bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precisely controlled fabrication, manipulation and in-situ analysis of Cu based nanoparticles
Authors: Martínez L. , Lauwaet K. , Santoro G. , Sobrado J. M. , Peláez R. J. , Herrero V. J. , Tanarro I. , Ellis G. J. , Cernicharo J. , Joblin C. , Huttel Y. , Martín-Gago J. A.
Published: May 2018

The increasing demand for nanostructured materials is mainly motivated by their key role in a wide variety of technologically relevant fields such as biomedicine, green sustainable energy or catalysis. We have succeeded to scale-up a type of gas aggregation source, called a multiple ion cluster source, for the generation of complex, ultra-pure nanoparticles made of different materials. The high production rates achieved (tens of g/day) for this kind of gas aggregation sources, and the inherent ability to control the structure of the nanoparticles in a controlled environment, make this equipment appealing for industrial purposes, a highly coveted aspect since the introduction of this type of sources. Furthermore, our innovative UHV experimental station also includes in-flight manipulation and processing capabilities by annealing, acceleration, or interaction with background gases along with in-situ characterization of the clusters and nanoparticles fabricated. As an example to demonstrate some of the capabilities of this new equipment, herein we present the fabrication of copper nanoparticles and their processing, including the controlled oxidation (from Cu0 to CuO through Cu2O, and their mixtures) at different stages in the machine.
Heparin inhibits intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterial replication by reducing iron levels in human macrophages
Authors: Abreu Rodrigo , Essler Lauren , Loy Allyson , Quinn Frederick , Giri Pramod
Published: May 2018

Iron is a crucial micronutrient for both mammals and their associated pathogens, and extensive literature has shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli inhibited from acquiring iron from the host are severely attenuated. In contrast, increased dietary iron concentrations or patients with hemochromatosis have long been associated with a more severe tuberculosis (TB) disease outcome. We have observed that upon macrophage infection, Mtb bacilli strongly promote intracellular iron sequestration, both through increased expression of hepcidin, a key mammalian iron regulatory protein, and downregulation of the iron exporter protein, ferroportin. Heparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan released by mast cells and basophils at sites of tissue injury. During Mtb infection, heparin alters intracellular trafficking in alveolar epithelial cells and decreases extrapulmonary dissemination but recently, heparin also has been reported to inhibit hepcidin expression in hepatocytes, decreasing intracellular iron availability. In this report, we demonstrate that heparin significantly reduces hepcidin expression in macrophages infected with Mtb bacilli. Heparin-treated macrophages have higher ferroportin expression compared to untreated macrophages, promoting iron export and decreasing iron availability to intracellular bacilli. Thus, here we describe a novel immunomodulatory effect and potential therapeutic role for heparin against mycobacterial infection in human macrophages.
Environmental conditions influence the biochemical properties of the fruiting bodies of Tuber magnatum Pico
Authors: Vita Federico , Franchina Flavio Antonio , Taiti Cosimo , Locato Vittoria , Pennazza Giorgio , Santonico Marco , Purcaro Giorgia , De Gara Laura , Mancuso Stefano , Mondello Luigi , Alpi Amedeo
Published: May 2018

The influences of various factors, including the symbiosis established with the roots of specific tree species, on the production of volatiles in the fruiting bodies of Tuber magnatum have not been investigated yet. Volatiles in T. magnatum fruiting bodies were quantitatively and qualitatively determined by both PTR-MS and GC-MS in order to compare the accuracy of the two methods. An electronic nose was also used to characterize truffle samples. The influence of environmental changes on the antioxidant capabilities of fruiting bodies was also determined. Statistically significant differences were found between fruiting bodies with different origins. The relationship between the quality of white truffle fruiting bodies and their specific host plant is described along with an analysis of metabolites other than VOCs that have ecological roles. Our results indicate that the geographical origin (Italy and Istria) of the fruiting bodies is correlated with the quantity and quality of volatiles and various antioxidant metabolites. This is the first report characterizing antioxidant compounds other than VOCs in white truffles. The correlation between geographical origin and antioxidant contents suggests that these compounds may be useful for certifying the geographical origin of truffles.
Bragg polarization gratings for wide angular bandwidth and high efficiency at steep deflection angles
Authors: Xiang Xiao , Kim Jihwan , Escuti Michael J.
Published: May 2018

Optical films and surfaces using geometric phase are increasingly demonstrating unique and sometimes enhanced performance compared to traditional elements employing propagation phase. Here, we report on a diffraction grating with wider angular bandwidth and significantly higher average first-order efficiency than the nearest prior art of metasurfaces, volume holographic gratings, and surface-relief gratings configured to achieve a steep deflection angle. More specifically, we demonstrate a liquid crystal (LC) polymer Bragg polarization grating (PG) with large angular bandwidth and high efficiency in transmission-mode for 532 nm wavelength and 400 nm period. Angular bandwidth was significantly increased by arranging two slanted grating layers within the same monolithic film. First, we studied the optical properties with simulation and identified a structure with 48° angular bandwidth and 70% average first-order efficiency. Second, we fabricated a sample using a photo-aligned chiral nematic LC, where the two grating slants were controlled by the chiral dopants. We measured 40° angular bandwidth, 76% average efficiency, and 96% peak efficiency. Strong input polarization sensitivity (300:1 contrast) and spectral bandwidth (200 nm) mostly matched prior PGs. This approach is especially advantageous for augmented-reality systems and nonmechanical beam steering.
OSM-9 and an amiloride-sensitive channel, but not PKD-2, are involved in mechanosensation in C. elegans male ray neurons
Authors: Zhang Hu , Yue Xiaomin , Cheng Hankui , Zhang Xiaoyan , Cai Yang , Zou Wenjuan , Huang Guifang , Cheng Lufeng , Ye Fang , Kang Lijun
Published: May 2018

