bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Scale Variability of Coronal Loops Set by Thermal Non-Equilibrium and Instability as a Probe for Coronal Heating
Authors: Antolin Patrick , Froment Clara
Published: March 2022

Solar coronal loops are the building blocks of the solar corona. These dynamic structures are shaped by the magnetic field that expands into the solar atmosphere. They can be observed in X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV), revealing the high plasma temperature of the corona. However, the dissipation of magnetic energy to heat the plasma to millions of degrees and, more generally, the mechanisms setting the mass and energy circulation in the solar atmosphere are still a matter of debate. Furthermore, multi-dimensional modelling indicates that the very concept of a coronal loop as an individual entity and its identification in EUV images is ill-defined due to the expected stochasticity of the solar atmosphere with continuous magnetic connectivity changes combined with the optically thin nature of the solar corona. In this context, the recent discovery of ubiquitous long-period EUV pulsations, the observed coronal rain properties and their common link in between represent not only major observational constraints for coronal heating theories but also major theoretical puzzles. The mechanisms of thermal non-equilibrium (TNE) and thermal instability (TI) appear in concert to explain these multi-scale phenomena as evaporation-condensation cycles. Recent numerical efforts clearly illustrate the specific but large parameter space involved in the heating and cooling aspects, and the geometry of the loop affecting the onset and properties of such cycles. In this review we will present and discuss this new approach into inferring coronal heating properties and understanding the mass and energy cycle based on the multi-scale intensity variability and cooling properties set by the TNE-TI scenario. We further discuss the major numerical challenges posed by the existence of TNE cycles and coronal rain, and similar phenomena at much larger scales in the Universe.
The Effect of Rifle Carriage on the Physiological and Accelerometer Responses During Biathlon Skiing
Authors: Staunton Craig A. , Sloof Luciën , Brandts Maxime , Jonsson Kårström Malin , Laaksonen Marko S. , Björklund Glenn
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Investigate the effect of biathlon rifle carriage on physiological and accelerometer-derived responses during biathlon skiing.

Methods

Twenty-eight biathletes (11F, 17M) completed two XC skiing time-trials (~2,300 m), once with and once without the biathlon rifle, with concurrent measurements of HR, skiing speed and accelerations recorded from three triaxial accelerometers attached at the Upper-spine, Lower-spine and Pelvis. Exercise intensity was quantified from HR, skiing speed as well from accelerometry-derived PlayerLoad™ per minute (PL·min−1) and average net force (AvFNet). All metrics were analyzed during Uphill, Flat and Downhill sections of the course. Relationships between accelerometry-derived metrics and skiing speed were examined.

Results

Time-trials were faster for males compared with females (mean difference: 97 ± 73 s) and No-Rifle compared to With-Rifle (mean difference: 16 ± 9 s). HR was greatest during Downhill (183 ± 5 bpm), followed by Uphill (181 ± 5 bpm) and was lowest in the Flat sections (177 ± 6 bpm, p <0.05). For PL·min−1 and AvFNet there were 3-way Rifle x Gradient x Sensor-Position interactions. Typically, these metrics were greatest during Uphill and Flat sections and were lowest during Downhill sections. Rifle carriage had no impact on the AvFNet at the Lower-Spine or Pelvis. Significant positive linear relationships were identified between skiing speed and accelerometer-derived metrics during Uphill, Flat and Downhill skiing (r = 0.12–0.61, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The accelerometry-derived approach used in this study provides the potential of a novel method of monitoring the external demands during skiing. In particular, AvFNet with sensors located close to the center of mass displayed greatest utility because it followed the expected response of external intensity where responses were greatest during uphill sections, followed by flats and lowest during downhills. In addition, there were significant positive relationships between AvFNet and skiing speed ranging from small to large. Accelerometry-derived measures could provide useful estimates of the external demands in XC skiing and biathlon.
Minimally Invasive Isolated Tricuspid Valve Repair After Left-Sided Valve Surgery: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Dai Xiaoyi , Teng Peng , Miao Sihan , Zheng Junnan , Si Wei , Zheng Qi , Qin Ke , Ma Liang
Published: March 2022

Background

Tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery was associated with terrible outcomes and high perioperative mortality for surgical treatment. In current years, minimally invasive isolated tricuspid valve repair is increasingly performed in our institution to address tricuspid regurgitation.

Methods

Thirty-seven consecutive patients with previous left-sided valve surgery underwent minimally invasive isolated tricuspid valve repair in our institution between November 2017 and December 2020. Twenty-nine patients(78.4%) were women and the mean age of patients was 58.4 ± 8.5 years. Follow-up was 100% complete with a mean follow-up time of 17.2 ± 9.5 months.

Results

Both the in-hospital and 30-day mortalities were 2.7%. The overall NYHA class had improved significantly during the follow-up (p < 0.001). The grade of TR had decreased before discharge (p < 0.001) and during the follow-up (p < 0.001) compared with the preoperative level although severe TR was recurrent in one patient.

