bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences of Clinical Characteristics and Drug Prescriptions between Men and Women with COPD in China
Authors: Zeng Yuqin , Spruit Martijn A , Deng Qichen , Franssen Frits M. E. , Chen Ping
Published: January 2023

Background: Sex differences in symptoms exist in patients with COPD. Our aim is to measure the differences between men and women with COPD, focusing on risk factors, symptoms, quality of life and drug prescriptions. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, patients with COPD were collected in China; demographic characteristics, smoking history, occupational exposure, biomass exposure, lung function, dyspnea, quality of life, and prescriptions for inhaled medications were collected. The nearest neighbor algorithm was used to match female and male patients (ratio 2:1) on age, body mass index, and lung function. Results: Compared with 1462 men, the 731 women generally had lower educational levels and were married less (both p < 0.001). A total of 576 (90.0%) women did not smoke cigarettes. More men were exposed to occupational dust (539 (36.9%) vs. 84 (11.5%), p = 0.013), while more women were exposed to biomass smoke (330 (45.1%) vs. 392 (26.8%), p = 0.004). Except for phlegm and chest tightness, women had more complaints than men for cough, breathlessness, activities, confidence, sleep and energy (p < 0.05). In addition, more women were prescribed triple therapy than men (236 (36.3%) vs. 388 (31.0%), p = 0.020). Conclusions: There are obvious discrepancies in the quality of life and use of inhaled medications between male and female patients with COPD.
Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Farmlands and Crops Near Pb–Zn Mine Tailing Ponds in Niujiaotang, China
Authors: Li Qinyuan , Han Zhiwei , Tian Yutong , Xiao Han , Yang Miao
Published: January 2023

To accurately evaluate the pollution and risk of heavy metals in crops and farmlands near mines, we determined the contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in 10 farmland soil sampling sites and six crops (pak choi, rice, spring onion, radish, Chinese cabbage, Chrysanthemum coronarium) in an area near the Niujiaotang Pb–Zn mine in Duyun City, China. Four evaluation methods were compared, including the potential ecological hazard index, Nemeiro comprehensive pollution assessment, risk assessment code, and the ratio of secondary phase to primary phase methods. The average concentration of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn exceeded the soil environmental background levels in Niujiaotang and Guizhou Province. Cd exceeded the standard substantially, and Zn pollution accumulation was the most evident. Heavy metal contamination of crops was in the order pak choi > Chinese cabbage > spring onion > paddy > radish > Chrysanthemum coronarium, whereas heavy metal concentration in crops were in the order Zn > As > Cr > Cd > Ni > Pb. The levels of all heavy metals except Cu exceeded Chinese food hygiene standards. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals in crops present significant risks to adults and children. Risk evaluation considering the morphological contents of heavy metals rather than their total concentration was more accurate for environmental quality assessment of agricultural soils. Samples should be collected at different times to study the spatial and temporal distribution, and further studies on the migration transformation of heavy metals between the tailings pond-soil-crop should be conducted.
Impending Chemotherapeutic Impact of Arthrospira platensis Nanoparticles and/or Sorafenib against Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Modulation of Antioxidant Status, Tumor Marker Genes, and Anti-Inflammatory Signaling Pathways
Authors: Ghamry Heba I.
Published: January 2023

This study investigated Arthrospira platensis nanoparticles (NSP) to overcome sorafenib resistance in diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. This study used sixty Wistar male rats randomly grouped into two main groups, the normal control group, and the HCC model. For the normal control group (n = 12), animals were injected i.p. with PBS two times/week for 16 weeks. The remaining 48 rats were injected i.p. with using a single dose of diethyl nitrosamine (DENA) (200 mg/kg, ip), followed by phenobarbital sodium (0.05%) in drinking water for 16 weeks. At the end of the 16th week, rats were allocated into four groups (11 rats/each), one group was left without treatment (DENA group), and the other three groups were treated with either sorafenib (30 mg/kg; p.o.) or Arthrospira platensis Nanoparticles (NSP) (0.5 mg/kg body weight) once daily orally with the aid of gastric gavage or their combination for another four weeks. Blood and tissue samples were collected for further biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analysis. Our result revealed that DENA-treated rats showed a marked elevation of hepatic enzyme markers with an increase in the total protein and globulin and decreases in the hepatic SOD. Catalase and GSH, with significantly increased MDA levels, subsequently increased the tumor biomarkers (AFP and CEA). On the molecular level, the DENA-treated rats showed significant up-regulation of Cyp19 mRNA and the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, iNOS, and TGF-1β) as well as the Ki-67 gene expression (p < 0.05) with down-regulation of the PPAR-γ and FOXO-1. In addition, the HCC group showed a loss of hepatic architecture, as well as atypia, swelling, macrosteatosis of hepatocytes, and fibrosis, besides increased vascularization. The immunohistochemical findings show increased expression of both GPC-3 and Hep Par 1 in the HCC group. SOR, NSP, or a combination of NSP and SOR.NSP treatment significantly overturned the DENA’s harmful effect near the normal levels and restored all cancer biomarkers and antioxidant activities, indicating the chemotherapeutic impact of NSP. The present study provides evidence that NSP exerts a major anticancer effect on DENA-induced HCC. SOR/NSP is a promising combination for tumor suppression and overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC by modulating antioxidants, anti-inflammatory signals, and tumor markers.
Simultaneous Analysis of Mycotoxins, Potentially Toxic Elements, and Pesticides in Rice: A Health Risk Assessment Study
Authors: Yousefi Mohammad Hashem , Abbasi Esmaeel , Hadidi Milad , Hashemi Seyedenayat , Ghadimi Amir Hossein , Yousefinejad Saeed , Arfaeinia Hossein , Yousefinejad Abbas , Kowalczewski Przemysław Łukasz , Tomkowiak Agnieszka , Hosseinzadeh Saeid , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin
Published: January 2023

