bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obliterated cavum septi pellucidi: Clinical significance and role of fetal magnetic resonance
Authors: Fantasia Ilaria , Ciardo Claudia , Bracalente Gabriella , Filippi Elisa , Murru Flora Maria , Spezzacatene Anita , Bin Maura , Mendez Quintero Olivia , Montaguti Elisa , Lees Christoph , Papanikolaou Katherine , Pilu Gianluigi , Prefumo Federico , Thilaganathan Baskaran , Stampalija Tamara
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The objective of this study was to describe a cohort of fetuses with an ultrasound prenatal diagnosis of obliterated cavum septi pellucidi (oCSP) with the aim to explore the rate of associated malformations, the progression during pregnancy and the role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material and methods

This was a retrospective multicenter international study of fetuses diagnosed with oCSP in the second trimester with available fetal MRI and subsequent ultrasound and/or fetal MRI follow‐up in the third trimester. Where available, postnatal data were collected to obtain information on neurodevelopment.

Results

We identified 45 fetuses with oCSP at 20.5 weeks (interquartile range 20.1–21.1). oCSP was apparently isolated at ultrasound in 89% (40/45) and fetal MRI found additional findings in 5% (2/40) of cases, including polymicrogyria and microencephaly. In the remaining 38 fetuses, fetal MRI found a variable amount of fluid in CSP in 74% (28/38) and no fluid in 26% (10/38). Ultrasound follow‐up at or after 30 weeks confirmed the diagnosis of oCSP in 32% (12/38) while fluid was visible in 68% (26/38). At follow‐up MRI, performed in eight pregnancies, there were periventricular cysts and delayed sulcation with persistent oCSP in one case. Among the remaining cases with normal follow‐up ultrasound and fetal MRI findings, the postnatal outcome was normal in 89% of cases (33/37) and abnormal in 11% (4/37): two with isolated speech delay, and two with neurodevelopmental delay secondary to postnatal diagnosis of Noonan syndrome at 5 years in one case and microcephaly with delayed cortical maturation at 5 months in the other.

Conclusions

Apparently isolated oCSP at mid‐pregnancy is a transient finding with the visualization of the fluid later in pregnancy in up to 70% of cases. At referral, associated defects can be found in around 11% of cases at ultrasound and 8% at fetal MRI indicating the need for a detailed evaluation by expert physicians when oCSP is suspected.
Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes in patients with primary ovarian carcinoid: A historical cohort study
Authors: Kong Shujun , Sun Jianan , Sui Xiaolong , Zhang Shuaizhi , Qi YuanBao , Ma Yuanxu , Li Sijian
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Primary ovarian carcinoids are extremely rare ovarian tumors, and there is limited data available on their clinical characteristics and survival outcomes.

Material and methods

We conducted a historical cohort study of 56 patients to investigate their clinical characteristics. The overall survival, disease‐specific survival, recurrence‐free survival, and potential prognostic factors of these patients were also evaluated.

Results

The median age of these patients was 42.0 years (range: 20–71). The average mass and carcinoid size was 7.3 and 0.4 cm, respectively. Elevated tumor marker levels and ascites were observed in 15 and 10 patients, respectively. In 98.2% of the patients, tumors were confined to the ovary, while only one had metastatic disease. Surgery was the mainstay therapy: 37.5% of the patients underwent unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, 25.0% underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, 21.4% underwent ovarian cystectomy, 10.7% underwent comprehensive staging surgery, and 5.4% underwent bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. Appendectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed in eight and five patients, respectively, but none showed tumor involvement. Chemotherapy was the only adjuvant treatment utilized, and was administered in four patients. Pathological analysis showed that strumal carcinoid was the most predominant subtype, occurring in 66.1% of the patients. The Ki‐67 index was reported in 39 patients, 30 of which had an index of no more than 3%, with a maximum of only 5%. Only one relapse occurred after the initial treatment, and that patient experienced recurrences on two occasions, maintaining stable disease after surgery and octreotide therapy. After a median follow‐up of 3.6 years, 96.4% of the patients achieved no evidence of disease, while 3.6% were alive with the disease. The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rate was 97.9% and no death occurred. No risk factors for recurrence‐free survival, overall survival, or disease‐specific survival were identified.

Conclusions

The Ki‐67 indices were extremely low and prognoses were excellent in patients with primary ovarian carcinoids. Conservative surgery, especially unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, is preferred. Individualized adjuvant therapy may be considered for patients with metastatic diseases.
Estimating kidney function in patients with cancer: A narrative review
Authors: Claudel Sophie E. , Gandhi Malini , Patel Ankit B. , Verma Ashish
Published: April 2023

Aim

Accurate evaluation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is crucial in Oncology as drug eligibility and dosing depend on estimates of GFR. However, there are no clear guidelines on the optimal method of determining kidney function in patients with cancer. We aimed to summarize the evidence on estimation of kidney function in patients with cancer.

