bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La aplicación del principio de igualdad de género a las entidades asociativas de la Iglesia católica. Conflictos reales y falsos conflictos
Authors: Gas-Aixendri Montserrat
Published: June 2022

Este artículo analiza la aplicación del principio de igualdad de género a la Iglesia católica en España, en el ámbito de las relaciones asociativas no laborales, a propósito de una reciente decisión del Tribunal Supremo. La sentencia reconoce el derecho de una asociación católica a mantener una norma estatutaria plurisecular por la que admite exclusivamente a miembros varones. Esta controversia pone sobre la mesa cuestiones discutidas, tanto desde el punto de vista de los eventuales derechos en colisión (igualdad y autonomía organizativa), como en el plano de la opinión pública, en relación a una hipotética discriminación hacia las mujeres en el seno de las instituciones religiosas en general y en la Iglesia católica en particular. El propósito del trabajo es analizar los diversos elementos del problema, tratando de distinguir los conflictos reales, en el plano jurídico, de los falsos conflictos, aportando criterios para valorar estos casos.
Cuestiones conflictivas de Derecho cofrade. Comentario a tres resoluciones del Supremo Tribunal de la Signatura Apostólica
Authors: Bogarín-Díaz Jesús
Published: June 2022

SUMARIO: 1. Objeto de las resoluciones. 2. Los decretos de la Signatura. 3. El registro de antigüedad. 4. La baja de la asociación. 5. Conclusión.
Crónica de Derecho canónico de 2021
Authors: Sedano Joaquín
Published: June 2022

Se da noticia de los principales documentos y actos jurídicos dados en el año 2021 por el Romano Pontífice y los distintos dicasterios de la curia romana, así como de los acuerdos internacionales suscritos por la Santa Sede. También se hace referencia a la actividad canónica en el ámbito de la Conferencia Episcopal Española.
La responsabilidad administrativa derivada de delito de las personas jurídicas en el derecho del Estado de la Ciudad del Vaticano
Authors: Cavana Paolo
Published: June 2022

El estudio se centra en la naturaleza y disciplina de la responsabilidad administrativa derivada de delito de personas jurídicas en el ordenamiento vaticano, donde esta institución se introdujo en cumplimiento de los compromisos asumidos por la Santa Sede mediante el Convenio Monetario con la Unión Europea (2010) para la lucha contra los delitos económicos a nivel internacional. Se examina la institución en sus diversos aspectos, desde los criterios particulares de atribución al ámbito de aplicación de la legislación hasta su aparato sancionador, concluyendo en el sentido de su reducida incidencia en el ordenamiento vaticano debido a las peculiares características del pequeño Estado, desprovisto de un mercado libre y de entidades privadas titulares de empresas económicas. Por último, el autor se detiene en la tesis que ve en la introducción de esta institución en el ordenamiento vaticano una reafirmación de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en el sistema canónico, haciendo algunas observaciones críticas y situando a la institución en el contexto de posibles manifestaciones del principio de canonización de las leyes civiles (can. 22, CIC).
Exploración del sistema genitourinario
Authors: Mendivil de la Ossa José Alberto , Gómez Duque Lina María
Published: June 2022

Esta guía de práctica de los cursos en Semiología del Paciente Sano y Semiología Clínica se desarrolló con base en los textos guía para el syllabus de estos cursos del programa de Medicina, que corresponden a los textos "Manual Seidel de exploración física" [1] y "Semiología médica Cediel" [2]. La guía comprende los aspectos básicos de la semiotecnia y la interpretación de los hallazgos semiológicos del examen del ano, el recto y los genitales, siguiendo este orden: 1) realizar el tacto rectal adecuadamente, en función de la técnica descrita para pacientes masculinos y femeninos; en hombres, evaluación del ano, recto y próstata, y en mujeres, evaluación del ano, recto y fondo de saco, incluido el tacto rectovaginal. 2) Evaluar los genitales externos masculinos y la región inguinal adecuadamente, incluyendo la transiluminación testicular. 3) Evaluar adecuadamente los genitales externos femeninos, y los genitales internos a través del tacto vaginal, la palpación bimanual abdominovaginal y la región inguinal. Por último, 4) exploración de las mamas femeninas a través de su inspección activa y dinámica, sumada a la palpación del tejido mamario y los ganglios linfáticos próximos.
A társadalmi terek újragondolásával város és vidékének egységéért. Erdei Ferenc 1945 utáni koncepciójának alakváltozásairól
Authors: Bognár Bulcsu
Published: June 2022

