bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic efficacy of the RTN1 gene in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Zamani-Ahmadmahmudi Mohamad , Nassiri Seyed Mahdi , Asadabadi Amir
Published: October 2021

Gene expression profiling has been vastly used to extract the genes that can predict the clinical outcome in patients with diverse cancers, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). With the aid of bioinformatics and computational analysis on gene expression data, various prognostic gene signatures for DLBCL have been recently developed. The major drawback of the previous signatures is their inability to correctly predict survival in external data sets. In other words, they are not reproducible in other datasets. Hence, in this study, we sought to determine the gene(s) that can reproducibly and robustly predict survival in patients with DLBCL. Gene expression data were extracted from 7 datasets containing 1636 patients (GSE10846 [n = 420], GSE31312 [n = 470], GSE11318 [n = 203], GSE32918 [n = 172], GSE4475 [n = 123], GSE69051 [n = 157], and GSE34171 [n = 91]). Genes significantly associated with overall survival were detected using the univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis with a P value < 0.001 and a false discovery rate (FDR) < 5%. Thereafter, significant genes common between all the datasets were extracted. Additionally, chromosomal aberrations in the corresponding region of the final common gene(s) were evaluated as copy number alterations using the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data of 570 patients with DLBCL (GSE58718 [n = 242], GSE57277 [n = 148], and GSE34171 [n = 180]). Our results indicated that reticulon family gene 1 (RTN1) was the only gene that met our rigorous pipeline criteria and associated with a favorable clinical outcome in all the datasets (P < 0.001, FDR < 5%). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, this gene remained independent of the routine international prognostic index components (i.e., age, stage, lactate dehydrogenase level, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] performance status, and number of extranodal sites) (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, no significant chromosomal aberration was found in the RTN1 genomic region (14q23.1: Start 59,595,976/End 59,870,966).
Groundwater in sedimentary basins as potential lithium resource: a global prospective study
Authors: Dugamin Elza J. M. , Richard Antonin , Cathelineau Michel , Boiron Marie-Christine , Despinois Frank , Brisset Anne
Published: October 2021

Electric cars will require to increase the production of lithium dramatically (up to 2 Mtons lithium equivalent carbonate per year by 2030). However, conventional hard-rock and salar mining are facing environmental and social concerns. Therefore, alternative lithium resources may help meeting the global demand for the next decades. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of published lithium concentration in about 3000 samples of groundwater from 48 sedimentary basins worldwide. The highest lithium concentrations (> 102 mg l−1) are primarily found in high salinity waters (Total Dissolved Solids > 105 mg l−1) and are in the same range as brines from the most productive salars. Conservative estimations based on fluid volume and lithium concentration in selected reservoirs indicate that these lithium resources are comparable to salars and hard-rock mines (0.1–10 Mtons lithium). Therefore, lithium in groundwater from sedimentary basins could be a significant potential resource for the next decades.
Label-free Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Water Pollutant Analysis
Authors: Wei Haoran , Cho Seo Won
Published: October 2021

Monitoring environmental pollutants in drinking water supplies is vitally important for public health. Unfortunately, current technologies that are commonly adopted for waterborne pollutant analysis are expensive and time consuming. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) provides an inexpensive and fast way for water pollutant detection owing to the extraordinary optical properties of plasmonic nanoparticles. This book chapter is focused on label-free SERS, i.e., collecting Raman spectra directly from the targeted water pollutants. Following an overview of the principles, basic paradigms, and substrates of SERS, examples of label-free SERS detection of waterborne pollutants, including organic micropollutants, biotoxins, and pathogens, will be discussed in detail. In this book chapter, we will also talk about the challenges that label-free SERS sensors are facing for the sensitive, reproducible, and quantitative analysis of water pollutants.
Merging of MOFs and Graphene Analogous: Strategies for Enhanced Sensing Properties
Authors: Cheng Kuan , Lin Ze , Li Fengting , Wang Ying
Published: October 2021

Due to the integration of two-dimensional graphene analogous (GA) and three-dimensional metal organic frameworks (MOFs), the charge carrier and sensitivity of composite materials are obviously enhanced, and numerous complex materials (named as MOF–GA in this chapter) have been manufactured and applied in the field of sensing with advanced properties. Two typical types of MOF–GA, including MOF–GA composites and MOF–GA derivatives, are widely used for sensing of environmental contaminants. With functional ligands, active metal clusters, unique framework structures in MOFs and abundant oxygen-containing groups in GA, MOF–GA have been endowed with excellent properties, such as enhanced stability, accelerated electron transport and increased charge carrier, promoted dispersion, and improved surface chemical properties. These unique properties of MOF–GA composites provide many possibilities for the construction of highly sensitive and selective sensing platforms for environmental contaminants, including gaseous contaminants, organic contaminants and inorganic ions. Herein, we will summarize the synthetic methods and sensing applications of the materials in terms of MOF–GA.
Nano Meets Membrane: Toward Enhancing the Performance of Water Treatment
Authors: Li Qin , Li Jiansheng
Published: October 2021

