bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Bounds of Order: Ungoverned Spaces and the Challenges of Insecurity in Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuebuka Okoye Anthony Chukwuebuka , Gbekumo Ondo , Chikezie Akuchi Esther
Published: January 2025

For decades, the Nigerian state has been concerned with the issue of expanding insecurity within its borders. The insecurity manifests primarily in the form of Boko Haram (BH) terrorism, Niger Delta militancy, Unknown Gun Men (UGM) conundrum, banditry, kidnapping, cattle rustling, oil theft, sea robbery, armed robbery, and so on. Although, the literature appears to identify several causative factors to the insecurity. However, this study attributes the country’s precarious security situation to ungoverned spaces in all geo-political zones, states, local governments, and nearly all communities. These areas serve as havens, hideouts, training grounds, points of reconnaissance, and operational bases for terrorists. The study is anchored on the theory of state fragility through which it argued that the lack of capacity, and authority, on the part of the Nigerian state to assert its sovereignty over its territory enhances the ability of criminals, dissidents, and belligerent groups to unleash terror on the state and its citizens. Data for the study were generated from secondary sources and were analyses using the qualitative descriptive method. The study discovered that the inability of the Nigerian state to effectively police and maintain its presence across its territory accounts for the expanding security threats. The study recommends restructuring and reformation of the Nigerian security architecture and the adoption of state and community policing options. No one can know and better protect a place more than its inhabitants.
Análisis Espacial de la Violencia de Género contra la Mujer: Estudio de Reportes de emergencias 911 mediante Sistemas de Información Geográfica
Authors: Quintero Ávila Octavio , Caballero Delgadillo Juan Antonio
Published: January 2025

El análisis espacial de la violencia de género contra la mujer en la colonia Fomerrey 112, Monterrey, se realiza a partir de reportes del Sistema de Emergencias 911 entre 2017 y 2022, utilizando Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Esta investigación tiene como  objetivo identificar patrones geográficos de incidentes de violencia. Se incluyeron solo reportes clasificados como violencia de género, excluyendo datos no relevantes y duplicados. Los datos fueron recopilados y normalizados para un análisis. A través de mapas de distribución de puntos y análisis de densidad de Kernel, se identificaron áreas con alta incidencia de violencia, especialmente en el contexto de violencia familiar y de pareja. Los hallazgos revelan que un 81.3% de las víctimas son mujeres, lo que subraya la necesidad de políticas públicas centradas en esta población vulnerable. El uso de SIG ha demostrado ser esencial para la georreferenciación de incidentes y la planificación de intervenciones.
Impacto de los factores socioeconómicos en la deserción escolar en el Perú, 2013
Authors: Chala Lloclla Franco Eduardo
Published: January 2025

En el mundo se emplean diversos tipos de análisis de los factores socioeconómico que intervienen en la deserción escolar, debido a que los seres humanos poseen características diferentes y se requiere de obtener un panorama más claro de estas cualidades. Es Becker (1994) expone de manera teórica los conceptos que intervienen en los análisis realizados, en relación con la teoría del capital humano revela la importancia que estas indagaciones poseen (Citado en Torres-Rentería y Escobar-Jiménez, 2022). Por lo expuesto, en el presente estudio se profundiza el impacto de los factores socioeconómicos en la deserción escolar en el Perú durante el año 2013. La investigación adopta un enfoque cuantitativo utilizando regresión lineal múltiple para analizar la relación entre estas los componentes de la variable de factores socioeconómicos y la deserción escolar empleando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares del Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Los resultados revelan que tanto el analfabetismo como el PBI tienen una relación inversa significativa con la deserción escolar, indicando que la mejora en la alfabetización y el fortalecimiento de la economía contribuyen a reducir el abandono escolar. Asimismo, el empleo adecuado muestra una relación negativa con la deserción, subrayando la importancia de la disponibilidad de empleos de calidad para mantener a los estudiantes en el sistema educativo. El modelo econométrico utilizado explica el 47.34% de la variabilidad en la deserción escolar, señalando que existen otros factores no considerados que también influyen significativamente. Las conclusiones destacan la complejidad de las interacciones entre los factores socioeconómicos y la deserción escolar, recomendando políticas integrales que aborden múltiples dimensiones socioeconómicas de manera coordinada para lograr una reducción efectiva en las tasas de abandono escolar.
Proceso de crecimiento urbano en el área periurbana de la zona sur de la paz
Authors: Perales Miranda Víctor Hugo
Published: January 2025

En el presente artículo se enlazan dos categorías: el proceso de crecimiento urbano y la urbanización del agua para emplearla como prisma para el análisis de cómo ambas se desarrollan en el área periurbana del Macrodistrito Sur de La Paz en Bolivia. Se ha planteado como actores, sujetos de estudio, a los pobladores de la periferia urbana del Macrodistrito Sur del municipio de La Paz, a la Empresa Pública Social de Agua y Saneamiento S.A. (EPSAS S.A.), al Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de La Paz, a las inmobiliarias que trabajan en el área estudiada, entre otros. El levantamiento de datos se hizo a partir de visitas de campo a dos áreas periurbanas de la zona Sur de La Paz.
TÉCNICAS MINIMAMENTE INVASIVAS PARA HÉRNIAS INGUINAIS PEDIÁTRICAS- EXPLORANDO REPAROS LAPAROSCÓPICOS SEM SUTURA: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Borges Souza Pedro Lucas , Barbosa Zuza Beatriz Muniz , Felipe Ribeiro Isabela , Da Silva Ruiz Camila , Dos Santos Abreu Tharsila , Pádua Fernandes Victor Edhuardo , Martins Oliveira Saint-Clair Maria Eduarda , De Freitas Borges Kelly Cristiene
Published: January 2025

