bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose - based hydrogels by freeze-thaw method
Authors: Bayraktar Seyda , Copur Buse , Gunes Erdogan , Uysal Ahmet , Okudan Ahmet
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the structural and functional properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/NaCMC) hydrogels synthesized via the freeze-thawing method using 1% acetic acid (AAc) and distilled water (Dw) as solvents. The results demonstrate that solvent choice and NaCMC concentration significantly influence hydrogel performance, particularly for wound dressings. PVA/NaCMC (AAc)-3.5% emerged as the optimal formulation, exhibiting superior antimicrobial activity, structural stability, and enhanced crosslinking, as evidenced by FT-IR, SEM, and TEM analyses. XRD confirmed higher crystallinity in the AAc-based hydrogel, while swelling tests showed greater water absorption in the Dw-based hydrogel, attributed to its looser network. Antimicrobial tests highlighted the broad-spectrum efficacy of PVA/NaCMC (AAc)-3.5%, inhibiting Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi due to acetic acid’s low pH and hydrogen bond stabilization. These findings emphasize the importance of solvent selection in designing hydrogels for wound care applications requiring infection prevention and structural integrity.
Examining the mechanical and biodegradable characteristics of hemp fiber added PLA bio-composites with various modifications
Authors: Çevik Elen Nurhan , Yıldırım Musa , Kanbur Yasin
Published: January 2025

In this research, green composites were produced by reinforcing 30% hemp fiber by weight for the purpose of improving the properties of polylactic acid (PLA) polymer. Surface treatments such as alkali (NaOH) and silane (APTES), different modification methods such as poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blend processes, maleic anhydride (MA) coupling were all employed to improve fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion. Extrusion and injection molding were used to create PLA bio-composites, and their thermal, mechanical, and degrading characteristics were examined. The glass transition and crystallization temperature generally reduced, while the melting temperature and degree of crystallinity increased, according to Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Reinforcement of hemp fiber increased the tensile strength of all bio-composites. Compared to pure PLA, the tensile strength of N-H/PLA (alkali-treated hemp/PLA) is 54.3%, P-H/PLA (PBS-untreated hemp/PLA) is 24.69% improved the T-H/PLA (TPU-untreated hemp/PLA) had the best elongation at break value due to the TPU polymer’s flexibility. The N-H/PLA bio-composite showed the lowest soil degradability after neat PLA. The S-H/PLA (silane-treated hemp/PLA) offers the highest weight loss value. The FTIR spectra of APTES-treated hemp fibers did not change significantly. The N-H/PLA had the lowest water absorption, while the M-H/PLA (MA- untreated hemp/PLA) had the greatest.
Evaluating leadership development programs in healthcare organizations: A profile from practice
Authors: Fortenberry John L.
Published: January 2025

To enhance leadership acumen and intelligence among the managerial ranks, many healthcare organizations establish leadership development programs. Doing so makes perfect sense as the caliber of leadership within health and medical institutions profoundly influences all aspects of operation. Although leadership development programs are very capable mechanisms for advancing the state of leadership within healthcare organizations, a notable enhancement—evaluation—is needed to maximize their potential. Across commerce, techniques for evaluating leadership development programs are highly varied. The specific evaluative approach selected matters not, as long as it satisfactorily assesses program performance. Problems, however, emerge when establishments choose to forgo evaluative pursuits altogether. Omission of such often is attributed to fears concerning the complexity of evaluation and its associated resource requirements. It is further hastened by the dearth of easily accessible examples from practice, with this limiting idea sharing, impeding evaluation system development and proliferation. To encourage the circulation of associated ideas, this article provides a helpful account from practice, describing the approach used by Willis Knighton Health to evaluate its leadership development program. This very lean, conservative application constitutes just one of many possibilities. Through its portrayal, it is hoped that healthcare organizations hesitant to engage in the assessment of their leadership development programs will be encouraged to proceed.
A formal model of party competition with salience
Authors: Kurella Anna-Sophie
Published: January 2025

Recent empirical research points at the significance of issue salience for party competition and argues that small parties emphasize secondary issues. This article investigates parties’ salience strategies from a formal viewpoint. It presents a model of party competition that allows parties to compete with policy positions on a second dimension, and also to choose an optimal level of issue salience. Equilibrium results are computed based on artificial data. The results identify various relevant factors for policy divergence and emphasis on the second policy issue dimension, notably the structure of public opinion and non-policy related valence differences. The results suggest that it is not only challenger parties at the fringe, but also valence-advantaged parties that seek to push the salience of secondary policy issues.
The Decline of the Human? Identity, Agency, and Justice in an Age of Emerging Neurotechnologies
Authors: Messer Neil
Published: January 2025

