bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Australian Osteopath’s Attitudes towards Anatomy Training as Part of their Pre-Professional Education
Authors: R Blaich
Published: January 2024

Since the inception of osteopathy as a health profession in the late 19th century, anatomy has played a fundamental role in practitioners’ education. The aim of this study was to explore attitudes towards anatomy of Australian osteopathic practitioners (osteopaths) by way of a questionnaire-based survey. This survey was distributed to osteopathic practitioners at a national osteopathic conference and an osteopathic workshop in 2015. From 175 attendees, 168 surveys were returned (96.0% response rate), which represents 8.73% (168/1925) of Australian registered osteopaths in 2015. Among the respondents, 48.2% were male and 51.8% female, with an age distribution similar to that of the registered practitioners. Respondents had a mean of 11.1 years in clinical practice and 87.5% of them had studied osteopathy in Australia. Respondents considered that the anatomy curriculum in their pre-professional osteopathic programmes contained enough detail for safe clinical practice. A large majority (88.6%) of respondents agreed that the anatomy content should be integrated with clinical subjects and spread throughout the osteopathic programme. Respondents were provided with access to a wide range of anatomy learning resources in their anatomy training and 84.9% preferred the learning of anatomy content from cadavers. A clear majority of respondents favourably consider the anatomy curriculum within their pre-professional osteopathic programmes and the relevance of anatomy for safe clinical practice. They highlighted the importance of clinically integrated delivery and use of cadavers in anatomy teaching. These results will inform future osteopathic educators to ensure anatomy curriculum in preprofessional osteopathic programmes is relevant and adequate.
Variations in the Drainage Pattern of Testicular and Renal Veins, and Bilateral Duplication of Renal Arteries with Prehilar Divisions
Authors: CB Tessema
Published: January 2024

The dissection of a 76-year-old male donor with a consent for research and publication, revealed variations of the renal and testicular vasculature where the right testicular vein joined a right accessory renal vein to form a common trunk that opened into the right renal vein. The left renal vein descended obliquely to the left ventral to the pair of left renal arteries, under crossed the prehilar branches of the arteries dorsally as it approaches the left kidney and entered the hilum posterior to the arterial branches. Both kidneys were supplied by two renal arteries (superior and inferior). The left superior renal artery followed the course of the left renal vein, crossed inferiorly ventral to the inferior renal artery, and then the last part of the left renal vein to enter the lower corner of the hilum of the left kidney. The bilaterally duplicated renal arteries broke up into anterior and posterior prehilar (early) divisions that entered the respective kidney. The co-occurrence of such multiple and complex a variation is of nephron-urological importance and can complicate nephro-surgeries, interventional radiologic procedures and the management of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Role of Peripheral Blood Film in Renal Diseases
Authors: G Kapatia
Published: January 2024

Peripheral blood smear examination is a diagnostic tool used in the assessment of various clinical conditions, including kidney diseases. While it is not a primary test for diagnosing kidney diseases, it can provide valuable insights into the presence of anemia, hemolysis, platelet abnormalities, infections, and other systemic changes that can be associated with kidney disorders. It is important to note that peripheral blood smear examination is just one aspect of a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation for kidney diseases and is not a direct method for diagnosing kidney diseases. Other tests, such as blood chemistry, urinalysis, kidney function tests imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound, CT scan), are essential for a complete assessment and accurate diagnosis. In this article, we have stressed on the role of simple and cheap test- peripheral blood film in renal diseases. We have discussed various renal diseases which show different findings on peripheral blood film. All the hematologists, nephrologists and hematopathologists should be aware of these findings.
A Brief Review on Some Important Notes about the Anatomy of the Intracranial Sinuses
Authors: B Saberi
Published: January 2024

Effective functioning of the intracranial blood circulation is of great importance for the appropriate function of the brain and surrounding structures. Intracranial veins and sinuses play an important role in this process. Studying the anatomy of the intracranial veins and sinuses is of great importance both in understanding the blood circulation of the brain and relevant structures and also in understanding the relevant pathologies which can affect such circulation. This brief review tries to point to some important notes about the anatomy of the intracranial sinuses.
Prediction of Stature Using Fingers' Lengths
Authors: RS Osaat
Published: January 2024

