bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey Finds Gender Disparities Impact Both Women Mentors and Mentees in Gastroenterology
Authors: Rabinowitz Loren Galler , Grinspan Lauren Tal , Zylberberg Haley M. , Dixon Rebekah , David Yakira N. , Aroniadis Olga C. , Chiang Austin , Christie Jennifer , Fayad Nabil F. , Ha Christina , Harris Lucinda A. , Ko Cynthia W. , Kolb Jennifer , Kwah Joann , Lee Linda , Lieberman David , Raffals Laura E. , Rex Douglas K. , Shah Shailja C. , Siddiqui Uzma D. , Smith Michael S. , Wallace Michael , Williams Renee , Woods Karen , Crowe Sheila E. , Kumta Nikhil A. , Kim Michelle Kang , Greenwald David A.
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Gastroenterologists at all levels of practice benefit from formal mentoring. Much of the current literature on mentoring in gastroenterology is based on expert opinion rather than data. In this study, we aimed to identify gender-related barriers to successful mentoring relationships from the mentor and mentee perspectives.

METHODS:

A voluntary, web-based survey was distributed to physicians at 20 academic institutions across the United States. Overall, 796 gastroenterology fellows and faculty received the survey link, with 334 physicians responding to the survey (42% response rate), of whom 299 (90%; 129 women and 170 men) completed mentorship questions and were included in analysis.

RESULTS:

Responses of women and men were compared. Compared with men, more women preferred a mentor of the same gender (38.6% women vs 4.2% men, P < 0.0001) but less often had one (45.5% vs 70.2%, P < 0.0001). Women also reported having more difficulty finding a mentor (44.4% vs 16.0%, P < 0.0001) and more often cited inability to identify a mentor of the same gender as a contributing factor (12.8% vs 0.9%, P = 0.0004). More women mentors felt comfortable advising women mentees about work-life balance (88.3% vs 63.8%, P = 0.0005). Nonetheless, fewer women considered themselves effective mentors (33.3% vs 52.6%, P = 0.03). More women reported feeling pressured to mentor because of their gender (39.5% vs 0.9% of men, P < 0.0001). Despite no gender differences, one-third of respondents reported negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their ability to mentor and be mentored.

DISCUSSION:

Inequities exist in the experiences of women mentees and mentors in gastroenterology, which may affect career advancement and job satisfaction.
Current Challenges in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridioides difficile Infection in Children
Authors: Nicholson Maribeth R. , Hourigan Suchitra K. , Conrad Maire , Goyal Alka , Jensen Kyle , Kelsen Judith , Kennedy Melissa , Weatherly Madison , Kahn Stacy A.
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:

The impact of the 2019 US Food and Drug Administration safety alert involving transmission of multidrug resistant organisms through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of FMT in children, is unknown.

METHODS:

A survey of pediatric gastroenterologists performing FMT for Clostridioides difficile infection was conducted.

RESULTS:

Of 36 respondents, 17 (47%) and 30 (83%) changed their FMT practices related to the US Food and Drug Administration safety alert and COVID-19 pandemic, respectively, with 22 (61%) of programs halted.

DISCUSSION:

The US Food and Drug Administration safety alert and COVID-19 pandemic have substantially influenced the availability and access of FMT for children.
Man, Woman, Child
Authors: Kahn Rebecca
Published: June 2021

This paper is concerned with the ethical aspects of museum metadata. These are not always immediately evident when working with the metadata related to museum objects, although, I will argue, they are embedded in the object, accumulated at each phase of its journey into the institution; and continue to accumulate while it is part of a collection. This takes place against a backdrop of new development and possibilities afforded by digital technologies for building connections between and across heritage collections online, which can result in these complicated metadata potentially entering the data ecosystem. This eventuality, I will argue, has ethical and technical implications which need to be considered and understood through the theoretical lenses of critical data studies, museum informatics and the growing calls from museum scholars and others to decolonisation of museum collections. Using a small collection of drawings from the Pitt Rivers Museum of Anthropology and World Archaeology at the University of Oxford, I will demonstrate how difficult museum metadata can be buried deep in museum documentation, and how this data, once brought to the surface by digitisation, can expose the trauma of a collection’s origins. I will go on to ask whether the current models used to share heritage data online are appropriate mechanisms for materials with such sensitive histories, and ask how best to handle them in the increasingly digital future.
Towards an outline of central and southern Portugal potamonymy
Authors: Rocha Carlos
Published: June 2021

Within the set of river names of Portugal, those of the northwest usually stand out because of their archaism. However, rivers located to the south of the Mondego basin and the Central System are no less interesting, as they reveal great etymological heterogeneity, ranging from a few that fit into the pre-Latin substrates to several names that underwent Arabization between the 8th and 13th centuries. Several items also stand out, which are more recent and result from the expansion of the Galician-Portuguese dialects to the south, in the context of the medieval Christian conquest and colonization. This article, which draws on previous research (ROCHA, 2017), sets out an outline of the central and southern Portuguese potamonym by classifying each item etymologically and ascribing them to the stratigraphy and the history of transmission of the current toponymy in the territory in point.
Toponymic commodification and the neoliberal city
Authors: Jayo Martin , Tavares Lima Adriana
Published: June 2021

