bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct populations of crypt-associated fibroblasts act as signaling hubs to control colon homeostasis
Authors: Brügger Michael David , Valenta Tomas , Fazilaty Hassan , Hausmann George , Basler Konrad
Published: December 2020

Despite recent progress in recognizing the importance of mesenchymal cells for the homeostasis of the intestinal system, the current picture of how these cells communicate with the associated epithelial layer remains unclear. To describe the relevant cell populations in an unbiased manner, we carried out a single-cell transcriptome analysis of the adult murine colon, producing a high-quality atlas of matched colonic epithelium and mesenchyme. We identify two crypt-associated colonic fibroblast populations that are demarcated by different strengths of platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (Pdgfra) expression. Crypt-bottom fibroblasts (CBFs), close to the intestinal stem cells, express low levels of Pdgfra and secrete canonical Wnt ligands, Wnt potentiators, and bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) inhibitors. Crypt-top fibroblasts (CTFs) exhibit high Pdgfra levels and secrete noncanonical Wnts and Bmp ligands. While the Pdgfralowcells maintain intestinal stem cell proliferation, the Pdgfrahighcells induce differentiation of the epithelial cells. Our findings enhance our understanding of the crosstalk between various colonic epithelial cells and their associated mesenchymal signaling hubs along the crypt axis—placing differential Pdgfra expression levels in the spotlight of intestinal fibroblast identity.
Value-complexity tradeoff explains mouse navigational learning
Authors: Amir Nadav , Suliman-Lavie Reut , Tal Maayan , Shifman Sagiv , Tishby Naftali , Nelken Israel
Published: December 2020

We introduce a novel methodology for describing animal behavior as a tradeoff between value and complexity, using the Morris Water Maze navigation task as a concrete example. We develop a dynamical system model of the Water Maze navigation task, solve its optimal control under varying complexity constraints, and analyze the learning process in terms of the value and complexity of swimming trajectories. The value of a trajectory is related to its energetic cost and is correlated with swimming time. Complexity is a novel learning metric which measures how unlikely is a trajectory to be generated by a naive animal. Our model is analytically tractable, provides good fit to observed behavior and reveals that the learning process is characterized by early value optimization followed by complexity reduction. Furthermore, complexity sensitively characterizes behavioral differences between mouse strains.
Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of breast cancer MCF-7 / Taxol cells with MeDIP-Seq
Authors: Shi Ying , Gong Weihua , Gong Xiangrong , Wang Ping , Zhao Xin
Published: December 2020

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed tumor in women worldwide. Although the combination of surgery and Taxol chemotherapy can achieve a certain therapeutic effect, patients often develop drug-resistance, resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is significative to seek the molecular mechanism of chemotherapy resistance. Recent studies have found that abnormal epigenetic regulation in breast cells changes the expression of key genes, which can lead to the occurrence, development, and maintenance of cancer, even related to the development of drug-resistance. Therefore, in this study, we performed methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (MeDIP-seq) to reveal the difference in methylation between breast cancer drug-resistant cells and sensitive cells. A total of 55076 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were detected, including 21061 hypermethylated DMGs and 34015 hypomethylated DMGs. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and KEGG pathway analysis reveal the function and pathway of screening genes. These results indicate that DNA methylation may be involved in regulating the occurrence and development of breast cancer.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Xenopholis Peters, 1869 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae): Integrating morphology with ecological niche
Authors: Gomes Daniel Faustino , Azevedo Josué , Murta-Fonseca Roberta , Faurby Søren , Antonelli Alexandre , Passos Paulo
Published: December 2020

A reliable identification and delimitation of species is an essential pre-requisite for many fields of science and conservation. The Neotropical herpetofauna is the world’s most diverse, including many taxa of uncertain or debated taxonomy. Here we tackle one such species complex, by evaluating the taxonomic status of species currently allocated in the snake genus Xenopholis (X. scalaris, X. undulatus, and X. werdingorum). We base our conclusions on concordance between quantitative (meristic and morphometric) and qualitative (color pattern, hemipenes and skull features) analyses of morphological characters, in combination with ecological niche modeling. We recognize all three taxa as valid species and improve their respective diagnosis, including new data on color in life, pholidosis, bony morphology, and male genitalia. We find low overlap among the niches of each species, corroborating the independent source of phenotypic evidence. Even though all three species occur in the leaf litter of distinct forested habitats, Xenopholis undulatus is found in the elevated areas of the Brazilian Shield (Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco), whereas X. scalaris occurs in the Amazon and Atlantic rainforests, and X. werdingorum in the Chiquitanos forest and Pantanal wetlands. We discuss the disjunct distribution between Amazonian and Atlantic Forest snake species in the light of available natural history and ecological aspects. This study shows the advantages of combining multiple data sources for reliable identification and circumscription of ecologically similar species.
A methodological framework for characterizing fish swimming and escapement behaviors in trawls
Authors: Robert Marianne , Cortay Aurore , Morfin Marie , Simon Julien , Morandeau Fabien , Deneubourg Jean Louis , Vincent Benoit
Published: December 2020

