bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing Infiltrative Transitional Cell Carcinoma From Other Infiltrative Lesions of the Kidneys on Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Wibulpolprasert Pornphan , Jungtheerapanich Sasiwimon , Wibulpolprasert Bussanee
Published: December 2019

Background: The infiltrative renal growth pattern is either characteristic of certain prototype transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) or other mimickers. Specific computed tomography (CT) features may be used to differentiate TCCs from other overlap findings. Accurate early diagnosis is important to improve treatment outcome and prevent morbidity and mortality from delayed specific treatment.

Objective: To determine the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) features that discriminate infiltrative TCCs from other infiltrative renal lesions.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients with infiltrative, proven renal lesions on CT from January 2008 to July 2014. Individual CT sequences were analyzed for lesion number, location, size, and density on unenhanced and nephrographic phase scans. Final diagnoses were confirmed by histopathology or clinical or imaging follow-up after treatment. The CT findings of intrarenal TCCs and mimics were compared by using logistic regression analysis.

Results: In 73 patients, there were 18 (24.6%) TCCs, 2 (2.7%) renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 11 (15.1%) lymphomas, 15 (20.5%) renal parenchymal metastases, 17 (23.3%) infections, and 10 (13.7%) other diagnosis. Compared to non-TCCs, intrarenal TCCs were more likely to be solitary lesion, lack intralesional calcification, less avidly enhance in nephrographic phase and infiltrate pelvicalyceal and perinephric tissue (P < .05).

Conclusions: Five MDCT features including solitary lesion, absence of calcification and poor absolute, relative enhancement, pelvicalyceal system involvement, and perinephric tissue invasion were significantly associated with intrarenal and infiltrative TCCs.
Toplumsal Dönüşüm Çerçevesinde Değişen Anlam ve Kullanımlarıyla “Boş Zaman” Sosyolojisi
Authors: GÜVEN Uğur Zeynep
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı toplumsal dönüşüm çerçevesinde boş zaman olgusunun değişen anlam, temsil ve kullanımlarını incelemek ve boş zaman sosyolojisinin temel konularını ve güncel yaklaşımlarını, üretim ilişkileri, tüketim örüntüleri ve gündelik hayatın diğer bileşenleri bağlamında ortaya koymaktır. Makalede, boş zaman sosyolojisinin odağa aldığı okul ya da iş hayatı gibi resmi ya da kurumsal bağlardan azade zaman diliminin ne ölçüde boş veya serbest olduğu sorgulanacaktır. Bu doğrultuda literatür taraması gerçekleştirilerek, öncelikle tarihsel bir yaklaşımla boş zaman olgusunun çağlar boyu değişen anlamı değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır. Ardından, kültürel etkinlik, spor faaliyetleri ve turizm başta olmak üzere “ciddi” ve “ciddi olmayan” türleriyle gündelik hayatın içinde boş zamanın temsili ve kullanımı tartışılacaktır. Son olarak, dünyadan ve ülkemizden örneklerle boş zaman kavramını merkeze alan akademik çalışmalarda değişen yaklaşımlar ortaya konulacaktır. Her şeyin şimdiki zamanın uzamı içine sıkıştırıldığı günümüzde, boş zamanın, derin düşünce ve değer üretiminden uzak, kalıcılığa ulaşmadan sönümlenen kirler ve eylemlerle sarılı etkinlikler dizisine indirgenmiş durumda bulunması çalışmanın temel bulguları arasındadır.
Osman Engin'in "Deutschland Allein Zu Haus" ve Hatice Akyün'ün "Einmal Hans Mit Scharfer Soße" Eserlerinde Kalıp Yargılar
Authors: PERK Derya
Published: December 2019

Yabancı kavramı genel olarak başka bir milletten olan, bilinmeyen, henüz keşfedilmeyen ve hakkında bilgi sahip olunmayan olgular için kullanılmaktadır. İnsan yabancı olduğu her şeye, onu çözümleyene kadar mesafeli bir duruş sergiler ve yabancı olanı çözümlemesi neticesinde zihninde olumlu ya da olumsuz imgeler gelişir. Bu imgeler, insanın kendi tecrübesine dayanabilir ya da duydukları ile şekillenebilir. Bu noktada da kalıp yargılar oluşur. Kalıp yargılar, değişmeyen imgelerdir ve her alanda karşımıza çıkmaktadırlar. Martina Thiele bahsi geçen kalıp yargıları sınıflandırmış ve neticesinde alansal, etnik, dini, cinsiyet ve cinsellikle ilgili, yaş, mesleki, ekonomik ya da sınıfsal, son olarak da bedenle ilgili kalıp yargılar arasındaki farkları ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada Almanya'da yaşayan göçmen yazarlar arasında bulunan Hatice Akyün ve Osman Engin'in eserleri bu sınıflandırma çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Aynı şekilde eserlerden örnekler sunularak bireyin ya da toplumun kendisi ile ilgili oluşturduğu "öz kalıp yargılar", yabancı ya da başkası ile ilgili oluşturulan "hetero kalıp yargılar" ve yabancı ya da başkasının kalıp yargısından yola çıkarak öz ile ilgili çıkarım yapılan "meta kalıp yargılar" üzerinde de durulmuştur.
Clinical significance of occult central nervous system disease in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A multicenter report from the Campus ALL Network
Authors: Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Buzzatti Elisa , Piciocchi Alfonso , Forghieri Fabio , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Lessi Federica , Imbergamo Silvia , Orciuolo Enrico , Rossi Giovanni , Fracchiolla Nicola , Trappolini Silvia , Neri Benedetta , Sarlo Chiara , Zappasodi Patrizia , Dargenio Michelina , Cefalo Mariagiovanna , Irno-Consalvo Maria Antonietta , Conti Consuelo , Paterno Giovangiacinto , De Angelis Gottardo , Sciumè Mariarita , Della Starza Irene , Venditti Adriano , Foà Robin , Guarini Anna Rita
Published: December 2019

