bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A.A. Guseinov’s Negative Ethics at the Intersection of Justification Strategies of Morality
Authors:   Tula Branch of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Gelfond Maria L.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the negative ethics of Abdusalam A. Guseinov as an original way to justify absolute morality. The supposition of the philosopher’s ethical rea­soning is an appeal to the Aristotelian understanding of the Supreme Good as the ultimate goal, the achievement of which does not depend on external conditions and fully coincides with the individually responsible decision of a reasonable subject. The choice of such goal determines the self-sufficiency of moral motiva­tion which creates an indisputable priority of moral obligation over all other hu­man obligations and motives. As a result, the justification of morality is devel­oped by A.A. Guseinov as the logic of convincing an individual capable to rank her life goals in the absolute priority of striving for the Supreme Good. Accord­ing to A.A. Guseinov the adequate embodiments of this goal setting are a) the moral prohibition interpreted as a norm having direct effect and b) the negative act that consistently implements this prohibition. The decision to commit such an act is made in the course of “thought-experiment” and is fixed in the subjunc­tive mood, which A.A. Guseinov (by the example of the Golden rule and Kant’s categorical imperative) assigns the key role in the sphere of morality. At the same time identity of moral responsibility with individual one, established in M.M. Bakhtin’s philosophy of action, cements the synthesis of Aristotelian and Kantian strategies for justifying morality in the negative ethics. A.A. Guseinov considers the ethics of non-violence a final normative concretization of absolute morality. The ethics of non-violence ensures the genuine independence of the moral subject both from the external circumstances and actions of other people, and from her own inclinations and affects.
A comparative study on soul and life in the philosophy of Aristotle and Ibn Sina (with an emphasis on the book De Anima and Kitāb al-Nafs from al-Šifa’)
Authors:   Imam Khomeini International University, Nazari Mahmoud , Mollayousefi Majid ,   Imam Khomeini International University, Zahedi Mohammad Sadeq ,   Imam Khomeini International University
Published: January 2022

Numerous works have been written in different languages ​​about the nature of the soul and soul-body relations in the viewpoint of Aristotle. In the meantime, due to the high in­fluence that Ibn Sina has received from Aristotle in his philosophy, a considerable num­ber of these works have also been done as comparative studies on the psychology of Aris­totle and Ibn Sina. These works have explained the commonalities of the two philoso­phers as well as the differences that exist in Ibn Sina's psychology in definition of the soul, its essence, soul-body relations and so on. But no study has independently examined the difference between the soul and life in the viewpoint of Ibn Sina and nor compared these differences with what Aristotle expresses in his works. Our aim in this article is to compare the opinion of Aristotle and Ibn Sina about the nature of the soul and life, and to show how they think differently.
The archpriest Avvakum’s questions and answers in relation to the philosophical and theological definitions in his “Book of Rebuke”
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shpakovsky Mikhail V.
Published: January 2022

The author proposes explores the thesaurus of philosophical and dogmatic definitions in the second part of Archpriest Avvakum’s “Book of Rebukes”. The thesaurus has been preserved in a single fairly complete manuscript published by P.S. Smirnov, which had not been studied by researchers earlier. The growing value of the dogmatical, logical and philosophical issues in Moscow Russia coupled with Avvakum's personal polemical needs during the ‘Pustozersk controversies’ with his spiritual son, diakon Feodor, starets Ephrem Potemkin and Ignatiy Solovetsky inspired the creation of thesaurus. It has a question-answer structure consisting of such parts as Trinity, God’s entity, collected na­ture, nature, subsistence, being subsistent, entity, hypostasis, God. The thesausrus is di­vided into two parts; the first part contains definitions in a general sense, the second pro­vides those in relation to the Deity and the Trinity. Next, there is an extensive part where Avvakum explains the Trinity with new clarifications on the difference between individual and universal beings. The author explores each of these definitions and their respective in­terpretations and demonstrates that the text of the “Book” contains literal borrowings from “Capita Philosophica” of John of Damascus and “Small Catechism Book” of Pietr Mogila. Some of the terminological features of Avvakum’s language suggest the influ­ence of other logical works. It is further proposed that certain Avvakum’s articles were corrupted by the scribe. The article also contains a diagram of the relations that exist among Avvakum’s terms. The diagram helps the reader understanding his work better. The conclusion is that this thesaurus is very important for a correct reconstruction of Av­vakums’ trinitarian and metaphysical views.
Plotinus on descent of the soul
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bugai Dmitry V.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the main problems associated with the theme of the fall of the soul in the “Enneads”. The author proposes a clarification of the conceptual premises underly­ing Plotinus' ideas about the “descent of the soul into the body”. These premises include Plotinus’ doctrine of the soul as a conjunction of unity and plurality (in connection with the doctrine of quality and the body), Plotinus’ doctrine of the identity of the subject of sensory perception (in connection with the criticism of the Stoic theory of perception), “metaphor of sciences”, which describes in a new way the relationship between the soul as a hypostasis and individual souls. The article shows the role and significance of the “proneness” of an individual soul as a determining factor in its descent, it also analyzes the relationship between “freedom” and “necessity” in this process.
“Philosophical robinsonade” of Ibn al-Nafis
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nofal Faris O.
Published: January 2022

