bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling and Measurement of Bubble Formation and Growth in Electroflotation Processes
Authors: Sarkar Shahjahan K. A. , Machniewski Piotr M. , Evans Geoffrey M.
Published: October 2013

Electroflotation is used in the water treatment industry for the recovery of suspended particles. In this study the bubble formation and release of hydrogen bubbles generated electrolytically from a platinum cathode was investigated. Previously, it was found that both the growth rate and detachment diameter increased with increasing wire diameter. Conversely, current density had little effect on the released bubble size. It was also found that the detached bubbles rapidly increased in volume as they rose through the liquid as a result of decreasing hydrostatic pressure and high levels of dissolved hydrogen gas in the surrounding liquid. The experimental system was computationally modelled using a Lagrangian-Eulerian Discrete Particle approach. It was revealed that desorption of gaseous solutes from the electrolyte solution, other than hydrogen, may have a significant impact on the diameter variation of the formed bubbles. The simulation confirmed that liquid circulation, either forced or induced by the rising bubble plume, influences both the hydrogen supersaturation (concentration) in the neighbourhood of the electrode and the size of the resulting bubbles.
Analysis of Spent Active Coke Properties by Spouted Bed Technique
Authors: Buczek Bronislaw
Published: October 2013

Samples of active coke, fresh and spent after cleaning flue gases from communal waste incinerators, were studied. The outer layers of both coke particles were separately removed by comminution mechanism in a spouted bed. Analyses included density, mercury porosimetry and adsorption. The remaining cores were examined to determine the degree of consumption of coke by adsorption of hazardous emissions (SO2, HCl, heavy metals) through its bed. The differences in contamination levels within the porous structure of the particles were estimated. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of active coke in the cleaning of flue gases.
Body Posture Stability in Ski Boots Under Conditions of Unstable Supporting Surface
Authors: Tchórzewski Dariusz , Bujas Przemysław , Jankowicz-Szymańska Agnieszka
Published: October 2013

The authors attempted to determine whether: (1) there are differences in stability between the conditions of standing in ski boots and barefoot, (2) the type of surface affects stability, and, (3) the level of stability differs between the frontal and sagittal planes. The study included 35 young male recreational skiers aged 20.71 ±0.63 years. Measurements of stability were taken by means of a Libra seesaw balance board. The conditions of soft surface were created by attaching an inflated cushion to the board. The experiment was carried out on both rigid and soft surface for both movement planes and two different conditions: maintaining the seesaw balance board in the horizontal position and performance of a particular balancing task. All the tests were performed with visual feedback. Restricted ankle joint mobility that results from wearing ski boots caused a reduction of stability in studied subjects, particularly in the sagittal plane. The differences found in the study were likely to be caused by the difficulty the beginners experienced in re-organizing muscular coordination in hip joint strategy and effectively using mechanical support of ski boots that reduces lower limb muscle tone. The use of the soft surface improved stability exhibited by the subjects in the frontal plane without compromising the stability in the sagittal plane. The soft surface might have contributed to a reduction in excessive corrective movements, thus improving stability in studied subjects.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of limitation of foot mobility and disturbances in afferent information from the plantar mechanoreceptors due to wearing ski boots on the level of postural stability in beginner skiers under conditions of the unstable support surface.
Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Elite Male Handball Players from Teams with a Different Ranking
Authors: Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Ingebrigtsen Jørgen
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study was to examine possible discriminant physical and physiological characteristics between elite male handball players from elite teams with different league rankings. Players from three teams (A, B and C), which competed in the first league of the Greek championship during the season 2011-2012 participated in the study. Team A finished first, B came second and C came eighth out of eleven clubs. Teams A and B also participated in European Cups, and team A won the European Challenge Cup. The players (n=44) were examined for anthropometric characteristics and performed a series of physical fitness tests. Players from teams A and B were taller (6.2 cm (0.7;11.7), mean difference (95% CI) and 9.2 cm (4.0;14.5), respectively), and had a higher amount of fat free mass (6.4 kg (1.1;11.8) and 5.4 kg (0.2;10.5)) compared to those of team C. Players from team A performed better than players from team C in the squat jump (5.5 cm (1.0;10.0)), the countermovement jump without (5.5 cm (0.4;10.6)) and with armswing (6.0 cm (0.7;11.3)) and in the 30 s Bosco test (5.7 W.kg-1 (1.2;10.2)). Also, players from team A outperformed team B in mean power during the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT, 0.5 W.kg-1(0;0.9)) and in the Bosco test (7.8 W.kg-1 (3.4;12.2)). Overall, players from the best ranked team performed better than the lowest ranked team on WAnT, vertical jumps and the Bosco test. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that stature and mean power during the Bosco test were the most important characteristics in TH players, accounting for 54.6% of the variance in team ranking. These findings indicate the contribution of particular physical fitness components (stature, fat free mass and anaerobic power) to excellence in TH. In addition, the use of the Bosco test as an assessment tool in talent identification and physical fitness monitoring in this sport is further recommended.
The Influence of an Additional Load on Time and Force Changes in the Ground Reaction Force During the Countermovement Vertical Jump
Authors: Vaverka Frantisek , Jakubsova Zlatava , Jandacka Daniel , Zahradnik David , Farana Roman , Uchytil Jaroslav , Supej Matej , Vodicar Janez
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study was to determine how an additional load influences the force-vs-time relationship of the countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ). The participants that took part in the experiment were 18 male university students who played sport recreationally, including regular games of volleyball. They were asked to perform a CMVJ without involving the arms under four conditions: without and with additional loads of 10%, 20%, and 30% of their body weight (BW). The vertical component of the ground reaction force (GRF) was measured by a force plate. The GRF was used to calculate the durations of the preparatory, braking, and acceleration phases, the total duration of the jump, force impulses during the braking and acceleration phases, average forces during the braking and acceleration phases, and the maximum force of impact at landing. Results were evaluated using repeated-measures ANOVA. Increasing the additional load prolonged both the braking and acceleration phases of the jump, with statistically significant changes in the duration of the acceleration phase found for an additional load of 20% BW. The magnitude of the force systematically and significantly increased with the additional load. The force impulse during the acceleration phase did not differ significantly between jumps performed with loads of 20% and 30% BW. The results suggest that the optimal additional load for developing explosive strength in vertical jumping ranges from 20% to 30% of BW, with this value varying between individual subjects.
Ball Possession Effectiveness in Men’s Elite Floorball According to Quality of Opposition and Game Period
Authors: Gómez Miguel-Ángel , Prieto Miguel , Pérez Javier , Sampaio Jaime
Published: October 2013

