bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REDES DE APOYO EN FAMILIAS RURALES A PARTIR DE LAS PRÁCTICAS COLABORATIVAS EL CASO DE UNE, CUNDINAMARCA
Authors: Bustos Coral Magaly , Silva Giraldo Edward Johnn
Published: February 2025

La siguiente investigación denominada “Redes de Apoyo en Familias Rurales a partir de las Prácticas Colaborativas”, plantea como objetivo indagar a partir de las prácticas colaborativas cómo un grupo de familias Rurales del municipio de Une, Cundinamarca, gestionan sus redes de apoyo para la generación de un tejido social de mutuo cuidado. De este modo, se estudia desde las redes de apoyo, la superación de la visión asistencialista y la metáfora piramidal que actúa desde arriba hacia abajo y desde afuera hacia el núcleo.
El interés de estudiar a las familias rurales surge al reconocer que existe un vacío en el conocimiento de estas familias en Colombia, especialmente con las transformaciones a raíz de la globalización y los procesos de paz. En este sentido, se hace necesario investigar sin la pretensión de hacer generalizaciones, sino de poder visibilizar las particularidades de un grupo de familias rurales del municipio de Une, Cundinamarca. De igual manera, responde al interés investigativo del Instituto de Estudios en familia de la Fundación Universitaria Monserrate orientado a la comprensión de la diversidad familiar.
La fundamentación epistemológica que orienta la comprensión de las redes de apoyo en el marco de la ruralidad es el construccionismo social, donde el conocimiento se construye en las relaciones comunitarias y en los procesos microsociales. En cuanto a la metodología, las prácticas colaborativas orientan el trabajo participativo y horizontal con las familias rurales, el grupo de catequistas, el sacerdote y la profesora de una de las escuelas, para favorecer los diálogos y las posibilidades de acción. Los resultados señalan cómo las prácticas colaborativas favorecen las conversaciones apreciativas con los nodos de la red y las familias rurales para fortalecer el tejido social de mutuo cuidado.
Delay differential systems. A generalization of the Lotka-Volterra model
Authors: Constantin Bendrea , Adrian Stan
Published: February 2025

The first mathematical laws used in the theory of survival were introduced by Th. Malthus (1798-Principle of population; 1803-The theory of population), B. Gompertz (1860), and W. Makeham (1874). They proposed different exponential laws to describe the intensity of death, which then formed the basis for the biometric functions of survival. In the twentieth century, the development of demographic research, as well as the study of various epidemics affecting populations, led to the emergence and evolution of new methods for solving problems in survival theory. Lotka-Volterra (in their Predator-Prey model) described the differential equations of population growth (in humans, microorganisms, and other species). These models were later improved by E. M. Wright and P. J. Wangersky (1978), who more plausibly assumed that the phenomena of immigration-emigration could represent the biological reaction of self-regulation of a population, and that this factor acts with a certain delay. The use of random processes and, later, stochastic differential equations contributed to the evolution and diversification of mathematical models in biological systems. In this article, we have developed a variational functional framework for the description of problems associated with delayed differential systems. We have thus made a generalization of the Lotka-Volterra model.
The connection between the stochastic series and the time depending phenomena
Authors: Nina Cazacu
Published: February 2025

The present paper employs computer-assisted methods in order to solve different type of equations and systems.The most significant goal is to transform, by modeling, time-depending series, such as stochastic series forinstance, into dynamic systems that can be solved, while also obtaining visual representations of their solutions.So, we have started with an introduction including different computer-assisted methods for solving differentialequations and systems, followed by a proposed algorithm that leads to both an analytical formula and a graphicalrepresentation of the optimal solution and command for a specific class of dynamical systems.Through this work, we have shown that stochastic series can be expressed, through mathematical modeling, as atime-dependent system of equations or even as dynamic system, which we have established an obvious similaritywith the generalised dynamic systems of the age-structured populations, discovered by J.R. Chasnov.The connection which we have established allows for the application of the classical computer-assisted methods,as well as particular algorithms, for many other time-dependent series, which can be modeled in the dynamicsystem form, particularly when the main term follows a time-recurring formula.
The Future of Construction from a Sustainable Materials Perspective
Authors: STANCA Simona
Published: February 2025

In the context of a growing global concern for the environment and sustainability, the construction industry is facing a key shift in the use of materials to reduce impact on the planet. The future of construction is increasingly taking shape under the imprint of material sustainability, a direction aimed at creating and using environmentally friendly and sustainable materials in the construction process. Today, the future of construction is closely linked to the use of sustainable materials and environmentally friendly practices. This paradigm shift in construction is driven by concerns about environmental impact and the need to reduce the carbon footprint of the construction industry. A sustainable approach is not just an option, but a necessity to ensure a better future and protect the environment for future generations. The future of construction under the imprint of material sustainability is a key topic in the context of global concerns about the environment and the limited resources of our planet.
Curricular innovation and its expressions. Analysis of the forms of innovation according to university professors
Authors: Zea-Verdín Aldo Asunción , Castellón-Lepe Alma Jazmín , Guzmán-Álvarez Alejandra , González-Basilio Sofía de Jesús
Published: February 2025

