bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De novo fabrication of oral insulin-loaded chitosan/dextrin/pectin nanospheres and their antidiabetic efficacy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors:   Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, BeniSuef University, Egypt, Mohammed S. R. , Abdel-Moneim A. ,   Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, BeniSuef University, Egypt, Abdel-Reheim E. S. ,   Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, BeniSuef University, Egypt, Ramadan H. ,   Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, Eldin Z. E. ,   Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Egypt, El-Shahawy A. A. G. ,   Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Egypt, Yousef A. I. ,   Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, BeniSuef University, Egypt
Published: May 2024

Nanotechnology can offer various non-invasive and efficient alternative delivery strategies for insulin injections to enhance the quality of life of diabetic patients. The current research was aimed to fabricate a de novo oral formula of insulin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles coated with dextrin and pectin (INS-CN/DP) to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency of oral insulin. INS-CN/DP nano-formula was prepared using ionic gelation technique and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and DLS. Insulin loading capacity and entrapment efficiency (LC%, EE%), release profile, and kinetic study was conducted for INS-CN/DP nano-formula. Next, hypoglycemic and antidiabetic efficiency of INS-CN/DP nano-formula were studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by measuring fasting and postprandial glucose, the activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, liver glycogen content, and gene expression levels of glucokinase and Glucose transporter-2. Characterization results confirmed the formation of INSCN/DP nanoparticles with LC% =26.2 ± 0.56 and EE% 69.3 ± 2.75, respectively. Size average was 282.8 nm and nearly 25% of loaded insulin released after 4 hrs vs 48% for unloaded insulin. In vivo results displayed that oral administration of INS-CN/DP nanoparticles showed highly significant hypoglycemic and antidiabetic efficacy in diabetic rats compared to unloaded oral insulin. Oral INS-CN/DP nano-formula is promising alternative for insulin injections and can be suggested as non-invasive and effective diabetes therapy
Acciones humanísticas: un espacio de diálogo y expresión artística
Authors: Morúa-Carrillo Carlos Fernando , Jiménez-Fernández Haydée
Published: May 2024

This essay describes the community experience developed during 24 months in 2018-2019 by Carlos Morúa Carrillo (Universidad Nacional) and Haydée Jiménez Fernández (Universidad de Costa Rica). Both coordinated an inter-university project in Huetar Caribe Region together with the Limón center community. This project pushed different cultural promotion and diffusion activities. It was possible to create a process of socio-cultural transformation by promoting dance progress through different activities like workshops, performances, papers, meetings, speeches, and conferences.
Costa Rica y los sujetos de la EPJA en el contexto latinoamericano: una conceptualización necesaria
Authors: Barillas Girón Byron Renato
Published: May 2024

This essay addresses the evolution of the concept of lifelong learning, in which two distinct groups of learners, differentiated by age, are central protagonists. Initially introduced as adult education, this concept expanded its scope towards the youth in the late 1990s, evolving into a more inclusive framework known as Youth and Adult Education (YAE). To enhance comprehension of this unique non-formal educational process, the essay offers a conceptualization through various sociological perspectives, incorporating the intergenerational dimension, resulting in a typological framework for the subjects involved. Lastly, the discussion on YAE in the context of non-school settings is situated within the historical context of Latin America, with a specific focus on the Costa Rican experience.
La guerra civil española y sus efectos en Costa Rica
Authors: Valverde Barrantes Fabio
Published: May 2024

This essay analyzes the reaction of Costa Rica to the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), when two groups emerged, one in favor and one against of Spanish nationalists. But because of Spain’s support for the “eje” of nations during the Second World War, the Costa Rican government condemned support for Spain.
Between a Burden and Green Technology: Rishi Sunak’s Framing of Climate Change Discourse on Facebook and X (Twitter)
Authors: Kapranov Oleksandr
Published: May 2024

The issue of climate change has been one of the critical foci of political discourse worldwide (Wagner, 2023). Given that political debates and political discourse are quite often communicated on Social Networking Sites (SNSs), for instance, Facebook and X (Araújo & Prior, 2021), it appears highly relevant to tap into political actors’ discourse on SNSs that addresses the issue of climate change. Guided by the importance of SNSs in political discourse on climate change, the present article introduces and discusses a study on how Rishi Sunak, the current prime minister of the United Kingdom (the UK), frames the issue of climate change on his official Facebook and X accounts. Specifically, the aim of the study was to identify the types of frames used in Sunak’s climate change discourse in a corpus of his posts on Facebook and X. The corpus was collected and analysed in accordance with the methodology proposed and developed by Entman (2007). The results of the analysis revealed that Sunak’s framing of climate change involved a pragmatic economy-oriented aspect, which was presented discursively by imparting it a personalised dimension that involved multimodality. In particular, it was discovered that Sunak frequently framed the issue of climate change via the frames Burden and Green Technology. The findings were discussed in conjunction with the prior research on framing in climate change discourse.
Chemical Castration Punishment Sanctions for Pedophilia Perpetrators in Indonesia
Authors: Burhanudin Burhanudin
Published: May 2024

