bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologia das infeções fúngicas superficiais em Portugal - revisão de 3 anos (2014-2016)
Authors: Rato Margarida , Costin Adelina , Furtado Constança , Sousa Cristina , Toscano Cristina , Veríssimo Cristina , Trindade Felicidade , Tavares Almeida Filipa , Da Cunha Velho Glória , Catorze Goreti , Raposo Inês , Selada Joana , A Ferreira João , Batista Judite , Santos Luis , Sereijo Manuel , Silva Manuela , Apetato Margarida , Sanches Maria , Costa-Silva Miguel , L Filipe Paulo , Santos Paulo , D. Fonseca Pedro , Mascarenhas Rosa , Bajanca Rui , Lopes Virginia , Lewis Viviana , Duarte Maria da Luz , Galhardas Célia , Anes Margarida
Published: October 2018

Introdução: As infeções fúngicas superficiais são as dermatoses infeciosas mais frequentes e a sua incidência continua a aumentar. Os dermatófitos são os principais agentes causais apresentando, contudo, uma distribuição geográfica variável.Material e Métodos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo a caracterização epidemiológica das infeções fúngicas superficiais diagnosticadas nos Serviços/Unidades de Dermatologia pertencentes ao Serviço Nacional de Saúde Português entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro 2016 através da análise retrospetiva dos resultados das culturas realizadas durante esse período.Resultados: Foram estudados 2375 isolamentos, pertencentes a 2319 doentes. O dermatófito mais frequentemente isolado foi o Trichophyton rubrum (53,6%), tendo sido o principal agente causal da tinha da pele glabra (52,4%) e das onicomicoses (51,1%). Relativamente às tinhas do couro cabeludo, globalmente o Microsporum audouinii foi o agente mais prevalente (42,6%), seguido do Trichophyton soudanense (22,1%). Enquanto na área metropolitana de Lisboa estes dermatófitos foram os principais agentes de tinha do couro cabeludo, nas regiões Norte e Centro o agente mais frequente foi o Microsporum canis (58,5%). Os fungos leveduriformes foram os principais responsáveis pelas onicomicoses das mãos (76,7%).Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo estão globalmente concordantes com a literatura científica. O Trichophyton rubrum apresenta-se como o dermatófito mais frequentemente isolado em cultura. Na tinha do couro cabeludo, na área metropolitana de Lisboa, as espécies antropofílicas de importação assumem particular destaque.
The Correlations Between Studentâ€™s HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Their Attitude toward PLWHA
Authors: Widayanti Linda Prasetyaning , Hidayati Sri , Lusiana Nova , Ratodi Muhamad
Published: October 2018

HIV/AIDS has become a burden for health in with it sufferers has reached 39 million worldwide. Around 620 thousand PLWHA has been identified all over Indonesia, with Surabaya has been listed among the top five cities with the highest number of HIV / AIDS cases in Indonesia.  This study was to determine the correlations between the HIV / AIDS knowledge with the Surabaya college studentâ€™s attitude towards PLWHA. This study was observational analytic research with cross-sectional approach. A proportional sampling chose as the research sampling technique, with 250 college students became the respondents. Data were collected from the results of filling out the online questionnaire. A Contingency Phi was used to perform a statistical test. The results indicated only 41.6% of respondents had a good knowledge level about HIV/AIDS,  while 77% of the students have already shown a positive attitude towards PLWHA. Furthermore, it is known that there was a relationship between students' knowledge regarding HIV / AIDS and their attitude towards PLWHA with a p-value of 0,000. From these results, it is expected that there will be an HIV/AIDS socialization for college students to increase a more comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and PLWHA.
Microfluidic devices on glass for liquid mixtures concentration with coupled Thz sensor
Authors: Moraes da Silva Junior Salomao , Stiens Johan , Moshkalev Stanislav , Willibrordus Swart Jacobus , Lacerda de Orio Roberto , Matvejev Vladimir , Zhang Yuchen , Vandermeiren Werner , De Tandt Cathleen
Published: October 2018

This paper reports on the performance of a sub-THz liquid sensor tool coupled to a microfluidic platform. Non-invasive, non-destructive and on-line measurements are demonstrated for the determination of ethanol concentration and for controlling via micromixer device. We have developed a label-free chemical sensing methodology coupling a sub-terahertz sensor technology in microfluidic devices fabricated on glass and polydimethylsiloxane. The concept of sensor in micromixer applications operating at 60 GHz for known ethanol concentration ranging 0% to 100%, with a corresponding dynamic range of 2.79dB. The sensor allowed establishing the correlation between the mass flow rate and the ethanol concentration in the microfluidic system, where two-stream lines form the mixture in laminar flows, with Reynolds number < 13.54 and Peclet number > 25700. We demonstrated on-line sensing and linear control of ethanol concentration on demand with a small variation of 0.32% (v/v) between measured and required ethanol concentration.
A High-Efficiency CMOS Rectifier for RF Using Bulk Biasing Control Circuit
Authors: Moraes Junior Tarcisio Oliveira , Freire Raimundo Carlos Silvério , Souza Cleonilson Protásio de
Published: October 2018