Curricular innovation is understood as a dialogic construction of
the curriculum by agents, that is, by the academics who through
their practice determine ideologies and, in turn, a conception of
curriculum and curricular innovation. This article is part of the
results of a research project aimed at describing the elements for
understanding the practices that have been successful in
incorporating curricular innovation, from the agents' perspective.
It was developed within the framework of higher education
institutions and specifically a public university. Therefore, a
theoretical framework is presented based on different expert
authors, recovering theoretical and operational elements.
Nilai Perusahaan yang Dipengaruhi oleh ESG Score, Retention Ratio dan Ukuran Perusahaan
Authors: Olivia Theresia , Riswandari Ernie , Nelson Catheryn Iona , Jeninfer J
Published: February 2025

A company always wants to make a profit from its operations so that they can survive. The company will continue to strive to maximize its value to achieve its main goal. The higher the share price of a company, the greater its value, increasing market confidence in its performance and future prospects. There are several factors that can affect firm value. This study aims to determine how the influence of ESG Score, retention ratio and company size on firm value. this research is a quantitative study with research subjects in IDX listed companies that have ESG Score. Observation time 2020-2022. The sample used was 102 using multiple regression analysis. The results obtained show that ESG Score has no effect on firm value. Retention ratio and company size affect firm value
QUALIDADE DA EDUCAÇÃO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A FORMALIZAÇÃO NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Costa Ana Karolina Mendes Mathias , Teixeira Evandro Camargos
Published: February 2025

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre a qualidade da educação, tendo como proxy o Índice de Qualidade da Educação do 3º ano do ensino médio, e a formalização no mercado de trabalho do estado de Minas Gerais entre os anos 2013 e 2019. Para tal, são utilizadas informações provenientes do Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social (IMRS) e estimação de um modelo econométrico com dados em painel dinâmico. Os resultados indicam a existência de relação direta entre o Índice de Qualidade da Educação e a taxa de emprego formal. Dessa forma, atesta-se  que indivíduos com desempenho acadêmico mais elevado desenvolvem competências essenciais, que elevam a inserção no mercado de trabalho formal. A partir dos resultados encontrados, políticas públicas com ênfase no aprimoramento da qualidade da educação podem constituir uma forma eficaz de elevar o nível de formalização no mercado de trabalho, contribuindo no processo de desenvolvimento econômico mineiro.
Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Mesiodens pada Anak: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Maryam Khaulah , Jeffrey Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Mesiodens are supernumerary teeth or extra teeth that grow between two maxillary central incisors, often found in children with mixed dentition. Appropriate management in cases of mesiodens needs to be carried out, because mesiodens can cause various complications. We reported a 13-year-old boy who came to RSGM Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani (Unjani) with complaints of messy front teeth and an excess tooth appearing between the two incisors of the upper jaw. The patient underwent treatment in the form of mesiodens extraction, followed by continuous observation for one year after treatment. Evaluation one year after treatment showed excellent results. It is recommended that extraction of mesiodens be carried out as soon as possible. Removal of the mesiodens at a young age will minimize the need for orthodontic therapy and additional surgical intervention in the future.
Keywords: tooth extraction; mesiodens; supernumerary teeth
  
Abstrak: Mesiodens adalah supernumerary teeth atau gigi berlebih yang tumbuh di antara kedua insisif sentral rahang atas, sering dijumpai pada anak dengan periode gigi campuran. Penatalaksanaan yang tepat pada penanganan kasus mesiodens perlu dilakukan, karena mesiodens dapat menyebabkan beragam komplikasi. Kami melaporkan kasus seorang anak laki-laki berusia 13 tahun datang ke RSGM Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani (Unjani) dengan keluhan gigi depannya berantakan dan adanya gigi berlebih yang muncul di antara kedua gigi seri rahang atasnya. Pasien dilakukan perawatan berupa ekstraksi mesiodens, dilanjutkan dengan observasi berkelanjutan selama satu tahun pasca perawatan. Evaluasi satu tahun setelah perawatan menunjukkan hasil yang sangat baik. Ekstraksi mesiodens direkomendasikan untuk dilakukan sesegera mungkin. Pencabutan mesiodens pada usia muda akan meminimalkan kebutuhan terapi ortodontik maupun intervensi bedah tambahan di kemudian hari.
Kata kunci:  ekstraksi gigi; mesiodens; supernumerary teeth
Effects of Oil Palm Trunk Biochar on Nutrient Uptake and Growth Performance of Oil Palm Seedlings in Pre-Nursery
Authors: Ebsan Marihot Sianipar  , Sumihar Hutapea  , Siti Mardiana
Published: February 2025

