bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vocational special needs teachers promoting inclusion in Finnish vocational education and training
Authors: Ryökkynen Sanna , Räty Kaisa
Published: November 2022

The role of Finnish vocational special needs teachers has changed during the last decades according to work-life needs and inclusive ambitions in education. In addition to substance competence, teachers need pedagogical knowledge and special education skills. This study investigates descriptions by Finnish vocational special needs teachers of the interaction with students who receive intensive learning support, and the study traces their opportunities to support the students in vocational colleges, work life, and society, and thus inclusion. We ask: (RQ1) How do vocational special needs teachers describe students with special educational needs (SEN) and their interaction with them? (RQ2) What in the vocational special needs teachers’ descriptions promotes the students’ membership in the vocational education and training (VET) system, in the world of work, and society in general, thus inclusion? We interviewed nine vocational special needs teachers who work as class leaders in VET colleges which provide intensive special support for students. The analysis of the interview data followed the principles of qualitative content analysis, and a category analysis was applied as a methodological tool to elaborate on the teachers’ descriptions. The findings revealed three themes: (1) Students’ profiles; (2) Interaction with the students; (3) Students’ special needs. The participants of the study described the students and the interaction with them mainly in learning situations, but simultaneously they had a strong will to encourage the students’ interaction also in different situations and circumstances, and thus, support the students’ subjective and social growth. The study argues that to promote inclusion in VET it would be essential to acknowledge that the identity of vocational teachers is based not only on their identity as educational or vocational specialists but there is also a third domain which could be seen as a teacher agent’s role as they construct a bridge between the college and real world.
«Рэвалюцыя ў хаце»: малоизвестный случай «шумного духа» на хуторе Вербники Минского района в 1930-х годах
Authors: Butov Ilya
Published: November 2022

The article presents the information about the supernatural phenomenon on the Verbniki farm in the Minsk district of the Minsk region, the details of which the author collected during 2017–2022. A possible dating of the event is given, its main characters are shown together with the peculiarities of the course and getting rid of the attacks of a demonological character who has a pronounced poltergeist function. The sociocultural background of the late 1930s, which could lead to an increase in religious and mystical sentiments in the society, is taken into account. It is shown that now the stories that are discussed in the article are beginning to be strongly mythologized even in the settlements that are located next to the scene of the incident, but only by the younger generation. It is demonstrated that the periphery of the ethno-cultural phenomenon arises already in the villages that are located next to Verbniki, making it difficult to study the central core of the plot and further determine the degree of its transformation.
Nitrogen fertilizer amount has minimal effect on rhizosphere bacterial diversity during different growth stages of peanut
Authors: Yang Zheng , Li Lin , Zhu Wenjuan , Xiao Siyuan , Chen Siyu , Liu Jing , Xu Qian , Guo Feng , Lan Shile
Published: November 2022

The impact of short-term nitrogen fertilizer input on the structure and diversity of peanut rhizosphere microbiota (RM) at different growth stages (GSs) was explored in the southern paddy soil planting environment. Three levels of nitrogen were applied in the field: control (LN, 0 kg/hm2), medium nitrogen (MN, 55.68 kg/hm2), and high nitrogen (HN, 111.36 kg/hm2). The rhizosphere soil was collected during four GSs for high-throughput sequencing and chemical properties analysis. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on peanut RM was minimal and was obvious only at the seedling stage. In the four peanut GSs, a significant increase in relative abundance was observed for only one operational taxonomic unit (OTU) of Nitrospira under HN conditions at the seedling stage and mature stage, while there was no consistent change in other OTUs. The difference in RM among different peanut GSs was greater than that caused by the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. This may be due to the substantial differences in soil chemical properties (especially alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, pH, and available potassium or total potassium) among peanut GSs, as these significantly affected the RM structure. These results are of great value to facilitate deeper understanding of the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on peanut RM structure.
Cranial osteology, taxonomic reassessment, and phylogenetic relationships of the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) turtle Trinitichelys hiatti (Paracryptodira)
Authors: Rollot Yann , Evers Serjoscha W. , Pierce Stephanie E. , Joyce Walter G.
Published: November 2022

We describe the skull of the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) baenid turtle Trinitichelys hiatti using micro-computed tomography to provide new insights into the cranial anatomy of basal baenids and into the evolution of paracryptodires. We show that the validity of Trinitichelys hiatti vs Arundelemys dardeni still holds true, that the most basal known baenids for which skull material is known share an intriguing combination of features that are typical of either Pleurosternidae or Baenidae, and that the carotid system of Trinitichelys hiatti is intermediate to that of pleurosternids and more advanced baenids. Our expanded phylogenetic analysis confirms the traditional placement of Arundelemys dardeni, Lakotemys australodakotensis, and Trinitichelys hiatti as basal baenids, retrieves Helochelydridae along the stem of Baenoidea, but recovers Dinochelys whitei, Glyptops ornatus, Dorsetochelys typocardium, and Uluops uluops as basal branching Paracryptodira.
Unified methods in collecting, preserving, and archiving coral bleaching and restoration specimens to increase sample utility and interdisciplinary collaboration
Authors: Vega Thurber Rebecca , Schmeltzer Emily R. , Grottoli Andréa G. , van Woesik Robert , Toonen Robert J. , Warner Mark , Dobson Kerri L. , McLachlan Rowan H. , Barott Katie , Barshis Daniel J. , Baumann Justin , Chapron Leila , Combosch David J. , Correa Adrienne MS , DeCarlo Thomas M. , Hagedorn Mary , Hédouin Laetitia , Hoadley Kenneth , Felis Thomas , Ferrier-Pagès Christine , Kenkel Carly , Kuffner Ilsa B. , Matthews Jennifer , Medina Mónica , Meyer Christopher , Oster Corinna , Price James , Putnam Hollie M. , Sawall Yvonne
Published: November 2022

