bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaktualisasi Pemaknaan Zakat Sebagai Pembersih Harta (Studi Kritis atas Pemaknaan Surat at-Taubat ayat 103)
Authors: Taufik Setyaudin
Published: August 2022

Zakat, in this case regarded to Zakat al-Mal (wealth Zakat) as one among Five Pillars of Islam, is misled to the wrong perception as the worship refers to wealth purification. If we care to step back on its historical aspect, particularly those written in the Asbab an-Nuzul Al Qur’an of Surah at-Tawbah verse 103 –which is commonly well-known as ‘the verse of zakat’, we shall understand that the real meaning extracted from the verse is all about soul rather than wealth purification –which is, unfortunately, still flourished among the society’s mind. This misleading interpretation will surely create inappropriate ways of gaining properties by ignoring the status of halal/haram it may takes; people assume that after zakat, their wealthis purified. Here is also an evidence of obscuring the meaning of sadaqah as the tool of purifying sins the people commit, as instance, purifying the wealth raised by corruption or other criminal behaviors.  The study is importance to conduct to help revisiting the basic function of zakat as a contribution to the equalization of welfare in every level of society. To this case, therefore, this study will use the historical approach to revise the essential meaning of zakat assoul purification by optimizing the book of Asbab an-Nuzul and the linkage of verses on Zakat. This essay is also equipped with the perspectives of experts of exegesis and expert of Fiqh on Zakat, particularly those related to the Zakat al-Mal.
Polemik Poligami Dalam Hukum Islam Tinjauan Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Umi Salamah
Published: August 2022

Membahas Poligami selalu dikaitkan dengan Islam yang secara nyata membolehkan poligami dengan dasar QS. An-Nisa> (3: 4), disini penulis mencoba menguraikan poligami dari perspektif hak asasi manusia dengan tidak terlepas dari konteks agama dan sosial. Sehingga tidak memarginaklan perempuan dalam konteks ini. Secara jelas diketahui adanya poligami dalam Islam secara tidak langsung untuk mengangkat derajat perempuan sehingga mempunyai kedudukan seimbang dengan laki-laki. Dan poligami adalah bentuk execuse dalam situasi khusus pada masanya bukan perupakan perintah untuk beristri lebih dari satu.
Dinamika Perkawinan Endogami Pada Keturunan Arab Di Yogyakarta
Authors: Dewi Ulya Rifqiyati
Published: August 2022

Keturunan Arab di Indonesia adalah sebagian dari penduduk yg berdiaspora. Mereka diyakini berasal dari Hadramaut, suatu provinsi di Yaman Selatan, mereka juga merupakan masyarakat primodial. Ini dilihat dari orientasinya terhadap tanah asal (fatherland), salah satu  subkultur yang dibawa adalah bentuk sistem kekerabatan patrilineal. Hal ini berpengaruh pada pranata perkawinan yang mereka praktikkan yaitu perkawinan endogami. Namun demikian, fakta empiris di lapangan menyajikan bahwasanya telah terjadi hubungan tarik menarik dalam perkawinan endogami ke arah eksogami. Sebagai etnik yang berdiaspora, keturunan Arab di Yogyakarta secara tidak langsung bersinggungan dengan nilai-nilai budaya lokal. Persinggungan dengan budaya lokal tersebut nampaknya yang menjadi pengaruh terhadap dinamika dalam perkawinan endogami ke arah eksogami tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunaka pendekatan sosiologis yaitu pendekatan yang menggunakan logika-logika atau teori-teori untuk menggambarkan fenomena yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat, serta melihat pengaruh fenomena tersebut terhadap yang lainnya. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori diaspora dan dilengkapi dengan teori adaptasi oleh Robert K. Merton. Adapun hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam dinamika perkawinan keturunan Arab di Yogyakarta terdapat dua pola adaptasi yang terbentuk. Pertama adaptasi konformitas. Bentuk adaptasi ini umumnya dilakukan pada masyarakat untuk dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan yang lain. Dalam hal ini praktek perkawinan endogami menjadi bentuk pola adaptasi konformitas. Kedua, adaptasi rebellion. Bentuk adaptasi ini berarti penarikan diri dengan melakukan pemberontakan. Artinya pola adaptasi dilakukan dengan menolak tujuan budaya dan menciptakan struktur sosial yang baru. Dalam konteks ini keturunan Arab yang melakukan perkawinan eksogami dianggap sebagai bentuk menciptakan sebuah struktur sosial yang baru disertai dengan melakukan pengunduran diri dalam kelompoknya. Pola adaptasi konformitas dan rebellion yang dilakukan oleh keturunan Arab di Yogyakarta memberikan fakta empiris bahwasanya terdapat dinamika dalam praktik perkawinan yang dijalankan. Eksogami menjadi bukti bahwasanya adanya preferensi individu dalam bentuk pola interaksi dengan masyarakat.
Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Al-Qur’an Dalam Pencegahan Terorisme Dan Radikalisme (The Quran-Based Character Education)
Authors: Nur Ali
Published: August 2022

Quran and Hadith are the main references of Islamic law. As the sources of Islamic law, the Quran contains a lot of Shari’a, teachings and exhortations for Muslims, including hints of character education. Character education has its own importance in our social system, which significantly impacts on the success of development. Thus, the Quran-based character education needs to be explored and developed in order to provide a broader contribution to national development, particularly in the field of religion.
Bias Keagamaan Dalam Perkawinan Anak
Authors: Mukhamad Suharto
Published: August 2022

