bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Omission of the "N" of Kana: A Syntactic Semantic Study
Authors: طه حسن علي
Published: November 2023

Omission and keeping some letters in the Holy Qur'an is one of the diverse topics that has received a lot of attention. This paper is an attempt to explore the secrets of the semantic values of the omission of the "N" from ”kana" in the present tense in the Holy Qur'an. This study is going to examine all the related places in the Holy Qur'an, mounting to eighteen, in which there is such omission. They are going to be studied syntactically and semantically. The study will depend on the opinions of the Arab linguists to explore the secrets of this omission. The paper is divided into an introduction and two sections. The first section deals with the syntactic omission of the "N", the conditions and the reason of this omission and the parsing the present tense of "kana". The second section is devoted to the semantic value of the omission of "N" of kana in the present in the Holy Qur'an including the outstanding rhetorical reasons behind this omission. The paper ends with Conclusion which sums up the results of the study
Rhythmical Forms of the Meanings of Taking, Removal, and Showing
Authors: حمد السامرائي رئد عبدالله , فاضل أسيل سعد
Published: November 2023

The common meaning in common formal structures attract the attention of the readers of the holy Qur'an according to the theory that says "change of formal structures leads to change in meaning". Hence, the title of the paper becomes "Rhythmical Forms of the Meanings of Taking, Removal, and Showing". The paper is divided into three sections: the first section is devoted to the meanings of taking; the second to the meaning of removal and the third to the meaning of showing. The researchers depended on many classical reliable references such as: Al-Kitab, As-Sihah, Maqiyis il-Lugha, Mafateeh ul-Ghaib, Al-Jami' li Ahkam il-Qur'an and al-Kulliyat. The paper ends with the Conclusion which sums up the results of the study.
Pattern of Poetic Tale of Love in Water of Life based on Meaning
Authors: Ali Kanyaw Qadir , Ahmed Safya Mohammed
Published: November 2023

The pattern of each literary text based on meaning includes multiple topics, dimensions, and pattern features, each text changes in accordance with genre and the phase in which this text has been written and it is different from another one. Thus, in the light of the title (Pattern of Poetic Tale of Love in Water of Life based on Meaning) by Mahabad Qaradghi this research has been done and it is an effort to introduce and show pattern features of the level of the meaning in this text. The research consists of two main axes and each axis includes several topics, in the first axis the picture of the arts of the poetic novel has been identified and on the principles of (feeling, wisdom, moving and motionless pictures, solo and hybrid texts) they have been separated and explained with examples. Unusual meanings have been shown in different ways in this poetic novel and their language of writing and their picture of the arts are more detailed. They make the readers to think more and to find unclear meanings as well. Thus, the second axis is specialized in unusual meanings and they are shown variously. In the end, the findings of the research have been discussed with several points, then the list of the references comes and abstract in both Arabic and English languages.
the Usurped Country in Kadzal’s Poem “The Pigeon of Khasa and Rahimawa” : A Structuralist Study
Authors: Huseen Nahida
Published: November 2023

Constructivism first appeared as a theory of economy by Carl Marx and then the linguists such as De Saussure and Focou. Furthermore, the development of the theory Originated from the works and views of the Russian Formalists, Prague Ring and New Criticism. The study is under the title of "Occupied Home in Kazhal Ahmed's poem 'Khasa Pigeon' and 'Rahimawa'" from a constructivist point of view. One of the most apparent basics of the theory is to work on the text itself rather than the author's life and his psychological, social, historical and ideological state. It only sheds light on the text, which caused the invention of 'The Author's Death'. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the term of constructivism, its definition and terminology are introduced as well as the theory's basics, principles, and resources. The second part is specified to the practical study of the poem through a constructivist theory. In conclusion, the result of the study is pinpointed and the list of the resources are given.
The Beloved in the Vision of the Artist and the Poet Nali and Picaso as Examples
Authors: Obeid Arkhawan Mohammed
Published: November 2023

The beloved in the vision of the Artist and Poet( Nali and Picasso as example) a critical analytical research of fine art and poem. This research uses Nail’s pome which he wrote for his beloved Habibia and two of Picasso’s pictures which he painted for his beloved ones. The research is divided into two main titles. The first one is the beauty of woman as motivation of art in which discussed in some philosophical questions. In the second one depending on the psychobiology ( Fitz ) some of the receiver’s questions has been answered along with analyzing how to unlock digital and analog codes for both arts. the most important opinions about ( beauty of art and the role of passion in the testing art, how the Kurdish receiver takes in art, how to unlock the codes and the activities of the receiver brain) are presented in some points as a result of our research.
Humanism in the Poems of Sherko Bekas between (1970-1973)
Authors: Taha Adnan Abdul-Rahaman , Hama Kareem Sabur
Published: November 2023