The present article reviews the philosophical and religious teaching by Ibn al-Nafis – a prominent doctor and thinker of the 13th century. The study was carried out on the basis of his treatise ‘Kamil’s Message in Prophet’s Sirah’ which is the last classical work written in the genre of a ‘philosophical robinsonade’. The author analyzes the content of the aforementioned work and carries out a detailed research of the connection of ‘Kamil’s Message’ with earlier traditions within the Arabic Muslim thought as well as with the theory of the ‘father of sociology’ Ibn Khaldun, which appeared several decades later. It is shown that Ibn Nafis’s theology matches, on the whole, the traditional Maturidi theo­logical doctrine, while its natural, philosophical, and anthropologic views are a deve­lopment of the legacy of Mutazilite Mutakallimes and Arabic peripathetics (especially, Ibn Tufayl). Ibn Nafis’s conception of society and the sense of social processes forestalls the concepts by Ibn Khaldun. In particular, Ibn al-Nafis develops the dichotomy of ‘city inhabitants’ and ‘desert inhabitants’, the category of ‘livelihood’ and a theory of the influ­ence that geographical and climate factors have on peoples. Ibn Nafis also explores pat­terns in historical process and the impact that tyrannical governors and economic rela­tions have on it. The author also discusses Ibn al-Nafis’s eschatological ‘futurology’ ac­cording to which the end of the world is approaching in virtue of natural reasons that, in their turn, will come about as the result of the peculiarities of the course of human history.
The “another way” of epistemology: discover true science!
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zagidullin Z.K.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the description of another (different from Kantianism) path of epistemology, which consists in analyzing not the conditions for the possibility of knowledge, but the historically existing phenomena of the production and distribution of knowledge in science. To do this, it is necessary to analyze different types of empirical material: scientific theories, intrascientific reflection of scientists and visible patterns of scientists’ activities presented in historical and sociological cases. The efficiency of this version of empirical epistemology (formed on the basis of the theory of social relay races by M.A. Rozov) is demonstrated by the example of epistemological analysis of psychology as a science. The key benefit of using empirical epistemology is that there is a fundamental opportunity to falsify the conclusions of philosophers, and due to this, to make the models and concepts of epistemology rich and heuristic that allow you to see the true science.
Is the political subjectivity of science deduced from facts?
Authors:   Interregional public organization “Russian Society of History and Philosophy of Science”, Porus V.N.
Published: January 2022

Science as a political subject is a theme of philosophy of science. The political activity of scientific structures is poorly realized in the societies which are at the depressive level of political culture when participation of scientists in political life has sporadic and dependent character. But in an obligation mode the philosophy of science considers political subjectivity of science as the very realization of its potential. This consideration provokes the growth of political activity of science. The philosophy of science is “a system with a reflection”, in M.A. Rozov’s sense. The ideas of political reality and potential of political subjects that are formed by philosophy of science have an impact on formation of this reality and realization of the subject potential of science.
Does epistemology need to investigate empirical facts?
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lektorsky V.A.
Published: January 2022

The author has investigated the discussion about the way of elaborating epistemological problems: is it necessary to preserve traditional philosophical problems and methods of analysis or it is better to give up philosophical ways of thinking and to begin developing epistemology as empirical science. The author defends the thesis that now epistemology is engaging in an intensive dialogue with cognitive sciences, that presupposes mutual enrichment and mutual criticism. At the same time epistemology doesn’t lose its normative function, as it a critically analyses the presuppositions of theories in cognitive sciences. In this connection the theory of social relay races bу outstanding Russian philosopher M.A. Rozov is being analyzed.
The myth of the three crises in foundations of mathematics Part 2
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shaposhnikov V.A.
Published: January 2022

