bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Territorial Rights for Individuals, States, orPueblos? Answers from Indigenous Land Struggles in Colonial Spanish America
Authors: Ochoa Espejo Paulina
Published: August 2022

Who should have rights to territory? Dominant political theories hold that either individuals or state-based groups (states, nations, or state-based civic peoples) have foundational territorial rights. However, they cannot accommodate some Indigenous peoples’ claims that the land should be subject neither to private ownership nor to sovereign state control. Given these claims, some scholars have recently revised these theories to mediate between state jurisdiction and private property. But those revisions have thus far neglected the views of Indigenous peoples who did not experience Anglo-American settler colonialism. This article therefore examines contemporary territorial rights theories in light of the experience of colonial Spanish America. Using sixteenth-century documents in which Indigenous communities conceptualized and asserted their rights to territory, historical evidence of political struggles between these communities and the colonial state, and interpretations of colonial legal thinkers from the seventeenth century (particularly Juan de Solórzano Pereira), I argue that, in addition to individuals and state-based groups, we should consider another subject of territorial rights:pueblos,or grounded communities.
Eight Archetypes of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Synergies and Trade‐Offs
Authors: Moallemi E. A. , Hosseini S. H. , Eker S. , Gao L. , Bertone E. , Szetey K. , Bryan B. A.
Published: August 2022

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is contingent on managing complex interactions that create synergies and trade‐offs between different goals. It is, therefore, important to improve our understanding of them, their underlying causal drivers, future behaviors, and policy implications. Prominent methods of interaction analysis that focus on modeling or data‐driven statistical correlation are often insufficient for giving an integrated view of interaction drivers and their complexity. These methods are also usually too technically complex and heavily data‐driven to provide decision‐makers with simple practical tools and easily actionable and understandable results. Here, we introduce a flexible and practical systemic approach, termedarchetypeanalysis, that generalizes a number of recurring interaction patterns among the SDGs with unique drivers, behaviors, and policy implications. We review eight interaction archetypes as thinking aids to analyze some of the important synergies and trade‐offs, supported by several empirical examples related to the SDGs (e.g., poverty, food, well‐being, water, energy, housing, climate, and land use) to demonstrate how they can be operationalized in practice. The interaction archetypes are aimed to help researchers and policymakers as a diagnostic tool to identify fundamental mechanisms of barriers or policy resistance to SDG progress, a comparative tool to enhance knowledge transfer between different cases with similar drivers, and a prospective tool to design synergistic policies for sustainable development.
Gravity Wave Morphology During the 2018 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Simulated by a Whole Neutral Atmosphere General Circulation Model
Authors: Watanabe S. , Koshin D. , Noguchi S. , Sato K.
Published: August 2022

Atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) during the February 2018 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event are simulated using the T639L340 whole neutral atmosphere general circulation model. Their characteristic morphology around the drastically evolving polar vortex is revealed by three‐dimensional (3D) visualization and ray‐tracing analyses. The 3D morphology of simulated GWs is described for the three key days that represent the pre‐SSW conditions, the mature stage for the vortex splitting, and the late SSW. The combination of strong winds along the polar vortex edge and underneath the tropospheric winds with similar wind directions consist of the deep waveguide for the upward‐propagating GWs, forming GW hot spots in the middle atmosphere. The GW hot spots associated with the development of the SSW are limited to North America and Greenland, and they include the typical upward‐propagating orographic GWs with relatively long vertical wavelengths. Different types of characteristic GW signatures are also recognized around the Canadian sub‐vortex (CV). GWs having short vertical wavelengths form near the surface and obliquely propagate over long distances along the CV winds. The non‐orographic GWs with short vertical wavelengths form in the middle stratosphere through the spontaneous adjustment of flow imbalance around the CV. Those GWs cyclonically ascend into the mesosphere along CV winds.
Trends, Variability, and Drivers of Flash Droughts in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Lesinger Kyle , Tian Di
Published: August 2022

Flash droughts are recently recognized subseasonal extreme climate phenomena, which develop with rapid onset and intensification and have significant socio‐environmental impacts. However, their historical trends and variability remain unclear largely due to the uncertainty associated with existing approaches. Here we comprehensively assessed trends, spatiotemporal variability, and drivers of soil moisture (SM) and evaporative demand (ED) flash droughts over the contiguous United States (CONUS) during 1981–2018 using hierarchical clustering, wavelet analysis, and bootstrapping conditional probability approaches. Results show that flash droughts occur in all regions in CONUS with Central and portions of the Eastern US showing the highest percentage of weeks in flash drought. ED flash drought trends are significantly increasing in all regions, while SM flash drought trends were relatively weaker across CONUS, with small significant increasing trends in the South and West regions and a decreasing trend in the Northeast. Rising ED flash drought trends are related to increasing temperature trends, while SM flash drought trends are strongly related to trends in weekly precipitation intensity besides weekly average precipitation and evapotranspiration. In terms of temporal variability, high severity flash droughts occurred every 2–7 years, corresponding with ENSO periods. For most CONUS regions, severe flash droughts occurred most often during La Niña and when the American Multidecadal Oscillation was in a positive phase. Pacific Decadal Oscillation negative phases and Artic Oscillation positive phases were also associated with increased flash drought occurrences in several regions. These findings may have implications for informing long‐term flash drought predictions and adaptations.
Accelerated forgetting of a trauma-like event in healthy men and women after a single dose of hydrocortisone
Authors: Hennessy Vanessa E. , Troebinger Luzia , Iskandar Georges , Das Ravi K. , Kamboj Sunjeev K.
Published: August 2022

