bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of Earth Observation Knowledge Hub Based on Knowledge Graph
Authors: Cai Kuangsheng , Chen Zugang , Li Jin , Wang Shaohua , Li Guoqing , Li Jing , Guo Hengliang , Chen Feng , Zhu Liping
Published: September 2024

Owing to the rapid development of Earth observation and Internet technology, researchers have acquired and shared a large amount of Earth observation data. However, traditional data sharing does not provide direct solutions to problems. The large amount of tacit knowledge contained in scientific data, scientific literature, analysis models, software/code, documentation, and other scientific resources on Earth observation applications has not been effectively organized and shared. To solve this problem, the Group on Earth Observations proposed an Earth Observation Knowledge Hub (EOKH); however, there is no unified and clear method for building an EOKH to date. This paper presents an automatic construction method for an EOKH on the basis of a knowledge graph, which describes scientific data, scientific literature, analysis models, software/code, documentation, and other scientific resources and their semantic relationships. An automatic discovery algorithm of scientific and technological resources was also constructed in this study on the basis of a knowledge graph from the Internet. This algorithm is capable of the automatic creation of knowledge packages and the construction of links between knowledge elements. Then, the knowledge discovery algorithm was evaluated through comparison with an existing method in relation to accuracy, and the results showed that our method outperforms the existing method. Lastly, the knowledge package was published on the Linked Open Data Cloud platform in the Resource Description Framework format, and an EOKH was created. Moreover, an application terminal based on SPARQL allowing users to search the EOKH was developed. A clear and operational method for the construction of an EOKH is proposed for the first time in this research, laying the foundation for the development of the EOKH.
A deep learning approach to prediction of blood group antigens from genomic data
Authors: Moslemi Camous , Sækmose Susanne , Larsen Rune , Brodersen Thorsten , Bay Jakob T. , Didriksen Maria , Nielsen Kaspar R. , Bruun Mie T. , Dowsett Joseph , Dinh Khoa M. , Mikkelsen Christina , Hyvärinen Kati , Ritari Jarmo , Partanen Jukka , Ullum Henrik , Erikstrup Christian , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Olsson Martin L. , Pedersen Ole B.
Published: September 2024

Background

Deep learning methods are revolutionizing natural science. In this study, we aim to apply such techniques to develop blood type prediction models based on cheap to analyze and easily scalable screening array genotyping platforms.

Methods

Combining existing blood types from blood banks and imputed screening array genotypes for ~111,000 Danish and 1168 Finnish blood donors, we used deep learning techniques to train and validate blood type prediction models for 36 antigens in 15 blood group systems. To account for missing genotypes a denoising autoencoder initial step was utilized, followed by a convolutional neural network blood type classifier.

Results

Two thirds of the trained blood type prediction models demonstrated an F1‐accuracy above 99%. Models for antigens with low or high frequencies like, for example, Cw, low training cohorts like, for example, Cob, or very complicated genetic underpinning like, for example, RhD, proved to be more challenging for high accuracy (>99%) DL modeling. However, in the Danish cohort only 4 out of 36 models (Cob, Cw, D‐weak, Kpa) failed to achieve a prediction F1‐accuracy above 97%. This high predictive performance was replicated in the Finnish cohort.

Discussion

High accuracy in a variety of blood groups proves viability of deep learning‐based blood type prediction using array chip genotypes, even in blood groups with nontrivial genetic underpinnings. These techniques are suitable for aiding in identifying blood donors with rare blood types by greatly narrowing down the potential pool of candidate donors before clinical grade confirmation.
Use of low titer O whole blood in infants and young children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Griselli Massimo , Said Sameh M. , Spinella Philip C. , Evans Michael , Cohn Claudia S. , Joyner Nitasha , Richtsfeld Martina , Fahey‐Arndt Kayla , Welbig Julie , Beilman Greg , Zantek Nicole D. , Steiner Marie E.
Published: September 2024

Background

Low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) is commonly used for severe bleeding in trauma patients. LTOWB may also benefit young children requiring cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at risk of severe bleeding.

Study Design and Methods

In this retrospective study, children <2 years old who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were included. Comparisons were performed between those receiving component therapy (CT) versus those receiving LTOWB plus CT (LTOWB+CT). Outcomes included drainage tube (DT) output and total transfusion volumes. Optimization‐based weighting was used for adjusted analyses between groups.

Results

There were 117 patients transfused with only CT and 127 patients transfused with LTOWB+CT. In the LTOWB+CT group, 66 were Group non‐O and 61 were Group O. Total transfusion volumes given from the start of the operation until the first 24 h in the cardiac intensive care unit was a median (IQR) 41 (10, 93) mL/kg in the CT group and 48 (28, 77) mL/kg in the LTOWB+CT group, (p = .28). Median (IQR) DT output was 22 (15–32) in CT versus 22 (16–28) in LTOWB+CT groups, (p = .27). There were no differences in death, renal failure and a composite of death and renal failure between the two groups, but there were statistically fewer re‐explorations for bleeding in the LTOWB+CT group (p < .001).

