bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulating the Haematological and Cytogenetic Effects of Mitomycin C by Aqueous Extract of Nut Grass (Cyperus rotundus L.)
Authors: Ad'hiah Ali H. , F. Al-Halbosiy Mohammed M. , Al-Jumaily Rakad M.
Published: November 2021

The aqueous extract (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) of nut grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) rhizomes was evaluated orally in albino male mice using some haematological (total leucocyte count) and cytogenetic (mitotic index, micronucleus formation and chromosomal aberrations of bone marrow cells) parameters. The extract interaction with the mutagen mitomycin C (MMC) was also evaluated through two types of treatments (pre- and post-treatments). The results revealed that the dose 15 mg/kg of the extract significantly increased the total count of leucocytes (7634.4 vs. 6783.3 cells/cu.mm. blood), while the mitotic index showed no significant differences, as compared to negative controls. However, the spontaneous formation of micronuclei in the bone marrow cells was significantly decreased in the three investigated doses of the extract (0.30, 0.32 and 0.29, respectively vs. 0.62%), while the chromosomal assay showed similar frequencies in the negative control and nut grass-treated animals. With respect to the interaction with MMC, the pre-treatment (15 mg/kg) enhanced the leucocyte count (10358.6 vs. 3800.2 cells/cu.mm.blood) and mitotic index (11.9 vs. 6.5%), and a similar picture was drawn when the pos-treatment was considered (8884.2 vs. 4292.7 cells/cu.mm.blood; 14.6 vs. 7.6%). However, the doses 5 and 10 mg/kg of the plant extract were much more effective in reducing the MMC-induced micronucleus formation in both types of treatments especially the dose 5 mg/kg (pre-treatment: 4.24 vs. 16.29%; post-treatment: 3.79 vs. 14.34%). With respect to chromosomal aberration assay, the dose 15 mg/kg of the extract was the most effective dose in reducing the MMC-induced aberrations, but the post-treatment was better than pre-treatment in this respect (0.29 vs. 0.79 aberration/cell).
Detection of bleomycin- like antitumor agent produced by Streptomyces spp. local isolates
Authors: Rweish Asia J. , K. Ibrahim Mohammed A. , Abdul-karim Rafid A. , Abdul-majeed Mohammed R. , Jawad Zahra K.
Published: November 2021

Ethyl acetate extracts of fermentation cultures of five local Streptomyces isolates SRY-3, SRY-25, 5b, 10, NS-38 were identified as inhibitors of plasmacytoma cell line. Concentration at 0.016 µg/ml of ethyl acetate extract of (SRY-3,SRY-25,5b,10,NS-38) inhibited (46%,40%,21%,34%,34%) of mouse plasmacytoma cells respectively, where as 0.5 µg/ml inhibited (58%, 55%, 35%, 33%, 36%) of plasmacytoma cells .Quantities analysis of crude extracts by using HPLC on the basis of their retention times showed that the values were (4.3,4.4,4.86,4.83&4.84) min. for SRY-3, SRY-25, 5b, 10,NS-38 respectively, while the retention time of standard antitumor compounds was (4.26) min. This suggests that unknown compound of SRY-3 extract contain bleomycin-like compound. Addition of standard bleomycin to crude extract of SRY-3 increased milliabsorbans unit (M.A.U.) from 0.49 to 1.4. The concentration of bleomycin-like antitumor in fermentation broth of SRY-3 isolate was 3.441 µg/ml.The five Streptomyces isolates have moderate activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, while standard BLM have no activity.
Using Lactobacillus as Probiotic to Inhibit Growth and Adhesion of Proteus mirabilis Causing Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: A al-jeboury Ghydaa H. , Baker Abdul Wahed
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to use lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as probiotic, to treat growth and adhesion property of Proteus mirabilis isolated from patients suffering from urinary tract infection (UTI). For this purpose, one P. mirabilis isolate (P.M.9) was selected out of 9 isolates obtained from 150 urine specimens. Due to its resistance to 11 antibiotics tested, this isolate was treated with three-fold concentrated filtrates of two lactobacillus isolates (as probiotic). Results after treatment, showed that the filtrates exhibited significant inhibitory effect against the pathogenic P.M.9 and its adhesion property especially when only an average of 3-10 bacteria /cell were adhered to each epithelial cell compared to 44-55 bacteria/cell.
The possibility of using Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Callus extracts as an alternative to plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture experiments
Authors: Ibrahim Kadhim M. , Abed Ashwaq S. , Abbod E. A. , Alsamarae Kholood W. , ALani Nabeel K.
Published: November 2021

Liquorice plant is considered one of the important medicinal and economical plants. It is rich with many compounds, minerals, vitamins, and even plant hormones. This research is aimed to study the possibility of using callus tissue extracts as an alternative to plant growth regulators added to the culture media. A factorial experiment was implemented to find out the appropriate combination between 2, 4-D and BA for callus induction on Liquoricenode explants. It was found that a combination of 2 mg/l 2, 4-D with 2.5 mg/l BA is the best one for callus induction and maintenance using MS medium. Water and alcoholic extracts were prepared from callus tissue at concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10) ml/l then added to culture medium as an alternative to plant growth regulators. The effect of these concentrations on growth and development of tissues and organs for some plants was studied using soya bean, potato and wheat plants for this purpose. Results showed that water extract induced shoot proliferation from potato single nodes. Both types of extracts increased soya bean callus fresh weight significantly. It was found also that water extract was more effective than alcoholic one in increasing vegetative and root parts in germinating wheat seeds.
Optimal conditions for production of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) from local Fusarium oxysporum F2
Authors: Al-Jumaily Essam F. , Al-Samaraai Najwa S. A.
Published: November 2021