Knowledge about fish behavior is crucial to be able to influence the capture process and catch species composition. The rapid expansion of the use of underwater cameras has facilitated unprecedented opportunities for studying the behavior of species interacting with fishing gears in their natural environment. This technological advance would greatly benefit from the parallel development of dedicated methodologies accounting for right-censored observations and variable observation periods between individuals related to instrumental, environmental and behavioral events. In this paper we proposed a methodological framework, based on a parametric Weibull mixture model, to describe the process of escapement attempts through time, test effects of covariates and estimate the probability that a fish will attempt to escape. We additionally proposed to better examine the escapement process at the individual level with regard to the temporal dynamics of escapement over time. Our approach was used to analyze gadoids swimming and escapement behaviors collected using a video set up in front of a selective device known to improve selectivity on gadoids in the extension of a bottom trawl. Comparison of the fit of models indicates that i) the instantaneous rate of escape attempts is constant over time and that the escapement process can be modelled using an exponential law; ii) the mean time before attempting to escape increases with the increasing number of attempts; iii) more than 80% of the gadoids attempted to escape through the selective device; and iv) the estimated probability of success was around 15%. Effects of covariates on the probability of success were investigated using binomial regression but none of them were significant. The data set collected is insufficient to make general statements, and further observations are required to properly investigate the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors governing gadoids behavior in trawls. This methodology could be used to better characterize the underlying behavioral process of fish in other parts of a bottom trawl or in relation to other fishing gears.
Predictors and outcome of first line treatment failure among under-five children with community acquired severe pneumonia at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Muro Restituta Phabian , Masoza Tulla Sylvester , Kasanga Godfrey , Kayange Neema , Kidenya Benson R.
Published: December 2020

Background

Despite recent advances in management and preventive strategies, high rates of first line antibiotics treatment failure and case fatality for Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia (SCAP) continue to occur in children in low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the predictors and outcome of first line antibiotics treatment failure among children under-five years of age with SCAP admitted at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Methods

The study involved under-five children admitted with SCAP, treated with first line antibiotics as recommended by WHO. Patients with treatment failure at 48 hours were shifted to second line of antibiotics treatment and followed up for 7 days. Generalized linear model was used to determine predictors of first line antibiotics treatment failure for SCAP.

Results

A total of 250 children with SCAP with a median age of 18 [IQR 9–36] months were enrolled, 8.4% had HIV infection and 28% had acute malnutrition. The percentage of first line antibiotics treatment failure for the children with SCAP was 50.4%. Predictors of first line treatment failure were; presentation with convulsion (RR 1.55; 95% CI [1.11–2.16]; p-value 0.009), central cyanosis (RR 1.55; 95% CI [1.16–2.07]; p-value 0.003), low oxygen saturation (RR 1.28; 95% CI [1.01–1.62]; p-value 0.04), abnormal chest X-ray (RR 1.71; 95% CI [1.28–2.29]; p-value <0.001), HIV infection (RR 1.80; 95% CI [1.42–2.27]; p-value 0.001), moderate acute malnutrition (RR 1.48; 95% CI [1.04–2.12]; p-value = 0.030) and severe acute malnutrition (RR 2.02; 95% CI [1.56–2.61]; p-value<0.001). Mortality in children who failed first line treatment was 4.8%.

Conclusion

Half of the children with SCAP at this tertiary center had first line antibiotics treatment failure. HIV infection, acute malnutrition, low oxygen saturation, convulsions, central cyanosis, and abnormal chest X-ray were independently predictive of first line treatment failure. We recommend consideration of second line treatment and clinical trials for patients with SCAP to reduce associated morbidity and mortality.
Impact of social isolation due to COVID-19 on the seasonality of pediatric respiratory diseases
Authors: Nascimento Milena Siciliano , Baggio Diana Milena , Fascina Linus Pauling , do Prado Cristiane
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Respiratory tract diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of 5 years, constituting the highest rate of hospitalization in this age group.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in childhood in the last 5 years and to assess the impact of social isolation due to COVID-19 on the seasonal behavior of these diseases.

Methods

A cross-sectional clinical study was carried out, with a survey of all patients aged 0 to 17 years who were admitted with a diagnosis of respiratory diseases between January 2015 and July 2020. The database was delivered to the researchers anonymized. The variables used for analysis were date of admission, date of discharge, length of stay, age, sex and diagnosis. In order to make the analysis possible, the diagnoses were grouped into upper respiratory infection (URI), asthma / bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia.

Results

2236 admissions were included in the study. Children under 5 years old account for 81% of hospitalizations for respiratory disease in our population. In the adjusted model, an average reduction of 38 hospitalizations was observed in the period of social isolation (coefficient: -37.66; 95% CI (- 68.17; -7.15); p = 0.016).