Conclusions

The use of LTOWB appears to be safe in <2 years old undergoing cardiac surgery and may reduce re‐explorations for severe bleeding. Large trials are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of LTOWB in this population with severe bleeding.
Practicing Netiquette in Online Communication Between Students and Professors in Higher Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Assad Amr , Kaleel Akhmed , Zainal Izani , Wadood Rizwan
Published: September 2024

The main objective of this research is to perform an in-depth analysis of current online behaviors and desired netiquette rules among students and teachers in higher education institutions. The pervasive integration of technology into education, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, has necessitated a shift from traditional face-to-face learning to online platforms. This transition highlights the importance of netiquette— a set of guidelines for etiquette on the internet. The systematic literature review design was performed to critically and analytically explore the findings of the previously published studies on the topic. A total of 8 peer-reviewed articles passed the inclusion criteria and were reviewed to extract data for the analysis. A PRISMA model was used to conduct the systematic literature review process. The review conducted in this study examines the extent to which these norms are understood and adhered to within higher education, particularly focusing on communication between students and professors. The research encapsulates the evolution of online communication practices and identifies the challenges and opportunities arising from the reliance on digital platforms in academic settings. By synthesizing existing literature, the study reveals gaps in knowledge and practice regarding netiquette, underscoring the necessity for more targeted research to develop effective strategies for fostering positive and productive online interactions. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the enhancement of communication practices in digital learning environments, thereby improving the overall quality of education delivered online.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ ТУБЕРКУЛЁЗА: СИНТЕЗ НАНОЧАСТИЦ, ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ И УВЕЛИЧЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ
Authors: Галиева А.Р. , Тажбаев Е.М.
Published: September 2024

Полимерные наночастицы (НЧ) представляют большой интерес для биомедицинских исследований, в частности, для применения в области доставки лекарств противотуберкулезных препаратов (ПТП). Доставка лекарств на основе полимерных наночастиц является перспективным в решении таких проблем, как низкая биодоступность, токсичность и длительное лечение туберкулеза или для преодоления побочных эффектов, связанных с ПТП и был успешно использован в различных доклинических исследованиях.
Природные и синтетические полимеры используются для получения полимерных НЧ в качестве наноносителей для доставки лекарств. Общие примеры природных полимеров, пригодных для легочной доставки, являются альбумин, альгинат, хитозан и желатин. Синтетические полимеры включают сополимеры полимолочной и гликолевой кислоты (PLGA), полимолочная кислота, полиангидрид и полиакрилат.
Наше исследование направлено на синтез и оптимизацию наночастиц на основе различных полимеров, а также на разработку методов иммобилизации противотуберкулёзного препарата "Изониазид" в полимерную матрицу для увеличения эффективности лечения множественно лекарственно устойчивых форм туберкулеза.
Наши исследования направлены на синтез и оптимизацию наночастиц на основе природных и синтетических полимеров (полилактид, полилактид-со-гликолид, человеческий и бычий сывороточный альбумин), а также ПЭГилированных наночастиц альбумина. Кроме того, иммобилизация противотуберкулёзного препарата «Изониазид» в полимерную матрицу, которое пролонгирует действие лекарственного препарата и дает возможность в решении проблемы неэффективности лечения из-за несоблюдения пациентами режима лечения. Полученные результаты показали, что использование наночастиц в качестве носителей лекарственных препаратов открывает возможности при лечении множественно лекарственно устойчивых форм туберкулеза.
Работа выполнена в рамках программно-целевого финансирования Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан № АP14871344 " Разработка коллоидных систем доставки лекарств на основе биополимеров для химиотерапии туберкулеза".
Comparison of Rim Sealing Effectiveness in Different Geometrical Configurations
Authors: Orsini L. , Picchi A. , Facchini B. , Bonini A. , Innocenti L.
Published: September 2024

The flow field developing inside the stator–rotor cavities of gas turbines is characterized by a complex unsteady behavior which still requires expensive and time consuming computational fluid dynamics simulations to be accurately modeled. Hence, the experimental characterization of the rim sealing effectiveness by means of scaled down geometries that replicate the rim seals found in actual engines still represent a widely used approach in literature. However, the obtained results can greatly depend on the specific geometry of the tested rim seal. Moreover, different geometrical parameters can vary during the operation of the engine, especially under transient or off-design conditions, thus influencing the resulting effectiveness values. For this reason, the sealing performance of seven different configurations of radial rim seals has been investigated and the obtained dataset has been correlated by using the orifice model. Hence, a detailed comparison of the results allowed the evaluation of the impact of different values of axial overlap, different distances between the vanes trailing edge and the blades leading edge and different values of radial gap. In particular, a three times greater axial overlap and a modest increase in the distance between the trailing edge of the vanes and the leading edge of the blades were both found to provide a limited improvement in the sealing performance, with a respective average reduction in Φmin of approximately 5% and 6%. A radial gap 2.4 times greater was instead found to lead to an average increase in the required quantity of sealing flowrate of approximately 44%. Hence, the amount of purge flow required to fully seal a cavity was not found to exhibit a linear increase with the radial gap.
Preparing Future Change Agents: A Commitment to Social Justice
Authors: Ladda Shawn
Published: September 2024

