bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Species Diversity, Distribution and Abundance of Fishes of Seti Gandaki River Basin, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Kishor K. , Basnet Khadga B. , Majpuria Trilok C. , Baniya Chitra B.
Published: October 2021

Species diversity with indices, distribution and abundance of fishes of Seti Gandaki River Basin, Pokhara, Nepal are described from five study sites, three along the main channel and two in major tributaries. Fishes were sampled using a cast-net following pass-removal method. Environmental variables were determined following the standard methods. In total, 30 species belonging to five orders, nine families and 24 genera with absolute abundance of 10,659 were recorded. A longitudinal pattern of distribution and species richness from upstream to downstream sites (17 to 21 species) was observed. Cyprinids were dominant followed by silurids, balitorids, channids, mastacembelids, belonids and cobitids. Distribution pattern and abundance data showed that the species Tor tor, Tor putitora, Chaguninus chagunio, Barilius barila, Opsarius barna, Danio rerio, Lepidocephalichthys guntea, Parachiloglanis hodgarti and Amblyceps mangois were not common in the study area. The environmental variables such as depth, width, discharge and temperature showed effect upon species richness, abundance, distribution and diversity indices, which had lower values at upstream pre-urban sites than at downstream post-urban sites. A sharp decline in species richness, abundance and diversity indices at urban site (10 species) indicated urban influence.
Reproductive Biology of a Medicinal Orchid Satyarium Nepalense (Orchidaceae) in the Nepalese Himalayas
Authors: Paudel Babu Ram , Poudel Brihaspati
Published: October 2021

Satyrium nepalense is a terrestrial medicinal orchid of the Himalayas. Although, the ecology and medicinal uses of this orchid is well known, little is known about its reproductive mechanism. In this study, we explored the natural history and reproductive biology of S. nepalense and tested their potential spatial variation. We observed the floral visitors and natural fruit set of S. nepalense at its two populations. We found that, despite the presence of outcrossing features, this orchid did not receive any diurnal floral visitors. The natural fruit set was very high (>90.0%) at both the sites, suggesting the possibility of autonomous selfing. This finding may have important implication for the further study to explore how autonomous selfing evolves in a member of the predominately outcrossing genus. Moreover, the finding of this study provides important insight to develop efficient protocol for its conservation.
Diversity and Seasonal Distribution of Plankton in Khaste Lake, Lekhnath, Kaski, Nepal
Authors: Bastakoti Narayan Datta , Timilsina Ganesh
Published: October 2021

Planktons are the important components of aquatic ecosystem. In this study, we assessed the diversity and seasonal distribution of planktons in Khaste Lake, Lekhnath, Kaski. Samples were collected from three stations from April to September using plankton net of mesh size 60μm.The collection period included three different seasons: summer, early monsoon and late monsoon. Altogether 35 genera of plankton, 24 belonging to phytoplanktonic group and 11 to zooplankton, were recorded from April to September 2012. The recorded phytoplankton belonged to four classes namely chlorophyceae, bacillariophyceae, xanthophyceae, and cyanophyceae with fourteen, seven, two and one genera respectively, while zooplanktons belonged to three groups namely rotifera, cladocera and copepoda with three, six and two genera respectively. The dominant class in phytoplankton was chlorophyceae with fourteen genera and in zooplankton was cladocera with six genera. Eleven genera of phytoplankton and five genera of zooplankton were recorded throughout the three seasons of the study period. The rich in diversity of phytoplankton shows high level of nutrient status and the lake changing into Eutrophication Lake resulting from the surface run-off water with fertilizers from agricultural lands and sewage from densely populated area of the surrounding.
Disaster Management and Role of Academic Institutions in Nepal: Current Status and Way Forward
Authors: Pant Ramesh Raj , Bishwakarma Kiran , Ghimire Archana , Shrestha Kripa , Maskey Rejina , Joshi Buddhi Raj , Gautam Arjun , Koirala Madan
Published: October 2021

The intense natural disasters have been causing the great loss of life and properties in Nepal. This study attempts to figure out the status and role of Nepalese academia for the contribution of disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM). The methodology adopted for the study is reviewing the literature, policies, and academic documents including university curricula. The study highlighted that the constitution of Nepal 2015 and DRRM Act 2017 have provided ample opportunities via several legal provisions for federal, provincial, and local government to make their own modalities for making a disaster-resilient society. The universities and higher academic institutions are responsible for sound knowledge-based research activities to address the issues of DRRM which could be directly adopted by different levels of governments in terms of their plans, policies, and programs. In this connection, attempts are being made by governments and academic institutions to develop disaster resilient communities by shifting the traditional way of just responding during disaster focusing on the disaster cycle. Precisely, ten major universities of Nepal have incorporated disaster components including preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation-related academic curricula in their undergraduate and graduate levels academic programs. Introducing the Environmental Health in Disaster, and Public Health and Disaster Engineering in Tribhuvan University and Pokhara University, respectively is one of the good initiatives taken by the academia. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of the integration of DRRM courses in the curricula of higher academic institutions for making disaster-resilient communities.
Non-Edible Seeds for the Production of Biodiesel
Authors: Adhikari Suraj Raj , Baral Sunil Dutta , Pokhrel Kusum
Published: October 2021

