bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF EXEMPTIONS FROM LIABILITY BASED ON AMNESTY ACT
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Akramova Muazzam
Published: December 2022

The object of the research is the public relations associated with exemption from liability under amnesty, regulated by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The subject of the research is the norms of the Criminal Code, which constitute the legal basis for exemption from liability based on an act of amnesty, regulatory documents and scientific works defining the theoretical foundations on this issue. The relevance of the study is seen in the fact that in the process of globalization, using the legal experience of developed countries, the development of legislation in accordance with our national values; strengthening the rule of law is a modern requirement for the application and study of the scientific and methodological foundations of institutions of exemption from criminal liability on the basis of the amnesty law. The study used analysis, synthesis, dialectical, comparative legal, logical approach, induction, deduction, analysis of current legislation, systematization and other methods of scientific knowledge. As a result of the study, the analysis of the established norms of exemption from criminal liability under the amnesty act was carried out, to study the procedure for their application in practice; legislative proposals were prepared to identify emerging problems and address these issues on their basis. In conclusion, it was announced that it is necessary to introduce a probationary period for exemption from criminal liability under the amnesty law.
ISSUES OF CRIMES AGAINST THE FAMILY AND FAMILY RELATIONS IN ISLAMIC LAW
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Ibrokhimova Zulhumor
Published: December 2022

This article reveals in detail the issues of crimes against the family and family relations in Islamic law. In particular, the author notes that although Uzbekistan, as a legal, secular, democratic and socially oriented state, is not essentially a religious country, at present, almost the entire spectrum of traditional world religions exists and operates in the country. The importance of the institution of the family, its complexity, versatility and the problematic nature of its impact on an individual require the study of many scientific approaches and scientific analyzes in the study of the family, the crime situation in Muslim families, the relationship between husband and wife, father and children, Sharia law governing the family as a whole, it is noted that criminal law is a relatively undeveloped part of Sharia law, since its norms are archaic in nature, it reflects a relatively low level of legal technology, the concepts of such crimes as adultery, false reporting of adultery, criminal abortion and other criminal offenses against family institutions, as well as punishments for these crimes, mitigating and aggravating circumstances, etc.
The influence of perfectionism on the school performance of young schoolchildren
Authors:   Universitatea Petrol-Gaze Ploiești, Popa Cătălina-Mariana
Published: December 2022

Perfectionism amongst young children is a phenomenon that has just recently become a topic for research. In a highly competitive society, orientation towards performance and the attainment of very high standards coincide with the necessity to create a perfect “self” for the child. In this context dominated by the interest to create optimised children, we can talk about the development of a type of behaviour with perfectionist tendencies, whose consequences have started to draw the researchers’ attention during the past decades. Although perfectionism can be both positive and negative, research findings have shown that there are numerous factors that contribute to the development of maladaptive perfectionism in children, even from an early school age. The purpose of this research was to focus on the positive side of this personality trait by measuring the connection between the independent variable of perfectionism and the dependent variable of school performance, by also taking into consideration variables such as the parents’ influence and the competitive spirit in the educational background. To this effect, the instrument we used to measure positive perfectionism was the Questionnaire on Orderliness [Q3 factor: Perfectionism] on a sample of 101 participants, both parents and children, whereas the instrument we used for competitiveness was the Competitiveness Scale Questionnaire [HICs] on a sample of 51 subjects, consisting only of fourth graders. The obtained data were organized in Excel spreadsheets based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, in order to establish the connection between the variables. The main result of this research is that the subjects focus on quantitative results and on developing strategies to get higher grades, rather than on an efficient learning process. This study has opened up numerous research opportunities on the topic of perfectionism in the young schoolchildren.
Pre-service teachers looking for their professional identity
Authors:   Universitatea Petrol-Gaze Ploiești, Eftimie Simona , Mărgărițoiu Alina ,   Universitatea Petrol-Gaze Ploiești
Published: December 2022

In the context of world dynamic, deep changes proposed by the new educational policy, becoming a teacher is an act of courage. Some of our previous studies have analysed the values that aimed teachers from different generations. Present study was interested to focus to the process of becoming teacher, building professional identity for his profession during educational path. For this purpose, we have analysed the way that our students, pre-service teachers (for preschool and primary school children), have chosen their educational (and professional) path, which were significant persons that have influenced their development and what aimed them for teacher career choose and if (and how) they have developed during studies their professional (pre)identity. Other results are also discussed.
The administrative capacity to manage the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in schools: legality of personal data processing concerning the staff vaccination status in order to resume courses with physical presence or online*
Authors:   Universitatea Lucian Blaga Sibiu, Șchiopu Silviu-Dorin
Published: December 2022

