bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Learning Probabilistic Boolean Network Model of a Smart Grid with Applications in System Maintenance
Authors: Rivera Torres Pedro Juan , Chen Chen , Macías-Aguayo Jaime , Rodríguez González Sara , Prieto Tejedor Javier , Llanes Santiago Orestes , García Carlos Gershenson , Kanaan Izquierdo Samir
Published: December 2024

Probabilistic Boolean Networks can capture the dynamics of complex biological systems as well as other non-biological systems, such as manufacturing systems and smart grids. In this proof-of-concept manuscript, we propose a Probabilistic Boolean Network architecture with a learning process that significantly improves the prediction of the occurrence of faults and failures in smart-grid systems. This idea was tested in a Probabilistic Boolean Network model of the WSCC nine-bus system that incorporates Intelligent Power Routers on every bus. The model learned the equality and negation functions in the different experiments performed. We take advantage of the complex properties of Probabilistic Boolean Networks to use them as a positive feedback adaptive learning tool and to illustrate that these networks could have a more general use than previously thought. This multi-layered PBN architecture provides a significant improvement in terms of performance for fault detection, within a positive-feedback network structure that is more tolerant of noise than other techniques.
Enhancing Flavor Complexity in Craft Beer: Sequential Inoculation with Indigenous Non-Saccharomyces and Commercial Saccharomyces Yeasts
Authors: Mestre Furlani María Victoria , Vargas Perucca Mercedes Fabiana , Petrignani Diego Bernardo , Vergara Silvia Cristina , Leiva-Alaniz María José , Maturano Yolanda Paola , Vazquez Fabio , Dellacassa Eduardo
Published: December 2024

The pursuit of unique flavors in craft beer has led to the exploration of non-Saccharomyces (NS) yeasts. While Saccharomyces species dominate beer fermentation, NS yeasts offer flavor diversification. However, their lower fermentation efficiency and ethanol sensitivity limit their use. This study evaluated 50 NS yeast strains from Argentina’s Cuyo wine region. Torulaspora delbrueckii was selected for sequential fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to its promising fermentative and physiological characteristics. Sequential inoculation resulted in a significant increase in fruity and spicy aromas, particularly esters like isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl octanoate, as well as terpenes like limonene and linalool. Sensory analysis revealed that beers produced with T. delbrueckii were characterized by a more complex aroma profile, with significant increases in fruity, floral, and herbaceous notes. Additionally, the sequential fermentation strategy resulted in a higher apparent attenuation compared to pure T. delbrueckii fermentation, indicating improved sugar utilization. These findings highlight the potential of NS yeasts to enhance beer sensory characteristics. Combining NS yeasts with traditional Saccharomyces strains creates beers with distinctive flavors, expanding brewing possibilities. Sequential inoculation strategies offer a viable approach to harnessing the benefits of NS yeasts while ensuring fermentation. This research demonstrates the potential of NS yeasts to enrich the sensory experience of drinking craft beer, paving the way for further innovation in the brewing industry.
Enhanced Fall Detection Using YOLOv7-W6-Pose for Real-Time Elderly Monitoring
Authors: Tîrziu Eugenia , Vasilevschi Ana-Mihaela , Alexandru Adriana , Tudora Eleonora
Published: December 2024

This study aims to enhance elderly fall detection systems by using the YOLO (You Only Look Once) object detection algorithm with pose estimation, improving both accuracy and efficiency. Utilizing YOLOv7-W6-Pose’s robust real-time object detection and pose estimation capabilities, the proposed system can effectively identify falls in video feeds by using a webcam and process them in real-time on a high-performance computer equipped with a GPU to accelerate object detection and pose estimation algorithms. YOLO’s single-stage detection mechanism enables quick processing and analysis of video frames, while pose estimation refines this process by analyzing body positions and movements to accurately distinguish falls from other activities. Initial validation was conducted using several free videos sourced online, depicting various types of falls. To ensure real-time applicability, additional tests were conducted with videos recorded live using a webcam, simulating dynamic and unpredictable conditions. The experimental results demonstrate significant advancements in detection accuracy and robustness compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, the approach ensures data privacy by processing only skeletal points derived from pose estimation, with no personal data stored. This approach, integrated into the NeuroPredict platform developed by our team, advances fall detection technology, supporting better care and safety for older adults.
Structural Characterization and In Vitro and In Silico Studies on the Anti-α-Glucosidase Activity of Anacardic Acids from Anacardium occidentale
Authors: Silva Ana Priscila Monteiro da , Silva Gisele Silvestre da , Oiram Filho Francisco , Silva Maria Francilene Souza , Zocolo Guilherme Julião , Brito Edy Sousa de
Published: December 2024

