bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
50 vjet “Gjurmime albanologjike” - seria e shkencave historike
Authors: Ahmeti Nuredin
Published: December 2023

Krahas revistave të njohura shkencore, kulturore e letrare, që filluantë dalin në Prishtinë “Përparimi” dhe “Jeta e re”, pas Luftës së DytëBotërore, një vend me rëndësi zë edhe revista “Gjurmime albanologjike”.Në fakt, kjo revistë rrugëtimin e filloi nga viti 1962, kur edhe u botuanumri i parë, që asokohe ishte organ i Katedrës së Albanologjisë tëFakultetit Filozofik të Prishtinës. Kryeredaktori i parë i kësaj reviste ishteprofesori i nderuar Idriz Ajeti, ndërsa redaksia përbëhej nga Ali Hadri,Enver Gjerqeku, Shefqet Pllana dhe Idriz Ajeti. Pra, kjo revistë shkencorefilloi të botohej dy vjet pas hapjes së Fakultetit Filozofik në Prishtinë më1960. Shkrimet në këtë revistë botoheshin në dy gjuhë: në shqip dhe nëserbisht. Punimet në numrin e parë, ishin nga fusha e gjuhësisë, historisëdhe folklorit. Ato shoqëroheshin edhe me nga një rezyme në gjuhë të huajsi: gjermanisht, frëngjisht e rusisht. Në numrin e parë me punimekontribuuan studiuesit e vendit, si: Idriz Ajeti, Hasan Kaleshi, Ali Hadri,Shefqet Pllana, Hilmi Agani, Anton Çetta, Haxhi Krasniqi e SyrjaPupovci dhe të huaj, si: Danilo Barjaktarevic, Miodrag Šijakovic, MirkoBarjaktarevic, P.Ž. Petrovic, Dragutin Micovic, Milan Budimir dheMilivoj Pavlovic. Numri i parë i kësaj reviste u shtyp në shtypshkronjën “Rilindja” në Prishtinë. Revista nuk u botua rregullisht. Në vitin 1965 ubotua një vëllim, numri 2, në vitin 1966 doli një vëllim, numri 3 dhe medy emra të rinj në redaksi, Mark Krasniqin dhe Vojislav Dancetovicin.Me rastin e rithemelimit të Institutit Albanologjik, më 1967, revistafilloi të botohet si organ i këtij institucioni. Në vitin 1968, u botuan dynumra të kësaj reviste, me kryeredaktor Idriz Ajetin, ndërsa anëtarë tëredaksisë ishin: Mark Krasniqi, Hasan Kaleshi, Fehmi Agani, RexhepQosja, Zekeria Cana dhe Idriz Ajeti.5 Me të njëjtin staf të redaksisë ubotuan edhe dy numra në vitin 1969. Në vitin 1970 doli në dritë botimitjetër, i cili përmbante dy numra (1 dhe 2), ndërkohë që në përbërje tëredaksisë u shtuan edhe dy emra të rinj, Syrja Pupovci dhe JasharRexhepagiqi. Nga viti 1971, revista profilizohet në tri seri: “Gjurmimealbanologjike” - seria e shkencave gjuhë dhe letërsi, seria e shkencavefolklor dhe etnologji si dhe seria e shkencave historike.Gjatë periudhës 1962-1970, kemi vetëm një studiues nga Shqipëria,Androkli Kostallarin, i cili prezantohet me punimin “Rruga e formimit tëgjuhës sonë të përbashkët letrare”, në numrin 2 të vitit 1969.Ka disa arsye që na kanë shtyrë t’i bëjmë një vështrim kësajndërmarrjeje shkencore, por dy janë më kryesoret:Së pari, është revista e parë shkencore te shqiptarët e ish Jugosllavisëqë merret ekskluzivisht me studime albanologjike pas Luftës së DytëBotërore dhe e botuar nga një institucion shkencor; dhe së dyti, kjorevistë këtë vit mbush pesëdhjetë vjet nga profilizimi i saj, siç e theksuamedhe më lart.
ASPEKTE TË QËNDRIMIT TË MBAJTUR NGA SHQIPTARËT GJATË LUFTËS SË PARË BALLKANIKE
Authors: Kadria Sali
Published: December 2023

Në mesin e muajit mars 1912, kur shteti osman ndodhej ende nëluftë me Italinë, midis Serbisë dhe Bullgarisë u nënshkrua një aleancëpolitike-ushtarake, së cilës iu bashkuan më vonë, Mali i Zi dhe Greqia tënxitura nga Rusia. Qëllimi i “Lidhjes ballkanike” ishte ndarja midisshteteve ballkanike e zotërimeve të Perandorisë Osmane në Evropë1.Aleanca ballkanike u paraqit si një masë mbrojtëse ndaj ndonjë sulmi tëjashtëm. Bisedimet e fshehta ndërmjet drejtuesve të shtabeve ushtarake tëkëtyre shteteve, si dhe planet e koordinuara të tyre, dëshmuan se qëllimi ivërtetë i aleancës ishte sulmi kundër Perandorisë Osmane.
PAKICA MALAZEZE, ROMËT DHE HEBRENJTË GJATË VITEVE 1925-1939
Authors: Meta Beqir
Published: December 2023

