bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bulk and molecular composition variations of gold-tube pyrolysates from severely biodegraded Athabasca bitumen
Authors: Li Zhong-Xuan , Huang Hai-Ping
Published: September 2020

Gold-tube pyrolysis experiments were performed on two Athabasca oil sand bitumens at 300 °C to 525 °C with 2 °C/h rate and 25 °C step under 50 MPa. Pyrolysis temperature of 425 °C is critical for weight loss of bulk bitumen and hydrocarbon generation and destruction. Polar compounds are the main source of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon, gas and coke fractions. Molecular compositions in pyrolyzates vary systematically with increasing pyrolysis temperatures. High molecular weight n-alkanes (C26+) are gradually destructed during pyrolysis due to thermal cracking. Moderate molecular weight n-alkanes (C21–C25) show the highest thermal stability in designed pyrolysis temperatures. The loss of low molecular weight n-alkanes (C20−) might be caused by volatilization during pyrolysis, which may alter commonly used molecular parameters such as ∑n-C20−/∑n-C21+, Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18. Aromatic hydrocarbons were generated from 300 to 425 °C, then condensation and dealkylation have been initiated at 425 °C as evidenced by decreased summed alkylnaphthalenes to alkylphenanthrenes ratios and increased unsubstituted aromatics to substituted homologs ratios in higher temperatures. The occurrence of anthracene and benz[a]anthracene in pyrolysates indicates pyrogenic origin, while fluoranthene shows unexpected behaviors during pyrolysis. Ratios derived from them are not always reliable for pyrogenic source input diagnosis in environmental samples.
Coarse and fine-tuning of lasing transverse electromagnetic modes in coupled all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Park Youngsin , Ying Guanhua , Jana Atanu , Osokin Vitaly , Kocher Claudius C. , Farrow Tristan , Taylor Robert A. , Kim Kwang S.
Published: September 2020

Inorganic perovskite lasers are of particular interest, with much recent work focusing on Fabry-Pérot cavity-forming nanowires. We demonstrate the direct observation of lasing from transverse electromagnetic (TEM) modes with a long coherence time ∼ 9.5 ps in coupled CsPbBr3 quantum dots, which dispense with an external cavity resonator and show how the wavelength of the modes can be controlled via two independent tuning-mechanisms. Controlling the pump power allowed us to fine-tune the TEM mode structure to the emission wavelength, thus providing a degree of control over the properties of the lasing signal. The temperature-tuning provided an additional degree of control over the wavelength of the lasing peak, importantly, maintained a constant full width at half maximum (FWHM) over the entire tuning range without mode-hopping.
Distributed Fiber Birefringence Measurement Using Pulse-Compression Φ-OTDR
Authors: Chen Yongxiang , Fu Yun , Xiong Ji , Wang Zinan
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a novel birefringence measurement method through the Rayleigh backscattered lightwave within single-mode fiber is proposed, using a single chirped-pulse with arbitrary state of polarization. Numerical analysis is carried out in detail, then pulse-compression phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (PC-Φ-OTDR) with polarization-diverse coherent detection is employed to verify this method. A 2km spun single-mode fiber is tested with 8.6 cm spatial resolution, and the average birefringence of the fiber under test is measured as 0.234rad/m, which is consistent with previous literatures about single-mode fiber. Moreover, the relationship between the measured birefringence and the spatial resolution is also studied for the first time, and the results show that spatial resolution is crucial for fiber birefringence measurement.
Biological treatment of leachate from stabilization of biodegradable municipal solid waste in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor
Authors: Bernat K. , Zaborowska M. , Zielińska M. , Wojnowska-Baryła I. , Ignalewski W.
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pollutant removal in sequencing batch biofilm reactors (with floating or submerged carriers) when treating nitrogen- and organic-rich real leachate generated during aerobic stabilization of the biodegradable municipal solid waste. A control reactor contained suspended activated sludge. The share of leachate in synthetic wastewater was 10%, which resulted in ratios of chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand to total Kjeldahl nitrogen in the influent of ca. 11 and ca. 8.5, respectively. Regardless of whether the reactors contained carriers or not, the effectiveness of nitrification (84.2–84.3%) and of the removal of chemical oxygen demand (86.5–87.0%), biochemical oxygen demand (95.5–98.0%) and ammonium (88.9–89.3%) did not differ. However, the presence of carriers and their type determined in which phase of the cycle denitrification occurred. In the control reactor, denitrification took place during mixing phase with the effectiveness of ca. 43.2% (57.7% of the total nitrogen removal). During aeration, the oxygen content increased rapidly, thus reduced the possibility of simultaneous denitrification. In reactors with carriers, in the aeration phase, not only nitrification but also denitrification occurred. The increase in oxygen content in wastewater was slower, which could have caused dissolved oxygen gradients and anoxic zones in deeper layers of the biofilm and flocks. In the reactor with floating carriers, the effectiveness of denitrification and total nitrogen removal increased 1.23- and 1.10-times, respectively, as compared to the control reactor. The highest efficiencies (67.7% and 73.0%, respectively) were observed in the reactor with submerged carriers.
Zn2+ substituted superparamagnetic MgFe2O4 spinel-ferrites: Investigations on structural and spin-interactions
Authors: Phor Lakshita , Chahal Surjeet , Kumar Vinod
Published: September 2020

