bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Studies in Normal Individuals During Diuretic Treatment with Furosemide
Authors: Hilden M. , Amris C. J.
Published: August 2010

The purpose of the investigation was to elucidate possible changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis during induced dehydration with Furosemide in 11 normal individuals. The 7 were followed before and for 31/2–4 hours after 80 mg. Furosemide perorally, the last 4 were control patients examined similarly, but with placebo instead of Furosemide. The following changes were observed in all the test subjects:

1. Significant increase in the fibrinolytic activity of plasma euglobulin 11/2–2 hours after Furosemide.

2. Significant increase in plasminogen and fibrinogen concentration.

3. Slight, not significant, increase in urokinase inhibitor. No changes in plasmin inhibitor.
The Free Cytoplasmic Fragments of Lymphoglandular Tissue (Lymphoglandular Bodies). A Preliminary Presentation
Authors: SÖDERSTRÖM NILS
Published: August 2010

Lymphoglandular bodies are well organized fragments of cytoplasm from different types of cells occurring in lymphoglandular – or lymphatic – tissue (lymph glands, tonsils, thymus, spleen, diffuse and ectopic lymphoglandular tissue). They are also seen in lymphomas. They are especially conspicuous in imprints and smears from needle biopsy specimens. They are quite specific for this type of tissue and in needle biopsy specimens they thus permit the distinction of lymphomas from malignant tumors of other origin and the recognition of ectopic lymphoglandular metaplasia.

Lymphoglandular bodies are no artefacts, they are seen also in tissue sections, especially in the efferent sinuses but also in some regions of solid lymphoglandular parenchyma. They might thus be regarded as analogs to other corpuscular products of haemopoietic tissues (e.g. platelets), and may be released together with cells leaving the lymphoglandular tissue. They are very short‐lived, they are rare in the thoracic duct lymph and do not seem to reach circulating blood as distinct morphologic units. They may represent an important detail in the function of lymhoglandular tissue but main points in their natural history are still obscure.
Antibody Synthesis by Blastoid Cells Transformed in vitro from Rabbit Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: LAMVIK J. O.
Published: August 2010

Lymphocyte cultures were made from rabbits previously immunized with sheep red cells. In antigen stimulated cultures many blastoid cells appeared. The cultured cells were studied in incubation chambers in a monolayer of sheep red cells in the presence of complement. Lytic zones were found around blastoid cells from antigen stimulated cultures, while no lytic reaction was found around blastoid cells from Phytohaemagglutinin stimulated cultures.
The Effect of Anti A Antibody on Red Cell Organic Phosphates and Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in vitro
Authors: Palek Jiří , Mirčevová Libuše , Brabec Václav , Friedmann Brfzřich , Májský Alexej
Published: August 2010

The changes in red cell organic phosphate compounds, in glucose consumption and in red cell membrane ATPase activity were investigated in A1 red cells exposed to anti A antibody. A1 red cells, incubated in anti A serum, were shown to have significantly decreased ATP content, increased content of ADP and of inorganic phosphate, as compared to red cells incubated in the same manner in autologous serum. The consumption of glucose, the content of 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate and of hexose diphosphates in antiserum‐exposed red cells were unchanged. The activity of red cell membrane ATPase in ghosts isolated from anti A serum‐exposed A1 red cells, was significantly higher than that in autologous serum‐exposed red cell ghosts. No significant differences were seen between the results in active and inactivated anti A serum. Some evidence is given and discussed that the decrease of ATP and the increase of ADP and inorganic phosphate in antiserum‐incubated red cells are due to the increased activity of red cell membrane ATPase.
Two M Components (γGK and γML) in Different Cells of the Same Patient
Authors: Bjerrum Ole Jannik , Stud. M. , Weeke Bent
Published: August 2010

Before reporting their own case the authors review previously published cases of several immunologically different M components. It is demonstrated that the distribution of heavy chains in the presence of two M components corresponds to the distribution of heavy chains in the presence of one M component.

By two differently stained fluorescent antibodies to each of the M components it was demonstrated that these components were present in different cells of types like plasma cells and lymphocytoid cells. On the basis of the histopathological and clinical findings it is discussed whether the patient is suffering from myelomatosis and/or macroglobulinaemia of Waldenström.

Clinically, it was striking that the red cell sedimentation rate was normal throughout the course of the disease. Furthermore, the relative viscosity of the serum was lower than previously seen at M component concentration of 42 g./l. at 37° C. A possible relationship between the low ESR and the low viscosity is discussed.
The Influence of Temperature on The Formation of Radial‐Segmented Nuclei in Human Lymphocytes and Monocytes
Authors: Norberg Bo
Published: August 2010

The influence of temperature on the in vitro formation of radial‐segmented (RS) nuclei in lymphocytes and monocytes from peripheral blood was studied quantitatively. The RS nuclei were found to be most abundant after incubation at room temperature, independent of the anticoagulant used. The smallest yield of RS nuclei was found after incubation at refrigerator temperature, a somewhat higher yield after incubation at 37° C. These findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that the formation of RS nuclei is due to a contraction of fibrous structures radiating from the centrosomal region, presumably interphasic remnants of the mitotic spindle.
Immunological Studies in a Case of Gold Salt Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Stavem Per , Strømme Johan , Bull Otto
Published: August 2010

