bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflict in emergency medicine: A systematic review
Authors: Tjan Timothy Edward , Wong Lee Yung , Rixon Andrew
Published: February 2024

Background

The emergency department (ED) is a demanding and time‐pressured environment where doctors must navigate numerous team interactions. Conflicts between health care professionals frequently arise in these settings. We aim to synthesize the individual‐, team‐, and systemic‐level factors that contribute to conflict between clinicians within the ED and explore strategies and opportunities for future research.

Methods

Online databases PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant peer‐reviewed journal articles in English with keywords relating to “conflict” and “emergency department,” yielding a total of 29 articles.

Results

Narrative analysis showed that conflict often occurred during referrals or admissions from ED to inpatient or admitting units. Individual‐level contributors to conflict include a lack of trust in ED workup and staff inexperience. Team‐level contributors include perceptions of bias between groups, patient complexity, communication errors, and difference in practice. Systems‐level contributors include high workload/time pressures, ambiguities around patient responsibility, power imbalances, and workplace culture. Among identified solutions to mitigate conflict are better communication training, standardizing admission guidelines, and improving interdepartmental relationships.

Conclusions

In emergency medicine, conflict is common and occurs at multiple levels, reflecting the complex interface of tasks and relationships within ED.
Situating microbes
Authors: Gitzen Timothy
Published: February 2024

Microbes are relational, and they foster multispecies relationality. In both mundane and profound ways, they connect, interlace, and affect bodies, and are affected by them in turn. This comes to the fore in two recent ethnographic volumes that interrogate microbial worlds: The Probiotic Planet: Using Life to Manage Life, by Jamie Lorimer, and With Microbes, edited by Charlotte Brives, Matthaus Rest, and Salla Sariola. Both books show how microbes bring species into relation with one another and suggest modes of ethnographic engagement with them. To situate microbes, these volumes demonstrate, is not only to query the situatedness of knowledge production with regard to microbes, but it is also to place microbes within a geopolitical landscape that renders global inequality a motivating (and causal) factor in cultivating certain microbial relations. Microbes’ continuous state of relational becoming requires “withnessing” to situate and disentangle the microbial relations flooding the Anthropocene.
Late‐onset neonatal sepsis was not associated with impaired neurodevelopmental outcome: Results from the EPICE/SHIPS‐PT cohort
Authors: dos Santos Engel Juliana , Mota de Almeida Maria Alexandra , Costa Raquel , Freitas Ana Isabel
Published: February 2024

Aim

To assess the impact of late‐onset neonatal sepsis (LONS) on the cognitive and motor development of five‐year‐old children who were born very preterm (VPT).

Methods

This study included 327 VPT children from the Portuguese EPICE/SHIPS cohort who attended the neurodevelopment assessment. Neuropsychological tests such as WPPSI‐R, MABC‐2 and NEPSY‐II (language domain) were used to assess the children's cognitive and motor development. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the socio‐demographic, clinical and neurodevelopment outcomes of VPT children with and without LONS. Regression analysis adjusted for confounding variables was performed when applicable.

Results

Underperformance in intelligence quotient and language development was similar regardless of a neonatal diagnosis of LONS. In contrast, VPT children with LONS had a higher risk of movement difficulties than those without LONS (p = 0.02). However, the association was lost after adjusting for confounders (β = −0.25; p > 0.05).

Conclusion

LONS per se was not associated with the risk for poor long‐term cognitive or motor outcomes in VPT children. Social‐demographic and clinical characteristics assessed during the neonatal period and at the time of neurodevelopment assessment were similar between groups suggesting that social‐related factors such as parents' educational level could have mitigated the LONS impact.
Becoming a ‘good parent’: Social class and talk labour among South Korean parents
Authors: Kang Yoonhee
Published: February 2024

This ethnographic study explores how South Korean parents understand their language use as a significant resource for their children's education. By expanding the concept of ‘talk labour’, this article examines how South Korean parents report on managing their day‐to‐day communication with their children as part of their educational work and how they conceptualize and evaluate their talk labour in different ways according to their socioeconomic backgrounds. Acknowledging the multifaceted dimensions of talk labour, we can better understand the diverse strategies employed by South Korean parents in relation to their aspirations for their children's futures as well as their aspirations to become ‘good parents’.
The colonialism of the Modern Movement and the post‐USSR reaction in Central Asia
Authors: Turner Michael , Gak‐Vassallo David
Published: February 2024