After being practiced for nearly three decades in the city of São Paulo for privately-owned venues such as cinemas, theaters and, more recently, sports stadiums, the sale of naming rights is being applied to state-owned spaces: in April 2020, the Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo (Cia. do Metrô) announced a plan to grant to private exploitation the right to name its stations. This article analyzes this plan, its premises and expectations. It concludes that, while a series of conflicts related to the memory of the city and its spatial landmarks have been identified by recent studies on toponymic commodification and suggested by the city’s antecedents on this matter, such conflicts do not seem to be considered in the plan’s agenda.
humour of Brazilian northeastern’s anthroponomy
Authors: Castro Lopes Shara Lylian
Published: June 2021

This article aims to analyze the functioning of Northeastern names as elements of humor in virtual texts. The corpus of analysis consists of two posts of northeastern humor profiles on social network Instagram: Suricate Seboso (greasy suricate) and Bode Gaiato (mocking goat). The analytical process considers Discourse Analysis theoretical premises and considers concepts such as discursive memory, as in Courtine (1999, 2014), Robin (2016) and Paveau (2005) and discursive ethos, as in Maingueneau (2008a, 2018, 2020). Since these notions are directly linked to anthroponomic onomastics regarding historical and social facts related to language, I also consider the work by Leite de Vasconcelos (1928) as organized in Carvalhinhos (2007). The conclusions point to a functioning of the Northeastern names in this type of discourse as elements of humor linked to different memories, which present a shift in the naming processes, for example by updating patronymics.
Notas arquegenealógicas sobre o uso de máscara na pandemia
Authors: Braga Santana Sarah Carime , Guimarães Tavares Silva Antoniel , Batista Pereira Anísio
Published: June 2021

A constituição de sujeitos no período pandêmico do COVID-19 se insere em uma rede de modos de subjetivação que resgatam práticas discursivas singulares ao analisar as relações entre o uso de máscaras e a produção de sentidos na/pela história. Objetiva-se analisar, por meio da descrição de enunciados, como o uso de máscaras produz efeitos de subjetividade e identidade para a constituição de um sujeito no crivo dos estudos discursivos. Seleciona-se como corpus de análise alguns enunciados recortados da reportagem digital publicada no site da UOL em 05 de junho de 2020 com o título Do Anonymous ao covid, uso de máscaras vai mudar a lógica de nossas relações, de Christian Dunker. Para tanto, este trabalho se baseia nos estudos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, especialmente sobre as contribuições de Michel Foucault e alguns analistas do discurso contemporâneos. O procedimento teórico-metodológico se conduz pela descrição e análise das condições de possibilidade discursiva de determinados sentidos inscritos na história e nas relações sociais com fulcro na perspectiva arquegenealógica e ética da existência. Assim, o uso de máscaras constitui um sujeito na relação entre enunciados e os jogos de verdade do individual ao coletivo na produção de subjetividades.
Resistência e pandemia pela lente da mídia jornalística eletrônica brasileira
Authors: Older Sanches Hoster
Published: June 2021

A partir da historicidade da pandemia da Covid-19, o artigo apresenta uma investigação discursiva sobre possíveis emergências de práticas de resistência enunciadas no discurso de mídias jornalísticas brasileiras que circulam na internet. As sequências enunciativas constitutivas do corpus são, predominantemente, de ordem imagética e foram coletadas entre os dias oito e vinte e cinco de abril de dois mil e vinte. Optou-se pelo recorte histórico por corresponder ao início da pandemia no Brasil e também ao início das medidas restritivas de isolamento social. Recorrendo à metodologia de análise discursiva arquegenealógica, buscou-se compreender como os espaços públicos foram discursivizados por essas mídias em tempos de pandemia durante o período histórico recortado. Outro objetivo foi conhecer as condições de possibilidade que permitem ou não a prática de resistências à norma discursiva pandêmica em espaços públicos enunciados nas mídias jornalísticas. Ademais, analisaram-se as formações discursivas que atravessam os espaços públicos e que podem possibilitar condição de existência de práticas de resistência. Concluiu-se que o discurso midiático materializa os efeitos de um dispositivo de segurança de funcionamento capilar, porém mostra as formações discursivas política e econômica possibilitando resistência às normas pandêmicas ao promover a aglomeração de indivíduos.
O discurso bolsonarista sobre o viés ideológico na pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Duarte Ferreira Eric , Agnoletto Ana Cristina , Tischer Seraglio Maruana Kássia
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, apresentamos uma análise do discurso político do presidente Bolsonaro em relação à atuação da OMS no combate ao coronavírus. Para isso, seguimos pela esteira de conceitos-chave da Análise de Discurso de orientação franco-brasileira: ideologia, memória, formação discursiva e governamentalidade. O objetivo é examinar como se produzem os efeitos de sentido relacionados à composição da marca discursiva do “viés ideológico” no pronunciamento do sujeito presidente durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Buscamos compreender como a discursividade antiglobalista se materializa na fala do presidente, imprimindo ao “viés ideológico” sentidos que seriam filiados à esquerda do espectro político brasileiro, contra os quais o sujeito governante se opõe.
Máquinas de guerra e sua potência revolucionária
Authors: Soares Mantovani Amanda , Costa Amorim Marcelo Vinicius
Published: June 2021