The isolate Fusarium oxysporum F2 was selected based on its high production of growth regulator IAA and used in the present study .The optimal condition for the production of Plant hormone (IAA) by using cultural medium composed of 4.5% sucrose, 0.6% Yeast extract, 0.3g KH2PO4 , 0.05g MgSO4 , 3mM Tryptophane and optimum inocula size was 1×106 spore/ ml and the initial pH was 8.5 the incubation period was 10 day at 28 Co in dark by using shaker incubator at 120 rpm.
The effect of Curcurma longa (Turmeric) rhizomes extracts on pathogenic bacteria In comparison with standard antibiotics
Authors: Allawi Saeed Sahib , Auda Jassim Mohammad , Hameed Hiba Qasim , Ali Tagreed Ibraheem
Published: November 2021

Four extracts of Curcuma longa rhizomes ( commonly known as turmeric widly used as spice and coloring agent and known for its medical properties) were evaluated for their anti- bacterial action against pathogenic bacteria of gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium ) and gram- positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) comparing with antibiotics (gentamycin, ampicillin and erythromycin). Essential oil which was extracted from turmeric found to be most active against pathogenic bacteria in comparison with other extracts (water, chloroform and methanol extract). Using 40 microgram/disc of essential oil of turmeric as a minimum inhibitory concentration posses significant activity on pathogenic gram-negative and gram- positive bacteria
Comparison of some introduced wheat Genotypes under Iraqi Conditions
Authors: Al-Mishhadani Ibrahim I. H. , Jarallah Abbas K. A. , A.Wheab Amad , Abdullah Kareem H. , Ibrahim Kalif A.
Published: November 2021

Compare some wheat introduced genotypes from Pakistan with the local cultivars(Tamooz 2 and Mexipak), two field experiments were conducted at in Tiwatha andLatifya experimental stations during 2001- 2002 season. The experimental designwas RCBD with 3 blocks. Yield and its components were studied. The objective ofthis study was to screen and select of superior genotypes to the control. Results indicated that there were significant differences among the genotypes in their yield.The results of Tiwatha station showed that the genotypes P11, P13 were superior inyield when compared with other genotypes and local cultivars, while some genotypesgave the lower yield than the local cultivars. The results of Latifya station revealedthat all the genotypes gave higher yield production than the check cultivars expectthe genotypes P8. The genotypes P11, P12 were superior in yield when comparedwith the other genotypes and local cultivars. The results of combined analysis showedthat, Tiwatha station was superior in yield to the Latifya station, and the genotypesP11, P13 had more yield than the other genotypes and check cultivars.
The Role of Emergent Aquatic Macrophytes in Changing Water Quality at Al-Shafi Marsh, Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Kenzawi Mohammed A. , Al-Rawi Altaf A.
Published: November 2021

This study was done at Al-Shafi marsh, southern Iraq, to determine the role of emergent aquatic macrophytes in changing the water quality. Three dominant emergent aquatic macrophytes were identified in the marsh and the vegetation cover percentages for them were measured, which were Phragmites australis covers 40%, Typha domengensis covers 30%, and Schoinoplectus litoralis covers 15%, while the other 15% was open water. The water environmental variables [pre the marsh, in the marsh (distributed emergent macrophytes), and post the marsh] were measured. The statistical program t-test was applied at the significant levels (P-value < 0.01) and (P-value < 0.05) to know the significant differences in the environmental variables among the sites. This study showed that light penetration, total suspended solids, water turbidity, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate concentrations differed significantly (P < 0.01). While, Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, calcium, and magnesium were differed significantly (P < 0.05) among the sites. In addition, no significant differences in electrical conductivity, salinity, and chloride were observed by emergent macrophytes. Therefore, this study concluded that emergent macrophytes play important role in changing some water characteristics
Effect of lysostaphin and crude extract of Salvia officinalis on local isolate Staphylococcus aureus I1 resistant to vancomycin
Authors: Zaidan Issra'a Ali , AL-Kazaz Abdul Kareem A. , Mohammed Ali Sadik
Published: November 2021

This study included determining the effect of lysostaphin enzyme, and crude extract of Salvia officinalis and the combination of the crude extract of Salvia officinalis with vancomycin, on growth of the S.aureus I1 isolate which is isolated from patients with osteomyelitis and resistant to vancomycin, the results showed that : water crude extract have many active compounds like glycosides, tannins, saponeins, flavonides, resins, volatiles oil, but no alkaloids were detected. The 15.25 mg/ml was the best concentration from crude extract of Salvia officinalis that inhibits growth of the isolate. The crude extract of Salvia officinalis increased in action of vancomycin in 260 times (in presence of 470 μg/ml) crude extract the concentration of lysostaphin 20μg/ml inhibits growth of S.aureus I1
Diagnosis of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis by PCR Technique in Iraq
Authors: Qadir Abdullah M. , Abood Mushrik K. , Bakir Tural Y. , Al-Azzawi Gaith L. , Rashad Enas A.
Published: November 2021

