bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Proximal Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for a Class of Nonlinear Constrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Luo Ruiling , Yu Zhensheng
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a class of proximal alternating direction multiplier methods for solving nonconvex, nonsmooth optimization problems with nonlinear coupled constraints. The key feature of the proposed algorithm is that we use a linearized proximal technique to update the primary variables, followed by updating the dual variables using a discounting approach. This approach eliminates the requirement for an additional proxy function and then simplifies the optimization process. In addition, the algorithm maintains fixed parameter selection throughout the update process, removing the requirement to adjust parameters to ensure the decreasing nature of the generated sequence. Building on this framework, we establish a Lyapunov function with sufficient decrease and a lower bound, which is essential for analyzing the convergence properties of the algorithm. We rigorously prove both the subsequence convergence and the global convergence of the algorithm and ensure its robustness and effectiveness in solving complex optimization problems. Our paper provides a solid theoretical foundation for the practical application of this method in solving nonconvex optimization problems with nonlinear coupled constraints.
Dragon Intermittency at the Transition to Synchronization in Coupled Rulkov Neurons
Authors: Bashkirtseva Irina A. , Ryashko Lev B. , Pisarchik Alexander N.
Published: January 2025

We investigate the synchronization dynamics of two non-identical, mutually coupled Rulkov neurons, emphasizing the effects of coupling strength and parameter mismatch on the system’s behavior. At low coupling strengths, the system exhibits multistability, characterized by the coexistence of three distinct 3-cycles. As the coupling strength is increased, the system becomes monostable with a single 3-cycle remaining as the sole attractor. A further increase in the coupling strength leads to chaos, which we identify as arising through a novel type of intermittency. This intermittency is characterized by alternating dynamics between two low-dimensional invariant subspaces: one corresponding to synchronization and the other to asynchronous behavior. We show that the system’s phase-space trajectory spends variable durations near one subspace before being repelled into the other, revealing non-trivial statistical properties near the onset of intermittency. Specifically, we find two key power-law scalings: (i) the mean duration of the synchronization interval scales with the coupling parameter, exhibiting a critical exponent of −0.5 near the onset of intermittency, and (ii) the probability distribution of synchronization interval durations follows a power law with an exponent of −1.7 for short synchronization intervals. Intriguingly, for each fixed coupling strength and parameter mismatch, there exists a most probable super-long synchronization interval, which decreases as either parameter is increased. We term this phenomenon “dragon intermittency” due to the distinctive dragon-like shape of the probability distribution of synchronization interval durations.
Analysis of Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves for Cure Survival Data and Mismeasured Biomarkers
Authors: Chen Li-Pang
Published: January 2025

Cure models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve estimation are two important issues in survival analysis and have received attention for many years. In the development of biostatistics, these two topics have been well discussed separately. However, a rare development in the estimation of the ROC curve has been made available based on survival data with the cure fraction. On the other hand, while a large body of estimation methods have been proposed, they rely on an implicit assumption that the variables are precisely measured. In applications, measurement errors are generally ubiquitous and ignoring measurement errors can cause unexpected bias for the estimator and lead to the wrong conclusion. In this paper, we study the estimation of the ROC curve and the area under curve (AUC) when variables or biomarkers are subject to measurement error. We propose a valid procedure to handle measurement error effects and estimate the parameters in the cure model, as well as the AUC. We also make an effort to establish the theoretical properties with rigorous justification.
Inflammatory Markers as Predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Leucuța Daniel-Corneliu , Fumeaux Pauline Aurélia , Almășan Oana , Popa Ștefan Lucian , Ismaiel Abdulrahman
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and red cell distribution width (RDW) have been proposed as potential predictors of DN progression. This study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes the role of these markers in DN. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies evaluating NLR, PLR, SII, and RDW in type 2 diabetes patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria. Five databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and LILACS. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias in selected articles. Results: Out of 1556 records that were identified through searches, 40 were selected for the review. Finally, 35 were included for meta-analyses, including 13,519 patients. Higher levels of NLR, PLR, SII, and RDW were observed in macro- and microalbuminuria compared to normoalbuminuria, with significantly elevated NLR in microalbuminuria. Meta-analyses showed that NLR and RDW were significantly associated with higher odds of DN (NLR: OR 1.84, p < 0.001; RDW: OR 1.9, p = 0.023). However, PLR and SII were not significantly associated with DN. A longitudinal study confirmed SII as a significant predictor of DN progression (hazard ratio: 3.24, p = 0.023). Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of NLR and RDW as predictive markers for diabetic nephropathy.
Data and Knowledge Dual-Driven Creep Life Prediction for Austenitic Heat-Resistance Steel
Authors: Xie Xiaochang , Liu Mutong , Yang Ping , Yang Zenan , Pan Chengbo , Wang Chenchong , Wei Xiaolu
Published: January 2025

