bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time trajectory tracking control of Stewart platform using fractional order fuzzy PID controller optimized by particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Bingul Zafer , Karahan Oguzhan
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to address a fractional order fuzzy PID (FOFPID) control approach for solving the problem of enhancing high precision tracking performance and robustness against to different reference trajectories of a 6-DOF Stewart Platform (SP) in joint space.

Design/methodology/approach

For the optimal design of the proposed control approach, tuning of the controller parameters including membership functions and input-output scaling factors along with the fractional order rate of error and fractional order integral of control signal is tuned with off-line by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. For achieving this off-line optimization in the simulation environment, very accurate dynamic model of SP which has more complicated dynamical characteristics is required. Therefore, the coupling dynamic model of multi-rigid-body system is developed by Lagrange-Euler approach. For completeness, the mathematical model of the actuators is established and integrated with the dynamic model of SP mechanical system to state electromechanical coupling dynamic model. To study the validness of the proposed FOFPID controller, using this accurate dynamic model of the SP, other published control approaches such as the PID control, FOPID control and fuzzy PID control are also optimized with PSO in simulation environment. To compare trajectory tracking performance and effectiveness of the tuned controllers, the real time validation trajectory tracking experiments are conducted using the experimental setup of the SP by applying the optimum parameters of the controllers. The credibility of the results obtained with the controllers tuned in simulation environment is examined using statistical analysis.

Findings

The experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed optimal FOFPID controller can improve the control performance and reduce reference trajectory tracking errors of the SP. Also, the proposed PSO optimized FOFPID control strategy outperforms other control schemes in terms of the different difficulty levels of the given trajectories.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, such a motion controller incorporating the fractional order approach to the fuzzy is first time applied in trajectory tracking control of SP.
Personality in information systems professions: identifying archetypal professions with suitable traits and candidates' ability to fake-good these traits
Authors: Tomat Luka , Trkman Peter , Manfreda Anton
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The importance of information systems (IS) professions is increasing. As personality–job fit theory claims, employees must have suitable personality traits for particular IS professions. However, candidates can try to fake-good on personality tests towards the desired personality type. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify archetypal IS professions, their associated personality types and examine the reliability of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality test in IS recruitment decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors reviewed academic literature related to IS professions to identify job archetypes and personality traits for IS professions. Then, the authors conducted an experiment with 452 participants to investigate whether candidates can fake-good on personality tests when being tested for a particular IS profession.

Findings

The identified job archetypes were IS project manager, IS marketing specialist, IS consultant, IS security specialist, data scientist and business process analyst. The experimental results show that the participants were not able to fake-good considerably regarding their personality traits for a particular archetype.

Research limitations/implications

The taxonomy of IS professions should be validated further. The experiment was executed in an educational organisation and not in a real-life environment. Actual work performance was not measured.

Practical implications

This study enables a better identification of suitable candidates for a particular IS profession. Personality tests are good indicators of the candidate's true personality type but must be properly interpreted.

Originality/value

This study enhances the existing body of knowledge on IS professions' archetypes, proposes suitable MBTI personality types for each profession and provides experimental support for the appropriateness of using personality tests to identify potentially suitable candidates.
The organizational ecological resource framework of sustainability reporting: implications for corporate social reporting (CSR)
Authors: Sisaye Seleshi
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to provide an integrated approach of organizational ecology, population ecology and selection mechanisms within the context of the resource-based view of the firm, evolutionary economics (EC) and transaction cost economics (TCE). It applies this framework to examine the interrelationships between corporate social reporting (CSR) and global reporting initiative.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology for this paper is library-based archival research. It is qualitative and analytically descriptive of prior academic research and published literature on the subject.

Findings

CSR has the potential to provide functional credence to corporate social and environmental activities by legitimizing institutionalized corporate norms and behavior.

Originality/value

Accounting scholars have recognized the need for an integrated approach in the social sciences to examine the multifaceted aspects of sustainability development and accounting. This research highlights that sustainability is related to ecosystems, environments, natural resources, demography, population, culture, political systems and history.
Creativity, spirituality and society: a study in preservation of Ikenga and Ọfọ sculptures in contemporary Igbo society
Authors: Isiani Mathias Chukwudi , Obi-Ani Ngozika Anthonia , Akabuike Chikelue Chris , Onyemechalu Stanley Jachike , Okafor Sochima P. , Dimelu Sopuluchukwu Amarachukwu
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The overall aim of this research is to interpret Ikenga and Ofo creativity as it is revered in Igbo societies. Igbo creativity, especially interpreted through material culture, suffers the threat of extinction resulting from the forces of modernity. Forces of modernisation, which appear in the personae of Christianity, education, urbanisation and industrialisation, denigrated indigenous creativity, brandishing them as devious, fetish and primitive. Ironically, in most cases, the drivers of such narratives keep these “fetish” items in their museums and will give a lot to preserve them.

