bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACE2, angiotensin 1-7 and skeletal muscle: review in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Yamamoto Koichi , Takeshita Hikari , Rakugi Hiromi
Published: November 2020

Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is a multifunctional transmembrane protein recently recognised as the entry receptor of the virus causing COVID-19. In the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), ACE2 cleaves angiotensin II (Ang II) into angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), which is considered to exert cellular responses to counteract the activation of the RAS primarily through a receptor, Mas, in multiple organs including skeletal muscle. Previous studies have provided abundant evidence suggesting that Ang 1-7 modulates multiple signalling pathways leading to protection from pathological muscle remodelling and muscle insulin resistance. In contrast, there is relatively little evidence to support the protective role of ACE2 in skeletal muscle. The potential contribution of endogenous ACE2 to the regulation of Ang 1-7-mediated protection of these muscle pathologies is discussed in this review. Recent studies have suggested that ACE2 protects against ageing-associated muscle wasting (sarcopenia) through its function to modulate molecules outside of the RAS. Thus, the potential association of sarcopenia with ACE2 and the associated molecules outside of RAS is also presented herein. Further, we introduce the transcriptional regulation of muscle ACE2 by drugs or exercise, and briefly discuss the potential role of ACE2 in the development of COVID-19.
Pulsed power network with potential gradient method for scalable power grid based on distributed generations
Authors: Sugiyama Hisayoshi
Published: November 2020

The potential gradient method is proposed for system scalability of pulsed power networks. The pulsed power network is already proposed for the seamless integration of distributed generations. In this network, each power transmission is decomposed into a series of electric pulses located at specified power slots in consecutive time frames synchronized over the network. Since every power transmission path is pre‐reserved in this network, distributed generations can transmit their power to individual consumers without conflictions among other paths. In the network operation with a potential gradient method, each power source selects its target consumer that has the maximum potential gradient among others. This gradient equals the division of power demand of the consumer by the distance to its location. Since each of the target consumer selection is shared by power routers within the power transmission path, the processing load of each system component is kept reasonable regardless of the network volume. In addition, a large‐scale power grid is autonomously divided into soft clusters, according to the current system status. Owing to these properties, the potential gradient method brings the system scalability on pulsed power networks. Simulation results are described that confirm the performance of soft clustering.
Physically motivated heat-conduction treatment in simulations of solar-like stars: effects on dynamo transitions
Authors: Viviani M. , Käpylä M. J.
Published: November 2020

Context.Results from global magnetoconvection simulations of solar-like stars are at odds with observations in many respects: simulations show a surplus of energy in the kinetic power spectrum at large scales; anti-solar differential rotation profiles with accelerated poles, and a slow equator for the solar rotation rate; and a transition from axi- to nonaxisymmetric dynamos at a much lower rotation rate than what is observed. Even though the simulations reproduce the observed active longitudes in fast rotators, their motion in the rotational frame (the so-called azimuthal dynamo wave, ADW) is retrograde, in contrast to the prevalent prograde motion in observations.

Aims.We study the effect of a more realistic treatment of heat conductivity in alleviating the discrepancies between observations and simulations.

Methods.We use physically motivated heat conduction by applying Kramers opacity law to a semi-global spherical setup that describes the convective envelopes of solar-like stars, instead of a prescribed heat conduction profile from mixing-length arguments.

Results.We find that some aspects of the results now better correspond to observations: the axi- to nonaxisymmetric transition point is shifted towards higher rotation rates. We also find a change in the propagation direction of ADWs that means that prograde waves are also now found. However, the transition from an anti-solar to solar-like rotation profile is also shifted towards higher rotation rates, leaving the models in an even more unrealistic regime.

Conclusions.Although Kramers-based heat conduction does not help in reproducing the solar rotation profile, it does help in the faster rotation regime, where the dynamo solutions now better match the observations.
KiDS-1000 catalogue: Weak gravitational lensing shear measurements
Authors: Giblin Benjamin , Heymans Catherine , Asgari Marika , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Hoekstra Henk , Joachimi Benjamin , Kannawadi Arun , Kuijken Konrad , Lin Chieh-An , Miller Lance , Tröster Tilman , van den Busch Jan Luca , Wright Angus H. , Bilicki Maciej , Blake Chris , de Jong Jelte , Dvornik Andrej , Erben Thomas , Getman Fedor , Napolitano Nicola R. , Schneider Peter , Shan HuanYuan , Valentijn Edwin
Published: November 2020