Conclusions

Minimally invasive isolated tricuspid valve repair has acceptable early and midterm outcomes, may be the preferred surgical option to address tricuspid regurgitation after previous left-sided valve surgery when it is feasible.
Case Report: Reconstruction of Medialis Malleolus (1/4 of the Ankle Joint) After Resection of Distal Tibia Tumor With an Uncemented Three-Dimensional-Printed Prosthesis
Authors: Wang Shang , Luo Yi , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Yitian , Zheng Chuanxi , Tu Chongqi , Zhou Yong
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Few patients presented with a distal tibial tumor that only invaded a small area of bone in the medial malleolus. There have been no previous cases in which only the medial or lateral malleolus was removed and reconstruction was complete. This article describes our attempt to reconstruct the medial malleolus (1/4 of the ankle joint) after resection of a distal tibial tumor with an uncemented three-dimensional (3D)-printed prosthesis.

Case Description

A 39-year-old man presented with a lump in the right medial malleolus, and biopsy results suggested fibrosarcoma. To preserve the patient's normal bone and function, we only removed the medial malleolus and reconstructed the ankle joint using a personalized 3D-printed prosthesis. The patient had no complications other than necrosis of the skin flap that covered the wound. The patient recovered well after undergoing an additional skin flap transfer. Follow-up at 7 months and again at 3 years after surgery showed good ankle function and stability, with no pain or complications.

Conclusion

The 3D-printed partial ankle prosthesis had a good matching degree, strength, and osseointegration ability, but also had a few complications. The patient achieved satisfactory ankle function and stability. However, a longer follow-up period is needed, and more research is required to confirm the efficacy of the prosthesis.
Correlation Between Hypothyroidism During Pregnancy and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Pregnant Women and Its Influence on Pregnancy Outcome and Fetal Growth and Development
Authors: Xu Da , Zhong Haolin
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

To observe the correlation between hypothyroidism during pregnancy and glucose and lipid metabolism in pregnant women and its influence on a pregnancy outcome and fetal growth and development.

Methods

About 152 patients with hypothyroidism during pregnancy in our hospital from June 2017 to June 2020 were selected as the observation group and divided into the overt hypothyroidism (OH) group, the subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) group, and the low T4 group. Another 60 pregnant women with normal antenatal examination and normal thyroid function were selected as the normal group. The glucose and lipid metabolism indexes of each group were compared. The pregnant women in the OH group and the SCH group were given levothyroxine intervention, and the pregnancy outcome and infant development of the two groups were compared.

Results

The fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein of the OH group and the SCH group were higher than the low T4 group and the normal group, and the OH group was higher than the SCH group (p < 0.05). The incidence of premature delivery and premature rupture of membranes at term (PROM at term) in the hypothyroidism non-control group was higher than the hypothyroidism control group (p < 0.05). The mental development index and the psychomotor development index in the hypothyroidism non-control group were lower than the hypothyroidism control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Pregnant women with hypothyroidism during pregnancy are more prone to glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, which increases the risk of premature delivery and PROM at term, and has certain influence on the intellectual development and psychomotor development of infants.
The Minimally Invasive Star-Shaped Incision Technique and the Linear Incision Technique With Tissue Preservation for Percutaneous Bone Conduction Devices: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Strijbos Ruben M. , Salameh Samer , Bezdjian Aren , Daniel Sam J. , Thomeer Hans GXM.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To compare intra- and postoperative outcomes between the standard linear incision technique with tissue preservation (LITT-P) and the minimally invasive star-shaped incision (SSI).

Study Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Primary outcomes evaluated operative time, implant survival, and intra-operative complications. A secondary outcome evaluated soft tissue tolerability assessed by the Holger's classification.

Results

A total of 38 implants were placed (19 LITT-P; 19 SSI). The median and mean surgical duration for the LITT-P group was statistically shorter than the SSI group (p = 0.0001). No intra-operative complications were reported for both surgical approaches. Five implants were lost during postoperative follow-up: one in the LITT-P and four in the SSI cohort. Both cohorts showed favorable soft tissue tolerability. Less Holgers 1 and 2 and more Holgers 3 soft tissue reactions were observed after the LITT-P compared to the SSI.

