bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I thought they’d do more”: conflicting expectations of crowdfunding communication
Authors: Levenshus Abbey B. , Lemon Laura L. , Childers Courtney , Cho Moonhee
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the comprehensive, ongoing role of communication in an enterprise crowdfunding context, which has been largely overlooked.

Design/methodology/approach

A large public higher education institution in the Southeastern USA was chosen as the case study unit to illuminate an enterprise-wide crowdfunding program using a proprietary, in-house platform, compared to commercial sites like Kickstarter that do not let organizational leaders strategically plan and manage the platform and its communication functions. Such autonomy provides a richer landscape for studying organizational members’ communication and communication management related to an enterprise crowdfunding program.

Findings

The case study identified communication-related challenges to the fundraising program’s success such as limited project leader and funding recipients’ commitment to communicate with their social networks about the projects. Internal communication and conflicting expectations, largely ignored in current crowdfunding research, were seen as critical to program effectiveness.

Originality/value

This study adds scholarly and practical depth to knowledge of enterprise crowdfunding, a relatively new phenomenon in nonprofit and higher education fundraising. While not generalizable to all settings, findings can offer transferable guidance for organizations seeking to engage internal stakeholders related to new and innovative fundraising programs that require their active buy-in and participation.
Influencer marketing
Authors: Stubb Carolina , Nyström Anna-Greta , Colliander Jonas
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of a particular form of sponsorship disclaimer in sponsored content by social media influencers (SMIs), namely a sponsorship compensation justification disclosure. A sponsorship compensation justification disclosure explains why influencers and brands engage in sponsorship collaborations by providing a normative reason that justifies the existence and dissemination of sponsored content.

Design/methodology/approach

An experimental design was used to compare the effects of a sponsorship compensation justification disclosure made by either an influencer or the sponsoring brand, to a simple sponsorship disclosure and a no disclosure control post, on consumers’ responses to a product-review video by a YouTube influencer.

Findings

The paper offers empirical evidence that sponsorship compensation justification generates more positive consumer attitudes toward influencers receiving sponsorship compensation, and increases source and message credibility, compared to a simple sponsorship disclosure.

Research limitations/implications

The hypotheses were tested on one YouTube video, comprising of a single product category, one SMI and one social media platform. Further studies might replicate the experiment on different product categories and on different social media platforms.

Practical implications

This empirical study can offer brand communication managers and influencers important information on how to communicate and design sponsorship disclosures to reach-desired responses from consumers.

Originality/value

The study is the first study to empirically demonstrate the effects of this particular type of sponsorship disclosure.
A critical review of female firefighter protective clothing and equipment workplace challenges
Authors: McQuerry Meredith , Kwon Cassandra , Johnson Heather
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenging barriers faced by female firefighters, which limit workplace entrance and performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Occupational barriers from both psychological and physiological viewpoints were explored based on previous literature and the reported experiences of female firefighters.

Findings

A comprehensive review of literature synthesizes previous studies pertaining to gender anthropometric differences, female firefighters’ experiences in the work environment and protective clothing issues. The physical capabilities of men and women in specific relation to performing firefighting activities are also examined. Issues of greatest concern are identified for personal protective clothing (PPC) and equipment, which have traditionally been designed for the male human form. This leads to a lack of protection, an increased risk of onsite injury, reduction in mobility and poorer comfort for female firefighters.

Originality/value

This review provides an original overview of the critical workplace challenges faced by female firefighters. The need for female-specific PPC and equipment is specifically addressed to retain the growing number of women entering the male-dominated firefighting profession.
Market valuation and risk profile of listed European football clubs
Authors: Prigge Stefan , Tegtmeier Lars
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore whether stocks in football clubs are valued in line with the valuation of other capital assets in the capital market. Moreover, it analyzes the risk profile of football stocks. By taking this perspective, the paper also contributes to the discussion on the motives of those who invest in football clubs, particularly the question of whether they expect extra benefits, i.e., in addition to dividends and share price appreciation, from the investments.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical study analyzes the share prices of 19 listed European football clubs from January 2010 to December 2016. Building on the capital asset pricing model, the authors used Zellner’s (1962) seemingly unrelated regressions.

Findings

The results indicate that the majority of the football clubs in the sample are overvalued. This implies that investments in football stocks are mainly attractive for those investors who expect to derive extra benefits from their investment. That might be likely for strategic, patron and fan investors, but not for purely financial investors.

Research limitations/implications

As a next step, more advanced factor models could be applied to the analysis.

Practical implications

For investors, the results imply that portfolio diversification is particularly beneficial while buying football stocks. For football clubs, the rather low general market risk, combined with the overvaluation, leads to low equity costs when new shares are issued.

