bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corredores ecológicos urbanos: Um estudo para conectar plantas, animais e pessoas na cidade de Vitória - ES
Authors: Marques Rebeca , Seidel Marcelo
Published: December 2021

Ecological corridors are territorial strips that aim to reduce the impacts of fragmentation of ecosystems, restoring the interconnection between them, in order to facilitate the movement of species, enabling seed dispersal and gene exchange between isolated populations. The relevance of the theme lies in the contribution to sustainable urbanism, aligning with biophilia, with benefits for living beings, including humans, with better walking conditions, thermal and psychological comfort. The general objective of the work was to delineate an urban ecological corridor in the continental portion of the city of Vitória/ES, in order to connect three isolated Environmental Protection Zones and benefit their essential occupants: the human species, the flora and the fauna. Exploratory studies and field visits were conducted, supported by Urbanism and Ecology literature, based on the definition of the connection axes and the recomposition of road profiles. The result achieved is an ecological corridor adapted to the existing roads, from the intensification of forestation and the implementation of gantries and elevated walkways for animal crossings. The insertion of aerial crossings and biodiversity corridors will bring a differential to the quality of life and ecological diversity for the local population
Documentário “o que é, o que é?”: registro de memória e o impacto social na vida das crianças da obra social Cristo Rei
Authors: Sperandio Daniela , Mireny Lara , Maria Victoria
Published: December 2021

This article reports the production process, realization and result of the documentary “O que é, o que é?”, about Orfanato Cristo Rei’s history and the role it plays in society. Located in Cariacica-ES, it marked the lives of several children when it was an orphanage and today it works as a non-governmental organization that survives only on donations. Currently, the social work serves children in danger who live at the mercy of violence by their own family or the region they live in. The methodologies used to produce the documentary were bibliographic and field research, and semi-structured interviews —they helped with obtaining information and in the recording of the interviews. “O que é, o que é?” contributes to the memory’s rescue and preservation, and allows reflection on the risky situation of many children in society, encouraging viewers to have a new perception on the social vulnerability of children that live in Cariacica and the importance of welcoming and educative social works
O curriculo pós-critico: Uma experiência na escola de ensino fundamental em Vitória/ES
Authors: Maria Rosangela , Leal Marcela , Augusto Nayara
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze theunderstanding of the curriculum in a post-critical perspective by students of the Elementary School of the Municipality of Vitória-ES, emphasizing the challenge of the school, in its constitution process in relation to the social construction and valorization of culture, capable of guide pedagogical practices to recognize the differences present in the school context. It was intended, by means of an exploratory study with a qualitative approach, to discuss thematic content of the post-critical curriculum, using focus groups data collection and analysis of official school documents. We conclude that the reproduction of differences happens mplicitly, distancing what is proposed in school documents and what is performed inside the classrooms by teachers
Anchor Density Minimization for Localization in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
Authors: Zaarour Nour , Hakem Nadir , NahiKandil
Published: December 2021

In wireless sensor networks (WSN) high-accuracy localization is crucial for both of WNS management and many other numerous location-based applications. Only a subset of nodes in a WSN is deployed as anchor nodes with their locations a priori known to localize unknown sensor nodes. The accuracy of the estimated position depends on the number of anchor nodes. Obviously, increasing the number or ratio of anchors will undoubtedly increase the localization accuracy. However, it severely constrains the flexibility of WSN deployment while impacting costs and energy. This paper aims to drastically reduce anchor number or ratio of anchor in WSN deployment and ensures a good trade-off for localization accuracy. Hence, this work presents an approach to decrease the number of anchor nodes without compromising localization accuracy. Assuming a random string WSN topology, the results in terms of anchor rates and localization accuracy are presented and show significant reduction in anchor deployment rates from 32% to 2%.
Appending Security Theories to Projects in Upper-Division CS Courses
Authors: Pournaghshband Vahab , Pournaghshband Hassan
Published: December 2021

Software systems have been under continued attacks by malicious entities, and in some cases, the consequences have been catastrophic. To tackle this pervasive problem, the academic world has significantly increased the offering of computer security-related courses during the past decade. In fact, offering these courses has become a standard part of the curriculum for many computing disciplines. While many proposals suggest adding this appealing topic into the nonsecurity CS courses, many faculties do not entirely support the idea for a convincing reason. They rightfully claim that each one of these courses is already packed with concepts and materials developed toward that course, leaving not much room for other topics. In this study, we show how exposing students to security concepts can be incorporated into upper-division CS courses without increasing the normally required efforts needed by students as well as the instructor. We show how to develop a project of this nature that can be appended to an already existing course project. We have successfully employed our proposed approach in two of our core CS courses and present them in this paper as case studies.
A Novel Attention-Based Network for Fast Salient Object Detection
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wu Yang , Zhang Xiaojing , Ma Ming
Published: December 2021

In the current salient object detection network, the most popular method is using U-shape structure. However, the massive number of parameters leads to more consumption of computing and storage resources which are not feasible to deploy on the limited memory device. Some others shallow layer network will not maintain the same accuracy compared with U-shape structure and the deep network structure with more parameters will not converge to a global minimum loss with great speed. To overcome all of these disadvantages, we propose a new deep convolution network architecture with three contributions: (1) using smaller convolution neural networks (CNNs) to compress the model in our improved salient object features compression and reinforcement extraction module (ISFCREM) to reduce parameters of the model. (2) introducing channel attention mechanism to weigh different channels for improving the ability of feature representation. (3) applying a new optimizer to accumulate the long-term gradient information during training to adaptively tune the learning rate. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can compress the model to 1/3 of the original size nearly without losing the accuracy and converging faster and more smoothly on six widely used datasets of salient object detection compared with the others models. Our code is published in https://gitee.com/binzhangbinzhangbin/code-a-novel-attention-based-network-for-fast-salientobject-detection.git
Trgovački sporovi u Bosni i Hercegovini: osvrt na sudove, stranke, predmete
i dokumente ranog postosmanskog perioda / Commercial Disputes in Bosnia
and Herzegovina: Review of Courts, Parties, Cases, and Documents of the
Early Post-Ottoman Period
Authors: Bećić Mehmed
Published: December 2021

