bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The CALIFA view on stellar angular momentum across the Hubble sequence
Authors: Falcón-Barroso J. , van de Ven G. , Lyubenova M. , Mendez-Abreu J. , Aguerri J. A. L. , García-Lorenzo B. , Bekeraité S. , Sánchez S. F. , Husemann B. , García-Benito R. , González Delgado R. M. , Mast D. , Walcher C. J. , Zibetti S. , Zhu L. , Barrera-Ballesteros J. K. , Galbany L. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Singh R. , van den Bosch R. C. E. , Wild V. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Cid Fernandes R. , de Lorenzo-Cáceres A. , Gallazzi A. , Marino R. A. , Márquez I. , Peletier R. F. , Pérez E. , Pérez I. , Roth M. M. , Rosales-Ortega F. F. , Ruiz-Lara T. , Wisotzki L. , Ziegler B.
Published: October 2019

We present the apparent stellar angular momentum over the optical extent of 300 galaxies across the Hubble sequence using integral-field spectroscopic (IFS) data from the CALIFA survey. Adopting the same λR parameter previously used to distinguish between slow and fast rotating early-type (elliptical and lenticular) galaxies, we show that spiral galaxies are almost all fast rotators, as expected. Given the extent of our data, we provide relations for λR measured in different apertures (e.g. fractions of the effective radius: 0.5 Re, Re, 2 Re), including conversions to long-slit 1D apertures. Our sample displays a wide range of λRe values, consistent with previous IFS studies. The fastest rotators are dominated by relatively massive and highly star-forming Sb galaxies, which preferentially reside in the main star-forming sequence. These galaxies reach λRe values of ∼0.85, and they are the largest galaxies at a given mass, while also displaying some of the strongest stellar population gradients. Compared to the population of S0 galaxies, our findings suggest that fading may not be the dominant mechanism transforming spirals into lenticulars. Interestingly, we find that λRe decreases for late-type Sc and Sd spiral galaxies, with values that occasionally set them in the slow-rotator regime. While for some of them this can be explained by their irregular morphologies and/or face-on configurations, others are edge-on systems with no signs of significant dust obscuration. The latter are typically at the low-mass end, but this does not explain their location in the classical (V/σ, ε) and (λRe, ε) diagrams. Our initial investigations, based on dynamical models, suggest that these are dynamically hot disks, probably influenced by the observed important fraction of dark matter within Re.
Post-harvest conservation of “Benitaka” table grapes with different SO2−generating pads and plastic liners under cold storage
Authors: Roberto S. , Junior O. , Muhlbeier D. , Koyama R. , Ahmed S. , Dominguez A.
Published: October 2019

This work aimed at evaluating the post-harvest conservation of “Benitaka” table grape by using different types of SO2-generating pads and perforated plastic liners under cold storage. The grapes were harvested from off-season crop 2018 in a commercial vineyard located at Cambira, PR, Brazil. The completely randomized design was used with four replications in a 2-factor arrangement with an additional treatment [(4 × 3) + 1], and the following factors were evaluated: a) SO2-generating pads (slow release containing 7 g of active ingredient – a.i.; slow release containing 4 g of a.i.; dual release containing 5 g of a.i.; and dual release containing 8 g of a.i.); and b) perforated plastic liners (0.3%, 0.9% and 1.0% of ventilation areas). The additional treatment did not contain any type of SO2-generating pad, only standard microperforated plastic liner (1% of ventilation area). The bunches were packed in 0.5 kg-capacity plastic clamshells, which were placed in a corrugated carton box with the different combinations of SO2-generating pads and plastic liners under cold storage at 1 ∘C with high relative humidity (>90%). The treatments were evaluated at 30 and 45 days after the beginning of the cold storage, recording the incidence of gray mold, shattered berries, stem browning, mass loss and berry firmness. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey's test at 5%. The use of dual release SO2-generating pads containing 5 g or 8 g of a.i., as well the slow release pads with 7 g of a.i., are efficient to control the incidence of gray mold in “Benitaka” table grapes packaged in plastic clamshells and kept under cold storage at 1 ∘C up to 45 days. In these storage conditions, the use of perforated plastic liners with 0.3% of ventilation area or the micro perforated with 1.0% of ventilation area, result in the lowest bunch mass loss and shattered berries.
Grapevine adaptation to drought: New candidate genes for the genotype-dependent response
Authors: Cardone M.F. , Perniola R. , Catacchio C.R. , Alagna F. , Rotunno S. , Crupi P. , Antonacci D. , Velasco R. , Ventura M. , Bergamini C.
Published: October 2019