We present weak lensing shear catalogues from the fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey, KiDS-1000, spanning 1006 square degrees of deep and high-resolution imaging. Our ‘gold-sample’ of galaxies, with well-calibrated photometric redshift distributions, consists of 21 million galaxies with an effective number density of 6.17 galaxies per square arcminute. We quantify the accuracy of the spatial, temporal, and flux-dependent point-spread function (PSF) model, verifying that the model meets our requirements to induce less than a 0.1σchange in the inferred cosmic shear constraints on the clustering cosmological parameterS8= σ8√Ωm/0.3.. Through a series of two-point null-tests, we validate the shear estimates, finding no evidence for significant non-lensingB-mode distortions in the data. The PSF residuals are detected in the highest-redshift bins, originating from object selection and/or weight bias. The amplitude is, however, shown to be sufficiently low and within our stringent requirements. With a shear-ratio null-test, we verify the expected redshift scaling of the galaxy-galaxy lensing signal around luminous red galaxies. We conclude that the joint KiDS-1000 shear and photometric redshift calibration is sufficiently robust for combined-probe gravitational lensing and spectroscopic clustering analyses.
(85989) 1999 JD6: a first Barbarian asteroid detected by polarimetry in the NEA population
Authors: Kuroda Daisuke , Ishiguro Masateru , Naito Hiroyuki , Watanabe Makoto , Hasegawa Sunao , Takagi Seiko , Kuramoto Kiyoshi
Published: November 2020

Context.To investigate the physical properties of the surface layers of small Solar System objects, we take advantage of the phase-angle dependence of the linear polarization degree, which varies with albedo, composition, and other factors. In particular, the angle at which the positive and negative are reversed is a polarimetric parameter known as inversion angle. A group with large inversion angles (the so-called Barbarians) is unusual and is also noteworthy because of their association with meteorites.

Aims.We identified an object with such a large inversion angle in the near-Earth asteroids and derived previously unknown parameters, including the maximum polarization degree. By comparing the polarimetric parameters and spectral properties of meteorites, we inferred the surface conditions based on the degree of polarization of the asteroid.

Methods.We carried out multiband polarization imaging observations of an L-type near-Earth asteroid, (85989) 1999 JD6, at the Hokkaido University Observatory in 2015 and 2019, covering a wide range of phase angles 30°–105°. Of the polarimetric parameters, we derived the maximum value, inversion angle, and the slope at that angle from the phase angle-polarization degree curve.

Results.We found that the inversion angle and the maximum polarization degree of 1999 JD6are 27° and 13%. The inversion angle is significantly larger than those of the majority of all asteroids observed before, but is consistent with that of Barbarian asteroids. 1999 JD6is the first example belonging to this group that is also among the near-Earth asteroids.

Conclusions.We claim that 1999 JD6is a member of the Barbarians and has rougher surface particles than lunar regolith.
Possible ∼0.4 h X-ray quasi-periodicity from an ultrasoft active galactic nucleus
Authors: Song J. R. , Shu X. W. , Sun L. M. , Xue Y. Q. , Jin C. , Zhang W. J. , Jiang N. , Dou L. M. , Wang T. G.
Published: November 2020

RX J1301.9+2747 is an ultrasoft active galactic nucleus (AGN) with unusual X-ray variability that is characterized by a long quiescent state and a short-lived flare state. The X-ray flares are found to recur quasi-periodically on a timescale of 13−20 ks. Here, we report the analysis of the light curve in the quiescent state from two XMM-Newton observations spanning 18.5 years, along with the discovery of a possible quasi-periodic X-ray oscillation (QPO) with a period of ∼1500 s. The QPO is detected at the same frequency in the two independent observations, with a combined significance of > 99.89%. The QPO is in agreement with the relation between frequency and black hole mass (MBH) that has been reported in previous works for AGNs and Galactic black hole X-ray binaries (XRBs). The QPO frequency is stable over almost two decades, suggesting that it may correspond to the high-frequency type found in XRBs and originates, perhaps, from a certain disk resonance mode. In the 3:2 twin-frequency resonance model, our best estimate on the MBH range implies that a maximal black hole spin can be ruled out. We find that all ultrasoft AGNs reported so far display quasi-periodicities in the X-ray emission, suggesting a possible link on the part of the extreme variability phenomenon to the ultrasoft X-ray component. This indicates that ultrasoft AGNs could be the most promising candidates in future searches for X-ray periodicities.
Wide binaries in planetary nebulae withGaiaDR2
Authors: González-Santamaría I. , Manteiga M. , Manchado A. , Gómez-Muñoz M. A. , Ulla A. , Dafonte C.
Published: November 2020

Context.TheGaiaData Release 2 (DR2) was used to select a sample of 211 central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe) with good-quality astrometric measurements, which we refer to as Golden Astrometry Planetary Nebulae (GAPN).Gaiaastrometric and photometric measurements allowed us to derive accurate distances and radii and to calculate luminosities with the addition of self-consistent literature values. Such information was used to plot the position of these stars in a Hertzsprung-Russel diagram and to study their evolutionary status in comparison with the evolutionary tracks of CSPNe.

Aims.The extremely precise measurement of parallaxes and proper motions inGaiaDR2 has allowed us to search for wide binary companions in a region close to each of the central stars in the GAPN sample. We are interested in establishing the presence of binary companions at large separations which could allow to contribute additional information on the influence of binarity on the formation and evolution of planetary nebulae. We aim to study the evolutive properties of the binary pairs to check the consistency of spectral types and masses in order to better constrain the ages and evolutionary stage of the CSPNe.