Emerging neurotechnologies promise to make possible the collection and analysis of users’ brain data, the connection of brains to machines or other brains, and modification of brain functions. This article explores questions about identity, agency, moral responsibility, and social justice raised by these technological prospects. The ethical analysis of these questions is framed in terms of the common good, understood as the conditions that make for the fullest possible flourishing of all. Within that perspective, our questions about neurotechnologies are explored by means of some key theological and ethical themes: the imago Dei, understood ‘performatively’ as recommended by Alistair McFadyen, the vision of human sociality set forth in the Pauline metaphor of the body of Christ, as explicated in Dietrich Bonhoeffer's ecclesiology, Bonhoeffer's concept of ‘vicarious representative action’, and the account of responsible life in his Ethics.
Personalized estimating metabolic equivalents by an integration system of marker-less motion capture, portable 3D scanner and calculation of mechanical work
Authors: Matsubara Masami , Watanabe Yasunari , Tamura Yu , Nakagaki Akemi , Ito Akihito , Tajiri Daiki , Kawamura Shozo
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to develop a personalized exercise evaluation technology that can simultaneously and accurately estimate metabolic equivalents (METs) and postural measurement during exercise to provide personalized training content, exercise intensity, and competition time according to the individual. To this end, we developed a measurement system that integrates three technologies: marker-less motion capture, human body dimension measurement, and METs estimation based on mechanical energy. For validation, the METs obtained from the exhaled gas analyzer were used as the true value, and the accuracy was compared with that estimated by an activity meter, a standard method. The test conditions included 10 adult male participants and nine different test events with varying proportions of upper and lower limbs. The validity test results showed that the estimation accuracy was equivalent to that of an activity meter. In addition, since the proposed method estimates the posture during exercise, it is possible to analyze the causes of the differences in the METs between participants in the same test. In this study, a method for estimating METs based on mechanical energy is proposed and validated. This method considers the effect of body shape since it uses marker-less motion capture to evaluate motion. The regression coefficients necessary for MET estimation are based on data from 19 participants (male:female ratio 16:3) aged 19–33 years old, and the validity evaluation was conducted on 10 male participants aged 22–24 years old. Future studies should assess the applicability of the METs estimation to other populations with relatively different body composition rates, such as males and pregnant and non-pregnant females.
Driver muscle fatigue analysis based on monorail crane operating environment biomechanical coupling model and surface electromyography signal
Authors: Yunsheng Xin , Hongyi Jin , Zhenbing Ning , Lili Zhang , Nina Su
Published: January 2025

To quantitatively analyze and evaluate the driving fatigue of monorail crane drivers, this research established a biomechanical coupling model of the cab-driver operation environment within the Anybody. Muscle activation and muscle force were utilized as evaluation indicators to analyze the driving fatigue characteristics of monorail crane drivers. The research revealed that during the driving process, the biceps brachii displays the most pronounced variation for muscle activation and muscle force. In contrast, the trapezius and latissimus dorsi show less force and activation, with smoother curve changes. The extensor digitorum significantly exerts force during driving times of 1∼2, 12∼15.8, and 27∼30 s, with minimal activity otherwise. The rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, and soleus exhibit a cyclical pattern of increasing and then decreasing muscle force and activation. Peak durations for these muscles are 3∼21 and 27∼39 s, while the biceps femoris has the lowest muscle force and activation with minimal variation. A comprehensive analysis indicated that the overall fatigue of the lower limbs showed a continuous increase, with the fatigue being greater for lower limbs than upper limbs. Subsequently, surface electromyography experiment was conducted to validate the model by testing muscle electrical signal during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The results demonstrated that the relative error between the model and the experimental data was less than 15%, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.966 ( p < 0.05), indicating a strong consistency between the model and the experimental data. Finally, EMG was employed to calculate and analyze the changes in muscle activity during the driving process. The findings from this research can serve as a theoretical foundation and provide data references for the optimization design of monorail crane.
Prediction of coating layer thickness and surface hardness in electric discharge coating process using RSM, ANN, and ANFIS with ANOVA optimization
Authors: Kumaran Vairavan , Muralidharan Balakrishnan
Published: January 2025

Electric discharge coating (EDC) process is one of the unique and notable surface modification processes that enhance the surface properties of substrates. The coating layer thickness and surface hardness developed by the coating process are the predominant reason for substrate protection and performance enhancement. To enhance the coating efficiency and develop the desired output, optimization of input parameters and forecasting of output parameters was required. In this work, Mg alloy substrates are coated with Cu–Ni green compact electrodes by an EDC process. During the EDC process peak current ( I), pulse duration ( Ton), and compaction load for the electrode ( L) are major influencing parameters of coating layer thickness which are considered as input parameters. The coating layer thickness and surface hardness of the coating substrate were estimated by an optical microscope and Vickers hardness tester, respectively, and also considered as a response. The observed data were analyzed and optimized through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface morphology (RSM) which provides a static relationship between the input parameter and response. Additionally, a prediction model was developed with a machine-learning approach. Two different tools namely artificial neural network (ANN) and, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), were employed for accurate prediction of the model. From the ANN and ANFIS analysis regression coefficient (R) values were 0.97991 and 0.9912, respectively. The present study provides machine-learning capabilities and supports optimizing the input parameter to the target output in the EDC process.
Integrating conventional and novel oblique stretching techniques for optimal hamstring flexibility
Authors: Lim Wootaek
Published: January 2025

Background

Movements of the upper and lower back have been proven to affect the flexibility of the lower extremities, such as the hip, knee, and ankle. However, conventional hamstring stretching mainly focuses on elongating tissues located in the lower extremities. The study aimed to examine the effects of integrated stretching applied to the lower extremity and the posterior trunk on hamstring flexibility.