The growing focus on sustainable use of natural resources has brought attention to cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a by-product rich in anacardic acids (AAs) with potential applications in diabetes treatment. In this study, three different AAs from CNSL, monoene (15:1, AAn1), diene (15:2, AAn2), and triene (15:3, AAn3), and a mixture of the three (mix) were evaluated as α-glucosidase inhibitors. The samples were characterized by combining 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, along with ESI-MS. In vitro assays revealed that AAn1 had the strongest inhibitory effect (IC50 = 1.78 ± 0.08 μg mL−1), followed by AAn2 (1.99 ± 0.76 μg mL−1), AAn3 (3.31 ± 0.03 μg mL−1), and the mixture (3.72 ± 2.11 μg mL−1). All AAs significantly outperformed acarbose (IC50 = 169.3 μg mL−1). In silico docking suggested that polar groups on the aromatic ring are key for enzyme–ligand binding. The double bond at C15, while not essential, enhanced the inhibitory effects. Toxicity predictions classified AAs as category IV, and pharmacokinetic analysis suggested moderately favorable drug-like properties. These findings highlight AAs as a promising option in the search for new hypoglycemic compounds.
The Historical and Current Role of the Nature Reserves Network in Preserving Geoheritage in France
Authors: Guinault Corentin , Coster Pauline , Avoine Jacques , Simien Frédéric
Published: December 2024

Nature reserves in France, along with national parks and biological reserves, are one of the main tools for strong environmental protection. Nature reserve status was officially introduced in France by a law in 1957 and the first nature reserve was subsequently created in 1961 in the Alps. Since 1982, nature reserves are connected nationwide within the network of the Réserves Naturelles de France (RNF). The RNF members have played a significant role in the recognition and protection of geoheritage in France which has notably resulted in the establishment of nature reserves based on geological criteria and the creation in 1986 of a specific working group: the Geological Heritage Commission. The French geological reserves encompass a diversity of geological objects, including stratotypes, major paleontological and mineralogic sites, exceptional metamorphic, volcanic or geomorphologic sites, and outcrops of historical significance. Over time, RNF, alongside its collaborative partners, has been actively engaged in the protection, management, and recognition of geoheritage inside the French network of nature reserves and beyond. Despite these efforts, broader recognition of concepts like geodiversity and geological heritage remains somewhat limited, even within environmental protection organizations.
Deep Learning Prediction of Streamflow in Portugal
Authors: Francisco Rafael , Matos José Pedro
Published: December 2024

The transformative potential of deep learning models is felt in many research fields, including hydrology and water resources. This study investigates the effectiveness of the Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT), a deep neural network architecture for predicting daily streamflow in Portugal, and benchmarks it against the popular Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) hydrological model. Additionally, it evaluates the performance of TFTs through selected forecasting examples. Information is provided about key input variables, including precipitation, temperature, and geomorphological characteristics. The study involved extensive hyperparameter tuning, with over 600 simulations conducted to fine–tune performances and ensure reliable predictions across diverse hydrological conditions. The results showed that TFTs outperformed the HBV model, successfully predicting streamflow in several catchments of distinct characteristics throughout the country. TFTs not only provide trustworthy predictions with associated probabilities of occurrence but also offer considerable advantages over classical forecasting frameworks, i.e., the ability to model complex temporal dependencies and interactions across different inputs or weight features based on their relevance to the target variable. Multiple practical applications can rely on streamflow predictions made with TFT models, such as flood risk management, water resources allocation, and support climate change adaptation measures.
Domestic Use of E-Cargo Bikes and Other E-Micromobility: Protocol for a Multi-Centre, Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Philips Ian , Azzouz Labib , de Séjournet Alice , Anable Jillian , Behrendt Frauke , Cairns Sally , Cass Noel , Darking Mary , Glachant Clara , Heinen Eva , Marks Nick , Nelson Theresa , Brand Christian
Published: December 2024

Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Climate change is now regarded as the biggest threat to global public health. Electric micromobility (e-micromobility, including e-bikes, e-cargo bikes, and e-scooters) has the potential to simultaneously increase people’s overall physical activity while decreasing greenhouse gas emissions where it substitutes for motorised transport. The ELEVATE study aims to understand the impacts of e-micromobility, including identifying the people, places, and circumstances where they will be most beneficial in terms of improving people’s health while also reducing mobility-related energy demand and carbon emissions. A complex mixed methods design collected detailed quantitative and qualitative data from multiple UK cities. First, nationally representative (n = 2000), city-wide (n = 400 for each of the three cities; total = 1200), and targeted study area surveys (n = 996) collected data on travel behaviour, levels of physical activity, vehicle ownership, and use, as well as attitudes towards e-micromobility. Then, to provide insights on an understudied type of e-micromobility, 49 households were recruited to take part in e-cargo bike one-month trials. Self-reported data from the participants were validated with objective data-using methods such as GPS trackers and smartwatches’ recordings of routes and activities. CO2 impacts of e-micromobility use were also calculated. Participant interviews provided detailed information on preferences, expectations, experiences, barriers, and enablers of e-micromobility.
The Mediating Role of Mobile Banking-Based Financial Inclusion Disclosure on the Relationship Between Foreign Investment and Bank Performance
Authors: Tawfik Omar Ikbal , Ahmed Mohammed Ali , Elmaasrawy Hamada Elsaid
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study aims to demonstrate the impact of Foreign Investment (FI) on the disclosure of digital Financial Inclusion (FIN) through mobile banking (MB) and the performance of banks, as well as the direct impact of disclosing digital FIN indicators through MB on bank performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study utilized actual data from all banks listed on the stock exchange in the Sultanate of Oman between 2015 and 2023. The hypotheses were tested using the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM). Findings: This study revealed a positive influence of FI on both bank performance and the disclosure of FIN indicators through MB. It also identified a negative effect of disclosing FIN indicators through MB on bank performance. However, the mediation of the disclosure of FIN indicators through MB did not show any impact of FI on bank performance. Practical Implications: This study’s results offer valuable insights and recommendations. Firstly, for bank managers, it is crucial to find a balance between expanding MB services and enhancing bank profitability by studying customer trends and preferences in MB usage. This approach will aid in offering banking services that retain existing customers and attract new ones, ultimately boosting bank profitability. Secondly, for policymakers and regulators, this study enhances the understanding of current practices in disclosing FIN indicators through MB, which may prompt a reevaluation of accounting standards related to traditional and digital FIN indicator disclosure. Originality/value: This study is groundbreaking in its examination of the influence of FI on the disclosure of digital FIN indicators through mobile banking. It also represents the first investigation into the indirect impact of FI on banks’ financial performance (FP) through the disclosure of digital FIN indicators via mobile banking.
Voxel-Based Navigation: A Systematic Review of Techniques, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Niu Lei , Wang Zhiyong , Lin Zhaoyu , Zhang Yueying , Yan Yingwei , He Ziqi
Published: December 2024

In recent years, navigation has attracted widespread attention across various fields, such as geomatics, robotics, photogrammetry, and transportation. Modeling the navigation environment is a key step in building successful navigation services. While traditional navigation systems have relied solely on 2D data, advancements in 3D sensing technology have made more 3D data available, enabling more realistic environmental modeling. This paper primarily focuses on voxel-based navigation and reviews the existing literature that covers various aspects of using voxel data or models to support navigation. The paper first discusses key technologies related to voxel-based navigation, including voxel-based modeling, voxel segmentation, voxel-based analysis, and voxel storage and management. It then distinguishes and discusses indoor and outdoor navigation based on the application scenarios. Additionally, various issues related to voxel-based navigation are addressed. Finally, the paper presents several potential research opportunities that may be useful for researchers or companies in developing more advanced navigation systems for pedestrians, robots, and vehicles.
Host–Pathogen Interaction 5.0
Authors: Burkovski Andreas
Published: December 2024

Microorganisms can interact with plants, animals, and humans in many different ways, e [...]
Reduced Oxidative Susceptibility of Lp(a) and LDL Fractions as a Pleiotropic Effect of Lipoprotein Apheresis in Patients with Elevated Lp(a) and ASCVDs
Authors: Krzesińska Aleksandra , Marlęga-Linert Joanna , Chyła-Danił Gabriela , Marcinkowska Marta , Rogowska Paulina , Stumska Katarzyna , Fijałkowski Marcin , Gruchała Marcin , Jankowski Maciej , Mickiewicz Agnieszka , Kuchta Agnieszka
Published: December 2024

Oxidative modifications of lipoproteins play a crucial role in the initiation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). Nowadays, the one effective strategy for the treatment of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia(a) is lipoprotein apheresis (LA), which has a pleiotropic effect on reducing the risk of ASCVDs. The significance of oxidative susceptibility of the LDL fraction in ASCVDs has been extensively studied. Whether LA alters the susceptibility of lipoprotein(a) to oxidative modifications remains an unresolved issue. In this study, we isolated lipoprotein fractions by ultracentrifugation in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia(a) undergoing apheresis (LA group) at three time points and patients who were qualified for LA but did not consent to the procedure (non-LA group). We performed copper-mediated oxidation of Lp(a) and LDL fractions and determined autotaxin activity. After apheresis, we observed a lower susceptibility to oxidation of the Lp(a) and LDL fractions as expressed by the extended value of oxidation lag time, decreased slope of the oxidation curve, and decreased final concentration of conjugated dienes. No significant differences were found between these parameters before and 7 days after LA. Additionally, both patients undergoing and not undergoing LA had a significant correlation between autotaxin activity and all parameters characterizing susceptibility to oxidation in the Lp(a) fraction. Our results demonstrate that the pleiotropic effect of apheresis may be related to the reduced oxidative susceptibility of Lp(a) and LDL particles, which may influence the reduction in ASCVD risk in patients undergoing apheresis. The results of the rebound effect 7 days after LA will contribute to a better definition of apheresis frequency guidelines.
Exploring Potential Impact of Graphene Oxide and Graphene Oxide-Polyethylenimine on Biological Behavior of Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Di Credico Andrea , Gaggi Giulia , Bibbò Sandra , Pilato Serena , Moffa Samanta , Di Giacomo Stefano , Siani Gabriella , Fontana Antonella , Konstantinidou Fani , Donato Marisa , Stuppia Liborio , Gatta Valentina , Di Baldassarre Angela , Ghinassi Barbara
Published: December 2024

Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering aim to restore or replace impaired organs and tissues using cell transplantation supported by scaffolds. Recently scientists are focusing on developing new biomaterials that optimize cellular attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Nanoparticles, such as graphene oxide (GO), have emerged as versatile materials due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and unique chemical properties, such as electrical conductivity and flexibility. However, GO faces challenges such as cytotoxicity at high concentrations, a negative surface charge, and potential inflammatory responses; for these reasons, variations in synthesis have been studied. A GO derivative, Graphene Oxide-Polyethylenimine (GO-PEI), shows controlled porosity and structural definition, potentially offering better support for cell growth. Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) are a promising candidate for regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into mesodermic and ectodermic lineages, their non-immunogenic nature, and ease of isolation. This study investigates the effects of GO and GO-PEI on hAFSCs, focusing on the effects on adhesion, proliferation, and metabolic features. Results indicate that GO-PEI restores cell proliferation and mitochondrial activity to control levels, with respect to GO that appeared less biocompatible. Both materials also influence the miRNA cargo of hAFSC-derived microvesicles, potentially influencing also cell-to-cell communication.
Plasticity in Gene Expression Patterns and CYPSF Gene Possibly Involved in the Etofenprox-Resistant Population of White-Backed Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera
Authors: Khan Murtaza , Han Changhee , Choi Minyoung , Hong Hoki , Choi Nakjung , Kim Juil
Published: December 2024

The white-backed planthopper (WBPH) poses a significant threat to rice crops globally. A bioassay was conducted on three WBPH populations collected from Korean rice fields to assess the effectiveness of five insecticides, including etofenprox and fenobucarb. The results showed a mortality rate of over 97% at the recommended concentration for carbamate and organophosphate insecticides. However, etofenprox exhibited a mortality rate of less than 40% in all tested populations with the Jindo population showing the highest resistance. No mutations were identified in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel, the target site of etofenprox, suggesting an alternative resistance mechanism. To explore this, RNA-seq analysis was performed on the Jindo population to identify genes potentially associated with etofenprox resistance. Gene expression was assessed after treatment with two sublethal doses of etofenprox using the Jindo population. The analysis revealed that the CYPSF gene, part of the CYP6 family, was consistently overexpressed in both treated and untreated samples. This observation aligns with the bioassay results, where mortality increased significantly after treatment with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor PBO, indicating that CYPSF may play a key role in etofenprox resistance. Additionally, distinct gene expression patterns at different etofenprox concentrations suggest that metabolic resistance mechanisms may be involved.
The In Vitro Enhancement of Retinal Cell Viability via m6A and m5C RNA Methylation-Mediated Changes in the Levels of Heme Oxygenase (HO-1) and DNA Damage Repair Molecules Using a 50 Hz Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Field (EMF)
Authors: Betlej Gabriela , Bator Ewelina , Koziorowska Anna , Koziorowski Marek , Rzeszutek Iwona
Published: December 2024

Degenerative retinal diseases can lead to blindness if left untreated. At present, there are no curative therapies for retinal diseases. Therefore, effective treatment strategies for slowing the progression of retinal diseases and thus improving patients’ life standards are urgently needed. The present study aimed to assess the effect of sinusoidal electromagnetic field (EMF) (50 Hz, 1.3 mT) treatment for 15 and 30 min on spontaneously arising retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5) and its short-term post-treatment significance. Our study indicated the beneficial impact of EMF treatment on the proliferative and migratory capacity of the tested cells. ARPE-19 and RGC-5 cells exposed to an EMF exhibited elevated levels of HO-1, increased N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N5-methylcytosine (m5C) status mediated by METTL3 and NSUN2, respectively, and changes in levels of DNA damage repair factors, which may contribute to the regenerative properties of ARPE-19 and RGC-5 cells. Overall, this analysis showed that EMF (sinusoidal, 50 Hz, 1.3 mT) treatment may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for retinal diseases.
Divergent Contribution of Cytoplasmic Actins to Nuclear Structure of Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Shagieva Galina , Dugina Vera , Burakov Anton , Levuschkina Yulia , Kudlay Dmitry , Boichuk Sergei , Khromova Natalia , Vasileva Maria , Kopnin Pavel
Published: December 2024

