bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FSP and FLTL framework for specification and verification of middle-agents
Authors: Bădică Amelia , Bădică Costin
Published: March 2011

FSP and FLTL framework for specification and verification of middle-agents

Agents are a useful abstraction frequently employed as a basic building block in modeling service, information and resource sharing in global environments. The connecting of requester with provider agents requires the use of specialized agents known as middle-agents. In this paper, we propose a formal framework intended to precisely characterize types of middle-agents with a special focus on matchmakers, brokers and front-agents by formally modeling their interactions with requesters and providers. Our approach is based on capturing interaction protocols between requesters, providers and middle-agents as finite state processes represented using FSP process algebra. The resulting specifications are formally verifiable using FLTL temporal logic. The main results of this work include (i) precise specification of interaction protocols depending on the type of middle-agent (this can also be a basis for characterizing types of middle-agents), (ii) improvement of communication between designers and developers and facilitation of formal verification of agent systems, (iii) guided design and implementation of agent-based software systems that incorporate middle-agents.
Application of agent-based simulated annealing and tabu search procedures to solving the data reduction problem
Authors: Czarnowski Ireneusz , Jędrzejowicz Piotr
Published: March 2011

Application of agent-based simulated annealing and tabu search procedures to solving the data reduction problem

The problem considered concerns data reduction for machine learning. Data reduction aims at deciding which features and instances from the training set should be retained for further use during the learning process. Data reduction results in increased capabilities and generalization properties of the learning model and a shorter time of the learning process. It can also help in scaling up to large data sources. The paper proposes an agent-based data reduction approach with the learning process executed by a team of agents (A-Team). Several A-Team architectures with agents executing the simulated annealing and tabu search procedures are proposed and investigated. The paper includes a detailed description of the proposed approach and discusses the results of a validating experiment.
Experimental analysis of some computation rules in a simple parallel reasoning system for the ALC description logic
Authors: Meissner Adam
Published: March 2011

Experimental analysis of some computation rules in a simple parallel reasoning system for theALCdescription logic

A computation rule determines the order of selecting premises during an inference process. In this paper we empirically analyse three particular computation rules in a tableau-based, parallel reasoning system for theALCdescription logic, which is built in the relational programming model in the Oz language. The system is constructed in the lean deduction style, namely, it has the form of a small program containing only basic mechanisms, which assure soundness and completeness of reasoning. In consequence, the system can act as a convenient test-bed for comparing various inference algorithms and their elements. We take advantage of this property and evaluate the studied methods of selecting premises with regard to their efficiency and speedup, which can be obtained by parallel processing.
Algebraic approach for model decomposition: Application to fault detection and isolation in discrete-event systems
Authors: Berdjag Denis , Cocquempot Vincent , Christophe Cyrille , Shumsky Alexey , Zhirabok Alexey
Published: March 2011

Algebraic approach for model decomposition: Application to fault detection and isolation in discrete-event systems

This paper presents a constrained decomposition methodology with output injection to obtain decoupled partial models. Measured process outputs and decoupled partial model outputs are used to generate structured residuals for Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI). An algebraic framework is chosen to describe the decomposition method. The constraints of the decomposition ensure that the resulting partial model is decoupled from a given subset of inputs. Set theoretical notions are used to describe the decomposition methodology in the general case. The methodology is then detailed for discrete-event model decomposition using pair algebra concepts, and an extension of the output injection technique is used to relax the conservatism of the decomposition.
Stability of impulsive Hopfield neural networks with Markovian switching and time-varying delays
Authors: Raja Ramachandran , Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Anthoni Selvaraj , Kim Hyunsoo
Published: March 2011

Stability of impulsive Hopfield neural networks with Markovian switching and time-varying delays

The paper is concerned with stability analysis for a class of impulsive Hopfield neural networks with Markovian jumping parameters and time-varying delays. The jumping parameters considered here are generated from a continuous-time discrete-state homogenous Markov process. By employing a Lyapunov functional approach, new delay-dependent stochastic stability criteria are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The proposed criteria can be easily checked by using some standard numerical packages such as the Matlab LMI Toolbox. A numerical example is provided to show that the proposed results significantly improve the allowable upper bounds of delays over some results existing in the literature.
Simple environment for developing methods of controlling chaos in spatially distributed systems
Authors: Korus Łukasz
Published: March 2011

Simple environment for developing methods of controlling chaos in spatially distributed systems

The paper presents a simple mathematical model called a coupled map lattice (CML). For some range of its parameters, this model generates complex, spatiotemporal behavior which seems to be chaotic. The main purpose of the paper is to provide results of stability analysis and compare them with those obtained from numerical simulation. The indirect Lyapunov method and Lyapunov exponents are used to examine the dependence on initial conditions. The net direction phase is introduced to measure the symmetry of the system state trajectory. In addition, a real system, which can be modeled by the CML, is presented. In general, this article describes basic elements of environment, which can be used for creating and examining methods of chaos controlling in systems with spatiotemporal dynamics.
Hierarchical residue number systems with small moduli and simple converters
Authors: Tomczak Tadeusz
Published: March 2011

