bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЕКОНОМІЧНЕ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ І РОЗВИТОК КРАЇН ПІСЛЯ ЗБРОЙНИХ КОНФЛІКТІВ ТА ВОЄН: НЕВТРАЧЕНІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: ІВАНОВ Сергій
Published: May 2020

Показано, що зарубіжний досвід швидкого повоєнного економічного зростання становить інтерес для України, яка потребує реконструкції економіки з метою стабільного розвитку та відновлення після збройного конфлікту на Донбасі та анексії Криму. Виявлено, що післявоєнний економічний бум характеризувався сталим економічним зростанням, практично повною зайнятістю в європейських і східноазіатських країнах, зокрема, і в тих, які були спустошені війною.Розкрито досвід Німеччини. Досліджено головні аспекти, на яких був зосереджений «план Маршалла», а саме підходи до використання та повернення запозичених коштів. Визначено, що відновлення відбувалося на основі обраної концепції розвитку «соціального ринкового господарства», головними елементами якої було досягнення високого рівня добробуту всіх верств населення, вільна ринкова конкуренція і приватне підприємництво, активна участь держави в забезпеченні передумов та умов конкуренції.Проаналізовано досвід післявоєнної відбудови економіки Японії. Розкрито базові положення концептуальної праці «Основні проблеми економічної реконструкції Японії», в якій викладено методологічні підходи для виявлення і вивчення економічних проблем і шляхів їх подолання.Окреслено головні елементи економічних реформ у Південній Кореї. Показано, що економічне відновлення базувалося на посиленні ключових галузей промисловості, зменшенні безробіття і впровадженні ефективніших управлінських підходів.Обгрунтовано сучасний досвід відновлення Грузії. Показано, що для відродження влада Грузії реалізувала рекомендації зовнішніх кредиторів: почала боротьбу з корупцією, спростила адміністрування податків, реформувала виробництво.На основі проведеного аналізу визначено чинники, які сприяли відновленню та розвитку аналізованих країн після воєнних дій на їх території. Запропоновано ряд заходів, послідовна реалізація яких може забезпечити успішну реконструкцію економіки України.
Peran Preventif Pemimpin Dalam Pencegahan Penyebaran COVID-19; Strategi Syaykh Al-Zaytun di Ma’had Al-Zaytun dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Masyarakat Sekitar
Authors: Prawoto Imam , Rohmah Siti Ngainnur , Sunarya Fitri Rachmiati
Published: May 2020

AbstractLeaders have a very significant role in efforts to prevent the spread of the corona pandemic in the surrounding environment. Both leaders on a national and regional scale. Included in this are the leaders of CSOs, universities, schools and Islamic boarding schools. This article describes the strategy of Shaykh Al-Zaytun in preventing the spread of the Corona Pandemic in Ma'had Al-Zaytun and Al-Zaytun's Contribution to the Surrounding Communities. The method used is a qualitative method with a literature approach. The data obtained comes from lectures and public lectures, apart from various books and scientific journals.Keywords: Leader, Covid-19, Preventive Action AbstrakPara pemimpin memiliki peranan yang sangat signifikan dalam upaya tindakan preventif penyebaran pandemi corona di lingkungan sekitarnya. Baik pemimpin dalam skala nasional maupun daerah. Termasuk dalam hal ini adalah para pimpinan ormas, perguruan tinggi, sekolah dan pondok pesantren. Artikel ini memaparkan strategi Syaykh Al-Zaytun dalam pencegahan penyebaran Pandemi Corona di Ma’had Al-Zaytun dan Kontribusi Al-Zaytun terhadap Masyarakat Sekitar. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan literature. Data yang didapat bersumber dari ceramah dan kuliah umum, selain dari berbagai buku dan jurnal ilmiah.Kata Kunci: Pemimpin, Covid-19, Tindakan Preventif
Optical and mechanical industry during the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945: based on the materials of the Ural optical and mechanical plant
Authors: Sludnyh Anatoly V.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The article on the example of Ural Plant No. 217 explores the role of the optical-mechanical industry of the USSR in ensuring the defense capacity of the country and victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945. Results and Discussion. With the beginning of hostilities, the evacuation of most of the optical-mechanical plants and research institutes to the rear began. After the evacuation of Plant No. 217 in 1941 in Sverdlovsk, the organization of optical glass production began with the major reconstruction of the allocated premises, installation of the main equipment. In parallel with installation and commissioning, factory workers had to adapt the premises to the needs of production. The manufactured products were at the level of the world technical thought of that time and were characterized by novelty, originality of designs, and good operational data. Conclusion. Timely measures to evacuate research centers and industry in wartime conditions had a positive impact on the continuous provision of the Army and Navy with optical devices in the necessary nomenclature. The achievements of workers in the optical and mechanical industry were a synthesis of scientific thought and hard work, which made a huge contribution to the common cause of defeating the enemy.
Análisis de la estructura del sector y la asociación público-privada de semillas de maíz en México
Authors: Donnet M. Laura , López Becerril Iraís Dámaris , Domínguez Méndez Ciro , Arista Cortés Juan
Published: May 2020

