bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A chemogenetic screen reveals that Trpv1-expressing neurons control regulatory T cells in the gut
Authors: Zhu Yangyang , Meerschaert Kimberly A. , Galvan-Pena Silvia , Bin Na-Ryum , Yang Daping , Basu Himanish , Kawamoto Ryo , Shalaby Amre , Liberles Stephen D. , Mathis Diane , Benoist Christophe , Chiu Isaac M.
Published: August 2024

Neuroimmune cross-talk participates in intestinal tissue homeostasis and host defense. However, the matrix of interactions between arrays of molecularly defined neuron subsets and of immunocyte lineages remains unclear. We used a chemogenetic approach to activate eight distinct neuronal subsets, assessing effects by deep immunophenotyping, microbiome profiling, and immunocyte transcriptomics in intestinal organs. Distinct immune perturbations followed neuronal activation: Nitrergic neurons regulated T helper 17 (T
H
17)–like cells, and cholinergic neurons regulated neutrophils. Nociceptor neurons, expressing Trpv1, elicited the broadest immunomodulation, inducing changes in innate lymphocytes, macrophages, and RORγ
+
regulatory T (T
reg
) cells. Neuroanatomical, genetic, and pharmacological follow-up showed that Trpv1
+
neurons in dorsal root ganglia decreased T
reg
cell numbers via the neuropeptide calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP). Given the role of these neurons in nociception, these data potentially link pain signaling with gut T
reg
cell function.
Convergent evolution of plant prickles by repeated gene co-option over deep time
Authors: Satterlee James W. , Alonso David , Gramazio Pietro , Jenike Katharine M. , He Jia , Arrones Andrea , Villanueva Gloria , Plazas Mariola , Ramakrishnan Srividya , Benoit Matthias , Gentile Iacopo , Hendelman Anat , Shohat Hagai , Fitzgerald Blaine , Robitaille Gina M. , Green Yumi , Swartwood Kerry , Passalacqua Michael J. , Gagnon Edeline , Hilgenhof Rebecca , Huggins Trevis D. , Eizenga Georgia C. , Gur Amit , Rutten Twan , Stein Nils , Yao Shengrui , Poncet Adrien , Bellot Clement , Frary Amy , Knapp Sandra , Bendahmane Mohammed , Särkinen Tiina , Gillis Jesse , Van Eck Joyce , Schatz Michael C. , Eshed Yuval , Prohens Jaime , Vilanova Santiago , Lippman Zachary B.
Published: August 2024

An enduring question in evolutionary biology concerns the degree to which episodes of convergent trait evolution depend on the same genetic programs, particularly over long timescales. In this work, we genetically dissected repeated origins and losses of prickles—sharp epidermal projections—that convergently evolved in numerous plant lineages. Mutations in a cytokinin hormone biosynthetic gene caused at least 16 independent losses of prickles in eggplants and wild relatives in the genus
Solanum
. Homologs underlie prickle formation across angiosperms that collectively diverged more than 150 million years ago, including rice and roses. By developing new
Solanum
genetic systems, we leveraged this discovery to eliminate prickles in a wild species and an indigenously foraged berry. Our findings implicate a shared hormone activation genetic program underlying evolutionarily widespread and recurrent instances of plant morphological innovation.
Enhanced cation interaction in perovskites for efficient tandem solar cells with silicon
Authors: Ugur Esma , Said Ahmed Ali , Dally Pia , Zhang Shanshan , Petoukhoff Christopher E. , Rosas-Villalva Diego , Zhumagali Shynggys , Yildirim Bumin K. , Razzaq Arsalan , Sarwade Shruti , Yazmaciyan Aren , Baran Derya , Laquai Frédéric , Deger Caner , Yavuz Ilhan , Allen Thomas G. , Aydin Erkan , De Wolf Stefaan
Published: August 2024

To achieve the full potential of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, crystal defects and film inhomogeneities in the perovskite top cell must be minimized. We discuss the use of methylenediammonium dichloride as an additive to the perovskite precursor solution, resulting in the incorporation of in situ–formed tetrahydrotriazinium (THTZ-H
+
) into the perovskite lattice upon film crystallization. The cyclic nature of the THTZ-H
+
cation enables a strong interaction with the lead octahedra of the perovskite lattice through the formation of hydrogen bonds with iodide in multiple directions. This structure improves the device power conversion efficiency (PCE) and phase stability of 1.68 electron volts perovskites under prolonged light and heat exposure under 1-sun illumination at 85°C. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandems incorporating THTZ-H
+
in the perovskite photo absorber reached a 33.7% independently certified PCE for a device area of 1 square centimeter.
A molecular anion pump
Authors: Shao Baihao , Fu Heyifei , Aprahamian Ivan
Published: August 2024

Pumping ions against a concentration gradient through protein-based transporters is a cornerstone of numerous biological processes. Mimicking this function by using artificial receptors remains a daunting challenge, mainly because of the difficulties in balancing between the requirement for high binding affinities and precise and on-demand ion capture and release properties. We report a trimeric hydrazone photoswitch-based receptor that converts light energy into work by actively transporting chloride anion against a gradient through a dichloromethane liquid membrane, functioning as a molecular pump. The system manifests ease of synthesis, bistability, excellent photoswitching properties, and superb ON-OFF binding properties (difference of up to six orders of magnitude).
Navigating internal senses: A road map for the vagal interoceptive system
Authors: Zhao Qiancheng
Published: August 2024

A road map for the vagal interoceptive system
A sharp discovery
Authors: Kellogg Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2024