Grapevine requires irrigation supply for its cultivation, especially in the arid and semiarid geographic areas. As consequence of the severe climatic changes, water consumption is becoming more and more important as environmental and cost factor that needs to be reduced. Water deficiency can affect berry and wine quality depending on the extent of plant perceived stress, which is a cultivar specific trait. In a four-year project, we tested the physiological and molecular responses to water deficiency of two different table grape cultivars, Italia and Autumn Royal, and we highlighted that they differently adapted to drought stress conditions. Physiological analyses on field-growth plants showed cultivar-specific variations in photosynthetic carbon assimilation and, stomatal conductance under water deficiency. We further combined “omic” analyses to identify candidate genes involved in drought stress response and adaptative traits. Microarray analyses revealed a broad response of cultivar Italia to drought stress conditions characterized by the modulation of 1037 genes involved in biological processes as cell wall organization, carbohydrate metabolism, ROS response, response to hormone and osmotic stress. On the contrary, Autumn Royal response was limited to the modulation of only 29 genes mainly involved in plant stress response, nitrogen metabolism and hormone signal transduction. Our data highlighted that ABA-perception and –signalling are key factors mediating the varietal-specific behavior of the early response to drought.
Impact of the contact time of different oak wood chips on red wine phenolic composition evolution after bottling
Authors: Jordão A.M. , Costa F. , Fontes L. , Correia A.C. , Miljić U. , Puškaš V. , Nunes F.M. , Cosme F.
Published: October 2019

The main object of the present work was to evaluate the potential influence of the oak wood chips-wines contact time (30 and 60 days) on the evolution of the red wine phenolic composition during storage in bottle. Thus, global phenolic composition, color parameters, and individual anthocyanins of bottled red wines that had previously been in contact with oak wood chips during different times were analyzed. The results obtained demonstrates that in general, after 6 months of bottle storage, red wines with a previous oak wood chips contact time showed a more evident decrease on anthocyanin content, independently of the oak wood chips species used and toasting level. This tendency was also confirmed by the decrease in the values obtained for color intensity anda∗(redness) CIELab coordinate value. However, a positive impact of oak wood chips contact time on wine hue color andb∗(yellowness) CIELab coordinate values, was detected. Thus, after 6 months of bottle storage, red wines that were in a previous contact with oak wood chips (particularly during 60 aging days), exhibited lower color hue andb∗values compared with control wine (without any oak wood chips contact).
Interlaboratory study of ethanol usage as an internal standard in direct determination of volatile compounds in alcoholic products
Authors: Charapitsa S. , Sytova S. , Korban A. , Sobolenko L. , Egorov V. , Leschev S. , Zakharov M. , Čabala R. , Busarova R. , Shestakovich I. , Tolstouhova A. , Ondroušek S. , Vávra J. , Yilmaztekin M. , Cabaroglu T.
Published: October 2019

A collaborative interlaboratory study on the method of direct quantitation of volatile compounds in spirit drinks and alcoholic products was conducted. The discussed method applies ethanol, the major volatile component of an alcoholic product, as an internal standard. In this study 9 laboratories from 4 different countries were supplied with standard solutions for gas chromatographic measurements. Five aqueous ethanol 40% (v/v) standard solutions containing target compounds in concentrations ranging from 10 mg/L to 400 mg/L of absolute alcohol were prepared and sent to the participants for quantification of acetaldehyde, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methanol, 2-propanol, 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol. The interlaboratory study was evaluated according to the ISO 5725 standards and the Eurachem guide. The within-laboratory precision varied between 0.4% and 7.5% for all samples and compounds, showing a sufficiently high repeatability of the method. The between-laboratory precision was found to vary within a satisfactory range of 0.5% ÷ 10.0%. Precision of the method was well within the range predicted by the Horwitz equation for all analytes. The analysis of trueness showed that the bias of the method is insignificant at the significance level α = 5%. The determined concentrations of the analytes compared well to the gravimetrical values thus showing very satisfactory accuracy of the method. The results of the interlaboratory study confirmed that “Ethanol as Internal Standard” method is robust and reliable and can be used as a standard reference method for analysing volatile compounds in water-ethanol samples. The possibilities of method validation according to the previously obtained experimental data were shown.
GIs and the concept of terroir for the development of local wine and sake clusters in Japan
Authors: Kodama T.
Published: October 2019

Geographical indications (GIs) have been increasingly used as a marketing tool to promote collective brand strategy regarding local agriculture and food clusters around the world. GIs can work, when combined with their power of terroir-based brand storytelling, as a common local asset on which local producers can strengthen collective regional brand values of their products and promote the discourse on the attractiveness of terroir of their regions. This function of GIs has increasingly gained attention as a tool for boosting the wine and sake industries in Japan. This paper analyzes the importance and potentiality of utilizing GIs as a marketing tool for terroir-based brand storytelling to revitalize local wine and sake clusters in Japan.
Wine bottle design thinking modelling: An analysis of local wine brands within Urla vineyard road
Authors: Öztürk B. , Ertamay S.İ.
Published: October 2019

Wineries always try different types of marketing strategies such as tasting rooms, promotion through the social media or websites. The main goal is to establish a way to win the consumers' loyalty and to keep them coming back or consuming their brand. In the last decades, the influences of the front and back label on consumers have largely been started to investigate. In this study, the wine bottles produced in the wineries located on Urla vineyard road were investigated in terms of their visual codes. The visual codes were identified in four classes: layouts and composition, typography, illustrations, and colours. Each label investigated based on the semiotics analyses. The findings suggested that the wine labels convey the feeling of tradition, seniority, elegance and history.
Diversity of Pinus sibirica forest types in different bioclimatic sectors of Sayan Mountains
Authors: Danilina Dilshad M. , Nazimova Dina I. , Konovalova Maria E.
Published: October 2019