The 2024 American Kinesiology Association Undergraduate Education Network session included a keynote address titled “Preparing Future Change Agents: A Commitment to Social Justice.” From my lived experience, I learned much from being marginalized as a female athlete. Through reflecting on these experiences and my formal education, the question asked was, What were those pivotal experiences that developed attitudes and values toward all-consuming social justice? Besides having parents who reinforced that one can do anything they set their mind to do, living across the country and learning the value of diversity and having educationally impactful experiences in the “world classroom” had a huge impact on my valuing diversity. From my formal educational experiences, I remember few lecture-type classes. Content knowledge is important, but the more impactful classes and experiences were experiential and hands-on. The following are my reflections and recommendations for preparing future change agents.
Pacific Ocean–originated anthropogenic carbon and its long-term variations in the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Zhixuan , Cao Zhimian , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhai Weidong , Luo Yaohua , Lin Yuxin , Roberts Elliott , Gan Jianping , Dai Minhan
Published: September 2024

Coastal oceans, traditionally seen as a conduit for transporting atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO
2
)–derived anthropogenic carbon (C
ANT
) to open oceans, exhibit complex carbon exchanges at their interface. South China Sea (SCS) exemplifies this complexity, where interactions with the Pacific, particularly through Kuroshio intrusion, challenge the understanding of C
ANT
source and variability in a coastal ocean. Contrary to prevailing paradigm expectations, our high-resolution, long-term data reveal that C
ANT
in the SCS primarily originates from Pacific water injection across the Luzon Strait rather than atmospheric CO
2
invasion. Over the past two decades, the SCS has experienced increasing C
ANT
levels, with notable interannual fluctuations driven by El Niño and La Niña events influencing Kuroshio intrusion, generating anomalously high and low C
ANT
inventories, respectively. This highlights an overlooked C
ANT
transport pathway from open to coastal oceans, responsible for cumulative ocean acidification that has already affected coral reefs enriched in the SCS located west of the Coral Triangle.
H
2
O
2
sulfenylates CHE, linking local infection to the establishment of systemic acquired resistance
Authors: Cao Lijun , Karapetyan Sargis , Yoo Heejin , Chen Tianyuan , Mwimba Musoki , Zhang Xing , Dong Xinnian
Published: September 2024

In plants, a local infection can lead to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) through increased production of salicylic acid (SA). For many years, the identity of the mobile signal and its direct transduction mechanism for systemic SA synthesis in initiating SAR have been debated. We found that in
Arabidopsis thaliana
, after a local infection, the conserved cysteine residue of the transcription factor CCA1 HIKING EXPEDITION (CHE) undergoes sulfenylation in systemic tissues, which enhances its binding to the promoter of the SA-synthesis gene
ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1
(
ICS1
) and increases SA production. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) produced through NADPH oxidases is the mobile signal that sulfenylates CHE in a concentration-dependent manner. Accumulation of SA and the previously reported signal molecules, such as
N
-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), then form a signal amplification loop to establish SAR.
Of the first five US states with food waste bans, Massachusetts alone has reduced landfill waste
Authors: Anglou Fiorentia Zoi , Sanders Robert Evan , Stamatopoulos Ioannis
Published: September 2024

Diverting food waste from landfills is crucial to reduce emissions and meet Paris Agreement targets. Between 2014 and 2024, nine US states banned commercial waste generators—such as grocery chains—from landfilling food waste, expecting a 10 to 15% waste reduction. However, no evaluation of these bans exists. We compile a comprehensive waste dataset covering 36 US states between 1996 and 2019 to evaluate the first five implemented state-level bans. Contrary to policy-makers’ expectations, we can reject aggregate waste reductions higher than 3.2%, and we cannot reject a zero-null aggregate effect. Moreover, we cannot reject a zero-null effect for any other state except Massachusetts, which gradually achieved a 13.2% reduction. Our findings reveal the need to reassess food waste bans using Massachusetts as a benchmark for success.
Exploiting the mechanical effects of ultrasound for noninvasive therapy
Authors: O’Reilly Meaghan A.
Published: September 2024

