bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of cow’s and goat’s milk in the technology of cottage cheese and cheese
Authors: Pastukh O.N. , Zhukova E.V.
Published: July 2021

The novelty of the study was that a comparative assessment of cow’s and goat’s milk was provided in the work - raw materials and finished products, cottage cheese and white cheese (brynza), developed on the basis of these types of milk. The article presents data on the physical and chemical parameters of cow’s and goat’s milk, data on the technological properties of cow’s and goat’s milk on the example of the production of white cheese cottage. From cow’s and goat’s milk, cottage cheese was produced by acidic and acid–rennet methods and white cheeses were produced with the help of rennet enzyme. As a result of the conducted research, it can be concluded that it is effective to produce cottage cheese and white cheese from goat’s milk, because they have high organoleptic and physical-chemical parameters.
Histological assessment of the quality of groundmeat semi-finished products
Authors: Chugunova Elena
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the problem of quality of pork and beef groundmeat semi-finished products of A category. The research was conducted in the city of Perm in 2021. The study used organoleptic and histological research methods. The organoleptic analysis showed full compliance of the tested products with the requirements of regulatory documents. As a result of histological research, violations of GOST 32951-2014 requirements were recorded: in a number of samples, the mass fraction of skeletal muscles was in the ratio of 1:1 with adipose tissue. Most of the samples (85 %) included the presence of connective and cartilaginous tissues. The biological hazard of the tested samples of meat products was established – 100% contamination by parasites of the genus Sarcocystis spp was noted. The number of sarcocysts in the samples studied by us varied from 3 units in the preparation to 4 units in the field of view.
The main directions of effective management and development of the beekeeping industry
Authors: Djurabaev O.D. , Rashidov J.Kh.
Published: July 2021

In the context of market economy risks, the main factor for the success of each branch of agriculture, including beekeeping, can be called the presence of effective management activities, which can be improved in accordance with changes in the external and internal market conjuncture, with the objective requirements of the production and sale of products. This article is the result of scientific research in the field of studying and improving the management system of the beekeeping industry. It is important to note that in the work, using the method of correlation-regression analysis, a model was compiled that allows one to determine the dependence of the profit received from the sale of honey on the most significant cost areas. Also, the work carried out a factor analysis of the change in the volume of honey and calculated the productivity of bee colonies in agricultural organizations of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Diagnostic effectiveness of serological tests for the detection of brucellosis antibodies
Authors: Kasymov E.I. , Otarbayev B.K. , Ilgekbayeva G.D. , Galymzhan I.N. , Kydyrkhanov T.M.
Published: July 2021

The article reflects the results of testing various diagnostic tests (ST, RA, CFT, BRT, IHA and ELISA) in the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle, where animals are subjected to serological tests without the use of a vaccine. Antibodies against brucellosis were detected in diagnostic titer in ST in 100% and in ELISA in 96% of cases. The difference between the rates of these reactions was statistically insignificant (P> 0.1). ICA is significantly inferior to these two tests. This difference turned out to be significant, that is, significant (P <0.01). The lowest rates are set for RA, RBT and CFT. For the diagnosis of brucellosis, of all the tests tested, ST and ELISA turned out to be the most sensitive, and of these two tests, the most accessible for practice is ST.
The influence of microclimate on the calves' bodies in the bioclimatic conditions of the Caspian lowlands in Dagestan
Authors: Mayorova Tatyana , Musiev Jabrail , Gunashev Shakhrudin , Abduragimova Raisa , Bariev Yusup
Published: July 2021

The aim of our research was to study the microclimate's influence on some clinical and physiological parameters of calves in the conditions of livestock complexes of the Republic of Dagestan. Research methods: veterinary, zootechnical, logical, systemic. The results of the study of calf pen microclimate parameters showed the range of fluctuations: temperature 6,5-22,5 0 C, humidity 74.2 -98.1%, air velocity 0.25- 0.40m/s, carbon dioxide concentration 0.4 -0.2% and ammonia 2-6 mg/m3. The study results of the clinical and physiological calves’ state showed changes in body temperature from 38.0 to 39.3 0C, pulse rate from 65 to 71 beats per minute, respiratory frequency movements from 22 to 26 per minute. The results of hematological studies has shown that the studied indicators had a range of fluctuations: hemoglobin 8.6 - 9.4 g%, erythrocytes 7.1-7,9, leukocytes 7.2-8.9 th./mm3. Conclusions. The study results of the calf pen microclimate showed that it complied with zoohygienic norms. The relative humidity and air velocity indicators exceeded the permissible zoohygienic standards. Indicators of calves’ physiological condition corresponded to the norms of a healthy animal. Hematological and biochemical blood indicators of calves were within the physiological norm.
Rumen bacterial community, indicators of reproduction and milk productivity at different levels of protein concentrate in the diets of dairy cows
Authors: Buryakov Nikolay , Laptev Georgi , Buryakova Mariya , Ilina Larisa , Aleshin Dmitry
Published: July 2021