Rice is a widely consumed food worldwide; however, it can be a source of pollutants, such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs), mycotoxins, and pesticides. Sixty rice samples imported from Pakistan (PAK), India (IND), and Thailand (THAI), as well as domestic Iranian (IRN) rice, were collected from Bushehr, Iran, and investigated for the contamination of PTEs, including arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni); pesticides, including chlorpyrifos, trichlorfon, diazinon, fenitrothion, and chlorothalonil; mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), and deoxynivalenol (DON); and molds. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) of pollutants and hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of rice types for the Iranian adult population were calculated. The content of PTEs in Iranian rice was not higher than Iran’s national standard limits. In contrast, other types of rice (imported) had at least one PTE above the permissible level. OTA content was below the detection limit, and all other mycotoxins were within the allowable range in all rice types. Thai rice was the only group without pesticides. The HI order of rice types was as follows: HIPAK = 2.1 > HIIND = 1.86 > HIIRN = 1.01 > HITHAI = 0.98. As was the biggest contributor to the HI of Iranian and Thai rice, and diazinon in the HI of Pakistani and Indian rice. The calculation of ILCR confirmed that the concentrations of Ni and Pb in Pakistani and Ni and As in Indian, Thai, and Iranian rice were not acceptable in terms of lifetime carcinogenic health risks.
Aedes aegypti in Southern Brazil: Spatiotemporal Distribution Dynamics and Association with Climate and Environmental Factors
Authors: de Oliveira Joice Guilherme , Netto Sérgio Antônio , Francisco Edenilson Osinski , Vieira Caroline Pereira , Variza Paula Fassicolo , Iser Betine Pinto Moehlecke , Lima-Camara Tamara Nunes , Lorenz Camila , Prophiro Josiane Somariva
Published: January 2023

In Brazil, the mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is considered the main vector of the dengue, chikungunya, and Zika arbovirus transmission. Recent epidemiological studies in southern Brazil have shown an increase in the incidence of dengue, raising concerns over epidemiological control, monitoring, and surveys. Therefore, this study aimed at performing a historical spatiotemporal analysis of the Ae. aegypti house indices (HI) in southern Brazil over the last 19 years. As vector infestation was associated with climatic and environmental variables, HI data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, climate data from the Giovanni web-based application, and environmental data from the Mapbiomas project were used in this study. Our results showed an expressive increase in the number of HI surveys in the municipalities confirming the vector presence, as compared to those in 2017. Environmental variables, such as urban infrastructure, precipitation, temperature, and humidity, were positively correlated with the Ae. aegypti HI. This was the first study to analyze Ae. aegypti HI surveys in municipalities of southern Brazil, and our findings could help in developing and planning disease control strategies to improve public health.
Simulation of Closed Timelike Curves in a Darwinian Approach to Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Baladrón Carlos , Khrennikov Andrei
Published: January 2023

Closed timelike curves (CTCs) are non-intuitive theoretical solutions of general relativity field equations. The main paradox associated with the physical existence of CTCs, the so-called grandfather paradox, can be satisfactorily solved by a quantum model named Deutsch-CTC. An outstanding theoretical result that has been demonstrated in the Deutsch-CTC model is the computational equivalence of a classical and a quantum computer in the presence of a CTC. In this article, in order to explore the possible implications for the foundations of quantum mechanics of that equivalence, a fundamental particle is modelled as a classical-like system supplemented with an information space in which a randomizer and a classical Turing machine are stored. The particle could then generate quantum behavior in real time in case it was controlled by a classical algorithm coding the rules of quantum mechanics and, in addition, a logical circuit simulating a CTC was present on its information space. The conditions that, through the action of evolution under natural selection, might produce a population of such particles with both elements on their information spaces from initial sheer random behavior are analyzed.
Differential Cellular Sensing of Fusion from within and Fusion from without during Virus Infection
Authors: Hare David N. , Murdza Tetyana , Collins Susan , Schulz Katharina , Mukherjee Subhendu , de Antueno Roberto , Janssen Luke , Duncan Roy , Mossman Karen L.
Published: January 2023

