bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of vehicle emissions on the morphological and physiological changes of Taraxacum officinale web
Authors: Chemerys I. , Myslyuk O. , Chemerys V.
Published: April 2020

Road transport is one of the main pollutants of atmospheric air and soil in modern cities, therefore, an important issue is the comprehensive diagnosis of the state of the environment, which can be carried out by phytoindication methods, and which make it possible to comprehensively assess the environmental risks of the roadside environment for living organisms. The article analyzes the morphological and physiological changes of Taraxacum officinale Web. that occurred under the influence of vehicle emissions. For research, we chose a territory with significant aerotechnogenic loads due to both stationary sources of pollution and traffic flows –the southwestern district of the city for the analysis of plants, the following indicators were studied: mass of plants; leaf length;proportion of altered forms; ascorbic acid content; chlorophyll concentration. In the study, biometric, spectrophotometric and statistical methods were used. The results of the studies showed that in all plants inhibition of parameters was observed in comparison with the control samples. An analysis of the tightness of the relationship between the morphophysiological parameters of the plant, the traffic intensity and the distance from the road were influenced by the average mass of plants (r=0.97) in the area with heavy traffic, the content of chlorophyll (r=0.92) in the same area, the proportion of altered forms (r=-0.94). The correlation coefficient of the proportion of altered forms is negative, since the number of altered forms decreases with increasing distance from the road. It was found, that content of chlorophyll depends on traffic intensity and the distance from the road (the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.88–0.97). Indicators of leaf length and vitamin C content turned out to be less informative, since there is no clear relationship between these indicators and distance from the road (r=0.54), although with an increase in the distance from the highway, there is a slight increase in leaf length, but the content of vitamin C did not show depending on the distance to the road. The further developments lies in the refinement of the information content of such an indicator as the content of ascorbic acid in order to use it to indicate invisible changes in the vegetation cover.
Effect of soil treatment on pest infestation and crop disease distribution in black soil fields with short rotation crops
Authors: Prymak I. D. , Yakovenko O. M. , Voytovyk M. V. , Karaulna V. M. , Yezerkovska L. V. , Panchenko O. B. , Fedoruk Yu. V. , Pokotylo I. A. , Panchenko I. A.
Published: April 2020

We have established the influence of four tillage systems on pest distribution and development of diseases in cultivated cereals during three-year research (2017-2019) in the field stationary of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Ukraine (chernozem grain sprouting with five-course rotation). The population of turnip moth in winter wheat, spring barley, and soya was the highest under application of disk tillage, the lowest – under moldboard tillage. The moldboard treatment limited while the beardless and disk treatments stimulate the development of beet webworm in the cereal crops. The number of pests in soya, winter wheat, spring barley, and maize was higher under combined soil treatment compared to moldboard. We recorded no significant difference in pests towards tillage systems in sunflower crops. In soya, winter wheat and maize crops, the number of wireworm was significantly higher in molded than in molded cultivation; the opposite pattern was observed in the sunflower field, while for spring barley these values were at the same level. The distribution and development of root rot in cereal crops was higher in comparison with control, but this difference was insignificant in spring barley. The development of powdery mildew in spring barley crops was almost the same for these tillage options. In cereal crops, septoriosis lesions were almost at the same level in case of moldboard and combined tillage. Significant deterioration of phytosanitary condition at beardless and disk tillage resulted in significant reduction of crop rotation productivity in comparison with control. In the fields with combined and disk treatments, the productivity value was almost the same.
Hematological parameters and content of lipids in tissues of the organism of rabbits according to the silicon connection
Authors: Lesyk Y. , Ivanytska A. , Kovalchuk I. , Monastyrska S. , Hoivanovych N. , Gutyj B. , Zhelavskyi M. , Hulai O. , Midyk S. , Yakubchak O. , Poltavchenko T.
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of the study for the influence of the rabbits feeding with various amounts of citric acid (25, 50 and 75 μg Si kg-1 of body weight, I-III experimental groups) from 52 to 110 days of life of the rabbits, obtained by nanotechnology method and sodium metasilicate (2.5 and 5.0 mg Si kg-1 of body weight, IV–V experimental groups) on hematological parameters and total lipid content and their fractional composition in the blood and liver tissue. It was established that the number of erythrocytes in the blood of rabbits in II and III experimental groups was higher by 18.4 and 20.7% (P0.05) at 31 days of study compared with control. At day 58 of the experiment, the total number of red blood cells in animals of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd experimental groups was respectively higher by 14.9, 19.1, and 17.6% (P=0.05) than in the control. According to white blood indexes, the differences from control were found during the feeding of supplements with a significantly higher change of 30.9% (P=0.05) in 31 days in the blood of animals in the third experimental group. It was found that the feeding of silicic acid compounds did not significantly change the total lipids and phospholipids content, but led to the redistribution of their classes in the investigated tissues. Under the action of citrate silicon in the amount of 50 and 75 μg Si kg-1 of body weight, there was a decrease in the content of triacylglycerols in the blood plasma by 35 and 52% (P=0.05–0.01), respectively, compared with control. Investigation of the fractional lipids composition in the liver tissue showed a lower content of triacylglycerols and esterified cholesterol in animals of the II and III experimental groups compared with the control group. Consequently, the results of blood analyses and the fractional lipids composition in the individual tissues of the rabbit body indicate positive changes contributing to metabolic accumulation of energy and plastic components in the trophic chain and confirm the feasibility of adding citrate silicon in the rabbit diet, taking into account its physiologically substantiated amount.
Educação física escolar e educação especial: periodização histórica e perspectivas para a atualidade
Authors: Camargo Laureen Lopes , Caiado Katia Regina Moreno
Published: April 2020