As well as nanotechnology, membrane technology is also widely applied in water treatment. In this field, combining nanotechnology and membrane technology is an emerging approach for achieving better performance. In this chapter, the marriage between nanomaterials (NMs) and membranes is reviewed. NMs can be involved in pressure-driven (ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) and non-pressure-driven (membrane distillation, pervaporation and forward osmosis) membrane processes. In addition to attaining better permselectivity for membranes, functional NMs (designed adsorbents and catalysts) can help fabricate dual-functional membranes (adsorptive membranes and catalytic membranes) for advanced water treatment. We hope the development in NMs can endow nanocomposite membranes with more possibilities in water treatment.
Tuning Iron Oxide-based Nanomaterials as Next Generation Adsorbents for Environmental Applications
Authors: Chang Juan , Wang Erbing , Oldham Trey , Li Wenlu , Fortner John
Published: October 2021

Iron oxide-based nanomaterials have received considerable research interests due to their unique physical and chemical properties. This review offers a brief account of the current knowledge regarding engineered iron oxide-based nanomaterials for environmental applications, focusing on the synthesis, surface modification, and metal removal. We begin by discussing recent advances in synthesis methods for hierarchically structured, iron oxide nanocomposites. Size, shape, as well as structure of iron oxide-based nanomaterials can be tailored through tuning specific reaction conditions. Further, both organic and inorganic coating strategies are introduced, which can be employed to render such nanomaterials water stable while also allowing for specific (surface) functionality. Lastly, adsorption of single- and multi-contaminants, considering metals/metalloids as well as rare earth elements, onto representative iron oxide-based nanomaterials is summarized and compared.
Novel Nanoadsorbents for the Separation of Hazardous Pollutants from Water
Authors: Ren Zhong , Chen Pinghua , Jiang Hualin
Published: October 2021

Although the adsorption technique is a traditional wastewater treatment strategy, adsorbent materials have rapidly developed in recent years. In this chapter, worldwide water pollution contaminants are introduced, especially new changes in water contaminants, such as the appearance of emerging contaminants. Many researchers have conducted research to address these new situations in water pollution, and rapid developments in the adsorption field are among the achievements of these works. The most fundamental factor for a successful adsorption method is the adsorbent material. With the rapid development of nanotechnology in recent years, many nanoadsorbents have emerged and been made successful in the separation of hazardous pollutants from water. They are sorted into five kinds: selective nanoadsorbents, regenerable and separable nanoadsorbents, nanoadsorbents equipped with indicators, rare earth nanoadsorbents and broad-spectrum nanoadsorbents, and are summarized in this chapter. Details about their synthesis strategies, their applicable performances, and the corresponding adsorption mechanisms were introduced.
Application of Titanate Nanotubes for Water Treatment
Authors: Liu Wen , Ji Haodong , Chen Long , Duan Jun
Published: October 2021

Titanate nanotubes (TNTs), derived from TiO2 nanoparticles through hydrothermal treatment, have been attracting intensive research interests in recent years. Unlike the precursor TiO2 nanoparticles that have high photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet light, TNTs exhibit multi-layered and tubular structures. In addition, TNTs are composed of corrugated ribbons of edge-sharing [TiO6] octahedrons as the skeleton and H+/Na+ are located in the interlayers. Thus, TNTs usually have uniform tubular microstructures, large specific surface area, abundant functional groups (–ONa/–OH), good ion-exchange properties, high solution stability and high photoelectric quantum conversion effects. The specific physicochemical properties of TNTs indicate their great application potential in water and wastewater treatment. This chapter provides an overview of the latest research on the environmental applications and implications of TNTs. Conventional methods for the synthesis and characterization of TNTs are also summarized. TNTs and modified TNTs used as adsorbents, photocatalysts and catalysts for peroxymonosulfate/peroxydisulfate activation are systematically discussed. The environmental behaviors of aggregation and sedimentation of TNTs in water are also described.
Nanobubble Technology: Generation, Properties and Applications
Authors: Zhang Wen , Xue Shan , Shi Xiaonan , Marhaba Taha
Published: October 2021

This chapter introduces the fundamental principles of nanobubble generation, chemical and colloidal properties, and important engineering applications. Nanobubbles (NBs) render many emerging research areas and drive technology innovation. NBs are ultrafine or small bubbles with a size or diameter typically smaller than 1 μm that exhibit valuable characteristics (e.g., long residence times in water due to their low buoyancy, high stability against coalesces, collapse or burst, and ability to generate radicals). Particularly, we discussed with theories and model calculations to elucidate many intriguing properties such as bubble size dependent rising behavior, internal pressures, and dissolution kinetics. Potential impacts of NBs on water quality such as the changes in redox chemistry and mass transfer phenomena are introduced with relevant reaction stoichiometry and calculation protocols. NBs have a higher efficiency of mass transfer compared to bulk bubbles due to the high specific surface areas. In aeration and ozonation, NBs dispersed in water could potentially increase the longevity and stability of oxygen and ozone, which improves the aeration and disinfection or chemical reaction efficiencies. Finally, a suite of other reported applications such as surface cleaning, biofilm mitigation, harmful algal bloom removal and agricultural applications are briefly discussed and summarized to shed new light on the promising potential of NBs in sustainable engineering applications.
The Different Toxicity and Mechanism of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Titanate Nanotubes (TNTs) on Escherichia coli
Authors: Dang Chenyuan , Jiang Huan , Zheng Maosheng , Li Zhang , Liu Wen , Fu Jie
Published: October 2021

