bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Effects of Total Emission Control Policies on Surface Water Quality in China: 2004 to 2014
Authors: Liu Xia , Feng Jianfeng , Qiao Yinhuan , Wang Yuqiu , Zhu Lin
Published: May 2017

Water quality deterioration is a problem throughout the globe, especially in China. The Chinese government established national total emission control (TEC) policies related to the nation's surface water quality over the past 10 yr to restore, protect, and promote healthy water quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of China's TEC policies by analyzing three water quality constituents (ammonium nitrogen [NH4–N], dissolved oxygen [DO], and the permanganate index [CODMn]) at 73 monitoring stations, which account for most of the surface waters of eastern China. The seasonal Mann–Kendall test revealed that approximately 60, 50, and 65% of stations had nonsignificant trends for CODMn, NH4–N, and DO, respectively. Concentrations of CODMn and NH4–N significantly (α = 0.05) decreased by 27.4 and 38.4% at the monitoring stations over the 11‐yr study period, whereas DO significantly (α = 0.05) increased by 24.7%. Correlation analysis indicated that the water quality improved at approximately 30% (CODMn) and 20% (NH4–N) of monitoring sites with the reduction of water pollutant emissions from industrial sources. A seasonal pattern was observed for the three water quality parameters at most of the stations but not at a regional scale. Results also indicated that CODMn concentrations decreased significantly (α = 0.05) at most river stations but increased significantly (α = 0.05) at nearly all lake stations, suggesting that TEC in China might be more effective for rivers than for lakes and reservoirs. Although there are many nonsignificant relationships with the water quality constituents selected as top pollutants in China, a few noticeable significant relationships were established.

Core Ideas

A few significant relationships were established with water quality.

TEC in China is inadequate to recover the surface water quality status of China.

More pollution sources, such as nonpoint sources, need to be considered in China.
Grower Analysis of Organic Matter Amendments in California Orchards
Authors: Khalsa Sat Darshan S. , Brown Patrick H.
Published: May 2017

Organic matter amendments supply crop nutrients and enhance soil health, yet information specific to orchards is lacking. A survey was conducted to analyze use of these materials by California almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] growers. Significant differences were observed for benefits, concerns, and accessibility to manure and green waste sources and between users and nonusers. Use patterns were significantly influenced by heavy and light users, farm size, and geographic region. Enhanced soil biology was the main benefit attributed to organic matter amendments by both users and nonusers. Nonusers showed greater concern for food safety compared to users, and all growers reported greater concern for food safety from manure. The greatest adoption of organic matter amendments occurred on small farms (≤170 ha) located in the north San Joaquin Valley in California. Greater accessibility to manure correlated with presence of dairy farms. Poorer accessibility ratings by nonusers suggest access is a barrier to adoption, as opposed to nonusers having an undesirable view of the practice. Common management included applying organic matter amendments during tree dormancy from manure sources in composted forms with no‐till. Heavy users on small farms exhibited the greatest year‐to‐year consistency and were more flexible with selection of sources and diverse in application methods. Large farms (>170 ha) were less likely to use organic matter amendments every year and less likely to apply them on all their farm area. This study identifies a number of strategies to fill knowledge gaps, increase practice awareness, and overcome barriers to adoption.

Core Ideas

We analyzed grower adoption or avoidance of organic matter amendments in California almond orchards.

We found significant differences in responses from usage groups, farm sizes, and geographic regions.

Soil biology was reported as primary benefit and food safety as primary concern from use.

Accessibility to organic matter amendments was a constraint to adoption for nonusers.

Heavy users on small farms were more consistent and flexible with management.
Nitrate and Ammonium Leaching in Cool‐Season Turfgrass as Affected by Temperature and Potential Evapotranspiration
Authors: Soldat Douglas J. , Petrovic A. Martin , Rossi Frank S. , Barlow Jeffrey
Published: May 2017

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is often added to turfgrass during times of low temperature when soil N mineralization cannot meet plant needs. However, the spring and fall in humid temperate regions often receive more precipitation than evapotranspiration (ET). Excess soluble N in the soil has the potential to be leached into groundwater, especially when groundwater is being recharged. Temperature and ET are hypothesized to influence N uptake independently; however, their individual contributions have not been characterized in turfgrass systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate ammonium (NH4–N) and nitrate (NO3–N) leaching of applied fertilizer from different cool‐season grasses under a wide range of temperature and potential ET conditions observed in the cooler periods of the year in temperate climates. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and a mixture of tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] and fine fescue (Festuca longifolia Tracey) were established in 36‐cm‐deep containers on a sandy loam soil. The treatments were combinations of six temperatures (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10°C) and three potential ET rates (1.0, 2.5, and 5.1 mm d−1). Approximately 10 d after a 49‐kg ha−1 application of soluble N, leaching was induced. As temperature and ET decreased (independently), more NO3–N was recovered in leachate. Ammonium leaching was low and not affected by any factor. ET had a larger influence on NO3–N leaching at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. These results suggest that both forecasted temperature and ET could be useful for developing NO3–N leaching risk assessment models.
Cultivar Development in the U.S. Public Sector
Authors: Shelton Adrienne C. , Tracy William F.
Published: May 2017