Traditional creep life prediction methods are generally difficult for researchers to fully consider the key factors affecting the creep performance, which limits their application in the research and development of new alloys. The artificial intelligence method can skip the complex mechanism and directly establish the mathematical correlation between the composition/process and the target performance. The accuracy, universality, and development efficiency of the model are better than the traditional material development strategy. In this study, we collected 216 creep data of austenitic heat-resistant steel, selected a variety of different machine learning algorithms to establish creep life prediction models, calculated and introduced a large amount of physical metallurgy knowledge highly related to creep based on Thermo-Calc, and converted the creep life into the form of the Larson–Miller parameter to optimize the data distribution, which effectively improved the prediction accuracy and interpretability of the model. In addition, the optimal model was combined with a genetic algorithm to obtain the best composition and process scheme with high-creep-performance potential, providing guidance for the design of austenitic heat-resistant steel.
A Thermodynamic and Experimental Analysis of Inclusions Modification in AH36 Liquid Steel by Calcium and Magnesium Treatment
Authors: Kang Lei , Liao Xiangwei , Zhang Peng , Kong Hui , Wu Ting
Published: January 2025

The influence of calcium and magnesium treatment under different molten steel conditions, as well as that of the alloy proportion and addition sequence of calcium and magnesium in composite treatment, on the evolution of inclusions in AH36 liquid steel was analyzed systematically based on thermodynamic calculations. The results show that the inclusions in molten steel are mainly Al2O3, which gradually transform into a liquid phase after calcium treatment with a wide range of calcium contents, indicating that calcium treatment has a significant effect on inclusion modification. Magnesium treatment mainly converts Al2O3 into MgO·Al2O3 inclusions in molten steel; however, it is not suitable to modify inclusions with magnesium treatment alone since it does not produce a significant liquid phase. The effect of calcium and magnesium composite treatment varies with the alloy content composition and the order of alloy addition. The liquid phase range of inclusions follows the order of 80%Ca + 20%Mg composite treatment > calcium treatment > 50%Ca + 50%Mg composite treatment > 20%Ca + 80%Mg composite treatment. Combining the thermodynamic and experimental analysis results, it can be concluded that the composite treatment of magnesium followed by calcium is the best. Specifically, a small amount of magnesium should be added first as the nucleating particle to promote the fine dispersion of the inclusions, thus reducing their impact on steel performance. Then, calcium should be added to modify the surface of the inclusions into a liquid phase, which can effectively reduce nozzle clogging.
A Critical Review on the Comparative Assessment of Rare-Earth and Non-Rare-Earth Alloying in Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Tariq Hafiz Muhammad Rehan , Ishtiaq Muhammad , Kang Hyun-Hak , Chaudry Umer Masood , Jun Tea-Sung
Published: January 2025

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have emerged as highly sought-after alloys in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering industries due to their low density and excellent mechanical properties. The addition of alloying elements plays a critical role in improving the performance of these Mg alloys, with rare-earth (RE) elements being especially helpful in improving mechanical properties, specifically strength and ductility. However, due to the higher cost and limited availability of RE elements, researchers are trying to explore non-rare-earth (non-RE) alternatives, such as aluminum, calcium, zinc, etc. These non-RE elements offer various advantages including cost effectiveness and enhanced manufacturability, but they may not always match the performance improvements of RE elements. This review critically examines and compares the effects of RE and non-RE alloying elements on the microstructural evolution, corrosion resistance, and strengthening implications of Mg alloys. Furthermore, it explores the recent advancements in alloy development and evaluates the trade-offs between RE and non-RE alloying elements, offering key insights into the optimal approaches for enhancing the performance of Mg alloys across various applications.
Characterization and Modelling of Microstructure Evolution and Flow Stress of Single-Phase Austenite and Ferrite Phases in Duplex Stainless Steels
Authors: Brüggemann Holger , Sasaki Shunsuke , Röder Maximilian , Katsumura Tatsuro , Bailly David
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an experimental and modeling study to investigate and predict the microstructure evolution for single-phase austenite and ferrite steels with the chemistry of the corresponding phases in a duplex stainless steel SUS329J4L under hot forming conditions. For steels with the compositions corresponding to both austenite and ferrite phases, single-pass hot uniaxial compression tests, stress relaxation tests, and heat treatment tests have been conducted for a temperature range of 1000–1250 °C and strain rates ranging from 0.3 to 30 s−1. The dynamic and static recrystallization mechanisms, as well as the grain growth behavior, were studied, and the material parameters of each mechanism were identified for a semi-empirical microstructure model called StrucSim. Double-compression tests in the same temperature and strain rate range were performed to validate the model, and a good correlation of the flow stress between the experiment and simulation was observed.
A New Means to Generate Liposomes by Rehydrating Engineered Lipid Nanoconstructs
Authors: Huang Yuqi , Xu Ziqian , Celik Umit , Carnahan Christopher F. , Faller Roland , Parikh Atul N. , Liu Gang-yu
Published: January 2025

