bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preference And Reasons For People Choosing A Place Of Fracture Care: A Case Study In Six Communities Of Assin North District, Ghana
Authors: Appiah B.A. , Baidoo R. , Morna M.T.
Published: July 2023

Background: Studies in the African Sub-region have highlighted injuries and its associated morbidity and mortality as an emerging public health problem, making it necessary to develop a holistic approach to handle injury outcomes in Ghana. The study purposed to assess the preference and reasons for people choosing a place of fracture care among the general population in the Assin North District of the Central region of Ghana.Method: A prospective cross-sectional study was employed in which 237 participants were randomly selected from six communities in the Assin-North District of the Central Region. Structured questionnaires after verbal informed-consent were used to collect data.The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test.Results: A total of 237 participants were interviewed, 14.8% of them had a history of fracture for which 60% sought treatment with Traditional Bone Setters (TBS). About 27.8% of respondents preferred TBS treatment over orthodox fracture care. Most of them (69.6%) were females with more than half (56.1%) being young adults. Only gender (p=0.029) and religion (p=0.043) were associated with the study group’s preference of fracture care. Common reasons for choosing a particular place of fracture care included “perceived” healing  methods (77.6%), past experience (20.7%), time to fracture healing (11.8%), and cost of treatment (9.3%).Generally, fear of complications such as mal-union (60.8%), stiff knee (62.1%), delayed union (69.6%), amputation (63.3%), and infection (76%) were some of the reasons why participants chose hospital care over TBS.Conclusion: People make decisions about where to seek fracture treatment (either at a hospital or with a traditional bonesetter) influenced by cost of treatment and knowledge of complications that may result from poorly handled fracture-care. The study showed the need to improve knowledge about the potential benefits of orthodox fracture-care using scientifically tested and reproducible methods which have been shown to consistently improve outcomes.
Conformity assessment in the USA
Authors:   R. STAHL Schaltgeräte GmbH, Berner Wolfgang , Arnhold Dr. Thorsten
Published: July 2023

or wenigen Jahren hätte die Überschrift sicher noch „Konformitätsbewertung in Nordamerika“ geheißen. Da Kanada aber seine nationalen Regelungen in der Zwischenzeit Schritt für Schritt an die IEC/IECEx Praxis angepasst hat, soll im Folgenden lediglich auf die Konformitätsbewertung in den USA eingegangen werden.
current trends of library automation Academic library in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mafiq
Published: July 2023

This research focuses on current trends of library automation in Rajshahi University Central Library. This research try to find out RUCL various work sections and services present status. The work is confined on one university library in Bangladesh. It try to investigate on different aspects and function. Finally the work find out some problems and suggestions on rajshahi university central library automation system. This study provides a bird’s eye on automation system rajshahi university central library view but don’t give a total idea on library automation system in Bangladesh
Power to the People: Black Publishing for Social Change in South Africa
Authors: le Roux Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

The black power salute is a powerful call to arms for resistance and social change. In South Africa, black power is tied up with the Black Consciousness Movement of the 1970s, aiming to reclaim black identity. Integral to this attempt was the use of cultural and intellectual means, and under its aegis writers’ groups started forming in place of political groups (which were suppressed), as a base for mobilisation and collective action. But these writers could not effect social change on their own: they needed a platform—a publisher. Sipho Sepamla, writing in the New Classic in 1976, pointed to the absence of publishers as a hurdle for black writers: ‘A problem that wears us down is lack of publishers and outlets. There is not a single black publisher I know of in this country.’ In the context of the competing forces of repression and Black Consciousness, a few black publishers did emerge. Skotaville Press, for instance, aimed ‘to produce black literature that is relevant and contemporary—and to do it under black control from start to finish.’ However, it did this in somewhat ambiguous circumstances, relying on foreign funds and white patrons. Using archival records and interviews, this paper will assess the operations and output of these publishers, considering how race and context affects and inflects publishing. Moreover, it will ask why, in contrast to the legacy created by black power publishers in the US, a tradition of viable black‑owned publishing has not continued into the post‑apartheid period.
Nature's "every day disabille": John Clare, shattered vision, and the everyday poetics
of noon
Authors: Effinger Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

This article examines the phenomenon of noon in John Clare's poetry. Drawing heavily
on Deleuze's notion of the middle or the intermezzo, this article makes the case that
Clare's noon or midday is an exploration of what Deleuze calls life's "meantimes (des
entre-temps), between-moments," and one that importantly offers us a view into the
experience of the intermezzo. For Clare, noon affords a new mode of perception, one that he
repeatedly frames as a shattered vision: at noon "it seems / As if crooked bits of glass /
Seem'd repeatedley to pass" (6-8). While also considering the appearance of noon in the work
of Clare's contemporaries, such as Shelley and Constable, the uniquely shattered vision that
accompanies Clare's experience of this seemingly ubiquitous spacetime is a way to see the
world in a different way outside of our routinized or habitualized modes of everyday
perception. Furthermore, against a dominant tradition that imagines thought as taking flight
at dusk (following Hegel), Clare's turn to noon offers thought a different line of flight.
For Clare, midday becomes an important moment of knowledge, a defamiliarized moment of
shattered perception, a creative synthetic event of sympoeisis, that is, the practice of
mixing and making together.
The Heritage of the Ussuri Railway in Dalnerechensk
Authors: Glatolenkova Ekaterina
Published: July 2023