Methods.We limited our search to a region around 20 000 AU of each CSPN to minimise accidental detections. We only considered stars with reasonably good parallax and proper motions data, that is, with errors below 30% in DR2. We determined that the hypothetical binary pairs should show a statistically significant agreement for the three astrometric quantities, that is, parallax and both components of the proper motions.

Results.We found eight wide binary systems among our GAPN sample, including one in a triple system. We compiled the astrometric and photometric measurements of these binary systems and discussed them in relation to previously published searches for binaries in PNe. By analysing the position in the HR diagram of the companion stars usingGaiaphotometry, we are able to estimate their temperatures, luminosities, masses and, for one star, the evolutionary age. The derived quantities yield a consistent scenario when compared with the corresponding values as obtained for the central stars using stellar evolutionary models in the postAGB phase.
Intellectual multi-functional plowing unit
Authors: Maslov Gennadiy , Yudina Elena , Malashikhin Nikolai , Samurganov Gavriil
Published: November 2020

A multi-functional plowing unit, combining the operation of the base fertilizer application in one pass, the moldboard plowing, the additional crumbling and the soil leveling is proposed and its efficiency is substantiated. A distinctive advantage of the new unit is the separate fertilizer application to a required depth in the arable layer in accordance with the requirements of a scientifically based farming system: phosphorus fertilizers are applied with a special plow attachment to the bottom of the ploughed furrow, potash and nitrogen fertilizers are distributed throughout the layer by plow moldboards. Additional crumbling and leveling of the plowed surface are carried out simultaneously with plowing by the attachment consisting of a combination of annular-spur and wedge-shaped discs. A prior-art plow body with rightand left-side plowshares was used in the design, which allows discerning the field board, reducing plowing resistance and increasing productivity of the unit. Technical and economic indicators of the multi-functional unit were calculated and analyzed. The qualitative indicators of plowing were also analyzed in comparison with conventional serial plows. Fulfilling the main objective of increasing productivity and reducing costs, the proposed multi-functional unit does not increase, but rather reduces the dust content in the arable layer compared to disc implements, thus reducing erosion processes.
Hematological parameters that determine the course of labor and the postpartum period in highly productive Holstein cows
Authors: Baimishev Murat , Baimishev Rinat , Eremin Sergei , Baimishev Hamidulla
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of hematological parameters of cows on the course of labor and the postpartum period in highly productive Holstein cows. For this purpose, one group of cows was formed on the principle of analogue pairs in the amount of 30 animals with a gestation period of 7.5–8.0 months, followed by blood sampling from them using the Monovet system in vacuum test tubescontainers to determine morphological and biochemical parameters. Blood was taken 25–30 days before delivery in the morning 2 hours before feeding. Blood values were studied according to generally accepted methods using certified equipment. Subsequently, depending on the nature of the course of the birth, the animals were divided into two groups. The first group included 24 cows without pathology of the course of labor and the postpartum period, the second group included 16 cows with pathologies of the course of labor and the postpartum period. In the process of research, it was found that in 60.0 % of the cows the birth and the postpartum period passed without pathologies, and in 40.0 % of the birth and postpartum complications were revealed (retention of the placenta, acute postpartum endometritis, uterine subinvolution). A comparative analysis of the blood values of cows 25–30 days before birth the course of the labor process and postpartum period showed that in animals without pathology — compared to the animals with pathologies — the hematological parameters are considerably higher (hemoglobin content by 16.42 g/l, total protein by 10.96 g/l, albumin by 7.7 %, calcium by 0.98 mmol/l, glucose by 0.91 mmol, immunoglobin A by 59.77 mg/M), while the content of beta-globulins is lower by 8.51 % and that of enzyme AcT is lower by 25.94 units/l. A decrease in blood biochemical parameters contributes to the manifestation of the pathology of labor and the postpartum period. The data obtained can be used to develop an algorithm for the prevention of postpartum complications in highly productive cows.
Analysis of the cheese components’ influence on the dehydration process under reduced pressure
Authors: Ermolaev V. A. , Kechkin I. A. , Makhacheva E. V. , Romanenko A. I. , Tarakanova V. V.
Published: November 2020

