bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of partial copper salt of polyacrylic acid as a wood antiseptic
Authors: Matveeva E. A. , Kuznetsova V. E. , Usmanov R. T. , Samultsev D. O. , Belovezhets L. A.
Published: January 2025

The current market of wood preservatives offers a wide variety of products. However, the search for efficient fungicides meeting modern requirements continues to be relevant. Such requirements include safety for both humans and the environment; physical and chemical resistance; affordable cost; absence of unpleasant odor; absence of effects on the mechanical properties of wood, etc. This study was aimed at obtaining an effective fungicide for wood, which could meet all the above requirements. We synthesized a partial copper salt of polyacrylic acid (cupril), which was characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The biological activity of the substance was assessed using compounds based on polyacrylic acid of various molecular weights. Atomic adsorption spectroscopy was used to select the most feasible method for applying a cupril solution onto wood surfaces. The fungicidal and antibacterial activity of the obtained antiseptic was studied. The most feasible method for covering wood surfaces with a cupril solution was found to be its application followed by thermal drying (105 °C). Cupril with medium- and high-molecular weights was established to be most active against fungi of different taxonomic groups, including Trichaptum laricinum, Trichoderma harzianum, Hormonema macrosporum, also exhibiting activity against such copper-resistant fungi as Fomitopsis pinicola. Antibacterial activity testing showed that cupril with different molecular weights of polyacrylic acid equally inhibited the bacterial growth of Enterococcus durans and Bacillus subtilis; however, inhibition of Escherichia coli was observed only in the case of the highest molecular weight.
Evaluating a selective therapy approach to antimicrobial treatment of high-risk calves at arrival to a male dairy calf rearing facility on future health, growth and antimicrobial use: A group randomized controlled trial
Authors: Von Konigslow Taika E. , Renaud David L. , Duffield Todd F. , Winder Charlotte B. , Kelgon David F.
Published: January 2025

The objective of this group randomized controlled trial was to compare a selective therapy strategy to a conventional group antimicrobial strategy at the time of arrival on mortality, mor­bidity, average daily gain and antimicrobial use. Data were collected from 1,032 calves in 19 rooms over an 84-day study period between January 15 and August 7, 2018. All calves were randomly assigned to rooms and subject to a standardized screening risk assessment upon arrival at the facility. Rooms were randomly assigned to receive either conventional group oral antimicrobials; or, selective therapy based on risk assign­ment (long-acting parenteral antimicrobials, oral electrolytes, or both). Cox proportional hazards models were built for calf health outcomes, while mixed linear regression models were constructed for calf growth and antimicrobial use outcomes. There was no difference between interventions for morbid­ity over the entire study period. However, lightweight calves assigned to the conventional group antimicrobial therapy had higher total and group treatment incidence. Calves assigned to the selective therapy strategy that had rectal temperatures be­low 103.1 °F (39.5 °C) at the time of arrival were more likely to be treated with antimicrobials. The selective therapy strategy had an increased hazard of mortality. Growth was lower in calves assigned to the selective therapy strategy in the winter as com­pared to calves assigned to conventional group metaphylaxis. This study demonstrates that a selective therapy strategy at the time of arrival may not be appropriate for all facilities or in all seasons despite the overall reduction in antimicrobial use.
Patulin and phenolic content in commercial fruity baby foods on the Turkish market
Authors: Yalçın Seda , Coşkun Sevgül
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to determine baby foods' safety, antioxidant content, and color. In this study, the mycotoxin patulin, which is toxic to humans, and phenolics (chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, epicatechin), which are beneficial to human health and color, were analyzed in baby foods containing fruit puree. The patulin content in 12 baby foods purchased from the market in Türkiye was below 8.45 µg/kg. Patulin found in baby foods comes from spoiled fruit. By performing this study, the quality of fruits used in baby foods was evaluated. Fruits also have chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and epicatechin phenolics. These phenolics in baby foods were 9.316-598.428 µg/kg, 0.953-14.166 µg/kg, and 0.471-20.35 µg/kg, respectively. L*, a*, and b* color values of 12 baby foods were found between 12.77-23.00, 1.44-11.19, and 10.50-11.01, respectively.
In-silico investigation of alpha-bisabolol and derivatives as inhibitors of bcl-2 family proteins for targeting glioblastoma
Authors: Vural Nilüfer , Kaymak Sibel
Published: January 2025

Glioblastoma is one of the most common and destructive types of tumors, with an increasing number around the world. Alpha-bisabolol is a plant secondary metabolite with discovered anticancer activity, which can also be considered a potential treatment for glioblastoma. In silico investigations can provide adequate information for understanding the roles of alpha-bisabolol compounds in glioblastoma. For this purpose, computational drug design procedures were applied to investigate the anti-glioblastoma biotherapeutic potential of alpha-bisabolol compounds. In this study, bcl-2 family proteins' inhibitory activity of alpha-bisabolol compounds and their toxicity properties were investigated by molecular docking studies. Toxicity properties were evaluated by the prediction tools as, CarcinoPred for carcinogenicity and LAZAR for mutagenicity, pkCSM, and SwissADME for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) analysis and BOILED-Egg model, PASS prediction to analyze biological functions and druggability, DruLiTo program to compute the drug likeness property and QSAR Toolbox for QSAR modeling. The results reveal the potential of alpha-bisabolol oxide B, a plant secondary metabolite and an alpha bisabolol derivative, in glioblastoma for the inhibitory mechanisms of bcl-2 family proteins, being non-toxic and non-mutagenic.
Revealing metabolite diversity in seeds of species belonging to Orchis and Anacamptis genus
Authors: Aytar Erdi Can
Published: January 2025

