bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arap Dilinde Hurûfu’l-Me'âniler ve Çok Anlamlılığa Etkisi (Necm Suresi İlk Yirmi Üç Ayet Örneği)
Authors: DURSUN Hüseyin
Published: October 2021

Arapçada Hurûfu’l-me’ânîler çeşitli işlevlere sahip ve cümlenin anlamını belirleyen dilsel yapılardır. Bu yapılara fiillerle isimler ya da isimlerle isimler arasında bir anlam ilişkisi kurmaları nedeniyle Hurûfu’l-me’ânî (anlam harfleri) denir. Arapça sözdiziminde sıklıkla karşılaşılan bu yapıların kullanım özellikleri dikkate alınmadığı takdirde söz diziminin anlamında bir muğlaklık oluşabilir. Ayrıca bu harflerin farklı anlamları arasından bir anlamın seçimi cümlenin anlamını da etkilemektedir. Hurûfu’l-me’ânîler Arapça olan İslam dini metinlerinin açıklanması, yorumlanması ve o metinlerden hüküm çıkarılması hususunda kritik bir önemi haizdir. İslam düşüncesinde hurûfu’l-me’âni’ye duyulan ilgi oldukça erken dönemlerde ortaya çıkmıştır. Nahivciler, fıkıh usûlü, tefsir ve kelam âlimleri cümlenin anlamını belirleyen bu konuyu çeşitli boyutlarıyla ele almışlardır. Hicri 2. yüzyıldan itibaren bu alanda çok önemli eserler kaleme alınmıştır. Arap dilinde sayıları yüz elli civarında olan Hurûfu’l-me’ânîlerin cer, atıf, soru, nida, talep, emir, olumsuzluk, yasaklama, temenni, koşul, sınırlama gibi birçok çeşidi vardır. Hurûfu’l-me’ânîler içinde harfler, isimler ve çok az da olsa fiiller de yer almaktadır. Ancak bu yapılarda harflerin sayısı çok olduğu için bu yapılara Hurûfu’l-me’ânî adı verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Arap dilinde anlamı belirlemede kritik bir öneme sahip Hurûfu’l-me’ânîler Necm Suresi’nin ilk yirmi üç ayeti bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Her ne kadar bazı Hurûfu’l-me’ânîler lafzen aynı olsa da mana olarak birbirinden farklıdır. Örneğin vav harfi lafız olarak tek bir harf gibi görünse de surede atıf, yemin, hal vav’ı gibi farklı anlamlarda kullanılır. Surenin ilk yirmi üç ayetinde hurûfü’l-me’ânîlerden biri olan harfi cerlerin birbirinin yerine kullanıldığı görülür. Harfi cerlerin birbirinin yerine kullanılması klasik Arapça sözdiziminde özellikle Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de görülen bir dil olgusudur.
A-7 Understanding the terminology of mysticism in the light of Risala-tul-Qasheeria
Authors: Naqvi Syed Izfar Haider
Published: October 2021

All branches of knowledge, art and literature contain multiple distinctions in themselves which distinguish them from one another. The Sufi Literature too, has many such feathers in its cap which make bring prominence to it mong the rest. Isharaat e Sufia – the metaphors and symbols, are of pivotal significance in this context.  Imam Qusheri (D.465)  has used many Ishaaraat i.e. metaphors and symbols, in his “Risala Qusheria” and explained their meanings to in sufistic context to avoid misunderstanding and confusion in their meanings by the preceding scholars and Salikeens. The words like Time, Space, Metaphysics, Ecstasy, Haal, Alhaibat, Being, Self and Jama ul Jama have their specific meanings in typical Sufi context. This helps avoide distraction regarding false meanings and hence, explanation of Sufi terms. This also restricts the students and scholars of Sufism in drawing and there after relying the wrong interpretation of Ishaaraat. In this article, a conscious effort has been made to explore the symbols and metphors of Sufism (Ishaaraat e Taswuf) and their meanmgs used by Imam Qusheri
E-5 The Role of Women in Semitic Religion
Authors: Qureshi Hafiz Muhammad Faisal , Imran Muhammad , Khaliq Abdul
Published: October 2021

The Importance of women in all religions is conformed. But the historically women did not have rights in inheritance, vote, and equality. Now, women have their equal role like the two tires of the car. Women can play equal role in progress of the society. It is observed that women can do effectively the certain tasks if they are properly given a chance. No progress can be made without the help of women in the society. Women can teach and govern, women can make soft wares, and can cook and women can fly aero planes and can run firms. Women are always been an important pillar of the society since day first. Women are mothers and can nurture the children effectively. Women are wives and can make the men master or slave by their work and dedication. Women have been very critical at the time of peace as well as at the time of war. In wars women played very important role to help men artistically and made reasons for the triumphs. In all the religions women did not have basic rights before Islam. Some religions restrict women and their rights. Semitic religion gives right to women with in sphere. Women are degraded in this religion and the given rights are not sufficient. So called rights for the women are just to show off not foe the well fare of the women. In the light of Semitic religion, now, we discuss about different religions and what they have done for the rights of women. In these lines we are going to discuss the role of women in Semitic religions, so firstly: we will discuss the role of women in Judaism, secondly: in   Christianity and thirdly: in Islam.
E-9 A Study Review of Three Shariah Commands Proven from Hazrat Barirah's (R.A) Life
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Iftikhar , Ishaq Muhammad , Saifee Aziz-ur-Rehman
Published: October 2021