Considerando a potência revolucionária e as singularidades das diversas máquinas de guerra, almejamos discorrer acerca da escrita enquanto objeto e foco do presente estudo. Pensando com e a partir da filosofia de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, e também acionando ferramentas de análise advindas da arqueogenealogia de Michel Foucault, como sujeito, relações de poder e práticas de resistência, vislumbramos perceber e depreender de que maneira(s) a escrita pode ser prática de resistência e técnica de afirmação da vida. Para tanto, não nos lançaremos a análises de uma materialidade específica privilegiando uma noção ou ‘conceito’, mas ora ou outra traremos sequências enunciativas a fim de exemplificar como a máquina de guerra escrita detém condições revolucionárias e inventivas, funcionando como uma resposta às condições de adoecimento e morte em tempos contemporâneos. Desse modo, utilizaremos as produções-escrita de Manoel de Barros e de Luiza Romão por acreditarmos que são legítimas máquinas de guerra e que, cada qual em seu próprio fluxo, protagonizam operações enquanto literatura menor, com suas intensidades e efeitos de sentido próprios, traçando seus processos e lutas políticas em jogos de experimentação.
Espaço híbrido e o protagonismo da hashtag
Authors: Lourenço Costa Júlia
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como interesse principal promover uma reflexão científica acerca da relação estabelecida entre a tecnologia - implicada no desenvolvimento dos meios de comunicação - e a política, tendo como foco o uso da linguagem nos movimentos sociais digitais. A partir do mirante da Linguística, e mais especificamente das teorias do discurso (PAVEAU, 2017, 2917a), procuraremos compreender o funcionamento dos processos linguístico-discursivos que operam como força motriz dos movimentos sociais e políticos atuais marcados pelo ajustamento aos dispositivos dos novos suportes comunicacionais. Abordaremos, sobretudo a hashtag, procurando compreendê-la como impulsionadora da maior percepção do espaço híbrido (CASTELLS, 2017), que se estabelece entre o ambiente digital e o espaço urbano (DIAS, 2016, 2018).
Can Undergraduate Research Participation Reduce the Equity Gap?
Authors: Bhattacharyya Prajukti , Chan Catherine W. M.
Published: June 2021

Undergraduate research (UGR), one of several high-impact practices (HIPs) in education, can positively impact student retention and graduation rates. However, not all students take advantage of UGR opportunities, with fewer students from underrepresented minority groups, those with first-generation status, and students eligible for a Pell grant or federally subsidized loan. We obtained retention and graduation data from our Office of Institutional Research and Planning for all UGR participants for academic years 2009–2010 to 2016–2017. We specifically focused on data for UGR participants from underrepresented demographics that historically have lower retention and graduation rates than those of the overall student body. We created Sankey-like ribbon diagrams to analyze the characteristics of UGR participants, whether they participated in UGR for 1 year or longer, their class standings when they started UGR, retention rates for 1st- and 2nd-year students for the year following their UGR participation, and graduation rates for all participants. Our data show that irrespective of demographics, students who participated in UGR were significantly more likely to persist in college and graduate within 6 years compared to students who did not. Persistence and success in college may depend on students’ socioeconomic status, sense of belonging, and other factors. Assessing the impact of a single HIP, such as UGR, on retention and graduation rates, can, therefore, be complicated. However, our study indicates that UGR participation can significantly improve persistence and success for students traditionally considered “at-risk,” irrespective of their socioeconomic status, family background, or class standing.. This information can be important for campus leaders and other stakeholders interested in facilitating student success and reducing the equity gap by incorporating UGR in more students’ college experiences. We describe our analytical methods and discusses our findings. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of Sankey-like diagrams for visualizing and analyzing large programmatic data sets, and as a tool for communicating program impacts to a general audience.
Anticoagulant Activity of Mangrove (Avicennia alba) Leaves Extract in Vitro
Authors: Rusyiana Riza , Lestarini Ima Arum , Hamdin Candra Dwipayana , Muliasari Handa
Published: June 2021

Anti-coagulants are substances used to prevent the formation of thromboembolism, one of the causes of cardiovascular disease. Since cardiovascular is a disease as the leading cause of death in the world, exploration of novel and more effective anticoagulant is very needed. Mangroves contain flavonoid and sulphated polysaccharide compounds that potential as anti-coagulants. This study aimed to determine the anti-coagulant activity of ethanol extract and fractions of mangrove leaves (Avicennia alba) in human blood cells in vitro. A. alba leaves were collected at Teluk Ekas, East Lombok, Indonesia. The leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol (3x24h) and then evaporated. The extract was then fractionated to obtain the n-hexane, chloroform, and residual fractions. Anti-coagulant activity of ethanol extract and the three fractions were tested in vitro to five human blood samples by the method of Lee-White and Eustrek, compared to heparin as a positive control. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract indicated that A. alba leaves extract contains alkaloids, tannin, saponin, flavonoids, sulphated polysaccharide, and terpenoid. The results of Lee-White method were the ethanol extract (1 mg.mL-1), and three fractions (0.5 mg.mL-1) have anti-coagulant activity. Statistical analysis showed that the anti-coagulant activity of the ethanol extract was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to the normal group and fractions and were not significantly different (P>0.05) compared to heparin. Ethanol extract and the three fractions of A. alba leaves have anti-coagulant activity in vitro. The anti-coagulant activity of ethanol extract (1 mg.mL-1) was comparable to heparin (25 IU) and was better than the three extract fractions (0.5 mg.mL-1). Further research is needed to test the anticoagulant activities of isolated sulphated polysaccharides and flavonoid that can be developed as anticoagulant agents.
Bioecology of coral reef in Panjang Island of Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Suryono Suryono , Ambariyanto Ambariyanto , Munasik Munasik , Wijayanti Diah Permata , Ario Raden , Pratikto Ibnu , Taufiq-Spj Nur , Canavaro Syahrial V. , Anggita Tiara , Sumarto Bayu Kreshna Adhitya , Cullen Justin
Published: June 2021

