bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Use of Information Systems Pharmacy Management Officer Pharmacy in RSU Royal Prima Medan Year 2020
Authors: Zai Yurlina , Ginting Chrismis Novalinda , Nasution Sri Wahyuni
Published: October 2021

Management information systems are urgently needed by hospital pharmacy installations to maintain the quality of the hospital, protect patient safety and support fast and precise decision making. The application of management information systems in the pharmaceutical installation of the Royal Prima Medan Hospital has been running. The pharmaceutical installation system that has been implemented is evaluating, repairing and improving to keep up with the times.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of system quality, information quality, service quality on the use of pharmaceutical management information systems at Royal Prima Medan Hospital and the relationship between significant variables. This type of research is a mixed method with a sequential explanatory research strategy. This study uses the DeLone and Mclean information system success model. The research was conducted at the Royal Prima Medan Hospital with the research subjects being pharmaceutical officers at the Royal Prima Medan Hospital.
Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression analysis. The number of respondents used in this study were 30 respondents with the characteristics of all respondents being female (100%) and aged 25-29 years (43.33%). Based on the results of the T test, it can be concluded that system quality, information quality and service quality have no effect on system use. Simultaneously, system quality, information quality and service quality do not have a significant effect on the use of management information systems simultaneously.

Keywords: Evaluation, Pharmaceutical Information Management System, D & M is Success Model, Royal Prima Medan Hospital.
A New 2D Zn(II) Coordination Polymer Constructed by Flexible 2-methylimidazole Ligand Exhibiting Good Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Xin Yue Zhang Xin Yue Zhang , Mei Li Xu Mei Li Xu , Jun Qing Lv Jun Qing Lv , Xiao Juan Xu and Jun Wang Xiao Juan Xu and Jun Wang
Published: October 2021

A new zinc(II)-coordination polymer, [Zn(5-AIP)(BMIOPE)and#183;2H2O]n (1) (BMIOPE=4,4and#39;-bis (2-methylimidazol-1-yl) diphenyl ether, 5-H2AIP=5-aminoisophthalic acid) were hydrothermally synthesized. 1 possesses a 2D layer based on opposite-handed helical chains. Furthermore, 1 displays good photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB).
A Comparative Application of Latin Hypercube Design and Box-Behnken Design Methods in Extracting Sesameoil
Authors: Aman Elmi Tufa Aman Elmi Tufa , Youmin Hu Youmin Hu , Shuai Huang Shuai Huang , Wenwen Jin Wenwen Jin , Fengcheng Li Fengcheng Li
Published: October 2021

In the past decades, most researchers focus on process optimization and extraction methods to improve oil extraction from oilseeds. However, no information available on comparative analysis of different design methods to improve the process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of Latin hypercube design (LHD) and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in oil extraction. Experimental oil yield, analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the model, and practical observation were used to compare the methods. The result shows both methods can supply adequate data for experiments. The range of oil yield is 26 – 41% for BBD and 31 – 41% for LHD. Analytically, the ANOVA result indicates that the model constructed of the LHD experiment has a better prediction of observed oil yield at a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.98 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.4 while BBD has R20.87 and RMSE 1.4. From the experiment result, BBD is more suit to design, efficient, and easier to extract oil. LHD has better design options, more flexible but less efficient in the experiment. For the given process conditions, theresult comparison empirically analyzed suggests both methods can be applied for oil extraction.
Study of the Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-kaolinite Composite Reference to Adsorption of Cd and Pb from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Munazzah Saeed Munazzah Saeed , Manzoor Iqbal Manzoor Iqbal , Mahmood Iqbal Mahmood Iqbal , Sayed Muhammad Salman and Sadiq Afridi Sayed Muhammad Salman and Sadiq Afridi
Published: October 2021

A novel poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/ kaolinite composite was produced by copolymerization of partially neutralized acrylic acid and acrylamide with sawdust for crosslinking applying Bis-acrylamide having linear formulae (C₇H₁₀N₂O₂.), (H₂C=CHCONH) 2CH₂, potassium persulfate, K2S2O8 as initiator and sodium sulphite used as accelerator to reduce the polymerization time. Physiognomy of the composite was performed by techniques viz., Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Radiation Diffractometry (Crystallography), Structural-Equation-Modeling, Energy-Dispersal X-Radiation-Analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller methods. Divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes (adsorbate) adsorption on the adsorbent (composite) in aqueous solution was studied in batch experiments optimizing reaction parameters like “IA” of equilibrium amount, “CT” (wet time), neutrality (alkalinity and acidity) and calefaction (thermal reading). The quasi 2nd order kinetic archetypal ensued by AK. Adsorption isotherrms were applied to the empirical statistics which fitted well with a) Irving-Langmuir-isotherm and b) Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The supreme adsorption dimensions, qm (from Irving-Langmuir isotherm) at 25oC, were 28.57 mg g-1 and 32.25 mg g-1 for divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes, respectively. Data of activation energy (12.148 kJ mol-1 and 7.165 kJ mol-1 for divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes respectively) indicated physio-absorption. Results of thermodynamic parameters like ∆Go, ∆Ho and ∆So for both divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes suggested the phenomenon of the endothermic and spontaneity nature of the process. The newly synthesized composite attributed to its cost effective and environment friendly nature of the synthesis which will be deemed as a capable substance for the exclusion of adsorbent divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes from aqueous suspensions.
Prediction of Succinic Acid Extraction Efficiency in the Emulsion Liquid Membrane by using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Sevda G l Sevda G l , Aynur Manzak and G k en etinel Aynur Manzak and G k en etinel
Published: October 2021

