bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aluminum on Hydrogen Solubility and Diffusion in Deformed Fe-Mn Alloys
Authors: Hüter C. , Dang S. , Zhang X. , Glensk A. , Spatschek R.
Published: August 2016

We discuss hydrogen diffusion and solubility in aluminum alloyed Fe-Mn alloys. The systems of interest are subjected to tetragonal and isotropic deformations. Based onab initiomodelling, we calculate solution energies and then employ Oriani’s theory which reflects the influence of Al alloying via trap site diffusion. This local equilibrium model is complemented by qualitative considerations of Einstein diffusion. Therefore, we apply the climbing image nudged elastic band method to compute the minimum energy paths and energy barriers for hydrogen diffusion. Both for diffusivity and solubility of hydrogen, we find that the influence of the substitutional Al atom has both local chemical and nonlocal volumetric contributions.
4-Phenylbutyric Acid Attenuates Pancreatic Beta-Cell Injury in Rats with Experimental Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Hong Yu-pu , Guo Wen-yi , Wang Wei-xing , Zhao Liang , Xiang Ming-wei , Mei Fang-chao , Abliz Ablikim , Hu Peng , Deng Wen-hong , Yu Jia
Published: August 2016

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a particular process with an imbalance of homeostasis, which plays an important role in pancreatitis, but little is known about how ER stress is implicated in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) induced pancreatic beta-cell injury. To investigate the effect of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) on the beta-cell injury following SAP and the underlying mechanism, twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation (SO) group, SAP model group, and 4-PBA treatment group. SAP model was induced by infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. 4-PBA or normal saline was injected intraperitoneally for 3 days in respective group before successful modeling. Results showed that 4-PBA attenuated the following: (1) pancreas and islet pathological injuries, (2) serum TNF-αand IL-1β, (3) serum insulin and glucose, (4) beta-cell ultrastructural changes, (5) ER stress markers (BiP, ORP150, and CHOP), Caspase-3, and insulin expression in islet. These results suggested that 4-PBA mitigates pancreatic beta-cell injury and endocrine disorder in SAP, presumably because of its role in inhibiting excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress. This may serve as a new therapeutic target for reducing pancreatic beta-cell injury and endocrine disorder in SAP upon 4-PBA treatment.
User Adaptive and Context-Aware Smart Home Using Pervasive and Semantic Technologies
Authors: Vlachostergiou Aggeliki , Stratogiannis Georgios , Caridakis George , Siolas George , Mylonas Phivos
Published: August 2016

Ubiquitous Computing is moving the interaction away from the human-computer paradigm and towards the creation of smart environments that users and things, from the IoT perspective, interact with. User modeling and adaptation is consistently present having the human user as a constant but pervasive interaction introduces the need for context incorporation towards context-aware smart environments. The current article discusses both aspects of the user modeling and adaptation as well as context awareness and incorporation into the smart home domain. Users are modeled as fuzzy personas and these models are semantically related. Context information is collected via sensors and corresponds to various aspects of the pervasive interaction such as temperature and humidity, but also smart city sensors and services. This context information enhances the smart home environment via the incorporation of user defined home rules. Semantic Web technologies support the knowledge representation of this ecosystem while the overall architecture has been experimentally verified using input from the SmartSantander smart city and applying it to the SandS smart home within FIRE and FIWARE frameworks.
X-Linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita in a Boy due to a Novel Deletion of the EntireNR0B1 (DAX1)andMAGEB1–4Genes
Authors: Rojek Aleksandra , Krawczynski Maciej R. , Jamsheer Aleksander , Sowinska-Seidler Anna , Iwaniszewska Barbara , Malunowicz Ewa , Niedziela Marek
Published: August 2016

X-linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita (AHC) is caused by deletions or point mutations in theNR0B1 (DAX1)gene. We present a boy with AHC who came at the age of 25 days in a severe state due to prolonged vomiting and progressive dehydration. Laboratory studies showed prominent hyponatremia and hyperkaliemia but not hypoglycemia. Primary adrenal insufficiency was confirmed with low serum cortisol levels and high plasma ACTH levels. Hydrocortisone therapy combined with saline and glucose infusions was started immediately after blood collection. Two exons of theNR0B1 (DAX1)gene were impossible to amplify using the standard PCR method. Array CGH was used to confirm the putative copy-number variation ofNR0B1 (DAX1)revealing a novel hemizygous deletion encompassing the entireNR0B1 (DAX1)gene together with theMAGEBgenes. This genetic defect was also present in heterozygosity in the patient’s mother. We show thatNR0B1 (DAX1)gene analysis is important for confirmation of AHC diagnosis and highlights the role of genetic counseling in families with AHC patients, particularly those with X chromosome microdeletions, covering more thanNR0B1 (DAX1)alone. We hope that further clinical follow-up of this patient and his family will shed a new light on the role ofMAGEBgenes.
Xianfanghuomingyin, a Chinese Compound Medicine, Modulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of T Lymphocyte in a Collagen‐Induced Arthritis Mouse Model
Authors: Nie Bo , Li Xue , Wei Yi , Chen Meng , Zhou Jingwei , Lou Lixia , Dong Bin , Wu Aiming , Zhang Dongmei , Zhu Lingqun , Zhao Jiuli , Chai Limin
Published: August 2016

