bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter-comparison of retrievals of Integrated Precipitable Water Vapour IPWV) made by INSAT-3DR satellite-borne Infrared Radiometer Sounding and CAMS reanalysis data
with ground-based Indian GNSS data
Authors: Yadav Ramashray , Giri Ram Kumar , Singh Virendra
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The spatiotemporal variations of integrated precipitable water vapor (IPWV) are very important to understand the regional variability of water vapour. Traditional in-situ measurements of IPWV in Indian region are limited and therefore the performance of satellite and Copernicus Atmosphere Meteorological Service (CAMS) retrievals with Indian Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) taking as reference has been analyzed. In this study the CAMS reanalysis retrieval one year (2018), Indian GNSS and INSAT-3DR sounder retrievals data for one & half years (January-2017 to June-2018) has been utilized and computed statistics. It is noticed that seasonal correlation coefficient (CC) values between INSAT-3DR and Indian GNSS data mainly lie within the range of 0.50 to 0.98 for all the selected 19 stations except Thiruvanathpuram (0.1), Kanyakumari (0.31), Karaikal (0.15) during monsoon and Panjim (0.2) during post monsoon season respectively. The seasonal CC values between CAMS and INSAT-3DR IPWV are ranges 0.73 to .99 except Jaipur (0.16) & Bhubneshwar (0.29) during pre-monsoon season, Panjim (0.38) during monsoon, Nagpur (0.50) during post-monsoon and Dibrugarh (0.49) Jaipur (0.58) & Bhubneshwar (0.16) during winter season respectively .The root mean square error (RMSE) values are higher under the wet conditions (Pre Monsoon & Monsoon season) than under dry conditions (Post Monsoon & Winter season) and found differences in magnitude and sign of bias of INSAT-3DR, CAMS with respect to GNSS IPWV from station to station and season to season. This study will help to improve understanding and utilization of CASMS and INSAT-3DR data more effectively along with GNSS data over land, coastal and desert locations in term of seasonal flow of IPWV which is an essential integrated variable in forecasting applications.
Unraveling the physical and physiological basis for the solar- induced chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis relationship using continuous leaf and canopy measurements of a corn crop
Authors: Yang Peiqi , van der Tol Christiaan , Campbell Petya K. E. , Middleton Elizabeth M.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Estimates of the gross terrestrial carbon uptake exhibit large uncertainties. Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has an apparent near-linear relationship with gross primary production (GPP). This relationship will potentially facilitate the monitoring of photosynthesis
from space. However, the exact mechanistic connection between SIF and GPP is still not clear. To explore the physical and physiological basis for their relationship, we used a unique data set comprising continuous field
measurements of leaf and canopy fluorescence and photosynthesis of corn over a growing season. We found that, at canopy scale, the positive relationship between SIF and GPP was dominated by absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR), which was equally affected by variations in incoming radiation and changes in canopy structure. After statistically controlling these underlying physical effects, the remaining correlation between far-red SIF and GPP due solely to the functional link between fluorescence and photosynthesis at the photochemical level was much weaker (ρ=0.30). Active leaf level fluorescence measurements revealed a moderate positive correlation between the efficiencies of fluorescence emission and photochemistry for sunlit leaves in well-illuminated conditions but a weak negative correlation in the low-light condition, which was negligible for shaded leaves. Differentiating sunlit and shaded leaves in the light use efficiency (LUE) models for SIF and GPP facilitates a better understanding of the SIF–GPP relationship at different environmental and canopy conditions. Leaf level fluorescence measurements also demonstrated that the sustained thermal dissipation efficiency dominated the seasonal energy partitioning, while the reversible heat dissipation dominated the diurnal leaf energy partitioning. These diurnal and seasonal variations in heat dissipation underlie, and are thus responsible for, the observed remote-sensing-based link between far-red SIF and GPP.
Extending a land-surface model with Sphagnum moss to simulate responses of a northern temperate bog to whole ecosystem warming and elevated CO2
Authors: Shi Xiaoying , Ricciuto Daniel M. , Thornton Peter E. , Xu Xiaofeng , Yuan Fengming , Norby Richard J. , Walker Anthony P. , Warren Jeffrey M. , Mao Jiafu , Hanson Paul J. , Meng Lin , Weston David , Griffiths Natalie A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Mosses need to be incorporated into Earth system models to better simulate
peatland functional dynamics under the changing environment. Sphagnum mosses are strong
determinants of nutrient, carbon, and water cycling in peatland ecosystems.
However, most land-surface models do not include Sphagnum or other mosses as
represented plant functional types (PFTs), thereby limiting predictive
assessment of peatland responses to environmental change. In this study, we
introduce a moss PFT into the land model component (ELM) of the Energy
Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) by developing water content dynamics and
nonvascular photosynthetic processes for moss. The model was parameterized
and independently evaluated against observations from an ombrotrophic
forested bog as part of the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing
Environments (SPRUCE) project. The inclusion of a Sphagnum PFT with some Sphagnum-specific
processes in ELM allows it to capture the observed seasonal dynamics of
Sphagnum gross primary production (GPP) albeit with an underestimate of peak GPP.
The model simulated a reasonable annual net primary production (NPP) for
moss but with less interannual variation than observed, and it reproduced aboveground biomass for tree PFTs and stem biomass for shrubs. Different species
showed highly variable warming responses under both ambient and elevated
atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and elevated CO2 altered the
warming response direction for the peatland ecosystem. Microtopography is
critical: Sphagnum mosses on hummocks and hollows were simulated to show opposite
warming responses (NPP decreasing with warming on hummocks but increasing
in hollows), and hummock Sphagnum was modeled to have a strong dependence on water
table height. The inclusion of this new moss PFT in global ELM simulations may
provide a useful foundation for the investigation of northern peatland
carbon exchange, enhancing the predictive capacity of carbon dynamics across
the regional and global scales.
Effects of spatial variability on the exposure of fish to hypoxia: a modeling analysis for the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: LaBone Elizabeth D. , Rose Kenneth A. , Justic Dubravko , Huang Haosheng , Wang Lixia
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The hypoxic zone in the northern Gulf of Mexico varies spatially (area, location) and temporally (onset, duration) on multiple scales. Exposure of fish to hypoxic dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (< 2 mg L−1) is often lethal and avoided, while exposure to 2 to 4 mg L−1 occurs readily and often causes the sublethal effects of decreased growth and fecundity for individuals of many species. We simulated the movement of individual fish within a high-resolution 3-D coupled hydrodynamic
water quality model (FVCOM-WASP) configured for the northern Gulf of Mexico to examine how spatial variability in DO concentrations would affect fish exposure to hypoxic and sublethal DO concentrations. Eight static snapshots (spatial maps) of DO were selected from a 10 d FVCOM-WASP simulation that showed a range of spatial variation (degree of clumpiness) in sublethal DO for when total sublethal area was moderate (four maps) and for when total sublethal area was high (four maps). An additional case of allowing DO to vary in time (dynamic DO) was also included. All simulations were for 10 d and were performed for 2-D (bottom layer only) and 3-D (allows for vertical movement of fish) sets of maps. Fish movement was simulated every 15 min with each individual switching among three algorithms: tactical avoidance when exposure to hypoxic DO was imminent, strategic avoidance when exposure had occurred in the recent past, and default (independent of DO) when avoidance was not invoked. Cumulative exposure of individuals to hypoxia was higher under the high sublethal area snapshots compared to the moderate sublethal area snapshots but spatial variability in sublethal concentrations had little effect on hypoxia exposure. In contrast, relatively high exposures to sublethal DO concentrations occurred in all simulations. Spatial variability in sublethal DO had opposite effects on sublethal exposure between moderate and high sublethal area maps: the percentage of fish exposed to 2–3 mg L−1 decreased with increasing variability for high sublethal area but increased for moderate sublethal area. There was also a wide range of exposures among individuals within each simulation. These results suggest that averaging DO concentrations over spatial cells and time steps can result in underestimation of sublethal effects. Our methods and results can inform how movement is simulated in larger models that are critical for assessing how management actions to reduce nutrient loadings will affect fish populations.
Freitalite, C14H10, a new aromatic hydrocarbon mineral from Freital, Saxony, Germany
Authors: Witzke Thomas , Schreyer Martin , Brandes Benjamin , Csuk René , Pöllmann Herbert
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The new mineral species freitalite, C14H10,
corresponding to the aromatic hydrocarbon anthracene, has been discovered on
the mine dump of the Königin Carola shaft (also named Paul Berndt Mine), Freital,
near Dresden, Saxony, Germany. The mineral forms thin blades or flakes of
irregular shape up to a few millimetres in size and shows an intense violet or
whitish-violet to white colour. Freitalite is a product of pyrolysis of coal
at low oxygen fugacity and was formed by sublimation from a gas phase. The
mineral is associated with sulfur and hoelite. Elemental analysis gave (in
wt. %, average of three analyses) C 94.07, H 5.571 and total 99.641. The
empirical formula is C14.00H9.88 (calculated for C = 14). The
identity with anthracene was confirmed by infrared and Raman spectroscopy,
high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography with mass
spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR spectrometry, and X-ray powder
diffraction. Freitalite is monoclinic, P21∕a, with lattice parameters a=8.5572(9), b=6.0220(5), c=11.173(1) Å, β=124.174(1)∘ and V=476.34(3) Å3 refined from powder
data. The calculated density of 1.242 g cm−3 (for Z=2) is
very close to the measured density of 1.240 g cm−3. Freitalite
was accepted as a new mineral by the Commission on New Minerals,
Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical
Association (IMA 2019-116).
EstSoil-EH: a high-resolution eco-hydrological modelling parameters dataset for Estonia
Authors: Kmoch Alexander , Kanal Arno , Astover Alar , Kull Ain , Virro Holger , Helm Aveliina , Pärtel Meelis , Ostonen Ivika , Uuemaa Evelyn
Published: January 2021