In acute lymphoblastic leukemia, flow cytometry detects more accurately leukemic cells in patients' cerebrospinal fluid compared to conventional cytology. However, the clinical significance of flow cytometry positivity with a negative cytology - occult central nervous system disease - is not clear. In the framework of the national Campus ALL program, we retrospectively evaluated the incidence of occult central nervous system disease and its impact on outcome in 240 adult patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. All cerebrospinal fluid samples were investigated by conventional cytology and flow cytometry. The presence of ≥10 phenotypically abnormal events, forming a cluster, was considered as flow cytometry positivity. No central nervous system involvement was documented in 179 patients, while 18 were positive by conventional morphology and 43 were occult central nervous system disease positive. The relapse rate was significantly lower in central nervous system disease negative patients and the disease-free and overall survival were significantly longer in central nervous system disease negative patients than in those with manifest or occult central nervous system disease positive. In multivariate analysis, the status of manifest and occult central nervous system disease positivity was independently associated with a worse overall survival. In conclusion, we demonstrate that in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients at diagnosis flow cytometry can detect occult central nervous system disease at high sensitivity and that the status of occult central nervous system disease positivity is associated with an adverse outcome. (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03803670)
Publications of the nikolaevski Istpartu of the 1920s. as a source on the history of revolutionary events in Nikolaev region
Authors: Gevko Anastasia
Published: December 2019

This article analyzes the domestic memoirs related events 1917–21. Characterized Istpartu activity aimed at collecting evidence memoir. An important key base for researchers of the revolutionary events of 1917-1921 in Ukraine, it occupies a memorial legacy of witnesses of those turbulent years. After the defeat of the liberation struggle and the establishment of Soviet power in Ukraine, Istpartu was created in 1921.
At one time, Istpartu took a leading place among the scientific institutions of Ukraine. Istpartu had its own journal, Chronicle of the Revolution, 57 issues were issued, in which memoirs were published mainly by supporters of the Soviet camp. "Chronicle of the revolution" in 1922-1935 published 168 memories of revolutionary events in Ukraine, among the authors there were 123 direct participants in those events.
The activities of Istpartu at the regional level contributed to the study and publication of materials on the history of the revolution and the Civil War in Ukraine. Also, in the field, in the 1920s. local editions of regional Eastparts began to appear.
Mostly these were collections of documents and memoirs, which often contain unique material that did not appear in official documents. For example, the book “Pages of the struggle. The collection of materials on the history of the revolutionary movement in Nikolaev", prepared by the Nikolaev Istpartu in 1923.
In Soviet Ukraine, after the establishment of the dictatorship of the Bolsheviks, writing memoirs (with a non-Soviet perception of the past) about the revolutionary events of 1917 and the Civil War, and even more so publishing them, was practically impossible, and not only because of restrictions on archives, but also because hard censorship behind the printed word. The memoirs that were issued in those years for the
“Marxist approach” are characterized by Soviet schematics and ideologically verified published material.
The medical demographic situation in the Mykolaiv region of the late XX - beginning of the XXI century
Authors: Kucher Vitaliy
Published: December 2019

The proposed article analyzes the actual problem of development of the medical demographic situation in the Mykolaiv region at the end of the XX - at the beginning of the XXI century. Characterization of scientific works on this subject is given. The level of disease spread in the region is determined, their origins and the morbidity of the population are found out. The impact of the environmental situation on the health of the population of Mykolaiv region is demonstrated. The description of housing and living conditions is given and their negative impact on the health of the residents of Mykolaiv region is explained. The growth rates of active tuberculosis among the residents of Mykolaiv region are analyzed. The changes in the medical field and their consequences are evaluated. The main factors that negatively affect the medical demographic situation in the region are identified. The reasons for the increase in craving for non-traditional treatments are substantiated. Attention is paid to the health of the mental plan and specific diseases in the field. Prerequisites for the spread of alcoholism and drug addiction in the region are analyzed. The methods of control of these diseases are evaluated. On the basis of statistical material the level of morbidity among children of the Nikolaev area is determined. The problems of the spread of AIDS in the territory of Mykolaiv region are involved. The impact of the Chernobyl accident on the spread of radiation diseases among the population of the region has been determined. Attention was drawn to the positive developments in the medical field at the beginning of the 21st century. Based on the material studied, their consequences and disadvantages were evaluated. The logistical condition of health care institutions and the attempts to improve the medical demographic situation in the region are analyzed. Based on the material studied, the problems of this field and the ways of their further solving are determined.
Pérez Francesh, Juan Luis: «El Gobierno» (Recensión)
Authors: García Pechuán Mariano
Published: January 2020

