bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Levels of Interleukin-12 and Interferon Gamma in Pediatric Tuberculosis: A Clinico-Microbiological Correlation
Authors: Gupta Neha , Kashyap Bineeta , Dewan Pooja , Hyanki Puneeta
Published: March 2023

Objective: The interleukin-12/interferon-γ (IL-12/IFN-γ) pathway is the most validated cytokine pathway regulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The role of IL-12/IFN-γ axis in protecting against tuberculosis (TB) is exhibited in people having mutations in genes encoding these cytokines. We aimed to study the serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in pediatric tuberculosis and their correlation with clinical and microbiological features. Material and Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 60 microbiologically confirmed (smear and/or culture and/or cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test) or clinically diagnosed (based on clinical features and radiography and/or contact history and/or Mantoux test with/without microbiological confirmation) pediatric TB patients ≤12 years. Serum interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Thirty age- and sex-matched controls were also included in the study. Results: The median IL-12 levels were lower in our pediatric TB patients (488.1 pg/ml) compared to controls (784.8 pg/ml). However, the IFN-γ/IL-12 ratios were significantly higher among the TB patients as compared to the controls. Moreover, the levels of interleukin-12 and interferon gamma were significantly lower in cases with no evidence of TB on chest radiography. IL-12 was significantly lower in patients with hydrocephalus and enlarged ventricles. Higher levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ were associated with positive results by conventional microbiological techniques. Conclusion: The serum IFN-γ level and the IFN-γ/IL-12 ratio were significantly higher in children with TB compared to the controls in this study. Higher IL-12 and IFN-γ levels as well as IFN-γ/IL-12 ratios were associated with positive results by conventional microbiological techniques. Further studies on larger sample sizes could help evaluate the usefulness of interleukin-12 and interferon-γ as potential markers of severity and prognosis in pediatric TB.
Платон Лукич Шупик (до 115-річчя з дня народження)
Authors: Ferenets V. B.
Published: March 2023

Платон Лукич Шупик – український лікар-хірург, міністр охорони здоров'я Української РСР, Заслужений лікар України, кандидат медичних наук, професор, громадський діяч.
Сognitive functions in patients with comorbidity of chronic cerebrovascular disease and metabolic syndrome on the background of lipid-lowering therapy
Authors: Kopchak O. O.
Published: March 2023

There were 268 patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, mean age was (61,5 ± 7,4) years, enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: main - those who were treated with atorvastatin (n = 101), and a comparison group - patients who did not use statins (n ​​= 167). Depending on the duration of lipid-lowering (statins) therapy patients of the main group were divided into two subgroups: first (n = 61) – receiving atorvastatin up to 2 years, second (n = 40) – were treated with atorvastatin up to 4 years. According to our results, no significant difference was found in cognitive functions of patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease and metabolic syndrome treated with atorvastatin compared to those who did not receive statins. Positive correlation was detected between duration of therapy with atorvastatin and MMSE total score in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Patients receiving atorvastatin for a long period (up to 4 years) had significantly better results in various aspects of memory and executive cognitive functions, compared to patients treated with atorvastatin up to 2 years.
Prognostic role of positron emission tomography in patients with primary Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Kriachok I. A. , Novosad O. I. , Pastushenko I. V. , Skrypets T. V. , Gorbach O. I. , Kadnikova T. V. , Tytorenko I. B. , Kushchevyy E. V. , Ulianchenko K. O. , Filonenko K. S. , Stepanishyna Y. A. , Kmetyuk Y. V. , Karpova O. O. , Mykhalska L. V. , Kindrakevych O. M. , Pylypenko G. V. , Lukjanec E. V. , Duma V. D. , Kozlov V. P. , Kozlov U. V. , Strembitska N. V. , Batyuk L. P. , Ryzhak O. V. , Chupryna M. M. , Chikalova H. I. , Novikov N. E. , Kosinova V. G. , Oliinichenko E. G. , Lola O. I. , Kholodna A. V. , Loza O. B.
Published: March 2023

In recent years, treatment approaches in patients with HL are actively discussed. The actual issue remains the combination therapy or possible avoiding of radiation therapy to reduce toxicity and the occurrence of secondary tumors in the future. In a number of studies, the prognostic role of interim and end of treatment PET/CT is investigated as a disease prognostic risk factor. In this article, we presented analysis of interim-PET/CT in patients with primary HL as a prognostic marker. It was proved, that results of interim PET/CT show a highly predictive of the response to the first line therapy and could predict progression free survival (PFS).
The experience of using fiberglass pins for the restoration of diarrhea molars in patients of different age groups
Authors: Babych І. І. , Shevchenko D. O. , Yuldasheva L. Ch.
Published: March 2023