O reparo laparoscópico de hérnia inguinal em crianças tem ganhado destaque por sua segurança e eficácia, sendo um dos tratamentos preferidos na literatura médica. A técnica oferece vantagens como a possibilidade de corrigir hérnias contralaterais no mesmo procedimento e a redução quase completa das recidivas. No entanto, a falta de padronização nas abordagens laparoscópicas continua a ser um desafio, e a discussão sobre a eficácia da sutura versus o processo de selamento do peritônio permanece em aberto. Objetivo: O estudo visa analisar as técnicas laparoscópicas minimamente invasivas para o tratamento de hérnias inguinais pediátricas, com ênfase nos reparos sem sutura, avaliando sua eficácia, segurança e impacto na redução de complicações. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos publicados nos últimos  anos, selecionados nas bases PubMed, Scielo, Embase e MedLine, considerando critérios específicos de inclusão e exclusão. Ao todo, foram selecionados 6 artigos para análise. Resultados e Discussão: A técnica laparoscópica sem sutura para o reparo de hérnias inguinais pediátricas mostrou-se eficaz, com baixa taxa de recidiva e recuperação rápida. Estudos indicam benefícios como menor risco de complicações, diminuição de cicatrizes visíveis e resultados a longo prazo promissores. No entanto, a padronização e o treinamento contínuo são essenciais para garantir o seu sucesso clínico. Conclusão: O reparo laparoscópico sem sutura é uma alternativa segura e eficaz para o tratamento de hérnias inguinais pediátricas. Apesar dos resultados promissores, mais estudos e treinamento especializado são necessários para confirmar a durabilidade dos resultados e facilitar a adoção generalizada desta técnica.
Development and Validation of Study-to-work Transition Questionnaire, Malaysian Version, Among Occupational Therapist Graduates
Authors: Mei Kei Geoh , Razaob Nor Afifi , Mohd Rasdi Hanif Farhan , Kadar Masne , Wan Yunus Farahiyah
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Smooth transition from study to work is crucial in preparing students for work. Although the questionnaire was used in previous studies to measure transition to work, a limited validated questionnaire is available. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable Study-to-Work Transition Questionnaire, Malaysian Version (S2WTQMV) that can be used to identify challenges that students face during clinical posting, work readiness, and job satisfaction. Materials and methods: The development of S2WTQMV was conducted in five phases: i) a questionnaire development through literature review; ii) a content validation of the questionnaire; iii) a feasibility study of the questionnaire; iv) the distribution of the questionnaire to 130 occupational therapy alumni; and v) a construct validation of the questionnaire using the ADANCO Version 2.1.1. Results: The questionnaire’s content validity achieved I-CVI ≥0.78 and S-CVI/Ave ≥0.90. Four items with low factor loading (<0.50) and four items with low AVE were removed. The convergent validity of the questionnaire achieved AVE ≥0.50. Good construct reliability was also indicated based on the Dijkstra-Henseler’s rho, Jöreskog’s rho and Cronbach’s alpha values of more than 0.70. Conclusion: S2WTQMV is acceptable to be used as a tool to identify the challenges faced during clinical posting, work readiness and job satisfaction of graduates.
Predicting Factors of Renal Recoverability Post Percutaneous Nephrostomy for Obstructive Uropathy in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC)
Authors: Rajaswaran Rubeni , Yaacob Nur Yazmin
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Multiple factors predict the recoverability of renal function post percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) in obstructive uropathy. The aim is to ascertain parameters with significant predictive value to aid in the stratification of patients requiring urgent PCN. Materials and methods: A retrospective study over a period of 5 years between January 2016 till January 2021 was conducted in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) involving a total of 217 patients who underwent image guided PCN that met the inclusion criteria. The pre-intervention renal imaging, biochemical parameters and the post-intervention serum creatinine were obtained and respective estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated. Patients with post-intervention serum creatinine of less than 130 umol/L and eGFR of more than 60 were categorized as patients with good renal recovery. Subsequently, the significance of each parameter with good renal recovery was analysed. Results: There is significant correlation between the absence of chronic kidney disease and renal parenchymal disease, level of obstruction, age, renal size, hemoglobin, pre-intervention serum creatinine and eGFR with good renal recovery on bivariate analysis. However, only the absence of renal parenchymal disease, renal size of more than 11.2cm (S.D: 7.2 - 23.8) and pre-intervention eGFR of more than 23.0 (S.D: 2.2 - 168.0) remained statistically significant on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Previous healthy kidneys with good size and function proves to be statistically significant in achieving the best recoverability which are applicable in stratification of PCN requests. A prospective study of a wider population will yield a farther accurate and generally pertinent result.
The Effect of Different Tofu Liquid Waste Doses on Decreasing Alveolar Bone Resorption in Rats
Authors: Diah Diah , Permatasari Nur , Rachmawati Dini , Rope Jelshagrysna Jessyella , Fitriani Tania Dewi , Anwar Saiful , Tanujaya Andry Anthony
Published: January 2025

Introduction: P. gingivalis are the main bacteria that cause periodontal diseases. One of the clinical signs of periodontal disease is alveolar bone resorption. Tofu liquid waste is a typical high water-containing biomass and isoflavones. Isoflavones is a polyphenol that has an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. This study aims to evaluate whether systemic administration of different tofu liquid waste doses has effects on decreasing alveolar bone resorption of the Wistar rats’ periodontal tissues induced by P. gingivalis. Materials and methods: : This is true experimental research, with a randomized posttest-only group design. The groups are K (-) for the normal group, K (+) for the negative control group, and K-1, K-2, and K-3 for group induced with P.gingivalis [0.03 mL(1x 109CFU/mL)] and administrated with 6, 12, and 18 mL/kgBW tofu liquid waste respectively every day for 28 days. Results: Freeze-dried technique result showed tofu liquid waste still contains isoflavone (daidzin and glycitin). There is no difference in mean in all parameters between K(-) and K-3. K(+) has difference mean with K-1, K-2, and K-3. Correlation test showed there was a positive correlation between the dose levels of tofu liquid waste with osteoblasts and OPG, and a negative correlation between the dose levels of tofu liquid waste with lymphocytes, neutrophils, osteoclasts, RANKL, alveolar bone resorption, and periodontal ligament space. Conclusion: Tofu liquid waste administration has effects on decreasing the alveolar bone resorption of Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) periodontal tissues induced by P. gingivalis and 18 mL/kgBW has the highest effect.
SALJUQIYLAR DAVLATINING SHAKLLANISH JARAYONI (1038–1157)
Authors: RAJAPOV Pirnazar
Published: January 2025

