bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CO2 removal in humid environment by ion‐exchange membranes
Authors: Li Feng , Zhang Yifan , Zheng Shiqiang , Wang Kai , Ni Jia , Zhu Liangliang , Chen Xi
Published: July 2022

Many CO2 sorbents have performance degradation issues in humid environment. The recently developed moisture swing sorbent, initially used for CO2 capture from ambient air, faces the same problem of high moisture sensitivity in the adsorption environment with very dilute CO2 concentration (i.e., air). However, the performance of the sorbent, especially its moisture sensitivity, at relative high concentrations of CO2, is still unknown. In this work, the adsorption performance of a resin‐based ion‐exchange membrane loaded with CO32− (a typical moisture swing sorbent) was investigated in a series of isothermal equilibrium experiments at varying CO2 concentrations and relative humidity. The results showed that the moisture sensitivity of the adsorption capacity of the ion‐exchange membrane decreased with the initial CO2 concentration, especially when the initial CO2 concentration was above 4%. The competition mechanism of H2O and CO2 molecules in the membrane material was analyzed by the modified dynamic adsorption model. The present work indicates that the resin‐based ion‐exchange membrane could be used for carbon dioxide removal in a lot humid environments with relatively high CO2 concentration, such as fruit and vegetable storage room, raw natural gas, and flue gas.
Development of the degradation bacteria in household food waste and analysis of the microbial community in aerobic composting
Authors: Jin Zhihua , Lu Tong , Feng Wenjun , Jin Qingchao , Wu Zhige , Yang Yu
Published: July 2022

By screening the strains and testing different combinations of diverse bacteria, we developed a compound bacterial agent composed of 5 g Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B2), 10 g Pseudomonas aeruginosa (F4), 5 g Paenibacillus lautus (303), and 10 ml composite strains (DOD) for the degradation of household food waste (HFW). The final mass loss of HFW in aerobic composting with the compound bacteria agent B2+F4+303+DOD (group C) was 84.52%, increased by 20.83% over that loss in natural composting (group A). Analysis of 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing showed that the phyla in group A and group C mainly included Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria. At the genus level, Pediococcus was the dominant genus in group A, of which the microbial community performed better in maintaining a stable microbial system in the later stage of composting, while Weissella accounted for a larger proportion of group C, which acted well in reducing the final mass of composting. Ochrobactrum was closely related to the removal of odors in the early stage of group C. The relative abundance of compound bacterial agents was always at a rather low level, suggesting that it affected the composting process by changing the proportion of dominant bacteria in the compost.
A membrane solid‐phase extraction method based on MIL‐53‐mixed‐matrix membrane for the determination of estrogens and parabens: Polyvinylidene difluoride membrane versus polystyrene‐block‐polybutadiene membrane
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wei Kaifang , Wang Litao , Gao Guihua
Published: July 2022

In this work, MIL‐53(Al), as an inorganic “filler” component, was embedded in polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and polystyrene‐block‐polybutadiene (SBS) matrices to prepare two mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs), using a simpler method than that previously reported. The PVDF and SBS membranes retained much of the properties of PVDF, SBS, and native MIL‐53(Al). The prepared MMMs were then placed in a vortex‐stirred sample solution to develop a membrane solid‐phase extraction method to extract estrogens and parabens, which were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The extraction efficiencies of the two membranes were compared, with the PVDF membrane exhibiting superior performance. In addition, the PVDF membrane was more freestanding and flexible, and its preparation method was also more facile and simple. The extraction conditions were optimized, and the analytical method showed low limits of detection (0.005–0.18 ng/mL), good linearity, and high accuracy, with recoveries ranging from 90.7% to 102.5%. As a result, this membrane solid‐phase extraction method indicated its potential for application in aqueous sample pretreatment. For metal–organic framework–based MMM used in this method, in addition to being durable, freestanding, mechanically stable, and possessing a large area, it should also exhibit high metal–organic framework incorporation, good flexibility, and appropriate thickness and weight.
Does pleasure facilitate healthy drinking? The role of epicurean pleasure in the regulation of wine consumption
Authors: Petit Olivia , Wang Qian Janice , Spence Charles
Published: July 2022

Research on food psychology demonstrates that epicurean eating tendencies (i.e., esthetic appreciation of the sensory and symbolic value of food), similar to health concerns, tend to be associated with more regulated eating behaviors. Given that wine is already a product that is more pleasure‐oriented, the question to be addressed here is whether such epicurean tendencies exert a similar effect in terms of moderating wine consumption. Two online studies demonstrate that, contrary to this suggestion, people with epicurean drinking tendencies in fact report drinking wine more frequently, and in larger quantities, than those with health beliefs. That said, when such pleasure is explicitly emphasized through textual cues, it appears to promote more regulated wine consumption. Impaired control mediates the effects of drinking tendencies as well as the effects of cueing on wine consumption. These results highlight how stressing epicurean pleasure might prove to be an effective strategy for those marketers and public authorities wanting to promote responsible wine consumption. Success in this regard might depend on whether it is the perception of the product that is cued rather than the consumers' self‐perceived wine consumption.
Does contemplative pedagogy increase relational well‐being? A time series analysis
Authors: Dorais Stephanie , Niles Jennifer , Dukes Allison T. , Colon Michelle L. , Gutierrez Daniel
Published: July 2022