Transformacija trgovačkog pravosuđa u Bosni i Hercegovini u
drugoj polovini XIX stoljeća odvijala se u dva različita pravno-politička
konteksta. Prvi je tanzimat – za vrijeme osmanske uprave, a drugi je reforma
pod austrougarskom okupacijom. U oba ova konteksta dolazi do prekida
sa ranijim poretkom i do recepcije novih i stranih modela. I pored ovako
dinamičnog razvoja trgovačkog prava, moderna pravna i pravnohistorijska
literatura nije se detaljno bavila ovim fenomenom. Organizacija i rad trgovačkih
sudova bili su isključivo predmet uzgredne historijske rekonstrukcije u
starijoj literaturi, ali i u nekim novim studijama sa naglašenim historijskim
pristupom i sadržajem. Međutim, pravnohistorijske analize konkretnih
sudskih procesa i presuda trgovačkih sudova u Bosni i Hercegovini potpuno
su izostale. Imajući u vidu navedene praznine u postojećoj literaturi, ovim
radom se nastoje napraviti prvi koraci u rasvjetljavanju trgovačkih sudskih
procesa i razvoja trgovačkog prava u Bosni i Hercegovini tokom posljednje
decenije osmanske i prvih pet godina austrougarske uprave.
Tình trạng dinh dưỡng của học sinh 7 - 9 tuổi tại 2 trường tiểu học của huyện Thường Tín, Hà Nội năm 2016
Authors: Nguyên Nguyễn Văn , Chính Nguyễn Hữu , Tước Bùi Văn , Phu Trần Đắc , Nhung Bùi Thị
Published: December 2021

Nghiên cứu cắt ngang với mục tiêu mô tả tình trạng dinh dưỡng của học sinh 7-9 tuổi ở các trường ngoại thành của Hà Nội. Có 602 học sinh 7 - 9 tuổi của 2 trường tiểu học Duyên Thái và Ninh Sở, huyện Thường Tín, Hà Nội đã tham gia nghiên cứu. Tình trạng dinh dưỡng của trẻ được phân loại theo quần thể tham chiếu của Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới năm 2007. Kết quả cho thấy gánh nặng kép về dinh dưỡng của trẻ 7-9 tuổi ở 2 trường tiểu học có xu hướng nghiêng về thừa cân, béo phì nhiều hơn: Tỷ lệ suy dinh dưỡng nhẹ cân, gầy còm và thấp còi lần lượt là 8,5%, 6,3%  và 3,5%; Tỷ lệ thừa cân, béo phì là 20,5%. Khuyến nghị cần có giải pháp can thiệp về dinh dưỡng học đường và giáo dục thể chất để phòng chống gánh nặng kép về dinh dưỡng cho học sinh 7 - 9 tuổi ở khu vực ngoại thành.
Intervenciones especializadas de enfermería en el cuidado de drenajes cerebrales
Authors: Flores-Galicia César
Published: December 2021

Los drenajes cerebrales son dispositivos utilizados como métodos terapéuticos, permitiendo la salida de líquido normal o patológico a personas que cursen por alguna enfermedad neurológica, convirtiéndose en uno de los procedimientos más comunes en el área de la enfermería neurológica. He aquí que los cuidados de enfermería deben ser considerados específicos para poder visualizar resultados satisfactorios en pacientes portadores de estos sistemas en áreas críticas. Por este motivo, las intervenciones especializadas de enfermería en el cuidado a los drenajes cerebrales se basaron en la necesidad de elaborar una guía de intervenciones específicas, y especializadas, para personas con uso de drenajes cerebrales siendo un tema de importancia en enfermería neurológica.
The Behaviorism Perspectives on English Learning: Its Theorical and Implications for Foreign English Learner in Online Learning Era
Authors: Utami Bunga Nuur Primayu
Published: December 2021

The successful of teaching learning process not only focus on the technique and the materials. Especially to learn English Subject the lecturer should attend in linguistic perspective especially in this case discuss about behaviorism perspective. Behaviorism is one of the learning perspectives centered on instructors for a long time, as an education regulator, shaping every aspect of the curriculum and commands. This paper presents an explanation of the characteristics of behavior, its philosophical and basic theory and the application of behaviorist theory to teach  foreign language learner in Campus 7 Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang in Environmental Health Department in online era. which has connection with theory which under pines the widely used Audio lingual Method by lecturers. In line, behaviorism perspective also has a close relationship with the audio lingual method to give reinforcement and encouragement to the students. So the important application in this case is the psychological aspects of students in the online era learning and is supported by the appropriate learning method.
Hükümlülerin Sosyal Sermaye Deneyimlerinde Manevi Danışmanlık: Bursa H ve E Tipi Cezaevleri Örneği
Authors: BAYGELDİ Merve Reyhan , BİLGİN Vejdi
Published: December 2021

