bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПОШИРЕНІСТЬ ЗАПАЛЬНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ ОРГАНІВ МАЛОГО ТАЗА У ХВОРИХ НА ЦУКРОВИЙ ДІАБЕТ
Authors: Бадюк О. О. , Палапа В. В. , Оксюта В. М. , Габор Г. Г.
Published: February 2024

Вступ. Як свідчать результати досліджень, жінки із запальними захворюваннями органів малого таза в анамнезі мали значно вищий ризик розвитку гіпертензії та цукрового діабету 2 типу. Соціальна значущість цієї групи патологій полягає у зниженні фертильності внаслідок виникнення серйозних ускладнень, що призводить до зниження якості життя пацієнток. У цьому дослідженні опрацьовано наукові публікації за останні роки, які доступні в мережі “Інтернет”, ключовими були слова “запальні захворювання органів малого таза”, “цукровий діабет”, “кардіометаболічні захворювання”, “ендометрит”, “параметрит”, “сальпінгіт”, “оофорит”. Незважаючи на порівняно меншу тривалість цукрового діабету 2 типу порівняно із цукровим діабетом 1 типу, ці пацієнтки однаково схильні до ризику розвитку репродуктивної дисфункції, що може бути пов’язано із супутнім ожирінням, синдромом полікістозних яєчників та ендо- або екзогенною гіперінсулінемією. Науково доведено, що, крім інфекцій статевих шляхів, такі захворювання, як ожиріння, порушення ліпідного метаболізму, й анамнез абортів також пов’язані з підвищеним ризиком безпліддя при запальних захворюваннях органів малого таза. Частота цукрового діабету також більша в жінок, які перенесли ці захворювання, тоді як у жінок із цукровим діабетом теж відзначають підвищений ризик їх розвитку. Встановлено помірні, значні статистичні зв’язки між інфекцією сечовивідних шляхів і запальними захворюваннями органів малого таза, інфекцією сечовивідних шляхів та цукровим діабетом. Інфекційні чинники запальних захворювань органів малого таза можуть сприяти розвитку кардіометаболічних розладів шляхом прямого впливу на судинну систему або непрямого системного впливу реакції на інфекцію. Мета дослідження – проаналізувати частоту розповсюдження та особливості перебігу запальних захворювань органів малого таза у хворих на цукровий діабет. Висновки. Аналіз наукової літератури свідчить про обмежені дані щодо епідеміології запальних захворювань органів малого таза та їх асоціацію із цукровим діабетом.
Age and Aspirin Dosing in Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Marquis‐Gravel Guillaume , Stebbins Amanda , Wruck Lisa M. , Roe Matthew T. , Effron Mark B. , Hammill Bradley G. , Whittle Jeff , VanWormer Jeffrey J. , Robertson Holly R. , Alikhaani Jacqueline D. , Kripalani Sunil , Farrehi Peter M. , Girotra Saket , Benziger Catherine P. , Polonsky Tamar S. , Merritt J. Greg , Gupta Kamal , McCormick Thomas E. , Knowlton Kirk U. , Jain Sandeep K. , Kochar Ajar , Rothman Russell L. , Harrington Robert A. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Jones W. Schuyler
Published: February 2024

Background

In patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, increasing age is concurrently associated with higher risks of ischemic and bleeding events. The objectives are to determine the impact of aspirin dose on clinical outcomes according to age in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results

In the ADAPTABLE (Aspirin Dosing: A Patient‐Centric Trial Assessing Benefits and Long‐Term Effectiveness) trial, patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were randomized to daily aspirin doses of 81 mg or 325 mg. The primary effectiveness end point was death from any cause, hospitalization for myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for stroke. The primary safety end point was hospitalization for bleeding requiring transfusion. A total of 15 076 participants were randomized to aspirin 81 mg (n=7540) or 325 mg (n=7536) daily (median follow‐up: 26.2 months; interquartile range: 19.0–34.9 months). Median age was 67.6 years (interquartile range: 60.7–73.6 years). Among participants aged <65 years (n=5841 [38.7%]), a primary end point occurred in 226 (7.54%) in the 81 mg group, and in 191 (6.80%) in the 325 mg group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.23 [95% CI, 1.01–1.49]). Among participants aged ≥65 years (n=9235 [61.3%]), a primary end point occurred in 364 (7.12%) in the 81 mg group, and in 378 (7.96%) in the 325 mg group (adjusted HR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.82–1.10]). The age–dose interaction was not significant (
P
=0.559). There was no significant interaction between age and the randomized aspirin dose for the secondary effectiveness and the primary safety bleeding end points (
P
>0.05 for all).

Conclusions

Age does not modify the impact of aspirin dosing (81 mg or 325 mg daily) on clinical end points in secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Protein‐9 Is a Novel Vasculoprotective Cytokine That Restores High Glucose‐Suppressed Endothelial Progenitor Cell Functions by Activating the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Hu Qingsong , Qu Wan , Zhang Tao , Feng Jianyi , Dong Xiaobian , Nie Ruqiong , Chen Junyu , Wang Xiaoqing , Peng Changnong , Ke Xiao
Published: February 2024

Background

This study investigated whether gCTRP9 (globular C1q/tumor necrosis factor–related protein‐9) could restore high‐glucose (HG)‐suppressed endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) functions by activating the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).