In the present study, 93 blood samples and 20 bone marrow aspirates from 93 patients with clinical symptoms suggestive of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) from three hospitals in Baghdad during the period October 2005 - May 2006, were screened using molecular and serological techniques. Samples that were negative (N = 50) in parasitological and serological tests were used as controls. Of the 93 samples analyzed by ELISA technique, 19 samples (17.7%) gave positive culture result on NNN medium. However, when the technique was combined with molecular characterization by PCR, 7 samples (36.8%) gave a positive result. Nineteen patients with Leishmania parasites in bone marrow cultures showed PCR amplification of the correct band, as did the seven bone marrow aspirates positive for Leishmania. None of the negative controls tested using PCR or in an ELISA assay. These results indicate that PCR could replace the conventional parasitological examination in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis since it provides very satisfactory results with clinical samples
Cytogenetic Analysis of Goat Blood Lymphocytes cultured in Vitro
Authors: K Shubber E. , JAAFER Z. M. T. , Tawfeek A. A. , Sebbah M. I.
Published: November 2021

The aim of this work is to determine the duration of goat cell cycling in vitro.Goat peripheral blood lymphocytes were grown in RPMI-1640 medium containing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU 10 μg/ml) for 72 h. Blastogenic index (BI), mitotic index (MI), cell cycle progression (CCP) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were determined. Cultured lymphocytes from, whole blood or from leukocyte rich plasma in RPMI-1640 medium containing BrdU showed little differences in BI, MI, but significant differences were seen in cell cycle progression. BI, MI, and CCP from different goat breed were compared. Also, the percentage of lymphocyte blastogenesis, mitoses and cell cycle progression from goat, were compared to those from sheep, and human whichgrown under similar conditions. On successive incubation periods, the cell cycle duration of blood lymphocytes was determined through the mitotic activity. The cells reached first, second and third mitoses after 25, 40 and 48 h, post incubation respectively. Sub culturing of growing lymphocytes was performed from 3 to 45 days to obtain a lymphoblastoid cells. The characterization of their differentiation is required Establishment of goat blood lymphocyte culture will help in gene marker’s detection in their somatic cells.
Purification of NADP-Isocitrate dehydrogenase from Red Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris rogue)
Authors: Shikara Mukaram , Al-Khafagi Hiba Muneer , Faris Wasnaa H.
Published: November 2021

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+-IDH; EC 1.1.1.42) was extracted from red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris.) after the beans were placed into Murashige-Skoog medium and incubated under continuous white light (110 μmol photon m−2 s−1), then filtered, centrifuged and the supernatant was used for purification. The enzyme purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose and Matrex Bio red A (dye-ligand-chromatography) techniques, and exhibits several bands through electrophoresis, with one band corresponds to the IDH activity. Km values for the enzyme was 55.71± 4.56 x 10-6M. The enzyme has an optimum pH at 8.5, and optimum temperature at 30°C. The enzyme can be stable at RT (about 25°C) for 180min, but the activity disappears at 400min. Enzyme activity appears to be independent of divalent metals in deionized water, but the addition of Mg+2 and Mn+2 by 4.5 and 2-folds respectively. The purified enzyme was injected into white rabbits to raise an antiserum against NADP+-IDH. The specificity of the antiserum was assayed by its ability to decrease the NADP+-IDH activity present in the extract. NADP+-IDH activity decreased when the extract was incubated with increasing volumes of the antiserum obtained.
Manufacturing of Fermented dairy products by using Lactobacillus casei which had the ability to lower cholesterol
Authors: Baker Abdul Wahed , A. Zaid A. , A. Amer A.
Published: November 2021

The study included manufacturing of fermented dairy products by using full cream milk of four kinds of mammalian: (Buffalos, Cows, Sheep's and Goats); with the use of Lactobacillus casei as a starter for the production of fermented dairy products which had the ability to lower cholesterol percentage in the above mentioned products by (71.4, 70, 74.8 and 67.7)% respectively. The viability of Lb. casei had not been affected significantly during storage shelf life of 21days " The product shelf life " , keeping their therapeutic properties unaltered with high viable number of bacteria at time of consumption. The viable counts of the bacteria after storage period for manufactured products were (1.06× 109, 8.1× 108, 7.5× 108and 8× 108) CFU/ml respectively. These numbers represent a decrease equal to one logarithmic cycle for each of manufactured products of Cows, Sheep's and Goats milk, and the decrease of bacteria's viability of manufactured products of Buffalos milk was less than one logarithmic cycle. Results of statistical analysis showed that there was highly significant differences (P<0.05) in the viable bacterial cells counts between manufactured products. By sensory comparison of the manufactured fermented products together, the results shows that the manufactured products from Buffalos milk was the best then the manufactured products of Cows milk then Sheep's milk then goats milk
Effect of Laser on Some Biological Performance of Ephestia cautella Walk
Authors: AL-Seria M. H.
Published: November 2021

he effect of different doses of laser on some biological performance of Ephestia cautella exposed as larvae of 5- 6 days old and pupae of 1 , 5 days old were studied. Both lasers have significant effect on the larvae, pupae period emerged adults emerged and life span of emerged adult. Furthermore the number of eggs laid and its percent of hatch were investigated for different mating types.
Estimation levels of Indol acetic acid (IAA) and Gibberellic acid (GA3) from dry bakery yeast Saccharomyces cereviciae
Authors: Tawfiq Arwa A
Published: November 2021