Estimation of stature is of paramount importance in verifying the identity of an individual from the bodily remains, often after any kind of mass disaster, explosion, etc. This study aimed at predicting the stature of students using their finger’s lengths. A total number of 300 students (153 females and 147 males) of Madonna University, Nigeria, was evaluated, age ranging from 18 to 25 years. All the subjects had complete fingers. Stature was measured with stadiometer while Fingers lengths were measured using a straight line ruler, all in centimeters. The data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), and the differences were tested using Z-test. The association between stature and Fingers Length was determined using Pearson chi-squared test. The results showed significant difference in the length of the fingers in both right and left hands of males and females respectively (p<0.01). From the result the middle fingers ranked highest for both male and female while the little fingers ranked least. A good correlation was found between the right middle finger and the height in the females and between the left middle finger and height in males. This shows that as the height of females increases, the middle finger of the right hand also increases significantly compared to the left hand middle finger (p<0.01), conversely, as males increase in height, their left hand middle finger tends to increase in length than the right hand middle finger (p<0.01). Linear regression equation was derived to predict stature from the finger’s lengths for male and female respectively. It was observed that amongst all the fingers, the middle fingers right-females and left-males, tend to correlate better with stature than every other finger, and therefore have the possibility of predicting stature than other fingers.
Anatomy of the Human Brain and the Nervous System on Thematic Badges
Authors: KA Bugaevsky
Published: January 2024

This article presents the results of a study on the search, in the Internet, images of thematic icons on the anatomy of the brain and the human nervous system. The images found were converted into screenshots and presented, in the materials of the article, as illustrations, accompanied by appropriate explanatory comments. All the screenshots presented in the article were, in a strictly mandatory manner, in accordance with the observance of copyright, provided with links to the relevant sites, from where they were all borrowed.
Anatomical and Morphological Features of the Pelvic Structure of Tall Female Students
Authors: KA Bugaevsky
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of a study of identification of the characteristics of the bone of the pelvis at the female students of high growth. The aim of the article is the description and analysis of the identified morphological and anatomical and anthropological features of the pelvis of the girls. The methods of the study were pelviometry, anthropometry, method of indices, analysis and statistical processing of the results. The dimensions of the female pelvis, the basis of all professional activities of a midwife as an important subject of pregnancy and birth. Therefore, of particular interest is a comprehensive study of special values of morphological and anthropological indicators, the variability of shapes and size of the pelvis in young women, especially in youth and the first reproductive years, among which is dominated by a female students. As a result of our research in the whole group we obtained the mean value of the index of pelvic bones – 40,53±0,84 cm, indicating a sufficient level of maturity and readiness. In the studied group of students is dominated by tall girl having indicators is not wide or normal and the narrow pelvis – 76,67%. Also noteworthy is the fact that almost every third girl are more or І-III degree of narrowing of the pelvis on the background of its morpho-anthropometric changes, which is quite common among modern girls. It is established that the external dimensions of the pelvis are in close correlation with other dimensions of a woman's body where leading role belongs to the length and body weight. The results of the study indicate that among students of high growth are dominated by those that are shoulder-width apart (35,50±0,86 cm) longer than the width of the pelvis (32,12±0,43 cm). This shows android and not gynecolgy type of construction of the torso of the body, which is not typical for girls. The practical significance of the conducted research consists in the identification of certain violations of reproductive health among this group of students of high growth. It is established that in the future, having identified numerous changes in the structure and shape of the bony pelvis, most of them can have problems during pregnancy and childbirth. The results of the study indicate that among students with high growth are dominated by those that have a shoulder width greater than the width of the pelvis. This shows android and not genecide type of build of the trunk of the body, is not typical for girls. The absolute predominance of different options narrow basins indicates that among modern girls undergoing certain morphological changes in their bodies. Further research will focus on studying the peculiarities of the menstrual cycle in this group.
Potential of Sulforaphane to Ameliorate the Deleterious Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on Spermatic Vitality and the Histological Architecture of Seminiferous Tubules Antioxidant Mediated Pathway
Authors: S Ahmed Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Sulforaphane (Sf) is found abundantly in raw vegetables with a potent antioxidant potential. Several studies had reported the harmful effects of monosodium glutamate (MG) on the histological structure of testis and semen quality. This study was established to study the potential of Sf to protect the spermatic vitality and the histological architecture of seminiferous tubules from the deleterious effects of MG. Forty albino rats were used and were separated into 4 groups that received Sf and MG supplementations. Sf was found to ameliorate the deleterious action of Sf on spermatic vitality and motility. Sf showed its potential to restore the sex hormones levels and to enhance antioxidant markers, in addition, to preserve the histological architecture of the testis after administration of MG. In conclusion, Sf plays a crucial role in protecting the testicles on a functional and histological dimension
Metric Variation on Neurocranium among Some Ancient and Contemporary Human Populations (Adult Males) of Indian SubContinent
Authors: DK Adak
Published: January 2024