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterised by dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and altered glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity. Early treatment with glucocorticoids may reduce PTSD risk, although the effect of such treatment on the aetiologically critical step of traumatic-memory-formation remains unclear. Here we examine the effects of exogenous cortisol (hydrocortisone) in a preclinical model of PTSD, using a factorial (Drug × Sex), randomised-controlled, double-blind design. Healthy men and women (n = 120) were randomised to receive 30 mg oral hydrocortisone or matched placebo immediately after watching a stressful film. Effects on film-related intrusions were assessed acutely in the lab, and ecologically using daily memory diaries for one week. We found that participants receiving hydrocortisone showed a faster reduction in daily intrusion frequency. Voluntary memory was assessed once, at the end of the week, but was unaffected by hydrocortisone. Exploratory analyses indicated sex-dependent associations between intrusions and baseline estradiol and progesterone levels. In men receiving hydrocortisone, higher baseline estradiol levels were associated with fewer intrusions, whereas women exhibited the opposite pattern. By contrast, progesterone levels were positively associated with intrusions only in men treated with hydrocortisone. The findings suggest that hydrocortisone promotes an accelerated degradation of sensory-perceptual representations underlying traumatic intrusive memories. In addition, while sex alone was not an important moderator, the combination of sex and sex-hormone levels (especially estradiol) influenced hydrocortisone’s effects on involuntary aversive memories. Future well-powered experimental studies may provide a basis for a precision-psychiatry approach to optimising early post-traumatic glucocorticoid treatments that target intrusive memories, based on individual endocrinological profiles.
Coherent terahertz radiation with 2.8-octave tunability through chip-scale photomixed microresonator optical parametric oscillation
Authors: Wang Wenting , Lu Ping-Keng , Vinod Abhinav Kumar , Turan Deniz , McMillan James F. , Liu Hao , Yu Mingbin , Kwong Dim-Lee , Jarrahi Mona , Wong Chee Wei
Published: August 2022

High-spectral-purity frequency-agile room-temperature sources in the terahertz spectrum are foundational elements for imaging, sensing, metrology, and communications. Here we present a chip-scale optical parametric oscillator based on an integrated nonlinear microresonator that provides broadly tunable single-frequency and multi-frequency oscillators in the terahertz regime. Through optical-to-terahertz down-conversion using a plasmonic nanoantenna array, coherent terahertz radiation spanning 2.8-octaves is achieved from 330 GHz to 2.3 THz, with ≈20 GHz cavity-mode-limited frequency tuning step and ≈10 MHz intracavity-mode continuous frequency tuning range at each step. By controlling the microresonator intracavity power and pump-resonance detuning, tunable multi-frequency terahertz oscillators are also realized. Furthermore, by stabilizing the microresonator pump power and wavelength, sub-100 Hz linewidth of the terahertz radiation with 10−15 residual frequency instability is demonstrated. The room-temperature generation of both single-frequency, frequency-agile terahertz radiation and multi-frequency terahertz oscillators in the chip-scale platform offers unique capabilities in metrology, sensing, imaging and communications.
Structural basis of ion uptake in copper-transporting P1B-type ATPases
Authors: Salustros Nina , Grønberg Christina , Abeyrathna Nisansala S. , Lyu Pin , Orädd Fredrik , Wang Kaituo , Andersson Magnus , Meloni Gabriele , Gourdon Pontus
Published: August 2022

Copper is essential for living cells, yet toxic at elevated concentrations. Class 1B P-type (P1B-) ATPases are present in all kingdoms of life, facilitating cellular export of transition metals including copper. P-type ATPases follow an alternating access mechanism, with inward-facing E1 and outward-facing E2 conformations. Nevertheless, no structural information on E1 states is available for P1B-ATPases, hampering mechanistic understanding. Here, we present structures that reach 2.7 Å resolution of a copper-specific P1B-ATPase in an E1 conformation, with complementing data and analyses. Our efforts reveal a domain arrangement that generates space for interaction with ion donating chaperones, and suggest a direct Cu+ transfer to the transmembrane core. A methionine serves a key role by assisting the release of the chaperone-bound ion and forming a cargo entry site together with the cysteines of the CPC signature motif. Collectively, the findings provide insights into P1B-mediated transport, likely applicable also to human P1B-members.
Spatial organization of olfactory receptor gene choice in the complete V1R-related ORA family of zebrafish
Authors: Kowatschew Daniel , Bozorg Nia Shahrzad , Hassan Shahzaib , Ustinova Jana , Weth Franco , Korsching Sigrun I.
Published: August 2022