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), xianfanghuomingyin (XFHM) is used to treat autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we studied the mechanisms underlying its treatment effects, especially its anti‐inflammatory effects in a collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. We found that cartilage destruction and pannus formation were alleviated by treatment with XFHM. The abnormal differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells was downregulated significantly by XFHM, and Th2 and Treg cells were upregulated. Moreover, the expression levels of specific cytokines and transcription factors related to Th1 cells (interferon γ [IFNγ], T‐bet) and Th17 cells (interleukin‐ [IL‐] 17) and the nuclear receptor retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor‐gamma (RORγ) were downregulated. Serum IL‐4 and GATA‐3, which contribute to Th2 cells differentiation, increased significantly after XFHM administration. These results indicate that XFHM can restore the balance of T lymphocytes and reestablish the immunological tolerance to inhibit autoinflammatory disorder of RA. Taken together, XFHM can be used as a complementary or alternative traditional medicine to treat RA.
The Challenges and Relevance of Exploring the Genetics of North Africa’s “Barbary Lion” and the Conservation of Putative Descendants in Captivity
Authors: Black Simon A.
Published: August 2016

The lions of North Africa were unique in ecological terms as well as from a human cultural perspective and were the definitive lions of Roman and Medieval Europe. Labelled “Barbary” lions, they were once numerous in North Africa but were exterminated by the mid-20th century. Despite subsequent degeneration of the Atlas Mountain ecosystem through human pressures, the feasibility of lion reintroduction has been debated since the 1970s. Research on the long-established captive lion collection traditionally kept by the sultans and kings of Morocco has enabled selective breeding coordinated across Moroccan and European zoos involving a significant number of animals. Molecular genetic research has recently provided insights into lion phylogeny which, despite previous suggestions that all lions share recent common ancestry, now indicates clear distinctions between lions in North, West, and Central Africa, the Middle East, and India versus those in Southern and Eastern Africa. A review of the evolutionary relevance of North African lions highlights the important challenges and opportunities in understanding relationships between Moroccan lions, extinct North African lions, and extant lion populations in India and West and Central Africa and the potential role for lions in ecosystem recovery in those regions.
Development of a New Type of Green Switch Air Entraining Agent for Wet-Mix Shotcrete and Its Engineering Application
Authors: Liu Guoming , Chen Lianjun
Published: August 2016

Air entraining agent (AEA) can bring a lot of microbubbles into fresh concrete for improving its fluidity; however, high fluidity has adverse effect on the shootability of wet-mix shotcrete. In order to solve the contradictory issue, the paper developed a new type of green switch air entraining agent (GSAE) that can improve both the pumpability and shootability. The single-admixture and combination tests containing foaming ability and surface tension were performed with Deer agitator and automatic tension meter. The new AEA was developed with two constituents A and B. A was prepared withSapindus mukorossi(S-1), dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(1231), and polyacrylamide. B was prepared with lauryl sodium sulfate (K12) and silicone oil. The mass mix proportion was S-1 : 1231 : polyacrylamide : K12 : silicone oil = 1 : 0.33 : 0.2 : 0.33 : 0.47. The application method of GSAE proposed that A was premixed with fresh concrete and then B was added at nozzle. Experimental investigation showed that the optimal mixing amount of GSAE was 0.1%–0.2% relative to cement. All performance measured of wet-mix shotcrete with 0.12% GSAE met the first-grade product requirements of the China National Standard. Compared with the conventional type of AEA, the proposed GSAE is capable of effectively improving pumpability and shootability.
Crystal Structures of Two Isozymes of Citrate Synthase fromSulfolobus tokodaiiStrain 7
Authors: Murakami Midori , Kouyama Tsutomu
Published: August 2016

Thermoacidophilic archaeonSulfolobus tokodaiistrain 7 has two citrate synthase genes (ST1805-CS and ST0587-CS) in the genome with 45% sequence identity. Because they exhibit similar optimal temperatures of catalytic activity and thermal inactivation profiles, we performed structural comparisons between these isozymes to elucidate adaptation mechanisms to high temperatures in thermophilic CSs. The crystal structures of ST1805-CS and ST0587-CS were determined at 2.0 Å and 2.7 Å resolutions, respectively. Structural comparison reveals that both of them are dimeric enzymes composed of two identical subunits, and these dimeric structures are quite similar to those of citrate synthases from archaea and eubacteria. ST0587-CS has, however, 55 ion pairs within whole dimer structure, while having only 36 in ST1805-CS. Although the number and distributions of ion pairs are distinct from each other, intersubunit ion pairs between two domains of each isozyme are identical especially in interterminal region. Because the location and number of ion pairs are in a trend with other CSs from thermophilic microorganisms, the factors responsible for thermal adaptation of ST-CS isozymes are characterized by ion pairs in interterminal region.
A Wideband and Polarization-Independent Metasurface Based on Phase Optimization for Monostatic and Bistatic Radar Cross Section Reduction
Authors: Su Jianxun , Lu Yao , Li Zengrui , Zhang Rongrong , Yang Yaoqing (Lamar)
Published: August 2016

