bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expansion of acidophytic late‐successional bryophytes in Dutch fens between 1940 and 2000
Authors: Paulissen Maurice P.C.P. , Schaminée Joop H.J. , During Heinjo J. , Wieger Wamelink G.W. , Verhoeven Jos T.A.
Published: May 2013

Question

How did frequency and local abundance of key bryophytes in Dutch fens change between 1940 and 2000?

Location

The Netherlands.

Methods

A total of 1939 vegetation relevés, objectively assigned to the class Parvocaricetea and dating from the period 1940–1999 inclusive, were extracted from a national Netherlands database. From this relevé set, two additional data sets were derived; these were syntaxonomically homogeneous at the association level. One contained 418 Scorpidio‐Caricetum diandrae relevés and the other 956 Pallavicinio‐Sphagnetum relevés. The following analyses were done for these three data sets: frequency and local abundance change of 13 bryophyte species over three 20‐yr periods were described using logistic regression and the nonparametric Jonckheere–Terpstra test, respectively.

Results

Acidophytic, late‐successional species, notably Sphagnum palustre and Polytrichum uliginosum, have replaced relatively early‐successional species such as brown mosses, Sphagnum subnitens and Sphagnum squarrosum during the studied period. The results were mostly consistent across the three data sets. Local abundance patterns generally paralleled those of frequency, although cover trends were often less robust.

Conclusions

Drastic changes have taken place in the bryophyte layer of Dutch fens between 1940 and 2000. Our study has shown that acidophytic, late‐successional bryophytes have replaced relatively early‐successional brown moss and Sphagnum species. Both hydrological changes and nutrient shifts (in particular phosphorus enrichment and ammonium toxicity) appear to have been responsible for the observed rapid shifts in the bryophyte layer of Dutch fens.
Serum nitrotyrosine and psychometric tests as indicators of impaired fitness to drive in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Felipo Vicente , Urios Amparo , Valero Pedro , Sánchez Mar , Serra Miguel A. , Pareja Ignacio , Rodríguez Felicidad , Gimenez‐Garzó Carla , Sanmartín Jaime , Montoliu Carmina
Published: May 2013

Background & Aims

Cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) show impaired driving ability and increased vehicle accidents. The neurological deficits contributing to impair driving and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Early detection of driving impairment would help to reduce traffic accidents in MHE patients. It would be therefore useful to have psychometric or biochemical parameters reflecting driving impairment. The aims of this work were as follows: (i) to shed light on the neurological deficits contributing to impair driving; (ii) to assess whether some psychometric test or biochemical parameter is a good indicator of driving impairment.

Methods

We assessed in 22 controls, 36 cirrhotic patients without and 15 with MHE, driving performance using a driving simulator (SIMUVEG) and Driver Test. MHE was diagnosed using the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES). Psychometric tests assessing different neurological functions (mental processing speed, attention, visuo‐spatial and bimanual coordination) were performed. Blood ammonia and parameters related with nitric oxide‐cGMP metabolism, IL‐6, IL‐18 and 3‐nitrotyrosine were measured.

Results

Patients with MHE showed impaired driving ability correlating with MHE grade, with impaired vehicle lateral control in spite of reduced driving speed. Patients with MHE show psychomotor slowing, longer reaction times, impaired bimanual and visuo‐spatial coordination and concentrated attention and slowed speed of anticipation and increased blood ammonia, cGMP, IL‐6, IL‐18 and 3‐nitrotyrosine.

Conclusions

Impaired mental processing speed, attention and alterations in visuo‐spatial and motor coordination seem main contributors to impaired driving ability in patients with MHE. Increased serum 3‐nitrotyrosine is associated with impaired driving ability.
A pilot study of hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who have failed anti‐angiogenic therapy
Authors: Shao Yu‐Yun , Liang Po‐Chin , Wu Yao‐Ming , Huang Chun‐Chieh , Huang Kai‐Wen , Cheng Jason C. , Hsu Chih‐Hung , Hsu Chiun , Cheng Ann‐Lii , Lin Zhong‐Zhe
Published: May 2013

Background & Aims

For patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have failed first‐line anti‐angiogenic therapy, there is no salvage treatment. Hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy (HAIC) has been reported to achieve substantial treatment responses in HCC patients. We aimed to explore the feasibility of using HAIC as second‐line therapy for advanced HCC.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients who received HAIC for advanced HCC after failure of first‐line anti‐angiogenic therapy at a single institute. Patients received HAIC with 60 mg/m2 cisplatin on Day 2, and 500 mg/m2/d dose of 5‐fluorouracil on Days 1–3. The treatment was repeated every 21 days and continued until disease progression or the occurrence of intolerable toxicities. Tumour assessment was performed after every 3 cycles of HAIC following RECIST criteria, version 1.0.

Results

A total of 23 patients were included. Eleven (48%) patients had main portal vein thrombosis. Liver reserve was classified as Child‐Pugh A in 19 (83%) patients and B in 4 (17%) patients. No complete response was observed, although 6 (26%) patients showed partial responses. The median progression‐free survival was 4.4 months, and the median overall survival was 7.5 months. Common toxicities included bone marrow suppression, elevated transaminase levels, neutropenia, nausea and malaise. Only 7 (30%) patients experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicities, and no patients withdrew from the therapy because of intolerable or life‐threatening toxicities.

