bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Position of Women as the Second Sex in "The Kreutzer Sonata" by Leo Tolstoy
Authors: Andriani Tuti , Mahmud Murni , Burhamzah Muftihaturrahmah
Published: December 2023

This research aimed at analyzing the position of women as the second sex in the novel “The Kreutzer Sonata” written by Leo Tolstoy. The writer used descriptive qualitative method and the theory of gender feminism. This research analyzed about feminism but focused on the position of women according to the inequalities of gender; marginalization, subordination, stereotype, violence, and double workloads. The results of this research showed that the position of women in the novel based on the inequalities of gender is the second sex. This novel shows that women as the second sex in patriarchal culture have certain limits in doing things in their lives. The position of women under men where men were considered as the main sex which has an important role in society.
Prognostic Significance of Echocardiographic Characteristics in Patients with Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: comparison with Type 1 Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hoang T. H. , Maiskov V. V. , Merai I. A. , Safarova A. F. , Kobalava Z. D.
Published: December 2023

Aim. To outline echocardiographic features and assess their prognostic significance for major cardiovascular adverse events (MACEs) within 12 months in patients with type 2 myocardial infarction (MI), compared to type 1 MI (T1MI).

Material and methods. The prospective observational study included 161 MI patients who underwent coronary angiography within 24 hours of admission. Type 2 MI (T2MI) diagnosis aligned with the Fourth Universal Definition. Echocardiography and speckle-tracking echocardiography were performed within 72 hours of hospitalization. MACEs encompassed cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, and HF-related readmissions. Logistic regression analysis was conducted  to evaluate their associations with the outcomes.

Results. T2MI were diagnosed in 74 patients (median age, 65 years; males, 55,4%). During follow up, 18 patients for each MI type experienced at least one MACE event. Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (LV ejection fraction [LVEF] <50%) was observed in 41 (55.4%) T2MI patients, compared with 66 (75.9%) T1MI patients (p=0.014). Median LVEF and global longitudinal strain [GLS] were 47.5% and 13.4%, respectively, for T2MI, compared to 45% and 13.9%, respectively, for T1MI (p=0.032 and p=0.332, respectively). LV diastolic dysfunction [DD] was observed in 56 (75.7%) T2MI and 77 (88.5%) T1MI patients. Grade III was more frequent in T2MI in comparison with T1MI (14.9% vs 1.1%, p=0.001, respectively), whereas grade I was more common in T1MI patients (75.9% vs 43.2%, p=0.004, respectively). Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction was observed more frequent in T2MI patients, compared to those with T2MI (52.7% vs. 35.6%, p=0.025, respectively). In univariate analysis, grade III DD was significantly associated with MACEs in T2MI (odds ratio [OR] 5.1, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–18.5, p=0.017). In multivariate analysis, GLS ≤ 9.6% (OR = 17.3, 95% CI 3.0-99.5, p=0.001), and prior MI (OR = 16.6, 95% CI 1.7–157.6, p=0.015) were significantly associated with a heightened risk of MACEs in T2MI patients.

Conclusion. Patients with T2MI had high prevalence of LV and RV dysfunction. Echocardiographic assessments, particularly speckle-tracking echocardiography, hold promise in predicting adverse outcomes for these individuals.
Inhospital outcomes of myocardial infarction in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Chashchin M. G. , Gorshkov A. Yu. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: December 2023

Aim. To evaluate the clinical course and inhospital outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients receiving continuous direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy.

Material and methods. Data from 390 patients treated for MI were included in the analysis. The mean age was 64.1±12.8 years. The majority were men (61,5%; n=240). All patients underwent standard diagnostic and therapeutic procedures according to clinical guidelines, including coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention when indicated. Clinical, anamnestic and laboratory data (including C-reactive protein level, troponin I, coagulation test) were analysed. The inhospital course of MI, mortality and incidence of complications were evaluated.

Results. Patients were divided into two groups according to DOAC therapy received. The main group included 41 patients with constant DOAC intake, while the control group consisted of 349 patients not receiving DOAC. Patients aged 65 years and older accounted for 68,3% (n=28) of the main group (p=0,0033), with a high proportion of cerebral circulation disorders and venous thrombosis (p<0,01). Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 75,6% (n=31) of patients in the main group (p<0,0001). ST elevation MI (STEMI) was seen in 39,0% (n=16) of cases in the main group and 47,3% (n=165) of cases in the control group (p=0,3161). As        a result, 85,4% (n=35) of patients in the main group had a high GRACE-1 risk, compared to 50,4% (n=176) in the control group (p<0,0001). The two groups did not differ significantly in the severity of heart failure (p=0,1549). ST-segment resolution on admission electrocardiogram was observed in 43,8% (n=7) of the main group and 18,1% (n=30) of the control group (p=0,0238). According to coronary involvement severity and the type of antegrade flow in the infarct-related artery, patients in both groups were comparable (p>0,05). Prior DOAC administration had no significant effect on the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (odds ratio (OR), 3,96 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0,76–20,66)) and mortality (OR 1,47 (95% CI 0,37-5,85)) during hospitalization.