Praktik perkawinan anak di Indonesia masih sangat tinggi meskipun UU Perkawinan telah direvisi melalui UU 16/2019. Salah satu faktornya adalah pemahaman keagamaan masyarakat yang bersumber dari fikih otoriter. Fikih yang awal-mulanya adalah ikhtiar pemahaman manusia yang dinamis terhadap problem-problem kemanusiaan, menjelma menjadi pemahaman manusia yang otoriter. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membongkar bias keagamaan dan memperkuat literasi masyarakat terhadap Hukum Keluarga Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif bersifat deskriptif-analitik dengan pendekatan hermeneutik-negosiatif atau fikih progresif yang ditawarkan oleh Khaled Abou El Fadl. Hasil kesimpulan yang dapat dikemukakan yaitu: Pertama, idealnya diskursus hukum Islam merupakan diskursus fikih inklusif, toleran dan progresif. Fikih harus dipahami dengan keragaman, penyegaran dan dan menutup kreatifitas manusia dalam memahami hukum Islam. Kedua, Program Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan bisa menjadi terobosan pemaknaan terhadap konsep “aqil baligh” dalam hukum Islam. Ditunjang dengan program Bimbingan Perkawinan diharapkan tujuan dari perkawinan dapat diwujudkan sekaligus dapat menjaga tujuan hukum Islam secara umum, yakni menjaga agama, jiwa, akal, keturunan dan harta.
Reaktualisasi Hukum Islam Munawir Sjadzali Dan Kontekstualisasi Doktrin Islam Pribumi Abdurrahman Wahid
Authors: Apik Anitasari Intan Saputri
Published: August 2022

Dalam Perkembangan Hukum di Indonesia, berbagai pemikiran terkait dengan pemikiran yang mengatur tata kehidupan manusia dalam kehidupan bergerak dinamis sesuai dengan perkembangan sosial kemasyarakatan. Keberadaan hukum Islam pun  selain terdapat unsur wahyu didalamnya juga mempengaruhi kehidupan sosiologis dan antropologis dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Artikel ini membahas perkembangan hukum Islam yang menawarkan konsep teori hukum baru yang lebih relevan menurut pemikiran Munawir Sjadzali dan Abdurrahman Wahid. Dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif metode penelitian Library research ini berusaha untuk mengungkapkan konsep reaktualisasi Hukum Munawir Sjadzali dan Konsep Kontekstualisasi Doktrin Islam Pribumi Abdurrahman Wahid dengan pendekatan sosiologis. Konsep hukum Islam yang ditawarkan oleh Munawir Sjadzali dalam hukum Waris Islam menjadi alternatif dalam penemuan hukum di masa Modern saat ini dan tampak lebih dapat diterima oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Sedangkan Konsep Kontekstualisasi Doktrin Islam pribumi atau bisa disebut sebagai pribumisasi islam yang digagas Oleh Abdurrahman Wahid menawarkan agar karakter pribumi tetap harus survive dengan perkambangan kehidupan dan karakter Pribumisasi islam harus tetap ditonjolkan dalam setiap kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.
Peran Ganda Istri (Pencari Nafkah Wanita Di Pasar Tradisional)
Authors: Chaula Luthfia
Published: August 2022

Hak dan kedudukan isteri adalah seimbang dengan hak dan kedudukan suami dalam kehidupan rumahtangga. Adanya perkembangan zaman, pembangunan, dan teknologi memberikan ruang gerak isteri, salah satunya bekerja untuk mencari nafkah. Konsekuensi dari isteri yang ikut membantu mencari nafkah adalah bertambahnya peran. Pencari nafkah wanita di pasar tradisional salah satu contoh isteri bekerja bukan untuk aktualisasi diri, prestise, dan rasa jenuh, namun untuk membantu memenuhi kebutuhan hidup keluarga. Namun pergeseran peran pencari nafkah wanita tidak diimbangi oleh pergeseran peran pada suami sehingga kedudukan suami isteri tidak seimbang atau sejajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana peran ganda yang dihadapi para pencari nafkah wanita di pasar tradisional. Faktor apa saja yang melatarbelakangi isteri ikut berperan dalam wilayah publik sebagai pedagang dan tengkulak. Pembagian hak dan kewajiban suami isteri terutama dalam aspek pembagian peran dan tanggungjawab dalam keluarga. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan adanya pembagian hak dan kewajiban khususnya dalam pembagian peran dan tanggungjawab yang tidak seimbang, dimana pembagian ini lebih berat pada isteri. Adapun faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi isteri ikut berperan sebagai pencari nafkah adalah pandangan masyarakat terhadap pernikahan, budaya dan keseimbangan sistem dominasi. Faktor- faktor ini menyebabkan isteri berperan ganda sehingga pola pembagian peran suami isteri tidak seimbang. Agar dapat terwujud hubungan suami isteri yang seimbang seharusnya pembagian kerja dalam keluarga mengutamakan kerjasama antara suami dan isteri.
Transformasi Hukum Keluarga Islam Sebagai Sumber Hukum di Indonesia
Authors: Nur Ali
Published: August 2022