The level of endogenous free, bound and total auxin (Indol-3-acitic acid, IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) were examined in dry bakery yeast. For determination of the levels of these plant growth regulators level, used spectrophotometer. The results show that Saccharomyces cereviciae was produced IAA and GA3. IAA level was 29.86 µg/ml, 198 µg/ml at 222nm and 280nm wavelengths respectively and GA3 level was 799 µg/ml at 254nm.
Identification strains of Bean Yellow Virus potyvirus (BYMV) on bean Phaseolus vulgaris in Iraq
Authors: Al-Aniy Raed Raouf
Published: November 2021

everal methods were used to identify the virus, such as indicator plants, physical properties, manners transmission by aphids and ELISA test and among indicator plants two strains of BYMV were identified. The first one was showed a necrotic local lesion on bean while the second one was showed strong epinasty, veinal necrosis in inoculated leaves then it caused top necrosis at last severe systemic mottle. This two different symptoms gives a positive reaction at ELISA test and this test was indicated that the two symptoms is belong for two strains of bean yellow mosaic virus ( BYMV).The physical properties for the first strain about the Thermal Inactivating point (TIP) was 50-55ْc while the second strain was 60ْc and the dilution end point (DEP)for the first strain was 10-2 but it was 10-2 -10-3 for the second one and the longevity in vitro (LIV) for the first strain 48 hrs at room temperature and the main transmission by insect was achieved by several species of aphids.The double immunodiffution test in agar have been showed meeting of two precipitin line without cross in this two lines when used antiserum of the first strain of virus against the two sap of infected plants with both strains of virus and this test was used in the second strain against sap of the both infected plants too with the two strains of the virus and this test was additional indication that the two symptoms in bean were belonged to a two different strains to the same virus.
Study of antimicrobial activity of some active secondary compounds for Viola odorata on growth for some types of bacteria
Authors: Ahmed Shatha T. , Alwash Bushra M.Jaber
Published: November 2021

The study was conducted to track the inhibitory activity of methanolic, flavinoid and alkaloid extracts of Viola odorata with concentrations (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3) mg/ml on some bacterial species represented by S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.coli and Klesiella sp, by using disk-diffusion method and estimated inhibitory activity of extracts on bacteria by measuring the Diametric of zone inhibition. The results showed a difference in the effect of each extract for the types of bacteria, the alkaloid gave a strong inhibitory ability against all types of bacteria compared with the methanolic extract and flavinoid respectively; this activity was enhanced with the increasing of extracts concentrations and the (3) mg/ml concentration gave highest activity, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most effective one, where the diameter of zone inhibition (25) mm at this concentration while E.coli was the least testing bacteria effective by the concentration and the diameter of zone inhibition was (10) mm. Methanolic extract showed antimicrobial highest activity on S. aureus, the diameter of zone inhibition was (21) mm with no antimicrobial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klesiella sp, while the flavinoid showed highest activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the diameter of zone inhibition was (13) mm with no antimicrobial activity against Klesiella sp. and E.coli.
Effect of time factor, spray feeding of Copper and Iron in the relation between the number of bacterial root nodules and leaves of Bean
Authors: Abdulameer Ali Sabeeh
Published: November 2021

pot experiment was carried out during the spring season in the year 2008 to investigate the effect of the time factor, spray feeding of copper and Iron on the relation between the number of nodules and leaves of Beans. The statistical analysis showed that spray feeding of copper and Iron exceed significantly on the control treatment (water spray feeding), also, the spray feeding of Iron after 20 days of seeding excelled significantly on the spray feeding of Iron after 30 days of seeding, as well as the Spanish type of seed surpassed significantly on the Brazilian kind of seed in the number of root nodules and leaves of bean. On the other hand the studied characteristics appeared positive significant correlation coefficient (r=0.899). The interaction (overlap) treatment Cu1×S2×Fe1 recorded the highest values in both root nodules and leaves of bean by 9.00 nodule/ plant and 59.33 leaves/ plant, respectively.
Isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species as probiotic from intestinal contents of common carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Alsaphar Sundus A. A. , Al-Faragi Jamal K. H.
Published: November 2021

The presence of lactobacilli were investigated in the intestine of 50 fish specimens common carp cyprinus carpio weight rang between 400-1500g in weight from commercial farms in north of Baghdad through period of September to December 2010. All isolates were Gram positive ,catalase negative short rod usually non motile and non sporulating bacteria that produce lactic acid as a major or sole product of their fermentative metabolism.The obtained data showed that various species of lactic acid bacteria were found with high levels in total number about 104-107CFU/g of intestinal content, physiological and biochemical characteristics of 8 strains isolated from intestine J1, J3, J4, J6, J7, J8, J9, J10 that can be categorized in two metabolic group facultative and obligate heterofermentation ,also all isolates were resistante to all antibiotic sensitivity OA2A –p Disc except isolates J1, J3, J4, J8, J9 were sensitive to erythromycin in concentration 60mcg .The aim of this study was to characterize of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of common carp Cyprinus carpio to be used as probiotic.
Preparation of antibodies type IgY against Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide in chicken eggs
Authors: Alaubydi Mouruj A. , Ahmad Susan , Sabri Muayad
Published: November 2021