Conclusion

The novel SSI approach could be an alternative option based on the theoretical benefits and found favorable (and similar) soft tissue outcomes. Implant loss and surgical time are aspects to investigate regarding long-term durability and warrant further research.
RNA-Seq Reveals miRNA and mRNA Co-regulate Muscle Differentiation in Fetal Leizhou Goats
Authors: Ye Junning , Zhao Xiuhui , Xue Huiwen , Zou Xian , Liu Guangbin , Deng Ming , Sun Baoli , Guo Yongqing , Liu Dewu , Li Yaokun
Published: March 2022

Muscle differentiation is an essential link in animal growth and development, and microRNA and mRNA are indispensable in skeletal muscle differentiation. To improve the meat quality and production of the Leizhou goat, it is vital to understand the molecular mechanism by which its skeletal muscle differentiates. By RNA sequencing (RNA-SEQ), we established miRNA-mRNA profiles of Leizhou goats at three stages: fetal day 70, 90, and 120. There were 991 differently expressed mRNAs and 39 differentially expressed miRNAs found, with the differentially expressed mRNAs mainly enriched in calcium ion binding, ECM-receptor interaction, and Focal adhesion. CKM and MYH3, two muscle differentiation markers, were significantly differentially expressed during this period. In addition, we found that chi-miR-129-5p, chi-miR-433, and chi-miR-24-3p co-regulate muscle differentiation with their target genes. Finally, we can confirm that muscle differentiation occurred in Leizhou goat between 90 and 120 days of the fetus. This study is helpful to better explore the molecular mechanism of goat muscle differentiation.
Canine Vaginal Cytology: A Revised Definition of Exfoliated Vaginal Cells
Authors: Reckers Felix , Klopfleisch Robert , Belik Vitaly , Arlt Sebastian
Published: March 2022

Vaginal cytology is an important examination method in the context of gynecological disorders and cycle staging in the bitch. While collection and preparation of samples are easy, the evaluation appears to be challenging. Inconsistent definitions of cell attributes such as size, cornification and the appearance of the nucleus have been published. The aim of the project was to develop a tutorial for vaginal cell determination. To get a deeper insight into the use of cytology in practice, an online survey was distributed to veterinarians interested in small animal reproduction. Participants were asked to define eight cells and answer questions. The agreement of the 16 participants, working in eight different countries, determining the cells was poor (κ = 0.412). Eleven respondents stated that vaginal cytology has a low reliability. Nevertheless, 13 participants use this tool regularly. The tutorial was developed as a flowchart based on the survey results, scientific literature and own measurements. It guides the user systematically through the evaluation of specific cell characteristics. An evaluation of the results of five raters with difference experience levels led to a high agreement (κ = 0.858). Vaginal cytology is a useful diagnostic tool, but it seems helpful to standardize the determination of cell types.
Identification of Potential Molecular Mechanism Related to Infertile Endometriosis
Authors: Li Xiushen , Guo Li , Zhang Weiwen , He Junli , Ai Lisha , Yu Chengwei , Wang Hao , Liang Weizheng
Published: March 2022

Objectives

In this research, we aim to explore the bioinformatic mechanism of infertile endometriosis in order to identify new treatment targets and molecular mechanism.

Methods

The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to download MRNA sequencing data from infertile endometriosis patients. The “limma” package in R software was used to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to classify genes into modules, further obtained the correlation coefficient between the modules and infertility endometriosis. The intersection genes of the most disease-related modular genes and DEGs are called gene set 1. To clarify the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for infertile endometriosis, we used Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) enrichment, Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) on these intersecting genes. We identified lncRNAs and miRNAs linked with infertility and created competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) regulation networks using the Human MicroRNA Disease Database (HMDD), mirTarBase database, and LncRNA Disease database.

Results

Firstly, WGCNA enrichment analysis was used to examine the infertile endometriosis dataset GSE120103, and we discovered that the Meorangered1 module was the most significantly related with infertile endometriosis. The intersection genes were mostly enriched in the metabolism of different amino acids, the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and the cAMP signaling pathway according to KEGG enrichment analysis. The Meorangered1 module genes and DEGs were then subjected to bioinformatic analysis. The hub genes in the PPI network were performed KEGG enrichment analysis, and the results were consistent with the intersection gene analysis. Finally, we used the database to identify 13 miRNAs and two lncRNAs linked to infertility in order to create the ceRNA regulatory network linked to infertile endometriosis.

Conclusion

In this study, we used a bioinformatics approach for the first time to identify amino acid metabolism as a possible major cause of infertility in patients with endometriosis and to provide potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
Standardization of Coagulation Factor V Reference Intervals, Prothrombin Time, and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time in Mice for Use in Factor V Deficiency Pathological Models
Authors: De Pablo-Moreno Juan A. , Liras Antonio , Revuelta Luis
Published: March 2022