This study aims to compare the chemical compositions of methanol extracts from seeds of 10 different species belonging to the Anacamptis and Orchis genera, highlighting significant differences among these species. Seeds collected from various locations in Samsun, Muğla, and İzmir during 2022 and 2023 were analyzed using GC-MS. The results revealed various secondary metabolites in seeds of both Anacamptis and Orchis species. A. palustris seeds, hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester was found at a rate of 16.21%, while methyl stearate was found at 11.14%. In contrast, O. purpurea seeds contained hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester at 34.94% and methyl stearate at 8.69%. These findings indicate significant variability in the distribution of compounds among species. The rare compound tricyclo [20.8.0.0(7,16)] triacontane, found in O. provincialis, contains tricyclic structures with a 1(22),7(16)-diepoxy group, highlighting its potential role in the chemical profile of this species. Additionally, other rare compounds like tricyclo [20.8.0.0(7,16)] triacontane in O. provincialis emphasize their potential roles in chemical profiles across different species. This study is considered a significant step towards understanding the similarities and differences in biochemical components of seeds from Anacamptis and Orchis, thereby contributing to the understanding of their roles in plant physiological adaptations and ecosystem dynamics. The findings provide valuable insights for plant conservation strategies and biological applications.
Chemical compositions of essential oils, antimicrobial effect and antioxidant activity studies of Hyoscyamus niger L. from Türkiye
Authors: İnci Şule , Yılmaz Sancar Pelin , Demirpolat Azize , Kırbağ Sevda , Civelek Şemsettin
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the essential oil components of Hyoscyamus niger L. and their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Essential oils were extracted separately from the aerial parts and seeds of the plant using the hydrodistillation method. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method, while antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity. The primary essential oil components of the aerial parts were identified as phytol (52.09%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (19.66%). Hydrodistillation of the seeds yielded 0.7% (v/w) yellow oils, comprising 41 components that accounted for 99.0% of the oil. The major components in the seed oils were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (46.36%) and hexanal (9.05%). Methanol extracts of the aerial parts demonstrated inhibitory effects on pathogenic microorganisms, with inhibition zones ranging from 13±0.46 to 32±0.11 mm. The TAS and TOS values of the methanol extracts were calculated as 3.77±0.0 mmol and 6.94±0.0 μmol, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity increased with rising extract concentrations. These findings highlight the potential antimicrobial and antioxidant applications of H. niger essential oils and methanol extracts.
Bioactivity of secondary metabolite of endophytic fungi extract isolated from root of Jambu Mawar (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston)
Authors: Aini Kurratul , Elfita Elfita , Widjajanti Hary , Setiawan Arum , Oktiansyah Rian
Published: January 2025

This research aims to isolate endophytic fungi from Syzygium jambos and identify their active compounds. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of S. jambos and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar media. Antibacterial activity using the Kirby–Bauer method was tested on four Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Molecular identification was carried out on selected isolates to determine the species of endophytic fungi and isolate their active compounds. Column chromatography was used for compound isolation. The pure compounds were then analyzed spectroscopically using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT 135, HMQC, HMBC, COSY. The results of the isolation of endophytic fungi found four isolates SJR1 – 4, which show antibacterial activity. The strongest antibacterial activity was demonstrated by isolate SJR1, so it was continued with molecular identification. Molecular identification of SJR1 indicates that it is Lasiodiplodia iranensis. The pure compound L. iranensis was isolated and found to be 3-butyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-((2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopentyl) methyl)tetrahydro-pyran-2-one, which belongs to the phenolic group and has potential as an antibacterial. This compound can be used as an alternative medicinal ingredient.
Molecular identification and phytochemical profiling of selected medicinal plants in Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
Authors: De Leon Dana Theresa , Alfonso Arwil Nathaniel , De Leon Angeles , Undan Jerwin
Published: January 2025

The study focuses on the five medicinal plants used by the local people residing in Calaanan, Bongabon Nueva Ecija Philippines. The study aimed to investigate using DNA-based identification, phytochemical screening, and antioxidant analysis of the plant’s ethanolic extract. The selected five plants were initially identified by a taxonomist and molecularly identified using the rbcL gene marker. These plants were identified as Scoparia dulcis, Vachellia fernasiana, Centella asiatica, Sapindus saponaria, and Ocimum tenuiflorum. The extracts of the plants underwent Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to determine the functional group present in each plant and further analysis led to Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to unveil the presence and absence of the plant’s secondary metabolites. The phytochemical profiles revealed the presence of essential oils, phenols, fatty acids, anthraquinones, anthrones, coumarins, flavonoids, and tannins. The results from the phytochemical analysis demonstrated the chemical diversity of the plant, prompting further investigations into its various bioactive properties. Further, the plants were subjected to 2,2'diphenyl-1-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay using a 1000ppm concentration of crude extracts, results revealed a range from 22.71% to 79.01% radical scavenging activity compared to the control which is at 83.56%. Collectively, this study reveals the accurate identity, phytochemical profile, and antioxidant activity of the medicinal plants.
An Analysis of Slang Found in X Thread By K-Popers
Authors: Aulya Rheyza , Binawan Heribertus
Published: January 2025

