bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation of quadrocopters by radar with long-term coherent signal accumulation
Authors: Lavrov A.А. , Antonov I.К. , Kasaikin A.А. , Ovchinnikov V.G. , Ogorodnikov M.S.
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the experimentally obtained characteristics of radar signals reflected from small-sized aerial targets such as a quadrocopter, with their long-term coherent accumulation. A brief description of the structural diagram of the experimental radar and its characteristics is given. The radar operates in the ten-centimeter wavelength range and emits a coherent-pulse signal. The duration of the emitted chirp pulse is 1 μs with a compression ratio of 15. Algorithms for primary processing of signals in a computer are given, including compression of chirp signals and spectral analysis of the received implementation, which is equivalent to its coherent accumulation. The parameters of the generated radar image are determined. The characteristics of the targets used - the small-sized quadcopters Mavic and Phoenix – are given. As a result of the experiments, it was shown that the tested small-sized air targets in the ten-centimeter wavelength range of the probing signal have their own coherence time sufficient for the coherent accumulation of the signal reflected from them for a time of at least 0.2 seconds. The Mavic does not produce reflections from its rotating rotors. The main rotor of the Phoenix quadcopter creates spectral components in the image, concentrated along the speed axis in the form of maxima symmetrically located relative to the central mark of the target. The presence of this feature of the signal allows you to identify the type of target, highlight the target against the background of birds, and detect a stationary, hovering target. It is shown that the features of signals reflected from the ground, with long-term coherent accumulation, allow providing the minimum speed of the detected target, measured in fractions of a meter per second.
Calculation trajectories of stealthy movement of aircraft to a specified point in detection zone of onboard Doppler radar
Authors: Kirsanov A.P.
Published: November 2021

An onboard radar operating in the impulse–Doppler mode has the characteristic features of the detection zone. The feature lies in the fact that at every point of the detection zone an aircraft has a sector of directions such as the onboard Doppler radar will not detect it as long as it moves in these directions. This sector is called the sector of invisible motion directions of the aircraft. Because of these features, there are such trajectories that aircraft flying along them are not detected by an onboard Doppler radar, such as an AWACS radar. The article proposes a method for planning stealthy trajectories between two given points in the Doppler radar coverage area. Trajectories are selected from a parametric family of elliptical stealthy trajectories, which are ellipses in the AWACS-associated moving coordinate system. An equation is found for the characteristic parameter of the ellipse, the solution of which allows us to uniquely identify the stealthy trajectory between two given points. The conditions for the existence of stealthy trajectories passing through specified points are investigated.
Synthesis of an algorithm for increasing the detection range of signals from radio-electronic means by means of radio control based on the estimated-correlation-compensation processing of signals with an unknown shape and additive noise in the receiving channel
Authors: Boldyrev А.А. , Buben’shikov А.А. , Boldyrev D.I.
Published: November 2021

In modern conditions of rapid development of telecommunication technologies radio engineering means of different function are used everywhere in all spheres of ability to live of the person. Thus organizational-technical systems of civil appointment and power departments use the wide nomenclature of radio-electronic means of various classes with a wide spectrum of parameters, kinds of radiations and operating modes. In turn, it causes formation of difficult electromagnetic conditions in administrative-industrial regions and their near environment. The primary goal of services of radio control in these conditions is control over correctness of use by organizational-technical systems of the allocated resource of a radiofrequency spectrum and the parameters radiating of radio-electronic means. One of the main difficulties with which means of radio control in the course of the analysis of electromagnetic conditions in the set territorial area face a considerable quantity of radiating radio-electronic means with various parameters in a wide range of the relation a signal/noise, and also presence of stirring influence of any hindrances is. These factors make rigid demands to indicators of quality of functioning of panoramic detectors-direction finders which make a basis of mobile and stationary means of radio control. One of the basic indicators of quality of panoramic detectors-direction finders of means of radio control is range of detection of the radio-electronic means, defined by the set level of sensitivity and demanded values of probabilities of detection and a false alarm. Authors in article result results of working out of algorithm of increase of range of detection of signals by means of radio control on the basis of an estimated-correlation-compensatory way of measurement and indemnification of average capacity of additive hindrances in the reception channel. By results of the researches spent in article it is shown that: the increase in average capacity of cumulative external inadvertent and deliberate hindrances for the set typical initial data leads in VHF a range to reduction of range of detection of radio-electronic means not less, than in 1,4 times from the demanded; at demanded value of probability of detection, for example, and probabilities of a false alarm, at relative level of external set of a hindrance the panoramic detectors-direction finder of means of radio control with the realised procedure of measurement and indemnification of average value of capacity (dispersion) of inadvertent, deliberate hindrances and internal noise allows to lower the requirement to the threshold relation a signal/(noise) (on pressure) more, than in 1,3 times that will allow to approach value of range of detection to a reference value.
Microwave hologram reconstruction for cylindrical geometry
Authors: Razevig V.V. , Ivashov A.I. , Bugaev A.S.
Published: November 2021