Mazkur maqolada ko‘chmanchi o‘g‘uz qabilalarining saljuqiylar urug‘i atrofida birlashishi va Buyuk Saljuqiylar davlati (1038–1057) ning yuzaga kelish jarayoni yoritib berilgan. Saljuqiylarning O‘g‘uz yabg‘u davlati (766–1055) dan ajralib chiqib, Sirdaryo quyi oqimlariga o‘rnashishi hamda somoniylar (865– 999), qoraxoniylar (840–1212) va g‘aznaviylar (977–1186) bilan qo‘shnichilik munosabatlari va ziddiyatlari ham maqoladan o‘rin olgan. Dastlab saljuqiylar g‘animat evaziga somoniy Muntasirning qoraxoniy Nasr Eloqxonga qarshi kurashida yordam berishgan. Lekin Nasr Eloqxonning qasos olishidan xavfsirab, u bilan ittifoq tuzishgan. Keyinchalik qoraxoniylardan ajralib chiqqan Buxoro hokimi Ali Teginning g‘aznaviylar va qoraxoniylarga qarshi yurishlarida ishtirok etishgan. Ya’ni ko‘chmanchi o‘g‘uzlarning maqsadi faqat o‘lja bo‘lgan. Mahmud G‘aznaviy (997–1030) hiyla yo‘li bilan Arslon yabg‘u (vaf.1032) ni tutqunlikka mahkum qilgach, saljuqiylar orasida birlik yo‘qolgan va Arslon yabg‘u idorasidagi o‘g‘uzlar Movarounnahr, Xorazm, Xuroson, Iroq, Dehiston hududlariga tarqalib ketgan. Xususan, saljuqiylar Janddan dastlab Buxoro, so‘ngra Xorazmga ko‘chishga majbur bo‘lishgan. Jand hokimi Shohmalik (vaf. 1042) Xorazmda saljuqiylarni qatliom qilgach, ularning aksar qismi qirilib ketgan. Maqolada o‘g‘uzlarning tarqoqlik davrida boshdan kechirgan hodisalari hamda zavolga yuz tutgan O‘g‘uz yabg‘u davlatidan Xuroson hududlariga ko‘chib kelgan o‘g‘uzlarning saljuqiylar atrofida qayta birlashishi jarayonlari ham ochib berilgan. G‘aznaviylar bilan kelishmovchilik chiqqach, o‘g‘uzlarning Xuroson va Iroq hududlaridagi talonchilik harakatlari va uning sabablari sharhlab o‘tilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada Saljuq (taxminan 900–1007) ning nevaralari Muhammad To‘g‘rul (1040–1062) va Dovud Choribey (989–1060) larning Dandanakon jangida g‘aznaviylar sultonining ulkan qo‘shinini mag‘lub etib, Saljuqiylar davlatining yuzaga kelishiga zamin hozirlaganiga ham alohida to‘xtalib o‘tilgan.
ҚУРЪОНШУНОСЛИККА ОИД ТАДҚИҚОТЛАР ВА СОҲАДАГИ ЯНГИЧА ЁНДАШУВЛАР ТАҲЛИЛИ
Authors: Maxsudov Davronbek
Published: January 2025

Аннотация. Қуръоншунослик фани ўзининг тараққиётида бир нечта босқичларни босиб ўтиб, алоҳида фан сифатида шаклланди ва унинг негизида тармоқлар ҳам пайдо бўлди. Ҳозирга келиб Қуръоншуносликка оид ўнлаб соҳалар тадқиқ қилинган. Энг эътиборлиси бу борада янги изланишлар ва демакки янги тармоқлар намоён бўлмоқда. Шу маънода Қуръон билан боғлиқ илмларни унинг ўзига тааллуқли бўлган анънавий илмлар ва замонавий фан-техника ютуқлари сабабли очилиб бораётган илмларга ажратиш ҳолатлари мавжуд. Аслида ҳам ушбу китоб нозил бўлган пайтда унга ҳидоят, дунё ва охират саодатига калит, деб қаралган бўлса, бугунги кунга келиб, уни илмий назария ва кашфиётларга бой манба сифатида ҳам қараш шаклланди. Мазкур мақолада ҳам Қуръонга тааллуқли анъанавий илмларни одатий ёндашувлардан фарқли равишда тақсимлаш ва таҳлил қилишга, Мусулмон олами ва Ғарбдаги изланишларга эътибор қаратилган ҳолда Унда зикр қилинган замонавий билимларга ўрин ажратилган.Калит сўзлар:Қуръон илмлари, Қуръоншунослик, тафсир, муфассир, Ғарб, Шарқ.
İBN SA‘D’IN ET-TABAKÂT’INDA ŞÎA KAVRAMI
Authors: Bedri YAVUZ Ahmet , DEMİRBİLEK Mine
Published: January 2025

İbn Sa‘d’ın Kitâbu’t-Tabakâti’l-Kebîr isimli eseri tabakat türünün ilk örneği ve erken dönem kaynaklarından biri olması sebebiyle klasik kaynaklar arasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Sünni kaynaklar içerisinde zikredilen bu eser dönemin siyasi, sosyal ve dini yapısını görme imkânı sunan bilgileri bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. İbn Sa‘d’ın yaşadığı dönem, hicri ikinci asrın sonu ile üçüncü asrın başına tekabül etmektedir. Mezhepler Tarihi açısından bu zaman diliminde mezheplerin ne ölçüde teşekkül ettiği, üzerine çalışılan konular arasındadır. Bu konu doğrultusunda çağdaş araştırmacıların yoğun olarak ilgilendiği soru, Şîa’nın ne zaman teşekkül ettiği, Şii anlayışa ne zaman rastlanıldığıdır. Çok katmanlı bir yapısı olan Şîa’nın teşekkül sürecini belirlemede karşılaşılan sorunun kökeninde, siyasetle iç içe girmiş bir mücadele dönemi üzerinden kendini inşa etmesi, farklı kültürlerden kadim inanışları bünyesinde barındırması, gulat olarak nitelenen aşırı görüşlere sahip grupların da kendilerini Hz. Ali üzerinden meşrulaştırması ve düşüncelerinin merkezine Hz. Ali’yi yerleştirmeleri gibi nedenler bulunmaktadır. İbn Sa‘d’ın Şîa kavramını hangi anlamda ve kimler için kullandığı, Şîa’nın teşekkülü ile ilgili tartışmalara yeni bir boyut kazandırma imkânına sahip olabilir. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada İbn Sa‘d’ın «Şîa» kavramını kullanımı konu edinilmiştir.
МОТУРИДИЙЛИК ТАЪЛИМОТИНИНГБУЮК ИПАК ЙЎЛИ ОРҚАЛИХИТОЙГА ТАРҚАЛИШИ
Authors: Alloqulov Abdullatif
Published: January 2025