The concept and feasibility of producing liposomes by rehydrating engineered lipid nanoconstructs are demonstrated in this study. Nanoconstructs of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) were produced using a microfluidic delivery probe integrated with an atomic force microscope. The subsequent rehydration of these POPC constructs led to the formation of liposomes, most of which remained adhered to the surface. The size (e.g., diameter) of the liposomes could be tuned by varying the lateral dimension of the lipid constructs. Hierarchical liposomal structures, such as pentagons containing five liposomes at the corners, could also be designed and produced by depositing lipid constructs to designated locations on the surfaces, followed by rehydration. This new means allows for regulating liposomal sizes, distributions, and compositions. The outcomes benefit applications of liposomes as delivery vehicles, sensors, and building blocks in biomaterials design. The ability to produce hierarchical liposomal structures benefits numerous applications such as proto-cell development, multiplexed bio-composite materials, and the engineering of local bio-environments.
Driving Rotational Circulation in a Microfluidic Chamber Using Dual Focused Surface-Acoustic-Wave Beams
Authors: Hsu Jin-Chen , Liao Kai-Li
Published: January 2025

In this paper, enhanced rotational circulation in a circular microfluidic chamber driven by dual focused surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) beams is presented. To characterize the resonant frequency and focusing effect, we simulate the focused SAW field excited by an arc-shaped interdigital transducer patterned on a 128°Y-cut lithium-niobate (LiNbO3) substrate using a finite element method. A full three-dimensional perturbation model of the combined system of the microfluidic chamber and the SAW device is conducted to obtain the acoustic pressure and acoustic streaming fields, which show rotational acoustic pressure and encircling streaming resulted in the chamber. Accordingly, the SAW acoustofluidic system is realized using microfabrication techniques and applied to perform acoustophoresis experiments on submicron particles suspending in the microfluidic chamber. The result verifies the rotational circulation motion of the streaming flow, which is attributed to enhanced angular momentum flux injection and Eckart streaming effect through the dual focused SAW beams. Our results should be of importance in driving particle circulation and enhancing mass transfer in chamber embedded microfluidic channels, which may have promising applications in accelerating bioparticle or cell reactions and fusion, enhancing biochemical and electrochemical sensing, and efficient microfluidic mixing.
Microneedles as Modern Carriers of Plant Extracts
Authors: Chudzińska-Skorupinska Jagoda , Wawrzyńczak Agata , Feliczak-Guzik Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Recently, intensive research has been conducted on effective and simple systems for delivering active substances deep into the epidermis, e.g., for the treatment of skin inflammation. One possibility can be the use of soluble microneedles in which active compounds are encapsulated. This article describes the preparation of modern carriers, namely microneedles with encapsulated extracts of red beet or parsley leaves, that are rich in active substances with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, specifically betanin and apigenin. The concentration of hyaluronic acid sodium salt, the method of preparing the solution, and the technique of the complete filling of molds were optimized. Plant extracts were obtained with sonication or maceration. In order to characterize the extracts obtained, several techniques were employed, such as UV–Vis, LC–MS, GC–MS, and FTIR-ATR. The analyses performed allowed for confirmation of the presence of selected active substances in the extracts. The most optimal solution of the microneedles’ precursor turned out to be the one with a concentration of 10 wt.% of sodium hyaluronate, prepared by stirring and sonication. The most efficient extraction method for each plant was chosen, and the extracts were introduced into a solution of hyaluronic acid sodium salt. The resulting soluble microneedle patches can be used as an alternative to the traditional methods of delivering anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances of plant origin.
Reversibly Alterable Hot-Electron Photodetection Without Altering Working Wavelengths Through Phase-Change Material Sb2S3
Authors: Li Yaoyao , Yang Xiaoyan , Hao Jia , Hu Junhui , Zhou Qingjia , Shao Weijia
Published: January 2025

Generally, the responsivities of hot-electron photodetectors (HE PDs) are mainly dependent on the device working wavelengths. Therefore, a common approach to altering device responsivities is to change the working wavelengths. Another strategy for manipulating electrical performances of HE PDs is to harness electric bias that can be used to regulate hot-electron harvesting at specified working wavelengths. However, the reliance on bias hampers the flexibility in device operations. In this study, we propose a purely planar design of HE PDs that contains the phase-change material Sb2S3, realizing reversibly alterable hot-electron photodetection without altering the working wavelengths. Optical simulations show that the designed device exhibits strong absorptance (>0.95) at the identical resonance wavelengths due to the excitations of Tamm plasmons (TPs), regardless of Sb2S3 phases. Detailed electrical calculations demonstrate that, by inducing Sb2S3 transitions between crystalline and amorphous phases back and forth, the device responsivities at TP wavelengths can be reversibly altered between 59.9 nA/mW to 128.7 nA/mW. Moreover, when device structural parameters are variable and biases are involved, the reversibly alterable hot-electron photodetection at specified TP wavelengths is maintained.
Effect of Oregano Essential Oil on Growth and Composition of Gut Prokaryote Microbiota on Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis)
Authors: Trejo-Ramos Dora Alejandra , Rodríguez-Arana César Omar , Cruz-Flores Roberto , Hernández-Rodríguez Mónica
Published: January 2025

