bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the second-generation whole-heart motion correction algorithm (SSF2) used to demonstrate the aortic annulus on cardiac CT
Authors: Matsumoto Yoriaki , Fujioka Chikako , Yokomachi Kazushi , Kitera Nobuo , Nishimaru Eiji , Kiguchi Masao , Higaki Toru , Kawashita Ikuo , Tatsugami Fuminari , Nakamura Yuko , Awai Kazuo
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To investigate the usefulness of the second-generation whole-heart motion correction algorithm (SnapShot Freeze 2.0, SSF2) for demonstrating the aortic annulus at pre-transcatheter aortic valve implantation cardiac CT.

Method

We retrospectively analyzed 90 patients with severe aortic stenosis who had undergone cardiac CT on a 256-row CT scanner. The patients were divided into the 3 groups based on their heart rate during the scan (low, < 60 bpm, n = 30; intermediate, 60-69 bpm, n = 30; high, >70 bpm, n = 30). Image datasets were obtained at 40% and 75% of the R-R interval using standard and SSF2 reconstruction. The edge rise distance (ERD) on the CT attenuation profile of the aortic annulus was compared on images subjected to standard- and SSF2 reconstructions. The standard deviations (SD) of area and perimeter were compared using the F-test. The image quality was assessed by two observers using a 5-point Likert score.

Results

In patients with intermediate and high heart rates, the ERD was significantly shorter on SSF2- than standard reconstructed images (p < 0.01). The SD of area and perimeter were significantly smaller in SSF2 reconstruction than in standard (all: p < 0.05). Except for R-R interval 75% in patients with low heart rate (p = 0.54), the image quality scores were significantly higher for images reconstructed with SSF2 than standard (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

For the demonstration of the aortic annulus in patients with high heart rate or a 40% R-R interval, SSF2- was superior to standard reconstruction.
Assembly line-Seru conversion in the C2M enterprise: an empirical study in China
Authors: Shan Hongying , Qin Mengyao , Zou Cungang , Peng Peiyang , Meng Zunyan
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To respond to customer needs and achieve customized manufacturing, the manufacturing industry, as represented by electronics assembly companies, has embarked on a path of business model transformation (customer to manufacturer [C2M]). The purpose of this paper is to examine the practical application of assembly line-Seru conversion in a Chinese electronics assembly company during the C2M transition.

Design/methodology/approach

To begin with, this paper proposed a production line improvement scheme suitable for the conversion of C2M manufacturing enterprise assembly line-Seru based on an analysis of the difficulties encountered in the existing production line of A company in China. Then, a mathematical model was presented for the minimum value of the makespan and the maximum workers’ expenditure between Serus. Finally, the SA-NSGA-II algorithm and the entropy-weight TOPSIS approach were used to determine the optimal scheme for Seru unit, batch, product type and worker distribution.

Findings

Seru production and multiskilled workers are more suited to the C2M business model. The most effective strategy for worker allocation can reduce the number of employees and makespan in Serus. Additionally, the performance of the SA-NSGA-II algorithm and the method of selecting the optimal solution from the Pareto solution by the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method is also demonstrated.

Practical implications

Through a detailed study of how to transform the production line, other companies can apply the methods outlined in this article to shorten the delivery time, make full use of the abilities of workers and assign workers to specific positions, thereby reducing the number of workers, workers’ expenditure and improving the balance rate of production lines.

Originality/value

Given the scarcity of studies on the production method of C2M-type firms in the prior literature, this paper examined the assembly line-Seru conversion problem with the goal of minimizing the makespan and worker expenditure. To address the NSGA-II algorithm’s insufficient convergence, the simulated annealing process is incorporated into the method, which improves the optimization performance.
Franchising variation across US states
Authors: Rickard Mary Kay , Conaway L. Brooke
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine whether variation in franchising across US states can be explained by differences in state regulatory burdens.

Design/methodology/approach

Three years of US state-level panel data is used on measures of franchising activity published by the International Franchise Association. The authors measured variation in regulatory burdens across state governments using the regulatory freedom index, developed by the Cato Institute. Multiple regression analysis was the statistical technique used.

Findings

Controlling for state-level per capita personal income, educational attainment, unemployment and share of population identifying as non-white, the authors find states with fewer regulatory burdens for business owners have more franchises and franchise jobs per 100,000 residents, higher franchise output per capita and a larger share of small businesses are franchises. These results were robust to alternative econometric specifications. The results support our hypothesis that states with lower regulatory burdens will have more franchising activity.

Research limitations/implications

Only three years of data are currently available; however, our research provides some practical avenues for managers and policy makers to explore when considering new franchise opportunities or developing policies that impact regulatory burdens for small businesses.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by providing supporting evidence for the relationship between US state institutional factors and franchised small businesses, and it adds a cross-state study to the existing literature using cross-country and cross-city data.
Exploring electronic lab notebooks (ELNs) at a R1 institution in the Southeast USA
Authors: Smith II Plato L.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to build a better understanding of researcher needs regarding support for data that you create, store, and/or manage using an electronic lab notebook (ELN), also referred to as electronic research notebook (ERN). The study also articulates the need for risk assessment for ELN products used by researchers for both open data and sensitive data that require standards.

