bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN FLY ASH PADA BETON MUTU TINGGI TERHADAP NILAI KUAT TEKAN
Authors: Rizki Andi
Published: November 2022

Beton berkekuatan tinggi ialah suatu beton yang dimana kekuatannya di atas 41,4 MPa. Penggunaan untuk beton mutu tinggi ini sering digunakan di masa saat ini. Untuk memanfaatkan limbah yang tidak digunakan, fly ash merupakan salah satu material yang memiliki spesifikasi untuk penggunaan pada beton mutu tinggi. Oleh karena itu tujuan dilangsungkannya pengujian ini yakni untuk melihat standar yang dimiliki oleh fly ash terhadap kekuatan beton yang akan dijadikan sebagai bahan tambah. Riset ini akan berfokus untuk pengujian kuat tekan pada beton mutu tinggi. sampel yang digunakan berukuran 15 x 30 cm. Berdasarkan riset yang telah dilakukan pada beton hari ke 28 adalah untuk persentase 0% bernilai 50,8 MPa, untuk persentase 5% bernilai 51,4 MPa, untuk persentase 10% bernilai 52,01 MPa, untuk persentase 12% bernilai 51,6 MPa, untuk persentase 15% bernilai 50,6 MPa, dan untuk persentase 20% bernilai 49,5 MPa. Nilai tertinggi adalah 52,01 MPa pada persentase 10%. Kesimpulan dari riset ini adalah kekuatan beton dengan ditambahkan material fly ash sampai 10% meningkat, namun menurun pada persentase 10%. Hal ini dikarenakan fly ash berperan sebagai pengisi yang dimana berguna untuk mengisi rongga pada beton. Namun jika kelebihan proporsi fly ash, maka beton akan semakin sulit untuk padat yang dimana hal ini bisa menurunkan kekuatan pada beton
THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF GIBBERELLIC ACID SEEDS SOAKING AND FOLIAR TO ABSCISIC ACID IN THE GROWTH , ANISE OIL YIELD AND ITS CHEMICAL CONTENT
Authors: B. I. Mustafa S.
Published: November 2022

A field experiment was carried out during two winter season 2013, 2014 at the field of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, to study the effect of seeds soaking with Gibberellic acid and foliar with Abscisic Acid on the growth, yield, and content of Anise oil seeds using factorial experiment within RCBD design with three replicates. The seeds was treated within GA3 were soaked with two concentrations of  30, and 60 mg. litter-1 in addition to without soaking and the code has been B0 , B1 , B2 overlapped these transactions with two concentrations of Abscisic Acid  3, and 6 mg. litter-1 in addition to without foliar A0 , A1 , A2The seeds to be treated  with GA3 are soaked for 24 hours prior of cultivation in the platelets according to the studied treatments, plants treated with Abscisic Acid were sprayed, at the height of the vegetative stage was 4-6 leaves and repeated foliar after 30 days, treated plants A0B2 (sprayed with distilled water only with 6 mg. litter-1) achieved the highest values for both seasons: The plant hight (88.93,90.33) cm, number of leaves (64.71,70.50), number of branches  (30.56,43.66), wet weight (915.70,1030.17) g, dry weight (221.67,256.80) g,Content of chlorophyll (70.46,71.83) mg, Content of carbohydrates (68.89,74.86)%, Content of auxin (56.46,64.10)%, Content of gibberellin (103.30,109.16)%, Content of volatile oil (4.03,5.36)%, Yield of volatile oil (56.06,96.98) L-1.
SOIL SALINITY FORCASTING USIG SPECTRUM REFLECTIVITY DATA
Authors: &  et al. Al-TAMIMI
Published: November 2022

This study was conducted to assess soil salinity forecasting using spectral soil reflectivity. Artificial salinization was carried out on silty clay loam soil. Collected soil sample was handy crushed, sieved through a 4 mm sieve and backed in plastic columns. The columns were closed from the bottom with a perforated plastic lids with the presence of sand-gravel filter. Columns placed vertically at plastic basins contain saline ground water and left for salinization by capillary rise. At the desired salinity level, soil reflectivity was measured using spectroradiometer and wave length between 350-2500 nm, and band width 1 nm. Soil salinity and moisture were determined soon after spectral measurements. Data processed and converted to digital data using ViewSpecPro software. MS Excel 2010 was used to calculate reflectivity data for bands equivalent to those used with the sensor OLI used at LandSat-8. SPSS V.23 statistic program was used to formulate mathematics models (Multiple linear, Quadratic and Cubic) that describe the relationship between soil salinity and spectral reflectivity at three soil moisture levels i.e. 8, 18 and 24%. Results confirmed the efficiency of the three models to forecast soil salinity at 19 dS m-1 or higher and at soil moisture of 24%. The quadratic and cubic models also gave good results at soil salinity of 9 dS m-1 or more and at 8% soil moisture level. At soil moisture of 18%, the Quadratic and Cubic models showed behavior similar to their behavior at the lower moisture level, while the linear model was efficient at salinity level of 40 dS m -1 and higher.
EVALUATION OF PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA EXTRACT AS ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM AGAINST BIOFILM FORMATION BACTERIA
Authors: & Hamzah AL-Gbouri
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Phyllanthus emblica extract by (ethanol: methanol 1:1) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at different concentration started with 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 mg/ml. The antibacterial activity was determined by the agar well diffusion method to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The alcoholic extract of Phyllanthus emblica had the highest antibacterial activity at 20 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL except in Pseudomonas aeruginosa where the value of inhibition was between 20 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL whereas The MIC concentrations were mostly very high and ranged from 5 to 1.25mg/ml while MBC range from 10 to 2.5 mg/ml against tested bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Phyllanthus emblica against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation was evaluated and the biofilm inhibitory concentrations of the Phyllanthus emblica extract was 40-6.25mg/ml.This implies that they may contain valuable substances for application directed against pathogenic biofilms. The use of herbal extract such as Phyllanthus emblica represent a new date for antimicrobial therapy after increasing the antibiotic resistance to microbes.
GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION IN MAIZE AND PATH COEFFICIENT I- Agronomic Traits
Authors: & et al. K.M.Wuhaib
Published: November 2022