This research aims to predict succinic acid concentration in the external phase during the emulsion liquid membrane process by using artificial neural networks along with a popular alternative method: k-nearest neighbor technique. The solute concentration values can be predicted by the proposed method without performing a great number of emulsion liquid membrane experiments. Several computer simulations were performed to demonstrate the success of the system. Simulation results showed that the estimated solute concentration values are very close to the achieved experimental results. The optimal conditions for emulsion liquid membrane were found to be: solvent kerosene, TOPO concentration (1%w/w), Amberlite LA-2 concentration (4%w/w), surfactant concentration (5%w/w), Na2CO3 concentration (5%w/v), modifier (decanol) concentration (2%w/w), mixing speed 300 rpm. The average accuracy percentages achieved by artificial neural network and k-nearest neighbor approaches were 88.75and#177;1.94% and 90.2and#177;1.2%, respectively.
Use of Bioballs as an Adsorbent for the Removal of Copper
Authors: Hakan elebi Hakan elebi
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, heavy metals, which are among the various hazardous pollutants, are present at a high level of density in the receiving environments. Among heavy metals, especially copper is mainly present in wastewater due to the industrial activities. Adsorption is the most practical method to prevent this pollution, and in recent years, researchers have been involved in researching both adsorption and cost-efficient, accessible, easy-to-apply environmentally friendly adsorbents. In this study, the adsorption capacity of high density bioballs having a potential adsorbent characteristic was investigated. Accordingly, different pH values (2.0 – 6.0) and the contact times (1 -150 minutes) of a solution on the adsorption process was evaluated under a constant agitating speed (150 rpm), a constant temperature (25and#176;C) and a fixed amount of adsorbent (2.0 g). Experimental data on the pH and contact times obtained were evaluated using different isotherm and kinetic models in a batch process. The optimum conditions for the adsorption process were determined as follows: adsorbent dose = 2 g/L, pH = 6.23 and contact time = 45 minute. The maximum copper refining efficiency of a high density bioball was calculated to be approximately 78% under the optimum conditions determined. The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir isotherm is 5.60 mg/g, and the adsorption of the copper element onto the high-density bioball is defined by a pseudo-second-order kinetics. The process was found to be applicable, spontaneous, and endothermic according to thermodynamic parameters. As a result, it has been noted that high density bioballs used as a biofilm material may be an alternative adsorbent for copper and the other heavy metals.
DOX-Loaded Gelatin Composite Hydrogels with Oxidation-Triggered Drug Release Property
Authors: Chutong Shi Chutong Shi , Li Zhang Li Zhang , Honglei Yin and Haibin Gu Honglei Yin and Haibin Gu
Published: October 2021

Hydrogels developed as stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) are increasingly concerned research focus in many fields such as chemistry, functional materials and biomedicine. Herein, we report the fabrication, characterization and drug release property of new gelatin composite hydrogels by using biocompatible gelatin and the doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles of a redox-responsive side-chain ferrocene (Fc)-containing amphiphilic diblock copolymer PNFc-b-PNTEG (Fig. 1). The self-assembly method was firstly adopted to prepare the DOX-loaded micelles of PNFc-b-PNTEG with oxidation-sensitive release property, and the DOX-loaded gelatin composite hydrogels were then successfully fabricated by using blending and soaking methods, respectively. The formed hydrogels were characterized by many techniques including scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and swelling test. The successful encapsulation of the DOX-containing micelles in the gelatin matrix was demonstrated, and the prepared composite hydrogels exhibited improved thermal stability, faster swelling speed and higher swelling ratios. The oxidation-triggered controlled in vitro release of DOX from the composite hydrogels was confirmed by using FeCl3 at different concentrations as an oxidizing agent. The composite hydrogels could act as excellent solid carriers to guarantee the sustained-release effect of DOX, and it is feasible to keep the DOX molecules with high concentration at the specific site for a long period (20 days or so). Thus, the present composite hydrogels are anticipated to be good candidates as redox-responsive DDSs.
The Ring Formation Mechanism in Cyclization of Berberine
Authors: Guosheng Wang Guosheng Wang , Siyu Han and Ronghui Xu Siyu Han and Ronghui Xu
Published: October 2021

Berberine hydrochloride is a natural alkaloid with significant antitumor activities against many types of cancer cells, can be synthesized by cyclic reaction with hydrochloride condensate and glyoxal as raw materials and copper chloride as catalyst. In this study, the transition and energy change for the each reaction step was calculated by the density functional theory program Dmol3 in Materials Studio 2017. and the results testified that there are two ring formation in the cycliztion process, and according to the result we proposed the mechanism of this cyclization reaction. We also use infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy to monitor the reaction process in real time and prove the ring formation process. The reaction mechanism was firstly proposed at the basic results of above.
Selective Removal of Hg2+ Ions from Water Using New Functionalized Silica Resin: Equilibrium, Thermodynamics and Kinetic Modeling Studies
Authors: Nida Shams Jalbani Nida Shams Jalbani , Amber R Solangi Amber R Solangi , Shahabuddin Memon Shahabuddin Memon , Ranjhan Junejo Ranjhan Junejo , Asif Ali Bhatti Asif Ali Bhatti
Published: October 2021