Mechanotransduction is crucial for touch sensation, hearing, proprioception, and pain sensing. In C. elegans, male ray neurons have been implicated to be involved in the mechanosensation required for mating behavior. However, whether ray neurons directly sense mechanical stimulation is not yet known, and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been identified. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we recorded the touch-induced calcium responses in male ray neurons. Our data demonstrated that ray neurons are sensitive to mechanical stimulation in a neurotransmitter-independent manner. PKD-2, a putative sensor component for both mechanosensation and chemosensation in male-specific neurons, was not required for the touch-induced calcium responses in RnB neurons, whereas the TRPV channel OSM-9 shaped the kinetics of the responses. We further showed that RnB-neuron mechanosensation is likely mediated by an amiloride-sensitive DEG/ENaC channel. These observations lay a foundation for better understanding the molecular mechanisms of mechanosensation.
Cardiac Sympathetic Activity differentiates Idiopathic and Symptomatic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder
Authors: Barateau Lucie , Jaussent Isabelle , Lopez Régis , Evangelista Elisa , Chenini Sofiene , Benkiran Meriem , Mariano-Goulart Denis , Dauvilliers Yves
Published: May 2018

The pathophysiology of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) associated with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is still poorly understood, potentially distinct from idiopathic RBD (iRBD), but may share affected common pathways. We investigated whether MIBG cardiac uptake differs between iRBD and NT1 comorbid with RBD. Thirty-four patients with NT1-RBD and 15 patients with iRBD underwent MIBG cardiac scintigraphy. MIBG uptake was measured by calculating the early and delayed heart to mediastinum (H/M) ratios. A delayed H/M ratio lower than 1.46 was considered abnormal based on a population of 78 subjects without neurological or cardiac diseases. Patients with iRBD were older, had an older RBD onset age and higher REM sleep phasic and tonic muscular activities than NT1-RBD. Lower delayed and early H/M ratios were associated with iRBD, but not with NT1-RBD, in crude and adjusted associations. The delayed H/M ratio differed between iRBD and controls, after adjustment, but not between patients with NT1-RBD and controls. In conclusion, the MIBG cardiac uptake difference between NT1-RBD and iRBD supports the hypothesis of different processes involved in RBD pathogenesis, providing for the first time a cardiac biomarker to differentiate those disorders.
Alterations of proteome, mitochondrial dynamic and autophagy in the hypothalamus during activity-based anorexia
Authors: Nobis Séverine , Goichon Alexis , Achamrah Najate , Guérin Charlène , Azhar Saida , Chan Philippe , Morin Aline , Bôle-Feysot Christine , do Rego Jean Claude , Vaudry David , Déchelotte Pierre , Belmonte Liliana , Coëffier Moïse
Published: May 2018

Restrictive anorexia nervosa is associated with reduced eating and severe body weight loss leading to a cachectic state. Hypothalamus plays a major role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. In the present study, alterations of hypothalamic proteome and particularly of proteins involved in energy and mitochondrial metabolism have been observed in female activity-based anorexia (ABA) mice that exhibited a reduced food intake and a severe weight loss. In the hypothalamus, mitochondrial dynamic was also modified during ABA with an increase of fission without modification of fusion. In addition, increased dynamin-1, and LC3II/LC3I ratio signed an activation of autophagy while protein synthesis was increased. In conclusion, proteomic analysis revealed an adaptive hypothalamic protein response in ABA female mice with both altered mitochondrial response and activated autophagy.
Interleukin 17 enhances bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced ectopic bone formation
Authors: Croes M. , Kruyt M. C. , Groen W. M. , van Dorenmalen K. M. A. , Dhert W. J. A. , Öner F. C. , Alblas J.
Published: May 2018

Interleukin 17 (IL-17) stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells in vitro through a synergy with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. This study investigates whether the diverse responses mediated by IL-17 in vivo also lead to enhanced BMP-2-induced bone formation. Since IL-17 is known to induce osteoclastogenesis, we studied the interactions between IL-17 and BMP-2 in ceramic scaffolds either or not carrying a coating with the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZOL). Histological evaluation revealed that IL-17 alone did not induce any osteoclasts at day 10. On the other hand, BMP-2 clearly stimulated early tissue ingrowth and osteoclastogenesis. Both of these processes were blocked in presence of ZOL. IL-17 signaling restored early vascularized connective tissue formation and osteoclastogenesis induced by BMP-2 in ZOL-coated scaffolds. After 12 weeks, the bone volume induced by co-delivery of BMP-2 and IL-17 was doubled as compared to that induced by BMP-2 alone. We conclude that IL-17 has osteo-stimulatory effects through a synergy with bone-inductive BMP-2. Although local and single application of IL-17 does not mediate osteoclast formation, it could promote other processes involved in bone formation such as connective tissue ingrowth. The use of IL-17 may contribute to the development of improved bone graft substitutes.
Alterations in Cell Motility, Proliferation, and Metabolism in Novel Models of Acquired Temozolomide Resistant Glioblastoma
Authors: Tiek D. M. , Rone J. D. , Graham G. T. , Pannkuk E. L. , Haddad B. R. , Riggins R. B.
Published: May 2018

