bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: An Unusual Presentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Martínez-Ayala Pedro , Valle-Murillo Miguel Angel , Chávez-Barba Oscar , Cabrera-Silva Rodolfo I. , González-Hernández Luz A. , Amador-Lara Fernando , Ramos-Solano Moises , Zúñiga-Quiñones Sergio , Ruíz-Herrera Vida Verónica , Andrade-Villanueva Jaime F.
Published: June 2020

Background. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, with a distinct tendency to a perivenous localization of pathological changes. Children are the most affected population and frequently presented after exanthematous viral infections or vaccination. Due to the rarity of this disease, the annual incidence rate in the population is not precisely known. Case Presentation. Here, we present a 28-year-old male HIV-1 positive patient with an acute confusional state, a diminished alert status characterized by somnolence, hypoprosexia, and complex visual hallucinations. Neuroimages reported white matter demyelinating lesions, mainly affecting the semioval centers, the frontal lobe, and the left parietal lobe; hypointense on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery weighted images, DWI with restricted diffusion, and a parietal ring-enhancing lesion after IV gadolinium administration. Discussion. In HIV positive patients, the demyelinating disorders have a broader clinical spectrum that could be explained by the immunosuppressed state of the patients, the evolution of the disease, the use of medications, the opportunistic infections, and the environment. Due to this highly variable clinical spectrum, ADEM is a significant challenge for the physicians in HIV positive patients, causing a delay in the diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion. We suggest that ADEM should be considered among the differential diagnosis in HIV-infected patients with focal or multifocal neurological symptoms, particularly in encephalopathies with multifocal central nervous system involvement without severe immunosuppression.
Damage Assessment of an SRC Frame‐Core Tube Structure under the Action of a Main Aftershock Sequence
Authors: Wang Peng , Shi Qingxuan , Wang Feng , Guo Siusiu
Published: June 2020

Historical seismic damage data show that most strong earthquakes are accompanied by multiple intense aftershocks. In general, the time interval between the main shock and the aftershocks is relatively short, and structure repair work is often not completed before the aftershocks occur. For a structure that has suffered damage from the main shock, the aftershock will further aggravate the damage and even cause complete collapse. Based on the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method, this paper establishes a probabilistic seismic demand model for the SRC framework‐core tube structure and plots the vulnerability curve of a structure under the action of the main aftershock sequence, which occurs following the actions of frequent earthquakes, fortification earthquakes, and rare earthquakes. The structure vulnerability matrix and the vulnerability index are used to evaluate the seismic performance of a structure. This study found that the occurrence of aftershocks leads the structure to a more unfavourable failure state. Taking the vulnerability index as an evaluation parameter, the structural vulnerability index when subjected to an intensity 8 earthquake under the action of the main aftershock is approximately 10% larger than under the action of a single main shock. Meanwhile, the SRC frame‐core structure designed according to the current Chinese specifications meets the expected seismic fortification target, even after being acted upon by the main aftershock ground motion sequence.
A Spontaneous Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection Associated with Cocaine Abuse: A Pathomechanistic Association
Authors: El-Zein Rayan S. , Sobecki Jeffrey , Greenberg Roy , Keleher Michael , Palma Robert A.
Published: June 2020

Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (SISMAD) is a rare potentially fatal disease. We present a case of cocaine-related SISMAD in a patient with abdominal pain. A 38-year-old African American male with hypertension and alcohol, cocaine, and tobacco abuse presented with abdominal pain and recent cocaine use. A CT angiogram revealed SISMAD; he was treated with conservative management. Cocaine and SISMAD share similar pathophysiologic mechanisms pertaining to vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and increased shear stress at fixed vascular positions. Our report emphasizes the need to consider cocaine abuse in SISMAD pathophysiology, risk stratification, and treatment algorithms in future studies.
Clinical Predictive Factors of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis in Relative High-Risk Patients after Neurosurgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Juhua , Ren XinZhen , Zhu Xiaole , Chen Huayu , Lin Zhen , Huang Mei , Gu Zejuan
Published: June 2020

Introduction. It is acknowledged that patients undergoing neurosurgery with neurological illness are at higher risk of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). As an underlying life-threatening complication, the incidence and risk factors for high-risk patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis are still controversial in relative high-risk patients after neurosurgery. Materials and Methods. A total of 204 patients who underwent neurosurgery and were considered as a high-risk group of DVT according to times of stay in bed more than 3 days were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the lower extremity DVT by using Color Doppler Ultrasound System (CDUS). Clinical parameters of patients at the time of admission and postoperation were recorded and prepared for further analysis. Early predictive factors for postoperative lower extremity DVT were established. Diagnostic performance of predictive factors was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results. The overall incidence rate of DVT in 204 enrolled patients was 30.9%. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that hypertension (OR 3.159, 95% CI 1.465-6.816; P=0.003), higher postoperative D-dimer (OR 1.225, 95% CI 1.016-1.477; P=0.034), female (OR 0.174, 95% CI 0.054-0.568; P=0.004), and lower GCS score (OR 0.809, 95% CI 0.679-0.965; P=0.013) were independently associated with incidence of DVT in patients after neurosurgery. The logistic regression function (LR model) of these four independent risk factors had a better performance on diagnostic value of DVT in patients after neurosurgery. Conclusion. The combined factor was constructed by hypertension, postoperative D-dimer, gender, and GCS score, and it might be a more handy and reliable marker to stratify patients at risk of DVT after neurosurgery.
Chest Computed Tomography Findings in COVID‐19 and Influenza: A Narrative Review
Authors: Onigbinde Stephen O. , Ojo Ademola S. , Fleary Linwald , Hage Robert
Published: June 2020