A woman developed severe thrombocytopenia a few days after the 8th injection of sodium aurothiomalate. She was treated with BAL, prednisone and a fresh blood transfusion, and the platelet count came back to normal after about 2 weeks. At that time the bone marrow contained many megakaryocytes, and the platelet life span was nearly normal. These observations suggest that the thrombocytopenia was due to an immune mechanism, but in vitro techniques failed to detect lytic, agglutinating, complement binding, or radioactive aurothiomalate‐binding antibodies.
Antibody Synthesis by Transformed Cells in Rabbit Lymphocyte Cultures: Development of Plaque‐Forming Cells and Liberation of Agglutinating Antibodies in Antigen‐Stimulated Cultures
Authors: Lamvik J. O.
Published: August 2010

Sheep red cell‐stimulated cultures containing lymphocytes from sheep red cell immunized rabbits were harvested after different culture periods. Blastoid cells appeared and increased in numbers in the first 4–6 days of incubation, with subsequent reduction. Transformed cells with the ability to form pericellular lytic plaques in sheep red cell monolayers were regularly found after 6–8 days' incubation. Plaque‐forming cells were also present after 11 and 14 days' incubation, but usually in reduced numbers. In the second week of culture agglutinins were regularly found in the culture supernatants. In the same period cells morphologically similar to plasma cells were found in the cultures.
Pattern of Cell Production and Cell Migration in Mouse Thymus Studied by Autoradiography
Authors: Borum Kirstine
Published: August 2010

Autoradiographs prepared from histological sections of thymus were studied at different intervals after a single intraperitoneal injection of tritiated thymidine into male CBA mice. The initial uptake was located mainly in the cortex, especially in the periphery, to a lesser extent in the medulla. Immediate incorporation was seen in reticular cells and in large and medium‐sized lymphocytes, not in small lymphocytes. As time elapsed more cells became labelled, and a migration of labelled cells from the cortex to the medulla took place. Simultaneously an increasing number of small thymocytes acquired the label. The pattern of initial uptake and spread of label with time was similar for the thymus of mice aged 3 weeks, 7 weeks and one year.

Autoradiographs of smears of whole thymus revealed that 13 per cent of the cells were labelled one hour after the administration of 3H‐thymidine. The labelling percentage increased with time and reached a maximum of 37 per cent, 3 days after the injection. After that time a fall in labelling percentage was observed with a final disappearance of labelled cells from the thymus about the 14th day.

Calculations on the basis of mitotic counts with and without colchicine pre‐treatment gave an average mitotic rate in thymic cortex of 3.7 per cent per hour, which renders an average renewal time of 27 hours by cell division for thymic cortex ‐ indepent of age.

It is concluded that a large cell production takes place in the thymus, especially in the outer cortex, the end result being the production of thymocytes, mainly small ones, which migrate to the medulla from where they disappear.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Thrombocytes in Various Diseases
Authors: Knudsen F. Ursin , Gormsen Johs.
Published: August 2010

LDH isoenzymes in thrombocytes from 41 healthy subjects and 85 patients suffering from various diseases combined with changes in platelet function were studied. The isoenzymes were separated by disc acrylamide electrophoresis. In normal thrombocytes LDH 3 constituted around 41 per cent, LDH 2 around 32 per cent, LDH 1 around 12 per cent and LDH 4 around 14 per cent of the total amount, whereas only very little LDH 5 was found.

The results have been evaluated statistically. No differences were found between younger and older healthy persons.

In patients with hepatic cirrhosis and polycythaemia vera an increase in ratio between H and M units (increase in T‐values) was demonstrated. Significant lower T‐values were found in patients with cancer and acute phlebothrombosis.

No relationship between isoenzyme parameters of thrombocytes and serum was found.
Acid Phosphatases and Platelet Factor 3
Authors: Polášek J. , Kubisz P.
Published: August 2010

On the assumption that, under certain conditions, acid phosphatases may serve as a biochemical marker for the physico‐chemical state of lipoprotein of platelet lysosymes, the changes in the thromboplastic activity of platelets were studied simultaneously with those in acid phosphatases.

The quantitative relationship between the platelet‐factor‐3‐like activity of the serum and the acid phosphatases released from the platelets into the serum during coagulation of native platelet‐rich plasma is pointed out.

A study of the changes of acid phosphatase activity during kaolin clotting time showed deep ultrastructural changes in platelets.

The results obtained indicate that it is product I and not thrombin alone which increases the activity of acid phosphatases in suspension of isolated platelets.

The relationship of platelet lysosomes to the platelet‐factor‐3‐activity is discussed.
Haemoglobin S‐D Disease in a Turkish Family
Authors: ÖZsoylu Sinasi
Published: August 2010

A three‐year‐old Turkish boy with haemoglobin S‐D disease and ventricular septal defect is reported in detail, mentioning his three siblings with the same disorder. The patient showed marked haemolytic anaemia and growth retardation. His father possibly had homozygous Hb D disease, and the mother had sickle cell trait. An aplastic crisis was found during his hospitalization.
Experimentally Increased Production of a Rabbit Antibody Resembling a Natural Human Agglutinin
Authors: Mellbye Ove J.
Published: August 2010

Normal rabbit sera, absorbed with normal human red cells, contained a γM‐globulin causing reversible agglutination of trypsinised human red cells. The amount of this antibody increased after immunization with normal human red cells, and it now consisted of both γM‐ and γG‐globulin. The agglutination was still reversible.

