bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Phytochemical Content and the In vitro Antifungal Properties of Senna alata (Linn.) Roxb.: A Review
Authors: Legaspi Charisse Leanne B. , Maramba-Lazarte Cecilia C.
Published: December 2020

Infections caused by invasive fungal species continue to rise due to various contributing factors including the changes in the environmental and weather conditions, lifestyle, the occurrence of natural disasters, and the weakened human immune system. Even though synthetic drugs effectively cure fungal diseases, their unwanted side effects, as well as the rapid rise in resistance, have compelled researchers to develop new antifungal agents. Several medicinal plants are folklorically known to have antifungal activities. Among the traditionally used antifungal herbal plants is Senna alata, commonly known as akapulko and ringworm bush. In the current review, phytochemical analysis and numerous non-clinical studies on akapulko have been performed and confirmed its activity against several fungi pathogenic to humans. Anthraquinone compounds seemed to be the major phytochemicals responsible for its antifungal activity. In the Philippines, clinical trials have also confirmed its utility as a topical agent in treating cutaneous fungal infections. Research gaps that need to be addressed include the determination of the exact molecular mechanisms of their fungal killing action.
Baseline Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Healthcare Practitioners in Rizal Province, Philippines toward Implementing the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Program
Authors: Rozul Carlos Diego A. , Gregorio, Jr. Ernesto R. , Chiong Charlotte M.
Published: December 2020

Objective. The study describes the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare practitioners in Rizal province regarding the implementation of the universal newborn hearing screening program (UNHSP).Materials and Methods. A descriptive phenomenologic research design through focus group discussions with pediatric and OBGYN consultants in a government hospital, nurses from private primary and secondary hospitals, midwives from private birthing homes, and rural health workers.Results. Attitudes. All participants recognized that they had important roles in implementing the program except the OBGYN consultants as they felt that information about the UNHSP should be provided by pediatricians. Practices. The lack of a screening device, trained personnel, and a referral network were the most common barriers in implementing the program. Knowledge. Most participants lacked specific knowledge about hearing loss and its implications in the UNHSP.Conclusion. Most participants were able to determine the advantages and disadvantages of implementing the UNHSP. However, less than half of the participants admitted to have an established protocol to give access to newborn hearing screening services. Establishment of an information dissemination protocol and materials may be beneficial in the absence of funding for screening devices.
Effects of Brain Games on Global Cognition among Older Filipinos
Authors: Mamayson Raymund F. , Caballes Lilia G. , Asiatico Kyle Nathaniel B. , Acosta Rose Angela R. , Chavez Sheantelle Dominique S. , Deocares Lauderdale B. , Gayagay Alessandra P. , Lonogan Abigail Ruth K. , Nuega Vince Rafael B. , Salvador Arianne Joy B. , Santos Gail Lian B. , Wooden June Virlin A.
Published: December 2020

Objective. This study ascertained the effects of brain games on global cognition among older Filipinos. Methods. A quasi-experimental design was used. The participants were 60 elderly Filipinos, aged 60 to 93 years, residing in Baguio City, and were not engaging in any physical or nutritional interventions to improve cognitive function. None have subclinical cognitive impairments as screened using the Mini-Cognitive Examination. The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) tool which correlated significantly with standard neuropsychological tests, and provided a high internal reliability score of 0.88, was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results. Pretest mean scores of both active control and experimental groups increased in the posttest. Additionally, both coloring and brain games had extremely significant effects on global cognition (p=0.0001). Lastly, the unrelated t-test revealed extremely significant difference between the effects of brain games and coloring on global cognition (p=0.0001).Conclusions. Based on the results, brain games showed evidence of effectiveness in improving global cognition, and that compared to coloring, it is more effective in improving global cognition among older Filipinos. Variables like motivation and expectancy effects influence the improvement in global cognition among older Filipinos. Lastly, cognitive training using brain games show promise as a non-pharmacologic intervention to address cognitive decline.
The Effectiveness and Tolerability of the High Dose Donepezil at 23 mg Tablet per Day for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Espiritu Adrian I. , Cenina Alvin Rae F.
Published: December 2020

Objective. To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of the 23 mg tablet donepezil in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Methods. Major healthcare databases were searched from May to September 2016. Evaluation of relevant trials, assessment of risk of bias, collection and analyses of data were performed.

Results. A total of 1,774 adult participants with AD were pooled from the two trials included. Pooled data showed that after 24 weeks of treatment, no significant difference was noted between Donepezil 23 mg/day and Donepezil 10 mg/day in terms of cognitive function (1.06 SIB points [-0.13, 2.26]; 1704 participants) and in terms of global clinical assessment (-0.02 CIBIC+ points [-0.13, 0.09]; 1705 participants). The participants who took the higher dose were at higher risk to experience “any adverse event” than those who received the lower dose (1.17 RR [1.09, 1.26]; 1785 participants).

