bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rock fracture mode and acoustic emission characteristics under true triaxial single-sided unloading path
Authors: Ma Longpei , Liu Chongyan , Zhao Guangming
Published: February 2025

In underground engineering, the excavation and unloading processes of rocks are extremely complex. In-depth understanding of the fracture patterns of rocks and the characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) during this process is crucial for ensuring the safe and stable operation of underground engineering. In this study, a combination of the true triaxial disturbance unloading rock testing system and the acoustic emission system was adopted to conduct true triaxial single-sided unloading tests on several common rock types, including coal, siltstone, fine sandstone, and granite. At the same time, in order to analyze the experimental data more thoroughly, the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) clustering algorithm was introduced to perform clustering analysis on the characteristic parameters of acoustic emission, so as to explore the damage and fracture patterns of the unloading rocks. The findings indicate that as the peak strength of the rock decreases, the fractal dimension of the ultimately broken fragments becomes larger, and the cracks within the failure zone develop more comprehensively. The higher the peak strength of the rock after single-sided unloading is, the greater its axial average elastic modulus will be. The acoustic emission ringing count and the b-value curve indicate that compared with siltstone and fine sandstone, granite and coal are more prone to rock burst after unloading. In the RA-AF signals of coal and granite based on the GMM, the proportion of shear signals is as high as 66.05% and 69.21% respectively, which makes it easy to form shear cracks. While the proportions of tensile cracks in siltstone and fine sandstone are 41.43% and 56.41% respectively. Under the action of axial stress, they are prone to longitudinal splitting and form tensile cracks approximately parallel to the direction of the maximum principal stress. The research findings of this study are of great guiding significance for a deep understanding of the characteristics of different rocks during the excavation and unloading processes in underground engineering.
Predictive value of the monocyte count for determining the risk of postoperative moderate-to-severe ARDS in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation during radical treatment of esophageal cancer
Authors: Zhang Feng , Lu Shunmei , Wang Guilong , Xu Hongyang , Huang Dongxiao , Li Xiaomin
Published: February 2025

Background

This study aimed to screen for risk factors and to assess the predictive value of the monocyte count for the development of moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV) during radical surgery for esophageal cancer.

Methods

In this retrospective study, patients with esophageal cancer admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Wuxi People’s Hospital between January 2017 and January 2021 were selected. Demographic, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative (within 2 h) data were collected. Patients were categorized into moderate-to-severe ARDS and non-moderate-to-severe ARDS groups. Multifactorial logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), curve-fitting, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results

After screening, 255 patients were enrolled, with 18% in moderate-to-severe ARDS group. Regression analysis revealed that postoperative monocyte count was an independent predictor for severe ARDS after surgery (OR = 2.916, 95% CI: 1.082–7.863, p < 0.05). The optimal cut-off value of postoperative monocyte count in predicting moderate-to-severe ARDS was 0.56 × 109/L (AUC = 0.708) with a sensitivity of 67.4% and a specificity of 66.5%. The difference of predictive value between postoperative monocyte count and prediction model (AUC = 0.760) was not statistically significant (p = 0.142). Additionally, a nonlinear connection between postoperative monocyte count and severe ARDS was found using curve fitting.

Conclusion

The postoperative monocyte count is an ideal predictor of postoperative moderate-to-severe ARDS in this patient population and can be used for the early diagnosis of patients with severe postoperative ARDS.
Microbial proliferation deteriorates the corrosion inhibition capability, lubricity, and stability of cutting fluid
Authors: Shen Yuanyuan , Zhang Wenkai , Wu Lili , Dong Yaohua , Guo Guoqiang , Dong Lihua , Guo Zhangwei
Published: February 2025

Cutting fluid is a type of fluid used in the metal-cutting process. It is prone to microbial growth during use, which can lead to the deterioration of its various useful properties; however, the mechanism underlying this deterioration remains unclear. This study analyzed the microbial diversity of field-sampled cutting fluids, and those with higher levels of diversity were used to inoculate other fluid samples in order to further study the effects of microbial growth on the properties of cutting fluids. The results show that the surface of cutting fluid sampled from the tank of a machining tool tank contained predominantly aerobic bacteria, while the bottom mainly harbored anaerobic and facultative microorganisms, with Yarrowia lipolytica representing the dominant fungus. Some obligate anaerobic bacteria were also present in the cutting fluid. Organic acids secreted by anaerobic microbial activity reduced the pH of the cutting fluid, as well as its resistance to corrosion. The metabolic activity of the aerobic microorganisms also consumed certain key components of the cutting fluid, which ultimately further lowered its pH and resistance to corrosion. Moreover, the number of fungi increased significantly during the later stages of the experiment. The rolling and bridging action of the resulting fungal mycelium caused flocculation of the effective components in the cutting fluid, resulting in reduced lubricity and poor stability. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing more effective measures to inhibit microbial growth and delay the deterioration of cutting fluid, thereby helping to improve the technical quality of the metal-cutting industry.
Post-translational modifications as a key mechanism for herpes simplex virus type I evasion of host innate immunity
Authors: Zhang Yongxing , Xie Junlei , Feng Ying , Qadeer Abdul , Li Shanni , Deng Xu , Zhu Lipeng , Kong Bo , Xia Zanxian
Published: February 2025