The physical entry of virus particles into cells triggers an innate immune response that is dependent on both calcium and nucleic acid sensors, with particles containing RNA or DNA genomes detected by RNA or DNA sensors, respectively. While membrane fusion in the absence of viral nucleic acid causes an innate immune response that is dependent on calcium, the involvement of nucleic acid sensors is poorly understood. Here, we used lipoplexes containing purified reovirus p14 fusion protein as a model of exogenous or fusion from without and a cell line expressing inducible p14 protein as a model of endogenous or fusion from within to examine cellular membrane fusion sensing events. We show that the cellular response to membrane fusion in both models is dependent on calcium, IRF3 and IFN. The method of sensing fusion, however, differs between fusion from without and fusion from within. Exogenous p14 lipoplexes are detected by RIG-I-like RNA sensors, whereas fusion by endogenous p14 requires both RIG-I and STING to trigger an IFN response. The source of nucleic acid that is sensed appears to be cellular in origin. Future studies will investigate the source of endogenous nucleic acids recognized following membrane fusion events.
Genetic Diversity of the LTR Region of Polish SRLVs and Its Impact on the Transcriptional Activity of Viral Promoters
Authors: Olech Monika , Kuźmak Jacek
Published: January 2023

A long terminal repeat (LTR) plays an indispensable role in small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) gene expression. In this study, we present the LTR sequence of Polish SRLVs representing different subtypes, and analyzed their impact on SRLV promoter activity, as measured in transient transfection assays. Although certain nucleotide motifs (AML(vis), TATA box and the polyadenylation site (AATAAA)) were conserved across sequences, numerous mutations within the LTR sequences have been identified. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in both regulatory (AP-1, AP-4, Stat and Gas) and non-regulatory sequences, and subtype-specific genetic diversity in the LTR region of Polish SRLVs was observed. In vitro assays demonstrated subtype-specific functional differences between the LTR regions of distinct SRLV subtypes. Our results revealed that the promoter activity of Polish strains was lower (1.64–10.8-fold) than that noted for the K1514 reference strain; however, the differences in most cases were not statistically significant. The lowest promoter activity was observed for strains representing subtype A5 (mean 69.067) while the highest promoter activity was observed for strain K1514 representing subtype A1 (mean 373.48). The mean LTR activities of strains representing subtypes A12, A17, A23, A18 and A24 were 91.22, 137.21, 178.41, 187.05 and 236.836, respectively. The results of the inter-subtype difference analysis showed that the promoter activity of strains belonging to subtype A5 was significantly lower than that for subtype A12 strains (1.32-fold; p < 0.00). The promoter activities of the A5 strain were 1.98-fold and 2.58-fold less active than that of the A17 and A23 strains, and the promoter activities of A12 strains were 1.955 and 1.5 times lower than the promoter activity of A23 and A17 strains, respectively. Furthermore, the promoter activity of A17 strains was 1.3 lower than the promoter activity of A23 strains. Our findings suggest that subtype-specific genetic diversity, mainly in the transcription factor’s binding sites, has an impact on their transcriptional activity, producing a distinct activity pattern for the subtypes. This study provides new information that is important for better understanding the function of the SRLV LTR. However, further research including more strains and subtypes as well as other cell lines is needed to confirm these findings.
Factors Associated with Spontaneous Clearance of Recently Acquired Hepatitis C Virus among HIV-Positive Men in Brazil
Authors: Ferrufino Rosario Quiroga , Rodrigues Camila , Figueiredo Gerusa Maria , Gleison Daniel , Yapura Silvia , de Matos Maria Laura Mariano , Witkin Steven S. , Mendes-Correa Maria Cássia
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The objective of the present study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of recently acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the frequency of its spontaneous clearance in a people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) cohort. Methods: We reviewed the medical records from all PLWH at the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outpatient reference clinic affiliated with the University of São Paulo, Brazil, and identified, by immunoassays and RNA-PCR individuals who acquired HCV infection between January 2015 and December 2017. The factors associated with subsequent spontaneous clearance of the infection in this group were identified and analyzed. Results: Among 3143 PLWH individuals, 362 (11.5%) were coinfected with HCV. Forty-eight (13.2%) of these subjects first became HCV-positive between January 2015 and December 2017. Spontaneous HCV clearance was documented in 23 individuals (47.9%). The majority of this latter group were male (83.3%), and the median age was 31 years (23–39). The main risk group for HCV acquisition was men who had sex with men (MSM) (89.5%). In a multivariate analysis, only an elevated CD4+ T lymphocyte count at the time of seroconversion was found to be associated with subsequent HCV clearance (p = 0.025). Conclusions: In HIV-infected individuals in Sao Paulo, Brazil, most cases of recent HCV transmission were by sexual exposure. In PLWH, particularly in MSM, the individual’s CD4+ T lymphocyte count is a determinant of whether an acquired HCV infection will be prolonged or will spontaneously clear.
Dietary Complex Probiotic Supplementation Changed the Composition of Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Improved the Average Daily Gain of Growing Pigs
Authors: Wang Juan , Li Shuwei , Tang Wenjie , Diao Hui , Zhang Hongfu , Yan Honglin , Liu Jingbo
Published: January 2023