Objective. The COVID‐19 pandemic and annual influenza epidemic are responsible for thousands of deaths globally. With a similarity in clinical as well as laboratory findings, there is a need to differentiate these two conditions on chest CT scan. This paper attempts to use existing literature to draw out differences in chest CT findings in COVID‐19 and influenza. Methods. A search was conducted using PubMed. 17 original studies on chest CT findings in COVID‐19 and influenza were identified for full‐text review and data analysis. Findings. COVID‐19 and influenza share similar chest CT findings. The differences found show that COVID‐19 ground‐glass opacities are usually peripherally located with the lower lobes being commonly involved, while influenza has a central, peripheral, or random distribution usually affecting the five lobes. Vascular engorgement, pleural thickening, and subpleural lines were reported in COVID‐19 patients. In contrast, pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax were reported only in studies on influenza. Conclusion and Relevance. COVID‐19 and influenza have overlapping chest CT features with few differences which can assist in telling apart the two pathologies. Additional studies are needed to further define the differences and degree between COVID‐19 and influenza.
Phosphodiesterase 10A Is a Mediator of Osteogenic Differentiation and Mechanotransduction in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Müller-Deubert Sigrid , Ege Carolin , Krug Melanie , Meißner-Weigl Jutta , Rudert Maximilian , Bischof Oliver , Jakob Franz , Ebert Regina
Published: June 2020

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are capable of differentiating into the osteogenic lineage, and for osteogenic differentiation, mechanical loading is a relevant stimulus. Mechanotransduction leads to the formation of second messengers such as cAMP, cGMP, or Ca2+ influx resulting in the activation of transcription factors mediating gene regulation. The second messengers cAMP and cGMP are degraded by phosphodiesterase isoenzymes (PDE), but the role of these enzymes during osteogenic differentiation or mechanotransduction remains unclear. Here, we focused on the isoenzyme phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) and its role during osteogenic commitment and mechanotransduction. We observed a time-dependent decrease of PDE10A expression in hMSC undergoing differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage. PDE10A inhibition by papaverine diminished osteogenic differentiation. While applying mechanical strain via cyclic stretching of hMSCs led to an upregulation of PDE10A gene expression, inhibition of PDE10A using the drug papaverine repressed expression of mechanoresponsive genes. We conclude that PDE10A is a modulator of osteogenic differentiation as well as mechanotransduction in hMSCs. Our data further suggests that the relative increase of cAMP, rather than the absolute cAMP level, is a key driver of the observed effects.
Usefulness of Positron Emission Tomography in the Examination of Hilar and Mediastinal Lymphadenopathies in Patients with Suspicion of Lung Cancer
Authors: Pereiro-Brea Tara , Golpe-Gómez Antonio , Golpe-Sánchez Antonio Miguel , Valdés Luís , Martínez de Alegría Anxo , Carreira-Villamor José Martín , Ruano-Raviña Alberto
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Lung cancer is a major health problem. Mediastinal staging performed with the aid of imaging techniques is essential for appropriate disease treatment and prognosis. Accordingly, this study aimed to ascertain the usefulness of positron emission tomography (PET) in mediastinal staging, establish the best maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) cutoff point, compare its usefulness to that of computed tomography (CT), and determine the influence of histological tumour subtype. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study across a period of 3 years on 128 patients with suspicion of lung cancer and analyzed their demographic and radiological characteristics using CT and PET to perform the mediastinal examination. Histology was regarded as the gold standard. Results. PET displayed a high sensitivity (95%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (92%), outperforming CT (89% and 85%, respectively). Percentage agreement with histology was also higher (0.207 and 0.241 for CT and PET, respectively; p<0.001). Taking an SUVmax value of 0.5 as that which would ensure greatest diagnostic accuracy, S and NPV were 100%, though percentage agreement did not increase (0.189; p<0.001). PET discriminatory power was not affected by histological tumour subtype. Conclusions. The results of our study indicate that PET might be a useful test for examination of the mediastinum in lung cancer patients. Its high NPV suggests that the absence of mediastinal uptake could be used to proceed to surgical treatment without the need for further tests or examinations. Nevertheless, studies directly aimed to answer this specific question are needed.
Intraoperative Management of Large Resuscitation-Associated Venous Air Embolism (VAE) for Emergent Neurological Surgery
Authors: D’Souza Ryan S. , Abcejo Arnoley S. , Sexton Matthew A.
Published: June 2020