A growing body of evidence suggests that actin plays a role in nuclear architecture, genome organisation, and regulation. Our study of human lung adenocarcinoma cells demonstrates that the equilibrium between actin isoforms affects the composition of the nuclear lamina, which in turn influences nuclear stiffness and cellular behaviour. The downregulation of β-actin resulted in an increase in nuclear area, accompanied by a decrease in A-type lamins and an enhancement in lamin B2. In contrast, the suppression of γ-actin led to upregulation of the lamin A/B ratio through an increase in A-type lamins. Histone H3 post-translational modifications display distinct patterns in response to decreased actin isoform expression. The level of dimethylated H3K9me2 declined while acetylated H3K9ac increased in β-actin-depleted A549 cells. In contrast, the inhibition of γ-actin expression resulted in a reduction in H3K9ac. Based on our observations, we propose that β-actin plays a role in chromatin compaction and deactivation, and is involved in the elevation of nuclear stiffness through the control of the lamins ratio. The non-muscle γ-actin is presumably responsible for chromatin decondensation and activation. The identification of novel functions for actin isoforms offers insights into the mechanisms through which they influence cell fate during development and cancer progression.
Comparative Analysis of Active LTR Retrotransposons in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): From Extrachromosomal Circular DNA Detection to Protein Structure Prediction
Authors: Kazancev Mikhail , Merkulov Pavel , Tiurin Kirill , Demurin Yakov , Soloviev Alexander , Kirov Ilya
Published: December 2024

Plant genomes possess numerous transposable element (TE) insertions that have occurred during evolution. Most TEs are silenced or diverged; therefore, they lose their ability to encode proteins and are transposed in the genome. Knowledge of active plant TEs and TE-encoded proteins essential for transposition and evasion of plant cell transposon silencing mechanisms remains limited. This study investigated active long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (RTEs) in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus), revealing heterogeneous and phylogenetically distinct RTEs triggered by epigenetic changes and heat stress. Many of these RTEs belong to three distinct groups within the Tekay clade, showing significant variations in chromosomal insertion distribution. Through protein analysis of these active RTEs, it was found that Athila RTEs and Tekay group 2 elements possess additional open reading frames (aORFs). The aORF-encoded proteins feature a transposase domain, a transmembrane domain, and nuclear localization signals. The aORF proteins of the Tekay subgroup exhibited remarkable conservation among over 500 Tekay members, suggesting their functional importance in RTE mobility. The predicted 3D structure of the sunflower Tekay aORF protein showed significant homology with Tekay proteins in rice, maize, and sorghum. Additionally, the structural features of aORF proteins resemble those of plant DRBM-containing proteins, suggesting their potential role in RNA-silencing modulation. These findings offer insights into the diversity and activity of sunflower RTEs, emphasizing the conservation and structural characteristics of aORF-encoded proteins.
Maintaining the Cartilage Phenotype of Late-Passage Chondrocytes Using Salidroside, TGF-β, and Sulfated Alginate for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Diab Rita G. , Deeb George , Roda Rena , Karam Mia , Faraj Marwa , Harajli Mohamad , Damiati Laila A. , Mhanna Rami
Published: December 2024

The limited self-repair capacity of cartilage due to its avascular and aneural nature leads to minimal regenerative ability. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) is a popular treatment for cartilage defects but faces challenges due to chondrocyte dedifferentiation in later passages, which results in undesirable fibroblastic phenotypes. A promising treatment for cartilage injuries and diseases involves tissue engineering using cells (e.g., chondrocytes), scaffolds (e.g., Alginate Sulfate (AlgSulf)), and biochemical signals (e.g., Salidroside and TGF-β). This study focuses on investigating the effects of AlgSulf scaffolds with varying degrees of sulfation, Salidroside, and TGF-β on the proliferation, viability, and phenotype maintenance of chondrocytes. The findings demonstrate that AlgSulf films with a degree of sulfation (DS) = 2, treated with a combination of Salidroside and TGF-β, significantly enhanced chondrocyte proliferation (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001 in P2 and P4, respectively), preserved round cell morphology, and maintained cartilage-specific gene expression (Col2, Aggrecans, and SOX9) while downregulating fibroblastic markers (Col1, MMP13, IL-1β, and IL-6). Our findings suggest the potential of this combination for enhancing cartilage regeneration in tissue engineering applications.
Similarly to BmToll9-1, BmToll9-2 Is a Positive Regulator of the Humoral Immune Response in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Liu Jisheng , Chen Weijian , Chen Sihua , Li Shuqiang , Swevers Luc
Published: December 2024

