bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Village Fund Management Accountability in Keroit Village, West Motoling District South Minahasa Regency
Authors: Onibala Yulita V. , Kairupan Sisca B. , Langkai Jeane E. , Sendouw Recky H. E.
Published: November 2022

The problem in this study is the accountability of village fund management in Keroit Village, West Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of the village fund management accountability system in Keroit Village, West Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach and in obtaining research data in the form of primary data and secondary data, the researchers use data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation with data collection techniques through data reduction, data presentation, and verification conclusions. The location of this research is in Keroit Village,West Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency. The results of this study indicate that the Accountability of Village Fund Management in Keroit Village by the government has not been implemented by the principles of financial management and related policies, according to the findings in the field by researchers that the Keroit village government is less open in providing information about Keroit village finances to the community and The limited information media available makes many people not aware of what village funds are used for, there is a report on the realization of the APBDes implementation by the village government which turns out that these programs are not visible in the community but have been realized by the government in the form of a report.
Social Impact of Limestone Processing on the Community of Lobong Village, West Passi District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi
Authors: Sindua Nixon J. , Kaihatu Jolanda E.
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine how the social impact of limestone processing in the community in Lobong village. In this study, a descriptive qualitative method is used, namely research that aims to describe things that are currently applicable to find facts with the right interpretation. The results show that the social impact felt by the community is from an economic perspective. In terms of income, limestone processing in Lobong village is very profitable not only for limestone entrepreneurs but also for limestone processing requires workers both when preparing the stone in the furnace, burning, watering and curing all of which are paid for by the entrepreneur. Community welfare that is felt by the community is an increase in the economy and great job opportunities. The environmental impacts that occur in Lobong Village include air, soil, and environmental impacts. This is due to the burning process, watering and packaging process.This impact can cause damage to the ecosystem in Lobong village.
Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Indonesia’s Pharmaceutical Financial Performance Analysis
Authors: Tanor Linda A. O. , Purba Pebisitona Mesajaya
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial performance of pharmaceutical companies before and during the covid-19 pandemic. This analysis uses liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, leverage methods with a comparative approach, because the data used are in the form of numbers and conduct analysis using statistics with SPSS instruments. This study used 10 pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021 using the purposive sampling method. The test methods used are descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests. The test results showed that there were significant differences in the profitability and growth ratios of pharmaceutical companies before and during the covid-19 pandemic, while liquidity ratios, leverage ratios, activity ratios, firm size and analysis showed insignificant differences in pharmaceutical companies before and during the covid-19 pandemic.
Emphyseme nach Cochlea-Implantation – Risikofaktoren und Therapieoptionen
Authors: Riepl Ricarda , Wigand Marlene Corinna Cosima , Halbig Anna-Sophia , Werz Julia , Emmanuel Benjamin , Stupp Franziska , Hoffmann Thomas Karl , Goldberg-Bockhorn Eva
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund Im Rahmen der Cochlea-Implantation (CI) zählen Serom-
und Hämatombildung, Wundinfektion oder Schwindel zu den seltenen, aber typischen
postoperativen Komplikationen. Emphyseme werden dagegen selten beobachtet. Sie können sowohl
in der postoperativen Heilungsphase als auch Jahre später auftreten. Ein Therapiealgorithmus
existiert bisher nicht.

Methodik Wir berichten von 3 Patient*innen mit subkutanem
Emphysem im Bereich des Signalprozessors aus dem eigenen Patientenkollektiv. In einem
unsystematischen Review werden anschließend alle Studien mit Beschreibungen von Emphysemen
nach CI hinsichtlich möglicher Risikofaktoren und therapeutischer Optionen untersucht.

Ergebnisse Bei den vorgestellten Patient*innen entwickelte sich
2–11 Monate postoperativ ein subkutanes Emphysem nach heftigem Schnäuzen bzw. im Rahmen einer
cPAP-Therapie. In der Literatur finden sich weitere 35 Fälle von Emphysemen nach CI.
Luftinsufflation über die Tube ist die häufigste Ursache. Erkrankungen der Nase und
Nasennebenhöhlen, Tubenfunktionsstörungen und obstruktives Schlafapnoesyndrom sind potenzielle
Risikofaktoren. Druckverband, Punktion und Paukendrainage gelten als gängige
Behandlungsmethoden. In therapieresistenten Fällen oder bei ausgedehnten Emphysemen kann eine
operative Revision sinnvoll sein.

