bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Sensitivity and Specificity of Third and Fourth Generation ELISA in detecting Hepatitis B Virus among Blood Donors
Authors: Shreya P Desai
Published: November 2023

Aim

To compare the 4th generation ELISA with 3rd generation ELISA for early detection of HBV infection among voluntary blood donors and for specificity.

Material and methods

779 samples of voluntary blood donors were tested for HBsAg by 3rd generation ELISA and 4th generation ELISA.

The results were compared and discrepant samples were further tested by NAT (RT-PCR) and HBe antigen and HBc antibody by CMIA.

Results

279 were found HBsAg reactive and 500 samples were found non-reactive by third generation ELISA.

Out of these 279 we found 3 samples to be non-reactive by fourth generation ELISA.

Discrepant samples were then tested for NAT which  also gave comparative results with fourth generation ELISA. Two samples were further tested for marker study. Marker study also showed that these two samples were negative for HBV infection.

Conclusions

The results of 4th generation ELISA, NAT and HBV markers were found comparable in our prospective study

We had 3 false positives with III generation

Thus 4th generation kit for HBsAg is more specific than 3rd generation ELISA and comparable with better method like NAT.

In India where NAT testing is costly and not mandatory, 4th generation ELISA can be preferred as it is will decrease false positive and rejection of donors
Temporal Expectancy in Driving : An Automated Future
Authors: Raeeka Sengupta
Published: November 2023

The difference in temporal expectancy between participants who are experienced in driving automated vehicles, and participants who are experienced in using only manually driven vehicles, is measured. The period in seconds between the change in stimulus, or in this case, the signal changing from green to red, and the onset of the action, in this case, the muscle tension generated in the ankles before pressing the brake, measures temporal expectancy. This exercise is carried out for each participant through a driving simulator of either manually driven features or auto-pilot features, based on the type of driving experience of the participant. The mean temporal expectancy of each participant is calculated through the cumulation of a definite number of trials. Thus, the means are used to derive the average temporal expectancy of each of the two groups based on auto-pilot or manual drivers. The group tabulated to have lesser seconds as a measure of temporal expectancy, is inferred to have better temporal expectancy.
Development of Electrometer for Dose Area Product (DAP) Measurement to Monitor Patient Dose in Radiography Examinations
Authors: Hidayat Hidayat  , Choirul Anam  , Eko Hidayanto  , Ulil A. Taufiq
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to develop an electrometer for dose area product (DAP) measurement to monitor patient doses on X-ray radiography examinations. The electrometer was developed based on the Atmega8535 microcontroller as the processing unit. This electrometer was operated at 12 volts of direct current (DC) and controlled by buttons for navigation. The system (i.e. in-house electrometer and DAP meter) was carefully designed so that it can easily perform calibration and dose measurements. The system was evaluated at variations of tube voltage, tube current, and exposure time. The developed system results in high accuracy and precision as indicated by low percent error (PE) and relative standard deviation (RSD) compared to standard system. The highest PE and RSD are 1.69% and 1.42% for tube voltage variation, 3.85% and 3.58% for tube current variations, and 12.10% and 0.92% for exposure time variations. In conclusion, the developed system is feasible to be used as a patient dose measurement tool to meet the needs of radiation protection to achieve the principle of “as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
Considérations générales sur la loi générale sur la protection des données et ses principaux défis au Brésil
Authors: Torreão André D Albuquerque
Published: November 2023

Si, d’une part, le souci de la protection des données représente un progrès au Brésil, d’autre part, on considère que l’ignorance de la technologie, ainsi que les ressources infrastructurelles encore limitées au Brésil sont présentées comme un obstacle majeur dans cette relation, et tendent à créer une ligne de judiciarisation qui peut et doit être discutée. Ainsi, cette étude a comme question guide: Quels sont les principaux défis au Brésil dans la mise en œuvre d’une loi sur la protection des données? Son objectif principal était d’apporter des subventions à la réflexion afin de servir de base à des discussions plus approfondies et plus interdisciplinaires sur le sujet. Cherchant donc, à apporter un bref aperçu des obstacles qui sont encore peu discutés.
La quantificazione del danno morale e l’impossibilità dell’richiesta generica
Authors: Torreão André D Albuquerque , Dendasck Carla Viana
Published: November 2023

Una delle sfide contemporanee della magistratura è direttamente legata alla ricerca della rottura della lentezza, garantendo la fluidità da parte della magistratura e l’accesso alla giustizia della società nel suo complesso. Una delle alternative si basa sulla necessità per i professionisti di presentare azioni che hanno consolidato i sussidi per la loro esistenza, riducendo così l’onere della magistratura. Anche i processi per danni morali rappresentano una percentuale importante, portando addirittura alcuni autori a segnalare l’esistenza di una “banalizzazione” di questo tipo di processo. In questo contesto, questo articolo presenta la seguente domanda guida: come quantificare il danno morale e quali sono le conseguenze di entrare con una domanda generica? Pertanto, gli obiettivi qui delineati hanno cercato di comprendere come si verifica il danno morale, passando attraverso il suo contesto storico, il diritto alla riparazione del danno e, infine, la necessità di guardare alla creazione di un processo solido inserendo un’azione al fine di evitare la banalizzazione di questo tipo di processo.
Consideraciones generales sobre la ley general de protección de datos y sus principales desafíos en Brasil
Authors: Torreão André D Albuquerque , Dendasck Carla Viana
Published: November 2023