The use of new sources of by-pass protein in the cow diets to optimize milk production and herd reproduction performance indicators in modern economic conditions is relevant. The article presents data on the use of a protein concentrate containing plant and animal components and its effect on the quality of the milk obtained, the state of the rumen bacterial community and reproduction indicators. The use of protein concentrate of both 1.0 kg and 1.5 kg/head/day contributed to improving the quality and increasing the yield of dry matter of cow's milk by 0.17-0.43 %. During the days in milk, with the use of protein concentrate it was observed that increase the content of Selenomonas by 1.7 % and 4.1%, which cleave the urea, indicates a more efficient use of nitrogen in the diet. The inclusion of protein concentrate in the composition of daily diets helps to improve reproduction indicators, reduce the duration of the service period and the number of semen doses spent.
Creating modern competitive hybrids tomato for greenhouse plants of small-volume hydroponics
Authors: Karpukhin M. Yu. , Ignatova S.I. , Motov V.M. , Kuimova V.A. , Voloshyn V.M.
Published: July 2021

Study was carried out for new heterotic tomato hybrids at a modern greenhouse complex JSC “Teplichnoye” in 2016-2018, which located in the village of Sadovy, urban okryga Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Sverdlovsk region. Hybrids were included in the experimental scheme 901, 950, 951, 1001, 12000, 12002, 12283, 12294, 12898, 12899, it was selected Holland-select “Romano” hybrid as a control for the study. Plants were studied in extended circulation of winter greenhouses in small-volume hydroponics. It was found that in the newly studied hybrids 901, 950, 951, and 12283, flowering and fruiting occurred a week earlier in comparison with the control and other variants. The most productive were hybrids 951, 901, 12283, 12899, the yields of which exceeded the control 10.5-29.2 kg. The most productive hybrid 951-78.6 kg / m2. Due to the high individual yield, the level of profitability of the above hybrids was the highest, therefore hybrids 901, 951, 12283, 12899 can be recommended for cultivation in extended circulation of winter greenhouses of small-volume technology.
Analysis of the usefulness of the mineral composition of diets and the effectiveness of the use of mineral and vitamin supplements in the diets of cows of different technological groups
Authors: Ulivanova Galina , Fedosova Olga , Karelina Olga , Kulakov Vitaly , Saitkhanov Elman
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the usefulness of the mineral composition of diets and the effectiveness of the use of mineral and vitamin supplements in feeding cows of different technological groups. The analysis showed that the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the diets was close to the norm. Extremely high concentrations of elements such as magnesium, potassium and sodium were noted with an obvious lack of chlorine and sulfur. The cation-anion balance was positive: the range of indicators ranged from 14.98 to 23.49 and a tendency to increase this indicator by the end of lactation was revealed. The ratio of calcium and phosphorus, as well as potassium and sodium did not exceed the established norms. For most of the trace elements, the excess of the recommended norms was determined, which can be justified due to the low digestibility of trace elements in the body of cows.
Inhibitory effect of plant metabolites of Nigella sativa on conditionally pathogenic microflora of productive animals
Authors: Krivonogova Anna , Isaeva Albina , Poryvaeva Antonina , Chentsova Anastasia , Sharavyev Pavel
Published: July 2021

Objective: The effectiveness of a phytobiotic based on active metabolites of Nigella sativa L. against typical microorganisms of opportunistic microbiocenosis of the mucous membranes of highly productive cows was studied. Initially, the inhibitory activity of the phytobiotic was studied on cultures of wild multi-antibiotic-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolated on a commercial dairy farm. It was found that the phytobiotic had the ability to inhibit the growth of isolates on the nutrient medium, but the severity of the inhibitory effect varied notably. At the second stage, an experiment was conducted with the local application of phytobiotics on cows that had inflammatory complications of the postpartum period. The results of the experiment showed a pronounced inhibitory effect of the phytobiotic on S. aureus, Str. uberis, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, C. albicans, and P. mirabilis. There was an involution of inflammatory symptoms and normalization of the clinical and microbiological state of the mucous membrane after the use of a phytobiotic preparation.
The usefulness of sulfur fertilizers for balanced nutrition of spring wheat on zonal soils of the south-western Forest steppe zone
Authors: Levshakov L.V.
Published: July 2021

