bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El correo electrónico como medio probatorio: su naturaleza de prueba documental a los efectos de los recursos de casación y suplicación
Authors: Martínez Moya Juan
Published: June 2022

La LEC, supletoria de la LRJS, contiene preceptos favorables al concepto amplio de prueba documental. Los avances tecnológicos que permiten que los documentos se presenten a través de soportes electrónicos contribuyen a sostener un concepto amplio de prueba documental. Los correos electrónicos tienen naturaleza de prueba documental. A los efectos de recursos, para que puedan tener eficacia revisoría de los hechos probados de la sentencia, como si se tratase de documentos privados, será necesario valorar si se ha impugnado su autenticidad por la parte a quien perjudique; si ha sido autenticado, en su caso; y si goza de literosuficiencia.

Le droit de la procédure civile (LEC), complémentaire du droit de la procédure du travail (LRJS), contient des préceptes favorables au concept large de preuve documentaire. Les progrès technologiques qui permettent de présenter des documents sur des supports électroniques contribuent à soutenir un concept large de preuve documentaire. Les e-mails sont de la nature des preuves documentaires. Aux fins des recours, afin que les faits prouvés de l´arrêt puissent être examinés efficacement, comme s'il s'agissait de documents privés, il sera nécessaire d'apprécier si leur authenticité a été contestée par la partie à qui elle porte préjudice; s'il a été authentifié; et s'il est un document suffisant, c´est-à dire, d'interprétation clair qui n'a pas besoin d'être comparé par d'autres moyens de preuve.
Rebaja salarial y resolución contractual: un binomio basado en determinar quién resulta perjudicado
Authors: López Cumbre Lourdes
Published: June 2022

Ante una modificación sustancial que supone la rebaja progresiva de la cuantía del salario, el trabajador opta por su rescisión contractual. Sin embargo, el condicionamiento legal de dicha rescisión a la existencia de un perjuicio para el trabajador conduce a la empresa, actuación avalada por esta sentencia, a denegar la rescisión solicitada por el trabajador. Existe una premisa básica para interpretar esta decisión empresarial y su respaldo judicial y es que no toda modificación sustancial conlleva un perjuicio para el trabajador, afirmación con cierto margen de debate.

Faced with a substantial modification that involves a progressive reduction in the amount of the salary, the worker opts for its contractual termination. However, the legal conditioning of said termination to the existence of damage to the worker, leads the company, action endorsed by this ruling, to deny the termination requested by the worker. There is a basic premise to interpret this action and its judicial support, and that is that not every substantial modification entails harm to the employee, an assertion that is open to some debate
Los derechos fundamentales a la intimidad y a la protección de datos personales en la economía digital. Geolocalización de los trabajadores a través de GPS del vehículo de empresa. Despido procedente
Authors: Casas Baamonde María Emilia , Ángel Quiroga Macarena
Published: June 2022

La STS 766/2020, de 15 de septiembre, resuelve el recurso de casación para la unificación de doctrina interpuesto por una trabajadora frente a su empresa. El Tribunal Supremo considera que la geolocalización de los trabajadores a través de un dispositivo GPS instalado en el vehículo de empresa, y cuya existencia es conocida por los trabajadores, no supone vulneración de ninguno de los derechos recogidos en el artículo 18 de la Constitución Española, y puede ser causa de despido si se demuestra que el vehículo ha sido usado para fines no autorizados por la empresa, ajenos a la actividad y a la jornada laboral.

The judgement of the Supreme Court, resolves the appeal for the unification of doctrine filed by a worker in front of her company. The Supreme Court considers that the geolocation of the workers through a GPS device installed in the company vehicle, and whose existence is known by the workers, does not imply a violation of the rights contained in article 18 of The Spanish Constitution, and it can be cause for dismissal if it shows that the vehicle has been used for purposes not authorized by the company, unrelated to the activity and the working day.
The Role of Economic Activities in Enhancing the Acceptance of Lebanese Towards Malaysian Peacekeepers Through Good Governance as Mediator Variable
Authors: Nordin N. N. H. , Wan Husin W. N. , Salleh M. Z. , Harun A. L.
Published: June 2022

This article aims to explore the mediating influence of good governance on the relations between economic activity and Lebanese acceptance of Malaysian peacekeepers. While prior research has studied the relationship between economic activities and local acceptance, relatively few study has been conducted on the mediating impacts of good governance on this relationship, particularly in the Malaysian setting. The data came from 532 Lebanese people in Tebnine and Maarakeh districts. SmartPLS was used to analyse the proposed framework. The findings indicate that good governance mediated the relationship between economic activity and Lebanese acceptance of Malaysian peacekeepers. These findings will help the peacekeepers to assist the local people in increasing the economic output in their country and help reduce the pressure of food resources that are depleted.
¿Predeterminados a creer? La soberanía de Dios, libertad, fe y responsabilidad humana
Authors: Estrada Josué
Published: June 2022

John Carson Lennox, nacido en Irlanda del Norte, es profesor de matemáticas en Oxford y un destacado pensador cristiano. Además de otras credenciales académicas que lo respaldan, sus libros y sus debates con famosísimos ateos (p. ej., Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens o Peter Atkins) lo han convertido en uno de los apologistas cristianos más reconocidos de nuestra época. Su trabajo se ha centrado, a grandes rasgos, en las relaciones entre ciencia, filosofía y teología y, como ya se mencionó, en la defensa de la cosmovisión teísta cristiana. Otros libros traducidos de Lennox: ¿Ha enterrado la ciencia a Dios?, El principio según el Génesis y la ciencia y Disparando contra Dios.
Dede Korkut'taki Begil
Authors: EYÜBOĞLU Dursun Can
Published: June 2022