As typical titanium nanomaterials, TiO2 and titanate nanotubes (TNTs) are extensively used. Although the toxicity of nano-TiO2 under solar light has been investigated, it is not enough to evaluate its environmental toxicity because the dark environment is also important in the natural environment. In addition, little is known about the environmental toxicity and mechanism of the emerging TNTs. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of nano-TiO2 and TNTs based on the inactivation performance on Escherichia coli cells under simulated solar light and in a dark chamber, and their toxicity mechanisms were explored on a subcellular level. The inactivation performance was: nano-TiO2-solar (100.0%) > TNTs-solar (62.7%) > TNTs-dark (36.6%) > TiO2-dark (0.5%). The excellent inactivation performance of nano-TiO2 under solar light is caused by the large amount of active free radicals attacking cell organelles until peroxidation and death, which is due to the strong photocatalytic properties. The lower inactivation ability of nano-TiO2 in the dark was due to the absence of radicals and its accessible physical morphology. For TNTs, the inactivation ability under solar light is derived from a combination of its weak photocatalytic performance and morphological effects, and TNTs in a dark environment can only attack cells via physical piercing.
Localized surface plasmon resonance aptasensor for selective detection of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein
Authors: Lewis Tyra , Giroux Erin , Jovic Marko , Martic-Milne Sanela
Published: October 2021

In this work, we designed and developed a method to detect S1 spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
Dynamics of nuclear recoil: QM-BOMD simulations of model systems following β-decay
Authors: Fromsejer Rasmus , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Hemmingsen Lars
Published: October 2021

The effect of recoil from a β− nuclear decay on the dynamics of a protein model system is investigated using QM Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics.
Tuning the luminescence efficiency by perfluorination of side chains in Eu3+ complexes with β-diketones of the thiophene series
Authors: Varaksina Evgeniya A. , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Puntus Lada N. , Korshunov Vladislav M. , Silva Gustavo S. , Freire Ricardo O. , Taydakov Ilya V.
Published: October 2021

The effect of fluorinated chain length of Htta analogs in [Eu(L)3phen] complexes on energy transfer was investigated and the complicated influence of substituents on the photophysical properties of the compounds was thoroughly discussed.
Can we enhance diradical character using interaction with stoichiometric surfaces of ionic oxides? A theoretical investigation using chemical indices
Authors: Tada Kohei , Ozaki Hiroyuki , Fujimaru Koji , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Kawakami Takashi , Okumura Mitsutaka
Published: October 2021

Chemical indices based on electron density are formulated. We can tune diradical character by weak surface adsorptions, and the surface effects can be investigated by the presented scheme.
Quantum chemical assessment of the molecular area corresponding to the onset of the LE–LC phase transition for amphiphilic 2D monolayers at the air/water interface
Authors: Kartashynska Elena S. , Vollhardt Dieter
Published: October 2021

The molecular area per surfactant molecule at the onset of the LE–LC phase transition was assessed using thermodynamic and structural parameters of small clusters estimated within the quantum chemical semiempirical PM3 method.
On the fate of high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), a versatile probe to detect surface excitations: will the Phoenix rise again?
Authors: Politano Antonio
Published: October 2021

High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy is a powerful tool to investigate surface excitations (vibrations of chemisorbed atoms and molecules, phonons, plasmons). Here, a perspective on the status and the future perspectives of HREELS is presented.
Dielectric properties of ice VII under the influence of time-alternating external electric fields
Authors: Futera Zdenek , English Niall J.
Published: October 2021

The high-pressure solid phase of water known as ice VII has recently attracted a lot of attention when its presence was detected in large exoplanets, their icy satellites, and even in Earth's mantle.
Probing the role of surface acid sites on the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride over cerium doped CdS via experiments and theoretical calculations
Authors: Chen Ran , Chen Juan , Gao Xin , Ao Yanhui , Wang Peifang
Published: October 2021

The surface acid sites of CdS were regulated by cerium doping, which resulted in significantly increased activity for TC-HCl degradation. Moreover, Ce doping reduced recombination of electron–hole pairs, thus boosting TC-HCl degradation.
Magnetically recoverable nickel-palladium alloy nanocatalysts for direct C–H arylation reactions
Authors: Zozik Yunus , Sevim Melike , Lafzi Ferruh , Kilic Haydar , Metin Önder
Published: October 2021

Magnetically recoverable bimetallic NiPd alloy nanocatalysts were fabricated for the C–H arylation of heteroarenes with aryl halides. The nanocatalysts showed very good performance and the biaryl products were obtained in good to excellent yields.
Reactions of five-membered zirconacycloalkynes and zirconacycloallenes with Cp2Zr(H)Cl; formal hydrogenation by metal hydrides
Authors: Suzuki Noriyuki , Ban Sayaka , Mochizuki Ayari , Ito Saki
Published: October 2021

Reactions of five-membered zirconacycloalkynes and zirconacyloallenes with Cp2Zr(H)Cl gave five membered zirconacyloallenes without work-up such as protonolysis and hydrogenolysis.
A stable ring-expanded NHC-supported copper boryl and its reactivity towards heterocumulenes
Authors: Horsley Downie Thomas M. , Charman Rex S. C. , Hall Jonathan W. , Mahon Mary F. , Lowe John P. , Liptrot David J.
Published: October 2021