Venous air embolism (VAE) is a well-described phenomenon that may have life-threatening cardiopulmonary and neurological consequences. Accidental administration of air during resuscitation while using a rapid infuser is rare. Furthermore, there is a paucity of published data describing the intraoperative management of VAE during emergent nonseated neurological surgery. We report a 22-year-old previously healthy female who experienced a motor vehicle accident with severe facial and head trauma, and mixed subdural and epidural hematomas with an 8 mm midline shift. Computed tomography revealed significant air entrainment in the right heart and main pulmonary artery, with venous air tracking from the right axillary vein. Given her age, lack of preexisting cardiac comorbidities, hemodynamic stability, and critical cerebral herniation risk, further cardiac evaluation was deferred, and the patient was transferred to the operating room for emergent decompressive craniotomy. Intraoperatively, she experienced acute decrease in mean arterial pressure and end-expiratory carbon-dioxide with loss of pulse oximetry waveform concerning for obstructive VAE physiology. She was responsive to fluid resuscitation and epinephrine administration and did not experience any recurrence of obstructive VAE. This challenging case report describes positive neurologic and hemodynamic outcomes after resuscitation-associated VAE and cardiopulmonary collapse during emergency neurosurgery. Comprehensive evaluation of risk, urgency of procedure, and need for diagnostic monitoring and treatment should be personalized.
Machine Learning for Brain Images Classification of Two Language Speakers
Authors: Barranco-Gutiérrez Alejandro-Israel
Published: June 2020

The image analysis of the brain with machine learning continues to be a relevant work for the detection of different characteristics of this complex organ. Recent research has observed that there are differences in the structure of the brain, specifically in white matter, when learning and using a second language. This work focuses on knowing the brain from the classification of Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) of bilingual and monolingual people who have English as their common language. Different artificial neural networks of a hidden layer were tested until reaching two neurons in that layer. The number of entries used was nine hundred and the classifier registered a high percentage of effectiveness. The training was supervised which could be improved in a future investigation. This task is usually carried out by an expert human with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics analysis and fractional anisotropy expressed in different colors on a screen. So, this proposal presents another option to quantitatively analyse this type of phenomena which allows to contribute to neuroscience by automatically detecting bilingual people of monolinguals by using machine learning from MRIs. This reinforces what is reported in manual detections and the way that a machine can do it.
Crocin Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Ameliorates Adiposity by Regulating AMPK‐CDK5‐PPARγ Signaling
Authors: Fang Kai , Gu Ming
Published: June 2020

Crocin is a carotenoid compound which possesses multiple biological activities. Our and other laboratory’s previous findings show that crocin alleviates obesity and type 2 diabetes‐related complications. We have found that crocin activates AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and inhibition of AMPK suppresses crocin‐induced protective effects. However, the causal role of AMPK activation in the biological role of crocin is still not verified. In the present study, we showed that crocin markedly inhibits the changes of glucose metabolic parameters and serum lipid profiles in wild type diabetic mice. In AMPKα KO diabetic mice, those protective effects of crocin against glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction were abolished. These results demonstrated AMPK activation was responsible for the beneficial effects of crocin on metabolic dysfunction. Moreover, we have shown that the antiobese effect of crocin has been abolished by the deficiency of AMPKα. We also showed that crocin induced a significant decrease of CDK5 protein level in wild type diabetic mice, while this effect was abolished in AMPKα KO diabetic mice. The regulation of downstream targets of CDK5/PPARγ by crocin was abolished by the deficiency of AMPK. In conclusion, our study verified that activation of AMPK is involved in crocin‐induced protective effects against glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction. Activation of AMPK downregulates the protein level of CDK5, followed by the decrease of PPARγ phosphorylation, leading to the inhibition of adipose formation and metabolic dysfunction. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of protective effects of crocin and interaction of AMPK and CDK5/PPARγ signaling.
The Use of Exogenous Lung Surfactant (Poractant Alfa) in Acute Respiratory Failure by Drowning
Authors: Pezzi Mario , Givigliano Francesco , Perrone Ottorino , Scozzafava Annamaria , Maglio Pietro , Casella Patrizia , Giglio Anna Maria , Verre Mario , Voci Carlo Pietro
Published: June 2020