Sustainable strategies, such as oregano essential oil (OEO), are being assessed to improve farmed fish’s health and performance. Several studies in freshwater species describe the beneficial effects of OEO as a dietary supplement. Nonetheless, information about its use in marine fish is scarce. Hereby, this study consisted of four experimental groups: a control and three levels of OEO dietary inclusion (OEO75 (0.75 mL/kg), OEO100 (1.0 mL/kg), and OEO125 (1.25 mL/kg)) with 23 fish of 110 ± 1.2 g per tank (n = 276) in a seawater flow-through system. After 70 days, data for growth parameters and samples for gut microbiota were taken. The final weight of OEO75 was higher (242.3 ± 24.2 g), and its feed conversion rate (0.91 ± 0.0) was reduced. However, these differences could be related to the sampling interval between the groups. Bioinformatic analysis of OEO groups revealed a reduction in Proteobacteria (Vibrio, Flavobacteria, and Vibrionales order) abundance and an increase in Euryarchaeota phyla in a dose-dependent manner. The predicted functions shifted from nutritional (OEO75) to replication, proliferation, and bacterial defense mechanisms (OEO100 and OEO125). These results show that adding OEO did not improve growth performance, but it reshaped the gut microbiota by reducing the abundance of dominant bacteria and modifying their metabolic pathways.
The Rise of Syphilis Infections and Reinfections over a Decade (2009–2019) in the Bolognese Area: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Gaspari Valeria , Filippini Andrea , Orioni Gionathan , Mussi Martina , Carpanese Miriam Anna , La Placa Michelangelo , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Zengarini Corrado
Published: January 2025

Syphilis has resurged globally, especially in urban areas of developed countries. This study analyses syphilis cases over a decade at an STD centre in Bologna, Italy, examining new diagnoses, reinfections, and impacts on high-risk subgroups, compared with national and European data. Data from 2009–2019 were retrospectively reviewed, including primary, secondary, early latent, late latent, and indeterminate syphilis cases, as per WHO guidelines. Cases of tertiary syphilis and serological-only diagnoses were excluded. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 with logistic regression and chi-square tests. A total of 1086 syphilis cases were identified, rising from 43 cases in 2009 to 157 in 2019—a 265% increase over the decade. In 2019, reinfections accounted for 23.7% of cases, primarily among men who have sex with men (MSM, 82.1%), with an HIV co-infection rate of 37.6%. The most affected age group was over 45 years. Bologna’s syphilis rates consistently exceeded European averages, with a higher median age, indicating unique transmission patterns and public health challenges. The high reinfection rate among MSM and older individuals emphasises the need for targeted public health initiatives. The sharp rise in cases highlights potential influences such as Bologna’s population dynamics and the increased use of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP). Focused public health efforts, particularly on high-risk groups, are critical to address this challenge effectively.
Trichosporon asahii: A Potential Growth Promoter for C. gallinacea? Implications for Chlamydial Infections and Cell Culture
Authors: Ornelas-Eusebio Erika , Vorimore Fabien , Aaziz Rachid , Mandola Maria-Lucia , Rizzo Francesca , Marchino Monica , Nogarol Chiara , Risco-Castillo Veronica , Zanella Gina , Schnee Christiane , Sachse Konrad , Laroucau Karine
Published: January 2025

The cultivation of Chlamydia gallinacea, a recently identified species, is challenging due to the lack of an optimized protocol. In this study, several infection protocols were tested, including different cell lines, incubation temperatures, centrifugation methods and culture media. However, none were successful in field samples. The only exception was a chance co-culture with Trichosporon asahii, a microorganism commonly found in the chicken gut. This suggests that current in vitro methods may not be optimized for this species and that host-associated microorganisms may influence the in vivo growth of C. gallinacea, which is typically found in the chicken gut. These findings raise new questions and highlight the need for further investigation of microbial interactions within the host, particularly to understand their role in the proliferation of chlamydial species.
Ex Vivo Biosafety and Efficacy Assessment of Advanced Chlorin e6 Nanoemulsions as a Drug Delivery System for Photodynamic Antitumoral Application
Authors: do Amaral Stéphanie Rochetti , Aires-Fernandes Mariza , Haddad Felipe Falcão , Gini Ana Luísa Rodriguez , Scarim Cauê Benito , Primo Fernando Lucas
Published: January 2025

The photosensitizer (PS) in the Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) field represents a key factor, being directly connected to the therapeutic efficacy of the process. Chlorin e6 is a second-generation photosensitizer, approved by the FDA with the most desired clinical properties for PDT applications, presenting high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and proven anticancer properties. However, hydrophobicity is a major limitation, leading to poor biodistribution. To overcome this condition, the present work developed an up-to-date nanoemulsion incorporating Ce6 in a new nanosystem (Ce6/NE). A comprehensive study of physicochemical properties, stability, fluorescence characteristics, the in vitro release profile, in vivo and ex vivo biocompatibility, and ex vivo efficacy was established. The nanoemulsions showed the desired particle size and stability over six months, with no spectroscopic or photophysical alterations. Uptake studies demonstrated the internalization of the Ce6/NE in monolayers, with biocompatibility at the lowest concentrations. The HET-CAM assay, however, revealed a higher biocompatibility range, also indicating Ce6/NE’s potential for cancer treatment through antiangiogenic studies. These findings highlight the use of a new promising photosensitizer for PDT modulated with nanotechnology that promotes low toxicity, higher bioavailability, and site-specific delivery.
Chemical Biology Meets Metabolomics: The Response of Barley Seedlings to 3,5-Dichloroanthranilic Acid, a Resistance Inducer
Authors: Hamany Djande Claude Y. , Steenkamp Paul A. , Dubery Ian A.
Published: January 2025