Мотуридийлик таълимотига Абу Мансур Мотуридий асос солган бўлса, унинг давомчилари, шогирдлари таълимотни дунё бўйича тарқалишига замин яратиб бердилар. Жумладан, Абул Муин Насафий ўзининг «Табсират ал-адилла» асари орқали таълимотни янада тизимлаштириб, уни кейинги авлодга содда, равон тилда етказишга ҳаракат қилган. Натижада, ҳанафий мазҳаби негизида мотуридийлик таълимоти ҳанафий мазҳаби тарқалган барча ҳудудларга тарқалиб, олимлар эътирофига ва мусулмонларнинг диққат-марказига тушди. Мотуридийлик таълимоти ислом динидаги фан тармоқлари билан биргаликда маълум шахслар орқали Хитойга ҳам етиб борди. Натижада, Хитойда ҳам мотуридийлик таълимотига асосланган мактаблар, мадрасалар ташкил қилинди.
Мақолада Хитой жамиятида ривож топган мотуридийлик таълимотининг хусусиятлари, унинг оқимларга қарши кескин раддиялар билан бойитилгани, таълимот хитойлик мусулмонлар орасида маълум шайхлар орқали тарқатилиши, хитойлик олимларнинг мотуридийлик таълимоти ривожига қўшган ҳиссаси, хитойлик тўрт шайхнинг илмий мероси ва уларда мотуридийлик таълимотининг акс этиши, мотуридийлик таълимотида хитой фалсафасидаги атама ва ибораларнинг қўлланилиши каби мавзулар таҳлил қилинган. Шунингдек, Руҳуддин Юсуфнинг «Муробит ал-имон» асарида келтирилган маълумотлар орқали хитойликларнинг мотуридийлик таълимотида бўлганлари асосланган бўлса, олимнинг «Қироат ал-қурро» китоби орқали хитойлик мусулмонлар ислом динини бухоролик олимлар орқали ўрганганлари, уларга барча жабҳада эргашганлари асослаб берилган.
ФАТВОНИНГ ИЖТИМОИЙ АҲАМИЯТИ
Authors: Abdurahmonov Yahyo
Published: January 2025

Ушбу мақолада ХХI асрга келиб кундан-кунга турли кўринишларда намоён бўлаётган глобал ижтимоий муаммоларга ечимлар топишнинг механизмларидан бири бўлган диний фатво бериш мавзусига доир фикрлар билдирилади. Мақолада ижтимоий муаммоларнинг «жамият тараққиёти учун жиддий таҳдид» солаётган ва ўз ечимларини топишни талаб этаётган масала сифатида намоён бўлаётганлигига эътибор қаратилади ва социология фанининг тадқиқот усуллари қаторида мусулмон жамиятини бошқариш механизмларидан бири сифатида диний фатволарнинг ижтимоий ролига эътибор қаратилиши ҳам долзарб масалалар сирасига киритилиши лозимлиги очиб берилади. Жамиятда тинчлик-барқарорлик бардавомлигини таъминлашда мусулмон уламоларининг, муфтийларнинг чиқараётган фатволари мусулмонлар турмуш тарзини тартибли бошқариш жараёнида алоҳида аҳамият касб этиши таъкидланади. Жаҳоннинг йирик ва машҳур фатво марказлари томонидан чиқарилаётган фатволарнинг муаммолар бўйича пайдо бўлаётган саволларга жавоб беришдаги роли ва ўрни мавзу бўйича амалга оширилган тадқиқот ишлари хулосалари асосида таҳлил қилинади.
Сўнгги йилларда Имом Мотуридий меросининг юртимизда ўрганилиши: эришилган натижалар ва истиқболдаги режалар
Authors: Karimov Jamoliddin
Published: January 2025

Имом Мотуридий халқаро илмий-тадқиқот маркази 2020 йил 11 августда Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президенти Шавкат Мирзиёевнинг ПҚ-4802-сонли Қарори асосида ташкил этилган. Марказ олдига Имом Мотуридий ва унинг издошлари меросини ўрганиш, уларнинг ақида ва калом илми ривожига қўшган бебаҳо ҳиссасини тарғиб қилиш, шу асосда ёш авлодни умуминсоний эзгу қадриятлар руҳида тарбиялаш, уларда ёт ғояларга қарши мафкуравий иммунитетни шакллантириш, «жаҳолатга қарши маърифат» ғояси остида исломнинг илм-маърифат, маънавий баркамоллик, тинчлик, тараққиёт ҳамда бунёдкорликка чорловчи ғояларини афкор оммага етказиш каби муҳим вазифалар қўйилди. Шундан келиб чиққан ҳолда, ҳозирги кунга қадар Марказда аждодлар ҳаёти, илмий фаолияти ҳамда уларнинг асарларининг таржимасига доир 100дан ортиқ китоб ва рисолалар нашр этилди. Ушбу мақолада Имом Мотуридий халқаро илмий-тадқиқот маркази томонидан амалга оширилган йирик лойиҳалар, жумладан, Имом Мотуридийнинг «Таъвилот ал-Қуръон» асарининг ўзбек тилига таржимаси ҳамда «Китоб ат-Тавҳид» асарининг замонавий нашрлари ҳақида сўз боради.
IBN SA’DNING «AT-TABAQOT AL-KUBRO» ASARIDA AYOLLAR BIOGRAFIYASINING YORITILISHI
Authors: SOTVOLDIYEV Oybek
Published: January 2025

Ислом тарихнавислигининг таниқли намояндаларидан Муҳаммад ибн Саъднинг (ваф. 230/845) «ат-Табақот ал-кубро» асари ислом тарихига оид биографик туркумдаги энг муҳим манбалардан бири саналади. Асарда аёллар таржимаи ҳолига алоҳида эътибор қаратилиб, сўнгги жилд тўлалигича саҳобий ва тобеий аёллар биографиясига бағишлангани унинг аҳамиятини оширади. Мазкур мақола «атТабақот ал-кубро» асарининг илк ислом жамиятидаги аёллар ҳаёти ва фаолиятини ўрганишдаги ўрнини очиб беришга қаратилган. Мақолада муаллифнинг саҳобий аёллар таржимаи ҳолини баён қилишдаги услуби,
табақалар таснифида қўллаган тартиби каби масалалар тадқиқ этилиб, аёлларнинг ижтимоий ҳаётдаги ўрни ва улар шуғулланган фаолиятлар очиб берилган
BALOG‘AT ILMINING RIVOJLANISHIDA SA’DUDDIN TAFTAZONIY ASARLARINING O‘RNI
Authors: ASKAROV Abdurashid
Published: January 2025

