bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between phosphodiesterase 4D gene polymorphism and coronary heart disease
Authors: Yan Laixing , Li Ketao , Zhang Weiwei , Shen Chengji , Ma Liping , Sun Yu
Published: February 2022

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is one of the most common heart diseases that seriously endanger human health. The study found that intracellular second messenger CAMP plays an important role in inhibiting the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle and the local inflammatory response at the damaged vessel. Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) can specifically degrade cAMP. The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between phosphodiesterase 4D gene polymorphism and coronary heart disease and the effect of phosphodiesterase 4D gene polymorphism on cardiovascular, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect 50 patients with coronary heart disease (ACS group) and 100 patients who were diagnosed with coronary artery disease by coronary angiography at the same time as the control group (NC group). The results of the study showed that the frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes in 150 samples were 25.67%, 54.66%, and 22.67%, respectively, which was consistent with Hard Weber's law (X = 2.186, P = 0.101). The distribution of GG genotype (18% vs. 27%), AA + AG genotype (85% vs. 74%), G (57% vs. 55%), A (43% vs. 45 %) There was no statistically significant difference in allele frequency (P <0.05). From this, it can be seen that the rs918592 polymorphism of the PDE4D gene is not associated with coronary heart disease.
A modified, optimized kinetic photometric thrombin generation assay components to measure the potency of thrombin in plasma
Authors: Zrari Salar A.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the present study was to improve, optimize and modification, a kinetic photometric assay of Factor IIa activity with regard to blood sample types, calibration, analytic corrections, and activation reagents, in order to establish a rapid routine, less time consuming, and suitable method for the evaluation of large numbers of clinical samples. Our modified method was based on the continuous monitoring of the Factor IIa released from the reacting substance, in the presence of a specific chromogenic peptide substrate (S2238). The optimization of pH and of the concentrations of substrate, activator (CaCl2), EDTA, and tissue factor was carried out as well as blood sample types (Platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma samples) so as to ensure the best compromise between reliability, specificity, and sensitivity, However, the Factor IIa activity was compared in the plasma of different donors. In conclusion, our modified and optimized FIIa generation assay is a rapid and simple method for the diagnosis and monitoring of different clinical cases, at the same time it can be easily adapted to clinical chemistry analyzers.
Using the yeast three-hybrid system for the identification of small molecule-protein interactions with the example of ethinylestradiol
Authors: Wang Pengyu , Klassmüller Thomas , Karg Cornelia A. , Kretschmer Maibritt , Zahler Stefan , Braig Simone , Bracher Franz , Vollmar Angelika M. , Moser Simone
Published: February 2022

Since the first report on a yeast three-hybrid system, several approaches have successfully utilized different setups for discovering targets of small molecule drugs. Compared to broadly applied MS based target identification approaches, the yeast three-hybrid system represents a complementary method that allows for the straightforward identification of direct protein binders of selected small molecules. One major drawback of this system, however, is that the drug has to be taken up by the yeast cells in sufficient concentrations. Here, we report the establishment of a yeast three-hybrid screen in the deletion strain ABC9Δ, which is characterized by being highly permeable to small molecules. We used this system to screen for protein binding partners of ethinylestradiol, a widely used drug mainly for contraception and hormone replacement therapy. We identified procollagen-lysine 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2 or lysyl hydroxylase, LH2) as a novel direct target and were able to confirm the interaction identified with the yeast three-hybrid system by a complementary method, affinity chromatography, to prove the validity of the hit. Furthermore, we provide evidence for an interaction between the drug and PLOD2 in vitro and in cellulo.
Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Expressive Writing in Reducing Symptoms of Anxiety: Waitlist Control Design
Authors: Robertson Sarah M. C. , Short Stephen D. , McSween Devin , Medlen Shaina , Schneider Katie
Published: February 2022