The experiments supported the hypothesis that the natural antibody in human sera causing reversible agglutination of trypsinised human red cells is due to antigenic stimulation by structures revealed on normal red cells during their destruction in vivo.
Properties of the Trypsinised Red Cell Receptor Reacting in Reversible Agglutination by Normal Sera
Authors: Mellbye O. J.
Published: August 2010

Inhibition experiments and studies with isotope labelled trypsin confirmed that the reversible reaction between trypsinised human red cells and trypsin agglutinin in normal sera is weakly inhibited by trypsin and that trypsin is adsorbed to the red cells during enzyme treatment. However, large concentrations of trypsin were needed for inhibition, and human trypsin agglutinin did not react with trypsin adsorbed to rabbit red cells. It therefore seems unlikely that the trypsin agglutinin receptor on human red cells is identical with trypsin adsorbed to the cell membrane.

Trypsinised red cells treated with various proteolytic enzymes, β‐galactosidase and periodate, were no longer agglutinated by purified trypsin agglutinin. These findings indicate that the trypsin agglutinin receptor is a glycoprotein.
Fibrinogen Turnover in Pregnancy
Authors: Regoeczi E. , Hobbs K. R.
Published: August 2010

15 turnover studies in 8 pregnant rhesus monkeys using iodine‐labelled fibrinogen showed that fractional catabolic rates of this protein were similar to those in control females, whereas the absolute catabolic rates were significantly elevated. Intermediate, non‐clottable labelled breakdown products of fibrinogen were present in the circulation of these monkeys. The implication of these findings are briefly discussed.
The Automatic Defibrination of Normal Human Blood
Authors: Wilson J. D. , Cowell T. K. , Grimes A. J.
Published: August 2010

An automatic apparatus designed for the defibrination of small blood samples in a standard manner is described.

The use and characteristics of the apparatus are considered and compared with existing techniques.

The apparatus offers several advantages over existing methods; these are minimal cell trauma, high yield of defibrinated blood, substantial neutrophil but limited lymphocyte removal and only a slight rise in the blood pH value.

The method is simple and gives reproducible results. It is suitable for the preparation of defibrinated blood both for routine or special purposes.
DISCUSSION
Authors: Laursen Benedicte , Gormsen Johs.
Published: August 2010

The specific indication of intravascular fibrinolysis is the demonstration of fibrinogenfibrin degradation products.

To evaluate the effect on fibrinolysis 48 patients were treated with clofibrate, metformin, tolazamide or testosterone for periods of one to fourteen weeks. Blood fibrinolytic activity was assessed before, during and after treatment by measurements of euglobulin clot lysis time, plasminogen and fibrinogen, and immunoassays of fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products.

17 normal persons, 23 patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease, and 11 patients with other diseases were exposed to physical exertion or injections of nicotinic acid. Fibrinolytic activity was assessed as above, before and after stimulation.

Acceleration of euglobulin clot lysis was found in only 2 of 11 patients treated with metformin, but in 47 persons exposed to short‐term stimulation. No fibrinolytic breakdown products were found in serum samples containing EACA.

The significance of accelerated euglobulin clot lysis cannot be evaluated independently.
Increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Probably Due to a Red Cell Factor
Authors: Heistö H. , Godal H. C. , Gröttum K. A. , Madsen Grethe , Uggerud> Björg
Published: August 2010

During routine examination of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in blood donors an unusual sedimentation pattern was found in two healthy males. The sedimentation curve showed a very pronounced S‐shaped course, the lag phase varying between 15 and 60 minutes followed by a period of very rapid sedimentation. The routine reading of the ESR of these donors after one hour therefore gave very inconsistent results. The phenomenon seems to be due to a factor located to the red cells. It is strongly dependent upon pH and temperature.
Serum Protein Binding of Vitamin B1212
Authors: Beal Robert W. , Gizis Evangelos , Meyer Leo M.
Published: August 2010

1. This work was supported by USPHA Grant CA 8279–04; Mildred Werner League for Cancer Research; the International Agency for Research on Cancer awarded a Travel Fellowship to R.W.B.

2. The survey of the literature pertaining to this review was concluded in July, 1968.
Serum Iron as Differential Diagnostic Aid in Acute Leukaemia in Children
Authors: Moe Peter Johan
Published: August 2010

Studies on serum iron and total iron binding capacity were performed in 27 cases of acute leukaemia, 14 cases of other malignant diseases, 10 cases of severe infections and 30 normal controls. All were children. Serum iron values above 70 μ. per 100 ml. were found in 25 of the 27 cases of leukaemia, while all the 14 cases of other malignant diseases and the 10 cases of infections had serum iron below that limit. Higher serum iron values were found in acute leukaemia than in the control group. Total iron binding capacity seems to be slightly reduced in acute leukaemia, while hypotransferrinaemia was a frequent finding in other malignant diseases and severe infections. The diagnostic implications of these findings are discussed.
Permanent Fixation of Lymphoid Cells Exposed to Dye Exclusion Test
Authors: Classon Mogens Helweg , Høyer Poul Erjk , Student Medical , Røpke Carsten
Published: August 2010

Procedures are presented which will make it possible to fix lymphoid cells exposed to the Dye Exclusion Test without influencing the percentage of dye‐absorbing (dead or dying) cells.
Haemolysis Induced by Subcellular Fractions of Rabbit Spleen and Liver
Authors: Hurwic Maria
Published: August 2010

The ability of subcellular fractions of rabbit spleen and liver to induce haemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes was investigated. It was shown that:

Subcellular fractions of normal spleen and liver induce haemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes modified in vivo by injections of small doses of phenylhydrazine.