Nano-magnetic ferrites with composition Mg1−xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7) have been prepared by coprecipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that the lattice parameter was found to increase from 8.402 to 8.424 Å with Zn2+ ion content from 0.3 to 0.7. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed two prominent peaks corresponding to tetrahedral and octahedral at around 560 and 430 cm−1 respectively that confirmed the spinel phase of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the particle size was noted to increase from 18 to 24 nm with an increase in Zn content from x = 0.3 to 0.7. The magnetic properties were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) which ascertained the superparamagnetic behavior of the samples and contribution of superexchange interactions. The maximum magnetization was found to vary from 23.80 to 32.78 emu/g that increased till x = 0.5 and decreased thereafter. Further, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to investigate the chemical composition and substantiate their oxidation states.
Clinical and demographic parameters predict the progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in elderly patients
Authors: Zuliani Giovanni , Polastri Michele , Romagnoli Tommaso , Marabini Lisa , Seripa Davide , Cervellati Carlo , Zurlo Amedeo , Passaro Angelina , Brombo Gloria
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the possibility of predicting the risk of progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia using a combination of clinical/demographic parameters.

Methods

A total of 462 MCI elderly patients (follow-up: 33 months). Variable measured included cognitive functions, age, gender, MCI type, education, comorbidities, clinical chemistry, and functional status.

Results

Amnestic type (aMCI) represented 63% of the sample, non-amnestic (naMCI) 37%; 190 subjects progressed to dementia, 49% among aMCI, and 28% among naMCI. At Cox multivariate regression analysis, only MMSE (one point increase HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.79–0.90), aMCI (HR 2.35; 95% CI 1.39–3.98), and age (1 year increase HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01–1.10) were independently associated with progression to dementia. A score was created based on these dichotomized variables (score 0–3): age (≥ or < 78 years), MMSE score (≥ or < 25/30) and aMCI type. The conversion rate progressed from 6% in subjects with score 0 (negative predictive value: 0.94), to 31% in individuals with score 1, to 53% in subjects with score 2, to 72% in individuals with score 3 (positive predictive value: 0.72). ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.72 (95% CI 0.66–0.75, p 0.0001).

Conclusions

We have described a simple score, based on previously recognized predictors such as age, MMSE, and MCI type, which may be useful for an initial stratification of the risk of progression to dementia in patients affected by MCI. The score might help the clinicians to evaluate the need for more expansive/invasive examinations and for a closer follow-up in MCI patients.
Birth cohort differences in cognitive performance in 75- and 80-year-olds: a comparison of two cohorts over 28 years
Authors: Munukka Matti , Koivunen Kaisa , von Bonsdorff Mikaela , Sipilä Sarianna , Portegijs Erja , Ruoppila Isto , Rantanen Taina
Published: September 2020

Objective

To evaluate cohort differences in cognitive performance in older men and women born and assessed 28 years apart.

Methods

Data in this study were drawn from two age-homogeneous cohorts measured in the same laboratory using the same standardized cognitive performance tests. Participants in the first cohort were born in 1910 and 1914 and assessed in 1989–1990 (Evergreen project, n = 500). Participants in the second cohort were born in 1938 or 1939 and 1942 or 1943 and assessed in 2017–2018 (Evergreen II, n = 726). Participants in both cohorts were assessed at age 75 and 80 years and were recruited from the population register. Cognitive performance was measured using the Digit Span test from the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), Digit Symbol test from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and phonemic Verbal Fluency test from the Schaie-Thurstone Adult Mental Abilities Test. Reaction time assessing motor and mental responses was measured with a simple finger movement task, followed by a complex finger movement task. T-tests were used to study cohort differences and linear regression models to study possible factors underlying differences.

Results

We found statistically significant cohort differences in all the cognitive performance tests, except for the digit span test and simple movement task in men, the later-born cohort performing better in all the measured outcomes.

Conclusions

The results of this study provide strong evidence that cognitive performance is better in more recent cohorts of older people compared to their counterparts measured 28 years earlier.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Right Sided Inguinoscrotal Hernia Associated with Severe Growth Restriction in a Fetus with Trisomy 18: A Case Report
Authors: Seneesh Kumar Vikraman , Elango Nithya , Dubey Aditi
Published: September 2020

Fetal inguinoscrotal hernia is an uncommon occurence in the prenatal life, and published literature on it is scarce. This is a type of indirect hernia that results from abnormal migration of the small bowel into the scrotum via the patent processus vaginalis. We present a case of prenatal diagnosis of right sided fetal inguinoscrotal hernia, with contralateral hydrocele and severe fetal growth restriction confirmed as Trisomy 18 in subsequently performed chromosomal analysis. The index case presented at 35+2 weeks of gestation with a right sided solid scrotal mass with a regular contour, mixed echogenic texture with a few echo-free areas, a distinctive arterial supply and characteristic peristaltic movements. Fetal demise was noted one week later. The diagnosis was confirmed by postnatal examination. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal inguinoscrotal hernia should be followed up with detailed anatomical assessment and chromosomal analysis if indicated by the presence of additional abnormalities. Isolated cases require surgical repair in the neonatal period to avoid sequelae and complications.
New directions in the Minimal Model Program
Authors: Cascini Paolo
Published: September 2020