The story of “the three crises in foundations of mathematics” is widely popular in Russian publications on the philosophy of mathematics. This paper aims at evaluating this story against the background of the contemporary scholarship in the history of mathematics. The conclusion is that it should be considered as a specimen of modern myth-making activity brought to the fore by an unconscious tendency to model the whole history of mathematics on the pattern of the foundational crisis of the first decades of the 20th century. What is more, the consideration of the specific role and character of the foundations in both early Greek mathematics and 18th-century mathematics gives an occasion to raise a more general question regarding the true meaning of the historicity of mathematics. In the first part of this paper, it has been demonstrated that there is no evidence to recognize the so-called “first foundational crisis” in pre-Euclidean Greek mathematics caused by the discovery of incommensurable magnitudes. The second part is mainly devoted to the historical situation of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, the alleged epoch of “the second foundational crisis” caused by the obscurity of the basic notions of the calculus. Despite the lack of clarity as far as the foundations of mathematical analysis are concerned, there are no signs of a foundational crisis in 18th-century mathematics. On the contrary, in the 19th century, at the time of “the second scientific revolution”, there are striking illustrations of crisis awareness. The cultural processes that engendered this awareness are shown to be identical for the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, hence the second and the third foundational crises are proved to be the different stages of the same unique crisis. Finally, we have only one foundational crisis instead of three.
The Cult of Security as a Totalitarian Threat
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Fatenkov Aleksey
Published: January 2022

The author’s idea is to stress the contradictory nature of the security phenomenon and to emphasize that excessive security — desired, required, or achieved — turns into its own destructive opposite and becomes a totalitarian threat. Real security that is essential for a meaningful life is achieved through a closely reasoned self-confidence and trust-based relationships with just a few others. Alienation by an individual of a self-defense resource in favor of third parties and structures leads to a totalitarian cult of security that turns it into a farce.
"Mummification of Culture": Modern Approaches to Memorial Practices
Authors:   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Spirova Elvira
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to a critical analysis of modern approaches to the memorialization of culture prevailing in Western European philosophical thought, using the example of R. Debray's mediology. It is shown that the very appeal to the problems of death and the preservation of the memory of the past is extremely significant today against the background of the "acceleration of history", the loss of the unity of historical time and the plurality of views on the past. However, the translation of the experience of the past through traces of memory reduces the idea of culture only to its "bodily" expression. Culture is considered as the sum of acquisitions accumulated and transferred by a individual as a biological species. The conclusion is made about the convergence in modern concepts of the notion of memory with the notion of information. The view of the accumulation and distribution of artifacts in the outside world as a universal way of compensating for the collective "unconsciousness" of mankind is criticized.
On the Humanistic Orientation of Sociology's Development
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Kozyrkov Vladimir
Published: January 2022

The article describes sociology as a humanistic social science. It is originally a rational form of social consciousness and the basis for the development of democratic processes in society. However, sociology has always contained alternative directions of development that have led to its crisis or denial altogether. This is particularly acute in contemporary sociology, manifesting itself in a number of ways. It does not yet give all people the ability to be actors of power, to take an active stand in society and to act their own deliberate actions.
Cedric Robinson and Anthropology of Black Marxism
Authors:   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Shuliko Georgy
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the views of Cedric Robinson on Marxism and the so-called "black Marxism". The author examines Robinson's criticism of the materialistic understanding of history from the point of view of a civilizational approach, reveals the meaning of the concept of "racial capitalism". He suggests how Marxism can fend off Robinson’s criticism and also talks about the possible fate of Marxism and its black radical criticism.
The Problem of the Sacred in the Context of the History of Philosophical Thought
Authors:   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Storozhenko Natalia
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the general history of the formation of the phenomenon of sacred, as well as its potential for research in the context of the history of philosophical thought. Within the framework of the existing trends in the study of the sacred, it is customary to analyze the phenomenon either in its narrow subject specialization, or in the context of individual disciplines with which it finds a connection. At the same time, the phenomenon is not fully considered as a separate phenomenon that exerts and undergoes internal and external changes within the framework of general secular trends in the development of mankind. It is assumed that this situation develops due to insufficient research of the phenomenon within the historical context. The author believes that this problem can be solved with the help of historical reconstruction of the phenomenon, analyzing it indirectly, through the connection with monotheistic religions and pagan cults.
Anthropocentrism between Depression and Psychosis: Autonomy of Affect
Authors:   Glinka Nizhny Novgorod Conservatoire, Dorozhkin Egor
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article is to problematize the theme of the individual psychoemotional health of a modern person and indicate an alternative interpretation of affect. This problem is investigated not from the point of view of the individual's autonomy, but from a trans-individual perspective, in which modern depression is associated not with the problems of an individual suffering subject, but with the sociocultural situation that produces this subject. The recursiveness of the individual and society ultimately has a structural-semiotic character, mediated by representation. It is suggested that it is the affect that can serve to open up alternative ways in understanding subjective life and building new cultural practices.
The clash or cooperation of civilizations? Current reviews of Huntington’s theory from western specialists
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences., Rakova Kristina V.
Published: January 2022

