bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of thyroid function in euthyroid and children with subclinical hypothyroidism using a multivariate homeostatic model
Authors: Giannakopoulos Aristeidis , Efthymiadou Alexandra , Kritikou Dimitra , Chrysis Dionisios
Published: August 2023

Background

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is biochemically defined by increased TSH, and normal thyroid hormones and its management is a matter of debate. Herein, we investigated thyroid function in euthyroid and children with SH using published data from population-based curves and a structure parameter inference approach (SPINA) model.

Methods

The study included 179 children and adolescents with SH and 311 healthy controls. The predicted and calculated secretory capacity of thyroid gland (SPINA-GT) was calculated in all euthyroid children divided into quartiles according to TSH values, and in children with SH, further subcategorized into those with mild SH (TSH: 4.5 – 10 mIU/L) and severe SH (TSH > 10 mIU/L).

Results

Calculated SPINA-GT values decreased significantly (P < 0.001) from the 1stto the 2ndquartile of normal TSH values in euthyroid children. It was also significantly decreased in mild SH compared to euthyroid children with TSH values within the upper 2 quartiles of TSH range and in severe SH compared to mild SH.

Conclusions

The implementation of SPINA model for thyroid function gives a wider perspective of thyroid gland’s performance within the euthyroid range of TSH, as well as in SH and add to the discussion for the long-term effects of SH and its management.
Genetic Insights into the Microevolutionary Dynamics and Early Introductions of Human Monkeypox Virus in Mexico
Authors: Gómez-Sánchez Israel , Castelán-Sánchez Hugo G. , Martínez-Castilla León P. , Hurtado-Ramírez Juan Manuel , López-Leal Gamaliel
Published: August 2023

The recent global outbreak of Monkeypox, caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPVX) emerged in Europe in 2022 and rapidly spread to over 40 countries. The Americas are currently facing the highest impact, reporting over 50,000 cases by early 2023. Here, we analyze 880 MPXV isolates worldwide to gain insights into the evolutionary patterns and initial introduction events of the virus in Mexico. We found that MPXV entered Mexico on multiple occasions, from the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Canada, and subsequently spread locally in different regions of Mexico. Additionally, we show that MPXV has an open pangenome, highlighting the role of gene turnover in shaping its genomic diversity, rather than SNPs variations, which do not contribute significantly to genome diversity. Although the genome presents multiple SNP sites in coding regions, these remain under purifying selection, suggesting their evolutionary conservation. One notable exception is the amino acid site 63 of the protein encoded by the Cop-A4L gene, intricately related to viral maturity, for which we picked up a strong signal of positive selection. Ancestral state reconstruction deduced that the ancestral state at site 63 corresponds to the amino acid valine, present only in isolates of clade I. However, the isolates of the current outbreak evolved for threonine at site 63. Finally, our findings contribute to the knowledge of the evolutionary processes of the Monkeypox virus.
Skipping without and with hurdles in bipedal macaque: Global mechanics
Authors: Blickhan Reinhard , Andrada Emanuel , Hirasaki Eishi , Ogihara Naomichi
Published: August 2023

Macaques trained to perform bipedally used running gaits across a wide range of speed. At higher speeds they preferred unilateral skipping (galloping). The same asymmetric stepping pattern was used while hurdling across two low obstacles placed at the distance of a stride within our experimental track. In bipedal macaques during skipping, we expected a differential use of the trailing and leading legs. The present study investigated global properties of the effective and virtual leg, the location of the virtual pivot point (VPP), and the energetics of the center of mass (CoM), with the aim of clarifying the differential leg operation during skipping in bipedal macaques. Macaques skipping displayed minor double support and aerial phases during one stride. Asymmetric leg use indicated by differences in leg kinematics. Axial damping and tangential leg work did not influence the indifferent peak ground reaction forces and impulses, but resulted in a lift of the CoM during contact of the leading leg. The aerial phase was largely due to the use of the double support. Hurdling amplified the differences. Here, higher ground reaction forces combined with increased double support provided the vertical impulse to overcome the hurdles. Following CoM dynamics during a stride skipping and hurdling represented bouncing gaits. The elevation of the VPP of bipedal macaques resembled that of human walking and running in the trailing and leading phases, respectively. Due to anatomical restrictions, macaque unilateral skipping differs from that of humans, and may represent an intermediate gait between grounded and aerial running.
Is It There? - Estimating The Invasion of Armoured Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys Sp.) in the Water Bodies of Eastern Ghats, India Using eDNA Approach
Authors: Ganguly Neeldeep , Umapathy Govindhaswamy
Published: August 2023

1.

