bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water use pattern of Pinus tabulaeformis in the semiarid region of Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Jian Shengqi , Zhang Xueli , Wu Zening , Hu Caihong
Published: December 2016

Aim of the study: We analyzed the water-use strategy of P. tabulaeformis and determine the relationships between environmental factors and transpiration rates in the P. tabulaeformis woodlands.Area of study: Loess Plateau region of Northwest China.Material and Methods: Sap flow density of the P. tabulaeformis trees was measured with Granier-type sensors. Stand transpiration was extrapolated from the sap flow measurements of individual trees using the following Granier equation.Main results: The mean sap flow rates of individual P. tabulaeformis trees ranged from 9 L day−1 to 54 L day−1. Photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit were the dominant driving factors of transpiration when soil water content was sufficient (soil water content>16%), considering that soil water content is the primary factor of influencing transpiration at the driest month of the year. During the entire growing season, the maximum and minimum daily stand transpiration rates were 2.93 and 0.78 mm day−1, respectively. The mean stand transpiration rate was 1.9 mm day−1, and the total stand transpiration from May to September was 294.1 mm.Research highlights: This study can serve as a basis for detailed analyses of the water physiology and growth of P. tabulaeformis plantation trees for the later application of a climate-driven process model.Keywords: Sap flow; stand transpiration; environmental factor; Pinus tabulaeformis; Loess Plateau.
The websites adoption in the Spanish agrifood firms
Authors: López-Becerra Erasmo I. , Arcas-Lario Narciso , Alcon Francisco
Published: December 2016

Currently, the use of websites in the firms of the Spanish agrifood sector has not become widespread despite the possible benefits to be derived from their adequate integration and management within the firms. Among these advantages, the increase in the quality of the services offered and the improvement in the relations with their stakeholders should be highlighted. In this context, the objective of the present work is to determine to what extent websites are used by firms in the agrifood sector of Spain, analysing the background which explains why they are adopted and the consequences of introducing them. To do so, a theoretical framework is posed which allows these factors to be identified, and an empirical study is carried out with Spanish agrifood firms. The results of the work indicate that the adoption of websites will be favoured when the directors of the firm are higher qualified, the firm is bigger in size, the firm’s function is distribution, and when the relative advantage and technology compatibility is perceived, among others. Technology adoption consequences analysis suggests that the benefits of adoption are related with improving the relationships with suppliers, customers, owning partners and, in general, the quality of the services offered by the firm.
Preference for olive oil consumption in the Spanish local market
Authors: Bernabéu Rodolfo , Díaz Mónica
Published: December 2016

It is becoming ever more important for the olive oil industry in Spain to adopt a business strategy based on client orientation. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to identify the preferences of olive oil consumers and propose a series of business strategies for the producing sector. The methodology consisted in a survey of 404 olive oil consumers during the months of January and February 2013, whose preferences were determined through several multivariate techniques (conjoint analysis, consumer segmentation and a simulation of market share). The preferred olive oil is low priced, extra virgin and organic. The type of bottle does not appear to be relevant in the buying decision process, although it might be a factor in increasing market share. The current economic crisis has resulted in the emergence of two consumer segments; 67.1% of consumers selected the olive oil they buy on the basis of price and 32.9% were guided by the product’s specific attributes, which include, for example, organic production, which can be another differentiating element for producing companies.
Possible origin of Triticum petropavlovskyi based on cytological analyses of crosses between T. petropavlovskyi and tetraploid, hexaploid, and synthetic hexaploid (SHW-DPW) wheat accessions
Authors: Chen Qian , Song Jun , Du Wen-Ping , Xu Li-Yuan , Yu Gui-Rong
Published: December 2016

Intraspecific hybridization between Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch., synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW-DPW), and tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, was performed to collect data on seed set, fertility of F1 hybrid, and meiotic pairing configuration, aiming to evaluate the possible origin of T. petropavlovskyi. Our data showed that (1) seed set of crosses T. petropavlovskyi × T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi × T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring was significantly high; (2) fertility of hybrids T. petropavlovskyi × T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi × T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense was higher than that of the other hybrids; (3) fertility of F1 hybrids SHW-DPW × T. dicoccoides and SHW-DPW×T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum was significantly high; and (4) c-value of T. petropavlovskyi × T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi × T. aestivum cv. Changning white wheat was also significantly high. The results indicate that the probable origin of T. petropavlovskyi is divergence from a natural cross between T. aestivum and T. polonicum, via either spontaneous introgression or breeding effort.
Evaluation and prioritization of rice production practices and constraints under temperate climatic conditions using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP)
Authors: Mir Shabir A. , Padma Theagarajan
Published: December 2016