Coral reefs are declining worldwide primarily because of bleaching and subsequent mortality resulting from thermal stress. Currently, extensive efforts to engage in more holistic research and restoration endeavors have considerably expanded the techniques applied to examine coral samples. Despite such advances, coral bleaching and restoration studies are often conducted within a specific disciplinary focus, where specimens are collected, preserved, and archived in ways that are not always conducive to further downstream analyses by specialists in other disciplines. This approach may prevent the full utilization of unexpended specimens, leading to siloed research, duplicative efforts, unnecessary loss of additional corals to research endeavors, and overall increased costs. A recent US National Science Foundation-sponsored workshop set out to consolidate our collective knowledge across the disciplines of Omics, Physiology, and Microscopy and Imaging regarding the methods used for coral sample collection, preservation, and archiving. Here, we highlight knowledge gaps and propose some simple steps for collecting, preserving, and archiving coral-bleaching specimens that can increase the impact of individual coral bleaching and restoration studies, as well as foster additional analyses and future discoveries through collaboration. Rapid freezing of samples in liquid nitrogen or placing at −80 °C to −20 °C is optimal for most Omics and Physiology studies with a few exceptions; however, freezing samples removes the potential for many Microscopy and Imaging-based analyses due to the alteration of tissue integrity during freezing. For Microscopy and Imaging, samples are best stored in aldehydes. The use of sterile gloves and receptacles during collection supports the downstream analysis of host-associated bacterial and viral communities which are particularly germane to disease and restoration efforts. Across all disciplines, the use of aseptic techniques during collection, preservation, and archiving maximizes the research potential of coral specimens and allows for the greatest number of possible downstream analyses.
Control of Arm Robot Based on Finger Motion
Authors: Bintang Salman , Sari Ressy Dwitias , Waluyo Bakti Dwi
Published: November 2022

Robotics is a constantly evolving field nowadays. A robot is a mechanical device that can perform physical tasks while being controlled and supervised by humans. Several robots have been created to perform risky tasks impossible for humans to act directly. The robot arm is one of the most popular types. In this project, it is proposed to control a robot arm using finger and hand movements. However, the traditional way of gesture control employs sensor-based gloves to track motion, which is time and energy-intensive due to its weight. To overcome this problem, using vision for motion tracking can be the most suited method at hand currently. The ML-based computer vision method provides real-time landmarks on different hand points. With these landmarks, we can calculate various mathematical parameters that can be used to control the robot arm. Movements that are landmarked are processed and formulated using mathematical parameters. The final output of mathematical parameters is fed to the microcontroller. Signals from the microcontroller will be the desired input signal to the motors. The rotation of the robot arm is controlled using the movement of the human arm. This project’s end application is like human operation in dull, dirty, and dangerous environments. The project’s primary goal is to protect those who come into direct contact with these environments. Bomb defusing, painting, welding, and other applications are a few examples of where this project is helpful.
Damp-Heat Effects on Short Circuit Current, Open Circuit Voltage and Efficiency into Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Modules in Tropical Zone
Authors: Capo-Chichi Minadohona Maxime , Madogni Vianou Irenée , Kouchadé Clément Adéyèmi , Hounkpatin Géraud Florentin , Agbomahéna Marcaire , Kounouhewa Basile
Published: November 2022

Photovoltaic solar modules, for their operation are necessarily exposed outdoors and subject to the inclinations of nature. These include: temperature, heat, moisture, wind, dust, sun ultraviolet rays etc. Each of these inclinations acts differently on the PV modules operation, contributing to affect its electrical parameters namely the short circuit current, the open circuit voltage, the form factor, the efficiency, the power etc. Several researchers have studied the behavior of these electrical parameters in different climatic zones around the world and have produced diverse results. The present study concerns the behavior of the module electrical parameters namely the short circuit current, the open circuit voltage and the efficiency of the PV module when exposed to outdoor conditions in the tropical zone under the effect of Damp Heat. For this, we simulated over a period of forty years, using the analytical degradation models of Peck, Braisaz and calculation methods from which we established new degradation models. These degradation models being a function of relative humidity and temperature, we used data from synoptic stations to see the impact of Damp Heat on the three electrical parameters involved. The results obtained vary from 2.86 - 7.14% for the short circuit current, 0.43-0.66% for the open circuit voltage and 7.75-19.44% for the efficiency over the study period. To validate the analytical models used, we used the experimental Damp Heat test results. The results obtained to compare with those obtained in the literature are conclusive and reveal the impact of the tropical zone (severe climatic conditions) on the electrical parameters of the module studied. So, future researches on crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar module can be effect of Damp-Heat on the photocurrent, saturation current and ideality factor in tropical zone.
Intestinal Helminthiases among School Children in the Sahelian and Sudanian Zones of Chad: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Samafou Kemba , Jacques Nack , Gaël Oyono Martin , Alio Hamit Mahamat , Félix Bilong Bilong Charles
Published: November 2022

Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of intestinal helminthiases in school children in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of Chad.

Study Design:  Cross-sectional and descriptive.

Place and Duration of Study: September 2021 to February 2022 in two of Chad's three ecological zones: the Sudanian and Sahelian zones.

Methodology: A total of 1408 stool samples were collected from school children (aged from 5 to 18 years) in 19 schools; 13 of which were in the Sudanian zone and 6 in the Sahelian zone. The analysis of these samples was carried out by the Kato-Katz method, for the detection and quantification of intestinal helminths eggs.

Results: Analysis of these samples revealed the presence of 9 helminths taxa, with an overall infestation rate of 35.87% in both zones. Ascaris lumbricoides (16.41%), Schistosoma mansoni (14.00%) and Hymenolepis nana (6.53%) were the most common helminths found. Pupils in the Sudanian zone were relatively more infested than those in the Sahelian zone, except for Taenia saginata and Ascaris lumbricoides which were more often found in the Sahelian zone. With the exception of Enterobius vermicularis, no other difference in infestation rates was observed between age groups. By gender, the only significant difference in infestation rates was noted for Schistosoma mansoni for which girls were more parasitized.

Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of these parasitoses in Chad and that poor hygiene favors the endemicity and persistence of these helminthiases; it also points to the need for a national helminthiases control program.
Effects of Damp-heat on Shunt, Series Resistances and Fill Factor into Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Modules in Tropical Zone
Authors: Capo-Chichi Minadohona Maxime , Madogni Vianou Irenée , Kouchadé Clément Adéyèmi , Hounkpatin Géraud Florentin , Agbomahéna Macaire , Kounouhewa Basile
Published: November 2022

Most solar module manufacturers guarantee the minimum performance of their modules for 20 to 25 years. But some time after their installation, one observes faults which appear on the various components of these modules. During long-term exposure to severe climatic conditions, these faults, which accumulate over time, lead to performance losses of the module. This performance degradation is due to several factors such as humidity, temperature, heat, irradiation etc. These factors cause various degradation processes which can be electrical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, etc. The tropical zone, the middle of our study being characterized by high heat and humidity, has definite impacts on the electrical parameters of photovoltaic modules. The electrical parameters degradation is among others cause of photovoltaic modules performance loss. This study purpose is to study the degradation of the shunt resistance, the series resistance and the form factor of photovoltaic modules installed in tropical areas in order to appreciate their impact on the performance loss of the latter. For that, we used Peck performance degradation analytical model and Braisaz degradation analytical models of shunt resistance and the series resistance to calculate over a period of forty years, in real conditions in the tropical environment, the degradation of these electrical parameters of the photovoltaic module. The results obtained are compared to those obtained during the Hulkoff experimental tests in the state of Miami in Florida in 2009. The degradation rates obtained in the six cities concerned by the study vary between 17.33-35.67% for resistance shunt, between 3.77-7.55% for the series resistance and between 8-19% for the fill factor. In addition, these electrical parameters degradation rates obtained experimentally by Hulkoff and taken up by [1], are respectively 35.14% for the shunt resistor, 9.43% for the series resistor and 3.03% for the fill factor over the study period.

So, future researches on crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar module can be effect of Damp-Heat on short circuit current and open circuit voltage in tropical area.
Similarity Analysis Between SAR Target Images Based on Siamese Network
Authors: Park Ji-Hoon
Published: November 2022

Different from the field of electro-optical(EO) image analysis, there has been less interest in similarity metrics between synthetic aperture radar(SAR) target images. A reliable and objective similarity analysis for SAR target images is expected to enable the verification of the SAR measurement process or provide the guidelines of target CAD modeling that can be used for simulating realistic SAR target images. For this purpose, this paper presents a similarity analysis method based on the siamese network that quantifies the subjective assessment through the distance learning of similar and dissimilar SAR target image pairs. The proposed method is applied to MSTAR SAR target images of slightly different depression angles and the resultant metrics are compared and analyzed with qualitative evaluation. Since the image similarity is somewhat related to recognition performance, the capacity of the proposed method for target recognition is further checked experimentally with the confusion matrix.
The Fathering Debate
Authors: Du Plessis Rosemary
Published: November 2022

In May 2000, at the invitation of the Christchurch branch of NZAP, Rosemary Du Plessis contributed a paper exploring the sociological realities of fathering and fatherlessness to a panel discussion entitled 'The Contextual Realitiesof Psychotherapy in the New Millennium'. Members of NZAP working from a variety of theoretical foundations were later invited to respond to the implications of this paper for psychotherapists, their clients and the work of psychotherapy. The paper and members' responses to it follow.