The administrative capacity of public authorities and bodies, as well as of the institutions under their subordination/in their coordination, includes, not only all material, institutional and human resources, but also the actions they carry out for the exercise of the competencies established by law. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Minister of Education together with the Minister of Health issued Joint Order no. 5558/2389/2021 which provided that, starting with 8 November 2021, the resumption of courses with physical presence is to take place in all pre-university education units in which a minimum percentage of 60% of the staff is vaccinated, otherwise the resumption of courses will be done online, and the Boards of Directors of the pre-university education units issue the decision on how to resume the courses. Therefore, this study will analyse, in the light of data protection legislation, if, in view of the competencies established by law, the pre-university education units had the necessary administrative capacity to issue an informed decision on how to resume the courses. The main conclusion after analysing the legal framework is that the legitimate basis for personal data processing concerning the staff vaccination status can only be point (c) of Article 6 (1) and point (g) of Article 9 (2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/679, but the Joint Order no. 5558/2389/2021 does not fall into either of these two legal basis for the processing, with the consequence that the Boards of Directors were in fact deprived of the necessary administrative capacity to issue the decision on how to resume the courses.
Comparison of two nationwide lightning location systems and characteristics of could-to-ground lightning in China
Authors: Jiang Ruijiao , Zhang Guoping , Wang Shudong , Xue Bing , Xie Zhengshuai , Yu Tingzhao , Wang Kuoyin , Ding Jin , Zhu Xiaoxiang
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The lightning location system based on multiple sub-stations is an effective means of lightning observation. This study first compares the two nationwide lightning location systems in China, the Advanced TOA and Detection System (ADTD) and the Three-Dimensional Lightning Location System (3D-LLS), using the observations in 2020. As a significantly updated version of ADTD, 3D-LLS has a cloud-to-ground (CG) detection efficiency of nearly twice ADTD. However, its scarce distribution sites in central Tibet, western Xinjiang, eastern Qinghai, and eastern Heilongjiang account for some blind observation areas where ADTD could play a supplementary role. The ratio of +CG and the distribution of currents indicate that 3D-LLS misjudges a certain number of intracloud (IC) pulses as return strokes. Besides, the IC detection developed by 3D-LLS is still inefficient. In the results, the IC flashes only account for half of CG flashes, much smaller than the regular ratio (twice). According to the comparison with the nearly no-miss optical observations in Guangzhou, the CG detection efficiency of ADTD and 3D-LLS herein is 24.5 % and 50.5 %. Further improvements are expected in terms of the above shortages. Still, the ground-based observation has better detection efficiency and accuracy than the satellite, especially for CG lightning. The dataset from ADTD in 2016–2021 is employed to analyze the lightning characteristics' temporal and spatial distributions and the difference between +CG and −CG over China. It can be concluded that low latitude, undulating terrain, seaside, and humid surface are favorable factors for lightning occurrence. Thus the southeast coastland has the largest lightning density, while the northwest deserts and basins and the western and northern Tibetan Plateau have almost no lightning. For the period with high CG frequency (summer of a year or afternoon of a day), the ratio of +CG and the discharge intensity is relatively small. The Tibetan Plateau leads to the complexity of lightning activity in China and lays the foundation for studying the impact of surface elevation on lightning. Results indicate that the +CG ratio on the eastern and southern plateau is up to 15 %, and the west and north sides have a low percentage. The discharge intensity of +CG and −CG on the Tibetan Plateau is approximate, while the +CG always has a larger current than −CG on the plains.
Experts, Democracy, and Covid-19
Authors: Magnússon Victor Karl
Published: December 2022

Two challenges have faced policymakers during the Covid-19 pandemic: First, they must determine the reliability of expert testimony in the face of uncertainty; second, they must determine the relevance of different kinds of expertise with regard to particular decisions. I argue that both these problems can be fruitfully analyzed through the lens of trust by introducing an in-depth case study of Iceland’s handling of the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. I contend that the problem of relevance highlights the limited appeal of a thoroughly technocratic society. Value judgments, best realized through democratic processes, are always lurking in the background.
İSLÂM’DA YARALAMA VE ÖLÜME SEBEBİYET VERMELERDE DİYET, ERŞ VE TA’ZİR CEZALARI
Authors: DÖNDÜREN Hamdi
Published: December 2022

İslâm’da mal, can, ırz, akıl ve inanç özgürlüğü olmak üzere beş şey güvence altına alınmıştır, bunlara bilerek veya bilmeyerek zarar verenler için de çeşitli yaptırımlar konulmuştur. Diğer yandan İslâm Devleti de maslahat ve kamu yararını dikkate alarak, had cezalarını geçmeyen ölçüde cezalar koyabilir bunlara da ta’zir cezası denir. Kur’an-ı Kerim'in çeşitli ayetlerinde insanlara karşı haksızlık edenler için büyük bir azap olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bir kimseyi yanlışlıkla öldürmenin cezası olarak ölenin mirasçılarına diyet ödenmesi ve mü’min bir köleyi azat etmesi bunlar arasında sayılabilir. Kasten öldürmekten doğan diyetin ise, mala verilen zararlarda olduğu gibi suçu işleyen tarafından ödenmesi şahsi sorumluluk gereğidir. Bir de fail-i meçhul cinayetlerde, suçun meskûn bir alanda işlenmesi halinde, mağdurun yakınlarının isteği üzerine, çevreden seçilen elli kişinin sorgulanarak, kasâme denen yemine davet edilmesi, "Biz öldürmedik ve öldüreni de bilmiyoruz" diye yemin etmeleri halinde, diyet tazminatı ile sorumlu tutulmaları, o bölge halkının ilgi ve dikkatsizliğine bir çeşit ceza olarak değerlendirilir. Hata ile ölüme sebebiyet vermelerde, yalnızca diyet gerekir, yaralama veya bir organı sakat bırakma gibi fiillerde ise mağdura verilmesi gereken bedele “erş” denir. Diyet sözcüğü, bazen erş yerinde de kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, İslâm’da kul hakkı, yaralama ve ölüme sebep olma gibi durumlarda ortaya çıkan tazminat (erş ve diyet) hakkı ve buna ilişkin devlet güvencesi, kısas, kasâme ve ta’zir cezası gibi konular ele alınarak kısaca değerlendirilmiştir.
ESTIMATION OF STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL EFFECTS ON STRATOSPHERIC RADIATION BUDGET ACCORDING TO OPTICAL BALLOON BACKSCATTER PROBE AND RADIATION MODELING
Authors:   Central Aerological Observatory, BALUGIN N. V. , FOMIN B. A. ,   Central Aerological Observatory, LYKOV A. D. ,   Central Aerological Observatory, YUSHKOV V. A. ,   Central Aerological Observatory
Published: December 2022