Drowning is an acute respiratory failure as a result from immersion or submersion of the airways in a liquid medium (predominantly water). Inhalation of water causes severe lung damage due to the destruction of pulmonary surfactant, resulting in decreased lung elasticity, alveolar collapse, alteration of ventilation-perfusion ratio, intrapulmonary blood shunting, hypoxia, acute lung injury, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Poractant alfa (Curosurf®), a natural surfactant effective in the treatment of newborn respiratory distress, has been used in various forms of ARDS, but in drowning syndromes, experience is still poor. We describe a series of nine clinical cases of drowning, six adults and three children, treated in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with endobronchial administration of poractant alfa. After 24 and 48 hours of administration in all cases, there was an improvement in arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) parameters and imaging. All patients were discharged without clinical consequences.
Hemodynamic Characterization of Primary Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Li Ye , Gu Haotian , Sinha Manish D. , Chowienczyk Phil
Published: June 2020

Background

Primary hypertension in children is often characterized by high pulse pressure that could be attributable to increased ventricular ejection velocities and volumes and/or increased arterial stiffness. The objective of this study was to examine the contributions of cardiac (ventricular ejection) and vascular (systemic vascular resistance, arterial stiffness, and pressure wave reflection) properties to primary hypertension in children and adolescents.

Methods and Results

Children aged 8 to 18 years referred to a tertiary center for evaluation of hypertension and found to have primary hypertension (n=31) were compared with normotensive controls of similar age (n=50). Peripheral (brachial) and central (carotid) blood pressure waveforms and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity were measured by tonometry. Left ventricular outflow tract velocities and ejection volumes were measured by echocardiography. Wave separation and wave intensity analysis were used to assess pressure wave propagation. Increased mean arterial pressure in hypertensive children (90±15 versus 76±10 mmHg in hypertensive versus normotensive children; means±
SD
;
P
<0.001) was explained by increased heart rate and cardiac output (5.3±2.0 versus 4.5±1.2 L/min adjusted for age and sex;
P
<0.05) rather than increased systemic vascular resistance (18.0±4.6 versus 19.3±7.3 mmHg/min/mL;
P
=0.374). A more‐marked increase in pulsatility (peripheral pulse pressure 66±21 versus 46±12 mmHg;
P
<0.001) was explained by increased proximal aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity, 3.3±1.4 versus 2.5±0.8 m/s;
P
<0.005) and increased left ventricular ejection velocity (1.33±0.24 versus 1.21±0.18 m/s;
P
<0.05).

Conclusions

Cardiac overactivity characterized by increased heart rate and left ventricular ejection velocities and increased proximal pulse wave velocity may be the main cause of primary hypertension in children.
Association of Elevated Blood Pressure in the Emergency Department With Chronically Elevated Blood Pressure
Authors: Poon Sabrina J. , Roumie Christianne L. , O'Shea Colin J. , Fabbri Daniel , R. Coco Joseph , Collins Sean P. , D. Levy Phillip , McNaughton Candace D.
Published: June 2020

Background

Emergency department (
ED
) visits for hypertension are rising, but the importance of elevated blood pressure (
BP
) measured during the
ED
visit is controversial. We evaluated the relationship between
ED BP
and mean
BP
over the subsequent year.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective cohort study from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013 of 8105 adult patients who made 1 visit to an academic medical center
ED
with ≥2
ED BP
s and ≥2
BP
s measured in the subsequent year. The primary exposure was lowest
ED
systolic
BP
. The primary outcome was mean systolic
BP
≥140 mm Hg over the year following the index
ED
visit. Diastolic
BP
was examined as a secondary exposure and outcome. Multiple logistic regression was performed adjusting for several covariates, with interaction terms for hypertension diagnosis,
ED
disposition, pain‐related
ED
chief complaint, and sex. Patients whose lowest
ED
systolic
BP
was 140 to 159 mm Hg had an adjusted odds ratio of having a mean
SBP
≥140 mm Hg in the subsequent year of 10.9 (95%
CI
, 7.6–15.6). Patients without diagnosed hypertension and
ED BP
140/90 to 159/99 mm Hg were more likely to have elevated
BP
in the following year. Hospitalization increased the likelihood of persistently elevated systolic
BP
but not diastolic
BP
. There was no effect modification by pain‐related
ED
complaint.

Conclusions

When
ED BP
is consistently elevated,
BP
is highly likely to remain elevated in the subsequent year, regardless of pain, and particularly among patients without diagnosed hypertension. Further research is needed to determine the optimal management of elevated
ED BP
.
Protestant Confucianism: Kang Youwei’s Influence in Korea
Authors: Kaplan Uri
Published: June 2020

The impact of Kang Youwei’s Confucius-church movement has not been limited to China proper. Korean intellectuals in the early 20th century had been in contact with Kang and his students, set up affiliated institutions in their homeland, and authored creative manifestos on the reformation of Confucianism. This article surveys the reform proposals of four representative Korean Confucians and analyzes their support of, and negotiations with, Kang’s Confucius religion. It illustrates how some Korean reformers chose to adopt only Kang’s “state-protecting Confucianism” or join the movement in form but not in content, while others embraced his vision more fully, depicting their own perennial versions of the Great Unity, and developing original formats of Confucian religious practice. These proposals highlight the remarkable ways in which Protestantism served as a central model for the Confucian religious reforms of the early 20th century.
Cognitive Science of Religion and the Study of Islam: Rethinking Islamic Theology, Law, Education, and Mysticism Using the Works of al-Ghazālī
Authors: Nakissa Aria
Published: June 2020