Factor V together with activated factor X forms the prothrombinase complex, which transforms prothrombin into thrombin. TheMus musculusspecies is characterized by very high levels of this factor and short clotting times, which hinders accurate measurements. For that reason, a detailed characterization of such parameters is indispensable. A method was designed as part of this study to provide an accurate determination and standardization of factor V levels, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time inMus musculus. Those parameters were evaluated in a sample of 66 healthy animals using a semi-automated coagulometer and human diagnostic reagents in an attempt to determine the most appropriate time of day for the extractions. A mouse-based protocol was designed, capable of making corrections to the samples at dilutions of 1:100 for factor V and at of 1:3 for prothrombin time. The goal was to smoothen the calibration curves, which often present with steep slopes and narrow measurement ranges between one calibration point and another. It was found that the most stable period for blood sample extraction was that comprised between the first 6 h of light. No clinical differences were observed between the sexes and reference intervals were established for factor V (95.80% ± 18.14; 25.21 s ± 1.34), prothrombin time (104.31% ± 14.52; 16.85 s ± 1.32) and activated partial thromboplastin time (32.86 s ± 3.01). The results obtained are applicable to human or veterinary biomedical research, to transfusional medicine or to pathological models for diseases such as factor V deficiency.
Screening for Viral Nucleic Acids in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Dogs With Central Nervous System Inflammation
Authors: Barber Renee M. , Li Qiang , Levine Jonathan M. , Ruone Susan J. , Levine Gwendolyn J. , Kenny Patrick , Tong Suxiang , Schatzberg Scott J.
Published: March 2022

Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation is a common cause of neurological dysfunction in dogs. Most dogs with CNS inflammation are diagnosed with presumptive autoimmune disease. A smaller number are diagnosed with an infectious etiology. Additionally, at necropsy, a subset of dogs with CNS inflammation do not fit previously described patterns of autoimmune disease and an infectious cause is not readily identifiable. Because viral infection is a common cause of meningoencephalitis in people, we hypothesize that a subset of dogs presented with CNS inflammation have an occult viral infection either as a direct cause of CNS inflammation or a trigger for autoimmunity. The goal of this research was to screen cerebrospinal fluid from a large number dogs with CNS inflammation for occult viral infection. One hundred seventy-two dogs with neurological dysfunction and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis were identified. Of these, 42 had meningoencephalitis of unknown origin, six had steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis, one had eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, five had documented infection, 21 had and undetermined diagnosis, and 97 had a diagnosis not consistent with primary inflammatory disease of the CNS (e.g., neoplasia). CSF samples were subsequently screened with broadly reactive PCR for eight viral groups: adenovirus, bunyavirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, flavivirus, herpesvirus, paramyxovirus, and parechovirus. No viral nucleic acids were detected from 168 cases screened for eight viral groups, which does not support occult viral infection as a cause of CNS inflammation in dogs. La Crosse virus (LACV) nucleic acids were detected from four cases in Georgia. Subclinical infection was supported in two of these cases but LACV could not be ruled-out as a cause of infection in the other two cases, suggesting further research is warranted to determine if LACV is an occult cause of CNS inflammation in dogs.
Topical issues of improving financial culture in Hungary
Authors: Kovács Levente , Nagy Ernő
Published: March 2022

The topicality of this study is supported by changes in the environment because of the new type of Corona virus pandemic and this years’s programme of the PanEuropean Money Week. The programme series Money Week has become public in Hungary since PÉNZ7 was launched in 2015 as it has reached most schools and students. The exceptional success of the banking sector over the past seven years as a result of the collaboration of government agencies and NGOs has proved that a successful development and education of financial culture is possible on a community basis at European level. The new environment necessitates an upgrade of financial education, new focus points must be identified including learning about the technological background of finance as key in supporting the effectiveness of the financial digitisation process.
A global view on financial education
Authors: Terták Elemér
Published: March 2022

Financial education has increasingly gained momentum globally over the past two decades as the means of financial inclusion, i.e., to strengthen access to financial services, to increase equal opportunities, and to improve consumers’ wellbeing and the stability of financial systems. Financial education was first perceived by big politics in the 1990s, while it has been receiving wide political support since the 2007-2008 global fiscal crisis. First, the study gives an overview of the history of financial education describing the main steps of its development. Then, it reviews its different forms, its effective implementation and the interactions of education and regulations. It presents the major debates related to financial education, such as the relationship of education and advisory activity, or education and regulations as well as the impact of financial education on personal autonomy
The influence of air temperature on incidence of the Russian Federation population during the second wave of the pandemic COVID-19
Authors:   Autonomous Institution of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra, Krivosheev Vladimir Vasil'evich , Stolyarov Artem Igorevich ,   Autonomous Institution of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra, 19, Promyshlennaya Street, Khanty-Mansiysk, Nikitina Lidiya Ur'evna ,   Clinical and Diagnostic Center «MEDSI naBelorusskoj», Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2022