Advances in combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput screening methods have led to renewed interest in synthetic plant immunity activators as well as priming agents. 3,5-Dichloroanthranilic acid (3,5-DCAA) is a derivative of anthranilic acid that has shown potency in activating defence mechanisms in Arabidopsis and barley. Chemical biology, which is the interface of chemistry and biology, can make use of metabolomic approaches and tools to better understand molecular mechanisms operating in complex biological systems. Here we report on the untargeted metabolomic profiling of barley seedlings treated with 3,5-DCAA to gain deeper insights into the mechanism of action of this resistance inducer. Histochemical analysis revealed the production of reactive oxygen species in the leaves upon 3,5-DCAA infiltration. Subsequently, methanolic extracts from different time periods (12, 24, and 36 h post-treatment) were analysed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Both unsupervised and supervised chemometric methods were used to reveal hidden patterns and highlight metabolite variables associated with the treatment. Based on the metabolites identified, both the phenylpropanoid and octadecanoid pathways appear to be main routes activated by 3,5-DCAA. Different classes of responsive metabolites were annotated with flavonoids, more specifically flavones, which were the most dominant. Given the limited understanding of this inducer, this study offers a metabolomic analysis of the response triggered by its foliar application in barley. This additional insight could help make informed decisions for the development of more effective strategies for crop protection and improvement, ultimately contributing to crop resilience and agricultural sustainability.
The Study of the Protection Mechanism of Calycosin-7-O-β-d-Glucoside Against Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion in HT22 Cells Based on Non-Targeted Metabolomics and Network Analysis
Authors: Pei Die , Huang Jieyi , Chen Shanru , Deng Qihui , Nie Cong , Zhu Lixia , Zhang Yingfeng
Published: January 2025

The cell non-targeted metabolomics technique was used to investigate the potential mechanism of Caly-cosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (CAG) against cell oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). The OGD/R-injured HT22 cell model was constructed. The cells were divided into control, OGD/R, Edaravone (EDA), CAG-L, CAG-M, and CAG-H groups. The protective effect of CAG on OGD/R-injured nerve cells and its potential mechanism was investigated by detecting ROS levels, apoptosis rate, glutamic acid (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), nitric oxide (NO), and combining with cell non-targeted metabolomics. The results showed that after OGD/R, ROS levels, apoptosis rate, Glu and NO concentrations were significantly increased, while the concentrations of GABA were decreased considerably, which improved in a dose-dependent manner after CAG intervention. Cell non-targeted metabolomics results showed that CAG can dramatically improve the metabolomic characteristics of OGD/R-injured HT22 cells. Through bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking, it was found that purine metabolism may be an important pathway for CAG to treat OGD/R injury, and key proteins screened may be important targets for improving OGD/R injury. Therefore, CAG may protect OGD/R-injured HT22 cells by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress, improving energy supply and the metabolomic characteristics of OGD/R-injured HT22 cells by regulating purine metabolism.
Synthesis and Application of LTA Zeolite for the Removal of Inorganic and Organic Hazardous Substances from Water: A Review
Authors: Pan Junyao , Wang Binyu , Liu Simiao , Liu Shanshan , Yan Wenfu
Published: January 2025

Industrialization and human activities have caused significant environmental challenges, with water pollution posing severe risks to human health. This underscores the urgent need for effective water treatment solutions. Zeolites, known for their high specific surface area and stability, have gained increasing attention as adsorbents for water treatment. Among zeolites, LTA varieties stand out due to their low Si/Al ratio, which enhances ion-exchange capacity, and their cost-effectiveness. This review focuses on the synthesis of low-silica LTA zeolites, particularly zeolite A, using natural materials and solid wastes without relying on organic-structure-directing agents (OSDAs). Common pretreatment processes for such synthesis are also highlighted. The review further explores the applications of LTA zeolites in water treatment, emphasizing their exceptional performance in adsorbing inorganic and organic pollutants. In particular, LTA zeolites are highly effective at removing inorganic cation pollutants through ion exchange. An updated ion-exchange selectivity order, based on previous studies, is provided to support these findings. Overall, this review aims to guide future research and development in water treatment technologies.
The Effect of Sulphur Atom on the Structure of Biomolecule 2-Thiocytosine in the Gas-Phase, Solid-State, and Hydrated Forms and in DNA–DNA Microhelices as Compared to Canonical Ones
Authors: Palafox Mauricio Alcolea , Aparicio Valentin Alba , Rodriguez Sergio Toninelli , Marín Josefa Isasi , Vats Jitendra Kumar , Rastogi Vinod Kumar
Published: January 2025