This research focuses on using slang words in social media X, previously known as Twitter, especially in comments by K-pop fans, known as K-popers. The method used in this research is a qualitative case study, with data collected through participatory observation and content analysis of X comments posted by Kpopers. Wit a tweet on X being the primary data source. The analysis includes identifying the types of slang used and its interpretation within the cultural background according to Allan and Burridge’s theory, as well as a conceptual framework that explains linguistics in aspects of semantics. This research is expected to provide theoretical insights into linguistic dynamics in online communities and practical benefits in understanding how cultural and social identities are constructed and maintained through language.
Peculiarities of speech perception and intelligibility of students of medical educational institutions studying in Russian
Authors: Popadyuk V. I. , Kirichenko I. M. , Gusenbekov G. G.
Published: January 2025

The speech function is a human-only feature. It provides communication and serves as the main source of new information in the social environment, both in communication and in training, regardless of gender, age groups and the level of training of medical students. When perceiving speech for students studying in a non-native language, good intelligibility is important, which ensures a correct understanding of words, and therefore the completeness of the information received. Speech audiometry in noise using polysyllabic phrases in students studying in a foreign language can reveal an insufficiently complete understanding of a foreign language, as well as diagnose latent auditory disorders that have arisen against the background of diseases of the hearing organ. In Russia, М. Boboshko et al. developed and widely uses the Russian matrix test (RuMatrix) and there are prospects for using the matrix test in speech audiometry of medical students studying in a foreign language to identify the correct perception of addressed speech. However, ideas about the theories of perception and recognition of foreign speech are changing, it is believed that episodic memory and lexical organization of the cerebral cortex are involved in the process. To understand the level of use of not only sensory but also cognitive resources, it is necessary to assess the possibility of adaptation to the speech source in a natural environment (in noise), which is possible only with speech audiometry of sensitized speech using sentences.
Chemoreactome analysis of methylethylpyridinol and possible mechanisms of ophthalmoprotection
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. , Gromov A. N.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Methylethylpyridinol (MEPD or Emoxypine) is widely used in practice to treat various eye diseases, exhibiting angioprotective, antiplatelet, antioxidant effects. The molecular mechanisms for the implementation of these and other pharmacological effects of MEPD are not entirely obvious.

Aim. To conduct a chemoreactome analysis of MEPD aimed at identifying the molecular mechanisms of the drug action. Materials and methods. The pharmacological/biological properties of MEPD were assessed using methods for chemoinformatic analysis of molecules developed in the scientific school of RAS academicians Yu.I. Zhuravlev and K.V. The analysis procedure is based on the latest machine learning technologies developed in the theory of topological and metric analysis of feature descriptions in application to chemographs.

Results and discussion. The results of chemoproteomic profiling of MEPD showed anti-inflammatory, antihypoxic, antioxidant, vasoprotective and vasorelaxant effects of the drug. By inhibiting arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase, leukotriene A4 hydrolase, leu kotriene LTB4 and prostanoid receptors, inhibiting the production of superoxide anions and leukotriene, MEPD helps to reduce local inflammation in eye tissues. Evaluations of the vasodynamic and neuroprotective effects of MEPD in vitro, obtained as a result of chemoreactome analysis, indicated neurotrophic, neuroprotective and vasodilatory effects of MEPD. The neurotrophic effect in vitro in cultured sensory neurons and neuroprotective activity, assessed by the protective effect against L-homocysteine, exceeded the activity of control molecules. The analysis demonstrated the vasodilatory activity of MEPD and the reduction of intraocular pressure in vivo.

Conclusions. Based on the results of the chemoreactome analysis, new molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory action of MEPD in eye tissues were proposed, carried out through the inhibition of certain target proteins. The antioxidant properties of MEPD can be associated with both specific interactions with proteome proteins (e.g., activation of antioxidant proteins) and with the direct action of the molecule on reactive oxygen species.
Realities and prospects of hormonal therapy for recurrent urinary tract infections in patients with genitourinary menopausal syndrome
Authors: Yarmolinskaya M. I. , Cherkashina S. A.
Published: January 2025

The problem of the growing elderly population, called the “silver tsunami”, is becoming increasingly important for modern society, including healthcare. Increasing women’s life expectancy makes it a national priority to consider improving women’s quality of life and active healthy longevity. GSM (Genitourinary Menopausal Syndrome), which is primarily a consequence of estrogen deficiency in periand postmenopausal patients and is characterized by changes in the genitourinary organs, is underdiagnosed.