Coral reefs currently are suffered from natural factors along with increasing anthropogenic activity. Panjang Island, a small reef island located in Jepara Regency, may also be experiencing such conditions. Therefore, this work was aimed to observe the condition of the coral cover of Panjang Island. Line intercept transect was applied to survey the coral cover and mortality index from fourteen stations. Insitu data consisted of the bottom substrate composition of the reefs and the physical parameters of the sea. The secondary data, i.e. coral reef area maps from 2001 to 2019 were taken from Landsat Image 7 and 8, data of wind were obtained from www.ogimet.com, while tidal data were collected from BMKG. The bathymetry was determined from the Geospatial Information Agency data, salinity global analysis forecast Phy 001.024 (CMEMS). Sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll-a distribution were analyzed using ENVI software. The result showed that Panjang Island has a poor to the moderate condition of hard coral.  Two out of six categories of abiotic and dead coral were found to be high. The mortality index of coral was in the high category (average 0.52). During research periods the sea waters were characterized by high sea surface temperature (29.34-30.94°C), chlorophyll-a was also tended to be high (0-2.65 mg.m-3), and an average of salinity was high 32 ‰. The weak currents came to all sides of the island, therefore the coral reef was not exposed to extreme currents. The waves came from the east, then the energy decreases after being blocked by coral reefs on the eastern side of the island, so that coral reefs in the northeast and south sides were safer to be exposed. The results suggest that hydrodynamic ecology directly or indirectly affected the percentage of coral cover and mortality index at the reefs of Panjang Island.
Analysis of Characteristics and Turbulent Mixing of Seawater Mass in Lombok Strait
Authors: Yuliardi Amir Yarkhasy , Atmadipoera Agus S. , Harsono Gentio , N. Natih Nyoman Metta , Ando Kentaro
Published: June 2021

The Lombok Strait, as one of the outlet straits, is part of the ITF route, which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean. There is a sill in the Lombok Strait, which is a place for internal wave generation. Leg-1 data from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology in collaboration with the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology which is part of the Tropical Ocean Climate Study Expedition including CTD Yoyo and ADCP taken using ship vehicles R/V Kaiyo. CTD Snapshot from PUSHIDROSAL using the KRI Spica 934 vehicle part of the Opssurta Baruna Jaya 2 Expedition. Determination of seawater mass stratification with the criteria for the thermocline layer is ≥ 0.05 °C.m-1. Four types of water masses were identified, Java Sea, mixed seawater mass (Java Sea - ITF) which occurred diapycnal mixing, North Pacific Subtropical Water (NPSW) and North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW). The seawater mass stratification in the Lombok Strait based on temperature, salinity and density which are seen to follow the internal tidal pattern. The average values for energy dissipation and vertical diffusivity for each layer and replication were 5.73 x 10-7 W.Kg-1 and 3.67 x 10-2 m2.s-1 for CTD Yoyo and 2.25 x 10-6 W.Kg-1 and 7.38 x 10-2 m2.s-1 for CTD Snapshot. The value obtained is greater than the open ocean and straits in other studies. The high shear value confirms this in the thermocline layer. The Richardson gradient value> 0.25 is relatively constant in the thermocline layer.
Accounting Concepts in Company Law
Authors: Seehausen Jesper
Published: June 2021

Taking as a starting point Peter Hommelhoff’s argumentation that accounting law is, in many respects, linked to company law, the purpose of this article is to discuss one perspective of the links between accounting law and company law: accounting concepts in company law. After a brief outline of the existing EU legislation on accounting and a discussion on whether accounting law is part of company law, some examples of accounting concepts in company law – i. e. examples of accounting concepts that have been ‘implemented’ in company law – are discussed, drawing on the Consolidated Company Law Directive (CCLD) and the Shareholder Rights Directive (SRD 2) as well as the International Accounting Standards (IAS) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). These examples are related party transactions, consideration other than in cash and fair value, serious loss of the subscribed capital as well as a few other examples. It is also discussed whether accounting concepts in company law are a ‘good’ or a ‘bad’ thing. Balancing the pros and cons, in the author’s opinion, it is mostly positive that accounting concepts are used in company law in areas where this makes sense – and hence, in the author’s opinion, accounting concepts in company law are mainly a ‘good’ thing.
Correlation between obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy outcomes: an overview
Authors: Zehravi Mehrukh , Maqbool Mudasir , Ara Irfat
Published: June 2021

