bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19: Vaccination Side Effects and Sick Leave in Frontline Healthcare-Workers—A Web-Based Survey in Germany
Authors: Nohl André , Brune Bastian , Weichert Veronika , Standl Fabian , Stang Andreas , Dudda Marcel
Published: March 2022

(1) Background: The COVID-19 vaccination has caused uncertainty among employees and employers regarding vaccination reactions and incapacitation. At the time of our study, three vaccines are licensed in Germany to combat the COVID-19 pandemic (BioNTech/Pfizer (Comirnaty), AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria), and Moderna (Spikevax). We aim to assess how often and to what extent frontline healthcare workers had vaccination reactions after the first and second vaccination. The main focus is on the amount of sick leave after the vaccinations. (2) Methods: We create a web-based online questionnaire and deliver it to 270 medical directors in emergency medical services all over Germany. They are asked to make the questionnaire public to employees in their area of responsibility. To assess the association between independent variables and adverse effects of vaccination, we use log-binomial regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for dichotomous outcomes (sick leave). (3) Results: A total of 3909 individuals participate in the survey for the first vaccination, of whom 3657 (94%) also provide data on the second vaccination. Compared to the first vaccination, mRNA-related vaccine reactions are more intense after the second vaccination, while vaccination reactions are less intense for vector vaccines. (4) Conclusion: Most vaccination reactions are physiological (local or systemic). Our results can help to anticipate the extent to which personnel will be unable to work after vaccination. Even among vaccinated HCWs, there seems to be some skepticism about future vaccinations. Therefore, continuous education and training should be provided to all professionals, especially regarding vaccination boosters. Our results contribute to a better understanding and can therefore support the control of the pandemic.
Vaccines Against COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Torres-Estrella Carlos U. , Reyes-Montes María del Rocío , Duarte-Escalante Esperanza , Sierra Martínez Mónica , Frías-De-León María Guadalupe , Acosta-Altamirano Gustavo
Published: March 2022

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, various joint efforts have been made to support the creation of vaccines. Different projects have been under development, of which some are in the clinical evaluation stage and others in are in phase III with positive results. The aim of this paper was to describe the current situation of the development and production of vaccines available to the population to facilitate future research and continue developing and proposing ideas for the benefit of the population. So, we carried out a systematic review using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and MEDLINE, including keywords such as “vaccines,” “COVID-19,” and “SARS-CoV-2”. We reviewed the development and production of the anti-COVID vaccine and its different platforms, the background leading to the massive development of these substances, and the most basic immune aspects for a better understanding of their physiological activity and the immune response in those who receive the vaccine. We also analyzed immunization effects in populations with any medical or physiological conditions (such as immunosuppression, people with comorbidities, and pregnancy), as well as the response to immunization with heterologous vaccines and the hybrid immunity (the combination of natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 with immunity generated by the vaccine). Likewise, we address the current situation in Mexico and its role in managing the vaccination process against SARS-CoV-2 at the national and international levels. There are still many clinical and molecular aspects to be described, such as the duration of active immunity and the development of immunological memory, to mention some of the most important ones. However, due to the short time since the global vaccination roll-out and that it has been progressive (not counting children and people with medical conditions), it is premature to say whether a second vaccination schedule will be necessary for the near future. Thus, it is essential to continue with health measures.
Study on the Effect of Water Flux in Osmotic Microbial Fuel Cells on Membrane Water Content and Resistance
Authors: Zhao Yang , Song Yonghui , Duan Liang
Published: March 2022

Osmotic microbial fuel cells (OsMFCs) can integrate forward osmosis into microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which are able to perform organic elimination, bioenergy production, and high-class water abstraction from wastewater. However, it is not well understood how the unique feature of OsMFCs, i.e., water flux, helps improve current generation. Based on experimental studies and the Springer model theory, a new method for representing water transmission in OsMFC membranes is put forward that considers water transmission by electro-osmosis resulting from proton flux through the membrane and by osmosis resulting from osmotic pressure grades of water. In this research, osmotic water transmission is associated with the permeable differential pressure resulting from the ionic differential concentration in the membrane, and electro-osmotic water transmission is found to be proportional to the current density employed but irrelevant to the composition gradients. The net water transmission in OsMFC depends on the operation time and increases accordingly with higher current density and composition gradients. Furthermore, the membrane’s proton conductibility and water-transmission capabilities are significantly affected by the moisture content, which decreases from the negative electrode to the positive electrode in the OsMFC system. Increasing water flux with higher osmotic pressure and current density is therefore able to diminish the resistance of the membrane.
Cesspits as Onsite Sanitation Facilities in the Non-Sewered Palestinian Rural Areas: Users’ Satisfaction, Needs and Perception
Authors: Thaher Rehab A. , Mahmoud Nidal , Al-Khatib Issam A. , Hung Yung-Tse
Published: March 2022

The main aim of this research was to assess the problems of using cesspits in the non-sewered areas in the West Bank of Palestine by the means of a questionnaire, with a sample size of 485 households, targeting the cesspits’ owners. People who use cesspits for house onsite wastewater management are not satisfied with them, and most of them complain about high disturbance during discharge of the cesspits (75.5%). Emptying cesspits represents a financial burden, costing 6% of the households’ monthly income. The frequency of cesspits’ emptying decreases substantially when there are onsite GWTPs. People accept that constructing a house with an onsite GWTPs when supported by external funding, and to a much lesser extent when they need to fund them themselves. The majority of people prefer sewerage networks for wastewater management(74.8%), followed by onsite GWTPs (15.5%), and cesspits are the least preferable (9.5%). Therefore, a more technically sound individual home onsite wastewater management system should be applied to replace cesspits so as to solve their negative implications on the socio-economic, environmental, and health aspects in the Palestinian rural communities.
Retrofitting of Existing Bar Racks with Electrodes for Fish Protection—An Experimental Study Assessing the Effectiveness for a Pilot Site
Authors: Haug Jonas , Auer Stefan , Frees Calvin , Brinkmeier Barbara , Tutzer Ruben , Hayes Daniel S. , Aufleger Markus
Published: March 2022

