bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effects of Silymarin on Expressing SBDSP1 and CASC11 Genes in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Heshmati Masoumeh , Hasani-Reza Abad Nazila , Pashapour Sanaz
Published: August 2022

Background: Numerous studies have proven that silymarin can fight cancer, but the results remain controversial. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the expression levels of SBDSP1 and CASC11 genes in HCT116 colon cancer cells to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of silymarin. Methods: This study was conducted on HCT 116 cell lines, which were divided into groups treated with 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/mL silymarin and control group. The silymarin cytotoxicity was checked using the MTT assay, and the apoptosis induction rate was determined using the annexin (An)-V/PI kit and flow cytometry. The real-time PCR was also used to examine the expression of the CASC11 and SBDSP1 genes. The data were compared using one-way analysis of variance between groups. Results: The cell survival was reduced based on concentration and time, and IC50 concentrations were observed in 30.94, 41.50, and 46.41 μg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. In addition, the treatment with IC50 concentration significantly increased in apoptosis after 48 hours compared to the control. A decrease in expression of CASC11 and SBDSP1 genes was observed in HCT116 cells treated with IC50 concentrations after 24 and 48 hours. Conclusions: According to the results, silymarin, as an active substance, declines survival, induces apoptosis, and reduces the expression of SBDSP1 and CASC11 genes on the HCT-116 colon cancer cell line based on concentration and time.
Needs Assessment of Iranian Families with Neonates Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Razzaghi Sedigheh , Zahed Pasha Yadollah , Hajian-Tilaki Karimollah , Valizadeh Sousan , Arzani Afsaneh
Published: August 2022

Background: The neonate's birth and subsequent hospitalization cause families to experience various needs. Identifying the family's needs can lead to the provision of qualitative services and the implementation of family-centered development care (FCDC) by nurses. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the needs of Iranian families with neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in northern Iran in 2018 - 2019 on 360 parents of neonates admitted by convenience sampling method to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Data were collected by demographic questionnaire of parents and neonates and NICU Family Needs Inventory (NFNI) of Ward with five dimensions of proximity, assurance, information, comfort, and support. The data were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and a t-test by SPSS23 software. Results: The most important dimensions of family needs were proximity to the infant (93.59%), information (90.53%), assurance (89.18%), comfort (86.70%), and support (80.78%). A comparison of the dimensions of the needs of primiparous, multiparous, and term preterm parents indicated that assurance for multiparous parents (P < 0.001) and comfort for parents with term infants (P < 0.02) were significantly higher than the other dimensions. Conclusions: The study found that proximity to infants is the most important dimension of family needs. Therefore, the relevant authorities should take effective measures to ensure parent-infant proximity.
Evaluation of Tunnel farming for more productive than traditional agriculture
Authors: Zhou Junwei
Published: August 2022

The transition from traditional agriculture to tunnel farming is expected to be beneficial for the environment, leading to increased productivity and lower CO2 emissions per unit of rice. However, it is unclear whether the benefits will outweigh the additional costs of this method. To evaluate this issue, we make a cost-effectiveness analysis using a lifecycle approach in which farm management costs are equated with environmental damages due to nitrogen leaching and soil degradation. The benefits of tunnel farming are found to exceed its additional costs by up to 89 percent when comparing long-run production levels between two simulations: one including fertilisation, pollution control equipment and other inputs for traditional agriculture; one including all inputs necessary for tunnel farming.
Development of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument: Measuring a Broad Spectrum
Authors: Ning Chen, Hui Li, Yali Li*
Published: August 2022

The current signal capture algorithm uses the correlation function of the signal to achieve capture, which not only has high processing complexity, but also leads to low synchronous capture accuracy. In order to improve the adaptability of the binary offset carrier signal capture algorithm and to improve the defects of the traditional capture algorithm, the spectrum correction-based binary offset carrier signal capture algorithm will be studied. Based on the established binary offset carrier signal model, the signal tracking capture loop is designed. After the spectral correction processing of the signal, the judgment loop is designed based on the bandwidth folding principle to realize the signal capture. The simulation experiments show that the average capture rate of the studied signal capture algorithm is 95.63%, and the main peak amplitude of the captured signal is higher and the capture effect is better.
Offline Digital Education for Post Registration Health Professions;systematic review by the Digital Health Education Collaboration
Authors: Wu Chaoqun
Published: August 2022

A substantial body of literature exists on the use of digital education for online learning. One question that has not been fully researched is whether such programs work offline as well as online. This systematic review by the Digital Health Education Collaboration explores this question through 17 observational studies on post-registration health professions learners (N= 14,794) in the US, Canada, Puerto Rico, Germany and Australia. The strength of this research was its use of a meta-analysis; however, it is limited to one type of learner and there were no formal outcome measures examined nor any assessment of embodied cognition outcomes. finally designs the College English blended teaching model based on the data mining algorithm, so as to realize the College English online and offline blended teaching, The experiment shows that the method designed in this paper can effectively improve the reading ability of College English, and has certain application value.
The Effect of Computer-Assisted Instruction on Piano Education: An Experimental Study of Students of biological sciences
Authors: Huang Xuesheng , Yanqing Hu
Published: August 2022