Abstract. To understand, model, and predict landscape evolution,
ecosystem services, and hydrological processes, the availability of detailed
observation-based soil data is extremely valuable. For the EstSoil-EH
dataset, we synthesized more than 20 eco-hydrological variables on soil,
topography, and land use for Estonia (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3473289, Kmoch et al., 2019a) as numerical and categorical values from the
original Soil Map of Estonia, the Estonian 5 m lidar DEM, Estonian
Topographic Database, and EU-SoilHydroGrids layers. The Soil Map of Estonia maps more than 750 000 soil units throughout Estonia
at a scale of 1:10 000 and forms the basis for EstSoil-EH. It is the most
detailed and information-rich dataset for soils in Estonia, with 75 % of
mapped units smaller than 4.0 ha, based on Soviet-era field mapping. For
each soil unit, it describes the soil type (i.e. soil reference group), soil
texture, and layer information with a composite text code, which comprises
not only the actual texture class, but also classifiers for rock
content, peat soils, distinct compositional layers, and their depths. To use
these as eco-hydrological process properties in modelling applications we
translated the text codes into numbers. The derived parameters include soil
layering, soil texture (clay, silt, and sand contents), coarse fragments, and
rock content of the soil layers within the soil profiles. In addition, we
aggregated and predicted physical variables related to water and carbon
cycles (bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon content,
available water capacity). The methodology and dataset developed will be an important resource for the
Baltic region, but possibly also for all other regions where detailed
field-based soil mapping data are available. Countries like Lithuania and
Latvia have similar historical soil records from the Soviet era that could
be turned into value-added datasets such as the one we developed for
Estonia.
tTEM20AAR: a benchmark geophysical dataset for unconsolidated
ﬂuvio-glacial sediments
Authors: Neven Alexis , Maurya Pradip Kumar , Christiansen Anders Vest , Renard Philippe
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Quaternary deposits are complex and heterogeneous. They contain some of the most abundant and extensively used aquifers. In order to improve the knowledge of the spatial heterogeneity of such deposits, we acquired a large (more than 1400 hectares) and dense (20 m spacing) Time Domain ElectroMagnetic (TDEM) dataset in the upper Aare Valley, Switzerland. TDEM is a fast and reliable method to measure the magnetic field directly related to the resistivity of the underground. In this paper, we present the inverted resistivity models derived from this acquisition, and all the necessary data in order to perform different inversions on the processed data (https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4269887 (Neven et al., 2020)). The depth of investigation ranges between 40 to 120 m depth, with an average data residual contained in the standard deviation of the data. These data can be used for many different purposes: from sedimentological interpretation of quaternary environments in alpine environments, geological and hydrogeological modeling, to benchmarking geophysical inversion techniques.
Ensemble-based data assimilation of atmospheric boundary layer
observations improves the soil moisture analysis
Authors: Finn Tobias Sebastian , Geppert Gernot , Ament Felix
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We revise the potential of assimilating atmospheric boundary layer observations into the soil moisture. Previous studies often stated a negative assimilation impact of boundary layer observations on the soil moisture analysis, but recent developments in physically-consistent hydrological model systems and ensemble-based data assimilation lead to an emerging potential of boundary layer observations for land surface data assimilation. To explore this potential, we perform idealized twin experiments for a seven-day period in Summer 2015 with a coupled atmosphere-land modelling platform. We use TerrSysMP for these limited-area simulations with a horizontal resolution 1.0 km in the land surface component. We assimilate sparse synthetic 2-metre-temperature observations into the land surface component and update the soil moisture with a localized Ensemble Kalman filter. We show a positive assimilation impact of these observations on the soil moisture analysis during day-time and a neutral impact during night. Furthermore, we find that hourly-filtering with a three-dimensional Ensemble Kalman filter results in smaller errors than daily-smoothing with a one-dimensional Simplified Extended Kalman filter, whereas the Ensemble Kalman filter additionally allows us to directly assimilate boundary layer observations without an intermediate optimal interpolation step. We increase the physical consistency in the analysis for the land surface and boundary by updating the atmospheric temperature together with the soil moisture, which as a consequence further reduces errors in the soil moisture analysis. Based on these results, we conclude that we can merge the decoupled data assimilation cycles for the land surface and the atmosphere into one single cycle with hourly-like update steps.
Effects of basal drag on subduction dynamics from 2D numerical models
Authors: Suchoy Lior , Goes Saskia , Maunder Benjamin , Garel Fanny , Davies Rhodri
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Subducting slabs are an important driver of plate motions, yet the
relative importance of different forces in governing subduction motions and
styles remains incompletely understood. Basal drag has been proposed to be a
minor contributor to subduction forcing because of the lack of correlation
between plate size and velocity in observed and reconstructed plate motions.
Furthermore, in single subduction system models, low basal drag leads to
subduction behaviour most consistent with the observation that trench
migration velocities are generally low compared to convergence velocities.
By contrast, analytical calculations and global mantle flow models indicate
basal drag can be substantial. In this study, we revisit this problem by
examining the drag at the base of the lithosphere, for a single subduction
system, in 2D models with a free trench and composite non-linear rheology.
We compare the behaviour of short and long plates for a range of
asthenospheric and lithospheric rheologies. We reproduce results from
previous modelling studies, including low ratios of trench over plate
motions. However, we also find that any combination of asthenosphere and
lithosphere viscosity that produces Earth-like subduction behaviour leads to
a correlation of velocities with plate size, due to the role of basal drag.
By examining Cenozoic plate motion reconstructions, we find that slab age
and plate size are positively correlated: higher slab pull for older plates
tends to be offset by higher basal drag below these larger plates. This, in
part, explains the lack of plate velocity–size correlation in observations,
despite the important role of basal drag in the subduction force balance.
Polarimetric radar reveals the spatial distribution of ice fabric at
domes in East Antarctica
Authors: Ershadi M. Reza , Drews Reinhard , Martín Carlos , Eisen Olaf , Ritz Catherine , Corr Hugh , Christmann Julia , Zeising Ole , Humbert Angelika , Mulvaney Robert
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ice crystals are mechanically and dielectrically anisotropic. They progressively align under cumulative deformation, forming an ice crystal orientation fabric that, in turn, impacts ice deformation. However, almost all the observations of fabric are from ice core analysis and its interplay with the flow is unclear. Here, we present a non-linear inverse approach that combines radar polarimetry with vertical changes in anisotropic reflection to extract, for the first time, the full orientation tensor. The orientation tensor is routinely used to synthesize fabric information and it is used in anisotropic ice flow models. We validate our approach at two Antarctic ice-core sites (EDC and EDML) in contrasting flow regimes. Spatial variability of ice-fabric characteristics in the dome-to-flank transition near Dome C is quantified with 20 more sites located along a 36 km long cross-section. Local horizontal anisotropy increases under the dome summit and decreases away from the dome summit. We suggest that this is a consequence of the non-linear rheology of ice also known as Raymond effect. On larger spatial scales, horizontal anisotropy increases with increasing distance from the dome. At most of the sites, the main driver of ice-fabric evolution is vertical compression, yet our data show that ice fabric horizontal distribution is consistent with the present horizontal flow. Our method, which uses co- and cross polarimetric radar data suitable for profiling radar applications, can constrain ice-fabric distribution on a spatial scale comparable to ice flow observations and models.
The storm-track suppression over the western North Pacific from a cyclone life-cycle perspective
Authors: Schemm Sebastian , Wernli Heini , Binder Hanin
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Surface cyclones that feed the western part of the North Pacific storm track and experience a midwinter suppression originate from three regions: the East China Sea (∼30∘ N), the Kuroshio extension (∼35∘ N), and downstream of Kamchatka (∼53∘ N). In midwinter, in terms of cyclone numbers, Kuroshio (45 %) and Kamchatka (40 %) cyclones dominate in the region where eddy kinetic energy is suppressed, while the relevance of East China Sea cyclones increases from winter (15 %) to spring (20 %). The equatorward movement of the baroclinicity and the associated upper-level jet toward midwinter influence cyclones from the three genesis regions in different ways. In January, Kamchatka cyclones are less numerous and less intense, and their lifetime shortens, broadly consistent with the reduced baroclinicity in which they grow. The opposite is found for East China Sea cyclones, which in winter live longer, are more intense, and experience more frequently explosive deepening. The fraction of explosive East China Sea cyclones is particularly high in January when they benefit from the increased baroclinicity in their environment. Again, a different and more complex behavior is found for Kuroshio cyclones. In midwinter, their number increases, but their lifetime decreases; on average they reach higher intensity in terms of minimum sea level pressure, but the fraction of explosively deepening cyclones decreases and the latitude where maximum growth occurs shifts equatorward. Therefore, the life cycle of Kuroshio cyclones seems to be accelerated in midwinter with a stronger and earlier but also shorter deepening phase followed by an earlier decay. Once they reach the latitude where eddy kinetic energy is suppressed in midwinter, their baroclinic conversion efficiency is strongly reduced. Together, this detailed cyclone life-cycle analysis reveals that the North Pacific storm-track suppression in midwinter is related to fewer and weaker Kamchatka cyclones and to more equatorward intensifying and then more rapidly decaying Kuroshio cyclones. The less numerous cyclone branch from the East China Sea partially opposes the midwinter suppression. The cyclones passing through the suppressed region over the western North Pacific do not propagate far downstream and decay in the central North Pacific. The behavior of cyclones in the eastern North Pacific requires further analysis.
TENSÕES ENTRE EMANCIPAÇÃO E AUTORITARISMO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE PAULO FREIRE
Authors: Marcon Telmo , Nolli Marcelo Ricardo
Published: January 2021