Mazkur maqolada arab tilining balog‘at fani, uning tarkibidagi bayon, maoniy va badi’ ilmlari, ushbu ilmlarning yuzaga kelish tarixi, hamda, ularning ajdodlardan qolgan og‘zaki va yozma ma’naviy merosni o‘rganishdagi ahamiyati bayon qilinadi. Shuningdek, arab tili balog‘atiga ulkan hissa qo‘shgan olimlar Jurjoniy, Zamaxshariy, Taftazoniy, Sakkokiy, Qazviniy haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Xususan, «Muṭawwal», «Muḫtasaru-lma‘āniy», «Šarḥu-l-miftāḥ» asarlari tekstologiyasi, tarkibiy tuzilishi, mazkur asarlardagi balog‘at qoidalari hamda terminlarining qo‘llanilishi borasida amalga oshirilgan tadqiqotlar Taftazoniyning balog‘at ilmining nazariy qoidalarini ishlab chiqishda o‘z uslubiga ega ekanini ko‘rsatadi. Ushbu asarlarda ilgari surilgan nazariy qarashlar balog‘at ilmi sohasida olib borilayotgan tadqiqotlar salmog‘ini oshirishga xizmat qiladi. Taftazoniyning balog‘atga doir barcha asarlari u yashagan davr taqozosi bilan sharh tarzida yozilgan. Olim avvalgi balog‘at sohasidagi olimlarining asarlarini batafsil o‘rganib chiqqani va ularni tahqiq qilib, sharhlar yozgani ma’lum bo‘ldi. Sa’duddin Taftazoniy balog‘at ilmi namoyondalari hisoblangan Abdulqohir Jurjoniy, Mahmud Zamaxshariy, Yusuf Sakkokiy, Mahmud Qazviniy va boshqa olimlarning balog‘at ilmiga oid qarashlariga nisbatan munosabat bildirgan. Taftazoniy
Jurjoniy va Sakkokiyning balog‘at ilmiga oid ishlab chiqqan qoidalarini tanqidiy ko‘rib chiqqan, to‘g‘rilagan, kengaytirgan, osonlashtirgan va yangi qoidalar bilan kengaytirgan hamda ularga dalillar keltirgan.
«SHOTIBIYA» ASARIGA YOZILGAN ARAB TILIDAGI SHARHLAR
Authors: RASHIDOV Ahmadkhon
Published: January 2025

Mazkur maqolada Imom Abulqosim ibn Firruh Shotibiy (538-590 h./1144-1194 m.) qalamiga mansub «Hirz al-amoniy va vajh at-tahoniy» nomli asarga bitilgan sharhlar va tarjimalar to‘g‘risida so‘z yuritiladi. Imom Shotibiyning bir necha asari bo‘lsa-da, biroq, aynan ushbu asar «Shotibiya» nomi bilan shuhrat qozongan. «Shotibiya» asari manzuma shaklida bo‘lib, baytlarining barcha bandlari «lom» harfi bilan tugatilgan edi. Shuning uchun ham u ilm ahli orasida «Lomiya» qasidasi nomi bilan mashhur bo‘lgan. Asar 78 bobdan
iborat bo‘lib, 1173 baytni o‘z ichiga oladi. Maqolaning maqsadi «Shotibiya» asariga kimlar tomonidan arab tilida qancha sharh bitilganini yoritishdir. Maqolada «Shotibiya»ning asosan arab tilidagi sharhlari to‘g‘risida so‘z yuritiladi. Maqola muallifi o‘zining oldingi tadqiqotlarida mazkur asarning 39 ta sharhi to‘g‘risida so‘z yuritgan va sharhlarning soni bundan ham ko‘pligini aniqlagan. Maqolada mazkur asarga bitilgan ilk sharh haqida ham ma’lumot berilgan va asarga hozirgi kungacha sharhlar yozilib kelayotgani qayd qilingan. «Shotibiya» Movarounnahr madrasalarida ham asrlar davomida asosiy o‘quv darsliklaridan biri bo‘lib kelgan. Shuning uchun, mazkur asarga Movarounnahrda ham bir necha sharhlar bitilgan. Maqolada ular to‘g‘risida ham alohida to‘xtab o‘tilgan.
Maqolani yoritishda arab va fors tillaridagi manbalarga va zamonaviy ilmiy adabiyotlarga murojaat qilingan.
МОВАРОУННАҲРЛИК ИЛК МУТАКАЛЛИМЛАР ФАОЛИЯТИ
Authors: Primov Soatmurod
Published: January 2025

Мовароуннаҳр уламолари фиқҳда ҳам, ақидада ҳам Имом Абу Ҳанифанинг мазҳабига эргашиб, турли оқим ва фирқа вакиллари билан баҳс-мунозара қилиш орқали мазкур мазҳабни ўлкада ривожланиши ва кенг ёйилишига ҳисса қўшганлар. Самарқанд уламоларидан бир нечтаси бевосита Имом Абу Ҳанифадан таълим олиб, унинг таълимотларини Самарқанд шаҳри ва ён-атррифида тарқатилишига эришганлар. Хусусан, бу борада Абу Муқотил Самарқандийнинг ўрни беқиёс бўлиб, у билан устози Имом Абу Ҳанифа ўртасида муайян ақидавий мавзулар борасида савол-жавоб шаклида ёзилган «Китоб ал-олим вал-мутааллим» асари ҳанафий мазҳабининг ақидавий қарашларини ифода қиладиган муҳим асарлардан бири эканини кўпчилик тадқиқотчилар эътироф қилишади. Мақолада VII-VIII асрларда кўплаб Мовароуннаҳрлик уламолар Куфа шаҳрига бориб, Имом Абу Ҳанифадан таълим олганлари, пировард натижада айнан улар Имом Абу Ҳанифанинг ақидага оид асарларини ривоят қилишда муҳим ўрин тутганлари ёритилган.
ISLOM HUQUQI TIZIMIDA INSON HUQUQLARI
Authors: MURODKHONOV Muhammadnur , YUSUPOVA Nigora
Published: January 2025