The haemolytic activity of both tissue preparations was located mainly in the mitochondria and was much higher in the spleen than in the liver.

Fresh preparations of the spleen or the liver do not induce haemolysis of intact erythrocytes.

When the tissue fractions and also the erythrocytes were obtained from phenyl‐hydrazine treated rabbits, the haemolytic activity of the spleen preparations was lower and that of the liver was slightly higher than the respective activities of preparations of normal tissues.

The haemolytic activity of the subcellular fractions kept frozen for 7 days at pH = 7.0 was significantly increased.

Phospholipase A is indicated as a possible haemolytic agent present in the spleen and the liver mitochondria.
Slow Activation of Factor VIII by Thrombin and other Enzymes at Low Temperature
Authors: ÖZge‐Anwar Ayse H.
Published: August 2010

The activation of factor VIII by thrombin and reptilase in human fraction I‐O is described. The evidence is presented showing the presence of factor VIII activity in the supernatant fluid of the thrombin treated fraction I‐O in the process of clot formation. Factor VIII activity is more stable at a low temperature (−2° C). The significance of these observations with regard to possible purification of factor VIII is discussed.
Immunological Studies on Human Antithrombin III
Authors: Fagerhol M. K. , Abildgaard U.
Published: August 2010

Immunoelectrophoresis of antithrombin III (At‐III) resulted in a single precipitation arc in the α2‐region. At‐III was quantitated by electrophoresis or single radial diffusion in agarose gels containing antibodies. Addition of bovine thrombin apparently reduced the concentration of At‐III in serum by about 20%. Addition of At‐III antibodies to human serum or plasma reduced their progressive antithrombin activity by about 70% and abolished their heparin cofactor activity. The At‐III concentration in serum from healthy males decreases moderately with increasing age up to 60 years. In females below 45 years of age the concentration was significantly lower than in males. In females between 45 and 55 years a slight but significant increase was found bringing the concentration above that in males in the higher age groups. Use of oral contraceptives appeared to lower the At‐III concentration by about 15%.
Cytogenetic Studies in a Case of Erythroleukaemia
Authors: Nichols Warren W. , Nordén ÅKe , Bradt Carole , Berg Bertel , Peluse Michael
Published: August 2010

A case of DiGuglielmo syndrome is reported in which chromosome studies on bone marrow, peripheral blood cultures stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin, and peripheral blood cultures without phytohaemagglutinin stimulation all revealed normal chromosome complements from the standpoint of chromosome morphology, aneuploidy, polyploidy, and chromosome breakage. Since the peripheral blood cells without phytohaemagglutinin stimulation should represent the malignant cells, this would indicate that the malignant cells do occur without chromosome abnormalities.
The Relationship between Mucosal Iron and Iron Absorption in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Pollack Simeon , Campana Theresa
Published: August 2010

The non‐haeme iron content of intestinal mucosa has been proposed as responsible for controlling iron absorption. In these experiments guinea pigs bled to produce a six‐fold increase in iron absorption showed no change in mucosal non‐haeme iron content.

Earlier conflicting results may be partially explained by the inclusion of a fraction of the haemoglobin iron when using the trichloroacetic acid method for extracting ‘non‐haeme’ iron.

It is suggested that the iron content of intestinal mucosa cannot be assigned a general role in regulating iron absorption.
Distribution of Tissue Eosinophil Granulocytes in Cow and Pig Organs
Authors: Vilpo J. A. , Härkönen M. J. , Teir H.
Published: August 2010

Tissue eosinophils were systematically determined from 36 organs or tissues of three cows and three pigs. The number of eosinophils ranged from 0 to 1,500 per mm2. Their densities were highest in the intestinal region, especially the small intestine. Moderate numbers (50–200 per mm2) were noted in the stomach, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, dermis, and conjunctiva. No eosinophils were seen in 12 tissues. The quantitative presence of tissue eosinophils in the different organs suggests that they are part of the local, cellular defence mechanism of the organism.
The Effect of Extended‐Field Radiotherapy on Peripheral Blood Values in Advanced Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Høst Herman
Published: August 2010

Twenty patients with Hodgkin's disease clinically in stage III have been studied during and after extended‐field radiotherapy. Treatment consisted of two courses of 4 to 5 weeks duration separated by a 6‐week interval. The first course of treatment was directed at the region which contained the predominant lymph node swelling ‐all the nodes either above or below the diaphragm; the second to the remaining, untreated lymph nodes either below or above the diaphragm. Only a slight depression of peripheral blood counts occurred after the first course, but marked depression was evident during and after the second. Three deaths occurred shortly after treatment in patients with impaired bone marrow function and in another three patients severe bleeding attributable to thrombocytopenia occurred during the second course. This effect on the bone marrow may be a serious objection to extended‐field radiotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease.
Mitotic Activity of Circulating Atypical Lymphocytes
Authors: Malacarne Paolo , Dallapiccola Bruno
Published: August 2010