Background: It is always difficult to assess the inter-group relationships by utilizing data based on sample univariate populations. One usually faces the problem of biological taxonomy in this case. To understand such problem multivariate statistical analysis is necessary. This study deals with neurocranium characteristics of four population groups from Indian Sub-Continent. Methods: Skulls of the four populations (Harappa, Kumhar Tekri, Contai, 24 parganas) were studied. Altogether 60 adult male skulls (Harappa=10, Kumhar Tekri=10, Contai=20, 24 Parganas=20) were measured. Four length and four breadth measurements were taken. Cranial index was calculated. From the data obtained, size and shape factors were calculated. D2 P values were calculated and dendrogram was computed on the basis on D2 P values. Results: Highest value of maximum cranial length, glabella inion length, nasion inion length, glabella lambda length and minimum frontal breadth were recorded in Harappa and its lowest values were recorded in Contai skull. While Harappa, Kumhar Tekri and 24 Parganas skull were mainly orthocranial, Contai skull was mainly hypsicranial. Mean values for size and shape distance between 6 pairs were 1.14 and 1.92 respectively. This implies that the four population groups show a tendency to differ more in shape distance than size distance. Dendrogram depicts that Contai and 24 Parganas populations form a cluster. But other two are distantly placed with this cluster. However, the Harappa maintains a far distance with other three population groups. Conclusion: Higher means of shape values than the size is recoded. This implies that the four population groups show a tendency to differ more in shape distance than size distance. Finding of this study is indicative of interesting corroboration between neurocranium characteristics and inter-group relationships.
Gastroenterology: Anatomy of the Organs of the Human Digestive System, in Reflection of Phaleristics, on Thematic Badges
Authors: KA Bugaevsky
Published: January 2024

The article presents materials related to the reflection in the means of phaleristics, on thematic icons of the organs of the digestive system and collection materials on human gastroenterology, its structure and function. A significant number of thematic badges are presented - 48 copies, the obverse of which is colorfully decorated with screenshots of drawings dedicated to the structure of the most diverse organs of the human digestive system.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Encephalitis in an Immunocompetent Adult: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: L Martinez-Hernandez
Published: January 2024

Herpetic encephalitis is the most common cause of fatal sporadic encephalitis. Beyond the neonatal period, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the etiologic agent in nearly all cases, with < 10% of cases attributable to HSV-2. Nevertheless, neurological infections caused by HSV-2 are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it must be diagnosed and treated at an early stage. It is classically characterized by a triad of fever, headache, and behavioral changes. The association of these symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging is fundamental for the early diagnosis and immediate treatment of this pathology to prevent its progression from being fatal. We report a rare case of HSV-2 encephalitis in a previously healthy 61-year-old man, free of genital lesions, who presented with altered mental status, fever, altered cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) with lymphocytic pleocytosis, normal brain imaging, and an initially negative CFS polymerase chain reaction for HSV-1 and HSV-2.
Pandemics throughout History
Authors: MH Heydargoy
Published: January 2024

Throughout history, the world has faced various diseases, some of which have become pandemics. A pandemic means a disease whose epidemic has spread beyond several continents. For example, the AIDS and Covid-19 pandemics have been the closest pandemics in the past years. Bacteria and viruses often cause these diseases. Some of these diseases that have become pandemics have been transmitted to humans by animals as carriers or mediators and have caused disease. These diseases are called zoonotic. The first disease that became pandemic can be mentioned as the plague disease first occurred during the rule of the Parthians. The battle between the Romans and the Parthians in the Tigris, region caused the Antonine plague pandemic that spread to Europe in 165-180 AD. Plague has always been among the diseases with the highest mortality. After that, other terrible diseases such as smallpox with 56 million deaths, or the Spanish flu with 50 million deaths appeared. The latest pandemic that we have been involved in is the COVID-19 pandemic, which was declared by the WHO as a new pandemic on March 11, 2020. We can study past pandemics and learn from them how to deal with future pandemics in order to have the lowest death rate. Maybe another pandemic is coming. According to the statistical data of the coronavirus family, from 1890 to 2019, they have been the cause of four pandemics, and in the last three pandemics, we have seen the distance between them decrease and they become stronger, the possibility of another epidemic in the next seven years from the family there is a coronavirus. By studying historical, statistical, and medical sources, this article examines and provides complete information regarding the pandemics that have existed in history
Strategies for Success: Developing Covid-19 Management Toolkit
Authors: ST Gopukumar
Published: January 2024

Covid-19 had engaged as a devastation in the lives of all individuals with in consanguineous world. At present its possessions are ruling the residence among immeasurable origins of human existence. Subsequently, as reverberation of affirmative covid-19 cases who liberally convalesce, but the contemporary proof approves pretentiously. Nonetheless they recover from their preliminary ailments from 60% - 75% of populaces has the ability towards the trifling of long-standing consequence to hindrances. The break in proceedings obligated through the subsists of entire globe underneath physically, psychological and generally as a civic. Various aids exist and terminate the appeal to conceal the pole of inconveniency and fitness as far as patronage of civilization. Few skills are similar to rehabilitation training aimed at therapeutic refit and managing the aperture instantly. Intended for Covid-19, fragmented with strategies for well-being care of humanitarian and implicit the fact of training health care wage-earners. Due to Covid-19, emerge by accomplish complications, as a part of essential assistances devise to crop up gladly in the guidance of all precautions. Authorities struggle along with competent to support and conflict the unsafe circumstances through Covid-19. Still the acquaintance besides experience with equivalent state of activities in a tranquil mode of scare and momentary characterization including literacy, thus the assorted skills proclaimed constantly to artefact.
Collectivity Disorders
Authors: Favre Dre Dragana
Published: January 2024