Si, por un lado, la preocupación por la protección de datos representa un avance en Brasil, por otro lado, se considera que el desconocimiento de la tecnología, así como, los recursos de infraestructura aún limitados en Brasil se presentan como un obstáculo importante en esta relación, y tiende a crear una línea de judicialización que puede y debe ser discutida. Por lo tanto, este estudio tiene como pregunta orientativa: ¿Cuáles son los principales desafíos en Brasil en la implementación de una Ley de Protección de Datos? Su objetivo principal era aportar subsidios para la reflexión con el fin de servir de base para discusiones más profundas e interdisciplinarias sobre el tema. Buscando entonces, traer una breve visión general de los obstáculos que aún están siendo poco discutidos.
ПАРСЕР АРИФМЕТИЧНИХ ВИРАЗІВ ДЛЯ ВИВЧЕННЯ ОСНОВ ПАРАЛЕЛЬНИХ ОБЧИСЛЕНЬ
Authors: Лупан Ірина Володимирівна , Гацелюк Сергій Володимирович
Published: November 2023

Нові покоління мов програмування потребують внесення в методику навчання нових ідей та понять, без знання яких студент не зможе проявити на практиці стійких навичок написання реальних комп’ютерних програм. Методика навчання дисциплін, пов’язаних з програмуванням, вимагає ретельного опрацювання дидактичного матеріалу, представлення його у різноманітних формах для кращого усвідомлення та засвоєння студентами. Особливо це стосується методики навчання паралельних обчислень. Якісне засвоєння пов’язаних з ним понять, технологічних та алгоритмічних підходів можна забезпечити, якщо на перших етапах використовувати наочні моделі паралельних процесів. Прикладом такої моделі може бути схема обчислення арифметичного виразу, який містить арифметичні оператори та дужки. Оскільки окремі дії, відповідно до пріоритетів арифметичних операцій, можна виконувати одночасно, то розпаралелювання такого виразу є, з одного боку, задачею досить простою для початкового ознайомлення з паралельними обчисленнями, а з іншого, дозволяє виділити окремі підзадачі, встановити зв’язки між ними, визначити характеристики потенційного паралельного алгоритму, дослідити залежність між кількістю наявних обчислювачів (процесорів) та часом виконання алгоритму тощо. У статті описано програмний засіб TreeBuilder, розроблений в рамках дослідження, для візуалізації дерева формули, побудованої за введеним арифметичним виразом, та обчислення характеристик алгоритму обчислень. Засіб TreeBuilder може бути корисним для формування «паралельного мислення» у студентів молодших курсів та старшокласників. Для побудови дерева формули та обчислення характеристик алгоритму обчислень в рамках дослідження було розроблено алгоритм парсингу арифметичних виразів та здійснено його програмну реалізацію мовою С#.
МЕТОДИКА ВИВЧЕННЯ СУЧАСНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ І ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ОПОРЯДЖЕННЯ ВИРОБІВ ІЗ ДЕРЕВИНИ НА УРОКАХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Рябець Сергій Іванович , Ліснича Ірина Андріївна
Published: November 2023

У статті розглядаються сучасні матеріали та технології опорядження виробів з деревини, що є важливою галуззю виробництва меблів, дизайну інтер’єру тощо, що, у контексті зростаючого інтересу до сталого розвитку та екологічних аспектів використання деревини, стає все більш привабливим. Стаття оглядає інноваційні методи й процеси, які вивчають учні на уроках технологічної освіти. Зокрема, серед останніх зазначено комп’ютерне керування, використання лазерних технологій, автоматизацію й роботизацію процесів, 3D-друк деревини, нові матеріали та прогресивні методи обробки. Також наводяться різновиди опоряджень деревних матеріалів, зокрема, такі як: гладка обробка (гобелен), фрезерування, обробка фанери, пресування, термообробка, консервація, клеєння, плетіння, лазерна обробка, обробка струмом, обпалювання, імпрегнування, обпилювання, фарбування, термомодифікація, обробка газом, модифікація фенольною смолою, епоксидною смолою, ультразвукова обробку тощо. Важливою складовою опорядження є захисно-декоративні покриття, такі як лаки, фарби та інші матеріали, де стійкість до атмосферних впливів, механічних пошкоджень, зносостійкість та стійкість до забруднень є основними характеристиками. Застосування сучасних технологій фарбування та тонування деревини дозволяє досягти багатогранності вибору кольорів та відтінків, задовольняючи різноманітні вимоги дизайну та інтер’єру. Використання спеціальних фарб та барвників дозволяє надати деревині додаткову захист від ультрафіолетового випромінювання, що забезпечує збереження яскравості кольору протягом тривалого часу. Саме вибір матеріалу та правильне застосування технологій грають важливу роль у досягненні високої експлуатаційної здатності покриттів. Загальний огляд цих технологій допомагає зрозуміти перспективи розвитку цієї галузі і надає основу для подальшої професійної діяльності учнів.
АКТИВІЗАЦІЯ ПРОФОРІЄНТАЦІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ З УЧНЯМИ 10–11 КЛАСІВ ЗАСОБАМИ МУЛЬТИМЕДІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Царенко Олександр Миколайович , Царенко Ірина Леонтіївна , Кулик Аліна Олексіївна
Published: November 2023