The global energy demand is increasing day by day. The consumption of the fuel, as well as the demand, is expected to grow rapidly and use of fossil energy is causing harmful impacts on the environment. Biofuels are attractive alternative to petroleum diesel derived from a variety of feedstocks, vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oil. They are renewable, non-toxic and biodegradable. At present, biodiesel is mainly produced from many edible oils seed. The extensive use of edible oils for production of biodiesel may lead to food crisis. Therefore, production of biodiesel from non-edible oils is a successful method to overcome all the related problems with edible oils.
A Study on Toxic Effect of Chemicals and Control Strategies
Authors: Subedi Thaneshwar
Published: October 2021

Poisons are substances that can cause death, injury or harm to organs, tissues, cells and DNA usually by chemical reactions or other activity on the molecular scales, when an organism is exposed to a sufficient quantity. The objective of the study was to identify the toxic chemicals, to study their poisoning effect and present poisoning reduction strategies and then precautions. Analytical research method was used for conducting this research. This study is focused on the toxicity of major harmful chemicals such as hydrogen sulphide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, chloroform, Sulphur dioxide, ammonia, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, mercury, arsenic, cadmium and their compounds, catalyst, inert gases, insecticides, antidote which have been used in chemistry laboratories and in other different fields. Students from higher education to research levels are suffering from toxic laboratory chemicals. Workers in chemical industries are being intoxicated from poisonous reactants, intermediates and final products. Farmers are directly exposed to chemical fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Different types of toxic irritant, sensitizer, asphyxiates, anesthetics, narcotics, systemic poisons, respiratory fibrogens, and carcinogens are mainly responsible for animal poisoning and environmental pollution. Poisoning from toxic chemicals can be controlled by the strategies like substitution, mechanical handling, process changing, suppression, segregation, ventilation, personal protection, medical supervision and biological monitoring. Immediate accidental poisoning can be managed by using respective antidotes and obeying specific precautions.
Lichens as Bio-Indicator for Air Pollution and Their Relevancy in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Panta Kalyan
Published: October 2021

The use of naturally occuring lichens as a bioindicator to assess the health of environment is a well proved potential strategy to monitor any habitat without device/ instruments. The article clearly revealed that the quality of air pollution has been a major problems in city area and suburban areas. In this case, the lichens could be used as reliable indicators to trace the air polluted sites and It could be useful to combat the decreasing anthropogenic disturbances such as vehicular emission, constrution of civil works, etc. The essence of these studies provide an understanding of environmental impacts and can follow the policy makers to protect the Lichen flora and air pollution related problems.
Inflation and Economic Growth Paradox: A Co-integration Analysis in Nepal
Authors: Joshi Uttam Lal
Published: October 2021

The empirical study investigates the relationship between economic growth, inflation and broad money supply in Nepal. Data since 1965 to 2020 are taken from World Bank and Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model is used to find cointegration between the variables to show long run and short run dynamics. Augmented Dickey- Fuller and Philips- Perron tests are conducted to find the unit roots in the model. Result shows the error correction term is negative (-0.75) and significant (0.0043) where bounds test supports the long run cointegration and error correction model suggest the speed of adjustment. The estimated regression equation is found robust and stable (serial correlation and heteroskedacity tests).  The research shows inflation has short run and long run impact on economic growth so inflation should be kept within its threshold level from sound monetary and fiscal policy mechanism.
Joyful Colors in Krishna Prakash Shah's Abstract Artworks
Authors: Sharma Yam Prasad
Published: October 2021

Aesthetic pleasure and joy are the dominant features of Krishna Prakash Shah's colorful compositions. Shah, one of the renowned contemporary Nepali abstract artists, presents art forms without referential and recognizable contents. In other words, the form itself is its content. The works have the power to arouse rapture and relish through harmonious colors although the viewers may not able to find fixed significance. Coherent colors, rhythmic waves, playful shapes and organic composition in his paintings contribute to create beauty and provide aesthetic pleasure to the viewers. This research paper analyzes Shah's abstract paintings from the perspective of aestheticism and traces joyful colors and rhythmic waves in his works. The study uses qualitative methods of research since there can be multiple interpretations of the same artwork, and the subjectivity of the critic has a significant role to derive the thesis statement.
Challenges of BFIs in Cash Transfer Program to Earthquake Affected Victims: Lessons from Nepal’s Earthquake 2015
Authors: Karki Tej Bahadur , Lamsal Rita , Bhusal Namita Poudel
Published: October 2021

