bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Embedded in Fibrin Gel on Post-Hepatectomy Liver Regeneration: A Therapeutic Model Inducing a Paracrine Effect
Authors: Imamura Hiroki , Tomimaru Yoshito , Kobayashi Shogo , Harada Akima , Kita Shunbun , Sasaki Kazuki , Iwagami Yoshifumi , Yamada Daisaku , Noda Takehiro , Takahashi Hidenori , Hokkoku Daiki , Kado Takeshi , Toya Keisuke , Kodama Takahiro , Saito Shigeyoshi , Shimomura Iichiro , Miyagawa Shigeru , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi
Published: August 2024

We investigated the potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in preventing post-hepatectomy liver failure, emphasizing the necessity of direct administration using a scaffold to harness their paracrine effects. A fibrin gel scaffold was employed for ADSCs (gelADSCs) to assess their therapeutic impact on liver regeneration in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Experiments were conducted on C57BL/6 mice with normal livers and those with chronic hepatitis. We also explored the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by ADSCs in conjunction with fibrin gel. GelADSCs showed sustained release of hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and stromal cell–derived factor 1 for at least 7 days in vitro. In vivo, gel ADSCs significantly enhanced postoperative liver regeneration by upregulating the cell cycle and fatty acid oxidation in both normal and chronically hepatitis-affected mice. The therapeutic effects of gel ADSCs were notably superior to those of intravenously administered ADSCs, especially in mice with chronic hepatitis. Increased EV secretion associated with fibrin gel use was significantly linked to enhanced liver regeneration post-surgery through the promotion of fatty acid oxidation. The findings underscore the enhanced therapeutic potential of gelADSCs, particularly in the context of chronic hepatitis, compared to intravenous administration.
Seismic Response Analysis of Masonry Pagoda Considering SSI Effect and Study of New Material (CFRP) Reinforcement Scheme
Authors: Li XiaoPeng , He Qing , Ling Kangjie , Liu Dewen
Published: August 2024

As invaluable historical legacies, the preservation of ancient pagodas is of paramount importance, not only because they embody rich cultural significance but also due to their vulnerability in the face of natural disasters. Seismic reinforcement has become one of the key measures for the conservation of ancient pagodas. This study initially focuses on the Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) effect, an often-neglected factor that is crucial to the seismic response of ancient pagodas. Through in-depth analysis, it has been discovered that the SSI effect significantly increases the risk of damage to ancient pagodas. To enhance the seismic performance of ancient pagodas, this research proposes a strategy for reinforcement using high-performance Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite materials. Known for its lightweight, high-strength, and corrosion-resistant properties, CFRP offers an innovative solution for the structural reinforcement of ancient pagodas. By conducting a principal tensile stress analysis of the pagodas, the weak links have been identified, and targeted CFRP reinforcement has been implemented. The reinforced pagodas have shown a significant improvement in seismic performance, not only ameliorating the brittle failure characteristics of masonry structures but also effectively reducing the extent of tensile damage and prolonging the structural damage timeline. These findings indicate that CFRP reinforcement provides an effective new approach for the seismic reinforcement of masonry structures, with broad prospects for promotion and application.
Preoperative ECG Signs of Ischemia Increase the Risk of Perioperative Myocardial Injury: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Valadkhani Arman , Klintman Johannes Liu , Bell Max
Published: August 2024

Background: Perioperative myocardial injury (PMI) is associated with increased postoperative mortality. To date, many different definitions have been used to define PMI. There is a scarcity of studies that have explored the association between ischemic findings on preoperative ECG and PMI. We aimed to explore the association between preoperative ECG signs of ischemia and perioperative myocardial injury in high-risk patients undergoing vascular surgery.
Methods: The patients included in this retrospective single-center cohort study were recruited from a patient cohort recruited for a different prospective cohort study. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) was measured preoperatively and at 4 to 6, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. Preoperative ECG was acquired within seven days prior to index surgery. Preoperative ECG signs of ischemia were defined as one or more of ST-elevation, ST-depression, T-wave inversion or pathological Q-wave. The primary outcome was PMI defined both solely according to the guidelines presented by the European Society of Cardiology (PMI1) and in combination with the older definition presented in the Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial infarction (PMI2). Logistic regression and multiple regression were used to analyze the aim of the study.
Results: In total 474 patients undergoing vascular surgery were included in this study. The primary outcomes of PMI1 and PMI2 occurred in 50 (10.5 %) and 103 (20.7 %) patients, respectively. A significant adjusted association was found between preoperative ECG signs of ischemia and PMI1 (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.32-4.45; P = 0.004). However, the adjusted association with PMI2 was not significant (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.99-1.91; P = 0.056).
Conclusions: Among patients with preoperative ECG signs of ischemia we found a more than doubled risk of PMI1, the definition that required a larger perioperative elevation in hs-cTnT. Large multicenter randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate if the outcome of patients with preoperative ECG signs of ischemia can be modified.
A Case of Canine Immune-Mediated Polymyositis: Update of the diagnosis and clinical evaluation
Authors: Han Jungwoo , Jang KeunHwan , Cho Seung-Bum , Kim SuYeon , Oh Songju , Kim Ha-Jung
Published: August 2024