Hierarchical residue number systems with small moduli and simple converters

In this paper, a new class of Hierarchical Residue Number Systems (HRNSs) is proposed, where the numbers are represented as a set of residues modulo factors of 2k± 1 and modulo 2k. The converters between the proposed HRNS and the positional binary number system can be built as 2-level structures using efficient circuits designed for the RNS (2k- 1, 2k, 2k+ 1). This approach allows using many small moduli in arithmetic channels without large conversion overhead. The advantages resulting from the use of the proposed HRNS depend on the possibility of factorisation of moduli 2k± 1.
KHM clustering technique as a segmentation method for endoscopic colour images
Authors: Frąckiewicz Mariusz , Palus Henryk
Published: March 2011

KHM clustering technique as a segmentation method for endoscopic colour images

In this paper, the idea of applying thek-harmonic means (KHM) technique in biomedical colour image segmentation is presented. Thek-means (KM) technique establishes a background for the comparison of clustering techniques. Two original initialization methods for both clustering techniques and two evaluation functions are described. The proposed method of colour image segmentation is completed by a postprocessing procedure. Experimental tests realized on real endoscopic colour images show the superiority of KHM over KM.
“New People in a New World”?: Defoe's Ambivalent Narratives of Emigration
Authors: Bartolomeo Joseph F.
Published: March 2011

Daniel Defoe's Moll Flanders and Colonel Jack, both published in 1722, have often been read as propaganda for emigration, transportation of criminals, and involuntary servitude. Both title characters find financial security and social status after being transported as indentured servants, and they eventually return to England. Each protagonist, however, makes an additional transatlantic journey out of choice rather than necessity, which paradoxically leads to greater risk and a more coercive atmosphere. Defoe complicates matters further by reversing the order of these journeys in the two novels, thus qualifying and in some respects subverting a purely optimistic view of colonial prospects. And while both Moll and Jack clearly distinguish themselves from African slaves, each is subject to more subtle forms of subjugation because of the connectedness of a transatlantic world that proves surprisingly small.
Clarissa and the Hazards of the Gift
Authors: Zionkowski Linda
Published: March 2011

Most modern readings of Clarissa agree that the novel portrays a profound change in social institutions as traditional family life is vitiated by the increasing impetus towards capital accumulation; operating in tandem, the system of primogeniture and the competition for wealth and status undermine cohesion within kinship groups and in particular deny daughters their customary share of emotional and financial resources. Clarissa's objectification and exploitation, however, arise not from the ethos of possessive individualism and the pursuit of self-interest, but from the discursive system of moral obligation and gift exchange—the very practices that supposedly establish and maintain affective relationships. In its portrayal of the gift economy, Clarissa investigates the unstable ideological power of donation, obligation, and reciprocity: while this economy supports the patriarchal household and enables its adaptability to changing material circumstances, in the hands of Clarissa herself it eventually serves as a weapon for the destruction of that household.
Henry Fielding Reinvents the Afterlife
Authors: Janes Regina M.
Published: March 2011

In Journey from This World to the Next (1743), his most extensive play with fictive afterlives, Henry Fielding transforms classical models so as to prepare the way for later popular Christian beliefs about the afterlife that had yet to take hold. Enacting through a classical form hopes that in the next century will be accepted as popular Christian cliché, he indicates as he does so that his inventions might be taken to have implications for orthodoxy. Such popular dissenting writers as Isaac Watts and Elizabeth Singer Rowe had limned the Christian heaven in order to console the bereaved, but Fielding, protected by a classical form, is able to press desires still further into modern shapes. By toying inventively with classical afterlives, modifying Plato, altering Lucian, re-conceptualizing Ovid, he hybridizes classic conceptions and Christian anticipations. Christian orthodoxy is not violated—the context is classical—but its sense of possibility is stretched.
“Women Love to Have Their Own Way”: Delusion, Volition, and “Freaks” of Sight in Tabitha Tenney's Female Quixotism
Authors: Harris W.C.
Published: March 2011

Without denying the conservatism of Female Quixotism on such themes as class and nationality, this essay attends to contradictory impulses in the text that work against retrenchment and mark this novel as relatively progressive on matters of gender. Female Quixotism can easily be read as an indictment of sentimental novels and their reputed deleterious effects on female readers or, in a more progressive vein, as a counter to that attack. Tenney addresses not simply the isolation of women who read sentimental fiction but that of all educated women. In this essay, I read Dorcasina as a comic figure who nonetheless registers sober truths about the affective and social options that women faced in late eighteenth-century America. Do the delusions of Tenney's heroine enable intentionality and permit some degree of control over one's story? A lack of such control is precisely what early American seduction novels obsessively and simultaneously mourned and exhorted to the (female) reading public.
La propriété foncière dans l'évêché de Rennes au XVIIIe siècle : un essai d'analyse cartographique
Authors: Cocaud Martine , Lecoq Corinne
Published: March 2011