Conclusion. Current evidences do not support the routine use of Donepezil 23 mg tablet for the improvement of cognitive function and global clinical status of patients with AD. The higher dose is also marked with an increased incidence of adverse events compared to the lower dose.
Malignant Mystique: Porocarcinoma in Three Adult Filipinos
Authors: Villena Juan Paolo David S. , Ke Blythe N. , Ciriaco-Tan Cynthia P.
Published: December 2020

Porocarcinoma is a rare, cutaneous adnexal malignancy usually seen in elderly patients. We present three females with varying lesions located at the head region with a history of a sudden increase in growth. Histologically, all were composed of nests of basaloid cells showing atypia, mitotic figures and eccrine-differentiated ductal elements. One patient underwent excision (0.5 cm margin) and was recurrence-free one-month post-op. This series also brings a brief review of the current literature on porocarcinoma.
A Rare Case of Bullous Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a Patient with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Ramos Veronica Marie E. , Chamberlin Charmaine Vanessa S. , Dofitas Belen L.
Published: December 2020

A 67-year-old female with acute myelogenous leukemia, presented with a two-week history of enlarging ecchymosis-like plaques with hemorrhagic bullae on the right forearm and anterior legs, associated with fever, pain, and swelling. Tissue cultures were persistently negative. Lesions progressed despite broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage. Histopathology showed neutrophilic dermatitis, consistent with pyoderma gangrenosum. The patient was diagnosed with the bullous type. This type is rare with only two reported cases in the Philippines since 2011. Systemic glucocorticoids were given with note of dramatic improvement of the lesions.
Comentario a la Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 19 de diciembre de 2019 (caso Oriol Junqueras)
Authors: Bayona i Rocamora Antoni
Published: December 2020

La sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 19 de diciembre de 2020 (caso Oriol Junqueras) tiene especial relevancia porque determina cuándo y cómo se adquiere la condición de miembro del Parlamento Europeo y se goza, asimismo, de la inmunidad parlamentaria europea. Hasta la sentencia no existía una posición clara al respecto, y el tribunal europeo la resuelve primando el ejercicio del derecho de sufragio por encima de otras condiciones eventualmente establecidas por el derecho de los Estados miembros. La sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea responde la cuestión prejudicial presentada por el Tribunal Supremo en la causa penal del procés y establece una doctrina interpretativa del derecho europeo en el sentido de que la condición de diputado y la inmunidad asociada al cargo se producen desde el mismo momento de la proclamación oficial de los resultados electorales. Sin embargo, la sentencia no ha podido tener aplicación efectiva debido a la decisión del Tribunal Supremo de no suspender la causa principal y dictar sentencia antes de conocer la opinión del tribunal europeo, lo que pone en evidencia un mal uso del procedimiento prejudicial.
Authenticiteit en materiaal
Authors: Bosman Lex
Published: December 2020

Op voorhand is niet duidelijk of het begrip authenticiteit toegepast kan worden op de architectuur van de (Late) Oudheid en de Middeleeuwen. Om dicht bij dat begrip in de existentialistische filosofie te blijven, zou men kunnen stellen: een onderdeel van architectuur is werkelijk wat het aangeeft of lijkt te zijn. Zoals een zuil iets hoort de dragen bijvoorbeeld. Ook kan authenticiteit worden opgevat in de zin van ‘oorspronkelijk’ en ‘origineel’. Een korte verkenning langs enkele voorbeelden laat zien dat de betekenis van oorspronkelijkheid en vooral die van de functie van het architectuurdeel van belang zijn. Voorbeelden als de elfde/twaalfde-eeuwse bisschopskerk van Pisa maken duidelijk dat samen met de oorspronkelijke functie van bijvoorbeeld zuilen er meerdere betekenislagen konden bestaan. Daartegenover staat de toepassing van hergebruikte antieke zuilen in de dertiende-eeuwse Dom van Maagdenburg, waar de zuilen geen dragende functie hebben, maar vanwege hun betekenis in de apsis werden toegepast. Ten slotte kan men zich afvragen of het begrip authenticiteit zinvol toegepast kan worden op de architectuur uit de onderzochte perioden.
Always the real the thing?
Authors: Schrijver Lara
Published: December 2020

Walter Benjamin’s famous 1935 essay ‘The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’ addresses the authenticity of a work of art as something beyond the merely material and technical. Benjamin constructs a broader notion of authenticity that includes ‘the life of things’ and is related to new techniques in artistic production. This broader sense of authenticity is used here to explore how it may help us to understand architecture in the age of digital reproduction. Two aspects of authenticity in Benjamin’s article are discussed: process reproduction and image  reproduction.

In process reproduction, authenticity is transformed through the mediation of technical procedures. Benjamin’s analysis of photography and film is a seminal version of how the digital age raises new questions through tools and techniques such as programs, coding and algorithms. The work of Kees Christiaanse in collaboration with Ludger Hovestadt provides an example of an increasingly algorithmic approach to urban planning. In image reproduction, the question of authenticity revolves around the increasing proliferation of images. In this context, the Wangjing soho complex by Zaha Hadid and its apparent imitation by a Chinese developer proves illuminating. These projects show aspects of the changing conditions of the digital age, in which new techniques of realization may transform current notions of authenticity.
Vorm en context
Authors: Mens Noor
Published: December 2020

Bij de waardebepaling van erfgoed speelt het begrip authenticiteit een centrale rol. Dit artikel toont aan dat dit begrip moeilijk hanteerbaar is bij jongere bouwkunst, zeker als het wordt gekoppeld aan de oorspronkelijke materialisering. Vooral als authenticiteit een voorwaarde is om een object of gebied te behouden, kan de manier waarop dit gewoonlijk wordt getoetst problemen opleveren. Anders dan men zou verwachten, is bij jonge monumenten met een moderne signatuur het behoud van de oorspronkelijke materialen problematischer dan bij oude architectuur. Dat heeft verschillende redenen.