1. Background
Inflammatory myopathy is generally categorized into generalized inflammatory myopathies (gIM), which affect muscles throughout the body, and focal inflammatory myopathies (fIM), which are localized to specific muscles or muscle groups. This report details a case of immune-mediated polymyositis in a dog, successfully diagnosed using MRI and IHC and managed with immunosuppressive therapy.
2. Case presentation
A 5-year-old castrated male Poodle was admitted to a hospital presenting with lethargy and exercise intolerance. Biochemical analysis revealed significantly elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK). Physical examination showed muscle atrophy in the hind legs, but further orthopedic and neurological examinations identified no additional abnormalities. MRI demonstrated hyperintense and heterogeneous signal changes across the muscles, including contrast enhancement, suggesting polymyositis. This diagnosis was confirmed through histopathological examination, which revealed inflammatory lesions with fibrous tissue proliferation within the muscle tissue.
3. Conclusions
The dog was diagnosed with immune-mediated polymyositis and treatment was initiated with prednisolone (Solondo®, Yuhan Pharmaceuticals) at 1 mg/kg twice daily and azathioprine (Immuthera®, Celltrion Pharmaceuticals) at 2 mg/kg once daily. Following the administration of these immunosuppressive agents, CK levels returned to normal, and the dog’s exercise intolerance and lethargy resolved. The thickness of the hind legs also increased progressively. The dog has maintained an improved condition under continued immunosuppressive therapy for four months. This case highlights the critical role of MRI and immunohistochemistry in diagnosing immune-mediated polymyositis, demonstrating their superiority over conventional electromyography (EMG) in this context.
Improved environmental DNA detection sensitivity of Opisthorchis viverrini using a multi-marker assay
Authors: Matsuo Riko , Togetani Ayana , Adisakwattana Poom , Yoonuan Tippayarat , Phuphisut Orawan , Limpanont Yanin , Sakata Masayuki K. , Sato Marcello Otake , Sato Megumi , Minamoto Toshifumi
Published: August 2024

Opisthorchiasis, caused by the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, is endemic to Southeast Asian countries and constitutes a major health problem, as it increases the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. However, because of the complicated life cycle of O. viverrini, there is no rapid method for monitoring the risk of infection in the environment. The inability to identify water sources at risk of infection presents a challenge for implementing preventive measures in areas where fish are a significant component of the local diet. Using the environmental DNA (eDNA) approach to detect parasite DNA in water samples, it is possible to better understand the distribution of O. viverrini and the dynamics of infection with high accuracy. However, sensitivity remains a bottleneck in environmental samples. In this study, we developed an improved, highly sensitive method for the detection of O. viverrini eDNA. To increase the sensitivity, we designed a multi-marker assay comprising two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes as target regions and compared its sensitivity with single-marker assays using tissue-derived DNA samples. The multi-marker assay exhibited the highest detection sensitivity. We also collected data from 56 sites in Sakon Nakhon, Thailand, in October 2022 and tested them for the eDNA detection of O. viverrini. Eleven sites were positive in the multi-marker assay, whereas five sites were positive in the single-marker assay. This multi-marker assay can be used in the field to detect small organisms and rare species, other than parasites, that are expected to have low levels of eDNA.
A transcriptomic analysis of dental pulp stem cell senescence in vitro
Authors: Xu JiDong , Hu Mingchang , Liu Longfei , xu xuecheng , Xu Linlin , Song Yu
Published: August 2024