The article dwells on an issue-based thematic review of recent publications devoted to the civilizational approach of S. Huntington and his “clash of civilizations” theory in American, Canadian, British, Spanish and French academic journals, covered in the Scopus database. The author characterizes five main aspects of these articles in the context of the “Russian Civilizational Development Project”, including the inter­pretation of the facts of inter-civilizational cooperation. As a result of the content analy­sis, the author divides the studies into several groups according to the type of fundamen­tal factors considered as principal sources of modern international clashes and conflicts, such as: political and economic interests of states, strengthening of the national identity of the American population, affiliation with Orthodox civilization. Two special groups include studies, in which authors positively assess S. Huntington’s theory, but do not share his civilizational grouping of countries and offer their own classification; as well as the original empirical research on the perception of modern countries and its coalition formation by modern youth. With the aim to analyze inter-civilizational cooperation, the author examines the collective work “Clash or cooperation of civilizations?” in which scientists from different countries justify their points of view on the current state on international scene in the context of Huntington’s theory. The results of the ana­lytical review, obtained during the semi-formalized assessment using six author’s vari­ables, indicate that experts from different countries put forward arguments for and against the “clash of civilizations” concept. The academic community agrees that civi­lizational differences play an important role in the emergence of military conflicts, but do not assign priority to civilizational issues, considering political and economic inter­ests of states as the root cause of modern international conflicts.
Russian Civilization and the “Women’s Question” (XV – early XX century)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Voronina Olga A.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article is to present a general picture of how the idea of normative femininity was formed in the process of the historical development of Russian civiliza­tion from the 15th to the beginning of the 20th centuries. The empirical base of the analy­sis consists of research materials on social and gender history, ethnography, and social philosophy. The main role in the formation of gender norms was played by the Orthodox Church, the autocratic state, the class social structure, and the agrarian type of produc­tion. Thus, the establishment of monotheism in Russia contributed to the formation of a patriarchal social order, which is characterized by the primacy of men and the subor­dination of women. This, together with changes in socio-economic conditions, the forma­tion of privileged estates and the influence of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, led to the depriva­tion of women of the rights that they had in Ancient Russia. A few centuries later, the reforms of Peter I dealt a significant blow to the archaic traditions. His innovations marked the beginning of the formation of secular legislation in the field of marriage and family relations, which reduced the role of canon law, prohibited some particularly fanati­cal domestic norms against women, and limited the power of the husband in the family. Europeanization contributed to the secularization of the social consciousness of the upper strata of society and the introduction of Western norms of social and cultural life. Later, the modernization of Russia, the abolition of serfdom, the development of industry and the wider involvement of women in it required an increase in their level of education. Beginning in the middle of the XIX century discussions about women’s right to univer­sity and vocational education, and to the right to vote, contributed to the awakening of women’s social activism. The author analyzes the specifics of the three main directions in the discussion of the “women’s issue”. One of them – the so-called theology of sex -was in line with the Russian philosophical tradition. The other two approaches drew on the socialist and liberal ideas of Western thinkers. The author comes to the conclusion that, in general, the formation of the normative gender structure in Russia proceeded in the same way as it did in European civilization: from the initial rigid gender hierarchy to the gradual empowerment of women until women received voting rights in April 1917. The article shows that the development of Russian civilization in the gender aspect went from patriarchal traditions to the provision of greater rights and opportunities to women. These trends were continued in Soviet times. The article provides convincing material to refute the claims of Russian conservative ideologists about the inviolability of patriar­chal gender norms in Russia.
The Role of Life Skills Training In Developing An Attitude of Authentic Leadership In Public Health Specialists: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study In Poland
Authors: Jaworski Mariusz , Panczyk Mariusz , Cieślak Ilona , Baranowska Agata , Brukało Katarzyna , Grzebieluch Jolanta , Kwaśniewska Magdalena , Urbaniak Monika , Zarzeczna-Baran Marzena , Zyska Aleksandra , Gotlib Joanna
Published: January 2022