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a DNA virus that infects humans and establishes long-term latency within the host. Throughout its prolonged interaction with the host, HSV-1 evades the innate immune system by encoding its own proteins. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of these proteins play crucial roles in their function, activity, and interactions with other factors by modifying specific amino acids, thereby enabling a diverse range of protein functions. This review explores the mechanisms and roles of PTMs in HSV-1-encoded proteins, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, deamidation, and SUMOylation, during HSV-1 infection and latency. These modifications are essential for suppressing host innate immunity, facilitating viral replication, and elucidating the crosstalk among various post-translational modifications.
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity and refractory hypotension in Guillain-Barré syndrome with autoimmune encephalitis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Jun-Ping , He Yan-Bo
Published: February 2025

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory peripheral nerve disorder mediated by autoimmune mechanisms. However, its co-occurrence with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is rare. We present a 51-year-old man who initially presented with symmetrical numbness and weakness in all limbs, followed by hallucinations, behavioral abnormalities, and consciousness disturbances. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed protein-cell dissociation, indicative of GBS. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed abnormal signals in the splenium of the corpus callosum. Electromyography showed reduced amplitude in motor nerve conduction of bilateral common peroneal nerves and left tibial nerves. He developed respiratory distress, requiring tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Finally, he was diagnosed with GBS combined with AE and received treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasma exchange (PLEX). Subsequently, he experienced paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) and refractory hypotension requiring vasopressor support. After comprehensive treatment, he was successfully weaned off the ventilator, and his refractory hypotension resolved after more than six months. This case illustrates that severe autonomic dysfunction can occur at any stage of GBS companied with AE. Furthermore, these patients often require prolonged ICU stays and experience slower recovery, but may still achieve a favorable outcome with appropriate integrated therapy.
Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and overactive bladder in the elderly population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhou Chuanzan , Miao Jia , Yang Yunkai , Hu Xuanhan , Wang Heng , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Qi , Wang Yifan
Published: February 2025

Background

The prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) is increasing in the elderly population and there is growing evidence that malnutrition affects the urinary system. Despite this, research on the relationship between nutritional factors and OAB remains limited.

Methods

We included 17,161 elderly individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2005 and 2018. Overactive Bladder Symptom Scores (OABSS) were utilized to assess symptoms of OAB. A multifactorial logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the independent association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the prevalence of OAB. Restricted cubic spline plots examined the potential non-linear relationship between GNRI and OAB. Influencing factors were assessed through subgroup analyses, while the predictive utility of GNRI was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The influence of inflammatory response and cognitive function on the interaction between GNRI and OAB was also examined by mediation analysis.

Results

GNRI in the OAB group was significantly lower than that in the non-OAB group. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that GNRI significantly predicts OAB (p < 0.05). The Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) curve indicated a non-linear negative correlation between GNRI and the risk of OAB in the elderly (non-linear p = 0.0029). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, GNRI outperforms serum albumin or body mass index (BMI) alone in predicting OAB risk. The study revealed that inflammatory response mediates the relationship between GNRI and OAB, while cognitive function has a relatively weaker influence on the strength of the association between GNRI and OAB.

Conclusion

GNRI serves as a reliable predictive marker for OAB in the elderly population, demonstrating a nonlinear inverse correlation with OAB prevalence. Furthermore, this study elucidates the underlying inflammatory mechanisms that link GNRI to the development of OAB.
Diagnosis and treatment of thyroblastoma: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Chen Xiting , Xiong Lijuan , Liu Hongling , Wang Haoqiang , Cheng Donghai , Wang Wei , He Wenyuan , Xie Bo , Zhou Juan
Published: February 2025

Background and objective

The diagnosis of thyroblastoma initially identified as a thyroid malignant teratoma was subsequently classified as a distinct entity by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2022. This classification was based on the observation that the tumor presents with independent primitive multilineage elements and is frequently associated with DICER1 hotspot mutations.The objective of this study was to explore and investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, molecular features and treatment strategies of patients with thyroblastoma, followed by a review of the previous relevant literature.

Methods

The clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, molecular features and treatment strategies of the initial case of thyroblastoma pathologically confirmed in China were analyzed.