Design/methodology/approach

This study centred mostly on several communities in the Nsukka area of Igboland, Nigeria. It relied on both primary and secondary sources of historical enquiry. This qualitative research discussed the nuances of the subject matter as it relates to Igbo cosmos. These approaches involved visiting the study area and conducting personal interviews.

Findings

Archaeologists do often rely on material culture to study, periodise and date past human societies. In this study, it is found that material culture, an expression of indigenous creativity, best interprets how society survived or related with their environment. This paper examined two Igbo sculpted artefacts – Ikenga and Ofo – while unearthing the intricacies in Igbo cosmology as regards creativity, spirituality and society.

Originality/value

The shapes, motifs, patterns and designs depict an imaginary history, the intellectualism of the past and even the present. This serves as an objective alternative to the twisted colonial narrative on Igbo material culture and consequently contribute to ongoing efforts to preserve, protect and promote cultural heritage resources in this part of the world.
Making time/breaking time: critical literacy and politics of time in data visualisation
Authors: Johansson Veronica , Stenlund Jörgen
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Representations of time are commonly used to construct narratives in visualisations of data. However, since time is a value-laden concept, and no representation can provide a full, objective account of “temporal reality”, they are also biased and political: reproducing and reinforcing certain views and values at the expense of alternative ones. This conceptual paper aims to explore expressions of temporal bias and politics in data visualisation, along with possibly mitigating user approaches and design strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents a theoretical framework rooted in a sociotechnical view of representations as biased and political, combined with perspectives from critical literacy, radical literacy and critical design. The framework provides a basis for discussion of various types and effects of temporal bias in visualisation. Empirical examples from previous research and public resources illustrate the arguments.

Findings

Four types of political effects of temporal bias in visualisations are presented, expressed as limitation of view, disregard of variation, oppression of social groups and misrepresentation of topic and suggest that appropriate critical and radical literacy approaches require users and designers to critique, contextualise, counter and cross beyond expressions of the same. Supporting critical design strategies involve the inclusion of multiple datasets and representations; broad access to flexible tools; and inclusive participation of marginalised groups.

Originality/value

The paper draws attention to a vital, yet little researched problem of temporal representation in visualisations of data. It offers a pioneering bridging of critical literacy, radical literacy and critical design and emphasises mutual rather than contradictory interests of the empirical sciences and humanities.
Democratic governing ideals and the power of intervening spaces as prerequisite for student learning
Authors: Johansson Olof , Ärlestig Helene
Published: October 2021

Purpose

In the rational model of the democratic governing chain, intervening spaces at all levels are neglected in relation to the policy process. An intervening space is a group of persons with the power and responsibility to interpret policy at their level in an organization. The research question is as follows: How are democratic policy ideas visible in the intervening spaces of a governing chain in public schools?

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on two municipalities representing the 25 most populated cities in Sweden. The data are based on interviews with 66 informants with leadership roles on the district level and two schools in each municipality.

Findings

Leadership is obviously more than making decisions. It is also about facilitating and creating trust, engagement, motivation and willingness to take responsibility. In this process, intervening spaces are central. They exist at all levels from the national ministry to the classroom. The empirical examples show the importance and challenges in how different leadership roles, relationships and interaction transform policy intentions to practice on the local level.

Originality/value

The authors contribute by highlighting the parallel interpretation processes that take place at various leadership levels locally. There are possibilities and challenges in aligning the intervening spaces into a rational governing chain. The findings indicate that intervening spaces and policy drift is vital to support, control and use professional competence in the process to transfer political ideas to classroom practice.
Exploring customers’ attitudes to the adoption of robots in tourism and hospitality
Authors: Abou-Shouk Mohamed , Gad Hesham Ezzat , Abdelhakim Ayman
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study aims to explore the factors affecting customers’ attitudes to the adoption of robots in hotels and travel agencies.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modelling was used to test the extended technology acceptance model based on data collected from 570 customers of hotels and travel agencies.

Findings

The findings revealed that hotel customers have more positive attitudes to service robots than their peers in travel agencies.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the literature on robots in tourism and responds to the call to investigate customers’ attitudes to the adoption of robots in developing countries.
Online joint professional development: a novel approach to multicultural education
Authors: Shapira Noa , Amzalag Meital
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The current research presents findings from an innovative online Teachers Professional Development (TPD) program entitled – The Israeli Society is Meeting Online. This study aims to examine to what extent does online contact promote meaningful acquaintance among teachers from different cultures in Israeli society, and how did the online TPD program influence the way teachers perceive their roles in the Israeli education system.