Introduction: There are mixed data in the literature regarding the efficacy of expressive writing (EW) interventions. The current study utilized a waitlist control design to assess whether symptom change occurred during a waitlist period and an intervention period. We also assessed the potential relationship between initial anxiety symptom severity and follow-up scores of anxiety. Methods: One hundred forty-one first-year college students were randomly assigned to either (a) initiate an EW protocol immediately or (b) initiate an EW protocol after at least four weeks had elapsed. All participants completed three consecutive days of EW and two follow-up visits. Results: Participants who started their EW protocol immediately demonstrated a significant decrease in anxiety at the one-month follow-up while participants in the waitlist condition did not demonstrate a significant decrease in anxiety during the waiting period. All participants demonstrated a significant decrease in anxiety between the first day of the EW intervention and the six-month follow-up visit. This effect was moderated by initial anxiety symptom level. Discussion: Completing an EW intervention, whether immediately or after a one-month waiting period, was associated with lowered anxiety scores six months post-intervention. College students’ anxiety levels did not naturally improve over the course of a one-month waiting period.
A New Technique to Increase Self-Esteem by Reading and Mental Visualization: The Lexical Association Technique
Authors: Niveau Noémie , Beaudoin Marine , New Boris
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Self-esteem is central to human well-being, quality of life, and mental health. Therefore, it is important to propose preventive and therapeutic techniques to deal with decline in self-esteem. Different interventions have been proposed and their efficacies have been validated. However, they present certain constraints such as a cognitive and/or emotional cost, which limit some clinical applications. Method: Based on contributions from cognitive, social, and clinical psychology, we propose to test the efficacy of a new technique for self-esteem enhancement using brief lexical associations and mental visualization (six sessions of five minutes) for a stimulation of episodic and semantic self-perceptions. Results: Comparing the Lexical Association Technique to a control technique and using a double-blind pre-post design, two studies show the efficacy of this new technique on global self-esteem in two samples of students (nStudy1 = 36; nStudy2 = 89), as well as a sustained effect up to 5 days after the technique is stopped. Discussion: The mechanisms underlying the efficacy of this technique are discussed. Further studies are needed to precise the clinical applicability of the Lexical Association Technique on patients.
Zrównoważone modele biznesowe - charakterystyka, kryteria, innowacje
Authors:   Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie, Szumniak-Samolej Justyna
Published: February 2022

The previous approaches to the implementation of sustainable development are insufficient to create truly revolutionary transformations of organizations, markets and societies. As a result, humanity is on the verge of an ecological catastrophe which will have extremely serious socio-economic consequences. In the face of contemporary challenges of sustainable development, there is a need for a rapid and radical change in the approach of business to people and the natural environment. In this context, the concept of sustainable business models deserves attention, as it extends the existing understanding of the role of business in solving social and environmental problems. The aim of the article is to analyze the current state of knowledge and present the basic concepts, assumptions and definitions of sustainable business models. This is a review paper. The adopted research method is ananalysis and synthesis of English-language literature sources. At the beginning, the article indicates the place of research on sustainable business models in contemporary scientific works. Next, attention is paid to the concept of value as an element combining the logic of a business model and a sustainable business model. In the main part, various approaches and attempts to define sustainable business models and criteria for this type of projects are analyzed and presented. The role and types of innovation in sustainable business models are also presented. Finally, the evolution of the approaches to sustainable business models is considered, as well as the ways in which this concept might develop in the future.
Diagram Ishikawy w dydaktyce akademickiej na specjalnościach nauczycielskich
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kuczaba-Flisak Magdalena
Published: February 2022

The article shows a new perspective on teaching students to diagnose the causes of complex problems using dedicated tools, such as the Ishikawa diagram. The theoretical part discusses why complex diagnosis of problems is an essential element of a teacher’s work. The author describes the heterogeneity of the school environment and its dependence on the network of relationships with the family and social environment as well as the mental and physical condition of individual students. This part of the article also describes the changes in the structure of the Ishikawa diagram, and examples of how it has been modified in various fields of knowledge. The empirical part is a report on constructing a students’ exemplary diagram. This part discusses using the Ishikawa diagram in the humanities to illustrate the causes of the reading problem among children and adolescents. An analysis was conducted of building expert knowledge by people actively involved in the learning process. The article’s author argues that the Ishikawa diagram is a valuable element in academic teaching, because reflection on any complex problem using visualization methods prepares students to diagnose potential issues in future professional work. The conclusions emphasize the importance of students’ independent reflection on complex problems. Accordingly, the author asks about the primary goal of university education.
Samoorganizacja pracy i planowanie działań z perspektywy oczekiwanych kompetencji w gospodarce 4.0. Przykład badań nad młodym pokoleniem
Authors:   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu, Krzyminiewska Grażyna
Published: February 2022

Economy 4.0 will be based on a labour market of people who have both technological Economy 4.0 will be based on a labor market of people who have both technological and professional competences. This means that the role of human capital as a launching technology factor will increase, and people who can function in the cyber-physical world will become the most sought-after employees. In this context, it becomes important to reflect on the expected competences of people who are active on the labor market, especially those who will co-create the new economy. These individuals are the young generation who will enter the labor market, and their decisions will affect social and economic processes. The article is based on the results of empirical research carried out as part of the project “New Generation in the New Economy”. The project aims to develop a methodology for cyclical assessment of the economic preparedness of youth for technological revolutions. The research team have developed tools that successfully simulate future challenges which the young generation will face while choosing their career paths. The results presented in this study are based on the task entitled “Self-organization of work and planning activities”. The task is structured according to the idea that realization of plans is possible only when an individual can put them into practice, facilitating economic and social success. The results of the study have shown that students, while remaining in the current education system, have not acquired the analyzed competences at a sufficient level.
English language teaching for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) learners during pandemic era
Authors: Sophya Ida Vera
Published: February 2022