Dede Korkut Destanları, Türk tarihi, coğrafyası, dili, edebiyatı, kültürü, sanatı ve daha birçok konu hakkında önemli bilgiler içermektedir. Dede Korkut’ta birçok kişi adı geçmektedir. Bunlardan biri Begil’dir. Begil’in adı Dede Korkut Kitabı’nda bir boyda geçmektedir. Dede Korkut’ta önemli bir yere sahip olan Begil tipinde en eskisi tarihin derinliklerine uzanan birçok tarihi-destani-efsanevi-mitolojik tabaka bulunmaktadır. Begil Oğlu Emren’in Boyu’nun eski devirlere uzanan bir en alt tabakası olabilir. Destanda geyiğin ve atın önemli bir yer tutması, destanın geyik kültür ve medeniyetinden atlı kültür ve medeniyetine uzanan, yüzlerce, binlerce yıllık bir geçiş dönemini yansıtan bir alt katmanı olduğunun bir yansıması olabilir. Begil Oğlu Emren’in Boyu’nda, yumuşatılmış olarak anlatılmış, Oğuzlar içerisindeki bir ayaklanmanın, bu dönemdeki bir iç çekişmenin yansımalarının yer aldığı görülmektedir. Hikâyede bir kişinin yönetime karşı başkaldırısı söz konusudur. Semek-i Ayyar Hikâyesi, Dede Korkut Kitabı’ndaki Begil Oğlu Emren’in Boyu ve onun Türkmen varyantındaki karşılığı olan Imra Boyu, aynı tarihi olayın hatırasını taşıyan destanın, farklı tarihlerde, farklı coğrafyalarda tespit edilmiş olan farklı varyantlarıdır. Dede Korkut’taki Begil Oğlu Emren’in Boyu, Türk Dünyası’nın en büyük destanlarından biri olan Köroğlu Destanı’yla ilgilidir. Semek-i Ayyar Hikâyesi, Dede Korkut’taki Begil Oğlu Emren’in Boyu’nun ve aynı zamanda Türk destanları arasında önemli bir yeri olan Köroğlu Destanı’nın tespit edilmiş en eski varyantıdır. Dede Korkut’ta, Begil Oğlu Emren’in Boyu’nun diğer boylardan bir farkı, babaya yapılan vurgudur. Bu boyda babaya da geniş bir şekilde yer verilmiş, hatta baba, hikâyenin başkahramanı olarak işlenmiştir. Bütün bunlar Dede Korkut’taki Begil’in önemini göstermektedir. Bu makalede, Dede Korkut’taki Begil; adı, ailesi, tarihteki, Dede Korkut’taki ve destanlardaki yeri incelenmiştir.
La mujer en la investigación en la sociedad científica. Una aproximación mediante un análisis de producción científica en la semFYC
Authors: Martín Álvarez Remedios , Párraga Martínez Ignacio
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: conocer el grado de feminización de la autoría de los estudios y proyectos de investigación presentados en las reuniones científicas nacionales de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (semFYC).

Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante el análisis de las bases de datos de las comunicaciones de investigación presentadas en los congresos nacionales de la semFYC entre los años 2007 y 2021, así como de los proyectos presentados para las becas de investigación para tesis doctorales. Se recogieron las variables de género, comunidad autónoma, universidad, año de celebración del congreso y áreas temáticas estudiadas.

Resultados: se analizaron 6.057 comunicaciones de investigación, siendo el 66,7% (IC 95%: 65,5-67,8) presentadas por una mujer con primera autora. Las comunidades a las que corresponden el mayor porcentaje de comunicaciones de autoría femenina fueron Cataluña (42%), Andalucía (19%), Madrid (8%), Comunidad Valenciana (5%) y Murcia (5%). Aragón es la que presenta mayor ratio de mujeres/hombres (72%), seguida de Cataluña (69%) y Andalucía (69%). Se analizaron 273 proyectos de tesis doctorales, siendo una investigadora principal en el 72% (IC 95%: 66,7-77,7), y procedente de Cataluña (23,9%), Andalucía (18,9%). Las universidades más representadas son la Autónoma de Barcelona (12,5%), Zaragoza (6,4%) y Valladolid (5,5%), estas dos últimas con la mayor ratio de feminización (100%, 48%, respectivamente).

Conclusiones: la investigación presentada en los eventos de la semFYC está feminizada, siendo reflejo de la feminización de la medicina de familia, y manteniéndose a lo largo del tiempo. Las comunidades autónomas (CC. AA.) con estructuras específicas de investigación para la Atención Primaria (AP) son también las que más contribuyen a dicha feminización.

