bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ventral tegmental area deep brain stimulation for chronic cluster headache: Effects on cognition, mood, pain report behaviour and quality of life
Authors: Cappon Davide , Ryterska Agata , Lagrata Susie , Miller Sarah , Akram Harith , Hyam Jonatham , Zrinzo Ludvic , Matharu Manjit , Jahanshahi Marjan
Published: March 2019

Background

Deep brain stimulation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA-DBS) has provided remarkable therapeutic benefits in decreasing headache frequency and severity in patients with medically refractory chronic cluster headache (CH). However, to date the effects of VTA-DBS on cognition, mood and quality of life have not been examined in detail.

Methods

The aim of the present study was to do so in a case series of 18 consecutive patients with cluster headache who underwent implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes in the ventral tegmental area. The patients were evaluated preoperatively and after a mean of 14 months of VTA-DBS on tests of global cognition (Mini Mental State Examination), intelligence (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence), verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test-II), executive function (Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System), and attention (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test). Depression (Beck Depression Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale-D), anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale-A), apathy (Starkstein Apathy Scale), and hopelessness (Beck Hopelessness Scale) were also assessed. Subjective pain experience (McGill Pain Questionnaire), behaviour (Pain Behaviour Checklist) and quality of life (Short Form-36) were also evaluated at the same time points.

Results

VTA-DBS resulted in significant improvement of headache frequency (from a mean of five to two attacks daily, p < .001) and severity (from mean Verbal Rating Scale [VRS] of 10 to 7, p < .001) which was associated with significant reduction of anxiety (from mean HADS-A of 11.94 to 8.00, p < .001) and help-seeking behaviours (from mean PBC of 4.00 to 2.61, p < .001). VTA-DBS did not produce any significant change to any tests of cognitive function and any other outcome measures (BDI, HADS-D, SAS, BHS, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Short Form-36).

Conclusion

We confirm the efficacy of VTA-DBS in the treatment of medically refractory chronic cluster headache. The reduction of headache frequency and severity was associated with a significant reduction of anxiety. Furthermore, the result suggests that VTA-DBS for chronic cluster headache improves pain-related help-seeking behaviours and does not produce any change in cognition.
Student Nurses’ Experiences and Reflections on Pain Management in the Clinical Setting: An Exploratory Analysis of Students’ Choice of Assignment Topic
Authors: Carr Eloise C. J. , Hall Marc , Seneviratne Cydnee
Published: March 2019

Background

Pain, particularly chronic pain, represents a global health burden. The provision of undergraduate pain education for health professionals remains suboptimal, and yet pain features as an important competency for successful licensure in Canada.

Purpose

To explore what clinical events undergraduate nursing students identify as critical to their learning. If pain featured, then to describe the nature of the pain incident.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional design with a thematic analysis of year 3 undergraduate student nurses’ assignments was used. For the assignments identified as related to pain, a more detailed inductive content analysis was used to provide a condensed but broad description of the data.

Results

A total of 215 students participated. The most reported topics were pain (14.8%), patient assessment (10.2%), patient-/family-centered care (10.2%), and effective communication (9.8%). For those who described a pain encounter in their clinical experience, advocacy, managing the gap, and a lack of knowledge were the main focus.

Conclusions

This study provided valuable insights to the ways in which student nurses wrote about their experiences and management of pain in the clinical setting. Strengthening learning in the nursing curricula around advocacy and conflict management might provide new ways to improve pain education.
Finite element simulation of thermomechanical training on functional stability of shape memory alloy wave spring actuator
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Weihong , Zhu Jihong , Xu Yingjie , Gu Xiaojun , Moumni Ziad
Published: March 2019

Pre-service thermomechanical training is of great significance to achieve functional stability for shape memory alloy device. This article presents a finite element simulation of the training behavior of a shape memory alloy wave spring actuator using a thermomechanically coupled and finite-strain shape memory alloy model (Wang et al., 2017a). The model is implemented into ABAQUS/Explicit by means of a user-defined material subroutine VUMAT. The introduction of a finite-Hencky-strain return-mapping integration scheme substantially improves the numerical efficiency and stability. Model predictions are validated against the experimental data. The good agreement between both demonstrates the capabilities of the model of well describing the training behavior of shape memory alloy when subjected to large cyclic thermomechanical loading. Simulation results illustrate several primary thermomechanical characteristics during training process, such as the expansion of the phase transformation zone, the accumulation of the residual deformation, and the concentration of the internal stress. The present finite element approach provides a powerful tool in design and optimization of shape memory alloy wave spring actuator, especially to improve the geometric precision and to enhance the two-way shape memory effect.
Neurocognitive Adaptation and Mental Health Vulnerability Following Maltreatment: The Role of Social Functioning
Authors: McCrory Eamon , Ogle Joseph R. , Gerin Mattia Indi , Viding Essi
Published: March 2019

Childhood maltreatment is associated with a lifetime increase in risk of mental health disorder. We propose that such vulnerability may stem in large part from altered patterns of social functioning. Here, we highlight key findings from the psychological and epidemiological literature indicating that early maltreatment experience compromises social functioning and attenuates social support in ways that increase mental health vulnerability. We then review the extant neuroimaging studies of children and adolescents, focusing on three domains implicated in social functioning: threat processing, reward processing, and emotion regulation. We discuss how adaptations in these domains may increase latent vulnerability to mental health problems by impacting on social functioning via increased stress susceptibility as well as increased stress generation. Finally, we explore how computational psychiatry approaches, alongside systematically reported measures of social functioning, can complement studies of neural function in the creation of a mechanistic framework aimed at informing approaches to prevention and intervention.
Data protection in the age of welfare conditionality: Respect for basic rights or a race to the bottom?
Authors: Gantchev Valery
Published: March 2019