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable tumor of the brain with limited treatment options. Current first-line standard of care is the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), but this treatment strategy adds only ~4 months to median survival due to the rapid development of resistance. While some mechanisms of TMZ resistance have been identified, they are not fully understood. There are few effective strategies to manage therapy resistant GBM, and we lack diverse preclinical models of acquired TMZ resistance in which to test therapeutic strategies on TMZ resistant GBM. In this study, we create and characterize two new GBM cell lines resistant to TMZin vitro, based on the 8MGBA and 42MGBA cell lines. Analysis of the TMZ resistant (TMZres) variants in conjunction with their parental, sensitive cell lines shows that acquisition of TMZ resistance is accompanied by broad phenotypic changes, including increased proliferation, migration, chromosomal aberrations, and secretion of cytosolic lipids. Importantly, each TMZ resistant model captures a different facet of the “go” (8MGBA-TMZres) or “grow” (42MGBA-TMZres) hypothesis of GBM behavior. Thesein vitromodel systems will be important additions to the available tools for investigators seeking to define molecular mechanisms of acquired TMZ resistance.
The mechanical microenvironment regulates ovarian cancer cell morphology, migration, and spheroid disaggregation
Authors: McKenzie Andrew J. , Hicks Stephanie R. , Svec Kathryn V. , Naughton Hannah , Edmunds Zöe L. , Howe Alan K.
Published: May 2018

There is growing appreciation of the importance of the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment on disease progression. However, the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and cellular mechanotransduction in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of substrate rigidity on various aspects of SKOV3 human EOC cell morphology and migration. Young’s modulus values of normal mouse peritoneum, a principal target tissue for EOC metastasis, were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and hydrogels were fabricated to mimic these values. We find that cell spreading, focal adhesion formation, myosin light chain phosphorylation, and cellular traction forces all increase on stiffer matrices. Substrate rigidity also positively regulates random cell migration and, importantly, directional increases in matrix tension promote SKOV3 cell durotaxis. Matrix rigidity also promotes nuclear translocation of YAP1, an oncogenic transcription factor associated with aggressive metastatic EOC. Furthermore, disaggregation of multicellular EOC spheroids, a behavior associated with dissemination and metastasis, is enhanced by matrix stiffness through a mechanotransduction pathway involving ROCK, actomyosin contractility, and FAK. Finally, this pattern of mechanosensitivity is maintained in highly metastatic SKOV3ip.1 cells. These results establish that the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment may play a role in EOC metastasis.
Transformation Paths from Cubic to Low-Symmetry Structures in Heusler Ni2MnGa Compound
Authors: Zelený Martin , Straka Ladislav , Sozinov Alexei , Heczko Oleg
Published: May 2018

In order to explain the formation of low-temperature phases in stoichiometric Ni2MnGa magnetic shape memory alloy, we investigate the phase transformation paths from cubic austenite with Heusler structure to low-symmetry martensitic structures. We used ab initio calculations combined with the generalized solid state nudged elastic band method to determine the minimum energy path and corresponding changes in crystal lattice. The four-, five-, and seven-layered modulated phases of martensite (4O, 10M, and 14M) are built as the relaxed nanotwinned non-modulated (NM) phase. Despite having a total energy larger than the other martensitic phases, the 10M phase will spontaneously form at 0 K, because there is no energy barrier on the path and the energy decreases with a large negative slope. Moreover, a similar negative slope in the beginning of path is found also for the transformation to the 6M premartensite, which appears as a local minimum on the path leading further to 10M martensite. Transformation paths to other structures exhibit more or less significant barriers in the beginning hindering such a transformation from austenite. These findings correspond to experiment and demonstrates that the kinetics of the transformation is decisive for the selection of the particular low-symmetry structure.
Preclinical outcomes of Intratumoral Modulation Therapy for glioblastoma
Authors: Di Sebastiano Andrea R. , Deweyert Andrew , Benoit Simon , Iredale Erin , Xu Hu , De Oliveira Cleusa , Wong Eugene , Schmid Susanne , Hebb Matthew O.
Published: May 2018

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the leading cause of high fatality cancer arising within the adult brain. Electrotherapeutic approaches offer new promise for GBM treatment by exploiting innate vulnerabilities of cancer cells to low intensity electric fields. This report describes the preclinical outcomes of a novel electrotherapeutic strategy called Intratumoral Modulation Therapy (IMT) that uses an implanted stimulation system to deliver sustained, titratable, low intensity electric fields directly across GBM-affected brain regions. This pilot technology was applied to in vitro and animal models demonstrating significant and marked reduction in tumor cell viability and a cumulative impact of concurrent IMT and chemotherapy in GBM. No off target neurological effects were observed in treated subjects. Computational modeling predicted IMT field optimization as a means to further bolster treatment efficacy. This sentinel study provides new support for defining the potential of IMT strategies as part of a more effective multimodality treatment platform for GBM.
Silk fibroin micro-particle scaffolds with superior compression modulus and slow bioresorption for effective bone regeneration
Authors: Nisal Anuya , Sayyad Raeesa , Dhavale Prachi , Khude Bhakti , Deshpande Rucha , Mapare Vidhyashri , Shukla Swati , Venugopalan Premnath
Published: May 2018