Public plant breeders at land grant universities and USDA play a critical role in the development of improved cultivars for farmers in the United States. Over the past 20 yr, a series of reports have documented the decrease in public plant breeding programs, breeder positions, and government financial support. Publically funded programs allow breeders to focus on crop types, geographic locations, and management systems that are not sufficiently profitable to warrant significant investment from private industry. A survey was conducted in 2015 to understand the current state of cultivar development in the U.S. public sector. The survey respondents were public plant breeders actively releasing finished cultivars and inbred lines, and questions included: (i) demographic and background information; (ii) germplasm usage and exchange; (iii) intellectual property rights; (iv) breeding program funding; (v) institutional support and program size. Results indicate that public cultivar development is in a state of decline, with insufficient numbers of younger breeders working in the public sector today to maintain the current level of cultivar development as the most senior breeders retire. Funding public breeding programs continues to be a challenge, as is access to improved germplasm due to overly restrictive licensing agreements. Potential opportunities include re‐distribution of royalty funds to bolster revenue streams, and simplifying the germplasm exchange process to increase the likelihood of successful cultivar releases.
Measuring and Modeling Hydraulic Lift of Lolium multiflorum Using Stable Water Isotopes
Authors: Meunier Félicien , Rothfuss Youri , Bariac Thierry , Biron Philippe , Richard Patricia , Durand Jean-Louis , Couvreur Valentin , Vanderborght Jan , Javaux Mathieu
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas

An experimental setup was designed to observe and accurately locate hydraulic lift.

Water stable isotope enrichment was observed in topsoil layers.

The results could be successfully reproduced using a 3D soil–root model.

This study tested a method to quantify and locate hydraulic lift (HL, defined as the passive upward water flow from wetter to dryer soil zones through the plant root system) by combining an experiment using the stable water isotope 1H218O as a tracer with a soil–plant water flow model. Our methodology consisted in (i) establishing the initial conditions for HL in a large rhizobox planted with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), (ii) labeling water in the deepest soil layer with an 18O‐enriched solution, (iii) monitoring the water O isotopic composition in soil layers to find out changes in the upper layers that would reflect redistribution of 18O‐enriched water from the bottom layers by the roots, and (iv) comparing the observed soil water O isotopic composition to simulation results of a three‐dimensional model of water flow and isotope transport in the soil–root system. Our main findings were that (i) the depth and strength of the observed changes in soil water O isotopic composition could be well reproduced with a modeling approach (RMSE = 0.2‰, i.e., equivalent to the precision of the isotopic measurements), (ii) the corresponding water volume involved in HL was estimated to account for 19% of the plant transpiration of the following day, i.e., 0.45 mm of water, and was in agreement with the observed soil water content changes, and (iii) the magnitude of the simulated HL was sensitive to both plant and soil hydraulic properties.
Impact of Red Wine Consumption on Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Liberale Luca , Bonaventura Aldo , Montecucco Fabrizio , Dallegri Franco , Carbone Federico
Published: May 2017

Background:

The devastating effects of heavy alcohol drinking have been long time recognized. In the last decades, potential benefits of modest red wine drinking were suggested. In European countries in which red wide intake is not negligible (such as France), the association between cholesterol and cardiovascular (CV) risk was less evident, suggesting the action of some protective molecules in red wine or other foods and drinks.

Methods:

This narrative review is based on the material searched for and obtained via PubMed up to May 2016. The search terms we used were: “red wine, cardiovascular, alcohol” in combination with “polyphenols, heart failure, infarction”.

Results:

Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence of a J-shaped relationship between red wine intake and CV risk further supported the “French paradox”. Specific components of red wine both in vitro and in animal models were discovered. Polyphenols and especially resveratrol largely contribute to CV prevention mainly through antioxidant properties. They exert beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic diseases, thus reducing the risk of adverse CV events such as myocardial infarction ischemic stroke and heart failure. Of interest, recent studies pointed out the role of ethanol itself as a potential cardioprotective agent, but a clear epidemiological evidence is still missing. The aim of this narrative review is to update current knowledge on the intracellular mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols and ethanol. Furthermore, we summarized the results of epidemiological studies, emphasizing their methodological criticisms and the need for randomized clinical trials able to clarify the potential role of red wine consumption in reducing CV risk.

Conclusion:

Caution in avowing underestimation of the global burden of alcohol-related diseases was particularly used.
Place Attachment and Continuity of Urban Place Identity
Authors: Ujang Norsidah
Published: May 2017

This paper focused on place attachment and its significance in defining place identity with reference to three main shopping streets in the city center of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Place identity refers to the identification of emotions and feelings about a particular place and the distinctive characteristics of the place in which human-place bonding is developed. The weakening of place identity has been identified as one of the urban design issues for contemporary cities. This paper identified the issues concerning place identity; concepts of place and place attachment constructs, the identification of place attachment constructs and place attributes that could be used as assessment indicators for future redevelopment of local urban places. A questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted to examine place attachment and to identify the characteristics of the places that exerted influence and would then benefit in terms of securing place identity which in turn sustained attraction and thus brought greater economic and tourism advantages to the city.
Children’s Perceived Restoration and Pro-Environmental Beliefs
Authors: Collado Silvia , Corraliza José A.
Published: May 2017

This study intends to find a relation between children´s perceived restoration and their environmental orientations. In order to do that, a designed perceived restoration scale adapted from the PRCS-C II was used as well as an adapted version of the Children´s Environmental Perceptions Scale (CEPS). A total of 832 children aged between 6 and 13 participated in the study. The results show that there is a relation between the perceived restoration due to the nature present in the school playground and the environmental orientations children show.
Occupational Stress, Job Satisfaction and Cervical Screening Intention of Maternity Oncology Nurses
Authors: Hassan Hanan Elzeblawy , Atwa Azza Mohamed Elsayed
Published: May 2017

