bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daily and seasonal patterns of CO2 fluxes and evapotranspiration in maize-grass intercropping
Authors: Machado Cássia B. , Lima José R. de S. , Antonino Antonio C. D. , Souza Eduardo S. de , Souza Rodolfo M. S. , Alves Edevaldo M.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Studies that investigate the relationships between CO2 fluxes and evapotranspiration (ET) are important for predicting how agricultural ecosystems will respond to climate changes. However, none was made on the maize-grass intercropping system in Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the ET and CO2 fluxes in a signal grass pasture intercropped with maize, in São João, Pernambuco, Brazil, in a drought year. Furthermore, the soil water storage (SWS) and leaf area index (LAI) were determined. The latent heat flux was the main consumer of the available energy and the daily and seasonal ET and CO2 variations were mainly controlled by rainfall, through the changes in soil water content and consequently in SWS. The agroecosystem acted as an atmospheric carbon source, during drier periods and lower LAI, and as an atmospheric carbon sink, during wetter periods and higher LAI values. In a dry year, the intercropping sequestered 2.9 t C ha-1, which was equivalent to 8.0 kg C ha-1 d-1. This study showed strong seasonal fluctuations in maize-grass intercropping CO2 fluxes, due to seasonality of rainfall, and that this agroecosystem is vulnerable to low SWS, with significant reduction in CO2 uptake during these periods.
Development and water requirements of cowpea under climate change conditions in the Brazilian semi-arid region
Authors: Cavalcante Junior Edmilson G. , Medeiros José F. de , Espínola Sobrinho José , Figueirêdo Vladimir B. , Costa João P. N. da , Santos Wesley de O.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the impacts that climate change may cause on the development and evapotranspiration of cowpea, in semi-arid climate region of Northeast Brazil. The study was conducted in the municipalities of Apodi, Ipanguaçu and Mossoró, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. In order to evaluate the influence of climate change on crop water consumption, changes in air temperature and relative humidity were simulated using the PRECIS climate model. Two scenarios of emissions were evaluated based on the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: a pessimistic named A2 and an optimistic B2. The duration of the crop cycle showed an average reduction of 14 and 23 days for the optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, respectively. Temperatures will be well above the limit tolerated by crop, which could have a negative impact on its development and yield. There will be a decrease in total evapotranspiration of 4.8%, considering the optimistic scenario, and 8.7% in the pessimistic scenario.
Hemispherical photography to estimate biophysical variables of cotton
Authors: Brandão Ziany N. , Zonta João H.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a key parameter to evaluate the vegetation spectral response, estimating plant nutrition and water requirements. However, in large fields is difficult to obtain accurate data to LAI determination. Therefore, the objective of this study was the estimation of LAI, biomass and yield of irrigated cotton through digital hemispherical photography. The treatments consisted of four nitrogen doses (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg ha-1) and four phosphorus doses (0, 120, 240 and 360 kg ha-1). Digital hemispherical photographs were collected under similar sky brightness conditions at 60 and 75 days after emergence (DAE), performed by the Digital Plant Canopy Imager - CI-110® of CID Inc. Biomass and LAI measurements were made on the same dates. LAI was also determined by destructive and non-destructive methods through a leaf area integrator (LI-COR® -LI-3100C model), and by measurements based on the midrib length of all leaves, respectively. The results indicate that the hemispherical images were appropriate to estimate the LAI and biomass production of irrigated cotton, while for the estimation of yield, more research is needed to improve the method.
Mini tomato production in organic system under greenhouse with partial control of meteorological elements
Authors: Araujo Haroldo F. de , Leal Paulo A. M. , Zorzeto Thais Q. , Nunes Eduardo F. , Betin Pâmela S.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the meteorological elements of the environments and the production components of mini tomato crop in organic system in different forms of cultivation, biofertilizer doses and technological levels of protected environments. The research was conducted in completely randomized design in a 3 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to three greenhouses (A - climatized, B - mobile screen and C - fixed screen), two forms of cultivation (pots and beds) and five doses of a commercial biofertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200% of dose indicated), with five replicates. The treatments affected the analyzed variables, except for biofertilizer doses and interaction of treatments. Air temperature was unchanged among the environments and the mean and minimum relative humidity were within the control range in the climatized greenhouse. The greenhouse with mobile screen showed the best production results for the cultivation in beds and the biofertilizer doses were indifferent for all treatments.
Essential oil production of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) under organic compost containing sewage sludge
Authors: d'Ávila Júlia V. , Martinazzo Ana P. , Santos Fabiana S. dos , Teodoro Carlos E. de S. , Portz Adriano
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT One of the main urban polluting agents are the sewers, which even with proper treatment end up generating a polluting waste, the sewage sludge. One of the options for the disposal of this sludge is the use in agriculture, due to its high content of organic matter and nutrients. This study aimed to use urban sewage sludge for lemongrass cultivation and essential oil production. The plants were grown in soil containing different organic compost doses (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 t ha-1), formed from the sewage sludge composting process and waste of urban vegetation pruning. At harvest, plants were analyzed for the concentration of nutrients, chlorophyll content, number of tillers, biomass production, essential oil content and the microbiological quality of the leaves. The results showed that the addition of the compost increased the levels of nutrients in the plants, mainly nitrogen, positively influencing the production of tillers, biomass, chlorophyll contents, yield and essential oil content.
Yield of sugarcane submitted to nitrogen fertilization and water depths by subsurface drip irrigation
Authors: Cunha Fernando N. , Silva Nelmício F. da , Sousa Antonio E. C. , Teixeira Marconi B. , Soares Frederico A. L. , Vidal Vitor M.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Water is limiting for growth and essential for photosynthesis. Crop yield depends on the available amount of this resource and on the efficiency of its use by the plant. This study aimed to evaluate the vegetative growth and the gross yield of sugar and ethanol from sugarcane along cane-plant and ratoon cane cultivation, under different irrigation depths for water replenishment, with and without nitrogen (N) application by subsurface drip irrigation. The experimental design was randomized blocks, analyzed in a split-plot scheme, with four replicates, in which the plots were represented by the interaction: irrigation depths (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% water replenishment of the field capacity), with and without N fertigation, and subplots were represented by 9 evaluation periods (90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 and 330 days after planting/days after the first cutting for ratoon cane). The gross yields of sugar and alcohol for water replenishments below 93 and 97%, respectively, are higher in sugarcane of first year than in sugarcane of second year. Fertigation provided greater vegetative growth of ratoon cane.
Analysis of resistance to fatigue between straight solid and anatomic abutments of Morse taper system
Authors: GOIS-SANTOS Vanessa Tavares de , TRENTO Cleverson Luciano , SANTOS Silvando Vieira dos , SANTOS Renan Celestino Silva , SANTOS Victor Santana , GRIZA Sandro
Published: September 2016

