinup of precipitation during the intermittent data assimilation process and also improve the follow-on forecast in terms of the general evolution of storm cells and mesocyclone rotation near the time of observed tornado.
Potential Economic Value of Seasonal Hurricane Forecasts
Authors: Emanuel Kerry , Fondriest Fabian , Kossin James
Published: April 2012

This paper explores the potential utility of seasonal Atlantic hurricane forecasts to a hypothetical property insurance firm whose insured properties are broadly distributed along the U.S. Gulf and East Coasts. Using a recently developed hurricane synthesizer driven by large-scale meteorological variables derived from global reanalysis datasets, 1000 artificial 100-yr time series are generated containing both active and inactive hurricane seasons. The hurricanes thus produced damage to the property insurer’s portfolio of insured property, according to an aggregate wind-damage function. The potential value of seasonal hurricane forecasts is assessed by comparing the overall probability density of the company’s profits from a control experiment, in which the insurer purchases the same reinsurance coverage each year, to various test strategies in which the amount of risk retained by the primary insurer, and the corresponding premium paid to the reinsurer, varies according to whether the season is active or quiet, holding the risk of ruin constant.

Under the highly idealized conditions of this experiment, there is a clear advantage to the hypothetical property insurance firm of using seasonal hurricane forecasts to adjust the amount of reinsurance it purchases each year. Under a strategy that optimizes the company’s profits by holding the risk of ruin constant, the probability distribution of profit clearly separates from that of the control strategy after less than 10 yr when the seasonal forecasts are perfect. But when a more realistic seasonal forecast skill is assumed, the potential value of forecasts becomes significant only after more than a decade.
The Western Surgical Concern Inventory–Thyroid
Authors: Brandt Michael G. , Franklin Jason H. , Osborn Heather A. , Fung Kevin , Yoo John , Doyle Philip C.
Published: April 2012

Objective

Patients considering surgery face many uncertainties and concerns. This investigation sought to develop an objective assessment tool for characterizing the areas of greatest concern among those considering thyroidectomy.

Study Design

Prospective cohort design.

Setting

Tertiary‐care otolaryngology practice.

Subjects

Participants included individuals presenting with a thyroid nodule found to be of intermediate risk (15%‐20%) of cancer based on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and amendable to hemithyroidectomy.

Methods

As part of validating a clinical measure concerning perioperative concerns, patients presenting with thyroid nodules amendable to hemithyroidectomy were voluntarily recruited. Thirty individuals (6 men, 24 women) completed a novel 18‐item questionnaire during their initial clinical visit and again 3 days later. Outcome measures included descriptive statistics and test‐retest reliability.

Results

Individual patients have both general and specific preoperative concerns. A wide range of responses was obtained across the entire spectrum of the survey. The questionnaire demonstrated fair‐to‐excellent test‐retest reliability, with correlation values from 0.467 to 0.954. Between‐rater reliability was consistent with intraclass correlation coefficient values of 0.52 to 0.86. No relationship between question order and patient response was identified. Women were found to be more concerned about scar appearance (P =. 028), and men were conversely more concerned about resuming daily activities (P =. 026).

Conclusions

Patients considering thyroidectomy have concerns that remain stable in the early preoperative period. This is the first study to evaluate preoperative patient concerns and preliminarily establishes the Western Surgical Concern Inventory–Thyroid as a means of ensuring adequate patient counseling and a method of evaluating preoperative patient education.
Is the fast Hankel transform faster than quadrature?
Authors: Key Kerry
Published: April 2012

The fast Hankel transform (FHT) implemented with digital filters has been the algorithm of choice in EM geophysics for a few decades. However, other disciplines have predominantly relied on methods that break up the Hankel transform integral into a sum of partial integrals that are each evaluated with quadrature. The convergence of the partial sums is then accelerated through a nonlinear sequence transformation. While such a method was proposed for geophysics nearly three decades ago, it was demonstrated to be much slower than the FHT. This work revisits this problem by presenting a new algorithm named quadrature-with-extrapolation (QWE). The QWE method recasts the quadrature sum into a form conceptually similar to the FHT approach by using a fixed-point quadrature rule. The sum of partial integrals is efficiently accelerated using the Shanks transformation computed with Wynn’s [Formula: see text] algorithm. A Matlab implementation of the QWE algorithm is compared with the FHT method for accuracy and speed on a suite of relevant modeling problems including frequency-domain controlled-source EM, time-domain EM, and a large-loop magnetic source problem. Surprisingly, the QWE method is faster than the FHT for all three problems. However, when the integral needs to be evaluated at many offsets and the lagged convolution variant of the FHT is applicable, the FHT is significantly faster than the QWE method. For divergent integrals such as those encountered in the large loop problem, the QWE method can provide an accurate answer when the FHT method fails.
Associations between positive psychology and creativity
Authors: Barkóczi Ilona
Published: April 2012