Стаття присвячена виявленню дидактичних можливостей мультимедійних технологій у профорієнтаційній роботі з учнями 10-11 класів як ефективних засобів їх професійного самовизначення. З’ясовано, що активність учнівської молоді щодо вибору майбутнього виду трудової діяльності суттєво зростає в старшому шкільному віці, адже випускники постають перед вибором майбутньої професії. Проте очевидна застарілість методичних розробок для вчителів різного фаху, які мають спільно працювати в напрямі допомоги старшокласникам у професійному самовизначенні, суттєво обмежує їхні можливості, особливо з урахуванням такого чинника, як інтенсивний розвиток засобів інформаційних комунікацій і мультимедійних технологій. Проаналізовані у статті науково-педагогічні джерела і передовий педагогічний досвід переконують, що сучасні мультимедійні технології стали невід’ємною частиною освітнього процесу. На основі експериментального впровадження мультимедійних технологій з профорієнтаційною метою в комунальному закладі «Олександрівський ліцей № 2» Олександрівської селищної ради Кропивницького району Кіровоградської області ефективними виявилися такі методики: використання відеоінтерв’ю з фахівцями; застосування он-лайн тестування; використання візуалізації професій; проведення віртуальних екскурсій у формі ділових ігор; реалізація групових проєктів. Разом з цим виявлені недоліки, пов’язані із невизначеністю значної частини старшокласників щодо майбутньої професії. Такий стан зумовлює потребу активізації профорієнтаційної роботи в закладах освіти, адже нереалізованими залишаються профорієнтаційні можливості соціальних медіа-платформ, зокрема YouTube, Instagram, LinkedIn та інших, що може бути перспективним напрямом удосконалення освітнього процесу. Водночас результати дослідження дали змогу визначити основні кроки професійної орієнтації учнів старшого шкільного віку, якими стали: самоаналіз, дослідження професій, практичні дослідження, консультації інших фахівців, планування майбутньої кар’єри. У дослідженні наголошується, що професійна орієнтація є перманентним процесом, тому представники молодого покоління можуть змінювати свої цілі та інтереси через деякий час. Однак ретельна підготовка і розуміння своїх можливостей допоможуть старшокласникам зробити обґрунтований вибір щодо своєї майбутньої кар’єри.
Application of Data Mining with K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm for Shallot Price Prediction
Authors: Dewi Br Sinulingga Yuana Inka , Avianto Donny
Published: November 2023

Shallots are an important and widely consumed bulb crop in Indonesia, both for medicinal and culinary purposes. However, shallot yield is substantially affected by its supply, often leading to significant price fluctuations that greatly impact consumers and producers, especially farmers. Farmers who cannot accurately predict shallot prices often incur losses when selling to shallot distributors. If this problem is not resolved, it may discourage farmers from cultivating shallots. Therefore, a prediction system is needed to forecast shallot prices in the future, thus helping farmers make the right decisions. This research uses the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm for shallot price prediction. KNN classifies data into specific categories based on the closest distance to a set of k patterns for each category, using the Euclidean distance formula to calculate the distance. The dataset consists of 303 entries with five features: farmer price, seller price, retail price, seed price, and yield. The test results of the Shallot Price Prediction System in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, using the K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm, showed the best performance when using 80% training data and 20% testing data, with a value of k=2, resulting in a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 25,786 and a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 72. This system empowers farmers to predict the future price of shallots before selling their crops to distributors.
Changes in Profit For IDX-Listed Cigarette Companies Between 2018 and 2021 and Their Relative Importance to Net Profit Margin, ROE, and ROA
Authors: Solihin Danna , Nurfitri  , Indrawati Andi , Nur Muhammad
Published: November 2023

This study aims determine and analyse the impact of Net Profit Margin, Return On Equity, and Return On Assets on the profit changes of BEI-listed tobacco companies from 2018 to 2022. Multiple linear regression analysis, the normality test, the autocorrelation test, the multicollinearity test, the heteroscedasticity test, the coefficient test, and the t test are employed as analytic instruments.According to research, Net Profit Margin (NPM) has a significant impact on the Changes in Profits of Cigarette Companies on the IDX in 2018-2021, while Return On Assets (ROA) and Return On Equity (ROE) do not. Net Profit Margin (NPM) has a significant impact on changes in profit; when NPM is high, a company is able to generate high profits from each transaction and/or reduce costs, ensuring that profit growth will continue to increase. Return On Assets (ROA) and Return On Equity (ROE) have no significant effect on changes in company profits because the increase in Return On Assets (ROA) and Return On Equity (ROE) is not only caused by increased profits generated by the company, but can also be caused by a decrease in the total assets or equity of the company even though the profits generated tend to remain in the same period, so that under these conditions the ratio of profits to total assets and equities tends to remain constant.
Preferensi Konsumen dalam Membeli Produk Frozen Food
Authors: Ikhsanu Ardi Putra Khoiril , Manafe Leonard Adrie , Masyhuri Mohammad Ali
Published: November 2023