Palabras clave: género, Atención Primaria, investigación, feminización de la medicina.
Feministisk teori kan utmana medicinsk kunskap
Authors: Malterud Kirsti
Published: June 2022

Feminist theory has achieved a prominent position in gender studies. But questions about aims and domains for utilization of the theories that would be necessary to assess their strength and relevance are often lacking. In this artide, I discuss feminist theory from my own position as a feminist researcher in family medicine. I explore some epistemological foundations of medical theory and practice, focusing the conceptual understanding of facts, objective findings, and knowledge. Drawing on the theorists Donna Haraway and Lorraine Code, I demonstrate how feminists can challenge significant medical questions where gender is on the agenda. I provide some examples of how feminist theory can offer sharper perspectives enabling a new and relevant understanding of hitherto medically unexplained disorders. Finallly, I raise some questions about the relationship between academic rhetoric and political action in gender research at present.
Frånvarande kvinnliga subjekt - en analys av medicinska texter om klimateriet
Authors: Esseveld Johanna , Eldén Sara
Published: June 2022

The artide "Missing female subjects. An analysis of medical texts about menopause" focuses on medical discourses about women and middle age. More concretely, it presents an analysis of artides in Läkartidningen from 1990 through 2001. Läkartidningen is the official journal of the Swedish Medical Association and has a distribution of nearly 30 000 copies. The analysis is based upon three qualitative methods. We begin with a combination of content analysis and narrative analysis - focusing on what is being said and how it is being said - and continue with discourse analysis - focusing on what is being constructed. What we discovered is that the commonly used term 'middle age' is here re-defined as menopause, and menopause is represented through a particular narrative where loss of fertility is followed by descriptions of problems and symptoms and where the medical profession offers solutions - foremost amongst these is the use of hormone treatment. At a discursive level, women are represented not as women but as "woman" - a body. This body is seen as a fixed, biological category which can be studied independently of how any woman would define herself and independently of how women may experience and reflect on their lives and their bodies. Women as active subjects embedded in complex social relations are made invisible in these texts, as are differences between women. This article is part of a larger research project "Middle-aged bodies and gendered identities", financed by the Swedish Science Council. Theoretically, the project aims at contributing to a further understanding about the interlinkage of biological, social and cultural aspects in (discourses on) middle age, identity and the body. Empirically, it makes use of different sources: medical and literary texts, populär scientific texts, as well as interviews with middle aged women and men and with medical doctors.
Sjukvård som maskulinitetsprojekt
Authors: Dahle Rannveig , Widding Isaksen Lise
Published: June 2022

Caring work is culturally coded as feminine. Men constitute approximately five per cent of the nursing occupational group in Norway. Despite political ambitions, the proportion of male nurses is not increasing. Furthermore, the few men are clustered within some few niches, including leadership and management, psychiatric wards and acute medicine. The research question addressed in this artide is how to explain this clustering and to understand why these specific areas attract male nurses. Firstly we examine the gendered implications of entering a female universe and from there move to explore more specifically the clustering processes within the niches where various masculine nursing roles are constructed. As a theoretical starting point, we see masculinity and feminity as relational concepts. Moreover, recent approaches to the study of masculinity are taken into account. From these studies, concepts such as "a project of masculinity", "hegemonic masculinity" and "multiple masculinities" have emerged, which focus on men as gendered individuals and the relationships between men. These concepts proved to be useful when exploring the three niches mentioned above. Each of them is regarded a "project of masculinity". We conclude that all of them draw on different, but nevertheless core cultural aspects of masculinity. To some extent, the dilemmas, ambivalences and potentials of the three projects are dealt with. What they have in common is that they are relational to the hegemonic masculinity within the health field that is constituted by the medical profession. One of the aims of this study was to gain insight in men's caring work and the meaning attached to it. We suggest that there is a need for more gender sensitive scientific models even when studying the content and organisation of such work.
Könet är 2 kön. Om Luce Irigaray
Authors: Munk Rösing Lilian
Published: June 2022

The essay is an attempt to explain the basic figures of thought involved in Luce Irigaray's ethics of sexual difference. It views Irigaray's position not as essentialist but rather as suggesting a third way between essentialism and constructivism: the psychoanalytical way with its partly phenomenological, partly constructivist concept of the body. Irigaray's body is not a biological essence, but rather a site of metaphorical material, that is a provider of forms through which the subject experiences herself and the other. Irigaray's truly deconstructive method is one of detecting the male anatomy and fantasy hidden in the canonical texts of our philosophical tradition and at the same time opening those texts so that they might contain the other position, that is a position based on female anatomical metaphors. Thus Irigaray introduces sexual difference into a patriarchal culture defined by monosexuality. The ethical implication of sexual difference is the knowledge that there are always 2 positions. This insisting on the number of 2 is the basic structural figure in Irigaray's thinking, opposed to the basic numbers of patriarchy: 1 (monosexuality; imaginary unity) and 3 (teleological and oedipal triangles). The essay concentrates on Irigaray's readings of Plato and Aristotle in her Ethics of Sexual Difference.
Skillnadens doxa
Authors: Felski Rita
Published: June 2022

In this article, Rita Felski explores the philosophical inconsistencies as well as the political problems of trying to ground feminism in difference. Feminist scholars may question particular images of difference for objectifying or exoticizing others. However, the force of this critique usually relies on the belief that there are real, genuine differences that are obscured by this false representation. Felski looks at two influential currents in feminist theory: psychoanalytic theories of sexual difference in feminist philosophy and analyses of the cultural and material differences between women in postcolonial studies. These two fields want, though in dissimilar ways, to radicalize and complicate the notion of difference. Looking at these two areas of inquiry thus provides a good starting point from which to explore the ramifications of alterity, heterogeneity, difference, and the like in feminist thought. One of the aims of the article is to rethink alterity as the supreme goal of feminist theory and politics. Felski does not seek to do away with difference but simply to question the belief that it is the ultimate explanation of how things really are. She offers a description of equality and difference that is pragmatic rather than ontological, that asks what work these concepts can do rather than whether they are true. The common opposition in feminist thought between equality and difference is in fact a false antithesis. The concepts are philosophically interdependent. The pursuit of difference thus returns us inexorably to seemingly obsolete issues of equality and commonality.
Att skriva emancipatoriskt. Akademisk dialog för två röster
Authors: Bränström Öhman Annelie , Livholts Mona
Published: June 2022