The typological diversity of the three climatic facies of Siberian pine forests is considered in various bioclimatic sectors of the Prienisseysky Sayans. In each of the Sayan bioclimatic sectors, Siberian pine forests have a number of characteristic features of floristic composition and phytocenotic structure, restoration-age dynamics, productivity, and renewal process.
Multiple Sklerose: Neurorehabilitation und symptomatische Therapie
Authors: Sailer Michael , Lindquist Sabine , Sickert Almut , Lamprecht Juliane
Published: October 2019

Bei multipler Sklerose (MS) sind aufgrund einer frühzeitigen Einschränkung der Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben die Wiederherstellung und der Erhalt der Erwerbsfähigkeit wesentliche Ziele der neurologischen Rehabilitation. Neben den Besonderheiten der MS in der neurologischen Rehabilitation wird in diesem Beitrag unabhängig von der Verlaufsform die rehabilitative und symptomatische Therapie häufiger Symptome dargestellt und in einem Fallbeispiel vertieft.
Notalgia paraesthetica – Ein Review mit Fallbeispiel
Authors: Moll I.
Published: October 2019

Notalgia paraesthetica ist eine relativ häufige periphere sensorische Neuropathie, die mit Juckreiz, Schmerzen, Hyper- oder Hypästhesie einhergeht. Sie tritt lokalisiert unilateral am medio-caudalen Schulterblatt auf und hält meist Jahre an. Die Haut kann rötlich-bräunlich, lichenifiziert erscheinen oder ohne Effloreszenzen.

Als Ursachen werden Irritationen der R. dorsales der Spinalnerven Th2 – Th6 durch Traumen, Degeneration u. ä. postuliert, die bildgebend abzuklären sind. Auch erhöhte Neuropeptide werden diskutiert. Die Therapie ist schwierig und langwierig. An erster Stelle stehen die Therapie der orthopädischen Veränderungen und lokale Therapien mit den üblichen antipruriginösen Substanzen. Auch Calcineurin-Inhibitoren, Capsaicin und Cannabinoid-Rezeptor-Agonisten wirken, jedoch ist mit Rezidiven zu rechnen. Systemische Therapien umfassen verschiedene zentral schmerzmodulierende und antidepressive Medikamente, daneben Botox, UVB oder auch elektrische Stimulationen.
Postoperative Ernährung und Rehabilitation
Authors: Reith Hans Bernd
Published: October 2019

Die Beschäftigung mit Ernährung hat in den letzten Jahren einen neuen Stellenwert in der klinischen Medizin erhalten. Durch Konzepte der Fast-track-Chirurgie und des ERAS wird mehr auf einen adäquaten Ernährungszustand geachtet.

Die postoperative Ernährung benötigt im klinischen Alltag ein standardisiertes Konzept, wie in einzelnen Phasen oder bei verschiedenen Zuständen vorgegangen werden kann und muss. Dabei ist es wichtig, dass man Patienten schon mit einer Prehabilitation an die Rehabilitation heranführt.

Eine Hyper- als auch eine Hypoalimentation sollte unbedingt vermieden werden, ein langsamer Kostaufbau ist mehr als sinnvoll. Dabei darf nicht vergessen werden, dass bei Patienten mit einer Mangelernährung und bei denen, die innerhalb von 5 – 7 Tagen keine adäquate orale/enterale Kost zu sich nehmen können, frühzeitig mit einer parenteralen Ernährung begonnen werden muss.

Die Intensität des Überwachungs- und Unterstützungsaufwands um zu einer korrekten Kalorienaufnahme zu gelangen, ist dabei enorm und bindet personelle Ressourcen. Da aber die Qualitätsverbesserung oberstes Gebot wird, sollte sich gerade für das Problem adäquate Ernährung eine breite Basis finden lassen. Die notwendigen Vorarbeiten sind vorhanden.
Comparison of Approaches to Select a Propensity Score Matched Control Group in the Absence of an Obvious Start of Follow Up for this Group: An Example Study on the Economic Impact of the DMP Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Jacob Josephine , Schmedt Niklas , Hickstein Lennart , Galetzka Wolfgang , Walker Jochen , Enders Dirk
Published: October 2019

Background Claims data are a valuable data source to investigate the economic impact of new health care services. While the date of enrollment into the new service is an obvious start of follow-up for participants, the strategy to select potential controls is not straightforward due to a missing start of follow-up to ascertain possible confounders. The aim of this study was to compare different approaches to select controls via Propensity Score Matching (PSM) using the disease management program (DMP) bronchial asthma (BA) as an example.

Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of BA patients between 2013 and 2016 to examine total one-year health care costs and all-cause mortality. We implemented different scenarios regarding the selection of potential controls: I) allotment of a random index date with subsequent PSM, II) calendar year-based PSM (landmark analysis) and III) calendar quarter-based PSM. In scenario I, we applied 2 approaches to assign a random index date: a) assign random index date among all quarters with a BA diagnosis and b) assign random index date and thereafter examine if a BA diagnosis was documented in that quarter.