Downstream-migrating fish in rivers tend to follow the main current, and are in danger of swimming through the turbines at run-of-river hydropower plants, possibly causing high mortality rates. To avoid these losses, fish must be prevented from entering the turbines. Most existing vertical bar rack systems (used for turbine protection) however usually do not ensure proper fish protection due to large bar spacings. FishProtector technology enables the retrofitting of existing bar racks (i.e., the mechanical barrier) with additional electrodes to create a hybrid barrier. The induced electric field in the water aims to create a behavioral barrier to prevent fish passage through the bar rack. In this study, ethohydraulic experiments to investigate the effect of such a behavioral barrier on fish were performed. In detail, the fish-protection rate at a bar rack with a bar spacing of 30 mm was tested in five different scenarios: (i) a bar rack without electrodes (reference), and four electrified setups with electrode spacings of (ii) 80 mm, (iii) 120 mm, (iv) 160 mm, and (v) 200 mm. A flow velocity of 0.23 m/s was chosen to replicate the situation at a planned pilot site. The study was conducted in an outdoor laboratory flume using small fish of several local riverine species, mostly cyprinids and minnows. The results show that the mean fish-protection rate in the experiments could be increased from 62% in the reference setup up to 96% in the electrified setups.
Optimization of Water Distribution Networks Using Genetic Algorithm Based SOP–WDN Program
Authors: Sangroula Uchit , Han Kuk-Heon , Koo Kang-Min , Gnawali Kapil , Yum Kyung-Taek
Published: March 2022

Water distribution networks are vital hydraulic infrastructures, essential for providing consumers with sufficient water of appropriate quality. The cost of construction, operation, and maintenance of such networks is extremely large. The problem of optimization of a water distribution network is governed by the type of water distribution network and the size of pipelines placed in the distribution network. This problem of optimal diameter allocation of pipes in a distribution network has been heavily researched over the past few decades. This study describes the development of an algorithm, ‘Smart Optimization Program for Water Distribution Networks’ (SOP–WDN), which applies genetic algorithm to the problem of the least-cost design of water distribution networks. SOP–WDN demonstrates the application of an evolutionary optimization technique, i.e., genetic algorithm, linked with a hydraulic simulation solver EPANET, for the optimal design of water distribution networks. The developed algorithm was applied to three benchmark water distribution network optimization problems and produced consistently good results. SOP–WDN can be utilized as a tool for guiding engineers during the design and rehabilitation of water distribution pipelines.
Impact of Forest Conversion to Agriculture on Hydrologic Regime in the Large Basin in Vietnam
Authors: Truong Nguyen Cung Que , Khoi Dao Nguyen , Nguyen Hong Quan , Kondoh Akihiko
Published: March 2022

Deforestation due to agricultural land expansion occurred greatly during 1994 to 2005 with a high proportion of forests being converted into agriculture in the upstream Dong Nai river basin in Vietnam. Most of these conversions included expansions of coffee plantations in Dak Lak and Lam Dong provinces, which are in the world’s Robusta coffee production area. The aim of this study is to quantify the impact on the water cycle due to the conversion of forest to coffee plantations in a tropical humid climate region by the application of a hydrological model: soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). The model was calibrated with climate data from 1980–1994, validated with climate data from 1995–2010, and verified with statistical indicators such as Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), and ratio of the root mean square error (RSR). The simulations indicated that forest conversions into agriculture (expansion of coffee plantations) had significantly increased surface runoff (SUR) while actual evapotranspiration (ET), soil water content (SW), and groundwater discharge (GW) decreased. These changes are mainly related to the decrease in infiltration and leaf area index (LAI) post land cover changes. However, the soil was not thoroughly destroyed after deforestation due to the replacement of the lost forest with crops and vegetation. Therefore, changes in infiltration were marginal and not sufficient to bring large changes in the annual flow. Higher reductions in ET and SW were proposed, resulting in reduced streamflow in the dry season at the basin where the proportion of agricultural land was higher than the forest cover. Besides the plantation expansion, which resulted in streamflow reductions in the dry season, an existing problem was over-irrigation of coffee plantations that could likely deplete groundwater resources. Hence, balancing economic benefits by coffee production and mitigating groundwater depletion issues should be prioritized for land use management in the study area.
Biological As(III) Oxidation Coupled with As(V) Interception by Fibrous Anion Exchange Material FFA-1
Authors: Wan Junfeng , Hai Rattanak , Zhang Yucong , Cui Lihui , Guo Xiaoying , Battaglia-Brunet Fabienne , Deluchat Véronique , Yuan Siguo , Huang Jiajia , Wang Yan
Published: March 2022