An Autistic child is a child who has special needs and developmental disorders. Therefore, in the teaching learning process, teachers who teach ASD learners need to have some knowledge of students’ needs. The objections of this study are to explain the implementation of English language teaching for ASD learners during the pandemic era and parents’ role in helping ASD learners understand English. This research employed qualitative research. The researchers applied observation, depth interview and documentation in data collection. The results showed that 1) the English language teaching process for ASD at RBA during the pandemic era applied offline and online learning mode. The material of English language teaching for ASD learners was based on the level of ASD diagnosis. The teachers used direct method, TPR, and Lexical method in offline learning, but for online learning, they used Direct and lexical methods. The teachers also utilised pictures or flashcards in offline learning whereas for online learning they gave the students worksheets and did a video call. In giving assessment, the teachers carried out anecdotal notes, checklists, interviews, and retelling stories 2) During the pandemic era, the role of ASD parents was to accompany their child at home pronouncing English vocabularies that had been given by the therapist at RBA. On the other hand, in on-line learning, the role of parents was as a teacher/therapist who gave treatment to their children at home based on therapists’ instructions.
A Four Step Scheme Approach to the Forward-Backward Stochastic Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Li Shilun , Yin Hong
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the authors presented a novel fluid dynamics system, the forward-backward stochastic Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions for incompressible fluid flows. The well-posedness of the system is obtained through a two-step process. First, certain projections of the system to the finite dimensions are employed, and the existence and uniqueness of solutions in finite dimensions are proved via the four step scheme. Then the Galerkin approximation is used to show the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the system in an infinite dimensional functional setup.
Perinatal Depression
Authors: Earls Marian F.
Published: February 2022

Key Points

Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders affect 15% to 20% of mothers from conception to 1 year postpartum and 4% to 25% of fathers.Infants of affected mothers are at risk for impaired social interaction, delays in language and cognitive development, failure to thrive, reactive attachment disorder of infancy, early discontinuation of breastfeeding, and neglect and abuse; longer-term adverse effects can be seen in the child’s learning, memory, behavioral, and emotional adaptation.Formal screening for perinatal depression at infant preventive visits, consistent with the peaks of occurrence, is recommended by Bright Futures, 4th Edition; US Preventive Services Taskforce (2016); and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (2016).Caregivers with a positive screen result and/or symptoms of depression should be triaged for a psychiatric or social emergency and their infants should be screened and followed for potential social-emotional problems.Management is 2-generational.For the parents, demystification, brief interventions to promote the mother-infant relationship and encourage social connections, and referral for evidence-based therapy (individual or couple), emergency medical services, or hospitalizationFor the child, regular monitoring of social-emotional development and Early Intervention Part C servicesFor the mother-infant dyad, evidence-based therapy by a pediatric mental health specialist with expertise in treating infants and young children (0–5 years of age).
The Architectonics of Sensibility in the View of the Theory of Cultural Transfer: Early Prose by Panteleimon Kulish
Authors: Malynovs’ky Artur
Published: February 2022

Due to the expansion of the human issues to the text, various manifestations of emotionality are structured or hidden, unconscious movements and subjective reactions to the world are revealed in the text. The individual becomes the basis for the development of the typology of the emotional images. Such images become public, turn to the carriers of genre, and form narrative matrices. The text becomes a particularly sensitive ﬁeld, a tuning fork, which allows the readers to correlate their own emotions with previous, already experienced, and tested literature. Endowed with powerful cultural and historical meanings, built up and enriched in the perspective of epochs, emotions become a ﬂuid basis for comparisons of human images at the transcultural and transnational levels. They form the tertium comparationis, within which there are a selection and birth of new images of emotion, and thus, the properties of artistic writing, measurements of the sensibility of the text to extraneous trends and inclusions, modern approaches to the interpretation of the tradition. As a result of this longevity, the world of emotions is internalized into history as a memory of the past, which lives in the present and has its internal temporality and cultural stage. However, there is always a constant “theoretical” excess in the variety of manifestations of sensibility, which serves as the basis for their comparisons, assimilations, and distributions. It has no historical layers; it is the criterion and measure of the meeting of even distant images and models on the border, in the ﬁeld of tertium comparationis.