Obesity has been identified mainly as a raise in the body’s adiposity leading to prolonged overshoot of caloric intake over expenditure. Obesity has significant health-altering implications which have been shown to be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of other diseases through its extensive physiological assaults. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been an increasing epidemic worldwide. The number of obese births was even on the increase, with an increasing number of women of reproductive age registering as obese. Obesity is related to adverse perinatal outcomes and increased morbidity and mortality in pregnant women. The potential risk for multiple antenatal, postpartum, intrapartum, and neonatal complications is maternal obesity. Greater risk of developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), pre-eclampsia, risk of venous embolism, increased need for labor induction, and cesarean sections in the mother have been recorded in a comprehensive analysis of pregnancy complications associated with obesity. The link between obesity, gestational diabetes, and pregnancy outcomes will be briefly shown in this article.
A four-year review of uterine rupture at a secondary health facility in Okitipupa, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Olumide Akadiri , Oluwaseun Ibitoye B. , Lawrence Akintan A. , Olugbemi Olaniyan T. , Ramon Omotayo S.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Uterine rupture in pregnancy is an obstetric emergency especially in developing countries associated with a significant increase in maternal plus perinatal mortality and morbidity. There is a need to identify the prevalence together with underlining factors which could guide effective intervention. Hence, the study aimed at determining the prevalence of uterine rupture, predisposing factors, management options plus clinical presentation at Secondary Health Facility in Okitipupa, South West Nigeria.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of patients with a uterine rupture from January 2009 to December 2012 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology State Specialist Hospital Okitipupa. The case records of patients in this period were retrieved from the medical health records department and relevant data of sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, management as well as maternal and perinatal outcome were collated using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 10.

Results

Of the 11,377 deliveries during the study period a total of 52 uterine ruptures were recorded during the same period making an incidence of 0.46% or a ratio of 1:219 deliveries. Most of the patients 28 (60.9%) were 20–30 years of age. Uterine rupture was more common amongst multiparous women 36 (78.3%). None was a primigravida. The majority of the patients 34 (73.9%) were nonattendants at the antenatal clinic. The commonest single predisposing factor was the presence of a previous scar being present in 12 (26.1%) of the patients. The most common surgery performed for uterine rupture in the series was repair only 24 (52.2%). There is an absence of uterine rupture in primigravida supports the belief that primigravida is somehow immune to rupture.

Conclusions

Rupture of the gravid uterus is a major contributor to maternal and perinatal mortality in Okitipupa Southwest Nigeria.
„Verbalaspekt“ und Textfunktion bei Otfrid
Authors: Fleißner Fabian
Published: June 2021

Althochdeutsche Verbalkomposita mit dem Präfix gi- und zugehörige Simplexverben werden traditionell mit der grammatischen Kategorie des Aspekts in Zusammenhang gebracht, woraus sich einige textpragmatische Konsequenzen zumindest theoretisch ableiten lassen. Dieser Beitrag soll zeigen, dass weder eine solche Funktionszuweisung noch die Annahme textueller Distributionsmuster geeignet sind, um den Gegensatz von Simplex und Kompositum adäquat zu beschreiben. Stattdessen wird eine funktionale Opposition angenommen, wobei die Präfigierung Ausdruck der Perspektive ist, die der Sprecher gegenüber einem wahrnehmbaren Effekt der Verbalhandlung einnimmt.1
Das Konzept der Zivilisation in den Jahren um den Ersten Weltkrieg
Authors: Rosenberger Sebastian
Published: June 2021

In diesem Beitrag sollen das Konzept der ‹Zivilisation› und, damit zusammenhängend, das der ‹Kultur› im nationalistischen Diskurs im ersten Viertel des 20. Jahrhunderts anhand ausgewählter Texte von Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Oswald Spengler und Thomas Mann diskurslexikographisch analysiert werden. Dabei wird die Frage im Vordergrund stehen, wie die jeweils spezifische Autor- bzw. Textsemantik in eine diskurssemantische Beschreibung überführt werden kann.
Continuum Modeling Perspectives of Non-Fourier Heat Conduction in Biological Systems
Authors: Sudár Ákos , Futaki Gergely , Kovács Róbert
Published: June 2021

The thermal modeling of biological systems is increasingly important in the development of more advanced and more precise techniques such as ultrasound surgery. One of the primary barriers is the complexity of biological materials: the geometrical, structural, and material properties vary in a wide range. In the present paper, we focus on the continuum modeling of heterogeneous materials of biological origin. There are numerous examples in the literature for non-Fourier thermal models. However, as we realized, they are associated with a few common misconceptions. Therefore, we first aim to clarify the basic concepts of non-Fourier thermal models. These concepts are demonstrated by revisiting two experiments from the literature in which the Cattaneo–Vernotte and the dual phase lag models are utilized. Our investigation revealed that these non-Fourier models are based on misinterpretations of the measured data, and the seeming deviation from Fourier’s law originates from the source terms and boundary conditions.
Long-standing taxonomic confusion over the identity of Hypudaeus syriacus Brants, 1827, at last resolved
Authors: Kryštufek Boris , Shenbrot Gregory , Janžekovič Franc
Published: June 2021