A szerző az eddig folytatott kreativitásvizsgálatok eredményeit összegzi abból a szempontból, hogy milyen összefüggésben lehet akár a hétköznapi életben megjelenő, akár a kiemelkedő alkotók kreativitása az optimizmussal, egészséggel és szubjektív jólléttel. Levezetései szerint mindkét típusú kreativitás valószínűleg együtt jár az optimizmussal – kivéve a művészek esetét, mert erre a következtetésre utaló eredményeket nem talált a szerző. A köznapi kreativitás és a szubjektív jóllét együttjárása azonban valószínűsíthető.
What psychology is called to do in the coming decades
Authors: Csíkszentmihályi Mihály
Published: April 2012

Csíkszentmihályi Mihály tanulmánya az embernek a világegyetemben betöltött szerepét boncolgatja, és arra a következtetésre jut, hogy a páratlan hatékonyságú elmével és tudattal megáldott (vagy megvert) Embernek felelősséget kell vállalnia jövője, valamint saját fejlődése és evolúciója fenntarthatósága iránt. Először is az önmagunkról alkotott képet kell rendeznünk (nemcsak a mohóság és a nemiség, hanem az együttműködés, az altruizmus és a spiritualitás is jellemző ránk), majd ki kell dolgoznunk alternatív reakciómódokat a génjeink, ösztöneink és a hagyományos kondicionálás reánk gyakorolt kényszereire adott válaszként. Egyedül akkor lehet esélyünk a túlélésre, ha rátalálunk az öröm és a lelkesedés új, értelmes formáira, és gondoskodunk arról, hogy ezek egyben elősegítik a környezet egyensúlyának és sokféleségének megóvását, a társadalmi igazságosságot, tudatunk komplexitásának növekedését, valamint méltó alternatívát kínálnak számunkra az anyagiasság és a fogyasztás hajhászásával szemben is.
Beberagens Tupinambá e processos educativos no Brasil Colonial
Authors: Albuquerque Maria Betânia Barbosa
Published: April 2012

Este artigo tem como objetivo a descrição das diversas ocasiões sociais em que estava presente o consumo de bebidas fermentadas entre os índios Tupinambá, considerados por cronistas e viajantes como grandes amantes das beberagens. Resultado de uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, são priorizadas como fontes crônicas de viagens; cartas e informações de missionários que presenciaram as beberagens, sobretudo, nos séculos XVI e XVII; estudos antropológicos e históricos interessados nas práticas do beber indígenas; além de estudos arqueológicos que registram a cultura material dos Tupinambá. Teoricamente, o trabalho baseiase em pressupostos da História Cultural, em particular da História da Alimentação, na qual se podem inserir os rituais de beberagens. Argumentase que, por meio das práticas de beber, ensinamentos eram transmitidos e apreendidos, configurandoas como situação de comunicação e aprendizagem.
Os ciclos e a progressão continuada na opinião de pais e alunos
Authors: Jacomini Márcia Aparecida
Published: April 2012

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a opinião de pais e alunos sobre os ciclos e a progressão continuada na Rede Municipal de São Paulo. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em duas escolas durante o ano letivo de 2005. Os dados foram coletados por meio de visitas semanais às escolas e entrevistas com 28 pais e 28 alunos, das duas escolas, e organizados em categorias temáticas, de acordo com Bardin (2004). A análise dos dados mostra que o conhecimento dos entrevistados sobre a organização do ensino municipal refere-se à forma de progressão dos alunos e eles não sabem o que é um ensino organizado em ciclos. A maioria dos entrevistados disse ser contrária à progressão continuada porque acredita que, sem a reprovação anual, os alunos serão promovidos sem saber e não estudam. Observou-se que o fato de o ensino municipal de São Paulo não estar organizado em ciclos, tal como foi concebido na proposta inicial, A ausência de um ensino em ciclos na cidade de São Paulo parece influenciar a oposição de pais e alunos à progressão continuada.
Livros didáticos de Biologia do Ensino Médio: resultados do PNLEM/2007
Authors: El-Hani Charbel Niño , Roque Nádia , Rocha Pedro Luís Bernardo da
Published: April 2012