Background/purpose: The utilisation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) as autologous stem cells for tissue repair and regenerative techniques represents a significant area of research globally. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of long-term in vitro culture on the multidifferentiation potential of human dental pulp stem cells and the potential molecular mechanisms involved.
Materials and methods: The tissue block method was employed to extract hDPSCs from orthodontic minus extraction patients, which were then expanded and cultured in vitro for 12 generations. Stem cells from passages 3, 6, 9 and 12 were selected. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the expression of stem cell surface markers, while CCK-8 was used to assess cell proliferation ability. β-galactosidase staining was employed to detect Cellular senescence, alizarin red S staining was employed to assess osteogenic potential, while Oil Red O staining was used to evaluate lipogenic capacity. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes in DPSCs and to investigate potential mechanisms.
Results: With increasing passage number, pulp stem cells showed an increase in senescent cells and a decrease in proliferative capacity and osteogenic-lipogenic multidifferentiation potential. The expression of the stem cell surface markers CD34 and CD45 was stable, whereas the expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105 decreased with increasing passages. According to RNA-seq analysis, The differentially expressed genes CFH, WNT16, HSD17B2, IDI and COL5A3 may be associated with stem cell senescence.
Conclusion: An increase in in vitro expansion has been observed to induce a state of cellular senescence in pulp stem cells, which in turn results in a reduction in their proliferative capacity and osteogenic-lipogenic differentiation potential. Differential expression of genes such as CFH, Wnt16, HSD17B2, IDI, and COL5A3 may represent a potential mechanism for the induction of cellular senescence in pulp stem cells.
Therapeutic evaluation of the novel FGF21 analogue DC2303 for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Shen Lei , Bao Lingzhi , Wang Yapeng , Zhang FengYuan , Feng Tianyi , Zhao Fei , Feng Jun , Qiu Yunliang
Published: August 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a liver pathological manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, affecting about 25% of the world 's population. As the number of obese patients increases, this number continues to rise. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an endogenous hormone that regulates energy homeostasis and glucolipid metabolism, has recently emerged as a promising candidate target for the treatment of metabolic diseases. In order to solve the limitations of FGF21, such as short half-life and poor stability in vivo. We synthesized a new long-acting FGF21 analogue DC2303 by conjugating PASylated FGF21 with a variety of functional side chains modified by fatty acids to achieve dimerization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of DC2303 on MASH and to elucidate its mechanism of action. MASH model was established by inducing db/db mice with 60% High fat diet (HFD), serum Triglyceride (TG), Insulin and Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) were measured by ELISA, histopathological analysis of the livers of MASH mice was performed by HE staining and Oil red O staining, and the lipids in the livers of MASH mice were detected by Western blotting and Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) related protein and mRNA expression levels in the liver of MASH mice. The results showed that DC2303 could not only reduce body weight, blood glucose and blood lipid levels in a dose-dependent manner, but also reduce inflammation and improve insulin resistance. It also reduced the expression levels of CD36 and Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) and increased the expression levels of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1alpha (CPT-1α) in the liver, thereby inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation and reversing hepatic steatosis. This study demonstrates for the first time that DC2303, a novel long-acting FGF21 analogue, may be a potential candidate drug to improve the multiple physiological and pathological mechanisms of MASH.
Some parts in the consent form are written using complex scientific language: Community members’ perspectives regarding terminologies used during informed consent process for research involving pregnant and lactating mothers in Uganda
Authors: Twimukye Adelline , Nabukenya Sylvia , Kawuma Aida , Bayigga Josephine , Nakijoba Ritah , Asiimwe Simon Peter , Byenume Fredrick , Ojara Francis Williams , Waitt Catriona
Published: August 2024

Background
Appropriate language use is essential to ensure inclusion of diverse populations in research. We aimed to identify possible language-related barriers regarding the informed consent and suggest interventions to enhance goal of the informed consent processes.
Methods
A cross-sectional qualitative study employing focus group discussions (FGD) was conducted in Uganda from August to September 2023, involving a diverse group of stakeholders from the community, including community members, research participants, and Community Advisory Board (CAB) members. 19 FGD comprised individuals aged 18 years and over. Participants represented at least six different mother tongues (Luganda, Acholi, Runyankole, Runyoro, Lugbara and English). An inductive thematic approach was utilized for data analysis using NVivo version 12 software to identify language factors that influence informed consent. Terminologies were discussed in a community validation workshop.
Results
At the individual level, language barriers, and low understanding of written information due to illiteracy contribute to community members’ poor comprehension, thus hindering their ability to achieve informed consent. At the health facility level, participants reported that there was use of inappropriate, unclear language including inaccurate translations, and poor and complicated grammar in some consent forms. Participants reported that complex medical terminologies are difficult to translate to local languages. Community members highlighted that trends in language use affected cultural perceptions of informed consent. They emphasized the need for respectful communication, particularly towards women. Participants suggested use of appropriate language, availing translated informed consent document in respective appropriate local languages, simplifying terminologies in the consent forms, adapting to the local context and involvement of community members in language matters of study protocols from design stage.
Conclusion
Language barriers influence the informed consent process within communities in Uganda. These can potentially be resolved at individual, health system and community levels. Integrating considerations of language and development of appropriate language terminologies in informed consent process as well as long-term planning of research communication could improve research participation among pregnant and lactating mothers in Uganda. The use of appropriate language enhances informed consent in keeping with principles of Good Clinical Practice.
Analyzing the use of specialized palliative care in intensive care unit patients in Germany: A cross- sectional study
Authors: von Saß Christiane , Tenge Theresa , Oorschot Birgitt van , Pieper Dawid , Eisenmenger Nicole , Heinze Martin , Fink Larissa , Michels Guido , Neukirchen Martin , Kamp Marcel A.
Published: August 2024