Een ervan is de ambitie van de Moderne Beweging om gebruik te maken van experimentele bouwmethoden en nieuwe materialen. Vaak blijken die de tand des tijds niet te kunnen doorstaan. Daarnaast is het moeilijk, zo niet onmogelijk, om dergelijke experimentele materialen te behouden wanneer een gebouw moet voldoen aan hedendaagse eisen, bijvoorbeeld op het gebied van energiezuinigheid. Dat werpt de vraag op of het vervangen van authentieke bouwmaterialen bij restauraties en renovaties ten koste gaat van de erfgoedwaarden. Aan de hand van voorbeelden in Amsterdam en Rotterdam wordt aangetoond dat dit niet altijd het geval hoeft te zijn.
EFEKTIFITAS TERAPI NERS SPESIALIS TERHADAP ANSIETAS DAN KEMAMPUAN PASIEN STROKE DALAM MERUBAH PIKIRAN NEGATIF DI RS HERMINA JATINEGARA
Authors: Laela Sri , Wahyuni Ening
Published: December 2020

Pasien stroke yang di rawat di rumah sakit beresiko mengalami ansietas, hal ini dikarenakan pasien mengalami gangguan fisik yang mengakibatkan terganggunya aktifitas dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Masalah emosi setelah stroke membuat pasien mudah tersinggung, menangis dan marah tanpa alasan yang jelas. Riskesdas (2013) menyebutkan bahwa prevalensi penyakit stroke di Indonesia meningkat seiring bertambahnya umur dan sekitar delapan per seribu penduduk atau 0,8% mengalami stroke Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pengaruh terapi kognitif dan psikoedukasi keluarga terhadap ansietas dan kemampuan pasien stroke dalam merubah pikiran negatif. Metodologi yang digunakan quasi-experiment one group with pretest – posttest design dengan metode consecutive sampling. Responden berjumlah 27 pasien stroke di RS Hermina Jatinegara. Penelitian dilakukan Agustus sampai Desember 2018. Kuesioner yang di gunakan Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) dan kuesioner Automatic Thought Questionare (ATQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tindakan keperawatan Ners, terapi kognitif dan psikoedukasi keluarga signifikan menurunkan ansietas dan meningkatkan kemampuan pasien stroke dalam merubah pikiran negatif. Kombinasi terapi kognitif dan psikoedukasi keluarga di rekomendasikan untuk mengatasi ansietas dan meningkatkan kemampuan pasien stroke dalam merubah pikiran negatif.
HUBUNGAN KOMUNIKASI KEPALA RUANGAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KINERJA PERAWAT PELAKSANA DI RUMAH SAKIT HERMINA JATINEGARA 2018
Authors: Silitonga Junita Maratur , Winarti Retno
Published: December 2020

Komunikasi kepala ruangan dan motivasi perawat merupakan faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja perawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan komunikasi kepala ruangan dan motivasi perawat dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana di rumah sakit hermina jatinegara. Desain penelitian menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini 149 responden. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat, bivariate. Pada hasil analisis bivariat terdapat hubungan komunikasi kepala ruangan dan motivasi perawat dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana di Rumah Sakit Hermina Jatinegara. Diharapkan institusi rumah sakit dapat lebih optimal melakukan supervisi terhadap motivasi perawat dan komunikasi kepala ruangan
Proceso de aprendizaje profundo de una alumna de primaria en un contexto de alta marginación
Authors: Mejía Botero Fernando
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar evidencia sobre el proceso de aprendizaje profundo de una alumna del Conafe en un contexto de alta marginación y quien es acompañada por la líder educativa mediante una relación tutora desde el modelo ABCD. Se usan métodos cualitativos con base en la observación “no participante” y la videograbación en aula; se exploran en profundidad las interacciones áulicas entre LEC y alumna, mediante la construcción de las secuencias didácticas para dar cuenta del sentido de los actos de habla y así derivar maneras de referirse a los objetos de aprendizaje y otros asuntos sobre los que se conversa en las aulas. El principal hallazgo de este análisis es mostrar como un hecho que la relación tutora bien implementada es una alternativa para la educación de los niños, niñas y jóvenes de las regiones más apartadas de México. Siguiendo a Mehta y Fine (2019), se muestra cómo la estudiante de este caso tiene un aprendizaje profundo, en cuanto a dominio, identidad y creatividad. Cabe advertir que este articulo no da cuenta de la representatividad de este caso en las aulas en Conafe, pero sí de que un buen aprendizaje para las poblaciones rurales es posible.
Juventud y cuidado de la vida: ejes epistémicos para una propuesta pedagógica situada
Authors: Sandoval Orozco Aida  Georgina
Published: December 2020