The work continues the author's research on the railway architecture of the south of the Far East and is part of a project to study the architectural image of the homeland. The subject of the research, the results of which are described in the article, are architectural and urban features of the railway architecture of the town of Dalnerechensk in Primorsky Krai. Historical reference is given about development of the town from the moment of foundation of the first settlement in the middle of the 19th century till the transformation connected with building of railroad station Iman of Ussuri railway from Vladivostok to Khabarovsk in the end of the 19th century. The author pays special attention to studying of central part of the town and current condition of railway building. The materials of the expedition and archival research carried out in 2017-2023 are presented. During the analysis of urban development of the central district of Dalnerechensk the objects included in the register of architectural monuments, located along the Trans-Siberian Railway are examined. The scientific novelty of the research is defined by generalization and mapping of the preserved heritage sites of the Ussuri railway XIX-XX centuries in Dalnerechensk, carried out for the first time. The result of the research is a scheme of buildings and structures location. The generalized information about the architectural monuments available in the city can be used in education, restoration practices and activities related to the popularization of industrial heritage.
The dilemma of France's relations with Africa in the 21st century: the relationship between discourse and practice
Authors: Li Jinyang
Published: July 2023

The object of the study is the foreign policy of the French Republic. The subject of the study is the African vector of France's foreign policy in the 21st century during the presidencies of N. Sarkozy, F. Hollande and the current head of state E. Macron. The purpose of the study is to identify the reasons why France faced difficulties in the African direction of its foreign policy in the 21st century. The author analyses in detail the declarative and practical components of French policy towards Africa in the period under study. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of French military intervention in Africa between 2007 and 2023. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the study makes a comparative analysis of the discursive and practical dimensions of French policy towards Africa between 2007 and 2023 in order to identify possible reasons for the failure of France's policy course towards Africa in the 21st century. The study concludes that France, which has a long history of colonisation of Africa, still does not consider Africa as an equal partner, while the African dimension of French foreign policy is characterised by a contradiction between its declarative and practical components, as the declared principle of equality as the basis of Franco-African relations actually gives way to the traditional policy of spheres of influence and France's desire to maintain its position on the African continent.
The relationship of personal qualities and universal skills for successful career building for students of psychological and pedagogical areas of training at the university
Authors: Korneeva Yana Aleksandrovna , Shakhova Lyudmila Ivanovna , Kirichek Mariya Aleksandrovna , Korekhova Mariya Vladimirovna , Simonova Natal'ya Nikolaevna , Venckute Marina Sergeevna , Sheveleva Ol'ga Sergeevna
Published: July 2023

The research is devoted to the study and description of the features of the severity of universal skills for successful career building and their relationship with the personal qualities of students of psychological and pedagogical areas of study at the university. The study involved 107 students of psychological and pedagogical areas of training at the university. Research methods: the author's questionnaire for assessing the frequency of manifestation in the behavior of ten universal skills for successful career building and psychological testing of students' personal qualities. Statistical processing was carried out using descriptive statistics, two-stage cluster, correlation and multivariate analyzes of variance using the SPSS Statistics 26.00 software package. As a result of the study, it was found that the skills of managing emotions and stress, flexibility, adaptability, self-presentation and conflict management are expressed at an average level among students of psychological and pedagogical areas of study at the university. Statistically significant differences in the severity of self-presentation skills, problem solving and conflict management among students of different courses were established. The greater severity of the skills of managing emotions and stress, self-presentation, leadership and problem solving in psychology students was determined. The development of individual psychological universal skills among students of psychological and pedagogical areas of study at a university is more associated with the development of emotional stability and self-control, the use of optimal coping strategies, and socio-psychological skills - with the development of extroversion, communication and leadership abilities, emotional stability and self-control.
Incidence and prevalence of psychotic disorders, a county population study of Tirana hospital admissions
Authors: AKSHIJA ILIR
Published: July 2023