Design/methodology/approach

This study implemented a qualitative phenomenological approach to learn about the teachers’ experiences (through the TPD program.

Findings

The findings indicate that teachers who live and study in a diverse and divided society can improve intergroup relations using online contact with teachers from other groups. This contact may lead to a significant acquaintance, which, in turn, prepares teachers as agents of change in the field of multicultural education.

Originality/value

Israeli society is diverse and divided and these divisions are reflected in the educational system, which is characterized by high degrees of prejudice, stereotyping and racism between groups. The findings highlight the educative potential of online contact in a diverse society and the importance of improving intergroup relations between teachers from different cultures prior to their attempts to promote multicultural education.
Cultivating compassion through compassion circles: learning from experience in mental health care in the NHS
Authors: Clark Michael , Bradley Andy , Simms Laura , Waites Benna , Scott Alister , Jones Charlie , Dodd Paul , Howell Tom , Tinsley Giles
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the importance of compassion in health care and experiences of Compassion Circles (CCs) in supporting it, placing this into the national policy context of the National Health Service (NHS), whilst focusing on lessons from using the practice in mental health care.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper is a discussion of the context of compassion in health care and a description of model and related concepts of CCs. This paper also discusses lessons from implementation of CCs in mental health care.

Findings

CCs were developed from an initial broad concern with the place of compassion and well-being in communities and organisations, particularly in health and social care after a number of scandals about failures of care. Through experience CCs have been refined into a flexible model of supporting staff in mental health care settings. Experience to date suggests they are a valuable method of increasing compassion for self and others, improving relationships between team members and raising issues of organisational support to enable compassionate practice.

Research limitations/implications

This paper is a discussion of CCs and their conceptual underpinnings and of insights and lessons from their adoption to date, and more robust evaluation is required.

Practical implications

As an emergent area of practice CCs have been seen to present a powerful and practical approach to supporting individual members of staff and teams. Organisations and individuals might wish to join the community of practice that exists around CCs to consider the potential of this intervention in their workplaces and add to the growing body of learning about it. It is worth further investigation to examine the impact of CCs on current concerns with maintaining staff well-being and engagement, and, hence, on stress, absence and the sustainability of work environments over time.

Social implications

CCs present a promising means of developing a culture and practice of more compassion in mental health care and other care contexts.

Originality/value

CCs have become supported in national NHS guidance and more support to adopt, evaluate and learn from this model is warranted. This paper is a contribution to developing a better understanding of the CCs model, implementation lessons and early insights into impact.
Composite actors as participant protection: methodological opportunities for ethnographers
Authors: Yim Jennifer MJ , Schwartz-Shea Peregrine
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to persuade ethnographers to consider using composites for studies in which protecting participants from identification is especially important. It situates the argument in the context of the transparency and data sharing movements' uneven influence across disciplines.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews problems in maintaining confidentiality of research participants using pseudonyms and masking. It analyzes existing literature on composites, conditions of composite use and identifies composite actors as a form useful to place-based ethnography. Methodological aspects of composite actor construction are discussed along with potential opportunities composites offer.

Findings

Construction of composite actors is best accomplished by aggregating thematically during deskwork. Composites provide enhanced confidentiality by creating plausible doubt in the reader's mind, in part, through the presentation of aggregate rather than individual-level data.

Originality/value

This discussion advances the methodology of constructing composites, particularly composite actors, providing guidance to increase trustworthiness of ethnographic narratives that employ composites.
Effective framework to tackle urban unemployment by e-government: an IoT solution for smart/metro cities in developing nation
Authors: Alam Mahfooz , Siddiqui Mohd Ibrahim
Published: October 2021

Purpose

With the advancement in technology, the day-to-day life of people has gone through an immense transformation. The use of smart devices for day-to-day life is greater than before, and people are moving towards smart work rather than doing hard work. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed named Online Service Provider in Metro City (OSPMC) for IoT. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical framework for the E-Government in order to sustain or minimize the unemployment rate.

Design/methodology/approach

The utilization of the Web in the upcoming years would create further opportunities for smart work. Internet of Things (IoT) plays an essential part in a system of multiple networks that aims to connect all things in the world that are capable of being connected through the internet. OSPMC framework can be developed on ASP.NET through (visual C#) 3.0 and Microsoft SQL Server with frontend and backend languages, respectively, under a web-based environment built on .Net platform. This lucrative facility is available mainly for the people living in the smart city.

Findings

Rural people are coming to smart cities in search of jobs, better education and a healthy lifestyle. India is also coping up with the modern world. The Government of India has taken an initiative for the making of 100 smart cities where the residents are relied upon to use Information and Communication Technology with the assistance of web.