Introducción. El rápido crecimiento de la inversión privada en el sector de semillas de maíz plantea desafíos para los organismos públicos y las empresas más pequeñas que tienen cada vez menor acceso a tecnologías y mercados. El Consorcio Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz (IMIC-LA), creado en México en 2011, busca aumentar el tamaño y la competitividad del sector semillero mediante el acceso a germoplasma y herramientas de mejoramiento. Sin embargo, no hay datos y medidas básicas recientes de la estructura que permitan evaluar esta y otras iniciativas del sector. Objetivo. Actualizar y analizar los indicadores de ventas totales, participación en ventas por categorías de empresas y tipos de variedades de semilla, y cobertura con semillas mejoradas, en México. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron datos de ventas de semillas de maíz de entrevistas y encuestas con empresas semilleras y estadísticas oficiales de producción de semillas del Servicio Nacional de Inspección y Certificación de Semillas (SNICS) del año 2011 al año 2016. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron un sector semillero más grande y competitivo después de veinticinco años de apertura, especialmente en los años más recientes en los que se destaca el rápido aumento del volumen y la participación de las ventas del subsector de empresas nacionales. Conclusión. La amplia participación de las empresas como miembros del consorcio y el desarrollo y comercialización de nuevas variedades, sugieren un impacto positivo y un papel en el crecimiento y competitividad de las empresas semilleras nacionales.
Flujos de metano en suelos con coberturas de pastos en el norte de Colombia
Authors: Espinosa Carvajal Manuel , Contreras Santos Jose Luis , Torres Jorge Cadena , Martínez Atencia Judith Del Carmen , Jaramillo Barrios Camilo Ignacio , Hurtado María Del Pilar
Published: May 2020

Introducción. Los sistemas tradicionales de producción ganadera en Colombia se basan en el establecimiento de pasturas en grandes extensiones de tierra, que generan gases de efecto invernadero, como el metano. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue vigilar los flujos mensuales de metano que se producen en las praderas con tres cubiertas de suelo y tres niveles de fertilización de nitrógeno. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un monitoreo a los flujos de metano durante un año comprendido entre noviembre de 2014 y noviembre de 2015, en un suelo Vertic Endoaquepts, ubicado en el Valle medio del río Sinú, Colombia. Se usó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, en arreglo en parcelas divididas, con dos repeticiones. Las parcelas principales constituidas por dos gramíneas (Brachiaria humidicola CIAT679 y Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania) y una con suelo descubierto, y las subparcelas por tres niveles de fertilización nitrogenada (0, 150, 300 kg N ha-1). Adicionalmente, se evaluaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo. Resultados. Durante la mayor parte del año (época de lluvias y seca) ocurrió oxidación de metano, asociado con la textura franca y porosidad del suelo en el área de estudio, que permitió la difusión libre de gases en el suelo. Los análisis de correlación mostraron estrecha relación entre los flujos de metano, porosidad, humedad, densidad aparente del suelo y la temperatura ambiente, sugiriendo a estos parámetros como los principales factores que afectan el flujo mensual de metano. Conclusiones. Los flujos de metano fueron independientes del tipo material vegetal y de la fertilización nitrogenada evaluada. Estos flujos dependieron de la época del año (seca y lluviosa) y exhibieron un balance anual negativo en el área de estudio, lo que sugiere que estos sistemas tienen las condiciones para comportarse como sumideros de metano durante la mayor parte del año.
La producción de gas in vitro para estimar la energía neta de lactancia
Authors: Sobalvarro Mena Jorge Luis , Elizondo Salazar Jorge Alberto , Rojas Bourillón Augusto
Published: May 2020

Introducción. El contenido energético de los forrajes es limitante para la producción de leche en sistemas de pastoreo, y la energía neta de lactancia es el parámetro más utilizado para expresar los requerimientos energéticos de los bovinos lecheros. Objetivo. Comparar el valor de energía neta de lactancia de alimentos, obtenido a partir de ecuaciones basadas en la producción de gas in vitro, con respecto a lo estimado por el modelo del National Research Council (NRC). Materiales y métodos. El experimento se llevó a cabo de agosto a diciembre del 2017 en el Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal de la Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. Se determinó la producción de gas in vitro en muestras de pasto estrella, ryegrass, ensilado de maíz, morera y concentrado. Se evaluaron cinco ecuaciones que incorporaron la producción acumulada de gas a las 24 horas. Resultados. La producción de gas mostró diferencias (p<0,001) entre alimentos. El mayor volumen de gas producido y contenido de la energía neta de lactancia (ENL1x) se presentaron con el concentrado. La ecuación 3 mostró la mayor precisión en la estimación de ENL que obtuvo el índice de correlación de concordancia mayor (r2=0,92). La utilización de ecuaciones por tipo de alimento mejoró la precisión en la predicción de ENL. La ecuación 1 fue más precisa en alimento balanceado, mientras que en ensilado de maíz fue la ecuación 4, y en morera, pasto estrella y ryegrass la ecuación 3. El índice de concordancia de Lin explicó mejor las diferencias en predicción de ENL que el índice de correlación de Pearson. Conclusión. La producción de gas in vitro con la aplicación de la ecuación 3, fue un método confiable para estimar el contenido de ENL1x en cinco alimentos utilizados en vacas lecheras.
Rank Status and Happiness in India: A Panel Ordered Probit Estimation of the Effect of Ordinal Relative Comparison on Well-being
Authors: Lakshmanasamy T. , Maya K.
Published: May 2020