Conclusion

HAIC is a feasible second‐line therapy for patients with advanced HCC who have failed anti‐angiogenic therapy.
Rise and fall of HCV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma in Italy: a long‐term survey from the ITA.LI.CA centres
Authors: Cazzagon Nora , Trevisani Franco , Maddalo Gemma , Giacomin Anna , Vanin Veronica , Pozzan Caterina , Poggio Paolo Del , Rapaccini Gianludovico , Nolfo Anna M. Di , Benvegnù Luisa , Zoli Marco , Borzio Franco , Giannini Edoardo G. , Caturelli Eugenio , Chiaramonte Maria , Foschi Francesco G. , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Felder Martina , Ciccarese Francesca , Missale Gabriele , Baroni Gianluca Svegliati , Morisco Filomena , Pecorelli Anna , Farinati Fabio ,   for The Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) Group
Published: May 2013

Background & Aims

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading aetiological factor of HCC in the western world where, overall, its incidence is increasing, despite data suggesting an initial drop in some areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiology, clinical features and survival of HCV‐related HCC (HCV‐HCC) in a wide time range in Italy.

Methods

Multicentre retrospective study including 3695 patients prospectively recruited by the ITA.LI.CA group. Patients were classified into three subgroups according to aetiology (Group A[GA], pure HCV; Group B[GB], HCV + cofactors; and Group C[GC], non‐HCV) and in 5 time cohorts (5 years each), according to the year of diagnosis. Age, gender, Child–Pugh score, modality of diagnosis, stage, presence of thrombosis/metastases, type of treatment and survival were analysed.

Results

A total of 1801 GA patients, 445 GB and 1333 GC were recruited. The number of GA patients peaked in the 1996–2000, gradually dropping thereafter (P < 0.0001), as observed for GB (P < 0.0001). Age at diagnosis increased (P < 0.0001), while percentage of patients diagnosed during surveillance and stage improved only in GA (P = 0.02 and P = 0.003 respectively). The survival significantly increased over time particularly in GA (median 37 months) and was longer in GA than in GB and GC (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The prevalence of HCC‐HCV is decreasing in Italy since 2001. HCV‐HCC patients are older, more frequently diagnosed under surveillance and in an earlier stage. HCC survival improved in the last 15 years and is significantly higher in patients with HCV‐HCC. We therefore expect a further drop in both incidence and mortality for HCV‐HCC in the years to come.
Ethnicity and children's diets: the practices and perceptions of mothers in two minority ethnic groups in Denmark
Authors: Nielsen Annemette , Krasnik Allan , Holm Lotte
Published: May 2013

This study explores concerns and dilemmas connected with diet, health and child‐feeding in families with ethnic minority background. The aim is to contribute to better targeting of dietary advice to ethnic minority parents in Denmark. Four focus group interviews were carried out with mothers of children between 4 months and 2 and a half years who were descendants of Turkish or Pakistani immigrants. The focus groups investigated: (1) everyday feeding practices; (2) values and concerns behind food choice; (3) social and cultural norms influencing feeding and eating practices; (4) experienced dilemmas in dietary change; and (5) sources of nutritional advice. Public health authorities in Denmark tend to link diet‐related health problems among ethnic minority populations with their ethnic identity, dichotomising ethnic and Danish dietary habits. This may overlook values and concerns other than those related to ethnicity that are sometimes more important in determining food habits. The present study found that child‐feeding practices were shaped by two main aims: (1) securing and improving child health; and (2) ensuring multi‐cultural eating competence in children. The results confirm that ethnic distinctions do matter in the concerns and dilemmas mothers experience when feeding their children, but they also challenge the health authorities' reliance on dichotomies in promoting health among immigrant families. The participants' ethnic self‐identification through food practices did not refer primarily to the birthplaces of their parents. Rather, it was context dependent and directed simultaneously towards majority and minority culture.
Implementation of geriatric acute care best practices: Initial results of the NICHE SITE self‐evaluation
Authors: Boltz Marie , Capezuti Elizabeth , Shuluk Joseph , Brouwer Julianna , Carolan Deirdre , Conway Shirley , DeRosa Sue , LaReau Rita , Lyons Denise , Nickoley Sue , Smith Tyleen , Galvin James E.
Published: May 2013

Nurses Improving Care of Healthsystem Elders (NICHE) provides hospitals with tools and resources to implement an initiative to improve health outcomes in older adults and their families. Beginning in 2011, members have engaged in a process of program self‐evaluation, designed to evaluate internal progress toward developing, sustaining, and disseminating NICHE. This manuscript describes the NICHE Site Self‐evaluation and reports the inaugural self‐evaluation data in 180 North American hospitals. NICHE members evaluate their program utilizing the following dimensions of a geriatric acute care program: guiding principles, organizational structures, leadership, geriatric staff competence, interdisciplinary resources and processes, patient‐ and family‐centered approaches, environment of care, and quality metrics. The majority of NICHE sites were at the progressive implementation level (n = 100, 55.6%), having implemented interdisciplinary geriatric education and the geriatric resource nurse (GRN) model on at least one unit; 29% have implemented the GRN model on multiple units, including specialty areas. Bed size, teaching status, and Magnet status were not associated with level of implementation, suggesting that NICHE implementation can be successful in a variety of settings and communities.
From Experience to Metaphysics: On Experience‐based Intuitions and their Role in Metaphysics
Authors: Benovsky* Jiri
Published: May 2013