At present, probiotics are being extensively evaluated for their efficacy as an alternative to antibiotics, and their safety in livestock production. In this study, 128 (Duroc, Yorkshire and Landrace) pigs with an average initial body weight of 28.38 ± 0.25 kg were allocated to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete-block design. There were eight pens per treatment, with four pigs per pen (two barrows and two gilts). Dietary treatments included: (1) control diet; (2) control diet + 0.05% complex probiotic; (3) control diet + 0.1% complex probiotic; (4) control diet + 0.2% complex probiotic. During the 28-day experimental period, the feeding of 0.1% complex probiotic in the diet increased body weight and average daily gain (p < 0.05). The addition of complex probiotics decreased total cholesterol and glucose concentrations in the blood (p < 0.01). Acetate concentrations in the blood increased from 0.1% complex probiotic in the diet (p < 0.05), while NH3 and H2S emissions in the feces decreased (p < 0.05) from 0.1% or 0.2% complex probiotic in the diet. In conclusion, dietary complex probiotic supplementation changed the composition of intestinal short-chain fatty acids and improved growth performance for growing pigs.
Effectiveness of the Seesaw System as a Means of Seismic Upgrading in Older, Non-Ductile Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Authors: Katsimpini Panagiota S. , Papagiannopoulos George A.
Published: January 2023

This work investigates and discusses the effectiveness of the seesaw system when installed in an older, non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) building for seismic upgrading purposes. In particular, two different configurations of the seesaw system are assumed in a two-storey 3D RC framed building which was designed according to older seismic provisions and, thus, is susceptible to flexural and shear failures. To check if there is any merit in employing the seesaw system in this RC building, non-linear time-history (NLTH) analyses are conducting using 11 seismic motions. Peak values for inter-story drift ratios (IDR), residual inter-story drift ratios (RIDR) and floor accelerations (FA) are computed, and the sequence and cause (i.e., due to surpass of flexural or shear strength) of plastic hinge formations are monitored. Leaving aside any issues related to fabrication and cost, interpretation of the results obtained by the aforementioned seismic response indices for the RC building under study leads to the conclusion that the seesaw system can be a retrofitting scheme for the seismic upgrading of older, non-ductile RC framed buildings.
Delphi Study: Designing Training to Enable Visual Impairment Services to Promote Physical Activity
Authors: Lindsay Rosie K. , Smith Lee , Allen Peter M.
Published: January 2023

Research suggests adults with visual impairment would increase their physical activity (PA) if they were advised to by a professional working in visual impairment services. However, there are no training programs which are targeted at enabling these professionals to promote PA. Therefore, this study aims to inform a UK-based training program which facilitates PA promotion within visual impairment services. A modified Delphi technique was used, consisting of a focus group and two rounds of surveys. The panel included 17 experts in round one, and 12 experts in round two. Consensus was defined as equal to or greater than 70% agreement. The panel agreed training should: educate professionals on PA benefits, injury prevention, and wellbeing, address myths associated with PA, address health and safety concerns, help professionals to find local PA opportunities, and include a networking session for professionals in visual impairment services and local PA providers. The panel agreed training should also target PA providers and volunteers for visual impairment services, and that training should be delivered online and in-person. In conclusion, training should provide professionals with the capability to promote PA and to establish stakeholder partnerships. The present findings can inform future research which tests the panel’s recommendations.
Hydrogeophysical and Hydrochemical Assessment of the Northeastern Coastal Aquifer of Egypt for Desalination Suitability
Authors: Abdelfattah Mohamed , Abu-Bakr Heba Abdel-Aziz , Mewafy Farag M. , Hassan Taher Mohammed , Geriesh Mohamed H. , Saber Mohamed , Gaber Ahmed
Published: January 2023

Recently the limited freshwater resources have become one of the most significant challenges facing Egypt. Thus, new resources of drinkable water are required to meet the growing population demands and the national projects, to support the country’s economy. Saline groundwater desalination is an option that can support limited freshwater resources. This research represents a detailed analysis of hydrogeological and hydrochemical characteristics of a coastal aquifer in the West Port Said area, northeastern Egypt, to assess the desalination suitability of the aquifer, especially when the nearby seawater is contaminated. The hydrogeological characterization included various integrated approaches: geophysical survey, field investigations, wells drilling, well logging, pumping tests, and water sampling. The results show that: (1) The subsurface lithology consists of sandstone and clay, and three water bearing layers: A, B and C. (2) The average porosity values are 22%, 27.5%, and 25% for layers A, B, and C, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity values fall in the ranges of 5.8–12.7 m/day for layer A, 7.6–11.7 m/day for layer B, and 11.1–19.5 m/day for layer C, while the highest transmissivity values are in ranges of 5.8 × 102–12.7 × 102 m2/day for layer A, 7.6 × 102–11.7 × 102 m2/day for layer B and 11.1 × 102–19.5 × 102 m2/day for layer C. (3) The average storage values are 2.1 × 10−3, 1.8 × 10−3 and 5.3 × 10−3 in layers A, B and C, respectively. (4) Layers A and B showed Na-Cl-type, similar to seawater, but free from oil pollution. These results show layer B’s higher productivity and better quality. Despite the salinity, desalination technology can improve.
Propagation Modeling of Rainfall-Induced Landslides: A Case Study of the Shaziba Landslide in Enshi, China
Authors: Wei Li , Cheng Hualin , Dai Zili
Published: January 2023