Social implications

OSPMC promises to eliminate multiple evils like social injustice, crime, unemployment, tax fraud and would promote women empowerment. Also, provide opportunities to start-ups in order to grow and enhance their skill work.

Originality/value

The objective of OSPMC can be found useful for opening new job opportunities for urban/rural people while also encouraging people to learn skill work. For smart cities’ success in developing nations, it is important to recognize the elements influencing it. The motivation behind OSPMC is to identify those variables influencing the successful usage of allowing IoT in the smart cities by E-Government of India and to use IoT to help urban smart cities.
Effects of LEGO robotic on freshmen students' computational thinking and programming learning attitudes in Taiwan
Authors: Weng Cathy , Matere Isaac Manyonge , Hsia Chih-Hsien , Wang Mei-Yen , Weng Apollo
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Advancements in technology require that everyone is skilled with computational thinking (CT), problem-solving and computer programming skills. This study aims to examine the development of CT in problem-solving skills (PSS) and programming learning attitude by integrating LEGO robotics kits in a project-based learning course.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines the development of CT in PSS and programming learning attitude by integrating LEGO robotics kits in a project-based learning course. This study consists of a single group pre-post-test research design with 32 freshmen university students. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected by pre-post-tests and recording of classroom discussions, respectively.

Findings

Therefore, this finding implies that robotics can be used to develop CT in university students; however, there is a need for designing curricula with advanced robotic kits as artificial intelligence (AI) has become more prevalent. Hence, programming knowledge learned will help students to understand the application of robots in AI.

Originality/value

The study creates educators' awareness that CT skills might be developed in freshmen university students through robotics. However, many still consider them toys rather than learning aids.
What leaders tell and employees hear – an intention-perception model of storytelling in leadership
Authors: Stark Johannes , Reif Julia A.M. , Schiebler Tom
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Storytelling is considered an effective leadership behavior. However, research on storytelling’s effects on followers is scarce and disconnected from leadership theory. This paper aims to explore the perspectives of both leaders and followers with a focus on interaction-based moderators and affective mediators of storytelling effects, building on transformational leadership and leader-member exchange theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from semi-structured interviews (N = 27 independent leaders and followers) were analyzed with a combined content-analytic and grounded theory approach.

Findings

Leaders’ intended effects of storytelling (transformation, relationship and information) evoked either positive or negative affective reactions in followers depending on how well the story met followers’ needs (need-supply fit), the adequacy of the input load transported by the story (story load) and how followers interpreted their leaders’ story (story appraisal). Followers’ positive or negative affective reactions translated into positive effects (corresponding to leaders’ intended effects) or negative effects (contradicting leaders’ intended effects), respectively. Results were integrated into an intention-perception model of storytelling.

Originality/value

Proposing an intention-perception model of storytelling, this paper explains when and why unintended effects of storytelling happen, and thus provides an alternative view to the one-fits-all approach on leaders’ storytelling advocated by popular management literature.
Conceptualizing international positioning strategies for Indian higher education institutions
Authors: Rana Sudhir , Verma Shubhangi , Haque Moon Moon , Ahmed Gouher
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The manuscript reflects on the future of higher education from an emerging country perspective. The authors specifically answer how new education policies, ranking and accreditation are impacting the current state of Indian higher education institutions (IHEIs) and how IHEIs can cultivate their path towards positioning themselves internationally. This study aims to bring together existing scenarios and to serve as a springboard for future research and applications.

Design/methodology/approach

The manuscript is designed and executed as a conceptual study exploring the current state and prospects for IHEIs. The study synthesizes the concepts of positioning strategies in context to IHEIs. A conceptual diagram integrating existing concepts from marketing, total quality management and business education is created to understand the phenomenon among the IHEIs stakeholders.

Findings

The authors found that IHEIs started showing their international presence yet they are facing various challenges (government bureaucracy; international salary standards; global student population; and cultural sensitivity). The authors also found that the positioning problem is not a one-time attempt; the complexity of higher education is a “wicked problem” and, hence needs to be evaluated, changed and executed continuously. The manuscript offers relevant information to IHEIs leaders and stakeholders to improve on their international positioning strategies and proposes avenues for future research.

Originality/value

The study outlines future development and positioning strategic plans that IHEIs may consider and reflect in their strategic plan. The conceptual diagram on achieving successful international positioning and problem areas is expected to act as a guidebook for the key decision-makers. The focus is on distinguishing the imperatives, creating a key guide for meeting immediate requirements, allotting assets prudently to update their international presence. The study will provide IHEIs with a new lease of life in the future.
Impact of COVID-19 on the use of the academic library
Authors: De Groote Sandra , Scoulas Jung Mi
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study examines differences in library use patterns (in-person visits, online use, reference transactions, library resource and services use) pre-COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 pandemic through multiple data sets.