The pandemic COVID-19 continues to take dozens of human lives and destabilize the economy on the planet. In this regard study of the patterns of external conditions influence on incidence dynamics will stay relevant for a long time. The existing views about the influence of atmospheric air temperature are controversial, owing to disparities in geological and climatic conditions for its formation. The data about incidence among population in 22 regions of the Russian Federation during the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic have been collected. There are conducted statistical research on the nature and degree of influence of air temperature on incidence of Russian population due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical research of dynamics of ambient air temperature influence on human incidence depending on the latitude were conducted. At low negative temperatures (< –9.84 °C), an increase in air temperature leads, in most cases, to an increase in theincidence of COVID-19. At ambient air temperatures in the range from –9.84 to +25…+ 30° C, an increase in air temperature is most often accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19, which is associated with a decrease in the infectious activity of SARS-CoV-2. The authors consider it necessary to conduct laboratory studies of the effect of negative temperatures on the survival and infectious activity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Russia, which will make it possible to predict the most dangerous infectious periods and determine methods to reduce the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research results lead to a better understanding of physical meaning of air temperature influence on COVID-19 incidence and give an opportunity to predict the periods of the most dangerous infection conditions.
On the question of legal provision of dispenserization of adolescents, including in current conditions of increased infectious risks of COVID-19
Authors:   FSBSI N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Mingazova Elmira Nurislamovna , Zagoruychenko Anna Anatolievna ,   FSBSI N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Petrova Irina Anatolievna ,   FSBSI N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health
Published: March 2022

The article presents the results of the analysis of regulatory legal documents that ensure the organization and conduct of prophylactic medical examination of adolescent children in the Russian Federation in modern conditions of increased infectious risks of COVID-19. As a result of the analysis undertaken, a variety of forms, legal force of documents, dynamics and practical justification of their adoption were identified, as well as tasks were identified: by submitting an array of regulatory legal documents regulating the conduct of medical examination of adolescents into a single internally agreed system that excludes duplication of norms, powers and responsibilities; on the normative consolidation of clearly and in detail defined rights, duties and responsibilities of all subjects of relations arising in the course of organizing and conducting medical examination of adolescents, primarily authorized representatives of medical and educational organizations, adolescent children themselves and their legal representatives; on regulatory support and methodological support for the implementation of the requirements of the updated standard for equipping a specialized unit for organizing medical care for minors in educational institutions. The conclusion is made about the progressive development of the regulatory framework for medical examination, about the absence of legal conflicts between documents of different legal force, about their complementarity to each other. The guidelines voiced by the President of the Federal Assembly (April 2021) to expand measures within the framework of clinical examination of the population and to pay special attention to the health of children are a logical justification for improving the regulatory and legal support in protecting the health of children and adolescents.
Assessment of the cooling effect of the body and frostbite of open areas of the body in the Arctic condition
Authors:   FSBEI HE Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rakhmanov Rofail Salykhovich , Narutdinov Denis Alekseevich ,   Medical service,  Krasnoyarsk, Bogomolova Elena Sergeevna ,   FSBEI HE Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Razgulin \Sergey Aleksandrovich ,   FSBEI HE Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Evdokimov Alexander Vladimirovich ,   FSBEI HE Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: March 2022

In conditions of arctic cold, individual protection means do not always provide sufficient efficiency when performing a number of works. The risk of body cooling (according to the index of cold wind — ICH) and frostbite of open areas of the body (according to the integral indicator of body cooling (IPCOO) and the equivalent temperature (EquT) was determined. EquT was calculated by Sayple and an improved formula. Evaluation was carried out according to meteorological data obtained at Cape Chelyuskin and Dikson Island. On Chelyuskin, according to IHV, year-round warming of the body is required. According to the average monthly indicators, the risk of cooling the body in winter clothes in April-May and October-November. In December-March, the HI values significantly exceed the critical values. Warming of the body on Dikson 10 months a year, risk zone — 8 months: cooling — autumn and March, April, critical cooling — winter months. According to EquT, the duration of the frostbite period for 1 min is longer — 5–6 months at temperatures from –27.0 ± 0.4 0 С to –45.4 ± 0.9 / –38.8 ± 0.5 0 С. On Dikson, the duration of the period of critical risk is 3 months, moderate — 7 months. According to EqT, there is a high risk of frostbite for 4–6 months at temperatures from –29.8 ± 0.3 0 С to –42.3 ± 0.7 / –34.3 ± 0.4 0 С. Taking into account the wind speed, which affects the thermal insulation properties of clothing, it should be assumed that, according to the average wind data, a high health hazard persists for 5–6 months on Chelyuskin, and 4–6 months on Dikson. insignificant danger persists all year round. The duration of the high hazard period is probably longer when assessing the effect of maximum wind and minimum temperature.
Determinantes de la participación económica de la mujer en México: un enfoque de calificación laboral
Authors: Torres García Aldo Josafat , Ochoa Adame Gloria Lizeth , Pedroza Villegas Diana Olivia
Published: March 2022