A tanulmány Erdei Ferenc 1945 utáni munkásságának tér- és társadalom koncepcióját vizsgálja úgy, hogy az elmélet változásának főbb csomópontjait is nyomon követi. Az értelmezés középpontjában az 1945-ös közigazgatási reformterv és az életművet záró Város és vidéke című szociográfia áll. Az elemzés azt vizsgálja, hogy Erdeinek a korábbi közigazgatás radikális átalakítását célzó felfogása milyen sajátos jegyekkel rendelkezik, és miképp kapcsolódik az alföldi tanyás mezővárosok modelljén alapuló korábbi országrendezési tervéhez. Másfelől azt értelmezi, hogy Erdei koncepciója milyen tér- és társadalomszerkezeti változásokat kíván elérni. A tanulmány kitér arra, hogy a létező szocializmus felülről végrehajtott reformjai milyen mozgásteret kínáltak a város és vidékének organikus kapcsolatát megvalósítani szándékozó elképzelés számára.
A tanulmány az alföldi tanyás mezővárosi modell bemutatása után az 1945-ös közigazgatási reformtervet vizsgálja, majd részletesebben foglalkozik ezen elképzelés társadalmi és politikai korlátaival. Emellett a Város és vidéke tér- és társadalomszerkezeti koncepcióját taglalja, s ennek során kitér az elképzelés társadalmi kontextusára is. Az írás Erdei és Bibó 1945-ös közigazgatási reformtervének kritikáját adja. Az elemzés amellett érvel, hogy az 1945-ös reformelképzelés az egész közigazgatás átalakításának sikerét az alföldi tanyás mezővárosi modellhez köti, és ekképpen egy helyi viszonyok között létrejövő társadalomfejlődést kíván ráerőltetni az összes többi, ettől a modelltől jelentősen különböző területre.
A tanulmány alapvető előrelépést lát Erdei Város és vidéke című munkájában. A paraszti tér- és társadalomszerkezetből építkező társadalmi reform már nem kizárólagosan az alföldi tanyás mezővárosok modelljén alapul, hanem minden esetben a lokális viszonyokból indul ki. Az írás ezen tér- és társadalomszerkezeti modell erényeit hangsúlyozza, utalva a térszociológiai irodalom belátásaira is.
A promising method for the diagnosis of preclinical hypoxic state
Authors: Lyubimov Andrey V. , Khokhlov Platon P. , Bychkov Eugeny R. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: The state of hypoxia in natural conditions occurs in certain cases and is considered as a negative process in the overwhelming majority of cases. However, exogenous hypoxia is used as a factor of adaptation / preconditioning and training to the forthcoming hypoxic stress under some conditions, as well as increasing physical endurance and working capacity in normoxic conditions among specialists of various profiles. The mechanisms of adaptation to exogenous hypoxia have been studied in detail. Earlier in our studies, the value of artificial exogenous normobaric hypoxic hypoxia, which does not have a negative effect on the human body, was determined.
AIM: The aim of this work was to determine hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) as a possible marker of adaptation to normobaric hypoxic hypoxia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 100 days, 6 test volunteers were continuously in a sealed residential test room based on the test bench of ASM JSC (St. Petersburg) in a state of normobaric hypoxic hypoxia (oxygen content 1220%).
RESULTS: No clinically significant erythrocyte response to long-term exposure to normobaric hypoxic respiratory mixture was expectedly detected, although statistically significant fluctuations in the level of hemoglobin and the absolute number of erythrocytes were determined. When analyzing the HIF-1 concentration, qualitative data were obtained, characterizing a significant response (p 0.05) in the change in HIF-1 concentration during the observation period. Additionally, a Kendall consistency factor of 0.68 was calculated, suggesting a significant difference in HIF-1 concentration dynamics.
CONCLUSIONS: The chosen mode of hypoxia can be used as a method of exogenous preconditioning.
Critical Effects of Social Distancing and Lockdown on Residents of Oyo State During Covid-19 in Nigeria: The Integration of Socio-Economic Life and Physical Planning
Authors: Akinyode Babatunde , Asani Morufu
Published: June 2022

The advent of Corona Virus in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the world has become a health threat to government and challenge to the public. This led to the imposition of social distancing and lockdown policy aimed at preventing the spread of this pandemic among the populace. The submission to these policies may have intrinsic implications on the public, regardless of the public health benefits to be derived. This study aims at assessing the critical effects of social distancing and lockdown for COVID-19 on the residents of Oyo state in Nigeria. The designed questionnaire focused on residents’ perception of the COVID-19 and their attitudes towards social distancing and view on lockdown. Questionnaire administration among 1567 participants was through computer based online survey to avoid closed contact and maintain social distancing from the participants. The results submitted that no difference exist (P < 0.05) in terms of effects of social distancing and lockdown based on residents’ socio-economic attributes. The economic life, religious life, business and movement of people as well as the education of the students, relationship among colleagues and planned events are mostly affected by social distancing and lockdown. This will abate residents’ welfare, safety and limiting human right consequently threaten residents’ health and social insecurity as well as urban and regional economic implications. This helps to develop potential thoughtful strategies to alleviate public health catastrophe especially amongst informal settlements’ residents in Oyo state, Nigeria.
Correlation of hematological findings with severity of COVID-19
Authors: Rafai Wajid , Ussaid Ahmad , Riaz Babar , Baig Faisal , Anwar Sohail , Masood Atif , Fiaz Rahma , Saleem Khurram , Iqbal Farrukh
Published: June 2022