Recensión sobre la obra: Juan Luis Pérez Francesh. El Gobierno, Madrid, Tecnos, 1993, «Temas Clave De La Constitución Española», 162 páginas. ISBN: 84-309-2310-1.
Debray, Régis: L'État séducteur: «les révolutions médiologiques du pouvoir» (recensión)
Authors: Maciá Gómez Mateo
Published: January 2020

Recensión de la obra de Debray, Régis: L'État séducteur: «les révolutions médiologiques du pouvoir»
Crónica parlamentaria de 1994 : los periodos de sesiones II y III de la V Legislatura en el Congreso de los Diputados
Authors: García Fernández Lidia
Published: January 2020

Reflexión sobre los períodos de sesiones II y III de la V Legislatura en el Congreso de los Diputados.
Control parlamentario y cooperación interparlamentaria en la incorporación, aplicación y seguimiento de las consecuencias de las normas del Derecho europeo en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea
Authors: Kretschmer Gerald
Published: January 2020

Reflexión sobre el Control parlamentario y cooperación interparlamentaria en la incorporación, aplicación y seguimiento de las consecuencias de las normas del Derecho europeo en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea.
Da Silva Ochoa, Juan Carlos (coord.), Wolfgang Zeh (et al): «Las Comisiones Parlamentarias» (recensión)
Authors: Vintró Castells Joan , Torres Bonet María
Published: January 2020

Recensión sobre la obra de Juan Carlos Da Silva Ochoa (coord.), Wolfgang Zeh (et al): «Las Comisiones Parlamentarias».
Ciclo de conferencias sobre las tendencias del parlamentarismo
Authors: Vera Santos José Manuel
Published: January 2020

A raíz de los sucesos acaecidos en los países del Este europeo, que han supuesto el desmoronamiento del gigante soviético y socavado, al menos en su aspecto jurídico-político, el ideario del llamado socialismo real, se han vuelto a revitalizar las discusiones generalizadas sobre la vitualidad de los modelos de representatividad en las democracias occidentales. Este hecho se funda en una obviedad: a la democracia le convenía para recordar al mundo que era «el peor modo de gobierno si exceptuamos los demás», la existencia de un enemigo schmittiano que le sirviera de contrapunto. Si ese enemigo desaparece, la dialéctica de enfrentamiento se interrumpe y la democracia no puede seguir justificándose a sensu contrario frente a lo que ocurría más allá del telón de acero. Por todo lo anterior, la democracia se ve compelida a intentar mejorar la relación representativa en la cual se basa, adecuando la institución parlamentaria a las demandas societarias e instaurando una total fluidez en la relación existente entre gobernantes y gobernados. Dentro de este ámbito de estudio se intentan explicar las críticas actuales a la propia institución y a la organización y funcionamiento de las Cortes Generales.
Expósito Gómez, Enriqueta: «La libertad de cátedra» (Recensión)
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Javier
Published: January 2020

Recensión sobre la obra: Enriqueta Expósito Gómez: La libertad de cátedra, Madrid, Editorial Tecnos, S. A., 1995.
Nota de la Secretaría General del Congreso de los Diputados sobre el alcance del artículo 15 de la Ley Orgánica 3/1984, reguladora de la iniciativa legislativa popular.
Authors: Congreso de los Diputados Secretaría General
Published: January 2020

Nota de la Secretaría General del Congreso de los Diputados sobre el alcance del artículo 15 de la Ley Orgánica 3/1984, re­guladora de la iniciativa legislativa popular.
Media Cerita Bergambar Tentang Pengenalan Seks Dini Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Oktarina Natalia Devi , Liyanovitasari Liyanovitasari
Published: January 2020

Fenomena kekerasan seksual pada anak terjadi peningkatan tahun 2015 sebanyak 2.898 kasus kekerasan dan 59,30% adalah kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak. Anak menjadi depresi dan dapat menjadi pelaku kekerasan seksual dikemudian hari. Pengenalan pendidikan seks dini berguna untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan mengembangkan kemampuan anak dalam mendeteksi perlakuan yang diberikan oleh para pelaku kekerasan seksual. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan anak PAUD sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan seks dini melalui media cerita bergambar. Desain penelitian ini deskriptif korelatif dengan pendekatan Quasy experimental pre post test one group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak usia 3-5 thn di PAUD Candirejo Kabupaten Semarang sebanyak 165 anak. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Simple random sampling sebanyak 90 anak. Instrumen pengetahuan anak terdiri dari 10 pertanyaan dengan pilihan jawaban benar salah. Metode pengumpulan data meliputi tahap pre test pengetahuan anak tentang pendidikan seks dini, pengenalan dan pemberian materi media cerita bergambar tentang pendidikan seks dini pada anak, dan  post test pengetahuan anak PAUD. Analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan Uji t-test dependent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan anak PAUD setelah diberikan pengenalan pendidikan seks dini melalui media cerita bergambar mengalami peningkatan rata-rata 6,99 dibandingkan sebelum diberikan pengenalan media rata-rata 4,82 dengan p-value 0,001. Perlu adanya pengembangan materi media cerita bergambar tentang pengenalan seks dini pada anak dan media cerita bergambar ini dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran pada anak PAUD.