Conclusion

The social isolation measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically interfered with the seasonality of childhood respiratory diseases. This was reflected in the unexpected reduction in the number of hospitalizations in the pediatric population during this period.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices against the growing threat of COVID-19 among medical students of Pakistan
Authors: Noreen Khola , Rubab Zil-e- , Umar Muhammad , Rehman Rehana , Baig Mukhtiar , Baig Fizzah
Published: December 2020

Background

On account of the COVID-19 pandemic, many changes have been implicated in university medical students. We are cognizant that pandemic can be controlled with dedicated contributions from all involved in the healthcare profession. Therefore, it is important to know the pandemic and application of knowledge by the medical students to formulate a further line of management in Pakistan.

Objective

We aimed toinvestigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 and its impact on medical students of Pakistan.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2020 by a validated self—administered questionnaire. The survey instrument was tailored from a published questionnaire comprised of questions on demographics (6), knowledge (14), attitudes (4), and practices (6).

Results

Of the 1474 medical students in the study, 576(39.1%) were males, and 898(60.1%) were females. Two-thirds of the participants 1057(71.7%) had adequate knowledge, and almost all the students had positive attitudes (1363(92.5%), and good practices 1406(95.4%) to COVID-19. Two-thirds of the medical students 1023(69%) believed that the COVID-19 outbreak had affected their social, mental, and psychological well-being. One-quarter of the medical students 391(26%) become more religious, 597(40%) realized the importance of life, and 1140(77%) became careless because of the pandemic. The female medical students were 2.545 times (p < .001) and 4.414 times (p < .001) more likely to have positive attitudes and good practices toward COVID-19 as compared to males.

Conclusion

Medical students, especially females and senior year scholars, were well-versed with desired levels of knowledge, attitudes, and preventive measures toward COVID-19. Most of them recognized COVID 19, is shaping their social, mental, and psychological well-being and encroaching on the healthcare system and economy. The information acquired by the KAP study may help to devise effective preventive strategies for future events.
Inventar os corpos:
Authors: Souto Maior Júnior Paulo Roberto
Published: December 2020

Entre abril de 1978 e junho de 1981 circulou no Brasil o jornal Lampião da Esquina produzido e destinado em grande maioria a leitores homossexuais. Este artigo aborda as condições de emergência do periódico, sua arquitetura e objetivos. A questão norteadora analisa como e de que maneira o jornal produziu uma série de discursos sobre os corpos homossexuais, atribuindo-lhes significados e sentidos inéditos até então e que funcionaram como uma forma de resistir à ditadura militar.
Teoria social e desafios epistemológicos na geopolítica do conhecimento
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Amaral de
Published: December 2020

Inflexões epistemológicas importantes têm emergido em contextos acadêmicos periféricos e semiperiféricos de produção de saberes, tensionando noções já consolidadas nas Ciências Sociais de “modernidade” e “razão científica”. Esses deslocamentos afetaram a Teoria Social, primeiro, no universo indiano e anglo-saxão e, em um segundo momento, na América Latina, quando se passou a problematizar de forma mais aguda o lado atroz da modernidade, a partir de uma releitura de realidades que experimentaram colonização, escravismo, etnocídio, sexismo e racismo. Este artigo compõe uma revisão analítica e panorâmica da maneira como parte da Teoria Social Contemporânea tem buscado desconstruir a ideia de uma “experiência moderna” monotópica e universal, e de como essa desconstrução tem alargado cada vez mais nossos horizontes de entendimento sobre subalternidades e colonialidades. O objetivo é expor críticas a respeito da produção, difusão e consumo de “grandes narrativas”, articulando tais propostas com abordagens recentes que propõem o reexame de cânones firmados na Sociologia e indicando novas epistemologias a partir de outros locais de enunciação, fala e atuação.
Crowdsourcing in language learning as a continuation of CALL in varied
technological, social, and ethical contexts
Authors: Gajek Elżbieta
Published: December 2020

Crowdsourcing not only opens new perspectives within the general concept
of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL), but also raises questions
about ethics, motivation, and fair contribution. Technology offers platforms
such as Duolingo, Bussu, and Babbel for learning languages with active
contribution of the learners. Such applications reach millions of users.
Thus, there is a need for initiatives to explore the potential of
crowdsourcing for language learning. One of them is enetCollect CA16105
Combining Language Learning with Crowdsourcing Techniques, which is a
European project within COST action. The aim of this paper is to disseminate
the project’s ideas as well as present some results of the research done by
the author as her contribution to the project activities. The findings show
that language learners are not heavy gamers and the feedback they receive is
the strongest motivational factor towards crowdourcing.
VLASTWA: a vocabulary learning and strategy teaching web-app
Authors: Mirzaei Siamak , Lewis Trent W. , Wyra Mirella , Wilkinson Brett
Published: December 2020