The aim of the present study was to identify the importance of floorball tactical variables to predict ball possession effectiveness, when controlling quality of opposition and game periods. The sample was composed by 1500 ball possessions, corresponding to 14 games randomly selected from the International Championships played during 2008 and 2010 (World Championship, Four nations tournament and classificatory phases for World Championship) by teams from different competition levels (HIGH, INTERMEDIATE and LOW). The effects of the predictor variables on successful ball possessions according to the three game contexts (HIGH vs. HIGH; HIGH vs. LOW; LOW vs. LOW games) were analyzed using Binomial Logistic Regressions. The results showed no interaction with the game period. In HIGH vs. HIGH games, quality of opposition showed an association with ball possession effectiveness with ending zone, offensive system, possession duration, height of shooting and defensive pressures previous to the shot. In HIGH vs. LOW games the important factors were the starting zone, possession duration, defensive pressure previous to the last pass and to the shot, technique of shooting and the number players involved in each ball possession. Finally, in LOW vs. LOW games, the results emphasized the importance of starting and ending zones, the number of passes used and the technique of shooting. In conclusion, elite floorball performance is mainly affected by quality of opposition showing different game patterns in each context that should be considered by coaches when preparing practices and competitions.
Theory of space-time dissipative elasticity and scale effects
Authors: Lurie S.A. , Belov P.A.
Published: October 2013

In this article a model of irreversible dynamic thermoelasticity of an ideal continuua is constructed from an elasticity theory of asymmetrical, transversely isotropic in time direction, dissipative defectless 4D-continuum. In the model the fourth component of the 4D-displacement vector is locally irregular time R. The kinematic model comprises 3D-tensor of distortion, 3Dvector of velocity, 3D-gradient vector of local irregular time and entropy in unified tensor object which is an asymmetrical 4D-tensor of distortion of second rank. Consequently, the force model comprises 3D-tensor of stress, 3D-vector of impulses, 3D-vector of heat flow and temperature in unified tensor object which is an asymmetrical 4D-stress tensor of second rank. Hooke’s law equations have been formulated which connect components of asymmetrical 4D-tensors of stress and distortion. Physical interpretations have been given to the tensors’ components of thermomechanical properties of formulated continuum. Therefore, the article formulate an irreversible dynamic thermoelasticity covariant model of ideal (defectless) continua in which basic kinematic and force variables are components of unified tensor objects and theory is represented by 4D-vector equation. Sedov’s equation has been derived and resulted into Euler’s equations, space projections of which determine motion equations, and time projection determines heat conductivity equation as well as the whole spectrum of the space-time boundary value problems. The proposed theory allows one to describe the scale effects in the thermal processes and opens prospects for studying the scale effects of the coupled dynamic thermoelasticity and its nanoscience applications. A temperature-scale refinement can also broaden the range of applicability of the law of heat conduction in solids to allow for design of small-sized components, devices and nano-systems.
Method of determining the degree of liquid aeration in a variable capacity displacement pump
Authors: Paszota Zygmunt
Published: October 2013