Originality/value

The results suggest that dividends and share price appreciation are not the only benefits football stock owners derive from the stocks, thus underlining that further investigations in their motives to hold football stocks are very promising.
Reflections on the theme issue outcomes: Expo 2020: what will be the impact on Dubai?
Authors: Nadkarni Sanjay , Teare Richard
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to profile the Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (WHATT) theme issue “Expo 2020: What will be the impact on Dubai?” with reference to the experiences of the theme editor and writing team.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses structured questions to enable the theme editor to reflect on the rationale for the theme issue question, the starting point, the selection of the writing team and material and the editorial process.

Findings

This paper provides a framework to facilitate discussion between academics and practitioners engaged with Dubai’s Expo 2020, identifies ways of improving competitiveness as an events destination and contributes to thinking about sustainable development before and after the event. The outcomes of a broad-ranging collaboration yield fresh insights, a deeper understanding of the issues and an array of possible responses to the theme issue question.

Practical implications

The theme issue outcomes provide lines of enquiry for others to explore and they reinforce the value of WHATT’s approach to collaborative working and writing.

Originality/value

The collaborative work reported in this theme issue offers a unified but contrarian response to the theme’s strategic question. Taken together, the collection of articles provides a detailed picture of the on-going preparation for Expo 2020 and plans to ensure continued growth in the post-Expo phase.
Case of toxic epidermal necrolysis occurring after bone marrow transplantation accompanied by engraftment failure
Authors: Asai Chika , Watanabe Yuko , Mukaijo Junko , Takamura Naoko , Okawa Tomoko , Yamaguchi Yukie , Matsumura Ayako , Matsumoto Kenji , Aihara Michiko
Published: May 2019

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare condition, causing life‐threatening adverse cutaneous reactions. TEN occurrence after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a well‐known phenomenon; however, to date, only a few cases have been reported in the published work. Here, we describe the case of a 53‐year‐old woman who experienced TEN after undergoing allogenic BMT for malignant lymphoma. Skin erosion spread across a maximum of 70% of the body surface area and severe mucosal lesions developed. Steroid pulse therapy, plasma apheresis and immunoglobulin therapy were administrated, which resulted in the complete resolution of TEN. However, she developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and died 38 days after BMT, owing to rupture of the lower digestive tract complicated by multi‐organ failure. In our case, engraftment failure occurred, and the peripheral white blood cell count was less than 100/μL during the TEN course, suggesting that the presence of only a few immune cells could cause TEN. Our findings showed that high mortality rates and widespread skin erosion could be regarded as the most important characteristics of TEN occurring after BMT.
Antibacterial activity of hinokitiol against both antibiotic‐resistant and ‐susceptible pathogenic bacteria that predominate in the oral cavity and upper airways
Authors: Domon Hisanori , Hiyoshi Takumi , Maekawa Tomoki , Yonezawa Daisuke , Tamura Hikaru , Kawabata Shigetada , Yanagihara Katsunori , Kimura Osamu , Kunitomo Eiji , Terao Yutaka
Published: May 2019

Hinokitiol, a component of the essential oil isolated from Cupressaceae, possesses antibacterial and antifungal activities and has been used in oral care products. In this study, the antibacterial activities of hinokitiol toward various oral, nasal and nasopharyngeal pathogenic bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, methicillin‐resistant and ‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic‐resistant and ‐susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes were examined. Growth of all these bacterial strains was significantly inhibited by hinokitiol, minimal inhibitory concentrations of hinokitiol against S. mutans, S. sobrinus, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus, antibiotic‐resistant S. pneumoniae isolates, antibiotic‐susceptible S. pneumoniae, and S. pyogenes being 0.3, 1.0, 1.0, 30, 0.5, 50, 50, 30, 0.3–1.0, 0.5, and 0.3 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, with the exception of P. gingivalis, hinokitiol exerted bactericidal effects against all bacterial strains 1 hr after exposure. Hinokitiol did not display any significant cytotoxicity toward the human gingival epithelial cell line Ca9‐22, pharyngeal epithelial cell line Detroit 562, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, or human gingival fibroblasts, with the exception of treatment with 500 μg/mL hinokitiol, which decreased numbers of viable Ca9‐22 cells and gingival fibroblasts by 13% and 12%, respectively. These results suggest that hinokitiol exhibits antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and has low cytotoxicity towards human epithelial cells.
Detection of microRNAs in DNA Extractions for Forensic Biological Source Identification
Authors: Lewis Carolyn A. , Layne Tiffany R. , Seashols‐Williams Sarah J.
Published: May 2019

Molecular‐based approaches for biological source identification are of great interest in the forensic community because of a lack of sensitivity and specificity in current methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered due to their robust nature and tissue specificity; however, analysis requires a separate RNA extraction, requiring an additional step in the forensic analysis workflow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate miRNA detection in blood, semen, and saliva using DNA extraction methods commonly utilized for forensic casework. RT‐qPCR analysis revealed that the tested miRNAs were consistently detectable across most tested DNA extraction methods, but detection was significantly reduced compared to RNA extracts in some biological fluids. DNase treatment was not necessary to achieve miRNA‐specific results. A previously developed miRNA panel for forensic body fluid identification was evaluated using DNA extracts, and largely demonstrated concordance with results from samples deriving from RNA extracts of semen, blood, and saliva.
Impact of a Novel Cryoprotectant Blend on the Sensory Quality of Frozen Lobster (Homarus americanus)
Authors: English Marcia M. , Keough James, M. , McSweeney Mathew B. , Gulam Razul M. S.
Published: May 2019