A broadband and polarization-independent metasurface is analyzed and designed for both monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) reduction in this paper. Metasurfaces are composed of two types of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) lattice, which is a subarray with “0” or “π” phase responses, arranged in periodic and aperiodic fashions. A new mechanism is proposed for manipulating electromagnetic (EM) scattering and realizing the best reduction of monostatic and bistatic RCS by redirecting EM energy to more directions through controlling the wavefront of EM wave reflected from the metasurface. Scattering characteristics of two kinds of metasurfaces, periodic arrangement and optimized phase layout, are studied in detail. Optimizing phase layout through particle swarm optimization (PSO) together with far field pattern prediction can produce a lot of scattering lobes, leading to a great reduction of bistatic RCS. For the designed metasurface based on optimal phase layout, a bandwidth of more than 80% is achieved at the normal incidence for the −9.5 dB RCS reduction for both monostatic and bistatic. Bistatic RCS reduction at frequency points with exactly 180° phase difference reaches 17.6 dB. Both TE and TM polarizations for oblique incidence are considered. The measured results are in good agreement with the corresponding simulations.
Myeloperoxidase-Oxidized LDLs Enhance an Anti-Inflammatory M2 and Antioxidant Phenotype in Murine Macrophages
Authors: Pireaux Valérie , Sauvage Aude , Bihin Benoît , Van Steenbrugge Martine , Rousseau Alexandre , Van Antwerpen Pierre , Zouaoui Boudjeltia Karim , Raes Martine
Published: August 2016

Macrophages and oxidized LDLs play a key role in atherogenesis but their heterogeneity has been neglected up to now. Macrophages are prone to polarization and subsets of polarized macrophages have been described in atheromas. LDLs can be oxidized not only chemically by copper (Ox-LDLs) but also enzymatically by myeloperoxidase (MpOx-LDLs) resulting in oxidized LDLs poor in lipid peroxides. The effects of physiologically relevant myeloperoxidase-oxidized LDLs on macrophage polarization or on polarized macrophages remain largely unknown. In this study, the effects of LDLs on macrophage polarization were investigated by monitoring the expression of M1 and M2 genes following stimulation with native LDLs, Ox-LDLs, or MpOx-LDLs in RAW 264.7 cells. Except forMRC1, which is induced only by Ox-LDLs, MpOx-LDLs induced an overexpression of most of the selected marker genes at the mRNA level. MpOx-LDLs also modulate marker gene expression in polarized macrophages favoring notably anti-inflammatoryArg1expression in M2 cells and also in the other phenotypes. Noteworthy, MpOx-LDLs were the most efficient to accumulate lipids intracellularly in (un)polarized macrophages whatever the phenotype. These data were largely confirmed in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Our data suggest that MpOx-LDLs were the most efficient to accumulate within cells and to enhance an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant phenotype in M2 cells and also in the other macrophage phenotypes.
Comparison of Stemness and Gene Expression between Gingiva and Dental Follicles in Children
Authors: Kang Chung-Min , Kim Seong-Oh , Jeon Mijeong , Choi Hyung-Jun , Jung Han-Sung , Lee Jae-Ho
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the differential gene expression and stemness in the human gingiva and dental follicles (DFs) according to their biological characteristics. Gingiva (n = 9) and DFs (n = 9) were collected from 18 children. Comparative gene expression profiles were collected using cDNA microarray. The expression of development, chemotaxis, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSs) related genes was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Histological analysis was performed using hematoxylin‐eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Gingiva had greater expression of genes related to keratinization, ectodermal development, and chemotaxis whereas DFs exhibited higher expression levels of genes related to tooth and embryo development. qRT‐PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of iPSc factors including SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC were 58.5 ± 26.3, 12.4 ± 3.5, and 12.2 ± 1.9 times higher in gingiva and VCAM1 (CD146) and ALCAM (CD166) were 33.5 ± 6.9 and 4.3 ± 0.8 times higher in DFs. Genes related to MSCs markers including CD13, CD34, CD73, CD90, and CD105 were expressed at higher levels in DFs. The results of qRT‐PCR and IHC staining supported the microarray analysis results. Interestingly, this study demonstrated transcription factors of iPS cells were expressed at higher levels in the gingiva. Given the minimal surgical discomfort and simple accessibility, gingiva is a good candidate stem cell source in regenerative dentistry.
3D Reconstruction of End-Effector in Autonomous Positioning Process Using Depth Imaging Device
Authors: Hu Yanzhu , Li Leiyuan
Published: August 2016

The real-time calculation of positioning error, error correction, and state analysis has always been a difficult challenge in the process of manipulator autonomous positioning. In order to solve this problem, a simple depth imaging equipment (Kinect) is used and Kalman filtering method based on three-frame subtraction to capture the end-effector motion is proposed in this paper. Moreover, backpropagation (BP) neural network is adopted to recognize the target. At the same time, batch point cloud model is proposed in accordance with depth video stream to calculate the space coordinates of the end-effector and the target. Then, a 3D surface is fitted by using the radial basis function (RBF) and the morphology. The experiments have demonstrated that the end-effector positioning error can be corrected in a short time. The prediction accuracies of both position and velocity have reached 99% and recognition rate of 99.8% has been achieved for cylindrical object. Furthermore, the gradual convergence of the end-effector center (EEC) to the target center (TC) shows that the autonomous positioning is successful. Simultaneously, 3D reconstruction is also completed to analyze the positioning state. Hence, the proposed algorithm in this paper is competent for autonomous positioning of manipulator. The algorithm effectiveness is also validated by 3D reconstruction. The computational ability is increased and system efficiency is greatly improved.
Vehicle Coordinated Strategy for Vehicle Routing Problem with Fuzzy Demands
Authors: Liu Chang-shi , Kou Gang , Huang Fu-hua
Published: August 2016

