bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing The Impact of A Restrictive Opioid Prescribing Law in West Virginia
Authors: Sedney Cara L. , Khodaverdi Maryam , Pollini Robin , Dekeseredy Patricia , Wood Nathan , Haggerty Treah
Published: September 2020

Background: The Opioid Reduction Act (SB 273) took effect in West Virginia in June 2018. This legislation limited ongoing chronic opioid prescriptions to 30 days’ supply, and first-time opioid prescriptions to 7 days’ supply for surgeons and 3 days’ for emergency rooms and dentists. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of this legislation on reducing opioid prescriptions in West Virginia, with the goal of informing future similar policy efforts. Methods: Data were requested from the state Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) including overall number of opioid prescriptions, number of first-time opioid prescriptions, average daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME) and prescription duration (expressed as “day’s supply”) given to adults during the 64 week time periods before and after legislation enactment. Statistical analysis was done utilizing an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) interrupted time series analysis to assess impact of both legislation announcement and enactment while controlling secular trends and considering autocorrelation trends. Benzodiazepine prescriptions were utilized as a control.Results: Our analysis demonstrates a statistically significant decrease in overall state opioid prescribing as well as average daily MME associated with the date of the legislation’s enactment when considering serial correlation in the time series and accounting for pre-intervention trends. There was no such association found with benzodiazepine prescriptions.Conclusion: Results of the current study suggest that SB 273 was associated with an average 22.1% decrease of overall opioid prescriptions and a small overall decrease of average daily MME relative to the date of legislative implementation in West Virginia. There was, however, no association of the legislation on first-time opioid prescriptions or days’ supply of opioid medication, and all variables were trending downward prior to implementation of SB 273. The control demonstrated no relationship to the law.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Radial Artery Cannulation Guided by Modified Long Axis Ultrasound Versus Short Axis Ultrasound Versus Palpation
Authors: Wang Jiebo , Zhang Liangcheng , Zhao Zisong , Lai Zhongmeng , Huang Qijian , Su Jiansheng , Wu Guohua , Liu Junle , Weng Xianfeng
Published: September 2020

Background: Given the low first-pass success rate of the conventional short-axis (SAX) or long-axis (LAX) approach, ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation in adults with radial artery diameters less than 2.2 mm may still be challenging. In this study, we compare the efficacy of modified long-axis in-plane(M-LAIP) versus short-axis out-of-plane (SAOP) or conventional palpation(C-P) approaches for ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized and controlled trial, conducted from 1 July 2018 to 24 November 2018. A total of 201 patients (age 18 to 85 years, the diameter of the radial artery less 2.2 mm) were included. All patients were randomized 1:1:1 to the M-LAIP, SAOP or conventional palpation (C-P) approach. The primary outcome was the cannulation success rate. Secondary outcomes included first location time and cannulation time, number of attempts. The Chi-square (χ2) test was used to compare categorical data between 3 groups.Results: The cannulation success rate was significantly higher in the M-LAIP group than in the SAOP or C-P groups (first success rate: 80.3% vs 53.8% or 33.8%; p < 0.001; total success rate: 93.9% vs 78.5% or 50.8%; p < 0.001). First location time (seconds) was significantly longer in the M-LAIP group (31(28-35[12-44])) than in the SAOP (15(14-17[10-21]); p < 0.001) and C-P groups (12(8-13.5 [6-37]). However, the cannulation time (seconds) in the M-LAIP group (29(24-45[16-313])) was significantly shorter than that in the SAOP (45(28.5-135.5[14-346]); p = 0.002) and the C-P groups (138(27-308[12-363]); p < 0.001). The number of attempts was lower in the M-LAIP group compared with SAOP or C-P group (1.29±0.63 vs 1.8±0.89 or 2.22±0.93, p < 0.001).Conclusions: The use of the M-LAIP approaches significantly improved the success rate of radial artery cannulation in adults with radial artery diameters less than 2.2 mm, compared with that achieved with the use of traditional short-axis out-of-plane approach.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; No: ChiCTR-IOR-17011474; URL: http: // www. chictr.org. cn/index.aspx. Registered 24 June 2018.
Metacognition and Emotional Regulation as Treatment Targets in Binge Eating Disorder: A Network Analysis Study
Authors: Aloi Matteo , Rania Marianna , Carbone Elvira Anna , Caroleo Mariarita , Calabrò Giuseppina , Zaffino Paolo , Nicolò Giuseppe , Carcione Antonino , Coco Gianluca Lo , Cosentino Carlo , Segura-Garcia Cristina
Published: September 2020