Conclusion. Patients with MI who received continuous DOAC therapy had significantly more frequent ST-segment resolution at hospital admission compared with patients who did not receive DOAC. DOAC administration had no significant effect on mortality and incidence of inhospital complications of MI.
Pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Shatalova N. A. , Sychev D. A. , Mirzaev K. B. , Kochetkov A. I. , Ebzeeva E. Yu. , Dashabylova V. B. , Bochkov P. O. , Tuchkova S. N. , Glagolev S. V.
Published: December 2023

Aim. To study the possible relationship between polymorphic variants of ABCB1 (rs2032582, rs1045642, rs1128503), CYP3A5 (rs776746), CYP3A4 (rs35599367) and CYP2J2 (rs890293) genes with residual equilibrium concentrations (Cmin,ss) of rivaroxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Material and methods. A total of 123 patients 52 to 97 years old (median age, 82 years) with AF in combination with stage 3 and 4 CKD were included in the study. Each patient underwent a pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic study.

Results. Cmin,ss and dose-adjusted concentration (Cmin,ss/D) of rivaroxaban were significantly higher in patients with the TT genotype than with the CT genotype of the polymorphic variant rs1045642 of the ABCB1 gene (Сmin,ss 60,5 [36,7;173] ng/ml and 54,8 [23,1;97,3] ng/ml, respectively, р=0,016; Сmin,ss/D 4,06[2,3;8,1] ng/ml/mg and 2,2 [1,1;4,9] ng/ml/mg, р=0,006). In patients with the T allele (CT and TT genotypes), compared with CC genotype carriers, Cmin,ss and Cmin,ss/D were significantly higher (Cmin,ss 60,5 [36,7;173] ng/ml and 45,8 [20,9;82,3] ng/ml, respectively, p=0,029; Cmin,ss/D 4,06 [2,3;8,1] ng/ml/  mg and 2,6 [1,2;4,8] ng/ml/mg, respectively, p=0,014). Also, Cmin,ss and Cmin,ss/D was significantly higher in patients with the TT genotype according to the polymorphic variant rs2032582 of the ABCB1 gene than in patients with the GG genotype (p=0,02 and р=0,016 respectively). Cmin,ss and Cmin,ss/D in T allele (GT and TT genotypes) carriers were significantly higher than in T allele homozygotes (Cmin,ss 57,1 [27,7;106,0] ng/ml versus 37,6 [18,6;61,7] ng/ml respectively, p=0,024; Cmin,ss/D 3,6 [1,7;7,4] ng/ml/mg versus 2,3 [1,1;4,09] ng/ml/mg respectively, p=0,032). Differences in Сmin,ss and Сmin,ss/D of rivaroxaban were detected when comparing TC, CC and TT genotypes of polymorphism rs1128503 of the ABCB1 gene. When comparing Сmin,ss and Сmin,ss/D of rivaroxaban among carriers of AG and GG genotypes of the rs776746 polymorphism of the CYP3A56986A>G gene, no significance was detected (p>0,05). Also, no difference in Cmin,ss and Cmin,ss/D was found when comparing carriers of the CC and CT genotypes of the rs35599367 polymorphism of the CYP3A4 gene, and carriers of the CC and AC genotypes of the rs890293 polymorphism of the CYP2J2 gene (p>0,05).

Conclusion. The carriage of T allele by polymorphic variants rs1045642 and rs2032582 of the ABCB1 gene affects Cmin,ss and Cmin,ss/D of rivaroxaban.
Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Desa Cembor Kecamatan Pacet Kabupaten Mojoketro
Authors: Suryawinata M
Published: December 2023

Alhamdulillah segala puji bagi Allah SWT, sang pencipta dunia dan seisi-Nya tiada Tuhan selain Allah dan hanya kepada-Nya lah kita patut memohon dan berserah diri. Hanya karena nikmat kesehatan dan kesemptan dari Allah-lah penyusun dapat melaksanakan semua kegiatan KKN Pencerahan serta menyelesaikan laporan KKN Pencerahan ini. Sholawat dan salam selalu kami haturkan kepada junjungan kita Nabi Muhammad SAW sang kekasih Allah, dengan syafa’at dari beliaulah kita dari terbebas dari zaman ke jahiliyah. Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) merupakan bentuk pengabdian mahasiswa kepada masyarakat sehubungan dengan pelaksanaan “Catur Darma Perguruan Tinggi”. KKN memberikan pengalaman belajar kepada mahasiswa untuk hidup di tengah tengah masyarakat di luar lingkungan kampus, dan secara langsung mengidentifikasi serta menangani masalah-masalah pembangunan yang di alami oleh masyarakat.
Buku Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Desa Tamiajeng Kecamatan Trawas Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Tirtoni Feri
Published: December 2023