Abstract Background The study of the phenomenon of fatigue is essential because implant failures usually are caused by this process. Purpose The objective of this study was to examine the fatigue resistance of straight and anatomical abutments joints that were submitted to cyclic loads. Material and method We used 37 Morse taper implants and 37 abutments, divided into two groups (n= 16: straight abutment, n= 21 anatomical abutment). The sets were submitted to cyclic loading (5 million) using servo-hydraulic equipment. Three sets from each group were subjected to bending tests to determine the maximum load resistance, which served as the parameter for comparison of the cyclic tests. We evaluated number of cycles, load and bending moment. Result Of the 31 abutments cyclically tested, 17 (54.8%) fractured in fewer than 5 million cycles; 8 (25.8%) of these were straight abutments, and 9 (29%) were anatomical. A total of 14 samples (45.2%) resisted the cyclic loading. According to Fisher's exact test, there was no difference between groups as the fracture. Conclusion Despite of the straight abutments have higher average load and bending moment on the anatomical, both types of abutments showed similar performance as the fracture strength in vitro.
Characterization and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from feces of healthy broiler chickens
Authors: Stella Ariel Eurides , Oliveira Maria Cristina De , Fontana Vera Lúcia Dias da Silva , Maluta Renato Paris , Borges Clarissa Araújo , Ávila Fernando Antônio de
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains are isolated from lesions of poultry presenting colibacillosis, which is a disease that causes either systemic or localized clinical signs. Such strains share many characteristics with E. coli strains that cause extra-intestinal illness in humans. There is not a consensus on how to define the APEC pathotype with regard to the presence of virulence traits. On the other hand, in the past few years, five minimal predictors for APEC detection were proposed. The E. coli isolates in this work were tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to the five proposed minimal predictors and cva C. The strains presenting them were categorized as potential APEC. The APEC and non-APEC categories showed high resistance (> 50%) to cephalotin, erythromycin, streptomycin, sulphametoxazol/trimethoprim, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Potential APEC strains were significantly more resistant to cephalotin (p < 0.05) and neomcycin (p < 0.01) than non-APEC. These latter were significantly more resistant to tetracycline (p < 0.01) than the potential APEC strains. These results demonstrate that feces of poultry present E. coli strains with resistant features, showing or not the potential of causing colibacillosis in poultry. Because APEC and extra-intestinal illness in humans may be similar, these resistant strains are of interest to public health.
Falls among the non-institutionalized elderly in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Carneiro Jair Almeida , Ramos Gizele Carmen Fagundes , Barbosa Ana Teresa Fernandes , Vieira Élen Débora Souza , Silva Jéssica Santos Rocha , Caldeira Antônio Prates
Published: September 2016

Abstract Objective: To identify the prevalence of falls and associated factors in non-institutionalized elderly persons. Methods: A cross-sectional study featuring a population-based sample of non-institutionalized elderly persons in a city in the north of Minas Gerais was performed. Interviews were conducted in households by trained staff using validated instruments. We investigated the associations between falls and demographic, socioeconomic and health-related factors. After bivariate analysis, the variables associated with falls to a level of 20% were analyzed together using logistic regression, assuming at this stage a significance level of 5%. Results: The studied population was predominantly female, married and with a low educational level. The prevalence of falls was 28.4%. The factors that were associated with falls were: female gender (OR=1.67; 95% CI:1.13 to 2.47); negative self-evaluation of health (OR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.20); impaired functional mobility (Timed Up and Go test >20 seconds) (OR=1.66; 95CI: 1.02-2.74); the occurrence of hospitalization in the previous 12 months (OR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.84); and frailty measured by the Edmonton Frail Scale (OR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.64). Conclusions: The prevalence of falls was high for the population studied and was related to the individual health conditions of the elderly.
Analysis of total calorie, calcium and protein intake and relationship with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
Authors: Oselame Cristiane da Silva , Matos Oslei de , Oselame Gleidson Brandão , Neves Eduardo Borba
Published: September 2016

