bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinematics Analysis of Basket with Full Turn to Handstand of Chenglong Zhang on Parallel Bars
Authors: Xu Da Xue , Zhou Ji He , Kang Jian Ping
Published: June 2014

The parallel bars is one of the advantage projects of the Chinese men's gymnastics teams. The basket with full turn to handstand on parallel bars belongs to the high F group action, which is an important mean to obtain a higher difficult point, and requires a higher technology. We shot Zhang Chenglong’s (who won the champion in 2012 China Gymnastics Championship) action. The kinematics rule and technique characteristics revealed by the analysis of the action provided reference for the training of coaches and athletes.
Electrochemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide for Synthesis Dimethyl Carbonate in Ionic Liquid BMimBr
Authors: Yuan Dan Dan , Yuan Bin Bin , Song Hua , Niu Rui Xia , Liu Yan Xiu
Published: June 2014

In the one compartment electrochemical cell equipped with platinum electrodes electrochemical fixation carbon dioxide was conducted under ambient conditions. Ionic liquid BMimBr is supporting electrolyte. The aimed product dimethyl carbonate was electrosynthesized in a dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids-propylene oxide-methanol system under normal temperature and pressure. The result indicated that the highest yield of 37.8 % was obtained in the condition of working temperature 30 °C, electrolytic voltage 5.5 V, the mass of CH3OH 0.484 mol, propylene oxide 0.052 mol and bmimBr 0.059 mol.
Chemical Exchange Reactions in Blends of the Biodegradable Polyester with poly(hydroxy ether of bisphenol-A)
Authors: Su Chean Cheng , Chen Chern Hwa , Shih Neng Lang , Li Yin Shuo
Published: June 2014

Compatibilization via transreactions in blends of poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene terephthalate) [P(BS-co-BT)] with poly (hydroxy ether of bisphenol-A) (phenoxy) were investigated. Analyses were based on characterization using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). They revealed that the P(BS-co-BT)/phenoxy blend had a phase morphology that could be homogenized only following annealing at high temperatures. As-blended P(BS-co-BT)/phenoxy (50/50 composition) exhibited immiscible phases with two distinct Tgs, but the initially phase separated blends finally merged to form a homogeneous phase with a single Tg upon heating and annealing for 60 min at 280 °C. Chemical exchange reactions upon heat-annealing were likely to have caused the phase homogenization in the P(BS-co-BT)/phenoxy blend. NMR was performed on blend samples before and after they were heated to 280 °C, but the similarity of bonds made obtaining straight results difficult. Results of this study demonstrate phase homogenization can be brought only upon heat-annealing in the P(BS-co-BT)/phenoxy blend.
The Progress of Catalyst for Cyclohexane Dehydrogenation Processes
Authors: Guo Jia Neng , Lin Jin Zhi , Liu Xin , Wang Qi Wei , Gao Ge , Zhang Xiang , Shi Xin Ge , Yang Bei , Jin Hai Bo
Published: June 2014

Cyclohexane dehydrogenation is an important process in the petrochemical industry, chemical raw material such as cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone,benzene and cyclohexene can be produced from which.Divided cyclohexane dehydrogenation into catalytic dehydrogenation or oxidative dehydrogenation, homogeneous or heterogeneous reaction. Summarized vary catalysts, active constituent and process conditions in dehydrogenation process.
Corrosion Rates and Mechanical Properties of Rebar HRB400
Authors: Li Ping
Published: June 2014

The corrosion rates of rebar HRB400 in 0.5 wt.% NaCl solution were measured, and the mechanical properties before and after corrosion were tested. The results showed that, with the increase of corrosion time, the corrosion rate of rebar HRB400 increases and the corrosion becomes heavier. Meanwhile, the yield strength and tensile strength decrease, but the elongation decreases at first and then increases.
Increase of Energy Efficiency of the Building of Kindergarten
Authors: Vatin Nikolay , Nemova Darya Viktorovna , Kazimirova Alexandra Sergeevna , Gureev Kirill Nikolaevich
Published: June 2014

In article the structural analysis of power consumption of the building of kindergarten is carried out, on the basis of the analysis of actual data of heatconsumption and the carried-out tool energy audit the data, allowing to estimate a condition of systems of heating, power supply, water supply are obtained. Actions for energy efficiency increase are offered. It is shown need and economic feasibility of performance of the organizational and technical actions offered to realization on economy of thermal and electric energy.
Experimental Investigation of Active Solar Dryer for Drying of Chili
Authors: Keawsuntia Yuttachai
Published: June 2014

This research paper presents the experimental results of drying of chili by using the active solar dryer and sun drying because of chili is a commercial agricultural product of Thailand. The active solar dryer consisted of a solar collector, a drying chamber and a chimney. The small fans were installed in the solar collector of active solar dryer to provide the air flow circulated in the solar collector and a drying chamber. Drying of chili of 20 kg from moisture content 84 percent wet basis to 10 percent wet basis following the Thai Agricultural Standard (TAS 3001-2010) showed that the use of the active solar dryer to make the drying time reduced about 28.7 percent compared with sun drying because of the hot air temperature inside the drying chamber higher than the ambient temperature about 10 to 15 . The quality of dried chili from the active solar dryer better than dried chili from sun drying.
The Buckling Optimization on Composite Beam with Hat Stiffener
Authors: Qiu Jia Bo , Zhu Xi
Published: June 2014