ipopolysaccharide was extracted from local isolate Sallmonella typhi (previously isolated and characterized) by hot EDTA method, and the extract was partially purified by gel filtration chromatography on sepharose Cl-6B gel. The results showed that the percentage of the carbohydrates amount in the partially purified LPS extract was 43.7%, while the percentage of binding proteins in the same extract was 0.7% with no nucleic acids was found. The molecular weight for the LPS was measured by the gel filtration chromatography method using Sepharose Cl-6B gel and was equivalent to 263000 Dalton. The LD¬50 of LPS was determined by injection of chicken embryos type Ice Brown in the charioallantoic membrane, and was 14.66 µg/Kg. In order to obtain anti S. typhi IgY antibodies, chickens were immunized with the partially purified S. typhi subcutaneously. The IgY antibodies were extracted from eggs yolk by water dilution method and the extract was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation at ratio 60% saturation, and gel filtration chromatography on sepharose Cl-6B gel. The results showed that the protein amount was equivalent to 23.5 mg/ml; specific activity was 0.268, and an overall yield of 70%. The molecular weight for the IgY antibodies was measured by the gel filtration chromatography method using Sepharose Cl-6B gel and was found to be 178000 dalton. The concentration of anti S.typhi LPS IgY antibodies in chicken eggs were investigated by ELISA and was found to be 6.3 mg/ml, and there is a significant differences (P<0.01).
Effects of Pimpinella anisum oil Extract on Some Biochemical Parameters in Mice experimentally induced for human Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Mahood Rasha Abdul-Hussien
Published: November 2021

n this study, the effect of Pimpinella anisum oil (Anise oil) extract is evaluated on some biochemical parameters in PCOS mice as a model for human PCOS. Estrous cyclicity of 24 adult cycling mice was monitored by vaginal smears. After about 4 days, 18 mice received an intramuscular (I.M.) injection of a single dose of estradiol valerate (EV), one mg in 0.1 ml of corn oil to induce (PCOS), corn oil was injected to the six mice in the control group. After 60 days from injection, mice with (PCOS) were orally administered multiple doses (200, 400) mg/kg Body weight of anise oil extract for 15 days. The histological (ovary) and hormonal (FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone) results showed that anise oil can decrease signs of PCOS in the ovarian tissue and altered concentrations of luteinizing hormone.
Effect of the Developmental Stage of Microspores, Growth Regulator and Medium type on Callus indication from Broad bean Vicia faba Anthers Culture
Authors: Shlahi Sattar Abdullah , Majeed Duha M. , Ismail Eman Numan
Published: November 2021

anthers were taken from bean flower buds of the variety Aquadlce and microspore developmental stages were determined according to flower bud sizes. Anthers were cultured on modified Schenk and Hildebrandt medium (SH) supplemented with EDTA ferric monosodium salt to the SH medium which was taken from formulation of Murashige and Skoog (MS), casein hydrolysate 400 mg/l, some amino acids, and different combinations of growth regulators; kinetin and naphthalene acetic acid and 2, 4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Kin + NAA + 2, 4-D) and benzyl adenine (BA + NAA + 2,4-D) in different concentrations. The combination (BA + NAA + 2, 4-D) used with flower bud sizes (7.1-8) mm, containing uninucleate microspores, gave better callus induction (50%). It was also found that the concentrations [1.0, 2.0] mg/l of ascorbic acid were better to prevent the accumulation of phenols in the medium than the concentration [0.0] mg/l. The cytological analysis revealed that the number of chromosomes in callus induced from flower bud sizes (2.5-6.4) mm contained diploid (2n=12 chromosomes), whereas chromosomes in callus induced from flower bud sizes (6.5-8.0) mm contained haploid (n=6 chromosomes) with the presence of some diploid cells (12 chromosomes).
Detection of anti-Myalin and anti-axonal auto-antibodies in Iraqi patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Al-hemiary Rasha Majid Abdulamir
Published: November 2021

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination of different parts of the central nervous system (CNS) leaving scars (sclerosis) which leaves the neuron and the axis highly attenuated. It is one of the most important inflammatory diseases of the CNS that causes deficits with the progression of neurological disease. This study included 65 MS patients (37 relapsing-remitting (RR), 21 secondary-progressive (SP), 7 primary-progressive (PP) and 50 apparently healthy individuals controls. The results showed low level of auto-antibodies to myelin associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) in MS patients, while anti-axon antibodies had high level. This means that the production of these auto-antibodies in different stages of the disease increase its effect in the diagnosis and the possibility that it had some role in the progress and development of MS, so the use of anti axonal antibodies test in the diagnosis is an important marker.
Prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) among hepatitis-B patients and others suspected for PT-hepatitis in Baghdad
Authors: Sadiq Ghassaq Tariq
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of HGV among three different categories, group1, composed of hepatitis –B patients (HB- patients), group 2, included people having hepatitis-like symptoms with sera negative for HBV and HCV markers, referred to as suspected for hepatitis (SUS-patients) while the third group is the control group. Serum samples were assayed for anti-HGV antibodies using ELISA technique-indirect method. Results revealed that HGV coinfection detected in only few number of HB-P 9.8%, 23.5% of HB-P having anti-HGV antibodies with titer lower than the cut-off value (COV) which are said to be in the shadow zone and the other 66.6% of the group are reported as negative cases, reporting a highly significant difference P˂0.001. Among the second group (SUS- patients), HGV was detected in only 4.8%, 58.5% detected as shadow cases while the other 36.5% were found to be negative for HGV.When both HB-P and SUS-P are gathered in one group a low percentage 7.6% of HGV infection was recorded, 39.1% of HB-/SUS-patients were in the shadow zone while the majority of this group 53.2% were detected as negative cases. In conclusion HGV play only a minor role as a confection agent with HBV and as a responsible agent among non-A-E hepatitis cases. Remarkable high percentages of shadow cases are reported in the three groups especially among non-A-E hepatitis patients.
Efficiency of some bacteria to degrade direct Blue Dye in water
Authors: Hassan Khalid Falih , Jasime Shaima Fakhry
Published: November 2021

