bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik Plus Herbal pada Pakan Komersil terhadap Retensi Protein dan Retensi Lemak Ikan Nila Merah (Oreochromis niloticus) [The Effect of Addition Probiotic Plus Herbal on Commercial Feed to Protein Retention and Fat Retention Red Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) ]
Authors: Arief Muhammad , Faradiba Diatra , Al-Arief Muhammad Anam
Published: February 2019

Abstract Red tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the mainstays of the freshwater fishery which is growing rapidly in Indonesia. The production of red tilapia fish fishery experiences a significant increase from year after year which amounting from 567.078 tons in 2011 to become 695.063 tons in 2012 and 909.016 tons in 2013 ( Directorate General of Aquaculture – Ministry of Marine and Fishery, 2014). The development of red tilapia fish farming were not experiences many issues, but there is one problem that needs to be concern which is about feed problem, the feed that used in aquaculture activities is determine the production costs up to 60-70% of the total production cost incurred (Jusadi et al., 2004). Fish farming business are strongly influenced by the availability of sufficient fodder in numbers and quality to support the growth and life sustainability of fish cultivation. Feed plays an important part for the growth of the fish (Wahyudi, 2010). The feed can increase the quality of fish weight with addition of a feed additive. One of the alternatives that can be take is by adding probiotic (Anggraeni, 2012) and herbal ingredients in feed (Ariyanto et al., 2013). Research results show that the addition of probiotics plus herbs affect the digestibility of protein retention and fat retention red tilapia. Based on the research that has been done, the addition of probiotics plus herbs with a dose of 2 ml / kg of feed can be used as artificial feed supplement and as an alternative to reduce the production cost of cultivation of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Evaluation Alpinia galanga Essential Oil for Anti Asthmatic Activity in Animal Models
Authors: Jyotsna Laksmhi Patil  , Suma US  , Mamatha MK  , Priya Shetti
Published: February 2019

The aim of the present study was to evaluate antiasthmatic activity of Alpinia galanga essential oil by using various animal models.Essential oil of Alpinia galanga was procured from GR herbals, Indore & Chemical analysis was carried out through GC-MS. In present study investigated the contraction inhibition activity on tracheal chain using histamine (10 μg/ml). For in vivo studies PCD time was observed in 0.1% histamine exposed guinea pigs. The present findings demonstrated significantly decrease the airway inflammation induced by ovalbumin. Hence the present study verified that A.galanga essential oil bearing antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory effect.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Cucurbita moschata and Moringa oleifera
Authors: Sandhya Suresh  , S S Sisodia
Published: February 2019

Presently research on herbal drug has attracted a lot of attention globally. The herbal drugs are consisting of phytoconstituents that offer therapeutic effects against various diseases. Till date researchers reported significant potential of herbal drugs employed in various traditional, complementary and alternative systems. The pharmacological activity and phytochemical of several medicinal plants has been scientifically documented. Cucurbita moschata and Moringa oleifera are the medicinal plant and used as nutraceuticals, food supplements, folk medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemical entities for synthetic drug. The present review is useful for up-to date investigations on the medicinal activity of Cucurbita moschata and Moringa oleifera.
PARA UMA DIDÁTICA DA IMPLICAÇÃO EM LEITURA DE TEXTOS LITERÁRIOS: A FUNÇÃO DAS MARCAS DA SUBJETIVIDADE DO LEITOR
Authors: Xypas Rosiane Maria Soares da Silva
Published: February 2019

Contrariamente ao ensino tradicional de literatura que consiste em apresentar a história da literatura e resumos de obras literárias, uma nova corrente de pesquisa trabalha sobre uma didática da implicação do sujeito leitor (ROUXEL e LANGLADE, 2004). Mas como identificar essa implicação? Para responder a essa questão, nós nos valemos da subjetividade do leitor, tal como definida por Langlade. Esse artigo apresenta uma experiência de ensino com estudantes do PROFLETRAS-UFPE que consiste em promover uma didática da implicação do sujeito leitor na atividade de releitura da obra Como um romance, de Daniel Pennac.
ANALFABETISMO E ESTIGMATIZAÇÃO
Authors: Roza Edleide Santos
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho versa sobre a persistência da estigmatização do analfabeto na sociedade letrada no século XXI. Objetiva analisar como são classificados, na hodierna sociedade, os indivíduos não alfabetizados, na tentativa de desmistificar a concepção do analfabeto como ser "incapaz" ou "inferior", por não ter domínio da tecnologia da escrita. O surgimento do conceito de letramento contribuiu para minimizar o impacto social da escrita diante dos estudos sobre analfabetismo, no entanto, o preconceito contra o analfabeto ainda persiste e, atualmente, encontra-se disseminado também nas redes sociais de forma ainda mais voraz.
LETRAMENTOS E ENSINO NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Brito Áustria Rodrigues , Lima Lindalva da Silva
Published: February 2019

O artigo discute sobre o ensino de Língua Portuguesa a partir da experiência de uma professora na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Prof. Lucíolo Oliveira Rabelo, localizada no interior do estado do Pará. Adotamos a perspectiva de Street (2014), a qual sugere a utilização do letramento ideológico na escola. Essa abordagem defende que se traga para sala de aula práticas da realidade do aluno aproximando o conhecimento formal institucionalizado ao conhecimento de mundo do aluno. Dialogamos ainda com Oliveira (2010), que destaca a pluralidade dos letramentos demonstrando que são dinâmicos e sofrem influências do contexto social em que se desenvolvem. Apoiados nesse pensamento, defendemos que, a partir do trabalho com gêneros textuais, o professor possa levar os alunos a apropriarem-se de diferentes letramentos. Esperamos que essa reflexão leve a um projeto que vislumbre resultados significativos dentro da perspectiva apontada por Street (2014).
ARTICULANDO LETRAMENTOS SOCIAIS E ESCOLARES NO ENSINO DE INGLÊS DA EJA
Authors: Landim Denise Silva Paes
Published: February 2019

