bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIGH DOSE RATE BRACHYTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF OPERATED ENDOMETRIAL CANCERS: ABOUT 60 CASES
Authors:   Radiotherapy Department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco., Fares H. , Taouchikht M. ,   Radiotherapy Department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco., Abdou S. ,   Radiotherapy Department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco., Lachgar A. ,   Radiotherapy Department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco., Nouni K. ,   Radiotherapy Department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco., Kacemi H. El ,   Radiotherapy Department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco., Kebdani T. ,   Radiotherapy Department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco., Hassouni K. ,   Radiotherapy Department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: July 2024

Introduction:Endometrial cancer is the third gyneco-mammary cancer in the radiotherapy-brachytherapy department of the RABAT national oncology institute.Brachytherapy has an important place in the therapeutic strategy. The objective of the study:Is to analyze the coverage of target volumes as well as the dose to organs at risk with three-dimensional dosimetric planning and toxicity assessment. Material and methods:This is a retrospective study of 60 cases of operated endometrial cancers treated by high dose rate brachytherapy without external radiotherapy or chemotherapy collected in the radiotherapy department of the National Institute of Oncology RABAT between January 2018 and December 2020. A dosimetric scan without injection was performed at the first session and was used to delineate the clinical anatomic target volume (CTV). We evaluated the D100 of the clinical target volume and the D2 cm3 of the bladder, rectum and small intestine. We also analyzed acute genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity. Results:The average age of the patients was 49 years. Endometrioid carcinoma accounted for 98.5%, with one case of mucinous carcinoma. All patients underwent surgery.The brachytherapy protocol used was 3 Ã— 7 Gy (75%) or 4 Ã— 5.5 Gy (17%) in weekly sessions A single patient received a reduced total dose of 19.8 Gy in 3 fractions of 5.5 Gy due to a high rectal dose.The average target volume coverage (D100) was 96.50%.The average D2 cm3 per session received by the bladder, rectum and small intestine were 4.06 Gy, 4.9 Gy and 2.8 Gy, respectively.Regarding genitourinary toxicity, we noted two grade 1 cystitis, one grade 2, two grade 1 mucositis and one grade 2.For gastrointestinal toxicity, no cases of grade greater than 1 were noted.No grade 3 or 4 toxicities were recorded. Conclusion:High dose rate brachytherapy has an important place in the therapeutic strategy for endometrial cancer.The very low toxicity recalls the good tolerance of this treatment whichapplies to the entire population.
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR PATIENTS WITH BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA: A HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Attached to MahadevappaRampure Medical College, Kalaburagi., Tengli Nitin , Devani Rohit ,   Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Attached to MahadevappaRampure Medical College, Kalaburagi., S. Karbhari Sharanbasappa ,   Professor, Department of General Surgery, Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Attached to MahadevappaRampure Medical College, Kalaburagi., Umar Farooque Mohd ,   Post Graduate, Department of General Surgery, Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Attached to MahadevappaRampure Medical College, Kalaburagi., a Mithun ,   Post Graduate, Department of General Surgery, Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Attached to MahadevappaRampure Medical College, Kalaburagi.
Published: July 2024

Introduction:Blunt trauma to the abdomen occurs due to forces that induce shearing, compression, or deceleration injuries, particularly affecting anatomical structures that are relatively immobile. The evaluation of abdominal injuries is challenging and often results in missed diagnoses due to the complexity of symptoms and the difficulty in identifying subtle signs of internal injury. Aims & Objectives:To study the clinical presentation, evaluation, diagnostic investigations, and management strategies for various intra-abdominal organ injuries resulting from blunt trauma to the abdomen. Methods: - Following initial resuscitation and attainment of hemodynamic stability, all blunt abdominal trauma patients underwent meticulous clinical history-taking and comprehensive physical examination. Subsequent management decisions, whether operative or non-operative, were determined based on the integrated findings of clinical assessments and radiological evaluations. Results:Between August 2022 and August 2023, fifty (50) patients with blunt trauma to the abdomen were admitted to Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi. In this study, males predominated in the 21 to 30-year age group, which represented the most frequent demographic for abdominal blunt trauma. Traffic collisions were identified as the leading cause of abdominal blunt trauma. The spleen emerged as the organ most frequently affected. Of the patients, 28 underwent conservative management, while 22 required surgical intervention. Conclusion:In cases of blunt trauma to the abdomen, the early hours following injury are critically significant and represent a crucial window, often referred to as the golden period of trauma, associated with higher survival rates. Timely intervention andappropriate management during this phase have been shown to significantly decrease morbidity and mortality rates associated with blunt trauma abdomenandappropriate management during this phase have been shown to significantly decrease morbidity and mortality rates associated with blunt trauma abdomen.
AIRWAY CHALLENGES IN A ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIC PATIENT WITHTRAUMATIC CERVICAL SPINE FRACTURE - A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Post Graduate, Department of Anaesthesiology, CC &PM, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai., Kumar J. Sateesh , Murugan Raj ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, CC &PM, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai., Vinod Krishnagopal ,   Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, CC &PM, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai., Yadhav Akash ,   Senior Resident, Department of Anaesthesiology, CC &PM, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai.
Published: July 2024