In current study, the diphenylaminomethylcalix[4]arene (3) was synthesized and immobilized onto silica surface to prepare a selective, regenerable and stable resin-4. The synthesized resin-4 has been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. To check the adsorption capacity of resin-4, the batch and column adsorption methodology were applied and it has observed that the resin-4 was selectively removed Hg2+ ions under the optimized parameters. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at pH 9 using 25 mg/L of resin-4. Under the optimal conditions, different equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic models were applied to experimental data. The results show that adsorption mechanism is chemical in nature following Langmuir model with good correlation coefficient (R2=0.999) and having 712.098 (mmol/g) adsorption capacity. The energy of calculated from D-R model suggests the ion exchange nature of the adsorption phenomenon. Dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted using Thomas model. The maximum solid phase concentration (qo) was 7.5 and rate constant was found to be 0.176 with (R2=0.938) for Hg2+ ions. The kinetic study describes that the adsorption mechanism follows pseudo second order (R2=0.999). The thermodynamic parameters such as ∆H (0.032 KJ/mol) and ∆S (0.127 KJ/mol /K) and ∆G (-5.747,-6.306, -7.027 KJ/mol) shows that the adsorption of Hg2+ ion is endothermic and spontaneous. The reusability of resin-4 was also checked and it has observed that the after 15 cycle only 1.2 % adsorption reduces. Moreover, the resin-4 was applied on real wastewater samples obtained from local industrial zone of Karachi, Sindh-Pakistan.
Synthesis of New Series of Phenyldiazene Based Metal Complexes for Designing Most Active Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents
Authors: Khalil Ahmad Khalil Ahmad , Habib ur Rehman Shah Habib ur Rehman Shah , Areeba Ashfaq Areeba Ashfaq , Muhammad Ashfaq Muhammad Ashfaq , Muhammad Kashif Muhammad Kashif , Hafiza Ammara Naseem Hafiza Ammara Naseem , Tariq Aziz Tariq Aziz , Sajidah Parveen and Hafsa and Imran Nazir Sajidah Parveen and Hafsa and Imran Nazir
Published: October 2021

In this study, In Vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of azo series based on transition metal complexes (Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+) with already our reported ligands named as; [(E)-1-(1, 3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2-phenyldiazene] (K-1), [(E)-1-(1, 3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)diazene] (K-2), 2-[(E)-phenyl diazenyl]-1H-benzimidazole] (K-3), [(E)-1-(1, 3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2-(4-ethylphenyl)diazene] (K-4), and [(E)-1-(1, 3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)-diazene] (K-5) were studied. FTIR 1H-NMR and mass spectrometric techniques were applied for interpretation of synthesized complexes. 4.05-4.07 ppm chemical shift appearance of azo group confirms azo coupling with transition metal complexes. N=N, C-H, C-N and C-O groups are also confirmed by FTIR which exhibited peaks at 1400-1500, 2090-3090, 1100-1180, 1010-1060 and 625-780 cm-1. Furthermore, mass spectroscopic data also gives strong indication for the synthesis of metal complexes.

All the newly synthesized complexes were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Antibacterial and antifungal activity against S. aureus, E.coli and A.niger, A.ustus and C.albican at conc. 250 and#181;g/ml showed excellent activity by K-1 complexes (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+), K-5 complexes (Zn2+, Mn2+, Cu2+), K-2 complexes (Co2+, Cu2+, Mn2+) and K-3 (Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+) as compared to standard drug (Ampicillin). Hence, based on this study, it was concluded that these azo based complexes may act as a platform for designing more active antibacterial and antifungal agents.
Design, Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Chalcone Derivative CMZ-3-5
Authors: Cen Xiang Cen Xiang , Xiangshun Kong Xiangshun Kong , Feng Gao Feng Gao , Yufan Zhao Yufan Zhao , Jiang Liu Jiang Liu , Yuan Yuan and Yuou Teng Yuan Yuan and Yuou Teng
Published: October 2021