SARS-COV-2 emerged as pneumonia of unknown etiology and transforming into global pandemic leading mass casualties globally. It leads to serious complications with a wide range of symptoms and laboratory and radiological abnormalities. Methodology: This retrospective study included 191 admitted patients was conducted between 15 April 2020 and 31 August 2020 at university of Lahore teaching hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Baseline demographics, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics were compared amongst disease severity categories with One way ANOVA and comparison amongst recovered and non-recovered was carried out by independent t test, Fisher’s exact and chi-square test respectively. All data were analysed in SPSS 25 and p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 191 patients enrolled in this study, majority were male and above 50 year age. Fever (68%) was the most common symptom though dyspnea was statistically significant (p-value<0.05) and diabetes (41.4%) being the most common comorbidity. A statistical significant downtrend in eosinophil counts were observed in critical and severe disease from non-severe disease and similar trend was observed in non-recovered (died) patients than recovered. A significant rise in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, crp, ferritin and d-dimer were observed amongst critical and severe disease and non-recovered patients (p-value<0.05). Patients with eosinopenia had low survival proportion at day 5 and 10 than those with relatively normal eosinophil counts. Conclusion: Patients with advanced age, multiple comorbidities, elevated hematological, deranged coagulation markers presented with more severe disease and had poor outcome. In particular, eosinopenia can play key role in early diagnosis, disease severity recognition and disease surveillance as it is an independent risk factor for prognosis.
Early Intervention with Impedance-guided Heart Failure Management Improves Long-term Outcome: Insights from the IMPEDANCE-HF Trial
Authors: Shochat Michael , Kapustin Daniel , Fudim Marat , Kazatsker Mark , Kleiner Ilia , Weinstein Jean , Panjrath Gurusher , Rozen Guy , Roguin Ariel , Meisel Simcha
Published: June 2022

Background: Lung-impedance (LI) guided treatment of heart failure (HF) patients was shown to improve clinical outcomes. Objectives: To perform a post-hoc analysis of the IMPEDANCE-HF extended trial in order to explore the mechanism underlying the improved outcome of the LI-guided compared with conventional therapy of HF patients. Methods: The study included 290 HF patients with LVEF≤ 45% randomized 1:1 to LI-guided or conventional therapy. The normal LI (NLI), representing the dry lung status, was calculated upon enrollment. The level of pulmonary congestion (LPC) was represented by ΔLIR= [(measured LI/NLI)-1] × 100%. Results: There were 11473 outpatient visits in the LI-guided group and 10245 visits in the control group during follow-up, or 15.5 and 15.9 visits/patient×year, respectively (p=0.74). The LI-guided patients were on average less congested during follow-up than those in the control group (by 20 %, p<0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the likelihood of hospitalization for HF [hazard ratio (HR): 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52-0.72, p<0.01) and of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.70-0.98, p=0.03] were lower in the LI-guided group than in the control group. In the LI-guided group, diuretic up-titration was 2-fold more frequent and at an earlier timepoint and at a 21% lower LPC (p<0.01). In both groups the diuretic response was more prominent when up-titration was done at a lower LPC (p<0.01). Conclusion LI-guided diuretic titration prompted earlier, and more frequent diuretic dose increase when the LPC was only beginning to increase and this resulted in a greater decongestive response with better clinical outcomes.
Associated Factors of Nutritional Status Among Patients with Both Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nguyen Hung , Hoang Nhi , Le Hung , Phan Duong , Tran Luong , Hoang Linh , Dam Van , Hoang Mai Anh , Le Nhung
Published: June 2022

Background: The growing prevalence of overweight/obesity in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension has become a global health concern, which is increasing the risk of deaths. Knowing some factors leading to obesity allows more effective and appropriate prevention. Aims: To identify some related factors to the nutritional status of patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension at the National hospital of Endocrinology in 2019-2020. Methods: A cross-sectional study on 228 patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus and hypertension at the National Hospital of Endocrinology from September 2019 to December 2019. Results: The results revealed that the elderly group has a higher obesity rate than the middle-aged group (P<0.05). Overweight/obesity subjects had higher protein intake than those with Non-overweight/obesity (P<0.05). Unsatisfactory anthropometric indexes such as waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BFP) had higher odds of overweight/obesity than those who have satisfactory index (OR=10.3, 18.4 and 13.5, respectively). Besides, 24-hours intake, eating habits and physical activity affected the risk of overweight/obesity. Lower frequency consumption of milk for diabetics and participation in physical activities had higher odds of overweight/obesity (OR=2.2, P<0.05). Conclusion: The body mass index of patients is associated with the anthropometric indexes, diets and physical activity.
The Importance of In Person School Activities Despite COVID-19: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Delgado Amanda , Elengickal Joseph , Collins Patrice , Shakya Sabin , MacArthur Rodger
Published: June 2022