This article addresses the informational control powers of the state to detect social security fraud as one of the pillars supporting welfare conditionality in Western European states. It sheds light on the question of whether the repressive trend of vastly expanding conditions and sanctions attached to welfare benefits can also be observed in an unwarranted expansion of the adopted control powers of the government. The article begins by highlighting the importance of data protection law in the field of social security. It then provides a normative yardstick for assessing nationally the control powers by analysing the normative criteria set by the EU data protection framework, more specifically with regard to the purpose limitation principle and the transparency rights of individuals. Three case studies are carried out on Germany, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands which investigate the conformity of the control powers of the welfare administration with the basic right to data protection. The article concludes by providing explanations for the diverging level of protection in the examined countries and by recommending strategies for improving the data protection position of welfare beneficiaries.
Noninvasive blood pressure estimation with peak delay of different pulse waves
Authors: Li Yibin , Li Shengnan , Song Houbing , Shao Bin , Yang Xiao , Deng Ning
Published: March 2019

In this article, we discuss the validity of noninvasive continuous blood pressure estimation with two different types of peripheral pulse waves. Artery-blocking experiment shows that phase difference of two pulse waves at the same location is well related with blood pressure and blood flow fluctuation. Exercise-recovery experiment resulting from 16 subjects shows that phase difference varies with blood pressure with the correlation from 0.63 to 0.88 when blood pressure changes rapidly. Simulations based on a classic hemodynamic model verify the relationship between phase difference and blood pressure. However, phase difference is strongly correlated with smooth muscle state of the arterial wall as well. If smooth muscle information can be obtained by further study, phase difference can act as a promising approach to portable and wearable device for real-time blood pressure monitoring.
Mask-Making and Drawing as Method: Arts-Based Approaches to Data Collection With War-Affected Children
Authors: Green Amber , Denov Myriam
Published: March 2019

Globally, the numbers of children living in conflict zones and displaced by war have risen dramatically over the past two decades, and with this, scholarly attention to the impacts of war on children. More recently, researchers have examined how war-affected children are being studied, revealing important shortcomings. These limitations relate to the lack of child participation in research, the need for researchers to engage children in the research process as “active agents” rather than “passive objects” under study, as well as the need for researchers to pay closer attention to ethical dilemmas associated with researching war-affected children. To address these realities, innovative research methods that can be adapted across diverse sociocultural contexts are warranted. In light of these shortcomings, our research team integrated two arts-based methods: mask-making and drawing, alongside traditional qualitative data collection methods with a particularly marginalized population of young people: children born in captivity within the Lord’s Resistance Army in northern Uganda. In this article, we provide information on the context of northern Uganda. We describe how the use of mask-making and drawing was used as data gathering tools and the ways in which these arts-based methods had important benefits for the research participants, researchers, and impacted on the validity of the research as a whole. We propose that the use of these participatory visual methods enriched the themes elicited through more traditional methods. The article describes how these arts-based mediums fostered community building among children typically excluded from their communities and were successful as a tool to build trust between participants and the research team when exploring sensitive topics. The article concludes with implications for future research with war-affected children.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of transarterial chemoembolization on portal hypertension in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Scheiner Bernhard , Ulbrich Gregor , Mandorfer Mattias , Reiberger Thomas , Müller Christian , Waneck Fredrik , Trauner Michael , Kölblinger Claus , Ferlitsch Arnulf , Sieghart Wolfgang , Peck-Radosavljevic Markus , Pinter Matthias
Published: March 2019

Background

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) affects hepatic perfusion, and might have an impact on portal pressure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Objective

The objective of this article is to report the secondary outcome “hepatic hemodynamics” from the AVATACE trial, a prospective randomized, placebo‐controlled trial on the efficacy of conventional TACE in combination with bevacizumab or placebo.

Methods

Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) was measured at baseline (prior to first TACE), within nine days (“acute effects”), two months (“intermediate effects”) and six months (“long‐term effects”) after the first TACE.

Results

Of 28 patients with early‐intermediate stage HCC, n = 20 (71%) had clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH, HVPG ≥ 10 mmHg) at baseline (median, 12 (interquartile range (IQR): 9–19) mmHg). TACE had neither “acute effects” nor “intermediate effects” on HVPG. However, in 13 patients with available HVPG measurement at month 6, there was a significant increase in HVPG (median, 16 (IQR: 11–19) mmHg) compared with baseline (median, 10 (IQR: 5–12) mmHg; p = 0.007). Portal hypertension‐related complications occurred exclusively in patients with CSPH (8 (40%) vs 0).

Conclusions

Repeated TACE was associated with a significant long‐term increase in HVPG. This should be considered when deciding whether to continue with TACE or switch to systemic treatment, since CSPH drives the development of complications.
Use of a Silicon Stoma Stent as an Interim Step in High‐Risk Tracheostomy Decannulation
Authors: Ross Jacqueline , McMurray Kristy , Cameron Tanis , Lanteri Celia
Published: March 2019

Objective

To describe use of a stoma stent to facilitate high‐risk decannulation.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of 14 consecutive patients who received a stent from March 2013 to December 2016 at a quaternary health care service. Primary outcome measures were decannulation outcome and adverse events.

Results

Decannulation outcome: 12 of 14 patients had their tracheostomy tube (TT) removal facilitated by stent use. Patients had the stent for a median of 6 days (interquartile range, 49). Reasons for use included medical instability, risk of sputum retention, uncertain airway patency, and the need for ongoing airway access. All patients survived to discharge. One patient residing in the community has retained a stoma stent. Adverse events: One patient removed the stent on the day of insertion, necessitating reinsertion of the TT. Granulation tissue at the stoma site was seen in 2 patients.

Discussion

A tracheostoma will normally close within 48 hours following decannulation, which is problematic if TT reinsertion is required. By using the stent, reversal of decannulation becomes a simple ward‐based procedure. In comparison to a TT, which is secured with ties, the stoma stent proved unsuitable for use in an agitated patient.