Objective: To estimate incidence and prevalence of first admissions for mental health diagnoses in the Tirana county catchment area and related admissions from other Albania counties to Tirana University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa”. Method: We used the historic dataset of mental health diagnoses composed of electronic patient records discharges. Tirana county, was the focus of the age standardized mean annual incidence (first admissions) per 100,000 population per region for ICD-9 three-digit codes - 295 (Schizophrenic psychoses), 296 (Affective psychoses) and 295-299 (Other psychoses), 2007 – 2021. Taking in consideration internal migration and emigration trends of the Albanian population we subdivided the study period in three periods, PI (2007-2011), PII (2012-2016), PIII (2017-2021). Mean annual incidence (first admissions) per 100,000 population per region and period prevalence, Albania, 2005 – 2021 were calculated. Results: During the study period, 2005 – 2021, resulted 21,287 diagnoses discharged as Mental Disorders (290-319) - ICD, 9th edition, period 2005-2021. First admissions were 12,251 cases, which were responsible for 57.6% of total admissions, of which 6,525 (53.3%) were males. Mean age (median) first admissions was 37.0 ± 15.5 (36.3) years. Age standardized mean annual incidence (first admissions) per 100,000 population (95% CI), Tirana county, Schizophrenic psychoses, Affective psychoses and Other psychoses, were respectively PI (15.48 [12.68 - 18.29], 19.38 [16.21 - 22.54] and 48.92 [43.69 - 54.16]), PII (10.05 [7.90 - 12.20], 14.29 [11.73 - 16.85] and 32.82 [28.93 - 36.71]) and PIII (9.24 [7.30 - 11.18], 18.82 [15.89 - 21.75] and 34.25 [30.29 - 38.20]). Tirana county, 17-year prevalence, of first hospitalizations was respectively by code, 224.8, 323.2 and 666.7 per 100,000 population. Conclusion: This aproach, from a tertiary hospital first admissions viewpoint can serve as a posible aproximation towards holistic studies. The synchronic study produces suficient backgroud information for next prospective level longitudinal studies.
Simulation of lutetium metal evaporation with considering atomic metastable state
Authors: Lai Gan-Ping , Zhang Xiao-Wei ,   Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,   Science and Technology on Particle Transport and Separation Laboratory, Tianjin 300180, China
Published: July 2023

Lutetium-177, one of the current global research hotspots for medical isotopes, can be produced by reactor irradiation of lutetium-176, which can be produced and processed with the assistance of the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The metal evaporation process is an important part of EB-PVD, which aims to convert solid metal into metal atomic vapor. The distribution of each macroscopic characteristic quantity, such as thermal population distribution, density distribution, velocity distribution, and temperature distribution of metal atomic vapor, will directly affect the utilization of metal vapor atoms, the subsequent deposition process, and coating process. In this paper, two-dimensional model and three-dimensional model of the metal evaporation process are established based on the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, and atomic metastable state is introduced into the collision assumption. The macroscopic characteristic quantities, such as the number density of metal atomic vapor, the motion velocity and the discrete degree of the total motion velocity in the evaporation process with or without considering the lutetium atomic metastable state, are analyzed and compared. The spatial distribution characteristics of each energy level of metal atomic vapor are observed, and the variation characteristics of the macroscopic characteristic quantities in the center with the slit opening size and the evaporation source surface temperature are discussed. The study results show that the number density of metal vapor passing through the beam flow device decreases, the average velocity in the x-direction and z-direction and the discrete degree of the total motion velocity increase, with the atomic metastable state taken into consideration. The beam flow device intensifies the transformation of the atomic energy level of the metal vapor and changes the physical parameters of the metal atomic vapor. At the same time, the slit opening size and the evaporation source surface temperature trigger off the change of the macroscopic characteristic quantity distribution of the metal vapor, including the degree of anomalous protrusion of each macroscopic characteristic quantity above the slit. The results of the three-dimensional simulation based on the two-dimensional model are consistent with the changes in the order of magnitude of data distribution and spatial distribution pattern, which can serve as a reference and guidance for the experimental study of the electron beam metal evaporation process.
Graded thermal conductivity in nano “hot spot” systems
Authors: Wu Zhi-Peng , Zhang Chuang , Hu Shi-Qian , Ma Deng-Ke , Yang Nuo ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China,   Department of Physics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China,   School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
Published: July 2023

The graded thermal conductivity in nanoscale “hot spot” system is a new phenomenon in nanoscale heat conduction. It is found that the thermal conductivity is no longer uniform, and the thermal conductivity gradually increases from the inside to the outside in the radial direction, which no longer obeys Fourier’s law of thermal conductivity. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism of the graded thermal conductivity can provide a theoretical basis for solving engineering problems such as heat dissipation of nanochip. This paper first reviews the new phenomenon of heat conduction recently discovered in nanosystem, then, focuses on the graded thermal conductivity in the “hot spot” system, and expounds the variation law of the graded thermal conductivity in different dimensional systems. According to the changes of atomic vibration mode and phonon scattering, the physical mechanism of the graded thermal conductivity is explained. Finally, the new challenges and opportunities brought by the graded thermal conductivity characteristics of nano “hot spot” to the heat dissipation of nanodevices are summarized, and the future research in this direction is also prospected.
Research progress of pure quartic soliton fiber laser
Authors: Luo Min , Zhang Ze-Xian , Chen Nai-Miao , Liu Meng , Luo Ai-Ping , Xu Wen-Cheng , Luo Zhi-Chao ,   School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
Published: July 2023