The vehicle routing problem with fuzzy demands (VRPFD) is considered. A fuzzy reasoning constrained program model is formulated for VRPFD, and a hybrid ant colony algorithm is proposed to minimize total travel distance. Specifically, the two-vehicle-paired loop coordinated strategy is presented to reduce the additional distance, unloading times, and waste capacity caused by the service failure due to the uncertain demands. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Successful Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Harvest despite Preoperative Therapeutic Subcutaneous Heparin Administration into the Abdominal Pannus
Authors: Duncumb Joseph W. , Miyagi Kana , Forouhi Parto , Malata Charles M.
Published: August 2016

Abdominal free flaps for microsurgical breast reconstruction are most commonly harvested based on the deep inferior epigastric vessels that supply skin and fat via perforators through the rectus muscle and sheath. Intact perforator anatomy and connections are vital for subsequent optimal flap perfusion and avoidance of necrosis, be it partial or total. The intraflap vessels are delicate and easily damaged and it is generally advised that patients should avoid heparin injection into the abdominal pannus preoperatively as this may compromise the vascular perforators through direct needle laceration, pressure from bruising, haematoma formation, or perforator thrombosis secondary to external compression. We report three cases of successful deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap harvest despite patients injecting therapeutic doses of low molecular weight heparin into their abdomens for thrombosed central venous lines (portacaths™) used for administering primary chemotherapy in breast cancer.
Internal-Model-Principle-Based Specific Harmonics Repetitive Controller for Grid-Connected PWM Inverters
Authors: Lu Wenzhou , Shen Jinfei , Yang Yunhu
Published: August 2016

This paper analyzes the general properties of IMP-based controller and presents an internal-model-principle-based (IMP-based) specific harmonics repetitive control (SHRC) scheme. The proposed SHRC is effective for specificnk±morder harmonics, withn>m≥0andk=0,1,2,…. Using the properties of exponential function, SHRC can also be rewritten into the format of multiple resonant controllers in parallel, where the control gain of SHRC isn/2multiple of that of conventional RC (CRC). Therefore, including SHRC in a stable closed-loop feedback control system, asymptotic disturbance eliminating, or reference tracking for any periodic signal only including these specific harmonic components atn/2times faster error convergence rate compared with CRC can be achieved. Application examples of SHRC controlled three-phase/single-phase grid-connected PWM inverters demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed SHRC scheme.
Bronchial Artery Angiogenesis Drives Lung Tumor Growth
Authors: Eldridge Lindsey , Moldobaeva Aigul , Zhong Qiong , Jenkins John , Snyder Michael , Brown Robert H. , Mitzner Wayne , Wagner Elizabeth M.
Published: August 2016

Angiogenesis is vital for tumor growth but in well-vascularized organs such as the lung its importance is unclear. This situation is complicated by the fact that the lung has two separate circulations, the pulmonary and the systemic bronchial circulation. There are few relevant animal models of non–small cell lung cancer, which can be used to study the lung's complex circulations, and mice, lacking a systemic bronchial circulation cannot be used. We report here a novel orthotopic model of non–small cell lung cancer in rats, where we have studied the separate contributions of each of the two circulations for lung tumor growth. Results show that bronchial artery perfusion, quantified by fluorescent microspheres (206% increase in large tumors) or high-resolution computed tomography scans (276% increase in large tumors), parallels the growth in tumor volume, whereas pulmonary artery perfusion remained unchanged. Ablation of the bronchial artery after the initiation of tumor growth resulted in a decrease in tumor volume over a subsequent course of 4 weeks. These results demonstrate that although the existing pulmonary circulation can supply the metabolic needs for tumor initiation, further growth of the tumor requires angiogenesis from the highly proliferative bronchial circulation. This model may be useful to investigate new therapeutic approaches that target specifically the bronchial circulation. Cancer Res; 76(20); 5962–9. ©2016 AACR.
Cyst Fluid Analysis in Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Allen Peter J. , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A. , Klimstra David S.
Published: August 2016

Pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are surgically treatable cancer precursors, if high-risk features can be identified. Analysis of proteins and genes in cyst fluid helps diagnostically, but prior biomarkers had limited ability to detect high-risk cases. Cyst fluid telomerase activity may be a useful biomarker for high-risk IPMNs. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 4966–7. ©2016 AACR.