El presente documento tiene como objetivo indagar en los factores que inciden en la participación laboral reciente de la mujer en México y medir qué grupo de habilidad contribuye en mayor medida a la desigualdad. Como primera estrategia metodológica se analizan variables premercado y, a través de un modelo econométrico de elección discreta, se estima la probabilidad de participación femenina en el mercado laboral. En la segunda parte del análisis se realiza una descomposición del índice de Gini con un enfoque de juegos cooperativos, en el que se clasifica al grupo de mujeres trabajadoras por tipo de calificación (alta, media y baja). Para tal efecto, se utiliza información de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE) de los años 2019 y 2021. Los resultados muestran que la jefatura del hogar y la escolaridad son dos de los factores más importantes que determinan la participación laboral femenina y que el grupo que aporta en mayor medida a la desigualdad es el de calificación media. La principal limitación del documento es que el análisis se realiza únicamente para dos años. Por su parte la originalidad de la investigación se atribuye al análisis de variables premercado. Se concluye que es indispensable que la política pública se oriente hacia una mayor incorporación de la población femenina a la fuerza productiva, así como a la escolarización de nivel superior, sin el descuido de actividades familiares para quienes así lo requieran.
President’s Message for the inaugural edition of the ISAK Journal
Authors: Mike Marfell-Jones
Published: March 2022

It is with both pleasure and pride that ISAK announces the first edition of the International Journal of Kinanthropometry which will showcase research in the area of Anthropometry and its applications. Other than in this first issue, where contributions have been by invitation and evaluated for acceptability by the editorial team, the journal will only publish refereed scientific papers plus research reviews and case studies.

You will see that we have an interesting selection of papers for you to read and I thank all contributors for both their research and their willingness to share it with us.

The journal marks yet another significant milestone in ISAK’s development and will stand or fall on both the quantity and quality of papers submitted. Although we anticipate that the majority of papers submitted will come from ISAK members, it is not a requirement that submitters and/or co-authors be members of ISAK.

Our sincere gratitude for this production goes to the Journal’s Editor-in-Chief, Dr Anup Adhikari and the publication team led by Dr Babu Balraj from IOR Press.
Generación de recursos audiovisuales para la realización de medidas antropométricas en sujetos diagnosticados con obesidad
Authors: Marta García-Poblet , María Dolores Cabañas-Armesilla , Isabel Sospedra , Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal , Esparza-Ros Francisco , Martínez-Sanz José Miguel
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: La valoración antropométrica es muy utilizada en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de las personas con obesidad, aunque la toma de algunas mediciones antropométricas presenta dificultades por el propio morfotipo de la persona y la inexistencia de normas estandarizadas. El objetivo del presente documento fue generar recursos audiovisuales sobre como realizar mediciones corporales en sujetos con obesidad para complementar el conocimiento de los profesionales de la salud sobre los índices de salud y mediciones corporales más adecuados para aplicar a sujetos con obesidad. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo sobre la generación de material audiovisual basado en mediciones posibles y relevantes para el estudio antropométrico en sujetos con obesidad. Se tomaron fotografías y grabaciones en vídeo de dichas mediciones aplicadas en un voluntario de cada sexo con obesidad. Resultados: El material audiovisual consta de nueve medidas antropométricas entre las que se encuentran cuatro pliegues cutáneos (tríceps, subescapular, submandibular y cresta iliaca), 4 perímetros (brazo relajado, cintura, umbilical y cadera) y un diámetro (antero-posterior del abdomen). Conclusión: Existe controversia acerca del protocolo de medición del perímetro de cintura, abdominal y diámetro sagital del abdomen, en personas con obesidad ya que los puntos anatómicos de referencia varían de unos estudios a otros, creando confusión. Por tanto, el material audiovisual creado es novedoso, útil para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las mediciones antropométricas y usable tanto en el ámbito académico como en la práctica clínica diaria.
Suplementación Con Glutamina Sobre La Masa Corporal, Talla, IMC, CMB Y PCT, En Pacientes Con Parálisis Cerebral, En Beneficiarios De “Hogares De La Caridad A.C”
Authors: Cabrera González José Luis
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto que tiene la suplementación con Glutamina en el peso, talla, circunferencia media de brazo, pliegue cutáneo tricipital en personas con Parálisis Cerebral. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles donde se analiza el efecto de la suplementación de Glutamina en la composición corporal en una muestra de 20 beneficiarios de “Hogares de la Caridad A.C.” con diagnóstico de Parálisis Cerebral, utilizando las tablas de desarrollo de la OMS para dicho diagnóstico. Resultados: Se observa que la suplementación con glutamina causó cambios significativos en la Circunferencia Media de Brazo con una disminución basal promedio de -1,2 en el grupo sin glutamina y aumento de 0.13 en el grupo con glutamina en los pacientes menores de 17 años. En el grupo de mayor de 18 años se mostró una disminución similar de -1.12 en los sin glutamina versus 3.30 en los con glutamina (p<0.24). Conclusión: Se encontró mejoría en la Circunferencia Media de Brazo en los pacientes con glutamina a dosis de 2.5 g/día por tres meses vía oral, en comparación a los pacientes que no fueron suplementados. El resto de variables como peso, talla, IMC y PCT no mostraron cambios.
Somatotype and Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors Among Government Employees In Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Kamarudin Khairil Shazmin , Yi Lee Yi , Wan Muda Wan Abdul Manan
Published: March 2022