Results

The tumor was revealed to have high invasive potential, rapid disease progression, and primitive multilineage elements of pathology, including immature thyroid epithelium, spindled mesenchymal proliferations, and neuroepithelial blastema. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed the presence of germline DICER1 heterozygous pathogenic mutation at p.G1784* in patient, accompanied by the somatic hotspot mutation at p.E1813D of the RNase IIIb domain. Despite local thyroid tumor resection, the disease continued to progress rapidly. However, chemotherapy with BEP led to a reduction in the tumor. The patient’s progression-free survival (PFS) reached 15 months following the administration of BEP chemotherapy in conjunction with local radiotherapy. The patient ultimately died of cardiac arrest resulting from the progression of the cancer thrombus to the right atrium and right ventricle.

Conclusion

Although thyroblastoma has been treated as a separate entity with its distinctive morphologic and molecular characteristics, its clinicopathological features, diagnosis and treatment methods and prognosis remain poorly understood, which requires more accumulated clinical case data to provide basis for the correct diagnosis and treatment in the future.
Desmoid-type fibromatosis of the breast: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhao Zijun , Shang Qingyao , Yang Chenxuan , Liu Jiaxiang , Liu Shanqing , Li Xiaoqian , Kang Xiyu , Yue Jiaxian , Wang Xin , Wang Xiang
Published: February 2025

Breast desmoid-type fibromatosis (BDF) is a rare tumor predominated by mesenchymal cells. It has a high recurrence rate, although distal metastasis is uncommon. It resembles breast cancer clinically, and histological pathology is the only approach to a confirmed diagnosis. Comprehensive and individualized treatments were recommended for BDF patients. Here, we presented a case of BDF secondary to primary breast carcinoma in our center. A 47-year-old female complained of a large mass in her left breast for 2.5 months. She has a past history of left breast carcinoma with a failure of surgical and systemic intervention. Despite an active re-operation, she still suffered from disease progression with a bad prognosis. After our report, the clinicopathological traits, differential diagnosis of BDF and current recommendation of management were discussed. This case report aimed to make a clear recognition of this rare and aggressive disease and elaborate up-to-date treatment recommendations. More effective drugs and larger sample clinical studies are encouraged for better management of refractory and progressive BDF.
New options for targeting TRPV1 receptors for cancer treatment: odorous Chinese herbal medicine
Authors: Zhang Minghui , Wang Zongao , Liu Shaojun , Li Yuxuan , Gong Yanting , Liu Min
Published: February 2025

Vanilloid1 (TRPV1), a subfamily of transient receptor channels, is one of the non-selective calcium channels, which is a bridge between cellular response and extracellular environmental networks, and is involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes. It is also involved in the process of cancer occurrence and progression, and researchers are revealing its role in cancer. In this paper, we review the expression and significance of TRPV1 receptor in various cancer cell types, the role of TRPV1 in the apoptosis-proliferation balance, cancer cell invasion and metastasis, and tumor micro-environment, with emphasis on the mechanisms by which TRPV1 receptor mediates inflammatory response, immune system, and thus regulates cancer. We discussed the latest directions and current challenges of TRPV1 receptor-targeting therapy for cancer, and summarized the odorous traditional herbs that modulate TRPV1 receptors, with a view to developing anti-tumor drugs targeting TRPV1 receptors in the future.
Assessment of awareness of keratoconus and its relation to eye rubbing among Saudi Arabia population
Authors: Alqasimi Nuwayyir Abdullah , Aljohani Lujain Hatim , Ambrósio Renato , AlQahtani Bader Saad , Al Haydar Nasser Saleh , Alanazi Bdour Raja , Alfurayhan Danah Tariq , Hussain Saber Lina Sami , Alsalem Fatemah Saleh , Alqahtani Nawaf Abdullah , Vargas Jose Manuel
Published: February 2025

Background

Keratoconus (KC) is a bilateral, asymmetric, progressive thinning of the cornea that causes a decrease in optical quality due to induced myopia, irregular astigmatism, and higher order aberrations. KC affects 1.38 per 1,000 individuals globally, with a higher prevalence in Asian and Middle Eastern populations. Eye rubbing has been recognized as one of the leading risk factors for KC.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness about KC and its relation to eye rubbing among the population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 among people residing in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire consisting of 21 questions, which were divided into two sections. Prior to administering the questionnaire, informed consent was obtained, and the confidentiality of the collected data was ensured.

Results

This survey had a total of 2,059 respondents. The majority of the participants in the study were female, and their ages ranged from 18 to 30 years. Most of the participants held a university degree or higher. In total, 44% of respondents reported having allergic disorders, while 57.6% demonstrated a lack of knowledge regarding KC. The level of KC awareness was poor among Saudi residents, with 74.8% showing insufficient awareness. The group with acceptable awareness of KC was predominantly aged between 18 and 30 years and female, with a percentage of 30.4%.