Due to soil is an important factor as a growing media to obtain good oil palm in pre-nursery. Meanwhile, soil degradation has occured in many places throuhgout the oil palm plantations such as ultisols. Therefor, it is crucial improving soil quality by application biochar. One identified option is biochar derived from oil palm trunk (OPT) application. This study objectives were to determine the growth, macronutrient status, and nutrient uptake of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) to the addition of biochars derived from the top, middle, and bottom section OPT in ultisols pre-nursery planting media. The experiment was arranged in a non-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in a polyethylene bag. Biochars were added to ultisols at 1, 2, 3, and 4 % (w/w) in a green house experiment for 12 weeks pre-nursery. The application of biochars derived OPT increased plant height, shoot and root dry weight, content of N, P, K uptake, and N, P, K-total in soil acchieved by the dose of 2%. The addition of biochar derived top section OPT provided better growth and N, P, K uptake than biochar derived bottom and middle section OPT. The findings revealed the application of biochars OPT at 2% (w/w) was more efficient for soil amendment to ultisols soil.
Hubungan Antara Screen Time dengan Angka Kejadian Miopia Pada Anak Sebelum dan Setelah Masa Pandemi Covid-19 : Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka
Authors: Anugrahsari Santi , Shania Audrianisa  , Cahya Virgin Septyany  , Appy Enjeline Grecielya , Rohy Charlos Ivanly Jusuf
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang. Kebijakan pandemi COVID-19, pembatasan beraktivitas diluar ruangan dan pembelajaran jarak jauh berdampak signifikan terutama pada kejadian miopia pada anak. Perubahan ini terkait dengan peningkatan waktu penggunaan layar, berkurangnya kegiatan di luar ruangan, dan durasi tidur yang kurang memadai. Hal ini menunjukkan potensi dampak jangka panjang terhadap prevalensi dan perkembangan miopia. Metode. Dalam literature review ini menggunakan artikel dalam database jurnal-jurnal penelitian dengan dilakukan pencarian melalui internet. Database internet yang digunakan adalah melalui Google Scholar dan Pubmed dengan menggunakan kata kunci: “Children”, “Epidemiologi”, “Risk Factor” dan “Myopia”. Kriteria inklusi dari literatur ini adalah artikel berbahasa Inggris, tahun publikasi 10 tahun terakhir, jenis artikel yang dipakai adalah publikasi hasil penelitian. Sedangkan, kriteria eksklusi dari literatur ini ialah duplikasi, dan hanya abstrak atau tidak ditemukan full text. Simpulan penelitian-penelitian ini secara bersama-sama menunjukkan bahwa miopia pada anak sekolah dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan lingkungan, dengan waktu menggunakan layar, pekerjaan dekat, dan tinggal di perkotaan menjadi faktor risiko yang signifikan. Peran perlindungan kegiatan luar ruangan terhadap miopia terlihat di berbagai wilayah geografis. Pandemi COVID-19 telah memperparah masalah ini, menyoroti perlunya intervensi yang berfokus pada mengurangi waktu menggunakan layar dan meningkatkan kegiatan luar ruangan untuk mengelola dan mencegah progresi miopia.
Dilema Etik bagi Tenaga Kesehatan dalam Menentukan Pilihan Tindakan Medis Berdasarkan Prinsip Berbuat Baik (Beneficence) atau Prinsip Otonomi (Autonomy)
Authors: Saputra Warren , Djai Yen Liauw
Published: February 2025

Pendahuluan: Tujuan utama profesi kedokteran adalah mengatasi penderitaan dan memulihkan kesehatan pasien melalui praktik medis. Praktik ini didasarkan pada etik dan moral. Prinsip beneficence mengharuskan dokter bertindak demi kebaikan pasien, sementara prinsip autonomy menekankan hak individu untuk membuat keputusan sendiri. Prinsip ini adalah kewajiban prima facie yang dalam situasi konflik, harus dinilai bobot masing-masing berdasarkan konteks untuk menentukan tindakan terbaik bagi pasien.
 
Metodologi: Telaah pustaka dilakukan dari sumber referensi, yaitu PubMed. Artikel yang diperoleh diseleksi sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi, dan hasil akhir diperoleh 10 artikel.
 
Hasil dan Pembahasan: Beneficence dan autonomy adalah tugas moral utama dalam bioetika, dan interaksi antara keduanya membutuhkan pertimbangan yang cermat dalam menentukan cara terbaik untuk bertindak.  Dalam beberapa kasus, seperti praktik alergi, dilema etik dapat muncul. Pendalaman ilmu etik dan penggunaan komunikasi yang sesuai dengan soft paternalismemenjadi pilihan dalam solusi masalah tersebut.
 
Kesimpulan: Dalam praktik medis, prinsip beneficence dan autonomy sering menimbulkan dilema, terutama ketika preferensi dokter untuk berbuat baik bertentangan dengan keputusan medis pasien, seperti pada kasus pengekangan fisik, bedah plastik, pasien anak, dan pasien jiwa. Percakapan persuasif dapat membantu mencapai perawatan yang sesuai dengan tujuan pasien, tanpa mengorbankan prinsip beneficence dan autonomy.
 