El artículo propone algunas pistas de trabajo pedagógico en el terreno teórico metodológico sobre el cuidado de la vida orientado a jóvenes que cursan la educación media superior. La restitución de la historicidad como herramienta de intervención y acción biográfica puede contribuir a restablecer las pautas del reconocimiento mutuo y a la emergencia de simbolizaciones que tramitan los conflictos cotidianos. Utilizando la sociología clínica como estrategia comprensiva y las premisas de la epistemología del sur sobre el cuidado de la vida, concluimos que la comprensión de la historia propia resulta central para impulsar la capacidad de acción de los estudiantes sobre la realidad.
Automatic Voltage Regulator Tunned With PID Controller
Authors: Rathor Karishma , Upadhyay Narottam Dutt
Published: December 2020

For obtaining efficient stability and good regulation of different devices in power system and industrial applications, automatic voltage regulators (AVR) are increasingly used. It is used to obtain for regulation and stability of any electrical equipment. There are many technology/methods were used in automatic voltage regulator as well as different controller used for improving robustness, overshoot, rise time and voltage control, but this paper is about the review of AVR using different techniques. This paper shows the comparison between different controllers.
UJI MUTU TEPUNG BIJI NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) DENGAN TEKNIK PEMBUATAN METODE KERING DAN METODE BASAH
Authors: Rakhmawati Erna Agung , Musdholifah Siti
Published: December 2020

Latar belakang: Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus L) adalah salah satu jenis buah yang banyak ditanam didaerah tropis seperti Indonesia. Selama ini, bagian buah nangka yang umun dikonsumsi adalah nangka muda, nangka masak, dan bijinya. Biji nangka dapat diolah dalam bentuk tepung dan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pengganti sebagai sumber karbohidrat, karena dalam biji nangka terdapat karbohidrat sebanyak 36,7 gram per 100 gram. Tujuan: bertujuan untuk pembuatan tepung biji nangka dengan metode kering dan metode basah dilakukan uji untuk mengetahui organoleptik, kadar air, kadar abu dan cemaran mikroba berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia No. 3751 tahun 2009. Metode: metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu kadar air dengan metode gravimetric, kadar abu dengan metode pengabuan kering (secara langsung), uji cemaran mikroba dengan metode ALT dan metode AKK. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 300 gram dan untuk kadar air dan kadar abu dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil: Dari hasil pengujian mutu dapat dinyatakan bahwa tepung biji nangka memenuhi persyaratan mutu dari Standar Nasional Indonesia No. 3751 tahun 2009 kecuali kadar abu. Produk tepung biji nangka pada metode kering memiliki hasil uji organoleptik bentuk serbuk, bau khas tepung , warna putih kecoklatan, kadar air 7,5%, kadar abu 1,11%, ALT 15,5 × 103 koloni/gram, AKK 70 × 102 koloni/gram. Merode basah memiliki hasil uji organoleptik bentuk serbuk, bau khas tepung, warna putih kekuningan, kadar air  8,4%, kadar abu 1,45%, ALT 19 × 101 koloni/gram, AKK 34 × 103 koloni/gram. Simpulan dan saran: hasil Uji tepung nangka sebagian besar memenuhi persyaratan, kecuali pada kadar aby. Karena melebihi persyaratan. Diharapkan dapat dilakukan uji mutu lainnya
The key role of underlying theories for scientific explanations. A darwinian case study
Authors: Blanco Daniel , Roffé Ariel , Ginnobili Santiago
Published: December 2020

A given explanatory theory T falls into circular reasoning if the only way to determine its explanandum is through the application of T. To find an (often previous) underlying theory T′ that determines T′s explanandum helps us save T from this accusation of circularity. We follow the structuralist view of theories in presenting and dealing with this issue, by applying it to particular theories. More specifically, we focus on the relationship between the Darwinian theory of common ancestry and the determination of homologies.
Concepto de riesco: (dis)continuidades entre corrientes epidemiológicas
Authors: Ocampo Carolina , Carbajo Anibal Eduardo , Folguera Guillermo
Published: December 2020

In the present study we analyze if the risk concept of the hegemonic epidemiologychanges its nature in purportedly alternative currents as ecoepidemiology and socialepidemiology focused in multilevel analysis.We analyze the way this concept is distinguishedin every current and its relationship with other epidemiologic key notions as cause. We findthat the risk concept and the notion of cause remain relatively unchanged among the differentcurrents even when there is some theoretical discussion about the complexity of multilevelsystems and other explanations for the events. Finally we discuss some consequences aboutthe appropriation of the risk concept in multiple interventions in the health field. We indicatethat the fragmented nature of the risk concept is problematic because it can make thesocial aspects of the disease considered only in a functional perspective. Alternatively to thatwe develop the vulnerability concept as a knowledge framed in a hermeneutical perspective.The vulnerability concept acts as a mediator knowledge between epidemiology and theinterventions in the health field. In the same way we point out some concerns from the anthropologicalfield about the simplification of social senses and omission of meanings aboutthe health of the communities.
Educação Física na educação (inclusiva?) de jovens e adultos: um retrato da produção científica na área
Authors: Peluso Débora Leonel , Guimarães Ana Lídia Felippe , Fonseca Michele Pereira de Souza da , Peluso Marcelo Leonel
Published: December 2020

