bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KONSISTENSI HUKUM WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) MENGENAI PRINSIP MOST FAVORED NATION (MFN) ATAS REGIONALISME DAN PANDANGANNYA TERHADAP ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC)
Authors: Sutanto Marko Cahya
Published: April 2018

In 2015, Indonesia and other ASEAN members have a commitment to establish a single market region, i.e. free flow of goods and service, termed ASEAN Economic Community (hereinafter ‘AEC’). This arrangement is contrary to Most Favored Nation (MFN) principle under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, (hereinafter ‘GATT’). This paper aims to address the said violation according to the WTO/GATT law by analyzing (1) the general obligations and exceptions under the WTO/GATT, (2) regionalism in general and its existence in Southeast Asia, and (3) the interpretation of WTO’s compromise to regionalism. Under the GATT, there is a general obligation for members to treat their trading partners equally and give the same benefits to other members. However, there is an exception to this principle under article XXIV of the GATT, which based on the notion that regional trade agreements are a building block for multilateral openness. Yet, before applying this exception to the case at hand, AEC’s form must be determined. AEC’ has a structure of Free-Trade Area (hereinafter ‘FTA’) with a single market adhere to it, which according to WTO’s database there is one in force at the moment, namely ASEAN Free Trade Area (hereinafter ‘AFTA’). AFTA is not the equivalent to AEC because it covers more than just goods. Thus, the answer to apply the exception to AEC is inconclusive because even though it fits normatively, it does not have the necessary legitimacy.
SIASAT-SIASAT NATURALISME DALAM FILSAFAT HUKUM: SEBUAH KONTRIBUSI FILSAFAT ILMU
Authors: Sebastian Tanius
Published: April 2018

Naturalism is one of the main topics that explore the philosophical discourse. This article intends to discuss the philosophical problems of naturalism in jurisprudence. The argumentations of naturalism have affected the configuration of methodological debate in jurisprudence; between the descriptive approach and the evaluative approach. By reviewing the project of naturalism in metaphysics and epistemology and then scrutinizing how the ideas of naturalism work in jurisprudence, this article will exhibit a contribution of the philosophy of science to the scientific reflection of law. The development of naturalism creates challenges and chances at once for methodological tracing in the philosophy of law.
HAK CIPTA SEBAGAI OBYEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG HAK CIPTA DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 42 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG JAMINAN FIDUSIA
Authors: Merista Ovia
Published: April 2018

This article shall discuss the possibility to utilize copyright as fiduciary security to a loan, in accordance to Law No. 42 of 1999 regarding fiduciary pledge/security and the Copyrights Law (Law No. 28 of 2014). The use of copyrights as a fiduciary security is made possible as copyright owner possess exclusive economic rights and not only moral rights. The procedure to be followed is regulated by Law No. 42 of 1999. The economic value of the copyright, is however, determined by the (potential) utilization of the object. In fact the value is calculated against the copyright holder’s right to remuneration or royalty.

 

Keywords:
copyrights, security to a loan, fiduciary, moral and economic exclusive rights
Sistem Perlindungan Atas Ciptaan Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta Dalam Perspektif Cyber Law
Authors: Sudjana Sudjana
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to discuss, from the perspective of cyber law, the relevant rules and regulation as found in the prevailing law on copyright (Law No. 28 of 2014) and how it provides effective protection to copyright creations. The author shall highlight the most important rules and norms or principles. The discussion shows that a number of rules in the Law No. 28 of 2014 has not been able to fully accommodate the need to respond to new development in virtual technology. A number of issues concerning who enjoy protection, the object being protected, registration system, period of protection, restriction on copyright and its relation to educational interest and scientific research still needs to be regulated in detail.
Prinsip Moral Sebagai Klaim Pada Hak Cipta Dan Hak Untuk Dilupakan (Right To Be Forgotten)
Authors: Pratama Bambang
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this current digital era, the issue how to protect private-personal electronic or digital data creates the need for the recognition of a new legal right (right to be forgotten/right to delete). Legal recognition of this right must be balanced with the duty of internet service provider to control and monitor the dispersion of negative content (resulting in copyright infringements, infringements of the sanctity of personal-private data, etc.).  With the amendment of Law No. 11 of 2008 re. Electronic Information and Transactions, it becomes appropriate to discuss the right to be forgotten in terms of moral principles. The existence of this moral right is reflected in the legal protection of copyright as well as protection of private-personal data.  The main argument here is that moral principle or right as part of natural law should be used to explain the existence and importance of the right to be forgotten.
Tinjauan Atas Kesiapan Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum Dan Perumahan Rakyat Terkait Keikutsertaan Indonesia Dalam Government Procurement Agreement (GPA)
Authors: Hestuleksono Aryo
Published: April 2018

