bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogen Characterization of Fresh and Stored Mesophilic Anaerobically Digested Biosolids
Authors: Flemming Cecily A. , Simhon Albert , Odumeru Joseph A.
Published: January 2017

Culturable bacterial pathogens (Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria, Yersinia) and indicators (E. coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens) were quantified at six water resource recovery facilities that land apply anaerobically digested biosolids in Ontario, Canada. Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia were also quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Salmonella and Listeria were frequently detected in sludge and liquid biosolids (70–100% of samples) but less often in fresh dewatered cake biosolids (50–60%); with low levels in fresh cake (<100 cells/g dw). Yersinia were in 20 to 30% of samples, typically at very low levels (<10 cell/g dw). Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in 80 and 20% of cake biosolids at geometric means of 270 cysts/g dw and 70 oocysts/g dw, respectively. E. coli reduction was typically >2‐log10 while pathogen reduction was variable. “Sudden increase” of pathogens was not observed, however, Salmonella and E. coli showed regrowth (at 1 to 3 orders of magnitude) after 2‐ to 3‐day storage at 30 °C.
Enhanced Aerobic Sludge Granulation by Seeding Concentrated Activated Sludge with Ca‐Alginate Gel
Authors: Sun Can , Zhan Hanhui , Wang Liangjie
Published: January 2017

The present study focuses on the effect of Ca‐alginate gel on aerobic sludge granulation. Three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) seeded with different mixtures of Ca‐alginate gel and activated sludge with the fraction (weight/weight of dry biomass) of 0%, 5.5%, and 15.5%, respectively. The granulation time of 14 days was obtained with 5.5% additive, while 32 days were needed to adapt aerobic granules developed with 0% Ca‐alginate gel. Full granulation was achieved in the trial with 15.5% additive from the 20th day. Comparing with granules in reactor 1, the granules cultivated with Ca‐alginate gel exhibited attributes of much faster settling velocities, higher biomass retention, greater mechanical strength, and better nutrient‐removing capability. The alginate‐metal gel may be the structural polymer of aerobic granules and offer bacteria the inhabitancy and protection, which is beneficial to retain more biomass and improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment.
Investigating the Influence of Spirituality, Environmental Concern and Ecological Knowledge on Consumers' Green Purchase Intention
Authors: Joshi Yatish
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the influence of spirituality, environmental concern and ecological knowledge on
consumers green purchase intention. The sample was undergraduate students of the University of Delhi.
Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, this study found that spirituality, environmental concern
and ecological knowledge significantly influenced consumers green purchase intention. Therefore, this
study supports the idea that spirituality, environmental concern and ecological knowledge should
correspond to a stronger desire to consume the pro-environmental product. Further, this research finding
may help public policy makers in fostering green consumption and marketers in designing sustainable
marketing strategies.
Stakeholders' Welfare and Arthashastra: Learning for Modern Business Management
Authors: Goel Utkarsh , Manrai Rishi
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the influence of spirituality, environmental concern and ecological knowledge on
consumers green purchase intention. The sample was undergraduate students of the University of Delhi.
Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, this study found that spirituality, environmental concern
and ecological knowledge significantly influenced consumers green purchase intention. Therefore, this
study supports the idea that spirituality, environmental concern and ecological knowledge should
correspond to a stronger desire to consume the pro-environmental product. Further, this research finding
may help public policy makers in fostering green consumption and marketers in designing sustainable
marketing strategies.
A flint artefact (Accession No. DONMG 2016.7.1) from Lindholme, South Yorkshire
Authors: Saville Alan , Buckland Paul C.
Published: January 2017

One of the last papers which Alan was working on when he died was a short note on a flint artefact from the surface of a gravel scrape at Lindholme in South Yorkshire. This was found during fieldwork by Robert Friend, a postgraduate student in Geography at the University of Edinburgh, working on the limits of the last glaciation in the Vale of York (Friend 2011). The results of this have been published elsewhere (Bateman et al. 2015; Friend et al. 2016), but the context of the artefact is ambivalent and Alan’s appendix on the flint was judged too archaeological and site specific for inclusion in either paper. It is a find, however, worth placing on record as one of a number of scattered surface finds of Upper Palaeolithic affinity from the region (compare with Garton et al. 2016; Grassam & Weston 2015; Harding et al. 2014).
Desenhando territórios: a cartografia de Cândido Mendes e o “Nordeste” brasileiro do século XIX
Authors: Dantas George Alexandre Ferreira , Ferreira Angela Lúcia , Simonini Yuri
Published: January 2017