To estimate the genetic parameters and path coefficient of plant traits that correlate with yield to rely on them as selection criteria for maize breeding. Seeds of four genotypes selected from cv. Buhoth were planted at the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agriculture Univ. of Baghdad during spring and fall season 2013, under two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (200 and 400kgN.ha-1.). Data were analyzed, and genotypic and phenotypic correlation and path coefficient were estimated. The results revealed that these traits contributed 44% and 48% of yield variance at spring under 200 and 400 kg N.ha-1, and 56% and 73% of yield variance at fall season, under 200,400 kg N.ha-1 respectively.The results showed that the studied traits,  plant height and ear height, number of ears (spring) and number of leaves, leaf area and number of ears (fall) under 200 kg N.ha-1., exhibited positive and highly significant genetic and phenotypic correlations; days to tasseling, number of leaves, and leaf area (spring), number of leaves and number of ears at fall, under 400 kg N.ha-1. At 200 kg N.ha-1, days to silking and number of leaves(spring), ear height and number of leaves (fall); days to tasseling , leaves area, and ears height (spring); plant height and number of ears (fall) under 400 kg N.ha-1 had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield. It can be conclude that number of ears and number of leaves can be use as selection criteria in breeding and improvement programs of yield in maize.
SCREENING BREAD WHEAT ENTRIES FOR FERTILE TILLERS UNDER PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION AND EVALUATING OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT FOR SUPERIOR UNDER TWO SEEDING RATES
Authors: &  Kareem Abed
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to know the effect of screening for the No. of fertile tillers m-2 is effective on yield in next generations. The research was conducted at field of College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during two winter seasons, 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. Fifteen entries of wheat were introduced from CIMMYT with local variety (Abugraib3) were screened under three phosphorous rates (0, 75 and 150 kg ha-1). Superior entries in No. of fertile tillers m-2 were selected in addition to entries that gave the lowest means in this trait. In both experiments, randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plots arrangement with three replicates was used where phosphate rates in 1st exp. and seeding rates in 2nd exp. were assigned for main plots while genotypes were in subplots. Results showed that abugraib3, G11 and G5 gave the highest means in fertile tillers m-2 (322.1, 310 and 293.3), respectively. While G14 and G13 gave the lowest means (147 and 198.4), respectively. Phosphate rate 75 kg ha-1 gave higher mean in fertile tillers per m2 than phosphate rate at 150 kg ha-1. Comparison trail results showed G13 and G11 were significantly superior in grain yield which reached 11.104 and 10.555 t ha-1, respectively. G13 and G11 gave the highest means in fertile tillers m-2 and biological yield were 759.2 and 825.8 spikes m-2 and 25.48 and 27.52 t ha-1, respectively. All genotypes planted under 160 kg seed ha-1 were decreased in spikelets spike-1 while fertile tillers m-2, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were increased. Genotypic variance was higher than environmental variance indicating high genetic components controlling on the traits inheritance. Fertile tillers m-2 was the highest in phenotypic and genotypic variances were 2639.2 and 2610, respectively. This reflects high heritability value in broad sense was 98%. It can be concluded that screening genotypes according to No. of fertile tillers under phosphate fertilizer rates led to high potential of fertile tillers as a result of best gene expression. The best genotypes in No. of fertile tillers m-2 might be not the best in grain yield but this is related a lot with optimum seeding rate of cultivar.
ECONOMIES OF POTATO PRODUCTION (BAGHDAD PROVINCE AS A CASE STUDY )
Authors: & AL-Ukeili AL-Bahadely
Published: November 2022