In the last decade there has been a considerable amount of writing about 'fatherlessness', 'father hunger' and 'fatherhood'. Fathering activists have argued that issues relating to fathering are challenges that individuals, families, communities, political parties, state bureaucrats and those in the helping professions must confront in 'the new millennium'. This paper examines some recent assertions offered in the United States and in New Zealand about a fathering 'crisis' and appropriate responses to it. The aim is to highlight some issues associated with fathering and fatherlessness that may be relevant to those working as psychotherapists at the beginning of a new century. A long-term interest in the policies of gender provides a background to the discussion of fathering politics offered in this paper.
Concordance Between Patient-Reported Health Data and Electronic Health Data in the ADAPTABLE Trial
Authors: O’Brien Emily C. , Mulder Hillary , Jones W. Schuyler , Hammill Bradley G. , Sharlow Amber , Hernandez Adrian F. , Curtis Lesley H.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Patient-reported health data can facilitate clinical event capture in pragmatic clinical trials. However, few data are available on the fitness for use of patient-reported data in large-scale health research.

Objective

To evaluate the concordance of a set of variables reported by patients and available in the electronic health record as part of a pragmatic clinical trial.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Data from ADAPTABLE (Aspirin Dosing: A Patient-Centric Trial Assessing Benefits and Long-term Effectiveness), a pragmatic clinical trial, were used in a concordance substudy of a comparative effectiveness research trial. The trial randomized 15 076 patients with existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in a 1:1 ratio to low- or high-dose aspirin from April 2016 through June 30, 2019.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Concordance of data was evaluated from 4 domains (demographic characteristics, encounters, diagnoses, and procedures) present in 2 data sources: patient-reported data captured through an online portal and data from electronic sources (electronic health record data). Overall agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and κ statistics with 95% CIs were calculated using patient report as the criterion standard for demographic characteristics and the electronic health record as the criterion standard for clinical outcomes.

Results

Of 15 076 patients with complete information, the median age was 67.6 years (range, 21-99 years), and 68.7% were male. With the use of patient-reported data as the criterion standard, agreement (κ) was high for Black and White race and ethnicity but only moderate for current smoking status. Electronic health record data were highly specific (99.6%) but less sensitive (82.5%) for Hispanic ethnicity. Compared with electronic health record data, patient report of clinical end points had low sensitivity for myocardial infarction (33.0%), stroke (34.2%), and major bleeding (36.6%). Positive predictive value was similarly low for myocardial infarction (40.7%), stroke (38.8%), and major bleeding (21.9%). Coronary revascularization was the most concordant event by data source, with only moderate agreement (κ = 0.54) and positive predictive value. Agreement metrics varied by site for all demographic characteristics and several clinical events.

Conclusions and Relevance

In a concordance substudy of a large, pragmatic comparative effectiveness research trial, sensitivity and chance-corrected agreement of patient-reported data captured through an online portal for cardiovascular events were low to moderate. Findings suggest that additional work is needed to optimize integration of patient-reported health data into pragmatic research studies.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02697916
Multiple Yellowish Plaques in a Cobblestone Pattern on the Tongue
Authors: Rozas-Muñoz Eduardo , Venegas-Rebolledo Oscar , Madariaga Juan-Andres
Published: November 2022

A man in his 80s presents with multiple yellowish to erythematous papules and verrucous cobblestone-like plaques on the mucosal surface on both sides of his tongue. What is your diagnosis?
Transitions in Health Insurance During the Perinatal Period Among Patients With Continuous Insurance Coverage
Authors: Jeung Chanup , Attanasio Laura B. , Geissler Kimberley H.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Although health insurance continuity is important during the perinatal period to improve birth outcomes and reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, insurance disruptions are common. However, little is known about insurance transitions among insurance types for individuals who remained insured during the perinatal period.

Objective

To examine insurance transitions for birthing individuals with continuous insurance, including those with Medicaid and Medicaid managed care coverage, before, during, and after pregnancy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 data from the Massachusetts All-Payer Claims Database. The sample included deliveries from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, to birthing individuals aged 18 to 44 years old with continuous insurance for 12 months before and after delivery. Data were analyzed from November 9, 2021, to September 2, 2022.

Exposure

Insurance type at delivery.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was a binary indicator of any transition in insurance type from 12 months before and/or after delivery. The secondary outcomes were measures of any predelivery transition (12 months before delivery month) and any transition during the postpartum period (delivery month to 12 months post partum). Multivariate logit regression models were used to analyze the association of an insurance transition in the perinatal period with insurance type in the delivery month, controlling for age and socioeconomic status based on a 5-digit zip code.