Conclusion

The study revealed that Saudi citizens are not knowledgeable about KC and the risks associated with eye rubbing. Additionally, the study identified several KC risk factors, including but not limited to eye rubbing, allergies, and family history. To alleviate the burden of KC in Saudi Arabia, it is imperative to enhance public health awareness and discourage the habit of eye rubbing.
Comprehensive case report and literature review on perioperative management of multiple pheochromocytoma in a pediatric patient
Authors: Yu Shenghua , Zou Tianxiao , Wei Sisi , Yu Yani , Ding Guili
Published: February 2025

Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from the adrenal medulla, particularly uncommon in pediatric populations. This case report presents a 12-year-old boy with a three-year history of fatigue and a one-year history of blurred vision, who was admitted with severe hypertension (230/200 mmHg). Abdominal CT imaging revealed bilateral adrenal masses measuring 40 mm on the left and 12 mm on the right. The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was confirmed by elevated blood catecholamine metabolites. During perioperative preparation, the patient experienced complications, including polyuria, thrombosis, and infection, necessitating an emergency resection of the right adrenal tumor. This intervention led to a successful recovery. Subsequent genetic testing identified a mutation in the VHL gene. After further medical management, the left adrenal tumor was also successfully removed. At one-year follow-up, the patient remained normotensive with no signs of recurrence. This case emphasizes the critical role of genetic testing and cutious perioperative management in the treatment of pediatric pheochromocytoma.
Hepatobiliary organoid research: the progress and applications
Authors: Zou Rui-Qi , Dai Yu-Shi , Liu Fei , Yang Si-Qi , Hu Hai-Jie , Li Fu-Yu
Published: February 2025

Organoid culture has emerged as a forefront technology in the life sciences field. As “in vitro micro-organs”, organoids can faithfully recapitulate the organogenesis process, and conserve the key structure, physiological function and pathological state of the original tissue or organ. Consequently, it is widely used in basic and clinical studies, becoming important preclinical models for studying diseases and developing therapies. Here, we introduced the definition and advantages of organoids and described the development and advances in hepatobiliary organoids research. We focus on applying hepatobiliary organoids in benign and malignant diseases of the liver and biliary tract, drug research, and regenerative medicine to provide valuable reference information for the application of hepatobiliary organoids. Despite advances in research and treatment, hepatobiliary diseases including carcinoma, viral hepatitis, fatty liver and bile duct defects have still been conundrums of the hepatobiliary field. It is necessary and crucial to study disease mechanisms, establish efficient and accurate research models and find effective treatment strategies. The organoid culture technology shed new light on solving these issues. However, the technology is not yet mature, and many hurdles still exist that need to be overcome. The combination with new technologies such as CRISPR-HOT, organ-on-a-chip may inject new vitality into future development.
KGRDR: a deep learning model based on knowledge graph and graph regularized integration for drug repositioning
Authors: Luo Huimin , Yang Hui , Zhang Ge , Wang Jianlin , Luo Junwei , Yan Chaokun
Published: February 2025

Computational drug repositioning, serving as an effective alternative to traditional drug discovery plays a key role in optimizing drug development. This approach can accelerate the development of new therapeutic options while reducing costs and mitigating risks. In this study, we propose a novel deep learning-based framework KGRDR containing multi-similarity integration and knowledge graph learning to predict potential drug-disease interactions. Specifically, a graph regularized approach is applied to integrate multiple drug and disease similarity information, which can effectively eliminate noise data and obtain integrated similarity features of drugs and diseases. Then, topological feature representations of drugs and diseases are learned from constructed biomedical knowledge graphs (KGs) which encompasses known drug-related and disease-related interactions. Next, the similarity features and topological features are fused by utilizing an attention-based feature fusion method. Finally, drug-disease associations are predicted using the graph convolutional network. Experimental results demonstrate that KGRDR achieves better performance when compared with the state-of-the-art drug-disease prediction methods. Moreover, case study results further validate the effectiveness of KGRDR in predicting novel drug-disease interactions.
Profile of STING agonist and inhibitor research: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Wang Qian , Gao Yidan , Jiang Lijuan , Tang Lingli
Published: February 2025

Background

STING is a core signaling hub molecule in the innate immune system, involved in various diseases, including infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors, aging, organ fibrosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Its activation has shown great potential in anti-tumor and anti-infective therapies, with STING agonists emerging as a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy in recent years. This study identifies research trends and potential directions in the field by collecting and analyzing relevant literature.

Methods

A total of 527 publications regarding STING agonists and 107 about inhibitors were retrieved from the WOS Core Collection database. Bibliometric information was extracted with CiteSpace and VOSviewer software for visualization.

Results

It shows that research on both STING agonists and inhibitors is burgeoning rapidly. The United States and China are leading contributors in this field. Application of STING agonists primarily focuses on cancer immunotherapy, while STING inhibitors target inflammation, particularly neuroinflammation and acute lung injury.