Methods

We searched PubMed for literature discussing the performance of GFR estimating equations in patients with malignancy to create a table of the evidence for creatinine‐ and cystatin c‐based equations. We further reviewed novel estimation techniques such as panel eGFR, real‐time measured GFR, and functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

The commonly used GFR estimating equations were derived from populations of patients without cancer. These equations may be less applicable in Oncology due to severe sarcopenia, inflammation, and other physiologic changes in patients with cancer. The Cockcroft‐Gault equation currently dominates in clinical Oncology despite significant limitations and accumulating evidence for use of the CKD‐EPICr formula. Additional considerations in the practice of Oncology include a recently developed equation (CamGFRv2, also called the Janowitz formula) and the use of cystatin c‐based equations to overcome some of the barriers to accurate GFR estimation based on creatinine alone.

Conclusion

Overall, we suggest using the CKD‐EPI equations (either cystatin c or creatinine‐based) among patients with cancer in routine clinical practice and measured GFR for patients at a critical threshold for treatment decisions.
Downstream signalling of the disease‐associated mutations on GPR56/ADGRG1
Authors: Cevheroğlu Orkun , Demir Nil , Kesici Mehmet Seçkin , Özçubukçu Salih , Son Çağdaş D.
Published: April 2023

GPR56/ADGRG1 is an adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) and mutations on this receptor cause cortical malformation due to the over‐migration of neural progenitor cells on brain surface. At pial surface, GPR56 interacts with collagen III, induces Rho‐dependent activation through Gα12/13 and inhibits the neuronal migration. In human glioma cells, GPR56 inhibits cell migration through Gαq/11‐dependent Rho pathway. GPR56‐tetraspanin complex is known to couple Gαq/11. GPR56 is an aGPCR that couples with various G proteins and signals through different downstream pathways. In this study, bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP) mutants disrupting GPR56 function but remaining to be expressed on plasma membrane were used to study receptor signalling through Gα12, Gα13 and Gα11 with BRET biosensors. GPR56 showed coupling with all three G proteins and activated heterotrimeric G protein signalling upon stimulation with Stachel peptide. However, BFPP mutants showed different signalling defects for each G protein indicative of distinct activation and signalling properties of GPR56 for Gα12, Gα13 or Gα11. β‐arrestin recruitment was also investigated following the activation of GPR56 with Stachel peptide using BRET biosensors. N‐terminally truncated GPR56 showed enhanced β‐arrestin recruitment; however, neither wild‐type receptor nor BFPP mutants gave any measurable recruitment upon Stachel stimulation, pointing different activation mechanisms for β‐arrestin involvement.
The participation of parents in the protection system: The case of the Spanish legislation
Authors: Massons‐Ribas Anna , Balsells M. Àngels , Cortada Neus
Published: April 2023

Working with the families of origin of children and adolescents (CA) who are in the CA protection system is essential to achieve reunification, which is the ultimate objective when planning foster care; it is a scientific, social and professional challenge that must be included in the legislation of each country. For this, it is essential that the laws consider and regulate the participation of families in decision‐making during foster care and subsequent reunification processes. We analysed 22 laws enacted through Spanish legislation, both national and regional, that regulate the protection of children. The study focuses on analysing how the Spanish legislation contemplates the participation of parents during foster care and subsequent reunification. The Spanish legislative texts do not expressly, clearly and effectively include the participation of parents. They are limited to the punctual recognition of acts of notification and hearing and, where appropriate, of opposition to certain resolutions. Spain lacks a general legal framework that supports and guarantees the necessary participation of the family in the protection system. The focus on the recognition of the rights of CA in laws as a result of international pressure has relegated the legal protection of the rights of parents, mainly in their right to be heard.
Clinical and molecular spectrum of a large Egyptian cohort with ALS2‐related disorders of infantile‐onset of clinical continuum IAHSP/JPLS
Authors: Zaki Maha S. , Sharaf‐Eldin Wessam E. , Rafat Karima , Elbendary Hasnaa M. , Kamel Mona , Elkhateeb Nour , Noureldeen Mahmoud M. , Abdeltawab Mohamed A. , Sadek Abdelrahim A. , Essawi Mona L. , Lau Tracy , Murphy David , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. , Holuden Henry , Issa Mahmoud Y. , Gleeson Joseph G.
Published: April 2023

This study presents 46 patients from 23 unrelated Egyptian families with ALS2‐related disorders without evidence of lower motor neuron involvement. Age at onset ranged from 10 months to 2.5 years, featuring progressive upper motor neuron signs. Detailed clinical phenotypes demonstrated inter‐ and intrafamilial variability. We identified 16 homozygous disease‐causing ALS2 variants; sorted as splice‐site, missense, frameshift, nonsense and in‐frame in eight, seven, four, three, and one families, respectively. Seven of these variants were novel, expanding the mutational spectrum of the ALS2 gene. As expected, clinical severity was positively correlated with disease onset (p = 0.004). This work provides clinical and molecular profiles of a large single ethnic cohort of patients with ALS2 mutations, and suggests that infantile ascending hereditary spastic paralysis (IAHSP) and juvenile primary lateral sclerosis (JPLS) are belonged to one entity with no phenotype–genotype correlation.
Cutaneous myoepithelioma with EWSR1 gene rearrangement and its differentials: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Okorie Chiamaka L. , Yan Shaofeng , Kerr Darcy A. , Tafe Laura J. , Sriharan Aravindhan
Published: April 2023