Results

The analytic sample included 97 335 deliveries (mean [SD] maternal age at delivery, 30.4 [5.5] years). Of these deliveries, 23.4% (22 794) were insured by Medicaid and 28.1% (27 347) by Medicaid managed care in the delivery month. A total of 37.1% of the sample (36 127) had at least 1 insurance transition during the 12 months before and/or after delivery. In regression-adjusted analyses, those individuals covered by Medicaid and Medicaid managed care at delivery were 47.0 (95% CI, 46.3-47.7) percentage points and 50.1 (95% CI, 49.4-50.8) percentage points, respectively, more likely to have an insurance transition than those covered by private insurance. Those covered by Marketplace plans at delivery had a 33.1% (95% CI, 31.4%-34.8%) regression-adjusted predicted probability of having a postpartum insurance transition.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this study showed that insurance transitions during the perinatal period occurred for more than 1 in 3 birthing individuals with continuous insurance and were more common among those with Medicaid or Medicaid managed care at delivery. Further research is needed to examine the role of insurance transitions in health care use and outcomes during the perinatal period.
Association of Promoting Housing Affordability and Stability With Improved Health Outcomes
Authors: Chen Katherine L. , Miake-Lye Isomi M. , Begashaw Meron M. , Zimmerman Frederick J. , Larkin Jody , McGrath Emily L. , Shekelle Paul G.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Housing insecurity—that is, difficulty with housing affordability and stability—is prevalent and results in increased risk for both homelessness and poor health. However, whether interventions that prevent housing insecurity upstream of homelessness improve health remains uncertain.

Objective

To review evidence characterizing associations of primary prevention strategies for housing insecurity with adult physical health, mental health, health-related behaviors, health care use, and health care access.

Evidence Review

Pairs of independent reviewers systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, EconLit, and the Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network for quantitative studies published from 2005 to 2021 that evaluated interventions intended to directly improve housing affordability and/or stability either by supporting at-risk households (targeted primary prevention) or by enhancing community-level housing supply and affordability in partnership with the health sector (structural primary prevention). Risk of bias was appraised using validated tools, and the evidence was synthesized using modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria.

Findings

A total of 26 articles describing 3 randomized trials and 20 observational studies (16 longitudinal designs and 4 cross-sectional quasi–waiting list control designs) were included. Existing interventions have focused primarily on mitigating housing insecurity for the most vulnerable individuals rather than preventing housing insecurity outright. Moderate-certainty evidence was found that eviction moratoriums were associated with reduced COVID-19 cases and deaths. Certainty of evidence was low or very low for health associations of other targeted primary prevention interventions, including emergency rent assistance, legal assistance with waiting list priority for public housing, long-term rent subsidies, and homeownership assistance. No studies evaluated health system–partnered structural primary prevention strategies.

Conclusions and Relevance

This systematic review found mixed and mostly low-certainty evidence that interventions that promote housing affordability and stability were associated with improved adult health outcomes. Existing interventions may need to be paired with other efforts to address the structural determinants of health. As health care systems and insurers respond to increasing opportunities to invest in housing as a determinant of health, further research is needed to clarify where along the housing insecurity pathway interventions should focus for the most effective and equitable health impact.
Addressing Burnout in Surgery—Where Did the Yabba Dabba Doo Go?
Authors: Lamberton Tessa J. J. , Dissanaike Sharmila , de Virgilio Christian
Published: November 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the lack of work-life balance in surgery, particularly that surgeons are expected to be ready to work even when they are not in the operating room.
Mental Health Care Utilization Among Children and Adolescents With a Firearm Injury
Authors: Oddo Elizabeth R. , Simpson Annie N. , Maldonado Lizmarie , Hink Ashley B. , Andrews Annie L.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Firearm injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among US children and adolescents. Despite evidence demonstrating mental health sequelae for children and adolescents who have experienced a firearm injury, little is known about mental health care utilization after a firearm injury.

Objective

To evaluate mental health care utilization in the 12 months after a firearm injury among Medicaid-insured and commercially insured children and adolescents compared with propensity score–matched controls.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This propensity score–matched retrospective cohort analysis assessed 2127 children and adolescents, aged 0 to 17 years, with a firearm injury that occurred between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, compared with 2127 matched controls using MarketScan Medicaid and commercial claims data. Claims data were analyzed 12 months before and after injury, with the total study period spanning from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018.

Exposure

Nonfatal firearm injury.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome of interest was a dichotomous variable representing any mental health care utilization in the 12 months after injury. Secondary outcomes included psychotherapy utilization, substance use–related utilization, and a psychotropic medication prescription. Logistic regression modeling was used to estimate relative risks with adjusted analyses of dichotomous outcomes.