In Spring 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic reached the United States, schools closed to mitigate the spread of the virus. While online learning platforms provided alternatives to in-person education, children of all ages and educational needs faced unique challenges adapting to new methods of education delivery. Developmental and educational effects varied between children at different grade levels. Through this review, we outline challenges faced by students based on their stage of education. We also consider the effects of the pandemic on special education, disadvantaged populations, and students with mental health challenges. Moreover, we suggest that in-person activities are paramount to a child’s educational and personal development, and they should be continued in the setting of appropriate safety guidelines, even in the midst of a global pandemic.
Severe Bronchiolitis as a Cause of ARDS in Early Childhood. Pathophysiology and Strategies to Minimize Lung Injury
Authors: Moretti Corrado , gizzi camilla , Barbara Caterina , Pozzi Nicola , Midulla Fabio , Cogo Paola
Published: June 2022

Bronchiolitis is one of the most frequent acute diseases of the lower respiratory tract in infants worldwide, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus remains the most common and aggressive viral disease. The course of the disease is usually benign, but its severity may change by evolving into parenchymal disease. In the more severe cases, its clinical and radiological characteristics may be consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Management of these cases includes admission to paediatric intensive care and invasive mechanical ventilation. This paper reviews the definition of paediatric and neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome, which was primarily designed and validated for adults. The article investigates the pathophysiology of paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome further, describing how damage to the alveolar-capillary units, surfactant inactivation and inflammation occurs. Mechanisms that contribute to acute lung injury, such as volutrauma, barotrauma, stress and strain, are illustrated in detail, and an overview of the strategies that may help minimize neonatal lung injury and optimize ventilatory support is provided. These strategies include lung-protective mechanical ventilation, surfactant treatment, inhaled nitric oxide, high frequency oscillatory ventilation, recruiting manoeuvres, prone position and neuromuscular blocking agents. The objective is to help clinicians understand the peculiar pathophysiology of severe bronchiolitis and so guide them in preventing or attenuating lung injury during treatment. As such, this paper aims to contribute to defining optimal treatment of severe cases of bronchiolitis.
COVID-19 and International Efforts to Reduce Harmful Drinking
Authors: Simons-Rudolph Ashley , Lilliott-González Liz , Ringwalt Christopher , Achoki Tom
Published: June 2022

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, efforts to promote health and well-being by reducing harms related to alcohol misuse are likely to be adversely affected by changing sales and policy environments, as well as social distancing requirements imposed to halt virus transmission. In response, the AB InBev Foundation adapted an initiative originally developed to reduce harmful alcohol drinking in five global “City Pilot” demonstration sites that sponsored partnerships between local coalitions and public institutions to reduce alcohol-related harms. Little is known about the effects of a prolonged pandemic on access to alcohol, alcohol misuse and related harms, and ongoing interventions designed to prevent or mitigate these harms. Participants in Community Steering Committees (SteerCos) associated with each City Pilot provided information about the history of the project and the context of implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that, where feasible, the City Pilots adapted their in-person prevention strategies for online delivery. They also modified the purpose of a Foundation-sponsored fund that was originally intended to support community-based alcohol harm prevention efforts. As repurposed, this fund financed local COVID-19 prevention and emergency response efforts and generated goodwill with community partners.
Falling Flat? The Impact of State Legitimacy, Capacity, and Political Trust on Flattening the Curve of COVID-19
Authors: Dobbs Kirstie
Published: June 2022

As countries worldwide struggled to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in March and April of 2020, observers often remarked that countries with higher levels of regime legitimacy, state capacity, and political trust were more likely to curtail the spread of the virus. Remarkably, using quantitative data from 10 different sources, this article finds that this generalizable theory runs counter to expectations. Countries with higher levels of political legitimacy, trust, and capacity experienced greater increases in COVID cases during the onset of the pandemic, albeit the strength of these relationships is modest. To develop generalizable theories predicting virus containment, researchers should turn their attention to unique factors characterizing industrialized democracies that make a virus much harder to contain and expand their scope by using transdisciplinary approaches to understanding the pandemic
Drosophila as a Model System for Cardiology: The Case of Melatonin and Heartbeat Regularity
Authors: Dowse H. , VanKirk T
Published: June 2022

Our objective in this review is to summarize evidence of the strong cardiac rhythmicity-enhancing power of melatonin in the Drosophila melanogaster model system and discuss the implications of these findings in the context of fundamental cardiac pacemaker function and potential clinical applications. Drosophila has proven itself as an exceptional research organism given the far-reaching genetic and molecular tools it offers. We consider details of the fly's myogenic, ion-channel-based pacemaker and summarize aspects of its neurohomonal control. Melatonin, in the context of cardiology, has predominately been associated with its antioxidant properties in the prevention of reperfusion damage after infarct, but we have strongly confirmed the few reports of its effect strengthening rhythmicity. We discuss our clear results showing that melatonin is capable of converting normal noisy heartbeat to an extremely regular oscillator. It rescues the very uneven beat of the hearts of flies bearing a serious mutation in a gene encoding one of its core pacemaker ion channels. Possible mechanisms for these effects are considered.
Mandatory TNM Staging of Breast Cancer and Harms of mammographic Screening
Authors: Burton Robert
Published: June 2022