Metaphysical theories are often counter‐intuitive. But they also often are strongly supported and motivated by intuitions. One way or another, the link between intuitions and metaphysics is a strong and important one, and there is hardly any metaphysical discussion where intuitions do not play a crucial role. In this article, I will be interested in a particular kind of such intuitions, namely those that come, at least partly, from experience. There seems to be a route from experience to metaphysics, and this is the core of my interest here. In order to better understand such ‘arguments from experience’ and the kind of relationship there is between this type of intuitions and metaphysical theories, I shall examine four particular cases where a kind of experience‐based intuition seems to motivate or support a metaphysical theory. At the end of the day, I shall argue that this route is a treacherous one, and that in all of the four cases I shall concentrate on, phenomenological considerations are in fact orthogonal to the allegedly ‘corresponding’ metaphysical claims. An anti‐realist view of metaphysics will emerge.
Transgenerational effects of plant sex and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Varga Sandra , Vega‐Frutis Rocío , Kytöviita Minna‐Maarit
Published: May 2013

In gynodioecious plants, females are predicted to produce more and/or better offspring than hermaphrodites in order to be maintained in the same population. In the field, the roots of both sexes are usually colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Transgenerational effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis are largely unknown, although theoretically expected.

We examined the maternal and paternal effects of AM fungal symbiosis and host sex on seed production and posterior seedling performance in Geranium sylvaticum, a gynodioecious plant. We hand‐pollinated cloned females and hermaphrodites in symbiosis with AM fungi or in nonmycorrhizal conditions and measured seed number and mass, and seedling survival and growth in a glasshouse experiment.

Females produced more seeds than hermaphrodites, but the seeds did not germinate, survive or grow better. Mycorrhizal plants were larger, but did not produce more seeds than nonmycorrhizal plants. Transgenerational parental effects of AM fungi were verified in seedling performance.

This is the first study to show transgenerational mycorrhiza‐mediated parental effects in a gynodioecious species. Mycorrhizal symbiosis affects plant fitness mainly through female functions with enduring effects on the next generation.
Cotton plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2s (PIP2s) selectively interact to regulate their water channel activities and are required for fibre development
Authors: Li Deng‐Di , Ruan Xiang‐Mei , Zhang Jie , Wu Ya‐Jie , Wang Xiu‐Lan , Li Xue‐Bao
Published: May 2013

Aquaporins are thought to be associated with water transport and play important roles in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibre elongation. Among aquaporins, plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) constitute a plasma‐membrane‐specific subfamily and are further subdivided into PIP1 and PIP2 groups.

In this study, four fibre‐preferential GhPIP2 genes were functionally characterized. The selective interactions among GhPIP2s and their interaction proteins were studied in detail to elucidate the molecular mechanism of cotton fibre development.

GhPIP2;3 interacted with GhPIP2;4 and GhPIP2;6, but GhPIP2;6 did not interact with GhPIP2;4. Coexpression of GhPIP2;3/2;4 or GhPIP2;3/2;6 resulted in a positive cooperative effect which increased the permeability coefficient of oocytes, while GhPIP2;4/2;6 did not. GhBCP2 (a blue copper‐binding protein) inhibited GhPIP2;6 water channel activity through their interaction. Overexpression of GhPIP2 genes in yeast induced longitudinal growth of the host cells. By contrast, knockdown of expression of GhPIP2 genes in cotton by RNA interference markedly hindered fibre elongation.

In conclusion, GhPIP2 proteins are the primary aquaporin isoforms in fibres. They selectively form hetero‐oligomers in order to regulate their activities to meet the requirements for rapid fibre elongation.
Application of combined omics platforms to accelerate biomedical discovery in diabesity
Authors: Kurland Irwin J. , Accili Domenico , Burant Charles , Fischer Steven M. , Kahn Barbara B. , Newgard Christopher B. , Ramagiri Suma , Ronnett Gabriele V. , Ryals John A. , Sanders Mark , Shambaugh Joe , Shockcor John , Gross Steven S.
Published: May 2013

Diabesity has become a popular term to describe the specific form of diabetes that develops late in life and is associated with obesity. While there is a correlation between diabetes and obesity, the association is not universally predictive. Defining the metabolic characteristics of obesity that lead to diabetes, and how obese individuals who develop diabetes different from those who do not, are important goals. The use of large‐scale omics analyses (e.g., metabolomic, proteomic, transcriptomic, and lipidomic) of diabetes and obesity may help to identify new targets to treat these conditions. This report discusses how various types of omics data can be integrated to shed light on the changes in metabolism that occur in obesity and diabetes.
Development of everolimus, a novel oral mTOR inhibitor, across a spectrum of diseases
Authors: Lebwohl David , Anak Özlem , Sahmoud Tarek , Klimovsky Judith , Elmroth Ingrid , Haas Tomas , Posluszny Joseph , Saletan Stephen , Berg William
Published: May 2013