Remember those games of anthropomorphizing countries, flowers, trees, and animals, for example: If Switzerland were a flower, it would be...” and similar? I have always enjoyed them; that was “a very human” type of fun.” However, sometimes it is far from fun. Working in psychiatric emergency care makes emergency care makes us scan rapidly for the personality types of the patients. It is overly unprofessional and again human as well. The wish for survival comes before the wish for curiosity. The severely alcoholized patient who is acting with access to violence can be a sad person expressing the suppressed rage of abandonment but could be a potentially dangerous person looking for the pain, own or that of others. Instinctively we scan for danger before we look for origins of the behavior. Rapid jumping to conclusions could have long-lasting consequences
Human-Computer Interaction: Lights, Shadows, and Spotlights
Authors: Orfei Maria Donata
Published: January 2024

In the last decades, Information and Computer Technology (ICT) has become part and parcel of our lives, bringing undeniable advantages, especially in the workplace, both to individuals and organizations. Nonetheless, the increasingly massive use of ICT also contributed to a higher risk for maladaptive effects on quality of life, thus jeopardizing workers’ well-being. From the perspective of the organizational safety approach, the study of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is crucial. Despite this, so far, much attention has been paid to ergonomics and to technostress, but mostly from a sectorial perspective and disregarding several additional phenomena. In this conceptual paper, a multidimensional model able to go beyond the ergonomic features necessary to set a functional physical environment and facilitate the isomorphism mind-ICT is advocated. We point out a modern approach aimed at exploring additional dimensions underpinning HCI in the workplace, with a dual purpose: to highlight possible risk factors for maladjustment and to pave the way for intervention strategies to facilitate a healthy HCI.
Rehabilitation of Children and Adolescents with Deviant Behavior and Neurosis-Like Pseudoneurasthenic States of Residual Organic Genesis
Authors: Boltivets : Sergii Ivanovich
Published: January 2024

The article presents the content and modes of treatment and rehabilitation of children and adolescents with related neuropsychiatric disorders accompanied by behavioral abnormalities. The complexity and ambiguity of solving this problem by many researchers, as well as the tendency to deepen the understanding of the content, means and methods of rehabilitation of children and adolescents in various directions related to school and social and labor maladjustment, risk factors for various forms of behavioral disorders, were noted. The general trend is to develop and carry out for this contingent of sick children and adolescents not only effective drug therapy, but also special measures for their sufficient social adaptation in the future. On the basis of methodological and organizational principles, which include partnership, comprehensiveness of influence, the unity of psychosocial and biological methods of influence, the sequence of rehabilitation measures, the implementation of a systemic approach to the rehabilitation of children and adolescents with deviant behavior and neurotic-like pseudoneurasthenic states of residual organic genesis is revealed. On the basis of the results of the examination and the identification of the causes of the formation of behavioral disorders of 576 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years, developed and tested medically differentiated rehabilitation regimens are given, the effectiveness of which is confirmed by the final examinations and the 1-3-year catamnesis of 438 children and adolescents or 76.0 % of the total number who received a full course of restorative therapy and correction of behavioral disorders. It was concluded that the results of restorative therapy and correction of behavioral disorders of children and adolescents with deviant behavior and neurotic-like pseudoneurasthenic states of residual organic genesis require further stabilization of positive premorbid traits in family relationships. In this regard, it is important to further correct the communication difficulties of adolescents in social and psychological training for the formation of self-regulation skills in establishing and maintaining positive relationships with peers and significant adults.
Depression and Suicide among Undergraduate Students of a Public University in Ghana
Authors: Amankwah Koduah
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Incidents of suicide cases and its related episodes increases in tertiary institutions and attract extreme mass media attention with a high proportion of suicide among college students. Globally, over 800 000 people die of suicide every year and it is the second leading cause of death in 15−29-year-olds. This study assessed depression and suicidal tendencies among KNUST undergraduate students. Methods: This study employed a cross sectional study, Likert scaled questionnaires on self-esteem, depression, and suicidal behaviour. And also closed ended questionnaires on availability of suicide preventive services on campus. Results: The study found out that majority of the students had high level of self-esteem (84.20%). Also, the prevalence of depression among students in this study was 25.15% for major depression episode and 66.34% for people who at mild depression. Again, it was revealed in this study that a prevalence of 26.37% suicidal tendency and its related behaviour exist among KNUST undergraduate students. Depression and Suicidal tendency demonstrated a weak and insignificant correlation of r= 0.18, p<0.001), that high self-esteem becomes protective against individual suicidal tendency. Depression score also contributes to an increase in suicidality by 0.18 times with an increase in depression rate, this relationship was statistically insignificant (0.18; 95% CI = 0.15, 0.19; p<0.001). Conclusion: Majority of the students have no or little idea about the availability of suicide supportive services. More education programmes and awareness creation should be regular to increase students’ knowledge on the availability of suicide supportive services such as suicide hotlines/helplines on campus.
A Brief Conceptual Approach to Inner Ear Drug Delivery System
Authors: Sarangi Deepak
Published: January 2024