Results No significant differences in total one-year health care costs between DMP BA participants and non-participants were observed in any of the scenarios. This could to some extent be explained by the higher mortality in the control groups in all scenarios.

Conclusion If the loss of potential controls can be compensated, scenario Ib is a pragmatic option to select a control group. If that is not the case, scenario III is the more sophisticated approach, with the limitation that baseline characteristics prior PSM cannot be depicted and computational time or memory size needed to conduct the analysis need to be sufficient.
Endoscopic mucosal resection with anchoring of the snare tip: multicenter retrospective evaluation of effectiveness and safety
Authors: Pioche Mathieu , Wallenhorst Timothée , Lepetit Hugo , Lépilliez Vincent , Rivory Jérôme , Legros Romain , Rostain Florian , Bianchi Laurent , Charissoux Aurélie , Hervieu Valérie , Moreno-Garcia Maira , Robinson Philip , Saurin Jean-Christophe , Ponchon Thierry , Viprey Marie , Roche Laurent , Subtil Fabien , Jacques Jérémie
Published: October 2019

Background Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) with snare is the recommended technique to resect non-invasive colorectal neoplastic lesions between 10 and 30 mm in diameter. The objective of EMR is to resect completely the neoplastic tissue en bloc and preferably with free margins (R0), avoiding recurrences. Anchoring the tip of the snare in the submucosa is a technical trick that allows snare sliding to be reduced and larger pieces to be caught. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of anchoring-EMR (A-EMR).

Methods This was a retrospective analysis of A-EMR procedures for lesions of diameter between 10 and 30 mm (endoscopic evaluation) performed consecutively in four French centers between May 2017 and January 2018. A-EMR was routinely performed for all EMR using Olympus conventional snares (10 or 25 mm). The primary outcome was evaluation of the proportion of R0 resections.

Results A total of 141 A-EMR procedures were performed by 10 operators. Mean lesion size was 19.8 mm. Anchoring was feasible in 96.5 % of cases. There were 81.6 % en bloc resections and 70.2 % R0 resections, with the percentage of procedures decreasing with increasing lesion size (82.8 % < 20 mm, 55.3 % 21 – 30 mm, and 50.0 % > 30 mm, P = 0.002). Complete perforations closed endoscopically occurred in 3/141 cases (2.1 %); none occurred in lesions < 20 mm in size (0 /87).

Conclusion The A-EMR technique appears to be promising with a high proportion of R0 for lesions of 10 – 20 mm in size without any perforations. It could also offer an alternative to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), or to hybrid techniques to reach R0 for lesions between 20 and 30 mm in size.
High Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Hepatoblastoma does not Improve Outcome. Results of the GPOH Study HB99
Authors: Häberle Beate , Maxwell Rebecca , Schweinitz Dietrich von , Schmid Irene
Published: October 2019

Introduction The purpose of the German HB99 trial (1999–2008) for hepatoblastoma (HB), was primarily to analyse the effect of high dose (HD) chemotherapy with carboplatin/etoposide (CE) in high risk (HR) patients with extended tumors, vessel involvement, extrahepatic tumor or distant metastases. In standard risk (SR) patients the effect of treatment reduction was analysed.

Methods HR patients received 2 cycles CE at conventional dose, followed by 2 at HD with subsequent autologous stem cell transplantation before delayed surgery. SR patients received 3–4 cycles of ifosfamide, cisplatin and doxorubicin (IPA) and delayed surgery. Analysis was on an intention to treat basis including resection rate, AFP decline, event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). The patients with HD therapy were additionally analysed on an “as treated” basis. The results were compared to historical/published data.

Results Of the 142 patients, the 5-y OS was 58% for the 57 HR patients and 94% for the 85 SR patients. The AFP decline after 2 cycles CE was ≥ 50% in > 90% of the patients. 12/18 (67%) patients treated with HD therapy showed an AFP decline after the first cycle (as treated). Tumor resection was possible in 89% of the patients. The median FU was 7.4 years. Late deaths occurred in 4 patients.

Conclusion Use of HD chemotherapy for HB did not improve patient outcomes, compared to contemporaneous and more recent trials (SIOPEL 4 trial). Reduction of therapy in SR patients was possible without worsening of results compared to previous trials. The tumor response to CE was good. CE can therefore be considered for relapse patients.
A Comparison of One- and Four-Open-Chart Access: No Change in Computerized Provider Order Entry Error Rates
Authors: Scariati Paula , Knapp Herschel , Gray Stuart
Published: October 2019

Objective To assess changes in computerized provider order entry error rates among providers who with less than 24-hour notice were switched from four-chart access to one-chart-only access.

Methods An interrupted time series analysis of emergency medicine providers, hospitalists, and maternal child health providers was performed with pairwise comparison of computerized provider order entry error rates within and between specialties. This retrospective snapshot consisted of four phases. Phase 1 was the baseline 2 weeks where providers were privileged to work with up to four charts open. Phase 2 was the 2-week period where providers were limited to one-chart access. Phase 3 was the 2-week period where providers were returned to four-chart access. And phase 4 was a 2-week period 3 months following the end of phase 3.