The government of Nepal successfully managed the post-earthquake housing reconstruction and rehabilitation endeavours in the aftermath of Nepal’s earthquake 2015, where more than 800,000 Earthquake affected households were identified as beneficiaries and provided financial assistance to build their house. The purpose of this research is to explore the challenges faced by the Banks and Financial Institutions (BFIs) during the cash grant distribution procedures for the earthquake beneficiaries. This paper is prepared to explore the Government of Nepal’s private housing reconstruction initiatives as an effort to cope with the post-earthquake reconstruction and rehabilitation works and the role of BFIs in disbursing of the government’s conditional cash transfer program to the identified earthquake beneficiaries. The study had collected data from 16 BFIs where 53 respondents participated in the study. It is based on the qualitative design because structured interview was conducted to collect the data. The findings show that private housing reconstruction endeavours focusing on the cash transfer programs of the GoN were more effective, where 99% of the beneficiaries received the 1st Tranche as of June 2021. Though, there were several challenges shared by the respondents during the grant transfer mechanism such as human resource management, lack of financial literacy and understanding of bank-related services, lack of adequate coordination among the concerned stakeholders, merger and acquisition of BFIs, beneficiaries’ ownership/nominee transfer, cash management, mismatch of the beneficiaries name, and reconciliation and data verification.The study would be crucial to learn important lessons from Nepal’s post-earthquake reconstruction for future disaster resilience activities
Pathetic Predicament and Resistance of the Subaltern in Trishna Gurung’s Selected Songs
Authors: Shrestha Tara Lal , Shrestha Bidhya , Senehang Dipankar , Timsina Bibechana Sharma
Published: October 2021

This article overviews the distress situation of the Nepalese ethnic subaltern concerning Trishna Gurung’s five selected songs- “Sajha Ko Bela”, “Gainey Dajai”, “Khani Ho Yahmu”, “Rail Lai Ma” and “Maya Man Bhari” and explores how the aesthetic expression and the pathetic predicament of the subaltern come to be a subtle form of resistance. Her songs hold the spirit of remoteness and auratic root and counter the western musical hegemonic propensity and the dominant music culture of Nepal. Articulating subaltern sighs as a major concern of her songs in the auditory and visual representation she presents the repressed aesthetics as a constructive and creative space formation for the resistance.
B. Ed. First Year Students’ Motives for Learning English
Authors: Sharma Lok Raj
Published: October 2021

This research article attempts to evaluate B.Ed. first year students’ major motives for learning English A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to accomplish the research study. The twelve questions as a data collection tool were administered to the students across three campuses of Makawanpur District, Nepal in the Academic Year 2019-2020. The study showed that a large number of the students learnt English to have good job opportunities in the country, whereas the smallest number of students  learnt it to be tourist guides. The chi-square tests showed that there was statistically significant association between sex and the motives for learning it, whereas there was no statistically significant association between campuses and motives for learning it. The findings of the research study indicated that students learnt English for fulfilling differing purposes in their life. Their attitude towards learning English was found to be dissimilar.
नदी किनारका माझी कवितामा पदपूर्वार्द्धवक्रता [Padapurvardha Vakrata in Nadi Kinar Ka Majhi (Fisherman by the river bank) Poem]
Authors: Sharma Rishiram , Baral Khil Prasad
Published: October 2021

आचार्य कुन्तक प्रतिपादित वक्रोक्तिसिद्धान्त पूर्वीय साहित्यशास्त्रमा एउटा समन्वयशील सिद्धान्त मानिन्छ किनकि यो सिद्धान्तले पूर्ववर्ती आचार्यहरूका काव्यमान्यतासमेतलाई समेट्ने प्रयास गरेको छ । यस सिद्धान्तमा कुन्तकले वक्रोक्तिका विभिन्न छ भेद तथा तिनका उपभेदहरूको चर्चा गरेका छन् । यस लेखमा उनले प्रस्तुत गरेका वक्रोक्तिका छ भेदहरूमध्ये पदपूर्वार्द्धवक्रताका आधारमा सुप्रसिद्ध नेपाली कवि मोहन कोइरालाको नदी किनारका माझी लामो कविताको अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यसका लागि सर्वप्रथम वक्रोक्तिसिद्धान्त र पदपूर्वार्द्धवक्रताको सङ्क्षिप्त सैद्धान्तिक चर्चा गर्दै विवेच्य कवितामा पदपूर्वार्द्धवक्रताको प्रगोग कसरी भएको छ भन्ने सन्दर्भलाई स्पष्ट पार्न उक्त कविताका कवितांशलाई उहाहरणका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरी तिनमा पाइने पदपूर्वार्द्धवक्रताको अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक दुवै स्रोतका सामग्रीको प्रयोग गरी वर्णनात्मक पद्धतिअनुसार विवेच्य सामग्रीहरूको विश्लेषण गरिएको यस आलेख मूलतः निगमनात्मक पद्धतिमा आधारित छ । यस अध्ययनबाट कवि कोइरालाको विवेच्य कवितामा पूर्वीय काव्यशास्त्रमा वर्णित पदपूर्वार्द्धवक्रताको सफल र सार्थक प्रयोग भएको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । [Acharya Kuntak's theory of Vakrokti is considered to be a coherent theory in Eastern literature as it has tried to include the poetic values of the earlier Acharyas. In this theory, Kuntak discusses six different types of Vakrokti and its variants. In this article, the study-analysis of the well-known Nepali poet Mohan Koirala's long poem Nadi Kinar Ka Majhi (Fisherman by the river bank) has been analyzed on the basis of Padapurvardha Vakrata among the six distinctions presented by him. For this, first of all, by briefly discussing the theory of Vakrokti and Padapurvardha Vakrata, the study of Padapurvardha Vakrata found in the poem has been analyzed by presenting the verses of the poem as examples to clarify the context of how Padapurvardha Vakrata has been used in the poem. This article is based on the deductive method, analyzing the material according to the descriptive method using materials from both primary and secondary sources. It is concluded that the poet Koirala's discerning poetry has successfully and meaningfully used the Padapurvardha Vakrata described in Eastern poetry.]
Positional Number System
Authors: Jha Anil Chandra
Published: October 2021