The research aimed at estimating the production function and the total cost function, as well as calculating the efficiency of resource use, technical, economic, price and cost efficiency. The research was based primarily on a simple random sample of 115 farmers in Baghdad governorate for the spring season 2016.The finding of the study reveal that the optimal size of production and the size of production that maximize profit reached about 98.6512, 112.8316 tons respectively. Technical, economic and price efficiencies were estimated at (61.8588, 61.8585, 90.479)% consequently, while cost efficiency was estimated at 0.66720, and the net farm income that achieved over all the sample less about 3726.9726 thousand dinars than that achieved at optimal size. The results of the resources efficiency criteria indicated that potato farmers were efficient in using resources (seeds, human labor) and were inefficient in using the irrigation resource. The research concluded that the quantity of seeds had the greatest impact on potato production and that there was waste in using the available resources, which led to the actual production being less than the optimum size of production. The research recommends that the related institutions should work to provide good quality potato seeds to cover the needs of local farmers, And from good sources in a timely manner and at the right price to increase the production and productivity of this important crop and reduce production costs. As well as the protection of the local producer by adopting price policies    that grant best  income of  farmer.
FORECASTING THE FOOD GAP AND PRODUCTION OF WHEAT CROP IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD (2016-2025)
Authors: & Jbara Mustafa
Published: November 2022

Wheat is an important economic crop, various development projects adopted by the government to improve the level of production of all crops Despite the efforts to increase the production of grain crops, especially the wheat, the total production is still insufficient to meet the growing consumption needs, which led to widening of the food gap in addition to the increase in population and the increasing demand for food.The aim of this research is to Forecasting food gap and production of wheat in Iraq, Box-Jenkins one of forecasting method used to forecast production and food gap of wheat. Statistical programs Minitab and SPSS used to analyses data. The best method for Forecasting wheat production for the period 2025-2016 is ARIMA (4,1,3) based on significance of its parameters, as well as for having the lowest value of MSE which reached and owning the lowest value for(AIC). About food gap, the ARIMA model (1.0.1) was the best model for the same period in terms of having the lowest value (MSE) and the lowest value of AIC. The research reached a set of conclusions, There is an increase in the production of wheat in Iraq during the coming years (2025-2016) while offset by a semi-constant in the food gap for the same period and this indicates that the self-sufficiency of wheat in the short run can’t occur. Food gap for wheat is continuous and semi-fixed, indicating the expectation that self-sufficiency can’t be achieved in the short term, and the difficulty of covering consumption through the local production of wheat and having to fill the deficit by importing semi-fixed quantities during the subsequent period.
IMPACT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SOME MICRNUTRIENTS NANAOFERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE
Authors: & Saadoun Al-juthery
Published: November 2022

A field experiment was carried out at the fields of Al- Husseiniya District, Taliaa Township, Babylon Governorate, to study the response of the Jerusalem artichoke to foliar application of  micro nutrients nano-fertilizes of Nano Iron, Zinc, Copper ,and Manganese foliar applied at 25, 50, 75 and 100 g nano-fertilizer 100 L-1 water, and 1 kg naonfertilizers ha-1(as recommended) dissolved in  400 liters of solution ha-1.The experiment included single , di, tri and tetra combinations, as well as a tetra combination of a traditional source, in addition to control(distil water only) using RCBD with 3 replicates . Growth parameters tested were chlorophyll SPAD, dry matter yield of vegetative, tubers yield, inulin yield and % of sucrose and ascorbic acid. Results indicated that nano-applied treatment of (Cu+ Zn+ Fe+ Mn) was significantly higher followed by the triple, di and single spray combinations, in yield of fresh and dry tubers, vegetative and inulin yield giving 77.928, 19.906, 6.584 and 13. 235 Mg ha-1) ,respectively , compared with traditional fertilizers (34.320, 6.284, 3.908, and 3.345 Mg ha-1) and the control (22.655, 3.234, 3.390 and 1.201 Mg ha-1), respectively. The highest % of sucrose and ascorbic acid (vitamin c) (61.13% and 8.1%) were with tetra nano (Cu +Zn +Fe+ Mn) than other treatments.
YANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF CRUDE FROG (RANA RIDIBUNDA) SKIN SECRETIONS EXTRACT ON WOUNDS HEALING IN MICE
Authors: & et al. AL-Khafaji
Published: November 2022

Amphibians cutaneous glands spread over the skin which contain different bioactive substances. So, the aim of this study is to study the effects of frog skin secretions on parasites and pathogenic bacterial isolates. Five adult frogs (Rana ridibunda) from AL-Jadria streams in Baghdad used in this study. The frogs were stimulated by single intraperitoneal injection of norepinephrine-HCl (40ng/gm) body weight. Frogs skin glands secreted bioactive substances then washed .The washing solution was centrifuged, lyophilized and re-suspended and sterilized. The  result  of  the study  revealed that the concentration (500mg/ml) inhibited bacterial growth so as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis,  Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fungi so as Candida albicans, while the concentration (250mg/ml) inhibited the growth of Salmonella  typhi. All concentrations of crude extract were cytotoxic for both of Leishmania  tropica and Leishmania  donovani cell culture by the evidence of significant regression and correlation (P <0.071).The treatment with crud extract (500mg/ml) was active to stimulate tissue cells proliferation and eradicate pathogens inside the wound, thereby may lead to enhance healing of cutaneous wounds.
INFLUENCE OF SOME ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON DATE PALM CV. BARHI
Authors: & Abood Taha
Published: November 2022