Early detection of invasive species is crucial for effective control of the potential damage they can inflict on the ecosystems. In contrast to the many limitations that traditional detection methods like visual surveys and netting hold, the use of environmental DNA assay provides a powerful alternative. This non-invasive, highly sensitive, and user-friendly technique offers the advantage of detecting invasive species even in areas where direct observation is challenging, thus addressing the shortcomings of traditional techniques and enhancing overall accuracy in estimating distribution. The spread of invasivePterygoplichthys sp. has become a cause for concern in biodiversity-rich countries like India. Despite this, comprehensive studies on the prevalence of this invasive species are limited. The Eastern Ghats of India remain underexplored with a high potential for supporting diverse lifeforms. Studying the extent of biological invasions in the Eastern Ghats is very essential for effective conservation management to mitigate the ecological and socioeconomic impacts of invasive species. In this study, we have designed and optimised an eDNA-based quantitative PCR assay to map the presence and spread of invasivePterygoplichthys sp. in selected freshwater ecosystems of the Eastern Ghats. With this assay, we detected invasivePterygoplichthys spin almost 65% of the total locations sampled. This study can be further extended to larger geographical areas, which in turn can contribute in formulating necessary measures by the authorities to manage invasion and conserve the diversity of the freshwater ecosystem.
Deep metric learning for few-shot X-ray image classification
Authors: Prokop Jakub , Tordera Javier Montalt , Jaworek-Korjakowska Joanna , Mohammadi Sadegh
Published: August 2023

Deep learning models have proven the potential to aid professionals with medical image analysis, including many image classification tasks. However, the scarcity of data in medical imaging poses a significant challenge, as the limited availability of diverse and comprehensive datasets hinders the development and evaluation of accurate and robust imaging algorithms and models. Few-shot learning approaches have emerged as a potential solution to address this issue. In this research, we propose to deploy the Generalized Metric Learning Model for Few-Shot X-ray Image Classification. The model comprises a feature extractor to embed images into a lower-dimensional space and a distance-based classifier for label assignment based on the relative distance of these embeddings. We extensively evaluate the model using various pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and vision transformers (ViTs) as feature extractors. We also assess the performance of the commonly used distance-based classifiers in several few-shot settings. Finally, we analyze the potential to adapt the feature encoders to the medical domain with both supervised and self-supervised frameworks. Our model achieves 0.689 AUROC in 2-way 5-shot COVID-19 recognition task when combined with REMEDIS (Robust and Efficient Medical Imaging with Self-supervision) domain-adapted model as feature extractor, and 0.802 AUROC in 2-way 5-shot tuberculosis recognition task with domain-adapted DenseNet-121 model. Moreover, the simplicity and flexibility of our approach allows for easy improvement in the feature, either by incorporating other few-shot methods or new, powerful architectures into the pipeline.
Relative cost of counselling compared to supplementary foods for acute malnutrition: a time and motion study in Nairobi Kenya
Authors: Mutoro Antonina N. , Grieve Eleanor , Garcia Ada L. , Wright Charlotte
Published: August 2023

Aims

We aimed to describe the relative cost of supplying supplementary food, compared to counselling, in children with acute malnutrition managed in one urban area.

Method

A cross-sectional costing study was undertaken. Interviews with staff and time-and-motion observations of children with acute malnutrition and their carers attending 6 ambulatory nutrition treatment centres in Nairobi were conducted to assess the time nutritionists spent treating acute malnutrition and managing ready to use food supplies. Kenyan standard pay rates ($) were used to calculate the monthly staff cost of reviewing each child and speaking to their parent. These were compared to the published cost of purchasing daily ready to use food sachets.

Results

Consultations with 32 children were observed, 3-8 per clinic. Staff spent mean (SD) 9.84 (4.9) minutes seeing each child, of which at most only 3.5 (2.0) minutes were spent counselling the family. With an hourly pay rate of $4.87, the median (IQR) contact and dispensing cost per child visit was $0.77 (0.49-1.16). The cost of RUF was estimated to be $7.84 for a month’s treatment, giving a total treatment cost of $8.61 per child per month. If ready to use food was not prescribed and more staff time purchased instead, this would pay for 1.6 hours staff time per child per month.

Conclusions

Very little time was spent speaking to mothers of malnourished children and supplies of ready to use food represented 91% of total treatment costs.
Excellent recanalization and small core volumes are associated with favorable AMPAC score in patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion
Authors: Yedavalli Vivek , Koneru Manisha , Hoseinyazdi Meisam , Copeland Karen , Xu Risheng , Luna Licia , Caplan Justin , Dmytriw Adam , Guenego Adrien , Heit Jeremy , Albers Gregory , Wintermark Max , Gonzalez Fernando , Urrutia Victor , Huang Judy , Leigh Richard , Marsh Elisabeth , Llinas Rafael , Gonzalez Hernandez Marlis , Hillis Argye
Published: August 2023

Background and aim

Acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) is a major cause of functional dependence, an important determinant of discharge disposition. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of pretreatment and interventional parameters as predictors of favorable Activity Measure for Post Acute Care (AMPAC) scores for optimal discharge planning.