Background: Effective healthcare decision making involves the use of decision-making skills (DMS). DMS are considered to be crucial life skills conditioning proper group social functioning (i.e. support authentic leadership skills - ALS) and increasing one's chances of success and wellbeing in life. Nonetheless, the number of scientific papers addressing the role of LS in developing ALS in PH specialists is limited. Aim of the study was to develop a theoretical model to determine the role of selected LS in developing authentic leadership skills in public health specialists.Methods: The study was conducted from January 16 through February 28, 2018. In total, 653 students undertaking in-service training in Master's degree programs were qualified for the study, and complete data sets were obtained from 329 students ( response rate 50.38% ). The error margin was 3.17% (95% confidence level). The data were collected by means of a paper questionnaire. Four research tools were used in the study: The Authentic Leadership Self-Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ), The Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ), The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), The Youth Leadership Life Skills Development (YLLSD).Results: Two subgroups were identified among the public health specialists in the study: 1) the extra social skills training group (N = 113), and 2) the no extra social skills training group (N = 216). Both groups of the study participants did not differ significantly in age (M [SD]: 25.0 [3.89] vs. 25.0 [3.66]; t = 0.068, P = 0.946). On the other hand, clear differences were observed in the case of the respondents' participation in voluntary service. The respondents from the extra SST group declared participation in voluntary activities less frequently than the respondents from the no extra SST group (48.7 vs. 31.9%). Both calculated measures (CMIN = 15.020, df = 8 and CMIN/DF = 1.88) point to the empirical confirmation of the model. Conclusions: A course aimed at strengthening authentic leadership competences should be modular, focus on self-improvement and critical reflection, as well as spread over time so as to enable and encourage each participant to grow and flourish at their own pace.
SADLN: Self-Attention Based Deep Learning Network of Integrating Multi-omics Data for Cancer Subtype Recognition
Authors: Gong Ping , Sun Qiuwen , Cheng Lei , Zhang Zhiyuan , Ge Shuguang , Chen Jie , Zhang Longzhen
Published: January 2022

Background: Integrating multi-omics data for cancer subtype recognition is an important task in bioinformatics. Recently, deep learning has applied to recognize the subtype of cancers. However, existing studies almost integrate the multi-omics data simply by concatenation as the single data and then learn a latent low-dimensional representation through deep learning model, which didn't considering the distributes differently of omics data. Moreover, these methods ignore the relationship of samples. Results :In order to tackle these problems, we proposed SADLN: a self-attention based deep learning network of integrating multi-omics data for cancer subtype recognition. SADLN combined encoder, self-attention, decoder, and discriminator into a unified framework, which can not only integrate multi-omics data but also adaptively model the sample’s relationship for learning a accurately latent low-dimensional representation. With the integrated representation learned from the network, SADLN used Gaussian Mixture Model to identify cancer subtypes. Experiments on ten cancer datasets of TCGA demonstrated the advantages of SADLN compared to ten methods. Conclusions: The Self-Attention Based Deep Learning Network (SADLN) is a effective method of integrate multi-omics data for cancer subtype recognition.
Domain patterns with paired soliton walls stabilized by polar surface interactions in a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Basnet Bijaya , Rajabi Mojtaba , Wang Hao , Thapa Kamal , Paul Sanjoy , Lavrentovich Oleg
Published: January 2022

Surface interactions are responsible for many properties of condensed matter, ranging from crystal faceting to the kinetics of phase transitions. Usually, these interactions are polar along the normal to the interface and apolar within the interface. Here we demonstrate that polar in-plane surface interactions produce stable domain structures in the bulk of a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal. Monodomains form in micron-thick cells, while thicker cells feature quasiperiodic stripes of an alternating uniform electric polarization, separated by domain walls, within which the polarization rotates by 180°. The surface polarity makes these walls paired with a total rotation by 360°. Analysis of the domain structures allows one to determine the polar contribution to the surface anchoring potential. The 360° pairs of domain walls resemble domain walls in cosmology models with biased vacuums and ferromagnets in an external magnetic field. The polarity-biased ferroelectric structures are highly susceptible to weak electric fields and could lead to applications in advanced electro-optics, sorting of polar inclusions, sensing, memory, and grating devices.
Stable Cellulose Separator Based on Sodium Chloride for Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Kung Do Chun Nam , Kang Sang Wook
Published: January 2022

In this study, we fabricated porous membrane based on cellulose acetate by adding NaCl for a low cost and pro-environmental process. We succeeded in manufacturing the cellulose acetate (CA)/NaCl composites with small micro-sized pores for stable separator. NaCl existed as ionic aggregates in CA polymer and disrupts the interaction between CA chains. Thus, the CA/NaCl composites were plasticized. Plasticized regions of the CA/NaCl composites became small micro-sized pore, applying hydrostatic force at 8 bar. The pore morphology of surface and cross section of the CA/NaCl composites were confirmed by SEM. The small micro-sized pores were measured by water flux. In addition, the interaction between NaCl and functional group of CA was measured by using FT-IR spectroscopy. TGA was used to identify for thermostability of the CA/NaCl composites matrix.
Small Private Online Course Based Flipped Classroom Approach for Supporting Undergraduate Medical Technology Students on Immunology Study
Authors: Loharungsikul Somying , Eumbunnapong Kawitsara , Nilsook Prachyanun , Panjaburee Patcharin
Published: January 2022