Focused ultrasound is a platform technology capable of eliciting a wide range of biological responses with high spatial precision deep within the body. Although focused ultrasound is already in clinical use for focal thermal ablation of tissue, there has been a recent growth in development and translation of ultrasound-mediated nonthermal therapies. These approaches exploit the physical forces of ultrasound to produce a range of biological responses dependent on exposure conditions. This review discusses recent advances in four application areas that have seen particular growth and have immense clinical potential: brain drug delivery, neuromodulation, focal tissue destruction, and endogenous immune system activation. Owing to the maturation of transcranial ultrasound technology, the brain is a major target organ; however, clinical indications outside the brain are also discussed.
Stoichiometric reconstruction of the Al
2
O
3
(0001) surface
Authors: Hütner Johanna I. , Conti Andrea , Kugler David , Mittendorfer Florian , Kresse Georg , Schmid Michael , Diebold Ulrike , Balajka Jan
Published: September 2024

Macroscopic properties of materials stem from fundamental atomic-scale details, yet for insulators, resolving surface structures remains a challenge. We imaged the basal (0001) plane of α–aluminum oxide (α-Al
2
O
3
) using noncontact atomic force microscopy with an atomically defined tip apex. The surface formed a complex (

31

×

31

)
R
±9° reconstruction. The lateral positions of the individual oxygen and aluminum surface atoms come directly from experiment; we determined with computational modeling how these connect to the underlying crystal bulk. Before the restructuring, the surface Al atoms assume an unfavorable, threefold planar coordination; the reconstruction allows a rehybridization with subsurface O that leads to a substantial energy gain. The reconstructed surface remains stoichiometric, Al
2
O
3
.
Maxine F. Singer (1931–2024)
Authors: Spradling Allan , Halpern Marnie E.
Published: September 2024

Prominent biochemist and science advocate
Hunt for longevity drugs gets new life
Authors: Leslie Mitch
Published: September 2024

Decades-old project has new funding and a new set of compounds to test
Duplicated phrases in peer review draw scrutiny
Authors: Brainard Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

Hundreds of papers bear signs of reviewers using templates for personal gain
Supplemental Material: Three-dimensional anatomy of a Cretaceous river avulsion
Authors: Speed Cole , al. et
Published: September 2024

Additional details related to methodology. Data and code are available in an online repository (www.github.com/cmspeed/avulsion).  
Supplemental Material: Miocene ice sheet dynamics and sediment deposition in the Central Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: McKay Robert , al. et
Published: September 2024

Grain size data for IODP Site U1521. 
Optically Controlled Fine-Tuning Phase Shift Cell Based on Thin-Film Ge2Sb2Te5 for Light Beam Phase Modulation
Authors: Kiselev A. V. , Nevzorov A. A. , Burtsev A. A. , Mikhalevsky V. A. , Eliseev N. N. , Ionin V. V. , Lotin A. A.
Published: September 2024

We present the experimental study of free-space optical control of the optical beam phase shift caused by the formation of a layered structure in an elementary controllable cell made of phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 subjected to the controlling effect of pulsed laser radiation. The phase change of the signal optical beam passing through the controlled cell from phase-change material relative to the control beam in the Jamin interferometer is demonstrated.
Assessment of a probabilistic supervised machine learning method to estimate biomass expansion and conversion factors: a case study on cedar and pine trees
Authors: Diamantopoulou Maria J. , Kurnaz Emine , Kalkanlı Genç Şerife , Güner Şükrü Teoman , Çömez Aydın , Özçelik Ramazan
Published: September 2024

Quantifying tree and forest biomass is crucial for formulating effective forest policy and management, given its role in human resource use and carbon storage. Forest biomass significantly contributes to environmental quality by absorbing carbon dioxide. Current research focuses on accurately determining biomass factors for various tree species, reflecting the emphasis on estimating and predicting tree biomass and carbon stocks. This study employed both standard nonlinear regression modeling ( NLR) and Gaussian process regression ( GPR), a machine learning method using artificial intelligence, to estimate and predict biomass expansion and conversion factors accurately. The case study included plantation forests and naturally occurring cedar and pine trees in Türkiye’s Western Inner Anatolian Region and Göller Region (Northern Mediterranean Region). Nonlinear regression used the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method, while GPR employed the radial basis function kernel. This dual approach allowed for assessing prediction uncertainties. The models constructed using GPR show superior performance compared to the NLR models for both biomass factors and species within the datasets used. According to the Furnival evaluation metric values, the accuracy of the NLR models was 1.05 to 1.34 times lower than that of the corresponding GPR models. The overall findings highlight the significant potential of GPR for accurately estimating and predicting biomass factors with high variances. This emphasizes its utility in modeling scenarios that require high flexibility, such as tree biomass prediction.
Plasmonic Crystals for Terahertz Detection, Amplification, and Generation
Authors: Shur Michael , Mikalopas John , Aizin Gregory
Published: September 2024