Political scientists and historians often credit the intangible heritage of language for the development or manufacturing of national identities. By controlling language through printing and media, it is possible to impose a common identity representing a political, diplomatic, and economic unity. This paper aims to illuminate the often‐unstated influences of urban and architectural language on the impact of cultural production, and to show how modernist syntax and vocabulary were hijacked into a colonial system through the control of the urban fabric, as an attempt to displace primary identity markers such as empire and religion. However, the socialist ideals of the Modern Movement that developed in the USSR after World War I, were a critical tangible component in this melting pot. At time of its ratification of the World Heritage Convention, the USSR did not nominate any properties in Central Asia, perhaps as a reaction against local identities. An exception was Itchan Kala which was nominated for inclusion as an “open‐air city museum.” ICOMOS in its evaluation of the long‐term risks involved in transferring all the settlement and artisanal areas beyond its borders, warned that Itchan Kala would become a dead city with the local population cast into the role of “benign traditionalists” (ICOMOS, Evaluation of the Nomination – Historic Centre of Itchan‐kala, Khiva. Paris: ICOMOS, 1990, 39). Following the fall of the Soviet Union, the entire Russian bloc faced issues arising from changing values and renewed identities, the speed of change and active vestiges of the past. The post‐USSR reaction in Central Asia was through a regenerated Timurid narrative in the inscription of World Heritage properties in Uzbekistan, particularly in Shakhrisyabz, Bukhara, and Samarkand. The shift from an emphasis on architectural monuments toward a broader recognition of the social, cultural, and economic processes in the conservation of urban values comes together with the need for integrative sustainable development. This is matched by a drive to adapt existing leftover planning policies from the Soviet regime by creating new tools to address this postcolonial national vision.
Renal outcomes with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in Japanese people with grade 3 chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: Analysis of medical administrative databases
Authors: Iijima Hiroaki , Gouda Maki , Hida Hideaki , Mori‐Anai Kazumi , Takahashi Akiko , Minai Ryoichi , Ninomiya Hideki , Saito Yoshiyuki , Miyawaki Atsushi , Wada Jun
Published: February 2024

Aim

To evaluate whether sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy is associated with a reduction of renal events compared with other glucose‐lowering drugs (oGLDs) among Japanese people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and grade 3 (G3) chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a real‐world clinical practice setting.

Materials and Methods

People with T2D who were newly prescribed an SGLT2i or an oGLD from April 2014 to November 2021 (without prior use of index drugs for ≥ 1 year prior to index date) and G3 CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥ 30 to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were selected from the Medical Data Vision database (MDV‐DB) and the Real‐World Data database (RWD‐DB). SGLT2i and oGLD users were matched (1:1) using propensity score on patient background characteristics. The primary endpoint was a composite of the development of end‐stage kidney disease or a sustained decline in eGFR of 50% or more. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Overall, 3190 (1595 per group) patients in the MDV‐DB and 2572 (1286 per group) patients in the RWD‐DB were included in the analyses. The composite outcome was significantly lower in the SGLT2i group than in the oGLD group in the MDV‐DB (HR 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33 to 0.74, P < 0.001) and in the RWD‐DB (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.88, P = 0.011).

Conclusions

Japanese people with T2D and G3 CKD initiating an SGLT2i had a lower risk of renal events than people initiating an oGLD.
How does diversity affect the effectiveness of capacity building training? Evidence from the Republic of Korea
Authors: So Ga‐Young
Published: February 2024

Motivation

Previous studies on the effectiveness of capacity building training, drawn from the experience of traditional donors, have been limited in their understanding the impact of the diversity of trainees and the diversity of training on the effectiveness of training. This is particularly problematic given the increasing prevalence of such training and the emergence of new donors with different approaches.

Purpose

This article investigates the effectiveness of capacity‐building training across different participants and different training types, through the case of an emerging donor, the Republic of Korea (Korea). Korea is distinctive and under‐researched as a country relatively late to join the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC), with several policies explicitly locating capacity‐building training as a diplomatic strategy. Korea has made repeated efforts to diversify participants and types of training to gain a comparative advantage in international development and co‐operation.

Methods and Approach

The study constructs a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to analyse the effectiveness of training across layers of individual diversity (gender, rank, level of national income and extent of democracy) and group diversity (types of trainings). It draws on survey responses from 789 government officials in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Findings

Training effectiveness differs for diverse participants and training types. Effectiveness tends to decrease as job rank and national income rise, while it increases with the level of democracy. Training that fosters diverse interactions and experiences, such as multi‐country training and invitational training, tends to be more effective than other types.

Policy Implications

Our results suggest implementing more collaborative and customized training to suit the heterogeneous needs of diverse participants. The results emphasize the need to develop and operate various training types that promote diverse interactions and experiences among participants.
Heterogenisation of riverine ichthyofauna diversity by small hydropower dams
Authors: Carvalho Dandhara Rossi , Araújo Francisco Gerson
Published: February 2024

