bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics simulations of ion beam irradiation on graphene/MoS2 heterostructure
Authors: Wu Xin , Zhu Xiaobao
Published: October 2021

The interaction between ion irradiation and two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures is important for the performance modulation and application realization, while few studies have been reported. This paper investigates the influence of Ar ion irradiation on graphene/MoS2 heterostructure by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The generation of defects is studied at first by considering the influence factors (i.e., irradiation energy, dose, stacking order, and substrate). Then uniaxial tensile test simulations are conducted to uncover the evolution of the mechanical performance of graphene/MoS2 heterostructure after being irradiated by ions. At last, the control rule of interlayer distance in graphene/MoS2 heterostructure by ion irradiation is illustrated for the actual applications. This study could provide important guidance for future application in tuning the performance of graphene/MoS2 heterostructure-based devices by ion beam irradiation.
Exercise effects on muscle quality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Radaelli Régis , Taaffe Dennis R. , Newton Robert U. , Galvão Daniel. A. , Lopez Pedro
Published: October 2021

To systematically review and analyse the effects of exercise on morphological and neuromuscular muscle quality (MQ) outcomes in older adults and assess a range of possible moderators that may affect the impact of exercise on MQ outcomes. Using PRISMA guidelines, randomised controlled trials were searched in CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, MedNar, OpenGrey and OpenThesis databases. Eligible trials examined the effects of exercise interventions on morphological and neuromuscular MQ in older adults (≥ 60 years). Twenty-one trials (n = 973 participants) were included. Exercise significantly improved morphological MQ (effect size (ES) = 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.51, P < 0.001) with significant results maintained for studies assessing muscle density and intermuscular adipose tissue (ES = 0.45–0.52, P < 0.05). For neuromuscular MQ, exercise provided significant positive effects (ES = 0.49, 95% CI 0.29–0.69, P < 0.001) but only maintained for physically healthy participants (ES = 0.43, P < 0.001), resistance exercise interventions (ES = 0.64, P < 0.001), or studies assessing 1-RM or knee extensor isokinetic muscle strength relative to leg lean mass (ES = 0.48–0.62, P = 0.001). Associations between exercise duration and changes in MQ measures were not observed (P > 0.05). Supervised exercise interventions significantly improved different measures of MQ regardless of exercise duration, although these effects were small-to-moderate and not supported across all population-, exercise-, and methods-related features.
A splicing variant of TFEB negatively regulates the TFEB-autophagy pathway
Authors: Park Jee-Yun , Sohn Hee-Young , Koh Young Ho , Jo Chulman
Published: October 2021

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Here, we cloned a novel splicing variant of TFEB, comprising 281 amino acids (hereafter referred to as small TFEB), and lacking the helix-loop-helix (HLH) and leucine zipper (LZ) motifs present in the full-length TFEB (TFEB-L). The TFEB variant is widely expressed in several tissues, including the brain, although its expression level is considerably lower than that of TFEB-L. Intriguingly, in cells stably expressing small TFEB, the expression profile of genes was inverted compared to that in cells ectopically expressing TFEB-L. In addition, fisetin-induced luciferase activity of promoter containing either coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) element or antioxidant response element (ARE) was significantly repressed by co-transfection with small TFEB. Moreover, fisetin-mediated clearance of phosphorylated tau or α-synuclein was attenuated in the presence of small TFEB. Taken together, the results suggest that small TFEB is a novel splicing variant of TFEB that might act as a negative regulator of TFEB-L, thus fine tuning the activity of ALP during cellular stress.
Formalin fumigation and steaming of various composts differentially influence the nutrient release, growth and yield of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam , Ali Muhammad Arif , Smith Donald L. , Masood Sajid , Qayyum Muhammad Farooq , Ahmed Niaz , Rehman Ateeq ur , Ahmad Shakeel , Hussain Sajjad , Arshad Muhammad , Muneer Summia , Khan Aqib Hassan Ali , Fahad Shah , Datta Rahul , Iqbal Mazhar , Schwinghamer Timothy D.
Published: October 2021

Nutrient disorder and presence of disease-causing agents in soilless media negatively influence the growth of muskmelon. To combat these issues, use of environmentally-friendly sanitation techniques is crucial for increased crop productivity. The study was conducted under greenhouse and field conditions to investigate the effect of two different sanitation techniques: steaming and formalin fumigation on various media’s characteristics and their impact on muskmelon yield. Media: jantar, guar, wheat straw and rice hull and peat moss of 10% air-filled porosity and sanitized with formalin and steaming. Steaming of guar, jantar, and wheat straw increased the phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations by 13.80–14.86% and 6.22–8.45% over formalin fumigation. Likewise, P and K concentrations in muskmelon were higher under steaming. Steaming significantly inhibited the survival ofFusariumwilt sp.melonis, root knot nematode sp.meloidogyneand nitrifying bacteria in media than formalin fumigation. In conclusion, steaming decreased the prevalence of nitrifying bacteria and pathogens which thus improved the NO3−–N:NH4+–N ratios, P and K nutritional balance both in the media and muskmelon transplants. Hence, steaming as an environment-friendly approach is recommended for soilless media. Further, optimization of steaming for various composts with different crops needs to be investigated with steaming teachnique.
Five-second STEM dislocation tomography for 300 nm thick specimen assisted by deep-learning-based noise filtering
Authors: Zhao Yifang , Koike Suguru , Nakama Rikuto , Ihara Shiro , Mitsuhara Masatoshi , Murayama Mitsuhiro , Hata Satoshi , Saito Hikaru
Published: October 2021

