bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of a heat pipe solar collector with evacuated polycarbonate front cover
Authors: Akber Abbass , Abduljabbar Ayaz
Published: July 2022

In this research, the effect of vacuum on the thermal efficiency of a heat pipe solar collector is investigated. A comparative study of solar energy loss through different transparent covering materials, including different thicknesses of clear Polycarbonate (PC) and glass sheets, is performed to choose the best covering material. The results of solar energy loss tests show that for a 4mm, and 6mm thickness covering materials, transparent PC sheets have 11% and 22% less solar energy loss respectively than glass sheets. Three cases of flat heat pipe solar collector with different covering designs that are: no cover, non-vacuumed, and vacuumed double layer PC sheets are tested. Results show that the combination of a 4mm high transmittance PC cover with vacuumed spacing results in an overall collector thermal efficiency of about 70% in comparison with only 57% for non-vacuumed double layer PC cover.
Das Mortes nas Estações (2018)
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Santos Marília , Torres Dierson ,   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Published: July 2022

Das Mortes nas Estações (2018) é um ciclo de quatro canções escritas por Marília Santos (1987-) – poemas – e Dierson Torres (1953-) – música. Estão baseadas no Vier Letzte Lied – Quatros Últimas Canções – (1948), do compositor Richard Strauss (1964-1949). Dierson Torres busca nas Quatro Últimas Canções relações para compor a melodia, a harmonia, o movimento das vozes, toda a textura musical, utilizando harmonias cromáticas, quintas aumentadas, dissonâncias, “desenhos musicais” que, além de manter uma coerência com os textos utilizados, de Marília Santos, cria uma relação com o ciclo de canções de Richard Strauss e com a sutileza de falar sobre a morte, sobre o fim dos ciclos, através de sons, que penetram como sentimentos ditos sem palavras, complementando estas, que vestidas de poesia transcendem escritora e compositor.
Tax regulation of transactions with crypto assets in Russia and abroad
Authors: Valova Anna Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the study of crypto assets as a specific category for tax purposes with the allocation of inherent features that affect tax regulation. The purpose of the article is to update the main approaches to taxation of transactions with crypto assets based on the experience of different countries, including Russia. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to identify the features of crypto assets that allow considering crypto assets as a specific category for tax regulation purposes, to formulate theoretical approaches to taxation of crypto assets, to investigate practical experience and trends in taxation of transactions with such digital assets both in the international arena and in the Russian Federation; to identify the main problems in tax regulation transactions with crypto assets and suggest ways to solve them. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn about the presence of specific characteristics of crypto assets (decentralization, a high degree of anonymity of transactions, the international nature of use, hybridity), which, together with the lag of regulatory legislation due to the rapid development of the crypto industry, complicate the tax regulation of transactions with this type of asset. It has been established that the absence of taxation rules for crypto assets in general does not mean that taxation is impossible and allows the application of tax rules established for similar categories of assets. The presence of special tax regulation of transactions with crypto assets allows both to influence the attractiveness of doing business in this area in certain jurisdictions, and to simplify regulation in this area by providing benefits to participants in crypto relations. The author revealed that a critical problem in this area is the difficulty of tax administration of transactions with crypto assets using traditional methods of tax control due to the difficulty of identifying the transactions, including due to the international nature of the use of crypto assets, which entails tax evasion of subjects of cryptocurrency transactions.
Impacto da dor orofacial crônica da disfunção temporomandibular e ansiedade no desempenho acadêmico de estudantes de odontologia
Authors: Takamiya Aline Satie , Haddad Marcela Filié , Valente Vitor Bonetti , Túrcio Karina Helga , Zuim Paulo Renato Junqueira , Brandini Daniela Atili
Published: July 2022

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Suitability of Idi-Apa Oke-Oyi Soil for Groundnut Cultivation
Authors: Adejumobi M. A. , Onofua O. E. , Mudi O. R. , Olaleye S. O.
Published: July 2022

Soil supplies most of the mineral nutrients for plant growth through the plant’s root system. The need to determine the soil nutrient supplying capacity of the soil at Idi-Apa, Oke-Oyi area of Kwara State, Nigeria for groundnut cultivation is of major concern before embarking on large-scale cultivation of groundnut to avoid great loss. The project was therefore conducted to analyse the soil at Idi-Apa, Oke-Oyi area based on the fertility for the cultivation of groundnut.

Soil samples were taken at depths 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm (which is the maximum rooting depth for groundnut) from the land. The samples which were collected through the random method were sent to the laboratory and analysed for chemical parameters: pH; organic carbon (OC); organic matter (OM); calcium (Ca); magnesium (Mg); sodium (Na); potassium (K); and nitrogen (N). Physical properties (textural class) and other properties such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR); exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP); base saturation (BS) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined.

The result of the analysis showed that the pH (7.1-7.8), OM (2.36-6.93%), OC (1.37-4.98%), Na (0.04-0.15%), ESP (1.04 – 1.28%) and BS (95.37-95.85%) were found to be in the range of the requirements for groundnut production, while the other analyses parameters were outside the required range.

Generally, some of the major nutrients like and potassium needed by the crop have deteriorated while some others like calcium are available in sufficient quantities. This calls for the application of fertilizer to the soil to provide the lost nutrients and proper monitoring of the soil before the cultivation of groundnut. An integrated approach that involves the cultivation of nutrient-efficient varieties of groundnut on nutrient-deficient soils is suggested. In the absence of magnesium-efficient varieties, the application of magnesium as fertilizer is recommended.