Methods and Results

EPCs were treated with HG (25 mmol/L) and gCTRP9. Migration, adhesion, and tube formation assays were performed. Adiponectin receptor 1, adiponectin receptor 2, and N‐cadherin expression and AMP‐activated protein kinase, protein kinase B, and eNOS phosphorylation were measured by Western blotting. eNOS activity was determined using nitrite production measurement. In vivo reendothelialization and EPC homing assays were performed using Evans blue and immunofluorescence in mice. Treatment with gCTRP9 at physiological levels enhanced migration, adhesion, and tube formation of EPCs. gCTRP9 upregulated the phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase, protein kinase B, and eNOS and increased nitrite production in a concentration‐dependent manner. Exposure of EPCs to HG‐attenuated EPC functions induced cellular senescence and decreased eNOS activity and nitric oxide synthesis; the effects of HG were reversed by gCTRP9. Protein kinase B knockdown inhibited eNOS phosphorylation but did not affect gCTRP9‐induced AMP‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation. HG impaired N‐cadherin expression, but treatment with gCTRP9 restored N‐cadherin expression after HG stimulation. gCTRP9 restored HG‐impaired EPC functions through both adiponectin receptor 1 and N‐cadherin‐mediated AMP‐activated protein kinase /protein kinase B/eNOS signaling. Nude mice that received EPCs treated with gCTRP9 under HG medium showed a significant enhancement of the reendothelialization capacity compared with those with EPCs incubated under HG conditions.

Conclusions

CTRP9 promotes EPC migration, adhesion, and tube formation and restores these functions under HG conditions through eNOS‐mediated signaling mechanisms. Therefore, CTRP9 modulation could eventually be used for vascular healing after injury.
Effect of Accessory Renal Arteries on Essential Hypertension and Related Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Fengyuan , Yuan Xiaoyang , Sun Kaiwen , Zhang Ying , Zhu Lianxin , Bai Cuiping , Cheng Yunpeng , Lu Yan , Jiang Yinong , Song Wei
Published: February 2024

Background

This case‐control study aimed to determine whether there were differences between patients with essential hypertension with accessory renal arteries (ARAs) and those without ARAs.

Methods and Results

The enrolled patients with essential hypertension were divided into the ARA group (n=200) and control group without ARAs (n=238). After propensity matching, 394 patients (197 in each of the 2 groups), were included. The 24‐hour BP (4.33/2.43 mm Hg) and daytime BP (4.48/2.61 mm Hg) of patients in the ARA group were significantly higher than those of the control group (
P
<0.05). The flow‐mediated dilation was lower in the ARA group (5.98±2.70 versus 5.18±2.66;
P
<0.05). In correlation analysis, the horizontal plasma aldosterone concentration had the highest correlation with 24‐hour, daytime, and nighttime systolic BP (
r
=0.263, 0.247, and 0.243, respectively;
P
<0.05) and diastolic BP (
r
=0.325, 0.298, and 0.317, respectively;
P
<0.05). As for multivariate regression analysis, plasma aldosterone concentration was a significant risk factor for elevated 24‐hour, daytime, and nighttime systolic BP (β=0.249 [95% CI, 0.150–0.349], 0.228 [95% CI, 0.128–0.329], and 0.282 [95% CI, 0.187–0.377], respectively;
P
<0.05) and elevated diastolic BP (β=0.289 [95% CI, 0.192–0.385], 0.256 [95% CI, 0.158–0.353], and 0.335 [95% CI, 0.243–0.427], respectively;
P
<0.05). Direct renin concentration was also a risk factor for 24‐hour and daytime BPs, whereas heart rate was a risk factor correlated with 24‐hour, daytime, and nighttime diastolic BP (all
P
<0.05). For the mixed‐effects model for repeated measures, the results were similar to results of the multivariate regression analysis (all
P
<0.05).

Conclusions

ARAs could contribute a higher BP of patients with essential hypertension and might promote the development of essential hypertension. The mechanism might be related to overactivation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system.
Age‐Related Differences in Takotsubo Syndrome: Results From the Multicenter GEIST Registry
Authors: El‐Battrawy Ibrahim , Santoro Francesco , Núñez‐Gil Iván J. , Pätz Toni , Arcari Luca , Abumayyaleh Mohammad , Guerra Federico , Novo Giuseppina , Musumeci Beatrice , Cacciotti Luca , Mariano Enrica , Caldarola Pasquale , Parisi Giuseppe , Montisci Roberta , Vitale Enrica , Volpe Massimo , Corbì‐Pasqual Miguel , Martinez‐Selles Manuel , Almendro‐Delia Manuel , Sionis Alessandro , Uribarri Aitor , Thiele Holger , Brunetti Natale Daniele , Eitel Ingo , Akin Ibrahim , Stiermaier Thomas
Published: February 2024

Background

The role of age in the short‐ and long‐term prognosis of takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate age‐related differences and prognostic implications among patients with TTS.