This work is aimed at studying the influence of various components’ content on the process of vacuum dehydration. It was found that with an increase in the proportion of fat in dry matter from 10 to 20 %, the duration of disinfection increases by 4 %. The further grows of the fat proportion from 20 to 50 increases the process duration by 54 %. It was revealed, when cheeses, with the fat proportion equal from 10 to 50 %, a change their fat proportion by 1 %, the duration of dehydration decreases by 4.25 minutes, and the drying rate grows by 0.0065 %/min. It has been discovered that with an increase in the table salt concentration with the same mass fraction of cheese moisture 53–55 %, a decrease in the rate of dehydration is observed as well. In the period with a constant drying rate at a concentration of sodium chloride of 1 %, the drying speed is 0.98 %/min; 2 % – 0.8 %/min; 3 % – 0.72 %/min; 4 % – 0.54 %/min. The amount of water activity in cheeses was investigated. It was established that with an increase in the concentration of table salt from 1 to 4 %, the water activity of cheese before drying changes by 0.131; after drying – by 0.174.
Analytical aspects of effective stock-raising when applying high-protein fodder
Authors: Konkina Vera , Lukyanova Olga , Pravdina Elena , Kuvshinova Elena
Published: November 2020

The work provides a comprehensive analysis of efficient organization in the stock-raising industry when fed with high protein fodder. For that end, a dynamic analysis of volume and geographical indicators of soybean production, as well as ways to increase productivity, was initially conducted. The authors believe that biologically active preparations should be used for pre-treatment of seeds and foliar top dressing of plants. This will increase the yield by 2–3 dt/ha and the protein content by 3–4 %. The next step in the analytical procedures was conducting an experiment connected with introduction of soybean meal into the diet of young pigs. This will improve the physiological state of pigs and intensify their live weight gain.
Assessment of oilseed raw materials for industrial crops, taking into account the demand by vegetable oil producers
Authors: Lupova Е.I. , Novikova A.V. , Vinogradov D.V.
Published: November 2020

Developments in selection and emergence of new varieties and hybrids of oilseeds, which have a better ratio of the fatty acid composition of the oil, make is possible to promote such types of crops as camelina, colza, rapeseed and others. The paper presents an analysis of the quality of new and promising varieties and hybrids of oilseeds, which, according to their morphological and biological characteristics, are successfully cultivated in conditions of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia. It is confirmed that oil quality is due to genetic characteristics of the variety and hybrid. The quality of seeds of spring rapeseed Ratnik, Cyclus KL, Curry KL, Salsa KL, Cultus KL, Ozorno, Cebra and other studied varieties and hybrids of the 00 type are close to olive oil in their fatty acid composition and are not inferior to the quality of sunflower oil. There is a high content of important C18:1 oleic acid in oil of rapeseed (59-65 %), and a low content of the total of C16:0 palmitic + C18:0 stearic (5.5-6.0 %). The data on the high quality of camelina oil are presented, which allows the use of varieties Yubilyar and Veles for production of vegetable oil with a high content of unsaturated acids for food purposes. The work discusses the current restrictive norms for the supply of oilseeds and determining the standard weight for oil refining enterprises.
The ear development time and yield of soft winter wheat in the forest steppe of the Middle Volga Region
Authors: Zakharova Nadezhda , Zakharov Nikolai
Published: November 2020

The duration of the growing season is an important, adaptively significant indicator for any crop variety. In wheat breeding, a reliable criterion for determining the maturity group of a variety is the ear formation period. The purpose of the study was to determine the ear formation period of soft winter wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origins in the conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region, and also to determine its effect on yield. Among the studied varieties of wheat from the world collection, German varieties were characterized by late ripeness, wheat from China, Japan, Bulgaria and the North Caucasus region of Russia by early ripeness and mid-ripeness, - varieties from the Siberian region of the country by mid-ripeness. Ukrainian cultivars were represented by wheat of different maturity groups. It has been found in the studies that under varying environmental conditions in different years early ripening, mid-early, mid-ripening and mid-late wheat can be highly productive. A well selected system of ripening varieties of soft winter wheat (65–70 % mid-ripening, 25 % mid-early and early-ripening, 5–10 % mid-late) will make it possible to use favorable environmental factors with great efficiency and withstand environmental stresses.
Current trends in the development of the Russian agrarian economy in ensuring food security
Authors: Kirillova Olga V. , Sadreeva Alfiya F. , Markova Svetlana V. , Mukhametshina Farida A.
Published: November 2020

The situation in the Russian Federation in the spring of 2020 is quite serious and directly related to ensuring food security. Achieving the country’s food security always depends on the ability of the state to overcome threats and risks of various kinds. There is the situation that requires a rapid study of information, accumulation of available resources, the creation of the necessary reserves and the determination of current directions for the development of the agrarian economy in such emergency conditions. But in these conditions, Russia has faced many problems that need to be addressed in the short term. The need for state support for agriculture in this situation is clear and more necessary than ever. At the same time, we must consider its features determining the directions, forms and methods of state support. The article determines that for the development of the agrarian economy and ensuring food security of the country require sustainable development of agricultural production, raw materials and food, the implementation of policies to support the neediest segments of the population and poverty alleviation, the development of interregional integration, the development of transport and logistics infrastructure to support the regions, support for farms, the formation of the state reserve of agricultural products, raw materials and products nutrition, the creation of a network of distribution centres under the mechanism of domestic food assistance to the population, etc.
Morphological studies of honey bees in the northern wooded steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Sobirjonova Milyausha R. , Zemskova Natalia Ye. , Sattarov Vener N. , Mishchuk Roman V.
Published: November 2020