A method for evaluating stratospheric aerosol effects on the stratospheric radiation budget according to balloon sounding with an optical aerosol backscatter probe is presented. It is shown for the sounding in the equatorial zone under conditions of perturbed aerosol filling of the stratosphere that observed changes in the composition of stratospheric aerosol lead to significant changes (2-3-fold) in radiative heating. The evaluation technique is based on using the radiative (line-by-line and Monte Carlo) model of solar radiation transfer and can be especially useful in case of episodical perturbations of the stratospheric aerosol layer resulting from anthropogenic and natural disasters accompanied by aerosol emissions.
CLIMATE EFFECT OF METHANE EMISSION ON THE EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF
Authors:   State Hydrological Institute, ANISIMOV O. A. , VOLODIN E. M. ,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2022

Satellite data on tropospheric methane and dynamical permafrost model simulations were used to analyze the methane emission in the subaquatic permafrost on the East Siberian Arctic shelf. The hypothesis of potential methane release from the dissociation of submarine gas hydrates was studied. It was demonstrated that the methane emission on the Arctic shelf is governed mainly by geological factors and is not related to contemporary climate change. Numerical experiments with the INM-CM48 Earth system model showed that there is no feedback between the methane emission on the shelf and global air temperature. A conceptual model of methane emission on the East Siberian Arctic shelf was developed.
Destined to Leave Hindustan for Suriname?
Authors: Kraijo Matthijs
Published: December 2022

This article investigates the post-indenture choice of Hindustani indentured labour migrants in Suriname either to settle in Suriname or repatriate to India between 1873 and 1940. Based on extensive demographic statistical analyses and the autobiography of Rahman Mohammed Khan, this research concludes that familial relations, especially those formed in Suriname, had a strong effect on the relative share of Hindustanis settling themselves in Suriname after their contract period. Additionally, this study convincingly proves that the Surinamese context had an important effect on the development of the individual life courses of Hindustanis.
Visual QC Protocol for FreeSurfer Cortical Parcellations from Anatomical MRI
Authors: Raamana Pradeep Reddy , Theyers Athena , Selliah Tharushan , Bhati Piali , Arnott Stephen R. , Hassel Stefanie , Nanayakkara Nuwan D. , M. Scott Christopher J. , Harris Jacqueline , Zamyadi Mojdeh , Lam Raymond W. , Milev Roumen , Müller Daniel J. , Rotzinger Susan , Frey Benicio N. , Kennedy Sidney H. , Black Sandra E. , Lang Anthony , Masellis Mario , Symons Sean , Bartha Robert , MacQueen Glenda M. , C. Strother Stephen
Published: December 2022

Quality control of morphometric neuroimaging data is essential to improve reproducibility. Owing to the complexity of neuroimaging data and subsequently the interpretation of their results, visual inspection by trained raters is the most reliable way to perform quality control. Here, we present a protocol for visual quality control of the anatomical accuracy of FreeSurfer parcellations, based on an easy-to-use open-source tool called VisualQC. We comprehensively evaluate its utility in terms of error detection rate and inter-rater reliability on two large multi-site datasets and discuss site differences in error patterns. This evaluation shows that VisualQC is a practically viable protocol for community adoption.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Ditinjau Dari Kemandirian Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas VIII Pada Materi SPLDV
Authors: Larasati Putri , Wiratomo Yogi , Mayanty Sri
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif bertujuan mendeskripsikan pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik kelas VIII SMPN 227 Jakarta pada materi SPLDV ditinjau dari kemandirian belajar. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah 58 peserta didik dipilih dari kategori kemandirian belajar tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes uraian, angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Peneliti menggunakan meningkatkan ketekunan dan triangulasi sebagai teknik keabsahan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) tingkat kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik pada materi SPLDV masih tergolong sedang dengan persentase 41,56%; (2) tingkat kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis ditinjau dari kemandirian belajar kategori tinggi tergolong tinggi mampu menguasai 4 indikator; (3) tingkat kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis ditinjau dari kemandirian belajar kategori sedang tergolong sedang mampu menguasai 4 indikator dan (4) tingkat kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis ditinjau dari kemandirian belajar kategori rendah tergolong sedang mampu menguasai 3 indikator.
Meningkatkan Efektifitas Belajar Kimia Dengan Multimedia Interaktif di SMA Negeri 1 Waled
Authors: Rosani Krisna
Published: December 2022