Hazart Barirah (RA) is one of the eminent women companions of the Holy Prophet (SAWW). She has a credit of bringing three important Islamic injunctions into the knowledge of Muslim Ummah through various events of her life. Allah Almighty blessed her with longevity. First injunction is related to the legacy of free slaves, Second injunction is related to the sovereignty of woman in marriage, the third injunction is related to the changing of injunctions when changed the ownership. He also narrated the many hadith. Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik, was also learn from her. Many of her sayings are famous. She died in the era of Umayyad. May Allah (SWT) grant her a place in Jannah. Hazart Barirah (RA) really loved the family of the Holy Prophet (SAWW). Patience, sympathy, selflessness, philanthropy, truthfulness and fear of Allah were the distinctive features of her personality and she remained miles away from lust for the worldly gains.
Evaluation of EOS Gene Expression and IL-6 Serum Levels in Iraqi Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Al-Naqqash Shawq , Mahdi Jawad Mohammed , Thamer Showait Al-Asady Zainab , Adnan Abdulrazaq Sarmed
Published: October 2021

Background: EOS (encoded by the IKZF4 gene) is a member of the zinc finger transcription factor IKaros family, and plays a critical role in Treg suppressor functions, and maintaining Treg stability. IL-6 is a soluble mediator with a pleiotropic effect on inflammation, immune response, and hematopoiesis. Aim: To estimate serum IL-6 level and EOS gene expression in Iraqi patients with psoriasis. Method: Twenty-two patients with psoriasis (8 females, 14 males) with age ranged 18-72 years, were recruited from Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Baghdad, and 24 healthy donors. The serum levels of IL-6 by ELISA and the gene expression of IKZF4 (EOS gene) by RT-qPCR technique. Results: The results showed a non-significant difference in the level of IL-6 in those treated with topical therapy and others treated with Etanercept compared to control. A non-significant increase in patients treated with topical therapy was reported compared to patients treated with Etanercept. There was a higher significant percentage of IKZF4 gene expression folding in psoriasis patients treated with Etanercept compared to control group, while no significant differences reported between patients treated with topical therapy, Etanercept, and the control group. Conclusion: Activation of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) with Etanercept enhances EOS expression and decreases IL-6 production more than topical treatment in patients with psoriasis.
Models of Extended Electron with a Point Charge
Authors:   Post Graduate Department of Physics, Vijaya College, Bangalore – 560004, Karnataka, India, Ghosh Sovan
Published: October 2021

The discovery of the electron insisted and inspired a number of theoretical predictions which are formulated in terms of models. A lot of models in wide variety were proposed for more than a century time. An attempt of a mini-review of them is taken here. But as a shorter version here only extended models with point charge are discussed instead of all.
Veronica ciliata subsp. cephaloides : a new record for the flora of Himachal Pradesh (India) with an updated checklist of the genus Veronica in India
Authors: Kumar Puneet , Deroliya Purushottam , Singh Sushil
Published: October 2021

Veronica ciliata subsp. cephaloides (Pennell) D.Y. Hong is reported here as a new record to the flora of Himachal Pradesh from Sechu Tuan Nalla Wildlife Sanctuary, Pangi, district Chamba. The species was previously reported from Sikkim and Uttarakhand. A brief description of the taxon, key to closely allied taxa and photographs of habitat and plant are provided to facilitate easy identification.
Pteridophytes of Turkey - A Revised Check-List and their Relationships to Europe and the West Himalaya
Authors:   Rua de São Mateus 485 S/C Dt., Fontainhas, Cascais, Portugal, PIN : 2750-141, Jenkins Christopher Roy Fraser , Parris Barbara Sydney ,   Fern Research Foundation, 21, James Kemp Place, Kerikeri, Bay of Islands, New Zealand, PIN : 2750-141
Published: October 2021

We outline the phytogeographical relations of Turkish pteridophytes following revision of our previous check-list. Although mainly European, the Turkish fern-flora has c. 40% of its species and subspecies in common with or related to the West Himalayan European phytogeographical element. In the pteridophyte accounts of the recent Illustrated Flora of Turkey, it is clear that many specimens have been misidentified and various species incorrectly illustrated. In addition the extensive Turkish pteridophyte collections in international herbaria made by non-Turkish collectors, including those of the present first author, were not drawn upon and international consultation was intentionally not entered into. Although it is unfortunately not possible in the present circumstances to study and re-identify the great bulk of authentic specimens in Turkish herbaria cited in the Flora, we have reassessed some important records and corrected the many obvious anomalies in the Flora and we have added to the distributional data from our own critically studied collections. We therefore present an updated and taxonomically revised checklist with notes and additional distributions, including a few taxa overlooked in the Flora. We also treat the important subspecies which were omitted there. A new hybrid Asplenium and another of Cystopteris are described and a few necessary new combinations are made.
Argemone subfusiformis (Papaveraceae) - A New Distributional Record for Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors:   Forest Survey of India, Central Zone, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, PIN : 440006, Chandramohan Kolagani , Mahesh Yalatoor ,   Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Regional Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, PIN : 500095, Thakre Madhuri T ,   Dept. of Botany, Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, PIN : 440001
Published: October 2021