Implications for Practice

Decreasing total cannulation time is of benefit as patients with tracheostomy are subject to high rates of complications and adverse events. A stoma stent poses little risk and a low morbidity burden to the patient in comparison to alternative management.
Neutrophil plasticity in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Giese Morgan A. , Hind Laurel E. , Huttenlocher Anna
Published: March 2019

Neutrophils act as the body’s first line of defense against infection and respond to diverse inflammatory cues, including cancer. Neutrophils display plasticity, with the ability to adapt their function in different inflammatory contexts. In the tumor microenvironment, neutrophils have varied functions and have been classified using different terms, including N1/N2 neutrophils, tumor-associated neutrophils, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil myeloid–derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). These populations of neutrophils are primarily defined by their functional phenotype, because few specific cell surface markers have been identified. In this review, we will discuss neutrophil polarization and plasticity and the function of proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory and protumor/antitumor neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment. We will also discuss how neutrophils with the ability to suppress T-cell activation, referred to by some as PMN-MDSCs, fit into this paradigm.
The London memory service audit and quality improvement programme
Authors: Cook Laura D. , Nichol Katie E. , Isaacs Jeremy D.
Published: March 2019

Aims and method

Memory services have expanded significantly in the UK, but limited performance data have been published. The aim of this programme was to determine variation in London memory services and address this through service improvement projects. In 2016 London memory services were invited to participate in an audit consisting of case note reviews of at least 50 consecutively seen patients.

Results

Ten services participated in the audit, totalling 590 patients. Variation was noted in neuroimaging practice, neuropsychology referrals, diagnosis subtype, non-dementia diagnoses, waiting times and post-diagnostic support. Findings from the audit were used to initiate four service improvement projects.

Clinical Implications

Memory services should consider streamlining pathways to reduce waiting times, implementing pathways for patients who do not have dementia, monitoring appropriateness of neuroimaging, and working with commissioners and primary care to ensure that access to post-diagnostic interventions is consistent with the updated National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) dementia guideline.
Neuraxial Anesthesia in a Patient With a History of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Case Report
Authors: Unnithan Ajay S. , Wang Jacob , Krakowski James C.
Published: March 2019

One commonly cited complication of neuraxial techniques is postdural puncture headache. Patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension may present with a similar constellation of symptoms in the absence of any neuraxial instrumentation. The underlying physiology of spontaneous intracranial hypotension is similar to postdural puncture headache, but cerebrospinal fluid leaks may develop spontaneously at multiple levels of the neuraxis due to a variety of proposed mechanisms. We present a patient with a history of spontaneous intracranial hypotension who underwent a total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia without complication and discuss the pathophysiology, proposed etiologies and treatments, and safety of neuraxial anesthesia in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Thoracic Sympathectomy for Refractory Chest Pain: A Case Report
Authors: Blaufuss Gregory S. , Patel Trusharth A.
Published: March 2019

Pericarditis is a source of chest pain that can be chronic and debilitating. We describe a patient diagnosed with pericarditis with chest pain refractory to medical management. This pain was significantly relieved by a left stellate ganglion block, and a subsequent thoracic chain sympathectomy resulted in 3 months of gradually diminishing relief. Possible reasons for this result may include incomplete transection, a significant contribution of pain signaling from the phrenic and/or vagus nerve, or nerve regeneration. Literature describing these interventional techniques for pericardial pain is sparse, and more research is needed to determine their efficacy in refractory pericardial pain.
Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise Programs for Health Promotion in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: MORALES-PALOMO FELIX , RAMIREZ-JIMENEZ MIGUEL , ORTEGA JUAN FERNANDO , MORA-RODRIGUEZ RICARDO
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Continuous and interval are the two types of aerobic exercise training commonly used for health promotion. We sought to determine which aerobic exercise training program results in larger health improvements in metabolic syndrome (MetS) individuals.

Methods

One hundred twenty-one MetS patients (age, 57 ± 8 yr; weight, 92 ± 15 kg; and MetS factors, 3.8 ± 0.8 components) with low initial cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (V˙O2peak, 24.0 ± 5.5 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomized to undergo one of the following 16-wk exercise program: (a) 4 × 4-min high-intensity interval training at 90% of HRMAX (4HIIT group; n = 32), (b) 50-min moderate-intensity continuous training at 70% of HRMAX (MICT group; n = 35), (c) 10 × 1-min HIIT at 100% of HRMAX (1HIIT group; n = 32), or (d) no exercise control group (CONT; n = 22). We measured the evolution of all five MetS components (i.e., MetS Z Score) and CRF (assessed by V˙O2peak) before and after intervention.

Results

MetS Z score decreased 41% after 4HIIT (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25–0.06; P < 0.01) and 52% in MICT (95% CI, 0.24–0.06; P < 0.01), whereas it did not change in 1HIIT (decreased 24%; 95% CI, −0.16 to 0.03; P = 0.21) and CONT (increased 20%; 95% CI, −0.19 to 0.04; P = 0.22). However, the three exercise groups improved similarly their V˙O2peak (4HIIT, 11%; 95% CI, 0.14–0.33; MICT, 12%; 95% CI, 0.18–0.36; and 1HIIT, 14%; 95% CI, 0.21–0.40 L·min−1; all P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that in sedentary individuals with MetS and low initial CRF level any aerobic training program of 16 wk with a frequency of three times per week is sufficient stimulus to raise CRF. However, the more intense but shorter 1HIIT training program is not effective on improving MetS Z score, and thus we caution its recommendation for health promotion purposes in this population.
Editorial
Authors: Canakis Costas
Published: March 2019

Language issues in former Yugoslav space: Current perspectives
Rediscovering the border region in linguistics: Cases from Southeastern Europe
Authors: Jussufi Lumnije
Published: March 2019