The pure-quartic soliton fiber laser is an innovative ultra-short pulse laser that can maintain a stable pulse shape through a balance between fourth-order dispersion effect and self-phase modulation effect. Comparing with traditional soliton laser that is dominated by second-order dispersion, the mode-locked pulse energy of pure-quartic soliton laser can be 1–2 orders of magnitude higher. This provides researchers with new ideas for developing high-energy and high-peak-power fiber lasers. Here, the generation and transmission characteristics of pure-quartic solitons in nonlinear optical systems such as fiber lasers in recent years are systematically reviewed. It also explores some special transient dynamic phenomena. Furthermore, in this article, the latest achievements of our research group in this area are also presented. Finally, the application prospect and development trend of pure-quartic soliton fiber lasers are prospected. These results will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the basic physical properties of pure-quartic soliton fiber lasers.
Modelling, simulation and performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.11e protocol with station mobility
Authors: Coronado Estefanía , Valero Valentín , Cambronero M. Emilia , Orozco-Barbosa Luis
Published: July 2023

In this article, we present a parameterized Colored Petri Net (CPN) model of the IEEE 802.11e protocol for wireless communications with mobile stations. CPNs provide a graphical model for the modeling and analysis of concurrent systems, which can be parameterized by the use of constants, and thus they allow us to create more flexible models. Our CPN model captures the protocol’s behavior, and the specific parameters used for the 802.11e protocol and the scenarios to be evaluated are captured by the CPN parameters. The model presented is flexible enough to cover full customization of traffic types, user mobility and collision avoidance protocols. In this model, there is an access point (AP) which is visible to all the stations, and we assume that due to physical restrictions, there are two range groups. All the stations in the same range group are visible to each other. The impact of mobility is then analyzed by studying a situation in which the stations move in a controlled way to the same range group. The simulation results demonstrate the impact on network performance for sensitive and insensitive traffic types, as well as the role of the RTS/CTS protocol in collision avoidance, especially when users are located in different regions. Specifically, we show how the performance improves in the different scenarios when the stations move to the same area, where they can see each other, and we also study the impact on the performance for each type of traffic.
Direitos humanos e a cidadania dos idosos em comunidades carentes na Zona Oeste de Manaus
Authors: De Oliveira Cleomar Costa , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Da Cunha Edileuza Lobato , De Lima Orlem Pinheiro , De Araújo Paulo César Diniz , Maduro Márcia Ribeiro , De Oliveira Júnior Nilson José
Published: July 2023

Este artigo abordará sobre, Histórico dos Direitos Humanos, Conceito Cidadania, A Constituição Federal e o Direito do Idoso, Os principais problemas relacionados ä questão do amparo ao Idoso em Manaus e Politica Públicas para o idoso usado no Município. Como problema de pesquisa pretende-se responder quais as medidas preventivas podem ser implementadas em favor dos idosos em situação de vulnerabilidade por meio de politicas publicas. Objetivo geral visa identificar os principais problemas relacionados à aplicação das politicas públicas direcionadas ao amparo da dignidade da pessoa humana direitos humanos e cidadania aos idosos carentes na cidade de Manaus. Para desenvolvimento deste manuscrito utilizou-se a pesquisa de natureza qualitativa básica, quanto aos fins exploratórios e quanto aos meios de pesquisa bibliográfica. Como aos principais resultados identificar politicas publicas que organizem ações que possibilitem uma melhor qualidade de vida para os idosos em situação de vulnerabilidade
Genetic Divergence Analysis in Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) by Using Morpho-agronomic Traits in Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Tomar Harshit , Kumar Vipin , Kumar Rupesh , Singh Sudhanshu , Prakash Satya , Yashraj  , Tyagi Vikash
Published: July 2023

The field experiment was conducted during 2021-22. During the study the analysis of variance for 19 diverse genotypes of Amaranthus were designed in randomized block design and revealed significant difference for all the 12 characters, this indicated the presence of wide spectrum of variability among the genotypes. The analysis of genetic divergence through Mahalanobis D2 statistics revealed that a considerable genetic diversity was found among genotypes. 19 genotypes of Amaranthus were grouped into 5 clusters. Out of these 5 clusters, Cluster II contains maximum number of genotypes that is seven, followed by cluster I which comprising six genotypes, Cluster III comprising four genotypes, whereas cluster IV and V containing only one genotype each. All the desired combinations of traits should be considered, while breeding programme for selecting high yielding genotypes and suitable for breeders to achieving improved plant type.
Influence of Biofertilizers and Phosphorus on Yield and Economics of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik)
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur , Banti
Published: July 2023

The Experiment was conduct in Crop Research Farm in Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj during Rabi season of 2022 on Lentil crop. The treatment consisted of three levels of Biofertilizer Rhizobium, PSB and Rhizobium + PSB and three levels of Phosphorus (30, 40 and 50 kg/ha) and control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatment and replicated thrice. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (8.0), EC (0.56 dS/m), Organic Carbon (0.62%), Available N (225 kg/ha), Available P (38.2 kg/ha), and Available K (240.7 kg/ha). The results revealed that the treatment-9 [Rhizobium + PSB + phosphorus (50 kg/ha)] produces higher seed yield (2018.04 kg/ha), gross return (110992.56 INR/ha), net return (80852.56 INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.46).
Design, Fabrication, Testing and Evaluation of a Sustainable Cabinet Dryer for Drying Cassava Chips
Authors: Agberegha Larry Orobome , Trim Elena , Bako Tanko , Onoroh Francis , Afoegba Clement Siedougha , Akinyemi Adenike O. , Izelu Bernard Chukwuebuka , Oshevire Timothy Bini
Published: July 2023