Em 2005, os livros didáticos de Biologia do ensino médio publicados no Brasil foram avaliados, como parte do Programa Nacional do Livro para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM). Neste artigo, relatamos resultados dessa avaliação. Os critérios e o processo de avaliação são apresentados de modo detalhado, bem como os principais problemas das obras não-recomendadas para compra pelo MEC e os principais aspectos positivos das obras recomendadas. Das 18 obras submetidas à avaliação, nove satisfizeram os critérios mínimos de qualidade para aprovação. Sete obras didáticas excluídas apresentaram problemas em todas as classes de critérios de avaliação. Todas as nove obras excluídas exibiram problemas relativos à correção e adequação conceituais, e à precisão da informação básica fornecida. As qualidades mais frequentes nas obras recomendadas diziam respeito à adequação metodológica e à construção do conhecimento. Não encontramos evidências claras de que a frequência de escolha pelos professores do ensino médio refletiu a qualidade dos itens avaliados, conforme estabelecida pela equipe que analisou as obras.
Richard Rorty e a "agenda pós": críticas, interpretações, redescrições
Authors: Almeida Felipe Quintão de , Vaz Alexandre Fernandez
Published: April 2012

O artigo trata da recepção da obra de Richard Rorty no campo da educação, com ênfase na descrição realizada pela pedagogia marxista brasileira. Apresenta, neste contexto, os usos que a pedagogia marxista tem operado do filósofo húngaro Georg Lukács e do seu colega de ofício Roy Bhaskar (indiano há muitos anos radicado na Inglaterra), como possibilidades para se contrapor à presença de Rorty na produção do conhecimento em educação. Analisa se as críticas a ele dirigidas (contra-iluminismo, irracionalismo, relativismo ontológico, falácia epistêmica, empiricismo etc.) se sustentam quando cotejadas com outra leitura de sua obra, a nossa própria. A redescrição realizada indica os limites e as insuficiências da descrição a que se opôs.
Álcool, direção automotiva e o Programa Vida Urgente na visão de jovens voluntários
Authors: Nascimento Andréa dos Santos , Macedo Davi Manzini , Rafalski Julia Carolina , Abreu Lorena Dias de , Lima Mayara Gama de
Published: April 2012

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as representações sociais dos jovens voluntários do Programa Vida Urgente, do Espírito Santo, acerca do trabalho por eles realizado. Foram realizadas 20 entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado objetivando conhecer a opinião sobre os efeitos da própria atuação e a visão que possuem do programa. Para tanto foram entrevistados jovens de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 15 e 26 anos, posteriormente divididos em dois grupos com base no critério de tempo de atuação nas ações do Programa: G1 - 06 a 12 meses e G2 - acima de 12 meses. Por meio da análise de conteúdo, verificou-se que a afinidade com a proposta do trabalho voluntário e a valorização do discurso da conscientização são alguns dos motivos para o ingresso no Programa. Os entrevistados informaram ter identificado maior receptividade no público-alvo, o que é percebido por eles como uma mudança positiva no comportamento dos motoristas abordados.
Teoria, avaliação e psicoterapia segundo a proposta de Theodore Millon
Authors: Carvalho Lucas de Francisco
Published: April 2012

Os transtornos da personalidade podem ser compreendidos como construtos teóricos empregados para representar diversos estilos ou padrões em que a personalidade funciona de maneira mal-adaptada em relação ao seu ambiente. A teoria dos estilos da personalidade de Theodore Millon é um dos modelos que se propõem a compreender esses transtornos. A partir de seu modelo teórico, são sugeridos distintos estilos da personalidade, bem como um instrumento para avaliação dos transtornos da personalidade, o Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI), que é amplamente utilizado no contexto de pesquisa e clínica no âmbito internacional, e uma modalidade psicoterapêutica, chamada de psicoterapia sinergética.
Teorias implícitas sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem
Authors: Silva Santiago Amurrio , Fossatti Paulo , Sarmento Dirléia Fanfa
Published: April 2012