Në vitet e para të regjimit të A. Zogut u ruajt influenca e Jugosllavisë në popullsinë ortodokse të Shkodrës. Vijonin të funksiononin dy shkolla private serbe që sponsorizoheshin në mënyrë të fshehtë nga qeveria jugosllave. Njëra prej tyre ishte në Shkodër. Megjithëse ortodoksët e Shkodrës ishin shqiptarë nga raca, gjuha dhe zakonet, disa prej tyre i dërgonin fëmijët në këtë shkollë, e cila punonte intensivisht që të përhapte gjuhën serbe tek ortodoksët shqiptarë të Shkodrës për t’u ndryshuar kombësinë e tyre. Për më tepër, kjo shkollë nuk kishte plotësuar formalitetet e duhura ligjore për funksionimin e saj. Prandaj, në prill të vitit 1926, prefektura e Shkodrës propozoi mbylljen e saj.
DISKUTIMET SHQIPTARO-BRITANIKE PËR ÇËSHTJEN E SHKOLLAVE TË MINORITETIT GREK GJATË VITIT 1935
Authors: Meta Beqir
Published: December 2023

Në vitet 1933-1934, qeveria shqiptare ndërmori një reformëarsimore për forcimin e karakterit kombëtar të arsimit, e cila përfshiuedhe shtetëzimin e të gjithë shkollave private në vend nga qeveriashqiptare. Ky shtetëzim u shtri edhe në shkollat private të minoritetitgrek, çka krijoi një tension të ri në marrëdhëniet me Greqinë. Çështja mëtej ju referua Lidhjes së Kombeve dhe Gjykatës Ndërkombëtare tëDrejtësisë në Hagë. Në fund të janarit 1935, qeveria shqiptare ra dakordqë të kërkohej një opinion nga Gjykata e Përhershme Ndërkombëtarelidhur me masat që ajo kishte marrë për mbylljen e shkollave privateminoritare dhe zëvendësimin e tyre me shkolla publike, ku mësimetjepeshin në gjuhën greke me tekste të botuara kryesisht në Greqi. Nëprill të vitit 1935, Gjykata e Hagës dha opinionin me shumicë votash(8kundër 3) që shkollat private minoritare të lejoheshin sërish.
NDIKIMET DHE RIVALITETET FETARE MIDIS ROMËS DHE BIZANTIT NË TROJET SHQIPTARE
Authors: Qerimi Muhamet
Published: December 2023

Treva iliro-shqiptare e vendosur mes Lindjes ortodokse dhePerëndimit katolik ishte hapësirë ku u zhvilluan rivalitetet e përhershmebrendafetare. Si pasojë e këtyre zhvillimeve shqiptarët e atëhershëm undanë në dy rite të krishtera, katolike e ortodokse, me përhapje më tëmadhe të së dytës. Ata u bënë protagonistë të këtyre ngjarjeve fetareshumë më përpara fqinjëve të ardhur sllavë, bullgarëve apo serbëve, tëcilët krishterimin e pranuan shumë vonë (shek. IX dhe X), kur tradita ekrishterë shqiptare kishte kaluar një rrugë të gjatë. Popullsia iliroshqiptare,pavarësisht rivaliteteve fetare brendakrishtere, ruajti identitetine saj etnik. Ky identitet shqiptar u ruajt edhe në rrethanat e vështirapasbizantine, kur shqiptarët u përfshinë në procesin e gjatë të konvertimitnë islam, dhe kur tabloja fetare e shqiptarëve u bë më specifikja ndërpopujt e Ballkanit.
ANALIZË E ASPEKTIT BURIMOR NË HISTORIOGRAFINË SKËNDERBEGIANE SHQIPTARE (ME PËRQENDRIM NË DOKUMENTACIONIN DHE LITERATURËN OSMANE)
Authors: Caka Eduart
Published: December 2023

Figura e Skënderbeut zë një vend kryesor në historinë e Shqipërisë dhe të kombit shqiptar. Por, dimensioni i personalitetit të tij si në aspektin ushtarak ashtu edhe në atë politik e ka tejkaluar epokën kur ai jetoi dhe hapësirën gjeografike ku ai ushtroi aktivitetin e tij si udhëheqës. Ky aspekt dëshmohet nga veprat e shumta që i janë kushtuar figurës së tij përgjatë shekujve dhe nga shtrirja gjeografike e rrëfimeve, punimeve shkencore por edhe veprave artistike kushtuar personalitetit të Skënderbeut. Sigurisht që dendësia e studimit të figurës së tij është më e madhe në hapësirën shqiptare për faktin se Skënderbeu dhe epoka e tij kanë një rëndësi të veçantë në historinë shqiptare. Kështu në shek. XX, periudhë që përkon me konsolidimin e shtetit shqiptar dhe ngritjes së institucioneve kërkimore do të kemi një numër të konsiderueshëm studimesh mbi figurën e Skënderbeut.
QËNDRIMI I AUTORITETEVE AUSTRO-HUNGAREZE NDAJ POPULLSISË DHE KLERIT MYSLIMAN SHQIPTAR GJATË VITEVE 1916-1918
Authors: Kadria Sali
Published: December 2023

Pas hyrjes së trupave austro-hungareze në viset shqiptare nga fundi i vitit 1915 deri në mesin e muajit janar 1916, shqiptarët e krishterë dhe myslimanë i pritën ato gati si “çlirimtarë”. Arsyeja ishte se nga fundi i shek. XIX deri në fillimin e Luftës së Parë Botërore, Austro-Hungaria kishte mbështetur interesat kombëtare shqiptare. Ajo ishte një fuqi me të cilën shqiptarët nuk kishin patur përplasje të forta, ndryshe nga sa kishte ndodhur me serbët. Për të kuptuar më qartë, qëndrimin e mbajtur nga autoritetet austro-hungareze ndaj popullsisë dhe klerit mysliman shqiptar, duhen parë me kujdes disa aspekte të rëndësishme: 1. Cilat ishin marrëdhëniet që ndërtuan autoritetet ushtarake dhe civile austro-hungareze në raport me popullsinë myslimane dhe atë katolike? 2. Çfarë qëndrimi mbajti qeveria austro-hungareze kundrejt rritjes së ndikimit xhonturk mbi popullsinë myslimane shqiptare? 3. Çfarë kontributi pati prania austro-hungareze në drejtim të forcimit të institucioneve të fesë islame në Shqipëri?
PARTIA KOMUNISTE E SHQIPËRISË DHE BALLI KOMBËTAR GJATË MUAJVE GUSHT-SHTATOR 1943
Authors: Boçi Sonila
Published: December 2023