Ushbu maqolada islom huquqida yoritib berilgan inson huquqlari va undagi institutsional sohalar haqida so‘z boradi. Inson huquqini amalda ta’minlashni xalqaro institutlar va asosiy xalqaro hujjatlarsiz tasavvur etib bo‘lmaydi. Inson huquqi bo‘yicha xalqaro institutlarning huquqiy maqomida va asosiy xalqaro hujjatlarning mazmunida inson huquqini himoya qilishning talablari va mexanizmi belgilab berilgan bo‘ladi. Inson huquqi islom ta’limotida muhim oʻrin egallaydi. Qur’oni karim va hadisi shariflarda inson qadr-qimmati, haq-huquqlari masalasiga alohida keng oʻrin berilgan. Unda insonning shaxsiy, ijtimoiy huquqlari shariat qonun-qoidalari asosida
bayon qilingan. O‘rta asrlarda Movarounnahrda yashab ijod qilgan allomalarimiz Majduddin Muhammad Ustrushaniy kabi buyuk mutafakkirlarimizning hozirgi kunda G‘arb olimlaridan uch asr avval «Bola huquqlari»ga doir ilk fundamental asar sohibi ekanini ko‘rishimiz mumkin. Bu Majduddin Muhammad Usturshaniy asarlarining ilmiy qiymatini yanada oshirib, uni inson huquqlarining muhim segmentlaridan birini tashkil etiladigan yuvenal huquq, ya’ni bolalar huquqi ilmiy yo‘nalishining shakllanishi tarixi bo‘yicha benazir manbaga aylantiradi.
ABU HAFS NASAFIYNING FIQHGA OID ASARLARI
Authors: HAFIZOV Najmiddin
Published: January 2025

Maqolada o‘rta asrlarda yashagan yetuk olim Abu Hafs Umar Najmuddin Nasafiyning hayoti va ijodi aks ettirilgan. Abu Hafs Nasafiyning ilmiy ijodiga bevosita ta’sir qilgan Nasaf vohasi haqida qisqacha ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. O‘rta asrlarda Samarqand va Buxoro ilmiy muhiti haqida hamda olimning bu shaharlarda ilm egallagani, Nasafiyning islom ilmlarining fiqh sohasiga oid asarlari haqida to‘xtalib o‘tilgan. Jumladan Nasafiyning «Matla‘ an-nujum va majma‘ al-‘ulum» («Yulduzlarning chiqish joyi va ilmlar majmuasi») asariga kiritilgan fiqhiy asarlari va bu to‘plamdan joy olmagan boshqa fiqhiy kitoblari tahlil qilingan. Olim tomonidan
fiqhning «usul al-fiqh» va «furu al-fiqh» tarmoqlarida yozgan kitoblari alohida ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Ushbu asarlarning hanafiy mazhabi shakllanishidagi o‘rni, shuningdek hanafiy mazhabining Movarounnahr diyorida chuqur ildiz otishi hamda o‘lkada islom huquqshunosligining rivojlanishidagi ahamiyati bayon qilingan. Nasafiyning fiqhiy asarlari orasida «Tilba at-talaba» asarini alohida ta’kidlash lozim. Zero, bu asar fiqh sohasida yozilgan juda ko‘p kitoblarga asos bo‘lib xizmat qilgan.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Business Management
Authors: Mittal Isha
Published: January 2025

The Consolidation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into business management is reshaping traditional practices and fostering innovation across industries. Artificial Intelligence (AI), the replication of human intelligence in machines, has emerged as a crucial asset for automating intricate processes, facilitating data-driven decision-making, and improving customer engagement. Business management, which encompasses planning, organizing, and optimizing resources to achieve organizational objectives, reaps substantial advantages from AI's advanced functionalities.This chapter explores the multifaceted role of AI in business management, highlighting its contributions to process optimization, predictive analytics, and strategic decision-making. By bridging theoretical concepts and practical applications, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of how AI empowers businesses to adapt to evolving challenges and sustain competitive advantages in a rapidly changing global market.
Profilaxis tromboembólica venosa en pacientes ambulatorios con cáncer bajo tratamiento quimioterápico: utilidad del índice de Khorana en nuestra población
Authors: Gazzoni F , Molnar S
Published: January 2025

Introducción. El tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) es una complicación frecuente de los pacientes con cáncer. El modelo predictivo de Khorana estratifica el riesgo e identifica pacientes que se benefician de tromboprofilaxis. Objetivos. Evaluar utilidad del índice de Khorana para profilaxis de TEV. Correlacionar índice de Khorana con índices COMPASS CAT y ONKO TEV para identificar pacientes oncológicos con riesgo para TEV. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, analítico, enero 2020 a enero 2022. Inclusión: > 18 años, cáncer de reciente diagnóstico previo a iniciar tratamiento. Exclusión: recaída, anticoagulación previa y trombosis arterial. Se evaluaron variables incluidas en los tres índices de riesgo. Resultados. 221 pacientes. 64.3% sexo femenino. Edad media 57,3 años. Seguimiento medio 18 meses. 30.3% tumores de riesgo alto (ginecológicos, pulmón, linfoma, vejiga y testículo) y 6.8% riesgo muy alto (páncreas y estómago). 54,7% sobrepeso/obesidad. Índice Khorana 54,76% (n: 121) riesgo moderado de TEV, 37,10% (n: 82) riesgo bajo y 8,14 % (n: 18) riesgo alto. De 8,14% (n: 18) de pacientes Khorana riesgo alto sólo 16,75% (n: 3) recibieron profilaxis. 56 (25,34%) pacientes desarrollaron TEV, media de 4 meses desde el diagnóstico. Localizaciones más frecuentes: tromboembolismo pulmonar y trombosis venosa profunda. Khorana mostró alta especificidad para predecir trombosis (92,7 %) pero baja sensibilidad (10.7 %). COMPASS CAT y ONKO TEV identificaron mayor cantidad de pacientes de riesgo alto, 41 (73.25%), y 17 (30,3%) respectivamente. Discusión. El índice de Khorana mostró alta especificidad para predecir trombosis, pero baja sensibilidad en nuestra población. Los pacientes Khorana >2 no necesitan otro índice para definir profilaxis. Aunque ONKO TEV tiene mayor coincidencia con Khorana, en aquéllos de riesgo bajo o moderado COMPASS CAT podría aportar pacientes al grupo de riesgo alto.
Economic and management issues concerning archaeological sites: cost analysis, study of tourist flows and sustainability perspectives for the Archaeological Park of Pompeii
Authors: Zuchtriegel Gabriel , Petti Luigi , Nesticò Antonio , Maselli Gabriella , Calvanese Vincenzo , Onesti Anna , Spinosa Arianna
Published: January 2025