The development of a sustainable cassava cabinet dryer requires a balanced approach to technological, economic and ecological aspects. The design – from conceptualization to design and performance  evaluation – considered different input parameters and various  structural design measures for durability and the ability for the selected materials to withstand thermally induced stress resultant on the drying process, in  general and material selection for durable design, in particular. This work sets to design, construct and testing of the cassava chips cabinet dryer.  The outcome of tests performed to evaluate the behaviour of the dryer shows that the drying time lies between 210 minutes and 240 minutes for tray 1 and 300 minutes and 330 minutes for tray 2 when compared to the drying time of sun-drying which lies between 720 minutes and 750 minutes. This shows that there is evidence of loss of moisture in all the cases. However, loss of moisture in tray 1 of the cabinet dryer appears to be better compared to others. In the real essence,    loss of moisture in trays 1 and 2 is expected to occur at the same rate but due to the observed uneven distribution of warm air, and re-absorption of moisture by drying cassava chips, the drying rate differs. Thus, this can be corrected as further improvement on the design. Investment in this design will not only making cassava production much easier and reduce the wastage but will also have a great effect in the economy of the country as recorded to be the highest producer of cassava in the world. This dryer can as well be adapted and used to dry other food items. The optimum time for drying the cassava was estimated to be 133 minutes using multiple regression analysis.
STUDY RECOMMENDATIONS TO ACHIEVE THERMAL COMFORT IN AN EDUCATIONAL BUILDING
Authors: Irsyad Naufal Andi , Dewi Ova Candra , Rahmasari Kartika
Published: July 2023

This paper evaluates natural ventilation effectiveness in one fully dependent Air Conditioned-Educational Building in Depok to recommend potential passive cooling approaches toward user thermal comfort. This study involves building surveys to measure the temperature and humidity of three selected classrooms, A, B, and C, with varying configurations and capacities. Airflow simulation using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is done under two conditions: open and closed doors. A set of parameters, which are room configuration, type of window, and ventilation strategy, are set to evaluate natural ventilation aspects. The site survey indicates that only one classroom with an area of 92 sqm facing to the southside is classified as efficiently warm (Room A). The simulation demonstrates that cross-ventilation only occurs when the door is opened. The parameters indicating shape, dimension, type, and area of natural ventilation matter, show that the building’s natural ventilation is ineffective in providing thermal comfort. This study recommends that the building’s natural ventilation be placed according to the direction of the airflow, adding vertical fin elements, and increasing the openings by more than 5% area from the floor area.
Excess US Firearm Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic Stratified by Intent and Urbanization
Authors: Lundstrom Eric W. , Groth Caroline P. , Harrison James E. , Hendricks Brian , Smith Gordon S.
Published: July 2023

This cross-sectional study used time series forecasting to estimate excess firearm mortality in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Patients With Brain Metastases Deserve Better—A Hard-Won Perspective
Authors: Greco Laura
Published: July 2023

This Viewpoint advocates for better research in treatments and clinical practice for brain metastasis stemming from lung cancer.
Evaluation of bladder filling effects on the dose distribution during radiotherapy for cervical cancer based on daily CT images
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhou Mi , Wang Gang , Li Xutong , Yue Lu , Deng Lihua , Chi Kun , Chen Kai , Qi Zhenyu , Deng Xiaowu , Peng Yinglin , Liu Yimei
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the effects of bladder filling during cervical cancer radiotherapy on target volume and organs at risk (OARs) dose based on daily computed tomography (daily‐CT) images and provide bladder‐volume‐based dose prediction models.

Methods

Nineteen patients (475 daily‐CTs) comprised the study group, and five patients comprised the validation set (25 daily‐CTs). Target volumes and OARs were delineated on daily‐CT images and the treatment plan was recalculated accordingly. The deviation from the planning bladder volume (DVB), the correlation between DVB and clinical (CTV)/planning (PTV) target volume in terms of prescribed dose coverage, and the relationship of small bowel volume and bladder dose with the ratio of bladder volume (RVB) were analyzed.

Results

In all cases, the prescribed dose coverage in the CTV was >95% when DVB was <200 cm3, whereas that in the PTV was >95% when RVB was <160%. The ratio of bladder V45 Gy to the planning bladder V45 Gy (RBV45) exhibited a negative linear relationship with RVB (RBV45 = −0.18*RVB + 120.8; R2 = 0.80). Moreover, the ratio of small bowel volume to planning small bowel volume (RVS) exhibited a negative linear relationship with RVB (RVS = −1.06*RVB +217.59; R2 = 0.41). The validation set results showed that the linear model predicted well the effects of bladder volume changes on target volume coverage and bladder dose.