Muajt gusht-shtator 1943 janë një moment shumë i rëndësishëm për historinë e Luftës së Dytë Botërore në Shqipëri. Ato ishin një moment kthese në raportet e grupeve ndërluftuese të kësaj lufte dhe patën ndikim të padiskutueshëm edhe në Shqipërinë e vogël. Ky artikull fokusohet kryesisht në marrëdhëniet midis dy grupeve politike në Shqipëri Partia Komuniste e Shqipërisë (PKSH) / Lufta Nacionalçlirimtare (LNÇ) dhe Ballit Kombëtar (BK). Ai ka synim të analizojë arsyet dhe faktorët që ndikuan në tensionimin e marrëdhënieve mes tyre që përfundoi në një luftë civile, e cila u bë një prej tiparevetë historisë së Luftës së Dytë Botërore në Shqipëri.
Situata politike në Shqipëri (tetor-dhjetor 1943): Rezistencë, bashkëpunim e luftë civile
Authors: Boçi Sonila
Published: December 2023

Artikulli synon të analizojë situatën politike në Shqipëri në muajt e parë të pushtimit gjerman, duke u ndalur në marrëdhëniet ndërmjet Partisë Komuniste të Shqipërisë (PKSH) me forcat e tjera politike në Shqipëri: Ballin Kombëtar dhe Partinë Nacional Zogiste (Legalitetin). Ai do të shpjegojë procesin e ideologjizimit të rezistencës shqiptare nga ana e PKSH-së, e cila u bë shkaktar i luftës civile në vend; fillimet e ravijëzimit nga ana e saj të profilit të “armikut të popullit” dhe propagandimit të rolit drejtues të PKSH-së në rezistencën shqiptare. Artikulli do të analizojë arsyet e metamorfozës politike të Ballit Kombëtar nga një organizatë e rezistencës antifashiste në një lëvizje antikomuniste e gatshme të bashkëpunonte edhe me pushtuesin nazist.
USHTRIA ÇLIRIMTARE E KOSOVËS 1994-1999
Authors: Zhitia Skënder
Published: December 2023

Ngjarja më e rëndësishme për shqiptarët e Kosovës në shek. XX dhe, në përgjithësi për shqiptarët, pa dyshim ka qenë lufta çlirimtare gjatë viteve 1998-1999 e udhëhequr nga Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës (UÇK).UÇK, e cila për herë të parë në histori i kishte tejkaluar kufijtë rajonalë të territorit të brendshëm të Kosovës, ka një zanafillë në përpjekjet e vazhdueshme të popullit shqiptar për liri, e cila ndërlidhet me gjendjen e përgjithshme shoqërore, ekonomike, politike e, mbi të gjitha, me ngritjen e vetëdijes kombëtare. Kjo zanafillë është domethënëse dhe me rëndësi të veçantë.
Situata demografike, etnike, fetare etj., në viset e “shqiptarëve të veriut” në vitin 1877, sipas vlerësimit të diplomacisë austro-hungareze dhe një vështrim mbi shpërnguljet nga Sanxhaku i Nishit
Authors: Verli Marenglen
Published: December 2023

Në gjysmën e dytë të shek. XIX, në dokumente të ndryshme tëdiplomacisë europiane të kohës, e posaçërisht asaj austro-hungareze,gjendet një informacion me vlerë për situatën demografike, etnike, fetare,por edhe sociale, ekonomike, kulturore etj., të Ballkanit osman e nëkuadër të saj edhe për botën shqiptare. Aty kemi gjetur të dhëna edhe përnumrin, përbërjen etnike dhe besimet fetare të popullsisë së sanxhaqeveose vilajeteve të quajtura shqiptare, gjithashtu për tiparet e banorëve, tëçdo kombësie, për gjendjen e tyre ekonomike, sociale, kulturore etj.Interesimi i posaçëm i Perandorisë Habsburge për rajonin e Ballkanit, nëkonkurrencë veçanërisht të ashpër me Perandorinë Ruse, për pasojëngritja e dendur e konsullatave në territorin e Ballkanit osman,kualifikimi përgjithësisht i lartë i personelit të tyre dhe, po kështu,burimet mjaft të besueshme zyrtare e jozyrtare të informacionit që atosiguronin, janë tregues për të krijuar bindjen se të dhënat arkivore tëdiplomacisë vjeneze të kësaj periudhe meritojnë vlerësim serioz dhe janëpër t’u marrë në konsideratë.
The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational justice with mental health in teachers working in education in Andimshek city
Authors: Mosavirad Seyed Akbar , Bazyar Somayeh , Yavari Kermani Maryam , Mohabat Gholamreza
Published: December 2023

