bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sediment thickness in the Thrace Basin estimated from the three-dimensional inversion of magnetotelluric data
Authors: Kaya Cemal , Başokur Ahmet Tuğrul
Published: September 2024

The time-variation of the magnetotelluric (MT) fields was recorded at 37 measurement stations in the Thrace Basin (North-western Türkiye) by a remote-reference MT system that records the MT data in two frequency bands allowing a data acquisition between 320–7.5 Hz and 6–0.00055 Hz, respectively. The measurement stations were located from the Aegean Sea to the Black Sea seashores along a 207 km profile in the southeast-northwest direction. Three-dimensional inversion of MT data outlined the main geological elements of the region, the interface between sedimentary cover and basement rocks. The total thickness of the sedimentary layers in the basin is interpreted using the inflection and deflection points of the three-dimensional resistivity model in the vertical direction.
A Comment on the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of the Russian Federation
Authors: Klistorin Vladimir
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the text of the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of Russia approved in early 2024. The author notes that it was prepared in accordance with the Federal Law “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation” of June 28, 2014, No. 172-FZ. The Strategy replaces a number of documents that have been adopted earlier. The expert community have different opinions on the preparation quality of concepts, strategies, programs and other strategic documents being approved. The reason lies in the absence of a clear system and hierarchy of strategic planning documents. In the Strategy under discussion, there is a vagueness of the used conceptual framework and some shortcomings in the analytical part of the document. In addition, the authors of the Strategy connect the issues of the development of the science and technology sector in the Russian Federation mainly with external challenges and threats and pay less attention to internal problems caused primarily by the inefficiency of the R&D management system, insufficient financing and a low proportion of private funding. It is shown that no significant changes are expected in the management system of scientific and technological development in Russia in the next decade. We can welcome the establishment of the Science and Technology Council of the Commission for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation under the Russian Government and its machinery and the introduction of the model of “qualified customer”, as well as the use of new tools: long-term fundamental academic research programs and programs of scientific and technological development of Russia. But the discussed Strategy does not pay enough attention to the issues of education and training of research and engineering personnel.
Evaluating the Effect of Implementing an Integrated Management Approach During the Transition of a Scientific and Practical Institution to the Performance of R&D Projects
Authors: Omelyanskaya Olga , Vasilev Yuriy , Pestrenin Lev , Vladzymyrskyy Anton
Published: September 2024

The research objective was to evaluate the effect of implementing a set of management decisions during the transition of a scientific and practical institution from research to R&D projects. We carried out a longitudinal sociological study using the double-survey method. The survey was conducted before and after the implementation of a structured set of systemic measures to improve the efficiency of R&D activities. We have implemented this set because of the transition of our institution from the stage of research work to the stage of both research and development projects. Ideas of matrix and participative management were included in this set of measures. The survey assessed employees’ awareness of the 2023–2025 R&D plan, their needs to implement the plan and job satisfaction score as well as the level of their understanding of risks and their impact on the possibility to fulfill the plan. Due to the deployment of a set of systemic measures, employees’ awareness of participation in the R&D plan implementation increased from 73.6% to 90.0%, and their awareness of the plan’s content grew from 50.0% to 76.0%. A consequence of the implementation of participative management was that employees became aware of their needs to fulfill the plan as well as of the risks of not reaching its targets. Their satisfaction with the plan implementation conditions increased from 69.0% to 77.0% and the confidence in the possibility to implement the plan successfully grew from 55.0% to 92.0%. Matrix management allowed for a timely assessment of the organization’s future needs and increasing the research staff. This resulted in meeting the 2023 targets. Long-term planning of research work is a necessary component for the development of a scientific and practical institution, the organization of knowledge-intensive production and the reduction of the time between the acquisition of new knowledge and the creation of products and technologies and their entry into the market. The uniquely designed set of systemic measures increases not only the efficiency of research work, but also the performance of the employees, promotes their professional development and creates conditions for their personal advancement.
Transformation of Models of Interaction between Science and Society: From the Dialogical Model of Popularization to the Network Structure of Citizen Science
Authors: Rassolova Elena , Galkin Konstantin
Published: September 2024

This article examines the transformation of models of interaction between science and society in the second half of the 20th century and the early 21st century, taking into account significant changes in communication between them and processes of deinstitutionalization characteristic of contemporary societies. The main attention is paid to the critical analysis of the processes of popularization of scientific knowledge and peculiarities of interaction between professional researchers and science enthusiasts under conditions of network communications. We have identified the main models of interaction between science and society, which include various features of communication between academics and the public.
One of the main results of the study is the identification of points of contact between the interests of professional scientists and science enthusiasts. This can contribute to more effective cooperation and knowledge exchange between these groups.
Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of the Russian Federation: The Quality of the Document
Authors: Semenov Evgeny
Published: September 2024