Keputusan pelanggan terhadap pembelian suatu produk akan terus berganti setiap saat, dikarenakan hal tersebut penting bagi perusahaan demi memahami pelanggan terhadap suatu produknya guna memajukan bisnis yang dijalankan. Riset ini mempunyai beberapa tujuan, Pertama mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi keputusan pelanggan dalam memilih produk frozen food di Ardi Frozen Food. Kedua, mengetahui seberapa banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pelanggan dalam pembelian produk frozen food. Ketiga, menguji penerapan faktor apa yang lebih berpengaruh besar terhadap preferensi konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui proses survei terhadap 10 konsumen yang menjadi pelanggan frozen food di Ardi Frozen Food. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan sesi wawancara terhadap informan yang menjadi pelanggan setia dalam pembelian frozen food di Ardi Frozen Food. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa rasa, harga, kemasan dan merek merupakan faktor terpenting yang berdampak pada preferensi konsumen dalam menentukan untuk membeli produk frozen food. Dari keempat faktor tersebut bahwa rasa lebih dominan dalam menentukan keputusan pembelian frozen food.
Peningkatan Kinerja Karyawan; Ditinjau dari Motivasi Kerja
Authors: Utami Vivi Mega , Manafe Leonard Adrie , Wulansari Dhyah
Published: November 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsi dan analisa yang berkaitan dengan motivasi kerja di PT. Krisantium Offset Printing dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan cara pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan informan dan temuan penelitian di lapangan. Informan penelitian ini dilakukan secara random yaitu delapan orang perwakilan karyawan yang mampu memberikan penjelasan terhadap topik penelitian. Perusahaan memberikan dorongan secara internal seperti memberikan upah, tambahan uang lembur, dan jaminan kesehatan maupun ketenagakerjaan, dan dorongan secara eksternal seperti menambah wawasan karyawan dengan mengikuti workshop yang sesuai dengan skills karyawan tersebut. Setelah melakukan pengumpulan data dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi kerja yang kurang sehingga perlu di perbaiki lagi. Kurangnya rasa tanggung jawab yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan ini dan kurangnya motivasi yang diberikan pemimpin perusahaan, Pemimpin dituntut untuk mengatasi masalah ini tanpa adanya jalan keluar dari perusahaan.Karena kurangnya motivasi tersebut menjadikan salah satu faktor karyawan mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan.
Performance of Row Spacing on the Yield of Sesame Varieties
Authors: Khan Mohammad Ayub Hossain , Islam Maminul
Published: November 2023

The experiment was carried out during kharif-I season of 2020 in the experimental field of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Cumilla to evaluate the optimum plant spacing of sesame varieties. There were four plants spacing S1 (30 ××5 cm2), S2 (30×× 10 cm2), S3 (40 ××5 cm2) and S4 (40×× 10 cm2) and two sesame varieties of V1 (BARI Til 3) and V2 (BARI Til 4) were included in the experiment. The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three replications. The highest seed yield (1646 kg ha-1) was found from BARI Til 4 but the highest number of capsule plant-1 and number of branches plant-1 were obtained from BARI Til-3. The maximum seed yield (1913 kg ha-1) was achieved in the interaction of S4V2 (40 ××10 cm2 and BARI Til 4) that was identical to S2V2 (30 x 10 cm2 and BARI Til 4).

Bangladesh Agron. J. 2023, 26(1): 28-31
Subspeciality or super speciality in paediatric surgery – is it essential or luxury?
Authors: Siddiqui Md Tosaddeque Hossain
Published: November 2023