We survey some recents developments in the Minimal Model Program. After an elementary introduction to the program, we focus on its generalisations to the category of foliated varieties and the category of varieties defined over any algebraically closed field of positive characteristic.
Is There a Role for Plasma Exchange in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis?
Authors: Prendecki Maria , McAdoo Stephen P. , Pusey Charles D.
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review

This review summarises the evidence for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis. TPE is an extra-corporeal treatment which efficiently removes IgG and other pathogenic small molecules from the blood. There are several mechanistic reasons why this should be of benefit in AAV including the well-described pathogenicity of ANCA.

Recent findings

The recently published PEXIVAS trial is the largest study of TPE in AAV to date. It did not show a benefit for adjunctive TPE on a primary end point of ESRD or death. There was no difference in serious adverse events between those treated with TPE and those treated with immunosuppressive drugs alone.

Conclusions

Based on the results of PEXIVAS, most patients with AAV should not be treated with adjunctive TPE. However, there are subgroups of patients with AAV for whom TPE may still be of benefit, including those with double positivity for anti-GBM antibodies and ANCA.
Machine learning model-based two-dimensional matrix computation model for human motion and dance recovery
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Mengni
Published: September 2020

Many regions of human movement capturing are commonly used. Still, it includes a complicated capturing method, and the obtained information contains missing information invariably due to the human's body or clothing structure. Recovery of motion that aims to recover from degraded observation and the underlying complete sequence of motion is still a difficult task, because the nonlinear structure and the filming property is integrated into the movements. Machine learning model based two-dimensional matrix computation (MM-TDMC) approach demonstrates promising performance in short-term motion recovery problems. However, the theoretical guarantee for the recovery of nonlinear movement information lacks in the two-dimensional matrix computation model developed for linear information. To overcome this drawback, this study proposes MM-TDMC for human motion and dance recovery. The advantages of the machine learning-based Two-dimensional matrix computation model for human motion and dance recovery shows extensive experimental results and comparisons with auto-conditioned recurrent neural network, multimodal corpus, low-rank matrix completion, and kinect sensors methods.
Ice from Above: Toward a Better Understanding of Hailstorms
Authors: Allen John , Giammanco Ian , Kumjian Matthew , Punge Heinz , Kunz Michael , Zhang Qinghong , Groenemeijer Pieter
Published: September 2020

Globally relevant and locally devastating, hailstorms produce significant societal impacts; despite this, our understanding of hailstorms and our ability to predict them is still limited.
This Week: Hope, Trees, and Giant Underground Catfish
Authors:   AGU
Published: September 2020

What Earth and space science stories are we recommending this week?
Ad5/3 is able to avoid neutralization by binding to erythrocytes and lymphocytes
Authors: Zafar Sadia , Quixabeira Dafne Carolina Alves , Kudling Tatiana Viktorovna , Cervera-Carrascon Victor , Santos Joao Manuel , Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela Susanna , Zhao Fang , Aronen Pasi , Heiniö Camilla , Havunen Riikka , Sorsa Suvi , Kanerva Anna , Hemminki Akseli
Published: September 2020

Oncolytic adenoviruses are promising cancer therapeutic agents. Clinical data have shown adenoviruses’ ability to transduce tumors after systemic delivery in human cancer patients, despite antibodies. In the present work, we have focused on the interaction of a chimeric adenovirus Ad5/3 with human lymphocytes and human erythrocytes. Ad5/3 binding with human lymphocytes and erythrocytes was observed to occur in a reversible manner, which allowed viral transduction of tumors, and oncolytic potency of Ad5/3 in vitro and in vivo, with or without neutralizing antibodies. Immunodeficient mice bearing xenograft tumors showed enhanced tumor transduction following systemic administration, when Ad5/3 virus was bound to lymphocytes or erythrocytes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings reveal that chimeric Ad5/3 adenovirus reaches non-injected tumors in the presence of neutralizing antibodies: it occurs through reversible binding to lymphocytes and erythrocytes.
Correction: MicroRNA-377-3p released by mesenchymal stem cell exosomes ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by targeting RPTOR to induce autophagy
Authors: Wei Xuxia , Yi Xiaomeng , Lv Haijin , Sui Xin , Lu Pinglan , Li Lijuan , An Yuling , Yang Yang , Yi Huimin , Chen Guihua
Published: September 2020

This work was supported by National 13th Five-Year Science and Technology Plan Major Projects of China (2017ZX10203205-006-001); National Key R&D Plan (2017YFA0104304); National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770648 81972286); Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2015A030312013, 2018A0303130305); Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province (2017B020209004, 20169013, 2017B030314027). This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Enantioselective total synthesis of furofuran lignans via Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic cycloadditon of vinylethylene carbonates with 2-nitroacrylates
Authors: Zhao Can , Khan Ijaz , Zhang Yong Jian
Published: September 2020