After depulpation significantly reduced the strength of the teeth in cause of the reduction of humidity and changes in tissues and changes in the collagen fibers, which leads to fracturе of the root and coronal. Features devitalic restoring molars in the mandible through direct restavrations using reinforcement fiber post and distance results show recovery devitalic molars 6, 12 and 18 months in patients of different age groups.
Functional and morphological state of the amputation stump muscles after various methods of the stump plasty
Authors: Shevchuk V. I. , Shevchuk S. V. , Bezsmertnyi Yu. O. , Bezsmertna H. V. , Postovitenko K. P.
Published: March 2023

An assessment of the nature of histochemical and morphological processes in limb stump muscles after various methods of the amputation plasty was given. There were five series of experiments carried out on 55 dogs with the amputation of the hind limb in the middle third of the thigh. There was fascioplasty, myoplasty with suture of the antagonist muscles performed, as well as myodesis with the muscle tension of 916–962 μN, 980–1100 μN, and 650–800 μN. The observation periods consisted of 3 days, 4 weeks, 8 months. The histochemical reactions for determining of succinate dehydrogenase (SDG), NAD·N-dehydrogenase (NAD·H-DH), beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (β-HBDG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) were performed on the fresh muscle pieces. The histological examination of the muscles was also carried out. By the end of the observation period, only single unchanged muscular fibers were detected by fascio- and myoplasty. Most of them were replaced by the coarse fibrous connective tissue with fat cells. There was a significant increase in LDG activity (glycolysis) and growth of SDG (Krebs cycle). The activity of NAD·H-DH was high, and the level of β-HBDG significantly reduced. By myodesis with the muscle tension of 916–962 μN the degenerative-dystrophic processes were less significant. There was the decrease in the intensity of the terminal oxidation and oxidation of the ketone bodies observed. The activity of the Krebs cycle increased, and glycolysis grew up. By muscles tension of 980–1100 μN and 650–800 μN there were changes similar to those by fascio- and myoplasty observed.
Planning of organisation of public works in the sphere of health care as a guarantee of employment of medical workers
Authors: Mokrytska N. P.
Published: March 2023

Проаналізовано основні етапи планової діяльності зорганізації оплатних громадських робіт в Україні, що відповідають специфіці трудової функції медичних працівників. На основі дослідження управлінських рішень з організації цього різновиду тимчасової зайнятості визначено види громадських робіт та роботодавців медичного спрямування, наведено кваліфікаційні вимоги, необхідні для здійснення догляду за особами, які потребують сторонньої допомоги. Охарактеризовано також зміст основних передумов укладення письмового строкового трудового договору на виконання громадських робіт у сфері охорони здоров’я.
In memory of V. V. Panikarovskii, the famous Russian scientist (16.12.1947 — 30.12.2022)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: March 2023

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Petroleum potential of Achimov deposits in the north of Western Siberia
Authors: Gladysheva Ya. I.
Published: March 2023

Western Siberia has oil and gas potential that is very important for the development of the oil and gas industry in Russia. The north of Western Siberia has special significance for the industry, that's where the maximum aggregate deposit of hydrocarbon reserves is located in fields, such as Urengoy, Yamburgskoye and Medvezhye. Over the last decade, a tendency to reduce the efficiency of geological exploration has appeared, therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the actual material and to select priority areas. The Lower Cretaceous complex of the Cretaceous oil and gas megalithic complex located in the north of Western Siberia is the most lucrative. The Neocomian clinoform Achimov deposits of this complex are the main object of study. Achimov deposits are trapped almost throughout the Nadym-Pur interfluve area and are having a complex structure. The formation of Achimov rocks mostly took place in the deep-water part of the paleosea that affected their heterogeneity. An analysis of the geological and field parameters of the Achimov deposits determined the maximum aggregate of hydrocarbon deposits in the eastern and northern parts of the study area, as well as zones of active rifting. Geological exploration should be carried out in such zones initially.
An analysis of the influence of the technological mode of the gathering system of the oil field on the efficiency of geological and technical actions
Authors: Shakirov E. R.
Published: March 2023

Field development at a late stage is characterized by high water-cut and considerable volumes of produced water that causes field pipeline congestion. An increase in the volume of produced water entails an increase in hydraulic resistance in pipeline sections, which may limit the effect of ongoing geological and technical actions to intensify oil production. As a result, the production rates decrease at neighboring wells, but at the same time, the hydraulic resistance in the sections of overloaded pipelines increases. In this regard, it makes sense to determine the boundary, which allows you to observe the balance between the increase in amount of geological and technical actions and the current field pipeline congestion.
Introduction Displacement, Memory and the Visual Arts
Authors: Wiltshire Imogen , Louwagie Fransiska
Published: March 2023