Most often the social comparison or relative income hypothesis has been used as an explanation for the lack of systematic relationship between income and happiness, using the ordered probit regression method. The identification of relevant reference group and the estimation of the differential effects of comparison income have been controversial. To overcome these twin issues, this paper uses an ordinal comparison income approach based on rich/poor dichotomy and rank income. The rank income of an individual is defined as his relative position in the income distribution within the reference group and the average income of the reference group is used to define the rich/poor classification. The differential effects of ordinal incomes across life satisfaction distribution is estimated by the panel fixed effects ordered profit regression model using the WVS data for India. The estimated results show that ordinal income comparison, rather than cardinal average reference income, is a better predictor of life satisfaction levels. Raising income level is relatively important for less satisfied people while increasing rank status is important for highly satisfied people in India.
A Qualitative Enquiry into the Tribal Mothers’ Breastfeeding and Related Hygiene Practices in Kerala
Authors: Jose Justin P. , Cherayi Shanuga J. , Raju Kanmani T.
Published: May 2020

Background: Adequate and appropriate breastfeeding is critical to child survival, growth and development; however, there are widespread inconsistencies in breastfeeding practices with respect to its adequacy and appropriateness, especially in historically marginalize tribes in Kerala. Hence, this study explored breastfeeding and related hygiene practices of tribal mothers with children aged between 0 to 24 months. Method: We conducted 10 FGDs to collect data from five districts with significant proportion of tribal populations in Kerala, using a qualitative descriptive approach to enquiry. Two groups of participants were selected. First group was biological mothers and the second group was grandmothers of children aged between 0-24 months. All FGD participants were purposively selected and thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results: Hospital delivery has reduced prelacteal feeding. Perceptions of inadequate breastmilk relate with delayed initiation of BF. BF is predominantly demand driven. Communal norms sanction long duration of breastfeeding and nearly all mothers knew EBF. Perceptions of perceptions of inadequate breastmilk relate with early initiated CF. BF benefits to children are in terms of health, cognition, emotional bonding and growth but are harmful for mothers’ health and beauty. Mothers with poor family support face multiple role-related strains. Nearly all mothers have information of colostrum feeding and EBF for 0-6 months but EBF practice was suboptimal. Mothers enjoying poor family support face multiple role-related strains leading to suboptimal breastfeeding. Conclusions: The colostrum avoidance and prelacteal feeding was less frequent due to hospital deliveries but many believed that breastmilk alone was insufficient to newborns, leading to early CF. Proactive breastfeeding was less frequent and knowledge about breastfeeding benefits was child centric. Mothers’ work and household chores conflict with breastfeeding frequency.
Relationship Of Mental Health With Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Kang Tejpreet Kaur
Published: May 2020

The present study was conducted to assess the relationship of mental health with suicidal ideation among adolescents. The study was based on 240 adolescents (i.e. 120 rural and 120 urban) in the age range of 16-18 years. The sample was randomly drawn from four Government Senior Secondary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban areas of Ludhiana district. Suicidal Ideation Scale by Sisodia and Bhatnagar (2016) was used to assess suicidal ideation of the respondents and the scale consisted of 25 items whereas Mental Health Battery by Singh and Sengupta (2000) was used to assess the mental health of the adolescents and the battery consisted of 130 items. Results revealed significant gender-wise and locale-wise correlation between mental health and suicidal ideation among adolescents.
INTERSECCIONALIDADE E OUTROS OLHARES SOBRE A VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA MULHERES EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA PELA COVID-19
Authors: Barbosa Jeanine Pacheco Moreira , Lima Rita de Cássia Duarte , Martins Gabriela de Brito , Lanna Solange Drumond , Andrade Maria Angélica Carvalho
Published: May 2020

Este ensaio tem como objetivo problematizar as opressões e violências domésticas durante o isolamento social em tempos de pandemia. Partindo das contribuições do Institucionalismo e dos estudos interseccionais toma-se a pandemia como acontecimento e dispositivo analítico, fazendo uma análise que entrecruza a categoria gênero com as demais condições que atravessam as mulheres. Busca-se evidenciar que o aumento da violência contra a mulher durante a pandemia pode ser entendido como tensionamento entre a resistência ao racismo, ao sexismo e as desigualdades construídas pelo capitalismo.
Efectos del aislamiento social y la cuarentena sobre el bienestar subjetivo de los chilenos durante el brote de COVID-19
Authors: Ahumada Pedro San Martín
Published: May 2020