Abstarct
Basically ratification of the GPA for Indonesia is the opening of the Indonesian market (market access) to the entrepreneur/companies from other countries, which means allowing entrepreneur/foreign companies to participate in the process of procurement of goods and services (PBJ) government in Indonesia. Similarly, the reverse with Indonesian companies. The existence of market acess makes the relation between national with international law. This is a reason of  authors are interested to know further the relationship conformity with international law related to the readiness of the national Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) when Indonesia ratified the GPA views of the setting methods for selecting/ auction in the construction sector in national legislation. The method used is a normative juridical research and the purpose of research to give recommendation to the Ministry PUPR particularly regarding setting methods for selecting the procurement of construction services when Indonesia ratified the GPA. If viewed from the side PBJ arrangements in the Government in the field of construction, especially regarding the purpose, principles and method of election of, the results showed that Ministry PUPR not ready when Indonesia ratified the GPA, because there is a difference between setting purpose PBJ contained in Perpres No. 54/2010 and its amendments as well as Permen PU No 07/2010 and amendments that more give protection to national companies, while GPA has the open principle. In addition there are differences about the method of selecting good views of the types/forms (nomenclature) and its meaning. So that when Indonesia will ratify the GPA, the Government and the Ministry PUPR in particular need to make adjustments to the "purpose" of regulation PBJ as contained in the Perpres/Permen PU with "purpose" contained in the GPA. Similarly, adjustments to the forms (nomenclature) and the meaning of the audition method.
Upaya Hukum Terhadap Pelanggaran Hak-Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara Melalui Pengaduan Konstitusional (Constitutional Complaint)
Authors: Purnamasari Galuh Candra
Published: April 2018

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai konsep constitutional complaint sebagai upaya hukum terhadap pelanggaran hak-hak konstitusional warga negara. Dalam perkembangan demokrasi di Indonesia, perlindungan hak konstitusional menjadi salah satu isu konstitusional yang mendasar. Pelanggaran terhadap hak konstitusional tidak hanya melalui ketentuan normatif dalam suatu undang-undang, tetapi juga dapat terjadi melalui tindakan dari penguasa maupun oleh pihak-pihak lain. Gagasan terhadap masukan constitutional complaint ke dalam ranah Mahkamah Konstitusi telah menjadi isu tersendiri yang masih menimbulkan sejumlah persoalan. Penilaian terhadap urgensi gagasan untuk menetapkan penanganan perkara constitutional complaint ke dalam kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi, mekanisme constitutional complaint yang sesuai dengan ketatanegaraan Indonesia, serta perkembangan dan pemahaman hukum masyarakat Indonesia atas constitutional complaint menjadi permasalahan yang harus dipertimbangkan apabila ke depannya Indonesia akan memiliki lingkup kekuasaan kehakiman dengan kewenangan untuk menangani perkara constitutional complaint.Kata Kunci: Hak Konstitusional, Constitutional Complaint, Mahkamah Konstitusi
KONSEPSI HAK MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT SEBAGAI HAK ASASI MANUSIA DALAM PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Zein Yahya Ahmad , Nurvianti Dewi
Published: April 2018

This article discusses the "conception of adat law community rights as a human right. The purpose of writing this article is to know the conception of customary law community as a human right, with limited review of legislation relating to the topic.This article is important to publish, considering many issues that arise related to the rights of adat law community. Starting from the use of the term to the fulfillment of the rights of adat law community. As known that until now there has been no legislation that specifically regulates the rights of adat law community. In the highest regulation under Article 18 B paragraph 2 and Article 28 I paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution, the rights of adat law community are further regulated in several laws and regulations, so that it will be difficult to identify what rights should be met by countries for the fulfillment of the rights of adat law community.This article discusses some statutory legislation in Indonesia which is the foundation for accommodating customary law community rights which are human rights where the fulfillment must be done by the state.
Synthesis of Novel Phenoxybenzoyl Methane Derivatives Using Different Phenols
Authors: Kumari Mohit , Hashim S Riaz , Kumar Sushil
Published: April 2018

Novel phenoxybenzoyl methane compounds were synthesized using different phenols to yield potential therapeutically
active compounds. Melting point, yield and molecular formula are observed. Percentage of Nitrogen calculated
Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Citrus paradisi and Naringin -An In vitro Study
Authors: Roghini R , Vijayalakshmi K.
Published: April 2018

The present study attempts to find naturally-occurring antioxidants of fruit-based which give efficacy by additive activities.
Citrus paradisi, known as Grape fruit contains significant bioactive components such as Naringin. The present study
examines the free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of Citrus paradisi and Naringin. The study was carried
out with different radical scavenging assays like hydroxyl, DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, super oxide. Citrus
paradisi extracts showed lower radical scavenging activities in assays such as DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl when
compared with Naringin. Naringin showed the higher radical scavenging effect with nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide
in comparison with citrus paradisi extract. However, both were analysed by using ascorbic acid as standard. The current
study gives evidence that both showed potential free radical scavenging activity.
Effect of Pterospermum acerifolium Willd on Inflammation and ProInflammatory Cytokines
Authors: A Manna K. , U Nanda , S Kar
Published: April 2018