The most common complaints are vaginal dryness, irritation, and dyspareunia. One of the components of GSM is urinary tract infections (UTIs), which tend to recur. Approximately 53% of women aged about 55 years report a relapse within one year. Recurrent UTIs negatively affect the quality of life of patients and are the reason for prescribing repeated courses of antibacterial therapy, which is accompanied by a change in the drug resistance of microorganisms. The pathogenesis of UTIs is associated with ascending infection by uropathogenic microorganisms, most often Escherichia coli, against the background of estrogendeficient changes in the epithelium and impaired microbiocenosis of the urogenital zone. Inadequacy of the urothelium and the lack of lactobacilli capable of direct and indirect inhibition of the growth of pathogenic microorganisms lead to colonization of the urinary tract with uropathogens and recurrence of UTIs. Consequently, the use of a vaginal combination of estriol and lactobacilli in the form of long-term intermittent maintenance treatment in order to maintain effectiveness and prevent relapses becomes pathogenetically justified. This combination contains a minimal effective dose of estriol (0.03 mg) with negligible systemic absorption and has a low level of adverse events, which ensures safety and high patient adherence to therapy. However, further clinical studies of the combination of estriol with lactobacilli in postmenopausal patients with recurrent urinary tract infections are needed to improve the efficacy of therapy.
Cardioinhibitory variant of syncope induced during a long-term passive orthostatic test
Authors: Orakova F. Kh. , Khadzugov A. B. , Tkhabisimova I. K. , Tkhabisimova М. М. , Medalieva R. Kh. , Mizova D. Z. , Azikov M. M. , Afaunova D. M. , Khanieva A. R. , Akezheva F. T. , Mollaeva A. T. , Lukozheva L. V.
Published: January 2025

In patients suffering from recurrent syncope and after excluding other possible causes, it is recommended to conduct a longterm passive orthostatic test (tilt test) to document vasovagal disorders. The cardioinhibitory variant is confirmed if fainting occurs when there is a pause on the electrocardiogram. The article contains two clinical examples of the development of syncope with prolonged orthostasis. Patients reported a history of episodes of syncopal states. A long-term passive orthostatic test is a diagnostic method that allows differential diagnosis of syncopal conditions in patients. At the stage of diagnostic examination, both patients underwent computed tomography of the head, echocardiography, daily monitoring of ECG and blood pressure, electroencephalography. All indicators of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods in patients were within the normal range. In order to further verify the diagnosis, a long-term passive orthostatic test (tilt test) was prescribed in the department of functional diagnostics of the medical diagnostic center. In both cases, the samples were conducted according to the Westminster Protocol. As a result, syncopal conditions were induced with the development of neuroreflective syncope of the cardioinhibitory type with asystole (1 clinical case) and the development of a cardioinhibitory variant of syncope without asystole (2 clinical case), which were accompanied by convulsive syndrome. Thus, tilt test is used to create prolonged passive stress, which allows to identify the presence of autonomous factors that cause neuroreflective fainting in patients. The demonstrated clinical examples show variants of the development of a cardioinhibitory type of syncope during a tilt test. A positive result is determined by the appearance of clinical signs of presyncope or the development of syncope caused by a decrease in blood pressure and / or heart rate. This technique is indicated in patients with a high probability of a positive tilt test result.
3D bioprinting of hybrid cultured meat from rabbit cells and sunflower protein
Authors: Golovin Sergey , Kirichenko Evgeniya , Khanukaev Maxim , Logvinov Alexander
Published: January 2025

A quarter of the world’s population has no access to safe foods of high quality due to the inability of traditional agriculture to meet the growing needs. Therefore, cultivated meat produced from a large mass of animal cells in a laboratory is becoming a promising alternative to animal products. In this study, we aimed to develop a technology for obtaining a hybrid cultured meat product from rabbit cells, sodium alginate, and sunflower protein, as well as to analyze its morphological and functional characteristics.
We used rabbit stem cells isolated from the greater omentum and exposed to lipogenic and myogenic differentiation, as well as rabbit skin fibroblasts. The cells were placed in a hydrogel of sodium alginate and sunflower protein and cultured for 72 h to biofabricate tissue constructs by using 3D bioprinting. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy was applied to analyze the morphological and functional characteristics of the cells in the constructs.
Using 3D bioprinting, we obtained tissue constructs of 30×40×3 mm from rabbit cells, sodium alginate, and sunflower protein. According to confocal microscopy, the cells in the tissue constructs remained viable for at least 72 h. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the cells formed tight junctions and were metabolically active for at least 72 h, with fibroblasts secreting procollagen and lipoblasts secreting lipid droplets.
The resulting cellular meat was obtained from a combination of fibroblasts, lipocytes, and myogenic cells, as well as two ink components. The cellular meat product was safe and ready for consumption.
The Demise of Modernist Buildings in Khor Dubai: A Case Study on the FNCB Building
Authors: Saffarini Rasha
Published: January 2025

Khor Dubai, or Dubai Creek, is the historic district that went through the first layer of development before the urban expansion to the desert. It witnessed profound architectural transformations in three economic phases:  the pearl trade, oil discovery, and real estate. Today, early modernist buildings have been replaced with high-rise buildings to meet the financial demands of real estate. This replacement has been a rapid process, making it difficult for the Modern Heritage Initiative of Dubai (MHID) to cease it. In the creek, the First National City Bank building (FNCB) is one of the buildings that marked modernity yet failed the test of time. This study aims to illustrate the economy’s impact on Dubai’s modern heritage, focusing on the FNCB. It also identifies the issues that hinder preserving the architectural heritage of smaller buildings. A descriptive research methodology is employed for this study using visual analysis, site visits, and conversations to illustrate the rise and fall of modernist structures. The findings establish that due to Dubai’s fast-paced growth, replacing heritage is more profitable to sustain the ever-growing demands of Dubai as a real estate hub. It also discusses the importance of immaterial and material values historic buildings hold despite how insignificant they seem now.
Historic Preservation, Complexity, and the Shadow of Monumentality: The Case of Lutyens’ Delhi
Authors: Kayatekin Cem
Published: January 2025