Plant prickles are controlled by genes involved in the final step of cytokinin biosynthesis
The harms of promoting the lab leak hypothesis for SARS-CoV-2 origins without evidence
Authors: Alwine James , Goodrum Felicia , Banfield Bruce , Bloom David , Britt William J. , Broadbent Andrew J. , Campos Samuel K. , Casadevall Arturo , Chan Gary C. , Cliffe Anna R. , Dermody Terence , Duprex Paul , Enquist Lynn W. , Frueh Klaus , Geballe Adam P. , Gaglia Marta , Goldstein Stephen , Greninger Alexander L. , Gronvall Gigi Kwick , Jung Jae U. , Kamil Jeremy P. , Lakdawala Seema , Liu Shan-Lu , Luftig Micah , Moore John P. , Moscona Anne , Neuman Benjamin W. , Nikolich Janko Ž. , O'Connor Christine , Pekosz Andrew , Permar Sallie , Pfeiffer Julie , Purdy John , Rasmussen Angela , Semler Bert , Smith Gregory A. , Stein David A. , Van Doorslaer Koenraad , Weller Sandra K. , Whelan Sean P. J. , Yurochko Andrew
Published: August 2024

Science is humanity’s best insurance against threats from nature, but it is a fragile enterprise that must be nourished and protected. The preponderance of scientific evidence indicates a natural origin for SARS-CoV-2. Yet, the theory that SARS-CoV-2 was engineered in and escaped from a lab dominates media attention, even in the absence of strong evidence. We discuss how the resulting anti-science movement puts the research community, scientific research, and pandemic preparedness at risk.
Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated DNA vaccine confers protection against swine and human-origin H1N1 influenza viruses
Authors: Nguyen The N. , Lai Danh C. , Sillman Sarah , Petro-Turnquist Erika , Weaver Eric A. , Vu Hiep L. X.
Published: August 2024

In 2009, a novel swine-origin H1N1 virus emerged, causing a pandemic. The virus, known as H1N1pdm09, quickly displaced the circulating H1 lineage and became the dominant seasonal influenza A virus subtype infecting humans. Human-to-swine spillovers of the H1N1pdm09 have occurred frequently, and each occurrence has led to sustained transmission of the human-origin H1N1pdm09 within swine populations. In the present study, we developed a lipid nanoparticle-based DNA vaccine (LNP-DNA) containing the hemagglutinin gene of a swine-origin H1N1pdm09. In pigs, this LNP-DNA vaccine induced a robust antibody response after a single intramuscular immunization and protected the pigs against challenge infection with the homologous swine-origin H1N1pdm09 virus. In a mouse model, the LNP-DNA vaccine induced antibody and T-cell responses and protected mice against lethal challenge with a mouse-adapted human-origin H1N1pdm09 virus. These findings demonstrate the potential of the LNP-DNA vaccine to protect against both swine- and human-origin H1N1pdm09 viruses.

IMPORTANCE

Swine influenza A virus (IAV) is widespread and causes significant economic losses to the swine industry. Moreover, bidirectional transmission of IAV between swine and humans commonly occurs. Once introduced into the swine population, human-origin IAV often reassorts with endemic swine IAV, resulting in reassortant viruses. Thus, it is imperative to develop a vaccine that is not only effective against IAV strains endemic in swine but also capable of preventing the spillover of human-origin IAV. In this study, we developed a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated DNA plasmid vaccine (LNP-DNA) that demonstrates efficacy against both swine- and human-origin H1N1 viruses. The LNP-DNA vaccines are non-infectious and non-viable, meeting the criteria to serve as a vaccine platform for rapidly updating vaccines. Collectively, this LNP-DNA vaccine approach holds great potential for alleviating the impact of IAV on the swine industry and preventing the emergence of reassortant IAV strains.
Subscapular skinfold thickness, not other anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured adiposity, is positively associated with the presence of age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006
Authors: Gedtal Miguel , Woodside Jayne , Wright David , Rayman Margaret , Hogg Ruth Esther
Published: August 2024

Objective

Current literature reveals an association between anthropometric measures of adiposity (AnthM) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but few have explored the disease association with imaging methods. This study aimed to explore the relationship between AMD status and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures (DEXAMs) among a representative sample of the US population, and compare the association with AnthM.

Method

Using a representative sample in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study 2005–2006 (n=1632), DEXAMs across the whole body and waist (ie, android), and relative fat distributions (eg, percentage fat, android-to-total body ratio) were analysed between no AMD (baseline) and any AMD. Bivariate analyses across AMD status were similarly performed for AnthM (ie, body mass index, waist circumference and skinfold thicknesses) and potential confounders (ie, demographics and health-related variables). Significant adiposity measures were analysed using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders.

Results

The participants in the sample were aged 40–69 years, were majority female (52%) and mainly Caucasian (76.5%). Bivariate analysis revealed having any AMD had positive significant associations with android-to-total fat ratio and subscapular skinfold thickness (SSFT). Other AnthM and DEXAMs were not significant. After adjusting age, gender and prescription of cholesterol-lowering medicine, only SSFT remained significantly associated.

Conclusion

SSFT represents an independent risk factor for AMD presence compared with other AnthM and DEXAMs. SSFT is an established method of measuring fat under the skin (ie, subcutaneous fat). Hence, subcutaneous fat may be more relevant in explaining the adiposity–AMD link due to physiological properties specific to the tissue. Limitations include the restricted age range and low numbers of participants with late AMD.
Nasal microRNA signatures for disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a multicentre prospective study
Authors: Kyo Michihito , Zhu Zhaozhong , Shibata Ryohei , Ooka Tadao , Mansbach Jonathan M , Harmon Brennan , Hahn Andrea , Pérez-Losada Marcos , Camargo Carlos A , Hasegawa Kohei
Published: August 2024

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis contributes to a large morbidity and mortality burden globally. While emerging evidence suggests that airway microRNA (miRNA) is involved in the pathobiology of RSV infection, its role in the disease severity remains unclear.