Frozen storage of lobster meat (Homarus americanus) can result in undesirable quality changes that decrease consumer acceptability of these products. Current seafood industry methods use cryoprotective agents that contain phosphates including sodium tripolyphosphates (STPP). However, recent evidence suggests that cryoprotective mixtures that combine different carbohydrates and STPP can have equal or even greater cryoprotective properties compared to using STPP alone. The objective of this study was to compare the overall consumer acceptability of lobster meat stored for 6 months in different blends of these cryoprotective solutions. One hundred and seven panelists were recruited to score the acceptability of the lobster samples using nine‐point hedonic scales. A check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) question containing 27 literature‐informed, sensory descriptors was also used to identify terms frequently used to describe lobster meat. Analysis of variance analysis, indicated a significant increase for overall liking (22.1%, P < 0.0001), liking of flavor (23.6%, P < 0.0001) and texture (15.6%, P = 0.000) scores for samples stored in a novel carbohydrate blend plus sodium chloride (NaCl) and STPP compared to the water control. Subsequent penalty analysis revealed that overall liking scores were most positively associated with the attributes tender, sweet, moist and soft. Moreover, the attributes with the highest positive mean impact were more frequently used to describe lobster samples stored in solutions containing NaCl and the novel carbohydrate blend, as well as NaCl and STPP (Lobster‐3 and Lobster‐5 samples, respectively).

Practical Application

The positive impact on the sensory quality of this novel blend of cryoprotective compounds (carbohydrates and NaCl) is proof of concept that this mixture is comparable, if not better than preservatives currently used by the seafood industry. Given the necessary regulatory approval and industry acceptance, lobster processors may consider this novel blend as a suitable alternative to freeze lobster products for up to 6 months.
Potential KPC‐2 carbapenemase reservoir of environmental Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas caviae isolates from the effluent of an urban wastewater treatment plant in Japan
Authors: Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Inamine Yuba , Segawa Takaya , Hashino Masanori , Yatsu Koji , Kuroda Makoto
Published: May 2019

Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas caviae adapt to saline water environments and are the most predominant Aeromonas species isolated from estuaries. Here, we isolated antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) Aeromonas strains (A. hydrophila GSH8‐2 and A. caviae GSH8M‐1) carrying the carabapenemase blaKPC‐2 gene from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent in Tokyo Bay (Japan) and determined their complete genome sequences. GSH8‐2 and GSH8M‐1 were classified as newly assigned sequence types ST558 and ST13, suggesting no supportive evidence of clonal dissemination. The strains appear to have acquired blaKPC‐2‐positive IncP‐6‐relative plasmids (pGSH8‐2 and pGSH8M‐1‐2) that share a common backbone with plasmids in Aeromonas sp. ASNIH3 isolated from hospital wastewater in the United States, A. hydrophila WCHAH045096 isolated from sewage in China, other clinical isolates (Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Escherichia coli), and wastewater isolates (Citrobacter, Pseudomonas and other Aeromonas spp.). In addition to blaKPC‐2, pGSH8M‐1‐2 carries an IS26‐mediated composite transposon including a macrolide resistance gene, mph(A). Although Aeromonas species are opportunistic pathogens, they could serve as potential environmental reservoir bacteria for carbapenemase and AMR genes. AMR monitoring from WWTP effluents will contribute to the detection of ongoing AMR dissemination in the environment and might provide an early warning of potential dissemination in clinical settings and communities.
Equating U.S. Tax Treatment of Dividends and Capital Gains for Foreign Portfolio Investors
Authors: Veliotis Stanley
Published: May 2019

The U.S. tax law equates the tax rate on dividends and long‐term capital gains on stock owned by U.S. citizens and residents. However, the taxation of these two types of rewards in the hands of foreign portfolio investors remains dramatically different from each other, with the capital gain being fully exempt. Several reasons support this article's proposal to no longer exempt these gains. Extending finance theory and prior normative tax research, this article argues that foreigners’ portfolio dividends and capital gains should be taxed in the same manner because they are economically equivalent and emanate from the same source. Three recent empirical developments also support repeal of the foreigner's exemption. First, there is now extensive use by U.S. corporations of stock repurchases—which are taxed to selling shareholders as capital gain—as a form of corporate payout that was in the past primarily accomplished through dividends. Second, foreign ownership of U.S. stocks has continued to increase, with an estimated one‐third of these stocks owned by foreigners. Third, the modern tax compliance environment—including aspects of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act that apply to foreigners—reduces past congressional and academic concerns about enforcing the taxation of foreigners’ portfolio gains.
The Econtractor? Defining the Esports Employment Relationship
Authors: Holden John T. , Baker Thomas A.
Published: May 2019