The article presents assessment results for the preservation of European dark honey bees in the northern wooded steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which is an integral structure in the honey beeApis mellifera melliferapopulation of northern Bashkortostan.Bee farms of 24 settlements in Askinskiy, Arkhangelskiy, Baltachevskiy, Karaidelskiy and Yanaulskiy districts show the persistence of taxonomically pure bees, which stands for 73 % of the samples. During the bee-breed identification, the most volatile parameters were determined (the length the rostrum, the length and width of the right hemelytron, the cubital index) that are greatly influenced by the hybridization processes. The presence of registered pure-breed bee colonies speaks of the biopotential of the European dark bee population in the farms of the given region, which will allow to create pedigree breeding units and pure breeding zones for native bees in the future.
Assessment of indoor environment to influence the production of gosling broilers when using sanitary litter
Authors: Fayzrakhmanov Ramil , Sofronov Vladimir , Danilova Nadezhda , Sofronov Pavel
Published: November 2020

The purpose of research and production experiment in the conditions of Akhmetov farm located in the Vysokogorsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan was to study a new sanitary litter material and the effect on the indoor environment, production, viability and feed input required to rear gosling broilers. The experiment found that the new sanitary litter material, made of thermochemically and biotechnologically processed woodworking waste, over the entire period of research was characterized by higher qualities compared to raw sawdust. Accordingly, in the end, the moisture of the said material was lower by 28.5 %, the total microbial count and numbers of microscopic fungi were less by 13.3 % and 19.9 %, respectively. The said litter material helped to improve the environment in the poultry house, which reduced harmful gases (carbon dioxide – 0.11 % and ammonia – 0.33 mg/m3), dust – 0.9 mg/m3 and microorganisms – 8.9 thousand bwt/m3. Ultimately, this contributed to a higher daily live weight gain by 7.51 % and livestock viability by 1.80 %, and, sequentially reduced feed input per 1 kg of live weight gain by 4.98 %, as compared with the control.
Integrated development of digital agribusiness platform to support import substitution of food products
Authors: Amirova Elmira , Kuznetsov Maxim , Khakimova Elena , Tolmacheva Aurelia
Published: November 2020

The paper outlines a framework for the deployment of a digital agrarian platform as an element constituting a unified economic system to promote digital development of Russia. The study aims to identify ways of integrated development of digital platform to increase the economic efficiency of agricultural producers and ensure the import substitution of food products in the country. The paper provides a rationale for digital transformation of agricultural production, integrated digital platform for the agrarian economy of Russia, digitalization processes both at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the country at large.
Archaea in the microbial community of the reindeer rumen in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Ilina Larisa , Filippova Valentina , Yildirim Elena , Layshev Kasim
Published: November 2020

Archaea is the least studied group of the reindeer rumen microbiocenosis. Although the functional load performed by this group of microorganisms in the rumen is large. Methane-forming archaea play a key role in the process of anaerobic decomposition of organic substances, the formation of methane. This study for the first time analyzed the composition of the archaeal part of the microbial community of the reindeer rumen using the T-RFLP method from various regions of the Russian Arctic. As a result, it was found that according to the estimates of the number of archaea by quantitative PCR in the reindeer rumen in the winter-spring period, on average, 108 genomes/g of archaea were observed in individuals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, and 109 genomes/in animals from the Nenets Autonomous District Archean. Thus, in the winter-spring period, a lower number of archaea in the rumen was observed in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. According to the results of the T-RFLP method, 44 to 134 phylotypes were detected in the archaeal community of the reindeer rumen, the Shannon index was 2.02–3.80. The lowest content (up to 11.10 %) of methanogenic archaea of the Methanomicrobia class (including the families Methanosarcinaceae and Methanocorpusculaceae) was revealed in the Nenets Autonomous District, while their presence in individuals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District reached 36.33 %. Interestingly, in adults of the Yamalo-Nenets and Nenets Autonomous Districts, a significant decrease in the representation of methanogenic archaea of the Methanomicrobia class was noted by 1.38 (P <0.05) and 2.70 times (P <0.01), respectively, compared with young individuals (up to 2 years).
Migration of heavy metals in the system “soil-plant-animal-livestock products”
Authors: Volkov Renat , Ezhkova Asiya
Published: November 2020

Our article presents the study of the content of highly hazardous and moderately hazardous chemical elements in soils, plants, beef and cow milk. Their average amount is shown. A safe level of the concentration of these chemical elements in the links of the chain “soil - plant - animal – meat and dairy products” of the Republic of Tatarstan is revealed. The coefficients of biological absorption of chemical elements in the links of the system are calculated. An increase in the coefficient of accumulation of Zn in plants and As in milk and meat was found. Further research for ranking territories according to the actual content of chemical elements in environmental objects is required.
Hepatoprotective effect of hypoxenum against exogenous toxicosis of white rats
Authors: Reznichenko Aleksei , Vodianitskaia Svetlana , Masalykina Iana , Manokhin Andrei
Published: November 2020