Dams modify river physical and chemical attributes. This disruption hampers fish migration, leading to the introduction of non‐native species and losses of specialised native species. Small hydropower plants (SHPs) have been suggested for replacing large dams to minimise reservoir size and preserve natural flow regimes. We evaluated the influences of two SHPs on the ichthyofauna in a tropical river, comparing fish taxonomic and functional beta‐diversity in three periods. Period‐1 preceded SHP construction (Pre‐2008), when the river was free‐flowing. Period‐2 was 1 year after completion of SHP construction (Post‐2012). Period‐3 was after 10 years of SHP operation (Current‐2021). We calculated 10 functional ichthyofaunal attributes based on 12 quantitative morphometric measurements related to habitat use, feeding, and locomotion. The ichthyofaunal composition varied among the periods (p = .001) and seasons (p = .009), with the highest species richness in the Post period compared to the other two periods (p = .002). Abundance significantly decreased over time (p = .004). Taxonomic beta‐diversity increased in the Post period remaining stable in the Current period. Functional beta‐diversity did not change between the Pre and Post periods but significantly increased in the Current period. The turnover component had the greater influence on both taxonomic and functional beta‐diversity, with no temporal changes observed in nestedness. The ichthyofauna appears to have undergone heterogenisation and restructuring. Changes include the emergence of more tolerant species (e.g., Hoplosternum littorale and Pimelodus maculatus), displacement of native and sensitive species (e.g., Pogonopoma parahybae and Steindachneridion parahybae), and colonisation by a non‐native predator (Plagioscion squamosissimus). This indicates that small‐scale projects such as SHPs harm fish populations by altering habitats and restructuring the ichthyofauna.
Associations of mental well‐being with higher education‐related stress and orientation of the academic goals among nursing students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ji Qiqi , Zhang Lin , Xu Jiashuang , Ji Pengjuan , Song Miaojing , Chen Yian , Guo Leilei
Published: February 2024

To investigate the association between the mental health of nursing students, the stress of higher education, and academic goal orientation. At a medical college, 1170 nursing students volunteered for this cross‐sectional survey. The Warwick‐Edinburgh Well‐being Scale, the Higher Education Stress Scale, and the Academic Goal Orientation Questionnaire were utilised to collect data. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis were all performed to evaluate the data. The significance level for all statistical tests was p < 0.05. A total of 1126 valid samples, with a 96.23% effective recovery rate. The Higher Education Stress Scale score for nursing students was (38.31 ± 8.29), the Academic Goal Orientation Questionnaire result was (49.32 ± 9.62), and the Mental Health Scale value was (31.24 ± 14.00). Overall, there was a strong relationship between the stress associated with higher education, academic goal orientation, and the mental health of nursing students. Therefore, in future interventions, the Chinese government and its relevant educational authorities can enhance nursing students' ability to reasonably regulate stress related to higher education and set clear academic goals by adjusting the strategies for regulating nursing students' academic stress and increasing the number of academic goal‐oriented courses to improve their mental health.
Prevention strategies for the recurrence of venous leg ulcers: A scoping review
Authors: He Bingyang , Shi Junfang , Li Lingyan , Ma Yuanyuan , Zhao Han , Qin Peiwei , Ma Peifen
Published: February 2024

Venous leg ulcer (VLU) is the most severe manifestations of chronic venous disease, which has characterized by slow healing and high recurrence rates. This typically recalcitrant and recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, prevention of VLU recurrence is essential for helping to reduce the huge burden of patients and health resources, the purpose of this scoping review is to analyse and determine the intervention measures for preventing recurrence of the current reported, to better inform healthcare professionals and patients. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wan Fang Data and Chongqing VIP Information (CQVIP) were accessed up to June 17, 2023. This scoping review followed the five‐steps framework described by Arksey and O'Malley and the PRISMA extension was used to report the review. Eleven articles were included with a total of 1503 patients, and adopted the four effective measures: compression therapy, physical activity, health education, and self‐care. To conclude, the use of high pressure compression treatment for life, supplementary exercise therapy, and strengthen health education to promote self‐care are recommended strategies of VLU prevention and recurrence. In addition, the importance of multi‐disciplinary teams to participate in the care of VLU in crucial.
The effect of iodine on the local environment of network‐forming elements in aluminoborosilicate glasses: An NMR study
Authors: Soudani Sami , Paris Michael , Morizet Yann
Published: February 2024

Knowledge of the structural organization of nuclear waste glasses at the atomic scale is the basis for further studies of macroscopic properties (e.g., fracture toughness, chemical durability, and leaching rate). Recent studies have focused on the iodine dissolution mechanism in oxide‐based glasses synthesized under high‐pressure conditions, but there is still a lack of key information on the extent of the modifications caused by iodine entering the glass network. We therefore decided to conduct an in‐depth study by nuclear magnetic resonance on two series of aluminoborosilicate glasses synthetized under high pressure conditions and doped with either I2 or I2O5. The obtained 11B, 23Na, and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were fitted and correlated with the iodine content in order to find possible relationships with the local environment change for the probed cations. These data showed that iodine has no effect on the coordination of aluminum and very little effects on that of boron. In contrast, we found an expected relationship of the I content with the 23Na NMR parameters. In comparison with previous studies on the non‐bridging oxygen (NBO) distribution in aluminoborosilicate, we suggest that Na+ is mainly scavenged from silica tetrahedra with one or two NBO ( or ) as no boron planar triangles with one NBO are expected for such compositions. From those information, we establish a model for iodine dissolution in nuclear waste glass that is consistent with previous studies.
Mechanical and dynamical stability of major oxide constituents of Portland cement clinker: a density functional theory study
Authors: Maul Jefferson , Mitoli Davide , Erba Alessandro , Dutra Ricardo P. S.
Published: February 2024