Microwave imaging is a technique for evaluation of hidden or embedded objects in an optically opaque structure (or media) using electromagnetic waves in microwave regime. The result of the study is a microwave image of the internal structure of the investigated object, which is built by reconstructing the electromagnetic field scattered by the object (microwave hologram), recorded using some radar system at some aperture. Along with the widespread flat aperture, a cylindrical aperture is often used in personnel screening systems, microwave system for automated body measurement for apparel fitting, and medical tomographic scanners. Cylindrical geometry requires special holograms reconstruction methods. The work is dedicated to comparison of three hologram reconstruction methods: №1 – back projection, №2 – back propagation and №3 – Gauss–Newton, and identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each method. All methods were adopted to cylindrical geometry, software implemented using Python programming language and compared. Comparison was performed by reconstruction of microwave holograms of the same objects. Microwave holograms for comparison were calculated in accordance with the principles of physical optics for point scatterers and using the computational electromagnetics software product FEKO for solid objects. Comparison criteria were: speed of calculations, quality of obtained microwave images, required random access memory (RAM) of the computer. Based on the results of numerical experiments, the following conclusions can be made. For both point and solid objects, all methods have showed a similar quality of the obtained microwave images, the difference turned out to be minimal both in visual and numerical estimation. The advantage of method №1 is the simplicity of its software implementation. In addition, using the first method, you can easily do reconstruction for any area (line, surface, volume), the position of which can be arbitrary in relation to the positions of the samples of the radar signal. Method №2 is the fastest method. With the parameters considered in the article, it is two orders of magnitude faster than method №1, and its performance can be easily increased by parallelizing calculations for different radii. Among the shortcomings, one can note the complexity of its software implementation and the dependence of the position and size of the reconstructed area on the location and number of samples of the radar signal. A significant drawback of method №3 is its high requirements to the RAM of the computer, as well as low speed of calculations. When processing microwave holograms with a large number of samples, calculations may require more memory than is installed in the computer, and the calculation time will increase many times due to the continuous exchange of data with the hard disk, or it will be impossible to do the calculations at all.
Use of graphics processors to cardinally acceleration the calculation procedure of large subaperture active phased antenna arrays radiation pattern
Authors: Petrov A.S. , Chikov V.A.
Published: November 2021

For traditional APAA with a rectangular and triangular grid of nodes, in which partial emitters are installed, simple analytical formulas are known that express the dependence of the array radiation pattern (ARP) on the angular coordinates. If the grid of nodes is irregular, or in a regular grid there are failures of individual digits in the control elements (phase shifters, attenuators, delay lines) or in power amplifiers, then these formulas are not applicable. Therefore, it is necessary to address to general relations of additive summation of the specific contribution to the ARP of the field generated by each emitter separately. In large arrays, their number can range from several to many tens or even hundreds of thousands. Further, if it is necessary to synthesize a given type of array RP, it is necessary to form special types of the amplitude-phase distribution of the signal on the emitters. The procedures for synthesizing such distributions require hundreds or even thousands of repeated calculations of the array RP, which may require several million angular points to analyze in the upper hemisphere of radiation. The article shows that using parallel computing with the help of programming technology on graphics processors (GPU), produced by NVIDIA and CUDA technology in a system designed to quickly create high-performance codes in the extended C language, C++ is able to speed up the calculations of the large antenna ARP by 2…3 orders of magnitude, even on standard office computers. When using modern CPUs (AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 3995 WX) and GPU (NVIDIA GeForce 3090), the acceleration in calculations can additionally increase by hundreds of times. At such computing speeds, even the problems of antenna synthesis and statistical analysis of the characteristics of the array RP will be solved almost in real time. An example of a statistical estimation of the ARP parameters of a large subaperture array with 1280 emitters, used in the COSMOSkyMed system, when random failures of the inverse type occur in the phase shifter digits. The use of graphics processors allows us to solve problems such as the synthesis of an array RP having a prescribed shape, and the statistical analysis of the characteristics of the array in the event of various failure options in its elements, as well as mechanical distortions of the aperture shape, in almost real time.
Statistical models of fading signals propagated through the ionospheric satellite channels
Authors: Batanov V.V. , Nazarov L.E.
Published: November 2021