Ao lançar-se mão dos pressupostos da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC), admite-se como sentido básico: o compromisso com a transformação da sociedade e não a sua manutenção (SAVIANI, 2013a). Assim, esta pedagogia torna-se uma aliada no sentido de transformar a realidade vivida pelas pessoas com deficiência (PCD), nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar (EFE). Para isso, torna-se intrinsicamente necessário conhecer o contexto histórico dessas pessoas nessas aulas. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever, de maneira contextualizada, o processo histórico das áreas da Educação Física (EF) e da Educação Especial (EE), concomitantemente com os quatro períodos históricos da Educação, propostos por Saviani (2013c), baseando-se nessa obra, com relação ao contexto educacional geral; em Castellani Filho (2003), no âmbito da EF e, no da EE, Jannuzzi (2004a; 2004b). Não se pretendeu atribuir juízos de valores aos momentos históricos, mas sim, contribuir para uma análise crítica e uma reflexão sobre a realidade das PCD nas aulas de EF, em busca de se garantir uma Educação de qualidade, fomentando novos estudos, focados em práticas educativas, que instrumentalizem os indivíduos a intervir e superar as barreiras postas pela sociedade e, assim, garantir o direito que todos têm de aprender os conhecimentos relativos à cultura corporal, visando uma EFE realmente inclusiva e justa.
Aprendendo a ser professora de educação infantil
Authors: Souza Ana Paula Gestoso de , Tosta Tawana Domeneghi Orlandi
Published: April 2020

Busca-se conhecer as trajetórias de professoras que atuam na educação infantil em um município do interior do estado de São Paulo, identificar e analisar suas concepções de formação continuada e as demandas formativas que manifestam. Entende-se a aprendizagem da docência como um processo complexo, dinâmico e contínuo, que compreende a trajetória pessoal e profissional do docente, perpassa por diversas fases e demanda apoio, tempo, oportunidades, diálogos e reflexões sobre a ação docente e sobre o contexto educativo. As propostas formativas para a docência precisam reconhecer e considerar as especificidades da educação infantil, que englobam as marcas de sua constituição histórica, as características do ser criança e do trabalho docente para atuar com elas. As análises revelam a escolha profissional das professoras, as múltiplas fontes de aprendizagem da docência – com destaque para a prática –, algumas tensões vividas no início da docência, suas concepções de formação continuada e suas demandas formativas. Evidenciam o anseio das professoras de não serem meras espectadoras e consumidoras de uma formação genérica que desconsidera as particularidades de cada contexto de trabalho. Revelam também a escassez de depoimentos que permitissem identificar as especificidades da educação infantil.
Perykopa o nawróconym na krzyżu złoczyńcy (Łk 23, 40–43) w świetle Łukaszowej nauki o miłosierdziu
Authors: Hałas Stanisław
Published: April 2020

Choć wszyscy czterej ewangeliści opowiadają o dwóch złoczyńcach ukrzyżowanych wraz z Jezusem, to jednak tylko Łukasz podaje rozmowę ukrzyżowanego Jezusa z jednym z nich. Obiecuje mu, że jeszcze tego samego dnia („dzisiaj”) znajdzie się z Nim w raju. W ten sposób nawrócony złoczyńca zostaje ukazany jako pierwszy człowiek, który otrzymuje zbawienie od umierającego Jezusa. W kontekście całej Ewangelii Łukaszowej jest on bardzo ważnym przykładem Bożego miłosierdzia, które uwidacznia się w zbawieniu.
nCoV-2019 sequencing protocol for illumina v2
Authors: Itokawa Kentaro , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Hashino Masanori , Tanaka Rina , Kuroda Makoto
Published: April 2020

This protocol is folked from "ARTIC amplicon sequencing protocol for MinION for nCoV-2019" by Josh Quick to adapt it to illumina sequencers. Because the PCR products are fragmented and ligated with adapters, this protocol is not restricted to 250 PE mode of MiSeq. While the library preparation uses QiaSeq FX by Qiagen and is basically straight forward (as par kit instruction but set to 1/4 scale), some tweaks for much of simplicity and speed were added. Change from the previous version (V1): The amount of cDNA input to multiplex PCR is increased (now almost same amount to the ARTIC's original protocol) (Step 10). This change gives better results for samples with extremely low RNA copy. Amount of adapter solution input was corrected (Step 19).
The problems of the folk-art in the information society conditions
Authors: Belomoeva Olga G. , Ledovskih Natalya P.
Published: April 2020