Background and purpose: optimal and desirable education can be considered one of the basic elements of every society, and teachers, as the guardians of this matter, are considered one of the most important factors in advancing the goals of education. Any society's survival, durability, and progress depend on the quality of its education. Therefore, this research was conducted to explain the relationship between organizational commitment and organizational justice in mental health among teachers of Andimeshk city. Methodology: The research design was descriptive and correlational. The present study's statistical population was comprised of all the teachers working in education in Andimshek city. From the statistical population, 250 people were selected and studied by simple random sampling. To collect data, Allen and Meyer's (1990) organizational commitment questionnaires, Niehoff and Moorman's (1993) organizational justice questionnaires, and Goldenberg's general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used. After collecting and extracting the data, the participants' scores were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple and multivariable linear regression and statistical software (SPSS). Results: The results showed a significant positive relationship between organizational commitment and mental health (0.01) and a significant positive relationship between organizational justice and mental health (0.01). Also, the regression results showed that organizational commitment and justice could predict mental health. This prediction was in organizational commitment with a beta coefficient of 0.14 and organizational justice with a beta coefficient of 0.13. Conclusion: The research results showed that if the distribution of rewards and other facilities is done based on certain criteria and sufficient information is done in this field. This management behavior can effectively create a sense of organizational justice and increase teachers' commitment to the organization and the level of teachers' mental health.
Examining the level of employee satisfaction with the performance of city managers (Case study: Baghershahr Municipality)
Authors: Jabbari Shahnam , Jabbari Behnam , Hanifapour Mahin
Published: December 2023

Objective: By referring to different organizations and taking a deep and expert look at the communication process in these organizations, this issue becomes apparent to every observer. One of the important and always noticeable problems in organizations that employees complain about is the lack of communication skills among their managers. One of the most important and key issues that has caught the attention of the body and the foundation of the organizational society in this period is the organizational commitment of the employees of an organization. This issue can have many factors and dimensions. The present study was conducted to investigate employee satisfaction with the performance of city managers of Baqershahr Municipality. Method: The statistical population of the research was all the employees of Baghershahr municipality, and Cochran's sample size formula was used to determine the sample size. Therefore, considering the error level of 0.05, the sample size was estimated to be 242 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. One-sample t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple correlation and simultaneous multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results extracted from the above research emphasize the strong effect of job satisfaction on the commitment of the organization's employees. The managers of all levels of this municipality can know them better and more accurately and completely with the nobles and sufficient and accurate knowledge of the individual differences among their employees. As a result, taking actions that are most compatible with the heart desires of the employees increases their desire and motivation, satisfaction, and commitment in the direction of development and moving intelligently in the direction of the organization's goals. The level of satisfaction regarding the investigated components of job satisfaction is average, managers are high, and for the components related to welfare, it is below 40%. Conclusion: The results show that municipal employees have low and very low satisfaction with the amenities in the municipality.
SPATIAL REUSE STRATEGIES OF OLD INDUSTRIAL BASES IN NORTHEAST CHINA: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LANDSCAPE REVITALIZATION
Authors: Feng LuHang , Miao MingRui
Published: December 2023

With the transformation of China's economic structure, the reuse and renewal of old industrial bases has become an important issue for urban development. This article takes the old industrial base in Northeast China as an example and explores strategies for spatial reuse from the perspective of landscape revitalization. This article lists cases of industrial base revitalization around the world, exploring how to revitalize the old industrial base in Northeast China. This article aims to analyze the current situation and existing problems of the old industrial base in depth, propose targeted landscape revitalization strategies, and provide new ideas and methods for the renewal and reuse of the old industrial base. After conducting on-site research on residents, the problems that need to be solved in the spatial reuse of the old industrial base have been identified, and solutions have been provided. By leaving as much green space as possible, the overall ecological environment of the park can be restored. It can also activate idle abandoned space and increase the economic and ornamental value of the park. Public art can be introduced, and when designing, the role of mass art should be fully utilized to promote industrial culture and shape local spirit. Finally, by digitizing the protection, display, and utilization of industrial heritage, it is possible to achieve comprehensive and efficient protection and revitalization of industrial heritage in a high-quality and efficient manner.
Introdução à Ciência e Engenharia dos Materiais - Prática
Authors: A. S. Marques Eduardo , J. C. Carbas Ricardo , Borges Catarina , Sousa Fernando , F. M. da Silva Lucas
Published: December 2023

A presente obra é proposta como uma ferramenta de suporte ao ensino e aprendizagem do tema das ligações adesivas estruturais, uma tecnologia de importância crescente e que começa agora a encontrar lugar em cursos de Engenharia Mecânica. O texto serve como uma primeira e concisa abordagem ao assunto das ligações adesivas, debruçando-se sobre os conceitos teóricos de base sobre o tema, sem descurar a importante componente prática, com exemplos de processos de fabrico, procedimentos de ensaio e metodologias de projeto, sempre suportados em figuras exemplificativas. Esta obra está dividida em nove capítulos, incluindo a teoria da adesão, tratamentos superficiais, seleção de adesivos, processos de manufatura, controlo de qualidade, saúde e segurança, projeto e durabilidade.
Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Usman Tayyaba , Noor Hafiza Shabnum , Anwar Shazia , Haneef Mehwish , Manzoor Saadia , Javaid Anika
Published: December 2023

Background: Feeding and swallowing difficulties are prevalent in children with Down Syndrome, significantly affecting their health and developmental outcomes. However, detailed understanding, particularly in developmental progression, remains limited.
Objective: To evaluate the feeding and swallowing difficulties in children with Down Syndrome across different ages, assessing the challenges and caregiver awareness levels.
Methods: In this observational study, 36 children with Down Syndrome, aged 1-5 years, were evaluated. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire administered to caregivers, covering aspects like feeding methods, difficulties, and developmental history. The questionnaire encompassed variables such as method of feeding across different ages, types of feeding difficulties encountered, and progression of these issues. The study employed consecutive sampling and included children diagnosed with Down Syndrome having Karyotyping, excluding those with other developmental disorders. Statistical analysis utilized descriptive techniques and Chi-Square tests to assess the data.
Results: Only 14% of caregivers reported being aware of feeding problems before birth, while 86% became aware postnatally. Initial feeding predominantly involved bottle feeding (69%), transitioning to spoon and cup feeding by age 2. Sucking difficulty was highest in the 1-2 year age group (69%), decreasing with age. Persistent issues like drooling were noted across all ages. Younger children commonly faced challenges such as choking and poor coordination between suck/swallow and breathing.
Conclusion: The study underscores the need for early, ongoing feeding support and intervention in children with Down Syndrome. It emphasizes the crucial role of prenatal counseling and caregiver education, alongside the development of age-appropriate, tailored feeding strategies. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the feeding challenges in Down Syndrome, advocating for proactive management approaches.
Translation and Validation of Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia in Urdu Language for Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Tarar Aniqa , Faisal Somia , Zia Muhammad Usman , Sharif Khadija , Saqib Fatima , Hassan Zainab , Hussain Syed Ali
Published: December 2023