Quantum‐mechanical calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) enable an effective characterization of a variety of properties of materials at the atomistic level, although at a high computational cost. Here, we fully exploit parallel computing to apply such methods to the study of lattice dynamics and mechanical response of the major oxide constituents of Portland cement clinker: , , , and . Raman spectra and the evolution of the elastic tensor (and associated mechanical properties) with pressure are predicted for all oxide systems. We devote much attention to the assessment of dynamical and mechanical stability of the many previously proposed polymorphic forms of the most abundant oxide: . Specifically, five different crystalline models of are analyzed: only two turn out to be dynamically stable. The mechanical response of is further analyzed as a function of temperature through a quasi‐harmonic description of its lattice dynamics.
Distribution, diversity and diversification from DNA barcoding perspective: The case of Gammarus radiation in the ancient Lake Ohrid
Authors: Mamos Tomasz , Grabowski Michał , Sworobowicz Lidia , Salzburger Walter , Trajanovski Sasho , Copilaş‐Ciocianu Denis , Mucciolo Serena , Wysocka Anna
Published: February 2024

Aim

A detailed, comparative DNA‐barcoding and morphospecies‐based overview of the vertical and horizontal distribution of Lake Ohrid's endemic Gammarus species flock is provided. Re‐evaluation of the time frame for the onset of the species flock and identification of events that putatively influenced diversification processes.

Location

Lake Ohrid, Balkan Peninsula, Europe.

Taxon

Gammarus species flock (Amphipoda, Crustacea).

Methods

Extensive sampling and DNA barcoding of 600 individuals was carried out. DNA sequences were analysed using species delimitation methods, haplotype network reconstructions, Bayesian molecular dating and demographic analyses. The COI‐based species delimitation results were validated with nuclear 28S RNA data.

Results

The species flock distribution has a weak horizontal but clear vertical structure. The diversity along bathymetric gradients correlates with temperature and salinity; and the highest diversity is observed in sublittoral and springs on the lake's shore. Two new molecular units representing putatively new species are revealed and supported also by the nuclear marker. The onset of flock radiation overlaps with the time of lake formation. The COI gene shows signs of positive selection and an acceleration in substitution rate. The demographic changes within the flock happened during the last thousands years.

Main Conclusions

Distribution of the Gammarus species flock is vertically structured, reflecting habitat zonation. Parapatric speciation is one of the possible mechanisms behind the flock's diversification. Detection of new MOTUs suggests that the flock's diversity is still not fully revealed. Simultaneously, failure to collect three previously known MOTUs suggests a loss of gammarid diversity in the lake. This represents, together with the current threats to the lake ecosystem (i.e. climate changes, development of tourism), a clear call for conservation efforts. The speciation events and demographic changes within the flock relate presumably to glacial and postglacial water level changes and to the colonisation of new depth ranges and the associated springs.
Where Have All the ‘Exiters’ Gone? Contextualising the Concept of Hard Euroscepticism
Authors: Havlík Vratislav , Hloušek Vít
Published: February 2024

The article analyses the impact of Brexit on hard Eurosceptic discourses in the Visegrád Group countries from 2015 to 2023. As the negative implications of Brexit for the UK economy became clear, many hard Eurosceptics softened their rhetoric, using the referendum as a proxy for a ‘hard’ exit. Whilst the classical soft–hard typology remains dominant amongst scholars in the study of Euroscepticism, the case of Brexit shows that long‐term principled opposition to the European Union (EU) can hide behind equivocal rhetoric. The article suggests studying the changing tactics of Eurosceptics by matching current EU and domestic contexts together with the long‐term points of departure of hard Eurosceptics.
Gingipains may be one of the key virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis to impair cognition and enhance blood–brain barrier permeability: An animal study
Authors: Li Fulong , Ma Chunliang , Lei Shuang , Pan Yaping , Lin Li , Pan Chunling , Li Qian , Geng Fengxue , Min Dongyu , Tang Xiaolin
Published: February 2024

Aim

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) disorder is one of the early findings in cognitive impairments. We have recently found that Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteraemia can cause cognitive impairment and increased BBB permeability. This study aimed to find out the possible key virulence factors of P. gingivalis contributing to the pathological process.

Materials and Methods

C57/BL6 mice were infected with P. gingivalis or gingipains or P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis LPS group) by tail vein injection for 8 weeks. The cognitive behaviour changes in mice, the histopathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, the alternations of BBB permeability, and the changes in Mfsd2a and Cav‐1 levels were measured. The mechanisms of Ddx3x‐induced regulation on Mfsd2a by arginine‐specific gingipain A (RgpA) in BMECs were explored.