Conclusion

Current research emphasizes optimizing STING agonists for permeability, efficacy, and safety, with nanotechnology and lipid nanoparticles being prominent delivery techniques. Future research is expected to focus on drug development and clinical applications. This comprehensive bibliometric analysis provides clinical insights and a guide for further investigation to STING agonist/inhibitor.
New strategies to enhance the efficiency and precision of drug discovery
Authors: An Qi , Huang Liang , Wang Chuan , Wang Dongmei , Tu Yalan
Published: February 2025

Drug discovery plays a crucial role in medicinal chemistry, serving as the cornerstone for developing new treatments to address a wide range of diseases. This review emphasizes the significance of advanced strategies, such as Click Chemistry, Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD), DNA-Encoded Libraries (DELs), and Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), in boosting the drug discovery process. Click Chemistry streamlines the synthesis of diverse compound libraries, facilitating efficient hit discovery and lead optimization. TPD harnesses natural degradation pathways to target previously undruggable proteins, while DELs enable high-throughput screening of millions of compounds. CADD employs computational methods to refine candidate selection and reduce resource expenditure. To demonstrate the utility of these methodologies, we highlight exemplary small molecules discovered in the past decade, along with a summary of marketed drugs and investigational new drugs that exemplify their clinical impact. These examples illustrate how these techniques directly contribute to advancing medicinal chemistry from the bench to bedside. Looking ahead, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and interdisciplinary collaboration are poised to address the growing complexity of drug discovery. By fostering a deeper understanding of these transformative strategies, this review aims to inspire innovative research directions and further advance the field of medicinal chemistry.
The physiological responses to volume-matched high-intensity functional training protocols with varied time domains
Authors: Smith Jessica S. , Bellissimo Gabriella F. , Amorim Fabiano T.
Published: February 2025

Background

High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is typically performed with minimal or no rest periods, including “rounds for time” (RFT) or “as many rounds or repetitions as possible” (AMRAP) design. Alternatively, some HIFT workouts can be performed with prescribed rest intervals (e.g., “every minute on the minute” [EMOM]) that may have significant effects on physiological responses.

Purpose

To compare the physiological responses between two different HIFT workouts (EMOM and RFT) that were matched for total work volume (TWV).

Methods

Twelve trained individuals (six males and six females) performed two HIFT protocols, EMOM and RFT. Both the EMOM and RFT included five rounds of five power cleans, eight kipping pull-ups, six dumbbell thrusters, and ten burpees performed in this order. Measurements of heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (1–10 scale), blood lactate (BLA), creatine kinase (CK), excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) were performed.

Results

Time domains were significantly different for the EMOM and RFT workouts (20 vs. 12 min ± 3 min, p < 0.00). There were significant differences between the EMOM and RFT for HR (153 ± 19 bpm vs. 171 ± 12 bpm, p < 0.01), VO2 (30.8 ± 3 mL/kg/min vs. 38.1 ± 5 mL/kg/min, p < 0.00), RPE (4 ± 1 vs. 7 ± 1, p < 0.00), and EPOC-AUC (3.5 ± 1.2 mL/kg/min vs. 5.0 ± 1.3 mL/kg/min, p < 0.00); however, there were no significant differences in mean SmO2 (p = 0.44). An interaction effect revealed that BLA was lower for the EMOM (6.5 ± 2.7 mmol/L) than the RFT (11.2 ± 2.1 mmol/L) post-exercise (p < 0.00). Conversely, there was no interaction effect for CK (p < 0.16), yet a significant increase was observed from pre- to post-exercise for both the EMOM and the RFT (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The RFT induced greater physiological stress than the EMOM, indicating that prescribed rest intervals significantly affect the metabolic, cardiovascular, and perceptual responses during high-intensity functional exercise. Furthermore, the RFT may provide a greater cardiorespiratory stimulus, while the EMOM may be more suitable for technique development and recovery in trained individuals.
An overview of hereditary spherocytosis and the curative effects of splenectomy
Authors: Turpaev Kyril , Bovt Elizaveta , Shakhidzhanov Soslan , Sinauridze Elena , Smetanina Nataliya , Koleva Larisa , Kushnir Nikita , Suvorova Anna , Ataullakhanov Fazoil
Published: February 2025