Methods

Before stretching, active straight leg raise (ASLR) and active knee extension (AKE) tests were performed to assess hip and knee flexibility, respectively. One stretching session integrated stretches applied to the lower extremity and the posterior trunk. The ASLR and AKE tests were repeated to measure the increase in flexibility after stretching.

Results

Lower extremity stretching significantly increased hip ( p < 0.001) and knee flexibility ( p < 0.001). Moreover, posterior trunk stretching combined with trunk flexion and rotation also increased hip ( p = 0.016) and knee flexibility ( p = 0.037). After posterior trunk stretching, knee flexibility assessed using AKE in the contralateral leg was higher than that in the ipsilateral leg ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions

If the clinical goal is to maximize hamstring flexibility, it would be beneficial to incorporate conventional stretching applied to the lower extremity and novel posterior trunk stretching applied to the upper and lower back. More importantly, the posterior trunk stretching affects the contralateral lower extremity asymmetrically.
A novel filtering-based recursive identification method for a fractional-order Hammerstein state space system with piecewise nonlinearity
Authors: Lang Hongjun , Bi Yiqun , Li Meihang , Ji Yan
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates parameters and states estimation for a class of fractional-order state space systems with colored noises. To provide accurate parameter estimation, we suggest a novel gradient descent algorithm based on the extended Kalman filtering. The new approach features lower estimation error variances and a faster convergence rate than the conventional gradient descent algorithm. A data filtering is introduced to filter the input and output data, thereby reducing the impact of colored noises on the accuracy of the parameter estimates.
Intra-Articular Injection of Human Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Bong-Woo , Lee Jennifer Jooha , Jung Joon-Yong , Ju Ji Hyeon
Published: January 2025

To assess the impact of a single intra-articular (IA) injection of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. The study included 24 patients with knee OA who were randomly assigned to receive either a single IA injection of BM-MSCs or normal saline. Changes in the visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) after IA injection were assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T2 mapping sequences was conducted for knee cartilage assessment at baseline and at 3 and 12 months. The MSC group showed between-group improvement in WOMAC (–5.0 ± 3.6 vs. –0.1 ± 5.5, P = 0.02) and KOOS (23.9 ± 18.3 vs. 7.2 ± 15.9, P = 0.028) scores at 9 months compared with the control group. The MSC group exhibited a less sharp increase in the mean T2 value of the medial compartment than the control group at 12 months, with no serious adverse events observed during follow-up. A single IA injection of allogeneic BM-MSCs provided satisfactory pain relief for patients with knee OA compared with the control group at 9 months. Quantitative T2 MRI mapping of the cartilage showed that IA BM-MSCs could have a preventive effect on OA progression for 12 months. Our findings suggest the potential of allogeneic BM-MSCs IA injection as a pain-relieving and disease-modifying treatment for patients with knee OA in the outpatient setting.
Long-term colorectal cancer incidence in a post-endoscopic screening cohort, accounting for surveillance, by baseline polyp group, anatomic subsite, and sex
Authors: Robbins Emma C , Wooldrage Kate , Saunders Brian P , Cross Amanda J
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Colonoscopy surveillance is often performed in post-polypectomy cohorts, likely altering colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes, but this is often not addressed in CRC incidence analyses. We examined CRC incidence post-endoscopic screening, accounting for surveillance.

Methods

We examined UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial participants who had no, low-risk, or high-risk (≥10 mm, ≥3 adenomas, adenomas with villous features/high-grade dysplasia) distal polyps at screening. Participants with high-risk polyps had an index colonoscopy and 81% had ≥1 surveillance colonoscopies post-screening; <1% of those with no/low-risk polyps had an index or surveillance colonoscopy. We examined CRC incidence over 21 years by anatomic subsite and sex. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) compared incidence to general population incidence.

Results

Of 39,417 participants, 29,792 (76%), 8162 (21%), and 1463 (4%) had no, low-risk, and high-risk polyps, respectively. In the high-risk group, all-site CRC incidence was non-significantly different from that in the general population, when including all participants, just those who attended surveillance, or just those who did not attend surveillance (SIRs: 0.81 [95% confidence interval: 0.60–1.07]; 0.75 [0.54–1.03]; 1.12 [0.56–2.01], respectively). Without surveillance, compared to the general population, distal cancer incidence was lower among women and men without polyps (SIRs: 0.30 [0.24–0.37]; 0.24 [0.20–0.29], respectively) and women and men with low-risk polyps (SIRs: 0.52 [0.34–0.76]; 0.27 [0.19–0.37], respectively); proximal cancer incidence was lower among men without polyps (SIR: 0.75 [0.64–0.88]), non-significantly different among women without polyps (SIR: 1.07 [0.93–1.22]) and men with low-risk polyps (SIR: 1.22 [0.98–1.51]), but higher among women with low-risk polyps (SIR: 2.22 [1.77–2.76]).