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is suitable for visualizing the inside of a relatively thick specimen than the conventional transmission electron microscopy, whose resolution is limited by the chromatic aberration of image forming lenses, and thus, the STEM mode has been employed frequently for computed electron tomography based three-dimensional (3D) structural characterization and combined with analytical methods such as annular dark field imaging or spectroscopies. However, the image quality of STEM is severely suffered by noise or artifacts especially when rapid imaging, in the order of millisecond per frame or faster, is pursued. Here we demonstrate a deep-learning-assisted rapid STEM tomography, which visualizes 3D dislocation arrangement only within five-second acquisition of all the tilt-series images even in a 300 nm thick steel specimen. The developed method offers a new platform for various in situ or operando 3D microanalyses in which dealing with relatively thick specimens or covering media like liquid cells are required.
Preventing adolescent synaptic pruning in mouse prelimbic cortex via local knockdown of α4βδ GABAA receptors increases anxiety response in adulthood
Authors: Evrard Matthew R. , Li Michael , Shen Hui , Smith Sheryl S.
Published: October 2021

Anxiety is increasingly reported, especially in adolescent females. The etiology is largely unknown, which limits effective treatment. Layer 5 prelimbic cortex (L5PL) increases anxiety responses but undergoes adolescent synaptic pruning, raising the question of the impact of pruning on anxiety. Here we show that preventing L5PL pruning increases anxiety in response to an aversive event in adolescent and adult female mice. Spine density of Golgi-stained neurons decreased ~ 63% from puberty (~ PND35, vaginal opening) to post-puberty (PND56, P < 0.0001). Expression of α4βδ GABAA receptors (GABARs) transiently increased tenfold in L5PL at puberty (P < 0.00001), but decreased post-pubertally. Both global and local knockdown of these receptors during puberty prevented pruning, increasing spine density post-pubertally (P < 0.0001), an effect reversed by blocking NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Pubertal expression of the NMDAR-dependent spine protein kalirin7 decreased (50%, P < 0.0001), an effect prevented by α4 knock-out, suggesting that α4βδ-induced reductions in kalirin7 underlie pruning. Increased spine density due to local α4 knockdown at puberty decreased open arm time on the elevated plus maze post-pubertally (62%, P < 0.0001) in response to an aversive stimulus, suggesting that increases in L5PL synapses increase anxiety responses. These findings suggest that prelimbic synaptic pruning is necessary to limit anxiety in adulthood and may suggest novel therapies.
Bmal1 in the striatum influences alcohol intake in a sexually dimorphic manner
Authors: de Zavalia Nuria , Schoettner Konrad , Goldsmith Jory A. , Solis Pavel , Ferraro Sarah , Parent Gabrielle , Amir Shimon
Published: October 2021

Alcohol consumption has been strongly associated with circadian clock gene expression in mammals. Analysis of clock genes revealed a potential role ofBmal1in the control of alcohol drinking behavior. However, a causal role ofBmal1and neural pathways through which it may influence alcohol intake have not yet been established. Here we show that selective ablation ofBmal1(Cre/loxP system) from medium spiny neurons of the striatum induces sexual dimorphic alterations in alcohol consumption in mice, resulting in augmentation of voluntary alcohol intake in males and repression of intake in females.Per2mRNA expression, quantified by qPCR, decreases in the striatum after the deletion ofBmal1. To address the possibility that the effect of striatalBmal1deletion on alcohol intake and preference involves changes in the local expression ofPer2, voluntary alcohol intake (two-bottle, free-choice paradigm) was studied in mice with a selective ablation ofPer2from medium spiny neurons of the striatum. Striatal ablation ofPer2increases voluntary alcohol intake in males but has no effect in females. StriatalBmal1andPer2expression thus may contribute to the propensity to consume alcohol in a sex -specific manner in mice.
Simultaneous detection of 4-chlorophenol and 4-nitrophenol using a Ti3C2Tx MXene based electrochemical sensor
Authors: Lei Ling , Li Caoling , Huang Wensheng , Wu Kangbing
Published: October 2021

Bulk Ti3AlC2 powder was etched to Ti3C2Tx through hydrothermal reaction, and ultrasonically exfoliated in NMP to prepare Ti3C2Tx MXene. A highly sensitive and rapid method has been developed for the simultaneous detection of 4-CP and 4-NP.
Non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose using Ni–Cu bimetallic alloy nanoparticles loaded on reduced graphene oxide through a one-step synthesis strategy
Authors: Xu Xiaoyun , Tan Rong , Lv Xiaoyi , Geng Chao , Li Yanping , Cui Bo , Fang Yishan
Published: October 2021

Non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose using Ni–Cu bimetallic alloy nanoparticles loaded on reduced graphene oxide through a one step synthesis strategy.
A facile fabrication of a hierarchical ZIF-8/MWCNT nanocomposite for the sensitive determination of rutin
Authors: Qin Danfeng , Li Tianhao , Li Xuenuan , Feng Jun , Tang Tingfan , Cheng Hao
Published: October 2021