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) é uma modalidade de ensino não-regular para indivíduos que tiveram acesso tardio à escola. Este estudo objetivou investigar a produção científica da área da Educação Física (EF) para analisar os debates sobre inclusão escolar e EJA. Para tal, houve uma revisão sistemática no portal CAPES, utilizando as palavras-chave: EJA, EF, inclusão, escola, currículo e "formação de professores" e suas combinações. Foram encontrados sete artigos para a discussão desta pesquisa, que foram classificados em três categorias. Na análise de conteúdo, emergiram aspectos discutidos nas produções e tornou-se possível traçar pontos comuns relativos nas pesquisas. A inclusão escolar, de maneira geral, vem sendo discutida à medida que a literatura apresenta a ocorrência de situações excludentes e a necessidade de estudar medidas para minimizá-las, criando oportunidades de participação efetiva por todos e todas nas aulas de EF para esta modalidade de ensino.
(Des)investimento na formação docente em Educação Física: perfis e trajetórias de estudantes de licenciatura
Authors: Caetano Clarisse Silva , Santos Doiara Silva dos
Published: December 2020

Este estudo visa caracterizar e analisar o perfil e investimentos de professores em formação na licenciatura em Educação Física. O estudo é qualitativo de caráter exploratório. O instrumento para a obtenção dos dados foi a entrevista semi-estruturada. Para tratamento dos dados, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Como resultado foram encontradas três categorias referente a perfis de professores em formação, são elas: “Ser professor! ”, em que os alunos demostraram compreensão ampla das finalidades da Educação Física escolar e perspectivam atuar na área; “Licenciando ao acaso”, em referência aos estudantes que ao ingressar não compreendiam a distinção das habilitações na formação ou não se identificavam com o curso, mas, ao longo da formação, têm construído uma identificação e pretendem atuar; por fim, o perfil “Desinvestimento na trajetória formativa docente”, que revela uma falta de identificação com a área de formação, que repercute em desinvestimento ao longo da trajetória de formação docente.
Optical source apportionment and radiative effect of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in a tropical marine monsoon climate zone: the importance of ship emissions
Authors: Wang Qiyuan , Liu Huikun , Wang Ping , Dai Wenting , Zhang Ting , Zhao Youzhi , Tian Jie , Zhang Wenyan , Han Yongming , Cao Junji
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Source-specific optical properties of light-absorbing
carbonaceous (LAC) aerosols in the atmosphere are poorly understood because
they are generated by various sources. In this study, a receptor model
combining multi-wavelength absorption and chemical species was used to
explore the source-specific optical properties of LAC aerosols in a tropical
marine monsoon climate zone. The results showed that biomass burning and
ship emissions were the dominant contributors to average aerosol light
absorption. The source-specific absorption Ångström
exponent (AAE) indicated that black carbon (BC) was the dominant LAC aerosol
in ship and motor vehicle emissions. Moreover, brown carbon (BrC) was
present in biomass-burning emissions. The source-specific mass absorption
cross section (MAC) showed that BC from ship emissions had a stronger
light-absorbing capacity compared to emissions from biomass burning and
motor vehicles. The BrC MAC derived from biomass burning was also smaller
than the BC MAC and was highly dependent on wavelength. Furthermore,
radiative effect assessment indicated a comparable atmospheric forcing and
heating capacity of LAC aerosols between biomass burning and ship emissions.
This study provides insights into the optical properties of LAC aerosols
from various sources. It also sheds more light on the radiative effects of
LAC aerosols generated by ship emissions.
Reappraising the appropriate calculation of a common meteorological quantity: potential temperature
Authors: Baumgartner Manuel , Weigel Ralf , Harvey Allan H. , Plöger Felix , Achatz Ulrich , Spichtinger Peter
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The potential temperature is a widely used quantity in atmospheric
science since it is conserved for dry air's adiabatic changes of
state. Its definition involves the specific heat capacity of dry
air, which is traditionally assumed as constant. However, the literature
provides different values of this allegedly constant parameter, which
are reviewed and discussed in this study. Furthermore, we derive the
potential temperature for a
temperature-dependent parameterisation of the specific heat
capacity of dry air, thus
providing a new reference potential temperature with a more
rigorous basis.
This new reference
shows different values and vertical gradients, in particular
in the stratosphere and above, compared to
the potential temperature that assumes constant heat capacity.
The application of the new reference potential temperature is
discussed for computations of the Brunt–Väisälä frequency,
Ertel's potential vorticity, diabatic
heating rates, and for the vertical sorting of observational data.
Parametrisierung unterschiedlicher Bewässerungsmethoden in einem regionalen Klimamodell und deren Effekte auf das regionale Klima in der „Greater Alpine Region“
Authors: Asmus Christina , Hoffmann Peter , Böhner Jürgen , Rechid Diana
Published: December 2020