Argemone subfusiformis Ownbey (Papaveraceae), a less known invasive species, hitherto recorded only from Udaipur, Rajasthan state, is reported here for the first time from Madhya Pradesh with detailed description, color photographs and relevant notes.
A note on systematic position of Indian species of Cyathocline (Compositae)
Authors: Chandramohan Kolagani , Mahesh Yalatoor , Gangurde Ajay
Published: October 2021

The Genus Cyathocline has been merged with Blumea following molecular phylogenetic evidence (Plastid trnL-F and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences data). While the type species, C. purpurea has been transferred to Blumea, other species have not been transferred. In light of this, new combinations are made here for C. lutea & C. manilaliana. C. purpurea var. alba and C. purpurea var. bicolor are synonymized under Blumea purpurea. B. manilaliana is reported here the first time from Maharashtra state.
Diversity of Angiosperms in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Khare Alok , Verma Ashutosh , Bharati Kumar
Published: October 2021

The current communication provides up-to-date information on the diversity of angiosperm plants in Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh. A total of 369 species and 2 varieties recorded as wild or naturalized in the study area have been enumerated following APG IV system. These species are distributed in 265 genera and 82 families. Of total, 69 families, 208 genera and 288 species belong to dicotyledons and 13 families, 57 genera and 83 species belong to monocotyledons. Information on family, habit, collection number and IUCN status has been provided herewith.
Information Security Assessment in Big Data Environment using Fuzzy Logic
Authors:   Department of IT, IMS Noida, India, Sharma Kanika ,   Department of Computer Science; Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India,   Department of Computer Science; Engineering,  Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India, Shankar Achyut , Singh Prabhishek
Published: October 2021

In recent years, it has been observed that disclosure of information leads to the risk. Without restrict the accessibility of information providing security is difficult. So, there is a demand of time to fill the gap between security and accessibility of information. In fact, security tools should be usable for improving the security as well as the accessibility of information. Though security and accessibility are not related directly, but some of their factors indirectly affect each other. Attributes play an important role in connecting the gap among security and accessibility. In this paper, finds the main attributes of security and accessibility that impact directly and indirectly each other such as confidentiality, integrity and availability and severity. The significance of every attribute in terms of their weight is important for their effect on the overall security during the big data security life cycle process. To calculate proposed work, researchers used the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP).
Explaining feature detection Mechanisms: A Survey
Authors:   Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, 62511, Egypt, Elngar Ahmed A. ,   Teaching assistant, Department of Computer Science, Scientific Innovation Research Group (SIRG) member, Beni-Suef University of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Egypt,   Under Graduated Student, Department of Computer Science, Scientific Innovation Research Group (SIRG) member, Beni-Suef University of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Egypt,   Under Graduated Student, Department of Computer Science, Scientific Innovation Research Group (SIRG) member, Beni-Suef University of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Egypt,   Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt,, Arafa Mohamed , Marouf Mustafa , Ahmed Mahmoud , Fawzy Nehal
Published: October 2021

Feature detection, description and matching are essential components of various computer vision applications; thus, they have received a considerable attention in the last decades. Several feature detectors and descriptors have been proposed in the literature with a variety of deﬁnitions for what kind of points in an image is potentially interesting (i.e., a distinctive attribute). This chapter introduces basic notation and mathematical concepts for detecting and describing image features. Then, it discusses properties of perfect features and gives an overview of various existing detection and description methods. Furthermore, it explains some approaches to feature matching. Finally, the chapter discusses the most used techniques for performance evaluation of detection algorithms.
An Optimal Teaching and Learning based Optimization with Multi-Key Homomorphic Encryption for Image Security
Authors:   Computer Science Department, Faculty of Education Pure Science, Basra University, Iraq, Khalifa Mustafa s ,   American University in the Emirates, Dubai, UAE, Al-Masri Ahmed N. Al
Published: October 2021

Due to the drastic rise in multimedia content, digital images have become a major carrier of data. Generally, images are communicated or archived via wireless communication changes, and the significance of data security gets increased. In order to accomplish security, encryption is an effective technique which is used to encrypt the images using secret keys in such a way that it is not readable by the hacker. In this view, this study focuses on the design of Teaching and Learning based Optimization (TLBO) with Multi-Key Homomorphic Encryption (MHE) technique, called MHE-TLBO algorithm. The goal of the MHE-TLBO algorithm is to optimally select multiple keys using TLBO algorithm for encryption and decryption processes. In addition, the MHE-TLBO algorithm has derived a fitness function involving peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and thereby ensures the superior quality of the reconstructed image. For validating the security performance of the MHE-TLBO algorithm, a comprehensive result analysis is made and the simulation results ensured the betterment of the MHE-TLBO algorithm interms of different aspects.
Intelligent Feature Subset Selection with Machine Learning based Risk Management for DAS Prediction
Authors:   Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharqiyah, 44519, Egypt, Abdel-Basset Mohamed Abdel ,   Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt, Elhoseny Mohamed
Published: October 2021

