bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing the Paleoproterozoic Heart of Nuna, from Fennoscandia to Northeastern Laurentia
Authors: Johnston S. T. , Lahtinen R. , Saumur B. M. , Guarnieri P.
Published: June 2023

Accurate palaeogeographical reconstructions of past supercontinents are necessary to test models of supercontinent cyclicity, secular variation in plate tectonics and mantle geodynamics. However, numerous factors limit our ability to reconstruct past supercontinents as is evident in the ongoing debates regarding the construction phase and geometry of Earth's most recent supercontinent, late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic Pangaea. An important factor in these debates, and a focus of our study is how best to palinspastically restore, in section and in plan-view, the orogenic belts along which supercontinents were stitched together. We utilize the orogenic belts spanning Baffin Island, Greenland and Fennoscandia that are inferred to record the assembly of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Columbia to test the accepted reconstruction of the Nuna core of Columbia. We show that as reconstructed in the Nuna model, each of Baffin Island, Greenland (with some complications) and Fennoscandia are characterized by an older cratonic backstop that gives way to younger accretionary complexes toward the inferred oceanic domain that lay to the south and which is inferred to have closed by subduction beneath northeastern Laurentia–Fennoscandia during Columbia assembly. This southward transition from cratonic backstop to accretionary orogen is a hallmark of upper plates in modern convergent plate margins and is consistent with the construction of the Columbia supercontinent, including its Nuna core, through plate tectonic processes, and provides a broad validation of the Nuna reconstruction and hence for Columbia as a whole. Map view curvature of the cratonic backstops is restricted to long wavelength, open bends consistent with the Archean crust having been characterized by significant lithospheric strength. The more accretionary southern portions of Nuna are, however, characterized by sinuous orogens that developed by oroclinal bending of formerly more linear belts, significantly complicating their palinspastic restoration and rendering detailed correlation of juvenile orogenic belts across Nuna problematic.
Deep Transfer Learning‐Based Foot No‐Ball Detection in Live Cricket Match
Authors: Das Sudhakar , Mahmud Tanjim , Islam Dilshad , Begum Manoara , Barua Anik , Tarek Aziz Mohammad , Nur Showan Eshatur , Dey Lily , Chakma Eipshita
Published: June 2023

Automation in every part of life has become a frequent situation because of the rapid advancement of technology, mostly driven by AI technology, and has helped facilitate improved decision‐making. Machine learning and the deep learning subset of AI provide machines with the capacity to make judgments on their own through a continuous learning process from vast amounts of data. To decrease human mistakes while making critical choices and to improve knowledge of the game, AI‐based technologies are now being implemented in numerous sports, including cricket, football, basketball, and others. Out of the most globally popular games in the world, cricket has a stronghold on the hearts of its fans. A broad range of technologies are being discovered and employed in cricket by the grace of AI to make fair choices as a method of helping on‐field umpires because cricket is an unpredictable game, anything may happen in an instant, and a bad judgment can dramatically shift the game. Hence, a smart system can end the controversy caused just because of this error and create a healthy playing environment. Regarding this problem, our proposed framework successfully provides an automatic no‐ball detection with 0.98 accuracy which incorporates data collection, processing, augmentation, enhancement, modeling, and evaluation. This study starts with collecting data and later keeps only the main portion of bowlers’ end by cropping it. Then, image enhancement technique are implied to make the image data more clear and noise free. After applying the image processing technique, we finally trained and tested the optimized CNN. Furthermore, we have increased the accuracy by using several modified pretrained model. Here, in this study, VGG16 and VGG19 achieved 0.98 accuracy and we considered VGG16 as the proposed model as it outperformed considering recall value.
Root Resorption of the Permanent Central Incisor through Ectopic Eruption of the Maxillary Canine
Authors: Paixão Maria Pires Machado , Moreira Kelly Maria Silva , Navarro Ricardo Scarparo , de Oliveira Suzana Cavalcanti Monteiro , Imparato José Carlos Pettorossi , Reis Juliana Braga
Published: June 2023

Although ectopic eruption of the maxillary canine has a low prevalence, a late diagnosis can have serious consequences. A careful clinical examination, assisted with radiographic examination, ensures early diagnosis, facilitates planning, and minimizes possible adverse consequences. This study reports a case of ectopic eruption of the permanent maxillary canine, with complete root resorption of the central permanent incisor, the consequences of which caused functional, aesthetic, and psychological harms to the patient. The procedures used included canine ectopic remodeling of the ectopic canine in the central incisor and orthodontic correction, which treated the anomaly and rebuilt the patient’s self-esteem.
Somatic Symptoms of Depression Lose Association with Mortality upon Adjustment for Frailty: Analysis from the Fitness Haemodialysis Cohort
Authors: Anderson Benjamin M. , Qasim Muhammad , Correa Gonzalo , Evison Felicity , Gallier Suzy , Ferro Charles J. , Jackson Thomas A. , Sharif Adnan
Published: June 2023