Any disturbances in the organism caused by infection, drug administration, vaccination, etc., are accompanied with disturbance of liver functions. Various xenobiotics entering animal organisms with food or water have the highest hepatotoxicity. Thus, an important trend in modern research is a search for substances increasing liver capacity against pathological activities, strengthening its detergent actions. The goal of this research was to study hepatoprotector properties of hypoxenum using the experimental acute toxic hepatitis model in white rats. The acute toxic hepatitis was caused by injecting the rats abdominally with tetrachloromethane in medical paraffin at a dose of 0.4 ml per 100 g of live weight once a day for 3 days. This resulted in disturbance of hepatocytes’ cytoplasmic membranes, accompanied with an increased rate of transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphotase, as well as an acute drop in glucose and total protein. Administration of hypoxenum stopped this pathological process. After the administration of the preparation, the animal’s body weight increased, activity of transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphotase returned to physiological norm, protein and glucose content increased, general physiological condition of the white rats improved. Thus, hypoxenum may be administered to animals as a hepatoprotector at a dose of 50.0 mg/kg of live weight.
Soldiers as farmers: army agriculture and food security in contemporary Nigeria
Authors: Gavrilova Nina G.
Published: November 2020

FAO estimates that most of Nigeria’s population is underserved; besides hunger, people experience effects of poor nutrition – diabetes, obesity, anaemia, etc. Formerly Nigeria was an agricultural country, but now its local production does not satisfy its own food demand. Farming is inefficient due to many factors, including conflicts between farmers and pastoralists, rooted in the very method of livestock breeding: pastoralists roam Nigeria all year round, while raising animals on ranches is barely practiced; as the population grows rapidly, agricultural plots begin to occupy traditional migration routes, and passing cattle destroy crops. Farmers take revenge by killing or stealing cattle. Consequently, Nigerians suffer from loss of livestock and crops and forced displacement. The government and the army established the Nigerian Army Farms and Ranches Limited (NAFARL), which enabled small-scale agricultural enterprises to organize on army lands. Thereby the army demonstrates advantages of non-nomadic livestock breeding and creates jobs. It is too early to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of NAFARL, as less than two years have passed since its inception. However, it may be argued that the army is capable of not only resolving conflicts, but also supporting the development of agriculture and achieving food security.
System of prevention of gynaecological diseases in high-productive cows under in a farm in the Udmurt Republic
Authors: Rudakov Roman , Khamitova Liliya , Metlyakova Anastasiya , Milaev Vyacheslav
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the work is to develop a system for the restoration of the genital organs of cows after calving. We studied the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for the incidence of genital diseases of cows. The studies were conducted based on a complex of cattle of Black Motley breed at the facilities of Rico-Agro LLC in the Uvinsky district, Udmurt Republic. The average milk yield per lactation is 6250 kg. Most animals are susceptible to ovarian disease. The incidence of ovaries hypofunction increases annually. In the study of cows on the 60th day after calving, it was found that the uterus was ready for insemination in 86% of cows. However, the condition of the ovaries allows insemination of only 50% of the cows. The remaining animals needed treatment. The most common pathology was ovarian hypofunction. This is more common in highly productive cows and cows with a low body mass index. Three regimens for treating ovaries have been tested. The most effective Scheme 2 included Surfagon and an emulsion from ASD-2 and Tetravit. In the Scheme 2 group, 6 out of 8 cows were first successfully inseminated. It was established that using Estrofan on the first day after calving, it is possible to reduce the number of persistent corpus luteum.
Development of histological detection methods of cottage cheese falsification
Authors: Reznichenko Liudmila , Nikolenko Elena , Noskov Sergei , Shcherbinin Roman
Published: November 2020

Information falsification of fermented milk products is a consumer fraud using inaccurate or distorted product information. The purpose of falsification is to obtain illegal profits by reducing the production cost as a result of the unauthorized replacement of qualitative biological value of raw materials with less valuable. Most modern methods of falsification, one way or another, are restricted to changes in technology, the use of cheap raw materials and the subsequent bringing of physicochemical indicators to the established requirements of regulatory documents. The production and realization of counterfeit products also contributes to unfair competition in the food market, as a result of which manufacturers of quality goods are at a disadvantage. The purpose of this paper is to develop methods for determining the cottage cheese falsification, in particular, the defining dairy raw materials the product is made of (natural milk or skimmed milk powder). The research result is that the histological method has been developed for the first time. The method is capable of determining the type of milk raw material in the cottage cheese production with high accuracy, and preventing information falsification of this product.
Justification of promising areas of development of agricultural organizations
Authors: Avkhadiev Fayaz , Asadullin Nail , Gainutdinov Ilgizar , Mikhailova Liliya
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the article topic is connected with the need to study the issues of increasing efficiency of agricultural enterprises at the regional level. The research goal is to develop proposals for improving the functioning of agricultural enterprises. The novelty of the research lies in the justification of proposals in order to improve the efficiency of agricultural organizations. The article presents results of the analysis of state indicators and development of the main agricultural branches in the Pre-Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. The research results can be used to justify promising areas for the development of agricultural organizations.
Separation of brewer pellets in a vibratory-centrifugal centrifuge
Authors: Nikolayev Vladislav , Akhmetvaliyev Marat , Gritsenko Alexandr , Shepelev Vladimir , Gimaltdinov Ildus
Published: November 2020