Counseling students practiced a centering meditation every morning and evening for 25 days. The authors observed the bi‐daily outcomes in interpersonal and social well‐being and analyzed the observations through a pilot study using time series analysis. The findings were a positive trend in the data for interpersonal and social well‐being.
Neues aus der nationalen Glasbaunormung
Authors: Siebert Geralt
Published: July 2022

DIN 18008‐1 und ‐2 (2020) wurden in die Entwurfsfassung der MVV TB 2021/1 aufgenommen, nach Notifizierung und Veröffentlichung der Endfassung können die Länder sie baurechtlich einführen. Dank Fortschritts der Überarbeitung der Teile 3, 4 und 5 kann 2022 mit Veröffentlichung der DIN‐Entwürfe gerechnet werden. Änderungen sind begründet in der Novellierung des Bauordnungsrechts, dem Fortschritt der Forschung sowie des Stands der Technik. Zu nennen sind beispielsweise die Aufnahme von Senkkopfhaltern mit Erweiterung des vereinfachten Berechnungsverfahrens, Überarbeitung und Ausweitung der geregelten Kategorien absturzsichernder Verglasungen mit größerer Konsistenz bezüglich der Nachweisführung. Ein neuer Anhang zur Regelung von Ganzglasanlagen ermöglicht, weit verbreitete Anwendungen aus dem Graubereich zu holen.

Update on standardization work of glass design code in Germany. DIN 18008‐1 and ‐2 (2020) have been included in the draft version of MVV TB 2021/1; after notification and publication of the final version, the federal states can introduce them in terms of building legislation. Thanks to progress in the revision of parts 3, 4 and 5, publication of the DIN drafts can be expected in 2022. Changes are due to the revision of the building legislation, the progress of research and the state of the art. These include, for example, the inclusion of countersunk point fixings with extension of the simplified calculation procedure, revision and extension of the regulated categories of barrier glazing with greater consistency in terms of verification. A new annex on the regulation of all‐glass systems enables widespread applications to be taken out of the shadows.
Berechnung von punktgestützten Verglasungen mit Senkkopfhaltern
Authors: Menkenhagen Jochen , Lama Prasantha
Published: July 2022

Nach jetzigem Stand ist die Berechnung punktgestützter Verglasungen nach dem vereinfachten Verfahren der DIN 18008‐3 auf zylindrische Bohrungen mit Tellerhaltern beschränkt. Flächenbündige Senkkopfhalter mit konischer Bohrung im Glas werden nicht berücksichtigt. In der Praxis wird in der Regel der Nachweis solcher Verglasungen über komplexe numerische Berechnungen oder durch Versuche erbracht. Um diese zuletzt genannten Punkte zu umgehen, wird in diesem Beitrag die Erweiterung des vereinfachten Verfahrens zur Berechnung von punktgestützten Verglasungen mit Senkkopfhaltern aufgezeigt.

Calculation of point‐supported glazing with countersunk head supports. On the current status, the calculation of point‐supported glazing according to the simplified method of DIN 18008‐3 is limited on cylindrical bores with plate holders. Flush countersunk head supports with a conical bore in the glass are not considered. In practice, verification of such glazing is usually provided through complex numerical calculations or tests. In order to avoid these last‐mentioned points, the extension of the simplified procedure for the calculation of point‐supported glazing with countersunk head supports is shown in this article.
Retrofitted Building Skins – Energetische Optimierung der Gebäudehülle im Bestand
Authors: Albus Jutta , Rehnig Lena
Published: July 2022

Um das Klimaziel der Bundesregierung zu erreichen, gilt die energetische Optimierung im Gebäudesektor als eine übergeordnete Aufgabe, die nicht nur die Erstellung neuer Gebäude, sondern auch die Ertüchtigung des Gebäudebestands betrifft. Gegenstand der Forschungs‐ und Lehrtätigkeiten des Lehrgebiets bilden Entwurfsentwicklungen, die durch innovative Gebäudehüllen und Fassadentechnologien einen nachhaltigen und ressourcenschonenden Beitrag auch für den hohen Anteil von Bestandsgebäuden leisten. Sanierungs‐ und Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen werden vor dem Hintergrund energetischer Optimierungsstrategien, nachhaltiger Gebäudekonzeption und ressourcenschonendem Materialeinsatz entwickelt und fokussieren dabei aktive und passive Maßnahmen. Dabei soll insbesondere der Anteil von bestehenden Büro‐ und Verwaltungsbauten betrachtet werden, der neben dem Wohngebäudebestand ein erhebliches Potential zur Reduzierung von CO2‐Emissionen aufzeigt.