Dünyadaki diğer örneklerinde de olduğu gibi, Türkiye’de manevi danışmanlık, farklı modern mekânlara ve durumlara özgü sorunlarla dini referanslar sayesinde başa çıkmaya destek olmak için Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı tarafından sunulan bir hizmettir. Bu makalede, Bursa H ve E Tipi Ceza İnfaz Kurumlarındaki hükümlülerin manevi danışmanlık deneyimleri incelenmektedir. Bunu gerçekleştirebilmek için nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilim tercih edilmiştir. Bu çerçevede, 18 hükümlünün sosyal sermayeleri bir lens görevi üstlenmiştir. Birebir görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler, MAXQDA programıyla kodlanarak içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Buna göre üç tema tespit edildi. Bunlardan ilki; aile, eğitim, göç ve önceki cezaevi olmak üzere dört kategoriden oluşan hükümlülerin cezaevi öncesi sosyal sermaye temasıdır. İkinci tema; suç işlemeye karar verme, uyum süreci, gündelik pratikler, dış dünya ile ilişkiler, personellerle ilişkiler, iş kolları ve eğitim programları olmak üzere yedi kategoriden oluşan cezaevinde sosyal sermayedir. İşlevsellik arayışı, hoca söylemi ve koğuş kültürü olmak üzere üç kategoriden oluşan sosyal sermaye bağlamında manevi danışmanlık deneyimi, çalışmamızdaki son temadır. Nihai olarak, hükümlülerin genelde cezaevindeki programları özelde manevi danışmanlık uygulamasını, sosyal sermaye zemininde inşa edilen kâr-zarar hesabı kapsamında deneyimlediği tespit edilmiştir.
KİTAP ÂŞIKLIĞINDAN HANEDAN SEVGİSİNE GİDEN YOLDA NADİDE BİR ESER: MEVÂHİBÜ’S-SÜLÛK
Authors: CİDİR Büşra
Published: December 2021

Türk edebiyatı tarihinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Ali Emîrî Efendi (ö. 1924); kitaplara olan düşkünlüğü, kütüphaneciliği ve şairliğinin yanı sıra Osmanlı hanedanına duyduğu ilgi ve muhabbetle de tanınmaktadır. Ali Emîrî Efendi, hanedana duyduğu sevgi ve bağlılığın neticesi olarak Vesâ’iku’l-âsâr, Câm-ı Cem-âyîn, Osmanlı Tarih ve Edebiyat Mecmuası, Levâmi’ü’l-Hamîdiyye, Cevâhirü’l-Mülûk ve Mevâhibü’s-Sülûk adlı eserleri kaleme almıştır.
Ali Emîrî Efendi’nin şehzâdelerin şiirlerine yazdığı nazireleri bir araya getirdiği Mevâhibü’s-Sülûk, giriş ve iki kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Eserin giriş bölümü Ali Emîrî Efendi’nin Osmanlı hanedanı hakkındaki düşüncelerini, birinci kısmı şehzâdelerin şiirlerini, ikinci kısmı ise bu şiirlere yazılan nazireleri ihtiva etmektedir. Mevâhibü’s-Sülûk’un bilinen tek nüshası, İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi’nde kayıtlı bulunmaktadır.
Ali Emîrî Efendi’nin, Mevâhibü’s-Sülûk’un giriş kısmında ifade ettiğine göre Cevâhirü’l-Mülûk adlı eserinin beğenilmesi ve takdir görmesi Mevâhibü’s-Sülûk’un kaleme alınmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Eser, Ali Emîrî Efendi’nin hanedana duyduğu hayranlığı ve şiir yazmadaki kabiliyetini göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Bu makalede Ali Emîrî Efendi’nin daha önce çalışılmamış olan Mevâhibü’s-Sülûk adlı eseri genel hatlarıyla tanıtılacak ve eserin muhtevası hakkında kısaca bilgi verilecektir.
KLASİK TÜRK ŞİİRİNDE KILIÇ (15-16. YÜZYIL DİVANLARINA GÖRE)
Authors: DUMAN Ali
Published: December 2021

Köklü bir savaş geleneğine ve edebî geleneğe sahip kültürümüzün yazılı ve sözlü numunelerinde, henüz bilimsel olarak varlığından haberdar olunmayan savaş aletlerine ve bu aletlerin çeşitli yapım ve kullanım özelliklerine, savaş taktik ve stratejisine, terminolojisine ulaşılmaktadır.

Türk savaş literatürüyle ilgili bu unsurlar, divan şiirinin mecaz ve reel dünyasına da yansıyarak muazzam bir havza oluşturmuştur. Klasik şiirimizin asırlardır biriktirdiği bu havza, bu kültürel ve antropolojik arka plan, sahip olduğu bu zihnî derinlik gerek edebî metinlere gerek tarihi metinlere gerekse de diğer bütün disiplinlere kaynaklık etmektedir.

Bu minvalde, çalışmamızın merkezinde yer alan “kılıcın” klasik şiirimize savaş sanatı ve estetiği içinde nasıl yansıdığını tespit etmek hedeflenmiştir. Kılıcın yapımı, kullanım özellikleri, süslemesi gibi hususiyetleri ele almak; maddi hususiyetlerinin yanı sıra dinden tasavvufa, tarihten mitolojiye, kültüre, şiirin merkezinde yer alan aşk ve savaşa, söyleme, ticarete nasıl yansıdığını ortaya koymak bir başka hedeftir. Çalışma alanımız divan şiiri olarak belirlenmiş olup 15-16. yüzyıllara ait yirmi altı şairle sınırlandırılmıştır.
Gazdasági és társadalmi integrációs modellek perifériális térségekben. A szociális földprogram, a közfoglalkoztatás és a szociális szövetkezetek működésének jellemzői hátrányos helyzetű kistelepüléseken
Authors: Csoba Judit , Sipos Flórián
Published: December 2021

