bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ziel: Motorradfahren trotz axialer Spondyloarthritis – ein Fallbeispiel
Authors: Horre Thomas
Published: September 2021

Seit 28 Jahren lebt Johannes M.
1
mit der Erkrankung „ankylosierende Spondylitis“. Nach einer Reha ist er frustriert, da sich seine Einschränkungen und Schmerzen nicht verändert haben. Thomas Horre gelingt es, ihn zu einem weiteren Versuch mit Physiotherapie zu motivieren. Anhand einer strukturierten 5-Punkt-Strategie verbessert sich Johannes´ Gesamtzustand deutlich. Motorradfahren scheint nun nicht mehr unmöglich zu sein.
Auswirkungen des Migränezyklus auf tägliche stattfindende manuelle Untersuchungen der Halswirbelsäule bei einer Migränikerin: eine Einzelfallstudie
Authors: Lüdtke Kerstin , Szikszay Tibor , Jülke Markus
Published: September 2021

In einer Studie, in der eine Migränepatientin täglich mit funktioneller Magnetresonanztomografie (fMRT) untersucht wurde, zeigte sich, dass Areale im Gehirn (unter anderem Hirnstamm und Hypothalamus) vor, während und nach einer Migräneattacke anders reagieren. In Anlehnung an diese Erkenntnisse untersucht diese Einzelfallstudie die Abhängigkeit des Migränezyklus auf die funktionellen muskuloskelettalen Veränderungen der Halswirbelsäule.

Eine Probandin mit Migräne wurde 38 Tage lang jeden Abend für ca. 10 Minuten nach einer standardisierten Vorgehensweise untersucht. Ihre Wirbelsäule wurde hochzervikal auf Beweglichkeit geprüft und lokaler sowie ausstrahlender Schmerz notiert. Zusätzlich wurden Druckschmerzschwellen mittels Algometer an vorab festgelegten Punkten bestimmt.

Die Untersuchungen der Beweglichkeit zeigten ein unterschiedliches Verhalten in den einzelnen Phasen des Migränezyklus. 28 % der Messungen, die in der interiktalen (= kopfschmerzfreien) Phase durchgeführt wurden, wurden als hypomobil bewertet. Im Vergleich dazu waren es pre-iktal (= 48 Std vor der Attacke) 6 % und iktal (= während der Attacke) 10 % mehr hypomobile Messungen als interiktal. In der post-iktalen Phase (= 24 Stunden nach dem Ende der Kopfschmerzen) kam es nur bei 18 % der Messungen zu einer auftretenden Einschränkung der Beweglichkeit. Die Reproduktion von Schmerzen verhielt sich in einem vergleichbaren Muster wie die Beweglichkeit, wohingegen die Druckschmerzschwellen zur Einschätzung einer allgemein erhöhten Sensitivität dieses Muster nicht zeigten.

Aufgrund der niedrigen Anzahl an sicher bestätigten Migräneattacken (1/7 Kopfschmerztage), lässt sich kein eindeutiges Fazit ziehen. Jedoch scheinen sich Beweglichkeit, Reproduktion von Schmerz bei manueller Palpation und Druckschmerzschwelle während des Migräne-/Kopfschmerzzyklus unterschiedlich zu verhalten.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection combined with clip for closure of gastrointestinal fistulas including those refractory to previous therapy
Authors: Lafeuille Pierre , Wallenhorst Timothée , Lupu Alexandru , Jacques Jérémie , Lambin Thomas , Camus Marine , Yzet Clara , Ponchon Thierry , Rostain Florian , Rivory Jérôme , Subtil Fabien , Pioche Mathieu
Published: September 2021

Background Gastrointestinal (GI) fistula is a life-threatening condition and a therapeutic challenge. Endoscopic approaches include mucosal abrasion, clip closure, or stent diversion, with moderate success rates in the long term. We assessed whether fistula endoscopic submucosal dissection with clip closure (FESDC) could lead to complete resolution of fistulas even after failure of previous endoscopic therapy.

Methods Patients with GI fistulas, including those with previous failed treatment, were retrospectively included. The primary outcome was long-term (> 3 months) success of fistula healing. Secondary outcomes included technical success, safety, and factors associated with FESDC success.

Results 23 patients (13 refractory 57 %) were included. Tight immediate sealing was achieved in 19 patients (83 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 61 %–95 %). Long-term closure was achieved in 14 patients (61 %; 95 %CI 39 %–80 %), with median follow-up of 20 months. Complications occurred in two patients (9 %). Previous local malignancy (P = 0.08) and radiotherapy (P = 0.047) were associated with a higher risk of failure.

