bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The security of SARG04 protocol in plug and play QKD system with an untrusted source
Authors: Xu Bingjie , Peng Xiang , Guo Hong
Published: March 2021

The SARG04 protocol is one of the most frequently used protocol in commercial plug-and-play quantum key distribution (QKD) system, where an eavesdropper can completely control or change the photon number statistics of the QKD source. To ensure the security of SARG04 protocol in plug-and-play QKD system with an unknown and untrusted source, the bounds of a few statistical parameters of the source need to be monitored. An active or a passive source monitor schemes are proposed to verify these parameters. Furthermore, the practical issues due to statistical fluctuation and detection noise in the source monitoring process are quantitatively analyzed. Our simulation results show that the passive scheme can be efficiently applied to plug-and-play system with SARG04 protocol.
The Role of Spices with reference Novel Coronavirus Covid 19
Authors: Roshna Sukheoji Bhutada  , Kritika Umate
Published: March 2021

The need of the day is a brisk lift to the resistant framework to keep it fit, battling today pandemic infections, for example, Covid — 19. One should get the right amount of nutrients from the diet, supplementation regimen to boost the immune system. These spices are always there to make tasty food as well as to protect the body from infectious diseases by building the immunity strong Ayurveda approaches to develop physiological reactions to facilitate immunity. Planning of diet is most important to boost immunity. As per many types of research to provide supplementary food which contains Zinc, Vitamin C, Vitamin D and immunity boosting food such as dealing with plenty of spices for a very long time. These spices include some rare to very common spices which we can found near us. The concern is that these viral infections are very prone to attack weak immunity and take the chance to affect the country to the globe. So the very common spices available will be always helpful to get through this Regular use of a few spices in the very simple form proves its importance as a medicine. In this article a review of spices is done which we are available near us, we are using it in our daily life and we are getting the benefit of these which a common people might not be fully aware of about role of immunity building of the body.
Tinospora Cordifolia-An immunomodulatory drug in Ayurveda for prevention and treatment of Covid-19
Authors: Mujahid B Khan  , Bharat Rathi
Published: March 2021

‘COVID-19’ is a highly infectious disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 and it becomes a global pandemic in a very short period. Currently, there is a lack of precise management or vaccine available to counteract this disease which mainly attacks the immune system of a body. To manage COVID-19 existing disease-modifying and anti-virals agents and are being repurposed. Many research types are conducted in the development of particular immunomodulators, anti-virals agent or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. In Ayurveda concept of epidemic condition (Janapadodhwanasa) is explained and various measures mentioned for prevention and treatment against such conditions including Rasayan dravyas (immunomodulator drugs). Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers is one of an immune-modulator drug in Ayurveda which known to possess properties like antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti- antiallergic, antiviral hyperglycaemic etc. This herb chiefly contains compounds like glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, diterpenoid lactones, sesquiterpenoid, aliphatic compound. Scientific researches on this drug may provide a new approach as well as insight for prevention, management and development of new therapeutic entity to treat COVID-19. The current review focus on researches conducted on properties of Tinospora cordifolia in the view of possible application in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Concept Of Dhupana – A Preventative Approach In Ayurveda For Air Borne Infection
Authors: Kamini Rotke  , Punam Gaurav Sawarkar
Published: March 2021

Airborne infections are such type of infections which are caused by pathogens that can be transmitted by air over time and distance by small particles. These pathogens may be viruses, bacteria or fungi that can spread through sneezing, breathing, talking etc. In our surroundings, there are millions and tons of such pathogens that are responsible for spreading such airborne infections. In Ayurveda, this airborne infections are correlated with Aupsargikarogaswhich spreads very easily in society. In current days the world is facing suchAupsargik Rogawhich is known as COVID 19 and which is a Pandemic disease. This Aupsargikarogas  can sometimes prove fatal if they are not treated at a proper time or if proper prevention against this rogas is not taken. The organisms which are responsible for these airborne infections are opportunistic, as they attack such individuals who are with low immunity. So that these organisms can grow easily inside the individual's body without any type of disturbances can finally cause fatal disease. The whole world is suffering from this pandemic and there is a need to prevent the world from this pandemic disease. The most classical, authentic and best way to prevent from transmission according to Ayurveda isDhupan karma which is correlated with fumigation or sterilization. For this Karma, there are many such Dhupan dravyas  which are explained by Acharyasin Samhitas.
Pharmacognostical Standardisation of Ailanthus Excelsa Leaves and Randia Dumetorum Fruit Along with Antioxidant Activity and Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of Its Fractions
Authors: Vivek V Paithankar  , Shailesh M Kewatkar  , Trupti A Nimburkar  , Supriya S Deshpande
Published: March 2021