Herein, a practical and efficient approach to tetrahydrofurans with three-stereocenters has been developed through Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic cycloaddition of vinylethylene carbonates (VECs) with 2-nitroacrylates under mild conditions.
Metagenomics approach to the intestinal microbiome structure and function in high fat diet-induced obesity in mice fed with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)
Authors: Liu Lina , He Yingying , Wang Kai , Miao Jinlai , Zheng Zhou
Published: September 2020

In this study, a high fat diet induced obesity mouse model (DIO) was used to investigate the modulatory effect of high purity conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the intestinal microbiota.
H5PV2Mo10O40 encapsulated into Cu3(BTC)2 as an efficient heterogeneous nanocrystalline catalyst for styrene epoxidation
Authors: Yue Qian , Lu Ying , Zhang Zhong , Tian Hongrui , Wang Henan , Li Xiaohui , Liu Shuxia
Published: September 2020

The nanocrystalline catalyst HPMoV@Cu3(BTC)2 prepared using a liquid-assisted grinding method showed excellent catalytic activity for the epoxidation of styrene in O2.
Phosphorus-doped hard carbon with controlled active groups and microstructure for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Na , Yang Qianya , Wei Yanxin , Rao Richuan , Wang Yanping , Sha Maolin , Ma Xiaohang , Wang Lili , Qian Yitai
Published: September 2020

Temperature plays an important role in tuning the type of P-containing groups and microstructure, which determine the electrochemical performance.
A rapid response near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe for the real-time tracking of peroxynitrite for pathological diagnosis and therapeutic assessment in a rheumatoid arthritis model
Authors: Lu Jiao , Li Zan , Zheng Xinrui , Tan Jiangkun , Ji Zhongyin , Sun Zhiwei , You Jinmao
Published: September 2020

Endogenous ONOO− generation in rheumatoid arthritis mice was visualized and confirmed by the ratiometric fluorescent probe Ratio-A.
Improving SERS sensitivity of TiO2 by utilizing the heterogeneity of facet-potentials
Authors: Zheng Xinlu , Guo Hongli , Xu Yin , Zhang Jinlong , Wang Lingzhi
Published: September 2020

The SERS activity is correlated with the enhanced mobility of electrons on defective {0 0 1} facets, which is promoted by the electric field pointing from exposed {1 0 1} facets to junction edge to {0 0 1} facets.
Event‐triggered estimation and model predictive control for linear systems with actuator fault
Authors: Lu Qing , Shi Peng , Wu Ligang , Lim Cheng‐Chew
Published: September 2020

This study is concerned with the design of an event‐triggered fault estimation and fault tolerant model predictive control scheme for linear systems subject to disturbances and actuator faults by using the method of delta operator. First, an observer is established to estimate the state and the fault simultaneously. An model predictive controller with fault compensation signals is then proposed through solving a constrained optimisation problem. An event‐triggered scheme is employed to conserve the network bandwidth. The new design techniques are shown to be effective via simulation results.
Maximising the investment returns of a grid‐connected battery considering degradation cost
Authors: Bera Atri , Almasabi Saleh , Tian Yuting , Byrne Raymond H. , Chalamala Babu , Nguyen Tu A. , Mitra Joydeep
Published: September 2020

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are being deployed widely due to numerous benefits including operational flexibility, high ramping capability, and decreasing costs. This study investigates the economic benefits provided by battery ESSs when they are deployed for market‐related applications, considering the battery degradation cost. A comprehensive investment planning framework is presented, which estimates the maximum revenue that the ESS can generate over its lifetime and provides the necessary tools to investors for aiding the decision making process regarding an ESS project. The applications chosen for this study are energy arbitrage and frequency regulation. Lithium‐ion batteries are considered due to their wide popularity arising from high efficiency, high energy density, and declining costs. A new degradation cost model based on energy throughput and cycle count is developed for Lithium‐ion batteries participating in electricity markets. The lifetime revenue of ESS is calculated considering battery degradation and a cost–benefit analysis is performed to provide investors with an estimate of the net present value, return on investment and payback period. The effect of considering the degradation cost on the estimated revenue is also studied. The proposed approach is demonstrated on the IEEE Reliability Test System and historical data from PJM Interconnection.
Kriging‐based ionospheric TEC, ROTI and amplitude scintillation index (S4) maps for India
Authors: Babu Sree Harsha Pasumarthi , Venkata Ratnam Devanaboyina , Lavanya Nagasri Mutyala , Sridhar Miriyala , Padma Raju Koppireddi
Published: September 2020