Everolimus is a potent, oral inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) that has been investigated in multiple clinical development programs since 1996. A unique collaboration between academic and pharmaceutical experts fostered research that progressed rapidly, with simultaneous indication findings across numerous tumor types. Initially developed for the prophylaxis of organ transplant rejection, everolimus has demonstrated efficacy and safety for the treatment of patients with various types of cancer (renal cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors of pancreatic origin, and breast cancer) and for adult and pediatric patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. The FDA approval of everolimus for these diseases has addressed several unmet medical needs and is widely accepted by the medical community where treatment options may be limited. An extensive clinical development program is ongoing to establish the role of everolimus as monotherapy, or in combination with other agents, in the treatment of a broad spectrum of malignancies.
Early maxillary surgical ciliated cyst after Le Fort I untreated for 20 years
Authors: Moe J.S. , Magliocca K.R. , Steed M.B.
Published: May 2013

The surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla (SCCM) is a rare, delayed complication of surgical intervention in the maxilla sinus. It can present several years following surgery, and has been postulated to arise from implantation of the respiratory epithelium during the surgical procedure. In this article, we report the case of a patient with SCCM who presented 20 years following Le Fort I surgery. Previous radiographs showed evidence of a right maxillary cystic lesion as early as 2 years following surgery. We describe the clinical, radiographic and histolopathologic presentation of the entity as well as the surgical management. This case demonstrates maxillary surgical ciliated cyst development with a relatively short latency period and underscores the paucity in understanding of the aetiology, pathophysiology and growth kinetics of this lesion.
Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla after maxillary sinus surgery: a case report
Authors: Fernandes K.S. , Gallottini M.H.C. , Felix V.B. , Santos P.S.S. , Nunes F.D.
Published: May 2013

The surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla is a rare lesion and appears as a delayed complication after surgery in the maxillary sinus, midface osteotomies, traumatic tooth extraction and maxillary fractures. This lesion has a high incidence in Japan and is detected in up to 20% of patients who have undergone a radical operation on the maxillary sinus, but it is quite rare in Western countries. We report a case that occurred 15 years after a maxillary sinus surgery in a Caucasian man. A well‐defined unilocular radiolucency in the right posterior maxilla was noted radiographically. The lesion was completely excised, and upon histological examination, findings were consistent with surgical ciliated cyst. This lesion may present histologically different epithelial linings, but respiratory epithelium was the most frequent. Enucleation is the treatment of choice.
Does C1 Fracture Displacement Correlate with Transverse Ligament Integrity?
Authors: Radcliff Kristen E , Sonagli Marcos A , Rodrigues Luciano M , Sidhu Gursukhman S , Albert Todd J , Vaccaro Alexander R
Published: May 2013

Objective

The Rule of Spence states that displacement of the C1 lateral masses by >6.9–8.1 mm suggests loss of transverse ligament integrity. The purpose of this study was to establish the thresholds of C1 displacement on CT scans that correspond to transverse ligament disruption.

Methods

Over four years, consecutive patients with acute C1 fractures with at least three fracture lines were analyzed. CT measurements and MRI were assessed by blinded observers for bony displacement in the axial (internal and external lateral mass separation), coronal and sagittal planes and transverse ligament integrity.

Results

Eighteen patients were studied. Mean CT bony measurements were as follows: internal border lateral mass separation (ILM) 23.3 ± 3.4 mm, external border lateral mass separation (ELM) 50.3 ± 4.3 mm, total C1 lateral mass overhang over the C2 superior process (LMO) 5.4 ± 1.3 mm. Twelve patients were identified as having intact transverse ligament and six had transverse ligament disruption. There was no difference in mean normalized ILM, ELM, or LMO between patients with or without transverse ligament integrity (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

There was no correlation between bony displacement and transverse ligament integrity. CT scans post‐injury may not show the position of maximal displacement. If there is clinical concern about a possible transverse ligament injury, MRI should be performed.
Digital Three‐Dimensional Model of Lumbar Region 4–5 and its Adjacent Structures Based on a Virtual Chinese Human
Authors: Yang Bo , Fang Shi‐bing , Li Chang‐shu , Yin Biao , Wang Le , Wan Sheng‐yu , Xie Jing‐kai , Ding Qiang , Tang Lei , Zhong Shi‐zhen
Published: May 2013

Objective

To study the methods for constructing a digitized three‐dimensional (3D) model of a virtual lumbar region and its adjacent structures in order to assist anatomical study and virtual surgery.

Methods

Images of DSCF5375‐p1 to DSCF5745‐p1 were taken from the database of the digitized Virtual Chinese human of Southern Medical University in Guangzhou. This region encompasses the superior facet joint of L4 to the inferior edge of the intervertebral body of L5. The regions of interest were interactively segmented from the images utilizing Adobe Photoshop software. The images were further processed using format conversion and segmentation. Finally, a 3D model of the L4–5 region and its neighboring structures was reconstructed with the assistance of Mimics 10.01 software.