This research study tends to evaluate the efficaciousness and usability
of a Vocabulary Learning And Strategy Teaching Web-App (VLASTWA) – a
customised and targeted web-app for (1) teaching the KeyWord Method (KWM)
which is a widely investigated vocabulary learning strategy, and (2)
facilitating new vocabulary learning via KWM. In this experimental study,
with a between/within design, native Persian participants (n=160, age:18-60)
learnt to use KWM, applied it in acquiring 22 new words, and tested this
newly learnt vocabulary immediate (T1)/delayed (T2) recall. The
effectiveness of the use of KWM taught within the web-app and the
traditional Pen and Paper (P&P) in the experimental groups were compared
with the control app and P&P groups via immediate/delayed recall of
learnt vocabulary. The results suggest VLASTWA was efficient for learning
new vocabulary while highlighting how meaningful and interactive it can be
in accompanying and enriching Foreign Language (FL) vocabulary
learning.
Exploring L2 TV mode preferences and perceptions of learning
Authors: Pattemore Anastasia , Suárez Maria del Mar , Muñoz Carmen
Published: December 2020

This study explores the effects of extensive exposure to L2 TV series,
describing perceptions of learning from this type of input. A total of 136
university learners of English participated in a pre-/post-test design study
which included extensive watching of ten full-length episodes of an English
TV series. There were three groups: captions, textually enhanced captions,
and no captions. Learners’ viewing mode preference and feeling of learning
from L2 media were explored through questionnaires on out-of-class exposure
to English media distributed at the beginning and end of the classroom
intervention. The study results suggest a shift in the preferred mode of
exposure to L2 media after the intervention and provide insights on the
students’ impressions of and reactions to language learning from L2 TV
series.
Comparison of Clinical Value between Right Distal Radial Artery Access and Right Radial Artery Access in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Pan Wen , Xu Haixiang , Liu Qingjun , Fan Jianhua
Published: December 2020

Objective: To compare the feasibility and safety between right distal radial artery access and right radial artery access in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: On the basis of arterial access, 113 patients who underwent CAG or PCI in Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January and October 2018 were divided into two groups: a right distal radial artery group (52 patients) and a right radial artery group (61 patients). We collected general information, the number of puncture attempts, access times, postoperative compression time, and complications.

Results: The general characteristics, rate of successful radial artery puncture, and rate of successful catheter placement in the two groups were not different. The right radial artery group had fewer puncture attempts (1.26±0.44 times vs. 2.19±0.53 times, P=0.001) and a shorter access time (3.23±0.86 min vs. 4.77±1.49 min, P=0.001) than the right distal radial artery group. However, the postoperative compression time in the right distal radial artery group was shorter (3.44±0.9 h vs. 7.16±1.21 h, P=0.001). Two cases of bleeding, four cases of hematoma, and one case of artery occlusion in the right radial artery group and one case of hematoma in the right distal artery group occurred before discharge. The rate of total complications in the right distal radial artery group was lower than in the right radial artery group (1.93% vs. 11.48%, P=0.048).

Conclusion: CAG or PCI through the right distal radial artery is feasible and safe.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Residual adrenal function in Addison’s disease
Authors: Pearce Simon H S , Gan Earn H , Napier Catherine
Published: December 2020

Over the last 10 years, evidence has accumulated that autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) is a heterogeneous disease. Residual adrenal function, characterised by persistent secretion of cortisol, other glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids is present in around 30% of patients with established AAD, and appears commoner in men. This persistent steroidogenesis is present in some patients with AAD for more than 20 years, but it is commoner in people with shorter disease duration. The clinical significance of residual adrenal function is not fully clear at the moment, but as it signifies an intact adrenocortical stem cell population, it opens up the possibility of regeneration of adrenal steroidogenesis and improvement in adrenal failure for some patients.
The Atrophy of the Professional Role among Teachers from Middletown in Poland. An Analysis of the Phenomenon and Its Determinants.
Authors: Kutyło Łukasz
Published: December 2020