Background:Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that results in the fusion of the spine and decreased flexibility, commonly known as bamboo spine. This condition presents significant challenges to anesthesiologists due to potential difficulties in managing the airway, cardiovascular issues, and compromised respiration. AS patients face an increased risk of fractures and spinal cord injury, especially in the cervical spine, which is prone to instability and higher morbidity and mortality rates. Maneuvers to manage the airway and intubation techniques may exacerbate movement in the cervical spine, potentially leading to further injury. Case Report: A 42-year-old man with a history of AS presented with a cervical spine injury after a road traffic accident. MRI showed fractures at the posterior arch of C1 and C4-C5 levels with nerve root compression. The patient, who was not regularly followed up, was taking medication. Preoperative assessment revealed a potentially difficult airway, and the patient had quadriparesis and reduced sensation. Due to the risk of spinal cord injury, an awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) was planned. The AFOI was successfully performed through the nasal route, and the patient underwent a C4-C5 discectomy and stabilization. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no new neurological deficits. Discussion: The case emphasizes the need to minimize movement of the cervical spine when managing the airway in AS patients with cervical spine fractures. Using AFOI is more effective than other techniques in this scenario, as it minimizes cervical movement and allows for post-intubation neurologic assessments. Although the glidescope video laryngoscope and intubating laryngeal mask airway are considered as alternatives to direct laryngoscopy, anesthesiologists still prefer AFOI as the primary option. Conclusion: This case report demonstrates the best airway management for an AS patient with a cervical spine fracture, with a focus on the role of the anesthesiologist in preventing further injury and neurologic deterioration. Awake fiberoptic intubation is the safest alternative for AS patients with cervical spine fractures, as long as the anesthesiologist has the requisite skills and knowledge.
THE RELIGIOUS FRESCOES IN KUNZANG CHODENS NOVEL THE CIRCLE OF KARMA
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar Amity School of Languages, Amity University Chhattisgarh., Thulasan Pooja , Singh Rai Indrani ,   Professor, Amity School of Languages, Amity University Chhattisgarh.
Published: July 2024

The paper examines the thematic exploration of religious identity in Kunzang Chodens novel The Circle of Karma. It takes a critical look at the transformation of the protagonist Tsomo from an ordinary village girl to a spiritual nun, elaborating on how religion played its role in this evolution. Choden has graphically portrayed the length and breadth of religious rites and rituals that prevailed in Bhutan. The novel follows, in the person of Tsomo, deep-rooted Bhutanese cultural and religious traditions, going to the depths pertaining to questions of karma, suffering, and peace considering lifes misfortunes on the journey to enlightenment.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PERI-IMPLANT TISSUES AROUND EARLY LOADED VERSUS DELAYED LOADEDIMPLANTS
Authors:   Professor Department of Periodontics Mamata Dental College Khammam Telangana-507002., Ramesh Babu Mutthineni , Paul Arpita ,   Professor & HOD Department of Periodontics Mamata Dental College Khammam Telangana-507002., Dadipally Srija ,   Postgraduate Trainee Department of Periodontics Mamata Dental College Khammam-Telangana-507002.
Published: July 2024

Aims and Objectives: This study compared and evaluated the peri-implant tissue alterations in single-piece implants that were loaded early versus delayed. To evaluate the differences in radiographic results and clinical characteristics between early and delayed loaded implants. Materials and Methods: Using radio visio graphs (RVGs), the current study aims to assess and compare the clinical and radiographic results of early loaded implants versus delayed loaded implants. Twenty sites in all, based on the kind of implant loading techniques, were randomly divided into two groups by flipping a coin, following the first screening and the patients who met the inclusion requirements. Ten sites with an early loading technique (GROUP 1) and ten sites with a delayed loading methodology (GROUP 2) were separated into two groups. In both groups, the Bioline single-piece implants were utilised. Results: The clinical parameters probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and width of the keratinized peri-implant mucosa were measured at baseline, 3 & 6 months. Changes in marginal bone loss were measured using RVG. To evaluate the alterations in marginal bone level, AUTO CAD was utilised. SPSS V.23 was employed for the purpose of data analysis. Using the Mann Whitney U test for intergroup comparison and Friedmans Two-way ANOVA for intragroup comparison, groups 1 and 2 were assessed on mesial and distal surfaces. Conclusion: Given the current studys constraints, the findings can be summed up as follows: early loaded implants performed better than delayed loaded implants in all clinical and radiographic measures from baseline to six months.
Evaluating the influence of corporate governance mechanisms and bank-specific factors on the performance of Nepalese commercial banks
Authors: Dongol Padam , Kumar Shrestha Sajeeb
Published: July 2024