Chemical castration is an additional sanction for the criminal act of pedophilia contained in Law Number 17 of 2016 and Government Regulation Number 70 of 2020 as its implementing regulations. It is hoped that chemical castration will have a deterrent effect on pedophiles and can reduce the rate of sexual crimes in the future. However, on the other hand, chemical castration sanctions are considered a form of human rights violation. In Islamic law, the punishment of castration is based on al-maslahah, then the punishment of castration is recommended, whereas if it is based on al-maqassid as-syar-iyyah then the punishment of castration is not justified. The research method used is a normative juridical qualitative method with a statutory approach and a literature approach. The data sources used are secondary data in the form of child protection laws and implementing regulations, namely Government Regulation Number 70 of 2020. The results of the research state that the implementation of chemical castration sanctions is contrary to human rights and is not recommended in Islamic law because it can use criminal sanctions that are other.
Safety and Immunogenicity of an mRNA-Based hMPV/PIV3 Combination Vaccine in Seropositive Children
Authors: Schnyder Ghamloush Sabine , Essink Brandon , Hu Bo , Kalidindi Shiva , Morsy Louie , Egwuenu-Dumbuya Chioma , Kapoor Archana , Girard Bethany , Dhar Rakesh , Lackey Rebecca , Snape Matthew D. , Shaw Christine A.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) are common respiratory illnesses in children. The safety and immunogenicity of an investigational mRNA-based vaccine, mRNA-1653, encoding membrane-anchored fusion proteins of hMPV and PIV3, was evaluated in hMPV/PIV3-seropositive children.

METHODS

In this phase 1b randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study, hMPV/PIV3-seropositive children were enrolled sequentially into 2 dose levels of mRNA-1653 administered 2 months apart; children aged 12 to 36 months were randomized (1:1) to receive 10-μg of mRNA-1653 or placebo and children aged 12 to 59 months were randomized (3:1) to receive 30-μg of mRNA-1653 or placebo.

RESULTS

Overall, 27 participants aged 18 to 55 months were randomized; 15 participants received 10-μg of mRNA-1653 (n = 8) or placebo (n = 7), whereas 12 participants received 30-μg of mRNA-1653 (n = 9) or placebo (n = 3). mRNA-1653 was well-tolerated at both dose levels. The only reported solicited local adverse reaction was tenderness at injection site; solicited systemic adverse reactions included grade 1 or 2 chills, irritability, loss of appetite, and sleepiness. A single 10-μg or 30-μg mRNA-1653 injection increased hMPV and PIV3 neutralizing antibody titers (geometric mean fold-rise ratio over baseline: hMPV-A = 2.9–6.1; hMPV-B = 6.2–13.2; PIV3 = 2.8–3.0) and preF and postF binding antibody concentrations (geometric mean fold-rise ratio: hMPV preF = 5.3–6.1; postF = 4.6–6.5 and PIV3 preF = 13.9–14.2; postF = 11.0–12.1); a second injection did not further increase antibody levels in these seropositive children. Binding antibody responses were generally preF biased.

CONCLUSIONS

mRNA-1653 was well-tolerated and boosted hMPV and PIV3 antibody levels in seropositive children aged 12 to 59 months, supporting the continued development of mRNA-1653 or its components for the prevention of hMPV and PIV3.
Biological mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and overcoming this resistance: Challenges in medical oncology
Authors: Moskalenko Y.
Published: May 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have opened up new possibilities in clinical oncology. Monoclonal antibodies have shown their high clinical efficiency. They block CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 receptors and activate the immune response. Many patients have stable and even complete responses. However, some patients have primary or acquired resistance. Therefore, the treatment results in this category of patients are not predictable. Mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors have not been definitively studied. Many theories try to explain the mechanisms of this phenomenon. Our study aimed to structure and combine the data into groups depending on the etiological factor that reduces the immune response. In addition, based on understanding the mechanisms of resistance and the results of recent clinical studies, we aimed to identify the main ways to overcome it. Therefore, mechanisms that lead to resistance may be associated with tumor properties, tumor microenvironment, or patient characteristics. Tumor properties that reduce the immune response include a) low tumor mutation burden and loss of tumor neoantigens, b) changes in the processing or presentation of neoantigens, and c) changes in signaling pathways of tumor development and epigenetic modifications in genes. The tumor microenvironment is represented by stromal and immune cells, extracellular matrix, cytokines, and blood vessels. Each structure can enhance or reduce the immune response and contribute to the acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The effectiveness of the treatment depends not only on the cells in the tumor microenvironment but also on the metabolic background. In addition, the basic characteristics of the patient ( gender, gut microbiota, HLA-I genotype) can modify the immune response. Based on knowledge about the mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors, several therapeutic strategies aimed at activating antitumor activity have been evaluated. All of them are based on combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with other drugs. One of the most common options is a combination of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors. Alternative immune checkpoints are TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT and VISTA. Combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, neoangiogenesis inhibitors, epigenetic modifiers, PARP or TGF-β inhibitors enhances antitumor response by preventing depletion of effector T cells, enhancing T cell infiltration in the tumor, changes on the tumor microenvironment, and decreasing the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells. This review explores the biological mechanisms of resistance and potential ways of solving this problem.
МЕХАНІЗМ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КІНЕТИКИ ВОЛОГОВМІСТУ І ТЕМПЕРАТУРИ В М’ЯСІ ПІД ЧАС КОНДУКТИВНОГО СУШІННЯ
Authors: Скрипник Вячеслав О. , Семенов Анатолій О. , Пономаренко Богдан Г. , Фарісєєв Андрій Г.
Published: May 2024