A necklace-like ZIF-8/MWCNTs nanocomposite was prepared. The as-synthesized material was employed to prepare chemically modified electrode. Then the ZIF-8/MWCNTs based electrode shows high electrochemical sensitivity towards rutin tablets.
Optical encoding of luminescent carbon nanodots in confined spaces
Authors: Bartholomeeusen Evelyne , De Cremer Gert , Kennes Koen , Hammond Ceri , Hermans Ive , Lu Jiang-bo , Schryvers Dominique , Jacobs Pierre A. , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Hofkens Johan , Sels Bert F. , Coutino-Gonzalez Eduardo
Published: October 2021

The generation of luminescent carbon nanodots in AFI-type zeolite crystals via light-induced activation upon near infrared laser irradiation is described.
Di-anionic self-associating supramolecular amphiphiles (SSAs) as antimicrobial agents against MRSA andEscherichia coli
Authors: White Lisa J. , Boles Jessica E. , Clifford Melanie , Patenall Bethany L. , Hilton Kira H. L. F. , Ng Kendrick K. L. , Ellaby Rebecca J. , Hind Charlotte K. , Mulvihill Daniel P. , Hiscock Jennifer R.
Published: October 2021

Amphiphilic agents demonstrate selective antimicrobial activity against MRSA and are shown to form interesting macrocyclic structures in the solid state.
Harnessing stress granule formation by small molecules to inhibit the cellular replication of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Byun Wan Gi , Lee Jihye , Kim Seungtaek , Park Seung Bum
Published: October 2021

Small-molecule enhancers of cellular stress granules were identified by observing molecular crowding of proteins and RNAs in a time-dependent manner. Hit molecules inhibited the replication of SARS-CoV-2 by inducing stress granule formation.
Crystallization of paracetamol from mixtures of ethanol and water in a planar oscillatory flow crystallizer: effect of the oscillation conditions on the crystal growth kinetics
Authors: Cruz Patrícia , Rocha Fernando , Ferreira António
Published: October 2021

Crystal growth kinetic data is reported for a planar oscillatory flow crystallizer.
Understanding the mechanism of plasmon-driven water splitting: hot electron injection and a near field enhancement effect
Authors: Huang Jiaquan , Zhao Xinyi , Huang Xunkun , Liang WanZhen
Published: October 2021

Both hot electron injection and a near field enhancement effects on water splitting reaction at the nanoscale are investigated by the hybird FDTD/TDDFT approach.
Competitive tetrel bond and hydrogen bond in benzaldehyde–CO2: characterization via rotational spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Xiujuan , Tian Xiao , Cheng Wanying , Zheng Yang , Obenchain Daniel A. , Xu Xuefang , Gou Qian
Published: October 2021

The rotational spectrum of the 1 : 1 benzaldehyde–CO2 complex has been investigated using pulsed-jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy complemented with quantum chemical calculations.
An efficient catalytic method for hydrophosphination of heterocumulenes with diethylzinc as precatalyst without a solvent
Authors: Zhang Bingyi , Ma Xiaoli , Yan Ben , Ni Congjian , Yu Hailong , Yang Zhi , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: October 2021

The hydrophosphination of heterocumulenes with Ph2PH using diethylzinc as precatalyst in neat conditions, which shows excellent catalytic effects. Intermediate is characterized to corroborate the proposed catalytic mechanism.
Effect of temperature on the complexation of triscarbonatouranyl(vi) with calcium and magnesium in NaCl aqueous solution
Authors: Shang Chengming , Reiller Pascal E.
Published: October 2021

The complex formation of triscarbonatouranyl(vi) UO2(CO3)34− with alkaline earth metal ions Mg2+ and Ca2+ in 0.10 mol kgw−1 NaCl was studied at variable temperatures: 5–30 °C for Mg2+ and 10–50 °C for Ca2+.
Complexation of europium(iii) with exopolysaccharides from a marine bacterium envisaged as luminescent probe in a theranostic approach
Authors: Huclier-Markai Sandrine , Alliot Cyrille , Mazza Mattia , Reiller Pascal E.
Published: October 2021

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) derivatives, produced by Alteromonas infernus bacterium, showed anti-metastatic properties in osteosarcoma (bone tumor).
Filter-less separation technique for micronized anthropogenic polymers from artificial seawater
Authors: Grob Lucas , Zeneli Liridon , Ott Eileen , Vialetto Jacopo , Bergfreund Jotam , Takeda Yasushi , Windhab Erich J.
Published: October 2021

Anthropogenic polymer particulates (APPs) are a highly researched topic, from the identification of their different sources to their impact on living organisms, and micronized anthropogenic polymers pose a threat to many ecosystems.
Royal jelly from different floral sources possesses distinct wound-healing mechanisms and ingredient profiles
Authors: Lin Yan , Zhang Meng , Lin Tianxing , Wang Luying , Wang Guanggao , Chen Tianbao , Su Songkun
Published: October 2021

This study provides an in-depth investigation of the wound-healing mechanisms of chestnut RJ and is the first to explore compositions of RJ from different floral sources.
Lachancea fermentati FST 5.1: an alternative to baker's yeast to produce low FODMAP whole wheat bread
Authors: Ispiryan Lilit , Borowska Małgorzata , Sahin Aylin W. , Zannini Emanuele , Coffey Aidan , Arendt Elke K.
Published: October 2021