Le dépouillement d'un grand nombre de déclarations et de rôles du vingtième permet de reconstituer les structures foncières au XVIIIe. Nous présentons le résultat de ce travail sous forme de cartes pour l'Ille et Vilaine. L'objectif est de présenter un outil de travail à associer à d'autres recherches. Les thèmes abordés dans ces cartes sont : la répartition selon la valeur de la propriété, les différents modes de faire valoir ainsi que l'origine sociale et géographique des propriétaires.
Une congrégation aux ambitions modestes : les Montfortains aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles
Authors: Pérouas Louis
Published: March 2011

Bien connus dans l'Ouest comme prédicateurs de missions, les Montfortains sont restés longtemps une congrégation aux dimensions modestes : une douzaine au XVIIIe siècle, 55 en 1880, sans compter les frères manuels, alors quatre fois plus nombreux, ce qui en fait une congrégation cléricale atypique. Ce faible développement est dû, pour une part, au manque de personnalités, mis à part Gabriel Deshayes, entre 1822 et 1841, qui gauchit l'orientation originelle. II faut attendre la fin du XIXe siècle pour que les prêtres dépassent la centaine, grâce surtout à l'action de François Denis qui, tout à la fois, envoie des missionnaires hors de France, ouvre un juvénat et développe un élément essentiel du message du fondateur, la dévotion mariale jusque-là laissée dans l'ombre.
Infrared receptors in pyrophilous (“fire loving”) insects as model for new un-cooled infrared sensors
Authors: Klocke David , Schmitz Anke , Soltner Helmut , Bousack Herbert , Schmitz Helmut
Published: March 2011

Beetles of the genus Melanophila and certain flat bugs of the genus Aradus actually approach forest fires. For the detection of fires and of hot surfaces the pyrophilous species of both genera have developed infrared (IR) receptors, which have developed from common hair mechanoreceptors. Thus, this type of insect IR receptor has been termed photomechanic and shows the following two special features: (i) The formation of a complex cuticular sphere consisting of an outer exocuticular shell as well as of a cavernous microfluidic core and (ii) the enclosure of the dendritic tip of the mechanosensitive neuron inside the core in a liquid-filled chamber. Most probably a photomechanic IR sensillum acts as a microfluidic converter of infrared radiation which leads to an increase in internal pressure inside the sphere, which is measured by a mechanosensitive neuron.

A simple model for this biological IR sensor is a modified Golay sensor in which the gas has been replaced by a liquid. Here, the absorbed IR radiation results in a pressure increase of the liquid and the deflection of a thin membrane. For the evaluation of this model analytical formulas are presented, which permits the calculation of the pressure increase in the cavity, the deformation of the membrane and the time constant of an artificial leak to compensate ambient temperature changes. Some organic liquids with high thermal expansion coefficients may improve the deflection of the membrane compared to water.
Growth of young-of-the-year European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, L.) in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Aldanondo Naroa , Cotano Unai , Etxebeste Egoitz
Published: March 2011

Otolith daily increment analysis was used to describe the first growth season of young-of-the-year anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) in the Bay of Biscay. Anchovy larvae and juveniles were sampled during their growth season over a three year period (2004, 2005 and 2006). A logistic curve was fitted to the length at age data. At the end of the first year of growth, length was 168.3 mm, with a maximum growth rate of 1.85 mm day -1 for 73 days after hatching. Moreover, a Gompertz growth model was applied to estimate otolith growth parameters. At the end of the first year the otolith radius was 1759 μm, with a maximum growth increment of 22.19 μm day-1 observed 56 days after hatching. Standard length and otolith radius were closely related; however, this relationship showed a characteristic change from exponential in the larval stage to linear in the juvenile stage.
Temporal changes in the diet of deep-water Penaeoidean shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris and Aristeus antennatus) off Algeria (southwestern Mediterranean)
Authors: Nouar Ahmed , Kennouche Hanane , Ainoucheand Nawel , Cartes Joan E.
Published: March 2011

With the aim of analyzing the trophic dynamics of deep-sea shrimp over the central Algerian slope, stomach contents of 219 individuals of Parapenaeus longirostris and 263 Aristeus antennatus were collected at night at depths between 200 and 400 m on a seasonal scale in 2007. Fullness (f), which is a measure of feeding intensity, showed significant seasonal changes in Aristeus antennatus, and the highest f was found in pre-reproductive periods (3.3% in January; 3.0% in April) before the beginning of gonad maturation (April-September in the area). This trend was coupled with the period of high surface productivity off the central Algerian coast (November-April). In that pre-reproductive period A. antennatus consumed more crustaceans (e.g. large decapods such as Processa sp.) with a high energetic value. These kinds of seasonal oscillations in f were not found in P. longirostris, probably because it was distributed shallower than A. antennatus and does not have a single marked peak in its reproductive cycle. The dietary composition of P. longirostris and A. antennatus was clearly segregated in the MDS analysis, which suggests there is good resource partitioning between the two species. Foraminiferans, bivalves and polychaetes were the most frequent prey in the diet of both P. longirostris and A. antennatus. Small micro and mesoplankton prey (radiolarians, tintinnids, copepods and pteropods) were more important in the diet of P. longirostris, while A. antennatus fed more on benthos. Planktonic prey found in the diet of the two shrimp were more frequent in January-February and April-May, e.g. in periods of higher water homogeneity coupled with periods of higher surface production. The large contribution of zooplankton to the diet of the deep-water shrimp over Algerian slopes is probably due to the importance of eddies in the area, which may enhance water column production locally. The high surface temperature (lowest T in January of 15.2°C) may accelerate the degradation of the organic matter that reaches Algerian slope bottoms, thus reducing the biomass of macrobenthos. We hypothesized that this low availability of benthic food resources may favour night time migratory movements by benthopelagic shrimp off the Algerian coast in search of more productive, shallow bottoms.
A field experiment on the reproductive success of the invasive clam Mya arenaria (Bivalvia) in the Tagus estuary: coexistence with the native clam Scrobicularia plana
Authors: Conde Anxo , Novais Júlio M. , Domínguez Jorge
Published: March 2011