Background
Despite rising importance of integration of palliative medicine in treating life-threatening illnesses in intensive care units (ICU), the extent remains unknown. Using billing data, we analysed the frequency of specialized palliative care use in ICU patients in Germany.
Methods
Billing data (2019 -2022) from the InEK was used in this cross-sectional study on all billed adult ICU cases. Data included case numbers, demographics, diagnoses, treatment procedures, ventilation (≥95h), palliative care frequency.
Results
61,591,299 adult cases were treated, 11.2% (6,912,316) requiring ICU and 499,262 (7.2%) needing long-term ventilation. 44.2% of all ICU cases and 36.2% of long-term ventilated patients were female (p < 0.0001). ICU mortality was 11.1%, long-term ventilation mortality was 38.8%; higher in men and patients aged ≥ 65 (p < 0.001). Leading diagnoses for ICU deaths: heart failure (6.9%), stroke (6.3%), sepsis (6.2%).
0.8% of ICU cases and 1.4% of long-term ventilated cases received specialized palliative care, with a higher proportion of females (p < 0.0001). Most palliative care patients were aged ≥ 65.
Conclusion
From 2019 to 2022, 11.2% of hospital cases required ICU-treatment. Despite suffering from life-threatening conditions and high mortality rates, less than 1% of all ICU cases and 1.4% of long-term ventilated cases received palliative care (differing sexes and ages). This highlights deficiencies in palliative care integration into ICUs to alleviate patients and their families suffering from complex needs. Implementing benchmarking could be beneficial in this process.
Association between green spaces and behavioral problems of children and adolescents: the moderating effects of PM2.5
Authors: Huang Shiqi , Li Peizheng , Zhou Suhua , Chen Juntao , Zhang Yifan , Yang Chenlu , Wang Jing , Zhang Qingyu , Li Xiangying , Luo Chenxi , Diao Jiayi , Hong Ruoxuan , Zhang Rui , Hu Yuqi , Zhong Kehan , Ma Lu
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Recent studies suggest green spaces benefit mental health, yet the interaction between environmental factors and behavioral outcomes remains underexplored. This study examines the association between green space exposure and behavioral problems in children and adolescents, considering the potential moderating effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Methods
We used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess behavioral problems in children and adolescents. Green space exposure was measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within a 1500-meter radius of participants' residences. Daily PM2.5 concentrations were estimated from the Tracking Air Pollution in China website. A generalized linear model (GLM) with a quasi-Poisson link function estimated the association between green spaces and behavioral problems, considering the moderating effects of PM2.5.
Results
The analysis included 4,782 children and adolescents, averaging 12.29 years. A 0.1 increase in NDVI was linked to a 1.19% (95% CI: -2.08 to -0.30%) reduction in total difficulties score and a 1.19% (95% CI: -2.18 to -0.20%) reduction in peer relationship problems. In high PM2.5 areas, a 0.1 NDVI increase was associated with a 1.78% (95% CI: -3.05 to -0.60%) reduction in total difficulties and a 3.34% (95% CI: -5.92 to -0.60%) reduction in emotional problems. Stronger associations were observed in younger children (< 12 years), girls, and those from non-left-behind or lower-income families.
Conclusion
Exposure to residential surrounding green space might contributes to the reduction of behavioral problems among children and adolescents, suggesting a protective effect, particularly for those exposed to high levels of PM2.5.
An identification model for fault detection of reinitializable Discrete-Event Systems
Authors: Libanio Diego A. , Viana Gustavo S. , Moreira Marcos V.
Published: August 2024