Excessive accumulation of free radicals can cause a variety of diseases. According to reports, chalcone has the activity of scavenging free radicals. In this study, we synthesized a chalcone derivative CZM-3-5 and evaluated its antioxidant activity using a chemical assessment method (2,2and#39;-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•+) assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay and total reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay) and a cell model of oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The chemical evaluation results show that the compound CZM-3-5 has good antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging ability. MTT analysis showed that the compound has cytoprotective activity in H2O2-induced PC12 cells, and the mechanism may be related to the cytoprotective substance superoxide dismutase (SOD) is related to the level of glutathione (GSH). Overall, our findings indicate that compound CZM-3-5 has potential antioxidant activity in vitro.
Clinical-morphological features of malignant ovarian tumors in children in the Republic of Tajikistan
Authors: Umarova M. N. , Umarzoda S. G. , Akhmedova Z. B.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The study of anamnestic and clinical-morphological features of the malignant ovarian tumors (MOT) course in children.Material and methods. Clinical and anamnestic features of 47 cases of MOT in children who received special treatment in the Department of pediatric oncology of the SI “Republican Oncological Scientific Center” for 2005- 2018 were compared. To identify clinical morphological features patients were divided into two groups according to histotypes “teratoblastoma” (17 patients) and “dysgerminoma” (25 patients). The study used anamnestic, physical, clinical-laboratory, sonography, morphological, statistical methods.Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was found that the main complaints at admission were pain and palpable formation in the abdomen, which had dimensions of up to 10 cm in 19 (40.4%) cases, and in 28 (59.6%) cases - more than 10 cm. Ultrasound examination revealed a tumor-like formation of a heterogeneous/cystic structure, with dense walls, multiple chambers, with inclusions, tuberous, reaching significant sizes of 40-400 mm. The average values of the AFP onco-marker were 155 U/ml, Ca-125 - 87 U/ml, which exceeded the reference values. Dysgerminoma was found in more than half of cases - 25 (53.2%). There were no statistically significant differences in clinical and anamnestic measures between the different histological variants.Conclusion. Comparative analysis of peculiarities of the clinical-morphological course of MOT in children depending on histological type showed no statistically significant differences.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Pelajar SMP Van Lith Melalui Pelatihan Dasar Desain Grafis
Authors: Rusli Muhammad , Andrew  , Zhafran Muhammad , Sagita Theo Shella , Ramadhani Halim Vadly , Gabriele Zega Vania
Published: October 2021

Kegiatan pelatihan ini dilaksanakan bekerjasama dengan SMP Van Lith sebagai mitra. Program pelatihan dasar desain grafis dilaksanakan karena masih banyak lulusan SMP Van Lith yang masih belum mengetahui secara jelas dasar desain grafis. Metode pelatihan ini dilakukan dengan pemberian materi serta dilanjutkan dengan evaluasi dari hasil peserta. Pelatihan ini dilakukan agar kemampuan siswa dapat secara langsung mengerti dasar desain grafis. Hasil dari pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini sebagai bekal siswa siswa dikemudian hari. Pelaksanaan ini dilakukan secara daring karena bertepan dengan masa pandemi Covid 19.
Zekâ Oyunları ile İlgili Yeni ve Orijinal Bir Ders Materyali Geliştirilmesi
Authors: BATAR Mustafa
Published: October 2021

Bilim ve teknoloji dünyasındaki gelişmeler doğrultusunda yaşanan ilerlemelere uyum sağlayabilmek, onlarla rekabet edebilmek, değişen olaylara ve durumlara adapte olabilmek için zihinsel yeterliliklerimizin ilerlemesi, gelişmesi ve yerinde olması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, zekâ oyunları, genel olarak hem öğrencilerin hem de bireylerin zekâ potansiyellerini tanımasına ve geliştirmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından zekâ oyunları; akıl yürütme ve işlem oyunları, hafıza oyunları, kelime oyunları, strateji oyunları, geometrik mekanik oyunlar ve zekâ soruları olmak üzere 6 ana başlık altında sınıflandırılmaktadır. Ayrıca, zekâ oyunları Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından, bireysel, takım halinde ve rekabet ortamında çalışma becerilerini geliştiren ve problem çözmeye yönelik olumlu bir tutum sağlayan araçlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda yapılan bu çalışmada, öğrencilerin zihinsel yeterliliklerini geliştirici akıl yürütme ve işlem oyunları, sözel oyunlar, geometrik ve mekanik oyunlar, hafıza oyunları, strateji oyunları ve zekâ soruları kategorisinde toplam 111 tane yeni zekâ oyunu hazırlanarak bir zekâ oyunları eğitim materyali oluşturulmuştur. Hazırlanan eğitim dokümanı – ders materyali – aracılığıyla, öğrencilerin problemler karşısında farklı ve özgün stratejiler ortaya koyması, hızlı ve doğru kararlar vermesi, sistematik bir düşünce yapısına sahip olup geliştirmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bununla birlikte, geliştirilen bu eğitim materyali sayesinde, öğrencilerin problem çözme, iletişim ve akıl yürütme, öz düzenleme ve psikomotor becerilerinin ve duyuşsal özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu plan doğrultusunda, bu çalışmada, zekâ oyunları ile ilgili 6 ana başlık altında 111 orijinal soru tasarlanıp geliştirilmiştir. Ek olarak yapılan bu materyal geliştirme çalışmasının araştırmacılara ve öğretmenlere yol gösterici olması düşünülmektedir.
Legacy of the Steppe: Traces of the Scythian Horse
Authors: AKCAN Ayten
Published: October 2021