Methods

In this retrospective multicenter analysis, inclusion criteria were as follows: a) CT angiography (CTA) confirmed LVO from 9/1/2017 to 9/22/2022; b) diagnostic CT perfusion; and c) available AMPAC scores. Patients were then dichotomized into favorable and unfavorable AMPAC for analysis. A multivariate logistic regression was performed using specific variables that were clinically relevant and significant on univariate regression analyses. A receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis was then performed to assess the diagnostic performance of the logistic regression model. A p value of <= 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

In total, 229 patients (mean +-SD 70.65 +-15.2 [55.9% female]) met our inclusion criteria. Favorable AMPAC patients were younger (61.3 versus 70.7, p < 0.0001), had lower admission glucose (mean, 124.19 versus 136.83, p = 0.042), lower blood urea nitrogen (mean, 15.59 versus 19.11, p = 0.0009), and lower admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (mean, 10.58 versus 16.15, p < 0.0001). Multivariate regression analyses revealed age, admission NIHSS, relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) < 30% volume, and modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score to be independent predictors of favorable AMPAC (p<0.047 for all predictors). ROC analysis of the combined model revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (IQR 0.75 - 0.86).

Conclusion

Excellent recanalization, smaller core volumes, younger age and lower stroke severity independently predict favorable outcomes as measured by AMPAC. Our study further emphasizes the significance of minimizing core volume and aiming for excellent recanalization in order to optimize discharge disposition in AIS-LVO patients.
Structure of full-length ERGIC-53 in complex with MCFD2 for cargo transport
Authors: Watanabe Satoshi , Kise Yoshiaki , Yonezawa Kento , Inoue Mariko , Shimizu Nobutaka , Nureki Osamu , Inaba Kenji
Published: August 2023

ERGIC-53 is a cargo receptor that promotes the transport of certain subsets of newly synthesized secretory proteins and membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus (GA)1,2. Despite numerous structural and functional studies since its identification, the overall architecture and mechanism of action of this cargo receptor in its full-length form remain unclear. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of full-length ERGIC-53 in complex with its functional partner MCFD2. These structures, in combination with SEC-MALS/SAXS analysis, reveal that ERGIC-53 exists as a homotetramer, not a homohexamer as previously suggested, and comprises a four-leaf clover-like head structure and a long stalk composed of three sets of four-helix coiled-coil followed by a transmembrane (TM) domain. The tetrameric head of ERGIC-53 consists of the vertically assembled carbohydrate recognition domains and the central four-helix coiled-coil. 3D variability analysis visualizes the globally flexible motion of the long stalk and local plasticity of the head region. Notably, MCFD2 has been found to possess a Zn2+binding site in its N-terminal lid, which appears to modulate cargo binding. Altogether, unique mechanisms of regulated cargo capture and release by ERGIC-53 via the stalk bending and metal binding are proposed.
Deep mutational scanning reveals the functional constraints and evolutionary potential of the influenza A virus PB1 protein
Authors: Li Yuan , Arcos Sarah , Sabsay Kimberly R. , te Velthuis Aartjan J.W. , Lauring Adam S.
Published: August 2023

The influenza virus polymerase is central to influenza virus evolution. Adaptive mutations within the polymerase are often a prerequisite for efficient spread of novel animal-derived viruses in human populations. The polymerase also determines fidelity, and therefore the rate at which the virus will acquire mutations that lead to host range expansion, drug resistance, or antigenic drift. Despite its importance to viral replication and evolution, our understanding of the mutational effects and associated constraints on the influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is relatively limited. We performed deep mutational scanning of the A/WSN/1933(H1N1) PB1, generating a library of 95.4% of amino acid substitutions at 757 sites. After accuracy filters, we were able to measure replicative fitness for 13,354 (84%) of all possible amino acid substitutions, and 16 were validated by results from pairwise competition assays. Functional and structural constraints were better revealed by individual sites involved in RNA or protein interactions than by major subdomains defined by sequence conservation. Mutational tolerance, as defined by site entropy, was correlated with evolutionary potential, as captured by diversity in available H1N1 sequences. Of 29 beneficial sites, many have either been identified in the natural evolution of PB1 or shown experimentally to have important impacts on replication and adaptation. Accessibility of amino acid substitutions by single nucleotide mutation was a key factor in determining whether mutations appeared in natural PB1 evolution. Our work provides a comprehensive map of mutational effects on a viral RdRp and a valuable resource for subsequent studies of influenza replication and evolution.
Evolvability of cancer-associated genes under APOBEC3A/B selection
Authors: Song Joon-Hyun , Dávalos Liliana M. , MacCarthy Thomas , Damaghi Mehdi
Published: August 2023

Evolvability is an emergent hallmark of cancer that depends on intra-tumor heterogeneity and, ultimately, genetic variation. Mutations generated by APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases can contribute to genetic variation and the consequences of APOBEC activation differ depending on the stage of cancer, with the most significant impact observed during the early stages. However, how APOBEC activity shapes evolutionary patterns of genes in the host genome and differential impacts on cancer-associated and non-cancer genes remain unclear. Analyzing over 40,000 human protein-coding transcripts, we identified distinct distribution patterns of APOBEC3A/B TC motifs between cancer-related genes and controls, suggesting unique associations with cancer. Studying a bat species with many more APOBEC3 genes, we found diverse motif patterns in orthologs of cancer genes compared to controls, similar to humans and suggesting APOBEC evolution to reduce impacts on the genome rather than the converse. Simulations confirmed that APOBEC-induced heterogeneity enhances cancer evolution, shaping clonal dynamics through bimodal introduction of mutations in certain classes of genes. Our results suggest that a major consequence of the bimodal distribution of APOBEC affects greater cancer heterogeneity.