The world is observing an unprecedented development in the usage of herbal product at national as well as international levels. This requires the improvement of current and aimed standards for estimating the quality, safety and efficacy of these drugs. The leaves of Ailanthus excelsa and the fruits of Randia Dumetorum are medicinal plants that are used for many diseases around the world. We then collected the flavonoids and saponin fraction extracted from the leaves of Ailanthus excelsa and the fruits of Randia dumetorum. To determine the reliability, quality and purity of these particles, we provide a crucial pharmacological profile along with the antioxidant activity. Pharmacological studies, such as morphological, physicochemical, TLC, and phytochemical analysis of all fractions containing total phenol and flavonoids, were performed according to specific methods. DPPH tests estimated the antioxidant action of all fractions, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, and reducing power assay method. Previous phytochemical studies discovered the occurrence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and especially phenolic chemicals. All fractions have antioxidant effects, depending on the existence of a phenolic compound. The above parameters are vital to establishing pharmacological rules for the authentication of Ailanthus excelsa leaves and Randia Dumetorum fruits.
Studi Kebencian: Analisis Komparasi Pemikiran Bediüzzaman Said Nursi (1877-1960) dan K. H. Ahmad Dahlan (1868-1923)
Authors: Idharoel Haq Andri Moewashi , Ziaulhaq Mochamad
Published: March 2021

This qualitative research explores the theme of hatred, which has become a new interdisciplinary field called hate studies and which still requires academic contributions from different disciplines. The author uses the perspective of religious studies as well as peace and conflict studies, in which the phenomenon of hatred is examined in a descriptive-comparative way from two Islamic movement figures, namely Bediüzzaman Said Nursi (1877-1960) in Turkey and K. H. Ahmad Dahlan (1686-1923) in Indonesia. Comparison of thoughts and movements of these two Islamic figures is significant within the framework of ‘Muhammadiyah’. Muhammadiyah is part of the nation’s strength that has been actively involved in national political movement and in the nation-building process through “Amar Ma'ruf  Nahi Munkar” preaching since 1912 in Indonesia. Ahmad Dahlan's progressive thoughts were confronted with hate incidents from religious and community leaders because they were considered contradictory to the Islamic tradition and religion. This article compares the thoughts of Said Nursi and Ahmad Dahlan in how hatred was transformed into nonviolent practices. It shows a different perspective in criticising as well as complementing various nonviolent ways and peacebuilding movements today. This perspective offers contribution to the Islamic movements and the Muhammadiyah in responding to the challenges of plurality, nonviolence, and peace in Indonesia.
Pendidikan Demokrasi, Persaudaraan, dan Persatuan Indonesia dalam terang Dokumen Persaudaraan Manusia (2019)
Authors: Jawa Konstantinus Frederikus
Published: March 2021

Education is a medium to bring people towards enlightenment. Education is meant to foster students or young people to be able to embrace life with maturity in faith, personal resilience, and sensitivity to social situations, especially changes that happen today. The spirit of national democracy in Indonesia can be realised through values education in schools so that these become material for a character building process. Values internalised in the education comprise of respect, care, acceptance, solidarity, appreciation, and sensitivity to the suffering of others. In being compassionate to the suffering others, students are called to come out of their comfort zones and to get involved with people who suffer and are in need, especially those who are victims of injustice due to the system in the society. The cultivation of human compassion can be carried on by promoting fraternity, that is, through the real encounters with people of different backgrounds, religions, races, and ethnicities. Building human fraternity in education asks that students are fostered to exercise dialogue of life and are given opportunities to encounter others in living communication. Through the real encounters, they may sense the actual changes in the social reality so that education is not limited to scientific achievements, but touches their affective and psychomotor aspects as well.
Chinese Residents’ Philosophy and Religion in Contemporary China and North America
Authors: Zhang Donia
Published: March 2021

The cultural dimension of sustainability as the fourth pillar of the overall sustainable development framework encompasses both tangible and intangible cultures. In this study, tangible culture refers to the home environments of Chinese residents in China and North America, while intangible culture refers to their faiths and belief systems, in other words, their philosophy and religion, reflected (or not) in their home environments. The paper argues that Chinese philosophy and religion have historically contributed to Chinese people’s environmental ethics and their health and happiness. Set within this context, the paper presents the author’s two empirical research findings on Chinese residents’ philosophy and religion in contemporary China and North America. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected by asking Chinese residents the same research question in the 2007-2008 onsite survey and follow-up interviews in Beijing and Suzhou of China, and the 2013 online survey and follow-up interviews in the US and Canada. The findings show a significantly higher percentage of ethnic Chinese in North America holds traditional Chinese faiths than those in China, though Western cultural infiltration is also happening to them. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of participants, the findings may only be indicative.
TESTING AS A METHOD OF CONTROL AND ASSESSMENT OF THE FORMATION OF COMPETENCIES
Authors: R.М. Belalov
Published: March 2021