Methods and Results

In total, 2492 consecutive patients with TTS enrolled in an international registry were stratified into 4 groups (<45, 45–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years). The median long‐term follow‐up was 480 days (interquartile range, 83–1510 days). The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality (in‐hospital and out‐of‐hospital mortality). The secondary end point was TTS‐related in‐hospital complications. Among the 2479 patients, 58 (2.3%) were aged <45 years, 625 (25.1%) were aged 45 to 64 years, 733 (29.4%) were aged 65 to 74 years, and 1063 (42.6%) were aged ≥75 years. Young patients (<45 years) had a higher prevalence of men (from youngest to oldest, 24.1% versus 12.6% versus 9.7% versus 11.4%;
P
<0.01), physical triggers (46.6% versus 27.5%, 33.9%, and 38.4%;
P
<0.01), and non‐apical forms of TTS (25.9% versus 23.7%, 12.7%, and 9%;
P
<0.01) than those aged 45 to 64, 65 to 74, and ≥75 years. During hospitalization, young patients experienced a higher rate of in‐hospital complications (32.8% versus 23.4%, 27.4%, and 31.9%;
P
=0.01), but in‐hospital mortality was higher in the older group (0%, 1.6%, 2.9%, and 5%;
P
=0.001). Long‐term all‐cause mortality was significantly higher in the older cohort (5.6%, 6.4%, 11.3%, and 22.3%; log‐rank
P
<0.001), as was long‐term cardiovascular mortality (0%, 0.9%, 1.9%, and 3.2%; log‐rank
P
=0.01).

Conclusions

Young patients with TTS have a typical phenotype characterized by a higher prevalence of male sex, non‐apical ballooning patterns, and in‐hospital complications. However, in‐hospital and long‐term mortality are significantly lower in young patients with TTS.

Registration

URL:
https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04361994
. Unique identifier: NCT04361994.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
Authors: Stein Andrew P. , Harder Jonathan , Holmes Henry R. , Merz C. Noel Bairey , Pepine Carl J. , Keeley Ellen C.
Published: February 2024

Coronary microvascular dysfunction is an underdiagnosed pathologic process that is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. There are data to suggest that coronary microvascular dysfunction, in some cases, may be genetically determined. We present an updated review of single nucleotide polymorphisms in coronary microvascular dysfunction.
Incidental Arrhythmias During Atrial Fibrillation Screening With Repeat 7‐Day Holter ECGs in a Hospital‐Based Patient Population
Authors: Goulouti Eleni , Lam Anna , Nozica Nikolas , Elchinova Elena , Dernektsi Chrisoula , Neugebauer Felix , Branca Mattia , Servatius Helge , Noti Fabian , Haeberlin Andreas , Thalmann Gregor , Kozhuharov Nikola Asenov , Madaffari Antonio , Tanner Hildegard , Reichlin Tobias , Roten Laurent
Published: February 2024

Background

Screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) may reveal incidental arrhythmias of relevance. The aim of this study was to describe incidental arrhythmias detected during screening for AF in the STAR‐FIB (Predicting SilenT AtRial FIBrillation in Patients at High Thrombembolic Risk) cohort study.

Methods and Results

In the STAR‐FIB cohort study, we screened hospitalized patients for AF with 3 repeat 7‐day Holter ECGs. We analyzed all Holter ECGs for the presence of the following incidental arrhythmias: (1) sinus node dysfunction, defined as sinus pause of ≥3 seconds’ duration; (2) second‐degree (including Wenckebach) or higher‐degree atrioventricular block (AVB); (3) sustained supraventricular tachycardia of ≥30 seconds’ duration; and (4) sustained ventricular tachycardia of ≥30 seconds’ duration. We furthermore report treatment decisions because of incidental arrhythmias. A total of 2077 Holter ECGs were performed in 794 patients (mean age, 74.7 years; 49% women), resulting in a mean cumulative duration of analyzable ECG signal of 414±136 hours/patient. We found incidental arrhythmias in 94 patients (11.8%). Among these were sinus node dysfunction in 14 patients (1.8%), AVB in 41 (5.2%), supraventricular tachycardia in 42 (5.3%), and ventricular tachycardia in 2 (0.3%). Second‐degree AVB was found in 23 patients (2.9%), 2:1 AVB in 10 (1.3%), and complete AVB in 8 (1%). Subsequently, 8 patients underwent pacemaker implantation, 1 for sinus node dysfunction (post‐AF conversion pause of 9 seconds) and 7 for advanced AVB. One patient had an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implanted for syncopal ventricular tachycardia.

Conclusions

Incidental arrhythmias were frequently detected during screening for AF in the STAR‐FIB study and resulted in device therapy in 1.1% of our cohort patients.
Volunteer Responder Interventions in Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas
Authors: Kragh Astrid Rolin , Gregers Mads Tofte , Andelius Linn , Grabmayr Anne Juul , Kollander Louise , Kjærulf Victor Elnegaard , Kjølbye Julie Samsøe , Sheikh Annam Pervez , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Folke Fredrik , Hansen Carolina Malta
Published: February 2024

Background

Patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in rural areas experience longer emergency response times and have lower survival rates compared with patients in urban areas. Volunteer responders might improve care and outcomes for patients with OHCA specifically in rural areas. Therefore, we investigated volunteer responder interventions based on the degree of urbanization.