Schlussfolgerung Die meisten Emphysembildungen sind durch
konservative Maßnahmen beherrschbar. Punktionen sollten wegen möglicher Infektionen vermieden
werden. Der prophylaktische Einsatz von Antibiotika scheint entbehrlich. Die operative
Revision sollte bei Pneumozephalus mit Verdacht auf Leckage im Bereich der Dura erwogen
werden. Die Abdeckung der Mastoidektomie mit einem Knochendeckel kann bei Risikokonstellation
eine sinnvolle Maßnahme zur Prophylaxe postoperativer Emphyseme darstellen.
Was GLA:D international erfolgreich macht – Versorgungskonzepte implementieren
Authors: Aschoff Frank
Published: November 2022

GLA:D ist mit international bisher circa 90 000 versorgten Teilnehmenden das größte, regelmäßig wissenschaftlich evaluierte Therapiekonzept für Menschen mit Arthrose. physiopraxis wollte wissen, was dieses Konzept so besonders erfolgreich macht.
Telemedizin in der HNO-Heilkunde – wirklich ein Allheilmittel?
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas Karl , Böhm Felix , Sommer Fabian , Sommer Peter , Wienke Albrecht , Deitmer Thomas
Published: November 2022

Die Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen hat in den letzten Jahren und insbesondere auch durch die COVID-19-Pandemie erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die Pandemie hat unbestritten die menschlichen Interaktionen stark eingeschränkt. Im Hinblick auf das Infektionsrisiko und auch in Anbetracht der sinkenden Zahl an ärztlichen Konsultationen durch Patienten aufgrund der Angst vor einer Infektion musste die Ärzteschaft neue Plattformen für Arzt-Patienten-Interaktion und -Kommunikation suchen und erreichte diese Ziele vorwiegend durch eine beschleunigte Entwicklung der Digitalisierungsprozesse und der Telemedizin. In der HNO-Heilkunde ist mit dem Begriff der Telemedizin in der Regel eine Videosprechstunde (VS) bzw. Telekonsultation gemeint. Prinzipiell gehören HNO-Ärzte zu der Facharztgruppe, die Videosprechstunden durchführen und abrechnen dürfen. Der Datenschutz und juristische Aspekte stellen die größten Herausforderungen für das Angebot telemedizinischer Leistungen dar. Unter ethischen Gesichtspunkten muss vor jeder telemedizinischen Beratung auch zwingend eine Aufklärung über Risiken und Nachteile dieses Verfahrens erfolgen, wobei die Haftungsgrundlage hier grundsätzlich ebenfalls geklärt werden muss. Die Telemedizin wird sich auch in Anbetracht der Evidenz behaupten müssen. So sollten zumindest von universitärer Seite bei dem Angebot neuer telemedizinischer Verfahren begleitende Studien initiiert werden, um entsprechende Vor- und Nachteile wissenschaftlich gestützt zu evaluieren. Berufspolitisch sollte stets darauf geachtet werden, dass Telemedizin nur von Akteuren im Gesundheitswesen angeboten wird, welche auch eine persönliche Behandlung des telemedizinisch beurteilten Patienten erbringen können.
Übung macht den Meister – Clinical Reasoning – Teil 3 von 3
Authors: Jones Mark
Published: November 2022

Clinical Reasoning ist hochkomplex und die Behandlung das Ergebnis zahlreicher Entscheidungsprozesse. Denkfehler aber können zu Fehldiagnosen führen und falsche Therapien einleiten. Wer die häufigsten Fehlerquellen kennt und die Strategie-Tipps von Mark Jones in seiner Praxis umsetzt, kann sein Fehlerrisiko minimieren. Sicher ist: Übung macht den Meister – aber niemand ist perfekt!
Practical Synthetic Method for Ogipeptin Derivatives
Authors: Takiguchi Shingo , Nishi Takahide
Published: November 2022

In synthesizing novel derivatives of the natural cyclic peptides the ogipeptins, we established a simple and practical solid-phase peptide synthesis and macrocyclization method. By using this method, it became possible to obtain skeleton-modified ogipeptin derivatives with dehydroxylation of the β-hydroxy-α,γ-diaminobutyric acid, replacement of the (Z)-dehydrobutyrine residue, or replacement of the arginine residue.
Ion-induced electron emission by keV-range energy indium ions: Influence of material and geometry
Authors: Hugonnaud V. , Mazouffre S. , Krejci D.
Published: November 2022

This work provides measurements of the ion-induced electron emission yield caused by keV-range energy indium ions (3–8 keV). In our experiment, the ion sources, fueled with indium, are based on the working principle of field-emission electric propulsion (FEEP) technologies. The measured yields are given for different material properties (plain structure vs foam) and geometries (flat surface vs conical). Study outcomes show that electrons induced by keV-range indium ions can lead to overestimating the measured ion current by 30%–200% depending on the collector materials and geometry. We spotlighted that molybdenum, tungsten, and stainless steel 316L have relatively low yields compared to aluminum 2017A. Moreover, it is possible to lower down a specific material yield by two-thirds when using a foam structure. Finally, it is shown that off-axis ion influence on a collector increases the resulting electron emission yield. In the case of an indium-FEEP thruster, ion-induced electron emissions are a major perturbation when measuring ion current. Mainly, due to the energy range of ions studied, yields retrieved are orders of magnitudes larger than what is usually measured when studying the plume of an electrostatic electric propulsion system. It is, therefore, strongly recommended to use a so-called Faraday cup to study the ion beam from an indium-FEEP thruster as the probe’s close architecture allows us to greatly mitigate these perturbations.
Impact of strain on Si and Sn incorporation in (Si)GeSn alloys by STEM analyses
Authors: Castioni Florian , Henry Loïc , Casiez Lara , Bernier Nicolas , Reboud Vincent , Chrétien Jérémie , Pauc Nicolas , Calvo Vincent , Richy Jérôme , Jannaud Audrey , Delaye Vincent , Robin Eric , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Bayle-Guillemaud Pascale
Published: November 2022