Pembelajaran merupakan proses komunikasi dua arah, pengajaran dilakukan oleh guru sebagai pendidik dan belajar dilakukan oleh siswa sebagai siswa. Pembelajaran kimia merupakan interaksi antara siswa dengan lingkungannya untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran kimia. Beberapa faktor sangat mempengaruhi kualitas pembelajaran atau pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dengan menggunakan multimedia interaktif pada pembelajaran kimia dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI MIPA 5 SMA Negeri 1 Waled dan dapat meningkatkan efektifitas belajar siswa. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan pada semester ganjil tepatnya di kelas XI MIPA 5 SMA Negeri 1 Waled. Penelitian tindakan kelas dilakukan dengan empat tahapan dan dilakukan dengan dua siklus, yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap observasi, dan tahap refleksi. Hal ini berlaku pula pada siklus II. Untuk pengambilan data digunakan data hasil observasi, hasil tes formatif, dan dokumentasi saat pelaksanaan. Dari hasil penelitian tindakan kelas ini sebelum dilakukan penelitian tindakan kelas didapatkan nilai rata-rata kelas pada pelajaran Kimia di kelas XI MIPA 5 SMA Negeri 1 Waled ini sebesar 56,53 dengan persentase ketuntasan 11,53%. Setelah dilakukan tindakan siklus I, nilai rata-rata kelas naik menjadi 73,84 dengan persentase 46,15%. Terdapat peningkatan di siklus I ini namun persentase ketuntasan masih di bawah nilai yang ditetapkan, sehingga dilanjutkan pada tindakan siklus II. Kenaikan nilai rata-rata kelas menjadi 83,07 dengan persentase ketuntasan siswa mencapai 92,30%. Melihat hasil dari siklus II, peneliti mencukupkan penelitian tindakan kelas pada siklus II karena nilai rata-rata kelas dan persentase ketuntasan sudah melampaui nilai target yang telah ditetapkan oleh peneliti.
Islam and Sufism in South Asia
Authors: Laskar Sakir Hossain
Published: December 2022

In his Lovers of God: Sufism and the Politics of Islam in Medieval India, Raziuddin Aquil studied the role of Sufis in preaching Islam in medieval South Asia. He saw the preaching of Islam in South Asia as a gradual process. Many Sufi orders preached Islam in South Asia from medieval times. Among these Sufi orders, the Chishtī order caught the attention of many scholars of Islamics. Carl W. Ernst and Bruce B. Lawrence also penned a highly acclaimed work Sufi Martyrs of Love: Chishti Sufism in South Asia and Beyond. While Aquil detailed various practices of the Chishtī order and Chishtī saints’ role in various socio-political events that took place in the Delhi Sultanate, Ernst and Lawrence elaborated on the origin, development, practices, and concepts of the Chishtī order. Unlike Aquil, Ernst and Lawrence continued describing the history of the Chishtī order up to the twenty-first century. The purpose of this review essay is to compare and assess these two works with the help of primary and secondary sources.
Aetiology in a female bronchiectasis patient presenting with shortness of breath
Authors:   Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Akter Shahina , Hossain Towfikee Md Shahadath ,   Saabiq Agro, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Banu Tanjina Akhtar ,   Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Hasan Sarkar Md. Murshed ,   Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Goswami Barna ,   Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Habib Ahashan ,   Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Khan Salim ,   Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Sayeduzzaman Khan Md ,   United Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Published: December 2022

The patient is 42 years of age, female presenting to the COPD department with acute pneumonia and shortness of breath. She had a history of granulomatous tubular formation (tuberculosis) in the lungs 10 years back. Then she has admitted in a hospital. After CT scan of the chest with contrast, the impression was, suggestive of bilateral pulmonary inflammatory lesions and left sided pleural effusion with thickening. Due to pleural effusion, thoracentesis has been performed to remove the fluid.
The 1953 coup in Iran and the role of Great Britain in it
Authors:   ՀՀ ԳԱԱ Արևելագիտության ինստիտուտ, Soghomonyan Hayk
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the causes of the 1953 military coup in Iran and the role of Great Britain in it. In 1951 Prime Minister Mossadegh roused Britain’s ire when he nationalized the oil industry. Mossadegh argued that Iran should begin profiting from its vast oil reserves which had been exclusively controlled by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. The company later became known as British Petroleum (BP). After considering military action, Britain opted for a coup. President Harry Truman rejected the idea, but when Dwight Eisenhower took over the White House, he ordered the CIA to embark on one of its first covert operations against a foreign government. In 1953, Iranian armed forces, with the help of the CIA and British intelligence, orchestrated a coup that toppled the democratically elected government of Iran.
12 anathematisms of St. Cyril of Alexandria and the Christology of the Armenian Church
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of NAS RA, Matevosyan Arthur
Published: December 2022