Design/methodology/approach

The author used a participatory action research mixed-methods approach. A working group was formed from an ELN initial meeting. The working group team investigated several institutional ERN solutions by setting up trials, speaking with representatives from other research universities with ERN solutions and conducting internal and external research. This culminated in a broader-scale survey exploration.

Findings

Findings reveal there is no single institutional ELN license solution to satisfy all scientific disciplines. There is a need to develop foundational tools needed by all, provide additional tools and uses cases with best practices that can be tailored to various labs and research processes and develop a how-to guide on how to assemble the parts to create a useful ELN solution.

Research limitations/implications

The research implications include providing support for researchers selecting an ERN solution through a combination of online guides, short tutorials and training. There is a need to develop foundational tools, uses cases with best practices that can be tailored to various labs and research processes and how-to guide on how to assemble the parts to create a useful hybrid-ELN solution.

Practical implications

Practical implications include aligning available ERN solutions with other institution provided technologies across the research life cycle to provide researchers a suite of tools to conduct and manage their research. Further investigating educational license discounts for courses using eLabJournal, RSpace, Protocols.io, Open Science Framework, LabArchives or other ERNs currently funded by student course fees via grant funded projects are key implications.

Social implications

Social implications include the research computing environments of researchers that use ELN solutions approved through institutional risk assessment for open data are in compliance with university regulatory frameworks for use of the software in research.

Originality/value

The originality of this study includes risk assessments of ELNs solutions to better guide researchers in the selection process. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this survey was the first exploration of ELN on campus resulting in a final report to senior stakeholders. This study also highlights a developing grant proposal to further develop support across labs and campus.
Using a consumption function to explain the Lucas Critique to undergraduate students
Authors: Gomes da Silva Cleomar , Reis Gomes Fábio Augusto
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the teaching of undergraduate macroeconomics.

Design/methodology/approach

To suggest a roadmap, based on a consumption function, to be used by instructors willing to teach the Lucas Critique subject.

Findings

Therefore, this paper proposes a lesson, which consists of three parts, to help undergraduates better understand the subject: (1) a grading exercise to bring the topic closer to students’ lives; (2) a Keynesian and an optimal consumption function, followed by an example based on an unemployment insurance policy; and (3) two optional topics consisting of extensions of the optimal consumption function and some empirical results related to the Lucas Critique.

Originality/value

The Lucas Critique influenced the evolution of research in macroeconomics, but it is not easily grasped in a classroom.
Strategic opportunities for product-agnostic remanufacturing
Authors: Hofmeester Robin , Eyers Daniel R.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

There is now much emphasis in both research and practice on the principles of circular economies. In this paper remanufacturing is examined as a key enabler of circular practices, and the concept of “Product-Agnostic Manufacturing” (PAR) is proposed. This work differentiates PAR from many traditional approaches to remanufacturing by virtue of PAR's treatment of product variety. Most existing approaches to remanufacturing feature low variety and standardisation; this study instead suggests that the exploitation of flexibilities in both operations and supply chains leads to new competitive strategies for firms to exploit.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual study that builds on a thorough exploration of contemporary remanufacturing literature in the development of the new PAR concept.

Findings

Through a detailed literature review it is shown that there are a range of benefits, challenges, and critical success factors that underpin the remanufacturing concept. Building on this understanding and bridging literature in operations flexibility and supply chain design, a detailed discussion on the nature of PAR is provided, and an agenda for future research developed.

Originality/value

Whilst there has been much literature on remanufacturing, there is a general tendency to treat supply chain and remanufacturing operations quite distinctly in individual articles. Additionally, there has been little consideration of multi-product remanufacturing, and for the limited studies where this is done, the emphasis is typically on problem avoidance. This study aims to provide a detailed insight into the developed PAR concept, showing how the remanufacture of a wide range of product varieties may be achieved through flexible operations and supply chain design.
Impacts of R&D investment on absorptive capacity and firm innovativeness: contingent roles of dysfunctional competition
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhao Xiande , Yang Jinyu
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Drawing upon relative absorptive capacity (AC) perspective, this study proposes a research model connecting R&D investment, three types of supply chain AC—AC from suppliers, customers and university and research institutes (U&RIs)—and firm innovativeness and investigates the contingent effects of dysfunctional competition on the link between R&D investment and supply chain AC.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used data collected from 262 manufacturers in three areas of China to empirically examine the conceptual model. The corresponding hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling and regression analysis.

Findings

The empirical results demonstrate that AC from customers and AC from U&RIs play significant mediating roles in the relationship between R&D investment and firm innovativeness. Moreover, R&D investment has a significantly greater effect on AC from U&RIs under high levels of dysfunctional competition.