Over the years, the central administrative district of New Delhi, known colloquially as Lutyens’ Delhi, dominantly shaped under the authorship of Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker, has been repeatedly called upon to support a wider range of uses and a higher range of densities than it currently houses. In reaction to such calls, arguments of historic preservation and conservation have been recycled in defense of the built environmental status quo within the area. One of the more layered arguments given for such a manner of preservation is that presented by Buch (2003) which pulls from a wide breadth of perspectives, ranging from basic arguments of architectural legacy to those which extrapolate connections between the Vastu Purusha and the masterplan inherent to Lutyens’ Delhi. This paper is framed as an intrinsic case study into the argument of Buch (2003), offering a detailed cross-examination, and by extension refutation, of the various historical and ideological assertions found therein.
Risk assessment of urban water network triggered by social behavior due to rising water demand within households
Authors: Sadeghfam Sina , Amjadi Shahin , Abadi Bijan , Moazamnia Marjan
Published: January 2025

This study assesses the risk of the urban water network (UWN) using social and spatially driven GIS datasets to provide proof for the areas of the UWN that receive the greatest impacts from the residents' behavioral patterns. Little is known about how urban residents’ cognitive systems trigger the risk of not meeting demand (NMD). The study formulates the risk of NMD as the product of hazard and vulnerability using the fuzzy catastrophe scheme. As a triggering event, the hazard refers to the residents' behavioral patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic, and vulnerability points to the technical characteristics of UWN. For visualizing the hazard for NMD within the household-UWN complex, the study benefited from a cross-sectional survey of 356 citizens in the Maragheh township. The low-to-high risk indices were classified into Bands 1–5, respectively. The central part and some parts in the southwest and southeast are located in Band 5, overlapping traditional parts of the city. The path analysis, utilizing socially based and spatially driven GIS datasets within the household-UWN complex, identifies a significant impact of attitude toward COVID-19 and risk. Generally, parts of UWN with the highest risk are located where citizens have the least average attitude toward water-saving behavior.
Synthesis and evaluation of chitosan/essential oil nanoemulsion beads for water treatment
Authors: Ghafri Mallak S. AL , Shuaili Marwa A. AL , Ghafri Jumana M. AL , Alkhatib Mayson H. , AL-yahyai Hanan S. , Al-Broumi Mohammed A. , Azri Mohammed AL , Alyaqoobi Sausan S. , AlSaidi Wafa S.
Published: January 2025

Water treatment receives wide attention due to its close relationship with the environment and its protection from pollutants. This study investigates the effectiveness of applying chitosan/essential oil/nanoemulsion (NE) hydrogel beads in water treatment, which were produced by combining chitosan and various NEs containing different fractions of mixed surfactants of tween 80 and span 20, oils of either clove or peppermint, and distilled water. The physicochemical properties were determined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). SEM images exhibited that the clove beads presented sharp edges with parallel lines of networks and uniform pores (6.947 ± 1.45 μm, coefficient of variation (CV) = 20%), whereas peppermint beads displayed a spongy surface with spherical pores (11.203 ± 3.34 μm, CV = 29%). DSC analysis revealed that both clove and peppermint beads were thermally stable until 100 °C. The FTIR curve of the beads displayed new peaks confirming chemical interactions between the chitosan and the constituents of the NE. The adsorption capacity of the beads for the copper sulfate and bromophenol blue was more than 50% achieved within 1 h at 25 °C. In conclusion, chitosan–NE hydrogel beads have promising potential for use in water treatment.
Obraz Czeczena jako wroga w rosyjskiej narracji medialnej podczas II wojny czeczeńskiej i jego wpływ na rosyjskie społeczeństwo
Authors: Wojewska Monika
Published: January 2025

Propaganda była zawsze obecna w wojnach, począwszy od starożytności aż po współczesność. Jednak w obecnych wojnach, z powodu mediatyzacji i cyfryzacji współczesnej kultury, jest ona ich nieodzownym elementem, współdecydującym o wyniku. Pierwsza wojna czeczeńska, którą podjęli Rosjanie bez większego przygotowania dezinformacyjnego i propagandowego, ukazała społeczeństwu rosyjskiemu — dzięki interwencji niezależnych dziennikarzy — prawdziwy obraz okrucieństwa na Kaukazie. Natomiast w czasie II wojny czeczeńskiej, po przejęciu władzy przez Władimira Putina, władzom Rosji udało się odciąć swoich obywateli (oraz zagranicznych obserwatorów) od rzetelnych informacji. Wystraszeni powtarzającymi się zamachami bombowymi (zainicjowanymi przez Putina, ale opisywanymi przez kremlowskie media jako skutek działań Czeczenów) i poddani blokadzie informacyjnej obywatele Rosji dali swoim władzom społeczne przyzwolenie na krwawą pacyfikację Czeczenii. Rosnące odtąd poparcie Rosjan dla nowego prezydenta jest dowodem na to, że jego polityka medialna trafiła do społeczności rosyjskiej, która zaaprobowała przedstawiony przez władze wizerunek wroga — czeczeńskiego terrorysty. Celem tego artykułu jest opisanie tego negatywnego obrazu Czeczenów w prokremlowskich mediach oraz ukazanie jego wpływu na społeczeństwo rosyjskie.
Dialog kulturowy czy promowanie idei? - sytuacja chrześcijaństwa w Republice Chińskiej w świetle wybranym międzywojennym czasopiśmiennictwie w latach 1931-1939
Authors: Michalewicz Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