Esports is now a multibillion‐dollar industry that has quickly become one of the most discussed segments of the entertainment industry. There has been a rush to mention esports alongside other more traditional sports like baseball, basketball, football, and hockey, but the comparison may not be apt. Esports leagues are fundamentally different from traditional sports leagues because the competitive games that make up esports are the intellectual property of the game makers. This unique structure results in individualized relationships between the game makers, esports producers, the teams, and the competitors. This article is among the first to examine the legal status of esports competitors. In doing so, we discuss the employment conditions within esports that make them unique. The industry is poised to face significant labor‐related challenges in the near future, so the article also analyzes the labor issues esports competitors and leagues face, and the importance for stakeholders to pay attention to the legal status and working conditions of the competitors.
Ethnic board diversity, earnings quality and institutional investors: evidence from Malaysian corporate boards
Authors: Tee Chwee Ming , Rassiah Puspavathy
Published: May 2019

Motivated by calls to examine the issue of board diversity in emerging economies, this study explores the association between ethnic board diversity and earnings quality; and the moderating effect of institutional investors’ ownership. In a sample of Malaysian firms, we find that boards with higher ethnic diversity are associated with higher earnings quality. Consequently, our findings suggest that institutional investors prefer boards to be ethnically diverse. Consistent with geographical proximity theory, this effect is primarily driven by domestic institutional investors. Finally, we find that political connection attenuates the association between ethnic board diversity and higher earnings quality.
Age‐related morphometric changes of the tidemark in the ovine stifle
Authors: Hontoir Fanny , Pirson Romain , Simon Vincent , Clegg Peter , Nisolle Jean‐François , Kirschvink Nathalie , Vandeweerd Jean‐Michel E.
Published: May 2019

Though the ovine stifle is commonly used to study osteoarthritis, there is limited information about the age‐related morphometric changes of the tidemark. The objective of this study was to document the number of tidemarks in the stifle of research sheep without clinical signs of osteoarthritis and of various ages (n = 80). Articular cartilage of the medial and lateral tibial condyles and of the medial and lateral femoral condyles was assessed by histology: (a) to count the number of tidemark; and (b) to assess the OARSI (Osteoarthritis Research Society International) score for structural changes of cartilage. The number of tidemarks varied between anatomical regions, respectively, from 4.2 in the medial femoral condyle to 5.0 in the lateral tibial condyle. The axial part showed a significant higher number of tidemarks than the abaxial part, for all regions except the medial tibial condyle. Whilst the tidemark count strongly correlated with age (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.70; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.67–0.73; p < 0.0001), the OARSI score was weakly correlated with age in our cohort of sheep (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.19–0.30; p < 0.0001). Interestingly, no tidemark was seen in the three animals aged 6 months. Our data indicate that the number of tidemarks increases with age and vary with anatomical region. The regional variation also revealed a higher number of tidemarks in the tibia than in the femur. This could be attributed to the local variation in cartilage response to strain and to the difference in chondrocyte biology and density.
A cost‐effectiveness analysis of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) for up to three complete assisted reproductive technology cycles in women of advanced maternal age
Authors: Lee Evelyn , Costello Michael F. , Botha Willings C. , Illingworth Peter , Chambers Georgina M.
Published: May 2019

Background

Current evidence suggests that preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) used during assisted reproductive technology improves per‐cycle live‐birth rates but cumulative live‐birth rate (CLBR) was similar to a strategy of morphological assessment (MA) of embryos. No study has assessed the cost‐effectiveness of repeated cycles withPGT‐A using longitudinal patient‐level data.

Aim

To assess the cost‐effectiveness of repeated cycles withPGT‐A compared toMAof embryos in older women.

Materials and Methods

Micro‐costing methods were used to value direct resource consumption of 2093 assisted reproductive technology‐naïve women aged ≥37 years undergoing up to three ‘complete assisted reproductive technology cycles’ (fresh plus cryopreserved embryos) with eitherPGT‐A orMAin an Australian clinic between 2011 and 2014. Incremental cost‐effective ratios were calculated from healthcare and patient perspectives with uncertainty assessed using non‐parametric bootstrap methods. Cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves were constructed to evaluate the probability ofPGT‐A being cost‐effective over a range of willingness‐to‐pay thresholds.

Results

TheCLBRand mean healthcare costs per patient were 30.90% and $22 962 for thePGT‐A group, and 26.77% and $21 801 for theMAgroup, yielding an incremental cost‐effective ratio of $28 103 for an additional live birth withPGT‐A. At a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50 000 and above, there is more than an 80% probability ofPGT‐A being cost‐effective from the healthcare perspective and a 50% likelihood from a patient perspective.