The article provides a critical analysis of the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of the Russian Federation as a document. It shows the preservation of the globalist ideology of development in the interests of “humankind” and “civilization” in the Strategy, its weak orientation to the problems and interests of Russia in the context of drastic changes in the world after 2022. The Strategy does not revise the challenges and threats, goals and objectives, mechanisms and tools for managing science and technology development. The Strategy looks like a matrix of the document with designated rows and columns that have yet to be filled in with specific provisions. The document needs to be significantly revised from the perspective of Russia’s interests and with respect to new geopolitical realities.
Research Priorities in the Current Situation
Authors: Chernysh Mikhail
Published: September 2024

The Russian bureaucracy has come to view science as an activity that is beyond immediate utility and therefore, in economic sense, located in the periphery of distribution priorities. In the early days of the reforms, the bureaucracy came up with an obviously absurd idea of making science commercially self-sustainable. Later on, the idea of reducing public financing of science led to the plans to define the so-called “research priorities” and closure of other less promising fields of research. This “childish” managerialism resulted in the underfunding of Russian science and consequently in the loss of cadres and general degradation. The article states that the idea of foreknowledge by reducing science to several key directions is fallacious in itself. Science chooses its own priorities in each period of its development. These priorities tend to change the perception of science, its possibilities and the future of society. Russian science can only survive if both decision makers and society change their attitudes to it.
Epidémiologie des schistosomoses du bétail au Sénégal
Authors: Diaw O.T. , Vassiliades Georges
Published: September 2024

Parmi les schistosomoses du bétail seuls Schistosoma bovis et S. curassoni ont été identifiés au Sénégal à ce jour. Ils se rencontre dans presque toutes les régions. S. bovis parasite surtout les bovins (15 à 62 p. 100) alors que les petits ruminants sont faiblement touchés. S. curassoni est plus fréquente chez les ovins et les caprins (2 à 16 p. 100) mais peut quelquefois également parasiter les bovins. Les lésions provoquées par S. curassoni au niveau du foie sont plus fréquentes et plus nettes, surtout chez les petits ruminants, que celles causées par S. bovis, Bulinus forsakalii et B. globosus sont les hôtes intermédiaires naturels de S. bovis, de même que B. umbilicatus est l'hôte de S. curassoni. L'étude expérimentale du cycle de ses schistosomes a montré que B. forskalii (taux d'infestation 48,9 p. 100) et B. tuncatus (63,6 p. 100) sont d'excellents hôtes intermédiaires pour S. bovis, alors que B. umbilicatus et B. globosus ont réagi positivement à S. curassoni avec respectivement 70 et 12,5 p. 100 d'infestations réussies. Des hôtes vertébrés expérimentaux indemnes de toutes trématodoses ont été infestés : bovin, ovin, lapins, hamster et souris avec S. bovis et ovin et souris avec S. curassoni ; tous ont réagi positivement à ces schitosomes. Des vers adultes et des oeufs matures ont été récoltés et étudiés du point de vue systématique.
Oviposition et longévité de la tique Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius, 1794 (Ixodoidea : Ixodoidae) en République Populaire du Congo
Authors: Voutoulou N.
Published: September 2024

L'oviposition et la longévité de l'espèce Amblyomma variegatum, maintenue au laboratoire et en plein air ont été étudiées. La longueur de la période de préoviposition était de 11,35+_ 1,517 jours à 27 °C et 84 p. 100 d'humidité relative (HR) ; 8,65 +_ 1,430 jours à 30 °C et 84 p. 100 d'HR ; 11,55 +_ 1,70 jours et 11,79 +_ 1,91 jours pour les tiques exposées en pleine nature respectivement au mois de janvier et juillet. La longueur de la période d'incubation pour les oeufs exposés dans les mêmes conditions présentait également des différences. Elle était plus courte à 30°c et 84 p. 100 d'HR. Les larves exposées à 30°c et 84 p. 100 d'HR avaient une longévité maximale plus élevée que les autres. La longévité des larves est liées aux taux d'HR. Les adultes exposés en plein air avaient une longévité maximale inférieur à celle des adultes exposés en laboratoire.
La chèvre naine Djalonké : relations entre la taille du corps, la circonférence de la mamelle et du trayon et la mortalité des chevreaux
Authors: Osuagwuh A.I.A. , Inwang U.D.
Published: September 2024