Statistical models of satellite ionospheric radio channels are considered in the article, the influence of which causes fading of signals during their propagation (amplitude and phase variations of signals) due to random temporal and spatial fluctuations of the electron density of ionospheric irregularities. These models are based on the use of empirical laws regarding the densities of the amplitudes and phases of digital signals from the output of signal demodulators. A technique for estimating the probability of erroneous reception of digital signals with phase shift keying using the considered fading models is presented. Estimates of energy losses end errorperformance degradation during propagation along ionospheric satellite radio channels with scintillation index parameters typical for the P- and L-frequency bands, with respect to propagation in free space, have been made.
Newest effects of using metamaterials
Authors: Koltzov Yu.V.
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to unique structures – metamaterials – fantastic opportunities which allowed experimentally identify the newest effects of their application. Considered in detail the most interesting effects using metamaterials and manufactured devices based on them in a wide variety of environments (in air and water) and frequency ranges (electricity and sound, light and infrared radiation, etc.). A large number of newest effects with a detailed description of their features allow us to talk about the widespread use of metamaterials in technology to replace traditional bulky and heavy devices with new flat, lightweight and miniature devices as well as the development of fundamentally new devices. Metamaterials are able to fine tune and control the propagation of electromagnetic, optical and acoustic waves, they have mechanical applications. Consideration of the newest meta-effects makes it possible take a fresh look at the practical use of metamaterials as well as stimulates the emergence of more advanced technologies and new ideas for the use of metamaterials which, with a huge variety of possibilities, are able in practice, for example, to completely repeat the work of living organisms. Experiments in recent years show that metamaterials can be configured in such a way that they begin to interact not only with light and thermal, X-ray or ultraviolet radiation but also with a magnetic field as well as generate curious quantum effects. The newest experiments create the basis for large-scale industrial production of various devices based on metamaterials.
Performance characteristics of acoustic direction finders of localized broadband signal sources
Authors: Khokhlov V.K. , Likhoedenko A.K.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we substantiate main performance characteristics of the regression algorithm of a two-channel direction finder of localized sources of broadband signal against the background of interference distributed in space, invariant to radiated power and supply voltage. We analyze mutual statistical characteristics of broadband signals in a two-channel direction finder. Based on the method of canonical decomposition in complex form, we show the cross-correlation function of processes at the outputs of direction finder antennas when operating on a localized signal source against the background of interference distributed in space. For invariance of performance characteristics, we consider the application of sign transformation to signals and analyze the dependence of a cross-correlation function of the input signals after the sign transformation at different signal-to-noise ratios. We show the formation of a directivity pattern in a correlation direction finder with signal-to-noise ratio more than 1. For direction-finding of localized signal source, we substantiated a regression algorithm with discrete-analog signal processing, where sign processing based on standard digital hardware components is used. The invariance of the algorithm to supply voltage is shown by representing Boolean functions as expressions of conjunction, disjunction, and negation. The regression algorithm is substantiated in the time domain. We obtain the expressions for mean and variance of the calculated statistics for direction-finding of localized signal source against the background of interference distributed in space. We show the possibility of formation of a directivity pattern with completely suppressed side lobes. The algorithm functions at signalto-noise ratios up to 1. The algorithms can be used in passive acoustic and hydroacoustic direction finders, as well as direction finders with ultra-wideband signals with computer-based signal processing.
Signal processing by adaptive antenna arrays
Authors: Abyshev S.V.
Published: November 2021

This article outlines the basic theory of adaptive antenna arrays. The basic elements of an adaptive antenna array such as a diagramforming device and an adaptive processor are presented. The task of the adaptive processor is to control the diagram forming device, which provides the required processing of the input observation based on the available a priori information on the signal-interference environment. When such information is insufficient, the adaptive processor must have the ability to automatically adjust to the receiving conditions. In other words, the adaptive processor must implement some adaptation algorithm based on the initial data bank and the signal processing efficiency criterion. To quantitatively evaluate the performance of adaptive antenna arrays when receiving a useful signal, one of the ways of quality indicator has been considered: the RMS value of the deviation of the useful signal from the reference.
Method for constructing distributed system components for calculating the stationary mode of an electronic schematic representation of microservices with a full-duplex communication channel
Authors: Gridin V.N. , Anisimov V.I. , Vasiliev S.A.
Published: November 2021

The joint use of a microservice architecture and a full-duplex WebSocket data transfer protocol for building components of a circuit design automation system is considered. Comparison of the organization of API based on the REST approach and using the WebSocket technology is made. The technique of horizontal scaling in systems with microservice architecture and full-duplex communication channels is determined. The advantages of using the WebSocket protocol for the interaction of distributed system components, in particular, with client PWA (Progressive Web Apps) applications, are given. The technique of creating a software implementation of the client and server components based on the full-duplex WebSocket protocol is considered. The technique of mathematical description of multi-pole components is considered. An algorithm for solving the problem of modeling a stationary mode of nonlinear circuits is described.
Space-time processing for «range – azimuth – elevation» measurements in non-cooperative systems of radars with phased array antennas
Authors: Chapursky V.V. , Filatov A.A. , Koroteev D.E.
Published: November 2021