The Author concludes, that there is a possibility of determining a concrete value of the liquid aeration coefficient ε during the pump operation by finding such value of ε with which the increase ΔMPm|ΔpPi = pn, qPgv of torque of mechanical losses is proportional to the indicated torque MPi|ΔpPi = pn, qPgv determined with a fixed value ΔpPi = cte of increase of pressure in the pump working chambers. The fixed value ΔpPi assumed in searching the liquid aeration coefficient ε equals to the nominal pump operation pressure pn (ΔpPi = cte = pn ). The increase ΔMPm|ΔpPi = pn, qPgv of torque of mechanical losses with a fixed value of ΔpPi (ΔpPi = cte) is proportional to the pump geometrical working capacity qPgv , therefore: only with taking into account the aeration coefficient ε of liquid displaced by the pump the relation ΔMPm|ΔpPi = pn, qPgv ~ qPgv can be obtained from tests. The method, proposed by the Author, of determining the working liquid aeration coefficient ε, is presented in this paper and has been practically applied for the first time by Jan Koralewski in his investigations of the influence of viscosity and compressibility of aerated hydraulic oil on volumetric and mechanical losses in a pump of HYDROMATIK A7V.58.1.R.P.F.00 type [8, 9].
Energy efficiency of a hydrostatic drive with proportional control compared with volumetric control
Authors: Skorek Grzegorz
Published: October 2013

There are uninvestigated areas connected with behaviour of elements in hydraulic systems with different structures. Unawareness of proportions of the energy, volumetric, pressure and mechanical losses in elements is often the case. Problems connected with energy efficiency are essential for improvement of functionality and quality of hydrostatic drive systems, characterised by unquestioned advantages but also by relatively low efficiency in comparison with other types of drive. Energy efficiency of hydrostatic transmissions, particularly those with throttling control of the motor speed, and also efficiency of the hydraulic servo-mechanism systems may be in fact higher than the values most often quoted in publications on the subject. Possibility of calculating the real value of the hydraulic system overall efficiency as a function of many parameters influencing it, becomes a tool of complete evaluation of the designed system quality. The paper compares efficiencies of systems with cylinder proportional control and efficiency of the system volumetric control by a variable capacity pump. Presented are also two schematic diagrams of the investigated hydrostatic systems, their principle of operation and problems of studying losses in elements and energy efficiency of systems consisting of a feed assembly, control set and cylinder.
Posicast control of a class of fractional-order processes
Authors: Gonzalez Emmanuel , Hung John , Dorcak Lubomir , Terpak Jan , Petras Ivo
Published: October 2013

The number of studies on the control of fractional-order processes—processes having dynamics described by differential equations of arbitrary order—has been increasing in the past two decades and it is now ubiquitous. Various methods have emerged and have been proven to effectively control such processes—usually resulting in fractional-order controllers similar to their conventional integer-order counterparts, which include, but are not limited to fractional PID and fractional lead-lag controllers. However, such methods require a lot of computational effort and fractional-order controllers could be challenging when it comes to their synthesis and implementation. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective delay-based controller with the use of the Posicast control methodology in controlling the overshoot of a fractional-order process of the class $$\mathcal{P}:\left\{ {P\left( s \right) = {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\left( {as^\alpha + b} \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {as^\alpha + b} \right)}}} \right\}$$ having orders 1 < α < 2. Such controllers have proven to be easy to implement because they only require delays and summers. In this paper, the Posicast control methodology introduced in the past few years is modified to minimize the overshoot of the processes step response to a level that is acceptable in control engineering and automation practices. Furthermore, proof of the existence of overshoot for such class of processes, as well as the determination of the peak-time of the open-loop response of a fractional-order process of the class P is presented. Validation through numerical simulations for a class of fractional-order processes are presented in this paper.
Parameters Influencing the Response of a Base-Isolated Building
Authors: Ounis Hadj Mohamed , Ounis Abdelhafid
Published: October 2013

In order to illustrate the effect of damping on the response of a base-isolated building, a large investigation was undertaken. It consists of a parametric study, which takes into account the progressive variation of the damping ratio (10% to 30%) under different seismic excitations. Using a time history analysis of displacements and accelerations at various levels of the building, the results show that the efficiency of the isolator increases with the assumed damping ratio, provided that the latter is less than or equal to 20%. Beyond this value, the isolator becomes less useful.
Proline enhances antioxidative enzyme activity, photosynthesis and yield of Cicer arietinum L. exposed to cadmium stress
Authors: Hayat Shamsul , Hayat Qaiser , Alyemeni Mohammed Nasser , Ahmad Aqil
Published: October 2013

Seeds of chickpea inoculated with Rhizobium were sown in pots supplemented with different doses of cadmium (0, 25, 50 or 100 mg per kg of soil). At the stage of 30 days after sowing (DAS), the plants were sprayed with 20 mM solution of proline and were sampled at 90 DAS to assess the various parameters. The foliar treatment of proline resulted in the alleviation of the adverse effects generated by metal exposure, which was expressed in terms of the increase in plant growth. The activity of carbonic anhydrase in the cadmium-fed plants sprayed with proline was higher than that of control. The proline applied as foliar spray increased the photosynthetic attributes and yield characteristics in the cadmium-stressed plants. The activity of antioxidative enzymes increased with increasing concentration of cadmium. Maximum values were recorded in the plants exposed to 100 mg cadmium per kg of soil.
Effect of Temperature on Shear Strength of Recycled Asphalt Shingles
Authors: Soleimanbeigi Ali , Edil Tuncer B. , Tinjum James M.
Published: October 2013