A hátrányos helyzetű mezőgazdasági térségek peremhelyzetű csoportjainak sikeres gazdasági és társadalmi beilleszkedése érdekében mind szélesebb körben alkalmazzák napjainkban a „társadalmi befektetés” jellegű szociális integrációs modelleket hazánkban és Európa más országaiban is. Az integrációs modellek a résztvevők egyéni kompetenciáinak, munkavállalói készségeinek fejlesztését, jövedelemszerző, önfenntartó képességének javítását és a piac okozta egyenlőtlenségek csökkentését célozzák. Tanulmányunkban Polányi (1997) „kettős mozgás” elméletéből kiindulva elemezzük a lokális térben működő integrációs modelleket és azok sajátosságait. Vizsgáljuk egyfelől a (diszfunkcionálisan működő) önszabályozó piaccal szemben kialakított állami beavatkozás formáit (közfoglalkoztatási program, startmunka mintaprogram), másfelől az alulról szerveződő, a „beágyazott gazdaság” mintáját követő integrációs rendszerek (szociális földprogram, szociális szövetkezet) működését. Feltételezzük, hogy az alulról és felülről építkező integrációs modellek komplementer módon működnek a leghatékonyabban, lehetővé téve az eltérő helyzetben lévő célcsoportok lokális gazdaságban való differenciált részvételét és az integráltság fokának növekedését. Mindemellett úgy véljük, hogy az állami beavatkozás formája és mértékének növekedése az utóbbi években jelentősen csökkenti az önkéntesen szervezett és demokratikusan működő integrációs modellek mozgásterét, és folyamatosan erősíti a „neopatrimoniális” rendszerek kiteljesedését a lokális térben. A tanulmány alapjául szolgáló kvalitatív kutatást két Horizont 2020 program (InnoSI és CoSIE)1 keretében végeztük. A 3 éves kutatómunka során 14 – többnyire 2000 fő alatti, hátrányos helyzetű – települést vontunk a mintába, és 54 interjút készítettünk. Kutatási eredményeink azt igazolják, hogy a fokozott állami beavatkozás eredményeként a lokális társadalmak önszerveződő gazdasági és önvédelmi mechanizmusai nem vagy csak aránytalanul kis mértékben fejlődtek az utóbbi években. A felülről kezdeményezett „egydimenziós” integrációs modellekben a „társadalmi befektetés” jelleg kevésbé érvényesül, és a redisztributív függőségek új formái jelennek meg.
Anthropogenic aerosol effects on tropospheric circulation and sea surface temperature (1980–2020): separating the role of zonally asymmetric forcings
Authors: Diao Chenrui , Xu Yangyang , Xie Shang-Ping
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Anthropogenic aerosols (AAs) induce global and regional
tropospheric circulation adjustments due to the radiative energy
perturbations. The overall cooling effects of AA, which mask a portion of
global warming, have been the subject of many studies but still have large
uncertainty. The interhemispheric contrast in AA forcing has also been
demonstrated to induce a major shift in atmospheric circulation. However,
the zonal redistribution of AA emissions since start of the 20th century, with a
notable decline in the Western Hemisphere (North America and Europe) and a
continuous increase in the Eastern Hemisphere (South Asia and East Asia),
has received less attention. Here we utilize four sets of single-model initial-condition large-ensemble
simulations with various combinations of external forcings to quantify the
radiative and circulation responses due to the spatial redistribution of AA
forcing during 1980–2020. In particular, we focus on the distinct climate
responses due to fossil-fuel-related (FF) aerosols emitted from the Western Hemisphere (WH) versus the Eastern Hemisphere (EH). The zonal (west to east) redistribution of FF aerosol emission since the
1980s leads to a weakening negative radiative forcing over the WH
mid-to-high latitudes and an enhancing negative radiative forcing over the
EH at lower latitudes. Overall, the FF aerosol leads to a northward shift of the Hadley cell and an equatorward shift of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) jet stream. Here, two sets of regional FF simulations (Fix_EastFF1920
and Fix_WestFF1920) are performed to separate the roles of
zonally asymmetric aerosol forcings. We find that the WH aerosol forcing,
located in the extratropics, dominates the northward shift of the Hadley cell by inducing an interhemispheric imbalance in radiative forcing. On the other hand, the EH aerosol forcing, located closer to the tropics, dominates the equatorward shift of the NH jet stream. The consistent relationship between the jet stream shift and the top-of-atmosphere net solar flux (FSNTOA) gradient suggests that the latter serves as a rule-of-thumb guidance for the expected shift of the NH jet stream. The surface effect of EH aerosol forcing (mainly from low- to midlatitudes)
is confined more locally and only induces weak warming over the northeastern Pacific and North Atlantic. In contrast, the WH aerosol reduction leads to a large-scale warming over NH mid-to-high latitudes that largely offsets the cooling over the northeastern Pacific due to EH aerosols. The simulated competing roles of regional aerosol forcings in driving
atmospheric circulation and surface temperature responses during the recent
decades highlight the importance of considering zonally asymmetric forcings
(west to east) and also their meridional locations within the NH (tropical
vs. extratropical).
Linkages between the atmospheric transmission originating from the North Atlantic Oscillation and persistent winter haze over Beijing
Authors: Li Muyuan , Yao Yao , Simmonds Ian , Luo Dehai , Zhong Linhao , Pei Lin
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In this study, the persistent winter haze that occurred over Beijing during 1980 to 2016 is examined using reanalysis and station data. On both
interannual and daily-to-weekly timescales, the winter haze weather in Beijing is found to be associated with a pronounced atmospheric
teleconnection pattern from the North Atlantic to Eurasia (Beijing). A positive western-type North Atlantic Oscillation (WNAO+) phase and a
positive East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR+) phase are observed as part of this teleconnection pattern (an arched wave train). This study focuses
on the role of the WNAO pattern, because the WNAO+ pattern acts as the origin of the atmospheric transmission, 8–10 d before the
persistent haze events. Further analyses reveal that the WNAO+ pattern can increase the number of haze days and persistent haze events on
interannual and daily-to-weekly timescales. Specifically, strong WNAO+ winters (above the 95th percentile) can increase the number of haze days
and persistent haze events by 26.0 % and 42.3 %, respectively. In addition, a high WNAO index for the 5 d average (above the 95th
percentile) predicts a 16.9 % increase in the probability of haze days on Day 8 and a higher proportion of persistent haze days compared with an
unknown WNAO state. Thus, the WNAO+ pattern is as a necessary prior background condition for the formation of the wave train and is a skillful
predictor for persistent hazy weather. Corresponding to the WNAO+ pattern, intensified zonal wind and a north–south sea surface temperature
tripolar mode over the North Atlantic also appear before persistent haze events on the daily-to-weekly timescale. On the interannual timescale,
winters with a greater number of persistent haze days are also associated with a tripolar sea surface temperature (SST) mode over the North Atlantic that is situated farther
northward.
Fossilization of Precambrian microfossils in the Volyn pegmatite, Ukraine
Authors: Franz Gerhard , Lyckberg Peter , Khomenko Vladimir , Chernousenko Vsevelod , Schulz Hans-Martin , Mahlstedt Nicolaj , Wirth Richard , Glodny Johannes , Gernert Ulrich , Nissen Jörg
Published: December 2021