Bewässerung zählt zu den am weitesten verbreiteten Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen in der Landwirtschaft. Abhängig von Klimazone, Feldfrucht und Kapitaleinsatz werden verschiedene Bewässerungsmethoden angewandt, die mit Veränderungen der biophysikalischen und biochemischen Eigenschaften der Landoberfläche und des Bodens verbunden sind. Durch die Land-Atmosphäre-Wechselwirkungen wird auch das Klima beeinflusst. Studien zeigen, dass sich diese Effekte insbesondere auf lokaler und regionaler Skala ausprägen können und häufig mit einer Reduktion der bodennahen Temperaturen verbunden sind. Damit bergen sie ein Mitigationspotential für Auswirkungen des regionalen Klimawandels. Allerdings sind die Auswirkungen auf Niederschlag und vor allem Starkniederschlag noch nicht ausreichend erfasst. Zahlreiche Modellstudien zeigen, dass die Bewässerungseffekte auf Niederschläge stark vom Forschungsgebiet, dem Modell selbst sowie der Repräsentation von Bewässerung im Modell beeinflusst werden.

Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Effekte von Bewässerung auf das regionale Klima und speziell auf den Niederschlag zu quantifizieren und die Unterschiede der Bewässerungsmethoden herauszuarbeiten. Hierfür werden zwei neue Parametrisierungen für die Oberflächenbewässerung und Beregnung entwickelt und in das regionale Klimamodell REMO implementiert, das interaktiv mit einem mosaikbasierten Vegetationsmodul (iMOVE) gekoppelt ist. Simulationen auf einer Auflösung von 12.5 km (0.11°) werden für das WCRP CORDEX FPS Convection Forschungsgebiet „Greater Alpine Region“ (GAR) durchgeführt, das intensive Bewässerungsflächen einfasst. Die Effekte der beiden Bewässerungsmethoden werden als Differenz zu Kontrollsimulationen berechnet und analysiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse werden hier vorgestellt.
Why PV Modules should preferably not be oriented to the South and why we need new measurements of spectral radiance
Authors: Seckmeyer Gunther
Published: December 2020

PV modules tilted and oriented toward east and west directions gain gradually more importance as an alternative to the presently-preferred south (north in the Southern Hemisphere) orientation and it is shown to become economically superior even under the reimbursement of feed-in tariﬀ (FIT). This is a consequence of the increasing spread between the decreasing costs of self-consumed solar power and the costs for power from the grid. One-minute values of irradiance were measured by silicon sensors at diﬀerent orientations and tilt angles in Hannover (Germany) over three years. We show that south-oriented collectors give the highest electrical power during the day, whereas combinations of east and west orientations (E-W) result in the highest self-consumption rate (SC), and combinations of southeast and southwest (SE-SW) orientations result in the highest degree of autarky (AD), although they reduce the yearly PV Power by 5–6%. Moreover, the economic analysis of PV systems without FIT shows that the SE-SW and E-W combinations have the lowest electricity cost and they are more beneﬁcial in terms of internal rate of return(IRR),compared to the S orientation at the same tilt. For PV systems with FIT, the S orientation presently provides the highest transfer of money from the supplier. However, as a consequence of the continuing decline of FIT, the economic advantage of S orientation is decreasing. E-W and SE-SW orientations are more beneﬁcial for the owner as soon as FIT decreases to 7 Ct/kWh. East and west orientations of PV modules do not only have beneﬁts for the individual owner but avoid high costs for storing energy—regardless who would own the storage facilities—and by avoiding high noon peaks of solar energy production during sunny periods,which would become an increasing problem for the grid if more solarpower is installed. Furthermore, two types of commonly used PV software (PVSOL and PVsyst) were used to simulate the system performance. The comparison with measurements showed that both PV software underestimate SC and AD for all studied orientations, leading to the conclusion that improvements are necessary in modelling. Such improvements, however, also require a better knowledge of the angular dependence of the spectral radiance under all sky conditions. Since the spectral radiance is complex and usually changes within seconds, we developed a new instrument capable of measuring the spectra of sky radiance in more than 100 directions within one second. First measurements with this novel instrument are shown.
Usability of climate information
Authors: Reveco Cristobal
Published: December 2020

This contribution discusses the concept of usability of climate information as a practice, and presents a new conceptual framework for its exploration. Decades of research have made evident that availability of climate information does not necessarily lead to climate sensitive policies or planning processes. While well documented technical, contextual, cognitive and structural factors have been discussed as enablers or barriers to usability; still, to date no explanatory model accounts for how usability actually takes place. This research contends that in order to progress in our understanding of the use of climate information, usability must be explored as a practice. The conceptual framework here proposed is constructed based on empirical observations from three city administrations. The framework is rooted on Site Ontologies, where usability results from interactions between people and climate information in a mutually constitutive process that unfolds through professional practices sustained by norms and shaped by experiential knowledge. The site is conceptualised as the coordination of work that articulates the use of climate information. The framework characterises the use of climate information through five typologies. Typologies vary according to policy arenas and are mediated by an interplay with two sets of cross-cutting practices: legitimation and data management practices. The research informs that climate information is used providing it fits working practices, concluding that a deep understanding of how working practices mediate the use of climate information is central to foster comprehension regarding the challenges presented by usability. Hence, it proposes that further research should engage in exploring science-policy interactions as mediated by working practices.
Über den Einfluss von Klimaschutz- und Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen auf das Stadtklima von Hamburg
Authors: Boettcher Marita , Asmus Christina , Wiese Anne , Schlünzen K. Heinke
Published: December 2020

Klimaschutz- und Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen beeinflussen durch ihre Wechselwirkung mit der Atmosphäre die lokale Meteorologie und können sogar das Klima verändern. Bei Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen wird dies gezielt genutzt, um z. B. das Stadtklima zu verändern. Aber auch Klimaschutzmaßnahmen, wie z. B. regenerative Energien, wirken auf die umgebende Atmosphäre und somit auf das Wetter und gegebenenfalls das Klima.