Due to overwhelming complex and vague nature of interactions between multiple factors describing agriculture, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods are widely used from farm to fork to facilitate systematic and transparent decision support, figure out multiple decision outcomes and equip decision maker with confident decision choices in order to choose best alternative. This research proposes a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) based decision support to evaluate and prioritize important factors of rice production practices and constraints under temperate climatic conditions and provides estimate of weightings, which measure relative importance of critical factors of the crop under biotic, abiotic, socio-economic and technological settings. The results envisage that flood, drought, water logging, late sali, temperature and rainfall are important constraints. However, regulating transplantation time; maintaining planting density; providing training to the educated farmers; introducing high productive varieties like Shalimar Rice-1 and Jhelum; better management of nutrients, weeds and diseases are most important opportunities to enhance rice production in the region. Therefore, the proposed system supplements farmers with precise decision information about important rice production practices, opportunities and constraints.
Genotype and environment effects on sensory, nutritional, and physical traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Cobos Maria J. , Izquierdo Inmaculada , Sanz Miguel A. , Tomás Antonio , Gil Juan , Flores Fernando , Rubio Josefa
Published: December 2016

The development of chickpea cultivars with high quality grains for human consumption is an important objective in breeding programs. Genotype and environment effects on seed quality traits (sensorial, nutritional and physical) were studied in chickpea dry grain. Twenty genotypes were grown in winter and spring sowings over two campaigns in four different locations in southern Spain. Significant differences were observed in oil, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and protein content between sowing times (S). In winter, oil and ADF content were higher, while protein content was lower. Although, in general, highly significant variation was detected for genotype (G), environment (E) and single interactions (GE, GS and ES), the genotype effect was stronger for ADF, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), oil, starch and protein content, and for physical and sensory traits (r2>27%). In contrast, environment played an important role in variation in the content of amylose and amylopectin (r2=71.7%). No high relationships were found between the sensory and nutritional or physical characteristics studied. In general, our results suggest a high genetic gain for seed quality in nutritional, physical and sensory traits in chickpea. Genotypes with good seed sensory quality should be selected in the final stages of the breeding program, because it is not feasible to evaluate very large numbers of samples. However, in some cases, moderate correlations were found between sensory and either nutritional or physical traits. Therefore, indirect selection to increase the frequency of genes for sensory traits in an early stage should be considered.
A comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Portuguese grape germplasm from ampelographic collections fit for quality wine production
Authors: Castro Isaura , Pinto-Carnide Olinda , Ortiz Jesús M. , Ferreira Vanessa , Martín Juan P.
Published: December 2016

Grapevine cultivars diversity is vast and full of synonyms and homonyms. Up to few decades ago characterization of grapevine was based on morphological characters. In the last decades, molecular markers were developed and have been used as tools to study genetic diversity in a range of different plant species. Fifty-six Portuguese accessions representative of ‘Vinhos Verdes’ and ‘Douro’ Controlled Designations of Origin (DOC) were analysed through DNA fingerprints generated by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of RAPD and ISSR molecular techniques in the detection of synonyms, homonyms and misnames. RAPD and ISSR analysis enabled the detection of 36 different band patterns, reducing in about 36% the initial material. Several accessions grown under different names, between and within collections, were confirmed as the same genotype, namely Gouveio/Verdelho, Sousão Douro/Vinhão and Arinto Oeste/Pedernã. Similarly, some homonyms/misnames were also identified, namely within Azal Tinto and Rabigato accessions. RAPD and ISSR markers revealed to be adequate molecular techniques for grapevine varieties fingerprinting with advantages over other molecular procedures, contributing for a good management of grapevine collections.
Agronomic and molecular evaluation of maize inbred lines for drought tolerance
Authors: Mikić Sanja , Zorić Miroslav , Stanisavljević Dušan , Kondić-Špika Ankica , Brbaklić Ljiljana , Kobiljski Borislav , Nastasić Aleksandra , Mitrović Bojan , Šurlan-Momirović Gordana
Published: December 2016

Drought is a severe threat to maize yield stability in Serbia and other temperate Southeast European countries occurring occasionally but with significant yield losses. The development of resilient genotypes that perform well under drought is one of the main focuses of maize breeding programmes. To test the tolerance of newly developed elite maize inbred lines to drought stress, field trials for grain yield performance and anthesis silk interval (ASI) were set in drought stressed environments in 2011 and 2012. Inbred lines performing well under drought, clustered into a group with short ASI and a smaller group with long ASI, were considered as a potential source for tolerance. The former contained inbreds from different heterotic groups and with a proportion of local germplasm. The latter consisted of genotypes with mixed exotic and Lancaster germplasm, which performed better in more drought-affected environments. Three inbreds were selected for their potential drought tolerance, showing an above-average yield and small ASI in all environments. Association analysis indicated significant correlations between ASI and grain yield and three microsatellites (bnlg1525, bnlg238 and umc1025). Eight alleles were selected for their favourable concurrent effect on yield increase and ASI decrease. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by the markers varied across environments from 5.7% to 22.4% and from 4.6% to 8.1% for ASI and yield, respectively. The alleles with strongest effect on performance of particular genotypes and their interactions in specific environments were identified by the mean of partial least square interactions analysis indicating potential suitability of the makers for tolerant genotype selection.
Cyclic use of saline and non-saline water to increase water use efficiency and soil sustainability on drip irrigated maize in a semi-arid region
Authors: Hassanli Mohammad , Ebrahimian Hamed
Published: December 2016