There were no significant differences (p >.05) in the results between the two soil layers for all chemical properties considered except for organic where OM was significantly higher in the subsoil than in the topsoil.
Pangayaw: Seeking Peace in Vengeance among Blaan Tribe in Kiblawan, Davao Del Sur
Authors: Caminero R. , Galang-Balones J.
Published: July 2022

Aims: This phenomenological study aimed to explore the lived experiences, coping strategies, and insights of the Blaan tribe in their practice of the Pangayaw or revenge-killing.

Study Design:  This study employs a qualitative design utilizing the phenomenological approach.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted among the Blaans tribe that belongs in Kiblawan, Davao Del Sur, between 2020 and 2021.

Methodology: During data collection, there were nine (9) participants who willingly consented to participate in the in-depth interviews. After data was collected, transcribed, and translated, it was subjected to thematic analysis.

Results: The results revealed the lived experiences, coping strategies, and insights of the Blaans. In the practice of Pangayaw, it was found that the members of the bereaved family feel relieved after vengeance was served. Meanwhile, coping strategies used include the settlement of issues with other families, along with government officials and money for compensation. On the other hand, members of the tribe shared their insights on the need to stop the practice of Pangayaw and called for legal interventions.

Conclusion: The study concluded that National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP) should re-evaluate the conduct of this tradition for the well-being of the members of the tribe.
Study on Gain in Knowledge through Different Combination of Teaching Methods and their Association with Selected Socio-economic Factors
Authors: Singh Ranjay Kumar , Oraon Dharma , Kumar Anjani , Kumar Amrendra , Ranjan Kumar Priya , Alam Zunaid
Published: July 2022

The present study was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chatra for two years i.e. 2018-19& 2019-20 to find out the effectiveness of the different combinations of teaching tools on knowledge gain by vegetable growers farmers of the district. Farmers trained through a combination of teaching method i.e. group meeting + lecture + exposure visit (TO3) gained higher level of knowledge score (70%) followed by a medium level of knowledge score (30%).Positive and significant relationship had been observed between the knowledge gain and annual income of the respondent's group who received training through group meeting + lecture + exposure visit.Respondent education and gain in knowledge by lecture method, lecture + exposure visit, and group meeting + lecture + exposure visit had positive and significant association.
Effect of Solvents Fractions of Cucurbita maxima Cuticular Lipids on Metabolic Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Idi A. , Atiku M. K. , Alhassan A. J. , Muhammad I. U.
Published: July 2022

This study was aimed at studying the effect of solvents (n-hexane, chloroform and methanol) fractions of Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin) cuticular lipids on metabolic biomarkers of cardiovascular disease using L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. A total of thirty-six (120-150 g) albino rats were randomly selected and placed into twelve groups of three rats each were used for this study. Each rat was weighed and tagged and thereafter weighed weekly for five weeks of the experiment. Rats were induced with hypertension using 40mg/Kg body weight/24hours. Other rats were placed on normal feeds and water while biomarkers were assayed and recorded on weekly basis. Group I served as normal control, Group II were hypertensive control, Group III were induced with hypertension and administered with standard drug while Groups IV-XII were induced with hypertension and administered with varying doses of n-hexane, chloroform and methanol fractions. A slight alteration on metabolic biomarkers between the normal control group and hypertensive control group was recorded, which was reversed by the administration of methanol fraction.  Thus, cuticular lipids from Cucurbita maxima might have some anti-hypertensive potentials.
Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Perssea americana and Prunus dulcis on Caffein-Testicular Damage in Male Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Otobo M. B. , Akaninwor J. O. , Amadi B. A. , Wellington E. O.
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the effect if ethanolic fruit extracts of Perssea americana and Prunus dulcis on caffeine-testicular damage in male albino rats. Sixty rats weighing 120 and 170 g were used for this study. The rats were separated into 12 groups of five rats per group. Group 1 served as normal control, group 2 received 200mg/kg of caffeine, serving as negative control while group 3 served as positive control. Rats in group 4-6 were orally administered 200mg/kg caffeine + ethanolic 100, 200, and 400mg/kg of Prunus dulcis, group 7-12 received 200mg/kg caffeine + ethanolic 100, 200, and 400mg/kg, and Caffeine + ethanolic 100mg/kg Persea americana +100mg/kg Prunus dulcis fruit extract for 7, 14, and 21 days. Blood sample was collected from the tail of each rats at 7 days interval after treatment, for biochemical assays while one rats in each group was sacrificed and the testis was harvested for histological analysis. The plasma luteinizing hormone level of the negative control for 7, 14, and 21 days were 1.62 ± 0.01IU/ML, 1.71 ± 0.02IU/ML, and 1.05 ± 0.09IU/ML respectively. The plasma luteinizing hormone level of group 6 treated with 400mg/kg of Prunus dulcis fruit extract for 7, 14, and 21 days were 3.06. ± 0.05IU/ML, 3.41 ± 0.05IU/ML, and 3.63 ± 0.01IU/ML respectively, were significantly different from group 2 while those of group 9 treated with 400mg/kg of Persea americana fruit extract for 7, 14, and 21 days were 3.51 ± 0.05IU/ML, 3.82 ± 0.05IU/ML, and 3.90 ± 0.02IU/ML. Regeneration of damage testicular tissues occurred after treatment. The significant increases observed on the hormonal profile and regeneration of damaged testicular tissues of the extracts treated rats indicated testiculo-curative effect of P. dulcis and P. americana fruit on caffeine-induced testicular damage in rats.
Economic Analysis of Sericulture in Nagpur District, India: Environmental Impact and Sustainable Management
Authors: Kadu A. G. , Baviskar P. P. , Dhunde A. D.
Published: July 2022