The efficient allocation of the resources available to an archaeological park is particularly important in relation to excavation, restoration and conservation activities. These are generally very extensive and complex spheres, which require significant effort and high levels of expertise to maximise the social, cultural and economic benefits for the entire neighbouring area. Within a methodological framework aimed at outlining the theoretical approaches designed to assess the sustainability (including economic sustainability) of investment projects for archaeological parks, this article begins by outlining a general model for the analysis and selection of project initiatives. The model is then applied to a real-life case of international significance, the Archaeological Park of Pompeii, whose most recent experiences have prompted this study, with the aim of deriving: parametric data on the costs of excavation, restoration and conservation; information on the temporal evolution of the site’s attractiveness to tourists; initial indications regarding the sustainability of new excavations in the ancient city and the surrounding area. The result is both cost values which are useful for experts in the field and sustainability perspectives which can help public operators in decision-making processes.
Optimierung der Signalverarbeitung für moderne pyroelektrische Materialien in Infrarotmesssystemen
Authors: Lehmkau Robin
Published: January 2025

Pyroelektrische Sensoren wandeln modulierte Infrarotstrahlung in ein elektrisches Signal, um daraus beispielsweise eine Gaskonzentration oder Strahlungsintensität zu berechnen. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit einem neuartigen pyroelektrischen Sensorelement auf Basis von Hafniumoxid (HfO2) sowie der dafür optimierten elektronischen Schaltung. Zunächst wird ein universelles Sensormodell eingeführt, um das frequenzabhängige Signal und Rauschverhalten des Sensors vorherzusagen und damit die Entwicklung und Optimierung der Einzelkomponenten zu unterstützen. Beim Design sind die technologischen Randbedingungen der Halbleitertechnik sowie die Anforderungen der übergeordneten Infrarotmesssysteme zu berücksichtigen. Die Integration weiterer Teile der Signalverarbeitung und -konditionierung im pyroelektrischen Sensor steigert die Integrationsdichte und verringert den Platzbedarf. Der dazu entwickelte und optimierte ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) mit digitaler Schnittstelle erlaubt die Verarbeitung der Messdaten mit minimalem externen Hardware-Aufwand. Sowohl das neu strukturierte HfO2-Sensorelement als auch der ASIC werden zuletzt in einem neuen Sensor zusammengeführt....
Assessment of the Distribution and Abundance of Western Hartebeest (Alcelaphus Buslaphus) in the Southern Sector of Gashaka Gumti National Park, Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: John. D. , Tyowua B. T , Uloko. J.
Published: January 2025

Objective:  To Assess the Population Distribution and Cornucopia of Western Hartebeest and Demographic Characteristics of and coitus Structure, of Western Hartebeest in the National Park

Material and Method: The exploration employed a transect- grounded check design, to estimate the population size and structure of hartebeest in the southern sector at Mayo Selbe Range( MSR), Fillinga Range  ( FR), and Gam- Gam Range (GGR) and Gumti (GR). Data were collected over a 12- weeks period( January- March 2023) during the dry season and 12- weeks period of April- July 2023) during the wet season. Direct counts were conducted doubly weekly, during morning (0600- 1100) and evening (1600- 1900) ages, when hartebeest were most active. Compliances were recorded using a standardized data distance. Four transects from each with 3.5 km long and 50m wide, were established in each range using a methodical arbitrary slice approach. Transects were marked with flags at regular intervals (every 100 m) to insure harmonious range and length.

Results: The results revealed significant spatial and temporal variations in hartebeest cornucopia across four transect areas T1- T4 specifically, T3 recorded the loftiest mean total cornucopia during the dry season (January- March), while T1 showed the smallest. In discrepancy, T1 had the loftiest cornucopia during the wet season (April- May) followed by T3. Anthropogenic factors, including coddling, cattle herdsmen, and niche declination, were linked as major motorists of these variations. The study's findings have important counteraccusations for conservation sweats aimed at guarding Western Hartebeest populations in GGNP. Data were subordinated to descriptive statistical analysis to cipher means and standard diversions of the results. These statistics were used to estimate the population size, age- coitus structure, and exertion pattern hartebeest.