The vertebrate sense of smell employs four main receptor families for detection of odors, among them the V1R/ORA family, which is unusually small and highly conserved in teleost fish. Zebrafish possess just seven ORA receptors, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the expression patterns of the entire family. The olfactory organ of zebrafish is representative for teleosts, cup-shaped, with lamella covered with sensory epithelium protruding into the cup from a median raphe. We have performed quantitative in situ hybridization on complete series of horizontal cryostat sections of adult zebrafish olfactory organ, and have analysed the location of ora-expressing cells in three dimensions, radial diameter, laminar height, and height-within-the-organ. We report broadly overlapping, but distinctly different distributions for all ora genes, even for ora3a and ora3b, the most recent gene duplication. Preferred positions in different dimensions are independent of each other. This spatial logic is very similar to previous reports for the much larger families of odorant receptor (or) and V2R-related olfC genes in zebrafish. Preferred positions for ora genes tend to be more central and more apical than those we observed for these other two families, consistent with expression in non-canonical sensory neuron types.
Mitogenome selection in the evolution of key ecological strategies in the ancient hexapod class Collembola
Authors: Monsanto Daniela M. , Main Devon C. , Janion-Scheepers Charlene , Emami-Khoyi Arsalan , Deharveng Louis , Bedos Anne , Potapov Mikhail , Parbhu Shilpa P. , Le Roux Johannes J. , Teske Peter R. , van Vuuren Bettine Jansen
Published: August 2022

A longstanding question in evolutionary biology is how natural selection and environmental pressures shape the mitochondrial genomic architectures of organisms. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cellular respiration and aerobic metabolism, making their genomes functionally highly constrained. Evaluating selective pressures on mitochondrial genes can provide functional and ecological insights into the evolution of organisms. Collembola (springtails) are an ancient hexapod group that includes the oldest terrestrial arthropods in the fossil record, and that are closely associated with soil environments. Of interest is the diversity of habitat stratification preferences (life forms) exhibited by different species within the group. To understand whether signals of positive selection are linked to the evolution of life forms, we analysed 32 published Collembola mitogenomes in a phylomitogenomic framework. We found no evidence that signatures of selection are correlated with the evolution of novel life forms, but rather that mutations have accumulated as a function of time. Our results highlight the importance of nuclear-mitochondrial interactions in the evolution of collembolan life forms and that mitochondrial genomic data should be interpreted with caution, as complex selection signals may complicate evolutionary inferences.
Numerical study on existing RC circular section members under unequal impact collision
Authors: Yanhui Liu , Al-Bukhaiti Khalil , Shichun Zhao , Abas Hussein , Nan Xu , Lang Yang , Yu Yan Xing , Daguang Han
Published: August 2022

Traffic accidents and derailed train-related incidents have occurred more often than ever in recent years, resulting in some economic damage and casualties. Reinforced concrete (RC) constructions often involve derailed train and vehicle accidents. Rarely are such side collisions studied in previous studies. To do this, high-fidelity simulation-based finite-element (FE) models are created in this paper to accurately simulate the collision of circular RC members with a derailed train. The reinforced concrete member structure is common in high-speed railway stations. The impact energy of the impact body is significant, causing structural member failure. It analyses the dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete members under unequal span impact loads. Numerical implementations of impact issues are discussed from the perspective of geometric, contact, and material properties. The reliability and precision of the ABAQUS code to solve impact issues are verified by comparing failure modes, impact, and deflection time history experimental outputs. By analysing the impact response characteristics, used the control variables to study the failure process and mode (including the characteristics of impact and reaction forces, deflection time history curve, impact force–deflection curve, and bearing reaction force–deflection curve). The reinforcement ratio, impact velocity, concrete strength, and slenderness ratio significantly affect shear crack pattern and development. Changes in impact velocity and slenderness ratio also affect member failure modes.
From ethene to propene (ETP) on tailored silica–alumina supports with isolated Ni(ii) sites: uncovering the importance of surface nickel aluminate sites and the carbon-pool mechanism
Authors: Chen Zixuan , Docherty Scott R. , Florian Pierre , Kierzkowska Agnieszka , Moroz Ilia B. , Abdala Paula M. , Copéret Christophe , Müller Christoph R. , Fedorov Alexey
Published: August 2022

The ethene-to-propene reaction on Ni catalysts correlates with the formation of alkylated aromatic species. The deactivation of surface Ni aluminate sites can be reversed by calcination, while the deactivation of Ni silicate sites is irreversible.
A semi-encapsulated PdRh alloy heterojunction for the selective catalytic hydrogenation of nitrophenylacetylene to nitrostyrene
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Wang Yiming , Ding Kelong , Li Hong , Sun Zejun , Hu Ze-Nan , Sun Hong-bin
Published: August 2022

Carbon-shell semi-encapsulated PdRh heterojunction catalysts are used for the selective semi-hydrogenation of 3-nitrophenylacetylene to 3-nitrostyrene under atmospheric hydrogen pressure.
Trade-offs between Sustainable Development Goals in carbon capture and utilisation
Authors: Ioannou Iasonas , Galán-Martín Ángel , Pérez-Ramírez Javier , Guillén-Gosálbez Gonzalo
Published: August 2022