Introduction. The somatic symptom component of depression is associated with increased hospitalisation and mortality and poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, the relationship of subsets of depression symptoms with frailty and outcomes is not known. This study aimed to (1) explore the relationship between the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and components of depression and (2) their association with mortality, hospitalisation, and HRQOL in haemodialysis recipients. Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study of prevalent haemodialysis recipients, with deep bio-clinical phenotyping including CFS and PHQ-9 somatic (fatigue, poor appetite, and poor sleep) and cognitive component scores. EuroQol EQ-5D summary index assessed HRQOL at the baseline. Electronic linkage to English national administration datasets ensured robust follow-up data for hospitalisation and mortality events. Findings. Somatic (β = 0.067; 95% C.I. 0.029 to 0.104;

P
<
0.001

) and cognitive (β = 0.062; 95% C.I. 0.034 to 0.089; P<0.001) components were associated with increased CFS scores. Both somatic (β = −0.062; 95% C.I. −0.104 to −0.021; P<0.001) and cognitive (β = 0.052; 95% C.I. −0.081 to −0.024;

P
<
0.001

) scores were associated with lower HRQOL. Somatic scores lost mortality association on addition of CFS to the multivariable model (HR1.06; 95% C.I. 0.977 to 1.14;

P
=
0.173

). Cognitive symptoms were not associated with mortality. Neither the component score was associated with hospitalisation on multivariable analyses. Conclusions. Both somatic and cognitive depression symptoms are associated with frailty and poorer HRQOL in haemodialysis recipients but were not associated with mortality or hospitalisation when adjusted for frailty. The risk profile of depression somatic scores may be related to overlap with symptoms of frailty.
Moisture Sorption Behavior and Effects of Temperature, Slice Thickness, and Loading Density on Drying Kinetics of a Local Sweet Potato Cultivar Grown in Bangladesh
Authors: Kamal Mirza Sahria , Shakil Md , Akter Tanjina , Yasmin Sabina , Saeid Abu , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin
Published: June 2023

This study is aimed at investigating the moisture sorption behavior and thin-layer drying kinetics of local sweet potato sada (LSPS) variety slices. The sweet potato tubers were sliced at 3, 5, and 7 mm and dried at temperatures of 45, 55, and 62°C at a constant air velocity of 0.6 m/sec in a laboratory-scale cabinet dryer. The BET (Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller) and GAB (Guggenheim-Anderson-De Bore) models were applied to fit the sorption data. Fick’s diffusion equation was used to calculate the drying rate constant and effective moisture diffusivity. Our current result reveals that LSPS exhibited an isotherm with a sigmoid (type II) shape, and the GAB model was more goodness of fit than the BET model to clarify the adsorption isotherm of LSPS. The drying time increased with increasing slice thickness but reduced with increasing drying temperature. The drying rate constant for thin-layer drying decreased with an increase in slice thickness but increased with increasing drying temperature. The loading density with two different shapes (French cut and cube cut) also affected the drying rate constant, which decreased with the increase in loading density. Using statistical parameters, five thin-layer drying models were applied to fit the drying data. The findings indicated that the logarithmic model for 45-55°C and the Page model for 62°C were the most suitable models for explaining the drying behavior of LSPS slices. The effective moisture diffusivity increased with increasing slice thickness and drying temperature, ranging from

7.10
×

10

−
11

to

1.55
×

10

−
10

 m2/s over the temperature range studied. The activation energy also increased with increasing slice thickness, and the values were 5.55 and 7.39 kJ/mol for 3 and 5 mm slices, respectively. The findings suggested that slice thickness, drying temperature, and sample loading density on cabinet dryer trays affect the drying kinetics of sweet potato slices.
Seismic Behaviour of Multistorey Steel Framed Tall Buildings Using Intentionally Eccentric Braces
Authors: Gholizadeh Nima , Fu Feng
Published: June 2023

Braces with intentional eccentricity (BIE) are recently proposed to improve the seismic behaviour of conventional buckling braces (CBBs) by inserting intentional eccentricity along the brace length. Due to this eccentricity and the resultant bending moment, the BIE bends uniformly from small storey drifts and moves smoothly into the postbuckling behaviour under compression and sustains trilinear behaviour under tension. This behaviour delays the appearance of midlength local buckling which causes unstable energy dissipation. BIEs have a desirable postyielding stiffness which results in stable energy dissipation during cyclic loading and are capable of dissipating energy during low-intensity earthquakes. The seismic behaviour of structures with BIEs for use in buildings has not yet been investigated, specifically in tall buildings. Therefore, this study concentrates on investigating the seismic behaviour of tall buildings equipped with BIEs that uses a 3-dimensional (3D) finite element model in ETABS. In the first step, a 20-storey structure is designed using both eccentric brace frame (EBF) and BIE system and their seismic performance under the TABAS earthquake record is compared. In the second step, the seismic performance of a 25-storey irregular structure is assessed to evaluate the efficiency of the BIE system in irregular structures. Results show the desirable performance and energy dissipation capacity of the BIE system but it also shows large out-of-plane deformation in some cases.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Hypertension: A Systemic Analysis of Various ACE Inhibitors, Their Side Effects, and Bioactive Peptides as a Putative Therapy for Hypertension
Authors: Ahmad Hafiz , Khan Huma , Haque Shabirul , Ahmad Shameem , Srivastava Namita , Khan Azhar
Published: June 2023