A copper(i) boryl supported by a ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbene has been synthesised and its reactivity towards heterocumulenes has been investigated.
Unconventional direct synthesis of Ni3N/Ni with N-vacancies for efficient and stable hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Doudou , Li Haobo , Riaz Asim , Sharma Astha , Liang Wensheng , Wang Yuan , Chen Hongjun , Vora Kaushal , Yan Di , Su Zhen , Tricoli Antonio , Zhao Chuan , Beck Fiona J. , Reuter Karsten , Catchpole Kylie , Karuturi Siva
Published: October 2021

Direct synthesis of Ni3N/Ni catalyst enriched with N-vacancies using one-step reactive magnetron sputtering with enhanced performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction in photoelectrochemical cells and electrolysers.
An over 10% module efficiency obtained using non-Bi2Te3 thermoelectric materials for recovering heat of <600 K
Authors: Bu Zhonglin , Zhang Xinyue , Hu Yixin , Chen Zhiwei , Lin Siqi , Li Wen , Pei Yanzhong
Published: October 2021

This work illustrates the existence of thermoelectric materials and devices other than the historical Bi2Te3-based ones for efficiently generating electricity from extremely abundant, low-grade waste heat of <600 K.
Heterochelation boosts sodium storage in π-d conjugated coordination polymers
Authors: Wu Yanchao , Zhang Yong , Chen Yuan , Tang Hui , Tang Mi , Xu Shuaifei , Fan Kun , Zhang Chenyang , Ma Jing , Wang Chengliang , Hu Wenping
Published: October 2021

Two Ni-based CCPs with N and S as co-chelating atoms are reported for sodium-ion batteries, expecting to utilize the merits of both N and S as chelating atoms and leading to enhanced electrical conductivity, capacity, cyclability and rate capability.
Concise synthesis ofN-phosphorylated amides through three-component reactions
Authors: Zhu Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Tao , Zhou Linlin , Yang Shang-Dong
Published: October 2021

A one-pot synthesis ofN-phosphorylated amides was achieved by a three-component reaction with carboxylic acids, phosphorus chlorides and azides under mild reaction conditions.
Organic syntheses greenness assessment with multicriteria decision analysis
Authors: Tobiszewski Marek , Przychodzeń Witold , Bystrzanowska Marta , Milewska Maria J.
Published: October 2021

Greenness metrics for comparative, comprehensive and simple assessment of organic syntheses processes.
Design and construction of three-dimensional physiologically-based vascular branching networks for respiratory assist devices
Authors: Santos Jose A. , Gimbel Alla A. , Peppas Athanasios , Truslow James G. , Lang Daniel A. , Sukavaneshvar Sivaprasad , Solt Derek , Mulhern Thomas J. , Markoski Alex , Kim Ernest S. , Hsiao James C.-M. , Lewis Diana J. , Harjes Daniel I. , DiBiasio Christopher , Charest Joseph L. , Borenstein Jeffrey T.
Published: October 2021

Multi-layer microfluidic oxygenator fabricated from three-dimensional branching blood flow networks mimicking physiological vasculature.
The state of the art in plant lipidomics
Authors: Kehelpannala Cheka , Rupasinghe Thusitha , Hennessy Thomas , Bradley David , Ebert Berit , Roessner Ute
Published: October 2021

In this review, we provide a critical appraisal of the key developments, current state and future trends in liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry-based workflows for plant lipid analysis.
Graphene quantum dots as nanosensor for rapid and label-free dual detection of Cu2+ and tiopronin by means of fluorescence “on–off–on” switching: mechanism and molecular logic gate
Authors: Yao Jun , Wang Li
Published: October 2021

(A) Schematic diagram of the interaction and dual detection of Cu2+ and MPG by means of fluorescence “on–off–on” switching. (B) Molecular logic gate and truth table constructed based on Cu2+ and MPG as inputs and emission signal as output.
Squalamine and trodusquemine: two natural products for neurodegenerative diseases, from physical chemistry to the clinic
Authors: Limbocker Ryan , Errico Silvia , Barbut Denise , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Vendruscolo Michele , Chiti Fabrizio , Zasloff Michael
Published: October 2021

The natural products squalamine and trodusquemine are promising potential therapeutics against Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other neurodegenerative diseases for their ability to modulate protein aggregation processes and target protein misfolded oligomers that are toxic to neurons.
Synthesis of 5H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyridinesviaDABCO-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of 3-nitro-2H-chromenes and allenoates
Authors: Soares Maria I. L. , Gomes Clara S. B. , Oliveira M. Conceição , Marçalo Joaquim , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: October 2021

An unprecedent reaction between allenoates and 3-nitro-2H-chromenes, in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst, DABCO, has been disclosed, delivering 5H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives incorporating two allenoate units.
A Pd-catalyzed one-pot cascade consisting of C–C/C–O/N–N bond formation to access benzoxazine fused 1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Soam Pooja , Gaba Hashmita , Mandal Debasish , Tyagi Vikas
Published: October 2021

A Pd-catalyzed one-pot cascade consisting of C–C/C–O/N–N bond formation to access clinically important fused 1,2,3-triazoles using N-aryl-α-(tosylhydrazone)acetamides with isocyanide has been developed.
Regio- and stereoselective (3 + 2)-cycloaddition reactions of nitrones with cyclic allenes
Authors: Efremova Mariia M. , Makarova Anastasia A. , Novikov Alexander S. , Kryukova Mariya A. , Kuznetsov Mikhail A. , Molchanov Alexander P.
Published: October 2021