Neste artigo, relatamos os resultados de pesquisa de Mestrado (XXXX, 2015) que investigou as relações entre letramentos sociais e escolares nas aulas de língua inglesa na modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) em duas comunidades escolares localizadas na cidade de São Paulo. Os dados foram gerados por meio da observação de aulas de Inglês de duas professoras, além de entrevistas formais e informais, bem como questionários. As análises se basearam nos estudos de letramentos (STREET, 2014), novos letramentos (LANKSHEAR; KNOBEL, 2006, 2011), multiletramentos (KALANTZIS; COPE, 2003, 2012), e letramento crítico (LUKE; FREEBODY, 1997; MONTE MÓR, 2013; MENEZES DE SOUZA, 2011) por considerarem os efeitos educacionais das mudanças sociais, culturais, econômicas e políticas advindas da globalização e das culturas midiática e digital. As análises apontaram para distanciamentos e aproximações entre ambos os tipos de letramento, evidenciando conflituosas relações entre as concepções e as práticas pedagógicas observadas.
COLONIZAÇÃO, CULTURA E LÍNGUA EM CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES
Authors: Ferro Neilda da Cunha Alves , Oliveira Thiago Soares de
Published: February 2019

A partir da discussão sobre a presença negra no processo de construção da identidade de Campos dos Goytacazes, enfatizando o rotacismo como herança fonético-fonológica africana presente no falar dos nativos de tal região, objetiva-se verificar a relação existente entre o rotacismo, elemento fonético-fonológico de origem africana, segundo Aragão (2010/2011), a colonização e a influência histórica dos negros escravizados nestas terras. Para tanto, este trabalho teórico ampara-se metodologicamente na pesquisa bibliográfica e justifica-se com base em disposições expressas nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e para o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana.
NARRATIVAS DE VIDA EM STOP MOTION: UMA ALTERNATIVA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MULTILETRAMENTOS
Authors: Azevedo Isabel Cristina Michelan de , Matos Fabiana Santos de Sousa
Published: February 2019

Este artigo investiga a produtividade de práticas escolares direcionadas ao ensino de narrativas de memórias/de vida voltadas ao resgate do patrimônio cultural de Salgado/SE, por uma turma de 8º ano do ensino fundamental. Com base no caráter dialógico da linguagem e na concepção da escrita como processo, em uma pesquisa-ação, foram desenvolvidas atividades direcionadas à produção de histórias que sustentaram a criação de animações em stop motion. Ao final das ações didático-pedagógicas, observamos ser possível desenvolver práticas cooperativas de linguagem com função sócio-histórica e cultural, aprimorar o uso de recursos linguístico na construção dos discursos e favorecer práticas de multiletramentos.
Proceeding of Chemistry Conferences vol.1(1) 2016: 10th Joint Conference on Chemistry
Authors: Rahmawati Fitria
Published: February 2019

10th Joint Conference on Chemistry

held by Chemistry Department, Sebelas Maret University (UNS) in collaboration with Chemistry Department of Diponegoro University (UNDIP), Jendral Soedirman University (UNSOED), and Semarang State University (UNNES)

Solo, September 8 - 9, 2015
Influencia de la presión de pares y Facebook en actitudes favorecedoras al consumo de drogas ilícitas en jóvenes universitarios mexicanos
Authors: Guzmán  facundo Francisco Rafael , Vargas Martínez José Ignacio , Candia Arredondo Josefina Saraí , Rodriguez Aguilar Lucio , Lopez Garcia Karla Selene
Published: February 2019

Los problemas de salud relacionados con el consumo de drogas constituyen un campo prioritario de acción para los profesionales de la salud, particularmente para los profesionales en atención comunitaria. El Objetivo fue analizar la influencia predictiva de la presión de pares y exposición de contenido de drogas ilícitas en Facebook sobre las actitudes y el consumo de drogas ilícitas. El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo correlacional, en una muestra de 375 estudiantes universitarios de Tamaulipas México. Los resultados mostraron que 31,2% (IC 95% [26, 35]) consumieron drogas alguna vez en la vida, la marihuana fue la droga más consumida. Se identificó influencia predictiva de la presión de pares (β=.315, p<.001) y la exposición de contenidos de consumo de drogas ilícitas en Facebook (β=.517, p=.010) sobre las actitudes. También se identificó influencia predictiva de las actitudes con el consumo de drogas ilícitas (β=,042 p<,001). Se concluye que a mayor presión de pares y mayor exposición de contenidos de drogas ilícitas en Facebook mayor son las actitudes que favorecen el consumo de drogas ilícitas. Asimismo a mayores actitudes favorables al consumo de drogas ilícitas mayor es la probabilidad del consumo de drogas ilícitas en jóvenes universitarios.Palabras claves: consumo de drogas, factores de riesgo, jóvenes universitarios, México
Consumo de alcohol, tabaco y conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal en personas con riesgo familiar
Authors: Pacheco-Pérez Luis Arturo , Ruiz Gonzalez Karla Judith , Guevara Valtier Milton Carlos , Navarro Oliva Edna Idalia Paulina , Rodriguez Puente Linda Azucena
Published: February 2019