The paper follows the experimental study of "the effect of computer-assisted instruction on piano teaching: An experimental study of students of biological sciences". It analyzes the results, which show a significant increase in practice time and success rate. Scientists from both universities have been working on a project to see if computer-assisted instruction would be useful for music education. They ran an experiment with students to see its effects. They found that it had greater effects on some types of learning than others. The paper summarizes the findings and talks about implications for future research in this field as well as practical applications for computer-assisted instruction in various fields, including education. Evaluation was based on three areas: practice, piano playing, and music appreciation. Students were divided into two groups: computer students and students without computers. The research team had expected that by using the computer, students will be able to practice longer and improve more quickly. The experiment also supposed that the additional practice would affect their concentration and listening skills in playing well-known pieces of music.
Evaluation of Big Data Analytics and Cognitive Computing in Smart Health Systems
Authors: Hu Bin , Zhenhan Zhang
Published: August 2022

The current era of Big Data has led to the use of advanced AI programs that can learn from individual data points, providing intelligent feedback in real time. Their ability to learn and grow more complex is particularly important when they are applied to smart health systems. These systems carry out an analysis of patient data through the use of machine learning and deep learning methods with customizable models designed using the latest advancements in artificial intelligence software. Furthermore, Big Data Analytics has also allowed for a new form of computational intelligence, which is cognitive computing. Experimental results: the average query performance acceleration ratio of the designed complex network big data overlapping information detection method and the other two detection methods is 11.585, 17.411 and 17.642, which proves that the detection method integrates the advantages of cloud computing platform has a higher performance.
Research on the application of information technology in the pharmaceutical sector
Authors: Balaguer Llantada  , Pérez Pedro
Published: August 2022

The basic purpose of this research study determines the research on the application of information technology in pharmaceutical sectors. This research study was conducted in the US pharmaceutical sectors. The research study is based on primary data analysis; these data were collected from different pharmaceutical sectors. Information technology is an independent variable, and pharmaceutical sectors, including organization performance, industrial innovation and production, and supply chain management, are all considered dependent variables. The research study used smart PLS software and presented different results, including composite reliability, validity analysis, R square values, indicators correlations, significant analysis, and the smart PLS Algorithm model. Overall results found that information technology plays a vital role in the pharmaceutical sector and presents that significant analysis with each other. In addition, the organization's performance shows a positive and significant relationship. Supply chain management also directly relates to industrial innovation, and production significantly affects industrial sectors.
Impact of information technology on accounting and finance in the digital health sector
Authors: Muhammad Talha  , Fei Wang  , Darchia Maia  , Marra Goodwin
Published: August 2022

Determination of the impact of information technology on the field of finance as well as accounting is the main aim of this research. The study in this research paper is based on secondary data analysis; this study was conducted in Pakistan to gather the research data using different websites including world development indicators and used financial reports of health sector companies. Information technology is the main independent variable; it includes scientific practices, business practices, and cultural practices; these are all independent variables. The accounting and finance included return on assets, return on equity, monitory unit policy, revenue remuneration, commercial mortgage, invoice financing, and pension-led funding. These are all considered dependent variables. For measuring the research study, E views software and run different results such as descriptive statistic, cross-covariance, unit root test analysis, and the histogram and state. The result presents that variance ratio analysis of each indicator's overall result found that there are positive and more significant influences of modern information technology on finance and accounting. Therefore, the technology that is playing a vital role in accounting and finance departments is information technology.
NIST conference papers fiscal year 2021
Authors:   Resources, Access, and Data Team, Information Services Office
Published: August 2022

This Special Publication represents the work of researchers at professional conferences, as reported by NIST employees in Fiscal Year 2021 (October 1, 2020 September 30, 2021). NIST is committed to the idea that results of federally funded research are a valuable national resource and a strategic asset. To the extent feasible and consistent with law, agency mission, resource constraints, and U.S. national, homeland, and economic security, NIST will promote the deposit of scientific data arising from unclassified research and programs, funded wholly or in part by NIST, except for Standard Reference Data, free of charge in publicly accessible databases. Subject to the same conditions and constraints listed above, NIST also intends to make freely available to the public, in publicly accessible repositories, all peer-reviewed scholarly publications arising from unclassified research and programs funded wholly or in part by NIST. More information on public access to NIST research is available at https://www.nist.gov/open.
The Splits of the Indian National Congress in the 1940s and 1960s and the Consolidation of the Party around the Nehru-Gandhi political Dynasty in domestic and Indian Historiography
Authors: Zaitcev Andrei
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes domestic and Indian scientific publications covering the splits of India's oldest political party, the Indian National Congress, in the first decades after the independence of India. The subject of the study is to highlight the role of the Nehru-Gandhi family of these splits in Russian and Indian historiography. The purpose of the study is to identify the level of scientific coverage of the problem of consolidation of the Indian National Congress Party around Nehru-Gandhi during the splits of the 1940s-1960s. The main method of research has become cultural-anthropological, which involves the study of the positions of the authors of scientific publications in the formulation of the problem and the selection of arguments in defense of their point of view; the relationship of domestic and Indian scientists to the object of research. Despite the fact that the historiography devoted to the activities of the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty consists of a huge number of monographs and articles in scientific journals, the degree of elaboration of the topic can be defined as low. To date, most of these works and author's assessments have not been analyzed and generalized. This is the scientific novelty of the work. In addition, it is relevant because the Nehru-Gandhi family and currently holds leading positions in the Indian National Congress. The main conclusion is that, according to experts, the splits of the party are associated with personal qualities and the unified social and political doctrine of the Nehru-Gandhi family.
A novel approach to single‐cell analysis reveals intrinsic differences in immune marker expression in unstimulated BALB/c and C57BL/6 macrophages
Authors: Breda Jeremie , Banerjee Arka , Jayachandran Rajesh , Pieters Jean , Zavolan Mihaela
Published: August 2022