Se analizó el bienestar subjetivo de una muestra de 175 adultos de Santiago de Chile, que han estado entre 1 y 3 semanas en aislamiento social y/o cuarentena, a través de la Escala de afecto positivo y negativo adaptada por Arancibia. Para ello, se hizo una comparación de medias en ambas escalas con los valores críticos correlativos extraídos del mismo estudio de validación del instrumento. Los principales resultados mostraron que el grupo sometido a aislamiento social presentó un menor promedio de puntación bruta en la expresión de afecto positivo y mayor en afecto negativo, siendo ambos significativos. Además, al calcular la magnitud del efecto (d de Cohen) se obtuvieron resultados dispares para las escalas.
COVID-19 - Diagnóstico Laboratorial para Clínicos
Authors: Vieira Luisane Maria Falci , Emery Eduardo , Andriolo Adagmar
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 (do inglês coronavirus disease 2019) é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo novo coronavírus associado à síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronaviridae compreende uma grande família e, pelo menos, sete membros são conhecidos por causarem doenças respiratórias em humanos. Os coronavírus têm a capacidade de infectar praticamente todos os principais grupos de animais e, eventualmente, podem passar a contaminar humanos. O SARS-CoV-2 é o terceiro coronavírus a transpor a barreira entre espécies e infectar humanos. Esse vírus foi identificado em um surto de casos de pneumonia na cidade de Wuhan, província de Hubei, China, em dezembro de 2019. Todo o seu genoma está inscrito em uma fita única de ácido ribonucleico. Algumas proteínas presentes na superfície do vírus atuam como facilitadores do seu ingresso nas células hospedeiras, outras, aparentemente, estão relacionadas com a sua patogenia. Os coronavírus são responsáveis por infecções respiratórias em seres humanos e em alguns animais. Frequentemente, a infecção é de intensidade leve a moderada, mas alguns coronavírus podem causar doenças graves, como a Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) (SARS, do inglês Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), que ocorreu em 2002 e a síndrome respiratória do Oriente Médio (MERS, do inglês Middle East respiratory syndrome). Os coronavírus podem ativar uma resposta imune excessiva e desregulada, a qual pode propiciar o desenvolvimento SRAG. Ainda que o pulmão seja um dos órgãos alvo, o mecanismo de hipóxia é sistêmico e outros órgão passam a sofrer tanto a falta de oxigênio quando a desregulação dos mecanismos de controle da inflamação.
Facile preparation of an effective intumescent flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
Authors: Cheng Xian-Wei , Wu Yan-Xiang , Hu Bi-Qing , Guan Jin-Ping
Published: May 2020

In the present study, phytic acid was used as an environmentally sustainable phosphorus-containing flame retardant (FR) to improve the flammability of cotton fabrics. The facile preparation approach is adequate for offering an intumescent FR system for cotton, as phytic acid and triethanolamine could serve as the acid source and blowing agent, respectively, and a cellulose substrate may function as the carbon source. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, heat and smoke generation and mechanical performance of cotton fabrics were evaluated. The cotton fabrics coated with 70 g/l phytic acid at pH 5 had a weight gain of 15.1% and self-extinguished by way of an intumescent charring mechanism in the vertical burning test, and the textile structures of the burned portion were well preserved. The intumescent FR coating also greatly reduced the heat and smoke generation ability of cotton and enhanced its thermal stability at high temperature, but it suffered from poor washing resistance. The present intumescent FR system based on phytic acid is an eco-friendly and sustainable production approach compared with synthetically engineered chemicals.
Un concierto para todos. Análisis sobre las variables existentes para la construcción de un recital de grado en canto lírico
Authors: Acevedo Laura Catalina
Published: May 2020

El objeto de este artículo es narrar metodológicamente el proceso mediante el cual se construyó un concierto de grado, el cual partió de la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo lograr que un recital de grado en canto lírico resulte ameno e interesante para todos los asistentes? Tal interrogante surgió a partir del interés en conservar la atención de la audiencia inexperta durante todo el concierto. Para lograrlo, se partió del análisis de recitales anteriores y se obtuvo una serie de elementos estructurantes que fueron modificados, con el fin de generar una puesta en escena coherente e integral capaz de mantener la atención del público, sus resultados se analizados cualitativa y cuantitativamente y serán descritos en el texto.
DNA and RNA stabilization v1
Authors: Junior Neilier
Published: May 2020

DNA and RNA stabilization solution is an aqueous and non-toxic tissue storage reagent that rapidly permeates tissues to stabilize and protect nucleic acids in fresh specimens. Tissue pieces are harvested and immediately submerged in stabilization solution for storage. It can be used for DNA and RNA preservation with most tissues, cultured cells and is compatible with most DNA/RNA isolation methods. Proteins are precipitated, but can still be used for analyzes that do not require their native structure, such as western blotting or gel electrophoresis. Samples in DNA and RNA stabilization solution can be stored indefinitely in RNAlater Solution at –20 °C or below.
Western blot, ELISA and enzymatic assays of reference proteins for subcellular fractionation v1
Authors: Perez Rodriguez Saumel , De Jesús Ramírez-Lira María , Wulff Tune , Gunnar Voldbor Bjørn , T Ramírez Octavio , A Trujillo-Roldán Mauricio , A Valdez-Cruz Norma
Published: May 2020