The study of the emotional world of the work involves correlation with the circulation of ideas, worldviews, and aesthetic forms in the melting pot of culture. In this semiotic device, the theory of cultural transfer is formed. It allows going beyond local comparative studies to the level of globalization expansion of objects of interpretation. The founder of transfer analysis M. Espan’ formulated this methodology as the output of literary criticism on the other side of comparative. P. Kulish’s prose is a very interesting phenomenon in the context of this theory. The author resorted to a special technique of intertextual interaction, palimpsest as “embedding” and too sensitive attitude to tradition, rethinking at a cultural distance in fundamentally diﬀerent historical and literary conditions.
Diminutive Contronyms in Ukrainian
Authors: Ruda Natalia
Published: February 2022

In the paper, the phenomenon of diminutive contronymy in the Ukrainian language is investigated. Being a type of polysemy, the contronymy is assumed as a universal semantic category with peculiarities in expressive means and in pragmatic functioning across languages. Contronymy is a deﬁning attribute of diminutives in numerous languages.

The present paper highlights the main causes for the occurrence of opposite meanings in the semantic structure of Ukrainian diminutives and reveals the range of potential ‘positive’ / ‘negative’ connotative semes within a single diminutivized word.

Axiological ambiguity of the concept ‘smallness’ is considered to be the main cause for the occurrence of diminutive contronymy. The phenomenon of contradictory meanings within the category of diminutiveness is explained ﬁrst of all by the fact that the notion ‘smallness’ potentially may be regarded with endearment, aﬀection, tenderness, etc., on the one hand, and with disrespect, derogation, depreciation, etc., on the other hand. Other factors of the occurrence of opposite meanings in the semantics of Ukrainian diminutives are determined as well: a) contextual pejorization or meliorization of the meaning of the diminutive, b) euphemization, c) social inconsistency in the assessment of an object marked with a certain diminutive, d) pragmatic goals of the addresser.

The text-based analysis has testiﬁed that in the Ukrainian language, diminutives with usually positive connotations occasionally may undergo semantic changes depending on the context. Often enough, contextual contronymy of the noun is caused by the adjective.

Diminutives denoting unfavourable, diﬃcult, frightful objects and phenomena are considered as contronyms which are culture-speciﬁc for the Ukrainian language. In the paper, euphemization is regarded to be the main factor for the emergence of this type of contronyms.

Both types of Ukrainian diminutive contronyms (with denotative semantic polarity ‘small’ / ‘large’ and with connotative semantic polarity ‘positive’ / ‘negative’) are analyzed in the work, drawing on Ukrainian literary texts. The pragmatics of diminutive contronymy in the Ukrainian language is outlined as well. The pragmatic use of diminutive contronyms is connected with the expression of positive or negative attitudes, mitigating, irony, sarcasm, etc.

The study has manifested that the phenomenon of contronymy in the Ukrainian language is observed not only in the semantics of diminutivized nouns but also in diminutivized adjectives and, consequently, in diminutivized adverbs as well. The contronymy of the diminutivized adjectives and adverbs relates to formal means (simple or cumulated suﬃxes and reduplication) and is identiﬁed as a potential to express both decreasing and increasing in the gradation of quality.
Spatial narrative research with architecture as the media
Authors: Kang Xue , Medvegy Gabriella , Zhou Yufang
Published: February 2022

With the development of economic globalization and the information age, architecture has gradually become a kind of seal of politics, capital and culture, and is divorced from the spirit and life experience of the existing places in the region. Therefore, the field of architecture constantly seeks new research paradigm from the interdisciplinary perspective and reconsiders the creative activities of architecture. From the late last century, with the introduction of architecture by postmodern philosophy, semiotics, geographical psychology, phenomenology and cultural anthropology, there has been a cross-research between architecture and narratology. The recent research hopes to conduct an in-depth analysis of the theory of architectural spatial narrative and its development in the context of complex disciplines, and to research spatial narrative as a design methodology for architecture.
Changes in joint kinematics and kinetics through the implementation of inter-repetition rest protocols in snatch training
Authors: Tan Kevin , Pagaduan Jeffrey , Janep Mandra , Nadzalan Ali Md
Published: February 2022