This introduction explains the origins, aims and scope of this thematic issue on Displacement, Memory and the Visual Arts: Second-Generation (Jewish) Artists, which builds on a symposium held at the University of Leicester in May 2021. It offers a discussion of key perspectives on the notions of ‘second generation’ and ‘postmemory’ within the visual arts, followed by an overview of the contributions to the publication. The article then identifies and analyses a number of key threads and themes in the volume, including issues of belated memory, the uses by artists of archival images and documents, their engagement with space and embodiment, and the role of art in memory transmission. These discussions serve as a basis for an examination of how postmemory in the visual arts opens up possibilities for considering the relationships of second-generation artists to the past, and, more widely, revisiting contemporary understanding and remembrances of the Holocaust and its aftermath.
‘In and Out of Each Other's Worlds’
Authors: Dickson Rachel
Published: March 2023

The art of Austrian Kindertransportee Helga Michie has been much discussed, particularly in the context of the work of her identical twin, Holocaust writer Ilse Aichinger. This article, however, focuses in particular on Michie's daughter, English-born painter Ruth Rix, and the relationship with her mother. It considers Rix's appropriation of images inspired by Austrian family photographs and more than a hundred picture postcards, provided by Michie. Across two generations, the art of mother and daughter – overshadowed by the Holocaust – is introduced, examining how each influenced the other, with Rix grappling with both memory and postmemory. As she suggests, Michie offered a ‘doorway’ into Austria, and she, conversely, one to Englishness, though both strayed constantly ‘in and out of each other's worlds’. Motifs inspired by private and wider tragedies highlight shared concerns: fracture, family, memory, identity, loss and notions of home, creating a trans-generational body of work which, when taken as a whole, is even more powerful than when viewed apart.
Inner Recreation
Authors: Goldhill Judy , Ballard Fay
Published: March 2023

This article is a conversation between Judy Goldhill and Fay Ballard, two second-generation artists, respectively Jewish and non-Jewish. Goldhill's parents escaped from Nazi Germany, whilst Ballard's father, the novelist J.G. Ballard, was interned in a Japanese prison camp. Goldhill works on photography, film and artists’ books and Ballard draws. They have collaborated extensively, following a conversation in 2016 about a shared experience of generational trauma and early parental loss. Both artists have been using recovered objects, photographs and letters in their artwork and this collaboration has led to several joint exhibitions including Breathe (Freud Museum, 2018), Travelling Companions (Alison Richard Building (ARB), University of Cambridge, 2020–21) and Mending the Psyche (Peltz Gallery, Birkbeck, University of London, 2022).
Inherited Trauma, Place, Embodied Memory and Artistic Practice
Authors: Brunstein Lorna , O'Brien Katie
Published: March 2023

Based on a pre-recorded video conversation between artist Lorna Brunstein and 44AD gallery director Katie O'Brien, this written interview discusses Brunstein's experience of growing up as a second-generation survivor and the ways in which she has explored this identity in her creative art practices. The conversation offers insight into Brunstein's family history and discusses the role that inherited trauma, place and embodied memory play in her installations and interactive artwork.
PECULIARITIES OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Liakhovskyi V.I. , Nemchenko I.I. , Lysenko R.B. , Krasnov O.H. , Lyulka O.M. , Liakhovska A.V. , Horodova-Andreeva T.V.
Published: March 2023

This article describes the specifics of distance learning for students during the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law. Educational institutions are faced with new challenges, among with there is a task to get equipped and prepared to master and apply new methods of digital media technologies and implement digitalization at different levels of the doctor’s training process. Digitalisation of teaching and learning formats in education and training in medicine requires the creating of digitally supported didactic formats, the use of the relevant digital and communication tools as well as digital literacy from both parties. The implementation of the various digital resources will enable to significantly improve the results of distance learning among medical students in obtaining sound theoretical knowledge and mastering practical skills. The positive and negative aspects of distance learning in the institutions of higher medical education were also identified and outlined. The analysis points out that providing high quality distance education requires an investment of much time and considerable costs. The educational process must be equipped with special software, accessories, create and purchase appropriate computer programs and technical devices.