Results

The overall cohort consisted of 4254 children and adolescents, of whom 2127 (mean [SD] age, 13.5 [4.1] years; 1722 [81.0%] male) had an initial encounter for a firearm injury and an equal number of matched controls (mean [SD] age, 13.5 [4.1] years; 1720 [80.9%] male). Children and adolescents with a firearm injury had a 1.40 times greater risk (95% CI, 1.25-1.56; P < .001) of utilizing mental health services in the 12 months after their injury compared with children and adolescents without a firearm injury, after controlling for potential confounders. Children and adolescents with a firearm injury had a 1.23 times greater risk (95% CI, 1.06-1.43; P = .007) of utilizing psychotherapy and a 1.40 times greater risk (95% CI, 1.19-1.64; P < .001) of substance use–related utilization. Among those who experienced a firearm injury, Black children and adolescents were 1.64 times more likely (95% CI, 1.23-2.19; P < .001) to utilize mental health care compared with White children and adolescents.

Conclusions and Relevance

This propensity score–matched cohort study found that children and adolescents with a firearm injury had a greater risk of utilizing mental health services in the 12 months after their injury compared with those without an injury, and significant racial disparities were associated with use of mental health services. The findings suggest that health care practitioners should be aware of this increased risk and ensure adequate mental health follow-up for these patients.
Electroacupuncture vs Sham Electroacupuncture in the Treatment of Postoperative Ileus After Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Yu , Yang Jing-Wen , Yan Shi-Yan , Lu Yun , Han Jia-Gang , Pei Wei , Zhao Jing-Jie , Li Zhi-Kai , Zhou Hang , Yang Na-Na , Wang Li-Qiong , Yang Ying-Chi , Liu Cun-Zhi
Published: November 2022

Importance

Despite the adoption of the optimized Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol, postoperative ileus (POI) severely impairs recovery after colorectal resection and increases the burden on the health care system.

Objective

To assess the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in reducing the duration of POI with the ERAS protocol.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled trial was conducted in China from October 12, 2020, through October 17, 2021. There was a 1:1 allocation using the dynamic block random method, and analyses were by intention to treat. Patients 18 years or older undergoing laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer for the first time were randomly assigned to treatment group by a central system.

Interventions

Patients were randomly assigned to 4 sessions of EA or sham electroacupuncture (SA) after surgery. All patients were treated within the ERAS protocol.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the time to first defecation. Secondary outcomes included other patient-reported outcome measures, length of postoperative hospital stay, readmission rate within 30 days, and incidence of postoperative complications and adverse events.

Results

A total of 249 patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups. After the exclusion of 1 patient because of a diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis, 248 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.2 [11.4] years; 153 men [61.7%]) were included in the analyses. The median (IQR) time to first defecation was 76.4 (67.6-96.8) hours in the EA group and 90.0 (73.6-100.3) hours in the SA group (mean difference, −8.76; 95% CI, −15.80 to −1.73; P = .003). In the EA group compared with the SA group, the time to first flatus (median [IQR], 44.3 [37.0-58.2] hours vs 58.9 [48.2-67.4] hours; P < .001) and the tolerability of semiliquid diet (median [IQR], 105.8 [87.0-120.3] hours vs 116.5 [92.0-137.0] hours; P = .01) and solid food (median [IQR], 181.8 [149.5-211.4] hours vs 190.3 [165.0-228.5] hours; P = .01) were significantly decreased. Prolonged POI occurred in 13 of 125 patients (10%) in the EA group vs 25 of 123 patients (20%) in the SA group (risk ratio [RR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.95; P = .03). Other secondary outcomes were not different between groups. There were no severe adverse events.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this randomized clinical trial demonstrated that in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer with the ERAS protocol, EA shortened the duration of POI and decreased the risk for prolonged POI compared with SA. EA may be considered as an adjunct to the ERAS protocol to promote gastrointestinal function recovery and prevent prolonged POI after surgery.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2000038444
Post‐prostatic‐massage urine exosomes of men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome carry prostate‐cancer‐typical microRNAs and activate proto‐oncogenes
Authors: Schneider Laura , Dansranjav Temuujin , Neumann Elena , Yan Hang , Pilatz Adrian , Schuppe Hans‐Christian , Wagenlehner Florian , Schagdarsurengin Undraga
Published: November 2022

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) has a high prevalence of up to 15% and accounts for 90–95% of prostatitis diagnoses, and yet its etiopathogenesis and link to prostate cancer (PCa) are still unclear. Here, we investigated microRNAs in exosomes isolated from blood and post‐prostatic‐massage urine of CP/CPPS type IIIb patients and healthy men. THP‐1 monocytes (human leukemia monocytic cell line) were treated with exosomes and subjected to mRNA arrays “Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Crosstalk” and “Transcription Factors.” Using The Cancer Genome Atlas, the expression of CP/CPPS‐associated microRNAs was analyzed in PCa and normal prostate tissue. In silico functional studies were carried out to explore the disease ontology of CP/CPPS. In CP/CPPS, urine exosomes exhibited significant upregulation of eight PCa‐specific microRNAs (e.g., hsa‐miR‐501, hsa‐miR‐20a, and hsa‐miR‐106), whose target genes were significantly enriched for GO terms, hallmark gene sets, and pathways specific for carcinogenesis. In THP‐1 monocytes, CP/CPPS‐derived urine exosomes induced upregulation of PCa‐associated proinflammatory genes (e.g., CCR2 and TLR2) and proto‐oncogene transcription factors (e.g., MYB and JUNB). In contrast, CP/CPPS‐derived blood exosomes exhibited molecular properties similar to those of healthy men. Thus, CP/CPPS exhibits molecular changes that constitute a risk for PCa and should be considered in the development of PCa biomarkers and cancer screening programs.
Impact of flexible noise control (FNC) image processing parameters on portable chest radiography
Authors: Kirby Krystal M. , Ren Liqiang , Daly Timothy R. , Tandon Yasmeen K. , Bartholmai Brian J. , Schueler Beth A. , Long Zaiyang
Published: November 2022