Conclusion

This is the first study to use real‐world patient‐level data to assess the cost‐effectiveness ofPGT‐A in older women from the healthcare and patient perspectives. The findings contribute to the ongoing debate on the role ofPGT‐A in clinical practice.
The DIFFMASK score for predicting difficult facemask ventilation: a cohort study of 46,804 patients
Authors: Lundstrøm L. H. , Rosenstock C. V. , Wetterslev J. , Nørskov A. K.
Published: May 2019

Facemask ventilation is an essential part of airway management. Correctly predicting difficulties in facemask ventilation may reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality among patients at risk. We aimed to develop and evaluate a weighted risk score for predicting difficult facemask ventilation during anaesthesia. We analysed a cohort of 46,804 adult patients who were assessed pre‐operatively airway for 13 predictors of difficult airway management and subsequently underwent facemask ventilation during general anaesthesia. We developed the Difficult Facemask (DIFFMASK) score in two consecutive steps: first, a multivariate regression analysis was performed; and second, the regression coefficients of the adjusted regression model were converted into a clinically applicable weighted point score. The predictive accuracy of the DIFFMASK score was evaluated by assessment of receiver operating characteristic curves. The prevalence of difficult facemask ventilation was 1.06% (95%CI 0.97–1.16). Following conversion of regression coefficients into 0, 1, 2 or 3 points, the cumulated DIFFMASK score ranged from 0 to 18 points and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.82. The Youden index indicated a sum score ≥ 5 as an optimal cut‐off value for prediction of difficult facemask ventilation giving a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 59%. The DIFFMASK score indicated that a score of 6–10 points represents a population of patients who may require heightened attention when facemask ventilation is planned, compared with those patients who are obviously at a high‐ or low risk of difficulties. The DIFFMASK score may be useful in a clinical context but external, prospective validation is needed.
Impaired immune responses to herpesviruses and microbial ligands in patients with MonoMAC
Authors: Mardahl Maibritt , Jørgensen Sofie Eg , Schneider Alon , Raaschou‐Jensen Klas , Holm Mette , Veirum Jens , Kristensen Thomas K. , Johansen Isik S. , Christiansen Mette , Assing Kristian , Mogensen Trine H.
Published: May 2019

MonoMAC is a complex primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the myeloid transcription factor GATA2, characterized by multilineage cytopenia with malignant complications and severe infections, including mycobacteria and herpesviruses. We describe the clinical presentation, genetics and antiviral inflammatory responses in a small case series. Two patients presented in childhood with mycobacterial infection and were diagnosed with MonoMAC germline GATA2 variants; their healthy fathers with the same mutations were also studied. Three patients were elderly individuals with acquired GATA2 mutations and malignant haematological conditions. Overall, this study demonstrates the heterogeneous clinical presentation and variation in immunodeficiency caused by GATA2 mutations.
Structural adaption of axons during de‐ and remyelination in the Cuprizone mouse model
Authors: Pfeiffer Friederike , Frommer‐Kaestle Gabriele , Fallier‐Becker Petra
Published: May 2019

Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder causing neurodegeneration mostly in young adults. Thereby, myelin is lost in the inflammatory lesions leaving unmyelinated axons at a high risk to degenerate. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells maintain their regenerative capacity into adulthood and are able to remyelinate axons if they are properly activated and differentiate. Neuronal activity influences the success of myelination indicating a close interplay between neurons and oligodendroglia. The myelination profile determines the distribution of voltage‐gated ion channels along the axon. Here, we analyze the distribution of the sodium channel subunit Nav1.6 and the ultrastructure of axons after cuprizone‐induced demyelination in transgenic mice expressing GFP in oligodendroglial cells. Using this mouse model, we found an increased number of GFP‐expressing oligodendroglial cells compared to untreated mice. Analyzing the axons, we found an increase in the number of nodes of Ranvier in mice that had received cuprizone. Furthermore, we found an enhanced portion of unmyelinated axons showing vesicles in the cytoplasm. These vesicles were labeled with VGlut1, indicating that they are involved in axonal signaling. Our results highlight the flexibility of axons towards changes in the glial compartment and depict the structural changes they undergo upon myelin removal. These findings might be considered if searching for new neuroprotective therapies that aim at blocking neuronal activity in order to avoid interfering with the process of remyelination.
Commentary: Adolescent self‐harm prevention and intervention in secondary schools: a survey of staff in England and Wales – a reflection on Evans et al. (2019)
Authors: Robinson Jo , Clarke Alison
Published: May 2019

Self‐harm (SH) continues to be a worldwide concern among adolescents and there is a great need for programming aimed at reducing SH in adolescents. Evans and colleagues discuss the opinions of school staff from a representative sample of secondary schools across England and Wales regarding their school's current prevention and intervention practices in responding to self‐harm and how this should be addressed in future practice. The most salient points include the high prevalence of SH internationally, the existing barriers to SH prevention and intervention and possible solutions to these barriers. There is clearly an urgent need for high quality, evidence‐based interventions that can be embedded in school settings, and have the capacity to overcome both the individual and structural barriers to supporting these vulnerable young people.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2,3‐diphenyl‐cycloalkyl pyrazole derivatives as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors
Authors: Xia Lin‐Ying , Yang Rong , Zhang Ya‐Liang , Chu Yi‐Chun , Qi Ya‐Lin , Man Ruo‐Jun , Wang Zhong‐Chang , Wang Bao‐Zhong , Zhu Hai‐Liang
Published: May 2019