A combined process, including As(III) oxidation and As removal by the fibrous anion exchange material FFA-1, was established to treat arsenite ([As(III)] = 10 mg L−1)-polluted groundwater. Both fixed-bed reactors (R1 and R2) were separately filled with pozzolana and FFA-1. After 72 h of inoculation and 10 days of operation, As(III) oxidation efficiency reached around 100% and the total As in the effluent was below 10 µg L−1 for over 100 days. Then, the combined system was stopped and a desorption experiment on the FFA-1 collected from R2 was carried out. The results revealed that the As trapped by the FFA-1 was distributed linearly along the axial length of R2, and the maximum capacity for removal of the FFA-1 from R2 was about 28 mg As g−1 FFA-1. Moreover, the anions’ competing test showed that they were preferentially sequestrated by the FFA-1 according to the following order: SO42− > PO43− ≈ AsO43− > NO3− at neutral pH. Furthermore, the microorganisms attached to the FFA-1, including some arsenite-oxidizing microorganisms (AsOBs), could be a beneficial complement to the As(III) oxidation and, thus, the total As removal. At the same time, the regeneration test proved that the As(V) interception capacity of FFA-1 was barely affected by the presence of biofilm. Additionally, the calculated operating cost showed that this combined process has great potential for the remediation of As-polluted groundwater.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PRINSIP PREJUDICIEL GESCHILL DALAM PUTUSAN SELA PENGADILAN NEGERI BEKASI NOMOR: 1242/Pid.B/2018/PN.Bks Tanggal 19 November 2018
Authors: Utami Nur Agustina , Fadillah Syarif , Fauziah F
Published: March 2022

The judge as the part that decides on the case plays a very important role in determining thefuture of the law, because each judge's decision will become the center of public attention. Thejudge does not only act as a mouthpiece of the law, but the judge also acts as the inventor of the law (recht vinding). The exercise of the authority of judges in criminal proceedings in law enforcement should uphold the principles that apply in the Criminal Procedure Code in court and benefit justice seekers. in the development of criminal procedure law in Indonesia,specifically regulating the postponement of criminal proceedings related to civil cases or socalled prejudiciel geschil in Indonesia, is regulated in Article 81 of the Criminal Code whichstipulates that "Postponement of criminal prosecution develops with judicial disputes, delaysexpired ". However, if examined closely, it seems that the provisions of Article 81 of theCriminal Code only link prayer disputes with expiration, but not explicitly which will takeprecedence when civil and criminal cases are brought to court at the same time. Theunregulated court dispute has clearly made the legal vacuum (rechtsvacuum) related toprejudicieel geschil, as well as lead to dualism in judicial practices in Indonesia.
Implikasi Penyelesaian Perkara Anak Pelaku Penyalahguna Narkotika melalui Mekanisme Diversi dalam Perspektif Perlindungan Anak
Authors: Nurkholis Nurkholis , Makarao M Taofik , Mamang Damrah
Published: March 2022

In general, the definition of diversion is the transition of settlement of child cases from criminal justice processes to processes outside criminal justice. In which, the diversion processes will apply a restorative justice approach as the goal of punishment in handling cases of child drug abusers. Nowdays, punishment is not the best solution for children. Imposing imprisonment for children who commit narcotics offenses becomes lame when Law Number 11 of 2012 Concerning the Child Criminal Justice System and Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, which emphasizes the rehabilitation process for addicts and narcotics abusers, are not implemented by the authorities. law enforcer. In addition, this thesis discusses and describes the factors that cause children to abuse narcotics, law enforcement against children of narcotics abusers through diversion mechanisms, and their implications for solving cases of children who abuse narcotics from a child protection perspective. This research is a normative juridical study, where the author examines the law which is then linked to the extent to which these regulations are applied and applicable in society. The results of this study reveal the factors that cause children to become offenders of narcotics crimes, which consist of internal and external factors, then law enforcement against children of narcotics abusers through a diversion mechanism must be carried out at all levels of the legal process both at the Pre-Adjudication, Adjudication, and Post Adjudication stages. This is in accordance with the Philosophy of Child Criminal Justice, which is to realize children's welfare and avoidance of retaliation, and its implications for the settlement of cases of children who abuse narcotics from a child protection perspective in 2 Decisions

Number 53/Pid.Sus-Anak/2017/PN.Jkt.Brt, and Decision Number 47/Pid.Sus-Anak/2017/PN.Jkt.Brt, the fact is that no evidence has been found that diversion has been attempted, even though in the trial process the reference is made for the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Whereas in a case that is almost similar through the Surabaya District Court Decision Number 111/Pid.Sus-Anak/2014/PN.Sby successfully attempted by diversion, so that differences in decisions or decisions can result in legal uncertainty and harm the interests, welfare and protection of children.
Penerapan Pemberian Hak Asuh Anak Belum Mumayyiz kepada Ayah dalam (Studi Kasus Perkara Nomor 2887/Pdt.G/2017/Pa Js)
Authors: Naslah Asima , Yulianto Rohmad Adi , Zakky Moh
Published: March 2022

This study entitled the application of mumayyiz (maintaining and educating children to adults or able to stand alone) child custody rights to fathers. The formulation of the problem in this study are: (1) How is the arrangement of custody of children to children not yet mumayyiz in the Islamic Law Compilation? (2) Does the Compilation of Islamic Law also regulate the granting of unmumayyiz child custody to the father after the divorce? (3) How is the application of the provision of child custody rights to the father in case Number 2887 / Pdt.G / 2017 / PA JS? This research method is Normative Law. legal research is a method that examines document studies, namely using various data such as court decisions, legal theory, legislation and the opinions of scholars in the research location. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis method. The results of the study show that the regulation and legal basis regarding granting custody of children is not yet mumayyiz to the father which is a marriage bond between a man and a woman, but on the way to fostering a household it has broken based on the Court's decision in 2015, from the divorce has given birth. two children who are not yet mumayyiz. The occurrence of a lawsuit for child custody has not yet been filed with the Court. Where the main point of the dispute between the Plaintiff and Defendant is regarding child custody based on the provisions of Article 49 paragraph (2) number 11 of Law Number 7 of 1989, as amended by Law Number 3 of 2006 and Law Number 50 Years 2009 jo. Article 156 letter e Compilation of Islamic Law, this case is the absolute competence of the religious court. Previously the Panel of Judges had attempted to reconcile the Plaintiff and Defendant, as well as the mediation process was carried out, but it was unsuccessful, and the parties had two witnesses who gave testimony during the process. the trial which has a proof value is independent (vrij bewijs kracht). From the hadil of the research, the stages of handling cases of child custody have not been mumayyiz which decided that the child custody falls to the father to guarantee a sense of security, peace.
Pengaturan Kaidah Manajemen Risiko Atas Penawaran Saham Berbasis Teknologi Informasi (Equity Crowfunding) untuk Pengembangan UMKM di Indonesia
Authors: Bahtiar Bahtiar , Lubis Efridani , Harahap Hapendi
Published: March 2022