The domestication of the horse and the economic, social, military and cultural benefits from the horse in time, in a sense, is one of the important events in history. Although there are different opinions on this issue, cultural historians agree that the Turks played the biggest role in the domestication of the horse for the first time. The use of the horse as a riding animal by the Turks is essentially a cultural breakthrough. Considering the North China and central Inner Asia, where the Turkish culture emerged, the vast grasslands and wide steppe land, it is obvious that the horse brought dynamism both to itself and to the Steppe Culture over time. The Scythians, who lived in the steppe life in the region that included the east of Europe, the Tian Shan and Fergana Valley between the 8th century BC and the 3rd century AD, and were accepted as the ancestors of the Turks, were the best example of the strong connection between humans and animals at that time. While talking about the Scythians, Hippocrates mentions that they always have a horse with them and that they fight with the enemy on the horse. Ancient historians and geographers such as Herodotos, Strabo, and Xenophon defined them as "equestrian tribes" with the information they brought to the present day. We can also provide this information from Assyrian and Urartian written sources. The Scythians, who taught the world how to use the horse skillfully and were able to show many knowledge and skills about the horse, showed the tribes of the region that the horse could also be used for military purposes in every geography they went. Strabo especially mentioned "horse training" in the information he gave in his sources, and also included the love and respect that the Scythians felt for their horses. In light of archaeological findings and the written sources of the period, this study was conducted to answer the question of how the horse figure is based on cultural wealth in the military, political, social and religious lives of the Scythians.
Stock Market Response to the Covid-19 Shock: Lessons for Africa
Authors: Nanziri Lwanga Elizabeth , Zimuto Wisdom
Published: October 2021

African stock markets are predominantly underdeveloped. However, the increasing financial openness and dependency on external trade implies that these stocks markets can potentially be impacted by global shocks. We use daily data to investigate the response of a sample of African emerging and developed stock markets to the COVID-19 shock. We use the event-study methodology to estimate the cumulative average abnormal returns before and after the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that the reaction of active stock markets in Africa mimics that of markets in India and the United Kingdom. The patterns persist at sector-level, when the Johannesburg Stock Exchange is excluded, that while the pharmaceuticals, industrials, mining, and the transport sectors recorded significant abnormal gains, financials, real estate, wholesale, retail, and services lagged behind, and the response of the agricultural was subdued. These results have policy lessons for Africa’s structural transformation process and the recovery of developing markets, which have had a muted response to previous global shocks.
Twain in Circulation: Early Twain and the Culture of Reprinting
Authors: Blankenship Avery
Published: October 2021

Twain's early career as a newspaper reporter and sketch writer demonstrates the messiness of his early relationship to the American periodical landscape. Using reprint detection methods developed by the Viral Texts project, this article explores incidents in Twain's early career in which his name was added to a text in circulation, removed from a text, or the text itself was recontextualized as it circulated in newspapers. While Twain would later become a media mastermind in this burgeoning age of mass-media print production, these messier beginnings show Twain struggling, and sometimes failing, to exert his influence over the trajectory of his writing.
“Trash of the Veriest Sort”: Huck Finn's Missing Sex Life
Authors: Shannon Edward A.
Published: October 2021

Themes of marriage and family animate The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its immediate sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, as well as later tales featuring these characters. While race remains a major point of interest in scholarship of Huckleberry Finn, it is also as a novel about children, childhood, and growing up. This essay traces a pattern of desexualizing Huck in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and subsequent stories. This picture of Huckleberry Finn, a “poor white” boy in the slaveholding South, reflects views then current in late nineteenth-century America. And to an extent, it reflects hesitation that Twain, the father of three daughters, may have felt in setting Huck on a path toward marriage and reproduction. Reading Huckleberry Finn in this context reveals a rich discourse on race and class distinct from (although related to) the issues of slavery and racism expressed in the novel.
E-11 Compatibility of The Islamized Law of Murder of Pakistan with Modern Jurisprudence
Authors: Ahmad Ishfaq , Mahmood Ataullah Khan
Published: October 2021

The Islamized law of murder, known as the qisas and diyat law of Pakistan, has been under severe criticism since its enforcement. This paper discusses the main features of Islamized law of murder, i.e. qatli-amd, of Pakistan. The paper also encompasses the meaning of law under contemporary jurisprudence and theories of law. The paper further discusses the compatibility of the Islamized law with the latest jurisprudential developments in modern societies. In the end, the paper suggests some further modifications into the existing criminal law of Pakistan about heinous office of murder as Islamized in the year 1990 and amended many times, subsequently. Finally, it holds that Islamic law of qisas and diyat is compatible with the latest jurisprudence and standards of modern world; hence is, practically, viable.
ԻՐԱՎՈՒՆՔԻ ՆՈՐՄԵՐԻ ՍՈՒԲՍԻԴԻԱՐ ԿԻՐԱՌՈՒՄԸ/SUBSIDIARY APPLICATION OF LAW NORMS/СУБСИДИАРНОЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПРАВОВОЙ НОРМЫ
Authors: Petrosyan Rafik , Petrosyan Garegin
Published: October 2021

The article is aimed at representing the concept of law subsidiary (supportive) norms, their essence and conditions and preconditions of the their applicability as well as the differences between law subsidiary norms and overcoming legal gaps of analogy to RA courts and other legal bodies. The given notion is still new in RA legal studies and theories and the article can be beneficial for judicial and law enforcement practice.
Škola u oblaku: online platforme kao posrednici obrazovanja
Authors: Mahmutović Mirza
Published: October 2021