In a positional number system, the numerical value of each symbol depends on its position in the sequence of digits representing the number. Any integer greater than 1 may serve as a base, and in a base b system there are b digits represented conventionally by the digits 0,1,2,..., b-1.  In this paper we introduce the following four positional number systems: decimal (base-10), binary (base-2), Octal (base-8) and hexadecimal (base-16). We focus on representations of these number systems together with arithmetical operations defined on them. The study of this paper ends with the conversions of number from one system into another with examples.
The development of children’s literature in Ukraine in the XX-XXI centuries
Authors: Baran Uliana
Published: October 2021

After Ukraine’s independence in 1991 Ukrainian children got wider access to the translations of the works of prominent world writers for children. The classic literature of the world, aiming to mediate the children’s feelings for beauty and literary aesthetic, became an integral part of the Ukrainian educational system. Thanks to the increase of famous children’s books written in modern Ukraine, Ukraine is now experiencing the growth of a new generation of more intelligent and capable citizens free from communism ideology, able to integrate and positively contribute to the modern multicultural world. However “children and war” is now again among the painful topics in modern Ukrainian society but not new in history and literature. There are no wars, initiated by Ukrainians. The Famine of Ukrainians in the East of Ukraine by Russians, the Second World War, physical genocide of Ukrainian families and their children for the whole century even also just for the Ukrainian language saved Pain and Distrust in the generation memory of Ukrainians. But the aim of this survey of the Ukrainian literature for children and youth is to show the developing processes in the society on the basics of the main ideas, topics, directions and values during the XX-XXI centuries, beginning since the end of the XIX century by such prominent writer like Ivan Franko.
Gender prevalence and pattern structure of various online behaviors among adolescents in Abakan
Authors: Evert L. S. , Tereshchenko S. Yu. , Kostyuchenko Yu. R. , Semenova N. B.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The increased maladaptive Internet use and associated psychosomatic disorders in modern adolescents is an urgent medical problem. The aim of the study was to research the gender prevalence and pattern structure of various types of online behavior in adolescents from Abakan (Khakassia). Material and methods. A one-time screening examination of random samples of students from 4 schools in the city of Abakan was carried out from April to May 2019. It was examined 1360 adolescents (49.5% of boys and 50.5% of girls) aged 12-18 years (mean age 14.7 ± 1.3). Online behavior was assessed using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) based on the total CIAS score. There were 2 groups (boys and girls) for the indicators to be analyzed, with the data processed using the “Statistica 12” program. Results. Adaptive Internet use (AIU) is typical for 56.5% of Abakan adolescents, Non-adaptive maladaptive (NIU) — for 37.6% and Internet-dependent, pathological Internet use (PIU) — for 5.9%. The incidence and pattern structure of various types of online behavior are associated with gender. The prevalence of maladaptive types of online behavior is higher among girls: non-adaptive (42.4% versus 32.8% in boys) and pathological (8.0% versus 3.7%). There are significant gender differences in the Com, Wit, Tol scales, key symptoms of Internet addiction (KSIA), Problems Associated with Internet Addiction (PAIA) and the total CIAS score of the Chen scale. Girls have higher average scores for all subscales of the Chen questionnaire, i.e. both key symptoms of Internet addiction, and the total CIAS score. Conclusion. The prevalence of maladaptive types of online behavior among adolescents in Abakan and also a high association with gender confirm the relevance of the problem and indicate the further research in the given area is needed.
Reversible regression in early childhood
Authors: Makarov I. V. , Krasnoshchekov S. A.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The article (didactic material) addresses the following aspects of the study of reversible regression in early childhood: question history, systematics, regression symptoms, including in childhood autism. The authors analyze the available data, express the opinion that the possibilities of reversible regression therapy in children have not been studied, there are no accurate data on the pathogenesis of these disorders, indicate the need to assess the dynamics of the condition, taking into account the age and sex factors of the child.The authors conclude that reversible regression is a pathological condition developing against a background of relatively favorable child development, in which there is a prolonged decay of previously acquired skills followed by partial or complete recovery. Unlike dementia, which is an irreversible process, regression has the stage of restoring lost functions. In studying the issue, clinical-dynamic analysis of variants of reversible regression of early childhood, an understanding of gender and age differences in the symptoms of the disorder, and prognosis criteria.
Revealing the biological basis of mental illness: epigenetic research as a new direction in diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Khalchitsky S. E. , Ivanov M. V. , Sogoyan M. V. , Yanushko M. G. , Tumova M. A. , Muslimova L. M. , Stanovaya V. V. , Khutoryanskaya J. V. , Vissarionov S. V.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Mental disorders are clinically heterogeneous chronic diseases resulting from complex interactions between genotype variants and environmental factors. Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation and post-translational histone modification, determine the interpretation by the body at the cellular and tissue levels of various environmental factors. Given that epigenetic modifications are environmentally sensitive, stable and reversible, epigenetic research in psychiatry may be a promising approach to better understanding and treating mental illness. This review discusses the clinical opportunities and challenges posed by epigenetic research in psychiatry. Using individual examples, the main conclusions are drawn that confirm the role of adverse life events, alone or in combination with genetic risk, in the epigenetic programming of neuropsychiatric systems. Further epigenetic studies show encouraging results in the use of methylation changes as diagnostic markers of disease manifestations and provide predictive tools for assessing progression and response to treatment. The potential for the use of targeted epigenetic pharmacotherapy, combined with psychosocial methods, in the context of the personalized medicine of the future in psychiatry is discussed next. It concludes with a discussion of methodological limitations that can make it difficult to interpret epigenetic data in psychiatry. They mainly arise due to the heterogeneity of individuals, both at the level of the whole organism and at the level of tissues, and require new strategies to better assess the biological significance of epigenetic data and their translational use in psychiatry. Overall, we believe that epigenetics can provide new insights and a more comprehensive understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of mental illness, and should ultimately improve the nosology, treatment and prevention of mental disorders.
Heterogenity of childhood absence epilepsies
Authors: Gusyakov F. I. , Belousov M. V. , Morozova E. A. , Gazizova D. G.
Published: October 2021