Lachancea fermentati FST 5.1 is a potent alternative to baker's yeast for the production of a low FODMAP whole wheat bread.
Effects of dairy and plant protein on growth and growth biomarkers in a piglet model
Authors: Ingerslev Anne Krog , Rasmussen Laura , Zhou Pan , Nørgaard Jan Værum , Theil Peter Kappel , Jensen Søren Krogh , Lærke Helle Nygaard
Published: October 2021

Beyond a favourable amino acid composition and high digestibility, milk protein does not specifically stimulate growth via IGF-1 or insulin signalling pathways.
Levels of polyphenols and phenolic metabolites in breast milk and their association with plant-based food intake in Hong Kong lactating women
Authors: Lu Zhou , Chan Yat-Tin , Lo Kenneth Ka-Hei , Wong Vincy Wing-Si , Ng Yuk-Fan , Li Shi-Ying , Ho Wing-Wa , Wong Man-Sau , Zhao Danyue
Published: October 2021

This work is the first to determine breast milk levels of phenolic compounds, including characteristic microbial-derived metabolites, in an Asian population and explored their correlation with maternal dietary intake.
Plastic waste to drug intermediate: targeted cleavage of C–O bonds in polyphenylene oxide to 3,5-dimethyl phenol
Authors: Feng Bo , Jing Yaxuan , Guo Yong , Liu Xiaohui , Wang Yanqin
Published: October 2021

Starting from polyphenylene oxide plastic, the selective production of 3,5-dimethyl phenol as an important pharmaceutical intermediate was achieved over Ru/Nb2O5, which is the first example of integrating waste plastic into the drug supply chain.
A miniaturized UV-LED array chip-based photochemical vapor generator coupled with a point discharge optical emission spectrometer for the determination of trace selenium
Authors: Li Mengtian , Luo Yi , Zou Zhirong , Xu Fujian , Jiang Xiaoming , Hou Xiandeng
Published: October 2021

Ultraviolet light emitting diode array chip-based photochemical vapor generation was combined with hollow electrode point discharge to establish a miniaturized optical emission spectrometer for efficient vapor generation and excitation of selenium.
Dopamine based adhesive nano-coatings on extracellular matrix (ECM) based grafts for enhanced host–graft interfacing affinity
Authors: Tao Chao , Jin Min , Yao Hang , Wang Dong-An
Published: October 2021

An adhesive nano-coating on extracellular matrix (ECM) based grafts, which could crosslink in situ with ferric ions for fixation with surrounding tissues after implantation without affecting the porous structures of the grafts, was developed.
Chemical catalyst-promoted photooxygenation of amyloid proteins
Authors: Sohma Youhei , Sawazaki Taka , Kanai Motomu
Published: October 2021

A variety of chemical catalysts that oxygenate amyloid proteins under light irradiation are developed.
BiVO4 nanofiber-based field-effect transistors for detection of epinephrine/adrenaline hormones
Authors: Veeralingam Sushmitha , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: October 2021

In this work, an ultrasensitive-BioFET (biosensor field-effect transistor) is developed for chemiresistive, label-free detection of epinephrine hormone in urine samples.
Colloidal sulphur production by electrochemical oxidation of sulphide in a swirling flow reactor
Authors: Contigiani Camila C. , Fornés Juan P. , González Pérez Omar , Bisang José M.
Published: October 2021

A swirling flow electrochemical reactor is suitable for the colloidal sulphur production by means of sulphide electrochemical oxidation.
Planar hexacoordinate gallium
Authors: Wang Meng-hui , Chen Chen , Pan Sudip , Cui Zhong-hua
Published: October 2021

A star-like texture containing a planar hexacoordinate gallium center is reported in the lowest energy isomer of the GaBe6Au6+cluster. High thermodynamic and kinetic stability of the title cluster makes it suitable candidate for experimental realization.
Exploration of the Influences of Temporary Velum Paralysis on Auditory-Perceptual, Acoustic, and Tomographical Markers
Authors: Maryn Youri , Zarowski Andrzej , Loomans Natalie
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To better understand hypernasality (HN), we explored the relations between velopharyngeal orifice, auditory perception of HN, and acoustic-spectral measures in an in vivo within-subject design: (a) with a normally functioning velum as the control condition and (b) with a temporarily paralyzed velum as the experimental condition.

Method

The velum of eight volunteers was injected with ropivacaine hydrochloride (Naropin) in the area of the levator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini muscles to induce temporary velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) and HN. Sustained [a] and [i] and oronasal text readings were recorded, and 3D cone-beam computed tomography images of the vocal tract were built before and during velar anesthesia. Differences between conditions and correlations in normal-to-numb differences between velopharyngeal cross-sectional area (VP
area
), mean ratings of HN severity, and nine acoustic-spectral measures were determined.

Results

Three subjects already had some incomplete velopharyngeal closure in the control condition. Temporary motor nerve blockage of the velum (increased VP
area
) was accomplished in seven subjects, leading to increased HN and changes in three acoustic-spectral measures. Furthermore, significant correlations only emerged between VP
area
, HN, and Model
Kataoka
.