Cutaneous myoepithelioma is a rare benign soft tissue neoplasm of myoepithelial cells involving the skin and subcutis. These tumors can be diagnostically challenging. The plasticity of myoepithelial cells leads to wide variability in the cytomorphology, immunophenotype, and genetic features of myoepithelioma. Their protean presentations may mimic malignant neoplasms. Therefore, distinction from malignancy is essential. Herein, we report a case of cutaneous myoepithelioma presenting similarly to Ewing sarcoma, with small round blue cells and an EWSR1 rearrangement. Our case highlights the important morphologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic features of this benign basaloid cutaneous tumor.
The improved health utility of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg compared with placebo in the STEP 1‐4 obesity trials
Authors: Bjorner Jakob Bue , Larsen Sara , Lübker Christopher , Holst‐Hansen Thomas
Published: April 2023

Aim

To assess health utility values in the Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity (STEP) 1‐4 trials.

Materials and Methods

The STEP 1‐4 phase 3a, 68‐week, double‐blind randomized controlled trials assessed the efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo in individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or higher or a BMI of 27 kg/m2 or higher and at least one comorbidity (STEP 1, 3 and 4), or a BMI of 27 kg/m2 or higher and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2). Patients received lifestyle intervention plus intensive behavioural therapy in STEP 3. Health‐related quality of life was assessed using the Short Form 36‐item Health Survey version 2 (SF‐36v2) at baseline and week 68. Scores were converted into Short Form Six‐Dimension version 2 (SF‐6Dv2) utility scores or mapped onto the European Quality of Life Five‐Dimension Three‐Level (EQ‐5D‐3L) utility index using UK health utility weights.

Results

At week 68, semaglutide 2.4 mg was associated with minor health utility score improvements from baseline (all trials), while scores for placebo typically decreased. SF‐6Dv2 treatment differences by week 68 for semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo were significant in STEP 1 and 4 (P ≤ .001), but not STEP 2 or 3. EQ‐5D‐3L treatment differences by week 68 for semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo were significant in STEP 1, 2 and 4 (P < .001 for all), but not STEP 3.

Conclusions

Semaglutide 2.4 mg was associated with improvement in health utility scores compared with placebo, reaching statistical significance in STEP 1, 2 and 4.
A facultative mutualism facilitates European seagrass meadows
Authors: de Fouw Jimmy , Holmer Marianne , Beca‐Carretero Pedro , Boström Christoffer , Brice Jessica , Brun Fernando G. , Cruijsen Peter M. J. M. , Govers Laura L. , Garmendia Joxe Mikel , Meysick Lukas , Pajusalu Liina , Richir Jonathan , Robroek Bjorn , Valle Mireia , van der Ven Paul , Eklöf Johan S. , van der Heide Tjisse
Published: April 2023

Coastal ecosystem functioning often hinges on habitat‐forming foundation species that engage in positive interactions (e.g. facilitation and mutualism) to reduce environmental stress. Seagrasses are important foundation species in coastal zones but are rapidly declining with losses typically linked to intensifying global change‐related environmental stress. There is growing evidence that loss or disruption of positive interactions can amplify coastal ecosystem degradation as it compromises its stress mitigating capacity. Multiple recent studies highlight that seagrass can engage in a facultative mutualistic relationship with lucinid bivalves that alleviate sulphide toxicity. So far, however, the generality of this mutualism, and how its strength and relative importance depend on environmental conditions, remains to be investigated. Here we study the importance of the seagrass‐lucinid mutualistic interaction on a continental‐scale using a field survey across Europe. We found that the lucinid bivalveLoripes orbiculatusis associated with the seagrassesZostera noltiiandZostera marinaacross a large latitudinal range. At locations where the average minimum temperature was above 1 °C,L. orbiculatuswas present in 79% of theZosterameadows; whereas, it was absent below this temperature. At locations above this minimum temperature threshold, mud content was the second most important determinant explaining the presence or absence ofL. orbiculatus.Further analyses suggest that the presence of the lucinids have a positive effect on seagrass biomass by mitigating sulphide stress. Finally, results of a structural equation model (SEM) support the existence of a mutualistic feedback betweenL. orbiculatusandZ. noltii.We argue that this seagrass‐lucinid mutualism should be more solidly integrated into management practices to improve seagrass ecosystem resilience to global change as well as the success of restoration efforts.
Eco‐evolutionary factors that influence its demographic oscillations in Prochilodus costatus (Actinopterygii: Characiformes) populations evidenced through a genetic spatial–temporal evaluation
Authors: Ludwig Sandra , Pimentel Juliana da Silva Martins , Cardoso Resende Leonardo , Kalapothakis Evanguedes
Published: April 2023