Sherko Bekas, A Kurdish poet and scholar, is regarded to be one of the founders of the rwanga. He is a poet of a suppressed nation. lives within the sufferings and melancholy of his own nation. He never feels tranquility. Human or individual is the center in his poems. The greatness and holiness of the country is bound to the greatness and elevation of the man. Racial discrimination, gender discrimination and religious discrimination are what Bekas wants to eradicate. The task is to familiarize our readers with his ideology. Humanism is what he announces in his poems. That is why "Humanism in Sherko Bekas's Poems" is written to evaluate the humanistic notion of in his poems. The illustration is if two grounds: One is the idea of humanism and its history. The second is the depiction of the humanism in his poems. Finally the conclusion sums up the resuts of the study.
The Style of Poetry in the Poems of Ahmed Hardy at the Word Level
Authors: Ali Beston Adel
Published: November 2023

This research entitled ((The Style of Poetry in the Poems of Ahmed Hardy at the Word Level)) consists of the introduction, two chapters, the conclusion, the results, the list of sources, references, and the summary in both Arabic and English. The first chapter consists of two sections: The first section deals with the concept and term of the poetic style, its emergence and growth, and the second section deals with the reasons for influencing the style and the types of style. The second chapter also consists of two sections: the first section deals with word displacement, the phenomenon of introduction and delay, word repetition, and the phenomenon of word addition. As for the second and final section, it dealt with the poetic image, especially the sensory image, myth and symbol. In the conclusion, the most important findings of the research were presented.
The Perspective of Woman in Anita Desai's Novel Clear Light of Day
Authors: Alwan Huda Kadhim
Published: November 2023

Anita Desai is a well-known writer in India. Her writings are influenced by the Indian world as well as European literary traditions. In the majority of her works, she is primarily concerned with Indian women. Anita Desai has a feminist vision that explores women's struggles against patriarchal oppression. She is distinct from other female writers in that she stresses personal redemption and inspiration. This research discusses how women struggle secretly and seek liberation in Desai's well-known novel Clear Light of Day (1980). This research focuses on Bimla, the protagonist in Desai's novel, who strives to overcome patriarchal obstacles in her search for independence, voice, and identity. The novel explores women's plight in India for a long time before and after independence in 1947, also how India's partition from Pakistan influenced both the nation and individuals. Desai concentrates chiefly on the women of the Das household, and the choices of the different female characters have in life.
The Impact of Frayer Model Strategy on EFL Pupils’ Achievement
Authors: Hasan Kanaan K. , Daham Hind Saad
Published: November 2023

Frayer Model strategy is one of many main strategies presented to classroom teachers. When these strategies are followed step by step, they can have a positive impact on pupils’ achievement. The current study aims at: 1.Investigating the impact of Frayer Model strategy on EFL pupils' achievement. 2.Investigating the improvement of EFL preparatory pupils' achievement To carry out the study , the hypotheses are posed as the following : 1.There is no statistical significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group, which is taught by of Frayer Model strategy and the control group which is taught by traditional method in post-test achievement. 2.There is no statistical significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group students in the pre-test and post-test achievement. A sample of the currant study consists of (60) pupils in fourth grade of secondary school scientific branch are derived from AL-Aqeeda schools for girls in Tikrit city. Two sections are selected as a study sample; Group (A) represents experimental group that includes (30) pupils are taught according to Frayer Model strategy. Group (B) represents control group which also include (30) pupils who are taught according to the traditional method. Both groups have been equalized in such variables from Educational level of parent, English grades achievement in previous schooling year , and the pretest of both groups . A unified posttest which contains ten questions are constructed to collect data . Face and content validity have been attained.To analyze the data, different statistical means have been used namely T-test, weighted mean and percentile mean to measure the pupils’ post-test. The results explain that there is a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of the experimental group who is taught according Frayer Model strategy and the control group who is taught by using the traditional method , also there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group in pre –post tests achievement.
Ibsen and Hnath's A Doll's House
Authors: Dabbagh Tara Taher
Published: November 2023

Henrik Ibsen’s concern in A doll’s house (1879) is the exposition of what he deems social evils and shortcomings, consequently leaving his protagonist’s future, after she famously slams the door on her married life, to the audience’s speculation. His open ending thus exemplifies Barthes’s seminal argument against unquestioned authorial authority in ‘The death of the author’ (1967), reasoning that what matters is the impression that a text makes on its destination, i.e., the reader. This paper looks into the take of one such reader on Ibsen’s text. Lucas Hnath, who provides a sequel to Ibsen’s play, daringly calling it A doll’s house, part 2 (2017), interprets Nora’s venturing into the outer world in terms of career and financial success. He begins his play with a knock on the same door ushering in, supposedly fifteen years later, the now established and self-assured feminist novelist Nora. As the two plays thus form a unified ontology, they showcase the Formalist postulate of the recurrent devices and the binding autonomous interrelations of literature. The themes that Ibsen starts are continued and elaborated by Hnath, who offers an extensive portrayal of various perceptions of Nora’s decision to leave her family. He does so through the tactic of the discussion, originally introduced by Ibsen, which goes counter to the latter’s general style of the well-made play. As New Criticism shares with Formalism its focus on the literary text itself, severing it from author and social context, its approach of close reading is used in this paper to analyze the merged schema of the two plays
Procedural Encoding Strategies of the Discourse Marker بَس (bas) in Syriac Interactional Discourse: A Relevance Theoretical Study
Authors: Estaifo Raghda Qiryaqous , Hussain AL-Bajjari Ismael F.
Published: November 2023