Conclusions

Women with low-risk distal polyps at flexible sigmoidoscopy screening had double the risk of proximal colon cancer, compared to the general population.
Role of Political and Civil Society in Kalinga Nagar Resistance Movement in Odisha, India
Authors: Sahoo Dinabandhu , Kumar Dhiraj
Published: January 2025

The presence of neoliberal developmentalism is insidious and ubiquitous, and it has naturalized displacement. Odisha, a resource-rich state, has also experienced developmental discontent in the form of displacement, everyday tyranny, resistance, and dispossession. Displacement causes widespread multiple discontent among the local affected people, and it is being resisted in local place-based struggles in Odisha. These kinds of local place-based struggles give birth to many political societies, where they play multiple roles in the struggle. Besides, the resistance has sought the support and solidarity of civil society. The article is based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in the Kalinga Nagar Industrial Complex in Odisha, followed by interviews and group discussions with affected and displaced people, civil and political society members, government and industry officials, and other members involved in the movement. Secondary sources of data were collected from newspaper reports, government documents, movement letters, leaflets, pamphlets, booklets, leaders’ affidavits, police FIRs, and personal diaries of leaders. Drawing from Partha Chatterjee’s concepts of political society and civil society, the article locates the roles of political and civil societies in the resistance movement. The article discusses the emergence of political clientelism as an essential element in political society, which also delimited the space of civil society in the resistance movement.
Targeting the Neuro-vascular Presynaptic Signalling in STROKE: Evidence and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Maikap Shimantika , Lucaciu Alexandra , Chakraborty Aheli , Kestner Roxane Isabelle , Vutukuri Rajkumar , Annamneedi Anil
Published: January 2025

Background

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term adult disability worldwide. Stroke causes neurodegeneration and impairs synaptic function. Understanding the role of synaptic proteins and associated signalling pathways in stroke pathology could offer insights into therapeutic approaches as well as improving rehabilitation-related treatment regimes.

Purpose

The current study aims to analyse synaptic transcriptome changes in acute and long-term post-stroke (1 day, 7 day timepoints), especially focusing on pre- and postsynaptic genes.

Methods

We performed data mining of the recent mRNA sequence from isolated mouse brain micro-vessels (MBMVs) after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) stroke model. Using the SynGO (Synaptic Gene Ontologies and annotations) bioinformatics platform we assessed synaptic protein expression and associated pathways, and compared synaptic protein changes at 1 day and 7 day post-stroke.

Results

Enrichment analysis of the MBMVs identified significant alterations in the expression of genes related to synaptic physiology, synaptic transmission, neuronal structure, and organisation. We identified that the synaptic changes observed at the 7 day timepoint were initiated by the regulation of specific presynaptic candidates 1 day (24h) post-stroke, highlighting the significance of presynaptic regulation in mediating organising of synaptic structures and physiology. Analysis of transcriptomic data from human postmortem stroke brains confirmed similar presynaptic signalling patterns.

Conclusion

Our findings identify the changes in presynaptic gene regulation in micro-vessels following ischaemic stroke. Targeting presynaptic active zone protein signalling could represent a promising therapeutic target in mitigating ischaemic stroke.
Ameliorative Effect of Biochanin A against Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Chen Xinjun , Wu Zhuo
Published: January 2025

Background

Gentamicin (GM), a commonly used aminoglycoside anti-biotic, is effective against various bacterial infections. However, its clinical use is often limited due to its significant nephrotoxic side effects. Nephrotoxicity results from oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis of renal cells. In previous research, Biochanin A (BCA), a natural isoflavone found in various plants, has demonstrated anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. This study explores the potential protective effects of BCA against GM-induced nephrotoxicity.

Purpose

To investigate the protective effects of BCA on GM-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats by assessing kidney function, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory response, and apoptotic regulation.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, each group containing six animals: Group 1 as the control, Group 2 received BCA alone [50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (IP)], Group 3 received GM alone (100 mg/kg, IP), and Group 4 received BCA (50 mg/kg, IP) along with GM (100 mg/kg, IP). At the end of the experiment day (on the 12th day), the animals were sacrificed, the organs were removed, and used for the following parameters.