Abstract not available
Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2016) Vol. 7 (2): 27-28
Notes on an old problem of Hungarian historical vocalism: the sporadic (?) change of Uralic *u > Hungarian a, á
Authors: Holopainen Sampsa
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the alleged sound change Proto-Uralic *u > Hungarian a, á. The etymologies manifesting this change that have been presented in earlier etymological literature are critically examined, and it is shown that a significant portion of them are wrong or based on outdated reconstructions. New explanations for many etymologies are presented, and possible causes for the few convincing examples of *u > a are discussed.
Level berpikir probabilistik siswa SMPN 3 Satu Atap Gebog
Authors: Rohman Muhamad Gani
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui level kemampuan berpikir probabilistik siswa SMPN 3 Satu Atap Gebog Kudus. Kemampuan berpikir probabilistik dipandang sebagai kemampuan yang penting bagi masa depan siswa karena pasti dimasa mendatang para siswa akan menghadapi situasi ketidakpastian.  Memiliki level kemampuan berpikir probabilisitk yang baik memudahkan para siswa mengambil keputusan dengan lebih baik di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini adalah sebuah penelitian kualitatif dengan pemilihan subjek penelitian secara purposive sampling dengan enam sampel untuk mengetahui level kemampuan probabilistik siswa kelompok atas, tengah, dan bawah. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari instrumen dokumen tes kemampuan berpikir probabilistik dan wawancara. Data analisis dokumentasi tes probabilistik siswa kemudian disandingan dengan hasil wawancara siswa dengan teknik triangulasi untuk memperoleh kesimpulan instrumen indikator kemampuan berpikir probabilistik siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan level berpikir probabilistik siswa SMPN 3 Satu Atap Gebog beserta indikator kemampuan berpikir probabilistik siswa kelompok bawah berada pada level Subjektif, siswa kelompok tengah pada level Transisi, dan siswa kelompok atas pada level Numerik.Kata Kunci : Level Berpikir Probabilistik, Kemampuan Berpikir Probabilistik, Tes Kemampuan Probabilistik
Penerapan teori APOS dengan siklus ACE dalam pembelajaran matematika pada siswa kelas IX
Authors: Syahri Andi Alim , Erwin Nurdiansyah Erwin , Bahar Erni Ekafitria
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh penerapan teori APOS dengan siklus ACE dalam pembeljaran matematika pada siswa kelas IX. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas SMP Negeri 24 Bulukumba tahun 2022-2023 dan adapun sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX.A sebanyak 26 orang siswa. Tekhnik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes hasil belajar, lembar observasi, dan angket respon siswa. Data yang terkumpul dianalisi dengan menggunakan analisis statistic deskriptif dan analisisi inferensial. Dari hasil analisi di peroleh, (1) keterlaksanaan pembelajaran memperoleh rata-rata sebesar 3,58 (kategori terlaksana); (2) Persentase aktivitas siswa selama 3 kali pertemuan sebesar 89,34%; (3) persentase siswa yang memberikan respons positif adalah 90,75%; dan (4) persentase ketuntasan siswa setelah pembelajaran teori APOS dengan siklus ACE yaitu 92,31% dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 82.44. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian uji-t diperoleh nilai p-value α,  yang berarti bahwa tuntas secara klasikal siswa lebih dari 84,99%, hasil belajar siswa memperoleh rata-rata lebih dari 74,99, dan skor rata-rata gain ternormalisasi lebih dari 0,30. Hal ini berarti bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif penerapan teori APOS dengan siklus ACE terhadap pembelajaran matematika siswa kelas IX SMPN 24 Bulukumba.
The effectiveness of task-based and project-based language teaching in improving speaking
Authors: Asuan Asuan
Published: November 2023

A quasi-experimental research had been conducted to test the effectiveness of using TBLT and PBLT in improving eighth-grade students’ speaking skill at Maitreyawira Junior High School in Batam. The researcher used pre-test and post-test with non-equivalent group design. Two classes (8H and 8I) that consist of 30 students in each class were chosen. The control class was taught by using TBLT and the experimental class was taught by using PBLT. The data were analyzed by paired and independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the students’ speaking skill. The sig-value in the control class was 0.001. There was also a significant difference in the students’ speaking skill with the sig-value of 0.000 in the experimental class. Both sig-values were lower than 0.05. Moreover, the students’ speaking scores were higher than before the treatment whether in control class or experimental class. It was proven by the improvement of 4.50 of the mean score in the control class, and the improvement of 5.86 of the mean score in the experimental class. Therefore, TBLT and PBLT were recommended to be used in teaching English, especially in teaching speaking in order to improve students’ speaking skill.
The influence of rainbow scrapbook learning media on student learning motivation
Authors: Yanti Fitri , Saragih Fathul Amira , Subrata Doni
Published: November 2023

The low motivation of students in learning is partly due to the use of learning media which is still limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Rainbow Scrapbook media on the learning motivation of class IX students in the Integrated Social Sciences subject at SMP Negeri 50 Batam. This type of research is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The selected experimental class IX F consisted of 39 students and the control class IX D consisted of 40 students. The experimental class was given the treatment using Rainbow Scrapbook media, while the control class was given the treatment using textbook media. The research instrument is in the form of a learning motivation questionnaire with a Likert scale of 37 question items. The results of the research class based on the tabulation of the frequency distribution of 39 students obtained an average (mean) of 68.82, and the control class from the tabulation of the frequency distribution of 40 students obtained an average (mean) of 67.87. The t-test analysis obtained a t count of 1.664 and a t table of 1.660 with a significance of 0.05. Because the t count is greater than the t table, then Ha can be accepted and Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a significant effect of using Rainbow Scrapbook media on student learning motivation.
Implementation of CBNA (Computer Based National Assessement) on Students Mental Readiness
Authors: Pratama M. Arifky , Na'imah Zannatun , Permatasari Iin , Pradana Oryza Putra , Pitriani Yetri
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe government through the Minister of Education and Culture circular letter Number 1 of 2021 decided that the National Examination would be abolished and prohibited by the National Assessment. Assessment is an activity to reveal the quality of the process and learning outcomes. In its implementation it is carried out computer-based so that it is called the Computer-Based National Assessment. ANBK is an assessment or assessment that is carried out at every stage of school starting from SD, SMP/MTS, SMA/SMK equivalent. The purpose of this study was to find out how the implementation of ANBK in elementary schools and students' mental readiness in dealing with ANBK. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with participants consisting of the Principal, Class V teacher and 2 students who were randomly selected from MIN 2 South Bengkulu. Data collection instruments in this study used observation, interview guides and field notes. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of ANBK at MIN 2 South Bengkulu is due to facilities constraints in the form of computers from each MIN 2 South Bengkulu which are less qualified. Then the mental readiness of students can know that students who are caught taking ANBK experience exam anxiety caused by an ingrained mindset that the National Assessment is a substitute for the National Examination so they are of the view that they have to do the Assessment seriously in order to get good and satisfying grades.
The role of intra-school student organizations in improving student discipline through Madrasah Darussalam organization of the class manager
Authors: Nafiah Lutfi Ainun , Hidayati Nurul , Asrori Khozinatul
Published: November 2023