Alhamdulillah segala puji bagi Allah SWT, sang pencipta dunia dan seisi-Nya tiada Tuhan selain Allah dan hanya kepada-Nya lah kita patut memohon dan berserah diri. Hanya karena nikmat kesehatan dan kesemptan dari Allah-lah penyusun dapat melaksanakan semua kegiatan KKN Pencerahan serta menyelesaikan laporan KKN Pencerahan ini. Sholawat dan salam selalu kami haturkan kepada junjungan kita Nabi Muhammad SAW sang kekasih Allah, dengan syafa’at dari beliaulah kita dari terbebas dari zaman ke jahiliyah. Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) merupakan bentuk pengabdian mahasiswa kepada masyarakat sehubungan dengan pelaksanaan “Catur Darma Perguruan Tinggi”. KKN memberikan pengalaman belajar kepada mahasiswa untuk hidup di tengah tengah masyarakat di luar lingkungan kampus, dan secara langsung mengidentifikasi serta menangani masalah-masalah pembangunan yang di alami oleh masyarakat.
Students’ Problem on Mastery of Islamic Religious Education Subject in Pandemic and Implications For The Curriculum Completeness and Competence Quality
Authors: Dini Himmatul Ulya  , Raharjo  , Ikhrom
Published: December 2023

Problems of learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI=Pendidikan Agama Islam) during the pandemic have been discussed a lot, but have not related much to the mastering PAI learning materials. The purpose of this study was to analyze the problem of student mastery in Islamic Religious Education during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis includes: a description of students' mastery of material problems and their implications for curriculum completeness and competence quality. This qualitative research relies on interview, observation, and documentation data. The research participants involved 30 students and 6 teachers at SDI Luqman al-Hakim, SDN Integrated Model, and SDN Sobontoro I Bojonegoro. The results showed that based on the learning outcomes document, all students had exceeded the passing grade. but based on interviews, they do not understand the material they have studied. The problem of students' mastery of Islamic Religious Education during the Pandemic period was in the form of low achievement of cognitive aspects, inaccessibility of affective and psychomotor aspects. In line with that, the problem of student mastery of the PAI material has an impact on the problem of curriculum completeness and the quality of student competence. The results of this study recommend the importance of supporting institutional infrastructure, teachers and parents at home.
THE EFFECT OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ON INCOME INEQUALITY: DOES ISLAMIC FINANCE KUZNETS CURVE VALID IN THE OIC COUNTRIES?
Authors: Kamalu Kabiru , Wan Ibrahim Wan Hamikah Bint
Published: December 2023

Income inequality is evident in all countries regardless of the level of development or income status. Islamic financial system has Shariah-compliant financial instruments that, when properly utilized, can facilitate equitable income distribution in the OIC member countries. This study examines the effect of Islamic financial development and human development on income inequality in the OIC. The study also analyzes the validity of the Islamic finance Kuznets curve hypothesis. We employ FMOLS and DOLS estimators with data from 20 OIC member countries covering the period from 2012 to 2022. The results show that Islamic financial development and human development promote equitable income distribution. The findings also confirm the validity of the Islamic finance Kuznets curve hypothesis.  Thus, to reduce the income gap in the OIC, Islamic financial institutions should expand further via for examples innovation in Shariah-compliant Islamic financial products and services. In addition, policymakers should prioritize policies and programs that can promote Islamic financing and improve human development in the OIC member countries.
Quantifying a tide-dominated, wave-, and river-influenced delta in Miocene facies of the Niger Delta basin
Authors: Ezeh Sunny C. , Bhattacharya Janok P.
Published: December 2023

The modern Niger Delta has long been classified as a mixed tide-, wave-, and river-influenced delta. Still, no detailed studies have quantified the relative proportions of formative processes and facies. This work presents the first quantitative estimate of the relative influence of formative processes in Miocene deposits based on core data from the Greater Ughelli, Central Swamp, and Coastal Swamp depositional belts of the Niger Delta basin. Facies analysis of 288.2 m of core from four wells shows approximately 53% tidal facies, 33% fluvial facies, and 14% wave-formed facies, indicating deposition in a prograding tide-dominated, wave-, and river-influenced delta.

Cores from the Greater Ughelli and Central Swamp depobelts exhibit coarsening-upwards, prograding deltaic facies successions overlain by fluvial mudstone. Tidal deposits in the Coastal Swamp depobelt show coarsening-upwards prograding deltaic facies successions with well-developed tidal bundles indicating seasonal deposition. The basal part of these facies successions also reveals repeated floods characterized by slump and load structures and dewatering features.

Delta-plain and delta-front–prodeltaic facies associations are identified based on physical sedimentary and biological structures. The delta-plain facies association consists of weakly bioturbated mudstone, fissile mudstone, and coarse-pebbly stratified sandstone facies with sparse trace fossils. The delta-front–prodeltaic facies association contains muddy and sandy heteroliths, stratified, medium and coarse-grained, cross-bedded sandstone, and convoluted mudstone facies. The facies vary but characteristically contain trace-fossil assemblages of the recently proposed Rosselia and Phycosiphon Ichnofacies, indicating delta-front and prodeltaic settings, respectively. Variability in the facies is determined by the relative influence of hydrodynamic processes (tide, wave, and river), variations in physicochemical stress, and the episodic character of deposition. In addition, based on the relative influence of each hydrodynamic processes, the facies differ through the successions, sometimes subtly.
Oseanographic Conditions of Grenn Mussel Cultivation (Perna viridis) Using Multilevel Plastic Baskets Method in Salemo Island Waters, Pangkep Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Samawi Muhammad Farid , Jalil Abd. Rasyid , Werorilangi Shinta
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTCultivation of green mussels (Perna viridis) using multilevel plastic baskets has been carried out in the waters of Salemo Island, Pangkep Regency, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the oceanographic parameters that affect mussel cultivation at different water depths. The research treatment was placement on the surface and bottom of the waters (five meters deep) with different stocking densities. Green mussel cultivation is carried out for 4 months, namely May, June, July and August. Measurement of oceanographic parameters was carried out every month during green mussel cultivation, in situ, namely temperature, turbidity, salinity, pH, DO and those analyzed in the laboratory, namely TSS, TOM, Nitrate, Phosphate and the composition and abundance of plankton. Growth measurements of green mussels were also carried out, namely absolute weight and survival (SR). The results showed that the condition of oceanographic parameters differed between the surface and bottom waters, especially the parameters of TSS, turbidity, TOM, nutrients and plankton abundance. This situation is related to the absolute growth value and SR of mussels at different stocking densities and depths.Keywords: Oceanographic, green mussels, multilevel baskets, absolute growth, Salemo
SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification and PE License Exam Reference Guide
Authors: Ghalambor Ali
Published: December 2023

