bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HHO Methods for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes and the Incompressible Euler Equations
Authors: Botti Lorenzo , Massa Francesco Carlo
Published: June 2022

We propose two Hybrid High-Order (HHO) methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and investigate their robustness with respect to the Reynolds number. While both methods rely on a HHO formulation of the viscous term, the pressure-velocity coupling is fundamentally different, up to the point that the two approaches can be considered antithetical. The first method is kinetic energy preserving, meaning that the skew-symmetric discretization of the convective term is guaranteed not to alter the kinetic energy balance. The approximated velocity fields exactly satisfy the divergence free constraint and continuity of the normal component of the velocity is weakly enforced on the mesh skeleton, leading to H-div conformity. The second scheme relies on Godunov fluxes for pressure-velocity coupling: a Harten, Lax and van Leer approximated Riemann Solver designed for cell centered formulations is adapted to hybrid face centered formulations. The resulting numerical scheme is robust up to the inviscid limit, meaning that it can be applied for seeking approximate solutions of the incompressible Euler equations. The schemes are numerically validated performing steady and unsteady two dimensional test cases and evaluating the convergence rates on h-refined mesh sequences. In addition to standard benchmark flow problems, specifically conceived test cases are conducted for studying the error behaviour when approaching the inviscid limit.
PDE-based surface reconstruction in automotive styling design
Authors: Wang Shuangbu , Xia Yu , You Lihua , Zhang Jianjun
Published: June 2022

Surface reconstruction is an important part in automotive styling design. Existing reconstruction methods mainly rely on the proficiency of digital modelers who manually modify the surface shape to approximate the scanned data. Apart from manual modifications, the reconstructed surfaces cannot well reflect the design intent of designers since the feature curves of clay models have not been preserved accurately. In this paper, we propose a partial differential equation (PDE) based surface reconstruction method to analytically generate optimal surfaces with Cn continuity under the constraint of the feature curves. The proposed method accurately preserves automotive feature curves and achieves automatic reconstruction of Class-A surfaces without time-consuming manual work. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a number of experiments that reconstruct main parts of automotive exteriors.
Making Sense of Uncertainty in the Science Classroom
Authors: Rosenberg Joshua M. , Kubsch Marcus , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan , Dogucu Mine
Published: June 2022

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in science, but scientific knowledge is often represented to the public and in educational contexts as certain and immutable. This contrast can foster distrust when scientific knowledge develops in a way that people perceive as a reversals, as we have observed during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on research in statistics, child development, and several studies in science education, we argue that a Bayesian approach can support science learners to make sense of uncertainty. We provide a brief primer on Bayes’ theorem and then describe three ways to make Bayesian reasoning practical in K-12 science education contexts. There are a) using principles informed by Bayes’ theorem that relate to the nature of knowing and knowledge, b) interacting with a web-based application (or widget—Confidence Updater) that makes the calculations needed to apply Bayes’ theorem more practical, and c) adopting strategies for supporting even young learners to engage in Bayesian reasoning. We conclude with directions for future research and sum up how viewing science and scientific knowledge from a Bayesian perspective can build trust in science.
Urban Family Planning in Sub-Saharan Africa: an Illustration of the Cross-sectoral Challenges of Urban Health
Authors: Harpham Trudy , Tetui Moses , Smith Robert , Okwaro Ferdinand , Biney Adriana , Helzner Judith , Duminy James , Parnell Susan , Ganle John
Published: June 2022

The multi-sectoral nature of urban health is a particular challenge, which urban family planning in sub-Saharan Africa illustrates well. Rapid urbanisation, mainly due to natural population increase in cities rather than rural–urban migration, coincides with a large unmet urban need for contraception, especially in informal settlements. These two phenomena mean urban family planning merits more attention. To what extent are the family planning and urban development sectors working together on this? Policy document analysis and stakeholder interviews from both the family planning and urban development sectors, across eight sub-Saharan African countries, show how cross-sectoral barriers can stymie efforts but also identify some points of connection which can be built upon. Differing historical, political, and policy landscapes means that entry points to promote urban family planning have to be tailored to the context. Such entry points can include infant and child health, female education and employment, and urban poverty reduction. Successful cross-sectoral advocacy for urban family planning requires not just solid evidence, but also internal consensus and external advocacy: FP actors must consensually frame the issue per local preoccupations, and then communicate the resulting key messages in concerted and targeted fashion. More broadly, success also requires that the environment be made conducive to cross-sectoral action, for example through clear requirements in the planning processes’ guidelines, structures with focal persons across sectors, and accountability for stakeholders who must make cross-sectoral action a reality.
A new economical storage technique for strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in vitro
Authors: Paynter Michelle L.
Published: June 2022