Border region research has recently made its way into various different disciplines and is becoming increasingly useful for sociolinguistics. Nevertheless, in the context of the languages represented in Southeastern European Studies, it is still rather rare today and heretofore non-existent in the Albanian context. This can be explained by the fact that the pivotal research object –state borders– as well as the languages discussed are often used as political and ideological tools. Often, the language situation of a given border region is not taken into account at all, for the sake of preserving the image of linguistic –and thereby national– unity. This paper will show the results of a study in the Albanian-Macedonian border region of Dibra/Debar, which has been divided forroughly 100 years into two parts, situated East and West of the geopolitical border. The central question is to what extent the state border has exerted influence on local dialects, local standard languages, language behavior, and perception of language among the local population.
ΥΓΕΙΟΝΟΜΙΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΠΤΗΝΟΤΡΟΦΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΖΩΙΚΩΝ ΑΛΕΥΡΩΝ
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Α.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΤΕΧΝΗΤΗ ΣΠΕΡΜΑΤΕΓΧΥΣΙΣ, ΣΤΕΙΡΟΤΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΤΗΝΙΑΤΡΙΚΗ ΑΡΜΟΔΙΟΤΗΣ
Authors: ΡΩΣΣΗΣ Θ. Ι.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΡΙΚΚΕΤΤΣΙΩΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΝΕΟ ΡΙΚΚΕΤΤΣΙΟΣΕΙΣ ΕΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΙ III. Ορολογική έρευνα επί της συχνότητος τών απλών και μικτών μολύνσεων τών κατοικίδιων ζώων τών οφειλομένων είς Rickettsia Burneti, Neo-Rickettsia Q18 και Brucella*
Authors: ΔΡΑΓΩΝΑΣ Π. Ν. , ΣΤΟΦΟΡΟΣ Ε. Ν. , ΑΝΤΩΝΕΑΣ Γ. Ε.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΕΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΙ ΕΜΦΑΝΙΣΘΕΙΣΗΣ ΜΕΤΑΔΟΤΙΚΗΣ ΣΤΟΜΑΤΙΤΙΔΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΒΟΟΕΙΔΩΝ ΠΡΟΣΟΜΟΙΑΖΟΥΣΗΣ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟ ΣΥΜΠΛΕΓΜΑ ΤΗΣ ΝΟΣΟΥ ΤΩΝ ΒΛΕΝΝΟΓΟΝΩΝ - Ι. Φ υ σ ι κ ή ν ό σ ο ς
Authors: ΔΡΑΓΩΝΑΣ Π. Ν. , ΠΑΠΠΟΥΣ Χ.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΝΟΣΟΣ TΩN ΒΛΕΝΝΟΓΟΝΩΝ TΩN ΒΟΟΕΙΔΩΝ EN ΜΕΣΣΗΝΙΑ
Authors: ΖΟΥΡΛΑ Δ. ΣΠ.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΠΙΔΡΑΣΙΣ ΕΠΙ ΤΟΥ ΦΥΛΟΥ ΤΩΝ ZΩΩN ΤΗ ΠΡΟΣΘΗΚΗ ΟΡΜΟΝΩΝ ΕΝΤΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΣΠΕΡΜΑΤΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΕΧΝΗΤΗΣ ΣΠΕΡΜΑΤΕΓΧΥΣΕΩΣ
Authors: ΕΜΜΑΝΟΥΗΛΙΔΗΣ Ι. Ε.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΡΕΥΝΑ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΣΥΧΝΟΤΗΤΟΣ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑΣ ΑΝΤΙΒΙΟΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΙΣ ΤΟ ΓΑΛΑ ΤΗΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗΣ ΘΕΣ/ΝΙΚΗΣ
Authors: ΓΙΑΝΝΑΚΟΥΛΑΣ Δ. , ΣΙΜΟΣ Ε.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΝΟΣΟΣ ΕΓΚΕΦΑΛΟΜΥΕΛΙΤΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΙΠΠΟΕΙΔΩΝ ΕΝ ΜΕΣΣΗΝΙΑ
Authors: ΠΟΛΥΖΩΗΣ Α.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Article reviews
Authors: Εταιρεία Ελληνική Κτηνιατρική
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΑΣ ΕΠΙΖΩΟΤΙΑΣ ΑΦΘΩΔΟΥΣ ΠΥΡΕΤΟΥ ΕΙΣ TON NOMON ΕΒΡΟΥ ΟΡΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΟΣΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΤΟΥ ΑΠΟΜΟΝΟΘΕΝΤΟΣ ΣΤΕΛΕΧΟΥΣ ΙΟΥ
Authors: ΜΠΡΟΒΑΣ Δ. , ΠΑΠΠΟΥΣ Χ. , ΚΑΡΔΑΣΗΣ Ι.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΣΥΜΒΟΛΗ ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΜΕΛΕΤΗΝ ΤΩΝ ΦΥΣΙΚΩΝ ΑΝΤΙΣΩΜΑΤΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΙΟΥ ΤΗΣ ΛΥΣΣΗΣ
Authors: ERTSEGOVATS D. , ΠΗΜΑ-ΚΩΣΤΟΓΛΟΥ Μ.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΠΕΡΙ ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΙΣΜΟΥ ΤΗΣ ΥΛΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑΣ
Authors: ΔΕΜΕΡΤΖΗΣ Π.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
LYMPH NODE HYPERPLASIA IN A CONGENITALLY DEFORMED BULL INOCULATED AT BIRTH WITH BOVINE LYMPHOSARCOMA MATERIAL
Authors: HATZIOLOS B. C.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΖΩΟΤΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΚΛΑΣΣΙΚΗΣ ΠΑΝΩΛΟΥΣ TΩN XOIPΩN ΕΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΙ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΑ ΕΤΗ 1961 -1968
Authors: ΔΡΑΓΩΝΑΣ Π. Ν. , ΣΤΟΦΟΡΟΣ E. Ν. , ΜΑΣΤΡΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ-ΚΟΡΚΟΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Μ.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΜΥΚΗΤΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΡΕΥΝΑ ΕΠΙ ΤΩΝ ΠΤΗΝΟΤΡΟΦΙΚΩΝ KPEATAΛEYPΩN ΚΑΙ ΙΧΘΥΑΛΕΥΡΩΝ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΑ ΕΤΗ 1966 - 1 9 6 9
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Α.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΠΙ ΜΙΑΣ ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΕΩΣ ΟΞΕΙΑΣ ΜΟΡΦΗΣ ΕΡΥΘΡΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΧΟΙΡΩΝ ΔΙΑΓΝΩΣΘΕΙΣΗΣ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΑΚΩΣ
Authors: ΦΡΑΓΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Α. Γ. , ΣΤΟΦΟΡΟΣ Ε. Ν.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ON THE PRESENCE OF SUBSTANCES ACTING AS ESTROGENS IN ALFAALFA GROWN IN GREECE
Authors: ΔΕΜΕΡΤΖΗΣ Π. Χ.
Published: March 2019