Results

GM administration significantly increased the levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and lipid peroxidation levels and decreased the levels of anti-oxidant enzymes. Administration with BCA has significantly mitigated kidney function markers and oxidative stress while enhancing anti-oxidant activities. Furthermore, GM-induced rats exhibited significant upregulation in proinflammatory cytokines, proapoptotic proteins, and downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Administration of BCA significantly downregulated proinflammatory cytokines and proapoptotic proteins and upregulated anti-apoptotic proteins in GM-induced rats. These results underscore the utility of necrotic and apoptotic markers in the early detection of tubular kidney damage.

Conclusion

This study conclusively demonstrates that BCA protects the kidneys from GM-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis of renal tubular cells, offering promise for mitigating GM-induced nephrotoxicity.
Mixed histiocytic sarcoma in a Bernese Mountain Dog
Authors: Hickey Jillian , Harris R. Adam , Meola Stacy D. , Jennings Samuel , Moore Peter F. , Vernau William , Harding Kayla , Thamm Douglas H. , Schlein Lisa J.
Published: January 2025

An 8-y-old, spayed female Bernese Mountain Dog was presented to a referral center for evaluation of right thoracic limb lameness and previously suspected Evans syndrome that had been poorly responsive to immunosuppressive therapy. Based on review of examination findings and laboratory data, Evans syndrome was deemed unlikely and hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma (HHS) was strongly suspected. On blood smear evaluation, atypical, histiocytic cells were noted, some of which exhibited siderophagia. Considering that circulating cells are not typically observed in dogs with HHS, additional diagnostic investigation was performed. Autopsy and histopathology revealed that the dog had a mixed form of HS (dendritic-cell origin HS in the lung, and HHS in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow), and immunocytochemical characterization of cultured cells derived from blood suggested that the cells were of dendritic HS origin, rather than HHS origin, as originally suspected. Whole-exome sequencing revealed genetic similarity between cell lines derived from lung tissue and blood, providing additional evidence of the relatedness of these 2 cell populations. Our case highlights the rare entity of mixed HS and typifies the inherent challenges in classifying rare, atypical, circulating neoplastic cells.
Enhancing Meaningful Parent Engagement: Exploring Roles and Perceptions of Parent Representatives on State Interagency Coordinating Councils
Authors: Stryker Molly E. , Fettig Angel , Alexander Jonathan , Hardy Abby , Burke Meghan M.
Published: January 2025

State Interagency Coordinating Councils (SICCs) play vital roles in decision-making for Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). While parent representatives are required to serve on SICCs, it is unclear how parents participate in the SICC. It is important to understand parent experiences on the SICC given the family-centered nature of early intervention. This study utilized qualitative inquiry to detail the motivations, goals, and expectations of 15 parent participants who served on their state’s SICC and examine the link between their initial expectations and their actual roles. Barriers and facilitators to parent engagement are also presented. Findings reveal diverse motivations and expectations. Most parent representatives reported feeling valued, but some perceived their contributions as obligatory. Active solicitation of parent perspectives and leveraging their unique skills enhanced their sense of impact. The study highlights the importance of actively eliciting and valuing parent perspectives within SICCs and intentionally engaging diverse members of each state to strengthen their impact on early intervention policy and promote positive systems change within the Part C system.
Timed motor function test using video-based observation and online-based observation methods among typically developing children: A reliability and validity study
Authors: Kumar Amit , Samuel Asir John
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study evaluated intra-rater (IR), test-retest reliability (TR), and concurrent validity of 10-m walk test (10mWT), a timed motor function test (TMFT) using video- (VBO) and online-based (OBO) observation with direct observation (DO).

Methods

Seventy five (n = 75) middle school going typically developing children performed repeated sessions of 10mWT to determine validity and reliability of VBO and OBO with DO. IR and TR reliability were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The correlation between sessions of VBO, OBO methods, and DO method were evaluated to estimate the concurrent validity.

Results

Good IR and TR reliability of VBO and OBO methods were observed (IR: ICC = 0.90 [VBO], 0.78 [OBO]; TR: 0.84 [VBO], 0.85 [OBO]). Correlations between VBO (rs = 0.86; p<0.001) and OBO (rs = 0.85; p<0.001) methods with DO method demonstrated good concurrent validity.

Conclusions

VBO and OBO methods can be used in clinical settings where DO method is not feasible.
Tackling Grand Challenges: Insights and Contributions From Practice Theories
Authors: Danner-Schröder Anja , Mahringer Christian , Sele Kathrin , Jarzabkowski Paula , Rouleau Linda , Feldman Martha , Pentland Brian , Huysman Marleen , Sergeeva Anastasia V , Gherardi Silvia , Sutcliffe Kathleen M , Gehman Joel
Published: January 2025

This curated debate discusses the value of practice theories in studying, understanding and tackling grand challenges. Practice theories assume that social phenomena are constituted through everyday doings and sayings. Building on this premise, the different contributions in this curated debate go beyond the assumption that grand challenges are abstract phenomena. The authors argue that grand challenges are enacted through mundane, situated actions that are often hidden in plain sight. Building on their research, they suggest that understanding grand challenges requires scholars to approach phenomena as nondualistic. Accordingly, they reveal that situated actions are not self-contained but related across space and time, requiring scholars to adopt a relational perspective. The debate concludes with a call for action as we embrace our dual role as scholars and citizens.
College Experiential Program Through the Eyes of Students with Disabilities
Authors: Tiwari Ashwini
Published: January 2025