Kata Kunci : Media cerita bergambar, pengenalan seks dini, anak PAUD
Amaç ve Politikalar Açısından Yerel Yönetimler: Onuncu ve On Birinci Kalkınma Planları Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
Authors: ÖNER Serif
Published: January 2020

Toplumsal taleplere bağlı olarak kamu hizmetlerinin
etkin-verimli sunulması kurumların öncelikli amaçlarıdır. Mevcut kurumlar
öngörülen amaçlara erişmek noktasında her zaman başarılı olamamıştır. Ekonomik,
sosyal, siyasal,  enformatik vb. alanda
yaşanan değişimler kurumların işleyişinde ciddi sorunlar ortaya çıkarmıştır.
Mevcut yöneten-yönetilen ilişkisinin sıkışıp kaldığı demokrasi uygulamaları
sorunların çözümünde yetersiz kalmıştır. Sorunları aşmak için kamu kesimi, özel
sektör ve yerel unsurların birlikte hareket etmesi bir seçenek olarak
belirlenmiştir. Toplumsal, küresel ve bölgesel ölçekli sorunların çözümünde
demokrasi ve katılım aracı öne çıkarılmıştır. Evrensel yönetim anlayışı
açısından katılım ve demokrasi uygulamaları için temel uygulama alanı yerel
yönetimlerdir. Ülkemizde kurumsal açıdan yerel yönetimler Tanzimat reformları
ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Cumhuriyetin ilanıyla gerçekleşen reformlardan yerel
yönetimlerde (özellikle belediyelerde) etkilenmiş ve yasal-kurumsal değişimler
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yerel yönetimler planlı kalkınma dönemi ile kapsamlı
şekilde ele alınmaya başlanmıştır. Yerel yönetimlerin idari, mali sorunları,
kentleşme ve köy kalkınması öne çıkmıştır. Avrupa Birliği ile kurulan
ilişkilere bağlı olarak demokrasi ve katılım kavramları yerel yönetimlere daha
etkin şekilde yansıtılmıştır. Süreç içinde modern yönetim araçları yerele
aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır: yönetişim, özerklik, açıklık, stratejik planlama,
performans yönetimi, vb. Ayrıca, merkezi yönetim tarafından yerel yönetimlere
ilişkin mali ve idari sorunlar öne çıkarılmış ancak tatmin edici çözümler üretilememiştir.
Türkiye’de, 1963’den günümüze on tane kalkınma planı hazırlanmış ve 23 Temmuz
2019’da 11. plan yürürlüğe girmiştir. İçeriği itibariyle kalkınma planları tüm
sektörlere ve sorun alanlarına yönelik hedefler belirlemektedir. Ülkemizde
hazırlanan kalkınma planları yerel yönetimlerle ilgili politika ve hedeflere
yer vermiştir. Çalışmamızda dönemsel açıdan son iki plan ele alınmaktadır: on
ve on birinci plan. İlgili planlar yerel yönetimlere ilişkin öngördükleri
politika ve amaçlar açısından ele alınmaktadır. 11. Kalkınma planının
içeriğinde geçmiş dönem planlarına ait atıflar bulunmakta ve büyükşehirlere
yönelik reform öngörülmektedir. Ayrıca; insan odaklı şehir, yeşil şehir, akıllı
şehir, katılımcılık, şeffaflık, hesap verilebilirlik, vb. konulara yer
verilmektedir. Tüm bu yaklaşımlar 11. plan döneminde yerel yönetimlere ilişkin
değişimin devam edeceğini göstermektedir.
Brexit Süreci ve AB ile İngiltere’nin Geleceği İçin Olası Modeller
Authors: AKIN Soner , BULUT Yakup
Published: January 2020

The Brexit or Brexit crisis is the same term for
the UK exit beginner project of the European Union (known as the code name for
the meaning as British exit from the European Union).  As is known, this process was started
officially started via following the referendum of 23th June in 2016 which
presented the victory of the supporters who had been wishing to leave the EU at
the near value as %52. Nowadays, the exist process gained a different meaning,
hence it refers today to realizing the withdrawal agreements negotiated with
the long withdrawal procedure started on 29th  March in 2017. The new Brexit agreement was
scheduled to be voted as a motion at the extraordinary session of the House of
Commons on 14TH October in 2019, but upon the adoption of the
proposed amendment by Oliver Letwin, the moderate Conservative MP of the ruling
Conservative Party, the government withdrew the motion. Letwin's amendment
proposal aims to prevent Britain from "accidentally" leaving the EU
unintentionally before the Brexit agreement is enacted. In this paper the
possible process of Brexit will be discussed, and its effects on UK’s foreign
policy and available EU member and candidate countries are going to be paid
attention.
Timely Euthanasia in the United States Dairy Industry–Challenges and a Path Forward
Authors: Walker Jennifer B. , Roman-Muniz I. Noa , Edwards-Callaway Lily N
Published: January 2020