Abstract Introduction: the adequate intake of nutrients involved in bone metabolism can prevent and even reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Objective: verify the intake of total calories, protein and calcium in women diagnosed with osteopenia and osteoporosis after menopause. Method: a study of 25 women diagnosed with osteopenia (n=17) or osteoporosis (n=8) in the postmenopausal period, who were members of the Prática de Exercícios Físicos na Osteoporose (Practice of Physical Exercise Against Osteoporosis) (PEFO) study group of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (the Federal Technology University of Paraná) (UTFPR). The study was divided into two data collection phases: assessment of body composition and bone mineral density by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and the recording of food consumption over the previous 72 hours by means of a structured interview. Results: there was a difference between the reference values and the average values found for caloric, protein and calcium intake. There were higher values for protein, while calcium intake was low. The osteoporosis group (mean 59.24+80.07, p<0.05) ingested significantly more protein than the osteopenia group (mean 15.14+16.53, p<0.05). The results showed a significant negative correlation between protein intake and hip BMD (r=-0.416, p<0.05). Conclusion: adequate intake of protein should be recognized as a protective factor for osteoporosis and considered by nutritionists, as well as being widely featured in public health campaigns.
Factors associated with the frequency of polypathology among elderly persons receiving care at a referral center in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais
Authors: Souza Thaynara Rocha de , Vieira Maria Aparecida , Costa Fernanda Marques da , Lima Cássio de Almeida
Published: September 2016

Abstract Objective: To investigate polypathology among elderly persons treated at a referral center in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methodology: An analytical documentary study with a cross-sectional quantitative approach was performed. The records of referral and care of 668 elderly persons who were treated at the referral center were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression. Results: 278 medical records were analyzed. Polypathology was the main reason for seeking care in 114 (41.0%) cases. There was a statistically significant association between the characteristics of being male and less educated and polypathology. In multivariate analysis, polypathology was higher among men and lower among elderly persons with a high school or higher education. Conclusion: The findings identify a situation with a predominance of polypathology among the elderly. This is at a worrying level among elderly men and less educated older persons, and should be addressed carefully by health professionals, in the search for more specific and appropriate care.
Analysis of the functional capacity of elderly residents of communities with a rapid population aging rate
Authors: Berlezi Evelise Moraes , Farias Ana Maria , Dallazen Fernanda , Oliveira Karla Renata , Pillatt Ana Paula , Fortes Camila Korte
Published: September 2016

Abstract Introduction: The elderly population has risen sharply in Brazil, increasing the need for a health policy focused on health promotion and disease prevention. Attention should also be focused on functional capacity because of the personal and family suffering caused by dependency, as well as the increased demand placed on public services. Objective: To check the health and functional capacity of elderly residents in a small town with a high population aging rate. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical and non-probabilistic study was performed of 528 elderly persons aged ≥60 years, of both genders, who were evaluated in their home environment. The variables of interest were general health and functional capacity, assessed by the adapted Katz and Lawton and Brody scales. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and analytical statistical tools. To assess the association between variables the chi-squared test was used, accepting the hypothesis of dependency of variables with p=0.05. Results: The mean age was 72.24±9.33 years. Functional capacity assessment identified that most of the elderly persons carried out activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) independently; with percentages of 90% and 83.7%, respectively. A statistically significant association was observed (p=0.001) between reports of falls and functional capacity levels. Conclusion: The results show that the elderly of this municipality are mostly independent in performing their daily tasks, representing successful aging.
A antropologia e o processo de cidadanização da homossexualidade no Brasil
Authors: Carrara Sérgio
Published: September 2016

Resumo Com o intuito de contribuir para a reflexão mais geral sobre as articulações entre ciência e política, discuto neste artigo como, na prática, se constrói o conhecimento dos antropólogos que, em contínuo trânsito pelas fluidas fronteiras entre o ativismo LGBT e a reflexão acadêmica, tornaram-se atores importantes no processo de cidadanização da homossexualidade no Brasil. Tomo como referência dois contextos históricos distintos. O primeiro deles situa-se entre finais dos anos 1970 e meados dos anos 1980, quando o movimento começa a se organizar no Brasil. O segundo, no qual se desenvolve minha própria experiência de pesquisa, corresponde, grosso modo, à primeira década dos anos 2000.
“Can migrants act?”. Presenza, organizzazione, visibilità in un orizzonte precario
Authors: Furri Filippo
Published: September 2016

Riassunto L'articolo prende spunto dalla vicenda della jungle di Calais per interrogare i margini e le condizioni di un agire migrante nell'orizzonte europeo. Riferendosi al celebre articolo di Spivak “Can Subaltern Speak”, il contributo vuole considerare il processo di neutralizzazione (giuridica e esistenziale) che investe il migrante nelle sue varie fasi e situazioni di accesso alla società di “accoglienza”, e il suo impatto sulla soggettività migrante, prima di illustrare alcune declinazioni di un agency che cerca di smarcarsi rispetto al dispositivo in essere.
Asociaciones de inmigrantes en la encrucijada. Acción transnacional y riesgos de cooptación
Authors: Lacomba Joan
Published: September 2016