The human activity impact on wild animal populations is indicated by eco‐evolutionary and demographic processes, along with their survival and capacity to evolve; consequently, such data can contribute toward enhancing genetic‐based conservation programs. In this context, knowledge on the life‐history and the eco‐evolutionary processes is required to understand extant patterns of population structure in Prochilodus costatus a Neotropical migratory fish that has been threatened due to loss and fragmentation of its natural habitat since 1960s promoted by the expansion of hydroelectric power plant construction programs. This study evaluated the eco‐evolutionary parameters that cause oscillations in the demography and structure of P. costatus populations. An integrated approach was used, including temporal and spatial sampling, next‐generation sequencing of eight microsatellite loci, multivariate genetic analysis, and demographic life‐history reconstruction. The results provided evidence of the complex interplay of ecological–evolutionary and human‐interference events on the life history of this species in the upper basin. In particular, spawning wave behavior might have ecological triggers resulting in an overlapping of distinct genetic generations, and arising distinct migratory and nonmigratory genetic patterns living in the same area. An abrupt decrease in the effective population size of the P. costatus populations in the recent past (1960–80) was likely driven by environment fragmentation promoted by the construction of the Três Marias hydropower dam. The low allelic diversity that resulted from this event is still detected today; thus, active stocking programs are not effective at expanding the genetic diversity of this species in the river basin. Finally, this study highlights the importance of using mixed methods to understand spatial and temporal variation in genetic structure for effective mitigation and conservation programs for threatened species that are directly affected by human actions.
For richer, for poorer: Financial behaviors, power (im)balance, and relational aggression among different‐gender newlyweds in the U.S.
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Wheeler Brandan E. , James Spencer L. , LeBaron‐Black Ashley B. , Holmes Erin K. , Yorgason Jeremy B.
Published: April 2023

Guided by an intersectional feminism framework, we used three‐wave, dyadic survey data from a nationally representative sample of 1625 U.S. different‐gender newlywed couples to test three research questions. First, as balanced power is considered a key concept for relational well‐being in feminism, we examined developmental trajectories in husbands' and wives' perception of power (im)balance. Second, considering money as a major influence on power and aggression, we examined how financial behaviors relate to power (im)balance and in turn relational aggression—a type of intimate partner violence that is controlling and manipulative in nature. Third, informed by the intersectionality between gender and socioeconomic status (SES), we examined gender differences and SES disparities in the associations among financial behaviors, developmental trajectories of perception of power (im)balance, and relational aggression. Our findings demonstrate that newlywed different‐gender couples are experiencing power struggles, where two partners diminish each other's influence over time. We also found that healthy financial behaviors are associated with balanced power and, in turn, less relational aggression (especially for wives and in lower‐SES households). Taken collectively, we continue calling for efforts to facilitate money management skills and promote balanced marital power.
Shelf break exchange processes influence the availability of the northern shortfin squid, Illex illecebrosus, in the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Salois Sarah L. , Hyde Kimberly J. W. , Silver Adrienne , Lowman Brooke A. , Gangopadhyay Avijit , Gawarkiewicz Glen , Mercer Anna J. M. , Manderson John P. , Gaichas Sarah K. , Hocking Daniel J. , Galuardi Benjamin , Jones Andrew W. , Kaelin Jeff , DiDomenico Greg , Almeida Katie , Bright Bill , Lapp Meghan
Published: April 2023

The United States Northern Shortfin squid fishery is known for its large fluctuations in catch at annual scales. In the last 5 years, this fishery has experienced increased availability of Illex illecebrosus along the Northeast US continental shelf (NES), resulting in high catch per unit effort (CPUE) and early fishery closures due to quota exceedance. The fishery occurs within the Northwest Atlantic, whose complex dynamics are set up by the interplay between the large‐scale Gulf Stream, mesoscale eddies, Shelfbreak Jet, and shelf‐slope exchange processes. Our ability to understand and quantify this regional variability is requisite for understanding the availability patterns of Illex, which are largely influenced by oceanographic conditions. In an effort to advance our current understanding of the seasonal and interannual variability in this species' relative abundance on the NES, we used generalized additive models to examine the relationships between the physical environment and hotspots of productivity to changes in CPUE of I. illecebrosus in the Southern stock component, which comprises the US fishery. Specifically, we derived oceanographic indicators by pairing high‐resolution remote sensing data and global ocean reanalysis physical data to high‐resolution fishery catch data. We identified a suite of environmental covariates that were strongly related to instances of higher catch rates. In particular, bottom temperature, warm core rings, subsurface features, and frontal dynamics together serve as indicators of habitat condition and primary productivity hotspots, providing great utility for understanding the distribution of Illex with the potential for forecasting seasonal and interannual availability.
Closing the life‐history loop: Density effects on fecundity and egg size of an exploited, amphidromous fish (Galaxias maculatus) in freshwater protected areas
Authors: Watson Andrew S. , Hickford Michael J. H. , Schiel David R.
Published: April 2023

Understanding how fecundity and egg size respond to density‐dependent and density‐independent processes is essential for fisheries assessments because it shows managers how exploited populations respond to fishery closures. Similarly, the extent to which density‐dependent and density‐independent processes influence fecundity and egg size in freshwater protected areas (FPAs) is important for determining their conservation potential and effectiveness as a fisheries enhancement strategy.

