bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterial infections in carcasses of ruminants slaughtered at the two slaughterhouses of Kassala, Sudan
Authors: Shuaib Yassir A. , Niemann Stefan , Khalil Eltahir A.G. , Schaible Ulrich , Wieler Lothar H. , Bakheit Mohammed A. , Mohamed-Noor Saad E. , Abdalla Mohamed A. , Richter Elvira
Published: April 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial disease of humans and animals. It is characterized by the progressive development of specific granulomatous lesions in affected organs. Human TB is endemic in Eastern Sudan. However, knowledge on the epidemiology of TB in ruminants is scarce. In a six-month study from June to November 2014, a total of 2304 carcasses of cattle, sheep, goats and camels slaughtered at the East and West Gaash slaughterhouses of Kassala were inspected to investigate TB prevalence. Only 0.1% (n = 2) of the carcasses had suspicious TB lesions. These lesions were solely found in carcasses of sheep, in the liver, lungs, and peritoneal cavity. The samples collected from the lesions were investigated for the presence of mycobacteria, which were found in one of the two carcasses. The grown bacteria were subjected to a line probe assay (GenoType Mycobacterium CM), and to 16S rDNA and ITS gene sequencing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). However, none of these methods identified this isolate as a valid Mycobacterium species. Nevertheless, 16S sequence allocated this isolate to slow growing mycobacteria. Neither Mycobacterium bovis nor M. caprae nor M. tuberculosis were found in the collected granulomatous lesions. In conclusion, the overall prevalence of TB-suggestive lesions in ruminants in Kassala was very low. Extended studies combining the use of a tuberculin skin test and slaughterhouse-based investigations should be adopted for TB surveillance in ruminants in Sudan.
PENGARUH MODEL PROCESS ORIENTED GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING (POGIL) DENGAN MEDIA KARTU MASALAH TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI MOMENTUM DAN IMPULS DI SMA
Authors: Rosidah Cholifatur , Sudarti Sudarti , Maryani Maryani
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe type of this research was experimental research with post-test only controlgroup design in SMA Negeri 1 Panji Situbondo 2016/2017. This research purposed toknow the influence of POGIL models with media card problems with understandingstudents and student learning activities. Determination of research sample is usedcluster random sampling, X MIA 4 as experiment class and X MIA 2 as control class.The technique of data analysis were independent sample t-test with program SPSS 22.Based on analysis of Mann-Whitney test result, showed that model of POGIL withmedia card problems have significantly effect to the understanding of the student'sconcept. Based on the analysis of the independent sample t-test results showed thatmodel of POGIL with media card problems have significantly effect to student learningactivities.Keyword: POGIL, understanding the concept, student learning activities
PENGARUH MODEL PBI (PROBLEM BASED INSTRUCTIONS) DISERTAI MEDIA AUDIOVISUAL TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA (Materi Momentum dan Impuls Kelas X MAN 1 Jember)
Authors: Alfianti Ika Nur Aini , Bektiarso Singgih , Lesmono Albertus Djoko
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this research were to study the effect of PBI (Problem BasedInstructions) model with audiovisual media towards the student’s science process skillsand student learning outcomes. This research was an experiment research conducted inMAN 1 Jember. The population in this research were all students of Xth grade in MIAMAN 1 Jember academic year 2016/2017. The data on student’s science process skillsand student learning outcomes were obtained from written tests at the end of momentumand impulse learning in the experiment class and control class. To examine thehypothesis, this research used independent sample t-test with SPSS 23 version.According to the independent sample t-test analysis, the results of this research were asfollows: (1) PBI (Problem Based Instructions) model with audiovisual media has ansignificant effect to science process skill in physics Xth grade in MAN 1 Jember and (2)PBI (Problem Based Instructions) model with audiovisual media has an significanteffect to student learning outcomes in physics Xth grade in MAN 1 Jember.Keyword: PBI (problem based instructions), audiovisual media, student’s scienceprocess skills, student learning outcomes
Preliminary Analysis of Wind Retrieval Based on GF-3 Wave Mode Images
Authors: Wang Lei , Han Bing , Yuan Xinzhe , Lei Bin , Ding Chibiao , Yao Yulin , Chen Qi
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we analyze the measurements of the normalized radar cross-section(NRCS) in Wave Mode for Chinese C-band Gaofen-3(GF-3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Based on 2779 images from GF-3 quad-polarization SAR in Wave Mode and collocated wind vectors from ERA-Interim, we verify the feasibility of using ocean surface wind fields and VV-polarized NRCS to perform normalized calibration. The method uses well-validated empirical C-band geophysical model function (CMOD4) to estimate the calibration constant for each beam. The Amazon rainforest experiment results show that the accuracy of obtained calibration constant meets the requirements. In addition, the relationship between cross-pol NRCS and wind vectors is discussed. The cross-pol NRCS increases linearly with wind speed and it has an approximate cosine modulation with the wind direction when the wind speed is greater than 8m/s. The cross-polarized system noise floor is low enough to ignore it in wind retrieval. Furthermore, we also investigate the properties of the polarization ratio, denoted PR, and show that it is dependent on incidence angle and azimuth angle. Two empirical models of the PR are fitted, one as a function of incidence angle only, the other with additional dependence on azimuth angle. Assessments show that the σ_VV^0 retrieved from new PR models as well as σ_HH^0 is in good agreement with σ_VV^0 extracted from SAR images directly. And it is also shown that considering the azimuth angle can improve polarization conversion accuracy.
PENGARUH BAHASA ARAB TERHADAP IDENTITAS SOSIO-KULTURALDAN KEAGAMAAN MASYARAKAT KOPTIK DI MESIR
Authors: Yoyo Yoyo
Published: April 2018