Originality/value

First, by conceptualizing AC from a relative view, this study discloses the unique roles of knowledge from different supply chain partners in realizing the benefits of R&D investment in innovation. Second, the exploration of the contingent roles of dysfunctional competition in the emerging economy of China enriches insights on the roles of institutional environment on knowledge absorption and the knowledge on relative AC in emerging economies.
Predictors of continuance intention of online food delivery services: gender as moderator
Authors: Francioni Barbara , Curina Ilaria , Hegner Sabrina M. , Cioppi Marco
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The COVID-19 has brought with it valuable opportunities for the retail sector. Notably, online channels have assumed a key role for businesses that can rely less on physical channels due to the pandemic's restrictions. Within this context, the study aims to identify the main antecedents leading to the formation of the male and female customers' continuance intention of using online food delivery services (OFDS) in the restaurant industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A web-based self-completion survey and a subsequent structural equation modelling have been employed on a sample of 360 participants.

Findings

Findings reveal that perceived healthiness, quarantine procedures, perceived hygiene, perceived ease of app use and attitude significantly influence continuance intention. Moreover, the moderator analysis corroborates that male consumers' continuance intention is mainly influenced by perceived healthiness, quarantine procedures and perceived hygiene. Conversely, female customers' continuance intention is predicated on perceived healthiness and attitude.

Research limitations/implications

Although the adoption of a sample of young customers (18–29 years) guarantees good research internal validity, findings are not generalizable.

Practical implications

The study provides valuable contributions for restaurants related to the (1) creation/management of their own OFDS platforms; (2) selection of the right third-party platforms.

Originality/value

The paper is one of the first studies examining the predictors impacting on customers' OFDS continuance intention in the COVID-19 context by also focusing on gender differences.
The joint effects of supervisor knowledge hiding, abusive supervision, and employee political skill on employee knowledge hiding behaviors
Authors: Offergelt Florian , Venz Laura
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Knowledge hiding, intentionally withholding work-relevant information, is detrimental to organizations, yet practiced by supervisors and employees. Based on social learning and social exchange theories, this study aims to uncover the effects of supervisor knowledge hiding, abusive supervision and employee political skill on employee knowledge hiding behaviors, namely, evasive hiding, playing dumb and rationalized hiding. We compare the two destructive supervisor behaviors in their predictive values toward employee knowledge hiding and examine the role of employee political skill in mitigating their effects.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on survey data collected from 598 German-speaking employees, we used path analysis to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The two destructive supervisor behaviors and employee political skill predicted employee evasive hiding and playing dumb; supervisor knowledge hiding additionally predicted employee rationalized hiding. The predictive value of supervisor knowledge hiding was 2.5 times larger than that of abusive supervision and political skill. The effects of destructive supervisor behaviors were weaker for more politically skilled employees.

Originality/value

We examine two destructive supervisor behaviors conjointly and show the differences between them regarding their predictive value toward employee knowledge hiding. Furthermore, we investigate the role of political skill in knowledge hiding.
Improving service interactions through inclusive language for Sindh’s Sheedis
Authors: Ali Ameer , David Maya Khemlani , Channa Abdul Razaque
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This research aims to explore how racist language in service interactions in the health and education sectors affects service consumers belonging to the Sheedi community in Pakistan’s Sindh province. This research questions the use of racist language and proposes the use of inclusive language in service sectors to reduce the discrimination the Sheedi community faces because of such racist language.

Design/methodology/approach

This empirical study takes place in the health and education sectors in Sindh province. Using a qualitative and narrative approach, this study categorizes Sheedi service consumers’ personal experiences to gain deep and holistic insights into the racist language used in service interactions and proposes the use of inclusive language.

Findings

Findings demonstrate how some non-Sheedis used racist language against the Sheedi service consumers in the health and education sectors, and how such racist language was influenced by class consciousness and gender bias. Inclusive language, which emphasizes professional lexicon, culturally appropriate terminology, gender-neutral vocabulary and other socially acceptable terms, was proposed to be used in the service interactions with Sheedi service consumers.

Originality/value

This study makes a conceptual contribution to existing literature on the use of language in service interactions and documents how the Sheedi community is treated in Pakistan’s Sindh province. This research can help researchers expand research in contexts where the use of racist language hinders progress, while the use of inclusive language can lead to sustainable development of service sectors.
An intelligent sv-neutrosophic parameterized MCDM approach to risk evaluation based on complex fuzzy hypersoft set for real estate investments
Authors: Zhang Huilong , Zhang Yudong , Rahman Atiqe Ur , Saeed Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Purpose

In this article, the elementary notions and aggregation operations of single-valued neutrosophic parameterized complex fuzzy hypersoft set (sv-NPCFHSS) are characterized initially. Then by using matrix version of sv-NPCFHSS, a decision-support system is constructed for the evaluation of real estate residential projects by observing various risk factors.