Toll receptors play important roles in the development and innate immunity of insects. Previously, we reported the immunological function of BmToll9-2 in silkworm, Bombyx mori, larvae. In this study, we focused on the role of BmToll9-2 as a regulator in the Toll signaling pathway. The expressions of most signaling genes in the Toll pathway, as well as immune effectors, were reduced after the RNAi of BmToll9-2. Coincidentally, hemolymph from BmToll9-2-silenced larvae exhibited decreased antibacterial activity in the growth of Escherichia coli, demonstrated either by growth curve or inhibitory zone experiments. The oral administration of heat-inactivated E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus following the RNAi of BmToll9-2 up-regulated the expression of most signaling genes in the Toll pathway and downstream immune effectors. The above results indicate that BmToll9-2 is positively involved in the Toll signaling pathway. As a positive regulator, BmToll9-2 is shown to be activated preferentially against E. coli and, in turn, positively modulates the humoral immune response in antibacterial activity.
Method Evaluation of the QuidelOrtho Diagnostics Vitros NT-proBNP II Assay
Authors: Xiao Yi , Sun Chao , Tsan Justin , Leung Edward Ki Yun
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) is a biomarker released into the blood in response to heart failure, reflecting the extent of cardiac stress and damage. QuidelOrtho Diagnostics released its latest reformulation of its NT-proBNP assay, the Vitros NT-proBNP II assay. This study aims to evaluate the analytical performance of the Vitros NT-proBNP II assay. Methods: Repeatability, reproducibility, carryover, analytical measurement range, and clinical reportable range (AMR and CRR) were assessed using commercially available materials and dilution of patient specimens. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing results from the Vitros NT-proBNP II and the Vitros NT-proBNP assays. Paired heparin and EDTA plasma specimen results were compared, and instrument-to-instrument comparison was performed using two different Vitros 5600 Integrated Systems. NT-proBNP stability was evaluated at room temperature, 2–8 °C, and −18 °C for up to five days. Results: Repeatability and reproducibility were ≤10% CV, and no carryover was observed. The AMR was 20–30,000 pg/mL and dilution up to 80 times was verified. Passing–Bablok analysis showed a significant proportional bias with a slope of 1.37. Instrument-to-instrument and heparin-to-EDTA plasma comparisons showed no significant biases. NT-proBNP is stable up to five days at room temperature, 4 °C, and −20 °C. Conclusions: Our evaluation demonstrated acceptable analytical performances of the Vitros NT-proBNP II assay except for the positive proportional bias compared with the Vitros NT-proBNP assay.
Exploring the Link Between Interoception and Symptom Severity in Premature Ventricular Contractions
Authors: Limonova Alena S. , Minenko Irina A. , Sukmanova Anastasia A. , Kutsenko Vladimir A. , Kulikova Sofya P. , Nazarova Maria A. , Davtyan Karapet V. , Drapkina Oxana M. , Ershova Alexandra I.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The physiological basis underlying symptomatic versus asymptomatic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) remains poorly understood. However, symptomatic PVCs can significantly impair quality of life. In patients without structural heart disease, symptom intensity is crucial for guiding management strategies and determining the need for medical or surgical intervention. In this study, we aimed, for the first time, to examine the associations between PVC symptoms and cardiac interoception. Methods: This study included 34 participants with PVCs (20 women; median age = 42 years; 17 participants had asymptomatic PVCs) without concomitant disorders. Interoception was assessed through interoceptive accuracy (IA) probed by two behavioral tests—mental tracking (MT) and heartbeat detection (HBD)—and the neurophysiological marker of cardiac interoception, the heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs). Symptom intensity scores reported by patients served as the response variable in the regression analysis, with IA and HEP as predictors. Other factors such as sex, age, percent of body fat, trait anxiety, and alexithymia were added to the models as confounding variables. Results: IAMT was significantly higher in patients with symptomatic PVCs. IAMT and HEP modulation for the HBD task were associated with symptom intensity. A combined regression model incorporating both metrics showed the highest predictive accuracy for symptom severity. Adding confounding variables improved model quality (lower AIC); however, only the male sex emerged as a significant negative predictor for symptom intensity. Conclusions: Our findings confirm a significant association between interoception and PVC symptom severity. Integrating behavioral and neurophysiological interoception measures enhances symptom prediction accuracy, suggesting new ways to develop diagnostic and non-invasive treatment strategies targeting interoception in PVC management.
Role of Antiplatelets and Anticoagulation Therapies in Pregnancy
Authors: Zachariah Krista A. , Yuan Su , DeSancho Maria T. , Landres Inna V. , Singh Harsimran S.
Published: December 2024

Thrombosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state, and thrombotic complications in pregnancy are a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines support the selective use of aspirin, heparin, and warfarin in pregnant women. The decision to treat with antiplatelets and anticoagulants during pregnancy can be challenging, as these agents have numerous indications and contraindications, potential teratogenicity, and dosing considerations. Their use requires thoughtful discussion between patient and provider that balances therapeutic benefit versus maternal and fetal risks, while accounting for a safe delivery plan. Our aim is to provide a narrative review of the established and emerging indications of antiplatelets and anticoagulants, discuss their appropriate timing of administration, and consider their associated adverse fetal and maternal risks.
Condylar Parameters and Mandibular Movement Patterns in Bruxers Using an Optical Jaw Tracking System
Authors: Tăut Manuela , Chanteux Solene , Kui Andreea , Buduru Rareș , Negucioiu Marius , Manziuc Manuela , Gheorghiu Ioana , Hedeșiu Mihaela , Buduru Smaranda , Ilea Aranka
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Eccentric bruxism is a complex parafunctional activity that involves grinding of teeth and occurs more frequently during sleep. This study aimed to assess differences in condylar parameters (sagittal condylar inclination -SCI and Bennett angle -BA) and mandibular and condylar kinematics during functional and parafunctional movements in bruxers and non-bruxers and to assess a digital method for quantifying eccentric bruxism using an optical jaw tracking system (Modjaw®). Methods: The study group included subjects diagnosed with eccentric bruxism according to validated clinical diagnostic criteria. A control group of non-bruxer subjects with demographic characteristics similar to the study group was considered. Each participant underwent Modjaw® examination twice to assess the recordings’ repeatability. The anterior guidance, mastication, and simulated eccentric bruxism were recorded. The SCI and BA were computed. The trajectories of interincisal inferior point (IIP), left condyle (LC), and right condyle (RC) in the frontal (F), sagittal (S), and horizontal (H) planes were outlined in rectangles to calculate areas of mastication and areas of eccentric bruxism (mm2). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the recordings’ repeatability. Comparisons between groups were performed using Student’s t- and Mann–Whitney tests. The receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic quality of the digital method. Results: Twenty bruxers (10 F and 10 M) and 20 non-bruxers (10 F and 10 M) were included. The ICC had values higher than 0.85. SCI, BA, and area of mastication for IIP, LC, and RC were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). The area of eccentric bruxism was significantly wider in the bruxers (p < 0.001). According to the ROC curve, the following cut-off areas (mm2) for eccentric bruxism were found in F, S, and H planes: IIP (18.05, 13.43, 16.28); LC (3.74, 10.83, 3.35); and RC (4.21, 10.63, 2.9), corresponding to sensitivity > 0.8, specificity > 0.75 and area under the curve (AUC) > 0.85. Conclusions: Mandibular and condylar kinematics during functional movements were similar in bruxers and non-bruxers. A novel digital method for quantifying eccentric bruxism was found using Modjaw®, which could serve as a tool for early detection of eccentric bruxism before the onset of clinical consequences.
Pharmacological Strategies to Decrease Long-Term Prescription Opioid Use: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ellerbroek Hannah , Kalkman Gerard A. , Kramers Cornelis , Schellekens Arnt F. A. , van den Bemt Bart J. F.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: As long-term prescription opioid use is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, timely dose reduction of prescription opioids should be considered. However, most research has been conducted on patients using heroin. Given the differences between prescription and illicit opioid use, the aim of this review was to provide an overview of pharmacological strategies to reduce prescription opioid use or improve clinical outcomes for people who experience long-term prescription opioid use, including those with opioid use disorder. Methods: We conducted a systematic database search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Outcomes included dose reduction, treatment dropout, pain, addiction, and outcomes relating to quality of life (depression, functioning, quality of life). Results: We identified thirteen studies (eight randomized controlled trials and five observational studies). Pharmacological strategies were categorized into two categories: (1) deprescribing (tapering) opioids or (2) opioid agonist treatment (OAT) with long-acting opioids. Tapering strategies decreased opioid dosage and had mixed effects on pain and addiction. OAT with buprenorphine or methadone led to improvements in pain relief and quality of life, with a slight (non-significant) preference for methadone in terms of treatment retention (RR = 1.10 [CI: 0.89–1.37]) but not for other outcomes. Most studies had high dropout rates and a serious risk of bias. Conclusions: Tapering reduced prescription opioid doses had mixed effects on pain. OAT improved clinical outcomes without dose reduction. Based on our review findings, there is no clear preference for either tapering or OAT. Tapering may be considered first as it reduces dependency, tolerance, and side effects, but is associated with adverse events and not always feasible. OAT can be a suitable alternative. Non-pharmacological interventions may facilitate tapering. Further research is needed to identify novel pharmacological strategies to facilitate opioid tapering. Registration: PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022323468.
The Effect of Hepatic Surgical Margins of Colorectal Liver Metastases on Prognosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Paramythiotis Daniel , Karlafti Eleni , Tsavdaris Dimitrios , Apostolidou Kiouti Fani , Haidich Anna-Bettina , Ioannidis Aristeidis , Panidis Stavros , Michalopoulos Antonios
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy, with around half of patients developing liver metastases. Hepatectomy is the preferred treatment, but its success depends on several factors, including surgical margins. Various surgical margins have been suggested to achieve optimal results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to explore the impact of negative surgical margins ranging from 1 to 10 mm, and >10 mm on survival, with the objective of identifying optimal surgical margins. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. The six included studies that examined the effect of surgical margins at the aforementioned distances on patient survival. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The results of the meta-analysis revealed the superiority of wider surgical margins (>10) on overall survival compared to smaller margins (1–10 mm), as the HR was calculated to be 1.38 [1.10; 1.73]. Specifically, negative margins between 1 and 10 mm are linked to a 38% increased risk of mortality compared to margins larger than 10 mm. The low heterogeneity indicates consistent findings across studies, and the statistically significant hazard ratio underscores the importance of aiming for larger surgical margins to enhance patient outcomes. In the subgroup that included only studies in which patients received neoadjuvant therapy, the HR was 1.48 [1.06; 2.07], further emphasizing the importance of ensuring negative surgical margins in today’s era. Conclusions: In summary, this systematic review and meta-analysis highlights the impact of surgical margin width on the survival of patients with colorectal liver metastases, as well as the importance of margin optimization in surgical management strategies.
3D Bioprinting in Limb Salvage Surgery
Authors: Timofticiuc Iosif-Aliodor , Dragosloveanu Serban , Caruntu Ana , Scheau Andreea-Elena , Badarau Ioana Anca , Garofil Nicolae Dragos , Didilescu Andreea Cristiana , Caruntu Constantin , Scheau Cristian
Published: December 2024