Bacteria Bacillus sp., Lampropedia hyaline and Azotobacter chroococcum were used to degrade Direct Blue dye which is use in textile factories due of its toxic effect from water in concentrations (0.005, 0.01, 0.03) gmL in laboratory by measuring Absorbance (Abs), Transmition T% for 24 hr period treatment with bacterial growth density of (3500 cellml), (17500 cell5ml) and (175000 cell10ml) for each bacteria. Azotobacter and Bacillus showed high ability to reduce dye concentrations of 0.005 and 0.01 gmL by 50-80% and 30-60% in 24 hr treatment. While, Lampropedia showed less ability to reduce all dye concentrations by 2-20%. Bacillus and Azotobacter showed less ability to reduce concentration of 0.03 gmL by 20-50% and 15-40%.
Cytogenetic effects of oral Contraceptive pills during pregnancy on some aspects of fetus and newborn in mice
Authors: T. Saeed B. , Al-Juboori B. M. , M. Al-Nida S.
Published: November 2021

The cytogenetic effects of taking oral contraceptive pills OCPs that contain steroid hormones (estrogen and progesterone) during pregnancy on some aspects of fetus and newborn have been previously reviewed. The objectives of this study are to detect the effect of using different doses of progestin and estrogen by pregnant female mice on the chromosomal aberration CAs and mitotic index MI in their male fetuses. Thirty female mice were divided equally into three major groups: two experimental G1 and G2 and control group according to the level of the dose. Administration of COCPs (either 0.034 or 0.068 mg/kg b. wt. /d dissolved with 0.1ml distilled water) orally once a day, were started at the first day of gestation and continued till day 14 for the experimental groups G1and G2 respectively. When the new pups in each experimental and control group reach two weeks of age, those male offspring 10animals/ group were used for chromosome preparation, while the control group divided into two groups: ten animals represented a negative control given distilled water only, while the other ten animals injected intra peritoneal with mitomycin–C 2mg/Kg represented positive control (once dose). The statistical analysis of mice bone marrow cells have no significant decrease in the mitotic index of the pups belongs to G1 mothers in comparison with negative control group, but it shows a highly significant differences P<0.01 as compared with that of positive control group . Although the pups belong to G2 mothers showed a slight decrease in the mitotic index in comparison with negative control group. Differences were non- significant with negative control and highly significant P<0.01 with positive control group. In addition, the mitotic index of spleen cells of the pups belongs to G1 mothers noticed no significant decrease in comparison with negative control group, however, it shows a significant differences P< 0.05 as compared with positive control group. In the pups belongs to G2 mothers there were significant decrease P< 0.05 in mitotic index in comparison with negative and positive control groups. The results showed that the COCPs caused an increase in chromosomal aberrations CAs with increasing of steroid hormones concentration. In G1 group the CA equal to 19.91%. This reducing in CA was not significant in comparison with those of the negative control which gave 14.33%; this percentage was increased in the result of CAs of the mice treated with mitomycin –C (MMC) which was 48.58%. Treatment with 0.068 mg/kg B wt. of COCPs gave CA equal to 17.18%. This value was not significant in comparison with those of the negative control which was 19.91%. Higher doses of OCPs may cause cytogenetic effects in chromosomal aberrations CAs and decrease the mitotic index (MI) in the bone marrow cells and spleen cells of offspring belonged to mothers treated with oral contraceptive during their pregnancy for 14 days.
Effect of magnetized water in blood picture of common carp Cyprinus carpio infected with injected Aeromones hydrophila
Authors: Al-Rudainy Abdul motalib Jassim , Rasheed Khalid A. , Khamees Eman S.
Published: November 2021

The present study was conducted in the fish diseases laboratory of College of Veterinary Medicine-University of Baghdad to investigate the effect of magnetized treated water on common carp Cyprinus carpio infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.Total of 80 specimens of common carp Cyprinus carpio were used ranges between 142-156 gm in weight and between 22-27cm in length. Fish were distributed randomly with ten fish to every aquarium upon four. First treatment considered control treatment free of magnetized water while the second treatment contained magnetized treated water with 500 gauss, third treatment contained magnetized treated water with1000 gauss, forth treatment contained magnetized treated water with1500 gauss with two replicates for each treatment through the period of experiment attain four weeks. The experiment represented by induce the infection by intramuscular injection of the bacteria in the site of left behind the front edge of the dorsal fin with dose of 107 cfu/100 gm of fish body weight. Blood picture were examined weekly and description of the clinical and macroscopic signs and survival rate. Statistical analysis results show presence of significant differences p≤0.01 of blood picture results of magnetized treated water treatment compared with control, experimental results indicate to presence of improvement of clinical and macroscopically signs and increase of survival rate of magnetized treated water compared with control.
Optimum conditions for Biomass and lytic enzyme production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and removal of total solids from waste water of dairy processing
Authors: Hayder Nadhem H. , Abbas Lamees M. R. , Waled Reem
Published: November 2021