TeraFET arrays operating in plasmonic regimes could support the transition from 5G to 6G communication if the constituent TeraFETs operate in synchrony. Such arrays are plasmonic crystals supporting Bloch-like waves of electron density oscillations. The key issues are breaking symmetry and maintaining appropriate boundary conditions between the unit cells. The symmetry must be broken to choose the response polarity to detect the direction of the plasmonic instability growth for generating THz oscillations. The coherence of plasma waves propagating in individual cells of the plasmonic crystal results in continuous waves in the entire structure. Using the narrow stripes at the unit cell edges (called plasmonic stubs) could maintain such coherence. Another advantage of TeraFET arrays is the reduced effects of parasitic contact resistance. This advantage is even more pronounced in ring plasmonic structures used for converting THz radiation into a magnetic field (giant inverse Faraday effect).
Prospects for establishing limits on the SMEFT operators from the production processes of three and four top quarks in hadron collisions
Authors: Aleshko A. , Boos E. , Bunichev V. , Dudko L.
Published: September 2024

Numerical simulations of three and four top quark hadroproduction processes are carried out in the SMEFT model framework. The simulated data are used to derive expected theoretical constraints on Wilson coefficients of relevant SMEFT operators of dimension six. Obtained limits for both cases are discussed and compared in terms of processes’ sensitivity to possible BSM contribution. Results show that operator [Formula: see text] is better constrained by the process of four top quark production, whereas other four operators [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], are similarly constrained in three and four top quark production processes. In all cases, the expected limits taken from the simultaneous analysis of the production of three and four top quarks are strengthened. Analytical expressions for the partial amplitudes of the processes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] caused by the operators [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] were obtained for the first time. Based on the expressions of the obtained partial amplitudes, graphs of the perturbative unitarity boundary for the listed operators were drawn. The question of how kinematic cuts motivated by partial unitarity affect the resulting constraints on the Willson coefficients is addressed. It is shown that in all cases the limits are getting somewhat worse if such cuts are applied.
Fire Recognition Method Based on PSO-BP Neural Network and ResNet50
Authors: Ren Jing , Shi Xiaoyan , Cao Xianghong
Published: September 2024

The rapid development of modern society and continuous urbanization have resulted in a proliferation of functional buildings, which offer significant convenience to individuals, but pose significant fire hazards as well. How to detect the fire at the early stage is always the focus of research. This paper proposes a multi-information source fusion fire recognition method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO)-backpropagation (BP) neural networks and ResNet50. The PSO algorithm is applied to optimize the initial parameters of a BP neural network model, while data from three sensors — temperature, humidity and smoke — are integrated, through iterative training of the system, accurate recognition of sensor data can be achieved. Additionally, a method is proposed for the recognition of infrared fire images using ResNet50 and transfer learning. By improving the ResNet50 network model and migrating the ResNet50 pre-trained network weight, infrared fire image recognition accuracy is further enhanced. Then the sensor information recognition results and image information recognition results are input into the fuzzy system for fusion reasoning again, and the final decision is output according to the set fuzzy rules. Experimental findings demonstrate that the multi-information source fusion approach utilizing the PSO-BP neural network and ResNet50 significantly enhances the accuracy and response time of fire recognition, and achieves a remarkable recognition effect.
Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction Based on Dense Residual Attention and Multi-Scale Feature Fusion
Authors: Shi Jianguo , Xiu Yu , Tang Ganyi
Published: September 2024

In order to obtain super-resolution images with richer details and clearer textures, a method for image super-resolution reconstruction using dense residual attention and multi-scale fusion is proposed. First, different scale convolutions are used to fully extract shallow features of the image; then high-frequency features of the image are extracted through one three-layer cascaded multi-scale feature fusion and dense residual attention module, and the reuse of feature map is achieved; finally, residual branches are used to introduce shallow features and high-frequency features of each channel image, and the high-resolution images are reconstructed through up-sampling and sub-pixel convolution. The test results on the Set5, Set14, Bsd100, and Urban100 datasets show that the PSNR and SSIM of our model are superior to most current algorithms, especially in the case of [Formula: see text] reconstruction results. PSNR has improved by 0.2 dB on the Set5 and Bsd100 datasets, and the algorithm has a better subjective visual effect.
Investigation of PNN Inverter-Based Low PDP 12T GNRFET Full Adder for VLSI Signal Processing Applications
Authors: Radhakrishnan K. R. , Ramesh J. , Elangovan M.
Published: September 2024