The paper carried out the buckling optimization on composite beam with hat stiffener by taking ply angle as optimal variables and the critical buckling load (CBL) as the optimal objective. Firstly, the paper established the mathematical optimization model, and then carried out sensitivity analysis of ply angle through Optimal Latin Hypercube Design, finally optimized the design of the layer using Genetic Algorithm. The results show that the CBL of stiffened beam with the optimized ply angle is increased by 64% than that with initial ply angle; CBL can be increased by changing the ply angle, the sheet should adopt the 0° or 90° layer, while the surface and center of stiffener should adopt ±45° layer and the rest should be 0° or 90°.
Analyzing the Wind Power Industry of China Based on SWOT
Authors: Li Jin Ying , Zhang Hao
Published: June 2014

Due to the energy supply and demand imbalance and unreasonable energy consumption structure, China should vigorously develop renewable energy. Wind power is important choice. In the past decade, the China wind power industry has developed rapidly. By 2012, the total installed capacity of wind power in China is 75324.2MW. China has become the largest installer of wind power capacity in the world. However, the wind power in also facing many problems. In this paper, analyzes wind power industry’s internal and external environments to identify opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses. Finally, put forward an appropriate strategy to promote the healthy and orderly development of the wind power industry.
Rocking Conversion System Based on Wave Energy for Unmanned Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Deng Fei , Wang Ke Yan , Ding Wen Jun
Published: June 2014

Aiming at the navigation purpose of long time and large distance of UUV( unmanned underwater vehicle), and dealing with the energy demand of UUV for long continuous work, on the basis of analysis and comparison of existing wave energy converters at home and aboard, a rocking energy generation device based on the wave energy is proposed. The equations of motion for the vehicle and the rocking pendulum are established according to Lagrange method. Finally, the factors affecting the rocking generation performance are analyzed by solving the simplified equation of motion according to the Runge-Kutta method. The influence of parameters on the rocking generation is investigated over a range of sea state. Research and analysis show that the proposed wave energy rocking generation device model is reasonable and feasible, and provide a theoretical basis and reference for the development, the engineering test and the optimization of the rocking generator.
Hybrid Energy Storage System for GSHP Black Start
Authors: Gao Zhi Qiang , Xie Zhi Jia , Fan Hui , Meng Liang
Published: June 2014

This document researchs on 55kW GSHP black start based on 250kW/250kWh battery system and 50kW/10s super capacitor. The modeling methods of asynchronous motor, battery system, super capacitor and PCS are given. According to three black start conditions: direct start, star delta start and frequency conversion start, simulates and analyses the results. During black start, the max AC bus voltage drop reaches 60%, and hybrid energy storage system is able to effectively inhibit the inrush current.
The State of Charge Estimation of Lithium Battery in Electric Vehicle Based on Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Sun Huan Huan , Bi Jun , Shao Sai
Published: June 2014

Accurate estimation of battery state of charge (SOC) is important to ensure operation of electric vehicle. Since a nonlinear feature exists in battery system and extended kalman filter algorithm performs well in solving nonlinear problems, the paper proposes an EKF-based method for estimating SOC. In order to obtain the accurate estimation of SOC, this paper is based on composite battery model that is a combination of three battery models. The parameters are identified using the least square method. Then a state equation and an output equation are identified. All experimental data are collected from operating EV in Beijing. The results of the experiment show  that the relative error of estimation of state of charge is reasonable, which proves this method has good estimation performance.
Continuous Hydrogen Production in a Novel Photo-Bioreactor with High Light Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Cui Qing Fen , Jin Ya Ruo , Ma Chao , Wu Yi Ning
Published: June 2014

A novel disk photo-bioreactor was employed to produce hydrogen continuously by Rhodopseudomonas faecalis RLD-53. The ability of hydrogen production was investigated in different feeding times and HRTs. The maximum total hydrogen yield in the photo-bioreactor reached 2.68 mol H2/mol acetate at 48h HRT and 4d feeding time. Experimental results indicated that feeding times and HRTs are two key factors determined biomass in the photo-bioreactor and hydrogen production capacity. Moreover, the photo-fermentation hydrogen production is strongly dependent on light energy supply, the light conversion efficiency of the novel photo-bioreactor was 1.6%, it is higher than that that of most of reported photobioreactors. Therefore, these results demonstrated that the disk photo-bioreactor was a useful and efficient reactor in entire continuous hydrogen production.
Hydrogenation Kinetics of N-Ethylcarbaozle as a Heteroaromatic Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier
Authors: Yang Ming , Dong Yuan , Cheng Han Song
Published: June 2014