Introducción. El consumo de alcohol y tabaco se asocian con el desarrollo de enfermedades como el cáncer, incluyendo el colorrectal. Objetivo. Determinar la asociación entre consumo de alcohol, tabaco y la conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal en personas con riesgo familiar. Metodología. Estudio transversal y correlacional en dos hospitales públicos de México; se utilizaron los cuestionarios AUDIT, test de Fagerström y CAM; se realizó un análisis de Coeficientes de Correlación de Spearman. Resultados. 146 participantes de 18 a 50 años (X =36.92) sexo femenino un 58.2%. El 52.9% de las mujeres dentro de consumo de riesgo de alcohol y 77%  de los hombres dentro de consumo perjudicial de alcohol. 100% de las mujeres refirió no fumar y 22.9% de los hombres con dependencia al tabaco. El sangrado en heces es el signo más conocido para cáncer colorrectal (62.3%); 28.7% de los participantes reconoce el consumo de alcohol como factor de riesgo y el 15.1% manifestó sentir confianza en conocer signos y síntomas del cáncer colorrectal; no se encontró una asociación significativa entre las variables. Conclusión. La mayoría de las personas consume cantidades elevadas de alcohol; poco se conoce sobre los factores de riesgo, signos, síntomas y detección oportuna del mismo.
Uso de redes sociales y mensajería instantánea en relaciones de pareja en la juventud: un estudio preliminar
Authors: Vázquez Salgado Natalia , Pastor Yolanda
Published: February 2019

El uso de las redes sociales y la mensajería instantánea es habitual entre los jóvenes, y se extiende a todo tipo de relaciones, incluyendo las relaciones de pareja. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido doble, por un lado, describir el uso y la percepción de estos medios en las relaciones de pareja en una muestra de 207 universitarios españoles entre 18 y 25 años (60% mujeres) a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario online, y por otro, analizar la relación entre la frecuencia de uso, el abuso emocional y la satisfacción en pareja. Se han utilizado estadísticos descriptivos y pruebas no paramétricas para el análisis de los datos. Nuestros resultados muestran que ambos medios son ampliamente utilizados en las relaciones de pareja, constituyendo en muchas ocasiones el origen de muchos conflictos y tensiones entre sus miembros. Asimismo se observó que el uso excesivo de la mensajería instantánea en la relación de pareja se relaciona positivamente con el abuso emocional, pero no fue significativa la relación entre el uso excesivo y la satisfacción en la relación de pareja. Estos resultados sugieren que el uso en exceso de la mensajería instantánea puede conducir a ejercer o sufrir abuso emocional.
Evaluación cualitativa de un programa psicosocial de gestión del tiempo libre en un grupo de pacientes con patología dual
Authors: Guerra Cristina , Calvo Fran , García-Ventura Simón , Carbonell Xavier
Published: February 2019

Introducción: El tratamiento psicosocial es una parte esencial del proceso terapéutico en patología dual. Uno de los elementos clave en este tipo de intervenciones es la reconstrucción del tiempo de ocio del paciente ya que, en personas consumidoras, se emplea frecuentemente en consumir substancias.Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar, en un grupo de pacientes con patología dual, dos aspectos de relevancia. Por un lado, la gestión del tiempo de ocio y los elementos que favorecen o dificultan dicha habilidad. Por otro, su visión del programa psicosocial al que acuden, así como propuestas de mejora.Desarrollo del tema: El análisis cualitativo indica que la existencia de una red de apoyo tanto formal como informal es el factor que más favorece una adecuada gestión del tiempo de ocio. La asistencia y participación en las actividades del servicio ambulatorio posibilita que los usuarios construyan una red social de apoyo informal. La falta de información y la incompatibilidad horaria dificultan dicha participación.Conclusiones: Los usuarios creyeron importante mejorar la comunicación y contar como más profesionales de atención directa. Se describen las implicaciones clínicas de los resultados del estudio.
Peach Pistil Growth Inhibition and Subsequent Bloom Delay by Midwinter Bud Whitewashing
Authors: Durner Edward F. , Gianfagna Thomas J.
Published: February 2019

Fall-applied ethephon (100 ppm) delayed bloom by 6 days the following spring in peach [Prunis persica (L.) Batsch]. Whitewashing entire trees in January added 1 to 2 additional days of bloom delay to that provided by ethephon. Whitewashing delayed pistil elongation in quiescent buds from control trees, but did not significantly delay pistil elongation in buds from trees treated with ethephon. Pistils from ethephon-treated trees were significantly smaller than those from control trees from just before bud swell through bloom. Flower bud survival after freezes during bloom was enhanced for whitewashed compared to control buds as measured by fruit set. Chemical name used: 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon).
In Vitro Propagation of Miscanthus sinensis
Authors: Gawel N.J. , Robacker C.D. , Corley W.L.
Published: February 2019

Immature inflorescences of Miscanthus sinensis Andress. `Gracillimus', `Variegatus', and `Zebrinus' were cultured on modified MS medium with 9.0 μm 2,4-D, 20 g sucrose/liter, 2.0 g Gelrite/liter, and 0.75 g MgCl2/liter. Organogenesis was observed 8 to 12 weeks after callus initiation. Shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium without growth regulators. After rooting, tillers were initiated. When transferred to soil, plants matured to flowering quickly and retained their variegation patterns. Propagation through in vitro tillering is suggested. Chemical name used: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).
Sensory Evaluation of Selected Walnut Cultivars
Authors: Ingels Chuck A. , McGranahan Gale H. , Noble Ann C.
Published: February 2019