The article analyzes the problem of the folk art existence in the culture of the information society context. The paper deals with the specifics of folk art as a type of folk art culture and its role in the formation of professional art and such types of folk art culture as urban folklore, amateurism, amateur performances. The authors shows the transformation of the artistic process in the direction of movement from a centrist, hierarchized art system to a decentralized one, network structure, suggesting the coordinated elements of the system based on the analysis of the features of the information society. The negative and positive conditions affecting the existence of folk art in the framework of the information society are indicated.
How Processing Methodologies Can Distort and Bias Power Spectral Density Estimates of Seismic Background Noise
Authors: Anthony Robert E. , Ringler Adam T. , Wilson David C. , Bahavar Manochehr , Koper Keith D.
Published: April 2020

Power spectral density (PSD) estimates are widely used in seismological studies to characterize background noise conditions, assess instrument performance, and study quasi-stationary signals that are difficult to observe in the time domain. However, these studies often utilize different processing techniques, each of which can inherently bias the resulting PSD estimates. The level of smoothing, the size of the data window, and the method used for actually estimating the spectral content can all have strong influences on PSD estimates and background noise statistics. We show that although smoothing reduces the variance of the PSD estimate, the corresponding decrease in frequency resolution can eliminate or distort features of interest. For instance, popular software packages such as Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Modular Utility for STAatistical kNowledge Gathering (MUSTANG) and earlier versions of Portable Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere Quick Look eXtended (PQLX), which were designed for data quality control and are effective in that regard, are less suitable for scientific studies that require accurate resolution of spectral peaks, even for peaks as broad as the primary (∼14  s period) and secondary (∼7  s period) microseisms. We also demonstrate how the 1 and 3 hr data windows used in MUSTANG and PQLX can be strongly influenced by energy generated from moderate-size (M>∼4.8) teleseismic earthquakes. The ubiquity of these events is likely skewing median ambient-noise estimates by as much as 5 dB upward, for periods of 10–50 s at high-quality broadband stations. Finally, we illustrate that many of the discrepancies between global low-noise models are attributable to processing methodologies rather than fundamental differences in the underlying seismic data.
Earthquake Early Warning ShakeAlert 2.0: Public Rollout
Authors: Kohler Monica D. , Smith Deborah E. , Andrews Jennifer , Chung Angela I. , Hartog Renate , Henson Ivan , Given Douglas D. , de Groot Robert , Guiwits Stephen
Published: April 2020

The ShakeAlert earthquake early warning system is designed to automatically identify and characterize the initiation and rupture evolution of large earthquakes, estimate the intensity of ground shaking that will result, and deliver alerts to people and systems that may experience shaking, prior to the occurrence of shaking at their location. It is configured to issue alerts to locations within the West Coast of the United States. In 2018, ShakeAlert 2.0 went live in a regional public test in the first phase of a general public rollout. The ShakeAlert system is now providing alerts to more than 60 institutional partners in the three states of the western United States where most of the nation’s earthquake risk is concentrated: California, Oregon, and Washington. The ShakeAlert 2.0 product for public alerting is a message containing a polygon enclosing a region predicted to experience modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) threshold levels that depend on the delivery method. Wireless Emergency Alerts are delivered for M 5+ earthquakes with expected shaking of MMI≥IV. For cell phone apps, the thresholds are M 4.5+ and MMI≥III. A polygon format alert is the easiest description for selective rebroadcasting mechanisms (e.g., cell towers) and is a requirement for some mass notification systems such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Integrated Public Alert and Warning System. ShakeAlert 2.0 was tested using historic waveform data consisting of 60 M 3.5+ and 25 M 5.0+ earthquakes, in addition to other anomalous waveforms such as calibration signals. For the historic event test, the average M 5+ false alert and missed event rates for ShakeAlert 2.0 are 8% and 16%. The M 3.5+ false alert and missed event rates are 10% and 36.7%. Real-time performance metrics are also presented to assess how the system behaves in regions that are well-instrumented, sparsely instrumented, and for offshore earthquakes.
Challenges and Opportunities in Turning Large U.S. Archives of Analog Seismograms into a Modern Usable Resource
Authors: Richards Paul G. , Hellweg Margaret
Published: April 2020

Quantitative seismology is based firmly on the analysis of actual ground motions, and the transition to digital recording in the 1980s enabled sophisticated new capabilities to extract useful results from waveforms. With some effort, these tools can also be applied to analog records. Focusing on assets available within U.S. institutions, we review the necessary steps and the challenges in enabling “data rescue”—that is, preserving the scientific information latent in large analog seismogram archives and making it usable. They include: determining what assets are available (the analog seismogram archives held by various institutions, with associated metadata on instrument responses, station locations, and timing information); developing a consensus on the top level of a triage process (which analog records most definitely should be rescued?); deciding the level of quality needed in copying original seismograms to media suitable for digitizing; assessing the relative merits of scanning and digitizing; and, the need for a community service in distributing scans and digital records, as they accumulate. The necessary level of effort can benefit from practical experience. For example, specific studies have used digitized versions of analog recordings to model earthquake sources and assess seismic hazard. Other studies have used them to gain experience with nuclear explosion signals recorded at regional distances, noting that regional signals enable explosions to be monitored down to levels much lower than those attainable teleseismically.