The subject-matter of this paper is the phenomenon of atrophy of the professional role among teachers. The term ‘atrophy’ must be understood as the gradual disappearance of duties binding upon the individual that regulate his/her professional role. In the case of schools, this phenomenon results in the noticeable decrease of teachers’ professional commitment, which makes it difficult or even impossible for these institutions to fulfil their educational and other goals. Sources of the atrophy of the professional role should be sought not only in the individual, his/her mindsets or attitude to work, but also in the environment in which he/she functions. The weakening of intermediary structures seems to play an important role in this process. These are cognitive scripts that potentially increase the likelihood that the individual will be inclined to comply with duties of which his/her professional role consists. These structures are formed as a result of factors such as the impact of the mechanisms of social control on the individual. For the purpose of verifying this assumption, a survey was conducted among teachers (T=131) from three primary schools from Middletown in Poland. The analysis of data acquired from this survey shows that the atrophy of the professional role may be influenced by the weakening of these structures that are responsible for the formation of the sense of purpose of work being performed and the defining of the normative distance.
Experiencing a 20th-century visual artwork – Andy Warhol
Authors: Brajčić Marija , Kuščević Dubravka , Petic Marija
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the results of a research on students' reactions to 20th-century visual artworks. The research involved 300 students attending lower grades of primary school (Grade 1-4) from Split-Dalmatia County. The aim of the research was to examine the reactions of students to the works of the famous Pop Art artist Andy Warhol, using the method of aesthetic transfer. The task of the students was to describe their impression of the observed paintings of Marilyn Monroe and Coca-Cola. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Grade 1 1-4 students react positively to the mentioned artworks. Most of the children accepted the works of the famous artist. Students were expected to react differently to the observed artworks with respect to gender and age, while the research showed that a statistically significant difference existed in only one segment of the research. Additionally, the emotional engagement aroused in students by the observed works was studied. The results in the reception phase show students mostly react emotionally to the observed artworks. Furthermore, the artworks in the reaction phase showed interesting creative variations on the artwork of the famous artist, which means that they inspired the students to a creative aesthetic response. Apart from getting acquainted with 20th-century artworks, we can see from these examples that they can also be a good stimulus for articulating students' own artistic expression. Keywords: students, visual artworks, attitudes, motif, Andy Warhol
Sources of Stress, Coping Strategies with Stress and Job Satisfaction of Teachers in Art Schools
Authors: Ivanković Melita
Published: December 2020

Researches on teachers' stress have shown that stress is an important factor upon which educational process depends (Kyriacou, 2001). In this article teachers in art schools in the Republic of Croatia (N=148) were studied. The aim of this article is to determine which are the sources of stress in teachers at elementary music and dancing schools. Besides, one of  the problems is to observe ways of teachers' coping with stress as well as correlation with job satisfaction of teachers in art schools. Teachers in art schools are mostly satisfied with their work despite the fact that it is a very stressful profession. Sources of stress of teachers in art schools are to some extent similar to sources of stress of the past researches on teachers. Teachers mostly use coping strategies with stress directed to the problem such as problem solving. A positive correlation of positive coping strategies with stress and job satisfaction was also noticed and the highest correlation shows usage of positive coping strategies with stress. A negative correlation of strategies directed to emotions and job satisfaction such as evasion of coping with problem was also observed. The results refer to particularities of art education and encourage for further researches. Key words: coping strategies; job satisfaction; sources of stress; teachers in art fields.
An Empirical Verification of the Integral Development Method for Deaf Children
Authors: Nikolic Gordana Ilija , Radoman Vesna , Dimoski Sanja
Published: December 2020

Empirical findings on the difficulties deaf children face in certain areas of cognitive, conative, emotional and social development served as a basis for The Integral Development Method for Deaf Children. The principles of the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) relating to the importance of sign language, neglected for a long time, provided a wider basis of this method. The first part of the article presents the method in a general way. The research part of the article examined the results of two experimentally controlled workshops. The first workshop examined the effects of various non-verbal stimulation techniques on cognitive development. The second workshop examined the effects of a systematic application of sign language on communicative and educative development. Data in Study 1 were collected by Piaget’s test and in Study 2 we collected by the Communication Competence Scale. The sample consisted of 50 subjects in Study 1 and 60 subjects in Study 2. The subjects were deaf children aged 8 to 12 years. The results confirmed that systematic application of various non-verbal workshop techniques  that   are   suitable   for   deaf   children   significantly contributes to the promotion of cognitive development and that they effectively enhance and accelerate the concrete operational stage. A systematic application of Serbian sign language influenced promotion of Serbian speech language and complete communicative competence as well as higher cohesion of sign language end  speech language communication skills. Sign language also influenced school achievement. Key words: cognitive development; communication; non-verbal approaches; sign language
Math Anxiety, Math Achievement and Math Motivation in High School Students: Gender Effects
Authors: Milovanović Ilija
Published: December 2020

According to the results of previous research, math anxiety is an important determinant of lower math achievement among high school students. Although math anxiety affects both genders, some findings indicate that girls are more prone to its manifestation, but do not explain how the contribution of different math anxiety dimensions to the math achievement depends on the interaction of students' gender and manifestations of math motivation. The aim of this research was to examine the moderation effect of gender in the relation between math anxiety and math achievement mediated by math motivation in high school students. The sample consisted of 514 high school students (45.3% male), aged 15 to 19, from Serbia. The instruments used in the research were the Math Anxiety Questionnaire and Students Motivation to Learn Mathematics Scale, while math achievement was measured as the average grade in mathematics at the end of the first term and at the end of the school year. The results of the moderated mediation analysis pointed out  negative contribution of the math anxiety to achievement in both genders, with a full mediation of Satisfaction among boys, and partial mediation of Satisfaction and Usefulness among girls. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that it is necessary to apply different motivating strategies in order to overcome math anxiety, which depends on students' gender.
An Educational Approach to Elementary School Students’ Free Time
Authors: Martinčević Jasenka
Published: December 2020