Мета. Встановлення раціональної товщини м’яса у кондуктивному сушінні за отриманими показниками кінетики вологовмісту та температури, питомих витрат електроенергії та органолептичної оцінки якості сушеного м'яса. Методи. Для проведення досліджень було розроблено експериментальний стенд. Стандартними методами аналізу визначено параметри – тривалість процесу, вихід готового продукту, вологовміст тощо. Статистичну обробку результатів експериментальних досліджень проводили за допомогою стандартних пакетів програм Microsoft Office та Mathcad. Результати. У роботі розроблено експериментальний стенд та запропоновано методику дослідження кінетики вологовмісту та температури дослідних зразків м’яса свинини. Експериментально визначено кінетику вологовмісту та температури в м’ясі свинини різної товщини. Встановлено, що визначені кінетичні залежності під час кондуктивного сушіння мають спільний характер з іншими методами сушіння, однак є стислими в часі. Запропоновано теоретичні моделі кінетики вологовмісту в м’ясі та кінетики температури в поверхневих шарах м’яса у вигляді модифікованих експонент, які описують реальну кінетику з достовірністю до 95 %. Якість готового продукту оцінювали органолептичним методом, за яким найкращим визнано сушене м’ясо з початковою товщиною 0.003 м. Досліджено питомі витрати електроенергії на процес сушіння дослідних зразків м’яса різної товщини. Висновки. Особливістю кондуктивного сушіння харчових продуктів є невеликі втрати теплоти та швидкість процесу. Досліджено кінетику вологовмісту в м'ясі під час кондуктивного сушіння. Встановлено, що найвищої якості готового продукту та найменшої питомої витрати електроенергії можна досягти при початковій товщині зразків 0.003 м. Для інтенсифікації процесу кондуктивного сушіння пропонується видаляти шари висушеного м’яса під час сушіння за допомогою фізичних і електрофізичних методів.
ПЕРВИННЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕФЕКТУ ВПЛИВУ ТИСКУ НА ЕЛЕКТРИЧНІ ТА ОПТИЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ РУТИЛУ TiO2
Authors: Галеб Абдулхаді М. , Бенкріма Яміна , Mунеф Рафеа А. , Шихатха Aхмед Т. , Мегдуд Юсра , Галеб Захра Таліб
Published: May 2024

Електронні константи, оптичні властивості та показники пружності рутилу TiO2 досліджено з використанням першого принципу. Ефекти обмінної кореляції з використанням RPBE описано в термінах узагальненого градієнтного наближення [GGA]. Виміряні об'єм та об'ємний модуль добре узгоджуються з попередніми експериментальними і теоретичними результатами. Розраховано ширину забороненої зони (2.098 еВ) з урахуванням більшої інтенсивності станів і розширенними енергетичними зонами навколо рівнів Фермі. Діелектричну проникність визначено з урахуванням електронної зонної структури і, з огляду на її важливість, використано для обчислення решти оптичних властивостей, таких як функція втрат енергії, показник заломлення, поглинання і відбивання. Вплив гідростатичного тиску (0–60 ГПа) показано на змінах властивостей. Результати нашого дослідження добре узгоджуються з відомими сучасними експериментальними і теоретичними результатами.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ПАРАМЕТРІВ СИНТЕЗУ НА СТРУКТУРНІ ТА МАГНІТНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ФЕРИТУ КОБАЛЬТА
Authors: Фролова Лілія А. , Скнар Ірина В.
Published: May 2024

Дослідження впливу параметрів синтезу на структурні та магнітні властивості фериту кобальту. В роботі досліджено синтез фериту кобальту плазмохімічним методом. Визначено вплив рН реакційного середовища, температури і тривалості обробки на магнітні властивості, інтенсивність піків на рентгенограмі, середній розмір кристалітів, значення густини дислокацій за допомогою центрального композиційного ротатабельного планування експерименту, що базується на результатах, отриманих методом рентгенофазового аналізу, вібраційної магнітометрії, електронної мікроскопії. Статистичний аналіз дав змогу кількісно оцінити вплив параметрів синтезу на обрані функції відгуку. Результати показали, що рН реакційного середовища є параметром, який показує найбільший вплив як на ріст кристалітів порошків фериту кобальта, так і на магнітні властивості зразків, отриманих плазмохімічним методом.
Az élettel való elégedettség és a boldogságtól való félelem vizsgálata a Big Five személyiségfaktorok, valamint különböző demográfiai változók mentén
Authors: Lubics Olivér , Vadai Katalin , Magyaródi Tímea , Nagy Henriett
Published: May 2024