Background: This study aims to examine the underlying associations between eating, affective and metacognitive symptoms in patients with binge eating disorder (BED) through network analysis (NA), in order to identify key variables that may be considered the target for psychotherapeutic interventions. Methods: One hundred and fifty-five patients with BED completed measures of eating psychopathology, affective symptoms, emotion regulation and metacognition. A cross-sectional network was inferred by means of Gaussian Markov random field estimation using graphical LASSO and extended Bayesian information criterion (EBIC-LASSO), and central symptoms of BED were identified by means of the strength centrality index. Results: Impaired self-monitoring metacognition and difficulties on impulse control emerged as the symptoms with the highest centrality. Conversely, eating and affective features were less central. The centrality stability coefficient of strength was above the recommended cut-off, thus indicating the stability of the network. Conclusions: According to present NA findings, impaired self-monitoring metacognition and difficulties on impulse control are the central nodes in the psychopathological network of BED while eating symptoms appear marginal. If further studies with larger samples replicate these results, metacognition and impulse control could represent new targets of psychotherapeutic interventions in the treatment of BED. In light of this, Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT) could be a promising aid in clinical practice to develop an effective treatment for BED.
Clinical significance of microRNA-320a and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in early-onset preeclampsia patients
Authors: Liao Guilian , Chen Danling , Li Juan , Hu Shaona
Published: September 2020

Background
Currently, there is no reliable method to effectively predict and diagnose early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE). microRNAs (miRs) are powerful and promising biomarkers in multiple diseases, including EOPE. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of miR-320a in EOPE.
Methods
Expressions of miR-320a and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in serum of EOPE patients and normal pregnant women were detected. The clinical diagnostic efficacy of miR-320a and IGF-1R for EOPE was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve. The correlation between miR-320a expression and EOPE clinical indicators [mean arterial pressure (MAP), 24-h urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine (SCR), uric acid (UA), albumin (ALB) and platelet count] was analyzed. The correlation and binding relationship between miR-320a and IGF-1R was predicted and verified.
Results
miR-320a was upregulated, and IGF-1R was downregulated in EOPE patients with their differential expressions more obvious in severe EOPE than mild EOPE. miR-320a and IGF-1R possessed potent clinical diagnostic efficacy for EOPE. miR-320a expression showed a positive correlation with MAP, 24-h urinary protein excretion, UA and SCR levels, and a negative correlation with ALB level and platelet count in EOPE patients. Moreover, miR-320a targeted IGF-1R.
Conclusion
We demonstrated that miR-320a was aberrantly elevated in EOPE and showed powerful clinical diagnostic efficacy for EOPE, which may be achieved by directly targeting IGF-1R. This study provided great reference values for EOPE early diagnosis and novel targets for EOPE treatment.
Less Airway Inflammation and Goblet Cell Metaplasia in an IL-33-Induced Asthma Model of Leptin-Deficient Obese Mice
Authors: Kurokawa Atsushi , Kondo Mitsuko , Arimura Ken , Ashino Shigeru , Tagaya Etsuko
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAsthma with obesity is a phenotype of severe asthma. Leptin exerts an immunomodulatory effect and its level is increased in obesity. IL-33 is associated with innate immunity and induces type 2 inflammation, and is present in adipose tissue. However, the role of IL-33 and leptin in obesity-associated asthma is not fully understood. We examined the effect of IL-33 on eosinophilic inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, and airway responsiveness in leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) and wild-type mice, and examined the effect of exogenous leptin pretreatment. MethodsIn ob/ob and wild-type mice, IL-33 was instilled intranasally on three consecutive days. In part of the animals, leptin was injected intraperitoneally prior to IL-33 treatment. The mice were challenged with methacholine and resistance of the respiratory system (Rrs) was measured using the forced oscillation technique. Cell differentiation, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin, KC in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and histology of the lung were analyzed. For the in vitro study, NCI-H292 cells were stimulated with IL-33 in the presence or absence of leptin, and MUC5AC levels were measured by ELISA. ResultsOb/ob mice showed greater baseline Rrs than wild-type mice. IL-33 and IL-33 with leptin did not enhance Rrs challenged with methacholine compared to non-treatment in ob/ob mice, whereas IL-33 with leptin enhanced Rrs in wild-type mice. Ob/ob mice showed less IL-33-induced eosinophil numbers, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin, and KC levels in BALF and eosinophilic infiltration around bronchi and goblet cell metaplasia than wild-type mice, but leptin pretreatment attenuated these changes in ob/ob mice. MUC5AC levels were increased by co-stimulation with IL-33 and leptin in vitro . ConclusionsLeptin plays an important role in IL-33-induced inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia in the airway, but obesity per se increases airway hyperresponsiveness independent of inflammation. These results explain some aspects of the pathogenesis of obesity-related asthma.
Encotyllabe spari do not live in Brazil: Morphological and molecular evidence confirm two new species of Encotyllabe (Monogenea: Capsalidae) from Brazil
Authors: Taborda Naraiana L. , Sepulveda Fabiola A. , Luque Jose L. , Escribano Ruben , Oliva Marcelo Enrique
Published: September 2020