Abstract. We report on Precambrian soft-tissue microfossils from igneous rocks of the Volyn pegmatite district, associated with the Paleoproterozoic Korosten Pluton, north-western Ukraine. The fossils were recovered from m-sized miarolitic cavities and show a well-preserved 3D morphology, mostly fibrous, but with a large variety of fiber types, and also in irregular, flaky shapes reminiscent of former biofilms, and rare spherical objects. Based on literature data, own pyrolysis experiments and reflected light microscopy results, the organic matter (OM) is characterized as (oxy)kerite. Further investigations with microscopic techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis show that fossilization likely occurred during a hydrothermal, post-pegmatitic event, by silicification dominantly in the outermost 1–2 µm of the microfossils. The hydrothermal fluid, derived from the pegmatitic environment, was enriched in SiF4, Al, Ca, Na, K, Cl, and S. The OM shows O enrichment where N and S content is low, indicating simultaneous N and S loss during anaerobic oxidation. Mineralization with Al-silicates starts at the rim of the microfossils, continues in its outer parts into identifiable encrustations and intergrowths of clay minerals, feldspar, Ca-sulfate, Ca-phosphate, Fe-sulfide, and fluorite. Breccias, formed during collapse of some the miarolitic cavities, contain also decaying OM, which released high concentrations of dissolved NH4+, responsible for the late-stage formation of buddingtonite and tobelite-rich muscovite. The age of the fossils can be restricted to the time between the pegmatite formation, at ~1.760 Ga, and the breccia formation at ~ 1.49 Ga. As geological environment for growth of the microorganisms and fossilization we assume a geyser system, in which the essential biological components C, N, S, and P for growth of the orgabisms n the miarolitic caves were derived from microorganisms at the surface. Fossilization was induced by magmatic SiF4-rich fluids. The Volyn occurrence is a prime example of Precambrian fossils and the results underline the importance of cavities in granitic rocks as a possible habitat for microorganisms of the deep biosphere.
Carbon accumulation rates of Holocene peatlands in central–eastern Europe document the driving role of human impact over the past 4000 years
Authors: Longman Jack , Veres Daniel , Haliuc Aritina , Finsinger Walter , Ersek Vasile , Pascal Daniela , Sava Tiberiu , Begy Robert
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Peatlands are one of the largest terrestrial carbon sinks on the planet, yet little is known about the carbon accumulation rates (CARs) of mountainous peatlands. The long-term variability in the size of the associated carbon sink and its drivers remain largely unconstrained, especially when the long-term anthropogenic impact is also considered. Here, we present a composite CAR record of nine peatlands from central–eastern Europe (Romania and Serbia) detailing variability in the rates of carbon accumulation during the Holocene. We show examples of extremely high long-term rates of carbon accumulation (LORCA>120 gCm-2yr-1), indicating that mountain peatlands constitute an efficient regional carbon sink at times. By comparing our data to modelled palaeoclimatic indices and to measures of anthropogenic impact we disentangle the drivers of peat carbon accumulation in the area. Variability in early- and mid-Holocene CARs is linked to hydroclimatic controls, with high CARs occurring during the early Holocene and lower CARs associated with the transition to cooler and moister mid-Holocene conditions. By contrast, after 4000 years (calibrated) before present (years BP), the trends in CARs indicate a divergence from hydroclimate proxies, suggesting that other processes became the dominant drivers of peat CARs. We propose that enhanced erosion following tree cover reduction as well as increased rates of long-distance atmospheric dust fallout might have played a role, as both processes would result in enhanced mineral and nutrient supply to bog surfaces, stimulating peatland productivity. Surprisingly though, for the last 1000 years, reconstructed temperature is significantly correlated with CARs, with rising temperatures linked to higher CARs. Under future climate conditions, which are predicted to be warmer in the region, we predict that peat growth may expand but that this is entirely dependent upon the scale of human impact directly affecting the sensitive hydrological budget of these peatlands.
Thermal non-equilibrium of porous flow in a resting matrix applicable to melt migration: a parametric study
Authors: Chevalier Laure , Schmeling Harro
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Fluid flow through rock occurs in many geological settings on different scales, at different temperature conditions and with different flow velocities. Depending on these conditions the fluid will be in local thermal equilibrium with the host rock or not. To explore the physical parameters controlling thermal non-equilibrium the coupled heat equations for fluid and solid phases are formulated for a fluid migrating through a resting porous solid by Darcy flow. By non-dimensionalizing the equations three non-dimensional numbers can be identified controlling thermal non-equilibrium: the Peclet number Pe describing the fluid velocity, the heat transfer number A describing the local interfacial heat transfer from the fluid to the solid, and the porosity ϕ. The equations are solved numerically for the fluid and solid temperature evolution for a simple 1D model setup with constant flow velocity. Three stages are observed: a transient stage followed by a stage with maximum non-equilibrium fluid to solid temperature difference, ∆Tmax, and a stage approaching the steady state. A simplified time-independent ordinary differential equation for depth-dependent (Tf  – Ts) is derived and analytically solved. From these solutions simple scaling laws of the form (Tf  – Ts) = f (Pe, A, ϕ, H), where H is the non-dimensional model height, are derived. The solutions for ∆Tmax and the scaling laws are in good agreement with the numerical solutions. The parameter space Pe, A, ϕ, H is systematically explored. In the Pe – A – parameter space three regimes can be identified: 1) at high Pe (> 1) strong thermal non-equilibrium develops independently of Pe and A; 2) at low Pe (< 1) and low A (< 1) non-equilibrium decreases proportional to decreasing Pe; 3) at low Pe (<1) and large A (>1) non-equilbrium scales with Pe/A and thus becomes unimportant. The porosity ϕ has only a minor effect on thermal non-equilibrium. The time scales for reaching thermal non-equilibrium scale with the advective time-scale in the high Pe-regime and with the interfacial diffusion time in the other two low Pe – regimes. Applying the results to natural magmatic systems such as mid-ocean ridges can be done by estimating appropriate orders of Pe and A. Plotting such typical ranges in the Pe – A regime diagram reveals that a) interstitial melt flow is in thermal equilibrium, b) melt channelling as e.g. revealed by dunite channels may reach moderate thermal non-equilibrium, and c) the dyke regime is at full thermal non-equilibrium.