This article is an attempt to open a discussion on feminist academic writing, its obstacles and its emancipatory potential. The form of the article is a dialogue, in ten parts, for two voices. By choosing this form we want to find a strategy for avoiding the reductive and hierarchal dualism that all too often characterizes academic thinking and writing. The geography of writing in a Swedish academic context is described as a contradictory field for feminists, and Shadowland is used as a metaphor for a landscape that demands well kept secrets about the feudal conditions in academic life. This creates a split subject in the process of thinking writing- a her and me situation. The unknown story of Dr Jekyll and Ms Hyde (inspired by the more widely known novel Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by R. L. Stevenson) captures the dilemma. Stevenson's characterization of Mr Hyde as a person carrying an "unexpressed deformity" is used as a metaphor for the threefold split between "I", "you" and "she", sensed by so many female and feminist academics trying to assimilate personal, physical and emotional experiences in the thinking/ writing process. The discourse of academic writing is imagined as a discourse of fear, where traditional form is created through unspoken expectations; a no-need-toexpress- what-you-should-know infantilises alternative ways of thinking and writing at the same time as it establishes academic homogenisation. The existence of a formula for the Right Way of Writing an Academic Text, whether it be a student paper or a doctoral thesis, is one of the most eagerly reproduced illusions, also among feminists. Here is a central question - and challenge - for every discussion on emancipatory writing. The liberation of words, genre, as well as style, is a necessary step in the direction of a non-hierarchical, anti-dualistic writing strategy. The article concludes by raising the issue of the emancipatory potential of endings in academic texts and presents two possible endings and an untimely letter. The first ending is created in the form of theatre where the intention is to reconsider the construction of Other, Them, Us, We. The second ending follows the same theme in the form of an academic summary. The third ending, the 'untimely letter', describes the creative and unpredictable outcome of the process of academic writing when working with form in different ways.
Jakten på det "queera ögonblicket". Om det subversivas (o)möjligheter
Authors: Edenheim Sara
Published: June 2022

The main question in this article is how and where subversion is possible. As a point of departure the author uses the work of Tiina Rosenberg, a researcher of theatre and gender at Stockholm university, who presents a theory on subversion, or "queer moment", produced by women in male clothing on stage. The article argues against the idea that this genre disturbs the heterosexual normativity and order of gender; instead it seems to reproduce that same order, partially through the relations between the characters and partially through the reason for female cross-dressing presented both within and outside these particular dramaturgies. Three examples are analysed: the stage play Twelfth Night (Shakespeare) and the motion pictures Yentl (Singer/Streisand) and Victor,Victoria! (Edwards, Hoemburg/Edwards). By focusing on both the male character who finds himself attached to the disguised woman, and on the female character who is attracted to the same, the author concludes that while the male character does not question his sexuality but rather the gender of his 'male' friend, the female character is easily led astray by superficial words and clothing and hence reproducing the stereotypical female behaviour. The male character, on the other hand, reproduces male (hetero)- sexuality as potent and capable of 'seeing' through any disguise. Hence, heteronormativity is found to play an important part in the entire dramaturgy-not only in the ending scene where everything is set right through falling disguises and weddings. However, the subversive part of the cross-dressing woman on stage or in film is not completely disregarded and the author presents, by using the theories of Teresa de Lauretis and Judith Butler, a possible identification with a woman in male clothing as a way of expressing a (lesbian) desire based on a fetishist use of male clothing as a symbol of disavowing both female and male fallocentric desire.
Manliga män och kyskhetsideal. Från soldaten i fält till kristna munkar
Authors: Näsström Brit-Mari
Published: June 2022

This article discusses the ascetic ideal of the early Christians and its influence on subordination and equivalence between the sexes. Although some passages in Paul's letters as well as in the Gospels indicate that women took an active part in the Christian church during the first century, their roles became more passive when Christianity became an accepted religion in the Roman Empire. Under the influence of the prevailing ideals of the Roman society, Christianity introduced a new male ideal. It was the soldier's simple life in field and momentary continence, praised in Late Antiquity as the model of the real man, that characterized the hierarchy of the Church. This ideal of chastity and bavery became accepted by the Church Fathers and transferred into the monastic system, whereas females became excluded from activities in the religious sphere.
Den stora planen om Marias efterföljelse. Heliga Birgittas genuskorrigering
Authors: Witt-Brattström Ebba
Published: June 2022