Several novel cycloalkyl‐fused 2,3‐diaryl pyrazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential anti‐tubulin agents. Compound A10 exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against a panel of cancer lines (IC50 = 0.78–2.42 μM) and low cytotoxicity against 293T & L02 (CC50 values of 131.74 and 174.89 μM, respectively). Moreover, A10 displayed inhibition of tubulin polymerization in vitro, arrested the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, changed morphology of tubulin, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, and induced apoptosis of HeLa cells. Docking simulation and 3D‐QSAR models were performed to elaborate on the anti‐tubulin mechanism of the derivatives. The inhibition of monoclonal colony formation provided more intuitional data to verify the possibility of A10 as a novel tubulin assembling inhibitor.
An unexpected dynamic binding mode between coagulation factor X and Rivaroxaban reveals importance of flexibility in drug binding
Authors: Qu Si‐Ying , Xu Qin , Wu Wenman , Li Fang , Li Cheng‐Dong , Huang Ran , Ding Qiulan , Wei Dong‐Qing
Published: May 2019

Rivaroxaban (RIV) is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) targeting activated coagulation factor X (FXa). An earlier study reported the F174A mutant of FXa resistant to a RIV‐like inhibitor, Apixaban. In current study, the detailed molecular mechanism of the resistance has been explored by molecular dynamics simulations on the impaired interactions between RIV and FXa in the damaged S4 pocket of F174A mutant. Besides, an unexpected relative stable binding mode of S1′S1 was revealed, which required dynamic motions of Gln192 and Gln61 to allow the morpholinone moiety of RIV to shift into the S1′ pocket and form strong interactions. These dynamic motions of RIV and critical residues might be important in drug design for direct inhibitors of coagulation factors.
The Privileged Status of Knowing Mechanistic Information: An Early Epistemic Bias
Authors: Lockhart Kristi L. , Chuey Aaron , Kerr Sophie , Keil Frank C.
Published: May 2019

Four studies with 180 5–7 year olds, 165 8–11 year olds and 199 adults show that young children appreciate the distinctive role played by mechanistic explanations in tracking causal patterns. Young children attributed greater knowledge to individuals offering mechanistic reasons for a claim than others who provide equally detailed nonmechanistic reasons. In Study 1, 5–7 year olds attributed greater knowledge to those offering mechanistic reasons. In Studies 2 and 3, all ages (5–7 and adults for Study 2; 5–7, 8–11 and adults for Study 3) assigned greater knowledge to those offering mechanistic reasons about causally central features than those offering nonmechanistic reasons. In Study 4, all ages (5–7, 8–11, adults) modulated the epistemic bias as a function of embedding goals.
Variable IgE cross‐reactivity between peanut 2S‐albumins: The case for measuring IgE to both Ara h 2 and Ara h 6
Authors: Hazebrouck Stéphane , Guillon Blanche , Paty Evelyne , Dreskin Stephen C. , Adel‐Patient Karine , Bernard Hervé
Published: May 2019

Background

2S‐albumins Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are the most potent peanut allergens and levels of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) towards these proteins are good predictors of clinical reactivity. Because of structural homologies, Ara h 6 is generally considered to cross‐react extensively with Ara h 2.

Objective

We aimed to quantify the IgE cross‐reactivity between Ara h 2 and Ara h 6.

Methods

Peanut 2S‐albumins were purified from raw peanuts. The IgE cross‐reactivity between Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 was evaluated with 32 sera from French and US peanut‐allergic patients by measuring the residual IgE‐binding to one 2S‐albumin after depletion of IgE antibodies recognizing the other 2S‐albumin. The IgE cross‐reactivity between Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 was further investigated by competitive inhibition of IgE‐binding and by a model of mast cell degranulation.

Results

A highly variable level of IgE cross‐reactivity was revealed among the patients. The mean fraction of cross‐reactive IgE antibodies represented only 17.1% of 2S‐albumins‐specific IgE antibodies and was lower than the mean fraction of IgE specific to Ara h 2 (57.4%) or to Ara h 6 (25.5%). The higher level of Ara h 2‐specific IgE was principally due to the IgE‐binding capacity of an insertion containing the repeated immunodominant linear epitope DPYSPOHS. The impact of IgE cross‐reactivity on diagnostic testing was illustrated with a serum displaying an Ara h 6‐specific IgE response of 26 UI/mL that was not associated with the capacity of Ara h 6 to trigger mast cell degranulation.