This study is an attempt to investigate the procedural encoding strategies of the discourse marker بَس(bas)(but), selected from one of the Syriac plays performed in the dialect of the Qaraqoush community. This discourse marker in this study, having interrelated procedural functions according to the context used, is assumed to be a discourse procedure that guides the hearer to the intended conceptualization of the discourse. The procedural functions of the selected discourse marker limit or constrain the context relevance of both speaker and hearer’s assumptions. The constraining is taken place by deriving one of the kinds of contextual or (cognitive effects); contextual implication, strengthening, and contradiction, or by reorienting the hearer to a path in the given context that leads to these effects. In this respect, the study aims to prove that procedural encoding is necessary for the conceptual encoding of the utterance context to achieve the intended meaning of the speaker. The data examples selected from the Syriac play are analyzed within the domain of Relevance Theory. The selected data are transliterated, translated, and analyzed concerning the procedural functions of the involved discourse marker. Due to the outcome of data analysis, some findings are raised. The most striking finding presented here is that the procedural role of the discourse marker بَس(bas)(but) in Syriac discourse is very significant; in that, it guides or directs the speaker to interpret the intended meaning. In the light of the findings, the study presents some suggestions to researchers who are interested in such a field of research.
Cultural Hybridity: Question of Britishness in David Edgars Testing the Echo
Authors: Khalaf Nada Zawi , Midhin Majeed Mohammed
Published: November 2023

Cultural hybridity is one of the visible phenomena of our era. It captures the spirit of various writers around the world with its celebration of cultural difference and fusion. Many factors accelerated the growth and spread of this phenomenon. Among them is the migrations, the globalization mantra of unfettered economic exchanges and the supposedly inevitable transformation of all cultures. In the first decade of the new millennium, British theatre seems preoccupied with various issues such as war on terror, social fragmentation, cultural segregation and the huge number of immigrants. However, the ever-increasing migration in the United Kingdom made British playwrights think seriously in the is in flux. No doubt, the new comers have their own values, which, on the long term, affects the host ones. Though it is conceivable, the clash between these cultural values can be met in a culturally viable atmosphere. What is the most important thing is that the newcomers tried hard to assimilate in a new hybrid space where all values meet together. The present paper is an attempt to shed light on the acceptance and rejection of these values as described by David Edgar’s Testing The Echo . It is done with due reference to Homi K. Bhabha’s theories of cultural hybridity and third space. This paper poses the following questions: In what ways may cultural hybridity be applied in David Edgarʼs selected plays to highlight non-British characters. Is it possible for the newcomers to integrate into the British society? If they do, what are they going to lose?
Homeland as mother in Some Irish and Kurdish Poems: A Comparative Study
Authors: Murd Ibrahim A.
Published: November 2023

Nationalism and attachment to country and land is as old as man’s existence on earth; yet, as a concept, it is almost modern, or may be, some steps behind the modern age. There are, undoubtedly, reasons and factors behind the rise of this concept and its appearance in the literature of some, if not all, nations throughout the history. This comparative investigation is an attempt to tackle a number of poems in both the Irish and Kurdish modern poetry. The resemblance between the historical, geographical, political, and cultural situations of the two nations was behind the germination of the idea of the paper. Despite the huge distance between the two nations’ lands, history, and culture, the paper pre-supposes a sort of resemblance that marks ‘the poetry of resistance’ in each case and consequently some common features to be discovered through the poems under study here. The paper starts with a brief introduction about nationalism as a concept along with its development in the modern age due to the political upheavals in different parts of the world. It is followed by a critical analysis of selected Irish and Kurdish poems using some modern and up-to-dates sources. The comparative aspects between the two cases precedes the conclusions and list of sources where some points are concluded the most obvious one of which is the heavy and unexpected semblance between the two groups of poems in forms, themes, and even techniques
The Effectiveness of PLEASE Strategy on Iraqi EFL University Students’ Achievement in Writing Skill
Authors: Mohammed Ibtisam Jassim
Published: November 2023