As contribuições político-pedagógicas de Paulo Freire são inegáveis. Por que então ele é um pensador tão execrado por alguns segmentos da sociedade brasileira? O aflorar de um pensamento autoritário no Brasil nos últimos anos coloca sob suspeita toda e qualquer perspectiva pedagógica que se defina como emancipadora e formadora de um sujeito emancipado, capaz de tomar decisões e predisposto a dialogar com diferentes interlocutores. O presente artigo foca-se na análise do potencial emancipador da pedagogia freireana, razão pela qual é contestado de forma tão violenta por defensores de ideais autoritários. Buscando dar conta dessa problemática, o artigo inicia com uma problematização sobre os desafios de uma pedagogia emancipadora no contexto atual; faz um breve diagnóstico sobre a dimensão autoritária da sociedade contemporânea; recupera elementos fundamentais da dimensão emancipadora da pedagogia freireana e conclui reafirmando a tese de necessidade de dar maior visibilidade aos ideais freireanos na formação de um sujeito crítico, criativo e emancipado, especialmente no âmbito da educação escolar.
FEMINISMO SOCIALISTA E PEDAGOGIA DAS MULHERES OPRIMIDAS: UM CAMINHO LIBERTADOR EM TEMPOS DE NEOLIBERALISMO
Authors: Furlan Brighente Miriam
Published: January 2021