This purpose of the study is to evaluate the influence of corporate governance mechanism factors: board size, board independence, capital adequacy ratio, as well as bank-specific factors: dividend payout ratio and firm size, on the performance of Nepalese commercial banks. The study covered 10 years’ secondary data from 2013/14 to 2022/23, derived from the annual reports and websites of four selected commercial banks that were listed on the Nepal Stock Exchange: Kumari Bank Limited, Himalayan Bank Limited, Prabhu Bank Limited, and Prime Commercial Bank. A non-probability sample method, especially the purposive sampling approach, was used in this study. Earnings per share (EPS) is regarded to be the dependent variable, whereas two elements, namely, corporate governance mechanisms and bank-specific factors, are considered to be independent variables. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS 25 software, which includes descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. The empirical results indicate that board size has a favorable influence on EPS, but this association does not reach statistical significance. In contrast, board independency has a notable and statistically significant negative impact on EPS. The capital adequacy ratio is positively correlated with EPS. However, the impact of firm size on EPS is not statistically significant. On the other hand, the dividend payout ratio has a significant positive effect on EPS.
Examining the impact of e-governance on organizational strategy execution in the Jordanian ICT industry
Authors: A. Abou-Moghli Azzam , Shatem Maryam
Published: July 2024

Businesses continue to navigate the challenges posed by the swift advancements in technology, especially in light of the rapidly speeding digital transformation and the ever-deeper integration of technology into governance practices. This shifting worldview could substantially change how strategic plans are actualized, compelling companies to retune for emerging tech models and management frameworks to stay competitive and fruitful. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of e-governance on facilitating the execution of organizational strategy within information and communication technology companies based in Jordan. Data were gathered through electronic questionnaires from 204 employees of Jordanian information and communication technology companies and analyzed using the SPSS program to test the hypotheses. Overall, based on correlation coefficients and regression analyses, the paper finds a significant effect of e-governance on strategy execution. To be more precise, e-participation, e-transparency, and e-accountability account for 23.4% of the variance in strategy execution. However, variations in the concept of e-participation account for 40%, e-transparency – 22%, and e-accountability – 23%. The findings recommend that ICT companies enhance their strategic governance practices when executing organizational strategies. This study contributes to understanding how e-governance can facilitate effective organizational strategy execution in the ICT sector in Jordan.
Acknowledgment The authors are grateful to Middle East University, Amman, Jordan, for the financial support to cover this article’s publishing fee.
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Implications, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Afzal Saira , Siddiqui Meha
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence is a technology that enables machines, especially computer systems, to mimic human intelligence and problem-solving abilities. This technology is being used nowadays in many areas of the healthcare industry, from scheduling online appointments to robot-assisted, safer surgeries with better patient outcomes.  Just like a physician, AI can record a patient's history, signs and symptoms, and lab results, leading to an accurate diagnosis and a proper treatment plan, but in no time. This is just a small example of the implications of AI in the sector. Other areas of medicine are also being benefited by this innovation, like gastroentology, radiology, surgery, and preventive medicine. The development of advanced algorithms has reduced the burden on radiologists by helping them identify abnormal images and pick up malignant lesions with minimal diagnostic errors. Similarly, AI-assisted colonoscopy can help identify malignant and benign polyps.  AI-powered systems, like Google's DeepMind Health, may identify malignant growth in mammograms and diabetic retinopathy, which can aid in early detection and treatment.
Low-cost, reliable, and highly efficient removal of COD and total nitrogen from sewage using a sponge-filled trickling filter
Authors: Kachhadiya Navneet , Patel Upendra D.
Published: July 2024

Development of low-cost and reliable reactors demanding minimal supervision is a need-of-the-hour for sewage treatment in rural areas. This study explores the performance of a multi-stage sponge-filled trickling filter (SPTF) for sewage treatment, employing polyethylene (PE) and polyurethane (PU) media. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen transformation were evaluated at hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) ranging from 2 to 6 m/d using synthetic sewage as influent. At influent COD of ∼350 mg/L, PU-SPTF and PE-SPTF achieved a COD removal of 97% across all HLRs with most of the removal occurring in the first segments. Operation of PE-SPTF at an HLR of 6 m/d caused substantial wash-out of biomass, while PU-SPTF retained biomass and achieved effluent COD < 10 mg/L even at HLR of 8–10 m/d. The maximum Total Nitrogen removal by PE-SPTF and PU-SPTF reactors was 93.56 ± 1.36 and 92.24 ± 0.66%, respectively, at an HLR of 6 m/d. Simultaneous removal of ammonia and nitrate was observed at all the HLRs in the first segment of both SPTFs indicating ANAMMOX activity. COD removal data, media depth, and HLRs were fitted (R2 > 0.99) to a first-order kinetic relationship. For a comparable COD removal, CO2 emission by PU-SPTF was 3.5% of that of an activated sludge system.
The Agonistic Activity of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor is Reduced by the D46G Substitution
Authors: Akunevich Anastasia Aleksandrovna , Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich , Khrustaleva Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Yermalovich Marina Anatolyevna
Published: July 2024

Background:

Resistance to anti-tumor agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR) reduces treatment response and requires the development of novel EGFR antagonists.
Mutant epidermal growth factor (EGF) forms with reduced agonistic activity could be promising
agents in cancer treatment.

Methods:

EGF D46G affinity to EGFR domain III was assessed with affinity chromatography.
EGF D46G acute toxicity in Af albino mice at 320 and 3200 μg/kg subcutaneous doses was evaluated.
EGF D46G activity in human epidermoid carcinoma cells at 10 ng/mL concentration in
serum-free medium and in subcutaneous Ehrlich ascites carcinoma mice model at 320 μg/kg dose
was studied.