The study is an attempt to assess the silkworm cocoon production and its profitability in Nagpur district of Maharashtra through structured survey during 2017-18 with a view to know socio economic characteristics of mulberry growers such as family type, education, family size, education status, land use pattern, and cropping pattern etc. were studied. Data pertains to the year 2017-18. The data were collected by using the multipurpose sampling design. The study was based on total 60 mulberry growers. It states that, the average size of the family worked out to 5 individuals per households. Out of which 2 mens, 2 women and 1 children, Where as 6.66% illiterate and 93.34% are literate. The possession of average land holding was 2.06 hectares. The gross cropped area was 3.73 hectares. The cropping intensity was found to be 195.28 per cent. In 2017-18 total area under mulberry cultivation in Nagpur district is 285 acre and per acre production of silk cocoon is 1.666 kg/yr. (District Sericulture Office, Nagpur).
Comparative Assessment of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Agroforestry Systems in Kogi East Nigeria
Authors: Amhakhian S. O. , Otene I. J. J. , Adava I. O.
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to assess the below ground carbon sequestration (soil carbon stock per unit land area) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agroforestry systems (AFSs) in Kogi East (Ankpa, Dekina, Ofu, Olamaboro, and Omala local government areas) Nigeria. Stratified random sampling was used to select study locations of the agroforestry systems in Kogi East, Nigeria. Four AFSs were selected in each local government area (LGA) - this consisted majorly of smallholder farmer’s farm with silvoarable systems in the region (4 communities per LGA, total of 20 communities). The selection criteria for AFS was based on farm size not less than 1 hectare. The results from the analysis revealed that highest soil carbon stock [C stock (Mg Cha-1)] was recorded from AFSs in Dekina (334.43 Mg Cha-1) while no significant difference in carbon stock was observed from the soils of AFSs in Ankpa, Ofu, Olamaboro, and Omala LGAs (69.01, 159.21, 142.58, 117.33 Mg Cha-1 respectively). Nonetheless, the soils from AFSs in Dekina LGA had highest CO2 emissions followed by Ofu LGA (186.23 and 159.40 gCO2 emitted/50g wet soil slice respectively) while the lowest CO2 emissions (104.15 and 88.88 gCO2 emitted/50g wet soil slice) were recorded from Ankpa and Omala LGAs respectively. The highest carbon sequestration recorded from soils of AFSs in Dekina LGA may depend on the soil C input and soil stabilization processes including tree species and density and again highest CO2 emissions from the same Dekina LGA can be attributed to the coarse texture of the soils as coarse soils are considerably more susceptible to releasing their carbon. On the other hand, the absence of variation in CO2 emission levels in some of the locations studied can be attributed to similar land management practices like tillage, bush burning and soil fertility management.
Influence of Crop Residue in Addition to Decomposition Enhancers on Soil Nitrogen Transformation and Available Macronutrients Status during Growth of Maize
Authors: Reddy P. Nagaseshi , Kumari J. Aruna , Jayasree G. , Tejashree M.
Published: July 2022

A Greenhouse experiment was conducted on loamy sand soils of Agricultural College, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi 2021-2022 to find out the influence of crop residues in addition to decomposition enhancers on soil nitrogen transformation and available macronutrients status during growth of maize. The crop residues were incorporated in soil during sowing of maize either alone or in combination with decomposition enhanceres (microbial consortia and single super phosphate). The nitrogen transformation and macronutrients assayed at different intervals of maize were significantly increased by the application of crop residue along with microbial consortia. At 30 DAI, 60 DAI and 90 DAI among the treatments, the highest ammonical and nitrate nitrogen and macronutrient status of were recorded with T9 (T5 + as Microbial consortium @ 1.5%) and it was on par with the treatment T13 (T5 + as Single Super Phosphate @5%). At 120 DAI among the treatments highest ammonical and nitrate nitrogen and macronutrient status of were recorded with T8 (T4+ as Microbial consortium @ 1.5%,) and it was on par with the T6 (T2+ as Microbial consortium @ 1.5 %). At all intervals the lowest ammonical and nitrate nitrogen and macronutrient status were recorded in control (T1). Incorporation of crop residues along with microbial consortium before sowing has significant effect on growth and yield of maize when compared to residue alone.
Spectroscopic and Kinetic Study of Sucrose Oxidation by Cr(VI) and Its Application in the Quantitative Analysis of Soil Organic Carbon
Authors: Adongo John O. , Osumba Seth , Misoi Simion , Kibet Joshua
Published: July 2022