Polscy międzywojenni dziennikarze wiele miejsca poświęcali w swoich tekstach zagadnieniu rozwoju chrześcijaństwa w jego różnych odłamach (katolickim, protestanckim i prawosławnym). Zazwyczaj skupiali się przy tym na przedstawianiu działalności  organizacji chrześcijańskich, ukazywali wpływ elit na szerzenie się religii chrześcijańskich, a także opisywali działalność misyjną Kościołów. W niniejszym artykule przeanalizowano wybrane artykuły z polskiego międzywojennego czasopiśmiennictwie (lata 1931-1939) jako przykład medialnie zapośredniczonej komunikacji międzykulturowej. Przedmiotem badań w szczególności stała się tematyka artykułów dotyczących działalności misjonarzy w Chinach, jak też sposób, w jaki dziennikarze opisywali owe misje. Dziennikarze bardziej podkreślali w swoich relacjach dobroczynną działalność misji, niż działania mające na celu szerzenie chrześcijańskiej moralności i zachodnich wzorców kulturowych (odmiennych od tych reprezentowanych przez tradycyjne wierzenia chińskie, jak buddyzm, taoizm i konfucjanizm). W szczególności zbadano wydźwięk prasowych wypowiedzi oraz zgodność relacji medialnych z faktami historycznymi. W artykule dowiedziono przykładowo, że dziennikarze słusznie podkreślali duchową, społeczną (w tym szczególnie oświatową i medyczną) rolę misjonarzy i innych duchownych, ale (mimo tego, zazwyczaj dobrze orientowali się w tej tematyce) czasami zdarzało im się popełniać błędy faktograficzne, czy upowszechniać uproszczone wizje rzeczywistości, niepoparte wiedzą naukową. Mowa tu w szczególności o operowaniu sloganami, a także o szerzeniu stereotypów (na przykład nieuargumentowanych sądów o wyższym poziomie chińskiej moralności względem moralności Zachodu). Badanie pokazało, że wydźwięk artykułów na temat roli misji w rozwoju chrześcijaństwa w Chinach miał przede wszystkim charakter propagandowy. Przeanalizowane narracje prasowe z tego okresu nie tylko dostarczają wiedzy  z zakresu medioznawstwa, ale również ukazują kulturowe uwikłania komunikacji medialnej i problemy, jakie się z tym wiążą.
Rozplątać zaplątane. Co zawiodło w artykule „Więzi” z 27 lutego 2023 roku oraz w projekcie Teologii Politycznej poddanym krytyce w tym artykule?
Authors: Treppa Zbigniew
Published: January 2025

Realizacja projektu Teologii Politycznej, który miał na celu stworzenie nowych wersji obrazu Miłosierdzia Bożego wykonanego podczas objawień św. Faustyny w latach 30. XX w., została poddana druzgocącej krytyce w artykule „Więzi”. Zagadnienia poruszane przez autorkę artykułu, która jest lingwistką, dotyczą złożonej problematyki z zakresu teologii wizualności. Zawarte w nim tezy rozmijają się jednak z wiedzą z tego zakresu. W niniejszym artykule podjęta została próba korekty błędów zawartych w artykule „Więzi”. Z analiz wynika, że nie tylko krytyka projektu, lecz również sam projekt wraz z jego realizacją zawierają szereg rażących wad i nieprawidłowości. Jednym z wniosków jest to, że niewystarczające baza badawcza i brak kompetencji w dziedzinach, które w nieuprawniony sposób próbuje się reprezentować, zamiast rozwiązywać skomplikowane problemy, czynią je jeszcze bardziej zawiłymi.
A tecnologia do ozônio associada à embalagem em atmosfera modificada como alternativa ao uso do cloro no aumento da vida de prateleira do camarão branco (litopenaeus vannamei) inteiro resfriado
Authors:   , Santos Tanyla Cybelly Lira
Published: January 2025

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o uso combinado da tecnologia de ozônio com a embalagem em atmosfera modificada, como uma alternativa para garantir a segurança microbiológica, a qualidade e o aumento da vida de prateleira do camarão branco do Pacífico (Litopenaeus vannamei) inteiro resfriado. Amostras de camarões foram imersas em água ozonizada (1ppm, 10 min.), em água hiperclorada (5ppm, 10 min.), e como controle utilizou-se camarão sem nenhum tratamento. Após imersão, as amostras foram drenadas, e embaladas em ar atmosférico (Controle) e em atmosfera modificada (100% CO2). Todas as amostras foram armazenadas sobre refrigeração (4±1°C) durante 12 dias. A cada três dias as amostras de camarão foram retiradas para análises microbiológica (Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, contagem total de mesófilos e psicrotróficos), sensorial (Método do Índice de Qualidade - MIQ) e físico-química (pH, nitrogênio das bases voláteis totais (N-BVT), nitrogênio de trimetilamina (N-TMA) e o teste das substâncias reativas ao ácido 2-tiobarbitúrico (TBARS)). Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente através de Análise de Variância Univariada (ANOVA). O teste Tukey foi utilizado para examinar as diferenças estatísticas individuais entre tratamentos, ao nível de significância de 0,05. Regressões lineares foram feitas para predizer a vida de prateleira. O pré-tratamento das amostras de camarão com água ozonizada, seguido da embalagem em atmosfera modificada (100% CO2) e armazenamento na temperatura de refrigeração (4ºC), demonstrou eficácia no aumento da vida de prateleira (24 dias), quando comparado com o controle (9 dias) e pré-tratamento com água clorada (11 dias). Durante esse período, as características sensoriais do grupo pré-tratado com ozônio mantiveram aceitáveis, o índice de melanose manteve-se baixo, a contagem total de bactérias mesófilas e psicrotróficas mantiveram-se baixas, o pH, N-BVT, N-TMA e TBARS mantiveram-se baixos e constantes, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos. Assim, pode-se concluir baseado nesses resultados, que o efeito combinado do ozônio e atmosfera modificada garantiu a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica e estendeu a vida de prateleira do camarão branco (L. vannamei) armazenado na temperatura de 4ºC.
Clinicopathological and in Silico Insights into Male Infertility: Agerelated Trends and Anti-sperm Antibodies Post COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Alkireidmi Mohammed Ahmed , Mehanna Mohamed Gamil , Baig Mirza Rafi , Alabbasi Fahad A. , Almalki Naif Abdullah R. , Asar Turky Omar , Firoz Ahmad , Kumar Vikas , Anwar Firoz
Published: January 2025

