KERAGAMAN GENETIKA VARIAN ABAKA YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN ETHYLMETHANE SULPHONATE (EMS)
Authors: PURWATI RULLY DYAH , SUDJINDRO SUDJINDRO , KARTINI ENDANG , SUDARSONO SUDARSONO 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK<br />Mutasi in vitro dengan perlakuan mutagen dapat digunakan untuk<br />meningkatkan keragaman genetika abaka melalui keragaman somaklonal.<br />Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk: (1) menentukan konsentrasi<br />optimum EMS untuk induksi keragaman somaklonal dalam kultur kalus<br />embriogen abaka, (2) meregenerasikan bibit abaka varian dari kalus<br />embriogen yang diberi perlakuan EMS, dan (3) mengevaluasi tipe dan<br />frekuensi keragaman karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif di antara populasi<br />tanaman mutan abaka yang diperoleh dari regenerasi kalus embriogen<br />yang diberi perlakuan EMS. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Agustus<br />2003 sampai Agustus 2006 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan Kebun<br />Percobaan Karangploso, Malang pada Balai Penelitian Tanaman<br />Tembakau dan Serat, Malang (Balittas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan<br />bahwa 0,6% EMS merupakan konsentrasi optimum karena pada<br />konsentrasi tersebut diperoleh keragaman somaklonal paling banyak.<br />Varian yang diperoleh menunjukkan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif<br />abnormal. Tipe varian tersebut umumnya bersifat negatif dan kurang<br />menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan populasi standar. Tipe dan frekuensi<br />keragaman kualitatif dan kuantitatif pada klon Tangongon berbeda dengan<br />klon Sangihe-1, mengindikasikan adanya pengaruh genotipe terhadap<br />keragaman somaklonal. Varian dari abaka klon Tangongon dengan<br />produksi serat tertinggi (161,0 g dan 154,0 g/tanaman) diperoleh dari<br />perlakuan EMS 0,3% (T1 28.1.1 dan T1 11.2.2), sedangkan dari klon<br />Sangihe-1, hasil serat tertinggi (35,0 g dan 40,0 g/tanaman) diperoleh dari<br />perlakuan EMS 0,6% (S4 28.1.0 dan S4 56.2.0). Produktivitas tersebut<br />lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan produksi serat tanaman kontrol klon<br />Tangongon (193,0 g/tanaman) dan Sangihe-1 (70 g/tanaman).<br />Kata kunci : Abaka, Musa textilis, keragaman somaklonal, EMS, muta-<br />genesis, in vitro, hasil, Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Genetic Variability of Abaca Variants Induced by<br />Ethylmethane Sulphonate (EMS)<br />In vitro mutation with mutagen treatment can be used to increase<br />the genetic variability of abaca by inducing somaclonal variation. The<br />objectives of the experiments were to (1) determine optimum concen-<br />tration of EMS to induce abaca somaclonal variation, (2) produce abaca<br />lines from EMS treated embryogenic calli and evaluate their performance<br />in the field, and (3) evaluate type and frequency of qualitative and<br />quantitative variant characters among regenerated abaca lines. This<br />experiment was conducted in Tissue Culture Laboratory and Karangploso<br />Experiment Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre Crops Research<br />Institute (ItoFCRI) Malang from August 2003 to August 2006. The results<br />showed that EMS treatment on abaca embryogenic calli induced variation,<br />and the optimum EMS concentration was 0.6%. The variants exhibited a<br />number of abnormal qualitative and quantitative characters which were<br />generally negative characters since they showed lower value as compared<br />to control population. The presence of different types of qualitative and<br />quantitative variant characters was genotype dependent. Variants from<br />abaca clone Tangongon having the highest fibre yield (161.0 g and 154.0<br />g/plant) were obtained from 0.3% EMS treatment (T1 28.1.1 and T1 11.2.2<br />variants). While variants from abaca clone Sangihe-1 having the highest<br />fibre yield (35.0 g and 40.0 g/plant) were obtained from 0.6% EMS<br />treatment (S4 28.1.0 and S4 56.2.0 variants). The fibre yield of control<br />clones, Tangongon and Sangihe-1, were 193.0 g and 70 g/plant,<br />respectively.<br />Key words: Abaca, Musa textilis, induced mutation, somaclonal<br />variation, field evaluation, yield, East Java