Elméleti háttér:Az élettel való elégedettség a jóllétkutatások egyik leggyakrabban használt mutatója, ami számos pozitív jelenségre lehet hatással (pl. társas kapcsolatok, egészség), így fontos feltérképezni azokat a tényezőket, amelyek befolyással lehetnek az alakulására.Cél:Jelen tanulmány célja feltérképezni a boldogságtól való félelem, a demográfiai tényezők, valamint a Big Five személyiségdimenziók szerepét az élettel való elégedettségben, kitüntetett szerepet szánva a boldogságtól való félelem vizsgálatának, a koncepció újszerűsége miatt.Módszerek:Keresztmetszeti kérdőíves vizsgálatunkban 1826 felnőtt vett részt (77% nő; átlagéletkor = 35 év; SD = 15,5 év), akik a demográfiai kérdéseken kívül a Boldogságtól való félelem skálát, az Élettel való elégedettség skálát, valamint a Big Five leltárt töltötték ki.Eredmények:Az életkor és az élettel való elégedettség (rs= –0,06,p< 0,001), illetve az életkor és a boldogságtól való félelem (rs= –0,19;p= 0,005) között negatív irányú, ám elhanyagolható erősségű összefüggést találtunk, amit nem tudott szignifikánsan jobban magyarázni egy „U alakú” (kvadratikus) függvény, egy egyszerű lineáris függvénnyel összehasonlítva. Nem találtunk szignifikáns nemi különbséget az élettel való elégedettség (p= 0,17; Cohen-d= 0,07), illetve a boldogságtól való félelem (p= 0,93; Cohen-d= –0,005) pontszámokban. Az egyedülállókkal összehasonlítva a párkapcsolatban élők szignifikánsan magasabb élettel való elégedettség (p< 0,001; Cohen-d= 0,48) és szignifikánsan alacsonyabb boldogságtól való félelem (p< 0,001; Cohen-d= –0,31) pontszámokkal jellemezhetők. A boldogságtól való félelem önmagában szignifikáns, negatív prediktora az élettel való elégedettségnek (R2= 0,16;β= –0,398;p< 0,001), és ez a demográfiai és a Big Five faktorok kontrollálása után is igaz (β= –0,208;p< 0,001), tehát kijelenthető, hogy annak a demográfiai és a Big Five személyiségfaktoroktól elkülönülő magyarázóereje van az élettel való elégedettségben. A végső modellben a Big Five skálák közül nem bizonyult szignifikáns prediktornak a barátságosság, illetve a nyitottság, pozitív hatással bírt az extraverzió és a lelkiismeretesség, negatív hatással pedig a neuroticizmus esetében számolhatunk.Következtetések:Eredményeink nagyrészt megerősítik az élettel való elégedettség prediktoraival kapcsolatos korábbi kutatásokat; továbbá felvetik a boldogságtól való félelem behatóbb vizsgálatának szükségességét, hiszen eszerint egy, az alap személyiségdimenzióktól elkülönülő, a szubjektív jóllétre szignifikáns hatást gyakorló tényezőről lehet szó.
Statisztikai elemzések a ROP-R szoftver segítségével és szemléltetésük egy kötődéskutatás adataival
Authors: Vargha András , Bánsági Péter , Jantek Gyöngyvér
Published: May 2024

Tanulmányunkban egy ingyenes, kétnyelvű (magyar és angol) és egyszerűen használható többváltozós statisztikai programcsomagot, a ROP-R-t mutatjuk be, amely jól használható pszichológiai kutatások statisztikai elemzésében. A ROP-R a ROPstat programcsomag olyan fejlesztésének tekinthető, amely a többváltozós statisztika három fontos témakörében (regresszióelemzés, főkomponens- és faktoranalízis, illetve klaszteranalízis) teljes körű statisztikai elemzések végrehajtására alkalmas. Különlegessége, hogy a statisztikai menüjében kiválasztott és beállított elemzésekhez R-scripteket ír, azokat automatikusan lefuttatja, majd a kapott eredményeket táblázatos formában ROP-R-ben megjeleníti, illetve az eredményekhez tartozó fontosabb grafikonokat standard formátumú (jpg vagy pdf) képfájlokban elmenti. A ROP-R moduljainak bemutatása után egy kötődéskutatás adatain végzett többváltozós elemzéssor segítségével szemléltetjük hasznosságát a pszichológiai kutatásokban.
Tracheoesophageal fistula due to Candida and Actinomyces co-infection: A case report and comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Teshon A. , Reyes R. , Schammel D.P. , Corso O. , Schammel C. , Kent P. , Devane A.M.
Published: May 2024

Acquired benign tracheoesophageal fistulas and bronchoesophageal fistulas (TEF) are typically associated with granulomatous mediastinal infections, 75% of which are iatrogenic. Candida albicans and Actinomyces are commonly occurring organisms, but are uncommon etiologies of TEF. Normal colonization and the slow growth characteristics of some species of these agents rarely result in infection, mycetoma, and broncholithiasis, and thus, delays in diagnosis and treatment are likely. Few reports describe C. albicans or Actinomyces spp. as the etiology of TEF or broncholithiasis. Herein, we report a case of benign acquired TEF secondary to coinfection of Candida and Actinomyces complicated by the formation of an actinomycetoma and broncholithiasis and a comprehensive literature review to highlight the unique nature of this presentation and offer a diagnostic algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of TEFs. Following a presentation of three months of productive cough, choking sensation, night sweats, and weight loss, a bronchoscopy revealed a fistulous connection between the esophagus and the posterior right middle lobe. Pathology identified a calcified fungus ball and a broncholith secondary to the co-infection of Candida and Actinomyces. This unique presentation of Candida and Actinomyces co-infection and the associated diagnostic algorithm are presented as education and a useful tool for clinicians.
A gyermekkori alvászavarok háttértényezői: a szülők közötti konfliktusok, a szülő-gyermek kötődés, a nevelési stílus és a szülő-gyermek kapcsolat minősége
Authors: Balog Piroska , Tesch Dóra , Poós Alexa
Published: May 2024