See related article by Hata et al., p. 5141
Stem Cells in Functional Bladder Engineering
Authors: Smolar Jakub , Salemi Souzan , Horst Maya , Sulser Tullio , Eberli Daniel
Published: August 2016

Conditions impairing bladder function in children and adults, such as myelomeningocele, posterior urethral valves, bladder exstrophy or spinal cord injury, often need urinary diversion or augmentation cystoplasty as when untreated they may cause severe bladder dysfunction and kidney failure. Currently, the gold standard therapy of end-stage bladder disease refractory to conservative management is enterocystoplasty, a surgical enlargement of the bladder with intestinal tissue. Despite providing functional improvement, enterocystoplasty is associated with significant long-term complications, such as recurrent urinary tract infections, metabolic abnormalities, stone formation, and malignancies. Therefore, there is a strong clinical need for alternative therapies for these reconstructive procedures, of which stem cell-based tissue engineering (TE) is considered to be the most promising future strategy. This review is focused on the recent progress in bladder stem cell research and therapy and the challenges that remain for the development of a functional bladder wall.
Severity of Gastric Mucosal Atrophy Is the Major Determinant of Plasma Ghrelin Level in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Sakao Yukitoshi , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Ichikawa Hitomi , Sahara Shu , Tsuji Takayuki , Ohashi Naro , Kato Akihiko , Fujigaki Yoshihide , Sugimoto Ken , Furuta Takahisa , Sakao Tadashi , Yasuda Hideo
Published: August 2016

Background: Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone, has multiple favorable functions including protein anabolism enhancement, anti-inflammatory actions, and cardiovascular protection. A low plasma ghrelin level is associated with increased mortality in patients treated with hemodialysis (HD). However, it is unclear whether the plasma ghrelin level in HD patients correlates with the severity of gastric mucosal atrophy and Helicobacter pylori status. Methods: Seventy-eight maintenance HD patients and 51 non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease were evaluated for severity of gastric mucosal atrophy by gastroduodenoscopy and for H. pylori status using an anti-H. pylori-antibody and rapid urease test. Plasma acyl and des-acyl ghrelin levels were measured and their associations with relevant clinical parameters were investigated. Results: Des-acyl ghrelin level in HD patients was significantly higher than that in patients with kidney function preserved. Although acyl and des-acyl ghrelin levels were similar between current H. pylori positive and negative HD patients, both levels decreased significantly with the progress of endoscopic gastric mucosal atrophy in HD patients. Serum pepsinogen (PG) I level and PG I/II ratio decreased significantly according to the severity of atrophy in HD patients and positively significantly correlated with both ghrelin levels. Multiple regression analysis showed significant positive correlations between acyl ghrelin and PG I levels (β = 0.738, p < 0.001) and significant negative correlations between ghrelin and age, albumin, and creatinine levels. Conclusions: Gastric atrophy is the major determinant of ghrelin level in HD patients. Management practices, such as H. pylori eradication, before advanced atrophy may be required to prevent the decrease of ghrelin levels and improve the prognosis of HD patients.
Concepciones de infancia en una escuela con altos índices de violencia escolar de estudiantes a profesores
Authors: Carrasco-Aguilar Claudia Lorena , Verdejo-Valenzuela Tabisa , Asun-Salazar Domingo , Álvarez Juan Pablo , Bustos-Raggi Camila , Ortiz-Mallegas Sebastián , Pavez-Mena Javiera , Smith-Quezada Demian , Valdivia-Hennig Nicolás
Published: August 2016

(analitic): This is a study in a primary school with high indexes of intimidation from the students to his professors. It looks for analyse the conceptions of implicit infancy in the discourses of the school community. For this study, we made persistent observations, to individual participants and groups interviews, analysis of official documents that were conducted and analysed under the analysis of thematic categorial content. The results show how the schools are using some mechanisms to validate the infancy like space of passage. The schools are placing like referent for this mechanism a form of adultcentrism that it express in practices of control and discrimination. The senses built about childhood and its implications for the construction of children's subjectivities are discussed.
Key words: Violence in the education, childhood, adults, teachers (Unesco Social Sciences Thesaurus).
Performance and Validation of a Novel Biomarker-Based Stroke Risk Score for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Oldgren Jonas , Hijazi Ziad , Lindbäck Johan , Alexander John H. , Connolly Stuart J. , Eikelboom John W. , Ezekowitz Michael D. , Granger Christopher B. , Hylek Elaine M. , Lopes Renato D. , Siegbahn Agneta , Yusuf Salim , Wallentin Lars
Published: August 2016

Background:

Atrial fibrillation is associated with increased but variable risk of stroke. Our aim was to validate the recently developed biomarker-based ABC (age, biomarkers [high-sensitivity troponin and N-terminal fragment B-type natriuretic peptide], and clinical history of prior stroke/transient ischemic attack)-stroke risk score and compare its performance with the CHA
2
DS
2
VASc and ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) risk scores.

Methods:

The ABC-stroke score includes age, biomarkers (N-terminal fragment B-type natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin), and clinical history (prior stroke). This validation was based on 8356 patients, 16 137 person-years of follow-up, and 219 adjudicated stroke or systemic embolic events in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation in the RE-LY study (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy). Levels of N-terminal fragment B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) were determined in plasma samples obtained at study entry.