The importance of sulfur for a balanced nutrition of grain crops is demonstrated. The content of mobile forms of sulfur in the main zonal soils of the Kursk region – black soil and gray forest soils is given. Gray wooded soils have a low content of mobile sulfur in most areas of the region. The availability of sulfur in black soil ranges from low to medium. Practical studies on the effectiveness of different types and forms of using sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring wheat on zonal types of soils in the south-western forest steppe of the Central Black Earth Region have been performed. Research has found that the practicability of using sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers and their agronomic effectiveness is directly associated with the content of available forms of sulfur in the arable layer of the soil. It is most effective and reasonable to use sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring wheat on gray wooded soils. The practical data obtained prove the urgency of the use of sulfur-containing fertilizers in technologies for the cultivation of grain crops on soils with inadequate content of available forms of sulfur.
Water supply intensity during drip irrigation of vegetable crops
Authors: Kurbanov S.A. , Dzhambulatov M.M. , Borodychev V.V. , Magomedova D.S.
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the materials of field research on the study of the regularities of the development of moisture outlines on light soils during drip irrigation of vegetable crops. The correlation is found between the depth of the moistened layer and the area of the moistening outlines on the pre-irrigation threshold of the moisture content of the active soil layer, irrigation standards and the flow rate of drippers, which gives an opportunity to decline the unproductive water consumption for filtration. It is found that in light loamy and sandy loam light chestnut soils, for guaranteed rule of the moisture regime, on onion crops, it is essential to maintain the pre-irrigation threshold of 80% HB with the irrigation rate of 200 m3 / ha with the flow rate of drip water outlets of 2.8 l / h, and the depth of irrigation of 120 m3/ha with the flow rate of discharge outlets of 1.7 l/h, correspondingly. In irrigation of tomatoes grown on light-loamy light-chestnut soils, it is appropriate to apply the irrigation rate of 180 m3 / ha, which provides the level of pre-irrigation humidity in the layer of 0.6 m not lower than 80% HB, the formation of the required characteristics of the moisture contour (depth of 0.62 m and diameter of 0.37 m), as well as an enhance in the efficiency of irrigation water use by 11.1%. The results can be applied in the design of drip irrigation systems for vegetable crops.
Biopower transformation and the challenge of safe agricultural production (socio-philosophical and political-economic aspects)
Authors: Shilovtsev A.V. , Stozhko K.P. , Stozhko D.K. , Aleksandrov A.G. , Lopez Garcia JoseLuis
Published: July 2021

paper analyzes the character of modern biopower from the socio-philosophical and political-economic viewpoints in the scope of the society’s transition to a new technological wave and the necessity of ensuring the secure existence of people. Using argicultural production as an example, the main trends and peculiarities of such transformation, the issues arising in this regard, and the ways to solve them are shown. Their impact on the existential crisis of personality developing in the modern “risk society” is also significant. The authors try to identify the prospects for the development of biopower and modern biopolitics in the scope of the new social reality, growing macroeconomic uncertainty, and risks.
The role of colostral immunity in the effectiveness of serological detection of BLV
Authors: Petropavlovskiy M.V. , Lysov A.V. , Bezborodova N.A.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of our research was to study the influence of newborn calves colostral antibodies on the efficiency of bovine leukemia virus detection by serological methods. The research was conducted on the basis of agricultural organizations within the territory of the Ural Federal District (Chelyabinsk region). We undertook comprehensive diagnostic studies of calves fed with milk from seropositive and seronegative animals using polymerase chain reaction, ELISA test, and immunodiffusion test. Experimentally it was found that feeding calves with milk from seropositive and seronegative cows led to colostral immunoglobulins persistence for up to 3-3.5 months, in most of the animals, which may be associated with the end of suckling period in calves. At the same time, serological screening of animals during this period is difficult due to the influence of a high concentration of colostral antibodies. The obtained results of laboratory studies indicate the efficiency of PCR diagnostics in detecting a specific locus of the calf leukemia virus in animals at the early stages of the infectious process. PCR diagnostics provides an opportunity to early evaluation of calves with a latent course of BLV, excluding the influence of colostral immunity, thereby reducing the recovery time of enterprises from the leukemia virus by 20%.
Scientific support for the innovative development of the economic space of rural territories as an area of natural functioning of the agro-industrial complex elements
Authors: Mirokhina A.A.
Published: July 2021