At the present stage, pedagogical tests are one of the most accessible and developed methods for assessing students' knowledge. Evaluation of the results of global research on testing problems showed that the developers of test items pay special attention to the form and their standardization, the processing of test results and the interpretation of the data obtained, methods of automatic test formation. The goal is to study the possibility of using testing to assess the formation of students' competencies. Materials and methods. Theoretical: a review of psychological and pedagogical literature on research issues, analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization. Results. Testing characterizes a number of properties, the main of which is the objectivity of the assessment of results, the definition of "gaps" in knowledge. The result of testing is obtaining objective information about the quality of knowledge and skills, determining the sections that are the worst learned by the students. All of the above makes it possible to adjust the course of training. Test control can be external, when the subjects are offered a dichotometric range, which contains both completed and unfulfilled tasks on a wide range of issues. During the testing process, students have the opportunity to independently identify gaps in their own knowledge. The study confirms the possibility of using testing in assessing the formation of students' competencies and ultimately provides an increase in the level of knowledge. Conclusion. At the present stage, the introduction of tests into educational practice is an inevitable process, therefore, efforts should be directed to the development of a theoretical platform for the testing system, which will entail an increase in the efficiency of using tests as a form of control.
STUDY OF PECULIARITIES OF PEDAGOGICAL CONTROL OF PUPILS 'TRAINING
Authors: R.M. Belalov
Published: March 2021

The aim of the work was to study the features of pedagogical control of schoolchildren's learning in a modern general education school. Research methods: theoretical: a review of psychological and pedagogical literature on research issues. The advantages of the system for assessing the degree of training are that each subsequent parameter is qualitatively higher than the previous one, and the system as a whole assesses the growth of knowledge and skills of students and the proposed parameters are convenient to operate in practice during the current assessment of knowledge, skills and abilities of students. The disadvantage of the system - the last parameter - "transfer" - characterizes as the student's ability to solve problems of a heuristic and creative type, ie. this stage requires detailing. The teaching function of control is to determine the content, techniques and methods of control, which are educational in nature. Any controlling task, except for the controlling function, trains students in the implementation of specific educational actions, ensuring a more solid mastery of these actions. The controlling task includes an element of novelty in the informative and substantive terms, providing an expansion of the cognitive horizons of students, developing and increasing the learning value of control. It is difficult to eliminate the subjective element of pedagogical control due to various circumstances: the designation of learning outcomes is rather arbitrary: knowledge, abilities, skills, assimilation, academic performance, etc .; methods of direct measurement of educational activity have not been developed, and it is judged indirectly by the answers, by the actions of students. Pedagogical control is an important component of the educational process that influences the result, the course of training and education. This problem is one of the most urgent in teaching practice.
ENDOMETRIAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH OVARIAN ENDOMETRIOSIS AND FAILURES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHILDBEARING FUNCTION
Authors: O.R. Aravina
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to study the state of the endometrium in patients with ovarian endometriosis and failures in the implementation of childbearing function. A retrospective analysis of IVF protocols was carried out, as well as a prospective examination of the immunological parameters and ultrasound characteristics of the endometrium, an immunohistochemical assessment of the endometrium in 55 women with laparoscopically confirmed ovarian endometriosis and 25 women with infertility due to the male factor, who were the control group. Significant differences were found in the immunohistochemical and immunological parameters of the endometrium in patients with ovarian endometriosis and IVF failures. A comprehensive approach to the assessment of endometrial function in patients is proposed, which can be used in patients at the stage of preparation for treatment with art methods in order to improve treatment outcomes for pregnancy.
Advanced Simulations for Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Joints
Authors: leon Roberto T. , Koutromanos Ioannis , Xing Chenxi
Published: March 2021

The seismic performance of older reinforced concrete moment frames in recent earthquakes indicates that these buildings are particularly vulnerable to collapse. Although extensive experimental research over the last three decades has clarified some of the mechanisms governing the behavior of this structural typology, detailed modeling of their behavior has remained elusive. A primary reason is that our ability to model the beam-column-slab connections is poor when shear cracking and bond degradation interact strongly. In this work, two types of advanced models have been developed to address this shortcoming: one based on a refined finite element analysis and one on a simplified truss analogy. In both cases, the intent is to elucidate the resistance mechanisms, peak strength, bond behavior and ductility exhibited by beam column joints. In the finite element formulation, superior results are obtained through careful material modeling, including the bond-slip relationship. The simplified model uses a nonlinear truss analogy, with the bond-slip effect accounted for through nonlinear zero-length spring elements with appropriate constitutive relationships. Both models are calibrated to well-documented tests and are shown to produce very good results when comparing local measurements. The truss model actually produces better results for cases where shear cracking dominates the overall behavior. The models are used to assess the performance of prototype connections designed to meet current American design standards. The results indicate that these joints will perform as expected under uniaxial cyclic loads, with strength and stiffness deterioration beginning around 3% drift. Further studies, not described herein, have shown very poor joint performance if subjected to biaxial loads and poorly if subjected to large cyclic deformations.
A Two-Stage Strength Assessment Methodology for Deep Concrete Cap Beams
Authors: Salgado Rafael A. , Sharma Anish , Guner Serhan
Published: March 2021