Indonesian Government has already put a substantial attention on the development of MSMEs (micro, small, medium enterprises) since the new order regime with regard to the huge number of businessmen and labors involved. Financial technology industry in Indonesia including ECF grows rapidly in recent years but still not supported by a specific constitutional legal standing yet. As part of financial technology products, ECF has been regulated by Indonesian Financial Services Authority in regulation No.57/POJK.04/2020. ECF becomes one of the potential funding sources option for the development of MSMEs and also one alternative for investment purposes in which the issuer offers the sales of equity directly to the investors by using the open network electronic systems. This normative juridical study is aimed to identify the regulation related to risk management, to identify risks in Indonesian ECF’s platform business and risk management regulation setting direction in the future. The aforementioned regulation did not provide risk management guidance for ECF platform. By adopting to the ECF’s platform systematic and comprehensive taxonomy of legally mitigated risks model proposed by Podar Manan et al., the researcher finds at least 12 major risk classification with 42 risk events in Indonesian ECF industry that have to be mentioned and mitigated by the ECF platform. Investors in ECF platforms are exposed to at least 10 risk classification that also have to be considered. Especially for legal risk issues, the researcher identifies at least 11 risk events along with its mitigation initiatives which can be used as reference for the ECF platform.
NGHIÊN CỨU HOẠT TÍNH KHÁNG OXY HÓA VÀ KHÁNG KHUẨN CỦA CHIẾT XUẤT ETHANOL TỪ TẢO LỤC (Caulerpa racemosa) TẠI TỈNH KIÊN GIANG
Authors: Phúc Nguyễn Hoàng , Huê Nguyễn Thị Kim , Mến Trần Thanh
Published: March 2022

Chiết xuất ethanol từ tảo lục Caulerpa racemosa được thu thập tại Hòn Sơn, tỉnh Kiên Giang bước đầu được khảo sát thành phần hóa học, đánh giá hoạt tính kháng oxy hoá và kháng khuẩn. Hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa của chiết xuất được xác định bằng phương pháp DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-Azinobis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), phosphomolypdenum và khử sắt RP (Reducing power). Kết quả khảo sát cho thấy, chiết xuất Caulerpa racemosa thể hiện hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa tốt nhất ở hai phương pháp ABTS và phosphomolypdenum với các giá trị EC50 lần lượt là 174±3,48 µg/mL, 206±1,07 µg/mL. Hoạt tính kháng vi khuẩn được khảo sát trên sáu chủng vi khuẩn gây bệnh trên người. Kết quả đã chứng minh chiết xuất có hiệu quả trong hoạt động kháng khuẩn trên bốn chủng vi khuẩn Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Listeria innocua, và Staphylococcus aureus. Bên cạnh đó, nghiên cứu còn ghi nhận hàm lượng phenolic và flavonoid tổng số trong chiết xuất lần lượt là 56,7±2,34 mg GAE/g chiết xuất và 128±2,69 mg QE/g chiết xuất. Từ các kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, tảo lục Caulerpa racemosa có tiềm năng ứng dụng trong dược phẩm cũng như thực phẩm.
TỐI ƯU HÓA QUY TRÌNH PHÁT HIỆN VI KHUẨN Salmonella spp. GÂY BỆNH TRÊN THỰC PHẨM BẰNG KỸ THUẬT LAMP (LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION)
Authors: Phương Nguyễn Phạm Trúc , Hương Đoàn Thị Quỳnh , Lượng Nguyễn Văn
Published: March 2022

Việc phát hiện sớm và nhanh các mầm bệnh trên thực phẩm do vi khuẩn Salmonella gây ra sẽ giúp kiểm soát được thực phẩm bẩn trên thị trường. Vì vậy, trong nghiên cứu này đã xây dựng quy trình phát hiện Salmonella trong các loại thực phẩm bằng kỹ thuật LAMP để phát hiện nhanh và chính xác các chủng vi khuẩn Salmonella spp. dựa trên bộ mồi invA2 chuyên biệt cho vùng gen invA của vi khuẩn Salmonella. Sau quá trình tối ưu các thành phần và điều kiện cần thiết như tỉ lệ mồi F3B3/FIPBIP 200Nm/1600nM (1:8), nồng độ Betaine 0,8M, nhiệt độ 63oC và thời gian là 45 phút, quy trình LAMP phát hiện Salmonella spp. có độ đặc hiệu kỹ thuật 100%, độ nhạy kỹ thuật trên nồng độ DNA là 5pg/phản ứng; độ nhạy kỹ thuật của LAMP trên chủng khuẩn là 4,1x101CFU/ml. Độ nhạy của xét nghiệm LAMP được so sánh với phản ứng realtime PCR.
HỆ THỐNG PHÂN LOẠI BƯU PHẨM TỰ ĐỘNG DỰA TRÊN CÔNG NGHỆ AI
Authors: Hằng Vũ Thúy
Published: March 2022