In general, Arabic is the official language of the Arab states. However, at the beginning of its contact with non-Arab societies, this language—that is always associated as the language of Islam—was not easily accepted by non-Muslims. One of them is Coptic community, the native of Egyptian people who are Christians and speak Coptic language. The spread of the Arabic language was a serious challenge for them both from the issue of social identity, culture, and religion. This paper attempts to elaborate the reactions and efforts made by the Coptic community on the influence of the Arabic language to their lives. In detail, the paper tries to answer research questions as follow: 1) Howwas the social and political background of Coptic community before and after the coming of Islam in Egypt? 2) How was the Islamization and Arabization process in Egypt? Did the process run concurrently or two things different from its periode? What is the influence of the Arabic language on socio cultural and religious aspects of the Coptic community? To arrive at these objectives, the author used descriptive analysis methods by reviewing previous studies related to the subject and combining it with current information. The results showed that: 1) from the socio-cultural side, Arabic has become Coptic identity that can be seen from their Arabic names and their integration as part of both in ritual and religious literature.
KEBEBASAN WANITA PADA TEKS “WARDAH AL-HĀNĪ” (1908) DALAM ANTOLOGI CERPEN “AL-ARWĀH AL-MUTAMARRIDAH” KARYA JUBRĀN KHALĪL JUBRĀN (KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA)
Authors: Tri Yanti Nurul Hidayati Mufidah Nuruddiniyah,
Published: April 2018

Women and emancipation are two things that can not be separated, both are like two sides of the same coin. One form of women's emancipation is a freedom of determining a spouse. This research aims to describe the several forms of women's freedom of determining a spouse in short story of Kahlil Gibran entitled Wardah Al-Hānī based on literary sociology theory of Rene Wellek and Austin Warren. The methodology used to realize that aim is descriptive qualitative. The results reveal that women's freedom of determining a spouse is divided into two perspectives, one relates to the opinion of the character in a story and other determined by his behaviors. In the first side, the character has an opinion that the real happiness in the life only can be brought by love. So, she must choose the man she loved. And in another side, the women's freedom is shown by the way she left her legal husband and went to the other beloved man to make her happiness life.
ARTI “AIR DAN IKAN” MENURUT KODE BAHASA, SASTRA, DAN BUDAYA
Authors: Sangidu Sangidu
Published: April 2018

The water and the fish have different meanings because of a lingual difference, literary, and cultural code that bounds them. This paper aims to discover these meanings and uses to realize this aim convenient theories and methods that are semiotic. The semiotic theories are all studies that examine all of the communication forms using the codes based on lingual, literary, and cultural codes. This semiotic framework consists of two principal elements namely signifier and signified. The method used to solve this problem is by heuristic and hermeneutic reading conducted simultaneously. The result of this paper reveals that the term of water indicates the following several meanings: the source of very vital life, the pure heart, the patience and power of the marginalized populaces, and flowing naturally down forever, and that the term of fish signifies the meanings of very high protein’s source needed by the body of human, entertaining the heart, and a symbol of a perfect person wishing to meet The God.
BENTUK DAN PERILAKU FRASA VERBA NOMINA DALAM BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Arifuddin Arifuddin,
Published: April 2018

Verbal noun phrase (VNP) is a component of the construct phrase or idhāfah. This study aims to describe VNP’s structure and behavior in arabic grammar and show the unique characteristics of VNP among other types of construct phrase. The methodology used in this study is qualitative descriptive. The data containing VNP is collected from several sources i.e The Quran, Prophetic tradition, and online newspaper. The analysis of data is occurred by distributional methode in which bases its performance on analysing each linguistic particular related to other units. The results state that VNP has distinctive form: the first term mudhāf is a verbal noun which has neither the definite article nor nunation, and second term is definite or indefinite noun with no prepositional insertion. In order to syntac relation built by VNP the second term is the agent or doer of the action conveid by verbal noun, or the object of an action.
Robot Navigation in Forest Management
Authors: Mowshowitz Abbe , Tominaga Ayumu , Hayashi Eiji ,   Department of Computer Science, The City College of New York (CUNY) Convent Avenue at 138th Street, New York, NY 10031, USA,   Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
Published: April 2018