A szakirodalmi adatok szerint az egészségesen fejlődő gyermekek 20–30%-a
megtapasztal valamilyen alvásproblémát gyermekkorban. Csecsemőknél és kisebb
gyermekeknél az alváshiány és a fiziológiás alvási ritmus felborulása a nappali
nyűgösség mellett hosszú távon hatással van a fejlődés minden területére (a
mozgás-, a kognitív, a nyelvi készségekre és az emocionális fejlődésre is).
Nagyobb gyermekeknél és serdülőknél ez rövid távon nappali fáradtsághoz és
figyelemzavarhoz vezet, idővel azonban súlyosabb hatások is lehetnek, a szellemi
és a fizikai teljesítmény csökkenésén át a hangulatingadozásig, sőt depressziós
és szorongásos tünetek megjelenéséig. Ezért különösen nagy jelentősége van
minden olyan környezeti tényező ismeretének, amelyet összefüggésbe hozhatunk a
gyermekkorban megjelenő alvásproblémák kialakulásával. A jelen szakirodalmi
összefoglaló célja átfogó képet adni azokról a kutatásokról, amelyek a gyermekek
alvászavarait családi kontextusban vizsgálják, hiszen gyermekkorban a család
funkcionalitása meghatározó tényező a gyermekek alvásának minőségét illetően. Az
alvásproblémák megjelenésében a szülők közötti kapcsolat minősége, a szülők
konfliktusmegoldó stratégiái, a szülői szerepükben való funkcionalitás, a szülők
mentális egészsége, a gyermekkel kialakult kötődés minősége, a szülők nevelési
stílusa, az esti, elalvási rituálék mind fontos szerepet játszanak. Figyelembe
véve az alvásproblémák hosszú távú negatív következményeit, érdemes számba venni
a hatékony intervenciós lehetőségeket. Elmondható, hogy amennyiben a szülő a
gyermeke alvásproblémájával keresi fel orvosát, úgy érdemes nagyító alá venni a
család funkcionalitását, a szülők párkapcsolati minőségét, a szülő-gyermek
kapcsolat minőségét is. Ha ezeken a területeken derül fény problémára, akkor a
szakorvosi kezelés mellett érdemes javasolni számukra a
szülő-csecsemő/kisgyermek konzultációt, szülőkonzultációt, esetleg párterápiás,
családterápiás lehetőségeket, a probléma teljes körű és hosszú távú megoldása
érdekében. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(17): 652–663.
Seasonality influences gene expression in Baltic Sea microbial communities
Authors:   ,   Linnaeus University, Amnebrink Dennis
Published: May 2024

Prokaryotes are the most abundant living organisms in the marine environment. They contribute to primary production and the recycling of its products. Collectively they influence the marine element cycles of carbon along with elements like nitrogen and sulfur. However, much remains to learn of the functional characteristics of microbial communities carrying out these processes, and how different communities respond to changing environmental conditions in space and time.The composition of marine prokaryotic communities is known to change in a seasonal manner, but how seasonality influences their gene expression or “activity” remains largely unknown. In this thesis I investigate the relationship between prokaryotic activity, relative gene expression, and seasonality using time series field data on gene expression combined with reference genomes of prokaryotic populations (metagenome assembled genomes, MAGs). This revealed pronounced seasonal succession in overall transcriptional dynamics. Importantly, roughly half of the 50 populations with highest relative abundance in transcription altered their transcriptional profiles across seasons. Thus, changes in relative gene expression on the annual scale is explained by community turnover and modulation of activity within populations. Characterization of a MAG representative of the filamentous cyanobacterial genus Aphanizomenon that forms summer blooms in the Baltic Proper, highlighted seasonal patterns in transcription of genes underlying key prokaryotic activities. This included genes related to photosynthesis (different genes expressed in different seasons), nitrogen- fixation (expression peaking in summer) and oxidative stress (peaking in winter). A mesocosm study in the Bothnian Sea using temperature and nutrient manipulations simulating the winter to summer transition showed lower growth efficiency and higher maintenance respiration in winter conditions, implying larger relative losses of CO2 through respiration in winter. Additionally, temperature, nutrients, and their combination, caused separation in both prokaryotic taxonomy and transcription of metabolic pathways. Key features included archaeal transcription of ammonium oxidation in winter conditions, and Oceanospirillales central metabolisms in summer. Taken together, these results highlight the pronounced effect of seasonality on prokaryotic community gene expression and the capability of prokaryotic populations to alter their expressed genetic repertoire. This emphasizes the importance of the temporal perspective when considering how prokaryotic communities will respond to changes in environmental conditions.
Legal regulation of the international financial architecture in the context of digital transformation . The experience of the European Union and the Republic of Poland
Authors:   Kunaev Eurasian Law Academy, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Romanenko Svetlana
Published: May 2024