Strawberry plants grown in vitro are typically stored and maintained on agar containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and sucrose as a carbohydrate source. This method of storing strawberry plants in vitro is expensive and time consuming, requiring sub-culturing onto fresh media every 2 to 3 mo. This study aimed to establish the viability of using a substrate alternative as an economical replacement for MS media, for both long-term storage in vitro and ease of transfer (ex vitro). A protocol was developed for strawberry in vitro using commercially available sterilized peat pellets (Jiffy-7® pellets), to optimize culture conditions and tissue culture practices. Suitability of the peat substrate was measured by the plant’s overall response to culture in vitro and subsequent health and survival ex vitro following deflasking. Included in this study was a comparison of the use of vented vs non-vented tissue culture vessels for their effect on plant development and survival in vitro and ex vitro. The results show that strawberry plants can be grown and stored under in vitro conditions in vented vessels without sub-culturing for up to 3 yr or more. This equates to an approximately eightfold more efficient technique, significantly decreasing cost of storing and maintaining strawberry plants in vitro. Furthermore, plants grown in the peat substrate did not multiply, and had more established secondary roots than those grown in the conventional MS media.
Explaining Higher-order Defeat
Authors: Tiozzo Marco
Published: June 2022

Higher-order evidence appears to have the ability to defeat rational belief. It is not obvious, however, why exactly the defeat happens. In this paper, I consider two competing explanations of higher-order defeat: the “Objective Higher-Order Defeat Explanation” and the “Subjective Higher-Order Defat Explanation.” According to the former explanation, possessing sufficiently strong higher-order evidence to indicate that one’s belief about p fails to be rational is necessary and sufficient for defeating one’s belief about p. I argue that this type of explanation is defective or at best collapses into the other type of explanation. According to the latter explanation, Believing that one’s belief about p fails to be rational (in response to higher-order evidence about p) is necessary and sufficient for defeating one’s belief about p. I argue that this type of explanation is better suited to explain higher-order defeat given that what one is rational to believe partly depends on the relations among one’s doxastic attitudes. Finally, I address an peculiar feature of the Subjective Higher-Order Defeat Explanation: higher-order defeat becomes contingent on one’s response to the higher-order evidence.
A modified Halpern-proximal point method for approximating solutions of mixed equilibrium and fixed point problems in Hadamard spaces
Authors: Aremu K. O. , Aphane M. , Ibrahim A. H. , Oyewole O. K.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we introduce and study a modified Halpern-type proximal point algorithm which comprises a finite family of resolvents of mixed equilibrium problems and a finite family of k-demimetric mappings. We prove that the algorithm converges strongly to a common solution of a finite family of mixed equilibrium problems, which is also a common fixed point of a finite family of k-demimetric mappings in a Hadamard space. Furthermore, we give a numerical example of our algorithm to show the applicability of our algorithm.
A Hybrid Optimization Algorithm for Water Volume Adjustment Problem in District Heating Systems
Authors: Han Yi , Pan Pengfei , Lv Hexin , Dai Guoyong
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, the winter is getting harsher and harsher in Northern China. Thus, the centralized heating systems (CHSs) are playing even more irreplaceable, essential and critical roles in ensuring general public’s livelihood than never ever before. CHSs are normally composed of one or several combined heat and power (CHP) plants (units) and an extensive vein like district heating networks (DHNs) connecting with chemical plants, paper mills, food processing factories, hospitals, hotels, universities, prisons and residential complexes. A CHP plant in Northern China usually consumes coal to heat the cold water into steam to drive high-pressure turbines and low pressure turbines to generate electricity. Then the low-temperature steam is used to heat up the cold water in a main pipe into hot water travelling through the DHNs to provide heat to each end nodes. The returned water will be heated again for reuse and the surplus steam will be released into air through cooling towers. In 2020, China promised to the world that carbon dioxide will peak in 2030 and net-zero emission will happen in 2060. On the one hand, CHP plants need to guarantee enough hot water flowing within each household’s heating radiator. On the other hand, they should cut down on the consumption on non-renewable resources. Lowering water temperature, adjusting water volume and reducing water pressure will all contribute to energy-saving purpose. Lowering water temperature and reducing water pressure may cause too much heat losses during long-distance transmission in frigid winter. Therefore, a reasonable water volume adjustment becomes an advisable action comparatively. Here, we transfer the hot water supply volume optimization problem (HWSVOP) into a heat exchange station (HES) valve angle adjustment problem (SHWESVAAP). Then, a multi-objective mathematical model is established considering balancing the satisfactory degree of each household in residential quarters and the hot water volume (HWV) in the main pipe. And a hybrid polar bear optimization algorithm integrated with chemical reaction optimization (HA-PBO-CRO) is designed to optimize the valve angle (VA) in each HES. The comparative results between HA-PBO-CRO and non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm (NSGAII) demonstrate HA-PBO-CRO is superior to NSGAII with better Pareto frontiers on one hand and provide a critical reference supporting the management in a CHP plant to make a right decision on what to do to cut energy consumption while satisfying customers’ needs.
A Dynamical Approach to Position Vector of Timelike Curve by Vectorial Momentum, Torque and Tangential Dual Curve
Authors: Yavuz Ayşe
Published: June 2022

In this study, the position vector of a timelike curve$$\wp$$℘is stated by a linear combination of its Serret Frenet frame with differentiable functions. The definition of tangential dual curve of the curve$$\wp$$℘is stated by using these differentiable functions. Moreover, tangential torque curve of timelike curve$$\wp$$℘is defined and investigated. New dynamically and physical results are stated depending on the torque of the timelike curve$$\wp$$℘and the direction of the tangent vector component of the curve. Then, the position vector of a timelike W curve is again stated by differentiable functions. Therefore, solutions of differential equation of the position vector of timelike W curve with two different types depending on the values of curvature and torsion of timelike curve are obtained. By using the differentiable functions obtained as a result of these solutions, tangential dual and torque curve of the timelike W curve are obtained. Depending on the tangential dual and torque curve of the timelike W curve, results are given for two different cases separately.
Suicide risk among undergraduate students in Brazil in the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the SABES-Grad national survey
Authors: Demenech Lauro Miranda , Neiva-Silva Lucas , Brignol Sandra Mara Silva , Marcon Samira Reschetti , Lemos Sônia Maria , Tassitano Rafael Miranda , Dumith Samuel C.
Published: June 2022