The first example of the reaction of functionalized keto- and aldonitrones with nine- and ten-membered cyclic allenes.
Rapid, green synthesis of high performance viscosifiers via a photoiniferter approach for water-based drilling fluids
Authors: Shanmugam Sivaprakash , Ross Georgesha , Mbuncha Christelle Yimgnia , Santra Ashok
Published: October 2021

The generation of high-performance materials under benign conditions is very much needed in the efforts to reduce the carbon footprint of oil and gas explorations.
MicroRNA-5106-based nanodelivery to enhance osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration of bone mesenchymal stem cells through targeting of Gsk-3α
Authors: Yu Meng , Lei Bo
Published: October 2021

This work reports the intracellular delivery of miRNA-5106 into stem cells. The intracellular delivery could efficiently enhance the osteogenic differentiation andin vivobone regeneration through the targeting the Gsk-3α signaling pathway.
A photoredox/nickel dual-catalytic strategy for benzylic C–H alkoxylation
Authors: Dong Min , Jia Yuqi , Zhou Wei , Gao Jinlai , Lv Xiaoqing , Luo Fan , Zhang Yongqiang , Liu Shihui
Published: October 2021

Reported herein is a photoredox/nickel dual-catalyzed benzylic C–H alkoxylation and the protocol features broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility.
Valorisation of xylose to renewable fuels and chemicals, an essential step in augmenting the commercial viability of lignocellulosic biorefineries
Authors: Narisetty Vivek , Cox Rylan , Bommareddy Rajesh , Agrawal Deepti , Ahmad Ejaz , Pant Kamal Kumar , Chandel Anuj Kumar , Bhatia Shashi Kant , Kumar Dinesh , Binod Parmeswaran , Gupta Vijai Kumar , Kumar Vinod
Published: October 2021

Biologists and engineers are making tremendous efforts in contributing to a sustainable and green society.
Sulfur-bridged iron-polyphthalocyanine on CuxO/copper foam: efficient and durable electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Chen Xinran , Li Yang , Chen Lu , Cui Lili , Dou Zhiyu , He Xingquan , Fan Meihong , Asefa Tewodros
Published: October 2021

Sulfur-bridged iron polyphthalocyanine (FeSPPc) is grown in situ on CuxO-coated Cu foam and then shown to serve as an efficient non-noble electrocatalyst for alkaline overall water splitting to produce green hydrogen.
Study on hydrothermal liquefaction for cell disruption and lipid extraction from Rhodosporidium toruloides
Authors: Chen Yuwei , Huang Qitian , Ye Jun , Xu Junming , Chen Jie , Wang Yigang , Nie Xiaoan
Published: October 2021

Hydrothermal liquefaction is used as a novel method to disrupt cell walls and extract lipids from oleaginous yeast (Rhodosporidium toruloides) in a single step.
Decoding the charge carrier dynamics in triple cation-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Khan Mohd Taukeer , Hemasiri Naveen Harindu , Kazim Samrana , Ahmad Shahzada
Published: October 2021

By deciphering the charge carrier dynamics in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) we noted deep (254 meV) and shallow (91 meV) trap states observed at low and high frequencies respectively, corresponds to ionic migration/electronic trapping.
Psychometric Properties of Rapid Word-Based Rate Measures in the Assessment of Bulbar Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Comparisons With Syllable-Based Rate Tasks
Authors: Shellikeri Sanjana , Marzouqah Reeman , Brooks Benjamin Rix , Zinman Lorne , Green Jordan R. , Yunusova Yana
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Rapid maximum performance repetition tasks have increasingly demonstrated their utility as clinimetric markers supporting diagnosis and monitoring of bulbar disease in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A recently developed protocol uses novel real-word repetitions instead of traditional nonword/syllable sequences in hopes of improving sensitivity to motor speech impairments by adding a phonological target constraint that would activate a greater expanse of the motor speech neuroanatomy. This study established the psychometric properties of this novel clinimetric protocol in its assessment of bulbar ALS and compared performance to traditional syllable sequence dysdiadochokinetic (DDK) tasks. Specific objectives were to (a) compare rates between controls and speakers with symptomatic versus presymptomatic bulbar disease, (b) characterize their discriminatory ability in detecting presymptomatic bulbar disease compared to healthy speech, (c) determine their articulatory movement underpinnings, and (d) establish within-individual longitudinal changes.

Method

DDK and novel tongue (“ticker”—TAR) and labial (“pepper”—LAR) articulatory rates were compared betweenn= 18 speakers with presymptomatic bulbar disease,n= 10 speakers with symptomatic bulbar disease, andn= 13 healthy controls. Bulbar disease groups were determined by a previously validated speaking rate cutoff. Discriminatory ability was determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Within-individual change over time was characterized in a subset of 16 participants with available longitudinal data using linear mixed-effects models. Real-time articulatory movements of the tongue front, tongue dorsum, jaw, and lips were captured using 3-D electromagnetic articulography; effects of movement displacement and speed on clinimetric rates were determined using stepwise linear regressions.