Conclusion: The study's results punctuate the complex interplay between environmental and anthropogenic factors impacting Western Hartebeest distribution and cornucopia in GGNP. The findings emphasize the need for critical conservation action to address the impacts of coddling, cattle herding, and niche declination on hartebeest populations within the area. Effective conservation strategies, including enhance danti-poaching details, cooperative operation with original communities, and niche restoration enterprise, are critical for icing the long- term survival of Western Hartebeest populations in GGNP.
Desafios e Alternativas Para a Segurança Pública no Brasil Contemporâneo
Authors: Schneider Maikel , Prado André Luíz Fonseca , Rech Bruno , Luz Jeferson de Oliveira , Batista Nilson Guedes
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes the sociological issues influencing Brazil’s public security system, focusing on structural inequalities, racism, and gender discrimination. Through a qualitative bibliographic review, the research highlights how these dynamics perpetuate social exclusion and violence, disproportionately impacting vulnerable populations. Structural racism manifests through racial profiling and police lethality, primarily affecting the Black population. Gender-related issues, such as femicide, domestic violence, and the marginalization of LGBTQIA+ individuals, also reveal the system’s shortcomings in addressing the specific needs of these groups. In contrast, the study presents alternative public security policies, such as community policing, conflict mediation, and restorative justice, which offer preventive and inclusive approaches. These initiatives have proven effective in reducing violence and strengthening social relations, although they face institutional and cultural barriers to implementation in Brazil. The results suggest that Brazil’s public security system needs to be restructured from an integrative perspective that acknowledges the intersections of race, gender, and class, promoting equity and social justice. The study concludes that policies based on inclusion and prevention can transform the public security system, making it more effective and sustainable. This work contributes to academic and social debates by proposing solutions that address the structural causes of violence and suggests future research to deepen the analysis of successful experiences and adapt strategies to local specificities.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Time Token Berbantuan Puzzle Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Peserta Didik Kelas V MIS Al Anshar Kupang
Authors: Ahmad Halila , Muhsam Julhidayat , Nuriyah  , Nurlailah
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi masih rendahnya hasil belajar peserta didik kelas V MIS Al Anshar pada mata pelajaran IPA, dari hasil observasi pra siklus guru telah mengunakan model pembelajaran yang ada di sekolah tetapi nilai peserta didik belum mencapai KKM 72. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dilakukan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas  yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan dalam  meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik  pada mata pelajaran IPA, tema 3 makanan sehat, subtema 1 bagaimana tubuh mengolah makanan melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Time Token berbantuan Puzzle Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata kelas yang diperoleh peserta didik sebelum penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Time Token berbantuan Puzzle, pada tahap pratindakan berdasarkan hasil observasi hasil belajar peserta didik, masih dibawah standar KKM 72. Pada hasil tes siklus I rata-rata perolehan 42,6% Pada siklus II nilai rata-rata 83,5%. Hal ini kriterianya mencapai ketuntasan yang sangat baik yang sudah mencapai indikator keberhasilan nilai rata-rata diatas KKM 72 sebanyak > 80% dari jumlah peserta didik 20 orang. Kesimpulan, bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Time Token berbantuan Puzzle untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas V Mis Al Anshar Kupang.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Tentang Daur Hidup Hewan Melalui Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Tipe Student Team Achievement Division Di Kelas III UPTD SD Inpres Bertingkat Kelapa Lima 1 Kota Kupang
Authors: Koroh Taty R. , Lala Sofia G. Un , Manafe Denada
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa tentang Daur Hidup Hewan di Kelas III UPTD SD Inpres Bertingkat Kelapa Lima 1 Kota Kupang dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning tipe STAD. Rumusan masalahnya adalah: bagaimana model pembelajaran Cooperative tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa tentang Daur Hidup Hewan?. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 27 siswa, terdiri dari 15 laki-laki dan 12 perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran cooperative tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Pada tes prasiklus, nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 44,09  menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan awal siswa pada materi daur hidup hewan masih rendah. Pada siklus I, nilai rata-rata siswa meningkat menjadi 60,38 dengan 37% siswa mencapai KKM, sementara 63% siswa belum mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal. Hambatan pada siklus I termasuk kurangnya penguasaan guru terhadap model pembelajaran dan kurangnya kesungguhan siswa dalam mendengarkan dan mengerjakan soal.Pada siklus II, terjadi peningkatan signifikan dengan nilai rata-rata siswa mencapai 80,74, di mana semua siswa mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimum. Peningkatan ini disebabkan oleh peningkatan pemahaman siswa terhadap model pembelajaran cooperative tipe STAD, serta peningkatan kesungguhan siswa dalam mendengarkan penjelasan guru dan mengerjakan soal, serta penguasaan guru terhadap model pembelajaran tersebut
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Index Card Match Berbantuan Media Papan Pintar Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPAS Bab 5 Topik B Kelas IV SD Negeri Bertingkat Naikoten Kupang Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024
Authors: Maiata Yulianyati , Sunimbar
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar melalui model pembelajaran Index Card Mard berbantuan papan pintar pada kelas IV SD Negeri Bertingkat Naikoten. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus yang masing-masing siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi.  Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas IV yang berjumlah 28 siswa dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes hasil belajar, dan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penerapan model kooperatif Index Card Match berbantuan media papan pintar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Peningkatan hasil belajar dapat dilihat dari masing-masing siklus. Pada siklus I terdapat 18 siswa yang tidak tuntas dengan presentasi 64,28% dan terdapat 10 peserta didik yang tuntas dengan presentasi 35,71% , pada siklus ll mengalami peningkatan menjadi 25 siswa yang tuntas dengan presentasi 89,28% dan 3 siswa yang tidak tuntas dengan presentasi 10,71%. Peningkatan juga terjadi pada observasi aktivitas guru, pada siklus l memiliki presentasi 73,3% meningkat menjadi 92% pada siklus ll. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model kooperatif Index Card Match berbantuan media papan pintar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Dengan model pembelajaran index card match yang mempunyai konsep mencari pasangan melalui kartu soal dan jawaban membuat siswa bersemangat dalam mengikuti pelajaran ditambah dengan media papan pintar yang memuat informasi-informasi penting terkait materi dapat memudahkan siswa dalam memahami materi. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif index card match berbantuan media papan pintar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
Constructive Strategies for Enhancing Public Engagement in County Governance: A Focus on Nandi, Kenya, 2024.
Authors: Dr. Benjamin Kipkios Ng’etich, PhD  , Prof. Jepkemboi Choge, PhD
Published: January 2025

Abstract: This article examined the effectiveness of constructive strategies for engaging the public in county governance in Nandi County, Kenya, 2024. It highlighted that the legal and institutional framework has not ensured public participation as intended by the Kenya 2010 constitution. The study’s objectives included examining the effectiveness of constructive strategies for engaging the public in county governance in Nandi County. It utilised Adam Smith’s Rational Choice Model and employed a concurrent mixed research design, incorporating purposive sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, with secondary data from document analysis. Analysis was done using a statistical package for the social sciences for descriptive statistics, and qualitative data was processed through thematic analysis. Devolution in Kenya, implemented in 2013, shifted responsibilities to county governments to enhance transparency and public participation. It allowed citizens to elect local leaders and engage in decision-making, promoting responsive governance. The County Government Act (2012) emphasises timely access to information and the role of non-state actors in fostering citizen involvement. The findings revealed that the most common mode of collaboration was electing project leaders. However, many individuals were unaware of the importance of participation, leading to low engagement, especially in project identification and implementation. The primary source of information on development projects was barazas (public meetings). The study concluded that public participation in development projects is below desired levels as per the County Government Act and recommended that Nandi County should improve public engagement across all sectors for a more significant impact on constructive strategies.