Geological disasters, especially landslides, frequently occur in Enshi County, Hubei Province, China. On 21 July 2020, a large-scale landslide occurred in Enshi due to continuous rainfall. The landslide mass blocked the Qingjiang River, formed a dammed lake and caused great damage to surrounding roads and village buildings. In this study, the geomechanical properties of the landslide mass were obtained through field surveys. A three-dimensional topography model of the slope was established using the particle flow code (PFC) and the numerical parameters of the model were calibrated. A 3D discrete element model (DEM) was used to simulate the propagation of Shaziba landslide, and the dynamic behavior of the landslide was divided into five stages. The simulation results show that the landslide movement lasted approximately 1000 s. The maximum average velocity of the landslide reached up to 7.5 m/s and the average runout distance was about 1000 m. The simulated morphology of the landslide deposits was in good agreement with the field data. In addition, the influence of effective modulus on the calculation results was analyzed. The results indicate that the propagation behavior of a landslide and the morphology of landslide deposits are closely related to the effective modulus in the contact model of the PFC3D.
Long-Term Operation of a Pilot-Scale Sulfur-Based Autotrophic Denitrification System for Deep Nitrogen Removal
Authors: Wang Yan , Xu Weiyi , Yang Xue , Ren Zhengming , Huang Kaiwen , Qian Feiyue , Li Ji
Published: January 2023

Sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification is a novel biological denitrification process characterized by the absence of an organic carbon source, a short reaction time, a high denitrification rate, a low treatment cost, and a small footprint. However, the technique is facing challenges with respect to engineering applications. In this study, a pilot-scale sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification system was established with an optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 0.21 h, which achieved the highest denitrification load of 1158 mg/(L·d) and a denitrification rate of 164 gNO3−-N/(m3·h). Effective backwashing is the basis for the long-term stable and efficient nitrogen removal performance, which recovered its normal nitrogen removal performance within 0.5 h. In addition, the operation cost is merely 0.013 $/t, indicating that the sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process presents good economic applicability, and the relatively low operation cost will lay a foundation for practical application.
Impacts of Extreme Rainfalls on Sewer Overflows and WSUD-Based Mitigation Strategies: A Review
Authors: Muttil Nitin , Nasrin Tasnim , Sharma Ashok K.
Published: January 2023

Extreme rainfall events cause an increase in the flow into aging sewer networks, which can lead to Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs). This literature review presents a complete assessment of the application of Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) approaches as mitigation strategies for reducing rainfall-induced SSOs. The review highlights the various WSUD techniques identified in past studies for reducing sewer overflows. In these studies, it was identified that permeable pavements, green roofs, raingardens/bio-retention cells and rainwater tanks were the most popular WSUD strategies that have been extensively used in the past for the mitigation of sewer overflows. WSUD or “green” approaches also have enormous environmental, social and economic benefits when compared to the conventional “gray” approaches for sewer overflow mitigation. However, there have been limited studies conducted in the past that highlight and quantify the benefits of WSUD approaches for sewer overflow mitigation, particularly when such strategies are applied at a large scale (e.g., city scale). This review has identified the modelling software, SWMM, to be the most widely applied tool that has been used in the literature for WSUD modelling. It was also identified that with climate change-induced extreme rainfall events on the increase, WSUD-based “green” strategies alone may not be enough for the mitigation of sewer overflows. A suitable sewer overflow mitigation strategy could be green or a hybrid green-gray strategy, which would need to be identified based on a detailed context specific analysis.
The Ibadan Hydrogeophysics Research Site (IHRS)—An Observatory for Studying Hydrological Heterogeneities in A Crystalline Basement Aquifer in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Doro Kennedy O. , Adegboyega Christianah O. , Aizebeokhai Ahzegbobor P. , Oladunjoye Michael A.
Published: January 2023

Crystalline basement aquifers are important drinking water sources in Nigeria and several sub-Saharan African countries. However, an understanding of their local flow and transport processes and pathways is missing due to limited research. The implication has been their suboptimal management, with frequently reported dry wells and groundwater contaminations. To address this challenge, the Ibadan Hydrogeophysics Research Site was established in 2019 as the first field-scale hydrogeological research laboratory in Nigeria to advance understanding of the geologic, hydraulic, and hydrogeochemical variabilities within crystalline basement aquifers. The over 22,500 m2 research site with a 50 m × 50 m area used for active hydraulic testing is located within the University of Ibadan campus and is instrumented with four initial test wells extending through the weathered and fractured zones to a depth of 30 m each. Preliminary hydrogeological and geophysical studies focused on obtaining a conceptual model and knowledge of hydraulic heterogeneities to aid in detailed experimental and numerical studies. A combination of lithological logs and electrical resistivity revealed areas with subvertical fractures as low-resistivity zones (<200 Ωm), and a pumping test revealed a hydraulic conductivity range of 1.9 × 10−10 to 7.2 × 10−6 m/s. The drawdown–time curve shows flow from single-plane vertical fractures. The results of this study will serve as a basis for further targeted field and numerical studies for the investigation of variability in groundwater flow in complex crystalline basement aquifers. The presented field site is posed to support the adaptation and development of field methods for studying local heterogeneities within these aquifers in Nigeria.
Influencing Factors of Submarine Scouring and Siltation Changes in Offshore Area of Shandong Peninsula
Authors: Zhang Zhuoli , Gao Wei , Li Ping , Liu Jie , Xu Yuanqin , Wei Xia , Li Anlong
Published: January 2023