Trong bài báo này, hệ thống phân loại bưu phẩm tự động được xây dựng dựa trên công nghệ AI nhằm tối ưu hóa quá trình phân loại sản phẩm, giảm tỉ lệ sai sót do nguyên nhân từ con người, giảm chi phí nhân công, rút ngắn thời gian giao hàng trong lĩnh vực logistic. Từ đó góp phần giúp các doanh nghiệp logistics tiết kiệm được chi phí, nâng cao chất lượng dịch vụ. Kết quả của hệ thống xây dựng bao gồm bộ phận nhận diện chữ in trên bao bì bưu phẩm để phân loại bưu phẩm theo địa chỉ, bộ phận xe tự hành AGV (Automatically Guided Vehicle) được điều khiển từ bộ phận AI thông qua kết nối WI-FI thực hiện vận chuyển bưu phẩm về từng khoang hàng cố định. Ngoài ra, hệ thống còn có phần mềm theo dõi có chức năng hiển thị vị trí xe tự hành, vị trí các kho hàng cũng như số lượng bưu phẩm trên từng khoang hàng.
ĐIỀU KHIỂN ĐIỆN ÁP BỘ CHUYỂN ĐỔI BUCK-BOOST SỬ DỤNG ĐIỀU KHIỂN TRƯỢT DỰA VÀO MẶT TRƯỢT PI
Authors: Tùng Phạm Thanh , Đức Lê Thanh Quang
Published: March 2022

Bài báo này trình bày phương pháp thiết kế bộ điều khiển trượt dựa vào mặt trượt tích phân tỷ lệ cho bộ chuyển đổi Buck-Boost. Phương pháp điều khiển trượt xuất hiện như một công cụ hiệu quả để giải quyết sự không chắc chắn và nhiễu ngoài trong hầu hết các hệ thống thực tế và là một trong các phương pháp điều khiển hồi tiếp bền vững. Tuy nhiên, một trong những nhược điểm của điều khiển trượt là hiện tượng dao động tần số cao (chattering) quanh mặt trượt. Bài báo này sử dụng điều khiển trượt kết hợp với mặt trượt tích phân tỷ lệ để khắc phục hiện tượng chattering. Phương pháp đề xuất được kiểm chứng để điều khiển bám điện áp bộ chuyển đổi Buck-Boost. Kết quả mô phỏng với MATLAB/Simulink cho thấy hiệu quả của phương pháp đề xuất được so sánh với điều khiển trượt mô hình nội và điều khiển PID với thời gian tăng đạt 0,0022(s), độ vọt lố hội tụ về 0, sai số xác lập là 0,014(s), thời gian xác lập là 0,0041(s).
HIỆU QUẢ CỦA VIỆC BỔ SUNG BỘT CÂY RẺ QUẠT (Belamcanda chinensis) VÀO KHẨU PHẦN ĂN TRONG PHÒNG BỆNH ĐƯỜNG TIÊU HÓA VÀ HÔ HẤP CHO GÀ
Authors: Duyên Dương Thị Hồng , Thùy Phạm Diệu , Thắng Trần Nhật
Published: March 2022

Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của việc bổ sung Rẻ quạt vào khẩu phần ăn trong chăn nuôi gà thịt. Khẩu phần ăn của gà thịt lai Hồ giai đoạn từ 30 – 100 ngày tuổi được bổ sung bột Rẻ quạt với tỷ lệ 0,25% và 0,5%, gà ở lô đối chứng ở cùng độ tuổi không bổ sung Rẻ quạt với khẩu phần ăn tương tự nhau. Kết quả cho thấy, việc bổ sung với tỷ lệ 0,25% và 0,5% bột Rẻ quạt trong khẩu phần cho gà có hiệu quả tương tự nhau trong phòng trị bệnh. Bột Rẻ quạt bổ sung vào khẩu phần ăn cho gà thịt không chỉ hạn chế được tỷ lệ mắc bệnh đường hô hấp và đường tiêu hóa ở gà mà còn giảm số ngày điều trị ở các giai đoạn tuổi (P < 0,05). Gà ăn khẩu phần ăn có bổ sung Rẻ quạt có sinh trưởng tích lũy cao hơn so với gà đối chứng từ 99,6 - 112,6 g/ con. Rẻ quạt không làm ảnh hưởng đến các chỉ tiêu sinh lý máu của gà.
ĐIỀU KHIỂN TRƯỢT DỰA VÀO BỘ QUAN SÁT NHIỄU VÀ CHẾ ĐỘ QUASI HỆ THỐNG BỒN ĐÔI TƯƠNG TÁC
Authors: Tùng Phạm Thanh , Ngôn Nguyễn Chí
Published: March 2022

Bài báo này trình bày phương pháp thiết kế bộ điều khiển trượt dựa vào bộ quan sát nhiễu và chế độ Quasi hệ thống bồn đôi tương tác. Điều khiển mức chất lỏng trong một hệ thống bồn chứa là sự quan tâm lớn trong các ngành công nghiệp chế biến như dầu khí, nhà máy lọc dầu, hóa chất, công nghiệp giấy, các ngành công nghiệp xử lý nước. Bộ điều khiển trượt đảm bảo vị trí mức chất lỏng thực tế bám theo vị trí mong muốn trong thời gian hữu hạn. Bộ quan sát nhiễu sẽ ước lượng nhiễu và thành phần không chắc chắn và phương pháp bù sẽ được thực hiện trong điều khiển hồi tiếp. Chế độ trượt Quasi được sử dụng để khắc phục hiện tượng chattering trong điều khiển trượt. Các kết quả mô phỏng với MATLAB/Simulink cho thấy hiệu quả của bộ điều khiển đề xuất và được so sánh với bộ điều khiển mờ, PID-mờ, điều khiển thích nghi mô hình tham chiếu tối ưu mờ dựa vào các luật Lyapunov và điều khiển trượt sử dụng tích hợp điều kiện với độ vọt lố là 0(%), thời gian tăng đạt 0,3183(s), thời gian xác lập là 0,5102(s) và sai số xác lập bị triệt tiêu.
Prevention of Recurrent Respiratory Diseases in Children with Microaspiration Syndrome
Authors: Ильченко С.И. , Фиалковская А.А. , Можейко Т.В.
Published: March 2022