Results

All clinimetric rates (traditional DDK tasks and novel tasks) were reduced in speakers with symptomatic bulbar disease; only TAR was reduced in speakers with presymptomatic bulbar disease and was able to detect this group with an excellent discrimination ability (area under the curve = 0.83). Kinematic analyses revealed associations with expected articulators, greater motor complexity, and differential articulatory patterns for the novel real-word repetitions than their DDK counterparts. Only LAR significantly declined longitudinally over the disease course.

Conclusion

Novel real-word clinimetric rate tasks evaluating tongue and labial articulatory dysfunction are valid and effective markers for early detection and tracking of bulbar disease in ALS.
Adapting a Patient–Reported Outcome Bookmarking Task to be Accessible to Adults With Cognitive and Language Disorders
Authors: Cohen Matthew L. , Harnish Stacy M. , Lanzi Alyssa M. , Brello Jennifer , Victorson David , Kisala Pamela A. , Nandakumar Ratna , Tulsky David S.
Published: October 2021

Background

Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures produce scores that do not always have obvious clinical meaning. The PRO-bookmarking procedure is a new and promising way to make PRO measures more meaningful and interpretable. However, the materials and procedures of the task may benefit from adaptations to be more accessible to individuals with cognitive and language disorders.

Aims

This study aims to provide an overview of the iterative refinement process used to modify the materials and procedures of the PRO-bookmarking task so that they are more accessible to adults with acquired cognitive and language impairments.

Method and Procedures

Our team of health psychologists, neuropsychologists, and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) conducted two focus groups with SLPs and care partners of people with aphasia using the same PRO-bookmarking materials and procedures as previous reports. These PRO-bookmarking materials and procedures were then refined iteratively based on discussion with those who participated in focus groups and among the research team, and three more times in the course of 16 additional focus groups of different stakeholders: people with Parkinson's disease, aphasia, or traumatic brain injury; care partners of people with those conditions; and SLPs who have experience with those, and other adult-acquired conditions.

Outcomes and Results

The PRO-bookmarking materials and procedures underwent four iterations to make them clearer, simpler, and more accessible. For example, the materials included more structured text and graphic supports where appropriate and the procedures were clustered into smaller discrete tasks and displayed graphically when possible and appropriate.

Conclusions

PRO-bookmarking materials and procedures were made simpler and more structured to increase their accessibility to adults with cognitive and language impairments. In fact, these adaptations made the tasks simpler and clearer for all types of stakeholders.
Another Moment in Time: A Follow-Up Survey on Speech-Language Pathologists' Experiences With the COVID-19 Pandemic During the Fall of 2020
Authors: Sylvan Lesley , Goldstein Erica , Steinberg Elana , Crandall Megan
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

Although the COVID-19 pandemic had been impacting K–12 education since spring 2020, educational professionals working in schools faced unique challenges at the beginning of the 2020–2021 school year. This study focused on gaining a deeper understanding of the experiences of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) during the first half of the 2020–2021 school year and comparing these experiences to the previous spring.

Method:

This study involved a survey of 333 school-based SLPs working across the United States. The results of the survey were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively to identify key themes and trends related to communication, service delivery models, changes in job requirements, confidence levels, and personal challenges.

Results:

Results indicated that SLPs' experiences in fall 2020 differed from spring 2020 and varied in multiple ways. In the fall of 2020, participants indicated a higher level of confidence and felt communication with their districts improved overall. However, SLPs faced new challenges related to varying service delivery models (i.e., in person, virtual, and hybrid) and continued to face some challenges that remained from the spring of 2020, such as lack of resources.

Conclusions:

There is much to learn from school-based SLPs' experiences during the fall of 2020, which varied in key ways from their experiences in the spring of 2020. It is important to document SLPs' resilience, hard work, and continued impact while supporting students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A novel study of the resistance of thermopile for thermoelectric MEMS microwave power sensors
Authors: Zhang Shiran , Yu Wenting , Ren Qingying , Wang Debo
Published: October 2021

In order to study the effect of the resistance of thermopile on the output performance of thermoelectric microelectromechanical system (MEMS) microwave power sensors, the relationship of the electron mobility and the resistance in n+‐type GaAs is studied, and the reason why the resistance of thermocouple changes with the input microwave power and frequency is analyzed. The experimental results show that in the range of 8 ∼ 12 GHz, the return loss of the sensor is less than −27.75 dB, and the sensitivity of the sensor is 0.055 mV/mW@10 GHz. The resistance of thermopile shows a downward trend with the frequency. With the input power range from 0 to 300 mW, the resistance of thermopile increases from 55.51 to 71.17 kΩ, and it has good linearity. Therefore, this work has a certain reference value for improving the output performance of thermoelectric microwave power sensors.
Introducing a new multi-particle collision method for the evolution of dense stellar systems
Authors: Di Cintio Pierfrancesco , Pasquato Mario , Simon-Petit Alicia , Yoon Suk-Jin
Published: October 2021

Context.In a previous paper we introduced a new method for simulating collisional gravitationalN-body systems with linear time scaling onN, based on the multi-particle collision (MPC) approach. This allows us to easily simulate globular clusters with a realistic number of stellar particles (105 − 106) in a matter of hours on a typical workstation.