A one-stop, go-to reference containing all relevant and key industry concepts, equations, terminology, and formulas, the SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification and PE License Exam Reference Guide is the essential tool for those taking the SPE Professional Certification Exam and US PE Exam. This recently updated guide complements SPE’s Petroleum Engineering Handbook series, as the key concepts and equations from that series have been separated out and methodically cataloged into this one volume. To quickly find what you are looking for, a new index has been added.

Along with being crucial before and during exams (YES - IT CAN BE BROUGHT INTO THE EXAM), this invaluable guide continues to serve oil and gas industry professionals throughout their career. With this guide, there is no need to carry a suitcase full of books on every assignment or search multiple texts to simply find a definition or an equation. The SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification and PE License Exam Reference Guide is for anyone searching for an upstream or downstream solution.
The role of provincial health administration in supporting district health management teams in the Democratic Republic of Congo: eliciting an initial programme theory of a realist evaluation
Authors: Samuel Bosongo , Belrhiti Zakaria , Faustin Chenge , Criel Bart , Yves Coppieters , Marchal Bruno
Published: December 2023

Background: In 2006, the Ministry of Health in the Democratic Republic of Congo designed a strategy to strengthen the health system by developing health districts. This strategy included a reform of the provincial health administration to provide effective technical support to District Health Management Teams in terms of leadership and management. The provincial health teams were set up in 2014, but few studies have been done on how, for whom, and under what circumstances their support to the districts works. We report on the development of an initial programme theory that is the first step of a realist evaluation seeking to address this knowledge gap.
Methods: To inform the initial programme theory, we collected data through a scoping review of primary studies on leadership or management capacity building of district health managers in sub-Saharan Africa, a review of policy documents and interviews with the programme designers. We then conducted a two-step data analysis: first, identification of intervention features, context, actors, mechanisms and outcomes through thematic content analysis; and second, formulation of Intervention-Context-Actor-Mechanism-Outcome (ICAMO) configurations using a retroductive approach.
Results: We identified six ICAMO configurations explaining how effective technical support (i.e., personalised, problem-solving centred and reflection-stimulating) may improve the competencies of the members of district health management teams by activating a series of mechanisms (including positively perceived relevance of the support, positively perceived credibility of provincial health administration staff, trust in provincial health administration staff, psychological safety, reflexivity, self-efficacy and perceived autonomy) under specific contextual conditions (including enabling learning environment, integration of vertical programmes, competent public health administration staff, optimal decision space, supportive work conditions, availability of resources, absence of negative political influences).
Conclusion: We identified initial ICAMO configurations that explain how provincial health administration technical support for district health management teams is expected to work, for whom and under what conditions. These ICAMO configurations will be tested in subsequent empirical studies.
Clinical evaluation of deep learning-based risk profiling in breast cancer histopathology and comparison to an established multigene assay
Authors: Robertson Stephanie , Wang Yinxi , Sun Wenwen , Karlsson Emelie , Lövgren Sandy Kang , Acs Balazs , Rantalainen Mattias , Hartman Johan
Published: December 2023

A significant proportion of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative early breast cancer patients are categorised as intermediate risk based on classic clinicopathological variables, thus providing limited information to guide treatment decisions. The Prosigna assay is one of the established prognostic multigene assays in clinical practice for risk profiling. Stratipath Breast is a novel deep learning-based image analysis tool that utilises haematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained histopathological images for risk profiling. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the Stratipath Breast tool for image-based risk profiling and compare it with the Prosigna assay. In a real-world breast cancer case series comprising 234 invasive tumours from patients with early ER+/HER2- breast cancer, clinically intermediate risk and eligible for chemotherapy, clinicopathological data including Prosigna results and corresponding HE-stained tissue slides were retrieved. The digitised HE slides were analysed by Stratipath Breast. Our findings showed that the Stratipath Breast analysis identified 49.6% of the clinically intermediate tumours as low risk and 50.4% as high risk. The Prosigna assay classified 32.5%, 47.0% and 20.5% tumours as low, intermediate and high risk, respectively. Among Prosigna intermediate-risk tumours, 47.3% were stratified as Stratipath low risk and 52.7% as high risk. In addition, 89.7% of Stratipath low-risk cases were classified as Prosigna low/intermediate risk. The overall agreement between the two tests for low-risk and high-risk groups was 71.0%, with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.42. For both risk profiling tests, grade and Ki67 differed significantly between risk groups. In conclusion, for the first time, we here present the results from a clinical evaluation of image-based risk stratification and show a considerable agreement to an established gene expression assay in routine breast pathology. The findings demonstrate that image-based risk profiling may aid in the identification of low-risk patients who could potentially be spared adjuvant chemotherapy.
Analysis of the Thermal Flow Field in the Bearing Cavity of Double-Rotor Cylindrical Roller Bearing with Under-Race Lubrication
Authors: Wei F , Liu hongbin , Gao chuang
Published: December 2023