When an adder circuit, which uses less power and operates at a higher speed, is introduced as a fundamental building block, the multiplier, arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), and digital system’s power delay product (PDP) performance can be easily improved. The graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor (GNRFET) used in very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits was developed in the submicron regime and offers superior electrical properties to the MOS transistor. This research paper introduces a full-adder circuit containing twelve GNRFETs (12T GF-FA). Calculations have been made about the introduced 12T GF-FA’s power usage, speed, PDP and leakage power. A few of the existing full adders with 8–32 transistors are compared to the performance of the newly proposed 12T GF-FA in terms of power and delay. For this comparison, some conventional full adders with 8–32 transistors have been implemented using 16[Formula: see text]nm technology GNRFETs. The pull-down network of the suggested adder has two stacked GNRFETs. The proposed adder’s current conduction and power consumption are reduced by the use of stacked transistors. According to the simulation results, the PDP of the suggested 12T GF-FA is 73.2–99% lower when compared to other full adders considered state-of-the-art. Additionally, it has been researched and documented how variations in the PVT and GNRFET parameters affect the performance of full-adder circuits. The proposed adder, with its low PDP, is especially suitable for VLSI signal processing applications. The simulation was carried out using the HSPICE simulation tool and the 16[Formula: see text]nm MOS-GNRFET model.
A Novel RNS Hardware Architecture of FRM Filter Banks for Digital Hearing Aids
Authors: Philip Sajan P. , Sampath P. , Elango S.
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a novel hardware architecture for Frequency Response Masking (FRM) Filter Bank based on Residue Number System (RNS) arithmetic for Digital Hearing Aids (DHA). FRM is a computationally efficient approach for filter bank design that separates different frequencies based on the Audiograms of a patient. However, filter banks are critical power-hungry elements that require high computational resources. Therefore, the proposed architecture aims to provide an efficient implementation of FRM filter banks, which can improve the value and affordability of DHAs. The proposed architecture employs FIR filters in direct form, linear phase, and poly phase using RNS arithmetic. This approach enables the performance of arithmetic operations in parallel and independently. The concepts are further extended for the efficient implementation of FRM filter bank. The results of the proposed architecture show that direct implementation reduces the delay when the number of taps increases in the FIR filter. However, to reduce computational resources and optimize the area requirement, a Folded RNS architecture is also proposed. The Folded RNS architecture offers hardware savings of 23–27% for a 40-tap FIR filter and 29–31% for a 60-tap FIR filter. Additionally, it improves speed by 13–15% for a 40-tap FIR filter and 16–19% for a 60-tap folded RNS FIR filter. The implementation of FRM filter bank using the folded FIR filter shows the same trend in hardware saving and speed improvement as in the case of FIR filters. These results demonstrate that the proposed hardware architecture has the potential to improve the efficiency and affordability of DHAs while enhancing the listening comfort, which can enhance the quality of life for patients with hearing impairments.
Point Multiplication Acceleration Over Edwards25519 Using FPGA
Authors: Salarifard Raziyeh , Akhoundi-Zardeyni Rasoul
Published: September 2024

Point multiplication is the most expensive operation in ECC as it repetitively utilizes field multiplication. In this research, we propose an efficient FPGA-based point multiplication over Edwards25519. The majority of the enhancements stem from the invention of a novel field multiplier and the implementation of three general rules to achieve optimal scheduling of operations in the point multiplication. First, field multiplications with the longest path are given the highest precedence. Second, field multiplications with a greater number of output edges are given higher precedence. Third, priority is given to the field multiplications that compute the final outputs. The innovative field multiplier is based on the Karatsuba–Ofman multiplication method, which involves four steps. This multiplier uses fewer additions and subtractions than the original numbers. Additionally, it features a semi-systolic architecture with a few register layers, resulting in low CPD and latency. Compared to the most efficient previous work, the proposed point multiplication is 139% more efficient and 7% faster.
A fast algorithm for Stallings foldings over virtually free groups
Authors: Cookson Samuel , Touikan Nicholas
Published: September 2024

We give a simple algorithm to solve the subgroup membership problem for virtually free groups given as a graph of finite groups. For a fixed virtually free group with a fixed generating set X, the subgroup membership problem is uniformly solvable in time [Formula: see text] where N is the sum of the word lengths of the inputs with respect to X. For practical purposes, this can be considered to be linear time. The algorithm is simple enough to work out small examples by hand and concrete examples are given to show how it can be used for computations in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We also give fast algorithm to decide whether a finitely generated subgroup of a virtually free group is free.
NEW GENERALIZATION AND REFINEMENT OF THE DIAMOND-α INTEGRAL CAUCHY–SCHWARTZ INEQUALITY ON TIME SCALES
Authors: TANG HUIYU , CHEN GUANGSHENG , LUO WEN TING
Published: September 2024

This paper is concerned with new generalizations and refinements of the diamond-[Formula: see text] integral Cauchy–Schwartz inequality on time scales. The new generalization and refinement of the Cauchy–Schwartz inequality related to diamond integral on time scales are also considered. These obtained inequalities unify continuous inequalities and their corresponding discrete forms associated with Cauchy–Schwartz inequality.
WELD QUALITY APPRAISAL OF AA1050/Cu FSWed JOINTS: A NOVEL HYBRID TAGUCHI–WASPAS–ALIBABA AND THE FORTY THIEVES ALGORITHM
Authors: KUMARI KANCHAN , PRADHAN SWASTIK , PRIYADARSHINI MANISHA , BARUA ABHISHEK
Published: September 2024