In our present study, the effect of alcoholic fraction of Pterospermum acerifolium seeds on inflammation and
inflammatory cytokines was evaluated in-vitro by using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in vivo
by croton oil induced mouse ear edema (acute study) and Carrageen induced rat paw edema. The extract exhibited
significant inhibition of the production of tumor necrotic factor- and interleukin-6 by PBMCs stimulated
lipropolysaccirides (LPS) in a dose dependent manner. The extract, at the selected dose of 150 and 300mg/kg body
weight per oral exhibited significant dose dependent anti-inflammatory response with 27.77% and 47.17% inhibition of
inflammation in croton oil induced mouse ear edema and Carrageen induced rat paw edema respectively.
Antibacterial and Anticancer Activity of Ethnomedicinal Plants Used in the Jongilanga Community, Mpumalanga
Authors: N Lall , MN De Canha , A Reid , CB Oosthuizen , L Langhansova , J Mahore , S Winterboer , C Hamilton , V Kumar , N Gasa , D Twilley
Published: April 2018

Seventy-four ethanolic extracts were prepared from traditionally used medicinal plants in the Jongilanga community in
Mpumalanga South Africa. The aim was to determine the biological activity of the selected plants against cancer,
mycobacteria species and acne. From the results, it was evident that Mundulea sericea was able to inhibit the proliferation
of human melanoma cells (A375) with a fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging between 50 and 100 µg/ml as
well as the ability to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Propionibacterium acnes with
minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 125, 31.25 and 7.9 µg/ml respectively. This further led to the investigation
of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity as well as the influence of the extract on mycothiol disulphide reductase
(Mtr) and glutathione reductase enzymes (Gtr) as potential targets against the above-mentioned diseases. M. sericea
inhibited the COX-2 enzyme, responsible for inflammation, with an IC50 value of 10.70 ± 1.14 µg/ml, furthermore
compounds previously isolated from M. sericea showed potential inhibition of COX-2 in molecular docking studies. Low
radical scavenging capacity against the DPPH free radical with an IC50 value of 60.52 ± 2.40 µg/ml was obtained, however,
M. sericea showed a higher affinity towards Mtr as compared to Gtr, which makes it an ideal plant for use as an
antimycobacterial agent.
Chemical Fingerprints of an Indian Traditional Herbal Drug Talisapatra (Abies webbiana) and Comparison with English yew (Taxus baccata)
Authors: Vadivel Vellingiri , Anand Prakash , Perumal Rajalakshmi and Pemaiah
Brindhar Sarkar , Rajalakshmi Perumal , Brindha Pemaiah
Published: April 2018

Present work was carried out with a view to develop chemical fingerprints to differentiate the herbal drugs Taxus baccata
L. and Abies webbiana (Wall ex D. Don) Lindl. Both the plants are commonly called as Talisapatra in India and having
different medicinal applications. T. baccata is native to Europe and A. webbiana is found in India and also used in
traditional medicine. Dried leaves of both the plant are morphologically similar and in powdered form it is very difficult
to differentiate them and hence there are chances for adulteration and also misuse of the herbs. In this project
phytochemical, spectroscopic (UV-Visible, FT-IR and NMR) and chromatographic techniques (HPTLC and HPLC) were
applied to obtain the chemical fingerprints of selected herbs. A. webbiana contained higher level of total phenolic
compounds (6301.27 mg GAE / 100 g) when compared to T. baccata (977.45 mg GAE / 100 g). UV-Visible absorbance
at 577 and 663 nm are unique for T. baccata. FT-IR peaks at 3403, 1030 and 577 cm-1 were unique for T. baccata while A.
webbiana exhibited unique peak at 3371, 1059 and 613 cm-1
. NMR signals revealed remarkable difference between
chloroform extracts of T. baccata from A. webbiana. HPTLC profile exhibited unique bands with Rf value of 0.11, 0.25,
0.62, 0.68, 0.91 and 097 for T. baccata and A. webbiana exhibited unique spots with Rf value of 0.05, 0.27, 0.38, 0.44,
0.65, 0.72 and 0.93. Unique HPLC peaks for T. baccata were 2.07, 2.28, 4.86, 5.08, 5.97 and 6.86 min whereas A. webbiana
revealed unique peaks at 1.90, 2.00 International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Researchand 4.52 min. Chemical fingerprint results obtained from the present work would be
useful in differentiating T. baccata from A. webbiana.
Coccidioidal meningitis
Authors: Al-Attraqchi Azhar A.F , Hassan Jabbar S , Hadi Ameer SH
Published: April 2018

We present a case of meningitis caused by Coccidioidisspp.in a 64 years old DM patient presented with fever, nausea, vomiting, and change in mental status CSF smear with lactophenol cotton blue,revealed a typical picture of Coccidioidis spp. This is a first case reported in Iraq.
Association between biofilm formation and susceptibility to antibiotics in Staphylococcuslentus isolated from urinary catheterized patients.
Authors: AL-Azawi Ibtisam Habeeb , AL-Hamadani Adnan Hamad , Hasson Shaimaa O
Published: April 2018