Background:

Infertility was often considered a female issue, but male infertility
emerged significantly after the Covid-19 pandemic. Hence, assessments are crucial
for planning policies on health care and family planning and reasons thereof post vaccinations.

Material and Methods:

The present study was a case-control, dual-centers, prospective
study with normal sperm parameters. Semen samples collected by masturbation for
idiopathic reasons were conducted at King Abdulaziz University with 133 samples, followed
by molecular modeling via interaction between IZUMO1, Alpha2A adrenergic receptor,
and Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 protein with IgA antibody produced post
vaccination/infection.

Results & Discussion:

The infertile males under 30 (21%), 31-40 (50%), 41-50 (24%)
and over 50 (5%), with altered sperm motility grades are A (8.45%), B (11.1%), C
(15.8%), and D (59.8%) were reported. Liquefaction times range from 36 to 30 minutes
by age, with abnormal sperm percentages between 43.85% and 46.33%. Protein molecular
interaction between IZUMO1, Alpha2A adrenergic receptor, and Fibroblast growth
factor receptor 2 protein with IgA antibody shows cumulative length of 25.354 Å,
39.049 Å, and 41.999 Å, respectively, with significant interaction between atoms chain,
amino acid, marked variation in bond length.

Conclusion:

Male infertility peaks at 31-40 years, with lowering in men aged 41-50
years, IgA antibody reduced sperm motility, causing immunogenic infertility exacerbated
post-Covid-19 vaccination or infection. Interaction of IgA and various receptors produced
stable interactive molecules of IgA and proteins on sperm, affecting motility, aliquefication,
and abnormal sperm percentage disturbing the normal dynamics of sperm
cells opening a new dimension of infertility among males.
Fe3O4@TiO2 Magnetic Nanocomposite Catalyzed Sustainable Synthesis of Dihydro[1]benzopyrano[h][1]benzopyrans and Antimicrobial Activity
Evaluation
Authors: Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Janitabar Darzi Simin
Published: January 2025

The present study's exploration of innovative techniques for the production of heterocyclic
scaffolds was prompted by the significance of [1]benzopyran motifs in bioactive chemicals. Given
the appealing aspects of creating innovative methodological techniques while working with heterogeneous
nanocatalysts, we desired to use this method to synthesize a number of dihydro[
1]benzopyrano[h][1]benzopyrans. This work set out to demonstrate the prepared Fe3O4@TiO2
nanocomposite's catalytic efficacy as a magnetically separable catalyst in the production of dihydro[
1]benzopyrano[h][1]benzopyrans. 3,9-diamino-1,7-diaryl-1,7-dihydro[1]benzopyrano[8,7-
h][1]benzopyran-2,8-dicarbonitriles were obtained in an easy-to-manage manner by utilizing a
Fe3O4@TiO2 nanocomposite as an effective catalyst in an aqueous medium at 70°C. The in vitro
antimicrobial activities of some synthesized compounds were tested by the disk diffusion method. A
number of target molecules, dihydro[1]benzopyrano[h][1]benzopyrans, were successfully synthesized
in high yields. The results of the antimicrobial experiment showed encouraging antibacterial
effects. This study offered significant advantages of high yield and practical methodology for the
synthesis of dihydro[1]benzopyrano[h][1]benzopyrans. The utilization of aqueous ethanol as an environmentally
friendly medium and the Fe3O4@TiO2 nanocomposite as a magnetically separable catalyst
are examples of how this work adhered to the principles of green chemistry. The biological effectiveness
of some of the produced compounds was tested against both Gram-negative and Grampositive
bacteria.
Antibodies against Alzheimer's: Pioneering a New Era in Treatment Strategies
Authors: Verma Mansi , Singh Niraj Kumar , MS Mohd Usman
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease, characterized by cognitive decline, memory impairment, and the
presence of abnormal proteins or aberrant proteins like tau tangles and beta-amyloid plaques in
the brain, despite intensive scientific efforts, has no known treatment, posing a significant global
healthcare challenge. Antibody-based therapies have received more attention recently as possible
Alzheimer's disease treatments. An extensive review of the state of research on antibody-based
compounds as potential Alzheimer's disease treatments is given in this study. In addition to examining
the difficulties and constraints encountered during development, it briefly overviews their
mechanisms of action, therapeutic efficacy, and safety profiles. The study also emphasizes important
factors to consider when developing antibody-based treatments, including safety concerns,
dosage schedules, and patient selection standards. To sum up, antibody-based treatments
have a bright future for treating Alzheimer's. Despite current obstacles, mounting data indicates
that these treatments have a great deal of promise to either slow or stop the progression of this
debilitating condition, which could improve the quality of life for the millions of people and families
who suffer from Alzheimer's disease globally.
Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Repeated Mesenchymal Stem Cell
Transplantation in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) by
Investigating Patient’s Specific microRNAs as Novel Biomarkers: A Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Alkhazaali-Ali Zahraa , Sahab-Negah Sajad , Boroumand Amir Reza , Farkhad Najmeh Kaffash , Khodadoust Mohammad Ali , Ganjali Rashin , Tavakol-Afshari Jalil
Published: January 2025