Цель. Изучить эффективность применения респираторного (для верхних дыхательных путей) пробиотика Бактоблис (Streptococcus salivarius K12) для профилактики рекуррентных респираторных заболеваний у детей с синдромом микроаспирации.Материалы и методы. Изучены и проанализированы клинические и бактериологические данные до и после применения респираторного пробиотика в группе детей с микроаспирационным синдромом, имеющих в анамнезе рекуррентные респираторные заболевания.Результаты и обсуждение. Применение пробиотика Бактоблис (Streptococcus salivarius K12) у детей с микроаспирационным синдромом оказало выраженный положительный эффект на микробиом слизистых оболочек верхних дыхательных путей; уменьшилась частота респираторных заболеваний и их продолжительность.Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о возможности применения Бактоблис (Streptococcus salivarius K12) у детей с синдромом микроаспирации для профилактики рекуррентных инфекций респираторного тракта.

Purpose. To study the effectiveness of respiratory probiotic Bactoblis (Streptococcus salivarius K12) for prevention of recurrent respiratory diseases in children with microaspiration syndrome.Materials and methods. Clinical and bacteriological data were studied and analyzed before and after use of respiratory probiotic in groups of children with microaspiration syndromes, who have a history of recurrent respiratory diseases.Results and discussion. The use of the probiotic Bactoblis (Streptococcus salivarius K12) in children with microaspiration syndrome had a pronounced positive effect on the microbiome of the up- per respiratory tract, which was characterized by decrease of the frequency and duration of acute respiratory diseases.Conclusion. The results indicate the possibility of using Bactoblis (Streptococcus salivarius K12) in children with microaspiration syndrome for prevention of recurrent respiratory diseases.
Prospective Study of Prognostic Effectiveness of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Authors: Хоружик С.А. , Жаврид Э.А.
Published: March 2022

Цель исследования – определить эффективность МРТ с диффузионно-взвешенным исследованием (МРТ-ДВИ) при прогнозировании степени регрессии опухолей и выжива-емости пациентов с различными морфологическими вариантами неходжкинских лимфом (НХЛ). В исследование включены 103 пациента, которым выполнили МРТ-ДВИ всего тела до начала и после завершения химиотерапии (ХТ), МРТ-ДВИ целевых поражений – после 1-го, перед и после 2-го курсов ХТ. Установлено, что количественные показатели МРТ-ДВИ – измеряемый коэффициент диффузии (ИКД) и размер целевых поражений – до начала лечения и их изменение после 1-го курса ХТ прогнозируют степень регрессии опухолей после завершения ХТ и выживаемость пациентов. Определены наиболее эффективные прогности-ческие показатели при агрессивных, индолентных НХЛ и диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфоме (ДВКЛ). Прогностическая эффективность количественных показателей МРТ-ДВИ выше, чем исследованных клинических показателей (стадия, агрессивность, поражение костного мозга). На основе сочетания показателей размера целевых поражений до начала лечения и изменения ИКД после 1-го курса ХТ пациенты разделены на три группы прогноза (хороший, промежуточный и плохой). При всех НХЛ 5-летняя общая выживаемость в группах хорошего, промежуточного и плохого прогноза составила 95, 79 и 57% соответственно (р=0,008), при агрессивных НХЛ – 93, 78 и 52% (р=0,005), при ДВКЛ – 88, 80 и 50% (р=0,037) соответственно.

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of diffusion-weighted MRI (MRI-DWI) in predicting tumor response and survival of patients with different morphological variants of non- Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The study included 103 patients, who underwent whole body MRI-DWI before and after completion of chemotherapy (ChT), target lesions MRI-DWI after the 1st, before and after the 2nd courses of ChT. It was found that the quantitative parameters of MRI-DWI such as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the size of the target lesions before the start of treatment and their change after the 1st course of ChT predict tumor response after the completion of ChT and patient survival. The most effective prognostic parameters for aggressive, indolent NHL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were determined. The predictive efficiency of MRI-DWI is higher than that of the studied clinical parameters (stage, aggressiveness, bone marrow involvement). By combining the size of the target lesions before the start of treatment and change of ADC after the 1st course of ChT, the patients were divided into three prognosis groups. In all NHL, the 5-year overall survival in the groups of good, intermediate, and poor prognosis was 95, 79 and 57%, respectively (p=0.008); in aggressive NHL – 93, 78 and 52% (p=0.005); in DLBCL – 88, 80 and 50% (p=0.037).
Effect of Preparations К-26 and K-26-v on the Tumor Sarcoma 45 in the Early and Late Period in Comparison with Cisplatin and Cyclophosphan
Authors: Еникеева З.М. , Агзамова Н.А. , Абдирова А.Ч. , Ибрагимов А.А. , Салихов Ф.С. , Ярашева Н.И. , Саидходжаева С.С. , Рахимов О.А. , Тилляшайхов М.Н.
Published: March 2022