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart attack, produce atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), congestive heart failure, stroke, kidney infection, blindness, end-stage renal infection, and cardiovascular diseases. Many mechanisms are involved in causing hypertension, i.e., via calcium channels, alpha and beta receptors, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). RAS has an important role in blood pressure control and is also involved in the metabolism of glucose, homeostasis, and balance of electrolytes in the body. The components of RAS that are involved in the regulation of blood pressure are angiotensinogen, Ang I (angiotensin I), Ang II (angiotensin II), ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), and ACE 2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). These components provide for relevant therapeutic targets for the treatment of hypertension, and various drugs are commercially available that target individual components of RAS. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and ACE inhibitors are the most popular among these drugs. ACE is chosen in this review as it makes an important target for blood pressure control because it converts Ang I into Ang II and also acts on the vasodilator, bradykinin, to degrade it into inactive peptides. This review highlights various aspects of blood pressure regulation in the body with a focus on ACE, drugs targeting the components involved in regulation, their associated side effects, and a need to shift to alternative therapy for putative hypertension treatment in the form of bioactive peptides from food.
Research on the Distribution of Emergency Supplies during the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Zheng Jian-guo , Yang Qing , Chen Shui-lin
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 virus spreads quickly and is highly contagious, and the timeliness of emergency supplies is extremely demanding, so adequate and efficient emergency supplies have become a necessary prerequisite for strict prevention and control during the outbreak. However, the available research results are still relatively few, and using the brain storm optimization algorithm to solve the emergency supplies distribution problem is still blank. In order to optimize the emergency supplies distribution system in the context of COVID-19, this paper studies the open vehicle routing problem by considering the load weight constraints, demand constraints, and time window constraints. With the shortest total distribution distance as the objective function, a mathematical model of mixed integer linear programming is established, and the crossover operation of the genetic algorithm, the destruction operator and the repair operator of the large neighborhood search algorithm are introduced in the brain storm optimization algorithm to enhance the diversity of the solution while making the solution toward the optimal direction. Through the verification of two sets of examples, we found that compared with the other 13 solution algorithms, the solution capability and solution efficiency of the brain storm optimization algorithm are better than the comparison algorithms, which can significantly reduce the length of the distribution route and lower the distribution cost, and has excellent convergence and stability. Meanwhile, it can effectively improve the distribution efficiency of emergency supplies, which is of great significance to help the emergency reception and regular prevention and control during the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic. In addition, it has the necessary guidance for the improvement of personnel efficiency in the supply chain and logistics industry.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Single-Cell Evolutionary Analysis Reveals Drivers of Plasticity and Mediators of Chemoresistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wollenzien Hannah , Afeworki Tecleab Yohannes , Szczepaniak-Sloane Robert , Restaino Anthony , Kareta Michael S.
Published: June 2023

Expression and validation of AP-1 family genes in late tumor development.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Single-Cell Evolutionary Analysis Reveals Drivers of Plasticity and Mediators of Chemoresistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wollenzien Hannah , Afeworki Tecleab Yohannes , Szczepaniak-Sloane Robert , Restaino Anthony , Kareta Michael S.
Published: June 2023

Cell cycle stage assignment of the SCLC cells from the autochthonous model.
Data from Single-Cell Evolutionary Analysis Reveals Drivers of Plasticity and Mediators of Chemoresistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wollenzien Hannah , Afeworki Tecleab Yohannes , Szczepaniak-Sloane Robert , Restaino Anthony , Kareta Michael S.
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is often a heterogeneous tumor, where dynamic regulation of key transcription factors can drive multiple populations of phenotypically different cells which contribute differentially to tumor dynamics. This tumor is characterized by a very low 2-year survival rate, high rates of metastasis, and rapid acquisition of chemoresistance. The heterogeneous nature of this tumor makes it difficult to study and to treat, as it is not clear how or when this heterogeneity arises. Here we describe temporal, single-cell analysis of SCLC to investigate tumor initiation and chemoresistance in both SCLC xenografts and an autochthonous SCLC model. We identify an early population of tumor cells with high expression of AP-1 network genes that are critical for tumor growth. Furthermore, we have identified and validated the cancer testis antigens (CTA) PAGE5 and GAGE2A as mediators of chemoresistance in human SCLC. CTAs have been successfully targeted in other tumor types and may be a promising avenue for targeted therapy in SCLC.
Implications:
Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of SCLC can shed light on key mechanisms such as cellular plasticity, heterogeneity, and chemoresistance.
Table S3 from CD69 Imposes Tumor-Specific CD8+ T-cell Fate in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes
Authors: Koyama-Nasu Ryo , Kimura Motoko Y. , Kiuchi Masahiro , Aoki Ami , Wang Yangsong , Mita Yukiyoshi , Hasegawa Ichita , Endo Yukihiro , Onodera Atsushi , Hirahara Kiyoshi , Motohashi Shinichiro , Nakayama Toshinori
Published: June 2023