BackgroundCurrently, 24 species of Encotyllabe Diesing, 1850 (Monogenea: Capsalidae) are listed in WoRMS, but the validity of many species has been questioned due to deficient or incomplete descriptions. On the other hand, almost all species in the genus have been described from one host species or closely related host species, suggesting host specificity, but other species, specifically Encotyllabe spari Yamaguti, 1934, have been reported at least from 19 species belonging to nine families in two orders (Perciformes and Scorpaeniformes) from Japan, the Arabian Gulf and Brazil. Concerning Brazilian records of Encotyllabe spari (but also as Encotyllabe cf. spari); seven host species belonging to four families and two orders have been reported as hosts for this species. The aim of this study was to describe two new species of Encotyllabe from Brazil, previously considered as E. spari.MethodsDuring 2016, we examined specimens of Orthophristis ruber (Cuvier) (Haemulidae) and Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus) (Sparidae) caught off the coast of Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by local fishermen. Specimens of Encotyllabe were collected from the pharyngeal plates of the hosts. Morphological and morphometric (multivariate analysis of proportional measurements standardized by total length) and molecular analysis (LSU rRNA and cox1 gene) were performed in order to identify the collected monogenea. ResultsThe presence of two new species of Encotyllabe, Encotyllabe yamagutii n. sp. and Encotyllabe haemuli n. sp., parasitizing the pharyngeal plates of Pagrus pagrus and Orthopristis ruber, respectively, is strongly suggested by the three approaches used in this study. The main morphological differences from the most related species include a combination of body size, shape of the penis, and size and position of the testes.ConclusionsSpecimens of Encotyllabe, hitherto recorded as E. spari or E. cf. spari, belong to two new species. Our results suggest that the host specificity for members of Encotyllabe and specimens registered as E. spari, other than those from the original description, must be revisited.
Dynamics of the layered earthen cloth timber-carrying roads.
Authors: Миляев А.С.
Published: September 2020

Представлена математическая модель для динамического прочностного расчета конструкций лесовозных дорог на слоистом земляном полотне с целью повышения надежности и долговечности.

Динамическая реакция земляного полотна определяется при действии на жесткий штамп, расположенный на поверхности полотна, движущейся нагрузки, имитирующей перемещение транспорта. Расчеты выполняются методом конечных элементов.

Обосновывается применение метода конечных элементов для расчета переходных динамических процессов в слоистом земляном полотне.

Методика расчета построена на конкретном примере слоистого земляного полотна.

Строится ряд решений динамической задачи при изменяющейся скорости движения нагрузки по штампу. Отношения вертикальных динамических и статической составляющих перемещений штампа дают коэффициенты динамичности земляного полотна в зависимости от скорости движения нагрузки.

The mathematical model for dynamic strength calculation of designs timber-carrying roads to a layered earthen cloth is submitted with the purpose of increase of reliability and durability.

Dynamic reaction of an earthen cloth is defined at action on the rigid stamp located on a surface of a cloth, the moving loading simulating moving of transport. Calculations are carried out by a finite elements method.

Application of a finite elements method for calculation of transitive dynamic processes in a layered earthen cloth is proved.

The design procedure is constructed on a concrete example of a layered earthen cloth.

A line of decisions of a dynamic problems is under construction at changing speed of movement of loading on a stamp. Relations of the vertical dynamic and static displacements, making movings of a stamp, give factors of dynamism of an earthen cloth depending on speed of movement of loading.
Optimization of design parameters of "body work - motoshassi" for grinding of soil vegetation
Authors: Мясищев Д.Г. , Путинцев С.А.
Published: September 2020

Рассматривается постановка задача оптимизации конструктивных параметров активного роторного рабочего органа для измельчителя напочвенных растительных покровов, например, в садах, лесопарковых хозяйствах и на территориях газонов.

Особенно данное направление актуально в условиях малых предприятий и фермерских хозяйств. В этих производственных структурах работники имеют интерес эксплуатировать как можно меньше базовых шасси с транспортными и энергетическими функциями, и в то же время как можно больше технологических машин на их основе.

Кроме того, само базовое шасси должно быть креативным в широком смысле. То есть обладать потенциалом, характеризующимся готовностью к реализации принципиально новых технических идей.

Эти подходы должны отличатся от традиционных или принятых схем мышления, и входящие в структуру механизированной системы в качестве независимого фактора, а также способность дальнейшего разностороннего развития.

Важен при этом и фактор привлечения молодых эксплуатационников.

Учитывая отмеченные подходы в качестве шасси исследуемого агрегата, предлагаются образцы современной мототехники (2-1, 2-2).

Покров рассматривается как биомасса, состоящая из разнообразных компонентов, прежде всего опавшие листья, стебли растений, мелкие сучья древостоя, мелкодисперсные растительные фрагменты верхнего слоя почвы. Процесс предполагает нулевую обработку почвы.

Представленная в статье информация иллюстрируется конкретным техническим решением, которое находится в стадии практической реализация.

The article discusses the problem of optimizing the formulation of the design parameters of the active rotary working body for the chopper ground vegetation, for example in the gardens, the forest park farms and lawns areas.

Especially this trend relevant in the context of small businesses and farms. In these structures, industrial workers have an interest to operate as little as possible the basic chassis with transport and energy functions, and at the same time as much as possible of technological machines based on them.