In MOSFET-transistor based rectifier circuits, leakage currents occur through both source-bulk and drain-bulk connections of their transistors causing some power dissipation decreasing their efficiency. Such a scenario is more worrying in ultra-low power circuits as those used in energy harvesting. As a solution, in this work it is proposed a control circuit of transistor bulk biasing that switches the bulk bias in an efficient way assuring adequate inversion of the source-bulk and drain-bulk junctions. The rectifier based on the proposed bulk biasing control circuit shows to be a high-efficiency one capable of reducing the leakage currents. To obtain experimental results, the circuit was fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS process and tested on a micromanipulator. The results were compared with other works where it is observed that the efficiency of our proposal reaches up to 72.5% or 5% higher that the best previous one.
Calculation of Stopping Power and Range of Nitrogen Ions with the Skin Tissue in the Energies of (1-1000) MeV
Authors: Yaqoob Saad Nafea , Saied Bashair Mohammed
Published: October 2018

The use of heavy ions in the treatment of cancer tumors allows for accurate radiation of the tumor with minimal collateral damage that may affect the healthy tissue surrounding the infected tissue. For this purpose, the stopping power and the range to which these particles achieved of  Nitrogen (N) in the skin tissue  were calculated by programs SRIM (The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter),(SRIM Dictionary) [1],(CaSP)(Convolution  approximation for Swift Particles )[2]which are famous programs to calculate stopping power of material and Bethe formula , in the energy range (1 - 1000) MeV .Then  the semi - empirical formulas to calculate the stopping power and range of Nitrogen ions in the skin tissue were founded from fitting for average the values which calculated by using these programs using (MATLAB2016) program,the maximum value of energy for Nitrogen ions can lose along its path in skin tissue is founded and the  range correspond to this value, the maximum range for Nitrogen ions can be reached in the skin tissue is founded too .The importance of the research is to know the data of thes particles and their use in treatment without causing a bad effect on the patient.
Recognition of Off-line Printed Arabic Text Using Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Sabih Shaker Atheel
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we introduce a method to identify the text printed in Arabic, since the recognition of the printed text is very important in the applications of information technology, the Arabic language is among a group of languages with related characters such as the language of Urdu , Kurdish language , Persian language also the old Turkish language " Ottoman ", it is difficult to identify the related letter because it is in several cases, such as the beginning of the word has a shape and center of the word has a shape and the last word also has a form, either texts in languages where the characters are not connected, then the image of the letter one in any location in the word has been Adoption of programs ready for him A long time. In this paper we present an off-line system to recognize printed Arabic text by using Hidden Markov Model with the aid  of algorithm  that segment the text line into sections and then into characters.
New Transform Fundamental Properties and Its Applications
Authors: K. Jabber Alaa , Naji Mohammed Tawfiq Luma
Published: October 2018

In this paper, new transform with fundamental properties are presented. The new transform has many interesting properties and applications which make it rival to other transforms.

Furthermore, we generalize all existing differentiation, integration, and convolution theorems in the existing literature. New results and new shifting theorems are introduced. Finally, comprehensive list of this transforms of functions will be providing.
W-Closed Submodule and Related Concepts
Authors: K. Mohammad Ali Haibat , E. Dahsh Mohammad
Published: October 2018

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and M be a left untial module. In this paper we introduce and study the concept w-closed submodules, that is stronger form of the concept of closed submodules, where asubmodule K of a module M is called w-closed in M, "if it has no proper weak essential extension in M", that is if there exists a submodule L of M with K is weak essential submodule of L then K=L. Some basic properties, examples of w-closed submodules are investigated, and some relationships between w-closed submodules and other related modules are studied. Furthermore, modules with chain condition on w-closed submodules are studied.
Pengaruh Central Pacific dan eastern Pacific El Nino terhadap variabilitas curah hujan di Sulawesi
Authors: Prasetyo Budi , Pusparini Nikita
Published: October 2018

Pulau Sulawesi dipengaruhi oleh fenomena Central Pacific (CP) dan Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño. Curah hujan Sulawesi mencakup ketiga pola hujan yang ada di Indonesia yaitu Monsunal, equatorial, dan lokal. Variabilitas ketiga pola curah hujan tersebut akan memberikan respon yang berbeda terhadap pengaruh dari kedua tipe El Niño tersebut. Maka, Kajian ini akan membahas pengaruh dari kedua tipe El Niño  terhadap curah hujan Sulawesi. Penelitian ini Menggunakan data curah hujan bulanan berasal dari Climate Prediction Center (CPC) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) bulanan dari System Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) versi 2.2.4 dan oceanic Niño Indeks (ONI) dengan periode  Januari 1950 hingga Desember 2010 (60 tahun). Perhitungan statistik sederhana berupa perata-rataan, korelasi, dan analisa komposit digunakan dalam kajian ini. Penentuan tipe El Niño menggunakan tiga buah indeks yang berbeda. Hasilnya diperoleh bahwa Curah hujan Sulawesi berkurang saat kedua tipe El Niño. Penurunan curah hujan akibat EP El Niño berkisar antara 5 – 20 mm sedangkan akibat CP El Niño berkisar antara 2-12 mm. Wilayah Sulawesi dengan pola curah hujan monsunal merupakan wilayah yang mengalami penurunan curah hujan terbesar akibat kedua tipe El Niño tersebut, kemudian diikuti dengan pola curah hujan equatorial dan terakhir Lokal.
RX-320 Rocket Static Pressure Combustion Chamber Prediction and Validation by Using Invers Method
Authors: Sofyan Sofyan , Wuwung Vicky
Published: October 2018