We analyse the future transition towards a carbon-neutral chemical sector. Our study unfolds new avenues to include SDG-based metrics in science and engineering while quantifying the potential collateral damage of CCU on sustainable development.
The structural characteristics and mechanisms of antimicrobial carbon dots: a mini review
Authors: Guo Baoyan , Liu Guo , Hu Chaofan , Lei Bingfu , Liu Yingliang
Published: August 2022

A review on the structure–activity relationship and mechanism of antimicrobial CDs.
Meyer–Schuster rearrangement of propargylic alcohols mediated by phosphorus-containing Brønsted acid catalysts
Authors: Radtanajiravong Lalita , Peters Jake , Hummell Jake , Díez-González Silvia
Published: August 2022

Hypophosphorus acid is an inexpensive and readily available catalyst for Meyer–Schuster rearrangements in the presence of water and air.
A review on the assembly of multi-substituted pyridines via Co-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition with nitriles
Authors: Cen Kaili , Usman Muhammad , Shen Wangzhen , Liu Meijing , Yang Rong , Cai Jinhui
Published: August 2022

This review mainly focuses on the recent advances in Co-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of alkynes with nitriles to access multi-substituted pyridines. Meanwhile, brief mechanistic insights are also discussed to explain the observed regioselectivity.
pH-Responsive, two-in-one doxorubicin and Bcl-2 siRNA-loaded micelleplexes for triple-negative breast cancer therapy
Authors: Lu Hung-Hsun , Liu Hsueh Wen , Dinh Trinh Kieu , Huang Cheng-Hung , Huang Hsi-Chien , Tseng Ya-Ching , Ku Man-Hsuan , Wang Fu-Sheng , Chen Yunching , Peng Chi-How
Published: August 2022

Triblock copolymer, PEG-b-PDMAEMA-b-PDPA, simultaneously encapsulated doxorubicin and Bcl-2 siRNA for delivery to cancer cells, thus achieving combination chemotherapy and gene therapy.
Visible-light enabled synthesis of cyclopropane-fused indolines via dearomatization of indoles
Authors: Huang Xu-Lun , Cheng Yuan-Zheng , You Shu-Li
Published: August 2022

An efficient synthesis of methylene-unsubstituted cyclopropane-fused indolines via photoredox catalyzed dearomative cyclopropanation of indole derivatives was developed.
Carotane sesquiterpenoids A–G from the desert endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. HM 166
Authors: Zhang Bing-Wen , Jiang Li , Li Zhuang , Gao Xue-Hui , Cao Fei , Lu Xin-hua , Shen Wen-Bin , Zhang Xue-Xia , Kong Fan-Dong , Luo Du-Qiang
Published: August 2022

Seven undescribed carotane sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the endophytic fungi Fusarium sp. HM166. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and ECD defined absolute configurations. Cytotoxicity for Huh-7, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines and IDH1R132h mutant were studied.
Screen-printed p–n BiOCl/BiFeO3 heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Fourmont Paul , Cloutier Sylvain G.
Published: August 2022

We report a facile methodology to print colloid-free p–n BiOCl/BiFeO3 heterojunctions for degradation of Rhodamine B. Thanks to dense interconnected networks of BiOCl nanosheets, a 92% degradation of rhodamine B is achieved under visible light.
Nitrogen defect-containing polymeric carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution and RhB degradation under visible light irradiation
Authors: Li Man , Bai Xin , Rao Xi , Zheng Shaohui , Zhang Yongping
Published: August 2022

Nitrogen defects formed by missing the inner N-bridge atoms and sulfur dopant in g-C3N4.
A switchable redox annulation of 2-nitroarylethanols affording N-heterocycles: photoexcited nitro as a multifunctional handle
Authors: Wang Bin , Ren Hongyuan , Cao Hou-Ji , Lu Changsheng , Yan Hong
Published: August 2022

A cyclization strategy of 2-nitroarylethanols under blue-light irradiation was developed, which is triggered by a photoexcited nitro-induced double hydrogen atom abstraction (d-HAA) process, delivering indoles, N–OH oxindoles and N–H oxindoles.
Chiral diboranes as catalysts for the stereoselective organopolymerization of epoxides
Authors: Sirin-Sariaslan Ayla , Naumann Stefan
Published: August 2022

Chiral diborane catalysts deliver well-defined isotactic-enriched polyether, whereby also polyester-type macroinitiators can be employed.
Novel mediators of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Saito Shigeki , Deskin Brian , Rehan Mohammad , Yadav Santosh , Matsunaga Yasuka , Lasky Joseph A. , Thannickal Victor J.
Published: August 2022