To solve the problem of high-temperature failure of double-rotor cylindrical roller bearing with under-race lubrication. Fluent meshing, the volume of fluid (VOF) method, and multiple reference frame (MRF) method were used to simulate and analyze the flow field and temperature field in the cavity of a double-rotor cylindrical roller bearing. The effect of the outer race speed on the flow field and temperature field in the bearing cavity was studied when the inner race speed of the bearing was constant. The following conclusions were drawn from the simulation results: (1) When the inner and outer races rotate in the opposite direction, the lubricating oil in the bearing cavity is primarily driven by the rotation of the roller; (2) When the inner and outer races rotate in the same direction, the lubricating oil is mainly driven by the revolution of the roller and the cage, that is, the lubricating oil in the outer race of the bearing is more; (3) The larger the speed difference between the inner and outer races, the higher the friction temperature rise in the bearing cavity; (4) When the outer race rotates, the viscosity temperature rise in the bearing cavity increases, and when the inner and outer races rotate in the same direction, the viscosity temperature rise increases faster; (5) The rotational speed of the cage and roller is the principal factor affecting the viscosity temperature rise of the bearing lubricating oil.
Coherent Photoexcitation of Entangled Triplet Pair States
Authors: Musser Andrew , Kim Juno , Bain David , Ding Vivian , Majumder Kanad , Windemuller Dean , Feng Jiaqi , Wu Jishan , Patil Satish , Anthony John , Kim Woojae
Published: December 2023

Functional properties of organic semiconductors are defined by the interplay between optically bright and dark states. Organic devices require rapid conversion between these bright and dark manifolds for maximum efficiency, and one way to achieve this is through multiexciton generation (S1→1TT). The dark state 1TT is typically generated from bright S1 after optical excitation, however the mechanistic details are hotly debated. We report a new 1TT generation pathway in which it can be coherently photoexcited, without any involvement of bright S1. Using <10 fs transient absorption spectroscopy and pumping sub-resonantly, 1TT is directly generated from the ground state. Applying this method to a range of pentacene dimers and thin films of various aggregation types, we determine the critical material properties that enable this forbidden pathway. Through a strikingly simple technique, this result opens the door for new mechanistic insights into 1TT and other dark states in organic materials.
Progressive damage analysis of composite bolted joints based on continuum damage mechanics
Authors: He Boling
Published: December 2023

Based on continuum damage mechanics, progressive damage analysis of composite bolted joints with ply ratios of [(0o)30%/(±45o)60%/(90o)10%] and [(0o)70%/(±45o)20%/(90o)10%] is investigated in this paper. First of all, a new strength criterion is proposed to evaluate the intralaminar (fiber and matrix) and interlaminar damage initiation of composite materials. Then, an exponential material degradation model is adopted to describe the progressive damage process of composite materials. Finally, a continuum damage mechanics model is developed to predict the progressive damage behavior of composite bolted joints with different ply ratios. The predticted results have a good agreement with the experimental values. It is shown that low ±45o ply ratio induces the shear-out failure mode of composite bolted joints, decreasing the load carrying capacity.
On the asymptotic performance of time-delay and Doppler estimation with a carrier modulated by a band-limited signal
Authors: Bernabeu Joan M. , Ortega Lorenzo , Blais Antoine , Grégoire Yoan , Chaumette Eric
Published: December 2023

Time-delay and Doppler estimation is crucial in various engineering fields, being the estimation of these parameters one of the key initial step in the receiver's operational sequence. Due to its importance, several expressions of the CRB and MLE have been derived over the years. However, in all these previous works, it is assumed the wave transmission process introduces an unknown phase which prevents from estimating both time-delay and transmission phase component. In this contribution we revisit this problem under the condition that there are certain practical problems where the transmission phase can be estimated apart, adding this additional measure to the observation model. Then, we rederive a novel MLE under this condition and we provide closed-form expression of the achievable MSE of time-delay and Doppler estimation in the asymptotic region under the band-limited signal condition. Both expression are validated via Monte Carlo simulations. This analysis uncovers five operational regions, refining existing knowledge and providing valuable insights into time-delay estimation theory
Mid-IR Narrow Bandgap Silver Mercury Telluride Alloy Semiconductor Nanocrystal for Self-powered Mid-IR Photodiode
Authors: Jeong Kwang Seob , Song Haemin , Eom So Young , Kim Gahyeon , Jung Yoon Seo , Choi Dongsun , Kumar Gundam , Lee Jin Hyeok , Kang Hyeong Seok , Ban Jiyeon , Seo Gyeong Won , Hwang Gyu Weon , Hong Sungmin , Bae Sooho , Kim Woong
Published: December 2023