It is important to stress a special role teaching staff, who must be ready to create various teaching and learning scenarios, master technical skills including uploading documents and videos, providing online instructions for self-directed learning and assessment, video conferencing as a part of classroom evens. Medical education, over time, would be increasingly supplemented by computers with combinations of multimedia elements and new strategies for using teaching and learning technologies. Providing the educational process with simulators and other smart technologies will help medical students to acquire the complex practical skills. In the near future, systems of artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality technologies will be introduced into the educational process of higher medical education institutions that will make a significant breakthrough in ensuring high-quality distance learning.
PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS AND INTERDEPARTMENTAL COOPERATION: FOSTERING A HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS AMONG STUDENTS
Authors: Nazarenko S. M. , Borysenko V. V. , Kostenko V. O. , Akimov O. E. , Zakolodna O. E.
Published: March 2023

The World Health Organization estimates that one in every five individuals affected by war is at risk of developing mental illness. In Ukraine, this approximately approaches to 8.5 million people. According to the Ministry of Health’s predictions for the beginning of 2023, over 15 million Ukrainians will require psychological assistance due to the aftermath of war, with approximately 3.4 million requiring medical treatment. This review presents theoretical viewpoints and practical developments on the peculiarities of the pedagogical process and interdepartmental cooperation in fostering a comprehensive theoretical and clinical understanding of stress-related disorders among students by teams from the Department of Pathophysiology, Psychiatry, Narcology, and Medical Psychology of Poltava State Medical University.

Stress-related disorders herein defined as a set of symptoms of varying degrees of severity caused by a significant subjectively perceived psychotraumatic event are classified into three groups by their manifestations: emotional disorders, cognitive disorders, and vegetative and somatic symptoms. To effectively prevent, diagnose, treat, and rehabilitate patients with stress-related disorders, students must receive interdisciplinary knowledge and training. Physiology and biochemistry of stress are introduced to students in the first year of their studies, and pathophysiology is taught through practical and experimental approaches. Medical psychology and psychiatry equip students with the skills and knowledge required to manage psychological responses to stress and evaluate clinical symptoms of stress-related disorders. Other clinical departments also provide relevant training on this subject.

Therefore, a systematic approach to training students in diagnosis, therapy, and rehabilitation of patients with stress-related disorders is crucial. This requires a step-by-step, interdisciplinary integration of this issue, which is well reflected in the educational and professional programs of the second level of higher education.
ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATION PROCESS IN TEACHING MICROBIOLOGY TO PARAMEDIC STUDENTS
Authors: Polyanska V.P. , Zvyagolska I.M. , Derevyanko T.V. , Fedorchenko V.I. , Nevmerzhitska N.P.
Published: March 2023

Today, one of the leading trends in the development of higher professional education is increasing attention to the problem of training specialists of a qualitatively new level, professionals which would be ready for professional growth, capable of self-education, self-improvement and self-realization. Accordingly, the training of a specialist of a new formation with a medical education, in particular, paramedics, requires the transformation of the educational space, the introduction of the latest technologies, methods and techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to highlight the basic principles and technologies of the educational process of training paramedics at the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology of the Poltava State Medical University. The article presents the main elements of the educational and professional training program for paramedics, key technologies, which are aimed at ensuring deep assimilation of knowledge from this discipline and their practical application in medical practice. One of the ways to increase the effectiveness of education is the use of interactive teaching methods. For example, students can participate in discussions, group projects, and practical sessions at the laboratory, where they can study microorganisms and perform various experiments. For effective learning, it is also important to use visual aids, for example, multimedia support of the topic, animation, electronic diagrams, photos, diagrams, drawings. This will help students to understand complex processes and phenomena more easily.

Thus, the organization of the educational process at the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology when teaching the educational discipline "Microbiology" to paramedic students, is based on the educational and professional programs. To ensure the effective provision of educational services, modern means and technologies of education are used.
AGE CHANGES OF THE LIVER
Authors: Poliakova D. O. , Kramar S. B.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the research is to analyze the results of scientific works devoted to the study of age-related changes in the liver and aging under the influence of various harmful factors.

Research material and methods. Analytical and bibliosemantic methods were used in the research. The search for scientific information on the topic of age-related changes in the liver and general scientific medical information was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases.

The results. The analysis of literary sources made it possible to establish that in the course of life, the human body undergoes a number of changes that lead to its aging. Physiological aging of the body is accompanied by irreversible functional and organic restructuring of all systems and organs, including the liver. The most common cause of diffuse changes in the liver parenchyma in elderly patients is steatosis, in the development of which mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role. The problem of bad habits is also acute, because they inevitably accelerate the aging process in the liver itself and cause pronounced diffuse changes. This list includes alcohol consumption, smoking, and poor nutrition. Hereditary diseases are a separate direction of age-related changes in the liver. Without proper therapy, they accelerate the aging of the liver and the appearance of new chronic diseases associated with them.

It was also established that scientists have always sought to find reasons that affect the shortening of life, the mechanisms of liver aging, and the development of its age-related pathology. Along this path, hundreds of hypotheses have arisen that explain the essence of aging by the action of some single factor, say, a violation in one or another link of life support. One of the first synthetic theories of aging, based on the action of a complex system of factors, is the adaptive and regulatory function of the liver.