Experiments were done to determine the estrogen content of samples of Lucerne (Medicago sativa) grown in different areas of Greece. Oestrogens, if present, were below the limits of detection of the biological method used. It is suggested that this subject warrants farther investigation.
STUDY OF SOME HEMATOLOGICAL VALUES IN HORSES
Authors: ΣΚΟΥΝΤΖΟΣ Κ. , ΠΑΠΑΔΙΑ Α. , ΚΑΤΣΙΓΙΑΝΝΗ Σ. , ΒΛΑΙΚΙΔΗΣ Ν. , ΠΡΩΤΟΠΑΠΠΑΣ Θ. , ΡΑΝΤΣΙΟΣ Α.
Published: March 2019

Hematological examinations in 149 clinically healthy horses were made in exploring latent anemias. The values produced may be of use in evaluating hematological findings when following the techniques cited.
ENZOOHC ON A RABBIT STOCK - FARM CAUSED BY BORDETELLA BRONCHISEPTICA
Authors: ΒΟΓΙΑΖΑΣ Δ.
Published: March 2019

On a rabbit stock-farm an illness broke out, which caused the death of 36 animals in a very short time. In necropsy all had lesions of pneumonia. From the lungs of the dead animals Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated. The progress of the enzootic was stopped by administering Penicilline or Streptomycine injections during 3 days and Oxytetracycline in the feed during 6 days.
PRESENCE FREQUENCY OF ANTIBIOTICS IN THE MILK IN THE REGION OF ATTICA
Authors: Ε.ΑΝΥΦΑΝΤΑΚΗΣ Β.ΒΕΙΝΟΓΛΟΥ
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
STUDY ON THE EXTENSION OF SUBCLINICAL AND CHRONIC CLINICAL STAPHYLOCOCCICAL MASTITIS OF SHEEP AND GOATS IN THE ATTICA DISTRICT (First observations in Greece)
Authors: ΡΩΣΣΗΣ Θ.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
CONTRIBUTION TO THE IMPROVMENT OF CONDENSED MILK PRODUCED IN GREECE
Authors: ΣΚΟΥΝΤΖΟΣ Κ. , ΠΑΠΑΔΙΑ Α. , ΓΙΩΤΗΣ Α. , Souyioultzoglou Irakleitos
Published: March 2019

In this study the canned, unsweetened, condensed milk produced in Greece was examined. The causes of alteration of this product were investigated in the Laboratory. These causes were : the mediocre quality of the milk used, the lack of pre—cooling rooms, the utilization of common vehicles for transport, the imperfect homogenization, the storage of condensed milk untili the canning at 55° C, the impropre arrangement of cans in the autoclave, the sterilization at low temperature for a short time and the quality of the water used to cool the cans. By applying several sanitary and other measures a product of satisfactory quality has been obtained and this was to the profit of producers as well as of the National Economy.
BALANTIDIUM IN BOVINE RESPIRATORY TRACT
Authors: HATZIOLOS B. C.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
SOME ASPECTS CONCERNING THE UTILIZATION OF DIETARY NITROGEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MICROBIAL PROTEIN IN THE RUMEN
Authors: ΒΛΑΣΤΑΡΑΚΟΣ Π.
Published: March 2019

A brief review on rumen microbiology is given. Dietary nitrogen given either as organic or inorganic form produces mainly ammonia in the rumen. Ruminai incorporation of ammonia into microbial protein allows for the production of high value protein. Microbial metabolism in the ruminants requires that the ruminants absorb a nutrient mixture, containing an excess of energy relative to protein. The continual presence of uria in the saliva keeps rumen ammonia at normal level and allows for the continual microbial proliferation for a long time after feeding.
SYSTEMIC ASPERGILLOSIS IN A CALF
Authors: HATZIOLOS B. C.
Published: March 2019

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF FAT SEPARATION IN THE EVAPORATED CANNED MILK
Authors: ΣΚΟΥΝΤΖΟΣ Κ. , ΠΑΠΑΔΙΑ Α. , ΑΣΙΚΗΣ Ι. , ΜΟΥΤΟΥΣΙΔΗΣ Γ.
Published: March 2019

The authors examined the fat content of different layers of evaporated, unsweetened milk, its viscosity and the size of the contained fat droplets during predetermined time - intervals and under fixed thermal conditions. On the basis of their findings they propose various measures of improving the types of condensed, unsweetened canned milk produced in Greece.
RAPID FATTENING OF WEANED LAMBS
Authors: ΚΑΛΑΪΣΑΚΗΣ Π. , ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Γ.
Published: March 2019