Table S3
Supplementary Figure 6 from Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Influence on Soluble and Membrane-Bound ICOS in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Li Jingjing , Zheng Yue , Lee Sandra J. , Zhou Jun , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Butterfield Lisa H. , Dranoff Glenn , Hodi F. Stephen
Published: June 2023

Supplementary figure 6
Data from Optimizing Precision Medicine for Breast Cancer Brain Metastases with Functional Drug Response Assessment
Authors: Morikawa Aki , Li Jinju , Ulintz Peter , Cheng Xu , Apfel Athena , Robinson Dan , Hopkins Alex , Kumar-Sinha Chandan , Wu Yi-Mi , Serhan Habib , Verbal Kait , Thomas Dafydd , Hayes Daniel F. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Baladandayuthapani Veerabhadran , Heth Jason , Soellner Matthew B. , Merajver Sofia D. , Merrill Nathan
Published: June 2023

The development of novel therapies for brain metastases is an unmet need. Brain metastases may have unique molecular features that could be explored as therapeutic targets. A better understanding of the drug sensitivity of live cells coupled to molecular analyses will lead to a rational prioritization of therapeutic candidates. We evaluated the molecular profiles of 12 breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) and matched primary breast tumors to identify potential therapeutic targets. We established six novel patient-derived xenograft (PDX) from BCBM from patients undergoing clinically indicated surgical resection of BCBM and used the PDXs as a drug screening platform to interrogate potential molecular targets. Many of the alterations were conserved in brain metastases compared with the matched primary. We observed differential expressions in the immune-related and metabolism pathways. The PDXs from BCBM captured the potentially targetable molecular alterations in the source brain metastases tumor. The alterations in the PI3K pathway were the most predictive for drug efficacy in the PDXs. The PDXs were also treated with a panel of over 350 drugs and demonstrated high sensitivity to histone deacetylase and proteasome inhibitors. Our study revealed significant differences between the paired BCBM and primary breast tumors with the pathways involved in metabolisms and immune functions. While molecular targeted drug therapy based on genomic profiling of tumors is currently evaluated in clinical trials for patients with brain metastases, a functional precision medicine strategy may complement such an approach by expanding potential therapeutic options, even for BCBM without known targetable molecular alterations.
Significance:
Examining genomic alterations and differentially expressed pathways in brain metastases may inform future therapeutic strategies. This study supports genomically-guided therapy for BCBM and further investigation into incorporating real-time functional evaluation will increase confidence in efficacy estimations during drug development and predictive biomarker assessment for BCBM.
Using Clinical Scales and Digital Measures to Explore Falls in Patients with Lewy Body Dementia
Authors: Battioui Chakib , Man Albert , Pugh Melissa , Wang Jian , Dang Xiangnan , Zhang Hui , Ardayfio Paul , Munsie Leanne , Hake Ann Marie , Biglan Kevin M
Published: June 2023

Introduction: PRESENCE was a phase 2 clinical trial assessing the efficacy of mevidalen, a D1 receptor positive allosteric modulator, for symptomatic treatment of Lewy body dementia (LBD). Mevidalen demonstrated improvements in motor and non-motor features of LBD, global functioning, and actigraphy-measured activity and daytime sleep. Adverse events (AEs) of fall were numerically increased in mevidalen-treated participants. Methods: A subset of PRESENCE participants wore a wrist actigraphy device for 2-week periods pre-, during, and posttreatment. Actigraphy sleep and activity measures were derived per period and analyzed to assess for their association with participants’ reports of an AE of fall. Prespecified baseline and treatment-emergent clinical characteristics were also included in the retrospective analysis of falls. Independent-samples t test and χ2 test were performed to compare the means and proportions between individuals with/without falls. Results: A trend toward more falls was observed with mevidalen treatment (31/258 mevidalen-treated vs. 4/86 in placebo-treated participants: p = 0.12). Higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05), more severe disease measured by baseline Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part II (p < 0.05), and a trend toward improved Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale 13 (ADAS-Cog13) (p = 0.06) were associated with individuals with falls. No statistically significant associations with falls and treatment-emergent changes were observed. Conclusion: The association of falls with worse baseline disease severity and higher BMI and overall trend toward improvements on cognitive and motor scales suggest that falls in PRESENCE may be related to increased activity in mevidalen-treated participants at greater risk for falling. Future studies to confirm this hypothesis using fall diaries and digital assessments are necessary.
The Effect of Environmental Performance, Political Visibility, Environmental Cost on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure
Authors: Nurhayati Enung , Hamzah Amir , Tansyah Garmanah Intan
Published: June 2023