In Australia and many other high and middle-income countries diagnosis of the most curable stages of breast cancer, early breast cancer (EBC), in women by population based mammographic screening began after 1990. In many of these same and other high and middle-income countries administering adjuvant endocrine and chemotherapy after surgical complete resection of EBC (adjuvant therapy) also began in the 1990s. Some populations then underwent declines in breast cancer mortality that were recorded in population-based Cancer Registries that were attributed to either mammographic screening and/or adjuvant therapy. In only a few populations, for example, in the State of Victoria Australia from 1986-2019 long term trends in the incidence of breast cancer stages at diagnosis have been recorded by the population-based Victorian Cancer registry (VCR). These long-term stage trends have shown that advanced stages of breast cancer have increased or remained stable in those populations, so mammographic screening could not have directly caused the recorded declines in breast cancer mortality in their population-based Cancer Registries. In contrast in Victoria Australia adjuvant therapy use can explain all the recorded mortality decline.
Cardiac Heart Rate Dependence on Mitochondrial Deuterium 2H Content
Authors: Jones Edwin , Phelps James , Jardet Cortney
Published: June 2022

Mitochondrial cardiac ATP production efficiency in beef hearts has been known to decrease with increasing systemic deuterium 2H levels since the 1980’s. Recently ketogenic diets which are known to decrease deuterium levels in humans were found to decrease both the resting and exercise heart rates in a volunteer. Furthermore, resting heart rates were found to systematically vary with the deuterium content from the previous meal consumed by six volunteers. A cardiac model is proposed showing extreme sensitivity of heart rate on the deuterium loading of the ATP synthase nanomotors. A predicted increase in heart rate by 28% is expected with a 5% decrease in ATP production. This finding strongly suggests that high deuterium levels in the fatty acids contribute to the diastolic dysfunction in heart failure not already attributed to direct structural damage, i.e., heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
The Effects Of Vitamin D3 Supplementation On Muscle Physical Performance And Vitamin Status In A Physically Active Population: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Blind Intervention Study
Authors: Ransone Jack , Bilsborough Johann , Markin-Dufford Kelsie
Published: June 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to determine if an eight-week supplementation of 50,000 IU of VitD3 will reverse deficiency in a physically active population. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 29 physically active collegiate subjects (age =23.21±1.52 yrs, weight =70.66±14.23 kg, height=171.18 ± 9.03 cm) volunteered to participate in the study. Intervention(s): Before completing pre-testing performance measures and beginning supplementation, venous blood samples to assess baseline serum 25(OH)D levels were collected from the cubital vein. Main Outcome Measures: Serum 25(OH)D levels and muscle performance metrics (bench press, vertical jump, and 40m sprint) were analyzed to determine differences between pre-test and post-test data of both the control and treatment groups, respectively. Results: A repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels after supplementation (p < .001) with a more prominent increase in the treatment group. These analyses indicate that there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups (VitD3 vs. placebo) at pre-treatment measurement, and post-treatment serum 25(OH)D status increased at a greater magnitude for Vitamin D (VitD) compared to the placebo group, who showed a relatively small change in serum 25(OH)D levels. Prior to D3 supplementation 19 of 29 total subjects (66%) had serum 25(OH)D concentrations considered to be deficient (<32 ng/ml). Conclusions: Total serum 25(OH)D concentration significantly increased and eliminated pathological deficiency in the supplementation group after eight weeks of supplementation with 50,000 IU of VitD3. Muscle performance metrics increased over the treatment period but were not significantly increased between treatment and control.
Telehealth Policy and Access to Care
Authors: Lepkowsky Charles
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted limitations in access to healthcare. During the current public health emergency (PHE), Medicare, private insurers and state licensing boards have made policy changes liberalizing reimbursement for telehealth. Historically, Medicare and large private insurers (in the US) have presumed information technology (IT) fluency by patient populations. However, data demonstrate that there are numerous populations who demonstrate very limited utilization of IT for accessing healthcare, including older adults. These data demonstrate the importance of assessing IT utilization to make healthcare accessible to individual patients, and to better understand patterns of IT utilization among groups with historically low IT utilization. Under pressure from medical and consumer groups, Medicare and private insurers allowed reimbursement for telephone-only virtual visits during the PHE, but indicate that termination of the PHE will be coupled with termination of more liberal telehealth policies. In addition, Medicare and private insurers continue to seek loopholes allowing exclusion of various types of telehealth, which will make telehealth (and healthcare) inaccessible to the most vulnerable populations, including older adults. Recommendations are made for assessment of IT utilization as part of routine patient intake assessment, in order to make healthcare accessible, improve communication between patients and healthcare providers, and to improve treatment outcomes. Recommendations are also made for permanent telehealth policy changes that will make healthcare more accessible to at-risk populations.
Cochlear Implants in Children with Inner Ear Malformations, A Review of Current Literature
Authors: Teplitzky Taylor , Lee Kenneth
Published: June 2022