Results

P. gingivalis and gingipains significantly promoted mice cognitive impairment, pathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, increased BBB permeability, inhibited Mfsd2a expression and up‐regulated Cav‐1 expression. After RgpA stimulation, the permeability of the BBB model in vitro increased, and the Ddx3x/Mfsd2a/Cav‐1 regulatory axis was activated.

Conclusions

Gingipains may be one of the key virulence factors of P. gingivalis to impair cognition and enhance BBB permeability by the Ddx3x/Mfsd2a/Cav‐1 axis.
Active Support Measure: a multilevel exploratory factor analysis
Authors: Humphreys L. , Bigby C. , Araten‐Bergman T. , Iacono T.
Published: February 2024

Background

Active Support is a person‐centred practice that enables people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) to engage in meaningful activities and social interactions. The Active Support Measure (ASM) is an observational tool designed to measure the quality of support that people with IDs living in supported accommodation services receive from staff. The aim of the study was to explore the underlying constructs of the ASM.

Methods

Multilevel exploratory factor analysis was conducted on ASM data (n = 884 people with IDs across 236 accommodation services) collected during a longitudinal study of Active Support in Australian accommodation services.

Results

Multilevel exploratory factor analysis indicated that 12 of the ASM's 15 items loaded on two factors, named Supporting Engagement in Activities and Interacting with the Person.

Conclusions

The 12‐item ASM measures two dimensions of the quality of staff support. Both technical and interpersonal skills comprise good Active Support.
Toward understanding the neural mechanisms involved in early life stress‐induced aggression
Authors: Takahashi Aki
Published: February 2024

Early life stress, such as childhood abuse and neglect, is one of the major risk factors for the development of antisocial behavior. In rat models, repeated maternal separation (MS) stress, in which the pups are separated from the dams for a few hours each day during the first 2–3 weeks of life, increases aggressive behavior in adult males. This Editorial highlights an article in the current issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry that demonstrates the involvement of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in the escalation of aggressive behavior in the MS model. The authors show that MS rats exhibit higher c‐Fos expression in the CeA during an aggressive encounter compared to non‐isolated control rats. Unexpectedly, other amygdala subnuclei did not show differential activation between MS and control groups. Using optogenetics, they provide direct evidence that activation of CeA neurons increases intermale aggressive behavior and that bilateral CeA activation shifts behavioral patterns toward more qualitatively intense aggressive behavior than unilateral CeA activation. These findings highlight the important role of the CeA in the development of abnormal aggression and indicate that this region may be an important therapeutic target for human aggression induced by early life stress.

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Oro‐facial function and quality of life in children and adolescents with large horizontal maxillary overjet—A case–control study
Authors: Hansen Camilla , Bakke Merete , Sonnesen Liselotte
Published: February 2024

Background

Large horizontal maxillary overjet (overjet) is associated with reduced bite force (BF) and number of contacts, which influence the chewing effectivity (CE). Oral health, oro‐facial function (OF) and malocclusion have great impact on psychological well‐being and quality of life (QoL).

Objectives

The aims of the study were to examine OF, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), BF, CE, QoL and well‐being in children and adolescents with large overjet.

Methods

The study was a case–control study including healthy children with large overjet in the study group compared to a control group of healthy children with neutral occlusion, all 9–14 years old. OF was examined by use of Nordic Orofacial Test‐Screening (NOT‐S), Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and registration of morphological and functional occlusion. QoL and well‐being were examined using KIDSCREEN‐10 and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Results

The study and control groups included 37 and 32 participants, respectively. Significantly increased NOT‐S score (p < .001) and reduced BF (p = .011), numbers of contacts (p < .001) and CE (p = .005) were found in the study group. BF, numbers of contacts and CE were negatively associated with erupting canines and premolars. No significant difference was found in age, gender, dental eruption, TMD diagnosis or QoL between the groups. Significantly increased emotional symptoms (p = .007), hyperactivity (p = .043) and total difficulties score (p = .009) were found in the study group.

Conclusion

The study group showed higher NOT‐S score and reduced BF, number of contacts and CE. No difference in QoL were found between the groups, although reduced well‐being and increased emotional symptoms, hyperactivity and total difficulties were found in the study group.
Challenges in engaging patients in feedback conversations for health care professionals' workplace learning
Authors: Sehlbach Carolin , Bosveld Matthijs H. , Romme Sjim , Nijhuis Marieke A. , Govaerts Marjan J. B. , Smeenk Frank W. J. M.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Patient feedback is relevant information for improvement of health care professionals' performance. Engaging patients in feedback conversations can help to harness patient feedback as a powerful tool for learning. However, health care settings may prevent patients and health care professionals to effectively engage in a feedback dialogue. To advance our understanding of how feedback conversations may support learning in and from practice, we sought to explore patients' and health care providers' perspectives on engaging patients in feedback conversations as informal learning opportunities.

Methods

For this qualitative study, we used a pragmatic approach and conducted semi‐structured interviews with 12 health care providers and 10 patient consultants. We applied an inductive approach to thematic analysis to understand interviewees' perceptions regarding patient feedback for workplace learning.