Summary. In connection with the growing volume of scientific data on the genetic problems of generalized epilepsy in recent decades, the ambiguity of the therapeutic tactics and prognosis of this cohort of patients has become obvious based solely on the phenotypic characteristics of the patient. It is known that epilepsies with similar phenotypes show a different genetic nature, different pathogenesis of the development of epileptogenesis and response to therapy. The outcomes also differ, both in terms of seizure control and in terms of cognitive functions.

The article presents an overview of the factors that must be taken into account when manifesting childhood absentee epilepsy: the child’s gender, types of seizures, cognitive profile, results of electroencephalography and neuroimaging. Attention is paid to the genes that determine the development of these forms of epilepsy in children.
The incidence of depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Novitskiy M. A. , Shnayder N. A. , Nasyrova R. F.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Introduction. Historically, depressive disorders have been described in various forms of schizophrenia by Kraepelin (1923) or as a reaction to illness by Bleuler (1922). One of the alternative points of view that has been considered in recent years is that depressive disorders are a comorbid condition of schizophrenia or one of the manifestations of schizophrenia. However, to date, depression, as a symptom, is not included in the diagnostic criteria of the ICD-10. Methodological approaches to diagnosing depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia differ in different countries and research groups. This influences the prevalence rates of depressive disorders in schizophrenic patients. Purpose. The study and systematization of studies of the incidence of depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia.Methods. Russian-language and foreign literature was analyzed with a search depth of 10 years (2010–2020) in the following databases: PubMed, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis Online, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, Science Direct and eLIBRARY .RU.Results. A total of 51 studies of depressive disorders in children and adults with schizophrenia were found.Conclusion. The frequency of occurrence of depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia varies from 9.1 and to 100%, the average frequency is 41.6%. Their frequency is variable and depends on the region of residence and ethnicity. It is noted that depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia are more often recorded among residents of the Middle East (72.7%), Russia (61.8%) and Europe (39.6%), less often among residents of Southeast Asia (32%) and the Pacific region ( 37.3%). The countries with the highest incidence of depressive disorders in schizophrenia include: USA, Germany, China; and to the countries with the lowest frequency — Denmark, Israel, South Africa. Also, I would like to note that the largest number of studies conducted was in Europe (16 studies with 36 928 patients with schizophrenia), the USA (6 studies with 2314 patients) and the Russian Federation (6 studies with 582 patients). In general, in the world, according to 51 studies analyzed, the incidence of depressive disorders in schizophrenia in men is higher than in women, although gender differences did not reach statistical significance in all regions of the world.
Psychological characteristics of women with problems of the facial skin: relationship with age, diagnosis, effectiveness of treatment
Authors: Bagnenko E. S.
Published: October 2021