It is well known that the Christology of the Armenian Church is based on the Christological teaching of St. Cyril of Alexandria. Following St. Cyril, the Armenian Church confirms the invariability and perfection of divine and human natures in Christ. The hypostatic union of Christ does not lead to a change or amalgamation of natures. It admits the union of Christ with God the Father in deity and with us in humanity. Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, is a perfect God and a perfect man, begotten before the ages from the Father according to deity, and for our salvation from Mary the Virgin according to humanity. And therefore, there is one nature of God the Word incarnate, revered together with His flesh in one worship. This is what the Armenian Church has believed since the 5th century to date. This article will examine the connection of 12 anathematisms contained in the letter of St. Cyril of Alexandria to Nestorius with the Christological teaching of the Armenian Church.
Xala, ğalla, qālān: discussing medieval tax terms
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of NAS RA, Margaryan Gor
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study is to explore the origin and meaning of the term խալայ - xala, to identify the peculiarities of its application in the Armenian historical milieu, and to define at least approximately the chronological boundaries when the tax was in use in medieval Armenia. Xala became known mostly from epigraphic records of Armenia, where the term is mentioned in the immunity donations, in the instructions and references to the exemption of churches from tax obligations and from taxes, including xala. The paper will address all well-known explanations of the term, along with a comparative analysis with the Georgian historical environment, with the fiscal system of medieval Georgia, and, on the other hand, based on the analysis of source studies and definition of the etymology of the term and the phenomenon, a new definition of the term and answers to the above questions related to xala will be proposed as a hypothesis.
Ilia Chavchavadze and the emergence of Georgian national discourse
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of NAS RA, Mailyan Beniamin
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this article is to explore the history of the emergence of the discourse of Georgian nationalism and the idea of the Georgian nation. The author offers an alternative view of the reasons for the emergence of Georgian nationalism and identifies the main top-ics of the Georgian national narrative. Ilia Chavchavadze, a poet, a writer, a publicist and a public figure, is considered the spiritual father of the nation in Georgia. He is one of the key figures in the Georgian histor-ical pantheon because he outlined the main ethnic markers of Georgian identity. He and his circle, the group of intellectuals known as Tergdaleulebi, mark the beginning of the history of Georgian nationalism. This makes him an indisputable authority for all those who call themselves Georgian patriots.
The dynamics of stratified horizontal shear flows at low Péclet number
Authors: Cope Laura
Published: December 2022

Stratified flows are ubiquitous; examples include atmospheres and oceans in geophysics and stellar interiors in astrophysics. The interaction of a stable stratification with a background velocity distribution can develop into stratified turbulence, key to transport processes in many systems. Geophysical flows, in which the Prandtl number Pr ∼ O(1), are often strongly stratified, nevertheless, turbulence still occurs. Density layering is key to understanding the properties of this ‘layered anisotropic stratified turbulence’ (LAST) regime that is characterised by anisotropic length scales and velocity fields. Conversely, Pr ≪ 1 for astrophysical flows, inhibiting the formation of density layers. This suggests that LAST dynamics cannot occur, raising the question of whether analogous or fundamentally different regimes exist in the limit of strong thermal diffusion. This study addresses this question for the case of a vertically stratified, horizontally-forced Kolmogorov flow using a combination of linear stability theory and direct numerical simulations. Four distinct dynamical regimes emerge, depending upon the strength of the background stratification. By considering dominant balances in the governing equations, we derive scaling laws which explain the empirical observations.
Obstetric Violence: A Conceptual Analysis in the Nursing Context
Authors: Nascimento Gabriele Santos do , Santos Vitória Ribeiro dos , Marcolino Emanuella de Castro , Araújo-Monteiro Gleicy Karine Nascimento de , Dantas Ana Márcia Nóbrega , Santos-Rodrigues Renata Clemente dos
Published: December 2022

Objective: To analyze the concept of “Obstetric violence” in the Nursing context based on identifying its antecedents, attributes, and consequences. Materials and method: It is a conceptual analysis that follows the method proposed by the Walker and Avant model, which consists of eight stages. Six stages were used to contemplate the study objective, namely: selection of the concept; delimitation of the analysis objectives; identification of different uses of the concept in the literature; determination of the essential attributes; identification of the concept’s antecedents and consequents, and definition of the concept’s empirical references. Results: The sample was comprised of 22 studies. A total of 31 antecedents were evidenced: 24 attributes for physical violence; 35 for psychological/emotional violence; 6 for institutional and sexual violence, and 5 for structural violence. Regarding the consequences, 39 elements were found. Conclusions: The study contributes to Nursing science, research, and clinical practice, providing scientific support with a deep discussion of the phenomenon and presenting the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of obstetric violence in detail. It enables Nursing professionals to recognize the empirical indicators of the concept; thus, it is likely that they will have more knowledge that will lead them to more precise Nursing care, in addition to subsidies to prevent obstetric violence.
Zoneamento Agroclimático do mirtilo irrigado em Santa Catarina
Authors: Pandolfo Cristina , Ricce Wilian da Silva , Vianna Luiz Fernando de Novaes , Massignam Angelo Mendes
Published: December 2022