The effect of seasonal variations in field temperature on the shear strength of recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) improved by mixing with bottom ash (BA) was evaluated for their use as structural fill material in highway embankments. Typical field temperatures ranging from 5°C to 35°C were induced to compacted mixtures of RAS:BA. An increase in temperature reduced the shear strength of compacted mixtures of RAS:BA, and therefore temperature effects should be taken into consideration in design. The friction angle of compacted RAS:BA mixtures, however, remained within the range suitable for stability of embankment fills. Thermal cycling induced thermal preloading to the mixtures containing RAS; this preloading in turn increased shear strength. From these results, to achieve optimum engineering behavior, construction of highway embankments made with granular materials containing RAS is recommended during warm seasons. The use of RAS in high-volume structural fill applications can contribute to more sustainable roadway infrastructure.
CD8+ T Cell-Induced Expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinses-1 Exacerbated Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hsieh Jeng-Long , Shiau Ai-Li , Lee Che-Hsin , Yang Shiu-Ju , Lee Bih-O , Jou I-Ming , Wu Chao-Liang , Chen Shun-Hua , Shen Po-Chuan
Published: October 2013

Despites the fact that T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) little is known about the roles of CD8+ T cells in this disease. We investigated the effects of CD8+ T cells and the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) on joint pathology. Using anterior cruciate ligament-transection (ACLT), OA was induced in mice. The knee joints were histologically assessed for manifestations of OA. The CD8+ T cells from splenocytes and synovium were flow-cytometrically and immunochemically evaluated, respectively. Local expression of TIMP-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, and VEGF were examined. Cartilage degeneration was slower in CD8+ T cell knockout mice than in control mice. CD8+ T cells were activated once OA was initiated and expanded during OA progression. More CD8+ T cells from splenocytes expressed TIMP-1 in ACLT-group mice than in Sham-group mice. The number of TIMP-1-expressing CD8+ T cells in OA mice correlated with the disease severity. TIMP-1 expression in cartilage was co-localized with that of MMP-13 and VEGF. TIMP-1 protein was detected in synovium in which angiogenesis occurred. During the pathogenesis of OA, the expression of TIMP-1, VEGF and MMP-13 accompanying with CD8+ T cells activation were increased. Furthermore, inhibiting the expression of TIMP-1 in joints could retard the progression of OA.
The Piancatelli Rearrangement: New Applications for an Intriguing Reaction
Authors: Piutti Claudia , Quartieri Francesca
Published: October 2013

Nearly forty years ago, at the University of Rome, Giovanni Piancatelli and co-workers discovered the acid-catalyzed water-mediated rearrangement of 2-furylcarbinols into 4-hydroxycyclopentenones. These motifs are core components of several pharmacologically active compounds and precursors of many natural products. The main features of this reaction are the simple experimental conditions, the stereochemical outcome and the generality of the procedure. Consequently, a re-emergence of this reaction has been seen recently, including developments of the Piancatelli rearrangement with some interesting inter- and intramolecular variants. This review will mainly focus on the general aspects of the reaction along with its more recent applications.
Anti-Plasmodial Activity of Some Zulu Medicinal Plants and of Some Triterpenes Isolated from Them
Authors: Simelane Mthokozisi , Shonhai Addmore , Shode Francis , Smith Peter , Singh Mogie , Opoku Andy
Published: October 2013

Mimusops caffra E. Mey. ex A.DC and Mimusops obtusifolia Lam (both members of the Sapotaceae family), and Hypoxis colchicifolia Bak (family Hypoxidaceae) are used by traditional healers in Zululand to manage malaria. Anti-plasmodial investigation of the crude extracts and some triterpenes isolated from the plants showed activity against a chloroquine sensitive (CQS) strain of Plasmodium falciparum (D10). Among the crude extracts the leaves of M. caffra exhibited the highest activity, with an IC50 of 2.14 μg/mL. The pentacyclic tritepenoid ursolic acid (1), isolated from the leaves of M. caffra was the most active compound (IC50 6.8 μg/mL) as compared to taraxerol (2) and sawamilletin (3) isolated from the stem bark of M. obtusifolia (IC50 > 100). Chemical modification of the ursolic acid (1) to 3β-acetylursolic acid (4) greatly enhanced its anti-plasmodial activity. Compound 4 reduced parasitaemia against Plasmodium berghei by 94.01% in in vivo studies in mice. The cytotoxicity of 3β-acetylursolic acid (IC50) to two human cell lines (HEK293 and HepG2) was 366.00 μg/mL and 566.09 μg/mL, respectively. The results validate the use of these plants in folk medicine.
Synthesis of Boron-Containing Primary Amines
Authors: Chung Sheng-Hsuan , Lin Ting-Ju , Hu Qian-Yu , Tsai Chia-Hua , Pan Po-Shen
Published: October 2013

In this study, boron-containing primary amines were synthesized for use as building blocks in the study of peptoids. In the first step, Gabriel synthesis conditions were modified to enable the construction of seven different aminomethylphenyl boronate esters in good to excellent yields. These compounds were further utilized to build peptoid analogs via an Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR) under microwave irradiation. The prepared Ugi-4CR boronate esters were then successfully converted to the corresponding boronic acids. Finally, the peptoid structures were successfully modified by cross-coupling to aryl/heteroaryl chlorides via a palladium-mediated Suzuki coupling reaction to yield the corresponding derivatives in moderate to good yields.
Hébron : les affres de la colonisation
Authors: Abu Eisheh Anwar
Published: October 2013