The article summarizes the results of the analysis of the causes of fragmentation, dissociation, and polarization of the economic space of rural territories, primarily the southern regions of Russia, which are the leading agricultural and industrial regions of the country (Rostov region, Krasnodar Krai and Stavropol Krai), determines the impact of infrastructure deficits, conventionality of farming for the outflow of economically active population to areas with a higher level of competitive advantages, determines the need to align the development of rural territories, primarily through the formation and development of poles of economic growth of the “second order”, which should serve as intermediate links for leveling the discreteness of economic space of agricultural and industrial regions. The author considers a set of innovative measures that contribute to the generation of impulses for the development of rural territory economy and transformation of their economic space towards depolarization and the elimination of “dissociation”, which is the key to increase the economic potential of the agro-industrial complex (its resource, agricultural and raw material, processing and production components), increase of its functioning efficiency, which is especially important for the agricultural and industrial regions of Russian South.
Antitrust regulation as a stimulant innovation processes in the agricultural sector
Authors: Anisimova Marina , Ruchkin Aleksey , Kot Ekaterina , Rakhlis Tatyana
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of formation of favorable competitive environment in the domestic seed market, reducing the dependence of the domestic market on foreign breeding and genetic materials. The aim of the study is to substantiate new requirements for anti-monopoly regulation of intellectual property in agricultural markets to level out risks to competition. Theoretical basis of the study consists of the publications of modern domestic and foreign scientists on the assessment of risks of restricting access to innovative products and technologies for potential competitors, the development of competition at different levels of the food supply chain. The processes of companies' consolidation at the world seed market and control of the market by the players with intellectual property rights to biotechnologies were reflected. The expediency of development of antitrust regulation in the sphere of intellectual property in the domestic seed market through technological transfer of innovative material to Russian companies is shown. Theoretical significance of the conducted study consists in development of some approaches to anti-monopoly regulation in the sphere of intellectual property in the domestic seed market. The practical significance of the study lies in improving the management of innovation process in the agricultural sector.
Development of an information and analytical model of soils based on X-ray fluorescence analysis
Authors: Basarygina E.M. , Pakhomova N.A. , Akulich O.E.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the research was to build information and analytical models of the soil based on the data of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. For the soil of the Chelyabinsk region, on the basis of experimental data, information and analytical models are constructed, showing a complete list of chemical elements and trace elements, the content of which exceeds the permissible concentration. These models, which clearly reflect the content of micro-and macronutrients in the soil, are recommended for use in the development of measures for soil reclamation and the involvement of fallow lands in agricultural turnover.
Inhibitory protection of bearing units of electric motors in animal husbandry
Authors: Butorin V.A. , Saplin L.A. , Molchan A.M. , Lyakhovetskaya L.V. , Tleuova A.A.
Published: July 2021

The electric motor is always part of the agricultural production system, in particular the animal production system. Its purpose is to equip a technological object with energy to ensure the functioning of the production process. The weak link of electric motors used in animal production is the bearing assemblies due to their wear in the corrosive environment of the premises used in this industry. The aim of the work was to assess the effect of inhibitory protection on the reliability of the bearing assemblies of electric motors for the conditions of their operation in animal husbandry. A theoretical resource distribution of bearing assemblies was chosen, approximated by the three-parameter Weibull distribution. For two groups of bearing assemblies, with and without inhibitory protection, bench tests were carried out to simulate the conditions of animal husbandry. The distributions of the initial wear rate of bearings and the difference between the limiting and initial wear rates were obtained. Using the theoretical distribution, the parameters of Weibull distribution were established. Their analysis showed that the use of the inhibitor “Prana” increases the durability of bearings by 15%, which indicates the advisability of using this protection in animal husbandry conditions.
Resource-saving technology of sterilization of grape compote in glass jars 1-82-1000 using multilevel high-temperature mode with heat recovery and its hardware
Authors: Akhmedov M.E. , Rakhmanova M.M. , Demirova A.F. , Abdulkhalikov Z.A. , Daudova T.N.
Published: July 2021

The results of research on the development of a new method of thermal sterilization of canned products with heat recovery and the design of the device for its implementation are presented. The shortcomings of the traditional sterilization regime have been studied and identified, and taking them into account, the regime of multilevel high-temperature thermal sterilization of grape compote in SCO 1-82-1000 glass jars with heat recovery, which provides the required level of industrial sterility and reduces the duration of heat treatment, has been developed. The device for multilevel high-temperature heat treatment has been designed. The developed technology has advantages, being that the product is heated from the entry temperature level to almost 90–93°C with the simultaneous cooling from 100 to 63–65°C carried out by heat exchange between the very glass jars with different temperatures, which appear simultaneously in the chambers with a heat carrier, the temperature of which for some is higher and for others is lower by 25–27°C.
Justification of the algorithm of personnel selection for the maintenance of automated technological processes in agricultural production
Authors: Kuzmenko V.V. , Troshkov A.M. , Kuzmenko I.P. , Karakaeva E.U. , Tambieva Kh.M.
Published: July 2021

The current stage of strengthening and development of market relations is characterized by increased competition in all spheres of the economy, including agriculture. To strengthen competitive positions, agricultural producers use high-tech equipment complete with elements of automation and microprocessor technology. Only highly qualified specialists with knowledge in the field of both information technology and agriculture can maintain such equipment and manage its operation. The article presents the justification for the structure and content of the algorithm for performing the professional selection of candidates for specialists in the maintenance of high-tech equipment containing elements and mechanisms of microprocessor technology. A description of a specialized digital platform is given that allows for a formalized assessment of the candidate’s compliance with the requirements for a number of characteristics: qualification coefficient, time spent on managing changes in the system, and response time of the specialist to the tasks set. It is noted that according to the results of the presented development, a certificate of state registration of the computer program was obtained.
Analysis of the impact of socio-economic problems in rural area on agricultural education
Authors: Astrakhantseva E.Yu.
Published: July 2021