Kata kunci: Autonomy, Beneficence, Dilema Etik, Etika Kedokteran, Prinsip Bioetika
Tinjauan Etik Rumah Sakit Berkontribusi Dalam Limbah Makanan
Authors: Yen Liauw Djai , Wea Brigitta Yuliana , Tholib Clemarie Natasha , Mai Roy , Rasyiqah Fajrina Rizki , Yurike Vony , Ongga Leonardo
Published: February 2025

Pendahuluan: Sekitar sepertiga produksi makanan yang diproduksi per tahun dibuang dan menjadi limbah makanan yang terjadi di seluruh dunia dan dapat mempengaruhi bidang sosial, keuangan dan lingkungan dalam skala global. Menurut Williams dan Walton, limbah makanan yang dihasilkan rumah sakit dua sampai tiga kali lebih besar dibandingkan di bidang pelayanan lainnya. Limbah makanan dari rumah sakit dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Limbah makanan yang berasal dari rumah sakit yang diolah dan didaur ulang akan menghasilkan metana dan emisi CO2 yang turut menambah pemanasan global.
Metodologi: Pencarian literatur dilakukan menggunakan database Pubmed dan Google scholar dengan kata kunci utama “limbah makanan”, “rumah sakit”, “lingkungan”, dan “etik”. Artikel yang digunakan mencakup publikasi hingga tahun 2024 dan berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris.
Pembahasan: Literatur ini menunjukkan bahwa sayuran sering menjadi jenis makanan yang paling tersisa di rumah sakit karena faktor rasa, suhu, dan tampilan yang kurang menarik. Karakteristik pasien juga mempengaruhi limbah makanan, seperti usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, serta kondisi kesehatan.  Strategi untuk mengurangi limbah makanan meliputi penyajian menarik, sistem room service, dan inovasi biokonversi dengan larva BSF. Negara Indonesia sendiri memiliki beberapa kebijakan untuk mengurangi limbah makanan, namun masih diperlukan manajemen yang lebih terarah.
Kesimpulan: Limbah makanan di rumah sakit berdampak pada lingkungan, sosial, dan finansial, dipengaruhi oleh kualitas makanan, karakteristik pasien, dan lingkungan perawatan. Strategi pengurangan utama termasuk peningkatan penyajian makanan, layanan fleksibel seperti room service, biokonversi dengan larva BSF, dan daur ulang. Indonesia memiliki kebijakan untuk mengurangi limbah, tetapi diperlukan regulasi yang lebih spesifik untuk rumah sakit
Metacognitive Writing Strategies of Master Students in the Departments of English at Yemeni Universities
Authors: Saleh Nasr Mohsen Ali , Mutahar Abbas Abdul-Malik Mohammed , Alwai Abdullah Mohammed Salem
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the use of metacognitive writing strategies among master's students in the English departments at Yemeni universities, focusing on their role in enhancing academic writing proficiency. Using a quantitative descriptive design, data were collected from 30 master’s students at Sana’a and Aden universities through a validated questionnaire. The findings reveal that while students demonstrate strong awareness of metacognitive strategies in planning, monitoring, and evaluating their work, they face challenges in applying advanced cohesive devices such as ellipsis, substitution, and collocations. Gender and specialization were found to have no significant impact on the use of these strategies. The study recommends the need for targeted interventions to address these challenges, emphasizing reflective practices, structured training, and the integration of digital tools to foster self-regulation and continuous improvement. These findings contribute to the growing literature on metacognitive strategies and offer practical insights for educators and policymakers in higher education.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Reminder Service Untuk Kenaikan Pangkat Dan Informasi Pensiun ASN Menggunakan Whatsapp Api Berbasis Website
Authors: Qadri Habib Al , Al-Khowarizmi Al-Khowarizmi , Andriana Septiana Dewi
Published: February 2025

This research aims to design and develop a web-based reminder service application that informs Civil Servants (ASN) about promotions and retirement information through the WhatsApp API. Currently, notifications regarding promotions and retirement information for ASN are still manually conveyed through WhatsApp messages without standardization. This research aims to provide more structured information about promotions and retirement, from scheduling to standardized messages. The research focuses on the need for an efficient system to manage and deliver important information related to ASN promotions and retirement, given the frequent delays and inaccuracies in information dissemination. The system development method used is the Waterfall model, which includes the stages of requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. This application is built using the PHP programming language and the Yii Framework, and it integrates the WhatsApp API for personal notifications. Testing results show that this application functions well, providing timely notifications and making it easier for ASN to receive important information related to promotions and retirement through WhatsApp. The web-based reminder service application with WhatsApp API integration is effective in enhancing the efficiency of delivering promotion and retirement information to ASN and is expected to be widely implemented in personnel administration systems.
An Analysis of Teachers’ Insights on Assessment Approaches in the Implementation of a Competency-Based Curriculum for Islamic Religious Education in Secondary Schools in Wakiso District – Uganda
Authors: Muhammad Kiggundu Musoke , Kalule John , Sserwadda Batiibwe Moses
Published: February 2025