The static pressure data of the combustion chamber which can generally be obtained by performing direct measurements when static test is performed on the rocket is an important parameter in predicting the thrust and design of the combustion chamber of the rocket. However, there is a model rocket for flight test that is used in static test. Thus, there is no mounting for static pressure sensors (for measurement) are made. To solve the problem, then the inverse method is used as an iterative solution for the basic equations of the rocket thrust force in the nozzle by guessing the value of the static pressure of the combustion chamber firstly and calculate the iteration by including the value of the rocket thrust from static test data and the efficiency variation of the nozzle. The results of this calculation are then validated by using a 3D-CFD numerical simulation to obtain a more detailed comparison on the nozzle. In this research RX 320 LAPAN rocket nozzle with focus on maximum static thrust data of static test results is used. The 3-D numerical simulation is performed using Numeca CFD software, with k-extended wall extended turbulent model, numerical multigrid level 3 scheme, center based, and convergence criteria of 10 e-05. The result of calculation by inverse method and its comparison with numerical simulation shows that the smallest difference of the combustion chamber static pressure between inverse method and numerical simulation is 0.017%, that is achieved at 92% nozzle efficiency. At this point, the static pressure of the combustion chamber is 57.94 bar. From this point of view, the results of this comparison indicate that the inverse method can be used accurately for static pressure of the combustion chamber prediction, if the nozzle efficiency is given correctly. Furthermore, with given static pressure of the combustion chamber correctly, it will be very helpful in the design of the more optimum combustion chamber.
ANALISIS KINERJA ENJIN ROKET CAIR ECX1000H2-3
Authors: Hakim Arif Nur
Published: October 2018

Enjin roket cair ECX1000H2-3 telah dikembangkan dengan mengadopsi  injektor konfigurasi baru untuk meningkatkan gaya dorong yang telah dicapai enjin sebelumnya.  Injektor baru mempunyai jumlah lubang fuel dan oksidator masing-masing sebanyak 54 dan 156 dengan diameter sebesar 1 mm. Bentuk elemen injektor telah dimodifikasi untuk meningkatkan debit propelan.  Uji static telah dilakukan untuk menguji kinerja sistem enjin secara keseluruhan.  Hasil pengujian mencatat gaya dorong dan tekanan rata-rata sebesar 730 kgf dan 22,6 bar atau meningkat 19,7% dari hasil enjin sebelumnya, namun masih 84 % lebih rendah dari prediksi berdasarkan hasil uji injector dikarenakan kinerja sistem pengumpan yang tidak optimal.  Selain itu,  terjadi ledakan kecil saat penyalaan karena akumulasi propelan yang tidak terbakar akibat terbatasnya area kontak api penyalaan dengan propelan.
Analisis Misalignment Citra Multispektral Terhadap Citra Pankromatik Pada Data Worldview-2
Authors: Brahmantara Randy Prima , Kustiyo Kustiyo
Published: October 2018

The standard data of Worldview-2 owned by LAPAN is Ortho-Ready Standard level 2 (OR2A) data consisting of 4 multispectral bands (blue, green, red, NIR) and one panchromatic band each 2 m and 0,5 m spatial resolution. Both images have different metadata and RPC, making it possible to perform geometric corrections separately. This paper discusses the analysis of the inaccuracies of multispectral image positions to panchromatic images compared to those that have been systematically geometric corrected. The method used is fast fourier transform phase matching by taking 500 binding points between the two images. The measurement results prove that the multispectral image of the Worldview-2 data of the OR2A level has a larger shift compared with multispectral image that has been systematically geometric corrected. The multispectral image of the OR2A data shifts are 2,14 m on the X-axis and 0,42 m on the Y-axis. While the multispectral image that has been systematically geometric corrected shifts are 1,72 m on the X-axis and 0,54 m on the Y-axis.ABSTRAKData standar Worldview-2 yang dimiliki oleh LAPAN merupakan data Ortho-Ready Standard level 2 (OR2A) yang terdiri dari 4 kanal multispektral (biru, hijau, merah, NIR) dan satu kanal pankromatik masing-masing memiliki resolusi spasial 2 meter dan 0,5 meter. Kedua kanal tersebut memiliki metadata dan RPC yang berbeda, sehingga memungkinkan untuk melakukan koreksi geometrik secara terpisah. Tulisan ini membahas tentang analisis misalignment citra multispektral terhadap citra pankromatik dibandingkan dengan yang telah terkoreksi geometrik sistematik. Metode yang digunakan adalah fast fourier transform phase matching dengan mengambil 500 titik ikat antara kedua citra tersebut. Hasil pengukuran membuktikan bahwa citra multispektral data Worldview-2 level OR2A memiliki pergeseran yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan citra multispektral yang terkoreksi geometrik sistematik. Citra multispektral data OR2A bergeser 2,14 meter pada sumbu X dan 0,42 meter pada sumbu Y. Sedangkan citra multispektral data terkoreksi geometrik sistematik bergeser 1,72 meter pada sumbu X dan 0,54 meter pada sumbu Y.
Venetians and Ottomans in the Early Modern Age
Authors: Valerio Anna
Published: October 2018