To determine if flavor differences could be detected among several Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars, difference tests with eight cultivars were conducted using the duo-trio method. No differences were found when `Hartley' was compared to `Vina', `Scharsch Franquette', and `Mayette'. However, `Chandler', `Chico', `Howard', and `Sunland' were significantly different, and paired comparisons were then used to test these cultivars against `Hartley' in terms of several flavor characteristics. No differences in astringency and “walnut flavor” were detected; however, `Chandler' was judged to be sweeter than `Hartley', which was sweeter than `Howard'. `Chico' was found to be the firmest cultivar.
Sphagnum Peat in the Growing Medium and Nitrogen Application Influence Asparagus Growth
Authors: Waters Luther , Blanchette Bonnie L. , Burrows Rhoda L. , Bedford David
Published: February 2019

High levels of sphagnum peat in the growing medium promoted growth of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L. cv. Viking 2K) in a greenhouse study. Application of NH4NO3 > 1 g/pot (84 kg·ha-1 equivalent) was detrimental to root growth. High N rates and high organic matter levels decreased fibrous root development. Shoot dry weight was highly correlated with fleshy root number, root dry weight, and shoot vigor.
Tree and Fruit Growth of `Napoleon' Cherry in Response to Rootstock and Planting Method
Authors: Miller Anita N. , Lombard Porter B. , Westwood Melvin N. , Stebbins Robert L.
Published: February 2019

`Napoleon' grafted onto Colt, F/12-1, and MxM60 rootstock were planted into three types of tree holes: augered; backhoed, and backhoed plus fumigation. The auger treatment resulted in lower yields, smaller trunk cross-sectional area (TSCA), and smaller canopy volume when compared to backhoed holes. Fumigation had no significant effect. Trees on Colt rootstock were more precocious, had a smaller TCSA and canopy volume, greater cumulative yield efficiency, and, in 1987, the smallest fruit weight. The yield efficiency of Colt was the highest until 1988, when it was surpassed by MxM60, but was still similar to F/12-l. Yields were highest on trees of MxM60 in 1987 and 1988.
Temperature Requirements for Seed Germination of Three Penstemon Species'
Authors: Allen Phil S. , Meyer Susan E.
Published: February 2019

To determine optimum germination temperatures and effective dormancy-breaking procedures, field-grown (1983-85) seeds of `Bandera' Rocky Mountain penstemon (Penstemon strictus Benth), `Cedar' Palmer penstemon (Penstemon palmeri Gray), and firecracker penstemon (Penstemon eatonii Gray) were subjected to various cold stratification and incubation temperature treatments. Increased germination following an 8-week stratification occurred in seed lots containing dormant seeds, but a 2-week stratification generally failed to break dormancy. Older (1983) seeds of `Bandera' and `Cedar' penstemon germinated to full viability without stratification. All species showed a marked decrease in germination percentage above 20C; 15C consistently produced maximum germination after 4 weeks. At 15C, mean times to 90% of total germination were 11, 22, and 29 days for `Bandera', `Cedar', and firecracker penstemon, respectively. Transfer of seeds failing to germinate at warm temperatures (25 and 30C) to 15C and applying 720 μm gibberellic acid (GA3) solution was effective in breaking primary dormancy of firecracker penstemon and secondary dormancy of `Bandera' penstemon. Our findings suggest that incubation below 20C, combined with 8 weeks of stratification or the use of after-ripened seed, may improve seed propagation efforts for these species.
Postharvest Height Suppression of Potted Tulips with Paclobutrazol
Authors: McDaniel Gary L.
Published: February 2019

Suppression of scape elongation by paclobutrazol and ancymidol of potted `Paul Richter' tulips (Tulipa gesneriana, L.) under greenhouse and low light postharvest environments were compared. Soil” drench applications of paclobutrazol at 0.25 or 0.50 mg/15-cm pot were as effective as ancymidol at 0.50 or 0.75 mg/pot in limiting scape lengths at colored bud stage and at senescence. Paclobutrazol pre-plant bulb soaks at 2.5 or 5.0 mg·liter-1 prevented excessive scape elongation during low light exposure, whereas ancymidol bulb soaks were ineffective. Neither plant growth regulator reduced flower size or affected petal color. Paclobutrazol applied as a soil drench or as a bulb soak increased days required up colored bud stage up to 4 days, whereas neither chemical affected post-greenhouse, life of tulips. Chemical names used: (R*, R*)-(±)-β-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol) and α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol).
Damage to Cut Roses from Fluoride in Keeping Solutions Varies with Cultivar
Authors: Lohr Virginia I. , Pearson-Mires Caroline H.
Published: February 2019

Cut flowers of eight cultivars of Rosa hybrida L. were held in preservative solutions containing up to 4 mg F-/liter. Leaf diffusive resistance was increased by holding flowers in F-solutions. In most cultivars, fresh weight gain was decreased, the degree of flower opening was affected, and visual symptoms of injury were noted in the presence of. F- in the holding solution. Damage at 2 mg F-/liter was almost as severe as at 4 mg/liter. Number of days to petal abscission or bent-neck was shortened by F- for `Samantha' and `Bridal Pink'.
Improvement of Survival and Subsequent Growth of Tea Cuttings
Authors: Chen Jee-Song , Thseng Fang-Ming , Ko W.H.
Published: February 2019

Stock plants of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze cv. Chin-shin Oolong] were sprayed three times at weekly intervals with benomyl before taking cuttings. The survival rate of cuttings was increased from 3.3% in the nontreated controls to 76% in 1986 and from 6.4% to 83% in 1987. The treatment also greatly improved the subsequent growth of cuttings. Soaking cuttings in benomyl solution before sticking slightly improved survival and subsequent growth of cuttings. Chemical name used: methyl[1-[(butylamino)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate (benomyl).
Embryo Culture of Early Ripening Seeded Grape (Vitis vinifera) Genotypes
Authors: Ramming D.W. , Emershad R.L. , Spiegel-Roy P. , Sahar N. , Baron I.
Published: February 2019