Background: Cervical Cancer could be a preventable disease, and a key aspect of its interference is that the detection of the premalignant form by cervical screening. Nursing could be a skilled job characterized by high stress. Stress could be associated with less practice of health promoting behaviors; however, no study has investigated the relationship between job stress and health screening
behaviors among nurses in Egypt. Aim: describe the rate of Pap smears in hospital nurses and assess the effects of job stress on receiving cervical cancer screening. Subject and Methods: Purposive sampling included 30 nurses who worked in gynecological inpatient and outpatient department in all general hospitals in Beni-Suef city. Data collection was carried out by self-administered structured questionnaire, Job stressors & Job Satisfaction Scales for Nurses. Results: 86.7% of staff nurses working in maternity oncology units never Performed cervical screening pap smear Previously. 90% & 93.4% of the nurses, respectively, were unsatisfied with their salary and job. 70% of them had an
occupational stress and 100% Perceived occupational health risks. Conclusion: The great majority of nurses has unsatisfied and job stress. Most of them never Performed pap smear Previously and absolutely refuse to do in future. The main cause for refusing cervical screening as mentioned by nurses was a high flow rate of positive cases.
A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Explicit and Communicative Instruction on Taiwanese EFL Secondary School Students’ Morphophonological Awareness of Derived Words
Authors: Kuo Feng-lan , Kuo Yihsiang , Chiu Ting-wan
Published: May 2017

This study compared effectiveness of two types of instruction on Taiwanese EFL senior high school students’ oral production of derived words: communicative versus explicit. Participants included three intact classes of twelfth graders in a private senior high school. One class received explicit instruction, another communicative instruction. The third class received conventional instruction and served as the control group. Three groups received one 25-minute lesson on oral production of English derived words per week for a total of six weeks. Instruments included oral derived words tasks in isolation and in sentential context, and two versions of the treatment questionnaire. Results show that both Explicit and Communicative Groups significantly outperformed Control Group in the posttest of oral production of derived words in isolation, with neutral suffixes, with nominals, and at levels 5-6. Communicative Group also significantly surpassed Control Group in the derived words with non-neutral suffixes and beyond level 6. However, there was no significant difference among three groups in oral production of English derived words in sentential context, with adjectives, and at levels 3-4. Based on the results of this study, language instructors are suggested to first explicitly teach learners how to orally produce English derived words and then use communicative activities to enhance learners’ interest and motivation. Future studies are recommended to compare effects of explicit and communicative instruction on learners with varying proficiency levels and/or with longer periods of practice or exposure.
Ejecución y cumplimiento de la pena de prestación de servicios a la comunidad
Authors: Riega-Virú Yasmina
Published: May 2017

La investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la correlación entre el cumplimiento de la pena y la aplicación de las normas. Se revisaron 150 expedientes con sentencia en Lima metropolitana. Entre los resultados se obtuvo que el INPE en un 31% toma en cuenta las habilidades de los sentenciados para asignar el trabajo comunitario; en 69% asigna trabajos comunitarios ajenos a sus habilidades; el 70% es supervisado de manera discontinua y el 30% en forma mensual, lo que implica la omisión del informe al juez sobre el trabajo del sentenciado en forma mensual. El 77% de entidades receptoras no devuelve las planillas de control laboral de los sentenciados; el 33% sí lo hace; al 54% les asigna tareas no específicas, y al 46% en tareas específicas. Con el resultado de la prueba estadístico Chi cuadrada de Pearson (X2), para las variables cumplimiento o no cumplimiento de la disposición referida en el artículo 263 del D.S. Núm. 015-2003-JUS– Reglamento del Código de Ejecución penal se obtuvo un valor X2 de 44.88, que permiten establecer que existe correlación. Se concluyó que el incumplimiento del proceso normado está asociado al incumplimiento de la pena de prestación de servicios a la comunidad.
Prestación alimenticia en las relaciones hispano-argentinas
Authors: Soto Moya Mercedes
Published: May 2017

Las familias mixtas, en las que uno o varios de sus miembros son argentinos o españoles, proliferan en ambos lados del Atlántico. Es cada vez más frecuente que el deudor alimentario o su patrimonio estén en un Estado diferente de donde deben cumplir su obligación. Las dificultades para acceder al cobro de esta deuda causan verdaderos problemas, no sólo jurídicos, sino, sobre todo, humanos, teniendo en cuenta que pueden ser los únicos ingresos que percibe el acreedor. Algunos de los interrogantes que pueden suscitarse en relación con este tema son: a) si variará el monto alimenticio dependiendo de la ley que resulte aplicable; b) en qué lugar se puede interponer la demanda, o c) qué posibilidades hay, ante un eventual impago, de reconocer la sentencia que se haya dictado en el otro país. Para dar respuesta a éstos y otros interrogantes, se estudian las normas de derecho internacional privado, tanto españolas como argentinas, sobre competencia judicial, ley aplicable, reconocimiento y ejecución de resoluciones judiciales. Una vez analizadas, se elaboran propuestas de mejora de las soluciones ya existentes. El objetivo que se pretende es que éstas faciliten el proceso de integración de las familias tanto en España como en Argentina, que sean útiles para prevenir conflictos y optimicen la aportación de la inmigración en ambas sociedades.
Daños intencionales versus no intencionales. La responsabilidad civil extracontractual a la luz del principio de doble efecto
Authors: Orrego Cristóbal , Ibáñez León Arturo
Published: May 2017