In this study we address the taxonomic identity of Hypudaeus syriacus, an arvicoline (Arvicolinae) from the Middle East which was described and named by Anton Brants in 1827. Although the type specimen is preserved, an exact conclusion regarding its identity was not achieved until recently. Currently, syriacus is reported as a synonym of Microtus socialis. Our analysis of the M1 occlusal pattern has convincingly demonstrated that the type clusters with the European snow vole Chionomys nivalis and does not match any species of Microtus from the Middle East. H. syriacus predates Arvicola nivalis Martins, 1842, which is in use for the European snow vole and is therefore the oldest available name for the species. Under the provision specified by Article 23.9.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, syriacus is not a forgotten name (nomen oblitum) because several authors writing after 1899 used it as a valid name. Referring to the principle of priority, as stipulated in the Code, the valid name combination for the European snow vole is Chionomys syriacus (Brants, A. (1827). Het geslacht der muizen door Linneaus opgesteld, volgens de tegenswoordige toestand der wettenschap in familien, geslachten en soorten. Akademische Boekdrukkery, Berlyn [Berlin]). We restrict the type locality for syriacus to Mount Sanine in the Mount Lebanon range, northern Lebanon.
On topological properties of hierarchical hypercube network based on Ve and Ev degree
Authors: Zahra Nida , Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Grid implementation is a principal unit in electrical and electronic engineering but it depends on the domain of these projects. For example, depending on the grid and the signal processing in that fields of electronic and electrical engineering, such as more abstract mathematics in signal conversion and e-transmission theory griding, etc. Provides transmission through grid nodes. Graph theory is very useful in research fields. As topological indices, there are more actual numbers associated with chemical composition complaints connected to the chemical grid with physical and chemical properties and reactions. In this paper, we expand the work to interconnected grid and examine the first Zagreb, the second Zagreb, Randic, sum-connectivity, harmonic, geometric, and atom bond connectivity exponents of hierarchical hypercube network based on vertex-edge and edge-vertex degree.
Chemical similarity methods for analyzing secondary metabolite structures
Authors: Ekaney Lena Y. E. , Eni Donatus B. , Ntie-Kang Fidele
Published: June 2021

The relation that exists between the structure of a compound and its function is an integral part of chemoinformatics. The similarity principle states that “structurally similar molecules tend to have similar properties and similar molecules exert similar biological activities”. The similarity of the molecules can either be studied at the structure level or at the descriptor level (properties level). Generally, the objective of chemical similarity measures is to enhance prediction of the biological activities of molecules. In this article, an overview of various methods used to compare the similarity between metabolite structures has been provided, including two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) approaches. The focus has been on methods description; e.g. fingerprint-based similarity in which the molecules under study are first fragmented and their fingerprints are computed, 2D structural similarity by comparing the Tanimoto coefficients and Euclidean distances, as well as the use of physiochemical properties descriptor-based similarity methods. The similarity between molecules could also be measured by using data mining (clustering) techniques, e.g. by using virtual screening (VS)-based similarity methods. In this approach, the molecules with the desired descriptors or /and structures are screened from large databases. Lastly, SMILES-based chemical similarity search is an important method for studying the exact structure search, substructure search and also descriptor similarity. The use of a particular method depends upon the requirements of the researcher.
Accumulation and health effects of metals in selected urban groundwater
Authors: Adeniyi Adeleke , Giwa Olayiwola
Published: June 2021

The contamination of water sources as a result of man’s activities is of concern because of its potential impact on the health of humans. Samples of groundwater were collected from four households within metropolitan Lagos between the months of April and August, 2019. The samples were analyzed for cadmium, calcium, iron, lead, manganese and zinc using atomic absorption spectrometry. Structured questionnaire was administered to the residents in households where the water samples were collected. Results obtained were compared with global background values and WHO guidelines for drinking water. The pH values ranged from 5.16 ± 0.26 to 5.29 ± 0.44, whereas, the control pH values were within the WHO guidelines of 6.5–8.5. The concentrations (mg/L) ranged from 2.04 ± 1.01–23.48 ± 8.81 (calcium); 3.35 ± 1.94–3.60 ± 2.25 (iron); 0.31 ± 0.42–0.47 ± 0.51 (manganese) and 0.27 ± 0.04–0.77 ± 0.69 (zinc), respectively. Cadmium and lead were not detected. The health risk indices (HRI) values were found to be in the order of Fe > Zn > Mn and were below the threshold value of 1. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to ascertain statistical significant differences of metal concentrations in the four locations. Metal pollution source control and periodic water quality monitoring is recommended.
Quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and sector field ICP-MS: a comparison of analytical methods for the quantification of As, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, and U in drinking water
Authors: Hernández-Mendoza Héctor , Lara-Almazán Nancy , Kuri-Cruz Abraham , Romero-Guzmán Elizabeth Teresita , Ríos-Lugo María Judith
Published: June 2021