Vivemos num sistema capitalista neoliberal que defende o individualismo e a competição e onde as ações humanas são pautadas pela ideologia do livre mercado. Para superar essa lógica opressiva e exploradora, proponho um diálogo entre o feminismo socialista e uma pedagogia das mulheres oprimidas, que é uma alternativa coletiva e cooperativa, forjada com e não para as mulheres. O objetivo desta investigação teórica é estender a teoria de Paulo Freire para incorporar o feminismo socialista e, assim, construir uma educação popular feminista e socialista. Para construir um novo mundo, protestos massivos, mas também trabalho de educação popular, socialista e feminista com pequenos grupos tem se tornado cada vez mais urgente em tempos de neoliberalismo, como as práticas desenvolvidas no Brasil, Canadá, Estados Unidos e Bolívia. É lendo o mundo, ou seja, o conhecimento criado socialmente, e lendo a palavra, o conhecimento sistematizado, que as mulheres podem se tornar críticas de seu contexto e lutar por uma justiça social revolucionária.
New technologies - BlockChain as a Service (BCaaS) for healthcare
Authors: Mahalingam Radhakrishnan , Ahmad Ahanger Waseem
Published: January 2021

Background: The healthcare domain is undergoing a major shift towards electronic health records (EHR) and data management as illustrated by the global trend in with a shift over recent times from passive technology adopters towards more investigators and explorers. There is a vital need for a universal patient record in a distributed ledger and new approaches to ensure collaborative health when we can manage our own wellness outside of the system to improve outcomes and contain healthcare costs. There are a few immediate needs to address which are patient-centric management regarding high incidence chronic diseases and identification and optimization of at-risk parameters. Methods: This is an ideation for exploring “Blockchain” implementation to match the correct individual to their health data which is critical to their medical care. It is recognized that a significant proportion of EHR are not accurately matched within the same healthcare system and this hinders critical success factors such as effective patient management, patient satisfaction, and continuity of quality care (Figure 2). Results: The following outcomes and advantages are expected to be delivered for patient care records management offering transparent and verifiable records which are encrypted to provide streamlined clinical data flow benefitting patients. Core benefits also include enhancing transparency to patients, reducing threats of hacking, increasing patient records safety, eliminating workarounds, and minimizing IT expenditures and downtimes. Conclusion: As a promising breakthrough, this idea should result in patients no longer needing to perform the tedious task of gathering records from various providers. Instead patients would only need to provide access to their health blockchain, hence retaining control of their data and not spending time and energy keeping their data up to date
.
Immersive simulation and debriefing method as an active learning platform for trauma specialty educational programme
Authors: Momani Emad A Al , Atallah Karim , Alraoush Tawfiq , Al-Atey Asmaa Mosa
Published: January 2021

Background: The Trauma Center of Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Qatar, aims to develop highly skilled specialized trauma nurses. The American Trauma Society highlights the importance of specialty courses for the professional development of trauma nurses. All HMC trauma nurses are mandated to attend the Advanced Trauma Care Nursing (ATCN) course. While, this course focuses on the trauma golden hours and the life threating injuries, there is no coverage on the daily and long term trauma specialty practices. HMC designed a trauma specialty programme and embedded the immersive simulation and debriefing method, a high fidelity simulation through case based teaching
. In this study we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme design. Methods: A four day trauma specialty programme was designed in an active form of learning through case based high fidelity simulation. A skills assessment checklist and nine case based simulation scenarios were developed. A structured learning conversation and debriefing sessions were established after each scenario. To assess the effectiveness of the program design, a retrospective survey was conducted for trauma nurses (n = 75) who attended the programme. Results: For the trauma specialty education programmes, the learning through immersive simulation and debriefing method is an effective, dynamic, and active form of learning (). There was a significant improvement in the competency level of the trauma nurses’ specialty skills (long term and daily basis skills) (). Conclusion: Having a trauma educational specialty programme is essential for the trauma nurses’ professional development. The immersive simulation method is an effective method for the trauma specialty educational courses, as it; improves trauma nurse's knowledge and skills, and it is an active form of education.
Pre-hospital management of major incidents in Qatar: challenges and solutions
Authors: Badawi Anan Al , Alinier Guillaume
Published: January 2021

Background: A major incident is defined as any incident or event which due to its size, nature, and/or complexity, is likely to cause serious disruption to services and would potentially overwhelm the Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service (HMCAS) or one or more of HMC's hospitals as a result. Such an incident requires a coordinated response from multiple agencies including HMC (as well as corporate departments), other healthcare services and hospitals (Qatar Red Crescent), various police forces, and the Qatar Civil Defense (1).