Summary. In order to study the correlation of clinical-biological and socio-psychological characteristics of women with cosmetological problems of the skin of the face using a complex of methods of clinical, clinical-psychological and psychometric diagnostics, 110 patients of the cosmetology clinic were studied and were divided into four diagnostic groups («Gravitational ptosis»,»Mimic wrinkles»,»Acne»,»Skin dehydration»). The average age of the sample was 35.64 ± 1.11 years. The specific objectives of the study were to study the relationship between age, clinical and psychological characteristics of patients; the effectiveness of cosmetological treatment and the psychological characteristics of the patients; the degree of influence of the cosmetological problem on the vital activity and psychological characteristics of the patients; attitude towards oneself and other psychological characteristics of women with facial skin defects.Based on the analysis of special literature and the results of our own research, it is shown that it is necessary to study the relationship of psychological and clinical-biological factors for the individualization of the process of cosmetological correction of the facial skin.A statistically significant relationship was established between age and clinical diagnosis, between age and psychological characteristics of patients. It has been proven that subjective satisfaction with the results of treatment positively correlates with extraversion and self-confidence, as well as with an objective assessment of the effectiveness of treatment, which in turn is interrelated with patient satisfaction with their social and professional status, as well as with the internal orientation of the personality - factors that contribute to compliance. and partnership in the treatment process.It was revealed: the higher the severity of the facial skin defect, the more self-doubt, inability to cooperate and cooperate in the personality structure, and the lower the expert assessment of the effectiveness of treatment.
Methodology for screening assessment of the presence of hospitalism in patients of gerontopsychiatric hospital
Authors: Beltceva I. A. , Zalutskaya N. M. , Neznanov N. G.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The aim of the study was to identify nosologically nonspecific signs of hospitalism in patients of a gerontopsychiatric hospital and to develop, on their basis, a method for screening diagnostics of hospitalism.Materials and methods. We examined 194 inpatients aged 55 to 91 years, hospitalism was detected in 102 people, 92 people made up the comparison group. The survey was carried out at the stage of preparation for discharge in the form of a semi-structured interview, supplemented by the collection of anamnestic and follow-up data.Results. The most common signs of hospitalism in this sample were the deterioration of the mental and somatic state before discharge (78% of the examined patients of the main group, a confidence interval (CI) of 68–85%), a long duration of the current hospitalization (73%, CI 64–82%), violations of compliance (73%, CI 63-81%), long duration of inpatient treatment in anamnesis (71%, CI 61-80%), deterioration soon after discharge (67%, CI 52-80%), a large number of hospitalizations during the entire period of illness (67%, CI 57-76%), lack of discharge intention (62%, CI 51-72%), tendency to increase the duration of hospitalizations (54%, CI 43-64%), high level of anxiety before discharge (50% , CI 34-66%), reduction in the intervals between hospitalizations (49%, CI 38-59%), p <0.05.Conclusion. The proposed methodology is intended for screening assessment of the presence of hospitalism and identification of the circle of persons for whom an in-depth assessment of social and psychological adaptation is advisable in order to prevent the adverse effects of hospitalization.
Social frustratedness as a psychogenesis factor of adjustment disorders
Authors: Wasserman L. I. , Shchelkova O. Yu. , Dubinina E. A. , Berebin M. A. , Mikhailov V. A. , Nikiforova E. A. , Chugunov D. N.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The current biopsychosocial paradigm in medicine and medical psychology ensures the development of the theory and methodology of medical psychodiagnostics as a comprehensive study of psychological and psychosocial factors underlying mental adaptation. The diagnostic of prenosological and initial manifestations of borderline spectrum disorders designated as adjustment disorders in ICD-10 (F43.2), requires the criteria qualification of real or potential stressogenic social functioning conditions, thus, an arsenal of adequate methods of clinical and medical-psychosocial psychodiagnostics is required. The questionnaire «Social Frustration Level» represents one of such methods. The study of social frustration phenomenon as a predictor of emotional tension and stress resistance allows to characterize personality traits in relation to environmental influence and assess the specificity and pathogenic significance of socially frustrating factors. The article substantiates theoretical and methodological foundations of the questionnaire, its attributive characteristics — the phenomena of external and internal social frustration identified in medical psychodiagnostics for the first time. Socio-diagnostic criteria are illustrated by examples of the practical use in medical psychodiagnostics of social frustration in teachers of mass schools, the military and in patients with focal epilepsy. The specified research contingent is united by the problem of stress resistance in crisis situations (including a disease situation and the attitude to the disease). The questionnaire «Social Frustration Level» can be considered as a necessary form of psychosocial diagnostics of stress genesis, a source of information in screening psychoprophylactic studies, as well as in the forming of indications for psycho- and sociotherapy.
On the markers for schizophrenia
Authors: Erichev A. N. , Bode I. I. , Polyakova V. O. , Kotsubinsky A. P. , Butoma B. G.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The study of various markers indicating an imbalance in both the neurotransmitter and immune systems observed in patients with schizophrenia is currently of great scientific and practical interest. These studies allow us to deepen knowledge about the etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenic spectrum disorders, to facili-tate the classification and conduct of differential diagnosis in complex diagnostic cases. The article presents the results of laboratory studies of DMT-1, CD4, CD20, CD34 and dopamine in 24 people suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, and 14 healthy individuals.