This theory is called adaptive because it sees the basis of aging in the reduction of the body's adaptive capabilities with age; and regulatory – because the shifts that occur are explained by a change in the mechanisms of regulation of exchange and function. According to the adaptation-regulatory theory, along with aging, a destructive process, the process of vitauktu (from vita - life, auktum - to increase) develops, aimed at stabilizing the viability of the liver and the body as a whole. This idea determined the tactics and strategy for solving this problem – to slow down the pace of aging and optimize the aging process and the adaptive capabilities of the body as much as possible.

Conclusions. For the treatment and prevention of liver diseases, against the background of inevitable aging, it is advisable to use drugs with a multidirectional effect on various links of the pathogenesis of liver lesions. Systematic implementation of preventive measures will allow older people to maintain good health and work capacity for many years.
SURFACTANT PROTEIN D AS A SIGN OF EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Isgandarova G.N. , Hatamzada E.M.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the levels of surfactant protein D in the blood serum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a stable course and those without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Materials and methods. The present study involved 122 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (the main group) and 20 patients without this disease and other pulmonary or severe somatic diseases (the control group). This investigation was carried out at the Research Institute of Pulmonary Diseases. Spirometry was performed using a portable battery-powered ultrasound spirometer (Easy One; ndd Medical Technologies, Zurich, Switzerland). The SP-D level was determined in venous blood using a "sandwich" variant of solid-phase ELISA using a set of reagents from BioVendor (Czech Republic). Blood sampling and spirometry were performed simultaneously in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy control groups in order to accurately correlate lung function with the level of SP-D in blood serum. Results. The mean age of the main and control groups was 55.9±4.4 and 53.3±2.8 years, respectively. Men made up 59.0% in the main group, women 41.0%, in the control group 55.0% and 45.0%, respectively. Smokers in the main and control groups amounted to 57.4% and 45.0%. FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were lower than controls by 55.72% (p=0.001), 43.23% (p=0.001) and 35.28% (p=0.036), respectively. The level of SP-D in the blood serum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the control group was 372.68±98.16 ng/ml and 164.22±42.80 ng/ml (t=1.95, p=0.053), respectively. SP-D in smokers of the main group was 2.2 times (p=0.011) higher than the control level, and in non-smokers it was 2.5 times (p=0.053). During the exacerbation, the protein level was higher by 19.7% (p=0.042). In CLBL, SP-D correlated with FEV1 (r = −0.815; p<0.001), with FVC (r = −0.822; p<0.001), with FEV1/FVC (r = −0.644; p<0.001). Conclusion. SP-D can be characterized as a specific protein for the lungs, which can be analyzed in the blood as a biomarker for early diagnosis of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and may reflect the severity of the disease.
BLOOD LEPTIN LEVELS IN HYPERTENSION PATIENTS WITH ABDOMINAL OBESITY
Authors: Lytvynova Olga , Lytvynenko Hanna , Lytvynov Vadym , Lytvynenko Nikolay , Latoguz Sergey
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in blood leptin level of patients with arterial hypertension, who has or has no concomitant abdominal obesity. The study included 87 patients (45 men and 42 women), aged from 32 to 71 years; among them 47 patients had abdominal obesity, and 40 patients had normal body weight. Arterial hypertension stage 2 was diagnosed in 46 (53%) people, stage 3 – in 41 (47%) people, abdominal obesity class 1 was found in 56 (64%) people, class 2 – in 31 (36%) people. Among the patients included in the study, burden of hereditary risk factors was found in 67 patients (77%). The control group included 25 healthy individuals who had normal body weight (body mass index <25 kg/m²), waist circumference <88 cm (in women) and <102 (in men), normal levels of glucose, triglycerides and fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The study has found out the patients with arterial hypertension and concomitant obesity have significantly higher levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, significant disorders of lipid, purine, and carbohydrate metabolism, disorders of leptin synthesis; leptin resistance, insulin resistance occurred in significantly higher number of cases than compared with the group of patients with arterial hypertension and normal body weight. The studied groups of patients differed in terms of carbohydrate metabolism: the average fasting blood glucose level was significantly higher in people with arterial hypertension with obesity than in patients with hypertension without obesity. A statistically significant difference remained when comparing with the control group, where the average blood glucose was by 0.9 mmol/l (16.1%) lower than in hypertensive patients with abdominal obesity. A statistically significant increase in the level of blood leptin was found in the group of women suffering from arterial hypertension with abdominal obesity, in comparison with women suffering from arterial hypertension without obesity and the control group of individuals. There has been revealed a reliable positive correlation between the level of blood leptin and the level of blood uric acid.
MEDICAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN WHO CONTRACTED COVID-19 DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Shkolnyk О.S. , Malanchuk O.М. , Melenchuk L.M. , Khobotna I.M. , Shlemkevich A.M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of a severe course of the coronavirus infection, including severe acute respiratory syndrome. They were identified as vulnerable groups with recommendations to take additional precautions since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The aim of the study is to investigate the frequency and structure of risk factors for perinatal complications in women who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy.