Methods

In this multicentre prospective study of infants (aged<1 year) hospitalised for RSV bronchiolitis, we sequenced the upper airway miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) at hospitalisation. First, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) associated with higher bronchiolitis severity—defined by respiratory support (eg, positive pressure ventilation, high-flow oxygen therapy) use. We also examined the biological significance of miRNAs through pathway analysis. Second, we identified differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) associated with bronchiolitis severity. Last, we constructed miRNA–mRNA coexpression networks and determined hub mRNAs by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA).

Results

In 493 infants hospitalised with RSV bronchiolitis, 19 DEmiRNAs were associated with bronchiolitis severity (eg, miR-27a-3p, miR-26b-5p; false discovery rate<0.10). The pathway analysis using miRNA data identified 1291 bronchiolitis severity-related pathways—for example, regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin. Second, 1298 DEmRNAs were associated with bronchiolitis severity. Last, of these, 190 DEmRNAs were identified as targets of DEmiRNAs and negatively correlated with DEmiRNAs. By applying WGCNA to DEmRNAs, four disease modules were significantly associated with bronchiolitis severity—for example, microtubule anchoring, cell-substrate junction. The hub genes for each of these modules were also identified—for example,PCM1for the microtubule anchoring module,LIMS1for the cell-substrate junction module.

Conclusions

In infants hospitalised for RSV bronchiolitis, airway miRNA–mRNA coexpression network contributes to the pathobiology of bronchiolitis severity.
Long-term liver-related outcomes and liver stiffness progression of statin usage in steatotic liver disease
Authors: Zhou Xiao-Dong , Kim Seung Up , Yip Terry Cheuk-Fung , Petta Salvatore , Nakajima Atsushi , Tsochatzis Emmanuel , Boursier Jérôme , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Hagström Hannes , Chan Wah Kheong , Romero-Gomez Manuel , Calleja José Luis , de Lédinghen Victor , Castéra Laurent , Sanyal Arun J , Goh George Boon-Bee , Newsome Philip N , Fan Jiangao , Lai Michelle , Fournier-Poizat Céline , Lee Hye Won , Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Armandi Angelo , Shang Ying , Pennisi Grazia , Llop Elba , Yoneda Masato , Saint-Loup Marc de , Canivet Clemence M , Lara-Romero Carmen , Gallego-Duràn Rocio , Asgharpour Amon , Teh Kevin Kim-Jun , Mahgoub Sara , Chan Mandy Sau-Wai , Lin Huapeng , Liu Wen-Yue , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun , Zheng Ming-Hua
Published: August 2024

Background

Statins have multiple benefits in patients with metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Aim

To explore the effects of statins on the long-term risk of all-cause mortality, liver-related clinical events (LREs) and liver stiffness progression in patients with MASLD.

Methods

This cohort study collected data on patients with MASLD undergoing at least two vibration-controlled transient elastography examinations at 16 tertiary referral centres. Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the association between statin usage and long-term risk of all-cause mortality and LREs stratified by compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD): baseline liver stiffness measurement (LSM) of ≥10 kPa. Liver stiffness progression was defined as an LSM increase of ≥20% for cACLD and from <10 kPa to ≥10 or LSM for non-cACLD. Liver stiffness regression was defined as LSM reduction from ≥10 kPa to <10 or LSM decrease of ≥20% for cACLD.

Results

We followed up 7988 patients with baseline LSM 5.9 kPa (IQR 4.6–8.2) for a median of 4.6 years. At baseline, 40.5% of patients used statins, and cACLD was present in 17%. Statin usage was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR=0.233; 95% CI 0.127 to 0.426) and LREs (adjusted HR=0.380; 95% CI 0.268 to 0.539). Statin usage was also associated with lower liver stiffness progression rates in cACLD (HR=0.542; 95% CI 0.389 to 0.755) and non-cACLD (adjusted HR=0.450; 95% CI 0.342 to 0.592), but not with liver stiffness regression (adjusted HR=0.914; 95% CI 0.778 to 1.074).

Conclusions

Statin usage was associated with a relatively lower long-term risk of all-cause mortality, LREs and liver stiffness progression in patients with MASLD.
Hemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation during acute exercise in moderate normobaric hypoxia and with concurrent cognitive task in young healthy males
Authors: Doneddu Azzurra , Roberto Silvana , Guicciardi Marco , Pazzona Riccardo , Manca Andrea , Monni Alessandra , Fanni Massimo , Leban Bruno , Ghiani Giovanna , Spranger Marty D. , Mulliri Gabriele , Crisafulli Antonio
Published: August 2024

The present investigation aimed to study the cardiovascular responses and the cerebral oxygenation (Cox) during exercise in acute hypoxia and with contemporary mental stress. Fifteen physically active, healthy males (age 29.0 ± 5.9 years) completed a cardiopulmonary test on a cycle ergometer to determine the workload at their gas exchange threshold (GET). On a separate day, participants performed two randomly assigned exercise tests pedaling for 6 min at a workload corresponding to 80% of the GET: (1) during normoxia (NORMO), and (2) during acute, normobaric hypoxia at 13.5% inspired oxygen (HYPO). During the last 3 min of the exercise, they also performed a mental task (MT). Hemodynamics were assessed with impedance cardiography, and peripheral arterial oxygen saturation and Cox were continuously measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. The main results were that both in NORMO and HYPO conditions, the MT caused a significant increase in the heart rate and ventricular filling rate. Moreover, MT significantly reduced (74.8 ± 5.5 vs. 62.0 ± 5.2 A.U.) Cox, while the reaction time (RT) increased (813.3 ± 110.2 vs. 868.2 ± 118.1 ms) during the HYPO test without affecting the correctness of the answers. We conclude that in young, healthy males, adding an MT during mild intensity exercise in both normoxia and acute moderate (normobaric) hypoxia induces a similar hemodynamic response. However, MT and exercise in HYPO cause a decrease in Cox and an impairment in RT.
Cycles in adult steelhead length suggest interspecific competition in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Vosbigian Ryan , Wendling Logan , Copeland Timothy , Falcy Matthew R.
Published: August 2024