Holy Bridgets (1303-73) Heavenly Visions, six hundred chapters divided into eight books and one appendix, "Extravagantes", published in 1492, contain remarkable sections transgressing the borders of ecdesiastic androcentrism. This artide analyses her work in the context of a tradition of women's visionary literature. Radical and unique though it is in comparison with that of other women visionaries, Bridgefs feminist strategy suffers from structural restrictions, since she worked for the church and thus operated within a patriarchal framework. However, her vision is profoundly feminist, based as it is on an enlarged definition of holiness and humanity that embraces female reproductive and sexual experiences. A chief metaphor is childbirth, which conveys both the giving of life and of death (in the purgatory visions). Since she uses these female metaphors and similes for men as well as for women, one can talk of a certain constructivist essentialism in Bridgefs vision. The connection between the heavenly and the earthly mother is established in a symmetric relationship between Mary and Bridget. Bridget is summoned by Mary in a second Annunciation, which bridges the ideal of Mary's pure womanhood and the less pure womanhood of ordinary women, represented by Bridget, mother of eight children. Apart from Bridgefs Mariocentric message, one finds in her work an ambivalent discourse of the body, a sexual grotesque, as Bakhtin would say. This can be interpreted as a feminist attempt at reclaiming the female body, a precedent of the current discussion of the female body as a symbolic construction.
Des/orienterade maskuliniteter. Kroppar, känslor och rädsla
Authors: Seidler Victor
Published: June 2022

This article, "Dis/located masculinities. Bodies, fears and emotional life", departs from the critical situation in international politics after the l l t h of september 2001, where different global masculinities are confronting each other. The war in Iraq underlines that issues related to men and masculinities have assumed a particular global significance. The essay explores the significance of differences between masculinities in different cultures and generations, as well as central aspects in the history of western masculinities. Attention is specifically paid to the historical development of a close connection between manliness, reason and authority, accompanied by a disclaime of nature, the human body, sexuality, emotions and "weakness". The latter aspects where instead connected to women and femaleness to which a patriarchal white middle-class masculinity has risen above in a relation of dominace, as well as men of other ethnic origin, inside and outside the Western world. Men's studies is discussed in relation to early and postmodern feminist theory. Particularly Robert Connells influental theory of hegemonic masculinity iscritically discussed. Although the theory of Connell has contributed to an understanding of the relation between different masculinities, his theory remains caught in a theorethical and metodological framework that limits our possibilites to understand different masculine cultures and men's often ambivalent experiences of gender in a postmodern world. The theory of hegemonic masculinity, with its implicit univerialism, is trapped in a rationalistic framework that reduces men to issues of power. Even if questions of power remain vital in gender studies, attention has also to be paid to men's emotions, fears and other personal experiencies, which exist in more complex relationsto powerthan assumed in the theory of Connell.
Maskulinitet, imagination och livssammanhang. Att nå förändringspotentialer hos män
Authors: Aarseth Helene , Olsen Bente Marianne
Published: June 2022

The article discusses theoretical and methodical approaches to masculinity and social change. The authors argue that a Nordic critical research on men and masculinities should develop analytical tools that enable us to grasp potentials for change in what they call "normal male" life patterns. Changes in Nordic masculinities are not necessarily attached to experiences of subordination or marginalisation in relation to a hegemonic masculinity. We should also seize potentials for change in the tensions generated within men's life world and their structural position in the gendered division of work. In this light, alternative approaches to seize the social change that are generated within the process of men's intimate life patterns are discussed. The authors point at two theoretical approaches that enable us to grasp the dialectic between limitations and possibilities of "normal male" life patterns. The first approach is the concept of manliness - unmanliness, which catches the opposed paradox between preserving the conception of manliness and the fear of giving it up and take up new life patterns. This is gathered in the meaning of "fear of falling". The other approach is based on the concept of social imagination developed by the German sociologist Ulrike Prokop. This concept has been redefined to cover men's perception of their own subjective needs and to explain - in relation to intimate life patterns - the potential longing for creating new practices of the gender division of labour. Methodically, the article points at a qualitative approach where several narrative spaces are established in the individual interview to ensure a dialogue between the interviewee and the interviewerabouttheunderstandingofthediscrepancies of the different descriptions of the interviewee himself.
BIST BANKA VE SİGORTA ENDEKSİLERİ İLE RİSK PRİMLERİ ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: EZANOĞLU Zeynep
Published: June 2022

Ülkelerde yaşanan olumlu ve olumsuz gelişmeler ülkelerin risk primi göstergesi olan CDS primine yansımaktadır. CDS primi sürekli değişmekte ve güncel piyasa koşullarını günlük olarak yansıtmaktadır. CDS primlerindeki artışlar finansal piyasalarda bir işleme taraf olan katılımcıların risklerinin artabileceği anlamına gelmektedir. Bankacılık ve sigortacılık sektörlerine ait borsa yatırımları ile risk primleri arasında ilişki olup olmadığının tespit edilmesi amacıyla bu çalışmada, Ocak 2018- Aralık 2021 dönemi için aylık veriler kullanılarak Türkiye CDS primi ile BIST Banka ve BIST Sigorta sektör endeksleri arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Nedensellik analizi sonuçlarına göre, CDS ve BIST Banka değişkenlerinden BIST Sigorta değişkenine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik tespit edilmiştir. Bunun dışında diğer yönlerde nedensellik tespit edilmemiştir.
Genetyczne Warianty alfa-1 Antytrypsyny—Klasyfikacja i Znaczenie Kliniczne
Authors: Popławska Beata , Janciauskiene Sabina , Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna
Published: June 2022