This very, the base chassis itself is to be creative in the broadest sense. That is, have the capacity, characterized by willingness to implement a fundamentally new technical idea.

These approaches should differ from traditional or accepted thinking schemes, and included in the mechanical structure of the system as an independent factor, as well as the ability to further diversifying.

What is important in this case and the factor attracting young operatives.

Given the marked approaches as the test unit chassis, offered samples of modern motorcycles (2-1, 2-2).

Cover is treated as biomass, which consists of various components, first of all fallen leaves and plant stalks, small branches growing, fine vegetable pieces of topsoil. The process involves zero tillage.

Presented in the article information is illustrated by specific technical solution, which is in the stage of practical implementation.
Concept of regeneration and forest management in sparsely forest-poor regions.
Authors: Минниханов Р.Н. , Мусин Х.Г.
Published: September 2020

Разработана и внедрена концепция воспроизводства и лесопользования в малолесных регионах. В основе концепции лежит этапность выполнения комплекса лесохозяйственных мероприятий. Как начальный импульс появление и накопление самосева ели и пихты под пологом мягколиственных лесов на первом этапе продолжительностью 30–40 лет, позволяет с незначительными экономическими затратами получить в последующем наибольший экологический эффект во всем природном комплексе. При максимальном сохранении появившегося подроста и его дальнейшем накоплении и росте на втором этапе с внедрением приемлемых здесь вариантов сплошнолесосечных, постепенных, выборочных рубок и рубок ухода за лесами формируются лиственные насаждения с подростом ели и пихты. На третьем этапе комплексными рубками формируются лиственные древостои со вторым ярусом хвойных. Четвертый этап – окончательный. В сформировавшемся хвойно-лиственном древостое комплексными рубками поддерживается разновозрастность древостоя. Общая продолжительность этапов ограничивается 60–70 годами. Как в теоретическом плане, так и в практическом аспекте концепция имеет свойственные только ей отличительные черты, охватывающие сложный комплекс взаимосвязанных и взаимообусловленных внутренних связей леса и внешних их проявлений. Управление ими и является задачей рационального и неистощительного пользования лесами.

Developed and implemented the concept of reproduction and forest management in sparsely wooded areas. The concept is the stages of implementation of the complex of forestry activities. As the initial impetus to the emergence and accumulation of self-seeding spruce and fir under a canopy of softwood forests in the first stage, lasting 30–40 years, and allows a minor economic cost to obtain the subsequent greatest environmental effect in the whole natural complex. With the maximum preservation of undergrowth appearing and its further accumulation and growth at the second stage with the introduction of acceptable options here clear, gradual, selective logging and thinning in forests formed of deciduous vegetation, with undergrowth of spruce and fir. In the third stage integrated logging a deciduous forest stands are formed with the second coniferous layer. Fourth stage the final. In established coniferous-deciduous forest integrated logging is supported by the uneven stand. The total duration of stages is limited to 60–70 years. In theoretical terms, and in practical aspect of the concept has peculiar only to her features, covering a complex set of interrelated and interdependent internal relationships of the forest and their external manifestations. Management is rational and sustainable management of forests.
CENTROS DE CULTURA NA CIDADE DE DOURADOS/MS
Authors: De Oliveira Brito Leonardo , Solidade da Silva Wilker
Published: September 2020

A ação cultural direcionada em espaços de arquitetura representa uma das respostas políticas para estruturação de identidades culturais vinculadas com modos de expressão intelectual e/ou artística. Diante disso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar projeções de ações culturais no programa arquitetônico dos Centros de Cultura, representados pelo Espaço Cultural Guaraoby e Centro de Artes e Esportes Unificados, implantados na cidade de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul. O estudo parte de uma abordagem qualitativa com pesquisa de campo para levantamento de equipamentos culturais públicos, a partir da integração de três critérios: o acesso ao conhecimento (biblioteca), o modo operativo da arte (oficinas e laboratórios), e espaços para convivência e discussão (anfiteatro e exposições). Como amostra, foi realizado os dois estudos de caso a partir de visitas exploratórias para analisar suas características em três eixos interpretativos: condições do lugar, aspectos funcionais e a cultura que engloba. Como resultado, a investigação apresentou um desdobramento em modalidades culturais que oferecem atividades variadas, sendo que, para atendê-las, a arquitetura deveria possibilitar novas consequentes áreas físicas ou as atividades teriam que se adaptar aos ambientes multiuso, como acontece em ambos os casos apresentados. Nesse cenário, observa-se que as ações culturais apresentam manifestações específicas conforme o estudo de caso analisado, o que interfere em projeções sobre a arquitetura, de modo que a comunidade dinamiza decisões que correspondem com necessidades pertinentes para cada situação.
ENTREVISTA À ARQUITETA NAIA ALBAN
Authors: Veloso Maísa , Alban Naia
Published: September 2020

Apresenta a entrevista realizada pela editora-chefe dessa Revista à arquiteta e professora baiana Naia Alban, no âmbito da série Mulheres Arquitetas, Parte I: Arquitetas Nordestinas.
Apresentação
Authors: Lima Clóvis Ricardo Montenegro de , Lisboa Armando de Melo
Published: September 2020