A significant portion of the nation’s aging bridge inventory consists of bridges with deep cap beams which were not designed to carry modern traffic loads. A strength assessment of these bridges is required for accurately predicting their load and deformation capacities. This paper proposes a two-stage strength assessment methodology for deep cap beams based on a nonlinear finite element analysis. To validate the finite element modeling approach, five pier caps experimentally investigated in the literature were analyzed. Crack patterns, load-displacement response, failure modes, and governing critical members were investigated under near collapse conditions. The complete proposed methodology was employed on a case study involving five existing bridges located in Ohio and the predicted capacities were compared with the traditional sectional and strut-and-tie methods. The proposed methodology has the potential to reduce the number of bridges found overloaded using traditional methods, resulting in significant cost savings.
Reliability-Based Fatigue Evaluation Considering Various Initial Conditions of Defects
Authors: An Lee-Sak , Park Yeun Chul , Kim Ho-Kyung
Published: March 2021

This study presents the reliability-based fatigue evaluation procedure for deteriorated steel members of a bridge with estimation in initial conditions of defects. For this purpose, deterioration scenarios and limit states are defined when fatigue crack or pitting corrosion are found. Since the initial conditions of the defects, such as the initial crack depth or the time for corrosion nucleation have large uncertainties, the initial conditions are estimated using the inspection results. A numerical example is presented to confirm the applicability of proposed method for typical steel structural members. The initial crack depth and the time for corrosion nucleation estimated by the proposed methods are similar to those proposed in previous studies, depending on the size of the defect. It is also possible to estimate more reasonable initial conditions of defects compared to the fixed distribution parameters or deterministic values which have been presented in previous studies. Therefore, it is expected that the proposed evaluation procedure could facilitate precise fatigue reliability analysis.
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Non-Structural Components Anchorage under Extreme Wind Loads
Authors: ALMEIDA Jr Sálvio A. , Guner Serhan
Published: March 2021

Steel anchors are widely used to fasten structures and non-structural components (NSC) to rooftop concrete slabs, especially in high-rise buildings. However, several NSC anchorage failures have been observed in the last decades upon the incidence of hurricanes, resulting in loss of service in essential buildings, detachment of the component, and water intrusion, all of which significantly delayed the recovery of the affected communities. From the observed failures, three main mechanisms were identified: steel rupture, concrete breakout, and bond failure. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element methodology using a concrete damaged plasticity approach is developed to predict the response of steel anchors installed into a concrete slab. The methodology is verified with experimental results for each failure mechanism and subsequently used to study the effect of service-load concrete cracking and elevated temperatures – common conditions at rooftop level – on the response of the anchors. In addition, a first-of-its-kind multi-scale model of an NSC and its anchorage is created using the proposed methodology to investigate its behavior under dynamic hurricane load application. The findings suggest that these conditions can compromise the performance of NSC or promote its failure.
Exploration of Cable-Supported Pedestrian Bridges
Authors: Hong Namhee K. , Koh Hyun-Moo , Hong Sung-Gul
Published: March 2021

The variety of transparency, lightness, and shape of cable-supported bridges is being actively utilized in the design of pedestrian bridges. Moreover, the pedestrian bridge, which is demanded to play a key role as a harmonious structure with surrounding landscape, is being reborn as a landmark sculpture. Considering that understanding design trends is very important step to establish design guide lines for future design, existing cable-supported pedestrian bridges developed until recently have been investigated considering structural material, structural system, and architectural styles. The visual inspiration of the pedestrian bridge is felt in the sense of the structure and the structural form is determined to satisfy the geometric design requirements while considering the efficiency and stability of the cable structure. Therefore, it is needed to identify the main variables affecting the cable-support structures and understand the true beauty of bridges by comparing and analyzing various bridge cases based on major variables. This paper will focus mainly on the following issues:

(1) the classification of types of cable-supported pedestrian bridges; (2) the identification of the important factors affecting structural forms and (3) an integrated framework for future pedestrian bridges considering form, function, and behavior. Note that the relationship between structural form and visual form is explained using graphical approach. It is expected that this study will help to explore future pedestrian bridges considering bridge aesthetics.
Seismic Behavior of Curved Bridge in Mountain Area
Authors: Fujikura Shuichi , Sakakibara Yuji , Nguyen Minh Hai , Nakajima Akinori
Published: March 2021

The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake occurred in central Kyushu, Japan, on April 14th with Mw 6.2 followed by the Mw 7.0 mainshock on April 16th. These earthquakes were mainly caused by the Futagawa fault and Hinagu fault where surface ruptures extended about 34 km long. Some of the bridges located in mountain area and close to the fault were damaged due to these near‐field earthquakes. Oginosaka Bridge is one of them and is a horizontally curved bridge with longitudinal and transverse slope, which is a feature of the bridges located in mountain area. The superstructure was rotated on plan and displaced transversely at both abutments to the opposite side, and there was an evidence of the deck‐abutment pounding in longitudinal direction. In order to investigate the seismic behavior of the curved bridge, nonlinear time‐history analyses including a deck‐abutment pounding interaction were carried out. The deck‐abutment pounding interaction considered in the analyses could capture the post‐impact response of the superstructure. The near‐field ground motions were used for the analyses. The analytical results showed that the curved bridge is susceptible to the deck rotation caused by pounding in longitudinal direction at the deck end under earthquake loading.
Effects of Core Concrete on the Buckling Behavior of Ultra-High Strength Reinforcement Bars
Authors: Zhou Aixin , Luo Pengjun , Takeuchi Takashi , Sun Yuping
Published: March 2021