Hukum Keluarga Islam bukan hanya pada mengatur kehidupankeluargayang di mulai sejak awal pembentukan keluarga (peminangan) sampaidengan berakhirnya keluarga yakni terjadi perceraian atau salah satu ada yangmeninggal yang termasuk masalah waris dan wakaf saja, namun juga mulaimemberikan kontribusi dalam perkembangan serta sudut pandang hukum sebagaisebuah corak baru dalam hukum Keluarga di Indonesia melalui KompilasiHukum Islam. Kebutuhan hukum tidak terlepas dari perkembangan hukum Islamyang sudah mulai mendapatkan pengakuan mengingat hukum Islam secarahistoris mempengaruhi atas eksistensi hukum yang hidup di Indonesia. Padarealitasnya hukum yang hidup di masyarakat terutama masyarakat Islam, hukumIslam menjadi corak tersendiri serta saling mempengaruhi dengan hukum adatyang memang hadir dan hidup di masyarakat. Dari pengaruh tersebut maka tentuhukum Islam yang hidup di masyarakat menjadi suatu hal yang perlu untukdiambil dan digunakan terutama dalam wilayah hukum meliputi keperdataanmaupun terkadang ranah hukum pidana, terlebih lagi hukum Keluarga Islammemiliki kompleksifitas hukum yang dikaji, baik bersifat khusus maupun umum.
Membentuk Karakter Anak Melalui Pendidikan Pra Nikah
Authors: Taufiqurohman
Published: August 2022

Tulisan ini membahas tentang bagaimana membentuk karakter anakmelalui pedidikan pra nikah. Di lingkungan keluarga, orang tua berkewajibanuntuk menjaga, mendidik, memelihara, serta membimbing dan mengarahkandengan sungguh-sungguh dari tingkah laku atau kepribadian anak sesuai dengansyari’at Islam yang berdasarkan atas tuntunan atau aturan yang telah ditentukandi dalam al-Qur’an dan hadis. Tugas ini merupakan tanggung jawab masingmasing

orang tua yang harus dilaksanakan. Tentunya pendidikan yangdihadirkan ibarat rantai hubungan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan denganpendidikan orang tuanya sendiri, sehingga jika akan mendidik anak maka orangtua tentu juga harus memiliki ilmu-ilmunya, dalam hal ini dapat disiapkanmelalui pendidikan pra nikah. penulis jika ingin membangun mental seorang anakmaka perlunya membina dan mempersiapkan keluarga yang baik. Pendidikan pranikah sebagai problem solving adalah sarana dan jalan konkrit di ranahlapangan melalui lembaga, artinya pendidikan pra nikah tidak hanya formalitasdi BP4 namun pendidikan pra nikah dapat dilaksanakan sepanjang pernikahanitu berjalan, baik oleh masyarakat maupun keluarga itu sendiri.
Kafa'ah Dalam Pernikahan Perspektif Hadis Nabi
Authors: Laily Liddini
Published: August 2022

embangun keharmonisan rumah tangga merupakan hal yang tidakmudah, karena pernikahan itu menyatukan dua jiwa yang berbeda sifat, watak,pemikiran, adat, budaya, latar belakang. Oleh karena itu sebelum menikahseseorang dianjurkan untuk memilih pasangannya yang sefaham, sepemikiran,setingkat, sederajat. Meskipun bukan suatu syarat sah ataupun syarat wajib, tetapisesuatu yang Sunnah dan lebih baik karena hal ini sangat berpengaruh untukmenyamakan presepsi dan menghindarkan cela. Perbedaan-perbedaan yangmengiringi dalam bahtera rumah tangga menyebabkan benih perselisihan yangmenjadikan keharmonisan rumah tangga terganggu. Keseimbangan, keharmonisandan keserasian diutamakan dalam hal agama yaitu akhlak dan ibadah. Banyakhadis yang mendorong kita mencari keserasian sebelum menikah, setelah ditelusuihadis tentang kafa’ah itu sanadnya sambung-menyambung akan tetapi ada salahsatu rawi yang terkena Jarh, akan tetapi dapat dipakai dengan dukungan riwayatyang lain. Kafa’ah ini sangat penting dalam suatu pernikahan demi kemaslahatankedua belah pihak antara suami istri sebagai upaya mewujudkan keluarga yangsakinah mawaddah wa rahmah.
”Laknat Ziyarah Qubur Bagi Perempuan” (Studi Takhrij Hadis)
Authors: Maryono Muhammad , Riza Hadikusuma Riza
Published: August 2022

This article was written with the intention of knowing the quality of the hadith that curses women who make pilgrimages to the grave. The focus of his writing leads to the research of the hadith sanad which has several lines of narration, namely from the companions of Abu Hurairah, Ibn Abbas, and Hassan bin Sabit. The conclusion is that in terms of the sanad of the hadith, the quality is authentic. Meanwhile, from the point of view, it can be concluded that the prohibition should not make pilgrimages because the hadith of the prophet means for women who often carry out pilgrimages to the grave because the hadith uses sighot or the form of mubalaghoh (zawwarot).
SIMULATION OF METHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM SYNGAS USING UNISIM DESIGN SOFTWARE
Authors: Nguyen Van Duy
Published: August 2022