Inherited alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is listed among the three most common genetic disorders in Caucasians. It considerably increases the risk of progressive obstructive lung diseases, mostly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as chronic liver disorders, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and cancer. It is estimated that more than 5.5% of the Polish population carries one of the most common deficiency phenotypes, which might be relatively easily detected due to low alpha-1 antitrypsin serum concentration. However, as well as being quantitative, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency might also be qualitative. These dysfunctional alpha-1 antitrypsin variants are characterized by scarce antiproteolytic activity and quite often by fully effective protein production resulting in normal serum levels. Consequently, dysfunctional variant identification is possible only by means of pheno- or genotyping. This review presents clinically useful characteristics of main genetic alpha-1 antitrypsin variants.
“EUROPEAN COPD AUDIT” w Polsce—Jak leczymy chorych z zaostrzeniem POCHP?
Authors: Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna , Górecka Dorota , Śliwiński Paweł , Roszkowski-Śliż Kazimierz
Published: June 2022

Przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc (POChP) jest dla współczesnych społeczeństw poważnym problemem epidemiologicznym, społecznym i ekonomicznym [...]
Quality of Care Assessment in COPD. AUDIPOC: The Spanish Audit Experience
Authors: Lopez-Campos Jose Luis , Pozo-Rodríguez Francisco
Published: June 2022

There is now general knowledge illustratinga gap between the health care that patients rece-ive and the practice that is recommended by clinical guidelines [...]
Przewlekłe Serce Płucne—Punkt Widzenia Kardiologa
Authors: Lewczuk Jerzy
Published: June 2022

W pracy przedstawiono punkt widzenia kardiologa na definicję, rozpoznanie i możliwość leczenia kardiologicznego chorych z przewlekłym sercem płucnym. Opisane zostały trudności w interpretacji definicji przewlekłego serca płucnego w praktyce klinicznej oraz rola wywiadu, badania przedmiotowego i prostych badań dodatkowych, takich jak ocena funkcji płuc, gazometria, zdjęcie RTG klatki piersiowej i EKG we wstępnej diagnostyce schorzenia. Podkreślono znaczenie badania echokardiograficznego i hemodynamiki płucnej w potwierdzeniu rozpoznania i różnicowaniu nadmiernie wysokiego nadciśnienia płucnego. Omówiono aktualne wyniki zastosowania u chorych z przewlekłym sercem płucnym specyficznego dla tętniczego nadciśnienia płucnego leczenia wazodilatacyjnego.
Szkliwienie/Stwardnienie Płuc w Aspekcie Chorób Związanych z Nadmiarem IgG4
Authors: Wiatr Elżbieta
Published: June 2022

W ciągu ostatnich 2 lat zaobserwowano wzrostzainteresowania chorobami, którym towarzyszyzwiększone stężenie IgG4 w surowicy [...]
Profile of Adults Suffering from Asthma in Poland—Results of PulmoScreen Study
Authors: Brożek Grzegorz , Nowak Marcin , Pierzchała Władysław , Zejda Jan
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Adult patients with diagnosis of asthma remain largely under the care of primary care physicians (general practitioners). Thus, they play an important role in diagnosing and treating this population. The aim of the study was to characterize of adults with asthma remaining under the care of Polish general practitioners (GP) as well as to evaluate the use of diagnostic tools and treatment in light of GINA recommendations. Material and methods: This questionnaire study included a representative sample of 1852 general practitioners (GPs) who were asked to complete questionnaires on the diagnosis and treatment of their patients with asthma. Results: Altogether 1250 GPs provided information about 10,981 patients. Controlled asthma had 21.2% patients, 46.9% partly controlled, and 31.9% uncontrolled asthma. Allergy skin prick tests were performed in 64.8%, bronchial reversibility tests in 58.1% and bronchial provocation tests in 9.8% of patients. Spirometry results were obtained for 41.9% of patients. In the last year 16.6% of patients underwent emergency intervention due to asthma exacerbation and 18.1% required hospitalization. Conclusions: In Polish asthma patients the frequency of allergological and pulmonological visits as well as the frequency of spirometric assessment are poorly associated with asthma control level. The diagnostic tests recommended by international and national guidelines for the management of asthma are performed too seldom. Hospitalizations and emergency interventions related to asthma exacerbations are found in a large portion of patients and depend on their gender and asthma control level. Asthma has a negative impact on everyday activity in more than half of patients. Proper assessment of the level of causes asthma control according to GINA guidelines poses problems to Polish general practitioners.
The Impact of Timeliness of Care on Survival in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Radzikowska Elżbieta , Roszkowski-Śliż Kazimierz , Głaz Piotr
Published: June 2022

Introduction: It is uncertain whether timeliness improves clinical outcomes in lung cancer patients. The goal of the study was to analyse the influence of patient’s and doctor’s delays on survival of unselected population of NSCLC patients. Material and methods: From 1995 to 1998, 8705 squamous cell lung cancer patients and 1881 adenocarcinoma patients were registered in Pulmonary Outpatients Clinics in all parts of Poland and subsequently in National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute Register (NTLDRIR). Results: The median time from first symptom(s) to the beginning of a treatment was 92 days (mean—138.5 days).The median waiting time between first symptom(s) and first visit to a doctor’s was 30 days (mean 57 days) and from first visit to a doctor’s to referral to a chest physician—was 17 days (mean 41 days). Diagnosis of the NSCLC was established in a mean time of 71 days (median 40 days), but chest physician diagnosed patients in a mean time of 51 days (median 28 days). The multivariate analysis revealed that ECOG performance status (PS) 2 (HR = 1.4) and 3+4 (HR = 2.23), clinical stage of the disease II (HR = 1.32), III (HR = 1.41), and IV (HR = 1.82) were independent negative predictors of survival. Non-surgically treated patients had worse prognosis than patients treated surgically (HR = 3.03). Lack of patient’s delay had a significant positive impact on survival (HR = 0.88), particularly for patients in PS 0+1 (HR = 0.9) and 3+4 (HR = 0.9). Lack of doctor’s delay was a negative predictive factor of survival (HR = 1.14). It was observed particularly in patients in performance status 2 (HR = 1.28). Conclusions: The patient’s delay and lack of doctor’s delay had a negative impact on survival of NSCLC patients.
Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Bartosiewicz Małgorzata , Siemion-Szcześniak Izabela , Jędrych Małgorzata , Radwan-Röhrenschef Piotr , Lewandowska Katarzyna , Langfort Renata , Oniszh Karina , Franczuk Monika , Kuś Jan
Published: June 2022