The origin of functional heterogeneity among macrophages, key innate immune system components, is still debated. While mouse strains differ in their immune responses, the range of gene expression variation among their pre‐stimulation macrophages is unknown. With a novel approach to scRNA‐seq analysis, we reveal the gene expression variation in unstimulated macrophage populations from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. We show that intrinsic strain‐to‐strain differences are detectable before stimulation and we place the unstimulated single cells within the gene expression landscape of stimulated macrophages. C57BL/6 mice show stronger evidence of macrophage polarization than BALB/c mice, which may contribute to their relative resistance to pathogens. Our computational methods can be generally adopted to uncover biological variation between cell populations.
Rapid isolation and cryo‐EM characterization of synaptic vesicles from mammalian brain
Authors: Du Kang , Hu Liqiao , Wang Pei , Xue Yanhong
Published: August 2022

Synaptic vesicles (SVs) store and release neurotransmitters at chemical synapses. Precise regulation of SV trafficking, exocytosis and endocytosis is crucial for neural transmission. Biochemical characterization of SVs, which is essential for research into neurotransmitter uptake and release, requires effective in vitro isolation methods. Here, we describe an improved and simple purification protocol for isolating SVs from mouse brain within 6 h, achieving a yield of approximately 0.4 mg of SVs per single brain. The use of track‐etch membrane filtration and iodixanol cushion ensured the uniform morphology of SVs and low contaminants in the sample. Cryo‐electron microscopy was used to show that the in vitro isolated SVs retained intact membrane‐associated proteins, and observation of SVs in hippocampal neurons using cryo‐electron tomography confirmed the abundance of protein coating. Thus, our protocol allows effective isolation of SVs from small volumes of mammalian brain tissue, and the properties of the isolated SVs are close to those in vivo, making them suitable for biochemical analysis.
Discrepant expressive language lateralization in children and adolescents with epilepsy
Authors: Pasichnik Alisa , Tsuboyama Melissa , Jannati Ali , Vega Clemente , Kaye Harper L. , Damar Ugur , Bolton Jeffrey , Stone Scellig S. D. , Madsen Joseph R. , Suarez Ralph O. , Rotenberg Alexander
Published: August 2022

Neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) has emerged as a presurgical language mapping tool distinct from the widely used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We report fMRI and nTMS language‐mapping results in 19 pediatric‐epilepsy patients and compare those to definitive testing by electrical cortical stimulation, Wada test, and/or neuropsychological testing. Most discordant results occurred when fMRI found right‐hemispheric language. In those cases, when nTMS showed left‐hemispheric or bilateral language representation, left‐hemispheric language was confirmed by definitive testing. Therefore, we propose nTMS should be considered for pediatric presurgical language‐mapping when fMRI shows right‐hemispheric language, with nTMS results superseding fMRI results in those scenarios.
CYLD variants identified in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia patients
Authors: Xiao Xuewen , Xu Tianyan , Liu Hui , Liu Xixi , Liao Xinxin , Zhou Yafang , Zhou Lu , Wang Xin , Zhu Yuan , Yang Qijie , Hao Xiaoli , Liu Yingzi , Jiang Hong , Guo Jifeng , Wang Junling , Tang Beisha , Li Jinchen , Shen Lu , Jiao Bin
Published: August 2022

Objectives

CYLD was a novel causative gene for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Given the clinical and pathological overlap of FTD and Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is necessary to screen CYLD in AD patients and FTD patients in the Chinese population.

Methods

In our study, using a targeted sequencing panel, we sequenced the CYLD gene in a large cohort of 2485 participants in the Chinese population, including 1008 AD patients, 105 FTD patients, and 1372 controls.

Results

In the present study, the average onset age of AD and FTD patients was 66.84 ± 30.42 years old and 60 ± 10.00 years old, respectively. Our study reported three novel CYLD variants: p.Phe288Leu (patient No. 1, AD), p.Tyr485Phe (patients No. 6–9, all AD) and p.Thr951Ala (patient No. 10, AD), plus a previously reported variant: p.Arg397Ser (patient No. 2–5, AD and No. 11, FTD). These variants were absent in our in‐house controls and predicted to be deleterious according to the MutationTaster. The variant carriers were composed of 10 AD patients and one FTD patient, and the average onset age was 61.2 ± 10.9 years. The frequency of CYLD variants in AD was similar to that in FTD, which was 0.99% (10/1008) and 0.95% (1/105), respectively.