The buckling of reinforcement bars, which may result in abrupt load-capacity degradation of reinforced concrete (RC) components, is definitely a critical issue in structures exposed to severe earthquakes. In the present study, six square RC columns were fabricated and tested under monotonic compression to investigate the influence of the core concrete on the buckling-resistant behavior of ultra-high strength reinforcement bars. All columns had a 150-mm square section and were 300 mm in height. The spacing of lateral hoops was selected as 50 mm (40), 75 mm (60), and 100 mm (80), respectively. The experimental results indicated that the core concrete strongly affected the buckling of ultra-high strength reinforcement bars and should be carefully considered in the seismic design of RC components reinforced by the ultra-high strength bars.
Simplified Interactive Flexure-Shear Design Method for Concrete Beams Based on Plastic Stress Field
Authors: Lei Haipeng , Liu Zhao
Published: March 2021

Rational design approach for reinforced concrete beam under combined bending and shear needs to be developed, since they always occur simultaneously. Based on the Thurlimann’s fully-plastic stress field model, a parabolic envelope and an additional limitation for intensive shear capacity is derived. Then, a simplified flexural-shear design method for concrete beams is proposed suitable for different reinforcement layout, which is illustrated by a working example. It has to be admitted that the parallel cracked model is more applicable to shallow beam, for cracking pattern in small shear-to-span ratio regions is quite different. In addition, the ductility of reinforcement must be ensured to prevent possible brittle premature failure.
Comparative analysis for monitoring long-term behavior of box girder bridges in Colombia
Authors: Rincon Luis F. , Viviescas Álvaro , Chio Gustavo , Osorio Edison , Riveros Carlos
Published: March 2021

The use of prestressed concrete (PSC) box girder bridges built by segmentally balanced cast-in-place cantilevers has spread massively due to noticeable advantages over traditional. However, excessive deflections have been observed in 10-years old constructed bridges worldwide which have been designed based on old international code standards that underestimated rheological effects. To guarantee 100-year design life of bridges, it is necessary to have a periodic monitoring system that validates in-service performance. In Colombia there is a necessity to study in-service performance of this type of bridges after its construction, which is the main solution for structures with spans ranging from 80 m to 200 m, therefore this study seeks to propose a procedure to estimate the long-time behavior of box girder bridges in Colombia considering construction data scarcity. Therefore, altimetry data measured from a newly constructed bridge is collected, and the rheological effects of the structure are predicted using models previously developed and validated. Finally, a comparative analysis is carried out and guidelines are provided to propose a practical monitoring framework that guarantees adequate in-service bridge performance.
Using Data Glasses inside a modern BIM approach for the Planning, Construction and Maintenance of Structures
Authors: Kraus Michael A. , Braml Thomas , Breitenberger Michael
Published: March 2021

The planning methods of Building Information Modeling (BIM) are already used as standard for the planning of buildings and bridges. 3-D models of the structures are created. From these 3-D models, 2-D drawings are derived and made available to the construction site for construction. This derivation of 2-D drawings takes a lot of work and questions the continuous digital planning process. New ways have to be developed how the information is brought from the office to the construction site and how this information is made available digitally to the workers. On the other hand, in-situ collection and post-processing of data is a highly topical issue. The techniques of Virtual and Augmented Reality look promising for that purpose. This article on the one hand shows the potentials of data glasses inside a modern BIM approach for the whole civil engineering context and on the other hand presents concepts as well as first experiences with the use of data glasses for the construction of building components within a BIM work flow. It can be shown, that data glasses are very well suited and promising for the use of transferring planning information to the construction site and vice versa.
Ontology-based sharing of structural health monitoring data
Authors: Törmä Seppo , Kiviniemi Markku , Lampi Mikko , Toivola Pekka , Puntila Päivi , Mätäsniemi Teemu
Published: March 2021

A structural health monitoring system installed in a bridge produces a vast amount of sensor data that is analyzed and periodically reported to a bridge owner at an aggregate level. The data itself typically remains in the monitoring service of a service provider; it may be accessible to clients and third parties through a dedicated user interface and API. This paper presents an ontology to defining the monitoring model based on the Semantic Sensor Network Ontology by W3C. The goal is to enable an asset owner to utilize preferred tools to view and access monitoring data from different service providers, and in longer term, increase the utilization of monitoring data in facility management. The ultimate aim is to use BrIM as a digital twin of a bridge and to link external datasets to improve information management and maintenance over its lifecycle.
Concurrent Probability of Earthquake and Hurricane
Authors: Gu Xianglin , Zhang Yaoyao , Yu Qianqian
Published: March 2021