Anadromous fishes rely on abundant prey in the ocean to grow large quickly, but prey limitation leads to interspecific competition. When species interactions are difficult to observe, growth can be studied to detect otherwise cryptic signals of competition. We describe a previously undocumented 2-year cycle in the lengths of adult natural-origin steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) returning to spawn in the Snake River Basin. Returning steelhead were 38 mm shorter on odd return years, not accounting for sex, stock, and years of ocean residence. The well-known cycle in abundance of pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from eastern Kamchatka and North America had statistically significant negative effects on returning steelhead lengths that depended on sex and the number of years of ocean residence. These results suggest that competition for limited resources occurs well after initial ocean entry and that interactions during later stages of ocean residence can be influential. Interspecific competition has implications for future returns of steelhead from the ocean, especially as metabolic demands for steelhead increase as the ocean warms.
Understanding the challenges associated with finding and accessing restricted data in Canada: a mixed methods study
Authors: Read Kevin B. , Gibson Grant , Leahey Amber , Peterson Lynn , Rutley Sarah , Shi Julie , Smith Victoria , Stathis Kelly
Published: August 2024

Data that are restricted are historically challenging for researchers to find and even more difficult to access. While efforts to support open data have expanded in Canada, the same cannot be said for restricted data. To better understand the landscape of restricted data in Canada, this study aimed to accomplish two primary goals: (1) identify data sources where data were restricted and (2) assess a subset of health sciences data sources to determine how well they make their data discoverable and accessible. Our study identified 137 Canadian data sources, where 48 health sciences sources were evaluated for discoverability/accessibility. Data sources received poor grades with respect to data discovery due to a lack of metadata standards (38/48, 79%), an inability to find datasets through searching and browsing (32/46, 70%), and a lack of data documentation to support reuse (27/48, 56%). The absence of pricing information (31/48, 65%) and opaque dataset restrictions (25/48, 52%) were identified as key barriers to the data access request process. This study highlights significant room for improvement with respect to improving the discovery of and access to restricted data in Canada and makes recommendations for how to better support restricted data sources on a national scale.
Gravitational decoupling and aerodynamics: black holes and analog gravity in a jet propulsion lab
Authors: Casadio R. , Souza C. Noberto , Rocha R. da
Published: August 2024

A connection is established between transonic sound waves propagating along a de Laval nozzle and quasinormal modes emitted from hairy black holes obtained with the gravitational decoupling method applied to the Reissner–Nordström geometry. Aerodynamical features provide an analogue setup to test experimentally perturbations of fluid flows in a de Laval nozzle producing quasinormal modes. In particular, nozzle shape, pressure, Mach number, temperature, density, and thrust coefficient profiles are determined as functions of the black hole parameters for several multipole numbers. The black hole quasinormal mode frequencies are also investigated for different overtones, evaluating the quality factor of the nozzle.
Investigation on the Optimization Strategy of DWA Algorithm for Path Planning of the USVs with the Consideration of Environmental Factors
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Zhang Jie , Li Ning , Zhuo Qinghua , Yu Kaihuan , Lin Kaixin
Published: August 2024

Unmanned surface vessels (USVs) are generally subjected to wind force, wave and undercurrent action. Some unidentified objects such as underwater obstacles and submerged reefs should be monitored and evaded with converged communication, autonomous control and network system so as to achieve autonomous and automatic avoidance of danger and real-time control of flight path. Next, based on performing interference mechanics analysis on the USVs under the disturbance of wind force and wave on water surface, the relationship parameters between the bow angle, the deviation angle, safety evaluation function and the external force were obtained, and the comprehensive information of water surface environment was evaluated in combination with the dynamic window approach (DWA) algorithm. Further, the related model was established for simulation by using the simulation software MATLAB, and both reliability and stability of the modified DWA algorithm were designed and examined. Accordingly, the modified DWA algorithm can enhance the safety of the USVs in autonomous path planning and achieve rapid obstacle avoidance and autonomous path planning of the USVs. Our simulation revealed that the modified DWA algorithm can safely and rapidly correct the bow angle and the deviation angle, optimize the path trajectory and reduce the risk of roll-over of the USVs under sudden external force.
Design and Vibration Isolation Investigation of a Load-Adjustable Quasi-Zero Stiffness Isolator
Authors: Zhu Jun , Wang Chenyu , Chen Keyan , Shi Huanghao , Wang Zhengzheng , Wu Bin , Wu Helong , Zhang Han , Wu Huaping
Published: August 2024

Quasi-zero Stiffness (QZS) isolators offer significant advantages in low-frequency vibration isolation. Nonetheless, the complexity of the structure and the limited load adaptability hinder the practical application of such isolators. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel load-adjustable QZS isolator based on a compliant mechanism. By integrating the positive stiffness of the curved beam and the negative one of the inclined beam, a comprehensive design strategy for the QZS flexible beam is introduced. The optimal geometric parameters of the structure are determined using a genetic algorithm, and the finite element simulations are employed to numerically validate the QZS characteristics of the structure as well as the low-frequency vibration isolation performance. Leveraging the same structural design and a kind of temperature-sensitive materials-Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), a unit cell of load-adjustable QZS isolator controlled by electric heating is developed and fabricated via 3D printing. Static and dynamic tests are conducted to explore the QZS platform characteristics and vibration isolation performance of the isolator subjected to various voltage inputs. The results demonstrate that the QZS characteristics of the isolator can be effectively regulated by adjusting the input voltage, ensuring effective low-frequency vibration isolation under different loads. Moreover, the incorporation of serial and parallel arrangements of unit cells could further enhance the range of load adjustability. This study offers novel insights into the design of load-adjustable QZS isolators.
Model of a charged compact star: A brief study in f(T) gravity
Authors: Bhar Piyali , Chakraborty Koushik , Rahaman Farook , Chowdhury Anupama Roy
Published: August 2024