Le poids vif et la circonférence de la mamelle et du trayon de 360 chèvres naines Djallonké ont été enregistrés une semaine aprés le part. Les données récoltées pour chaque paramètre ont été classées en quatre groupes - petit, moyen, grand, trés grand. La carrière de reproduction de ces femelles, y compris la mortalité néonatale a été obtenue à partir de leurs fiches d'élevage. Sur un total de 1738 chevreaux nés de ces femelles, 238 (13,7 p. 100) sont morts dans les 30 premiers jours après la naissance. Les relations établies à partir de ces données ont montré que le poids des animaux était significativement (P<0,001) corrélé à la circonférence de la mamelle et du trayon. Le poids de l'animal et la circonférence de la mamelle ont influencé significativement (P<0,01) le taux de survie des chevreaux. Les femelles de petit format et à la circonférence de mamelle petite ont eu plus de chevreaux morts que celle de tailles moyennes alors que les femelles à grandes et trés grandes mamelles n'ont pas eu de chevreaux morts. Le poid le plus souhaitable s'avère supérieur ou égale à 24 kg, la circonfèrence de la mamelle la plus souhaitable supérieur ou égale à 16 cm. La circonférence du trayon influence aussi significativement (P<0,01) le taux de survie des chevreaux. Les tailles enregistrés comme trés grandes sont associées à la mortalité des chevreaux. La taille la plus souhaitable semble être inférieur ou égale à 4 cm. Dans l'élaboration de programmes d'élevage de chèvres naines Djallonké, prenant en compte, poids vif et circonférence de la mamelle et du trayon, la relation possible entre la production de lait et ces caractères devrait être évaluée.
Jan Jerzy Buzek (1874-1940), a Polish doctor and Member of Parliament in the borderland of Poland and Czechoslovakia
Authors: Słowik Józef , Hławiczka Tadeusz , Santarius Kazimierz
Published: September 2024

Artykuł zaznajamia z postacią Jana Jerzego Buzka (1874-1940), polskiego lekarza z pogranicza Polski i Czechosłowacji, tzw. Zaolzia. Ukończył studia lekarskie na Uniwersytecie w Krakowie. Pracował jako lekarz górników w Dąbrowie. Był organizatorem szkół średnich dla polskiej młodzieży, a podczas okupacji hitlerowskiej członkiem polskiego ruchu oporu na Zaolziu. W 1940 r. został aresztowany i zesłany do obozu koncentracyjnego w Dachau, gdzie zmarł z głodu i wyczerpania.
Implementation of Islamic business ethics and its impacts on family business
Authors: Sampurno Wahyu Mijil
Published: September 2024

This study is aimed to analyse the Islamic business ethics and how it affects the companies. The subject of the study is a home industry which process the milkfish in Pemalang, Central Java. The Islamic business ethics used are based on the five axioms, they are tawhid, balance, free desire, charity and responsibility. While the effects are measured by the six business progress parameters, they are marketing aspect, management aspect, human resources aspect, law aspect, social aspect, environment effect aspect and financial aspect. The data collection of the study is done by the qualitative descriptive approach. The result of the study shows that generally the company has applied the Islamic business ethics based on the referred five axioms. Besides, the Islamic business ethics application on the company also has effects on the six aspects of the company business progress.
Determinants of Islamic commercial banks financing risk in Indonesia
Authors: Sari Mella Katrina
Published: September 2024

This research is aimed to show the empirical evidence of the influence of Financing Expansion, Financing Quality, Financing to Deposit Ratio, and Return on Assets on financing risk in Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. This research uses purposive sampling so that three Islamic Commercial Banks are choosen: Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank Muamalat Indonesia, and Bank Mega Syariah Indonesia. The analysis method of this research is panel data regression analysis. This research applies Panel Unit Roots (PRUTS), model specification test using Fixed Effect Model, classical assumption test (Homoscedastic, Autocorrelation, and Prais-Winsten Regression), hypothesis testing with a significance level of 5%. The result shows that Financing Expansion and Return on Assets have a negative and significant influence on financing risk. Meanwhile, Financing Quality and Financing to Deposit Ratio have a positive and significant influence on financing risk.
The role of LAZISMU in eradicating poverty in D.I. Yogyakarta
Authors: Syaputra Ahmad Danu
Published: September 2024

Zakat is one of economic empowerment instruments that is defined as giving someone his right. And the demand is to have the financial balance, not the accumulation of wealth in a particular group. To realize this idea in the society, LAZISMU as Amil Zakat Institution must empower the economics of the society to eradicate poverty. The method used in this study is qualitative by analyzing data from interview to LAZISMU board. Besides, the gathering data technique is also done by documentation. Once the data collected, they are processed and analyzed descriptively qualitative. The results of this study indicate that efforts to alleviate poverty conducted by LAZISMU in Yogyakarta have shown a significant role since they cooperate with Muhammadiyah Institutions that in fact has been very experienced and already has a wide range.
Best practices of waqf: Experiences of Malaysia and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Md Saad Norma , Kassim Salina , Hamid Zarinah
Published: September 2024

The main focus of this paper is to examine the best practices of selected waqaf entities in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. The waqaf entities involved in this study include two corporate waqaf institutions namely Kumpulan Waqaf An-Nur Berhad and IIUM Endowment Fund and five waqaf entities under Islamic Development Bank in Saudi Arabia.This study analyses projects and programs undertaken by these selected waqf entites to achieve their respective objectives.Â  Such a comparison is necessary considering the diverse experiences of these selected waqaf entities in view of the differences in their endowments and different corporate management models. The paper concludes that these waqaf entities have adopted an innovative approach developing waqf programs and experimenting new ways of managing and investing waqaf assets. They have created opportunities for the improvement of waqaf institutions and revitalize the potentials of these waqaf assets to yield greater benefits to the society.
Challenges inhibiting Islamic banking growth in Indonesia using the Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Iswanaji Chaidir
Published: September 2024