Conclusions

In most of the participants, it was possible to temporarily increase the velopharyngeal orifice to investigate HN while controlling other speech variables and cephalic morphology. Although this study was exploratory and its are findings preliminary, it provided additional evidence for the possible clinical value of Model
Kataoka
,
A
3
–
P
0
, and B

F
1

for the objective measurement of VPI or HN.
An inferencing structure for MPO‐based decentralized dynamic fault diagnosis
Authors: Khaleghi Milad , Barkhordari Yazdi Mojtaba , Karimoddini Ali , Maghfoori Farsangi Malihe
Published: October 2021

This paper addresses the problem of fault diagnosis in discrete event systems through a decentralized structure. Within the proposed decentralized diagnosis structure, local most permissive bbservers (MPOs) are employed as diagnosis tools, and an effective protocol is proposed to coordinate local MPOs to infer diagnosis information. It is shown that the proposed technique can diagnose fault occurrences subjected to proper sensing decisions. A sufficient condition on sensing decision policies is derived for diagnosis of faults in a decentralized setting. Further, it is proven that the proposed decentralized structure has less complexity than a centralized structure. The details of the proposed technique are illustrated by applying the developed method to a manufacturing system.
An efficient eigenmode restoration and mode matching method for multi‐junctional inhomogeneous waveguiding structures based on the Krylov subspace method
Authors: Liu Jia , Su Min , Yu Xu Qun , Fang Ning , Wang Bao Fa
Published: October 2021

Mode matching is a widely used method in various electromagnetic problems due to its dimensional advantages. However, the numerical implementation of mode matching is challenged by its high computational complexity in solving eigenvalue problems. The Lanczos method approximates the original eigenvalue problem in an efficient way and transforms the mode matching into an implicit form. The price of efficiency enhancement is the loss of eigenmode accuracy and behaviour interpretation. Its numerical efficiency is also influenced by block matrix dimensions while solving multi‐junctional waveguide structures. This work proposes a novel structure eigenmode restoration algorithm based on the Krylov subspace method. The method takes the conventional explicit mode matching strategy, but the efficiency enhancement for solving eigenmodes is prominent. The overall computational complexity is reduced from the original O(N3) to O(N1.5) without the cost of eigenmode accuracy loss. Numerical benchmark cases verify the proposed method’s accuracy and efficiency. The efficiency advantage is outstanding especially in computational time. Extra discussions about eigenmode selection strategies based on accuracy controlling indicate that the proposed method possesses better flexibility in solving complicated waveguide problems.
Observational evidence for two-component distributions describing solar magnetic bright points
Authors: Berrios Saavedra Gerardine , Utz Dominik , Vargas Domínguez Santiago , Campos Rozo José Iván , González Manrique Sergio Javier , Gömöry Peter , Kuckein Christoph , Balthasar Horst , Zelina Peter
Published: October 2021

Context.High-resolution observations of the solar photosphere reveal the presence of fine structures, in particular the so-called Magnetic Bright Points (MBPs), which are small-scale features associated with strong magnetic field regions of the order of kilogauss (kG). It is especially relevant to study these magnetic elements, which are extensively detected in all moments during the solar cycle, in order to establish their contribution to the behavior of the solar atmosphere, and ultimately a plausible role within the coronal heating problem.

Aims.Characterisation of size and velocity distributions of MBPs in the solar photosphere in two different datasets of quiet Sun images acquired with high-resolution solar instruments i.e. Solar Optical Telescope SOT/Hinode and the High-resolution Fast Imager HiFI/GREGOR, in theG-band (4308 Å).

Methods.In order to detect the MBPs, an automatic segmentation and identification algorithm is used. Next, the identified features were tracked to measure their proper motions. Finally, a statistical analysis of hundreds of MBPs is carried out, generating histograms for areas, diameters and horizontal velocities.

Results.This work establishes that areas and diameters of MBPs display log-normal distributions that are well-fitted by two different components, whereas the velocity vector components follow Gaussians and the vector magnitude a Rayleigh distribution revealing again for all vector elements a two component composition.

Conclusions.The results can be interpreted as due to the presence of two different populations of MBPs in the solar photosphere one likely related to stronger network magnetic flux elements and the other one to weaker intranetwork flux elemens. In particular this work concludes on the effect of the different spatial resolution of GREGOR and Hinode telescopes, affecting detections and average values.
Search for pairs and groups in the 2006 Geminid meteor shower
Authors: Koten P. , Čapek D. , Spurný P. , Štork R. , Vojáček V. , Bednář J.
Published: October 2021

Context. The existence of pairs and groups of meteors during meteor showers has been an open question for a long time. The double-station video observation of the 2006 Geminid meteor shower, one of the most active annual showers, is used for the search of such events.

Aims. The goal of the paper is to determine whether the observed pairs of Geminid meteors are real events or cases of random coincidence.

Methods. The atmospheric trajectories of the observed meteors, photometric masses, and both time and spatial distances of meteoroids in the atmosphere were determined using a double-station video observation. The time gaps between them were analysed statistically. The Monte Carlo simulation was used for the determination of the probability of random pairings.