Highlights

Using a measure of the extent which genes are affected by APOBEC activity, we found that many genes aremaximally robustin the human genome. Interestingly, the distribution in the genome of a bat that has many APOBEC genes was similar.

In contrast, when analyzing the subset of cancer-associated genes the distribution is bimodal with many genes appearing to susceptible to APOBEC activity.

Analysis of orthologs of human genes and other species showed a wide range in the extent to which APOBEC affects genes having the same function.

The bimodal distribution of susceptibility to APOBEC drives greater heterogeneity in simulated clonal evolution of cancer.
The glucocorticoid receptor is a critical regulator of muscle satellite cell quiescence
Authors: Rajgara Rashida , AlSudais Hamood , Saleh Aisha , Brown Alex , Barrakad Ines , Blais Alexandre , Wiper-Bergeron Nadine
Published: August 2023

Glucocorticoids are powerful anti-inflammatory medications that are associated with muscle atrophy. The effect of glucocorticoids in myofibers is well-studied, yet the role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the primary mediator of glucocorticoid transcriptional responses, and the impact of glucocorticoid signalling in muscle stem cells (MuSCs), the adult progenitors responsible for regeneration, remain unknown. We developed a conditional null mouse model to knock out glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in MuSCs (GRMuSC-/-) and established that while GR is dispensable for muscle regeneration, it is a critical regulator of MuSC homeostasis. Loss of GR significantly increased cycling MuSCs as compared to controls in injury-naïve mice and on single EDL myofiber cultures, and as such, loss of GR in MuSCs leads to precocious activation and subsequent proliferation as compared to controls. Bulk RNA-sequencing fromin situfixed MuSCs from injury-naïve GRMuSC-/-muscle identified a gene signature consistent with cells that have exited quiescence and undergone activation, with evidence of sexual dimorphism. Using ATAC-seq and footprinting we identify putative GR targets that promote quiescence. Thus, we advance the GR as a previously unrecognized crucial transcriptional regulator of gene expression in MuSCs whose activity is highest in quiescent cells and is essential to maintain that state.
The International Cardiac Arrest Research (I-CARE) Consortium Electroencephalography Database
Authors: Amorim Edilberto , Zheng Wei-Long , Ghassemi Mohammad M. , Aghaeeaval Mahsa , Kandhare Pravinkumar , Karukonda Vishnu , Lee Jong Woo , Herman Susan T. , Sivaraju Adithya , Gaspard Nicolas , Hofmeijer Jeannette , van Putten Michel J. A. M. , Sameni Reza , Reyna Matthew A. , Clifford Gari D. , Westover M. Brandon
Published: August 2023

Objective

To develop a harmonized multicenter clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) database for acute hypoxic-ischemic brain injury research involving patients with cardiac arrest.

Design

Multicenter cohort, partly prospective and partly retrospective.

Setting

Seven academic or teaching hospitals from the U.S. and Europe.

Patients

Individuals aged 16 or older who were comatose after return of spontaneous circulation following a cardiac arrest who had continuous EEG monitoring were included.

Interventions

not applicable.

Measurements and Main Results

Clinical and EEG data were harmonized and stored in a common Waveform Database (WFDB)-compatible format. Automated spike frequency, background continuity, and artifact detection on EEG were calculated with 10 second resolution and summarized hourly. Neurological outcome was determined at 3-6 months using the best Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale. This database includes clinical and 56,676 hours (3.9 TB) of continuous EEG data for 1,020 patients. Most patients died (N=603, 59%), 48 (5%) had severe neurological disability (CPC 3 or 4), and 369 (36%) had good functional recovery (CPC 1-2). There is significant variability in mean EEG recording duration depending on the neurological outcome (range 53-102h for CPC 1 and CPC 4, respectively). Epileptiform activity averaging 1 Hz or more in frequency for at least one hour was seen in 258 (25%) patients (19% for CPC 1-2 and 29% for CPC 3-5). Burst suppression was observed for at least one hour in 207 (56%) and 635 (97%) patients with CPC 1-2 and CPC 3-5, respectively.

Conclusions

The International Cardiac Arrest Research (I-CARE) consortium database provides a comprehensive real-world clinical and EEG dataset for neurophysiology research of comatose patients after cardiac arrest. This dataset covers the spectrum of abnormal EEG patterns after cardiac arrest, including epileptiform patterns and those in the ictal-interictal continuum.
Nurses and Midwives’ Perspectives on Technology-Enhanced Learning and Continuous Professional Development on Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care in Rwanda
Authors: Uhawenimana Thierry Claudien , Gakwerere Mathias , Ngabonzima Anaclet , Yamuragiye Assumpta , Harindimana Florien , Ndayisenga Jean Pierre
Published: August 2023

Background

One of the targets for the third sustainable development goals is to reduce worldwide maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030. To address issues affecting women and the newborns during childbirth and postnatal period, concerted efforts from governments and their stakeholders are crucial to maximize the use of technology to enhance frontline health professionals’ skills to provide the emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC). However, no study has garnered nurses’ and midwives’ perspectives regarding the application of technology-enhanced learning approach to provide on-job CPDs and factors that may influence the application of this training approach in the Rwandan context.