Subcellular fractionation of mammalian cells has been applied for the study of morphology, composition, structure and interactions between organelles, cellular and molecular biology and, more recently, the cell composition through omics approaches . Advantages of fractionation comprise but are not limited to obtaining fractions enriched in certain compartments for the study of cellular processes in vitro , locate and track proteins and analyze post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins processed along the secretory pathway and protein composition of organelles . Despite the existence of a wide variety of cell fractionation protocols and techniques, most of them are based on the identification or assignment of a certain isolated fraction to one or more subcellular compartments from the enrichment of this fraction in certain markers, the which are mostly protein. The quantification of these protein markers can be done through western blot, ELISA, enzymatic assays or proteomic studies. The present protocol is focused in the identification of proteins markers from several organelles, by WB, ELISA and enzymatic assays. The enrichment of isolated fractions in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria, plasma membrane (PM), cis-Golgi and trans-Golgi can be assessed by detection of 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (Grp78), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh), histone H3, heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), flotilin 1, golgin A5 and golgin-97, respectively, by WB, and also by ELISA in case of golgin-97. Enrichment of peroxisomes in fractions collected from sucrose gradients can be assessed by a catalase assay adapted from . This protocol can be applied to any mammalian cell line during subcellular fractionation in order to quantify the enrichment of several organelles in the isolated fractions.
DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF WILTING TIME ON SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS IN SOYBEAN HAYLAGE
Authors: ŞAHAR Ahmet Korhan , VURARAK Yasemin , ÇUBUKCU Pınar , YÜCEL Hatice
Published: May 2020

This study was carried out in Adana province for two
years (2016, 2017) to determine the effect of wilting times on soybean haylage.
All of the harvests
were made using the conditioner mower in the development phase of soybean R6.
The harvested soybean forage was allowed to wilt for 4 different wilting times
under field conditions. Small-scale haylage bales of 40-50 kg weight were
prepared for each subject. These bales were wrapping with 4 layers of polyethylene
material without any additives and storage to ferment for 60 days.

The wilting time
was based on crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, digestible
dry matter, dry matter consumption and relative feed value was found to have an
effective statistical significance at 1% (p<0.01) significance level. Furthermore,
it was determined that wilting time was effective at 1% (p <0.01)
significance level on haylage bales weight, dry matter content, pH and haylage bales
density. As a result, it was determined that the highest value in terms of relative
feed value were obtained by wrapping the haylage after 18h - 22h of wilting. In
addition, it was determined that in terms of crude protein,  roughage quality was reduced by 31.4% on
average with 80h wilting compared with the other applications.
Fostering Digital Participation for People with Intellectual Disabilities and Their Caregivers: Towards a Guideline for Designing Education Programs
Authors: Heitplatz Vanessa N.
Published: May 2020

In Germany, libraries or public training centers offer education programs for different target groups to foster digital participation. Yet, those programs often do not meet the requirements of people with intellectual disabilities, their formal caregivers or social institutions. A high degree of personal and organizational effort, lack of caregivers’ knowledge and expenditure of time materialize as barriers for caregivers in social institutions to support their clients to achieve digital literacy. However, the desires of people with intellectual disabilities to improve their digital skills have risen steadily in the last years. This article addresses the question of how education programs should be designed to meet the needs of people with intellectual disabilities, their formal caregivers, and social institutions. Therefore, requirements were derived from a secondary analysis of 24 semi-structured interviews with formal caregivers in social organizations, focus groups containing 50 people with intellectual disabilities, and an additional interview study with five experts form research and practice. As a result, a guideline with ten main points for designing education programs for people with disabilities, caregivers and social institutions is presented in this article.
Digital Inclusion Across the Americas and Caribbean
Authors: Robinson Laura , Schulz Jeremy , Dodel Matías , Correa Teresa , Villanueva-Mansilla Eduardo , Leal Sayonara , Magallanes-Blanco Claudia , Rodriguez-Medina Leandro , Dunn Hopeton S. , Levine Lloyd , McMahon Rob , Khilnani Aneka
Published: May 2020