Background
Small private online course (SPOC) combined with the flipped classroomis established in higher education as an innovative tool for improvingstudents’ learning efficiency.To investigate the impact of the SPOC-based flipped classroomapproach, we implemented this reform pedagogy on anbasic immunology course for medical technology students.
Methods
The undergraduate medical technology students of Mahidol Universityenrolled SPOC platform for self-active online learning in the detection of immunological reactions and applications and then attended the face-to-face teaching activity in the classroom. The learning improvement was evaluated by conceptual test (CT)throughout this reform curriculum. Furthermore, students were required to fill in a questionnaire to reflect their perceptions and motivations.
Results
A significant increase in the overall score data of the mid- and the post-conceptual test was found. The result indicated that SPOC based flipped classroom method improved university students’learning knowledge in the detection of immunology reactions and applications. From the perception and motivation questionnaires, students had a positive attitude in which they had more practical and meaningful activities with this reform course. Students revealed that better interest and enjoyment with less anxiety could induce them to connect the topic to their career in the future.
Conclusions
TheSPOC-based flipped classroom approach effectively encouraged students’learning improvement and positively impacted their learning perceptions and motivations on fundamental immunology study in the field of medical technology education.
Laser-Ablative Aqueous Synthesis and Characterization of Elemental Boron Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Pastukhov Andrei , Belyaev Iaroslav , Bulmahn Julia , Zelepukin Ivan , Popov Anton , Zavestovskaya Irina , Klimentov Sergei , Deyev Sergey , Prasad Paras , Kabashin Andrei
Published: January 2022

Boron-based nanoformulations look very promising for biomedical applications, including photo- and boron neutron capture therapies, but the fabrication of non-toxic water-dispersible boron (B) nanoparticles (NPs), which contain the highest boron atom concentration, is difficult using currently available chemical and plasma synthesis methods. Here, we demonstrate purely aqueous synthesis of clean boron NPs by methods of femtosecond laser ablation from a solid boron target in water, thus free of any toxic organic solvents, and characterize their properties. We show that despite highly oxidizing water ambience, the laser-ablative synthesis process follows an unusual scenario leading to the formation of elemental boron NPs together with boric acid (H3BO3) as an oxidation by-product, which acts to stabilize the elemental boron NPs dispersion. It was found that the formed NPs are spherical and composed of crystalline core covered by a thin sub-oxide shell, while their mean size is about 50 nm. We then demonstrate the purification of boron NPs from residual boric acid in deionized water, followed by their coating with polyethylene glycol to improve colloidal stability and biocompatibility. The synthesized NPs demonstrate low toxicity. They exhibit relatively strong absorption over a broad spectral range, in the NIR window of relative tissue transparency, promising their use as contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging and sensitizers of phototherapy, in addition to their promise for neutron capture therapy. This combined potential ability of generating imaging and therapy functionalities makes laser-synthesized B NPs a very promising multifunctional agent for biomedical applications.
Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Three Indian Soils: Method Development and Validation Using Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arijita , Pardeshi Anita , Nerpagar Apurva , Banerjee Kaushik
Published: January 2022

The paper aimed to develop an effective multiresidue extraction method in three major soil types, namely i) new alluvial soil (NAS); ii) red lateritic soil (RS) and iii) black soil (BS) in the Indian subcontinent for determining the residues of pesticides from various chemical classes. To establish an effective pre-treatment process, an ethyl acetate-based extraction method with a freezing out cleanup step was employed. The analysis was performed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The validation experiments were performed on 220 GC-amenable pesticides by spiking all soil samples. The linearity of the calibration curves was satisfactory in matrix-matched standards and yielded the coefficients of determination (R2) ≥0.99 for approximately 98% of the target analytes in all matrices. At 10 ng/g, the recoveries of the spiked pesticides were in the range of 70–120%, with associated precision-RSD values ≤20% for approximately 85%, 88.6% and 89% of the compounds for BS, RS and NAS respectively. At the higher spiking levels of 20 and 50 ng/g, average recoveries and RSDs readily met the validation criteria of all the studied pesticides. Overall, the method holds potential as a suitable procedure for multiresidue analysis in soils for safety evaluation and risk assessment purposes.
The Association Between Climate Factors and Scrub Typhus Incidence in South Korea in 2001–2019
Authors: Seo Donghee , Choi Yoon-Jung , Hong Yun-Chul
Published: January 2022