The structural properties of CVD-grown (Si)GeSn heterostructures were assessed thanks to scanning transmission electron microscopy at the nanometer scale. Quantitative energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy together with precession electron diffraction and geometrical phase analysis (GPA) were performed to probe the chemical and structural properties of the different layers. Results presented in this paper demonstrated the advantages of a multilayer structure, with successive layers grown at decreasing temperatures in order to gradually accommodate the in-plane lattice parameter and incorporate more and more Sn into the stack. It was shown how the GeSn emissive layer could be manufactured with low plastic deformation and a high relaxation rate, necessary for better light emission performances. SiGeSn alloys used as confinement barriers around the emissive layer were also investigated. For such thin layers, we showed the importance of the starting lattice parameter (SLP) prior to the growth on their composition. Indeed, higher SLPs resulted, for the very same process conditions, into higher Sn contents and lower Si contents. The interest in combining EDX, which was accurate enough to detect slight chemical concentration variations, and GPA, for local strain analyses, was clearly demonstrated. Present results will be very useful to predict and control the bandgap and structural quality of (Si)GeSn materials and, in turn, device properties.
Collision integrals and viscosity coefficients of argon–carbon thermal plasmas: Comparison using different interaction potentials
Authors: Salem Donia
Published: November 2022

The calculated values of collision integrals of the majority of binary interactions that can be involved in argon/carbon (Ar/C) plasmas are presented in this work. The studied plasmas are considered to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium, and calculations are performed from 1000 to 30 000 K. Computations have been carried out first for standard potentials and second for the Improved Lennard-Jones (ILJ) potential. In this paper, a clear and well detailed report is given for each methodology adopted to calculate the omega integrals, together with the main data needed to perform these computations. The obtained values of collision integrals have been compared with some data reported in the literature, and then, they are used to estimate the viscosity of two plasma systems, namely, pure argon and a mixture of argon and carbon (Ar/C). The calculation of viscosity coefficients is made on the basis of the Chapman–Enskog method and developed to the first approximation. The important contribution of the charge exchange process and its influence on the accuracy of the diffusion-type collision integrals of neutral–parent ion systems are emphasized. Although some discrepancies are observed, comparisons of our results with those of previously published studies show an overall satisfactory agreement in most of the cases. Our investigation of the data uncertainty further confirms the suggestion that the ILJ approach is an excellent candidate to provide collision integrals with acceptable accuracy when reliable experimental data or accurate theoretical calculations are unavailable. For that, all the necessary collision integrals needed to calculate reliable transport properties of the Ar/C plasma mixtures are reported in this work.
Gravitational scattering of spinning neutrinos by a rotating black hole with a slim magnetized accretion disk
Authors: Dvornikov Maxim
Published: November 2022

We study neutrinos gravitationally scattered off a rotating supermassive black hole which is surrounded by a thin accretion disk with a realistic magnetic field. Neutrinos are supposed to be Dirac particles having a nonzero magnetic moment. Neutrinos move along arbitrary trajectories, with the incoming flux being parallel to the equatorial plane. We exactly account for the influence of both gravity and the magnetic field on the neutrino motion and its spin evolution. The general statement that the helicity of an ultrarelativistic neutrino is constant in the particle scattering in an arbitrary gravitational field is proven within the quasiclassical approach. We find the measurable fluxes of outgoing neutrinos taking into account the neutrino spin precession in the external field in curved spacetime. These fluxes turn out to be significantly suppressed for some parameters of the system. Finally, we discuss the possibility to observe the predicted phenomena for core-collapsing supernova neutrinos in our Galaxy.
Demonstration experiment for the initial stage of introducing the displacement current concept
Authors: Mayer V V , Varaksina E I
Published: November 2022