Fibrosis involving the lung may occur in many settings, including in association with known environmental agents, connective tissue diseases, and exposure to drugs or radiation therapy. The most common form is referred to as ‘idiopathic’ since a causal agent or specific association has not been determined; the strongest risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is aging. Emerging studies indicate that targeting certain components of aging biology may be effective in mitigating age-associated fibrosis. While transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a central mediator of fibrosis in almost all contexts, and across multiple organs, it is not feasible to target this canonical pathway at the ligand–receptor level due to the pleiotropic nature of its actions; importantly, its homeostatic roles as a tumor-suppressor and immune-modulator make this an imprudent strategy. However, defining targets downstream of its receptor(s) that mediate fibrogenesis, while relatively dispenable for tumor- and immune-suppressive functions may aid in developing safer and more effective therapies. In this review, we explore molecular targets that, although TGF-β1 induced/activated, may be relatively more selective in mediating tissue fibrosis. Additionally, we explore epigenetic mechanisms with global effects on the fibrogenic process, as well as metabolic pathways that regulate aging and fibrosis.
Clinical Guidelines for Eliciting Discourse Using the RHDBank Protocol
Authors: Minga Jamila , Stockbridge Melissa D. , Durfee Alexandra , Johnson Melissa
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Examining discourse after right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) can provide invaluable clinical data and insight into functional communication capabilities. Yet, clinicians preparing to enter the field may have limited experience eliciting and analyzing discourse for therapeutic purposes. The purpose of this work is to present a practical guide for the clinical use of the RHDBank protocol.

Method:

Following a brief overview of the RHDBank protocol, elicitation guidelines and protocol administration considerations are offered. Measures that should be considered when analyzing RHDBank-elicited discourse are summarized. The RHDBank protocol is positioned as an accessible resource for discourse elicitation in the clinical setting, and examples for the clinical use of the protocol are provided.

Conclusions:

Discourse production can be a key source of information regarding communication ability following RHD. The RHDBank provides a structured and scripted approach to the clinical elicitation of language and consideration of discourse production. Its immediate clinical utility will assist developing clinicians with the acquisition of a clinically relevant elicitation approach and more comprehensive view of the RHD communication impairments. Application of the protocol can aid in collective knowledge advancement that will promote a better understanding of RHD language production as a clinical entity with an array of possible characteristics.
Glottal Stop Production in Controls and Patients With Unilateral Vocal Fold Paresis/Paralysis
Authors: Stager Sheila V. , Maryn Youri
Published: August 2022

Purposes:

The purposes of this study were to determine whether the acoustic measures from glottal stops distinguished between controls and patients with unilateral vocal fold paresis/paralysis (UVFP) at initial evaluation and posttreatment/observation, to explore the types of false vocal fold (FVF) movement during glottal stop production in UVFP, and to assess the agreement between normalization of various measures and reported voice normalization.

Method:

Patients with UVFP and controls were recorded acoustically and laryngoscopically speaking two sets of five repeated /i/s, controls once and patients with UVFP initially and posttreatment/observation. Averaged intensity differences and slopes for offsets (maximum voicing intensity to minimum glottal stop intensity) and onsets (minimum glottal stop intensity to maximum voicing intensity) were measured. FVF movements were rated separately for paretic and nonparetic sides. Patients were asked to report voice normalization posttreatment/observation. Cohen's kappas were calculated for agreements between patient-reported voice normalization and normalization of Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL), translaryngeal flow, four acoustic measures of glottal stop production, and FVF movement.

Results:

Significant differences (analysis of variance [ANOVA];
p
< .014) were found for all acoustic measures between controls and patients with UVFP and between patients with UVFP initially and posttreatment/observation (paired
t
tests;
p
< .05). In addition, 78% of UVFP patients had no FVF movement on the paretic side initially, and 42% had bilateral dynamic FVF movement posttreatment/observation. Cohen's kappa showed moderate agreement between voice normalization and V-RQOL, slight agreement with offset measures, and fair agreement with onset measures.

Conclusion:

This study provided proof of concept for using acoustic measures of glottal stops to distinguish between controls and patients with UVFP, both initially and posttreatment/observation.
What We Learn From Listening to Families in Early Childhood Tele-Intervention During the Pandemic
Authors: Rodríguez-García Lidia , de la Mano-Rodero Paola
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Plena Inclusión is the National Federation of Organisations of People with Disabilities in Spain providing services, defending rights, and being an agent of social change. Families who have children with early childhood intervention (ECI) support needs have experienced a changing situation during confinement due to the pandemic. Some of these changes have critically affected some families, whereas others have been able to rely on professional support that has allowed them to develop strengths and improve their functioning as a family. This objective is, precisely, one of the keys to the Family-Centered Practice (FCP) model in ECI. This study aims to explore the narratives of families who have received support in ECI practices during the lockdown in the region of Castilla–La Mancha (Spain) within the frame of Plena Inclusión services. These practices have been directed, in many cases, toward tele-intervention.

Method:

Data have been collected through ethnographic interviews with families and have been processed through thematic analysis.

Results:

The results show the perception of families articulated in two thematic network focuses: the personal and family emotions regarding the past and present moment (fear, loneliness, despair, nervousness, uncertainty, anguish, and frustration) and the emotions experienced also in the present but projected toward future (feeling of competence, hope, adaptation, tranquility as they felt supported by professionals, relief for not being alone, trust in their process, or empowerment, among others).