Background: Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) significantly impacts patients' quality of life and is often associated with kinesiophobia, the fear of movement due to pain. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) is a recognized tool for assessing this condition, but there is a need for a version tailored to Urdu-speaking populations.
Objective: This study aimed to translate and validate the TSK into Urdu for patients with CLBP, ensuring its reliability and cultural relevance in the Pakistani context.
Methods: This descriptive cross-cultural linguistic validation study followed Bombardier, Beaton, and Guillemin’s guidelines. The TSK underwent forward and backward translation by two independent translators, a professor of Urdu literature and a medical professional. A final version was created and reviewed by bilingual experts, then validated by a panel of 20 physical therapists. This validated version was tested on 150 patients to determine the reliability of the Urdu version of the instrument.
Results: The Urdu version of the TSK achieved a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.986 post-translation and 0.817 after testing with the target population. The inter-item correlation varied between 0.443 to 0.987. The intra-class correlation coefficient, indicating test-retest reliability, ranged from 0.1 to 0.8, demonstrating high reliability.
Conclusion: The Urdu version of the TSK is a valid and reliable tool for assessing kinesiophobia in patients with CLBP. It exhibits good construct validity, high internal consistency, as well as good test-retest reliability and low to moderate responsiveness.
Peranan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia
Authors: Munthe Asmaira , M. Yarham  , Ridwana Siregar
Published: December 2023

Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) merupakan kegiatan usaha yang mampu memperluas lapangan kerja, memberikan pelayanan ekonomi secara luas kepada masyarakat berperan dalam proses pemerataan dan peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat, mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan berperan dalam mewujudkan stabilitas nasional. Peran penting tersebut telah mendorong Indonesia untuk terus berupaya meningkatkan daya saing UKM dalam menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan UMKM di kalangan masyarakat dan meningkatkan daya saing UMKM untuk menghadapi MEA 2016 Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan tipe diskriptif. Teknik penentuan informan dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Proses analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data dan menyajikan data yang telah diperoleh untuk kemudian dilakukan penarikan kesimpulan.  Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan UMKM dikalangan masyarakat dan meningkatkan daya saing UMKM dilihat dari segi produktivitas : penggunaan alat produksi yang sederhana serta pendidikan SDM pelaku UKM masih rendah namun tetap menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas. Segi kualitas produk UKM sudah bagus namun perlu peningkatan. Segi nilai : harga produk UKM yang dihasilkan mampu diterima oleh masyarakat, kemudahan dalam pembelian cukup mudah karena telah ada tempat pusat oleh-oleh, ketersediaan produk tersedia apabila ada pesanan. Segi penetapan posisi : UKM melakukan promosi melalui pameran serta media internet. Segi penciptaan brand : sebagian besar produk UKM belum mempunyai hak paten.
Sources for the reconstruction of the "parade" and "non-parade" portraits of students of the state labor reserves (1904–1950s)
Authors: Larionova Marina Barievna
Published: December 2023

The socio-cultural appearance of students in the system of state labor reserves has not been the subject of special study by specialists. At the same time, the creation in 1940 of the system of state labor reserves of the USSR was accompanied by the formation of a specific social group, the study of the socio-cultural characteristics of which will complement the already existing ideas about the working youth of the Soviet period. The subject of the study are documents as historical sources. The object is students of the system of state labor reserves as a separate social group. The purpose of the article is to present a corpus of official documents and documents of personal origin, which are historical sources for the reconstruction of stable, integral images of students, forming the basis of "ceremonial" and "non–parade" portraits as a set of characteristics (markers) aimed at highlighting socio-demographic features, cultural values and mental characteristics, behavioral practices and appearance of representatives of this social group. The methodological basis of the research is the methods of source analysis and synthesis, which allow to reveal the content component of documents for the study of the declared topic. The results of the study are: 1) the allocation of six types of historical sources from the official records of the central and regional labor reserves management bodies to fiction, allowing to reconstruct the "parade" and "non-parade" portraits of students of the state labor reserves system as a separate social group; 2) disclosure of the information potential of these six types of historical sources, taking into account their source-study features for the reconstruction of the socio-cultural appearance of students.
Christian discourse of the English series «Robin of Sherwood» (1984–1986) and its reflection in the modern literary internet space of Russia
Authors: Shirokova Marina Alekseevna
Published: December 2023