Methods and Results

We included 1310 OHCAs from 3 different regions in Denmark where volunteer responders had arrived at the OHCA location. The location was classified as urban, suburban, or rural according to the Eurostat Degree of Urbanization Tool. A logistic regression model was used to examine associations between the degree of urbanization and volunteer responder arrival before emergency medical services, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or defibrillation. We found the odds for volunteer responder arrival before emergency medical services more than doubled in rural areas (odds ratio [OR], 2.60 [95% CI, 1.91–3.53]) and suburban areas (OR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.56–2.69]) compared with urban areas. In OHCA cases where volunteer responders arrived first, odds for bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was tripled in rural areas (OR, 3.83 [95% CI, 1.64–8.93]) and doubled in suburban areas (OR, 2.27 [95% CI, 1.17–4.41]) compared with urban areas. Bystander defibrillation was more common in suburban areas (OR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.02–2.31]), where almost 1 out of 4 patients received bystander defibrillation, compared with urban areas.

Conclusions

Volunteer responders are significantly more likely to arrive before emergency medical services in rural and suburban areas than in urban areas. Patients with OHCA received more cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rural and suburban areas and more defibrillation in suburban areas than in urban areas.
Association of Bovine Arch Anatomy With Incident Stroke After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Lo Russo Gerardo V. , Alarouri Hasan S. , Al‐Abcha Abdulah , Vogl Brennan , Mahayni Abdulah , Sularz Agata , Hatoum Hoda , Collins Jeremy , Crestanello Juan A. , Alkhouli Mohamad
Published: February 2024

Background

Acute ischemic stroke complicates 2% to 3% of transcatheter aortic valve replacements (TAVRs). This study aimed to identify the aortic anatomic correlates in patients after TAVR stroke.

Methods and Results

This is a single‐center, retrospective study of patients who underwent TAVR at the Mayo Clinic between 2012 and 2022. The aortic arch morphology was determined via a manual review of the pre‐TAVR computed tomography images. An “a priori” approach was used to select the covariates for the following: (1) the logistic regression model assessing the association between a bovine arch and periprocedural stroke (defined as stroke within 7 days after TAVR); and (2) the Cox proportional hazards regression model assessing the association between a bovine arch and long‐term stroke after TAVR. A total of 2775 patients were included (59.6% men; 97.8% White race; mean±SD age, 79.3±8.4 years), of whom 495 (17.8%) had a bovine arch morphology. Fifty‐seven patients (1.7%) experienced a periprocedural stroke. The incidence of acute stroke was significantly higher among patients with a bovine arch compared with those with a nonbovine arch (3.6% versus 1.7%;
P
=0.01). After adjustment, a bovine arch was independently associated with increased periprocedural strokes (adjusted odds ratio, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.22–3.83]). At a median follow‐up of 2.7 years, the overall incidence of post‐TAVR stroke was 6.0% and was significantly higher in patients with a bovine arch even after adjusting for potential confounders (10.5% versus 5.0%; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.51–2.93];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

A bovine arch anatomy is associated with a significantly higher risk of periprocedural and long‐term stroke after TAVR.
The Use of Pronoun Interpretation Biases in L1 Spanish: The Role of Language Proficiency, Exposure, and Use in Heritage Speakers
Authors: Contemori Carla , Mossman Sabrina , Armendariz Galaviz Alma L.
Published: February 2024

In an offline sentence comprehension task, we test the interpretation biases for null and overt pronouns and anaphoric and cataphoric pronouns in heritage speakers (HSs) whose first language (L1) is Spanish (L2 English). Previous studies have shown that Spanish HSs can interpret overt anaphoric pronouns differently than monolingual speakers. A question that remains unexplored is how HSs interpret cataphoric pronouns and how L1 experience affects pronoun resolution biases in these individuals. We recruited 48 HSs and 48 monolingual Spanish speakers. The results show that pronoun interpretation in HSs differs from monolingual biases, with HSs demonstrating a higher subject antecedent preference for anaphoric and cataphoric pronouns. The results further show that a continuous measure of language proficiency, exposure, and use may contribute to explaining pronoun interpretation biases in heritage Spanish. We discuss the findings in light of recent research demonstrating that language experience can contribute to shape discourse patterns.
A taxonomic update on Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae), a widely distributed stunt nematode species
Authors: Singh Phougeishangbam Rolish , Hajihassani Abolfazl
Published: February 2024

The stunt nematode species, Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (Cassidy, 1930) Golden, 1971, is a widely distributed plant parasite found associated with various major agricultural crops. In the current work, a population of T. annulatus detected from a sugarcane field in Everglades, Florida, USA, was morphologically and molecularly characterised. A comparative study was also done including the stunt nematode populations identified morphologically and molecularly by different research groups as T. agri, T. annulatus or T. crassicaudatus from China, Indonesia, Iran, Korea, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania and the USA, revealing highly similar morphology and overlapping morphometric data among the populations. However, these populations were found separated into two maximally supported clades in phylogenetic trees based on rRNA gene sequences (28S and ITS). One clade comprised populations from China, Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, South Korea, Tanzania and the USA, and the other clade only populations from the USA. This study also strongly supported the view that T. crassicaudatus is a junior synonym of T. annulatus.
Wolfdietrichs Wurm
Authors: Schürr Diether
Published: February 2024