Design/methodology/approach

Using library statistics collected during 2017/2018 and 2020/2021 and student responses to a biennial library use survey distributed in 2018 and 2021, the potential impact of the pandemic on users' behaviors was explored.

Findings

Library use statistics and the biennial survey responses demonstrate that users' overall library use was impacted by COVID-19. Both the library's gate count and students' frequency of library visits showed a dramatic decrease. The use of virtual support to patrons increased during COVID-19 as reflected by the increase in email and chat reference interactions and virtual consultations.

Practical implications

As students return to the physical classroom, observing library use via various data will help inform how well use of the library rebounded or if there are changes in users' behavior that suggest the need for the promotion of library services or an expansion in alternative services to support users.

Originality/value

This article highlights the importance of continuously obtaining various data sets to observe trends and changes. By observing multiple data points, some changes are aligned across data, whereas other changes or patterns are different. While impact on physical library use may be obvious, library use before and during the pandemic will help guide and inform how academic libraries should be prepared for hybrid environments post-pandemic.
Cytokines profile in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Ribeiro Camilla Rodrigues de Almeida , Beghini Daniela Gois , Lemos Andreza Salvio , Martinelli Katrini Guidolini , de Mello Vinícius da Motta , de Almeida Nathalia Alves Araújo , Lewis‐Ximenez Lia Laura , de Paula Vanessa Salete
Published: October 2021

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the leading causes of acute and chronic hepatitis and represents a serious public health threat. Cytokines are important chemical mediators that regulate the differentiation, proliferation, and function of immune cells, with accumulating evidence indicating that the inadequate immune responses are responsible for the elimination or persistence of HBV. This study aimed to determine the cytokine profiles (IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐17A) during HBV infection and investigate their association with genotypes. A total of 66 plasma samples, 19 from patients with acute and 47 with chronic hepatitis B infection, were subjected to biochemical tests, nested‐PCR, and real‐time PCR, with cytokines evaluated using a commercial BD Cytometric Bead Array Human Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokine Kit. Healthy controls (10 individuals) were selected from blood donors with no history of liver diseases. No correlation was found between genotypes, viral load, and cytokines analyzed. All cytokines showed higher levels of production among infected individuals when compared with the control group. A positive correlation classified as moderate to strong was found between cytokines IFN‐γ, TNF, IL‐10, IL‐6, IL‐4, and IL‐2 through the Spearman correlation coefficient. TNF (P = 0.009), IL‐10 (P < 0.001), and IL‐6 (P < 0.001) levels were higher in acute individuals compared with chronic and control groups. Theses cytokines could be involved in the elimination of virus and protection against chronicity.
Foraging networks and social tolerance in a cooperatively breeding primate (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: De la Fuente María Fernanda , Sueur Cédric , Garber Paul A. , Bicca‐Marques Júlio César , Souto Antonio , Schiel Nicola
Published: October 2021

Within‐group competition over food resources can be a major cost of social living. In the wild, foragers are confronted with social (e.g. hierarchical rank) and ecological (e.g. food availability and distribution) challenges that affect their foraging decisions and feeding success. Exhibiting prosocial behaviours, such as tolerance at feeding sites, can benefit group members by developing affiliative social relationships, enhancing access to resources and maximizing fitness.

We examined social tolerance at feeding sites in Callithrix jacchus, a cooperatively breeding primate species. We investigated the set of social (rank, age and sex) and ecological (food availability) factors that influence the structure and dynamics of within‐group foraging association networks.

We designed and conducted an experimental field study of four wild groups of common marmosets in which we controlled food distribution (concentrated or scattered) and productivity (high, medium or low food rewards). Then, we used social network analyses to assess the number and strength of foraging associations among group members, their effects on individual food consumption, and whether recent experiences with conspecifics during foraging affected subsequent associations.

Overall, common marmoset foraging association networks were cohesive, as group members jointly occupied feeding sites. The number and strength of associations varied depending on the ecological context. Associations were stronger during conditions in which food was concentrated at a single site. Individuals obtained greater access to food resources when sharing a feeding site with conspecifics, but once a food item was obtained, the forager moved to a nearby tree and consumed it away from others. Additionally, the strength of previous foraging associations and subsequent levels of social tolerance at feeding sites were positively related, a relationship compatible with the ability of memorizing associations over time and recalling the information in future decision‐making.