Kedisiplinan merupakan prioritas dalam pendidikan. Dengan kedisiplinan siswa akan berkembang dengan baik dari segi afektif, psikomotorik, dan mendukung perkembangan siswa.. Bentuk dari pembelajaran tanggung jawab dan kedisiplinan bagi siswa berupa organisasi yang dijalankan oleh siswa sendiri dibawah kendali penanggung jawab kesiswaan. Secara tidak langsung organisasi siswa intra sekolah pun mempengaruhi budaya kedisiplinan siswa. Berdasarkan hal tersebut peneliti menggali fungsi dari organisasi, indikator kedisiplinan siswa, dan peran organisasi siswa intra sekolah dalam meningkatkan kediiplinan siswa. Penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus di Madrasah Darussalam Krempyang, penggalian data melalui wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Fungsi Organisasi Pengurus Kelas (OPK)  yaitu: menjadi motivator, wadah kesiswaan, wadah siswa untuk memaksimalkan sumber daya yang dimiliki, melalui kegiatan ekstra kurikuler seperti: pidato, jamkur, pramuka, training, pralantas dan pembinaan kedisiplinan. Faktor yang mampu mempengaruhi kedisiplinan siswa di Madrasah Darussalam: Keteladanan pemimpin, Sanksi dan hukuman yang sesuai dengan tingkat pelanggaran, Kesadaran diri, yang dibentuk dan dipaksa melalui peraturan dan tata tertib.
Ultrasound diagnostics of left ventricular hypertrophy: once more about the indexation of myocardial mass
Authors: Bogomolov S. N. , Solntsev V. N. , Kulikov A. N. , Kuchmin A. N.
Published: November 2023

We provided historical aspects and some features of different ultrasound diagnostic methods of left ventricular hypertrophy, their advantages and disadvantages. Using some methods of statistical analysis, we tried to assess the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and consistency of the two most commonly used methods of left ventricular mass indexations (to the body surface area and to the height 2.7) among patients with different body mass indexes. According to our results, among patients with body mass index less than 25.0 kg/m2, both left ventricular myocardial mass indexations have good consistency with each other and can be effectively used in the diagnostic of left ventricular hypertrophy. Fairly good consistency between the studied criteria among patients with a body mass index of 25.0–29.9 also, theoretically, allows to use both methods of indexation for the diagnosing of this pathology. According to the poor consistency of the studied criteria, in case of body mass index more than 30.0 kg/m2, left ventricular myocardial mass indexation to height 2,7 should be used only.
Medical thermography as a method to assessment of burn depth and treatment effectiveness in patients with burn injury
Authors: Volovik M. G. , Dolgov I. M. , Karamyshev Y. V. , Loshenko I. A. , Koskin V. S.
Published: November 2023

In this revue discuss the usefulness of static and active dynamic thermography for burn depth assessment as well as for estimation of the effectiveness of the different treatment modalities (cell therapy, humid ambience, evaluation of the donor skin area).
The effectiveness of metabiotics in the treatment of acute respiratory diseases
Authors: Baryshnikova N. V.
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the relevance and prospects of using metabiotics and targeted metabiotics in the complex therapy of acute respiratory diseases. The metabiotics (postbiotics) include bacterial metabolites and/or signaling molecules with a known chemical structure that optimize the composition and functions of the indigenous microbiota, including improving human immunity and metabolism. Bacterial metabolites of Bacillus subtilis SA44 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 strains demonstrate high efﬁciency in the treatment of patients with respiratory diseases. It is important to use targeted metabiotics, i.e. metabiotics that contribute to the restoration and maintenance of the microbiota of the respiratory organs and human immunity. Targeted metabiotics, as a rule, contain not only bacterial metabolites, but also additional substances with positive effects aimed at optimizing the functioning of a particular organ or system. An example of a targeted metabiotic for the treatment of acute respiratory diseases is a three-component Biocomplete® Bronchobiotic complex, which includes inactivated bacteria of the species Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 (the metabiotic, is an antagonist of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms, promotes immunity), inulin (the prebiotic, serves as nutrition for the indigenous ﬂora) and thyme extract (has expectorant, anti-inﬂammatory and bactericidal, antioxidant effect).
Studying the commitment to physical activity of medical university students
Authors: Sapozhnikov S. A.
Published: November 2023

The basis of a healthy lifestyle is not only the rejection of bad habits, but also an increase in physical activity (FA). The importance of FA for medical university students is due to the fact that their future profession involves promoting a healthy lifestyle, including FA, among the population. The purpose of the study included studying the FA of medical university students in different courses of study. An online survey of 306 medical university students was conducted using a Scale of Exercise Beneﬁts/barriers. It was found that a greater number of beneﬁts from physical education and a smaller number of barriers were revealed in 1st-year students and a progressive change in this ratio in older students. The analysis of the FA of medical students revealed that 1st year students devote more time to physical activity (sports) in comparison with undergraduates. The main reason for the low FA among students is the lack of free time. During the COVID-19 pandemic, with the transition to online education, students noted a decrease in FA and dissatisfaction with physical education in remote mode. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that in order for medical students to adequately provide counseling to their patients in the future, medical universities should develop programs that stimulate medical students to greater FA.
Challenges and Prospects of Community Based Eco-Tourism in Maichew Cluster, a Case of Ofla Woreda
Authors: Gebremariam Kassaye Zewdie
Published: November 2023