The paper discusses the processes of implementation of digital platforms, a special group of network media, in the filed of education. The effects of platform mechanisms on established learning concepts, especially the notion of education as a common good, are critically considered. Special attention is given to the implications of ''pandemic pedagogy'' conditioned by the appearance of the disease COVID-19 on the reconfiguration of previous practices and educational institutions. The paper points to the fruitfulness of the interdisciplinary dialogue of media studies and sociology of education in the analysis of the dynamics and transformation of modern educational systems.
Prevalence of primary bacterial co-infections among patients with COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Bashir Aieman , Abdullah Muhammad Syafiq , Momin Natalie Raimiza , Chong Pui Lin , Asli Rosmonaliza , Mani Babu Ivan , Chong Vui Heng
Published: October 2021

Objective: Bacterial co-infections in cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to less favourable outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary bacterial co-infections among patients with COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam. Methods: Seventy-one of 180 patients admitted to the National Isolation Centre between 9 March 2020 and 4 February 2021 were screened for primary bacterial co-infection (infection occurring <48 h from admission). We compared patients with a primary bacterial co-infection to those without. Results: Of the 71 screened patients, 8 (11.2%) had a primary bacterial co-infection (sputum 37.5% [6/16], blood 2.8% [1/36], urine 1.7% [1/60]), for a period prevalence rate of 4.4% (respiratory tract infection 3.3% [6/180], bloodstream 0.6% [1/180], urine 0.6% [1/180]) among all COVID-19 patients. Older age, presence of comorbidity, symptoms at admission (fever, dyspnoea, nausea/vomiting), abnormal chest X-ray (CXR) and more severe COVID-19 (P < 0.05) were associated with primary bacterial co-infection. Primary bacterial co-infection was also associated with development of secondary infection and death (all P < 0.05). Only one patient with primary bacterial co-infection died (methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia and multiorgan failure). Conclusions: Our study showed that primary bacterial co-infection affected 4.4% of patients with COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam. Older age, presence of comorbidity, symptoms and abnormal CXR at admission and more severe disease were associated with a primary bacterial co-infection. Lower respiratory tract infection was the most common co-infection.
Mapeamento do fluxo de valor de uma família de produtos descartáveis em uma empresa de produtos médico-hospitares
Authors: Rosa Ariane Ferreira Porto , Angelin Eduardo , Royer Rogério
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor melhorias no processo produtivo por intermédio do Mapeamento do Fluxo de Valor e da utilização das ferramentas da produção enxuta e da qualidade em um estudo de caso em uma empresa do setor da saúde. A metodologia utilizada classifica-se como exploratória, aplicada, quali-quantitativa com a realização de um estudo de caso. Dessa forma, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma indústria do setor da saúde, sendo aplicado inicialmente um mapeamento de processos e, posteriormente, a elaboração do mapeamento do fluxo de valor atual e futuro. A transição do estado atual para o estado futuro ocorreu por meio da aplicação de planos de ações, construídos de maneira organizada, com a finalidade de reduzir estoques intermediários, alterar o sistema de produção e, consequentemente, otimizar os fluxos de materiais e informações. Nesse estudo, foi possível reduzir o lead time de produção e tempo de ciclo em aproximadamente um terço dos tempos atuais, melhorar os processos e reduzir desperdícios que não agregar valor ao produto.
Respuesta al estrés hídrico y a la defoliación de la leguminosa forrajera Calopogonium mucunoides Desv según zona de procedencia
Authors: Ruiz Verónica , Rocha Lester , Savé Robert
Published: October 2021

El principal recurso limitante en la sequía es el agua, en consecuencia, este recurso junto con otros factores edafoclimáticos afecta varios aspectos de crecimiento y desarrollo de los individuos. En este estudio, se evaluó la tolerancia al estrés hídrico y el crecimiento compensatorio de la leguminosa forrajera conocida como Calopo o Rabo de Iguana (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv) de dos procedencias; sometidas a defoliación y a déficit hídrico. En condiciones controladas de invernadero se realizó el experimento con arreglo factorial de ocho tratamientos con tres repeticiones. Los individuos de C. muconoides fueron sometidos a dos niveles de defoliación: plantas defoliadas cada quince días y plantas no defoliadas; así como dos niveles de régimen hídrico: plantas regadas cada dos días y planta regadas cada siete días; se usaron plantas procedentes de dos comunidades: Muy Muy y Rivas. Las variables evaluadas fueron biomasa aérea, biomasa de raíces, biomasa total, tasa de crecimiento relativo, potencial hídrico y conductancia estomática. Se utilizó un modelo lineal mixto ajustado por máxima verosimilitud restringida. Todos los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con el software estadístico R. Los resultados muestran una respuesta diferenciada y compleja en las características de producción de biomasa y fisiológicas de las procedencias de C. mucunoides ante el efecto combinado de la defoliación y el régimen hídrico. Las plantas defoliadas y de procedencia de Muy Muy presentaron un mayor crecimiento compensatorio en comparación a las plantas de Rivas. Hubo una disminución en el potencial hídrico y la conductancia estomática en plantas defoliadas y con estrés hídrico. En las condiciones de estudio la especie de C. mucunoides es tolerante a la defoliación y al estrés hídrico
3D Inversion of Airborne Magnetic Data and Validation of it by Using Sourk Mine Drilling Data
Authors: Amani Jafarlou Omid , Ashja Ardalan Afshin , Adib Ahmad , Ganji Alireza , Bouzari Soheila
Published: October 2021