The banking sector has an essential role in supporting economic growth in the world. Islamic banking has become an increasingly popular method for reducing poverty, financial inclusion and economic development. Its existence is needed in developing countries like Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize challenges that hinder the growth of Islamic banking in Indonesia. The study was conducted in two stages: the first stage of investigating the challenges in the sharia banking industry in Indonesia. The second phase identifies and determines the priority challenges that hinder the growth of sharia banking using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results reveal that the biggest challenge is the regulatory framework. Islamic banking requires favorable government policies and regulations and a positive effect on Islamic banking. Government policies to expand the market share of Islamic banking is one of the priority to be done soon. The second challenge is the lack of qualified human resources. Human resources in Islamic banking should be knowledgeable both sharia law and economics. Hence, providing qualified human resources need specialized education institutions concerning in Islamic finance. The third challenge is the lack of awareness of Islamic banking even in a Muslim community. They have a less understanding about the terms, products, and also Islamic principles of Islamic banking.
Sustainability of pacific white shrimp culture strategies during a regional outbreak of white spot syndrome virus
Authors: Bessa Junior Ambrosio Paula , Valenti Wagner Cotroni , Flickinger Dallas Lee , Henry-Silva Gustavo  Gonzaga
Published: September 2024

The present study evaluated economic, environmental and social sustainability of three production strategies of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during a regional outbreak of white spot syndrome virus. The strategies mainly differed by stocking densities (92, 14, 8 larvae.m-2; D92, D14, and D8, respectively), fertilizer inputs, and other general management. Each dimension of sustainability was evaluated using sets of indicators. The D14 and D8 strategies showed greater economic feasibility than D92 because of the reduced operational costs and investments to buy post-larvae and feed. All strategies showed moderate environmental sustainability but had weakened economic and social sustainability due to the virus. The D14 and D8 strategies received the highest overall sustainability index. The D92 was the most environmentally favorable management strategy and had a social tendency. In general, shrimp mariculture performed with a high initial stocking density cannot guarantee the return of invested capital. The lower density strategies were economically feasible due to the high prices paid per kilogram of shrimp as a function of the higher individual average weight. However, economic feasibility of these two strategies coincided with low creation of employment opportunities and income, decreased social sustainability, and increased environmental impact.
Bacillus improves the health and growth performance of Penaeus vannamei in an intensive nursery without water exchange
Authors: Pereira Natalia , Dartora Amanda , Hess Julia Delmonego , Mello Giovanni , Jatobá Adolfo
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a bioremediator on the production of juveniles (Penaeus vannamei) in intensive nursery systems, on the zootechnical performance, water quality and health status of the animals. Two groups were used (control and bioremediation). In the treatment with bioremediator, 0.1g.m⁻³ of the product Arkhon Aqua® (Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformes, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. megaterium) was applied daily, at concentrations of 1.0 x 10⁻¹¹ UFC.g⁻¹). The physical-chemical parameters of the water were monitored; health status, through presumptive analyzes evaluating the shape and filling of the hepatopancreas tubules and the prevalence of dirt on the gills and quantified Vibrios spp. and total heterotrophic bacteria in water and juveniles. The bioremediator provided a significant reduction in the volume of total dissolved solids (36.9%), settleable solids (68.9%) and the presence of organic matter in the gills (50.0%), in addition to showing an increase in the final mean weight (28.3%) and yield (20.0%), in addition to reducing feed conversion (18.7%) than control group. The bioremediation demonstrated a higher concentration of Vibrios spp. in water, however, it did not influence the concentration of Vibrios spp. in juveniles. It is concluded that the bioremediator improved the culture water, consequently enhancing the zootechnical performance of the shrimp.
Bilimsel İdealizasyon Yöntemine Giriş: Aristoteles ve Galilei Örneği
Authors: Gül Fikri , Badem Karani Kağan
Published: September 2024

Bilimde olguları açıklayabilmek adına pek çok modelleme yöntemi bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri de bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan bilimsel idealizasyondur. Bilimsel idealizasyonlar gerek karmaşıklığı gidererek konuyu basitleştirmek ve daha anlaşılır hale getirmek gerekse de çözüm alınamayan noktalarda ilerleme kaydedebilmek için başvurulan bir yöntem olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bilim tarihinde sıklıkla başvurulduğunu gördüğümüz bu yöntemi iki büyük felsefeci ve bilim insanının bakış açısından incelemeye tabi tutacağız. İlk olarak Aristoteles’ten yola çıkarak ele alınan konudan ilgisi olmadığı düşünülen unsurların elenmesi şeklinde bir idealizasyon kullanımına değineceğiz, devamında ise Galilei ile ele alınan konuda yer alan unsurları manipüle etme şeklinde olan idealizasyon kullanımına değineceğiz. Bu noktalara paralel olarak bilim tarihi ve felsefesi çalışmalarında oldukça önemli bir yere sahip olduğunu düşündüğümüz idealizasyon kavramının pozitif bir statüye sahip olduğunu da göstereceğiz. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız bir yandan hem bilim tarihinde hem de bilim felsefesinde önemli bir yer tutan idealizasyon kavramını açıklığa kavuşturmak, bir yandan da genelde bilimsel modellere özelde ise idealizasyona dair incelemelerde sınırlı sayıda çalışmaya sahip literatüre katkıda bulunmaktır.
Wilhelm von Humboldt’da Ulusal Karakter ve Dil İlişkisi
Authors: Bingöl Sedat
Published: September 2024