Aims.We evolve star clusters containing up to 106stars to core collapse and beyond. We quantify several aspects of core collapse over multiple realizations and different parameters while always resolving the cluster core with a realistic number of particles.

Methods.We run a large set ofN-body simulations with our new code MPCDSS. The cluster mass function is a pure power law with no stellar evolution, allowing us to clearly measure the effects of the mass spectrum on core collapse.

Results.Leading up to core collapse, we find a power-law relation between the size of the core and the time left to core collapse. Our simulations thus confirm the theoretical self-similar contraction picture but with a dependence on the slope of the mass function. The time of core collapse has a non-monotonic dependence on the slope, which is well fitted by a parabola. This also holds for the depth of core collapse and for the dynamical friction timescale of heavy particles. Cluster density profiles at core collapse show a broken-power-law structure, suggesting that central cusps are a genuine feature of collapsed cores. The core bounces back after collapse, with visible fluctuations, and the inner density slope evolves to an asymptotic value. The presence of an intermediate-mass black hole inhibits core collapse, making it much shallower, irrespective of the mass-function slope.

Conclusions.We confirm and expand on several predictions of star cluster evolution before, during, and after core collapse. Such predictions were based on theoretical calculations or small-size directN-body simulations. Here we put them to the test in MPC simulations with a much larger number of particles, allowing us to resolve the collapsing core.
Alleviating the transit timing variation bias in transit surveys
Authors: Leleu A. , Chatel G. , Udry S. , Alibert Y. , Delisle J.-B. , Mardling R.
Published: October 2021

Transit timing variations (TTVs) can provide useful information for systems observed by transit, as they allow us to put constraints on the masses and eccentricities of the observed planets, or even to constrain the existence of non-transiting companions. However, TTVs can also act as a detection bias that can prevent the detection of small planets in transit surveys that would otherwise be detected by standard algorithms such as the Boxed Least Square algorithm if their orbit was not perturbed. This bias is especially present for surveys with a long baseline, such as Kepler, some of the TESS sectors, and the upcoming PLATO mission. Here we introduce a detection method that is robust to large TTVs, and illustrate its use by recovering and confirming a pair of resonant super-Earths with ten-hour TTVs around Kepler-1705 (prev. KOI-4772). The method is based on a neural network trained to recover the tracks of low-signal-to-noise-ratio (S/N) perturbed planets in river diagrams. We recover the transit parameters of these candidates by fitting the light curve. The individual transit S/N of Kepler-1705b and c are about three times lower than all the previously known planets with TTVs of 3 h or more, pushing the boundaries in the recovery of these small, dynamically active planets. Recovering this type of object is essential for obtaining a complete picture of the observed planetary systems, and solving for a bias not often taken into account in statistical studies of exoplanet populations. In addition, TTVs are a means of obtaining mass estimates which can be essential for studying the internal structure of planets discovered by transit surveys. Finally, we show that due to the strong orbital perturbations, it is possible that the spin of the outer resonant planet of Kepler-1705 is trapped in a sub- or super-synchronous spin–orbit resonance. This would have important consequences for the climate of the planet because a non-synchronous spin implies that the flux of the star is spread over the whole planetary surface.
Precise distances from OGLE-IV member RR Lyrae stars in six bulge globular clusters
Authors: Oliveira R. A. P. , Ortolani S. , Barbuy B. , Kerber L. O. , Maia F. F. S. , Bica E. , Cassisi S. , Souza S. O. , Pérez-Villegas A.
Published: October 2021

Context. RR Lyrae stars are useful standard candles allowing one to derive accurate distances for old star clusters. Based on the recent catalogues from OGLE-IV and Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), the distances can be improved for a few bulge globular clusters.

Aims. The aim of this work is to derive an accurate distance for the following six moderately metal-poor, relatively high-reddening bulge globular clusters: NGC 6266, NGC 6441, NGC 6626, NGC 6638, NGC 6642, and NGC 6717.

Methods. We combined newly available OGLE-IV catalogues of variable stars containing mean I magnitudes, with Clement’s previous catalogues containing mean V magnitudes, and with precise proper motions from Gaia EDR3. Astrometric membership probabilities were computed for each RR Lyrae, in order to select those compatible with the cluster proper motions. Applying luminosity–metallicity relations derived from BaSTI α-enhanced models (He-enhanced for NGC 6441 and canonical He for the other clusters), we updated the distances with relatively low uncertainties.

Results. Distances were derived with the I and V bands, with a 5 − 8% precision. We obtained 6.6 kpc, 13.1 kpc, 5.6 kpc, 9.6 kpc, 8.2 kpc, and 7.3 kpc for NGC 6266, NGC 6441, NGC 6626, NGC 6638, NGC 6642, and NGC 6717, respectively. The results are in excellent agreement with the literature for all sample clusters, considering the uncertainties.

Conclusions. The present method of distance derivation, based on recent data of member RR Lyrae stars, updated BaSTI models, and robust statistical methods, proved to be consistent. A larger sample of clusters will be investigated in a future work.
First black hole mass estimation for the quadruple lensed system WGD2038-4008
Authors: Melo A. , Motta V. , Godoy N. , Mejia-Restrepo J. , Assef R. J. , Mediavilla E. , Falco E. , Ávila-Vera F. , Jerez R.
Published: October 2021

Context. The quadruple lensed system WGD2038-4008 (zs = 0.777 ± 0.001) has recently been discovered with the help of new techniques and observations. Black hole masses have been estimated for lensed quasars, but they have mostly been calculated for one broad emission line of one image. However, the images could be affected by microlensing, which changes the results.