This study explored teachers' insights on the assessment strategies used to implement the IRE competency-based curriculum in secondary schools in Wakiso District. This study used a phenomenological design with a sample size that depended on the saturation of findings. Secondary school teachers were sampled using simple random sampling while participants in other categories were purposively selected. The interview guide and focus group discussion guide were used as data collection instruments. Data was analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Key findings revealed that teachers perceived competency-based assessment as a more effective way of evaluating student learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education compared to traditional assessment methods. Most teachers agreed that competency-based assessment helps improve student learning outcomes, enhance student engagement, and promote critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, the study also found that some teachers faced challenges in implementing competency-based assessments. The study concluded that teachers had perceived IRE competency-based curriculum assessment as relevant but a complex activity in its implementation. Based on the study findings, discussion and conclusions, the study recommends that if the IRE competency-based curriculum is to be effectively implemented, the District Education Department, Ministry of Education and Sports officials, UNEB officials and NCDC Officials should develop clear criteria for assessing student competencies and provide tools for teachers to give constructive feedback. Therefore, this study contributes to the field of Islamic education by providing insights into the complexities of curriculum implementation from a teacher-centred perspective. It urges for a more integrated approach that considers teachers as key stakeholders in curriculum development and reform, advocating for policies that support their professional growth and enhance the quality of IRE competency-based education. Thus, the findings underscore the necessity for targeted interventions to empower teachers, ultimately enriching students’ understanding of Islamic values within a competency-based framework
Stress-strain state of stone cross vaults
Authors: Zimin S. S.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The calculation of stone vaults in historical buildings employs an approach in which vaults are treated as elements “assembled” from three-hinged, two-hinged, and hingeless arches, with the determination of forces being carried out according to general rules of structural mechanics. However, the capabilities of such an approach to analyze spatially working structures (cross vaults) made of materials exhibiting strength anisotropy (masonry) are extremely limited.

Aim. To establish the regularies in the formation of the stress-strain state parameters of a stone cross vault under uniformly distributed loads, as well as the influence of the strength anisotropy of masonry on the strength of the vault.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the stress-strain state of the stone cross vault was performed using a high-level finite element modeling software in a solid spatial homogeneous formulation. The study assessedthe impact of the strength anisotropy of masonry and the non-uniaxiality of the stress state in specific areas  of the vault on its overall strength.

Results. The most unfavorable stress state was found to occur in the central area of the cross vault beneath the axes of the formwork, where biaxial tension of equal intensity is formed, characterized by extremely low resistance. The stress-strain state is dependent on the ratio of rise f to span L (f/L). The strength of the stone cross vault was revealed to depend, among other things, on the orientation of forces relative to mortar joints in the masonry; significant non-uniaxiality of forces is observed in specific areas.

Conclusions. The most significant factor affecting the formation of the stress-strain state in a stone cross vault, in addition to its span and thickness, is the ratio of rise f to span L (f/L). Strength analysis of cross vaults should consider the orientation of forces relative to mortar joints while accounting for the non-uniaxiality of forces in specific areas.
Engineering survey of stone buildings after fire exposure
Authors: Kurlapov D. V.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Engineering survey forms a basis for making informed decisions regarding the operation of stone structures following exposure to high temperatures and fire.

Aim. To determine the residual bearing capacity and to specify methods for reinforcing stone structures after a fire.

Materials and methods. The impact of fire on stone structures depends on the size and material of the stone, the spatial arrangement of the walls, the thermal and prolonged effects of the fire, and the firefighting methods employed.

Results. Stone buildings constructed in the late 19th and first half of the 20th century were predominantly 2–7 stories high, while those built in the second half of the 20th century ranged from 5 to 14 stories. The walls were primarily made of solid and hollow ceramic and sand-lime bricks. The mortar used for wall masonry in the late 19th century and throughout the 20th century was cement-lime based. The thickness of walls built in the late 19th to early 20th century typically comprised 2–2.5 bricks, while after the 1920s, it was generally two bricks. When exposed to thermal effects of a fire, ceramic brick masonry at temperatures up to 800 °C experiences spalling of the stone to a depth of no more than 5 mm, with vertical and inclined surface cracks appearing, while the bearing capacity remains unaffected. At temperatures between 800 and 1000 °C, fire damage penetrates to a depth of 5–10 mm, resulting in vertical and inclined cracks extending no more than two courses of masonry, with wall bulging not exceeding 1/6 of their thickness. The bearing capacity of the masonry decreases by 15–20 %. When masonry walls and columns made of ceramic bricks are heated from 1000 to 1200 °C, damage exceeds 10 mm in depth, with vertical and inclined cracks extending over two courses of masonry, and bulging of walls reaching one-third or more of the masonry thickness. The bearing capacity of the masonry declines by more than 20 %.

Conclusions. All cracks must be classified according to their causes: overloading of wall sections, thermal effect, and uneven foundation settlement. This necessitates an inspection of wall sections adjacent to areas affected by fire. The type and condition of the mortar in the masonry are to be assessed. For comparison, joints in masonry adjacent to fire-damaged areas should be examined. The design resistance of brick masonry subjected to fire exposure, after cooling, is considered equal to the design resistance prior to the fire multiplied by a coefficient for reduced bearing capacity kmc.
Modern anisotropic criteria and limiting surfaces of masonry strength under plane stress state for calculations in software packages
Authors: Smagin I. V. , Likhacheva S. Yu. , Pozdeev M. L.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Assessing the strength of elements in spatial load-bearing structures during automated calculations using plastic flow theory requires establishing a strength condition, the geometric interpretation of which is represented as a surface in stress space. The exit of the point depicting the stressed state beyond the described surface during the loading of the computational model indicates material failure. Evaluating the strength of masonry structures implies considering material characteristics such as differential resistance, the dependence of strength on the angle of anisotropy, and various values of biaxial strength, which imposes limitations on the use of existing limiting surfaces.