Hébron, ville à forte résonance historique, se trouve du fait de son statut au cœur du conflit israélo-palestinien. La colonisation très agressive a conduit à la division de la ville. Cet état de fait illustre la violence politique israélienne et nourrit les réflexes de violence dans la population locale, sans compter que la gestion de la ville au quotidien est des plus complexes. Cet article revient sur l’histoire de la ville et sur les affres qui s’y vivent du fait de sa situation géopolitique.
Les assassinats ciblés ou comment détruire un processus politique
Authors: Chagnollaud Jean-Paul
Published: October 2013

Depuis les années 1970, Israël a eu recours à des assassinats ciblés de responsables palestiniens. Pendant la seconde Intifada, cette pratique a été utilisée de manière systématique; quelques centaines de personnes ont ainsi été tuées au nom de la lutte contre le terrorisme. Le discours officiel les a toujours présentés comme un moyen efficace de protéger les vies des Israéliens en éliminant de manière préventive les terroristes. En réalité, si cette justification peut se discuter, l’objectif de ces assassinats ciblés sur une large échelle participait de la politique de répression tous azimuts, entreprise par Ariel Sharon qui voulait, selon ses propres termes, effacer Oslo et continuer la guerre de 1948.
La nouvelle acuité de la question des prisonniers palestiniens
Authors: Bamya Majed
Published: October 2013

La question des prisonniers palestiniens, qui peut être clairement considérée comme fondamentale pour des raisons que nous évoquerons tout au long de cet entretien, a pourtant été marginale dans les négociations de paix. Comment expliquer cette contradiction? Et comment cette question, si longtemps passée sous silence, trouva enfin toute sa place, en s’imposant comme un élément décisif pour une possible reprise des négociations de paix?
Un demi-siècle de militantisme pro-palestinien en France : évolution, bilan et perspectives
Authors: Hecker Marc
Published: October 2013

Le soutien à la cause palestinienne a émergé en France dans les années 1960 et s’est structuré autour de quatre tendances : les réseaux arabes, les « cathos de gauche », une partie des gaullistes et l’extrême-gauche. Depuis lors, la mouvance pro-palestinienne a beaucoup évolué et attire notamment de nombreux musulmans. Des questions comme l’attitude à adopter vis-à-vis du Hamas ne manquent pas de susciter des tensions.
Asymptomatic HLA-A*02:01–Restricted Epitopes from Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein B Preferentially Recall Polyfunctional CD8+ T Cells from Seropositive Asymptomatic Individuals and Protect HLA Transgenic Mice against Ocular Herpes
Authors: Dervillez Xavier , Qureshi Huma , Chentoufi Aziz A. , Khan Arif A. , Kritzer Elizabeth , Yu David C. , Diaz Oscar R. , Gottimukkala Chetan , Kalantari Mina , Villacres Maria C. , Scarfone Vanessa M. , McKinney Denise M. , Sidney John , Sette Alessandro , Nesburn Anthony B. , Wechsler Steven L. , BenMohamed Lbachir
Published: October 2013

Evidence from C57BL/6 mice suggests that CD8+ T cells, specific to the immunodominant HSV-1 glycoprotein B (gB) H-2b–restricted epitope (gB498–505), protect against ocular herpes infection and disease. However, the possible role of CD8+ T cells, specific to HLA-restricted gB epitopes, in protective immunity seen in HSV-1–seropositive asymptomatic (ASYMP) healthy individuals (who have never had clinical herpes) remains to be determined. In this study, we used multiple prediction algorithms to identify 10 potential HLA-A*02:01–restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes from the HSV-1 gB amino acid sequence. Six of these epitopes exhibited high-affinity binding to HLA-A*02:01 molecules. In 10 sequentially studied HLA-A*02:01–positive, HSV-1–seropositive ASYMP individuals, the most frequent, robust, and polyfunctional CD8+ T cell responses, as assessed by a combination of tetramer, IFN-γ-ELISPOT, CFSE proliferation, CD107a/b cytotoxic degranulation, and multiplex cytokine assays, were directed mainly against epitopes gB342–350 and gB561–569. In contrast, in 10 HLA-A*02:01–positive, HSV-1–seropositive symptomatic (SYMP) individuals (with a history of numerous episodes of recurrent clinical herpes disease) frequent, but less robust, CD8+ T cell responses were directed mainly against nonoverlapping epitopes (gB183–191 and gB441–449). ASYMP individuals had a significantly higher proportion of HSV-gB–specific CD8+ T cells expressing CD107a/b degranulation marker and producing effector cytokines IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α than did SYMP individuals. Moreover, immunization of a novel herpes-susceptible HLA-A*02:01 transgenic mouse model with ASYMP epitopes, but not with SYMP epitopes, induced strong CD8+ T cell–dependent protective immunity against ocular herpes infection and disease. These findings should guide the development of a safe and effective T cell–based herpes vaccine.
Contemporary Approach in Successful Endodontic Intervention in ‘Radix Entomolaris’
Authors: Kokate Sharad R , Pawar Ajinkya M , Hegde Vibha R
Published: October 2013