Silk fibroin (SF), a natural polymer produced by Bombyx mori silkworms, has been extensively explored to prepare porous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Here, we demonstrate, a scaffold made of SF, which exhibits compression modulus comparable to natural cancellous bone while retaining the appropriate porosities and interconnected pore architecture. The scaffolds also exhibit high resistance to in-vitro proteolytic degradation due to the dominant beta sheet conformation of the SF protein. Additionally, the scaffolds are prepared using a simple method of microparticle aggregation. We also demonstrate, for the first time, a method to prepare SF micro-particles using a Hexafluoroisopropanol-Methanol solvent-coagulant combination. SF microparticles obtained using this method are monodisperse, spherical, non-porous and extremely crystalline. These micro-particles have been further aggregated together to form a 3D scaffold. The aggregation is achieved by random packing of these microparticles and fusing them together using a dilute SF solution. Preliminary in-vitro cell culture and in-vivo implantation studies demonstrate that the scaffolds are biocompatible and they exhibit the appropriate early markers, making them promising candidates for bone regeneration.
Interplay of grounding-line dynamics and sub-shelf melting during retreat of the Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream
Authors: Petrini Michele , Colleoni Florence , Kirchner Nina , Hughes Anna L. C. , Camerlenghi Angelo , Rebesco Michele , Lucchi Renata G. , Forte Emanuele , Colucci Renato R. , Noormets Riko
Published: May 2018

The Barents Sea Ice Sheet was a marine-based ice sheet, i.e., it rested on the Barents Sea floor during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 ky BP). The Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream was the largest ice stream draining the Barents Sea Ice Sheet and is regarded as an analogue for contemporary ice streams in West Antarctica. Here, the retreat of the Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream is simulated by means of two numerical ice sheet models and results assessed against geological data. We investigate the sensitivity of the ice stream to changes in ocean temperature and the impact of grounding-line physics on ice stream retreat. Our results suggest that the role played by sub-shelf melting depends on how the grounding-line physics is represented in the models. When an analytic constraint on the ice flux across the grounding line is applied, the retreat of Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream is primarily driven by internal ice dynamics rather than by oceanic forcing. This suggests that implementations of grounding-line physics need to be carefully assessed when evaluating and predicting the response of contemporary marine-based ice sheets and individual ice streams to ongoing and future ocean warming.
The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Follicular Bronchiolitis in Chinese Adult Patients
Authors: Lu Ju , Ma Miao , Zhao Qi , Meng Fanqing , Wang Dongmei , Cai Hourong , Cao Mengshu
Published: May 2018

Follicular bronchiolitis (FB) is a rare interstitial lung disease (ILD) and has been reported in diverse clinical contexts. Six FB patients demonstrated by surgical lung biopsy (SLB) were reviewed between 2009 and 2017 from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital in China. The average age of subjects was 42 years old (range: 31–55 years). The clinical symptoms were very mild. The laboratory findings showed elevated Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum globulin and anemia. Pulmonary function tests were normal in four cases. Five cases had underlying diseases, such as, Sjo¨gren’s syndrome, multi-centric castlemans’ disease, idiopathic pneumonia with autoimmune features and abscess. Five cases presented as interstitial lung disease (ILD) on chest imaging with centrilobular or peribronchiolar nodules, ground glass opacities, interlobular septal thickening, cysts and bronchiectasis. Isolated mass was in one patient. The histopathology suggested the changes of FB in all subjects. Prednisone and/or cyclophosphamide were used in four cases, one did the surgery and the other was clinically monitored. All cases were alive at the end of follow up. The adult patients of FB usually have mild symptoms, ILD and underlying diseases. The definite diagnosis needs SLB. The prognosis is depended on their underlying conditions.
High-efficiency chiral meta-lens
Authors: Groever Benedikt , Rubin Noah A. , Mueller J. P. Balthasar , Devlin Robert C. , Capasso Federico
Published: May 2018

We present here a compact metasurface lens element that enables simultaneous and spatially separated imaging of light of opposite circular polarization states. The design overcomes a limitation of previous chiral lenses reliant on the traditional geometric phase approach by allowing for independent focusing of both circular polarizations without a 50% efficiency trade-off. We demonstrate circular polarization-dependent imaging at visible wavelengths with polarization contrast greater than 20dB and efficiencies as high as 70%.
Distributed representation of pelvic floor muscles in human motor cortex
Authors: Yani Moheb S. , Wondolowski Joyce H. , Eckel Sandrah P. , Kulig Kornelia , Fisher Beth E. , Gordon James E. , Kutch Jason J.
Published: May 2018

Human motor cortex can activate pelvic floor muscles (PFM), but the motor cortical representation of the PFM is not well characterized. PFM representation is thought to be focused in the supplementary motor area (SMA). Here we examine the degree to which PFM representation is distributed between SMA and the primary motor cortex (M1), and how this representation is utilized to activate the PFM in different coordination patterns. We show that two types of coordination patterns involving PFM can be voluntarily accessed: one activates PFM independently of synergists and a second activates PFM prior to and in proportion with synergists (in this study, the gluteus maximus muscle – GMM). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed that both coordination patterns involve overlapping activation in SMA and M1, suggesting the presence of intermingled but independent neural populations that access the different patterns. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) confirmed SMA and M1 representation for the PFM. TMS also showed that, equally for SMA and M1, PFM can be activated during rest but GMM can only be activated after voluntary drive to GMM, suggesting that these populations are distinguished by activation threshold. We conclude that PFM representation is broadly distributed in SMA and M1 in humans.
Modularity promotes morphological divergence in ray-finned fishes
Authors: Larouche Olivier , Zelditch Miriam L. , Cloutier Richard
Published: May 2018