A three month field experiment with tidal level (upper, middle, lower) and treatment (excavated and not excavated plots) as categorical experimental factors showed that the invasive clam Mya arenaria has reached a more advanced stage in the invasion process in the Tagus estuary. As we observed the smallest recruited juveniles of Mya arenaria (2 mm) throughout the study period, we concluded that the clam is capable of reproducing in the new habitat. Juveniles of both Mya arenaria and the bivalve Scrobicularia plana were found to avoid excavated experimental plots, showing a significantly higher abundance in the control plots. These data, strongly suggest that the recruited bivalves actively avoid unsuitable substrata. Juvenile specimens of Mya arenaria were more abundant in the mid-intertidal zone. However, juvenile specimens of Scrobicularia plana were mainly distributed in the upper intertidal level, which suggests that they have a different settlement behaviour from that observed for the juveniles of the invasive clam. Despite the divergent distribution between the juveniles of the two species in the study site, the possible interaction between these two species is considered and discussed.
Biodiversity of deep-sea demersal megafauna in western and central Mediterranean basins
Authors: Tecchio Samuele , Ramírez-Llodra Eva , Sardà Francisco , Company Joan Baptista
Published: March 2011

Abundance, biomass and diversity patterns of bathyal and abyssal Mediterranean megafauna (fishes and invertebrates) were analyzed in the western Balearic Sea, the western Ionian Sea and the eastern Ionian Sea. Sampling was conducted with a Otter-trawl Maireta System (OTMS) at depths ranging from 600 to 4000 m. A series of ecological indicators were computed: total abundance and biomass, Margalef species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou’s index of evenness. A multidimensional scaling was applied, indicating that the megafauna communities were grouped by depth, while geographic area had a less defined influence. Margalef richness declined with depth in all three areas, but more steeply in the western Ionian Sea. Pielou’s evenness behaved differently in the three zones, showing a V-shaped curve in the eastern Ionian while showing a decreasing pattern in the other two areas. At lower slope depths, massive presence of the fishes Alepocephalus rostratus in the western basin and Bathypterois mediterraneus in the central basin caused a sharp reduction in evenness.
Module Partition and Application for Printed Circuit Board High Speed Drilling Machine
Authors: Tang Hong Qun , Wang Cheng Yong , Wang Bing , Su F. , Ma Ping , Song Yue Xian
Published: March 2011

The target of this paper is to design a high speed drilling machine suitable for printed circuit board with micro-hole of 0.1 mm diameter, which has drilling force measuring function and rapid change spindle function. Therefore, in this paper, the main principles of module partition for drilling machine were analyzed. Module partition was conducted for high speed drilling machine of Printed Circuit Board (PCB), as well as using modular components combine PCB high speed drilling machine. Then, performance testing and simulation of dynamic modeling were carried out on the modular PCB high speed drilling machine. The results show that the modular PCB high speed drilling machine has good performance, enough stiffness, better stability and meeting the design requirements. The modular partition laid the foundation for further study on the module creation and reconfiguration of PCB drilling machine.
Experimental Study and Theory Prediction on Adiabatic Shear Critical Conditions of Fe-36Ni Invar Alloy
Authors: Li Guo He , Wang Min Jie
Published: March 2011

Orthogonal cutting experiments of Fe-36Ni invar alloy are performed to investigate the influence of cutting conditons on adiabtic shear, which occurs in the process of chip formation of many materials. It is found that the cutting speed, cutting depth and rake angle all have influence on adiabatic shear and there is a critical cutting speed at which the adiabatic shear appears. By metallurgical observation, the critical cutting speed under different cutting depth and rake angles are given. A model based on linear pertubation analysis is used to predict the adiabatic shear critical ctting conditions of Fe-36Ni invar alloy. The comparison of prediction results and that of expriments shows that this prediction model is available.
Research of Cutter Geometric Parameter Effect on Machining Stability Area in High Speed Milling Process
Authors: Wu Shi , Jia D.K. , Liu X.L. , Jiang Y.C. , Li Y.F.
Published: March 2011