Recently, Discrete-Event System (DES) identification techniques with the aim of fault detection have been proposed in the literature. In simple words, identification of DES with the aim of fault detection consists in computing a model which is capable of simulating the observed fault-free behavior generated by the system. Then, a fault is detected when a discrepancy between the evolution of the system and the model estimate is observed. Although several identification models for DES have been proposed in the literature, from the authors’ knowledge, they are capable of correctly simulating the fault-free behavior of reinitializable systems, i.e., systems that always returns to its initial state after completing a task, only in some cases. In this paper, we propose a new identification model that simulates the fault-free behavior generated by reinitializable systems. In addition, a didactic mechatronic plant is used to illustrate the proposed method.
Exploring the Interactive Mechanisms of Halophilic Bacterium SPSB2 and Mannitol in Mitigating Sodium Chloride and Arsenic Stress in Tomato Plants
Authors: # Lubna , Aizaz Muhammad , Alrumaidhi Shima Ahmed Ali , Alhinai Rawan Ahmed Mohammed , Kalbani Reem Saif Mohammed AL , Khan Ibrahim , Bilal Saqib , Asaf Sajjad , AL-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Agricultural productivity is adversely affected by soil salinization and contamination with heavy metals, emphasizing the necessity for environmentally friendly technologies. This study investigates the impact of sodium chloride (NaCl) and arsenic (As) stress on tomato seedlings and explores the stress-alleviating effects of mannitol and a halophilic bacterium, Nitratrieducator aquimarinus SPSB2. Our results revealed that bacteria strainSPSB2 establishes a symbiotic relationship with tomato plants, which modulates the secondary metabolites and antioxidant system in tomato plants exposed to both NaCl and As stress. Under the NaCl and As stress tomato seedling growth was significantly reduced, although this reduction was mitigated by bacteria strain SPSB2 and mannitol treatment. When exposed to NaCl stress, the bacterial strain enhances shoot and root length by 84.8% and 152.5%, respectively. Similarly, under the As stress conditions, bacteria strain SPSB2 inoculation increased the shoot and root weights by 63.1% and 45.5%, respectively. Bacteria strain SPSB2 inoculation also significantly enhanced the chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid contents by 76.3%, 78%, and 50%, respectively, compared to their non-inoculated counterparts under As stress conditions. Furthermore, during NaCl and As stress conditions, treatments with SPSB2 and mannitol increase the levels of enzymatic components (catalase, polyphenol oxidases) and non-enzymatic components (flavonol protein, sugar, starch), indicating a stress-alleviating effect of bacteria strain SPSB2 and mannitol. In the current study, the bacteria strain SPSB2 was more effective than mannitol in improving tomato plants' salinity and heavy metal tolerance regarding growth and physiological attributes. The symbiotic relationship between SPSB2 and tomato plants positively impacted various parameters, including plant growth, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant system activity. Moreover, the study suggests that SPSB2 is more effective than mannitol in improving tomato plants' salinity and heavy metal tolerance. These findings contribute to the understanding of environmentally friendly strategies for managing soil salinization and heavy metal contamination in agriculture, and the potential use of SPSB2 in microbial-assisted phytoremediation of polluted saline soils.
Explaining Patients' Lived Experiences of Bedside Teaching: A Qualitative Study
Authors: barry azizeh , shahbaz azam
Published: August 2024

Background
appropriate clinical environment by providing learning opportunities, plays an important role in preparing students to apply the knowledge learned in the bedside. Since the lived experiences of patients in the clinical environment are effective on the quality of students' learning, the present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the lived experiences of patients regarding bedside teaching.
Materials and methods
The present qualitative study was conducted using content analysis approach in 2023 at the Imam Sajjad educational and therapeutic center affiliated to Tabriz Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences.The studied samples were selected with purpose-based sampling among the patients hospitalized in Imam Sajjad educational and therapeutic center of Tabriz (18 people). In addition, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and Graneheim and Lundman's approach for analysis of the data.
Results
From the analysis of participants' narratives, 3 subcategory and 17 primary concepts were obtained.The subcategory of the treatment dimension includes the 7 primary concepts, the subcategory of the moral-human dimension including the 5 primary concepts of and the next subcategory of education dimension including 5 primary concepts.
Conclusion
Considering that the formation of patients' lived experiences is one of the predictive factors in the realization of learning and facilitating the process of professionalization of students in clinical education, therefore, the attention of managers and administrators to clinical education is amomg vital components. Clinical education often emphasizes education and learning in the clinical environment, and usually along with this education, the patient, his conditions and problems are also discussed.
Balancing the act? Resampling versus imbalanced data for Wi-Fi IDS
Authors: Kampourakis Konstantinos , Chatzoglou Efstratios , Kambourakis Georgios , Serpanos Dimitrios
Published: August 2024

Ensuring the security of Wi-Fi networks is a top priority and an ongoing research topic for academic and industry research groups. This work investigates the impact of class distribution in benchmark datasets on the detection performance of machine learning (ML)-driven wireless intrusion detection systems (WIDS). More specifically, we aim to address a critical question not yet explored in the literature: To what extent does class distribution influence WIDS performance? In pursuit of answers, we consider a multiclass problem and utilize several resampling schemes, including oversampling, undersampling, and both under- and oversampling, exploring their impingement on the classification results in terms of standard metrics. We evaluate a variety of ML models, both traditional and deep ones, and contrast their performance against those yielded when the algorithms are trained on the original imbalanced dataset. The key finding is that training on the original imbalanced dataset significantly reduces false positives vis-à-vis a balanced dataset created by any resampling technique. This reduction in terms of macro-averaged false positive rate is particularly noteworthy, approximately 139 and 43 times lower false positives compared to the worst and best resampling scheme, respectively. However, while resampled balanced datasets can lead to fewer false negatives (missed attacks), the improvement is less pronounced, at about 1.2 times lower relative to the imbalanced dataset.
In Vivo Antidiabetic and Ex-vivo Antioxidant Activities of Dichloromethane Extract of Xerophyta Spekei
Authors: Ndile Michael Musila , Makori Wycliffe Arika , Kibiti Cromwell Mwiti , Ngugi Mathew Piero
Published: August 2024