Em meados do século XIX, a articulação sistematizada do território da nação brasileira foi formulada como ponto-chave para a estruturação da economia e da sociedade modernas. Esse intento ultrapassava as antigas demandas de controle geopolítico e encontrou nas estiagens prolongadas nas “províncias do norte” um sério problema. Falar de nova estrutura territorial pressupõe indagar: que conhecimentos e informações iconográficas sobre o território em reorganização tinham aqueles que adentraram no “Brasil desconhecido”? Discutir pertinências e limites do uso das fontes cartográficas como documentos que permitam compreender as ações sistematizadas sobre o território nordestino é o objetivo deste artigo. Para tanto, privilegiar-se-á o “Atlas do Império do Brazil”, organizado por Cândido Mendes de Almeida, em 1868, com ênfase nas províncias mais atingidas pelas secas: CE, RN, PE e PB. O Atlas é lido assim dentro da trama de relações da formação da cultura técnica moderna no Brasil e, mais especificamente, dos processos que levariam à definição da região Nordeste. Palavras-chave: atlas; Cândido Mendes; cultura técnica; Império; reconfiguração territorial; Nordeste/Brasil. Abstract: In the mid-nineteenth century, the systematic articulation of Brazilian territory was formulated as an essential issue to forge modern economy and society. This attempt overcame old geopolitical control demands and delineated long-term droughts in “northern provinces” as one of the major problems. Thus, it is fundamental to investigate which knowledge and cartographical information were handled by those who went upon “unknown Brazil”. This article aims to analyze the limits of cartographical sources as historical documents to comprehend planned and systematic actions on the territory of Brazilian Northeast. For this analysis, we focus on the “Atlas do Império do Brazil” [Atlas of Brazilian Empire], edited by Cândido Mendes de Almeida, in 1868, emphasizing the provinces of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco and Paraíba, the most affected by the climate phenomena. The Atlas may be understood, therefore, as part of the arena of relationships which developed modern technical culture in Brazil and, more specifically, as part of the processes that lead to the definition of Northeast as an official region. Keywords: atlas; Cândido Mendes; technical culture; Empire; territorial reconfiguration, Northeast/Brazil.
Mudanças paradigmáticas, entre a formulação e a implementação: política urbana e gestão do Patrimônio da União no Brasil
Authors: Leal Suely Maria Ribeiro , Borges Jennifer Dos Santos
Published: January 2017

O texto trata das mudanças introduzidas na Política Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio da União no Brasil, relacionando-as aos paradigmas de desenvolvimento urbano, que fundamentaram também a instauração do aparato institucional da política urbana atual. Procura-se discutir o papel do Estado na condução dessas políticas públicas no novo contexto da acumulação urbana das cidades e sua articulação com os interesses de mercado e as demandas da sociedade civil. Argumenta-se que a prioridade conferida à construção de um forte aparato institucional apoiado na primazia do planejamento inclusivo no nível da formulação da política, defronta-se com a interferência de fatores de ordem local no nível da implementação, levando a gestão a ser conduzida efetivamente em consonância com o arranjo de forças que constitui a governança urbana. Palavras-chave: políticas públicas; política urbana; governança; Patrimônio da União. Abstract: This paper analyzes the changes introduced to the Política Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio da União no Brasil (National Policy of the Union Patrimony Management in Brazil), relating them to the paradigms of urban development, which grounded also the establishment of the institutional apparatus of the present urban policy. The State’s role in conducting such policies in the new context of urban accumulation and its articulation with the market interest and demands of civil society are discussed. It is argued that the priority given to building a strong institutional apparatus supporting the primacy of an including planning at the level of policy formulation, once confronted with the interference of local factors at the implementation level, led the administration to be conducted, in fact, according to the arrangement of the forces that constitute the urban governance. Keywords: public policies; urban policies; governance; Union Patrimony.
Arraiais e vilas d’el rei: espaço e poder nas Minas setecentistas
Authors: Cymbalista Renato
Published: January 2017

Arraiais e vilas d’el rei: espaço e poder nas Minas setecentistas Claudia Damasceno Fonseca,Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 2011.
Movilidad social espacial en los asentamientos informales de Buenos Aires
Authors: Van Gelder Jean-Louis , Cravino María Cristina , Ostuni Fernando
Published: January 2017

Como na maioria das cidades da América Latina, uma das formas de acesso central à terra e à habitação para os setores populares em Buenos Aires é através da criação de assentamentos informais. Este artigo analisa o desenvolvimento da informalidade urbana, os padrões de mobilidade social e trajetórias residenciais em empreendimentos informais e na Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, durante as últimas décadas. Usando a informação quantitativa (gerada com pesquisas próprias) e as informações qualitativas (obtidas através de entrevistas em profundidade, complementadas pela observação de campo), pretende-se mostrar a existência de uma variedade considerável nas perspectivas e estratégias que os atores usam para construir a posse segura de sua casas. Nesta base, além disso, o texto discute como as políticas públicas e marcos legais constituem não só uma condição para o desenvolvimento da informalidade como um fenômeno, mas até mesmo influenciar a forma e as características adquiridas. Palavras-chave: assentamentos informais; mobilidade social; mobilidade residencial; Buenos Aires; política pública. Abstract: As in most Latin American cities, in Buenos Aires one of the most usual ways low income families can access to land and housing is through the creation of informal settlements. This article examines the development of urban informality, patterns of social mobility and residential trajectories into and between informal settlements in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires during the last decades. Using quantitative information (generated with own surveys) and qualitative (obtained through in-depth interviews, supplemented by field observation) we intend to show the existence of a considerable variety in the perspectives and strategies that social actors use to build tenure security of their homes. On this basis, additionally the text discusses how public policies and legal frameworks not only constitute a condition for the development of informality as a phenomenon, but even influence the shape and characteristics acquired. Keywords: informal settlements; social mobility; residential paths; Buenos Aires; public policy.
Subsidiariedade e planejamento urbano em contextos comparados: uma análise entre Portugal, Itália e Brasil
Authors: Geraldi Juliano
Published: January 2017