Using modified [Formula: see text] gravity and the diagonal tetrad, we propose a new kind of analytical solution to describe anisotropic charged stellar structures in this study. We obtain precise solutions by applying the linear form of [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] in the framework of Tolman–Kuchowicz physically sound metric potentials. The stellar structures of the compact star EXO 1785-248 are then investigated using the model by incorporating a linear equation of state relating the radial pressure [Formula: see text] and the matter density [Formula: see text]. We computed the closed-form expressions for the model parameters and illustrated their characteristics. The comprehensive graphical analysis demonstrates the scientific plausibility, causality, and dynamical stability of the model describing charged anisotropic stars. Finally, using the M-R curve, we estimate the numerical values of mass for different values of [Formula: see text]. The observational data of the neutron star candidates 4U 1820-30, PSR J1614-2230, and PSR J2215 + 5135 are covered by the maximum allowable masses for different values of [Formula: see text] additionally, when [Formula: see text], the charged compact star’s maximum permissible mass is calculated to be [Formula: see text], which could indicate the secondary component of the GW190814 event discovered by LIGO/VIRGO experiments.
Operators applied to polynomial structures on the semi-tangent bundle
Authors: Yildirim Furkan , Akbulut Kursat , Kir Mustafa
Published: August 2024

Investigating the Tachibana and Vishnevskii operators used on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in accordance with the almost paracontact structure in the semi-tangent bundle [Formula: see text] is the primary goal of this work. Additionally, in the almost paracontact structure, these relationships will be examined for some special vector fields. Studying the Lie derivatives of the almost paracontact structure and almost contact structure on the semi-tangent bundle [Formula: see text] with regard to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the secondary goal of this paper.
Does the cosmological constant really indicate the existence of a dark dimension?
Authors: Branchina Carlo , Branchina Vincenzo , Contino Filippo , Pernace Arcangelo
Published: August 2024

According to the “dark dimension” (DD) scenario, we might live in a universe with a single compact extra dimension, whose mesoscopic size is dictated by the measured value of the cosmological constant. This scenario is based on swampland conjectures that lead to the relation [Formula: see text] between the vacuum energy [Formula: see text] and the size of the extra dimension [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] is the mass scale of a Kaluza–Klein tower), and on the corresponding result [Formula: see text] from the effective field theory (EFT) limit. We show that [Formula: see text] contains previously missed UV-sensitive terms, whose presence invalidates the widely spread belief (based on existing literature) that the calculation gives automatically the finite result [Formula: see text] (with no need for fine-tuning). This renders the matching between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] a nontrivial issue. We then comment on the necessity to find a mechanism that implements the suppression of the aforementioned UV-sensitive terms. This should finally allow to frame the DD scenario in a self-consistent framework, also in view of its several phenomenological applications based on EFT calculations.
Nanoscale Heat Conduction Properties of Graphene at Different Phonon Branches
Authors: Chen Junjie , Liu Yunchang
Published: August 2024

Lattice vibrations or phonons play an important role in determining material properties, including thermal conductivity. To model the phenomenon accurately and efficiently, the most important factors governing phonon physics need to be identified, for example, polarization branches. Research continues into many aspects of the fundamental physical processes involved in phonons and into possible applications of these processes in modern physics. One of the most interesting controversies in the thermal properties of graphene involves the importance of out-of-plane acoustic phonons. The need for clarity in understanding this importance dictates that the thermal conductivity of graphene should be evaluated in various circumstances. The nanoscale heat conduction properties of graphene are studied by iteratively solving the Boltzmann transport equation and rigorously treating the normal and Umklapp collisions in the frame of three-phonon interactions. This captures the mechanistic aspects of thermal conductivity by revealing what phonon branches are present. The thermal conductivity is evaluated in different crystallite sizes and at different frequencies and temperatures. The results indicated that out-of-plane acoustic phonons become increasingly important in the frame of three-phonon interactions. The out-of-plane acoustic branch dominates thermal transport whereas the other acoustic branches make small contributions. The importance of this branch is generally attributed to the high density of states and restrictions governing anharmonic effects. The three-phonon normal and Umklapp processes must be clearly accounted for and the contribution from optical branches is not negligible at higher temperatures. The results have implications in the quest for predictive and quantitative calculations of thermal conductivity.
Epidemic transmission modeling with fractional derivatives and environmental pathogens
Authors: Khalighi Moein , Ndaïrou Faïçal , Lahti Leo
Published: August 2024