The catalytic hydrogenation kinetics of N-ethylcarbazole over 5 wt% Ru/Al2O3 was investigated at various temperatures. The results shows that the hydrogenation reaction was exothermic and high temperature is unfavorable for the reaction rate. Fully hydrogenation was achieved within 1 hour under the best reaction temperature of 170 °C. The kinetics of N-ethylcarbazole follows the first-order kinetics in terms of the reactant concentration but independent of hydrogen pressure, which was maintained as a constant in the reaction process. The apparent activation energy of N-ethylcarbazole hydrogenation reaction at 150-180 °C was found to be 71.2 kJ/mol.
Effects of Livestock Farms on Heavy Metal Pollution in Farmland Soils
Authors: Du Lian Sheng , Wang Yang , Wang Ji Hong , Liu Qiang , Zhang Jing Jing , Sun Cai Yun , Liu Jing Shuang
Published: June 2014

The farmland soils around three typical livestock farms in Jilin province were studied to elucidate the impact of farms on heavy metal pollution in surrounding farmland soils. The results showed that the average content of Cd was maximal in the soils around cattle farm (0.29 mg kg-1); the average value of Pb was highest in the soils around the pig farm; and Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr were all highest in the soils around the chicken farm. The distribution of heavy metals in the soils around different livestock farms varied greatly. The contents of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr decreased in the same order: chicken farm> pig farm > cattle farm, but Pb was pig farm> chicken farm> cattle farm, and Cd was cattle farm> pig farm> chicken farm. These results indicated that the livestock farms did not cause significant heavy metal pollution in its surrounding agricultural soils, but the accumulation of heavy metals caused by farms should arouse the attention.
The Research Progress of Heavy Metals in PM2.5
Authors: Shi Li Na , Xu Xun , Dou Xiao Yan , Zhao Xu Dong
Published: June 2014

PM2.5 is one of the most important components in air pollution. It is also the focus of the most closely watched at home and abroad. Based on its small size, complex components, and strongenvironmental activity, it can be used as a carrier for chemicals, heavy metals, bacteria, toxins and carcinogens into the body. Then, as a result, it will affect Human Body Health. Heavy metals are important components of PM2.5, and the long-term accumulation of heavy metals in PM2.5 poses a great threat on human health and the environment. This paper reviewed the sources, distribution methods,chemical form, detection methods, disposal way, research progress of heavy metals in PM2.5. As a result, it provided a reference for in-depth study on the future.
The Countermeasures for Protecting the Natural Environment and Eco-System of Inner Mongolia Prairie
Authors: Yang Bi Li Ge , Li Hong Min , Yang Xin Ji Le Tu
Published: June 2014

Inner Mongolia Prairie is a natural ecological barrier in the northern China, and is also one of the major bases for animal husbandry in China. However, in recent years, the degradation and desertification of Inner Mongolia prairie has become a major environmental challenge, and the prairie ecological system has faced various threats from the economic activities of mankind. This article starts with analyzing the current situation of prairie environment and eco-system, traces the reasons of the deterioration of the prairie ecology, and put forward some countermeasures against degradation of the eco-system.
The Social Psychology Research on the Motivation of the Public’s Pro-Environmental Behavior
Authors: Liu Min Lan
Published: June 2014

in recent years, social psychology plays an increasingly important role in the solution to environmental problems. In order to motivate people’s pro-environmental behavior, this paper, from the perspective of social psychology, puts forward the following ideas: helping the public possess the cognition of the seriousness of environmental problems and the cognition of the attribution of responsibility for environmental protection can encourage them to develop the right cognition of environmental problems; improving the public’s efficacy expectations and outcome expectations can strengthen their desire and attitude to environmental protection; changing the evaluation of social norms and cultivating the public’s skills of environmental protection can motivate people’s pro-environmental behavior.
Environmental Analysis of Pure Electric Vehicle Battery Recycling and Utilization
Authors: Qiao Fei , Lei Li
Published: June 2014

Car brings convenience to people's work and life, however, there are too many environmental issues such as energy shortages, atmospheric pollution and greenhouse effect have been caused by using a lot of traditional fuel cars, which threaten mankind survival. Pure electric vehicle (PEV) has its unique advantage for high efficiency, low noise, less environmental pollution and can use alternative energy sources, therefore, PEV has achieved rapid development with governments and automobile manufacturers support. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are considered to be the best choice of power batteries for electric vehicles due to their high energy density, high working voltage, long cycle life and low self-discharge rate. With the production, use and scrap of Li-ion battery, the recycling and the utilization of Li-ion will become the focus of attention.
Research Progress of Scale Inhibition Mechanism
Authors: Liu Li Xiu , He Ai Jiang
Published: June 2014

Scale inhibitor is a medicament which has the properties of dispersing insoluble inorganic salt in water, and preventing or obstructing sediment and scaling of insoluble inorganic salt on metal surface. Research on the mechanism of scale inhibition can promote using and developing scale inhibitors. In this paper, the traditional macroscopic mechanism of scale inhibition was firstly analyzed, and it was also emphasized to introduce the research progress of quantization simulation technique on the mechanism of scale inhibition, and it was also suggested to combine the microstructure of scale crystal with quantization simulation technique to have a further study on the mechanism of scale inhibition.
Manufacture of the Glass-Ceramics from the Lead-Zinc Tailings by Sintering
Authors: Ou Xue Lian , Guo Yan Ping , Zhong Gao Hui , Li Bao Qing , Chen Ying , Cao Xi Ping
Published: June 2014