This study constructs a digital elevation model of the coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula using GIS-based interpolation methods to investigate the 15-year characteristics of seabed scouring and siltation. It utilizes depth data of the Shandong Peninsula’s offshore area between 2004 and 2006 and 2017 and 2019. The results indicated that the Shandong Peninsula’s coastal-water seabed is characterized by integral siltation and local point scouring. In addition, the northwest Shandong Peninsula is dominated by siltation, mainly distributed between 2 and 5 m isobaths, with the largest siltation area located in Laizhou Bay. The net volume of siltation is 2.13 × 108 m3, the siltation rate is 0.152 × 108 m3.a−1, and the scouring is concentrated in the estuary and the west coast of Laizhou Bay. Scouring and siltation balance generally characterize the seabed in the northern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula, and the degree of scouring and siltation is weak. The siltation occurs primarily near the land area, while scouring occurs as the sea deepens. In the northeast of the Shandong Peninsula, the degree of scouring and siltation is extreme, and their distribution range is small, whereas in the south, siltation is distributed in large bays and straight coastal offshore waters, and its degree is relatively weak. At the southernmost end of the study area, the scouring and siltation in Jiaozhou Bay are spatially distributed and balanced. In reality, the key factors affecting the distribution of coastal-seabed scouring and siltation are materials transported by river sediment, coastal scouring, and human activities.
Meteorological Influences on Reference Evapotranspiration in Different Geographical Regions
Authors: Ghafouri-Azar Mona , Lee Sang-Il
Published: January 2023

It is critical to understand how meteorological variables impact reference evapotranspiration (ETo) since meteorological variables have a different effect on ETo. This study examined the impact of meteorological variables on ETo on the Korean Peninsula under complex climatic and geographic conditions in order to understand how ETo and meteorological variables have changed over the past 42 years. Different geographical conditions were analyzed, including plains, mountains, and coastal areas on a seasonal and annual basis. ETo was estimated using the Penman-Monteith method by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) using daily relative humidity (RH), solar radiation (Rs), maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), and wind speed (Ws). According to the results, the maximum mean seasonal and annual ETo occurred on the southern coast, while the minimum occurred in the mountainous area and along the east coast. Seasonal ETo is highest in summer, and is lowest in winter for all regions. The investigation of meteorological variables on ETo revealed that the response varied by area, and the magnitudes of sensitivity varied by location and season. RH is the most critical meteorological variable to affect ETo in all seasons, except summer, when Tmin is the most sensitive parameter. The results revealed that different regions showed different responses to the change in ETo by changing the meteorological variables. Meteorological variables affecting ETo differ with different geologic conditions and seasons. in mountainous areas revealed almost similar responses to the change in RH, Rs, and Tmax (±10% change in ETo) during the spring season. However, for other regions, RH and Tmax caused changes to ETo throughout, ranging from −15% to +20% in the plain area, −20% to +15% in the west and east coast, and −20% to +10% in the south coast. In addition, there were significant differences in parameter responses between regions and seasons, which was confirmed by the results.
STATUS KEWARGANEGARAAN ANAK DARI HASIL IBU PENGGANTI (SURROGATE MOTHER) ANTARA AMERIKA SERIKAT DAN INDIA
Authors: Zaki Muhammad Reza Syariffudin , Ramadiani Alma Dwi
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out how the issue of citizenship status for children of surrogacy is handled in the United States and India and how two of these countries regulate it. As we know most of the cases involving children of surrogacy are often stateless because the countries involved do not have clear regulation regarding the citizenship status. The research method used is judicial normative approach. By examining library materials or secondary data, which include primary and secondary legal materials

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana isu status kewarganegaraan bagi anak hasil sewa rahim ditangani di Amerika Serikat dan India dan bagaimana kedua negara ini mengaturnya. Sebagaimana yang kita tahu kebanyakan dari kasus anak hasil sewa rahim seringkali tidak memiliki kewarganegaraan karena negara-negara yang terlibat tidak memiliki aturan yang jelas terkaitnya. Adapun metode penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yuridis, dengan meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder, yang mungkin mencakup bahan hukum primer dan sekunder.
MODEL PENCEGAHAN KEJAHATAN SEKSUAL DI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN
Authors: Jamaludin Ahmad , Prayuti Yuyut
Published: January 2023

Islamic boarding schools must be a safe and friendly place for students and female students. Pesantren educational institutions must be perpendicular to the objectives of the establishment of the pesantren, among others, teaching the values ​​of Islamic teachings in order to improve and make society much better. However, on the other hand, there are several Islamic boarding schools that are suspected of having committed a sexual crime against their students. What is more worrying is that the sexual crime was committed by the teacher or instructor of the pesantren. There needs to be preventive efforts to respond to the number of sexual crimes in Islamic boarding schools so that these incidents do not happen again. In addition to carrying out legal protection for victims which is one form of protection, prevention efforts are also part of the concept of protecting students and female students in Islamic boarding schools.

The purpose of this study was to find out how the urgency of regulating efforts to prevent sexual violence in Islamic Boarding Schools and the second to realize the sexual crime prevention model at Islamic Boarding Schools in protecting santri and female students.