Specialists in Islamic studies have taken virtually no interest in the influential and rapidly developing field of Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR). The present article seeks to address this problem by considering how insights from CSR can be systematically applied to reconceptualize Islamic theology, law, education, and mysticism. The article centers on what is probably CSR’s most influential and well-established idea; namely, that religion is closely linked to an evolved “mindreading” ability (i.e., a “Theory of Mind Module”). It is argued that Islamic theology employs mindreading focused on events and objects in the universe, Islamic law and education employ mindreading focused on scriptural texts and embodied practices, and Islamic mysticism employs mindreading focused on psychological experiences. The article develops these ideas through an analysis of the Arabic-language writings of Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī, the famous medieval Islamic theologian, jurist, and mystic.
Social and Economic Imperatives for the Production of Wedding Poetry in the Dutch Republic
Authors: Geerdink Nina , Lassche Alie
Published: June 2020

In this article, we show the importance of both social and economic imperatives for authors and printers active in the genre of wedding poetry, and the interaction between these imperatives. The lack of systematic evidence and the fragmented nature of previous research has led to the dominance of tentative interpretations in studies of wedding poetry. Necessary, therefore, is a broader and more inclusive approach of the genre as a whole. We have thus combined a literature review with a quantitative analysis, exploring metadata of over 3,500 publications of wedding poetry (year of publication, names of brides, grooms, printers and authors) in the Dutch Republic between 1600-1760.
Female Book Ownership in the Eighteenth-Century Dutch Republic
Authors: Jagersma Rindert , Rozendaal Joanna
Published: June 2020

This article analyses the private library book sale catalogue of paper-cutting artist (knipkunstenaar) Johanna Koerten (1650-1715), one of the most famous artists in the Dutch Republic. The study draws on data gathered for the ERC-funded MEDIATE project (Measuring Enlightenment: Disseminating Ideas, Authors and Texts in Europe, 1665-1830). The bibliometric approach of this digital humanities project uses book sale catalogues to study the circulation of books and ideas in eighteenth-century Europe. This article analyses the catalogue of Koerten, her background and professional interests, the ‘femininity’ of female book collections in general, and the problems and opportunities one faces when using bibliometric data on book sale catalogues.
Forms, Handbills and Affixed Posters
Authors: Pettegree Andrew , der Weduwen Arthur
Published: June 2020

In 2018, we published an article that provided a first attempt to survey the whole output of the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic. Our estimate was a minimum of 357,500 editions. This calculation did not yet include the world of ephemeral forms, handbills and posters. The survival of such commercial or private notices is microscopically small, compared to what must have been produced. It is nevertheless vital for our understanding of the print trade that we attempt to capture the complexities of this lost world: this was work that sustained printshops. It was also the form which most acutely influenced commerce, government and social life. Here we wish to offer an introduction to this most elusive genre of the early modern print world, document the myriad ways in which print infiltrated the daily life of people, and offer some hypotheses on the likely total output of certain forms of ephemeral print.
Unfinished Business
Authors: Pickwoad Nicholas
Published: June 2020

There is compelling evidence of the use by the booktrade from the late fifteenth to the early nineteenth centuries of partly-completed sewn bindings with permanent structures, with or without boards, but without permanent covers. They allowed books to be held together as they went through the booktrade, added little extra weight and would have been relatively inexpensive. Evidence for their use can be found in archival sources, trade regulations and depictions in art, but mostly in the 82 sewn bookblocks without boards that have so far been recorded. They can be identified by a careful examination of their various and varied physical features, which present a complex variety of options. The survival of composite volumes raises the question of who commissioned the bindings. What is not in doubt, however, is that they were an established feature of the booktrade, though the extent to which they were used is as yet unknown.
A Man Completely Devoid of Falsehood?
Authors: Kuhn-Treichel Thomas
Published: June 2020

Gregory of Nazianzus is an important case study for the development of autobiography, not only because he is one of the first Christians to write extended autobiographical texts, but also because he does so in verse. This paper addresses two interwoven questions: which strategies does Gregory employ in his autobiographical poems in order to create credibility for his literary self, and which of the motifs that he uses are innovative or specific to his autobiographical poetry? I suggest that Gregory constructs credibility mainly through his relationships with different entities (persons, objects, ideas …) represented in the poems. In some of the relationships (e.g., with his opponents) one can find clear parallels with pagan poets while in others, specifically Christian elements come into play (sometimes blended with pagan traditions). Gregory’s most original idea appears in his relationship with his medium of communication, where one can find a justification for poetic autobiography as a genre.
A Stylometric Analysis of the Mar Saba Letter Attributed to Clement of Alexandria
Authors: Tuccinardi Enrico
Published: June 2020

Since the publication of Clement’s letter to Theodore, discovered by Morton Smith at Mar Saba, there has been a great deal of controversy surrounding its authenticity.