Results. A higher than expected number of candidates for pairs was found among 2006 Geminids. An evaluation of the Poisson distribution shows that a significant fraction of them may be real cases. However, the Monte Carlo simulation did not confirm this result and provided a different view. Analysis of geometrical positions of candidate pairs also did not support the presence of real pairs and groups. Although we cannot exclude that some of them may be physically connected pairs, all the observed cases can be explained as the coincidental appearance of unrelated meteors.
OCCASO
Authors: Carrera R. , Casamiquela L. , Carbajo-Hijarrubia J. , Balaguer-Núñez L. , Jordi C. , Romero-Gómez M. , Blanco-Cuaresma S. , Cantat-Gaudin T. , Lillo-Box J. , Masana E. , Pancino E.
Published: October 2021

Context.Open clusters (OCs) are widely used as test particles to investigate a variety of astrophysical phenomena, from stellar evolution to Galactic evolution.Gaiaand the complementary massive spectroscopic surveys are providing an unprecedented wealth of information about these systems.

Aims.The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances from Spanish Observatories (OCCASO) survey aims to complement all this work by determining OCs’ accurate radial velocities and chemical abundances from high-resolution,R ≥ 60 000, spectra.

Methods.Radial velocities were obtained by cross-correlating the observed spectra with a library of synthetic spectra that covers early M to A spectral types.

Results.We provide radial velocities for 336 stars including severalGaiabenchmark stars and objects belonging to 51 open clusters. The internal uncertainties of the derived radial velocities go from 10 m s−1to 21 m s−1as a function of the instrumental configuration used. The derived radial velocities, together with theGaiaproper motions, were used to investigate the cluster membership of the observed stars. After this careful membership analysis, we obtained average velocities for 47 open clusters. To our knowledge, this is the first radial velocity determination for five of these clusters. Finally, the radial velocities, proper motions, distances and ages were used to investigate the kinematics of the observed clusters and in the integration of their orbits.
Characterising coronal turbulence using snapshot imaging of radio bursts in 80–200 MHz
Authors: Mohan A.
Published: October 2021

Context. Metrewave solar type-III radio bursts offer a unique means to study the properties of turbulence across coronal heights. Theoretical models have shown that the apparent intensity and size of the burst sources evolve at sub-second scales under the influence of local turbulence. The properties of the evolution vary with observation frequency. However, observational studies remained difficult due to the lack of high fidelity imaging capabilities at these fine temporal scales simultaneously across wide spectral bands.

Aims. I present a spectroscopic snapshot imaging (0.5 s, 160 kHz resolution) study of a type-III burst event across the 80–200 MHz band. By modelling the temporal variability of the source sizes and intensity at every observation frequency, the characteristics of coronal turbulence are studied across a heliocentric height range of ≈1.54–1.75 R⊙.

Methods. To understand the morphological evolution of the type-III source, a 2D Gaussian fitting procedure is used. The observed trends in the source area and integrated flux density are analysed in the framework of theoretical and data-driven models.

Results. The strength of density fluctuations (δN/N) in the corona is derived as a function of height (R). Combined with the archival low frequency data, δN/N values across ≈1.5–2.2 R⊙ agree within a few factors. The burst decay time (τdecay) and the full width at half maximum of the source showed a power-law dependence with frequency, roughly consistent with the results from data-driven models. However, the values of τdecay across frequencies turned out higher than the expected trend. The intrinsic sizes of the burst source were derived, correcting for scatter broadening. This roughly matched the expected size of flux tubes at the coronal heights explored. I also report the observation of an intrinsic anti-phased pulsation in the area and flux density of the source.
Biomonitoring study of trace metals (Al, As, Li) in mussels from Al Hoceima coastline of Moroccan Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Azizi Ghizlane , Akodad Mustapha , Layachi Mostafa , Ait Hmeid Hanane , Baghour Mourad , Gueddari Hicham , Riouchi Ouassila , Moumen Abdelmajid
Published: October 2021

Mytilus galloprovincialis are commonly used as heavy metal biomonitors across the world. In the present work, the contents of three elements (Al, As, Li) were analyzed in Mytilus galloprovincialis using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES 720-ES). Samples of soft tissues are collected monthly in 2020, from three sites of the mussel farming facilities installed in the Al Hoceima Sea. The decreasing order of the mean element contents in mussel tissues was Al > As > Li. The lowest values of metallic elements were found in summer and the highest contents were indicated in winter. Positive correlations were indicated between these elements and chlorophyll a indicating the importance of diet for the bioaccumulation of metals in mussels. In addition, our results show that the temperature and the salinity increase with the decreasing of metals bioavailability suggesting the influence of chemical properties and physical kinetics changes in the solution. On the other hand, the strong correlations observed for metal contents in mussel tissues can be elucidated by their common sources. The results of this study may be useful in the use of M. galloprovincialis, in the environmental biomonitoring studies.
Evaluation of energy consumption during the seawater desalination process simulated to the aqueous ternary system {NaCl + KCl}(aq)
Authors: Errougui Abdelkbir , Benbiyi Asmaa , El Guendouzi Mohamed
Published: October 2021

Energy consumption is a purely thermodynamic concept very useful in several scientific fields such as desalination, oceanography, biology, geochemistry and environmental processes, as well as in industrial applications. In this investigation, based on a thermodynamic approach, the calculation of energy consumption was evaluated during the desalination of seawater simulated to the aqueous ternary system {NaCl + KCl}(aq). The mixing ionic parameters, obtained in our previous work, are used to predict the osmotic and activity coefficients in the aqueous solutions at different salinities ranging from 3.6 up to 72 g.L-1 at T = 298.15 K using the ion interaction model. The theoretical energy consumption of desalination was calculated at various salinities and recovery ratios.
To the Question of the Reasons for Decrease in the Durability of Cutting Tools with a Diamond-Like Coating
Authors: Lieberman Yacov , Lukinskikh Svetlana , Kulpina Ksenia , Sarvarova Yana
Published: October 2021