In this paper, modal analysis of ball end mills is modeled by finite element to work out natural frequency and chatter model in tooling system and to calculate the limit curve of stability in single degree freedom system. The effect of cutter flute length and cutter tooth number on limit curve of stability in single degree freedom system is also discussed. The research results show that steady critical cutting depth of milling system declines while the cutter flute length increases, but the trend is not linear, which shows increase partly. An engineering optimization design is made on milling cutter geometrical parameters based on this conclusion.
A Viscometer Based on Velocity Attenuation of Rotary Cylinder
Authors: Wang Hong Bo , Yao Ying Xue , Zhou L.
Published: March 2011

A viscometer based on velocity attenuation of rotating cylinder is presented in the paper. A solid rotor motor drives the cylinder immersed in liquid in a cup to a scheduled velocity. The electricity supply of the motor is cut, the velocity of the cylinder with rotor of the motor attenuates with time because of viscous torque and other resistance torque. The velocity is measured by optical encoder. Viscosity of the fluid was calculated by a computer. Experiments are carried out and results show that deviation of viscosity beyond 1000 mPa•s are below 3%. The viscometer can be used in measurement of viscosity beyond 1000 mPa•s in industry.
Experimental Study on the Surface Roughness with Mill-Grinding SiC Particle Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites
Authors: Li Jian Guang , Du Jin Guang , Zhao Hang
Published: March 2011

In view of the present machining status of SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites, the electroplated diamond wheel (80# diamond grit) was used for mill-grinding the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites and the effect of speed ratio (q) and material removal rate (MRR) on surface roughness was studied based on experiments. The experimental results show that surface roughness almost increases with the increase of speed ratio. At the same material removal rate, surface roughness increases when raising material removal rate by raising feed rate singlely or raising depth of mill-grinding singlely; surface roughness has decreasing trend with raising material removal rate by increasing feed rate and depth of mill-grinding at the same time.
Research on Compound Servo Drive Control of Heavy Loading Feed Table
Authors: Long Ze Ming , Guo S.Q. , Chen G.J. , Xiao F.
Published: March 2011

This paper described a new compound servo drive structure and control method of heavy loading feeding table. Feed and location of table are controlled by ball screw through the Servo motor, who’s mainly responsibility is for the movement positioning accuracy of the feed table; Moreover, the table has added a set of servo-hydraulic cylinder driver assistance systems. The two systems are synchronized by the mutual control, the stress situation and wear of the ball screw servo feed with the heavy loading can be improved, thus the dynamic response characteristics and long-term positioning accuracy of the servo feed table can be improved ,addition to, the life of ball bearings and machine tools guide can be enhanced.
FEM Prediction of Chip Morphology during the Machining of Particulates Reinforced Al Matrix Composites
Authors: Guo H. , Wang Dong , Zhou Li
Published: March 2011

Chip morphology and segmentation play a predominant role in determining the machinability and tool wear during the machining of SiC particulates reinforced Al matrix composites. In this paper, a 2D coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model was used for simulating the segmented chip formation at different cutting conditions. The generation of segmentation is achieved by element erase and the shear failure, as well as the continuous adaptive remeshing technical. The results show that the chip is often discontinuous at lower cutting speeds, and with the increasing of the cutting speed, the chip becomes serrated. Fundamental observations from the simulations are concluded and a guideline for further research is proposed.
Software System Development of Measurement and Control System for a Nonlinear Absorber by Virtual Instrument
Authors: Zhu Cong Ling , Jin Wei Zhu , Ci D.R. , Ding Zhi Gang , Wu S.T.
Published: March 2011

Measurement and control system is the key equipment for testing and analyzing of the dynamic characteristics for a nonlinear absorber.It is the necessary means of accomplishing to design the rationalization of the nonlinear absorber. This article has conducted the detailed research in the new development of absorber test equipment to the desing of system structure, The constituent of software system, and The process design, and The development of the computer program based on virtual techniques. Debugging and running this software system have shown that the precision and reliability of it have been proved.
The Experimental Research about the Influence of High Moisture Extrusion on Texture of Product
Authors: Sun P.L. , Sun Z.L. , Jia F.G. , Sun Y. , Cao Y.
Published: March 2011

The high-emulation meat with 60% ~ 80% moisture content made use of high humidity extrusion technology. The effect of extrusion system parameters (extrusion temperature, screw rpm , moisture content and soybean protein isolate content) on product texture was studied. Results showed that: protein isolate content had the largest impact on elastic and hardness of the product. And screw speed mainly affected the chew of product. With the increasing of protein isolate content, hardness and elastic decreased and flexibility increased first and then decreased. Hardness and chewiness of product decreased with the increasing of moisture content. With the increasing of extrusion temperature, hardness decreased, flexibility increased first and then decreased, and chewiness decreased. Elastic increased and chewiness decreased with the increasing of screw speed.
Comparison of Multi-Frequency Phase Unwrapping Algorithm for Shape Measurement Using Digital Fringe Projection
Authors: He Wan Tao , Meng Xiang Lin , Guo Yan Yan , Zhao Can
Published: March 2011