This experiment was carried out  at a private palm farm located in Great Musayib enacted / Babylon province on Barhi dates palm trees Phoenix dactylifera L. cultivar to determine the effect of spraying of chitosan and addition of both organic fertilizers and amino acids and seaweed extract in some vegetative traits (number of leaves,  the circumference of the trunk and offshoots number)  and leaves content (chlorophyll , dry weight and Proline) by spraying the chitosan at concentrations of 5 ml. l-1  and 10 ml.L -1 and the addition of both organic fertilizer and amino acids and seaweed extract at concentrations (1, 2) kg.tree -1 and (3 , 6) ml . L - 1 and (4, 8) ml l -1 respectively. Each treatment replicated five times with a factorial experiment using RCBD, one date palm for each experimental unit.The following are the main findings, The effect of chitosan spraying significantly increase the vegetative properties of the offshoots , the concentration 5 ml.l-1significant increases the number of weakness, trunk circumference and offshoots number, with 13.3 tinea, 31.9 cm, 3.09 offshoot sequentially. Spray 8ml.L-1(S2)of seaweed extract was significantly superior than control treatment and gave leaf chlorophyll content of 31.88 mg.g-1, leaf dry weight of 48.90 %. While the lowest results were in the control treatment, except the leaves proline content.
ESTIMATION OF THE WHOLE FLAVONOID, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI BACTERIAL CHALLENGE CONCERNING VIOLA ODORATA (BANAFSHA) METHANOLIC EXTRACT.
Authors: & et al. Ibraheem
Published: November 2022

The objective concerning this study was to decide aggregation flavonoid content (TFC) primarily based of flavonoid-aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and antioxidant activity by spectrophotometric method and determination of against bacterial action in Viola odorata (natural plant) utilizing reaction surface philosophy. Homegrown prescription or restorative plants have prompted the disclosure of various new medications, then non-tranquilize substances. Among it flora are kinds of the range group Viola has a region including family violaceae then accommodates round 19 species of comparable sort. Viola odorata (Banafsha) has considerable cell antioxidant properties. The among vitro records evidently portrayed the most cancers prevention agent adequacy of methanolic extricate, which was tried. spectrophotometrically strategy is a vital procedure to decide add up to total flavonoids, and cancer prevention agent action (reductive capacity and DPPH radical foragers action). Results showed that Viola odorata has high flavonoid substance which was (341± 0.280 µg/ml) in addition to tremendous antioxidant in a concentration dependant manner (ranged from 0.170 to 0.498 for 0.02 and 0.64 mg/ml respectively for reductive ability and 70.60 to 87.03 for 0.125 and 0.500 mg/ml in DPPD radical scavenging activity) and antibacterial in opposition to (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli or Streptococcus).
A PROMISING APPROACH TO DEVELOP MAIZE IN BREDS AND TEST THEIR HYBRID PERFORMANCE
Authors: & et al. Elsahookie
Published: November 2022

A project to develop new maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds from inbred populations, crossed, and tested for performance. The project elapsed six seasons, 3 spring and 3 full plantings during 2015-2017. Newly developed inbreds showed significant grain yield increase as compared to the cross of its progenitor inbred. An increase of 2 t ha-1 was obtained with one of the new inbreds. The crosses obtained were evaluated in field trials with a registered hybrid (60×21). Method of selection counts on a unique plant trait in the inbred population, such as longer ear, thicker ear diameter, stay-green leaves, large kernel, and so on. The merit obtained due to hybrid vigor could be attributed to parental inbreds that have high number of SSR, genetically diverse loci or DNA methylation. The check hybrid (60×21) produced an average of 9.0 t ha-1. Meanwhile, the cross 60×73 produced 9.01 t ha-1, while the two newly derived inbreds produced higher grain yields, 60×73fr and 60×73dr which exceeded 11.0 t ha-1. We have represented the case of hybrid vigor in a mathematical form; +1<1×1< -1. The next step of this program is to develop more inbreds from other inbreds and test their performance in field trials. At the same time, focus on the four crosses that performed more than 10 t ha-1, these are namely; 60×73dr, 60×73fr, 74×844, and 74sg×73dw.
MEASURMENT ECONOMIC AND MARKETING EFFICIENCY FOR CUCUMBER GROWING IN GREEN HOUSES SHATRAH AT DHIQAR PROVINCE IRAQ DURING PLANTING SEASON 2017
Authors: Mahmood Z. H.
Published: November 2022