Modelling Glacier Evolution in Bhutanese Himalaya during the Little Ice Age
Authors: Yang Weilin , Li Yingkui , Liu Gengnian , Chu Wenchao
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Mountain glaciers provide us a window into past climate change and landscape evolution, but the pattern of glacier evolution at centennial or suborbital timescale remains elusive, especially in monsoonal Himalayas. We simulated the glacier evolution in Bhutanese Himalaya, a typical monsoon influenced region, during the Little Ice Age (LIA), using the Open Global Glacier Model and six paleo-climate datasets. Compared with the mapped glacial landforms, the model can well capture the glacier length changes, especially for the experiment driving by the GISS climate dataset, but overestimates the changes in glacier area. Simulation results reveal four glacial substages at 1270s–1400s, 1470s–1520s, 1700s–1710s, and 1820s–1900s in the study area. From further analysis, a negative correlation between the number of the substages and glacier length was found, which suggests that the number and occurrence of glacial substages are regulated by the heterogeneous responses of glaciers to climate change. In addition, the changes in summer temperature dominated the glacier evolution in this region during the LIA.
Three different glacier surges at a spot: What satellites observe and what not
Authors: Paul Frank , Piermattei Livia , Treichler Désirée , Gilbert Lin , Girod Luc , Kääb Andreas , Libert Ludivine , Nagler Thomas , Strozzi Tazio , Wuite Jan
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In the Karakoram, dozens of glacier surges occurred in the past two decades, making the region one of its global hot spots. Detailed analyses of dense time series from optical and radar satellite images revealed a wide range of surge behaviour in this region: from slow advances longer than a decade at low flow velocities to short, pulse-like advances over one or two years with high velocities. In this study, we present an analysis of three currently surging glaciers in the central Karakoram: North and South Chongtar Glaciers and an unnamed glacier referred to as NN9. All three glaciers flow towards the same region but differ strongly in surge behaviour. A full suite of satellite sensors and digital elevation models (DEMs) from different sources are used to (a) obtain comprehensive information about the evolution of the surges from 2000 to 2021 and (b) to compare and evaluate capabilities and limitations of the different satellite sensors for monitoring relatively small glaciers in steep terrain. A strongly contrasting evolution of advance rates and flow velocities is found, though the elevation change pattern is more similar. For example, South Chongtar Glacier had short-lived advance rates above 10 km y−1, velocities up to 30 m d−1 and surface elevations increased by 200 m. In contrast, the neighbouring and three times smaller North Chongtar Glacier had a slow and near linear increase of advance rates (up to 500 m y−1), flow velocities below 1 m d−1 and elevation increases up to 100 m. The even smaller glacier NN9 changed from a slow advance to a full surge within a year, reaching advance rates higher than 1 km y−1. It seems that, despite a similar climatic setting, different surge mechanisms are at play and a transition from one mechanism to another can occur during a single surge. The sensor inter-comparison revealed a high agreement across sensors for deriving flow velocities, but limitations are found on small and narrow glaciers in steep terrain, in particular for Sentinel-1. All investigated DEMs have the required accuracy to clearly show the volume changes during the surges and elevations from ICESat-2 ATL06 data fit neatly. We conclude that the available satellite data allow for a comprehensive observation of glacier surges from space when combining different sensors to determine the temporal evolution of length, elevation and velocity changes.
İvesi ve Romanov x İvesi Melez Koyunların Bazı Döl Verim Özellikleri, Kuzularının Yaşama Gücü ve Büyüme Gelişme Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: TÜRKYILMAZ Doğan , ÖZYÜREK Selçuk , DAĞDELEN Ülkü , ESENBUĞA Nurinisa , YAPRAK Mustafa
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma, İvesi ve Romanov x İvesi (ROxİV) (F1) melez koyunlarının bazı döl verim özellikleri ve kuzularının yaşama gücü ve büyüme gelişme özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Hayvan materyali olarak 30 baş İvesi, 37 ROxİV koyun ve bu koyunlardan doğan toplam 79 baş kuzu kullanılmıştır. Doğum oranı, ikiz doğum oranı ve bir doğuma düşen kuzu sayısı İvesi koyunlarında sırasıyla % 83, % 4 ve 1.04; ROxİV melez koyunlarında ise % 91.9, % 55.9 ve 1.56 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kuzuların sütten kesime, 120. güne ve mera sonuna kadar yaşama oranları İvesi ırkında % 96.2, % 84.6 ve % 80.8; ROxİV melezlerinde ise % 81.1, % 71.7 ve % 60.4 olarak bulunmuştur. ROxİV koyunlarının doğum oranları İvesi koyunlarından önemli ölçüde yüksek iken, İvesi kuzularının hayatta kalma oranlarının daha iyi olduğu ve mera sonunda ROxİV kuzularında ölüm oranının %39.6'ya ulaştığı gözlenmiştir. Ortalama doğum ağırlığı, sütten kesim ağırlığı ve mera sonu ağırlığı İvesi kuzularında 3.87, 15.56 ve 24.95 kg; ROxİV kuzularında 3.23, 12.77 ve 19.89 kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Doğum ağırlığı, sütten kesim ağırlığı, mera sonu ağırlığı üzerine genotip, ana yaşı ve doğum tipinin etkisi istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, ROxİV melezlemesinin döl verimini artırdığı, ancak kuzuların çeşitli dönemlerde hayatta kalma oranları ve canlı ağırlıklarının İvesi kuzularına kıyasla daha düşük oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
English for Academic Purposes Programs: Key Trends Across Canadian Universities
Authors: Douglas Scott Roy , Landry Michael
Published: December 2021