In sum, marmosets adjusted their partner choices and the strength of foraging associations in response to food availability. They exhibited increased social tolerance at feeding sites during conditions in which opportunities for contest competition were expected to be greatest. These cooperative breeding primates appear to mutually benefit by maintaining cohesive and strong affiliative relationships, and by increasing opportunities for coordinated behaviour and offspring survival.
Advances and prospective applications of 3D food printing for health improvement and personalized nutrition
Authors: Escalante‐Aburto Anayansi , Trujillo‐de Santiago Grissel , Álvarez Mario M. , Chuck‐Hernández Cristina
Published: October 2021

Three‐dimensional food printing (3DFP) uses additive manufacturing concepts to fabricate customized designed products with food ingredients in powder, liquid, dough, or paste presentations. In some cases, it uses additives, such as hydrocolloids, starch, enzymes, and antibrowning agents. Chocolate, cheese, sugar, and starch‐based materials are among the most used ingredients for 3DFP, and there is a broad and growing interest in meat‐, fruit‐, vegetable‐, insect‐, and seaweed‐based alternative raw materials. Here, we reviewed the most recent published information related to 3DFP for novel uses, including personalized nutrition and health‐oriented applications, such as the use of 3D‐printed food as a drug vehicle, and four‐dimensional food printing (4DFP). We also reviewed the use of this technology in aesthetic food improvement, which is the most popular use of 3DFP recently. Finally, we provided a prospective and perspective view of this technology. We also reflected on its multidisciplinary character and identified aspects in which social and regulatory affairs must be addressed to fulfill the promises of 3DFP in human health improvement.
Review article: Diagnosing acute pancreatitis in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Morton Adam
Published: October 2021

Acute pancreatitis is a common reason for presentation to EDs. The criteria for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis are defined by the revised Atlanta classification. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of acute pancreatitis. Uncomplicated diabetes mellitus, complications such as ketoacidosis and newer medications used in the treatment of hyperglycaemia may all be associated with elevated serum lipase and amylase in the absence of acute pancreatitis. Checkpoint inhibitors may also precipitate acute type 1 diabetes mellitus and be associated with elevated lipase and amylase. Finally, individuals with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of hypertriglyceridaemic pancreatitis, which may be associated with falsely normal lipase and amylase because of laboratory interference. Awareness of these factors in individuals with diabetes mellitus presenting to EDs with symptoms suggestive of acute pancreatitis is important for accurate diagnosis.
Simultaneous analysis of 20 free amino acids by a single marker combined with an HPLC fingerprint evaluation of Dendrobium huoshanense
Authors: Hao Jing‐wen , Zhu An‐ling , Chen Nai‐Dong , Liu Xiao‐quan , Li Qiang , Xu Hui‐min , Yang Wei‐Han , Qin Chao‐feng , Wu Jin‐Dong
Published: October 2021

A phenylhexyl isothiocyanate (PITC) precolumn derivatization quantitative analysis of multicomponents by a single marker (QAMS) strategy for the simultaneous analysis of 20 free amino acids (FAA) in Dendrobium huoshanense is proposed. The method was validated by the linearity, limit of detection (LDO), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), recovery, precision, and stability. The results showed that when applying the established method, the LOQ of the FFAs was lower than 1 ng/ml except threonine (1.32 ng) and cysteine (1.16 ng). The QAMS investigation revealed that, using any one of the 20 FAAs as the reference internal standard, no significant differences were observed between the external standard method and the QAMS method for the quantification of FAAs in D. huoshanense by PITC precolumn derivatization [The relative standard deviation (RSD, %) by QAMS and ESM were all below 5%]. HPLC fingerprint investigation combined with similar analysis (the similarity values for S1–S25 were >0.875) and quality fluctuation analysis showed that the cultivation environment might have a great effect on the accumulation of FAAs in D. huoshanense. Overall, our study showed that we might increase the accuracy and scope of the simultaneous quantification of multicomponents using the QAMS technique by being derivatized with a strong UV absorbing group, and QAMS combined with chromatographic fingerprinting can be considered good quality criteria for the quality control of D. huoshanense and may provide analytical technical support for research on Maillard Reaction during the further processing of D. huoshanense.
Assessing the food safety risk of ochratoxin A in coffee: A toxicology‐based approach to food safety planning
Authors: Heintz Melissa M. , Doepker Candace L. , Wikoff Daniele S. , Hawks Scott E.
Published: October 2021