Resumo – O interesse pelo cultivo do mirtilo vem aumentando em Santa Catarina devido às propriedades fitoterápicas e pelo valor obtido na comercialização dos frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o zoneamento agroclimático da cultura do mirtilo irrigado para o estado de Santa Catarina. Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico para caracterização da exigência em horas de frio dos cultivares de mirtilo. Os cultivares foram organizados em cinco grupos, conforme exigência em horas de frio e risco de geada: Grupo I (entre 200 e 350 horas de frio); Grupo II (entre 350 e 500 horas de frio); Grupo III (entre 500 e 650 horas de frio); Grupo IV (entre 650 e 800 horas de frio) e Grupo V (acima de 800 horas de frio). Com base nos dados meteorológicos, foram calculadas as horas de frio e a probabilidade de ocorrência de geadas. Santa Catarina apresenta um grande potencial para o cultivo de mirtilo com baixa e média exigência de horas de frio, pois aproximadamente 32,91% e 16,29% da área do Estado apresentam o total anual de horas de frio entre os valores de 200 e 350 horas e 350 e 500 horas, respectivamente. O zoneamento agroclimático para a cultura do mirtilo em Santa Catarina evidenciou que existe potencialidade em diversas regiões para o cultivo da espécie, com exceção do Litoral Norte e Sul e de parte do Extremo Oeste.Abstract – Demand on blueberry crop is increasing in Santa Catarina due to quality and price of fruits. The objetive of this work was to perform the agroclimatic zoning of the irrigated blueberry crop for Santa Catarina state South of Brazil. It was performed literature review to characterize the requirement in chilling hours (CH) of blueberry cultivars. The groups were divided on requirement in chiling hours: No Recommended (less than 200 CH); Group I (between 200 and CH); Group II (between 350 and CH); Group III (between 500 and 650 CH); Group IV (between 650 and 800 CH) and Group V (up to 800 CH). Santa Catarina has a great potential for blueberry cultivation with low and average requirement on chilling hours. Approximately 32.91% and 16.29% of the state area presents the annual total chilling hours values between 200 and 350 and 500 hours and 350 hours, respectively. The agroclimatic zoning for blueberry crop in Santa Catarina showed that there is potential in various regions for the cultivation of the species with the exception of the North Coast and South and part of the Far West.
Desempenho produtivo de macieiras ‘Fuji’ em porta-enxertos da série CG
Authors: Pasa Mateus da Silveira , Boneti José Itamar da Silva , Brighenti Alberto Fontanella , Da Silva Carina Pereira
Published: December 2022

Resumo –O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência de porta-enxertos da série CG no desempenho de macieiras ‘Fuji’, na região de São Joaquim, SC. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos entre 2003 e 2007 em pomares instalados nos invernos de 1995 e 1999 (experimentos 1 e 2, respectivamente). O espaçamento utilizado foi de 1,5m entre plantas e 4m entre linhas. No experimento 1, foram utilizados os porta-enxertos CG.24, CG.30, CG.54, CG.56, CG.058, CG.210, CG.213, CG.757, CG.814, CG 969, M.7, M.26 e MM.106 ; e no experimento 2, os porta-enxertos CG.008, CG.23, CG.24, CG.55, CG.80, CG.088, CG.164, CG.210, CG.357, CG.701, CG.910, M.9, Mark e M.7. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados o número de frutos por planta, produção por planta, produtividade, índice de alternância de produção, massa de fruto e área da seção transversal do tronco. A maior produtividade é induzida pelos porta-enxertos CG.30, M.7, CG.723, CG.701, CG.24, CG.088 e CG.210, enquanto que eficiência produtiva é maior com CG.30, CG.56, CG.757, CG.814, CG.210, CG.008, CG.210, CG.088 e CG.701. Os porta-enxertos estudados induzem diferentes níveis de vigor, o que permite a seleção do porta-enxerto mais adequado para as diferentes condições de solo da região.Abstract – The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of CG series rootstocks on the performance of ‘Fuji’ trees, in the region of São Joaquim. The study was performed between 2003-2007 and was split in two experiments. The experiment 1 and 2 were planted in the winter of 1995 and 1999, respectively. Trees were spaced 1.5m between trees and 4m between rows. The rootstocks tested were CG.24, CG.30, CG.54, CG.56, CG.058, CG.210, CG.213, CG.757, CG.814, CG 969, M.7, M.26 and MM.106 (experiment 1) and; CG.008, CG.23, CG.24, CG.55, CG.80, CG.088, CG.164, CG.210, CG.357, CG.701, CG.910, M.9, Mark and M.7 (experiment 2). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The parameters assessed were number of fruit per tree, production per tree, yield, alternate bearing index, fruit weight and trunk cross sectional area. The greater yield is induced by the rootstocks CG.30, M.7, CG.723, CG.701, CG.24, CG.088 and CG.210, whereas the greater yield efficiency is induced by CG.30, CG.56, CG.757, CG.814, CG.210, CG.008, CG.210, CG.088 and CG.701. The rootstocks studied induce different levels of vigor, allowing the selection of the most suitable rootstock to the different soil
Effects of the East African Community Single Customs Territory (EACSCT) on the Movement of Goods along the Rwandan Customs Posts
Authors: Nkundabaramye Vincent
Published: December 2022