Background

Undergraduate students present high rates of psychological distress, including suicide risk. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this scenario may have been aggravated. Thus, the objective of the current study was to evaluate changes in the suicide risk rate from the period before to during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the factors associated with this outcome among Brazilian undergraduate students.

Methods

This was a nationwide survey carried out in Brazil with a cross-sectional design, including two data collection periods: a single-center in-person collection in 2019 and another multicenter online collection in 2020/2021. Data were collected using self-administered instruments. The outcome was a high risk of suicide, measured through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Analyses were carried out on data from two periods, i.e. before and during the pandemic (bivariate analysis and interaction tests), and a model of associated factors (multivariate analysis using Poisson regression) was developed including all participating universities distributed in the five regions of Brazil.

Results

In total, 6716 Brazilian undergraduate students participated (996 in 2019 and 5720 in 2020/2021). The prevalence of a high suicide risk rose from 11.3% to 17.0%, especially among women and poorer individuals. The prevalence of a high risk of suicide among Brazilian undergraduates was 19.6% and was associated with several socioeconomic, academic, pandemic, and mental health factors.

Conclusions

The prevalence of a high suicide risk increased from prepandemic to during the pandemic, appearing to be largely influenced by social determinants, in conjunction with the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic.
JAMES BUCHANAN, GORDON TULLOCK, AND THE “RADICALLY IRRESPONSIBLE” ONE PERSON, ONE VOTE DECISIONS
Authors: Kuehn Daniel
Published: June 2022

James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock took a keen interest in the United States Supreme Court’s reapportionment decisions of the 1960s, which established a “one person, one vote” standard for state legislative apportionment. This paper traces the long arc of Buchanan and Tullock’s opposition to the “one person, one vote” standard.The Calculus of Consentoffers a highly qualified efficiency argument against “one person, one vote,” but over time Buchanan and Tullock grew even more vocally critical of the decisions. Buchanan ultimately advocated a constitutional amendment overturning “one person, one vote” in a private set of recommendations to Congressional Republicans. This paper additionally assesses Tullock’s 1987 complaint that scholars and judges neglectedThe Calculus of Consent’s analysis of reapportionment. A review of the reapportionment literature between 1962 and 1987 demonstrates that whileThe Calculus of Consentwas frequently cited, the literature generally ignored its analysis of the efficiency of apportionment standards.
BERNOULLI ACTIONS OF TYPE III WITH PRESCRIBED ASSOCIATED FLOW
Authors: Berendschot Tey , Vaes Stefaan
Published: June 2022

We prove that many, but not all, injective factors arise as crossed products by nonsingular Bernoulli actions of the group
$\mathbb {Z}$
. We obtain this result by proving a completely general result on the ergodicity, type and Krieger’s associated flow for Bernoulli shifts with arbitrary base spaces. We prove that the associated flow must satisfy a structural property of infinite divisibility. Conversely, we prove that all almost periodic flows, as well as many other ergodic flows, do arise as associated flow of a weakly mixing Bernoulli action of any infinite amenable group. As a byproduct, we prove that all injective factors with almost periodic flow of weights are infinite tensor products of
$2 \times 2$
matrices. Finally, we construct Poisson suspension actions with prescribed associated flow for any locally compact second countable group that does not have property (T).
Learning lessons about lesson-learning: Covid complexity
Authors: Paton Calum
Published: June 2022

In the article, ‘Learning Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic’, Powell (2022) rightly implies that there is a profusion of confusion in the ‘industry’ which has grown up around lesson-learning from the pandemic. His contribution sets out a helpful framework for classifying or making attempts at lesson-learning. He combines the tripartite classification of inadequate approaches to policy-learning and policy transfer developed 30 years ago by Dolowitz and Marsh (‘uninformed-incomplete-inappropriate’), which he inverts to produce a classification of approaches which are informed, complete and appropriate, with the framework of ‘outcome-mechanism-context’ from realistic evaluation. (I use the term realistic rather than realist, as the latter implies an epistemological stance as opposed to what was intended, which is that evaluation takes account of complexity in a realistic manner.) This produces a classification, and possibly an ‘ideal type’, of informed outcomes, complete mechanisms and appropriate context. Powell rightly implies that no overall conclusion is available from the literature reviewed. He does however imply that different approaches may work in different settings. This is true in one sense but misleading in another. This commentary argues that such ‘relativism’ is not only dangerous in practice but mistaken in theory.
Judicial Interpretation of Tort Law inMilieudefensiev.Shell: A Rejoinder
Authors: Mayer Benoit
Published: June 2022