Aim. To review existing strength criteria, describe their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their applicability limits for strength modeling of masonry elements.

Materials and methods. The review of existing strength criteria is based on relevant sources. Assessing the accuracy of approximation for the strength conditions of the experimental data obtained from tests involved numerical methods implemented in Python using Numpy, Sympy, and Matplotlib libraries for graphical visualization of the results. Tensor calculus theory is utilized to describe the actual and ultimate stress states at an elementary point of the structure, while aspects of linear algebra are used to record the relationships of mechanical constants of the material.

Results. The accuracy of approximation for experimental data using the Willam-Warnke strength criterion is assessed in comparison with the Geniev strength criterion for the plane stress state of masonry. The paper provides a brief overview of existing masonry strength models, describing their physical interpretations and applied approaches.

Conclusions. Existing strength criteria have disadvantages, such as inaccuracies in approximation of experimental data, complexity in implementing computational calculations, incomplete descriptions of strength properties, and phenomenology of the approaches used. The development of a new specialized criterion for a comprehensive description of masonry strength models is considered relevant.
La lateralidad y su influencia en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en los estudiantes de segundo año básico
Authors: Macas Coronel Flor Alexandra , Hidalgo Andrade Leonarda Cointa , Anchundia Dueñas Flérida Haideé , Vera Arteaga Edwin Martín , Muñoz Mendoza Olga Melania
Published: February 2025

La presente investigación tiene como propósito analizar la influencia de la lateralidad en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura de los estudiantes de segundo año de Educación Básica de la Unidad Educativa "6 de Octubre", ubicada en el cantón Santo Domingo. Este estudio se llevó a cabo mediante la aplicación del Test de Harris para evaluar la lateralidad y fichas de observación para registrar el desempeño en actividades de lectoescritura, permitiendo identificar cómo la lateralidad cruzada o no definida impacta en el desarrollo de estas habilidades fundamentales. Además, se realizó un análisis de las estrategias pedagógicas utilizadas por los docentes y los recursos disponibles en el aula para abordar estas dificultades, evaluando la efectividad de actividades psicomotoras y lúdicas en la estimulación de la lateralidad. Este proyecto es de gran relevancia, ya que busca fortalecer el proceso de lectoescritura mediante la implementación de estrategias innovadoras y adaptadas a las necesidades neuropsicológicas de los estudiantes, promoviendo así un aprendizaje más significativo y personalizado. Los resultados de esta investigación permitirán establecer recomendaciones prácticas para docentes, incluyendo la creación de un portafolio digital que sirva como guía para identificar dificultades relacionadas con la lateralidad y diseñar intervenciones pedagógicas efectivas, contribuyendo a un desarrollo académico integral y sostenible.
Federico Fellini Representando el Matrimonio en sus Filmes Giulietta de los Espíritus y Ocho y Medio
Authors: Acosta Briceño Richard Joel , Briceño Soto Lida Carmen
Published: February 2025

Al comparar dos de las obras más icónicas de Federico Fellini: Giulietta de los Espíritus y Ocho y Medio, se observa que ambas películas abordan el matrimonio desde perspectivas opuestas de género. Consideradas como dos caras de la misma moneda, comparten conflictos similares y una narrativa que mezcla sueños, fantasías y recuerdos. Mientras que Ocho y Medio sigue a Guido, un director insatisfecho y propenso a la infidelidad, Giulietta de los Espíritus explora el viaje de Giulietta, a quien su esposo le es infiel, que busca respuestas emocionales y espirituales. Ambos filmes reflejan el matrimonio desde una visión masculina, aunque Giulietta de los Espíritus representa un intento de Fellini por explorar la autonomía femenina, influenciado por el feminismo de los años sesenta. La representación de la mujer evoluciona de arquetipos simplistas hacia una visión más compleja, aunque aún limitada por la perspectiva de un director hombre. Este análisis fílmico multimodal examina elementos visuales, narrativos y emocionales para revelar cómo Fellini plasma sus experiencias personales y su visión de género en pantalla, explorando la lucha entre lo sexual y lo emocional, el impacto de la infidelidad y las diferencias de género en la percepción del matrimonio.
Los desafíos de la formulación de políticas públicas en el fenómeno migratorio y el desarrollo de la región Tijuana-San Diego
Authors: Vera Martínez Martín Cutberto , López Jiménez Fabricio
Published: February 2025