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo compreender como o conceito de subsidiariedade opera os instrumentos de planejamento urbano em contextos comparados. Entendemos que o que se deve estabelecer como ponto de partida não é uma simples análise do grau de descentralização e participação dos países escolhidos, mas sim de como se dá a relação entre Estado e sociedade no planejamento urbano. A escolha de Portugal, Itália e Brasil para a análise comparada se dá por representarem as três formas de organização vertical do Poder: unitária, regional e federativa. Para a interpretação dos casos decidiu-se por diferenciar subsidiariedade vertical de subsidiariedade horizontal na utilização dos parâmetros de análise, nomeadamente: os sujeitos, os objetos e as asserções normativas.Palavras-chave: subsidiariedade; planejamento urbano; Portugal; Itália; Brasil. Abstract: A principal way of accessing housing for the urban poor in Buenos Aires is through the illegal occupation of land, thereby creating informal settlements. This article examines the development of informality, patterns of social mobility and residential trajectories within and between informal settlements in Argentina’s capital in recent decades. Using survey and interview data among residents in a variety of informal settlements complemented with field observation and secondary data, it is shown that there is much variation in dwellers’ perspectives and the strategies they employ to secure their tenure and livelihoods. Furthermore, it is shown how government policy and law condition not only the emergence of informality, but also the particular shape it takes. Keywords: subsidiarity; urban planning; Portugal; Italy; Brazil.
Urbanismo na Era Vargas: a transformação das cidades brasileiras
Authors: Fridman Fania
Published: January 2017

Urbanismo na Era Vargas: a transformação das cidades brasileirasVera F. Rezende (Org.),Niterói: Editora da UFF; Intertexto, 2012.
Editorial
Authors: Brandão Carlos , Sánchez Fernanda , Lago Luciana Correa do
Published: January 2017

A RBEUR sempre teve no centro de seu projeto editorial a necessidade de procurar abri- gar a riqueza e a diversidade das leituras postas a cada momento na comunidade anpuriana, ao mesmo tempo em que busca estar atenta às problemáticas e aos temas emergentes em seu campo de conhecimento.
Novas formas associativas na produção recente de moradia social no Brasil
Authors: Camargo Camila Moreno de
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo aborda aspectos relacionados à produção habitacional da modalidade “Entidades” do programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida, a partir de observações de campo. Pretende-se elaborar uma chave de leitura que destaque, no contexto de atendimento do programa federal mencionado, as entidades organizadoras e os diferentes graus de vinculação e relação que estabelecem com os movimentos de luta por moradias nacionais, a sociedade e o próprio Estado. Tais questões vêm se construindo e nos mostram certa urgência de análise e pesquisas mais aprofundadas, no sentido de avançar na discussão acerca da produção habitacional por meio da autogestão no Brasil, visto que, ainda que inexpressivo do ponto de vista quantitativo e em comparação com a produção mais massiva empreendida pelo mercado, ela nos revela uma série de transformações que vem redefinindo as relações sociais e a produção do espaço urbano contemporâneo. Palavras-chave: habitação de interesse social; Minha Casa, Minha Vida; entidades; movimentos sociais; política habitacional. Abstract: In response to the global economic crisis of 2009, the brazilian government launched the Minha Casa, Minha Vida – MCMV program, with the purpose of producing one million houses in the country. In its second phase, currently the program aims to produce another two million housing in the country. This production occurs by means partnership among actors at the various political, commercial, social and voluntary levels. In this context, this article aims to develop a new key for reading the entities responsible for organising the construction of the project contracted and the different degrees of attachment and relationship they establish with the national fight for housing movements, the society and the state itself, in the composition of demand and performance location. Such questions show some urgency in the analysis and further research for advancing in discussion about housing production through self-management in Brazil, it reveals a series of transformations that has been redefining social relations and production of contemporary urban space. Keywords: social interest housing; “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”; entities; social movements; housing policy.
Grandes projetos, grandes eventos, turistificação do território: da produção cultural à mercantilização e espetacularização da cidade e da cultura urbana
Authors: Esteves Junior Milton , Rangel Nunes Orlando Vinicius , Passos Rafael De Melo
Published: January 2017

Este artigo critica o planejamento urbano e a produção do território fundados no incentivo aos processos de espetacularização, patrimonialização, cenarização e museificação do território, que costumam destituir os Valores do patrimônio do circuito da vida pública ao valorizarem os bens patrimoniais e as atividades culturais por matizes e objetivos exclusivamente econômicos. Além disso, o city marketing elege e cristaliza os ícones territoriais, banalizando-os através de propagandas massivas. Esses fatores se verificam por meio de diversas consequências, como a redução das relações afetivas entre habitantes e seus entornos e o esvaziamento dos valores simbólicos e afetivos dos lugares. Trata-se de atacar os grandes projetos, os grandes eventos e o turismo predatório, atrelados à hegemonia do capital econômico, e de defender o potencial do ambiente no desempenho de papéis fundamentais à participação social efetiva na produção, na manutenção e no desfrute dos benefícios do patrimônio, do território e de suas territorialidades.
Uma nova pobreza urbana? A financeirização do consumo na periferia de São Paulo
Authors: Santos Kauê Lopes dos
Published: January 2017