The main objective of this study was to assess the challenges and prospects of community-based ecotourism in the Maichew cluster, a case of Ofla woreda. Community based eco-tourism has become rapidly the most fundamental in-strument to meet sustainable tourism and livelihood option demand across the world at large and Developing Countries in particular. In order to achieve the objective of the study, both primary and secondary data were generated by employing qualitative (using case study, focus group discussion, in depth interview and on spot observation) and quantitative (mainly using household survey and visitor survey questionnaires) methods. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 3 CBET sites and 90 sample households respectively. The quantitative data was analyzed using fre-quency, percentage and mean when appropriate while qualitative data was used to triangulate and substantiate the study. The research investigated the challenges for developing CBET in the study area. On the other hand, the study also identified several potentials of CBET in the study area. In addition, the issues for empowering community based eco-tourism in terms of economical, social, political any psychological empowerment was identified. The result of the study reveals that several challenges for empowering community based tourism in the study area, Low level of knowledge, interest and perception of local community towards CBET; the resource ownership questions like land; capacity problems of the MCs and local level government office staff; lack of legal registration of CTEs; conflicting policies and legislations; communities expectation for immediate financial benefits; quality and standard of products and services; lack of cooperation among stakeholders; emerging challenges on marketing and booking; etc. However, several opportunities like strategic location of the sites, change of local attitude toward CBET, hospitality of local community, the potential tourism resources of the area, successful efforts on marketing and promotion, etc. are identified as a positive factor for CBETE. The issues of CE process is in its infant stage despite local communities showed high interest levels to involve in identifying problems, management, decision-making, problem solving, equitable benefit sharing and tourism operation. Thus, economical, social, political and psychological empowerments of community are not well practiced. To conclude, even if community empowerment can play central role to achieve sustainable tourism development and livelihood option, the process is very limited and in its infant stage in terms of economical, social, political and psychological empowerments.
A Comparative Study of Communication Management Strategies on Social Media in the Hotel Industry in Spain in Times of COVID-19
Authors: Baraybar-Fernández Antonio , Arrufat-Martín Sandro , Rubira-García Rainer
Published: November 2023

The aim of the study is to analyze the communication management strategies of the top 40 hotel companies, in terms of turnover, using their corporate accounts on social networks during the Easter holiday campaign in 2021 and 2022. By using apps such as “Data Analytics” and “Content Analytics” from Welovroi, a comparative, quantitative and qualitative study, using content and discourse analysis, was designed. The comparative study seeks to identify possible changes and offers data on activity, impact and the published content. The results reveal a considerable difference—both quantitative and qualitative—from one period to the other in terms of behavior and networking on social media of the brands studied. Despite the increase in publications from 2021 to 2022, the level of engagement falls, the frequency of publications and content varies and, in addition, the importance of Instagram and Facebook, as networks which generate more interaction with the public, can be noted. The conclusions reached may also serve to improve the management of social media communication for hotel companies.
Non-Destructive Detection of Water Content in Pork Based on NIR Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Shuo , Zhang Yanqing
Published: November 2023

Water is one of the important factors affecting pork quality. In this study, near-infrared (NIR) spatially resolved (SR) spectroscopy was used to detect the water content of pork. The SR spectra of 150 pork samples were collected within the light source–detector (LS-D) distance range of 4–20 mm (distance interval 1 mm). Models were established based on single-point SR spectra of 17 different LS-D distances and combination SR spectra. The results indicated that combination SR spectra achieved better model performance than the single-point SR spectra, and the LS-D distance significantly affected the model accuracy. The optimal LS-D distance combination of 5, 7, 10, and 12 mm provided the best detection model with the calibration determination coefficient (R2C) of 0.915 and prediction determination coefficient (R2P) of 0.878. Using the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithm, 24 characteristic wavelengths were selected. The model built with the characteristic wavelengths also exhibited good detection accuracy, with a R2C of 0.909 and a R2P of 0.867, and the number of wavelengths was greatly reduced compared to the full-wavelength model. This study demonstrated that SR spectroscopy combined with the optimized LS-D distances and screened characteristic wavelengths can be a powerful tool for detecting the water content of pork.
Predicting Sugarcane Yield via the Use of an Improved Least Squares Support Vector Machine and Water Cycle Optimization Model
Authors: Zhou Yifang , Pan Mingzhang , Guan Wei , Fu Changcheng , Su Tiecheng
Published: November 2023