The aim of this research is to analyze and obtain empirical facts regarding Environmental Performance, Political Visibility, and Environmental Costs on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. The population in this study consists of annual reports and financial statements of 18 manufacturing companies in the Textile and Garment Sub-Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2018. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling in the form of quota sampling. Therefore, the sample in this study consists of 16 companies with a total of 80 observation data. The method used is descriptive and verificative with quantitative data. The analysis techniques used in this study are descriptive analysis, classical assumption tests, panel data regression analysis, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing using the Eviews ver.9.0 application program. The results show that Environmental Performance partially has a significant positive effect on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. Political Visibility partially has a significant positive effect on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. Environmental Costs partially have a significant positive effect on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure.
Delphi Consensus on Reporting Standards in Clinical Studies for Endovascular Treatment of Acute Iliofemoral Venous Thrombosis and Chronic Iliofemoral Venous Obstruction
Authors: Vedantham Suresh , Gloviczki Peter , Carman Teresa L. , Zelman Lewis Sandra , Schneider Peter A. , Sabri Saher S. , Kolluri Raghu
Published: June 2023

Acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis and chronic iliofemoral venous obstruction cause substantial patient harm and are increasingly managed with endovascular venous interventions, including percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy and stent placement. However, studies of these treatment elements have not been designed and reported with sufficient rigor to support confident conclusions about their clinical utility. In this project, the Trustworthy consensus-based statement approach was utilized to develop, via a structured process, consensus-based statements to guide future investigators of venous interventions. Thirty statements were drafted to encompass major topics relevant to venous study description and design, safety outcome assessment, efficacy outcome assessment, and topics specific to evaluating percutaneous venous thrombectomy and stent placement. Using modified Delphi techniques for consensus achievement, a panel of physician experts in vascular disease voted on the statements and succeeded in reaching the predefined threshold of >80% consensus (agreement or strong agreement) on all 30 statements. It is hoped that the guidance from these statements will improve standardization, objectivity, and patient-centered relevance in the reporting of clinical outcomes of endovascular interventions for acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis and chronic iliofemoral venous obstruction in clinical studies and thereby enhance venous patient care.
Bevacizumab-Induced Hypertension in Glioblastoma Patients and Its Potential as a Modulator of Treatment Response
Authors: Scheer Kaitlin G. , Ebert Lisa M. , Samuel Michael S. , Bonder Claudine S. , Gomez Guillermo A.
Published: June 2023

Glioblastoma invasion is the primary mechanism responsible for its dismal prognosis and is the direct result of interactions between glioblastoma cells and the tumor vasculature. The dysregulated microvasculature in glioblastoma tumors and vessels co-opted from surrounding brain tissue support rapid tumor growth and are utilized as pathways for invasive cancer cells. Attempts to target the glioblastoma vasculature with antiangiogenic agents (eg, bevacizumab) have nonetheless shown limited and inconsistent efficacy, and the underlying causes of such heterogeneous responses remain unknown. Several studies have identified that patients with glioblastoma who develop hypertension following treatment with bevacizumab show significant improvement in overall survival compared with normotensive nonresponders. Here we review these findings and discuss the potential of hypertension as a biomarker for glioblastoma treatment response in individual patients and the role of hypertension as a modulator of interactions between tumor cells and cells in the perivascular niche. We suggest that a better understanding of the actions of bevacizumab and hypertension at the cellular level will contribute to developing more effective personalized therapies that address glioblastoma tumor cell invasion.
Between Preaching and Judging: the Muslim Brotherhood and the Predicament of takfīr (1960s–1980s)
Authors: Elsässer Sebastian
Published: June 2023

Both as a slogan and a book, “Preachers, not Judges” has long dominated academic narratives about the Muslim Brotherhood’s turn towards ‘moderation’ in the 1970s and 1980s. However, upon examination, several commonplace assumptions about “Preachers, not Judges” do not hold. Firstly, the Muslim Brotherhood never renounced takfīr as a basic doctrine. It only debated different ways of implementing this doctrine in practice. Secondly, “Preachers, not Judges” was much less clear and authoritative as a doctrinal statement than often assumed. It is better understood as a tactical manoeuvre aimed at avoiding splits within the movement. Based primarily on a new and comprehensive survey of contemporary sources from the 1970s, this article will propose a revised understanding of Muslim Brotherhood discourse on preaching, judging, and the doctrine of takfīr that remains relevant until the present day.
La circulation des modèles bibliques entre chrétiens et juifs au Moyen Âge: L’exemple de la figure de Rachel
Authors: Neyrinck Axelle
Published: June 2023

L’article porte sur la figure de Rachel et les modes d’appropriation variés de la matriarche en contexte chrétien. Cette étude de cas permet d’observer la circulation d’un type biblique dans un contexte de relations interculturelles dissymétriques. Il ne s’agit pas d’esquisser une histoire des moyens techniques de cette circulation mais de montrer que celle-ci dépend de la mutabilité de la figure de Rachel, c’est-à-dire de sa capacité à prendre sens dans des contextes et des sources variées. Comme d’autres figures bibliques, elle fait l’objet d’une lutte d’appropriation entre juifs et chrétiens aux premiers siècles de notre ère. À l’époque carolingienne, l’exégèse chrétienne en fait le typus Ecclesiae; à l’époque grégorienne, elle devient mater Ecclesia, et constitue une “image ecclésiologique,” à l’instar de la Vierge. Dans quelques sources chrétiennes, elle est même appelée “vierge.” Ainsi, Rachel est “marianisée” dans la culture chrétienne majoritaire, ce qui n’est pas sans effet sur les conceptions juives de Rachel à partir du onzième siècle.
Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Mehrotra Rahul , Chavanich Suchana , Monchanin Coline , Jualaong Suthep , Hoeksema Bert W.
Published: June 2023