Materials and methods. Analysis of clinical epidemiological and medical statistical data of the primary medical documentation (390 medical records) was carried out. The findings of 190 women who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy (main group) were studied. We compared parameters of the test group with respective parameters of 200 women of the control group who did not contract COVID-19 during pregnancy. Age parameters, social status, somatic, reproductive and anamnesis data were investigated. Statistical processing of the results obtained was carried out using the package of application programs "Statistica 7.0" using the Excel 2013 standard package of statistical analysis. Credibility between different groups was examined based on the Pearson χ² test. Differences were considered plausible at a significance level of p<0.05.

Results. The findings from the primary medical records of 190 women who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy in 2021 were analyzed. The study has demonstrated that these women were significantly more often older than 36 years of age compared to the control group, they were significantly more likely to have complicated reproductive anamnesis: 28.4% vs. 10.5%, mainly based on all the parameters studied: spontaneous miscarriages, infertility and stillbirth (р<0.05). Somatic anamnesis in women of the main group was significantly more often burdened: 70.0% vs. 35.5%, p<0.05), due to the significant prevalence of endocrine pathology (14.2% vs. 5.0% in the control group), the cardiovascular disorders (10.0% vs. 4.0%, respectively), the urinary disorders (8.4% vs. 3.0%), and diseases of the respiratory system (18.0% vs. 1.5%) in women of the control group (р<0.05). Conclusion. The results obtained have shown that the risk factors for possible perinatal complications in women who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy the most likely include the age over 36 years (13.5%), complicated reproductive anamnesis (28.4%), and the presence of somatic diseases (70.0%). Women who have contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy are at risk for obstetric complications.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL TECHNIQUES IN TREATMENT OF INTRAARTICULAR CALCUNEUS FRACTURES
Authors: Hoduadze H.N. , Pelypenko O.V. , Malyk S.V. , Honcharov A.V.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Heel bone fractures make up about 2% of all skeletal fractures and almost 60% of injuries to the metatarsal part of the foot. According to the statistics, more than 75% of fractures are intra-articular ones. Conservative treatment of intra-articular fractures of the heel bone has limited indications and is recommended as an alternative in the presence of contraindications to the surgical treatment. Because of high risks of postoperative complications, the number of studies devoted to minimally invasive surgical treatment techniques has been increasing in recent years. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of treatment of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus bone using minimally invasive techniques. Materials and methods. The treatment outcomes of 33 patients (38 fractures) were analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the 1 group included individuals who underwent closed repositioning and fixation with cancellous screws, the 2 group included individuals who received minimally invasive open reduction through access to the subtalar sinus and fixation with an angular stability plate. Results. Differences in pain syndrome assessment by a visual analogue scale, oedema of the operated segment and quality of wound healing testified in favour of transcutaneous fixation with screws. The quality of life according to The Lower Extremity Functional Scale was assessed as good in both groups in 3 and 6 months following the surgical operation. Functionality of the foot according to the Foot Function Index scale in 3 and 6 months was interpreted as "good" and "excellent" in both groups, respectively. Conclusion. Depending on the type of intra-articular fracture, both minimally invasive techniques of surgical treatment of complicated calcaneus fractures enable to restore anatomical reduction, prevent a significant number of complications, reduce pain, promote wound healing and achieving the formation of a cosmetic postoperative scar, as well as improve quality of life in the postoperative period. Minimally invasive osteosynthesis with cancellous screws has advantages over osteosynthesis with plates according to separate performance evaluation criteria, but its use is limited by the biomechanical characteristics of the injury.
HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE IN ATHLETES WITH DIFFERENT PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE WHEN PERFORMING SUBMAXIMAL TEST PWC170
Authors: Oleshko T.M. , Ataman Yu.O. , Oleshko O.M. , Petrenko N.V. , Starchenko A.Yu.
Published: March 2023