Se estudia el principio del doble efecto en sí mismo, como criterio ético de justificación y sus principales elementos. En seguida se aplica el principio a la estructura general de la responsabilidad civil extracontractual por daños. Se consideran los delitos y cuasidelitos, la responsabilidad estricta y el caso especial de la responsabilidad por daños de vecindad, a la luz del mencionado principio. Se concluye que las principales distinciones de ese principio (intentado/colateral y proporcionalidad del daño) ayudan a comprender y a justificar mejor esta área del derecho.
The potential of biochar for reducing the negative effects of soil contamination on the phytochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation in wheat grain
Authors: Różyło Krzysztof , Świeca Michał , Gawlik-Dziki Urszula , Stefaniuk Magdalena , Oleszczuk Patryk
Published: May 2017

The food industry faces the problem of soil contamination and consequently the deterioration of the quality of plant products. Here, we present a study on evaluation of the effect of fertilization with sewage sludge (SL) with varying, rates of biochar (BC 2.5, 5 and 10% of DW) on yield quality and the accumulation of heavy metals in wheat grains. The greatest grain yield with the highest content of protein and gluten as well as the highest total content of phenols and flavonoids, was obtained when SL+5%BC fertilization was applied. The addition of 5%BC and 10%BC to SL resulted in the greatest increase in the antioxidant capacity of grain. Among phenolic acids, syringic acid was found in the largest amount in grain in the SL+2.5%BC treatment. A significant decrease in Pb accumulation in wheat grain after application of SL+5%BC and a successive decrease in Al content with increasing BC addition were observed. To increase the quality of wheat grains and to reduce the bioaccumulation of harmful elements after the application of biochar to the soil is important in the context of food safety and health of humans especially in food production on acidic and/or contaminated soils.
Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize fertilized with synthetic fertilizer or digestate and harvested at two maturity stages in Boreal growing conditions
Authors: Seleiman Mahmoud F. , Selim Shaimaa , Jaakkola Seija , Mäkelä Pirjo S.A.
Published: May 2017

Maize cultivation for silage could be a sustainable option in Boreal conditions, especially when combined with nutrient recycling. Effects of digestate (sludge from biogas of domestic origin) application in comparison with synthetic fertilizer and two maturity stages on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize were investigated. Starch, neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and digestible organic matter (DOM) contents of maize did not differ in response to the two fertilizer treatments. However, starch, DOM and metabolizable energy of maize increased, while ash, crude protein and WSC contents decreased with increasing maize maturity. Heavy metals in maize fertilized with digestate remained low. The results indicate that whole-crop maize fertilized with digestate and harvested at 150 days after sowing is a promising feed and has good nutritive value, even in Boreal conditions.
PROGRAM PERHITUNGAN PELAT LANTAI BETON PADA KONDISI ELASTIS DAN KAKU DENGAN PROGRAM VISUAL BASIC
Authors: Muslim Muslim , Deshariyanto Dwi , Fansuri Subaidillah
Published: May 2017

Pelat beton memiliki peranan penting dalam struktur bangunan gedung bertingkat, berkembangnya pertumbuhan pembangunan membutuhkan kinerja yang cepat dan akurat, untuk mempermudah dalam perhitungan pelat lantai beton  dan  menghemat waktu pekerjaan,  sehingga dibutuhkan program perhitungan pelat lantai beton. Tujuan dari pembuatan program ini adalah untuk menambah aplikasi baru dalam dunia kesipilan dan  membuat program perhitungan pelat  lantai beton pada semua jenis tumpuan secara mandiri dengan hasil perhitungan yang lebih cepat dan akurat.Program ini dibuat dengan bahasa pemrograman visual basic v 6.0, konsep perhitungan program yang dibuat berdasarkan tatacara perhitungan struktur pelat beton bertulang   pada SNI 03-2847-2002, serta studi literatur. dari beberapa sumber lain.Program perhitungan pelat lantai beton ini diberi nama SQP (System Quickon Plate). Program SQP dilengkapi dengan fasilitas penanganan kesalahan dalam proses pemasukan data serta memiliki tampilan yang mudah untuk digunakan dan dipahami. Perhitungan dari program SQP sama dengan perhitungan manual yang mengacu pada SNI 03-2847-2002 dan buku BALOK DAN PELAT BETON BERTULANG,Ali Asroni 2010.
POLA PEMBINAAN PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN NON FORMAL
Authors: Fajarwati Linda
Published: May 2017