Conclusions

This study assessed dosimetry and volume effects of bladder filling on target and OARs based on daily‐CT images. We established a quantitative relationship between these parameters, providing dose prediction models for cervical cancer radiotherapy.
The Guest Doping Effects of Fe on Bimetallic NiCo Layered Double Hydroxide for Enhanced Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Theoretical Screening and Experimental Verification
Authors: Zhang Haotian , Guo Haoran , Li Yanyan , Zhang Qinghua , Zheng Lirong , Gu Lin , Song Rui
Published: July 2023

Exploring efficient transition‐metal‐based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is imperative but remain challenging for sustainable energy storage and conversion systems. Foreign species doping is a significant regulation strategy to enhance the intrinsic activity of host matrix. However, the potential relationship of structure‐activity caused by guest doping elements is seldom tracked systematically. In this case, both theoretical screening and experimental verification are complementarily employed to investigate the guest doping effects of ten first‐row transition metals (Sc∼Zn) on bimetallic NiCo layered double hydroxide (NiCo‐LDH). As a result, the optimized Fe‐doped NiCo‐LDH is identified as the most promising candidate toward alkaline electrocatalytic OER, which exhibits the quasi‐industrial current density of 1000 mA cm−2 at overpotential of 400 mV. Meanwhile, it also shows impressively long‐term stability of 500 h at 500 mA cm−2 with a negligible activity loss. Moreover, in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy unveils the dynamic structure evolution from pre‐catalytic state (Fe‐NiCo‐LDH) to metal oxyhydroxide (Fe‐(NiCo)OOH) during the oxidation reaction, and ab‐initio molecular dynamics simulations are further performed to confirm the thermodynamic stability of activated Fe‐(NiCo)OOH phase. This work provides a promising platform for exploring the critical role of transition metal guest doping on host matrix in developing industrially required OER electrocatalysts.
Modifying Electronic Structure of Cation‐Exchanged Bimetallic Sulfide/Metal Oxide Heterostructure through In Situ Inclusion of Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles for Extrinsic Pseudocapacitor
Authors: Patil Amar. M. , Moon Sunil , Jadhav Arti A. , Hong Jongwoo , Kang Keonwook , Jun Seong Chan
Published: July 2023

The inferior electrical conductivity of conventional electrodes and their slow charge transport impose limitations on the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors (SCs) using those electrodes, necessitating strategies to overcome the limitations. An in situ Ag ion‐incorporated cation‐exchanged bimetallic sulfide/metal oxide heterostructure (Ag‐Co9‐xFexS8@α‐FexOy) is synthesized using a two‐step hydrothermal method. The coordination bond formation and Ag nanoparticle (NP) incorporation improve the electrical conductivity and adhesion of the heterostructure and reduce its interface resistance and volume expansion throughout the charge/discharge cycles. Density functional theory investigations indicate that the remarkable interlayer and interparticle conductivities of the heterostructure resulting from Ag doping have changed its electronic states, leading to an enhanced electrical conductivity. The optimized electrode has an excellent specific capacity (213.6 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1) and can maintain 93.2% capacity retention with excellent Coulombic efficiency over 20 000 charge/discharge cycles. A flexible solid‐state extrinsic pseudocapacitor (EPSC) is fabricated using Ag‐Co9‐xFexS8@α‐FexOy and Ti3C2TX electrodes. The EPSC has specific and volumetric capacitances of 259 F g−1 and 2.7 F cm−3 at 0.7 A g−1, respectively, an energy density of 80.9 Wh kg−1 at 525 W kg−1, and a capacity retention of 92.8% over 5000 charge/discharge cycles.
Nanoscale Metal Particle Modified Single‐Atom Catalyst: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application
Authors: Chen Runze , Chen Shenghua , Wang Liqiang , Wang Dingsheng
Published: July 2023

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted considerable attention in heterogeneous catalysis because of their well‐defined active sites, maximum atomic utilization efficiency, and unique unsaturated coordinated structures. However, their effectiveness is limited to reactions requiring active sites containing multiple metal atoms. Furthermore, the loading amounts of single‐atom sites must be restricted to prevent aggregation, which can adversely affect the catalytic performance despite the high activity of the individual atoms. The introduction of nanoscale metal particles (NMPs) into SACs (NMP‐SACs) has proven to be an efficient approach for improving their catalytic performance. A comprehensive review is urgently needed to systematically introduce the synthesis, characterization, and application of NMP‐SACs and the mechanisms behind their superior catalytic performance. This review first presents and classifies the different mechanisms through which NMPs enhance the performance of SACs. It then summarizes the currently reported synthetic strategies and state‐of‐the‐art characterization techniques of NMP‐SACs. Moreover, their application in electro/thermo/photocatalysis, and the reasons for their superior performance are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of NMP‐SACs for the future design of advanced catalysts are addressed.
Breath Biopsy Reveals Systemic Immunothrombosis and Its Resolution through Bioorthogonal Dendritic Nanoprobes
Authors: Zhang Yuanlin , Ranaei Pirmardan Ehsan , Barakat Aliaa , Hafezi‐Moghadam Ali
Published: July 2023