In the current epidemic situations, people are facing several mental disorders related to Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS). Numerous scales are developed for computing the levels for DAS, and DAS-21 is one among them. At the same time, machine learning (ML) models are applied widely to resolve the classification problem efficiently, and feature selection (FS) approaches can be designed to improve the classifier results. In this aspect, this paper develops an intelligent feature selection with ML-based risk management (IFSML-RM) for DAS prediction. The IFSML-RM technique follows a two-stage process: quantum elephant herd optimization-based FS (QEHO-FS) and decision tree (DT) based classification. The QEHO algorithm utilizes the input data to select a valuable subset of features at the primary level. Then, the chosen features are fed into the DT classifier to determine the existence or non-existence of DAS. A detailed experimentation process is carried out on the benchmark dataset, and the experimental results showcased the betterment of the IFSML-RM technique in terms of different performance measures.
THE INFLUENCE OF OSTEOPATHIC CORRECTION OF PELVIS DYSFUNCTIONS IN WOMEN IN LABOR WITH PRETERM AMNIORRHEA IN CASE OF FULL-TERM PREGNANCYON THE LABOR COURSE AND RESULT
Authors: Noritsyna Natalia , Novoseltsev Svyatoslav
Published: October 2021

The eff ectiveness of applying osteopathic methods to patients with amniorrhea in case of full-term pregnancy was evaluated. 40 pregnant women with singleton full-term pregnancy without severe somatic and obstetric pathologies, with preterm amniorrheaunder the absence of regular labor activity were included into the study. The main group (n = 20) included women who underwent treatmentwith osteopathic methods.

In the control group (n = 20) the labor was managed in accordance with the labor management protocol in case of amniorrhea.

The osteopathic examination, which was performed in the course of the study, showed that all patients had biomechanical disorders at the pelvis level. The women in labor, who underwent osteopathic correction, started to deliver on their own in a greater percentage of cases as compared with the control group; there was a signifi cant decrease of frequency of labor anomalies and the total number of complications in labor and, as a consequence, a signifi cant decrease of obstetric aids and frequency of the emergency deliveryby cesarian section. A decrease in the frequency of episiotomy was noted. A decrease in the duration of the rupture-to-delivery interval was also noted.
THE INFLUENCE OF PAIN DYSFUNCTION OF THE SACROILIAC JOINT ON PAIN SEVERITY IN THE LOW BACK
Authors: Novoseltsev Svyatoslav , Nasarov Vyacheslav
Published: October 2021

The article describes techniques for diagnosing pain syndromes in the lumber spine caused by dysfunctions of the sacroiliac joints. Diagnostics and diff erential diagnostics were carried out by osteopathy tests.
Factors Affecting Weight Gain in Nelore Calves from Birth to Weaning in the Bolivian Tropic
Authors: Atsuko Ikeda , Arturo Montellano-Paco , Ivana Barbona , Pablo Marini Roberto
Published: October 2021

Retrospective data corresponding to the period between 2002 and 2018 were used, belonging to the Cooperativa Agropecuaria Integral San Juan de Yapacaní, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Data corresponding to 663 male and female calves born to primiparous and multiparous cows were used. The calves had 13 individual weight controls. The calves had 13 individual weight controls. Variables used: Date of birth, Calf live weight at birth in kg, Calf live weight at weaning in kg, Average daily gain in kg, Live weight of cow in kg, Number of calving of cows.

The mean values and standard deviations of the weights at birth were 35.1 ± 4.6 kg for males and 32.3 ± 4.7 kg for females, at 240 days (weaning) the weight of the males was 229 ± 35.8 kg and for females 206 ± 31.5 kg. The mean values and standard deviations of the weight increases were 0.807 ± 0.14 kg for males and 1.0 ± 0.13 kg for females. The selected model with the regressor variables: Year, Sex of the calf, Number of calving and Live Weight at Birth, all significant (p ≤0.001). No interaction was significant to be considered in the model (p≥0.05). The live weight at birth, the sex, the years and the number of deliveries of the mothers showed in this work and for the animals analyzed to be the factors affecting the increase in live weight in the rearing stage (from birth to weaning) in Nelore calves in the Bolivian tropics.
Comparison of Bioimpedance Versus Pulse Contour Analysis for Intraoperative Cardiac Index Monitoring in Patients Undergoing Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Aditianingsih Dita , Hidayat Jefferson , Ginting Vivi Medina
Published: October 2021