Modularity is considered a prerequisite for the evolvability of biological systems. This is because in theory, individual modules can follow quasi-independent evolutionary trajectories or evolve at different rates compared to other aspects of the organism. This may influence the potential of some modules to diverge, leading to differences in disparity. Here, we investigated this relationship between modularity, rates of morphological evolution and disparity using a phylogenetically diverse sample of ray-finned fishes. We compared the support for multiple hypotheses of evolutionary modularity and asked if the partitions delimited by the best-fitting models were also characterized by the highest evolutionary rate differentials. We found that an evolutionary module incorporating the dorsal, anal and paired fins was well supported by the data, and that this module evolves more rapidly and consequently generates more disparity than other modules. This suggests that modularity may indeed promote morphological disparity through differences in evolutionary rates across modules.
Tenascin-C derived signaling induces neuronal differentiation in a three-dimensional peptide nanofiber gel
Authors: Sever Melike , Gunay Gokhan , Guler Mustafa O. , Tekinay Ayse B.
Published: May 2018

The development of new biomaterials mimicking the neuronal extracellular matrix (ECM) requires signals for the induction of neuronal differentiation and regeneration.
Speciation and reactivity of heptavalent technetium in strong acids
Authors: Poineau Frederic , Burton-Pye Benjamin P. , Sattelberger Alfred P. , Czerwinski Kenneth R. , German Konstantin E. , Fattahi Massoud
Published: May 2018

The speciation of Tc(vii) and its reactivity with H2O2, methanol and H2S in H2SO4, HClO4and HNO3is reviewed.
Towards wireless highly sensitive capacitive strain sensors based on gold colloidal nanoparticles
Authors: Nesser H. , Grisolia J. , Alnasser T. , Viallet B. , Ressier L.
Published: May 2018

Highly sensitive capacitive strain sensors based on colloidal gold nanoparticles are designed, produced and characterized in order to address wireless applications.
New perspectives for triplet–triplet annihilation based photon upconversion using all-organic energy donor & acceptor chromophores
Authors: Manna Manoj K. , Shokri Siamak , Wiederrecht Gary P. , Gosztola David J. , Ayitou A. Jean-Luc
Published: May 2018

Tuning the structural complementarities of organic donor and accepter chromophores for photonic amplification.
Highly selective and efficient reduction of CO2 to CO on cadmium electrodes derived from cadmium hydroxide
Authors: Shi Jinbiao , Shao Dan , Zhang Jianling , Tan Dongxing , Tan Xiuniang , Zhang Bingxing , Han Buxing , Zhang Fanyu , Liu Lifei , Cheng Xiuyan
Published: May 2018

A non-noble cadmium electrode was synthesized via an electrolysis strategy, which can electroreduce carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide with high selectivity and efficiency.
Synchronous synthesis of Kirkendall effect induced hollow FeSe2/C nanospheres as anodes for high performance sodium ion batteries
Authors: Lan Yang , Zhou Jianbin , Xu Kangli , Lu Yue , Zhang Kailong , Zhu Linqin , Qian Yitai
Published: May 2018

Facilely synthesized Kirkendall effect induced hollow FeSe2/C nanospheres exhibit excellent electrochemical performance as an anode for sodium ion batteries.
Hydrogen-atom tunneling through a very high barrier; spontaneous thiol → thione conversion in thiourea isolated in low-temperature Ar, Ne, H2and D2matrices
Authors: Rostkowska Hanna , Lapinski Leszek , Nowak Maciej J.
Published: May 2018

Hydrogen-atom tunneling in thiourea involves breaking of the S–H chemical bond and the formation of a new N–H bond.
Effect of π-bridge units on properties of A–π–D–π–A-type nonfullerene acceptors for organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Yan-Ling , Li Quan-Song , Li Ze-Sheng
Published: May 2018

We theoretically designed efficient nonfullerene acceptors (P2 and P5) with lower LUMO energies and higher electron transport abilities for OSCs.
Greatly changed performance of a metal Pd catalyst by a rather easily formed and removed species–PdHx
Authors: Yan Hongxu , Liu Yunyi , Zhang Tao , Jin Ze , Wang Ming , Xie Ying Peng , Guo Hongfan
Published: May 2018

Some Pd atoms in metal Pd catalyst can adsorb hydrogen element to form PdHx species under normal conditions during catalyst preparation and catalytic reaction, which boosts HCOOH dehydrogenation (FAD) to produce H2, but greatly poisons the chemical reduction by FAD.
ZnO nanowire arrays decorated with PtO nanowires for efficient solar water splitting
Authors: Fu Shurong , Zhang Beibei , Hu Hongyan , Zhang Yajun , Bi Yingpu
Published: May 2018

Vertically-oriented PtO nanowires have been selectively grown on ZnO nanowire arrays for the first time by a light-controlled method and were utilized as highly efficient OER cocatalysts for remarkably enhancing the PEC performance of water splitting.
Electrodeposited-film electrodes derived from a precursor dinitrosyl iron complex for electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Li Wei-Liang , Chiou Tzung-Wen , Chen Chien-Hong , Yu Yi-Ju , Chu Li-Kang , Liaw Wen-Feng
Published: May 2018

In artificial photosynthesis, water splitting plays an important role for the conversion and storage of renewable energy sources.
Highly efficient bluish green organic light-emitting diodes of iridium(iii) complexes with low efficiency roll-off
Authors: Su Ning , Wu Zheng-Guang , Zheng You-Xuan
Published: May 2018

Two efficient bluish green iridium(iii) complexes were applied as emitters in the organic light-emitting diodes, which showing high current efficiency of 58.17 cd A−1 and external quantum efficiency of 25.33% with low efficiency roll-off.
“Two-in-one” organic–inorganic hybrid MnII complexes exhibiting dual-emissive phosphorescence
Authors: Berezin Alexey S. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Brel Valery K. , Artem'ev Alexander V.
Published: May 2018