A pesquisa focalizou as teorias implícitas dos professores sobre ensino e aprendizagem. Assume-se a ótica das teorias implícitas: a direta (o conhecimento é uma cópia fiel da realidade), a interpretativa (o conhecimento reflete a realidade percebida) e a construtivista (conhecimento como construção pessoal). Responderam ao questionário com dilemas sobre situações pedagógicas 468 professores (Educação Infantil, Educação Básica e Ensino Médio). Os resultados do estudo indicam que 50,9% do conjunto de professores selecionaram respostas construtivistas para os dilemas apresentados, 35%, respostas interpretativas e 13,5%, respostas diretas. Os dados obtidos sinalizam para a importância de novos estudos que focalizem e aprofundem as representações do grupo de professores que não selecionaram respostas construtivistas (49,1%) e as relações entre tais representações e suas práticas docentes.
Leitura e escrita em alunos de escola pública: 3º vs 4º ano
Authors: Silva Elza Maria Tavares , Witter Geraldina Porto , Carvalho Priscila Fernandes de
Published: April 2012

Este estudo objetivou descrever o desempenho de alunos do 3º e 4º anos do ensino fundamental em compreensão de leitura (teste Cloze) e em produção escrita de descrição e narração, levando em consideração o gênero dos alunos. Participaram 60 alunos de uma escola pública, divididos em quatro grupos. Os materiais foram: Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido; teste para compreensão em leitura; figura para descrição e material com a apresentação do tema para narração. Comparando os quatro grupos (ANOVA), observou-se não haver qualquer diferença que tivesse significância estatística em compreensão em leitura; em descrição, o melhor desempenho foi do 4º ano masculino, em narração, foi o 3º ano masculino. Aglutinaram-se os grupos para comparar escolaridade/gênero recorrendo-se ao teste Mann-Whitney, que evidenciou melhor desempenho do 4º ano feminino. O quarto ano foi superior ao terceiro, sem diferença atribuível a gênero. Houve baixo desempenho dos escolares em relação aos padrões esperados e há necessidade da integração de leitura-escrita
Atividade educativa, pensamento e linguagem: contribuições da psicologia histórico-cultural
Authors: Bernardes Maria Eliza Mattosinho
Published: April 2012

A finalidade deste estudo é examinar a questão da formação do educador relacionada à compreensão dos aspectos essenciais da constituição e desenvolvimento histórico do pensamento e da linguagem. Tem-se como tese que a formação do profissional da educação deve objetivar a promoção das condições universais na constituição dos sujeitos individuais para superar as concepções deterministas de psicologia e da educação pautadas na influência do ambiente e/ou das bases biológicas. Para tanto, o estudo apresenta uma síntese sobre as raízes filogenéticas e ontogenéticas do pensamento e da linguagem, além de propor o que é necessário para que a atividade educativa promova as funções psicológicas superiores. Conclui-se que tanto o pensamento quanto a linguagem devem ser considerados como apropriações que se objetivam nas atividades humanas. No âmbito educacional, considera-se fundamental que o educador tenha ciência de como ocorrem tais processos psíquicos e que organize ações na atividade pedagógica de modo a criar possibilidades para a potencialização das funções psicológicas superiores
Interpretation of Pressure Tests in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Without Type Curve Matching
Authors: Engler Thomas W. , Tiab Djebbar
Published: April 2012

A new, alternative method, referred to as "direct synthesis", is proposed for interpretation of pressure tests in naturally fractured reservoirs.

Direct synthesis utilizes the characteristic intersection points and slopes of various straight lines from a log-log plot of pressure and pressure derivative data. Values of these points are linked directly to the exact, analytical solutions to obtain reservoir or well parameters. The direct synthesis method offers the following advantages: (1) accurate results from using the analytical equations to calculate reservoir parameters, (2) independent verification is frequently possible from a third unique point, and (3) useful information is obtained when not all flow regimes are observed, as a direct result of the additional characteristic values developed by the method.

Application of this technique is presented for single-well pressure tests in an infinite-acting naturally fractured reservoir with pseudosteady state interporosity flow, including the effects of wellbore storage and skin. New analytical and empirical expressions were developed as a result of this work. These expressions are an integral part of the technique, providing the desired accuracy and versatility.