Resumen En este artículo tratamos de contribuir al debate en torno al papel de las asociaciones de inmigrantes en las sociedades de origen y destino, así como puente entre las mismas. El creciente número y potencial de las asociaciones ha puesto de relieve su contribución al desarrollo y a la dinamización de las sociedades civiles de uno y otro lado. Sin embargo, este proceso no está exento de limitaciones y dinámicas que pueden entrar en contradicción con el papel fundacional de las mismas asociaciones. La interacción con las instituciones de los países de origen de origen y destino, y el acceso a programas y fondos públicos estatales, habría generado un escenario en el que las asociaciones han experimentado cambios organizativos y en su relación con el poder que han sido objeto de crítica.
Vínculos transfronterizos: vida, movilidad y comercio en el barrio boliviano de Iquique, Chile
Authors: Tapia Ladino Marcela , Chacón Onetto Fernanda
Published: September 2016

Resumen El estudio del Barrio Boliviano de Iquique permite captar los vínculos laborales e interacciones económicas que dan lugar a prácticas sociales fronterizas y que se expresan en movilidades en el territorio que no siempre implican el establecimiento o sedentarización en el lugar de destino. De modo que el barrio se convierte en un dispositivo comercial fronterizo y en parte de un territorio circulatorio donde las brechas de desarrollo, las diferencias salariales y el efecto llamada del mercado de trabajo explican la circulación de personas por motivos comerciales y laborales más allá de los litigios diplomáticos entre Bolivia y Chile.
Molecular identification of Atlantic goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822) (Perciformes: Epinephelidae) and related commercial species applying multiplex PCR
Authors: Damasceno Júnio S. , Siccha-Ramirez Raquel , Oliveira Claudio , Mendonça Fernando F. , Lima Arthur C. , Machado Leonardo F. , Tosta Vander C. , Farro Ana Paula C. , Hostim-Silva Maurício
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The Atlantic goliath grouper, Epinephelus itajara , is a critically endangered species, threatened by illegal fishing and the destruction of its habitats. A number of other closely related grouper species found in the western Atlantic are also fished intensively. While some countries apply rigorous legislation, illegal harvesting followed by the falsification of fish products, which impedes the correct identification of the species, is a common practice, allowing the catch to be marketed as a different grouper species. In this case, molecular techniques represent an important tool for the monitoring and regulation of fishery practices, and are essential for the forensic identification of a number of different species. In the present study, species-specific primers were developed for the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I gene, which were applied in a multiplex PCR for the simultaneous identification of nine different species of Epinephelidae: Epinephelus itajara , E. quinquefasciatus , E. morio , Hyporthodus flavolimbatus , H. niveatus , Mycteroperca acutirostris , M. bonaci , M. marginata , and M. microlepis . Multiplex PCR is a rapid, reliable and cost-effective procedure for the identification of commercially-valuable endangered fish species, and may represent a valuable tool for the regulation and sustainable management of fishery resources.
Diet and ecomorphological relationships of four cichlid species from the Cuiabá River basin
Authors: Novakowski Gisele C. , Cassemiro Fernanda A. S. , Hahn Norma S.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Relationship between diet and morphology of cichlid were analyzed considering that the trophic apparatus determines differential food use among species. Cichlasoma dimerus and Satanoperca pappaterra showed a generalist diet, while Chaetobranchopsis australis and Crenicichla vittata consumed zooplankton and fish, respectively. Significant correlation between morphology and diet was not found, but C. australis differed from the others species in the upper mouth and longer gill rakers. The morphology data and food size segregated the cichlids into three groups. The first was comprised by C. australis, which has many and longer gill rakers and a more protractile mouth, the second by C. vittata, which have a larger and more-protruded mouth and the third by S. pappaterra and C. dimerus, with a smaller and lower mouth. The latter two groups have more widely spaced gill rakers and consumed larger food. Overall, our results showed different patterns of species grouping when considering morphological or diet data. However, to C. australis the gill rakers determine both the type and size of food.
Cartas ao Imperador: os pedidos de perdão de réus escravos e a decisão de 17 de outubro de 1872
Authors: Pirola Ricardo Figueiredo
Published: September 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a decisão do Imperador Dom Pedro II datada de 17 de outubro de 1872 de alforriar réus escravos que viessem a ser perdoados de uma sentença perpétua. Isto é, com essa decisão, os escravos que fossem contemplados com o perdão da pena de prisão ou de galés perpétuas não mais seriam obrigados a retornar ao domínio de seus antigos senhores, ficando plenamente livres. Mesmo não sendo desconhecida da bibliografia especializada, essa decisão de 1872 ainda tem sido pouco explorada. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar tanto os debates que antecederam a resolução do monarca, ocorridos no Ministério da Justiça e seção Justiça do Conselho de Estado, como ainda investigar o perfil dos réus libertados, a frequência com que tais decisões ocorriam e seu impacto no processo emancipacionista. Também interessa analisar a relação da decisão de 17 de outubro de 1872 com a intensificação do envio de cartas de perdão de réus escravos ao Imperador nos anos subsequentes.
Osmotic and heat treatments on control of fungi associated with seeds of Eugenia brasiliensis and E. pyriformis (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Françoso Cibelle Ferreira , Barbedo Claudio José
Published: September 2016