Use of saline water for irrigation is a strategy to mitigate water shortage. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the cyclic and constant use of saline and non-saline water on drip irrigated maize yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Nine field treatments were laid out based on alternative irrigation management of non-saline and saline water combinations. The treatments were: two salinity levels of 3.5 and 5.7 dS/m and freshwater (0.4 dS/m) application in every one, three and five saline water application (1:1, 3:1 and 5:1, respectively). Results showed that the 1:1 combination management was the best in terms of crop yield and IWUE. In this treatment, salt concentration at the end of growing season was not significantly changed compared to its initial condition. If off-season precipitation or leaching was available, the 3:1 and 5:1 treatments were appropriated. Highest and lowest values of IWUE were 15.3 and 8.7 kg/m3 for the 1:1 management using water salinity of 3.5 dS/m and the treatment of constant irrigation with water salinity of 5.7 dS/m, respectively. Under low off-season precipitations, artificial leaching is essential for land sustainability in most treatments.
Short communication: Analysis of polymorphisms in candidate’s genes for meat quality in Lidia cattle
Authors: Pelayo Rocio , Valera Mercedes , Molina Antonio , Avilés Carmen B.
Published: December 2016

The aim of this paper was to analyze the segregation of some polymorphisms in three genes (CAPN1, CAST and DGAT1) related to meat quality in the Lidia cattle breed and some of its main lineages. To that effect, 119 individuals from the Lidia breed were analyzed. Although the association between the polymorphisms and the phenotype has never been demonstrated in this breed, the absence of fixed genotypes for these polymorphisms in the studied population makes the Lidia cattle a good candidate to develop selection objectives. The clear differentiation among lineages for most of the genes studied reinforces the high reproductive isolation presented in the Lidia cattle as revealed by previous studies on the structure of the population within the Lidia breed using microsatellite markers. Considering both issues in the design of breeding schemes will be necessary to save the lineages and not to lose this valuable genetic resource. Finally, it would be necessary to carry out an in depth search for new polymorphisms in genes associated with meat quality and to perform needed association analyses between the SNPs segregating in Lidia cattle and traits of economic interest.
Elucidation of the Degradation of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) in Coals During Pyrolysis
Authors: O. Odeh Andrew , E Ogbeide Samuel , O Okieimen Charity
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we explore the use of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) in the degradation of the poly aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in coals of different ranks subjected to chemical plus heat treatment. The crystallite diameter on peak (10) approximations, La (10), of 37.6 Å for the high rank coal char at 700 oC fell within the HRTEM’s range of minimum-maximum length boundary of 11 x 11 aromatic aromatic fringes (28 – 44 Å). The La (10), 30.5 Å for the low rank lignite chars fell nearly on the minimum-maximum length range of 7 x 7 aromatic fringes (17 – 28 Å).The HRTEM results showed that the high rank anthracite chars at 700 oC comprised a higher distribution of larger distribution of larger aromatic fringes (11 x 11 parallelogram catenations). The mechanism for the similarity between coal chars of different ranks was the greater transition occurring in the low rank coals (lignite and sub-bituminous) to match the more resistant medium and high rank coals (bituminous – anthracite). This emphasized that the transitions in the properties of the low rank coals were more thermally accelerated than those of the high rank coals. The total PAHs detected in the coals of different ranks during pyrolysis are dominated by two- and three- ring PAHs. The amount of PAHs increase and then decrease with increase in pyrolysis temperature.
Does Vegetation Restoration Change Regional Ecohydrological Condition at the Loess Plateau in China?
Authors: Chen Xiongwen , Niu Jianzhi
Published: November 2016

The Loess Plateau is a severely eroded and very venerable area in the northwestern China. Large scale vegetation restoration has been conducted in this region during the recent decades, its effect on the regional ecohydrology is under concern. In this study, long term satellite and derived data were used to analyze regional hydrological condition at the major part of the Loess Plateau (35°-37°N and 105°-110° E). The results indicate that there was an increase in the regional normalized difference vegetation index, evapotranspiration, rainfall intensity, soil water storage (surface 1m layer) and runoff. It was also observed that the total annual precipitation did not change significantly.The possible mechanisms may be related to the complicated processes of vegetation on ecohydrology. Our results and approach may be useful to evaluate the benefits of ecological restoration and further vegetation restoration at the Loess Plateau and other regions.
Antifouling Effectiveness and Potential Toxicological Risk of an Elastomer-Based Coating against Zebra Mussels
Authors: Lafontaine Yves de , Veillette Julie
Published: November 2016

The fouling of hard substrates by zebra mussels (Dreissena sp.) in freshwater ecosystems is a persistent problem which calls for antifouling treatments being fully efficient, long-lasting, and environmentally safe. The present study assessed the potential toxicological impact and the effectiveness of an elastomer-based coating containing salts that would make surfaces repulsive to zebra mussel attachment. Laboratory testing using standard analytical methods for water and wastewater, and a battery of six bioassays confirmed that the leachates from the coating exhibited no toxic response suggesting its safety to the receiving environment. In situ experiments using multi-plate collectors indicated that biofouling by zebra mussels and sponges on coated surfaces was effectively reduced by up to 97% over one growing season. Effectiveness of the coating was slightly less (82%) during the second growing season. Results suggested that the repulsive effect would be due to the presence of salts within the elastomer-based coating affecting both zebra mussels and other freshwater organisms. Saltwater experiments indicated that the coating was totally ineffective to prevent biofouling in marine environments. In addition of being environmentally safe to use, results suggested that the coating can be an effective antifouling product for submerged structures in freshwater environments.
Development of a High-reliability Model for Public Hospitals in Iran
Authors: Mahmoudi Ghahraman , Jahani Mohammad Ali , Yaminfirooz Mousa , Navaie Ramin
Published: December 2016