The subject of the study is the Christian discourse of the English TV series «Robin of Sherwood» (1984–1986). As a methodological basis for the scientific work, a philosophical-hermeneutic approach is used, presented, in particular, in the works of W. Dilthey, H.-G. Gadamer and M.M. Bakhtin. The most important structure of understanding is the principle of the «hermeneutic circle», which assumes that the text as a whole is understood through each of its parts, and the part through the whole. In addition, understanding arises in the process of «dialogical cognition», a dialogue between the author, as well as the text as a subject, and the reader (viewer). The content of the series «Robin of Sherwood» is analyzed in the specific historical conditions of the 1980s. This is a period of growing social and cultural protest caused in Europe and the United States by the policy of neoconservatism and the reduction of social guarantees. Many phenomena previously classified as counterculture are becoming fashionable and becoming mainstream, including the legacy of paganism, pre-Christian mysticism and mythology. The article shows that the creators of the series intended to present Robin Hood not only as a leader of social or national resistance, but also as a defender of the ancient pagan religion against the new, Christian. An analysis is given of episodes from the first two seasons of the film, which trace criticism of the Christian church as an institution, as well as specific monks and clergy. In the third season, the critical pathos towards the church practically disappears. However, the author comes to the conclusion that it is the first two seasons that demonstrate the development of the moral consciousness of the characters from pagan to Christian, and Christian discourse is present in the film text, perhaps contrary to the original intention of its creators. There is also a reception of the Christian discourse of the series in the Russian and, more broadly, Russian-language literary Internet space, which is reflected in discussions on relevant literary and historical forums, as well as in works of fan literature
KARİKATÜRÜN GÜZEL SANATLARDA VE GÖRSEL İLETİŞİM TASARIMINDA TANIMI
Authors: ATAMAZ Elif
Published: December 2023

Tek başına anlam içeren, mesajı yazı kullanmadan da izleyiciye iletebilen, semantik anlamı güçlü, etkili bir iletişim sanatı olan karikatür; görsel imgeleri akıllıca ve estetik becerileri ile bir araya getirerek yeni anlamlar oluşturur ve bunu yaparken mizahı kullanarak izleyicileri hem güldürür hem de düşündürür. Matbaanın icadı ile birlikte hızla gelişen yayıncılık, günümüze doğru dijitalleşen medya ortamları, yeni iletişim yöntemleri ve modern sanat akımları içerisinde karikatür her zaman önemini korumuş, diğer sanat dalları ve görsel iletişim tasarımları ile etkileşim halinde kendini yenilemiş ve varlığını sürdürmüştür. Güçlü ve etkili bir iletişim aracı olan karikatürün tanımı toplumda hala çok net değildir ve akademik ortamlarda hak ettiği yeri bulamamaktadır. Üniversitelerin güzel sanatlar ve tasarım fakültelerinde ders müfredatında ve/veya sanat etkinliklerinde pek yer verilmez. Böyle bir sorunsaldan yola çıkılarak bu makalede, karikatür sanatının öncelikle tanımı yapılmış, diğer sanat dallarıyla ortaklıkları, benzerlikleri, etkileşimi ve görsel iletişim tasarımı içerisindeki yeri ve önemi araştırılmış ve araştırmanın sonunda ne denli önemli bir sanat ve iletişim aracı olduğuna dikkat çekilmiştir.
Neural network emulation of the human ventricular cardiomyocyte action potential: a tool for more efficient computation in pharmacological studies
Authors: Grandits Thomas , Augustin Christoph M. , Haase Gundolf , Jost Norbert , Mirams Gary R. , Niederer Steven A. , Plank Gernot , Varró András , Virág László , Jung Alexander
Published: December 2023

Computer models of the human ventricular cardiomyocyte action potential (AP) have reached a level of detail and maturity that has led to an increasing number of applications in the pharmaceutical sector. However, interfacing the models with experimental data can become a significant computational burden. To mitigate the computational burden, the present study introduces a neural network (NN) that emulates the AP for given maximum conductances of selected ion channels, pumps, and exchangers. Its applicability in pharmacological studies was tested on synthetic and experimental data. The NN emulator enabled a massive speed-up of more than 10
4
compared to regular simulations and the forward problem (find drugged AP for pharmacological parameters defined as scaling factors of control maximum conductances) on synthetic data could be solved with average root-mean-square errors (RMSE) of 0.47 mV in normal APs and of 13.6 mV in abnormal APs exhibiting early afterdepolarizations (72% of the emulated APs were alining with the abnormality, and the substantial majority of the remaining APs demonstrated pronounced proximity). This demonstrates not only very fast and mostly very accurate AP emulations but also the capability of accounting for discontinuities, a major advantage over existing emulation strategies. Furthermore, the inverse problem (find pharmacological parameters for control and drugged APs through optimization) on synthetic data could be solved with high accuracy shown by a maximum RMSE of 0.21 in the estimated pharmacological parameters. However, notable mismatches were observed between pharmacological parameters estimated from experimental data and distributions obtained from the Comprehensive in Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay initiative. This reveals larger inaccuracies which can be attributed particularly to the fact that small tissue preparations were studied while the emulator was trained on single cardiomyocyte data. Overall, our study highlights the potential of NN emulators as powerful tool for an increased efficiency in future quantitative systems pharmacology studies.
Inhibition of miR-199b-5p reduces pathological alterations in Osteoarthritis by tar-geting Fzd6 and Gcnt2
Authors: Feng Tong , Zhang Qi , Li Si-Hui , Zhou Shuan-hu , Wang Xin , Wang Jun-Meng , Liang Fan-Rong , Yu Shu-Guang , Wu Qiao-Feng
Published: December 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease with a high prevalence in the elderly population, but our understanding of its mechanisms remains incomplete. Analysis of serum exosomal small RNA sequencing data from clinical patients and gene expression data from OA patient serum and cartilage obtained from the GEO database revealed a common dysregulated miRNA, miR-NA-199b-5p. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that miRNA-199b-5p inhibits chondrocyte vitality and promotes extracellular matrix degradation. Conversely, inhibition of miRNA-199b- 5p under inflammatory conditions exhibited protective effects against damage. Local viral injec-tion of miRNA-199b-5p into mice induced a decrease in pain threshold and OA-like changes. In an OA model, inhibition of miRNA-199b-5p alleviated the pathological progression of OA. Fur-thermore, bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation identified
Gcnt2
and
Fzd6
as tar-get genes of miRNA-199b-5p. Thus, these results indicated that miRNA-199b-5p/
Gcnt2
and
Fzd6
axis might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of OA.
Body fluids and muscle changes in trail runners of various distances
Authors: Cebrián-Ponce Álex , Marini Elisabetta , Stagi Silvia , Castizo-Olier Jorge , Carrasco-Marginet Marta , Garnacho-Castaño Manuel Vicente , Noriega Zeasseska , Espasa-Labrador Javier , Irurtia Alfredo
Published: December 2023

Background

This study aims to investigate body fluids and muscle changes evoked by different trail races using anthropometric, bioelectrical, and creatine kinase (CK) measurements.