The MHG epic ‘Wolfdietrich’ and the ON ‘Thidreks saga’ contain an unlucky fight against a dragon: Wolfdietrich or Thidrek af Bern helps a lion against it, but the dragon takes the lion in its mouth and the knight in its tail and drags them to its cave. This very characteristic situation was depicted in medieval church art, at least three times: 1. on floor-tiles found in the monastery of Pilis (Hungary), including the sword broken into three pieces and three dragon cubs (13th century or roughly around 1300); 2. in the cloister of St. Michael at Hildesheim (Lower Saxony), together with a second dragon (1230/50); 3. on the richly decorated ‘Schottenportal’ of St. James at Regensburg (Bavaria), left side (second half of the 13th century). The last depiction is therefore older than the different versions of the MHG epic and the compilation of the ON saga, probably attesting that the unlucky dragon fight was already a part of a pre-literary ‘Wolfdietrich’.
Addressing the Association Between Action Video Game Playing Experience and Visual Search in Naturalistic Multisensory Scenes
Authors: Hamzeloo Mohammad , Kvasova Daria , Soto-Faraco Salvador
Published: February 2024

Prior studies investigating the effects of routine action video game play have demonstrated improvements in a variety of cognitive processes, including improvements in attentional tasks. However, there is little evidence indicating that the cognitive benefits of playing action video games generalize from simplified unisensory stimuli to multisensory scenes — a fundamental characteristic of natural, everyday life environments. The present study addressed if video game experience has an impact on crossmodal congruency effects when searching through such multisensory scenes. We compared the performance of action video game players (AVGPs) and non-video game players (NVGPs) on a visual search task for objects embedded in video clips of realistic scenes. We conducted two identical online experiments with gender-balanced samples, for a total of . Overall, the data replicated previous findings reporting search benefits when visual targets were accompanied by semantically congruent auditory events, compared to neutral or incongruent ones. However, according to the results, AVGPs did not consistently outperform NVGPs in the overall search task, nor did they use multisensory cues more efficiently than NVGPs. Exploratory analyses with self-reported gender as a variable revealed a potential difference in response strategy between experienced male and female AVGPs when dealing with crossmodal cues. These findings suggest that the generalization of the advantage of AVG experience to realistic, crossmodal situations should be made with caution and considering gender-related issues.
Design and Fabrication of Flower-Shaped NiO Nanomaterials for Enhanced Gas Sensing Applications
Authors: Chenwei Zhang , Lijun Qian , Fangyuan Lin , Umar Ahmad , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Li Yanqiong
Published: February 2024

This study presents a straightforward and efficient methodology for augmenting the gas sensing capabilities of Nickel Oxide (NiO)-based sensors, achieved through the fabrication of novel flower-shaped NiO nanomaterials characterized by a distinctive nanoneedle structure. The resulting
gas sensors exhibited a remarkable enhancement in performance, showcasing heightened sensitivity, rapid response and recovery rates, and exceptional reproducibility. The superior gas sensing attributes are ascribed to the unique structural features inherent in the flower-like NiO spheres,
which contribute to an increased surface area and the optimization of oxygen vacancies (OV) and oxygen complexes (OC). Beyond addressing the imperative for heightened gas sensing in NiO-based sensors, this study offers a comprehensive analysis of the growth mechanism
underlying the formation of the distinct flower-like structure. This research not only represents a significant advancement in gas sensing technology but also contributes a novel solution for the improvement of air quality monitoring within the confined spaces of car cabins. The findings elucidate
the intricate relationship between the morphology of NiO nanomaterials and their gas sensing properties, providing insights that extend beyond conventional approaches. The synthesis and characterization of the flower-shaped NiO nanomaterials were meticulously conducted using various techniques,
including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental mapping, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These analyses yielded specific parameters crucial for understanding the gas sensing performance of the fabricated NiO
nanomaterials. The research findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of NiO-based gas sensors but also hold promise for practical applications in the context of air quality monitoring, particularly within the enclosed environments of vehicular cabins.
Observational Evidence for a Regime Shift in Summer Antarctic Sea Ice
Authors: Hobbs Will , Spence Paul , Meyer Amelie , Schroeter Serena , Fraser Alexander D. , Reid Philip , Tian Tian R. , Wang Zhaohui , Liniger Guillaume , Doddridge Edward W. , Boyd Philip W.
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the Southern Ocean has experienced extremely low sea ice cover in multiple summers. These low events were preceded by a multidecadal positive trend that culminated in record high ice coverage in 2014. This abrupt transition has led some authors to suggest that Antarctic sea ice has undergone a regime shift. In this study we analyze the satellite sea ice record and atmospheric reanalyses to assess the evidence for such a shift. We find that the standard deviation of the summer sea ice record has doubled from 0.31 million km2 in 1979–2006 to 0.76 million km2 for 2007–22. This increased variance is accompanied by a longer season-to-season sea ice memory. The atmosphere is the primary driver of Antarctic sea ice variability, but using a linear predictive model we show that sea ice changes cannot be explained by the atmosphere alone. Identifying whether a regime shift has occurred is difficult without a complete understanding of the physical mechanism of change. However, the statistical changes that we demonstrate (i.e., increased variance and autocorrelation, and a changed response to atmospheric forcing), as well as the increased spatial coherence noted by previous research, are indicators based on dynamical systems theory of an abrupt critical transition. Thus, our analysis is further evidence in support of a changed Antarctic sea ice system.