The glass-ceramics of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system were prepared by sintering using lead-zinc tailings. Orthogonal experiment was carried out to optimize the ratio of lead-zinc tailings, chemical composition of basic-glass and other chemical materials in the system. Crystallization heat treatment conditions were confirmed by the differential thermal analysis (DTA) curve of glass aggregate. Crystalline phase, crystal morphology and mechanical property of the glass-ceramics samples were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), hardness and bending strength test. The results indicated that the optimized ratio of the samples was lead-zinc tailings 25%, quartz 46.63%, calcite 21.05%, Al2O3 10.19% and nucleating agent TiO2 1%. The optimized crystallization heat treatment was that basic glass was first heated to 800 °C at 10 °C/min, then 800°C-900 °C at 5 °C/min and held still at 900 °C for 2 h. After that, the basic glass was heated to 1230 °C at 1-1.5 °C/min,held for 1h. At last, the glass-ceramics was obtained after the cooling-down of the system. The main crystalline phase of microcrystal glass-ceramics are diopside. The hardness and bending strength were 9.14 GPa and 213.6 MPa, respectively. The glass-ceramics had excellent chemical durability in acid and alkali solution, with weight losses of 0.17% and 0.68%, respectively.
Application of Multiple Environmental Flow Methods to Optimize Cascade Dams Operation in the Lower Jinsha River
Authors: Yin Zheng Jie , Chen Jin , Xu Ji Jun
Published: June 2014

To mitigate possible negative impacts of cascade dams in the Lower Jinsha River and maintain the natural flow regime of national natural reserve areas of rare and special fishes of the upper Yangtze River, environmental flow (e-flow) demands need to be considered in the cascade dams operation. Due to lack of regular ecological observation data, multiple hydrology-based e-flow methods including Tennant, minimum monthly flow, 7Q10 and Q90 are applied to provide specific e-flow prescripts to guide the reservoir release. A joint operation optimization model is developed for the cascade dams in the Lower Jinsha River for maximal hydropower generation under various e-flow constraints. The economic and ecological performances of cascade dams operation are evaluated by total hydropower outputs and hydrological alteration degree of downstream river individually. The operation results are analyzed and discussed, and some questions on the tradeoff relationship between ecology and hydropower generation, inherent relationship between ecological constrains and hydrological alteration, and rationality criteria of e-flow are further addressed. The conclusions indicate : (1) optimal operation for ecological considerations under e-flow constrains only reduce hydropower outputs slightly, no more than 2.4%; (2) e-flow constrains help lower hydrological alteration induced by hydropower dams, among the four e-flow methodologies Tennant is best in term of ecology; (3) there is a limitation for hydrology-based e-flow methodologies, and it is necessary to stress ecological foundation and ecological relevance for e-flow methodology. The paper will provide technical references for future ecological re-operation of the cascade dams.
Study of Thermal Water Resources in Sri Lanka Using Time Domain Electromagnetics (TDEM)
Authors: Subasinghe Nalaka Deepal , Nimalsiri Thusitha Bandara , Suriyaarachchi Nuwan Buddhika , Hobbs Bruce , Fonseka Morrel , Dissanayake Chandra
Published: June 2014

Thermal springs can be utilized as an environmental friendly source of renewable energy, as well as for other purposes. Time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) method is used as an accessory tool in geothermal exploration to investigate the local heterogeneities in geology. The study consists of two of the thermal springs in Sri Lanka, Wahawa and Mahaoya, both in the same crustal unit. Major structural discontinuities of the area vary between two peculiar fracture sets striking ENE and NW. Close relationships between these individual springs have been witnessed by their approximate major cation chemistries, which provoke the idea of geochemical provinces. Survey reveals the pathways of the heated water to the surface, at Wahawa, although the path is not clear at Mahaoya. Near surface resistivity diagrams can be used only to interpret the immediate depths of the springs. The expected structural relationships may be identified with a grid of TDEM soundings encompassing both the spring systems.
The Research Progress of Water-Saving Irrigation in China since 2000
Authors: Liu Ying , Yu Xiao , He Yan , Long Xun Jian
Published: June 2014

It is known that, in our country, the current situation of water for farmland irrigation is low utilization, lack of management and a large number of serious water wastes. Therefore, the development of agricultural water-saving irrigation technology has become a top priority. According to the statistics survey of National Water Resources Development Ministry which published by Water Resources Bulletin, from 2000 to 2012, this paper analyzes the Chinese investment trend on water-saving irrigation, as well as the changeable situation of effective irrigation area. The results show that, during statistical periods, our country has paid attention to irrigation work and increased emphasis policy on agriculture. On this occasion, the irrigation investment increased 6 times and the promotion area increased by 14%. We can even draw a conclusion that China has promoted the development of agricultural water conservation work effectively. Moreover, in view of the existing multiple saving irrigation methods, this manuscript also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages in practical application, respectively. Putting forward the simulative suggestions to promote the water-saving irrigation technology and equipment provides a theoretical basis for future water-saving irrigation.
The Study on the Effect on Seawater Desalination and Boron Removal by Ro-EDI Desalination System
Authors: Hu Zhao Ji , Hu Yi Liang , Ouyang Er Ming , Feng Fei
Published: June 2014