Background and Study Aim. Inter-repetition rest pertains to a short period of rest between repetitions during strength training. Manipulating inter-repetition rest may influence fatigue accumulation, manifesting alteration in lifting mechanics.  This study aimed to examine the effects of different inter-repetition rest protocols on joint velocity and ground reaction force during snatch exercise.
Material and Methods. Fifteen male (n=15) athletes participated in this study (age = 23.0 ±2.31 years; body weight = 65.32 ± 1.37 kg; height = 168.80 ± 5.64 cm; snatch one repetition maximum (1RM)/bodyweight = 0.78 ± 0.12), performing three sets of 5 repetitions at 85% 1 Repetition Maximum snatch with 10, 30, or 50 seconds of inter-repetition rest implemented randomly across three sessions. Ankle, knee, and hip kinematics and ground reaction force in the three protocols were used for comparison. The participants visited the exercise science laboratory for four sessions between 0800-1700 hrs. These sessions were separated by 72 hours.
Results. One-way repeated measure analysis of variances (ANOVA) showed a significant effect of inter-repetition rest on the maintenance of kinematic and kinetic variables. The ground reaction force for 10 seconds inter-repetition rest protocol showed a significant drop in force output across repetition (p = .037, p < 0.05).
Conclusions. The utilization of inter-repetition rest in snatch exercise may reduce neuromuscular fatigue across repetitions, maintaining consistent performance output. Specifically, the 50 second inter-repetition rest protocol reduced the negative effect of neuromuscular fatigue in the kinematic and kinetic variables during snatch exercise.
Bioinspired synthesis of thermally stable and mechanically strong nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Xu Guangping , Fan Hongyou , McCoy Chad A. , Mills Melissa M. , Schwarz Jens
Published: February 2022

An innovative biomimetic method has been developed to synthesize layered nanocomposite coatings using silica and sugar-derived carbon to mimic the formation of a natural seashell structure. The layered nanocomposites are fabricated through alternate coatings of condensed silica and sugar. Sugar-derived carbon is a cost-effective material as well as environmentally friendly. Pyrolysis of sugar will form polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets, i.e., carbon black. The resulting final nanocomposite coatings can survive temperatures of more than 1150 °C and potentially up to 1650 °C. These coatings have strong mechanical properties, with hardness of more than 11 GPa and elastic modulus of 120 GPa, which are 80% greater than those of pure silica. The layered coatings have many applications, such as shielding in the form of mechanical barriers, body armor, and space debris shields.

Graphical abstract
La lógica del don en las relaciones humanas: Economía y reciprocidad a la luz de los radicales polianos
Authors: Scalzo Germán , Moreno-Almárcegui Antonio
Published: February 2022

Con el fin de cuestionar la primacía del contrato sobre la lógica del don en la modernidad, se contrastan tres arquetipos de relación social a la luz de los radicales polianos, así como los tipos de reciprocidad que se derivan de cada uno de ellos. A la reciprocidad cerrada-dual moderna se opone la reciprocidad abierta-triádica, que es la que caracteriza a las relaciones de don, tanto en su versión clásica como cristiana. Se concluye que sólo el radical cristiano de la persona integra la lógica del don con el sentido radical de la libertad, desde una antropología que complementa la práctica de virtudes como camino de perfección moral con la apertura a la trascendencia y la ayuda al más necesitado.
Ética del cuidado en Leonardo Polo
Authors: Fernández-García María-Socorro
Published: February 2022

En este trabajo se estudia la aportación que Leonardo Polo hace a la ética del cuidado a partir de dos documentos inéditos que, unidos a su teoría antropológica, proporcionan elementos significativos que pueden ayudar a fundamentar esta disciplina, que apunta a situarse, desde distintos ámbitos y planteamientos intelectuales, en el contexto teórico de la ética, como una pieza importante para dotar a la sociedad de una dimensión humana imprescindible para su adecuado desarrollo como sociedad.
Didactics: Logical Operation – Seration in Preschool
Authors:   Ph.D., College of Vocational Studies for Education of Preschool Teachers and Sport Trainers, Serbia, Slavoljub Hilčenko , Nebojša Jakovljević ,   Msc, College of Vocational Studies for Education of Preschool Teachers and Sport Trainers, Serbia, Sanja Nikolić ,   Ph.D., College of Vocational Studies for Education of Preschool Teachers and Sport Trainers, Serbia
Published: February 2022

The paper presents an example of processing a logical operation – SERATION in preschool. The didactic-methodical approach to processing is traditional which is recommended as a rule and the first step in adopting this topic. Examples of e-tasks using ICT can serve only in the second phase – the phase of determining this content.
The Importance of Teacher Competences in Early School Education
Authors:   Student, the Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, Department of Pedagogy, Young Pedagogues Research Club, Poland, Zubel Magdalena , Mielnikiewicz Joanna ,   Student, the Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, Department of Pedagogy, Young Pedagogues Research Club, Poland, Pater Patrycja ,   Phd, The Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, Faculty of Social Science, Department of Pedagogy, Poland
Published: February 2022