Results:

The D46G substitution decreases the thermal stability of EGF complexes with EGFR domain
III by decreasing the ability of the C-terminus to be released from the intermolecular β-
sheet. However, with remaining binding sites for EGFR domain I, EGF D46G effectively competes
with other EGF-like growth factors for binding to EGFR and does not demonstrate toxic effects
in mice. EGF D46G inhibits the proliferation of human epidermoid carcinoma cells compared
to native EGF. A single subcutaneous administration of EGF D46G along with Ehrlich carcinoma
cells injection inhibits the proliferation of these cells and delays tumor formation for up to
seven days.

Conclusion:

EGF D46G can be defined as a partial EGFR agonist as this mutant form demonstrates
reduced agonistic activity compared to native EGF. The study emphasizes the role of the
EGF C-terminus in establishing interactions with EGFR domain III, which are necessary for
EGFR activation and subsequent proliferation of cells.
The GA-Hecate Peptide inhibits the ZIKV Replicative Cycle in Different Steps and can Inhibit the Flavivirus NS2B-NS3 Protease after Cell Infection
Authors: da Silva Sanches Paulo Ricardo , de Campos Faria João Caldana Elias , Bittar Cíntia , Guberovich Olivieri Hugo Alexandre Siqueira , de Moraes Roso Mesquita Nathalya Cristina , Noske Gabriela Dias , de Godoy Andre Schutzer , Oliva Glaucius , Rahal Paula , Cilli Eduardo Maffud
Published: July 2024

Background:

Peptide drugs are advantageous because they are subject to rational design
and exhibit highly diverse structures and broad biological activities. The NS2B-NS3 protein
is a particularly promising flavivirus therapeutic target, with extensive research on the development
of inhibitors as therapeutic candidates, and was used as a model in this work to determine
the mechanism by which GA-Hecate inhibits ZIKV replication.

Objective:

The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of GA-Hecate, a new antiviral developed
by our group, against the Brazilian Zika virus and to evaluate the mechanism of action of
this compound on the flavivirus NS2B-NS3 protein.

Methods:

Solid-phase peptide Synthesis, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, and Mass
Spectrometry were used to obtain, purify, and characterize the synthesized compound. Real-time
and enzymatic assays were used to determine the antiviral potential of GA-Hecate against ZIKV.

Results:

The RT-qPCR results showed that GA-Hecate decreased the number of ZIKV RNA
copies in the virucidal, pre-treatment, and post-entry assays, with 5- to 6-fold fewer RNA copies
at the higher nontoxic concentration in Vero cells (HNTC: 10 μM) than in the control cells. Enzymatic
and kinetic assays indicated that GA-Hecate acts as a competitive ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease
inhibitor with an IC50 of 32 nM and has activity against the yellow fever virus protease.

Conclusion:

The results highlight the antiviral potential of the GA-Hecate bioconjugate and open
the door for the development of new antivirals.
Doxorubicin-induced Immunogenic Cell Death Impairs Tumor Progression and Distant Metastasis in a 4T1 Breast Cancer Tumor Model
Authors: Cardador Camila Magalhães , de Castro Thaís Bergmann , de Castro Raffael Júnio Araújo , Bocca Anamélia Lorenzetti , Camargo Luana Cristina , Pacheco Thyago Arruda , Muehlmann Luís Alexandre , Longo João Paulo Figueiró
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Cancer is an individual disease and its formation and development are specific to
each host. Conventional treatments are ineffective in complex cases, such as metastasis, and have severe adverse
side effects. New strategies are needed to address the problem, and the use of immunogenic cell death
(ICD) as a trigger or booster of the immune system through the exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns,
along with tumor antigens, by cancerous cells is presented as an immunization approach in this work.

Methods:

For this purpose, 4T1 cells were exposed to doxorubicin (DOX) for 24 hours and then, these cells
undergoing ICD were subcutaneously administered to mice. The ICD induction by DOX on 4T1 was assessed
by flow cytometry and image analysis. This immunization process was performed three times and after the last
administration, the immunized mice were challenged with a subcutaneous xenograft of live cancer cells.

Results:

The results demonstrate that the mice immunized with cells undergoing ICD after exposure to DOX
presented no primary tumor or indications of distant metastatic lesion development.