The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between sociodemographiccharacteristics and elementary school students’ (grades 5 – 8) estimates of theimportance of particular secondary needs. The sample comprised 196 participants.The starting premise was the concept of “Four wishes” for defining the situation byW. I. Thomas (1863 – 1947). The research instrument used in this research was aspecifically designed questionnaire founded on the four wishes by Thomas: the wishfor security, wish for response, wish for recognition and wish for new experience.The Mann-Whitney U test, factor analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, linearregression analysis, Kruskal Wallis test and correlation analysis were applied.The research results show statistically significant differences in the estimate ofimportance of particular needs with respect to gender, i.e. participants’ age. Acorrelation was established between expressing the importance of the need forsecurity with respect to age, and a positive correlation between recognition andparticipants’ age. Furthermore, a correlation was found between age and expressingthe need for new experience among participants. The research established thatfemale participants have a significantly greater need for recognition.Key words: education for free time: educational approach to free time; students’ needs
Participation of Children in Organized Sports Activities During Preschool and Primary School Period: Research Overview
Authors: Iveković Ivica
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of previous research dealing with the participation ofpreschool and elementary school children in organized sports activities. The paperdiscusses the positive and negative impacts of participation in organized sportsactivities on a child's health and wellbeing and whether free play or participationin structured sports activities is better for a child's motor development. In addition,it discusses how specific sports activities affect locomotor, manipulative andconditioning abilities of children; how the same sports programs can differentlyaffect the development of diverse abilities in boys and girls and how the family andits socio-economic status influence the involvement of children in organized sportsactivities. Former studies have shown that a child's age influences involvementin organized sports activities much more than a child's gender. Differences ininvolvement in organized sports activities between boys and girls are almostnonexistent. Gender differences are manifested when choosing sports activities.Key words: gender differences; locomotor and manipulative abilities; preschool andprimary school children; structured sports activities; urban-rural differences
Octomeria candidae (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), a new species from the Cordillera del Cóndor, Ecuador
Authors: Vélez-Abarca Leisberth , Jiménez Marco M. , Baquero Luis E.
Published: December 2020

A new species of Octomeria from southern Ecuador was found during an investigation on the orchids of the Cordillera del Cóndor. Octomeria candidae is described and illustrated; likewise, information on its distribution, habitat and conservation status is provided. The new proposed taxon is morphologically similar to O. estrellensis, from which it differs by its creeping habit, the narrowly ovate, long-acuminate sepals and petals, and the yellow lip with an acute apex.

Key Words: Mining activities, New orchid species, Octomeria estrellensis, Orchid conservation, Zamora Chinchipe
El COVID-19 y el principio constitucional de solidaridad en las relaciones entre los particulares
Authors: Viglianisi-Ferraro Angelo
Published: December 2020

Si en los ordenamientos democráticos y sociales, el principio de solidaridad ya muestra todo su valor en los «tiempos ordinarios», se vuelve verdaderamente fundamental en las fases de emergencia, similares a la dictada por la propagación del COVID-19. Sin embargo, en ocasiones como estas es necesario que el uso correcto de la cláusula en cuestión deba garantizarse con la máxima precisión, evitando en la medida de lo posible empleos incorrectos. Por supuesto, en los sistemas de civil law es necesario que la tarea de aplicar principios constitucionales como el de la solidaridad social y el de la igualdad se siga confiando ante todo al legislador, evitando la tentación de atribuir a los jueces el poder de llevar a cabo evaluaciones capaces de producir consecuencias perjudiciales, particularmente significativas. El presente artículo trata este tema, centrándose en tres áreas diferentes del derecho afectadas por la reciente pandemia.
From the history of nitrided ferroalloys
Authors: Ziatdinov M. Kh.
Published: December 2020

The article considers research on the history of nitrided ferroalloys appearance and development of technologies for nitrogen-containing steels and ligatures. The most important advantages of nitrogen as an alloying element are its availability and almost unlimited reserves in nature. The technology of nitrogen extraction does not cause any harm to the environment and is not accompanied by the formation of waste. New technologies of nitrided ferroalloys and new compositions of nitrogen-containing ligatures emerged as a response to the creation of new grades of nitrogen-alloyed steels. At the same time, researchers in Europe, the United States, and the Soviet Union made the greatest contribution to the development of nitrided steel and ferroalloys technology. Nitrided ferrochrome emerged from the need for alloying stainless steels of various classes. Nitrided ferrovanadium was created for microalloying high-strength low-alloy steels. For nitrogen alloying of transformer steel, an alloying material based on silicon nitride was developed. Nitrogen-containing compositions based on manganese are universal alloying materials for a wide range of applications. Technologies of nitrided ferroalloys developed in the direction of creating compositions with the maximum nitrogen content with minimal consumption of material resources. Currently, technologies for direct introduction of nitrogen gas into liquid metal during out-of-furnace processing are being successfully developed. Alloying with its solid carriers remains a universal method for smelting nitrogen-containing steels. Nitrogen in nature occurs exclusively in a gaseous form, so for introduction to steel, it is necessary to fix it in the composition of a solid substance. At the same time, such a nitrogen-containing material must be compatible with the steel melt and technological in use. This problem is completely solved by the technology of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), which allows obtaining composite ferroalloys based on nitrides, with properties that are unattainable for the furnace process.
Guideline Adherence in Dyspepsia Investigation and Treatment
Authors: Dugan Katelyn , Ablah Elizabeth , Okut Hayrettin , Srinivasan Sachin , Salyers William
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The impact of dyspepsia guidelines on clinical practice may be poor. Provider adherence with dyspepsia guidelines was examined to determine their impact on clinical practice.