Immature grape embryos from early ripening genotypes of Vitis vinifera were successfully cultured in vitro on Difco orchid agar or a modified White's agar medium. Germination was increased in vitro for five genotypes from 0%, 7%, 11%, 12%, and 16% in vivo to 15%, 24%, 23%, 34%, and 24%, respectively. Subculturing embryos onto liquid culture from seeds that failed to germinate on agar also was possible. Differences in germination rates, as affected by pollen, were significant. This method will allow accelerated development of early ripening cultivars by allowing breeders to use such genotypes as females, as well as males.
Genetic Resistance to Early Blight in Tomato Breeding Lines
Authors: Maiero Marisa , Ng Timothy J , Barksdale Thomas H.
Published: February 2019

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes evaluated for early blight [Alternaria solani (Ellis & Martin) Jones and Grout] resistance included five tolerant breeding lines, a susceptible cultivar, and seven hybrids among them. Three of the genotypes (`Castlejay', NC EBR-2, and 87B187) were crossed in a diallel mating design to estimate general combining ability and specific combining ability for the resistance trait. Parental, F1, F2, and backcross generations of the family Cl943 x `Castlejay' were evaluated for resistance and included in generation mean analysis. Hybrid means for area under the disease progress curve were not significantly different from respective midparent values, indicating additive genetic control. Diallel and generation mean analyses also detected significant additive genetic effects. Epistasis was present in the Cl943 × `Castlejay' family.
Observations on the Relationships among Seed Number, Fruit Calcium, and Senescent Breakdown in Apples
Authors: Bramlage W.J. , Weis S.A. , Greene D.W.
Published: February 2019

In a population of `Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) with varying seed number at harvest, fruit size and Ca concentration in fruit increased with seed number. Neither K nor Mg concentration in fruit was related to seed number. In another population of `McIntosh' apples from 50 commercial orchard blocks, the percentage of fruit that developed senescent breakdown, a Ca-deficiency disorder, decreased linearly as seed number per fruit increased. Low seed number is probably a factor contributing to Ca deficiency in apple fruit.
Rooting of Rhododendron `Anna Rose Whitney' Cuttings as Related to Stem Carbohydrate Concentration
Authors: French Christopher J.
Published: February 2019

Rooting of Rhododendron `Anna Rose Whitney' (R. griersonianum × `Countess of Derby') was delayed in cuttings from stock plants grown in full sun, compared to cuttings from plants grown in 80% shade. In the outer stem (extracambium tissues), concentrations of glucose, sucrose, soluble carbohydrate, and total nonstructural carbohydrates were higher in cuttings from shaded stock plants. In the inner stem (intracambium tissues), where rooting originates, fructose, starch, and nonstructural carbohydrates were lower in cuttings from the shaded stock plants. Rooting percentage was reduced by CO2 mist during propagation. At 7 days, during rooting with a CO2 enrichment to 1100 μl·liter-1, fructose in the inner stem was 3-fold higher than in cuttings rooted under atmospheric CO2 (340 μ1·liter-1). Under CO2 mist, total nonstructural carbohydrate concentration was higher in the inner stem throughout the rooting period. For both high stock plant irradiance and CO2 enrichment during propagation, there was an inverse relationship between fructose concentration in the inner stem and rooting. A possible mechanism for inhibition by fructose is proposed.
Bell Pepper Plant Development over Mulches of Diverse Colors
Authors: Decoteau Dennis R. , Kasperbauer Michael J. , Hunt Patrick G.
Published: February 2019

Mulch surface color affected the growth of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants, the amount and quality of upwardly reflected light, and the soil temperatures under the mulch. Of the surface colors evaluated (black, red, yellow, and white), plants grown over red mulch were the tallest. The darker (black and red) mulches reflected less total light and more far-red (FR) relative-to-red (R) light, and soil temperatures recorded in the afternoon and evening were warmer than under the yellow and white mulches. Plant growth responses to mulch surface color were also observed when soil temperature differences among the mulch color treatments were minimized by placing insulation boards between the mulch surface and the soil. Sensitivity of young pepper plants to a high or low FR: R light ratio was demonstrated by exposing plants to 15 minutes of FR or 15 minutes of R light at the end of the photosynthetic period each day for 14 consecutive days in a controlled environment. Plants that received the FR (high FR: R ratio) were 51% taller than plants exposed to R (low FR: R ratio) light treatments. The similar responses of pepper plants to differences in FR: R ratios associated with mulch color and end-of-day light treatments provide evidence that pepper plant growth is affected by relatively small changes in light environment induced by the surface color of the mulch.
Pollen Parent Effect on Outcrossing Rate, Yield, and Fruit Characteristics of `Fuerte' Avocado
Authors: Degani Chemda , Goldring Anat , Adato Itzhak , El-Batsri Ruth , Gazit Shmuel
Published: February 2019