A simple demonstration installation is proposed, containing a plate air-dielectric capacitor, an alternating voltage generator, and three identical neon lamps. Two lamps are inserted in the breaks of the wires connecting the capacitor to the generator. The third lamp is located between the capacitor plates. The gas in all three lamps glows, when the AC voltage is applied to the capacitor. This shows that in the experiment, there is a normal conduction current through the lamps. Around this electric current, as it is well known to students, there is a magnetic field. When removing the neon lamp from the capacitor, they observe that the glow of the lamps in the wires does not change. This means that a small neon lamp practically does not affect the field in the capacitor. Therefore, it is natural to think that the time-varying electric field in the capacitor produces a vortex magnetic field, as well as the conduction current flowing through the lamp. So a time-varying electric field can be considered an electric current. Maxwell called it the displacement current to distinguish it from the real conduction current. The displacement current closes an electrical circuit that is broken by a capacitor for direct current. It is advisable to use the demonstration described in the article when introducing the concept of displacement current in the Bachelor’s general physics course.
Low-frequency compensation of piezoelectric force sensors for servo systems
Authors: Lu Yu-Sheng , Lyu Yan-Jin , Jeng Je-Wei
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a force/disturbance observer that compensates for the low-frequency response of a piezoelectric force sensor. Although the piezoelectric force sensor has many salient features, it is unable to measure dc and quasi-dc forces. The proposed observer compensates for this low-frequency deficiency, enabling the piezoelectric force sensor to be used in a servo system. Compared with previous studies, the proposed scheme requires redesigning neither the sensor structure nor sensing circuitry and can be easily integrated into an existing measurement system. As a by-product, the proposed observer also produces a disturbance estimate that can be used to enhance the robustness of a servo system. This paper reports experimental results of force control and position control for a linear motion platform equipped with a piezoelectric force sensor and a strain gauge-based load cell. The force control results indicate that the control system using the proposed observer can achieve a wider bandwidth than that using the load cell as a feedback-sensing device. In a comparative study, the position control results further demonstrate the proposed observer’s effectiveness in diminishing the piezoelectric sensor’s low-frequency deficiency. Moreover, the disturbance estimate produced by the proposed observer is experimentally introduced to the position control system, showing an enhanced tracking performance in terms of the root-mean-square error.
Engineering of dense arrays of Vertical Si1-x
Ge
x
nanostructures
Authors: Müller J , Lecestre A , Demoulin R , Cristiano F , Hartmann J-M , Larrieu G
Published: November 2022

Vertical nanostructure technologies are becoming more important for the down scaling of nanoelectronic devices such as logic transistors or memories. Such devices require dense vertical nanostructured channel arrays (VNCA) that can be fabricated through a top-down approach based on group IV materials. We present progresses on the top-down fabrication of highly anisotropic and ultra-dense Si1-x
Ge
x
(x = 0, 0.2, 0.5) VNCAs. Dense nanowire and nanosheet patterns were optimized through high resolution lithography and transferred onto Si1-x
Ge
x
substrates by anisotropic reactive ion etching with a fluorine chemistry. The right gas mixtures for a given Ge content resulted in perfectly vertical and dense arrays. Finally we fabricated oxide shell/SiGe core heterostructures by dry- and wet-thermal oxidation and evaluated their applicability for nanostructure size engineering, as already established for silicon nanowires. The impact of the nanostructured shape (wire or sheet), size and Ge content on the oxide growth were investigated and analysed in detail through transmission electron microscopy.
Mechanical and critical current characteristics of high-strength Bi 2
Sr 2
Ca 2
Cu 3
O
10+δ
multi-filamentary tapes reinforced with thicker Ni-alloy laminations with various pre-tensions
Authors: Okada Tatsunori , Kobayashi Daichi , Sakai Kohei , Awaji Satoshi , Kikuchi Masashi , Kato Takeshi
Published: November 2022

We investigated the stress–strain relation and the applied strain dependence of the critical current

I

c

(

ε

a
p
p

)

of high-strength Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O

10
+
δ

(Bi2223) R&D tapes reinforced by

∼
100

 

μ
m

thick Ni-based alloy sheets with various pre-tensions

F

p
r
e

applied during the lamination process. We confirmed that the thickening of Ni-alloy laminations is useful for enhancing Young’s modulus compared with commercial tapes (

≃
30

 

μ
m

thick laminations).

I

c

(

ε

a
p
p

)

decreases gradually and reversibly with applied strains

ε

a
p
p

and then degrades irreversibly with larger tensile and compressive strains. The reversible strain regime tends to shift toward the tensile side with larger

F

p
r
e

, indicating that application of large

F

p
r
e

is effective in improving the reversible tensile strain limit. The observed

I

c

(

ε

a
p
p

)

can be reproduced well by model considering

ε

a
p
p

-linear critical current density, cross-sectional strain distribution, and Weibull-type distribution of filament damage. We clarified that different irreversible

I

c

(

ε

a
p
p

)

degradations with large tensile and compressive strains can be understood by differences in the dimensions and number of cracks and ruptures (tensile strains) and bucklings (compressive strains).
Birefringence and dichroism effects in the spin noise spectra of a spin-1 system
Authors: Liu S , Neveu P , Delpy J , Hemmen L , Brion E , Wu E , Bretenaker F , Goldfarb F
Published: November 2022

We perform spin noise spectroscopy experiments in metastable helium atoms at room temperature, with a probe light whose frequency is blue detuned from the D
0 line. Both circular birefringence fluctuations (Faraday noise) and linear birefringence fluctuations (ellipticity noise) are explored theoretically and experimentally. In particular, it is shown that in both cases but for different optical detunings, two noise resonances are isolated at the Larmor frequency and at twice the Larmor frequency with a behavior, which strongly depends on the orientation of the probe field polarization. The simple structure of metastable helium allows us to probe, model and explain the changes in the behavior of these peaks in terms of circular and linear dichroisms and birefringences as well as in terms of spin oscillation modes.
Two-dimensional hourglass Weyl nodal loop in monolayer Pb(ClO2)2 and Sr(ClO2)2
Authors: Kang Xin-Yue , Zhang Chunmei , Chen Mingxing , Li Si
Published: November 2022