This study is focused on the effects of the sulphur atom in position 2 of the cytosine molecule, 2-thiocytosine (2TC), on the molecular structural parameters in the isolated state, as well as in the hydration, solid state arrangement, Watson–Crick pairs, and DNA–DNA microhelices, as compared to the canonical form. The main six tautomers were optimised at the MP2 and CCSD levels, and the sulphur atom does not show any effect on the stability trend of cytosine. The energy difference between T2b and T2a tautomers is twice as low in 2TC (1.15 kJ/mol) than in cytosine (2.69 kJ/mol). The IR and laser Raman spectra of 2TC were accurately assigned using DFT computations and solid-state simulations of the crystal unit cell through several tetramer forms. The results notably improve those previously published by other authors. The effect of explicit water molecules surrounding 2TC up to 30, corresponding to the first and second hydration shells, on geometries and tautomerism was analysed. The Watson–Crick base pairs’ stability (ΔECP = −97.458 kJ/mol) was found to be less than with cytosine (−105.930 kJ/mol). The calculated dipole moment was also lower (4.205 D) than with cytosine (5.793 D). The effect of 2TC on the 5′-dG-dC-dG-3′ and 5′-dA-dC-dA-3′ DNA–DNA optimised microhelices was evaluated through their calculated helical parameters, which indicates a clear deformation of the helix formation. The radius (R) with 2TC appears considerably shorter (6.200 Å) in the 5′-dA-dC-dA-3′ microhelix than that with cytosine (7.050 Å). Because of the special characteristics of the 2TC molecule, it can be used as an anticancer drug.
Bimetallic Zinc-Iron-Modified Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar for Simultaneous Adsorption of Arsenic and Oxytetracycline from Wastewater
Authors: Nguyen Nhat-Thien , Lin An-Bang , Chang Chang-Tang , Hong Gui-Bing
Published: January 2025

Arsenic (As), a highly toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal, poses significant risks to soil and water quality, while oxytetracycline (OTC), a widely used antibiotic, contributes to environmental pollution due to excessive human usage. Addressing the coexistence of multiple pollutants in the environment, this study investigates the simultaneous adsorption of As(III) and OTC using a novel bimetallic zinc-iron-modified biochar (1Zn-1Fe-1SBC). The developed adsorbent demonstrates enhanced recovery, improved adsorption efficiency, and cost-effective operation. Characterization results revealed a high carbon-to-hydrogen ratio (C/H) and a specific surface area of 1137 m2 g−1 for 1Zn-1Fe-1SBC. Isotherm modeling indicated maximum adsorption capacities of 34.7 mg g−1 for As(III) and 172.4 mg g−1 for OTC. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the adsorption processes for both pollutants were spontaneous (ΔG < 0), endothermic (ΔH > 0), and driven by chemical adsorption (ΔH > 80 kJ mol−1), with increased system disorder (ΔS > 0). The adsorption mechanisms involved multiple interactions, including pore filling, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, complexation, and π-π interactions. These findings underscore the potential of 1Zn-1Fe-1SBC as a promising adsorbent for the remediation of wastewater containing coexisting pollutants.
α-Al2O3 Functionalized with Lithium Ions Especially Useful as Inert Catalyst Bed Supports
Authors: Stamenić Mirjana , Bacoș Timotei Bogdan , Milivojević Aleksandar , Adžić Vuk , Ciopec Mihaela , Nemeş Nicoleta Sorina , Negrea Adina , Cioablă Adrian Eugen
Published: January 2025

The alumina, in the form of α-Al2O3 tabular balls, considered in this study is a high-purity form of aluminum oxide that has been fired at high temperatures (well above 1900 °C), virtually removing porosity. However, the purity and inertness of the surface of the Al2O3 tabular balls minimize the catalytic activity, which is why lithium doping was tried. Thus, the target of this study was the effect of doping with lithium ions in some tabular balls of Al2O3 (the crystalline structure is corundum) on the improvement of the catalytic properties of alumina. This study examined the impact of a lithium catalyst on the combustion of various fuels within a porous inert medium (PIM) burner. This study specifically compared low calorific gaseous fuel (e.g., biogas) combustion in a PIM burner with and without the lithium catalyst. The experimental setup comprised a gas preparation unit for mixing CNG and CO2 to simulate biogas and a PIM burner. The PIM burner comprised Al2O3 spheres (13 mm diameter, 45% porosity) in a random packing configuration. Three fuels, varying in composition and lower heating value (LHV ranging from 20.771 to 27.695 MJ/m3), were combusted at air ratios ranging from 1.67 to 1.79. The results indicated that the catalyst increased peak combustion temperatures by 23.2 °C to 51.4 °C, depending on the fuel type and air ratio. Significantly higher carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were observed without the catalyst, particularly with fuel type F1, while nitrous oxide (NOx) levels remained consistently low. Upstream flame propagation was observed in the presence of the catalyst. These findings demonstrate the potential of lithium catalysts to enhance combustion stability and reduce emissions in porous media combustion burners. Following these studies, it can be stated that Li(I) has the role of promoter of the catalytic process.
Giant Vortex Dichroism in Simplified-Chiral-Double-Elliptical Metamaterials
Authors: Luo Shiqi , Peng Kangzhun , Li Zhi-Yuan , Liang Wenyao
Published: January 2025