Apresentação
A pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil
Authors: Bufrem Leilah Santiago
Published: September 2020

Este artigo destaca informações como argumentos em defesa da manutenção e aprimoramento da estrutura pública de apoio aos serviços de saúde, de modo especial, diante da emergência da pandemia do novo coronavírus e da urgência de ações para conter a disseminação da Covid 19. Analisa a conjuntura, a partir de seus atores, dos acontecimentos e das relações nela presentes, argumentando que a produção e a comunicação científicas são fatores cruciais para compreender a doença e seus efeitos, na busca de soluções possíveis, se não efetivas ao menos redutoras de riscos. Aponta para a iminência de um desmonte total das estruturas públicas, pós pandemia, com a retomada do processo de privatização, suspenso temporariamente devido às necessidades urgentes de sua manutenção e uso. No atual contexto de capitalismo perverso, aliado a uma política intimidatória do conhecimento científico, do pensamento crítico, dos movimentos sociais e das ações coletiva; o fortalecimento das estruturas públicas de informação, educação e saúde é crucial para a superação da crise.
A contribuição da Geografia Médica e da Saúde na pandemia do COVID 19
Authors: Castro Marta Rocha de
Published: September 2020

A Geografia da saúde é uma disciplina que faz uso dos conceitos geográficos para trabalhar com os determinantes de saúde e doença e as influências dos aspectos sociais, ambientais, econômicos e culturais na saúde de determinada população. O Texto traz uma reflexão acerca da importância da Geografia da Saúde durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus, especificamente na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Consideramos que todo o processo de pandemia no Brasil foi marcado pelo negacionismo em relação a doença e a ciência, fato esse que agravou o quadro de contaminados e de mortos pela ausência de políticas públicas eficientes que estimulassem medidas preventivas que minimizassem a disseminação da doença
Corona and the commons
Authors: Bauwens Michel
Published: September 2020

The article addresses an important stage that the pandemic brought to the transition of the transition from the “old” to the “new” ways of organising Society. Points to an attitude emerging from changes. The Corona crisis, despite weaknesses and errors, has shown what can be done and how quickly institutions can adapt and change their choices, since life is at stake and, therefore, its legitimacy. This process towards ‘partner state’ practices and public-commons protocols will not be automatic, and will be an alternative to a coercive and authoritarian state-centric model, which could be one of the negative outcomes of this crisis.
Curcumin and its Multi-target Function Against Pain and Inflammation: An Update of Pre-clinical Data
Authors: Uddin Shaikh Jamal , Hasan Md. Fahim , Afroz Mohasana , Sarker Dipto Kumer , Rouf Razina , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Shilpi Jamil A. , Mubarak Mohammad S.
Published: September 2020

Pain is an unpleasant sensation that has complex and varying causative etiology. Modern drug discovery focuses on identifying potential molecules that target multiple pathways with a safer profile compared to those with a single target. The current treatment of pain and inflammation with the available therapeutics has a number of major side effects. Pain is one of the major clinical problems that need functional therapeutics which act on multiple targets and with low toxicity. Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound from Curcuma longa, has been used for years in Ayurvedic, Chinese, and in many other systems of traditional medicine. Pre-clinical data published thus far demonstrated that curcumin possesses multi-target biological functions, suggesting its potential use to cure different diseases. However, there is no or very brief systematic review of its potential use in pain and inflammation with underlying mechanisms for such activities. Accordingly, the aim of the current review was to update the pre-clinical data of curcumin and its multiple targeting pathways for analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and to further propose a molecular mechanism(s). A literature study was conducted using different known databases, including Pubmed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Available pre-clinical data suggest the ameliorating effect of curcumin in pain and inflammation is rendered through the modulation of pain pathways, including inhibition of a number of pro-inflammatory mediators, inhibition of oxidative stress and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), down-regulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-depend protein kinase II (CaMKIIα) and calcium channels like transient receptor potential (TRP), modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor-2 (mGlu2), modulation of monoamine system, inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, remodeling of extracellular matrix proteins, inhibition of apoptosis, inhibition of JNK/MAPK and ERK/CREB signaling pathway, and activation of the opioid system. Taken all together, it is evident that curcumin is one of the promising, safe, and natural polyphenolic molecules that target multiple molecular pathways in pain and can be beneficial in the treatment and management of pain and inflammation.
A Comprehensive Review on Cross-talk of Human Papilloma Virus Oncoproteins and Developmental/Self-Renewal Pathways During the Pathogenesis of Uterine Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ahmad Afza , Ansari Irfan Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Cervical cancer, cancer arising from the uterine cervix, has been regarded as
the fourth most frequent gynecological malignancy among females worldwide.
Epidemiological reports have shown that uterine cervical cancer is a global health issue
among women of especially developing countries and consequently creates an
economic and medical burden in the society. The main causative agent of cervical
carcinoma is high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV 16 and HPV 18). Molecular studies
have revealed the expression of two viral genes E6 and E7, after HPV infection in the
epithelial cells of the cervix. These gene products are known to inactivate the major
tumor suppressors, p53 and retinoblastoma protein (pRB), respectively. Moreover, the
role of self-renewal pathways, such as Hedgehog, Notch, and Wnt, has also been linked
with drug resistance in cancer cells and epithelial mesenchymal transition during
metastasis in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Although the mechanism of
interaction of HPV E6 and E7 with each and every component of the above described
developmental pathways is not elucidated yet, preliminary reports of their cross-talk
have begun to emerge. Understanding the interplay between these oncoproteins and
developmental/self-renewal pathways is highly important in terms of designing new and
targeted therapeutic approaches against cervical cancer. Hence, this review cynosure
the carcinogenesis of HPV with a brief description of its virology and also establishes the
cross-talk between oncoproteins E6 and E7 and Hedgehog, Notch, and Wnt signaling
pathway.
Molecular and Genetic Characterization of Natural Variants of HIV-1 Nef Gene from North India and its Functional Implication in Down-Regulation of MHC-I and CD-4
Authors: Singh J. , Ronsard L. , Pandey M. , Kapoor R. , Ramachandran V. G. , Banerjea A. C.
Published: September 2020