In this study, simulation of a synthesized methanol process from syngas using UniSim Design R470 is performed to analyze the effects of operating parameters on the product purity. The production line consists of two key units known as methanol reactor unit and by-product separation unit. The kinetics model for the reforming step is adopted from literature in the form of heterogeneous catalytic reactions using Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst for the simulation of the plug-flow reactor in the process. Numerical results obtained from the simulation generally show that the production rate and its purity are affected by three key factors known as recycle ratio, reaction temperature and pressure. Based on the parameter analysis, the effective operating condition is found at recycle ratio of 0,8 in which reaction temperature and pressure are kept in the range of 180-200oC and 4-5 MPa, respectively. At this operating condition, purity of the synthesized methanol is higher than 99,9% which can be used as clean fuel, solvent.
Elementary End of the Periodic Table
Authors: He Yang-Hui , Garoufalidis Stavros
Published: August 2022

Using the Planck scale as an absolute bound of half-life, we give a quick estimate, in the manner of Feynman's fine-structure method, of the highest possible atomic number. We find, upon simple extrapolation, that element 168 would constitute the end of the Periodic Table and its isotope with atomic weight 411, being the most stable. These are remarkably close to current best estimates obtained from sophisticated and much more involved Hartree-Fock calculations.
Aktualisasi Pemikiran Pendidikan Akhlak Ibnu Maskawih Dalam Pendidikan
Authors: Sarnoto Ahmad Zain
Published: August 2022

Ibn Muskawaih mendasarkan prinsip keutamaan moralnya kepada teori “pertengahan ” (al-wasath). Menurutnya , sebuah tindakan dikatakan benar bila ia berada di tengah ekstrim kelebihan dan ekstrim kekurangan sehingga seseorang dapat disebut adil bila ia mampu menempatkan dirinva diantara aniaya dan teraiaya. Di samping itu, manusia hendaknya mampu menghindarkan diri dari penyukit moral yang selalu menggerogoti ke hidupannya. Bila penyakit itu dapat dihindari, maka kebahagiaan sejati akan segera dapat diraih. Wujud kebahagiaan dalam diri manusia tidak hanya terdapat dalam jiwa semata, tetapi juga sekaligus terdapat dalam jasmani. Kesempurnaan kebahagian itu akan dapat terpenuhi bilamana manusia dapat, menebarkan cinta dan kasih sayang diantura sesamanya. Agar rasa cinta dan kasih sayang dapat bersemi dalam diri setiap insan, maka ia harus dipupuk melalui pendidikan akhlaq yang dimulai sejak kanak-kanak.
Damage detection on beam structures by means of VCUPDATE
Authors: A. Mordini  , H. Wenzel
Published: August 2022

One of the most promising computational methods in the field of Structural Health Monitoring is the Finite Element Model Updating. The VCUPDATE solution presented in this work is a Scilab code performing the iterative updating algorithm interfaced with a Finite Element code (OpenSees or ANSYS) executing the numerical analysis. The code is applied to the damage detection on beam structures. At first, a simple case numerically generated by OpenSees is investigated. Subsequently, using experimental test data, the code is applied to a real structure by using OpenSees as well as ANSYS.
Flexural Strengthening of Timber Beams Using Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer
Authors: A. Yusof  , A. L. Saleh
Published: August 2022

This research was conducted to investigate the bending behavior of timber beams strengthened with glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) rods. Seven timber beams of Yellow Meranti species with the dimensions of 100 × 200 × 3000 mm were tested. One of the beams was used as a control beam (unstrengthened) while the remaining six beams were strengthened before tested to failure under four point loading. The bending behavior of the beams was studied through their load-deflection characteristics and strain distributionacross the depth of the beam upon loading and also the failure modes. The results showed that the strengthened beams performed better than the control beam. The ultimate load has increased between 20 - 30% for the strengthened beams when compared to the control beam. The stiffness increased between 24 - 60% for the strengthened beams. The beam is categorized as under-reinforced, balance- reinforced, and overreinforced if the percentage of GFRP rod is less than 0.32%, between 0.32 - 0.35%, and greater than 0.35%,respectively. GFRP rod bonding system has a good potential to be used in the new construction or rehabilitation process of timber structures.
Determination of dynamic ballast characteristics under transient impact loading
Authors: Akira AIKAWA
Published: August 2022

Train-related impact loads acting on a sleeper bottom were directly measured and spectral analysis was performed to determine the dynamic characteristics of ballast layer under traffic impact loads. The results indicate that broadband vibration components act on the ballast layer, which exhibits two different types of behavior depending on dynamic stiffness characteristics. For vibration components over 100 Hz, the layer has high rigidity, resists dynamic loading sufficiently and absorbs impact loading adequately. However, in the low-frequency range, it easily deforms and is hard to absorb load components. FE vibration analysis of ballast aggregate was also performed to examine related characteristics. The mechanisms by which wave propagation velocity inside a ballast layer is reduced and wave motion inside it is greatly reduced were numerically simulated using only elastic body analysis without consideration of material nonlinearity.
Rice Husk Ash – An Alternative Material to Silica Fume For Production Of 100 MPa Mortar
Authors: S. Bahri  , H. B. Mahmud
Published: August 2022