The methods of measuring the three coordinates of an aircraft in the takeoff and landing mode on the runway of airfields based on the use of non - cooperative two-and three-position systems of radars with phased array antennas are considered. For these variants, general analytical expressions are obtained for the complex generalized correlation integral of space – time processing in the function of spatial coordinates, taking into account the individual directional pattern of phased array antennas. On the basis of two – dimensional profiles of the correlation integral modules «range – elevation» and «azimuth – elevation», examples of comparing particular variants of two-position and three-position systems of radars with their location on one straight line parallel runway are given. In conditions of large signal-to-noise ratios, power-law nonlinear transformations of the correlation integral correlation integral module are applied to reduce the level of side lobes in the two – dimensional sections «range – elevation» and «azimuth – elevation». The following results are obtained using examples. Two-dimensional diagrams of the correlation integral module «range – elevation» do not depend on the azimuth of the aircraft in the range of azimuth values β=0…10 ̊ and correctly display the angle of elevation and the range of the aircraft when 2…3 radars of a non-cooperative system are located on the straight line parallel runway. The two-dimensional diagrams of the correlation integral module «azimuth – elevation angle» have an interference structure, and the number and level of their side lobes increase with increasing azimuth of the aircraft. With azimuth β≥10 ̊, this can lead to ambiguity in the measurement of the azimuth and uncertainty in the elevation angle . One of the measures to reduce the side level of the diagrams of the correlation integral module can be the use of a power-law transformation of normalized diagrams exponentiation of degree 3...4. An increase in the number of radars from two to three when they are located on one straight line parallel to the runway led to a decrease in the side lobes level of the «range – elevation angle» and «azimuth – elevation angle» diagrams. In this case, it may be advisable to solve the problem of optimal choice of the position of the intermediate radar on the same straight line. Calculations were also carried out for an additional example of the location of the intermediate radar of a 3-position system with its removal from the base line. At the same time, there was an increase of the side lobes level in the «azimuth – elevation angle» sections, which in the future may require additional research in terms of optimizing the placement of the radars in horizontal plane for such a radar systems.
Transversus abdominis plane block by landmark technique with ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing lower segment caesarean section deliveries
Authors: Chavan Aishwarya M , Acharya Geetha R , Kale Jyoti V , Dabral Nidhi R
Published: November 2021

Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block is an efficacious abdominal field block which is widely used component of multimodal analgesia.

Compare the efficacy of Inj. Ropivacaine 0.2% and Inj. Bupivacaine 0.2% when used in TAP block for post-operative analgesia in lower segment caesarean section deliveries(LSCS) done under spinal anaesthesia.

Randomized double blinded prospective study conducted after institutional ethics committee in our institute.

We have recruited sixty patients scheduled for an elective LSCS which were enrolled into two groups to receive TAP block with bupivacaine 0.2% 15ml Group B (n=30) versus ropivacaine 0.2% 15ml Group R (n=30) + dexamethasone 2mg bilaterally. TAP block was administered on completion of surgery. Primary objective was to compare time to rescue analgesia in postoperative period. Secondary Objectives wereto compare hemodynamic response during postoperative period, measure the intensity of pain using visual analogue scale (VAS), number of analgesic doses in first 24 hours, patient satisfaction with pain management and complications if any.

SPSS software 16 version.

Time for rescue analgesia was shorter in Group B (6.7 hour) than in Group R (9.47 hour) (p = 0.00). VAS was lower in Group R. Higher dose of analgesics was required in Group B (p=0.008). All this led to higher patient satisfaction score in Group R.

This study concludes that 0.2% ropivacaine provided a longer duration of analgesia compared to 0.2% bupivacaine when used in TAP block for post-operative analgesia in LSCS deliveries.
Agencias reguladoras ante la innovación en el sector eléctrico en Latinoamérica: medición de las herramientas de gobernanza para la adaptabilidad con credibilidad
Authors: Sanin Maria Eugenia , Carvalho Metanias Hallack Michelle
Published: November 2021

El sector eléctrico se enfrenta a grandes cambios de innovación y uso de tecnologías en los procesos de todo el sistema eléctrico, desencadenados por la conocida Industria 4.0 que están generando la digitalización y automatización de los procesos. Además, la transición energética a la que está confrontada el sector impone cambios drásticos en términos de fuentes de generación y su escala de producción, servicios prestados y modelos de negocio, agentes participando en el sector que se multiplican y alteran además sus funciones tradicionales, entre otros muchos cambios. Estos cambios transforman el balance de fuerzas en el sector eléctrico por lo que una buena gobernanza, si ya era importante, ahora se torna medular. Este documento analiza la gobernanza regulatoria, pero bajo la lupa de las necesidades que imponen estos cambios y, como resultado, se incluye nuevas dimensiones del concepto tradicional de gobernanza del Regulador. En una segunda instancia se analiza la adaptabilidad del regulador y de la regulación en sí misma. Ya no basta optimizar la regulación para el presente inmediato sino encontrar una forma de perfeccionar la trayectoria de la regulación, para que sea capaz de hacer frente a los múltiples cambios a los que estará confrontada. Como resultado de la analisis se puede afirmar que (i) la mayoría de los 10 Reguladores estudiados se están adaptando a la introducción de nuevas tecnologías; (ii) los países más avanzados en dicha adaptación empezarán a aplicar los criterios claves señalados en las mejores prácticas internacionales para la regulación en un contexto de continua innovación; (iii) sin lugar a dudas una mejor gobernanza regulatoria en general está positivamente correlacionada tanto con una mayor adaptabilidad regulatoria de la agencia en sí como, más concretamente, con un índice de adopción de nuevas tecnologías más alto.
Uso de una mezcla dioxane/MeOH/NaBH4 en caliente como un medio conveniente para la reducción química selectiva del doble enlace C=C en sistemas α,β-insaturados
Authors: Abonia Rodrigo , García Andres C.
Published: November 2021