Humboldt açısından her dil onu konuşan ulusun ya da halkın dünya görüşünü, değerlerini ve kültürel kimliğini yansıtır. Bir ulusun değerleri, kültürü ve kimliği, o ulusu diğer uluslardan ayıran ögeler olarak karşımıza çıkar. Ulusların sahip olduğu bu ögelerin o ulusun karakterini meydana getirdiğini ifade eden Humboldt, ulusal farklılığı ve çeşitliliği açıklayan ve ulusal birliği tarif eden bir hipotez olarak ulusal karakter terimini ortaya atar. Esasen ulusal karakter, ulusun tinine ve ulusa özgü niteliklere gönderme yapar. Bu noktada Humboldt, dili de o dili konuşanların ulusal karakterinin bir ifadesi ve yansıması olarak belirler. Ancak aynı zamanda dilin de ulusun karakteri üzerinde bir etkisi olduğunun altını çizer. Dolayısıyla Humboldt temel olarak dilin ulusal karakterden etkilendiğini ve ulusal karakterin de dilden etkilendiğini iddia eder. Böylelikle Humboldt için dil yalnızca duygu ve düşünceleri ifade eden bir iletişim aracı değil, ulusun tinini de belirleyen ve şekillendiren bir araçtır. Bu çalışmada, Humboldt’un dil ve ulusal karakter arasında kurduğu ilişki ortaya konarak söz konusu ilişkinin geçerliliği tartışılacaktır.
Exploring Gender and Homicide: Insights from Turkish Media Professionals of Generations X, Y, and Z
Authors: Gürkan Hasan , Echazarreta-Soler Carmen , Sarpkaya Özlem , Sayıklı Esen Deniz , Özbıyık Sena Şevval , Özgör Derya
Published: September 2024

This study examines how media professionals interpret homicides committed in Turkey and depict murder suspects. The article aims to analyse how journalists from different generations respond to, negotiate and resist the editorial ideology that frames gender-based violence from an anti-feminist perspective. The study includes in-depth interviews with nine media professionals from X, Y, and Z generations and forms conclusions about the helplessness of women, the necessity of murder, involving the female suspect. The study reveals that media professionals reproduce gender roles by employing masculine language, and their commitment to “so-called” objective journalism restricts the critical examination and analysis of facts from a feminist perspective. The study demonstrates that journalists, whether consciously or unconsciously, contribute to the dissemination of manipulated messages by reproducing them without conducting thorough analysis. The perspectives of Gen X, Y, and Z Turkish media professionals on gender and murder provide valuable insights into evolving societal attitudes and media representation. It is crucial for journalists and media professionals to critically analyse their biases and strive for fair, inclusive, and responsible reporting that promotes gender equality and challenges harmful stereotypes.
Simplifying the Orientation of S1 Iliosacral Screws for Placement in the Dysmorphic Sacrum
Authors: Cai Hongmin , Yin Yingchao , Zhang Ruipeng , Liu Lin , Wang Tao , Hou Zhiyong
Published: September 2024

Background:

Determining the proper iliosacral screw orientation in a dysmorphic S1 sacral segment using a C-arm is difficult, and pelvic computed tomography (CT) is often necessary for the preoperative planning. On the preoperative pelvic axial CT section, the intended screw trajectory can be delineated intraosseously along the axis of the oblique osseous corridor. An inherently accurate orientation would be determined by 2 factors: (1) the trajectory is in the pelvic transverse plane, and (2) it is oriented relative to the coronal plane at a patient-specific angle, which should be measured preoperatively. Based on the above reasoning, we aimed to simplify and verify the orientation.

Methods:

After establishing the starting point on the sacral lateral view, we tested a method of simplifying the guidewire orientation: placing the guidewire in the pelvic transverse plane and then manipulating it to be angled relative to the coronal plane at the preoperatively measured patient-specific angle. The guidewire orientation should then be reproducibly accurate on the pelvic outlet and inlet views. The feasibility and safety of our method were verified through computer-simulated virtual surgical procedures in 95 dysmorphic sacra and clinical surgical procedures in 12 patients. The primary outcome parameters were the guidewire orientation and screw placement accuracy.

Results:

Using our method, the S1 guidewire orientation was reproducibly accurate on the pelvic outlet and inlet views in all of the virtual and clinical surgical procedures. Ninety-five virtual S1 screws (1 screw in each left hemipelvis) were placed intraosseously in the pelvic transverse plane. Fourteen unilateral S1 screws were placed intraosseously in the pelvic transverse plane in the 12 patients (2 patients had double screws) without iatrogenic injuries.