The digital transformation of public relations has become possible with the introduction of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, immersive technologies, and data analytics. These technologies make it possible to create a metaverse where communication, knowledge acquisition, work, business, investment, creativity, and much more are available to everyone. The article offers an in-depth analysis of the institutional legal framework governing the international financial architecture within the realm of digital transformation. It explores regulatory mechanisms and developmental trends within the legal and financial systems of both the European Union and the Republic of Poland. The study delves into instances of commercial fraud involving digital assets, thoroughly examining their implications on the traditional financial system. In the virtual world, the capital market has no borders and jurisdictions. False and unreliable information has become an instrument of manipulation by society and is actively used by market participants. The conventional financial system experiences a loss of control over its functions, particularly in the process of converting fiat funds into digital assets. Decentralized finance regulated by cryptocurrency can replace the Bretton – Woods system. Blockchain is “a technology of utmost honesty” in data transmission. The task of society is to be guided by ethical, social, moral, and environmental aspects in the initial placement of information. The effectiveness of legal regulation of the digital environment is possible only with the adoption of regulations, rules, and recommendations of international organizations in the legislation of each country. A single principle of legal regulation will allow us to build a more just world and its sustainable development.
Rodzina jako wartość podstawowa w świadomości młodzieży szkolnej
Authors:   Wyższa Szkoła Nauk Społecznych w Lublinie, Mariański Janusz
Published: May 2024