The competences of an early school education teacher play an important role in the process of teaching and upbringing a child at this stage of education. In order to properly develop children’s skills, special attention should be paid to the role played by a competent teacher who guides pupils’ development, gives them knowledge about the world and prepares them for further learning. The aim of the article is to explain the importance of teacher competences in the work with children in early school education. The article has been written on the basis of a bachelor’s thesis, and the presented research results have been based on the responses obtained from the questionnaires addressed to early school education teachers and children’s parents. The research has shown that teacher competences at this stage of education play an important role in the teaching process. According to the respondents, the required competences include psychological, pedagogical, didactic, methodological, and substantive competences. Taking up this issue resulted from the experience gained during the internships, when it was observed that a competent teacher has greater opportunities to carry out educational tasks.
HETEROGENEOUS TRAJECTORIES OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG MEN IN SOUTH AFRICA: EVIDENCE FROM LATENT GROWTH MIXTURE MODELING
Authors:   University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, Marifa Muchemwa , Clifford Odimegwu ,   University of the Witwatersrand, South Afric
Published: February 2022

The study examines the heterogeneous trajectories of depressive symptoms among men experiencing family changes and paying child maintenance in South Africa. A longitudinal study using the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) waves 1 to 5 (2008-2017) was conducted. The Latent Growth Curve Model (LGCM) was used to estimate the trajectory of growth or change in depressive symptoms among men aged 18 years and older in South Africa resulting in a sample of 9,102 men. Two classes of depressive symptoms among men were identified and categorized into the low and high symptom groups. The depressive symptom trajectory for men who experienced a family change was higher than that of men who did not experience a family change for both classes of the depressive symptoms. Men who did not pay child maintenance had higher trajectories of depressive symptoms compared to the men who paid child maintenance for both the low symptom and the high symptom groups. There is a need for specific intervention strategies directed towards the specific classes of depressive symptoms in men. Men should be counseled on the benefits of financially supporting their children without being compelled to do so by law.
Karlag in the Fate of the Scientist Alexandra Zaitseva
Authors:   Eurasian National University, Mussagaliyeva Arailym , Mussabekova Roza ,   Eurasian National University
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The article examines the activities of the Russian repressed scientist, agronomistsoil scientist, laureate of the Lenin Prize in the field of agriculture Alexandra Zaitseva and her contribution to the development of agriculture in Kazakhstan. Materials. The article uses archival documents, and many sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In particular, the documents of the State Archive of Karaganda region on scientific and technical documentation, the State Archive of Akmola region and materials of periodicals of those years were studied. Analysis and results. The authors comprehensively investigate her scientific activities in Akmola and Karaganda regions and pay special attention to her contribution and new scientific discoveries in the steppe arid zone. The study examines the merits of A. Zaitseva in the opening of an experimental station as part of the Akmola camp of wives of “traitors to the Motherland”, known as the women’s camp in the Soviet Union. It also presents her activities as a researcher in Karlag as a head of the department of agrotechnics and agrochemistry during the Great Patriotic War and in the difficult post-war years. In particular, her contribution to the sowing of winter wheat on the stubble of spring crops and grassland crop-rotation, introduced into the production practice of collective and state farms in Karaganda region. Separately, her activities in the All-Union Research Institute of Grain Farming in Akmola region as a head of the department of agrosoil science have been investigated. Particular attention is paid to her participation in the practices to reduce wind erosion while developing virgin and fallow lands in Northern Kazakhstan.
Formation of the Digital Elite As a New Stratum of the Global Information Society
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kochetkov Alexander
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of formation of the digital elite, determines the legitimacy and regularity of its appearance as a new stratum of the global information society. The paper shows that the study of the process of formation of the digital elite, and the strengthening of its power components is relevant and at the same time complex, with no unambiguous judgments in modern political science. It requires increased attention of the Russian state to the problems of information security and the protection of information sovereignty. Methods and materials. When preparing the article, the author relied on the concept of the global information society, as well as a systematic analysis of the digital society and its strata as a single, complexly organized organism. The methods of comparative analysis, structural and institutional approach and scientific forecasting were used. Analysis. The author examines the general trends of the genesis of the global digital society, the current stage of human development, determines the essence and main features of the new emerging social stratum of this society – the transnational digital elite, its significance and influence on the development of world and Russian society. The article substantiates the thesis that through the digital management of society and the economy, transnational elites have the potential to establish global world governance in the long term. However, according to the author, such a prospect is not deterministic, but is only one of the options for the future development of mankind. The paper also reveals some features of the modern Russian digital transformation, examines the possibilities of the emergence of the Russian digital elite. Results. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the formation of the digital elite occurs as a result of the gradual transformation of the ruling national and transnational elites, their transition to digital management technologies.
An investigation into policy implementation by primary school principals in the Free State province
Authors: Thajane S.B. , Masitsa M.G.
Published: February 2022