A proportion of circulating atypical lymphocytes present during the active phase of infectious mononucleosis has an high rate of H3‐thymidine incorporation in vitro, but the relationship between DNA synthesis and mitosis in these elements is unclear. In order to appraise the problem, a series of patients with atypical circulating lymphocytes (cases with virus and bacterial infections, reaction due to massive blood transfusion, drug hypersensitivity, schizophrenia) has been studied. An increase of DNA synthetic activity in vitro has been observed, and an high incidence of spontaneous mitoses was detected by means of direct chromosome preparations, as compared to healthy controls. These observations can be regarded as further evidence of high proliferative potential of atypical lymphocytes.
A Possible New Variant of G‐6‐PD with Decreased Activity (G‐6‐PD‐Utrecht) in a Dutch Family with Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Staal G. E. J. , Punt K. , Geerdink R. A. , Bos Miss C. C. , Bartstra Miss H.
Published: August 2010

Three generations of a Dutch family were studied in which two unrelated genetic abnormalities of the red cells were present, namely hereditary spherocytosis and a deficiency of G‐6‐PD. The physical and biological characteristics of the enzyme were determined. The G‐6‐PD variant differs from all other G‐6‐PD variants described in the literature. Preliminary it is given the name of G‐6‐PD‐Utrecht.
Blood Platelet Surface and Shape A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Hovig Torstein
Published: August 2010

Scanning electron microscopic studies of single blood platelets and platelet aggregates showed:

Immediately fixed platelets were disc‐shaped with no or very few, small pseudopods. The surface of the platelets was rough with holes, probably corresponding to openings from the surface connecting system. Due to the centrifugation, platelets were lying close together, but there was no evidence of platelet aggregation. Platelets in citrated plasma stirred for 5 minutes in an aggregometer at 37° C were mostly discoid, but some irregular forms with pseudopods occurred. A few small platelet clumps were observed. Platelets appearing to adhere to red cells were also found.

Platelets in citrated plasma stored at 0–2° C for 30 minutes were irregular, spherical with numerous buds and pseudopods. Thus the appearance of these platelets was completely different from that of the above mentioned specimens.

Aggregates induced by ADP or collagen showed spherical platelets with a meshwork of interlacing pseudopods.

The conclusion is drawn that chilling has a pronounced effect on platelet shape, a fact which should not be overlooked. The meshwork of pseudopods observed in the aggregates may be of importance for the stability of the aggregates in vitro as well as in vivo.
Studies on Lymphocytes during Extracorporeal Irradiation of the Blood in Patients with Active Cirrhosis
Authors: Andersen Vagn , Bjerrum Ole , Ranek Leo
Published: August 2010

The lymphocyte concentration in the blood was followed closely in four patients with active cirrhosis who were treated with extracorporeal irradiation of the blood (ECI). A reduction to 25% of the original values was obtained, and three months after treatment the lymphocyte concentration remained below 50% of pretreatment values. This is not significantly different from the results previously obtained in uraemic patients although a much more concentrated treatment schedule was employed in the present patients. This shows that the large majority of the recirculating lymphocytes pass through the blood within 3–4 days.

In vitro stimulation of blood lymphocytes with phytohaemagglutinin showed that in the three patients studied the response per cell did not change significantly during ECI. However, the initially positive transformation response to tuberculin in vitro changed into a negative one during ECI in all cases, indicating that a selective depletion of the tuberculin‐sensitive cells of the blood took place during ECI.
Cytotoxic HL‐A Antibodies Methodological Considerations
Authors: Ahrons S.
Published: August 2010

The variable factors in the microlymphocytotoxic method described by Kissmeyer‐Nielsen & Kjerbye (1967) were studied. It was found that cell death increased with increasing incubation time and temperature. A mixture of equal parts of fresh human and rabbit serum was found to be the best C source in this test system, and a two‐stage procedure was found to be a more sensitive than a one‐stage procedure. However, for tissue typing, a less sensitive one‐stage technique is preferred as most lymphocytotoxic antisera are oligospecific, with one strong and additional weaker components; and for typing purposes the optimum technique is one which reveals only one antibody component. A final concentration of Trypan Blue of 0.2% was found to be optimal in the test system as it provides good staining in 30 min at room temperature and also prevents antigen‐antibody C interaction due to anticomplementarity during the staining period.
Survival of 51Cr‐Labelled Autologous and Isologous Platelets as Differential Diagnostic Aid in Thrombocytopenic States
Authors: Abrahamsen Arne Foss
Published: August 2010

In 5 cases of hereditary thrombocytopathic thrombocytopenia, autologous platelets had a much shorter survival time than had isologous platelets. In 10 cases of acquired thrombocytopenia the survival of autologous and isologous platelets was almost identical. This different behaviours of autologous and isologous platelets thus seem to be specific for hereditary thrombocytopathias.
Enhancing Effect of Clofazimine (B663) on the Phagocytosis of Neutrophilic Leucocytes in Vitro
Authors: Brandt L.
Published: August 2010

Phagocytosis in vitro of neutrophilic leucocytes from normals and patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia was enhanced in the presence of Clofazimine (B 663), a phenazine derivative. The positive effect was obtained by adding the substance in a crystalline form or in an alcoholic solution at low concentration. With high concentrations of Clofazimine the enhancement was less pronounced.
Intrinsic Factor Activity of Stomach Preparations from Various Animal Species
Authors: Hippe E. , Schwartz M.
Published: August 2010

Stomach preparations from 19 different animal species have been studied for intrinsic factor activity by applying the Schilling test in patients with pernicious anaemia, and by means of in vitro assay with antibody to human intrinsic factor.