Euthanasia is a valuable management tool utilized on dairies to end the suffering of sick or debilitated cows. Euthanasia should be implemented if an animal’s pain cannot be adequately alleviated and if there is a limited chance of recovery. To be humane, euthanasia should be quick, painless, and administered by a trained individual. Despite its importance in ensuring cow well-being, the timeliness with which euthanasia decisions are made for dairy cattle is often overlooked or neglected. The timeliness of euthanasia is as important as the efficient, rapid administration of euthanasia itself. Timely euthanasia is a critical component of many on-farm animal care and verification programs yet opportunities exist within the industry to improve how effectively the industry is executing this critical component of cow management. There are challenges associated with performing euthanasia in a timely manner, such as inconsistencies in treatment protocols, inadequate employee training, difficulties assessing a cow’s quality of life, and impacts of the human–animal bond on decision-making. The objective of this paper is to explain the importance of timely euthanasia to dairy cattle welfare, identify the challenges that can prevent the timeliness of euthanasia, and provide solutions and practical suggestions for improving the management of timely euthanasia on dairies.
Heterogeneous Phases Reaction Equilibrium in an Oxy-Thermal Carbide Furnace
Authors: Xiong Wenjie , Chen Xiaohui , Wang Quanyong , Gao Min , Zheng Danxing , Mai Yuliang , Hu Wei
Published: January 2020

This work focuses on revealing the chemical reaction equilibrium behaviors of gas–liquid–solid heterogeneous phases in an oxy-thermal carbide furnace. From a CaC2 formation mechanism investigation, it was determined that a one-step mechanism occurs when there is an excess of C and a high CO partial pressure, which inhibits the formation of Ca in the system, and a two-step mechanism occurs when there is insufficient C and a low CO partial pressure, which promotes the formation of Ca. Based on the calculated results of the equilibrium compositions at 100 kPa and different temperature conditions, the chemical reaction equilibrium behaviors of gas–liquid–solid heterogeneous phases in an oxy-thermal carbide furnace were analyzed at conditions of excess C and insufficient C.
Response of Optically Transparent pH Sensing Films to Temperature and Temperature Variations
Authors: Topasna Daniela M. , Topasna Gregory A.
Published: December 2019

There are numerous applications for thin films based chemical pH sensors, in such areas as biomedical, military, environmental, food, and consumer products. pH sensitive films fabricated through the ionic self-assembled monolayers technique were made of polyelectrolyte polyallylamine hydrochloride and the water-soluble organic dye molecule Direct Yellow 4. The films were monitored in various environmental conditions and for selected periods, at temperatures varying between −13.7 and 46.2 °C. Absorbance measurements and atomic force microscopy performed before and after thermal treatment indicate that for optimized thickness and composition the films maintain their functionality and are not affected by long-term exposure at these temperatures.
An Efficient Two-Layer Non-Hydrostatic Model for Investigating Wave Run-Up Phenomena
Authors: Magdalena Ikha , Erwina Novry
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we study the maximum run-up of solitary waves on a sloping beach and over a reef through a non-hydrostatic model. We do a modification on the non-hydrostatic model derived by Stelling and Zijlema. The model is approximated by resolving the vertical fluid depth into two-layer system. In contrast to the two-layer model proposed by Stelling, here, we have a block of a tridiagonal matrix for the hydrodynamic pressure. The equations are then solved by applying a staggered finite volume method with predictor-corrector step. For validation, several test cases are presented. The first test is simulating the propagation of solitary waves over a flat bottom. Good results in amplitude and shape preservation are obtained. Furthermore, run-up simulations are conducted for solitary waves climbing up a sloping beach, following the experimental set-up by Synolakis. In this case, two simulations are performed with solitary waves of small and large amplitude. Again, good agreements are obtained, especially for the prediction of run-up height. Moreover, we validate our numerical scheme for wave run-up simulation over a reef, and the result confirms the experimental data.
Solidification Morphology and Bifurcation Predictions with the Maximum Entropy Production Rate Model
Authors: Delali Bensah Yaw , Sekhar J. A.
Published: December 2019

The use of the principle of maximum entropy generation per unit volume is a new approach in materials science that has implications for understanding the morphological evolution during solid–liquid interface growth, including bifurcations with or without diffuseness. A review based on a pre-publication arXiv preprint is first presented. A detailed comparison with experimental observations indicates that the Maximum Entropy Production Rate-density model (MEPR) can correctly predict bifurcations for dilute alloys during solidification. The model predicts a critical diffuseness of the interface at which a plane-front or any other form of diffuse interface will become unstable. A further confidence test for the model is offered in this article by comparing the predicted liquid diffusion coefficients to those obtained experimentally. A comparison of the experimentally determined solute diffusion constant in dilute binary Pb–Sn alloys with those predicted by the various solidification instability models (1953–2011) is additionally discussed. A good predictability is noted for the MEPR model when the interface diffuseness is small. In comparison, the more traditional interface break-down models have low predictiveness.
Effect of Moisture on Gas Emissions from Stored Woody Biomass
Authors: He Xiao , Lau Anthony K. , Sokhansanj Shahab
Published: December 2019