Background:

HIV-1 Nef is an important accessory protein with multiple effector functions.
Genetic studies of the HIV-1 Nef gene show extensive genetic diversity and the functional
studies have been carried out mostly with Nef derived from regions dominated by subtype B
(North America & Europe).

Objective:

This study was carried out to characterize genetic variations of the Nef gene from
HIV-1 infected individuals from North India and to find out their functional implications.

Methods:

The unique representative variants were sub-cloned in a eukaryotic expression vector
and further characterized with respect to their ability to downregulate cell surface expression of
CD4 and MHC-1 molecules.

Results:

The phylogenetic analysis of Nef variants revealed sequence similarity with either consensus
subtype B or B/C recombinants. Boot scan analysis of some of our variants showed homology
to B/C recombinant and some to wild type Nef B. Extensive variations were observed in most of
the variants. The dN/dS ratio revealed 80% purifying selection and 20% diversifying selection implying
the importance of mutations in Nef variants. Intracellular stability of Nef variants differed
greatly when compared with wild type Nef B and C. There were some variants that possessed mutations
in the functional domains of Nef and responsible for its differential CD4 and MHC-1 downregulation
activity.

Conclusion:

We observed enhanced biological activities in some of the variants, perhaps arising
from amino acid substitutions in their functional domains. The CD4 and MHC-1 down-regulation
activity of Nef is likely to confer immense survival advantage allowing the most rare genotype in a
population to become the most abundant after a single selection event.
Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction and Related Factors in Iranian Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mohammadi Azam , Effati-Daryani Fatemeh , Zarei Somayeh , Yngyknd Sakineh Ghasemi , Hemmati Elnaz , Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Published: September 2020

Background:

With the global prevalence of COVID-19, general fear has increased along
with misinformation and rumors that could affect a pregnant woman's psyche, and her sexual function.

Objective:

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and related
factors in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed on 205 pregnant women. Data collection tools
included a socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire and the FSFI, both of which were completed
online.

Results:

The mean (SD) of the overall score of sexual function was 21.54 (8.37), and 80% of participants
suffered from sexual dysfunction. The results of the adjusted general linear model showed
that the variables of spouse's age and occupation, place of residence, and marital satisfaction were
significantly statistically correlated with the sexual function score. In women whose husbands were
under 30 years of age compared with those over 35 years of age, in women living in their parents'
homes compared to those living in private homes, and in women with high or extremely high marital
satisfaction compared to moderate satisfaction, the sexual function score was higher. Conversely,
women whose husbands were blue-collar workers had lower sexual function scores than
those whose husbands were white-collar workers.

Conclusion:

It is necessary to consider socio-demographic factors in the treatment and prevention of this sexual function
disorders. It is recommended that the appropriate solutions be provided and implemented by the relevant authorities,
taking into account the effective modifying factors, in order to further improve this dimension of married life.
Exploration of a Framework for the Identification of Chronic Kidney Disease Based on 2D Ultrasound Images: A Survey
Authors: Alex Deepthy Mary , Chandy D. Abraham
Published: September 2020

Background:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a fatal disease that ultimately results in
kidney failure. The primary threat is the aetiology of CKD. Over the years, researchers have proposed
various techniques and methods to detect and diagnose the disease. The conventional
method of detecting CKD is the determination of the estimated glomerular filtration rate by measuring
creatinine levels in blood or urine. Conventional methods for the detection and classification of
CKD are tedious; therefore, several researchers have suggested various alternative methods. Recently,
the research community has shown keen interest in developing methods for the early detection
of this disease using imaging modalities such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and
computed tomography.

Discussion:

The study aimed to conduct a systematic review of various existing techniques for the
detection and classification of different stages of CKD using 2D ultrasound imaging of the kidney.
The review was confined to 2D ultrasound images alone, considering the feasibility of implementation
even in underdeveloped countries because 2D ultrasound scans are more cost effective than
other modalities. The techniques and experimentation in each work were thoroughly studied and
discussed in this review.