Under the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and preventive controls (PCs) regulations, food manufacturers must consider whether PCs are needed for potential hazards present in food. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is considered a chemical hazard under FSMA. It is produced by several fungal species and can be present in various agricultural commodities, including coffee. OTA presents a unique scenario in food safety, because it is known to be a potential risk; because heating may destroy it, but not completely; and because the hazard profile suggests it is not acutely toxic at the occurrence levels in coffee, although at high exposure levels, it is potentially nephrotoxic and carcinogenic in animal models. In the absence of US compliance levels, it is important for the risk assessor and risk manager to determine whether PCs are warranted. To address this complex situation in the coffee industry, we combined food safety and toxicology risk assessment principles to examine the available information on OTA hazard and risk in coffee. Exposure and health‐based benchmarks for OTA in coffee, established by reviewing peer‐reviewed literature, food recall databases, and authoritative reviews, resulted in large margins‐of‐exposure for both single and repeated exposure scenarios. Furthermore, no evidence was identified from historical data to suggest OTA is acutely toxic in humans from coffee consumption or other exposure sources. Therefore, findings from this assessment indicate that no PC is warranted for US coffee manufactures, based on the low severity and likelihood of risk according to margin‐of‐exposure estimates and historical data.
Contextualizing Donors’ Interests: The United Nations’ Shaming of the United States’ Trade Partners
Authors: Kahn‐Nisser Sara
Published: October 2021

Human rights advocates, particularly intergovernmental organizations (IGO), consider donors’ interests when conducting human rights shaming. Allies of donors receive preferential treatment from IGOs. Do IGOs automatically treat allies of donors more leniently or do they consider the donors’ interests in the specific area being reviewed? This article argues that donor interest considerations are policy‐area‐specific. I substantiate this argument by analysing the association between shaming and partnership with the US, using a new dataset which measures shaming under the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). I use several analysis methods and data matching. The results indicate that having a trade agreement with the US is associated with receiving more criticism under the ICESCR. Rather than giving automatic preferential treatment to allies and partners of the UN’s main donor, the ICESCR committee adjusts its shaming to the US’s interest vis‐à‐vis its partners in the policy‐areas affected by the treaty.
Pathological high malignant grade is higher risk of recurrence in pN0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma, even with small invasive size
Authors: Ito Masaoki , Miyata Yoshihiro , Kushitani Kei , Kagimoto Atsushi , Ueda Daisuke , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Takeshima Yukio , Okada Morihito
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Tumor size is an absolute recurrence risk in lung cancer. Although morphological features also reflect recurrence risk, its significance among lower‐risk cases characterized by small size is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between pathological invasive tumor size and morphological features, and their prognostic impact by considering them simultaneously in lung adenocarcinoma.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively reviewed 563 pN0M0 patients with pathological invasive size of ≤40 mm. The patients were classified by pathological invasive size and pathological malignant grading using the proportion of subhistological components. The prognostic impact was evaluated using recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The impact on prognosis was evaluated using uni‐ and multivariate analyses.

Results

The proportion of histological grade changed according to invasive tumor size. Patients with high malignant grade (G3) showed worse RFS than those with low and intermediate malignant grade (G1+2) with invasive size ≤20 mm. The 5‐year RFS (G1+2 vs. G3) in 5–10 mm was 96.0% vs. 83.3% (HR = 5.505, 95% CI = 7.156–1850, p < 0.001) and in 10–20 mm was 87.8% vs. 67.1% (HR = 2.829, 95% CI = 4.160–43.14, p < 0.001). G3 patients were significantly bigger in invasive size and included more pleural/lymphatic/vascular invasion and recurrence. Multivariate analysis indicated pathological G3 status was significantly associated with worse RFS (HR = 2.097, 95% CI = 1.320–3.333, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Invasive tumor size and pathological malignant grade overlap in invasive adenocarcinoma. G3 patients are more likely to have pleural/lymphatic/vascular invasion and significantly worse RFS compared to G1/G2 cases, even with a small invasive size of ≤20 mm.
Motivational appetites, cultural orientations and accounting students' learning
Authors: Ji Grace , Wong Grace , Taylor Dennis , Mihret Dessalegn
Published: October 2021

We examine the effect of cognitive and cultural factors on student learning in undergraduate accounting courses. Using survey data relating to mainstream course activities and assessment tasks, we find that the ‘motivational appetite’ concepts of liking and wanting, along with ‘cultural orientation’ of vertical‐collectivism and horizontal‐individualism exhibit a significant joint effect on student learning. Motivational appetite has a statistically significant main effect while cultural orientation exhibits only a joint effect. This result suggests that while cognitive processes transcend cultural influence, the latter affects students' learning through their interaction with cognitive factors. Implications for accounting course design are discussed.
Genome‐wide association study of resistance/susceptibility to infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in Brazilian Hereford cattle
Authors: Comin H. B. , Sollero B. P. , Gaspar E. B. , Domingues R. , Cardoso F. F.
Published: October 2021