En 2023, las Naciones Unidas, estimaron que el 3,6% de la población mundial vive fuera de su país de origen, obligada a migrar por diversas razones, como la pobreza, la atención médica, educación, el acceso a alimentos y una vivienda digna, o el desplazamiento forzado (Naciones Unidas, 2023). Por tanto, es necesario estudiar el ¿cómo?, ¿por qué? y ¿cuáles políticas públicas los gobiernos adoptan basándose en los resultados para competir y enfrentar los desafíos internaciones y su interdependencia? Por ello, es importante identificar las insuficiencias e irregularidades para una implementación idónea de políticas públicas. En virtud de que el capital humano y la competitividad regional puedan detonarse, las instituciones deben ajustarse al dinamismo creciente de la demanda de la región fronteriza entre Estados Unidos y México. En relación con lo anterior, el artículo busca contestar preguntas como ¿cuentan San Diego y Tijuana cuentan con políticas públicas para atender a la población migrante?, ¿es necesaria la implementación de políticas públicas para atender a la población migrante?
La vida en un cartón- proyecto interdisciplinar en arte, literatura y tecnología
Authors: Faicán Puchaicela Wilson Gonzalo
Published: February 2025

El proyecto “La vida en un cartón” se desarrolló como una propuesta educativa interdisciplinaria cuyo objetivo fue el de fomentar la creatividad e innovación en niños y adolescentes mediante la integración de las artes, la literatura y las tecnologías digitales. Se aplicó la metodología de Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP), las técnicas aplicadas fueron el estudio guiado, la resolucion de problemas, la experimentación, la resolución creativa y la problemática en realidades sociales. Los participantes exploraron técnicas de las artes plásticas como la pintura, la cerámita, entre otras actividades que les permitió mejorar su apreciación del arte; en el área de la literatura, se trabajó el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas y críticas mediante la creación de cuentos, libros y cuadernos de artístas, que se complementaron con la ejecucion de talleres de títeres y narrativas escénicas; a la par, se integraron competencias digitales, a traves de la creacion de páginas web, cortometrajes uso de la inteligencia artificial y la realidad aumentada. Las actividades ejecutadas les permitió a los estudiantes desarrollar sus habilidades artísticas, lingüísticas y tecnológicas en un contexto creativo e innovador adecuado para asumir un rol activo en la creacion de nuevos conocimientos.
Conciliación de facto en los delitos de tránsito con muerte en Ecuador
Authors: Farez Ron Verónica Thalia , Moreno Ramírez Alisson Nicole
Published: February 2025

El presente estudio analiza las implicaciones de las conciliaciones de facto en delitos de tránsito con resultado de muerte y su impacto en el principio de objetividad fiscal. El objetivo principal es determinar si estos acuerdos respetan la imparcialidad y equidad del proceso penal. Se aplicaron métodos científico, inductivo, deductivo, analítico, exegético, comparativo y sintético, mediante un enfoque documental basado en normativa ecuatoriana, jurisprudencia y doctrina especializada. Los hallazgos revelan que las conciliaciones informales, al realizarse fuera del marco legal, pueden vulnerar el principio de objetividad fiscal, afectando la imparcialidad de la actuación fiscal y el derecho de las víctimas a una reparación integral. Además, se identificaron tensiones entre la búsqueda de justicia restaurativa y la necesidad de sancionar adecuadamente las conductas culposas. Se concluye que, aunque la conciliación constituye un mecanismo válido en ciertos delitos, su aplicación en casos de tránsito con resultado de muerte presenta desafíos legales y éticos que requieren una mayor regulación y supervisión fiscal. Finalmente, se resalta la importancia de garantizar que los acuerdos no desvirtúen los principios fundamentales de justicia, equidad y debido proceso establecidos en la legislación ecuatoriana.
Kedudukan Perkawinan Campuran Tanpa Perjanjian Kawin Atas Jual Beli Apartemen Dengan Hak Guna Bangunan
Authors: Raihana Anjani Callista , Yuliana Nualedang Victoria
Published: February 2025

This research aims to examine marriages between Indonesian citizens and foreigners, known as mixed marriages, mixed marriages, namely marriages between citizens based on various kinds of differences, one of which is differences in nationality. The legal consequences of this marriage concern the assets obtained during the marriage. If you do not previously make a marriage agreement containing arrangements regarding assets, then the assets acquired during the marriage are considered joint assets. A property separation agreement can be made at the time of marriage, before the marriage takes place, or during the marriage. Then, based on the provisions of Article 21 of Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles Regulations, Indonesian citizens who carry out mixed marriages can have the same rights to land as other Indonesian citizens who do not carry out mixed marriages, but this must be proven by a property separation agreement. Husband and wife have the right to manage joint property with the consent of both parties. One of the actions that requires the consent of the parties regarding joint property is the act of selling and buying something, one of which is buying property to be used as a residence, so an agreement between the parties is needed to determine ownership rights. The existence of mixed marriages without a marriage agreement gives rise to legal consequences related to the status of ownership rights to land.
Bűnelkövetés a vasúton 2016–2020 között
Authors: Palásti Dana Lia
Published: February 2025