Das mesoskalige, numerische Modell der Atmosphäre METRAS wird in verschiedenen Studien zur Untersuchung der Auswirkungen von Klimaschutz- und Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen verwendet. Dazu wird das Stadtklima von Hamburg mit einem statistisch–dynamischen downscaling für die Sommermonate Juni, Juli und August, sowie die Wintermonate Dezember, Januar und Februar bis zu einer Auflösung von 250 m verfeinert. In verschiedenen Szenarien werden die Einflüsse der Maßnahmen auf die Atmosphäre untersucht. Insbesondere werden Anpassungsmaßnahmen des Stadtklimas, wie das Begrünen von Dächern, das Entsiegeln von Straßen und Parkplätzen, die Änderung der Albedo von Dächern, Straßen und Parkplätzen sowie die Änderung der Bebauungsdichte untersucht. Aber auch die Wirkung von regenerativen Energien, wie Windparks und Photovoltaikanlagen, auf die Atmosphäre wird untersucht.

In diesem Beitrag werden die vorranging wirkenden Prozesse der Klimaschutz- und Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen anhand der Modellergebnisse aufgeschlüsselt und eine Abschätzung gegeben, in welcher Klimasituation welche Maßnahmen einen großen Einfluss haben. Damit kann eine grobe Abschätzung der Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse auch auf andere Städte gegeben werden.
The impact of ship emission and future greener technologies on the region of the North Sea and Western Baltic Sea
Authors: Petrik Ronny , Schwarzkopf Daniel , Matthias Volker , Quante Markus
Published: December 2020

International ship traffic is steadily increasing since many years. The associated emission of pollutants like sulphur and nitrogen compounds has strong effects on the coastal air quality and the environment. For instance, investigations of Sofiev et al. (2018) show that the ships contribute about 20 % to the sulphur dioxide and 9 % to the global emission of nitrogen oxides. Thus, shipping is also important for climate change through emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosol particles and the input of acidifying and eutrophying substances into coastal waters.

The International Maritime Organization was and is on the way to implement regulations and guidelines to reduce the amount of emissions from the exhaust of ships (e.g. the Sulphur emission control area SECA for North and Batlic Sea). Moreover, new developments in ship technology and abatement measures will be developed and implemented in the next decades to support the ambitious goal of the IMO for heavy emission reductions.

Therefore, our contribution aims at the quantification of ship emissions in the region of North Sea and Western Baltic Sea and the impact on the coastal ecosystem. On the one side, we focus on the recent state but on the other side we want to project the ship emissions and related pollution to future decades.

Our framework is highly dependent on an accurate estimation of spatial and temporal distribution of ship emissions, which is related to ship movements and emission factors of pollutants. We utilize the HiMeMo-ship model developed at the HZG (Aulinger, 2016) and further improved during the last years. The HiMeMo-ship is a highly-flexible tool designed to calculate actual emissions and to consider also adaptation scenarios (as the MARPOL Annex VI regulation). In order to validate the results of the HZG model, we firstly present a comparison to the so-called reference inventory of the ship emission model STEAM (Jalkanen, 2012). It is shown, how robust the daily estimation of ship traffic and emissions is compared to STEAM. However, a systematic gap in CO2 and some other emissions between our model and STEAM is apparent and will be discussed in the talk, along with larger differences in some smaller areas of the Baltic Sea (complex manoeuvers and machine handling in the busy port areas).

Keeping the uncertainties from ship emission estimates in mind, we utilize the atmospheric chemical transport model CMAQ to simulate the impact of ships on the concentrations of pollutants in coastal regions and the ship-related depositional flux from the air into seawater. We demonstrate under which conditions the ship emissions preferably affect the environment and how this is reduced in scenarios of future ship development and traffic.
Jarzynski equality and Crooks relation for local models of air-sea
interaction
Authors: Wirth Achim , Lemarié Florian
Published: December 2020