Interpretation

Our finding extended the genotype and phenotype of the CYLD gene and demonstrated that CYLD rare damaging variants may be implicated in AD and FTD pathogenesis.
Characteristics and Outcomes of People With Gout Hospitalized Due to COVID‐19: Data From the COVID‐19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Physician‐Reported Registry
Authors: Jatuworapruk Kanon , Montgomery Anna , Gianfrancesco Milena , Conway Richard , Durcan Laura , Graef Elizabeth R. , Jayatilleke Aruni , Keen Helen , Kilian Adam , Young Kristen , Carmona Loreto , Cogo Adriana Karina , Duarte‐García Alí , Gossec Laure , Hasseli Rebecca , Hyrich Kimme L. , Langlois Vincent , Lawson‐Tovey Saskia , Malcata Armando , Mateus Elsa F , Schafer Martin , Scirè Carlo Alberto , Sigurdardottir Valgerdur , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Strangfeld Anja , Xavier Ricardo M. , Bhana Suleman , Gore‐Massy Monique , Hausmann Jonathan , Liew Jean W. , Sirotich Emily , Sufka Paul , Wallace Zach , Machado Pedro M. , Yazdany Jinoos , Grainger Rebecca , Robinson Philip C.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To describe people with gout who were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and hospitalized and to characterize their outcomes.

Methods

Data on patients with gout hospitalized for COVID‐19 between March 12, 2020, and October 25, 2021, were extracted from the COVID‐19 Global Rheumatology Alliance registry. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographics, comorbidities, medication exposures, and COVID‐19 outcomes including oxygenation or ventilation support and death.

Results

One hundred sixty‐three patients with gout who developed COVID‐19 and were hospitalized were included. The mean age was 63 years, and 85% were male. The majority of the group lived in the Western Pacific Region (35%) and North America (18%). Nearly half (46%) had two or more comorbidities, with hypertension (56%), cardiovascular disease (28%), diabetes mellitus (26%), chronic kidney disease (25%), and obesity (23%) being the most common. Glucocorticoids and colchicine were used pre‐COVID‐19 in 11% and 12% of the cohort, respectively. Over two thirds (68%) of the cohort required supplemental oxygen or ventilatory support during hospitalization. COVID‐19‐related death was reported in 16% of the overall cohort, with 73% of deaths documented in people with two or more comorbidities.

Conclusion

This cohort of people with gout and COVID‐19 who were hospitalized had high frequencies of ventilatory support and death. This suggests that patients with gout who were hospitalized for COVID‐19 may be at risk of poor outcomes, perhaps related to known risk factors for poor outcomes, such as age and presence of comorbidity.
A finite‐time adaptive fuzzy backstepping control for multiple‐input multiple‐output coupled nonlinear systems with tracking error constraints
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Cheng , Liu Liyan , Ao Lei , He Dan
Published: August 2022

In this study, a finite‐time adaptive fuzzy backstepping control strategy with tracking error constraints is designed for a class of multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) coupled nonlinear systems with uncertainties. First, the uncertainty of the system is approximated by adaptive fuzzy logic systems (AFLSs), then, the rapidity of the state tracking of the control system are ensured by backstepping and finite time theory. The problem of error constraints is solved by the combination of performance function and simplified barrier Lyapunov function (SBLF). It is proved that the states of a closed‐loop adaptive control system are semi‐globally practical finite‐time stable (SGPFS) by the finite‐time Lyapunov function, and in a finite time, the tracking error of the system state converges to a narrow block of origin with the prescribed bounded. Finally, the scheme's effectiveness is verified by the simulation.
Advancing Engineered Heart Muscle Tissue Complexity with Hydrogel Composites
Authors: Dickerson Darryl A.
Published: August 2022

A heart attack results in the permanent loss of heart muscle and can lead to heart disease, which kills more than 7 million people worldwide each year. To date, outside of heart transplantation, current clinical treatments cannot regenerate lost heart muscle or restore full function to the damaged heart. There is a critical need to create engineered heart tissues with structural complexity and functional capacity needed to replace damaged heart muscle. The inextricable link between structure and function suggests that hydrogel composites hold tremendous promise as a biomaterial‐guided strategy to advance heart muscle tissue engineering. Such composites provide biophysical cues and functionality as a provisional extracellular matrix that hydrogels cannot on their own. This review describes the latest advances in the characterization of these biomaterial systems and using them for heart muscle tissue engineering. The review integrates results across the field to provide new insights on critical features within hydrogel composites and perspectives on the next steps to harnessing these promising biomaterials to faithfully reproduce the complex structure and function of native heart muscle.
Bio‐Mimicking Brain Vasculature to Investigate the Role of Heterogeneous Shear Stress in Regulating Barrier Integrity
Authors: Mehta Ami , Desai Anal , Rudd David , Siddiqui Ghizal , Nowell Cameron J. , Tong Ziqiu , Creek Darren J. , Tayalia Prakriti , Gandhi Prasanna S. , Voelcker Nicolas H.
Published: August 2022