A family of “two-in-one” dual-emissive complexes, [Mn(L)3]MnHal4, containing octahedral and tetrahedral Mn2+ ions in the single structure, is introduced.
Mesoporous germanium nanoparticles synthesized in molten zinc chloride at low temperature as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Xianyu , Lin Ning , Cai Wenlong , Zhao Yingyue , Zhou Jianbin , Liang Jianwen , Zhu Yongchun , Qian Yitai
Published: May 2018

The mesoporous germanium nanoparticles are prepared by a “metathesis” reaction of magnesium germanide (Mg2Ge) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2), and they exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries.
Boron-based donor-spiro-acceptor compounds exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)
Authors: Stanoppi Marco , Lorbach Andreas
Published: May 2018

We present highly luminescent borylated 2-phenylpyridines, which exhibit tunable delayed fluorescence due to their donor-spiro-acceptor architecture.
Water permeation across artificial I-quartet membrane channels: from structure to disorder
Authors: Murail Samuel , Vasiliu Tudor , Neamtu Andrei , Barboiu Mihail , Sterpone Fabio , Baaden Marc
Published: May 2018

Investigation of water dynamics during permeation events through I-quartet membrane channels in ordered and disordered systems.
Proton transfer in guanine–cytosine base pair analogues studied by NMR spectroscopy and PIMD simulations
Authors: Pohl Radek , Socha Ondřej , Slavíček Petr , Šála Michal , Hodgkinson Paul , Dračínský Martin
Published: May 2018

NMR isotope shifts provide a unique possibility to study the nuclear quantum effects of hydrogen-bonded nucleobases.
Catechin supplemented in a FOS diet induces weight loss by altering cecal microbiota and gene expression of colonic epithelial cells
Authors: Luo Jianming , Han Lulu , Liu Liu , Gao Lijuan , Xue Bin , Wang Yong , Ou Shiyi , Miller Michael , Peng Xichun
Published: May 2018

The present study showed that catechin controlled rats’ body weights by altering gut microbiota and gene expression of colonic epithelial cells when supplemented into a high-fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) diet.
Novel nano-dyad of homoleptic sandwich-type phthalocyanines with nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots for nonlinear optics
Authors: Oluwole David O. , Nwaji Njemuwa , Nene Lindokhuhle C. , Mokone Lesedi , Dube Edith , Nyokong Tebello
Published: May 2018

The synthesis and nonlinear optical (NLO) behaviour of three novel double decker sandwich-type phthalocyanine complexes and their conjugates with nitrogen doped graphene dots (NGQDs) were reported herein. The conjugates afforded the most efficient NLO behaviour.
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of (E)-2,3-diaryl-5-styryl-trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-based scaffolds and their in vitro and in silico evaluation as a novel sub-family of potential allosteric modulators of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90)
Authors: Bassanini Ivan , D'Annessa Ilda , Costa Massimo , Monti Daniela , Colombo Giorgio , Riva Sergio
Published: May 2018

Efficient chemo-enzymatic synthesis of dihydrobenzofurans and evaluation of their activities towards the protein Hsp90.
A homodinuclear cobalt complex for the catalytic asymmetric Michael reaction of β-ketoesters to nitroolefins
Authors: Chen Guanghui , Liang Guojuan , Wang Yiwu , Deng Ping , Zhou Hui
Published: May 2018

A homodinuclear Co2/aminophenol sulfonamide complex has been developed for the asymmetric Michael reaction.
Belamchinenin A, an unprecedented tricyclic-fused triterpenoid with cytotoxicity from Belamcanda chinensis
Authors: Ni Gang , Li Jia-Yuan , Yu De-Quan
Published: May 2018

Herein we report an unprecedented tricyclic-fused triterpenoid, which features a rigid and half-caged tricyclic nucleus. The absolute configuration of the tricyclic nucleus of 1 was unequivocally assigned by ECD calculation.
Direct functionalization of alkyl ethers to construct hemiaminal ether skeletons (HESs)
Authors: Dian Longyang , Xing Qingyu , Zhang-Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei
Published: May 2018

In this review, we focus on the recent progress in developing various pathways to construct hemiaminal ether skeletons (HESs) via the direct functionalization of alkyl ethers.
Gold-catalyzed C5-alkylation of indolines and sequential oxidative aromatization: access to C5-functionalized indoles
Authors: Zhang Wenzheng , Xu Guangyang , Qiu Lin , Sun Jiangtao
Published: May 2018

A novel protocol towards the rapid assembly of C5-alkylated indole derivatives has been developed via gold-catalyzed regioselective functionalization and subsequent oxidative aromatization.
Cascade double isocyanide insertion and C–N coupling of 2-iodo-2′-isocyano-1,1′-biphenyls
Authors: Sun Hongwei , Tang Shi , Li Dengke , Zhou Yali , Huang Jinbo , Zhu Qiang
Published: May 2018

This reaction provides the first example of using a functionalized isocyanide in double insertion to construct nitrogen-containing heterocyclic systems.
Metal-free direct oxidative C–C bond coupling of pyrazolones and quinoxalinones
Authors: Toonchue Saowanee , Sumunnee Ladawan , Phomphrai Khamphee , Yotphan Sirilata
Published: May 2018