As technology development, projected digital fringe pattern is widely used in measuring three- dimensional (3D) shape, even in the presence of surface discontinuities. This paper investigates the reliability and accuracy of two multi-frequency phase unwrapping algorithms by experimental means. The first, which unwraps through a sequence of phase maps produced with exponentially change in spatial frequency with time, is found to be less robust and accuracy than the second, which only use three different frequency to beat new frequency for unwrapping the phase. Through experiment, the best frequency, adjacent ratio for the first method and frequency difference for the second method are proposed for the high efficiency and accuracy measurement.
Progressive Tool Failure in High Speed End Milling of Inconel 718 with Coated Carbide Inserts
Authors: Li An Hai , Zhao Jun , Pei Z.Q. , Guo S.G.
Published: March 2011

The failure progression of coated carbide tools in end milling of Inconel 718 superalloy was investigated. Tool wear was measured and failure mechanisms were discussed in the experimental process periodically. The experimental results indicated that the tool failure mechanisms were synergistic interaction among abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and fatigue wear. However, abrasive wear and adhesive wear were the main failure mechanisms at the beginning, fatigue wear prevailed the upper hand around the time when edge chipping appeared, and after edge chipping abrasive wear and adhesive wear dominated until the failure time. In addition, the macroscopic failure of the cutting tools is closely correlated to the nucleation and propagation of the crack under cyclic mechanical and thermal impact forces. Mechanical fatigue wear was the key form of fatigue wear at lower cutting speed, while at higher cutting speed thermal fatigue wear was the dominant fatigue wear.
Parametric Design of Face Milling Cutter Based on UG Template Model
Authors: Ji Sheng Yuan , Liu Xian Li , Ma Dian Lin , Ding Yun Peng , Wu J.
Published: March 2011

UG template model-based parametric design method plays an important role in improving face milling cutter design efficiency and ensuring design accuracy. Three kinds of parameter design method are described in this paper. Parametric design of series for face milling cutters is completed with UG software and UG template model, moreover, user menu and an interactive window are customized, which improves design efficiency and accuracy of face milling cutter. Meanwhile, this study can provide reference for more model design and functional development.
Ball-End Milling Force Modeling and Simulation Based on Cutting Path Optimization Experiments
Authors: Zhao Xing Fa , Liu Xian Li , Jia D.K. , Ding Ke
Published: March 2011

Modeling and simulation of ball-end milling cutter has an important means in studying milling process characteristics. Most scholars ignore practicability analysis before modeling, according to this, modeling and simulation of optimization path is proposed based on cutting path optimization experiment in this paper, which simplifies modeling and simulation and makes model development and practical application have more pertinence and practicality.
Cutting Forces of PCB Supported Hole
Authors: Huang Li Xin , Wang Cheng Yong , Yang L.P. , Zheng L.J. , Song Yue Xian
Published: March 2011

A printed circuit board or PCB consists of conducting layers typically made of thin copper foil and insulating layers laminated together. Holes through a PCB are typically drilled with tiny drill bits made of solid tungsten carbide. This paper focuses on cutting forces of drilling PCB. The influences of cutting speeds, feed rate and drill diameter on thrust force are investigated. Finally the drilling force experimental formula’s mathematical model is derived.
A Review on Drilling Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Zheng L.J. , Wang Cheng Yong , Song Yue Xian , Yang L.P. , Qu Y.P. , Ma Ping , Fu L.Y.
Published: March 2011

Drilling is a particularly complicated machining process, and it becomes much more complicated when the workpiece is printed circuit boards (PCBs). PCB is composite materials with anisotropy. Even a small defect in PCB may cause great losses. Both the drilling process and PCB structure design have been researched by many scholars. But the investigations into the drilling processes of PCB are not systematic. The present review article address the report about tool materials and geometrics, cutting force, cutting temperature, radial run-out and damages occurring in drilling processes. And as a conclusion, some of these critical issues are proposed to meet the challenges in analysis and optimization for PCB drilling.
Research on the Application and Design of Special Tools of the Hydrogenated Cylindrical Shell
Authors: He Geng Huang , Liu Xian Li , Yan Fu Gang , Hai Y.S.Z. , Li M.
Published: March 2011

Both the heavy cutting process and the importance of the chip control are discussed. Through analyzing the characteristics of the rough machining of the hydrogenated cylindrical shell, both the structure and the material of the turning tool for rough machining are designed. To test and verify the feasibility study on them, the contrast experiment between the new-type turning tool and the reference substance in cutting the 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel which is the material of hydrogenated cylindrical shell is made, then the service life and the chip-breaking performance of the tool are compared. Finally, the technical reference to design the new-type turning tools is summarized.
A Wireless System for Cutting Temperature Measurement
Authors: Liu Z.J. , Quan Yan Ming , Liang Liang
Published: March 2011