Writing in a foreign language is a big challenge that might affect EFL university student’s achievement in writing and this skill is described as a complex process because it includes both cognitive and metacognitive elements. However, EFL writing plays a central role in today's schools as well as colleges and is yet regarded as a challenging skill throughout academic life. PLEASE strategy has a better effect on the student’s achievement in writing when compared to the traditional method. The sample of this study consists of (52) students who are randomly chosen from second-year / Morning studies in English Department / Tikrit University for the academic year (2019-2020). The sample is divided into a control group with (51) students and an experimental group with (52) students. The experimental group had the students who were trained with PLEASE strategy and the control group had the students who were taught with the traditional method. A Pre and Post-tests have been conducted to show the effectiveness of PLEASE strategy . The data has been collected and treated statistically. The obtained results reveal that after adopting PLEASE strategy , the students` achievement in writing were found to be in a good manner and the coherence of the sentences have improved to a great deal. The students were able to bring out their ideas and concepts in a better way. Their fear of writing had completely gone. The grammar errors have been greatly eliminated as well .
Black African American and the Reality of Racism in Gwendolyn Brooks’s A Street in Bronzeville
Authors: Al-Douri Hamdi Hameed , Khalaf Saba Ali
Published: November 2023

Gwendolyn Brooks has become the doubly disadvantaged poet, mostly because of her "race" as a black woman, and secondly, by consideration for her gender. Such a double pressure is evident in Brooks's poetry. For her race and culture, Brooks took great pride as well as supports, honors womanhood too. However, Brooks's poetry discusses black consciousness and also exposes the essence of the concerns of black women. The Black women, their psychological state as well as their depressed feelings are portrayed in Brooks's poetry. The goal of Brooks is to show the readers, what African American women should be. The major aspect is that women characters are independent women, who reject the boundaries of the appropriate role, by both the Blacks as well as the general Western society. The suffering and resentment of American blacks, the misery with the strength of ordinary black citizens, is brilliantly pointed out by Brooks. She concentrated through her poems on people in general and women in particular. Although, she depicts African American women as moms, wives, sisters, girlfriends, as well as daughters, in different ways. Undoubtedly, Black female characters for Brooks are still victims of racism, slavery, sexism, exploitation, discrimination, injustice, oppression, and violence.
The Hegelian Theory Via Hatred in Literature with Reference to Linda Woolverton’s Maleficent and John William Polidori’s Vampyre
Authors: Jasim Amel M.
Published: November 2023

The moral concept of hatred is a feeling, thinking and misjudging in response to notifications of loathing and feud. Generally, has different versions: one of these forms is the hate for unbelief, wickedness and rebellion against the norms of ethics and virtuous moral standards, which is the walk of righteousness. It is the right, wise and the deep understanding of a capacity for a sound judgment manner for the benefit of humanity, in contrast, hatred of humanity for the benefit of malicious minority is the second version of aversion. That foists harm to humanity and at the same time it exculpates the perpetrators of that evil action, as a hair is taken from dough, also for the benefit of the same minority. People who do such things with disposed inclinations, have no consciences and they should not be considered human beings any longer. This work will study the second kind of hatred with its forms in literature, as the latter is a reflection of life. It will also study and survey the descending of using these effigies in literature from being antagonists until they become the protagonist in the work of art, this ideology raises the readers’ sympathy towards these effigies, with reference to the work of Linda Woolverton’s Maleficent (2014) and John William Polidori’s Vampyre (1819). This era has witnessed a new movement of writing literature, that reverberates the axiom and truism throughout fictions. It could be called the Malignantism. This paper attempts to invite the contemporaries to face their own failure to maintain the old system of morality throughout working, writing and selecting what prove to be benevolence in novels, critical essays, researches and symposiums, marked by doing good and disposed to good, kind and generous things for humanity (the Benevolentism). This work will use the Hegelian theory and considerations of the detective work elements to unfold the real denouement of the fraudulent works of Woolverton’s Maleficent and John William Polidori’s Vampyre (1819). The conclusion will include the result of this study.
Difficulties Encountered by English Department Students in Using Noun-Noun Collocations
Authors: Mustafa Falah Salahaddin , Amin Kitabchy Sawgil Mohammed
Published: November 2023

The current study explores noun-noun collocations in English. The main problem which the study attempts to tackle is the difficulty encountered by undergraduate, English department students in predicting noun-noun collocations in English. The hypothesis on which the study is based is the existence of hundreds of noun-noun collocations in English, be they noun and/or noun (binomial phrases), e.g. fish and chips, friend or foe; or noun + of-phrase combinations, e.g. sheet of paper, cup of tea. As regards the study approach adopted, the paper advocates Biber et al. (1999) (see sections 6 and 7). This approach is within 'lexical collocations', which is in contrast to 'grammatical collocations' in which a preposition is used with a noun, a verb or an adjective, e.g. by accident, account for, amazed at. The aim of the study is to define and explain different types and combinations of binomial phrases and noun + of-phrases. The results of the two tests administered to measure fourth year, English department students' mastery of different categories of lexical collocations (100 participants who sat a 40-item twofold tests) show that students face great obstacles in mastering collocations. Noun + noun sequences like water supplies, chess board, exam papers, speech impediment, and press release, are out of the scope of this study. .
Sources and Evidence of Al-Suhaimi (T.: 1178 A.H.) in his book: Al-I’itisam Bil-Isam
Authors: حسين مرعي الجبوري محمد سعيد , مصلح محمد ياسين مزيون
Published: November 2023