Results

Participants attributed importance to patient feedback and described how the feedback may improve treatment relationships, professionals' performance and care processes on the team level and the organisational level. Participants experienced conflicting roles as patient and educator or expert and learner, respectively. Changing relationships, feelings of vulnerability and perceived power dynamics in treatment relationships would affect participants' engagement in feedback conversations. Patients and professionals alike saw a role for themselves in giving or inviting feedback but often missed the tools for engaging in feedback conversations.

Discussion

Patient feedback can contribute to professionals' practice‐based learning but requires navigating tensions around conflicting roles and power dynamics in the treatment relationship. Both patients and health care professionals need to embrace vulnerability and may need facilitation and guidance to use patient feedback effectively. Attention to power dynamics, if not a shift towards collaborative relationships, is however crucial to engage patients in feedback conversations, thereby capitalising the power patients posses.
Activity of amorolfine or ciclopirox in combination with terbinafine against pathogenic fungi in onychomycosis—Results of an in vitro investigation
Authors: Schaller Martin , Walker Birgit , Nabhani Schafiq , Odon Astrid , Riel Simon , Jäckel Andreas
Published: February 2024

Background

Onychomycoses are difficult‐to‐treat fungal infections with high relapse rates. Combining oral and topical antifungal drugs is associated with higher success rates. Additive or synergistic modes of action are expected to enhance treatment success rates.

Objectives

Investigation of the combined effects of antifungal drugs in vitro with different modes of action and application on clinical isolates from mycotic nails.

Methods

Isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were collected from infected toenail specimens of patients with onychomycosis. Susceptibility testing was performed in 96‐well polystyrene plates using a standard stepwise microdilution protocol. Additive or synergistic activity at varying concentrations was investigated by the checkerboard method.

Results

Combining terbinafine with amorolfine tended to be more effective than terbinafine in conjunction with ciclopirox. In most combinations, additive effects were observed. Synergy was detected in combinations with involving amorolfine in S. brevicaulis. These additive and synergistic interactions indicate that combined therapy with topical amorolfine and oral terbinafine is justified. Sublimation of amorolfine (and terbinafine) may enhance the penetration in and through the nail plate, and support treatment efficacy.

Conclusions

These in vitro results support the notion that combining oral terbinafine and topical amorolfine is beneficial to patients with onychomycosis, particularly if the pathogen is a non‐dermatophyte fungus such as S. brevicaulis.
Sentiments of solidarity: Varying conceptions of nationhood in Turkey
Authors: Keskintürk Turgut , Kuyucu Tuna
Published: February 2024

Studies on nationalism have recently transitioned from macro‐level analyses of large structural factors to micro‐level examinations, emphasizing nationalism as a set of cultural and political beliefs held by individuals. Such works that use opinion measures to explore heterogeneity in national self‐understandings show that nationalist beliefs distribute among the public in particular and non‐random ways, though the extent to which these heterogeneities induce variation in behavioural outcomes remains relatively unexplored. In this article, we argue that varying conceptions of nationhood inform ethnonational boundary‐making strategies and social action. Using latent class analyses and a resource allocation task in original representative survey data (N = 1,460), we ask whether varying cultural positions on nationhood covaries with preferential behaviour. We found that nationalist cultural models provide heterogeneous cultural templates and lead to preferential treatment of ethnonational ingroups.
Pediatric anesthesia in Europe: Variations within uniformity
Authors: de Graaff Jurgen C. , Frykholm Peter , Engelhardt Thomas , Schindler Ehrenfried , Kovesi Tamas , Simic Dusica , Malagon Ignacio , Woodman Natasha , Courtman Simon , Najafi Nadia , Claussen Nicola Groes , Karlsson Jacob , Bonhomme Fanny , Laffargue Anne , Vutskits Laszlo
Published: February 2024

Organization of healthcare strongly differs between European countries and results in country‐specific requirements in postgraduate medical training. Within the European Union (EU), the European Board of Anaesthesiology has set recommendations of training for the Specialty of Anaesthesiology including standards for Postgraduate Medical Specialist training including a description for providing service in pediatric anesthesia. However, these standards are advisory and not mandatory. Here we aimed to review the current state and associated challenges of pediatric anesthesia training in Europe. We report an important country‐specific variability both in training and regulations of practice of pediatric anesthesia in the EU and in the United Kingdom. The requirements for training in pediatric anesthesia varies between nothing specified (Belgium) or providing anesthesia with direct supervision to a minimum of 50 cases below 5 years of age (Germany) to 3–6 month clinical practice in a specialized pediatric hospital (France). Likewise, the regulations for providing anesthesia to children varies from no regulations at all (Belgium) to age specific requirements and centralization of all children below 4 years of age to specified centers (United Kingdom). Officially recognized pediatric anesthesia fellowship programs are not available in most countries of Europe. It remains unclear if and how country‐specific differences in pediatric anesthesia training are associated with clinical outcomes in pediatric perioperative care. There is converging interest and support for the establishment of a European pediatric anesthesia curriculum.
A 5.2‐kb insertion in the coding sequence of PavSCPL, a serine carboxypeptidase‐like enhances fruit firmness in Prunus avium
Authors: Qi Xiliang , Dong Yuanxin , Liu Congli , Song Lulu , Chen Lei , Li Ming
Published: February 2024