The transferring of electronic signal from rotating work piece or cutter presents a challenge problem. In this paper, a wireless communication method is proposed to transmit signal from rotating bodies. The corresponding device including the signal input & transmission module and the signal receiving and processing module was fabricated. The working principle of the wireless system is introduced, and a series of experiment is set up to calibrate the system accuracy and to measure the cutting temperature of the rotating work piece. The experimental results show that the wireless system has a satisfactory reliability and temperature measurement accuracy.
Design and Strength Analysis of Ultra-High Speed Permanent Magnet DC Rotor
Authors: Xiao J.C. , Xiao S.H. , Wu H.
Published: March 2011

The sintered neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) material is used in most of PM machines. The kind of PM materials has small tensile strength and cannot withstand large centrifugal force due to high rotational velocity. A nonmagnetic steel enclosure is needed to cover the PM material. The tensile stress of the PM can reduced by pre-pressure applied to the outer surface of the PM through shrink-fitting into the enclosure. Based on the elasticity theory and the elastic-plastic contact theory, in soft ANSYS it is feasibility to establish a finite element mechanical model of interference fit between the enclosure and motor rotor PM at high rotating speed. This paper simulates the effects of the temperature and rotating speed (centrifugal force) on the displacement and the contact pressure on the interference-fitting surfaces .By finite element non-linear contact model analysis, if setting up right fit clearance, this paper could ensure the security of the PM rotor under rotational velocity up to 300,000 r/min high and temperature up to 150°C.
Friction and Wear Properties of WC-Co Cemented Carbide Sliding against Ti6Al4V Alloy in Nitrogen Gas
Authors: Zhao Wei , He N. , Li L.
Published: March 2011

Titanium alloys are known for their strong chemical reactivity with surrounding gas due to their high chemical affinity, especially in dry machining. But it is very difficult to study the influence of surrounding gas on the tool-workpiece interface because of the machining processes’ complexity. In this paper, rotating pin-on-disc friction tests have been carried out at room temperature in ambient air and nitrogen gas to investigate the friction and wear behavior of WC-Co cemented carbide sliding against Ti6Al4V alloy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) have been used to examine the worn surface of the WC-Co pin and Ti6Al4V disc. The result shows that, compared to air, nitrogen gas brings a slight decrease in coefficient of friction, but a significant deduction in wear of the pin and disc. The SEM observation and EDX analysis indicate a distinct difference in wear mechanism between the pin and disc. Severe grooved wear, squeezing, adhering and tearing interactions are the main mechanisms causing the extensive wear of Ti6Al4V disc. Abrasion, adhesion and “pulling out” are the main mechanisms resulting in the wear of WC-Co pin.
Research on Kinematics of High Speed Linear Feed System
Authors: Ma Ping , Tang Y.B. , Chen Z.H. , Huang J.J.
Published: March 2011

The feed unit is modeled with Solidworks entity, then the combined mechatronic simulation is studied with MATLAB and ADAMS, In this paper，control of information exchange was completed by defining the system input and output variables, it build a mechatronic integrated simulation platform of high speed linear feed system of type GD-3. The acceleration, velocity and displacement curve of linear feed system are simulated and compared with experimental results on optimization of parameters. The results indicate that the mechatronic integrated simulation of virtual prototyping can better analyze and evaluate the velocity and displacement Kinematics characteristics of high-speed linear feed system, the acceleration different between the simulation and experimental is 10.71 percent and the virtual prototyping simulation is verified to be a new approach for analysis of the kinematics characteristics of the high-speed linear feed system.
A New 2D NC System of Thermal Cutting Machine
Authors: Jiang Y.C. , Zhang C.L. , Liang Q.Y. , Yang C.H.
Published: March 2011

In order to develop an China-made high-performance thermal cutting numerical control(NC) system, the thermal cutting process characteristic is analyzed and an open, general-purpose thermal cutting 2D CNC system architecture is proposed, the hardware and software platforms are build, the functional modules of CNC system is developed and the machining test is done. The test results show that the CNC system is stable and powerful. it also has a high machining precision and can meet the need of thermal cutting.
The Structural Design and Analysis of the Rock Hob Test-Bed
Authors: Zhao K.J. , Cui Zheng Xing , Zhang Ke , Zhao De Hong , Sun Hong
Published: March 2011

Hob plays an important role in the efficiency of Tunnel Boring machine (TBM). In this paper, a rock hob test-bed is designed and developed by the software of SolidWorks, and analysis of force and deformation of the test-bed is carried by the finite element method.The new rock hob test-bed includes the framework、moving workbench and its hydraulic system、hob saddle system and its hydraulic system, and measurement and control system. The improvement methods of the structure to decrease the maximum stress are showed in this paper. The research shows that the structural design of the rock hob test-bed is reasonable; its function meets experimental requirements of rock cutting; in the case of maximum load, the stress and deformation of the rock hob test-bed are less than their allowable value of materials. The research results are very helpful to understand the working mechanism and improving the structure design of the cutter-head of TBM.
Analysis on the Impact of the Error Mapping for Structural Parameters of Parallel Machine Tool
Authors: Wei Yong Geng , Wang Zhong Xian
Published: March 2011