This research brings together digital inequality scholars from across the Americas and Caribbean to examine efforts to tackle digital inequality in Uruguay, Chile, Peru, Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, the United States, and Canada. As the case studies show, governmental policy has an important role to play in reducing digital disparities, particularly for potential users in rural or remote areas, as well as populations with great economic disparities. We find that public policy can effectively reduce access gaps when it combines the trifecta of network, device, and skill provision, especially through educational institutions. We also note, that urban populations have benefitted from digital inclusion strategies to a greater degree. This underscores that, no matter the national context, rural-urban digital inequality (and often associated economic inequality) is resistant to change. Even when access is provided, potential users may not find it affordable, lack skills, and/or see no benefit in adoption. We see the greatest potential for future digital inclusion in two related approaches: 1) initiatives that connect with hard-to-reach, remote, and rural communities outside urban cores and 2) initiatives that learn from communities about how best to provide digital resources while respecting their diversely situated contexts, while meeting social, economic and political needs.
Personality Trait Development in Psychology Students During the Graduate Year
Authors: Ermolaeva M.V. , Isaev E.I. , Lubovsky D.
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on the formation of professionally important personality traits in graduate students of psychological and pedagogical master degree programmes. We analyze the development of personal and professional identity, empathy and communicative characteristics. The study involved 60 graduate students. To test the hypothesis of the contradictory developmental dynamics of personal and professional identity and communicative characteristics (empathy and communication skills) we used L.B.Schneider’s techniques for studying professional (MIPI) and personal identity (MILI), the questionnaire measure of emotional empathy by A.Mehrabian and N.Epstein, and the social skills test by L. Michelson. The study revealed the predominance of diffuse and pseudo-positive personal identity statuses among the graduate students as well as the complex dynamics of professional identity statuses. Also, the obtained data points to an increase in the expression of the competent communication style and high levels of empathy. We outline some perspectives for further research on the development of professionally important personal qualities and psychological and educational support of students during their graduate year.
Parental Assessment of Safe Behaviour in Children of Primary School, Adolescent and Young Age
Authors: Fatikhova L.F. , Sayfutdiyarova E.F.
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the issue of studying safety behaviour in psychology from the point of view of factors that influence this phenomenon. It presents results of a research aimed at understanding how parents assess safe behaviour of their children with and without mental disorders depending on the child’s age. Our hypothesis was that parental assessments of their children’s personality traits associated with safe behaviours would differ according to the children’s age (primary school, adolescent and young age) and mental abilities. The study involved 204 subjects: 136 parents of children without mental disorders (128 females and 8 males) and 68 parents of children with mental disorders (58 females and 10 males).We used the semantic differential method: the parents were asked to assess their children’s personal qualities associated with safe behaviour. The semantic differential was formed with two-pole scales of antonymous adjectives that described personality traits in terms of safe behavior. The adjectives were divided into groups based on three assessment factors: Assessment, Strength, and Activity. The research findings allow us to assume that the age factor has no influence on the manifestation of personal features related to safe behaviour. Yet, mental disorders affect their formation in every assessment factor: Assessment (p≤0,001), Strength (p≤0,01), Activity (p≤0,001).The findings can be useful in creating programmes aimed at developing safe lifestyle both in healthy and mentally disabled children and adolescents.
L-asparaginases of extremophilic microorganisms in biomedicine
Authors: Dumina M.V. , Eldarov M.A. , Zdanov D.D. , Sokolov N.N.
Published: May 2020

L-asparaginase is extensively used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and several other lymphoproliferative diseases. In addition to its biomedical application, L-asparaginase is also of prospective use in food industry to reduce the formation of acrylamide, which is classified as probably neurotoxic and carcinogenic to human, and in biosensors for determination of L-asparagine level in medicine and food chemistry. The importance of L-asparaginases in different fields, disadvantages of commercial ferments, and the fact that they are widespread in nature stimuli the search for biobetter L-asparaginases from new producing microorganisms. In this regard, extremofile microorganisms exhibit unique physiological properties such as thermal stability, adaptability to extreme cold conditions, salt and pH tolerance and so provide one of the most valuable sources for novel L-asparaginases. The present review summarizes the recent results on studying the structural, functional, physicochemical and kinetic properties, stability of extremophilic L-asparaginases in comparison with their mesophilic homologues.
Qualitative difference of mitochondrial subproteoms of brain RPN10- and RPN13-binding proteins
Authors: Buneeva O.A. , Kopylov A.T. , Medvedev A.E.
Published: May 2020

Good evidence exists that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays an important role in degradation of mitochondrial proteins and membrane proteins associated with mitochondria (MAM proteins). Mitochondria contain all components of the ubiquitin-conjugating system, which are necessary for the attachment of ubiquitin molecules to target proteins, subjected to subsequent degradation in proteasomes. An important stage in the delivery of proteins for proteolytic degradation in proteasomes is their interaction with ubiquitin receptors located on the regulatory subunit (19S) of the proteasome: the Rpn10 or Rpn13 subunit. These subunits make basically the same contribution to the subsequent translocation of target proteins to the core part of the proteasome. A comparative study of mouse brain mitochondrial subproteomes bound to Rpn10 and Rpn13 subunits revealed a high specificity of the repertoire of Rpn10 and Rpn13-binding proteins. Moreover, proteins, for which mitochondrial localization or association with mitochondrial membranes was previously shown, prevailed in the case of using the Rpn13 subunit as an affinity ligand (Rpn13-binding proteins). This suggests that Rpn10 and Rpn13 play different roles in the degradation of mitochondrial proteins and MAM.
Writing Cinema Histories with Digital Databases
Authors: Noordegraaf Julia , Lotze Kathleen , Boter Jaap
Published: May 2020

The increasing availability of films and cinema-related heritage in digital form, as well as the creation and use of structured datasets related to the contexts of film production, distribution and consumption, have invited the use of new, computational approaches for studying cinema and its history. In this article, we review the online database Cinema Context (www.cinemacontext.nl) and its impact on the study of historical film cultures. Cinema Context is a relational database and research instrument for studying the history of film culture in the Netherlands. After an introduction to Cinema Context and its position within the international research context, we address its usage in order to discuss the opportunities and challenges of transforming a complex phenomenon such as Dutch film culture into structured data, and we reflect on its implications for film historical research.
Mirko Tobias Schäfer on Entrepreneurial Research
Authors: Schäfer Mirko Tobias
Published: May 2020

Interview with Mirko Tobias Schäfer (Utrecht University) with Eef Masson and Karin van Es.
Data-Based Art, Algorithmic Poetry
Authors: Mul Geert , Masson Eef
Published: May 2020