Productos de Knoevenagel diversamente sustituidos fueron sometidos a reducción con una solución de NaBH4 en MeOH/p-dioxano a 70 oC. A través de este proceso, se alcanzó la reducción selectiva de sus dobles enlaces C=C en todos los casos. Las condiciones de reducción establecidas toleró una variedad de grupos funcionales, aunque productos simples de condensación aldólica o de Claisen- Schmidt mostraron menos selectividad hacia la reducción del doble enlace C=C, y por el contrario, condujo específicamente a la reducción de los grupos C=O. Adicionalmente, la selectividad de nuestras condiciones de reducción mediadas por NaBH4 fue comparada con la clásica hidrogenación catalítica mediada por Raney-Nickel para encontrar algunas similitudes y diferencias. Así mismo, se propuso una secuencia de pasos mecanísticos, con el fin de intentar explicar el proceso de reducción selectiva mediada por NaBH4.
ENGLISH TEACHER EDUCATION IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Kovacikova Elena , Pechociak Tomas
Published: November 2021

The paper sheds light on the university preparation of future English teachers in Slovakia. Since the requirements for becoming an English teacher differ around the world, the first part of the paper describes and explains the requirements and career development of English teachers in Slovakia. Twelve Slovak faculties provide university preparation of future English teachers, and this research analyses their curricular offer. The courses offered to future English teachers are firstly categorized into linguistic, intercultural, methodological, and literary groups. As teaching practice becomes an essential part of the teacher preparation, the hours devoted to the teaching practice were counted at each institution. The tables and graphs show the sums of the courses and allocated hours. Thus, this paper brings an overview, comparison, and differences in the university preparation of future English teachers in Slovakia. Even though this survey shows only a quantitative point, this research results can be considered as one of the quality indicators in the university preparation of future English teachers in Slovakia
Trends of Computed Tomography Scan Usage among Adults and Children in Yazd Province, Iran, before the Outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Perota Ghazale , Masjedi Hamidreza , Zamani Hamed , Dalvand Saman , Omidi Reza , Razavi Elham , Rahbar Shiva , Zare Mohammad Hossein
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Excessive use of Computed Tomography (CT) has become a worrying issue due to the potential risks resulting from radiation exposure. This study was carried out to investigate trends in CT usage in Yazd Province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In the current study, patients were categorized according to their sex and age into two general groups, pediatrics (<18 years old) and adults (≥18 years old), each group falling into multiple subcategories. The performed CT scans were classified into six categories, based on the anatomical area of interest, including head/neck, chest, spine, abdomen-pelvis, extremities, and CT angiography (CTA). The data were collected from 2015 to 2018.
Results: The mean number of CT scans increased by the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11%. Across the procedures, head/neck (with an average contribution of 52% to all CT scans) was the most frequently examined region, whereas CTA had the lowest percentage (2%). More than half of the scans are performed on people over the age of 90, and among those aged<18 years old the most CT scan rates are related to 13-18-year-olds.
Conclusion: The number of CT examinations is clearly increasing in Yazd Province. Some of this increase may be warranted because of the improvements in the diagnostic power of CT. The estimated number of pediatric CT scans has risen more than past. Due to the risk of cancer, efforts should be made to reduce unnecessary CT scans.
Potentials of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Enhancing Nodulation of Bradyrhizobium daqingense and Yield in Soybean
Authors: Kale Nakul , Ashwini M. , Jahagirdar Shamarao , Shirnalli Geeta
Published: November 2021

Background: The ferments of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used since decades in agricultural practice to control diseases, to promote plant growth and also to improve soils. However the functional roles of LAB in phytomicrobiome need to be discovered, which would result in understanding of the symbiotic relationship between LAB and plants and that could be exploited to improve agricultural production. Methods: In this study, the scientific investigation was carried out for pot culture evaluation of six efficient LAB isolates from soybean rhizosphere, on nodulation and yield of soybean in green house condition, which were proven positive for IAA and GA production and PGPR traits. Result: Among the eight different treatment combination with Bradyrhizobium daqingense the treatment which received consortium of all six LAB isolates had significant impact on plant growth characters viz. plant height, root length, number of branches and chlorophyll content at 30 and 60 DAS. The LAB consortia also showed significantly high nodule number (47.67), nodule dry weight (117 mg plant-1) and leg haemoglobin content (6.27 mg g-1 fresh nodule) at 30 DAS. The yield and yield related traits was also highest in consortium treated plants. The property of plant to produce more nodules and healthy root growth can be attributed to IAA producing ability of inoculated LAB isolates.
Performance of Different Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) based Intercropping Systems with Millets under Rainfed Condition of Odisha
Authors: Lenka S. , Swain S.K. , Pradhan K.C.
Published: November 2021