An efficient oxidative dehydrogenative coupling of quinoxalinones and pyrazolones has been successfully developed using a readily available persulfate oxidant. This protocol provides facile access to a wide array of hydroxy-pyrazolyl quinoxalinones in good to excellent yields.
Green approaches in the synthesis of furan-based diepoxy monomers
Authors: Marotta Angela , Ambrogi Veronica , Cerruti Pierfrancesco , Mija Alice
Published: May 2018

Two eco-respectful, one-step synthetic routes for the preparation of a bio-based epoxy monomer derived from furan precursors are developed.
A bright FIT-PNA hybridization probe for the hybridization state specific analysis of a C → U RNA edit via FRET in a binary system
Authors: Fang Ge-min , Chamiolo Jasmine , Kankowski Svenja , Hövelmann Felix , Friedrich Dhana , Löwer Alexander , Meier Jochen C. , Seitz Oliver
Published: May 2018

Three states in one blow: a FRET relay system distinguishes between (i) the absence of RNA target, (ii) the presence of C → U edited RNA or (iii) unedited RNA target by means of ratio measurements.
Deswelling behaviour of ionic microgel particles from low to ultra-high densities
Authors: Nöjd Sofi , Holmqvist Peter , Boon Niels , Obiols-Rabasa Marc , Mohanty Priti S. , Schweins Ralf , Schurtenberger Peter
Published: May 2018

The swelling of ionic microgel particles is measured at a wide range of concentrations using a combination of light, X-ray and neutron scattering techniques. Theoretical modeling as well as simulations are used to interpret the data.
Synchronization of self-propelled soft pendulums
Authors: Nakata Satoshi , Kayahara Katsuhiko , Kuze Masakazu , Ginder Elliott , Nagayama Masaharu , Nishimori Hiraku
Published: May 2018

We investigated self-propelled motions of thin filaments atop water, where we focused on understanding pendulum-type oscillations and synchronization.
High-strain slide-ring shape-memory polycaprolactone-based polyurethane
Authors: Wu Ruiqing , Lai Jingjuan , Pan Yi , Zheng Zhaohui , Ding Xiaobin
Published: May 2018

To enable shape-memory polymer networks to achieve recoverable high deformability with a simultaneous high shape-fixity ratio and shape-recovery ratio, novel semi-crystalline slide-ring shape-memory polycaprolactone-based polyurethane (SR-SMPCLU) with movable net-points constructed by a topologically interlocked slide-ring structure was designed and fabricated.
An efficient synthesis of NaA zeolite membranes from direct crystallization of gel-dipped macroporous alumina tubes with seeds
Authors: Pan Shuxiang , Meng Xiangju , Wang Zhengbao , Yan Yushan , Xiao Feng-Shou
Published: May 2018

An efficient and sustainable synthesis of NaA zeolite membranes from direct crystallization of gel-dipped macroporous alumina tubes with seeds.
In3+-doped BiVO4 photoanodes with passivated surface states for photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Zhong Xiaohui , He Huichao , Yang Minji , Ke Gaili , Zhao Zongyan , Dong Faqin , Wang Bowen , Chen Yaqi , Shi Xianying , Zhou Yong
Published: May 2018

In3+-doped BiVO4 film photoanodes with passivated surface states for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation.
Fast and stable lithium-ion storage kinetics of anatase titanium dioxide/carbon onion hybrid electrodes
Authors: Lim Eunho , Shim Hwirim , Fleischmann Simon , Presser Volker
Published: May 2018

In this work, we report on nanosized anatase TiO2/carbon onion hybrid materials (nano-TiO2–C) as a rapid and stable lithium insertion host easily synthesized by tailored sol–gel chemistry.
Prediction of two-dimensional nodal-line semimetals in a carbon nitride covalent network
Authors: Chen Haiyuan , Zhang Shunhong , Jiang Wei , Zhang Chunxiao , Guo Heng , Liu Zheng , Wang Zhiming , Liu Feng , Niu Xiaobin
Published: May 2018

2D NLSM in carbon nitride covalent network.
A high-efficiency ultrafiltration nanofibrous membrane with remarkable antifouling and antibacterial ability
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Du Xuan-ang , Liu Yang , Ju Yanyun , Song Shaokun , Dong Lijie
Published: May 2018

The amphiphilic multi-arm f-PPTA modified ultrafiltration membrane exhibited super-high permeate flux, and remarkable antifouling ability and antibacterial activity.
Silicon phthalocyanines as N-type semiconductors in organic thin film transistors
Authors: Melville Owen A. , Grant Trevor M. , Lessard Benoît H.
Published: May 2018

The first example of Silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). This study outlines the need for careful selection of processing conditions for optimized performance.
Simultaneously improving the mechanical strength and electromagnetic interference shielding of carbon/carbon composites by electrophoretic deposition of SiC nanowires
Authors: Shen Qingliang , Li Hejun , Lin Hongjiao , Li Lu , Li Wei , Song Qiang
Published: May 2018

Electrophoretic deposition of SiC nanowires in C/C composites reinforces the matrix and creates additional conduction paths in the matrix.
Thermoelectric transport properties of rock-salt SnSe: first-principles investigation
Authors: Wang Dongyang , He Wenke , Chang Cheng , Wang Guangtao , Wang Jinfeng , Zhao Li-Dong
Published: May 2018