Results Analysis of the overall and specialty-stratified cohorts revealed no statistically significant differences in median computerized provider order entry error rates across the four phases (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, α = 0.05). However, statistically significant differences in median computerized provider order entry error rates were detected between the three specialties within each phase of the study (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001).

Conclusion Allowing providers in select specialties to have access to four charts simultaneously does not increase their computerized provider order entry error rates. Significant differences in error rates between specialties suggest the need for further study of the use of standardized order sets, charting, and workflow variations.
Role of Minimal Invasive Spine Surgery Techniques in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures
Authors: Garg Kanwaljeet , Agrawal Deepak
Published: October 2019

Thoracolumbar burst fractures are one of the most common traumatic fractures seen. Management options vary from nonoperative to operative. Among the operative approaches, minimal invasive approaches are gaining popularity. However, all the cases are not suitable for minimal invasive approaches. We discuss the various minimal invasive approaches and their role in the management of thoracolumbar burst fractures.
Disease-directed engineering for physiology-driven treatment interventions in neurological disorders
Authors: Wood Thomas , Nance Elizabeth
Published: October 2019

Neurological disease is killing us. While there have long been attempts to develop therapies for both acute and chronic neurological diseases, no current treatments are curative. Additionally, therapeutic development for neurological disease takes 15 years and often costs several billion dollars. More than 96% of these therapies will fail in late stage clinical trials. Engineering novel treatment interventions for neurological disease can improve outcomes and quality of life for millions; however, therapeutics should be designed with the underlying physiology and pathology in mind. In this perspective, we aim to unpack the importance of, and need to understand, the physiology of neurological disease. We first dive into the normal physiological considerations that should guide experimental design, and then assess the pathophysiological factors of acute and chronic neurological disease that should direct treatment design. We provide an analysis of a nanobased therapeutic intervention that proved successful in translation due to incorporation of physiology at all stages of the research process. We also provide an opinion on the importance of keeping a high-level view to designing and administering treatment interventions. Finally, we close with an implementation strategy for applying a disease-directed engineering approach. Our assessment encourages embracing the complexity of neurological disease, as well as increasing efforts to provide system-level thinking in our development of therapeutics for neurological disease.
New electrical technique for painless, non-invasive blood glucose tests
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: October 2019

A simple capacitive device consisting of a silicon sleeve inside a copper tube shows great promise for monitoring and measuring blood sugar levels in diabetics.
A miniaturized SQUID fabricated on a silicon chip
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: October 2019

A new article introduces a planar SQUID with a broad temperature and magnetic-field operational range made with a single-step lithography process on a silicon chip, which may expand the use and applications for quantum technologies.
Fluid dynamics of cilia on a comb jelly
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: October 2019

Understanding how marine animals interact with their surrounding fluid via hairy structures known as cilia may lead to biomimetic applications in fluid transport and mixing.
Digital transformation of the emergency department-inpatient interface (EDii): integration for future innovation
Authors: Staib Andrew , Sullivan Clair , Cabilan Cara Joyce , Cattell Rohan , Eley Rob
Published: October 2019

As the focus of clinicians and government shifts from speciality-based care to system-based key performance indicators such as the National Emergency Access Target (NEAT) or the 4-h rule, integration between emergency department (ED) and inpatient clinical workflows and information systems is becoming increasingly necessary. Such system measures drive the implementation of integrated electronic medical records (ieMR) to digitally integrate these workflows. The objective of this case study was to describe the impact of digital transformation of the ED–in-patient interface (EDii) of a large tertiary hospital on process measures and clinical outcomes for patients requiring emergency admission to hospital. Data were collected from routine clinical and administrative information systems to measure process and clinical outcome measures, including ED length of stay, compliance with the 4-h rule and in-patient mortality between 28 November 2014 and 28 February 2017. The 4-h rule compliance for all patients, as well as for the EDii group (admitted to hospital excluding short stay ward), declined after digitisation. There were 55 fewer deaths in the postintervention group (15% relative reduction; P = 0.02) and a 10% relative reduction in adjusted mortality as measured by the Hospital Standardised Mortality Ratio for emergency patients (eHSMR), which did not reach statistical significance. Digital deceleration in ED performance did occur with an ieMR rollout, but worsening of key patient outcomes was not observed.

What is known about this topic?
Much has been written about the introduction of electronic medical records (EMRs) in emergency departments. This work sits alongside a substantial body of evidence outlining the relationship between process measures of ED performance and important patient outcomes. However, much less is known about the impact of digital transformation on the complex adaptive system that is the EDii and the impact of digitisation on the vulnerable group of patients who require emergency admission to hospital.

What does this paper add?
The objective of this case study was to describe the effect of a rapid rollout of an integrated EMR. This EMR simultaneously transformed care delivery both in the ED and the inpatient space and impacted on the politically and clinically sensitive performance and outcome measures of the EDii in a large tertiary hospital. The present study is the first that specifically examined the effect of digitisation at the EDii.

