bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CIVILIZATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL SELF-IDENTIFICATION IN UKRAINE: PHILOSOPHICAL-ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: Boichenko M. I. , Yakovleva O. V. , Liakh V. V.
Published: April 2019

Purpose. This article clarifies the significance of the person’s social self-identification as a basis for civilization and institutional explanation of national self-identification in Ukraine. Theoretical basis. The authors found that the analysis of the cultural and anthropological principles of national self-identity reveals two main opposed concepts: the concept of "eastern" cultural and social self-identity of Ukraine, which correlates with the metaphor of the split between "East" and "West", and the concept of "western" projection of the European future of Ukraine, which correlates with the metaphor of the bridge between "East" and "West". These concepts reflect the options for the citizens of Ukraine to make a personal choice of the way in achieving social self-identity. Douglas North’s concept of "open-access order" states and "limited access order" states can be used as a basis for an alternative, pragmatic approach to choice the criteria of national self-identity. Originality. National self-identification is a result of the choice of the person’s self-identification: still the person takes into account the history of the nation, the ethnic diversity of the nation, its cultural and civilizational characteristics. The philosophical-anthropological approach contributes to the demystification of the grounds of social self-identification, revealing the decisive role of the personal choice in shaping the new institutional foundations of national self-identity. Harmonization of the social institutions of Ukraine with the institutions of the European Union and the international community institutions opens wide opportunities for Ukraine’s successful integration into the "open-access order" societies. The clarification of the value and symbolic aspects of national self-identity in Ukraine contributes to the successful functioning of these institutions. Multilingualism is an adequate response to the global challenge of the reconstruction of Ukraine’s national self-identity. The education system is a key area for introducing multilingualism. Conclusions. The development, justification and systematization of cultural and institutional criteria for choosing the best ways to strengthen of national self-identity in Ukraine are a prerequisite for the successful self-identification of Ukrainian citizens in a complex and ever-changing global world.
ANTROPOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN LEGAL CERTAINTY RESEARCH
Authors: Ogneviuk H. Z.
Published: April 2019

Purpose. The study is aimed at highlighting in the historical-comparative context the influence of anthropological teachings on the development and formation of such a legal phenomenon as "legal certainty", proving that the category of legal certainty appeared as a consequence of anthropocentric philosophical approach in law. Theoretical basis. In the article, using the system approach, the content of the term "legal certainty" was analyzed. The axiological approach allowed generalizing various manifestations of legal certainty within the limits of one va-lue concept and generalizing it by formulating and emphasizing the importance of the anthropophilosophical approach in the study of legal phenomena. The method of comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization of philosophical concepts was used, in which the principle of legal certainty was expressed in different periods of historical development. Originality. This article supports a wide approach to understanding the principle of legal certainty, and the latter one relates to general theoretical legal principles. It is alleged that legal certainty consists of a number of requirements for lawmaking and law enforcement. In conducting a historical analysis for these requirements of legal certainty, it was established that they were historically originated and developed as a part of anthropological philosophical doctrine and subsequently embodied in law. The connection with anthropological teaching in jurisprudence is transformed into a relationship between the realization of the principle of legal certainty and human rights. Conclusions. Anthropological approaches in the study of legal phenomena allow providing value humanistic orientation to law. Human rights and freedoms as the most important social value require observance of them even when the legislation is imperfect, uncoordinated, contains gaps and uncertainties. The principle of legal certainty enables to overcome these difficulties, due to it the requirements of lawfulness and observance of human rights and freedoms are agreed upon. This principle is generally legal, and its content is revealed through a set of components – requirements.
PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY
Authors: Blynova O. Y. , Holovkova L. S. , Sheviakov O. V.
Published: April 2019