A comparison was carried out between quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) detection and sector field ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS) detection for quantification of elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and uranium (U) in drinking water. A drinking water sample obtained from the International Atomic Energy Agency was used for validation measurement methods. ICP-QMS and ICP-SFMS obtained recoveries of 95–107% and 95–105%, respectively. Moreover, the relative standard deviation for ICP-QMS was <5% in comparison with ICP-SFMS, which was <2%. The limits of detection obtained in ICP-MS and ICP-SFMS for each element were under ng L−1, except for Zn. Both methods were applied to evaluate these elements in drinking water for consumption in Mexico. According to Mexican Regulation for Human Drinking Water NOM-201-SSA1-2015 and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from the United States, the values are within the allowable limits. In conclusion, ICP-QMS and ICP-SFMS are excellent choices for measurements of these toxic elements in water samples because of high precision and accuracy in routine analysis minutes, while also exhibiting excellent precision and accuracy in routine analysis.
Contribution of the volatile components from fresh egg, adult female and male of Pestarella tyrrhena
to odour production
Authors: Odukoya Johnson Oluwaseun , Kayitesi Eugenie , Mphahlele Mokgadi Precious , Mungho Tata Charlotte , Njinkoue Jean Michel , Gouado Inocent , Ikhile Monisola Itohan , Ndinteh Derek Tantoh
Published: June 2021

Shrimps, including Pestarella tyrrhena
, are highly susceptible to deterioration whereas odour production has been indicated as one of the factors determining the perishability and bait potential of shrimps. In this study, volatile components generated from fresh egg, adult female and male of P. tyrrhena were assessed using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry to understand their contribution to odour production. Alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, a ketone, acids, esters, an amine, sulphur-containing and miscellaneous compounds were detected. Meanwhile, adult females and males of P. tyrrhena had a higher number of these volatile compounds. The detection of 2-methyl propan-1-ol with pungent odour only in the male sample of P. tyrhenna suggests that the male of this shrimp species may not completely attract fishes to hooks. Overall, the study established shrimp developmental stage and sex as additional factors influencing the production of volatile compounds, flavour/aroma/odour and fishing bait attributes of P. tyrrhena. Detection of N-nitrosodimethylamine (a carcinogen) in the shrimp samples, particularly the adult male, calls for caution in their direct human consumption and use as fishing bait.
Statusbericht zum Frauenanteil in der Volkswirtschaftslehre an deutschen Universitäten
Authors: Friebel Guido , Fuchs-Schündeln Nicola , Weinberger Alisa
Published: June 2021

In diesem Artikel stellen wir die Ergebnisse einer ersten systematischen Erhebung des Frauenanteils in der Volkswirtschaftslehre an deutschen Universitäten auf allen Karriereebenen dar. Unsere Zahlen verdeutlichen, dass Frauen auf allen Stufen unterrepräsentiert sind. Dabei fällt der Frauenanteil von der Assistenzprofessur zur „vollen“ Professur stark ab: Nur 15 Prozent der volkswirtschaftlichen Lehrstühle werden von Frauen besetzt. In Österreich und der Schweiz ist der Frauenanteil unter den Professuren ähnlich niedrig, in den meisten anderen europäischen Ländern jedoch höher. Der Frauenanteil variiert erheblich zwischen den Forschungsfeldern und ist besonders gering in den Bereichen Makroökonomie und Finanzen. Wir weisen auf potentielle Ursachen, Konsequenzen und Maßnahmen hin, um dem Problem der geringen Repräsentation von Frauen in unserer Profession entgegenzuwirken.
Scoping review of the risk factors and time frame for development of post-traumatic hydrocephalus
Authors: Hannah Emily M. , Zyck Stephanie , Hazama Ali , Krishnamurthy Satish
Published: June 2021

Post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may develop within or beyond the acute phase of recovery. Recognition and subsequent treatment of this condition leads to improved neurologic outcomes. In this scoping review, we identify statistically significant demographic, clinical, radiographic, and surgical risk factors as well as a predictive time frame for the onset of PTH in order to facilitate timely diagnosis. Two researchers independently performed a scoping review of the PubMed and Cochrane databases for articles relevant to risk factors for PTH. Articles that met inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent qualitative analysis. Twenty-seven articles were reviewed for statistically significant risk factors and a proposed time frame for the onset of PTH. Variables that could serve as proxies for severe brain injuries were identified as risk factors. The most commonly identified risk factors included either very young or old age, intracranial hemorrhage including intraventricular hemorrhage, hygroma, and need for decompressive craniectomy. Although the timeframe for diagnosis of PTH varied widely from within one week to 31.5 months after injury, the first 50 days were more likely. Established risk factors and timeframe for PTH development may assist clinicians in the early diagnosis of PTH after TBI. Increased consistency in diagnostic criterion and reporting of PTH may improve recognition with early treatment of this condition in order to improve outcomes.
Francesco Salviati’s Lamentation for Venice and the Origins of the Disegno/Colorito Debate
Authors: Biffis Mattia
Published: June 2021

The Lamentation over the Dead Christ is unquestionably one of the most important works that Francesco Salviati produced during the roughly 18 months that he spent in Venice between 1539 and 1540. Yet, despite its importance, scholars have seldom discussed in any detail the work and its significance to Salviati’s famous sojourn in northern Italy. Recognizing Francesco’s physical presence in the work, this essay reconsiders this painting as an emphatic statement on the local school of painting. This provocative visual statement is related to the artist’s experience in the city, serving as a gauge of his negative attitude to the local environment, which is confirmed by his own remark that living in Venice “was not for men of drawing.” The Lamentation appears therefore as an early critical contribution in the form of an altarpiece to the long-standing debate over disegno and colorito.
Beletristické reprezentace Zdislavy z Lemberka
Authors: Čuřín Michal
Published: June 2021