Hereditary spherocytosis is a common hemolytic anemia with different severity. The causes of hereditary spherocytosis are mutations in genes that encode red blood cell (RBC) membrane and cytoskeletal proteins, including ankyrin-1, Band 3 (or AE1), α spectrin, β spectrin, and protein 4.2. Molecular defects in these proteins decrease membrane integrity, leading to vesiculation, decreased membrane surface area, and reduced deformability of the cells. Eventually, this leads to the trapping the abnormal RBCs (spherocytes) in the spleen. In most severe cases, splenectomy may be necessary to prevent general RBC collapse during the passage of RBCs through the narrow slits of venous sinuses in the spleen. The clinical benefit of splenectomy results from elimination the primary site of RBC damage and destruction. Splenectomy is a curative approach but can cause complications and should be undertaken after examination by various laboratory approaches. Splenectomy does not correct most genetically determined membrane abnormalities in erythrocytes in patients with hereditary spherocytosis. The transformation of biconcave erythrocytes into spherocytes continues, although to a lesser degree than before surgery. Nevertheless, splenectomy increases the lifespan of red cells, significantly reducing the severity of anemia and improving many physiological signs of HS.
DM-YOLO: improved YOLOv9 model for tomato leaf disease detection
Authors: Abulizi Abudukelimu , Ye Junxiang , Abudukelimu Halidanmu , Guo Wenqiang
Published: February 2025

In natural environments, tomato leaf disease detection faces many challenges, such as variations in light conditions, overlapping disease symptoms, tiny size of lesion areas, and occlusion between leaves. Therefore, an improved tomato leaf disease detection method, DM-YOLO, based on the YOLOv9 algorithm, is proposed in this paper. Specifically, firstly, lightweight dynamic up-sampling DySample is incorporated into the feature fusion backbone network to enhance the ability to extract features of small lesions and suppress the interference from the background environment; secondly, the MPDIoU loss function is used to enhance the learning of the details of overlapping lesion margins in order to improve the accuracy of localizing overlapping lesion margins. The experimental results show that the precision (P) of this model increased by 2.2%, 1.7%, 2.3%, 2%, and 2.1%compared with those of multiple mainstream improved models, respectively. When evaluated based on the tomato leaf disease dataset, the precision (P) of the model was 92.5%, and the average precision (AP) and the mean average precision (mAP) were 95.1% and 86.4%, respectively, which were 3%, 1.7%, and 1.4% higher than the P, AP, and mAP of YOLOv9, the baseline model, respectively. The proposed detection method had good detection performance and detection potential, which will provide strong support for the development of smart agriculture and disease control.
Impacts of plant root traits and microbial functional attributes on soil respiration components in the desert-oasis ecotone
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Lv Guanghui , Yang Jianjun , He Xuemin , Wang Hengfang , Li Wenjing
Published: February 2025

Dividing soil respiration (Rs) into autotrophic respiration (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) represents a pivotal step in deciphering how Rs responds to environmental perturbations. Nevertheless, in arid ecosystems beset by environmental stress, the partitioning of Rs and the underlying mechanisms through which microbial and root traits govern the distinct components remain poorly understood. This study was strategically designed to investigate Rs and its components (Ra and Rh), soil properties, and root traits within the desert-oasis ecotone (encompassing the river bank, transitional zone, and desert margin) of northwest China. Employing metagenomics, we quantitatively characterized microbial taxonomic attributes (i.e., taxonomic composition) and functional attributes (specifically, functional genes implicated in microbial carbon metabolism). Field measurements during the growing season of 2019 unveiled a pronounced decline in soil respiration rates along the environmental gradient from the river bank to the desert margin. The mean soil respiration rate was recorded as 1.82 ± 0.41 μmol m-2 s-1 at the river bank, 0.49 ± 0.15 μmol m-2 s-1 in the transitional zone, and a meager 0.45 ± 0.12 μmol m-2 s-1 in the desert margin. Concomitantly, the Ra and Rh components exhibited a similar trend throughout the study period, with Rh emerging as the dominant driver of Rs. Utilizing random forest modeling, we unearthed significant associations between microbial taxonomic and functional features and Rs components. Notably, both Ra and Rh displayed robust positive correlations with the abundance of phosphatidylinositol glycan A, a key player in microbial carbon metabolism. Partial least squares path modeling further elucidated that soil properties and microbial functions exerted direct and positive influences on both Ra and Rh, whereas taxonomic features failed to register a significant impact. When considering the combined effects of biotic and abiotic factors, microbial functional attributes emerged as the linchpin in dictating Rs composition. Collectively, these findings suggest that a trait-based approach holds great promise in more effectively revealing the response mechanisms of Rs composition to environmental changes, thereby offering novel vistas for future investigations into carbon cycling in terrestrial soils.
Saponin content in medicinal plants in response to application of organic and inorganic fertilizers: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lv Junyan , Liu Shouzan , Hu Chunli , Ding Lan , Wang Hongzhen , Li Xin , Yang Feng , Shen Qiong , Zhang Hongbin , Ma Guobiao , Zhang Shaobo , Bai Yan
Published: February 2025