Em tempos de globalização, o capital financeiro tornou-se um aspecto essencial no estudo da pobreza urbana brasileira, uma vez que a expansão da disponibilidade e do acesso ao crédito viabilizou a aquisição de bens eletrônicos modernos por parte daqueles que vivem nas periferias metropolitanas. Em São Paulo, a particularidade desse processo reside no fato de que não houve uma mudança significativa na renda familiar, tampouco nos índices de desemprego da população. Além disso, apesar das fortes mudanças no padrão de consumo nas periferias, seus habitantes continuam vivendo sob situação precária e em bairros marcados pela falta de investimento em infraestruturas e serviços básicos. A partir desses contrastes na vida da população de baixa renda, procuramos entender em que medida o capital financeiro está transformando a pobreza urbana e o espaço periférico.
Perímetro urbano flexível, urbanização sob demanda e incompleta: o papel do Estado frente ao desafio do planejamento da expansão urbana
Authors: Santoro Paula Freire
Published: January 2017

As políticas territoriais municipais paulistas têm interferido pouco no processo de urbanização das áreas de transição rural-urbana, de forma a controlar o crescimento urbano horizontal e planejá-lo com qualidade. Momentos de governos centralizadores do país – Estado Novo e governo militar – foram períodos de muita normatização, recursos públicos e crescimento urbano, e são exemplares de flexibilizações e coalisões em torno de que crescer é desenvolver-se. Novas tipologias urbanas – loteamentos fechados, ranchos, sítios – se dão onde há pouca resistência à mudança de uso rural para urbano, grande oscilação da produção e baixos preços da terra rural, investimentos no sistema rodoviário e estímulo ao uso de veículos individuais. A análise das normas territoriais de 100 municípios paulistas, elaboradas na década de 2000, mostrou que, cada vez mais, as normas são flexíveis, híbridas, de modo a responder às diferentes demandas do mercado ou a enfrentar as restrições federais às novas tipologias de urbanização.
Cartografia social, terra e território
Authors: Fonseca Carolina Ferreira da
Published: January 2017

Cartografia social, terra e territórioHenri Acselrad (Org.),Rio de Janeiro: IPPUR/UFRJ, 2013.Coleção Território, Ambiente e Conflitos Sociais.
Rebel Cities: from the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution
Authors: Ventura Neto Raul Da Silva
Published: January 2017

Rebel Cities: from the Right to the City to the Urban RevolutionDavid Harvey,New York: Verso, 2012.
Políticas de renovação e regeneração urbana em Liverpool, Inglaterra: a construção de uma distopia urbana através de parcerias público-privadas
Authors: Köhler André Fontan
Published: January 2017

O artigo aborda os principais projetos de renovação e regeneração urbana de Liverpool, Inglaterra, desde os anos 1980, dentro de um quadro no qual esse tipo de política assume crescente importância na agenda pública. Seu principal objetivo é compreender a lógica e os resultados advindos desses projetos, que respondem ao (novo) papel do Estado, à reestruturação econômica e à ascensão de políticas macroeconômicas (neo)liberais. Avalia-se que eles criaram espaços espetaculares e “utópicos,” tendo sido bem sucedidos em seus próprios termos, mas que, em conjunto, formam uma urbanidade distópica, marcada pela transformação de espaços públicos em privados, criação de uma cidade monolítica, através de processos de limpeza social, e adoção de princípios (neo)liberais na gestão urbana.
O marketing urbano e a questão racial na era dos megaempreendimentos e eventos no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Oliveira Denilson Araujo de
Published: January 2017

Nosso objetivo neste artigo é investigar como se inscrevem espacialmente as práticas racistas por meio das políticas de city-marketing na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Sugerimos duas possibilidades de análise: 1. o marketing urbano como instrumento político e ideológico na produção, apropriação e uso da cidade, de forma cordial e racialmente democrática para atrair turistas, grandes investimentos, empreendimentos e eventos; 2. a gestão racista do espaço urbano como um mecanismo de controle e instituidor de uma ordem socioespacial. Para isso, avaliaremos algumas das atuais políticas dos governos municipal, estadual e federal que têm criado intervenções urbanas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
Rio de Janeiro “tipo Colômbia”: jogo de escalas, controle territorial e segurança urbana
Authors: Monteiro Licio Caetano Do Rego
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a política de implantação das Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP) no Rio de Janeiro a partir de uma comparação com a experiência das políticas de segurança desenvolvidas na Colômbia nos marcos da Política de Consolidação da Segurança Democrática (2007). Numa análise comparativa, identificamos a transição de uma imagem negativa da violência colombiana, usada de diferentes maneiras para se referir à situação de violência urbana do Rio de Janeiro, para uma imagem positiva do modelo colombiano de segurança, assimilado no contexto das políticas de segurança pública na metrópole carioca. O uso do modelo colombiano como referência para analisar a política de segurança pública no Rio de Janeiro não se prende somente à transferência de experiências de políticas públicas (policy transfer), mediada pelos atores institucionais, mas inclui processos mais ou menos espontâneos, como a produção da imagem urbana (ou nacional, no caso da Colômbia), as estratégias de controle territorial, a relação entre segurança e ganhos econômicos, a combinação entre modalidades de segurança pública e segurança privada criminal e os efeitos de “integração excludente” no tecido socioespacial urbano.
Cultura náutica e patrimônio material: um olhar sobre a Costa da Lagoa, Ilha de Santa Catarina
Authors: Antunes da Luz Esdras Pio , Martins Pedro
Published: January 2017