The article evaluates the results of scientific research on the specific features of the formation of qualified labor resources in the agricultural sector. The results of the study conducted by a group of experts from the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia and the SRI Higher School of Economics with the participation of the author in 2017 are compared with the results of similar studies in the period 2018-2020. The article reveals the existing close relationship between social problems in rural areas and the lack of interest in graduates of specialized agricultural higher educational institutions in job placement in their specialty. The work analyzes the negative impact of short industrial practice of students on the agricultural education quality and assesses the consequences of the lack of a modern technological base for conducting practical training in many higher educational institutions, which leads to the unreadiness of graduates for independent work. The possible ways of finding a balance of interests between the regional administration, higher agricultural educational institution, students and business are considered on the example of the activities of the Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin. The article also highlights the problems in the field of education and obtaining new competencies faced by representatives of peasant (farm) households. In conclusion, proposals are made to solve the urgent problems of agricultural education. Basic provisions: - the job placement of graduates of higher educational institutions in agricultural enterprises is negatively affected by the social problems of the village; - graduates of agricultural universities do not meet the expectations of employers, as educational institutions do not provide sufficient practical knowledge and skills due to the lack of orientation for the practical activities of future specialists; - for representatives of peasant (farm) households, distance education forms and the availability of highly qualified consultants in the field of digital technologies and product promotion are necessary.
Asymptotic derivation and simulations of a non-local Exner model in large viscosity regime
Authors: Audusse Emmanuel , Boittin Léa , Parisot Martin
Published: July 2021

The present paper deals with the modeling and numerical approximation of bed load transport under the action of water. A new shallow water type model is derived from the stratified two-fluid Navier–Stokes equations. Its novelty lies in the magnitude of a viscosity term that leads to a momentum equation of elliptic type. The full model, sediment and water, verifies a dissipative energy balance for smooth solutions. The numerical resolution of the sediment layer is not trivial since the viscosity introduces a non-local term in the model. Adding a transport threshold makes the resolution even more challenging. A scheme based on a staggered discretization is proposed for the full model, sediment and water.
Thoraxchirurgie ohne Thoraxdrainage – aktuelle Situation in Deutschland
Authors: Broschewitz Johannes , Metelmann Isabella , Steinert Matthias , Krämer Sebastian
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurde eine Vielzahl von Techniken in den klinischen Alltag eingeführt, um die Invasivität thoraxchirurgischer Operationen zu reduzieren.
Thoraxdrainagen stellen eine bedeutende Ursache für postoperativen Schmerz dar. Der Verzicht auf eine Thoraxdrainage (Tubeless-Technik) kann zu geringeren postoperativen Schmerzen und einer
verkürzten Krankenhausverweildauer führen. Welchen Stellenwert die Tubeless-Technik in Deutschland hat, ist jedoch unklar.

Material und Methoden Mit einer bundesweiten Befragung, die von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT) unterstützt wurde, sollte die Anwendung der Tubeless-Technik
evaluiert werden. Im Zeitraum von Juli bis September 2020 wurden alle leitenden Thoraxchirurgen mit DGT-Mitgliedschaft aufgerufen, einen digitalen Fragebogen zu beantworten.

Ergebnisse 63 von 161 Angefragten sendeten den Fragebogen ausgefüllt zurück, was einer Rücklaufquote von 39% entspricht. Im Erfassungszeitraum von 1 Jahr wurden an den 63 Kliniken
mindestens 30 930 thoraxchirurgische Eingriffe durchgeführt, wovon 593 Eingriffe (1,9%) in Tubeless-Technik vorgenommen wurden. In 37 Kliniken (59%) wurden bisher Eingriffe in
Tubeless-Technik ausgeführt, wovon 15 (24%) ebenfalls Lungenresektionen durchführten. 42 Befragte (67%) sehen unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen eine Indikation für die Tubeless-Technik und 7
(11%) sehen eine Vergesellschaftung mit einem hohen Komplikationsrisiko. Für 50 Teilnehmer (79%) verursacht die Tubeless-Technik weniger Schmerzen und 10 (16%) geben an, dass die
Tubeless-Technik keinen Vorteil bietet. Neben anderen Kontraindikationen wird ein Pleuraerguss am häufigsten angeben (48 Befragte, 76%). Bei den Anwendern besteht Konsens (100%), dass eine
fehlende Luftfistel Voraussetzung für die Durchführung der Tubeless-Technik ist. Der Großteil der Anwender führt zum Ausschluss einer Luftfistel eine „Fahrradschlauchprobe“ (73%) und/oder
eine Kontrolle am digitalen Drainagesystem (53%) durch, teilweise unter druckkontrolliert ventilierter Lunge. 17 Anwender der Tubeless-Technik (46%) gaben an, bisher keine Komplikationen
beobachtet zu haben.