The fecundity and egg size of 164 sexually matureGalaxias maculatusfemales collected from coastal waterways on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island were determined from a combination of techniques. Specifically, the additive and interactive effects of density, temperature, and body size on fecundity and egg size were examined in 10G. maculatuspopulations across a density gradient mediated by fishery closures and tested for an egg size/fecundity trade‐off.

There was no evidence of an egg size/fecundity trade‐off, or of negative density‐dependent effects on fecundity or egg size within FPAs. Egg size, gonadosomatic index, and water temperature were correlated with latitude.

Fecundity increased with body size, but egg size did not. This highlights the importance of available forage (terrestrial‐ and stream‐based prey) forG. maculatusto maintain individual growth to increase egg production and larval export derived from no‐take FPAs.

For the current network of no‐take FPAs to be more effective as a management tool, efforts should focus on the remediation of in‐stream and requisite riparian spawning habitats, the degradation of which has caused population bottlenecks for this culturally and economically important amphidromous species. The major subsidy from FPAs for theG. maculatusmetapopulation is sustainable egg production if migration to sea of the greatest possible number of larvae can be ensured.
Immune responses to citrullinated and homocitrullinated peptides in healthy donors are not restricted to the HLA SE shared allele and can be selected into the memory pool
Authors: Choudhury Ruhul H. , Daniels Ian , Vaghela Poonam , Atabani Suha , Kirk Thomas , Symonds Peter , Cook Katherine W. , Al‐Omari Abdullah , Weston Daisy , Shah Sabaria , Hutchinson David , Paston Samantha J. , Metheringham Rachael L. , Brentville Victoria A. , Durrant Lindy G.
Published: April 2023

Citrullination and homocitrullination are stress induced post‐translational modifications (siPTMs) which can be recognized by T cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were stimulated with nine siPTM‐peptides. CD45RA/CD45RO depletion was employed to determine if peptide‐specific responses are naïve or memory. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐DP4 and HLA‐DR4 transgenic mice were immunized with siPTM‐peptides and immune responses were determined with ex vivo ELISpot assays. The majority (24 out of 25) of healthy donors showed CD4 T cell‐specific proliferation to at least 1 siPTM‐peptide, 19 to 2 siPTM‐peptides, 14 to 3 siPTM‐peptides, 9 to 4 siPTM‐peptides, 6 to 5 siPTM‐peptides and 4 to 6 siPTM‐peptides. More donors responded to Vim28‐49cit (68%) and Bip189‐208cit (75%) compared with Vim415‐433cit (33%). In RA patients, the presentation of citrullinated epitopes is associated with HLA‐SE alleles; however, we witnessed responses in healthy donors who did not express the SE allele. The majority of responding T cells were effector memory cells with a Th1/cytotoxic phenotype. Responses to Vim28‐49cit and Eno241‐260cit originated in the memory pool, while the response to Vim415‐433cit was naïve. In the HLA‐DP4 and HLA‐DR4 transgenic models, Vim28cit generated a memory response. Peptide‐specific T cells were capable of Epstein–Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid cell line recognition suggesting a link with stress due to infection. These results suggest siPTM‐peptides are presented under conditions of cellular stress and inflammation and drive cytotoxic CD4 T cell responses that aid in the removal of stressed cells. The presentation of such siPTM‐peptides is not restricted to HLA‐SE in both humans and animal models.
Relationship between deep and superficial sensitivity assessments and gait analysis in diabetic foot patients
Authors: Sempere‐Bigorra Mar , Brognara Lorenzo , Julian‐Rochina Iván , Mazzotti Antonio , Cauli Omar
Published: April 2023

Peripheral neuropathy is a prevalent complication of diabetes that can lead to gait impairment and its adverse consequences. This study explored the potential utility of different parameters of gait analysis using a single sensor unit as a simple tool to detect peripheral neuropathy in 85 diabetic patients (DP) with diabetic foot in whom different somato‐sensitivity tests in the feet were performed. Gait spatiotemporal parameters were examined by sensor inertial measurement placed in the lumbar area, while the superficial sensitivity pathway was assessed by nociception tests and deep sensitivity was examined by light touch‐pressure and vibration sensitivity tests. Correlations between each sensory test and gait parameters were analysed in a logistic regression model in order to assess if gait parameters are associated with two different sensory pathways. Impaired deep sensory pathways were significantly (P < .05) correlated with lower gait speed, reduced cadence, smaller stride length, longer stance periods, and a higher risk of falling on the Tinetti Scale, while all gait parameters were significantly (P < .01) correlated with the superficial sensory pathway. Type 2 diabetics have significantly (P < .05) higher impairment in vibratory sensitivity than type 1 diabetics, and the years with diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis have a significant (P < .05) association with reduced vibration sensitivity. These findings indicate relationships between the deep sensory pathway and gait impairments in DP measured by inertial sensors, which could be a useful tool to diagnose gait alterations in DP and to evaluate the effect of treatments to improve gait and thus the risk of falls in diabetic patients.
ChitoHeal gel use on the nasal site for prevention of N95 masks caused pressure injuries: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Fallahi Fariba , Rafiei Hossein , Rashvand Farnoosh , Aali Ehsan
Published: April 2023