The inner ear, a delicate and intricate organ responsible for auditory and vestibular functions, poses unique challenges for drug delivery due to its isolation and complex anatomy. This paper provides a concise overview of a conceptual approach to inner ear drug delivery systems, exploring the current landscape and emerging technologies in this specialized field. We delve into the anatomical and physiological considerations that influence drug delivery to the inner ear and discuss various strategies to overcome barriers, including the blood-labyrinth barrier. Furthermore, the review highlights recent advancements in nanotechnology, targeted drug delivery, and innovative formulations designed to optimize therapeutic outcomes while minimizing systemic side effects. By understanding the nuances of inner ear drug delivery, this conceptual approach aims to contribute to the development of novel strategies that hold promise for improved treatments of inner ear disorders, fostering advancements in auditory and vestibular healthcare.
Spectral Energy Distribution of Flares in the Variable Star AO Serpentis
Authors: Esaenwi Sudum
Published: January 2024

Here we report on the flaring variable star AO Ser which was observed with the 0.4m SBIG optical telescope from Las Cumbres Obervatory Global Telescope Network remotely on 25/09/2022. The Spectrometric analysis was carried out with the SIMBAD Digital Sky Survey (DSS) menu from the VizieR GUI on the Aladin Software to obtain flux density, flare energy, flare wavelength and flare frequency. The light curve of AO Ser shows that the source has a strong presence of flares. Hence, we estimated the flare energy, flare wavelength and flare frequency of AO Ser at peak flares so as to deduce its spectral energy distribution. From the spectral energy distribution, the Aladin software automatically estimated the Flare Energy of AO Ser at(as) 1.09 2 e eV − , the Flare flux density of AO Ser F (ν ) at 3.27 1 e Jy + and Flare Flux Energy of AO Ser F (λ ) at 7.55 12 1 2 1 e erg cm m − −− − µ . We conclude that AO Ser is an eclipsing binary variable flaring stars that is losing mass in form of heat.
The Variation Effect of Solvents on the Physicochemical Properties Baobab (Ophelussitularius) Seeds Oil
Authors: Ibrahim Alia Mutasim Ali
Published: January 2024

It is remarkable to notice that Baobab seeds are normally discarded in Sudan, without knowing the great wealth hidden. The present study was conducted to determine physicochemical properties of Baobab (Ophelussitularis) seeds oil and select proper solvent for oil extraction from seeds which contain approximately 22-45%, used n-hexane and ethanol as solvents, leaching was done by solid extraction method. Physicochemical properties of the Baobab seeds oil were evaluated by standard and established methods. Oils and solvents were separated using rotary evaporator, recovery solvent were 91.2% and 75% for n-hexane and ethanol respectively. The obtained Baobab oils color were golden yellow (reddish yellow) not effected by type of solvent, it showed resistance to change in color, results showed the maximum Baobab oil yields were 16% and 13.5 % for n-hexane and ethanol respectively. Crude protein CP was found to be13.475 g/100 g, oil content was 13.26 g/, Saponification value SV 338.4925 g and 406.725 g/100 g for Baobab oil extracted with n-hexane and ethanol respectively. Results were obtained for ash content, crude fiber, acid value, FFA and rheological properties. Physicochemical properties indicated that n-hexane was more suitable to extract Baobab oil more than ethanol and recover easy. The difference was clearly visible in PV, AV and µ, while n-hexane yields pure oil more than ethanol. All those results detected that seeds of Baobab are beneficial if they extracted using n-hexane. It is recommended to conduct additional research on this issue and insert other solvents to select the best solvent and study the effect of different solvents on the properties of resulting oil.
Cardiac Tamponade in Idiopathic Capillary Leak Syndrome: Philippines’ First
Authors: Lapitan Raul L.
Published: January 2024