A hybrid process coupling reverse osmosis (RO) with electrodeionization (EDI) was investigated to remove TDS and boron from simulated seawater in this study. The effects of applied total dissolved solids (TDS) and the concentration of boron in the feed water on product water quality were investigated. According to the results obtained, the TDS of the product water increased when a high applied TDS in the feed water; however, all of the TDS of the product were complying with relevant standards within experimental parameters. When the boron concentration was below 5.64mg/L in the feed water, the boron concentration of the product water was complying with relevant standards.
The Influence of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Acidification
Authors: Lin Han , Jing Cheng Ming , Wang Ji Hong
Published: June 2014

Based on the long-term experimental field of Jilin Agricultural University as a platform. Aiming at groping for the influence of long-term fertilized of the acidity changes on soil in research area. The results show that: compared with CK group. The soil pH declined as a result of applying nitrogenous fertilizer chronically. Instead the content of exchangeable acid, exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum increased. The content of soil organic matters reduced with the decrease of soil pH application of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer could achieve the same objective. But the Influence was not as significant as the one fertilized with N.
Water Quality Evaluation for Tributaries of Danjiangkou Reservoir with Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Xin Xiao Kang , Yin Wei , Jia Hai Yan
Published: June 2014

To reflect the water quality status of Danjiangkou reservoir tributaries, identify the main pollution factors, and compare pollution degree between tributaries. Principal component analysis (PCA) method is used to assess and explicate research task with annual mean values for 11 main water quality indicators of 16 priority tributaries measured in 2013. The results show that: The main pollution factors of Danjiangkou reservoir are oxygen-consuming pollutants and heavy metal, and the former is the dominant one. Shending, Sihe, Jianghe, Jianhe and Danjiang are heavily-polluted tributaries while Duhe, Jiangjun, Taogou, Hanjiang and Taohe are lightly-polluted tributaries.
Study on the Effects of Biogas Slurry Application on Soil Phosphate and Catalase Activity
Authors: Pu Shi Hua , Huang Ping , Liu Wen , Yang Song Quan
Published: June 2014

To discuss the relationship between the effect on soil improvement, soil phosphatase activity and catalase activity by applying biogas slurry, the soil was applied on biogas slurry and pig manure respectively which was from demonstration base of ecological mulberry field at Rongchang, the soil enzymes and nutrients factor were determined and analyzed at different times. The results show that biogas slurry and pig manure can increase the content of soil organic matter, TN, TP, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, and improve the activity of soil enzymes. It can significantly improve the activity of acid phosphatase by applying biogas slurry, and have certain effect on alkaline and neutral phosphatase activity; it can effectively improve the soil catalase activity for long-term using.
Evolvement and Comparative Analysis of Population Gravity Center and Economic Gravity Center in Qinhuangdao City Based on GIS
Authors: Wu Yu Hong
Published: June 2014

Taking the conception and model of the regional gravity center and adopting the population and economic data of every county or district in Qinhuangdao city from 2000 to 2012, this paper calculated the population gavity center and the GDP gravity center yearly, and maked the space evolution map of the population gravity center and the GDP gravity center based on ArcGIS 10.0 software. The results show that the population gravity center and the GDP gravity center both are located in the southeast of the geometric center from 2000 to 2012. The population gravity center slowly moves to northeast, while the GDP gravity center moves to northwest. This indicates that the distribution of population and economy is disequilibrium, and the imbalance is biger in the east-west direction than south-north direction. The offset distances of the GDP gravity center relative to the population gravity center decrease both in longitude and latitude during the 2000-2012 time period, which indicates that the economic development of Qinhuangdao city is gradually moving towards balanced development.
Affecting Factors Related to Air Pollution on Elderly Respiratory Health during Heating Period
Authors: Zhao Chun Shan , Xu Min , Li Chun Guo
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study is to investigate the status in elderly respiratory illness and the impact of air pollution on elderly respiratory health in Jilin during the heating period. A stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 536 elderly living in different districts with different degrees of atmospheric pollution in Jilin as the research objects. The survey on the respiratory diseases and symptoms was conducted with face-to-face retrospective questionnaire survey method, and the data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that in the heating season in 2012, the major respiratory diseases in elderly of the three districts in Jilin City were acute upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis and asthma, and the major respiratory symptoms were cough, sputum, wheezing; the severe level order of respiratory diseases and symptoms was inturn Longtan District (an industrial area) > Changyi District (a living area) > Fengman District (a tourist area), and differences in them were statistically significant (P <0.05); residence, opening window for ventilation and smoking were the factors affecting respiratory diseases and symptoms in the elderly. The study indicates that air pollution during the heating period is directly correlated with the elderly respiratory health and the incidence of respiratory diseases should be reduced by changing the heating energy materials, giving up smoking, ventilation and other measures to improve air quality.
Accounting the Second Derivatives in the Power Flow Calculation
Authors: Sergey Yuferev
Published: June 2014