The application of fertilizers is a key agronomic practice in the artificial cultivation of medicinal plants, aiming to boost yields and enhance the levels of their bioactive constituents. However, systematic investigations on the influence of various fertilizers on the concentration of active compounds in saponin-containing medicinal plants remain insufficient. In this study, 966 experimental outcomes from 29 papers were analyzed via meta-analysis to examine the effects of organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, and their combined application on the levels of different saponin monomers in medicinal plants. The findings from the meta-analysis revealed that inorganic fertilizers contribute positively to the accumulation of saponins such as Rg1 in ginseng, Rb1, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1, in addition to the saponins from Paris polyphylla, Dioscorea, Panax quinquefolius, and Platycodon grandiflorus. Moreover, the application of organic fertilizers was found to markedly elevate the concentrations of Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rb1, Ginsenoside Rb2, Re, and Rg1, along with Lancemasid saponins and Quinoa saponins. The combined use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers was shown to effectively increase the levels of Notoginsenoside R1 and Panax ginsenosides, encompassing Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1. Overall, the results suggest that both individual and combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers have a positive impact on the enhancement of saponin monomers in medicinal plants. However, inorganic fertilizers promote the increase of saponin content, their prolonged use may lead to soil compaction and acidification, which could compromise the yield and quality of medicinal plants. On the other hand, organic fertilizers improve the soil environment and stimulate saponin accumulation, they do not supply all the nutrients required for the sustained growth of these plants. Therefore, a balanced fertilization strategy combining both organic and inorganic fertilizers is recommended as the optimal approach for cultivating saponin-rich medicinal plants.
Employees’ attitudes and work-related stress in the digital workplace: an empirical investigation
Authors: Cavicchioli Maddalena , Demaria Fabio , Nannetti Francesca , Scapolan Anna Chiara , Fabbri Tommaso
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In the digital era, the integration of advanced, hyper-connected technologies deeply reshaped work dynamics and organizational practices, especially through the transformation of the spatial and temporal dimensions of work. This study examines the complex relationship between digitalization and work-related stress, with a particular emphasis on the impact of both digital activities (i.e., number of actions and virtual meetings) and employees’ attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction, person-organization fit, engagement, and work-life interface) on stress levels.

Methods

Drawing on data from Microsoft 365 activity records and an online survey of employees in an Italian AI firm, this study applies Factor Analysis and Generalized Additive Models to analyze the above-mentioned interactions in a highly digitalized context.

Results

Findings indicate that the time–space intensification and extension of the working experience has a significant impact in terms of increasing work-related stress when exceeding certain number of off-hours digital actions and virtual meetings. Conversely, job satisfaction, perceptions of work-life enrichment and person-organization fit represent subjective employees’ attitudes that significantly influence and reduce work-related stress in a digitalized working environment.

Discussion

This study contributes to the existing academic literature by providing a more nuanced understanding of the dual impact of work digitalization on employees’ well-being. Furthermore, our findings offer practical insights into the management of employees and their level of stress in digital work settings.
Understanding stakeholder views of the use of digital therapeutic interventions within children and young people’s mental health services
Authors: Gee Brioney , Clarke Tim , Garner Jess , Teague Bonnie , Coote Georgianna , Dunne Aoife , McGuire Rachel , Laphan Andrew , Rathee Manjul , Wilson Jon
Published: February 2025

Background

Providing the growing number of children and young people seeking mental health support with timely access to care poses a significant challenge. Increased use of digital technology in the delivery of children and young people’s mental health services has been proposed as a means of increasing access to treatment.

Methods

We conducted three interrelated studies to provide multi-perspective insights into the use of digital therapeutic interventions within children and young people’s mental health services in the UK. Study 1 used semi-structured interviews and an online survey to collect the views of digital therapeutic interventions of families who self-identified as facing additional barriers to accessing mental health support (n=13). Study 2 involved eight focus groups with children and young people’s clinicians, service managers, commissioners, and policy leads (n=28), exploring participants’ views and experiences of implementing and sustaining digital therapeutic interventions. Study 3 was a consensus exercise which aimed to identify actions needed to bridge the gap between the development and use of digital therapeutic interventions for children and young people’s mental health through focus groups with parents/carers and professionals (n=17), and three Delphi-survey rounds.

Results

Our findings revealed considerable enthusiasm for the increased use of digital mental health interventions for children and young people across stakeholder groups, but also identified key barriers to their implementation. Actions perceived to facilitate more effective implementation included: a) co-producing interventions, commissioning decisions and implementation plans with children and parents/carers, b) enhancing national guidance and local leadership, c) integration of digital offers within existing clinical pathways, and d) efforts to ensure accessibility and inclusivity.

Discussion

Digital therapeutic interventions offer a promising solution to the challenge of improving access to mental health support for children and young people. Strengthened guidance and leadership, sustained funding and further evidence-generation are urgently needed to enable this promise to be realised.
Somatic comorbidities and health related uncertainty among Swedish adolescents with ADHD
Authors: Lundqvist Sara , Röjås Sara , Bador Kourosh , Råstam Maria , Kerekes Nóra
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently exists alongside psychiatric comorbidities. The coexistence of somatic diseases and ADHD constitutes a growing field of research.