Background: Clarkson’s disease, more known as idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare condition characterized by hypotensive episodes due to capillary hyperpermeability, which may be manifested by fluid accumulation in any organ or potential space, causing range of complications: respiratory failure (from pulmonary edema or pleural effusion), mesenteric hypoperfusion (from hepatic congestion and severe intestinal edema), compartment syndrome and rhabdomyolysis, and even shock from hypovolemia or cardiac tamponade. Very few cases of cardiac tamponade have been reported and certainly a serious and life-threatening complication. Case Summary: A 44-year-old female, reported to have intermittent episodes of angioedema aggravated by menstruation and infection, came in due to persistent hypotension. Patient presented with flu-like symptoms and tested positive for COVID – 19 infection. Initial laboratories revealed hemoconcentration, slightly elevated creatinine and hypoalbuminemia. Electrolytes and urinalysis were normal. 2D echocardiography showed large pericardial effusion with right atrial and ventricular collapse suggestive of cardiac tamponade, hence patient underwent emergency pericardial windowing. Initial chest X-ray was normal but repeat study showed pleural effusion on the 4th day of admission which was drained surgically. Additional diagnostic tests revealed negative for hepatitis, Mycoplasmal and Epstein-Barr virus. Direct and indirect Coomb’s test were also negative and Lupus panel was unremarkable. Serum free light chain panel showed suspicious for low level monotypic serum free lambda light chains (based only on the free light ratio). Immunopathology results showed no overt evidence of monoclonal bands. Protein electrophoresis pattern showed decreased albumin fraction and increased alpha, beta, and gamma fractions. C1 inhibitor was slightly elevated while serum tryptase was within normal values. Patient was managed as a case of idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome or Clarkson’s disease. Aside from judicious fluid resuscitation and vasopressors assist Methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPPT) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) were administered. Patient was discharged with tapering doses of oral steroids and scheduled monthly IV immunoglobulin infusion. Conclusion: Cardiac tamponade, an uncommon yet severe and life-threatening complication of systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) or Clarkson’s disease, requires immediate intervention. While the exact cause remains unclear, research suggests that during acute SCLS episodes and hyperinflammatory states, fluid accumulation in the pericardial space can impede ventricular filling, leading to hemodynamic compromise.
The Role of Myocardial Fibrosis in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Grigoryan Svetlana
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the role of atrial myocardial fibrosis in the occurrence and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). The participation of such mechanisms as the profibrotic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) and their relationship to developing fibrosis was revealed. A relationship has been shown between atrial fibrosis and atrial remodeling.
Heart Failure and Myocarditis in a 27-Year-Old Male with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Lapitan Raul L.
Published: January 2024

HIV-associated cardiomyopathy is a complication of HIV infection that affects the structure and function of the heart. Early detection and diagnosis is crucial and routine cardiac workup is recommended with people living with HIV. In this report, we have a 27-year-old, Male, who identifies as gay, with a history of AIDS and has been living with HIV since 5 years from admission with a recent undetectable viral load. He presented with undocumented fever, cough and dyspnea over 7 days nonresponsive to Azithromycin. Multimodality imaging stands in the forefront of diagnosis of HIV-associated Cardiomyopathy and cardiomyopathies in general. Transthoracic 2D echocardiography or Cardiac MRI is recommended on initial evaluation among patients suspected to have the disease in order to identify its specific phenotype. Echocardiography is further recommended in monitoring the progression of the disease and response to therapy. Patient’s initial echocardiogram fulfilled the criteria for DCM with an LVEDD of 59mm and a reduced ejection fraction of 40%. Due to scheduling issues, Cardiac MRI was done 77 days after guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction ARNI, beta-blockers, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and diuretics as needed. Results showed significant improvement in ejection fraction to 60%, with resolution of previously seen hypokinesia, but persistence of the LV dilatation with an LV volume index of 121 mL/m2. More importantly, post-contrast imaging on the short axis show that there are linear mid-wall enhancement indicative of non-ischemic patterns of enhancement involving the basal to mid anterior septum, basal to mid inferior septum, basal to mid inferolateral, and basal lateral segments characteristic of a post-myocarditis cause of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Ectopic Supraventricular Rhythms during Exercise Electrocardiography
Authors: SR Mittal
Published: January 2024

Three cases of the new appearance of ectopic supraventricular rhythms during exercise electrocardiography are presented. Transient decrease in the rate of the sinoatrial node or transient increase in the rate of subsidiary pacemaker are responsible. Electrocardiographic criteria for diagnosing the site of origin of supraventricular ectopic foci are discussed. The diagnostic, and prognostic significance of such a finding is not known.
Prognostic Value of Ischemia Time in the Definitive Outcome of the Treatment of Acute Arterial Ischemia of the Extremities
Authors: Zamora Jose Luis Cabrera
Published: January 2024

The medical-surgical treatment of acute arterial ischemia of the extremities represents, due to its frequency and severity, one of the most severe and daily problems that the vascular surgeon must face, hence the importance for the medical class of its knowledge, timely diagnosis and promptness in its management and transfer to a specialized medical care center.
On the Treatment of SARS-COV-2 Including Omicron Type
Authors: S Niknamian
Published: January 2024