The main objective of successful endodontic therapy is thorough mechanical shaping and chemical cleaning of the entire root canal system followed by three-dimensional obturation. Variation of the root canal morphology especially in multirooted teeth is a constant challenge for diagnosis and successful endodontic therapy. Mandibular molars can have an additional root located lingually (the radix entomolaris) or buccally (the radix paramolaris). An awareness and understanding of presence of additional root and unusual root canal morphology is essential as it determines the successful outcome of endodontic treatment. The present article focuses on the identification, access cavity modification and contemporary management of the distolingual root of mandibular 1st molars.

How to cite this article

Pawar AM, Kokate SR, Hegde VR. Contemporary Approach in Successful Endodontic Intervention in ‘Radix Entomolaris’. World J Dent 2013;4(3):208-213.
Unilateral Corneal Ectasia after Bilateral LASIK: The Thick Flap Counts
Authors: Valbon Bruno Freitas , Glicéria Juliana , Santos Rodrigo , Alves Milton Ruiz
Published: October 2013

Purpose

To report a case of post-LASIK corneal ectasia due to a thick flap, while the contralateral eye did not develop ectasia after an incomplete deep flap cut, followed by a thinner flap LASIK procedure.

Methods

Case report

Results

This 45 years old female patient had bilateral myopic LASIK in 1999. Preoperative anterior curvature map was regular with no signs of keratoconus. Central keratometry was 42.88 × 44.70 @ 163 in OD and 43.43 × 45.24 @ 175 in OS. Ultrasound central corneal thickness was 586 μm and 619 μm in the right eye and left eye, respectively. Corneal OCT identified a deep meniscus-shaped LASIK flap, with a central thickness of a 392 μm in the right eye, and an incomplete deep peripheral cut in the left eye with a thinner meniscus-shaped LASIK flap.

Conclusion

Unilateral ectasia after LASIK may occur due to a thick flap which leads to biomechanical failure of the cornea.