In a series of experiments, conducted at the Agricultural College of Athens with crossbred lambs (Friessian X local Attica breed) aged 2 to 3 days, were studied the requirements in energy and digestible protein for the production of lambs slaughtered at 30 to 32 Kg live weight and having carcass quality similar to that of heavy weight milkfed lambs. It was found that this can be achieved with 30 days of feeding with milk substitute and a total intake of 50.000 starch units, 5 : 1 ratio of starch units to digestible protein until 11 weeks of age and 6 : 1 subsequently until the end of fattening period (15 weeks). A linear relationship was found to exist 1) between 10 week live weight and starch units or dry matter intake, 2) between 15 week live weight and starch units or dry matter intake and 3) between 10 and 15 week live weight. These relationships provide the ways to be followed for further study on the subject.
Quasi-periodic oscillations of small-scale magnetic structures and a specific method for measuring the differential rotation of the Sun
Authors: Живанович Иван , Zhivanovich Ivan , Риехокайнен Александр , Riehokainen Alexandr , Соловьев Александр , Solov'ev Aleksandr , Ефремов Вячеслав , Efremov Vyacheslav
Published: March 2019

The SDO/HMI data with an angular resolution of 1 arcsec have been used to explore the differential rotation on the Sun, using an original “p2p” effect on the basis of the movement of small-scale magnetic structures in the photosphere of the Sun. It is shown that a stable p2p artifact inherent in the SDO/HMI data can be an effective tool for measuring the speed of various tracers on the Sun. In particular, in combination with the Fourier analysis, it allows us to investigate the differential rotation of the Sun at various latitudes. The differential rotation curve obtained from the SDO/HMI magnetograms by this method is in good agreement with the curves obtained earlier from ground-based observations.
Statistical relationships between variations of the geomagnetic field, auroral electrojet, and geomagnetically induced currents
Authors: Воробьев Андрей , Vorobev Andrey , Пилипенко Вячеслав , Pilipenko Vyacheslav , Сахаров Ярослав , Sakharov Yaroslav , Селиванов Василий , Selivanov Vasiliy
Published: March 2019

Using observations from the IMAGE magnetic observatories and the station for recording geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in the electric transmission line in 2015, we examine relationships between geomagnetic field and GIC variations. The GIC intensity is highly correlated (R>0.7) with the field variability |dB/dt| and closely correlated with variations in the time derivatives of X and Y components. Daily variations in the mean geomagnetic field variability |dB/dt| and GIC intensity have a wide night maximum, associated with the electrojet, and a wide morning maximum, presumably caused by intense Pc5–Pi3 geomagnetic pulsations. We have constructed a regression linear model to estimate GIC from the time derivative of the geomagnetic field and AE index. Statistical distributions of the probability density of the AE index, geomagnetic field derivative, and GIC correspond to the log-normal law. The constructed distributions are used to evaluate the probabilities of extreme values of GIC and |dB/dt|.
Early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms based on observations of space monitoring systems
Authors: Гетманов Виктор , Getmanov Viktor , Гвишиани Алексей , Gvishiani Aleksey , Перегудов Дмитрий , Peregudov Dmitriy , Яшин Игорь , Yashin Igor , Соловьёв Анатолий , Soloviev Anatoliy , Добровольский Михаил , Dobrovolskiy Mikhail , Сидоров Роман , Sidorov Roman
Published: March 2019

We address the problem of early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms based on the use of models of coordinates of movements of centers of solar coronal mass ejections (CME) and observations of their angular positions obtained from space monitoring systems. We propose a method for early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms, introduce a function to predict the distance between Earth and CME centers, and establish a decision-making procedure. We give an example of calculating the distance prediction function and implement the diagnostic decision-making procedure based on coordinate models and model observations of angular positions of CME centers. We determine the efficiency of the decision-making procedure for the algorithm for early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms.
Observing magnetospheric waves propagating in the direction of electron drift with Ekaterinburg Decameter Coherent Radar
Authors: Челпанов Максим , Chelpanov Maksim , Магер Павел , Mager Pavel , Климушкин Дмитрий , Klimushkin Dmitriy , Магер Ольга , Mager Olga
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with Pc5 magnetospheric pulsations featuring positive azimuthal wave numbers registered with the mid-latitude coherent decameter radar located near Ekaterinburg (EKB). The azimuthal wave numbers are determined using adjacent high time resolution beams directed toward the magnetic pole. Approximately 13 % of all steady waves registered with the radar propagate eastward. We have examined ten cases of wave observations with both small and high positive wave numbers, which occurred between April 2014 and March 2015. We performed a wavelet analysis of the data sets, estimated wavelength in radial direction for four cases, and determined meridional phase propagation direction. In three cases, the results are consistent with field line resonance behavior. However, in the majority of the studied events wave frequencies are considerably lower than those of field line resonance, which were derived from satellite data on magnetic field and particle density. These waves may be classed with the drift-compressional mode.
Method for calculating torsional oscillations in Earth’s atmosphere from NCEP/NCAR, MERRA-2, ECMWF ERA-40, and ERA-Interim
Authors: Зоркальцева Ольга , Zorkaltseva Olga , Мордвинов Владимир , Mordvinov Vladimir , Девятова Елена , Devyatova Elena , Домбровская Наталья , Dombrovskaya Natalya
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we describe a method for calculating low-frequency zonal-mean zonal wind variations, which we call torsional oscillations. We compare the torsional oscillations calculated from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis I, MERRA-2, ECWMF ERA-40, and ERA-Interim projects, using different methods of processing the original data. We estimate the degree of consistency of torsional oscillations, obtained from different reanalysis projects, and discuss the use of torsional oscillations to study circulation processes in the atmosphere.
APLICAÇÃO DA ESCALA TEMPORO-ESPACIAL FINA EM ESTUDO DE INUNDAÇÕES URBANAS: PAINÉIS PARA CURITIBA-PR, BRASIL
Authors: Mendonça Francisco De Assis , Buffon Elaiz Aparecida Mensch
Published: March 2019