Infrared colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have been of interest due to their low-cost fabrication and facile wavelength tunability for various infrared optoelectronic applications. Recently, the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) quantum dot sensor has been successfully realized by forming a photodiode via a post-chemical treatment method. Controlling the doping density of the quantum dot solid and engineering the device structure require an extremely sophisticated technique, which hinders consistent doping density and restricts further development in understanding the fundamental photophysics and manufacturing process. Here, we report an air-stable and highly reproducible MWIR CQD photodiode by incorporating newly synthesized p-doped Ag-HgTe nanocrystals (NCs). The Ag-HgTe alloy NCs allow clearly defined p-doped QD layers, leading to uniform dopant distribution and the ease of engineering device fabrication. By optimizing the doping density, we achieved a 3 mK noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), the lowest value ever reported, at 78 K with the self-powered MWIR photodiode sensor.
Social Communities are Associated with Changing Individual’s Opinion Towards COVID-19 Vaccine on Japanese Twitter
Authors: Takayasu Misako , WU QIANYUN , Sano Yukie , Takayasu Hideki , Havlin Shlomo
Published: December 2023

The vaccine topic has been widely discussed on Twitter since the outbreak of COVID-19. However, the dynamics of temporal opinion shifts at the individual level and the possible reasons of shifts have been little studied. In this paper, we explore the possible influence of social interactions (retweet network) on individual opinion shifts related to vaccinations based on large-scale Twitter data in Japanese. We use an opinion score to measure the dynamic changes of individual opinions and apply dynamic community detection to the retweet network to track changes of communities over time. Then, we combine dynamic opinions and evolving communities to identify the interplay between social interaction and opinion shifts. Our findings suggest that the opinion shifts could be largely influenced by the communities that users are affiliated. Specifically, if users are within the anti-vaccine community, they exhibit a significantly higher likelihood of adopting an anti-vaccine stance. Conversely, if users are linked to pro-vaccine, pet-hobby, or news communities, they exhibit a greater probability of transitioning to a pro-vaccine standpoint. By observing the temporal changes of the influence of communities, after the start of vaccination, the anti-vaccine community’s influence appears to persist with slight drop, while the influence of pro-vaccine, news and pet-hobby communities steadily increased. Our results furnish valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals to better leverage social media for vaccine promotion.
Highly efficient and specific regulation of gene expression using enhanced CRISPR-Cas12f system
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan , Oh Yeounsun , Kim Kee-Pyo
Published: December 2023

The recently developed CRISPR activator (CRISPRa) system uses a CRISPR-Cas effector-based transcriptional activator to effectively control the expression of target genes without causing DNA damage. However, existing CRISPRa systems based on Cas9/Cas12a necessitate improvement in terms of efficacy and accuracy due to limitations associated with the CRISPR-Cas module itself. To overcome these limitations and effectively and accurately regulate gene expression, we developed an efficient CRISPRa system based on the small CRISPR-Cas effector Candidatus Woesearchaeota Cas12f (CWCas12f). By engineering the CRISPR-Cas module, linking activation domains, and using various combinations of linkers and nuclear localization signal sequences, the optimized eCWCas12f-VPR system enabled effective and target-specific regulation of gene expression compared with that using the existing CRISPRa system. The eCWCas12f-VPR system developed in this study has substantial potential for controlling the transcription of endogenous genes in living organisms and serves as a foundation for future gene therapy and biological research.
Nutritional Composition, Antinutritive Compounds, and Starch Properties of Flour from Cassava Varieties Grown in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Wambua Milcah , Mulwa Richard , Nduko John Masani , Matofari Joseph
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to assess the nutritional composition and properties of cassava flour obtained from ten selected cassava varieties grown in Nakuru County, Kenya. The proximate composition, cyanide and phytate content, mineral composition, and nutritional properties of different types of starch were evaluated. The results revealed significant variations (p < 0.05) in nutritional composition and properties. The moisture content of the cassava flour was low (5%), compared to the recommended level of 14% for microbial stability. The main component of cassava flour was carbohydrates (starch) at 86.44%, with low levels of crude fat (0.57%) and protein (3%). Variety MM96/0072 exhibited the highest carbohydrate content, indicating the highest flour yield. Most cassava varieties had cyanide levels within the recommended range of less than 10 mg/kg, except for KME-1, which exceeded this limit. The cassava flour showed low calcium, iron, and zinc content, with their bioavailability being affected by the high phytate levels. The starch analysis indicated high levels of Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) ranging from 36.52–53.01% and low levels of Rapidly Digestible Starch (RDS) ranging from 23.22–35.97%. This suggests that cassava flour contributes to moderate insulin response and promotes satiety. Additionally, cassava flour exhibited significant levels of Resistant Starch (RS), ranging from 4.56–7.23%, which supports its beneficial impact on gastrointestinal health. However, the low protein, fat, and mineral content of cassava flour highlight the need for supplementation to enhance its nutritional quality when used in the formulation of food products.
An Improved Transformer-based Model for Detecting Phishing, Spam, and Ham: A Large Language Model Approach
Authors: Jamal Suhaima , Wimmer Hayden , Sarker Iqbal
Published: December 2023