The article reflects the process of dehydration of brewer pellets, as one of the ways to solve the problem of their utilization in order to obtain a highly concentrated feed for farm animals, which is an urgent task. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the interrelation between the technological and physical properties of the brewer pellets during the separation of brewer pellets into dense and liquid fractions in a continuous vibratory-centrifugal centrifuge and its main design and operating parameters. As a result of the research with the analytical method, process and physical properties of brewer pellets are determined when they are interacting with the perforated rotor blades of a vibratory-centrifugal centrifuge. The equations for the yield of the liquid fraction of brewer pellets through the rectilinear and curvilinear rotor blades are obtained, indicating the interrelation between process and physical properties of brewer pellets, which are necessary for determining the rational basic parameters of the proposed vibratory-centrifugal centrifuge.
Incidence of non-specific tuberculin reactions in cattle in the Republic of Tatarstan in comparison with bovine tuberculosis epizootic situation
Authors: Kamalieva Yuliya , Mingaleev Danil , Ravilov Rustam , Zhanabayev Assylbek
Published: November 2020

This article presents the results of the analysis of the epizootic situation for bovine tuberculosis and indicators of the frequency of non-specific reactions of bovine to tuberculin in the Republic of Tatarstan in the period from 2010 to 2019. It was found that during the study period, the maximum number of primary tuberculosis-affected localities was registered in 2013, and since 2017, the territory of the Republic is still free of tuberculosis. On average, 2400 non-specific reactions are detected per year. There are also cartograms of the spread of tuberculosis and occurring of non-specific tuberculin reactions, which show that the main number of such reactions is registered geographically in the same zones where tuberculosisaffected localities are located.
Cattle barn bedding from recycled manure: some veterinary, technological and economic aspects of application
Authors: Uvarov Roman , Briukhanov Aleksandr , Semenov Boris , Nazarova Anna
Published: November 2020

Agriculture modernization is a topical issue for both the global and domestic economy. Intensification of livestock farming results in an increased production of manure. Recycling of manure into bedding is one of the modern utilization technologies. National regulations do not specify requirements for currently applied bedding types, including manure-based bedding. The foreign experience, however, demonstrates several economic, zootechnical and hygienic advantages of this material. The field veterinary study revealed the positive health effect of bedding. The cows housed without bedding featured threefold higher risk of surgical diseases of limbs. Technical and economic assessment of a dairy farm with 1000 dairy cows showed the following annual operating costs when the major part of manure was passively composted and a part of manure was recycled into the bedding by (1) aerobic solid-state fermentation in a chamber fermenter and finish drying in a dryer drum – 24.2 million roubles; (2) aerobic solid-state fermentation in a drum fermenter – 21.7 million roubles; and (3) thermal drying in a dryer drum – 27.5 million roubles. At the same time, if all manure produced was composted and the bedding was purchased from external sources, the costs would be 27.9 to 35.2 million roubles depending on the bedding material.
Beet production efficiency and ways to increase it in case of negative market conditions in the commodity market
Authors: Gainutdinov Ilgizar , Mikhailova Liliya , Avkhadiev Fayaz , Asadullin Nail
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the topic of the article is related to the need to develop agricultural markets at the regional level in order to increase the export potential of agricultural products. The purpose of the article is to find out the reasons for the decrease in the market price for sugar beet processed products, in particular white sugar, as well as to develop recommendations for optimizing the production and sale of sugar beet. The novelty of the study is to identify trends in the development of the market for raw materials for sugar production from sugar beets at the regional level and justification of the necessary priority measures to increase economic efficiency in the beet industry. The article presents the results of an analysis of the level of development of the commodity market for sugar producers. Priority directions for increasing production volumes and increasing the efficiency of sugar beet production as the main raw material for the production of white sugar and granulated sugar have been identified; recommendations have been given on ensuring sustainable growth in income from the sale of sugar beet root crops. The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of their use in the development of programs for the development of regional food markets, organizational, economic, technological measures to improve the efficiency of beet production in individual municipal areas to achieve high target indicators.
The use of bird droppings, mineral and organomineral fertilizers in solving the issue of increasing productivity of agricultural lands of the Trans-Urals
Authors: Plotnikov Aleksey , Sinyavskiy Igor
Published: November 2020