In this study, an attempt is made to develop regional ionospheric total electron content (TEC), rate of TEC index (ROTI) and amplitude scintillation index (S 4) maps using data from 26 dual‐frequency global positioning system (GPS) receivers under GPS aided geo‐stationary earth orbit augmented navigation programme over Indian region. One‐minute spatial TEC maps are generated for the entire Indian region covering 65–100°E geographic longitudes, 5–40°N geographic latitudes with 2° × 2° grid separation using Kriging method. Also, the ROTI and amplitude scintillation index (S 4) maps for every 5 min are generated. The performance of the generated regional TEC maps is evaluated during a severe geomagnetic storm condition. Patterns of equatorial ionisation anomaly (EIA) TEC structures are investigated for St. Patrick's storm between the days 15 and 20 March 2015 with the generated TEC maps. The proposed TEC maps depict the northern crest of EIA features in latitudinal extent and TEC strength. The kriging method detects the suppressed and downshift of EIA features on 18 March 2015. The movement of plasma bubbles are analysed over Indian latitudes during the transition period of a geomagnetic storm on 17 March 2015.
Improved properties of dual-phase steel via pre-intercritical annealing treatment and thermal cycling
Authors: Ghaemifar Sajad , Mirzadeh Hamed , Sarkari Khorrami Mahmoud , Soltani Reza , Nasiri Zahra
Published: September 2020

The synergistic effects of pre-intercritical annealing treatments and multiple heating to the two-phase region (followed by quenching) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dual-phase (DP) steel were studied. Intercritical annealing of ferritic-pearlitic, martensitic, and cold-rolled martensitic microstructures was investigated. The effects of tempering, austenitisation, grain growth, and recrystallisation were unravelled and an optimum holding time was characterised for each initial microstructure. Grain refinement by recrystallisation of cold-rolled martensitic microstructure resulted in the enhancement of tensile properties. Thermal cycling through multi-step intercritical annealing resulted in grain refinement and enhanced mechanical response. It was revealed that thermal cycling combined with the carefully controlled pre-intercritical microstructure could be simply used for the improvement of mechanical properties of DP steel.
Symmetry properties of non-Hermitian

PT

-symmetric quantum field theories
Authors: Millington P
Published: September 2020

We describe recent progress in understanding the continuous symmetry properties of non-Hermitian,

PT

-symmetric quantum field theories. Focussing on a simple non-Hermitian theory composed of one complex scalar and one complex pseudoscalar, we revisit the derivation of Noether’s theorem to show that the conserved currents of non-Hermitian theories correspond to transformations that do not leave the Lagrangian invariant. We illustrate the impact that this has on the consistent formulation of (Abelian) gauge theories by studying a non-Hermitian extension of scalar quantum electrodynamics. We consider the spontaneous breakdown of both global and local symmetries, and describe how the Goldstone theorem and the Englert-Brout-Higgs mechanism are borne out for non-Hermitian,

PT

-symmetric theories.
Search for

K+→π+vv¯

at CERN
Authors: Kucerova Z
Published: September 2020

The decay

K
+

→

π
+

v

v
¯

, with a very precisely predicted branching ratio of less than 10−10, is one of the best candidates to reveal indirect effects of new physics at the highest mass scales. The NA62 experiment at CERN SPS is designed to measure the branching ratio of the

K
+

→

π
+

v

v
¯

with a decay-in-flight technique, novel for this channel. NA62 took data in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Statistics collected in 2016 allows NA62 to reach the Standard Model sensitivity for

K
+

→

π
+

v

v
¯

, entering the domain of 10−10 single event sensitivity and showing the proof of principle of the experiment. The analysis data is reviewed and the preliminary result from the 2016 data set presented.
PT

-symmetric quantum field theory
Authors: Bender C M
Published: September 2020

PT

-symmetric quantum theory began with an analysis of the strange-looking non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H = p
2 + x (ix)ε. This Hamiltonian is

PT

symmetric and the eigenvalues Hamiltonian are discrete, real, and positive when ε ≥ 0. In this talk we describe the properties of the corresponding quantum-field-theoretic Hamiltonian

H
=

1
2

(

∇
ϕ

)

2

+

1
2

ϕ
2

(
i
ϕ
)

ε

in D-dimensional spacetime, where φ is a pseudoscalar field. We show how to calculate all of the Green’s functions as series in powers of ε directly from the Euclidean partition function. We derive exact finite expressions for the vacuum energy density, the renormalized mass, and the connected n-point Green’s functions for all n 0 ≤ D ≤ 2. For D ≥ 2 the one-point Green’s function and the renormalized mass become infinite, but perturbative renormalization can be performed. The beautiful spectral properties of

PT

-symmetric quantum mechanics appear to persist in

PT

-symmetric quantum field theory.
On the systematic construction of basis invariants
Authors: Trautner A
Published: September 2020

We describe a new, generally applicable strategy for the systematic construction of basis invariants (BIs). Our method allows one to count the number of mutually independent BIs and gives controlled access to the interrelations (syzygies) between mutually dependent BIs. Due to the novel use of orthogonal hermitian projection operators, we obtain the shortest possible invariants and their interrelations. The substructure of non-linear BIs is fully resolved in terms of linear, basis-covariant objects. The substructure distinguishes real (CP-even) and purely imaginary (CP-odd) BIs in a simple manner. As an illustrative example, we construct the full ring of BIs of the scalar potential of the general Two-Higgs-Doublet model.
Test of discrete symmetries in transitions with entangled neutral kaons at KLOE-2
Authors: De Santis A
Published: September 2020