The award-winning media artist Geert Mul (the Netherlands, 1965) has been making computer based artworks for over twenty-five years. A large portion of his oeuvre, and his more recent work in particular, relies heavily on existing images, often sourced online. With the help of image analysis software, Mul reworks the pictures into new combinations, attracted by the unexpected results that algorithmic operations produce, and the revelatory potential they hold. The artist refers to this work as ‘data-based art’ – a term revealing not only of his own process as a maker, but also of his take on how people today engage with the world around them and make sense of it. At the conclusion of a large-scale retrospective of his work, Eef Masson spoke with him about some of the key ingredients of his visual practice and the inextricable relations between them: information, databases and collections; randomness and rules; and crucially, makers and audiences or users. In the course of the conversation, Mul also reflected on how his work ties in with much older traditions of play, in artistic practice, with data and the rules for their recombination.
Making Sense of the Data-driven
Authors: Wieringa Maranke
Published: May 2020

Review of The Algorithmic History Museum, an installation created by SETUP. It was on display at the Dutch Design Week 2017 (21– 29 October 2017, Eindhoven, the Netherlands).
Knowledge, attitude and practice of antenatal care among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital of Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Garg Parul , . Divya
Published: May 2020

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of antenatal care among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital and also to identify factors that are associated with non-usage of antenatal care.Methods: The study was conducted on 150 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in department of obstetrics and gynecology of K. D. Medical College and associated hospital of Mathura from September 2019 to December 2019. After obtaining consent, randomly selected pregnant women were given a pre-designed, structured questionnaire on socio-demographic variables, knowledge, attitude and practice towards antenatal care.Results: In the present study, out of 150 respondents, 62.7% had knowledge and awareness regarding antenatal care. There was inadequate knowledge about frequency of antenatal visits with 59.3% subjects wanting to deliver in the hospital.Conclusions: To improve effective utilization of ANC services, we need to bring behaviour changes, improve communication and quality of service delivery, along with effective monitoring and evaluation. Awareness should be developed in the community about the importance of registration for ANC, educating women about the detection of complications during pregnancy, importance of TT injection, IFA tablets and extra nutrition.
Role of cerebro spinal fluid lactate as a diagnostic marker for differentiation from bacterial and aseptic meningitis
Authors: Subrahmanyam Chintha Venkata , Vidavaluru Mahesh
Published: May 2020

Background: Meningitis is serious and a life threatening condition among any age group associated with serious mortality and morbidity. CSF lactate may be a good marker to differentiate bacterial from other cause of meningitis. Objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of CSF lactate in differentiating bacterial/ pyogenic from non pyogenic meningitis.Methods: A one year prospective study with all cases diagnosed as meningitis was enrolled and CSF analysis was done. Patients were grouped as bacteria, viral and tubercular meningitis based on clinical and CSF analysis. All cytological, biochemical and CSF lactate were estimated and compared with lactate to differentiate pyogenic from non pyogenic meningitis. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 20.Results: A total of 120 cases with 74 males and 46 females, majority in 31-50 years age group were included. 59 pyogenic, 37 tubercular and 24 viral meningitis cases were diagnosed. Fever was common symptom (91.67%). Mean CSF protein was highest in pyogenic meningitis (271.1±142.28), 26 cases of tubercular meningitis demonstrated elevated levels of CSF lactate with a cut-off value of >2.1mmol/l (70.27%), five cases of viral meningitis (13.51%) and all 59 cases of pyogenic meningitis (100%).Conclusions: This present study concludes that CSF lactate could be a reliable and valid marker in early differentiation of pyogenic from cases of nonpyogenic meningitis. Early detection may help in early decision on the type and institution of appropriate management could reduce the mortality and morbidity of meningitis.
TESTE RÁPIDO MOLECULAR PARA TUBERCULOSE: CUSTO E CONTRIBUIÇÕES
Authors: Lopes Larissa Nicolau , Cardoso Lilian Lessa , Da Silva Marcelle Saldanha , Tonin Edvaldo , Zilly Adriana , Silva-Sobrinho Reinaldo Antonio
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: identificar o custo da tecnologia Gene Xpert MTB/Rif® e analisar sua contribuição para o diagnóstico rápido da tuberculose. Método: estudo quantitativo e retrospectivo realizado no período de 2014 a 2016. A busca de dados foi realizada no Sistema de Informação de Agravo de Notificação e no Gerenciador de Ambiente Laboratorial. Os dados foram analisados com base nas técnicas de estatística descritiva por meio da distribuição de frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: foram estudados 196 casos e a média de tempo para a realização do exame para diagnóstico da tuberculose por meio do Gene Xpert MTB/Rif® foi de dois dias, com custo de R$ 35,20 por exame realizado. Conclusão: os custos da tecnologia Gene Xpert MTB/Rif® são relativamente superiores ao da baciloscopia de escarro, porém têm-se grandes vantagens quanto ao tempo para a liberação do resultado do exame e maior sensibilidade e esfericidade oferecida pelo teste rápido molecular. Descritores: Tuberculose.