Staphylococcuslentus is a coagulase negative gram positive cocci recognized as opportunistic pathogens and rarely biofilm forming and have many virulence factors,but recently causes nosocomial and community infections. Biofilm formation S. lentus may be associated with ability to resistant antibiotics lead to increase in mortality rate due to difficult in eradicate infections To evaluate the biofilm forming capacity in S.lentus and its susceptibility to antibiotics by using phenotypic and genotypic assay. Twenty eight biofilm bacteria among of them S. lentus were isolated and identified from urine catheterized patients who were hospitalized in different department of four Iraqi hospitals (Al-Diwaniyah teaching,Al- Hilla teaching,Al Qassim and Al Hashimiyah hospitals) S. lentus were examined for detection biofilm formation by detecting icaA gene intercellular adhesion gene which express adhesion factor to form biofilm in staphylococci by using PCR method and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method and VITEK2 system CLSI guidelines. Three isolates of S. lentus revealed the ability 100% to form biofilm phenotypicallywhich contained icaA gene with clearly antibiotics resistance (100% ) to each penicillin,Carbencillin,Gentamicin,Tobramycin,Oxacillin,Vancomycin,Clindamycin and Ciprofloxacin and (0%) to Azithromycin.icaA genes present in Staphylococcuslentus and responsible for biofilm formation which consider as indicator and the biofilm formation is a strong cause of multidrug resistance in bacteria.
Microbiological Aspect in Dental Implants and Natural Teeth with the Impact of Aloe vera Gel
Authors: AL-Ghurabi Batool Hassan , Mohammed Ahlam T , AL-Rawi Nadia Aftan
Published: April 2018

The health of peri-implant tissues is one of the most important aspects for the long-term success of dental implants. Thus the control of bacterial plaque which is the main etiological factor in peri-implant diseases by using an effective preventive regimen and a therapeutic agent is of vital importance in prevention of any irreversible pathological conditions of peri‑implant tissues. The purposeof this study wasto investigate and compare microbiological aspect of subgingival plaque at implants and contralateral natural teeth in the same patients with the impact of Aloe vera gel. 20 females aged 25- 45 year who exhibited the presence of one clinically stable implant carrying a full ceramic crown and one contralateral natural tooth were selected to be enrolled in a split-mouth study. All participants were apparently healthy with no history of any systematic diseases and they have been treated with a two-piece implant system which should be in function for at least 6 months. Samples of subgingival plaque were collected from implants and contralateral teeth for microbial analyses (Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and Candida species) at base line and 2 weeks after the application of Aloe vera gel. Microbial analyses revealed no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) in the counts of microorganisms between implants and teeth, although they were lower in implant than that in teeth. Finding also revealed a significant reduction (p< 0.01) in the count of Gram-positive bacteria and Candida speciesafter application of Aloe vera for both implants and teeth. On the other hand, the count of Gram-negative bacteria seems not to be affected by Aloe vera gel. No differences were found in microbiological analysis of subgingival plaque from dental implants and teeth in the same patient. Moreover, Aloe vera is a promising herb with antimicrobial activity that could be used as a beneficial agent in treatment and prevention of peri-implant diseases.
Effect of Arak, gall of Quercus infectoriaand Syzgiumaromaticum extracts on the growth and viability ofEntamoeba gingivalis in vitro.
Authors: Al-Zako Sajida S. Hussein , Al-Neamy Ban N. Mohammadali
Published: April 2018

After the succession of E.gingivalis cultivation on the DMEMmedium. This study was performedin order to identify the effect ofincreasing concentrations from aqueous and alcoholic extracts of a threeplants,known with their usage for medical treatment to dental and oraldiseases,those are Arak sticks (Salvadora persica), gall of oak tree (Quercusinfectoria) and flowering bud of clove (Syzgium aromaticum)on the viabilityof E. gingivalis.Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Arak sticks showed a clear effectwith the superiority of the aqueous extract in its impact inhibitory effect onE.gingivalis.The results alsoshowed the existence of a negative and inhibitory impact increasingly on the growth ofE. gingivalis with the increasingconcentrations used of aqueous and alcoholic extracts fromgall of oak andflowering buds of clove, with simple superiority of aqueous extracts onalcoholic one for galls of oak trees and alcoholic extract of the of floweringbuds on aqueous one of buds clove.A clear increasing LT50 and LT90 where gained when using aqueousand alcoholic extracts of three plants with an Arak superiority in theelimination of the parasite, specially the aqueous one with the lower time.
Silver nanoparticles that extracted by using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as toxoid delivery
Authors: Abd Frial J
Published: April 2018

Exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa has produced in tryptic soy broth dialysate and purified using 85% saturation of ammonium sulphate then by HPLC column to yield highly purified toxin then molecular weight of purified toxin has determined to be 71 KD The immunological study involved studying the antigenicity properties of the toxoid alone, AgNPs alone and mix antigen then investigating the immunological role of AgNPs as delivery system. It was done by using 20 males New Zealand rabbits and divided into four groups, the first group was immunized with toxoid alone,the second group was immunized with AgNPs alone, the third group was immunized with mix antigen, while the fourth group considered as control group and immunized with normal saline,after the immunization period,some immunological parameters were investigated. In all immunological tests of this study the results revealed that toxoid alone, AgNPs alone and mix antigen were given significantly increased in comparison with control group at P<0.05. For NBT test, the result that was obtained for these three types of antigens with mean value (66.8%, 60.6% and 73.6%) respectively,while the control group with mean value (46.8%). The results of skin test showed these three types of antigens induce the hypersensitivity of the rabbits and the induration diameter of these three types antigen after 4,24,48 and 72 hrs. was significantly higher than control at P<0.05.Also, mitotic index test also was used,the result that was obtained for these three types of antigens with mean value (26.96%,22.8% and 32.11%) respectively,while the control group with mean value (13.33%). In addition,the radial immunodiffusion (RID) method was used to detect the immunodiffusion level of the immunoglobulins in serum samples,the results showed that theimmunodiffusion level of immunoglobulins with mean values (17,19.8 and 19.4)mm respectively,in comparison with control group at P<0.05.The concentration level of the CD4 and CD8 in the serum samples was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method,the concentrationlevel of CD4 molecule with mean values (47.49,43.82 and 63.61)ng/ml respectively while the control group with mean value (26.59)ng/ml. And the CD8 molecule with mean values (2.79, 3.21 and 6.08)ng/ml respectively,while the control group with mean value (1.6)ng/ml.Histopathological study showed that there were no pathological lesions in rabbits groups immunized with different types of antigens.
Epidemiological and pathological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in hilla and Diwanya/Iraq
Authors: Dawood Khairy A , Alokaili Samera M , Yusuf Hassanain f
Published: April 2018