Methods

The study collected data from nurses and midwives from forty (40) public health facilities in remote areas nationwide. The study applied a qualitative descriptive design to explore and describe nurses’ and midwives’ perspectives on the feasibility and acceptability of technology enhanced learning approaches such as e-learning, phone-based remote training, and other online methods to provide trainings in EmONC. Two focus group discussions with EmONC mentor, two with nurses and midwives were conducted. Twelve key informant interviews were conducted. Participants were selected purposively. In total, 54 individuals were included in this study. A thematic approach was used to analyse data.

Results

Nurses and midwives highlighted the need to provide refresher trainings about the management of pre-eclampsia. Most of the EmONC trainings are still provided face to face and the use of technology enhanced learning approaches have not yet been embraced in delivering EmONC CPDs for nurses and midwives in remote areas. Nurses and midwives found the first developed prototype of smartphone app training of the EmONC acceptable as it met the midwives’ expectations in terms of the knowledge and skills’ gap in EmONC.

Conclusion

Although the newly developed application was found acceptable, further research involving practical sessions by nurses and midwives using the developed application is needed to garner views about the ease of use of the application, relevance of the EmONC uploaded content on the app, and needed improvements on the app to address their needs in EmONC.
Non-random Rotation Matching Algorithm
Authors: Lodha Roshan , Mehta Neil , Nielsen Craig
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Assigning clerkship positions to third-year medical students is crucial for their professional development. However, the process is challenging due to limited positions and the requirement to align students with suitable clerkships matching their interests and career goals. In this paper, we explain our approach of treating clerkship assignments as a linear-sum optimization problem. This optimizes position assignments, minimizing costs. We believe this approach could enhance the clerkship assignment process and improve medical students’ learning.
Epigenetic Reshaping through Damage: Promoting Cell Fate Transition by BrdU and IdU Incorporation
Authors: Li Chuang , Chen Shuyan , Xu Xiaoduo , Guan Tongxing , Xu Anchun , Li Chen , Yu Shengyong , Wu Haokaifeng , Pei Duanqing , Liu Jing
Published: August 2023

Thymidine analogs have long been recognized for their ability to randomly incorporate into DNA. However, their significance in the chemical induction of pluripotency (CIP) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of BrdU/IdU incorporation on the transition of cell fate through DNA damage repair (DDR). Our findings reveal a substantial upregulation of reprogramming mediator gene H3K27ac and H3K9ac, as well as global DNA demethylation in response to DDR. This process creates a hypomethylated environment that promotes cell fate transition. We term this mechanism as Epigenetic Reshaping through Damage (ERD). Overall, our study sheds light on the dynamic interplay between thymidine analogs, DDR, and epigenetic modifications, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying cell fate transition.
Fungal hacking of the plant sex-determination pathway via interference withAGL24inSilene latifolia
Authors: Fujita Naoko , Hood Michael E. , Komoda Yuka , Akagi Takashi
Published: August 2023

Plants have evolved lineage-specific sex-determination systems that is determined not only by genetic factors, but also the surrounding environmental conditions, including interactions with pathogens.Silene latifoliais a model dioecious plant whose sexuality is genetically regulated by X/Y chromosomes; however, anther smut fungus mimics the plant Y chromosome and forcibly converts female plants to male. Here, transcriptome analyses of healthy or fungus-infectedS. latifoliainflorescence meristems suggested that an orthologue ofAGL24(SlAGL24), a flowering activator, is a key factor in sex conversionviafungus infection. Overexpression ofSlAGL24inArabidopsis thalianasuppressed stamen development, whereas knock-down ofSlAGL24inS. latifoliaconverted males into hermaphrodites. Furthermore,SlAGL24expression affected sexual dimorphisms inS. latifolia. Our results propose an adaptive scenario wherein the anther smut fungus targetsSlAGL24, as a master regulator connecting the fungal signal to sex determination, to confer male and potentially male-beneficial traits, effectively transmitting its teliospores.
From failure to success: a framework for successful deployment of Industry 4.0 principles in the aerospace industry
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Joshi Deepika , Jagtap Sandeep , Trollman Hana , Haddad Yousef , Atescan Yuksek Yagmur , Salonitis Konstantinos , Raut Rakesh , Narkhede Balkrishna
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The paper proposes a framework for the successful deployment of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) principles in the aerospace industry, based on identified success factors. The paper challenges the perception of I4.0 being aligned with de-skilling and personnel reduction and instead promotes a route to successful deployment centred on upskilling and retaining personnel for future role requirements.