This study focuses on the possibility of using rice husk ash (RHA) to produce high performance mortar of 100 MPa. The variables of study include effect of grinding and level of cement replacement with RHA. The fine aggregate used was mining sand instead of silica sand which is frequently used in producing high performance concrete (HPC). The average particle size of the RHA used was 13.50 μm, 20.43 μm and 29.92 μm and level of cement replacement was at 0%, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %. The results show that the use of 10 % RHA with the average particle size of 20.43 μm gave better compressive strength from 3 days onwards compared to control OPC and silica fume and the use of 20% of RHA with the average particle size of 13.50 μm at 28 days gave better compressive strength compared to other concrete.
Field Study of Load Path in Rail and Concrete Crosstie System
Authors: Justin S. Grasse  , Sihang Wei  , J Riley Edwards  , Daniel Kuchma  , David A. Lange
Published: August 2022

The design and performance of concrete ties and elastic fastening systems must be improved to meet demands placed on North America’s railway infrastructure through ever-increasing freight tonnages and development of its high speed rail program. In July 2012, a field experimentation program was performed at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) in Pueblo, CO by researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). This paper focuses on the transfer of vertical and lateral loads through the system, demonstrating the demands of the fastening components (e.g. insulators, fastening clips) and concrete crossties.  Measurements of loads, strains and displacements were used to quantify the physical response of the system under various parameters (track curvature, train speed, and car weight). The experimental data provide validation for a comprehensive finite element model developed by UIUC. Improvements to instrumentation strategies and areas of uncertainty will also be discussed. These experimental results will be used to guide future research in further quantifying the field loading demands, ultimately leading to a mechanistic design approach for the concrete crosstie and components within the fastening system.
Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete: A Review of Methods
Authors: J. Helal  , M. Sofi  , Mendis Priyan
Published: August 2022

This paper reviews the most common non-destructive testing (NDT) methods of concrete structures as utilized by the structural engineering industry. The fundamentals of NDT methods are explored in regards to their potential, limitations, inspection techniques and interpretations. The factors that influence the success of NDT methods are discussed and ways to mediate their influence are recommended. Reference is made to standard guidelines for the application and interpretation of the discussed NDT methods. NDT of concrete was found to be gaining increasing acceptance as a means of evaluating the strength, uniformity, durability and other properties of existing concrete structures. Perceptions of NDT inadequacy were attributable to lack of understanding construction materials and NDT methods themselves. The intent of this paper is to address these concerns by identifying and describing the most common successful methods of NDT as applied to concrete structures.
A Comprehensive Review of Spalling and Fire Performance of Concrete Members
Authors: M. Hedayati  , M. Sofi  , Mendis Priyan , Ngo Tuan
Published: August 2022

Spalling of concrete in fire is due to dislodgement of small pieces of concrete. This phenomenon is one of the most detrimental effects causing damage or even failure of the concrete members during or after a fire by decreasing the residual mechanical properties and durability of the structure. In spite of many experimental and numerical studies, the real mechanism of spalling is still not well understood, which is mainly due to the erratic nature of this phenomenon and inhomogeneity of the concrete structures. To establish a more clear view of the achievements in this area and also the areas in need of more investigations, this paper critically reviews the latest findings on concrete performance during heating in general and specifically the fire spalling behaviour of concrete members and different views on governing factors that affect this phenomenon.
Health Assessment of a Pedestrian Bridge Deck using Ground Penetrating Radar
Authors: S. Miramini  , M. Sofi  , A. Aseem  , A. Baluwala  , Zhang Lihai , Mendis Priyan , Duffield Colin
Published: August 2022

Scanning concrete structures using ground penetrating radars (GPR) continues to be one of the most efficient methods for defect (i.e. crack, void and delamination) detection within concrete structures as well as detection of reinforcing bars damage due to corrosion. The aim of this study was to assess the structural health of a 45-year old pedestrian bridge deck. To achieve this, a number of experiments using a GPR system were conducted on a strong concrete floor with known construction drawings to detect cover depth and rebar orientations. After validating the GPR results through the experiments, the GPR system was used for nondestructive assessment of the pedestrian bridge deck. From the scanned results, the location and orientation of the reinforcing bar were established. In addition, the diameters of the bars was estimated by measuring the thickness of the hyperbola curves in the B-scans. The scanned output shows no signs of corrosion of reinforcement or damage of concrete in the form of delamination or cracking.
Influence of Accelerators on cement replacement by large volumes of Fly ash to achieve early strength
Authors: Ananyachandran P. , Vasugi V.
Published: August 2022