Significance Statement

In recent years, there have been several summers with extremely low Antarctic sea ice cover, including consecutive record lows in February 2022 and February 2023. Since then, the 2023 winter has seen a remarkably low sea ice growth with an anomaly far below expected climatology. This has led researchers to question whether there has been a regime shift, and we assess the observational evidence for such a shift. In the last decade or so, the variability of summer sea ice has almost doubled, accompanied by a much longer sea ice memory from season to season. These statistical changes, as well an increased spatial coherence noted by other researchers, are consistent with theoretical indicators of a critical transition, or regime shift.
Intensified Impact of Spring Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on Summer Compound Heat Waves in Western Europe after 1998
Authors: Dong Wei , Jia XiaoJing , Wu Renguang
Published: February 2024

This study revealed a significant interdecadal change in the impact of spring western Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow cover (TPSC) on subsequent summer compound heat waves (CHWs) in western Europe (WE) after 1998. This interdecadal change is attributed to a change in a western Europe high–western TP low (WEH–TPL) atmospheric circulation pattern. This pattern arises due to both the inherent variability of TPSC and the phase transition of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) after 1998. The increased magnitude and persistence of western TPSC from spring to summer after 1998 enhanced the snow–atmosphere coupling effect, intensifying ascent and decent motion over the TP and WE, respectively, and strengthening the WEH–TPL pattern. In addition, the post-1998 positive AMO phase favors continuous and stable downstream Rossby wave propagation, enhancing the WEH–TPL pattern and the TPSC–CHWs relationship. Further analyses reveal that the interdecadal changes in the TPSC and the AMO around 1998 contribute to the presence of “double jets” over the North Atlantic–central Eurasian sectors. The TPSC–related anomalous atmospheric circulation and AMO phase shift contribute to the southern and northern branches of the intensified westerly jet, respectively. These conditions create a favorable environment for the formation and persistence of summer CHWs in WE. Numerical modeling experiments with a linear baroclinic model confirm these findings. Our findings suggest that in the context of a changing climate, TPSC plays a pivotal role in the genesis of summer CHWs in WE and may serve as a valuable predictor for CHWs.

Significance Statement

This study discovered that starting from 1998 there was a significant change in how spring snow cover on the western Tibetan Plateau affects summer compound heat waves in western Europe. After 1998, the snow cover on the western Tibetan Plateau increased in size and lasted longer from spring to summer, intensifying the interaction between the snow and the atmosphere. This led to more rising and sinking air over the Tibetan Plateau and western Europe, respectively. Also, after 1998 a positive phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) was favorable for the circulation connection between western Europe and the Tibetan Plateau. Further analysis showed that these changes in snow cover and the AMO after 1998 caused “double jets” in the North Atlantic and central Eurasia that created better conditions for summer heat waves in western Europe. Numerical models are used to confirm these findings. Our research indicates that, in a changing climate, the snow cover on the western Tibetan Plateau plays a crucial role in the development of summer heat waves in western Europe and can be a useful predictor for these heat waves.
Diurnal Warm Layers in the Ocean: Energetics, Nondimensional Scaling, and Parameterization
Authors: Schmitt M. , Pham H. T. , Sarkar S. , Klingbeil K. , Umlauf L.
Published: February 2024

Diurnal warm layers (DWLs) form near the surface of the ocean on days with strong solar radiation, weak to moderate winds, and small surface-wave effects. Here, we use idealized second-moment turbulence modeling, validated with large-eddy simulations (LES), to study the properties, dynamics, and energetics of DWLs across the entire physically relevant parameter space. Both types of models include representations of Langmuir turbulence (LT). We find that LT only slightly modifies DWL thicknesses and other bulk parameters under equilibrium wave conditions, but leads to a strong reduction in surface temperature and velocity with possible implications for air–sea coupling. Comparing tropical and the less frequently studied high-latitude DWLs, we find that LT has a strong impact on the energy budget and that rotation at high latitudes strongly modifies the DWL energetics, suppressing net energy turnover and entrainment. We identify the key nondimensional parameters for DWL evolution and find that the scaling relations of Price et al. provide a reliable representation of the DWL bulk properties across a wide parameter space, including high-latitude DWLs. We present different sets of revised model coefficients that include the deepening of the DWL due to LT and other aspects of our more advanced turbulence model to describe DWL properties at midday and during the DWL temperature peak in the afternoon, which we find to occur around 1500–1630 local time for a broad range of parameters.
Interannual Lightning Variability within the TRMM LIS Dataset Using an ENSO Perspective
Authors: Clark Austin G. , Cecil Daniel J.
Published: February 2024