Conclusions:

In parallel, focus groups with professionals who support these families were carried out, although the results of this analysis will be presented in future reports. The study opens new lines, which evidence the difficulty of the process of transformation toward actual FCPs.
Synchronization for mini‐UAV‐based high‐resolution BiSAR systems: Lost direct signal estimation based on Hampel filtering
Authors: Wang Zhanze , Liu Feifeng , Zhang Shuyao , Xu Zhixiang
Published: August 2022

In mini‐unmanned aerial vehicle‐based high‐resolution bistatic synthetic aperture radar systems, the rotation of the unmanned aerial vehicle platforms will cause direct signal loss, resulting in the reduction of synchronization error compensation accuracy. Here, a synchronization algorithm is proposed to estimate the lost direct signal. First, bistatic time and phase synchronization signal models are established. Then, Hampel filtering is used to estimate the time delay of the lost direct signal, and the time and phase synchronization errors are estimated based on third‐order polynomial fitting. A high‐resolution synthetic aperture radar image is used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm in mini‐unmanned aerial vehicle‐based high‐resolution bistatic synthetic aperture radar systems.
Vibrationally excited HCN transitions in circumstellar envelopes of carbon-rich AGB stars
Authors: Jeste Manali , Gong Yan , Wong Ka Tat , Menten Karl M. , Kamiński Tomasz , Wyrowski Friedrich
Published: August 2022

Context. The most abundant molecule after H2 and CO in the circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) of carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars is HCN. Its rotational lines within vibrationally excited states are exceptional tracers of the innermost region of carbon-rich CSEs.

Aims. We aim to constrain the physical conditions of CSEs of carbon-rich stars using thermal lines of the HCN molecule. Additionally, we also search for new HCN masers and probe the temporal variations for HCN masers, which should shed light on their pumping mechanisms.

Methods. We observed 16 carbon-rich AGB stars in various HCN rotational transitions, within the ground and 12 vibrationally excited states, with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) 12-metre sub-millimetre telescope.

Results. We detect 68 vibrationally excited HCN lines from 13 carbon-rich stars, including 39 thermal transitions and 29 maser lines, suggesting that vibrationally excited HCN lines are ubiquitous in carbon-rich stars. Population diagrams constructed for two objects from the sample, for thermal transitions from different vibrationally excited states, give excitation temperatures around 800–900 K, confirming that they arise from the hot innermost regions of CSEs (i.e. r <20 R*). Among the detected masers, 23 are newly detected, and the results expand the total number of known HCN masers lines towards carbon-rich stars by 47%. In particular, the J = 2−1 (0, 3le, 0), J = 3−2 (0, 2, 0), and J = 4−3 (0, 11f, 0) masers are detected in an astronomical source for the first time. Our observations confirm temporal variations of the 2−1 (0, 11e, 0) maser on a timescale of a few years. Our analysis of the data suggests that all detected HCN masers are unsaturated. A gas kinetic temperature of ≳700 K and an H2 number density of >108 cm−3 are required to excite the HCN masers. In some ways, HCN masers in carbon-rich stars might be regarded as an analogy of SiO masers in oxygen-rich stars.
The importance of Fe fragmentation for LiBeB analyses
Authors: Maurin D. , Ferronato Bueno E. , Génolini Y. , Derome L. , Vecchi M.
Published: August 2022

Context.High-precision data from AMS-02 on Li, Be, and B provide the best constraints on Galactic cosmic-ray transport parameters.

Aims.We re-evaluate the impact of Fe fragmentation on the Li, Be, and B modelling. We discuss the consequences on the transport parameter determination and reassess whether a primary source of Li is needed to match AMS-02 data.

Methods.We renormalised several cross-section parametrisations to existing data for the most important reactions producing Li, Be, and B. We used theUSINEcode with these new cross-section sets to re-analyse Li/C, Be/C, and B/C AMS-02 data.

Results.We built three equally plausible cross-section sets. Compared to the initial cross-section sets, they lead to an average enhanced production of Li (∼20 − 50%) and Be (∼5 − 15%), while leaving the B flux mostly unchanged. In particular, Fe fragmentation is found to contribute to up to 10% of the Li and Be fluxes. Used in the combined analysis of AMS-02 Li/C, Be/C, and B/C data, the fit is significantly improved, with an enhanced diffusion coefficient (∼20%). The three updated cross-section sets are found to either slightly undershoot or overshoot the Li/C and B/C ratios: this strongly disfavours evidence for a primary source of Li in cosmic rays. We stress that isotopic cosmic-ray ratios of Li (and to a lesser extent Be), soon to be released by AMS-02, are also impacted by the use of these updated sets.

Conclusions.Almost no nuclear data exist for the production of Li and B isotopes from Ne, Mg, Si, and Fe, whereas these reactions are estimated to account for ∼20% of the total production. New nuclear measurements would be appreciated and help to better exploit the high-precision AMS-02 cosmic-ray data.
TOPz: Photometric redshifts for J-PAS
Authors: Laur J. , Tempel E. , Tamm A. , Kipper R. , Liivamägi L. J. , Hernán-Caballero A. , Muru M. M. , Chaves-Montero J. , Díaz-García L. A. , Turner S. , Tuvikene T. , Queiroz C. , Bom C. R. , Fernández-Ontiveros J. A. , González Delgado R. M. , Civera T. , Abramo R. , Alcaniz J. , Benítez N. , Bonoli S. , Carneiro S. , Cenarro J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Dupke R. , Ederoclite A. , López-Sanjuan C. , Marín-Franch A. , de Oliveira C. M. , Moles M. , Sodré L. , Taylor K. , Varela J. , Ramió H. V.
Published: August 2022

Context.The importance of photometric galaxy redshift estimation is rapidly increasing with the development of specialised powerful observational facilities.