Dendrophylliidae represents one of the most speciose families of scleractinian coral, expressing a wide range of morphological and ecological traits. Recent phylogenetic analyses of the family have indicated that several conventional genera are in need of revision. In the Gulf of Thailand, dendrophylliids are predominantly found on hard-substrate reefs and pinnacles, or on soft-substrate habitats. Soft-substrate habitats in the Gulf of Thailand have been shown to host unique species assemblages and faunal ecology. Here we provided an updated phylogenetic hypothesis for the Dendrophylliidae based on newly sequenced species, and analyses integrating morphology, genetics and ecology. High-resolution Micro-ct was used to create digital versions of the studied species, allowing for non-destructive examination of internal and external features. Our findings allowed for a taxonomic assessment of the genera Heteropsammia and Tubastraea, with the species Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) stimpsonii, moved to the genus Tubastraea. They also support the polyphyly of Dendrophyllia and Cladopsammia. In-situ surveys provided population-density information for four dendrophylliid species from soft substrate habitats, indicating that the species Heteropsammia moretonensis may be the most widespread within the Gulf of Thailand. These surveys also provided novel ecological documentation associated with these corals, including protocooperative feeding upon a sea pen by Tubastraea stimpsonii comb. nov., and feeding upon other cnidarians by Heteropsammia spp.
Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: Challenge and Future Options to Address Anthropogenic Underwater Noise
Authors: Maruf Maruf
Published: June 2023

The ocean, which plays an essential role in supporting human life, continues to deteriorate due to anthropogenic underwater noise. This unseen form of pollution is a significant emergent threat to marine and coastal biodiversity. Substantial discussions have occurred on the problem under the Convention on Biological Diversity (cbd) yet further action is needed. The adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (gbf) in 2022 provides a potential partial solution to address the problem. This article reviews the current development of the gbf concerning the protection of the marine environment, particularly from the threat of anthropogenic underwater noise. It is argued that the gbf, along with its monitoring framework, could provide an opportunity to strengthen further action for the conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity against this problem. The importance of capacity-building to ensure that developing countries have the capacity to address anthropogenic underwater noise is emphasized.
A strategy for extending the processing temperature for polypropylene in foam extrusion and its theoretical validation
Authors: He Muzhen , Hu Shengfei
Published: June 2023

The quite narrow PP foaming temperature window is the main challenge for continuous extrusion foaming of polypropylene (PP) using supercritical CO2. In this study, high impact polystyrene (HIPS) is added to PP to widen the polypropylene foaming temperature range by reducing the temperature sensitivity of the melt strength of the blend. The behavior of crystalline, dynamic rheology, and extensional rheological of PP/HIPS blends are analyzed. The results show that the crystallinity and crystallization temperature of PP/HIPS blends decreased significantly, the temperature dependence of the blends’ extensional viscosity and melt strength became weaker, and the activation energy of extensional viscosity and melt strength activation energy decreased, while the elastic modulus and viscosity and the system relaxation time increased. It means that the addition of HIPS reduces the crystallinity of PP, improves the cell morphology and to a certain extent overcomes the problem of a sharp decrease in PP melt strength with increasing temperature. The addition of HIPS extends the foaming temperature range of the PP material from 4 K to a maximum of 12 K. Furthermore, we simply estimated the temperature window for extruded foams using the Arrhenius equation. The estimated values have the same trend as the experimental results and are analyzed.
Counterirritation by Pain Inhibits Responses to and Perception of Aversive Loud Tones
Authors: Metzger Silvia , Horn-Hofmann Claudia , Lautenbacher Stefan
Published: June 2023

The application of a noxious stimulus reduces the perception of other noxious stimuli, which can be assessed by an experimental method called “counterirritation.” The question arises whether this type of inhibition also affects the processing of other aversive (but not nociceptive) stimuli, such as loud tones. If aversiveness or, in other words, negative emotional valence qualifies a stimulus to be affected by counterirritation, the general emotional context may also play a role in modulating counterirritation effects. We involved 63 participants in this study ( M age = 38.8, SD = 10.5 years; 33 males, 30 females). We tried to counterirritate their perceptual and startle reactions to aversively loud tones (105 db) by immersing the hand into a painful hot water bath (46°C) in two emotional valence conditions (i.e., a neutral and a negative valence block in which we showed either neutral pictures or pictures of burn wounds). We assessed Inhibition by loudness ratings and startle reflex amplitudes. Counterirritation significantly reduced both loudness ratings and startle reflex amplitudes. The emotional context manipulation did not affect this clear inhibitory effect, showing that counterirritation by a noxious stimulus affects aversive sensations not induced by nociceptive stimuli. Thus, the assumption that “pain inhibits pain” should be widened to “pain inhibits the processing of aversive stimuli.” This broadened understanding of counterirritation leads to a questioning of the postulate of clear pain specificity in paradigms like “conditioned pain modulation” (CPM) or “diffuse noxious inhibitory controls” (DNIC).
Social Media Use and Early Adolescents’ Academic Achievement: Variations by Parent-Adolescent Communication and Gender
Authors: Gordon Mellissa S. , Ohannessian Christine McCauley
Published: June 2023