This paper addresses the problem of using a mobile, autonomous robot to manage a forest whose trees are destined for eventual harvesting. “Manage” in this context means periodical weeding between all the trees in the forest. We have constructed a robotic system enabling an autonomous robot to move between the trees without damaging them and to cut the weeds as it traverses the forest. This was accomplished by 1) computing a trajectory for the robot in advance of its entrance into the forest, and 2) developing a program and equipping the robot with the instruments needed to follow the trajectory. Computation of a trajectory in a forest is facilitated by treating the trees as vertices in a graph. Current, laser-based instruments make it possible to identify individual trees and compute distances between them. With this information a forest can be represented as a weighted graph. This graph can then be modified systematically in a way that allows for computing a Hamiltonian circuit that passes between each pair of trees. This representation is an instance of the well known Travelling Salesman Problem. The theory was put into practice in an experimental forest located at the Kyushu Institute of Technology. Our robot “SOMA,” built on an ATV platform, was able to follow a part of the trajectory computed for this small forest, thus demonstrating the feasibility of forest maintenance by an autonomous, labor saving robot.
FEMINICÍDIO: FEMINISMO E DIREITO PENAL SIMBÓLICO
Authors: Thomasi Tanise Zago
Published: April 2018

O objetivo do trabalho é verificar se o feminicídio, modalidade do crime homicídio inserida na legislação penal através da Lei nº 13.104/2015, constitui uma nova incidência do chamado direito penal simbólico, estudando a trajetória traçada pelo feminismo no direito brasileiro e sua atuação contra à violência em razão de gênero, bem como as características e funções do direito penal. A pesquisa demonstra que as circunstâncias e os motivos da inclusão da norma no ordenamento jurídico têm berço no movimento feminista, revelando sua afinidade com as causas sociais responsáveis por sua instituição e a prioridade que deposita na função simbólica da lei penal. Emprega-se para tal o método dedutivo, analisando concepções depreendidas de estudos já anteriormente efetuados.
O AGIR JUSTO SEGUNDO IMMANUEL KANT: CONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DAS MOTIVAÇÕES
Authors: Zambam Neuro José , Spiazzi Algerich Antunes Lucio Henrique
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é abordar o agir justo em Kant, a partir da motivação para a tomada de decisões justas e fundamentar o seu valor como sujeito racional perante as intenções que impulsionam seus atos. A opção pela instrumentalidade da lei e suas prerrogativas busca demonstrar os imperativos que comandam a execução das ações, visualizando a consideração moral individual para a busca pela Justiça. O dever ser kantiano sugere o esclarecimento do sujeito da ação para efetivar a justiça particular, pois a autonomia e liberdade são elementares neste processo. A simples afirmação das leis e normas reflete a carência do seu sentido antropológico porque o ser racional torna-se apenas espectador. O método utilizado na investigação é o investigativo bibliográfico onde serão analisadas obras de Kant para fundamentar a exposição e, de comentadores para ampliar a sua compreensão. O texto persegue a ideia que a decisão humana justa está em conexão intrínseca com a sua manifestação moral e racional, porque interessa mais os fundamentos e reflexões do agir humano do que as prerrogativas criadas pelas leis a fim de ordenar a vivência em sociedade.
EPISTEMOLOGIA, COMPLEXIDADE E MULTICULTURALISMO: UMA REFLEXÃO NECESSÁRIA PARA UMA PESQUISA CIENTÍFICA DO DIREITO
Authors: Jablonski Patricia Inês
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo tem como escopo abordar a compreensão da complexidade por meio de uma reflexão complexa, objetivando investigar a possibilidade da utilização do pensamento complexo para se fazer pesquisa científica na área do Direito ao adotar como ponto de partida, uma leitura epistemológica complexo-sistêmica. As principais questões a serem enfrentadas são: a demonstração de uma epistemologia complexa, a compreensão da complexidade pelo Direito; a compreensão do multiculturalismo e da necessidade sistêmica pelas sociedades multiculturais, bem como o imperativo de respostas adequadas em Direito, às exigências da sociedade contemporânea. A metodologia de abordagem qualitativa, de método dialógico, em pesquisa teórica, com coleta de dados bibliográficos e análise de dados de conteúdo. Procura demonstrar, em um contexto contemporâneo de contingência, intersubjetivismo, auto-reprodução e conexão em rede, algumas características que dão forma a sociedade contemporânea e que desvelam por sua vez, novos desafios a pesquisa científica, nos impondo a necessidade de uma nova leitura ou até mesmo de criação de pressupostos de interpretação e compreensão da sociedade contemporânea.
JULGAMENTOS DAS LEIS DE ANISTIA PELA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS E OS ESFORÇOS DA SOCIEDADE CIVIL NA JUSTIÇA DE TRANSIÇÃO DA ARGENTINA E DO PERU
Authors: Oliveira David Barbosa de
Published: April 2018

Resumo: Este artigo objetiva realizar uma análise sobre o reflexo do julgamento da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos sobre o ordenamento jurídico da Argentina e do Peru, especificamente, sobre suas leis de anistia. Para tanto lançamos mão de metodologia comparativa. A fim de alcançar os objetivos aqui propostos inicialmente buscamos explanar o método comparado, bem como os pressupostos do direito comparado quanto matéria jurídica. Por fim, investigamos se houve algum reflexo do julgamento da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos sobre as anistias desses países nos seus ordenamentos jurídicos, tendo sempre em vista as disputas e acordos sociais no estabelecimento dessas alterações.
The ability of household pitcher-style water purifiers to remove microcystins depends on filtration rate and activated carbon source
Authors: Chaffin Justin D. , Fox Erica L. , Nauman Callie A. , Slodysko Kristen N.
Published: April 2018