In this study, we investigate the reasons for the decrease in the durability of cutting tools with diamond-like carbon coating. We formulated a previously unexplored assumption that the destruction of the coating may occur due to the dissimilarity of the thermal expansion coefficients of the latter and the substrate material. To verify this assumption, we developed a special technique based on the theory of elasticity and carried out a study of several end mills and turning tools made of different materials. The results of our research confirm the validity of the hypothesis. We further propose methods of combating the discovered reason for the decrease in tool life.
Additive Technology Methods for Manufacturing Permanent Magnets
Authors: Efremov Dmitry , Gerasimova Alla , Kislykh Nikita , Shaibel Cristina
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of studying the possibility of using the selective laser melting method for production of permanent magnets. This process allows to manufacture not only product models and prototypes, but also finished functional products by adding material layer by layer and bonding particles and layers to each other. We have considered the application areas of selective laser melting (SLM) based on powders obtained by different methods for the study. In addition, we have analyzed the traditional magnetic alloy casting technology, studied magnetic materials, and compared the powder magnet properties with standard data. We have found that the parameters of powders obtained by gas atomization are qualitatively superior to those of powders obtained using other methods, whereas the resulting magnets meet the requirements for magnets. Based on the 25Kh15KA alloy powder atomized by gas atomization, a SLM plant allows to manufacture permanent magnets with a material density of 7.59–7.55 g/cu.cm, which meets the requirements recommended by the State Standard GOST 24897-81, and to obtain the magnet properties that can be achieved using traditional metallurgical technologies.
Experimental Study of the Distribution of Temperature Fields in the Butt Contour of a Welded Joint Made of Carbon and High-Alloy Structural Steels
Authors: Mironova Lubov , Nigay Ruclan , Nigay Evgenij
Published: October 2021

A graphic-analytical method for determining temperature fields in the butt contour of a welded joint of a thin-walled tube with a base is presented. The method is based on the experimental data of temperature measurement at the reference points of the structure. The features of the elements of the welded joint made of carbon and high-alloy structural steels and the modes of electric arc welding were taken into account. A graphic-analytical method for determining temperature fields is proposed, which, on the basis of the theory of welding strains and stresses, makes it possible to determine temperature stresses and strains, both in the elements of the joint and in the contour of the weld.
Influence of Recrystallization Annealing Modes on the Mechanical Properties of Copper Pipes After Large Plastic Deformation
Authors: Shalaeva Maria , Loginov Yuri
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the influence of heat treatment modes on product quality parameters. The experiments were carried out on Cu-DHP pipes at various annealing temperature and time. Grain size and mechanical properties dependence on annealing mode were plotted for phosphorus-containing copper. Laboratory results were taken into account for setting process parameters and were industrially tested.
Multifunctional Complex of Thermomechanical Calibration by Screw Compression
Authors: Balobanov Nikita , Dementyev Vyacheslav , Makarov Sergey , Suntsov Evgeny , Korshunov Alexander
Published: October 2021

In the present paper, a soft-hardware system is considered intended for controlling the complex for high-temperature thermomechanical calibration by screw compression. The functional capabilities and block diagram of the complex are presented. The operation algorithm is briefly described and the criteria for selecting parameters of processing are given. The machining program structure, data on the operator panel, manual mode and measured parameters of the calibration process are shown.
Modernization of a Chemical Nickeling Unit for Metal Products
Authors: Borisenko Andrey , Khramtsov Vadim , Nemtinov Vladimir , Nemtinova Yulia
Published: October 2021

Metal protective coatings have a number of advantages, including high corrosion resistance, resistance to mechanical stress, and attractive appearance. The article analyzes the requirements for technological equipment for chemical nickel plating of items made of carbon steels, aluminum, titanium, copper and their alloys. The disadvantages of standard equipment (chemical nickel-plating units functioning as separate technological units) during its operation as a part of a plating line are formulated. The results of modernization and design development for an improved unit for chemical nickel plating of metal products with repeated use of the plating solution are presented. The calculation of the walls’ strength, thermal calculation of tubular electric heaters, the calculation of a single-side suction without blowing with a suction gap in the horizontal plane were performed. Pneumatic cylinders with the required working force and stroke were selected. The modernized unit is more compact, easier to maintain, and its design allows it to function as a part of a plating line. Testing of the unit in a plating section of a real manufacturing facility showed its high efficiency.
Additive Manufacturing in the Development of Scalable Models of Technological Equipment
Authors: Sabanaev Ildar , Dinmuhametov Alexey
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of a study of effective methods for the development of full-scale models of technological equipment for chemical and petrochemical industries based on the use of additive manufacturing. It is shown that 3D printing can be used to prepare and test various elements of heat and mass transfer devices with great accuracy and in the shortest possible time. It is concluded that the use of additive manufacturing allows for significant efficiency of research work in the field of industrial chemistry and petrochemistry.
Research of Kinetic Impregnation Process Based on the Structure of Reinforcing Filler
Authors: Kyaw Phone Thant , Maung Pyae Phyo , Malysheva G.V.
Published: October 2021