Aims.We develop a new photometric redshift estimation workflow TOPz to provide reliable and efficient redshift estimations for the upcoming large-scale survey J-PAS which will observe 8500 deg2of the northern sky through 54 narrow-band filters.

Methods.TOPz relies on template-based photo-zestimation with some added J-PAS specific features and possibilities. We present TOPz performance on data from the miniJPAS survey, a precursor to the J-PAS survey with an identical filter system. First, we generated spectral templates based on the miniJPAS sources using the synthetic galaxy spectrum generation software CIGALE. Then we applied corrections to the input photometry by minimising systematic offsets from the template flux in each filter. To assess the accuracy of the redshift estimation, we used spectroscopic redshifts from the DEEP2, DEEP3, and SDSS surveys, available for 1989 miniJPAS galaxies withr <22 magAB. We also tested how the choice and number of input templates, photo-zpriors, and photometric corrections affect the TOPz redshift accuracy.

Results.The general performance of the combination of miniJPAS data and the TOPz workflow fulfills the expectations for J-PAS redshift accuracy. Similarly to previous estimates, we find that 38.6% of galaxies withr< 22 mag reach the J-PAS redshift accuracy goal of dz/(1 +z) < 0.003. Limiting the number of spectra in the template set improves the redshift accuracy up to 5%, especially for fainter, noise-dominated sources. Further improvements will be possible once the actual J-PAS data become available.
Danish, Estonian and Finnish NZEB requirements comparison with European Commission recommendations for office buildings in Nordic and Oceanic climates
Authors: Simson Raimo , Arumägi Endrik , Thomsen Kirsten Engelund , Wittchen Kim Bjarne , Kurnitski Jarek
Published: August 2022

Direct comparison of building energy performance levels between countries is usually not possible due to differences in climatic conditions, calculation methods, primary energy (PE) factors and input data. The aim of this paper is to analyse the differences in nearly zero energy office buildings requirements and energy calculation methodology in Denmark, Finland, and Estonia. The study is based on a newly built Estonian office building, designed to meet national NZEB requirements. To account for the climatic differences between the countries a heating-degree-days-based correction factor was applied for building envelope thermal transmittance. NZEB requirements for each country are compared with European Commission (EC) recommended values (EU 2016/1318) using normalization and benchmarking through detailed computer simulations. National NZEB primary energy threshold was needed to be reduced by 7% in Denmark and by 23% in Estonia to meet EC recommendations. At the same time, the flagship reference building, that was better than Estonian NZEB, met both Nordic and Oceanic EC recommendations. Finnish NZEB requirement was not exceeded with any building configuration applied in this study, indicating that Finnish NZEB is considerably less strict compared to Danish and Estonian ones.
Experimental study of dew point evaporative cooling air-conditioning unit by inner loop for data-centers buildings
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqiang , Lu Huanjie , Chen Xiaoming , He Huaming , Huang Hualing
Published: August 2022

According to the climate characteristics, a new dew point evaporative cooling air conditioning unit was design and analysis. Through take return air of the data-center into the dew point evaporative cooling air conditioning unit, then it in dry channel was cooled by wording air come from fresh air at wet channel. The work performance of the unit was test at different outdoor climate conditions of refrigeration performance parameters, and take a data-center project of Lanzhou as an example, the potential of energy saving and economic were analysis. Result showed the energy saving effect was significant and economic recovery within 1.5 years.
Parametric optimization of a novel air supply device used in tunnel fire
Authors: Ma Yuanqing , Wang Tianqi , Wang Zhiwei , Yang Hechang , Li Angui
Published: August 2022

Tunnel widely exists in highway, subway and other underground buildings. Due to the structural limitations, the direction of evacuation is consistent with the main flow direction of smoke in the tunnel. For the design of smoke exhaust system, traditional methods aim at reducing the overall smoke concentration in the whole tunnel. However, when fire hazard occurs, rapid personnel escape requires higher visibility. In this paper, a novel air supply device designed for smoke-insulation passageway establishment and ventilation in tunnel fire is introduced. Wall-attached jet and orifice plate jet are combined in this device, which enables passageway to isolate smoke intrusion. In this study, an approach has been devised combining Response Surface Method (RSM) with numerical simulations as well as visualization experiment to get better performance of the device. Parametric optimization was conducted for the three influencing variables, i.e., the air supply volume, opening rate of orifice plate, and width of wall-attached jet. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates that all the three factors are significant. Moreover, the optimal combination can be obtained within the admissible range of the three factors through response optimization. A regression equation is developed to predict the effect of the novel air supply device for any input values of the three influencing variables.
Effects of multi-orifice plate with different geometric parameters on flow distribution of plenum chamber for ventilation duct systems
Authors: Zhang Wanqing , Gao Xin , Li Angui
Published: August 2022