Infrastructures are inevitably affected by multiple hazards during their service lives. Extreme loads, although occurring in a low frequency, may lead to catastrophic accidents and significant socioeconomic losses. Currently, research work on multi-hazards can be categorized into three groups: (1) joint hazards analysis, (2) physical vulnerability of a structure, and (3) damage analysis of a structure. However, the risk analysis of a structure is usually conducted to assume that the effect of multiple hazards on the structure is the superposition of effects caused by different kinds of hazards, and the interaction of hazards on structural effects is not considered. This paper proposed a theoretical evaluation method for concurrent probability of earthquake and hurricane, which is the basis for multi-hazard analysis of structures. The theoretical solution was validated to be reasonable by the numerical results from Monte Carlo method.
Exploring potential benefits of bridge condition assessment in highway operations
Authors: Cao Wen-Jun , Liu Wang-Sheng , Koh Chan Ghee , Smith I. F. C.
Published: March 2021

In recent years, an increasing number of private firms are involved in public works using the funding strategy of public-private partnerships (PPPs), especially for civil infrastructure projects such as highways and bridges. In this paper, a framework is proposed to quantify the potential benefits of condition assessment in the operation phase. The updated safety condition of highway bridges is introduced as a constraint of the profit optimization problem. The framework includes the following three steps. First, structural identification is carried out to identify parameter values of the bridge involved in the highway project. Then the reserve capacity under the relevant limit state is calculated based on the requirements of bridge design codes. The last step is to investigate the effects of reserve capacity on the optimal operating profit. This framework is applied to a highway flyover project in Singapore. The optimal operating profit based on quantified reserve capacity increases relative to the case without information of reserve capacity. This significant potential economic benefit associated with bridge condition assessment in the operation phase of toll highways.
Seismic risk evaluation of existing masonry buildings: methods and uncertainties
Authors: Croce Pietro , Beconcini Maria Luisa , Formichi Paolo , Landi Filippo , Puccini Benedetta , Zotti Vincenzo
Published: March 2021

Masonry structures represent a large part of existing buildings. As confirmed by the damage caused by recent seismic events, the assessment of seismic performance of existing masonry building is then a critical issue in Countries exposed to seismic risk. Moreover, common methods of analysis based on non-linear static approach are significantly influenced by the assumptions about the shear behavior of masonry walls and may lead to inconsistent or contradictory results.

Due to the relevance of the problem ad hoc studies have been performed to clarify how the most relevant parameters affect the theoretical structural behavior and to setup a proper method to define these parameters.

In the paper, the main sources of uncertainties regarding the definition of material parameters are investigated and a methodology for the identification of masonry classes is illustrated discussing the propagation of uncertainties related to masonry parameters in non-linear static analysis of masonry buildings. The analysis are carried out through a simplified non-linear pushover type algorithm developed by the authors and the outcomes are illustrated and critically discussed for a relevant case study.

The results show the capability of the proposed procedure for the identification of masonry classes and the evaluation of masonry mechanical parameters to provide a more refined probabilistic assessment of the seismic risk index.
Eccentric-wing flutter stabilizer – Simplified analysis and main findings
Authors: Starossek Uwe
Published: March 2021

A device aiming at preventing bridge flutter is studied. It consists of fixed wings positioned with a large lateral offset along the edges of the bridge deck. The wings are attached to the bridge deck by means of lateral support structures. Flutter analyses for various kinds of bridges and wind-tunnel tests confirm the flutter-suppression effectiveness of the wings. They constitute a passive damping device without moving parts. This is an advantage over devices with moving parts, which meet resistance due to reliability and maintenance concerns. The main findings to date concerning analysis, flutter-suppression effectiveness, and cost-efficiency of the eccentric-wing flutter stabilizer are summarized. In addition, a simplified approach for the analysis of torsional flutter of a bridge equipped with this device is presented and applied to the first Tacoma Narrows Bridge. It is found that with relatively small effort the flutter stability of that bridge could have been substantially improved.
A CFD Study on the Influence of Free-stream Deterministic Gusts on the Critical Flutter Velocity of Streamlined Bridge Decks
Authors: Kavrakov Igor , Tesfaye Samuel , Morgenthal Guido
Published: March 2021

In the design of super-long-span bridges, the wind actions are commonly a governing criterion. Critical design checks for wind-induced vibrations involve experimental and numerical procedures for determination of the flutter instability threshold, commonly under laminar free-stream. The influence of free-stream turbulence on the critical flutter velocity of bridge decks still represents an open topic in bridge aerodynamics. This paper presents an investigation of the influence of free-stream deterministic gusts on the critical flutter velocity using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Deterministic free-stream harmonic gusts are simulated by modelling the wake of two flapping airfoils using the two-dimensional Vortex Particle Method (VPM). These gusts are then applied to a streamlined bridge deck and the oscillation amplitudes are studied for various gust amplitudes and frequencies. The results indicate that the critical flutter velocity is reduced for harmonic gusts with a frequency similar to the critical frequency under laminar free-stream, while it is not in affect for gust frequencies corresponding to the structural frequencies. By dissecting the random free-stream into harmonic gusts, this study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the physical processes occurring in the fluid-structure interaction near the instability threshold.
ECO - FRIENDLY NATURAL COLORS YIELDING FLOWERING PLANTS OF COLLEGE CAMPUS KILA BHAVAN INDORE DISTRICT (M.P.) – A SURVEY REPORT
Authors: Mahajan Saroj , Upadhya Padma , Johanson Malini , Malviya Neelu
Published: March 2021

