bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic plasticity improves lobster’s resilience to ocean warming but not to climate-driven novel species interactions
Authors: Oellermann Michael , Fitzgibbon Quinn P. , Twiname Samantha , Pecl Gretta T.
Published: March 2022

Marine species not only suffer from direct effects of warming oceans but also indirectly via the emergence of novel species interactions. While metabolic adjustments can be crucial to improve resilience to warming, it is largely unknown if this improves performance relative to novel competitors. We aimed to identify if spiny lobsters—inhabiting a global warming and species re-distribution hotspot—align their metabolic performance to improve resilience to both warming and novel species interactions. We measured metabolic and escape capacity of two Australian spiny lobsters, resident Jasus edwardsii and the range-shifting Sagmariasus verreauxi, acclimated to current average—(14.0 °C), current summer—(17.5 °C) and projected future summer—(21.5 °C) habitat temperatures. We found that both species decreased their standard metabolic rate with increased acclimation temperature, while sustaining their scope for aerobic metabolism. However, the resident lobster showed reduced anaerobic escape performance at warmer temperatures and failed to match the metabolic capacity of the range-shifting lobster. We conclude that although resident spiny lobsters optimise metabolism in response to seasonal and future temperature changes, they may be unable to physiologically outperform their range-shifting competitors. This highlights the critical importance of exploring direct as well as indirect effects of temperature changes to understand climate change impacts.
Synergistic effects of carvacrol, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, ρ-cymene and linalool against Gardnerella species
Authors: Sousa Lúcia G. V. , Castro Joana , Cavaleiro Carlos , Salgueiro Lígia , Tomás Mariana , Palmeira-Oliveira Rita , Martinez-Oliveira José , Cerca Nuno
Published: March 2022

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection affecting women worldwide. This infection is characterized by the loss of the dominant Lactobacillus community in the vaginal microbiota and an increase of anaerobic bacteria, that leads to the formation of a polymicrobial biofilm, mostly composed of Gardnerella spp. Treatment of BV is normally performed using broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as metronidazole and clindamycin. However, the high levels of recurrence of infection after treatment cessation have led to a demand for new therapeutic alternatives. Thymbra capitata essential oils (EOs) are known to have a wide spectrum of biological properties, including antibacterial activity. Thus, herein, we characterized two EOs of T. capitata and tested their antimicrobial activity as well as some of their main components, aiming to assess possible synergistic effects. Our findings showed that carvacrol and ρ-cymene established a strong synergistic antimicrobial effect against planktonic cultures of Gardnerella spp. On biofilm, carvacrol and linalool at sub-MIC concentrations proved more efficient in eliminating biofilm cells, while showing no cytotoxicity observed in a reconstituted human vaginal epithelium. The antibiofilm potential of the EOs and compounds was highlighted by the fact cells were not able to recover culturability after exposure to fresh medium.
A genetic risk score of alleles related to MGUS interacts with socioeconomic position in a population-based cohort
Authors: Baak Lisa , Frank Mirjam , Dürig Jan , Dührsen Ulrich , Hoffmann Per , Nöthen Markus M. , Dragano Nico , Erbel Raimund , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Schmidt Börge
Published: March 2022

Environmental, genetic, and social factors are suggested to jointly influence monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor of multiple myeloma. Aim of this study was to investigate interactions between MGUS-related genetic variants and socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators education and income on MGUS in a population-based study. Two different MGUS-related genetic risk allele sum scores (GRS) were calculated based on recent genome-wide meta-analyses. Odds Ratios (OR) were estimated in 4329 participants including 238 MGUS cases to assess associations and multiplicative interaction. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was calculated to assess additive interaction. Both GRSs were associated with MGUS. A multiplicative interaction between one GRS and education was observed with genetic effects of OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.11–1.62) per risk allele in the highest and OR 1.06 (95% CI 0.86–1.31) in the lowest education group. A RERI of 0.10 (95% CI 0.05–0.14) also indicated additive interaction. Further, additive GRS by income interaction (RERI 0.07; 95% CI 0.01–0.13) for the same GRS was also indicated. Results indicate interaction between MGUS-related genetic risk and SEP. Non-genetic MGUS risk factors more common in higher education groups may influence the expression of MGUS-related genetic variants.
Ceftolozane/tazobactam versus colistin in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia due to extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Mogyoródi Bence , Csékó András B. , Hermann Csaba , Gál János , Iványi Zsolt D.
Published: March 2022

Resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common pathogens in the intensive care unit (ICU), limiting available therapeutic options. We aimed to compare ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) with colistimethate sodium (CMS) in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) due to extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A retrospective, observational study was performed at a tertiary care ICU. Clinical and microbiological success rate, 28-day all-cause mortality, and adverse events were compared in patients who received C/T with those treated with systemic CMS. A total of 51 patients were included (18 in the C/T and 33 in the CMS group). Clinical success rates in the C/T and CMS groups were 13 (72.2%) and 10 (30.3%), respectively. On multivariate regression analysis, treatment with C/T was independently associated with clinical success (odds ratio 4.47, 95% CI 1.17–17.08). There was no difference in 28-day all-cause mortality (27.8% and 33.3% in the C/T and CMS group, p = 0.76). Acute kidney injury was more common in patients who received CMS (48.5% vs 11.1%, p = 0.01). In our study, ceftolozane/tazobactam was more efficacious in the treatment of XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa VAP and showed a better safety profile compared to CMS.
Interpretable EEG seizure prediction using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Pinto Mauro , Coelho Tiago , Leal Adriana , Lopes Fábio , Dourado António , Martins Pedro , Teixeira César
Published: March 2022