Background: Groundnut as a sole crop is affected by adverse weather conditions coupled with damage by insect, pest and disease, results in economic losses and in extreme cases complete failure of the crop. Intercropping is one of the important cropping systems recommended to mitigate the aberrant climatic conditions with an aim to increase total productivity per unit area. The present study was done to assess the effect of different millet based intercropping system on growth and yield of groundnut under rainfed condition. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2018 and 2019 at Agricultural Research Farm of All India Coordinated Research Project on Groundnut, OUAT, Bhubaneswar on mixed red and black medium soil. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. It consisted of ten treatments comprising of groundnut with three millets viz., finger millet, little millet and foxtail millet. Millets were intercropped with groundnut in the replacement series of 4:2 and 2:1 row proportion along with mono-cropped millets and groundnut. Result: Significantly higher no. branches/plant (5.2), leaflet/no. plant (79.33) and dry matter accumulation (25.77g/plant) was recorded in groundnut + finger millet (2:1) whereas, sole groundnut incurred significantly higher pod no/plant (16.5), 100 kernel weight (37.2 g), shelling% (77.8), pod yield (1736 kg/ha) and haulm yield (3613 kg/ha) over all other intercropping systems. Further, groundnut pod equivalent yield (GPEY), land equivalent ratio (LER), area time equivalent ratio (ATER) and economics were higher in 2:1 row ratio of groundnut + finger millet compared to any of the sole and intercropping systems. The competition ratio and aggressivity of little millet was greater than that of other millets. So, it was most dominant crop over groundnut compared to other millets in the intercropping systems.
Professional competence development when teaching computational informatics.
Authors: Revshenova Makhabbat , Bidaibekov Esen , Kornilov Victor , Kamalova Guldina , Shekerbekova Shirinkyz , Gulzhanff Seitbekova , Sabrayev Kanat
Published: November 2021

Bachelors and graduate students are offered in the course of teaching computational informatics, the ability to solve non-standard mathematical problems, which, as a rule, are not included in the content of teaching computational informatics. The article aimed to analyze the application effectiveness of non-standard mathematical problems in the course of teaching computational informatics, elaboration of constructive computational solution algorithms of inverse problems for differential equations, during which the bachelors and graduate students develop own professional competencies. The research conducted a review of previous literature on the topic. Formulation of the inverse problem for differential equations for the investigation of which the computational mathematics finite difference methods are applied, is presented. In the course of investigation, it was revealed that at elaborating the constructive computational algorithms of its solution, the bachelors and graduate students develop not only fundamental knowledge in the field of applied and computational mathematics, computational informatics methods, but also develop the professional competences, including computational thinking.

Key words: professional competence; computational informatics; computational mathematics methods; non-standard.
Teaching Kazakh novels with electronic book applications; Teacher and student opinions
Authors: Naimanbaev Almas , Satemirova Darikha A. , Alpysbay Tamaev , Rakhat Salamatova , Abdigazievich Baltabay , Nazarova Aliya
Published: November 2021

Changes in the understanding of Education have led to the emergence of new approaches to teaching, strategies for teaching teachers, tools, methods and techniques. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preparation of Kazakh novels for a book with electronic additions from the point of view of teachers and students. This study is based on high-quality research models, real scientific models. To collect data, the researcher created a semi-structured type of interview with the teacher and a semi-structured type of interview with the student. Study participants include 25 literature teachers from Almaty and Kazakhstan secondary schools and 122 students from various secondary schools. The study was conducted in the 2020-2021 academic year. As a result of the study, part of reading Kazakh novels in print or electronic form was evaluated, and it was noted that the teacher likes printed stories. The results of students ' responses also show that reading printed Kazakh stories is higher than reading electronic Kazakh teaching.

 

Keywords: e-book; Kazakh stories; myth; Kazakh mythology; memories of students; memories of teachers.
Avaliação da Resina Epóxi Aplicada em Revestimento para Tubulações Aço-Carbono Expostos em Água Produzida na Produção de Petróleo
Authors: Azevedo Joyce , Piper Helmut , D. V. Barbosa Josiane , S. M. Cardoso Pollyana
Published: November 2021