Pembinaan program pendidikan non formal di Kabupaten Gresik masih lemah sehingga program belum dapat berkembang. Akan tetapi program PNF di Kecamatan Driyorejo Kabupaten Gresik berkembang dengan baik dikarenakan pembinaan dari penilik PLS, tokoh masyarakat dan pengelola PKBM. Pembinaan dilakukan dengan maksud agar kegiatan atau program yang sedang dilaksanakan sesuai dengan rencana atau tidak menyimpang dari rencana yang telah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan rasional diatas betapa pentingnya suatu pembinaan yang dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak baik dari pemerintah maupun masyarakat. Sehingga pola pembinaan pada penyelenggaraan program pendidikan non formal di PKBM Baitul Muslimin sangat menarik untuk dikaji. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pertanyaan besar yaitu bagaimana �Pola pembinaan penyelenggaraan program pendidikan non formal di PKBM Baitul Muslimin Kecamatan Driyorejo Kabupaten Gresik�. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan: (1) bagaimana indikator keberhasilan PKBM Baitul Muslimin (2) bagaimana faktor pendukung keberhasilan PKBM Baitul Muslimin (3) bagaimana bentuk pembinaan penyelenggaraan program pendidikan non formal di PKBM Baitul Muslimin (4) rasional penerapan pola pembinaan di PKBM Baitul Muslimin. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif (studi kasus). Teknik yang digunakan untuk menentukan informan adalah Snowball Sampling Technique. Subyek penelitian adalah seluruh unsur yang mendukung terlaksananya program-program PNF di PKBM Baitul Muslimin antara lain penilik, tokoh masyarakat, pengelola PKBM, tutor, TLD dan penyelenggara program. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mencakup tiga tahap kegiatan yaitu 1) reduksi data, 2) penyajian data dan 3) penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil temuanya adalah sebagai berikut: Pertama, ada sepuluh indikator keberhasilan PKBM Baitul Muslimin sesuai dengan indikator keberhasilan PKBM menurut patokan Diknas. Kedua, faktor pendukung keberhasilan PKBM Baitul Muslimin adalah (a) kelembagaan PKBM, (b) sarana prasarana yang memadai, (c) sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas, (d) strategi manajemen, (e) partisipasi masyarakat, (f) pendanaan dari kerjasama, (g) sosialisasi, (h) keterkaitan semua unsur, (i) manfaat untuk masyarakat. Ketiga, pola pembinaan penyelenggaraan program pendidikan non formal di PKBM Baitul Muslimin terdiri dari empat hal yaitu: a. penyelenggaraan program pendidikan non formal melibatkan tokoh masyarakat b. program pendidikan non formal berdasarkan pada kebutuhan masyarakat, c. program pendidikan non formal berbasis agama artinya pembelajaran disisipi dengan pengetahuan agama dan d. menerapkan strategi manajemen PDCA (Plan, Do, Check dan Action). Keempat, rasional penerapan pola pembinaan penyelenggaraan program pendidikan non forma di PKBM Baitul Muslimin adalah karena adanya kecocokan antara strategi manajeman yang digunakan dengan kondisi program pendidikan non formal dan di padukan dengan latar belakang masyarakat.
KONTRIBUSI KONSEP DIRI DAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI DAN KIMIA SISWA SMA DI KOTA MANOKWARI
Authors: Iwan Iwan , Rante Suparman Achmad
Published: May 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kontribusi konsep diri dan motivasi berprestasi secara bersama-sama terhadap hasil belajar Biologi dan Kimia siswa SMA di Kota Manokwari.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex-post facto yang dilaksanakan pada SMA di Kota Manokwari. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa di SMA di kota Manokwari tahun ajaran 2015/2016, sebanyak 900 orang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa pada tiga SMA di kota Manokwari tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah secara purposiverandom sampling. Sampel SMA di kota Manowari diambil secara purposive menjadi tiga kategoriberdasarkan akreditasi A, akreditas B, dan akreditasi C. Kemudian setiap kelompok sekolah berdasarkan akreditas diambil secara acak. Siswa kelas XI IPA SMA yang diambil sebagai responden dengan alasan sudah mencapai target kurikulum sebesar 51,16% dan belum mempersiapkan diri untuk menghadapi ujian nasional. Terdapat kontribusi positif konsep diri dan motivasi berprestasi secara bersama-sama terhadap hasil belajar Biologi siswa SMA di Kota Manokwari sebesar 74,3%. Dan begitu pula Terdapat kontribusi konsep diri dan motivasi berprestasi secara bersama-sama terhadap hasil belajar Kimia sebesar 19,9%.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V MATA PELAJARAN IPA DALAM MATERI ORGAN PERNAPASAN PADA MANUSIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA GAMBAR DI SDN 3 TLOGOSARI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Suyono Suyono
Published: May 2017

Menurut peneliti, penggunaan media gambar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar, karena media gambar dapat menimbulkan gairah belajar,memfokuskan dan menarik perhatian, memberikan perangsang yang sama untuk mempersamakan pengalaman dan persepsi. Menurut Arif S. Sadiman, 1999. Media gambar dapat membantu siswa dalam kemampuan berbahasa, pernyataan kreatif, serta menafsirkan dan mengingat isi materi.Penelitian ini berdasarkan permasalahan : Apakah penggunaan media gambar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas V semester II dalam kegiatan pembelajaran IPA? Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas V semester II pada mata pelajaran IPA dalam materi Organ Pernapasan Manusia dengan menggunakan media gambar di SDN 3 Tlogosari tahun pelajaran 2015-2016. Penelitian ini dilakukan dua siklus. Siklus pertama kurang berhasil karena ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal tidak tuntas, ketuntasan secara klasikal hanya mencapai 36,66%. Kemudian pada siklus kedua secara klasikal mencapai 96,66% dan dinyatakan tuntas. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan media gambar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajara siswa. Untuk itu penggunaan media gambar dapat digunakan sebagai media dalam pembeljaran IPA.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VI SDN GUMELAR 03 BALUNG
Authors: Sudaryati Nanik
Published: May 2017