How to cite this article

Valbon BF, Ambrosio R Jr, Glicéria J, Santos R, Luz A, Alves MR. Unilateral Corneal Ectasia after Bilateral LASIK: The Thick Flap Counts. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2013;2(2):79-83.
A feasibility study for the retrieval of the total column precipitable water vapour from satellite observations in the blue spectral range
Authors: Wagner T. , Beirle S. , Sihler H. , Mies K.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. We present a new algorithm for satellite retrievals of the atmospheric water vapour column in the blue spectral range. The water vapour absorption cross section in the blue spectral range is much weaker than in the red spectral range. Thus the detection limit and the uncertainty of individual observations are systematically larger than for retrievals at longer wavelengths. Nevertheless, water vapour retrievals in the blue spectral range have also several advantages: since the surface albedo in the blue spectral range is similar over land and ocean, water vapour retrievals are more consistent than for longer wavelengths. Compared to retrievals at longer wavelengths, the sensitivity for atmospheric layers close to the surface is higher due to the (typically 2 to 3 times) higher ocean albedo in the blue. Water vapour retrievals in the blue spectral range are also possible for satellite sensors, which do not measure at longer wavelengths of the visible spectral range like the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). We investigated details of the water vapour retrieval in the blue spectral range based on radiative transfer simulations and observations from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2) and OMI. It is demonstrated that it is possible to retrieve the atmospheric water vapour column density in the blue spectral range over most parts of the globe. The findings of our study are of importance also for future satellite missions (e.g. Sentinel 4 and 5).
Carbon density and anthropogenic land-use influences on net land-use change emissions
Authors: Smith S. J. , Rothwell A.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. We examine historical and future land-use emissions using a simple mechanistic carbon-cycle model with regional and ecosystem specific parameterizations. We use the latest gridded data for historical and future land-use changes, which includes estimates for the impact of forest harvesting and secondary forest regrowth. Our central estimate of net terrestrial land-use change emissions, exclusive of climate–carbon feedbacks, is 250 GtC over the last 300 yr. This estimate is most sensitive to assumptions for preindustrial forest and soil carbon densities. We also find that land-use change emissions estimates are sensitive to the treatment of crop and pasture lands. These sensitivities also translate into differences in future terrestrial uptake in the RCP (representative concentration pathway) 4.5 land-use scenario. The estimate of future uptake obtained here is smaller than the native values from the GCAM (Global Change Assessment Model) integrated assessment model result due to lower net reforestation in the RCP4.5 gridded land-use data product.
Rule-based segmentation of LIDAR point cloud for automatic extraction of building roof planes
Authors: Awrangjeb M. , Fraser C. S.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. This paper presents a new segmentation technique for LIDAR point cloud data for automatic extraction of building roof planes. Using the ground height from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the raw LIDAR points are separated into two groups: ground and nonground points. The ground points are used to generate a "building mask" in which the black areas represent the ground where there are no laser returns below a certain height. The non-ground points are segmented to extract the planar roof segments. First, the building mask is divided into small grid cells. The cells containing the black pixels are clustered such that each cluster represents an individual building or tree. Second, the non-ground points within a cluster are segmented based on their coplanarity and neighbourhood relations. Third, the planar segments are refined using a rule-based procedure that assigns the common points among the planar segments to the appropriate segments. Finally, another rule-based procedure is applied to remove tree planes which are small in size and randomly oriented. Experimental results on the Vaihingen data set show that the proposed method offers high building detection and roof plane extraction rates.
Image-Based Rendering of LOD1 3D City Models for traffic-augmented Immersive Street-view Navigation
Authors: Brédif M.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. It may be argued that urban areas may now be modeled with sufficient details for realistic fly-through over the cities at a reasonable price point. Modeling cities at the street level for immersive street-view navigation is however still a very expensive (or even impossible) operation if one tries to match the level of detail acquired by street-view mobile mapping imagery. This paper proposes to leverage the richness of these street-view images with the common availability of nation-wide LOD1 3D city models, using an image-based rendering technique : projective multi-texturing. Such a coarse 3D city model may be used as a lightweight scene proxy of approximate coarse geometry. The images neighboring the interpolated viewpoint are projected onto this scene proxy using their estimated poses and calibrations and blended together according to their relative distance. This enables an immersive navigation within the image dataset that is perfectly equal to – and thus as rich as – original images when viewed from their viewpoint location, and which degrades gracefully in between viewpoint locations. Beyond proving the applicability of this preprocessing-free computer graphics technique to mobile mapping images and LOD1 3D city models, our contributions are three-fold. Firstly, image distortion is corrected online in the GPU, preventing an extra image resampling step. Secondly, externally-computed binary masks may be used to discard pixels corresponding to moving objects. Thirdly, we propose a shadowmap-inspired technique that prevents, at marginal cost, the projective texturing of surfaces beyond the first, as seen from the projected image viewpoint location. Finally, an augmented visualization application is introduced to showcase the proposed immersive navigation: images are unpopulated from vehicles using externally-computed binary masks and repopulated using a 3D visualization of a 2D traffic simulation.
Automated Extraction of Buildings and Roads in a Graph Partitioning Framework
Authors: Ok A. O.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. This paper presents an original unsupervised framework to identify regions belonging to buildings and roads from monocular very high resolution (VHR) satellite images. The proposed framework consists of three main stages. In the first stage, we extract information only related to building regions using shadow evidence and probabilistic fuzzy landscapes. Firstly, the shadow areas cast by building objects are detected and the directional spatial relationship between buildings and their shadows is modelled with the knowledge of illumination direction. Thereafter, each shadow region is handled separately and initial building regions are identified by iterative graph-cuts designed in a two-label partitioning. The second stage of the framework automatically classifies the image into four classes: building, shadow, vegetation, and others. In this step, the previously labelled building regions as well as the shadow and vegetation areas are involved in a four-label graph optimization performed in the entire image domain to achieve the unsupervised classification result. The final stage aims to extend this classification to five classes in which the class road is involved. For that purpose, we extract the regions that might belong to road segments and utilize that information in a final graph optimization. This final stage eventually characterizes the regions belonging to buildings and roads. Experiments performed on seven test images selected from GeoEye-1 VHR datasets show that the presented approach has ability to extract the regions belonging to buildings and roads in a single graph theory framework.
A particle based simulation model for glacier dynamics
Authors: Åström J. A. , Riikilä T. I. , Tallinen T. , Zwinger T. , Benn D. , Moore J. C. , Timonen J.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. A particle-based computer simulation model was developed for investigating the dynamics of glaciers. In the model, large ice bodies are made of discrete elastic particles which are bound together by massless elastic beams. These beams can break, which induces brittle behaviour. At loads below fracture, beams may also break and reform with small probabilities to incorporate slowly deforming viscous behaviour in the model. This model has the advantage that it can simulate important physical processes such as ice calving and fracturing in a more realistic way than traditional continuum models. For benchmarking purposes the deformation of an ice block on a slip-free surface was compared to that of a similar block simulated with a Finite Element full-Stokes continuum model. Two simulations were performed: (1) calving of an ice block partially supported in water, similar to a grounded marine glacier terminus, and (2) fracturing of an ice block on an inclined plane of varying basal friction, which could represent transition to fast flow or surging. Despite several approximations, including restriction to two-dimensions and simplified water-ice interaction, the model was able to reproduce the size distributions of the debris observed in calving, which may be approximated by universal scaling laws. On a moderate slope, a large ice block was stable and quiescent as long as there was enough of friction against the substrate. For a critical length of frictional contact, global sliding began, and the model block disintegrated in a manner suggestive of a surging glacier. In this case the fragment size distribution produced was typical of a grinding process.
Making big data, in theory
Authors: Boellstorff Tom
Published: October 2013