This research presents an advanced fractional-order compartmental model designed to delve into the complexities of COVID-19 transmission dynamics, specifically accounting for the influence of environmental pathogens on disease spread. By enhancing the classical compartmental framework, our model distinctively incorporates the effects of order derivatives and environmental shedding mechanisms on the basic reproduction numbers, thus offering a holistic perspective on transmission dynamics. Leveraging fractional calculus, the model adeptly captures the memory effect associated with disease spread, providing an authentic depiction of the virus’s real-world propagation patterns. A thorough mathematical analysis confirming the existence, uniqueness and stability of the model’s solutions emphasizes its robustness. Furthermore, the numerical simulations, meticulously calibrated with real COVID-19 case data, affirm the model’s capacity to emulate observed transmission trends, demonstrating the pivotal role of environmental transmission vectors in shaping public health strategies. The study highlights the critical role of environmental sanitation and targeted interventions in controlling the pandemic’s spread, suggesting new insights for research and policy-making in infectious disease management.
Stability and bifurcation of a delayed Aron–May model for malaria transmission
Authors: Li Yingke , Sun Dandan , Teng Zhidong
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the dynamical behavior in a delayed Aron–May model for malaria transmission is investigated. The basic reproduction number is defined. The global stability of the malaria-free equilibrium (MFE) is established. By using the Bendixson theorem, a sufficient condition for the global stability of the delay-free equilibrium (DFE) is also established. Furthermore, to deal with the local stability of endemic equilibrium (EE), by means of the stability switches analysis method proposed in [E. Beretta and Y. Kuang, Geometric stability switch criteria in delay differential systems with delay dependent parameters, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 33(5) (2002) 1144–1165.] the related characteristic equation at EE is investigated, and the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation is discussed by using the incubation period in mosquito as a bifurcation parameter. Last, the simulation analysis is also performed to verify the dynamical behavior of the model.
Mathematical analysis of an age-structured population model with non-local diffusion and distributed delay
Authors: Huo Jiawei , Yuan Rong
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we study an age-structured population model with non-local diffusion and distributed delay. By using the non-densely defined operators and extended phase spaces, we first rewrite the model into an abstract ordinary differential equation. Then we prove the existence of the solution of the model by using the operator semigroup theory. Finally, we study the spectrum of the non-densely defined operators and analyze the asymptotic behavior via asynchronous exponential growth. Our results extend the results for the age-structured population models without time delay.
Peripheral dopamine suppression and elevated cystatin C in early diabetic nephropathy in spontaneously diabetic rats
Authors: Horita Shoichiro , Watanabe Guy , Misaka Shingen , Taira Shu , Satoh Mamoru , Maejima Yuko , Shimomura Kenju , Shimabukuro Michio , Kazama Junichiro James , Shigetomi Shuichi
Published: August 2024

By administering a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, we revealed that peripheral dopamine inhibits both the increase in urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, an oxidative stress marker, and the increase in plasma cystatin C, an early renal dysfunction marker, even in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy characterized by glomerular hyperfiltration. By visualizing renal dopamine precursor distribution, we highlighted the role of endogenous renal dopamine in oxidative stress and renal function following the onset of glomerular hyperfiltration.
Passive bicycle training stimulates epiphyseal bone formation and restores bone integrity independent of locomotor recovery in a rat spinal cord injury model
Authors: Kura Jayachandra R. , Cheung Bosco , Conover Christine F. , Wnek Russell D. , Reynolds Michael C. , Buckley Kinley H. , Soto Benjamin M. , Otzel Dana M. , Aguirre J. Ignacio , Yarrow Joshua F.
Published: August 2024

This study was the first to assess how quadrupedal bodyweight-supported treadmill training or passive isokinetic bicycle (cycle) training impacts bone recovery at the distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses in a rat model of severe contusion spinal cord injury. Our results demonstrate that passive isokinetic cycle training completely restored cancellous and cortical bone microstructural parameters at these sites via osteoblast-mediated bone anabolic actions, independent of locomotor recovery or increased plantar flexor muscle mass.
Effects of single- and bilateral limb immersion on systemic and cerebral hemodynamic responses to the cold pressor test
Authors: Allison Elric Y. , Mei Yixue , Coombs Geoff B. , Mizzi Vanessa , Ismayilov Huseyn , Al-Khazraji Baraa K.
Published: August 2024

Choice of limb(s) in cold pressor test (CPT) studies appears to influence systemic hemodynamics. Hand and bilateral feet induce more robust responses than single-foot CPT, potentially due to increased exposure area and pain perception. Despite no significant cerebrovascular effects, a sustained hyperventilatory response was noted in bilateral feet CPT. Hand CPTs may provide a balance between robust physiological responses and tolerability. These findings underscore the need for careful limb selection in future CPT studies.
Supplementary Table S1 from HTS384 NCI60: The Next Phase of the NCI60 Screen
Authors: Kunkel Mark W. , Coussens Nathan P. , Morris Joel , Taylor Ronald C. , Dexheimer Thomas S. , Jones Eric M. , Doroshow James H. , Teicher Beverly A.
Published: August 2024

Table listing NCI60 cell lines, disease of origin and key genetic alterations
Supplementary Figure S7 from HTS384 NCI60: The Next Phase of the NCI60 Screen
Authors: Kunkel Mark W. , Coussens Nathan P. , Morris Joel , Taylor Ronald C. , Dexheimer Thomas S. , Jones Eric M. , Doroshow James H. , Teicher Beverly A.
Published: August 2024

Correlation plots mTor-targeting agents.
Figure S2 from HTS384 NCI60: The Next Phase of the NCI60 Screen
Authors: Kunkel Mark W. , Coussens Nathan P. , Morris Joel , Taylor Ronald C. , Dexheimer Thomas S. , Jones Eric M. , Doroshow James H. , Teicher Beverly A.
Published: August 2024

Diagram outlining COMPARE calculations and data presentation formats.
Supplementary Video 3 from Human 3D Ovarian Cancer Models Reveal Malignant Cell–Intrinsic and –Extrinsic Factors That Influence CAR T-cell Activity
Authors: Joy Joash D. , Malacrida Beatrice , Laforêts Florian , Kotantaki Panoraia , Maniati Eleni , Manchanda Ranjit , Annibaldi Alessandro , Hopkins Sarah , Garrobo-Calleja Ianire , Gautrot Julien , Balkwill Frances R.
Published: August 2024