Pada tahun pelajaran sebelumnya, sebagian besar peserta didik kesulitan memahami konsep ASEAN. Sementara itu pada awal semester genap tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 dijumpai peserta dengan karakteristik sulit menghafal/ memahami materi. Ketuntasan klasikal pada ulangan harian sebelumnya hanya 50%. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pada pokok bahasan ASEAN, melalui perbaikan kualitas proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran make a match. Penelitian dilakukan selama 2 siklus, melibatkan 17 peserta didik kelas VI SDN Gumelar 03 Balung. Indikator keberhasilan yang ditetapkan adalah 80% peserta didik tuntas mencapai nilai KKM 65. Data diperoleh melalui tes lembar kerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan secara signifikan pada prestasi belajar, yaitu 88% peserta didik tuntas. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sebesar 24% dari siklus sebelumnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran make a match mampu meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik pada pokok bahasan ASEAN.
Latent Presentation of Decompression Sickness After Altitude Chamber Training in an Active Duty Flier
Authors: Gentry James , Rango Juan , Zhang Jianzhong , Biedermann Shane
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND: Decompression sickness (DCS) is a potential danger and risk for both divers and aircrew alike. DCS is also a potential side effect of altitude (hypobaric) chamber training as well and can present long after training occurs. Literature review shows that altitude chamber
induced DCS has approximately a 0.25% incidence.CASE REPORT: A 32-yr-old, active duty military member developed symptoms of DCS 3 h after his hypobaric chamber training. Unfortunately, he did not seek treatment for DCS until 48 h after the exposure. His initial treatment included
ground level oxygen therapy for 30 min at 12 L of oxygen per minute using a nonrebreathing mask. He achieved complete symptom resolution and was returned to duty. However, 12 d after his initial Flight Medicine evaluation, the patient returned complaining of a right temporal headache, multijoint
pains, and fatigue. He was treated in the hyperbaric chamber and had complete resolution of symptoms. He was returned to flying status and 5 mo later denied any return of symptoms.DISCUSSION: Hypobaric chamber familiarity training is a requirement for all military aircrew personnel
to allow them assess their ability to identify symptoms of hypoxia. This training method is not only costly to maintain, but it also places aircrew and chamber technicians at risk for potential long-term side effects from failed recompression treatment of DCS. We are presenting a case of recurrent
DCS symptoms 12 d after initial ground level oxygen therapy.Gentry J, Rango J, Zhang J, Biedermann S. Latent presentation of decompression sickness after altitude chamber training in an active duty flier. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(4):427–430.
Geographical Indications and the Scramble for Africa
Authors: Mengistie Getachew , Blakeney Michael
Published: May 2017

This article examines the role of African countries in the debates in the WTO concerning the establishment of a system for the registration of geographical indications (GIs). It notes the conflict between ‘Old World’ and ‘New World’ countries over the forms which GI protection should take and the attempt of the European countries to enlist African support for its conception of sui generis GI protection. The article notes the recruitment by the WIPO of African support for its revival of the Lisbon Agreement to protect GIs and concludes with the response of Ethiopia on the protection of its coffee brands.
A Conspectus of the Functions of the Judiciary under the Zimbabwe Constitution 2013
Authors: Chitimira Howard
Published: May 2017

This article provides an overview analysis of the relevant provisions of the Zimbabwe Constitution Amendment Act 20 of 2013 (Zimbabwe Constitution 2013) that, inter alia, deals with the functions of the judiciary. To this end, the article examines the adequacy of the aforesaid provisions in relation to their practical enforcement and the promotion of constitutional democracy in Zimbabwe. In light of this, a synoptical analysis of the gaps and flaws of the provisions dealing with the functions of the judiciary under the Zimbabwe Constitution 2013 will be provided. In addition and where applicable, a comparative analysis of these provisions and those that were provided under the Lancaster House Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment Act 19 of 2008 (Lancaster House Constitution 2008) will be undertaken. This is done to explore whether the flaws and gaps that were associated with the relevant provisions of the Lancaster House Constitution 2008 are now corrected under the Zimbabwe Constitution 2013. Thereafter, possible recommendations and concluding remarks will be stated.
Aux origines de la science princière des archives : le premier chartrier des comtes de Namur et son inventaire de 1263
Authors: Dehove Pierre , Nieus Jean-François
Published: May 2017

Un inventaire jusqu’ici inconnu des archives des comtes de Namur au XIIIe siècle éclaire d’un jour nouveau leur formation, leur gestion et leur signification politique. Ce document, transmis par un registre de chancellerie flamand, peut être daté de 1263, lorsque le chartrier des comtes de Namur, transféré à Paris sept ans plus tôt, fut restitué à Gui de Dampierre. Il mentionne quatre-vingt-quinze chartes échelonnées entre 1190 et 1256, révélant ainsi un premier chartrier comtal presque totalement perdu aujourd’hui. Si son contenu ne peut être caractérisé que sommairement, on perçoit plus clairement les modalités et enjeux de la conservation. Les parchemins étaient confiés aux chanoines de la collégiale Saint-Pierre-au-Château depuis la fi n du XIIe siècle. Gui de Dampierre engagea un processus de sécularisation, plaçant en 1263 son nouveau chartrier sous le contrôle de ses officiers laïques. Une édition critique de l’inventaire est fournie en annexe, munie d’un index.
En quête de sécurité juridique dans la Normandie angevine : concorde finale et inscription au rouleau
Authors: Power Daniel
Published: May 2017