A continuous, sealed endothelial membrane is essential for the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to protect neurons from toxins present in systemic circulation. Endothelial cells are critical sensors of the capillary environment, where factors like fluid shear stress (FSS) and systemic signaling molecules activate intracellular pathways that either promote or disrupt the BBB. The brain vasculature exhibits complex heterogeneity across the bed, which is challenging to recapitulate in BBB microfluidic models with fixed dimensions and rectangular cross‐section microchannels. Here, a Cayley‐tree pattern, fabricated using lithography‐less, fluid shaping technique in a modified Hele‐Shaw cell is used to emulate the brain vasculature in a microfluidic chip. This geometry generates an inherent distribution of heterogeneous FSS, due to smooth variations in branch height and width. hCMEC/D3 endothelial cells cultured in the Cayley‐tree designed chip generate a 3D monolayer of brain endothelium with branching hierarchy, enabling the study of the effect of heterogeneous FSS on the brain endothelium. The model is employed to study neuroinflammatory conditions by stimulating the brain endothelium with tumor necrosis factor‐α under heterogeneous FSS conditions. The model has immense potential for studies involving drug transport across the BBB, which can be misrepresented in fixed dimension models.
Visible Light Induced Ag–Polyoxometalate Coassembly into Single‐Cluster Nanowires
Authors: Liu Qingda , He Shiqing , Yu Biao , Cheng Xijun , Shi Wenxiong , Wang Xun
Published: August 2022

1D superlattices with long‐ranged periodicity present extraordinary application properties due to their unique electronic structures. Here, the visible light driven synthesis of 1D single‐cluster chains constructed by polyoxometalate (POM) and Ag clusters is reported, where two types of clusters align alternatively along the nanowire. Low symmetrical POM clusters of [P2W17O61]10–, [P2W15O56]12–, and [EuW10O36]9– can be used as building blocks. The directly bonding cluster units result in interactive electronic structures of Ag and POM clusters, as well as the greatly promoted electron transfer during the redox reaction. The Ag–P2W17 nanowires perform significantly enhanced activities in both electrochemical sensing and catalytic gasoline desulfurization compared with individual building blocks, demonstrating the extraordinary application properties and promising potentials of cluster‐based heteroconstructions.
A TiO2 Nanotube Coating Based TENG with Self‐Healable Triboelectric Property for Energy Harvesting and Anti‐Corrosion
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Sun Weixiang , Feng Min , Li Tinghua , Wang Daoai
Published: August 2022

As a new sustainable energy utilization way, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Herein, a new TiO2 nanotube coating based TENG (TNC‐TENG) with corrosion resistance and self‐healable electrical output properties for energy harvesting is developed. The inorganic coating is prepared by anodic oxidation (AO) and fluoridation with titanium. The TiO2 nanotube coating based TENG has a current output of 17.4 µA and a voltage output of 220 V. The fluorinated titanium oxide nanotubes coating has good hydrophobicity. When the fluorine composition on the coating surface is damaged by plasma, the triboelectric current decreases to 7 µA. The self‐healable hydrophobicity and electrical output property are achieved by transferring loaded perfluorosilane to the damaged surface. In addition, the electric energy generated in the triboelectrification can improve the anticorrosion performance for metal matrix by cathodic protection. Based on the corrosion resistance and self‐healing properties, the TNC‐TENG has potential applications in the field of energy collection, energy supply, and corrosion protection.
Vinylogous Hydrazone Strategy in Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolizines – An Organocatalytic, Metal‐Free Route to Ketorolac
Authors: Kowalska Justyna , Łukasik Beata , Frankowski Sebastian , Sieroń Lesław , Albrecht Łukasz
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the application of organocatalysis in the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolizines is demonstrated. α,β‐Unsaturated aldehydes and pyrrole‐based hydrazone readily participated in the formal (3+2)‐cycloaddition that was realized according to aminocatalytic iminium ion activation. Products were obtained in high chemical yields, with excellent stereocontrol. The developed method was utilized in the first organocatalytic synthesis of ketorolac, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug.

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Cu(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Aerobic Cycloisomerization of Alkenyl Sulfones to Furans Using (E)‐β‐Chlorovinyl Ketones and Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Bhatt Divya , Young Kim Hun , Oh Kyungsoo
Published: August 2022

Sodium sulfinate addition to (E)‐β‐chlorovinyl ketones followed by the aerobic cycloisomerization of alkenyl sulfone intermediates has been established for the synthesis of 3‐sulfonyl furans. The optimal cycloisomerization catalyst system was identified to be Cu(OTf)2, where molecular oxygen acts as a terminal oxidant. With three points of structural variation in both β‐chlorovinyl ketones and sodium sulfinates, the current aerobic cycloisomerization strategy allows the synthesis of highly functionalized and substituted furan derivatives.