Design/methodology/approach

The research methodology involved a literature review and industrial data collection via questionnaires to develop and validate the framework. The questionnaire was sent to a purposive sample of 50 respondents working in operations, and a response rate of 90% was achieved. Content analysis was used to identify patterns, themes, or biases, and the data were tabulated based on specific common attributes. The proposed framework consists of a series of gates and criteria that must be met before progressing to the next gate.

Findings

The proposed framework provides a feedback mechanism to review minimum standards for successful deployment, aligned with new developments in capability and technology, and ensures quality assessment at each gate. The paper highlights the potential benefits of I4.0 implementation in the aerospace industry, including reducing operational costs and improving competitiveness by eliminating variation in manufacturing processes. The identified success factors were used to define the framework, and the identified failure points were used to form mitigation actions or controls for inclusion in the framework.

Originality/value

The paper provides a framework for the successful deployment of I4.0 principles in the aerospace industry, based on identified success factors. The framework challenges the perception of I4.0 as being aligned with de-skilling and personnel reduction and instead promotes a route to successful deployment centred on upskilling and retaining personnel for future role requirements. The framework can be used as a guideline for organizations to deploy I4.0 principles successfully and improve competitiveness.
Subscription-based business models in the context of tech firms: theory and applications
Authors: Lindström Christoffer Weland Johannes , Maleki Vishkaei Behzad , De Giovanni Pietro
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study analyzes how tech firms can implement the modern wave of subscription-based business model (SBBM), including value proposition, value creation, value capture and performance. In fact, these elements push tech firms to move from traditional to SBBMs.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the objectives of this study, we initially construct a theoretical framework for applying SBBM. Subsequently, we employ qualitative research to examine the current implementation of the subscription-based economy within tech firms.

Findings

A successful SBBM necessitates capturing value through sustainable revenue transactions and revising aspects of the value proposition, creation and capture. Continuous improvement through business value analysis is imperative. Additionally, an agile operations system is vital to address revenue complexities, enable data collection and enhance value proposition, service innovation, churn rate and customer retention, which are essential for SBBM maintenance.

Originality/value

This study delves into how the subscription-based economy is reshaping the business models of tech firms. Beyond exploring the theoretical foundation of this transformative path, this study offers actionable insights on enhancing the value proposition, creation, capture and business value within subscription-based economy frameworks.
Exploring stationary and major modular construction challenges in developing countries: a case study of Egypt
Authors: Ali Ali Hassan , Kineber Ahmed Farouk , Elyamany Ahmed , Hussein Ibrahim Ahmed , Daoud Ahmed Osama
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to identify the most significant barriers and the stationary barrier to modular construction (MC) implementation and promote MC widespread use. By doing so, the construction industry can leverage the benefits of MC, such as faster construction times, improved quality control, reduced waste and increased sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a Gini’s mean analysis approach to identify the stationary barriers hindering the MC adoption in residential projects. The research focuses on the Egyptian context and uses a questionnaire survey to gather data from professionals in the construction industry.

Findings

According to the survey findings, the top five significant MC barriers are inability to modify the design; contractors asking for high bidding prices (higher initial cost); scepticism, conservation and resistance of clients to innovation and change; transportation restrictions; and lack of a one-size-fits-all tool for the design. In addition, Gini’s mean of dispersion demonstrated that the stationary barrier that faces MC adoption is the apprehension that architectural creativity will suffer because of MC.

Practical implications

The identified obstacles could be useful for decision makers in countries that have not yet adopted MC and may aid in the planning process to manage the risks associated with MC projects. The paper stresses the significance of devising techniques to overcome these barriers and proposes several methods to tackle these challenges.

Originality/value

This study fills the knowledge gap by identifying the stationary barrier and emphasising the potential risks associated with MC barriers. Furthermore, it suggests several strategies for overcoming and reducing these barriers in developing countries residential projects.
Applying Benford’s law to examine earnings management: evidence from emerging ASEAN-5 countries
Authors: Nguyen Loan Hoang To , Nguyen Tri Tri , Le Thanh Vu Ngoc , Mai Nghia Duc
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to apply Benford’s law to examine the earnings management of companies listed in emerging ASEAN-5 countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors follow Amiram et al. (2015) to measure deviations from Benford’s law of the first digits of numbers reported in financial statements. The authors use the Jones-modified performance-match model (Jones, 1991; Dechow et al., 1995; Kothari et al., 2005) to estimate accrual earnings management. The authors use a sample of 47,389 observations of listed companies in ASEAN-5 countries from 2006 to 2019. The authors also run ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The authors find that the first digits of numbers reported in the financial statements of companies in the sample closely conform to Benford’s law. Further evidence shows that the deviation from Benford’s law is positively related to abnormal accruals. The relationship between deviation from Benford’s law and abnormal accruals is more pronounced for the post-international financial reporting standards adoption period. The results survive for some robustness checks.

Research limitations/implications

The authors show that Benford’s law holds for financial statements of companies listed in the emerging ASEAN-5 countries.