Les médiévistes britanniques connaissent bien l’outil juridique que constitua la finalis concordia, particulièrement à cause de l’évolution des « talons de fins » (feet of fines) vers l’enregistrement royal de plaintes purement fictives, déposées d’un commun accord par les parties, sous le règne de Richard Ier (1189-1199). On a beaucoup moins étudié les concordes finales dans leur contexte français. L’objet de cet article est de comparer les divers moyens par lesquels les autorités du duché de Normandie tentèrent d’assurer aux parties prenantes des conventions les garanties qu’elles requéraient — y compris par le biais de la concorde finale et de l’inscription au rouleau — avec les développements qui eurent lieu parallèlement en Angleterre, et d’étudier la signification de ces pratiques locales pour l’histoire du duché à la veille de son annexion au sein du royaume capétien. Le texte d’une concorde finale établie en 1201 par l’Échiquier de Caen (publiée en annexe) est ainsi analysé pour mettre en lumière sa signification potentielle peu avant l’annexion capétienne du duché.
I. Discussion croisade, mémoire, guerre : perspectives de recherche
Authors: Zouache Abbès
Published: May 2017

Jacques Paviot’s edition (or, in some cases, new edition) of eight crusading projects composed between 1290 and 1330 has opened up promising avenues of research on the phenomenon of the Crusades. Two subjects are particularly important. First, the ways in which divergent memories of the crusade were transmitted, and, second, the evolution of approaches to warfare. The crusading projects refl ect a tension between celebration and hostility, in the form of sharp criticism of the utility of such enterprises and calls for other approaches to dealing with Islam. Emphasizing as they do tactical efficiency and feasibility, they also reveal the development of original and thoroughly pragmatic concepts of warfare.
Le rôle des marchés dans l’approvisionnement en céréales de Paris au XVIe siècle d’après la mercuriale
Authors: Buat Nicolas
Published: May 2017

Les sources relatives à la consommation parisienne de céréales (sous forme de grain, de farine ou de pain) sont rares et fragmentaires, à l’exception de la mercuriale qui indique, de 1520 à 1584, les quantités de blé vendues à la Halle ou sur la Grève, selon le relevé des mesureurs. Les quantités totalisées année après année ne sauraient cependant avoir suffi à alimenter la ville, et la pertinence des données doit être évaluée. La critique interne de la source permet d’établir que les mesureurs ont rempli leur office avec régularité, collectant des données précises sur chaque marché, bien que la présentation en soit plus ou moins détaillée selon les années. La structure de ce commerce illustre la vocation de Paris comme marché de consommation finale ainsi que le rôle des marchés de blé pour l’ajustement des quantités offertes, dans un système caractérisé par la pluralité des modes d’approvisionnement. La mercuriale témoigne enfin de différents phénomènes politiques ou économiques, notamment de la mise en place d’un marché organisé de la farine au tournant des années 1560.
Du pavillon de chasse à la résidence capitale : le développement de Versailles à travers les actes royaux (1634-1716)
Authors: Maroteaux Vincent
Published: May 2017

Die Residenznahme des Königs in Versailles hatte die Entwicklung einer Domäne zur Folge, die ihresgleichen suchte, wie auch die Geburt einer Stadt, die in wenigen Jahrzehnten eine der ersten im Königreich wurde. Diese Veränderungen wären natürlich ohne einen rechtlichen Rahmen nicht möglich gewesen. Die 33 hier veröffentlichten Urkunden erlauben es, die einzelnen Etappen nachzuvollrésumés ziehen, von der Gründung des Schlosses durch Ludwig XIII. bis zur Vereinigung mit den Domänen der Krone (1716). Aufgrund des privaten Charakters, der den Aufenthalt des Königs in Versailles auszeichnete, hatten diese Urkunden oft, zumal in den ersten Jahrzehnten, die Form eines Ordre oder Brevets, die nur von einem Staatssekretär gegengezeichnet wurden, während der königliche Rat bei finanziellen Fragen (Befreiung oder Erhebung von Steuern) oder bei der Anschaffung und dem Tausch von Grundbesitz eingeschaltet wurde. Demgegenüber benutzte man Lettres patentes, die in der Kanzlei besiegelt und von den zuständigen Behörden registriert wurden, für wichtige Entscheidungen ; sie hatten die Form von Deklarationen oder sogar Edikten, wenn es darum ging, den Status der Domäne zu bestätigen, einen königlichen Bailliage einzurichten oder der Stadt besondere Privilegien zu verleihen.
Note sur la Sainte Épine offerte en 1256 par Louis IX à la cathédrale de Valence (Espagne)
Authors: Pons Alós Vicente
Published: May 2017