Identified issues: HMCAS defines three primary goals of managing a major incident

1. the greatest good for the greatest number

2. scarce resources

3. not relocate the disaster by transporting all victims to one hospital.

Some common challenges faced by pre-hospital care providers in major incident management are summarized in . If these challenges are not overcome, this will cause the possibility of increasing the numbers of victims, delaying their first aid, and impact on their rapid transportation at the most appropriate healthcare facility. Results: Qatar, as the organizer of a major event such as the 2022 FIFA World Cup, expects approximately 1.3 million visitors, which leads to the formation of mass gatherings in many areas such as stadiums, fan zones, hotels, malls, metro stations, and the airport. One of the duties of HMCAS is planning and preparing for any major incident and address the potential challenges which are listed in . Some of the proposed solutions and procedures to confront them are presented . Conclusion: Major incidents are generally overwhelming for any healthcare system. Regular staff training, good planning, and ensuring effective communication within the entire Service is necessary to ensure the provision of care to the greatest number of victims and transfer them to hospitals appropriate to their condition. HMCAS is already implementing the suggested solutions in preparation for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
Evaluating preparedness of emergency trainees to triage victims of mass casualty incidents
Authors: Al-Moslih Ayad , Naser Howaidi Abdul , Tlayib Shafa , Carr Alison , Nilsson Helene , Fadlallh Elsaye Elawad Elmogiera
Published: January 2021

Background: Triage of victims in mass casualty incidents (MCI) is crucial in prioritizing care and allocating resources. Triage skills are important to be evaluated for training and better preparedness. Using clinical vignettes is a well-known approach to evaluate clinicians’ knowledge and decision-making. This study aims to evaluate preparedness of emergency residents and fellows to triage victims of MCI. Methods: Emergency Medicine (EM) residents and fellows at Hamad General Hospital, Emergency Department (HGH-ED) were invited to the study. Each participant filled a questionnaire followed by triaging of 15 vignette-based victims of MCI. Descriptive statistics elaborated on participants’ training and relevant exposures (). It also showed the degree of agreement in their triage results and rates of under-triage and over-triage. Cohen's kappa coefficient showed inter-rater agreement and internal consistency in triage results. Results: Participants included 63 emergency trainees, 27 residents, and 36 fellows. Only 28.3% (n = 17) of them participated in an MCI drill over the past two years. 51.7% (n = 31) attended training on triage in MCI. 73.3% (n = 44) indicated that they have rarely or never triaged victims in a real MCI or a drill. Only 3.3% (n = 2) perceived themselves as highly confident in triaging victims of MCI. A total of 904 triage outcomes resulted from this exercise (). The overall rate of agreement among the triage outcomes is 73% (660 times in 904 triage outcomes). The rate of over-triage was 36.8% and 23% under-triage. Conclusion: Better triage results was associated with previous triage training. The rate of over-triage was as the literature recommends. However, the rate of under triage was alarmingly higher than the literature recommendation as < 5%. The higher rate of under-triage imposes a risk of missing seriously injured victims, which may lead to higher mortality or poor patients’ outcomes. Further training and exercises may be the key to saving more lives and resources.
Children as a vulnerable group in mass gathering
Authors: Haidar Nasser , Badawi Anan Al , Alinier Guillaume
Published: January 2021

Background: A mass gathering (MG) is defined as a collection of at least 1000 people at a single location over one to several days or weeks. Potential sites for a disaster include festivals, sporting events, conventions, refugee camps, globalization by travel, and might involve a wide range of age groups. The potential number of patients and illnesses or injuries is affected by environmental, biochemical, and psychological factors. Identified issues: Children are vulnerable to higher rates of illnesses or injuries due to multiple factors such as their anatomical and physiological differences in comparison to adults, lower motor and cognitive skills, and inability to know how and when to escape from danger. Children emergency cases are challenging and difficult to handle for healthcare providers in MG incidents due to some factors such as lack of pediatric cases, lack of training and experience in dealing with children, unfamiliarity with using the special equipment for treating children, communication barriers, the absence of a caregiver or personal identification card, inability to provide medical and allergic histories. The use of personal protective equipment can also complicate the assessment and treatment process as it may frighten children. In preparation for the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar the figures to take into consideration are presented in . We aim to propose strategies to enhance the safety and care of children involved in MGs. Results: Although they represent a very small proportion of the population in Qatar, children need special strategies from an emergency management viewpoint which we are proposing in . Adequate preparation is the responsibility of pre-hospital and emergency department healthcare providers, children healthcare agencies, and emergency managers. Conclusion: Several factors make children more vulnerable in mass gatherings incidents and this needs to be considered in emergency preparedness. A multi-disciplinary management team approach should be emphasized, developed, and disseminated through continuing professional development courses.
A systematic review of stability of medicines used in emergency medical service settings
Authors: Rachid Ousama , Obasi Joy , Mohamed Ibrahim MohamedIzham , Diab Mohammad , Al-Moslih Ayad , Makhlouf Ahmed , Alinier Guillaume
Published: January 2021