A Ilha de Santa Catarina, malgrado sua condição e potencial para o emprego do transporte náutico, tem como seu principal, e quase exclusivo, modal de transporte de massas o transporte rodoviário. A única exceção presente na Ilha é a localidade da Costa da Lagoa. Nessa localidade, a população optou conscientemente pela exclusão do transporte rodoviário, elegendo como seu modal exclusivo o transporte náutico. O texto, elaborado a partir de pesquisa empírica de caráter qualitativo, trata de resgatar o histórico da localidade e sua formação cultural e inventariar a diversidade de embarcações utilizadas para o transporte de pessoas, tanto público quanto privado. Aponta o texto para uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de planejamento urbano a partir das características geográficas da Ilha.
A ANPUR e a construção do campo científico brasileiro (2007-2009)
Authors: Castro Edna
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre uma parte da trajetória da ANPUR transcorrida na Gestão 2007-2009, quando estive na direção da instituição, como sua presidente. Uma escrita com o distanciamento de cinco anos que provavelmente carrega omissões indesejadas, mas permite um balanço mais longo do papel dessa Associação na construção do campo científico brasileiro.
Cidades, fronteiras e diversidades na Amazônia
Authors: Figueiredo Silvio Lima , Ravena Nirvia
Published: January 2017

Cidades na FlorestaEdna Castro (Org.),São Paulo: Annablume, 2009.
A metrópole e as perfídias do capital: uma análise da relação entre Estado, megaeventos esportivos e grandes projetos de desenvolvimento urbano na (re)produção do capital e da cidade contemporânea
Authors: Nascimento Alexandre Sabino do
Published: January 2017

Acredita-se que o capitalismo passa por mais uma de suas crises e que a forma que vem encontrando para sair de suas crises cíclicas inclui a produção do espaço. Assim, questiona-se, neste artigo, quais as possíveis consequências para o desenvolvimento de metrópoles como o Recife da relação entre Estado, megaeventos esportivos e capital financeiro no contexto da produção de Grandes Projetos de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional, e sua relação com a reprodução do capital. Conclui-se que a Copa de 2014 significa um extraordinário instrumento de legitimação de grandes projetos de transformação do tecido urbano, com vistas a intensificar retornos privados em termos de valorização imobiliária e financeira, haja vista a dimensão dos recursos públicos envolvidos e o regime jurídico excepcional de que são beneficiários, justificando-se os elevados custos aos cofres públicos e permitindo o encontro de interesses entre agentes locais e estrangeiros para reestruturar o espaço urbano de metrópoles em benefício da expansão e valorização dos capitais envolvidos.
Editorial
Authors: Brandão Carlos , Sánchez Fernanda , Valença Márcio
Published: January 2017

A publicação, pela RBEUR, de uma segunda parte do dossiê sobre Cidade, espetacularização e os grandes projetos indica a atualidade desta discussão. Foram muitas as submissões e, mesmo após a criteriosa seleção que é característica do padrão da revista, o número de artigos selecionados não coube em uma só edição. Assim, publicamos neste número, no núcleo temático, mais sete artigos que compõem o dossiê. O dossiê completo, juntando os trabalhos aqui publicados com os que foram publicados no v. 16 / n. 1 da RBEUR, totaliza 14 artigos.
Corporate innovation and corporate governance: A study of US firms
Authors: Roychoudhury Saurav , Egorov Alexei
Published: January 2017

The paper relates corporate governance to firm’s total factor productivity growth of U.S. firms from 1990 to 2004. Given technological constraints, some firms are very efficient whereas others are not and some firms have much faster rates of innovation and productivity growth than others. Are these differences due to chance or are there some factors contributing to higher total factor productivity growth? In this paper, we find evidence that firms with stronger shareholder rights have higher total factor productivity growth. By employing the governance index compiled by Gompers, Ishii, and Metrick (2003), we determine that the effect of governance on productivity varies positively with the quality of corporate governance. Furthermore, this relationship is strongest among firms which have the strongest shareholder rights.
Board structure, institutional pressures and corporate voluntary disclosures
Authors: Arshad Roshayani , Atan Ruhaya , Darus Faizah
Published: January 2017