The hourglass fermions in solid-state materials have been attracting significant interest recently. However, realistic two-dimensional (2D) materials with hourglass-shaped band structures are still very scarce. Here, through the first-principles calculations, we identify the monolayer Pb(ClO2)2 and Sr(ClO2)2 materials as the new realistic materials platform to realize 2D hourglass Weyl nodal loop. We show that these monolayer materials possess an hourglass Weyl nodal loop circling around the Γ point and Weyl nodal line on the Brillouin zone (BZ) boundary in the absence of spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Through the symmetry analysis, we demonstrate that the hourglass Weyl nodal loop and Weyl nodal line are protected by the nonsymmorphic symmetries, and are robust under the biaxial strains. When we include the SOC, a tiny gap will be opened in the hourglass nodal loop and nodal line, and the nodal line can be transformed into the spin-orbit Dirac points. Our results provide a new realistic material platform for studying the intriguing physics associated with the 2D hourglass Weyl nodal loop and spin-orbit Dirac points.
An investigation of evanescent wave-induced fluorescence spectroscopy for exploring high refractive index media
Authors: Chakraborty Subhajit , Xu Yang , Roberts Ann , Goswami Debabrata , Smith Trevor A
Published: November 2022

Evanescent wave-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (EWIFS) is a widely used technique for probing the interfacial behavior of different complex media in investigations of samples in the physical, chemical, and biological sciences. This technique takes advantage of the sharply decaying evanescent field, established following total internal reflection (TIR) at the interface of two media, for spatially identifying the photoluminescence characteristics of the sample. The generation of the evanescent field requires the refractive index of the second medium to be lower than that of the first, so a major disadvantage of this increasingly widely used spectroscopic technique is the inability to exploit the advantages of EWIFS to image a sample with a higher refractive index than the incident substrate medium. A proposed configuration in which a thin, low refractive index intermediate layer is established between the TIR substrate and a high refractive index sample is investigated. We illustrate that this arrangement does not afford the desired advantages of evanescent field-induced fluorescence measurements for investigating high refractive index media.
Non-Hermitian skin effect in two dimensional continuous systems
Authors: Yuce C , Ramezani H
Published: November 2022

An extensive number of the eigenstates can become exponentially localized at one boundary of nonreciprocal non-Hermitian systems. This effect is known as the non-Hermitian skin effect and has been studied mostly in tight-binding lattices. To extend the skin effect to continues systems beyond 1D, we introduce a quadratic imaginary vector potential in the continuous two dimensional Schrödinger equation. We find that inseparable eigenfunctions for separable nonreciprocal Hamiltonians appear under infinite boundary conditions. Introducing boundaries destroy them and hence they can only be used as quasi-stationary states in practice. We show that all eigenstates can be clustered at the point where the imaginary vector potential is minimum in a confined system.
Femtosecond filamentation in water studied by the interference of supercontinuum
Authors: Li Suyu , Wang Xiaoting , Zhang Yun , Yu Miao , Wang Yaqiu , Liu Fan , Jin Mingxing
Published: November 2022

Supercontinuum (SC) generation is a typical nonlinear phenomenon that occurs during femtosecond filamentation in transparent media. The interference of the SC induced by femtosecond filament in water is explored by using interferometry with the aid of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). In the low pulse energy case (single filament is formed), the MZI is used to precisely determine the actual value of filamentation threshold P
th. It is found that the value of P
th is much higher than that of the critical power for self-focusing P
cr. In the higher pulse energy case, by blocking one arm of the MZI, self-interference resulted from SC emitted by femtosecond filaments is studied. By analyzing the interference patterns, we can acquire information on femtosecond filament, such as filament number and filament spacing. The energy range for the generation of single, double and triple filaments in water is also determined. Diffraction effect will distort and even mask the interference patterns, and to eliminate its influence on the results, the spectral signals at shorter wavelength are selected. This work provides an effective approach to study the complex femtosecond filamentation process intuitively and conveniently.
Investigation of photon-induced effects on some diode parameters and negative capacitance of the Schottky structure with Zn-doped organic polymer (PVA) interface
Authors: Erbilen Tanrıkulu Esra
Published: November 2022

Variation in the electrical parameters depending on illumination and the formation of negative capacitance (NC), and inductive behavior (IB) of Schottky structures interlaid with Zn:PVA, were executed by current/impedance-voltage (I/Z-V) measurements in the dark and under 200 mW cm−2 illuminance. To designate the voltage or calculation method effects on the ideality factor (n), barrier height (BH-Φ
B
), and series resistance (R

s
), these parameters were extracted from different methods. These parameters extracted through the Thermionic-emission (TE) theory, Ohm’s law, Norde and Cheung functions were compared with each other. The reverse bias ln(I