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms are a global threat to human health due to contamination of drinking water. To ensure public safety, water treatment plants must have the capability to remove cyanotoxins from water. Recently, however, there have been several instances when microcystins, a common group of cyanotoxins, have been detected in tap water. This research investigated if commercially available pitcher-style water purifiers were able to remove microcystins from water. Microcystins were extracted from two naturally occurring blooms in Lake Erie, diluted to initial concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 μg/L, and then subjected to three purifier types. Results showed that the purifier with the fastest percolation rate (126 seconds/L) and a filter cartridge comprised solely of coconut-based activated carbon removed 50% or less of the microcystins, while the purifier with the slowest percolation rate (374 seconds/L) and a blend of activated carbon decreased microcystins to below detectable levels (<0.10 μg/L) in all experiments. Thus, pitcher-style purifiers with slow percolation rates and composed of a blend of active carbon can provide an additional layer of protection against microcystins; however, it is recommended that consumers switch water sources when cyanotoxins are confirmed to be in tap water.
Discovery of Hybrid Purine-quinoline Molecules and Their Cytotoxic Evaluation
Authors: Kapadiya Khushal M. , Khunt Ranjan C.
Published: April 2018

Background:

Apart from the “hit drugs”, there are many others being studied for their
potent activity against several hostilities. To date, anticancer research has been exploited on the
inherent versatility and active core skeleton of the compounds. Literature suggests that nitrogen rich
molecules are most active and found in their potent cancer activity. Purine-based compounds such
as olomoucine and roscovitine, which contain other heterobicyclic ring systems, are useful for the
cell proliferation inhibitors in the treatment of many types of cancer.

Methods:

We put forward the novel purine based compounds, aryl amino-quinoline-purine by a
two-step procedure. In the first step, nitrogen rich molecule was synthesized by the coupling of 2,6-
dichloropurine with 3-aminoquinoline in an acidic reaction conditions at the C-6 position of purine.
Aryl amines were introduced at the C-2 position by acid catalyst and using polar solvent at comparatively
higher reaction conditions to furnish the desired products.

Results:

Stereochemical aspect was introduced for the identification of attachment of 3-
aminoquinoline at the C-2/ C-6 position of purine and it was concluded by the spectral analysis
(HMBC spectrum). The spectral data revealed that the first chloro-amine coupling was directed at
the C-6 position rather than C-2 and the second chloro-amine coupling by various aryl amines were
directed at the C-2 position. The applications of synthesized compounds were identified by their
cytotoxic study against NCI-60 cell-lines. Out of nine selected molecules by NCI, 5a has shown
promising response in a single dose study and GI50 value, 7.57 µM indicated that it has 7.57% lethality
over HOP-92 cell-line (non-small cell lung cancer panel).

Conclusion:

Two straightforward novelties were introduced, first stereochemical identification for
chloro-amine coupling in purine either at the C-2 or C-6 position on the basis of HMBC spectrum.
And a second type of uniqueness was to identify better anti-cancer agents out of synthesized scaffolds.
Overall study shows that compound 5a is a novel therapeutic agent after modification for the
treatment of non-small cell lung and it satisfied determined threshold growth inhibition criteria at a
single dose level.
Human Fibronectin Extra-Domain B (EDB)-Specific Aptide (APTEDB) Radiolabelling with Technetium-99m as a Potent Targeted Tumour-Imaging Agent
Authors: Mohammadgholi Mohsen , Sadeghzadeh Nourollah , Erfani Mostafa , Abediankenari Saeid , Abedi Seyed Mohammad , Emrarian Iman , Jafari Narjes , Behzadi Ramezan
Published: April 2018

Background:

Human fibronectin extra-domain B (EDB) is particularly expressed during angiogenesis
progression. It is, thus, a promising marker of tumour growth. Aptides are a novel class of peptides with
high-affinity binding to specific protein targets. APTEDB is an antagonist-like ligand that especially interacts with
human fibronectin EDB.

Objective:

This study was the first attempt in which the hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC)-conjugated APTEDB
was labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc) as an appropriate radiotracer and tricine/EDDA exchange labeling.

Methods:

Radiochemical purity, normal saline, and serum stability were evaluated by HPLC and radio-isotope
TLC scanner. Other examinations, such as protein-binding calculation, dissociation radioligand binding assay,
and partition coefficient constant determination, were also carried out. The cellular-specific binding of 99mTc-
HYNIC-conjugated APTEDB was assessed in two EDB-positive (U87MG) and EDB-negative (U373MG) cell
lines. Bio-distribution was investigated in normal mice as well as in U87MG and U373MG tumour-bearing
mice. Eventually, the radiolabelled APTEDB was used for tumour imaging using planar SPECT.

Results:

Radiolabelling was achieved with high purity (up to 97%) and accompanied by high solution (over
90% after overnight) and serum (80% after 2 hours) stability. The obtained cellular-specific binding ratio was
greater than nine-fold. In-vivo experiments showed rapid blood clearance with mainly renal excretion and tumour
uptake specificity (0.48±0.03% ID/g after 1h). The results of the imaging also confirmed considerable
tumour uptake for EDB-positive cell line compared with the EDB-negative one.