Color is one of the elements of nature that made the human living more aesthetic and fascinating in the world. They are supposed to be associated with emotions, human qualities, seasons, festivals and passion in our life .I n India, there are more than 450 plants that can yield bright colors. Natural dyes are environment friendly such , turmeric, the brightest ofnaturally occurring yellow color is a powerful antiseptic which revitalizes the skin, (R.Siva,2007)PunicagranatumL. (Anar)LawsoniainermisL.(henna), and manyother common natural color yielding plants(Hussein, 1997)The present study mainly focuses on some important plants having color yielding potential. As many as 25species were screened for coloiouring. These species belonging to25genera and 18families are presented in this paper. The botanical names, family,vernacular name and parts from which color is obtained and the colours fixed after treating withrecommended mordents.Natural colorants derived from flora and fauna are believed to be safe because of its nontoxic, non-carcinogenic and biodegradable in nature (Cristea&Vilarem, 2003). Different parts of the plants were used for the extraction of dyes such asbark , leaves, flowers, etc and different types of mordents were used for fixing the dye into the fabric.Study of available literature shows that several studies werecarried out on natural color yielding plants in the recent past. (A. Rashmiel.al., 2004, Debajitand Tiwari 2005, Gour 2008 and Garget al., 2010) color yielding plants are not properly studied with reference to Madhya Pradesh, (Tiwariand Bharat 2008), (Choudhary and Upadhyay 2011) Present work is undertaken to study the color yielding plants of Sehore district.
INTERIOR OF BEDROOM FROM ANCIENT TO MODERN ERA
Authors: Rekhade Nanadini
Published: March 2021

Bedrooms are the primary place of relaxation, where we all retire to take a good sleep and refresh, away from the world and worries. The bedroom interior design is extremely important in order to provide that instant feel of relaxation and here are a few tips: the first thing that meets the eyes are the colors used on the walls, carpets and bed set so, they all must be soothing in pastel colors in order to provide a relaxing effect.
COLOR BARS IN COMMUNICATION
Authors: Srivastava Rekha
Published: March 2021

The expression of a person takes various forms in the journey from childhood to youth to middle age. Many elements intrude in this journey during its development and it is a kind of gratitude. Which happens not only in the life of man but also in the expression of the artist. Where every person discovers, expresses himself according to his thought streams. Develops its own value vision according to its own criteria. But in order to reach this stage, one has to constantly renounce excesses and live in the present in every form. It is most important for a painter to center himself on the elemental composition of the canvas, this path will take him where, beyond the nuances, he removes the essence of perfection and puts it on the white canvas.

व्यक्ति की अभिव्यक्ति बचपन से लेकर जवानी फिर अधेड़ अवस्था तक के सफर में, विभिन्न रूप लेती है। इस यात्रा में बहुत सारे तत्व अपने विकास के दौरान घुसपैठ करते हैं और यह एक तरह का आभार है। जो सिर्फ मनुष्य के जीवन में ही नहीं घटता बल्कि कलाकार की अभिव्यक्ति में भी लक्षित होता है। जहां हर व्यक्ति अपनी विचार धाराओं के अनुरूप खुद को खोजता, व्यक्त करता है। खुद के मापदण्डों के अनुसार अपनी मूल्य दृष्टि विकसित करता हैै। परन्तु इस अवस्था तक पहुचने के लिये , व्यक्ति को लगातार अतिष्य का त्याग और हर रूप में मौजूदा वक्त में जीना होता है। एक चित्रकार के लिये कैनवास के तात्विक संयोजन पर खुद को केन्द्रित करना सबसे जरूरी है, यह रास्ता उसे ले जाएगा, जहां बारीकियों से परे वो पूर्णता का स्वत्व निकालकर सफेद कैनवास पर रख देता है।प
ROLE OF COLOR SCHEME IN JAMINI RAI'S ART
Authors: Pandey Shweta
Published: March 2021

Jamini Rai produced innumerable paintings during his art journey. There is hardly any subject in this construction which could not be revealed through the paintbrush of Jamini Rai. Due to his dedication to the art and his continuity, he produced such a large number of paintings. Jamini Rai has repeated his own paintings many times, so it is very difficult to say which painting is earlier, which later, only by looking at the style, the construction period can be estimated. Apart from this, Jamini Rai never mentioned the date in his pictures, due to which the problem becomes even more complicated. Jamini Rai has made several paintings on the same subject, in which he later reconstructed some changes. In this way, during his art journey, he created many beautiful paintings based on different subjects, in which the scent of Indian soil is fragrant. Jamini Rai used canvas and oil colors to create paintings in the beginning of his art process and continued working from this mode for a long time. Gradually, with the passage of time, when Jamini Rai gave a new direction to his art journey, many changes took place in his life. He always continued new art experiments to innovate in his art. Jamini Rai voluntarily used to make changes in his art as required.