The chemical admixtures named as accelerators improve the early setting and strength of cementations products whereas theh Cement prepared with large volumes of Fly ash (Pozzolana) fetch the durability and better sustainability. Achieving High early strength as well as durability in cementations products is a tough and challenging job which provokes the idea of the addition of accelerators to cement prepared with large volumes of Fly ash (pozzolana). The present study investigated the early setting and strength enhancement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) replacement with 30, 40 and 50% of Fly ash when mixed with the accelerating admixtures such as Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) and Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) combination with Triethanolamine (C6H15NO3) at temperature of 25 ± 5 °C and 58±5 % relative humidity. In early ages, the maximum compressive strength was noted for 30 % Fly ash with 1% of Ca(NO3)2 in combinations with 0.05 % of C6H15NO3 and the achieved percentages noted as 18.23% and 54.29% for 1 and 3 days. The microstructural property (SEM) was also determined for OPC replacement with 30% of Fly ash at 1 and 3 days for 1% of Ca(NO3)2 in combination with 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2% of C6H15NO3.
Prospects of using Prefabricated Ferrocement Jacket for Semi-Automated Strengthening of RC Column
Authors: A. B. M. A. Kaish  , Lutfun Nahar  , Azizah Jaafar  , Yagoub Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Ferrocement jacketing is an effective strengthening tool for RC column. The installation of ferrocement jacket is very easy; it does not require highly skilled labor to install. However, its’ installation is time consuming over the commonly used technique, like fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) jacketing. It also requires 4 weeks curing to achieve strong and dry surface. Therefore, although ferrocement jacketing is a very effective strengthening option for RC column, its’ use is not generally recommended for the existing structures. To overcome this limitation, this study presents a unique idea of pre-fabricated ferrocement jacketing system forstrengthening of RC column. It is hypothesized that pre-fabricated ferrocement jacketing system will ensure a semi-automated strengthening system where the jacket will be prepared in controlled environment (i. e. in prefabrication factory) with automated technology and then it will be installed in-place using nut-bolted connections. With the help of this semi-automated strengthening system, it will be possible to expedite strengthening activity of existing RC structures. It will also reduce the labor cost as the ferrocement jackets will be prefabricated in factory with the aid of automated construction system. Experimental results also show that theprefabricated ferrocement jacket is effective to strengthen concrete column.
Experimental Investigation of Exterior Mechanbical Precast Beam Column Connections using Internal Dissipators under Seismic Loading
Authors: K. Thulasirajan  , Revathi
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the development and testing of the proposed one-third scaled precast beam column specimens using cleat angle and unbonded threaded rod connection (internal dissipator) under reverse cyclic loading. One monolithic specimen for reference and two precast specimens were studied. The parameters considered in the precast specimens were the presence of stiffener and the action of cement grouting in the predetermined gap of the beam column interface region. The load and displacement were measured for the cyclic loading and thereby strength, hysteretic behaviour, energy dissipation, stiffness, ductility and stiffness degradation were computed and compared. The experimental results showed that the performance of monolithic specimen was superior to precast specimens. The performance of precast specimen with cleat angle and stiffener was found to be superior to precast specimen without stiffener.
Control Management of Construction Cost of Prefabricated Residential Buildings
Authors: X. L.Zhu  , H. Zhang
Published: August 2022

The acceleration of construction of cities and towns motivates the development of the construction industry. Prefabricated residential building is extensively concerned by the public for its small damages to the surrounding environment and high quality. In this study, different construction stages of the prefabricated residential building were analyzed, and factors influencing the construction cost in different stages were discussed. The construction technique, speed, civil work cost and environmental benefits were compared between the traditional concrete building and the prefabricated residential building. Moreover the differences of costs in different stages were compared in a real case. Several effective measures for controlling construction cost were put forward. The results demonstrated that the cost of the prefabricated residential building was much lower than that of the traditional concrete building. The suggestions for reducing construction cost can provide a reference for similar projects.
Study on Seismic Dynamic Response and Failure Mode of Metro Station Affected by Burial Depths
Authors: S. Huang  , Y. Peng  , Y. Lyu
Published: August 2022

The metro station structure shows different failure modes when it is located at different burial depths. This re-search work is aimed to determine the influence laws of burial depths on dynamic response and failure modes of the metro station under near and far field earthquakes based on the nonlinear elastic-plastic finite element model of the metro station. The research results show that the horizontal displacements and acceleration dy-namic magnification factors of the metro station decrease and especially the internal forces increase gradually when the burial depth increases. The decreasing amplitude of the horizontal displacements and acceleration dynamic magnification factors of the metro station is reduced and the increasing amplitude of the internal forces slows down when the burial depth increases to a specific extent. Therefore, desirable anti-seismic per-formance could be achieved when a specific range of burial depth is avoided reasonably. At last, indoor shak-ing table test for metro station was done, through which we determined the initial failure position and the failure mode of the metro station under earthquake. And shaking table test results demonstrate the validation of the numerical simulation results.
Behavior of Castellated Steel Beams: State of the Art Review
Authors: Samadhan G. Morkhade  , Laxmikant M. Gupta
Published: August 2022

The state of the art of behaviour of Steel Castellated Beams is explain in this paper. The present research status of behavior of castellated beams is not mature and need much through study compared to beams without openings in the web. The existence of various shapes of openings such as circular, hexagonal, rectan-gular, octagonal and oval etc. in beams web add some additional failure modes namely; lateral-torsional buck-ling of web posts, web post buckling due to shear force, formation of four plastic hinges around the corners of openings, rupture of welded of joints in the castellated beams over a conventional steel beams. A review of experimental and analytical work carried out on castellated steel beams has been presented. The paper also focuses on the influence of various parameters such as types of openings, size of openings, spacing of the openings, aspect ratio, various numbers of openings and strengthening on the behavior of steel beams with web openings
Proposed SMA Tension Sling Damper for Passive Seismic Control of Building
Authors: S. H. Mehta  , S. P. Purohit
Published: August 2022