Immunothrombosis, an inflammation‐dependent activation of the coagulation cascade, leads to microthrombi formations in small vessels. It is a dreaded complication of COVID‐19 and a major cause of respiratory failure. Due to their size and disseminated nature, microthrombi are currently undetectable. Here, noninvasive detection of a volatile reporter in the exhaled air is introduced for assessment of systemic immunothrombosis. A dendritic nanoprobe, containing high loading of a thrombin‐sensitive substrate, is selectively cleaved by thrombin, resulting in release of a synthetic bioorthogonal volatile organic compound (VOC). The VOC is quantitated in the exhaled air biopsies via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), allowing near real‐time assessment of systemic immunothrombosis. The VOC detection can be further improved with more rapid and sensitive MS‐based technologies. The amount of the VOC in the exhaled air decreases with resolution of the microvascular inflammation and intravascular fibrin depositions. Through conjugation of the thrombin‐sensitive peptide with a rhodol derivative, a novel thrombin‐sensitive fluorescent nanoprobe is developed for intravital visualization of thrombin activity in actively growing thrombi. These results establish unprecedented detection of thrombin activity in vivo, addressing this unmet medical need. This novel approach facilitates diagnosis of immunothrombosis in diseases such as diabetic complications, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and COVID‐19.
Microfluidic Chips Fabrication and Integration for Tumor‐Derived Exosomes Detection
Authors: Wu Yanqiu , Sun Zhiwei , Gao Fucheng , Wang Yandong , Jiang Yanyan
Published: July 2023

Exosomes are a type of small extracellular vesicles carrying proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Because their expression levels are highly correlated with tumor development, exosomes are regarded as non‐invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Therefore, many exosome detection techniques are developed to provide a new way for cancer diagnosis. However, conventional techniques require the isolation of exosomes from body fluids before analysis, which usually relies on complex equipment and cumbersome operations. In addition, complex procedures may introduce impurities and thus affect the accuracy of the test. As an emerging analysis technology, microfluidic overcomes these shortcomings by integrating a microchannel for sample transport isolation and an exosome analysis module, showing great prospects in cancer diagnosis. This review will provide an overview of microchannel fabrication and analysis methods with outstanding compatibility for different microfluidic types, with a particular focus on microfluidic‐based exosome analysis methods that have the potential for clinical application.
Fully Printed Flexible Ultrasound Transducer for Medical Applications
Authors: Keller Kirill , Leitner Christoph , Baumgartner Christian , Benini Luca , Greco Francesco
Published: July 2023

The fabrication of a fully printed, lead‐free, polymer piezoelectric transducer is presented and the characterization of its structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties at different processing stages is demonstrated. The performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) transducers with resonance frequency analyses, acoustic power measurements, and pulse‐echo experiments is evaluated. Notably, for the first time for a fully printed transducer, an optimal performance in the medical ultrasound range (<15 MHz) is demonstrated with acoustic power >1 W cm−2, which is promising for applications in epidermal and wearable electronics. Overall, the findings provide a strong foundation for future research in the area of flexible ultrasound transducers.
MLF2 Negatively Regulates P53 and Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Authors: Fang Debao , Hu Hao , Zhao Kailiang , Xu Aman , Yu Changjun , Zhu Yong , Yu Ning , Yao Bo , Tang Suyun , Wu Xianning , Mei Yide
Published: July 2023

Inactivation of the p53 pathway is linked to a variety of human cancers. As a critical component of the p53 pathway, ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7) acts as a deubiquitinase for both p53 and its ubiquitin E3 ligase mouse double minute 2 homolog. Here, myeloid leukemia factor 2 (MLF2) is reported as a new negative regulator of p53. MLF2 interacts with both p53 and USP7. Via these interactions, MLF2 inhibits the binding of USP7 to p53 and antagonizes USP7‐mediated deubiquitination of p53, thereby leading to p53 destabilization. Functionally, MLF2 plays an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer, at least partially, via the negative regulation of p53. Clinically, MLF2 is elevated in colorectal cancer and its high expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. In wild‐type‐p53‐containing colorectal cancer, MLF2 and p53 expressions are inversely correlated. These findings establish MLF2 as an important suppressor of p53 function. The study also reveals a critical role for the MLF2–p53 axis in promoting colorectal carcinogenesis.
Incorporating Potassium Citrate to Improve the Performance of Tin‐Lead Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Chongwen , Xian Yeming , Fu Sheng , Abudulimu Abasi , Li Deng‐Bing , Friedl Jared D. , Li You , Neupane Sabin , Tumusange Marie Solange , Sun Nannan , Wang Xiaoming , Ellingson Randy J. , Heben Michael J. , Podraza Nikolas J. , Song Zhaoning , Yan Yanfa
Published: July 2023