Abstract: Desiccation sensitive seeds, such as those of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. (grumixama) and E. pyriformis Cambess. (uvaia), also known as recalcitrant, need to be stored with high water content and temperatures above 0 °C. Such conditions keep these seeds with high metabolism, thus reducing their longevity, and allowing the development of microorganisms, especially fungi, accelerating their deterioration speed. Heat and osmotic treatments have shown some success for the control of some fungi associated with these seeds. However, to better measure the effectiveness of these treatments, the evaluation criteria needs to be refined, taking into account not only their incidence but also their intensity. Thus, in the present study, the percentage of seeds infected by the fungi (incidence) as well as the degree of infection on the seed surface (severity) of E. brasiliensis and E. pyriformis were evaluated after applying heat and osmotic treatments which controlled most fungi found in these seeds, except for Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. The evaluation of the severity showed that the effect of the treatments is not only quantitative, reducing the number of infected seeds; there was also a change in the development of the fungi, often reducing the severity of the infection, thus enabling the detection of differences between treatments that were not easily recognized when only using the incidence evaluation.
Mastites em ruminantes no Brasil
Authors: Acosta Atzel Candido , Silva Leonildo Bento Galiza da , Medeiros Elizabeth Sampaio , Pinheiro-Júnior José Wilton , Mota Rinaldo Aparecido
Published: September 2016

Resumo: A mastite é uma doença complexa e considerada uma das principais causas de perdas à indústria leiteira mundial. Objetivou-se com esta revisão compilar informações dos últimos dez anos sobre a mastite em ruminantes no Brasil. A prevalência da mastite subclínica chega a 48,64% na espécie bovina, 30,7% na espécie caprina, 31,45% na espécie ovina e 42,2% na espécie bubalina, destacando-se a etiologia por Staphylococcus spp. Os fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de mastite estão relacionados a problemas no saneamento ambiental e ao manejo dos animais. As bactérias isoladas do leite mastítico apresentam maior percentual de resistência a penicilina, ampicilina, amoxicilina e neomicina e a utilização de técnicas moleculares no diagnóstico dos agentes causadores de mastites no país, ainda é escassa o que dificulta a obtenção de um diagnóstico mais rápido, sensível e específico.
Identification and characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from broilers
Authors: Spanamberg Andréia , Ferreiro Laerte , Machado Gustavo , Fraga Cibele Floriano , Araujo Ricardo
Published: September 2016

Abstract: Aspergillosis is one of the main causes of mortality in birds. The pulmonary system is most frequently affected, with lesions observed in the air sacs and lungs of a wide variety of bird species. The aim of this study was to confirm by molecular methods the identification and the genetic diversity of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates of lung's samples from healthy broilers (Galus galus domesticus). Forty-four (9.5%) isolates of lung's samples were confirmed as A. fumigatus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex (amplification of β-tub and rodA gene fragments). Microsatellite typing for A. fumigatus was used to analyse all avian isolates. Among them, 40 genotypes (90.9%) were observed only one time. The results showed a high variability and multiple genotypes of de A. fumigatus collected from lung's samples of broilers.
Detecção e tratamento de otite por Rhabditis blumi em bovinos da região Norte do Brasil
Authors: Barbosa José Diomedes , Silva Jenevaldo Barbosa da , Lima Danillo Henrique da Silva , Araújo Luiz Henrique Vilela , Santos Lívia Loiola dos , Reis Alessandra dos S. Belo , Salvarani Felipe Masiero , Brito Marilene de Farias
Published: September 2016

Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever a ocorrência de otite parasitária causada por Rhabditis blumi em bovinos leiteiros de raça Gir de uma fazenda da região Norte do Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de 42 bovinos por swab e lavado dos condutos auditivos externos (CAE). Ao exame clínico, 9,5% (4/42) dos bovinos apresentavam sintomatologia nervosa, como leve a moderada rotação da cabeça, apatia, flacidez dos lábios e ptose palpebral unilateral, alopecia das regiões da cabeça e cupim, causados pelo desconforto e prurido da região auricular, alteração na mastigação e acúmulo de alimento na cavidade oral. Adicionalmente, 71,4% (30/42) dos abovinos mostraram a presença do parasita no cerúmen dos condutos auditivos. À análise microscópica do material do saco conjuntival foi observado presença do parasita em 90% (9/10) dos bovinos avaliados. Os 30 bovinos positivos para Rhabditis spp. foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos de 10 animais: (G1) Bovinos controle, (G2) Bovinos tratados com ivermectina 1% pour on e (G3) Bovinos submetidos a lavado dos condutos auditivos externos (CAE). Cada tratamento foi repetido três vezes com intervalo de sete dias. No G1 os 10 bovinos mantiveram-se infectados durante todo o estudo. No G2 20% dos bovinos foram negativos após os dois primeiros tratamentos, porém, mostraram-se positivos na terceira avaliação. No G3 todos os bovinos mantiveram-se positivos, sendo observada apenas diminuição da carga parasitária. A identificação por análise molecular por meio de fragmentos amplificados da expansão D2/D3 do 28S rDNA confirmou a presença apenas da espécie Rhabditis blumi nos animais. Baseado nas observações clínicas, morfológicas e moleculares pode-se relatar o primeiro caso de R. blumi em bovinos da raça Gir no Estado do Pará, através da compra de animais oriundos de áreas onde a otite parasitária tem sido diagnosticada, principalmente de Minas Gerais, para formar animais mestiços (Gir x Holandês). Desta forma ressalta-se a importância do exame clínico prévio dos animais a serem transferidos para outras propriedades ou regiões. Este relato também parece ser o primeiro sobre a presença de R. blumi no saco conjuntival de bovinos. O tratamento com ivermectina no G2 não surtiu melhora clínica dos bovinos.
Avaliação da composição molecular da cápsula anterior da lente de cães idosos com catarata de alto risco
Authors: Hvenegaard Ana Paula , Barros Paulo S.M. , Safatle Angélica M.V. , Góes Ana Carolina A. , Eyherabide Ana R. , Miguel Nadia C.O.
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Atualmente, a cápsula anterior e o epitélio da lente tem sido cada vez mais estudados, com o intuito de reduzir as possíveis complicações do pós-operatório da remoção da catarata, tal como a opacidade da cápsula posterior, alteração ocasionada principalmente pela diferenciação e migração das células do epitélio lenticular para a cápsula posterior da lente. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a composição molecular da cápsula anterior da lente pela técnica histoquímica de PAS (avaliação de proteoglicanos) e picrosirius red (avaliação de colágeno IV), em cães idosos com catarata diabética e não diabética do tipo hipermadura, submetidos ao uso ou não de azul de tripano a 0,1 % durante a facoemulsificação. Vinte e sete cães foram estudados, incluindo 21 fêmeas e 6 machos, de 8 a 12 anos de idade (média = 9,6 anos), de diversas raças e divididos em 2 grupos: GC (catarata hipermadura) e GCD (catarata diabética). Os resultados das análises realizadas mostraram que ambas as amostras, tanto as provenientes das cataratas hipermaduras, quanto das diabéticas, apresentam semelhante composição molecular de proteoglicanos e colágeno IV e isto independente da utilização de azul de tripano a 0,1 %. Conclui-se, portanto, que se os resultados obtidos forem decorrentes de alterações provocadas pelo rápido metabolismo da catarata diabética e pela cronicidade da catarata hipermadura sugere-se que o comprometimento da estrutura capsular seja de intensidade equivalente e, por consequência, que isto também possa prejudicar o metabolismo das células do epitélio anterior da lente, diminuindo assim a incidência da opacidade da cápsula posterior de cães com catarata diabética e hipermadura submetidos à facoemulsificação.
Uso da glicerina para a substituição do formaldeído na conservação de peças anatômicas
Authors: Karam Rafael Garcia , Cury Fabio Sergio , Ambrósio Carlos Eduardo , Mançanares Celina Almeida Furlanetto
Published: September 2016

Resumo: A formalização é a principal forma de conservação de corpos e peças anatômicas, devido principalmente ao seu baixo custo. A técnica baseia-se na utilização do formaldeído (5-20%) como fixador e conservador. Entretanto existem vários fatores negativos à sua utilização, como odor desagradável, escurecimento, aumento de peso e rigidez das peças e sérios problemas ambientais quando descartada de forma incorreta, além de ser um produto classificado pela Agência Internacional de Pesquisas em Câncer como altamente cancerígeno. Existem várias opções para substituir o formaldeído, a glicerinação é uma delas, cujo será tratada neste trabalho. A glicerina atua como antifúngico e bactericida, além de ter muitas vantagens em relação ao formol, tratando-se de odor, textura e coloração, além de não ser prejudicial a saúde. Porém o seu custo ainda é elevado e isso explica sua pouca utilização em laboratórios de anatomia. Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar as vantagens do uso da glicerina em relação ao formol e propor uma possível substituição deste produto cancerígeno para preservar a saúde dos alunos, funcionários e professores dentro do laboratório, além de permitir um ambiente mais agradável para o aprendizado.
Ensino de BIM em curso de graduação em engenharia civil em uma universidade dos EUA: estudo de caso
Authors: Basto Priscilla Elisa de Azevedo , Lordsleem Junior Alberto Casado
Published: September 2016

Resumo Com o crescente avanço da tecnologia, os empreendimentos da construção civil se tornam cada vez mais complexos. Como forma de acompanhar esse processo, foi desenvolvido o paradigma denominado de Building Information Modeling (BIM), que se baseia na colaboração entre as equipes para a elaboração de um modelo integrado e 3D da edificação do qual serão retiradas as informações necessárias para a gestão do empreendimento. O BIM vem sendo utilizado por diversas empresas, devido aos benefícios potenciais, entretanto sua difusão continua sendo restrita em razão do fato de ser dominado por pequena quantidade de profissionais. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetiva descrever um método de abordagem do ensino de BIM, permitindo a sua avaliação para potencial difusão e utilização, e demonstrar a importância desse método. Para isso foram realizadas a descrição detalhada e a análise da experiência de ensino do BIM na disciplina de Gerenciamento de Projeto da Construção I, ministrada na Arizona State University (ASU), localizada nos Estados Unidos. Através dos resultados obtidos, constatou-se que a disciplina realiza a abordagem do BIM em conjunto com os outros assuntos, pode ser classificada como de nível intermediário, formando um analista BIM, e se mostrou efetiva em apresentar os principais conceitos e usos do BIM aos discentes.
Development of an Augmented Reality environment for the assembly of a precast wood-frame wall using the BIM model
Authors: Cuperschmid Ana Regina Mizrahy , Grachet Marina Graf , Fabrício Márcio Minto
Published: September 2016