The present volume, a collection of papers focusing on Venice and those former Venetian colonies which passed to the Ottoman Empire during the early Modern age, retraces the relationship between Venetians and Ottomans in terms of their economic and social history from the end of the XV to the XVIII century showing the permeability of the ruling forces of these two great empires within a continuous and changing stream.
The last Venetian-Byzantine Trade Agreement and Mehmed II’s First Peace Agreement with Venice
Authors: Vanev Iassen
Published: October 2018

The goal of this article is to compare two inter-state commercial charters as the title suggests, a chrysobull by the Byzantine emperor John VIII and a document signed by Mehmed the Conqueror. The Ottoman Empire at that time was expanding at the expense of the Venetian thalassocracy, and particularly Byzantium. Venice, in its turn, was deriving more trade privileges from the dying Byzantine Empire. The emphasis in the article will be put on the similarities between the documents proving the continuity in the various spheres of international politics in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period.
Festivities of Curfew
Authors: Ocakaçan Levent Kaya
Published: October 2018

The Ottoman Empire was a dynastic state, as were its counterparts in Europe and Asia in the early modern period. In order to explain the characteristics of this dynastic governance model, it is essential to focus on how the Ottoman ‘state’ mechanism functioned. One of the prominent aspects of the dynastic state was the integration of politics in household units (For the Ottoman household system Cf.: Gürkan 2015; Kunt 1974; 1975; 1978; 1983; 1995; 2007; 2011; 2012). Direct or indirect connection of people to these households was the main condition of legitimacy. Thus, the redistribution and succession strategies had a centralized importance in dynastic states. Since being a member of the dynasty was a given category, the state could be reduced to the house of the dynasty at the micro levels. This house transcended those living in it, and in order to sustain the continuity of the house, there was a need to create a ritual showing ‘the loyalty to the dynastic household’. This loyalty was the dominant factor in ensuring the continuity of the house, in other words, the ‘state’, and therefore, the succession strategies in dynastic states had a key importance.
Pengaruh Online Trading Terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah PT Sucorinvest Central Gani Cabang Kediri
Authors: Murdiyanto Edi
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan nasabah PT. Sucorinvest Central Gani Cabang Kediri, dengan adanya aplikasi Online Trading. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua nasabah PT. Sucorinvest Central Gani cabang kediri, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling sehingga di temukan sampel 103 nasabah yang memenuhi kriteria. Teknik analisa menggunakan regrisi linier berganda, hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh kepuasan nasabah dengan adanya fasilitas online trading. Hasil lainnya di temukan bahwa beberapa bagian dari bauran pemasaran jasa meliputi harga berupa fee transaksi, lokasi kantor, pegawai, bukti fisik berupa laporan transaksi, dan proses pelayanan  juga berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan nasabah. Sebaliknya, hasil penelitian ini tidak dapat membuktikan variabel produk pasar modal memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan.
Principles of Nucleophilic Substitution
Authors: Ameri Dr. Aliakbar Muhamdi
Published: October 2018

The work reported in this theoretical paper deals with types of substitution reaction ( sn1 , sn2 , conditions of both reactions , methods of both reactions , diagram of reactions , energy for reactions, types of reactants , products, rate of reactions , steps of reactions, transition state for reaction) and other reactions.
Survey for Transition of Normal Reaction
Authors: Rahimi Hassan Akbari
Published: October 2018

Transition of reaction is a short-lived unstable molecule in a reaction which is formed in between the reaction when reactants change into products. Whereas, transition state is just the state before formation of new molecule (involves breaking of bonds of reactants and formation of new ones) Transition of reaction differs from a transition state in that the intermediate has a discrete lifetime (be it a few nanoseconds or many days), whereas a transition state lasts for just one bond vibration cycle. Intermediates may be unstable molecules (in which case they are called reactive intermediates) or highly stable molecules. The difference between them can be better described through the energy profile diagram.
ESTETIKA RESEPSI BAHASA SASAK PARA PEMBAYUN DALAM UPACARA ADAT SORONG SERAH MASYARAKAT SASAK DI PULAU LOMBOK
Authors: Rosana Nana , Mahyuni Mahyuni , Burhanudin Burhanudin
Published: October 2018

The research was inspired by the beauty of the language used by the speaker called pembayun in the traditional sorong serah ceremony, the bridal application of Sasak people in Lombok. The tradition does happen however, young generations would have neglected the meaning denoted in the languages of the ceremony that contains high values of culture, wisdom and religiously. This study used content analysis and ethnography. Data were collected using observation, interview, documentation, and records. Informants that were the native speakers of Sasak and Sumbawa and have the authority on the traditional ceremony were selected. The results show: (1) aesthetically, the form of language used in the reception is the highest form in the Sasak language, which not all Sasak people are able to understand and use; (2) the aesthetic function of the reception of the swinging language in the sorong serah event is a means to convey the message, religion, custom and morals; and (3) the aesthetic value contained in the pembayun language refer to very high moral values and needs to be known by the public at large.
Changes in the quality of life of patients with stable ischemic heart disease and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction after coronary artery bypass grafting or stenting at 6-month follow-up
Authors: Yu. A. Borkhalenko  , O. J. Zharinov  , K. O. Mikhaliev  , O. A. Yepanchintseva  , B. M. Todurov
Published: October 2018