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic diease in the middle and south of Iraq. distribution of infection was studied in two governorates (diwanya and hilla), total number of patients attended to the dermatology center in three months (December 2016, January, February 2017) in diwanyia was 1940, 132 were cutaneous leihmaniasis (10.7%) while in hilla 1757 patients were attended to the dermatology center at the asme months, cutaneous leihmaniasis cases were 42 (2.4%). total number of cutaneous leishmaniasis was 208, 132 for diwanya 76% while for hilla was 42, 24%.infected males were higer than females in both cities 74.3%,25.7% respectibely. Age variations reveal all infected cases were in all ages but high percent were in age of ten years old and below 35.6%. no cases were recorded during summer months and the peak of this sisease was in January 28.5%, February 30.9%. pathological lesions were classified grossly as follows, papule (redness and swelling ) pustule (redness with crusts sometimes with pus)ulcer (it was no crusts with shallow ulceration irregular margin)scar formation. Hematological study revealed increase in number of erythrocytes and variation in size (poikilocytosis). Treatment were mostly, systemic injection with topical treatment, several types of ointment.
Caspase 3 in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy: relationship with NF-κB gene expression and AOPP
Authors: Jaber Ferdous Abass , Almzaiel Anwar Jasib , Jabbar Nawal khinteel
Published: April 2018

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common and prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Persistent hyperglycemia was induced oxidative stress,leading to cell damage and death by apoptosis,and enhanced the development of DN. However,the mechanism by which hyperglycemia induces apoptosis is not well understood. 60 patients (30 patients with Typ2 DM,30 patients with DN) and 30 healthy subjects as control group were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and CAT activity as indirect markers of oxidative stress were measured by the colorimetric method,level of serum caspase-3 as a proapoptotic biomarker was also measured by ELISA. Additionally,expression of the apoptotic genes,nuclear factor-B (NF-κB) in serum was investigated using qPCR. The level of AOPP was significantly increased in DN and DM group than control (P <0.05),while CAT activity in DN significantly decrease (P< 0.05) as compared with DM and control groups. Levels of caspase-3 in DN patients were significantly higher than DM and control groups (𝑃< 0.05),with upregulation of NF-κB mRNA gene expression.This study identified caspase-3 as a final common mediator of high glucose-induced apoptosis and have an important role in DN pathogenesis and progression. Apoptosis seems to be associated with an alteration in inflammatory mediators such as oxidative stress.
Effect of sperm activation techniques in sperm parameters for infertility patients with cryptozoospermia
Authors: Al-Saedi MarwaR
Published: April 2018

The present study included examination of (27) human semen sample, forinfertilePatients of cryptozoospermiaresorting tothe fertility center /Al-sader medical city in Al –Najafprovincesfrom November 2011intomay 2012. microscopicexaminationwas usedforCryptozoospermicpatient, and thenwere used three activation techniques (swim up from pellet, density gradient and glass wool column filtration ) As,there are rare studies of cryptozoospermic patients, thus this study was aimed to test the efficiency of someactivation techniques in sperm activation for cryptozoospermia patientby swim up from pellet, density gradient and glass wool column techniques for using inintracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).The results of sperm activation (swim up from pellet, density gradient and glass wool column filtration ) for Cryptozoospermic patients had shown highly quality of sperm in selected toward progressive motilityand normal morphology. In addition to ability for selection of normal morphology sperm and progressive motility percent also glass woolcolumn filtration showan important role in maintenance of sperm concentration before sperm activation in comparison with after activation. The result of swim up from pellet and density gradient revealed a significant decreasing(P<0.05)ofsperm concentration after activation in comparison with before activation. So the result of swim up from pellet, density gradient and glass wool filtrationshowed a significant increasing (P<0.05)of progressive motility and, viabilitypercent and normal sperm morphology percent, but a significant increasing(P<0.05) of non – progressive motility sperm and Round cell after activationcomparedwith beforeactivationof all three different uses techniques In conclusionof studythat sperm activation techniquesrole by swim up from pellet, density gradient and glass wool column techniques for Cryptozoospermia patients giving best results afterICSI processtohavingpregnancy rates and removedto some infertile problem
The influence of green low level laser(532 nm) irradiation on wound healing.
Authors: Al-Zamily Rabab Hajwal
Published: April 2018