Results

A digitized 3D model of this part of the virtual lumbar spine and its adjacent structures was reconstructed. This model allows all constructed structures to be displayed individually or jointly, moved or rotated arbitrarily, setting of different transparencies and convenient measurement of the diameters and angles of the reconstructed structures. The 3D model precisely displays the anatomical relationships between all structures and provides a reliable 3D model for a spinal endoscopic surgery simulation system.

Conclusion

Visualization of the digitized 3D reconstruction of the virtual lower lumbar region displays this region and its adjacent structures stereoscopically and in actuality, thus providing morphological data concerning anatomy, image diagnosis and virtual operations in this region.
Single Vertebra Tuberculosis Presenting with Solitary Localized Osteolytic Lesion in Young Adult Lumbar Spines
Authors: Zhen Ping , Li Xu‐sheng , Lu Hao
Published: May 2013

Objective

To describe the clinical and imaging findings in young adults with single vertebra tuberculosis presenting with solitary osteolytic lesions.

Methods

Six patients with proven tuberculosis of a single vertebra of the lumbar spine presenting with solitary osteolytic lesion were retrospectively evaluated. There were four male and two female patients with a mean age of 27.6 years (range, 22–38 years). The clinical and imaging features (plain radiographs, CT and MRI) were studied in all six patients.

Results

Involvement occurred from L1 to L5 vertebral levels. The patients presented with local back pain and tenderness but without any obvious deformity of spine or cold abscess. In each case, imaging demonstrated a well‐defined, solitary, lytic lesion of average diameter 1.6 cm with thin sclerotic margins within a vertebral body. There were no fragments within the lesions and no paravertebral soft tissue extension around the affected vertebral bodies. The tuberculous eitology was confirmed by CT‐guided biopsy in two patients and by curettage of the lesion in four.

Conclusion

Tuberculosis affecting a single vertebral body presenting with a localized solitary osteolytic lesion is an unusual form of single vertebra tuberculosis. MRI combined with CT scan of the vertebral body can be very helpful for precisely defining the location of the lesion and extent of osseous destruction. Such small, solitary, osteolytic lesions are often confused with other single vertebra diseases that can have similar appearances on imaging.
Comparison of Functional Performance after Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Rotating Platform and Fixed‐bearing Prostheses with or without Patellar Resurfacing
Authors: Chen Liao‐bin , Tan Yang , Al‐Aidaros Mohammed , Wang Hua , Wang Xin , Cai Shu‐han
Published: May 2013

Objective

To retrospectively compare the functional performances of rotating platform and fixed‐bearing total knee arthroplasties with or without patellar resurfacing.

Methods

One hundred and ninety‐seven patients (205 knees) of mean age 66.4 years were randomly assigned to receive different prostheses. One hundred ninety‐five patients, including 97 fixed‐bearing prostheses with 37 patellae resurfaced and 106 rotating platform prostheses with 76 patellae resurfaced, were followed up for a mean duration of 32 months.

Results

Outcomes in the rotating platform with patellar resurfacing and fixed‐bearing with patellar resurfacing groups did not differ significantly according to Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores and flexion and extension angles. For total knee arthroplasties without patellar resurfacing, there were no significant differences in HSS score and flexion angle between the rotating platform and fixed‐bearing subgroups. Although the extension angle of rotating platform prostheses was slightly better than that of the fixed‐bearing in the patellar non‐resurfacing group, this difference was not clinically significant.

Conclusions

Rotating platform and fixed‐bearing prostheses have similar overall postoperative outcomes with regard to postoperative HSS scores and extension and flexion angles. Rotating platform prostheses are not superior to fixed bearing prostheses.
The Effects of Exercise Therapy for the Improvement of Jaw Movement and Psychological Intervention to Reduce Parafunctional Activities on Chronic Pain in the Craniocervical Region
Authors: Makino Izumi , Arai Young‐Chang P. , Aono Shuichi , Hayashi Kazuhiro , Morimoto Atsuko , Nishihara Makoto , Ikemoto Tatsunori , Inoue Shinsuke , Mizutani Miyuki , Matsubara Takako , Ushida Takahiro
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Apparent organic abnormalities are sometimes not identified among patients suffering from chronic pain in the craniocervical region. In some cases, parafunctional activities (PAs) are recognized. PAs are nonfunctional oromandibular activities that include jaw clenching and bruxism, but are considered as factors that contribute to craniomandibular disorders (CMDs). It is now recognized that PAs and CMDs influence musculoskeletal conditions of the upper quarter. Exercise therapy (ET) to improve jaw movement and psychological intervention (PI) to reduce PAs are useful for PAs and CMDs. We hypothesized that ET and PI would be effective for craniocervical pain without organic abnormalities.

Methods

Thirty‐nine subjects suffering from craniocervical chronic pain were allocated into 3 groups: The control group received only pharmacological treatment; the ET group received jaw movement exercise (JME); and the ET‐PI group received JME and PI. Pain and jaw movement were evaluated using a numerical rating scale (NRS).

Results

After interventions, the NRS scores were significantly lower in the ET‐PI group, compared with those in the other groups. Jaw movement improved 100% in the ET group, 92% in the ET‐PI group, and 0% in the control group.