R
)−V

R

0.5 plots were also drawn to designate the validity of Poole-Frenkel and Schottky emissions. In Z-V measurements, NC and related IB phenomena were observed at 500 kHz-fixed frequency in the dark and under illuminance. The interface states (D

it
) variation depending on energy and voltage was obtained using I-V and C/G-V measurements and related equations. The calculations of the diffusion-potential (V

D
), acceptor-atoms (N

A
), Fermi-energy (E

F
), and Φ
B

(C-V) values were performed by fitting the observed linear in the reverse bias C
−2
-V plot. A detailed analysis of NC was performed via the drawn C/(G/ω)-I plots for positive voltages. All experimental results show that the used calculation method, illumination, and voltage are highly effective on the electrical parameters.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of FeCrVAl and related compounds
Authors: Lukashev Pavel V , Stuelke Lukas , Pottebaum Zach , Moua Young , Baker Gavin , Wysong Jax , Flesche Matthew , Valloppilly Shah , Shand Paul M , Kharel Parashu
Published: November 2022

We have carried out a combined theoretical and experimental investigation of FeCrVAl, and the effect of Mn and Co doping on its structural, magnetic, and electronic band properties. Our first principles calculations indicate that FeCrVAl, FeCr0.5Mn0.5VAl, and FeCr0.5Co0.5VAl exhibit nearly perfect spin polarization, which may be further enhanced by mechanical strain. At the same time, FeCrV0.5Mn0.5Al and FeCrV0.5Co0.5Al exhibit a relatively small value of spin polarization, making them less attractive for practical applications. Using arc melting and high vacuum annealing, we synthesized three compounds FeCrVAl, FeCr0.5Mn0.5VAl, and FeCr0.5Co0.5VAl, which are predicted to exhibit high spin polarization. The room temperature x-ray diffraction patterns of all samples are fitted with full B2 type disorder with a small amount of FeO2 secondary phase. All samples show very small saturation magnetizations at room temperature. The thermomagnetic curves M(T) of FeCrVAl and FeCr0.5Co0.5VAl are similar to that of a paramagnetic material, whereas that of FeCr0.5Mn0.5VAl indicates ferrimagnetic behavior with the Curie temperature of 135 K. Our findings may be of interest for researchers working on Heusler compounds for spin-based electronic applications.
Coatomer in the universe of cellular complexity
Authors: Field Mark C. , Rout Michael P.
Published: November 2022

Eukaryotic cells possess considerable internal complexity, differentiating them from prokaryotes. Eukaryogenesis, an evolutionary transitional period culminating in the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA), marked the origin of the eukaryotic endomembrane system. LECA is reconstructed as possessing intracellular complexity akin to modern eukaryotes. Construction of endomembrane compartments involved three key gene families: coatomer, BAR-domain proteins, and ESCRT. Each has a distinct evolutionary origin, but of these coatomer and BAR proteins are eukaryote specific, while ESCRT has more ancient origins. We discuss the structural motifs defining these three membrane-coating complexes and suggest that compared with BAR and ESCRT, the coatomer architecture had a unique ability to be readily and considerably modified, unlocking functional diversity and enabling the development of the eukaryotic cell.
Getting where you want to go
Authors: Bonifacino Juan S.
Published: November 2022

In 1956, referring to the emerging application of electron microscopy to the study of eukaryotic cells, Keith R. Porter wrote, “For those of us who are fortunate to be part of this new development, these are days of great interest and opportunity.” Those early days left us a rich legacy of knowledge on the internal organization of eukaryotic cells that provides a framework for current research on cell structure and function. In this vein, my long-time quest has been to understand how proteins and organelles travel through the cytoplasm to reach their respective destinations within the cell. This research has led us to elucidate various mechanisms of protein sorting and organelle transport and how defects in these mechanisms cause human disease.
AreStaphylococcus aureusCarrier Types Evidence of Population Heterogeneity?
Authors: Beams Alexander , Keegan Lindsay T , Adler Frederick R , Samore Matthew H , Khader Karim , Toth Damon J A
Published: November 2022

Asymptomatic colonization by Staphylococcus aureus is a precursor for infection, so identifying the mode and source of transmission which leads to colonization could help in targeting interventions. Longitudinal studies have shown that some people are persistently colonized for years, while others seem to carry S. aureus for weeks or less, and conventional wisdom attributes this disparity to an underlying risk factor in the persistently colonized. We analyze published data with mathematical models of acquisition and carriage to compare this hypothesis with alternatives. The null model assumed a homogeneous population and still produced highly variable colonization durations (mean = 101.7 weeks; 5th percentile, 5.2 weeks; 95th percentile, 304.7 weeks). Simulations showed that this inherent variability, combined with censoring in longitudinal cohort studies, is sufficient to produce the appearance of “persistent carriers,” “intermittent carriers,” and “noncarriers” in data. Our estimates for colonization duration exhibited sensitivity to the assumption that false-positive test results can occur despite being rare, but our model-based approach simultaneously estimates specificity and sensitivity along with epidemiologic parameters. Our results show it is plausible that S. aureus colonizes people indiscriminately, and improved understanding of the types of exposures which result in colonization is essential.
Those Things Which Are Written in Romance: Language and Law Teaching in Thirteenth-Century England
Authors: McSweeney Thomas J
Published: November 2022