Background: Temperature, among several environment conditions like humidity, is known to impact medicine stability
. In emergency medical service (EMS) settings, it is often challenging to control these conditions. In the GCC region including Qatar, temperature and relative humidity values may rise over 50°C and 80%, respectively, according to climate data from the Qatar Civil Aviation Authority
. The aim of this systematic review is to collate and analyze data on the stability of EMS medicines exposed to temperature excursions beyond recommended limits (20-25°C with excursions up to 15-30°C) and provide evidence-based best practice recommendations on storage of medicines in EMS settings. Method: Literature on stability studies in EMS settings were obtained from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and grey literature. Data from articles that met inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected using developed data collection forms then analyzed following PRISMA statement. The quality of articles were assessed using the Health Evidence Tool. Results: Thirteen studies were included (Table 1). Results were variable depending on the region and whether the study was done in an EMS setting or simulated in laboratory. Studies affirmed that medicines were exposed to temperatures beyond limits in EMS settings (Table 2). Medicines recommended to be refrigerated were not stable in a temperature-dependent manner. Although many medicines were stable, temperature-sensitive medicines degraded faster, while extreme cold produced various effects. No study has explored the biological effects of degradation and degradation products. Conclusion: EMS medicines are exposed to temperature extremes which may affect their stability and decrease their shelf-life. Therefore, routine stability testing during storage, replacement of exposed medicines and inclusion of temperature monitoring devices are paramount to validate the content of EMS medicines administered to end-users. We aim to collaborate with Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service in Qatar to study the stability of EMS medicines in several settings including ambulances and paramedic bags of indoor and outdoor bike units.
Comparative study between ultrasound determination and clinical assessment of the lumbar interspinous level for spinal anesthesia
Authors: Amin Wafik , Abou Seada Osama , Bedair Elsaid , Elkersh Mansour , Karunakaram Ekambaram
Published: January 2021

Background: Currently, Tuffier's line is considered the standard level for spinal anesthesia. Incorrect determination of this line may result in iatrogenic spinal cord injury. The current study aims to compare the accuracy of the ultrasound versus clinical determination of the spinal level, using X-ray as the standard for comparison. Methods: This prospective, randomized and controlled study included 200 adult patients of both genders and all classes of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). After approval of the Local Ethics Committee and securing informed consent, they were randomized into two equal groups. Patients in the Clinical Group (Group C) were examined by clinical landmarks to assess the Assumed Clinical Tuffier's Line (ACTL). Midpoint of ACTL was marked with a radio-opaque marker and then the True Clinical Tuffier's Line (TCTL) was determined using Fluoroscopy (). Patients in the Ultrasound Group (Group U) were examined using ultrasound machine to determine the Ultrasound Tuffier's Line (USTL). The results of both groups were compared with the Radiological Tuffier's line (RTL) from plain X-rays done for both groups. Results: Results are presented in . In Group C, the ACTL accurately correlated with TCTL in only 12% of the patients. It correlated one space cephalad at L3-4 space (67%), at L3 spine (13%) and two spaces cephalad at L2-3 space (7%) and at L2 spine (1%). In Group U, the UTL accurately correlated in 78% of the patients. It corresponded cephalad to L3-4 space (16%) and to L3 spine (4%) and caudad to L5 spine (2%). Conclusion: Ultrasound examination of the spine is recommended in patients planned for spinal anesthesia, as it is superior to clinical assessment in determining the lumbar interspinous level which will minimize the possibility of iatrogenic spinal cord injury.
El decir veraz en la performatividad queer
Authors: Vilches Rosales Noam
Published: January 2021

Se problematizará el dispositivo de poder sexogenérico utilizando el análisis de la performance queer desde la perspectiva de Butler. Para esto, por un lado se abordará el decir veraz en los diálogos de Platón y por otro lado el concepto de verdad moderno y sus implicancias normativas desde un punto de vista foucaultiano. Finalmente se explicará cómo la disrupción de las comunidades disidentes de género cumplen con los criterios parrhesiasticos, cómo esto le ha permitido confrontar los criterios modernos y el aporte que esto podría significar para el quehacer filosófico.
Reagan’s Cold War on Immigrants: Resistance and the Rise of a Detention Regime, 1981–1985
Authors: Shull Kristina
Published: January 2021

Through migrant and activist testimonies, media coverage, and government documents, this article explores the modes of resistance inside and outside of immigration detention that arose in response to new, more punitive detention policies enacted by the Reagan administration that specifically targeted Caribbean and Central American asylum-seekers in the early 1980s, and the modes of retaliation adopted by the administration in response. It argues migrant detention operates as a form of counter-insurgency, re-centering the geopolitics of asylum within the transnational scope of counter-insurgent warfare and its role in the rise of carceral trends more broadly. Reagan’s “Cold War on immigrants”—defined as a suite of new immigration enforcement measures that was adopted by the Reagan administration during its first term and buttressed the subsequent growth of the detention system—sparked mass resistance. Mounting public dissent against Reagan’s foreign and immigration policies, as evidenced by “inside-outside” and transnational activism, Jesse Jackson’s 1984 presidential campaign, and the Central America peace and Sanctuary movements, prompted the administration to wage a total war against its opponents to maintain its immigration control and foreign policy aims. The contemporary US immigration detention system emerged, and continues, out of this dialectic of resistance and retaliation.
Poverty of the Elderly in Korea
Authors: Kim Se Won , Mah Jai S.
Published: January 2021