Behavior of CAR-T cells in G164/FB gels without TGFβ-R inhi
Supplementary Table 2 from Human 3D Ovarian Cancer Models Reveal Malignant Cell–Intrinsic and –Extrinsic Factors That Influence CAR T-cell Activity
Authors: Joy Joash D. , Malacrida Beatrice , Laforêts Florian , Kotantaki Panoraia , Maniati Eleni , Manchanda Ranjit , Annibaldi Alessandro , Hopkins Sarah , Garrobo-Calleja Ianire , Gautrot Julien , Balkwill Frances R.
Published: August 2024

Primary antibodies used for immunohistochemistry.
Figure 3 from Human 3D Ovarian Cancer Models Reveal Malignant Cell–Intrinsic and –Extrinsic Factors That Influence CAR T-cell Activity
Authors: Joy Joash D. , Malacrida Beatrice , Laforêts Florian , Kotantaki Panoraia , Maniati Eleni , Manchanda Ranjit , Annibaldi Alessandro , Hopkins Sarah , Garrobo-Calleja Ianire , Gautrot Julien , Balkwill Frances R.
Published: August 2024

Primary omental fibroblasts induced CAR T-cell cytotoxicity against G164 cells in suspension spheroids. A and B, ELISA data showing IFNγ concentration after coculturing CAR T cells with OvCAR3 (A) and G164 (B) spheroids with and without FBs or FB-M for 2 days at 1:5 T:E ratio. Data plotted as mean ± SD for three CAR T-cell donors. Three different fibroblast donors were used for this experiment. Statistics performed using two-way ANOVA. C and D, Representative images (left) and quantification (right) of Incucyte killing assay in which OvCAR3 (C) and G164 (D) spheroids with and without FB or FB-M were treated with CAR T cells from one donor at 1:5 T:E ratio. Images shown are 3 days after treatment. Red, dead cells. Scale bars, 400 μm.
Figure 2 from Human 3D Ovarian Cancer Models Reveal Malignant Cell–Intrinsic and –Extrinsic Factors That Influence CAR T-cell Activity
Authors: Joy Joash D. , Malacrida Beatrice , Laforêts Florian , Kotantaki Panoraia , Maniati Eleni , Manchanda Ranjit , Annibaldi Alessandro , Hopkins Sarah , Garrobo-Calleja Ianire , Gautrot Julien , Balkwill Frances R.
Published: August 2024

Impaired death receptor signaling in malignant cells caused resistance to CAR T-cell cytotoxicity. A, Hierarchical cluster analysis of transcriptomes for OvCAR3 and G164 cells in monolayer and spheroids. B, Heatmap illustrating normalized gene expression of differentially expressed genes relating to death receptor signaling in OvCAR3 and G164 cells (adjusted P value < 0.05). C, cIAP1/2 expression on human HGSOC omental metastasis (n = 16) and adjacent omentum (n = 10). Statistics performed using two-way ANOVA. D and E, Representative images (left) and quantification (right) of Incucyte killing assay in which monolayers of G164 (D) and G33 (E) cells were treated with birinapant and CAR T cells. F, Western blot showing the expression of cIAP2 in OvCAR3 and G164 cells treated with birinapant. Representative images of three repeats. G, ELISA data showing TNFα concentration after coculturing CAR T cells with monolayers of OvCAR3 and G164 cells for 2 days at 1:5 T:E ratios. Data plotted as mean ± SD for three CAR T-cell donors. Statistics performed using two-way ANOVA. H, Representative images (left) and quantification (right) of Incucyte killing assay in which OvCAR3 monolayer was treated with anti-TNFα antibody and CAR T cells. D–F, Data shown for one CAR T-cell donor at 1:5 T:E ratio. Images shown are 3 days after treatment. Red, dead cells. Scale bars, 400 μm.
Suppl Table 6 from Extracellular Vesicles Containing circMYBL1 Induce CD44 in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells and Pulmonary Endothelial Cells to Promote Lung Metastasis
Authors: Fu Min , Gao Qian , Xiao Mian , Li Rui-Feng , Sun Xin-Yi , Li Sheng-Lin , Peng Xin , Ge Xi-Yuan
Published: August 2024

Correlation between circMYBL1 expression and the clinicopathological features of SACC patients
Suppl Table 3 from Extracellular Vesicles Containing circMYBL1 Induce CD44 in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells and Pulmonary Endothelial Cells to Promote Lung Metastasis
Authors: Fu Min , Gao Qian , Xiao Mian , Li Rui-Feng , Sun Xin-Yi , Li Sheng-Lin , Peng Xin , Ge Xi-Yuan
Published: August 2024

The screening of CD44
Figure S8 from Extracellular Vesicles Containing circMYBL1 Induce CD44 in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells and Pulmonary Endothelial Cells to Promote Lung Metastasis
Authors: Fu Min , Gao Qian , Xiao Mian , Li Rui-Feng , Sun Xin-Yi , Li Sheng-Lin , Peng Xin , Ge Xi-Yuan
Published: August 2024

Figure S8
Supplementary Table S5 from Comprehensive Target Engagement by the EZH2 Inhibitor Tulmimetostat Allows for Targeting of ARID1A Mutant Cancers
Authors: Keller Patricia J. , Adams Elizabeth J. , Wu Rentian , Côté Alexandre , Arora Shilpi , Cantone Nico , Meyer Rosana , Mertz Jennifer A. , Gehling Victor , Cui Jike , Stuckey Jacob I. , Khanna Avinash , Zhao Feng , Chen Zehua , Yu Ziyang , Cummings Richard T. , Taimi Mohammed , Lakhani Nehal J. , Rasco Drew , Gutierrez Martin , Duska Linda , Devitt Michael , Rippley Ronda , Levell Julian , Truong Jennifer , Wang Jing , Sun Kaiming , Trojer Patrick
Published: August 2024