Phishing and spam detection is a long standing challenge that has been the subject of much academic research. Large Language Models (LLM) have vast potential to transform society and provide new and innovative approaches to solve well-established challenges. Phishing and spam have caused financial hardships and lost time and resources to email users all over the world and frequently serve as an entry point for ransomware threat actors. While detection approaches exist, especially heuristic-based approaches, LLMs offer the potential to venture into a new unexplored area for understanding and solving this challenge. LLMs have rapidly altered the landscape from business, consumers, and throughout academia and demonstrate transformational potential for the potential of society. Based on this, applying these new and innovative approaches to email detection is a rational next step in academic research. In this work, we present IPSDM, an improved phishing spam detection model based on fine-tuning the BERT family of models to specifically detect phishing and spam email. We demonstrate our fine-tuned version, IPSDM, is able to better classify emails in both unbalanced and balanced datasets.
Unraveling the Nature of Sensing in Electrostatic MEMS Gas Sensors
Authors: Shama Yasser , Rahmanian Sasan , Mouharrar Hamza , Abdelrahman Rana , Ahmed Alaaeldin , Abdel-Rahman Eihab
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the fundamental sensing mechanism of electrostatic MEMS gas sensors. It compares among the responsivities of a set of MEMS isopropanol sensors before and after functionalization, and in the presence and absence of electrostatic fields when operated in static and dynamic detection modes. In the static mode, we found that the sensors do not exhibit a measurable change in displacement due to added mass. On the other hand, bare sensors showed a clear change in displacement in response to isopropanol vapor. In the dynamic mode, functionalized sensors showed a measurable frequency shift due to the added mass of isopropanol vapor. In the presence of strong electrostatic fields, the measured frequency shift was found to be threefold larger than that in their absence in response to the same concentration of isopropanol vapor. The enhanced responsivity of dynamic detection allows the sensors to measure the vapor mass captured by the functional material, which is not the case for static detection. The detection of isopropanol by bare sensors in static mode shows that change in the medium permittivity is the primary sensing mechanism. The enhanced responsivity of dynamic mode sensors when operated in strong electrostatic fields shows that their sensing mechanism is a combination of a weaker added mass effect and a stronger permittivity effect. These findings show that electrostatic MEMS gas sensors are independent of the direction of the gravitational field and are, thus, robust to changes in alignment. It is erroneous to refer to them as 'gravimetric' sensors.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promotes immune evasion in tumors by facilitating the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1
Authors: Yahata Takashi , Ibrahim Abd AZIZ , Fujimura Taku , Uno Tomoko , Terada Tomoya , Hirano Ken-ichi , Hosokawa Hiroyuki , Ohta Akio , Miyata Toshio , Ando Kiyoshi
Published: December 2023

Increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in tumors have been found to correlate with poor clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. Here, we demonstrate that via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, PAI-1 induces programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in several types of tumor cells and surrounding cells. Blockade of PAI-1 impeded the induction of PD-L1 in tumor cells, resulting in a significant reduction in immunosuppressive cells at the tumor site and an increase in cytotoxic T-cell infiltration, leading to tumor regression. The anti-tumor effect of a PAI-1 inhibitor was abolished in immunodeficient mice, suggesting that PAI-1 blockade induces tumor regression by stimulating the immune system. Combining a PAI-1 inhibitor with an immune checkpoint inhibitor significantly improved tumor regression. Thus, our study reveals that PAI-1 protects tumors from immune surveillance by increasing PD-L1 expression and suggests that therapeutic PAI-1 blockade may prove valuable in treating malignant tumors.
Survival Trends and Patient Characteristics between 2004 and 2016 for Breast Cancer in Japan Based on the National Clinical Database-Breast Cancer Registry
Authors: Iwamoto Takayuki , Kumamaru Hiraku , Niikura Naoki , Sagara Yasuaki , Miyashita Minoru , Konishi Takaaki , Sanuki Naoko , Tanakura Kenta , Nagahashi Masayuki , Hayashi Naoki , Yoshida Masayuki , Watanabe Chie , Kinukawa Naoko , Toi Masakazu , Saji Shigehira
Published: December 2023

This is a prognostic report by the Japanese Breast Cancer Society on breast cancer extracted from the National Clinical Database-Breast Cancer Registry of Japan. Here, we present a summary of 457,878 breast cancer cases registered between 2004 and 2016. The median follow-up duration was 5.6 years. The median age at the start of treatment was 59 years (5–95%: 38–82 years) and increased from 57 years between 2004 and 2008 to 60 years between 2013 and 2016. The proportion of patients with Stage 0-II disease increased from 74.5–78.3%. The number of cases with estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity increased from 74.8–77.9% and 60.5–68.1%, respectively. Regarding (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy, the taxane or taxane-cyclophosphamide regimen (T/TC) increased by 2.4–8.2%, but the (fluorouracil (F)) anthracycline-C [(F)AC]-T/(F) epirubicin (E)C-T and (F)AC/(F)EC regimens decreased by 18.6–15.2% and 13.5–5.0%, respectively. Regarding (neo-)adjuvant anti-human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2)-targeted therapy, the use of trastuzumab increased from 4.6–10.5%. The rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy increased from 37.1–60.7%, while that of axillary dissection decreased from 54.5–22.6%. Improvements in disease-free and overall survival were observed in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, but there was no apparent trend in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, or triple-negative breast cancers.
Transcriptomic alterations in cortical astrocytes following the development of post-traumatic epilepsy
Authors: Leonard John , Wei Xiaoran , Gudenschwager-Basso Erwin , Li Jiangtao , Harris Elizabeth , Olsen Michelle , Theus Michelle
Published: December 2023