Objective: The aim of this research is to introduce new method of the treatment/control of Omicron Virus and answer some major questions regarding the cure of COVID-19 and the new type: Omicron. Background: We have selected 24 patients (12 females plus 12 males) aged from 15-64 years of old contaminated severe Omicron virus and used the novel methods on the treatment of these patients. Introduction: The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is a variant of SARS-CoV-2 which was first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) from South Africa on 24 November 2021. Omicron multiplies around 70 times faster than the Delta variant in the bronchi but some evidence suggests that it is less severe than previous strains, specifically compared to the Delta variant. Omicron might be less able to penetrate deep lung tissue. Omicron infections are 91 percent less fatal than the delta variant, with 51 percent less risk of hospitalization. Materials and Methods: The Omicron virus has strongly high rate of mutation compared with other kinds of Coronaviruses and therefore; cause severe symptoms of inflammation in the patients including lungs. In our research, all the patients were under unique control. They received HBO2T with 2% Ozone mixture with Oxygen in special cube. Also they had an injection of liquid ozone which dramatically declines the inflammation in all tissues. They had under strict diet of special Ketogenic diet to maintain their mitochondria to remain high metabolism to hamper the fatigue and tiredness. The had also gain supplements necessary for the disease. Results: The entire patient showed full recovery in 3 days, but they had fatigue and tiredness which we had to give them MTC oil 30 grams/day and coconut oil 30 grams/day as well which reduced the tiredness of the patients dramatically and remain their metabolism in a normal state. As a whole, all the patients recovered in 7 days without any symptoms including coughing, tiredness, fever and etc. Conclusion: Using the novel methodology of the treatment of SARS-CoV including Omicron had positive results on the patients. HBO2T plus specific Ozone therapy dramatically reduced the inflammation in all tissues of the patients. This novel method is a breakthrough in the science of Infectious Diseases including Omicron virus.
The Study of Cultural and Morphological Characteristics of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on Barringtonia Edulis
Authors: Buyoyu Pete
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to investigate a characteristic fungal disease, causing leaf anthracnose on B. edulis. A symptom progression from an angular-asymmetrical yellow discoloration to an ulcer-like necrosis caused death to the whole leaf. Colony pigmentations observed among the six isolates ranged from grey to white with slightly raised aerial mycelium to dense cottony mycelium. Most of the isolates showed salmon to bright orange spore-masses that were arranged in concentric rings, and with aging these orange spore-masses evenly distributed towards the culture peripheral. The conidial shapes of all of the isolates were straight and cylindrical with the average conidia length and width, ranged from 55.6-62.8 and 16.8- 24µm. Together with differential tests using fungicide and a temperature regime revealed characteristics corresponding to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for treating Oral Candidiasis: Mini Review
Authors: JK Trigo-Gutierrez
Published: January 2024

The antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) has been suggested to treat microbial infections, even those caused by resistance microorganisms. In oral cavity, the aPDT has been used to treat infections on gum, root channel, or soft tissues. This mini-review shows an overview of aPDT used for treat oral candidiasis in the palate.
Mucormycosis Caused by Lichtheimia Spp. (Clinical Case, Overview of Register Data and Literature Review)
Authors: S Khostelidi
Published: January 2024

The article presents the first case of disseminated mucormycosis caused by Lichtheimia ornata, as well as an overview of our register data and analysis of publications on mucormycosis caused by Lichtheimia spp. Main underlying conditions in our patients with Lichtheimia mucormycosis were hematological malignancies (83%). Main risk factor was prolonged (median -47 days) severe neutropenia (72%), and steroids were used relatively rarely (55%). Lichtheimia mucormycosis was severe disease with ≥ 2 organs involvement in 66% patients. Combination therapy (lipid forms amphotericin B with echinocandins) and surgical treatment were often used for the treatment of Lichtheimia mucormycosis. The 12-weeks overall survival rate of patients with Lichtheimia mucormycosis was 44%.
Identification and Antifungal Resistance among Candida species from the Genitourinary Tract
Authors: V Unegbu
Published: January 2024

Background: Candida species are reportedly the most common human fungal pathogens. The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Candida pathogens has increased in recent decades. However, such infections rarely occur in the absence of any predisposing factors. Aim: The aim of the present study was to identify the Candida species causing UTIs and to determine the antifungal resistance among Candida species from the genitourinary tracts. Methods: Five hundred (500) midstream urine samples were collected between January 2021 to January, 2022 from male and female patients clinically diagnosed of genitourinary tract infection and inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Isolates from SDA were plated on CHROMagar to ensure detection of mixed cultures. Germ tube and carbohydrate assimilation tests performed were necessary for isolate identification. Susceptibility testing was carried on the isolates using broth dilution method. Results: Distribution of Candida species among different age groups showed the highest incidence in age brackets 30-45, followed by 45-60, while the ages of 0-15 had the least. The occurrence rate of Candida species were as follows: Candida albicans 173(65.5%), Candida glabrata 61(23.1%), Candida krusei 19(7.2%) and Candida tropicalis 11(4.2%). High rate of susceptibility was observed for each isolate against fluconazole (92.0%) and ketoconazole (93.9%). The resistance rate was low for fluconazole (8.0%) and ketoconazole (1.2%). Conclusions: These results incriminated C. albicans as the most common Candida species causing genitourinary tract infection in women. This surveillance study has established fluconazole and ketoconazole as very effective antifungal agents for the treatment of genitourinanry tract infections caused by Candida species.
Fungal Organisms Associated with Ocular Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: VN Unegbu
Published: January 2024