Prolonged use of personal protective equipment can cause pressure injuries on the skin. The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of ChitoHeal gel on the nasal site on the prevention of N 95 masks that caused pressure injuries in nurses working in intensive care units. This is a randomised controlled clinical trial that was conducted in 2022. The study sample consisted of 92 nurses working in the intensive care units. A randomised block method was used to allocate the nurses to two equal groups of intervention and control. However, in the intervention group, ChitoHeal gel was applied on nurses' nose bridge. To perform this, the researcher referred to the department during the morning and evening shifts and applied the gel on nurses' nose bridge at the beginning of each shift. Then, the N95 mask was installed on the face by the nurse. Before and at the end of each work shift, the skin in both groups was assessed for any signs of pressure injuries. No significant differences were observed between the two intervention and control groups in terms of demographic variables. The frequency distribution of mask‐caused pressure injuries on nurses' nose bridge in the two groups was analysed using the Chi‐square test (Fisher's exact test). The results showed that after the intervention, it was 0 in the intervention group. However, 4 nurses (8.6%) in the control group developed pressure injuries, and this difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P > .05). The result of the current study showed that the use of ChitoHeal gel is effective in preventing N95 mask‐related pressure injuries. Considering the cheapness and rational global availability of this gel, it seems that its use is an effective strategy in order to prevent N95 mask‐related pressure injuries. Given the lack of studies in this regard, similar studies are strongly recommended to be conducted.
The effect of mobile‐assisted learning in real language attainment: A systematic review
Authors: Figueiredo Sandra
Published: April 2023

Background

As more people around the globe become immigrants or refugees, an increasingly popular subsection of research has aimed to investigate how these populations use mobile‐assisted language learning (MALL) to learn the language(s) of the host country.

Objectives

This study examines how the language learning, inclusion and self‐regulation are moderated by MALL different methods in immigrants and foreigners (with different backgrounds) regarding two settings (foreign language and second language).

Materials and methods

We desired to explore whether MALL results in better language learning for foreigners, refugees and immigrants compared to traditional methods (physical tools) and how various factors affect MALL, such as whether MALL is utilized in a formal versus informal context. Hence, this article conducts a systematic review through a meta‐analysis and thematic analysis of 17 total quantitative and qualitative studies regarding MALL research on immigrants and refugees.

Results and Conclusions

Our results suggested that the MALL method is in general beneficial for second or foreign language learning, but with limitations based on the individual learner (motivations, demographics, etc.) and sociocultural factors, especially within informal contexts (e.g. fear of being seen as an immigrant when using a mobile learning app). Considering the variables that affect MALL that we observed and discussed in our review, we suggest more attention to the specific needs and potential issues refugees and immigrants may encounter when using MALL in order to create mobile applications that best aid this population in learning the host country's language(s), thus making resettlement an easier process.
The impact of artificial intelligence design on pricing
Authors: Asker John , Fershtman Chaim , Pakes Ariel
Published: April 2023

The behavior of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms is shaped by how they learn about their environment. We compare the prices generated by AIs that use different learning protocols when there is market interaction. Asynchronous learning occurs when the AI only learns about the return from the action it took. Synchronous learning occurs when the AI conducts counterfactuals to learn about the returns it would have earned had it taken an alternative action. The two lead to markedly different market prices. When future profits are not given positive weight by the AI, (perfect) synchronous updating leads to competitive pricing, while asynchronous can lead to pricing close to monopoly levels. We investigate how this result varies when either counterfactuals can only be calculated imperfectly and/or when the AI places a weight on future profits. Lastly, we investigate performance differences between offline and online play.
Effectiveness of a web‐based partnership support program for preventing decline in the quality of life of male patients undergoing infertility treatment: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Asazawa Kyoko , Jitsuzaki Mina , Mori Akiko , Ichikawa Tomohiko
Published: April 2023

Aim

During infertility treatment, distress increases and the quality of life declines in both men and women over time. Thus, both men and women need equal support and care. In this study, we aimed to explore the effectiveness of a web‐based partnership support program in preventing quality of life deterioration and reducing emotional distress in men undergoing infertility treatment.

Methods

We conducted a non‐randomized controlled trial involving 151 infertile couples in Japan from January to April of 2022. The program consisted of couple discussion, information provision for couple cooperation, and communication techniques. We used a quasi‐experimental design (non‐equivalence two groups pre‐test and post‐test with comparison) involving purposive sampling. Data were collected using the FertiQoL tool and Distress scales. Analyses were conducted by a two‐way factorial analysis of variance using SPSS software.

Results

Data for the analysis were included for the intervention group (n = 58) and the control group (n = 62) (valid response rate 79.5%). There were no significant interaction effects between program and time in the FertiQoL and Distress scales. However, there were significant interaction effects between program and time in the Relational (p < .001) and Social (p = .044) subscales. Subgroup analysis showed that in the non‐assisted reproductive technologies group, deterioration in the quality of life was more effectively prevented in the intervention group than in the control group.