This phenomenological study examines students with disabilities’ perceptions of success and belonging in a college experiential program at a 4-year state university in the Southern United States. Data were gathered through one-on-one interviews with ten students and focus groups with five. Analysis revealed that students appreciated the university's cultural sensitivity and disability services but felt isolated due to the program's emphasis on job training in separate classrooms. The study suggests that college-level programs for students with disabilities should offer more campus-wide engagement to improve their sense of belonging and success.
The Impact of Pathway of Care on Treatment Outcomes in Adolescent Partial Hospitalization Programs
Authors: Marcus Marissa D. , May Emily M. , Beaudoin Gabrielle B. , Frazier Elisabeth A. , Hedrick Molly A.
Published: January 2025

This naturalistic study evaluated the treatment effectiveness of a New England adolescent partial hospital program (PHP) for individuals referred from higher versus lower levels of care (LOC). Participants were adolescents ages 12 to 18 admitted to the in-person ( n = 161) and virtual ( n = 78) day programming. Chart review determined the referral source, and the Youth Outcomes Questionnaire (YOQ) assessed interpersonal relations (IR), intrapersonal distress (ID), suicidal ideation (SI), and self-injurious behavior (SIB) at the time of admission and discharge. Independent samples t-tests demonstrated the similarity of symptom severity at the time of admission for both higher and lower LOC, except for higher reports of SIB for higher LOC referrals to the virtual program. Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed improvement in all outcome measures and no significant difference in treatment effects or length of stay between higher versus lower LOC referrals. Study findings demonstrate the promise of PHPs to function effectively as both a step-up and step-down in the mental health continuum of care, reflect appropriate utilization of referrals to this LOC, and support the promise of telehealth as an alternative to in-person therapies.
A Meta-Analysis Synthesizing the Effects of Three Uncertainty Types in Science Communication
Authors: Guo Zhuo , Liu Ke , Chen Meng
Published: January 2025

This meta-analysis synthesized 43 empirical articles to summarize the impact of communicating three distinct uncertainty types (i.e., epistemic uncertainty, consensus uncertainty, and technical uncertainty) in science communication. The results revealed divergent effects across these three uncertainty types. Specifically, communicating epistemic uncertainty was found to have a small yet positive effect on credibility perception ( d = 0.09), with a nonsignificant impact on attitudes. Conversely, communicating consensus uncertainty ( d = −0.12) and technical uncertainty ( d = −0.15) demonstrated a slight negative effect on attitudes, without impacting credibility perception. In addition, topic domain, cultural uncertainty avoidance, and text length were important moderators.
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with cancer using zoledronic acid and denosumab: Single-center retrospective study
Authors: Sano Motohiko , Amano Mai , Yamada Miki , Iijima Yosuke , Hino Shunsuke , Sakagami Hiroshi , Horie Norio , Kaneko Takahiro
Published: January 2025

Background

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but potentially severe condition that significantly affects the quality of life of patients with cancer. This study evaluated MRONJ in patients with cancer treated with zoledronic acid (ZOA) and denosumab (Dmab).

Methods

The survey investigated patients who were diagnosed with MRONJ at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery after receiving either ZOA or Dmab at the Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, between April 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023.

Results

Of 252 patients, 27 were ZOA users and 225 were Dmab users. MRONJ was not observed with ZOA. MRONJ was detected in 11 (4.9%) Dmab users, eight male and three female patients with a mean (± standard deviation) age of 74.6 (± 9.2) years (range 61–98 years). The total dose of Dmab was 2724 ± 1838 mg (range: 480–6360 mg). The time from Dmab administration to MRONJ onset was 28.0 ± 16.0 months (range 4.5–53.2 months). Of the 11 patients with MRONJ, four (36.4%) had visited a dentist within the last 12 months. One participant (9.1%) was informed about and understood MRONJ.

Conclusions

MRONJ was only observed in Dmab users, with an incidence rate of 4.9%. The percentage of patients with MRONJ receiving regular dental check-ups was 36.4%, and only 9.1% of patients were aware of MRONJ, both of which are low rates. To reduce MRONJ in patients with cancer, face-to-face consultations with pharmacists could serve as a valuable opportunity to inform patients about MRONJ and encourage regular dental visits.
A Review of Sex and Gender Factors in Stimulant Treatment for ADHD: Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions
Authors: Rapoport Iris L. , Groenman Annabeth P.
Published: January 2025

Objective:

Stimulant medications are the primary pharmacological intervention for ADHD, yet our understanding of how sex and gender impact stimulant treatment outcomes remains limited. Clinical guidelines do not differ for female and male individuals despite possible sex and gender-related differences in effectiveness, adverse events, and pharmacokinetics. This theoretical framework identifies five key knowledge gaps relating to sex and gender effects in stimulant treatment.