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology. The disease affects middle-aged women and is characterized by the destruction of the intralobular bile ducts that causes consequent cholestasis. AMA is a hallmark of PBC, composed mostly of IgG and IgM class. The M2 antibody is the most specific one, with sensitivity range of 54–98% depending on type of test used. PBC is often accompanied by other autoimmune diseases, such as Sjøgrens syndrome, thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been reported in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis but its frequency and nature are poorly understood. We report pulmonary involvement in the course of PBC in 4 middle-aged women. Histopatological examination of lung specimens was available in three patients: two presented with sarcoid—like granulomas, one with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP). In one patient the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis was based on clinical and radiological features. Because of abnormal pulmonary function tests (PFT) results all the patients were treated with prednisone, one, additionally with azathioprine. The treatment was successful in all of the patients.
Jak zwiększyć skuteczność domowego leczenia tlenem (DLT)?
Authors: Zieliński Jan , Borak-Kwapisz Joanna
Published: June 2022

W bieżącym zeszycie „Pneumonologii i Alergologii Polskiej” publikowana jest praca Małgorzaty Czajkowskiej-Malinowskiej o stosowaniu ciekłego tlenu u chorych podlegających domowemu leczeniu tlenem (DLT) [1] [...]
Molecular Genotyping Methods in Epidemiological Investigations of TB Infections
Authors: Brzostek Anna , Dziadek Jarosław
Published: June 2022

Gruźlica pozostaje jednym z najistotniejszych problemów zdrowotnych na świecie [...]
Molecular Analysis of Strains from Tuberculosis Patients in Polish Prisons in 2004–2008. Initial Analysis of the Project
Authors: Brzezińska Sylwia , Zabost Anna , Kozińska Monika , Janicka-Sobierajska Grażyna , Zwolska Zofia , Augustynowicz-Kopeć Ewa
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Correctional facilities are recognised “breeding ground” for infectious diseases. As The World Health Organization reported, the incidence of infectious diseases in prison’s population is 10–100 times higher than in general population. The incidence of tuberculosis among correctional inmates in Poland in 2008 was 270/100,000, that is around 10 times higher than among non-prisoners. Materials and methods: The study included 57 M. tuberculosis isolates from patients in Polish prisons in 2004–2008 (5% of all diagnosed TB patient in Polish prisons 2004–2008). Primary isolation was performed with Löwenstein-Jensen (L-J) medium, species identification was done with the niacin test and gene probes test. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the L-J medium slants with the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were analyzed with two methods: screening for epidemiological discrimination of M. tuberculosis—spoligotyping and highthroughput—MIRU/VNTR. Results: Isolates that are grouped in clusters (33 isolates) were analyzed by means of MIRU/VNTRs. In MIRU/VNTRs all strains showed different genetic patterns. Most isolates of the prisoners were grouped into two clusters: T1 53 and H3 50. Conclusions: 1. MIRU/VNTR is a high-throughput method. 2. MIRU/VNTR is a promising method to diagnose TB transmission in Polish jails. 3. To identify the probable source of transmission, molecular analysis of strains from patients of the general population is needed.
Birth Weight as a Factor Determining Lung Function among Healthy Persons and Its Relation with Chronic Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Ichnowski Jerzy , Lindner Karolina , Pawłowicz Robert , Panaszek Bernard
Published: June 2022

Low lung function is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality in the population. Lung development seems to be important factor in pathogenesis of respiratory disorders. Airway development is a complex process. Birth weight (BW) is one of perinatal factors which influences development of pulmonary system and multiorgan function of the body. Aforementioned relationships are visible especially at first years of life. However, not very many studies have examined the associations between birth weight and lung function in later age then childhood and adolescence. The aim of this review is to discuss relationships between BW and lung function parameters in healthy individuals and patients with lung disease in childhood and adulthood.
Measurement of Bronchoconstrictive Eicosanoids in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Gross-Sondej Iwona , Soja Jerzy , Sładek Krzysztof , Pulka Grażyna , Skucha Wojciech , Niżankowska-Mogilnicka Ewa
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentration of 9a11b prostaglandin F2, a stable metabolite of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and leukotriene E4 (LTE4), in patients with stable and exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Material and methods: The study included 29 COPD patients aged 73 ± 8.34 years, with mean FEV1 = 48.64 ± 15.75% of predicted normal value, and 29 healthy controls aged 57.48 ± 10.86 years, with mean FEV1 = 97.17 ± 13.81% of predicted normal value. Urine and blood samples were taken from COPD patients during exacerbation and in the stable phase of the disease; LTE4 was measured in urine using commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and 9a11b prostaglandin F2 (9a11bPGF2), a stable metabolite of PGD2, was measured in blood and urine using GC/MS. Results: Urine concentrations of LTE4 in urine (677.15 vs. 436.4 pg/mg of creatinine; p = 0.035) and serum levels of 9a11bPGF2 (5.35 vs. 3.07 pg/mL; p = 0.007) were significantly higher in patients with exacerbated COPD than in the control group. There was no difference in LTE4 levels in urine and 9a11bPGF2 in serum between exacerbated and stable COPD. The urinary 9a11bPGF2 concentration did not differ between the studied groups. We found a positive correlation between smoking history and urine LTE4 level (r = 0.395; p = 0.002) as well as blood 9a11bPGF2 concentration (r = 0.603; p = 0.001) in COPD patients. Conclusions: Urine levels of 9a11bPGF2 and LTE4 did not differ between the stable COPD group and the control group. There were no differences between urine LTE4 levels and blood and urine 9a11bPGF2 levels between exacerbated and stable COPD. Finally, LTE4 concentration in urine and 9a11bPGF2 in blood were significantly higher in exacerbated COPD patients than in the control group.
Yellow Nail Syndrome in a Patient with Membranous Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Modrzewska Katarzyna , Fijołek Justyna , Ptak Jakub , Wiatr Elżbieta
Published: June 2022