The present work studies the impregnation process through a carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) during the resin injection filling stage of a vacuum infusion process by using simulation software PAM-RTM. Our work aims to study the resin injection time of carbon fabric composite laminate based on the type of weaving fabrics, permeability and porosity of reinforced fabric and to define the optimal structure of reinforced fabric based on simulation and experimental results. The resin infusion method procured from simulation and experimental results can effectively avoid the high cost caused by the trial-and-error method.
Surface Strengthening of High-Alloyed Martensitic Steel by Staged Nitriding
Authors: Bibikov Petr , Petrova Larisa , Belashova Irina , Demin Peter
Published: October 2021

Gas nitriding processes with cyclical rotation of ammonia and ammonia/air atmospheres are suggested for surface strengthening of martensitic Cr-Ni-W-Mo-V steel. One-, two-, and three-staged processes were studied differing by gas atmospheres at the final stage of processes. Microstructure and phase composition of received diffusion layers were examined. Results of microhardness, wear and impact toughness tests are discussed in correspondence with the layers structure.
The Application of Plasma Processes during the Production of Pigments
Authors: Vyboishchik Alexander , Popov Mikhail
Published: October 2021

The article describes the application of plasma in the production of industrial pigments. Plasmatrons, or cooled electrodes, have found practical use in chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, and other industries. Plasma-chemical methods with the use of plasmatrons have found application in the yielding of high-quality pigments, e.g. titanium dioxide. The disadvantage of the application of plasmatrons is the dilution of the outgoing chlorine with inert gases, which reduces the service life of plasmatrons. The disadvantage can be eliminated by substituting high frequency induction plasma with arc plasma.
Functional Protective Coatings for Steel Architectural Construction Panels
Authors: Ryabova Anna V. , Fanda Anna Yu. , Trofimov Sergey V.
Published: October 2021

Currently, enameled steel products are becoming very popular in construction, since they have a number of valuable properties that noticeably distinguish enameled architectural and construction panels against the background of other facing building materials. Also, extremely urgent is the problem of obtaining glass enamel coatings for architectural and construction panels with high properties. In the work, glass-crystalline enamel coatings in the system R2O–RO–B2O3–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–P2O2–F- were studied, the features of their formation on facing steel panels were revealed. The physicochemical and aesthetic-consumer properties of the developed enamel coatings have been investigated. The influence of the chemical composition of titanium-containing glass and the crystallization process on the whiteness index of white coating glass-crystalline enamels and the characteristic color shade was studied using a spectrophotometric method using an RGB color measurement model. This method made it possible to accurately determine the shades of the obtained glass-crystalline enamel coatings for steel.
Identification of the Model of the Dynamic System of a Milling Machine Based on the Study of Vibroacoustic Characteristics
Authors: Khusainov Rustem , Safin Dinar
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the authors propose a method for ensuring the reliability of the computational model intended for the study of dynamic processes in technological cutting systems. The advantage of using 3D models in CAD/CAM/CAE systems for solving such problems is shown. The method of conducting an experimental study to identify the calculated model by natural frequencies is justified. The method is proposed for adjusting the 3D model in order to ensure that the dynamic pattern occurring during cutting corresponds to experimental processes. The authors give a concrete example of solving the problem of identifying the computational model of the dynamic system of a milling machine. An example of solving the applied problem of optimizing cutting modes in terms of vibration resistance parameters using the identified computational model is also given.
The Specifics of Calculating the Efficiency of the Continuously Variable Mechanical Transmission with Oscillatory Movement of Internal Links and Force Function Control
Authors: Yurkevich Andrey , Yurkevich Larisa
Published: October 2021

The paper discusses the energy flow in the continuously variable mechanical transmission with oscillatory movement of internal links and force function control. It is proposed to treat the potential energy of the twisted torsion bars, which is transferred back to the drive shaft, as useful. The formula for calculating the transmission efficiency, taking into account the return of energy flow back to the motor, hysteresis losses, and energy dissipation in the mechanical rectifier while taking up the free play, is given. When calculating the efficiency of the continuously variable mechanical transmission, it is suggested to take into consideration the clearances in the rectifier and kinematic pairs using ‘kinematic efficiency’. The examples of measured and calculated transmission efficiency in the ‘stop’ mode are given.
Determining the Drive Power of the System Controlling the Vibration Amplitude of the Rectifiers for the Continuously Variable Mechanical Transmission with Internal Force Functions
Authors: Soldatkin Vladislav , Tereshin Alexey , Yurkevich Andrey
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the choice of the power and type of the drive motor for the system controlling the vibration amplitude of the rectifier rocker arms of the continuously variable mechanical transmission, intended for use on a motor vehicle. Formulas for calculating the required torque and rotational speed of the drive motor with a planetary differential control gear are given. It is shown that the use of an electrohydraulic drive provides the required speed and power operation of the control system. The results of the system testing are presented.
Development of a Synthesis Method for CNC Machine Tools Remote Monitoring System by Using Web Components
Authors: Kovalev Ilya , Chervonnova Nadezhda , Abdulov Ramir , Al Khoury Akram
Published: October 2021

The article shows an approach to the synthesis of monitoring systems for CNC machines. Describes the main Web components and libraries used to collect technological data and display it for various users of CNC machines. The article demonstrates the practical results of the synthesis of the monitoring system for the CNC “AxiOMA Control” with the ability to select the parameters displayed on the Web page for the operator and adjuster of the CNC machine.