Because of the large number of post-secondary English for academic purposes (EAP) programs and the varying ways they are structured, it can be difficult to identify how a particular program fits within the overall landscape of university education.  To identify general trends across Canada, the webpages for 74 EAP programs at 50 public English-medium universities were examined for key information related to each program.  Data analysis included descriptive statistics as well as graphical representation.  The results pointed to typical EAP programs that are independent units that offer non-credit courses with some credit options, have international tuition fees around $9,000 per semester, provide approximately 22 hours of instruction per week, and generally require IELTS scores over 5.0 or TOEFL iBT scores over 59 for entry.  These results provide an avenue of comparison and indicate the need for future research to better understand how EAP programming is conceptualized in the Canadian context.
Internationalization Policies of Public Schooling and Neoliberal Discourses: A Stephen Ball Informed Analysis
Authors: Elnagar Abdelhady
Published: December 2021

This article examines the neoliberal underpinnings of current internationalization policies of public schooling in Canadian contexts. It goes beyond the existing institutional practices and approaches to internationalize K–12 public schooling and focuses more on the federal and provincial international education policies and strategies that govern the institutional practices. The article pays more attention to the neoliberal developmental contexts of these governmental policies. It employs Stephen Ball’s writings, particularly his views of policy as text and policy as discourse, to analyze the ways in which global neoliberalism and its public discourses on public education marketization, privatization, and expansion of policy communities relate to the development of current internationalization policies of K–12 public schooling as texts and as discourses in Canada. The analysis suggests that the global neoliberal ideology and its public discourses are the contexts that promote and legitimize the development of current market-oriented internationalization policy texts and discourses. These neoliberal discourses view public education as an internationally tradable commodity that the private sector may provide for international students and contribute to its policy development. In that context, current international education policies pay more attention to the recruitment of fee-paying K–12 international students with an increased role for the private sector in this process.
Sustantivos y sus complementos en títulos de cartularios: un análisis desde los papeles temáticos
Authors: Miguel Franco Ruth
Published: December 2021

Los sustantivos deverbales y un cierto tipo de icónicos en latín pueden recibir dos complementos, que suelen tener los papeles temáticos de Tema y Agente y que se pueden expresar mediante un genitivo o un complemento preposicional, entre otros. Partiendo de esta base, el objetivo de este artículo es, por una parte, estudiar cómo se organiza la expresión de estos complementos utilizando para ello un corpus de títulos de los documentos copiados en tres cartularios de los siglos XII-XIII. Por otra, pretendemos analizar qué relación encontramos entre los diferentes tipos de sustantivos y la categoría sintáctica y papeles temáticos de sus argumentos. De este modo, obtendremos un panorama del funcionamiento de las redes argumentales de estos sustantivos en una tradición discursiva particular del latín medieval.
Gothic Overtones: The Female Monster in Margaret Atwood’s “Lusus Naturae”
Authors: López Ramírez Manuela
Published: December 2021