Methods

A total of 92 subjects (55 men, 37 women) participating in three different races of 14, 35, and 52 km were evaluated before (PRE) and after (POST) the races. Classic bioelectrical impedance vector analysis was applied at the whole-body level (WB-BIVA). Additionally, muscle-localized bioelectrical assessments (ML-BIVA) were performed in a subgroup of 11 men (in the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves). PRE-POST differences and correlations between bioelectrical values and CK, running time and race distance were tested.

Results

Changes in whole-body vectors and phase angles disclosed an inclination towards dehydration among men in the 14, 35, and 52 km groups (p < 0.001), as well as among women in the 35 and 52 km groups (p < 0.001). PRE Z/H was negatively correlated with running time in the 35 km men group and 14 km women group (r = −0.377, p = 0.048; r = −0.751, p = 0.001; respectively). POST Z/H was negatively correlated with running time in the 14 km women group (r = −0.593, p = 0.02). CK was positively correlated with distance in men and women (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with reactance and vector length in the 14 km men group (p < 0.05). ML-BIVA echoed the same tendency as the WB-BIVA in the 35 and 52 km runners, with the most notable changes occurring in the calves (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

WB-BIVA and CK measurements underscored a conspicuous trend towards post-race dehydration and muscle damage, displaying a weak association with performance. Notably, ML-BIVA detected substantial alterations primarily in the calves. The study underscores the utility of BIVA as a technique to assess athlete’s body composition changes.
Electric organ discharge from electric eel facilitates DNA transformation into teleost larvae in laboratory conditions
Authors: Sakaki Shintaro , Ito Reo , Abe Hideki , Kinoshita Masato , Hondo Eiichi , Iida Atsuo
Published: December 2023

Background

Electric eels (Electrophorus sp.) are known for their ability to produce electric organ discharge (EOD) reaching voltages of up to 860 V. Given that gene transfer via intense electrical pulses is a well-established technique in genetic engineering, we hypothesized that electric eels could potentially function as a gene transfer mechanism in their aquatic environment.

Methods

To investigate this hypothesis, we immersed zebrafish larvae in water containing DNA encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and exposed them to electric eel’s EOD.

Results and Discussion

Some embryos exhibited a mosaic expression of green fluorescence, in contrast to the control group without electrical stimulation, which showed little distinct fluorescence. This suggests that electric eel EOD has the potential to function as an electroporator for the transfer of DNA into eukaryotic cells. While electric eel EOD is primarily associated with behaviors related to sensing, predation, and defense, it may incidentally serve as a possible mechanism for gene transfer in natural environment. This investigation represents the initial exploration of the uncharted impact of electric eel EOD, but it does not directly establish its significance within the natural environment. Further research is required to understand the ecological implications of this phenomenon.
Comparative Assessment Studies on Different Feed Formulation Methods with Novel Aquafeed Software in African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Farming in Earthen Ponds
Authors: Adesuyi O. D.  , Gbadamonsi O. K.  , Oladipupo T. M.
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the impact of a novel Aquafeed software system on the growth, nutrient utilization, and economic feasibility of production African catfish, Clarias Gariepinus, in earthen ponds. Being a critical species for aquaculture in many continents, optimizing feed management is essential for enhancing productivity and sustainability. Fifty (50) apparently healthy Clarias gariepinus fingerlings weighing (6.50-7.00 g) was allotted into each of the nine hapas and fed for a period of 72 days. During the experimental period, water quality parameters were meticulously monitored to ensure optimal conditions for the growth of Clarias gariepinus. The nutrient composition of the fish carcasses, including crude protein, lipid, ash, moisture, and nitrogen-free extract, were analyzed in to assess their nutritional status. The results revealed that the implementation of the novel FUTA Aquafeed software significantly enhanced the growth and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings at (p<0.05) when compared to traditional formulation methods of Pearson square and Winfeed. This software- driven approach provides a more precise and tailored feeding regimen, resulting in improved fish performance. A comprehensive cost analysis underscores the economic advantages of utilizing the Aquafeed software. It demonstrates that the software not only contributes to enhanced fish growth but also reduces production costs, thus improving the overall economic viability of Clarias gariepinus aquaculture in earthen ponds. Aquafeed has the highest amount of water molecule of 14.43%, Protein content of 44.01% for auqafeed, Lipid content from the analyzed result state 19.21% for aquafeed, ash recorded, 17.01%, 17.79% and 16.15% for pearson, and aquafeed respectively, while fiber accumulate 0.63%, 0.78%. 1.00% pearson, windfeed and aquafeed respectively. Nitrogen Free Extract dwindle between 7.50 and 5.09%, all these buttress the fact the FUTA Aquafeeds has better performance than two others.
Conducting Patient and Clinician Participatory Design Sessions to Create a User-Centered Mobile Application for Adults with Asthma
Authors: Miao Amanda , Khakshour Doreen , Cosar Emine , Hsia Brian , Zheng Kai , Kaur Savneet , Singh Anjani K. , Njeze Obumneme , Feldman Jonathan , Reznik Marina , Jariwala Sunit P.
Published: December 2023