Background: Cardiac index (CI; cardiac output indexed to body surface area) is routinely measured during kidney transplant surgery. Bioimpedance cardiometry is a transthoracic impedance as the non-invasive alternative for hemodynamic monitoring, using semi-invasive uncalibrated pulse wave or contour (UPC) analysis. Objectives: We performed a cross-sectional observational study on 50 kidney transplant patients to compare the CI measurement agreement, concordance rate, and trending ability between bioimpedance and UPC analysis. Methods: For each patient, CI was measured by bioimpedance analysis (ICONTM) and UPC analysis (EV1000TM) devices at three time points: after induction, during incision, and at reperfusion. The device measurement accuracy was assessed by the bias value, limit of agreement (LoA), and percentage error (PE) using Bland-Altman analyses. Trending ability was assessed by angular bias and polar concordance through four-quadrant and polar plot analyses. Results: From each time point and pooled measurement, the correlation coefficients were 0.267, 0.327, 0.321, and 0.348. Bland-Altman analyses showed mean bias values of 1.18, 1.06, 1.48, and 1.30, LoA of -1.35 to 3.72, -1.39 to 3.51, -1.07 to 4.04, and -1.17 to 3.78, and PE of 82.21, 78.50, 68.74, and 74.58%, respectively. Polar plot analyses revealed angular bias values of -10.37º, -15.01º, -18.68º, and -12.62º, with radial LoA of 89.79º, 85.86º, 83.38º, and 87.82º, respectively. The four-quadrant plot concordance rates were 70.77, 67.35, 65.90, and 69.79%. These analyses showed poor agreement, weak concordance, and low trending ability of bioimpedance cardiometry to UPC analysis. Conclusions: Bioimpedance and UPC analysis for CI measurements were not interchangeable in patients undergoing kidney transplant surgery. Cardiac index monitoring using bioimpedance cardiometry during kidney transplantation should be interpreted cautiously because it showed poor reliability due to low accuracy, precision, and trending ability for CI measurement.
Comparison of the Effect of Two Different Doses of Labetalol to Induce Controlled Hypotension on Hemodynamic Changes During Spinal Fusion Surgery
Authors: Rahimi Zahra , Masoudifar Mehrdad , Nazemroaya Behzad , Almadi Haidar
Published: October 2021

Background: Spinal fusion surgery is often associated with heavy bleeding. Labetalol is one of the most effective drugs used to control bleeding in surgery. Objectives: Here, we measured the effect of two therapeutic doses of labetalol on the amount of bleeding. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial that was performed in 2020-2021 in Al-Zahra hospital in Isfahan, Iran, on patients that were candidates for posterior spinal fusion surgery under general anesthesia. A total number of 64 patients were entered and randomized into two groups, one receiving labetalol at the dose of 2 mg/min and another group at 4 mg/min during surgery. The amount of bleeding in patients, heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, hypotension or bradycardia, and the mean length of stay in the recovery room were measured and compared between the groups. Results: Extubation time (14 ± 4) and recovery time (76 ± 17) were significantly lower in patients that received labetalol (2 mg/min) compared to another group (21 ± 7 for intubation time and 116 ± 32 for recovery time (P < 0.001 for both items). Patients that received labetalol (4 mg/min) had significantly lower amounts of hemorrhage compared to other group (P = 0.001), and the surgeon's satisfaction was significantly higher in the second group (P = 0.001). The frequency of hypotension and bradycardia during the surgery were significantly higher among patients that received labetalol at the dose of 4 mg/min (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively). The patients in the group labetalol at 4 mg/min had also significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared to the other group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Administration of labetalol at the dose of 4 mg/min had significantly desirable effects on hemodynamics that resulted in reduced bleeding volume and blood pressures compared to labetalol at the dose of 2 mg/min.
Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy Combined with Therapeutic Ultrasound on Hand Pain and Function Following Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Asadi Mohammad Reza , Saremi Hossein , Radinmehr Hojat , Rahbar Solmaz , Talimkhani Ailin , Hajvalie Gholamreza , Majidi Lobat
Published: October 2021

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most prevalent compression neuropathy in the upper extremity. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare ultrasound and laser therapies separately and together in relieving hand pain and improving performance in mild and moderate CTS patients. Methods: In this single-blind trial, 45 patients (84 wrists) suffering from CTS were randomly divided into three treatment groups: the ultrasound and laser combination group (15 patients), the ultrasound therapy group (15 patients), and the laser therapy group (15 patients). Low-level laser therapy (total intensity of 9 J on 5 points) and ultrasound therapy (intensity of 1.25 W/cm and duty cycle of 20% for 5 minutes per session) were applied on the carpal tunnel for 10 sessions. For the ultrasound and laser combination group, the laser was first conducted in the same way for the laser therapy group, and ultrasound was performed immediately after, with the same parameters as those of the ultrasound therapy group. A visual analog scale (VAS), grip strength, pinch strength, and the Boston Questionnaire results were evaluated before and after the treatment. Results: All three treatment groups (the ultrasound and laser combination group, the ultrasound therapy group, and the laser therapy group) demonstrated significantly improved VAS (P=0.000, P = 0.000, and P = 0.000, respectively), grip strength (P = 0.003, P = 0.001, and P = 0.01, respectively), pinch strength (P = 0.000, P = 0.004, and P = 0.002, respectively), and Boston questionnaire results (P = 0.000, P = 0.000, and P = 0.000, respectively). However, a comparison of treatment groups' mean changes indicated no significant difference among them (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Both ultrasound and laser modalities effectively relieve pain and improve functional hand performance in patients with mild and moderate CTS in the short term. The compound use of these two modalities may have a greater impact in treating these patients.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor HNF1A is a potential regulator in shaping the super‐enhancer landscape in colorectal cancer liver metastasis
Authors: Cai Chunmiao , Bi Dexi , Bick Gregory , Wei Qing , Liu Hu , Lu Ling , Zhang Xiaoting , Qin Huanlong
Published: October 2021