The percent organic carbon (%OC) is an important soil fertility measure that has important implications in agricultural productivity and food security. In this study, a UV-visible spectrophotometric technique was investigated and applied to quantify %OC from selected soil samples along a river basin that traverses agricultural farmlands, a forest and sewage treatment lagoons for a comparative survey purposes. The study was based on the measurement of absorbance of Cr(III) species that arise from oxidation of sucrose (which is 42.11% carbon) by dichromate ions which contain Cr(VI) species. The uv-visible spectrophotometric double beam wavelength scan measurements elucidated the conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) ions and a calibration plot was developed with r2= 0.99. The analyte peak was identified in the region from 750 nm to 550 nm (the absorbing Cr(iii) species) with a turning point maximum at 576 nm. The kinetic profile of sucrose oxidation by the dichromate ions was studied via absorbance of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) as a function of the reaction time and was used to characterize the reaction model. The absorbance of Cr(III) as a function of reaction time fitted best into the non-linear Belehradek power function equation y=a(x-b)c,, where y = absorbance; x = time(s); a, b, c = are constants (r2 of 0.91). Kinetic analysis revealed that the reaction that leads to the formation of Cr(III) during sucrose oxidation proceeds via pseudo first-order kinetics (r2= 0.83). A comparative quantitative analysis indicated that the sewage treatment lagoons had the highest %OC content at about 5.5-6.6%OC. The soils sampled from the forest regions had about 4.6-5.8%OC whereas the river bank soils had the lowest levels at about 2.0-2.5%OC. A statistical t-test analysis showed that the %OC levels in sub-soils were significantly higher than those of the top-soils (p > 0.05 at 95% CI).
Evaluation of Rapid Ultrasound in Shock and Hypotension (RUSH) in Blunt Polytrauma Patients
Authors: Badr Zain El-Abidine Kamal , Ibrahim Wesam , Sharf Mohammed Samy , Elafifi Mahmoud Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Background: The leading cause of death in the first 4 decades of life is trauma, and it remains a serious public health concern in all countries, whether rural or urban areas. While in Egypt damage is several times higher because of misclassiﬁcation and under-reporting. The aim of this research was to compare between POCUS and other traditional imaging (x-ray, CT) in diagnosis of shock following blunt polytrauma patients and evaluate RUSH protocol in diagnosis of shock and follow up.

Methods: This prospective research was conducted on 100 patients aged from 18 to 65 years old, with blunt polytrauma presented with shock and hypotension. All patients underwent full history taking, and radiological investigations when needed, clinical examination according to Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS), management was consisted of primary and secondary survey, routine laboratory investigations and RUSH assessment for trauma.

Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiration rate and heart rate were significant clinical predictors of shock. The time taken by RUSH protocol to assess shock was significantly lower compared to the time taken by Pan-CT and X- rays (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: This study has focused on the point-of-care ultrasound (RUSH protocol) role for the early identification of the causes of shock in the department of emergency medicine. Diagnosis made by RUSH protocol is strongly agree with right medical diagnosis. It demonstrates the high efficacy of (RUSH protocol) in detecting and classifying distinct types of shock aetiology with high accuracy.
Sementes da sedição: etnia, revolta escrava e controle social na América Portuguesa (1808-1817)
Authors: Silva Luiz Geraldo
Published: July 2022

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O impacto das guerras dos quilombolas na política populacional durante a escravidão no Suriname
Authors: Lamur Humphrey E.
Published: July 2022

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Jambacousses e Gangazambes: feiticeiros negros em Portugal
Authors: Calainho Daniela Buono
Published: July 2022

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Brasil: panorama de interações e conflitos numa sociedade multicultural
Authors: Pereira Edimilson de Almeida , White Steven F.
Published: July 2022

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A legitimação do intelectual negro no meio acadêmico brasileiro: negação de inferioridade, confronto ou assimilação intelectual?
Authors: Lima Ari
Published: July 2022

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Genetic diversity and structure of the endangered lady's slipper orchid Cypripedium japonicum Thunb. (Orchidaceae) in Japan
Authors: Yamashita Yumi , Satoh Natsuki , Kurosawa Takahide , Kaneko Shingo
Published: July 2022

Cypripedium japonicum Thunb. (Orchidaceae), once a common perennial herb, is now designated as endangered throughout most of its distribution due to habitat destruction and fragmentation, and the impacts of horticultural collection. We investigated the genetic characteristics of this species for conservation purposes, using microsatellite markers to examine the genetic diversity and structure of 15 native and 5 ex situ populations in Japan. The results imply that although allelic variation is low in Japanese C. japonicum, sexual reproduction by seed, as well as clonal propagation, may occur in some populations. Both native and ex situ populations were found to be genetically differentiated, indicating that some populations may have experienced recent population declines, genetic fragmentation, or bottlenecks. The degree of genetic drift from the putative ancestral population, inferred through STRUCTURE analysis, was more pronounced in northern populations than in southern populations. Some of the ex situ conserved populations exhibited a low degree of differentiation from ancestral native populations. Our results imply that conservation of C. japonicum in Japan is best supported by maintaining individual populations and their unique genetic characteristics.
Evaluating the Use of Glucocorticoids Among Belimumab‐Treated Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Real‐World Settings Using the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness Registry
Authors: Hammam Nevin , Evans Michael , Bell Christopher F. , Gairy Kerry , Yazdany Jinoos , Schmajuk Gabriela
Published: July 2022

Objective

Glucocorticoids are part of standard therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), despite adverse effects associated with long‐term treatment. Belimumab improved clinical manifestations of SLE and reduced glucocorticoid doses in clinical trials and clinical practice; however, associations have not been examined using multi‐institutional electronic health record (EHR) data. Using the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness registry, we examined glucocorticoid use patterns among belimumab‐treated adults with SLE.

Methods

This retrospective analysis (GSK Study 209267) used EHR prescription records of patients with SLE managed by rheumatologists. Eligible patients had an index date (first belimumab prescription) between January 2014 and June 2018. The primary analysis compared patients' mean daily oral glucocorticoid (prednisone equivalent) dose over the 6 months preindex versus 6 months post index. An exploratory analysis assessed glucocorticoid doses at 12 and 24 months post index for patients with extended follow‐up.