Retrofitted Building Skins – energetic optimization of the building envelope of existing buildings. In order to adapt to the Federal Government's Climate Action Programme, energy optimization in the building sector is considered an important task that not only affects the construction of new buildings, but also the renovation of existing building stock. The research and teaching activities of the junior professorship focus on architectural design developments that follow sustainable and resource‐saving parameters by implementing innovative building skins and facade technologies to improve the energetic building performance. Renovation and maintenance methods are developed against the background of energy optimization strategies, sustainable building design and resource‐efficient use of materials, focusing on the implementation of active and passive measures. This paper emphasizes the proportion of existing office and administrative buildings, which, in addition to the residential building stock, have considerable potential to reduce CO2 emissions.
Spannungsoptische Untersuchungen an polymeren Zwischenschichten in Verbundgläsern
Authors: Dix Steffen , Efferz Lena , Hiss Stefan , Schuler Christian , Kolling Stefan
Published: July 2022

Die im thermischen Vorspannprozess induzierten Eigenspannungen verursachen unter polarisiertem Licht Anisotropie‐Effekte im Glas. Derzeit beschränkt sich die Kontrolle dieser Anisotropien, welche als optische Gangunterschiede quantifiziert werden, auf Einzelgläser. In dieser Studie werden erstmals spannungsoptische Untersuchungen an Verbundgläsern durchgeführt. Im Zugversuch wird die spannungsoptische Konstante von PVB und SG ermittelt und in Gangunterschiedsmessungen die Auswirkung des Verbundprozesses analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein Unterschied zwischen den Polymeren hinsichtlich ihrer spannungsoptischen Eigenschaften besteht und dass durch die Folie eine Erhöhung der Gangunterschiedswerte im Verbundglas feststellbar ist.

Investigation of polymeric interlayers in laminated glass using photoelasticity. The residual stresses induced in the thermal toughening process cause so‐called anisotropy effects in the glass under polarized light. Currently, the control of anisotropies, which are quantified as optical retardation, is limited to monolithic glass. In this study, for the first time, photoelastic studies are performed on laminated glass panes. The photoelastic constant of PVB and SGP interlayers is determined in tensile tests, and the effect of the lamination process is analyzed in retardation measurements. The results show that there is a difference between the interlayers with respect to their photoelastic properties and that an increase in the retardation values in the laminated glass was detectable due to the insertion of the polymer film.
Punktgehaltene Gläser mit geringem Bohrungsrandabstand
Authors: Efferz Lena , Dix Steffen , Schuler Christian
Published: July 2022

In der Praxis wird der Abstand vom Bohrungsrand zur Glaskante nach DIN 18008‐3 bei punktgehaltenen Verglasungen häufig unterschritten, sodass nach Norm nur die Festigkeit des Basisglases angesetzt werden darf. Gemäß aktuellen Untersuchungen werden die Verteilung der Eigenspannungen und die charakteristische Biegefestigkeit bei Verringerung des Randabstandes zur Bohrung nicht relevant beeinträchtigt. Dies kann auch anhand eines Praxisbeispiels einer Aufzugverglasung aus ESG mit randnahen Bohrungen verifiziert werden. Hier wird mit spannungsoptischen Messungen die Vorspannqualität des Glases untersucht. Abschließend werden Bruchspannungen aus verschiedenen zerstörenden Versuchen an randnahen Bohrungen miteinander verglichen.

Point‐supported glasses with small distance from hole to edge from the point of view of science and application. In point‐fixed glazing, the distance from the hole to the edge according to the German standard DIN 18008 is often undercut. So that according to the standard, only the strength of the base glass can be applied. Current investigations show that the distribution of residual stresses and the characteristic bending strength are not significantly affected by reducing the distance from edge to hole. This is verified by means of a field example of a lift glazing with holes close to the edge in toughened safety glass. Here, the pre‐stressing quality of the glass is examined with photoelastic measurements. Finally, fracture stresses from various destructive tests on holes near the edges are discussed.
Das mechanische Verhalten von Vakuumisoliergläsern unter Windbelastung
Authors: Schulz Isabell , Paschke Franz , Kocer Cenk , Schneider Jens
Published: July 2022

Das Interesse an Vakuumisolierglas (VIG), einer thermisch optimierten und dünneren Alternative zu herkömmlichen Mehrscheibenisoliergläsern, wächst. Während die jahrelange Optimierung der bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften bereits dazu führt, dass heute Ug‐Werte von unter 0,4 W/(m2K) erreicht werden können, fehlen für das mechanische Verhalten dieser Glaskomponenten hinreichende Bemessungsansätze, die den sicheren Einsatz von VIGs in Fenster‐ und Fassadensystemen gewährleisten. Insbesondere Windlasten werden in der Literatur in diesem Kontext nur selten behandelt. In Form einer FE‐Analyse sollen Einflüsse verschiedener Design‐Parameter auf das mechanische Verhalten von VIGs unter Windbelastung aufgezeigt werden. Anschließend werden diese in den Kontext der deutschen Glasbaunorm DIN 18008 und der Windlastnorm nach DIN EN 1991‐1‐4:2010 gestellt und bewertet.

Numerical investigation of the mechanical behavior of vacuum insulated glazing under wind load. Interest in vacuum insulated glazing (VIG), a thermally optimized and slim alternative to conventional multi‐pane insulating glass units, is growing. While years of research into thermal performance have already resulted in Ug values of less than 0.4 W/(m2K), there is a lack of sufficient design approaches for the mechanical behavior of these glass components to ensure the safe use of VIGs in window and facade systems. Especially wind loads are only rarely considered in this context. In the form of an FE analysis, influences of different design parameters on the mechanical behavior of VIGs under wind loading will be shown. The results will then be put into the context of the German standard for glass in buildings DIN 18008 and the wind load chapter of Eurocode 1.
Reisezeit
Authors: Wiederhold Sabine
Published: July 2022

No abstract.
Chronic biopsy proven post‐COVID myoendocarditis with SARS‐Cov‐2 persistence and high level of antiheart antibodies
Authors: Blagova Olga , Lutokhina Yuliya , Kogan Evgenia , Kukleva Anna , Ainetdinova Dilara , Novosadov Vladimir , Rud' Ruslan , Savina Polina , Zaitsev Alexander , Fomin Viktor
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To study the clinical signs and mechanisms (viral and autoimmune) of myoendocarditis in the long‐term period after COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19).