Abstract This article presents the development of an Augmented Reality (AR) application to assist in the assembly of a precast wood-frame wall, based on the BIM model of the wall execution sequence. The research study used the Design Science Research approach and its aim was to develop an AR application named "montAR" (version 2.0). This application offers a tutorial that combines a wall model visualized in AR in actual scale, followed by an audio with step-by-step instructions of the assembly process. Its applicability was simulated in a laboratory with the participation of volunteers (architecture and engineering students). Two visualization gadgets were used and compared: smartphones and smart glasses. The potentialities and difficulties of the use of the AR system were assessed through a questionnaire answered by the participants and through direct observation and result analysis by the researchers. The results demonstrated the potential of using AR for precast wall assembly. From a technological innovation perspective, this study emphasizes the potential use of AR as a technology suitable for training and for construction quality control.
Potencial e avaliação de uma aplicação PPSIG sobre a orla do Guaíba em Porto Alegre
Authors: Bugs Geisa Tamara , Reis Antônio Tarcísio da Luz
Published: September 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é testar, na realidade brasileira, o potencial da participação pública com sistemas de informação geográfica (PPSIG) para identificar as percepções dos participantes quanto às preferências, aos usos futuros, à acessibilidade e às melhorias a serem realizadas, hipoteticamente, na Orla do Guaíba em Porto Alegre, RS. Adicionalmente, a PPSIG é avaliada por esses participantes. A PPSIG possibilita que o público produza dados espaciais que representam a sua percepção do ambiente em questão. A metodologia inclui a utilização do SoftGIS, desenvolvido na Finlândia e customizado para o presente experimento através de uma interface do tipo faça você mesmo. A amostra total foi de 156 participantes que utilizaram o mapa on-line interativo, marcando 3.366 lugares válidos. Destes, 109 avaliaram a PPSIG. A análise dos dados espaciais se baseou na agregação espacial para delinear áreas de concentração, através dos mapas de calor. Os dados do questionário de avaliação da PPSIG Orla do Guaíba foram analisados conforme as frequências das respostas com relação às categorias consideradas em cada variável. Os resultados evidenciam o potencial da PPSIG para identificar as percepções dos participantes, assim como a sua avaliação satisfatória, não tendo sido encontradas maiores dificuldades para sua utilização.
Estudo teórico e experimental de paredes esbeltas de alvenaria estrutural
Authors: Parsekian Guilherme Aris , Corrêa Marcio Roberto Silva , Lopes Guilherme Martins , Cavichiolli Isabella
Published: September 2016

Resumo Um dos fatores a serem levados em conta no dimensionamento de elementos comprimidos é sua esbeltez. Até hoje no Brasil utiliza-se o conceito de esbeltez simplificado, no qual o comprimento de flambagem é determinado por uma altura efetiva (hef), e o raio de giração é substituído por um parâmetro chamado espessura efetiva (tef), para o cálculo de fator minorador de resistência. Outras normas de alvenaria estrutural, como as norte-americana, europeia e australiana, trazem também em sua formulação de cálculo da capacidade de carga de uma parede comprimida um fator redutor de resistência. Já a normalização canadense indica que seja feita uma análise mais próxima da realidade, considerando o equilíbrio na configuração deformada da parede (análise P-Delta). Um programa experimental que envolveu 18 ensaios de paredes de blocos cerâmicos e de concreto com elevada esbeltez, obtida com a utilização de blocos de pequena espessura, é aqui relatado. As previsões da capacidade de carga para o caso de blocos de concreto de geometria vazada foram próximas aos resultados dos ensaios. No caso dos blocos cerâmicos utilizados, de geometria complexa, com as paredes dos blocos também vazadas, apenas a aproximação da norma canadense permitiu obter com algum grau de segurança e proximidade os resultados dos ensaios. Paredes mais esbeltas e com blocos de geometrias complexas exigem procedimentos mais refinados para o cálculo, em que o processo P-Delta e a verificação da seção com material não resistente à tração podem ser uma solução.
Aplicação de um índice do ambiente construído para avaliação da mobilidade sustentável
Authors: Grieco Elisabeth Poubel , Portugal Licínio da Silva , Alves Rosane Martins
Published: September 2016