The opportunities presented by large archives of analog seismograms include the insights they present to current and future seismologists studying earthquakes and explosions, into the practical areas of assessing seismic hazard, monitoring for test ban compliance down to low explosion yields—and prompt characterization of actual explosions should they occur, as well the traditional academic pursuit of a better understanding of earthquake physics.
Çarşamba İlçesi (Samsun) Ümitvar Muşmula Genotiplerinin Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Karakterizasyonu
Authors: MARAL Eda , BOSTAN Saim Zeki
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırma 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında Samsun ili Çarşamba ilçesinde doğada kendiliğinden yetişen muşmula (Mespilus germanica L.) populasyonu ile üreticiler tarafından yetiştirilen genotipler üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Genotiplerde fiziksel ve kimyasal karakterizasyon yapılmıştır. İki yıllık ortalama değerlere göre meyve ağırlığı 20 g’ın üzerinde olan genotipler değerlendirilmiş ve böylece 20 genotip çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. İncelenen genotiplerde meyve ağırlığı, meyve eti oranı, suda çözünür kuru madde oranı ve ağaçların verim potansiyeline ait iki yıllık ortalama değerlere göre tartılı derecelendirme yapılmıştır. Değerlendirme sonucunda 5 genotip ümitvar olarak seçilmiştir. Ümitvar genotiplerde ortalama meyve ağırlığı 28.1-31.6 g, meyve eni 37.4-39.8 mm, meyve boyu 37.3-44.7 mm, meyve eti oranı %87.9-91.0, meyve eti sertliği %65.9-89.0, tohum sayısı 4.8-5.1 adet meyve-1, toplam kuru madde oranı %25.9-28.1, suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı %10.4-15.2, C vitamini içeriği 24.1-36.7 mg 100g-1, antioksidan aktivite 22.3-72.0 mmol 100g-1, fruktoz içeriği 6202.7-7790.6 mg 100g-1, malik asit içeriği 1155.8- 1495.4 mg 100g-1 ve toplam fenol içeriği 37.6-71.3 mg 100g-1 arasında değişmiştir.
Bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in various body fluids –A retrospective study
Authors: Hawaldar Ranjana , Sodani Sadhna
Published: April 2020

Several bacteria like E.Coli, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas etc cause infections in various body fluids. Infections of the body fluids are mostly a medical emergency and may be life threatening if not managed timely. Very limited data are available about the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria causing infection of body fluids. This retrospective study was undertaken between January to October 2019 in the Microbiology department of our diagnostic centre with the aim of identifying the bacteria causing infection of various body fluids and also to study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.

This was a retrospective study carried out on 216 patients of all ages and both sexes registered for culture and sensitivity of different body fluids in the Microbiology department of our diagnostic centre between January to October 2019. The fluids included in the study were CSF, pleural, peritoneal, amniotic, ascitic, vitreous, synovial, aqueous, BAL fluid, bile fluid, semen, drain fluids from surgical sites, Endotracheal secretions and cystic fluids from breast, ovary and other sites.

Male to female ratio was 2.17:1. The most common body fluid was cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 31.02%, Klebsiella sps (22.9%) was the most frequently isolated bacteria, followed by Pseudomonas (21.3%), Acinetobacter (13.11%), Citrobacter (11.9%), E.Coli (8.19%), Stap. Aureus (8.19%), Enterococcus (4.91%), Stenotrophomonas (3.25), Candida sps (3.21%), Burkholderia and Proteus (1.63%) each. Gram positive bacteria were grown in 13.11% cases and 83.62% showed growth of Gram negative bacilli.

Regular monitoring and surveillance of organisms causing infection of body fluids is required for formulating an antibiotic and infection control policy so as to guide the clinicians in choosing appropriate antibiotics before a culture report is available thus preventing the development of antimicrobial resistance.
In vitro comparison of efficacy of triclosan coated & uncoated sutures against the bacteria isolated from SSI at tertiary care hospital, Aurangabad
Authors: J A Pohekar , M V Mulay
Published: April 2020

Most common Health Care Associated Infections (HAI) are Urinary tract infection (UTI)33%,Pneumonia – 15%, Surgical Site Infections (SSI) – 15%, Blood stream infections – 13%, & other miscellaneous infections – 24%. SSI is defined as infection at the surgical site that occurs within 30 days of the surgical procedure or within one year – if there is an implant or foreign body such as prosthetic heart valve or joint prosthesis. Wound infections are always multifactorial. Risk factors for SSI include co-morbidity, malnutrition, nicotine, suture and implanted foreign material. SSI increases morbidity & mortality in post surgical patients, & also increases hospital stay, it affects quality of life and increases financial burden to healthcare system. It may lead to major complications such as sepsis and death. Patient related risk factors are smoking, obesity and diabetes. Skin preparation with antiseptic and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for clean-contaminated and contaminated surgery have proved efficient for decreasing SSI. Sutures in contaminated tissues may enhance penetration of micro organisms in deeper tissues & biofilm formation and this may protect organisms from host defence mechanism. One of the risk factors is the foreign material which includes suture. Commonly isolated pathogens from SSI are Staphylococcus aureus, CONS, Enterococcus species, E.coli & resistant pathogens like MRSA & candida (due to widespread use of broad spectrum anti-microbial agents.) In this study we have compared in vitro efficacy of triclosan coated polyglactin 910 suture with non – coated sutures against common bacteria isolated from SSI.