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Over 19.2% Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Precisely Tuning the Charge Transfer State Via Donor Alloy Strategy
Authors: Gao Jinhua , Yu Na , Chen Zhihao , Wei Yanan , Li Congqi , Liu Tianhua , Gu Xiaobin , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang , Tang Zheng , Hao Xiaotao , Zhang Fujun , Zhang Xin , Huang Hui
Published: August 2022

The large energy loss (Eloss) is one of the main obstacles to further improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), which is closely related to the charge transfer (CT) state. Herein, ternary donor alloy strategy is used to precisely tune the energy of CT state (ECT) and thus the Eloss for boosting the efficiency of OSCs. The elevated ECT in the ternary OSCs reduce the energy loss for charge generation (ΔECT), and promote the hybridization between localized excitation state and CT state to reduce the nonradiative energy loss (ΔEnonrad). Together with the optimal morphology, the ternary OSCs afford an impressive power conversion efficiency of 19.22% with a significantly improved open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.910 V without sacrificing short‐cicuit density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) in comparison to the binary ones. This contribution reveals that precisely tuning the ECT via donor alloy strategy is an efficient way to minimize Eloss and improve the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.
Sacral abnormalities including caudal appendage, skeletal dysplasia, and prenatal cardiomyopathy associated with a pathogenic TAB2 variant in a 3‐generation family
Authors: Koene Saskia , Klerx‐Melis Floortje , Roest Arno Anne Willem , Kleijwegt Maarten Cornelis , Bootsma Marianne , Haak Monique C. , van Haeringen Meike Heleen , Ruivenkamp Claudia Antoinette Laetitia , Nibbeling Esther Anne Rieky , van Haeringen Arie
Published: August 2022

Haplo‐insufficiency of the TGFβ‐activated kinase 1 binding protein 2 (TAB2) gene is associated with short stature, facial dysmorphisms, connective tissue abnormalities, hearing loss, and cardiac disease. Skeletal dysplasia and sacral dimples are also found in a minority of patients. Here, we describe a 3‐generation family with caudal appendage, other sacral anomalies, and skeletal abnormalities including hypoplasia of the iliac wings and scapulae, fusion of the carpal bones and stenosis of the spinal canal, as well as a remarkable course of prenatally‐detected cardiomyopathy with characteristics changing over time. Genetic analysis showed a heterozygous nonsense variant in the TAB2 gene.
Automated age‐at‐death estimation by cementochronology: Essential application or additional complication?
Authors: Bertrand Benoit , Vercauteren Martine , Cunha Eugenia , Bécart Anne , Gosset Didier , Hédouin Valery
Published: August 2022

It has been repeatedly acknowledged that age‐at‐death estimation based on dental cementum represents a partial and time‐consuming method that hinders adoption of this histological approach. User‐friendly micrograph analysis represents a growing request of cementochronology. This article evaluates the feasibility of using a module to accurately quantify cementum deposits and compares the module's performance to that of a human expert. On a dental collection (n = 200) of known‐age individuals, precision and accuracy of estimates performed by a developed program (101 count/tooth; n = 20,200 counts) were compared to counts performed manually (5 counts/tooth; n = 975 counts). Reliability of the software and agreement between the two approaches were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland Altman analysis. The automated module produced reliable and reproducible counts with a higher global precision than the human expert. Although the software is slightly more precise, it shows higher sensitivity to taphonomic damages and does not avoid the trajectory effect described for age‐at‐death estimation in adults. Likewise, for human counts, global accuracy is acceptable, but underestimations increase with age. The quantification of the agreement between the two approaches shows a minor bias, and 94% of individuals fall within the intervals of agreement. Automation gives an impression of objectivity even though the region of interest, profile position and parameters are defined manually. The automated system may represent a time‐saving module that can allow an increase in sample size, which is particularly stimulating for population‐based studies.
Workflow Times and Outcomes in Patients Triaged for a Suspected Severe Stroke
Authors: García‐Tornel Álvaro , Seró Laia , Urra Xabier , Cardona Pere , Zaragoza Josep , Krupinski Jerzy , Gómez‐Choco Manuel , Sala Natalia Mas , Catena Esther , Palomeras Ernest , Serena Joaquin , Hernandez‐Perez Maria , Boned Sandra , Olivé‐Gadea Marta , Requena Manuel , Muchada Marian , Tomasello Alejandro , Molina Carlos A. , Salvat‐Plana Mercè , Escudero Mar , Jimenez Xavier , Davalos Antoni , Jovin Tudor G. , Purroy Francesc , Abilleira Sonia , Ribo Marc , de la Ossa Natalia Perez ,   for the RACECAT trial investigators
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Current recommendations for regional stroke destination suggest that patients with severe acute stroke in non‐urban areas should be triaged based on the estimated transport time to a referral thrombectomy‐capable center.

Methods

We performed a post hoc analysis to evaluate the association of pre‐hospital workflow times with neurological outcomes in patients included in the RACECAT trial. Workflow times evaluated were known or could be estimated before transport allocation. Primary outcome was the shift analysis on the modified Rankin score at 90 days.

Results

Among the 1,369 patients included, the median time from onset to emergency medical service (EMS) evaluation, the estimated transport time to a thrombectomy‐capable center and local stroke center, and the estimated transfer time between centers were 65 minutes (interquartile ratio [IQR] = 43–138), 61 minutes (IQR = 36–80), 17 minutes (IQR = 9–27), and 62 minutes (IQR = 36–73), respectively. Longer time intervals from stroke onset to EMS evaluation were associated with higher odds of disability at 90 days in the local stroke center group (adjusted common odds ratio (acOR) for each 30‐minute increment = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.06), with no association in the thrombectomy‐capable center group (acOR for each 30‐minute increment = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.98–1.01, pinteraction = 0.021). No significant interaction was found for other pre‐hospital workflow times. In patients evaluated by EMS later than 120 minutes after stroke onset, direct transport to a thrombectomy‐capable center was associated with better disability outcomes (acOR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.03–2.17).