Method

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of common somatic diseases in adolescents with ADHD and compare them with those in adolescents without any psychiatric diagnoses. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenient sample of Swedish upper secondary school students aged 15 to 19 years. Data were collected using an electronic version of the “Mental and Somatic Health without borders” survey. In 2020, 1608 adolescents completed the survey and provided self-reports of their psychiatric and somatic diagnoses.

Results

Among the sample of Swedish adolescents, 5.5% reported having ADHD diagnoses. These adolescents reported more somatic comorbidities than those without any psychiatric diagnosis (comparison group). The most common somatic comorbidities among those with ADHD were allergies (43.4%), asthma (24.7%), and skin diseases (16.7%), which prevalences were significantly higher than those reported by adolescents in the comparison group. However the effect sizes of these differences were negligible (allergies: p=0.002, Cramer’s V=0.08; asthma: p=0.041, Cramer’s V=0.06; skin diseases: p=0.007, Cramer’s V=0.08), raising questions about the practical implications of these findings. Allergies were significantly more common in both genders with ADHD (p=0.038, Cramer’s V=0.08 in women and p=0.038, Cramer’s V=0.09 in men). Additionally, men with ADHD showed a significant association with skin diseases (p=0.007, Cramer’s V=0.12) while women with ADHD were significantly more likely to have migraine (p=0.038, Cramer’s V=0.08). Notably, adolescents with ADHD reported significantly higher rates of uncertainty regarding the existence of diabetes, rheumatoid diseases, asthma (with negligible effect sizes), and thyroid diseases (with a small effect size) than those without any psychiatric diagnoses, suggesting heightened health related anxiety within this group.

Conclusions

Adolescents with ADHD reported more somatic comorbidities and greater uncertainty about the potential presence of additional somatic conditions compared to adolescents without psychiatric diagnoses. These findings highlight the importance of addressing both health literacy and access to healthcare. By focusing on this group, we cannot only improve their ability to understand and navigate the healthcare system but also strengthen their confidence in managing their own health.
A worldwide itinerary of research ethics in science for a better social responsibility and justice: a bibliometric analysis and review
Authors: Adjovi Ingrid Sonya Mawussi
Published: February 2025

This study provides a comprehensive overview of research ethics in science using an approach that combine bibliometric analysis and systematic review. The importance of ethical conduct in scientific research to maintain integrity, credibility, and societal relevance has been highlighted. The findings revealed a growing awareness of ethical issues, as evidenced by the development of numerous guidelines, codes of conduct, and oversight institutions. However, significant challenges persist, including the lack of standardized approaches for detecting misconduct, limited understanding of the factors contributing to unethical behavior, and unclear definitions of ethical violations. To address these issues, this study recommends promoting transparency and data sharing, enhancing education, and training programs, establishing robust mechanisms to identify and address misconduct, and encouraging collaborative research and open science practices. This study emphasizes the need for a collaborative approach to restore public confidence in science, protect its positive impact, and effectively address global challenges, while upholding the principles of social responsibility and justice. This comprehensive approach is crucial for maintaining research credibility, conserving resources, and safeguarding both the research participants and the public.
Modifiable life style factors and male reproductive health: a cross-sectional study in IVF clinic attendees in Ghana
Authors: Amoah Brodrick Yeboah , Yao Bayamina Saliah , Gborsong Cosmos , Owusu Hubert , Asare George Awuku , Yeboah Emmanuel Kwabena , Ablakwa Josephine , Hammond Georgina
Published: February 2025

Background

Male infertility is a significant global public health issue, with modifiable lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, and psychological stress contributing to impaired semen quality and hormonal dysregulation. This study investigates the relationships between modifiable lifestyle factors, reproductive hormones, and semen quality in Ghanaian males attending an IVF clinic.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 212 male participants recruited from a fertility clinic in Ghana. Lifestyle factors were assessed using standardized questionnaires, and semen samples were analyzed following WHO guidelines. Hormonal profiles (LH, FSH, testosterone, estradiol) were measured using the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA). Statistical analyses included Pearson's product-moment correlation and Bonferroni correction.

Results

Smoking and psychological stress were significantly associated with reduced sperm motility, viability, and concentration (p < 0.05). Elevated BMI correlated negatively with sperm concentration and testosterone levels (p < 0.05). Alcoholic bitters was linked to decreased semen quality, while caffeine consumption showed a positive association with progressive sperm motility.

Conclusion

Modifiable lifestyle factors, such as smoking, psychological stress, and increased body mass index (BMI), play a crucial role in male reproductive health by adversely affecting semen parameters and hormonal balance. These findings emphasize the need for public health interventions targeting modifiable behaviors to improve fertility outcomes.