In this paper, it is show how the second derivatives of the Hessian matrix influence on the convergence of the power flow calculation. Convergence conditions of the Combined Newton’s method using 14 nodes IEEE testing schemes are investigated. The method can be used to determine the control actions to pull the operating point into the feasibility domain.
Influence Assessment of UHV Project on Jiangxi Power Grid
Authors: Su Yong Chun , Chang Kai Xuan
Published: June 2014

In order to face the challenge of our economy and the environment, it is needed to speed up the energy structure transition and UItra High voltage (UHV) transmission has become an inevitable choice. Researches on the influence of UHV project to Jiangxi power grid are carried out in this paper. Using advanced digital power system simulator (ADPSS), the real-time simulation model of Jiangxi power grid is build up including the UHV project. Based on the simulation model, the problem of low frequency oscillation in Jiangxi power system is studied after the UHV power transmission project accessed. The influence of the UHV transmission line faults on system stability of Jiangxi grid is also researched.
Orthogonal Transformation State Estimation Based on Generalized Tellegen’s Theorem
Authors: Lin Gui Hua , Wang Tao , Wang Yu Ying , Cui Mei Ying , Guo Ting
Published: June 2014

One of the most important ways to enhance the speed of state estimation is to establish the constant matrix Jacobian. This essay puts forward a new type of orthogonal transformation state estimation method based on Generalized Tellegen's theorem. This paper uses orthogonal transformation method to improve state estimation’s numerical stability, and makes the algorithm enjoy an ideal convergence. Moreover, it has strong compatibility of various distribution measurements. The method put forward in this essay has been verified through IEEE-30 Node System, and the efficiency of it has been fully proved by the example results.
A New Evaluation System Method for Small Current Grounding Line Selection Device
Authors: Zhou Jin Long , Lu Jin Ling , Xu Chao
Published: June 2014

Abstract: The evaluation of small current grounding line selection device plays an important guiding part in fault diagnosis and device promotion. But the current methods focus on the evaluation of individual indicator and can not form systematic evaluation of the programs.This paper firstly makes use of AHP method to evaluate small current grounding line selection device, and establishes the evaluation system of small current grounding line selection device. During the weight solution process, this paper uses three scale method to determine the comprehensive weight of individual indicator, and achieves a combination of expertise and quantitative, qualitative assessment of the results. The practical case analysis of small current grounding line selection device proves the validity and practicability of this method, which is of great theoretical and practical significance.
Research on Intelligent Building Power Monitoring System Based on the ZigBee and GPRS
Authors: Zhang Liang , Sun Xiao Lu , Qi Ai Hua
Published: June 2014

With the improvement of living standards, people want to have a comfortable, convenient, safe working and living environment. In this context, the traditional architectural forms has been unable to meet the basic needs of the people. Therefore, in recent years, the intelligent building has been rapid development in our country.In the intelligent building, electrical equipment occupies a very important position. For reliability and safety considerations, the power requirements of various equipment in intelligent building is very high.This paper designs a kind of intelligent building power monitoring system based on Internet of things. This system treating embedded hardware as the core, basing on ZigBee wireless communication technology for signal transmission, using GPRS communication technology to remote monitoring system, achieved the control of a variety of equipment in the power system in the intelligent building of local . The test result shows that this system runs stably, and has practical application value.
Study on Electrical Characteristics of Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters in Medium Voltage Power System
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Kun , He Li Mei
Published: June 2014

The index system for electrical characteristics of metal-oxide surge arresters is proposed and established, which is based on rated voltage (Ur), continuous operating voltage (Uc), nominal discharge current (In), overvoltage protection and insulation coordination including lightning overvoltage protection level, operating overvoltage protection level and coordination coefficient (Ks). The study considers both selection and application of overvoltage protection devices for the electrical equipments in 3-35kV medium voltage power system, and comparatively calculates and analyzes the main parameters between two types metal-oxide surge arresters (without gaps and containing series gapped structures), and illustrates their technical features and puts forward suggestions on how to improve the effective utilization. The results of 10kV power distribution system are simulated to show that the conclusions are feasible and available in the practical engineering application.
Influence of Si Content on Microstructure and Erosion Properties of Al-Based Alloy
Authors: Wang Xiao Ming , Zhu Sheng , Cui Jian Zhong , Chang Qing , Zhu Qing Feng
Published: June 2014