Цель исследования. Оценка противоопухолевой активности новых препаратов К-26-в и К-26 на животных с опухолевым штаммом Саркома 45 в раннем и позднем периодах в сравнении с цисплатином и циклофосфаном.Материалы и методы. Изучение выполнено на 48 беспородных крысах с перевиваемой опухолью С-45, которым вводили препараты на 4-й или 14-й день после перевивки опухоли: К-26-в 4- и 8-кратно, К-26, цисплатин и циклофосфан вводили 8-кратно. Оценку результатов проводили по стандартным критериям: торможение роста опухоли (ТРО), масса тела и селезенки животных. Достоверными считали различия при р<0,05.Результаты. Противоопухолевая активность препаратов К-26-в и К-26 на опухолевом штамме Саркома 45 в раннем периоде была высокой – порядка 98/96% с уровнем ремиссий 80–60%. При лечении развившихся опухолей активность К-26-в была ниже, чем при раннем введении: при 4-кратном применении – 84/87%, при 8-кратном введении – 60/69%. Его эффект был выше действия К-26 и цисплатина и близок к эффекту циклофосфана, однако при снижении уровня побочных эффектов.Заключение. Изучение нового препарата К-26-в на животных с опухолью Саркома 45 выявило его высокую активность при лечении опухолей в раннем периоде, практически одинаковую с К-26. В позднем периоде активность К-26-в на 15–12% ниже, чем в раннем периоде, и выше в сравнении сисходным К-26, цисплатином и циклофосфаном. Выявлено, что 4-кратное применение К-26-в оказывает более значительное действие, которое будет предлагаться для клинических испытаний.

Purpose. Assessment of antineoplastic activity of new preparation К-26-v on animals with tumoral strain Sarcoma 45 in the late period in comparison with cisplatin and cyclophosphan.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 26 outbred rats with transplantable tumor С-45, to which the preparations were administered on the 14th day after transplantation of tumors: К-26-v – 4 and 8 times; К-26, cisplatin, and cyclophosphan – 8 times. Assessment of the results was conducted according to standard criteria: tumor growth inhibition (TGI), weight of the body and the spleen of animals. The reliable differences were considered the ones in р<0.05.Results. Antineoplastic activity of the preparation К-26-v on the tumoral strain Sarcoma 45 was high in the dose 12 mg/kg in 4-fold introduction: the level TGI=84/87%. Its action in 8-fold introduction was lower. Its effect was above the action of К-26 and cisplatin and close to the effect of cyclophosphan with decrease of side-effects.Conclusion. Studying the new preparation К-26-v on animals with the tumor Sarcoma 45 has revealed its more evident activity in comparison with initial К-26 and in comparison with cisplatin and cyclophosphan.
Effect of the New Antitumor Drug Colchicinol-2 (K-26-v) on the Immunity
Authors: Еникеева З.М. , Салихов Ф.С. , Ибрагимов А.А. , Мирахмедова Н.Н. , Залялиева М.В.
Published: March 2022

Исследования воздействия на уровень и соотношение параметров иммунного статуса противоопухолевого препарата К-26-в были проведены в продуктивную фазу иммунного ответа после 8-кратного введения К-26-в животным с опухолью. Показано, что К-26-в вызывает стимуляцию рецепторов СD16 (естественные киллерные клетки) и СD3-лимфоцитов, кото-рые были несколько повышены относительно контроля, незначительную стимуляцию СD95 (рецепторы апоптоза). Не отмечено достоверных различий в экспрессии рецепторов СD19 (В-лимфоциты). Однако препарат К-26-в вызывает ингибицию рецепторов СD4 (хелперы) (р<0,05). В целом влияние на иммунитет, проявляющееся в некотором снижении рецепторов СD4, СD8 и СD19 препаратом К-26-в, не предполагает выраженного сбоя иммунитета при его применении в клинике.

Researches of the influence of antineoplastic preparation К-26-v on the level and ratio of the parameters of the immune status were conducted in the productive phase of the immune response after 8-fold introduction of К-26-v to animals with tumor. It was showed that К-26-v causes stimulation of the receptors СD16 (natural killer cells) and СD3-lymphocytes that were a little raised in relation to the control, insignificant stimulation of СD95 (apoptosis receptors). There were no significant differences in the expression of the receptors СD19 (B-lymphocytes). However, the preparation К-26-v causes inhibition of the receptors СD4 (helpers) (р<0.05). Generally, the influence on the immunity, manifested in some decrease of the receptors СD4, СD8, and СD19 with the preparation К-26-v, does not imply the expressed failure of the immunity in its use in the clinic.
Clinical Aspects of Local Application of Ultralow Temperatures as a Method of Ablation of Liver and Pancreatic Malignancies (Literature Review)
Authors: Козачук Е.С. , Щигель И.А. , Стрилец Е.А.
Published: March 2022

Сверхнизкие температуры в качестве локального метода абляции злокачественных новообразований успешно применяются во многих мировых клиниках в течение нескольких десятилетий. Данный метод получил название криогенной абляции, или криоабляции. Преимущества криогенной абляции: деструкция заданного объема патологического очага с четкой демаркацией зоны некроза и ее биологической инертностью, гемостаз, отсутствие выраженного болевого синдрома, безопасность применения в непосредственной близости к крупным кровеносным сосудам, противоопухолевая иммуностимуляция, возможность комбинированного применения с другими методами лечения, активная регенерация без формирования грубых рубцов, многократность циклов, простота в применении. Основным показанием к локальному применению сверхнизких температур при лечении злокачественных новообразований печени является циторедукция опухолевых очагов с целью локального контроля опухолевого роста, уменьшения стадии онкопроцесса, конверсии в резектабельное состояние и, как следствие, улучшения отдаленных результатов лечения пациентов, которые на момент обращения за специализированной медицинской помощью не подлежат радикальному хирургическому лечению.