Vortex dichroism in chiral metamaterials is of great significance to the study of photoelectric detection, optical communication, and the interaction between light and matter. Here we propose a compact chiral metamaterials structure composed of two elliptical SiO2 rods covered with a Au film on a substrate to achieve a significant vortex-dichroism effect. Such a structure has different responses to a Laguerre-Gaussian beam carrying opposite-orbital angular momentum, resulting in giant vortex dichroism. The influences of various structural parameters are analyzed, and the optimal parameters are obtained to realize a remarkable vortex dichroism of about 58.5%. The simplicity and giant VD effect of the proposed metamaterials make it a promising candidate for advancing chiral optical applications such as optical communication and sensing.
Nanostructured Materials for Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Zhao Yan , He Qiu
Published: January 2025

In the face of escalating climate change due to excessive fossil fuel consumption, the urgency of addressing global warming has never been more critical [...]
Potato Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Harmonized Analysis of Seven Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Djousse Luc , Zhou Xia , Lim Jaewon , Kim Eunjung , Sesso Howard D. , Lee I-Min , Buring Julie E. , McClelland Robyn L. , Gaziano John Michael , Steffen Lyn M. , Manson JoAnn E.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: While previous study results have suggested an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes with potato consumption, limited and inconsistent results are available on the association of potato consumption with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension (HTN). We assessed the associations of (i) total potato consumption with the risk of CVD and HTN as the primary aim and (ii) fried potatoes and combined baked, boiled, and mashed potatoes with the risk of CVD and HTN as the secondary aim. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis using data from seven cohorts for CVD (n = 110,063) and five cohorts for HTN (n = 67,146). Cox regression was used to estimate multivariable adjusted hazard ratios separately in each cohort and the cohort-specific results were meta-analyzed using an inverse-variance weighted method. Results: The mean age ranged from 25 to 72 years, 65% of the respondents were women, and the mean consumption of total potatoes ranged from 1.9 to 4.3 times per week. In the primary analysis, total potato intake was not associated with the risk of either CVD or HTN: multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) comparing 5+ servings/week to no potato intake: 0.96 (0.89–1.04) for CVD and 1.04 (0.99–1.08) for HTN. In secondary analyses, the consumption of combined baked, boiled, and mashed potatoes was not associated with CVD or HTN; while fried potato consumption was not associated with CVD risk, there was a 10% higher risk of HTN (95% CI: 4% to 17%) comparing 1+ servings/week to no fried potato intake. Conclusions: While the consumption of total potato was not associated with the risk of CVD or HTN risk, a modest elevated risk of HTN but not CVD was observed only with fried potato consumption.
Enhancement of Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Reduction of Inflammation in the Elderly: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial Comparing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23 Probiotic with Heat-Treated Supplementation
Authors: Lee Mon-Chien , Hsu Yi-Ju , Yang Hung-Jen , Huang Chi-Chang
Published: January 2025

Background: As individuals age, there is a gradual loss of muscle mass and strength, which not only impairs physical functionality but also heightens the risk of falls and diminishes independence among older adults. Probiotics have emerged as a focus of recent research due to their potential role in enhancing muscle health via the gut–muscle axis. This study evaluates the effects of live and heat-treated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23 (PS23) supplementation on muscle strength and mass in the elderly. Methods: This study recruited 119 participants, aged 65–85 years, and randomly assigned them to receive a placebo (0 × 1010 CFU/day), L-PS23 (live PS23, 2 × 1010 CFU/day), or HT-PS23 (heat-treated PS23, 2 × 1010 cells/day) for a duration of 12 weeks. Assessments of blood pressure, body composition, muscle strength, functional physical fitness, and biochemical parameters were conducted at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results: Among the 100 subjects who completed the trial, supplementation with both L-PS23 and HT-PS23 significantly enhanced lower limb muscle strength and endurance compared to the placebo (p < 0.05), although no significant differences were observed in muscle mass or upper limb muscle strength across the groups. Additionally, while most muscle anabolism-related markers showed no significant changes, both supplements effectively decreased inflammatory markers related to aging—C-reactive protein (CRP: L-PS23, p = 0.016; HT-PS23, p = 0.013) and interleukin-6 (IL-6: L-PS23, p = 0.003; HT-PS23, p < 0.001)—and increased interleukin-10 levels (L-PS23, p = 0.014; HT-PS23, p = 0.005). Notably, only the HT-PS23 group demonstrated a significant increase in testosterone levels (p = 0.029). Conclusions: 12 weeks of supplementation with L-PS23 and HT-PS23 improved lower limb muscle strength and endurance but did not significantly enhance muscle mass in older adults. Both supplements also proved effective in reducing inflammatory markers and elevating testosterone levels. HT-PS23, administered as a heat-treated probiotic, provided more pronounced benefits to the elderly compared with its probiotic counterpart, L-PS23.
Low-Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma in the Oral Cavity: Case Report and Clinical Insights
Authors: Azevedo Mafalda , de Araújo Paulo , Faria-Almeida Ricardo , Correia Francisco
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma is a rare malignant myofibroblastic tumor, first described by Gabbiani et al. in 1971. It predominantly affects adult males and is uncommon in children. The tumor can occur anywhere in the body, with a preference for the limbs and head and neck regions, including the oral cavity. Methods: A case report of a 22-year-old male patient with no systemic conditions who presented with a painless, red, firm swelling between teeth 34 and 35 was examined. Panoramic radiography was unremarkable. The lesion measured 19 × 8 mm. Histological analysis revealed a spindle cell proliferation with atypia. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for SMA and showed a low Ki-67 proliferative index, while negative for Desmin, CD34, and beta-catenin. The final diagnosis was low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma. Results: After surgical excision, the lesion recurred within one month. The patient was referred to the Portuguese Institute of Oncology for further treatment. Conclusions: Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma is a rare tumor with a tendency for local recurrence and metastasis. Accurate diagnosis, which includes histological examination and immunohistochemistry, is essential to differentiate it from other benign and malignant lesions. This case highlights the importance of an incisional biopsy to confirm diagnosis prior to surgical excision, thereby reducing the risk of relapse and enabling appropriate treatment planning.
Pictorial Review of Paediatric Limp
Authors: Chapala Shashank , Giliyaru Sahana , Botchu Rajesh , Saxena Suvinay , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Chandramohan Muthusamy
Published: January 2025