Many workers indicating the ability of low level laser in accelerating wound healing. Two different doses (5.7,and 11.4 J/cm2) from a green laser light (532 nm) were employed on a superficial wound on rats daily. Wound healing evaluations were donning after the 1,3, and 7th irradiations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the green (532 nm) low level laser on wound healing in rats using two different energies.The wound specimens indicated fast healing, the next day after the first irradiation,for both doses. A single dose of adequate amount of doses is active in handling the healing processes without wound scar formation. This study result pointed out that a single dose of green light of wavelength 532 nm is sufficient to complete the healing of wound. But increasing the frequency of laser irradiations causes scarring. The day after the first irradiation for both used energies, wounds healed rapidly showing less scar formation. Increasing the irradiation frequency may cuss additional stress, and enhance scar formation. Therefore Low-level green laser of wavelength 532 nm facilitates wound healing from the first irradiation dose.
Epidemiology Study for Cancer Incidences among Patients from Baghdad Carrying Different Types of Cancer.
Authors: Edan Dawood Salim , Khamees HamedH
Published: April 2018

This study was carried out in Al-Yarmook hospital,laboratories department,Baghdad- Iraq; One hundred thirty three Iraqi patients have been recorded during period May 2014 until December 2014.The current study has demonstrated that five different types of the following cancers: Breast cancer,Skin cancer,colorectal cancer,Bladder cancer and endometrial cancer were enrolled in this study. Comparison among each type of cancer was regarded in age, sex and number. The majority results in cancer epidemiology for the present study were fluctuated between the skin and breast cancer,which showed 33.1% and this,represented the prevalence of cancer among all the other types of cancers. In case of other types,the result has showed 16.5 %,13.5% and 3.7 % for endometrial cancer,Bladder cancer and colorectal cancer,respectively.
The impact of iron deficiency anemia on histomorphological features of placenta and the newborn infants.
Authors: Mamouri Rafah Hady lateef Al , Al- hakeem Aaya Hamid
Published: April 2018

Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy ismutual heamatological disorder that happens in pregnancy,it affects maternal blood, leading to hypoxia,which cause changes in the structure of the placenta. Aim of study to explore the changes occurres bothin gross morphology and in histology of the placenta in anemic mothers. Methods: A fifty placentas were taken from mothers (full term) delivered at hospital constituted the material for thepresent study. Full term placentawas collected with case history and investigated after delivery of fetus. Two cm pieces were removed from both anemic and normalgroup of placenta fixed in 10% formalin and used for processing and staining.The microscopic study revealed histomorphological abnormalities as increased capillaries per villas,thickening of capillary basement membrane, trophoblastic basementmembrane,cytotrophoplastic proliferation, syncytial knots and fibrosis. All these changes occurred maintaining sufficient efficiency of placenta,to fulfill demand of oxgen in the fetus.
Effect of low dose combined oral contraceptives on prothrombin time
Authors: Alqaysi Suhayr E , Jasem Zainab M , Ali Zeana A , Behayaa Hiba R , Almunaeem Saba A , Alzahraa Shaimae A
Published: April 2018

A 35 females used low dose combination oral contraceptive were enrolled in addition to 20 age matched healthy females included as a healthy control group.PT was estimated in plasma of all subjects.It was found significantly prolonged PT in users when compared with nonusers,and the results indicated prolong PT in the first 2 years of drug used and the alteration of PT disappear with continuous used. The results demonstrated the effect of low dose combination oral contraceptives on PT.
The Effect of P.N.F Exercises in Repeated Contraction in Improving Muscle Balance and Speed of Neural Signaling for Persons with Special Needs (C.P37) and Completion of (400 m)
Authors: Jabur Al-Janabi Akram Hussein , Aziz Al-Lami Hikmat Adil
Published: April 2018

The paralysis of the brain is one of the categories suffering from paralysis of the upper and lower extremities. This paralysis makes the body unbalanced in terms of the range of motor and the amounts of muscle strength either between the extremities of the body and the injured or the right side of the muscles between the material and the second side of the affected party and this affects significantly In many of the amounts of strength and flexibility that have a large role in the kinetic variables during the 400 m race and the exercises of sensory sensory muscle (pnf) of the exercises that help to regulate and reduce the threshold of the difference of muscle contraction,which contributes to reducing muscle tension in the limbs Helps to improve the motor range and muscular strength of the athlete as well as the transmission of nerve signals correctly and smooth in the affected limbs (paralyzed)The aim of the research was to identify some of the elasticity,muscle strength,and speed of the nerve signal for the healthy and injured limbs of the CP100 antagonists in the CP37 category,using the EMG device,and special exercises using PNF and repeated contraction (RC) Improve the muscle balance,speed and nerve signal and the achievement of 400 m enemy. The most important variables studied are the amounts of muscle strength,flexibility and speed of the nerve signal of the parties healthy and injured and the development of exercises to improve them The researchers have learned to exercise sensory receptors muscular muscle a significant role in improving the balance of strength and flexibility and regulatory (C.P37) as well as improvement of some kinetic parameters (step length and frequency) of the injured part and completion of 400 m running
Detectingstr resistantgene from S. Typhimurium isolates By molecular technique
Authors: Jawad Alaa A , Mohammed Basima J , Hassan Haifa J
Published: April 2018