Os eventos climáticos extremos associados às chuvas e inundações estão no centro da analise desenvolvida no presente texto. A variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação, associada à configuração de dois eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos/inundações na Cidade de Curitiba-PR, constitui dois estudos de caso utilizados como exemplo. Os episódios selecionados são decorrentes da atuação da MTa (Verão) e outro da FF (Outono). Utilizou-se de dados de no mínimo 40 pluviômetros automáticos e de dados climáticos gerais registrados em estações automáticas na escala horária. Os dados foram fornecidos pelo Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN) e pelo Instituto Tecnológico SIMEPAR (Sistema Meteorológico do Paraná). A metodologia empregada apoia-se na estatística e no sistema de informação geográfica para representação espaço-temporal, com destaque para a criação de painéis. Os resultados, para Curitiba e seu aglomerado, demonstram que: 1) as inundações são decorrentes de eventos extremos de chuva, que ocorrem em curto intervalo de tempo (horas) e são localizados espacialmente em decorrência da dinâmica climática; 2) os eventos extremos de chuva, decorrentes da atuação da FF, avançam do sul para o centro-oeste e centro-leste da área, enquanto que a atuação da MTa configura um avanço de leste para norte, que se desloca para o oeste e sudoeste. A configuração espaço-temporal da precipitação pluvial em episódios de inundações evidencia a importância do emprego da analise em escala fina (horária e minutos) com uma densa distribuição de estações.
ESTUDO DAS VAZÕES E ESTIMATIVAS DE INUNDAÇÕES NO BAIXO-AÇU-RN
Authors: Medeiros Marysol Dantas de , Zanella Maria Elisa
Published: March 2019

O Nordeste brasileiro é associado a episódios de secas, entretanto é muito comum esta região ser acometida por eventos hidrometeóricos extremos com vários dias consecutivos de chuvas que resultam em inundações, não se restringindo apenas ao litoral, podendo ser até mesmo corriqueiros na região semiárida, dependendo das condições meteorológicas em determinado período. No estado do Rio Grande do Norte a principal causa para o acometimento de tais episódios de inundações foi derivado de fenômenos hidrometeóricos extremos, sobretudo a montante do Rio Piranhas-Açu. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a modelagem hidrológica para diferentes períodos de retorno (5, 10, 50 e 100 anos) para se estimar as cotas de inundação na região do Baixo-Açu a partir do estudo das vazões do rio Piranhas-Açu. A modelagem foi elaborada a partir do levantamento de dados secundários junto ao Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas (DNOCS, 2012) e simulação hidrológica, utilizando o software HEC-versão 3.5. A modelagem mostrou que, até mesmo as cheias resultantes de vazões para períodos de retorno de baixo tempo de recorrência (5 e 10 anos), inundam grandes parcelas de áreas..
ÍNDICES TÉRMICOS PARA A IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ONDAS DE CALOR APLICADOS AO ESTADO DO PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Ely Deise Fabiana , Kogima Karitha Campos
Published: March 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi produzir uma análise da variabilidade das temperaturas máximas anuais no estado do Paraná no período de 1976 a 2015 para identificar a ocorrência de períodos de extremos de calor. Para tanto foram aplicados dois diferentes índices: 1) primavera – verão (P-V) e 2) índice diário (ID). O índice P-V permite detectar somente os eventos mais extremos e, no Paraná, foi verificado que estes ocorrem com maior frequência nos meses de novembro a fevereiro. O índice ID identifica os eventos de aquecimento anômalo que ocorrem durante todo o ano e foi constatado que os maiores registros ocorrem nas estações de outono e inverno. Por meio da análise de tais índices foi possível identificar que as estações localizadas na região norte e oeste do estado, principalmente aquelas localizadas ao norte do trópico de Capricórnio, apresentaram ondas de calor mais significativas, de maior duração e com temperaturas mais elevadas. Por outro lado, as estações situadas no centro-sul registraram ondas de calor com menor intensidade e duração. Em virtude do fato das ondas de calor serem caracterizadas de formas diferentes pelos métodos aplicados, destaca-se que os resultados são dependentes do índice utilizado, sendo assim, a seleção do critério para determinar as ondas de calor depende do propósito do estudo.
O AVANÇO CIENTÍFICO SE DÁ AO ACASO? O conhecimento da atmosfera no contexto histórico
Authors: Nunes Lucí Hidalgo
Published: March 2019

Por meio de exemplos, procurou-se demonstrar que para a compreensão da evolução dos conhecimentos nas ciências atmosférica é de suma importância considerar não apenas os mecanismos físicos, mas também o contexto histórico no qual certo conhecimento foi alcançado. Isso se justifica pelo fato de que os avanços da ciência refletem o momento histórico e, assim, os valores políticos, econômicos, sociais e culturais, bem como as necessidades da humanidade de um dado momento. Os primeiros conhecimentos do comportamento da atmosfera se deram no campo da agricultura e tiveram base empírica; todavia, a especulação dominou os conhecimentos atmosféricos por longo tempo. Em outros momentos, a observação, a experimentação e a teoria direcionaram os avanços na área. Sendo um conhecimento estratégico, a compreensão dos processos atmosféricos se associou de forma intrínseca a diversos eventos cruciais da História, como as grandes navegações na Idade Moderna e as guerras: a teoria das frentes, por exemplo, foi desenvolvida durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, sendo seu nome uma analogia às frentes de batalha. Atualmente os estudos adquirem uma natureza mais integrada, mas são ainda dominados por interesses políticos e mesmo geopolíticos.
O CAMPO TÉRMICO EM ÁREA URBANA NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA: ANÁLISE EPISÓDICA NA CIDADE DE TEFÉ-AM
Authors: Aleixo Natacha Cíntia Regina , Neto João Cândido André da Silva
Published: March 2019