This paper aims at examining and analyzing the sources of As-Sahmi’s book A-I’itisamu bil ‘Isaam as well as the evidence he used. This book was a footnote on A-Isaam Al-Isfarayini’s (d. 951 AH) commentary on As-Samarqandi’s (d. 888 AH) book Ar-Risalat ul-Isti’ariya. The importance of Al-I’itisamu bil I’itisaam lies in its topic, namely Arabic rhetoric and mainly the metaphorical language with its diverse uses and types. The paper points out the main reasons behind As-Sahmi’s authoring of this book relying on the book’s introduction where the author hints at this. Among the main reasons were explaining the sophisticated riddle-like meanings and correcting certain archaic expressions in the text because the author was of Persian origin. The author then mentions As-Sahmi’s sources and the number they were cited, classifying them into: Rhetorical, linguistic and syntactic as well as others related to Qur’anic recitation and Hadith (Tradition).
The Parsing Agreement and the Semantic DifferenceBetween Adverbs and some Posts: Al-Akbari's I'irab ul-Hadith as Example
Authors: مهدي أمل صالح
Published: November 2023

Positions form a large area in the grammar lesson, and it is considered the grammar cabinet: because it includes many sections of Arabic grammar, which gives it a bit of similarity and familiarity in some places In order for it to be difficult to separate the expressions in many matters, and to distinguish between them only by the meaning, the parsing mark -- sometimes -- stands unable to determine the correct parsing before that circle Therefore, the matter was in weighting some opinions over some very difficult, which made grammarians devote a chapter to it under the "section of similar positions", in which Ibn Hisham listed similar grammatical issues and syntaxes, and the syntactic sign had no role in directing one of them. And efficacy, and source, circumstantial and current, and what is likely to be used and the object with it. This research was limited to studying the agreement of the parsing status and the difference of meaning between the case and the absolute effect and between the case and the object in the book of the Parsing of Arabic Hadith of the Prophet by al-Akbari who died in 616 AH, because the study of the entire postulate requires several researches.
Tracing The Brechtian Influence in Amiri Baraka’s Dutchman
Authors: Turki Hajir Nasir , Al-Douri Hamdi Hameed
Published: November 2023

Dutchman attracts the attention of the audience more than Amiri Baraka’s other playswhich exce ptionally consolidates the sturdy awareness and the theatrical development. Baraka has been influenced by the political and social attitudes of the Brechtian theatre which have influenced the theatre of the whole world. Brecht is a fundamental figure in recent times and the works of theatre return to his influence and his achievements. Many American playwrights follow his techniques in one way or other ways and appropriately Baraka’s Dutchman illustrates the Brechtian upshots on the Afro-American stage. The journey of Clay and Lula is pointed to be a lesson for the spectators and the readers in employing several Brechtian elements and techniques to expose the current issues of the 1960s of American life. It is paralleled to the past periods by reconditioning the traditional myth of The Flying Dutchman of the seventeenth century as a symbol of the notion of slavery and degradation of the blacks from that time till the recent days of Baraka. Critics have identified Baraka’s Dutchman as a political play that emphasises social injustice to arouse social change using the Brechtian way of evolving society.
The Impact of Concept Sort Strategy on EFL Pupils' Interaction
Authors: Radhi Ayat Amer , Saleh Madeha Saif Aldeen
Published: November 2023

Learning strategies provide pupils opportunity to explore their knowledge , organize , compare and contrast information to develop their skills. Many teachers want their pupils to be activate in classroom . Concept sort strategy helps pupils learn and understand their vocabulary words. Therefore, concept sort strategy is implemented to enhance and support pupils' interaction . The current study aims at investigating the impact of concept sort strategy on Iraqi EFL preparatory pupils' interaction and development of pupils' interaction by using new concepts through lesson. The study hypothesizes that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group which is taught by concept sort strategy and the control group which is taught by traditional strategy in post –test. The pupils have been taught during the academic year 2020-2021. A sample consists of (60) pupils are selected from two schools Al-Rahma Preparatory school and Al-Door Secondary school for girls. Each section consists of (30) pupils .The results explain that there is a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of the experimental group who is taught according to Concept Sort strategy and the control group who is taught by using the traditional method. Moreover , there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group in pre -post tests.
Title: Tracing the Aspects of Beauty, Segregation, and Racial Identity in Quicksand and Passing Novels by Nella Larsen
Authors: Shakir Mutaz Tarik
Published: November 2023