Design/methodology/approach

Two approaches are utilized in this research: set-theoretic approach and algorithmic approach. The first approach is used to investigate the notions of sv-NPCFHSS and its some aggregations whereas the second approach is used to propose an algorithm for designing its decision-support system by using the aggregation operations like reduced fuzzy matrix, decision matrix, etc. of sv-NPCFHSS. The adopted algorithm is validated in real estate scenario for the selection of residential project by observing various risk factors to avoid any expected investment loss.

Findings

The proposed approach is more flexible and reliable as it copes with the shortcomings of literature on sv-neutrosophic set, sv-neutrosophic soft set and other fuzzy soft set-like structures by considering hypersoft setting, complex setting and neutrosophic setting collectively.

Research limitations/implications

It has limitations for complex intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft set, complex neutrosophic hypersoft set and other complex neutrosophic hypersoft set-like models.

Practical implications

The scope of this research may cover a wide range of applications in several fields of mathematical sciences like artificial intelligence, optimization, MCDM, theoretical computer science, soft computing, mathematical statistics etc.

Originality/value

The proposed model bears the characteristics of most of the relevant existing fuzzy soft set-like models collectively and fulfills their limitations.
Lender financial reporting incentives and loan prioritization during the Paycheck Protection Program
Authors: Bailey Cristina , Sokolowski Matias
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study contributes to a growing body of literature on the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) by examining how lender incentives affected prioritization of large borrowers. In addition, this study separately examines incentives for commercial banks and credit unions during the program.

Design/methodology/approach

Using 2020 PPP loan data, the authors create a proxy for lender loan prioritization by comparing the skewness statistics of large and small loan distributions. A regression model is used to examine lender reporting incentives and loan prioritization.

Findings

Results show that larger borrowers were prioritized in receiving PPP loans earlier. Lenders with financial reporting concerns and commercial banks favored large borrowers to a greater extent.

Practical implications

This study may inform social planners and regulators about the benefits and costs of delegating emergency funding loan decisions to financial institutions.

Originality/value

The authors believe this paper is the first to examine financial institution reporting incentives in relationship to PPP lending practices. It adds novelty by examining lender incentives, while prior research has focused heavily on the economic consequences of the program and how borrower–lender relationships affected loan practices during the program.
Is your AoL process overly complex?
Authors: Tarnoff Karen A. , Barnes Kathleen J. , Bostwick Eric D.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify signs of unnecessary assurance of learning (AoL) complexity and to provide suggestions for simplifying the AoL processes.

Design/methodology/approach

While this paper is grounded in the existent AoL literature, the paper also presents several anecdotal observations from the authors’ practical knowledge in designing, leading, maintaining and consulting on AoL systems and processes.

Findings

Based on both a conceptual review of AoL literature and the authors’ own experiences, the authors outline 13 specific symptoms of unnecessary AoL complexity, identify potential underlying causes for each symptom and propose practical solutions that can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of dysfunctional AoL systems and processes.

Research limitations/implications

Although this work is grounded in the existent AoL literature, the present paper presents several anecdotal observations from the authors’ experiences. While the intent is to provide guidance that is actionable, it is understood that variability exists within and across schools and programs. Future research is needed to provide a more formal structure for reviewing AoL complexity, efficiency and effectiveness.

Practical implications

While future research is needed to provide a more formal structure for reviewing AoL complexity, efficiency and effectiveness, the intent of this paper is to provide guidance that is actionable with the understanding that variability exists within and across schools and programs.

Social implications

Society increasingly is demanding accountability from institutions of higher learning, and properly structured AoL programs can provide evidence of institutional effectiveness in preparing students to be productive members of society in their chosen fields of study. Stated succinctly, “although accountability matters, learning still matters most” (Angelo, 1999, n.p.).

Originality/value

Consideration of the 13 symptoms presented here along with other drivers that are unique to each school and program should result in the identification and development of practicable remedies to simplify AoL processes and systems, increase efficiency and effectiveness and improve the documentation of improvements to student learning.
A three-step approach to developing a future-proof skills strategy
Authors: Butterworth Charles
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to provide industry expert advice on how to tackle the skills shortage and crisis from leading software firm, Access People.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data and research conducted by Access People, through a survey conducted over email.

Findings

The findings provide actionable insights in three main strategies on how to overcome the skills crisis in any business today.

Originality/value

This study draws on the author’s unique insights and experience in the field.
Worldwide trends in the scientific production on soccer players market value, a bibliometric analysis using bibliometrix R-tool
Authors: Rodríguez Maribel Serna , Ortega Alvarez Ana María , Arango-Vasquez Leonel
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to identify the current state, the emergent research clusters, the key research topics and the configuration of collaboration in scientific production related to the market value of soccer players.

Design/methodology/approach

This article analyzes 52 articles published between 1985 and 2021 and from the Scopus and WoS databases.