Super‐enhancers (SEs) play essential roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, how the SE landscape is orchestrated by transcriptional regulators and evolves is not clear. Using de novo motif analysis, we show that the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1)‐binding motif is enriched in SEs in cell lines derived from liver metastases, but not in those from primary tumors. This finding was further validated by extending the method to pancreatic cancer and a pair of isogenic CRC lines. Next, we revealed HNF1‐alpha (HNF1A) was majorly expressed and upregulated in CRC liver metastatic cell lines. Clinically, HNF1A was remarkably upregulated in synchronous liver metastases as compared to localized tumors. Collectively, our study implicates HNF1A as a key regulator in shaping the SE landscape in CRC liver metastasis.
Conditional ERK3 overexpression cooperates with PTEN deletion to promote lung adenocarcinoma formation in mice
Authors: Vallabhaneni Sreeram , Liu Jian , Morel Marion , Wang Jixin , DeMayo Francesco J. , Long Weiwen
Published: October 2021

ERK3, officially known as mitogen‐activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6), is a poorly studied mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). Recent studies have revealed the upregulation of ERK3 expression in cancer and suggest an important role for ERK3 in promoting cancer cell growth and invasion in some cancers, in particular lung cancer. However, it is unknown whether ERK3 plays a role in spontaneous tumorigenesis in vivo. To determine the role of ERK3 in lung tumorigenesis, we created a conditional ERK3 transgenic mouse line in which ERK3 transgene expression is controlled by Cre recombinase. By crossing these transgenic mice with a mouse line harboring a lung tissue–specific Cre recombinase transgene driven by a club cell secretory protein gene promoter (CCSP‐iCre), we have found that conditional ERK3 overexpression cooperates with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion to induce the formation of lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs). Mechanistically, ERK3 overexpression stimulates activating phosphorylations of erb‐b2 receptor tyrosine kinases 2 and 3 (ERBB2 and ERBB3) by upregulating Sp1 transcription factor (SP1)–mediated gene transcription of neuregulin 1 (NRG1), a potent ligand for ERBB2/ERBB3. Our study has revealed a bona fide tumor‐promoting role for ERK3 using genetically engineered mouse models. Together with previous findings showing the roles of ERK3 in cultured cells and in a xenograft lung tumor model, our findings corroborate that ERK3 acts as an oncoprotein in promoting LUAD development and progression.
Evolution of clinical event debriefs in a quaternary pediatric emergency department after implementation of a debriefing tool
Authors: Chu Jamie , Alawa Nawara , Sampayo Esther M. , Doughty Cara , Camp Elizabeth , Welch‐Horan T. Bram
Published: October 2021

Background

Debriefing clinical events in the emergency department (ED) can enhance team performance and provide mutual support. However, ED debriefing remains infrequent and nonstandardized. A clinical tool (DISCERN—Debriefing In Situ Conversation after Emergent Resuscitation Now) was developed to facilitate ED debriefing. To date, there are no studies providing qualitative analysis of clinical event debriefs done using such a tool. Our goal was to explore common themes elicited by debriefing following implementation of DISCERN.

Methods

This was a retrospective mixed‐methods study analyzing DISCERN data from 2012 through 2017 in a pediatric ED. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. With constant comparison analysis, themes were categorized when applicable within the context of crisis resource management (CRM) principles, previously used as a framework for description of nontechnical skills. Member checking was performed to ensure trustworthiness.

Results

We reviewed 400 DISCERN forms. Overall, 170 (41.6%) of target clinical events were debriefed during the study period. The number of clinical events debriefed per year decreased significantly over the study period, from 118 debriefed events in 2013 to 20 debriefed events in 2017 (p < 0.001). Events were more likely to be debriefed if cardiopulmonary resuscitation was needed (odds ratio [OR] = 11.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.1–33.8]) or if the patient expired (OR = 8.9, 95% CI = 2.7–29.1]). CRM principles accounted for 81% of debriefing statements, focusing on teamwork, communication, and preparation, and these themes remained consistent throughout the study period.

Conclusions

Use of the DISCERN tool declined over the study period. The DISCERN tool was utilized more commonly after the highest‐acuity events. Clinical event debriefs aligned with CRM principles, with medical knowledge discussed less frequently, and the content of debriefs remained stable over time.
A BioBricks toolbox for metabolic engineering of the tetracenomycin pathway
Authors: Nguyen Jennifer T. , Riebschleger Kennedy K. , Brown Katelyn V. , Gorgijevska Nina M. , Nybo S. Eric
Published: October 2021

Background/Goal/Aim

The tetracenomycins are aromatic anticancer polyketides that inhibit peptide translation via binding to the large ribosomal subunit. Here, we expressed the elloramycin biosynthetic gene cluster in the heterologous host Streptomyces coelicolor M1146 to facilitate the downstream production of tetracenomycin analogs.