In this research work, Nella Larsen's two novels Quicksand and Passing explores the structures of the African American female identity. It investigate the textual depictions of Beauty, segregation and racial identity, and how these demonstrations are based in Harlem Renaissance literature and the broader literary canon on the stereotypes of the American women's identity. This study also demonstrated how both texts novels defy stereotypes of African American women by portraying women capable of liberty while condemning a culture that deprives them of their freedom and identities. Talking about race still causes discomfort, especially when trying to demonstrate how strategies for maintaining whiteness work as a hierarchical process, and that is why it is necessary that identities become key elements to open this path that is sometimes so tortuous and thorny. Passing exemplifies that the very notion of Whiteness must be questioned in order to illustrate that the debate about identities must not be dissociated from the question of race. Quicksand explores modern modes in which African American women represent identity by struggling to find their place in society in Larsen's first novel. Both novels challenge stereotypes of African-American women by depicting independent women and criticizing a culture that denies them agency and identity. This work portray protagonists and how fights against racial stereotypes, despite the difficulties they faced. For characters in Passing, beauty is very important, whom Larsen portrays as constantly assessing the physical appearances of other people, taking care of their own and worrying about how they appear. Also examines how Larsen employs mirrors, an unreliable speaker and unclear states to comment on the inefficient and dangerous effects on American society of segregation and assimilation. Her use of a distrusted, yet loyal-race heroine has revealed the traps in enabling the division between racial and social duties of a complete civilization.
L’impact du théâtre de l’absurde français sur le théâtre irakien Taha Salem et sa pièce "Tantale " comme modèle
Authors: Jarallah AL-BAZZAZ Ghassan Salah
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the influence of the French Theatre of the Absurd on the Iraqi theater. The Iraqi playwright Taha Salem with his play "Tantal" have been chosen as a model. To reach this goal, three main points have been tackled: the first is devoted to briefly presenting the creation of the French Theatre of the Absurd, the second aims at uncovering the reasons for receiving this new theatrical form by some Iraqi playwrights, the third point focuses on analyzing the theatrical text of the Iraqi writer Taha Salem. Moreover, this analysis is based on studying three axes: the form, the linguistic structure, and the privacy of the characters of the play.
L'Islamophobie dans Soumission de Michel Houellebecq
Authors: Musttaff Jumaah Jasim
Published: November 2023

In this study entitled "the Islamophobia in Soumission of Michel Houellebecq, the study tries to discuss the image of Islam in french in general and in the Soumission of Michel Houellebec in particular. This story of Michel tells the reader how the victory of the Islamic party in the election will affect the life of french people there. In addition, the narration. especially after the events which followed the attack of Charlie Hebdo, may represent an indication to the danger Islam for the French republic. The research will try to reveal how the author could present the events followed the conversion politique as negative signal at the new rolle of Islan in the life of French people Finally, this study is consacred to discover the islamophobia which represented this narration.
The semiotics of cultural Representations in Andalusian poetry
Authors: جواد ياسين الساعدي محمد طه
Published: November 2023

This study aims at identifing the semiotic signs that are carried by the cultural representatives inherent in the body, (such as clothing and adornment) that reflect the culture of society, and which were employed in Andalusian poetry; in the Al-Murabit and Al-Muhaddithian poetry of this period. suggest what is difficult to be confined, in the range of consecutive connected movement with each other, stems from the semiotic actor, towards the subject apparent, and the hidden implicit, within the cultural and aesthetic formats, mediated mu'awwal dynamic, and doing participatory, logical and after deliberative, a petition in an effort to try to limit most of the indications, the underlying implications in the context of the text code consisting of markers, agreed upon, and acceding to it, with the deepening of the semantic level of signs of actresses, arranged and organized in accordance with the exploratory hypothesis, or exploratory initial meaning, determined from which the offsets stylistics, fields Tagged, and Thmlanh In Ttiyathma of Revelation, and the significance, through reliance on the subject, which is based on its branches relationship involving under his wing, represented Baloiconh, and the context, and the symbol, by observing these relationships, which are the signs of the linguistic vehicle in the body of the text, and context of the time, not Lingual extend to What surrounds the text once again, in order to reach the largest size of the connotations that these relations contain, which the poetic text overflows, which goes with the intent. In order to reach the greatest amount of revelations, we went to an attempt to unveil the aesthetics carried by poetic texts such as artistic images and music, with both parts, in addition to the psychological effects.
The Order of Adjectives in Arabic
Authors: أحمد ناظم ذياب , أحمد سعد صالح
Published: November 2023