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a condition characterized by yellow-green coloration of nails, respiratory manifestations, and lymphedema. This article presents a case of a 52-year-old patient with membranous glomerulonephritis, hospitalized at the National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases in Warsaw because of suspected allergic aspergillosis. Based on clinical and radiological findings, diagnosis of YNS was established. Treatment of renal disease did not affect the course of yellow nail syndrome. During the two-year follow-up, despite stable renal parameters, progression of respiratory manifestations (bronchiectasis, pleural effusions) was observed.
Out of Concern for Diligence in Science—Commentary to the Paper of T. Gólczewski "Spirometry—Comparison of Lubinski’s Prediction Equations for Polish Population with ECSC/ERS and Falaschetti’s Equations"
Authors: Targowski Tomasz
Published: June 2022

Z zainteresowaniem przeczytałem artykuł Gólczewskiego z pierwszego tegorocznego numeru „Pneumonologii i Alergologii Polskiej”, dotyczący metodologicznego porównania opracowanych przez Lubińskiego i Gólczewskiego równań opisujących wartości prawidłowe wskaźników spirometrycznych z równaniami referencyjnymi Europejskiej Wspólnoty Węgla i Stali/Europejskiego Towarzystwa Oddechowego (European Community for Steel and Coal/European Respiratory Society—ECSC/ERS) oraz brytyjskimi normami autorstwa Falaschetti [1] [...]
Patients with Chronic Lung Diseases Have the Right to Palliative Care—Recommendations of the Polish Respiratory Society
Authors: Górecka Dorota
Published: June 2022

The past few months have seen several important events pointing out to the place and importance of chronic lung diseases in the world [...]
Potrzeba badań przesiewowych w kierunku wczesnego wykrywania raka płuca—Nowe dowody, nowe nadzieje
Authors: Laprus Izabela , Adamek Mariusz , Kozielski Jerzy
Published: June 2022

Rak płuca to najczęściej występujący nowotwór w Polsce i na świecie, jest główną przyczyną zgonów z powodu nowotworów złośliwych. W ciągu ostatnich 30 lat nie zaobserwowano zwiększenia odsetka 5-letnich przeżyć wśród chorych na ten nowotwór, udało się natomiast poprawić wyniki leczenia takich nowotworów jak rak piersi, jelita grubego czy szyjki macicy. Jest to niewątpliwie związane z przeprowadzaniem skutecznych badań przesiewowych. Wprowadzenie badań populacyjnych w kierunku wczesnego wykrywania raka płuca wydaje się uzasadnione. W latach 70. XX wieku przeprowadzono kilka randomizowanych badań klinicznych wykorzystujących w tym celu rentgenogramy klatki piersiowej i badanie cytologiczne plwociny, jednak nie wykazano w nich redukcji umieralności spowodowanej tym nowotworem. Prowadzono liczne badania z zastosowaniem niskodawkowej tomografii komputerowej. Wiele z tych projektów było badaniami obserwacyjnymi, bez grupy kontrolnej. Wykazano dużą czułość tomografii komputerowej w zakresie wykrywania wczesnych postaci raka, jednak określenie stopnia redukcji umieralności, głównego kryterium przydatności danego testu przesiewowego, jest możliwe jedynie w badaniach z grupą kontrolną. Przełomowym okazało się badanie przeprowadzone w Stanach Zjednoczonych—National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), w którym wykazano 20-procentową redukcję umieralności w grupie uczestników badanych za pomocą niskodawkowej tomografii komputerowej w porównaniu z grupą, w której wykonywano RTG klatki piersiowej. Oczekuje się na publikację wyników randomizowanych badań prowadzonych w Europie. Wielu badaczy poszukuje nowych metod diagnostycznych, które mogłyby pomóc we wczesnym wykrywaniu raka płuca. Należą do nich nowoczesne badania cytometryczne plwociny, badania molekularne czy bronchoskopia fluorescencyjna.
Rozpoznawanie powysiłkowego skurczu oskrzeli—Zadanie na medal
Authors: Franczuk Monika
Published: June 2022

A physiological response to exercise leads toincreased ventilation, which is an adaptive mecha-nism related to increased body demand for oxygenand accelerated metabolism [...]