The present study was aimed to study the optimum conditions of producing yeast biomass and lytic enzymes, and removal of total solids from dairy waste water. Results showed that dairy waste water serve as a good substrate, enabling the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisia S4, which produced a considerable amount of yeast biomass. Maximum production of biomass was 26g/l obtained after 96h fermentation, at pH6, temperature 30°C and dairy waste concentration of 2.5% w/v. The maximum activity of α-amylase and protease were (67.7, 60.2)U/mg, respectively obtained when cultured the yeast in dairy waste water 2.5%w/v at pH6 and incubated for 120h at 30°C. The maximum reduction of total suspended solids and total dissolved solids were (44.1,53.6)% respectively observed after 96h of fermentation period at 30°C.
Effect of nutrient solution and foliar fertilizers on the characteristics of growth and yield of potato plant Solanum tuberosum L. by sand culture systems
Authors: Ahmed Samer M. , Sadik Sadik Q. , AL-Shahwany Ayyad W.
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out in green houses at the Twaitha site of Agricultural research directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology during 10 December 2010 to 20 February 2011. The study included effect of combination to fertilizer nutrient solution and foliar application on plants potato in the developing sand culture system Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD were adapted this study 8 treatments of fertilizer. F0 without fertilizer, F1nutrient solution, F2 spray megafol activated amino, F3 spray magnum urea & phosphate, F4 spray agroleaf composite balanced, F1F2 nutrient solution + spraying megafol, F1F3 nutrient solution +spraying magnum and F1F4 nutrient solution + spraying agroleaf . L.S.D. were used to compare the means at 5% level of significances: - The results showed superiority of all treatments fertilizer (nutrient solution with the fertilizer) to the attributes under study compared with control treatment F0, treatment of F1F4 significantly increased number of stem, high of plant cm, leaf area Dcm2 and dry weight of shoots of sand culture reached 4.33 stem/plant ,61.67 cm ,97.35 Dcm2 , 30.40 g Compared with the control treatment. And treatment F1F4 was significantly increased the yield of plant reached 672.00g and no significantly difference with F1F3, F1F2 treatments, while the ratio decreased in the F0 treatment reached 229.00g.
Multiplex PCR for Identification of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A by Selective Amplification of tyv, prt, viaB, fliC-d and fliC-a Genes
Authors: Faik Ashna J. , Al-wardy Ali Hussain , Mohammad Raghad Abdul Elah
Published: November 2021

Salmonellosis is responsible for large number of infections in both human and animals. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a causative agent of typhoid fever and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A is a causative agent of paratyphoid fever. Conventional methods of isolation of Salmonella strains take 4-6 days to complete and are therefore laborious and require substiantial manpower. Therefore development of a PCR assay that can target multiple genes for rapid detection of S. Typhi and S.Paratyphi A. Methods: Synthetic primers for O, H, and Vi antigen genes, tyv , prt , fliC-d, fliC-a, and viaB, were used for the rapid identification of S. Typhi and Paratyphi A with Multiplex PCR. Results: All the clinical isolates examined were accurately identified by this PCR technique, that differentiated S. Typhi and Paratyphi A, based on size and number of amplified fragments. S. enterica serovar Typhi, yielded four bands of tyv(tyvelose epimerase gene, 615bp),prt (paratose gene, 258bp),flic-d(phage-1 flagellin gene for d- antigen 750bp) and viaB ( vi antigen gene, 439bp); S.enterica serovar Paratyphi A yielded only two bands prt (paratose gene, 258bp) and flic-a (phage-1 flagellin gene for a- antigen 329bp). Conclusion: These data indicate that multiplex PCR is a potentially valuable tool for rapid diagnosis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A from clinical isolates.
Moving bed biofilm reactor technology as batch system in wastewater treatment
Authors: Ali Inaam N. , Sabtie Hussein A. , Hassan Khalid F. , F. Shaima , Hmood Amal H. , Ubeed Saba, H.
Published: November 2021