The reason behind the choice of this topic is that it has not been given its due of study and there is no final word concerning which adjective comes first in order, though a lot of grammatical and linguistic studies had been written. This paper, therefore, is an attempt in this regard. The paper is divided into an introduction, three sections and a conclusion. The study concludes that the grammarians agreed that the rule concerning the order of adjectives is the singular comes first, followed by the clause and then the sentence. However, they allowed change in this order when the speaker wants to emphasize a certain trait, the related adjective comes first in order. There are uncountable examples of such cases in Arabic, n the Holy Qur’an and in the speech of the Arabs.
Ar-Risalat ul-Mukhtasaratu fil I’iraab (The Abbreviated Epistle in Parsing) of Mohammad Al-Izmiri (d. 1165 AH)
Authors: حسين عبدالله حميد
Published: November 2023

This paper is an edition and a study of a manuscript which is published for the first time after being being kept for many decades on the shelves of libraries. The manuscript was written by Mohammad Al-Izmiri who taught Arabic in Turkey and was greatly influenced by the grammatical writings of Turkish linguists. The paper is divided into two parts and the first part is subdivided int six sub-section: The first is devoted to the author, the second to the copies of the manuscript, the third to a description of the manuscript, the fourth to its origin, the fifth to the differences between the manuscript on the one hand and AL-Jurjani and Al-Barkawi, on the other hand concerning parsing and the sixth to the difference between the manuscript and Al-Barkawi’s Matni Idhhar il-Asraar. The last part is devoted to the edition of the manuscript as the author wished it to appear.
Courage in the Poetic Topics Initiated in Islam The Early Islamic Era as an Example
Authors: خلف الجبوري حسن إسماعيل , عزام ترك جبر القيسي عبدالحميد
Published: November 2023

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, fulfills his blessings,and rewards more, and peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad, the illiterate Prophet, and his family and companions. Now, however, the initiation of Islamic poetry is a literary phenomenon whose topics derive from the facts that no one can obscure and deny, as it is more powerful than to obscure and appear to be denied, because the poets have drawn it from the reality in which they live, and the title of our research(intentionally for purposes) The poetry in the early Islamic era was represented in an introduction, five sections and a conclusion. The introduction deals with language and terminology, the first section is devoted tothe poetry of glorification of God, the second to the poetry of belief and call, the third deals with poetry of jihad and Islamic conquests,the forth deals with poetry of conversion into Islam and apology and the fifth is devoted to poetry of apostasy and regret. The conclusion gives a summary of the results of the study..
The Linguistic Phenomena in Amali Al-Qali
Authors: ثامر ورده ميزر , عبدالله نصيف ياسين
Published: November 2023

This research studies the connotation of nullifying the purpose and takes from the satisfying purposes as a means for it. It bears the meaning of (rejecting the purpose), studying it, determining its path and the location of the purpose in it, as well as clarifying the opinions of scholars in that and their preference for it. The research is divided into three sections preceded by an introduction and a brief definition of Ash-Shatby and his purposes, and a definition of (reversing the purpose. The first section includes: a study of issues in reversing the grammatical and morphological ruling. The second one consists of reversing the meaning, whereas the third topic is made up of reversing the original, then the research ends up with the most prominent results obtained from both the theoretical and practical chapters.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Israeli Political Speeches before Normalization with Arab Countries
Authors: Ali Al-Thalab Hasan Shaban , Gadban Ala'a Hussein
Published: November 2023

The current study is a Critical Discourse Analysis of Israeli Political Speeches before Normalization with Arab Countries that shows the mutual effort between Israel and Arabs countries to achieve normalization. The most important aims of the current study are; i) Investigating whether normalization and peace process are presented positively or negatively in the Israeli Political Speeches before normalization. ii) Identifying the textual analysis of speeches that are used by the three Israeli politicians before normalization period. iii) Showing the discursive practices which are used in the Israeli Political Speeches before normalization. The aims are only outcomes to the following problems; what is the most influential political speech type is used? What is the textual analysis used in the Israeli Officials' Political Speeches before normalization? What are the discursive practices used by Israeli Politicians before normalization? Fulfilling the above aims, the study hypothesizes that Israeli politicians employ the language to serve their purposes through using different strategies. Finally, Language is utilized to show Israel's hegemony and victory through Israeli politicians' speeches. The data have been selected from Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs website. The Israeli Political Speeches are analyzed ideologically and linguistically according to Fairclough's three-dimensional approach (1989, 1995, and 2010). To sum, the selected Israeli Political Speeches before normalization have explicit negative ideologies more than the ones after normalization.
The Role of Time in the Grammatical Classification of the Early Muslim Linguists
Authors: سليمان مريم غسان , غني منى عدنان
Published: November 2023