Conclusion This novel FESDC strategy was demonstrated to be safe and feasible for permanent endoscopic closure of GI fistulas. Further studies are warranted to determine the place of this technique in the management of chronic GI fistula.
Periodontal Diseases and COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Authors: Basso Lisa , Chacun Doriane , Sy Kadiatou , Grosgogeat Brigitte , Gritsch Kerstin
Published: September 2021

The aim of this scoping review was to present the existing literature regarding the relationship between periodontal diseases and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping review guidelines was followed. Articles were retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases and screened to include studies relating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 to periodontal cells and/or tissues and/or diseases. Twenty-five papers were included; consisting of six reviews, seven original articles, six short reports, four letters to the editor, one commentary, and one case report. The articles were allocated to three different topics: (i) hypotheses on the relationship between periodontal diseases and COVID-19; (ii) risk factors and comorbidities common to periodontitis and COVID-19; (iii) periodontal manifestations of COVID-19. Certain molecules (angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, furin, cathepsin, TMPRSS2...) that are found at a high level in periodontal tissues, particularly in patients with periodontitis, are involved in the mechanism of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells. Periodontopathic bacteria could also play a direct role in the mechanism of entry of SARS-CoV-2 by cleaving the S-protein, and the cytokines produced during periodontitis could add to the cytokine storm found in the severe forms of COVID-19. It thus appears that the treatment of periodontitis, which allows a reduction in periodontopathic bacteria and of the local and systemic inflammation state, could be part of a strategy to prevent the development of severe forms of COVID-19.
Contraception in Adolescents
Authors: Raidoo Shandhini , Pearlman Shapiro Marit , Kaneshiro Bliss
Published: September 2021

Adolescents are at risk for unwanted pregnancy when they become sexually active, and contraception is an important part of mitigating this risk. Use of contraceptive methods, and long-acting reversible contraceptive methods such as implants and intrauterine devices in particular, has increased among adolescents. Although sexual activity has declined and contraceptive use has increased among adolescents in the United States in recent years, the unintended pregnancy rate remains high. All of the currently available contraceptive methods are safe and effective for adolescents to use; however, adolescents may have specific concerns about side effect profiles and unscheduled bleeding that should be addressed during contraceptive counseling. Healthcare providers should prioritize adolescents' needs and preferences when approaching contraceptive counseling, and also consider the unique access and confidentiality issues that adolescents face when accessing contraception.
Investigation on aerodynamic performance of wind turbine blades coupled with airfoil and herringbone groove structure
Authors: Gao Ruibiao , Chen Kun , Li Yixiao , Yao Weiwei
Published: September 2021

The advantage of wind energy is significant to the improvement of energy structure. This paper is mainly to demonstrate a bionic design for wind turbine blades inspired by the airfoil of owl wing and the herringbone groove structure of owl feathers. The blade of A 200 W horizontal axis wind turbine is taken as prototype blade. The design of bionic airfoil blade is based on 50% and 70% cross section airfoils of owl wing, which is combined with the parameters of the prototype blade. The design of bionic coupling blade is based on bionic airfoil blade, which is coupled with the herringbone groove structure. Numerical simulation is utilized to study the aerodynamic performance of all blades. These simulations utilize an incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver and shear stress transport k–ω turbulent model at different tip speed ratios (TSRs). Results show that the power coefficient (Cp) of bionic airfoil blades is higher than that of prototype blade in the TSR of 6–9; the Cp of bionic coupling blades is higher than that of bionic airfoil blades in the TSR of 6–10. The larger curvature of leading edge of blades leads to larger flow velocity, which leads to the smaller pressure on the leeward surface. The herringbone groove structure enhances the flow attachment by generating vortices, which reduces the pressure on the leeward surface of bionic coupling blades. Compared with the prototype blade and bionic airfoil blade, the pressure difference between the windward surface and the leeward surface of the bionic coupling blade is larger.
Mitigating parametric instabilities in plasmas by sunlight-like lasers
Authors: Ma H. H. , Li X. F. , Weng S. M. , Yew S. H. , Kawata S. , Gibbon P. , Sheng Z. M. , Zhang J.
Published: September 2021

Sunlight-like lasers that have a continuous broad frequency spectrum, random phase spectrum, and random polarization are formulated theoretically. With a sunlight-like laser beam consisting of a sequence of temporal speckles, the resonant three-wave coupling that underlies parametric instabilities in laser–plasma interactions can be greatly degraded owing to the limited duration of each speckle and the frequency shift between two adjacent speckles. The wave coupling can be further weakened by the random polarization of such beams. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the intensity threshold of stimulated Raman scattering in homogeneous plasmas can be doubled by using a sunlight-like laser beam with a relative bandwidth of ∼1% as compared with a monochromatic laser beam. Consequently, the hot-electron generation harmful to inertial confinement fusion can be effectively controlled by using sunlight-like laser drivers. Such drivers may be realized in the next generation of broadband lasers by combining two or more broadband beams with independent phase spectra or by applying polarization smoothing to a single broadband beam.
Drag reduction in turbulent channel flows by a spanwise traveling wave of wall blowing and suction
Authors: Huang Yi , Wang Liang , Fu Song
Published: September 2021