Seizure prediction might be the solution to tackle the apparent unpredictability of seizures in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, which comprise about a third of all patients with epilepsy. Designing seizure prediction models involves defining the pre-ictal period, a transition stage between inter-ictal brain activity and the seizure discharge. This period is typically a fixed interval, with some recent studies reporting the evaluation of different patient-specific pre-ictal intervals. Recently, researchers have aimed to determine the pre-ictal period, a transition stage between regular brain activity and a seizure. Authors have been using deep learning models given the ability of such models to automatically perform pre-processing, feature extraction, classification, and handling temporal and spatial dependencies. As these approaches create black-box models, clinicians may not have sufficient trust to use them in high-stake decisions. By considering these problems, we developed an evolutionary seizure prediction model that identifies the best set of features while automatically searching for the pre-ictal period and accounting for patient comfort. This methodology provides patient-specific interpretable insights, which might contribute to a better understanding of seizure generation processes and explain the algorithm’s decisions. We tested our methodology on 238 seizures and 3687 h of continuous data, recorded on scalp recordings from 93 patients with several types of focal and generalised epilepsies. We compared the results with a seizure surrogate predictor and obtained a performance above chance for 32% patients. We also compared our results with a control method based on the standard machine learning pipeline (pre-processing, feature extraction, classifier training, and post-processing), where the control marginally outperformed our approach by validating 35% of the patients. In total, 54 patients performed above chance for at least one method: our methodology or the control one. Of these 54 patients, 21 ($$\approx$$
≈
38%) were solely validated by our methodology, while 24 ($$\approx$$
≈
44%) were only validated by the control method. These findings may evidence the need for different methodologies concerning different patients.
The different overall survival between single-agent EGFR-TKI treatment and with bevacizumab in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis
Authors: Chiu Tzu-Hsuan , Tung Pi-Hung , Huang Chi-Hsien , Ju Jia-Shiuan , Huang Allen Chung-Cheng , Wang Chin-Chou , Ko Ho-Wen , Hsu Ping-Chih , Fang Yueh-Fu , Guo Yi-Ke , Kuo Chih-Hsi Scott , Yang Cheng-Ta
Published: March 2022

Comparison of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) monotherapy or with bevacizumab in real-world non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients was lacking. 310 patients of advanced NSCLC with common EGFR mutation receiving first-generation EGFR-TKI monotherapy or with bevacizumab were included and propensity-score matched. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and secondary T790M mutation were analysed. Patients receiving EGFR-TKI and bevacizumab were significantly younger, had better performance status and with high incidence of brain metastasis (55.8%). In the propensity-score matched cohort, PFS (13.5 vs. 13.7 months; log-rank p = 0.700) was similar between the two groups. The OS (61.3 vs. 34.2 months; log-rank p = 0.010) and risk reduction of death (HR 0.42 [95% CI 0.20–0.85]; p = 0.017) were significantly improved in EGFR-TKI plus bevacizumab group. Analysis of treatment by brain metastasis status demonstrated EGFR-TKI plus bevacizumab in patients with brain metastasis was associated with significant OS benefit compared to other groups (log-rank p = 0.030) and these patients had lower early-CNS and early-systemic progressions. The secondary T790M did not significantly differ between EGFR-TKI plus bevacizumab and EGFR-TKI monotherapy groups (66.7% vs. 75.0%, p = 0.460). Forty-one (31.1%) and 31 (23.5%) patients received subsequent osimertinib and chemotherapy, respectively. The post-progression OS of osimertinib and chemotherapy were 22.1 and 44.9 months in EGFR-TKI plus bevacizumab group and were 10.0 and 14.1 months in EGFR-TKI monotherpay group, respectively. First-generation EGFR-TKI with bevacizumab improved treatment efficacy in real-world patients of NSCLC with EGFR mutation. Patients with brain metastasis received additional OS benefit from this treatment.
The possible role of hypoxia in the affected tissue of relapsed clubfoot
Authors: Novotny Tomas , Eckhardt Adam , Doubkova Martina , Knitlova Jarmila , Vondrasek David , Vanaskova Eliska , Ostadal Martin , Uhlik Jiri , Bacakova Lucie , Musilkova Jana
Published: March 2022

Our aim was to study the expression of hypoxia-related proteins as a possible regulatory pathway in the contracted side tissue of relapsed clubfoot. We compared the expression of hypoxia-related proteins in the tissue of the contracted (medial) side of relapsed clubfoot, and in the tissue of the non-contracted (lateral) side of relapsed clubfoot. Tissue samples from ten patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and image analysis, Real-time PCR and Mass Spectrometry to evaluate the differences in protein composition and gene expression. We found a significant increase in the levels of smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-beta, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, lysyl oxidase, lysyl oxidase-like 2, tenascin C, matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, fibronectin, collagen types III and VI, hemoglobin subunit alpha and hemoglobin subunit beta, and an overexpression of ACTA2, FN1, TGFB1, HIF1A and MMP2 genes in the contracted medial side tissue of clubfoot. In the affected tissue, we have identified an increase in the level of hypoxia-related proteins, together with an overexpression of corresponding genes. Our results suggest that the hypoxia-associated pathway is potentially a factor contributing to the etiology of clubfoot relapses, as it stimulates both angioproliferation and fibroproliferation, which are considered to be key factors in the progression and development of relapses.
Dispersive and dissipative coupling of photon Bose-Einstein condensates
Authors: Toebes Chris , Vretenar Mario , Klaers Jan
Published: March 2022