Despite the factors making cross-border movement of goods complex and unpredictable, the latter plays a critical role in international trade. However, the EAC has introduced single customs territory to respond to the factors affecting the movement of goods and enhance trade within the region. This study then assesses the extent to which EACSCT affects the movement of goods across the Rwandan customs posts. The study used primary data collected on the perceptions of various trading agents on the implementation of the EACSCT, aspects of trade facilitation and movement of goods. Descriptive statistics and Multi-Level Model were used to analyse data and for estimates. The findings indicate that the EACSCT is successfully implemented along the Rwandan customs posts as rated good by various groups of trading agents. The level of trade facilitation is rated very high and the movement of goods has, to a large extent, been facilitated along the Rwandan customs posts. The findings also reveal that the EACSCT has significantly and positively affected the movement of goods along the Rwandan customs posts. These findings give an understanding that the EACSCT has significantly reduced or removed the barriers to the movement of goods by enhancing the level of trade facilitation. It is expected that 1-unit increase in the level of trade facilitation will make the barriers to the movement to fall by 1.133 points. Hence, calling for all border crossing agencies and stakeholders to work in synergy to continue streamlining the level of trade facilitation.
Danimarka'da Din Eğitimi
Authors: MAN Fatih
Published: December 2022

1972’den beri Tek meclisli meşruti monarşi ile yönetilen Danimarka Krallığı 5,83 milyon nüfusu ile Avrupa’nın kuzeyinde Baltık Denizi’ne kıyısı olan bir İskandinav ülkesidir. Nüfusunun %75'i Evanjelik Lüteriyen Kilisesi'nin kayıtlı olan Danimarka’nın anayasasının 4. maddesi ile Evanjelik Lütreiyen Kilisesi devletin resmi kilisesi olarak tanınmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı Danimarka’daki din eğitimini araştırmaktır. Makale hazırlanırken konu hakkında yapılan araştırmalardan ve Danimarka Çocuk ve Eğitim Bakanlığının hazırlamış olduğu Hristiyan Bilgisi Konu Kitapçığından faydalanılmıştır. Danimarka eğitim sistemi 10 yıllık zorunlu ilköğretim ile başlamakta, meslek liseleri veya akademik liselerle devam etmekte ve 3 farklı yüksek öğretim programı ile tamamlanmaktadır. Eğitim devlet tarafından ücretsiz karşılanmakta, özel okullarda bile ücretin büyük kısmı devlet tarafından sübvanse edilmektedir. Danimarka’da zorunlu ilköğretim süresi boyunca din dersi zorunludur. Velinin başvurusu ile muafiyet hakkı veya uzaktan evde eğitim görme seçeneği mevcuttur. Ancak din dersi aynı zamanda Danimarka kültürünü muhafaza amacı olarak görüldüğü için bu hakları kullananlar daha çok yabancılardır. Danimarka’da Türkiye’de olduğu gibi tek bir dinin/mezhebin öğretimi yapılmaktadır. Din dersinin amaçları ve yöntemleri irdelendiğinde doktriner bir din eğitimi metodu tercih edildiği algılanmaktadır. Hristiyanlık harici başka bir din, devlet tarafından tanınmadığı için resmi okullarda eğitimi verilmemektedir. Yabancı uyruklular din eğitimi ihtiyaçlarını daha çok özel okullarda ve ibadethanelerinde karşılamaktadırlar.
Hz. Mûsâ’ya Verilen Levhalar: Kitâb-ı Mukaddes ile Kur’an-ı Kerim Arasında Bir Karşılaştırma
Authors: AYDAY Mehmet Selim
Published: December 2022

Allah, insanı yarattıktan sonra onu başı boş bırakmamış, doğru yolu bulabilmesi için onu vahiy ile yönlendirmiş ve bunun için de kullarının içinden seçtiği bazı kişileri bu vahyi tebliğ ile görevlendirmiştir. Kur’an’da adı geçen peygamberlerin tamamına vahyedildiği ifade edilmiş olmakla birlikte, sınırlı sayıda peygambere kitap, furkân, suhuf, hüküm, hikmet vb. verildiği şeklinde ayrıntılara rastlanmaktadır. Kur’an’da adı en çok anılan peygamber Hz. Mûsâ’dır. Onun Firavun ile mücadelesinin yanında, pek çok kere Allah ile ahidlerini bozan kavmi ile mücadelesinden de bahsedilmektedir. Çeşitli âyetlerde Hz. Mûsâ’ya Kitap, Furkan, Suhûf ve Levhalar’ın verildiği ifade edilmektedir. Her biri ile ilgili farklı farklı yorumlar yapılmış olsa da bu araştırmada sadece Levhalar konusu ele alınmıştır. Âyetlerin lafzında levhaların keyfiyetine ve yazılma işinin nasıl olduğuna dair ayrıntılı açıklamalar yer almamaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra toplam üç âyette geçen Levhalar ifadesi ile neyin kastedildiği, bu levhaların hangi maddeden yapıldığı, Hz. Mûsâ’nın Kutsal olan bu levhaları yere atması, Levhaların kırılıp kırılmadığı, Levhaların nerede saklandığı, Levhaların içeriği vb. konular araştırılmayı hakketmektedir. Tevrat metninde taş tabletler şeklinde ifade edilen levhalar konusu Kitâb-ı Mukaddes’te biraz daha ayrıntılı yer almaktadır. Kur’an’da ise Hz. Mûsâ’ya levhaların verildiği, Hz. Mûsâ’nın kavminin buzağıya taptığını gördüğünde levhaları yere attığı ve kızgınlığı geçince de levhaları aldığı bilgisi dışında herhangi bir ayrıntı yer almamaktadır. Tevrat’ta Hz. Mûsâ’nın levhaları Tûr-i Sînâ’da aldığı, bunların iki tane taş levhadan ibaret olduğu, üzerinde “Evâmir-i ‘aşere” olarak bilinen “on emir”in yazılı bulunduğu, Hz. Mûsâ’nın, kavminin buzağıya taptığını görünce onları kırdığı, Allah’ın ona yeniden iki levha yontmasını emrettiği, kırk gün kırk gece Tûr-i Sînâ’da kaldıktan sonra yonttuğu bu levhalara aynı emirlerin Allah tarafından ona yazdırıldığı, Hz. Mûsâ’nın bunları ahid sandığında muhafaza ettiği gibi ayrıntılar yer almaktadır. Konu hem İslâm hem de Tevrat tefsir geleneği çerçevesinde ele alınmış ve İslam tefsir geleneğindeki açıklamalar ile Tevrat tefsirlerindeki açıklamaların mukayesesi yapılmıştır.
Mapping Senufo: Making Visible Debatable Information and Situated Knowledge
Authors: Gagliardi Susan , Petridis Constantine
Published: December 2022