All praise is for Alláh, and may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Alláh, the Finality of the Prophets, and upon his family, Companions and anyone that follows in their footsteps until the Day of Judgement. The time is considered an important function basis, it has an apparent role in many grammatical branches, as an example, the parts of speech and some Arabic grammar rules, the comprehending of the role of time was an important factor to determine the semantics and its work together, although it could be inserted under semantics section, but it differs other classic semantics by its adverbially concept, it may be also determined it by the Quran not by the absolute vocables . This research signifies early Muslim linguists efforts to Accentuate the role of time in the grammatical classifications, considering it as a norm for certain classifications, as well as what they had already Comprehended in the differences under each section. The most important grammatical classifications which the role of time was its basis represented in three matters, they were made as a three section into this research as shown below: Section One: The role of time in the verbs classifications. Section Two: The role of time in the relative verbs classifications. Section Three: The role of time in the grammatical particles classifications.
Intertextuality in Adnan As-Sa'igh's Poetry
Authors: جمعه العاني حسام سعدي عبد الرزاق
Published: November 2023

This paper is a study of intertextuality, both linguistically and idiomatically showing the classical and modernist critics' opinion concerning it, and then it is applied on the poems of the Iraqi contemporary poet of the young generation: Adnan As-Sa'igh. The paper tackles the religious intertextuality which is subdivided into two sections: Qur'anic intertextuality and other Holy Books intertextuality. The paper then sheds light on the literary intertextuality by defining this term and term extracting the lines in which there is such intertextuality. The paper also explores the historical intertextuality and the historical events the poet cited in his poems. The last part of the paper is devoted to the folkloric intertextuality which is one of the topics the poet made use of to enrich his poetry by endowing it with a social atmosphere which reinforces his argument.
Empathy for Animals in Andalusian poetry, The Era of Tawa'f and Moravids
Authors: فيصل ابتهال عبد الكريم , عباد رمضان صالح
Published: November 2023

The Andalusian nature is a wonderful environment that has always inspired poets to come up with many poetical images and ideas . The overall landscape is the essential source of these poetical images which are conveyed beautifully by the poets to the recipient audience , poets also use these images to express their ideas , imagination and emotions which intertwine with the poet’s essence finally leading him to express what comes to his mind. The poet communicates with these subjects as if they were humanized , it is the empathy that calls for characterization and sharing with others through expression. Features of this environment were reflected by poets picturizing animals . A number of poetic images and groups were inspired by Andalusia with all of its characteristics and qualities , poets essentially focused on images derived from this environment while painting pictures with their words. Many Andalusian poets attempt to describe animals in general, birds and also pigeons cooing , which is nothing but an echo that is centered in the minds and souls of these poets hence we have tackled the relationship between poets and these amiable creatures and we present the empathy for these animals.
Efforts of Imam Ibnu Katheer of Damascus in Researches on Midood In Qur’anicRecitation in his Book: Risalatun fi Tajweed il-Qur’an
Authors: صالح الجبوري تحسين علي
Published: November 2023

This research is taken from a manuscript of Ibn Katheer al-Dimashqi in the recitation of the Qur’an, in which I studied the chapter on “Al-Madoud”, and the research is divided into six issues: The first issue: the separate extension and its conditions if the hamza is in one or two words. The second issue: extending the syllable letters in the beginning of the surah. The third issue: the extension with the consonant letter. The fourth issue: the madd if the hamza is plucked, and after the hamza is a letter of the madd. The fifth issue: the changing extension. The sixth issue: Extending the softness and its conditions according to the arrival of the hamza after it. Then followed by a conclusion, and the most important sources
Morphophonems in Grammatical Bound Morphems in Macho Subdialect
Authors: Tayeb Taher Shehab Sheikh , Abdul Rahman Ako Najmuddin
Published: November 2023

This research which is entitled “Morphophonems in Grammatical Bound Morphems in Macho Subdialect” belongs to Kirkuk dialect. It focuses on the phenomenon of morphophonemic. It clarifies the grammatical morpheme that the speaker of Macho accent creates morphophonemic. The research is conducted as a lack of linguistic research on this accent. It is limited on only morphology and phonology. Moreover, it is an academic work which determines the causes of the phenomenon of morphophonemic in Kirkuk dialect generally, and in particular the Macho accent of Kirkuk people
The Pronoun in Kurdish and Arabic Languages: A Contrastive Study
Authors: Muhammad Hatem Walia , Karim Zana Majid
Published: November 2023

This contrastive study aims at ferreting out the differences and similarities between the Kurdish languages and the Arabic in term of the pronoun. The study is considered of high importance since pronopuns which consred one of the most misleading element to the language learners. The research will be under the farme work of (Contrastive study). The study revealed that there are some areas of differences and other areas of similarities between these two languages in the pronouns. The research aims to study the contrasting between the two languages with specific attempts at reviewing the use of pronouns and in a bid to draw on the differences. The study consists of introduction and four chapters. In the first chapter, we have briefly explained the aspects of the contrastive study. In second chapter; we have studied the pronouns of the Kurdish language, in third chapter; we have studied the pronouns of the Arabic language. In fourth chapter, we have shown the similarities and differences in the subject of pronouns between the two languages. Conclusion, the research ends with a result of the material of chapters been shown in the research.