Research investigating social media use typically focus on late adolescents and young adults, despite a growing number of early adolescents, 93% to 97%—having at least one social media platform. Also, early adolescents are more likely to engage with newer sites, such as Snapchat and Instagram, than older platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. Given the evolving landscape of social media, the present study examines the impact of the use of various social media platforms, along with its moderating effects, on adolescents’ academic achievement, using a sample of N = 1,459 early adolescents. Results were such that, as frequency of use on each platform: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat increased, academic achievement decreased. Specific to interaction effects, frequent use of Facebook and Instagram and early adolescents’ academic achievement were moderated by motheradolescent communication; while gender moderated the association between frequent use of Twitter and Snapchat and early adolescents’ academic achievement. Implications are discussed.
As if there was a border. Bordering through excision in Melilla and the Canary Islands
Authors: Gazzotti Lorena
Published: June 2023

This article investigates the social life of excision at the Southern Spanish border. Scholars have documented how excision expands the border project, and how it uses the law to make it more defensible as a practice. Less attention has been paid to how excision is challenged by activist networks, and how the law is used as an instrument to un-make borders. I expand literature on the complex relation between the law and geography in bordermaking by arguing that excision is rather dynamic in nature. A comparative ethnography of Melilla and the Canary Islands reveals that de facto borders created through excision are vulnerable to legal activism. The strategic use of the law can set back the expansion of the border project, tenuously restoring some rights for asylum-seeking and undocumented foreigners. Such setbacks are tenuous because excision is, nevertheless, deeply integrated into a dense web of containment tactics. ‘The undesirables’ might thus recuperate some of their rights at one point but then still face exclusion at another point of the expanded frontier.
Outbreak of densovirus with high mortality in a commercial mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) farm: A molecular, bright-field, and electron microscopic characterization
Authors: Armién Aníbal G. , Polon Robert , Rejmanek Daniel , Moeller Robert B. , Crossley Beate M.
Published: June 2023

Mealworms are one of the most economically important insects in large-scale production for human and animal nutrition. Densoviruses are highly pathogenic for invertebrates and exhibit an extraordinary level of diversity which rivals that of their hosts. Molecular, clinical, histological, and electron microscopic characterization of novel densovirus infections is of utmost economic and ecological importance. Here, we describe an outbreak of densovirus with high mortality in a commercial mealworm ( Tenebrio molitor) farm. Clinical signs included inability to prehend food, asymmetric locomotion evolving to nonambulation, dehydration, dark discoloration, and death. Upon gross examination, infected mealworms displayed underdevelopment, dark discoloration, larvae body curvature, and organ/tissue softness. Histologically, there was massive epithelial cell death, and cytomegaly and karyomegaly with intranuclear inclusion (InI) bodies in the epidermis, pharynx, esophagus, rectum, tracheae, and tracheoles. Ultrastructurally, these InIs represented a densovirus replication and assembly complex composed of virus particles ranging from 23.79 to 26.99 nm in diameter, as detected on transmission electron microscopy. Whole-genome sequencing identified a 5579-nucleotide-long densovirus containing 5 open reading frames. A phylogenetic analysis of the mealworm densovirus showed it to be closely related to several bird- and bat-associated densoviruses, sharing 97% to 98% identity. Meanwhile, the nucleotide similarity to a mosquito, cockroach, and cricket densovirus was 55%, 52%, and 41%, respectively. As this is the first described whole-genome characterization of a mealworm densovirus, we propose the name Tenebrio molitor densovirus ( TmDNV). In contrast to polytropic densoviruses, this TmDNV is epitheliotropic, primarily affecting cuticle-producing cells.
Influence of laminectomy on the lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume: A retrospective magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Yoo Seokha , Han Yeji , Kim Youngwon , Park Sun-Kyung , Lim Young-Jin , Kim Jin-Tae
Published: June 2023