Despite numerous attempts by the Free State Department of Education to train primary school principals on how to design and implement school policies, numerous schools do not implement school policies satisfactorily. In this article we examine the implementation of school policies in township primary schools in the Free State province, South Africa. The sample of the study consisted of 60 township primary school principals who were randomly selected from 160 township primary schools across the province. The participants completed a questionnaire based on policy implementation in township primary schools. Prior to completion, the questionnaire was tested for reliability using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The questionnaire was found to have a reliability score of 0.909, which indicates a high level of internal consistency. The questionnaire was electronically analysed using the SPSS. The results of the analysis reveal that some school policies were reasonably well implemented at schools, while other policies were poorly implemented. This article concludes with recommendations on addressing the problem.
Health care quality and changes in the clinical characteristics of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome in a regional vascular center during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dil S. V. , Demyanov S. V. , Ryabov V. V. , Popov S. V.
Published: February 2022

Aim. To perform a comparative assessment of the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and health care quality during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Material and methods. Data obtained from medical records were used. Statistical processing was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software package. The analysis included patients with NSTE-ACS treated in 2020 (n=524) and 2019 (n=395). The group for further analysis consisted of patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction treated in 2020 (n=233) compared to 2019 (n=221).

Results. An increase in the relative number of patients with unstable angina in the NSTE-ACS group was revealed. COVID-19 was verified in 5,5% of patients with NSTE-ACS. Of these, pneumonia was diagnosed in 10 (34,5%) patients, while 11 (37,9%) patients were transferred to pulmonary hospitals. The remaining 18 (62,1%) patients were discharged for outpatient treatment. Infected patients had a higher risk of in-hospital mortality according to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score relative to general cohort of patients — 2,0 (1,0; 9,0) vs 1,0 (0,8; 3,0) (p=0,04). In addition, 215 (92,3%) patients underwent invasive coronary angiography, which is higher than in 2019 (78,7%) (p<0,001). An increase in revascularization prevalence in patients ≥75 years old was found (p=0,01).

Conclusion. COVID-19 pandemic has led to a change in the clinical characteristics of patients, while not having a significant impact on the scope of endovascular interventions and health care quality for patients with NSTE-ACS in the emergency cardiology department.
Modern requirements for information graphics in research articles
Authors: Rodionova Yu. V.
Published: February 2022

In September 2021, the Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases published a practical guideline “Promoting the research results using infographic tools and graphical summaries”, which describes data visualization in research articles. The use of infographics in scientific articles becomes more and more popular. Therefore, researchers began to ask more often: how to create a graphical summary or a short presentation with the research results? The article outlines the basic principles of graphical data representation that will help authors in preparing publications.
Ethical competence as a component of physician education
Authors: Taratukhin E. O.
Published: February 2022

In practice, a doctor constantly deals with difficult ethical situations, which requires optimal decisions. From weighing risks and benefits of an intervention to the need to change patient values in order to achieve prevention goals and increase compliance, questions of good and bad in a given situation are inevitable. At the same time, the deontological imperative, that is, ethical codes and moral authorities, indicate what is right, but do not provide information on how to achieve the right. In each situation, decisions are made by the individual, and it is the individual’s competence to make optimal decisions that requires development. Ethical training of doctors, both in the university period and in continuous education, will allow achieving the best results in working with patients, while not wasting mental resources and not leading to professional burnout.
Value of duplex ultrasound of carotid and lower extremity arteries in the restratification of cardiovascular risk and initiation of lipid-lowering therapy
Authors: Genkel V. V. , Kuznetsova A. S. , Pykhova L. R. , Lebedev E. V. , Salashenko A. O. , Shaposhnik I. I.
Published: February 2022

Aim. To study the role of duplex ultrasound (DU) of carotid and lower extremity arteries in the restratification of cardiovascular risk (CVR) and changing the indications for lipid-lowering therapy.

Material and methods. The study included 291 patients aged 40-64 years without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. All patients underwent DU of carotid and.

Results. Carotid DU make it possible to restratify 140 (65,7%) patients with low/moderate CVR (out of 213) into the category of high/very high CVR. Lower extremity artery DU resulted in the restratification of 101 (47,4%) patients with low/moderate CVR (out of 213) into the category of high/very high CVR. The use of a multifocal ultrasound technique demonstrated the highest restratification power and allowed 161 (75,6%) patients (out of 213) to be assigned to the high/very high CVR group. The use of peripheral arterial DU led to an increase in the number of high-risk patients by 2,33-3,02 times. The proportion of persons with indications for lipid-lowering therapy increased from 50 (21,0%) patients to 170 (71,4%).