We have randomly selected the strains of MRSA, MRCONS, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, E. Coli, Klebsiella, & Acinetobacter species isolated from clinical samples of SSI. These isolates were tested against triclosan coated & non coated sutures which are commercially available. Similar length of (4cm) of sutures cut & tested for zone of inhibition on lawn culture made on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) by using 0.5 McFarland standard of above strains by touching 4 to 5 colonies of each bacterium. It is incubated overnight at 37C & examined for zone of inhibition.

zone of inhibition of coated & uncoated sutures has been measured & compared for each strain.

In vitro,triclosan coated sutures showed good antibacterial activity than non coated sutures & hence triclosan coated sutures may help in reducing bacterial SSI rate and thus reduce cost & duration of hospital stay for the patient.
Ensino de Matemática na Educação a Distância: Estado do Conhecimenta EaD em Foco nos Últimos 10 anos
Authors: Braga Eduardo dos Santos de Oliveira , Rôças Giselle Rôças
Published: April 2020

A Educação a Distância tem ganho cada vez mais destaque como modalidade de ensino no cenário brasileiro. Com isso, torna-se relevante descortinarmos não só as práticas pedagógicas utilizadas nesta modalidade de ensino, como também compreendermos as pesquisas que giram em torno delas. É nesse sentido que este artigo apresenta um estado do conhecimento sobre a modalidade de ensino a distância e o ensino da matemática nos artigos e estudos de caso publicados até dezembro de 2019 pela Revista Científica em Educação a Distância: EaD EM FOCO, coordenada pela Fundação Cecierj/Consórcio Cederj. Para isso, este artigo apresenta de maneira breve a metodologia de pesquisa do tipo estado do conhecimento, destacando suas principais características e delimitando seu escopo de busca. Organizamos os dez trabalhos selecionados em categorias e, conforme preconiza a literatura, realizamos as discussões com base em seus autores. Constatamos que, apesar da EaD não ser novidade no cenário brasileiro, a produção relativa ao ensino da matemática na EaD emerge na revista pesquisada apenas no último quinquênio. Os trabalhos pesquisados trataram dos diferentes atores que compõem a EaD, como os tutores/mediadores, alunos, professores, gestores escolares e os documentos oficiais. Além disso, algumas produções investigaram o design de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, bem como relataram experiências com disciplinas específicas da matemática como introdução à análise real e instrumentação para o ensino da geometria.
Palavras-chave: EaD. Ensino de matemática. Estado do conhecimento. Interação. Tecnologias digitais.
Is reporting many cases of COVID-19 in Iran due to strength or weakness of Iran’s health system?
Authors: Mounesan Leila , Eybpoosh Sana , Haghdoost AliAkbar , Moradi Ghobad , Mostafavi Ehsan
Published: April 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Immuno-proteomics analysis between OMV of vaccine and dominant wild type strains of Bordetella pertussis in Iran
Authors: Badamchi Ali , Bahrami Fariborz , Hadizadeh Tasbiti Alireza , Yari Shamsi , Shafiei Morvarid , Shahcheraghi Fereshteh , Siadat Seyed Davar
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives: Despite widespread vaccination programs against pertussis, there has been a worldwide re- surgence of the disease in recent years. We aimed to investigate protein composition of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) of Bordetella pertussis (Bp) and to evaluate the immunogenicity of OMV antigens both in the vaccine and the dominant wild type strains in Iran.
Materials and Methods: The OMV were purified from both vaccine and wild type strains. The immunoreactivity of the OMVs was investigated by exposing sera taken from the patients and the vaccinated infants. The protein profiles of OMVs were compared using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The LC-MS/MS was used to analyse and identify differentially ex- pressed protein spots.
Results: The two type strains showed differences in their 2D gel protein profile. Further analysis of selected proteins from the dominant Iranian strains using LC-MS/MS demonstrated that the identified proteins fell into different functional catego- ries including (i) metabolism, (ii) membrane transport and secretion system, (iii) biosynthesis and degradation, (iv) adaption, adhesion, pathogenicity, conserved hypothetical and protection responses. Moreover, a number of immunogenic proteins were identified including Bp 2434 (serine protease) and Bp 1616 (putative DNA binding protein) from the vaccine and the wild type strains, respectively which could be considered as potential antigens for an OMV vaccine.
Conclusion: OMV Bp could be considered as an alternative vaccine against pertussis, containing the bacterium’s protein antigens that can confer equal efficacy compared to a whole bacterial cell vaccine with advantages such as less side effects and lower costs than acellular pertussis vaccines.
Development of multiplex PCR for rapid detection of metallo-β-lactamase genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Ranjbar Reza , Zayeri Shahin , Mirzaie Amir
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii has been known as a major pathogen causing nosocomial infec- tions. The aim of this study was to develop multiplex PCR for rapid and simultaneous detection of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes in clinical isolates of A. baumannii.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we used three sets of primers to amplify the MBL genes including bla        ,
 
 
bla
 
and bla
 
OXA-48
. The multiplex PCR assay was optimized for rapid and simultaneous detection of MBL genes in A. bau-
 
OXA-23
 
NDM
 
mannii strains recovered from clinical samples.
Results: A. baumannii strains recovered from clinical samples were subjected to the study. The multiplex PCR produced 3
 

OXA-48

 

OXA-23

 

bands of 501 bp for bla        , 744 bp for bla
observed in multiplex PCR.
 