This research was conducted using descriptive analysis method, namely providing researched data about the condition of the object under study, namely victims and the concept of preventing sexual crimes in Islamic Boarding Schools associated with laws and regulations, and normative juridical methods. The data obtained from library research is supported by field research and then analyzed qualitatively.

Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that efforts to prevent sexual violence from Islamic boarding schools could be carried out by strengthening state, government and government supervision of Islamic boarding schools, conducting legal counseling on the dangers of sexual crimes so that students and female students could act when receiving sexual crimes, making a sexual crime complaint post at the Institute. Islamic boarding school education and supervision of Islamic boarding schools by the Ministry of Religion.
PERKAWINAN LINTAS IMAN DITINJAU DARI HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM POSITIF DI INDONESIA
Authors: Putri Tjandra Odelia Christy , Hasugian Kevin Kusumaatmaja
Published: January 2023

In general, every human being will appearing the desire to live side by side with another, to bulid for a hapy family. Based on one belief and same decisions that they want to educate with their descendants with good religious. Whereas, not a few copules who get married  with diffrent beliefs. It cannot be denied that there is no boundaries and limit to build a social contact and interaction between them. Moreover, there are a problems in the regulation and recording of whether or not an interfaith marriage is legal, the procedures that must be prpeared well and the substance of the marriage law which does not provide spaces for copules to carry out marriages of diffrent religions. The result of the research used by empirical juridical which is data are obtained based on empirical and juridical aspects. This research approach, and the reasearch’s team uses a qualitative approach because of the problems related to humans are fundamentally based on our observations. The purpose of writing this journal is to find out how Indonesia is able to regulate interfaith marriage in terms of positive law, and islamic law. Second, as well as what strategies are carried out by prospective copules who want to carry out interfaith marriage.
TINDAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU PENYEBARAN VIRUS KOMPUTER MELALUI E-MAIL (CYBER SPAMMING) BERDASARKAN KETENTUAN TENTANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Hassanah Hetty
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the legal actions that can be taken against perpetrators of spreading komputer viruses via email (cyber spamming) based on applicable law. The research is descriptive analytical, using a normative juridical approach, through laws and regulations related to information technology, then the data obtained are analyzed in a qualitative juridical manner. The results of the study show that the act of spreading komputer viruses via email (cyber spamming) can be applied to the provisions of Article 30 paragraph (2) in conjunction with Article 46 paragraph (2) of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, provided that it must be proven that the actions taken by the perpetrators fulfill the subjective and objective elements of the article. The conclusion obtained from this research is that the act of spreading komputer viruses via email (cyber spamming) is a violation of the law as regulated in the Electronic Information and Transaction Law and the perpetrators must be given legal sanctions according to applicable regulations. The impact of this research is that the government must always supervise the development of information technology and violations that occur so that they are always accommodated by existing regulations, besides that the public must always be careful in using internet-based information media.
KAJIAN NORMA PANCASILA TERHADAP PENERAPAN SANKSI PIDANA MATI DALAM HUKUM POSITIF DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rangkuti Irvino
Published: January 2023

Pancasila's life vision is based on the fact that the universe and all the harmony in it were created by God Almighty. There is nothing in the universe that is different in composition from other universes. Maintaining order means upholding human dignity so that Pancasila has a legal reference for self-protection in the passive and active sense. The subject of the death penalty has become the concern of criminal law experts, criminologists, and victimologists, especially related to the philosophy of punishment, according to which the purpose of punishment is not only to frighten the convict but also to attract attention. Basically certain qualifying activities are activities that directly violate human dignity and/or endanger the existence of human society. Therefore, the purpose of capital punishment is only to prevent other people from committing acts that lead to the imposition of capital punishment. The death penalty in Indonesia is still required for serious crimes, including premeditated murder, those guilty of genocide and crimes against humanity, drug dealers, high-level corruption, and terrorists. The position of the Special Criminal Law in the criminal justice system complements the criminal law codified in the Criminal Code in terms of increasing the threat of punishment for crimes that threaten the implementation of clothing and food facilities; Law Number 21 of 1959 (Prp) concerning Threats of Economic Crimes; Atomic Energy Regulation No. 31 of 1964.
IMPLEMENTASI HAK PARTISIPASI PEMUDA DALAM PEMERINTAHAN DESA
Authors: Rohman Abdul
Published: January 2023