Methods

Fourteen patients (nine male, 50.1 ± 10.2 y.o.) with biopsy proven post‐COVID myocarditis were observed. The diagnosis of COVID‐19 was confirmed by IgG seroconversion. The average time of admission after COVID‐19 was 5.5 [2; 10] months. An endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) of the right ventricle was obtained. The biopsy analysis included polymerase chain reaction diagnosis of viral infection, morphological, immunohistochemical (IHC) examination with antibodies to CD3, CD45, CD68, CD20, SARS‐Cov‐2 spike, and nucleocapsid antigens. Coronary atherosclerosis was ruled out in all patients over 40 years.

Results

The new cardiac symptoms (congestive heart failure 3–4 New York Heart Association class with severe right ventricular involvement, various rhythm, and conduction disturbances) appeared 1–5 months following COVID‐19. Magnetic resonance imaging showed disseminated or focal subepicardial and intramyocardial late gadolinium enhancement, hyperemia, edema, and increased myocardial native T1 relaxation time. Antiheart antibodies levels were increased 3–4 times in 92.9% of patients. The mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) was 28% (24.5; 37.8). Active lymphocytic myocarditis was diagnosed in 12 patients, eosinophilic myocarditis in two patients. SARS‐Cov‐2 RNA was detected in 12 cases (85.7%), in association with parvovirus B19 DNA—in one. Three patients had also endocarditis (infective and nonbacterial, with parietal thrombosis). As a result of steroid and chronic heart failure therapy, the EF increased to 47% (37.5; 52.5).

Conclusions

COVID‐19 can lead to long‐term severe post‐COVID myoendocarditis, that is characterized by prolonged persistence of coronavirus in cardiomyocytes, endothelium, and macrophages (up to 18 months) in combination with high immune activity. Corticosteroids and anticoagulants should be considered as a treatment option of post‐COVID myoendocarditis.
The Characterization of Polysorbate
Authors: Zhang Sisi , Xiao Hui , Li Ning
Published: July 2022

Polysorbates (PSs), including PS20 and PS80, are non‐ionic surfactants widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to enhance drug solubility and stability. Despite their wide application, PSs are prone to degradation by either hydrolysis or oxidation in drug formulations during storage; therefore, a PS characterization method assessing protein products is needed for stability testing and for understanding the degradation pathway. In this article, we detail our protocol for sample preparation for forced degradation study and our instrumentation setup for PS profiling and quantitation in protein samples. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Sample preparation for forced degradation of polysorbate in protein samples

Basic Protocol 2: Two‐dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector or mass spectrometry to analyze polysorbate degradation
Cancer‐associated fibroblast‐derived exosomal microRNA‐20a suppresses the PTEN/PI3K‐AKT pathway to promote the progression and chemoresistance of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Shi Lin , Zhu Weiliang , Huang Yuanyuan , Zhuo Lin , Wang Siyun , Chen Shaobing , Zhang Bei , Ke Bin
Published: July 2022

Background

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contributes to overall tumor progression. In the current survey, we explored the ability of microRNA‐20a (miR‐20a) within these CAF‐derived exosomes to influence non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression.

Materials and methods

Normal tissue‐associated fibroblasts (NAFs) and CAFs were collected from samples of NSCLC patient tumors and paracancerous lung tissues. Exosomes derived from these cells were then characterized via Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analyses, and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of miR‐20a was assessed via qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). CCK‐8, EdU uptake, and colony formation assessments were used for evaluating tumor proliferation, while Hoechst staining was performed to monitor the in vitro apoptotic death of tumor cells. A model of xenograft tumor established in nude mice was also used to evaluate in vivo tumor responses.

Results

CAF‐derived exosomes exhibited miR‐20a upregulation and promoted NSCLC cell proliferation and resistance to cisplatin (DDP). Mechanistically, CAF‐derived exosomes were discovered to transmit miR‐20a to tumor cells wherein it was able to target PTEN to enhance DDP resistance and proliferation. Associated PTEN downregulation following exosome‐derived miR‐20a treatment enhanced PI3K/AKT pathway activation.