In her response to my case comment in this issue ofTransnational Environmental Law, Laura Burgers purports to disagree with my analysis on two points. Firstly, she suggests that we disagree on the method that a court should use to interpret the duty of care of corporations on climate change mitigation. Secondly, she disagrees with each of the four inconsistencies that I identify in the decision by the District Court of The Hague (the Netherlands) inMilieudefensiev.Royal Dutch Shell. In this rejoinder, I respectfully disagree with her characterization of our disagreement.
Interplay Between Urbanization and Irrigation on Summer Climate in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, China
Authors: Cui Fengqi , Hamdi Rafiq , He Huili , Yuan Xiuliang , Yang Tao , Tang Haiping , Wang Bojie , Zhang Qin , Termonia Piet , De Maeyer Philippe
Published: June 2022

This study investigates how the individual and combined effects of urbanization and irrigation affect summer climate using convection‐permitting regional climate model simulations with/without urbanization or irrigation over the Huang‐Huai‐Hai plain (3HP). We found that (a) In dramatic urban expansion areas, T2max, T2avg, and T2min increased by 0.53, 0.43, and 0.40°C, respectively. Urbanization influenced the net radiation (RN), sensible heat flux (H), latent heat flux (LE), and ground flux (GF) by 1.08, 9.58, −10.69, and 0.59 W/m2 (b) Over the irrigated area, T2max, T2avg, and T2min significantly decreased by −1.50, −1.30, and −1.16°C. The RN, LE significantly increased by 10.06 W/m2, 28.40 W/m2, while H and GF decreased by 19.44 and 1.19 W/m2. (c) The combined effect of urbanization and irrigation decreased T2max, T2avg, and T2min by −0.84, −0.77, and −0.71°C. The RN, LE significantly changed by 4.93 and 27.84 W/m2, while H and GF declined by 18.65 and 1.28 W/m2. (d) Urbanization significantly decreased the total precipitation by 0.04 mm/day, while irrigation and the combined effect increased the total precipitation by 0.12 and 0.16 mm/day. Urbanization and irrigation have more influence on the extreme precipitation than on the summer mean precipitation. (e) Specific humidity (Q) changes at high altitude (>2 km) are mainly controlled by thermodynamic changes, while at a low level, Q changes depended on the evapotranspiration, sea‐land breeze, and surface roughness.
Oxidative, epigenetic changes and fermentation processes in the intestine of rats fed high-fat diets supplemented with various chromium forms
Authors: Dworzański Wojciech , Cholewińska Ewelina , Fotschki Bartosz , Juśkiewicz Jerzy , Ognik Katarzyna
Published: June 2022

The aim of the study was to determine how feeding rats a high-fat diet (F) supplemented with various forms of chromium affects the responses of the immune and redox systems, as well as epigenetic changes in the ileal tissue and the course of fermentation processes in the caecum. The rats received a pharmacologically relevant dose 0.3 mg Cr/kg body weight in form of chromium(III) picolinate (Cr-Pic), chromium (III)-methionine (Cr-Met), or chromium nanoparticles (Cr-NPs). The F increased DNA oxidation and raised the level of interleukin IL-6. The F was shown to reduce the intensity of fermentation processes in the caecum while increasing the activity of potentially harmful enzymes in the faeces. The addition of Cr in the form of Cr-NPs and Cr-Met in rats fed F beneficially increased mobilization of enzymes of the DNA repair pathway. All forms of Cr, but especially Cr-NPs, beneficially decreased the activity of caecal bacterial β-glucuronidase, faecal β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase. However, due to the increase in level of cytokine IL-2 in small intestinal wall, induced by all tested forms of chromium, it is difficult to state conclusively that this element can mitigate unfavourable pro-inflammatory and oxidative changes induced by a F in the small intestinal wall.
Deletion in chromosome 6 spanning alpha-synuclein and multimerin1 loci in the Rab27a/b double knockout mouse
Authors: Pattanayak Rudradip , Underwood Rachel , Crowley Michael R. , Crossman David K. , Morgan Jennifer R. , Yacoubian Talene A.
Published: June 2022

We report an incidental 358.5 kb deletion spanning the region encoding for alpha-synuclein (αsyn) and multimerin1 (Mmrn1) in the Rab27a/Rab27b double knockout (DKO) mouse line previously developed by Tolmachova and colleagues in 2007. Western blot and RT-PCR studies revealed lack of αsyn expression at either the mRNA or protein level in Rab27a/b DKO mice. PCR of genomic DNA from Rab27a/b DKO mice demonstrated at least partial deletion of the Snca locus using primers targeted to exon 4 and exon 6. Most genes located in proximity to the Snca locus, including Atoh1, Atoh2, Gm5570, Gm4410, Gm43894, and Grid2, were shown not to be deleted by PCR except for Mmrn1. Using whole genomic sequencing, the complete deletion was mapped to chromosome 6 (60,678,870–61,037,354), a slightly smaller deletion region than that previously reported in the C57BL/6J substrain maintained by Envigo. Electron microscopy of cortex from these mice demonstrates abnormally enlarged synaptic terminals with reduced synaptic vesicle density, suggesting potential interplay between Rab27 isoforms and αsyn, which are all highly expressed at the synaptic terminal. Given this deletion involving several genes, the Rab27a/b DKO mouse line should be used with caution or with appropriate back-crossing to other C57BL/6J mouse substrain lines without this deletion.
Estimating population norms for the health-related quality of life of adults in southern Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhou Liang , Chu Jiadong , Sun Na , Chen Xuanli , Liu Siyuan , Shen Yueping
Published: June 2022