Background:

Since there is currently no cure for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),
it is essential to search for diagnostic biomarkers and novel treatments to reduce the severity of
this disease. One of these treatment approaches is stem cell transplantation

Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeated transplantation of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in patients with ALS by analyzing clinical and molecular data.

Methods:

This one-arm, single-center, open-label without a control group, prospective clinical
trial, twenty-one confirmed ALS patients entered the study based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent repeated stem cell transplantation (3 times BM-MSCs transplantation
(1×10^6, MSC/Kg BW per injection) concurrently intrathecally (IT) and intravenously (IV), with
one-month interval). Clinical assessment using ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS)
and forced vital capacity (FVC) values and also molecular investigation by evaluating specific microRNAs expression (mir206, 133a-3p, 338-3p) in patient's serum and Cerebra spinal fluid (CSF)
samples were done three times during the 3-month follow-up period.

Result:

No serious adverse effects were reported during the study. Besides, significant improvement in FVC when compared the baseline with the end of the research and the p-value was
(0.036), and stability in ALSFRS was observed, and the p-value was (p=0.16) following stem cell
transplantation in patients; also, the mentioned microRNA expression was non-significant (p >
0.05) as reported as well.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrated that repeated transplantation of BM-MSCs was a safe procedure in ALS patients, leading to delay in disease progression and improvement in clinical symptoms. Future studies are needed to confirm these results.
A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Biofunctionalized Nanocarriers in
Transporting Curcumin through the Blood-brain Barrier
Authors: Sahu Girish , satpathy Shreeya , vyas Kalash , radki Aditya , dewangan Mukund , patel Vasu , Roy Ayushmaan , Ajazuddin
Published: January 2025

This review explores the growing field of neurotherapeutics, focusing on biofunctionalized nanocarriers as innovative systems to deliver therapeutic agents, such as curcumin, across the
blood-brain barrier (BBB). It highlights the limitations of conventional methods and presents
nanocarriers as promising solutions for overcoming these challenges. The methodology examines
experimental techniques used to investigate curcumin-loaded nanoparticles and their application in
treating neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s
disease. By integrating nanotechnology, pharmacology, and neuroscience, the review emphasizes the
potential of smart vehicles to enhance brain-targeted therapies and outlines a path for future research.
Future research should refine nanocarrier design for better specificity and efficiency in crossing the
BBB, enhancing brain-targeted drug delivery. Advancements in nanotechnology may enable personalized neurotherapeutics tailored to patients' genetics and disease progression. Translating these innovations to clinical use will require addressing regulatory hurdles and conducting trials. In recent
case studies, biofunctionalized exosomes and lipid-based nanocarriers efficiently transported curcumin across the blood-brain barrier, reducing inflammation in spinal cord injury models and amyloid
plaque accumulation in Alzheimer's models, highlighting curcumin's potential in treating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Multifunctional nanoparticles capable of delivering
multiple drugs or combining diagnostic and therapeutic functions could transform neurological disorder treatment. Exploring other neurotherapeutic compounds beyond curcumin and studying the
long-term safety, toxicity, and immune response of nanocarriers will be crucial for clinical succes
Revealing miRNAs' Janus-Faced Nature: Transforming Cold Tumours into Immunotherapy Hotspots and Overcoming Chemoresistance
Authors: Sen Shinjini , Nayak Ranu , Bondhopadhyay Banashree , Bose Sudeep
Published: January 2025

In cancer research, tumour complexity and treatment resistance have become more
prevalent. Especially microRNA (miRNA) modulation has recently come into light as a promising
strategy in cancer immunotherapy, particularly in converting "cold" tumours with limited
immune cell infiltration into "hot" tumours responsive to immunotherapy. Tumour microenvironments
are influenced by miRNAs, while specific miRNAs are targeted in cold tumours to
enhance the immune response, potentially improving therapeutic efficacy. A miRNA profiling
approach may enable earlier cancer detection and personalized treatments, emphasizing its importance
for oncology in the future. This review sheds light on miRNA's role in cold and hot
tumour microenvironments, that how they can modulate depending on the tumour niche. Furthermore,
therapeutic resistance might develop over time and aid to decrease the efficacy of miRNA
regulation. To address the hurdles of finding relevant miRNAs to target, researchers may use
high-throughput sequencing methods to characterise miRNA expression across tumour subtypes.
They may also use bioinformatics tools and databases to analyse massive amounts of miRNArelated
data and find prospective candidate miRNAs.