Resumo Diferentes pesquisas têm investigado as dimensões que compõem o ambiente construído de uma dada área da cidade e confirmam a sua forte influência nos padrões de viagens. Neste artigo pretende-se aplicar o índice proposto por Grieco, Portugal e Alves (2015), baseado no ambiente construído, para se avaliar o potencial de três bairros na cidade de Niterói, RJ (Icaraí, Santa Rosa e Região Oceânica) para estimular viagens sustentáveis. Nessa aplicação os indicadores propostos para as cinco dimensões que compõem o índice (densidade, desenho urbano, diversidade, distância do sistema de transportes e destinos acessíveis), estabelecidos a partir de revisão bibliográfica, foram levantados e calculados em cada bairro. Os resultados revelam que as expectativas relacionadas às características do ambiente urbano nas áreas analisadas correspondem ao potencial em estimular as viagens sustentáveis. O índice proposto mostrou-se exequível e aparentemente aderente às especificidades locais, podendo contribuir como ferramenta no processo de planejamento das cidades e para a adoção de políticas que fomentem um cenário urbano mais acessível e adequado ao estímulo das viagens sustentáveis.
Leaf litter input and electrical conductivity may change density of Phylloicus sp. (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) in a Brazilian savannah stream
Authors: Leite Gustavo Figueiredo Marques , Silva Fabíola Turiel Costa , Navarro Fernanda Keley Silva Pereira , Rezende Renan de Souza , Gonçalves Júnior José Francisco
Published: September 2016

Abstract Aim Shredders are generally not abundant in tropical streams, and there is considerable evidence suggesting that the food supply drives this pattern in headwaters. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of variation in the availability of food resources, over one year, on the density of Phylloicus sp. (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), which is one of the main shredders in Neotropical headwaters. Methods We measured the relative importance of organic matter in terms of vertical input (VI) and benthic standing stock (BS) on Phylloicus sp. density from October 2012 to September 2013 in a preserved third order stream in the Cerrado savannah biome, Federal District, Brazil. Results Leaves were abundant (monthly biomass of 24.2 g.m–2 ±23.1 SD in VI and 46.1 g.m–2 ±76.7 SD in BS), increasing at the end of dry season (August to October) and comprised the most abundant fraction in VI and BS (~ 70%). Phylloicus sp. had a low density throughout the year (2.4 ind.m–2 ±4.9 SD) and its peak (13.7 ind.m–2 ±17.1 SD in October) was associated with greater leaf biomass in VI and high electrical conductivity in the stream. The well-defined peak of Phylloicus sp. density in October suggests interplay between the increase in Phylloicus density and the leaf litter that enters the stream at the end of the dry season. Electrical conductivity was also higher in October, reflecting an increase in nutrient concentrations in the water during this period. Conclusions The availability of leaf litter may be a determinant factor for the seasonal variation in Phylloicus sp. density in tropical streams, suggesting a bottom-up effect. Changes in the supply of allochthonous resources to the stream can lead to modification in populations of shredders, such as Phylloicus sp., and anthropogenic influences on the riparian vegetation can affect ecological processes of great importance to streams.
Failure of coastal protection concrete armour units due to alkali–silica reaction
Authors: Ingham Jeremy , Collery David , Sfikas Ioannis P. , Badger Mike
Published: September 2016

The 1993 Clacton Coastal Defence Works included a 1·4 km length of sloping revetment formed of precast concrete armour units. The revetment was designed for a service life of greater than 50 years, but severe cracking of the armour units necessitated its entire replacement after only 22 years. This paper describes an investigation that determined the primary cause of the armour unit deterioration to be alkali–silica reaction (ASR), which appeared to have been exacerbated by the choice of cement, leaching action and the geometry of the units. In addition, sustainable reuse of the concrete units within the rock armour fishtailed groynes of a replacement coastal protection scheme is described. This case study is of particular importance as it is notable that the failed concrete armour units complied with the current UK guidelines for prevention of ASR. As such, it demonstrates the importance of considering the potential action of leaching and the associated alkali migration when designing concrete structures to resist alkali–aggregate reactions. In particular, designers of marine/coastal structures should be aware of the potential leaching and alkali migration implications of specifying hollow concrete armour units with relatively low surface area to volume ratios.
Gli1+ Pericyte Loss Induces Capillary Rarefaction and Proximal Tubular Injury
Authors: Kramann Rafael , Wongboonsin Janewit , Chang-Panesso Monica , Machado Flavia G. , Humphreys Benjamin D.
Published: September 2016

Peritubular capillary rarefaction is hypothesized to contribute to the increased risk of future CKD after AKI. Here, we directly tested the role of Gli1+ kidney pericytes in the maintenance of peritubular capillary health, and the consequences of pericyte loss during injury. Using bigenic Gli1-CreERt2; R26tdTomato reporter mice, we observed increased distance between Gli1+ pericytes and endothelial cells after AKI (mean±SEM: 3.3±0.1 µm before injury versus 12.5±0.2 µm after injury; P<0.001). Using a genetic ablation model, we asked whether pericyte loss alone is sufficient for capillary destabilization. Ten days after pericyte ablation, we observed endothelial cell damage by electron microscopy. Furthermore, pericyte loss led to significantly reduced capillary number at later time points (mean±SEM capillaries/high-power field: 67.6±4.7 in control versus 44.1±4.8 at 56 days; P<0.05) and increased cross-sectional area (mean±SEM: 21.9±0.4 µm2 in control versus 24.1±0.6 µm2 at 10 days; P<0.01 and 24.6±0.6 µm2 at 56 days; P<0.001). Pericyte ablation also led to hypoxic focal and subclinical tubular injury, reflected by transient expression of Kim1 and vimentin in scattered proximal tubule segments. This analysis provides direct evidence that AKI causes pericyte detachment from capillaries, and that pericyte loss is sufficient to trigger transient tubular injury and permanent peritubular capillary rarefaction.