Conclusion:

Aptides are considered to be a potent candidate for biopharmaceutical applications. They can be
modified with imaging or therapeutic agents. This report shows the capability of 99mTc-HYNIC-APTEDB for
human EDB-expressing tumours detection.
Targeting Cell Necroptosis and Apoptosis Induced by Shikonin via Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Cell Line, MCF-7
Authors: Shahsavari Zahra , Karami-Tehrani Fatemeh , Salami Siamak
Published: April 2018

Background:

Recognition of a new therapeutic agent may activate an alternative programmed cell
death for the treatment of breast cancer.

Objective:

Here, it has been tried to evaluate the effects of Shikonin, a naphthoquinone derivative of Lithospermum
erythrorhizon, on the induction of necroptosis and apoptosis mediated by RIPK1-RIPK3 in the ER+ breast
cancer cell line, MCF-7.

Methods:

In the current study, cell death modalities, cell cycle patterns, RIPK1 and RIPK3 expressions,
caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential have been
evaluated in the Shikonin-treated MCF-7 cells.

Results:

Necroptosis and apoptosis have been occurred by Shikonin, with a significant increase in RIPK1 and
RIPK3 expressions, although necroptosis was the major rout in MCF-7 cells. Shikonin significantly increased
the percentage of the cells in sub-G1 and also those in the later stages of cell cycle, which represents an increase
in necroptosis and apoptosis. Under caspase inhibition by Z-VAD-FMK, Shikonin has stimulated necroptosis,
which could be arrested by Nec-1. An increase in ROS levels and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane
potential have also been observed.

Conclusion:

On the basis of present findings, Shikonin has been suggested as a good candidate for the induction
of cell death in ER+ breast cancer, although further investigations, experimental and clinical, are required.
Bacterial CRISPR Regions: General Features and their Potential for Epidemiological Molecular Typing Studies
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Ahmadi Ali , Najafi Ali , Ranjbar Reza
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) loci as novel and applicable regions in prokaryotic genomes have gained great attraction in the post genomics era.

Methods:

These unique regions are diverse in number and sequence composition in different pathogenic bacteria and thereby can be a suitable candidate for molecular epidemiology and genotyping studies. Results:Furthermore, the arrayed structure of CRISPR loci (several unique repeats spaced with the variable sequence) and associatedcasgenes act as an active prokaryotic immune system against viral replication and conjugative elements. This property can be used as a tool for RNA editing in bioengineering studies.

Conclusion:

The aim of this review was to survey some details about the history, nature, and potential applications of CRISPR arrays in both genetic engineering and bacterial genotyping studies.
Male Partners’ Portion of Date Among Heterosexual College Students: Changes from 1999 to 2014 in Korea
Authors: Youn Gahyun
Published: April 2018

Background:

Traditionally, men are perceived as the initiators of dating activities, with women as submissive followers. In this view, paying for a date is the responsibility of the man.

Methods:

This study examined how much money Korean heterosexual college men have paid for dates during the past decade.

Results:

Many women have become initiators of the dating process as society has become more egalitarian, but many studies have reported that men still pay for the first few dates.

Conclusion:

Men have paid about 72% of all the expenses for a date in 1999 but the ratio dropped to about 63% in 2014.
Effect of transverse electric field on polariton reflectance spectra of wide quantum wells
Authors: Loginov D.K. , Donets A.V.
Published: April 2018

AbstractExcitonic waves propagating in thick GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells form an interference pattern, which is observed as oscillations in the reflectance spectra. Oscillations in the spectra of wide GaAs quantum wells should reveal a non-trivial behavior as a function of the external uniform electric field as it is found in the theory developed in the present work. The oscillations are suppressed as the electric field increases and then reappear again with an opposite phase at the further rise of the field.
Site-controlled growth of GaN nanorods with inserted InGaN quantum wells on mu-cone patterned sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted MBE
Authors: Jmerik V.N. , Shubina T.V. , Nechaev D.V. , Semenov A.N. , Kirilenko D.A. , Davydov V.Yu. , Smirnov A.N. , Eliseev I.A. , Posina G. , Ivanov S.V.
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report on a new approach to fabricate regular arrays of GaN nanorods (NRs) with InGaN QWs by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (PA MBE) on micro-cone patterned sapphire substrates (μ-CPSSs). A two-stage PA MBE fabrication process of GaN NRs has been developed, starting with a high temperature nucleation layer growth at metal-rich conditions to aggregate selectively GaN nucleus on c-oriented areas of the μ-CPSSs and followed by growth of 1-μm-thick GaN NRs at strongly nitrogen-rich conditions exactly on the cone tips. These results are explained by energetically favorable GaN growth on the (000-) oriented sapphire surface. Both micro-photoluminescence and micro-cathodoluminescence confirm the formation of regular array of optically and spectrally isolated NRs without usage of any nanolithography.
Частотная зависимость угла диэлектрических потерь в неупорядоченных полупроводниках в терагерцовой области частот-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Ормонт М.А. , Звягин И.П.
Published: April 2018