INTRODUCTION: As a health care organization, achieving security and high reliability is a goal in hospitals. Therefore, this research is concerned with the development of a structural high-reliability model in public hospitals of Iran.METHODOLOGY: This applied research was conducted in 2015 with a population that included directors, managers, faculty members and hospital affairs experts. A totalof 200 questionnaires were distributed in five areas of the country based on a cluster sampling method. The structural validity of the questionnaire was approved through confirmatory factor analysis test and its reliability was calculated as 0.73 by Cronbach’s alpha test. Moreover, data were analyzed by SPSS 18 and LISREL 8.5 software using factor analysis and mathematical models; and the confirmation of the model was assessed based on confirmatory factor analysis.FINDINGS: The results of factor analysis indicated that exploitable factors for factor analysis included selection of axis of reluctance to simplify interpretation, preoccupation with failure, sensitivity to operations, resilience and deference to expertise. Conversely, the ratio between Chi-Do index and degree offreedom was less than three, the RMSEA index was lower than 0.08, The NFI, NNFI, IFI and CFI values were higher than 0.9.CONCLUSIONS: By considering the axes of lack of tendency towards simplification of interpretations, concerns and tolerance against failure, sensitivity towards operations, flexibility and specialization hospitals will be able to achieve high-reliability criteria.
Supply Chain Disruptions and Their Effect on Volatility of Rice Prices in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Fayad Fadye Saud
Published: November 2016

This research has examined the issue of supply chain disruptions and how they affect price volatility in the commodities marketplace. Specifically, this point was discussed and examined in relation to the rice imports undertaken by Saudi Arabia with respect to how supply chain disruptions in the rice supply channel contributes to price volatility. The supply chain was first identified to consist of various nodes along which market participants work to move the commodity from one point to another. The observation was confirmed that any disruptions up the supply chain tended to manifest themselves in downstream effects such as the bullwhip effect in which increased inventory levels or decreasing inventory levels are felt successively further down the supply chain. These and factors relating to supply as well as demand in other markets also were identified to contribute to price volatility for Saudi Arabia and its rice imports. The analysis demonstrated that every major global economic disturbance over the past 50 years corresponded to fluctuations in the price of food commodities. Saudi Arabia was shown to receive the vast majority of rice supplies from a single market which is India. India supplies Saudi Arabia with some 72% of its rice imports which ensures that any transportation or customs issue encountered by any supply channel participant prior to the Kingdom’s receipt of its rice will alter the price profile of these rice commodities. Saudi Arabia was shown to already have experienced substantial price volatility of its rice imports with much of this volatility originating in India due to suppliers in India responding to competing demand for its Basmati varieties of rice. This volatility was manifested during 2012 and 2013 when rice prices per metric ton increased some 40% overall. Finally, this report also undertook regression analysis of the rice import data that found positive correlations between variables such as time between harvest and distribution, milling facility ownership and road/shipping lane conditions and the price structure of rice. The conclusion is that supply chain disruptions can and periodically do result in price volatility for rice in Saudi Arabia. Hence, this report finds that certain factors such as information access, the establishment of long-term contracts as well as trade group membership can be effective at reducing the transaction costs in the Kingdom’s rice market. Essentially, these factors can work to place downward pressure on rice prices by the metric ton which would flatten out some of the price volatility in Saudi Arabia’s rice imports.
Determinants of Capital Structure for Firms that Provide High Quality Sustainability Reporting
Authors: Vural-Yavas Cigdem
Published: November 2016

The main objective of this chapter is to understand the determinants of the capital structure of the firms that provide high quality corporate-sustainability reporting. First, all the non-financial companies quoted in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) will be studied in order to see the full picture of the market. Second, all the firms that are included in the computation of the BIST Sustainability Index (XUSRD) will be analyzed as the firms that provide high quality corporate-sustainability reporting. In line with the literature on capital structure variables such as profitability, size, risk, growth, tangibility, non-debt tax shield and ownership structure were picked as the possible determinants of capital structure. Moreover, long- and short-term debt ratios were selected as the proxies for capital structure. Our findings indicate that when capital structure is measured by long-term debt, profitability, size, tangibility, the ratio of free-float outstanding value to total assets, and institutional ownership percentage become the main determinants of capital structure for the whole market. For sustainability index firms, when capital structure is measured by the long-term debt ratio, the main determinants of capital structure become non-debt tax shield and tangibility. On the other hand, for the same type of firms, when capital structure is measured by the short-term debt ratio, tangibility and the ratio of free-float outstanding value to total assets become the main determinants of capital structure.
Auxin increases the InJMT expression and the level of JAMe – inhibitor of flower induction in Ipomoea nil
Authors: Kućko Agata , Czeszewska-Rosiak Grażyna , Wolska Magdalena , Glazińska Paulina , Kopcewicz Jan , Wilmowicz Emilia
Published: December 2016