The main aim of the present paper is to weigh the linguistic evidence for and against Clementine authorship of the letter, also checking its alleged excessively Clementine nature in an objective manner, using a profile-based stylometric technique for authorship verification which has proven to be a valuable tool for text of relatively small size.

The outcomes of the analysis tend to attribute the disputed letter to Clement but they also show its hyper-Clementine quality. Is this due to a forger, deliberately trying to imitate Clement’s style or is it instead a feature characteristic of the epistolary style of Clement? Regrettably without further samples of Clement’s letters to be used as terms of comparison it seems not possible to safely answer this question.
Nasal Bone Fractures: Differences Amongst Sub-Specialty Consultants
Authors: Cohn Jason E. , Othman Sammy , Toscano Michael , Shokri Tom , Bloom Jason D. , Zwillenberg Seth
Published: June 2020

Background:

Nasal fractures constitute the largest proportion of facial trauma each year, however, there is no consensus management. In this study, we investingated the role of the consultant and the functional and aesthetic outcomes of procedures performed to address nasal bone fractures.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of patients who sustained nasal bone fractures was conducted from 8/1/14 through 1/23/18. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-squared testing and Fisher’s exact test, where appropriate, while continuous variables were compared using Mann–Whitney U testing.

Results:

During the study period, 136 patients met inclusion criteria for full analysis. The mean age of this cohort was 47.6 ± 20.2 years with the majority identifying as African–American (53.7%) and male (67.2%). Otolaryngologists were significantly more likely to assess pre-operative nasal obstruction (100%) compared to plastic surgeons (24.1%) ( P < .001). Otolaryngology elected operative management (53.3%) at a significantly higher rate than plastic surgery (24.1%) ( P = .005). Additionally, otolaryngology was significantly more likely to manage patients in an outpatient setting (91.2%), whereas plastic surgery more commonly performed inpatient management (57.1%) ( P = .006). Plastic surgery averaged a significantly shorter amount of time from presentation to operative management (7.3 ± 10.7 days) compared to otolaryngology (20 ± 27.7) ( P = .019). Consulting service was not associated with a need for revision surgery.

Conclusions:

Consultants across subspecialties differ in the management of nasal bone trauma. A more standardized approach is warranted by all individuals involved in the care of maxillofacial trauma patients.
Digital Mindsets: Recognizing and Leveraging Individual Beliefs for Digital Transformation
Authors: Solberg Elizabeth , Traavik Laura E. M. , Wong Sut I
Published: June 2020

Employees’ beliefs about technological change, their “digital mindsets,” are likely to influence their engagement in, or withdrawal from, their company’s digital transformation initiatives. Employees’ beliefs regarding the malleability of personal ability (fixed/growth mindset) and their beliefs about the availability of situational resources (zero-sum/expandable-sum mindset) influence the extent to which they see new technologies as providing opportunities for professional growth or as encroaching on their ability to display competency. This article examines the implications for managing digital transformation.
Abnormal Red Reflex: Etiologies in a Pediatric Ophthalmology Population
Authors: Lin Sophie Y. , Yen Kimberly G. , Zhu Huirong , Moisiuc Alexis , Chilakapati Madhuri
Published: June 2020

Children who present with an abnormal red reflex (ARR) are often referred to ophthalmology due to concern for retinoblastoma. However, an ARR can indicate a wide variety of pathologies, all of which have the potential to develop amblyopia and irreversible vision loss. In this retrospective cohort study, we demonstrate that children who presented with an ARR had a mean age of 22.0 ± 32.5 months and were more frequently referred by their pediatricians (74.5%). The majority of these patients (61.8%) had a normal examination on further evaluation, followed by refractive error (20.4%). Amblyopia was diagnosed in 83.9% of patients with refractive error, with a mean age of 50.3 ± 49.2 months. Because many ARR-associated pathologies require time-sensitive treatment to prevent vision loss, proper screening is critical for diagnosis. Pediatricians play a key role in screening, so education on more common ARR pathologies can better facilitate referrals and improve outcomes.
Crizanlizumab
Authors: Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E.
Published: June 2020

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433.
The Epidemiology of Recent Alcohol Use Among a National Sample of Middle Eastern College Students
Authors: Yockey R. Andrew , King Keith A. , Vidourek Rebecca A.
Published: June 2020