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o campo térmico e as ilhas de calor em uma cidade de clima equatorial na Amazônica brasileira. O recorte espacial foi a cidade de Tefé, localizada na região do Médio Solimões no interior do estado do Amazonas. Foram realizados transectos móveis em dias representativos do mês de outubro que se insere no período sazonal menos chuvoso denominado de verão amazônico, para coleta dos dados da temperatura do ar em 37 pontos na cidade de Tefé. Os dados foram tabulados e interpolados pelo método IDW no software QGIS. Posteriormente, geraram-se as cartas da temperatura da superfície e o NDVI para análise da estrutura térmica e da densidade de vegetação na área. As diferenças térmicas entre os pontos variaram em até 4,6°C, sendo que na área central da cidade, com ocupação mais antiga, densidade construtiva e arborização urbana esparsa, configurou-se a ilha de calor de forte magnitude. As temperaturas da superfície variaram de 25°C a 30°C e também indicaram a concentração do aquecimento na parte central, derivada da ampla cobertura de materiais construtivos inapropriados para o clima equatorial. Além disso, constatou-se que a alta densidade de vegetação arbórea associou-se a configuração da ilha de frescor. Conclui-se que os estudos de clima urbano devem ser articulados ao planejamento e (re) produção do espaço urbano, uma vez que mesmo localizada em meio a Amazônia profunda a produção social do clima urbano de forma desigual pode potencializar problemas relacionados ao desconforto térmico e a saúde de parte da população.
RITMO CLIMÁTICO E CONFORTO TÉRMICO NA CIDADE DE PALMAS (TO) EM ANOS-PADRÃO SELECIONADOS
Authors: Silva Liliane Flávia Guimarães da , Souza Lucas Barbosa e
Published: March 2019

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender os aspectos climáticos e o conforto térmico na cidade de Palmas (TO), a partir de abordagem genética e dinâmica do clima em anos-padrão selecionados, em conjunção com índices de conforto térmico. Foram selecionados os anos de 1997 e 2013, anos-padrão confortável e desconfortável para o calor, respectivamente. Em ambos foram identificados três períodos-padrão: o primeiro, chuvoso (verão/início do outono), de ritmo oscilante dos tipos de tempo estáveis e instáveis; o segundo, seco (final do outono/inverno), de maior estabilidade atmosférica; e o último, chuvoso (primavera), que além de maior variabilidade dos elementos climáticos, apresentou os picos de calor extremo no início do período. Em relação ao ano de 1997, o ano de 2013 apresentou: temperaturas e índices mais elevados; menor precipitação e ventilação; maior número de episódios de calor excessivo; período seco mais extenso; maiores frequências de desconforto, principalmente no período noturno, fenômeno comum nas ilhas de calor. Essa configuração foi causada possivelmente pelo aumento da urbanização na cidade no ano de 2013 em relação a 1997.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL DA PRECIPITAÇÃO NA COSTA VERDE FLUMINENSE - 2001 A 2016
Authors: Farias Heitor Soares , Alves Gabriela Fernandes  Santos
Published: March 2019

A região da Costa Verde, localizada no sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro, nas últimas décadas tem ganhado destaque pelas tragédias ocorridas em consequência de episódios de chuva intensa, como nos anos de 2002, 2009/2010 e 2013. O relevo da Serra do Mar, muito próximo ao litoral, se contrapõe especialmente ao deslocamento dos sistemas frontais, contribuindo para a elevada precipitação nesta região. Por outro lado, investimentos econômicos ocorridos em infraestrutura rodoviária e portuária e o reaquecimento da indústria naval, em diferentes momentos levaram muitos migrantes à região, estabelecendo-se nas poucas áreas planas, e por vezes ocupando as encostas íngremes, principalmente em Angra dos Reis, uma das cidades de maior densidade demográfica da Costa Verde fluminense. Desta maneira, utilizando dados diários de pluviosidade de 12 (doze) estações meteorológicas presentes em municípios da Costa Verde e vizinhos no estado de São Paulo, foram construídas tabelas e mapas para compreender a distribuição espacial e temporal da precipitação na área. Os resultados mostraram que em Angra dos Reis são registradas as maiores concentrações de chuva, principalmente nas estações Bracuhy e Mambucaba, onde a população tem sido afetada por inundações e movimentos de massa com perdas materiais e de vidas..
Predicting and preventing TB breakdowns
Authors: Sibley R J
Published: March 2019

The UK Government has committed to a strategy of Bovine Tuberculosis eradication, with the stated aim of England becoming TB free by 2038. A review of the progress of the programme was conducted in 2018, (published in October 2018) which made specific and relatively radical changes to the current plan, including changes to governance, technical innovation and better farmer engagement in more effective biosecurity for their cattle herds. This personal opinion on the possible changes to the current programme outlines some radical improvements that could be made to the statutory controls, providing a practical and effective way of implementing the recommendations of the Strategy Review and re-engaging the industry in a robust and effective TB control and eradication strategy.
CattleReview
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

This addition of Cattle Review considers papers on the effect of antibiotics in milk replacer, dietary cation-anion difference and the voluntary bovine viral diarrhoea control programme in the Netherlands.
Strategic planning for parasite control on livestock farms
Authors: Forbes Andrew
Published: March 2019

There are several approaches to the control of parasites in sheep and cattle, ranging from therapeutic, when actions are only taken when clinical disease is observed, to strategic, when steps are taken to anticipate and mitigate the risk of disease and production losses. Strategic programmes generally result in high levels of animal welfare through the avoidance of clinical disease and superior animal performance by reducing exposure to pathogens. Implementation of strategic actions requires forward planning and may not be straightforward in some systems, for example, all-year-round calving dairy herds. The main tools for strategic control are pasture management, nutrition, vaccination and medication; general principles and examples are provided in this article.