Abstract. We show using a hierarchy of local models of air-sea interaction that the most prominent of the work theorems, the Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation can be applied to air-sea interaction. In the more idealized models, with and without a Coriolis force, the variability is provided from a Gaussian white-noise which modifies the shear between the atmosphere and the ocean. The dynamics is Gaussian and the Jarzynski equality and Crooks relation can be obtained analytically solving stochastic differential equations. The more involved model consists of interacting atmospheric and oceanic boundary-layers, where only the dependence on the vertical direction is resolved, the turbulence is modeled through standard turbulent models and the stochasticity comes from a randomized drag coefficient. It is integrated numerically and can give rise to a non-Gaussian dynamics. Also in this case the Jarzynski equality allows for calculating a dynamic-beta βD of the turbulent fluctuations (the equivalent of the thermodynamic-beta β = (kBT)−1 in thermal fluctuations). The Crooks relation gives the βD as a function of the magnitude of the work fluctuations. It is well defined (constant) in the Gaussian models and can show a slight variation in the more involved models. This demonstrates that recent concepts of stochastic thermodynamics used to study micro-systems subject to thermal fluctuations can further the understanding of geophysical fluid dynamics with turbulent fluctuations.
A status report on a section-based stratigraphic and palaeontological database – the Geobiodiversity Database
Authors: Xu Hong-He , Niu Zhi-Bin , Chen Yan-Sen
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Big data are significant for quantitative analysis and contribute to
data-driven scientific research and discoveries. Here a brief introduction
is given to the Geobiodiversity Database (GBDB), a comprehensive
stratigraphic and palaeontological database, and its data. The GBDB includes
abundant geological records from China and has supported a series of
scientific studies on the Paleozoic palaeogeography and tectonic and
biodiversity evolution of China. The data that the GBDB has including those that are newly
collected are described in detail; the statistical results and structure of
the data are given. A comparison between the GBDB; the largest
palaeobiological database, the Paleobiology Database (PBDB); and the geological rock database Macrostrat is drawn. The GBDB and other databases are complementary in
palaeontological and stratigraphic research. The GBDB will continually provide users access to detailed palaeontological and
stratigraphic data based on publications. Non-structured data of palaeontology and stratigraphy will also be included in the GBDB, and they
will be organically correlated with the existing data of the GBDB, making
the GBDB more widely used for both researchers and anyone who is interested
in fossils and strata. The GBDB fossil and stratum dataset (Xu, 2020) is
freely downloadable from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4245604.
BARRA v1.0: Kilometre-scale downscaling of an Australian regional
atmospheric reanalysis over four midlatitude domains
Authors: Su Chun-Hsu , Eizenberg Nathan , Jakob Dörte , Fox-Hughes Paul , Steinle Peter , White Christopher J. , Franklin Charmaine
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The development of convection-permitting models (CPMs) in numerical weather prediction has facilitated the creation of km-scale (1–4 km) regional reanalysis and climate projections. The Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia (BARRA) also aims to realise the benefits of these high-resolution models over Australian sub-regions for applications such as fire danger research, by nesting them in BARRA's 12 km regional reanalysis (BARRA-R). Four mid-latitude sub-regions are centred on Perth in Western Australia, Adelaide in South Australia, Sydney in New South Wales (NSW), and Tasmania. The resulting 29-year 1.5 km downscaled reanalyses (BARRA-C) are assessed for their added skill over BARRA-R and global reanalyses for near-surface parameters (temperature, wind and precipitation) at observation locations and against independent 5 km gridded analyses. BARRA-C demonstrates better agreement with point observations for temperature and wind, particularly in topographically complex regions and coastal regions. BARRA-C also improves upon BARRA-R in terms of intensity and timing of precipitation during the thunderstorm seasons in NSW, and spatial patterns of sub-daily rain fields during storm events. However, as a hindcast-only system, BARRA-C largely inherits the domain-averaged biases and temporal variations of biases from BARRA-R. Further, BARRA-C reflects known issues of CPMs: overestimation of heavy rain rates and rain cells, and underestimation of light rain occurrence.
A new criterion for determining the representative elementary volume of translucent porous media and inner contaminant
Authors: Wu Ming , Wu Jianfeng , Wu Jichun , Hu Bill X.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Representative elementary volume (REV) is essential for measuring and quantifying the effective parameters of a complex heterogeneous medium. To overcome the
limitations of the existing REV estimation criteria, a new REV estimation
criterion (χi) based on dimensionless range and gradient calculation is proposed in this study to estimate the REV of a translucent material based on light transmission techniques. Three sandbox experiments are performed to estimate REVs of porosity, density, tortuosity, and perchloroethylene (PCE) plume using multiple REV estimation criteria. In
comparison with χi, previous REV estimation criteria based on the
coefficient of variation (CVi), the entropy dimension (DIi) and the relative gradient error (εgi) are tested in REV quantification of translucent silica and the inner PCE plume to achieve their corresponding effects. Results suggest that the new criterion (χi) can effectively identify the REV in the materials, whereas the coefficient of variation and entropy dimension (F=-2.01×10-12+12π×1.50e-(REV-4.35)22⋅1.502)
are not effective. The relative gradient error can make the REV plateau obvious, while random fluctuations make the REV plateau difficult to identify accurately. Therefore, the new criterion is appropriate for REV estimation
of the translucent materials and inner contaminant. Models are built based
on a Gaussian equation to simulate the distribution of REVs for media properties, whose frequency of REV is dense in the middle and sparse on both sides. REV estimation of the PCE plume indicates that a high level of porosity leads to a large value of mean and standard deviation for REVs of PCE saturation (So) and PCE–water interfacial area (AOW). Fitted equations are derived from distribution of REVs for the PCE plume related to dm (distances from mass center to considered point) and dI (distances from injection position to considered point). Moreover, relationships between REVs of the PCE plume and So are fitted using regression analysis. Results suggest a decreasing trend appears for So-REV when So increases, while AOW-REV increases with increasing So.