Conclusion:

This review displayed the cutting-age research, challenges, and possibilities of further
research and development in the detection and classification of CKD.
Identification and Expression Analysis of CD73 Inhibitors in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Iqbal Jamshed , Basharat Ayesha , Bano Sehrish , Abid Syed Mobasher Ali , Pelletier Julie , Sévigny Jean
Published: September 2020

Aims:

The present study was conducted to examine the inhibitory effects of synthesized
sulfonylhydrazones on the expression of CD73 (ecto-5′-NT).

Background:

CD73 (ecto-5′-NT) represents the most significant class of ecto-nucleotidases, which
are mainly responsible for the dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine. Inhibition
of CD73 played an important role in the treatment of cancer, autoimmune disorders, precancerous
syndromes, and some other diseases associated with CD73 activity.

Objective:

Keeping in view the significance of CD73 inhibitor in the treatment of cervical cancer, a
series of sulfonylhydrazones (3a-3i) derivatives synthesized from 3-formylchromones were evaluated.

Methods:

All sulfonylhydrazones (3a-3i) were evaluated for their inhibitory activity towards CD73
(ecto-5′-NT) by the malachite green assay and their cytotoxic effect was investigated on the HeLa cell
line using MTT assay. Secondly, the most potent compound was selected for cell apoptosis, immunofluorescence
staining, and cell cycle analysis. After that, CD73 mRNA and protein expression were
analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot.

Results:

Among all compounds, 3h, 3e, 3b, and 3c were found to be the most active against rat-ecto-
5′-NT (CD73) enzyme with IC50 (μM) values of 0.70 ± 0.06 μM, 0.87 ± 0.05 μM, 0.39 ± 0.02 μM,
and 0.33 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. These derivatives were further evaluated for their cytotoxic potential
against cancer cell line (HeLa). Compounds 3h and 3c showed the cytotoxicity at IC50 value of
30.20 ± 3.11 μM and 86.02 ± 7.11 μM, respectively. Furthermore, compound 3h was selected for cell
apoptosis, immunofluorescence staining, and cell cycle analysis, which showed a promising apoptotic
effect in HeLa cells. Additionally, compound 3h was further investigated for its effect on the expression
of CD73 using qRT-PCR and western blot.

Conclusion:

Among all synthesized compounds (3a-3i), Compound 3h (E)-N'-((6-ethyl-4-oxo-4Hchromen-
3-yl) methylene)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide was identified as the most potent compound.
Additional expression studies conducted on the HeLa cell line proved that this compound
successfully decreased the expression level of CD73 and thus, inhibited the growth and proliferation
of cancer cells.
Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Systematic Analysis of the Situation in Pakistan-Responses and Potential Advancements
Authors: Din Muhammad Imran , Najeeb Jawayria , Kiyani Maryam Zaheer , Khalid Rida
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan (China) during December
2019, has now grown into a global scale pandemic that is influencing the civilization of the whole
world. As of 25th March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has released 65 situation reports
starting from 23rd January 2020 to 26th March 2020 regarding this new disease. The virus has
now been identified and named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS--
CoV-2). Total confirmed cases documented across the globe have reached up to 462,684 including
20,834 confirmed deaths from this disease as of 26th March 2020. This study focuses on the essential
developments, or response procedures opted by the various countries and presents an elaborative
account of the various steps taken by the Pakistan government to respond to this dynamic situation.
As a third world country, the fall out of these actions can have severe repercussions. This
study attempted to highlight some of the peculiar trials Pakistan is facing in these challenging
times and discusses the effect of COVID-19 from the perspective of the third world nation. We believe
that this study will provide a realistic picture of the current scenario taking place in Pakistan
and will assist the government and concerned institutions/agencies in developing better plans for effectively
dealing with this COVID-19 virus.
Treatment Strategies for Antibody-mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplantation and Its Prevention
Authors: Di Cocco Pierpaolo , Fratti Alberto , Kaylan Kerim , Tzvetanov Ivo G , Benedetti Enrico
Published: September 2020

This article reviews the current treatment strategies of antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation, which is increasingly recognized as the leading immunological cause of graft failure. The pathophysiologic complexity of this condition poses significant challenges for its treatment; however, progress toward advancing our understanding of its pathogenesis and diagnosis will allow for identification of new therapeutic targets. Emphasis is also given to prevention, which is mainly based on careful assessment of the transplant candidate and immunological risk stratification.
Design and Usability Evaluation of Mobile Voice-Added Food Reporting for Elderly People: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Ying-Chieh , Chen Chien-Hung , Lin Yu-Sheng , Chen Hsin-Yun , Irianti Denisa , Jen Ting-Ni , Yeh Jou-Yin , Chiu Sherry Yueh-Hsia
Published: September 2020

Background

Advances in voice technology have raised new possibilities for apps related to daily health maintenance. However, the usability of such technologies for older users remains unclear and requires further investigation.