Results

Of the 1987 patients receiving their first belimumab prescription, 767 had available glucocorticoid prescribing data, whereas 204 (primary analysis population) had glucocorticoids prescribed in the 6 months preindex and received belimumab according to the prescribing information for the first 8 weeks post index. The mean (SD) glucocorticoid dose was 12.5 (13.5) mg/day 3 months preindex, reducing to 10.3 (10.6) mg/day over the 6 months post index, and 8.7 (9.4) and 9.0 (9.3) mg/day at 12 and 24 months post index.

Conclusion

This study showed reductions in mean daily glucocorticoid dose after belimumab initiation. Several limitations of EHRs for real‐world effectiveness research were identified, which limited interpretation of results and may inform future study designs.
The Problem of Pain in Rheumatology: Clinical Profiles Associated With Concomitant Diagnoses With Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions
Authors: Falasinnu Titilola , Nguyen Thy , Jiang Tiffany En , Chaichian Yashaar , Rector Amadeia , Darnall Beth D. , Mackey Sean , Simard Julia F.
Published: July 2022

Objective

The chronification of pain is heterogeneous in rheumatology. Chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) such as fibromyalgia, endometriosis, migraine, and back pain may co‐occur with one another and in rheumatic diseases. We describe the sociodemographic and clinical profiles associated with concomitant COPCs among patients with rheumatic diseases.

Methods

We retrospectively identified patients visiting rheumatology clinics at a single institution from 2010 to 2020 for five common rheumatic conditions: psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren syndrome (SjS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). We compared sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors by rheumatic condition and by COPC status. We also report sex‐stratified diagnosis of COPCs. The primary outcome was diagnostic validation of one or more COPCs.

Results

We identified 5992 rheumatology patients: 846 with PsA, 2605 with RA, 956 with SjS, 975 with SLE, and 610 with SSc. Approximately 36–62% of patients had a concomitant COPC diagnosis. Patients with SjS had the highest prevalence (62%). Diagnosis of one or more COPCs was highest among Black patients and lowest among Asian patients. Patients using public insurance had a higher prevalence of one or more COPCs compared with those with private insurance. Patients with one or more COPCs had more depression and anxiety and more frequent emergency department visits, surgeries, and hospitalizations.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that COPCs are strikingly common among patients with rheumatic disease and are associated with lower quality of life and greater health care needs. Future research may elucidate drivers of chronic pain and how to best address the unique analgesic needs of this multimorbid population.
Unique Step‐Scheme Heterojunction Photoelectrodes for Dual‐Utilization of Light and Chemical Neutralization Energy in Switchable Dual‐Mode Batteries
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Li Yuan , Yang Meijia , Liu Cong , Li Jing , Yu Dingshan
Published: July 2022

Here, a unique step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterojunction array involving C4N and aligned TiO2 nanorods, namely C4N@TiO2NR, is explored as an advanced photoelectrode for developing an innovative acid–base/Zn–air hybrid cell capable of harvesting light and chemical neutralization energy (CNE) in one integrated system to boost the charge/discharge performance. The properly staggered band arrangement with a built‐in electric field in C4N@TiO2NR induces an S‐type charge migration path to ensure superior redox ability of photogenerated carriers with efficient spatial separation. This coupled with the structural merits of 3D hierarchical arrays enables remarkable photocurrent response and facilitates oxygen evolution kinetics upon irradiation. Paring this heterojunction photoelectrode with an alkaline Zn electrode and an acidic air electrode produces a light and CNE dual‐assisted cell with two switchable modes of light‐assisted acid‐base/air battery (LABAB) and acid‐base battery (LAB). By capturing light during charge and CNE during discharge, LABAB breaks the limit of the equilibrium potential (1.65 V) of conventional Zn–air batteries (ZABs) to deliver impressive charge/discharge voltages of 0.43/2.02 and 0.87/1.86 V at 0.1 and 10 mA cm−2, superior to all reported ZABs. respectively. When LABAB is switched to LAB, it can harvest light and CNE simultaneously to afford markedly increased output voltage relative to common acid–base batteries.
Generation of Human iPSC‐Derived Neurons on Nanowire Arrays Featuring Varying Lengths, Pitches, and Diameters
Authors: Harberts Jann , Siegmund Malte , Hedrich Carina , Kim Wonjong , Fontcuberta i Morral Anna , Zierold Robert , Blick Robert H.
Published: July 2022

Nanowire (NW) arrays interfaced with biological cells have been demonstrated to be potent tools for advanced applications such as sensing, stimulation, or drug delivery. Many implementations, however, have so far only been studied with rather robust basic cell models. Here, the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neurons is presented on various types of NW arrays. Specifically, combinations of three NW lengths (1, 3, and 5 µm), three array pitches (1, 3, and 5 µm), and two NW diameters (thin/thick pairs, 270–600 nm/590–1070 nm) are being utilized. The cell/NW interactions range from fakir‐like states to NW‐encapsulating states depending on the array characteristics. The cultures show equal proportions of neuronal marker‐positive cells after 8–9 days of terminal differentiation on the NW arrays (14–15 days in total) compared to planar controls. In addition, the neurons are functional with similar kinetics of the action potentials highlighting the equivalence of the NW arrays for neuronal differentiation. In the future, stem cell research and regenerative medicine might substantially benefit from further functionalized NW arrays enabling the well‐established mechanisms such as NW‐mediated in vitro gene editing or intracellular delivery of biomolecules to further control and/or to enhance neuronal differentiation.
Organic Solar Cell With Efficiency Over 20% and VOC Exceeding 2.1 V Enabled by Tandem With All‐Inorganic Perovskite and Thermal Annealing‐Free Process
Authors: Gu Xiaoyu , Lai Xue , Zhang Yuniu , Wang Teng , Tan Wen Liang , McNeill Christopher R. , Liu Qian , Sonar Prashant , He Feng , Li Wenhui , Shan Chengwei , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko
Published: July 2022

Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on polymer donor and non‐fullerene acceptor achieve power conversion efficiency (PCE) more than 19% but their poor absorption below 550 nm restricts the harvesting of high‐energy photons. In contrast, wide bandgap all‐inorganic perovskites limit the absorption of low‐energy photons and cause serious below bandgap loss. Therefore, a 2‐terminal (2T) monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cell (TSC) incorporating wide bandgap CsPbI2Br is demonstrated as front cell absorber and organic PM6:Y6 blend as rear cell absorber, to extend the absorption of OSCs into high‐energy photon region. The perovskite sub‐cell, featuring a sol–gel prepared ZnO/SnO2 bilayer electron transporting layer, renders a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC). The VOC is further enhanced by employing thermal annealing (TA)‐free process in the fabrication of rear sub‐cell, demonstrating a record high VOC of 2.116 V. The TA‐free Ag/PFN‐Br interface in organic sub‐cell facilitates charge transport and restrains nonradiative recombination. Consequently, a remarkable PCE of 20.6% is achieved in monolithic 2T‐TSCs configuration, which is higher than that of both reported single junction and tandem OSCs, demonstrating that tandem with wide bandgap all‐inorganic perovskite is a promising strategy to improve the efficiency of OSCs.
Kinetic modeling of simultaneous polycondensation and free radical polymerization for polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) interpenetrating polymer network
Authors: Jin Jie , Zhou Yin‐Ning , Luo Zheng‐Hong
Published: July 2022

A comprehensive kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm has been developed to investigate the formation process of a polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PU/PMMA) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), in which a component independent strategy is proposed to perform the simulation of simultaneous polycondensation and free radical polymerization. An empiric diffusion model based on the mass fraction of polymer is used to quantify the effect of diffusional limitations on MMA polymerization. Results show that the presence of acrylic monomers has little impact on the formation rate of PU, but the presence of the PU network can accelerate the polymerization of MMA. In addition, the effects of component mass ratio, acrylic cross‐linker concentration, and [NCO]/[OH] ratio on the IPN formation kinetics are investigated based on the kinetic model. It is believed that the as‐developed modeling strategy can be extended to other IPN systems and provide a better understanding of the interactions between chemically independent networks.
Hyperbaric Vacuum‐Based Artificial Muscles for High‐Performance Actuation
Authors: Coutinho Altair , Park Jae Hyeong , Jamil Babar , Choi Hyouk Ryeol , Rodrigue Hugo
Published: July 2022

Existing pneumatic artificial muscles generally rely on the use of either positive or negative pressure for actuation with each having their own advantages and disadvantages. Herein, a hyperbaric vacuum‐based artificial muscle (Hyper‐VAM) making use of both positive and negative pressures almost interchangeably is described. This is done by placing a vacuum‐based actuator inside a hyperbaric chamber which enables both the large deformations possible using negative pressure, and large forces through the action of high pressure differential, exceeding those possible using only negative pressure. This actuator can lift heavy payloads (up to 80 kg) for its entire contraction range, with large deformations (89.1% contraction of the active length) and high power (maximum power of 101.3 W), while using relatively low pressures, which can be supplied by a portable pneumatic pump. By exchanging air between the two chambers in closed‐loop pneumatic actuation, this actuator can also be driven using a single pump without exchanging air with the environment and its position can be controlled using a single pneumatic regulator.
WDR35 variants in a cranioectodermal dysplasia patient with early onset end‐stage renal disease and retinal dystrophy
Authors: Walczak‐Sztulpa Joanna , Wawrocka Anna , Sikora Weronika , Pawlak Marta , Bukowska‐Olech Ewelina , Kopaczewski Bartłomiej , Urzykowska Agnieszka , Arts Heleen H. , Gotz‐Więckowska Anna , Grenda Ryszard , Latos‐Bieleńska Anna , Glazar Renata
Published: July 2022

Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED) is rare heterogeneous condition. It belongs to a group of disorders defined as ciliopathies and is associated with defective cilia function and structure. To date six genes have been associated with CED. Here we describe a 4‐year‐old male CED patient whose features include dolichocephaly, multi‐suture craniosynostosis, epicanthus, frontal bossing, narrow thorax, limb shortening, and brachydactyly. The patient presented early‐onset chronic kidney disease and was transplanted at the age of 2 years and 5 months. At the age of 3.5 years a retinal degeneration was diagnosed. Targeted sequencing by NGS revealed the presence of compound heterozygous variants in the WDR35 gene. The variants are a novel missense change in exon 9 p.(Gly303Arg) and a previously described nonsense variant in exon 18 p.(Leu641*). Our findings suggest that patients with WDR35 defects may be at risk to develop early‐onset retinal degeneration. Therefore, CED patients with pathogenic variation in this gene should be assessed at least once by the ophthalmologist before the age of 4 years to detect early signs of retinal degeneration.
Elevated Plasma Phosphorylated Tau 181 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Cousins Katheryn A. Q. , Shaw Leslie M. , Shellikeri Sanjana , Dratch Laynie , Rosario Luis , Elman Lauren B. , Quinn Colin , Amado Defne A. , Wolk David A. , Tropea Thomas F. , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Irwin David J. , Grossman Murray , Lee Edward B. , Trojanowski John Q. , McMillan Corey T.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau181) is reliably elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but less explored is its specificity relative to other neurodegenerative conditions. Here, we find novel evidence that plasma p‐tau181 is elevated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative condition typically lacking tau pathology. We performed a detailed evaluation to identify the clinical correlates of elevated p‐tau181 in ALS.