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) stands as one of the numerous debilitating consequences that follow traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite its impact on many individuals, the current landscape offers only a limited array of reliable treatment options, and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and susceptibility factors remains incomplete. Among the potential contributors to epileptogenesis, astrocytes, a type of glial cell, have garnered substantial attention as they are believed to promote hyperexcitability and the development of seizures in the brain following TBI. The current study evaluated the transcriptomic changes in cortical astrocytes derived from animals that developed seizures as a result of severe focal TBI. Using RNAseq and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), we unveil a distinct gene expression profile in astrocytes, including alterations in genes supporting inflammation, early response modifiers, and neuropeptide-amidating enzymes. The findings underscore the complex molecular dynamics in astrocytes during PTE development, offering insights into therapeutic targets and avenues for further exploration.
Illustration of Ranolazine induced Cardioprotection, its possible mechanism of actions & role of adenosine
Authors: Tantray Junaid , Singh Shivam , Sharma Ashish Kumar , Sahu Sanjay Kumar , Singh Ravindra Pal , Sharma Shailesh , Sharma Rajesh Kumar
Published: December 2023

Objectives: This study was to investigate cardioprotective effects of ranolazine and to explore possible secondary mechanisms beyond the cellular studies have demonstrated inhibition of late sodium channel(INaL) leads to reduction in calcium load during cardiac ischemia.
Methods: An animal model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was established using Langendroff’s technique. 20 minutes ischemia and 40 minutes of reperfusion was given to isolated heart as model of myocardial infarction. There were five groups: Control, Ischemic preconditioning, ranolazine(100µmol/L) treatment in perfusate, ranolazine(100µmol/L)+Theophylline(30µmol/L) and ranolazine(100µmol/L)+ Aminophylline(30µmol/L) in perfusate.
Results: Ranolazine found cardioprotection (Infarct Size: 4.79±0.84 compared to control 62.85±8.60; LDH: 73.67±1.33U/L compared to control 102±0.60U/L; CK-MB: 44.83±1.14U/L compared to control 199.33±2.17U/L)
Ischeamic Preconditioning found cardioprotection (Infarct Size: 9.11±0.85 compared to control 62.85±8.60; LDH: 73.17±1.33U/L compared to control 102±0.60U/L; CK-MB: 46.50±1.89U/L compared to control 199.33±2.17U/L)
Ranolazine+Theophylline (Infarct Size: 21.33±1.22compared to ranolazine 4.79±0.84; LDH: 102.00±6.42U/L compared to ranolazine 73.67±1.33U/L; CK-MB: 110.00±3.20U/L as compared to ranolazine 44.83±1.14U/L)
Ranolazine+Aminophylline (Infarct Size: 23.91±0.89as compared to ranolazine 4.79±0.84; LDH: 110.33±4.41as compared to control 73.67±1.33U/L; CK-MB: 117.00±3.47 U/L as compared to ranolazine 44.83±1.14U/L)
Conclusions: As per confirmation Ranolazine and ischemic preconditioning have brought cardioprotection as reduced Infract Size, LDH & CK-MB. Wereas, treatment of L-NAME & Aminoguanine in both increased infract size, LDH & CK-MB. Hence it is proved that ranolazine involves adenosine as secondary messenger in cardioprotection.
Finite difference analysis of slope anchor frame resting on Vlasov Foundation considering influence of friction resistance and axial loads
Authors: Dai Zi-Hang , Yang Jia-Hao , Tang Xue-Feng , Shi Jin-Hua
Published: December 2023

With the development of anchorage technology, slope anchor frames have become a preferential earth-retaining structure in controlling landslides or reinforcing slopes. However, no accurate and highly efficient design calculation method has been proposed. To date, they are usually simplified as cross-foundation beams resting on flat ground without considering the influence of friction resistance and axial loads induced by the tensile forces of anchor bolts. That will lead to a calculation result significantly deviating from the reality. For that, the paper regarded them as the actual cross beams resting on a slope viewed as the accepted Vlasov Foundation. A new concept, the friction-mobilizing ratio, was presented to establish the flexural differential equation of the beams. The finite difference solution to this problem was then proposed. The friction-mobilizing ratio can also be employed to determine and avoid the upclimbing phenomena of a frame. In the meantime, a highly efficient approach for the load share and adjustment at the intersections of the vertical and horizontal beams was presented. The entire computation process can be implemented by the finite difference program developed using MATLAB. The proposed method was validated through the finite element method but is much more efficient than the latter.