The aim — to compare the changes of the values of quality of life (QoL) in patients with stable coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) within 6 months after revascularization interventions (coronary artery bypass grafting — CABG, or percutaneous coronary intervention — PCI) and to identify the factors that may affect QoL changes.Materials and methods. A single­center prospective study included data from a clinical, instrumental and laboratory examination of 115 patients (91 (79.1 %) men and 24 (20.9 %) women aged 32 to 92 years (mean age — 63 ± 10) with CAD and preserved LV systolic function (LVEF ≥ 45 %) consecutively selected for CABG (n = 71) or coronary stenting (n = 44). QoL was assessed by MLHFQ, SAQ and SF­36 questionnaires before and 6 months after myocardial revascularization. Also, changes in the distance of 6­minute walking test, Doppler echocardiographic indices of the LV diastolic function and the level of the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were analyzed.Results and discussion. After 6 months of follow­up in the study groups, the levels of QoL according to MLHFQ, SF­36 and SAQ scores significantly improved, compared to the baseline data (p < 0.001). In both groups there was a decrease of the functional class of angina by the Canadian classification (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the manifestation of stable angina pectoris in the compared groups after 6 months (p = 0.237). Improvement of QoL was associated with decrease of the BNP level from baseline 108.8 (50.1 — 185.4) to 32.3 (12.6 — 57.8) pg/ml in the stenting group (p = 0.002) and from 115.4 (62.0 — 150.6) to 52.4 (20.4 — 95.9) pg/ml in the CABG group (p < 0.001). The distance of the 6­minute walk test in the stenting group increased from 223 (148 — 328) m to 550 (400 — 600) m; in the CABG group this distance was, respectively, 260 (195 — 300) and 550 (415 — 600) m.Conclusions. Thus, in patients with stable ischemic coronary disease and preserved LV systolic function after coronary artery stenting or CABG, a significant improvement of QoL values was observed, compared to the baseline data. Favorable changes in QoL may be due to a decrease of angina pectoris, improvement of the Doppler echocardiographic parameters of LV diastolic function and functional status of the patients. The above­mentioned changes were associated with decrease of the BNP level.
The use of pH to determine the depth of dermal burns and treatment choice
Authors: O. M. Kovalenko  , A. O. Kovalenko
Published: October 2018

The aim — to increase the effectiveness of treatment in patients with dermal burns by applying pH meters to determine the depth of dermal burns and the choice treatment.Materials and methods. The results of examination and treatment of 170 patients with dermal burns with the 5 — 40 % TBSA have been analyzed. During the first, second and third day, a series of pH meters were performed: pH meter on the unharmed skin of the homologous segment, pH meter on different sites of the wound, around the wound. The pH of the wound was measured by a pH meter with a flat electrode for the skin. Clinical, biochemical, statistical methods of study were carried out. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the tested method has been proved.Results and discussion. A series of pH meters were used as the basis for calculating the constant pH for each degree of burn. The values of burn depth parameters were compared with the histopathological assessment and the clinical outcome at patient discharge. The average pH after the first day for epidermal burns, which healed for 7 — 10 days, was 7.6 ± 0.1 units, for dermal superficial burns healed within 3 weeks — 8.3 ± 0.2 units and for deep dermal burns that did not heal on their own during the study period — 8.9 ± 0.3 units. The pH difference in more than 3 units was detected in 80 patients from the main group with dermal burn, pain was absent in these areas of wounds in the pain test, deep necrosis was determined visually, indicating the presence of deep dermis burns among these patients. All patients underwent early excision of necrotic tissues with plastic wounds. 20 % of the comparison group lacked the objective diagnostics at the early stage leading to delay in surgical intervention, which in turn caused a prolonged duration of a hospital stay. The high sensitivity of the pH test was determined 24 hours after the injury. Probability of the diagnosing the depth of a burn wound 24 hours after the injury by the pH metric test was equal to 84 %. Specificity of the test — 95 %.Conclusions. The contact pH metric for wounds in patients with dermal burns is an objective method to determine the depth of thermal damage in the early stages after the injury as well as predict the course of the wound process. The difference in the pH of the homologous segments one day after the injury (D pH) equal to 2 units is a clear indication for the presence of superficial dermal burns. The pH difference D pH іn 4 units demonstrates the presence of deep dermal burns and is an indication for early surgical treatment.
Endovenous electric welding in the comprehensive surgical treatment of acute ascending thrombophlebitis of great saphenous vein. First experience
Authors: S. I. Savolyuk  , V. A. Khodos  , R. A. Gerashchenko  , V. S. Gorbovets
Published: October 2018