Results:

The ABC-stroke score was well calibrated with 0.76 stroke/systemic embolic events per 100 person-years in the predefined low (<1%/y) risk group, 1.48 in the medium (1%–2%/y) risk group, and 2.60 in the high (>2%/y) risk group for the ABC-stroke score with hs-cTnT. Hazard ratios for stroke/systemic embolic events were 1.95 for medium- versus low-risk groups, and 3.44 for high- versus low-risk groups. ABC-stroke score achieved
C
indices of 0.65 with both hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI, in comparison with 0.60 for CHA
2
DS
2
VASc (
P
=0.004 for hs-cTnT and
P
=0.022 hs-cTnI) and 0.61 for ATRIA scores (
P
=0.005 hs-cTnT and
P
=0.034 for hs-cTnI).

Conclusions:

The biomarker-based ABC-stroke score was well calibrated and consistently performed better than both the CHA
2
DS
2
VASc and ATRIA stroke scores. The ABC score should be considered an improved decision support tool in the care of patients with atrial fibrillation.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: ARISTOTLE, NCT00412984; RE-LY, NCT00262600.
Participant‐Reported Health Status Predicts Cardiovascular and All‐Cause Mortality Independent of Established and Nontraditional Biomarkers: Evidence From a Representative US Sample
Authors: Barger Steven D. , Cribbet Matthew R. , Muldoon Matthew F.
Published: August 2016

Background

Participant‐reported health status is a key indicator of cardiovascular health, but its predictive value relative to traditional and nontraditional risk factors is unknown. We evaluated whether participant‐reported health status, as indexed by self‐rated health, predicted cardiovascular disease, and all‐cause mortality risk excess of 10‐year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (
ASCVD
) risk scores and 5 nontraditional risk biomarkers.

Methods and Results

Analyses used prospective observational data from the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys among those aged 40 to 79 years (N=4677). Vital status was ascertained through 2011, during which there were 850 deaths, 206 from cardiovascular disease (
CVD
). We regressed
CVD
and all‐cause mortality on standardized values of self‐rated health in survival models, adjusting for age, sex, education, existing chronic disease, race/ethnicity,
ASCVD
risk, and standardized biomarkers (fibrinogen, C‐reactive protein [
CRP
], triglycerides, albumin, and uric acid). In sociodemographically adjusted models, a 1‐
SD
decrease in self‐rated health was associated with increased risk of
CVD
mortality (hazard ratio [
HR
], 1.92; 95%
CI
, 1.51–2.45;
P
<0.001), and this hazard remained strong after adjusting for
ASCVD
risk and nontraditional biomarkers (
HR
, 1.79; 95%
CI
, 1.42–2.26;
P
<0.001). Self‐rated health also predicted all‐cause mortality even after adjustment for
ASCVD
risk and nontraditional biomarkers (
HR
, 1.50; 95%
CI
, 1.35–1.66;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Self‐rated health provides prognostic information beyond that captured by traditional
ASCVD
risk assessments and by nontraditional
CVD
biomarkers. Consideration of self‐rated health in combination with traditional risk factors may facilitate risk assessment and clinical care.
Frontal Cortex Supports the Early Structuring of Multiple Solution Steps in Symbolic Problem-solving
Authors: Tschentscher Nadja , Hauk Olaf
Published: August 2016

Abstract problem-solving relies on a sequence of cognitive steps involving phases of task encoding, the structuring of solution steps, and their execution. On the neural level, metabolic neuroimaging studies have associated a frontal-parietal network with various aspects of executive control during numerical and nonnumerical problem-solving. We used EEG–MEG to assess whether frontal cortex contributes specifically to the early structuring of multiple solution steps. Basic multiplication (“3 × 4” vs. “3 × 24”) was compared with an arithmetic sequence rule (“first add the two digits, then multiply the sum with the smaller digit”) on two complexity levels. This allowed dissociating demands of early solution step structuring from early task encoding demands. Structuring demands were high for conditions that required multiple steps, that is, complex multiplication and the two arithmetic sequence conditions, but low for easy multiplication that mostly relied on direct memory retrieval. Increased right frontal activation in time windows between 300 and 450 msec was observed only for conditions that required multiple solution steps. General task encoding demands, operationalized by problem size (one-digit vs. two-digit numbers), did not predict these early frontal effects. In contrast, parietal effects occurred as a function of problem size irrespectively of structuring demands in early phases of task encoding between 100 and 300 msec. We here propose that frontal cortex subserves domain-general processes of problem-solving, such as the structuring of multiple solution steps, whereas parietal cortex supports number-specific early encoding processes that vary as a function of problem size.
Puerulus settlement of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) along the Colombian Caribbean coast
Authors: Jaimes Juan C. , Trujillo Carlos A. , Cruz Raúl , Teixeira Carlos E. P. , Menezes María O. B.
Published: August 2016

This study examines the settlement patterns of the Caribbean lobsterPanulirus argus(Latreille, 1804) on the continental shelf of Caribbean Colombia during a period of 16 months (December 2002-March 2004). Field studies of the puerulus settlement were performed using 20 submerged collectors between 10 and 11 m depth, at three locations (Taganga Bay, Pelícano Island and Pozos Colorados Bay) and five stations. Our goal was to collect information comparable among stations, to analyse the spatio-temporal variability of puerulus settlement, and to verify possible associations with the discharge of the Orinoco River and the regional oceanic circulation. The peak time of larval recruitment occurred in March and April, in July the influx of settlement was minimal, and a second peak occurred between August and November. We propose a hypothesis that the Panama-Colombia gyre (quasi-permanent) located in the southern Colombia Basin, could provide the mechanism that ensures self-recruitment of the stock in this region.
Negotiating Religious Traditions — Babu wa Loliondo’s Theology of Healing
Authors: Vähäkangas Mika
Published: August 2016