In “Lusus Naturae,” Margaret Atwood shows her predilection for the machinations of Gothic fiction. She resorts to gothic conventions to express female experience and explore the psychological but also the physical victimisation of the woman in a patriarchal system. Atwood employs the female monster metaphor to depict the passage from adolescence to womanhood through a girl who undergoes a metamorphosis into a “vampire” as a result of a disease, porphyria. The vampire as a liminal gothic figure, disrupts the boundaries between reality and fantasy/supernatural, human and inhuman/animal, life and death, good and evil, femme fatale and virgin maiden. By means of the metaphor of the vampire woman, Atwood unveils and contests the construction of a patriarchal gender ideology, which has appalling familial and social implications.
Variation in embodied metaphors: A contrastive analysis of taste metaphors in Spanish and English
Authors: Torres Soler Julio
Published: December 2021

Whereas in the late 90s the universal character of many embodied conceptual metaphors was overemphasised, in the last years some authors have claimed that culture plays a crucial role in the motivation of all kinds of conceptual metaphors, including those grounded on universal bodily experiences. In order to shed some light on this issue, we carry out a contrastive analysis of conceptual metaphors with basic tastes as a source domain in Spanish and in English. To this end, we employ a mixed approach, combining data from dictionaries and linguistic corpora. Our analysis reveals that variation is higher at the level of linguistic expression and lower, but still significant, at the conceptual level. Although most taste metaphors are shared by Spanish and English, a few language-specific conceptual metaphors are also found, proving that food culture has an influence on the motivation of conceptual metaphors.
La invención del primer anuncio publicitario de la historia
Authors: Poveda Salvá Miquel
Published: December 2021

La presente contribución analiza una historia que sitúa el inicio de la publicidad en el antiguo Egipto, a través del llamado papiro de Hapu. Se argumenta que la veracidad de esta historia no se sostiene en base a ninguna evidencia documental. Este relato ha sido repetido en infinidad de ocasiones, desde hace más de un siglo, apareciendo citado incluso en obras recientes dentro del campo de la historia de la publicidad. Sin embargo, la constante en todas estas citas es la falta de referencias fiables a las fuentes primarias. Tras trazar la historia de la propagación de esta historia en la bibliografía, el presente artículo verifica la inexistencia del papiro de Hapu el tejedor y la falsedad de la frase «donde se tejen las más bellas telas al gusto de cada uno», citada durante décadas como primera frase publicitaria de la historia.
Design Thinking para la enseñanza de la Creatividad en el ámbito universitario. Un proyecto factible.
Authors: De Miguel Zamora Marta
Published: December 2021

El Design Thinking o pensamiento de diseño es una metodología de trabajo que se centra en analizar algo con el fin de implementar cambios o mejoras. Es un proceso de innovación y, como tal, una pauta de creatividad aplicada. Muchas organizaciones de diferente índole, incluidas escuelas, han implantado esta filosofía en sus centros y han divulgado sus métodos. Su principal característica es formentar nuevas formas de pensamiento y de enfrentarse a los problemas, motivo por el que consideramos que esta metodología puede ser de utilidad en el aula. Con el objetivo de integrar el Design Thinking al ejercicio docente de la Creatividad en Publicidad en el ámbito de universitario, planteamos un proyecto factible que conlleva el diseño de una programación didáctica y el análisis de su viabilidad. Previamente, hemos estudiado la situación en la que se encuentra la enseñanza de la Creatividad en la rama de Ciencias de la Comunicación. Este estudio nos ha dado indicios de mejora de la docencia y unos objetivos que se han cubierto con el diseño de un programa docente basado en el aprendizaje por problemas. El análisis de viabilidad ha sido favorable desde las perspectivas didáctica, material, humana y económica, lo que habilita la posibilidad de su ejecución práctica.
Impacto académico y social de la investigación sobre Inteligencia Artificial: análisis basado en la base de datos Dimensions
Authors: Andrade Gontijo Marília Catarina , Ferreira de Araújo Ronaldo , Travieso Rodríguez Críspulo
Published: December 2021

Se estudia la producción científica sobre Inteligencia Artificial atendiendo tanto a las características de las investigaciones publicadas como a su interés público y social. Tras aplicar una metodología exploratoria, se analiza el impacto académico mediante indicadores de citación y la atención online mediante indicadores altmétricos. En total se recopilaron los datos de 7.453 artículos científicos en acceso abierto publicados entre 2012 y 2019, mediante búsqueda en la base de datos Dimensions y empleando Altmetric Explorer para las métricas alternativas. Los resultados muestran que el impacto académico fue moderado, con un 53,3% de los trabajos recibiendo al menos una cita, mientras que la atención online podría considerarse baja, con un 32,3% de los artículos siendo mencionados en medios y redes sociales. Se constató el carácter interdisciplinar de la investigación sobre Inteligencia Artificial y el valor complementario de la bibliometría y la altmetría para el análisis del impacto integral de las publicaciones científicas.
La representación de ETA en la prensa española: el terrorismo en portada (1973-1998)
Authors: Morera Hernández Coral
Published: December 2021

El presente estudio analiza la representación de los atentados de ETA en las portadas de la prensa española de referencia: La Vanguardia, ABC y El País. A través del análisis de contenido de base cuantitativa y cualitativa de un número amplio de atentados, se persigue identificar el discurso icónico y semántico que llevaron a cabo las cabeceras ante el terrorismo de ETA. El trabajo da cuenta de la actitud de la prensa ante lo que fue el problema más grave de la democracia, y abre una línea de investigación sobre la evolución del tratamiento informativo del terrorismo.