A spanwise traveling wave, generated by blowing and suction at walls, is applied in direct numerical simulations to reduce the drag in a fully developed turbulent channel flow with Reτ≈180. The wave traveling direction reverses periodically to induce a spanwise motion of the flow near the wall, similar to that from spanwise wall oscillations. Such a motion can be approximated by an infinite series of the Stokes layers in an asymptotic expansion. A relation linking the blowing and suction velocity and frequency for the traveling wave is derived to achieve a drag reduction similar to the case with spanwise wall oscillation. A drag reduction of 24% is achieved in the present study. From the analyses of the energy budget of Reynolds stresses, the drag reduction mechanism is found strongly related to the pressure–strain correlations. The reduced wall-normal strain rate and pressure–strain correlation are the main causes of the decrease in energy components of turbulence. The induced spanwise motion also weakens the streamwise strain rate through inclining the vortex structures periodically and modulates the spanwise strain rate through its production term.
Cyclonic and anticyclonic rotation in a cylinder cooled inhomogeneously on the top
Authors: Castaño D. , Navarro M. C. , Herrero H.
Published: September 2021

In this work, we study the development of vortical structures generated in a rotating cylinder non-homogeneously cooled on the top. In the axisymmetric regime, for moderate vertical temperature differences and any rotation rate, cyclonic and anticyclonic rotations coexist in the flow: a counterclockwise motion at upper levels, giving place to a vertical top-down vortex, and a clockwise rotation at lower levels that generates a spin up motion. For lower rotation rates and high enough vertical temperature differences, only cyclonic top-down vortices survive and get stronger. We perform a force balance analysis to explain the phenomena. In the non-axisymmetric regime, no anticyclonic rotation at the bottom is reported and the cyclonic top-down vortex either disappears or splits up in two top-down vortices, depending on the ambient rotation rate. The intensity of the cooling on the top and how localized this cool region is affect the flow developed. When the horizontal temperature difference on the top is larger than the vertical temperature difference between top and bottom, stable axisymmetric top-down vortices with an inner updraft of warmer air are reported. The more localized the cooling above, the more difficult the development of the inner updraft becomes. Results may contribute to the understanding of the relevance of thermal processes in tornadogenesis.
Zinc–hydrogen and zinc–iridium pairs in
β
-Ga2O3
Authors: Pansegrau Christopher , Jesenovec Jani , McCloy John S. , McCluskey Matthew D.
Published: September 2021

Zinc-doped monoclinic gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3:Zn) has semi-insulating properties that could make it a preferred material as a substrate for power devices. Infrared and UV/Visible spectroscopy were used to investigate the defect properties of bulk β-Ga2O3:Zn crystals. As-grown crystals contain a single O-H stretching mode at 3486.7 cm−1 due to a neutral ZnH complex. A deuterium-annealed sample displays the corresponding O-D stretching mode at 2582.9 cm−1, confirming the O-H assignment. A strong Ir4+ electronic transition at 5147.6 cm−1 is also observed, along with sidebands attributed to ZnIr pairs. These sidebands show distinct differences compared with Mg-doped samples; most importantly, several peaks are attributed to Ir4+ paired with a Zn on the tetrahedral Ga(I) site. Annealing under an oxygen atmosphere produced an insulating material with a resistance above 1 TΩ.
Thickness-dependent Raman active modes of SnS thin films
Authors: Yonemori Itsuki , Dutta Sudipta , Nagashio Kosuke , Wakabayashi Katsunori
Published: September 2021

Tin sulfide (SnS) thin films have been reported to show strong layer number dependence on their ferroelectricity and Raman spectra. Identifying the number of layers and stacking structures is crucial for optoelectronic device fabrication. Here, we theoretically study the electronic and phononic properties of SnS thin films using first-principles calculations. We identify the characteristic Raman active phonon modes and their dependence on the number of layers and stacking sequences. The clear separation between surface modes and bulk modes is clarified for SnS thin films. In addition, we have clarified the relation between stacking structures and Raman active modes for bilayer SnS. Our results will serve the experimental characterization of such thin monochalcogenide systems through Raman spectra and will expedite their device fabrication.
Kills in the Darling: assessing the impact of the 2018–20 mass fish kills on the fish communities of the Lower Darling–
Authors: Stocks Jerom R. , Ellis Iain M. , van der Meulen Dylan E. , Doyle Jonathon I. , Cheshire Katherine J. M.
Published: September 2021

Understanding the impacts of extreme events is essential to effective fisheries management. During the summer of 2018–19 millions of native fish died in Lower Darling–Baaka River adjacent to Menindee, New South Wales, Australia. Hypoxia during a period of protracted low flow, triggered by climatic events, was responsible for the fish kills. From June 2019 to March 2020, further broader-scale fish kills occurred throughout ~600 km of the Darling–Baaka River as disconnected refuge pools contracted and water quality deteriorated. This study examined the status of the remnant fish populations, compared the fish assemblage of the Menindee fish death reach with an unaffected reach and monitored change of the fish community over 18 months after the initial fish kills. Significantly lower abundances of Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), bony herring (Nematalosa erebi), carp gudgeon (Hypseleotris spp.) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium australiense) were captured within the Menindee fish death reach compared with the unaffected reach. Varied responses were observed in species abundances within the affected reach in the 18 months after the initial fish kills, attributed to the various life-history traits and reproductive strategies. The results presented highlight a fish community in continued stress. Continued monitoring will guide and track the effectiveness of recovery management interventions in the region.
The Next Steps in Academic Integrity — Education, Awareness, Norms, Duty and Law
Authors: Zhang Yuehong (Helen) , Lin Hanfeng , Zhang Xinxin , Ye Qing
Published: September 2021