Retired Lutheran pastor Ambilikile Mwasapila became the most celebrated healer in Eastern Africa for half a year in 2011. His healing consists of an herbal potion, brewed according to the recipe he got from God in dreams. According to Rev. Mwasapila, the potency of the medicine stems from the presence of the Word of God in it. It is efficient only when administered by him. He perceives himself as a prophet called by God to alleviate sufferings of humankind in a world pestered by illnesses sent by Satan. His theology of healing has clear Lutheran sacramental theological elements combined with views from African traditional medicine and Christian charismatic faith healing. His cosmology is deeply rooted in African views of the spirit world interpreted through Pentecostal-charismatic demonology. The ideas underlying his ministry can be seen as an oral charismatic Lutheran contextual theology lived out in practice.
The Literary-Historical Approach of Yefet Ben ‘Eli the Karaite in His Commentary of the Book of Amos
Authors: Nadler-Akirav Meirav
Published: August 2016

This article gives an overview of the exegetical approaches in Yefet’s biblical commentaries, especially his literary-historical approach as a central component of Yefet’s commentary on the Book of Amos. Yefet espouses an essentially historical approach to the biblical text; evident both by his deductions of the nature of society, and by dating the events mentioned in the book, based on biblical “evidence” taken from references to other biblical texts. He treats these events as developing narratives using both literary and historical tools. This approach guides his interpretations and helps him to determine whether metaphorical or literal interpretation is most appropriate.
Von den Grenzen einer frühneuzeitlichen Biographie: Melchior Adams Vita Helii Eobani Hessi und ihre Quellen
Authors: Beims Klaus-Dieter
Published: August 2016

Melchior Adam’s collection of biographies offers a unique insight into the intellectual history of the German-speaking cultural world from the late 15th century onwards. Using the Vita Helii Eobani Hessi as an example, this article examines the different sources available to Adam. Furthermore, the article analyses the selection and literary transformation of these sources in Adam’s biography. The image of Hessus in Adam’s main source already shows all the evidence of being just a construction; the essay examines if Adam is checking the construction in a critical manner or if he just accepts it. By comparing the sources that Adam used, the limits of the biography’s historical content are revealed.
Chinese Difference and Deservingness
Authors: Statz Michele L.
Published: August 2016

Each year, approximately 1,500 youth migrate alone and clandestinely from China to the United States. If apprehended and placed in removal proceedings, these individuals and their legal advocates often prioritize specific narratives of family and age to qualify for legal relief. Such narratives are not new, of course. Shaped and arguably demanded by the law and broader ideologies of race, childhood, and citizenship, in many ways these accounts reflect both the intent and the constraints of an earlier subset of migrants, the Chinese “paper sons” who purchased family stories and identity papers to circumvent the Chinese Exclusion Act. Yet, as this article demonstrates, a meaningful divergence exists—one chiefly dependent on contemporary migrants’ status as “children.” For Chinese youth designated Unaccompanied Alien Children, establishing the vulnerability worthy of protection largely relies on a complex tale of cultural obligation and coercive, exploitative parents. As a result, instead of selecting one family over another as a century ago, today a specific and considerably more damaging image of the migrant’s family is put forth. Moving between the “paper sons” at the start of the 20th century and those daughters and sons at the end, this article critically explores the role that relatedness, either fictitious or filtered, plays in establishing legal relief in the United States. It likewise examines the unsettling of valued ties that occurs when actual, intimate relationships are silenced or diminished in the process.
Optimized Time-Gated Fluorescence Spectroscopy for the Classification and Recycling of Fluorescently Labeled Plastics
Authors: Fomin Petr , Zhelondz Dmitry , Kargel Christian
Published: August 2016

For the production of high-quality parts from recycled plastics, a very high purity of the plastic waste to be recycled is mandatory. The incorporation of fluorescent tracers (“markers”) into plastics during the manufacturing process helps overcome typical problems of non-tracer based optical classification methods. Despite the unique emission spectra of fluorescent markers, the classification becomes difficult when the host plastics exhibit (strong) autofluorescence that spectrally overlaps the marker fluorescence. Increasing the marker concentration is not an option from an economic perspective and might also adversely affect the properties of the plastics. A measurement approach that suppresses the autofluorescence in the acquired signal is time-gated fluorescence spectroscopy (TGFS). Unfortunately, TGFS is associated with a lower signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, which results in larger classification errors. In order to optimize the S/N ratio we investigate and validate the best TGFS parameters—derived from a model for the fluorescence signal—for plastics labeled with four specifically designed fluorescent markers. In this study we also demonstrate the implementation of TGFS on a measurement and classification prototype system and determine its performance. Mean values for a sensitivity of [Formula: see text] = 99.93% and precision [Formula: see text] = 99.80% were achieved, proving that a highly reliable classification of plastics can be achieved in practice.
A comparison of perceptions of ‘modern-type’ and melancholic depression in Japan
Authors: Sakamoto Shinji , Yamakawa Itsuki , Muranaka Masaki
Published: August 2016

Background:

In Japan, psychiatrists have noted two different types of depression, traditional/melancholic depression and ‘modern-type’ depression (MTD). Although both the modern and the traditional types of depression overlap in regard to symptoms, these are two distinct syndromes, which can lead to confusion for Japanese people.