Conclusion:

In summary, our findings indicate that the immunization process utilizing ICD is indeed efficacious
in managing this aggressive form of pre-clinical breast cancer.
Role of Natural Products against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 by Inhibition of ACE-2 Receptor: A Review
Authors: Sharma Krishana Kumar , Devi Shoma , Kumar Dharmendra , Ali Zeeshan , Fatma Nishat , Misra Raghvendra , Kumar Gajendra
Published: July 2024

A unique extreme acute breathing syndrome emerged in China and spread rapidly globally due to a
newly diagnosed human coronavirus and declared a pandemic. COVID-19 was formally named by WHO, and
the Global Committee on Taxonomy referred to it as extreme Acute respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2). Currently there is no efficient method to control the extent of SARS-CoV-2 other than social
distancing and hygiene activities. This study aims to present a simple medicinal strategy for combating fatal viral
diseases like COVID-19 with minimum effort and intervention. Different Ayurveda medicines (Curcuma
longa, green tea, and Piper nigrum) inhibit virus entrance and pathogen transmission while also enhancing immunity.
Piperine (1-piperoylpiperidine), as well as curcumin, combine to create an intermolecular complex (π-
π) that improves curcumin bioavailability by inhibiting glucuronidation of curcumin in the liver. The receptor-
binding domains of the S-protein and also the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor of the recipient organism
are directly occupied by curcumin and catechin, respectively, thereby preventing viruses from entering
the cell. As a result, the infection will be tolerated by the animal host.
HRAS Induces Ferroptosis through Upregulating HSPB1 in Hepatocellular
Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Bin , Chi Minhui , Zheng Qi
Published: July 2024

Background:

The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of HRAS and
HSPB1 in ferroptosis. Primary liver cancer is the third leading cause of tumor death worldwide.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes 75%-85% of cases of primary liver cancer. HRAS
and HSPB1 co-express in multiple cells and participate in tumor progression regulation. However, their expression regulation and role in HCC have not been reported.

Methods:

We investigated the effects of HRAS and HSPB1 on ferroptosis in in vitro experiments. Here, the role and mechanism of HRAS and HSPB1 on ferroptosis were investigated by
transfecting the specific siRNA or overexpressing plasmids in HCC cells.

Results:

Bioinformatics analysis proved that HRAS and HSPB1 were highly expressed in HCC
tissues and associated with poor prognosis of patients with HCC. In vitro, HRAS overexpression reduced the level of intracellular iron, ROS, and MDA production in HCC cells. Mechanistically, HRAS increased GPX4 expression and decreased the levels of ACSL4 and P53. HRAS
also increased HSPB1 expression, and HRAS knockdown downregulated HSPB1 levels in HCC
cells. Importantly, overexpression of HSPB1 reversed HRAS-increased concentration of iron,
MDA, and ROS and eliminated HRAS-induced ferroptosis. Moreover, HRAS enhanced the proliferation and invasion by targeting HSPB1.

Conclusion:

The regulation of HSPB1 by HRAS enhanced the resistance of HCC cells to ferroptosis. HRAS promoted proliferation and invasion by upregulating HSPB1. This research
provides a new potential strategy for HCC treatment.
Effects of Short-Term Creatine Nitrate Plus Creatinine Intake on Creatine Pharmacokinetics and Safety Biomarkers in Healthy Adults
Authors: Ostojic Sergej M. , Stajer Valdemar , Todorovic Nikola , Ranisavljev Marijana , Andjelic Bogdan , Panic Jovana , Nikolaidis Alexandros , Kramer Ron , Vranes Milan
Published: July 2024

Background:

A blend of creatine nitrate and creatinine has demonstrated promising
bioavailability; however, prior studies have not thoroughly examined its pharmacokinetics and
safety profiles, particularly its impact on kidney stress indicators, such as serum cystatin C.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the effects of varying doses of creatine nitrate-creatinine intervention
on pharmacokinetics and safety in healthy humans.

Methods:

Ten young adults (mean age 26.1 ± 5.0 years; 5 females) volunteered for this double-
blind, crossover, randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to receive
either a low-dose creatine nitrate-creatinine mixture (CN-CRN-Low; 1.5 g of creatine nitrate
and 1.5 g of creatinine), a high-dose creatine nitrate-creatinine mixture (CN-CRN-High; 3 g of creatine
nitrate and 3 g of creatinine), or 1.5 g of creatine nitrate (CONTROL) in both a single-dose
pharmacokinetics experiment, and a 14-day safety trial.

Results:

Both CN-CRN-Low and CN-CRN-High interventions displayed increased volume of distribution
and total clearance compared to the CONTROL intervention (P < 0.05) in a single-dose
pharmacokinetics experiment. Additionally, the CN-CRN-High intervention showed significantly
higher creatine maximum serum concentrations compared to the other interventions (P < 0.05).
Serum cystatin C levels remained unchanged across all interventions (P = 0.65), with no participants
experiencing abnormal cystatin C concentrations or major changes in other safety biomarkers.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates dose-specific utilization of creatine nitrate-creatinine
intervention, with the mixture induced no kidney damage. Further studies are needed to explore
the potential functional and performance benefits of creatine nitrate-creatinine supplementation in
diverse clinical and athletic cohorts.
Determination of Chlorogenic Acid in Solid-lipid Nanoparticles: Validation by UV-spectroscopy
Authors: Rana Tarapati , Goyal Anju , Behl Tapan
Published: July 2024

Objective:

The objective of the research was the development and validation of a simple,
sensitive, accurate, robust, and precise UV-spectroscopic method for the quantitative determination
of chlorogenic acid loaded in solid-lipid nanoparticles as per the guidelines of the International
Conference on Harmonization.