Corporate disclosure has been subjected to calls for corporate transparency by corporate governance movement as a matter of good corporate governance. Managers face substantial pressure to make more transparent disclosure of their activities to promote efficient governance of their companies or risk losing legitimacy from the perspectives of the investors and other stakeholders. Using the annual reports of 155 Malaysian listed companies, this study investigates the competing effects of board structure and institutional pressures on the extent and credibility of corporate voluntary disclosure during the period when public listed companies in Malaysia faced new corporate governance regulation. This study provides evidence that under the influence of dominant owners on board, management voluntary disclosure decisions are driven by mimetic pressures when their company is structured to meet expectations of good corporate governance. Managers’ voluntary disclosure strategy to gain legitimacy seems to override their incentives to disclose credible information to outside investors. This inference is consistent with the evidence that management voluntary disclosures are not viewed as credible by outside investors. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between various board structures and institutional pressures on management disclosure decisions in particular agency settings.
Regulatory supply and market demand of risk management: Match or clash?
Authors: Elst Christoph Van der , Vermeulen Erik
Published: January 2017

The paper raises questions as to whether the new risk governance requirements will be able to match the prerequisites for more balanced risk governance as part of the decision making process while fostering business entrepreneurship. Further, to comfort the market it will be necessary to report in accordance with market expectations adequate information about the financial and non-financial risks internal and external risks the companies is coping. Both questions will be addressed in this paper.
Why protect financial markets?
Authors: Carapeto Maria , Acosta Mauricio
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the benefits from adopting close-out netting to decrease the exposure to counterparty risk across the world markets and to establish the additional benefits from central counterparties towards decreasing counterparty risk. The novelty of the approach is to estimate a figure for counterparty credit risk (CCR) grouping together most of the financial transactions that generate counterparty risk and to analyze the benefit of netting possibilities in reducing the overall risk exposure, using three different scenarios. In the first scenario, counterparty credit risk is calculated assuming that no close-out netting is possible across different contracts. The second scenario assumes bilateral negotiations and netting across contracts. The third scenario contemplates the existence of a
central counterparty as the center of transactions. Benefits from netting and central counterparty are assessed by comparing the risk exposure in each scenario. Results from the model show that netting provides a decrease in world counterparty risk of over $17 trillion. Netting is thus a powerful tool available in the world markets to manage counterparty risk while decreasing systemic risk, and as such policies to facilitate and standardize netting procedures across different jurisdictions should be encouraged. Moreover, results show that the use of central counterparties for settling the outstanding contracts would additionally decrease CCR by over $2 trillion.
Contrast Echocardiography
Authors: Friedman Mark A
Published: January 2017

Ultrasound contrast agents are widely used in clinical practice for left ventricle opacification in sub-optimal echocardiograms. Recently, significant research has focused on the use of contrast echocardiography as a non invasive means to evaluate myocardial perfusion. Advances in contrast agents as well as ultrasound technology have enabled investigations into myocardial contrast echocardiography as a possible alternative to nuclear imaging studies. This review will focus on the development and current uses of contrast echocardiography, as well as future indications, including myocardial perfusion and risk stratification following myocardial infarction.
Hippocrates Revisited
Authors: Schwartz Gary
Published: January 2017

A fundamental principle upon which the physician-patient relationship has come to rest is that of “primum non nocere,” translated from Latin to “first, do no harm.” It is often erroneously attributed to the Hippocratic Oath that graduating medical students swear by at more than 60% of United States medical schools (Tung and Organ, 2000), which actually lacks that phrasing, although it certainly acknowledges the principle of non-maleficence. Some sources attribute the Latin language of “primum non nocere” to the Roman physician Galen, c. 129–200 C.E. (Weitzel, 1996).
Fifteenth Century Saints, Nineteenth Century Neurologists, and Twentieth Century Immunotherapy: The Eccentric History of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Maglione Paul J
Published: January 2017

Multiple sclerosis has a long, fascinating, serendipi- tous, and well-documented history. The first recorded mention of the disease can be dated back to the fifteenth century, while a truly exhaustive investigation of the disorder began with the nineteenth century’s burgeoning neurologists. These records reveal a fascinating story of meticulous science aimed at comprehending a truly perplexing illness, one that even today is not completely understood. The great nineteenth century French neurologist Jean-Marie Charcot became very interested in studying this disease, and through his celebrity garnered much attention to a previously unknown affliction. Here we review a story of pioneering research that grants brief tribute to some of the more remarkable experiments, wondering if ideas born in the past may help develop solutions in the future.
The Role of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and Effect on Mortality and Sudden Death
Authors: Eshaghian Shervin
Published: January 2017

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) have evolved from a treatment of last resort to the current and rapidly growing use as a first line therapeutic option. Early clinical trials captured what had only been apparent in observational studies that subsequently paved the way for the utilization of ICDs as secondary prevention in patients who had survived life-threatening arrhythmias. As a result, these randomized clinical trials exhibited a benefit with ICD only in high-risk patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, recent studies have been able to demonstrate a significant role for primary prevention in selected high-risk patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Opportunities for Cross-Cultural Medical Education
Authors: Marzan Maria , McEvoy Mimi
Published: January 2017