OXA-48
 
and 623 bp for bla
 
NDM
 
genes. In addition to, no any cross-reactivity was
 
Conclusion: Based on obtained data, the multiplex PCR had a good specificity without any cross reactivity and it appears
that the multiplex PCR is reliable assay for simultaneous detection of MBL genes in A. baumannii strains.
Comparative evaluation of hydrogen peroxide sporicidal efficacy by different standard test methods
Authors: Sadeghi Simin , Abdollahi Soosan , Tarighi Parastoo , Samadi Nasrin
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives: There are different sporicidal standard tests with various specifications to deal with products
that are claimed for sporicidal activity. The aim of this study was to compare the 7% H O  sporicidal efficacy against Bacillus
2     2
subtilis spores using different standard test methods.
Materials and Methods: The 7% H O  sporicidal efficacy against Bacillus subtilis spores was determined according to the
2     2
AOAC MB-15-04 standard of carrier test and two standard suspension tests (BS EN 13704, AFNOR NF 72-230) in both clean and dirty conditions and by using different interfering substances including bovine serum albumin, yeast extract and skimmed milk.
Results: The results of suspension tests with 3 × 105  and 2 × 107  CFU/ml of B. subtilis spore concentration demonstrated
 
that the higher spore counts lead to lower efficacy of 7% H O . Also, the sporicidal activity of 7% H O
 
was reduced in the
 
2     2                                                                                                              2     2
presence of interfering substances. Bovine serum albumin, yeast, and skimmed milk showed similar interfering effects in suspension test with 3 × 105  CFU/ml. While, in suspension tests with higher initial spore count (2 × 107  CFU/ml) severity of interfering effects were intensified and distinct. Our results indicated that the carrier sporicidal test in comparison with suspension tests required more contact time to kill B. subtilis spores.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that it is reasonable to use interfering substances and inoculated carriers in accordance with actual conditions of product usage in a sporicidal test. Interfering substances may reduce the contact surface
between H O  and test spores; therefore, the sporicidal efficacy of H O  was diminished. So applying suspension test in clean
2     2                                                                                                                                                         2     2
condition to verify the claim of sporicidal activity is strongly discouraged
Design Quality Assurance System «Product Studio»
Authors: Zakharov D.A. , Mizgulin V.V. , Malitsky V.S.
Published: April 2020

The article describes the systems engineering processes, the current problems encountered in the work of a system engineer, the reasons for their occurrence and the goals, functionality of the new system tool “Product Studio”. «Product Studio» is Design Product Quality Assurance System and it aims to simplify the activities of the system engineer, providing the necessary functionality to perform the relevant processes from requirements definition and management, to the formation of architectural and technical solutions.
Keywords: system engineering, system modeling tools, system life cycle process, software system, system engineering activities, architectural design, system modeling languages, current problems in the SE work
Identification of Information System Functional Problems Using the Model of Requirements and Cause-effect Relationships
Authors: Vandyshev D.R. , Kulemin A.N. , Nachalov D.S.
Published: April 2020

The paper defines the models of the objective tree and the current reality tree. Such models allow to define problems on the basis of cause-effect relations. The paper provides general recommendations for the application of these models. It describes their application on the example of an information system, a compound program complex. The information is accompanied by visual images in the form of diagrams. The information system is used in the field of retail to solve many different problems. The paper explains the need to identify problems. Within the framework of the example, the system’s stakeholders are defined and their interaction with the objective tree is given. After that, a certain objective is considered and the reason for that is given. As a result of using the current reality tree, the paper compiles a list of root problems.  At the end, it proves the connection between the solution of low-level problems and the implementation of high-level objectives. Finally, it provides recommendations for further work related to the selected list of problems.
Keywords: current reality tree, system, stakeholders, objective tree, retail, problems definition
Modernization of Test Benches of UDMW
Authors: Baltinskii A. U.
Published: April 2020

The article analyzes the reasons for the downtime of test stands, reveals the shortcomings of the automated control system, and suggests ways to solve the problems.
Keywords: automation of control systems of technological processes, modernization.
Implementation of a Systematic Approach to the Design a Communal Car CM
Authors: Mitrofanov S.V.
Published: April 2020

The article presents an analysis of the implementation of a systematic approach to the design of CM at the enterprise of the military-industrial complex without experience in the development of civilian products using requirements engineering. The advantages of architectural and modular principles in the design are described and how these principles are integrated into a single system of design documentation is shown.
Annotation: utility vehicle, modular principle, unified system of design documentation.
Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de cepas de Escherichia coli obtenidas de muestras de heces de cerdos destinados a Consumo Humano
Authors: Toledo Enver , Falcon Néstor , Flores Cesar , Rebatta Mónica , Guevara José , Ramos Daphne
Published: April 2020