The KLOE-2 experiment at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF) completed its data-taking at the e
+
e
− DAΦNE collider, which implements an innovative collision scheme based on a crab-waist configuration, and achieved the integrated luminosity of more than 5 fb−1 . KLOE-2 represents the continuation of KLOE with an upgraded detector and an extended physics program which includes, among the main topics, neutral kaon interferometry and test of discrete symmetries . Entangled neutral kaon pairs produced at DAΦNE are a unique tool to test discrete symmetries and quantum coherence at the utmost sensitivity, strongly motivating the experimental searches of possible CPT violating effects, which would constitute an unambiguous signal of New Physics. The status of the test of Time reversal and CPT simmetry in

ϕ
→

K
S

K
L

→
π
v
,
3

π
0

,
(
2
π
)

decays with KLOE and KLOE-2 data will be discussed.
Chiral symmetry-breaking schemes and dynamical generation of masses and field mixing
Authors: Blasone M , Jizba P , Smaldone L
Published: September 2020

In this paper we review dynamical generation of field mixing after chiral symmetry breaking. We also study the explicit form of discrete transformations of flavor states in a two-flavor scalar model with field mixing. We find that CPT symmetry is spontaneously broken on flavor vacuum because of its dynamically generated condensate structure.
Disentangling genuine from matter-induced CP violation in neutrino oscillations
Authors: Segarra A , Bernabeu J
Published: September 2020

We prove [1] that, in any flavor transition, neutrino oscillation CP violating asymmetries in matter have two disentangled components: (a) a CPT-odd T-invariant term, non-vanishing iff there are interactions with matter; (b) a T-odd CPT-invariant term, non-vanishing iff there is genuine CP violation. As function of the baseline, these two terms are distinct L-even and L-odd observables, respectively. In the experimental region of terrestrial accelerator neutrinos, we calculate [2] their approximate expressions from which we prove that, at medium baselines, the CPT-odd component is small and nearly (δ-independent, so it can be subtracted from the experimental CP asymmetry as a theoretical background, provided the hierarchy is known. At long baselines, on the other hand, we find that (i) a Hierarchy-odd term in the CPT-odd component dominates the CP asymmetry for energies above the first oscillation node, and (ii) the CPT-odd term vanishes, independent of the CP phase δ, at E = 0.92 GeV(L/1300 km) near the second oscillation maximum, where the T-odd term is almost maximal and proportional to sin δ. A measurement of the CP asymmetry in these energy regions would thus provide separate information on (i) the neutrino mass ordering, and (ii) direct evidence of genuine CP violation in the lepton sector.
Leptogenesis in CPT violating backgrounds
Authors: Bossingham T
Published: September 2020

In a temperature dependent CPT-Violating (CPTV) axial time-like background (induced by the Kalb-Ramond tensor field of string theory) we discuss leptogenesis by solving the Boltzmann equation. The current work non-trivially modifies the framework of a previous phenomenological approach (where the author was involved) where the CPTV axial background was considered to be a constant. The constant background approximation is shown to capture the main phenomenological features of leptogenesis.
Spontaneous CP Violation and Scalar FCNC
Authors: Nebot M
Published: September 2020

A short overview of general aspects of Spontaneous CP Violation and Scalar Flavour Changing Neutral Couplings is presented. Then, a 2HDM where CP Violation has a spontaneous origin, including the generation of a realistic CKM matrix, and which has Scalar Flavour Changing Neutral Couplings of controlled intensity, is discussed. Phenomenological consequences such as the existence of new scalars with masses below 1 TeV, or the possibility of having flavour changing processes such as t → hc or h → bs within experimental reach, are explored.
High precision test of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons
Authors: Piscicchia K , Amirkhani A , Bartalucci S , Bertolucci S , Bazzi M , Bragadireanu M , Cargnelli M , Clozza A , Curceanu C , Del Grande R , De Paolis L , Egger J , Fiorini C , Guaraldo C , Iliescu M , Laubenstein M , Marton J , Mazzocchi T , Miliucci M , Milotti E , Pichler A , Pietreanu D , Scordo A , Shi H , Laura Sirghi D , Sirghi F , Sperandio L , Vazquez Doce O , Veith M , Zmeskal J
Published: September 2020

The VIP collaboration is performing high precision tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons in the extremely low cosmic background environment of the Underground Gran Sasso Laboratories of INFN (Italy). The experimental technique consists in introducing a DC current in a copper conductor, searching for the X-rays emission due to a PEP-forbidden atomic transition from the L shell to the K shell of copper when the K shell is already occupied by two electrons. VIP set un upper limit on the PEP violation probability

1
2

β
2

<
4.7
×

10

−
29

, the aim of the upgraded VIP-2 experiment is to improve this result by two orders of magnitude at least. The experimental setup and the results of preliminary data analyses will be presented.
SUSY discovery prospects with MoEDAL
Authors: Sakurai K , Felea D , Mamuzic J , Mavromatos N E , Mitsou V A , Pinfold J L , Ruiz de Austri R , Santra A , Vives O
Published: September 2020