The aim of the study was to determine DMT-1, CD4, CD20, CD34 and dopamine as possible markers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia using the minimally invasive method.Materials and methods: Buccal epithelium was taken in 2 groups of patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia receiving and not receiving therapy with psychotropic drugs. The third group consisted of healthy volunteers. The samples were studied by the immunocytochemical method followed by visualization using scanning laser confocal microscopy and morphometric analysis.Results and discussion: : It was revealed that the markers studied were found to be associated with the nature of mental disorder, but not with the influence of psychotropic drugs used in it. Conclusion: The results of this study may indicate the possibility of minimally invasive diagnosis of schizophrenia using this method; however, the authors note that the results of the study should be considered preliminary. It is necessary to expand the number of patients and compare them with groups of patients suffering from other mental disorders, which is certainly important for assessing the adequacy of the proposed method and the possibility of its use in differential diagnosis.
Influence of attachment on socio-psychological adaptation and its dynamics in the course of treatment in adolescent patients with schizotypal disorder
Authors: Guseva O. V. , Kotsubinsky A. P. , Zvenigorodskaya J. D.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Purpose. Study of the influence of attachment quality (based on the analysis of its representation) on the results of treatment and socio-psychological adaptation of adolescent patients with schizotypal disorder.Materials and Methods. 41 adolescents with pseudoneurotic type of schizotypal disorder were surveyed [F 21.3]. All respondents were divided into two groups based on the type of early attachment to mother («reliable attachment» and «unreliable attachment»). A battery of 6 tests was used: a questionnaire for studying of coping-behavior ways (Lazarus R., Folkman С., WCQ, The Waysof Coping Questionnaire, 1988); test LSI, Life style index Plutchik R., Kellerman H., 1979 (in adapt.Wasserman L. I., etc., 1998), the modified questionnaire of attachment ( Yaremchuk M. V., 2005; in modific. Almazova O.V., Burmenskaya G.V., 2015), SCL-90R («Simptom Check List-90-Revised»; Derogatis, Rickels, Rock, 1976), integrative anxiety test (Bizyuk A.P, Wasserman L.I., Iovlev B.V., 2005), scale of assessment of social functioning of patients (Kotsyubinsky A.P., Sheinina N.S., etc. 2013). Studied were the features of protectively-adaptive behavior and the actual psychological symptomatic status, indicators of personal and situational anxiety, as well as features of contact with the doctor, and dynamics of indicators of social adaptation during treatment.Results. Confirmed the relationship of representation unreliable type of attachment to the mother, in patients with schizotypal disorder, and sustained violation in the sphere of relationships with parents, disorders of emotional regulation, reduce psychological adaption in general. In such patients, during the treatment process, lower compliance indicators, specific features of the protective-coping style of behavior, as well as slower rates of psychological and social recovery were revealed.Conclusion. According to the results of the study, data indicating the negative impact of unreliable attachment in adolescent patients with schizotypal disorder on psychological recovery during treatment and socio — psychological adaptation of patients in general were obtained. Psychotherapeutic recommendations are presented.
Editorial
Authors: Ciudad-Reynaud Manuel Antonio
Published: October 2021

200 años de la Proclamación de la Independencia del Perú. Es bastante tiempo y se ha avanzado mucho en el camino del objetivo por todos de- seado: Independencia. Podemos decir que aún nos falta un trecho por recorrer. Todo depende de qué es lo que entendemos por ‘independen- cia’. Si lo comprendemos como la liberación del dominio español, este fue conquistado y consolidado mucho después del 28 de julio de 1821, fecha en que se proclamó la Independencia por José de San Martín.
El enigma del coronavirus – Covid-19 durante el Bicentenario de la Independencia del Perú – El síndrome poscovid – Las vacunas – La gestante
Authors: Romero José Pacheco
Published: October 2021

Han trascurrido dieciocho meses desde que se declaró como pandemia la infección COVID-19 ocasionada por el SARS-CoV-2. No existe aún tratamiento contra el virus, salvo el sintomático y recuperativo. El rápido reconocimiento del nuevo coronavirus permitió la elaboración de vacunas que están siendo usadas de emergencia y han permitido disminuir los casos graves, hospitalizaciones, uso de unidades de cuidados intensivos, ventilación mecánica y muertes. Pero aún quedan incógnitas sobre las modificaciones genéticas y variantes que el virus utiliza para una mejor invasión y adaptación a las defensas del ser humano, así como sobre sus consecuencias inmediatas y a largo plazo en el hombre, la mujer y su niño. Parece distante alcanzar la inmunización de rebaño, porque desconocemos la inmunidad proporcionada por la infección y por las vacunas, así como su duración, y por la importante parte de la población que no desea vacunarse. Además, existe insuficiente capacidad de oferta de vacunas, accesibilidad limitada a los servicios de salud, situación económica desfavorable, incremento de la pobreza y sus consecuencias, disminución temporal de la expectativa de vida y otras complicaciones secundarias a la infección por el virus. La presente revisión es un recuento breve de lo avanzado recientemente en el conocimiento y manejo del COVID-19, en momentos en que el Perú celebra el Bicentenario de la Independencia del país del dominio español, un 28 de julio de 1821, y que encuentra a los peruanos en medio de una pandemia agresiva, elusiva y mortal, y con aspectos humanos, poblacionales, económicos y políticos a resolver.
MARKET EFFICIENCY IN ITS WEAK FORM: THE PRE-COVID AND COVID INDONESIA ANALYSIS
Authors:   School of Business and Administration, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Portugal and CEFAGE-UE, IIFA, University of Évora, Portugal, Dias Rui , Heliodoro Paula ,   School of Business and Administration, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Portugal, Alexandre Paulo ,   School of Business and Administration, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Portugal, Santos Hortense ,   School of Business and Administration, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Portugal, Vasco Cristina ,   IEFP, Portugal
Published: October 2021