Conclusion

We found a significant heterogeneity in the association between initial transport destination and neurological outcomes according to the elapse of time between the stroke onset and the EMS evaluation (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02795962). ANN NEUROL 2022;92:931–942
Comprehension of Jet Physics from the Analysis of the Gamma‐Ray Burst Afterglow Parameter Distributions
Authors: Berretta Alessandra , Cristarella Orestano Paolo , Cutini Sara , Germani Stefano , Mereu Isabella , Punturo Michele , Tosti Gino
Published: August 2022

The discovery of a short gamma‐ray burst (GRB), GRB170817A, in association with a gravitational wave (GW) and a bright kilonova started a new era in the high‐energy astrophysics. The observation of GRB170817A and more recently, GRB200826A and GRB211211A, a short and a long burst, respectively, with a possible kilonova, reinforce the concern about new ways of classification. For this reason, a new machine learning technique is applied to Swift‐BAT data, searching for morphological similarities in the light curves. The resulting map is characterized by two distinct groups, although still correlated with standard T90 duration. Since a jet viewed off‐axis could explain the emission from GRB170817A, the modeling of this kind of sources is of great importance. A public code called JetFit, based on the “boosted fireball” model, is applied to fit Swift‐XRT afterglow light curves of short and long GRBs, with known red‐shift, from 2005 to 2021. JetFit does not model the flaring activity. For this purpose, a new technique to remove the time flaring phases, is developed. This analysis provides a comprehensive study of the prompt and of the afterglow phase, trough the study of the best‐fit parameters.
Construction of Ultrastable Nonsubstituted Quinoline‐Bridged Covalent Organic Frameworks via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Annulation
Authors: Zhao Xiaodong , Pang Huaji , Huang Dekang , Liu Gang , Hu Jianxiang , Xiang Yonggang
Published: August 2022

Exploring new routes to lock the dynamic C=N bonds in imine‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is highly desired for enhancing their stability and functionality. Herein, a novel C=N bridge locking strategy via rhodium‐catalyzed [4+2] annulation is developed to construct nonsubstituted quinoline‐linked COFs (NQ‐COFs). The notable feature of this strategy includes high C=N conversion efficiency, oxidant‐free, and generality for synthesis of a variety of NQ‐COFs with high chemical stability. Particularly, after post‐synthetic modification, the crystallinity, topology, and porosity of pristine imine‐linked COFs are well retained. When used as photocatalysts, NQ‐COFs display better visible light absorption and carriers’ separation efficiency due to enhanced in‐plane π conjugation ability, as well as more facile generation of superoxide anion radicals than their counterparts, thus leading to efficient synthesis of 2,4,6‐tris(aryl)pyridines, benzimidazole, and sulfoxide derivatives.
Terminal and Super‐Basic Parent Imides of Hafnium
Authors: Bhunia Mrinal , Sandoval‐Pauker Christian , Jafari Mehrafshan G. , Grant Lauren N. , Gau Michael R. , Pinter Balazs , Mindiola Daniel J.
Published: August 2022

A dinuclear hafnium complex containing the parent imido ligand [(PN)(PNC)Hf=NH{μ2‐K}]2 (2) (PN−=(N‐(2‐PiPr2‐4‐methylphenyl)‐2,4,6‐Me3C6H2; PNC2−=(N‐(2‐PiPr2‐4‐methylphenyl)‐2,4,6‐CH2Me2C6H2), was prepared by reduction of the bisazide trans‐[(PN)2Hf(N3)2] (1) with two equiv of KC8. Encapsulation of K+ in 2 with crown‐ether or cryptand affords the first discrete salt [K(encap)][(PN)(PNC)Hf≡NH] (encap=18‐crown‐6(THF)2, 3; 2,2,2‐Kryptofix, 4), featuring a terminal parent imide and possessing some of the shortest Hf−N bond lengths known to date. DFT calculations revealed formation of 2 to proceed via an extremely basic monomeric nitrido, [(PN)2Hf≡N]−(A), having a computed pKBH+ of ∼57 followed by heterolytic splitting of an inert 1,2‐CH bond of a benzylic methyl group across the Hf≡N triple bond in A. An electronic structure analysis reveals A to possess a covalent Hf≡N triple bond and of super‐basic character. We also showcase reactivity of the Hf≡NH bond with various electrophiles.
Substrate‐Rhodium Cooperativity in Photoinducedortho‐Alkynylation of Arenes
Authors: Saha Argha , Ghosh Animesh , Guin Srimanta , Panda Sanjib , Mal Dibya Kanti , Majumdar Abhirup , Akita Munetaka , Maiti Debabrata
Published: August 2022