We present a preliminary study on the possibility to search for massive long-lived electrically charged particles at the MoEDAL detector. MoEDAL is sensitive to highly ionising objects such as magnetic monopoles or massive (meta-)stable electrically charged particles and we focus on the latter in this paper. Requirements on triggering or reducing the cosmic-ray and cavern background, applied in the ATLAS and CMS analyses for long-lived particles, are not necessary at MoEDAL, due to its completely different detector design and extremely low background. On the other hand, MoEDAL requires slow-moving particles, resulting in sensitivity to massive states with typically small production cross sections. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compare the sensitivities of MoEDAL versus ATLAS/CMS for various long-lived particles in supersymmetric models, and we seek a scenario where MoEDAL can provide discovery reach complementary to ATLAS and CMS.
Flavor mixed sleptons and its consequences at one-loop level
Authors: Espinosa-Castañeda R , Flores-Baez F V , Gómez-Bock M , Mondragón M
Published: September 2020

In this work we explore a lepton flavor violation effect induced at one-loop level in an extended version of the minimal supersymmetric standard model with a flavor structure which mix second and third families in the trilinear terms of the soft supersymmetric Lagrangian. In particular, we find a finite expression for

B
R
(
τ
→
μ
γ
)

and

B
R
(
h
→
μ
τ
)

decay, produced by flavor mixed sleptons running in the loop. We would also calculate the

μ
→
μ
γ

1-loop extra contribution that can lead to a solution of the muon g − 2 problem in some regions of parameter space.
The Inert Doublet Model at current and future colliders
Authors: Kalinowski J , Kotlarski W , Robens T , Sokolowska D , Żarnecki A F
Published: September 2020

We discuss the status of the Inert Doublet Model, a two-Higgs doublet model that obeys a discrete Z
2 symmetry and provides a dark matter candidate. We discuss all current theoretical and experimental constraints on the model as well as discovery prospects at current and future colliders.
Fifth forces and discrete symmetry breaking
Authors: Millington P
Published: September 2020

Modifications of general relativity often involve coupling additional scalar fields to the Ricci scalar, leading to scalar-tensor theories of Brans-Dicke type. If the additional scalar fields are light, they can give rise to long-range fifth forces, which are subject to stringent constraints from local tests of gravity. In this talk, we show that Yukawa-like fifth forces only arise for the Standard Model (SM) due to a mass mixing of the additional scalar with the Higgs field, and we emphasise the pivotal role played by discrete and continuous symmetry breaking. Quite remarkably, if one assumes that sufficiently light, non-minimally coupled scalar fields exist in nature, the non-observation of fifth forces has the potential to tell us about the structure of the SM Higgs sector and the origin of its symmetry breaking. Moreover, with these observations, we argue that certain classes of scalar-tensor theories are, up to and including their dimension-four operators, equivalent to Higgs-portal theories. In this way, ultra-light dark matter models may also exhibit fifth-force phenomenology, and we consider the impact on the dynamics of disk galaxies as an example.
An Inert Scalar In The S3 Symmetric Model.
Authors: Espinoza C , Garcés E A , Mondragón M , Reyes-González H
Published: September 2020

We consider the S3 symmetric extension of the Standard Model in which all the irreducible representations of the permutation group are occupied by SU(2) scalar doublets, one of which is taken as inert. We study the parameter space of the model probing points against physical constraints ranging from unitarity tests to experimental Higgs searches limits. We find that the latter constraints severely restrict the parameter space of the model, and that the relic density of the dark matter candidates lies below the Planck bound for a large portion of the probed regions.
Spinor–vector duality and sterile neutrinos in string derived models
Authors: Faraggi Alon E.
Published: September 2020

The MiniBooNE collaboration found evidence for the existence of sterile neutrinos, at a mass scale comparable to the active left–handed neutrinos. While sterile neutrinos arise naturally in large volume string scenarios, they are more difficult to accommodate in heterotic–string derived models that reproduce the GUT embedding of the Standard Model particles. Sterile neutrinos in heterotic–string models imply the existence of an additional Abelian gauge symmetry at low scales, possibly within reach of contemporary colliders. I discuss the construction of string derived Z′
models that utilise the spinor–vector duality to guarantee that the extra U(1)
Z′
symmetry can remain unbroken down to low scales.
Tests of the electroweak sector with precision measurements and diboson final states at the ATLAS Experiment.
Authors: Fabbri L
Published: September 2020

The electroweak sector of the Standard Model can be tested either via precision measurements of fundamental observables or via direct tests of its underlying gauge structure. The ATLAS collaboration has recently released a measurement of the effective leptonic weak mixing angle using data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The result has a precision similar to that of the most precise individual measurements. The high integrated luminosity delivered by the LHC during Run-2 has allowed ATLAS to measure integrated and differential cross-sections for several kinematic observable of W±Z production in pp collisions and to observe vector boson scattering processes with WZ and same-sign WW final states. The results from these milestone analyses as well as their interpretation in the context of the Standard Model are presented in this proceeding.
Nonexistence of locally but not globally supersymmetric orbifolds
Authors: Groot Nibbelink S
Published: September 2020