Conclusions

The web‐based partnership support program appeared to be effective in preventing the deterioration of the quality of life of only men undergoing non‐assisted reproductive technology treatment.
Creating the optimal preoperative nutritional status for neonates undergoing cardiac surgery by implementing a preoperative nutritional support plan
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Liang , Zhou Si‐Jia , Chen Xiu‐Hua , Cao Hua , Chen Qiang
Published: April 2023

Aim

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a preoperative nutritional support programme on improving preoperative nutritional status and promoting postoperative recovery in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods

The clinical data of neonates undergoing cardiac surgery who received preoperative nutritional support therapy in our hospital from March 2021 to December 2021 were collected, and the clinical data of neonates undergoing cardiac surgery who did not receive preoperative nutritional support therapy in our hospital from February 2020 to February 2021 were selected as the control. The nutritional status and postoperative recovery of the two groups were compared.

Results

A total of 30 neonates who received nutritional support before cardiac surgery were included in this study. A total of 28 neonates who did not receive nutritional support before cardiac surgery were included in the control group. There were no significant differences in general information or the nutritional status at birth between the two groups. The duration of nutritional support in the intervention group was 16.8 ± 7.1 days. Before the operation, the intervention group was significantly better than the control group in terms of body weight, albumin, prealbumin and haemoglobin, which indicated that the nutritional status of the intervention group was better than that of the control group. The intensive care time, ventilator time and hospital stay time in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group.

Conclusion

Nutritional support plans after birth for neonates with severe congenital heart disease can effectively improve the nutritional status of patients before surgery and accelerate the speed of postoperative recovery.
Comparative proteome profile of ungerminated spores and mycelium of the fungus Moniliophthora roreri, causal agent of frosty pod rot disease in cacao
Authors: Zugaib Maria , Gramacho Karina Peres , Mares Joise Hander , Camillo Luciana Rodrigues , Ocampo Irma Yuliana Mora , Arevalo‐Gardini Enrique , de Sousa Aurizangela Oliveira , Santos Ariana Silva , de Andrade Edson Mário , Lopes Ícaro Santos , Aguiar Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha , Pirovani Carlos Priminho
Published: April 2023

Moniliasis caused by the fungus Moniliophthora roreri is one of the most destructive cacao diseases in tropical America. In 2021, the presence of the pathogen was confirmed in cacao plantations in Brazil. This is the first proteomic study of the M. roreri protein profile of ungerminated spores and mycelium compared by 2D SDS‐PAGE (Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis) associated with mass spectrometry. A total of 446 spots were detected on ungerminated spores gels and 402 spots on M. roreri mycelial gels. A total of 29 proteins were identified from the ungerminated spores, 21 of them were exclusive, and 53 were identified in the mycelium, 16 of them were exclusive. Most of the identified proteins at both development stages were categorized as being involved in metabolic processes, reduction/oxidation processes, and protein synthesis and folding. The interaction networks observed expand the known interactions of these proteins, resulting in eight functional clusters for proteins identified in ungerminated spores and seven clusters for mycelial proteins. In addition, a biological model of ungerminated spores and mycelium with cell location of proteins was constructed. The results contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic mechanisms of M. roreri during dormancy and vegetative development, which can support future studies for strategies to control moniliasis.
Calcitriol combined with fish oil in the diet of Chukar partridge can ameliorate laying performance by improving oviduct histomorphometry and functions
Authors: Abdollahi Arman , Akhlaghi Amir , Zamiri Mohammad Javad , Kargar Shahryar , Ansari Pirsaraei Zarbakht , Nasrollahi Banafsheh , Kamali Younes
Published: April 2023

The effects of calcitriol (CT) and/or fish oil (FO) on performance, oviposition time, sex ratio and morphology of the reproductive system of laying Chukar partridges were studied. Female (n = 48) and male (n = 16) partridges were used in a completely randomised design using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and were randomly allocated to either of four experimental treatments with four cage replicates of three females and one male each. Female birds received no FO (CON − FO) or were orally administered with 0.2 mL (0.24 g)/500 g body weight FO (CON + FO) or 0.2 mL solution containing 10 µg CT (CT − FO), or their combination (CT + FO) for 42 successive days. The eggs were collected every two hours between 07:00 and 23:00 h. Administering FO along with CT had considerably increasing effect on the male‐biased sex ratio. FO and CT administration interacted to increase serum calcium concentration. Experimental treatments increased the number of leucocytes and erythrocytes. Serum cholesterol was decreased in CON + FO partridges compared with those of the CT − FO and CON − FO birds. There was an interaction between FO and CT on the weight of eggs and hatchlings, number of medium white follicles, diameter and the number of small yellow follicles, the weight and diameter of the fifth follicles (F5), and thickness of secondary mucosal folds in both uterus and vagina. Administering CT alone or with FO increased the feed intake, egg production, oviductal weight, diameter and number of large yellow follicles, the weight and diameter of the second (F2) and first (F1) follicles compared with those of the CON – FO females. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms by which such changes in the sex ratio skew, ovary and oviduct are mediated.
Evaluation of a snail trap prototype for monitoring the intermediate gastropod hosts of Bolbophorus spp. in commercial catfish ponds of the southeastern United States
Authors: Richardson Bradley M. , Reifers J. Grant , Walker Charles M. , Byars Todd S. , Mischke Charles C. , Griffin Matt J. , Wise David J.
Published: April 2023