Several studies using Friction Stir Welding (FSW) on dissimilar Aluminium and Copper weld configurations and the mechanical and microstructure characteristics, as well as the identification of intermetallic phases that appear in the weld region, have been conducted. Indeed, earlier several studies had been conducted in both lap and butt FSW joint designs. Even so, Al–Cu lap welding has received further attention than butt–welding, which has attracted only a few studies thus far. The studies ended with varying findings and were unable to reach high strengths despite the fact that very few studies addressed tool placement factors. The present investigation starts with butt–welding of AA1050 and pure Cu sheet by employing the FSW procedure. Experimental trails were designed using the L16 array (Taguchi’s technique) with distinct combinations of tool spinning speed, tool offset, welding speed, and plunge depth. Weld parameters such as compressive strength (CS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and average hardness at nugget zone (AHNZ) were evaluated using three different optimization methodologies, i.e. the WASPAS method, Alibaba and the Forty Thieves algorithm, and the Taguchi–WASPAS method, to find out the best weld constraint arrangement for maximizing the welded joint mechanical characteristics. ANOVA test was also conducted, which revealed that welding speed is the most significant and influential FSW factor for Al–Cu butt–welding using FSW. Finally, confirmatory tests were piloted to check the consistency of the predicted FSW parameters.
Characterizations of rectifying curves under conformal transformation using Darboux frame in Euclidean 3-Space
Authors: Badyal Pushpinder , Sharma Sandeep , Singh Kuljeet
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the study of rectifying curves on smooth surfaces using the Darboux frame in Euclidean-3 space. We obtain sufficient conditions for the image of an asymptotic and non-asymptotic rectifying curve to remain invariant under conformal transformation. Furthermore, we investigate the variations of these asymptotic and non-asymptotic rectifying curves along any tangent vector [Formula: see text], along the surface normal [Formula: see text], and along [Formula: see text].
A Multi-view Graph Contrastive Learning Framework for Cross-Domain Sequential Recommendation
Authors: Xu Zitao , Chen Shu , Pan Weike , Ming Zhong
Published: September 2024

Cross-domain sequential recommendation aims to alleviate the sparsity problem while capturing users’ sequential preferences. However, most existing methods learn the user preferences in each domain separately, and then perform knowledge transfer between them to associate two separated domains, which neglects the item transition patterns across sequences from different domains. Moreover, the sparsity problem still exists since some items in the target and source domains are interacted with only a limited number of times. To address these issues, in this paper we propose a generic framework named multi-view graph contrastive learning (MGCL). Specifically, we tackle the problem from the perspective of an intra-domain item representation view and an inter-domain user preference view. From the former view, we adopt the contrastive mechanism to jointly learn the dynamic sequential information in a user sequence graph and the static collaborative information in the cross-domain global graph, while the latter view is to capture the complementary information of the user’s preferences from different domains. Considering that there are multiple domains in real-world scenarios, we further extend MGCL to MGCL + for multi-domain sequential recommendation and design multi-domain adaptive gated networks to alleviate the negative transfer problem. Extensive empirical studies on three real-world datasets demonstrate that our MGCL and MGCL + significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Cardiac lymphatics undergo distinct remodeling during hypertrophic and nonhypertrophic pregnancy
Authors: Kistner Bryan M. , Tian Yanna , Douglas Elizabeth S. , Caron Kathleen M.
Published: September 2024

Cardiac lymphatics remodel in response to physiological and pathological stresses. This study is the first to investigate cardiac lymphatic vessel changes during pregnancy. BALB/cJ mice, which do not undergo pregnancy-induced cardiac hypertrophy, show decreased lymphatic length, number of end points, and junctions on the ventral side during pregnancy. In contrast, C57BL/6J mice, which undergo pregnancy-induced cardiac hypertrophy, had no such changes. These findings underscore the complexity of genetic and physiological factors contributing to cardiac lymphatic remodeling.
Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery of Perm1 enhances cardiac contractility in mice
Authors: Sreedevi Karthi , Zaitsev Alexey V. , Doku Abigail , Thomas Rebekah , James Amina , Do Sara , Zhang Mei , Sedovy Meghan W. , Leng Xinyan , Dennison Clare L. , Johnstone Scott R. , Kirk Jonathan A. , Yan Zhen , Warren Junco S.
Published: September 2024

Perm1 gene delivered with AAV9 enhances cardiac contractility in mice, and it is concomitant with the increase of mitochondrial bioenergetics and upregulation of TnC. This is the first study showing that PERM1, previously known as a striated muscle-specific mitochondrial regulator, also positively regulates cardiac contractility.
Role of Local Angiotensin II Signaling in Bladder Function
Authors: Anderson Hannah A. , Robilotto Gabriella L. , Mickle Aaron D.
Published: September 2024