We conducted and analyzed several internet surveys in order to understand the profile of global research integrity and ethical awareness, encompassing global population distribution. These were (1) the global distribution of Committee of Publishing Ethics (COPE) membership; (2) the global distribution of “Integrity” or “Ethics” journals; (3) the level of academic integrity awareness in European higher education institutions and (4) awareness of academic integrity in the top universities of Asia and Africa. The results of this survey series highlight seriously imbalanced awareness of research integrity and publishing ethics across the world, especially in developing areas with the highest population density. We therefore propose a new index, the “Academic Integrity Awareness Index” for future discussions across the linked spheres of publishing and research.
Single-ion induced surface modifications on hydrogen-covered Si(001) surfaces—significant difference between slow highly charged and swift heavy ions
Authors: Länger C , Ernst P , Bender M , Severin D , Trautmann C , Schleberger M , Dürr M
Published: September 2021

Hydrogen-covered Si(001) surfaces were exposed to swift heavy ions (SHI) and slow highly charged ions (HCI). Using scanning tunneling microscopy as analysis tool, the ion-induced modifications on the surface were resolved on the atomic scale. SHI were found occasionally to lead to changes which are restricted to one or two Si surface atoms. In comparison, HCI form pits of several nanometers in diameter, depending on the potential energy of the HCI. These observations are in contrast to many material systems for which similar effects of SHI and HCI have been observed. The results suggest a high stopping power threshold for SHI-induced modifications in crystalline silicon with major implications for the application in silicon-based nanotechnology.
Topological characteristic of Weyl degeneracies in a reciprocal chiral metamaterials system
Authors: Li Mingzhu , Song Jie , Jiang Yongyuan
Published: September 2021

Being a research hotspot in the field of topological semimetals, Weyl points (WPs) are monopoles of Berry curvature in momentum space. In this paper, we report the existence of photonic Weyl degeneracies in a reciprocal chiral metamaterials system. Due to the flat dispersion relation of the bulk plasmon modes, Weyl degeneracies here lie right on the critical transition between the type-I and type-II WPs. The photonic ‘Fermi arc’ connects the projection of pairs of WPs at the interface between the metamaterials and vacuum. Despite the bulk equi-frequency surfaces have changed dramatically, the ‘Fermi arc’ always exists. In addition, numerical simulations of topologically protected ‘Fermi arc’ surface states show that the surface waves are not scattered or reflected by the presence of sharp corners. Notably, such metamaterials host either type-I, type-II WPs or triple degenerate points (TDPs) depending on the nonlocal response. Our work provides an ideal photonic platform for studying the closely relation between WPs and other exotic states.
Associations between acute exposures to PM2.5 and carbon dioxide indoors and cognitive function in office workers: a multicountry longitudinal prospective observational study
Authors: Cedeño Laurent Jose Guillermo , MacNaughton Piers , Jones Emily , Young Anna S , Bliss Maya , Flanigan Skye , Vallarino Jose , Chen Ling Jyh , Cao Xiaodong , Allen Joseph G
Published: September 2021

Despite evidence of the air pollution effects on cognitive function, little is known about the acute impact of indoor air pollution on cognitive function among the working-age population. We aimed to understand whether cognitive function was associated with real-time indoor concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon dioxide (CO2). We conducted a prospective observational longitudinal study among 302 office workers in urban commercial buildings located in six countries (China, India, Mexico, Thailand, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom). For 12 months, assessed cognitive function using the Stroop color-word test and addition–subtraction test (ADD) via a mobile research app. We found that higher PM2.5 and lower ventilation rates, as assessed by CO2 concentration, were associated with slower response times and reduced accuracy (fewer correct responses per minute) on the Stroop and ADD for eight out ten test metrics. Each interquartile (IQR) increase in PM2.5 (IQR = 8.8

μ

g m−3) was associated with a 0.82% (95% CI: 0.42, 1.21) increase in Stroop response time, a 6.18% (95% CI: 2.08, 10.3) increase in Stroop interference time, a 0.7% (95% CI: −1.38, −0.01) decrease in Stroop throughput, and a 1.51% (95% CI: −2.65, −0.37) decrease in ADD throughput. For CO2, an IQR increase (IQR = 315 ppm) was associated with a 0.85% (95% CI: 0.32, 1.39) increase in Stroop response time, a 7.88% (95% CI: 2.08, 13.86) increase in Stroop interference time, a 1.32% (95% CI: −2.3, −0.38) decrease in Stroop throughput, and a 1.13% (95% CI: 0.18, 2.11) increase in ADD response time. A sensitivity analysis showed significant association between PM2.5 in four out of five cognitive test performance metrics only at levels above 12

μ

g m−3. Enhanced filtration and higher ventilation rates that exceed current minimum targets are essential public health strategies that may improve employee productivity.
Characterization of Environmental Pollution Associated with the Amalgamation Process Based on the Loss of Mercury
Authors: Cruz Urbano , Vega Eduardo
Published: September 2021