Around 1250, a shift began to occur in texts written on the common law. Where earlier texts on the practices of the king’s courts had mostly been written in Latin, a number of the new texts written after 1250 were written in French. The shift to French initially occurred mostly in the context of texts on counting and pleading, the oral parts of court procedure, which were conducted in French, and one author of the 1280s even suggested that by his time a norm had developed that texts on counting and pleading should be written in French. This article examines the evidence for such a norm and the reasons for the shift to French in the later thirteenth century. It uses texts on counting and pleading to examine how both French and Latin were used in the education of pleaders and concludes that, although a norm probably did exist that the oral parts of procedure should be taught in French, Latin was still being used for a number of different purposes in the education of pleaders.
Realism’s Gender Wars: Masculinity Effects in Late Realist Fiction and Contemporary Reality TV
Authors: Fraiman Susan
Published: November 2022

Who owns The Real in realism, and what difference does gender make? Countering monolithic (and often dismissive) notions of realism, this article recognizes divergent signifiers of the real. Its particular concern is the war between realisms coded as feminine and those coded as masculine—between what Frank Norris belittled as “the drama of a broken teacup” and the drama of a man battling to survive in the wild. Juxtaposing Jack London’s Klondike fiction with today’s survival reality TV shows, I see these as similar efforts to put a masculine stamp on the real. In my reading of the History Channel’s Alone (2015–present), however, a Londonesque realism of moose-killing is challenged by a realism of the daily, non-dire, and domestic. Alone’s oscillation between these modes recalls that Ur-text of literary realism in which a violent, shipwrecked man sets about reinventing the household arts.“A realism of the nondire is just as authentic—its sociable, homemaking women and men just as credible and worthy—as a realism of men in mortal danger.”
Illuminating the Antebellum Literary Marketplace: The Artfulness of Literary Labor in George Foster’s New York by Gas-Light
Authors: Shelnutt Blevin
Published: November 2022

George Foster’s New York by Gas-Light (1850) has been understood as a characteristic text of urban sensationalism, a body of writing more often studied for its response to modernity than literary artfulness. Yet, while Foster seems eager to spectacularize the hidden corners of urban life, he also creates metaliterary moments around scenes of literary business and labor, especially the nighttime labor that the technology of gaslight enabled. Reading these self-referential moments in the context of dramatic changes in publishing facilitated by gaslight opens a theoretical intersection between materialist and aesthetic criticism concerning the relationship between work and art. I argue that Foster presents New York by Gas-Light as at once a product of his industrialized labor and an artifact of self-conscious literary crafting by cultivating attention to the material conditions of his aesthetic creation. As I show, Foster’s reflexive materialist aesthetics disrupts longstanding premises of literary history: it counters largely linguistic accounts of literary style by connecting literary artistry to the work of commercial publication, resists an autonomous ideal that abstracts literature from the material labor of authors, and reclaims the artistic possibilities of what might otherwise be regarded as mass cultural forms.
The Great American Baseball Novel: How Literature Invented the National Pastime
Authors: Darda Joseph
Published: November 2022

From 1846, when the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club lost their first game under a consolidated set of rules, transforming the “New York game” into “base ball,” and Walt Whitman, then a roving editor with the Brooklyn Eagle, observed neighborhood kids engaged in “a certain game of ball,” to the rise of television and football, literature elevated baseball from another bat-and-ball game to a national institution, a distorted mirror through which the nation identified itself. MLB commissioners and novelists have described baseball as a form of writing and as the literature of their childhoods because the game first achieved national status through writing and literature. From Whitman to Bernard Malamud, American authors turned to baseball to determine the health of the nation, encouraging their readers to invest in the health of the game. First came the great American baseball novel, then the national pastime.Baseball nationalism needed the hard sell of sportswriters and the soft touch of literature.
Iterative Objects: Hauntings of Identity in Poetic Form
Authors: Smailbegović Ada
Published: November 2022

Channeling Gertrude Stein’s assertion from her lecture “Portraits and Repetition” that there is no such thing as repetition because both language and other entities that compose the world are continuously undergoing change, this essay explores the question of iteration or recursion in two recent critical books, Brian Kim Stefans’s Word Toys: Poetry and Technics (2017) and Jacob Edmond’s Make it the Same: Poetry in the Age of Global Media (2019). Stefans develops a critical practice that considers poems to be autonomous, dynamic entities, akin to machines or living organisms, thus connecting to longstanding traditions in twentieth-century poetry, which have imagined words as objects that populate the open field of the poem. However, much as Stein suggests, such linguistic objects are not self-same or stable. This opens the question of the role of iteration with a difference in the constitution of such entities, and in the context of Edmond’s book Make It the Same this question is extended to poetic techniques, such as copying, in their variously mediated forms, ranging from the use of a tape recorder to digital media.[L]iving entities, which for Stein as for Stefans, can be defined as forms of subjectivity—as poems, roses or frogs—are not self-same and are, instead, iteratively created in each recursion or repetition.
Trial-by-trial fluctuations in amygdala activity track motivational enhancement of desirable sensory evidence during perceptual decision-making
Authors: Calabro Ren , Lyu Yizhou , Leong Yuan Chang
Published: November 2022