Interactions among jasmonates and auxin in the photoperiodic flower induction of a short-day plant Ipomoea nil were examined. Therefore, we measured changes in jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonic acid methyl ester (JAMe) levels in the cotyledons of I. nil during the inductive night, as well as the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on their content. We noticed an interesting result, that IAA applied on the cotyledons of I. nil is an effective stimulator of JAMe production in seedlings cultivated under inductive night conditions. IAA treatment also significantly increased the transcriptional activity of InJMT (JASMONIC ACID CARBOXYL METHYLTRANSFERASE), while did not affect the expression of JA biosynthesis genes (lipoxyganease, allene oxide synthase, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase). These data, as well as the results of our previous research, suggest that exogenous IAA participates in I. nil flower induction process by stimulating InJMT expression and, as a consequence of that, enhancing the level of JAMe, a flowering inhibitor.
Quando a preguiça é sinônimo de doença - um caso de doença de McArdle
Authors: Mesquita Amaral Vera Fernanda , Sá Martins Aníbal Alberto
Published: December 2016

A doença de McArdle é uma doença rara, autossômica recessiva, manifestando-se com intolerância ao exercício, mialgias e crises de mioglobinúria por rabdomiólise. Pode complicar-se com insuficiência renal e isquemia muscular associada a anestésicos inalados e relaxantes musculares. Relata-se um caso clínico de um homem de 38 anos que apresentava queixas repetidas de cansaço, palpitações e “sensação de que o músculo bloqueava e encolhia” (sic) durante o exercício, obrigando-o a parar para recuperar. Este quadro estava presente desde a adolescência e cessava com redução do exercício. Foi avaliado, apresentando uma CPK de 554mcg/L, sem outras alterações, pelo que foi referenciado pela médica de família para consulta em Neurologia. Nesta foi solicitada uma biópsia muscular, que revelou doença de McArdle. O médico de família deve ser capaz gerir os casos que se apresentam inespecificamente, valorizando queixas específicas e persistentes no tempo, estando alerta para as situações que possam sugerir uma doença incomum.
Application of Wald Function to OR and AND Fuzzy Operations in No- Data Problems
Authors: Houju Hori Jr. Houju Hori Jr. , Matsumoto Yukio
Published: December 2016

Subjective qualifiers of Wald's theory of decision functions are the fuzzy events of the subsequent fuzzy set theory. Wald's notion of subjective qualifiers involves applying integral transforms to convert states of nature into fuzzy events. Probabilities of fuzzy events and arithmetic formulas for fuzzy utility function values are readily derived from Wald's integral transforms. We have applied Zadeh's extension principle to Wald's integral transforms and demonstrated that fuzzy mathematics is effective when applied to multiple subjective probability distributions conjoined by OR and AND operations. In this paper, we focus on no-data problems and construct a fuzzy Bayes' theorem for cases in which a membership function and multiple subjective probability distributions conjoined by OR or AND operations are given. In addition, we devise a formulation for the corresponding decision making problem.
Construire un réseau de quartier : quand le collectif jardinier imprègne les sociabilités locales. Deux exemples parisiens
Authors: Mestdagh Léa
Published: November 2016

Cet article vise à étudier la manière dont les collectifs de jardins partagés, très homogènes, notamment socialement, s’intègrent dans les sociabilités de leurs adhérents et participent ainsi à la construction de réseaux locaux solides. Il s’appuie sur une enquête qualitative mêlant observation participante, questionnaires et entretiens semi-directifs, et menée au sein de deux jardins partagés de la région francilienne. Les résultats montrent que les réseaux locaux créés par les jardiniers sont mobilisés pour la solidarité et le soutien qu’ils leur apportent, mais également comme une ressource leur permettant de se positionner à l’échelle d’un quartier et d’y exercer une influence quant aux représentations qui y sont associées et aux pratiques qui s’y déploient. Ces réseaux viennent par le fait même renforcer des inégalités existant dans le corps social quant aux capacités à investir et s’approprier un espace.
Les enjeux éthiques de la pratique de l’ergothérapie : perceptions d’ergothérapeutes
Authors: Drolet Marie-Josée , Maclure Joanie
Published: November 2016