Aims. We present black hole mass (MBH) estimations for images A and B of WGD2038-4008 using the three most prominent broad emission lines (Hα, Hβ, and Mg II) obtained in one single-epoch spectra. This is the first time the mass has been estimated in a lensed quasar in two images, allowing us to disentangle the effects of microlensing. The high S/N of our spectra allows us to get reliable results that can be compared with the existing data in the literature.

Methods. We used the X-shooter instrument mounted on the Very Large Telescope at Paranal Observatory to observe this system, taking advantage of its wide spectral range (UVB, VIS, and NIR). The sky emission correction was performed using principal component analysis as the nodding was small compared to the image separation. We compared the lines profiles to identify the microlensing in the broad-line region and corrected each spectra by the image magification. Using the flux ratio of the continuum to the core of the emission lines, we analyzed whether microlensing was present in the continuum source.

Results. We obtained MBH using the single-epoch method with the Hα and Hβ emission lines from the monochromatic luminosity and the velocity width. The luminosity at 3000 Å was obtained using the spectral energy distribution of image A, while the luminosity at 5100 Å was estimated directly from the spectra. The average MBH between the images obtained was log10(MBH/M⊙) = 8.27 ± 1.05, 8.25 ± 0.32, and 8.59 ± 0.35 for Mg II, Hβ, and Hα, respectively. We find Eddington ratios similar to those measured in the literature for unlensed low-luminosity quasars. Microlensing of −0.16 ± 0.06 mag in the continuum was found, but the induced error in the MBH is minor compared to that associated with the macromodel magnification. We also obtained the accretion disk size using the MBH for the three emission lines, obtaining an average value of log10(rs/cm)=15.3 ± 0.63, which is in agreement with theoretical estimates.
Discovery and analysis of low-surface-brightness galaxies in the environment of NGC 1052
Authors: Román Javier , Castilla Aida , Pascual-Granado Javier
Published: October 2021

The environment of NGC 1052 has recently attracted much attention because of the presence of low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) with apparently “exotic” properties, making it a region of high interest for the detection of new objects. We used public deep photometric data from the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey to carry out a comprehensive search for LSBGs over a wide region of 6 × 6 degrees, equivalent to 2 × 2 Mpc at the distance of NGC 1052. We detected 42 LSBGs withreff> 5 arcsec andμg(0) > 24 mag arcsec−2, of which 20 are previously undetected objects. Among all the newly detected objects, RCP 32 stands out with extreme properties:reff= 23.0 arcsec and ⟨μg⟩eff= 28.6 mag arcsec−2. This makes RCP 32 one of the lowest surface brightness galaxies ever detected through integrated photometry, located at just 10 arcmin from the extensively studied NGC 1052-DF2. We explored the presence of globular clusters (GCs) in the LSBGs. We marginally detected a GC system in RCP 32, and argue that this LSBG is of great interest for follow-up observations given its extremely low baryon density. After analyzing the distribution of galaxies with available spectroscopy, we identified a large-scale structure of approximately 1 Mpc that is well isolated in redshift space and centered on NGC 1052. The spatial correlation analysis between the LSBGs and this large-scale structure suggests their association. However, when exploring the distribution of effective radius, we find an overpopulation of large LSBGs (reff> 15 arcsec) located close to the line of sight of NGC 1052. We argue that this is suggestive of a substructure with similar radial velocity in sight projection, but at a closer distance, to which some of these apparently larger LSBGs could be associated. However. possible effects derived from tidal interactions are worthy of further study. Our work expands the catalog of LSBGs with new interesting objects and provides a detailed environmental context for the study of LSBGs in this region.
Transfer of40K,226Ra and210Pb from soil to plants in various locations of El-Jadida agricultural area (north-western Morocco)
Authors: El Aouidi Samira , Benmhammed Ayoub , Benkdad Azzouz , Mejjad Nezha , Toth-Bodrogi Edit , Kovács Tibor , Laissaoui Abdelmourhit
Published: October 2021

The present study examines the radionuclides (40K,226Ra and210Pb) concentrations in soil and plants collected from El Jadida agricultural area. The transfer factors of radionuclides from the soil to different components of the plants (stems, roots, leaves, and fruits) was also determined and assessed. The plants include various vegetable crops, including pumpkin, zucchini, beans, fennel, potato, sunflower, broccoli, onion, carrot, cabbage, tomato, and mallow from three different locations. A wide-range HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer is used for radionuclide activity measurement. The radionuclides activities of soil samples display a wide range of variability from one location to another. The concentrations of226Ra vary between 18 ± 1 Bq.Kg-1and 80 ± 4 Bq.Kg-1, the concentrations of210Pb range from 49.7 ± 4.4 Bq.Kg-1to 269 ± 16 Bq.Kg-1, and the40K values fluctuate between 94,1 ± 6,5 and 286,1 ± 15,3 Bq.Kg-1. The study showed that the transfer factor for K-40 is more significant than Pb-210 and Ra-226, mainly related to the use of fertilizers rich in potassium in the agricultural areas, leading to its concentrations increase.