Aim: Crimes committed on railways and trains are at the center of the study with the question of how different built environmental and geographical factors affect them, what it depends on where, with what frequency and what type of crime they commit.
Methodology: The data included in the research were taken from the databases of MÁV-START Zrt. and the National Police Headquarters (crime location: railway), which were examined according to the following factors: types of crime; location, settlement; railway line, railway station; train; period; and the effect of crime prevention tools. The research is based on the theories of environmental criminology, geography of crime and situational crime prevention.
Findings: During the 5 years under review the number of crimes committed on trains has increased. Of the factors examined the location of the railway lines has the greatest impact on criminals. Most crimes are committed in Budapest and in the north-western region of Hungary, Győr, especially on railway line 1. Different types of crimes are committed on the western and eastern railway lines. In terms of types of trains, most crimes are committed on Railjet trains and passenger trains. These are mainly committed in February and the summer. Crime prevention tools and techniques used on trains are becoming more and more common. The examined factors not only affect the offenders individually, but also collectively.
Value: I have drawn conclusions about the connection with crimes committed on railways and social, socio-economic factors in Hungary. I also emphasize the importance of crime prevention techniques that can help to improve passenger safety and the reduce crime in rail transport.
Law enforcement English language examination system (LforS), future dimensions
Authors: Láng Nóra
Published: February 2025

Aim: Introduction to the – unique at European level - law enforcement language examination system, comparing to other general and special language examination systems, accredited in Hungary. Presentation of the assessment descriptors, divided into language skills on the basis of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (KER). Possible roles of the law enforcement language examination system in different fields at national and international level.
Methodology: The study demonstrates the language examination system from a linguistic and law enforcement point of view, provides a conformity analysis of the content, validity, and measurement methods of the examination, and explores options for its future developments through needs assessment and analysis.
Findings: The law enforcement language examination also fills a gap in Europe and world-wide. The theme of the examination covers all the law enforcement – broadly defined – fields, the level system matches the descriptors of the Common European Framework as regards the four language skills. The measurements methods are in line with the Accreditation Manuals, either published by the Council of Europe or by the Accreditation Centre for Foreign Language Examinations of Educational Authority in Hungary. Due to an appropriate articulation with the language knowledge level classification accepted and applied in Europe and the monolingualism of the language examination, makes that particularly suitable for use in other countries as well.
Value: As in Hungary, only a limited number of the population as a whole – hence included law enforcement employees – can speak foreign languages compared to other European countries, presence of a law enforcement language examination system, which is suitable for measuring the level of the language knowledge, standardisation and learning of law enforcement terms, and motivating to improve the language knowledge, might be of great importance. Cross-border crime, organized crime, migration, and other law enforcement related fields at international level are requiring the communication between law enforcement authorities at both bilateral and multilateral levels, with it being essential a common language, appropriate law enforcement language knowledge.
Flat U-Net: An Efficient Ultralightweight Model for Solar Filament Segmentation in Full-disk Hα Images
Authors: Zhu GaoFei , Lin GangHua , Yang Xiao , Zeng Cheng
Published: February 2025

Solar filaments are one of the most prominent features observed on the Sun, and their evolutions are closely related to various solar activities, such as flares and coronal mass ejections. Real-time automated identification of solar filaments is the most effective approach to managing large volumes of data. Existing models of filament identification are characterized by large parameter sizes and high computational costs, which limit their future applications in highly integrated and intelligent ground-based and space-borne observation devices. Consequently, the design of more lightweight models will facilitate the advancement of intelligent observation equipment. In this study, we introduce Flat U-Net, a novel and highly efficient ultralightweight model that incorporates simplified channel attention (SCA) and channel self-attention (CSA) convolutional blocks for the segmentation of solar filaments in full-disk Hα images. Feature information from each network layer is fully extracted to reconstruct interchannel feature representations. Each block effectively optimizes the channel features from the previous layer, significantly reducing parameters. The network architecture presents an elegant flattening, improving its efficiency, and simplifying the overall design. Experimental validation demonstrates that a model composed of pure SCAs achieves a precision of approximately 0.93, with dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and recall rates of 0.76 and 0.64, respectively, significantly outperforming the classical U-Net. Introducing a certain number of CSA blocks improves the DSC and recall rates to 0.82 and 0.74, respectively, which demonstrates a pronounced advantage, particularly concerning model weight size and detection effectiveness. The data set, models, and code are available as open-source resources.
What is eDNA method standardisation and why do we need it?
Authors: Theroux Susanna , Sepulveda Adam , Abbott Cathryn L. , Gold Zachary , Watts Alison W. , Hunter Margaret E. , Klymus Katy E. , Hirsch Shana Lee , Craine Joseph M. , Jones Devin N. , Brown Rachel J. , Steele Joshua A. , Takahashi Miwa , Noble Rachel T. , Darling John A.
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of environmental DNA (eDNA) science in the past two decades has inspired a concomitant growth in the development of eDNA sampling and analytical methods. However, these methods are often developed by individual laboratories or institutions, which can isolate protocols within programmes, agencies or regions and prevent the beneficial exchange of data and ideas. Recent efforts to advance national and international coordination have resulted in a groundswell of standardisation efforts, but there is still considerable confusion around the role of formal standards for regulatory or research applications. With this commentary, we hope to provide clarity on the terminology used in standardisation discussions, including the differences between formal standards and best practice guidelines. Additionally, we discuss how eDNA method choice may be informed by environmental management scenarios and review examples of formal eDNA method standards being used to inform management action. The eDNA community now has an opportunity to develop a roadmap for method development to help close standardisation gaps, advance eDNA method adoption and accelerate our ability to monitor biological life at the scales our current environmental challenges demand.