Although national health-related quality of life population norms had been published based on the EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-levels scale, China is a vast country with diverse cultural and social development in various regions. Therefore, regional population norms may better reflect the health status of residents in a given area. The purpose of the study was to derive the HRQoL population norm for adult general population in southern Jiangsu Province using the EQ-5D-5L scale and explore potential influencing factors. The data were based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in Liyang City from March 2019 to July 2020. EQ-5D-5L utility scores based on Chinese value set and EQ-VAS scores were used to assess HRQoL. The Tobit regression model and generalized linear model were performed to identify the association among potential covariates and HRQoL. The means (95% confidence interval) of the EQ-5D-5L utility scores and EQ-VAS scores were 0.981(0.980–0.983) and 83.6(83.2–83.9), respectively. Younger people (≤ 40 years old) were more likely to experience problems with anxiety or depression. Additionally, women had lower HRQoL scores although multivariate analysis found no statistical difference between the sexes. Lower HRQoL was associated with advanced age, lower socioeconomic status, no spouse, lack of regular physical activities, smoking cessation, and chronic non-communicable diseases. Subjects who declared that they were afflicted by diseases presented significantly lower utility scores, ranging from 0.823 (0.766–0.880) for memory-related diseases to 0.978 (0.967–0.989) for hepatic diseases. Regional population norms of HRQoL are needed in the health economic study owing to the great socioeconomic differences across regions in China. The present study provides HRQoL population norms for adults in southern Jiangsu. These norm values could help policy makers better allocate limited health resources and prioritize service plans.
Flexure and shear response of an impulsively loaded rigid-plastic beam by enhanced linear complementarity approach
Authors: Khan Azam , Tariq Moiz , Ullah Asad , Khan Niaz B. , Jameel Mohammed
Published: June 2022

The linear complementarity approach has been utilized as a systematic and unified numerical process for determining the response of a rigid-plastic structure subjected to impulsive loading. However, the popular Lemke Algorithm for solving linear complementarity problems (LCP) encounters numerical instability issues whilst tracing the response of structures under extreme dynamic loading. This paper presents an efficient LCP approach with an enhanced initiation subroutine for resolving the numerical difficulties of the solver. The numerical response of the impulsively loaded structures is affected by the initial velocity profile, which if not found correctly can undermine the overall response. In the current study, the initial velocity profile is determined by a Linear Programming (LP) subroutine minimizing the energy function. An example of a uniform impulsively loaded simply supported beam is adduced to show the validity and accuracy of the proposed approach. The beam is approximated with bending hinges having infinite resistance to shear. Comparison of the numerical results to the available closed-form solution confirms the excellent performance of the approach. However, a subsequent investigation into a beam having the same support conditions and the applied loading, but with bending and shear deformation, results in numerical instability despite optimizing the initial velocity profile. Thus a more generic description of kinetics and kinematics is proposed that can further enhance the numerical efficiency of the LCP formulation. The ensuing numerical results are compared with the available close form solution to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the developed approach.
The combined effect of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake on decreasing cognitive decline in older Taiwanese adults
Authors: Wang Richard Szewei , Wang Bing-Long , Huang Yu-Ni , Wan Thomas T. H.
Published: June 2022

The factors associated with cognitive decline among older adults include physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. However, the long-term effects of concomitant physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake are unknown. This 16-year longitudinal study explored the joint effect of mitigating cognitive decline in a cohort of older Taiwanese individuals. Five population-based surveys (Taiwan Longitudinal Survey on Aging [1999–2015]) involving 4440 respondents over 53 years old in 1999 were conducted. Cognitive function was assessed using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). The demographic, socioeconomic, health-related, behavioral, and disease status covariates were adjusted in the regression analysis. Trends in cognitive decline were observed over 16 years. The risk of cognitive decline decreased by 63% when high physical activity and high fruit and vegetable intake were combined (odds ratio 0.37; 95% confidence interval 0.23–0.59), indicating a potential combined effect of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake on mitigating cognitive decline. These personal actions are safe, effective, and economical approaches to health promotion and disease prevention.
Microbial isolates with Anti-Pseudogymnoascus destructans activities from Western Canadian bat wings
Authors: Forsythe Adrian , Fontaine Nick , Bissonnette Julianna , Hayashi Brandon , Insuk Chadabhorn , Ghosh Soumya , Kam Gabrielle , Wong Aaron , Lausen Cori , Xu Jianping , Cheeptham Naowarat
Published: June 2022

Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) is the causative agent of white-nose syndrome, which has resulted in the death of millions of bats in North America (NA) since 2006. Based on mortalities in eastern NA, the westward spread of infections likely poses a significant threat to western NA bats. To help prevent/reduce Pd infections in bats in western NA, we isolated bacteria from the wings of wild bats and screened for inhibitory activity against Pd. In total, we obtained 1,362 bacterial isolates from 265 wild bats of 13 species in western Canada. Among the 1,362 isolates, 96 showed inhibitory activity against Pd based on a coculture assay. The inhibitory activities varied widely among these isolates, ranging from slowing fungal growth to complete inhibition. Interestingly, host bats containing isolates with anti-Pd activities were widely distributed, with no apparent geographic or species-specific pattern. However, characteristics of roosting sites and host demography showed significant associations with the isolation of anti-Pd bacteria. Specifically, anthropogenic roosts and swabs from young males had higher frequencies of anti-Pd bacteria than those from natural roosts and those from other sex and age-groups, respectively. These anti-Pd bacteria could be potentially used to help mitigate the impact of WNS. Field trials using these as well as additional microbes from future screenings are needed in order to determine their effectiveness for the prevention and treatment against WNS.
Order to disorder in quasiperiodic composites
Authors: Morison David , Murphy N. Benjamin , Cherkaev Elena , Golden Kenneth M.
Published: June 2022

From quasicrystalline alloys to twisted bilayer graphene, the study of material properties arising from quasiperiodic structure has driven advances in theory and applied science. Here we introduce a class of two-phase composites, structured by deterministic Moiré patterns, and we find that these composites display exotic behavior in their bulk electrical, magnetic, diffusive, thermal, and optical properties. With a slight change in the twist angle, the microstructure goes from periodic to quasiperiodic, and the transport properties switch from those of ordered to randomly disordered materials. This transition is apparent when we distill the relationship between classical transport coefficients and microgeometry into the spectral properties of an operator analogous to the Hamiltonian in quantum physics. We observe this order to disorder transition in terms of band gaps, field localization, and mobility edges analogous to Anderson transitions — even though there are no wave scattering or interference effects at play here.
Imaging mass spectrometry differentiates the effects of doxorubicin formulations on non-targeted tissues
Authors: Debeljak Željko , Vinković Vrček Ivana , Drinković Nikša , Micek Vedran , Galić Emerik , Gorup Dunja , Ćurlin Marija , Mandić Dario , Bandjak Ana , Pem Barbara , Kalčec Nikolina , Ilić Krunoslav , Pavičić Ivan , Mimica Suzana , Günday-Türeli Nazende , Türeli Emre
Published: June 2022

Imaging mass spectrometry indicated a wide range of chemical disturbances in a model of non-targeted organs of rats treated with different formulations of doxorubicin and enabled the differentiation of drug formulation-specific effects.
Ionization cross sections in collisions between two hydrogen atoms by a quasi-classical trajectory Monte Carlo model
Authors: Al Atawneh Saed J. , Tőkési K.
Published: June 2022

The hydrogen-hydrogen collision system is studied employing a four-body quasi-classical trajectory Monte Carlo model of Kirschbaum and Wilets (QCTMC-KW, C. L. Kirschbaun and L. Wilet, Phys. Rev. A: At., Mol., Opt. Phys., 1980, 21, 834).
Insight into the effects of calcination temperature on the structure and performance of RuO2/TiO2 in the Deacon process
Authors: Li Siyao , Xu Bowen , Wang Yuexia , Liu Yupei , Lu Xinqing , Ma Rui , Fu Yanghe , Wang Shuhua , Zhou Liyang , Zhu Weidong
Published: June 2022

With an appropriate calcination temperature for preparing a rutile-TiO2 supported RuO2 catalyst, rich surface RuO2 species can be formed on TiO2, leading to its high activity in the oxidation of HCl.
Steric and electronic effects in latent S-chelated olefin metathesis catalysts
Authors: Alassad Nebal , Nechmad Noy B. , Phatake Ravindra S. , Reany Ofer , Lemcoff N. Gabriel
Published: June 2022

In this work, the structure, latency, and activity of twelve sulfur-chelated ruthenium precatalysts were studied by systematically varying their ligand shell.
Utilizing the energy transfer mechanism to realize color tunable luminescence
Authors: Zhu Shuang-Yin , Zhao Dan , Zhang Rui-Juan , Fan Yan-Ping , Liu Wen
Published: June 2022

By using the Bi3+ → Eu3+ energy transfer mechanism, color tunable luminescence from cyan, through white to orange, and finally to red can be successfully realized.
Changes to lung surfactant monolayers upon exposure to gas phase ozone observed using X-ray and neutron reflectivity
Authors: Hemming Joanna M. , Szyroka Justyna , Shokano Gracia , Arnold Thomas , Skoda Maximilian W. A. , Rennie Adrian R. , Thompson Katherine C.
Published: June 2022

Lung surfactant at the air water interface reacts with ozone leading to changes in surface tension, film thickness, structure.
A comparative study between olive oil and corn oil on oxidative metabolism
Authors: Drehmer Eraci , Navarro-Moreno Mari Ángeles , Carrera-Juliá Sandra , Moreno Mari Luz
Published: June 2022

Fats are an important part of diet, but not all lipids have the same structure and chemical properties.
Analysis and suppression of scattering interference for arsenic using dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry based on an ultraviolet digital micromirror device spectrometer
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Si Liuzhen , Li Chunsheng , Zhou Zhiheng , Tian Di
Published: June 2022

A combination of UV-DMD-AFS and NFLR methods has been successfully used in the real-time suppression of scattering interference for arsenic, achieving long-term accuracy >99.20% (within 3 hours) in water quality samples.
Three angular Zn2Dy complexes showing the effect of remote coordination at Zn and counter ions on slow magnetic relaxation at Dy centres
Authors: Panja Anangamohan , Jagličić Zvonko , Herchel Radovan , Brandão Paula , Pramanik Kuheli , Jana Narayan Ch.
Published: June 2022