What are the implications for practitioners?
The understanding that digital deceleration will occur, but that with good patient outcome monitoring worsening of key patient outcomes is not likely to occur, now holds a key place in digital transformation planning. The measures of the EDii examined in this case study provide a foundation for this montoring.
Adequacy of Australia's GP workforce: estimating supply and demand, 2005–06 to 2015–16
Authors: Dingwall Samantha , Henderson Joan , Britt Helena , Harrison Christopher
Published: October 2019

Objective
A 2011 Australian study calculated average annual general practitioner (GP) utilisation and predicted numbers required to meet demand to 2020. The objective of the present study is to calculate average annual GP utilisation in 2015–16 compared with clinical demand predicted in 2005–06.

Methods
Demand was calculated from Medicare Benefits Schedule, Department of Veterans’ Affairs and Australian Bureau of Statistics data. Length of consultation and average clinical hours worked per week (from 2002–03 to 2015–16) was drawn from GP self-reported data collected through the Bettering the Evaluation And Care of Health (BEACH) program. GP workforce numbers were sourced from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare ‘Medical practitioners workforce 2015’ report.

Results
Predicted demand from 2005–06 to 2009–10 approximated GP supply. Beyond 2011, approximately 2674 additional GPs were required in 2015–16 to maintain the average annual 2005–06 GP workload. An additional 5941 GPs were required to meet the increase in clinical demand (for GP services to patients) from 2005–06 to 2015–16.

Conclusions
The number of GP clinical hours worked decreased, and clinical demand increased. Ongoing efforts are required to ensure the supply of GPs to meet the clinical demand of Australia’s aging population.

What is known about this topic?
For the past three decades there has been concern about the supply of GPs in Australia. In recent years the Australian Government has taken several steps to improve access to GP services by increasing the overall supply of GPs and encouraging a more even distribution of GPs across Australia. A 2011 Australian study calculated average annual GP service utilisation and predicted the number of GPs required to meet clinical demand to 2020. There are current concerns that the GP workforce has reached a state of oversupply.

What does this paper add?
This study concludes that the GP workforce is not in a state of oversupply, confirming that patient clinical demand increased through both population growth and the aging of the population. Although the number of GPs increased, the number of clinical hours worked by (male) GPs decreased. Therefore, the rise in the number of GPs did not result in a proportional rise in GP workforce capacity. Clearly standardised definitions and inclusions for counting the GP workforce would improve accuracy in measuring this section of the health workforce.

What are the implications for practitioners?
GP workforce supply will require ongoing monitoring over coming years considering the increasing population, the aging of the population, declining clinical GP working hours and the approaching mass retirement of older GPs.
Relationship between soil apparent electrical conductivity and forage yield in temperate pastures according to nitrogen availability and growing season
Authors: Cicore P. L. , Franco M. Castro , Peralta N. R. , Marques da Silva J. R. , Costa J. L.
Published: October 2019

Mapping of the apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) can be used to estimate the variability of forage yield within a plot. However, forage production can vary according to the growing season and to soil properties that do not affect the ECa (e.g. nitrogen (N) content). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between ECa and forage yield of tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.) during different regrowth periods and contrasting levels of N availability and then use this information to determine potential management zones. The ECa was measured and geo-referenced in a 5.75-ha paddock that sustained a permanent pasture dominated by tall fescue. In addition, a 30 m by 30 m grid cell size was chosen and 43 sampling areas, each 4 m2 in size, were geo-referenced and divided into two experimental units of 1 m by 2 m, one of which was fertilised with 250 kg N ha–1 (N250) at the beginning of four regrowth periods (spring 2015, spring 2016, autumn 2016 and autumn 2017) and the other was not fertilised with N (N0). At the end of each regrowth period, we estimated the accumulated biomass. During the spring growing season, accumulated biomass was positively associated with ECa in both N0 and N250 treatments (R2 = 47% and 54%, respectively). By contrast, in autumn, accumulated biomass and ECa were poorly associated (R2 = 10% and 27% for N0 and N250). This may be due to seasonal interactions that alter soil–yield relationships. To assess whether ECa can be used to determine management zones, the differences in accumulated biomass were compared through analysis of variance. Results showed that ECa is associated with the spatial distribution of tall fescue forage yield variability in spring at different N availabilities. Thus, ECa can be reliably used for defining management zones in marginal soils under permanent pastures.
Stability of condomless anal sex behaviours of young Black men who have sex with men: implications for HIV prevention, including pre-exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Crosby Richard A. , Mena Leandro
Published: October 2019