Method:

We investigate the stimulant treatment trajectories of girls and women with ADHD from diagnosis and prescription to daily use and outcomes. We examine the impact of reproductive life transitions and hormonal fluctuations and their interactions with gender socialization and gendered expectations on treatment effectiveness, stigma, and adherence.

Results:

By synthesizing existing literature, proposing testable predictions, and suggesting future research directions, we highlight the urgent need for studies that systematically investigate these factors.

Conclusion:

Addressing these gaps could significantly improve treatment outcomes for girls and women with ADHD, particularly during biological and gender role transitions.
Evaluation of serum galectin-3 concentrations in healthy cats and in cats with ureteral obstruction
Authors: Woerde Dennis J , Palm Carrie A , Reagan Krystle L , Culp William TN
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Serum galectin-3 (sGal-3) is a protein present in renal tubules and increases in experimental rodent models of acute kidney injury. The aim of this study was to compare sGal-3 concentrations in healthy cats and cats with ureteral obstruction (UO).

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Banked serum was used for sGal-3 evaluations in 15 healthy control cats and 22 cats with UO. For the control cats, creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine were within reference intervals and ultrasound showed minimal to no kidney changes. A feline-specific sGal-3 ELISA was used to determine sGal-3 concentrations. Samples were analyzed in duplicate, and results were included if the coefficient of variation between samples was <20%. Shapiro–Wilk testing was used to evaluate for normality and parametric statistics were performed. P <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Mean (±SD) sGal-3 was lower in healthy cats (274.3 ± 146.5 pg/ml) than in cats with UO (707.7 ± 223.3 pg/ml; P <0.0001). There was no difference in sGal-3 concentrations between cats with unilateral or bilateral UO ( P = 0.24) and no correlation between sGal-3 and creatinine, body weight or age. With a cutoff of 500 pg/ml, sGal-3 had a sensitivity of 86% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.95) and specificity of 100% (95% CI 0.79–1.00) for differentiating cats with UO from healthy cats.

Conclusions and relevance

An early diagnosis of UO is critical, given its associated morbidity and mortality. Given the differences in sGal-3 concentrations in healthy cats and those with UO in this study, sGal-3 shows potential for an early UO diagnosis; however, further research is needed.
Two Theoretical Models of Subcultural Anger—Synthesizing Subcultural Theory with the Sociology of Emotions and Exploring Anger in Hip Hop
Authors: Jensen Sune Qvotrup , Thomsen Emil Damsgaard
Published: January 2025

This article synthesizes subcultural theory with elements from the sociology of emotions. Two theoretical models are developed. In the first, young people form subcultures on the basis of feelings of injustice. Subcultures give expressive form to authentic anger and express resistance. In the second, young people use subcultures to explore non-normative feelings, but this does not mean that they are actually angry, nor is the formation of subcultures based on shared structural position. The analytical value of the models is illustrated through a dialogue with a virtual ethnographic material (debates, interviews, music videos, documentaries, pictures, album covers etc.) focusing on hip hop. It is argued that the two models are not mutually exclusive but can strengthen our analytical sensitivity when it comes to understanding youth subcultures that might be resistant, but at the same time resist being fixed into the position of ‘angry youth’.
One-year results of double site versus single site rigid probe viscotrabeculotomy in primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: El Hefney Eman M , Atallah Eman A , Kishk Hanem , Elwehidy Ahmed S , Abd Elfattah Dina
Published: January 2025

Study purpose

to compare single- site viscotrabeculotomy in one eye and double-site rigid probe viscotrabeculotomy in the other eye of the same patient with Primary congenital glaucoma to evaluate the effect of the extent of angle treatment on success rate in the study's locality.

Patients and Methods

This prospective randomized study included 70 eyes of 35 children diagnosed with bilateral PCG who attended Mansoura Ophthalmic Center from June 2021 to July 2023. For each patient, one eye underwent single-site rigid probe viscotrabeculotomy (Group S: 35 eyes) and the fellow eye underwent double- site rigid probe viscotrabeculotomy (Group D: 35 eyes). At one-year follow up, complete success was defined as IOP >5 mmHg and ≤16 mmHg without any further IOP-lowering medications and qualified success when IOP ≤16 mmHg with using IOP-lowering medications. Failure was defined as IOP more than 16 mmHg despite the use of IOP-lowering medications, the need for other glaucoma surgery to control IOP or hypotony.