Ultra-low temperatures, as a local method of malignant neoplasms ablation, have been successfully used in many clinics worldwide for several decades. This method is called cryogenic ablation or cryoablation. The advantages of cryogenic ablation are the following: destruction of appropriate volume of the pathological focus with the demarcation of the necrosis zone and its biologicalinertness, hemostasis, absence of pronounced pain syndrome, safety of use closely to large blood vessels, anti-tumor immunostimulation, possibility of combined use with other methods of treatment, active regeneration without formation of rough scars, multiple cycles, easy to use. The main indication for local application of ultra-low temperatures in treatment of malignant hepatic and pancreatic neoplasms is cytoreduction of tumor foci for local tumor control, reduction of the stage of the oncological process, conversion to resectable state, and, as a consequence, improvement of the 5-year survival of patients, who have contraindications for radical surgical treatment at time of medical care request.
Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis E Virus in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Давыдов В.В. , Жаворонок С.В. , Анисько Л.А. , Гасич Е.Л. , Марчук С.И. , Семижон П.А. , Потемкин И.В. , Карлсен А.А. , Кюрегян К.К. , Михайлов М.И. , Алаторцева Г.И. , Красочко П.А. , Борисовец Д.С. , Прокопенкова Т.М.
Published: March 2022

Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение генетического полиморфизма штаммов вирусного гепатита Е (ВГЕ), выделенных из организма человека и животных в Республике Беларусь. Образцы биологического материала от 97 пациентов, 79 свиней, 28 диких кабанов, 40 оленей, 359 кроликов использовали для обнаружения РНК ВГЕ при помощи ПЦР-анализа. Выделенные нуклеотидные последовательности (n=9) подвергли процедуре секвенирования и филогенетическому анализу. Построена модель эволюционных отношений для последовательностей, кодирующих фрагмент белка капсида вируса. Изученные последовательности распределились по двум основным кладам субгенотипов 3-го генотипа вируса. В пределах клады«3abchij» кластеризуется 5 из 9 изученных последовательностей, а в кладе «3efg» – 2 изученных изолята. Последовательности, выделенные из организма кроликов, с вероятностью 94% образуют отдельную кладу дендрограммы в пределах 3-го генотипа. Изученные нуклеотидные последовательности ВГЕ, выделенные из организма человека и животных, кластеризуются с референсными последовательностями 3c, 3f, 3i и 3ra субгенотипов. Доказана возможность завоза ВГЕ в Республику Беларусь с территории Западной Европы и Российской Федерации, а также существование аутохтонных случаев заболевания ВГЕ, имеющих зоонозную природу.

The objective of this research was to study the genetic diversity of hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains obtained from humans and animals in Belarus. Samples of biological material from 97 patients, 79 pigs, 28 wild boars, 40 deer, 359 rabbits were tested for HEV RNA in RT-PCR. The obtained nucleotide sequences (n=9) were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. A model of evolutionary relationships for the sequences encoding a fragment of the viral capsid protein was constructed. The sequences from this study split up between the two main clades of subgenotypes of the viral genotype 3. Within the “3abchij” clade, 5 of the 9 studied sequences were clustered, and within the “3efg” clade 2 studied isolates were the subject to clustering. The sequences from rabbits formed a separate clade on dendrogram within the genotype 3 with a probability of 94%. The studied HEV nucleotide sequences obtained from humans and animals were clustered with subgenotype reference sequences 3c, 3f, 3i, and 3ra. The possibility of HEV import to the Republic of Belarus from Western Europe and the Russian Federation, as well as existence of autochthonous zoonotic cases of HEV infection have been proved.
Revisión del género Agave en Venezuela: Variación de la diversidad
Authors: Rodríguez José Rafael , Díaz-de-Arends Miriam , Wingfield† Robert
Published: March 2022

El objeto primordial del presente estudio fue elaborar un catálogo preliminar de las especies de Agave que confluyen como cultivadas y de manera natural que se registraron luego de la búsqueda en campo y revisión en el herbario. Se realizó la descripción y caracterización que muestran las similitudes y diferencias respecto a especies determinadas en otros países, con claves realizadas por el botánico Robert Wingfield (Wingf.), lo que permitió elaborar un catálogo florístico exhaustivo y representativo del género Agave, debido a que existen muchas identificaciones tentativas o genéricas en algunos pliegos de herbarios, en Venezuela. La investigación se realizó en bosques xerofíticos de Falcón. En la región semiárida están presentes algunas especies con distribución restringida para el caribe, descritas en tiempo reciente y en el pasado (novedades  taxonómicas), y  también  se  localizan  algunas  novedades corológicas. Las claves para diferenciar los ejemplares estudiados, fueron cotejadas  con las descripciones de Wingfield (2018).
Procedimiento de agrupación de estudiantes según riesgo de abandono para mejorar la gestión estudiantil en educación superior
Authors: Hinojosa Mauricio , Derpich Iván , Alfaro Miguel , Ruete David , Caroca Alejandro , Gatica Gustavo
Published: March 2022

La compleja problemática del abandono estudiantil representa una oportunidad para la aplicación de la tecnología y métodos de la minería de datos en educación superior. El objetivo de esta investigación es obtener el perfil de los estudiantes en riesgo de abandono y así generar planes de gestión estudiantil que impacten sobre las variables que explican esta situación. Para esto se propone utilizar una estructura metodológica CRISP-DM, aplicando herramientas estadísticas y del aprendizaje automático no supervisado. El análisis, de tipo transversal, se realizó sobre un universo de estudiantes de primer año en jornada diurna, en una universidad privada chilena. Las variables sociodemográficas y de comportamiento utilizadas, se basaron en la teoría sobre deserción y juicio de expertos, y los datos se obtuvieron de los registros históricos disponibles en la Institución. Para obtener las variables que más influían en el abandono se realizaron análisis de correlación y de componentes principales. La aplicación del clustering jerárquico aglomerativo y la técnica de conjuntos aproximados produjeron cuatro perfiles de estudiantes con sus reglas de asociación respectivas y cinco variables académicas que permitieron diseñar un sistema de apoyo para disminuir el abandono y fomentar la retención.