The cerebrospinal fluid volume affects the block height of spinal anaesthesia. Laminectomy of the lumbar spine may result in increased lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume of patients with a history of lumbar laminectomy would be larger than that of patients with normal lumbar spine anatomy using magnetic resonance imaging. Lumbosacral spine magnetic resonance images of 147 patients who underwent laminectomy at the L2 vertebrae or below (laminectomy group) and 115 patients without a history of spinal surgery (control group) were retrospectively reviewed. The lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volumes between the L1–L2 intervertebral disc level and the end of the dural sac were measured and compared between the two groups. The mean (standard deviation) lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume was 22.3 (7.8) ml and 21.1 (7.4) ml in the laminectomy and control groups, respectively (mean difference 1.2 ml; 95% confidence interval −0.7 to 3.0 ml; P = 0.218). In the prespecified subgroup analysis according to the number of laminectomy levels, patients who underwent more than two levels of laminectomy exhibited slightly larger lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume ( n = 17, 30.5 (13.5) ml) compared with those who underwent two ( n = 40, 20.7 (5.6) ml; P = 0.014) or one level of laminectomy ( n = 90, 21.4 (6.2) ml; P = 0.010) and the control group (21.1 (7.4) ml; P = 0.012). In conclusion, the lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume did not differ between patients who underwent lumbar laminectomy and those without a history of laminectomy. However, patients who underwent laminectomy at more than two levels had a slightly larger volume of lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid than those who underwent less extensive laminectomy and those without a history of lumbar spine surgery. Further studies are warranted to confirm the subgroup analysis findings and elucidate the clinical implications of such differences in the lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume.
Modeling the Impacts of Low Emission Zone on Route Diversion and Emissions of Heavy-Duty Trucks: A Southern California Case Study
Authors: Boriboonsomsin Kanok , Tanvir Shams , Barth Matthew
Published: June 2023

Heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs), the majority of which are used for freight movement, are major contributors of nitrogen oxides (NO x) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions. As a result, communities close to freight hubs such as ports, railyards, and distribution centers are disproportionately affected by diesel-related air pollution. This study evaluates the potential for emission-based access restriction and pricing strategy to reduce HDDT emissions in one such community in Southern California, U.S. Using a regional travel demand model with a dedicated heavy-duty truck submodel, it is assumed that a $10 emission fee is collected from HDDTs that do not meet the 2007 emission standards (i.e., model years 2009 and older) when they enter the community, which is considered to be a low emission zone (LEZ). The modeling results show that the emission fee diverts 60% of the pass-through trips made by HDDTs that do not meet the required emission standards away from the LEZ. The emission fee is found to reduce NO x, PM2.5, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from HDDTs inside the LEZ by 37%, 38%, and 25%, respectively. Also, it is found that the emission fee has minimal impacts on the total emissions in the modeling area. The total NO x and CO2 emissions remain unchanged, while the total PM2.5 emission increases by 1%. These results demonstrate that emission-based access restriction and pricing can be an effective strategy for reducing truck emissions in communities heavily affected by truck traffic without resulting in adverse impacts on the regional emission inventory.
Classification of Infantile Seizures: Implications for Identification and Treatment of Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Authors: Douglas R. Nordli , Darryl C. De Vivo
Published: June 2023

Metabolic disorders constitute an important cause of neurologic disease, including infantile epilepsy. The inability to characterize seizures and epilepsy syndromes precisely in infants impedes the recognition of features suggestive of specific underlying metabolic and neurodegenerative etiologies. Classification systems using simple descriptions of ictal behaviors can be reliably applied and may aid in the recognition of these disorders. Myoclonic seizures in infancy in particular suggest an inborn error of metabolism. In addition, certain epileptic syndromes are known to be associated with metabolic disorders, including some forms of neonatal seizures, West's syndrome, early myoclonic encephalopathy, and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Occasionally, there are distinctive electroencephalographic patterns that may suggest a specific metabolic disease. Earlier recognition of metabolic disorders may be accomplished by careful study of clinical and electrographic characteristics. There are important treatment considerations associated with these disorders. (J Child Neurol 2002;17(Suppl 3):3S3-3S8).
Ideology, Bureaucracy and Aesthetics: Landscape Change and Land Reform in Northwest Scotland
Authors: Rohde Rick
Published: June 2023

Scottish devolution and land reform were high on the political agenda with Labour's victory at the general election in 1997. In the Highlands of Scotland, where disputes over the ownership and control of land have a long history, initiatives involving the community ownership of land were gathering pace, one of which was Orbost Estate in Skye. What began as an ‘experiment’ in building a new community with the intention of creating a model for land reform, by 2002 had become a symbol of community opposition and heavy-handed mismanagement by bureaucrats. The conflict between local objectors and the government-funded enterprise company that bought the estate, was fought on ideological, aesthetic and bureaucratic grounds. The discourse of conflict reflected opposing understandings of the social, historical and cultural environment – values that are associated with and ‘naturalised’ in the landscape. Rural development is increasingly subject to rigid planning guidelines based on notions of visual landscape aesthetics and imputed historical-cultural values associated with the area's tourist industry. In the absence of strong local democratic institutions, objectors and developers arrived at an uneasy compromise after several years of dispute, through the agency of the bureaucratic planning apparatus itself. This study illustrates how the multi-faceted concept of landscape mediates cultural, social and political issues, and is continually evolving in response to aesthetic, ideological and institutional agencies.