Background
Among a sample of young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM), this study evaluated the stability of annually assessing condomless anal receptive sex (CARS) as an indication for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. Further, the study determined the proportion of YBMSM engaging in CARS rarely (defined as twice or less per year) who may thus may be more efficiently protected by condom use rather than PrEP. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a randomised control trial that recruited 600 YBMSM from a sexually transmissible infection (STI) clinic located in the southern US. Of these, 144 met the inclusion criteria for the present study. Only HIV-uninfected men assigned to the control condition, who completed the 12-month period of observation, were included. Results: Correlation coefficients between the baseline level of CARS were 0.16 at the first quarter and 0.09, 0.10, and 0.03 at each successive quarter. Discriminant function analysis indicated similarly weak predictive ability of the baseline measure (r = 0.215; P = 0.16). Of 106 reporting no CARS at baseline, 73 (68.9%) had summed scores of zero (no CARS) over the four follow-up assessments. Of 38 reporting any CARS at baseline, 14 (36.8%) had a summed score of zero for the observation period. Of these same 38, 27 (71.0%) had summed scores of two or fewer events of CARS for the observation period. Conclusion: Among YBMSM, CARS in not a stable behaviour over 12 months. Many YBMSM indicated for PrEP may benefit from be a program concurrently promoting condom use.
Motivations for Using Electronic Cigarettes in Young Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kinouani Shérazade , Leflot Chloé , Vanderkam Paul , Auriacombe Marc , Langlois Emmanuel , Tzourio Christophe
Published: October 2019

Background: The most common reasons why adults use e-cigarettes are to stop or reduce tobacco smoking. However, it is unclear if this reason is evenly distributed between young and older adults. Objectives: describe the motivations for e-cigarette use amongst young adults aged 18–25 and compare the reasons for using e-cigarettes of people who currently or formerly used tobacco products to those who had never smoked tobacco prior e-cigarette use.

Methods: PubMed®, Scopus®, Cochrane Library®, SocINDEX®, PsycARTICLES®, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection® and PsycINFO® databases were used. English written articles were screened up to March 2018. Depending on study design, quality was assessed using The STROBE or RATS checklists.

Results: Six articles were included in the review, all with a moderate quality of evidence. Independently of smoking status, curiosity was the most frequently reported reason for initiating the use of e-cigarettes in young adults. Reasons for continuing to use e-cigarettes were various. The continued use of e-cigarettes could be either a means to replicate smoking habits, or a way for a different and personalized use of nicotine by inhalation.

Conclusions: Reasons for using e-cigarettes in young adults are varied and are not limited to stopping smoking.
Home Induction and Outpatient Treatment of Kratom use Disorder with Buprenorphine-Naloxone: A Case Report in a Young Adult
Authors: Schmuhl Kelsey K. , Gardner Spencer M. , Cottrill Casey B. , Bonny Andrea E.
Published: October 2019

Background: The use of the natural product, kratom, has increased significantly in recent years. The active compounds in kratom have been shown to produce both opioid and stimulant-like effects. While kratom is marketed as a safe, non-addictive method to treat pain and opioid withdrawal, there have been reports demonstrating that kratom is physiologically addictive and linked to overdose deaths. A limited number of case-reports are available describing treatment of kratom use disorder in middle-aged adults, generally in the context of chronic pain and in inpatient settings. Our case is unique in that we describe outpatient treatment of kratom use disorder in a young adult with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and in the absence of chronic pain.

Case: A 20-year-old college student with ADHD presented to an office-based opioid agonist treatment clinic (OBOT) for treatment of kratom use disorder. He was unable to attend inpatient or residential substance use treatment due to work and school obligations. Additionally, he had stopped taking his prescribed stimulant due to cardiac side effects. The OBOT team successfully initiated buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP/NAL) sublingual films via home induction to treat his kratom use disorder. The patient is being monitored monthly with plans to slowly taper his BUP/NAL dose as tolerated.

Discussion: We present a case of a young adult male with kratom use disorder, complicated by a diagnosis of ADHD, successfully treated with BUP/NAL via home induction. The patient is currently kratom-free, reports improved mood and sleep patterns since initiating BUP/NAL, and is able to once again tolerate his ADHD stimulant medication. Healthcare providers should be aware of the use of kratom and consider utilizing BUP/NAL to treat dependence to this botanical drug.
Chamazulene reverses osteoarthritic inflammation through regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and NF-kβ pathway in in-vitro and in-vivo models
Authors: Ma Ding , He Jinlong , He Dapeng
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of chamazulene against IL-1β-induced rat primary chondrocytes and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced osteoarthritic inflammation in rats. Oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and regulatory proteins were measured. Chamazulene significantly reverted (p < 0.05) the levels of lipid peroxidation and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) enzymes against IL-1β and CFA-induced oxidative stress. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were reduced (p < 0.05) in chamazulene treatment against IL-1β and CFA-induced inflammation. Western blot analysis results on the expressions of MMP-3, MMP-9, p65 NF-kβ, iNOS, and COX-2 showed chamazulene was able to protect the chondrocytes against IL-1β-induced osteoarthritic inflammation. Histopathology of rat hind ankle showed chamazulene significantly protected against CFA-induced osteoarthritic inflammation. Therefore, chamazulene can be recommended as a therapeutic agent for clinical trials against osteoarthritic inflammation.
Preface to X IAQVEC 2019: nearly Zero Energy Buildings
Authors: Berardi Umberto , Allard Francis
Published: October 2019

Dear Colleagues,

on behalf of the Organizers, it is our great pleasure and an honor to welcome you to the X IAQVEC 2019: nearly Zero Energy Buildings, which will be held on September 5 to 7 in Bari, Italy.