Studies conducted to study the effect of the use of combinations of bird droppings and mineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers on the yield of grain crops in a crop rotation showed that this technique can significantly increase the productivity of arable land. On average, over three years of research, the increase in the use of mineral fertilizers and bird droppings was 45.3–46.6 % higher than in the variant without fertilizers. The use of organic mineral fertilizers obtained on the basis of bird droppings with mineral enrichment highly effective intake, grain productivity of spring wheat and oats even in adverse weather conditions exceeded the control options by 44–47 %. Conducted comparative analysis of the options with mineral fertilizers and organomineral fertilizers showed that the latter are not inferior in direct effect, and in some cases even superior to the mineral counterpart. Comparative production tests have confirmed the significant economic efficiency of using complex organomineral fertilizers compared to its industrial mineral counterpart.
GIS-technology and data of earth remote sensing to identify and predict ravine erosion development
Authors: Sabirzyanov Almaz , Panasyuk Mikhail , Trofimov Nikolai , Sochneva Svetlana
Published: November 2020

This article discusses the study of the process of ravine erosion using geoinformation technologies and Earth remote sensing data. Ravine erosion, which develops on the territory of the Verkhneuslonsky municipal region of the Republic of Tatarstan, is considered as a multifactorial process. The possibility of using freely available data to study the factors affecting ravine erosion is evaluated. It is shown that in modern conditions of increased anthropogenic environmental impact, especially in areas heavily divided by ravines, the use of GIS technology is sufficient in order to monitor and quickly respond to negative erosion processes occurring on agricultural lands.
Development of integration processes in the agricultural sector
Authors: Mukhametgaliev Farit , Sitdikova Landysh , Mukhametgalieva Farida , Battalova Alina
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the issue is due to the need to improve the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex by uniting enterprises engaging in production, processing and sale of agricultural products. The aim is to develop recommendations on integration processes in the agricultural sector in order to improve the efficiency of the agricultural sector. The article discusses the objective nature of integration processes in modern agribusiness, identifies assumptions for creating integrated enterprises, such as unstable financial situations, worn-out material and technical resources, irrational organization of production, a low level of management and labor economics. The article describes a positive example of integrated formations in the Republic of Tatarstan, positive results of the activities of agro-industrial formations, which include the use of abandoned land and agricultural facilities, modernization of production using new equipment and technologies, increasing the attractiveness of agricultural labor, employment rate and incomes of the rural population, reduction of transaction costs in the agro-industrial chain, development of the agro-holding model as an effective interaction of enterprises of different agricultural sectors.
Development of the agricultural sector in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Asadullin Nail , Avkhadiev Fayaz , Gainutdinov Ilgizar , Mikhailova Liliya
Published: November 2020

The article describes the current level of agricultural development in the Republic of Tatarstan. The current state of agriculture is determined, the description of the agricultural park of the Republic of Tatarstan and Russia is presented, performance indicators of agricultural enterprises and directions for further development of the agricultural sector are analyzed.
Advanced engines for non-conventional kinematic chains in agriculture
Authors: Khaliullin F. Kh. , Khafizov K. A. , Usenkov R. A. , Latypov R. A.
Published: November 2020

To intensify agricultural production in the market environment, it is necessary to reconstruct the whole economic mechanism considering energy efficiency. This calls for the search of new ideas for alternative designs and engine types that can raise the performance of heat engines to a new level while keeping their use in vehicles, machinery, and small energy facilities feasible. One of the options is the displaced shaft rotary engine. This article analyses the kinematic and dynamic metrics of the engines of this type and presents the calculations of these metrics for the prototype. Key advantages and disadvantages of this type of engine in terms of working process dynamics are set out. It is also compared to the reciprocal internal combustion engine of the same structural dimensions.
Vegetation restoration and organic matter accumulation on former agricultural lands in the boreal zone of Russia
Authors: Navalikhin S.V. , Danilov D.A. , Vaiman A.A. , Galstyan N.V.
Published: November 2020

This work investigates the influence of vegetation succession processes on the soil changes of former arable lands. It was noted that on post-agricultural soils, accumulation of organic matter in the soil differs, depending on the state of the land plot. The analysis shows that influence of vegetation on the accumulation of organic matter in the former arable horizon has a distinctly linear nature. The dominant species are mesotrophic and mesophyte plants, requiring little more than soils with mineral nutrients and sufficient humidity. The amount of organic matter accumulated in the upper horizon of the soil is greater than that of the underlying horizon. The content of organic matter in the soil horizons of the studied area is characterized by a distinct decreasing pattern in the direction from the forest edge to the field edge. Overall, it can be noted that farther away from the forest edge, the soils change from moderately acidic to slightly acidic. At this stage, depending on the succession state of the post-agricultural soil plot, the amount of organic matter in it is determined either by the species forming the soil cover and (or), to a greater extent, by tree and shrub vegetation. The optimum of the organic matter accumulation shifts to the zone with a large share of tree species.