Background: Ocular infections in man are the contamination and invasion of ocular tissues by micro-organisms leading to the breakdown of the natural defense mechanisms of the eyes. The areas in the eye that are frequently infected are the conjunctiva, lid and cornea. Aim: This study was undertaken to determine the fungal organisms associated with Ocular Infections in Tertiary Care Hospitals in Abia State. Methods: Ocular specimens were collected from 500 patients and investigated using culture techniques. Results: The five hundred (500) patients, thirty-seven 37(7.4%) had fungal contamination. There was a statistical significance (p=0.006) in sex as males had 22(8.4%) more fungal contamination while females had 15(6.3%). Age played a significant role (P=0.001) as Individuals between 30-45 years were more affected (13.1%) while the least was in the age group 0-15 years (1.4%). The occupation of the patients significantly influenced (P=0.002) the prevalence of the fungal contamination of the eyes as individuals who were engaged in farming activities had the highest contamination 11(12.2%) followed by stone quarrying activities 9(13.8%). The least came from the civil servants 2(2.5%). Aspergillus niger 40(8.0%) was the most prevalent, followed by Candida albicans 32(6.4%) while Aspergillus fumigatus had the least 22(4.4%). Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium spp prevalence were 28(5.6%) and 27(5.4%) respectively. Conclusions: The culture positivity in this study was very high. Fungal infections of the eye were mostly caused by Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, C. albicans and Fusarium spp.
Epidemiological Indices of Gynecological Fungal Infections Referred to the Mycology Laboratory of Kermanshah
Authors: A Mikaeili
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Candidiasis vaginitis, Tinea cruris and Erythrasma are the most common fungal and Corynebacterium infections in women. Favourable conditions, socio-economic status and age and occupation in different regions play a role in the frequency and severity of these diseases. Given that women make up half of the population of any society, knowing the frequency of fungal diseases of this genus and the severity of the disease their values are of great importance. Methods: In a descriptive study, it was decided to evaluate the frequency, variety and conditions of fungal infections in women referred to the Medical Mycology Laboratory of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences from the beginning of 1994 to the end of 2014. Considering that the mycology laboratory is the only specialized mycology laboratory in Kermanshah province, this study will be able to show us comprehensive information about the status of mycoses of women groin. In this study types and agents of mycoses and conditions such as age, job, season and place that predisposing factor role for infection were collected. Results: The highest prevalence of groin dermatophytosis is in the age group of 40-49 years with ٪ 28 و and the lowest is in the age group of 0-9 years and more than 70 years with ٪ 1. The present study shows that the highest prevalence of fungal species was in the years 1994-1998 and gradually declined and had the lowest prevalence in recent years. In this study, the most common fungal species of tinea cruris was Epidermophyton floccosum with a prevalence of ٪ 40 and the lowest was related to Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypsum with a prevalence of 4, 0.4 percent. The most common agents of candidiasis were Candida albicans. The most common job of patients was Housewife and most common patient’s place was Kermanshah. Conclusion: The most important factor in preventing fungal infections is public health. For example, dry yourself carefully after taking a bath, don’t sit in a wet bath, and change your clothes after sweating in hot seasons. Tinea cruris is contagious. Be sure to prevent the spread of disease in gyms and swimming pools.
Pneumocytosis: An Emerging Opportunistic Mycosis of Public Health Importance
Authors: M Pal
Published: January 2024

Opportunistic mycoses have become a significant causee of morbidity and mortality in both sexes and in all age groups throughout the world. Pneumocytosis caused by Pneumocystis jiroveciiis, a potentially fatal fungal disease, is significant for public health. Pneumocytosis is often the AIDS-defining disease in HIV-infected patients, usually occurring when CD4 count drops below 200 cells/μL. However, the disease is a growing concern to immune compromised patients without HIV infection, such as those who are undergoing organ transplantation, receiving novel immunosuppressive therapeutics or those who have connective tissue diseases. Pneumocytosis is recognized to affect patients all over the world, and is transmitted from person to person through the airborne route. Patients with and without HIV infections have substantially distinct clinical presentations of Pneumocytosis. Disease has a bad prognosis in individuals who are HIV-negative, rapidly progresses, is challenging to correctly diagnose, and produces severe respiratory failure. Interstitial pneumonia in immune compromised patient a patient is the most common clinical symptom. Due to non-specific signs and symptoms, diagnosis of disease poses a problem. Since chest radiographs are not pathognomonic for disease and the organism cannot be cultivated routinely, a definitive diagnosis must be made using histopathology or cytopathology evidence of organisms in tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, or artificial sputum samples. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the treatment of choice. Intravenous pentamidine, clindamycin-primaquine, daps one, atovaquone, and echinocandins are among the second-line treatment options in Pneumocytosis.