Genome‐wide association studies were conducted to identify the more informative genomic regions and SNPs, as well as to identify candidate genes associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) resistance/susceptibility in Hereford cattle. A Bayes B statistical approach was initially applied in genome‐wide association studies by using deregressed estimated breeding values for IBK resistance/susceptibility. To estimate the combined effect of a genomic region that is potentially associated with QTL, 2504 non‐overlapping 1‐Mb windows that varied in SNP number were defined, with the most informative 24 windows including 427 SNPs and explaining more than 20% of the estimated genetic variance for IBK resistance/susceptibility. These regions were explored with respect to their biological functions through functional analysis to map potential candidate genes. The significant SNPs were mapped on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 20, 23, and 28, and candidate genes were detected as related to the IBK. Most informative SNPs in term of genetic variance were located in proximity of genes related to phenotypic expression of lesions and biological processes associated to the IBK. Knowledge about phenotypic and genomic variation generated in the present study can be used to on design selection strategies to improve the resistance to IBK of Hereford cattle herds.
Telehealth in surgery: an umbrella review
Authors: Smith Sarah M. , Jacobsen Jonathan Henry W. , Atlas Alvin P. , Khoja Adeel , Kovoor Joshua G. , Tivey David R. , Babidge Wendy J. , Clancy Bridget , Jacobson Erica , O'Neill Christine , North John B. , Wu Roxanne , Maddern Guy J. , Frydenberg Mark
Published: October 2021

Background

Telehealth use has increased worldwide during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, hands‐on requirements of surgical care may have resulted in slower implementation. This umbrella review (review of systematic reviews) evaluated the perceptions, safety and implementation of telehealth services in surgery, and telehealth usage in Australia between 2020 and 2021.

Methods

PubMed was searched from 2015 to 2021 for systematic reviews evaluating real‐time telehealth modalities in surgery. Outcomes of interest were patient and provider satisfaction, safety, and barriers and facilitators associated with its use. Study quality was appraised using the AMSTAR 2 tool. A working group of surgeons provided insights into the clinical relevance to telehealth in surgical practice of the evidence collated.

Results

From 2025 identified studies, 17 were included, which were of low to moderate risk of bias. Patient and provider satisfaction with telehealth was high. Time savings, decreased healthcare resource use and lower costs were reported as key advantages of the service. Inability to perform comprehensive examinations was noted as the primary barrier. In Australia, peak telehealth usage coincided with the introduction of temporary telehealth services and increased lockdown measures.

Conclusions

Patients and providers are broadly satisfied with telehealth and its benefits. Barriers may be overcome via multidisciplinary collaboration. Telehealth may benefit surgical care long‐term if implemented correctly both during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Laparoscopic and open complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation for right colonic adenocarcinoma: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Testa Domenica Carmen , Mazzola Lorenzo , di Martino Giuseppe , Cotellese Roberto , Selvaggi Federico
Published: October 2021

Background

To examine the outcome of patients treated with complete mesocolic excision (CME) with central vascular ligation (CVL) after conventional and laparoscopic surgery.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated stage I–IV colon adenocarcinoma patients treated by the same surgeon (L.M.) from 2013 to 2018. Postoperative complications, recurrences and survival are assessed.

Results

Fifty‐one patients (M/F: 24/27) underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with CME (L‐CME) or open CME (O‐CME) plus CVL. Tumour location was the caecum in 39.2% of cases, the transverse in 23.5%, the hepatic colonic flexure in 21.5%, and the ascending colon in 15.6%. Twenty‐four patients underwent L‐CME while 27 underwent O‐CME. More than 15 harvested lymphnodes are reported in 74.1% of O‐CME patients and in 66.7% of L‐CME patients (p = 0.562). Postoperative complications occurred in 7 O‐CME and 5 L‐CME patients, respectively (p = 0.669). Three‐year overall survival, including stage IV, was of 75% versus 77.8% for L‐CME and O‐CME patients, respectively, while for stage I–III, was of 88.9% vs. 80% in L‐CME and O‐CME, respectively (p = 0.440). The median follow‐up was of 2.43 years.

Conclusion

CME with CVL is a meticulous, complex but feasible technique. In our experience, oncological results in terms of recurrences and overall survival, after conventional and laparoscopic CME plus CVL, are comparable. Patients with stage I–III colon adenocarcinoma have a better prognostic trend especially when more than 15 lymphnodes are removed. The respect of oncological radicality and the correct indication to minimally invasive surgery are the undiscussed key outcome variables.
Editorial: understanding IBS pathophysiology through “converging channels” of research
Authors: Elwing Jill E. , Sayuk Gregory S.
Published: October 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Grover et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16591 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16613