As a raw material for sugar, ethanol, and energy, sugarcane plays an important role in China’s strategic material reserves, economic development, and energy production. To guarantee the sustainable growth of the sugarcane industry and boost sustainable energy reserves, it is imperative to forecast the yield in the primary sugarcane production regions. However, due to environmental differences caused by regional differences and changeable climate, the accuracy of traditional models is generally low. In this study, we counted the environmental information and yield of the main sugarcane-producing areas in the past 15 years, adopted the LSSVM algorithm to construct the environmental information and sugarcane yield model, and combined it with WCA to optimize the parameters of LSSVM. To verify the validity of the proposed model, WCA-LSSVM is applied to two instances based on temporal differences and geographical differences and compared with other models. The results show that the accuracy of the WCA-LSSVM model is much better than that of other yield prediction models. The RMSE of the two instances are 5.385 ton/ha and 5.032 ton/ha, respectively, accounting for 7.65% and 6.92% of the average yield. And the other evaluation indicators MAE, R2, MAPE, and SMAPE are also ahead of the other models to varying degrees. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis of environmental variables at different growth stages of sugarcane and found that in addition to the main influencing factors (temperature and precipitation), soil humidity at different depths had a significant impact on crop yield. In conclusion, this study presents a highly precise model for predicting sugarcane yield, a useful tool for planning sugarcane production, enhancing yield, and advancing the field of agricultural production prediction.
Effects of Silicon Application on Yield, Spectral Index, and Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Infestation on Maize (Zea mays) Crop
Authors: Galindo-Gutiérrez Nelson Fernando , Garcés-Gómez Yeison Alberto
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the implementation of statistical and remote sensing techniques to analyze the spectral response, grain yield, and infestation of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in corn (Zea mays) based on the application of edaphic and foliar treatments with silicon, comparing the results with those reported in the literature where it has been demonstrated that the incorporation of this nutrient in different crops improves the activity of the enzyme nitrate reductase and dry matter weight gain. The results show that the foliar application of silicon tends to increase grain production in the crop, while the soil treatment does not improve yield. Similarly, foliar silicon application improves the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, which improves plant health and could be correlated with higher grain yield of the crop. An inverse correlation was detected between the use of foliar silicon and the Normalized Difference Water Index and a direct relationship in the case of direct field application. As for the analysis of the data to verify the influence of the use of silicon on fall armyworm infestation, no statistically significant evidence was found that would lead to the conclusion that the application of this element, whether in soil or foliar form, could lead to a decrease in crop infestation.
Characteristics and Mechanisms of Soil Co-Contamination Affecting the Transfer of Cadmium and Arsenic in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Ding Changfeng , Hussain Sajjad , Xie Xinxin , Zhou Zhigao , Wang Xingxiang
Published: November 2023

Soil co-contamination with cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) occurs frequently and has caused increasing concern. This study aimed to explore the transfer characteristics and the chemical forms, subcellular distribution of Cd and As, as well as the synthesis of phytochelatins (PCs) and other chelates in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in a Cd and As co-contaminated soil, shedding light on the mechanisms involved. Compared with the single Cd contamination, Cd–As co-contamination led to a higher accumulation of Cd in peanut plants. Conversely, compared to the single As contamination, the As content increased in peanut shoots but decreased in roots and grains under Cd–As co-contamination. Furthermore, the Cd–As interaction resulted in notable changes in peanut plants’ physiological and biochemical responses. In the roots and shoots, there was an 81.8% and 60.0% increase in water-soluble Cd. In the roots, metallothioneins (MTs) content increased by 50%, while PCs increased by 6.4% in the shoots. These changes promoted the translocation of Cd from roots to grains. The Cd–As interaction also influenced the synthesis of MTs in the roots, showing a 41.2% increase, and facilitated the transfer of As to the shoots. In peanut shoots, Cd increased the cell wall fraction of As by 34.5%, decreased the proportion of water-soluble As by 31.8%, and increased PCs content by 6.9%. These changes inhibited the migration of As from shoots to grains. Overall, Cd–As co-contamination increased Cd in peanut grains by increasing water-soluble forms and MTs in roots, while Cd–As co-contamination decreased As in peanut grains by increasing cell wall fractions and PCs in shoots. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding Cd–As interactions in soil–peanut systems.
Evolutionary Insights into the Relationship of Frogs, Salamanders, and Caecilians and Their Adaptive Traits, with an Emphasis on Salamander Regeneration and Longevity
Authors: Lu Bin
Published: November 2023

The extant amphibians have developed uncanny abilities to adapt to their environment. I compared the genes of amphibians to those of other vertebrates to investigate the genetic changes underlying their unique traits, especially salamanders’ regeneration and longevity. Using the well-supported Batrachia tree, I found that salamander genomes have undergone accelerated adaptive evolution, especially for development-related genes. The group-based comparison showed that several genes are under positive selection, rapid evolution, and unexpected parallel evolution with traits shared by distantly related species, such as the tail-regenerative lizard and the longer-lived naked mole rat. The genes, such as EEF1E1, PAFAH1B1, and OGFR, may be involved in salamander regeneration, as they are involved in the apoptotic process, blastema formation, and cell proliferation, respectively. The genes PCNA and SIRT1 may be involved in extending lifespan, as they are involved in DNA repair and histone modification, respectively. Some genes, such as PCNA and OGFR, have dual roles in regeneration and aging, which suggests that these two processes are interconnected. My experiment validated the time course differential expression pattern of SERPINI1 and OGFR, two genes that have evolved in parallel in salamanders and lizards during the regeneration process of salamander limbs. In addition, I found several candidate genes responsible for frogs’ frequent vocalization and caecilians’ degenerative vision. This study provides much-needed insights into the processes of regeneration and aging, and the discovery of the critical genes paves the way for further functional analysis, which could open up new avenues for exploiting the genetic potential of humans and improving human well-being.