The present study usedPCR for identify genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in S.Typhimurium, these primers for detection str gene which responsible for resistance to streptomycin, and we found these nine isolates detected by these primers and produce specific PCR product is an250-bp fragment which was visualized by gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining.,other studies also conducted for detection this gene in S. Typhimurium,use these specific primer for detection str gene during evolution of antibiotic resistance in S. Typhimurium strains.
Genotypic detection of some virulence factors among Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Diarrhea Cases (Iraq)
Authors: Bunyan Ilham A , Obais Israa K
Published: April 2018

The present study included the detection ofsome virulence factorsof Aeromonas hydrophila under molecular level to clinical isolates were taken from patients suffering from diarrhea during the period from July (2017) to October (2017). Molecular detection of Hemolysin gene (ahh) was done for all isolates. The results showed that all isolates (100%) gave positive results for this virulence gene. the positive results were detected by the presence of (130) bp bands when compared with allelic ladder. The genomic DNA of the samples was extracted and bands were observed by performing agarose gel electrophoresis. When PCR was performed,results clearly indicate that all isolated organisms contained serine protease gene and all the amplified products produced a band at the level of (900 bp) when compared with the allelic ladder. Molecular detection of this gene was carried out by using a specific PCR primer were done by comparison with allelic ladder which gave a (309bp) It was found that (Aerolysin) gene present in (12) (75%) of the positive samples. Lip gene was also detected in A. hydrophila samples and found that all 16 samples (100%) gave positive results to this gene which gave molecular length (382) bp. Molecular study was carried out to show the sequence identity of cytotonic enterotoxins gene in Aeromonas spp. to that in A. hydrophila. Analysis of the A. hydrophila genome revealed a number of a putative virulence factors,including a gene that heat-labile cytotonic enterotoxin (alt). Our study showed that all (16) isolates (100%) gave positive results to this gene,which gave molecular length (442)bp. Molecular detection of cytotonic enterotoxins gene (ast) was done for (16) A. hydrophila isolates and the results showed that all isolates have this gene (100%). The positive results for (ast) virulence were detected by the presence of (331) bp band compared with allelic ladder.
Association of a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase33 Gene Polymorphisms with Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in Iraqi Population
Authors: Shaheed Orass. M , Kazaal Meraim A
Published: April 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predisposed by environmental and hereditary factors”. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33 gene (ADAM33) has been one of the most stimulating gene for asthma since of their first association withthe disease in Caucasian population". "Recently,ADAM33 was shown to be associated with decrease of lung function andCOPD. The target of this study was to evaluate the potential correlation between polymorphisms of ADAM33 and COPD in Iraqi" population. This study included,400 cases of COPD and 400 healthy individuals as control group.“Two polymorphic loci (V4 and Q-1) of ADAM33 were selected for genotyping that determined by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. “Statistically significant distinctions in the distribution of the wild and mutant genotypes between patients and control. In addition,significant association (P <0. 0001) between COPD and mutant genotypes (V4/GG and Q-1/AA) are detected.The results of this study designate that ADAM33/V1 and Q-1 polymorphisms is a hazard factor for COPD among Iraqi society.
The Degree of Bother of Nocturea on Quality Of Life in a Group from Al-Diwaniya Population.
Authors: Alkinany Ali Hamdan
Published: April 2018

Nocturia is common and disrupts sleep. Traditionally,one nightly episode has been regarded as clinically meaningless.To evaluate the bothersome effect of nocturia on health related quality of life (HRQoL) in a group from Al-Diwaniya population. Patients and methods: In 2006–2008,a survey was made on a random sample of 600 patients aged 18–79 yr who were identified from Al-Diwaniya teaching hospital,proportion was 62% males and 38% were females).bother from nocturia on QoL were examined in relation to self-reported nocturia frequency (using the American Urological Association Symptom Score). Bother from nocturia was assessed on a four-point scale (none,small,moderate,major). Degree of bother increased with nocturia frequency (p < 0.01). The most commonly cited degree of bother for those with one,two,and three nightly voids was no bother,small bother,and moderate bother,respectively. At least two voids per night are bothersome and associated with impaired HRQoL. The majority of people report having bothered when the number of nocturia episodes is two and moderate or major bother when the number is three or more. One void per night does not identify subjects with interference from nocturia and,thus,is not a suitable criterion for clinically relevant nocturia.
Comparison between open and laproscopic pyeloplasty in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital
Authors: Al-Hamzawi Ahmed Ali
Published: April 2018