En mars 1256, Louis IX adressa à l’évêque et au chapitre cathédral de Valence l’une des épines de la couronne du Christ, relique conservée à la Sainte-Chapelle de Paris. Ce don s’inscrit dans le contexte de la toute récente reconquête de Valence par Jacques Ier d’Aragon sur les musulmans (1238), des liens familiaux entre les deux rois, ainsi que du développement de nouvelles relations diplomatiques. L’envoi de la relique, au-delà de sa portée religieuse, participe aussi d’une recherche de prestige en France et dans la chrétienté, dont témoignent divers dons analogues. L’épine, conservée depuis lors à la cathédrale, a occasionné la création de reliquaires successifs et l’aménagement d’une chapelle particulière, dont les peintures murales (datées entre 1262 et 1276) ont été récemment découvertes. La lettre patente qui accompagna le don fait l’objet d’une étude détaillée et d’une nouvelle édition critique en annexe.
La donation d’Anouuareth à l’abbaye Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil : retour sur un corpus d’actes (trop) célèbre
Authors: Lunven Anne
Published: May 2017

La donation par un Breton nommé Anouuareth de l’église Saint-Pierre d’Anast à l’abbaye Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil, au milieu du ixe siècle, est rapportée à la fois par une charte et par une notice. Ce dossier a été mis à contribution par la plupart des historiens pour décrire le fonctionnement de la plebs bretonne, structure civile et religieuse qui constituait l’unité de base de l’organisation sociale à l’ouest de la Vilaine à l’époque carolingienne. La tradition des actes d’Anouuareth n’est pourtant pas sans poser problème. Certes, l’église d’Anast fut cédée à Glanfeuil, peut-être par un clerc nommé Anouuareth venu en 841 au monastère, mais la véritable teneur de cette donation reste inconnue. Le contenu de la charte a été falsifié, probablement peu après qu’une vie régulière eut été rétablie dans le prieuré de Saint-Maur-sur-Loire, à la fin du Xe siècle. Quant à la notice, il s’agit d’un faux fabriqué vers 1096, lorsque l’abbaye ligérienne prit son indépendance de Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.
Shifting Quaternary migration patterns in the Bahamian archipelago: Evidence from theZamia pumilacomplex at the northern limits of the Caribbean island biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Salas‐Leiva Dayana E. , Meerow Alan W. , Calonje Michael , Francisco‐Ortega Javier , Griffith M. Patrick , Nakamura Kyoko , Sánchez Vanessa , Knowles Lindy , Knowles David
Published: May 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

The Bahamas archipelago is formed by young, tectonically stable carbonate banks that harbor direct geological evidence of global ice‐volume changes. We sought to detect signatures of major changes on gene flow patterns and reconstruct the phylogeographic history of the monophyleticZamia pumilacomplex across the Bahamas.

METHODS:

Nuclear molecular markers with both high and low mutation rates were used to capture two different time scale signatures and test several gene flow and demographic hypotheses.

KEY RESULTS:

Single‐copy nuclear genes unveiled apparent ancestral admixture on Andros, suggesting a significant role of this island as main hub of diversity of the archipelago. We detected demographic and spatial expansion of theZamia pumilacomplex on both paleo‐provinces around the Piacenzian (Pliocene)/Gelasian (Pleistocene). Populations evidenced signatures of different migration models that have occurred at two different times. Populations on Long Island (Z. lucayana) may either represent a secondary colonization of the Bahamas byZamiaor a rapid and early‐divergence event of at least one population on the Bahamas.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite changes in migration patterns with global climate, expected heterozygosity with both marker systems remains within the range reported for cycads, but with significant levels of increased inbreeding detected by the microsatellites. This finding is likely associated with reduced gene flow between and within paleo‐provinces, accompanied by genetic drift, as rising seas enforced isolation. Our study highlights the importance of the maintenance of the predominant direction of genetic exchange and the role of overseas dispersion among the islands during climate oscillations.
Repositioning public administration in Africa: A perennial challenge for academics
Authors: Koma Samuel B.
Published: May 2017

No abstract available.
Jungck theorem for triangular maps and related results
Authors: Grinc M. , Snoha L.
Published: May 2017

We prove that a continuous triangular map G of the n-dimensional cube In has only fixed points and no other periodic points if and only if G has a common fixed point with every continuous triangular map F that is nontrivially compatible with G. This is an analog of Jungck theorem for maps of a real compact interval. We also discuss possible extensions of Jungck theorem, Jachymski theorem and some related results to more general spaces. In particular, the spaces with the fixed point property and the complete invariance property are considered.
Fuzzy functions: a fuzzy extension of the category SET and some related categories
Authors: Höhle Ulrich , Porst Hans-E. , Sostak Alexander P.
Published: May 2017

In research Works where fuzzy sets are used, mostly certain usual functions are taken as morphisms. On the other hand, the aim of this paper is to fuzzify the concept of a function itself. Namely, a certain class of L-relations F : X x Y -> L is distinguished which could be considered as fuzzy functions from an L-valued set (X,Ex) to an L-valued set (Y,Ey). We study basic properties of these functions, consider some properties of the corresponding category of L-valued sets and fuzzy functions as well as briefly describe some categories related to algebra and topology with fuzzy functions in the role of morphisms.
Topological normal forms of high degree for the simplest bifurcations
Authors: Balibrea Francisco , Valverde Fajardo Jose C.
Published: May 2017

This paper is devoted to study the topological normal forms of families of maps on R which, under nondegeneracy conditions of high degree, also present the simplest bifurcations.
Generalized closed sets: a unified approach
Authors: Cao Jiling , Greenwood Sina , Reilly Ivan L.
Published: May 2017

We investigate various classes of generalized closed sets of a topological space in a unified way by studying the notion of qr-closed sets. New characterizations of some existing classes of generalized closed sets and topological spaces are given. A new class of generalized closed sets are introduced.