Conclusion

The achieved outcomes explain that CAFs can release miR‐20a‐containing exosomes capable of promoting NSCLC progression and chemoresistance, highlighting this pathway as a possible therapeutic target in NSCLC.
SEE‐MAC: Spectrum and energy efficient‐medium access control protocol for Internet of Things
Authors: Pandit Shweta , Kumar Alok , Thakur Prabhat , Singh Ghanshyam
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we have devised a method for spectrum‐and energy‐efficient wireless communication systems for the Internet of Things (IoT) devices that require continuous uninterrupted power for their operation. However, the potential application of the proposed scheme is vast and is relevant to any wireless communication systems deployed for the next generation connected systems that face challenges in spectrum availability and battery charging of the devices. To fulfill the demand of wireless devices, such as sensor nodes deployed in the IoT, we have proposed a spectral‐and energy‐efficient‐medium access control (SEE‐MAC) protocol with a radio‐frequency energy harvesting (EH) facility. The proposed protocol has integrated wireless power harvesting with cognitive sensor nodes to provide both the energy‐ and spectrum‐efficient wireless communication system. In the proposed SEE‐MAC, the cognitive sensor nodes take the advantage of both the idle and active licensed channels of the primary network for data transmission and EH. The proposed system identifies the active licensed channel of the network to be allotted to each cognitive sensor node for EH and idle channel recognition for data transmission. The mathematical analysis has also been performed representing allocation of primary user channels for the EH and data transmission. The closed‐form expressions obtained along with simulation results have illustrated the amount of harvested energy, throughput, and energy efficiency achieved by the cognitive sensor nodes of the network.
Orient and mentor your new faculty for the upcoming academic year
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: July 2022

The summer is just about over and it's time to get into high gear for the fall semester. You've most likely spent some time in the spring or summer hiring new faculty, both full and part time. There is nothing more important for a dean or provost to do than to orient and mentor new faculty. However, sometimes this falls through the cracks. We're all so incredibly busy preparing for the fall term that often this important task gets overlooked.
Delayed perforation after cold snare polypectomy for small colonic polyps in a patient receiving oral corticosteroids
Authors: Iwano Hirotoshi , Sato Takayuki , Ishii Yoshifumi , Niki Suguru , Sawaya Reiji , Tamakawa Susumu , Yamada Masataka
Published: July 2022

This case report describes a fatal outcome due to delayed perforation after cold snare polypectomy in a patient with bullous pemphigoid receiving oral corticosteroids. Cold snare polypectomy has become the standard treatment for small colorectal polyps because of the procedure's safety and simplicity. In this case, however, corticosteroid therapy and vasculitis may have caused local necrosis and tearing of the intestinal wall. Corticosteroids are widely used, and perforation after cold snare polypectomy is extremely rare. However, some patients on corticosteroid therapy may have special pathologies, such as in this case, and we advise physicians to use appropriate judgment and extreme caution in determining the indication for endoscopic therapy.
Hair analysis for beta‐blockers and calcium‐channel blockers by using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry as a tool for monitoring adherence to antihypertensive therapy
Authors: Taus Francesco , Gottardo Rossella , Ballotari Marco , Utzeri Chiara , Tagliaro Franco
Published: July 2022

Adherence to therapy is the key to a successful therapeutic intervention, especially in cardiovascular diseases in which a lack of adherence may have serious consequences in terms morbidity and/or mortality. In this context, hair analysis can be an excellent tool to monitor adherence to therapy. Indeed, drugs present in blood are incorporated into the hair matrix, where drugs and metabolites can stay unaltered for a long time protected from metabolism and degradation. In the present study, a simple, specific, and sensitive ultra‐high performance liquid‐chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) method set up to determine in human hair seven beta‐blockers (viz., metoprolol, sotalol, labetalol, atenolol, nebivolol, bisoprolol, and nadolol) and two calcium‐channel blockers (lercanidipine and amlodipine), which are widely prescribed to treat medium‐to‐severe hypertensive conditions. The optimized method was successfully validated in terms of accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, matrix effect and extraction recovery. Moreover, the applicability of the method was evaluated by analyzing 34 real samples of hair obtained from patients under long‐term therapy with calcium channel blockers and beta‐blockers.
History of pre‐pregnancy maternal symptoms of binge eating and childhood behavioral problems in girls and boys
Authors: Tapp Caley , Mishra Gita D. , Dobson Annette J. , Moss Katrina M. , Tooth Leigh R.
Published: July 2022

Objective

To explore whether children of mothers with pre‐pregnancy binge eating (BE) symptoms have more behavioral difficulties compared with those without and whether associations are moderated by ED symptoms and other maternal health and social factors measured during childhood.

Method

Pre‐pregnancy BE symptoms were collected by the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health at Survey 1 (in 1996) and/or at Survey 2 (in 2000) using questions mapped to DSM BE criterion 1. In 2016/7, 2180 women from the 1973–78 cohort provided data on externalizing and internalizing behavior, measured by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, on 4054 of their children (2–12 years) in the Mothers and their Children's Health study. Covariates were markers of other ED symptoms, sociodemographic, social support, and mental health factors collected proximally to the child outcomes. Hierarchical multivariable regression models, using generalized estimating equations accounting for clustering of children within mothers, were used.

Results

Pre‐pregnancy BE symptoms were associated with child behavior, with associations only moderated after adjustment for proximal markers of ED (girls internalizing behavior, b (95%CI) .30 (−.02, .61); boys externalizing behavior .34 (−.04, .73)) or social support (girls externalizing behavior 0.26 (−.08, .61)). Pre‐pregnancy BE symptoms were not associated with boys internalizing behavior (−.27 (−.02, 0.57)).

Discussion

Studies with repeated ED measures should test hypotheses that these associations vary by timing of ED measurement. Identification of young women at risk of BE symptoms pre‐pregnancy, as well as when children are older, may enable health services, treatment programs, and supports to minimize longer term effects on children.