Methods: Provider adherence with the 2005 American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines for the Management of Dyspepsia and the 2017 American College of Gastroenterology and Canadian Association of Gastroenterology joint Dyspepsia Management Guidelines was assessed on a national level using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). Patient visit data, including reason for visit of dyspepsia, diagnosis of dyspepsia, or diagnosis of H. pylori infection from NAMCS years 2012 through 2015, were used. Provider adherence with dyspepsia management guidelines was determined based upon provision of at least one recommended test or treatment for dyspepsia.

Results: Providers appeared to adhere to the 2005 ACG guidelines for 49.7% of patient visits. Providers appeared to adhere to the 2017 ACG/CAG guidelines for 51.0% of patient visits.

Conclusions: Provider adherence with the 2005 ACG and the 2017 ACG/CAG Dyspepsia Management Guidelines was determined to be low in this study, highlighting the need to increase evidence-based medical treatment and efficient resource use for dyspepsia.
A-Z of ancient DNA protocols for shotgun Illumina Next Generation Sequencing v1
Authors: A Fellows Yates James , Aron Franziska , U Neumann Gunnar , Velsko Irina , Skourtanioti Eirini , Orfanou Eleftheria , Fagernäs Zandra , Stahl Raphaela , Andrades Valtuena Aida , Warinner Christina , Haak Wolfgang , Brandt Guido
Published: December 2020

This collection contains established ancient DNA (aDNA) specific protocols for Illumina next generation sequencing. It covers sampling of skeletal remains for regions preserving higher amounts of aDNA, DNA extraction methods designed for retrieval of very short DNA fragments, and various library construction methods (including treatments for the 'removal' of typical aDNA damage). All protocols have been adapted after published protocols (see each for the corresponding original publication), and are used primarily in the Department of Archaeogenetics at the MPI-SHH (Jena, Germany). All protocols in this collection can be used together, and in some cases swapped out with others. All protocols prior indexing are mostly performed in a dedicated ancient DNA laboratory - please see the guidelines section of each protocol for more information. The order of protocols is as follows: 1. Sampling for aDNA Sampling of Pars petrosa (os temporale, ''petrous bones') for human aDNA extraction Sampling of teeth for human and microbial (e.g. pathogen) aDNA extraction Sampling of dental calculus for oral microbiome aDNA extraction 2. Retrieval of DNA Ancient DNA Extraction from Skeletal Material (based on the Dabney et al. 2013 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A protocol) Ancient DNA extraction from dental calculus (based on the Dabney et al. 2013 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A with extra washing steps from Ozga et al. 2016 Am J Phys Anthropol) 3. Library Preparation Library Adapter Preparation for Dual-Index Double Stranded DNA Illumina Sequencing (based on Meyer and Kircher 2010 Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. protocol) Non-UDG Treated double-stranded ancient DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing (requires 3.1, based on Meyer and Kircher 2010 Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. protocol) Half-UDG Treated double-stranded ancient DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing (Variant of 3.2, with partial damage removal treatment from Rohland et al. 2015 Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci) Full-UDG Treated double-stranded ancient DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing (Variant of 3.2, with complete damage removal treatment from Briggs et al. 2010 Nucleic Acids Res) Dual-Indexing of aDNA libraries for Illumina Sequencing (based on Meyer and Kircher 2010 Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. protocol) 4. Preparation for Sequencing Amplification and Pooling for dual-indexed Illumina library for sequencing
QIAGEN RNeasy Plant RNA Extraction Protocol (Modified) v2
Authors: J Burgess Steven
Published: December 2020