Conclusion

A combination of jaw exercise and psychological intervention to reduce parafunctional activities is more effective than jaw exercise alone for the improvement of craniocervical pain without apparent organic abnormalities.
The Dynamic Relationships of Work Affect and Job Satisfaction with Perceptions of Fit
Authors: Gabriel Allison S. , Diefendorff James M. , Chandler Megan M. , Moran Christina M. , Greguras Gary J.
Published: May 2013

This study assessed the longitudinal relationship between perceived fit (i.e., person–organization fit, person–job fit) and affect‐based variables (i.e., job satisfaction, negative affect, positive affect) using momentary (i.e., within‐person level) and stable (i.e., between‐person level) assessments of both sets of variables. In doing so, we tested 3 theoretical models of the perceived fit and work affect relationship (i.e., fit preceding affect; affect preceding fit; reciprocal fit–affect relations) to determine (a) the antecedents and consequences of fit perceptions, (b) whether fit perceptions exhibit meaningful within‐person variability, and (c) if direct fit perceptions are simply the result of affect/job satisfaction at work or can influence such work experiences. In addition, we examined whether the relationships between affect/job satisfaction and fit perceptions were homologous (i.e., similar) across the 2 levels of analysis (i.e., within‐person and between‐person). Results indicated that fit primarily preceded affect and job satisfaction at both levels of analysis, though some specific relationships exhibited reciprocal causality and others supported affect as an antecedent of fit perceptions. Our findings paint a complex picture of the causal relationship between perceived fit and work affect.
Recruiting Global Travelers: The Role of Global Travel Recruitment Messages and Individual Differences in Perceived Fit, Attraction, and Job Pursuit Intentions
Authors: Phillips Jean M. , Gully Stanley M. , McCarthy John E. , Castellano William G. , Kim Mee Sook
Published: May 2013

Organizations often require managers to travel globally to fill international roles. Attending to fit with an organization's need for international mobility and global openness during recruiting could increase the proportion of effective global managers in an organization's applicant pool. We use recruitment research and theory to develop and test a conditional process model of the relationship between recruitment messages and job seeker perceived fit, attraction, and job pursuit intentions, depending on job seekers’ global openness and willingness to travel globally. Recruitment messages include information about a job's travel requirements and the global presence of the business. Two studies were undertaken to test our hypotheses. Analyses were conducted with conditional process modeling using nonlinear bootstrapping. Study 1, involving 230 job seekers, found that applicants’ willingness to travel interacted with recruiting messages about a job's global travel requirements to relate to job pursuit intentions through perceived job fit and job attraction. Study 2, involving 260 participants recruited through Mechanical Turk, indicated that global openness interacted with a global recruitment message, and willingness to travel interacted with a travel recruitment message, to relate to job pursuit intentions through job and organizational dimensions of perceived fit and attraction.
Driving it Home: How Workplace Emotional Labor Harms Employee Home Life
Authors: Wagner David T. , Barnes Christopher M. , Scott Brent A.
Published: May 2013

To date, the majority of research on emotional labor has focused on outcomes that occur in the workplace. However, research has yet to consider the possibility that the daily effects of emotional labor spill over to life outside of work, even though a large body of literature examining the spillover from work life to home life indicates that work experiences influence employees after they leave the workplace. Accordingly, we examined the influence of day‐to‐day surface acting on 3 types of theoretically derived stress outcomes experienced at home: emotional exhaustion, work‐to‐family conflict, and insomnia. In an experience sampling field study of 78 bus drivers, we found that daily surface acting was connected to increases in each of the outcomes noted above. Moreover, surface acting had an indirect effect on emotional exhaustion and insomnia via state anxiety.
Frost promotes the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa plants
Authors: Ferrante P. , Scortichini M.
Published: May 2013

Frost occurs in all major areas of cultivation, presenting a threat for the production of kiwifruit crops worldwide. A series of experiments were performed on 1‐year‐old, potted plants or excised twigs of Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa to verify whether strict relationships exist between bacterial canker outbreaks from Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) attacks and the occurrence of autumn and winter frost events. The association between the occurrence of autumn frost and the sudden outbreak of bacterial canker in A. chinensis in central Italy has been confirmed. Both autumn and winter frosts promote Psa multiplication in the inoculated twigs of both species. The day after the frost, reddish exudates oozing from the inoculation sites were consistently observed in both species, and Psa was re‐isolated in some cases. During the thawing of both A. deliciosa and A. chinensis twigs, the 2‐cm upward and downward migration of Psa from the inoculation site was observed within 3 min, and the leaves were consistently colonized with the pathogen. A consistent brown discoloration, accompanied with a sour‐sap odour, was observed throughout the length of the excised twigs of both Actinidia species after Psa inoculation and winter frost. Psa inoculation induced a remarkably higher necrosis in excised twigs that were not frozen compared with P. s. pv. syringae inoculation. Antifreeze protection using irrigation sprinklers did not influence the short‐term period of Psa and P. s. pv. syringae multiplication in both A. deliciosa and A. chinensis twigs. Thus, the damage from frost, freeze thawing and the accumulation of Psa in Actinidia twigs promotes the migration of the pathogen within and between the orchards. Taken together, the results obtained in this study confirmed that A. deliciosa is more frost tolerant than A. chinensis, autumn frosts are more dangerous to these crops than winter frosts, and in the absence of Psa, young kiwifruit plants remain sensitive to frost.
First record of the genus Dudresnaya (Dumontiaceae, Rhodophyta) in New Zealand waters
Authors: D'Archino Roberta , Sutherland Judith E.
Published: May 2013