Findings

The subject is of growing interest both in academic and practical areas. A variable that frequently appears as a determinant of market value is crowd wisdom. The largest cluster related to the co-citation level shows that the main issues about soccer player market value are player performance, team performance, and the determinants of the superstar formation. Spain and Germany stand out as essential countries both in literary production and citation rate. The network of collaborations is still low.

Research limitations/implications

This study is supported by databases being constantly updated, resulting in continuous variation in the number of indexed journals. Consequently, a bibliometric analysis regarding an emergent topic can, in fewer years, be subject to essential variations. Another limitation is that it has analyzed a particular topic using the most influential databases, and the global perspective could be improved with the incorporation of other different databases. Data regarding collaborations could be helpful for investigations or policies that propose to approach the topic supported by specialized groups. This study offers the possibility for future researchers to extend the databases used, the level of analysis, or focus on specific topics or variables affecting the soccer player market value.

Originality/value

This study contributes to knowing the current state of the soccer player market value research. Studies on such topics are relatively limited concerning the literature review.
Emergency department triage and COVID‐19: Performance of the Interagency Integrated Triage Tool during a pandemic surge in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Mitchell Rob , Kingston Carl , Tefatu Rayleen , Bornstein Sarah , Kendino Mangu , Sengiromo Duncan , Pole Jasper , Kuk Sylvia , Josaiah Betty , Elton Leigh , Banks Colin , Körver Sarah , Cameron Peter , O'Reilly Gerard
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine the sensitivity of the Interagency Integrated Triage Tool to identify severe and critical illness among adult patients with COVID‐19.

Methods

A retrospective observational study conducted at Port Moresby General Hospital ED during a three‐month Delta surge.

Results

Among 387 eligible patients with COVID‐19, 63 were diagnosed with severe or critical illness. Forty‐seven were allocated a high acuity triage category, equating to a sensitivity of 74.6% (95% CI 62.1–84.7) and a negative predictive value of 92.7% (95% CI 88.4–95.8).

Conclusion

In a resource‐constrained context, the tool demonstrated reasonable sensitivity to detect severe and critical COVID‐19, comparable with its reported performance for other urgent conditions.
Thermal inactivation of Salmonella on chicken wings cooked in domestic convection and air fryer ovens
Authors: Cano Carmen , Wei Xinyao , Etaka Cyril A. , Chaves Byron D.
Published: June 2022

Chicken wings are among the most popular poultry products for home and foodservice consumption. Poultry products must be handled and cooked safely to decrease the risk of foodborne salmonellosis for consumers. This study aims to validate the use of domestic appliances (convection and air fryer ovens) for the thermal inactivation of Salmonella on chicken wings. Wings (n = 3, 46.5 ± 4.3 g) were inoculated with a five‐strain cocktail of Salmonella (ca. 8 log10 CFU/wing) and cooked in a convection oven (179.4°C) or an air fryer (176, 190, or 204°C) for 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 22, or 25 min. Thermocouples recorded temperature profiles of wings and appliances. Salmonella counts were determined on XLD agar for rinsates (100 ml/sample), and rinsates were enriched to recover bacteria below the limit of quantification. The recommended internal cooking temperature (73.8°C) was achieved after a range of 7.5 to 8.5 min in both appliances. Salmonella counts were reduced by 6.5 log10 CFU/wing when this temperature was achieved. Cumulative lethality (F‐value) calculations predicted a 9‐log reduction after 7.0 to 8.1 min of cooking. However, sample enrichments tested positive for Salmonella for all cooking times below 22 min. Ultimately, cooking at the temperature–time combinations recommended by manufacturers and online recipes helped achieve complete microbial elimination in both appliances. This study contributes to the validation of home cooking methods to ensure consumer safety.
Effect of different cadmium levels in Boletus griseus on bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and intestinal flora by establishing a complete bionic digestion system in vitro
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Tian Zhen , Sun Liping , Zhuang Yongliang
Published: June 2022

The bioaccessibility and bioavailability of different cadmium (Cd) levels (low: 7.31 mg/kg, medium: 24.20 mg/kg, high: 41.64 mg/kg) in Boletus griseus were evaluated by establishing a bionic digestive system in vitro. The results showed that the bioaccessibility of high Cd level by gastrointestinal digestion was significantly higher than other two levels. Further, colonic digestion significantly increased the bioaccessibilities of low Cd level (p < 0.05). After intestinal flora fermentation, the bioaccessibilities of different Cd levels significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and high and medium Cd levels had no significant difference (p > 0.05). A Caco‐2 monolayer cell model was established to evaluate the bioavailability of Cd. The bioavailabilities of low and high Cd levels by gastrointestinal digestion were 8.75 and 10.58%, and the bioavailabilities increased by 38.17% and 5.20% after colonic digestion, respectively. Furthermore, Cd could affect diversity, composition, and balance of intestinal flora, and the relative abundances of several genera were correlation with Cd levels in B. griseus.
DUALI China: Improved glycemic control withIDegLiraversus its individual components in a randomized trial with Chinese participants with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on oral antidiabetic drugs
Authors: Wang Weiqing , Agner Bue F. Ross , Luo Bin , Liu Lei , Liu Ming , Peng Yongde , Qu Shen , Stachlewska Karolina Amelia , Wang Guixia , Yuan Guoyue , Zhang Qiu , Ning Guang
Published: June 2022

Background

DUAL I China, one of the DUAL trials, assessed efficacy/safety of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) not controlled by oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).