The Conference was hosted by the Politecnico di Bari and co-organized by three universities, the Ryerson University (Ontario, Canada), the Politecnico di Bari (Italy), the Universita del Sannio (Italy).

X IAQVE 2019 focused on the theme “Healthy nearly Zero Energy Buildings” and envisaged the participation of over 450 scientists, researchers and practitioners and the submission of over 300 papers covering a broad range of topics relevant to the main subjects of Building Science.

List of Scientific Committee X IAQVEC 2019 are avaliable in this pdf.
Controlled inlet airflow in ventilated facades: a numerical analysis
Authors: Pergolini M , Ulpiani G , Shehi O , Di Perna C , Stazi F
Published: October 2019

A research study was conducted to investigate the summer thermal performance of different ventilated façades, by means of experimentally validated numerical simulation. Three ventilated configurations were tested: L, with a lightweight external layer, IM and EM with a massive cladding respectively in the inner and outer side of the air cavity. TRNSYS was used to simulate the thermal behaviour of the façades. Five increasing air speeds were imposed at the inlet (from 0.2m/s to 2m/s). Air temperature and heat flux trends, at different wall positions, were surveyed. The experimentation was carried out on a lightweight and hyper-insulated mock-up in Central Italy. The airflow rate at the inlet was controlled by means of pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled axial fans installed on top of the air gaps. Temperature, air velocity, and thermal flux measurements were collected to validate the model. Simulation results were later post-processed by means of linear regression analysis. As expected, as the airflow speed increased, the air temperature within the cavity gradually and asymptotically decreased. With air speeds above 1.6 m/s, the cavity temperatures in the massive configurations EM and IM settled at around the same value. Further investigation regarded the comparison of the heat flux profiles. The EM prototype was found to outperform the others since it more effectively prevented the heat from entering the test room and allowed a significant heat share to be released, too.
Optimal Night Mechanical Ventilation control strategy in office buildings
Authors: Guo Rui , Hu Yue , Liu Mingzhe , Heiselberg Per
Published: October 2019

Overheating in buildings during summertime, especially in office buildings is emerging as a challenge. Night mechanical ventilation (NMV) seems to be an energy-efficient technique by inducing the cold ambient air with a fan to cool the exposed building thermal mass and save air-conditioner energy for the following day. However, as sufficient cooling energy should be stored in thermal mass at night, the minimum indoor air temperature setpoint is relatively low, which may cause an overcooling penalty. Moreover, the NMV energy consumption may outweigh the energy saved for the air-conditioner at next daytime. Therefore, a multi-objective optimization was conducted to explore the optimal NMV control strategy to improve the building energy performance and indoor thermal comfort concurrently, based on a typical office building with three thermal mass levels in three climate regions. The final optimal NMV control strategies under different scenarios are presented in this study. The results show that the total cooling energy consumption of the final optimal NMV control strategies reduces 0%-8.6%, while the Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) during occupied hours decreases 0%-59.4%, compared to the base NMV control strategy in different scenarios. The benefit of the night cooling control strategy optimization is obvious in cold and medium climate region.
Sensitivity analysis of control strategies for mechanical ventilation in a low-energy apartment building
Authors: Kolarik Jakub , Bojsen Johan , Larsen Mathias J , Zukowska Daria
Published: October 2019

Building simulation tools are increasingly used during design of new as well as refurbishment of residential buildings. However, reliability of simulation is highly dependent on its inputs. The project investigated application of sensitivity analysis on input parameters for simulation of ten different residential ventilation control strategies. Nine strategies comprised demand control (DCV) one used constant air volume. Demand was represented by operative temperature, CO2, relative humidity or their combinations. They were measured either in ventilation exhaust or in particular rooms. Primary energy consumption and quality of indoor environment were evaluated. A low-energy apartment of 93.8 m2 placed in Nordhavn, Copenhagen, Denmark was used as a case study. Investigated input parameters were: heating set-point, occupancy schedule, window opening, internal heat and moisture gains, glazing area, g-value, solar shading and night ventilation. The control strategy capable of providing the best indoor climate (DCV with combination of sensors in individual rooms) was at the same time the most energy demanding. The sensitivity analysis revealed that heating setpoint and window opening were the most crucial input parameters with respect to primary energy consumption. Window opening was also the most influential factor with respect to overheating and moisture. Occupancy had a strongest effect on CO2.
Performance of mechanical filters used in general ventilation against nanoparticles
Authors: Brochot C , Bahloul A , Abdolghader P , Haghighat F
Published: October 2019

Filtration is a simple and effective way to capture particles of different sizes. According to ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2 standard, ventilation filters efficiency is tested for particles ranging from 0.3 to 10.0 μm. To our knowledge, performances of entire filters for nanoparticles are still very limited and particle size of 300 nm is commonly used as the Most Particle Penetration Size (for mechanical media). In order to evaluate the filter performance for nanoparticles, five type of filters (from MERV 8 to HEPA) were evaluated via two measurements: penetration and pressure drop. Results are consistent with previous experimental measurements on media and entire filters. These data show that the range of 150 to 500 nm is a better estimation of the MPPS, unlike the fixed diameter of 300 nm.