Cross-cultural medical education is a timely topic in undergraduate medical education. The National Institute of Medicine, mandated by Congress, produced a report that examined a wide body of existing medical research and found compelling evidence of health-care disparities between minority and nonminority patients. The increasing awareness on the part of the medical community of the effect of race and ethnicity on health outcomes has provided some of the impetus for mandating the inclusion of cultural diversity and cross-cultural communication in medical education (Flores, 2000; US Bureau of the Census, 1998; Betancourt et al., 2000; Carrillo et al., 1999). The growing use of alternative health practices and complementary medicine among the general population as well as in specific groups also indicates the need for eliciting culturally competent medical histories (Adler and Fosket, 1999). Physicians increasingly encounter patients of diverse racial, ethnic, linguistic, and religious backgrounds, making effective cross-cultural communication skills essential. The need for training in cultural competence has been embraced by the Association of American Medical Colleges and other regulatory and accrediting bodies and is currently a requirement for medical schools. As the United States population becomes more diverse, racially and ethnically, demographic differences between physicians and patients increase, and the medical profession itself becomes more diverse, cross-cultural medical training takes on greater significance.
Treatment of Compulsive Hoarding: A Case Study ￼
Authors: Pogosian Lilit
Published: January 2017

The present case report describes an intensive treatment approach combining aggressive pharmacotherapy with daily cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) directed at helping “Dee,” a 63-year-old female suffering from compulsive hoarding. The successful intervention consisted of individualized exposure and response prevention (ERP), in addition to cognitive restructuring to improve insight, decrease depressive and general anxiety symptoms, and address distorted beliefs. Pretreatment evaluation included assessment of clutter for all living spaces, including rooms in the house in addition to the car. After the six-week intensive treatment program, clutter decreased substantially in each of the rooms targeted for intervention. In addition, Dee’s scores on self-reported measures of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and anxiety steadily decreased during the intervention. Compulsive hoarding, when present in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), has been associated with poor response to both antianxiety medications and typical CBT. This case report illustrates that specific CBT strategies targeting the characteristic features of compulsive hoarding may provide better results for patients suffering from compulsive hoarding syndrome.
Medical Genetic Research on the Amish: From Genetic Tourism to Community Health Centers
Authors: Tell Shoshana
Published: January 2017

In the 1960s, Victor McKusick inaugurated the Amish medicalgenetic tourist research program in order to learn moreabout the relationship between genes and human disease.However, Amish mistrust of outsiders and frustration at beingexploited by tourism, as well as other cultural and historicalfactors, would ultimately result in the transformation of medicalgenetic research paradigms from genetic tourism to communityhealth centers. Over time, Amish community healthclinics, partially funded by the Amish themselves, were establishedin Pennsylvania and Ohio. These clinics, which are longtermcenters dedicated to primary care and advanced medicalgenetic research, give the Amish a sense of agency. Doctorsfrom these clinics have achieved numerous medical breakthroughsthat were possible only as a result of their long-termcare of patients. This transition to Amish community healthclinics illustrates the successes science and medicine canachieve when they are sensitive to unique population needs.
An Unusual Case of Drug-Induced Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Vo Andrea , Yakubov Stanley , Smith Colleen , Tratenberg Mark , Sedlis-Singer Elizabeth , Shetty Vijay
Published: January 2017

We report a rare case of drug-induced pancreatitis in a patient receiving repaglinide antidiabetic therapy. A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with severe abdominal cramping, nausea, and vomiting. Three months prior to symptoms, repaglinide was added to the patient’s current regimen of metformin. The patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, treatment was initi- ated, and repaglinide was discontinued. There was no history of pancreatitis or other risk factors such as history of gallstones, alcohol abuse, or hypertriglyceridemia. The patient reported resolution of symptoms following discontinuation of repaglinide. Considering the temporal relationship of his symptoms to the addition of repaglinide to his existing antidiabetic regimen, this case strongly suggests a possible causal link between repaglinide and the etiology of acute pancreatitis in this patient.
Evaluación de la interrelación de cronología y secuencia de erupción de canino y segundo premolar superior en pacientes entre los 9 y 12 años de edad
Authors: González Lema Daniel , Terreros de Huc María
Published: January 2017

Introducción: el patrón normal de erupción dental es variable en la permanente, observándose mayores modificaciones en la cronología que en la secuencia. Es frecuente observar la erupción ectópica del canino superior permanente por la persistencia del segundo molar temporario, ya que de él depende el adecuado aprovechamiento de espacio de deriva (o espacio libre de Nance) y la adecuada mesialización del molar. Una alteración facilita la pérdida de la longitud de la arcada, produciendo una maloclusión. Objetivo: determinar, mediante estudio radiográfico panorámico, la interrelación de la secuencia de erupción del canino y segundo premolar superior en niños de 9 a 12 años inscritos en los colegios de la parroquia “9 de octubre” en el año 2013. Materiales y métodos: investigación de tipo transversal, descriptivo, en la cual se evaluaron 101 radiografías panorámicas de grupo de niños de 9 a 12 años. Se determinó cronología y desarrollo de las piezas dentarias con el método de Nolla. Resultados: se observó que el mayor porcentaje de pacientes (48 %) presentaron una secuencia eruptiva de acuerdo a la norma: primer premolar, segundo premolar, canino en el maxilar superior y un porcentaje disminuido (8 %) presentaron una secuencia diferente: primer premolar, canino, segundo premolar. Discusión: el desarrollo cronológico del canino superior va asociado al segundo premolar superior permanente, aunque tenga una ligera fracción superior con respecto a los estadíos de Nolla. Primero erupciona el segundo premolar que el canino y un elevado porcentaje de la población presenta una secuencia de acuerdo a la norma: primer premolar, segundo premolar, canino superior. La principal alteración que presenta la secuencia normal de erupción en la zona de sostén es la presencia prolongada del segundo molar temporario.
Challenging Cocacolisation of Rural Nepali Market: The Role of Education
Authors: Dhungana Raj Kumar , Pfefferle Alexandra
Published: January 2017