The synchronization of coherent states of light has long been an important subject of basic research and technology. Recently, a new concept for analog computers has emerged where this synchronization process can be exploited to solve computationally hard problems - potentially faster and more energy-efficient than what can be achieved with conventional computer technology today. The unit cell of such systems consists of two coherent centers that are coupled to one another in a controlled manner. Here, we experimentally characterize and analyze the synchronization process of two photon Bose-Einstein condensates, which are coupled to one another, either dispersively or dissipatively. We show that both types of coupling are robust against a detuning of the condensate frequencies and show similar time constants in establishing mutual coherence. Significant differences between these couplings arise in the behaviour of the condensate populations under imbalanced optical pumping. The combination of these two types of coupling extends the class of physical models that can be investigated using analog simulations.
Projected reversal of oceanic stable carbon isotope ratio depth gradient with continued anthropogenic carbon emissions
Authors: Kwon Eun Young , Timmermann Axel , Tipple Brett J. , Schmittner Andreas
Published: March 2022

Paleoceanographic records suggest that the present-day vertical gradient in the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of dissolved inorganic carbon in the ocean was reversed during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, an early period of relatively rapid release of carbon into the climate system. Here we present simulations from an observationally constrained ocean model under various greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. We project a decrease in the globally averaged δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon in the surface ocean of between −1.8 to −6.3 ‰ by 2100. This reduction is driven by oceanic absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide, which is depleted in carbon-13. Our findings suggest an elimination or reversal of the natural vertical gradient in the δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon by 2100 unless anthropogenic carbon emissions are reduced soon. We conclude that the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum is a geologic analogue of future global carbon cycle perturbations under continued rapid anthropogenic carbon emissions.
Passive high-frequency microrheology of blood
Authors: Guzman-Sepulveda Jose Rafael , Batarseh Mahed , Wu Ruitao , DeCampli William M. , Dogariu Aristide
Published: March 2022

High-frequency viscoelasticity of blood can be measured passively by optical means and described by simple microrheological models in the regime where the erythrocytes test their immediate surroundings.
Dynamics of elastic, nonheavy spheres sedimenting in a rectangular duct
Authors: Noichl Isabell , Schönecker Clarissa
Published: March 2022

Elastic spheres sedimenting from rest within a bounded domain show different sedimentation dynamics than comparable rigid spheres. They accelerate over a longer period of time and reach a larger final sedimentation velocity.
Effect of oxygen termination on the interaction of first row transition metals with M2C MXenes and the feasibility of single-atom catalysts
Authors: Keyhanian Masoomeh , Farmanzadeh Davood , Morales-García Ángel , Illas Francesc
Published: March 2022

A systematic density functional theory study to investigate the stability of single-atom catalysts (SACs) over a series of O-terminated MXenes with the stoichiometry of M2CO2.
W4IrC1−x: a new noncentrosymmetric superconductor with a cubic β-Mn type structure
Authors: Zhu Qinqing , Xiao Guorui , Cui Yanwei , Yang Wuzhang , Wu Siqi , Cao Guang-han , Ren Zhi
Published: March 2022

A new noncentrosymmetric superconductor, W4IrC1−x, has been synthesized and characterized.
High-performance multivalued logic circuits based on optically tunable antiambipolar transistors
Authors: Panigrahi Debdatta , Hayakawa Ryoma , Wakayama Yutaka
Published: March 2022

A high-performance organic ternary logic circuit is developed. High carrier mobilities of the organic semiconductors and their contrasting photoresponse achieved a full-swing operation, optical controllability and high noise margin in the devices.
Effects of alloying for steam or dry reforming of methane: a review of recent studies
Authors: Torimoto Maki , Sekine Yasushi
Published: March 2022

A survey on the catalytic nature of Ni-based alloy catalysts in recent years provides a direction for future catalyst development.
In situ mass analysis of surface reactions using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy covering a wide range of frequencies
Authors: Kondo Toshiki , Inagaki Motoharu , Motobayashi Kenta , Ikeda Katsuyoshi
Published: March 2022

Both the structural change and mass change of adsorbates in heterogeneous surface reactions were simultaneously measured in situ using frequency-extended SERS spectroscopy.
Improving selenium accumulation in broilers using Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 with surface-displayed selenite reductase SerV01
Authors: Gong Yuxin , Wu Ying , Khan Aman , Song Peizhi , Wang Zhenfei , Ni Hongyuhang , Ji Jing , Salama El-Sayed , Liu Pu , Li Xiangkai
Published: March 2022

Cell surface display of selenite reductase SerV01 in EcN enhanced Se(iv) reduction to achieve better selenium supplementation, selenoenzyme activity and intestinal flora in broilers.
A silk composite fiber reinforced by telechelic-type polyalanine and its strengthening mechanism
Authors: Chen Jianming , Tsuchiya Kousuke , Masunaga Hiroyasu , Malay Ali D. , Numata Keiji
Published: March 2022