The aim — to study the possibilities of endovenous electric welding during the comprehensive surgical treatment of acute ascending thrombophlebitis (AAT) of great saphenous vein (GSV).Materials and methods. The treatment results in the period from 2015 to 2017 are analysed. 22 patients with AAT GSV at the age from 25 to 69 years (mean age — 49.36 ± 2.75 years). There were 5 men (22.73 %), women — 17 (77.27 %). According to the international classification of the CEAP (Clinical Etiological Anatomical Pathophysiological) class C2 was diagnosed in 4 patients, class C3 — in 9, class C4 — in 3, class C5 — in 5, class C6 — in 1. AAT GSV care was carried out with the endovenous electric welding of thrombosed vein segment. As a source of current, a multifunctional device for electric welding of live tissues EK300M («Svarmed», Ukraine) was used. Treatment results clinical evaluation was carried out considering the signs of thrombophlebitis recurrence, inflammatory infiltrate reduction in the welded vein area, pain syndrome reduction or disappearance, chronic venous insufficiency symptoms. The stability of the occlusion was monitored by ultrasound duplex angioscanning.Results and discussion. Patients with AAT GSV treated with endovenous electric welding were discharged from the hospital on the 4th — 7th day (on average — 4.86 ± 0.23 day) after the operation. In the near future, recurrence of thrombophlebitis was not fixed. In 19 (86.36 %) patients at the time of discharge from the hospital, inflammatory infiltrate along the welded vein significantly decreased, in 3 (13.64 %) — the pain syndrome managed to be completely decreased. In all operated, according to ultrasound duplex angioscanning, there was a stable occlusion of the welded veins. At 6 — 12 months in 19 (86.36 %) patients, ultrasonic duplex angioscanning revealed fibrous degeneration of welded GSV, in 3 (13.64 %) — recanalization of GSV.Conclusions. Endovenous electric welding of thrombosed GSV in 86.36 % of cases provided complete occlusion, fibrous transformation of the welded vein, reduced trauma and improved cosmetic result of the operation.
Experience with pentotren in patients with obliterating peripheral arteries diseases
Authors: P. I. Nikulnikov  , A. V. Ratushnyuk
Published: October 2018

The aim — to improve the treatment results of patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities.Materials and methods. The examination and treatment results of 50 patients aged 45 to 80 years with stable intermittent claudication (Fontaine 2) without exacerbations during the last 6 months, confirmed by ultrasonic duplex scanning data, computed tomography with angiography or arteriography, were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients of the main group (n = 30) received treatment with Pentotren (Darnitsa, soluble form of pentoxifylline 0.5 mg/ml, 200 ml in a vial) 3 vials twice a day, infusion rate 100 mg/h. The program of physical activity was recommended. Patients of the control group (n = 20) were treated with 600 ml of physiological solution twice a day with maximum physical activity. Duration of treatment was 14 days.Results and discussion. The use of the ready­made infusion form of pentoxifylline in a daily dose of 600 mg in combination with physical exercises under the physician supervision and risk factors correction allowed to increase the painless walking distance by 71.8 % and the maximum walking distance by 78.3 %, which improved quality of patients’ life.Conclusions. The data obtained make it possible to recommend the pentoxifylline medication in the complex treatment of occlusive atherosclerotic diseases of peripheral arteries.
Comparative assessment of methods for determining the volume of the breast
Authors: V. G. Mishalov  , M. I. Slyusaryev  , L. Yu. Markulan  , O. A. Kryzhanovskiy
Published: October 2018

The aim — to develop a method for the breast volume determining and to compare its accuracy with the standard method (Kuklin).Materials and methods. The study included 70 women aged 29 to 58 years, an average of 42.31 ± 0.97 years, subject to surgical treatment (mastectomy) for malignant breast cancer, not exceeding 3 cm in diameter. The volume of the breast to be removed was measured before the operation by original method with the developed instrument and the Kuklin’s method and after the operation by the method of fluid displacement (MFD) — Archimedes’ method, which was considered the standard. The absolute difference in the values (ADV) and the relative difference in the values (RDV) of the measurement breast volume by the original method and the Kuklin method in relation to the MFD were calculated.Results and discussion. According to the MFD data, the volume of the breast was 82 — 978 ml, an average of 363.0 ± 24.7 ml, according to the own method and the Kuklin method, 85 — 960 ml and 100 — 920 ml, an average of 360.6 ± 24.3 ml and 353.3 ± 23.3 ml. respectively, p > 0.05. The average value of ADV according to the method of Kuklin was 29.9 ± 1.5 ml (5 — 61 ml), by original method — 10.3 ± 0.47 ml (3 — 20 ml), p = 0.001. The average value of RDV according to the method of Kuklin was 9.84 ± 0.6 % (1.7 — 31.6 %,), according to the own method — 3.4 ± 0.2 % (1.3 — 12.6 %), p = 0.001. The rate of RDV less than 5 % according to the method of Kuklin was 10.0 %, by own method — 87.1 %. The frequency of RDV more than 5 % according to the method of Kuklin was 90.0 % (mean volume of the breast 31.1 ± 1.5 ml), according to the original method — 12.9 % (average volume of the breast 11.2 ± 0.7 ml), p = 0.001.Conclusions. The developed original method for the breast volume determining provides a high measurement accuracy: the RDV rate of less than 5 % is 87.1 % (mean 10.1 ± 0.5 ml), 5.1 — 12.6 % — 12.9 % (mean 11.2 ± 0.7 ml). The developed method more accurately estimates the volume of breast than the standard method (Kuklin): the average value of ADV was 10.3 ± 0.47 ml versus 29.9 ± 1.5 ml, p = 0.001 and RDV — 3.4 ± 0.2 % vs. (9.8.4 ± 0.6 %), p = 0.001, respectively.
Portal vein branches embolization in patients with cholangiocarcinoma: early results
Authors: V. A. Kondratyuk  , S. M. Furkalo  , O. O. Korshak  , P. A. Hyndych
Published: October 2018