Peu d’études ont documenté les enjeux éthiques de la pratique de l’ergothérapie, c’est-à-dire les situations susceptibles de compromettre une valeur éthique. Pour combler cette lacune, une recherche inductive a été menée. À cette fin, un devis phénoménologique a été utilisé, soit la phénoménologie descriptive et transcendantale de Husserl. Des entretiens qualitatifs ont été réalisés auprès de 26 ergothérapeutes francophones du Québec ayant des caractéristiques variées. L’analyse des verbatim montre que plusieurs valeurs sont compromises en pratique, soit : l’autonomie des patients, l’autonomie professionnelle des ergothérapeutes, la dignité humaine, l’engagement occupationnel, l’holisme et l’écologisme, la justice sociale, le partenariat et le professionnalisme. Ces résultats révèlent qu’il est parfois difficile d’actualiser une pratique respectueuse des valeurs estimées importantes pour des ergothérapeutes. En général, les résultats de la recherche sont comparables à ceux des écrits sur le sujet.
Partenariats et innovation organisationnelle dans les coopératives agricoles : l’exemple des vins effervescents et des céréales1
Authors: Reboud Sophie , Tanguy Corinne , Martin Michel
Published: November 2016

Bien que moins étudiée que d’autres formes d’innovation, l’innovation organisationnelle est une composante importante de l’innovation des entreprises, notamment pour celles n’appartenant pas à des secteurs de haute technologie comme c’est le cas des entreprises agricoles et agroalimentaires. Nous nous intéressons plus spécifiquement dans cet article aux coopératives agricoles et à leurs stratégies d’innovation. Trois études de cas nous permettent de montrer comment ces entreprises, plutôt orientées vers des produits bénéficiant de signes de qualité, développent des innovations en s’appuyant sur leur réseau, leurs partenariats, et leurs liens avec leurs adhérents. Cela suppose de leur part des capacités d’absorption et des innovations organisationnelles en complément, voire en substitut, d’innovations technologiques.
L’archive iconographique : que nous révèle la culture visuelle des débuts de la psychiatrie française au dix-neuvième siècle ?
Authors: Jubinville Ginette
Published: November 2016

Cet article vise à construire, par l’analyse d’un domaine archivistique inédit ou négligé, une nouvelle histoire de la naissance de la psychiatrie, celle de sa culture visuelle.

L’analyse des oeuvres d’art commandées par les premiers aliénistes français au début du dix-neuvième siècle met en lumière, d’une manière exceptionnelle, la reconnaissance de subjectivation et d’autonomie de la personne malade mentalement, qui est l’espoir inhérent au projet initial de la psychiatrie.

Les artistes qui répondent aux commandes des premiers aliénistes expriment cet idéal, véhiculé tant par la philanthropie humaniste de l’aliénisme que par le vocabulaire artistique du dix-neuvième siècle, fait d’expression subjective et de recherche d’objectivité. Certains artistes reconnaissent cette subjectivité au malade que ce soit de manière directe dans sa représentation en tant qu’individu autonome, ou dans les portraits d’aliénistes qui induisent sa présence sous le regard du médecin, ou encore de manière implicite dans l’architecture asilaire qui sollicite sa sensibilité et sa cognition.
Les Pinceaux d’Or : une expérience d’hygiène mentale auprès d’aînés en besoins psychosociaux
Authors: Wallot Hubert
Published: November 2016

Vieillir en santé exige l’ajustement d’un développement personnel à poursuivre. Plusieurs recherches, notamment Cohen (2007), ont démontré l’impact positif d’activités artistiques pour les personnes âgées. À Québec est né en 2006 un organisme sans but lucratif (OSBL), Les Pinceaux d’Or. Sa mission est de valoriser les aînés démunis à travers une expérience positive d’apprentissage de la peinture. L’organisme intervient dans des Centres hospitaliers de soins psychiatriques (CHSP), Habitations à loyer modique (HLM) et Centres de jours auprès de personnes référées par les Centres locaux des services communautaires (CLSC) ou les organismes communautaires. L’unique condition de participation : être une personne âgée capable de tenir un pinceau, expérience nouvelle pour la majorité. L’âge moyen est 81 ans, quatre furent centenaires (101 à 109 ans)

Le participant utilise ses souvenirs pour personnaliser le sujet de sa toile, occasion d’échanges émotionnels positifs avec les autres, sans compter le plaisir de découvrir qu’il peut apprendre encore. L’article décrit l’expérience et présente les résultats d’une étude qualitative du Centre d’excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec (CEVQ). Cette activité illustre une forme de contribution au stade intégrité décrite par Erikson et les éléments de la philosophie du rétablissement :
Les expulsions pour arriérés de loyer au Québec : un contentieux de masse
Authors: Gallié Martin , Brunet Julie , Laniel Richard-Alexandre
Published: December 2016