Cochlear implants (CIs) are a key option of hearing rehabilitation in certain children. Scientific, surgical and technological advances in CI technology have enabled implantation in a significant number of children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). There are established criteria to characterize appropriate patients, improving successful performance post operatively by standard metrics of speech perception. Clinical outcomes are, however, modified by several patient-related. An increasing body of evidence in such domains has resulted in expansion of candidacy criteria. Approximately 20% of all congenital hearing loss is associated with inner ear malformations (IEMs). Implantation of such children was associated with uncertain surgical and clinical success, and hence was limited in the early years of CI surgery. To date, the literature regarding outcomes in this special population has varied. Studies have been mixed when comparing children with IEMs to those with normal anatomy regarding success with CI. Results may be related to the type and severity of IEM. There may also be differences in children with congenital deafness versus progressive hearing loss. The current data are limited as there is not a standardized testing paradigm for evaluation in children. The variability in the data suggests further research is required to fully understand the nuances in management of these complex children. The goal of this review is to discuss surgical management and outcomes of children who meet criteria for CI in the setting of an IEM.
A 5-Year Open-Label Follow-up of a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Intralymphatic Immunotherapy for Birch and Grass Allergy Reveals Long-term Beneficial Effects
Authors: Hjalmarsson E , Hellkvist L , Karlsson A , Winquist O , Kumlien Georén S , Westin U , Cardell LO
Published: June 2022

Background: Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) is a novel, faster alternative to conventional allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Few previous studies have evaluated its long-term effects. The objective of the present study was to complete a 5-year follow-up of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of ILIT for a combination of birch and grass allergens. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with allergic rhinitis were treated with either placebo or a combination of ALK Alutard Birch and Grass 1000 SQ-U administered in 3 intralymphatic injections at 1-month intervals. A year after the vaccination, the symptoms induced by nasal provocation were significantly reduced. After 5-6 years, 20 out of 26 actively treated patients were followed up with a nasal provocation test (NPT) and seasonal registration of the combined symptom and medications score (CSMS), IgE and IgG4 levels in blood, and immunological markers in blood and lymph nodes and compared with 13 unvaccinated controls. Results: The reduction in the NPT response with ILIT at year 1 could not be convincingly reproduced at year 5. The new CSMS scores were markedly lower among the previously treated patients than among the control group. Furthermore, grass-specific IgG4 was increased, grass-specific IgE decreased, FcεR1 on basophils was reduced, and the fraction of memory T-cells in lymph nodes increased. Conclusion: The combination of seasonal clinical data and immunological parameters supports the notion of a long-lasting effect of ILIT. These data support the concept of ILIT as a good alternative to traditional AIT in pollen-induced allergic rhinitis.
Ethnocratic State in Estonia as a Threat to Russian National Interests in the Baltic Region
Authors: Frolov Vasily
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the features of building an ethnocratic state in the Republic of Estonia in the post-Soviet period, which sees in Russia, Russians, and the «Russian World» a threat to its integrity and sovereignty. For almost 30 years, the nationalist-minded authorities of Estonia have been implementing in their Republic a policy aimed at infringing on the rights and freedoms of the Russian-speaking population. In this “democratic” Baltic State, Russians are faced with such acute and egregious problems as mass statelessness, anti-Russian language policy, the absence of the main part of political rights among “non-citizens”, and falsification of national history. The author of the work focuses on the fact that in many respects the anti-Russian and anti-Russian policies in the Republic of Estonia are pursued by local authorities in order to please their new “elder brother” and ally — the United States, from which this Baltic Republic has long been in economic and political dependence. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the presence of a neighboring state, in which a deliberate anti-Russian and anti-Russian policy has been pursued for a long period of time, cannot but cause Russia anxiety and concern and not contradict its national interests.
The Transcaucasia on the Way to Independence: Negotiations with the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Davydova Tatiana
Published: June 2022

This article examines the political situation in the Transcaucasus that developed in the year of the end of the First World War. Based on the analysis of the documents of the foreign policy of the Transcaucasia, the author concludes, that the region, being in a war situation, strove for an early cessation of hostilities, which required it to make independent decisions, including the negotiation process. One of the states with which the Transcaucasia entered into peace negotiations was the Ottoman Empire. Discussion of the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty was at the center of the negotiations. The relevance of the article is due to the importance of the negotiation process in the context of gaining independence by the new state entity and in a conflict-prone region.
Roads of the Russian-Belarusian Borderland in the 15th — 17th Centuries: the Experience of European Travelers
Authors: Kolpakov Maksim
Published: June 2022