Several field examples are given to clarify the technique and also illustrate the accuracy of the method. When possible, a comparative analysis with other methods is included.
In Vivo Validation of a Bioinformatics Based Tool to Identify Reduced Replication Capacity in HIV-1
Authors: Kitchen Christina M.R , Krogstad Paul , Kitchen Scott G
Published: April 2012

Although antiretroviral drug resistance is common in treated HIV infected individuals, it is not a consistent indicator of HIV morbidity and mortality. To the contrary, HIV resistance-associated mutations may lead to changes in viral fitness that are beneficial to infected individuals. Using a bioinformatics-based model to assess the effects of numerous drug resistance mutations, we determined that the D30N mutation in HIV-1 protease had the largest decrease in replication capacity among known protease resistance mutations. To test thisin silicoresult in anin vivoenvironment, we constructed several drug-resistant mutant HIV-1 strains and compared their relative fitness utilizing the SCID-hu mouse model. We found HIV-1 containing the D30N mutation had a significant defectin vivo, showing impaired replication kinetics and a decreased ability to deplete CD4+ thymocytes, compared to the wild-type or virus without the D30N mutation. In comparison, virus containing the M184V mutation in reverse transcriptase, which shows decreased replication capacityin vitro, did not have an effect on viral fitnessin vivo. Thus, in this study we have verified anin silicobioinformatics result with a biological assessment to identify a unique mutation in HIV-1 that has a significant fitness defectin vivo.
The Morningside Initiative: Collaborative Development of a Knowledge Repository to Accelerate Adoption of Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Greenes Robert , Bloomrosen Meryl , Brown-Connolly Nancy E. , Curtis Clayton , Detmer Don E , Enberg Robert , Fridsma Douglas , Fry Emory , Goldstein Mary K , Haug Peter , Hulse Nathan , Hongsermeier Tonya , Maviglia Saverio , Robbins Craig W , Shah Hemant
Published: April 2012

The Morningside Initiative is a public-private activity that has evolved from an August, 2007, meeting at the Morningside Inn, in Frederick, MD, sponsored by the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) of the US Army Medical Research Materiel Command. Participants were subject matter experts in clinical decision support (CDS) and included representatives from the Department of Defense, Veterans Health Administration, Kaiser Permanente, Partners Healthcare System, Henry Ford Health System, Arizona State University, and the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA). The Morningside Initiative was convened in response to the AMIA Roadmap for National Action on Clinical Decision Support and on the basis of other considerations and experiences of the participants. Its formation was the unanimous recommendation of participants at the 2007 meeting which called for creating a shared repository of executable knowledge for diverse health care organizations and practices, as well as health care system vendors. The rationale is based on the recognition that sharing of clinical knowledge needed for CDS across organizations is currently virtually non-existent, and that, given the considerable investment needed for creating, maintaining and updating authoritative knowledge, which only larger organizations have been able to undertake, this is an impediment to widespread adoption and use of CDS. The Morningside Initiative intends to develop and refine (1) an organizational framework, (2) a technical approach, and (3) CDS content acquisition and management processes for sharing CDS knowledge content, tools, and experience that will scale with growing numbers of participants and can be expanded in scope of content and capabilities. Intermountain Healthcare joined the initial set of participants shortly after its formation. The efforts of the Morningside Initiative are intended to serve as the basis for a series of next steps in a national agenda for CDS. It is based on the belief that sharing of knowledge can be highly effective as is the case in other competitive domains such as genomics. Participants in the Morningside Initiative believe that a coordinated effort between the private and public sectors is needed to accomplish this goal and that a small number of highly visible and respected health care organizations in the public and private sector can lead by example. Ultimately, a future collaborative knowledge sharing organization must have a sustainable long-term business model for financial support.
The study of Zn–Co alloy coatings electrochemically deposited by pulse current
Authors: Bajat Jelena , Maksimovic Miodrag , Tomic Milorad , Pavlovic Miomir
Published: April 2012

The electrochemical deposition by pulse current of Zn-Co alloy coatings on
steel was examined, with the aim to find out whether pulse plating could
produce alloys that could offer a better corrosion protection. The influence
of on-time and the average current density on the cathodic current
efficiency, coating morphology, surface roughness and corrosion stability in
3% NaCl was examined. At the same Ton/Toff ratio the current efficiency was
insignificantly smaller for deposition at higher average current density. It
was shown that, depending on the on-time, pulse plating could produce more
homogenous alloy coatings with finer morphology, as compared to deposits
obtained by direct current. The surface roughness was the greatest for Zn-Co
alloy coatings deposited with direct current, as compared with alloy coatings
deposited with pulse current, for both examined average current densities. It
was also shown that Zn-Co alloy coatings deposited by pulse current could
increase the corrosion stability of Zn-Co alloy coatings on steel. Namely,
alloy coatings deposited with pulse current showed higher corrosion
stability, as compared with alloy coatings deposited with direct current, for
almost all examined cathodic times, Ton. Alloy coatings deposited at higher
average current density showed greater corrosion stability as compared with
coatings deposited by pulse current at smaller average current density. It
was shown that deposits obtained with pulse current and cathodic time of 10
ms had the poorest corrosion stability, for both investigated average
deposition current density. Among all investigated alloy coatings the highest
corrosion stability was obtained for Zn-Co alloy coatings deposited with
pulsed current at higher average current density (jav = 4 A dm-2).
Aesthetic experience of dance performances
Authors: Vukadinovic Maja , Markovic Slobodan
Published: April 2012