The genus Dudresnaya is reported for the first time in New Zealand waters. Samples were collected in Bay of Islands, northern New Zealand, on rhodolith beds and at the edge of a rocky reef, between −5 and −10 m depth. The species was identified by morphological and anatomical characters as Dudresnaya capricornica and its identity was confirmed by molecular sequence data. This species is characterized by terete radial branches, outer cortical cells cylindrical, presence of hexagonal crystals, lack of annulation and mucilage coat on auxiliary cell branches, oblique division of carpogonium and cystocarps no cleft. The rbcL phylogenetic analysis showed the genus Dudresnaya is strongly supported and sister to taxa in the family Dumontiaceae. This family is also closely related to the families Rhizophillidaceae and Kallymeniaceae. This is the first record of the family Dumontiaceae in New Zealand.
Cardiac defense in response to imminent threat in women with multiple trauma and severe PTSD
Authors: Schalinski I. , Elbert T. R. , Schauer M.
Published: May 2013

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) arises as a long‐term result of exposure to trauma and brings with it an altered autonomic response to potentially threatening stimuli. The present study investigates the dynamic sequence of cardiac defense in women with and without PTSD. An acoustic noise of 0.5‐s duration and 105 dB was used to elicit the cardiac defense reaction. The stimulus was repeated three times. Within the PTSD sample, respondents who suffered from more severe PTSD showed a higher heart rate at rest, a higher baseline, and a greater response. Compared to the healthy subjects, the PTSD group showed an elevated heart rate from 6 s to 25 s following the presentation of the first stimulus. There was evidence of habituation in the PTSD group and hints of differential effects on the cardiac defense of traumatic experiences with a high proximity of danger.
Self‐report and behavioral measures of reward sensitivity predict the feedback negativity
Authors: Bress Jennifer N. , Hajcak Greg
Published: May 2013

Rewards are integral to learning associations that aid in survival. The feedback negativity (FN), an event‐related potential that differentiates outcomes indicating monetary losses versus gains, has recently emerged as a possible neural measure of reward processing. If this view is correct, then the FN should correlate with measures of reward sensitivity in other domains, although few studies have investigated this question. In the current study, 46 participants completed a self‐report measure of reward responsiveness, a signal detection task that generated a behavioral measure of reward sensitivity, and a gambling task that elicited an FN. Consistent with the view that the FN reflects reward‐related neural activity, a larger FN correlated with increased behavioral and self‐report measures of sensitivity to reward.
Does Performance Management Lead to Better Outcomes? Evidence from the U.S. Public Transit Industry
Authors: Poister Theodore H. , Pasha Obed Q. , Edwards Lauren Hamilton
Published: May 2013

Although performance management processes are widely assumed to be beneficial in improving organizational performance in the public sector, there is insufficient empirical evidence to back this claim. In this article, the authors examine the impact of performance management practices on organizational effectiveness in a particular segment of the public transit industry in the United States. The analysis utilizes original survey data on performance management practices comprising both strategy formulation and performance measurement in 88 small and medium‐sized local transit agencies in conjunction with comparative outcome data drawn from the National Transit Database maintained by the Federal Transit Administration. The results provide evidence that more extensive use of performance management practices does in fact contribute to increased effectiveness in this segment of the transit industry.
Clinical Features, STAT3 Gene Mutations and Th17 Cell Analysis in Nine Children with Hyper‐IgE Syndrome in Mainland China
Authors: Zhang L.‐Y. , Tian W. , Shu L. , Jiang L.‐P. , Zhan Y.‐Z. , Liu W. , Zhao X.‐D. , Cui Y.‐X. , Tang X.‐M. , Wang M. , Wu D.‐Q. , Yang X.‐Q.
Published: May 2013

Hyper‐IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by eczema, recurrent staphylococcal aureus skin abscesses, pneumonia with pneumatocele formation, remarkably high serum IgE levels, eosinophilia and involvement of skeleton and connective tissues. Heterozygous signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mutations were shown to be the cause of autosomal dominant HIES (AD‐HIES). In this study, we diagnosed nine patients with HIES from 9 unrelated families on the basis of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) score of ≥40 points, sequenced the STAT3 gene of all nine patients, and quantified Th17 cells in peripheral blood of seven patients by flow cytometry in mainland China. All nine patients had characteristic manifestation of HIES with the range of NIH scores 45–77 points. STAT3 hot mutations V637M or R382W/Q were identified in five patients. We identified two novel heterozygous missense mutations (T620S and R609G) located in Src homology 2 (SH2) domain in two patients, respectively. In two other patients, no STAT3 mutations were found. Quantified Th17 cell numbers were markedly decreased or absent (0–0.28% of CD4+T cells) in six patients with STAT3 mutations and almost normal (0.53% of CD4+T cells) in one wild‐type STAT3 patient compared with healthy controls (0.40–2.25% of CD4+T cells). These results suggest that not all patients with HIES who had NIH scores over 40 points carry STAT3 mutations, those whose Th17 cell numbers strikingly decreased probably had AD‐HIES with STAT3 mutations.
γδ T Cell Receptor Deficiency Attenuated Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy and Promoted Regulatory T cell Expansion
Authors: Zhu H. , Li J. , Wang S. , Liu K. , Wang L. , Huang L.
Published: May 2013