Local renin-angiotensin signaling is present within various organ systems of the body. Angiotensin II signaling acts as a crucial mechanism of the renin-angiotensin signaling system. In this manuscript, we review current literature regarding local angiotensin II signaling in the urinary bladder. Our interest in this pathway is due to its potential role in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and other bladder diseases, which are chronic in nature and negatively affect patients' quality of life. Current treatments for bladder diseases are generally ineffective due to our lack of understanding of their pathophysiology. We evaluate literature investigating angiotensin II signaling in the bladder across several perspectives, including local expression and production, functional properties, tissue morphology, and clinical implications. Further, we identify gaps in knowledge and suggest areas where we can improve our understanding of angiotensin II signaling in the bladder.
Acute Bilateral Posterior Meniscal Root Tears in the Setting of a Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Authors: Daniel Adam V. , Kelly Shayne R. , Smith Patrick A.
Published: September 2024

Combined medial and lateral posterior meniscal root tears in the setting of an acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture are extremely rare. The following case report demonstrates a high school football player who sustained a noncontact knee injury while performing a spin move at practice. The patient is a 17‐year‐old high school football defensive end who was presented to the clinic 1 week following the injury complaining of persistent knee pain with associated swelling, limited range of motion (ROM), and complaint of instability. During physical examination, the patient was found to have anterior cruciate laxity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a complete midsubstance tear of the ACL and increased signal within the posterior horn of the medial meniscus with no obvious signs of pathology localized to the lateral meniscus. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) was performed and intraoperatively, both medial and lateral root tears were found. A standard bone patellar‐tendon bone (BTB) autograft ACLR was performed with combined medial and lateral root repair utilizing a transtibial pull‐out method for both. The clinical importance is root tears with associated ACL tears can be hard to diagnose on preoperative MRI, especially laterally, so careful assessment of both meniscal roots at the time of arthroscopy is critical. Furthermore, careful creation of the needed root repair tunnels for transtibial repair is critical to avoid coalescence with the ACL tibial tunnel.
The Wine Quality of Merlot Relies in Irrigation Supplementation and Spotlights Sustainable Production Constraints in Mediterranean‐Type Ecosystems
Authors: Ribalta-Pizarro Camila , Muñoz Paula , Munné-Bosch Sergi
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims. The Mediterranean climate has been traditionally favorable for winemaking and irrigation practice has been historically avoided and even forbidden, but current productive scenarios are suffering radical changes because of global warming. Therefore, seeking sustainable approaches to improve water availability is key to obtaining high‐quality wines and maintain its style, without affecting yields. Methods and Results. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of irrigation in Merlot vineyards, on grapes production and quality, and also on wine acceptability. Field‐grown grapevines from cv. “Merlot” were subjected to two different water supplies in the field: (i) nonirrigated plants and (ii) irrigated plants with 50% of crop evapotranspiration, from veraison to commercial harvest. We assessed water stress markers such as leaf relative water content, leaf hydration, and the maximum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry, as well as grape and wine quality parameters, wine acceptability, and preference with a panel composed of 100 participants. Furthermore, we performed a systematic review study for comparison, including 9 published reports on Merlot grapevines subjected to different water regimes, oriented to improve irrigation decisions, yield, and/or quality. Results showed that half water supply on grapevines not only induced an increase in the volume and weight of grapes, but the resulting wines had a lower total acidity and showed more desirable chromatic properties, increasing colour intensity and hue, and decreasing brightness. Sensory analysis revealed that 63% of the untrained panel preferred wines from the irrigation treatment. Integrating previously reported data, it is observed that water scarcity is favorable for quality only when compared with fully irrigated vineyards. Conclusions. It is concluded that a half irrigation can be enough to improve grape quality under Mediterranean conditions, without affecting yield components and enhancing sensory characteristics that can improve wine acceptance by consumers. Water management approaches to sustainably provide this extra amount of water to irrigate field‐grown grapevines under the current context of climate change are discussed. Significance of the Study. The present study’s findings provide valuable information regarding water management in Mediterranean vineyards and its effects on the suitability of these areas to maintain high‐quality wine production.
Eigenvalues of Relatively Prime Graphs Connected with Finite Quasigroups
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Ali Nwazish , Muhammad Bilal Hafiz , Alam Md. Ashraful , Elashiry M. I. , Alnefaie Kholood
Published: September 2024

A relatively new and rapidly expanding area of mathematics research is the study of graphs’ spectral properties. Spectral graph theory plays a very important role in understanding certifiable applications such as cryptography, combinatorial design, and coding theory. Nonassociative algebras, loop groups, and quasigroups are the generalizations of associative algebra. Many studies have focused on the spectral properties of simple graphs connected to associative algebras like finite groups and rings, but the same research direction remains unexplored for loop groups and quasigroups. Eigenvalue analysis, subgraph counting, matrix representation, and the combinatorial approach are key techniques and methods in our work. The main purpose of this paper is to characterize finite quasigroups with the help of relatively prime graphs. Moreover, we investigate the structural and spectral properties of these graphs associated with finite quasigroups in the forms of star graphs, eigenvalues, connectivity, girth, clique, and chromatic number.