The shelves of local shops are filled with an abundance of imported beverages. Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Fanta, Sprite, Frooti, and Red Bull among others have made the way to rural Nepal, where agriculture is still the primary source of income. As the result of increasing access to imported goods and products in rural markets, local products are gradually losing ground. This paper shows that tailored consumer education can assist de-cocacolising the market and increase the competitiveness and diversification of local products. It does so by imparting knowledge and skills to individuals to be critical and responsible consumers who start seeking an equal share of local products in the rural market. For this paper, extensive desk review, rural market observations and interviews with consumers of different age groups, vendors and youth wereused as data generation techniques.
Evaluation of proximal and distal motor nerve conduction using the electrical root stimulation technique in the femoral and obturator nerves
Authors: Turan Erkut , Dilek Ömer , Sabanci Seyyid , Sarierler Murat , Ünsal Cengiz
Published: January 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the adaptability of the electrical root stimulation technique by achieving normative data from the obturator and femoral nerves of healthy dogs.

Methods: For this purpose, two stimulations and recordings were performed on both the obturator and femoral nerves in 40 dogs (22 males and 18 females). Electrical root stimulation was applied via monopolar needle electrodes between the sixth to seventh and fifth to sixth lumbar inter arcuate spaces to the obturator and femoral nerves, respectively. Muscle waves were recorded from the gracilis and sartorius muscles of the left and right pelvic limb.

Results: The proximal motor nerve conduction velocity was 60.89 ± 3.93 m/s and 59.87 ± 4.83 m/s in the obturator and femoral nerves, respectively.

Clinical significance: Our results showed that electrical root stimulation could be a useful method to test the integrity of the roots of obturator and femoral nerves and their proximal parts.
A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE THERMAL AND NONTHERMAL EMISSION IN THE SUPERNOVA REMNANT RCW 86 WITH SUZAKU
Authors: Tsubone Yoshio , Sawada Makoto , Bamba Aya , Katsuda Satoru , Vink Jacco
Published: January 2017

Diffusive shock acceleration by the shockwaves in supernova remnants (SNRs) is widely accepted as the dominant source for Galactic cosmic rays. However, it is unknown what determines the maximum energy of accelerated particles. The surrounding environment could be one of the key parameters. The SNR RCW 86 shows both thermal and nonthermal X-ray emission with different spatial morphologies. These emission originate from the shock-heated plasma and accelerated electrons respectively, and their intensities reflect their density distributions. Thus, the remnant provides a suitable laboratory to test possible association between the acceleration efficiency and the environment. In this paper, we present results of spatially resolved spectroscopy of the entire remnant with Suzaku. The spacially resolved spectra are well reproduced with a combination of a power-law for synchrotron emission and a two-component optically thin thermal plasma, corresponding to the shocked interstellar medium (ISM) with kT of 0.3–0.6 keV and Fe-dominated ejecta. It is discovered that the photon index of the nonthermal component becomes smaller when decreasing the emission measure of the shocked ISM, where the shock speed has remained high. This result implies that the maximum energy of accelerated electrons in RCW 86 is higher in the low-density and higher shock speed regions.
A THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE BUILD-UP OF THE SUN’S POLAR MAGNETIC FIELD BY USING A 3D KINEMATIC DYNAMO MODEL
Authors: Hazra Gopal , Choudhuri Arnab Rai , Miesch Mark S.
Published: January 2017

We develop a three-dimensional kinematic self-sustaining model of the solar dynamo in which the poloidal field generation is from tilted bipolar sunspot pairs placed on the solar surface above regions of strong toroidal field by using the SpotMaker algorithm, and then the transport of this poloidal field to the tachocline is primarily caused by turbulent diffusion. We obtain a dipolar solution within a certain range of parameters. We use this model to study the build-up of the polar magnetic field and show that some insights obtained from surface flux transport models have to be revised. We present results obtained by putting a single bipolar sunspot pair in a hemisphere and two symmetrical sunspot pairs in two hemispheres. We find that the polar fields produced by them disappear due to the upward advection of poloidal flux at low latitudes, which emerges as oppositely signed radial flux and which is then advected poleward by the meridional flow. We also study the effect that a large sunspot pair, violating Hale’s polarity law, would have on the polar field. We find that there would be some effect—especially if the anti-Hale pair appears at high latitudes in the mid-phase of the cycle—though the effect is not very dramatic.