A limp is an abnormal, uneven or laboured gait typically resulting from pain, weakness, or structural deformity involving the hip, lower limb, spine or abdominopelvic abnormalities. Limps in children are common and have diverse causes that can be benign to life-threatening including trauma, congenital malformations, and neoplastic diseases. Diagnosis involves identifying gait abnormality thoroughly examining history and physical exam, assessing tenderness and range of motion, and completing targeted lab and radiographic studies. We present an imaging review of various usual and unusual causes of limp in different age groups such as in toddlers (1–3 years), children (4–10 years), and adolescents (11–16 years) with a comprehensive literature review.
Utilization of Nanoparticles for Treating Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Nikolaidou Anna , Spyratou Ellas , Sandali Athanasia , Gianni Theodora , Platoni Kalliopi , Lamprogiannis Lampros , Efstathopoulos Efstathios P.
Published: January 2025

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a predominant cause of vision loss, posing significant challenges in its management despite advancements such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. Nanomedicine, with its novel properties and capabilities, offers promising potential to transform the treatment paradigm for AMD. This review reports the significant advancements in the use of diverse nanoparticles (NPs) for AMD in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo, including liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, nanoceria, nanofibers, magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, dendrimers, and polymer nanoparticles delivered in forms such as gels, eye drops, intravitreally, or intravenously. Drug delivery was the most common use of NPs for AMD, followed by photodynamic therapy dose enhancement, antioxidant function for nanoceria, biomimetic activity, and immune modulation. Innovative approaches arising included nanotechnology-based photodynamic therapy and light-responsive nanoparticles for controlled drug release, as well as gene therapy transfer. Nanomedicine offers a transformative approach to the treatment and management of AMD, with diverse applications. The integration of nanotechnology in AMD management not only provides innovative solutions to overcome current therapeutic limitations but also shows potential in enhancing outcomes and patient quality of life.
Prolonged Impact of Bisphosphonates and Glucocorticoids on Bone Mechanical Properties
Authors: Mansour Alaa , Jabbour Zaher , Alsheghri Ammar , Elhadad Amir , Berridi Karla R. , Moussa Hanan , Ramirez-Garcialuna Jose Luis , Tamimi Iskandar , Santos dos Santos Sailer , Henderson Janet , Song Jun , Tamimi Faleh
Published: January 2025

Background: This study aimed at investigating the prolonged effects of glucocorticoids and bisphosphonates on bone. Methods: Six-to-eight-month-old skeletally mature male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to receive a cancer therapy combination of zoledronic acid (ZA = 0.13 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (DX = 3.8 mg/kg) (treatment group, n = 10) or sterile phosphate buffer saline solution (control group, n = 10). The rats received weekly intraperitoneal injections for 8 weeks, which were stopped 6 weeks before euthanasia. Mineralized bone samples were characterized by three-point bending tests, micro-CT imaging, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Bone collagen was assessed using tensile tests on the demineralized bones and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy on mineralized and demineralized bones. Results: The samples in the treatment group showed increased tibial cortical thickness, mineral crystal size, and toughness. Analyses of demineralized tibiae revealed decreased collagen tensile strength in the experimental group. The spectroscopic and TGA/DSC analyses showed that the ZA + DX treatment increased the collagen amide I 1660/1690 cm−1 area ratio and collagen denaturalization temperature, indicating a higher level of collagen cross-linking. Conclusions: Bisphosphonates and glucocorticoids led to prolonged changes in the mechanical properties of bone as a result of increased cortical thickness, increased crystal size, and the deterioration of collagen quality.