Biofilm slime layer is one of the advanced biological treatment technologies for industrial and municipal wastewater treatment with the capacity to reuse of treated water for agricultural purposes. Bacterial, fungal and algal biofilm slime layer were grown on the interior surfaces of polyethylene pellet (carrier) and suspended in municipal wastewater for organic pollutants removal. Bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus megaterium, Sphingobacterium thalpophilum), fungal species (Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum) and algal species (Nostoc linckia, Scendesmus dimorphus) were used separately for biofilm slime layer growth under controlled laboratory conditions (pH, temperature, and aeration). Bacterial biofilm layer thickness was measured and recorded 9, 6 and 5 mm respectively as compared with 3mm for control group through the retention time of 16 day. Bacterial P. aeruginosa biofilm slime layer showed an efficiency for COD, TOC, NO3 and PO4 removal after 24 hour of 75%, 65%, 69% and56% respectively while the removal rates of the same factors using the fungal biofilm layer of P. citrinum was 83%, 78%, 53% and 60% after 48 hour respectively. The algal biofilm reactor with S. dimorphus showed the highest percentage removal rate of total nitrogen 93% as compared to control group 87% after 72 hours of treatment due to the biofilm slime thickness of S. dimorphus 7.5mm as compared to the thickness of the N. linckia slime layer 5.3mm. Mixture of microbial species biofilm layer was used for wastewater treatment through 18 and 24 hours, using aerobic and anoxia. The mixture of microbial species biofilm layer showed removal rates for TOC, COD, and TN of 90%, 83%, and 59% respectively in an aerobic condition, while the removal rates were 66%, 52%, and 84% in an anoxic condition. From the above results, one concludes that controlling the biofilm slim layer is a promising technology for municipal wastewater treatment, as long as it is used under the suitable conditions.
The functional response of, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) larvae on different nymphal instars of Dubas bug Ommatissus lybicus De Berg.
Authors: Hamad Bassim. Sh. , Okaily Ryadh A. , Yousif George S. B. , Abdullatif Ahmed M. , Alrubeai Hussain F.
Published: November 2021

The functional response of second and third larval instars of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), against different nymphal instars of Dubas bug Ommatissus lybicus De Berg. was studied.The larval instars of the predator exhibited Type II functional responses against the prey. Based on disk equation the attack rate (a) of the second larval instars of the predator were estimated to 1.03± 0.043 , 0.94± 0.015 , 0.88± 0.009 and 0.77 ± 0.02 and the handling time (Th) were 0.0031, 0.0039, 0.0083, and 0.008 day for second, third, fourth and fifth nymphal instars respectively. The third instars larvae of the predator, the attack rate against these nymphal instars were 1.11± 0.01, 1.04 ± 0.29 , 0.97± 0.017 and 0.89 with handling time 0.0019, 0.0028, 0.0064, and 0.0067 day respectively. The theoretical maximum predation(T/Th) of the second larval instars were 322, 256, 120 and114 nymphs for second, third, fourth and fifth nymphal instar respectively; while they were 526, 357, 156, and 149 for the third larval instar. According to this study this predator have a good predation potential in preying on nymph of Dubas bug especially the small nymphs (second and third ).
Toxigenic Potential of Vibrio cholerae O1and O139 Serotypes Isolated from Cases of Diarrhea in Baghdad hospitals
Authors: Auda Ibtesam Ghadban , Al- kadmy Israa Mohamed safi
Published: November 2021

Cholera is most important water borne pathogen. The public health significance of a V. cholerae isolate is routinely assessed by two critical properties: the production of cholera toxin CT and the possession of either the O1 or O139 antigen, which acts as a marker of epidemic potential. The objective of this study is to detect V. cholerae serotypes directly from stools and determines their toxiginicity potential. Sixty four stool samples were collected from four hospitals in Baghdad from November 2010 to February 2011. The age of patients was ranging from two months to 12 years, 26 females and 38 males. Immunochromatographic test used for qualitative detection of O1and /or O139 serotypes was used in addition to routine culture for isolation of V. cholerae. Using specific primer cholera toxin gene, ctxA2-B, was amplified and the PCR product was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Out of 64 stool samples only 16 (25%) was positive. Fifeen 93.7% of these samples were positive for O1serogroup and just one 6.3% was positive for O139 serogroup. Stool sample culture on alkaline peptone water and then on TCBS agar enhance the growth of 11(17.2%) V. cholerae isolates, 10 (90.9%) were belong to O1 serotype and one 9.1% belong to O139. The results of ctxA2-B gene amplification show that, 9 (90%) out of 10 O1serotypes was positive. While the only one 100% O139 serotype was positive. As conclusion, the incidence of cholera caused by V. cholerae O1 is more than that caused by V. cholerae O139 in Baghdad hospitals. Immunochromatographic test is a rapid and sensitive test in recover V. cholerae O1 and O139 serotypes. PCR is a simple molecular tool to determine the toxigenicity of V. cholerae isolates.
In vitro plant regeneration of Iraqi cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars through embryonic axis
Authors: Ahmed Hussein Abdullah , Hajyzadeh Mortaza , Barpete Surendra , Ozcan Sebahattin
Published: November 2021

In plant tissue culture studies, obtaining new plantlets from different parts of plant is a very important feature with direct or indirect ways of regeneration. The plant show different regeneration capacities from species to species. In this present study, in-vitro direct shoots development from embryonic axis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Lashata) were comparatively studied. Embryonic axis, embryonic hypocotyl and plumule obtained from five days old in-vitro grown seeds. All explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with 1- 4 mg/l Benzyl amino purine (BAP) + 0.1 mg/l Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 3 mg/l activated charcoal. Cultured explants were kept at growth chamber with photoperiod for 16 hours light and 8 hours dark, at 25oC. Reproducible in-vitro plant regeneration was obtained from embryonic axis when cultured onto MS medium supplemented 1 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l NAA and 3 g/l Activated charcoal. Shoot induction was to be noted 53.3%, 36.7% and 12.3 in embryonic axis, plumule and embryonic hypocotyl respectively. All these shoots were capable of rooting on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA, and establishing in soil 3-4 weeks.