Aims:

This study aims to examine impressions of two types of depression using vignettes and clarify the differences in perceptions of the two types.

Methods:

The participants, 206 Japanese undergraduates, were presented with two vignettes, one describing a patient with traditional-type depression and the other describing a patient with MTD, and then were asked to answer questions regarding their perceptions of the patient. In order to control covariates (i.e. perceived severity and dysfunction of depression), analyses of covariance with repeated measures were administered.

Results:

People generally had more negative perceptions of the patient with MTD. For example, when the protagonist was the patient with MTD, people were more likely to avoid and less motivated to support the patient. Large differences were also found in causal attribution to internal and controllable causes.

Conclusion:

Negative impressions of the patient with MTD may be partly explained by causal attribution to internal and controllable factors.
Investigation of Visual Motor Integration Skills in Children With Speech Sound Problems
Authors: Ercan Zülfiye Gül , Yilmaz Şule , Taş Memduha , Aral Neriman
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate visual motor integration skills in children with speech sound disorders compared with age-matched controls. Sixty-five children aged from 5 to 6½ years old (68% males, 32% females; M age = 5.4, SD = 0.5) participated in the study. Thirty-one of them had speech sound problems, and 34 were children without any problem in their speech. The Ankara Articulation Test for evaluating speech sound skills and the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration with its supplemental tests of Visual Perception and Motor Coordination were used in the study. Visual Motor Integration, Visual Perception, and Motor Coordination scores of children with speech sound disorders were significantly lower than those of controls.
Teachers collaborate across state lines to design high-quality units
Authors: Vasudeva Ash , Slamp Amy
Published: August 2016

With states and districts across the country implementing the Common Core State Standards, teachers have more opportunities than ever to collaborate around the shared goals of strengthening curriculum design, classroom practices, and student learning. Building from this premise, the Common Assignment Study (CAS) has brought together teams of teachers from Colorado and Kentucky to design and teach two common assignments each year. The experiences of these teachers show how practitioners in different contexts can successfully collaborate to help students meet college- and career-ready standards. Published first online in April 2016 at http://www.kappancommoncore.org/teachers-collaborate-across-state-lines-to-design-high-quality-units/ Kappan Common Core web site.
Washington View
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: August 2016

The results of the 48th annual PDK Poll of the Public’s Attitudes Toward the Public Schools suggest that Americans may have tired of the relentless focus on academics that occurred during the No Child Left Behind era and that they want more emphasis on preparing students for life after school.
Under the Law
Authors: Underwood Julie
Published: August 2016

The late Justice Antonin Scalia had a profound effect on the U.S. Supreme Court, consistently adhering to and promoting, sometimes scornfully, a strict constructionist application of the U.S. Constitution. On major education cases, he consistently voted against using race in decision making, against claims related to the separation of church and state, and in favor of greater restrictions on student rights. In this Under the Law column, Julie Underwood takes a closer look at some of these cases and his opinions.
Backtalk
Authors: Morris Matthew R.
Published: August 2016

The author, who taught 4th and 5th grade, got rid of his own pedestal classroom desk two years ago. What followed were a greater focus on students and more conversations and better relationships with them.
The Development of the Attitude Toward Professional Autonomy Scale for Nurses in Japan
Authors: Asakura Kyoko , Satoh Miho , Watanabe Ikue
Published: August 2016

This study’s aim was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Attitude toward Professional Autonomy Scale for Nurses in Japan. In Study 1, the initial (26-item) version of the scale was pilot tested on 454 Japanese nurses; item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed. In Study 2, the revised version of the scale (19 items) was administered to 802 Japanese nurses. The scale had good internal consistency (α = .85). Correlations with the scale of the desire of self-determination supported its concurrent validity. The scale could facilitate the assessment of cognitive aspects of professional autonomy among nurses and contribute to assessment of the propensity to behave autonomously among nurses in various clinical settings.
The traveler as author: examining self-presentation and discourse in the (self) published travel blog
Authors: Azariah Deepti Ruth
Published: August 2016

From the perspective of Goffman’s theories of self-presentation, travel blogs can be described as narratives that indicate the different roles occupied by an individual’s online self. A blogger may discursively position the self as a traveler, rather than a tourist, a dichotomy that underpins much critical debate in the area of travel and tourism studies, thus creating tensions within the blog. These tensions are heightened when blogs presented as accounts of travel are published as guidebooks or books that promote tourism. It can be argued that in such cases the act of publishing commercializes these narratives and introduces an element of touristic discourse. Moreover, the choice of either a legacy publisher or a self-publishing service can have implications for how a travel blogger may be presented and perceived as a reputable published author. Against this background, this article explores how travel blogs negotiate the discursive tensions produced as a result of the presentation of various aspects of self, particularly as a published author and as a traveler as opposed to a tourist.