The airborne magnetic method is one of the most significantly applied approaches in mineral exploration. This magnetic method has been widely used in recent years due to its extensive coverage, lower cost than other methods and coverage of impassable areas and forests. For many years in Iran, the magnetic method has been utilized by authorities to survey ore deposits and to prepare structural and geological maps. This paper presents part of the Dehshir area exploration data of airborne surveys by helicopter with flight line spacing of 250 meters and flight height of 40 meters conducted by Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran. Furthermore, among the potential areas in the Dehshir area is the studied hereby area of Block C2 of Sourk mine. This region in Yazd province with a 4.1 km2 area is located at 95 km northwest of Yazd city. The purpose of this paper is to present a three-dimensional model of magnetic data and its validation using drilling data. The three-dimensional modeling of magnetic data has been processed by Inversion method. Next, the locations of boreholes were proposed for drilling. Then, the boreholes data is used to evaluate the geophysical method model by comparing the three-dimensional modeling of magnetic data and three-dimensional modeling of the proposed drilled boreholes data.
Simulation and risk management of financial activities in the digital economy era
Authors: Gasparian Mikhail Samuilovich , Kiseleva Irina Anatolievna , Titov Valery Aleksandrovich , Olenev Leonid Anatolyevich
Published: October 2021

The present article attempts to study the role of financial risk management in the digital economy era. The main purpose of the article is to identify the main patterns that determine the features of risk assessment in business as the main element contributing to the achievement of economic security of the organization, as well as to carry out a comparative analysis of risk assessment and risk management methods in the context of digitalization. The contemporary economic analysis employs various risk management methods. Digitalization also creates new risks, most of which are related to cybercrime and fraud on the Internet. The most effective ways to reduce risk in the context of instability of the economic and political situation in Russia are the scenarios method and the method of analyzing hierarchies, as well as diversification, i.e. the distribution of risks among several business participants. The article discusses various types of economic risks, risk analysis, and assessment methods, as well as risk neutralizing strategies.
Analyzing methods of determining pre-destruction of blast hole vicinity
Authors: Shevkun Yevgeny B. , Leshchinsky Alexander V. , Shishkin Evgeny A. , Lysak Yuri A. , Plotnikov Andrey Yu.
Published: October 2021

The level of deformation of the rock massif of a blasted slab must be planned in advance, depending on the required results of blasting. Thus the energy costs of barren rock overfilling as part of preparing for overburden excavation are inefficient. On the contrary, an increase in the blast energy spent on degrading and breaking the ore mass is an efficient measure of preparing for the excavation of mineral wealth. There are currently two methods used to determine the pre-destruction of a blasted rock massif. The first one is based on determining the number of strain waves passing through locations of borehole charges. However, this method fails to determine the preliminary rock destruction level. The second method is based on determining coefficients of the pre-destruction of a rock massif by these strain waves. The merit of this method is that it allows evaluating the quality pattern of the pre-destruction of a rock massif. The procedure of considering the fraction of energy of the strain waves, reflected by the shielding rock mass to the destructive amount of blasting charges and refracted to this destroyed rock, is proposed.
Anniversary of the commencement of the sg-3 Kola superdeep borehole drilling operations
Authors: Skuf'in Petr K.
Published: October 2021

The presented article reviews the history of drilling the deepest well in the world, located in the northeastern part of the Early Proterozoic Pechenga structure (Kola Peninsula). In 1990, the Kola Superdeep Borehole (SG-3) reached a record depth of 12,262 m. SG-3 fully completed all the assigned tasks, both in technical and scientific terms. The 4024 linear meters of core were extracted, including drill samples from a record depth. Overall, a whole complex of logging geophysical works with a total length of 400 thousand km was performed through the use of 25 methods. This allowed obtaining the latest information on the structure and composition of the deep horizons of the earth's crust, which qualitatively changed the data of previous deep seismic studies. Also, the emerging data on the chemical and mineral composition, as well as the research of physical properties of deep rocks, proved the presence of ore mineralization and metal-bearing hydrothermal systems. SG-3 at its depth uncovered new ore bodies of copper-nickel ores; six types of ore mineralization have been identified throughout the section of the borehole. High permeability for fluids and hydrothermal solutions of deep zones of the earth's crust was established, which is associated with increased porosity and rocks fracturing. It was also proved that the earliest Precambrian metasedimentary rocks were formed with the active participation of biological processes. The presented analysis of the deep-hole drilling experience allows the author to confirm the status of SG-3 as the deepest artificial point on Earth.
A Review of the Cybersecurity Programs in the United States Army
Authors:   University of Phoenix, Sawyer Grayson
Published: October 2021