Schlussfolgerung Die Vorteile der Tubeless-Technik sind wissenschaftlich gut belegt und in deutschen Kliniken bekannt. Gleichwohl wird sie in Deutschland nur von 59% der befragten
thoraxchirurgischen Einrichtungen durchgeführt. Eine Verbesserung der Evidenz hinsichtlich der Selektionskriterien durch randomisierte klinische Studien könnte helfen, eine breitere
Anwendung zu befördern.
Endovascular Therapy for the Management of Acute Ilio-femoral Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Dumantepe Mert
Published: July 2021

Ilio-femoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has a high rate of long-term morbidity in the form of the postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Therefore, management of acute thrombosis should not only focus on the prevention of acute complications such as propagation or embolisation of the initial clot but also on preventing recurrent thrombosis and PTS. Contemporary catheter-based treatments of deep vein thrombosis have proven to be safe and effective in selected patients. Current guidelines recommend medical therapy with anticoagulation alone for all but the most severe, limb-threatening thrombosis. They additionally allow for consideration of endovascular catheter-based treatment in selected patients with acute proximal ilio-femoral DVT and low risk of bleeding complications to prevent PTS. 

Imaging-guided, catheter-based endovascular therapy has been used in selected patients to alleviate these sequelae, but important questions remain about their optimal use. In this article, we review the available evidence and summarize the rationale for use of catheter-based therapy in specific patient groups with acute iliofemoral DVT.
Circulating Cytokines and Growth Factors in Acute Cerebral Large Vessel Occlusion—Association with Success of Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Falk Christine S. , Weissenborn Karin , Schuppner Ramona , Grosse Gerrit M. , Werlein Christopher , Blume Nicole , Abu-Fares Omar , Götz Friedrich , Gabriel Maria M. , Ernst Johanna , Leotescu Andrei , Worthmann Hans , Kühnel Mark P. , Jonigk Danny D.
Published: July 2021

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is a highly efficient treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). However, in a relevant proportion of LVO, no sufficient recanalization can be achieved. The composition of cerebral thrombi is highly heterogeneous and may constitute a relevant factor for insufficient reperfusion. We hypothesized that circulating cytokines and growth factors involved in thromboinflammation and platelet activation may be associated with reperfusion status and thrombus composition in patients undergoing MT. An according biomarker panel was measured in plasma specimens taken prior to MT and at a 7-day follow-up. The reperfusion status was categorized into sufficient or insufficient. The composition of retrieved thrombi was histologically analyzed. Differences of baseline biomarker concentrations between insufficient and sufficient reperfusions were highest for interferon (IFN)-γ, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB/BB, and IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10). After applying correction for multiple comparisons and logistic regression analysis adjusting for stroke etiology, intravenous thrombolysis, and vascular risk factors, PDGF-AB/BB was identified as an independent predictor of reperfusion status (odds ratio: 0.403; 95% confidence interval: 0.199–0.819). Histological analysis revealed that the majority of thrombi had a mixed composition. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that cytokines and growth factors are potential effectors in patients undergoing MT for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
The Asterion-to-Transverse Process of the Atlas Line as a Surgical Landmark
Authors: Basma Jaafar , Mahoney Dom E. , Anagnostopoulos Christos , Michael L. Madison , Sorenson Jeffrey M. , Porter David G. , Pichierri Angelo
Published: July 2021

Introduction Proposed landmarks to predict the anatomical location and trajectory of the sigmoid sinus have varying degrees of reliability. Even with neuronavigation technology, landmarks are crucial in planning and performing complex approaches to the posterolateral skull base. By combining two major dependable structures—the asterion (A) and transverse process of the atlas (TPC1)—we investigate the A-TPC1 line in relation to the sigmoid sinus and in partitioning surgical approaches to the region.

Methods We dissected six cadaveric heads (12 sides) to expose the posterolateral skull base, including the mastoid and suboccipital bone, TPC1 and suboccipital triangle, distal jugular vein and internal carotid artery, and lower cranial nerves in the distal cervical region. We inspected the A-TPC1 line before and after drilling the mastoid and occipital bones and studied the relationship of the sigmoid sinus trajectory and major muscular elements related to the line. We retrospectively reviewed 31 head and neck computed tomography (CT) angiograms (62 total sides), excluding posterior fossa or cervical pathologies. Bone and vessels were reconstructed using three-dimensional segmentation software. We measured the distance between the A-TPC1 line and sigmoid sinus at different levels: posterior digastric point (DP), and maximal distances above and below the digastric notch.

Results A-TPC1 length averaged 65 mm and was posterior to the sigmoid sinus in all cadaver specimens, coming closest at the level of the DP. Using the transverse-asterion line as a rostrocaudal division and skull base as a horizontal plane, we divided the major surgical approaches into four quadrants: distal cervical/extreme lateral and jugular foramen (anteroinferior), presigmoid/petrosal (anterosuperior), retrosigmoid/suboccipital (posterosuperior), and far lateral/foramen magnum regions (posteroinferior). Radiographically, the A-TPC1 line was also posterior to the sigmoid sinus in all sides and came closest to the sinus at the level of DP (mean, 7 mm posterior; range, 0–18.7 mm). The maximal distance above the DP had a mean of 10.1 mm (range, 3.6–19.5 mm) and below the DP 5.2 mm (range, 0–20.7 mm).