One of the main task of the current medico-biological control is aimed at the timely identification of the dysfunctionality of training overloads, a comprehensive assessment of the athlete's condition, and to establish a feedback, since most of the signs of inconsistency between the load and recovery are subjective by their nature, and may be masked by the problems of the psychological sphere or have general, non-specific manifestations. To find the symptoms during a single examination is far from being sufficient, an important component for a successful diagnosis is the observation of the stability and dynamics in symptoms. The purpose of the study is to investigate the response of cardiovascular system indicators in track and field athletes with different physical performance when performing the PWC170 submaximal test. 71 athletes, divided into two groups, were included in the study. The main group consisted of 30 people whose heart rate and blood pressure response were found as unsatisfactory when performing the standard Letunov test for professional athletes (hereinafter referred to as standard physical exercise). The comparison group included 41 people who demonstrated a satisfactory response. There were 34 women out of all participants, 15 individuals were in the main group and 19 individuals were in the comparison group. The average age of the examinees was 22.49 years, no significant differences in age were found between the two groups. Examinations were carried out in the Centre of Sports Medicine, Sumy State University. Among the athletes, a predominantly hypertensive type of reaction to the exercise test is observed, and the recovery of post-exercise parameters occurs slowly during the second half of the observation time that may evidence the predominance of the activity of the sympathetic tone of the autonomic nervous system. In our opinion, the practical significance of the diagnostic methods, which should be used for assessing the health of athletes, is determined, first of all, by their application in dynamics, in accordance with the changing conditions of the training schedule. Under such conditions, it seems reasonable to select simple and objective methods of testing the response to physical exertion in professional athletes that enables to evaluate their reaction to the load and hemodynamic parameters during and after the exertion of various nature.
The effects of gastronomic experience and food image towards the gastronomic products of local tourism on the intention to eat local foods: The case of Hatay
Authors: ADEMOĞLU Adem , ŞAHAN Memet
Published: March 2023

Destinations offer various tastes to visitors as tourism products. Experiencing these delicacies is considered necessary for the tourists' travel motivation. Tourists travel to these destinations to increase their travel motivations and to have unique gastronomic experiences. In this sense, this study aims to determine the effects of gastronomic experience and food image on the individuals’ intentions to eat Hatay's local foods. In this context, data of the study was collected from 371 individuals who had gastronomic experiences in the province of Hatay, using the survey technique. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. In this context, validity, reliability, and path analyses were performed. As a result of the path analysis, it was concluded that gastronomic experience and food image have significant impacts on the intention to eat local foods.
A Law for Irreversible Thermodynamics? Synergy Increases Free Energy by Decreasing Entropy
Authors: Jaffe Klaus
Published: March 2023

Classical thermodynamics focused on reversible processes in closed systems. Most processes however are irreversible, in both closed and open systems. A non classical thermodynamics is being developed to tackle complex open systems suffering irreversible processes. That is the case for Synergy that emerges from synchronized reciprocal positive feedback loops between a network of diverse actors. For this process to proceed, compatible information from different sources synchronically coordinates the actions of the actors resulting in a nonlinear increase in the useful work or potential energy the system can manage. In contrast noise is produced when incompatible information is mixed. This synergy produced from the coordination of different agents achieves non-linear gains in free energy and in information (negentropy). Free energy can be estimated by proxies such as individual autonomy of an organism, emancipation from the environment, productivity, efficiency, capacity for flexibility, self-regulation, and self-control of behavior; whereas entropy, or the lack of it, is revealed by the degree of synchronized division of ever more specialized labor, structural complexity, information, and dissipation of energy. Empirical examples that provide quantitative data for these phenomena are presented. Results show that increases in free energy density are concomitant with decreases in entropy density. This may be a rule for synergistic processes in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, which is consilient with the first and second laws of classical thermodynamics. Under this light, biological evolution is the task of self reproducing irreversible synergistic systems to discover empirically (through natural, inclusive, and sexual selection) types of order that increase their free energy.
COVID-19 Vaccination and Cancer: The Most Critical Issues
Authors:   Department of Immunology, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran., Esmaeili Elahe , Ghazanfari Tooba ,   Department of Immunology, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2023

The lives of people all over the world have been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since 2019. The virus originated in Wuhan City, China, and many people around the world are still infected with it daily, and many of them die. Following the prevalence of the virus, many countries were quarantined and came under economic, social, and medication pressure. As a result, various countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, China, and Iran, have begun to develop vaccines against SARS-COV-2 and have achieved great success. The Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty vaccine was the first vaccine against the virus that obtained World Health Organization (WHO) emergency use listing (EUL) on the last day of 2020 and promised hope for the people of the world. Clinical trials of the vaccines were not performed on all people including those with compromised immune systems such as cancer patients, or children under 12. Therefore, important questions arose: Are these vaccines available to everyone? Or do these vaccines protect everyone? As a result, studies were performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the vaccines in specific groups of individuals such as cancer patients. This review article addresses some of the ambiguities surrounding the vaccination of cancer patients and suggestions for improving their condition
An Architectural Pattern for Dynamic Component Integration
Authors: Dr. L. Kathirvelkumaran  , Dr. R. Saravana Moorthy
Published: March 2023