Methods

Patients were clinically or pathologically diagnosed with ALS (n = 130) or AD (n = 79), or were healthy non‐impaired controls (n = 26). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed and area under the curve (AUC) was used to discriminate AD from ALS. Within ALS, Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests compared analytes by presence/absence of upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron (LMN) signs. Spearman correlations tested associations between plasma p‐tau181 and postmortem neuron loss.

Results

A Wilcoxon test showed plasma p‐tau181 was higher in ALS than controls (W = 2,600, p = 0.000015), and ROC analyses showed plasma p‐tau181 poorly discriminated AD and ALS (AUC = 0.60). In ALS, elevated plasma p‐tau181 was associated with LMN signs in cervical (W = 827, p = 0.0072), thoracic (W = 469, p = 0.00025), and lumbosacral regions (W = 851, p = 0.0000029). In support of LMN findings, plasma p‐tau181 was associated with neuron loss in the spinal cord (rho = 0.46, p = 0.017), but not in the motor cortex (p = 0.41). Cerebrospinal spinal fluid p‐tau181 and plasma neurofilament light chain were included as reference analytes, and demonstrate specificity of findings.

Interpretation

We found strong evidence that plasma p‐tau181 is elevated in ALS and may be a novel marker specific to LMN dysfunction. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:807–818
Neuartige Poxin‐stabile cGAMP‐Derivate als bemerkenswerte STING‐Agonisten
Authors: Stazzoni Samuele , Böhmer Daniel F. R. , Hernichel Fabian , Özdemir Dilara , Pappa Aikaterini , Drexler David , Bauernfried Stefan , Witte Gregor , Wagner Mirko , Veth Simon , Hopfner Karl‐Peter , Hornung Veit , König Lars M. , Carell Thomas
Published: July 2022

2′,3′‐cGAMP ist ein zyklischer A‐ und G‐haltiger Dinukleotid‐Botenstoff, der bei der zellulären Erkennung fremder zytosolischer DNA als Teil der angeborenen Immunantwort gebildet wird. Das Molekül bindet an das Adapterprotein STING, welches eine Immunantwort auslöst, die durch die Produktion von Typ‐I‐Interferonen und Zytokinen gekennzeichnet ist. Die Entwicklung von STING‐bindenden Molekülen mit sowohl agonistischen als auch antagonistischen Eigenschaften ist derzeit von großem Interesse, um einerseits eine antitumorale oder antivirale Immunantwort zu induzieren bzw. zu verstärken und andererseits Autoimmunerkrankungen zu behandeln. Um der Erkennung durch das angeborene Wirtsimmunsystem zu entgehen, kodieren einige Viren Poxin‐Endonukleasen, die in der Lage sind 2′,3′‐cGAMP zu spalten. Hier berichten wir, dass Didesoxy‐2′,3′‐cGAMP (1) und dessen Analoga eine Gruppe von Poxin‐stabilen STING‐Agonisten bilden. Trotz ihrer geringeren Affinität zu STING weist insbesondere die aus zwei A‐Nukleosiden aufgebaute Verbindung Didesoxy‐2′,3′‐cAAMP (2) eine ungewöhnlich hohe Antitumorreaktion bei Mäusen auf.
Catalytic Applications of Non‐Centrosymmetric Oxide Nanomaterials
Authors: Amaechi Ifeanyichukwu C. , Hadj Youssef Azza , Dörfler Andreas , González Yoandris , Katoch Rajesh , Ruediger Andreas
Published: July 2022

Noble‐metal‐free catalytic nanoparticles hold the promise being abundant, low‐cost materials having a small environmental footprint and excellent performance, albeit inferior to that of noble metal counterparts. Several materials have a long‐standing history of success in photocatalysis, in particular titanium dioxide, and in recent years more complex oxides and added functionality have emerged with enhanced performance. We will discuss different approaches related to the use of non‐centrosymmetric and polar oxide nanoparticles and how the bulk photovoltaic effect, piezoelectricity, and pyroelectricity add to photocatalysis and tribocatalysis. We pay special attention to discriminate between the role of free versus that of bound charges within the catalyst, which is crucial to disentangle the different contributions to the catalytic reaction for the benefit of the overall enhanced catalytic performance in e.g. wastewater treatment and ultimately water‐splitting.
Synthesis of Hydrofluoroolefin‐Based Iodonium Reagent via Dyotropic Rearrangement and Its Utilization in Fluoroalkylation
Authors: Csenki János T. , Tóth Balázs L. , Béke Ferenc , Varga Bálint , P. Fehér Péter , Stirling András , Czégény Zsuzsanna , Bényei Attila , Novák Zoltán
Published: July 2022