In this article, we will delve into two key aspects: the family as a fundamental and prioritized value within everyday values and the aspirations of young people regarding marriage. The sociological analysis is grounded in the outcomes of public opinion surveys and research conducted in the first and second decades of the 21st century. Throughout the 20th century and the initial decade of the 21st century, family and contented family life consistently held the top spot among the life goals of Poles, standing out as one of the most cherished values. However, in the course of the accelerated transformation of Polish society, success or a thriving professional career is emerging as a distinct life value for young Poles, competing to some extent with the significance attributed to family. Notably, around 60% of respondents among school youth express a commitment to formal marriage in their future plans.
Unification of Medical Legal Norms and Criminal Liability in the Context of Globalization of Clinical Research
Authors:   Academy of Advocacy of Ukraine, Karpushyna Maria , Veresha Roman ,   Academy of Advocacy of Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The relevance of the article is attributed to the swift evolution of the social and state system. With the advancement of the political, economic, and social dimensions of existence, there is a growing need to consider public opinion and enhance public legal awareness in the medical domain. The purpose of the study is to apply correlation analysis in comparing legal sciences and medical sciences, combining them, and subsequently utilizing applied legal dialectics within the realm of medical law knowledge. To achieve this goal, dialectical and logical methods, as well as general scientific methods such as observation and generalization, were employed. Globalization processes are supranational in nature, and under conditions of driving factors are subject to constant development. The medical field is not an exception and is influenced by other sciences, including legal doctrine, informatics, and economics. Clinical research in the medical field is subject to international influence and development, unification and legal regulation. Internationalization processes are making innovative adjustments to the development of medical science, introducing advancements such as artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, predictive medicine, preventive medicine, participatory medicine, and precision medicine. Consequently, personalized patient data is designated as sensitive and necessitates additional legal regulation. Additional attention is paid to the issue of criminal liability of medical workers as special subjects of professional activity. The results of research are reflected in the established search routes of the possibility of improving legal awareness of medical personnel in the context of practical professional activity. Such practical ways can serve as: the creation of informative material of legal content, adapted to the understanding of persons who are not specialists in the field of law, instead, they are professionals of high intellectual level of medical services. The practical importance of the results of creating information and legal content of the medical industry can be reflected in the results of advanced training by medical personnel, in addition, in the elements of self-education of doctors – researchers, private doctors – specialists, etc. Analytical study of the statistical informative material of the medical industry is reflected in legislative and normative legal acts, taken into account in the case law of the national level, taking into account the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights.
Technologies used in the treatment of burn victims in intensive care: a scope review
Authors: Clementino Kyohana Matos de Freitas , Bezerra Gabriela Duarte , Gonçalves Gleice Adriana Araujo , Viana Maria Corina Amaral , Sampaio Luis Rafael Leite , Pinheiro Woneska Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the technologies used by the nursing team in the treatment of skin lesions caused by burns in patients under intensive care. Methods: this is a scope review conducted on the LILACS, Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL databases without temporal or language restrictions. Results: the highlighted technologies included the use of specialized dressings, biological agents such as probiotics and cyanobacteria, as well as negative pressure therapies and enzymes such as papain and collagenase. Some technologies, such as nanocrystalline silver, demonstrated efficacy in infection control. Final Considerations: the study identified essential technologies in burn care, emphasizing the need for further research on “soft” technologies. The findings support the promotion of evidence-based nursing care for burn patients in intensive care and enhance knowledge about effective treatments.
Generalized Resistance Deficits in inmates with hypertension: missing resources that limit health
Authors: Costa Marta Cossetin , Mantovani Maria de Fátima , Miranda Fernanda Moura D’Almeida , Heidemann Ivonete Teresinha Schülter Buss , Peres Aida Maris
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the Generalized Resistance Deficits of people deprived of liberty with hypertension in a Brazilian prison unit. Method: qualitative research, anchored in Salutogenesis, carried out with 38 people with hypertension from a Brazilian prison unit, from February to July 2022, with a semi-structured interview with open-ended questions, whose analysis was thematic, explaining the limitations to health in prison. Results: 13 Generalized Resistance Deficits were reported, mostly related to the prison environment and, to a lesser extent, to the social group and the individual, respectively. Living in prison for people with hypertension implies living with a high number of Generalized Resistance Deficits, accentuating the movement towards the disease pole. Final considerations: knowing Generalized Resistance Deficits allows directing health promotion to support the use of available Generalized Resistance Resources and contributes to the expansion of intersectoral policies.
Methodology of Marx’s world history thought
Authors: Wu Haicui
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Marx’s thoughts on world history (WH) is an essential element of historical materialism, which focuses on the time’s characteristics, unifies theory and practice, and grasps correctly of the situation of human existence and historical development. The deepening of globalization has made the world development environment more complex and led to the intensification of social contradictions. In order to deeply grasp the law of world-historical development and better cope with the problems and challenges brought by globalization, this paper effectively studied the methodology of Marx’s world history thoughts (WHT). After conducting an in-depth analysis of the fundamental content, main issues and ideological features of WHT, this paper explored the methodological principles and significance. It gave full consideration to the practical revelation of the methodology of Marx’s WHT from the perspectives of foreign development and cooperation, scientific and technological level, and the choice of one’s development path. In the natural development process of responding to globalization, firmly following its development path has an important role and value in strengthening foreign development and cooperation, advancing technological capabilities and adopting a dialectical approach towards the development of globalization.
Han Fu culture: the emphasis on Chinese traditional cultural identity
Authors: Yu Qianqian
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Traditional Chinese philosophical culture refers to ancient China’s philosophical thought and cultural traditions, including different philosophical schools and systems of thought, such as Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism and Legalism. As a unique system of thought in ancient China, the traditional Chinese philosophical culture is a heritage accumulated by the Chinese nation. Han Fu culture is an important component of traditional Chinese culture, covering historical origins, morphological characteristics, materials and techniques, customs, cultural connotations and spiritual values. It can be applied and inherited in contemporary society, as well as integrated and interacted with other traditional cultural elements. As an important carrier of traditional Chinese philosophical thoughts, Han Fu culture is also a concrete manifestation of Chinese national culture and modern humanistic spirit. As a form of inheriting and displaying traditional Chinese clothing culture, the performance of Han Fu culture has received increasing attention and affection. Han Fu has played an important role in the long history, and its evolution and development have also been influenced and shaped by traditional Chinese philosophical culture. Therefore, this paper used the hermeneutic approach, dialectical materialism and historical materialism, by exploring the manifestations of traditional Chinese philosophical culture on Han Fu culture, with a view to better understand and inherit Han Fu culture. The article first introduces traditional Chinese philosophical thoughts, which mainly include Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhist thought; then, several important concepts in philosophical thoughts were elaborated. Afterwards, we will consider and analyze the philosophical ideas, contained in Han Fu culture, and point out the embodiment and application of the philosophical ideas of “unity of heaven and man” and “neutrality” in Han Fu culture. Finally, the performance value of Han Fu is elaborated from two aspects: its value expression, or form of expression, and content. Through the study, it was found that Han Fu culture can present and express its core ideas in a specific way to better demonstrate traditional Chinese philosophical thinking, which helps to better call on people to use Han Fu culture as a tool and use it to publicize their relevant ideas and concepts.
Post modernist critical spirit: its cultural influence and impact on music and schools of thought
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Wang Xueping
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Western postmodernism is a cultural trend of thought that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s. Its influence involves many fields, such as art, literature, philosophyand aesthetics, which indicates that a major change has taken place in the whole Western society, and also has a profound impact on contemporary culture and art. By analyzing the far-reaching influence of postmodernism on music and philosophy, this paper provided development strategies and suggestions for music and philosophy under the background of postmodernism. This paper studied the positive and negative effects of postmodernism on philosophy and music from two aspects: music and philosophy. The positive influence of postmodernism on philosophy and music is manifested in advocating equality, harmony between man and nature, innovation and critical spirit. Of course, the postmodernism trend of thought also has some negative effects, which should be viewed dialectically on its impact on music and philosophy. On the premise of encouraging innovation, respecting freedom and difference, self-confidence value should be established, so as to promote the further development of philosophy and music. Postmodernism is a cultural form in the later period of capitalism. In the field of music, it is necessary to not only adhere to the rebellion and openness brought by postmodernism, but also attach importance to the artistic value of music works to prevent the production and proliferation of vulgar music works. The influence of postmodernism on music and philosophy, studied in this paper, has important practical significance.
A infância e a adolescência na política de saúde mental: uma análise por meio dos conselheiros e conferências de saúde
Authors: Cubas João Mário , Bonamigo Victoria Grassi , Alvarenga Rodrigo , Carvalho Deborah Ribeiro
Published: May 2024