Easy‐to‐form tin vacancies at the buried interface of tin‐lead perovskites hinder the performance of low‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a synergistic strategy by incorporating potassium citrate (PC) into the poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole‐transport layer to passivate the buried interface of Sn‐Pb PSCs is reported. PC neutralizes the acidity of PEDOT:PSS and stabilizes the perovskite front surface, enhancing device stability. Citrate moieties coordinate with Sn2+ on the buried perovskite surface, preventing Sn2+ oxidation and suppressing defect formation. Additionally, potassium cations incorporate into Sn‐Pb perovskites, enhancing crystallinity and passivating halide defects. The combined benefits enable efficient low‐bandgap Sn‐Pb PSCs with a power conversion efficiency of 22.7% and a high open‐circuit voltage of 0.894 V. Using this method, 26.1% efficiency for all‐perovskite tandem solar cells is demonstrated. These results emphasize the significance of buried interface passivation in developing efficient and stable Sn‐Pb PSCs and all‐perovskite tandem solar cells.
Temporal patterns of the burden of Alzheimer's disease and their association with Sociodemographic Index in countries with varying rates of aging 1990–2019
Authors: Ramadan Majed
Published: July 2023

Objective

To we examine the temporal patterns of the burden of Alzheimer's disease and their association with Sociodemographic Index in countries with varying rates of aging.

Method

Data were obtained from Global Burden of Diseases studies (GBD) 2019 and were used to compare countries with different rates of change in aging population from 1990 to 2019. We collected the data of the age‐standardized rates per 100,000 of disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), incidence, prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and the age‐specific population rates per 100,000.

Results

Countries with high rates of change in their aging populations had an increase in DALYs, incidence, and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias over the last 30 years. Countries with a high rate of change in aging population had a significantly positive association among DALYs, incidence, and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. In contrast, countries with a medium and low rate of change in aging population had negative associations between DALYs and incidence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

Conclusion

This study highlights the significant impact of demographic changes on the burden, prevalence, and incidence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementia. The study also found that robust health care and social systems, as reflected by a higher Sociodemographic Index, can contribute to reducing the burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in medium to low rates of aging populations. The findings underscore the importance of investing in health care and social systems to address the growing burden of these conditions, especially in countries with a high rate of change in the aging population.
Ryssia Wolfsohn's 1907 dissertation on “the heredity of dementia praecox”
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Klee Astrid
Published: July 2023

In the 19th century, psychiatric genetic studies typically utilized a generic category of “insanity.” This began to change after 1899, with the publication of Kraepelin's 6th edition containing, among other disorders, his mature concept of dementia praecox (DP). We here review an article published by Ryssia Wolfsohn in 1907 from her dissertation at the University of Zurich entitled “Die Heredität bei Dementia praecox” (The Heredity of Dementia Praecox). This work, performed under the supervision of E. Bleuler, was to our knowledge the first formal genetic study of the then new diagnosis of DP. She investigated 550 DP probands admitted to the Burghölzli hospital with known information about their “heredity burden.” For most probands, she had information on parents, siblings, grandparents, and aunts/uncles. Of these patients, only 10% had no psychiatric illness in their families. In the remaining probands, she found rates of the four major categories of psychopathology she investigated: mental illness—56%, nervous disorders—19%, peculiar personalities 12% and alcoholism 13%. Her most novel analyses compared either total familial burden or burden of her four forms of mental disorders on her DP probands divided by subtype and outcome. In neither of these analyses, did she find significant differences.
Associations of dietary cholesterol and fat, blood lipids, and risk for dementia in older women vary by APOE genotype
Authors: Dunk Michelle M. , Li Jie , Liu Simin , Casanova Ramon , Chen Jiu‐Chiuan , Espeland Mark A. , Hayden Kathleen M. , Manson JoAnn E. , Rapp Stephen R. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Snetselaar Linda G. , Van Horn Linda , Wild Robert , Driscoll Ira
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION

Whether apolipoprotein E's (APOE’s) involvement in lipid metabolism contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk remains unknown.

METHODS

Incident probable dementia and cognitive impairment (probable dementia+mild cognitive impairment) were analyzed in relation to baseline serum lipids (total, low‐density lipoprotein [LDL], high‐density lipoprotein [HDL], non‐HDL cholesterol, total‐to‐HDL, LDL‐to‐HDL, remnant cholesterol, and triglycerides) using Mendelian randomization in 5358 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. We also examined associations of baseline dietary cholesterol and fat with lipids based on APOE status.

RESULTS

After an average of 11.13 years, less favorable lipid levels related to greater dementia and cognitive impairment risk. Dementia (odds ratio [OR] = 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.31 to 4.24) and cognitive impairment (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.85 to 3.06) risk were greatest in relation to higher remnant cholesterol levels. Greater cholesterol consumption related to poorer lipids in APOE4+ compared to APOE3 carriers.

DISCUSSION

APOE4+ carriers consuming more cholesterol had less favorable lipids, which were associated with greater dementia and cognitive impairment risk.

Highlights

Less favorable serum lipids were associated with higher dementia incidence.

Mendelian randomization findings suggest causality between lipids and dementia.

Lipid levels in older women may be clinical indicators of dementia risk.

APOE4 carriers had poorest lipid profiles in relation to cholesterol consumption.

APOE risk for dementia may be modifiable through lipid management.