Practical implications

Auditors could use Benford’s law as an analytical procedure to assess the risks of material misstatements. Also, other users could apply Benford’s law on audited financial statements to foresee undetected misstatements.

Originality/value

The authors provide original evidence that financial statements of ASEAN-5 countries follow Benford’s law. The evidence supports the usefulness of Benford’s law in developing markets.
A mixed-method analysis of Industry 4.0 technologies in value generation for collaborative consumption companies
Authors: Amoozad Mahdiraji Hannan , Sharifpour Arabi Hojatallah , Beheshti Moein , Vrontis Demetris
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This research aims to extract Industry 4.0 technological building blocks (TBBs) capable of value generation in collaborative consumption (CC) and the sharing economy (SE). Furthermore, by employing a mixed methodology, this research strives to analyse the relationship amongst TBBs and classify them based on their impact on CC.

Design/methodology/approach

Due to the importance of technology for the survival of collaborative consumption in the future, this study suggests a classification of the auxiliary and fundamental Industry 4.0 technologies and their current upgrades, such as the metaverse or non-fungible tokens (NFT). First, by applying a systematic literature review and thematic analysis (SLR-TA), the authors extracted the TBBs that impact on collaborative consumption and SE. Then, using the Bayesian best-worst method (BBWM), TBBs are weighted and classified using experts’ opinions. Eventually, a score function is proposed to measure organisations’ readiness level to adopt Industry 4.0 technologies.

Findings

The findings illustrated that virtual reality (VR) plays a vital role in CC and SE. Of the 11 TBBs identified in the CC and SE, VR was selected as the most determinant TBB and metaverse was recognised as the least important. Furthermore, digital twins, big data and VR were labelled as “fundamental”, and metaverse, augmented reality (AR), and additive manufacturing were stamped as “discretional”. Moreover, cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and artificial intelligence (AI) were classified as “auxiliary” technologies.

Originality/value

With an in-depth investigation, this research identifies TBBs of Industry 4.0 with the capability of value generation in CC and SE. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research that identifies and examines the TBBs of Industry 4.0 in the CC and SE sectors and examines them. Furthermore, a novel mixed method has identified, weighted and classified pertinent technologies. The score function that measures the readiness level of each company to adopt TBBs in CC and SE is a unique contribution.
JNK/MAPK pathway regulation by BEX2 gene silencing in alcoholic hepatitis mice: Effects on oxidative stress
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Zhong Hai , Wang Yong , Wang Xiaoguang , Pan Hongtao , Liu Xiaolin , Hu Lingyu
Published: August 2023

Background

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe alcoholic‐related liver disease that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, for which effective treatments are lacking. Brain‐expressed X‐linked gene 2 (BEX2) has been implicated in various diseases, but its association with AH has received limited attention. Thus, this study investigated BEX2's impact on the progression of AH by affecting the c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (JNK/MAPK) pathway.

Methods

Microarray dataset GSE28619 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to identify differentially expressed genes in AH. Immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), Western blot analysis, and flow cytometry were used to measure various factors in the liver tissue of AH mice.

Results

BEX2 expression was significantly upregulated in the model. BEX2 gene silencing increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase while decreasing malondialdehyde content; phosphorylation of JNK, c‐JUN, and p38MAPK; apoptosis rate; and the extent of JNK/MAPK pathway activation.

Conclusions

These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying AH development and highlight the potential role of BEX2 gene expression as a promising therapeutic target for AH.
Circadian rhythms in pump parameters of patients on contemporary left ventricular assist device support
Authors: Numan L. , Wösten M. , Moazeni M. , Aarts E. , Van der Kaaij N. P. , Fresiello L. , Asselbergs F. W. , Van Laake L. W.
Published: August 2023

Background

Algorithms to monitor pump parameters are needed to further improve outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Previous research showed a restored circadian rhythm in pump parameters in patients on HeartWare (HVAD) support. Circadian patterns in HeartMate3 (HM3) were not studied before, but this is important for the development of LVAD monitoring algorithms. Hence, we aimed to describe circadian patterns in HM3 parameters and their relation to patterns in heart rate (HR).

Methods

18 HM3 patients were included in this study. HM3 data were retrieved at a high frequency (one sample per 1 or 2 h) for 1–2 weeks. HR was measured using a wearable biosensor. To study overall patterns in HM3 parameters and HR, a heatmap was created. A 24‐h cosine was fitted on power and HR separately. The relationship between the amplitude of the fitted cosines of power and HR was calculated using Spearman correlation.

Results

A lower between patient variability was found in power compared with flow and PI. 83% of the patients showed a significant circadian rhythmicity in power (p < 0.001–0.04), with a clear morning increase. All patients showed significant circadian rhythmicity in HR (p < 0.001–0.02). The amplitudes of the circadian rhythm in power and HR were not correlated (Spearman correlation of 0.32, p = 0.19).