The effects of various pollen parents on outcrossing rates, yield, and fruit and seed weights were studied in a `Fuerte' avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Isozyme analysis was used to identify the pollen parent of mature fruits. Cotyledons were assayed for five polymorphic enzyme systems: alcohol dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, and triosephosphate isomerase. When sampling of fruits was done to a height of 2 m, percent of hybrids produced by `Teague' and `Topa-Topa' pollenizers was in the range of 30% to 40%. With `Teague' as the pollenizer, `Fuerte' yield increased by 30% in trees adjacent to the pollenizer. With `Tops-Tops' as pollenizer, the yield was increased by 40% for trees adjacent to and at a distance from the pollenizer. `Ettinger' trees planted at a distance of 30 to 50 m from `Fuerte' were found to be the pollen parent of 2% to 14% of the progeny, thus supporting our previous conclusion regarding the high potency of `Ettinger' as a pollen parent. `Tops-Tops', `Teague', and `Ettinger' significantly increased fruit and seed weights of crossed compared with selfed `Fuerte' fruits.
Rooting and Survival Potential of Hardwood Cuttings of 406 Species, Cultivars, and Hybrids of Prunus
Authors: Reighard Gregory L. , Cain David W. , Newall William C.
Published: February 2019

More than 400 genotypes of Prunus were evaluated for “in field” rooting and survival from fall-planted hardwood cuttings treated with 2000 ppm IBA. Cultivars of European and Japanese plums originating from species and interspecific hybrids of the section (sect.) Prunus had the highest survival. Cuttings from cultivars of sand cherry (sect. Microcerasus) and peach (sect. Euamygdalus) averaged 28% to 54% lower survival than European and Japanese plums. Few cultivars of almonds (sect. Euamygdalus), apricots (sect. Armeniaca), and American plums (sect. Prunocerasus) rooted from hardwood cuttings. Chemical name used: 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
FRUIT ROT CONTROL IN SMALL FRUIT CROPS WITH A NATURALLY-PRODUCED CHEMICAL
Authors: Takeda Fumiomi , Janisiewicz Wojciech
Published: February 2019

Restrictions on pesticide usage and the occurrence of fungicide resistant strains of postharvest pathogens have necessitated research for alternative methods of disease control. Psuedomonas cepacia was tested for control of Botrytis fruit rot in strawberry. Results of field applications of P. cepacia were variable. A compound isolated from P. cepacia, identified as pyrrolnitrin, was as effective as Benlate/captan (2,000 ppm) sprays in field applications. Postharvest pyrrolnitrin (100 ppm) dip inhibited growth of pathogens for three days at room temperature. A pyrrolnitrin dip followed by storage at 1°C for five days extended the shelf-life for another five days. Preharvest pyrrolnitrin sprays to `Bristol' black raspberry delayed rot development by 4 to 5 days. Captan (2,000 ppm) treatment provided no protection. In vitro tests showed that B. cinerea isolated from the fruit had developed resistance to captan. These results suggest that the use of a naturally-produced compound might afford another opportunity to reduce postharvest rots without the use of synthetic fungicides.
SURVEY OF ALLIUM PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR ONION MAGGOT INJURY
Authors: McFerson J. R. , Eckenrode C. J. , Robbins P. S.
Published: February 2019

Onion maggot (Delia antiqua Meigen) is a major pest of common onion (Allium cepa L.) throughout production areas in the northern USA. Continued use of chemicals to control onion maggot (OM) is threatened by the increased resistance of OM to available pesticides and tighter restrictions on chemical use, making host plant resistance a desirable goal. Approximately 400 accessions of various Al1ium species were planted in a commercial onion field of muck soil near Geneva, NY. These plantings lacked treatment for protection from OM attack. The greatest damage in the planting occurred on A. cepa with an average of 79% stand loss for 144 accessions. Accessions of A. ampeloprasum L. (leek) averaged 36% stand loss in June with a 55% infestation level in October, while accessions of A. schoenoprasum L. (chives) averaged 36% stand loss in June with a 55% infestation level in October.
Tomato Leaf Development and Distribution as Influenced by Leaf Removal and Decapitation
Authors: Decoteau Dennis R.
Published: February 2019

The influence of leaf removal and decapitation (removal of apical bud and top two nodes) of determinate tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Mountain Pride) plants on canopy development was investigated. Leaf removal and decapitation influenced subsequent leaf development and distribution, and early fruiting of greenhouse-grown tomato plants. `Removal of young axillary leaves increased the size of main (true) leaves in the middle and upper nodes, increased the number of nodes, and increased the number of early fruit produced. Removal of main leaves reduced axillary leaf development at nodes 5 and 9. Decapitation increased axillary leaf development in the middle and upper nodes and delayed early fruit production. These results suggest that cultural practices of tomatoes that remove leaves or apical buds to influence fruiting also affect canopy leaf development and distribution.
Regeneration of Lachenalia Species from Leaf Explants
Authors: Niederwieser Josephina G. , Vcelar Bela M.
Published: February 2019

The physiological stage of donor plants determined to a great extent the morphogenic potential of Lachersalia (Jacq.) hybrid leaves, but the optimal stage for various cultivars was different. Contact of the bud-forming adaxial epidermal cells with the medium did not significantly stimulate in vitro bud formation on Lachenalia leaf explants, but resulted in the formation of callus from the buds of certain hybrids. Wounding on either the adaxial or the abaxial side of leaves had a stimulating effect on certain hybrids, but others did not respond significantly. A reduction in the length of explants from 10 to 3.3 mm resulted in an increase in the total number of buds formed by a specific amount of explant tissue (width of explant = 15 mm).
Annual and Biennial Pruning of Mature Lateral-bearing English Walnuts
Authors: Olson William H. , Ramos D.E. , Ryugo K. , Snyder R.G.
Published: February 2019