Cybersecurity is very complex, and as such, decisions regarding cybersecurity are highly intertwined with the functionality and application of systems. The threat to cybersecurity is, however, ever-evolving and decisions regarding cybersecurity, therefore, need to be made with this in mind. Cybersecurity systems, therefore, need to be tailored to individual systems, be adaptive, have the ability to evolve with the threat as well as be highly integrated with the system designs and the mission these systems support . In the military, it is critical to develop systems that maintain the expected level of confidentiality, non-repudiation, authentication, integrity, and availability that aids towards the collective goal of cybersecurity. In the military there are several stakeholders that play a key part in cybersecurity with the main ones being; the ones commanding or using the military system, the ones involved in the acquisition, life-cycle management and testing, the authorizing officials, the Chief Information Officer (CIO) and the intelligence and the counterintelligence officers. Accountability and control is, therefore spread out throughout the organization. This, however, leads to the blurring of roles and responsibilities. In conclusion, therefore, even though militaries exist for the purpose of combat most of the time, they operate in relatively peaceful conditions. During these peaceful times, they imagine and manufacture wartime conditions to determine their preparedness and the chances of a victory with the current conditions and resources. A communication plan approach will be able to tear down the expected natural resistance since the leaders will support the proposed changes and even devote resources to see that they are successful. The purpose of the communication plan is to, therefore, make the leaders the advocates for change. This is based on the understanding that in this environment, change is not possible without support from the leadership. Keywords: Cybersecurity, Intelligence, Communication & United States Army
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE AND QUINIDINE SULPHATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Bagde A. S. , Khanvilkar V. V. ,   Department of Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, C.B.D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614, Maharashtra, India.
Published: October 2021

The present work describes a validated reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulphate in pharmaceutical dosage from. The drugs were resolved using Hemochrom Intsil C18-5U column (250×4.6) mm in isocratic mode with mobile phase methanol: water (0.08% diethylamine, 0.02% of glacial acetic acid and pH 4.4 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio of 70:30 V/V at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Retention time of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulphate were 4.9±0.2 and 3.6±0.2, respectively, at 292nm. The above mentioned method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Linear responses were obtained in concentration ranges of 5-35 μg/mL for dextromethorphan hydrobromide and 4-16 μg/mL for quinidine sulphate, with correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.999 for both the drugs. A simple, selective, accurate, precise, robust and reliable RP-HPLC method thus developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulphate.
DEVELOPMENT OF HPTLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF PIOGLITAZONE AND ALOGLIPTIN IN SYNTHETIC MIXTURE
Authors: Shah D. A , Gajjar U , Mehta F. A. , Patel V. B. , Chhalotiya U. K. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, NH-8, Varnama - 391 240, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
Published: October 2021

A precise and accurate HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of pioglitazone HCl (PIO) and alogliptin benzoate (ALO) in synthetic mixture has been developed. The stationary phase selected was Pre-coated TLC plates (silica gel G60 – F254 aluminium sheet) and the mobile phase selected was n-butanol : water : acetic acid (6 : 3 :1 V/V/V). The separated spots were densitometrically analyzed in absorbance mode at 270 nm. The Rf value of PIO and ALO were found to be 0.70 and 0.39, respectively. The calibration curve of PIO and ALO were plotted in the range of 400 – 1600 ng/band, which showed the linear correction coefficient (r2) 0.9971 for PIO and 0.998 for ALO, respectively. The stock solutions of both the drugs were subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, chemical oxidation, dry heat degradation and photo degradation. The degraded product peaks were well resolved from the pure drug peak with significant difference in their Rf values. Stressed samples were assayed using developed HPTLC method. The method was validated as per ICH guideline Q2 (R1) and applied successfully for determination of both drugs in synthetic mixture.
STUDY ON PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ZIZIPHUS XYLOPYRUS
Authors: Mishra U. S. , Murthy P. N , Mahapatra A. K. ,   Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Berhampur, Odisha - 760 002, India.
Published: October 2021

The present study focuses on, screening the anti-bacterial activities of methanol and chloroform extracts of the dried stem barks of Ziziphus xylopyrus. The anti-bacterial activities were evaluated against fifteen different bacterial strains by detecting minimum inhibitory concentration and zone of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were compared with control and zones of inhibition (ZOI) were compared with standard ciprofloxacin at concentration of 100 and 200 μg/mL. Among the two extracts, the methanolic extract showed better antibacterial activity compared to chloroform extract . The MIC values for different bacterial strains obtained were within the range of 100-300 μg/mL. The ZOI values showed that there was a little differences in the ZOI values between the standard and methanol extract within the range of 0.5 to 1mm. This was comparable with the standard drug. Anatomical, proximate analysis and chromatographic studies were also carried out to fulfill the botanical quality control standards.
Mineralizarea și raportul între ionii principali în apele râului Prut
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Bagrin Nina , Zubcov Elena ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

The paper includes the results of mineralization research and the ratio of hydrogen carbonate and carbonate ions – HCO3 - + CO3 -, sulphates – SO4 -, chlorides – Cl-, calcium – Ca2+, magnesium – Mg2+, sodium – Na+ and potassium – K+, in the waters of the Prut River downstream of Costesti-Stinca reservoir (Braniste, Sculeni, Leuseni, Cahul, Cislita Prut, Giurgiulești) in 2020.
Dinamica compușilor azotului mineral în apele râului Prut
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Ciorba Petru
Published: October 2021

In this article the results on the content of mineral nitrogen compounds (ammonium ions, nitrites and nitrates) during 2020 year in the Prut River Braniște – Giurgiulesti sector are presented. In the study is examinated the seasonal dynamics of these parameters in the winter – spring – summer – autumn period. The range of ammonium ions in the waters of the Prut River varies from 0.002 to 0.26 mgN /L, of nitrite – from 0.002 to 0.02 mgN /L and of nitrates – from 0.002 to 0.73 mgN /L, the maximums being lower than in 2009-2010, and much lower than in the 80s-90s of the last century.