Conclusion The A-TPC1 line is a helpful landmark reliably found posterior to the sigmoid sinus in cadaveric specimens and radiographic CT scans. It can corroborate the accuracy of neuronavigation, assist in minimizing the risk of sigmoid sinus injury, and is a useful tool in planning surgical approaches to the posterolateral skull base, both preoperatively and intraoperatively.
Method Optimisation in Hydrophilic-Interaction Liquid Chromatography by Design of Experiments Combined with Quantitative Structure–Retention Relationships
Authors: Taraji Maryam , Haddad Paul R.
Published: July 2021

Accurate prediction of the separation conditions for a set of target analytes with no retention data available is fundamental for routine analytical assays but remains a very challenging task. In this paper, a quality by design (QbD) optimisation workflow capable of discovering the optimal chromatographic conditions for separation of new compounds in hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is introduced. This workflow features the application of quantitative structure−retention relationship (QSRR) methodology in conjunction with design of experiments (DoE) principles and was used to carry out a two-level full factorial DoE optimisation for a mixture of pharmaceutical analytes on zwitterionic, amide, amine, and bare silica HILIC stationary phases, with mobile phases containing varying acetonitrile content, mobile phase pH, and salt concentration. A dual-filtering approach that considers both retention time (tR) and structural similarity was used to identify the optimal set of analytes to train the QSRR in order to maximise prediction accuracy. Highly predictive retention models (average R2 of 0.98) were obtained and statistical analysis of the prediction performance of the QSRR models demonstrated their ability to predict the retention times of new compounds based solely on their molecular structures, with root-mean-square errors of prediction in the range 7.6–11.0 %. Further, the obtained retention data for pharmaceutical test compounds were used to compute their separation selectivity, which was used as input into a DoE optimiser in order to select the optimal separation conditions. Experimental separations performed under the chosen optimal working conditions showed good agreement with the theoretical predictions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of a QbD optimisation workflow assisted with dual-filtering-based retention modelling to facilitate the method development process in HILIC.
The mechanism of species coexistence and diversity maintenance along aspects in the northeast of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau
Authors: Liu Minxia , Wang Xinyu , Ma Yibo , Xu Lu
Published: July 2021

To examine the role of plant functional traits and phylogenetic relationships in predicting plant community species coexistence and diversity maintenance, we measured 73 species and six functional traits along a slope aspect gradient on the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau. We calculated the net relatedness index (NRI), the nearest taxon index (NTI), phylogenetic diversity (PD), functional diversity, and analysed phylogenetic signals. The results show that the species richness, plant composition, and PD changed substantially from northern to southern aspects, and the phylogenetic structure of the community changed from clustering to over-dispersion. Weak phylogenetic signals in plant height, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf potassium content were recorded. We conclude that the influencing factor(s) of species coexistence on northern and north-western aspects is limiting similarity (interspecific competition), whereas on southern and south-western aspects, habitat filtering (environmental effect) is predominant. On western aspects, the influencing factors are driven by three processes: limiting similarity, habitat filtration, and random processes. Results suggest that niche processes (including habitat filtration and limiting similarity) are the main mechanisms for species coexistence and diversity maintenance on aspects of the alpine meadow in the northeast of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau, while random processes appear at the transitional zone (the western aspect in our study) between aspects.
Be reasonable!
Authors: Krabbe Erik C. W. , van Laar Jan Albert
Published: July 2021

Are we living in an age of unreason? And what to do about it? Can we combat unreason? We discuss situations in which one may presume to be confronted with unreasonable behavior by an interlocutor: fallacies, changing rules of the game, shifting to some other type of dialogue, and abandonment of reasonable dialogue. We recommend ways that could be helpful to obtain a return to reason. These possibilities lead us to a moderately optimistic conclusion.
How do Chilean seniors think about arguing?
Authors: Santibáñez Cristian , Hample Dale , Hample Jessica M.
Published: July 2021