Three isostructural Zn2Dy complexes displaying the effect of remote coordination at Zn and counter ions on slow magnetic relaxation at Dy centres.
Porphyrin-decorated ZnO nanowires as nanoscopic injectors for phototheragnosis of cancer cells
Authors: Choi Sunyoung , Lee Jooran , Lee Kangmin , Yoon Seok Min , Yoon Minjoong
Published: June 2022

Newly synthesized protoporphyrin-decorated ZnO-nanowires exhibited optical waveguided and photodynamic properties to be useful nanoscopic injectors for photo-theragnosis of cancer cells.
Self-assembly of a 5-fluorouracil and camptothecin dual drug dipeptide conjugate
Authors: Sun Yuan , Fry Cathleen M. , Shieh Aileen , Cai Xiangchen , Reardon Thomas J. , Parquette Jon R.
Published: June 2022

A self-assembled, nanotube carrier for the delivery of 5-Fu and CPT that retains nanostructural stability following initial drug release is reported. Two release profiles were observed: rapid release of 5-FU, followed by sustained production of CPT.
Nitrogen-doped carbon derived from horse manure biomass as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Panomsuwan Gasidit , Hussakan Chadapat , Kaewtrakulchai Napat , Techapiesancharoenkij Ratchatee , Serizawa Ai , Ishizaki Takahiro , Eiad-ua Apiluck
Published: June 2022

This work shows the potential utilization of horse manure as a precursor for synthesizing nitrogen-doped carbons for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction.
Layer-by-layer coating of MIL-100(Fe) on a cotton fabric for purification of water-soluble dyes by the combined effect of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Lee Suhyun , Ahn Soyeon , Lee Halim , Kim Jooyoun
Published: June 2022

A MIL-100(Fe)-based water purifying textile that functions by dual action of adsorption and photocatalytic activity is designed via a layer-by-layer process without using toxic organic solvents.
Engineering colloidally stable, highly fluorescent and nontoxic Cu nanoclusters via reaction parameter optimization
Authors: Busi Kumar Babu , Kotha Jyothi , Bandaru Shamili , Ghantasala Jyothi Priyanka , Haseena Sheik , Bhamidipati Keerti , Puvvada Nagaprasad , Ravva Mahesh Kumar , Thondamal Manjunatha , Chakrabortty Sabyasachi
Published: June 2022

A facile synthetic strategy to engineer improved fluorescent quantum yield, colloidally stable, and low toxic Cu nanoclusters is introduced. These nanoclusters have the potential to be used as excellent bioimaging probes.
Effectiveness of the Therapy Program for Management of Chronic Cough: Preliminary Data From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ribeiro Vanessa Veis , Lopes Leonardo Wanderley , de Medeiros Camila Macêdo Araújo , da Silva Allan Carlos França , de Medeiros Neto Agostinho Hermes , Behlau Mara
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the Therapy Program for Management of Chronic Cough (TMCC) in laryngeal sensations and symptoms related to the cough in individuals with chronic refractory cough (CRC).

Method:

This research is a randomized double-blind clinical trial (Register Number: RBR-4m6x29). Eleven participants were allocated to two groups by parallel randomization: The Experimental Group—consisting of six individuals who underwent the TMCC; and the Control Group—consisting of five individuals who underwent the Comprehensive Vocal Rehabilitation Program (CVRP). Two primary outcomes were analyzed: self-perception of laryngeal sensations (Newcastle Laryngeal Hypersensitivity Questionnaire [LHQ-Br]) and self-perception of symptoms of upper airway-related cough (Cough Severity Index [CSI-Br]). The two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the evaluation moments and intervention groups. For multiple comparisons, the Tukey test with Bonferroni correction was used. To evaluate the effect size, eta partial square was used.

Results:

There was no difference between groups for any outcomes analyzed. There was a statistically significant difference with a large effect size for the moment factor in all outcomes. A statistically significant difference was observed with a large effect size for the interaction effect between group and moment for LHQ-Br total and CSI-Br psychological and functional.

Conclusions:

The TMCC and CVRP were effective for the rehabilitation of CRC, considering the viewpoint of the subject. The TMCC improved laryngeal sensations and psychological and functional symptoms, while CVRP was relevant to improve psychological and functional symptoms in individuals with CRC.
Research on calculated method for space electric field around HVDC transmission lines with buildings nearby
Authors: Liu Yingyi , Li Zhuqing , Wan Baoquan , Zhang Liang , Yuan Haiwen , Lai Jing
Published: June 2022

High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission technology has incomparable advantages in long‐distance and large‐capacity transmission. With the development of HVDC transmission technology, transmission lines inevitably pass through some densely populated and economically developed areas. Due to environmental considerations, the space electric field around the buildings that are adjacent to HVDC transmission lines has aroused increasing attention. However, it is hard to be predicted by simulation because of the calculation complexity. This paper proposed a new calculated method to obtain the composite electric field around HVDC transmission lines with adjacent residential buildings, and the validity and correctness of the method are verified by the experimental results. Then, the distortion of the electric field around the building and its impact on the design of the safe corridor width of the HVDC transmission line is analyzed. The proposed method, unlike existing methods, can be used to predict the space composite electric field distribution around HVDC transmission lines and their adjacent residences, which are of arbitrary material, shape, and size. It can provide guide for the optimal design of transmission line corridors.
Diagnostik und Therapie des Reizdarmsyndroms vom Diarrhö- und
Mischtyp
Authors: Mirgeler Bettina , Pour Toktam , Sina Christian
Published: June 2022