Conclusions:

The guidewire orientation can be simplified by placing the guidewire in the pelvic transverse plane and replicating the preoperatively measured patient-specific angle between the guidewire and the coronal plane. After establishing the starting point on the sacral lateral view, our simplified manipulation yields a reproducibly accurate orientation on the pelvic outlet and inlet views.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Some Local Survival Strategies to Cope with Flood: Examples from Bhakat Chapori, Majuli, Assam
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Anthropology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India., Paul Punam
Published: September 2024

The understanding of local coping and survival strategies are very important to know about how a community deals with hazardous condition. Each community builds own local survival strategies to overcome the vulnerability of familiar disastrous events. Histories have shown that ‘Majuli the largest riverine Island of the world has been experiencing the effects of flood since past. The mainland of Majuli Island is surrounded by several small islets or chapories and the studied area “Bhakat Chapori” is one of them. Local people of this chapori have been living with flood since long and now flood became a part of their life and culture. The present study includes how local or indigenous knowledge system of the villages of Bhakat chapori can help them to manage mild effects of flood as per their own survival strategies. The paper is an outcome of ongoing doctoral research work, purely based on ethnographic fieldwork. Here an attempt has made to document and understand the local survival or coping strategies of a small island during flood events. Some strategies are so effective that those can be applied other parts of the country or world for the better survival of the people.
Peningkatan Kinerja Tenaga Pendidik dan Kependidikan Melalui Komunikasi Interpersonal Kepala Madrasah Pada Lembaga Pendidikan di Kabupaten Ponorogo
Authors: Kholiq Abdul , Hidayah Nurul
Published: September 2024

Performance results from an individual's work in executing specific tasks. The performance of teaching and education personnel in educational institutions needs to be enhanced to achieve the institution's objectives optimally. One factor that can improve performance is the principal's interpersonal communication. This study aims to describe and analyze: (1) the application of interpersonal communication by madrasah principals; (2) the supporting and inhibiting factors for the application of interpersonal communication by madrasah principals; and (3) the role of interpersonal communication by madrasah principals in improving the performance of teaching and education personnel. This research uses a case study approach with qualitative methods, employing data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that (1) the interpersonal communication of madrasah principals in relation to teaching and education personnel's performance is implemented through aspects of openness, encouragement, empathy, expressiveness, and equality; (2) well-designed and easily understandable messages, along with communicants' sufficient cognitive maturity, are supporting factors, while physical and semantic barriers are inhibiting factors; and (3) in enhancing the performance of teaching and education personnel, the interpersonal communication of the madrasah principal serves as both a controller and a source of work motivation.
Global Probabilistic Forecasting for Multiple Tight Gas Wells Using Deep Autoregressive Networks
Authors: Han Jiangxia , Xue Liang , Liu Qianjun , Wei Yunsheng , Chen Haiyang , Dong Yubing , Liu Yuetian , Qi Yadong , Wang Junlei
Published: September 2024

Traditional methods for forecasting production rate, such as Arps, analytical techniques, and recurrent neural network (RNN)–based deep learning, are mainly point prediction techniques developed within the framework of single-well forecasting. These methods often face limitations stemming from single-well historical production data and model assumptions, hindering their ability to consider the influence of development patterns of other production wells within the block on the target well. In addition, they struggle to predict the multiple production rate time series simultaneously and often fail to quantify uncertainty in predictions or adequately exploit extensive relevant historical production data. To tackle these challenges, we propose a model based on the deep autoregressive recurrent neural network (DeepAR), leveraging related multiwell production rate data to enable global modeling and probabilistic forecasting. This model incorporates dynamic covariate and static categorical variable data, integrating Bayesian inference and using gradient descent algorithms and maximum likelihood estimation methods to derive a comprehensive historical-future production probability evolution pattern shared across multiple wells. Leveraging data from 943 tight gas wells, a comprehensive evaluation of the DeepAR model’s performance was undertaken, encompassing the comparison of prediction accuracy with long short-term memory (LSTM), classification prediction, cold-start prediction, and single-well multitarget prediction scenarios, summarizing the applicability conditions for each. The research findings highlight that DeepAR integrates the acquired comprehensive production probability evolution pattern with specific production historical data of the target well to formulate a “comprehensive + specific” production probability prediction approach, resulting in improved stability and accuracy. On average, DeepAR demonstrates a 58.79% reduction in normalized deviation (ND) compared to the LSTM model, showcasing enhanced stability, particularly in scenarios involving frequent well shut-ins and openings. Moreover, DeepAR can learn static categorical features, with the classification model resulting in a 27.15% reduction in the ND compared to the unclassified model. Furthermore, DeepAR adeptly addresses the challenge of limited data availability, achieving cold-start prediction and facilitating multitarget single-well training and prediction while considering the interdependency among multiple variables over time and effectively mitigating the issue of missing auxiliary variables during the prediction phase. This study contributes to a broader understanding of production forecasting and analysis of production dynamics methods from a big data perspective.
Visiting behaviour of Moringa oleifera flowers by potential insect pollinators
Authors: BAZIE Babou Frédéric
Published: September 2024