Background: Historically open pyeloplasty has been regarded as the gold standard for the surgical management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). The treatment of this condition has evolved considerably over the past two decades resulting in new surgical approaches. One of these approaches is laparoscopic pyeloplasty,this technique aimed to achieve the same results as open surgery,with lower rates of morbidity and complications.  Aim of the study: To compare the operative time,hospital stay,analgesic use,perioperative complications,and success rate between laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty in Al Diwaniya Teaching Hospital. Patients & Methods: From October 2014 to October 2016,40 patients (26 males and 14 females) with Ureteropelvic junction obstruction who had been admitted to the urology unit of Al Diwaniya Teaching Hospital were enrolled in this study. Their ages ranged from 10 to 44 years with a mean age of 24 years. The patients were selected on the basis of standard indications for PUJO repair. The patients were assigned into two groups. Twenty patients underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty and 20 patients underwent open surgery. The choice between the two types of operation was selected according to surgeon's preference (only surgeon who has enough experience with laparoscopic surgeries perform laparoscopic pyeloplasty,while the other performed open surgery). Preoperative evaluations were done using abdominal ultrasound and IVP. Laboratory tests included urinalysis,urine culture,blood urea,and serum creatinine. Blood group was determined. We compared the operative time,complications rates,hospital stay and success rate of the two groups.Mean operative time was 2 hours and 3 hours in open and laparoscopic pyeloplasty groups,respectively. Mean hospital stay was shorter (24 hours) in the laparoscopic group and (48 hours) in open group. Mean follow-up period was 9 months. Postoperative complication rates were 20 % and 30 % in laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty groups,respectively. Success rates were 95% and 90 % for open and laparoscopic pyeloplasty groups,respectively. Repeated surgery was performed in 2 patients of laparoscopy and 1 of open pyeloplasty groups due to recurrence of stricture.The safety and efficacy of laparoscopic pyeloplasty is comparable to that of open pyeloplasty,with better cosmetic results and shorter hospital stay,therefore laparoscopic pyeloplasty can replace open surgery and may be considered the gold standard technique for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in expert hands.
Inhibitory effect of polyphenol oxidase on glonization factors of streptococcusmutans
Authors: Fairouz Huda Ahmad , Fairouz Nada Ahmed , Yonis Sahar Dakhil
Published: April 2018

The present study was conduct decrease absorption to control and polyphenol oxidase treated S.mutans after mixing glucan T2000.while added dextran T2000 after treated PPO courses blocked.and showed effect inhibited of polyphenol oxidase to inhibited biofilm of Streptococcus mutans, the result study showed no pellicles when incubated with S.mutans but containing biofilm when incubated S.mutans without PPO in the present sucrose.and showed ability of dextran T2000 to aggregate of S.mutans when the cell centerfugied with glucan T2000,but aggregated no observed when the cell centerfugied with water.
Identification of fungal and Bacterial contamination in local and imported chips and juices in Al-Diwaneyah province
Authors: Kadhem Saba A , Kadhem Saba A , Ebrahim Lujain , Mahmood Hussain R , Mahmood Hussain R
Published: April 2018

20 samples were collected from different types oflocally and imported juices, where amples collected from local market in AL-Diwaneyah province.The samples included (10 ) juices (Al-shahir, Teama apple, Natura apple, Tazech orange, Ghalia, Yomme, Our kid, Sunich, Tazaech choctel, Tazaech Red grapes) and (10 ) chips (Popcorn Al-Batal, Chips Dunya, Hendereen, Chips Al –Fawaz,Chips Salwan, Sakr Babil) Trabeesh Mr. Max , Lay's, chips Hala, Popcorn Panda).The biological testes were achieved to detect theBacterial and fungicontamination injuices and chips. The result showed that most products contain Bacteria species with different numbers,where two species Staphilococcus and Streptococcuswere identified in two sample of juice (Sunich, Tazaech choctel),while other sample are non-effected. With chips productes (Chips Al –Fawaz, chips Hala, Popcorn Panda , TrabeeshMr. Max, Popcorn Al-Batal,) were also contaminatedby Staphilococcus and Streptococcus,whereas fungi Actinomyces were isolated from juices and in the same time Pencillium,Fusarium,Aspergillus and Actinomyces were isolated from chips and they showed in must collected sample.
The Immuno modulatory Changes of Patients with Tuberculosis.
Authors: Al-Saigh Rafal J , Al-Humadi Hussam
Published: April 2018

Tuberculosis(TB) is aninfectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim was to investigate the levels of immunomodulatory markers like interluekin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrotizing factor-α (TNF- α),cell differentiation-4 (CD4) and CD8 levels in those patients with active tuberculosis (TB) disease in comparison with control group. 41 Adults diagnosed with TB were included in comparison to 32 healthy individuals at Babylon health center for pulmonary diseases and TB. Descriptive data for patients and control group werecollected by well-trained researcher following a structured questionnaire. In parallel, peripheral blood collected to determine IL-6, TNF- α,CD4 and CD8. Then the assessment for the association between clinical and descriptive data and immunomodulatory markers levels was investigated statistically. The majority of TB patients were males (56%) and 71% were resident in rural areas; 47% of them were living in middle socioeconomic state,moreover,47% of TB cases had diabetes,furthermore,51% had chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,12% had hypertension and 39% of them had chronic anemia with 47% smokers with no significant difference versus control. Following to that,there was highly increased in IL-6 and TNF-α levels in TB patients versus control (P<0.001),with low CD4 level versus control (P<0.001). While there was no significant change shown in CD8 levels versus control and this might highly be correlated with 30% of abnormal liver function tests among TB patients. A high proportion of TB patients have low CD4 level mostly associated with active disease. Moreover,the increase of IL-6 and TNF-α levels suggests a inverse impact on CD4 level which closely associated with the outcome of the disease.