This study  was aimed to measure the production efficiency, cost efficiency, profit-maximizing production level, and net income at actual, cost-minimizing, and profit-maximizing production, as well as to calculate the minimum priced accepted by cucumber producers to supply their products, estimate supply function for cucumber producers, estimate the marketing efficiency of cucumber grown in greenhouses. A random sample of 45 cucumber growers from Dhi Qar governorate, Al-Shatra district/ Iraq during the agricultural season 2017 was selected. Due to its harmony with economic and statistical logic, cubic formula was used to estimate the cost function. Results showed that the optimal production of cucumber was 59.54 tons, and the efficiency percentage at the actual production size was 0.53. Price elasticity was about 0.24 at the minimum price accepted by the producers (127.78 dinars) to supply their products. That means when the farm prices increase by 10%, the quantity offered in the market increased by 2.3%.  Cost efficiency was 1.5, while profit-maximizing production size in short-term was 77.44 tons. The net income for actual, cost minimizing and profit maximizing production were 10725.4 dinars, 16471.99 dinars and 19189.7 dinars respectively. Furthermore, the study revealed a marketing efficiency of 91.6%, which is a good indicator for marketing performance. Based on these results, the study recommends for adapting a production policy aiming at optimizing the use of available resources and improving the efficiency of cucumber production.
ASSOCIATION OF GHRELIN GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND EXPRESSION LEVELS WITH SOME BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS IN BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: & et al. Joody
Published: November 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the association of Ghrelin gene polymorphisms and expression levels with some biochemical traits of broiler chickens. Two hundred broiler chicks Ross308, one-day old were wing-tagged and reared under optimal conditions. Blood samples were collected individually from all birds on 21 and 35 days of age. Proventriculus was collected at 35 days of age from thirty birds of each of groups sorted according to growth rate for high, moderate and low to measure ghrelin gene expression by real-time RT-PCR. The serum traits of glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins LDL, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were not influenced by ghrelin gene polymorphisms. While   significant (P < 0.01) differences were recorded among the three chicken groups with high, moderate and low ghrelin expression in serum glucose, uric acid, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, AST, ALT and ALP concentrations at 21 and 35 days of age which increased with increasing ghrelin gene expression. The PCR- RFLP technique revealed no significant differences between GG and LL genotypes of ghrelin gene in all biochemical traits at 21 and 35 days of age, whereas ghrelin gene expression had a significant effect on serum glucose, uric acid, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, AST,ALT and ALP.
EVALUATION OF SOME PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR THE TRACTOR (CASE JX75T)
Authors: Himoud M.  S.
Published: November 2022

The experiments were conducted on farm of the Agriculture College, University of Basrah, in a silty clay soil with moisture content of 16%. The tractor used in this research was (CASE JX75T) tractor for studying and evaluating its agricultural performance. The parameters of study include three level of tillage depths (10, 15 and 20 cm) and four forward speeds (G=1.9, G= 2.44, G3= 3.25 and G= 4.33 km/h) by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split plots. The results showed that the increase in forward speed from (1.9 - 4.33km/hr) led to a significant increased in drawbar pull and wheel slippage by the following percentages (33.33%-15.78%).The obtained results for the range of tests showed that the maximum effective field capacity 2.52 donum/h was obtained at 4.33 km/h travelling speed, while the fuel consumption 7.9 l/hr, required power 29.66 kW, and specific energy 19 kw.hr/don. Respectively the traveling speed and soil moisture , ploughing depth , the most important factors that affecting the effective field capacity and  drawbar pull, fuel consumption, specific energy.
FIRST RECORD OF THE WILT AND DEATH DISEASE ON DATE PALM TISSUE CULTURE CLONES OFFSHOOTS IN BASRAH PROVINCE –IRAQ
Authors: & et al. Al-Saad
Published: November 2022

Wilt death disease on date palm tissue culture offshoots is a new interested phenomenon observed in Iraq since a several years, represented by fungal disease infecting plants in pots and/or soil, causing graduate wilt starts from down fronds to the top, ending with death.  The survey results revealed that infection percentage ranged from 4% in Abulkhaseeb district to 4.5% in Al-Seeba area with no significant differences among infected orchards (P-0.369), while the death percentage was 6.2% in Al-Seeba area comparing with 2.4% Abulkhaseeb with no significant differences too (P=0.368). The isolation results confirmed that Fusarium solani was the main isolated fungus from all root samples. Five isolates of F.solani (MLA5, MLA6, MLA7, MLA9 and MLA10) were identified at morphological and molecular levels then deposited in NCBI gene bank under the registration numbers (MG932641.1-MG932645.1). The present study recorded F.solani as a causal fungus of wilt and death disease on date palm tissue culture offshoots for the first time in Iraq.
Industrial Metaverse: Solutions from a higher-dimensional world
Authors: Jiang Yuchen , Kaynak Okyay , Luo Hao , Liu Ming , Yin Shen
Published: November 2022

Industrial Metaverse is a novel ecological system for modern industry. One of the most inspiring parts of Industrial Metaverse lies in the potential to restructure the industrial chain and to provide added value to all the stakeholders therein. It is being enabled by the deep intertwining of SOTA ICT (information & communication technology) and the real industrial economy. In this paper, we envision how the industrial metaverses form a higher-dimensional world on top of the physical world we live in and unfold discussion along the dimensions of “the enabling technologies” and “potential industrial application scenarios”. We will report some notable observations of pioneering projects from today’s industry/market, and then discuss the industrial metaverses from the perspectives of developers and users, respectively showing the technical requirements and the main benefits. A summary is given regarding the growing interest of industrial metaverses.
Rectangular Spiral Antenna Based Metasurface for Enhanced Radiative Cooling
Authors: Yuan Zihan
Published: November 2022