Background
The medicinal plant X. spekei is used among Embu and Mbeere communities to manage diabetes mellitus. However, there is limited information regarding its effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the quantitative phytochemical and antidiabetic potential of the plant. Samples of the plant were collected and extracted using Dichloromethane (DCM). The quantitative analysis of phytochemicals was conducted using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). To evaluate the efficacy of the extract in managing diabetes, a total of seven groups were formed, each consisting of five mice. These groups included a normal control, a diabetic control, positive control (Glibenclamide), and four extract-administered groups (50, 100, 150, and 200mg/kg body weight). Alloxan monohydrate was used to induce diabetes. Blood glucose of the mice was determined on an hourly basis for the first six hours, and once after 12 and 24 hours on the first day. Thereafter, the blood glucose in mice was determined once a week for three weeks. During the experimental period of three weeks, body weights were determined on the initial day and after every seven days. After 21 days, the mice were euthanized and blood was drawn to determine any changes in renal and liver biochemical markers. The liver, kidney, and pancreas were also detached and their homogenates were used for ex vivo antioxidant assays.
Results
The classes of phytochemicals identified using GC-MS included flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, terpenoids, fatty acids, tocopherols and alkaloids. The DCM plant extract of X. spekei attenuated loss of body weight, hyperglycaemia, and aberrant biochemical parameters. Furthermore, the extract reduced levels of malonaldehyde and enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activities in diabetic mice.
Conclusions
The study confirms that the X. spekei plant extract contains phytochemicals with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Therefore, this finding authenticates the folkloric use of X. spekei in managing diabetes mellitus. The medicinal plant shows potential in developing anti-diabetic agents.
The difference between Engel Ⅰ and Engel Ⅱ in epileptogenicity biomarkers after stereotactic thermocoagulation
Authors: Yan Jingtao , Wang Le , Jin Weipeng , Du Chuan , Li Guangfeng , Cui Deqiu , Yin Shaoya
Published: August 2024

Objective Stereoscopic electroencephalography(SEEG) is an important invasive assessment method in epilepsy surgery. After electrode implantation, radiofrequency thermocoagulation(RF-TC) guided by Stereoscopic electroencephalography(SEEG) is performed on the discharge initiation and rapid propagation areas by monitoring intracranial electroencephalography.High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) and spikes, are quantifiable epileptogenic biomarkers before and after RF-TC.In this study, we sought to evaluate, using SEEG signals recorded before and after thermocoagulation, whether a difference between Engel Ⅰ and Engel Ⅱ patient.Methods 3 minutes segments of SEEG signals were analyzed in 22 patients before and after thermocoagulation.We used Anywave software to quantify the rate of spikes, rate of HFOs(80-512Hz), rate of HFOs(80-250Hz) and rate of HFOs(250-512Hz).We analyzed the differences both at an individual level(paired t-text and pencentage) and at a group level(Fisher exact test).Results After RF-TC guided by SEEG,12 patients showed Engel Ⅰ,10 patients showed Engel Ⅱ.In EZ, an intra individual decrease in HFOs was significantly more frequent in Engel grade Ⅰ patients than in Engel grade Ⅱ patients (80-513Hz:p = .038; 80-250Hz:p = .026;250-513Hz:p = .038).In thermocoagulated zones was an intraindividual decrease of HFOs (250-512Hz) significantly more frequent in Engel grade Ⅰ patients than in Engel grade Ⅱ patients (p = .038) .Conclusion Quantified changes in the rate of spikesand rate of HFOs can be observed after RF-TC guided by SEEG.There may be difference between Engel Ⅰ and Engel Ⅱ in HFOs and no difference in spikes after stereotactic thermocoagulation.
Stearoyl CoA desaturase inhibition can effectively induce apoptosis in bladder cancer stem cells
Authors: Li Yuchen , Piao Chiyuan , Kong Chuize
Published: August 2024

Bladder cancer stands as one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. While our previous research confirmed the significant role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in bladder cancer, the underlying reasons for its abnormal overexpression remain largely unknown. Moreover, the distinct response to SCD inhibitors between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and adherent cultured cell lines lacks clear elucidation. Therefore, in this experiment, we aim to conduct an analysis and screening of the SCD transcription start site, further seeking critical transcription factors involved. Simultaneously, through experimental validation, we aim to explore the pivotal role of endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response in drug sensitivity among cancer stem cells. Additionally, our RNA-seq and lipid metabolism analysis revealed the significant impact of nervonic acid on altering the proliferative capacity of bladder cancer cell lines.
Non Parametric Differential Network Analysis: A Tool for Unveiling Specific Molecular Signatures.
Authors: Guzzi Pietro Hiram , Arkaprava Roy , Milano Marianna , Veltri Pierangelo
Published: August 2024