The influence of potential insect pollinators is decisive in the fruiting process of many cross-pollinated plants. The aim of this study was to determine the behaviour of potential pollinating insects visiting Moringa oleifera flowers. Collections were carried out from July to September 2018 and 2019, followed by monitoring of the behavior of potential insect pollinators from July to September 2020 in the Sahelian, North Sudanian and South Sudanian zones. The methodology consisted in the use of a Fauchoir net for the exhaustive collection of insects visiting Moringa. The results revealed that a total of 50 species of pollinating insects divided into 25 families and three orders (Hymenoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera) were identified on the basis of the presence of body hairs on Moringa. Of these, nine insect species collect both nectar and pollen. These are : Xylocopa violacea (L.), Anthophora plumipes (Pallas, 1772), Apis mellifera (L.), Xylocopa pubescens (Spinola, 1838), Pollenia rudis (F.), Alophora hemiptera (F.), Syrphus ribesii (L.), Danaus chrysippus (L.) and Pieris rapae (L.). The times of day when pollinating insects appear on Moringa flowers vary from species to species. The abundance of these pollinators and the duration of their presence on the flowers vary according to geographical area and pollinator species. Hymenoptera are the dominant pollinators in Moringa plantations.
Investigation of Kinetics, Reaction Mechanisms, Thermodynamics, and Synergetic Effects in Co-Pyrolysis of Wood Sawdust and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene using the Thermogravimetric Approach
Authors: Dhibar Nayan Chand , Busigari Rajasekhar Reddy , Patel Madhumita
Published: September 2024

This study focused on investigating thermal degradation behaviors, kinetics, reaction mechanisms, synergistic effects, and thermodynamic parameters of wood sawdust (WSD), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and their blends (LW1:3, LW1:1, and LW3:1) during co-pyrolysis in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Thermal behavior exhibited a LW1:3 blend (25 wt.% LLDPE) showing significant mass loss at lower temperatures (150 to 300°C) compared to the individual feedstocks, such as 150 to 400°C and 300 to 520°C for WSD and LLDPE, respectively. The iso-conversional methods (KAS, FWO, and FM) were used to determine the kinetic parameters (Ea and A), and the activation energy drop was highest for the LW1:3 blend. According to the master plots, the third-order reaction (O3), nucleation (P2/3), and diffusional model (D4) were the predominant reaction mechanisms for the co-pyrolysis of the LW1:3, LW1:1, and LW3:1 blend, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters demonstrate that a small amount of plastic addition into WSD can improve the reactivity of the blend, shorten the reaction time, and cause less energy-intensive reactions. The values of ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS also confirmed the co-pyrolysis process’s spontaneity and endothermic nature. The Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FTIR) spectra of raw feedstock, blends, and their biochar revealed some of the peaks were shifted, the intensity was reduced, and disappearance can happen when the temperature was increased. Using the experimental and theoretical/predicted activation energies, the parity chart illustrates the synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis of different blends, and the LW1:3 blend has a favorable synergistic impact. These results could be helpful in process optimization and designing an effective reactor system for co-pyrolysis.
Generation of phenotypically stable and functionally mature human bone marrow MSCs derived Schwann cells via the induction of human iPSCs-derived sensory neurons
Authors: Pan Yu , Lin Haohui , Chung Manhon , Yang Yi , Zhang Li , PAN Xiaohua , Cai Sa
Published: September 2024

Background
Phenotypically unstable Schwann cell-like cells (SCLCs), derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) require intercellular contact-mediated cues for Schwann cell (SCs)-fate commitment. Although rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons provide contact-mediated signals for the conversion of SCLCs into fate-committed SCs, the use of animal cells is clinically unacceptable. To overcome this problem, we previously acquired human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons (hiPSC-dSNs) as surrogates of rat DRG neurons that committed rat bone marrow SCLC to the SC fate.
In this study, we explored whether hiPSC-dSNs could mimic rat DRG neurons effects to obtain fate-committed SCs from hBMSC-derived SCLC.
Methods
hiPSCs were induced into hiPSC-dSNs using a specific chemical small molecules combination. hBMSCs were induced into hBMSC-derived SCLCs in specific culture medium and then co-cultured with hiPSC-dSNs to generate SCs. The identity of hBMSC-derived SCs (hBMSC-dSCs) were examine by immunofluorescence, western bolt, electronic microscopy, and RNA-seq. Immunofluorescence was also used to detect the myelination capacity. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay and neurite outgrowth analysis was used to test the neurotrophic factors secretion.
Results
The hBMSC-dSCs exhibited bi-/tri-polar morphology of SCs and maintained the expression of the SC markers S100, p75NTR, p0, GFAP, and Sox10, even after withdrawing the glia-inducing factors or hiPSC-dSNs. Electronic microscopy and RNA-seq analysis provided evidence that hBMSC-dSCs were similar to the original human SCs in terms of their function and a variety of characteristics. Furthermore, these cells formed MBP-positive segments and secreted neurotrophic factors to facilitate the neurite outgrowth of Neuro2A.
Conclusions
These results demonstrated that phenotypically stable and functionally mature hBMSC-dSCs were generated efficiently via the co-culture of hiPSC-dSNs and hBMSC-derived SCLCs. Our findings may provide a promising protocol through which stable and fully developed hBMSC-dSCs can be used for transplantation to regenerate myelin sheath.
Improving 7th grade students’ understanding of how science works
Authors: Reich Norbert , Wang Yuedong
Published: September 2024