Fruit firmness is an important trait in sweet cherry breeding because it directly positively influences fruit transportability, storage and shelf life. However, the underlying genes responsible and the molecular mechanisms that control fruit firmness remain unknown. In this study, we identified a candidate gene, PavSCPL, encoding a serine carboxypeptidase‐like protein with natural allelic variation, that controls fruit firmness in sweet cherry using map‐based cloning and functionally characterized PavSCPL during sweet cherry fruit softening. Genetic analysis revealed that fruit firmness in the ‘Rainier’ × ‘Summit’ F1 population was controlled by a single dominant gene. Bulked segregant analysis combined with fine mapping narrowed the candidate gene to a 473‐kb region (7418778–7 891 914 bp) on chromosome 6 which included 72 genes. The candidate gene PavSCPL, and a null allele harbouring a 5244‐bp insertion in the second exon that completely inactivated PavSCPL expression and resulted in the extra‐hard‐flesh phenotype, were identified by RNA‐sequencing analysis and gene cloning. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis revealed that the PavSCPL expression level was increased with fruit softening. Virus‐induced gene silencing of PavSCPL enhanced fruit firmness and suppressed the activities of certain pectin‐degrading enzymes in the fruit. In addition, we developed functional molecular markers for PavSCPL and the Pavscpl5.2‐k allele that co‐segregated with the fruit firmness trait. Overall, this research identified a crucial functional gene for fruit firmness. The results provide insights into the genetic control and molecular mechanism of the fruit firmness trait and present useful molecular markers for molecular‐assisted breeding for fruit firmness in sweet cherry.
Neutrophilic dermatosis in a patient with an IKZF1 variant and a review of monogenic autoinflammatory disorders presenting with neutrophilic dermatoses
Authors: Guirguis Justina , Iosim Sonia , Jones Derek , Likhite Maryel , Chen Fei , Kesserwan Chimene , Gindin Tatyana , Kahn Philip J. , Beck David , Oza Vikash S. , Hillier Kirsty
Published: February 2024

Monogenic diseases of immune dysregulation should be considered in the evaluation of children presenting with recurrent neutrophilic dermatoses in association with systemic signs of inflammation, autoimmune disease, hematologic abnormalities, and opportunistic or recurrent infections. We report the case of a 2‐year‐old boy presenting with a neutrophilic dermatosis, found to have a novel likely pathogenic germline variant of the IKAROS Family Zinc Finger 1 (IKZF1) gene; the mutation likely results in a loss of function dimerization defective protein based on reports and studies of similar variants. IKZF1 variants could potentially lead to aberrant neutrophil chemotaxis and development of neutrophilic dermatoses. Long‐term surveillance is required to monitor the development of hematologic malignancy, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and infection in patients with pathogenic IKZF1 germline variants.
Prevalence of potential contact allergens in best‐selling baby cleansers
Authors: Noveir Sasan D. , Galamgam Jayden , Cheng Carol E.
Published: February 2024

Many baby cleansers are promoted as hypoallergic products; however, these claims are not typically validated. This study assessed the 50 best‐selling baby cleansers from online retailer Amazon for potential allergens. We found that the presence of most marketing claims, including “hypoallergenic” or “allergy‐tested,” did not correlate with the number of potential allergens in a cleanser. Furthermore, the total number of marketing claims of a cleanser was positively correlated with the number of allergens, highlighting the discordance between marketing claims and allergen content in baby cleansers.
Idiopathic aseptic facial granuloma: A retrospective study of 43 cases
Authors: Kuperman Wilder Lola , Lamberti Antonela , Boggio Paula , Abad María Eugenia , Luna Paula C. , Larralde Margarita
Published: February 2024

Background

Idiopathic aseptic facial granuloma (IAFG) is an underrecognized pediatric skin disease, currently considered within the spectrum of rosacea. It usually manifests as a solitary, reddish, asymptomatic nodule on the cheek that resolves spontaneously.

Methods

Retrospective and descriptive observational study of 43 pediatric patients with a clinical diagnosis of IAFG, followed between 2004 and 2022, at two general hospitals in Argentina.

Results

IAFG predominated in girls (65%) and the average age of onset was about 6 years. A single asymptomatic nodule was seen in 79% of patients. The most common localization was the cheek (58%) followed by lower eyelids (41%). Family history of rosacea was present in 16% of patients. A concomitant diagnosis of rosacea and periorificial dermatitis was made in 14% and 9% of our population, respectively. Past or present history of chalazia was detected in 42% of the children. IAFG diagnosis was mainly clinical (88% of cases). Oral antibiotics were the most common indicated treatment (84%). Complete healing was achieved by the majority, but 18% of those with eyelid compromise healed with scars.