Biomass materials have been increasingly used due to their renewable nature. The problems occurring during the storage of fresh woody materials include gas emissions and dry matter losses as a result of degradation. The objective of this study was to investigate and quantify the effect of moisture content on gas emissions from stored wood chips. Experiments were conducted under non-aerobic and aerobic conditions using fresh Western Red Cedar (WRC) chips with different initial moisture contents over a range of temperatures. The peak CO2 emission factor of 2.9 g/kg dry matter (DM) was observed from high moisture chips at 20 °C under non-aerobic conditions after two-month storage, which was an order of magnitude greater than that from low moisture chips. In the case of volatile organic compounds, a range of compounds were detected from all tests. The concentration of VOCs was found to be positively correlated with moisture content. Gas emissions from the aerobic reactors exhibited similar trends as non-aerobic reactors with respect to the effect of moisture content, although higher values were observed under aerobic conditions. Slight reduction of dry mass from all tests at the end of storage indicated the decay-resistance characteristics of WRC.
A Test of Using Markov-Switching GARCH Models in Oil and Natural Gas Trading
Authors: De la Torre-Torres Oscar V. , Galeana-Figueroa Evaristo , Álvarez-García José
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we test the use of Markov-switching (MS) GARCH (MSGARCH) models for trading either oil or natural gas futures. Using weekly data from 7 January 1994 to 31 May 2019, we tested the next trading rule: to invest in the simulated commodity if the investor expects to be in the low-volatility regime at t + 1 or to otherwise hold the risk-free asset. Assumptions for our simulations included the following: (1) we assumed that the investors trade in a homogeneous (Gaussian or t-Student) two regime context and (2) the investor used a time-fixed, ARCH, or GARCH variance in each regime. Our results suggest that the use of the MS Gaussian model, with time-fixed variance, leads to the best performance in the oil market. For the case of natural gas, we found no benefit of using our trading rule against a buy-and-hold strategy in the three-month U.S. Treasury bills.
Minimization of Power Losses through Optimal Battery Placement in a Distributed Network with High Penetration of Photovoltaics
Authors: Alzahrani Ahmed , Alharthi Hussain , Khalid Muhammad
Published: December 2019

The problems associated with the deployment of intermittent, unpredictable and uncontrollable solar photovoltaics (PV) can be feasibly solved with battery energy storage systems (BESS), particularly in terms of optimizing the available capacity, increasing reliability and reducing system losses. Consequently, the degree of importance of BESS increases in proportion to the level of PV penetration. Nevertheless, the respective high cost of BESS imposes a huge concern and the need to establish a techno-economic solution. In this paper, we investigate the system losses and power quality issues associated with the high deployment of PV in a grid network and hence formulate BESS capacity optimization and placement methodology based on a genetic algorithm. The concept of the proposed methodology has been tested and validated on a standard IEEE 33 bus system. A brief stepwise analysis is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology in reducing the incremental system losses experienced with increased PV penetration. Furthermore, based on the proposed optimization objectives, a comparative study has also been performed to quantify the impact and effectiveness of aggregated and distributed placement of BESS. The results obtained exhibit a substantial reduction in system losses, particularly in the case of distributed BESS placement.
Low-Frequency Wind Energy Variability in the Continental Contiguous United States
Authors: Boretti Alberto , Castelletto Stefania
Published: December 2019

Wind energy is characterized by exceptionally large power fluctuations at the single energy facility level, that remain significant also considering the average of the many different energy facilities connected to the same grid. A high-frequency statistic, 1 min or less sampling time, is needed to understand this variability and design the energy storage facilities needed to replace the combustion fuel power plants now used to stabilize a grid. While high-frequency data are unavailable for the United States, low-frequency data, collected monthly, allow assessing the month-to-month and year-to-year variability, and define a low-frequency variability “performance”. The manuscript analyzes the output of the onshore wind energy facilities of capacity more than 250 MW in the continental contiguous United States. The differences between wind energy facilities within the same macro-region, also in about the same location, are shown, for both the annual average capacity factor and the low-frequency variability parameters. Wind energy facilities with larger annual average capacity factors have reduced variability parameters, both seasonal and inter-annual, thus performing better. The facilities with a larger annual average capacity factor also feature smaller variations in between their monthly and annual outputs.
Stability of Vitamins B1, B2, B6 and E in a Fortified Military Freeze-Dried Meal During Extended Storage
Authors: Coad Ross , Bui Lan
Published: January 2020

Australian military ration packs contain a variety of processed foods, including some that are fortified with vitamins. In this study, freeze-dried meals, a key component of lightweight patrol ration packs, were fortified at the time of packing by direct addition of a vitamin premix containing vitamins B1, B2, B6 and E. Fortification was at three levels: 50%, 100% and 200% of the recommended vitamin content for military ration packs. Vitamin stability was determined following storage at temperatures of 1 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C for up to 24 months. HPLC methods were used to measure vitamin content; water activity and colour were also determined. Mean 24-month retention rates across all temperatures and fortification levels were 94%, 97%, 86% and 77% for vitamins B1, B2, B6 and E, respectively. Water activity increased with storage temperature, whereas colour changes due to fortification and storage temperature were at the threshold of visual detection. Fortification of freeze-dried meals would be an effective means of improving the quality of light weight military ration packs by addressing shortfalls in vitamin levels.
Study of the Spatio-Temporal Differentiation of Factors Influencing Carbon Emission of the Planting Industry in Arid and Vulnerable Areas in Northwest China
Authors: Huang Yujie , Su Yang , Li Ruiliang , He Haiqing , Liu Haiyan , Li Feng , Shu Qin
Published: December 2019