Conclusions

A circadian rhythm of pump parameters is present in the majority of HM3 patients. Higher frequency pump parameter data should be collected, to enable early detection of complications in the future development of predictive algorithms.
Episodes and Topics in Multivariate Temporal Data
Authors: Andrienko Natalia , Andrienko Gennady , Shirato Gota
Published: August 2023

The term ‘episode’ refers to a time interval in the development of a dynamic process or behaviour of an entity. Episode‐based data consist of a set of episodes that are described using time series of multiple attribute values. Our research problem involves analysing episode‐based data in order to understand the distribution of multi‐attribute dynamic characteristics across a set of episodes. To solve this problem, we applied an existing theoretical model and developed a general approach that involves incrementally increasing data abstraction. We instantiated this general approach in an analysis procedure in which the value variation of each attribute within an episode is represented by a combination of symbols treated as a ‘word’. The variation of multiple attributes is thus represented by a combination of ‘words’ treated as a ‘text’. In this way, the the set of episodes is transformed to a collection of text documents. Topic modelling techniques applied to this collection find groups of related (i.e. repeatedly co‐occurring) ‘words’, which are called ‘topics’. Given that the ‘words’ encode variation patterns of individual attributes, the ‘topics’ represent patterns of joint variation of multiple attributes. In the following steps, analysts interpret the topics and examine their distribution across all episodes using interactive visualizations. We test the effectiveness of the procedure by applying it to two types of episode‐based data with distinct properties and introduce a range of generic and data type‐specific visualization techniques that can support the interpretation and exploration of topic distribution.
Chronic hand eczema: A prevalent disease in the general population associated with reduced quality of life and poor overall health measures
Authors: Quaade Anna Sophie , Alinaghi Farzad , Dietz Jojo Biel‐Nielsen , Erichsen Christina Yndal , Johansen Jeanne Duus
Published: August 2023

Background

The impact of hand eczema (HE) on Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) has only been sparsely studied in a general population setting, and never by use of the disease specific Quality Of Life in Hand eczema Questionnaire (QOLHEQ).

Objectives

To examine the HRQoL of unselected individuals with HE using the QOLHEQ. Further, to provide prevalence estimates of severe and chronic HE (CHE), and to contrast overall health related outcomes between individuals with and without HE.

Methods

In this nationwide, cross‐sectional study a questionnaire covering questions on HE related outcomes, and overall health was sent to a random sample of 100 000 Danish adults via a secure digital mailbox, linked to their unique civil registration numbers. Data on demographic characteristics were retrieved from the civil registration system. Individuals reporting HE, further answered the QOLHEQ and other disease specific questions.

Results

The response rate was 42.7% (n = 42 691). Total estimates of lifetime, 1‐year and point prevalences of HE were 24.4%, 13.3% and 5.8%. Of individuals reporting a 1‐year prevalence, 35.1% reported moderate–severe disease and 82.6% CHE. Individuals with HE were more likely to report less good or poor overall health, and sick leave (any reason), compared to those without. In the 2176 (92.5%) with current HE who completed the QOLHEQ, median QOLHEQ scores corresponded to a moderate impairment of the symptoms and treatment and prevention domains and a slight impairment overall and for the emotions and functioning domains. Factors that were strongly associated with moderate to severe HRQoL impairment included severe, chronic and occupational HE as well as female sex.

Conclusions

HE is highly prevalent, bears a considerable burden on society and significantly affects the lives of impacted individuals. Our findings indicate a necessity for targeted prevention aimed at high‐risk groups, and support and treatment for those most affected.
The protective role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in preventing colorectal cancer and advanced colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cullinane C. , Brett A. , Devane L. , McCullough P. W. , Cooke F. , Neary P.
Published: August 2023

Aim

Inflammatory cells within the tumour microenvironment are the driving forces behind colorectal cancer (CRC) tumourigenesis. Understanding the different pathways involved in CRC carcinogenesis paves the way for effective repurposing of drugs for cancer prevention. Emerging data from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that, due to their antiproliferative and anti‐inflammatory properties, phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors (PDE5i) might have an anticancer effect. The aim of this study was to clarify through systematic review and meta‐analysis of published peer‐reviewed studies whether an association exists between PDE5i use and CRC risk.

Method

This study was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. Prospective registration was performed on PROSPERO (CRD42022372925). A systematic review was performed for studies reporting CRC and advanced colorectal polyp incidence in PDE5i ‘ever‐users’ and PDE5i ‘never‐users’. Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.

Results

Four observational cohort studies and two case–control studies, comprising 995 242 patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 347 126 were PDE5i ever‐users. Patients who were PDE5i ever‐users had a significantly lower incidence of CRC or advanced colorectal polyps than never‐users (OR 0.88, CI 0.79–0.98, p = 0.02). To examine the primary preventative role of PDE5i, subgroup analysis of four studies including patients without a previous history of CRC found that use of PDE5i was associated with a lower incidence of CRC (OR 0.85, CI 0.75–0.95, p = 0.005, I2 = 64%). There was no significant temporal relationship found between PDE5i use and CRC risk as both current users and previous users had a significantly lower incidence of CRC than never‐users.

Conclusion

Our study found a significant anticancer effect of PDE5i, as shown by a reduced risk of CRC in the context of both primary and secondary CRC prevention.