Annual pruning was compared with nonpruning for 8 years and to two biennial pruning treatments for 4 years in a mature full-canopied `Ashley' walnut (Juglans regia L.) orchard. Light penetration and nut distribution through the canopy was improved by pruning. Nut size and percent edible kernel was consistently lower in nonpruned trees than in trees pruned annually or biennially. Yield from annually pruned trees was not significantly different from that of the nonpruned trees because of the removal of fruitful spurs. Yield of biennially pruned trees was similar to annually pruned or nonpruned trees in the year following pruning, but yield was usually greater during years in which trees were not pruned.
Stability of IAA and IBA in Nutrient Medium to Several Tissue Culture Procedures
Authors: Nissen Scott J. , Sutter Ellen G.
Published: February 2019

The relative stabilities of IAA and IBA under various tissue culture procedures were determined. IBA was significantly more stable than IAA to autoclaving. IBA was also found to be more stable than IAA in liquid Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) under growth chamber conditions. The stabilities of IBA and IAA were similar in agar-solidified MS. Light provided by cool-white fluorescent bulbs promoted degradation of IAA and IBA in both liquid and agar media. Activated charcoal in concentrations as high as 5% was found to adsorb more than 97% of IAA and IBA in liquid MS. These results have important implications for the preparation, storage, and handling of IBA and IAA in plant tissue culture. Chemical names used: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
OBSERVATIONS OF INTERVEINAL CHLOROSIS ON MALUS SARGENTII
Authors: Starr T. Scott , Thompson L. F.
Published: February 2019

Interveinal chlorosis has been observed on the oldest leaves of several varieties of flowering crabapple (Malus sargentii Rehl). Our objective was to identify the cause of this disorder. Foliage and soil from 20 Sargent crabapple trees growing on 12 different sites were analyzed for possible nutrient deficiencies or excesses. Analyses showed N to be slightly low, Ca high, and Mg low in all leaf samples. Soil analysis showed Ca to be abnormally high at all sites. We concluded that the leaf discoloration was caused by a Mg deficiency due to Ca suppression of the Mg and that the low foliar N might be a contributing factor in the interveinal chlorosis.
EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCY ON PLANT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT LEVELS OF PINE BARK MEDIA
Authors: Bilderback T.E.
Published: February 2019

Ilex × `Nellie R. Stevens' holly, Rhododendron sp. `Hinodegeri' azalea and Pyracantha coccinea, scarlet firethorn rooted cuttings were potted in • 3.81 containers. Irrigation was applied by Dram rings daily, or every 2,4,or 6 days. Approximately 1000 ml of water were applied at each irrigation. Three container media, including pine bark, and pine bark amended with either Terra-Sorb AG synthetic moisture extender incorporated at 1.2 kg/m3 or Aqua-Gro G wetting agent incorporated at 0.9 kg/m3 plus monthly drenches of 700 ml of 2500 ppm Aqua-Gro L were compared for physical and chemical properties and plant growth responses. Decreasing irrigation decreased pH, increased nutrient leachate levels, and increased foliar tissue levels of N,P,K,Ca,and Fe in holly and azalea. Pyracantha top and root dry weight was reduced at 4 and 6 day irrigation intervals, holly top growth was reduced by 6 day and azalea had greatest shoot growth at 2 day irrigation and was reduced by other irrigation frequencies. Top growth of all 3 species and root growth of pyracantha was reduced in the pine bark treatment.
CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN CHINA: A MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A CHESTNUT INDUSTRY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S.
Authors: Norton J. D.
Published: February 2019

The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) has been cultivated in China for more than 1000 years. During this period, indigenous cultivars and traditional cultivation practices have been used. China is the leading producer of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) with 37% of the world' s production. In the last 4 years, improved cultivars and improved cultural practices have resulted in marked increases in production.

The leading provinces in Chestnut production are Hopei, Hubei, and Shandong. Severe injury, crop losses and tree mortality have resulted from the chestnut gall wasp in China Yields have increased greatly in Hubei province through cooperative breeding and developmental research between the Department of Horticulture Auburn University and the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Two resistant seedlings from Auburn University are being utilized to save the chestnut industry in China and possibly worldwide.
CULTIVAR RESPONSE OF OKRA TO CHILLING AND PACKAGING
Authors: Perkins-Veazie P. , Collins J. K.
Published: February 2019

Okra pods are highly perishable due to a high respiration rate and chilling sensitivity. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate okra cultivar response to package and storage temperature. Freshly harvested `Annie Oakley', `Blondy', `Burgundy', `Clemson Spineless' and `Emerald' okra pods were placed in plastic boxes and shrink-wrap bags. Pods were evaluated for weight loss, chilling injury and electrolyte leakage during 8 days of storage at 12.5 and 3°C. Weight loss was similar for all cultivars at both temperatures, but it was much less when pods were stored in bags compared to boxes. Percent electrolyte leakage was similar for all cultivars before storage. `Blondy' displayed the most severe chilling injury after 8 days of storage at 3C while `Emerald' had few symptoms of chilling injury. After 8 days of storage, all cultivars except `Emerald' had increased electrolyte leakage. These results indicate that okra pods have increased membrane permeability with chilling injury, and the degree of chilling injury may differ with cultivar.
CA STORAGE INHIBITS CHILL INJURY OF MUSCADINE GRAPE
Authors: Mercer M. Darlene , Smittle Doyle A.
Published: February 2019

`Fry' and `Granny Val' muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifilia) were stored at 1C for two, four, and six weeks in himidified flow-through atmospheres of air, 0% CO2 - 5% O2, 5% CO2 - 5% O2, 10% CO2 - 5% O2, and 15% CO2 - 5% O2. Weight loss, grade, pH, acidity, soluble solids, sugars and sensory evaluations were made upon removal from 1C storage. Chill injury ratings were made after 0, 24, and 48 hours at 27C. `Fry' muscadine grapes had a better storage life than did `Granny Val'. High CO2 atmospheres extended the storage life of both cultivars. Severe chill injury symptoms resulted after 4 or 6 weeks of 1C storage in air. High CO2 atmospheres inhibited chill injury of both `Fry' and `Granny Val' grapes. No chill injury to either cultivar occurred after six weeks of storage in the 15% CO2 - 5% O2 atmosphere.
BREEDING MELONS FOR DISEASE IN CHINA
Authors: Norton J. D.
Published: February 2019

The watermelon has been cultivated in China for more than 1000 years. During most of this period, indigenous cultivars and traditional cultivation practices were used. In the last decade, many improved cultivars have been developed and the use of plastic mulch and other improved cultural practices have been utilized. China has become the largest producer of watermelons with the production area increasing to 1 million hectares and 15 million tons in 1988.