Methods:

The solid-lipid nanoparticles of chlorogenic acid were prepared using the hot melt emulsification
method and the high-speed homogenizer method. Glyceryl monostearate was used as a
solid lipid, and Tween 80 was used as a surfactant for the preparation of chlorogenic acid-loaded
solid lipid nanoparticles. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness,
ruggedness, limit of detection, and limit of quantification.

Results:

The chlorogenic acid exhibited absorption maxima at the wavelength of 330 nm. The regression
equation from the calibration curve was y=0.006x + 0.0193 with a correlation coefficient
of 0.9989. The percentage recovery was found to be 99.92, 99.80, and 99.86, respectively (within
the acceptable limit of 98-102%), which validated the accuracy of the method. Furthermore, the
method exhibited precision, robustness, and ruggedness, as illustrated by a relative standard deviation
(RSD) of less than 2%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be
6.97 and 21.13 μg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that the proposed spectrophotometer analytical method for the determination
of Chlorogenic acid was found reliable, accurate, consistent, precise, accurate, and robust.
Therefore, the proposed analytical technique could be an integral part of further evaluation
and characterization of Chlorogenic acid-solid lipid nanoparticles.
Revolutionizing Healthcare and Drug Discovery: The Impact of Artificial
Intelligence on Pharmaceutical Development
Authors: Chinnaiyan Kumaran , Mugundhan Sruthi Laakshmi , Narayanasamy Damodharan , Mohan Mothilal
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping drug discovery and delivery in the pharmaceutical
industry, fundamentally transforming traditional methods. In drug discovery, AI algorithms rapidly
analyze vast biological and chemical datasets to identify potential drug candidates with unprecedented accuracy. Machine learning models predict compound efficacy and safety, accelerating earlystage drug development. AI also facilitates drug repurposing, uncovering new therapeutic uses for
existing medications. At the drug delivery front, AI optimizes formulations and systems, enabling
targeted and personalized approaches. Intelligent algorithms enhance the understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, guiding the development of precision medicine strategies. This
integration of AI not only expedites innovative drug discovery but also refines delivery mechanisms,
promising more effective and tailored treatments with the potential to revolutionize patient care. The
data-processing capabilities of AI drive digitalization and widespread utilization. Applications in drug
discovery, development, repurposing, and clinical trials aim to alleviate human workload, expedite
objectives, and foster innovation. Despite promising prospects, concerns about job displacement and
stringent regulations accompany AI implementation. Emphasizing the intent to augment human labor
rather than replace it entirely, the industry anticipates that AI will become a pivotal resource, propelling efficiency, innovation, and advancements in healthcare. This review emphasizes the role of AI
in transforming drug discovery and delivery
The Antihypertensive Potential of Aqueous extract of Peristrophe Bivalvis (L.) Merr. is via Up-regulation of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate and Down-regulation of the Renin-angiotensin System
Authors: Aluko Esther Oluwasola , David Ubong Edem , Ojetola Abodunrin Adebayo , Fasanmade Adesoji Adedipe
Published: July 2024

Background:

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Peristrophe
bivalvis (PB) is used for the treatment of hypertension, painful sprains, skin diseases, tuberculosis,
acute bronchitis, anti-inflammatory conditions, hepatitis, and diabetes. Its antihypertensive
potential has been investigated and documented. This study investigated the antihypertensive
mechanism of aqueous extract of PB leaf (APB) on L-NAME-induced hypertension.

Methods:

Thirty male wistar rats (150-170 g) were grouped into five (n=5). Group 1 received 10
mL/kg of distilled water (control), while groups 2-5 were administered 60 mg/kg of L-NAME
(L-NAME60) orally for eight weeks to induce hypertension. After eight weeks, groups 2-5 received
L-NAME60+distilled water (HNT), distilled water (HRE), L-NAME60+APB (200 mg/kg,
[HAPB]), and L-NAME60+ramipril (10 mg/kg, [HRA]), respectively, for five weeks. The BP
was measured by the tail-cuff method. The blood sample was obtained under anesthesia, and tissue
samples were obtained after euthanasia. Serum renin, ACE, angiotensin-II, endothelin-1, and
cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were measured using ELISA techniques. Malondialdehyde,
superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured
by spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at α0.05.

Results:

The BP significantly decreased in HAPB compared to HNT. Renin, ACE, and angiotensin-
II levels significantly decreased while cGMP levels increased in the HAPB group compared to
HNT. Malondialdehyde levels significantly decreased, and SOD and GSH levels increased compared
to HNT.