Alcohol use among college students is a national health concern. The epidemiology of alcohol use among Middle Eastern college students remains to be investigated. This study sought to understand the epidemiology of recent alcohol use among Middle Eastern college students. We use data from the 2017 to 2018 Healthy Minds Study to identify predictors of recent alcohol use among 1,763 Middle Eastern students nationwide. Weighted univariate analyses were conducted to determine significant predictors of recent alcohol use. Nearly half (45.5%) of Middle Eastern college students reported using alcohol in the past 2 weeks (recent alcohol use). Those at highest risk for recent alcohol use were in their 4th year of schooling ( p <  .001), living in a fraternity or sorority house ( p <  .001), and reported that religion was not a big part of their life ( p <  .001). Students who lived with their parents were less likely to drink alcohol ( p <  .  001). Recent alcohol use among Middle Eastern college students is a national public health concern. Interventions are warranted to decrease this growing public health anomaly and to more effectively deal with this current public health crisis.
Anti-Latin race-based nationalism in early twentieth-century France: An examination of Robert Pelletier’s pan-Celtic and Slavophile journals
Authors: Giladi Amotz
Published: June 2020

In the late nineteenth century, several pan-nationalist movements – pan-Germanism, pan-Slavism, pan-Latinism, pan-Celticism – arose in Europe. In France, pan-Latinism and pan-Celticism promoted competing visions of the country’s culture, respectively emphasizing its Latin and Celtic legacies. Two journals published in the 1910s, L’Étendard celtique and Revue des nations were founded by the writer Robert Pelletier to advance pan-Celticism. Their purpose was twofold: to advocate a return to France’s Celtic traditions and to promote the idea of a ‘racial’ link between Celts and Slavs. Calling for a ‘Celtic–Slavic’ alliance, these Slavophile journals expressed solidarity with oppressed Slavic peoples, especially in the context of the Balkan Wars. Pelletier’s promotion of pan-Celticism and pan-Slavism as two affiliated currents stemmed from both his rejection of pan-Latinism and his hope that connecting with the powerful pan-Slavic movement could facilitate French pan-Celticism’s emergence on the European stage.
eWOM Platforms in Moderating the Relationships between Political and Terrorism Risk, Destination Image, and Travel Intent: The Case of Lebanon
Authors: Assaker Guy , O’Connor Peter
Published: June 2020

This study examined the impacts of various electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) platforms (travel websites, social media, photo- and video-sharing platforms, blogs, and online communities) on visit intention in Lebanon. Using data from respondents in the United Kingdom and France, this study revealed that respondents can be categorized into two groups based on their eWOM platform usage: group 1 includes respondents who use only travel review sites, while group 2 comprises respondents who use a wider range of social networking sites. While political instability and terrorism risk are found to negatively and indirectly influence visit intention (through destination image), this effect becomes nonsignificant for group 2, suggesting that using eWOM platforms as opposed to only travel review sites can mitigate political instability and terrorism risk and thus enhance destination image and visit intention. These results help advance existing theoretical tourist decision-making models, as well as provide practical implications for destinations affected by political instability.
A multi-perforation staged fracturing experimental study on hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation
Authors: Wei Jianguang , Huang Saipeng , Hao Guangwei , Li Jiangtao , Zhou Xiaofeng , Gong Tong
Published: June 2020

Hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation are extremely important on deciding the production capacity and are crucial for oil and gas exploration and development. Based on a self-designed system, multi-perforation cluster-staged fracturing in thick tight sandstone reservoir was simulated in the laboratory. Moreover, the technology of staged fracturing during casing completion was achieved by using a preformed perforated wellbore. Three hydraulic fracturing methods, including single-perforation cluster fracturing, multi-perforation cluster conventional fracturing and multi-perforation cluster staged fracturing, were applied and studied, respectively. The results clearly indicate that the hydraulic fractures resulting from single-perforation cluster fracturing are relatively simple, which is difficult to form fracture network. In contrast, multi-perforation cluster-staged fracturing has more probability to produce complex fractures including major fracture and its branched fractures, especially in heterogeneous samples. Furthermore, the propagation direction of hydraulic fractures tends to change in heterogeneous samples, which is more likely to form a multi-directional hydraulic fracture network. The fracture area is greatly increased when the perforation cluster density increases in multi-perforation cluster conventional fracturing and multi-perforation cluster-staged fracturing. Moreover, higher perforation cluster densities and larger stage numbers are beneficial to hydraulic fracture initiation. The breakdown pressure in homogeneous samples is much higher than that in heterogeneous samples during hydraulic fracturing. In addition, the time of first fracture initiation has the trend that the shorter the initiation time is, the higher the breakdown pressure is. The results of this study provide meaningful suggestions for enhancing the production mechanism of multi-perforation cluster staged fracturing.
Does Ex Ante Severance Pay Affect the Timeliness of Bad News Disclosure? The Role of Managerial Exit Costs
Authors: Akamah Herita , Brockbank Bryan , Shu Sydney Qing
Published: June 2020