Conclusions & Clinical Relevance

Immunoglobulin E antibodies specific to peanut 2S‐albumins are mainly non–cross‐reactive, but low‐affinity cross‐reactivity can affect diagnostic accuracy. Testing IgE‐binding to a mixture of 2S‐albumins rather than to each separately may enhance diagnostic performance.
The effect of factors related to periodontal status toward peri‐implantitis
Authors: Arunyanak Sirikarn P. , Sophon Navawan , Tangsathian Teerawut , Supanimitkul Kakanang , Suwanwichit Tharntip , Kungsadalpipob Kajorn
Published: May 2019

Objective

To investigate the association between periodontal status and peri‐implant diseases in patients with osseointegrated dental implants of different implant systems.

Materials and methods

This cross‐sectional study evaluated 200 consecutive implant patients using clinical and radiographic examinations during periodontal maintenance visits. The demographic data and treatment history were obtained from history taking and chart record review. The association between periodontal status and peri‐implant diseases was analyzed using chi‐square and logistic regression analysis.

Results

Patients with a history of chronic periodontitis had a significantly higher prevalence of peri‐implantitis compared with those without a history of periodontal disease (25% vs. 10.9%). The highest prevalence of peri‐implantitis was observed in patients with a history of severe chronic periodontitis. Data analysis revealed that peri‐implant health status was significantly associated with past periodontal status, maintenance status, and present periodontal status. However, multivariate analysis indicated that only a history of chronic periodontitis was significantly associated with peri‐implantitis (adjusted OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.14–5.70, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Patients with a history of chronic periodontitis, especially those with severe periodontal disease had a 2.5‐fold increased risk of peri‐implantitis.
Essay: Making the most of recent advances in freshwater mussel propagation and restoration
Authors: Strayer David L. , Geist Juergen , Haag Wendell R. , Jackson John K. , Newbold J. Denis
Published: May 2019

Propagating and releasing freshwater mussels (Unionida) into the wild can contribute substantially to conservation and perhaps ecosystem restoration, but poorly conceived projects can waste money and public good will, and harm mussel populations and ecosystems. Moving from vague, emotional reactions about mussel restoration to more rigorous discussions and analyses can help focus efforts to where they do the most good. We suggest that: (i) projects to restore mussels for conservation goals to sites where known environmental problems have been eliminated or mitigated have good prospects for success; (ii) projects to restore mussels for conservation goals to sites where known environmental problems have not been eliminated or mitigated have poor prospects for success; (iii) projects to restore mussels for conservation goals to sites in the common situation in which the status of environmental problems is unknown have unknown prospects for success, but may be valuable as scientific experiments, if project performance is monitored properly; (iv) the value of population augmentation as a conservation tool is uncertain, and needs better theoretical and empirical analysis; (v) assisted migration of mussels as a conservation tool is controversial, and should be discussed thoroughly before we reach crises in which it is rejected or carried out carelessly; (vi) projects to restore ecosystem services face more stringent criteria for success than conservation projects, and some such projects being discussed seem unlikely to succeed. Monitoring data on how restoration projects perform typically are inadequately collected, reported, disseminated, and used to improve practice. This could be improved by setting up a clearinghouse to collect, hold, and disseminate data; providing training to restorationists; and opening conversations between restorationists and data managers and statisticians.
The meaning and legacy of the Reformation in a global perspective
Authors: Grosshans Hans‐Peter , Nüssel Friederike
Published: May 2019

When reviewing the non‐European perspectives of Lutheran theology presented in the contributions of this issue of Dialog, it is easy to recognize a dominant, unifying theme and a common task in a confrontation with the new Pentecostal churches. It then makes sense to refer to the two central themes and tasks of Lutheran theology mentioned in this volume: the development of a Lutheran pneumatology in contrast to the Pentecostal/charismatic movements; and an interpretation of the Lutheran doctrine of justification that concentrates on how the pure grace and love of God can be witnessed in good works. As a future focal point of Lutheran theology, the contributions from non‐European Lutheran Christianity presented here show that the connection between the theology of the cross as a central element of the grammar of Lutheran Christianity and the dialectics of law and gospel for the interpretation of the salutary efficacy and experienceable nature of the Spirit requires further reflection.
Is there a world Lutheranism? Accountability and representation in ecumenical dialogue
Authors: Appold Kenneth G.
Published: May 2019

The following thoughts were occasioned by my experiences representing the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) in a variety of international ecumenical dialogues over the past thirteen years. I reflect on some of the fundamental challenges faced by many Lutherans as we seek to represent, as conscientiously as possible, the global communion of which we are members. The question we face is a very simple one: Whom do we represent?
Polypharmacy and gait speed in individuals with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Umegaki Hiroyuki , Yanagawa Madoka , Komiya Hitoshi , Matsubara Masaki , Fujisawa Chisato , Suzuki Yusuke , Kuzuya Masafumi
Published: May 2019

Aim

Polypharmacy has been reported to be associated with poor outcomes, including falls and frailty, in older populations. Past studies have found that slower walking speed is a good predictor of progression to frank dementia in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Some studies of the general population reported that polypharmacy was associated with slower gait speed; however, it remains to be elucidated whether polypharmacy affects gait speed even in individuals with MCI, who already have some deterioration in gait compared with cognitively preserved individuals. The current study explored the association between the number of medications and gait speed in older adults with MCI who have a Clinical Dementia Rating score of 0.5.