Main Methods and Major Results

We developed a BioBricks genetic toolbox of genetic parts for substrate precursor engineering in S. coelicolor M1146::cos16F4iE. We cloned a series of integrating vectors based on the VWB, TG1, and SV1 integrase systems to interrogate gene expression in the chromosome. We genetically engineered three separate genetic constructs to modulate tetracenomycin biosynthesis: (1) the vhb hemoglobin from obligate aerobe Vitreoscilla stercoraria to improve oxygen utilization; (2) the accA2BE acetyl‐CoA carboxylase to enhance condensation of malonyl‐CoA; (3) lastly, the sco6196 acyltransferase, which is a “metabolic regulatory switch” responsible for mobilizing triacylglycerols to β‐oxidation machinery for acetyl‐CoA. In addition, we engineered the tcmO 8‐O‐methyltransferase and newly identified tcmD 12‐O‐methyltransferase from Amycolatopsis sp. A23 to generate tetracenomycins C and X. We also co‐expressed the tcmO methyltransferase with oxygenase urdE to generate the analog 6‐hydroxy‐tetracenomycin C.

Conclusions and Implications

Altogether, this system is compatible with the BioBricks [RFC 10] cloning standard for the co‐expression of multiple gene sets for metabolic engineering of Streptomyces coelicolor M1146::cos16F4iE. This production platform improves access to potent analogs, such as tetracenomycin X, and sets the stage for the production of new tetracenomycins via combinatorial biosynthesis.
Experimental and numerical determination of the screw deformation in laminated beech veneer lumber as a result of moisture‐induced swelling
Authors: Gerstorfer Daniela , Forte Thomas , Füssl Josef
Published: October 2021

The strong hygroscopic behavior of wood can lead to severe moisture‐induced swelling deformations, especially perpendicular to the grain direction. Fully threaded screws arranged in this direction can be used as reinforcement and to constrain those deformations. Depending on the wood moisture content increase, tensile stresses in the screws and compression stresses in the surrounding solid wood evolve. A sufficiently accurate prediction of the maximum stresses occurring is important for reliable structural designs. For this reason, moisture‐induced swelling experiments for two different configurations of screw diameter and specimen dimensions were performed within this work. Due to its homogeneity and its high swelling rate perpendicular to the grain, beech laminated veneer lumber (LVL) was used. A moisture content increase from oven‐dry to about 7% led to screw tensile stresses in the magnitude of the yield strength and to highly nonlinear effects in the surrounding wood material. By means of a two‐dimensional finite‐element‐based numerical simulation model, taking into account orthotropic plasticity and moisture‐dependent material properties, the experiments could be simulated with high accuracy. The numerical results agree well with experimental observations. Based on a small parameter study, new insights into the complex interaction behavior between beech LVL and fully threaded screws could be gained.
Do crocodiles have a zona incerta?
Authors: Pritz Michael B.
Published: October 2021

In mammals, the zona incerta is thought to be involved in a number of behaviors: visceral activity, arousal, attention, and posture and locomotion. These diverse and complex features suggested that the zona incerta functions as a global or integrative node. Nevertheless, despite multiple investigations into its anatomy, physiology, and behavior in a variety of mammals, no specific character identifies the zona incerta besides its appearance in fiber‐stained material and its relationship to surrounding structures. One such structure is the thalamic reticular nucleus whose caudal pole often contains some intermingled cells of the zona incerta. In crocodilians, the entopeduncular nucleus (ep) abuts the caudal pole of the thalamic reticular nucleus and displays different immunohistochemical properties and soma size when compared with neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus itself. To determine if neurons in the ep differed from those in the thalamic reticular nucleus in Alligator mississippiensis, the ep was investigated using Golgi methodology. The morphology and soma size of neurons in the ep differed from those in the thalamic reticular nucleus and indicated that these two areas are indeed separate neuronal aggregates. Based on these data and the known relationships of the zona incerta to surrounding structures in mammals, the ep of crocodilians is suggested to be the counterpart of the zona incerta of mammals.
Modeling and simulation of cell migration on the basis of force equilibrium
Authors: Chang Chia‐Yu , Dai Zhi‐Xuan , Shih Po‐Jen
Published: October 2021

To study cell behavior, we developed a cell model to simulate cell movements and the interacting forces among cells and between cells and obstacles. The developed model simulates several cells simultaneously and examines correlations among characteristic parameters between cells and substrates during migration. We modified Odde's model to develop fundamental model, applied Gillespie's stochastic algorithm to design time during in the migration simulation, and employed Keren's membrane theory to analyze the equilibrium at the leading edges. Thus, the proposed model can analyze stresses due to substrate, the intracellular body, and the external interaction between cells and obstacles. Simulation results indicate that cell–cell interaction depends on the equilibrium between the forces at the leading edge of the membrane, namely the cell–substrate interaction force, cell–cell interaction forces, and the cell membrane force. These results also indicate that the migration direction is dependent on the resultant forces. The membrane force and substrate force directions are “low correlation,” and the polymerization rate exhibits “little correlative” with the migration direction. We propose a modified cell migration model for simulating allocation and interaction among multiple cells. This model helps indicate the weightings of characteristic parameters that affect the cell migration direction and velocity.
Recent approach for preventing complications in upper gastrointestinal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Hatta Waku , Koike Tomoyuki , Abe Hiroko , Ogata Yohei , Saito Masahiro , Jin Xiaoyi , Kanno Takeshi , Uno Kaname , Asano Naoki , Imatani Akira , Masamune Atsushi
Published: October 2021