The continuing increase of interest in Component-based Software Engineering (CBSE) signifies the emergence of a new development trend within the software industry. CBSE deals with the usage of reusable software components to provide complex integrated solutions at shorter development time and minimum cost. This engineering approach emphasizes the identification, selection, evaluation, procurement, integration, and evolution of reusable components for constructing complex and large-scale software solutions. Component-based development approach has a great potential for significantly reducing the cost and time to market of large-scale and complex software systems, improving system maintainability and flexibility. However the usage of components imposes some problems in the development process. Especially, the complexity of the integration process is increased due to the black box nature of the products. Integration is further influenced by problems due to architectural mismatches, component incompatibility etc. Apart from these general static integration problems, necessity for intelligent services and context aware computing paves way for the dynamic integration of components. Patterns have promising benefits in solving software design problems and their benefits have been realized in the design of component integration also. Patterns exist in different levels. Architectural patterns provide the overall structure of a system; design patterns deal with localized design choices; Idioms define patterns of usage within a particular language. Design patterns express proven techniques making it possible to reuse successful designs and provide a common vocabulary to share design descriptions. Architectural patterns cover a wider realm, specifying system-wide structural properties for an application, and impacting on subsystem architecture. This report presents the study of literature related to patterns and its application in the design of component-based systems. An Architectural pattern has been proposed in this report, for the design of a component-based system that dynamically integrates components. The dynamism is achieved using a service model.
Efficient Load Balancing of Resources for Different Cloud Service Providers in Cloud Computing
Authors: Upanshu Kumar  , Shatendra Dubey
Published: March 2023

In distributed computing cloud computing is an emerging technology which provides pay per model as per user demand or requirement. Cloud has a collection of virtual machines which facilities both computational and storage requirement. Scheduling and Load balancing are the main challenges in the cloud computing on which we are emphasizing. Scheduling is the process to control the order of work going to be performed by computer system. Load balancing has an important role in the performance in cloud computing. Better load balancing will make cloud computing more efficient and will also increase user satisfaction. It provides a way to handle several inquiries residing inside cloud computing environment set. Complete balancing acquires two tasks, one is resource provisioning/resource allocation and task scheduling throughout the system. In the proposed research paper, we are presenting a hybrid algorithm created by FCFS and Round Robin algorithms. As the Round Robin is the easiest algorithm that's why it is frequently used and the first preference for implementing easy schedulers. The Round Robin algorithm only requires a list of nodes. In the proposed solution we have eliminated the drawbacks of simple Round Robin algorithm by introducing assignment of time slices to different processes depending upon priorities.
The Impact of Test-Based Accountability in the U.S. and Its Relevance for the Global Education Reform Movement: A Brief Review
Authors: Saif Juma Salim Al Weshahi
Published: March 2023

The current study briefly reviews the influence of test-based accountability in the United Status of America and its effect on global movements of education.
Compact Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Carbon Fibre Frame and Propellor for Underground Application : An Approach
Authors: Yogesh Vaidhyanathan  , Tarun S  , Deva Abraham J  , Dhanush M
Published: March 2023

A drone is a device useful for surveillance, security and improve safety aspects. Drone has many applications contributing in societal developments which is the motivation for the present project work. Drone is being emerged by various military organization, commercial capacity and its applications is increasing day-by-day. Unmanned aerial vehicles are designed as a self-operating device based on receiving feedback from signals and sensors. Brushless DC motor, frames, transmitter, receiver, propellor, flight control board, LiPo battery, electronic speed controllers were used to perform the experimental set-up. An attempt has been made to design light weight drone compared to the conventional drones available. The drone is fabricated in such a manner that initially it performs downward motion into the well followed by the upward motion. All the components of a proposed drone have been fixed and checked for its working. The drone operates in a stable manner with four propellors and contributed its excellence for the underground application.
Design and Fabrication of Wind-Powered Laptop and Mobile Charger
Authors: R. Palani  , V. Ajay  , A. Praveen  , J. Praveen
Published: March 2023

Urban areas lack the average wind speed needed to operate horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT), so vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are in demand. Savonius (Drag) and Darrieus (Lift) types of vertical axis wind turbines are both used. The comparison of the coefficients of performance (COP) of Savonius and Darrieus types of vertical axis wind turbines is the main focus of the current study. ANSYS Fluent-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software is used to numerically analyse the aforementioned VAWTs. Both turbines' blade designs are selected to provide the best output possible given the available input. The wind turbines' output parameters are obtained separately and compared for the same input parameters. This comparison provides a basis for choosing the type of VAWT to be implemented according to the function.