Public significance statement

A history of binge eating symptoms up to 10 years pre‐pregnancy in mothers is associated with behavior problems in their girls and boys at average age of 7. However, the association is moderated by behaviors of eating disorders and social support in the mothers during childhood. Identification of ED symptoms prior to pregnancy, and then after childbirth, might enable health services to intervene to maximize child and mother outcomes.
Ten‐year ecological responses to fuel treatments within semiarid Wyoming big sagebrush ecosystems
Authors: Pyke David A. , Shaff Scott E. , Chambers Jeanne C. , Schupp Eugene W. , Newingham Beth A. , Gray Margaret L. , Ellsworth Lisa M.
Published: July 2022

Sagebrush ecosystems of western North America are threatened by invasive annual grasses and wildfires that can remove fire‐intolerant shrubs for decades. Fuel reduction treatments are used ostensibly to aid in fire suppression, conserve wildlife habitat, and restore historical fire regimes, but long‐term ecological impacts of these treatments are not clear. In 2006, we initiated fuel reduction treatments (prescribed fire, mowing, and herbicide applications [tebuthiuron and imazapic]) in six Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis communities. We evaluated long‐term effects of these fuel treatments on: (1) magnitude and longevity of fuel reduction; (2) Greater Sage‐grouse habitat characteristics; and (3) ecological resilience and resistance to invasive annual grasses. Responses were analyzed using repeated‐measures linear mixed models. Response variables included plant biomass, cover, density and height, distances between perennial plants, and exposed soil cover. Prescribed fire produced the greatest reduction in woody fuel over time. Mowing initially reduced woody biomass, which recovered by year 10. Tebuthiuron did not significantly reduce woody biomass compared to controls. All woody fuel treatments reduced sagebrush cover to below 15% (recommended minimum for Greater Sage‐grouse habitat), but only prescribed fire reduced cover to below controls. Median mowed sagebrush height remained above the recommended 30 cm. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) cover increased to above the recommended maximum of 10% across all treatments and controls. Ecological resilience to woody fuel treatments was lowest with fire and greatest with mowing. Low resilience over the 10 posttreatment years was identified by: (1) poor perennial plant recovery posttreatment with sustained reductions in cover and density of some perennial plant species; (2) sustained reductions in lichen and moss cover; and (3) increases in cheatgrass cover. Although 10 years is insufficient to conclusively describe final ecological responses to fuel treatments, mowing woody fuels has the greatest potential to reduce woody fuel, minimize shrub mortality and soil disturbance, maintain lichens and mosses, and minimize long‐term negative impacts on Greater Sage‐grouse habitat. However, maintaining ecological resilience and resistance to invasion may be threatened by increases in cheatgrass cover, which are occurring regionally.
Too many to count: Using orthophotography to census an unharvested beaver (Castor canadensis) population in Ontario
Authors: McLaren A. A. D. , Newton E. J. , Silver A. , Allan M. R. , Middel K. R. , Pond B. A. , Patterson B. R.
Published: July 2022

Various methods exist to monitor wildlife populations and estimate trends in their distribution and abundance. For American beaver (Castor canadensis), aerial surveys provide a means to obtain abundance data over large areas and typically involve observers searching watercourses and shorelines for active beaver presence. Here, we describe a systematic aerial photographic census we designed and executed in autumn to quantify annual beaver colony abundance on the 184‐km2Michipicoten Island, Ontario, from 2015 to 2019. Aerial photographs were stitched together into orthophotomosaics after each census and visually searched for beaver food caches, with each food cache representing an independent beaver colony. Our methods revealed that beaver colony abundance declined substantially from a peak of 6.1 colonies/km2in 2015, the highest reported across North America, to 0.4 colonies/km2in 2018. Beaver abundance remained low through 2019. Although photographing the entire isolated study area required relatively little time and effort, even when beaver density was very high, post‐census processing work was time‐consuming. Lessons learned will improve efficiencies of our future censuses and aid other researchers. Our method is advantageous over traditional aerial wildlife surveys in that it provides a digital and visual record that can be used for additional analyses.
Nitrogen availability determines ecosystem productivity in response to climate warming
Authors: Liu Yang , Men Mingxin , Peng Zhengping , Houx James H. , Peng Yunfeng
Published: July 2022