We examined the effectiveness of the SciTrek outreach program involving two junior high teachers in the same school. SciTrek has run modules in 2nd -8th grade classrooms since 2010, with each classroom participating in two modules per academic year. For this study, students (206) in eight classrooms took part in one 7th grade module focused on conservation of mass lasting six days during the Fall, and a different module focused on cellular respiration and lasting eight days in the Winter. Students took a pre-assessment prior to the modules to determine their ability to identify a testable question, to plan and design an experimental investigation, to analyze and interpret data with computational thinking. Upon finishing both modules, students took the same assessment. Students improved significantly in all aspects, showing improvements of 10–45%. Students with lower academic performance (College Preparatory, three classrooms) improved more and showed more variability in their improvement than those with higher prior academic performance (Honors). The population included socioeconomically disadvantaged (57%) and Hispanic or Latino (64%) students. We discuss the importance of key features of the approach: the inclusion of four to six trained university volunteers in each classroom to guide small group discussions, and the active engagement of the 7th grade students in developing their own questions, designing their own experiments, data collection, and the defense of their conclusion to their peers.
Unveiling Fine-scale Spatial Structures and Amplifying Gene Expression Signals in Ultra-Large ST slices with HERGAST
Authors: Yu Zhangsheng , Gong Yuqiao , Yuan Xin , Jiao Qiong
Published: September 2024

We propose HERGAST, a system for spatial structure identification and signal amplification in ultra-large-scale and ultra-high-resolution spatial transcriptomics data. To handle ultra-large data, we devise a Divide-Iterate-Conque strategy and construct a heterogeneous graph network to incorporate both local and global spatial relationships. HERGAST's high-precision spatial clustering enabled finding SPP1+ macrophages intermingled in tumors in colorectal cancer, while the enhanced gene expression signal enabled discovering unique spatial expression pattern of key genes in breast cancer.
The impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions in countries with different levels of emissions
Authors: Borowiec Justyna , Papież Monika , Śmiech Sławomir
Published: September 2024

The study analyses the impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions in countries with different levels of emissions, utilising two measures of carbon emissions based on: production (PBA) and consumption (CBA) accounting. Environmental regulations are measured by means of three components of the Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) index: market-based and non-market-based instruments, and technology support. The Moments-Quantile Regression method is employed to assess the effectiveness of these policies across countries with varying levels of emissions—high, medium, and low. The findings indicate that increased stringency in environmental regulations correlates with reduced carbon emissions per capita. Notably, the EPS index has a more significant effect on reducing PBA emissions compared to CBA emissions. A key finding is that the EPS index is more effective in countries with lower pollution per capita (i.e., lower quantiles) than in those with higher pollution per capita. Among the three components, market-based instruments are identified as the most effective in reducing carbon emissions. Additionally, in countries where per capita emissions are relatively low, the combination of market and non-market instruments proves to be the most effective in reducing emissions. In contrast, the highest carbon emitters per capita tend to achieve emissions reductions primarily through technological support.
Small-Scale, Long-Duration, and Biodegradable Zinc-Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Allen Mark
Published: September 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of multiple networked nodes, typically comprising transducers and communication capability, that collect and exchange data to achieve a system goal. As IoT node adoption increases, the impact of e-waste on the environment must be considered. Many IoT nodes are therefore incorporating biodegradable MEMS sensors. A recent example is that of precision agricultural systems, in which biodegradable IoT nodes are placed on or below the soil to monitor the plant environment over timescales from weeks to months. Such nodes require energy sources that also biodegrade without harm to the environment. Herein we report Zn-air batteries fabricated from biodegradable materials, and characterize battery performance under sensor-relevant power requirements. The battery comprises a biodegradable Zn anode, a hydrogel electrolyte, and an air cathode (normally consisting of a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer). Battery dimensions studied range from 2x2x0.7 cm3 (large cell) to 10x8x5 mm3 (corn cell, approximately the size of a corn kernel). A scalable biowax encapsulation process was developed for battery passivation. A variety of hydrogel compositions and corrosion inhibitors were investigated to extend battery lifetime. Under discharge, large cell peak power densities ranging from 10 to 50 mW/cm2, and lifetimes ranging from 15 days to 340 days, were achieved. Similarly, corn cell peak power densities ranging from 6.5 to 7.5 mW/cm2, and lifetimes ranging from 7 days to 82 days were achieved. Battery operation was measured both in air and soil environments, showing the potential of this approach for environmental IoT applications.