Plenum chambers are common devices used for flow and pressure equalization in ventilation and air conditioning systems. Aiming for reducing energy consumption and improving ventilation performance, the optimal cross-sectional aspect ratio (W/H) and length (L) of the single-path unlined rectangular plenum chamber is obtained through the authors’ preliminary research. In this study, based on the analysis of interior flow characteristics of single-path plenum chamber, it is shown that the traditional chamber configuration commonly used in engineering is not an ideal structure that can achieve uniform flow distribution. The multi-orifice plate is proposed to add inside chamber to improve flow uniformity. Under the two typical design schemes of W/H=1/1 and 5/1, the effect of multi-orifice plate with different geometric parameters on flow distribution of plenum chamber is investigated, and the optimal installation position and aperture rate of orifice plate is proposed. The optimized aperture ratio is designed to be 30% for both the two typical chamber configurations. When W/H=1/1, it is recommended to install the multi-orifice plate at the position of y/L=0.1, as for W/H=5/1, the y/L=0.3 is preferred. Besides, the fluid equalizing effect of the plenum chamber with multi-orifice plate is verified under four commonly used air ducts specifications in engineering.
Geometric parameters optimization of low resistance T-junction with guide vanes in HVAC system
Authors: Yin Yifei , Wen Xiaoqi , Zhang Jiawei , Li Angui
Published: August 2022

In recent years, with the increasing energy consumption and carbon emissions, people are paying more and more attention to related measures for energy conservation and emission reduction. As an important conveying component of the HVAC system, the pipe network system plays the function of distributing the fluid medium. However, a large part of the resistance loss is often generated during this transportation process, and the local pressure loss caused by local resistance components (e.g., T-junction) accounts for a large part of the total pressure drop. In this work, the influence of different guide vane positions on the resistance of the T-junction is analyzed. The internal flow field distribution and resistance characteristics of the T-junction are explored by numerical calculation method. The total energy dissipation and resistance reduction rate of the traditional T-junction and the novel T-junction with a guide vane are compared under different flow ratios. The resistance reduction rate of the optimized T-junction with a guide vane is 21.5%. The insertion of guide vanes can reduce the flow resistance and total energy loss of T-junction.
Development of three-dimensional clothing model for a computer-simulated person integrated with a thermoregulation model
Authors: Hyodo Sena , Murota Kei , Yoo Sung-Jun , Ito Kazuhide
Published: August 2022

In recent years, an integrated analysis of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computer simulation person (CSP), especially to reproduce the shape of the human body, has been conducted to estimate the interaction between the human body and its surrounding indoor environment. Meanwhile, clothing is often treated in a simplified manner, as a means of resistance to heat and pollutant transfer, and there is sufficient room for improvement in the hygrothermal and scalar transfer phenomena in and around clothing with a complex geometry. In this study, some garment models with complex geometry and others with simplified geometry were created with a CSP, and airflow, temperature, and humidity were investigated along with the CSP. It was assumed that only heat and water vapor were transported in the garment. As a result, the naked model was found to be over-or underestimated with respect to all airflow, temperature, and water vapor. It was also found that models with a simple garment shape produced the same results as models with a complex geometry on a macroscopic scale. Models with different regions and smaller air gaps between the clothes and the human body should be confirmed.
Analysis of Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Ambient Temperature Field in Buildings
Authors: Jin Xu , He Yue , Liu Shi , Liu ZhongYan , Liu Pei
Published: August 2022

To address the uneven distribution of the thermal environment in buildings and the temperature deviation between the end temperature sensing devices and the thermal environment of the work area, this paper presents a simulation and experimental study of the indoor temperature distribution characteristics and its influencing factors, taking an office in a northern area as the research object. Firstly, a three-dimensional model of the building is constructed based on ANSYS software to simulate the indoor temperature distribution characteristics in summer and winter under the influencing factors of outdoor environment, building orientation, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and the form and arrangement of indoor terminals. Secondly, based on the simulation and experimental data, the effect of different influencing factors on indoor temperature is analysed, and a formula for fitting the WWRto indoor temperature and a formula for fitting the temperature deviation between the temperature sensor and the working area with the characteristics of influencing factors is proposed, laying a theoretical foundation for indoor temperature end control technology.
Experimental Study On Operating Characteristic For Combined Radiant Floor And Fan Coil Cooling System In Under Low Temperature And High Humidity
Authors: Zhu Xuwei , Ren Jing , An Farun , Yang Lina , Liu Jiying
Published: August 2022

The combined radiant floor and fan coil cooling (RFCAFC) system is widely used due to its high comfort and large energy saving potential. In this study, as an example, the combined RFCAFC system was studied in a high humidity environment in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Days with similar outdoor meteorological conditions were grouped, and the comfort level and other evaluation indicators. The RFCAFC had good energy efficiency and comfort when the room was in a high humidity environment. This study showed that the radiant floor surface temperature uniformity coefficient (S) fluctuated between 0.7 and 1.0. The proportion of the total cooling capacity contributed by fan coil cooling under low temperature and high humidity (LH) is 68.0%. The combined cooling system used the LH operating strategy, the PMV value fluctuated from 0.12 to 0.49. Based on this study, the following recommendations for the combined cooling system can be made: (1) When the outdoor humidity is high, the radiant floor system should be turned on early to provide cooling capacity. (2) The operation strategy of the combined cooling system must be able to respond in real time to changes in outdoor meteorological conditions to prevent discomfort in times of extreme heat or humidity.