One of the major uncertainties for carbon–climate feedback predictions is an inadequate understanding of the mechanisms governing variations in ecosystem productivity response to warming. Temperature and water availability are regarded as the primary controls over the direction and magnitude of warming effects, but some unexplained results signal that our understanding is incomplete. Using two complementary meta‐analyses, we present evidence that soil nitrogen (N) availability drives the warming effects on ecosystem productivity more strongly than thermal and hydrological factors over a broad geographical scale. First, by synthesizing temperature manipulation experiments, a meta‐regression model analysis showed that the warming effect on productivity is mainly driven by its effect on soil N availability. Sites with a higher warming‐induced increase in N availability were characterized by stronger productivity enhancement and vice versa, suggesting that N is a limiting factor across sites. Second, a synthesis of full‐factorial warming × N addition experiments demonstrated that N addition significantly weakened the positive warming effect, because the additional N induced by warming may not further benefit plant growth when N limitation is relieved, providing experimental evidence that N regulates the warming effect. Furthermore, we demonstrated that warming effects on soil N availability were modulated by changes in dissolved organic N and soil microbes. Overall, our findings enrich a new mechanistic understanding of the varying magnitudes of observed productivity response to warming, and the N scaling of warming effects may help to constrain climate projections.
Thyroid disease‐specific quality of life questionnaires ‐ A systematic review
Authors: Uslar Verena , Becker Caroline , Weyhe Dirk , Tabriz Navid
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Thyroid diseases are very common and rarely life‐threatening. One of the main therapeutic goals is an improvement in quality of life, making it important to measure in clinical and research settings. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the currently available thyroid‐specific quality of life questionnaires with regard to their validation quality in order to make recommendations for clinical use with a special focus on German questionnaires.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. A total of 904 studies were identified. After excluding duplicates, non‐English‐ or German‐language texts, full texts that were not freely available and studies with irrelevant content, 64 studies reporting on 16 different questionnaires were included in the analysis.

Results

Four questionnaires concerned benign thyroid diseases (ThyPRO, ThyPRO‐39, Thy‐R‐HRQoL and Thy‐D‐QOL), six malignant thyroid diseases (THYCA‐QoL, ThyCa‐HRLQOL, EORTC‐Thy34, MADSI‐Thy, QOL‐Thyroid and ThyCAT), and six endocrine orbitopathy (GO‐QOL, GO‐QLS, TED‐QOL, STED‐QOL, TAO‐QoL and Ox‐TED). Only five questionnaires were at least developed, if not validated, in German, and five were developed in more than two languages.

Conclusions

ThyPRO and the ThyPRO‐39 are the best‐evaluated questionnaires for benign thyroid diseases. Alternatively, in hypothyroid patients, the adequately validated Thy‐D‐QoL can be used. For malignant thyroid diseases, the choice should be made individually, as all six questionnaires (THYCA‐QoL, ThyCA‐HRQOL, EORTC‐Thy34, MDASI‐Thy, QOL‐Thyroid and ThyCAT) have different strengths and weaknesses. The GO‐QOL is the best‐validated questionnaire in endocrine orbitopathy. However, the TED‐QOL is also suitable as a short‐screening questionnaire for these patients.
IgM‐enriched immunoglobulin as adjuvant therapy for heart transplant after infection of left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Böttger Charlotte , Aubin Hug , Westenfeld Ralf , Oehler Daniel , Bruno Raphael Romano , Dalyanoglu Hannan , Tudorache Igor , Akhyari Payam , Lichtenberg Artur , Boeken Udo
Published: July 2022

Patients undergoing heart transplantation (HTx) with active infection of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are at high risk for postoperative infections. Between 2021 and 2022, five (P1–P5) of a total of n = 44 patients underwent HTx in our department while suffering from LVAD infection. Postoperatively, patients received adjuvant IgM‐enriched human intravenous immunoglobulin (IGM‐IVIG), consisting of 76% IgG, 12% IgM, and 12% IgA as a novel approach to prevent infective complications. While in P1, P2, and P4, LVAD driveline infection was known before HTx; in P3 and P5, abscess of device pocket was found incidentally during HTx. After a single dose of IGM‐IVIG, all patients showed adequate rise in serum immunoglobulins. In the postoperative course, no patient developed infective complications. All patients were successfully discharged and in good condition at the last follow‐up. Therefore, IGM‐IVIG seems to be an effective adjuvant treatment for patients undergoing HTx with LVAD infections.
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Promoted Highly Chemo‐ and Regioselective ortho‐Nitration of Anilines under Mild Conditions
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Joshi Asha , De Saroj Ranjan
Published: July 2022

A new and practical strategy for chemo‐ and regioselective ortho‐nitration of aniline carbamates under mild and neutral conditions have been disclosed using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a cheap nitrating agent. The electrophilic reaction exhibits a simple and straightforward pathway to obtain exclusively ortho‐nitration products in good to excellent yields with outstanding functional groups tolerance for both electron rich and highly electron‐deficient anilines. The highlight of this protocol is the role of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a cheap nitrating agent that (Ce+4) via chelation with the directing group controls the regioselectivity of electrophilic nitration without the requirement of additional metal catalyst and external oxidant.
An efficient and continuous filter operation for dust‐laden flue gas based on a self‐cleaning stainless steel weaved filter
Authors: Qu Hengyu , Lai Nien‐Chu , Jiang Binfan , Liu Xiangjun , Xia Dehong
Published: July 2022

Advanced filtration technologies of the high‐temperature flue gas are crucial for lower emission of dust particles and higher heat recovery. An efficient and continuous filter for high‐temperature flue gas based on a self‐cleaning stainless steel fabric is proposed in this article. Analysis of the microstructure of stainless steel fabric is conducted and derived the optimal structural parameters of the fabric. Considering uniformity of flow field, the structure of filter bag and arrangement of bags of the filter are optimized. Based on the optimal condition, single‐bag experiments are conducted, which show that the filtration efficiency and pressure drop got stabilized (i.e., 99.8% and 1222 Pa) with enough operation time and only affected by filtration superficial velocity. The dust cake structure could reach dynamic self‐equilibrium in the overall structure, verifying that self‐cleaning can be achieved applying stainless steel fabric. A pilot‐scale high‐temperature flue gas system is set up and the results indicate that the filtration efficiency reaches stable and maintains above 99.9% with 1440 h of uninterrupted service at 793 ~ 809°C, and the outlet dust concentration of flue gas is less than 8.3 mg/m3.
Association of autism diagnosis and polygenic scores with eating disorder severity
Authors: Zhang Ruyue , Birgegård Andreas , Fundín Bengt , Landén Mikael , Thornton Laura M. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Dinkler Lisa
Published: July 2022