In the realm of metallaphotocatalytic C−H activation strategy, the direct excitation of the transition metal which plays the dual role of light energy harnessing alongside performing the bond breaking and forming is a rare phenomenon. In this context we have developed the first photo‐induced Rh‐catalyzedortho‐alkynylation under ambient conditions without the requirement of silver salt, photocatalyst (PC) or any engineered substrate or catalyst. The transformation functions by the specific cooperative effect of a six‐membered rhodacycle which is the photo‐responsive species. The catalytic system allows the conjugation of arenes with sp3‐rich pharmacophoric fragments. The control experiments as well as the computational studies resolve the mechanistic intricacies for this transformation. An outer sphere electron transfer process from Rh to alkynyl radical is operative for the present photo‐induced transformation over the more common oxidative addition or 1,2‐migratory insertion pathways.
Surface Boron Modulation on Cobalt Oxide Nanocrystals for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yu Mingquan , Weidenthaler Claudia , Wang Yue , Budiyanto Eko , Onur Sahin Ezgi , Chen Minmin , DeBeer Serena , Rüdiger Olaf , Tüysüz Harun
Published: August 2022

Herein, we show that coupling boron with cobalt oxide tunes its structure and significantly boost its electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Through a simple precipitation and thermal treatment process, a series of Co−B oxides with tunable morphologies and textural parameters were prepared. Detailed structural analysis supported first the formation of an disordered and partially amorphous material with nanosized Co3BO5and/or Co2B2O6being present on the local atomic scale. The boron modulation resulted in a superior OER reactivity by delivering a large current and an overpotential of 338 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Identical location transmission electron microscopy and in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy studies revealed alteration and surface re‐construction of materials, and formation of CoO2and (oxy)hydroxide intermediate, which were found to be highly dependent on crystallinity of the samples.
Synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]indolo[1,2‐c]quinazolines from 2‐(2‐bromoaryl)indoles and 2‐methoxybenzimidazoles under recyclable magnetic MOF‐199 catalysis
Authors: Kim Min Jeong , Lee Seong Weon , Dao Pham Duy Quang , Cho Chan Sik
Published: August 2022

2‐(2‐Bromoaryl)indoles react with 2‐methoxybenzimidazoles in DMF in the presence of a catalytic amount of recyclable Fe3O4@SiO2@MOF‐199 along with K2CO3 to afford a series of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]indolo[1,2‐c]quinazolines in good yields. The reaction applies to a broad scope of 2‐(2‐bromoaryl)indoles containing electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing substituents on bromophenyl and indole moieties, and alkyl substituents at 3‐position of indole moiety. A reaction pathway involving a copper‐catalyzed Ullmann‐type C (sp2)‐N coupling and an addition‐elimination nucleophilic aromatic substitution via Meisenheimer complex followed by cyclocondensation is proposed for this catalytic process. The Fe3O4@SiO2@MOF‐199 catalyst could be recovered and reused several times without any change of catalytic activity.
“A weird culture of coercion”: The impact of health care corporatization on clinicians
Authors: Rudden Marie G.
Published: August 2022

This paper describes the nature of today's corporatized health care system in the United States, offering examples of the psychological toll it takes on clinicians at all levels. It details corporate practices that disenfranchise practitioners from exercising their clinical judgment and from offering input to system administrators about problematic patient care experiences. It discusses the sense of frustration, resignation and moral injury that can permeate their work lives and disrupt their sense of effectiveness and well‐being in this context. Following this background is a psychoanalytic analysis of narratives from two physicians about their corporate health care experiences. Two case studies follow, in which a nurse and a physician entered psychoanalytic psychotherapy to process the destructive psychological impact of their work environments. A third case illustrates the negative impact of automatized insurance practices on one psychologist and her patient.
Oropharyngeal cavity floor morphology in Eretmochelys imbricata (Testudines: Cheloniidae) hatchlings and evolutionary implications
Authors: Oliveira Radan Elvis Matias de , Attademo Fernanda Loffler Niemeyer , Sousa Ana Caroline Freitas Caetano de , Magalhães Marcela dos Santos , Oliveira Rysónely Maclay de , de Moura Carlos Eduardo Bezerra , Silva Alexandre Rodrigues , Pereira Alexsandra Fernandes , Fragoso Ana Bernadete Lima , Silva Flávio José de Lima , Oliveira Moacir Franco de
Published: August 2022

Morphological studies of the oropharyngeal cavity of chelonians have become an interesting tool in the understanding of evolutionary processes associated with feeding habits in aquatic animals and the transition from aquatic to terrestrial forms. In this context, the aim of the present study was to describe the oropharyngeal cavity floor morphology of hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) hatchlings. Ten dead hatchlings of undefined sex were obtained from nests hatched on the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The heads of each specimen were fixed, dissected, and analyzed at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. The oropharyngeal cavity floor of the hawksbill sea turtle hatchlings is formed by the tongue, pharynx, floor muscles, and hyolingual skeleton, delimited in the rostral and lateral directions by a keratinized beak, called the rhamphotheca, and in the caudal region at the limit between the pharynx and the esophagus. The tongue muscles and the muscles that support the floor of the oral cavity comprise the following: m. hypoglossohyoideus, m. hypoglossoglossus, m. hyoglossus, m. genioglossus, m. constrictor laryngis, m. geniohyoideus pars lateralis, and m. intermandibularis. The oropharyngeal cavity floor mucosa is formed by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and the lamina propria is formed by loose connective tissue. The floor mucosa is devoid of taste buds. We believe that the basic oropharyngeal cavity floor characteristics in hawksbill sea turtle hatchlings may comprise indications that these animals are plesiomorphic and that semiaquatic and terrestrial turtles may have undergone adaptations to feed out of water.