Symptome wie Diarrhö, Meteorismus und abdominale Schmerzen sind im
klinischen Alltag häufig. Die Ursache ist oft das Reizdarmsyndrom (RDS).
Während die Pathogenese noch unklar ist, wird die Pathophysiologie
zunehmend besser verstanden. Im klinischen Alltag stellt die Diagnostik und
Therapie des RDS eine große Herausforderung dar. Die heterogene
Symptomatik und der Mangel an validierten Biomarkern erfordert eine umfassende
Differenzialdiagnostik 1.
Was hat die Ernährung mit der Wundheilung zu tun?
Authors: Renner Regina , Erfurt-Berge Cornelia
Published: June 2022

Bei einer Störung im Ablauf der Wundheilung kann es zu einem verzögerten oder fehlenden Wundverschluss kommen. Als ein möglicher Störfaktor gilt die Ernährung. Man muss zwischen quantitativer und qualitativer Mangelernährung unterscheiden. Gerade übergewichtige Patienten leiden oft an einer qualitativen Mangelernährung und Sarkopenie.

Spezifische Erkrankungen machen eine entsprechende diätetische Nahrungsempfehlung notwendig. So findet man bei dialysepflichtigen Patienten, Dekubitus-Patienten und Ulcus cruris-Patienten oft einen Eiweißmangel. Auch niedrige Level an Vitamin C, Zink, Folsäure, Vitamin D oder Spurenelementen können die Wundheilung negativ beeinflussen.

Größere prospektive Studien sollten klären, ob eine Substitution dieser Mangelzustände den gewünschten positiven Effekt auf die Wundheilung hat. Es erscheint aber sinnvoll, eine ausgewogene Ernährung und an die individuellen Ernährungsgewohnheiten angepasste Verbesserung der Aufnahme von Vitaminen, Spurenelementen und Eiweißen anzustreben.
Zusammenhang zwischen selbstberichteter körperlicher
Aktivität gemäß nationaler Bewegungsempfehlungen und
mentaler Gesundheit Studierender
Authors: Müller Carsten
Published: June 2022

Studien haben wiederholt auf eine hohe Beschwerdelast Studierender hingewiesen
und Hochschulen veranlasst, sich zunehmend im studentischen
Gesundheitsmanagement zu engagieren, das darauf abzielt,
gesundheitsfördernde Strukturen zu entwickeln sowie individuelle
Ressourcen im Setting Hochschule zu fördern. Die körperliche
Aktivität und mentale Gesundheit Studierender stellen hierfür
Ansatzpunkte dar. International zeigen sich eindeutige Zusammenhänge
zwischen dem Bewegungsverhalten Studierender und der psychischen Gesundheit,
jedoch liegen bisher nur wenige nationale Erhebungen vor, was die
Übertragbarkeit auf die deutsche Hochschullandschaft
einschränkt. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, wie in dieser Zielgruppe die
aktuellen Bewegungsempfehlungen, bestehend aus den Kategorien
ausdauerorientierte körperliche Aktivitäten, Sitzzeiten und
muskelkräftigende Aktivitäten, mit verschiedenen Indikatoren
mentaler Gesundheit zusammenhängen.

Im Sommersemester 2019 nahmen 4.244 Studierende an einer hochschulweiten Umfrage
teil. Neben dem Bewegungsverhalten wurden das Stresserleben erhoben und
Screenings auf Kernelemente einer depressiven und angstbezogenen Störung
sowie auf eine psychische Belastung durchgeführt. Positive Aspekte
mentaler Gesundheit wurden über eine Skala zur Beurteilung studentischen
Engagements erfasst. Als Assoziationsmaß wurden adjustierte Odds Ratios
unter Berücksichtigung soziodemografischer und behavioraler
Störvariablen berechnet.

Sämtliche Kriterien der Bewegungsempfehlungen werden von 9,6% der
Studierenden erreicht. 48% der Befragten weisen ein hohes Stresserleben
auf und 29% gelten als psychisch belastet. Das Befolgen aller Kriterien
der Bewegungsempfehlungen ist mit signifikant geringeren Chancen für
psychische Belastungsindikatoren assoziiert, wobei der stärkste
Zusammenhang für depressive Symptome gefunden wurde. Studentisches
Engagement war nicht signifikant mit dem Erreichen der Bewegungsempfehlungen
assoziiert.

Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die hohe psychische Belastung Studierender und
deuten das Optimierungspotenzial aus Sicht der Bewegungsförderung an.
Hochschulen sollten die Studienbedingungen und das Gesundheitsverhalten der
Studierenden systematisch und fortlaufend analysieren, um geeignete verhaltens-
und verhältnisorientierte Maßnahmen wie bewegungsorientierte
Lehre, Campusentwicklung und Ausbau des Hochschulsportangebots abzuleiten und zu
evaluieren.