This essay aims to analyze the efficiency, in its weak form, in the Exchange Markets IDR/MYR (Indonesia-Malaysia), IDR/PHP (Indonesia-Philippines), IDR/SGD (Indonesia-Singapore), IDR/THB (Indonesia-Thailand), IDR/GBP (Indonesia-UK), IDR/US (Indonesia-USA), IDR/EUR (Indonesia-Euro Zone/Europe). The sample comprises the period from September 3, 2018, to October 20, 2020, and the sample was partitioned into two subperiods: Pre-Covid and Covid. To carry out this analysis, different approaches were undertaken to assess whether: (i) the global pandemic promoted in(efficiency) in the exchange rates of Indonesia vs Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, UK, USA, Eurozone? The results suggest that in the Pre-Covid subperiod we can see that the random walk hypothesis is rejected, IDR/MYR (0.61), IDR/SGD (0.60), IDR/US (0.59), IDR/THB (0.56), IDR/EUR (0.55), IDR/GBP (0.54), except for the IDR/PHP pair (0.45) which evidences anti persistence. Already in the Covid period, we noticed that persistence increased significantly, like followed, IDR/EUR (0.82), IDR/PHP (0.81) IDR/SGD (0.80), IDR/US (0.80), IDR/MYR (0.78), IDR/THB (0.71), IDR/GBP (0.62). These findings show high levels of arbitrage, i.e., investors will be able to obtain abnormal profitability without incurring the additional risk, which could jeopardize the implementation of efficient portfolio diversification strategies due to market imbalance. The authors believe that these findings can help policymakers formulate a comprehensive response to improve the efficiency of the foreign exchange market during a global pandemic event.
IMPACT OF LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT ON COMMERCIAL BANKS PROFITABILITY IN KOSOVO DURING THE PERIOD 2011-2019
Authors:   Faculty of Economics, University of Tetovo, North Macedonia, Ahmeti Yllka , Ahmeti Ardi ,   Faculty of Economics, University of Prishtina, Kalimashi Albina ,   Faculty of Economics, University of Prishtina
Published: October 2021

Liquidity management and its impact on the profitability of commercial banks are two issues of particular importance in the further development of the business and at the same time two sources of concern for financial managers. For this reason, this study aims to determine the impact of changes in liquidity levels on the profitability of commercial banks in Kosovo. The study is based on secondary data for nine commercial banks in Kosovo over 9 years, respectively for the period from 2011 to 2019, taken from the audited annual statements of these financial institutions. The study measures the relationship between liquidity management and profitability and its impact on profitability. In order to process the data, regression analysis and correlation were used, while the findings determine whether there is a significant relationship between liquidity management and profitability in commercial banks in Kosovo. The current ratio, the quick ratio, the cash ratio and the capital adequacy ratio have been taken as liquidity indicators, while return on assets and return on equity are considered as profitability indicators.
TAXATION ARISING FROM DIGITALISATION: ISSUES AT STAKE
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain, Velarde Aramayo Silvia
Published: October 2021

The OECD is leading global efforts to reach an international consensus around the BEPS Project with the G20 support. Action 1 works on the tax challenges of the digital economy and its proposals have been made with the «inclusive framework» participation that brings together more than 137 countries. The article focuses on the legitimacy, operation, and consequences of all this work for developing countries that, according to estimates of the UNCTAD, lost annually U$100 billion due to tax avoidance schemes by MNEs. The OECD/G20 inclusive framework is designing a new global tax structure and its proposals attempt to introduce new rules on taxing rights allocation and distribution. At the same time, some countries have adopted unilateral measures in order to tax some digital businesses. Finally, the European Union Countries continue to delay the adoption of the CCCTB and DST Directive proposals, and the United States has introduced the GILTI legislation that seeks to tax the global intangible income. Everything seems to indicate that in the next years the international tax architecture will be changed in deep.
HEALTHY ECONOMY: MOBILE APPLICATION TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABILITY IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC
Authors:   Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal, Afonso Virca , Silveira Clara ,   Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal, Reis Leonilde ,   Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
Published: October 2021

Information and communication technologies enhance the digital transformation of society by accelerating and impacting changes in people’s lives. This paper presents a technological solution, within the scope of the Sustainable Development Goals that intends to implement initiatives to “Eradicate Poverty” and “Healthy Living”, namely an application that provides suggestions to optimize savings. The application has underlying concerns in the scope of Psychological Health, as an integral part of the Health of the human being, allowing to perceive the user’s state of mind. It is also considered relevant that people have good psychological health so that they can manage their resources in a rational and intelligent way. The agile methodology was behind the development of the project as a process that combines the iterative model and the incremental model. The Healthy Economy application thus contributes to raising awareness of the rational management of financial resources, promoting the Sustainable Development Goals.