Objective

We designed and evaluated two innovative mobile voice-added apps for food intake reporting, namely voice-only reporting (VOR) and voice-button reporting (VBR). Each app features a unique interactive procedure for reporting food intake. With VOR, users verbally report the main contents of each dish, while VBR provides both voice and existing touch screen inputs for food intake reporting. The relative usability of the two apps was assessed through the metrics of accuracy, efficiency, and user perception.

Methods

The two mobile apps were compared in a head-to-head parallel randomized trial evaluation. A group of 57 adults aged 60-90 years (12 male and 45 female participants) was recruited from a retirement community and randomized into two experimental groups, that is, VOR (n=30) and VBR (n=27) groups. Both groups were tested using the same set of 17 food items including dishes and beverages selected and allocated to present distinct breakfast, lunch, and dinner meals. All participants used a 7-inch tablet computer for the test. The resulting data were analyzed to evaluate reporting accuracy and time efficiency, and the system usability scale (SUS) was used to measure user perception.

Results

For eight error types identified in the experiment, the VBR group participants were significantly (P<.001) more error prone owing to the required use of button-tapping actions. The highest error rates in the VOR group were related to incomprehensible reporting speech (28/420, 6.7%), while the highest error rates in the VBR group were related to failure to make required button taps (39/378, 10.3%). The VOR group required significantly (P<.001) less time to complete food reporting. The overall subjective reactions of the two groups based on the SUS surpassed the benchmark and were not significantly different (P=.20).

Conclusions

Experimental results showed that VOR outperformed VBR, suggesting that voice-only food input reporting is preferable for elderly users. Voice-added apps offer a potential mechanism for the self-management of dietary intake by elderly users. Our study contributes an evidence-based evaluation of prototype design and selection under a user-centered design model. The results provide a useful reference for selecting optimal user interaction design.

Trial Registration

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Registry ISRCTN17335889; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17335889.
Measuring Stress in Health Professionals Over the Phone Using Automatic Speech Analysis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: König Alexandra , Riviere Kevin , Linz Nicklas , Lindsay Hali , Elbaum Julia , Fabre Roxane , Derreumaux Alexandre , Robert Philippe
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

During the COVID-19 pandemic, health professionals have been directly confronted with the suffering of patients and their families. By making them main actors in the management of this health crisis, they have been exposed to various psychosocial risks (stress, trauma, fatigue, etc). Paradoxically, stress-related symptoms are often underreported in this vulnerable population but are potentially detectable through passive monitoring of changes in speech behavior.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the use of rapid and remote measures of stress levels in health professionals working during the COVID-19 outbreak. This was done through the analysis of participants’ speech behavior during a short phone call conversation and, in particular, via positive, negative, and neutral storytelling tasks.

METHODS

Speech samples from 89 health care professionals were collected over the phone during positive, negative, and neutral storytelling tasks; various voice features were extracted and compared with classical stress measures via standard questionnaires. Additionally, a regression analysis was performed.

RESULTS

Certain speech characteristics correlated with stress levels in both genders; mainly, spectral (ie, formant) features, such as the mel-frequency cepstral coefficient, and prosodic characteristics, such as the fundamental frequency, appeared to be sensitive to stress. Overall, for both male and female participants, using vocal features from the positive tasks for regression yielded the most accurate prediction results of stress scores (mean absolute error 5.31).

CONCLUSIONS

Automatic speech analysis could help with early detection of subtle signs of stress in vulnerable populations over the phone. By combining the use of this technology with timely intervention strategies, it could contribute to the prevention of burnout and the development of comorbidities, such as depression or anxiety.
Associated factors of users’ adoption of patient accessible electronic health records in China – A mixed methods study (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Jing , Weal Mark , Xu Xin , Liu Jingru , Ma Jingdong
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Although patient accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs) offer great potential in enhancing provision of patient-centered care and improving satisfaction, the adoption rate is still low. China adopted more limited practices of PAEHRs, among which we selected Yuebei People’s Hospital as an example.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to identify the associated factors of users’ adoption of PAEHRs in China.

METHODS

We employed sequential mixed-methods. The DeLone & McLean information systems (D&M IS) success model was used as our theory to guide first phase qualitative study. Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and task-technology fit (TTF) model were combined to a new model to understand users’ actual usage of PAEHRs. We collected 28 valid in-depth interview responses, 51 valid semi-structure interview responses (qualitative part) and 235 valid questionnaire responses (quantitative part). The research model was tested and validated using data collected.

RESULTS

The findings of the qualitative study reveal that patients perceived task productivity and customer satisfaction to be benefits, and poor quality information as flaws. Results of the quantitative study show that the statistically significant drivers of behavioral intention are performance expectance, effort expectancy and social influence; the predictors of use behavior are TTF and behavioral intention.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings indicate that it is necessary to consider PAEHRs’ task-tool role in patients’ adoption and use behavior. Hospitalized patients value PAEHRs’ practical attributes and attach much importance to the information content and application design.