Aim: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the body somatotype and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among government employees from Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Methods: In this research, 308 government employees were recruited as respondents. Body somatotype was determined using the Heath and Carter (1990) method. The risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were determined by measuring fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol level, HDL cholesterol level and triglycerides level. Results: Majority of the respondents were categorized as endomorphy (84.7%), followed by mesomorphy (11.7%) and ectomorphy (3.6%). Means of fasting blood cholesterol level, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol among respondents were 5.57 mmol/L, 1.55 mmol/L, 1.25 mmol/L and 3.63 mmol/L, respectively. The fasting blood glucose of respondents was in the normal range (5.02 mmol/L), while cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol were on borderline high. Mean HDL level of respondents were below desirable level. Conclusion: We found that there were significant correlation between ectomorphy components with blood cholesterol, LDL, HDL and blood glucose level; mesomorphy with LDL cholesterol level; and endomorphy with HDL and blood glucose level among respondents (p<0.05). As a conclusion, this study has provided useful insights towards the relationship between somatotype components and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.
The Main Aspects of Pharmaceutical Assistance in the Sale of Anthelmintic Medicines
Authors: Кирилюк А.А.
Published: March 2022

По данным ВОЗ, гельминтозы занимают третье место в структуре инфекционных заболеваний. Рост заболеваемости обусловлен сбросом сточных вод в поверхностные водные объекты или непосредственно на землю, повышением миграции населения из стран с теплым климатом, увеличение численности домашних животных. В последнее время получена информация о развивающейся у гельминтов устойчивости к лекарственным средствам. В первой части статьи приводится понятие и классификация гельминтов, систематизирована информация о клинической картине наиболее часто встречающихся гельминтозов. Вторая часть посвящена 17 противогельминтным лекарственным средствам, зарегистрированным в Республике Беларусь. Приводится актуальная и систематизированная информация о показаниях и противопоказаниях по применению, побочных реакциях и лекарственных взаимодействиях с позиции причинно-следственных связей, опирающихся на фармакодинамические и фармакокинетические особенности лекарственных средств. Приведен алгоритм оказания фармацевтическим работником грамотной фармацевтической помощи (в т. ч. фармацевтического консультирования) посетителю, обратившемуся в аптеку с вопросом о приобретении противогельминтных средств.

Аccording to WHO, helminthiases rank the third place in the structure of infectious diseases. In addition, the increasing of the incidence is due to the discharge of wastewater into other water bodies or onto the ground, an increasing the population migration from countries with a warm climate, and an increasing the number of domestic animals. The increase of morbidity of helminthiasis is associated with the discharge of wastewater into other water objects or onto the ground, the migration of people from countries with a warm climate, and the large number of domestic animals. Recently the reports about helminths with drug resistance are received. In the first part, the concept and classification of helminths is given, and clinical information on the most common helminthiases is systematized. The second part of the article is devoted to 17 anthelmintic medicines that are registered in the Republic of Belarus. Actual and systematic information about medical uses and contraindications, adverse reactions and drug interactions were systematizedaccording to pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic of medicines, and cause-effect relationships. An algorithm of pharmaceutical consulting has been developed to help pharmacists give advices to a visitor with helminthiasis.
The Role of Vitamin D in High Cardiovascular Risk Hypertension
Authors: Гончар К.В. , Якубова Л.В.
Published: March 2022

Представлен обзор литературных данных по влиянию витамина D на состояние пациентов с артериальной гипертензией, сочетающейся с ожирением и дислипидемией. Описаны потенциальные механизмы, благодаря которым витамин D может влиять на сосудистую стенку, функцию эндотелия, уровень холестерина и липопротеинов низкой плотности, толерантность к глюкозе, уровень инсулина и чувствительность к нему, количество рецепторов к инсулину, участвовать в процессах воспаления. Представлены результаты исследований, описывающих эффекты приема препаратов витамина D при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях, сахарном диабете. Описано влияние витамина D на подавление кальцификации сосудов, ингибирование пролиферации гладкомышечных клеток сосудов, регуляцию уровня провоспалительных цитокинов и ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы. Выполненный нами анализ литературных данных свидетельствует о необходимости продолжения исследований с оценкой эффективности коррекции сниженного уровня витамина D в крови у пациентов с АГ, протекающей в сочетании с ожирением, дислипидемией.