There is a lack of understanding in the performance of flexible noise control (FNC) processing, which is used in digital radiography on a scanner vendor and has four parameters each involving multiple options. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of FNC on portable chest imaging. An anthropomorphic chest phantom was imaged using a clinical chest program with 85 kV and five radiation dose levels at 40″ source‐to‐image distance with software‐based scatter reduction method. All images were processed without and with FNC. Noise analysis was performed in two regions of interest (ROI) on subtracted noise‐only images, and line profiles were generated through a lung‐rib interface. In addition, noise power spectra (NPS) analysis was performed in solid water phantoms of 10 and 20 cm thicknesses, using the same acquisition program and a range of dose levels. Last, feedback on retrospectively deidentified, reprocessed, and randomized clinical images from 20 portable chest exams was gathered from two thoracic radiologists. Noise reduction performances of FNC were demonstrated, with the level depending on specific FNC parameters, dose levels, ROI placement, and phantom sizes. Higher frequency textural patterns were revealed through the NPS analysis, which varied based on FNC parameters, dose levels, and phantom sizes. Overall, the vendor default parameter FGA0.5 yielded the highest noise reduction and textural artifacts. Radiologist feedback showed consistent preference of no FNC due to the presence of textural artifacts in the FNC‐processed images. An algorithm improvement to avoid introducing artifacts would be desired.
Actively Triggerable Metals via Liquid Metal Embrittlement for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Feig Vivian R. , Remlova Eva , Muller Benjamin , Kuosmanen Johannes L. P. , Lal Nikhil , Ginzburg Anna , Nan Kewang , Patel Ashka , Jebran Ahmad Mujtaba , Bantwal Meghana Prabhu , Fabian Niora , Ishida Keiko , Jenkins Joshua , Rosenboom Jan‐Georg , Park Sanghyun , Madani Wiam , Hayward Alison , Traverso Giovanni
Published: November 2022

Actively triggerable materials, which break down upon introduction of an exogenous stimulus, enable precise control over the lifetime of biomedical technologies, as well as adaptation to unforeseen circumstances, such as changes to an established treatment plan. Yet, most actively triggerable materials are low‐strength polymers and hydrogels with limited long‐term durability. By contrast, metals possess advantageous functional properties, including high mechanical strength and conductivity, that are desirable across several applications within biomedicine. To realize actively triggerable metals, a mechanism called liquid metal embrittlement is leveraged, in which certain liquid metals penetrate the grain boundaries of certain solid metals and cause them to dramatically weaken or disintegrate. In this work, it is demonstrated that eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), a biocompatible alloy of gallium, can be formulated to reproducibly trigger the breakdown of aluminum within different physiologically relevant environments. The breakdown behavior of aluminum after triggering can further be readily controlled by manipulating its grain structure. Finally, three possible use cases of biomedical devices constructed from actively triggerable metals are demonstrated.
Backpack electrofishing does not contribute to external signs of gas bubble trauma in sculpins
Authors: Tiffan Kenneth F. , Eller Nicole J.
Published: November 2022

We exposed prickly sculpin Cottus asper and reticulate sculpin Cottus perplexus to electroshock and sham treatments in a controlled laboratory setting to determine if backpack electrofishing contributed to or exacerbated external signs of gas bubble trauma (GBT) in fish exposed to elevated total dissolved gas (TDG) levels. Fish were exposed to 115, 120 and 125% TDG (measured as percent of saturation) for various amounts of time (24–144 h) then subjected to a 5‐s electroshock or sham treatment of no electroshock. Fish were examined to determine the incidence of GBT pre‐ and post‐treatment, and all aspects (i.e., dorsal, ventral, left and right sides) of each fish were photographed. Across all TDG levels in all trials, no sculpin showed any change in GBT incidence following treatment. Analysis of GBT signs evident in photographs of 68 fish found no evidence of change in mean pre‐ and post‐treatment gas bubble sizes in fish in any TDG trial, nor were any new gas bubbles found following treatment. We are aware of no physiological mechanism by which backpack electrofishing can cause GBT in sculpin, and as such, we believe using this gear should not increase GBT incidence rates in sculpin.
Crop rotation and tillage impact yield performance of soybean, sorghum, and wheat
Authors: Simão Luana M. , Peterson Dallas , Roozeboom Kraig L. , Rice Charles W. , Du Juan , Lin Xiaomao , Lollato Romulo P.
Published: November 2022