Conclusions

IAFG is a benign pediatric condition that physicians should recognize in order to manage correctly. We herein refer to a particular morphologic aspect of IAFG lesions affecting the lower eyelids, where nodules adopt a linear distribution and have a higher probability of involute leaving a scar. Also, we consider that the concomitant findings of rosacea, periorificial dermatitis and chalazia in our patients, reinforce the consideration of IAFG within the spectrum of rosacea.
Bier anemic spots, cyanosis, and urticaria‐like eruption (BASCULE) syndrome in a 15‐year‐old male, responsive to high‐dose fexofenadine
Authors: Keeling Elizabeth , Cotter Chantal , O'Mahony Sarah , Andrawis Madonna , Salim Asad
Published: February 2024

We describe an unusual presentation of Bier anemic spots, cyanosis, and urticaria‐like eruption (BASCULE) syndrome in a 15‐year‐old male, recalcitrant to low‐dose anti‐histamines, which subsequently responded to high‐dose fexofenadine.
Berdazimer gel for molluscum contagiosum in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Paller Amy S. , Green Lawrence J. , Silverberg Nanette , Stripling Stephen , Cartwright Martina , Enloe Carolyn , Wells Nick , Kowalewski Elaine Kearney , Maeda‐Chubachi Tomoko
Published: February 2024

Objective

Controlling molluscum contagiosum (MC) infections is critical in atopic dermatitis (AD) management. This post hoc analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of berdazimer gel, 10.3% (topical, antiviral, nitric oxide–releasing medication) versus vehicle in MC patients with or without AD.

Methods

Three Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled, parallel‐group trials (B‐SIMPLE[berdazimer sodium in molluscum patients with lesions]1, −2, −4) enrolled patients 6 months and older with 3–70 mollusca. Berdazimer or vehicle was applied once daily to all MC lesions for 12 weeks. Data from three Phase 3 studies were integrated for subgroup efficacy and safety assessments using several weighted meta‐analysis approaches. Patients with concurrent AD or a history of AD/eczema were categorized as AD+ subgroup (AD− when absent). Primary efficacy endpoint: complete lesion clearance at Week 12. Safety endpoints included adverse events (AEs) through Week 24 and local skin reactions through Week 12.

Results

Of 1598 enrolled patients, 209 (13.1%) were AD+. Baseline mean lesion counts were greater in AD+ (26.4) than AD− (19.3). Complete clearance rates were higher at Week 12 for berdazimer compared with vehicle in AD+ (n = 209; 35.0% vs. 27.4%; odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% CI, 0.7–2.5) and AD− (n = 1389; 29.1% vs. 18.9%; OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.4–2.4) subgroups. AEs in AD+ were application‐site pain (21.6% with berdazimer vs. 11.9% with vehicle), dermatitis (12.8% vs. 2.4%), and erythema (9.6% vs. 7.1%).

Conclusions

Berdazimer gel showed favorable efficacy regardless of AD status. Berdazimer‐induced erythema may be indistinguishable from AD symptoms or with inflammatory response upon resolution of molluscum.
Why to be a maker? Personal values as motivational goals
Authors: Shen Yung‐Chi , Wang Chun‐Hsien
Published: February 2024

Maker communities are typically guided by noneconomic incentives to produce a positive impact on society. In this study, we offer novel insights into makers' personal values, understood as motivational goals. Specifically, we performed qualitative laddering interviews with 30 makers gathered via snowball sampling in Taiwan. This study maps the hierarchies governing the goals that motivate makers' intentions to dedicate themselves to the maker movement, anchored in seven personal values: self‐direction, hedonism, benevolence, universalism, stimulation, power and achievement. Accordingly, the findings in this study extend the literature concerning the maker movement; these practical contributions can enable managers and practitioners to develop an ecosystem that favours the development of maker communities.
Racial differences in feelings of distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic and John Henryism Active Coping in the United States: Results from a national survey
Authors: Sullivan Samaah M. , Sullivan Jas M. , Orey D'Andra , Baptist Najja Kofi
Published: February 2024

Objective

To examine whether John Henryism Active Coping (JHAC) is a protective risk factor for distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic and whether this association differs by race/ethnicity.

Methods

Data were collected as part of the 2020 National Blair Center Poll. Higher scores on JHAC measured a greater behavioral predisposition to cope actively and persistently with difficult psychosocial stressors and barriers of everyday life.

Results

High JHAC was associated with lower odds for feeling worried and for feeling afraid when thinking about COVID‐19. These associations differed across race/ethnicity such that having a greater JHAC behavioral predisposition to coping was inversely associated with feelings of distress when thinking about the COVID‐19 pandemic only among whites and Hispanics, but not among African Americans.

Conclusion

Our findings have important implications as the COVID‐19 pandemic continues into 2022 and psychological distress may linger and increase due to unprecedented economic and social impacts.