Results

Single-site rigid probe viscotrabeculotomy showed a one-year complete success rate of 88.57% and for double-site viscotrabeculotomy was 91.43% but the difference was not statistically significant (p-value 0.9). There were no major complications in both groups, hyphema was the most common complication and was self-limited

Conclusion

Single-site viscotrabeculotomy shows comparable results to double-site viscotrabeculotomy in PCG preserving more than half of the angle in the former for a second possible angle surgery in recurrent cases.
Information needs in vascular access decision-making: A qualitative study of patient and clinical stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Stevenson Karen , Meiklem Ramsay , Bouamrane Matt-Mouley , Thomson Peter , Dunlop Mark , Martin Laura , Jones Catrin , Kingsmore David
Published: January 2025

Background:

The information and decision support needs required to embed a patient-centred strategy are challenging, as several haemodialysis vascular access strategies are possible with significant differences in short- and long-term outcomes of potential treatment options. We aimed to explore and describe stakeholder perspectives on information needs when making decisions about vascular access (VA) for haemodialysis.

Methods:

We performed thematic analysis of seven (six online, one in person) focus group discussions including transcripts, post-it phrases and text responses with 14 patients and 12 vascular access professionals (four nephrologists, three surgeons and five nurses – Vascular access nurse specialists/Education and dialysis nurses) who participated in at total of six online and one in person focus group.

Results:

All patients had experience of haemodialysis and 50% had experience with at least one other modality of RRT. Ten patients had experience of more than one VA modality and 4/14 had experience of AVG, 13/14 had experience of AVF and 8/14 had experience of TCVC. We identified four semantic themes and two latent themes. The themes and their subthemes reflected information needs of patients when making vascular access decisions: Knowledge, Risks and Benefits of Relevant options, long-term treatment strategy and Personal Impact of VA. The latent themes, identified across all stakeholders, were of the need for consistent and trustworthy information.

Discussion:

All recent vascular access guidelines propose a shared decision-making approach to vascular access. The ability to implement this in practice carries an information need for both patients and clinicians. This study describes a framework model which can be applied during co-design and assessment of vascular access educational resources to facilitate a patient centred perspective.
Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery in Childhood Prior to 1992: A Danish Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rosendahl Amalie , Uth Louise Margrethe Kiær , Weis Nina , Smerup Morten , Ellesøe Sabrina Gade
Published: January 2025

Background and aim:

Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery prior to 1992 in Denmark were at risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection through donor blood used in extracorporeal circulation. HCV screening became possible in donors in 1991, eliminating the risk of iatrogenic infections. No formalized screening has been conducted for patients receiving non-screened blood, potentially leaving some with undetected HCV infection.

Objectives:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic HCV infection in this group of patients and offer treatment to those affected.

Design:

Nationwide cross-sectional study.

Methods:

Between 2020 and 2023, 1645 individuals who underwent pediatric heart surgery before 1992 in Denmark were identified. Participants were invited for HCV screening using anti-HCV-antibody and HCV-RNA tests. Patients testing positive for HCV were referred to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment.

Results:

Of 1645 patients identified, 571 consented to participate, and 246 completed HCV screening. Two individuals tested positive for chronic HCV infection, resulting in a prevalence of 0.8%. Both patients were asymptomatic for many years before treatment and successfully cleared the virus after DAA treatment.

Conclusions:

The 0.8% prevalence of HCV in this cohort is higher than in the general Danish population although lower than in similar studies from the U.S. and Germany. This may reflect Denmark’s practice of unpaid blood donation, reducing infection risks. Targeted screening for at-risk cohorts exposed to transfusions before 1992 could aid in HCV detection and treatment, potentially preventing long-term liver complications.

Registration:

The study was approved by the Capital Region Ethics Board in Denmark (j.nr. H-18062088).
Algorithmic management learning
Authors: Butler Nick , Spoelstra Sverre
Published: January 2025

In this short paper, we reflect on ‘algorithmic management learning’ – a phenomenon that dates back to the early twentieth century but has gained fresh impetus in the dawning age of artificial intelligence. In particular, we suggest that management learning has today become a human-machine hybrid. This form of management learning is not only increasingly non-reflexive, it is also impeding the human capacity to be reflexive and to learn reflexively. We conclude by outlining the consequences of algorithmic management learning for the future of this journal.
Empathy and self-awareness (rasa rumangsa) in the Javanese cultural context
Authors: Peristianto Sheilla V , Subandi M.A. , Utami Muhana S
Published: January 2025

Indonesia, as well as every country in the world, has its unique cultural values. As a value familiar to most Indonesian people (Javanese), rasa rumangsa helps individuals produce behavior that supports society’s harmony, peace, and welfare. It is essential to develop rasa rumangsa due to its relevance to the psychological concept of mental health. The current qualitative research used a case study involving 153 participants. Methods for collecting data were a literature review, semi-structured interviews with several Javanese cultural scholars, Javanese psychology experts, and community members supported by focus group discussion (FGD) with community members, and an open-ended questionnaire for Javanese people, which was constructed gradually from previous findings. Responses to this questionnaire were analyzed using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The main finding of this research explained the definition, dimension, aspects, and process of rasa rumangsa. This research found rasa rumangsa to be a potential concept to be used as a variable in future research. The bisa rumangsa behavior proved to help prevent individuals from continuous concern and frustration.