Due to the importance of understanding the relationship between agricultural growth and environmental quality, we analyzed how high-quality agricultural development can affect carbon emissions in Northwest China. Based on the concept of the environmental Kuznets curve, this study uses provincial panel data from 1993 to 2017 to make empirical analyses inflection point changes and spatio-temporal differences in agricultural carbon emissions. The highlights of our findings are as follows: (1) In Northwest China, there is an inverse N-shape curve, and the critical values are 3578 yuan/hm2 and 45,738 yuan/hm2, respectively. (2) For 2017, the agricultural economic intensity was 50,670 yuan/hm2, exceeding the critical value (high inflection point) of 45,738 yuan/hm2. (3) Ningxia, Gansu, and Qinghai have not reached the turning point. Having comparable climate, natural conditions, and overall environmental factors, these three provinces would reach the turning point at similar time periods. (4) The average value in agricultural carbon emission intensity in the region is 767.79 kg/hm2, and the order based on intensity is Xinjiang > Shaanxi > Ningxia > Gansu > Qinghai.
Daily Medication Management and Adherence in the Polymedicated Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal
Authors: Gomes Daniel , Placido Ana Isabel , Mó Rita , Simões João Lindo , Amaral Odete , Fernandes Isabel , Lima Fátima , Morgado Manuel , Figueiras Adolfo , Herdeiro Maria Teresa , Roque Fátima
Published: December 2019

The presence of age-related comorbidities prone elderly patients to the phenomenon of polypharmacy and consequently to a higher risk of nonadherence. Thus, this paper aims to characterize the medication consumption profile and explore the relationship of beliefs and daily medication management on medication adherence by home-dwelling polymedicated elderly people. A questionnaire on adherence, managing, and beliefs of medicines was applied to polymedicated patients with ≥65 years old, in primary care centers of the central region of Portugal. Of the 1089 participants, 47.7% were considered nonadherent. Forgetfulness (38.8%), difficulties in managing medication (14.3%), concerns with side effects (10.7%), and the price of medication (9.2%) were pointed as relevant medication nonadherence-related factors. It was observed that patients who had difficulties managing medicines, common forgetfulness, concerns with side effects, doubting the need for the medication, considered prices expensive, and had a lack of trust for some medicines had a higher risk of being nonadherent. This study provides relevant information concerning the daily routine and management of medicines that can be useful to the development of educational strategies to promote health literacy and improve medication adherence in polymedicated home-dwelling elderly.
Health-Related Disparities among Migrant Children at School Entry in Germany. How does the Definition of Migration Status Matter?
Authors: Führer Amand , Tiller Daniel , Brzoska Patrick , Korn Marie , Gröger Christine , Wienke Andreas
Published: December 2019

Background: Migration background is known to be an important risk factor for a number of medical outcomes. Still, relatively little is known about the epidemiologic relevance of different definitions of migration status. Methods: Data from 5250 school entry examinations spanning three consecutive years (2015–2017) were gathered from the Public Health Department in Halle, Germany. Data were stratified according to six different migration statuses and evaluated for differences in health service utilization and developmental outcomes. Results: Compared to non-migrant children, migrant children have a lower utilization of preventative services, and higher frequencies of developmental delays. Children with first-generation migration background consistently show results worse than all others, while children with one-sided second-generation migration background show results similar to those of their non-migrant peers. These findings are not substantially altered by adjustment for social status. Conclusions: Children with first-generation migration background should receive special attention in school entry examinations, since they constitute a group with consistently higher health risks compared to other groups of preschoolers.
Psychological Safety in Ghana: Empirical Analyses of Antecedents and Consequences
Authors: Opoku Mavis Agyemang , Choi Suk Bong , Kang Seung-Wan
Published: December 2019

This study examines psychological safety as a mediator in the relationship between Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) and voice behavior. Based on the conservation of resources theory, a moderated mediation framework was used to examine human capital investments, specifically employee education and tenure, as boundary conditions of this relationship. The research hypotheses were tested with a sample of 207 employee-supervisor dyads working in a time-lagged design. The study found that psychological safety is an intermediary mechanism through which LMX affects voice behavior. Employees’ level of education negatively moderates the relationship between LMX and psychological safety. Furthermore, the results suggest that organizational tenure accentuates the relationship between LMX and psychological safety, and strengthens the indirect effect of LMX on voice behavior. The theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed in addition to directions for future research.
Temperament and Sense of Coherence: Emotional Intelligence as a Mediator
Authors: Szcześniak Małgorzata , Strochalska Klaudia
Published: December 2019

Sense of coherence (SOC) reflects an individual’s capacity and available resources to deal with stressful situations. For some time now studies have revealed that people differ in their experience of SOC; yet, very little is known about how and through which mechanisms a high level of SOC is formed. In order to increase our understanding about the paths to a high SOC in the stage of adulthood, we focused on exploring the role both of temperament, as it has been confirmed as a potential component in the development of more complex traits that emerge later in life, and of emotional intelligence (EI) as it has been found to increase SOC. The sample consisted of 173 participants between 18 and 49. We used the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ), and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (INTE). Results showed a negative correlation between the depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious dimensions of temperament and SOC, and EI. There was also a positive correlation between hyperthymic temperament and SOC, and EI. EI correlated positively with a general sense of coherence and its three dimensions. The PROCESS macro for SPSS showed that emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious temperament, comprehensibility, manageability, meaningfulness, and global orientation to life. On the basis of the obtained outcomes, it can be stated that emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between dimensions of temperament and dimensions of SOC.
Exploring the Impact of Unsafe Behaviors on Building Construction Accidents Using a Bayesian Network
Authors: Guo Shengyu , He Jiali , Li Jichao , Tang Bing
Published: December 2019