In order to develop new protective materials for magnesium alloy, Al-based alloys with different Si-content were fabricated by copper mold casting. Microstructure, erosion properties of the ingot samples were characterized or tested by using spectrum analysis, optical imcroscope, salt testing machine etc, respectively. The results indicated that the microstructure of Al-1.9Si-1.32Mg-0.40Mn was mostly dendritic crystal. That of Al-13Si consisted of α-Al, flaky eutectic silicon and primary crystal silicon. That of Al-18Si-0.01%P was consistent of a large proporation of primary crystal silicon phase, a part of eutectic silicon phase and a little of α-Al phase. With Si-content increasing, anti-corrosion properties of Al-based alloy gradually improved, which could provide theoretical principle to determine chemical elements of protective materials for magnesium alloy.
Study on Parrifine Removal Additive of High Wax Crude Oil
Authors: Zhang Hong
Published: June 2014

The consist property analysis of Shenbei and simulation high wax crude oil was carried on in the paper. The result showed the key factor of temperature lies in the wax crystal forming and growing. only when the heating temperature is high, the wax can be fully dissolved in crude oil drop dispersed, glial, asphaltene can be fully dissolved, agent and in crude oil.
Research of Power Flow Distribution Evenness Based on Entropy
Authors: Jin Bing Jie , Zhang Bu Han , Wang Ke , Deng Wei Si , Zeng Dan , Zhang Kai Min , Shao Jian , Ge Teng Yu
Published: June 2014

Research of power flow evenness has great significance for grid steady state analysis. This paper researched for a method for power flow evenness analysis through entropy theory. According to current power flow distribution and branch power limits, the branch load ratio distribution could be obtained, and the power flow entropy was calculated based on discrete information entropy theory. The study case indicates that the power flow entropy effectively describes the power flow evenness. With certain system load level, the system security level will be dramatically declined when power flow evenness reduces to a certain level, which is demonstrated in the case meanwhile. Power flow evenness analysis based on entropy theory is applicable in power system static security assessment.
Research on Dynamic Stability Improvement by Using STATCOM in Power System
Authors: Li Si Yu , Huang Jia Dong , Ma Cui
Published: June 2014

Nowadays, unbalanced loads or nonlinear loads produce a bad effect on the power quality of utility mains. Also, it is necessary for reactive power to be compensated because the most of industrial loads is inductive and make a lagging displacement power factor. Reactive power compensation utilizing STATCOM is one of the most important methods to improve power quality. In this paper, the technical feature of STATCOM is introduced and then a comparison with SVC is made. The effect of STATCOM on static voltage stability in power systems has been studied. Based on PSD-BPA software, effect of STATCOM is determined. Static voltage stability margin enhancement using STATCOM and SVC is compared in the modified IEEE 14-bus test system. Test results show very encouraging result.
A Gas-Turbine with Approximate General Carnot Cycle and Its Performance Prediction
Authors: Li Zhong , Zhang Da Long , Li Jian Feng , Yang Ding Hua , Qin Wen Jun , Yang Gen Sheng , Wang Xiao Lin
Published: June 2014

Based on polytrophic process of air compression and gas combustion inside the turbine isothermally, an approximate gas-turbine with General Carnot cycle and relevant implementing schemes are suggested. Its performance was predicted with mathematics model compared with traditional one. The results show that the heat efficiency of the suggested gas turbine is higher than the traditional one. The suggested cycle combines the gas cycle and steam cycle, of which the NOx emission can be easily decreased
A Double Exponential Function Fitting Algorithm for Optimize Parameter of μH Curve
Authors: Du Jiao , Song Meng , Hu Nan Nan , Cao Kun Nan , Huang Wen Tao , Xu Peng , Li Yi Yang
Published: June 2014

Saturable magnetic circuit is a common phenomenon in power system. It can lead to waveform distortion, coefficient of self-inductance decrease and measurement error increase. So establishing a mathematical model for saturable magnetic circuit and revealing the mathematical relationships in saturable phenomenon. It is helpful to reliable and safe operation of power system. This paper base on double expontential function fitting algorithm and simplex algorithm to establish the function relationship between relative permeability and magnetic field intensity. Applying for the model,we can obtain the waveform of magnetic flux in transformer core and transformer voltage waveform. The research has certain significance in the abstract and foreground in the application for the study of saturable phenomenon.
Simulation of the Speed-Sensorless Vector Control System Based on MRAS
Authors: Zhou Shen , Chen Wen Yan
Published: June 2014

Aimed at the problem of speed identification for the asynthetic motor speed-less sensor vector control system, based on basic equations of vector control and centered by the current model and voltage model of rotor flux linkage, after the establishment of the rotor speed identification module by module reference self-adaptation theory (MRAS), this paper builds the MRAS speed-less sensor vector control system and establishes the system simulation model in Simulink software environment. Simulation results show that: the system has good dynamic and static characteristics and stability. Key words: speed-less sensor; vector control; MRAS; simulation CLC: TM343.2 Document Code:A
Study of Vehicle Power Supply with AC and DC Mixed Output
Authors: Yang Xing Wu , Ji Hong Chao , Gan Wei
Published: June 2014