Stomach preparations from man, pig, cow, ferret, rabbit, rat, and hamster were able to promote vitamin B12 absorption in the human intestine. The B12‐binding ability of these preparations was inhibited by antibody to intrinsic factor. Gastric mucosa homogenate from guinea pig was ineffective in the patients but reacted with the antibody to intrinsic factor.

Stomach preparations from dog, cat, chicken, toad, frog, black slug, edible snail, lobster, eel, plaice, and sea trout were all inefficacious with the Schilling test as well as with the in vitro assay.
Chromosome Studies in Megaloblastic Anaemia before and after Treatment
Authors: Lawler Sylvia D. , Roberts P. D. , Hoffbrand A. V.
Published: August 2010

The chromosomes of the bone marrow cells and the lymphocytes have been studied in 15 patients with vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. In the bone marrow samples taken before treatment all the patients showed evidence of abnormal chromosome morphology such as elongation. The frequency of randomly distributed chromosomal breaks was increased. Chromosome morphology reverted to normal following treatment and in some cases considerable improvement was obvious by 48 hours. Aneuploidy was not a constant feature of the bone marrow cells but there was a significant loss of G‐group chromosomes in the pretreatment samples; most of this loss being attributable to two males. Elongated chromosomes were not found in lymphocyte cultures but the frequency of randomly distributed breaks was increased above normal control values. The abnormalities of the lymphocytes were not corrected as rapidly as those of bone marrow cells.
Platelet Survival in Man
Authors: Kutti Jack , Weinfeld Aleksander
Published: August 2010

Platelet survival studies were performed in three groups of males: 10 healthy young students, 8 healthy middle‐aged men and 8 haematologically normal subjects with mild to moderate cardiovascular diseases. Two mathematical functions were used in order to obtain platelet mean life span. (MLS) according to the principle of Mills (1946). The two functions were equivalent for the estimation of platelet MLS. In all groups studied, the range for platelet MLS was wide, but was most pronounced in the group of subjects with cardiovascular diseases. The mean platelet MLS for young students was higher than the mean for healthy middle‐aged men, and the mean for the latter was higher than the mean platelet MLS in the group of subjects with cardiovascular diseases. The differences between these three groups were, however, not statistically significant. The means for platelet destruction rate and turnover were equal in the two groups of healthy volunteers studied. In the group of subjects with cardiovascular diseases the mean for platelet destruction rate and turnover exceeded the means for healthy volunteers but not significantly so.
Factors Affecting the Autohaemolysis of Normal Human Red Cells and the Mechanism of Lysis in vitro
Authors: Chapman S. J. , Allison J. V. , Grimes A. J.
Published: August 2010

Normal, human difibrinated blood has been incubated at 37° C in vitro for periods up to 96 hrs and factors affecting eventual lysis of the cells have been studied. Prelytic changes in red cell volume and water, red cell Na+ and K+, glucose consumption and ATP levels, and osmotic fragility have also been studied. These data have provided an explanation for eventual lysis of red cells incubated in vitro.
Routine Tests as Measures of the Total Intrinsic Blood Clotting Potential
Authors: Korsan‐Bengtsen Kristoffer
Published: August 2010

The whole blood clotting time (WBCT) determined in silicone‐treated tubes was compared with the recalcification time of citrated plasma in silicone tubes (RTST), the partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in a group of dicumarol‐treated patients.

By linear regression analyses, correlation coefficients of about 0.7 were found when WBCT was compared with RTST and APTT. In a group of 9 patients with only moderately decreased factor II, VII, X activity, the clotting times of the investigated methods exceeded the upper normal limits. In seven of these patients two or more of the tests coincided. Although there were considerable disaggrements among the tests, it is probable that they at least partly measure the same qualities.

A quality control study over more than one year showed that the PTT test varied considerably but that the APTT test carried out with the commercial reagent Platelin plus Activator varied remarkably little. To test the total clotting potential of plasma in routine laboratory work, APTT seems to be the test of choice.
Comparison of Thrombotest and Simplastin A (a Modified P & P Test) in the Detection of Prolonged Clotting Times of Whole Blood and Plasma During Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Korsan‐Bengtsen Kristoffer
Published: August 2010

Methods used to control dicumarol therapy differ in their sensitivity to the inhibitor formed during administration of dicumarol. For this reason the therapeutic levels vary, even when the methods are standardized with the same dilutions of normal plasma.