Background The rewiring of molecular interactions in various conditions leads to distinct phenotypic outcomes. Differential Network Analysis (DNA) is dedicated to exploring these rewirings within gene and protein networks. Leveraging statistical learning and graph theory, DNA algorithms scrutinize alterations in interaction patterns derived from experimental data.
Results Introducing a novel approach to differential network analysis, we incorporate differential gene expression based on sex and gender attributes. We hypothesize that gene expression can be accurately represented through non-Gaussian processes. Our methodology involves quantifying changes in non-parametric correlations among gene pairs and expression levels of individual genes.
Conclusions Applying our method to public expression datasets concerning diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis in liver tissue, we identify genderspecific differential networks. Results underscore the biological relevance of our approach in uncovering meaningful molecular distinctions.
Design and Validation of the Observational Static Posture Assessment Tool (OSPAT): A Psychometric Study
Authors: Abbasi Hamed , Seyedi Mohammadreza , Mozafaripour Esmaeil , Bayati Mahdi
Published: August 2024

Background
Postural assessment is important for several reasons, poor posture can lead to a range of musculoskeletal issues. Posture plays a crucial role in biomechanics and movement efficiency and also impacts an individual's appearance, confidence, and overall well-being. Existing visual assessment tools have not kept pace with the latest scientific Approaches and paradigm shifts in our understanding of the holistic assessment. This study aims to address this gap by designing and validating a new observational tool for observational postural assessment that integrates current scientific insight and best practices in musculoskeletal health.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional design including recruiting both qualitative and quantitates methods to develop and test psychometric properties of the Observational Static Posture Assessment Tool (OSPAT). To establish the validity of the OSPAT, we employed Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) through a collaborative process involving consultation with 12 experts. To test the reliability, 28 raters utilized the OSPAT on a sample of 80 individuals. Each practitioner rated the presence of postural deviations including Upper Crossed Syndrome, Sway Back Posture, Lower Crossed Syndrome, Genu Recurvatum, Scoliosis, Genu Varum, Genu Valgum, and Foot Pronation Syndrome in each subject using a 6-point scale of severity. We employed Kappa coefficients (κ) to assess both intra-rater and inter-rater reliability.
Results
The analysis for OSPAT validity showed overall CVR and CVI, (0.70 and CVI > 79) index, respectively. The results for OSPAT reliability revealed good intra-rater and inter-rater agreement, with κ values of 0.68 and 0.53, respectively.
Conclusions
The OSPAT showed promise for valid and reliable observational static postural assessment, overcoming the limitations of segmental evaluation by taking a holistic approach to postural assessment and considering the body as an interconnected system.
Oxidative damage biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes in saliva of patients with peri- implant diseases
Authors: Karasu Yerda Özkan , Maden Oğuzhan , Çanakçı Cenk Fatih
Published: August 2024

Objectives: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) are commonly used as markers to evaluate oxidative DNA and Lipid damage in disorders including chronic inflammatory diseases. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) protect tissues against oxidative injury from free oxygen radicals generated by various metabolic processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate 8-OHdG and MDA levels, and SOD and GPx activities in whole saliva of patients with peri-implant diseases.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sum of 60 age gender balanced; peri-implantitis (n = 20), peri-mucositis (n = 20) and healthy (n = 20) individuals. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and to determine the clinical condition of each subject; the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), peri-implant probing pocket depth (PIPD), peri-implant presence of bleeding on probing (BOP) (with/without suppuration) and radiographic signs of crestal bone loss (BL) were measured. The salivary 8-OHdG level was measured using the ELISA method. SOD, GPx activities and MDA levels were determined spectrophotometrically.
Results: A total of 60 individuals had evaluations of 318 implants. In comparison to the peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis groups, the healthy group had significantly lower PI and GI scores (p<0.001). The PIPD value differed amongst the groups, with the peri-implantitis group having the highest value (p<0.001). Compared to the peri-mucositis and control groups, the peri-implantitis group had a significantly higher BL score (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The peri-implantitis group showed a significantly higher 8-OHdG level (p<0.001; p<0.001 respectively) than the peri-mucositis and control groups. Compared to the peri-mucositis and control groups, the peri-implantitis group had a significantly higher MDA level (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The peri-implantitis group had a significantly higher SOD level (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) in comparison to the peri-mucositis and control groups.
There was no significant difference in GPx levels between the peri-mucositis and control groups (p>0.05), while the peri-implantitis group had significantly lower GPx levels than the peri-mucositis and control groups (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively).
Conclusions: Elevated levels of oxidative stress in saliva may indicate the onset of pathological bone loss surrounding the implant and may be an indication of peri-implantitis.
Clinical Relevance: In peri-implant diseases, changes may occur in the levels of 8-OHdG, MDA, SOD and GPx in saliva, which may lead to a deterioration in the oxidant/antioxidant balance.
Self-oscillations of submerged liquid crystal elastomer beams driven by light and self-shadowing
Authors: Norouzikudiani Reza , Teresi Luciano , DeSimone Antonio
Published: August 2024

Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) are responsive materials that undergo significant, reversible deformations when exposed to external stimulisuch as light, heat, and humidity. Light actuation, in particular, offers versatile control over LCE properties, enabling complex deformations. A notable phenomenon in LCEs is self-oscillation under constant illumination. Understanding the physics underlying this dynamic response, and especially the role of interactions with a surrounding fluid medium, is still crucial for optimizing the performance of LCEs. In this study, we have developed a multi-physics fluid-structure interaction model to explore the self-oscillation phenomenon of immersed LCE beams exposed to light. We consider a beam clamped at one end, originally vertical, and exposed to horizontal light rays of constant intensity focused near the fixed edge. Illumination causes the beam to bend towards the light due to a temperature gradient. As the free end of the beam surpasses the horizontal line through the clamp, self-shadowing induces cooling, initiating the self-oscillation phenomenon. The negative feedback resulting from self-shadowing injects energy into the system, with sustained self-oscillations in spite of the energy dissipation in the surrounding fluid. Our investigation involves parametric studies exploring the impact of beam length and light intensity on the amplitude, frequency, and mode of oscillation. Our findings indicate that the self-oscillation initiates above a certain critical light intensity, which is length-dependent. Also, shorter lengths induce oscillations in the beam with the first mode of vibration, while increasing the length changes the elasticity property of the beam and triggers the second mode. Additionally, applying higher light intensity may trigger composite complex modes, while the frequency of oscillation increases with the intensity of the light if the modeof oscillation remains constant.
Thermophysical Properties of a High Density Carbon/Carbon Composite from Ambient to Ultra-High Temperatures
Authors: Attia Marco , Zhuang Wyman
Published: August 2024

Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites are currently the material of choice for use on advanced thermal protection systems for high speed flight vehicles due to their excellent thermophysical properties, high specific stiffness and strength in hypersonic flight operational environments. Understanding the ultra-high thermophysical properties of C/C is essential for design purposes, especially where limited data exists for the temperature range of interest. To address this need, the thermophysical properties of a nominated high density C/C composite material were characterized. Properties such as specific heat, thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion and thermal conductivity for the material in all three material orientations (x,y,z) were investigated between ambient temperature to 2600°C.
The thermophysical assessment of the C/C composite is provided in two parts, the first set of thermal properties were determined for the material in its untreated state (no heat treatment), and the second set demonstrates the effect of heat treatment on the thermal properties. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), diffusivity and conductivity of the composite exhibit a distinctive shift in the material properties in the temperature range of 1300-1500°C. Subsequent thermal analyses beyond that temperature range is markedly different and indicative of the thermophysical properties expected if the composite be subjected to heat treatment. Analyses of the same specimens (pre- and post-heating) were also conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to investigate the resultant variation in thermophysical properties as a result of repeated heat treatments. The findings were useful to assess the performances of the C/C composite in extremely high temperature conditions for the potential applications of hypersonic vehicle structure and components.
Real-time RGBT tracking via isometric feature encoding networking
Authors: Gao Zhao , Zhou Dongming , Yan Kaixiang , Liu Yisong
Published: August 2024

To efficiently utilize the complementary attributes in RGBT images, we proposes an object tracking algorithm called Isomeric Feature Encoding Network (IFENet). Based on the different characteristics of RGBT images, IFENet employs the global-memory enhancement (GME) in the early stage of image feature encoding to explore detailed information (such as texture and color) in the RGB modality. It also utilizes the border-region salience enhancement (BRE) to improve the saliency difference between the object region and the background. Furthermore, an interest region sampling is introduced to reduce computational consumption and improve the operational efficiency. Validation results on the open-source datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of IFENet. Compared to current mainstream RGBT tracking algorithms, IFENet achieves better tracking accuracy and robustness. It can effectively handle challenging scenarios such as fast-moving objects, large-scale deformations, and camera motion. Moreover, IFENet achieves an average tracking speed of 62FPS, meeting real-time tracking requirements.
Natural Oligopoly with an Unlimited Number of Firms
Authors: Krishnamurthy Prasad
Published: August 2024

In vertical models of product differentiation, consumers agree on their ranking of product quality but differ in their willingness to pay for it. Vertical models can give rise to “natural oligopoly.” If consumers do not differ too much in their willingness to pay, a finite number of firms enter in equilibrium regardless of market size. I consider a simple vertical model in which willingness to pay differs enough so that the number of entering firms increases with market size. I derive analytical expressions for equilibrium prices, markups, and shares for any finite number of entering firms, and limiting expressions for market shares as the market size and the number of firms grow arbitrarily large. The market share of the largest firm converges from above to .58, the combined share of the four largest firms to .99, and the HHI to .44 (4,400). Quality competition can give rise to natural oligopoly—high concentration and persistent profits—even if the number of entering firms is unlimited.
JEL Codes: D21, D43, L11, L13, L25