A telechelic-type polyalanine was doped in silkworm silk fibroins to prepare reinforced composite fibers, which exhibited 42% and 51% higher mechanical properties than silk-only fibers in terms of tensile strength and toughness, respectively.
Boosting the overall stability of organic solar cells by crosslinking vinyl-functionalized polymer derived from PM6
Authors: Tu Silong , Lin Xin , Xiao Liren , Zhen Hongyu , Wang Wen , Ling Qidan
Published: March 2022

Crosslinking of the vinyl-functionalized polymer (PM6-A5):Y6-based active layer can significantly boost overall stability (including thermal-stability, photo-stability, and storage-stability) of the OSCs.
Synthesis of chitosan/TCN nanocomposites with the carbon dioxide assisted phase inversion
Authors: Zhao Binqing , Lou Chenxi , Zhou Qi , Zhu Yating , Li Wei , Jingshan Mu
Published: March 2022

The chitosan (CS)/bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methyl tallow ammonium modified montmorillonite (TCN) nanocomposites are synthesized by the phase inversion procedureviathe assistance of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Synergistically improved PIM-1 membrane gas separation performance by PAF-1 incorporation and UV irradiation
Authors: Hou Rujing , Smith Stefan J. D. , Konstas Kristina , Doherty Cara M. , Easton Christopher D. , Park Jaesung , Yoon Heewook , Wang Huanting , Freeman Benny D. , Hill Matthew R.
Published: March 2022

Synergistic effect of PAF-1 incorporation and photo-oxidation on improving membrane gas separation performance with both high permeability and selectivity.
Functionalized MXenes for efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Hu Tao , Wang Mengting , Guo Chunxian , Li Chang Ming
Published: March 2022

Surface functionalization is found to overcome the hydrogenation limit for M3C2 MXenes, efficiently promoting nitrate reduction to ammonia.
Reducing noise current in exfoliated WS2 nanosheets using an ultra-nanocrystalline diamond substrate and their enhanced NIR photodetection properties
Authors: Huang Bohr-Ran , Kathiravan Deepa , Saravanan Adhimoorthy , Sung Erh-Wen
Published: March 2022

Herein, we report the fabrication of a near-infrared (NIR) WS2 nanosheet/ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) heterojunction photodetector through a liquid phase exfoliation process and microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) method, for the first time.
FeNi alloy and nickel ferrite codoped carbon hollow microspheres for high-efficiency microwave absorption
Authors: Liu Ran , An Zhenguo , Liao Bin , Zhang Jingjie
Published: March 2022

Carbon–FeNi alloy–nickel ferrite hollow microspheres with FeNi alloy and nickel ferrite nanoparticle codoped carbon shell were constructed. The products present excellent microwave absorption performance related to the processing condition.
Event‐triggered MPC for linear systems with bounded disturbances: An accumulated error based approach
Authors: He Ning , Du Jiawei , Xu Zhongxian , Chen Jiaxuan
Published: March 2022

A novel accumulated error based event‐triggered model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is put forward on the basis of the dual‐mode control strategy and state‐feedback control for constrained continuous‐time linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems with constraints and bounded disturbances. First, a new event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is constructed based on the accumulated error (AE) between the optimal state trajectory and the real state trajectory. Next, in order to stabilize the system, the dual‐mode event‐triggered MPC strategy is established. Then, sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the algorithm feasibility, system stability, and to avoid the Zeno behavior. Finally, the numerical simulation shows the validity of the algorithm.
Physics‐informed neural network method for modelling beam‐wall interactions
Authors: Fujita Kazuhiro
Published: March 2022

A mesh‐free approach for modelling beam‐wall interactions in particle accelerators is proposed. The key idea of our method is to use a deep neural network as a surrogate for the solution to a set of partial differential equations involving the particle beam, and the surface impedance concept. The proposed approach is applied to the coupling impedance of an infinitely long vacuum chamber with a thin conductive coating, and also verified in comparison with traditional numerical methods.
Standardising the assessment of caesarean birth using an oxford caesarean prediction score for mothers with gestational diabetes
Authors: Lu Huiqi , Hirst Jane , Yang Jenny , Mackillop Lucy , Clifton David
Published: March 2022

Mothers with gestational diabetes are at increased risk of giving birth by caesarean section. A standardised assessment method may help to guide in recommendations in planning caesarean birth. We analysed 203 women with gestational diabetes managed in a single centre and developed an aggregate heuristic risk score. Among 155 women who had not had a previous caesarean birth, five risk factors (previous birth, weight gain during pregnancy, mother's height, and glycated haemoglobin and fasting blood glucose results at the beginning of pregnancy) were found associated with primary caesarean birth. Risk of primary caesarean birth in low‐risk women (score 0–1) was 13.8%, medium‐risk (score 2–3) 24.5% and high risk (score ≥ 4) 66.7%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) for primary caesarean birth prediction is 0.726 ± 0.003. Machine learning models were then deployed on 97 patients to explore the role of temporal blood glucose in predicting caesarean birth, achieving an AUROC of 0.857 ± 0.008. In conclusion, Oxford caesarean prediction score could help clinicians counselling women with gestational diabetes about their individual risk of primary caesarean birth. Temporal blood glucose measurements may improve the prediction subject to further validation.
Anti‐angiogenic and anticancer activities of the nanoemulsions synthesized from Trachyspermum ammi L. tincture against human colon adenorectal carcinoma cells
Authors: Azaraz Syavash , Es‐haghi Ali , Neamati Ali
Published: March 2022