Watermelons are grown in almost all production areas of China. The production areas are: the Northwest inland dry region, the North China plain region, and the Changjiang (Yantzi river) valley rainy region. Severe injury and crop losses occur from Fusarium wilt, (Fusarium oxysporium v. niveum) anthracnose (Colletotrichum laginarium), and gummy stem blight (Didymella bryonaea). Cooperative breeding and developmental work was initiated between the Dept. of Horticulture, Auburn University and the Hubei Academy of Aggricultural Science and the Hubei Agricultural College, Jing Zhou to evaluate cultivar and germplasm and to develop multiple disease resistant melons that produce high yields of excellent quality fruit.
ECONOMIC RETURNS ON NITROGEN FERTILIZATION EXPERIMENTS FOR PUMPKINS AT TUSKEGEE, ALABAMA
Authors: Baharanyi N. , Rhoden E. G. , Khan V.
Published: February 2019

This study examined the potential economic returns of using four different sources of nitrogen on `calabaza' pumpkins, a low moisture variety consumed as starch by many foreign nationals. Yields were 12.4, 12.6, 8.2 and 9.5 kg/plant for ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and urea, respectively. Assuming 1989 farm gate prices in Alabama and other appropriate cost for vaious inputs used, the estimated return at $0.30/lb of pumpkin was $10,003, $10,115, $6,105 and $7,371/acre for different sources of nitrogen, respectively. The relatively higher return from sodium nitrate use explains the use of this source of nitrogen on rented land. A sensitivity analysis of the enterprise budgets shows a breakeven price between $0.02 and $0.10/lb.
GENOTYPIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON CARBOHYDRATE DISTRIBUTION IN POTATO
Authors: Hwang Peng , Miller J. Creighton , Cobb B. Greg
Published: February 2019

Field studies were conducted at two Texas locations: Lubbock, near the major production area for Texas potatoes, and College Station which is hotter and more humid. Early and late plantings were established at each location to compare cool and hot growing conditions. Nine genetically diverse cultivars, including those previously reported to be heat resistant or susceptible, were used in this study. Results indicated that the distribution of soluble carbohydrate and starch differed significantly among plant parts. In leaves and stems, glucose and fructose were the major soluble carbohydrates, while sucrose was the major soluble carbohydrate in tubers. Total soluble carbohydrate and starch content in leaves, stems and roots from the early plantings were significantly higher than those from the late plantings. Inositol increased significantly in the College Station late stress environment.
AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF TWO YEARS OF ON-FARM PLASTIC MULCH EXPERIMENTS FOR SELECTED VEGETABLE CROPS IN BUTLER COUNTY, ALABAMA
Authors: Baharanyi N. , Stevens C. , Khan V. , Siaway A.
Published: February 2019

This study evaluated the potential economic returns of two years of on-farm plastic mulch experiments for `Market Topper' cabbage and `Vates' collard greens conducted on a field with serious weed and nematode problems in Butler County, Alabama. Assuming 1987 and 1988 wholesale prices for vegetable crops in Alabama and other appropriate prices for various inputs used, and after adjusting the cost of plastics in the enterprise budgets for having used the same in the two years, the estimated return for cabbage harvested from plastic mulch experiments was 5 times greater in 1987 ($2,776.83 and $551.02) and more than 10 times in 1988 ($2,775.00 and $49.40) than from non-covered field. The estimated return for collard greens from plastic mulch experiments was also 5 times greater in 19.87 ($1,416.70 and $287.96) and more than 10 times in 1988 ($339.50 and -$444.20) than from non-covered field. Questions remain as to the perceived economic benefits for other farmers and the non-biodegradable nature of the plastic used.
TAM VERACRUZ-A NEW MULTIPLE VIRUS RESISTANT HOT JALAPEÑO PEPPPER
Authors: Villalón Ben
Published: February 2019

TAM VERACRUZ is a multiple virus resistant (MVR), open pollinated pepper cultivar developed by Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at Weslaco. This pungent, cylindrical (fruit with blunt end and cuticular cracks) jalapeño variety possesses high levels of genetic resistance to several isolates of TEV (Texas, California and Culiacan isolates). It also carries resistance to local virulent isolates of PVY, PeMV, TRSV, CMV, and TMV. This genotype combines the desirable horticultural characteristics of commercial standards and MVR genes derived from PI 342947, PI 264281 AC 2207 and Avelar. Additionally, `TAM Veracruz' has the ability to set fruit at temperatures above 35C. It has a concentrated flower habit, sets fruits earlier and matures more uniformly than its progenitor `TAM Mild Jalapeño-1'. It is predominatly single stemmed and will support a good heavy set of large thick, fruit which can be mechanically harvested. It is well suited for fresh market consumption in salads, or as a processed product, pickled whole, sliced as “nacho” rings or diced for use in picante sauces. This pepper is as hot as Jalapeño M.