The trans-regional road network served as a territorial framework, determined the level of mobility of people and influenced the development of territories. In the course of our study, nine roads of Russian-Belarussian borderland of the 15th — 17th centuries were reconstructed. The state of road structural elements was analyzed, presence and quality of the existing artificial road structures and infrastructural elements were determined, the actual length of the road sections between the settlements was established. Conclusions about travel speed and comfort along the borderlands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Russian state were made. Twenty diary entries, messages and reports of foreign travelers were selected as the source for communication quality study. The main criteria for the data selection were the route fixation by the author and personal traveler experience description. For every informant, the Russian-Belarussian borderland was a transit region on a long journey from the starting point to that of destination.
Fraud, Theft and Robbery on the Roads of the Russian-Belarusian Border Area of the 16th — 17th Centuries
Authors: Kolpakov Maksim
Published: June 2022

Numerous sources of foreign origin, as well as the oral tradition of the Russian-Belarusian border area, draw a vivid picture of illegal acts committed on the roads of the 16—17th centuries. Fraud and theft act were the most common and least dangerous for travelers, while robbery committed on the roads threatened both the property and the life of the travelers. Travelers passing along the roads of the Russian borderland with Poland and Livonia had heard about the dangers of the way, armed themselves in advance, hid the most valuable things and documents, looking for reliable companions. The lands located in the border zone are more dangerous for travel, because here existed constant military threat and heavy traffic, which attracted criminals of various stripes.
The Image of the Pole in the Folk Discourse of the Sebezh District of the Pskov Region
Authors: Yurchuk Lubov
Published: June 2022

The article studies the perception of Poles by Russians in the ethnocultural border zone in different historical periods, which was reflected in folklore texts. Over the centuries-old history of Polish-Russian relations, a fairly stable negative stereotype of the Pole has formed, supported by the memory of military conflicts and stabilized in the texts of legends. At the same time, there was a tendency in the “mass” consciousness to learn the truth about another culture and overcome its negative perception. The development of this tendency resulted in the transformation of the national stereotype of the Pole (from “alien” to “other”).
Formation and Features of the Image of a Pskovite: the Experience of Historical and Imagological Research
Authors: Alieva Liudmila
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the characterization of the image of a resident of the Pskov borderland, which was formed over the centuries under the influence of internal and external factors. “Image” is interpreted as a combination of rational judgments and irrational reflection of ideas, feelings, assessments, associations, etc., related to the perception of the population of the Pskov borderland. Traditionally, the specificity of the image of a Pskovite is revealed through the prism of the interdisciplinary concept of “the Pskov character”. The factors that determine the image of a Pskovite are analyzed: the geographical and geopolitical position of the Pskov region, the ethnic characteristics of the population and its economic activities, the organization of power during the Veche Republic, the history of the region, and the peculiarities of its spiritual culture. On the basis of a wide range of sources (birch bark manuscripts, chronicles, notes of foreigners, phrasebooks, materials of folklore and ethnographic expeditions, historical literature), a stable core of the stereotypical image of a Pskovite is revealed. The main characteristics of the image of a resident of the Pskov borderland are religiosity, love of freedom, modesty, humility, conservatism, collectivism, self-esteem, courage, patriotism, determination in defending their interests. The authors conclude that the formation and development of “the Pskov character” is largely determined by the border position of the region in political and ethno-cultural terms.
Russian Population in the South and East of Ukraine: Identity and Political Orientations (1992—2014)
Authors: Baranov Andrey
Published: June 2022

The relevance of the topic is that the collapse of the USSR led to the politicization of the identity of divided peoples, including the Russian people. The subject of the study is the identity and political orientations of the Russian population in the South and East of Ukraine. The methodology of the work is social constructivism. The aim of the work is to determine the trends in the development of identity and political orientations of Russians in the South and East of Ukraine in 1992—2014. Conclusions are drawn about the complex identity of Russians, in which national-state, ethnic, linguistic, and historical self-consciousness were intertwined. The Russian population of the South and East of Ukraine showed a pronounced ethnic and linguistic identity that influenced political orientations. Scope of the results: foreign policy, identity policy of the Russian Federation.
The Appearance of Latvia on the Map of Europe. Between the Objective Prerequisites and Subjective Conditions for the Formation of the State in 1917—1920
Authors: Mezhevich Nikolay M.
Published: June 2022

The proclamation of independent Latvia in 1920 should be analyzed from the standpoint of political realism as a theory of international relations. In this regard, we can talk about four large-scale external factors that had a fundamental impact on the formation of the Latvian statehood in the period 1917-1920: 1) the Russian factor; 2) the German factor; 3) the influence of the Entente countries; 4) the influence of neighboring states of the region (Estonia, Poland, Finland, Sweden). The main internal factors that determined the state independence of Latvia were the rapid economic development of the region, primarily due to close ties with the Russian imperial market, and the strengthening of ideas of national independence among the political elites of the future Latvia. It is concluded that independent Latvia appeared on the map of Europe as a result of complex historical processes and as part of a change in the general model of Europe's development, moving from empires to nation states.
Modern Historiography of Russian Peacemaking in the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Nikolaev Nikolay
Published: June 2022