Conclusion. In patients aged 40-64 years without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, the use of DU of carotid and lower extremity arteries made it possible to classify 75,6% of patients with low/moderate CVR in the group of patients with high and very high CVR. According to CVR reclassification, the proportion of patients with indications for lipid-lowering therapy increased from 21,0 to 71,4% of patients.
Domains and directionality in Kinande vowel harmony: a Correspondence approach
Authors: Downing Laura J. , Krämer Martin
Published: February 2022

The ATR vowel harmony patterns observed in Kinande have received persistent attention for their combination of stem control and dominance, as well as less familiar phenomena such as dominance reversal and cross-word harmony. This paper provides a Syntagmatic Correspondence analysis of the Kinande vowel harmony system and demonstrates that it straightforwardly accounts for the intricate interaction of featural, directional and morpho-prosodic domain restrictions that define the occurring harmony patterns. The analysis obviates an appeal to dominance reversal, and cross-word harmony is shown to be phonological, not phonetic (contra Archangeli & Pulleyblank 2002; Kaisse 2019), yielding to a non-stratal analysis in the approach adopted. The analysis thus provides additional evidence for incorporating directionality into the formalization of Syntagmatic Correspondence constraints and for morpho-prosodic domain limitations on these and other OT constraints.
The Discursive Functions of Deliberative Voting
Authors: Serota Kristie , O'Doherty Kieran C.
Published: February 2022

This study aims to build on Moore and O'Doherty's (2014) proposal to integrate deliberative voting procedures into deliberative processes. Deliberative voting has been proposed to recognize collective endpoints of deliberation and solicit key reasons from participants for supporting (or rejecting) collective decisions. This article further develops the theoretical understanding of the function of embedding voting procedures in deliberative processes. Using discursive psychological analysis, we provide an analysis of transcripts from a public deliberation event on cancer drug funding policy to gain a deeper understanding of the discursive dynamics of deliberative voting. We investigate how participants use deliberative voting as a communication tool to signal three types of disagreement: actual, nuanced, and marginal. We pay particular attention to the role of the facilitator in the deliberative voting process and the role of the voting process in shaping the outputs of the deliberation. Finally, we recommend deliberation practitioners and facilitators should engage in reflexive investigation into how power operates within deliberative voting and deliberation events broadly.
Translating strong obligation in Slovene and English legal texts: A bidirectional study
Authors: Jelovšek Tjaša
Published: February 2022

Normative legal texts prescribe the manner of conduct – they impose obligations, permissions or prohibitions. As law has a great impact on reality, linguistic expressions of strong obligation and their use are a valuable topic. The goal of this research was to analyse how the use of two modals, i.e., morati and must, differs in the source and target texts of Slovene and EU legislation. To do so, a bidirectional bilingual corpus containing almost 600,000 words was compiled. The corpus consisted of the subcorpus of Slovene legislation in Slovene (source) and English (target), and the subcorpus of EU legislation in English and Slovene. The analysis has shown some differences in the use of the two modals: morati is more frequently used than must in both subcorpora; there is an important difference in the use of both modals between Slovene and EU legislation. Some shifts in the degree of strength of obligation were also found, however some proved to be successful translations nonetheless.
Circular RNA circ_0020014 contributes to osteoarthritis progression via miR-613/ADAMTS5 axis
Authors: Yu Zirui , Cong Fei , Zhang Wentao , Song Tao , Zhang Shihui , Jiang Renqi
Published: February 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to be significant regulators in osteoarthritis (OA), whereas the functional effect of circ_0020014 in OA remains unclear. Our goal was to try and understand the underlying regulatory mechanism of circ_0020014 in OA. The cartilage tissue was obtained from OA patients and trauma patients. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated chondrocytes (CHON-001) were used as the in vitro cellular model for OA. The expression levels of circ_0020014, microRNA-613 (miR-613), and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5) were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The protein level was detected using the western blot assay. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The secretion of inflammatory cytokine was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Circ_0020014 was upregulated in OA cartilage tissues and IL-1β-treated CHON-001 cells, compared with that in healthy cartilage tissues and untreated cells. IL-1β treatment induced cell injury by promoting inflammation and apoptosis, and inhibiting cell viability and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in chondrocytes. Circ_0020014 knockdown significantly protected CHON-001 cells from IL-1β-induced cell dysfunction. MiR-613 was targeted by circ_0020014 and negatively regulated ADAMTS5 expression. In addition, miR-613 downregulation or ADAMTS5 overexpression partly lessened the protective effect of circ_0020014 knockdown on IL-1β-treated CHON-001 cells. Collectively, circ_0020014 acted as a miR-613 sponge to regulate ADAMTS5 expression, thereby protecting chondrocytes from IL-1β-induced inflammatory damage, which might be a novel diagnostic marker for OA.