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar como crianças e adolescentes são contemplados nos processos de participação para a formulação das políticas públicas de saúde mental. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória de caráter documental e de campo. A base de dados da análise documental consistiu em: relatórios das Conferências de Saúde (nacional, estadual e municipal), atas de reuniões do Conselho de Saúde (nacional, estadual e municipal) e memórias da Comissão Temática de Saúde Mental (estadual e municipal). Participaram deste estudo nove conselheiros ou ex-conselheiros de saúde, por meio de uma entrevista individual com roteiro semiestruturado. Como marco teórico de análise desta pesquisa, foi proposto o agir comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas. Dentre os temas que emergiram da pesquisa documental, encontram-se as diretrizes de processos intersetoriais, bem como a ampliação de leitos para crianças e adolescentes. As entrevistas apontaram a falta de discussão da temática, predomínio da perspectiva punitivista e para a necessidade de um debate mais amplo. A falta de espaços intersubjetivos de escuta democrática compromete o agir comunicativo, ocasionando a invisibilização da criança e do adolescente no processo de formulação da política e enfraquecendo os espaços de participação e controle social.
A gravidade oculta da pandemia de COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil: uma análise territorial da mortalidade hospitalar
Authors: Silva Amanda Cilene Cruz Aguiar Castilho da , Luiz Ronir Raggio , Zeitoune Regina Célia Gollner , Moraes José Rodrigo de , Prata-Barbosa Arnaldo , Moreira Jessica Pronestino de Lima
Published: May 2024

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a distribuição geográfica da mortalidade hospitalar por COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes durante a pandemia de 2020-2021 no Brasil. Estudo ecológico, censitário (SIVEP GRIPE), de indivíduos até 19 anos, internados com SRAG por COVID-19 ou SRAG não especificada, em municípios brasileiros, estratificados de duas formas: 1) nas cinco macrorregiões e 2) em três aglomerados urbanos: capital, municípios da região metropolitana e do interior. Verificou-se 44 internações/100 mil habitantes por COVID-19 e 241/100 mil ao se incluir a SRAG não especificada (subnotificação estimada de 81,8%). Ocorreram1.888 óbitos por COVID-19 e 4.471 óbitos se somados à SRAG não especificada, estimando-se subnotificação de 57,8% dos óbitos. A mortalidade hospitalar foi 2,3 vezes maior nas macrorregiões quando considerados apenas os casos de COVID-19, com exceção das regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. Registrou-se também maior mortalidade hospitalar em municípios do interior. O contexto urbano esteve associado à maior mortalidade hospitalar por SRAG durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Residir nas macrorregiões Norte e Nordeste, e distante das capitais, ofereceu maior risco de mortalidade para crianças e adolescentes que necessitaram hospitalização.
Saúde sexual e acesso aos serviços para mulheres lésbicas em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Azevedo Gabriela Rith Beltrão de , Therense Munique , Tamborini Sérgio Antônio Saldanha Rodrigues , Almeida Gabriel Ponce de Leão , Neves André Luiz Machado das
Published: May 2024

Resumo O estudo tem por objetivo compreender os significados relacionados à saúde sexual e os contornos que definem a experiência de acesso aos serviços de saúde para mulheres lésbicas de Manaus, Amazonas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa. Contou com a participação de dez mulheres que se autoidentificaram como lésbicas. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e suas análises ocorreram por meio de três eixos temáticos. O primeiro abordou as representações sobre prevenção e práticas sexuais, destacando a noção de fidelidade no relacionamento como “fator de proteção”. Foram relatadas dificuldades no uso de preservativos em relações entre duas mulheres. O segundo discutiu a heteronormatividade e seus efeitos no cuidado de si, relatando as dificuldades de as participantes serem compreendidas e acolhidas pelos serviços de saúde. O terceiro abordou a busca do próprio conhecimento como tática de cuidado, destacando a importância da informação e da autonomia para a promoção da saúde e a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de políticas públicas voltadas para a promoção da saúde sexual de mulheres lésbicas e o reconhecimento de suas especificidades pelos serviços de saúde.
Sexual health and access to services for lesbian women in Manaus, Brazil
Authors: Azevedo Gabriela Rith Beltrão de , Therense Munique , Tamborini Sérgio Antônio Saldanha Rodrigues , Almeida Gabriel Ponce de Leão , Neves André Luiz Machado das
Published: May 2024

Abstract This study aims to understand the meanings related to sexual health and the delineations that define the experience of accessing health services for lesbian women in Manaus, Brazil. This study followed a qualitative approach, counting on the participation of ten women who self-reported themselves as lesbians. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and their analyses occurred through three thematic axes. The first addressed the representations concerning prevention and sexual practices, highlighting the notion of fidelity in the relationship as a “protective factor”. Difficulties in the use of condoms in relationships between two women were reported. The second discussed heteronormativity and its effects on self-care, reporting the participants’ difficulties in being understood and welcomed by health services. The third addressed the search for one’s own knowledge as a care tactic, highlighting the importance of information and autonomy for health promotion and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). It can therefore be concluded that there is a need for public policies aimed at promoting the sexual health of lesbian women and the recognition of their specificities by health services.