With the development of 3D bioprinting and the creation of innovative biocompatible materials, several new approaches have brought advantages to patients and surgical teams. Increasingly more bone defects are now treated using 3D-bioprinted prostheses and implementing new solutions relies on the ability of engineers and medical teams to identify methods of anchoring 3D-printed prostheses and to reveal the potential influence of bioactive materials on surrounding tissues. In this paper, we described why limb salvage surgery based on 3D bioprinting is a reliable and effective alternative to amputations, and why this approach is considered the new standard in modern medicine. The preliminary results of 3D bioprinting in one of the most challenging fields in surgery are promising for the future of machine-based medicine, but also for the possibility of replacing various parts from the human body with bioactive-based constructs. In addition, besides the materials and constructs that are already tested and applied in the human body, we also reviewed bioactive materials undergoing in vitro or in vivo testing with great potential for human applications in the near future. Also, we explored the recent advancements in clinically available 3D-bioprinted constructs and their relevance in this field.
Comparative Analysis of 2-Point Jump Shot and Free Throw Kinematics in High- and Low-Level U18 Male Basketball Players
Authors: Botsi Varvara , Bourdas Dimitrios , Travlos Antonios , Bakirtzoglou Panteleimon , Gofas Dimitrios , Ktistakis Ioannis , Zacharakis Emmanouil
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study examined the influence of competition level and player position on shooting accuracy and kinematic parameters in U18 male basketball players, focusing on two-point jump shots and free throws. Methods: Thirty-eight higher-level (HL-group) and forty-one lower-level (LL-group) participants, categorized into guard, forward, and center subgroups, completed a two-point basketball shooting test, followed by a free-throw shooting test after a 30 min interval. These tests were administered using a crossover, counterbalanced approach with the Latin square method to ensure effective randomization. Results: The results indicated that the HL group displayed significantly faster (12.5%) shot release times (RTs) and closer-to-optimal 45° (8.1%) ball entry angles (EAs) into the hoop for free throws, as well as superior (24.2%) shot success rates (SSRs) for two-point jump shots compared with the LL group. Across all groups and subgroups, a higher EA was achieved in two-point shots than in free throws, though free throws showed higher SSR. This study found no positional differences in shooting mechanics or performance, suggesting that modern training practices may foster consistency across player roles. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the potential for targeted drills to improve RTs, EAs, and SSRs, especially in LL players. Coaches can apply these insights to enhance shooting mechanics and consistency, thereby elevating performance in young basketball athletes. Future research should investigate the impact of fatigue and defensive pressure on shooting parameters across varied competitive contexts.
Innovative Bioceramic Based on Hydroxyapatite with Titanium Nanoparticles as Reinforcement for Possible Medical Applications
Authors: Porras-Herrera Dafne Rubi , Herrera-Hernández Héctor , Miranda-Hernández José Guadalupe , Castillo-Robles José Adalberto , Armendariz-Mireles Eddie Nahúm , Calles-Arriaga Carlos Adrián , Rocha-Rangel Enrique
Published: December 2024

Biomaterials have assumed a decisive role in modern medicine by enabling significant advancements in medical care practices. These materials are designed to interact with biological systems, offering substantial solutions for various medical needs. In this research, bioceramic materials consisting of a bioactive hydroxyapatite-based matrix with Ti nanoparticles were processed as promising materials. These bioceramics were obtained using mechanical milling, uniaxial pressing, and sintering as powder processing techniques. This study evaluates the effect of Ti additions on the structural, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite ceramic material. Titanium additions were about 1, 2 and 3 wt%. The experimental results demonstrate that the biocomposite’s structure has two hexagonal phases: one corresponding to the hydroxyapatite matrix and the other to the Ti as a reinforced phase. The biomaterials’ microstructure is completely fine and homogeneous. The biomaterial reinforced with 1 wt. % Ti exhibits the best mechanical behavior. In this context, electrochemical tests reveal that bioceramics can achieve stability through an ion adsorption mechanism when exposed to a physiological electrolyte. Bioceramics, particularly those containing 1%Ti, develop their bioactivity through the formation of a high-density hydroxide film during a porous sealing process at potentials around −782.71 mV, with an ionic charge transfer of 0.43 × 10−9 A/cm2. Finally, this biofilm behaves as a capacitor Cc = 0.18 nF/cm2, resulting in lower ionic charge transfer resistance (Rct = 1.526 × 106 Ω-cm2) at the interface. This mechanism promotes the material’s biocompatibility for bone integration as an implant material.