Methods

This phase 3a, treat‐to‐target multicenter trial randomized participants (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 53.0‐85.8 mmol/mol; previous metformin ± another OAD) 2:1:1 to IDegLira (n = 361), degludec (n = 179), or liraglutide (n = 180). Primary endpoint was change in HbA1c after 26 weeks. Secondary endpoints included: HbA1c < 53.0 mmol/mol attainment, weight change, treatment‐emergent hypoglycemia, end‐of‐treatment insulin dose, and safety.

Results

At 26 weeks, HbA1c had decreased by a mean 18.12 mmoL/moL (IDegLira), 12.37 mmoL/moL (degludec) (estimated treatment difference [ETD] −6.50 mmoL/moL; 95% confidence interval [CI] −7.96, −5.04;P < .0001), and 11.33 mmoL/moL (liraglutide) (ETD −6.87 mmoL/moL; 95% CI −8.33, −5.41;P < 0.0001), indicating noninferiority for IDegLira vs degludec and superiority vs liraglutide. HbA1c < 53.0 mmoL/moL attainment was 77.0% (IDegLira), 46.4% (degludec), and 48.3% (liraglutide). Mean weight change with IDegLira (0.1 kg) was superior to degludec (1.2 kg) (ETD −1.08 kg; 96% CI −1.55, −0.62;P < 0.0001). Severe or confirmed hypoglycemic event rates were 0.24 (IDegLira) and 0.17 (degludec) episodes/participant‐year (estimated rate ratio 1.46; 95% CI 0.71, 3.02;P = .3008, not significant). At the end of treatment, the IDegLira insulin dose was lower (24.5 U/d) vs degludec (30.3 U/d) (ETD −5.49 U; 95% CI −7.77, −3.21;P < 0.0001). No unexpected safety issues occurred.

Conclusions

IDegLira is efficacious and well tolerated in Chinese adults with T2D not controlled by OADs.
Real‐world utilization of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors with palliative radiotherapy in patients with metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Zi‐Chao , Chen Kai‐Yan , Li Na , Xie Ming‐Ying , Sheng Jia‐Min , Fan Yun , Huang Zhi‐Yu
Published: June 2022

Background

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) blockade plus radiotherapy may be a promising strategy to improve the prognosis of patients with metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the optimum combined scheme, treatment time of radiotherapy, and irradiated lesion have not been fully determined.

Methods

A total of 321 metastatic NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy were identified. Among them, 107 patients received PD‐1/PD‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitors with radiotherapy, while the remaining cases did not receive radiotherapy. Data on overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), treatment response and adverse events were collected. Comparisons based on type of radiation, timing of radiotherapy and number of irradiated lesions were performed.

Results

The median OS in PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors plus radiotherapy was longer than in nonradiotherapy (22.8 vs. 16.6 months, p = 0.022). The median PFS showed a similar trend in this study (9.4 vs. 6.2 months, p = 0.042). Moreover, the combined strategy demonstrated a superior disease control rate and abscopal control rate versus without radiotherapy (both p ≤ 0.001). Further multivariate analysis in the immunotherapy and radiotherapy groups revealed that age below 65 (p = 0.004), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance scores of 0–1 (p = 0.001), oligometastasis (p = 0.006), concurrent combination (p = 0.002), and treated with SRT (p = 0.013) were associated with longer OS. There was a similar incidence of adverse events between the two groups (both p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusions

The combination of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors plus palliative radiotherapy demonstrated favorable survival and good tolerability in metastatic NSCLC patients.
Design and performance of an ecosystem‐scale forest soil warming experiment with infrared heater arrays
Authors: Duan Yihang , Liu Dongwei , Huang Kai , Shou Wenkai , Zhu Feifei , Liu Yuqi , Yu Haoming , Gundersen Per , Kang Ronghua , Wang Ang , Han Shijie , Wang Zhiming , Zhu Jiaojun , Zhu Weixing , Fang Yunting
Published: June 2022

How forest ecosystems respond to climate warming will determine forest trajectories over the next 100 years. However, the potential effects of elevated temperature on forests remain unclear, primarily because of the absence of long‐term and large‐size field warming experiments in forests, especially in Asia.