Although endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive treatment method for upper gastrointestinal (GI) tumors, patients undergoing upper GI ESD sometimes fall into a serious condition from complications. Thus, it is important to fully understand how to prevent complications when performing upper GI ESD. One of the major complications in esophageal and gastric ESD is intraoperative perforation. To prevent this complication, blind dissection should be avoided. Traction‐assisted ESD is a useful technique for maintaining good endoscopic view. This method was proven to reduce the incidence of intraoperative perforation, which would become a standard technique in esophageal and gastric ESD. In gastric ESD, delayed bleeding is the most common complication. Recently, a novel prediction model (BEST‐J score) consisting of 10 factors with four risk categories for delayed bleeding in gastric ESD was established, and a free mobile application is now available. For reducing delayed bleeding in gastric ESD, vonoprazan ≥20 mg/day is the sole reliable method in the current status. Duodenal ESD is still challenging with a much higher frequency of complications, such as perforation and delayed bleeding, than ESD in other organs. However, with the development of improved devices and techniques, the frequency of complications in duodenal ESD has been decreasing. To prevent intraoperative perforation, some ESD techniques, such as using the distal tips of the Clutch Cutter, were developed. An endoscopic mucosal defect closure technique would be mandatory for preventing delayed complications. However, several unresolved issues, including standardization of duodenal ESD, remain and further studies are demanded.
Utility of autologous fecal microbiota transplantation and elucidation of microbiota in diversion colitis
Authors: Tominaga Kentaro , Tsuchiya Atsunori , Mizusawa Takeshi , Matsumoto Asami , Minemura Ayaka , Oka Kentaro , Takahashi Motomichi , Yoshida Tomoaki , Kojima Yuichi , Ogawa Kohei , Kawata Yuzo , Nakajima Nao , Kimura Naruhiro , Abe Hiroyuki , Setsu Toru , Takahashi Kazuya , Sato Hiroki , Ikarashi Satoshi , Hayashi Kazunao , Mizuno Ken‐ichi , Yokoyama Junji , Tajima Yosuke , Nakano Masato , Shimada Yoshifumi , Kameyama Hitoshi , Wakai Toshifumi , Terai Shuji
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Diversion colitis (DC) is an inflammatory disorder caused by interruption of the fecal stream and subsequent nutrient deficiency from luminal bacteria. The utility of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for DC was recently investigated; however, the precise pathogenesis of this condition remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of autologous FMT in DC and to determine the related changes in the intestinal microbiota.

Methods

Autologous FMT was performed to reestablish the intestinal microbiota in five patients (average age, 64.6 ± 8.3 years) with DC. They underwent double‐ended colostomy. We assessed the diverted colon by endoscopy and evaluated the microbiota before and after FMT using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method.

Results

All five patients had mild inflammation (ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity [UCEIS] 2–3) in the diverted colon based on the colonoscopic findings. Three patients presented with symptoms, such as tenesmus, mucoid stool, and bloody stool. With FMT treatment, all patients achieved endoscopic remission (UCEIS score of 0 or 1) and symptomatic improvement. We observed a significantly decreased α‐diversity in DC patients compared to healthy controls. The frequency of aerobic bacteria, such as Enterobacteriaceae, in the diverted colon decreased after autologous FMT.

Conclusions

This study was the first to show that the microbiota in the diverted colon was significantly affected by autologous FMT. Since interruption of the fecal stream is central to the development of DC, FMT can be considered a promising treatment.
Understanding Lithium‐ion Transport in Sulfolane‐ and Tetraglyme‐Based Electrolytes Using Very Low‐Frequency Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ho Janet S. , Borodin Oleg A. , Ding Michael S. , Ma Lin , Schroeder Marshall A. , Pastel Glenn R. , Xu Kang
Published: October 2021

With the increasing interest in highly concentrated electrolyte systems, correct determination of the cation transference number is important. Pulsed‐field gradient NMR technique, which measures self‐diffusion coefficients, is often applied on liquid electrolytes because of the wide accessibility and simple sample preparation. However, since the assumptions of this technique, that is, complete salt dissociation, all ions participating in motion, and all of them moving independently, no longer hold true in concentrated solutions, the transference numbers, thus obtained are often over‐estimated. In the present work, impedance spectroscopy at a frequency range of 1 MHz to 0.1 mHz was used to examine the concentration effect on lithium‐ion transference number under anion‐blocking conditions for two electrolytes: lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in sulfolane (SL) and lithium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in tetraglyme (G4). The of the former was almost an order of magnitude higher than that of the latter. It also appeared to increase with increasing concentration while the latter followed an opposite trend. The faster Li+ transport in the SL system is attributed to the formation of a liquid structure consisting of extended chains/bridges of SL molecules and the anions, which facilitate a cation‐hopping/ligand‐exchanged‐typed diffusion mechanism by partially decoupling the cations from the anions and solvent molecules. The G4 system, in contrast, is dominated by the formation of long‐lived, stable [Li(G4)]+ solvation cages that results in a sluggish Li+ transport. The difference between the two transport mechanisms is discussed via comparison of the bulk ionic conductivity, viscosity, ion self‐diffusion coefficients, and the Onsager transport coefficients.