In this study, an attempt has been made to synthesize nanoemulsions using Trachyspermum ammi tincture. The nanoemulsion specifications are characterized by TEM, DLS, and zeta potential. The anti‐tumour and cell toxicity effects of the biosynthesized nanoemulsions are evaluated by chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and MTT assays, respectively. For the CAM test, the length and number of blood vessels are evaluated around the gelatine sponge. According to DLS analysis, the nanoemulsions synthesized by the T. ammi tincture have an average hydrodynamic size of 34 nm. The cytotoxicity test shows little toxicity for the nanoemulsions against human foreskin fibroblast cells. On the other hand, the fabricated nanoemulsions show dose‐ and time‐dependent toxicity against colon cancer cells (HT‐29) and ovarian cancer cells (A2780) with an IC50 of 14 and 0.72 μg/ml, respectively. According to the CAM assay, the number and length of blood vessels and dose dependency significantly decrease after exposure to different concentrations of the nanoemulsions. In this study, a simple approach for the biosynthesis of nanoemulsions is explained. The nanoemulsions show dose‐dependent cytotoxic effects against HT‐29 colon cancer cells and inhibit the formation of blood vessels. The observed bioeffects indicate the potential of the fabricated nanoemulsions as effective chemotherapeutics for cancer treatment.
Study of medium frequency transformer by using ultra‐thin silicon steel sheet in DC‐DC converter
Authors: Chen Dezhi , Cao Xiongxiong , Zhang Shichong , Wang Yang , Zhou Xiu , Su Zhonghuan
Published: March 2022

In order to solve the problems of poor thermal stability and high frequency noise of transformer in traditional DC‐DC converter, the medium frequency transformer in isolated DC‐DC converter is designed and studied, which adopts 0.15 mm ultra‐thin silicon steel sheet. Firstly, the magnetism of ultra‐thin silicon steel is measured by using single‐piece silicon steel sheet measuring device, and the B‐H curves and B‐P curves at different frequencies are given. According to the magnetic measurement results, the electromagnetic scheme of three port medium frequency transformer is designed by AP method and applied the particle swarm algorithm to further design under the constraint of loss minimization. Secondly the three‐winding transformer of DC‐DC converter is optimized and simulated. The magnetic flux density, loss, temperature field distribution, output voltage and current waveform of the transformer under different working conditions are given. Finally, the 20 kW DC‐DC converter was manufactured and the magnetic characteristics of the medium frequency transformer were experimented to verify the correctness of the proposed scheme.
A priori and a posteriori error estimates for the quad-curl eigenvalue problem
Authors: Wang Lixiu , Zhang Qian , Sun Jiguang , Zhang Zhimin
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we consider a priori and a posteriori error estimates of the H(curl2)-conforming finite element when solving the quad-curl eigenvalue problem. An a priori estimate of eigenvalues with convergence order 2(s − 1) is obtained if the corresponding eigenvector u ∈ Hs − 1(Ω) and ∇ × u ∈ Hs(Ω). For the a posteriori estimate, by analyzing the associated source problem, we obtain lower and upper bounds for the errors of eigenvectors in the energy norm and upper bounds for the errors of eigenvalues. Numerical examples are presented for validation.
Entwicklungen im Verständnis und der Behandlung myeloproliferativer Neoplasien
Authors: Schmidt Stefan , Wolf Dominik
Published: March 2022

Was ist neu?

Ropeg-Interferon als Standard der High- (und bald) Low-Risk-Polycythaemia-vera Bei der Polycythaemia vera (PV) steht mit Ropeg-Interferon erstmals eine zugelassene Therapieoption mit krankheitsmodifizierendem Effekt im Sinne einer deutlichen Reduktion der Allele-Last zur Verfügung. Ropeg-Interferon ist damit Standard für die PV bei Indikation zur zytoreduktiven Therapie. Auch bei der Low-Risk-PV, die bisher „nur“ mit Aderlässen und niedrigdosierter Acetylsalicylsäure ASS (100 mg) behandelt wurde, zeigt sich eine hohe Rate an Aderlass-Unabhängigkeit und auch ein molekulares Ansprechen. Das Paradigma, dass nur Hochrisiko-PV zytoreduktiv behandelt werden, wird in Zukunft mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit fallen.

Neue JAK-Inhibitoren in der Myelofibrose bei Ruxolitinib-Versagen/-Toxizität Fedratinib erzielt in der Behandlung der Myelofibrose eine Reduktion der Splenomegalie und der Symptomlast, auch in einer mit Ruxolitinib vorbehandelten Kohorte. Somit steht erstmals eine therapeutisch wirksame Alternative für Patienten zur Verfügung, die Ruxolitinib-refraktär bzw. -intolerant sind.