Here, we present the design and performance of an ecosystem‐scale warming experiment using infrared (IR) heater arrays in a 60‐year‐old temperate mixed forest at Qingyuan Forest CERN in northeastern China.

In paired 108 m2 plots (n = 3), the surface soils were constantly elevated 2°C above control plots with a feedback control system over 4 years (2018–2021). Subsoils down to 60 cm depth were warmed 1.2–2°C. Soil warming did not significantly affect soil moisture either in surface soils or in subsoils. Turn‐off time due to weather extremes (heavy rains, snow) and power outages only accounted for 2.5% of the total warming period.

In conclusion, we provide a proof‐of‐principle setup that allows long‐term analysis of forest response to warming temperatures in large‐size field plots. Importantly, our warming experiment demonstrated the feasibility of IR heater arrays for soil warming in tall‐statured forest ecosystems.
Digital histological morphometry of the human pineal gland in a postmortem study, with endocrine and neurological clinical implications
Authors: Gheban Bogdan‐Alexandru , Colosi Horațiu Alexandru , Gheban‐Roșca Ioana‐Andreea , Georgiu Carmen , Gheban Dan , Crișan Doinița , Crișan Maria
Published: June 2022

The pineal gland is a small‐sized, photo neuroendocrine organ in the midline of the brain that synthesises and secretes melatonin and serotonin. Chords and islands of pinealocytes constitute the secretory parenchyma, while glial tissue and calcifications represent degenerative changes. This study examined human postmortem pineal glands to microscopically assess morphological changes possibly associated with clinical data, by using digital techniques. A retrospective autopsy study has been performed on 72 paediatric and adult autopsy cases. The glands have been processed for histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining with synaptophysin (SYN), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), and neurofilament (NF). Slides were digitally scanned. Morphometric data were obtained using CaseViewer and ImageJ. The comorbidities used for correlation with morphometric data were obesity, type 2 diabetes, adrenal gland adenoma, goitre, chronic pancreatitis, arterial hypertension, and mixed dementia. Thirty‐three females and 39 males were included in the study. Increased secretory parenchyma was found in patients with chronic pancreatitis, arterial hypertension, and adrenal gland adenoma. Reduced activity was found in patients with type 2 diabetes, obesity, advanced pineal calcification, mixed dementia, and old age. There were no changes associated with goitre, cachexia, or Willis's polygon atherosclerosis. No significant differences between gender were found. The activity of the pineal gland can be assessed by quantitative immunohistochemistry of neuroendocrine and structural pinealocyte markers and observation of glial tissue and calcifications. There is a need for further research to evaluate the clinical impact of these morphological changes on the neuroendocrine systems, with clinical implications in endocrinology, neurology, and even psychiatry. Digital techniques offer a more exact analysis of histological data.
Five small antelope species diets indicate different levels of anthrodependence in the Overberg Renosterveld, South Africa
Authors: Jansen van Vuuren Amauréé , Fritz Hervé , Venter Jan A.
Published: June 2022

The Overberg area, Western Cape, South Africa is highly suitable for agricultural practices and has subsequently been severely transformed over the last four centuries. This has created a novel habitat for many wildlife species. The objective of this study was to determine the forage use of five antelope species and thereby assess their level of anthrodependence in terms of diet. The five species were bushbuck (Tragelaphus sylvaticus), Cape grysbok (Rhaphicerus melanotis), common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia), grey rhebok (Pelea capreolus) and steenbok (Rhaphicerus campestris). To do this, we performed a histological analysis on dung samples collected. Our study indicated a high ratio of anthropogenic to natural vegetation in the diets of bushbuck, grey rhebok and steenbok, as anthropogenic vegetation presented a high nutrient food resource, which is easily accessible. However, Cape grysbok and common duiker indicated a higher use of natural vegetation. The results indicated that all the species benefit from the resources offered by the altered landscape and that some species may be dependent on these resources while others appear to be more dependent on the pockets of natural vegetation in the landscape.
Results of a small terrestrial mammal survey in the remote Boé region of Guinea‐Bissau, with discovery of two new shrew records for the country
Authors: Westra Sil A. , Mol Roy R. , Desjardins Rebecca B. , Visser Marco D. , Baele Amber V. M. P. C. , van Montfort Dorien
Published: June 2022

The Boé region in the south‐east of Guinea‐Bissau has remained untouched by large‐scale human influence and development due to its isolated location. The region consists mainly of savannah interspersed with gallery forests and hosts a unique and valuable biodiversity though very little is known of small terrestrial mammal diversity. In 2013, a terrestrial small mammal live trapping survey was conducted around Béli, a small village in the South of the Boé region. Five survey locations of three ecotypes were selected, and a combination of pitfall traps and live traps was used to capture and release small mammals. A selection of mammals that could not be identified as well as accidental mortalities in the traps were collected as voucher specimens and sent to Naturalis Biodiversity Center in the Netherlands. Over 96 survey days, a total of 331 small terrestrial mammals were trapped from 21 unique species, which include two new species records for the country: shrew species Crocidura lamottei and Crocidura crossei. Extrapolation from species accumulation curves suggested an overall species richness of 22 species for the region, with substantial differences in community composition among sampled habitats. The results of this study are an important part of the scientific record for small terrestrial mammals in the Boé region and set a baseline reference for future conservation efforts.
Patient expectations and experiences with loop electrosurgical excision procedure in inpatient and outpatient settings
Authors: Ooi Sara , Eskaroos Mary Anne , Pather Selvan , Carter Jonathan , Saidi Samir
Published: June 2022