Korea’s elderly poverty rate remains very high. The fact that a society long governed by the Confucian idea of respect for the elderly has a high elderly poverty rate is ironic. This paper reveals the causes of the exceptionally high poverty rate of the elderly in Korea. Significant reductions in the birth rate and the rapid aging of the population have fueled reductions in private transfers from adult children to elderly parents. Efforts to strengthen the public transfer system have not kept pace with reductions in private transfers in relieving elderly poverty. Korea’s experience provides policy implications to developing countries.
The Impact of Working Capital Management on Solvency: Empirical Study From Listed Companies in Vietnam
Authors: Hung Dau Hoang , Ha Nguyen Viet , Huyen Ha Thu , Nga Tran Thi
Published: January 2021

Working capital management has a great impact on the solvency of any business entity. This paper examines the impact of working capital management on the solvency of enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock exchange. Data were collected from the financial statements of 395 enterprises listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange and the Hanoi Vietnam Stock Exchange with a total of 1,580 observations in the period of 2015 - 2018. The study used Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM) to investigate the impact of some variables such as average collection period index, inventory conversion cycle index, and average payment period index on the solvency in both short and long terms. The empirical results showed that the average collection period and inventory cycle have a positive impact on short-term solvency and long-term solvency while the average payment period has the opposite impact.
O lugar da mulher negra no mercado de trabalho
Authors: Fernandes Nathaly Cristina , Natividade Carolina Dos Santos Jesuino da
Published: January 2021

De modo geral objetivou-se articular sobre o lugar da mulher negra no mercado de trabalho. E especificadamente: discutir de forma interseccional a situação de mulheres negras no ambiente de trabalho e discutir sobre os cargos mais ocupados por mulheres negras. Quanto a metodologia, tratou-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e qualitativa, sobre a interseccionalidade gênero-raça e mercado de trabalho. Foram utilizadas indexados nas bases de dados Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Pepsic (Periódicos Eletrônicos de Psicologia), BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) e livros sobre a temática. Concluímos que o lugar da mulher negra no mercado de trabalho é em sua maioria cargos com baixos salários, de pouco prestígio, dificuldades na ascensão a posições superiores, essas dificuldades existem na entrada do mercado de trabalho e também na manutenção de seu emprego. Essas desigualdades existentes no mercado de trabalho precisam ser refletidas de forma interseccional, ou seja, levando em consideração a articulação entre gênero e raça. Pois as mulheres negras fazem parte de um grupo historicamente vulnerável, cheio de atravessamentos, demandas e necessidades específicas. É necessário avanços no recrutamento, seleção, demissão, quanto às desigualdades de tratamento, para quebrar a barreira da invisibilidade da mulher negra no mercado de trabalho. No âmbito acadêmico e profissional esse trabalho possibilita aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a realidade de mulheres negras no mercado de trabalho. Provoca discussão e articulação a um tema que é muito relevante. Esse estudo demonstra relevância social, pois oportuniza reflexão e visibilidade às necessidades dessa população sobre o tema, permitindo que percebamos quais os cargos mais ocupados por mulheres negras no mercado de trabalho.
Política Nacional de Enfrentamento à Violência contra as Mulheres
Authors: Lessa Leticia De Matos , Silva Lorena Maria da
Published: January 2021

Redigida em 2011, a Política Nacional de Enfrentamento à Violência contra as Mulheres é fruto de uma militância histórica de movimentos de luta pelos direitos das mulheres. Ela aponta os princípios, diretrizes e objetivos que devem direcionar as ações de enfrentamento as diferentes violências que subjugam mulheres por todo o território brasileiro. Tendo em vista essa Política nosso ensaio objetiva refletir acerca dos possíveis reflexos da aplicação dos princípios e diretrizes da Política na efetividade e integralidade dos atendimentos às mulheres em situação de violência doméstica e de gênero em um Núcleo de Extensão Maria da Penha (NUMAPE). A fim de alcançarmos o objetivo proposto analisaremos os atendimentos realizados no Núcleo Maria da Penha da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Numape/UEM). Nossa reflexão contará com as lentes da história, para compreendermos tais princípios e diretrizes dispostos na Política e, posteriormente, faremos uma análise do desenvolvimento das ações do Numape/UEM averiguando as possibilidades e desafios da aplicação da Política nas práticas de atenção à mulher em situação de violência doméstica e de gênero. A Política propõe o trabalho interdisciplinar e intersetorial enquanto uma das diretrizes para o enfrentamento à violência. Entendemos assim, que as práticas do Numape/UEM podem favorecer o fortalecimento da rede de atenção as mulheres, por meio do trabalho articulado e interdisciplinar. Com pressupostos que extrapolam o campo jurídico e buscando atender as mulheres integralmente, este Núcleo de Extensão direciona suas ações para além do escopo do judiciário e busca concretizar a Política Nacional convidando diferentes mecanismos da rede para unir esforços a fim de desnaturalizar a violência doméstica e de gênero contra as mulheres.