Telescope surface overheating disrupts the thermal equilibrium of the telescope and interferes with mirror alignment as well as image formation. Previous active cooling devices are expensive. Radiative cooling using nanoantenna-based metasurfaces could help cool the cold side of the space telescope at a lower cost. It is necessary to investigate a cooling method for the cold side because it possesses scientific instruments that require a low temperature to function. Metasurfaces composed of highly emissive materials with non-overlapping nanoantennas are incorporated in this study to minimize the scattering parameters – S11 and S21 – that measure radiated energy. The design proposed embedded rectangular spiral antennas made of oxidized copper on gold – the material of many space crafts’ outer surfaces – in a 10 by 10 array with a width of 0.27 μm, length of 0.41 μm, and a counterclockwise winding direction. This results in a metamaterial that is capable of transmitting a maximum of 21 times more energy than an isotropic radiator (a radiator that radiates uniformly in every direction) while having an emissivity greater than 0.9 at 28.3 THz. These results demonstrate that a passive approach to cooling could potentially enable new possibilities for energy efficiency and low operation cost.
Robust Online Tucker Dictionary Learning from Multidimensional Data Streams
Authors: Thanh Le Trung , Tran Trong Duy , abed-meraim karim , Linh-Trung Nguyen , hafiane adel
Published: November 2022

Big data streaming analytics has recently attracted much attention in the signal and information processing  communities due to the fact that massive streaming datasets have been collected over the years. Among them, many modern data streams are represented as multidimensional arrays (aka tensors), and thus, streaming tensor decomposition or tensor tracking has become a promising tool to analyze such streaming data. In this paper, we propose a novel online algorithm called ROTDL for the problem of robust tensor tracking under the Tucker format. ROTDL is not only capable of tracking the underlying Tucker dictionary of multidimensional data streams over time, but also robust to sparse outliers. The proposed algorithm is specifically designed by using the alternating direction method of multipliers, block-coordinate descent, and recursive least-squares filtering techniques. Several experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of ROTDL for robust tensor tracking.  
Robust Online Tucker Dictionary Learning from Multidimensional Data Streams
Authors: Thanh Le Trung , abed-meraim karim , Linh-Trung Nguyen , hafiane adel
Published: November 2022

Big data streaming analytics has recently attracted much attention in the signal and information processing  communities due to the fact that massive streaming datasets have been collected over the years. Among them, many modern data streams are represented as multidimensional arrays (aka tensors), and thus, streaming tensor decomposition or tensor tracking has become a promising tool to analyze such streaming data. In this paper, we propose a novel online algorithm called ROTDL for the problem of robust tensor tracking under the Tucker format. ROTDL is not only capable of tracking the underlying Tucker dictionary of multidimensional data streams over time, but also robust to sparse outliers. The proposed algorithm is specifically designed by using the alternating direction method of multipliers, block-coordinate descent, and recursive least-squares filtering techniques. Several experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of ROTDL for robust tensor tracking.  
AC Optimal Power Flows: Combining Lagrangian Dual and physics-Guided Graph Neutral Networks
Authors: Yang Mei , Liu Junyong , Qiu Gao , Liu Tingjian , Tang Zhiyuan
Published: November 2022

Under high-dimensional and nonlinear stochastic power system environment, artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming a promising alternative towards the urgent demand of real-time AC optimal power flow (OPF). However, traditional AI only fit the settlement results of other method, and is unable to find in-depth law of power flow. This may result in an undesired poor generalizability. To address this issue, a unsupervised OPF model combining physics- guided graph neutral networks and Lagrangian dual is proposed. The model incorporates the physical constraints into training tensor graph, as well as a dual Lagrangian method to satisfy the physical and engineering constraints present in the OPF. At the same time, since topology of power system may vary, the branch characteristics are embeded into node graph to adapt to grid topology contingency. Numerical tests on benchmarks demonstrate that, in unseen operating condition, the proposed method enables a near or even better solution than conventional optimization algorithm, but consumes much more than 100 times calculation efficiency. 
Caching and Computing Resource Allocation in Cooperative Heterogeneous 5G Edge Networks using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Bose Tushar
Published: November 2022

Resource Alllocation in 5G Edge Networks
Adaptive Learning-Based Detection for One-Bit Quantized Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Cho Yunseong , Choi Jinseok , Evans Brian
Published: November 2022

We propose an adaptive learning-based framework for uplink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with one-bit analog-to-digital converters. Learning-based detection does not need to estimate channels, which overcomes a key drawback in one-bit quantized systems. During training, learning-based detection suffers at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) because observations will be biased to +1 or -1 which leads to many zero-valued empirical likelihood functions. At low SNR, observations vary frequently in value but the high noise power makes capturing the effect of the channel difficult. To address these drawbacks, we propose an adaptive dithering-and-learning method. During training, received values are mixed with dithering noise whose statistics are known to the base station, and the dithering noise power is updated for each antenna element depending on the observed pattern of the output. We then use the refined probabilities in the one-bit maximum likelihood detection rule. Simulation results validate the detection performance of the proposed method vs. our previous method using fixed dithering noise power as well as zero-forcing and optimal ML detection both of which assume perfect channel knowledge.
Polarization of Nonuniform Plane Waves: Transmission from a Lossless Medium into a Lossy Medium
Authors: Oh Minsu
Published: November 2022