Objective: ASTHMAXcel is a patient-facing mobile health self-management application associated with improvements in asthma knowledge and clinical outcomes. The goal of this study was to gain feedback from adult patients and primary care clinicians regarding the ASTHMAXcel mobile app for asthma patients.
Materials and Methods: We conducted two participatory design sessions; one with underserved adult patients and one with outpatient primary care clinicians. Participant attitudes were assessed regarding current asthma care gaps, the usefulness of asthma apps, and desired features of an app. Thematic maps were used to qualitatively analyze the data and structured using affinity diagrams.
Results: Nine patients (67% F, mean age 48.0) and seven clinicians (71% F, mean age 54.6) participated in the study. Qualitative analyses of both groups suggested the improvement in education of patients with asthma, self-tracking, peer support, and motivational content. All participants acknowledged that patients miss signs of asthma exacerbations and lack the knowledge for appropriate self-management. Both patients and clinicians recommended adding specific educational content including medication side effects and breathing exercises. They sought the ability to track symptoms, medications, and visits across hospital systems. Patients suggested social engagement as a way of reducing stigmatization related to asthma.
Conclusion: Participatory design sessions enabled subject feedback to guide the refinement of ASTHMAXcel and facilitated the development of ASTHMAXcel PRO, an updated app encompassing many of the discussed features. Main updates include self-tracking patient-reported outcomes (PROs), tailored medication reminders, and a user leaderboard to encourage the collection of PROs.
Long Term Effect of Organic and Inorganic Manures on Rice Productivity and Major Nutrient Dynamics in 33 Years Old Rice-Rice Cropping System of Godavari Delta
Authors: Raju B. E. N. V. V. D. N. , Sreenivas Ch. , Rani I. Usha , Kadiyala M. D. M. , Sridhar T. V.
Published: December 2023

Aim: To study the “Long Term Effect of Organic and Inorganic Manures on Rice Productivity and Major nutrient dynamics in 33 years old Rice- Rice Cropping System of Godavari Delta”.

Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2022 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, West Godavari district in the ongoing All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP) on Long term soil fertility management in low land rice soils of Godavari delta under rice-rice cropping system.

Study Design and Methodology: Treatments imposed in this study were T1: Control, T2: 50 % NPK, T3: 50% NPK + 50 % N-FYM, T4: 50 % NPK + 50% N-Green Manure, T5: 50 % NPK + 50 % N-Azospirillum, T6: FYM @ 10t/ha, T7: 100 % NPK+Zn+S, T8: 100 % NPK +Zn+S+FYM @ 5 t ha-1. All together 8 treatments laid out in RBD with three Replications. The application of fertiliser was carried out in accordance with the treatments. The prescribed fertiliser dose (90:60:60) was administered in the following forms:  urea (46% N), single superphosphate (16% P2O5), muriate of potash (60% K2O), and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O) @ 50 kg ha-1. The total dosage of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc were applied as basal. Three equally divided applications of nitrogen were made: one at the basal, one at the tillering stage, and one at the panicle initiation stage. Well decomposed farmyard manure (FYM) manure and Pheltophorum (green leaf manure) were applied one week before transplanting. Popular cultivar of Kharif rice MTU 1064 (Amara) was used for the study.

Results: Long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers and their combination didn’t show any marked difference on physico-chemical properties of soil (pH and EC). Bulk density was recorded lowest in FYM @ 10 t ha-1 and it was on par with (T8, T3, T4, T5). Organic carbon was observed highest in FYM @ 10 t ha-1 and it was on par with (T8 and T3). There was a significant impact of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers and their combination on soil chemical properties, highest available N, P, K, S and Zn was observed highest in conjunctive treatment (T8) 100 % NPK + Zn + S + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 whereas, lowest was recorded in control.  There was a significant impact on grain and straw yields. Highest grain and straw yields were recorded in (T8) 100 % NPK + Zn + S +FYM @ 5 t ha-1 and it was on par with (T7) 100 % NPK + Zn + S.

Conclusions: After the investigation, present study concludes that conjunctive and combined application of organics with inorganics improve soil physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties of the soil.
Assessment of Ginger Genotypes under Coconut Ecosystem for Quantitative and Qualitative Traits
Authors: Sivakumar V. , Kumar M. , Balakumbahan R. , Vanitha K. , Vidhya D. , Karthikeyan S. , Sudha R.
Published: December 2023

Ginger is one of the major spice grown in subtropical hilly regions and ultivation of ginger under coconut ecosystem is gaining popular among the farmers. Coimbatore district, Pollachi region is one of the major coconut growing belt in Tamilandu. With this view an experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of ginger genotypes under coconut ecosystem at Coconut Research Station, Aliyar Nagar, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2018- 2020. . Fourteen ginger genotypes/ varieties were collected for this study. The ginger rhizomes were sown in the prepared land all cultural operations as per the TNAU recommendations were followed uniformly. Growth and yield parameters of ginger genotypes were recorded for three seasons. The date collected were pooled and analysed for statistical significance. Among the fourteen varieties of ginger, var. Athira  excelled with respect to number of primary fingers (4.8), length of primary fingers (4.4 cm), diameter of primary finger (2.5 cm), number of secondary finger (5.7), days to maturity (248), TSS (10.40 Brix), acidity (0.41%), Dry matter content (18.9%), fibre content (9.6%), Essential oil content (11.2 mg/g of dry ginger), Gingerol content (19.6 mg/g of dry ginger ) and lowest incidence of soft rot (11.4 %). On the basis of good performance Athira is adjudged as the suitable ginger genotype under coconut shade condition of this region.