Background: Global warming has compromised human health by increasing the incidence of infectious diseases. Scientific evidence is required to expand the knowledge of the association between meteorological factors and the incidence of infectious diseases. Our study focused on meteorological factors such as ambient temperature (AT), humidity, and scrub typhus incidence.Objective: We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of AT and relative humidity (RH) elevation on scrub typhus incidence in South Korea.Method: Meteorological variables were combined with scrub typhus cases reported from 2001 to 2019 in South Korea. A generalized additive model was used to explore the nonlinearity of the lagged association between meteorological variables and weekly scrub typhus incidence. To explore the long-term association between meteorological factors and scrub typhus incidence, the difference between annual mean AT or the annual number of heatwave days during 2001 to 2019 and those of the period 1971–2000 were linearly regressed on annual cumulative scrub typhus incidence.Results: Association between weekly scrub typhus incidence and mean temperature or relative humidity with 15 weeks lags showed V- or U- shaped relationship. Above the threshold temperature (14.9°C to 17.0°C), scrub typhus incidence increased by 1.85% (95% CI: 1.5, 2.2) per 0.1°C elevation in mean temperature with 15 weeks lags. Scrub typhus incidence increased by 3.7% (95% CI: 2.7%, 4.8%) and 2.5% (95% CI: 1.6%, 3.3%) per 0.1°C increase in annual mean temperature and per one day increase in heat wave days.Conclusion: Mean AT elevation and RH increase in summer were associated with an increased incidence of scrub typhus in the fall. Increases in annual mean AT and annual number of heatwave days were associated with an increase in the incidence rate during 2001–2019.
Identification and Pathogenicity of Hepatitis E Virus From Laboratory Bama Miniature Pigs
Authors: Liu Baoyuan , Chen Yiyang , Zhang Meimei , Chen Tianxiang , Zhang Yuan , Danba Zhaxi , Xu Shixuan , Zhao Qin , Zhou En-Min
Published: January 2022

Background
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic. In this study, HEV infection in laboratory Bama miniature pigs in Sichuan Province of China was investigated. Firstly, one hundred rectal swabs were collected for HEV RNA testing, and chose positive samples for sequence analysis. Concurrently, for pathogenicity study, six healthy Bama miniature pigs were randomly divided into two groups of 3 pigs each. A total of 500 µL of HEV stock (positive fecal samples identified in this study) was inoculated intravenously into each pig in the experimental group, and the three pigs in the other group served as negative controls. Serum and fecal samples were collected at 1 to 10 weeks post-inoculation (wpi) for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, anti-HEV antibodies and HEV RNA detection, respectively. During necropsies, liver lesions and HEV antigen in liver were observed at 10 wpi.
Results
The rate of fecal sample HEV RNA-positivity was 12% (12/100). Sequence comparisons indicated that partial ORF1 and ORF2 gene sequences of this isolate shared highest identities with corresponding sequences of genotype 4a HEV isolates (81.4%-96.1% and 89.9%-97.1%, respectively). Phylogenetic tree analysis further demonstrated that sequences of this isolate clustered together with sub-genotype 4a HEV isolate sequences. Experimentally, the pathogenicity of Bama miniature pigs infected with this isolate exhibited viremia, fecal virus shedding, seroconversion, ALT level increasing, liver lesions and HEV antigen in liver.
Conclusions
This is the first study to confirm that HEV is currently circulating in laboratory Bama miniature pigs in China and this isolate can successfully infect Bama miniature pigs experimentally. More importantly, this study suggested HEV screening of laboratory pigs should be conducted to prevent research personnel from acquiring zoonotic HEV infections.
Preclinical Trial of Noncontact Anthropometric Measurement Using IR-UWB Radar
Authors: Kim Jinsup , Lee Won Hyuk , Kim Seung Hyun , Na Jae Yoon , Wang Dingyang , Lim Young-Hyo , Cho Seok Hyun , Cho Sung Ho , Park Hyun-Kyung
Published: January 2022

Anthropometric profiles are important indices for the assessment of medical conditions, including malnutrition, obesity, andgrowth disorders. Noncontact methods for estimating those parameters could have considerable value in many practicalsituations, such as the assessment of young, uncooperative infants or children and the prevention of infectious diseasetransmission. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of obtaining noncontact anthropometric measurementsusing the impulse-radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) radar sensor technique. A total of 45 healthy adults were enrolled, and aconvolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was implemented to analyze data extracted from IR-UWB radar. The differences(root-mean-square error, RMSE) between values from the radar and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a reference inthe measurement of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were 2.78, 5.31, and 2.25, respectively; predicted data fromthe radar highly agreed with those from the BIA. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were 0.93, 0.94, and 0.83.In conclusion, IR-UWB radar can provide accurate estimates of anthropometric parameters in a noncontact manner; this studyis thus the first supporting the radar sensor as an applicable method in clinical situations.
Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Autism Obtained Through Bioinformatics Analysis of Human Blood Samples
Authors: jin liuyin , wang gaohua , xiang junyi , shu chang , xu wenqian , wu linman , yang zhilan
Published: January 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious disorder that begins early in life and continues throughout life. Children diagnosed early with ASD are more responsive to therapeutic interventions and have less impairment of social and language functions whereas current diagnostic measures are mostly applied to children older than one year and lack the appropriate biological markers for early diagnosis of ASD. In this study, we used datasets GSE6575 from GEO to comprehensively analyze the mRNA expression profile of ASD, including 35 ASD samples and 12 normal control samples. Firstly, we looked for 50 different genes, and then we did a enrichment analysis of those genes. The results of enrichment analysis showed that these differential genes were mainly concentrated in the response to viruses, immune regulation of inflammation and energy metabolism Secondly, String database was used to construct Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of differential genes. Finally, cytoscape plug-ins Cytohubba was further used to search for Hub genes and the diagnostic value of these Hub genes was verified by subject operating characteristic curves. among which two genes IL2RB and PRF1 had good sensitivity and specificity for the early diagnosis of autism. the areas under ROC curve were 0.855,0.830 for IL2RB, PRF1.Data analysis using GEO database can provide some new insights into the etiology of ASD and provide some possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets for early diagnosis and treatment of ASD.
Modeling and solving the parallel mixed-flow remanufacturing disassembly line balancing problem for multi-variety products*
Authors: Yu Gang , ZHANG Xiufen , Meng Wei
Published: January 2022