The problem investigated is whether prolonged clotting times of whole blood or plasma are heralded equally well by Thrombotest, which is sensitive to the inhibitor, as by Simplastin A (a modified P & P method), which is insensitive to it. Whole blood clotting time was determined for 130 patients, recalcification time of plasma in silicone‐treated tubes for 176 patients, and activated partial thromboplastin time for 350 patients. Thrombotest and Simplastin A were carried out simultaneously with the other tests on every patient treated with dicumarol. Thrombotest and Simplastin A did not differ in their ability to warn against prolonged clotting times of whole blood or plasma.
Teaching Diagrams in Haematology
Authors: Stavem Per
Published: August 2010

Cumulative frequency diagrams display the magnitude of a symptom or sign, as well as the frequency, thus adding another dimension to the graphic figure. One particular sign, like e. g. splenic enlargement in different diseases, may be illustrated by different curves of cumulative frequency. With careful selection of the most useful parameters for comparison, such diagrams can be a valuable teaching aid in differential diagnosis. These diagrams would be a happy alterative to some of the overwhelming tables used in many text books.
Phagocytosis‐Promoting Effect of Clofazimine (B 663) in Patients with Subnormal Granulocyte Function
Authors: Brandt L.
Published: August 2010

Clofazimine (B 633), a phenazine derivative with a therapeutic effect against leprosy, has previously been found to stimulate the phagocytic capacity of neutrophilic leucocytes in vitro. The substance was therefore given to 6 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia and 2 patients with an abnormal chromatin clumping of the neutrophils associated with subnormal phagocytosis. During oral treatment with daily doses of 100–600 mg, the phagocytic capacity of the neutrophilic leucocytes in peripheral blood was increased in all cases. The positive effect was noted between 4 and 11 days after starting the treatment. On prolonged administration of high doses, the enhancement of phagocytosis became less pronounced. Since the drug has proved to be without serious side effects, further investigation of its possible role in conditions associated with subnormal granulocyte function and increased susceptibility to infections would seem justified.
Platelet Survival in Active Polycythaemia Vera with Reference to the Haematocrit Level
Authors: Kutti Jack , Weinfeld Aleksander
Published: August 2010

Platelet mean life span (MLS), platelet destruction rate, and platelet recovery was determined in 12 patients with active polycythaemia vera (PV), at a high‐haematocrit level and also after phlebotomies at a normal‐haematocrit level. The results have shown that (1) platelet MLS is not related to the haematocrit level, (2) platelet destruction rate, which equals production rate in the stationary state, in active PV far exceeds the range found in control subjects, (3) platelet production rate remains unchanged after phlebotomy, (4) platelet recovery, which gives an indirect estimation of the size of the exchangeable splenic‐platelet pool, is not affected by increased blood volume and red‐cell mass, but is affected by the size of the spleen.
Leucopoietic Properties of Four Different Androgenic Hormones in Irradiated Rats
Authors: Horn Y.
Published: August 2010

The bone marrow of irradiated rats was used to study the leucopoietic properties of 4 androgenic hormones; nortestosterone (Durabolin®), hedydroisoandrosterone (DHA), testosterone propionate and fluoxymesterone.

Data were analysed to compare results in both sexes, various dosages of the hormones and differences between prophylactic and therapeutic treatment.

According to the results, it was concluded that the androgenicity or anabolic property of a given hormone plays a role in its leucopoietic effect which is sex and dose dependant.
Two Types of Human Erythrocytes Demonstrated by Different Dye Uptake
Authors: Bjerrum Ole J. , Johnsen Svend G.
Published: August 2010

In testicular biopsies two types of human erythrocytes were discovered as a result of different dye uptake after staining with iron alun, haematoxylin, picric acid, acid Fuchsin, Ponceau de Xylidine and Fast Green FCF. The two types were distinctly different, one type stained deep purple, the other pale bluishgrey or brownish. The distribution of the purple erythrocytes in venules, arterioles and capillaries was random. Two types of erythrocytes were also demonstrated in clots. In these it was not possible to correlate the dye uptake either with the O2 or the CO content of the erythrocytes or with pH of the blood or with the age of erythrocytes. The differentiation of the erythrocytes in two types was caused by a combined effect of acid Fuchsin, Ponceau de Xylidine and Fast Green FCF which together presumably form a new complex dye in the tissue.
Thrombocytopenia in Rabbits Induced by Heparin, Protamine, and Polybrene
Authors: Eika C. , Godal H. C.
Published: August 2010

Injection into rabbits of heparin or one of the heparin‐neutralizing substances protamine and polybrene induced a rapid, transient fall in the number of platelets, without affecting the fibrinogen levels. The lowest platelet counts in the different animals ranged from 4 % to 52 % of the preinjection values. A few seconds after the injection, platelet aggregates were observed in the blood samples. Later the aggregates disappeared, but smaller aggregates reappeared when the platelet count began to rise. Marked pulmonary symptoms in many animals indicated trapping of platelet aggregates in the pulmonary vascular bed. Some possible reasons for the conflicting reports concerning the effect of heparin on platelets in vivo are discussed.
Congenital Sideroblastic Anaemia in a Girl
Authors: Seip Martin , Gjessing Leiv R. , Lie Sverre O.
Published: August 2010

A girl with severe, sideroblastic, ‘dimorphic’ anaemia, probably present since birth, is reported. She has extremely low erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels and low erythrocyte coproporphyrin levels. Porphyrin synthesis from ALA proceeds normally in haemolysates from her red cells in vitro. No ALA could be demonstrated in plasma or red cells using an amino acid analyser (normal finding). Glutamic acid and glycine levels in erythrocytes were elevated.