Conclusion:

Peristrophe bivalvis aqueous leaf extract reduced blood pressure in hypertensive rats
by modulating the cGMP signalling pathway and the renin-angiotensin system.
Circumventing Cardiovascular Calamities: The Dawn of ANGPTL3 Blockade in Severe Dyslipidemia Management
Authors: Namitokov Alim , Karabakhtsieva Karina
Published: July 2024

:

The landscape of severe dyslipidemia treatment is undergoing a remarkable transformation
with the advent of angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibitors. ANGPTL3, a pivotal regulator
of lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase, orchestrates the catabolism of triglyceride-rich and
high-density lipoproteins, thus playing a critical role in lipid homeostasis. This review article examines
the therapeutic potential of ANGPTL3 blockade and its implications for patients with severe
dyslipidemias, particularly those unresponsive to traditional lipid-lowering regimens. We
delve into the molecular mechanisms by which ANGPTL3 influences lipid metabolism and appraise
the clinical utility of emerging therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies and antisense
oligonucleotides. Moreover, we discuss the impact of ANGPTL3 inhibition on cardiovascular risk
factors and project its promising role in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The narrative
synthesizes data from recent clinical trials, including the efficacy and safety profiles of
ANGPTL3 inhibitors, and forecasts the potential of these agents to revolutionize the management
of dyslipidemic conditions. The advent of ANGPTL3-targeted therapies signifies a potential breakthrough
in the therapeutic armamentarium against complex lipid disorders, heralding a new era of
precision medicine in cardiovascular risk mitigation.
Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Brief Overview of Tau PET Tracers in Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Aghahosseini Farahnaz , Salehi Yalda , Farzanefar Saeed , Bakhshi Kashi Mohsen , Eppard Elisabeth , Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat , Mirzaei Siroos , Vahidfar Nasim , Aghanejad Ayuob
Published: July 2024

Dementia (the most common cause of Alzheimer's disease) is defined as a chronic or
progressive syndrome with disturbance of multiple cortical functions, the most important of
them including memory, learning capacity, comprehension, orientation, calculation, language,
and judgement. These cognitive impairments affect the quality of life, behavior, and social relations.
Techniques of nuclear medicine provide feasible ways to record the intracellular alterations
of disease and deficiencies. In these non-invasive manners, the hippocampal-neocortical
disconnection may partly explain the hypo-metabolism incident found in Alzheimer's disease.
Based on this fact, the study of all these mechanisms of action is conceivable and achievable by
radiopharmaceuticals. This review is aimed at the presentation of radiopharmaceuticals that are
developed for the detection of Alzheimer’s disease in preclinical and clinical trials.
RBM3 Inhibits the Cell Cycle of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Huang Yan , Sun Weichao , Zhu Danli , Liu Li , Feng Jianguo , Yi Qian
Published: July 2024

Background:

RBM3 is a key RNA-binding protein that has been implicated in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation.
However, its role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remains poorly understood.

Aims:

We aimed to investigate the expression levels of RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) in patients with cSCC and evaluate its effect on cell ability
in cSCC and its underlying regulatory mechanisms.

Methods:

The expression of RBM3 in cSCC tissues and A431 cells was determined via immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Plenti-CMV-RBM3-
Puro was used to overexpress RBM3. The effect of RBM3 on the proliferation ability of cSCC cells was evaluated using MTT and colony
formation assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were determined using flow cytometry, while the protein expressions of BAX, NF-κB, BCL2,
CASPASE 3, CYCLIN B, CYCLIN E, CDK1, phosphorylated (P)-CDK1, CDK2, P-CDK2, ERK, P-ERK, P-AMPK, AKT, P-AKT, MDM2, and
P53 were assessed using western blotting.

Results:

RBM3 expression was significantly downregulated in cSCC tissues and A431 cells. RBM3 overexpression significantly inhibited the cell
proliferation and colony formation ability of A431. Notably, RNA-seq results showed that the differentially expressed genes associated with
RBM3 were primarily involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, and P53 signaling pathway, as well as the modulation of the
MAPK, AMPK, Hippo, mTOR, PI3K/AKT, Wnt, FoxO, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that
overexpression of RBM3 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest of cSCC through modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling
pathway.

Conclusion:

This study provides novel insights into the suppressive roles of RBM3 in cell proliferation and the cell cycle in cSCC and highlights its therapeutic
potential for cSCC.
Superhydrophobic Stainless Steel Mesh through Chemical Vapour Deposition of TMCS for Effective Oil-Water Separation
Authors: Latthe Sanjay , Jundle Akshay , Yadav Prashant , Patil Chandrakant , Mote Uttam , Sutar Rajaram , Liu Shanhu
Published: July 2024

Aim:

To Fabricate the superhydrophobic Stainless Steel (SS) mesh using Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) through a Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
method for the oil-water mixture separation

Background:

The frequent oil spills have a devastating impact on marine ecosystems and the environment. The porous materials with superhydrophobic
properties have been created to separate oil and water effectively. Due to their ability to effectively separate oil and water, superhydrophobic
coatings have gained significant attention.

Methods:

The cleaned stainless-steel mesh was put on a stand and covered with a glass container. Within the container, 50 mL of hexane, which contained 1
mL of TMCS, was added. The mesh was then left for 3 h to undergo the CVD process

Results:

The silane content with low surface energy creates a highly rough structure on the mesh surface. The optimal mesh coating is superhydrophobic,
having a strong affinity to oil and a water contact angle of 162 ± 2°. The coated mesh has shown a separation efficiency of over 97.8% for different
oil-water mixtures. The coatings sustain their superhydrophobicity up to 30 tape peels and 40 times sandpaper abrasion, indicating good
mechanical durability.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that the S-3 sample is mechanically stable and can withstand various tests such as adhesive tape peeling, sandpaper abrasion,
bending, folding, and twisting. It efficiently separates oil and water mixtures on a large scale with high efficacy
Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Channel Estimation for Mobile & PLC-VLC Based Broadband Communication System
Authors: Sarkar Manidipa , Nayak Ankit , Nanda Sarita , Patnaik Suprava
Published: July 2024

Background:

The paper focuses on enhancing the performance of 5G wireless mobile
communication systems. Furthermore, it addresses the increasing demand for high data rates, improved channel capacity, and spectrum efficiency outlined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) protocol.