In this study the aesthetic experience of dance performances is investigated.
The study includes construction of an instrument for measuring the aesthetic
experience of dance performances and an investigation of the structure of
both dancers? and spectators? aesthetic experience. The experiments are
carried out during eight different performances of various dance forms,
including classical ballet, contemporary dance, flamenco and folklore. Three
factors of aesthetic experience of dance performances are identified:
Dynamism, Exceptionality and Affective Evaluation. The results show that
dancers? aesthetic experience has a somewhat different factorial structure
from that of the spectators?. Unlike spectators? aesthetic experience,
dancers? aesthetic experience singles out the Excitement factor. The results
are discussed within the context of dancers? proprioception and spectators?
exteroception since these findings confirm the idea of a significant role of
proprioception in dancers? aesthetic experience.
Psychosocial coping resources and health among Germans and Poles
Authors: Schrőder Harry , Reschke Konrad , Gärtner Angelika , Kaczmarek Łukasz , Sęk Helena , Ziarko Michał , Pasikowski Tomasz
Published: April 2012

Psychosocial coping resources and health among Germans and Poles

Culture has a substantial impact on mechanism of coping with stress and related health outcomes. We proposed a model emphasizing the mediating role of coping resources and competences in the relationship between controllability of demands in professional/educational life and health in the cross-cultural context. The model is based on the transactional model of stress. 595 participants from East Germany, West Germany and Poland completed: Sense of Coherence Scale SOC-9, Self-Esteem Scale, Social Support Scale, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Proactive Coping Inventory, Scale of Demands in Professional Life, Brief Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Mental Health Questionnaire. The results have shown the general cross-cultural validity of the proposed mediational model but also indicated some cultural differences in the determinants of health. Germans had higher self-esteem and social support. Poles had higher self-efficacy and used proactive coping strategies more often. Self-esteem was the strongest predictor of mental health in both nations. We discussed the results within a broad interpretive framework of social transitions.
Identity, self-sufficiency and disability in the context of educational and vocational activity
Authors: Piotrowski Konrad , Brzezińska Anna
Published: April 2012

Identity, self-sufficiency and disability in the context of educational and vocational activity

This study focused on relations between identity and sense of self-sufficiency. These relations were analysed in the context of educational and vocational activity. 204 persons without disabilities and 230 persons with different kinds of disability participated in the study. Participants were divided into three groups: (1) 18-24-year-olds - students, (2) 25-30-year-olds - unemployed and (3) 25-30-year-olds - employed. The results revealed that unemployed people have significant problems with identity formation. This group obtained the highest scores on ruminative exploration and the lowest scores on the scales of commitment making and identification with commitment. Self-sufficiency proved to be a moderator of the relations between educational/vocational activity on the one hand and exploration in breadth and exploration in depth on the other hand. In students, level of exploration was high in individuals with a high sense of self-sufficiency whereas in the unemployed strong exploration was observed in the group with low sense of self-sufficiency. The need to conduct studies where participants are recruited from populations which seldom attract researchers' interest, such as the unemployed and people of low social status, is also noted.
Significant Alloy Elements in Welded Steel Structures of Car Body
Authors: Węgrzyn T. , Wieszała R.
Published: April 2012

Significant Alloy Elements in Welded Steel Structures of Car Body

Structure, safety and exploitation conditions of welding steel in car body depend on many factors. The main role of that conditions is connected with car body material, welding technology, state of stress and temperature. Because of that, a good selection of steel and welding method is very important for proper steel structure. Low alloy steel is used for car body structure, very often with small amount of carbon and the amount of alloy elements such as Ni, Mn, Mo, Cr and V in car body and welded joints. Depending on the kind of steel which is used, a proper welding method and adequate filler materials should be applied. The present paper describes the influence of Mn, Ni, Mo, Cr, V in WMD (Weld Metal Deposit) on the behaviour of steel structure especially for low temperature service.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation of Liquid-Liquid Mixing in Mixer Settler
Authors: Shabani M. , Mazahery A.
Published: April 2012