Rock-salt SnSe is a new promising thermoelectric material.
Effect of silane coating containing SiC nanoparticles on the corrosion behaviour of stainless steel 304
Authors: Mokhtarian Javad , Allafchian Alireza , Atapour Masoud
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the present research was to address the corrosion protection of silane‐based coatings which were positioned on the 304 stainless steel substrate in a 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. To this aim, tetraethoxysilane, 3‐(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles were coated onto the 304 stainless steel substrate using the sol–gel deposition method. Accordingly, the corrosion behaviour of the bare metal and the coated substrates was assessed through conducting potentiodynamic polarisation tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, for the evaluation of surface properties, scanning electron microscope, a field emission scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction and attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometer were employed. The result obtained by corrosion studies revealed that the silane coating containing SiC nanoparticles exhibited superior corrosion resistance than the bare 304 stainless steel. A homogenous and highly adherent protective nanostructure coating was produced on the stainless steel substrates by the silane coating including nanoparticles.
Directing Methylene Oxidation towards Azaheterocycles by Transition-Metal and Organic Catalysis
Authors: Van Humbeck Jeffrey
Published: May 2018

A combination of transition-metal and organic catalysis has been used to deliver a system that can selectively oxidize benzylic methylene groups adjacent to azaheterocycles in preference to other positions that are typically more reactive. Here, we provide more background and context that describes what inspired our approach to catalyst development.

1 Introduction

2 Site-Selective Methylene Oxidation

3 Literature Inspiration for Design Plan

4 Combined Ligand/Metal/HAT Catalyst Effects

5 Perspectives for Future Work
Factores de riesgo y síndrome del túnel carpiano en el entorno laboral
Authors: Sutil Blanco Ángel , Bernaldo de Quirós Ramos Silvia , Varillas Delgado David , García de Lucas Fernando
Published: May 2018

Introducción Las neuropatías compresivas son las patologías neurológicas periféricas más frecuentes del miembro superior, suponiendo una de las principales causas de pérdida de días laborales. El síndrome del túnel del carpo (STC), es la más frecuente, y se produce por un atrapamiento del nervio mediano a su paso por el túnel carpiano resultando en un daño de tipo isquémico y mecánico. El objetivo de este estudio, fue investigar la relación causal entre la exposición a distintos factores de riesgo laborales y el STC en nuestro medio.

Material y Método Estudio descriptivo, observacional de casos-control restrospectivo. Doscientos veinte pacientes fueron diagnosticados con STC en el área de influencia de nuestro centro hospitalario. Se efectuó tratamiento quirúrgico en pacientes con manifestaciones clínico-electroneurofisiológicas de intensidad moderada-severa y falta de respuesta a medidas conservadoras.

Resultados  Noventa y un pacientes fueron hombres (41,4%) y 129 mujeres (58,6%), todos en edad laboral, con una edad media de 45,26 años. El 85% presentaban alta repetición de movimientos de la muñeca. La mayoría presentaba afectada la extremidad dominante. Fueron intervenidos mediante descompresión quirúrgica 191 pacientes y 29 se trataron con medidas conservadoras. Se estudió la prevalencia del STC según los distintos gremios de trabajadores y factores de riesgo.

Conclusión Existe un mayor riesgo en profesiones con elevada repetición de movimientos de muñeca, de padecer STC con respecto a las profesiones que tienen baja repetición. La afectación de la mano no dominante tiene un riesgo menor que la mano dominante o la bilateral. El sexo femenino, obesidad, diabetes, artritis reumatoide e hiperuricemia, presentan mayor riesgo de STC, aunque no estadísticamente significativo. Como conclusión, existen determinadas profesiones que pueden aumentar el riesgo de padecer este síndrome, así como patologías endocrinas. Sin embargo, no se puede asumir que exista una relación causal suficiente para desencadenarlo.
Vascularized Bone Grafting for Reconstruction of Oncologic Defects in the Spine: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Pedreira Rachel , Siotos Charalampos , Cho Brian , Seal Stella , Bhat Deepa , Carl Hannah , Seu Michelle , Wolinksy J. , Sacks Justin
Published: May 2018

Background Resection of primary spinal tumors requires reconstruction for restoration of spinal column stability. Traditionally, some combination of bone grafting and instrumentation is implemented. However, delayed healing environments are associated with pseudoarthrodesis and failure. Implementation of vascularized bone grafting (VBG) to complement hardware may present a solution. We evaluated the use of VBG in oncologic spinal reconstruction via systematic review and pooled analysis of literature.

Methods We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus for studies published through September 2017 according to the PRISMA guidelines and performed a pooled analysis of studies with n > 5. Additionally, we performed retrospective review of patients at the Johns Hopkins Hospital that received spinal reconstruction with VBG.

Results We identified 21 eligible studies and executed a pooled analysis of 12. Analysis indicated an 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–1.03) rate of successful union when VBG is employed after primary tumor resection. The overall complication rate was 42% (95% CI: 0.23–0.61) and reoperation rate was 27% (95% CI: 0.12–0.41) in the pooled cohort. Wound complication rate was 18% (95% CI: 0.11–0.26). Fifteen out of 209 patients (7.2%) had instrumentation failure and mean time-to-union was 6 months. Consensus in the literature and in the patients reviewed is that introduction of VBG into irradiated or infected tissue beds proves advantageous given decreased resorption, increased load bearing, and faster consolidation. Downsides to this technique included longer operations, donor-site morbidity, and difficulty in coordinating care.

Conclusions Our results demonstrate that complication rates using VBG are similar to those reported in studies using non-VBG for similar spinal reconstructions; however, fusion rates are better. Given rapid fusion and possible hardware independence, VBG may be useful in reconstructing defects in patients with longer life expectancies and/or with a history of chemoradiation and/or infection at the site of tumor resection.