Depuis son entrée en fonction en 1980, la Régie du logement du Québec — le tribunal en charge du contentieux entre propriétaires et locataires — reçoit entre 30 000 et 50 000 demandes d’expulsions pour arriérés de loyer par année. Ces recours représentent entre 45 % et 62 % de l’ensemble du contentieux traité par la Régie, selon les années considérées. Dans une province de huit millions d’habitant(e)s, dont 40 % sont locataires, il s’agit d’un « contentieux de masse ». À partir d’une étude de la législation, de la jurisprudence et d’une enquête de terrain à la Régie, les auteurs s’interrogent sur le droit en vigueur et la procédure relative aux deux cas précis autorisant l’expulsion pour des arriérés de loyer : le retard de plus de trois semaines et les retards fréquents. Ils décrivent une procédure expéditive notamment parce que le pouvoir discrétionnaire des magistrats pour tenir compte des obligations contractuelles des locateurs, de la proportionnalité de la décision, du témoignage et du préjudice des locataires est marginal. Il s’agit ainsi d’un contentieux largement « sans espoir », lors duquel les causes du non-paiement et les conséquences humaines et sociales de l’expulsion sont écartées. Les auteurs défendent alors l’hypothèse que ces éléments contribuent à miner la confiance des justiciables envers le système judiciaire et participent à expliquer l’absentéisme des locataires aux audiences, tout comme le taux extrêmement faible de la représentation par avocat. Dans cette perspective, ils invitent à remettre en question le droit en vigueur et sa conformité avec les règles de droit international au premier rang desquelles, le droit au logement.
La philosophie politique et le Code civil du Québec : l’exemple de la notion de patrimoine
Authors: Ricard Laurence
Published: December 2016

Dans la tradition du droit civil, la réflexion sur les fondements du droit s’est scindée en deux catégories à partir du XIXe siècle : la philosophie du droit a dès lors été délaissée par les juristes au profit d’une théorie du droit, discipline fondée sur les prémisses du positivisme et consacrée à l’étude de la cohérence interne du droit. Ce faisant, la réflexion sur la conception de la justice véhiculée par les textes de droit s’est érodée. De nos jours, la philosophie du droit, une branche de la philosophie politique, connaît un essor spectaculaire dans la tradition anglo-saxonne. Les spécialistes de ce domaine utilisent les outils de la philosophie politique contemporaine pour évaluer les conséquences morales et éthiques du système juridique. Cet article cherche à démontrer la pertinence de l’analyse philosophique du droit civil, et plus particulièrement du Code civil. À titre d’exemple, l’auteure mène une analyse de la notion de patrimoine au sein du Code civil du Québec à travers le prisme des débats de philosophie politique contemporaine au sujet des différentes conceptions de la propriété.
A Constituição e as políticas públicas em Portugal
Authors: Rodrigues Maria De Lurdes , Silva Pedro Adão e
Published: December 2016

The legal foundation for the public policies developed and pursued in Portugal over the last 30 years is the 1976 Constitution and its successive revisions. The inclusion in the Constitution of an obligation on the part of the state to promote and organise public policies designed to construct a welfare state, guaranteeing social protection, healthcare and education for all, was the result of party political commitments that were decisive elements in the creation and consolidation of the free and universal public services we know today.
O artigo 64.º da Constituição da República Portuguesa: saúde
Authors: Crisóstomo Sofia
Published: December 2016

Article 64 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, on Health, has been the object of several amendments over the last 30 years. The timing, sequence and content of these changes are described and analysed in relation to key public health policy measures, taking into account their legal and constitutional implications, the historical-institutional context and its relationship with external factors. The changes proposed during the most recent constitutional review process, in 2010, which was not concluded or implemented, are also described and examined. Finally, the paper discusses the implementation of the three main principles governing the National Health Service: universality, generality, and the tendency towards free healthcare.
Fundamentos constitucionais da igualdade de género
Authors: Fertuzinhos Sónia
Published: December 2016

The 1976 Constitution included equal rights for women in Portuguese constitutional law for the first time. This article uses the literature and the texts of parliamentary debates to analyse the evolution of the constitutional bases for gender equality over the 40-year life of the Constitution and its seven reviews to date. The break with the previous constitutional experience, especially that of 1933, and the transformative dimension of the Constitution that arose from the 1974 revolution are at the roots of the key role the latter had and has in promoting gender equality and public policies in this area. The densification of the gender equality dimension of the principle of equality, marked by increasing demand for factual and not just formal equality, illustrates and accompanies the path taken by women’s rights. The study of that path makes it possible to identify several points for discussion and deepening in future research, including the influence of Portugal’s participation in the European project and in different international organisations, and the importance of the role of different actors in the process of constructing the constitutional text in the gender equality field, with particular attention to women’s organisations.
Population scale mapping of transposable element diversity reveals links to gene regulation and epigenomic variation
Authors: Stuart Tim , Eichten Steven R , Cahn Jonathan , Karpievitch Yuliya V , Borevitz Justin O , Lister Ryan
Published: December 2016

Variation in the presence or absence of transposable elements (TEs) is a major source of genetic variation between individuals. Here, we identified 23,095 TE presence/absence variants between 216 Arabidopsis accessions. Most TE variants were rare, and we find these rare variants associated with local extremes of gene expression and DNA methylation levels within the population. Of the common alleles identified, two thirds were not in linkage disequilibrium with nearby SNPs, implicating these variants as a source of novel genetic diversity. Many common TE variants were associated with significantly altered expression of nearby genes, and a major fraction of inter-accession DNA methylation differences were associated with nearby TE insertions. Overall, this demonstrates that TE variants are a rich source of genetic diversity that likely plays an important role in facilitating epigenomic and transcriptional differences between individuals, and indicates a strong genetic basis for epigenetic variation.
Detection of chlorobenzene in water using a wettability-controlled three-dimensional graphene selective filter
Authors: Lim Taekyung , Lee Jaejun , Kim Jihyoung , Seo Sungwon , Ju Sanghyun
Published: December 2016