Dutos de transporte utilizados por petroquímicas apresentam problemas de corrosão e os revestimentos a base de epóxi são opções para diminuir estes efeitos. Neste trabalho, foram analisadas amostras de revestimentos a base de epóxi em duas formas distintas: pó e componente líquido. A preparação das amostras seguiu a norma ASTM D 4417 e foram submetidas a ensaios de arrancamento e caracterização térmica por Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC) e Termogravimetria (TG). Para aproximar os ensaios da aplicação em campo, foram realizados testes de exposição das amostras em água produzida na produção de petróleo. Os testes em água produzida em petróleo mostraram que os revestimentos não são eficientes neste ambiente. A caracterização térmica indicou que o revestimento na forma em pó apresenta maior estabilidade térmica.
POLITIK PENGUPAHAN DAN RELASI ANTARSTAKEHOLDER DALAM PROSES PENETAPAN UPAH MINIMUM KOTA SURABAYA TAHUN 2016
Authors: Dewanti Reza Putri
Published: November 2021

Disahkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 78 Tahun 2015 tentang Pengupahan menimbulkan permasalahan baru dalam penetapan upah minimum di daerah. Asosiasi pengusaha dan serikat pekerja tampak saling bertentangan dalam menyikapi regulasi baru tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dinamika dari proses penetapan Upah Minimum Kota (UMK) Surabaya Tahun 2016 yang termanifestasikan dalam Peraturan Gubernur No 68 Tahun 2015, serta relasi dari para stakeholder dalam menentukan besaran kenaikan UMK Surabaya untuk tahun 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dimana pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi secara mendalam dengan menggunakan instrumen pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses penetapan Upah Minimum Kota Surabaya untuk tahun 2016 masih diwarnai konflik kepentingan antara asosiasi pengusaha dan serikat pekerja yang ditandai dengan munculnya dua usulan nominatif yang berbeda. Dengan kewenangan yang dimiliki sebagai kepala daerah tingkat provinsi, Gubernur Jawa Timur memutuskan mengambil kebijakan diskresi dengan mempertimbangkan unsur kepentingan berbagai pihak meskipun secara matematis dan dari sisi regulatif menyimpang dari formula baru yang termuat dalam PP 78/2015 tentang Pengupahan. Relasi antarstakeholder dalam proses penetapan cenderung mengarah pada dominasi relasi antara Gubernur Jawa Timur dengan serikat pekerja. Karena keputusan penetapan lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh tekanan aksi demonstrasi yang dilakukan oleh serikat pekerja. Sedangkan relasi pemerintah dengan pengusaha terlihat lebih dekat pada saat proses penangguhan upah
THE CONCEPT OF POLARITY AND CENTRES OF POWER IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors: Wardhani Nuke Faridha
Published: November 2021

This paper explains the concept of polarity and centres of power where the poles are divided into three types in the international system. To be a great power, the states build and maintain their power capability in the system, and that capability is growing in every period, such as the emergence of nuclear power in the Cold War era. Furthermore, the scholars of international relations have different perceptions to determine the poles after the Cold War until this era whether the international system is unipolar or multipolar or even bipolar, as several countries are predicted to be potential great power in the forthcoming years.
Multiple Methods of Monitoring Cats at a Landscape-scale
Authors: Lohr Cheryl , Nilsson Kristen , Johnson Ashleigh , Hamilton Neil , Onus Mike , Algar David
Published: November 2021

Feral cats are both difficult to manage and harder to monitor. We analysed the cost-efficacy of monitoring the pre- and post-bait abundance of feral cats via camera-traps or track counts using four years of data from the Matuwa Indigenous protected Area. Additionally, we report on the recovery of the feral cat population and the efficacy of subsequent Eradicat® aerial baiting programs following 12 months of intensive feral cat control in 2019 that consisted of aerial baiting and leg-hold trapping. Significantly fewer cats were captured in 2020 (n = 8) compared to 2019 (n = 126). Pre-baiting surveys for 2020 and 2021 suggested that the population of feral cats on Matuwa was very low, at 5.5 and 4.4 cats/100 km respectively, which is well below our target threshold of 10 cats/100 km. Post-baiting surveys then recorded 3.6 and 3.0 cats/100 km respectively, which still equates to a 35% and 32% reduction in cat activity. Track counts recorded significantly more feral cats than camera traps and were cheaper to implement. We recommend that at least two methods of monitoring cats be implemented to prevent erroneous conclusions.
Reduction of DC-drift in LiNbO3-based Electro-optical Modulator
Authors: Sosunov Aleksei V. , Ponomarev Roman S. , Zhuravlev Anton A. , Mushinsky Sergey S. , Kuneva Mariana
Published: November 2021

This work involves results of research on short-term and long-term DC-drifts in electro-optical modulators based on annealed proton exchange waveguides in LiNbO3 crystals after wafer pre-annealing. The relaxation time of the DC-drift of the operating point for a short-term drift is minutes, and for a long-term drift, hours and days. DC-drift was measured by applying bias voltage and changing crystal temperature. Obtained results shows significant impact on stability of operating point in EO-modulators after treatment of defective structure of the near-surface layer of a LiNbO3 crystal. Treatment of the disturbed near-surface layer of a LiNbO3 crystal results in twice reduction of short-term DC-drift and increase of operation stability of electro-optical modulators during long-term measurement of temperature by activation energy calculation.
Lead Solubility in the Kırklareli Stream, Turkey
Authors: Kıymaz Sultan , Gülocak Hacer , Bleam William F.
Published: November 2021