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) was used to investigate interannual variability of lightning from 1998 to 2014 within the 38°S–38°N range. Previous studies have indicated that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is one significant contributor to interannual lightning variability, potentially the dominant mechanism on the global scale. This period of 16 years contained four warm- (El Niño), eight cold- (La Niña), and four neutral-phase ENSO years based on the oceanic Niño index. Large magnitude lightning anomalies were found during the warm phase of ENSO, with mean warm-phase anomalies of >10 flashes (1000 km)−2 min−1 in north-central Africa and Argentina. This includes a +35 flashes (1000 km)−2 min−1 anomaly in Argentina during the 2009 El Niño. In general, large-scale anomalies of thermodynamic properties and upper-atmospheric vertical motion coincided with the lightning anomalies observed in both Africa and South America. The anomaly over north-central Africa, however, was characterized by a 6-week shift in the annual lightning maximum with the warm phase, a result of the more complex environmental response to ENSO over the Sahel. The most consistent ENSO anomalies with appreciable lightning were found in southeastern Africa, northwestern Brazil, central Mexico, and the southern Red Sea. Of these, all but the Mexico region had enhanced lightning with the cold phase and suppressed lightning with the warm phase.
Extreme Weather Events and the Energy Sector in 2021
Authors: Añel Juan A. , Pérez-Souto Celia , Bayo-Besteiro Susana , Prieto-Godino Luis , Bloomfield Hannah , Troccoli Alberto , de Laura , Torre la
Published: February 2024

In 2021, the energy sector was put at risk by extreme weather in many different ways: North America and Spain suffered heavy winter storms that led to the collapse of the electricity network; California specifically experienced heavy droughts and heat-wave conditions, causing the operations of hydropower stations to halt; floods caused substantial damage to energy infrastructure in central Europe, Australia, and China throughout the year, and unusual wind drought conditions decreased wind power production in the United Kingdom by almost 40% during summer. The total economic impacts of these extreme weather events are estimated at billions of U.S. dollars. Here we review and assess in some detail the main extreme weather events that impacted the energy sector in 2021 worldwide, discussing some of the most relevant case studies and the meteorological conditions that led to them. We provide a perspective on their impacts on electricity generation, transmission, and consumption, and summarize estimations of economic losses.
Whipple’s Vision: Theology of the Land and Nineteenth-Century Episcopal Missions to Minnesota Native Americans
Authors: Ronnevik Andrew
Published: February 2024

This article considers theologies of the land by examining the legacy of the nineteenth-century Episcopal bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple and his encounter with Minnesota’s Native American people. Using the work of Willie James Jennings as an interpretive lens, it argues that Whipple developed and implemented a theology in which land is (1) fundamentally separate from people, (2) passive physical material, (3) a resource for human productivity, and (4) an instrument for the formation of Christian and American identity. It shows how such a vision of the land has contributed to a destructive theology of displacement, conquest, wealth, and assimilation. It briefly proposes an alternative theology of the land in which land is (1) distinguishable but not separable from people, (2) differentiated and sacred, (3) a creature with value exceeding its productivity, and (4) a place for mutual formation of people and land through God’s power.
Wager upon wager: Assessing Iver B. Neumann’s contribution to International Relations
Authors: Pouliot Vincent , Sending Ole Jacob
Published: February 2024

A key player in the Scandinavian rise in the International Relations discipline, Iver B. Neumann has made significant contributions to several research programs, from Russian and European identity politics to practice theory and discourse analysis, through longue durée analyses of governmentality and diplomacy. At the theoretical level, Neumann has borrowed multiple social-theoretical resources that have allowed him to make a variety of epistemological and ontological wagers as his gaze shifted from one topic to the next. Original and wide-ranging as it is, this scholarship is also full of tensions that illustrate the value and pitfalls of a pragmatic attitude to theorizing. By revealing Neumann as an intellectual fox (in Berlin’s sense), we critically assess his scholarship, including the epistemological stretches it contains and the many difficult challenges that it struggles to meet. Overall, Neumann’s overarching method, which he consistently follows despite all its internal contradictions, seems to be what anthropologists call to “make strange”—a relentless drive to transform the conventional, habitual, and self-evident into a puzzle, and then make this puzzle relevant to, or have import for, both scholarly debates and contemporary political practice.
During the chaos of war: US adoptions and risks for unaccompanied Ukrainian refugee children
Authors: Rotabi-Casares Karen S , Fronek Patricia F , Lee Justin S
Published: February 2024

The adoption of Ukrainian children, by US citizens, is examined as the Ukrainian government ceases adoptions of children during the chaos of war. Intercountry adoption dynamics are presented with data from 2021, prior to the conflict in 2022. Then, the situation regarding child rights and the official Ukrainian government position are considered. Implications for guardianship and foster care of unaccompanied refugee minors are presented along with other critical risks to Ukrainian children living in another country. Implications for social work practice are concluded and child rights advocacy is encouraged as a macro intervention.
Traditional Chinese Exercises for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zhu Ruiting , Niu Yirou , Xu Haiyan , Wang Saikun , Mao Jing , Lei Yangyang , Xiong Xuance , Zhou Wei , Guo Lirong
Published: February 2024

Traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) have great value in the prevention and effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Our purpose in this study was to summarize present research trends and future directions regarding the link between TCEs and CVD by bibliometrics analysis. We searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) for all original articles and reviews on TCEs for CVD published in English before August 7, 2022 using CiteSpace 5.8.R3 and Microsoft Excel 2019 software, and we displayed the results in the form of network maps, line graphs, and tables. We initially obtained 725 articles. Our results showed that the United States was the most influential country in this line of research, with Harvard University the most prolific institution in the field, and, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine was the most productive journal for these articles. The highest-frequency keywords in this research area were Tai Chi, exercise, blood pressure, quality of life, and older adult. Additionally, important research topics included heart rate variability, quality of life, meta-analysis, Baduanjin exercise, and breathing exercise. In addition, our results revealed that among all the TCEs, Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Qigong emerged as the most extensively studied. However, it’s important to note our exclusive focus on literature published in English may have led to our missing important results. Future investigators should broaden their search to include other databases and languages to present a still more comprehensive overview of this field.
What Factors Contribute to Differential Perceptions Toward Evidence-Based Practices? An Examination of Officer Role Orientation, Job Satisfaction, Confidence, and Skill Proficiency
Authors: Kang Balzarini Tamara , Eno Louden Jennifer
Published: February 2024

Training probation officers on evidence-based practices (EBPs) is vital to ensuring that community supervision is maximally effective at reducing recidivism. However, after training, probation officers often have differential perceptions regarding EBPs. Thus, this study surveyed 90 adult probation officers after they participated in a training based on the Risk-Need-Responsivity model and Core Correctional Practices and examined whether their role orientation, job satisfaction, and confidence and skill proficiency using EBPs predicted their perceptions regarding the EBPs’ ease of use, usefulness, and perceived success at reducing recidivism on their caseload. Regression analyses revealed that all predictors accounted for variability in officers’ perceptions regarding the perceived success of using EBPs, explaining 41.2% of the variance, but job satisfaction (Δ R2 = .18) and officer role orientation (Δ R2 = .10) were most critical, solely explaining 28.5% of the variance. We conclude by providing recommendations for improving probation officers’ perceptions of EBPs.
Drug-related Offences in India: Observations and Insights from the Secondary Analysis of the Data from the National Crimes Record Bureau
Authors: Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Sarkar Siddharth , Rajguru Akanksha Jayant
Published: February 2024

Background:

People who use psychoactive substances that are illicit have increased chances of coming into contact with the law enforcement and criminal justice systems for different reasons. The problem statement in terms of the need for healthcare services for such people is yet to be defined and quantified in India.

Methods:

We used the data collected by the National Crimes Record Bureau for the years 1986 to 2021. We assessed the profile of offences registered under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS), 1985 over the successive years in India. We also made comparisons between the offences for possession for personal use/consumption and for trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances at the national level and at the level of states and union territories in the country.

Results:

The percentage of these arrests, charge sheets and convictions as part of total Special and Local Laws (SLL) has increased over the years, showing a positive monotonic trend. A large percentage of those arrested were males. A higher percentage of females were arrested and charge-sheeted for trafficking than for personal use or consumption. The percentage of total persons arrested, charge-sheeted and convicted for possession of drugs for personal use/consumption was greater than that of those arrested for possession of drugs for trafficking for all years from 2017 to 2021. There were significant associations between gender and the types of offense. The highest rates of offences were reported from some north-western states, north-eastern states and Kerala.

Conclusion:

The findings help us make a strong argument in favour of strengthening the health sector response for people who use psychoactive substances and are in contact with the law enforcement and criminal justice systems in the country.
The creation of collective enterprises for social impact: An agency perspective
Authors: Deschamps Bérangère , Slitine Romain
Published: February 2024

There is growing recognition of the important role that collective enterprises for social impact can play in resolving grand challenges. New forms of collective organisation are appearing on a global basis, yet we still know little about the process by which they are created. Paradoxically, the literature tends to rely on the concept of individual agency to explain the emergence of collective organisations. Based on inductive research of two French cases, our analysis unpacks the key role of collective agency in collective enterprises created for social impact. By revealing three dynamics – collective entrepreneurship, collective animatorship and collective organising – and their interrelations, this study provides conceptual clarification of the understudied notion of collective agency in entrepreneurship. The study also takes a fresh look at the creation of collective enterprises for social impact beyond the vision of a ‘heroic’ entrepreneur.
Scratching the surface of urban change: Art collectives as public entrepreneurs
Authors: Morea Valeria , Dalla Chiesa Carolina
Published: February 2024

This article examines art collectives in Venice that use their artistic and cultural projects to act as public entrepreneurs seeking to improve urban welfare and elicit social change for reasons of societal betterment. These ventures are developed against a backdrop of ongoing socio-economic challenges arising from exploitative tourism in the city. Interviews with some art collective members revealed that: (1) their local rootedness is shaped by issues of gentrification and a search for a city that benefits all; (2) their core values are translated into artistic propositions addressing local demands and institutional voids and (3) their private goals have a public-service background. Our study unveils a unique type of entrepreneur that mediates local demands but has no significant impact at the policy level, thus only scratching the surface of institutional change. This insight contributes to our understanding of artists as public entrepreneurs who, despite their use of activist language channelling public demands, are constrained by the very institutional voids they seek to close.