The aim — to study the effectiveness of preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) in patients with cholangiocarcinoma, preparing for radical expanded liver resection (ELR).Materials and methods. PVE was performed in 148 patients with cholangiocarcinoma as fierts step for ELR from 2006 to 2015. Indications for PVE were a future liver remnant (FLR) less than 30 % of total liver volume and a bilirubin level less than 300 mg/l. The change in liver volumes was evaluated by comparsion of CT scans before PVE and before ELR, liver function was assessed with standard laboratory tests.Results and discussion. As a result, PVE managed to achieve a statistically significant increase of FLR by 45.5 %, which made it possible to exclude all patients from high­risk group and to perform ELR in 141 (95.6 %) patients. The dynamics of laboratory tests indicates the processes of cytolysis and a decrease of synthetic liver function that occur after PVE with complete restoration for 3 weeks.Conclusions. PVE allows to increase FLR in patients with cholangiocarcinomas, in the absence of complications, which gives us the right to recommend the inclusion of this technique in the protocol for the preparation of patients with cholangiocarcinomatoexpanded liver resection.
laparoscopic retro-muscular abdominal wall repair with posterior component separation And self-tacking Parietene Progrip mesh for the diastasis rectus abdominis. the first experience
Authors: A. V. Malinovskiy  , M. М.  Mayorenko  , S. Yu. Badion
Published: October 2018

Retromuscular repair of large postoperative ventral hernias and diastasis rectus abdominis may improve the results of these procedures compared to IPOM, and therefore becomes more and more popular last time. A 33-year-old woman with a postpartum 6 cm wide diastasis was operated. Six trocars were used: four 5-mm, and two 10-mm, symmetrically placed at the both flanks. After separation of posterior rectus sheath from rectus muscles on the both sides, the diastasis and the incision of the sheath was sewn. In the retromuscular space, Parietene Progrip Mesh (Covidien, USA) was fixated to the rectus muscles. The operation time was 5 hours. There were no postoperative complications, including confirmed by postoperative ultrasound. The patient was discharged on the 4th postoperative day. Laparoscopic retro-muscular repair allows to mobilize the rectus abdominis muscles, and placement of self-tacking mesh eliminates the need for transfascial sutures and tackers. These principles reduce the risk of recurrence and development of chronic pain.
“Self-sacrifice” as accidental outcome of extreme within-group mutualism
Authors: Marie Antoine
Published: October 2018

Departing from frameworks holding that the ultimate function of “sacrificial” behaviors is altruistic—incurring absolute individual costs to benefit others—I argue that at least some of the behaviors we call self-sacrifical may be parsimoniously explained as the outcomes of the activation of mutualistic, i.e. interdependence-based propensities to take extreme risks for comrades in exchange for their protection, which would accidentally lead to death. These would have evolved by classical, gene-level selection through partner choice mechanisms taking place within ancestral coalitions in contexts of integroup warfare.
Phylogenetic non-independence in rates of trait evolution
Authors: Sakamoto Manabu , Venditti Chris
Published: October 2018

Statistical non-independence of species’ biological traits is recognized in most traits under selection. Yet, whether or not the evolutionary rates of such biological traits are statistically non-independent remains to be tested. Here we test the hypothesis that phenotypic evolutionary rates are non-independent, i.e. contain phylogenetic signal, using empirical rates of evolution in three separate traits: body mass in mammals; beak shape in birds; and bite force in amniotes. Specifically, we test whether rates are non-independent throughout the evolutionary history of each tree. We find evidence for phylogenetic signal in evolutionary rates in all three case studies. While phylogenetic signal diminishes deeper in time, this is reflective of statistical power owing to small sample and effect sizes. When effect size is large, e.g., owing to the presence of fossil tips, we detect high phylogenetic signals even in deeper time slices. Thus, we recommend that rates be treated as being non-independent throughout the evolutionary history of the group of organisms under study, and any summaries or analyses of rates through time – including associations of rates with traits – need account for the undesired effects of shared ancestry.
The effect of semantic relatedness on associative asymmetry in memory
Authors: Popov Vencislav , Zhang Qiong , Koch Griffin , Calloway Regina , Coutanche Marc N
Published: October 2018

We provide new evidence concerning two opposing views of episodic associations: The independent associations hypothesis (IAH) posits that associations are unidirectional and separately modifiable links (A→B and A←B); the associative symmetry hypothesis (ASH), to the contrary, considers the association to be a holistic conjunction of A and B representations. While existing literature focuses on tests that compare the equality and correlation of forward and backward associations and favors ASH over IAH, we provide the first direct evidence of IAH by showing that forward and backward associations are separately modifiable for semantically related pairs. In two experiments, participants studied 30 semantically unrelated and 30 semantically related pairs intermixed in a single list, and then performed a series of up to eight cued-recall test cycles. All pairs were tested in each cycle, and the testing direction (A-? or B-?) alternated between cycles. Consistent with prior research, unrelated pairs exhibited associative symmetry – accuracy and response times improved gradually on each test, suggesting that testing in both directions strengthened the same association. In contrast, semantically related pairs exhibited a stair-like pattern, where performance did not change from odd to even tests when the test direction changed; it only improved between tests of the same direction. We conclude that episodic associations can have either a holistic representation (ASH) or separate directional representations (IAH), depending on the semantic relatedness of their constituent items.
Reduced Sense of Agency in Human-Robot interaction
Authors: Ciardo Francesca , De Tommaso Davide , Beyer Frederike , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: October 2018