Methods

A total of 128 individuals with MCI were included in the present study. The participants were divided into three groups according to the number of medications they were taking: up to four medications was non‐polypharmacy; five to nine medications was polypharmacy; and ≥10 medications was hyperpolypharmacy. The background characteristics were compared by analysis of variance for numerical numbers, and by χ2 analysis for categorical factors. Multiple regression and logistic analysis were applied to investigate the association between gait speed and polypharmacy status or number of medications.

Results

Gait speed was significantly negatively associated with hyperpolypharmacy status and the number of medications. Slow gait speed (<1 m/s) was also significantly associated with polypharmacy status and the number of medications.

Conclusions

We found that polypharmacy was associated with slow gait speed in older adults with MCI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 730–735.
New masculinities in universities? Discourses, ambivalence and potential change
Authors: Lund Rebecca , Meriläinen Susan , Tienari Janne
Published: May 2019

In this article, we explore forms and possible implications of new masculinities in universities, and elucidate how they relate to hegemonic masculinity. ‘New masculinities’ coins a particular tradition of naming in Nordic masculinity studies. In the Nordic context, gendered social relations are shaped by State policies and equality discourses, which are increasingly embracing father‐friendly initiatives. New masculinities refers to the increased involvement of men in caring practices and especially in fathering. Our empirical study comprises in‐depth interviews with young male academics in a Finnish business school. We elucidate, first, the ambivalence and struggles between masculinities in the discourses of these men and, second, how the construction of masculinities is specific to societal, sociocultural and local contexts. Relations of class, and middle‐class notions of the ‘good life’ in particular, emerge as central for understanding the experiences of these men. Beyond the Nordic countries, we argue that while the change potential of caring masculinity stems from particular contexts, the concept of new masculinities is helpful in capturing the ambivalence and struggles between hegemonic and caring masculinities rather than dismissing the latter as subordinate to the former.
Satisfaction with life of oncology nurses in Poland
Authors: Piotrkowska R. , Jarzynkowski P. , Książek J. , Mędrzycka‐Dąbrowska W.
Published: May 2019

Aim

The purpose of this project was to analyse the level of satisfaction with life amongst Polish oncology nurses compared to their system of values.

Background

There are a large number of scholarly reports on job satisfaction and occupational burnout among oncologic nurses, and hardly any impact on their level of life satisfaction.

Introduction

Satisfaction with life, positive feelings and lack of negative feelings are the three important elements of subjective well‐being.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey study design was used. One hundred and forty registered nurses working at oncology centres in Poland were surveyed during the 21st Annual Polish Oncology Nursing Conference. The study used a diagnostic survey method utilizing the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the List of Personal Values and an original survey questionnaire for collecting socio‐demographic data.

Results

There was significant relationship between the level of satisfaction with life in oncology nurses and their age, work seniority, the working system and family life.

Discussion

Satisfaction with life and work is interconnected, and oncology nursing is characterized by significant physical and mental strain. The level of satisfaction depends on many variables, such as preferred system of values, work organization, age and work seniority.

Conclusions

Age and years of work experience affect oncology nurses’ satisfaction with life. Working on a shift system and having a second job lower their satisfaction with life. Nurses who identify happiness symbols in the category of happy family life present a higher level of satisfaction with life.

Implications for nursing policy and practice

The low level of satisfaction with life among Polish oncology nurses is an important factor in the contemporary threats in nursing, and commitment to the improvement of the quality of life in this professional group should become a priority of shaping the image of the profession.
Water vapor corrosion test using supersonic gas velocities
Authors: Gatzen Caren , Mack Daniel E. , Guillon Olivier , Vaßen Robert
Published: May 2019

Testing of the corrosion resistance of environmental barrier coating (EBC) systems is necessary for developing reliable coatings. Unfortunately tests under realistic gas turbine conditions are difficult and expensive. The materials under investigation as well as parts of the test setup have to withstand high temperatures (≥1200°C), high pressure (up to 30 bar) as well as the corrosive atmosphere (H2O, O2, NOx). Therefore most lab scale test‐rigs focus on simplified test conditions. In this work water vapor corrosion testing of EBCs with a high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) facility is introduced which combines high temperatures and high gas velocities. It leads to quite high recession rates in short periods of time, which are comparable to results from literature. It was found that high flow velocities can easily compensate low gas pressures. HVOF‐testing is a simple and fast way to measure the recession rate of an EBC‐system. As proof of concept the recession rates of an oxide/oxide CMC with and without EBC were measured.