Escherichia coli es la especie bacteriana más común de la flora intestinal. La infección de cerdos por parte de cepas de E. coli es un problema frecuente, por lo tanto el conocimiento sobre la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de estas cepas es importante, debido a que pueden llegar a infectar al ser humano produciendo enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos de difícil tratamiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la sensibilidad antimicrobiana de cepas de E. coli aisladas de cerdos aptos para consumo humano. Se tomaron en total de 40 muestras de heces de cerdos de las cuales se aislándose 36 cepas de E. coli. La evaluación antimicrobiana se realizó por el método de Kirby Bauer, para esta evaluación se consideraron 10 antibióticos de uso frecuente y algunos no autorizados para uso animal. Se encontró que el 100 % de las cepas fueron resistentes a tetracicilina, el 97.2% a cefalotina, el 86.2% a ampicilina, el 77.8% a sulfametoxazol-trimetropin, el 75% para estreptomicina y el 63.9 % a ácido nalidixico. La sensibilidad fue mayor para amikacina (88.9%), gentamicina (80.6%), ciprofloxacina (66.7%), y cloranfenicol (55.6%). El estudio evidencio la presencia de cepas de E. coli resistentes hasta a 8 antibióticos, lo que podría indicar un mal manejo de la terapia antimicrobiana durante la crianza de estos cerdos.
La genèse et le développement des concepts de l’évaluation génétique classique
Authors: LALOË D.
Published: April 2020

On décrit les aspects fondamentaux de l'évaluation génétique à travers quelques grandes étapes :- l'explicitation des concepts-clés de génotype et phénotype,- le modèle polygénique de Fisher, et la formulation de la covariance entre apparentés,- les apports d'Henderson qui, couplés avec l'explosion des capacités informatiques, ont permis l'évaluation génétique simultanée de millions d'animaux.
Ces concepts, modèles et méthodes s'inscrivent dans une approche instrumentaliste qui ne prétend pas refléter la réalité. Leur efficacité a été prouvée à travers la réalisation d'un progrès génétique dans toutes les espèces évaluées.
SHERLOCK and DETECTR: CRISPR-Cas Systems as Potential Rapid Diagnostic Tools for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Cancer-Associated Mutations
Authors: Mustafa Mujahed , Makhawi Abdelrafie
Published: April 2020

Sensitive and precise nucleic acid detection is critical for clinical diagnostics and biotechnological advancements. Diagnostic in infectious disease field is very unique from diagnosing any other disease, that is time is of the essence; in outbreaks people die even with each passing hour in some cases, if the correct diagnosis wasn't make; for example Zika in particularly is a very challenging virus to diagnose, because it's in very few numbers of copies in the infected person, so it need high sensitive diagnostic approach to spot it, In particular, the advanced tools SHERLOCKv2 and DETECTR, give almost an immediate detection of attomolar amounts of pathogenic nucleic acids with specificity similar to that of PCR but with slight technical settings and that will guide the correct intervention for the patient. SHERLOCKv2 and DETECTR technologies are game changers for our ability to identify infectious disease and rapid detection of tumor DNA or cancer-related viruses with ultra-sensitive tests that don’t require a lot of complicated processing to go through. In this paper, we will review cutting-edge infectious disease diagnosis by CRISPR-Cas systems.
COVID-19: A Review on Molecular Basis, Pathogenic Mechanisms, Therapeutic Aspects and Future Projections
Authors: Faiq Muneeb , Kumar Ashutosh , Singh Himanshu , Pareek Vikas , Qadri Rizwana , Raza Khursheed , Kumari Chiman , Narayan Ravi , Kumar Pavan , Kulandhasamy Maheswari , Pandey Sada
Published: April 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 is a recently identified positive sense single stranded RNA virus and member of the coronavirus family of viruses. It is thought to be the etiological factor for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This virus is thought to have originated from bats and acquired ability of human-to-human transmission. While SARS-CoV-2 is relatively benign, it has infected more than half a million people (as of March 29th 2020) worldwide and the number of infected people continues to rise. More than 170 countries have reported COVID-19 positive cases. With a mortality rate of less than both the previous coronavirus outbreaks, COVID-19 has (conversely) caused the death of over 33,980 (as of 29th March, 2020 at 22.00 hours EDT) people worldwide and the number is increasing. Given the enormous impact of this virus on human health and wellbeing and consequent devastating impacts on world trade, economics and quality of life, it is important to understand this virus better and get insight into its pathogenic mechanisms which will aid in devising effective measure to curb its spread and predict future pattern of its interaction with humans. Though very little is known about this SARS-CoV-2 but its mechanisms and patterns of spread can be speculated (with caution, nevertheless) from what we know about its closest relatives SARS-CoV-1 (responsible for SARS-2002 epidemic) and MERS-CoV (responsible for MERS-2012 epidemic). In the present review, we aim at bringing together the coherent and peer reviewed literature about the SARS-CoV-2 and its close relatives and try to understand its infection patterns and reconstruct its pathogenic mechanisms with anecdotes on diagnosis and future directions. We hope that this paper will serve the purpose of being a reliable source of information to scientists, clinicians and general public.
Neutrophil Dynamics in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Maréchal Patrick , Tridetti Julien , Nguyen Mai-Linh , Wéra Odile , Jiang Zheshen , Gustin Maxime , Donneau Anne-Françoise , Oury Cécile , Lancellotti Patrizio
Published: April 2020