[1,2]‐shift of atoms in alkyl fragments belongs to the class of dyotropic rearrangements. Various atoms, including halogens can be involved in the migration, however participation of iodine is unprecedented. Herein, we report our experimental and DFT studies on the oxidation triggered dyotropic rearrangement of iodo and chloro functions via butterfly‐type transition state to demonstrate the migrating ability of λ3‐iodane centre. With the exploitation of dyotropic rearrangement we designed and synthesized a novel fluoroalkyl iodonium reagent from industrial feedstock gas HFO‐1234yf. We demonstrated that the hypervalent reagent serves as an excellent fluoroalkylation agent for various amines and nitrogen heterocycles.
Characterization of chitosan/polyethylenimine film layer as a novel anti‐fog coating surface
Authors: Türk Serbülent
Published: July 2022

Anti‐fog surfaces have an important place in many areas of daily life. In this study, hybrid coatings of anti‐fog chitosan (CHI) and polyethyleneimine (PI) were realized as an innovative film layer. CHI/PI hybrid coatings, produced by the drop‐casting method, which is a practical and one‐stage deposition process, were coated on the glass and safety glasses substrates. It has been analyzed that the optimum CHI/PI coating is 2:3 (v/v) mixing ratio, which has a contact angle of 4.9°, a hydrodynamic radius of 5.67 nm, and zeta potential of 38.8 mV. It was analyzed that the coating was successfully performed on the surface by FTIR analysis. It was observed that the coating surfaces were obtained as homogeneous and smooth with FESEM and surface profilometer analyzes. Both steam and cold fog tests were carried out to determine the anti‐fogging properties of different surfaces after coating. After the anti‐fog tests, the CHI/PI coating had high‐transmittance values in the range of 85.9% and 84.6%. After the coatings were exposed to hot‐cold environment cycles and subjected to long‐term stability testing, the coatings retained their anti‐fog properties.
Photocatalytic Addition Reactions of Ketene Silyl Acetals with Alkenes through Formation of α‐Carbonyl Radicals
Authors: Hirata Tsubasa , Ogasawara Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Shū , Yamashita Yasuhiro
Published: July 2022

Addition reactions of ketene silyl acetals with alkenes that do not have an electron‐withdrawing group are generally difficult because the nucleophilicity of ketene silyl acetals and the electrophilicity of alkenes are not sufficient. Herein, we report photocatalytic addition reactions of ketene silyl acetals with alkenes that proceed through formation of α‐carbonyl radicals. In the presence of an appropriate protic additive, the reactions proceeded smoothly under blue‐light irradiation to afford the desired products in moderate to high yields.
Abbruchstatik nach VDI‐Richtlinie 6210 Blatt 9 – Erläuterungen und Anwendungsbeispiel
Authors: Harte Reinhard , Andres Matthias
Published: July 2022

Bei der Beseitigung einer baulichen Anlage erhebt sich häufig die Frage, in welchen Fällen die Standsicherheit des Bauwerks in den einzelnen Abbruchstadien nachzuweisen ist, d. h., ob eine Abbruch‐ bzw. Rückbaustatik notwendig wird oder nicht. Hierzu hat der Verein Deutscher Ingenieure VDI die Richtlinie VDI 6210 Blatt 9 herausgegeben, über die hier berichtet werden soll. Die praktische Anwendung der Richtlinie wird anhand eines spektakulären Projekts vorgestellt, der emissionsarmen Beseitigung des Naturzugkühlturms des ehemaligen Kernkraftwerks Mülheim‐Kärlich.
Tools for simultaneous online and in‐person teaching in a Linear Circuit Analysis subject
Authors: Fernández César , Vicente M. Asunción
Published: July 2022

During the first semester of 2020–2021, classes for Linear Circuit Analysis subjects (Mechanical Engineering Degree, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Spain) were taught in a dual way because of the COVID‐19 pandemic: students were able to attend in‐person or online, as long as the in‐person attendance limit was not surpassed. The same strategy was used for exams: each student decided whether to take the exam in‐person or online. Specific software tools were used for the in‐advance seat reservation and simultaneous online and in‐person class attendance, and examination tools and strategies, with a special emphasis on avoiding online cheating. Online attendance was preferred by students (averaging 64.9% of global attendance for lectures and 84.5% for exams), with abrupt increases during the worst episodes of the pandemic. Video recordings of the lectures were made available to all of the students, with the most viewed video being accessed over 200 times. Concerning evaluation, no statistically significant differences were found between in‐person or online average examination marks (p = .133), which may be an indicator of low online cheating. Student feedback showed their satisfaction with the dual teaching strategy, despite their initial doubts at the beginning of the course.
Selective Exoenzymatic Labeling of Lipooligosaccharides of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with α2,6‐Sialoside Analogues
Authors: de Jong Hanna , Moure Maria J. , Hartman Jet E. M. , Bosman Gerlof P. , Ong Jun Yang , Bardoel Bart W. , Boons Geert‐Jan , Wösten Marc M. S. M. , Wennekes Tom
Published: July 2022

The interactions between bacteria and their host often rely on recognition processes that involve host or bacterial glycans. Glycoengineering techniques make it possible to modify and study the glycans on the host's eukaryotic cells, but only a few are available for the study of bacterial glycans. Here, we have adapted selective exoenzymatic labeling (SEEL), a chemical reporter strategy, to label the lipooligosaccharides of the bacterial pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae, using the recombinant glycosyltransferase ST6Gal1, and three synthetic CMP‐sialic acid derivatives. We show that SEEL treatment does not affect cell viability and can introduce an α2,6‐linked sialic acid with a reporter group on the lipooligosaccharides by Western blot, flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. This new bacterial glycoengineering technique allows for the precise modification, here with α2,6‐sialoside derivatives, and direct detection of specific surface glycans on live bacteria, which will aid in further unravelling the precise biological functions of bacterial glycans.