AbstractFrequency dependence of the real part of the conductivity σ_1(ω) in the region of the transition from almost linear ( s < 1) to quadratic ( s ≈ 2) can indicate a change in the conduction mechanism (the transition from the variable-range to the fixed-range hopping with increasing frequency); in this case, the sharpness of the change in the slope of the frequency characteristic is related to the dependence of the preexponential factor of the resonance integral on the intercenter distance in the pair. The frequency dependence of the imaginary part of the conductivity σ_2(ω) has no kink in the vicinity of the transition frequency ωcr, remaining almost linear. A large dielectric loss angle |cotγ| = |σ_2|/σ_1 can indicate that the imaginary part of the conductivity at ω < ω_cr is defined by the larger zero-phonon contribution in σ_2^res the region of weak variation in the loss angle γ(ω), which significantly exceeds the relaxation contribution σ_2^res.
Тонкопленочные гетероструктуры In-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Al-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-1-x-y-=/SUB=-As-=SUB=-z-=/SUB=-Sb-=SUB=-1-z-=/SUB=-/GaSb, выращенные в поле температурного градиента
Authors: Лунина М.Л. , Лунин Л.С. , Калинчук В.В. , Казакова А.Е.
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe thin-film In_ x Al_ y Ga_1 – x – y As_ z Sb_1 – z /GaSb heterostructures have been grown from liquid phase in a temperature gradient. The growth kinetics, the composition, the structural perfection, and the luminescence properties of the InAlGaAsSb thin films grown on a GaSb substrate have been studied.
Неоднородная деформация монокристалла KTaO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- вследствие обратного флексоэлектрического эффекта
Authors: Обозова Е.Д. , Сырников П.П. , Залесский В.Г.
Published: April 2018

AbstractNonuniform deformation induced in thin single-crystal KTaO_3 plates by an external electric field is studied by the interferometric method.
Неизотермическая нуклеация в твердом растворе CuCl в стекле: температурная область образования закритических зародышей фазы CuCl
Authors: Лейман В.И. , Ашкалунин А.Л. , Валов П.М. , Деркачева О.Ю. , Максимов В.М.
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt is established both experimentally and by calculations that the nuclei of CuCl phase do not form in the solid solution of CuCl in the glass at the temperature T _u ≥ 600°C. At the temperature of 500°C, nuclei do not form due to a low diffusion coefficient. In the temperature range of 500–600°C maximums of the flow of new clusters and the critical radius are almost at the same temperature. The supersaturation is minimal in the area of maximum. The experimental dependence of the formation rate of CuCl clusters on temperature is in a good agreement with the calculated one. It is shown that the concentration of nuclei, its average radius, and the width of distribution by radii can be effectively controlled using the cooling “on the top.” The narrow distributions of CuCl clusters in the glass with the relative half-width of about 3.7% are obtained.
Адсорбция никеля на поверхности Bi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Se-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Пудиков Д.А. , Жижин Е.В. , Владимиров Г.Г.
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe effect of the physical adsorption of nickel on a surface of a topological Bi_2Se_3 insulator on the electronic structure has been studied. The influence of the adsorbate on the chemical bond between Bi and Se atoms has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is shown as well that nickel atoms diffuse into the topological insulator volume at room temperature.
Незаполненные электронные состояния и формирование интерфейса между пленками диметил замещенных тиофен- фенилен соолигомеров и поверхностью окисленного кремния
Authors: Комолов А.С. , Лазнева Э.Ф. , Герасимова Н.Б. , Панина Ю.А. , Зашихин Г.Д. , Пшеничнюк С.А. , Борщев О.В. , Пономаренко С.А. , Handke B.
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe unoccupied electron states and the boundary potential barrier during deposition of ultrathin films of dimethyl-substituted thiophene–phenylene coolygomers of the type of CH_3–phenylene–thiophene–thiophene–phenylene–CH_3 (CH_3–PTTP–CH_3) on an oxidized silicon surface have been studied. The electronic characteristics have been measured in the energy range from 5 to 20 eV above the Fermi level using total current spectroscopy (TCS). The structure of the CH_3–PTTP–CH_3 film surfaces has been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the atomic compositions of the films have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The changes in the maximum intensities measured by the TCS method obtained from the deposited CH_3–PTTP–CH_3 film and from the substrate during increasing in the organic coating thickness to 6 nm is discussed. The formation of the boundary potential barrier in the n -Si/SiO_2/CH_3–PTTP–CH_3 is accompanied by the decrease in the surface work function from 4.2 ± 0.1 to 4.0 ± 0.1 eV as the organic coating thickness increases to 3 nm. The ratio of atomic concentrations C: S in the CH_3–PTTP–CH_3 films well corresponds to the chemical formula of CH_3–PTTP–CH_3 molecules. The roughness of the CH_3–PTTP–CH_3 coating surface was not higher than 10 nm on the ~10 × 10 μm areas as the total CH_3–PTTP–CH_3-layer thickness was about 100 nm.
Интеркалирование натрием графеновых пленок на Re(10(1)0)
Authors: Рутьков Е.В. , Афанасьева Е.Ю. , Лавровская Н.П. , Галль Н.Р.
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt is shown that during low-temperature (300–500 K) intercalation of sodium atoms into thin multilayer graphene and graphite films on rhenium the first graphene layer plays the role of a trap to which atoms coming on the surface diffuse through a graphite film. The intercalation phase of the interlayer space in the graphite bulk is actively filled at a sodium atoms concentration under the first graphene layer close to the maximum possible (2 ± 0.5) × 10^14 cm^–2. This phase capacity is proportional to the graphite film thickness that can be varied in this work from one graphene layer to ~50 atomic layers. The diffusion energy E _ d of Na atoms through the graphite film was estimated to be E _ d ≈ 1.4 eV.
Интенсификация ламинарного течения в узком микроканале с однорядными наклоненными овально-траншейными лунками
Authors: Исаев С.А. , Баранов П.А. , Леонтьев А.И. , Попов И.А.
Published: April 2018