Motivated by the smallness of the cosmological constant we investigate whether it is possible to have vanishing one-loop heterotic string partition functions for six-dimensional non-supersymmetric toroidal orbifolds. A straightforward way to realize this presents itself, when each orbifold sector separately preserves some Killing spinors, but none of them survives in all sectors combined. By applying some representation theory to the abstract finite point groups underlying toroidal orbifolds it turns out, that this is never possible. This leads to a nonexistence proof of locally but not globally supersymmetric orbifolds.
Overview on solar, geo, and reactor neutrino experiments
Authors: Ludhova L
Published: September 2020

Neutrino physics has made a substantial progress in recent years: ranging from the discovery of new phenomena, as neutrino oscillations, up to the development of milestone experimental techniques, going, at the end, hand-in-hand. Today, we are able to do precision neutrino physics, as well as we have succeeded in using neutrinos as new tools to gain information about astrophysical objects. In spite of this enormous progress, many fundamental questions remain unanswered. This contribution concentrates on low-energy MeV neutrinos emitted from our Sun, along the radioactive decays inside the Earth (geoneutrinos), and reactor neutrinos. For each of these three fields, the present-day motivation, open questions, as well as the latest experimental results and future perspectives are discussed.
Quantum stability in open string theory with broken supersymmetry
Authors: Partouche H
Published: September 2020

We consider the 1-loop effective potential in type I string theory compactified on a torus, with supersymmetry broken by the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism. At fixed supersymmetry breaking scale M, and up to exponentially suppressed terms, we show that the potential admits local minima of arbitrary sign, in dimension d ≤ 5. While the open string Wilson lines are massive, the closed string moduli are flat directions. In a T-dual picture, the relevant backgrounds involve isolated ½-branes, whose positions are frozen on orientifold planes, thus decreasing the rank of the gauge group, and introducing massless fermions in fundamental representations.
Gravitational waves from cosmic domain walls: a mini-review
Authors: Saikawa K
Published: September 2020

Domain walls are sheet-like topological defects produced when a discrete symmetry is spontaneously broken in the early universe. Although the existence of stable domain walls is disfavored by cosmological considerations, it is possible to consider unstable domain walls which disappear early enough not to lead cosmological disasters. In this contribution, we discuss the possibility that a significant amount of gravitational waves is produced by annihilation of such unstable domain walls in the early universe. After reviewing cosmological evolution of domain walls, we give an estimate of the expected gravitational wave signal based on the results of numerical simulations. In addition, we briefly review some well-motivated particle physics models that predict the formation of unstable domain walls. The detectability of predicted signals is also discussed in prospect of planned gravitational wave observatories.
Natural supersymmetric Twin Higgs
Authors: Badziak M , Harigaya K
Published: September 2020

A new class of supersymmetric Twin Higgs (TH) models where new gauge symmetry is responsible for the TH mechanism is reviewed. In this class of models the Higgs mass is naturally in agreement with the LHC measurement while the electroweak symmetry breaking is realised without excessive tuning despite of strong lower bounds on masses of supersymmetric particles set by the LHC. Assuming particular non-abelian structure of the new gauge symmetry the model remains perturbative up to the energy scale of gravity, in contrast to all previously proposed UV completions of the TH model.
Impact of new physics on B + L violation at colliders
Authors: Cerdeño D G , Reimitz P , Sakurai K , amarit C T
Published: September 2020

In the Standard Model, chiral electroweak anomalies predict nonperturbative interactions that violate baryon (B) plus lepton number (L). The potential observability of these processes at colliders has been amply discussed in the literature, mostly focusing on the impact of the accompanying boson emission, which contributes to the cross sections through an exponential function of the center-of-mass energy. We focus instead on the impact of exotic fermions charged under SU(2)L, which not only can be emitted in these processes, but also affect the non-exponential contributions to the cross-sections. Estimating the latter using instanton techniques, we find sizable effects that suggest that if B + L-violating processes are ever seen at colliders, they may involve physics beyond the Standard Model.
Jamming effect evaluation method based on radar behavior recognition
Authors: Chu Zhenyong , Xiao Nan , Liang Jun
Published: September 2020

Rapid and accurate evaluation of radar jamming effect is an important link to enhance the effectiveness of cognitive electronic warfare. Based on the correlation between nodes of networked combat systems, this paper proposes a method to judge the jamming effect of radar through behavior recognition. The attacker utilizes its own sensors to perceive the behaviors of victim radar and its cooperative radar, uses support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to identify and classify their behaviors, marks the classification result as jamming effect label, determines the influence of jamming on the working state of radar, and evaluates the jamming effect of the victim radar. The simulation results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy than the traditional method that only considers victim radar’s behaviors, and the kernel function selection and the dimension of behavior parameters are closely related to the accuracy of the evaluation results.
Application of SVM model to environmental resource analysis in tourism development
Authors: Han Jing
Published: September 2020

With the improvement of economic and living standards, the demand for tourism is increasing. However, the development of tourism brings many problems to the environment, such as aggravating the environmental pollution and reducing the available environmental resources. At the same time, good environmental resources can stimulate local tourism development and economic growth. This paper uses support vector machine (SVM) model to establish the nonlinear relation model between tourism market turnover and various influencing factors, analyses the development of present Chengdu’s tourism market, and predicts the market turnover in three years to provide quantitative reference for the analysis of environmental resources in tourism development.