A review of literature data on the effect of vitamin D on the condition of patients with arterial hypertension combined with obesity and dyslipidemia is presented. The potential mechanisms by which vitamin D can affect the vascular wall, endothelial function, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels, glucose tolerance, insulin levels and sensitivity to it, the number of insulin receptors, and can participate in inflammatory processes, are described. The results of studies describing the effects of taking vitamin D drugs in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus are presented. The effect of vitamin D on the suppression of vascular calcification, inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and regulation of the level of proinflammatory cytokines and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is described. Our analysis of the literature data indicates the need to continue research to assess the effectiveness of correction of reduced levels of vitamin D in the blood of patients with hypertension, occurring in combination with obesity, dyslipidemia.
Clinical Management of Endogenous Hypercortisolism during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Радюк Д.В. , Данилова Л.И. , Журавлев В.А. , Романовский А.А. , Лущик М.Л.
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматривается тактика ведения эндогенного гиперкортизолизма в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Указаны риски для пациентов во время высокой заболеваемости COVID-19 и методы их коррекции. Отдельное внимание уделено мерам, применяемым для снижения риска инфицирования пациентов с гиперкортизолизмом, их близких и медицинского персонала. Представлен алгоритм обследования пациентов и аспекты дифференциальной диагностики различных вариантов гиперкортизолизма. Подробно разобраны диагностические тесты и сформированы подходы к их корректной интерпретации. Проведен разбор методов диагностики с учетом высокой распространенности COVID-19. Суммированы критерии для пациентов, которые нуждаются в срочном обследовании и лечении. Дан анализ существующим методам лечения. Перечислены показания и основные подходы к хирургическому лечению различных вариантов гиперкортизолизма. Отдельное внимание уделено роли медикаментозной терапии в лечении гиперкортизолизма. Представлены схемы терапии, даны рекомендации по контролю в ходе лечения и дальнейшему наблюдению.

The article deals with clinical managing of endogenous hypercortisolism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Special attention is paid to the medical therapy in the treatment of hypercortisolism.The risks for patients during the high incidence of COVID-19 and methods of their correction are specified. Special attention is paid to the measures used for risk reduction of infection of patients with hypercortisolism, their relatives and medical personnel. The algorithm of examination of patients and aspects of differential diagnostics of various variants of hypercortisolism are presented. Diagnostic tests are analyzed in detail and approaches to their correct interpretation are formed. The analysis of diagnostic methods is carried out taking into account the high prevalence of COVID-19. The criteria for patients who need urgent examination and treatment are summarized. The analysis of existing treatment methods is given. Indications and main approaches to surgical treatment of various variants of hypercortisolism are listed. Special attention is paid to the role of medical therapyin the treatment of hypercortisolism. Treatment regimens are presented, recommendations are given for monitoring during treatment and further monitoring.
Modern Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Most Common Forms of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Шепелькевич А.П. , Лузан А.М. , Градуша А.В.
Published: March 2022

Врожденная дисфункция коры надпочечников (ВДКН) – это группа аутосомно-рецессивных моногенно наследуемых заболеваний, в основе развития которых лежит мутация в гене белка, участвующего в синтезе гормонов коры надпочечников. На сегодняшний день выделяют 7 форм ВДКН в зависимости от мутации гена. 95% случаев ВДКН представлены мутацией в гене CYP21A2, который кодирует фермент 21-гидроксилазу. В статье представлен обзор актуальной литературы по клиническим проявлениям, диагностике, скринингу и лечению дефицита 21-гидроксилазы. Для клинической картины дефицита 21-гидроксилазы характерны сольтеряющие кризы и формирование гениталий бисексуального типа у новорожденных, преждевременное половое созревание и раннее закрытие эпифизарных зон роста костей у детей, гиперандрогения и нарушения фертильности у взрослых. В зависимости от преобладающих симптомов и сроков их проявления выделяют классическую форму (вирилизирующую, сольтеряющую) и неклассическую (позднюю) клиническую форму дефицита 21-гидроксилазы. С целью своевременной диагностики заболевания обосновано проведение скрининга новорожденных. Базовыми аспектами лечения является заместительная гормональная терапия с коррекцией нарушений электролитного баланса, а также поддержание репродуктивного здоровья пациентов.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive and monogenic hereditary disorders which are based on a mutation in the gene of the protein involved in adrenal steroidogenic pathways. To date, 7 forms of CAH have been isolated depending on the gene mutation. 95% cases of CAH represent a mutation in the CYP21A2 gene, which encodes the 21-hydroxylase. The article provides review of the actual literature related to the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, newborn screening and treatment of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Clinical symptoms of 21-hydroxylase deficiency include salt-wasting crises and ambiguous genitalia in newborns, precocious puberty and early bone maturation in infants, hyperandrogenism and impaired fertility in adults. Clinically,classic (simple virilizing and salt-wasting) and nonclassic forms of 21-hydroxylase deficiency are recognized. Newborn screening is justified in order to timely diagnosis of the disease. The basic aspects of treatment are hormone replacement therapy with electrolyte imbalance correction and maintaining patients’ reproductive health.