Extant literature documents a positive association between ex ante severance pay and timeliness of bad news disclosure, suggesting that the provision of severance pay is consistent with efficient contracting. Relying on an empirically unexplored theory, we investigate whether and how managerial exit costs (i.e., financial and nonfinancial losses triggered by employment termination) affect the effectiveness of severance pay in curbing bad news withholding. We find that managerial exit costs attenuate the positive association between severance pay and timely disclosure of bad news. Moreover, we document that severance pay does not prompt managers to reveal bad news when their exit costs are sufficiently high (i.e., in the top quartile). This result suggests that exit costs erode the efficacy of ex ante severance pay in curtailing bad news withholding. Overall, our findings support the notion that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to structuring severance agreements undermines the potential of severance pay to benefit investors.
Sensing Seascapes: How Affective Atmospheres Guide City Youths’ Encounters With the Ocean’s Multivocality
Authors: Broch Tuva Beyer
Published: June 2020

The healing potential of blue spaces in human lives seems to have a universal timbre, yet little research has examined the great diversity of particular individual encounters with waters. To meet the challenge to capture this multivocality of individuals and of the sea, this article offers a perspective of seascapes through the lens of affective atmospheres and person-centered ethnography. Based on 2 years of fieldwork among urban youth in Norway, the material reveals that contradicting atmospheres can coexist and also may be perceived differently. Even though sensing the sea is highly individualized, I argue that deeply anchored psychological processes lie beneath why humans are drawn toward waters.
Changing Cognitive Risk Factors for Sexual Aggression: Risky Sexual Scripts, Low Sexual Self-Esteem, Perception of Pornography, and Acceptance of Sexual Coercion
Authors: Schuster Isabell , Tomaszewska Paulina , Krahé Barbara
Published: June 2020

Sexual aggression is a problem among college students worldwide, and a growing body of research has identified variables associated with an increased risk of victimization and perpetration. Among these, sexuality-related cognitions, such as sexual scripts, sexual self-esteem, perceived realism of pornography, and acceptance of sexual coercion, play a major role. The current experimental study aimed to show that these cognitive risk factors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are amenable to change, which is a critical condition for evidence-based intervention efforts. College students in Germany ( N = 324) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a treatment group designed to change participants’ sexual scripts for consensual sex with regard to the role of alcohol consumption, casual sex, and ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as risk factors for sexual aggression (EG1), a treatment group designed to promote sexual self-esteem, challenge the perceived realism of pornography, and reduce the acceptance of sexual coercion (EG2), and a non-treatment control group (CG). Baseline (T1), post-experimental (T2), and follow-up (T3) measures were taken across an eight-week period. Sexual scripts contained fewer risk factors for sexual aggression in EG1 than in EG2 and CG at T3. Sexual self-esteem was enhanced in EG2 at T2 relative to the other two groups. Acceptance of sexual coercion was lower in EG2 than in EG1 and CG at T2 and T3. No effect was found for perceived realism of pornography. The findings are discussed in terms of targeting cognitive risk factors as a basis for intervention programs.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adolescent Exposure to Violence
Authors: Fagan Abigail A.
Published: June 2020

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are relatively common and can lead to harmful outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. The current study investigates the relationship between ACEs and exposure to violence in adolescence, an important area of research given the high rates of victimization in adolescence and the need for evidence-based strategies to prevent and reduce the negative consequences of victimization. The study also examines sex differences in the effects of ACEs, given that some research finds that the prevalence and impact of ACEs vary for females and males. Research questions were analyzed using prospective data from 766 to 773 high-risk youth and caregivers participating in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). A total of 10 ACEs were assessed, including five types of child maltreatment measured using official data from child protective services agencies and five types of household dysfunction reported primarily by caregivers. Exposure to three types of violence (verbal intimidation, physical victimization, and witnessing violence) were measured using youth self-reports. Logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between the number of ACEs experienced before age 12 and the likelihood of violence exposure from ages 15 to 18. Youth experiencing more ACEs had a significantly greater likelihood of physical victimization (with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.15), but not intimidation (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.10) or witnessing violence (AOR = 1.11). Sex did not significantly moderate these relationships, but in sex-specific analyses, ACEs significantly increased intimidation and victimization for girls and witnessing violence for boys. Although the findings showed inconsistent evidence of a relationship between ACEs and exposure to violence, they support the need for interventions to reduce ACEs and their impact on exposure to violence during adolescence.
The Perceived Differences: The Sector Stereotype of Social Service Providers
Authors: Xu Chengxin
Published: June 2020

What difference does “nonprofitness” make is a fundamental question for nonprofit research. Although being held as the basic assumption of the contract failure theory, the sector difference perceived by individuals remains as an open question for multiple methodological problems. Here, we present evidence from three experiments for further empirical exploration of the perceived sector difference with improved research design. Our findings suggest a general pattern of sector stereotype: people perceive nonprofits as being warmer and slightly more competent than for-profits. More importantly, we show that such stereotypical understanding mainly results from people’s repugnance against profit-seeking intention instead of preferences toward nonprofits in the social service market. Such pattern differs slightly across three subareas being tested. Finally, we find more relevant information about the organization serves as a potential moderator that weakens the effect of being a nonprofit, which blurs the sector boundary in a given market.