In order to improve the 6-DOF parallel machine tool motion accuracy and reduce error, the impact of the error mapping for Structural Parameters of Parallel Machine Tool is analyzed. The fixing platform and the moving platform of 6-DOF PMT are linked by six variable-length rod with the kinematic pair (hooke hinge or hooke hinge). By changing the length of the drive rod, causing moving platform position and attitude change, a variety of motion can be simulated and emulated. If the cut tool is installed on the moving platform, the various surface parts can be machined, shown in Figure 1. The above figure shown, in order to obtain the moving platform trajectory, we need measure hooke hinge space position of the fixing platform and the moving platform[1]. There are 6 hooke hinges on the fixing platform and there are 3 parameters (x, y, z) on every hooke hinge. There are 6 hooke hinges on the moving platform and there are 3 parameters (x, y, z) on every hooke hinge. So a total of 12 hooke hinges positions (36 parameters) need be measured. Due to the actual processing, assembly and measurement error, the actual measured values and theoretical values for 36 parameters can not be a complete match and lead to the moving platform errors. This paper will study the 36 parameters on the impact of mapping errors. Firstly, the error mapping formula between drive rod and the moving platform for PMT is established, secondly the performance evaluation index of the error mapping is deducted, and then the relationship between 36 parameters and the error mapping index is established. At last, to the different types of PMT structures and structural parameters, the ideal structural parameters with the aid of the performance evaluation index are optimized.
Surface Roughness Prediction in Turning of Free Machining Steel 1215 by Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Cai Xiao Jiang , Liu Z.Q. , Wang Q.C. , Han Shu , An Qing Long , Chen Ming
Published: March 2011

Surface roughness is a significant aspect of the surface integrity concept. It is efficient to predict the surface roughness in advance by a prediction model. In this study, artificial neural network is used to model the surface roughness in turning of free machining steel 1215. The inputs considered in the prediction ANN model were cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut, and the output was Ra. Several feed-forward neural networks with different architectures were compared in terms of prediction accuracy, and then the best prediction model, a 3-4-1-1 ANN was capable of predicting Ra with a mean squared error 5.46%, was presented.
Cutter/Work Interference and Surface Generation in Ball End Milling
Authors: Obikawa Toshiyuki , Senoda Tetsuri
Published: March 2011

Prediction of cutting performance in ball end milling of free form surfaces is increasingly important for selecting the optimum conditions in high speed machining. In this paper, a simulator for ball end milling was developed using a precise cutter model, which consisted of rake and flank faces and chisel edges. Then, the swept volume with the cutter was calculated for each time increment and removed to update the shape of the in-process workpiece. Through this process, the detail topographies of finished surfaces were obtained for different cutting conditions and tool postures. The removal rates of workpiece with rake face and other faces were also calculated at any moment of increment.
High Speed Machining: A Review from a Viewpoint of Chip Formation
Authors: Obikawa Toshiyuki , Anzai Masahiro , Egawa Tsuneo , Narutaki Norihiko , Shintani Kazuhiro , Takeoka Etsuo
Published: March 2011

This paper describes strong nonlinearity in log V-log L relationship, which is often found in machining of supperalloys, titanium alloys, hardened steels, cast irons, etc. The nonlinearity plays an important and favorable role in extension of life-span cutting distance at higher cutting speeds; that is, in a certain range of cutting speed, life-span cutting distance increases with cutting speed. Results of tool wear in a sliding test and cutting experiments, which showed the evidences of strong nonlinearity, were investigated and the mechanisms causing the nonlinearity were discussed.
Robotic High Speed Machining of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Zaghbani Imed , Lamraoui M. , Songmene V. , Thomas M. , El Badaoui M.
Published: March 2011

The robotic machining is one of the most versatile manufacturing technologies. Its emerging helped to reduce the machining cost of complex parts. However, its application is sometimes limited due to the low rigidity of the robot. This low stiffness leads to high level of vibrations that limit the quality and the precision of the machined parts. In the present study, the vibration response of a robotic machining system was investigated. To do so, a new method based on the variation of spindle speed was introduced for machining operation and a new process stability criterion (CS) based on acceleration energy distribution and force signal was proposed for analysis. With the proposed method the vibrations and the cutting force signals were collected and analyzed to find a reliable dynamic stability machining domain. The proposed criterion and method were validated using data obtained during high speed robotic machining of 7075-T6 blocks. It was found that the ratio of the periodic energy on the total energy (either vibrations or cutting forces) is a good indicator for defining the degree of stability of the machining process. Besides, it was observed that the spindle speed with the highest ratio stability criterion is the one that has the highest probability to generate the best surface finish. The proposed method is rapid and permits to avoid trial-error tests during robot programming.
Thermal Analysis of High Speed Built-In Spindle by Finite Element Method
Authors: Ma Ping , Zhou Biao , Li D.N. , Xiao S.H. , Wang Cheng Yong
Published: March 2011

In this paper，the characteristics of GD-II built-in motorized spindle is introduced；the thermal features of the frameless motor and the hybrid bearings have been studied；the 2D temperature field model has also been developed by finite element method．The results of the calculation show that a good efficiency of heat transferring has been achieved with the oil-air lubrication and oil-water heat exchanger．