Passive Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) based Tension Sling Damper (TSD) is proposed to control seismic response of building represented as dynamic SDOF system. Non-linear hysteretic behavior of SMA is characterized by Tanaka model with seismic excitations as input. It is converted to equivalent piece-wise linear elastic viscous damping model described by stiffness constant ‘keff’ and damping constant ‘ceff’ to implement it with linear dynamic system. Damping constant ‘ceff’ is evaluated for TSD for given seismic excitation at each instance of time defined as instantaneous damping, unlike constant damping used in other studies, to derive accurate seismic response of the dynamic system. Seismic response control parameters – peak and rms perfor-mance indices (PI) for displacement and acceleration, peak damper force, maximum damping ratio are evalu-ated for flexible, moderately stiff and stiff dynamic systems fitted with TSD under pulse and strong ground motion type seismic excitations with varied PGA. Substantial reduction in PI is observed for controlled systems through varying design parameters of TSD – cross-sectional area and length of SMA sling. TSD yields better seismic response control for moderately stiff and flexible system due to super-elastic properties of SMA. Fur-ther, it works efficiently for seismic excitations with low to moderate PGA.
Utilizing Steel Brace for Seismic Retrofitting of Old School Buildings with Open Ground Storey
Authors: T. Sharaf  , O. M. Ramadan  , S. Elshazly
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the seismic performance of an old school building with open ground storey. The building was designed according to an old Egyptian design code that did not consider the earthquake load; thus, the building is vulnerable to sudden lack of stiffness in the open ground storey (soft storey effect). The first check showed that the building is unable to resist the loads from earthquakes in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Therefore, two retrofitting options were suggested and investigated: using steel bracings; and changing the thickness of some ground floor infill walls. Pushover analyses were conducted to evaluate the building seismic performance. For these analyses, the FEA was applied considering both material and geometric nonlinearities. Both retrofitting methods helped to make the building capable to resist the earthquake loads according to the current Egyptian codes. In particular, retrofitting increased the lateral resistance by up to 55% and 25% in longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively. The research findings facilitate an economical and practical upgrading of many old school buildings without violating their function. Based on authors’ expe-rience, there are hundreds of such school buildings in Egypt alone.
parametric study of an offshore concrete pile under combined loading conditions using finite element method
Authors: J.A. Eicher  , H. Guan  , D. S. Jeng
Published: August 2022

Offshore piles are commonly used as foundation elements of various offshore structures, especially large structures such as Tension Leg Platforms (TLP). The stress distribution within such a large structure is a dominant factor in the design procedure of an offshore pile. To provide a more accurate and effective design, a finite element model is employed herein to determine the stresses and displacements in a concrete pile under combined structural and wave loadings. The vertical structural load is essentially a static load, while the lateral wave loading fluctuates in time domain and is directly affected by the incident wave angle. The parametric study will consist of varying certain parameters of the pile to study the effects of the stress distribution under various combinations of structural and wave loadings.
Performance-Based Design Examples for Steel Moment-Resisting Frames with Supplemental Damping
Authors: Wenshen Pong
Published: August 2022

The goal of this paper is to present a design procedure for steel moment-resisting frames with supplemental damping with performance-based design constraints. The first design example is based on a 4-story steel moment frame building with velocity dependent dampers; the second design example is based on the same building with displacement dependent dampers. The primary seismic-resistant frames, without dampers, were designed to meet the Uniform Building Code of 1997. The amount of supplemental damping for velocity-dependent devices was proportioned based on the first mode of the structural motion. The design of supplemental damping for displacement dependent devices was based on the stiffness of the structure. The seismic resistant frames, with dampers, were designed to remain elastic under a Design Basis Earthquake. The design goal is to limit the lateral drift to 1% of the story height and the Demand-to-Capacity ratio of the moment connections within 1 for a Design Basis Earthquake event. In the event of a larger earthquake, such as Maximum Credible Earthquake, plastic hinge formations and some structural damage would be expected. In that case, the post-Northridge moment connections will provide the ductility to minimize the damage. Lessons learned and suggestions for design guidelines are presented.
Non-linear analysis of externally prestressed concrete beams
Authors: B.K. Diep  , H. Umehara
Published: August 2022

In an external prestressing system, there is no strain compatibility between the cable and the concrete at every cross-section, the increment of cable strain must be evaluated by taking into account the whole structure, rather than performing the calculation at each section, independently. In this study, a method for the calculation of cable strain, which is based on the deformation compatibility of beam and friction at the deviators, was proposed to predict entire response of externally prestressed concrete beams up to the ultimate state. Application of the developed method in numerical analysis of some examples was then performed. The predicted results showed that the structural behavior of externally prestressed concrete beams could be satisfactorily predicted from zero loading stage up to the ultimate loading stage. The proposed analysis reproduced experimental results such as deflection and increase of cable stress responses with remarkable accuracy.
Studies on free vibration of FRP aircraft Instruments panel boards
Authors: E. Chandrasekaran  , K. Jayaraman
Published: August 2022