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation of Liquid-Liquid Mixing in Mixer Settler

Mixer-settlers are widely used inmetallurgical, mineral and chemical process. One of the greatest challenges in the area of hydrometallurgy process simulation is agitation made by impeller inside mixer-settler which yet presents one of the most common operations. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to predict the effect of different physical parameters including temperature and density on the mixing characteristics of the system. It is noted that non-isotropic nature of flow in a mixer-settler, the complex geometry of rotating impellers and the large disparity in geometric scales present are some of the factors which contribute to the simulation difficulty. The experimental data for different velocity outlet was also used in order to validate the model.
Some Aspects of Continuous Casting of Low Carbon Microalloyed Steels with Niobium and Titanium
Authors: Derda W. , Wiedermann J.
Published: April 2012

Some Aspects of Continuous Casting of Low Carbon Microalloyed Steels with Niobium and Titanium

An analysis of the causes of transverse corner and surface crack formation during continuous casting of low carbon niobium and titanium-containing steel into square billets is presented in this paper. Using X - ray analysis method, the chemical composition of non- metallic phases inside corner cracks was determined. The temperature ranges of the occurrence of nitrides and carbonitrides of Nb, Ti and Al were established using FactSage 6.2., a commercial computer program. The need for the precise selection of cooling conditions during casting of billets both in the mould and in spray cooling regions was pointed out with the aim of obtaining the optimum surface, and particularly corner temperature of the billet before its entrance to the straightening stand.
The Role of Knowledge and Skills for Managing Emotions in Adaptation to School
Authors: Lopes Paulo N. , Mestre José M. , Guil Rocío , Kremenitzer Janet Pickard , Salovey Peter
Published: April 2012

Students’ ability to evaluate emotionally challenging situations and identify effective strategies for managing emotions in themselves and others was negatively related to poor classroom social behavior across three studies. These studies, involving 463 students from two Spanish high schools and one American university, examined indicators of adaptation to school based on teacher ratings and official school records. Relationships between the ability to manage emotions, measured with a situational judgment test, and indicators of social adaptation to school remained significant or marginally significant after controlling for demographic factors, personality traits, and indicators of cognitive ability. These findings suggest that emotion regulation knowledge and skills that can be taught explain important aspects of socio-emotional adaptation to school over and above other relevant constructs.
Concepts and Methods of Common Property Resource Management
Authors: Gurung Om
Published: April 2012

DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v1i0.274Dhaulagiri Vol.1 (2005) pp.33-41
Dispute Management in Farmer’s Managed Irrigation System: A Case Study of Geya Danda Irrigation System of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Kattel Sewanta
Published: April 2012

DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v1i0.277Dhaulagiri Vol.1 (2005) pp.87-96
Commons of Identity: Sherpa Identity Management
Authors: Loland Leif Rune
Published: April 2012

The recent history of Sherpas demonstrates how identities can be scarce goods. While ‘Sherpa’ refers to an ethnic identity, ‘Sherpa’ refers to a crucial occupation in the trekking industry.i Their privileged position in Nepal’s international tourist industry is related to their common reputation. Their collective use of identity seems to help them getting access to an economic niche, and work in tourism seems to be an aspect of being Sherpa. Thus, an individual that operates in the tourist market does not only manage material assets but also identity assets to maintain the Sherpa reputation. Consequently, one can expect it to be a collective concern to husband their image, ie to control each member’s behaviour which could affect the Sherpa image. This article on Sherpa identity in encounters with outsiders analyses Sherpaness as a manageable resource that constitutes a collectively sanctioned commons. My point of departure is Barth’s analysis of ethnic boundary dynamics (1969, 1994) combined with Bourdieu’s concept of ‘capital’ and Hardin’s perspective on commons.DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v1i0.288Dhaulagiri Vol.1 (2005) pp.176-192
Socio-economic Impacts of Tourism in Lumbini, Nepal: A Case Study
Authors: Acharya Pradeep
Published: April 2012

DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v1i0.290Dhaulagiri Vol.1 (2005) pp.193-206