In the presence of others, sense of agency (SoA), i.e. the perceived relation-ship between our own actions and external events, is reduced. This effect is thought to contribute to diffusion of responsibility. The present study aimed at examining humans’ SoA when interacting with an artificial embodied agent. Young adults participated in a task alongside the Cozmo robot (Anki Robotics). Participants were asked to perform costly actions (i.e. losing vari-ous amounts of points) to stop an inflating balloon from exploding. In 50% of trials, only the participant could stop the inflation of the balloon (Individ-ual condition). In the remaining trials, both Cozmo and the participant were in charge of preventing the balloon from bursting (Joint condition). The longer the players waited before pressing the “stop” key, the smaller amount of points that was subtracted. However, in case the balloon burst, partici-pants would lose the largest amount of points. In the joint condition, no points were lost if Cozmo stopped the balloon. At the end of each trial, par-ticipants rated how much control they perceived over the outcome of the tri-al. Results showed that when participants successfully stopped the balloon, they rated their SoA lower in the Joint than in the Individual condition, in-dependently of the amount of lost points. This suggests that interacting with robots affects SoA, similarly to interacting with other humans
Using Automatic Face Analysis to Score Infant Behavior from Video Collected Online
Authors: Chouinard Brea , Scott Kimberly Megan , Cusack Rhodri
Published: October 2018

Online testing of infants by recording video with a webcam has the potential to improve the replicability of developmental studies by facilitating larger sample sizes and by allowing methods (including recruitment) to be specified in code. However, the recorded video still needs to be manually scored. This labour-intensive process puts downward pressure on sample sizes and requires subjective judgements that may not be reproducible in a different laboratory. Here we present the first fully automatic pipeline, using a face analysis softwareas-a-service and a discriminant-analysis classifier to score infant videos acquired online. We compare human and machine performance for looking time and preferential looking paradigms; machine performance demonstrates a promising proof of principle for looking time and is above chance in classifying preferential looking. Additionally, we studied the characteristics of the video and the child that influenced automated scoring, so that future studies can acquire data that maximises the performance of automatic gaze coding and/or focus on improving automatic coding for particularly challenging data. We believe this technology has great promise for developmental science.
Fertility, Mobility, and Educational Reproduction: A New Method to Estimate Prospective Models Using Retrospective Data
Authors: Skopek Jan , Leopold Thomas
Published: October 2018

Prospective models of intergenerational reproduction consider not only the social reproduction of attributes such as education, but also the demographic reproduction of individuals who carry these attributes. This study introduces a method that substantially reduces the data requirements of prospective models. The method allows estimating prospective models based on retrospective data commonly available in surveys. It addresses two key issues – retrospective sampling bias, and the problem of identifying representative cohorts. Additionally, we introduce a decomposition technique disentangling social and demographic pathways of reproduction. We illustrate the method using German data from NEPS and SOEP, focusing on educational reproduction of German men and women born between 1930 and 1945. The analysis offers new estimates of the expected number of higher and lower educated children born to men and women of different levels of education. Findings show that reproduction is constrained by educational gradients in women’s fertility, particularly in West Germany. We conclude that prospective designs advance our understanding of social inequality and its reproduction in families. The method that we introduce will facilitate future prospective research on social stratification.
The Educational Context of Computer-assisted Language Learning (CALL)
Authors: Benavides Jorge E
Published: October 2018

This article deals with the spread of computer applications in education in general and in Higher Education, in particular, making up the new context of Information and Communication Technology and the need for teacher training. Today, only a comparatively small proportion of teachers and schools are using the technology in an extended way. However, it is still very early to show significant or dramatic changes since the current situation cannot be taken as anything other than an initial stage. However, the impact on individual schools and individual practitioners, where the innovation has been made available, is said to be significant.
Public opposition and the neighborhood effect: how social interaction explains protest against a large infrastructure project
Authors: Coppens Tom , Van Dooren Wouter , Thijssen Peter
Published: October 2018

We find that distance to an infrastructure project has a significant impact on the levels of protest in neighborhoods, but distance is not the whole story. The presence of social capital and the presence of active protesters are good predictors of protest participation in the neighborhood. Contrary to expectations, the aggregated socio-demographic profile of a neighborhood is not significantly related to levels of opposition. These findings support theories on the collective efficacy of neighborhoods.
El Computador en el Desarrollo de la Lectura en Inglés
Authors: Benavides Jorge E
Published: October 2018

En esta investigación pre-experimental se proporciona evidencia del efecto del uso de un programa informático de reconstrucción de texto en el campo del aprendizaje de lenguas asistido por computador (ALAC) sobre la velocidad de lectura y el aprendizaje de vocabulario en inglés. Utilizando un grupo de sujetos del programa del programa de Idiomas de la Universidad Mariana de la Ciudad de San Juan de Pasto y trabajando con un programa de reconstrucción de texto durante diez semanas se obtuvieron ganancias significativas en cuanto a la velocidad de lectura, comprensión y el aprendizaje de vocabulario que apuntan hacia la incidencia positiva de uso del computador en actividades de lectura indirecta mediada por la reconstrucción de texto en la velocidad y la comprensión.