Myeloproliferative Neoplasien und sterile Entzündungsprozesse Sterile Entzündungsprozesse wie beispielsweise der Alarmin-Komplex spielen in der Pathogenese und Progression der MPN eine wesentliche Rolle. Hierbei werden inflammatorische Zytokine nicht nur von mutierten Zellen, sondern auch von nicht mutierten Umgebungszellen sezerniert; sie prägen den Krankheitsphänotyp und begünstigen die Entstehung und Expansion mutierter Subklone.
Längsschnittstudie der KFZ-Diät über 18 Jahre
Authors: Gawron Eva , Sponer Ursula , Guderlei Maike , Küchenhoff Helmut , Adam Olaf
Published: March 2022

Die Low-Fat- und die Low-Carb-Diät haben durch die Betonung eines Energieträgers unerwünschte Stoffwechselwirkungen, u. a. durch die Insulinantwort und Fettspeicherung. Die KFZ-Diät hat sich als vollwertige, abwechslungsreiche und alltagstaugliche Reduktionskost bewährt und kann Langzeiterfolge bis zu 18 Jahren aufweisen. Die Abkürzung KFZ steht hierbei für Kohlenhydrate, Fett und Zwischenmahlzeiten.
The Design and Synthesis of Phenylcyclopropane-Based Secondary Amine Catalysts and Their Applications in Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Kano Taichi , Takeshima Aika
Published: March 2022

Most chiral secondary amine catalysts are usually synthesized from chiral amino acids and their derivatives. On the other hand, amine catalysts based on a binaphthyl backbone have previously been developed, and show unique chemo- and stereoselectivity in several asymmetric reactions. However, in spite of their utility, the applications of binaphthyl-based amines in asymmetric reactions are still rare due to their synthetic inefficiency. In this context, we have designed amine catalysts possessing a phenylcyclopropane scaffold as a novel chiral motif. These novel catalysts can be synthesized easily and construct a similar chiral environment to that of binaphthyl-based amine catalysts. In addition, a phenylcyclopropane-based amino sulfonamide is found to be an effective catalyst for syn-selective Mannich reactions and conjugate additions using alkynyl Z-ketimines.

1 Introduction

2 Design and Synthesis of Novel Chiral Secondary Amine Catalysts

3 Performance Evaluation of Phenylcyclopropane-Based Amine Catalysts

4 Development of Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by a Novel Chiral Amino Sulfonamide

5 Conclusions
[4+2]-Cycloaddition Reactions of Aza-o-quinone Methides with Fulvenes: Construction of Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Wang Gang , He Zhao-Lin , Cheng Hang , Yan Ding-Ce
Published: March 2022

An efficient [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of fulvenes with aza-o-quinone methides, generated in situ from N-(o-chloromethyl)aryl sulfonamides with the assistance of a base, has been developed to afford a series of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives. The reaction tolerates a wide range of aza-o-quinone methides and fulvenes bearing four- to seven-membered rings to afford the corresponding tetrahydroquinolines in moderate to good yields. Based on a literature analysis, a plausible mechanism for this [4+2] cycloaddition is proposed.
The Influence of Different Occlusal Loading on Six Restorative Materials for Restoration of Abfraction Lesions—Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Jakupović Selma , Šehić Adnan , Julardžija Fuad , Gavranović-Glamoč Alma , Sofić Amela , Bajsman Anita , Kazazić Lejla
Published: March 2022

Objectives The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of stress on teeth with abfraction lesions restored with six different restorative materials, and by introducing the tensile strength parameters to calculate the safety factor of the material under the load (ratio between the strength of the material and the maximum stress).

Materials and Methods Three-dimensional models of the mandibular premolar are created from a microcomputed tomography images. An abfraction lesion is modeled on the tooth. The stress of the dental tissues and six restorative materials under functional and nonfunctional occlusal loading of 200 (N) are analyzed by finite element method.

Statistical Analysis CTAn program 1.10 and ANSYS Workbench (version 14.0) were used for analysis. Results are presented in von Mises stress.

Results Oblique loads caused ≈ four times higher stress in restorative materials than the axial ones. It is noticeable that high values of von Mises stress are measured at the bottom of the sharp lesion, even up to 240 MPa, that are significantly reduced after the restoration. The highest stresses at the restorative material are present at the lower (gingival) margin of the restoration. The highest stresses under both types of loads are measured in nanohybrid composite (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent). The lowest values of the stress are measured in the flowable composite (Tetric Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent), but at the same time, the highest value of the stress is measured in the surrounding dental tissues on the tooth restored with the flowable composite. The microhybrid composite (Herculite XR, Kerr), with the highest safety factor, is the material that best withstands the stresses it is exposed to. The obtained safety factor did not exceed the critical limit, except for the glass ionomer cement, with the safety factor lower than 1.

Conclusion The type of tooth loading has the greatest influence on the intensity of stress. The value of the obtained stresses in the restorative material and dental tissues differ due to the different mechanical properties of the materials. Restoration of noncarious lesions significantly reduces extremely high stress values at their bottom.
An Audit of the Technical Quality and Iatrogenic Errors of Root Canal Treatment by Undergraduate Dental Students at the University of Sharjah
Authors: Al Shehadat Saaid , El-Kishawi Mohamed , AlMudalal Asma , AlSaqer Asma , Nassar Aya , Zihlif Leena , Mahmoud Yazan , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Vinothkumar Thilla Sekar
Published: March 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the technical quality of root canal fillings and the presence of iatrogenic errors in the cases treated by undergraduate dental students using radiographic images.

Materials and Methods This study included 480 root-filled teeth, which were evaluated using intraoral periapical radiographic images. The technical quality of obturation was assessed by observing the length, density, and taperness of the root filling. Ledges, apical transportation, fractured instruments, zipping, and root perforation were recorded as iatrogenic errors. Teeth were classified as acceptable if the technical parameters were adequate and there were no iatrogenic errors.

Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared test.

Results The quality of root filling was acceptable in 183 of the 480 teeth. The rate of acceptable quality was higher for the teeth treated by 4th-year students (41.9%) than for those treated by 5th-year students (27.4%; p = 0.004). Length and taperness were adequate in more of the patients treated by the 4th-year students (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the incidence of ledge formation and apical transportation in relation to the student's level (p<0.05).

Conclusions The technical quality of root fillings performed without iatrogenic errors by undergraduate dental students was declared acceptable in 38.1% of the assessed teeth. There was a noticeable difference in the quality of root canal treatment between the 4th- and 5th-year students.

Clinical Relevance The findings demonstrate that periodic assessment of the technical quality of root filling performed by undergraduate dental students provides feedback on curriculum standards.
Experience of Simultaneous Bilateral Open Surgery and VATS for Pulmonary Metastasectomy
Authors: Liu Yu-Wei , Chou Andre , Chou Shah-Hwa
Published: March 2022

Background Resection is the current treatment of choice for resectable bilateral pulmonary metastases. This study aimed to compare the differences in outcomes between simultaneous bilateral open and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for pulmonary metastasectomy.

Methods Forty-three patients underwent pulmonary metastasectomy through one-stage bilateral open thoracotomy (n = 16) and VATS (n = 27) between 2011 and 2020. Perioperative and oncological data were analyzed.

Results The predominant primary tumor histology in both groups was colorectal cancer. The operative time, blood loss, and pain score on postoperative day 1 (POD1) were higher in the open group (p < 0.001, 0.009, and 0.03, respectively). No significant differences in pain score on POD2 and POD3, postoperative length of stay, or complications were found. Notably, numbers of the resected metastatic lung nodules were significantly greater in the open group (median number: 9.5 vs. 3, p < 0.001). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were comparable. The median RFS was 15 months (interquartile range [IQR], 6–22) in the open group and 18 months (IQR, 8–47) in the VATS group. The median OS was 28 months (IQR, 14–44) and 29 months (IQR, 15–54) in the open group and VATS group, respectively.

Conclusion One-stage bilateral pulmonary metastasectomy is safe and reduces medical expenditures in selected patients regardless of surgical approach. Although the open group harbored a greater number of metastatic foci, perioperative and oncological outcomes were similar to that of the VATS group.
Sporttherapie bei Depression
Authors: Herbsleb Marco
Published: March 2022

Depressive Menschen sind im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung körperlich eher inaktiv. Sie leiden häufiger unter Herz- und Stoffwechselerkrankungen oder chronischen Entzündungen. Und sie sterben deutlich früher. Ziel der Sporttherapie bei Depression sollte, neben der Verringerung depressiver Symptomatiken, auch die Senkung der erhöhten Komorbidität und Mortatlität sein.
Proximity enhanced magnetism at NiFe2O4/Graphene interface
Authors: Schulz N. , Chanda A. , Datt G. , Kamalakar M. Venkata , Sarkar T. , Phan M. H. , Srikanth H.
Published: March 2022

Here, we explore the change in effective magnetic anisotropy of the ferrimagnetic (FM) insulator nickel ferrite (NFO) thin film due to the inclusion of monolayer graphene (MLG) grown on top of the NFO layer. This was done by performing radio frequency (RF) transverse susceptibility (TS) measurements on bare NFO and NFO/MLG bilayer samples for both in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) configurations utilizing a tunnel diode oscillator technique. Our magnetometry measurements indicated an enhancement in the overall saturation magnetization of the NFO/MLG bilayer with respect to the bare NFO film. The TS measurements reveal that the inclusion of MLG reduces the effective magnetic anisotropy for both IP and OOP configurations drastically, by up to a factor of 2 over the temperature range 40 K ≤ T ≤ 280 K. Since NFO is a magnetic substrate, it is possible that NFO could induce magnetic ordering in MLG at the NFO/MLG interface via the magnetic proximity effect. Furthermore, since NFO is insulating and MLG is a semimetal, there likely exists a large conductivity difference at the interface, making charge transfer plausible. These two effects could modify the interfacial magnetism leading to a change in the effective magnetic anisotropy. These results highlight the importance of understanding the interfacial magnetism of FM/MLG heterostructures.
DNA methylation of
Authors: Ba Qingsong , Wang Rui , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Lanlan , Li Guiping , Fu Zhaolin
Published: March 2022

In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), S-type cytoplasmic male sterile (S-CMS) lines can mainly transform from sterility to fertility at the mononuclear pollen stage. Observations from microscopy revealed an inhibition of starch accumulation within the pollen grain, suggesting that an alteration in carbohydrate metabolism or assimilate supply may be involved in S-CMS pollen abortion. We measured levels of various carbohydrates and activities of key enzymes of sucrose metabolism at the mononuclear pollen stage in anthers collected from an S-CMS line and its maintainer line and found that nonreducing sugars increased in S-CMS anthers. Sucrose accounted for part of the nonreducing sugar accumulation. The activity of invertase declined significantly, whereas sucrose synthase activity during starch accumulation in pollen showed no significant change in S-CMS anthers at the mononuclear pollen stage. The results suggest that sucrose conversion and inhibition of invertase were probably responsible for the pollen abortion. Because there is a high correlation between the rate of ethylene evolution and sucrose content, ethylene anabolism was determined. TaACS2 regulates sucrose metabolism in pollen probably through catalysing the synthesis of ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in wheat. In this study, ethylene production of anthers underwent accumulation, revealed by gas chromatography, and expression levels of TaACS2 were upregulated in the S-CMS line, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. We investigated the DNA methylation pattern of TaACS2 in the core promoter region using bisulfite genomic sequencing, and lower methylation was observed in the S-CMS line. These results suggest that DNA methylation of the TaACS2 gene may be involved in the sterility–fertility transition by regulating the synthesis of ethylene in S-CMS anthers.
Study of porous rubber pipes reinforced with waste tire fiber and pineapple leaf fiber for smart irrigation system
Authors: Junpunya M , Ou-udomying B , Amornsakchai T , Jangchud I
Published: March 2022