Pada era globalisasi para pemuda cenderung menyibukan diri secara individualis serta tidak partisipatif dalam Pemerintahan Desa. Padahal ikut serta dalam pemerintahan dijamin haknya oleh konstitusi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan gambaran tentang hak partisipasi pemuda dalam Pemerintahan Desa, serta memaparkan bentuk Implementasinya pada Desa Linggar Kabupaten Bandung. Metode penelitian normative dipilih penulis dengan sumber utama bahan pustaka yang dilengkapi hasil wawancara berusaha mendapatkan jawaban paling relevan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dalam peraturan perundang-undangan hak pemuda sangat dijamin, mulai ikut serta terlibat menjadi perangkat Desa, Mengembangkan keilmuan yang mereka dapatkan dari bangku pendidikan sehingga menjadi sumbangsi pemikiran sebagai tokoh masyarakat yang berkontibusi pada berbagai musyawarah Desa, serta Desa Linggar telah mengimplementasikan pemberian hak partisipasi pemuda dalam pemerintahan, diantaranya adalah memberikan bimbingan teknis relawan pendataan Desa berbasis Sustainable Development Goals, mengadakan rekrutmen tenaga kerja mandiri, dan melibatkan pemuda pada karang taruna Desa. Sehingga pemuda memiliki kesempatan untuk mengembangkan potensi dirinya dalam membangun masyarakat secara berkelanjutan di era modern.
CRANIUMDA BULUNAN SUTURLARIN MORFOMETRİK OLARAK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: BAĞCI UZUN Gökçe , NİSARİ Mehtap
Published: January 2023

Suturaların erken kaynaşması kraniyosinostoz olarak adlandırılır. Çalışmamızda kafatasında ölçümler yapılarak, cerrahi operasyonlarda ameliyat yerinin tespit edilmesine yardımcı olmak ve literatüre katkı sağlanmak amaçlandı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Anatomi Anabilim dalında yer alan 22 adet kafatası dijital kumpas ve mezura kullanılarak ölçümler yapıldı. Ölçülen parametereler sırasıyla: Sutura coronalis uzunluğu (SCU),Sutura sagittalis uzunluğu (SSU), Sutura lamboidea uzunluğu (SLU),Sağ-sol asterion arası mesafe (AAM), Sutura coronalis orta noktası (Bregma) – Sutura nasalis (Nasion) arası mesafe (BN), Nasion-Lambda arası mesafe (NLM), Nasion- İniondan geçen baş çevresi (NİBC), Lambda- İnion arası uzunluk (LİU), Pterion-Asterion arası Uzunluk (PAU), Asterion-İnion arası Uzunluk (AİU), Asterion- Prosesssus mastoideus arası mesafe (APM), Pterion- Prosesssus mastoideus arası mesafe (PMU), Pterion- İnion arası mesafe (PİM)’dir. Bu veriler IBM SPSS istatistik yazılımı (versiyon 15.0) kullanılarak hesaplama yapılmıştır. Yapılan ölçümlerimiz; PAU: 94.23±8.0-95.59±8.94 mm, AİU 71.97±9.85-67.55±8.42 mm, APM: 52.96±8.58-52.99± 9.19 mm, PMU: 86.68±11.37- 87.18±12.40 mm, PİM: 130.04±10.63-128.93±15.60 mm, SCU: 120.22±5.29 mm, SSU: 112.67± 8.71 mm, SLU: 153.95±26.18 mm, AAM: 106.91±14.19 mm, BN: 118.71± 19.44 mm, NLM: 162.16±15.12 mm, LİU:65.63±19.00, NİBC: 49.09± 1.37 cm olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, elde ettiğimiz cranium’a ait bu indeks değerlerinin beyin cerrahisinde klinisyenlere ve literatüre katkı sağlayacağını düşünmekteyiz.
THE EFFECT OF THE EDUCATION LEVELS OF DENTAL STUDENTS ON THEIR DENTAL ANXIETY
Authors: AYATA Mustafa , ERASLAN Ravza
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare dental anxiety levels among first-, second-, third-, fourth- and fifth-year dental students. To evaluate the level of dental anxiety against dental interventions, online questionnaires were applied to first year (n=96), second year (n=96), third year (n=109), fourth year (n=107) and fifth year (n=92) dental students. The students' demographic information (age, gender) was also recorded. These questionnaires included the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). The students whose MDAS score was ≥19 were considered as highly anxious. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24 (IBM SPSS, USA). This study was conducted with a total of 500 students including 220 male and 280 female students. The students with an MDAS score of 19 (having dental anxiety) were 23 people (4.6%) in total. No statistically significant difference was found between the class years of the students in terms of their mean MDAS scores (p: 0.387). When the responses given to the 5 items in MDAS were evaluated, only the responses given to the 1st and 5th questions had statistically significant differences (p
COMPARISON OF MANUAL PRESSURE AND SHOTBLOCKER ON PAIN AND SATISFACTION IN INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: KAPLAN Ali , GÜLER Sevil , AVŞAROĞULLARI Ömer Levent
Published: January 2023

Intramuscular injection pain can create a negative experience for both patients and nurses performing the application. It has been recently become more important to reduce the pain and anxiety caused by injection in nursing care due to the prominence of the concept of quality in health services. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of manual pressure applied before injection and ShotBlocker on pain and injection satisfaction associated with intramuscular injection. This research is a randomized controlled experimental clinical trial. The sample of the study was composed of a total of 120 people over 18 years of age who applied to the emergency department of a university hospital. The participants were assigned to the ShotBlocker (40), the manual pressure (40) and the control group (40) with a randomization list generated using a computer. Visual Analog Scale and Injection Satisfaction Form were applied to the patients in the first minute after the injection. The ShotBlocker and the manual pressure groups had lower pain levels and higher injection satisfaction levels compared to the control group. Therefore, manual pressure and ShotBlocker are recommended to reduce pain associated with intramuscular injection and increase injection satisfaction.