Aims: Clinical evidence indicates that innate immune cells may contribute to the onset and outcome of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our prospective study aimed at analysing neutrophil phenotypes in ACS and their role in predicting 1-year major cardiovascular events.
Methods: Blood neutrophil phenotypes were analysed by flow cytometry. Differential blood cell count and plasma levels of soluble markers were recorded at admission and at 6-month follow-up.
Results: 108 patients categorized in chronic stable coronary artery disease (n=37), unstable angina (UA) (n=19), Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) (n=25), and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) (n=27) were included. STEMI and NSTEMI patients displayed higher neutrophil count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) than stable and UA patients (P<0.0001), which normalized at 6-month after MI. STEMI patients were characterized by elevated percentages of band cells in low-density neutrophils (P=0.007) and in high-density neutrophils (P=0.019) compared to the other patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma levels of total MPO was associated with STEMI when compared to stable (OR: 1.434; 95% CI: 1.119-1.837; P<0.0001), UA (1.47; 1.146-1.886; P=0.002), and NSTEMI (1.213; 1.1-1.134; P=0.0001) patients, while increased neutrophil SSC signal intensity was associated with NSTEMI compared to stable patients (3.828; 1.033-14.184; P=0.045). Based on multivariable Cox regression analysis, elevated plasma levels of PCSK9 and low-density neutrophil percentage predicted 1-year outcome independently of cardiovascular risk factors (c-index: 0.915; IQR: 0.908-0.929).
Conclusions: Changes in neutrophil phenotype are concomitant to ACS. These changes may differ between STEMI and NSTEMI. They may also contribute to ACS risk and patient outcome.
Analysis on Steering Performance of Active Steering Bogie According to Steering Angle Control in Curve Section
Authors: Hur Hyunmoo , Shin Yujeong , Ahn Dahoon
Published: April 2020

The steering performance according to the steering angle control was tested by using the active steering bogie developed to reduce excessive wheels and rail wear and noise generated when the railway vehicle run in a curved section. As a result of the test of increasing the steering angle in accordance with the target steering angle in the 300m radius of curvature, the bogie is gradually aligned in the radial steering position, and when the control is carried out to 100% of the target steering angle, the bogie angles of the front and rear bogies appeared almost the same. As the steering angle increased, wheel lateral force and derailment coefficient also decreased. Therefore, the validity of the radial steering position control method applied in this paper was confirmed experimentally. This test results will be used for future research on active steering bogie commercialization.
Formulation Strategies to Improve Oral Bioavailability of Ellagic Acid
Authors: Zuccari Guendalina , Baldassari Sara , Ailuno Giorgia , Turrini Federica , Alfei Silvana , Caviglioli Gabriele
Published: April 2020

Ellagic acid, a polyphenolic compound present in fruits and berries, has recently been object of extensive research for its antioxidant activity, which might be useful for the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular pathologies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Its protective role justifies numerous attempts to include it in functional food preparations and in dietary supplements not only to limit the unpleasant collateral effects of chemotherapy. However, ellagic acid use as chemopreventive agent has been debated because of its poor bioavailability associated to low solubility, limited permeability, first pass effect, and interindividual variability in gut microbial transformations. To overcome these drawbacks, various strategies for oral administration including solid dispersions, micro-nanoparticles, inclusion complexes, self-emulsifying systems, polymorphs have been proposed. Here, we have listed an updated description of pursued micro/nanotechnological approaches focusing on the fabrication processes and the features of the obtained products, as well as on the positive results yielded by in vitro and in vivo studies in comparison to the raw material. The micro/nano-sized formulations here described might be exploited for pharmaceutical delivery of this active, as well as for the production of nutritional supplements or for the enrichment of novel foods.
The Powerful Immune System Against Powerful COVID-19: A Hypothesis
Authors: Taghizadeh-Hesary Farzad , Akbari Hassan
Published: April 2020

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. Since December 2019, the world has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but the factors affecting the immune system against COVID-19 have not been well described. In this article, we provide a novel hypothesis to describe how an increase in cellular adenosine triphosphate (c-ATP) can potentially improve the efficiency of innate and adaptive immune systems to either prevent and fight off COVID-19.
Does Zinc Supplementation Enhance the Clinical Efficacy of Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine to Win Todays Battle Against COVID-19?
Authors: Scholz Martin , Derwand Roland
Published: April 2020

Currently, drug repurposing is an alternative to novel drug development for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) and its metabolite hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are currently being tested in several clinical studies as potential candidates to limit SARS-CoV-2-mediated morbidity and mortality. CQ and HCQ (CQ/HCQ) inhibit pH-dependent steps of SARS-CoV-2 replication by increasing pH in intracellular vesicles and interfere with virus particle delivery into host cells. Besides direct antiviral effects, CQ/HCQ specifically target extracellular zinc to intracellular lysosomes where it interferes with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and coronavirus replication. As zinc deficiency frequently occurs in elderly patients and in those with cardiovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, or diabetes, we hypothesize that CQ/HCQ plus zinc supplementation may be more effective in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality than CQ or HCQ in monotherapy. Therefore, CQ/HCQ in combination with zinc should be considered as additional study arm for COVID-19 clinical trials.