The paper deals with the experimental investigations done on free vibration characteristics of typical FRP aircraft instrument panel boards made of E-glass /Poly vinyl ester composite. Seventeen panel boards are made using the hand lay-up technique with different number of layers, fibre orientations, thickness and fibre contents. Their physical and elastic properties are determined experimentally. The support conditions and the loadings are simulated in the same manner, as they are located on the aircraft. The first three natural frequencies are determined experimentally. These results are compared with the same results obtained using a finite element analysis software package. Apart from these seventeen boards a number of analytical models with variations in the fibre orientations, the number of layers etc. are also studied and the results obtained are discussed.
Seismic analysis of concrete gravity dams by decoupled modal approach in time domain
Authors: Vahid Lotfi
Published: August 2022

A modal approach is proposed for dynamic analysis of general concrete gravity dam-reservoir systems in time domain. The method is explained initially, and the analysis of Pine Flat Dam is considered as a verification example. The proposed approach is proved to be a very effective technique. The main advantage being that it relies on eigen-vectors of decoupled system, which can be easily obtained by standard eigen-solution routines.
Designing Against Fire
Authors: I. D. Bennetts  , I. R. Thomas
Published: August 2022

This paper considers the design of buildings for fire safety. It is found that fire and the associated effects on buildings is significantly different to other forms of loading such as gravity live loads, wind and earthquakes and their respective effects on the building structure. Fire events are derived from the human activities within buildings or from the malfunction of mechanical and electrical equipment provided within buildings to achieve a serviceable environment. It is therefore possible to directly influence the rate of firestarts within buildings by changing human behaviour, improved maintenance and improved design of mechanical and electrical systems. Furthermore, should a fire develops, it is possible to directly influence the resulting fire severity by the incorporation of fire safety systems such as sprinklers and to provide measures within the building to enable safer egress from the building. The ability to influence the rate of fire starts and the resulting fire severity is unique to the consideration of fire within buildings since other loads such as wind and earthquakes are directly a function of nature. The possible approaches for designing a building for fire safety are presented using an example of a multi-storey building constructed over a railway line. The design of both the transfer structure supporting the building over the railway and the levels above the transfer structure are considered in the context of current regulatory requirements. The principles and assumptions associated with various approaches are discussed.
The effects of sulfate solution on the behavior of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Behrouz Mohebimoghaddam
Published: August 2022

Reinforced concrete structures can be adversely affected by chemical aggressive environments such as sulfates and chlorides. It is necessary to study the durability and some other critical engineering properties of these structures in such environments. The paper in hand reports the experimental results of sodium sulfate solution influence on the physical and mechanical properties of normal strength concrete. The experimental work included 18 reinforced concrete beams (2300×60×100 mm3). The beams loaded at the midspan following a two point loading setup. Three kinds of environments were chosen for curing the beams prior to testing: state temperature and humidity standard conditions, water basin and sodium sulfate solution. The curing environments were applied to the beams from three sides. The flexural strength and stiffness, inelastic strain in concrete, crack width and deflection were measured. The experimental results presented in this paper clearly indicate that the reinforced concrete beams exposed to sulfate solution causes a decrease the flexural strength and stiffness and an increase the width of flexural cracks.
Behaviour of retrofitted reinforced concrete beams under combined bending and torsion : A numerical study
Authors: R.Santhakumar  , R.Dhanaraj  , E.Chandrasekaran
Published: August 2022

This paper presents the numerical study on unretrofitted and retrofitted reinforced concrete beams subjected to combined bending and torsion. Different ratios between twisting moment and bending moment are considered. The finite elements adopted by ANSYS are used for this study. For the purpose of validation of the finite element model developed, the numerical study is first carried out on the unretrofitted reinforced concrete beams that were experimentally tested and reported in the literature. Then the study has been extended for the same reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites with ±45o and 0/90o fiber orientations. The present study reveals that the CFRP composites with ±45o fiber orientations are more effective in retrofitting the RC beams subjected to combined bending and torsion for higher torque to moment ratios.
Plastic mechanism analysis of CHS stub columns strengthened using CFRP
Authors: M. Elchalakani  , M.R. Bambach
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a plastic mechanism analysis for circular hollow section (CHS) tubes strengthened using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) deforming in an axi-symmetric (elephant foot) collapse mode under large deformation axial loading. The collapse proceeded progressively by folding about three concentrated hinge lines and hoop extension of the shell. An expression for the plastic collapse axial load was obtained by equating the total energy absorbed in bending and extension to the external work carried out during deformation of the tube. The newly derived mathematical model takes into account the contribution of the CFRP towards energy absorption during collapse. Comparisons of the predicted instantaneous post-buckling collapse loads with those obtained from experiments carried out elsewhere show good agreement.
Modern design, construction and maintenance of composite steelconcrete structures: Australian experiences
Authors: B. Uy
Published: August 2022

Modern design, construction innovation and maintenance issues have been extensively utilised for composite steel-concrete building structures in Australia. This paper provides an overview of the design codes, innovative construction applications and maintenance issues for steel-concrete composite members in Australia. The paper initially provides an overview of the various codes of practice for steel-concrete composite members in Australia. In identifying construction innovation significant projects to adopt composite construction techniques are considered. Many of these projects have found that the national codes of practice have been lacking in guidance. This has thus been the focal point for much of the research into the area of steel-concrete composite members over the last two decades. The paper concludes with research that is currently being carried out which considers materials and solutions in composite structural forms which promote the concepts of sustainability and will inevitably be prominent in improved maintenance of steel structures in the future.