Global trend in waste management involves sustainable development for waste utilization according to the concept of circular economy. Wastes from worn-out tires have been known as a world problem and not yet to be resolved successfully. In this work, wastes from worn-out tires, i.e., ground tire rubber (GTR), reclaimed rubber (RR) and waste tire fiber (WTF) were used to produce reinforced porous rubber pipes as irrigation system for smart farming. Comparative study of porous rubber pipes reinforced with natural fibers (pineapple leaf fiber, PALF) was also carried out. The experiment was divided into 2 parts, i.e., porous sheets (model study) and extruded porous pipes. Compound samples were prepared by mixing GTR, RR, and natural rubber (NR) at a ratio of 60:20:20 (by weight) with other additives by using an internal mixer, then shaped into samples by using a compression molding machine (sheets) and a single-screw extruder (pipes). Samples were vulcanized by a hot air oven. Factors affecting sample properties were studied, such as, fiber types (WTF and PALF) and fiber loadings (0-15 phr). Properties of the samples were characterized, such as, mechanical properties, morphology, water permeability rate, and %diameter swell. It was found that tensile strength was increased up to an optimum point. Modulus (at 10% strain, M10) and hardness were increased with increasing fiber loading. However, %elongation at break had a trend to decrease. Morphologies of the composites made from both fibers were insignificantly different in fiber distribution. By adding the fibers, %diameter swell was clearly improved. Pipe samples were also tested in precision smart agriculture system. It can be proven that WTF and PALF can be used to reinforce the porous pipes and used as a watering device for precision irrigation system.
Study of non-negligible chemical reduction of ZnO in the rubber industry
Authors: Wilaiwong W , Smitthipong W
Published: March 2022

Although the presence of small portion of zinc in the tire industry has been employed as activator, it should be concerned as the non-negligible chemical toxics and risks. The aim of this work was to study the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) on physical and mechanical properties of tire rubber compound. The control characteristics of the composites were determined by the composites of practical compounds and vulcanizates by filling of sulfur and curing of a hot press machine. The properties of the composites, i.e. Mooney viscosity, curing time, tension, etc, were characterized. Generally, ZnO could work coupled with stearic acid (SA), the experimental was prepared by reducing ZnO at 20% and reducing stearic acid at approximately ratio to prevent excessive amount. The comparative data revealed the trend of the changes in the physical and mechanical properties just not lower at the same percentage. This recognized study supports the high possibilities in enhancing low ZnO and stearic acid content typical.
Study of yield percentage of epoxidized natural rubber preparation
Authors: Panmanee K , Smitthipong W
Published: March 2022

Natural rubber (NR) mostly composes of cis-1,4-polyisoprene as rubber part and a few amounts of nonrubber part, mainly proteins and lipids. For the modification of NR, hydrogen peroxide and formic acid can be applied to produce epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) in the latex stage. The oxygen atom is added to the double bond of NR during epoxidation, resulting in oxirane (epoxide). The ENR reaction was allowed to operate at 60°C for 4 h. Characteristic infrared peaks at 870 and 835 cm-1 from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to calculate the mole percent of epoxidation. When the reaction time was increased, the proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra of ENR showed an increase in mole percent of epoxidation. So, FTIR and NMR could be used to characterize the yield percentage of ENR preparation.
Properties of hydroxyapatite based geopolymer synthesized from bituminous fly ash
Authors: Yoolamnan S , Asavapisit S , Piyapanuwat R
Published: March 2022

This research studied the engineering properties of hydroxyapatite based on fly ash-geopolymer as a biomaterial. The ratio of Na2O/SiO2 and K2O/SiO2 at 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 by mole, 2.5 5.0 7.5, 10 wt.% of calcium phosphate and heat treatment at 500°C, 600°C and 700°C for 2 hours were used to studied changed of compressive strength and crystalline phase in samples. The results observed highest 28-days compressive strength of 21.99 and 19.14 MPa for 0.20 by mole of Na2O/SiO2 and 0.15 by mole of K2O/SiO2, respectively. When calcium phosphate (CP) was added in fly ash-geopolymer, the optimum ratio of CP was found in 2.5 wt.% that have unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 19.03 and 13.60 MPa for NaOH and KOH activator. After heat treatment of geopolymer at 500°C, the maximum compressive strength at 9.09 MPa and 22.76 MPa for each activator was obtained. Finally, the XRD resulted show hydroxyapatite, mullite quartz and sodium aluminum silicate peaks in both fly ash-geopolymer with NaOH and KOH and 2.5% CP.