This work addresses the problem of indiscriminate use of mercury, in gold amalgamation and refocusing (burning) processes, an element of high toxicity that cause serious damage to the environment and human health; being a conventional method of treatment of gold minerals for its easy operation and extraction of gold, purpose that allows us to study, the loss of mercury and quantify in the area of greatest influence, (Nasca – Ocoña strip) the impacts of mercurial residues, both on the environment and on the mining worker and its environment. proposes new alternatives for the treatment of gold ore that allow the gradual reduction of the use of mercury and cyanide; assesses the working conditions of miners who are currently operating in the research-delimited area. Swipe to gravimetric concentration as an environmentally friendly technology, layers to replace the amalgamation process and avoid relaves with high mercury.
Hydrogen Production by Combined Fermentation of Wild Taro and Surplus Sludge
Authors: Xin Chen , Tian Chai , Hongda Zhu , Haiyan Fu , Yuezheng Jin , Yicheng Wu
Published: September 2021

In order to alleviate the energy problem in the world, wild taro and residual sludge were used as the substrate for joint fermentation, and the effects of different pretreatment methods of wild taro on the joint fermentation system were studied to find the best reaction conditions, and the fermentation products were analyzed by using meteorological chromatograph. The experimental results show that the residual sludge after heat treatment can inhibit the activity of methanogens, so as to increase the yield of hydrogen. At the same time, it was found that the complex macromolecules such as cellulose rich in the wild taro could be effectively decomposed after the pre-treatment, releasing a large number of carbon sources, regulating the C/N of the anaerobic fermentation system, improving the activity of the anaerobic microorganisms in the system, so as to obtain the highest hydrogen production. When the pretreatment pH was 11 and the treatment time was 24h, the maximum gas production reached 203.5 mL, including 49.25 mL hydrogen and 24.2% hydrogen concentration.
Complex information systems configuration using ISACA Design Guide into an Axiomatic Design approach
Authors: Purice Eugen , Dusa Petru , Cretu Laurentiu , Cacu Adrian , Dodun Oana , Slatineanu Laurentiu
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the process of designing a customized governance solution for an enterprise information system using COBIT framework guidelines and an axiomatic design approach. COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and related Technology) is a generally accepted framework created by the ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association) for governing and managing enterprise information and technology (IT). COBIT framework can be applied to any organization in any industry and was designed to help deliver value while managing better the risks associated with the IT processes. On the other side, the Axiomatic Design (AD) theory involves a continuous interplay between the design objectives (the needs/what we want to achieve) and the means capable of reaching those objectives (how we want to achieve) to determine the best configuration capable of satisfying the design intend. The AD theory requires a description of the design's objectives in terms of specific requirements, called Functional Requirements (FR). The development of a complete solution to a given problem starts by mapping the FRs to Design Parameters (DPs) in the solution domain. ISACA Design Guide proposes ten (10) Design Factors and forty (40) Governance Objectives; each objective (a set of Functional Requirements) can be achieved through several combinations of Design Parameters. From the Axiomatic Design theory perspective, this determines a coupled matrix. To decouple the matrix, the profile of each design factor is drawn, and the sub-factors will be taken only once within the factor where the sub-factor has the highest weight. A case study is presented.
Continuous Product Concept Improvement for Integrated Systems: A 3-D Printer Hardware Improvement Case
Authors: Vashi Yash , Wang Chu-Yi , Karampure Rutuja , Lu Stephen
Published: September 2021

The advent of globalization and technology has led to proliferation of integrated hardware and software systems such as personal computers, and smartphones while legacy systems such as automobile are increasingly incorporating software technology into their products. The demanding consumer requirements compel companies to deliver improved products on short timelines. Therefore, a partial product improvement process would assist designer in meeting this demand. This paper focuses on uncovering the drawbacks of an integrated system and suggests a methodology to improve its shortcomings. We develop a conceptual framework that highlights the key steps that a designer can consider when performing continuous product development: functional model construction, concept improvement, and improvement strategy. This paper uses a case of an FFF 3D Printer system to demonstrate the method.
Axiomatic design of a man-machine interface for Alzheimer’s patient care
Authors: Navarro-Tuch Sergio A. , Gammack Jack , Kang David , Kim Sang-Gook
Published: September 2021

Axiomatic thinking framework is used to develop a novel concept of “Care-Toy,” which helps caregivers of Alzheimer’s and dementia patients by providing much needed respite for themselves without compromising patients’ safety. “Care-Toy” interacts with a patient via stimulating images and sounds for touch interactions, actively keeping the patient’s attention for a needed duration as well as monitoring the patient’s status or alerting the caregiver if necessary. Systems solution for this concept could be effectively elaborated with the Axiomatic Design framework, leading to the development of a key module intended for measuring and maintaining the attention of the patient during the respite of caregivers. Gaze detection is the key module based on deep learning-based facial recognition system to monitor whether “Care-Toy” attracts the patient’s interest and maintains attention, otherwise to alert the caregiver. The module-junction structure could be derived from the decomposed functional requirement (FR)-design parameter (DP) tree structure and design matrices of them, which effectively defines the software system structure for this product.
Technical Design Approach for Autonomous Outdoor Transport Systems based on an Extension of Axiomatic Design using Metrics
Authors: Clauer D , Fottner J , Rauch E , Roman G , Irrenhauser T
Published: September 2021