जामिनी राय ने अपनी कला यात्रा के दौरान असंख्य चित्रों का निर्माण किया। इस निर्माण कार्य में शायद ही ऐसा कोई विषय हो जो जामिनी राय की तूलिका के माध्यम से प्रकट ना हो सका हो। कला के प्रति उनका समर्पण व उनकी निरन्तरता के कारण ही उन्होंने इतनी बड़ी संख्या में चित्रों का निर्माण किया। जामिनी राय ने अपने ही चित्रों को कई बार दोहराया है, इसलिये यह कह पाना बड़ा कठिन है कि कौन सा चित्र पहले का है, कौन सा बाद का, सिर्फ शैली को देखकर ही निर्माण काल का अनुमान लगाया जा सकता है। इसके अतिरिक्त जामिनी राय ने अपने चित्रों में कभी भी तिथि का उल्लेख नही किया है, इस कारण यह समस्या और भी जटिल हो जाती है। जामिनी राय ने एक ही विषय पर कई चित्रों को बनाया है जिनमें उन्होंने बाद में कुछ ना कुछ परिवर्तन करते हुए पुनः निर्माण किया। इस प्रकार उन्होंने अपनी कला यात्रा के दौरान अलग-अलग विषयों पर आधारित अनेक खूबसूरत चित्रों का निर्माण किया जिसमें भारतीय मिट्टी की सौंधी महक है। जामिनी राय ने अपनी कलायात्रा के आरम्भ में चित्रों के निर्माण कैनवास व तैल रंगों का प्रयोग किया और बहुत लम्बे समय तक इस विधा से ही कार्य करते रहे। धीरे-धीरे समय के साथ जब जामिनी राय ने अपनी कला यात्रा केा एक नई दिशा दी तब उनके जीवन में कई परिवर्तन आ गए। उन्होंने सदैव अपनी कला में नवीनता लाने के लिए नित नए कला प्रयोगों को जारी रखा। जामिनी राय स्वेच्छा से आवश्यकता के अनुसार अपनी कला में परिवर्तन किया करते थे।
SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE OF COLORS
Authors: Dev Sandhya
Published: March 2021

Color is a symbol of joy and enthusiasm. Colors have a special effect on the human brain. Colors produce attractiveness and vividness in any object. The source of color is light. Identification of different colors is possible because objects reflect light and reflect it. Light enters the eyes. Acts on our vision sensation. Due to this, the sensation of light is produced and the brain feels color.Generally, objects reflect some part of the light and some part absorb it. Eg 0 if the objects are green. So she charms all colors except Hare. The object that appears white reflects all colors. Black objects corroborate all colors.

रंग आनंद एवं उत्साह का प्रतीक है। रंगों का मानव मस्तिष्क पर विशेष प्रभाव पड़ता है। रंग किसी भी वस्तु में आकर्षकता एवं वोधगम्यता उत्पन्न करते है। रंग की प्राप्ति का स्त्रोत प्रकाश है। विभिन्न रंगो की पहचान इसीलिए संभव होती है क्योंकि वस्तुएं प्रकाश को परावर्तित यो अभिशोषित करती है। प्रकाश आंखो में प्रवेश करता है। हमारी दृष्टि संवेदना पर क्रिया करता है। इसके कारण प्रकाश की संवेदना उत्पन्न होती है और मस्तिष्क को रंग की अनुभूति होती है।सामान्यतः वस्तुएं प्रकाश का कुछ भाग परावर्तित एवं कुछ भाग अभिशोषित करती है। उदा0 यदि वस्तुएॅ हरे रंग की है। तो वह हरे के अलावा सभी रंगो को अभिशोषित करती हैं। जो वस्तु सफेद दिखाई देती है वह सभी रंगो को परावर्तित करती है। काली वस्तुएं सभी रंगो को अभिशोषित करती है।
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES BY COLOR - LESS EXPENSIVE MEDICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Jain Anjana
Published: March 2021

Research Summary - Colors have a profound effect on our brain, body and emotions. The imbalance of colors is the cause of disease. If the treatment method of colors removes this imbalance, then a person can become healthy and disease free. In the study presented, an attempt has been made to know what is the color therapy system, whether it can lead to disease diagnosis, whether it is a less expensive method, etc. an attempt has been made to know things.

शोध सारांष - रंगों का हमारे मस्तिष्क, शरीर व भावनाओं पर गहरा असर पड़ता हैं। रंगों का असन्तुलन रोग का कारण होता है यदि रंगों की चिकित्सा विधि द्वारा इस असन्तुलन को दूर कर दिया ताय तो व्यक्ति स्वस्थ एवं रोग मुक्त हो सकता हैं। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन में यह जानने का प्रयास किया गया है कि रंग चिकित्सा प्रणाली क्या है घ् क्या इससे रोग निदान हो सकता है घ् क्या यह कम खर्चीली पद्धति है घ् आदि बातों को जानने का प्रयास किया गया है।