People are biased toward seeing outcomes that they are motivated to see. For example, wanting their favored team to prevail biases sports fans to perceive an ambiguous foul in a manner that is favorable to the team they support. Here, we test the hypothesis that such motivational biases in perceptual decision-making are associated with amygdala activity. We used monetary incentives to experimentally manipulate participants to want to see one percept over another while they performed a categorization task involving ambiguous images. Participants were more likely to categorize an image as the category we motivated them to see, suggesting that wanting to see a particular percept biased their perceptual decisions. Heightened amygdala activity was associated with motivation consistent categorizations and tracked trial-by-trial enhancement of neural activity in sensory cortices encoding the desirable category. Analyses using a drift diffusion model further suggest that trial-by-trial amygdala activity was specifically associated with biases in the accumulation of sensory evidence. In contrast, frontoparietal regions commonly associated with biases in perceptual decision-making were not associated with motivational bias. Altogether, our results suggest that wanting to see an outcome biases perceptual decisions via distinct mechanisms and may depend on dynamic fluctuations in amygdala activity.
Dysregulated dynamic time-varying triple-network segregation in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Guo Xiaonan , Cao Yabo , Liu Junfeng , Zhang Xia , Zhai Guangjin , Chen Heng , Gao Le
Published: November 2022

One of the remarkable characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the dysregulation of functional connectivity of the triple-network, which includes the salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), and central executive network (CEN). However, there is little known about the segregation of the triple-network dynamics in ASD. This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data including 105 ASD and 102 demographically-matched typical developing control (TC) children. We compared the dynamic time-varying triple-network segregation and triple-network functional connectivity states between ASD and TC groups, and examined the relationship between dynamic triple-network segregation alterations and clinical symptoms of ASD. The average dynamic network segregation value of the DMN with SN and the DMN with CEN in ASD was lower but the coefficient of variation (CV) of dynamic network segregation of the DMN with CEN was higher in ASD. Furthermore, partially reduced triple-network segregation associated with the DMN was found in connectivity states analysis of ASD. These abnormal average values and CV of dynamic network segregation predicted social communication deficits and restricted and repetitive behaviors in ASD. Our findings indicate abnormal dynamic time-varying triple-network segregation of ASD and highlight the crucial role of the triple-network in the neural mechanisms underlying ASD.
Sailing with TWAIL: A Historical Inquiry into Third World Perspectives on the Law of the Sea
Authors: Enyew Endalew Lijalem
Published: November 2022

The contemporary law of the sea is not only a making of its own time but also a result of evolutions from the past. Indeed, the LOSC reflects a particular historical trajectory from Grotius’s Mare Liberum to UNCLOS III and the historical circumstances under which it developed. Using TWAIL as a theoretical and methodological lens, this article critically analyzes the historical development of the law of the sea from Third World States’ standpoint. The article demonstrates that the rules and principles of the traditional law of the sea were conceptualized by and designed to promote the colonial and other interests of the powerful and technologically advanced Western States. Nonetheless, Third World States consistently challenged the old legal order of the sea and played significant roles in the evolution of existing doctrines and the development of new spatial architecture of the oceans and the associated principles. The article concludes that, despite such efforts of Third World States to reorient the law of the sea in a manner to address their interests, the protections that current international law offers to Third World States remain fragile in many areas, which areas continue to be subjects of the ongoing Third World struggle.
Chemical–protein relation extraction with ensembles of carefully tuned pretrained language models
Authors: Weber Leon , Sänger Mario , Garda Samuele , Barth Fabio , Alt Christoph , Leser Ulf
Published: November 2022

The identification of chemical–protein interactions described in the literature is an important task with applications in drug design, precision medicine and biotechnology. Manual extraction of such relationships from the biomedical literature is costly and often prohibitively time-consuming. The BioCreative VII DrugProt shared task provides a benchmark for methods for the automated extraction of chemical–protein relations from scientific text. Here we describe our contribution to the shared task and report on the achieved results. We define the task as a relation classification problem, which we approach with pretrained transformer language models. Upon this basic architecture, we experiment with utilizing textual and embedded side information from knowledge bases as well as additional training data to improve extraction performance. We perform a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed model and the individual extensions including an extensive hyperparameter search leading to 2647 different runs. We find that ensembling and choosing the right pretrained language model are crucial for optimal performance, whereas adding additional data and embedded side information did not improve results. Our best model is based on an ensemble of 10 pretrained transformers and additional textual descriptions of chemicals taken from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. The model reaches an F1 score of 79.73% on the hidden DrugProt test set and achieves the first rank out of 107 submitted runs in the official evaluation.

Database URL: https://github.com/leonweber/drugprot