This contribution focuses on the technical design of autonomous outdoor transport systems operating on factory premises. Outdoor applications present a high degree of complexity, which is reflected in the technical design of these vehicles. The requirements they must fulfill are higher than for indoor applications. Hence, the results of the technical design are crucial to enable the correct use of such systems. Axiomatic Design hereby offers a methodological basis for the systematic derivation of solution parameters for the technical design of autonomous outdoor transport systems. Functional metrics are introduced in addition to the conventional Axiomatic Design method to support the formulation of functional requirements and to reduce the subjectivity in the design process. The technical design approach that was developed is applied in the form of a framework.
Developing functional requirements for Temporary Housing by integrating Axiomatic Design with the 5 Gaps Model of Service Quality
Authors: Pezzica C , Bleil de Souza C , Dunichkin I V
Published: September 2021

Temporary Housing (TH) schemes are a controversial component of post-disaster recovery plans, and yet they offer a fundamental service to the homeless population. Their sustainability should be understood and addressed in terms of service quality for all clients, rather than as a matter of product engineering. Since the evaluation of service quality is different from that of goods, value in TH assistance should be measured according to how well it matches clients’ expectations. This paper adopts the 5 gaps model of service quality as a framework for TH quality assurance and advances that closing the current performance gap requires tackling issues in the briefing, design, project execution and conformance phases, as well as in communication. Against this background, engineering methods such as Axiomatic Design (AD) can effectively be exploited to reduce the gap between what people want and what they get, considering the needs and objectives from humanitarian actors. Results indicate that AD can reveal conflicts and potential for cooperation between the many “clients” of TH, via the joint analysis of their different needs, and the associated Functional Requirements (FRs) and illustrates via a post-factum analysis what mechanisms need to be in place to ensure better preparedness for future disasters.
Development of moulds for thermoforming using FFF additive manufacturing and axiomatic design
Authors: Boca M A , Slatineanu L , Sover A
Published: September 2021

Additive manufacturing processes are mainly used for prototype production. However, an innovative approach consists of producing moulds or tools, which can be used for other traditional manufacturing processes. The main problem with these plastic moulds is that they cannot achieve the traditional metallic moulds properties and quality. By using an axiomatic design, the study analyses different approaches available on the market and other unconventional alternatives, thus making it possible to meet the functional requirements. The obtained methodology presents advantages in production cost and time compared to traditional processes, allowing quick production with a high degree of flexibility in the design of the mould. Thus, the printed moulds obtained were tested, and the preliminary results for different process conditions were presented.
A methodological approach for strategic evaluation - a response to water scarcity emergency
Authors: Cavique Miguel , Mourão Antonio , Seixas Julia , Gonçalves-Coelho Antonio
Published: September 2021

The goal of the Paris Agreement to limit the increase of temperature may become an illusion. Within 20 to 30 years, Southern Europe may experience hot waves and broad dry periods. Water scarcity may turn into reality, and the Defense structures of each country must prepare for it. The Scenario has high uncertainty as well as what the response to the hazards might be. The Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) allows to handle uncertainty, and the Axiomatic Design (AD) is a tool to do good designs. This paper presents a methodological approach to handle with forthcoming events. It defines what is a scenario using the structured AD frame, defined by constraints and needs. In addition, it presents an approach to compute information for different developments of the design. Thus, it describes a Defense strategy to "provide the basic water needs to the population". The DST method is used to achieve belief and plausibility measures of the probability of success. Currently, the belief in the success of a response to hazards is almost zero. Plausibility can go up to 0.65 by defining a reaction structure, improving the technology, manufacturing new products.
Design Matrix as starting point to assess product sustainability
Authors: Rizzuti S , De Napoli L
Published: September 2021

Product development is a time-consuming activity trying to answer, at best, the demanding customer needs. In general, the design of an industrial product needs several competencies that work conjointly, in the respect of many constraints that urge from the firm' departments. Last but not least sustainability is gaining a relevant role, since the recent past, and absolutely not deferred for the destiny of humankind on earth in the future. Design Matrix is the first array that designers should compose in order to verify the feasibility of product architecture since it put in relation functional requirements and design parameters. Clearly, designers are really far from the embodiment of valid proposals, at this moment. It is necessary to map this information to other data structures that allow them to follow the evolving architectural work, in which physical components or effective parts perform the actions that satisfy functional requirements. Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is a promising data structure that shows the relationship among all subsystems that compose the developing product. This structure can be arranged also to collect all the environmental parameters or indicators in order to have a rough sustainability assessment since the early design phases. The paper will discuss such kind of relation and apply it to a case study in order to clarify it.
Axiomatic design of matrix production systems
Authors: Foith-Förster Petra , Bauernhansl Thomas
Published: September 2021