This presentation of the ideas underlying Mapping Senufo—a collaborative, born-digital publication focused on a group of so-called traditional African arts—explores the mismatch between many standard categories of museum collection management systems and African art, and identifies means to remedy this problem.
Technical Report: Haiti earthquake
Authors:   United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Eberle Caitlyn
Published: December 2022

On 14 August 2021, Haiti was hit by a magnitude 7.2 earthquake with an epicentre in the Canal du Sud (120 km west of the capital, Port-au-Prince). The earthquake killed over 2,200 people and injured more than 12,000. The vulnerability of the Haitian people to such a disaster can be traced back through centuries of colonial exploitation, resource extraction and political instability; displaying very clearly that disasters are byproducts of the societal construction of risk. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Haiti earthquake through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
Technical Report: Southern Madagascar food insecurity
Authors:   United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Narvaez Liliana , Eberle Caitlyn ,   United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS)
Published: December 2022

Southern Madagascar’s worst drought in 40 years had devastating cumulative effects on harvest and livelihoods. On top of this, frequent sandstorms and pest infestations have led to severe stress on vegetation triggering a drastic decline in rice, maize and cassava production. These environmental aspects, combined with a lack of livelihood diversification and ongoing poverty, the presence of cattle raiders and restrictive government decisions, have driven the population of southern Madagascar to acute food insecurity conditions. By December 2021, more than 1.6 million people were estimated to have been suffering high levels of food insecurity. This case is an example of how multiple, complex environmental and social factors can combine to trigger a profound crisis in a territory, where vulnerable groups, such as children under five, tend to be particularly affected. Environmental degradation, together with socioeconomic and political dynamics are leaving vulnerable people even more exposed to food crises with few livelihood options or safety nets to cope with disasters. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Southern Madagascar food insecurity through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
Technical Report: Hurricane Ida
Authors:   United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Higuera Roa Oscar , O'Connor Jack
Published: December 2022

On 1 September 2021, remnants of Hurricane Ida, the costliest disaster of 2021, brought historic rainfall to New York City, triggering the city’s first-ever flash flood alerts as water flooded streets, subway stations and apartments. Many of the people that lost their lives in the floods lived in basement apartments, and the water management system was completely overwhelmed, indicating a pressing need for infrastructure improvements to prevent such a disaster from happening again. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for Hurricane Ida through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
Time Matters When We Leave Books (Five New Monographs in the Faculty of Philology at SWU “Neofit Rilski”)
Authors:   South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Padareva-Ilieva Gergana
Published: December 2022

The article briefly presents five new books that were promoted at a special event at the University Library of South-West University “Neofit Rilski” in June 2022. The books are both scientific and fiction and show the genre diversity and specific scientific interests of the members of the Faculty of Philology. All five books were published in 2021, and their authors are prominent Bulgarian literary critics, linguists and anthropologists, members of the faculty.
The Novel „Debelyanov's Diary. The Blue Notebook“ – Challenges to the Genre or Diary of Consciousness
Authors:   South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Bozhinov Vencislav
Published: December 2022

This article introduces Roman Hadjikosev's debut novel, Debelyanov's Diary: The Blue Notebook. Herein, the main creative virtues of the work are demonstrated, including: accepting the challenge of writing a biographical novel about a classic Bulgarian author, whose artistic and personal profiles are extremely stable in the social consciousness; challenging the definition of the genre by incorporating original creative decisions; examining the character system of the novel as an original decision for building Debelyanov's character via the features of other individual protagonists.
Bulgarian Language as an Object of Legislative Initiatives in the Beginning of the XXI Century
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Turnovo, Marinov Vladislav , Vasileva Krasimira
Published: December 2022

The present study is the first one that aims to present a comparative analysis of the bills for the use of the Bulgarian language introduced in the Parliament since 2004. The conclusion reached as a result of the comparative analysis is that the texts of the bills have quite a lot in common rather than having differences in terms of both the main ideological positions and the weak points that prevented the adoption of such a law over the years. In addition to this, the conclusions impose the idea that a qualitatively new approach is needed in the drafting of the normative act – the law on the Bulgarian language should regulate a unified state language policy to protect the language as the basis of national identity and thus to encourage the development of education, science and culture in the Republic of Bulgaria.