Diagnóstico. Tuberculose Pulmonar. Custos e Análise de Custo. Técnicas de Diagnóstico do Sistema Respiratório.
FORECASTING DURATION OF USE OF VARIOUS TYPES OF DENTURES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE
Authors: Koshelev konstantin , Belousov Nikolay , Sokolova Irina , Sokolov Denis
Published: May 2020

Subject. The increase in the number of works devoted to the influence of somatic diseases on dental health is steadily growing in the specialized literature. On the other hand, the requirements of the work of orthopedic dentists are dictated by the need for a clear assessment of the possible long-term results of prosthetics of teeth and dentitions, taking into account a number of factors, one of which is the presence and severity of general somatic pathology and associated diseases.

The goal is to analyze the effect of hypertension on the life of some types of dentures.

Methodology. As research methods, standard clinical and paraclinical methods for examining patients were used, recommended for use in the considered nosologies of the dental spectrum. A specially designed questionnaire was used that included the issues under consideration. As a study material, data from three hundred and ten patients are presented, who for various reasons needed repeated prosthetics and were divided into groups according to several criteria. Statistical data processing was carried out in accordance with the requirements for research of this type.

Results. A correlation was found between the terms of comfortable use of dentures and the presence of a history of hypertension in patients. The main complaints of patients when applying for repeated prosthetics are identified and the reasons are structured that lead to a decrease in the service life of removable and non-removable prostheses for the somatic pathology under consideration.

Conclusions. The data obtained can be used by orthopedic dentists in the clinical appointment of patients with partial and complete loss of teeth at the stage of planning the expected result when dentures are prosthetized and serve as the basis for further scientific work in the indicated direction.
OPTIMIZATION OF METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OVERLAPING DENTURES SUPPORTED BY TEETH AND DENTAL IMPLANTS
Authors: Tlustenko Valentina , Bayrikov Ivan , Sadykov Mukatdes , Komlev Sergey , Bazhutova Irina , Khomenko Ivan
Published: May 2020

Subject. Currently, there are many methods for restoring the crown of the tooth using various stump pin designs, but they are not always effective when prosthetics are removable dentures. Therefore, overlapping prostheses using locking elements and dental implants are becoming increasingly popular in the clinic of orthopedic dentistry. Locking fasteners can reduce pressure on the mucous membrane, increase functional efficiency by transferring pressure to the abutment teeth, which positively affects the stabilization and retention of orthopedic structures.

The goal is to improve the quality of orthopedic treatment of partial absence of teeth with the help of overlapping prostheses based on spherical attachments, dental and collapsible dental implants.

Methodology. Orthopedic treatment was performed for 27 patients (12 men and 15 women) aged 59 to 74 years, who were divided into two groups: control (10 people) and main (17 people). For patients of the control group, dental treatment was carried out using partial removable laminar prostheses using generally accepted technologies, the main one using advanced technologies for the manufacture of removable dentures and collapsible dental implants.

Results. The use of removable orthopedic constructions based on teeth and dental implants using an advanced manufacturing technology (RF Patents No. 2593349, 2708828, 2588488 for an invention) made it possible to carry out dental treatment of patients with partial absence of teeth. An assessment of the quality of hygiene of removable dentures.

Conclusions. The effectiveness of prosthetics depends on the rational choice of the orthopedic design and the use of dental implants, as well as the correct assessment of the periodontal condition of the abutment teeth and the determination of contraindications for the manufacture of cast stump pin inlays with spherical locks.
SOME FEATURES OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND DENTAL INDICATORS OF LIFE QUALITY IN PATIENTS WITH REFRACTIVE ORAL CAVITIES AFTER ACID-RESPECT TERRITORY
Authors: Galimova Irina , Usmanova Irina , Gerasimova Larisa , Hismatullina Zuhra , Granot Yigal , Ishmukhametova Amina , Khismatullina Leonora
Published: May 2020

Subject. The results of a comprehensive clinical examination of patients with acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including an assessment of some features of the clinical manifestations of recurrent aphthalmic afta and dental quality of life parameters, are examined.

The goal is to assess the relationship of the clinical manifestations of recurring aphthae of the oral cavity and the dental quality of life in patients with acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Methodology. A general clinical and dental examination of 125 young people with recurrent aphthae of the oral cavity against acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract was performed. The questionnaire method was used to assess the quality of life of the studied groups of patients depending on the nosology and clinical features of the pathology of the oral mucosa.

Results. The percentage of patients with recurrent oral aphthae at the time of the clinical dental examination averaged 46.4 % of cases, with acid-dependent gastrointestinal diseases - 33.6%, the number of relapses averaged 2.57 ± 0.23 times a year. Among triggers of recurrent aphthae of the oral cavity, patients at the time of the clinical examination identified the influence of stressful situations (100 %), chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (80 %), and mucosal injuries (33.6 %).

Conclusions. The most frequent triggering factors that provoke the clinical features of recurrent aphthae of the oral cavity are some acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the form of chronic gastritis and duodenitis and chronic pancreatitis against the background of hyperacid secretion of the stomach, and the mucous membrane is a favorite localization of morphological elements (aphthae) in the area of mesial incisors of the front teeth of the upper or lower jaw, the mucous membrane of the upper or lower lip, mucus melting the side surface of the tongue and the buccal mucosa in premolars.