The article reveals the evolution of the modern historiography of Russian peacemaking in the second half of the XIX — early XX centuries. Soviet researchers were generally critical of the actions of those pre-revolutionary opponents of the war who did not adhere to Communist views. However, already at the turn of the 1980—1990s, one can observe a gradual change in their positions, associated with the rejection of Marxist-Leninist approaches to the problems of war and peace. This historiographical «breakthrough» occurred in the 1990s, when several collective collections were published, which for the first time examined in detail the peacekeeping activities of a whole galaxy of prominent Russian public figures. The modern historiography, the author proposes to divide into two sub-stegs. The main research area in the first sub-stage was the capital's research centers, mainly the IWH RAS and the IRH RAS. At the second sub-stage, that is, from the second half of the 2000s. there is a General increase in the number of works on anti-war issues, more attention is paid to the activities of individual peace advocates, and research interest is actively shown by provincial researchers.
Mahdist State in the Colonial Struggle of France and Great Britain in Sudan (1880s — 1890s)
Authors: Kharkovsky Ruslan
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the evolution of the “Sudanese question” in the system of international relations in the last third of the 19th century. The thesis is argued that for Great Britain control over the Sudanese territories was an important link in the struggle for the creation of the world’s largest colonial empire. The threat of war between Britain and France during this period was quite real. The military, primarily naval, weakness of France was one of the essential reasons for its retreat from Sudan. The settlement of the colonial differences between England and France in Northeast Africa later became one of the reasons for the emergence of the Entente as a counterbalance to the growing German Empire.
The Impact of the Religious Thought and Beliefs on the Sustainability of Urban Process and Production
Authors: Al-Bakry Hiyam Majeed Jaber , Mahmoud Khawola F. , Altuhafi Assda Abdulhameed
Published: June 2022

The relationship between belief and the architectural and urban production of cities made up an important topic in various studies that dealt with the impact of religion on shaping the city. Considering that belief and transactions usually determine the activities practiced by the social system in the city. Where the performance of the social system is reflected in urban production and the relationship between the elements of the city. This study is a comparative study designed to determine the nature of the influence of religion and belief on the processes and sustainability of building products in different cultures (Iraqi, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Eastern civilizations). Where the problem was addressed according to a descriptive and analytical approach, that reveals the features of sustainability in the architecture process and product of ancient civilizations influenced by religious thought and beliefs. The method used to achieve the goal of this research begins by defining the sustainability characteristics of architecture, urban products and intellectual indicators as criteria for comparison, and then presenting the results and conclusions that have been reached.
Comunicação não violenta e dogmática jurídica: necessária inovação para atuação dos advogados em audiências autocompositivas
Authors: Correia Daniel Camurça , Andrade Caio Viana , Damasceno Mara Lívia Moreira
Published: June 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar em que medida a teoria da comunicação não violenta pode contribuir para a construção de acordos e ser utilizada pelos advogados em audiências judiciais de mediação ou de conciliação. Inicialmente, examina-se a origem, a definição, os objetivos e o procedimento de aplicação da comunicação não violenta. Após, verifica-se as características do discurso jurídico, a atuação e a importância dos advogados em audiências autocompositivas, culminando com apresentação de proposta de inserção da comunicação não violenta como uma disciplina na matriz curricular dos cursos de Direito brasileiros. A metodologia utilizada apoia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com referências extraídas de doutrinas jurídicas, artigos de periódicos científicos, monografias, dissertações e teses. Conclui-se que a adequação do discurso jurídico adotado pelos advogados em audiências autocompositivas judiciais por intermédio da comunicação não violenta corrobora não somente com o fortalecimento do modelo consensual de justiça, mas também com o fortalecimento do Estado Democrático de Direito, dado que uma de suas principais características é a participação ativa do povo no desenvolvimento de suas capacidades o que se dá, portanto, sem o uso da violência e exclusivamente por meio da comunicação.
Matrizes da modernidade republicana: cultura política e pensamento educacional no Brasil (ROCHA , 2019)
Authors: Tourinho Luís Vaz de Campos Moreira
Published: June 2022

ROCHA, M. B. M. Matrizes da modernidade republicana: cultura política e pensamento educacional no Brasil. 2 ed. rev. Campinas: Autores Associados, 2019. 192 p. (Coleção educação contemporânea).“Matrizes da modernidade republicana” é um livro baseado na tese de doutorado do autor defendida na USP em 2002, sendo a primeira edição de 2004 e a segunda edição, de 2019, uma versão revisada, atualizada e ampliada. Ele é dividido em três capítulos, além da introdução, da conclusão e do prefácio à segunda edição redigido pelo próprio autor. Neste prefácio é dito que a obra é um trabalho que se enquadra tanto no campo da história intelectual quanto da história conceitual.