This project investigates orientations toward interpersonal arguing among Chilean seniors
(N = 243), having a mean age of 72 years. We found no prior attention to seniors in the interpersonal arguing
literature, and only a little to Chileans. Sited within the US framework for studying interpersonal arguing (see Hample, 2016), this project collected seniors’ responses to survey items indexing
argumentativeness, verbal aggressiveness, argument frames, personalization of conflict, and power distance. Our exploratory work
involved use of a second sample of Chilean undergraduates (N = 80) for comparison. Comparisons showed that the
seniors were less likely to argue, especially for play. Seniors were more interested in asserting dominance and were less
cooperative and civil. Few sex differences were observed among the seniors, whereas quite a few had been previously found for
Chilean undergraduates. These differences are attributed to the age of the seniors, although the possibility of a cadre effect is
considered. Neither Chilean seniors nor younger adults displayed negative correlations between approaching and avoiding arguments,
a result which has become an increasingly urgent theoretical issue across the world.
Changing patterns of apology in spoken British English
Authors: Su Hang
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a local grammar based diachronic investigation of apology in spoken British English, aiming to offer an alternative approach for diachronic speech act analysis and to further explore what the changing patterns of apology would suggest about the social-cultural changes happened and/or happening in the British society. The paper shows that the proposed local grammar approach can contribute to a more delicate and finer-grained speech act annotation scheme, which in turn facilitates a more reliable quantification of speech act realisations across contexts or time. The subsequent investigation shows that apologies in spoken British English are becoming more formulaic and less explicit, which suggests that either social distance has been reduced or that Britain might have become an even more stratified society.
Sancte et sapienter
Authors: Indìo Massimo Poppi Fabio
Published: July 2021

The practice of joint fantasizing concerns interacting participants’ collective construction of imaginary realities with internal consistency and coherence. Based on a corpus of conversations held by an informal Italian prayer community of elderly Catholic women, this contribution aims to show that joint fantasizing is not necessarily a humorous activity and is embedded in the participants’ social and personal background. The analysis also indicates that through joint fantasizing the participants conceptualize themselves as victims and idealized opponents of the unfair present and past societies. Framing joint fantasizing as a cross-contextual activity of social criticism allows us to understand that the participants use this interactional practice as an activity endowed with moral suffering and responsibility. This rhetorical seriousness contrasts with other studies in which joint fantasies are generally connected with playful, jocular and laughable practices.
Terminological cooperation in the biomedical field
Authors: Wermuth Maria-Cornelia
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with collaborative terminological activities in the biomedical field. Efficient communication based on
uniform language use is a prerequisite for safe and cost-efficient patient care. Terminological consistency and standardization are
therefore central issues in healthcare with high societal relevance. The objectives of this contribution are (1) to show how actors from
different disciplines and institutions are involved in the standardization of medical terminology and electronic terminology systems; (2) to
describe how translation-oriented terminological principles affect the translation of the Systematic Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical
Terms (SNOMED CT). The challenges of this approach will be discussed and some suggestions for its further development will be made.
Terminology work as open, communal and collaborative crowdsourcing practice of academic communities
Authors: Enqvist Johanna , Onikki-Rantajääskö Tiina , Pitkänen-Heikkilä Kaarina
Published: July 2021

This article introduces the Helsinki Term Bank for the Arts and Sciences (HTB), as an innovative case of a terminology project which constructs a database of scholarly terms by offering a multidisciplinary platform for collaborative terminology work and niche-sourcing at the wiki-based internet platform. Moreover, the HTB is theorised as an Information Infrastructure (II) to present and dissect how a particular set of values is embedded and woven into the HTB’s design and structure. Analysing the results of the two surveys aimed at the users and experts of the HTB in 2019, the article discusses how these values are transforming and evolving further in the HTB’s multidimensional network of actors.
Effects of social evolution on terminology policy in South Tyrol
Authors: Chiocchetti Elena
Published: July 2021

This paper illustrates the challenges of terminology policy in the legal domain in South Tyrol, Italy, i.e. within a minority community whose language (German) is an official language in other countries. In this context terminology planning becomes necessary mainly in relation to legal and administrative concepts, due to the system-bound nature of legal language. The method applied in South Tyrol is micro-comparison with other German-speaking legal systems. Based on South Tyrol’s example, we show how changes in society have affected approaches, methods and tools for terminology planning and practical terminology work. South Tyrol’s autonomy model is often considered a best practice for the resolution of ethnic conflict. Its long-lasting experience in terminology planning may equally serve as a model for minority language communities that have only recently been granted extensive language rights.
Phenomenological model of motility by spatiotemporal modulation of active interactions
Authors: Schildknecht Dominik , Thomson Matt
Published: July 2021

Transport at microscopic length scales is essential in biological systems and various technologies, including microfluidics. Recent experiments achieved self-organized transport phenomena in microtubule active matter using light to modulate motor-protein activity in time and space. Here, we introduce a novel phenomenological model to explain such experiments. Our model, based on spatially modulated particle interactions, reveals a possible mechanism for emergent transport phenomena in light-controlled active matter, including motility and contraction. In particular, the model’s analytic treatment elucidates the conservation of the center of mass of activated particles as a fundamental mechanism of material transport and demonstrates the necessity of memory for sustained motility. Furthermore, we generalize the model to explain other phenomena, like microtubule aster–aster interactions induced by more complicated activation geometries. Our results demonstrate that the model provides a possible foundation for the phenomenological understanding of light-controlled active matter, and it will enable the design and optimization of transport protocols for active matter devices.