In this paper, I explore four conceptual interventions that can contribute to the “big theory” sorely needed in regard to big data. This includes temporality and the possibilities of “dated theory,” the implicit histories of the meta- prefix shaping notions of metadata, “the dialectic of surveillance and recognition,” and questions of interpretation understood in terms of “rotted data” and “thick data.” In developing these concepts, I seek to expand frameworks for addressing issues of time, context, and power. It is vital that a vibrant theoretical discussion shape emerging regimes of “big data,” as these regimes are poised to play an important role regarding the mutual constitution of technology and society.
Data not seen: The uses and shortcomings of social media metrics
Authors: Baym Nancy K.
Published: October 2013

This paper looks at the use of online data, especially social media metrics, to assess media audiences, with particular focus on musicians. It shows how audiences are defined by different sets of people, and grounds the use of social media to understand audiences in the history of mass media audience measurement. The second half of the paper focuses on visible social media metrics — likes, followers, and other such counts — outlining their appeal as measures and highlighting their fallibility and ambiguity. Throughout, the paper argues that different people construct information systems to collect, store, analyze, and interpret data, and that these are shaped by value systems. Metric and big data analysis generally serves economic values, while other approaches to data may be more appropriate for assessing social and personal values.
A critical reflection on Big Data: Considering APIs, researchers and tools as data makers
Authors: Vis Farida
Published: October 2013

This paper looks at how data is ‘made’, by whom and how. Rather than assuming data already exists ‘out there’, waiting to simply be recovered and turned into findings, the paper examines how data is co–produced through dynamic research intersections. A particular focus is the intersections between the application programming interface (API), the researcher collecting the data as well as the tools used to process it. In light of this, this paper offers three new ways to define and think about Big Data and proposes a series of practical suggestions for making data.
ColombianAnopheles triannulatus(Diptera: Culicidae) Naturally Infected withPlasmodiumspp.
Authors: Rosero Doris A. , Naranjo-Diaz Nelson , Alvarez Natalí , Cienfuegos Astrid V. , Torres Carolina , Luckhart Shirley , Correa Margarita M.
Published: October 2013

The role ofAnopheles triannulatusas a local vector has not yet been defined for malaria-endemic regions of Colombia. Therefore, the aim of this work was to detectAn. triannulatusnaturally infected withPlasmodiumspp., as an approximation to determining its importance as malaria vector in the country. A total of 510An. triannulatuswere collected in six malaria-endemic localities of NW and SE Colombia from January 2009 to March 2011. In the NW, two specimens were naturally infected; one withPlasmodium vivaxVK247, collected biting on humans and the other withPlasmodium falciparum, collected resting on cattle. In the SE, two specimens were positive forP. falciparum. Although these results showAn. triannulatusnaturally infected withPlasmodium, further studies are recommended to demonstrate the epidemiological importance of this species in malaria-endemic regions of Colombia.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de doce de goiaba cremoso adicionado de farinha de okara
Authors: Leite Júnior Bruno Ricardo de Castro , Oliveira Patricia Martins de , Castro Renan Luís Emídio de , Lamas Joaquim Mário Neiva , Martins Eliane Maurício Furtado
Published: October 2013

Objetivou-se desenvolver doce de goiaba cremoso adicionado de 1 e 3 % de farinha de okara. Verificou-se teores expressivos de proteína, gordura e fibra na farinha. Para os doces, após a fabricação, a acidez e Aw não diferiram entre as amostras, já para pH, SST, proteína e gordura, a amostra contendo 3 % de farinha obteve as maiores médias. Este aumento é desejável, visto que o okara apresenta, em sua constituição, uma alta concentração de aminoácidos essenciais, além de conter ácidos graxos poliinsaturados. Na análise sensorial e intenção de compra, obteve menores médias. No entanto, mesmo havendo diferença, todas as amostras se enquadraram entre “gostei ligeiramente” a “gostei extremamente”. Após 70 dias, o controle apresentou as maiores médias para pH e Aw. Quanto à cor, a amostra controle diferiu daquela adicionada de 3% para L*, a* e b*, e, após 70 dias, somente L* diferiu. Todas as amostras estavam de acordo com a legislação para bolores e leveduras. Assim, os produtos enriquecidos obtiveram alto valor nutricional e boa aceitação. Desta forma, este produto surge como uma nova alternativa para a indústria processadora de frutas com o reaproveitamento de subprodutos.
Solve It! Student Thinking: Aunt Martha's Cupcakes
Authors: Bair Sherry L. , Mooney Edward S.
Published: October 2013

Solutions to a February 2013 Solve It! problem are discussed, and the procedures used with problem solving are explored.
The Whole Story: Understanding Fraction Computation
Authors: Dixon Juli K. , Tobias Jennifer M.
Published: October 2013

Anticipate and address errors that arise when fractions are placed in context and illustrated with models.
From Teaching to Coaching
Authors: Zuspan Tara
Published: October 2013

See how this author's journey proved that focusing an adult learning community on communication and collaboration can potentially increase student learning.
A Tale of Three Teachers
Authors: Chapman Sue , Leonard Allison , Burciaga Sandra , Jernigan Theresa
Published: October 2013

Are you interested in taking an active role in improving mathematics education? These stories of informal, semiformal, and formal school leaders at work may suggest a path.