The research was conducted in the Kırklareli stream, which flows southwest through the city of the same name toward the village of Kavaklı. The aim of the study is to evaluate water analysis results and assess the potential that the European Union drinking water standard for lead can be achieved in the Kırklareli stream by reliance on the low solubility of lead phosphate minerals. The present study used Visual MINTEQ 3.1 for all water chemistry simulations. The European Union drinking water standard for lead, which is 10 μg L−1, is exceeded at least once and as many as three times at seven of the ten sites during the 2018 sampling season. Although the database solubility of hydroxypyromorphite is exceeded in most samples, it appears this may be the result of major ion substitutions in the hydroxypromorphite that forms in the Kırklareli stream which increases the effective solubility of lead in the stream.
The Strand Specific Regulation of miR-155-3p in Response to Lipopolysaccharide and Interleukin-10 Stimulation Requires FUBP1 Protein
Authors: Yoon Jeff S. J. , Baksh Abdulwadood , Chamberlain Thomas C. , Mui Alice L-F.
Published: November 2021

MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) expression promotes inflammatory responses in macrophages. Activation of macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elevates miR-155, while the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL10) reduces miR-155 levels. MiR-155 exists in two forms, miR-155-5p and miR-155-3p, produced from the precursor of miR-155 (pre-miR-155). MiR-155-5p is the most abundant strand in activated macrophages, but in response to LPS, the miR-155-3p level is upregulated first, followed by miR-155-5p later. We have previously identified CELF2 protein which interacts with pre-miR-155 and impairs miR-155-5p expression. We now show that CELF2 only regulates the miR-155-5p expression and that another protein FUBP1 controls miR-155-3p levels in response to LPS and IL10.
Toxicity Mechanisms of ZnO Nanoparticles in Nanochloropsis Oculata with a Comparative Approach with CuO and Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Fazelian Nasrin , Mvafeghi Ali , Yousefzadi Morteza
Published: November 2021

The purpose of present work was the investigation of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata and compare the results of this study with previous studies. Dissolution of ZnO NPs in nanopure water was 0.378-3.12 mg/L and the rate solubility decreased with increasing the concentrations of ZnO NPs. ZnO NPs were toxic to this microalga with EC50 of 153/72 mg/L. The toxicity of 200 mg/L ZnO NPs was 59.36% for the cell number, 61.27% for MTT test, and 57.34% for the chlorophyll content. Increase the content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in response to increasing the concentration of ZnO NPs was indicated the induction of oxidative stress in N. oculata. The activity of catalase and lactate dehydrogenase increased in the treated cells, while the activity of ascorbate peroxidase was decreased. Concurrently, an increase in the content of carotenoids and phenolic compounds was observed in the treated cells. SEM and TEM analyses confirmed the aggregation of algal cells, damages in cell membrane and atypical changes in morphology of cell wall after NPs treatments. The FTIR results cofirmed the interaction of ZnO NPs with C-H, C-O and C=O groups on the cell surface. All of these changes were indicated the significant toxic impacts of ZnO NPs on the N. oculata cells. Comparison between the results obtained in previous studies with our results showed that the defensive mechanisms of N. oculata probably was not effective against the oxidative stress by >10 mg/L of ZnO NPs, > 5 mg/L of CuO NPs and > 1 mg/L of Ag NPs. Therefore, N. oculata is sensitive to such concentrations of these NPs.
Bioinspired Lotus Fiber-Based Graphene Electronic Textile For Gas Sensing
Authors: Cheong Da Yeon , Lee Sang Won , Jung Hyo Gi , Roh Seokbeom , Lee Dongtak , Lee Taeha , Lee Saebomeena , Lee Wonseok , Yoon Dae Sung , Lee Gyudo
Published: November 2021

Graphene electronic textiles (e-textiles) have attracted significant attention in various sensing applications owing to their strong advantages. During the fabrication of these textiles, there are factors to consider, such as electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, weight, and applicability in other practical applications. Bioinspired lotus fiber has appropriate advantages to be used as graphene e-textiles, including lightweight (<1 mg), eco-friendliness, crease-resistant, pilling resistance, and flexibility. However, lotus fiber-based graphene e-textiles have not yet been reported. In this study, we developed a reduced graphene oxide‒coated lotus fiber (RGOLF) which was successfully fabricated by the hydrogen interaction between graphene flakes and cellulose fiber. The RGOLF exhibited a higher electrical conductivity (4.63 ± 0.22 μS) and a remarkable sensing performance for hazardous NO2 gas molecules within a short exposure time (~3 min), including a low detection limit (~1 ppm), selectivity, and resistance to relative humidity. Moreover, we verified the mechanical flexibility of RGOLF through a 1,000-cycle bending test. These results suggest that the bioinspired RGOLF could be used as a gas sensor in environmental air with a strong potential for use in various wearable applications.