AbstractA fully developed laminar air flow in a plane-parallel channel of width 6 and height 1 with single-row inclined oval-trench dimples on the walls are calculated using multiblock computing technologies at Re = 10^3. A periodic channel section of length 4 with one dimple of length 4.5, width 1, an angle of inclination to the flow of 45°, and a depth varying from 0 to 0.375 is considered. Intensification of a laminar flow in the flow core in a channel supplied with trench dimples of depth more than 0.25, such that the maximum velocity is 1.5 times higher than the maximum flow velocity in a smooth channel, is found.
Исследование поверхностной проводимости двойного слоя таллия на Si(111) после адсорбции лития и рубидия
Authors: Рыжкова М.В. , Борисенко Е.А. , Иванченко М.В. , Цуканов Д.А. , Зотов А.В. , Саранин А.А.
Published: April 2018

AbstractChanges in the state of a thallium bilayer on Si(111) substrate, Si(111)6 × 6–Tl, after adsorption of lithium and rubidium were studied using low-energy electron-diffraction and four-point probe-conductivity measurements. New surface reconstructions 5 × 1 and $$5\sqrt 3 \times 5\sqrt 3 $$ 5 3 × 5 3 were observed after the adsorption of lithium, and 2 × 2 and $$\sqrt 3 \times \sqrt 3 $$ 3 × 3 reconstructions appeared after the adsorption of rubidium. The surface conductivity of silicon substrates was studied as a function of the dose of deposited adsorbate. It is established that the formation of both 5 × 1 and 2 × 2 reconstructions retains the conducting properties of a two-dimensional channel constituted by the thallium bilayer.
Прецизионный алгоритм переключения мемристора в состояние с заданным сопротивлением
Authors: Никируй К.Э. , Емельянов А.В. , Демин В.А. , Рыльков В.В. , Ситников А.В. , Кашкаров П.К.
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn algorithm of memristor switching with high precision to a state with preset resistance has been developed based on the application of voltage pulses with smoothly increasing amplitude and the duration varying randomly within preset limits. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can be implemented in memristor structures based on (Co_40Fe_40B_20)_ x (LiNbO_3)_100– x nanocomposites with x ≈ 10 at. %. Optimum parameters are selected for the algorithm operation with a minimum number of iterations that allows the accuracy of resistance setting to be no worse than 0.5%. The obtained results can be used in the creation of neuromorphic systems.
Реконструкция архитектуры связей в цепочке из трех однонаправленно связанных систем методом причинности по Грейнджеру
Authors: Корнилов М.В. , Сысоев И.В.
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe propose a method for reconstructing links in a chain of unidirectionally coupled systems by means of three tests for estimating direct and mediated coupling with the aid of Granger conditional causality in terms of prognostic models with polynomial nonlinearity. It is shown that this approach allows the architecture of links in these systems to be correctly identified in more than 80% of cases.
Потоковая обработка многоканальных сигналов электроэнцефалограммы с использованием технологии параллельных вычислений на графических процессорах NVIDIA CUDA
Authors: Грубов В.В. , Недайвозов В.О.
Published: April 2018

AbstractProspects of using parallel computing technology (PaCT) methods for the stream processing and online analysis of multichannel EEG data are considered. It is shown that the application of PaCT to calculation and evaluation of spectral characteristics of EEG signals makes online determination of changes in the energy of the main rhythms of neural activity in various parts of the cerebral cortex possible. The possibility of implementing the PaCT algorithm with CUDA C library and its use in a modern brain–computer interface (BCI) for cognitive-activity monitoring in the course of visual perception.
Development of Intergeneric Canine Embryo Using Bovine and Porcine Oocyte as Cytoplasm Recipient
Authors: Fibrianto Yuda Heru
Published: April 2018

This study wa conducted to increase the efficiency of canine embryo production by intergeneric somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology. The effect of oocyte recipient for development of intergeneric canine somatic cell cloning embryos were examined. Bovine and porcine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries and matured in TCM-199 medium depend on species. Adult dog fibroblasts collected from 3.5 years old Afghandhound dog, and cell between passage 1 and passage 10 used for intergeneric somatic cell cloning using bovine and porcin oocytes as oocyte cytolplasm donor. The result showed that oocytes from bovine and porcine can de-differentiated canine nucleus and no different between bovine and porcine oocyte in fusion and embryo development in vitro. Canine intergeneric cloned embryos developed to morula stages in vitro.
Effect of Oxidative Stress on AhpC Activity and Virulence in katG Ser315 Thr Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mutant
Authors: Rintiswati Ning , Wibawa Tri , Asmara Widya , Soebono Hardyanto
Published: April 2018