γδ T cell comprises about 5% of the overall T cell population, and they differ from conventional αβ T cells. Previous studies have indicated the contribution of γδ T cell to acute allograft rejection, but the role of γδ T cell in cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is not investigated. Hearts of adult B6.C‐H‐2bm12KhEg were heterotopically transplanted into major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II‐mismatched C57BL/6 mice (wild‐type, γδ TCR−/−), which is an established murine model of chronic allograft rejection without immunosuppression. The survival of grafts was monitored daily by abdominal palpation until the complete cessation of cardiac contractility. Our current study demonstrated that γδ T cell receptor (TCR) deficiency significantly attenuated CAV, and this effect coincides with low expression of Hmgb1, IFN‐γ and IL‐17 while increased number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and depletion of regulatory T cells abrogated the prolonged allograft survival induced by γδ TCR deficiency. γδ TCR deficiency resulted in attenuated CAV and prolonged graft survival in murine models of cardiac transplantation, and this effect was associated with enhanced expansion of regulatory T cells.
Origin Effects, Spatial Dynamics and Redistribution ofFDI InGuangdong,China
Authors: Xu Zhihua , Yeh Anthony
Published: May 2013

Based on panel regression analysis and interviews of 70 foreign‐invested enterprises (FIEs) in 2009, this paper compares the spatial dynamics and redistribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) fromHongKong,Taiwan,Japan and theUSinGuangdong province. We found thatFDIinGuangdong tends to favour cities closer toHongKong, with lower wage rates, better market potential and more preferential policies, and to follow the agglomeration ofFDIfrom the same origin. The diverse home‐based characteristics have resulted into the varied pathways of spatial redistribution ofFDI.HongKongFIEshave been searching for lower‐cost regions given the rise of production cost and tightened environmental regulation. In contrast, the redistribution ofFIEsfromJapan andTaiwan are more sensitive to their home‐based business linkages, whereas Japanese and theUS FIEstend to value access to domestic market and to expand in large cities outsideGuangdong.
Housing Projects for Low‐Income Groups and Modes of Economic Integration: A Comparative Study in Greater Cairo
Authors: Abouelmagd Doaa , Kesteloot Christian , Corijn Eric
Published: May 2013

The housing of low‐income groups in Greater Cairo has always been difficult. However, the general shortage in housing supply is contrasting with the low occupancy rate of newly constructed public housing units. In contrast, despite their bad living conditions, informal settlements have a high occupancy rate. In order to analyse the reasons behind this contradiction, the paper compares four neighbourhoods ranging from formal and semi‐informal to informal housing production and including one rehabilitation project. The livelihood conditions in each settlement are unravelled with the concept of modes of economic integration from Polanyi. For this purpose, semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed with correspondence analysis. The findings indicate a preference among low‐income groups for informal settlements because of three reasons: the advantages of geographical location, the nature of social networks and the strength of private redistribution systems, thus enabling an easier access to means of existence. The results and recommendations are further discussed in the paper.
Talent Acquisition in the IT Industry in Bangalore: A Multi‐Level Study
Authors: van Riemsdijk Micheline
Published: May 2013

Multinational corporations have established research and development centres in India to take advantage of low‐cost labour and sophisticated science and technology facilities. India is becoming a global competitor in innovation, and its knowledge‐intensive firms increasingly need skilled workers. This article investigates talent acquisition in the information technology (IT) industry in Bangalore, also known as India's Silicon Valley. In particular, the paper studies the local supply and demand of human capital, which is critical for innovation and competition in the global knowledge economy. The author argues for a multi‐level study to better understand labour needs in emerging economies. In conclusion, the article addresses local and national institutional obstacles to talent acquisition and discusses future labour challenges in India's IT industry.
The Impact of Urban Sprawl on Social Segregation in Beijing and a Limited Role for Spatial Planning
Authors: Zhao Pengjun
Published: May 2013

Exploring the links between urban sprawl and social segregation is an important theme in urban research. Although many studies are available, conclusions are still mixed. This paper contributes to our existing understanding of the impact of sprawl on social segregation, looking at the case of Beijing. The results of the analysis show that sprawling development, characterised by scattered gated communities, low‐density luxury villas, informal development and uneven distributions of public services and transport infrastructures in the peri‐urban regions, have increased residential segregation between low‐income and high‐income residents and between local residents and migrants. Planning policies designed to control urban sprawl and encourage a compact city could have a positive role in reducing social segregation. However, the role of spatial planning is limited as there are still other institutional factors influencing social segregation in China's cities, two of the most relevant here being the remaining hukou system and dual land system.