An oxide nanowire transistor covered with a wettability-controlled three-dimensional (3D) graphene filter was fabricated to detect chlorobenzene in water. The 3D porous graphene filter allowed chlorobenzene to pass through while blocking water because of its wettability. The chlorobenzene concentration in water could be monitored by observing the threshold voltage shift, which moved to the negative direction with increasing chlorobenzene concentration in water. The advantage of the fabricated device is that it can be used to easily estimate the chlorobenzene concentration in water by consistently monitoring current.
Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties in transition-metal-doped arsenene: Ab initio study
Authors: Luo Min , Shen Yu Hao , Yin Tai Ling
Published: December 2016

The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of arsenene doped with five different transition-metal (TM) atoms (TM = Co, Cu, Mn, Fe, and Ni) are investigated using the density functional theory. Magnetism is observed in the cases of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Ni. Among these four magnetic systems, the Ni-doped system is the most easily formed. Hence, we study the ferromagnetic (FM) interaction in two-Ni-doped arsenene. It is found that the p–d hybridization mechanism results in the ferromagnetic state. However, the FM interaction is obviously depressed by the increasing Ni–Ni distance, which could be well explained by the Zener–Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) theory. Moreover, exotic phenomena appear in the two-Mn-doped system. Both nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic states are observed.
Formation of highly planarized Ni–W electrodeposits for glass imprinting mold
Authors: Yasui Manabu , Kaneko Satoru , Kurouchi Masahito , Ito Hiroaki , Ozawa Takeshi , Arai Masahiro
Published: December 2016

We confirmed that increasing the total metal concentration is effective for the planarization of Ni–W films and Ni–W nanopatterns formed with a uniform height and a 480 nm pitch. At the same time, the W content in Ni–W films decreased. We investigated the relationship between the planarization of Ni–W films and the W content in Ni–W films, and confirmed that increasing the total metal concentration is effective for the inhibition of hydrogen generation. We pointed to the inhibition of hydrogen gas generation as a cause of the planarization of Ni–W films, and the reduction in the hydrogen generation amount necessary for the deposition of W as a cause of the reduction in the W content in Ni–W films. In order to obtain a flat plating film with a high W content, it is necessary to generate an adequate amount of hydrogen on the surface of the cathode and to remove hydrogen gas from the cathode surface immediately.
Hydrogen-surfactant-mediated epitaxy of Ge1−
xSnx layer and its effects on crystalline quality and photoluminescence property
Authors: Nakatsuka Osamu , Fujinami Shunsuke , Asano Takanori , Koyama Takeshi , Kurosawa Masashi , Sakashita Mitsuo , Kishida Hideo , Zaima Shigeaki
Published: December 2016

The effect of hydrogen-surfactant-mediated molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of Ge1−

x
Sn
x
layer on Ge(001) substrate on crystalline quality and photoluminescence (PL) property has been investigated. The effect of irradiation of atomic hydrogen (H) generated by dissociating molecular hydrogen (H2) were examined during the MBE growth. H irradiation significantly improves the surface morphology with the enhancement of the two-dimensional growth of the Ge1−

x
Sn
x
epitaxial layer. Enhanced diffuse scattering is observed in the X-ray diffraction profile, indicating a high density of point defects. In the PL spectrum of the H2-irradiated Ge1−

x
Sn
x
layer, two components are observed, suggesting the radiative recombination with both indirect and direct transitions, while one component related to the direct transition is observable in the H-irradiated sample. The postdeposition annealing in nitrogen ambient at as low as 220 °C decreases the PL intensity of the H-irradiated Ge1−

x
Sn
x
layer, although the intensity is recovered after annealing at 300 °C, suggesting the annihilation of point defects in the Ge1−

x
Sn
x
layer.
Conhecimento e sinergia como indutores da inovação regional em turismo: o caso do Observatório do Turismo no Distrito Federal (Brasil)
Authors: Souza Luis Henrique , Pena Luiz Carlos Spiller , Moesch Marutschka Martini
Published: December 2016

O turismo é o lugar da inovação. A razão desta frase pragmática tem origem na multiplicidade de cenários competitivos que contextualizam empresas e destinos turísticos. A partir dos atuais paradigmas da competitividade, da satisfação e fidelização dos turistas e da oferta de experiências de valor, observa-se uma panóplia de inovações as quais desempenham um papel estratégico na gestão de destinos turísticos. Neste domínio, este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma discussão sobre o tema inovação territorial em turismo com ênfase na troca de conhecimento e sinergia entre os envolvidos pela atividade turística. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na realização de uma análise da literatura sobre os temas inovação em turismo e inovação regional em turismo, utilizando, também, a abordagem qualitativa do estudo de caso acerca da implementação do Observatório do Turismo no Distrito Federal (Brasil) como prática de governança nesta região. Os resultados mostram que a participação do poder público e de instituições de ensino, além da cooperação entre os demais envolvidos por este desenho de governança, foram fatores chaves para a criação de uma plataforma inovadora para a gestão do turismo no destino.