The benefits of no‐till to crop yield depend on environment and crop sequence; thus, understanding their interactions is a long‐term process. This 44‐year field experiment examined grain yield, yield stability, and adaptability of continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Ct‐WT), continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] (Ct‐SY), continuous grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (Ct‐GS), soybean–winter wheat rotation (SY‐WT), and soybean‐grain sorghum rotation (SY‐GS) under three tillage systems (NT, no‐tillage; RT, reduced tillage; CT, conventional tillage) near Ashland Bottoms, KS. The temporal variation across the studied years allowed us to evaluate treatments under low‐ and high‐yielding environments. Crop rotation consistently outyielded continuous cropping, and the advantage was enhanced when integrated with NT. Yield stability decreased under NT continuous cropping in most systems. Wheat was adaptable to low‐ and high‐yielding environments with similar grain yield and yield stability among treatments, except for NT Ct‐WT, which had the lowest yield stability and grain yield (2.5 vs. 3.5 Mg ha−1). Soybean grain yield was greater under rotation than Ct‐SY (2.7 vs. 2.0 Mg ha−1) and under NT than RT and CT (2.6 vs. 2.4 Mg ha−1), with similar yield stability. Soybean grown after wheat was more adaptable to low‐yielding environments and grown after sorghum to high‐yielding environments. Sorghum in NT SY‐GS was adaptable to low‐ and high‐yielding environments and had the greatest yield (6.2 Mg ha−1) and yield stability. This long‐term study demonstrated the advantages of crop rotation combined with NT on grain yield, yield stability, and crop adaptability.
Nebraska winter wheat unexpected flowering in Egypt: New improvement opportunities
Authors: Elbasyoni Ibrahim S. , Morsy Sabah , Abdelghany Ahmed M. , Naser Mahmoud , Mashaheet Alsayed M. , Abdallah Ahmad M. , Hafez Mohamed , Frels Katherine , Baenziger Peter Stephen
Published: November 2022

The University of Nebraska has bred some of the most winter hardy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in the United States. With the advent of a new race of stem rust in Africa, the breeding program identified a testing site in northern Egypt, a Mediterranean environment, for seedling disease resistance screening. Quite surprisingly, the Nebraska winter wheat lines flowered when grown in northern Egypt, indicating the lines were vernalized. To confirm this result, a panel of 112 Nebraska winter wheat genotypes and three commercially grown Egyptian spring wheat check cultivars were grown in three replicates in a randomized incomplete block design at two locations for 3 years (2016/2017–2018/2019) in Egypt. Seven traits were measured on all genotypes (the number of days to flowering; total chlorophyll content; plant height; leaf, stem, and stripe rust reaction; and grain yield). The winter wheat genotypes flowered and several of them were not significantly different in grain yield from the spring cultivars. A multi‐trait stability index identified 22 genotypes (20% selection intensity, the local checks, and 19 lines from the United States) for good performance. This study provides novel evidence that winter wheat can flower in northern Egypt, can be used for adult plant resistance screening, and provide a grain yield comparable to the commercially grown spring wheat cultivars. Our findings are expected to facilitate future efforts to hybridize winter‐by‐spring lines to develop new genotypes with unique combinations of genes to improve grain yield production, adaptation, disease resistance, and climate resiliency.
Familial Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome in a multigenerational family: Forty years of careful phenotyping
Authors: Best Lyle G. , Duffy Kelly A. , George Andrew M. , Ganguly Arupa , Kalish Jennifer M.
Published: November 2022

Beckwith‐Wiedemann Spectrum (BWSp) is an overgrowth and cancer predisposition disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of phenotypic manifestations including macroglossia, abdominal wall defects, neonatal hypoglycemia, and predisposition to embryonal tumors. In 1981, Best and Hoekstra reported four patients with BWSp in a single family which suggested autosomal dominant inheritance, but standard clinical testing for BWSp was not available during this time. Meticulous phenotyping of this family has occurred over the past 40 years of follow‐up with additional family members being identified and samples collected for genetic testing. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic mutation in CDKN1C, consistent with the most common cause of familial BWSp. CDKN1C mutations account for just 5% of sporadic cases of BWSp. Here, we report the variable presentation of BWSp across the individuals affected by the CDKN1C mutation and other extended family members spanning multiple generations, all examined by the same physician. Additional phenotypes thought to be atypical in patients with BWSp were reported which included cardiac abnormalities. The incidence of tumors was documented in extended family members and included rhabdomyosarcoma, astrocytoma, and thyroid carcinoma, which have previously been reported in patients with BWSp. These observations suggest that in addition to the inheritance of the CDKN1C variant, there are modifying factors in this family driving the phenotypic spectrum observed. Alternative theories are suggested to explain the etiology of clinical variability including diffused mosaicism, anticipation, and the presence of additional variants tracking in the family. This study highlights the necessity of long‐term follow‐up in patients with BWSp and consideration of individual familial characteristics in the context of phenotype and/or (epi)genotype associations.