The paper proposes a AC and DC mixed output VPS(vehicle power supply). It is composed of a two-stage circuit with the input stage and the output stage. The input stage contains a single-phase PWM inverter, a HFT (high-frequency transformer) and an uncontrolled rectifier. The single-phase PWM inverter adopts the open-loop control strategy to convert the low DC voltage into a high-frequency one with square wave. The HFT enhances the voltage and insulates the low-voltage side from the high-voltage side. The uncontrolled rectifier transforms the square voltage into DC voltage. In the output stage, one output uses single-phase PWM inverter and the other uses a DC chopper, both of which adopt the double-loop PWM control mode. The mode consists of an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop to produce desirable voltage and power. With the two-stage control strategy, ideal output currents and the output voltages are obtained, and the input power factor is controllable. The VPS model is established on MATLAB/SIMULINK, and this system is also implemented in laboratory based on DSP TMS320F28335. The results of simulation and experiment verify the proposed VPS system.
Speed Regulation Analysis of a Magnetic Gear Integrated Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Finite Element Method Coupled with Vector Control
Authors: Xu Xiao Qin , Ding Qing Qing , Ji Jing Hua
Published: June 2014

This paper describes the speed regulation of a magnetic gear integrated permanent magnet synchronous motor. The operating principle of the motor is discussed and the torque transmission is analyzed using finite element method; hence the motor model is established. The speed regulation is analyzed under vector control, and the simulated results verify the feasibility of speed regulation control.
Analysis of Sub-Synchronous Oscillation (SSO) Caused by HVDC Transmission System
Authors: Song Yang Cheng Xiang , Luo Jun , Yao Shu Jun
Published: June 2014

Sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) caused by highly non-linear HVDC devices can lead to shaft failure and electrical instability of a turbo-generator at oscillation frequency lower than power grid frequency. With increasing HVDC installed in power systems, analysis of SSO becomes a great concern of electrical engineers. In this paper, the reason and process of the SSO are presented by analyzing equations of the mass-springs model. Research methods of SSO are reviewed in HVDC system. And advantages of digital time-domain simulation are demonstrated through combining with algorithm of Prony.
Research on Fuzzy PI Compensating Current Control of Three Level Active Power Filter
Authors: Peng Yan Qing , Li Jia , Zhang Ji , Zhang Da Min , Deng Hu
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a new method which combines the fuzzy theory with the traditional PI control to obtain the accurate tracking of the compensating current of the active power filter (APF) in full frequency range. Online adjustment of the parameters of the controller is realized by using fuzzy reasoning and defuzzication, so as to achieve the accurate tracking of the compensating current and thereby improve the capabilities of the APF to suppress the harmonics effectively. Simulation analysis and experiment results verify the effectiveness of the presented method.
Study on Buck-Boost Integrated Type Three-Port Converter
Authors: Shao Zhu Lei
Published: June 2014

Aiming at simplifying the structure of power supply system of new energy, a buck-boost integrated type three-port converter is designed in this paper. The three-port converter can replace three separate converters, which makes the system structure is simplified and manufacturing cost is reduced. The three-port converter realizes the current expansion and ripple suppression by adopting inductor interleaved parallel bridge arm structure. The topology and control strategy of the three-port converter are analyzed in this paper. From the experimental results, the inductor current ripple and realization of soft switch meet the design requirement. The buck-boost integrated type three-port converter is applicable to the new energy power supply system.
Research on Classification Performance of Circuit Breaker Vibration Signal Based on Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Analysis
Authors: Li Bin , Li Shuang , Lu Xu Chen
Published: June 2014

With permanent magnetic actuator monostable circuit breaker as the research object, it gets three different running status signal data, normal circuit breaker closing state , break-brake spring single loss and Institutions unsmooth Through constructing data acquisition platform. The performance of the three methods of feature extraction is compared, short-time Fourier transform, wavelet packet energy entropy and Hilbert huang transform, through fuzzy c-means clustering analysis algorithm. Through the comparative study, it is concluded that adopt wavelet packet transform method to get the best classify performance of time-frequency entropy vector .
Study on VSC-HVDC Connecting to Passive Network and Its Control Strategies
Authors: Qu Wei Dong , Ren Jian Wen , Liu Xian Chao
Published: June 2014

The mathematical model VSC-HVDC system in dq reference frame is derived.For the VSC-HVDC system of transmitting power to passive network ,a constant DC voltage is used in the rectifier-side;a constant AC voltage controller is used in the inverter-side.Digital simulation models are set up by MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results verify that VSC-HVDC has a independent control of active and passive power,and demonstrates superiority of transmitting active and passive power simultaneously when connecting to passive network.
Protection Scheme for Distribution Network with Distributed Generation
Authors: Xu Chong Xin , Jiao Yan Jun
Published: June 2014

Power generation becomes a main way of using new energy. However, the access of distributed generation(DG) causes the ordinary protection system develop a series of problems. In this paper, the structure of distribution network with DG is introduced firstly.Secondly,it is analysed that the effect that DG brings to distribution network protection, and then a new protection scheme of distribution network with DG is put forward. The segment I, II of direction three-current protection on the line which is at the upstream of DG, and the next line’s segment I, II consists of a simple communication unit. Through the comprehensive judgment of two protections’ action results, fault can be isolated in minimum range quickly and accurately. Finally, the correctness and feasibility of the new protection principle are verified by simulating a 10KV distribution system.