Unsafe behavior is a critical factor leading to construction accidents. Despite numerous studies supporting this viewpoint, the process by which accidents are influenced by construction workers’ unsafe behaviors and the extent to which unsafe behaviors are involved in this process remain poorly discussed. Therefore, this paper selects cases from Chinese building construction accidents to explore the probabilistic transmission paths from unsafe behaviors to accidents using a Bayesian network. First, a list of unsafe behaviors is constructed based on safety standards and operating procedures. Second, several chains of unsafe behaviors are extracted from 287 accident cases within four types (fall, collapse, struck-by and lifting) to form a Bayesian network model. Finally, two accidents are specifically analyzed to verify the rationality of the proposed model through forward reasoning. Additionally, critical groups of unsafe behaviors leading to the four types of accidents are identified through backward reasoning. The results show the following: (i) The time sequence of unsafe behaviors in a chain does not affect the final posterior probability of an accident, but the accident attribute strength of an unsafe behavior, affects the growth rate of the posterior probability of an accident. (ii) The four critical groups of unsafe behaviors leading to fall, collapse, struck-by, and lifting are identified. This study is of theoretical and practical significance for on-site behavioral management and accident prevention.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of the Hairy Roots of Brassica campestris L. in Response to Cadmium Stress
Authors: Sun Yaping , Lu Qianyun , Cao Yushen , Wang Menghua , Cheng Xiyu , Yan Qiong
Published: December 2019

Brassica campestris L., a hyperaccumulator of cadmium (Cd), is considered a candidate plant for efficient phytoremediation. The hairy roots of Brassica campestris L are chosen here as a model plant system to investigate the response mechanism of Brassica campestris L. to Cd stress. High-throughput sequencing technology is used to identify genes related to Cd tolerance. A total of 2394 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are identified by RNA-Seq analysis, among which 1564 genes are up-regulated, and 830 genes are down-regulated. Data from the gene ontology (GO) analysis indicate that DEGs are mainly involved in metabolic processes. Glutathione metabolism, in which glutathione synthetase and glutathione S-transferase are closely related to Cd stress, is identified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. A Western blot shows that glutathione synthetase and glutathione S-transferase are involved in Cd tolerance. These results provide a preliminary understanding of the Cd tolerance mechanism of Brassica campestris L. and are, hence, of particular importance to the future development of an efficient phytoremediation process based on hairy root cultures, genetic modification, and the subsequent regeneration of the whole plant.
Protein and Polysaccharide-Based Magnetic Composite Materials for Medical Applications
Authors: Bealer Elizabeth J. , Kavetsky Kyril , Dutko Sierra , Lofland Samuel , Hu Xiao
Published: December 2019

The combination of protein and polysaccharides with magnetic materials has been implemented in biomedical applications for decades. Proteins such as silk, collagen, and elastin and polysaccharides such as chitosan, cellulose, and alginate have been heavily used in composite biomaterials. The wide diversity in the structure of the materials including their primary monomer/amino acid sequences allow for tunable properties. Various types of these composites are highly regarded due to their biocompatible, thermal, and mechanical properties while retaining their biological characteristics. This review provides information on protein and polysaccharide materials combined with magnetic elements in the biomedical space showcasing the materials used, fabrication methods, and their subsequent applications in biomedical research.
Autophagy-Like Cell Death Regulates Hydrogen Peroxide and Calcium Ion Distribution in Xa3/Xa26-Mediated Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Cao Jianbo , Zhang Meng , Zhu Mengmeng , He Limin , Xiao Jinghua , Li Xianghua , Yuan Meng
Published: December 2019

The broad-spectrum and durable resistance gene Xa3/Xa26 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) has been widely exploited in rice production in China. But the cytological features of the Xa3/Xa26-mediated resistance reaction have been rarely reported. This study reveals the cytological characteristics of the Xa3/Xa26-mediated resistance reaction against Xoo to uncover the functions of hypersensitive response programmed cell death (HR-PCD) in rice. Autophagy-like cell death, which was characterized by double-membrane bodies appearance in xylem parenchyma cell and mesophyll cell, was inhibited by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenin (3-MA). The autophagy-related genes were induced to reach a high level in resistance reaction. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) maintained a low concentration on the plasma membrane. The calcium ions localized on the apoplast were transferred into the vacuole. The autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) impaired Xa3/Xa26-mediated resistance by promoting the accumulation of H2O2, and inhibited the transfer of extracellular calcium ions into the vacuole in the xylem parenchyma cells and mesophyll cells. Therefore, the HR-PCD belongs to autophagy-like cell death in the Xa3/Xa26-mediated resistance reaction. These results suggest that the autophagy-like cell death participates in the Xa3/Xa26-mediated resistance by negatively regulating H2O2 accumulation, in order to abolish oxidative stress and possibly activate calcium ion signals in xylem parenchyma cells of the rice leaf.