Objective:

To develop an innovative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)-based channel estimation (CE) model aimed at improving the performance of 5G wireless mobile communication
systems

Methods:

A proportionate recursive least squares (PRLS) algorithm is utilized for estimating the
characteristics of practical Rayleigh fading channels. The applicability of the PRLS algorithm is investigated in Lambertian channels for indoor broadband communication systems such as power line
communication (PLC) and visual light communication (VLC) systems.

Results:

The assessment of evaluation metrics, including mean square error (MSE), bit error rate
(BER), spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency (EE), capacity, and data rate, have been analysed. Faster convergence and higher accuracy compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches
have been demonstrated.

Conclusion:

The NOMA-based channel estimation model presents significant promise in enhancing the performance of 5G wireless communication systems. The demands for higher data rates and
improved spectral efficiency as per 3GPP standards have been addressed.
Unveiling Data Fairness Functional Requirements in Big Data Analytics Through Data Mapping and Classification Analysis
Authors: Hemalatha Palanimanickam , Lavanya Jayaraman
Published: July 2024

Aims:

In the realm of Big Data Analytics, ensuring the fairness of data-driven decisionmaking processes is imperative. This abstract introduces the Learning Embedded Fairness Interpretation (LEFI) Model, a novel approach designed to uncover and address data fairness functional requirements with an exceptional accuracy rate of 97%. The model harnesses advanced data mapping
and classification analysis techniques, employing Explainable-AI (xAI) for transparent insights into fairness within large datasets

Methods:

The LEFI Model excels in navigating diverse datasets by mapping data elements to discern patterns contributing to biases. Through systematic classification analysis, LEFI identifies potential sources of unfairness, achieving an accuracy rate of 97% in discerning and addressing these
issues. This high accuracy empowers data analysts and stakeholders with confidence in the model's
assessments, facilitating informed and reliable decision-making. Crucially, the LEFI Model's implementation in Python leverages the power of this versatile programming language. The Python
implementation seamlessly integrates advanced mapping, classification analysis, and xAI to provide a robust and efficient solution for achieving data fairness in Big Data Analytics.

Results:

This implementation ensures accessibility and ease of adoption for organizations aiming
to embed fairness into their data-driven processes. The LEFI Model, with its 97% accuracy, exemplifies a comprehensive solution for data fairness in Big Data Analytics. Moreover, by combining
advanced technologies and implementing them in Python, LEFI stands as a reliable framework for
organizations committed to ethical data usage.

Conclusion:

The model not only contributes to the ongoing dialogue on fairness but also sets a
new standard for accuracy and transparency in the analytics pipeline, advocating for a more equitable future in the realm of Big Data Analytics.
Optimizing Microfluidic Channel Design with High-Performance Materials for Safe Neonatal Drug Delivery
Authors: Archana T. , Nachammai N. , Praveenkumar S.
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Designing the microfluidic channel for neonatal drug delivery requires
proper considerations to enhance the efficiency and safety of drug substances when used in neonates.
Thus, this research aims to evaluate high-performance materials and optimize the channel design
by modeling and simulation using COMSOL multiphysics in order to deliver an optimum flow
rate between 0. 3 and 1 mL/hr.

Methods:

Some of the materials used in the study included PDMS, glass, COC, PMMA, PC, TPE,
and hydrogels, and the evaluation criterion involved biocompatibility, mechanical properties, chemical
resistance, and ease of fabrication. The simulation was carried out in the COMSOL multiphysics
platform and demonstrated the fog fluid behavior in different channel geometries, including
laminar flow and turbulence. The study then used systematic changes in design parameters with the
aim of establishing the best implementation models that can improve the efficiency and reliability
of the drug delivery system. The comparison was based mostly on each material and its appropriateness
in microfluidic usage, primarily in neonatal drug delivery. The biocompatibility of the developed
materials was verified using the literature analysis and adherence to the ISO 10993 standard,
thus providing safety for the use of neonatal devices. Tensile strength was included to check
the strength of each material to withstand its operation conditions. Chemical resistance was also
tested in order to determine the compatibility of the materials with various drugs, and the possibility
of fabrication was also taken into consideration to identify appropriate materials that could be used
in the rapid manufacturing of the product.

Results:

The results we obtained show that PDMS, due to its flexibility and simplicity in simulation
coupled with more efficient channel designs which have been extracted from COMSOL, present a
feasible solution to neonatal drug delivery.

Conclusion:

The present comparative study serves as a guide on the choice of materials and design
of microfluidic devices to help achieve safer and enhanced drug delivery systems suitable for the
delicate reception of fragile neonates.