Among individuals with eating disorders (ED), those with co‐occurring autism are often considered to have more severe presentations and poorer prognosis. However, previous findings have been contradictory and limited by small sample size and/or cross‐sectional assessment of autistic traits. We examine the hypothesis that autism diagnosis and autism polygenic score (PGS) are associated with increased ED severity in a large ED cohort using a broad range of ED severity indicators. Our cohort included 3189 individuals (64 males) born 1977–2000 with current or previous anorexia nervosa who participated in the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative‐Sweden (ANGI‐SE) and for whom genotypes and linkage to national registers were available. We identified 134 (4.2%) individuals with registered autism diagnoses. Individuals with confirmed autism diagnosis had significantly more severe ED across three sets of severity indicators. Some of the largest effects were found for the proportion of individuals who attempted suicide and who received tube feeding (higher in autism), and for the time spent in inpatient care (longer in autism). Results for autism PGS were not statistically significant. Adapting ED treatment to the needs of individuals with co‐occurring autism is an important research direction to improve treatment outcome in this group.
The Amphibian Short-Term Assay: Evaluation of a New Ecotoxicological Method for Amphibians Using Two Organophosphate Pesticides Commonly Found in Nature—Assessment of Biochemical, Morphological, and Life-History Traits
Authors: Boualit Laurent , Cayuela Hugo , Cattin Loic , Chèvre Nathalie
Published: July 2022

Amphibia is the most threatened class among vertebrates, with >40% of the species threatened with extinction. Pollution is thought to alter amphibian population dynamics. With the growing interest in behavioral ecotoxicology, the neurotoxic organophosphate pesticides are of special concern. Understanding how exposure to neurotoxics leads to behavioral alterations is of crucial importance, and mechanistic endpoints should be included in ecotoxicological methods. In the present study, we tested an 8-day assay to evaluate the toxicity of two organophosphates, diazinon and chlorpyrifos, on Xenopus laevis, that is, on biochemical, morphological, and life-history traits related to locomotion capacities. The method involves measuring biomarkers such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD; two indicators of the detoxifying system) in the 8-day-old larvae as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (involved in the nervous system) in 4-day-old embryos and 8-day-old larvae. Snout-to-vent length and snout-to-tail length of 4-day-old embryos and 8-day larvae were recorded as well as the corresponding growth rate. Fin and tail muscle widths were measured as well for testing changes in tail shape. Both tests showed effects of both organophosphates on AChE activity; however, no changes were observed in GST and EROD. Furthermore, exposure to chlorpyrifos demonstrated impacts on morphological and life-history traits, presaging alteration of locomotor traits. In addition, the results suggest a lower sensitivity to chlorpyrifos of 4-day-old embryos compared to 8-day-old larvae. Tests on other organophosphates are needed to test the validity of this method for the whole organophosphate group. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2688–2699. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
The Influence of Oil-in-Water Preparations on the Toxicity of Crude Oil to Marine Invertebrates and Fish Following Short-Term Pulse and Continuous Exposures
Authors: Hook Sharon E. , Strzelecki Joanna , Adams Merrin S. , Binet Monique T. , McKnight Kitty , Golding Lisa A. , Elsdon Travis S.
Published: July 2022

Following an oil spill, accurate assessments of the ecological risks of exposure to compounds within petroleum are required, as is knowledge regarding how those risks may change with the use of chemical dispersants. Laboratory toxicity tests are frequently used to assess these risks, but differences in the methods for preparation of oil-in-water solutions may confound interpretation, as may differences in exposure time to those solutions. In the present study, we used recently developed modifications of standardized ecotoxicity tests with copepods (Acartia sinjiensis), sea urchins (Heliocidaris tuberculata), and fish embryos (Seriola lalandi) to assess their response to crude oil solutions and assessed whether the oil-in-water preparation method changed the results. We created a water-accommodated fraction, a chemically enhanced water-accommodated fraction, and a high-energy water-accommodated fraction (HEWAF) using standard approaches using two different dispersants, Corexit 9500 and Slickgone NS. We found that toxicity was best related to total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (TPAH) concentrations in solution, regardless of the preparation method used, and that the HEWAF was the most toxic because it dispersed the highest quantity of oil into solution. The TPAH composition in water did not vary appreciably with different preparation methods. For copepods and sea urchins, we also found that at least some of the toxic response could be attributed to the chemical oil dispersant. We did not observe the characteristic cardiac deformities that have been previously reported in fish embryos, most likely due to the use of unweathered oil, and, as a consequence, the high proportion of naphthalenes relative to cardiotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the overall composition. The present study highlights the need to characterize both the TPAH composition and concentration in test solutions when assessing oil toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2580–2594. © 2022 CSIRO and Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.