Fiction dedicated to St. Zdislava of Lemberk created in the 20th and 21st centuries in connection with the increased interest in this medieval noblewoman in the periods close to its beatification and canonization became the starting point for this analysis. The text contemplates the essential motives, which defined her image in the so-called second life. While the findings of the historical science about Zdislava of Lemberk is limited to the few sources that depict the character of this person only in fleeting outlines, fiction offers alarge number of alternative depictions of the saint, which correspond to the contemporary social situation and beliefs and expectations of individual authors. Through the analysis of the complete production dedicated to Zdislava of Lemberk, three motivic areas were established, which proved to be the most frequently represented in fiction and which also correspond to the attributes and areas of interest usually attributed to her. This is an area of family constellations, nationality and origins and expressions of exceptionality.
Jednotky SA v Liberci v letech 1938–1945
Authors: Poloprudská Eliška
Published: June 2021

This study contemplates the establishment, development and organization of the Sturmabteilung (SA) strike units in Liberec, the capital of the Sudetenland. Based on archival sources and periodicals, it provides a general overview of the people who decided to join the SA, what their training consisted of, and how wide was the range of activities typical for strike units. As political soldiers, members of the SA fully supported the NSDAP and participated in political events that were closely linked to National Socialism. However, their activities in collections, public works of all kinds or their own sports activities cannot be overlooked. In conclusion, the study deals with the deployment of SA members as the part of the Wehrmacht and in the rear, where they participated in the training of German men for war, until the formation of the militia, which included not only the last in the homeland SA-men, but also all their material.
Biogenic sinking particle fluxes and sediment trap collection efficiency at Ocean Station Papa
Authors: Estapa Margaret , Buesseler Ken , Durkin Colleen A. , Omand Melissa , Benitez-Nelson Claudia R. , Roca-Martí Montserrat , Breves Elly , Kelly R. P. , Pike Steve
Published: June 2021

Comprehensive field observations characterizing the biological carbon pump (BCP) provide the foundation needed to constrain mechanistic models of downward particulate organic carbon (POC) flux in the ocean. Sediment traps were deployed three times during the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing campaign at Ocean Station Papa in August–September 2018. We propose a new method to correct sediment trap sample contamination by zooplankton “swimmers.” We consider the advantages of polyacrylamide gel collectors to constrain swimmer influence and estimate the magnitude of possible trap biases. Measured sediment trap fluxes of thorium-234 are compared to water column measurements to assess trap performance and estimate the possible magnitude of fluxes by vertically migrating zooplankton that bypassed traps. We found generally low fluxes of sinking POC (1.38 ± 0.77 mmol C m–2 d–1 at 100 m, n = 9) that included high and variable contributions by rare, large particles. Sinking particle sizes generally decreased between 100 and 335 m. Measured 234Th fluxes were smaller than water column 234Th fluxes by a factor of approximately 3. Much of this difference was consistent with trap undersampling of both small (<32 μm) and rare, large particles (>1 mm) and with zooplankton active migrant fluxes. The fraction of net primary production exported below the euphotic zone (0.1% light level; Ez-ratio = 0.10 ± 0.06; ratio uncertainties are propagated from measurements with n = 7–9) was consistent with prior, late summer studies at Station P, as was the fraction of material exported to 100 m below the base of the euphotic zone (T100, 0.55 ± 0.35). While both the Ez-ratio and T100 parameters varied weekly, their product, which we interpret as overall BCP efficiency, was remarkably stable (0.055 ± 0.010), suggesting a tight coupling between production and recycling at Station P.
A Preliminary Study of Fabrication Technology for Dynamic Compression Plates Using Centrifugal Casting Process
Authors: Nasution A.K. , Gustiani D. , Handoko A. , Mukhtar  , Zulkarnain  , Arafat A. , Idris M.H. , Ramlee M.H.
Published: June 2021

The high cost of health services in low-income countries has caused them to produce implants and medical devices at low cost. This research highlights a preliminary study of the design concept, mould design, and fabrication of horizontal type centrifugal casting machines for the manufacture of dynamic compression plates materials. Normally, dynamic compression plate is produced from materials such as 316L stainless steel, cobalt, and titanium alloys. In this work, aluminium-silicon alloy was used in this preliminary study. Aluminium-silicon alloy was melted at a temperature of 730 °C and poured into a mould with a rotational speed of 1500 rpm. Tensile, hardness and microstructure investigation were carried out to discern the mechanical properties of the cast product from the horizontal type centrifugal casting machine. Results showed the measured value of tensile strength is not significantly different in the two zones of cast pipe, the butt zone of fall of molten metal (specimen A) was 147 MPa, and the butt-end zone (specimen B) was 142 MPa. The hardness value for the as-cast pipe obtained from the outside, middle, and inside, was 104.0, 92.9, and 80.3 HV, respectively. Evaluation of microporosity in fractures (from tensile test) results from horizontal type centrifugal castings showed a small distribution. Meanwhile, the calculation of the contour hole processing time for DCP with eight holes is 38 minutes per implant.