In contrast to the more common sex‐linked form of congenital sideroblastic anaemia, which is thought to be caused by a partial block in conversion of coproporphyrin to protoporphyrin, the metabolic defect in our patient seems to be in some step in haeme synthesis prior to ALA, perhaps an ALA‐synthetase deficiency. Four similar cases in females have been traced in the literature. The mode of inheritance of this disease is unknown.
Oral Iron with Succinic Acid in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Authors: Hallberg Leif , Norrby Anders , Sölvell Lennart
Published: August 2010

The iron absorption from ferrous sulphate tablets with and without succinic acid was studied during the first month of treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. The studies were made in volunteers made anaemic and iron depleted by repeated phlebotomies. The two kinds of tablets labelled with different radioiron isotopes were given on alternate days and the absorption was measured by a combined use of a whole body counter and a double radioiron technique. In 4 subjects the absorption was studied during the first 20 days of treatment and the average absorption was 20.9 and 13.5% of the 222 mg of iron administered daily when given with and without succinic acid respectively.

In 4 other subjects the absorption was studied during two periods — day 1—10 and day 21–30. In the first period similar results were found as in the study day 1–20. The absorption day 21–30, however, was considerably lower. There was still, however, an absorption promoting effect of succinic acid of about the same magnitude. A calculation showed that the period of treatment needed to achieve the same total amount of iron absorbed can be expected to be much longer with ferrous sulphate alone due to the marked influence of the absorption promotor during the first 3 weeks of treatment when the absorption is markedly increased. The fact that in all periods studied more iron was absorbed than was used for haemoglobin formation thus indicates that iron stores start to be formed early and before the haemoglobin mass is restituted under the conditions studied.
Isolation and Characterization of RNA from Lymphocytes of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Deutsch A. , Nordé Å.
Published: August 2010

RNA was isolated from lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia under conditions previously shown (Cline 1966a) to result in undegraded RNA. At the same time, responsiveness of the lymphocytes to PHA was measured by determination of the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine in culture. The isolated RNA was characterized by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, gel chromatography on 2% agarose, electrophoresis on mixed polyacrylamide‐agarose gels, and fractionation with 3 M NaCl. RNA isolated from leukaemic lymphocytes unresponsive to phytohaemagglutinin showed a pattern identical to that obtained from normal lymphocytes and liver. RNA preparations from leukaemic lymphocytes responsive to phytohaemagglutinin gave a diverging pattern, characterized by the presence of large amounts of relatively low molecular or polydisperse RNA. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes not responsive to phytohaemagglutinin gave, in analogy to normal lymphocytes and liver, 28s + 18s rRNA in amounts corresponding to 75 to 85% of total extractable RNA, whereas leukaemic lymphocytes responsive to phytohaemagglutinin yielded only 40–60% of the total extractable RNA in the form of 28s + 18s RNA.
Iron Deficiency Activating Latent Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: Fogelman Alan M. , Goldberg Leonard S. , Lang J. Eugene , Brown James W.
Published: August 2010

A 48‐year‐old woman developed anaemia with evidence of both iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies. These deficits were corrected following treatment with ferrous sulfate and ascorbic acid. Subsequently, she was found to have latent pernicious anaemia. It is suggested that iron deficiency may play a role in the development of vitamin B12 deficiency in certain patients with latent pernicious anaemia.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes in Blood Platelets
Authors: Ts'ao Chung‐hsin
Published: August 2010

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and free ribosomes were rarely present in blood platelets of normal rabbits or human subjects. After thrombin infusion or bleeding, rabbits became thrombocytopenic and the relative number of platelets containing RER and polyribosomes was considerably increased. The presence of RER in isolated platelets provides a morphological basis for protein synthesis. The increase in ribo‐some‐containing platelets after induction of thrombocytopenia suggests that these elements are derived from young megakaryocytes.
Platelet Aggregation in Washed Suspensions
Authors: Cronberg S. , Caen J. P.
Published: August 2010

Platelets were prepared from blood taken in EDTA. They were washed twice and resuspended in Tris buffer. To preserve their aggregability, they had to be kept at a temperature of 0–4° C and at a pH of 7.4. Because of a small content of spontaneously released ADP, magnesium and calcium alone induced some aggregation, especially at 23° C, and this was potentiated by human fibrinogen. Calcium produced more rapid aggregation than magnesium. Addition of ADP, adrenaline, or collagen induced marked aggregation. The method used was found useful in the investigation of platelet function, particularly in cases where plasma changes otherwise disturbed the aggregation.
Cytogenetic and Growth Characteristics of Human Lymphocytes Derived from Stored Donor Blood Packs
Authors: Turner J. Howard , Hutchinson Donald L. , Petricciani John
Published: August 2010

Observations of the persistence of donor lymphocytes following fetal transfusion and concern regarding the relationship of these cells to the post‐transfusion health status of the recipient has stimulated a study of the cytogenetic characteristics of human lymphocytes derived from prepared packs of red blood cells. Virtually all (98.4 %) donor packs studied possessed mitotically competent cells which were suitable for chromosome counting and karyotype analysis. The number of viable cells diminished as a function of storage time as did the mitotic index. The incidence of both chromosome‐type and chromatid‐type aberrations were observed to increase significantly with increasing storage time. A comparative study of glass and plastic blood storage systems showed no statistically significant age‐aberration type differences.