Summary of cell viability data for bladder cancer cells treated with tulmimetostat
Figure S7 from Extracellular Vesicles Containing circMYBL1 Induce CD44 in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells and Pulmonary Endothelial Cells to Promote Lung Metastasis
Authors: Fu Min , Gao Qian , Xiao Mian , Li Rui-Feng , Sun Xin-Yi , Li Sheng-Lin , Peng Xin , Ge Xi-Yuan
Published: August 2024

Figure S7
Figure S6 from Extracellular Vesicles Containing circMYBL1 Induce CD44 in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells and Pulmonary Endothelial Cells to Promote Lung Metastasis
Authors: Fu Min , Gao Qian , Xiao Mian , Li Rui-Feng , Sun Xin-Yi , Li Sheng-Lin , Peng Xin , Ge Xi-Yuan
Published: August 2024

Figure S6
Figure S1 from Extracellular Vesicles Containing circMYBL1 Induce CD44 in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells and Pulmonary Endothelial Cells to Promote Lung Metastasis
Authors: Fu Min , Gao Qian , Xiao Mian , Li Rui-Feng , Sun Xin-Yi , Li Sheng-Lin , Peng Xin , Ge Xi-Yuan
Published: August 2024

Figure S1
Supplementary Figure S5 from Comprehensive Target Engagement by the EZH2 Inhibitor Tulmimetostat Allows for Targeting of ARID1A Mutant Cancers
Authors: Keller Patricia J. , Adams Elizabeth J. , Wu Rentian , Côté Alexandre , Arora Shilpi , Cantone Nico , Meyer Rosana , Mertz Jennifer A. , Gehling Victor , Cui Jike , Stuckey Jacob I. , Khanna Avinash , Zhao Feng , Chen Zehua , Yu Ziyang , Cummings Richard T. , Taimi Mohammed , Lakhani Nehal J. , Rasco Drew , Gutierrez Martin , Duska Linda , Devitt Michael , Rippley Ronda , Levell Julian , Truong Jennifer , Wang Jing , Sun Kaiming , Trojer Patrick
Published: August 2024

Tulmimetostat improves cisplatin responsiveness in chemotherapy-resistant bladder cancer cells.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Comprehensive Target Engagement by the EZH2 Inhibitor Tulmimetostat Allows for Targeting of ARID1A Mutant Cancers
Authors: Keller Patricia J. , Adams Elizabeth J. , Wu Rentian , Côté Alexandre , Arora Shilpi , Cantone Nico , Meyer Rosana , Mertz Jennifer A. , Gehling Victor , Cui Jike , Stuckey Jacob I. , Khanna Avinash , Zhao Feng , Chen Zehua , Yu Ziyang , Cummings Richard T. , Taimi Mohammed , Lakhani Nehal J. , Rasco Drew , Gutierrez Martin , Duska Linda , Devitt Michael , Rippley Ronda , Levell Julian , Truong Jennifer , Wang Jing , Sun Kaiming , Trojer Patrick
Published: August 2024

Tulmimetostat mediated cancer cell phenotypic responses are increased in ARID1A LOF contexts.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Comprehensive Target Engagement by the EZH2 Inhibitor Tulmimetostat Allows for Targeting of ARID1A Mutant Cancers
Authors: Keller Patricia J. , Adams Elizabeth J. , Wu Rentian , Côté Alexandre , Arora Shilpi , Cantone Nico , Meyer Rosana , Mertz Jennifer A. , Gehling Victor , Cui Jike , Stuckey Jacob I. , Khanna Avinash , Zhao Feng , Chen Zehua , Yu Ziyang , Cummings Richard T. , Taimi Mohammed , Lakhani Nehal J. , Rasco Drew , Gutierrez Martin , Duska Linda , Devitt Michael , Rippley Ronda , Levell Julian , Truong Jennifer , Wang Jing , Sun Kaiming , Trojer Patrick
Published: August 2024

Synthetic pathway and characterization of tulmimetostat, a long residence time EZH2 inhibitor.
Figure S9 from Allysine-Targeted Molecular MRI Enables Early Prediction of Chemotherapy Response in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ma Hua , Esfahani Shadi A. , Krishna Shriya , Ataeinia Bahar , Zhou Iris Y. , Rotile Nicholas J. , Weigand-Whittier Jonah , Boice Avery T. , Liss Andrew S. , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Caravan Peter
Published: August 2024

Figure S9. MnL3 molecular MRI of 1319 tumor-bearing mice before administration of vehicle or FOLFIRINOX. After randomly assigning 1319 mice to the vehicle or FOLFIRINOX group, MnL3 molecular MRI showed equivalent tumor enhancement before administration of vehicle or FOLFIRINOX. ( n = 4 for each group, Student’s t-test. ns: not significant).
Figure S7 from Allysine-Targeted Molecular MRI Enables Early Prediction of Chemotherapy Response in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ma Hua , Esfahani Shadi A. , Krishna Shriya , Ataeinia Bahar , Zhou Iris Y. , Rotile Nicholas J. , Weigand-Whittier Jonah , Boice Avery T. , Liss Andrew S. , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Caravan Peter
Published: August 2024

Figure S7. MnL3 molecular MRI of PANC1 tumor-bearing mice before administration of vehicle or FOLFIRINOX. After randomly assigning PANC1 mice to FOLFIRINOX or vehicle group, MnL3 molecular MRI (0.1 mmol/kg, i.v., 60 min p.i.) showed equivalent tumor enhancement before administration of vehicle or FOLFIRINOX. (n = 8 for each group, Student’s t-test, two-tailed, ns, not significant.).