Bolbophorus damnificus is a digenetic trematode causing significant economic losses within the United States commercial catfish industry. The indirect life cycle is complex, requiring piscivorous birds, aquatic snails, and fish to complete. With federal protections on many piscivorous birds and no FDA‐approved therapeutic treatment for trematode infections in fish, management within the catfish industry is primarily limited to controlling the snail host. Planorbella trivolvis and Biomphalaria havanensis are snails commonly found in commercial catfish ponds and known to transmit B. damnificus. This study evaluated a low‐cost snail trap prototype for monitoring populations of these snails in efforts to better inform treatment regimes. Snail traps were deployed into ponds on a commercial catfish farm and checked weekly throughout the production season. All snails were identified and counted to evaluate trap efficacy. Traps captured significantly more snails in foodfish ponds than in fingerling ponds; however, this trend was not present in monthly box samples. B. havanensis was rarely collected and was only found consistently within one pond, while P. trivolvis was routinely collected from all ponds, although abundance varied widely among ponds. Snail traps could be a useful, low‐cost method to monitor snail populations within ponds and better inform control treatments.
Football, Mysticism, Thomistic Poetics
Authors: Belleza Jose Isidro
Published: April 2023

This essay will especially consider the role of the cogitative power and affectivity in the formation of vocal utterances, showing how the Thomistic account of the integration of passion with reason provides a fascinating apparatus for assessing different uses of language—from the Eucharistic hymns of Aquinas, to the poetry of his Franciscan contemporaries Bonaventure and Iacopone da Todi, and even live sports commentary. The insights developed here, moreover, are not stand‐alone reflections on language but hold consequences both for the moral life and for a proper construal of mystical union. By drawing out these further consequences of Aquinas's doctrine, we suggest the continuing relevance of Thomistic metaphysics and anthropology to concerns both contemporary and popular.
The effects of a sensory stimulation intervention for preventing delirium in a surgical intensive care unit: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liang Surui , Chau Janita Pak Chun , Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Choi Kai Chow , Bai Liping , Cai Wenzhi
Published: April 2023

Background

Despite extensive efforts and advances in developing and fostering evidence‐based delirium prevention interventions, the incidence of delirium remains high in hospitalized patients. Evidence suggests that sensory stimulation is a core component in interventions to prevent delirium among critically ill patients. However, its impact on the occurrence and outcomes of delirium is poorly understood.

Aim

To evaluate the effects of a sensory stimulation intervention on preventing delirium in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU).

Study Design

A prospective, assessor‐blind, parallel‐group randomized controlled trial. Adult patients were recruited from a surgical ICU of one tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China. Participants in the intervention group received a daily 30‐min auditory and visual stimulation session for a week, taking into consideration the participants' predefined condition and intervention protocol. The primary outcomes were delirium incidence and delirium‐free days, and the secondary outcomes were delirium duration, severity and the first occurrence of delirium. Demographic and clinical data were collected at recruitment, and delirium was assessed three times a day for seven consecutive days using Confusion Assessment‐ICU.

Results

One hundred and fifty‐two participants were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. For primary outcomes, there were fewer patients with delirium in the intervention group than in the control group (10 vs. 19, risk ratio = 0.53), although statistical significance was not reached. The result showed that there were longer delirium‐free days among participants in the intervention group than in the control group (3.66 vs. 2.84, p = .019). For secondary outcomes, the intervention could significantly reduce delirium duration (1.70 ± 0.82 vs. 4.53 ± 2.74 days, p = .004) and delirium severity (3.70 ± 1.25 vs. 5.68 ± 1.57, p = .002). The Kaplan–Meier curve showed the intervention group had a significantly delayed first occurrence of delirium compared with the control group (p = .043).

Conclusions

The study did not provide significant evidence to support that sensory stimulation could reduce the incidence of delirium, but significant difference on delirium‐free days.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study provides evidence‐based practice for clinical healthcare providers to adopt the sensory stimulation protocol to prevent delirium, significantly reducing delirium duration and severity.
Aristotle on unity in Metaphysics Z.12 and H.6
Authors: Peramatzis Michail
Published: April 2023

Aristotle's inquiry into the definitional question “what is substance?” in the central books of the Metaphysics is constrained by the unity requirement. Roughly, a particular hylomorphic compound substance, such as this human, ought to be a unified whole and not just a heap of material parts and form. A similar claim applies to the substance‐kind, human, which Metaphysics ΖΗΘ characterises as a hylomorphic compound taken universally. I raise the following question about this picture of unity: Is a compound's unity basic or is it derived from the form's unity? Reading closely Metaphysics Z.12 and H.6, I argue that the form is explanatorily basic for the compound's unity.