Background

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion is performed in both an inpatient setting under general anaesthesia and an outpatient setting under local anaesthesia. Efficacy and safety are comparable and outpatient LEEP may save time and cost in the Australian setting.

Aims

We aim to compare patient satisfaction with inpatient LEEP compared to outpatient LEEP for Australian best practice.

Materials and Methods

This was a prospective quantitative and qualitative cohort study. An online questionnaire was sent to patients undergoing inpatient and outpatient LEEP to assess satisfaction with the procedure. Further histopathological and demographic data were also collected from the medical records. Groups were compared using Fischer's exact test and pain scores were compared using non‐parametric tests.

Results

Ninety‐three outpatients and 52 inpatients responded to the survey. No difference was found between groups with regard to rate of positive histopathological margins or number of passes required. Outpatients found the procedure to be more convenient than inpatients (P = 0.007), and experienced more pain during the procedure than the inpatient group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in pain scores following the procedure or post‐procedure anxiety.

Conclusions

Outpatient LEEP is an acceptable and well‐tolerated procedure, comparable to inpatient LEEP. Regardless of the option chosen, patients are highly likely to be satisfied with their choice. Increased efforts should be made to reduce pre‐procedural anxiety, which may in turn reduce expectations and experiences of pain.
Rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy: Maternal and neonatal outcomes in the Top End of Australia
Authors: Lam Chor Kiu (Maree) , Thorn Jane , Lyon Xylyss , Waugh Edith , Piper Ben , Wing‐Lun Edwina
Published: June 2022

Background

Women with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) can have a lower cardiac reserve to cope with pregnancy and labour, leading to increased obstetric and cardiac risks. The Northern Territory has been repeatedly reported to have the highest prevalence of RHD in Australia, yet evidence specific to pregnancy is scarce in the literature.

Aims

The primary aim of this paper is to describe the baseline characteristics and maternal outcomes of pregnant women with RHD presenting to the largest obstetrics referral hospital in the Northern Territory. The secondary aim is to evaluate the current model of care in relation to their cardiac status.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted over a 9.5‐year period. Demographics, cardiac, obstetrics and anaesthetics data were collected for analysis.

Results

One hundred and twenty‐nine pregnancies were included for analysis. All women were identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, and 85% were of a RHD priority of 2 or 3. Of all 28 patients who had an emergency caesarean section, only one patient was indicated for cardiac reasons. There was no maternal or neonatal death reported. Three preterm births were induced secondary to maternal concerns related to RHD cardiac decompensation. There were no major adverse neonatal outcomes, including neonatal death, intraventricular haemorrhage or respiratory distress syndrome. Multidisciplinary care was also evaluated.

Conclusion

We observed a low rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and no mortality in a cohort of women with mild to severe RHD. These favourable outcomes have occurred in a multidisciplinary centre with significant experience in managing the medical and cultural complexities of this group.
Consulting a Victorian Aboriginal community about their oral health
Authors: Collins Eliza , Hearn Tracey , Satur Julie
Published: June 2022

Background

The legacy of colonisation, assimilation, racism and victim blaming has created inequality in health for Aboriginal people, reflected in their oral health status. Despite the existence of community dental services, oral disease levels continue to be of concern. This study, initiated by a rural Victorian ACCHO (Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation), aimed to consult their community about the barriers to and enablers of oral health and understand their lived experiences with dental services.

Methods

Using an Aboriginal knowledge framework and collaborative approach involving an Aboriginal researcher and Community Mentor, this study consulted an ACCHO community about their oral health. Following community engagement, 21 community members participated in digitally recorded yarning circles and semi‐structured interviews.

Results

Themes emerging from the data included dental care history and past experiences involving pain and shame, the value of having community‐centred services and engagement with patients and the community.

Discussion

Experiences of dental care are often related to pain driving attendance resulting in experiences that multiply fear and anxiety. While community‐based care was considered a strength, approaches to individual dental care often resulted in increasing shame and diminishing trust. Increasing cultural safety and participatory approaches to designing and delivering dental care may increase engagement and trust.

Conclusions

Important gaps in cultural and clinical understanding between the community and dental service providers have been identified. These findings will be used to inform the delivery of dental services and to develop oral health promotion programs at the ACCHO, and cultural safety preparation for student dental practitioners.