Manufacturing companies are operating in a turbulent business ecosystem that demands for product variety, product mix flexibility, volume scalability and high efficiency. Personalized production arises as new production paradigm to replace mass personalization and changeable matrix production systems are well suitable to cope with the challenges of this new production paradigm. In this paper, a method to design the value-add process modules of a matrix production systems is presented. The method is based on Axiomatic Design. The approach works process oriented, pursues a modular layout, and a flexible material flow in the production system. The paper concludes with a validation of the method performed in an industrial use case.
Collaborative Engineering definition: Distinguishing it from Concurrent Engineering through the complexity and semiotics lenses
Authors: Putnik Goran D. , Putnik Zlata , Shah Vaibhav , Varela Leonilde , Ferreira Luis , Castro Helio , Catia Alves , Pinheiro Pedro
Published: September 2021

A contribution to the definition of Collaborative Engineering (ColE), together with the definition itself, are presented. The need for a more rigorous definition is due to the fact that the Collaborative Engineering (ColE) definitions in literature within the so-called "classical" discourse in fact could be reduced to the Concurrent Engineering (CE), making synonymy between the two terms. However, the need for distinguishing the semantic contents of the two terms and concepts, Collaborative Engineering and Concurrent Engineering, could be understood to be driven mainly by new, emergent, organizational and management concepts that refer to new features required for the engineering design organizational and management approaches. The two new, emerging theories and paradigms, that inform design and practice of new, emerging engineering design theories, approaches and practices, and based on which the definition of the Collaborative Engineering is proposed are the complexity theory and semiotics, in particular the complexity management in organizations and organizational semiotics.
On the multidimensional Nazarov lemma
Authors: Vasilyev Ioann
Published: September 2021

We prove a multidimensional version of the Nazarov lemma. The proof is based on an appropriate generalisation of the regularised system of intervals introduced by J. Mashreghi, F.L. Nazarov, and V.P. Khavin.
Cohomology of finite tensor categories: Duality and Drinfeld centers
Authors: Negron Cris , Plavnik Julia
Published: September 2021

We consider the finite generation property for cohomology of a finite tensor category

C

\mathscr {C}

, which requires that the self-extension algebra of the unit

\operatorname {Ext}^\text {\tiny ∙

}_\mathscr {C}(\mathbf {1},\mathbf {1}) is a finitely generated algebra and that, for each object

V
V

in

C

\mathscr {C}

, the graded extension group

\operatorname {Ext}^\text {\tiny ∙

}_\mathscr {C}(\mathbf {1},V) is a finitely generated module over the aforementioned algebra. We prove that this cohomological finiteness property is preserved under duality (with respect to exact module categories) and taking the Drinfeld center, under suitable restrictions on

C

\mathscr {C}

. For example, the stated result holds when

C

\mathscr {C}

is a braided tensor category of odd Frobenius-Perron dimension. By applying our general results, we obtain a number of new examples of finite tensor categories with finitely generated cohomology. In characteristic

0
0

, we show that dynamical quantum groups at roots of unity have finitely generated cohomology. We also provide a new class of examples in finite characteristic which are constructed via infinitesimal group schemes.
Distinct responses of growth and respiration to growth temperatures in two mangrove species
Authors: Inoue Tomomi , Akaji Yasuaki , Noguchi Ko
Published: September 2021

Background and Aims

Mangrove plants are mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical tidal flats, and their limited distribution may be related to their responses to growth temperatures. However, the mechanisms underlying these responses have not been clarified. Here, we measured the dependencies of the growth parameters and respiration rates of leaves and roots on growth temperatures in typical mangrove species.

Methods

We grew two typical species of Indo-Pacific mangroves, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa, at four different temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) by irrigating with fresh water containing nutrients, and we measured growth parameters, chemical composition, and leaf and root O2 respiration rates. We then estimated the construction costs of leaves and roots and the respiration rates required for maintenance and growth.

Key Results

The relative growth rates of both species increased with growth temperature due to changes in physiological parameters such as net assimilation rate and respiration rate rather than to changes in structural parameters such as leaf area ratio. Both species required a threshold temperature for growth (12.2 °C in B. gymnorrhiza and 18.1 °C in R. stylosa). At the low growth temperature, root nitrogen uptake rate was lower in R. stylosa than in B. gymnorrhiza, leading to a slower growth rate in R. stylosa. This indicates that R. stylosa is more sensitive than B. gymnorrhiza to low temperature.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the mangrove species require a certain warm temperature to ensure respiration rates sufficient for maintenance and growth, particularly in roots. The underground temperature probably limits their growth under the low-temperature condition. The lower sensitivity of B. gymnorrhiza to low temperature shows its potential to adapt to a wider habitat temperature range than R. stylosa. These growth and respiratory features may explain the distribution patterns of the two mangrove species.
PredMS: a random forest model for predicting metabolic stability of drug candidates in human liver microsomes
Authors: Ryu Jae Yong , Lee Jeong Hyun , Lee Byung Ho , Song Jin Sook , Ahn Sunjoo , Oh Kwang-Seok
Published: September 2021

Motivation

Poor metabolic stability leads to drug development failure. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the metabolic stability of small compounds for successful drug discovery and development. However, evaluating metabolic stability in vitro and in vivo is expensive, time-consuming and laborious. In addition, only a few free software programs are available for metabolic stability data and prediction. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a prediction model that predicts the metabolic stability of small compounds.