The types and numbers of components in end-of-life (EOL) products are often uncertain during remanufacturing, leading to low disassembly efficiencies for traditional remanufacturing disassembly lines. To address this problem, a parallel mixed-flow workstation layout was designed, and a novel parallel mixed remanufacturing disassembly line balancing optimization method for multi-variety products was proposed. A mixed-flow product disassembly task hierarchical assignment matrix was constructed to perform disassembly task allocations for similar components. Furthermore, a parallel mixed-flow remanufacturing disassembly line balancing (PMRDLB) optimization model was developed with the optimization objectives of minimizing the number of workstations, the disassembly line balancing rate, and the remanufacturing value indexes of the components. Furthermore, the multi-objective non-dominated genetic optimization method (NSGA-III) was improved, in which a chromosome construction method, based on the parallel mixed-flow disassembly task allocation matrix, was proposed to conduct mapping between the chromosomes and the PMRDLB model. In addition, non-dominated solution sorting was performed based on a Pareto hierarchy, which increased the searching rate of the algorithm during optimization. Finally, a case study verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Three-dimensional (3D) liver cell models - A Tool for Bridging the Gap Between Animal Studies and Clinical Trials When Screening Liver Accumulation and Toxicity of Nanobiomaterials
Authors: Tutty Melissa Anne , Movia Dania , Prina-Mello Adriele
Published: January 2022

Despite the exciting properties and wide-reaching applications in human health and medicine of nanobiomaterials (NBMs), their translation from bench to bedside is slow, with a predominant issue being liver accumulation and toxicity following systemic administration. In vitro 2D cell-based assays and in vivo testing are the most popular and widely used methods for assessing liver toxicity at preclinical stages, however these fall short in predicting toxicity for NBMs. Focusing on the in vitro and in vivo assessment, the accurate prediction of human-specific hepatotoxicity is still a significant challenge to researchers. This review describes such methods, focusing on the limitations they bring in the assessment of NBM hepatotoxicity, as one of the reasons defining the poor translation for NBMs. We will then present some of the most recent advances towards the development of more biologically relevant in vitro liver methods based on tissue-mimetic 3D cell models and how these could facilitate the translation NBM going forward. Finally, we also discuss the low public acceptance and limited uptake of tissue-mimetic 3D models in the pre-clinical assessment, despite the demonstrated technical and ethical advantages.
Development and Validation of The Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Scale 1 Revised – Japanese Version
Authors: MACHIDA Minori , Tanobe Kaho , Lee Steve K. , Hara Shintaro , Kumano Hiroaki , Tayama Jun
Published: January 2022

Background: The Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Scale 1 Revised (CAS-1R) is a 10-item self-report measure designed to assess dysfunctional metacognition, which is a transdiagnostic predictor of psychological disorders. Dysfunctional metacognition can be broadly classified into “cognitive attentional syndrome” and “metacognitive beliefs.” In the present study, the CAS-1R was translated into Japanese, and the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the CAS-1R (CAS-1R-J) were examined in a Japanese community sample. Methods: We recruited 552 Japanese residents via the Internet and received responses from 552 individuals for Time 1 (275 men and 277 women, M age = 39.81, SD = 11.06) and 112 individuals for Time 2. Of these, the data of 87 individuals (46 men and 41 women, M age = 40.31, SD = 10.62) were used to examine test-retest reliability.Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor structure (three-factor model) of the CAS-1R-J was appropriate for the data. Each of the subscales of the CAS-1R-J showed good internal consistency. In addition, there was a theoretical relationship between the CAS-1R-J and Metacognition Questionnaire-30, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Scale. Furthermore, the results of the hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that the CAS-1R-J has discriminant and incremental validity for clinical symptoms. Conclusions: These results indicate that the CAS-1R-J is a valid instrument for assessing state cognitive attentional syndrome and metacognitive beliefs in Japanese individuals.