This work discusses the polarization of nonuniform plane waves (NPWs). A NPW can be created when a uniform plane wave is transmitted from a lossless medium into a lossy medium at an oblique angle. When a linearly polarized wave is transmitted into a lossy medium, the in-plane field transitions to elliptical polarization while the transverse field remains linearly polarized. This is a completely different behavior of a polarized wave compared to those that are created by introducing a phase difference between two perpendicularly polarized waves, where the polarization of both electric and magnetic fields changes together. The zero-divergence restriction determines the rotation direction of the NPW’s elliptical polarization.
A Novel Approach to Accessing the Scheduled Network
Authors: Tavangari Shirmohammmad
Published: November 2022

This paper is about one of the functions of the data link layer, which controls access to shared media. The algorithm presented must be able to operate accurately and efficiently. In the approach focused on in this article, stations must specify the time of using services for access to the server. Then they will enter a system that arrives at the exit without any collisions; it will use the server based on the timing of the stations themselves. Many methods have been published on this, but in this paper .We tried a novel approach with its special features where the performance of this method is shown compared to other methods.
Efficient detection of metastability events in asynchronous SAR ADCs
Authors: Osipov Dmitry
Published: November 2022

A new approach is proposed to deal with the metastability errors in asynchronous SAR ADCs. This proposal avoids the disadvantages of conventional metastability detectors (additional metastability events due to the detector itself,  lowness from additional comparator loading, additional logic delays, need to perform detection on each bit), but provides a significant decrease in metastability errors and their amplitudes. The approach uses both comparators’ outputs to detect whether metastability occurred at all during conversion (without determining in which particular bit). Theoretical examination and Octave simulation show that this information suffices to correct half of metastability errors.
Damasias and Thales: stasis and sophia at the term of Solon’s apodemia
Authors: Ferreira Leão Delfim
Published: November 2022

This paper addresses an obscure aspect surrounding Solon’s activity, which occurred after his political and legislative activity and before his opposition to Pisistratus’ moves towards tyranny. It tackles, more specifically, the way in which Solon may have been indirectly involved (as a politician but also as a sophos) in a triangle of interests that would include, besides himself, two personalities associated with a period of stasis (Damasias) and with the status of sophos (Thales). In order to achieve this goal, the present study combines two different approaches: it first analyses the historical circumstances that marked Athens during the period immediately after Solon’s legislation, until the moment when Damasias held the archonship, and then clung to office for a further year and two months; it then discusses the testimony of Demetrius of Phalerum (quoted by Diogenes Laertius, 1.22), according to whom Thales was named for the first time sophos during the archonship of Damasias.
Forms of government and rhetoric: perceptions of democracy and oligarchy in Demosthenes
Authors: Gontijo Leite Priscilla
Published: November 2022

Demosthenes is recognized as a defender of Athenian democracy and freedom, particularly in voicing his concern about the growth of Macedonian power. While the defence of democracy is a recurring theme in his speeches, Demosthenes did not develop a theory of democracy. Rather, he tended to idealize the Athenian democratic experience. Further, in his defence of democracy and the ethos of the democratic citizen, Demosthenes references oligarchy, though again not from a theoretical perspective. The objective of this paper is to analyse Demosthenes’s use of the democratic and oligarchical forms of government in his defence of Athens, with a focus on his construction of an antithesis between them and his deployment of the Athenian experiences with oligarchy in 411 and 404 BC in his oratory.
Mechanism and Role of Nanotechnology in Photovoltaic Cells and Applications in Different Industrial Sectors
Authors: Mehmood Rashid , Adnan Muhammad , Imtiaz Muhammad Waseem , Shahid Muhammad , Mehboob Muddassar , Shareef Anam , Irshad Atifa , Iqbal Shahid , Abideen Zain Ul
Published: November 2022

Nanotechnology is widely used for the manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. Applications of solar technology are based in two forms; lithium-ion and lead-acid. These cells and batteries have the capacity to store a large amount of energy longer than other ordinary batteries. The mechanism for manufacturing solar cells usually arises from the combinations of layers of single-molecule thick sheets of graphene and molybdenum diselenide. In this fact, one of common example is the fine coating of graphene with zinc oxide nanowires. Solar based cells are incorporated into the modified forms for increasing their synthetic applications. These modified forms are copper indium selenide sulfide quantum dots. Perovskite solar cells are dominating in the scientific community due to their advantages and cheap sources of solar energy. These perovskite solar cells are also composed of different metals and other combinations in order to make them functional for different purposes. The most widely implemented metals are germanium, antimony, titanium and barium. Tin (Sn)-based perovskites allow the movement of ions and electrons and significantly in the surrounding environment. There is also need in the future for valuable and mechanical designing for nanotechnolgy and their usage in industrial and commercial applications.
Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Practitioners for the Treatment of Diabetes, Obesity and Arterial Hypertension in the Dja and Lobo Department of Cameroon
Authors: M Nyangono, N. , V Soppo, L. , J Nko’o, M. , F Benga, M. , S Maniepi, J. , P Obono, F. M. , Y Eba Obam, , N, Noa, M. , C Ndom, J. , S Etoundi Ngoa, L.
Published: November 2022