This is a protocol for extraction of RNA from plant leaf tissue using a QIAGEN RNeasy Plant Mini Kit. The procedure largely follows the manufacturer's instructions but there are a few minor tweaks we introduced which in our hands were necessary for optimal results. This protocol also includes the on-column DNase I digestion step. The original protocol is attached below Kit: https://www.qiagen.com/us/products/diagnostics-and-clinical-research/sample-processing/rneasy-plant-mini-kit/#orderinginformation RNase free DNase kit: https://www.qiagen.com/us/products/discovery-and-translational-research/lab-essentials/enzymes/rnase-free-dnase-set/#orderinginformation
Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Tidur Pasien Ortopedi Pasca Pembedahan yang Menjalani Rawat Inap
Authors: Maharani Made Yashinta , Masfuri Masfuri , Maria Riri
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKGangguan tidur dapat mempengaruhi penurunan toleransi nyeri, dan pemulihan pasca pembedahan ortopedi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi literatur terkait faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas tidur pasien ortopedi pasca pembedahan yang menjalani rawat inap. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menganalisis artikel yang diperoleh dari database online Universitas Indonesia (ScienceDirect, Clinical Key, SAGE Journals) dan PubMed dengan menggunakan kata kunci Sleep disturbance, factors affecting sleep, sleep quality among orthopaedic patients, sleep on surgical patients, insomnia, sleep, hospitalization. Jurnal yang diperoleh dinilai menggunakan Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), dengan kriteria artikel yang dipilih dalam penulisan ini adalah memiliki desain cross sectional, cohort study, Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT),case control/series dan qualitative Research, full text,open access dan dipublikasi tahun 2014-2019, serta berbahasa Inggris. Hasilnya diperoleh lima artikel kuantitatif dan dua artikel kualitatif. Berdasarkan studi literatur yang dilakukan didapatkan bahwa nyeri, kebisingan, lingkungan (suhu, dan pencahayaan), dan faktor psikologi merupakan faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas tidur pasien pasca pembedahan. Nyeri merupakan faktor terbanyak penyebab gangguan tidur. Pengetahuan perawat tentang pentingnya kualitas tidur dan faktor yang mempengaruhi sangat diperlukan untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya gangguan tidur yang dapat menghambat proses pemulihan pasien pasca pembedahan. ABSTRACTSleep disturbance can reduce patients’ pain tolerance, and interrupt post-operative rehabilitation. This study aims to explore literature relating to factors that affecting sleep quality in post-operative orthopaedic patients undergoing hospitalization. The method used is the study of literature through Universitas Indonesia online database (ScienceDirect, Clinica Key, Sage journals) and PubMed by using sleep disturbance, factors affecting sleep, sleep quality among orthopaedic patients, sleep on surgical patients, insomnia, sleep, and hospitalization as keywords. The acquired journal was measured using Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), with article criteria as follow: cross-sectional design, cohort study, Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), Case-control/series and Qualitative Research, full text, open access, written in English and published years between 2014 and 2019. The results were obtained 5 quantitative journals and two qualitative journals. Based on literature studies conducted, pain, noise, environment (temperature, and lighting), and psychological factors are factors that affecting sleep quality among surgical patients. Pain is the dominant factor that affects sleep. Nurses' knowledge about the importance of sleep quality and factors that cause sleep disturbance are needed to anticipate sleep disturbance in the future that can affect post-operative rehabilitation.
DECOLONIZING GENDER IDENTITIES IN INDONESIA: A STUDY OF BISSU ‘THE TRANS-RELIGIOUS LEADER’ IN BUGIS PEOPLE
Authors: Ismoyo Petsy Jessy
Published: December 2020

Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is one of the pillars of Indonesia that has placed our nation and nationess to a diversity of identity, from genders, tribes, religions, to cultures. Indonesia has a long history of gender diversity that recognized various gender identities as part of the culture. Henceforth, In Indonesia, gender is not perceived in a binary way between male or female, masculine and feminine, without giving the ‘third space’ to other genders and sexuality. For example,  Bugis people recognize five genders: oroané, makkunrai, calabai, calalai, and bissu, which will be examined further in this paper. In reality, a lively debate emerges about “gender pluralism” that is considered not part of Indonesian culture. The rising number of persecution to the minority, including transgender people, has placed them to the most vulnerable groups because of their gender identity. This paper aims to deconstruct the understanding of gender identities in Indonesia through cross-cultural, socio-religious, and postcolonial approaches to develop the cultural history of gender pluralism in Indonesia.  To examine further the decolonization of gender identities in Indonesia, the author identifies the process between ‘desire’ and ‘demand’ in terms of ‘The Colonizers’ and ‘The Colonized’ to see how the ‘dominant discourse represents reality about gender identities. By re-imagining ‘binary opposition’ in the ‘on-going’ process of movement happens in intercultural space, the author revives the ‘intersectional space’ of gender identities in Indonesia, as Edward Soja described ‘Third Space’. Research result showed that Bissu’s existence heretofore left ‘the conceived’ and ‘the Lived’ in the Bugis community; thus, it drifted the limited space given to the Bissu in ‘the perceived’. Consequently, it restricted the development of Bissu’s hybrid identity. Henceforth, the revival of malempu and malebbi were required as an intervention about giving back the power of agency within ‘sign games’ to the Bissu.