Results

We developed a computational model, PredMS, which predicts the metabolic stability of small compounds as stable or unstable in human liver microsomes. PredMS is based on a random forest model using an in-house database of metabolic stability data of 1917 compounds. To validate the prediction performance of PredMS, we generated external test data of 61 compounds. PredMS achieved an accuracy of 0.74, Matthew’s correlation coefficient of 0.48, sensitivity of 0.70, specificity of 0.86, positive predictive value of 0.94 and negative predictive value of 0.46 on the external test dataset. PredMS will be a useful tool to predict the metabolic stability of small compounds in the early stages of drug discovery and development.

Availability and implementation

The source code for PredMS is available at https://bitbucket.org/krictai/predms, and the PredMS web server is available at https://predms.netlify.app.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Image enhancement to leverage the 3D morphological reconstruction of single-cell neurons
Authors: Guo Shuxia , Zhao Xuan , Jiang Shengdian , Ding Liya , Peng Hanchuan
Published: September 2021

Motivation

To digitally reconstruct the 3D neuron morphologies has long been a major bottleneck in neuroscience. One of the obstacles to automate the procedure is the low signal-background contrast (SBC) and the large dynamic range of signal and background both within and across images.

Results

We developed a pipeline to enhance the neurite signal and to suppress the background, with the goal of high SBC and better within- and between-image homogeneity. The performance of the image enhancement was quantitatively verified according to the different figures of merit benchmarking the image quality. In addition, the method could improve the neuron reconstruction in approximately 1/3 of the cases, with very few cases of degrading the reconstruction. This significantly outperformed three other approaches of image enhancement. Moreover, the compression rate was increased five times by average comparing the enhanced to the raw image. All results demonstrated the potential of the proposed method in leveraging the neuroscience by providing better 3D morphological reconstruction and lower cost of data storage and transfer.

Availability and implementation

The study is conducted based on the Vaa3D platform and python 3.7.9. The Vaa3D platform is available on the GitHub (https://github.com/Vaa3D). The source code of the proposed image enhancement as a Vaa3D plugin, the source code to benchmark the image quality and the example image blocks are available under the repository of vaa3d_tools/hackathon/SGuo/imPreProcess. The original fMost images of mouse brains can be found at the BICCN’s Brain Image Library (BIL) (https://www.brainimagelibrary.org).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
International multicentre propensity score-matched analysis comparing robotic versus laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy
Authors: Chiow Adrian K H , Fuks David , Choi Gi-Hong , Syn Nicholas , Sucandy Iswanto , Marino Marco V , Prieto Mikel , Chong Charing C , Lee Jae Hoon , Efanov Mikhail , Kingham T Peter , Choi Sung Hoon , Sutcliffe Robert P , Troisi Roberto I , Pratschke Johann , Cheung Tan-To , Wang Xiaoying , Liu Rong , D’Hondt Mathieu , Chan Chung-Yip , Tang Chung Ngai , Han Ho-Seong , Goh Brian K P ,   International Robotic and Laparoscopic Liver Resection Study Group collaborators, D’Silva M , Schotte H , De Meyere C , Lai E , Krenzien F , Schmelzle M , Kadam P , Montalti R , Giglio M , Liu Q , Lee K F , Salimgereeva D , Alikhanov R , Lee L-S , Gastaca M , Jang J Y
Published: September 2021

Background

Minimally invasive right posterior sectionectomy (RPS) is a technically challenging procedure. This study was designed to determine outcomes following robotic RPS (R-RPS) and laparoscopic RPS (L-RPS).

Methods

An international multicentre retrospective analysis of patients undergoing R-RPS versus those who had purely L-RPS at 21 centres from 2010 to 2019 was performed. Patient demographics, perioperative parameters, and postoperative outcomes were analysed retrospectively from a central database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed, with analysis of 1 : 2 and 1 : 1 matched cohorts.

Results

Three-hundred and forty patients, including 96 who underwent R-RPS and 244 who had L-RPS, met the study criteria and were included. The median operating time was 295 minutes and there were 25 (7.4 per cent) open conversions. Ninety-seven (28.5 per cent) patients had cirrhosis and 56 (16.5 per cent) patients required blood transfusion. Overall postoperative morbidity rate was 22.1 per cent and major morbidity rate was 6.8 per cent. The median postoperative stay was 6 days. After 1 : 1 matching of 88 R-RPS and L-RPS patients, median (i.q.r.) blood loss (200 (100–400) versus 450 (200–900) ml, respectively; P < 0.001), major blood loss (> 500 ml; P = 0.001), need for intraoperative blood transfusion (10.2 versus 23.9 per cent, respectively; P = 0.014), and open conversion rate (2.3 versus 11.4 per cent, respectively; P = 0.016) were lower in the R-RPS group. Similar results were found in the 1 : 2 matched groups (66 R-RPS versus 132 L-RPS patients).

Conclusion

R-RPS and L-RPS can be performed in expert centres with good outcomes in well selected patients. R-RPS was associated with reduced blood loss and lower open conversion rates than L-RPS.