Background/Purpose: Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia, with disturbance of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, resulting from a defect in insulin secretion and/or action. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated in 2017 that 425 million people were living with diabetes worldwide. It is estimated that by 2045, 629 million adults will have diabetes. In Cameroon, a prevalence of 5.59% was recorded in 2018, regardless of gender [1]. In the Department of Dja and Lobo, an ethnopharmacological study was set up to identify and characterize the medicinal flower used in the management of metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: Surveys were conducted among 135 people. Data on medicinal recipes used in the management of diabetes, hypertension and obesity were collected according to a standardized framework. The plant samples mentioned were collected and identified at the National Herbarium of Cameroon and characterized. Phytochemical screening was performed on each species. Results: A total of 135 natives from six different villages were interviewed about plants used in the management of metabolic syndrome in the Department of Dja and Lobo. The study identified 85 species in 49 families. The fabaceae, asteraceae and flacourthiaceae families each had at least five species cited by the stakeholders who participated in our investigation. The medicinal plants inventoried totaled 7 biological types. In total 41 species were involved in the treatment of diabetes. The most used preparation methods were decoction and trituration. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, Phenols, Polyphenols, Tannins, Saponins in almost all the extracts collected. Anthocyanins were extremely abundant in almost all extracts. Conclusion: The results obtained constitute a very valuable source of information for the region studied. The valorization of these plants and the determination of the health profile of the local populations of the Dja and Lobo department requires the establishment of modern processing units specialised in the manufacture of medicines.
GAMBARAN KEPATUHAN PEKERJA BAGIAN PRODUKSI DALAM PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI
Authors: Karno Karno , Anisa Zulhimah  , Djoko Windu P. Irawan  , Frida Hendrarinata
Published: November 2022

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is a tool used to prevent or minimize the occurrence of work accidents. Compliance with the use of PPE must be carried out by every worker who will enter the work area. This research was conducted at PT. Syngenta Seed Indonesia with the aim of knowing the description of worker compliance in the use of personal protective equipment at PT. Syngenta Seed Indonesia.

This study uses a descriptive type of research. Data collection in this study was obtained by means of observation and questionnaire surveys. The sample of this research is all permanent workers in the production division as many as 24 workers. The variables studied were trust, accept, act, and worker compliance in the use of PPE.The purpose of this study is to determine the level of employee confidence in using PPE.

The results of the study indicate that the trust aspect of the workers is mostly in the good category. While the aspects of receiving (accept) and aspects of doing (act) workers are mostly in the less category. From the aspect of believing (belief) as many as 18 (47%) workers are obedient, aspects of accepting (accept) as many as 11 (29%) workers are obedient, and aspects of doing (act) as many as 9 (24%) workers are obedient in the use of PPE so that the value of compliance is obtained. workers by 38 (100%).

The conclusion of this study is that workers who have a good level of confidence in the use of PPE do not necessarily manifest in attitudes and actions because it can be caused by several factors, one of which is the convenience of using PPE.
PENGARUH KEMATERIALITASAN KECURANGAN DAN TINGKAT RETALIATION TERHADAP INTENSI AUDITOR INTERNAL DALAM MELAKUKAN WHISTLEBLOWING
Authors: Pratiwi Ester Putri Gita , Diana Bernadetta
Published: November 2022

Regardless the level of organization position, fraud cases can be occurred both internationally or Indonesia itself that made the instrument to detect fraudulence necessary. Thus, the oversight and the predominant duty is necessary in every organization. That duty should be done by the Corporate Internal auditor because he/ she can perform assurance and controlling services to the organization, according to the COSO standard. Nonetheless, even internal auditor were mandate to be independent, they still the part of the company that made an ethical dilemma for them to ‘blow the whistle’ or to keep it silent.

The aim of this research is to give the empirical information about the influence of fraudulence materiality level, retaliation level on internal auditor whistleblowing intention Internal auditor whistleblowing intention can be influenced by the fraudulence materiality level and the retaliation level. This research is a quasi experimental research with 2x2 between subject experimental design. Accounting student from Widya Mandala Catholic University of Surabaya was the subject of this research with the criteria those who have passed internal auditing subject. Scenarios made accordance with the circumstances that occur within the company become the instrument of this research. Fraudulence materiality level was proven has an influence on internal auditor whistleblowing intention as the final results. But, retaliation level was failed to influence internal auditor whistleblowing intention signifficantly.
PENGARUH SIZE, PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE DAN CAPITAL INTENSITY RATIO TERHADAP MANAJEMEN PAJAK
Authors: Fitriana Eti , Isthika Wikan
Published: November 2022

This research aims to find out the effect of size, profitability, leverage, and capital intensity ratio on tax management. This research uses data over the period 2014 to 2018 from manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Whereas, as the samples are consumer goods sectors companies. The determination of sample was made by applying purposive sampling methods. Multiple linear regression technique was used to analyze the data. Furthermore, from the testing data, this research shows that size and capital intensity ratio have an effect on the tax management. Whereas, profitability and leverage have no effect on the tax management.