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistance to INH is mainly caused by the alteration in several genesencoding the molecular targets. Mutation of katG at codon 315 especially Ser315Thr are responsible forINH resistance in a large proportion of TB cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of stressoxidative on AhpC activity of katG Ser315Thr of M.tuberculosis, and to find out the relation of AhpC and thevirulence of this mutant. The study design was laboratoric experimental, subjects of study were M.tuberculosisINH resistance strains, and the treatment were serial dose of H2O2. Eighty five M.tuberculosis INH resistantclinical strain were screened for mutation of katGSer315Thr by PCR/RFLP and characterized on the basis ofphenotypic properties (catalase activity and AhpC activity). AhpC activity of katG Ser315Thr M.tuberculosisstrains in response to oxidative stress condition was evaluated by culturing the strains on liquid culturemedium containing 1mM H2O2.To ascertain role of AhpC in the virulence of katGSer315Thr mutant strains, themutants were infected into human macrophages culture, and several indicator of virulence were observed (i.e:replication competence, and apoptosis induction on human macrophages). The results showed that katG Ser315Thr were identified in 23 (27,05%) of 85 INH resistance strains, all mutant strains had decrease of catalaseactivity. AhpC activity of katG Ser315Thr of M.tuberculosis increased significantly with increase of hydrogenperoxide dose. In addition , it has been shown that increased AhpC activity related to replication ability ofmutant, and reduction of apoptosis macrophages induction significantly. We conclude that the productionof AhpC of katG Ser315Thr M.tuberculosis induced by oxidative stress. There was a role of AhpC in virulenceof the M.tuberculosis katG Ser315Thr strains by replication capability and macrophages apoptosis.
HLA-DQ Mismatching and Kidney Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Leeaphorn Napat , Pena Jeremy Ryan A. , Thamcharoen Natanong , Khankin Eliyahu V. , Pavlakis Martha , Cardarelli Francesca
Published: April 2018

Background and objectives

Recent evidence suggests that HLA epitope-mismatching at HLA-DQ loci is associated with the development of anti-DQ donor-specific antibodies and adverse graft outcomes. However, the clinical significance of broad antigen HLA-DQ mismatching for graft outcomes is not well examined.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Using the United Network Organ Sharing/the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (UNOS/OPTN) data, patients with primary kidney transplants performed between 2005 and 2014 were included. Patients were classified as having either zero HLA-DQ mismatches, or one or two HLA-DQ mismatches. Primary outcomes were death-censored graft survival and incidence of acute rejection.

Results

A total of 93,782 patients were included. Of these, 22,730 (24%) and 71,052 (76%) received zero and one or two HLA-DQ mismatched kidneys, respectively. After adjusting for variables including HLA-ABDR, HLA-DQ mismatching was associated with a higher risk of graft loss in living kidney donor recipients with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.18 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.07 to 1.30; P<0.01), but not in deceased kidney donor recipients (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.12; P=0.18) (P value for interaction <0.01). When taking cold ischemic time into account, HLA-DQ mismatching was associated with a higher risk of graft loss in deceased kidney donor recipients with cold ischemic time ≤17 hours (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.27; P=0.002), but not in deceased kidney donor recipients with cold ischemic time >17 hours (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.06; P=0.49) (P value for interaction <0.01). Recipients with one or two HLA-DQ mismatched kidneys had a higher incidence of acute rejection at 1 year, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.23; P<0.01) in deceased donor and 1.14 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.27; P=0.02) in living donor kidney transplant recipients. Specific donor-DQ mismatches seemed to be associated with the risk of acute rejection and graft failure, whereas others did not.

Conclusions

HLA-DQ mismatching is associated with lower graft survival independent of HLA-ABDR in living donor kidney transplants and deceased donor kidney transplants with cold ischemia time ≤17 hours, and a higher 1-year risk of acute rejection in living and deceased donor kidney transplants.
Let's Align Theory & Practice
Authors: Coben Lawrence
Published: April 2018

Notes from the Corner Office:Let’s Align Theory & Practice
Neuritis óptica en presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolipidos de origen sifilítico: un diagnostico olvidado
Authors: Pantoja Meneses Samir Alexander , Alzate John Alexander , Quintero Liseth , Sanchez Daniel
Published: April 2018

La neuritis óptica es infrecuente como manifestación de sífilis ocular, la falta de características típicas genera retraso en el diagnóstico. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 47 años , inmunocompetente con historia de 4 meses de disminución progresiva de la agudeza visual de predominio izquierdo, asociado a dolor, inyección conjuntival y cefalea, al examen físico con visión de bultos y al fondo de ojo con signos de inflamación ocular dentro de la evaluación diagnostica presenta : VRDL y FTABS positivo en suero, positividad de ANAS y anticuerpos anticardiolipinas igG, LCR con VDRL reactivo, se diagnostica neuritis óptica por neurosifilis en presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolipidos, iniciando tratamiento con penicilina cristalina 24 000 000 de unidades día por 14 días. En pacientes con signos de inflamación ocular debe realizarse VDR, confirmarse con prueba treponemica, y realizar punción lumbar, el tratamiento precoz se asocia a mejora de desenlaces visuales