Purpose. The dynamics and pace of social and economic transformations that are characteristic of modern society, lead to an increase in tension and the destruction of habitual stereotypes – ideals, values, norms, patterns of behaviour that unite people. These moments encourage us to rethink the understanding of "security" essence, in particular, psychological, which emphasizes the urgency of its study in the philosophical and sociocultural coordinates. Theoretical basis of the research is based on the philosophical methodology of K. Jaspers, E. Fromm and the A. Maslow’s psychological approach to understanding of a person. Originality. Psychological security is considered at different levels: first and foremost, society is a characteristic of social security, that is an analysis of how today’s social technologies, social changes affect the quality of life of the country’s population; secondly, the social environment – the family, the immediate environment, reference groups, training teams; thirdly, a person is an experience of his own security-insecurity, when it is possible to talk about the manifestations of psychological violence, when certain behavioral acts contribute to the violation of the security of the other or to self-destruction. It is found out that the knowledge of psychological security is closely connected with the socio-historical conditions of being, with the level of development of material and spiritual culture, with the interests and values prevailing in society, which determines its ontological, epistemological and axiological features. The presented issue is considered in the correlation of psychological security with types of scientific rationality – classical, nonclassical and post-nonclassical approaches, within the framework of which various perspectives, aspects, forms and types of psychological security are studied. Conclusions. The concept of security requires a systematic description of its manifestations, types, levels, concepts: security as the absence of dangers (based on the principle of dichotomy, that is, a certain whole consisting of two opposite parts, in this case, the whole is human existence); security as a certain activity to ensure or to prevent any threats or dangers (activity approach); security as a conscious necessity, the value of the individual. The study systematizes various ideas about psychological security in accordance with the logic of scientific knowledge: in the mainstream of classical, non-classical and post-nonclassical approaches.
ADEQUATE ANTHROPOLOGY OF KAROL WOJTYLA
Authors: Kokhanovska M. G.
Published: April 2019

Purpose. The article is aimed to introduce Karol Wojtyła’s anthropological teaching into the philosophical discourse through the systematization of anthropological issues in his philosophical and theological works. Provision of insight into the peculiar features of his adequate anthropology implies the fulfillment of the following tasks: first, identification of the methodology and the meaning of the principal concepts; secondly, study of the thinker’s key ideas; thirdly, presentation of the periodization of his anthropological doctrine development. Theoretical basis comprises of Karol Wojtyła’s works written before and during the pontificate, excluding his poetic writing. The fulfillment of tasks involves processing the substantial database of academic research devoted to Karol Wojtyła’s views. It will help identify less-explored issues in Karol Wojtyła’s legacy, as well as contradictory aspects in the interpretation of the thinker’s ideas. In view of the growing interest of philosophical anthropology to everyday life, this aspect of Karol Wojtyła’s teaching is an important point in the analysis of his philosophical and anthropological considerations. Therefore, general research methods and approaches will help study Karol Wojtyła’s views on the nature of a human being, as well as individual and social dimensions of a person’s life. Originality lies in systematizing Karol Wojtyła’s anthropological ideas (in particular, through the study of all the thinker’s Polish-language works excluding poetry). The disclosure of the methodology, the key concepts and their interpretations, and the periodization of the development of Karol Wojtyła’s anthropological views can reveal his connection with the philosophical trends and define his place in modern philosophy. Conclusions. Wojtyła justifies the need for a new anthropological doctrine with an inappropriate place of a human being in the value system of the modern world, as he or she has evolved from the aim of everything ever created to the means. The basis of the new doctrine of a human being, namely adequate anthropology, is, according to him, human identity, dignity and "moral greatness". Karol Wojtyła’s "new human being" is the result of an integrated approach to studying the anthropological issues of the present and the response to "cultural impoverishment" and "the decline of mankind".
PLAGIARISM AS ANTROPOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL PHENOMENON
Authors: T. S. Parkhomenko
Published: April 2019

Purpose of the article is to determine plagiarism as anthropological and social phenomenon. Theoretical basis. The author has analysed authentic historical-philosophical and literary texts to explicate the original meaning of the terms, by which the phenomenon of plagiarism was denoted. There were used methods and principles of socio-philosophical and philosophical-anthropological research, in particular: social determinism and anthropological interpretation of human life phenomena (O. Bollnow). Originality consists of: clarifying the terminological evolution in relation to designating the phenomenon of plagiarism; 2) the philosophical-anthropological description of the motives and personal traits of the subject of plagiarism (plagiarist) proposed by author. Conclusions. 1. Plagiarism as practice and plagiarism as a term existed separately for a long time. With the nominates, which denoted the practice, "Plagium" had as its predecessors the Greek "Λογοκλόπία" and the Latin "Furta". The modern semantics genesis of the term "plagiarism" took place as a process of changing the nominal values due to the complication of the semantic structure of the word before reintegration. 2. Analysis of historical-philosophical and literary sources from the "Empedocles Case" and "Fedentinus Case" allowed reconstructing the anthropological characteristics of the named persons as plagiarists: both of them were induced to plagiarize by vanity, either due to temporary limitation of abilities to intellectual creation (Empedocles as a student) or due to constant limited ability to the literary creativity (Fedentinus). Plagiarism was also caused by the low moral qualities of both, that allows to consider plagiarism as one of the manifestations of the individual’s integral characteristics. 3. Vanity, that motivates the commission of plagiarism, is one of the manifestations of the esteem needs, sociogenic by its nature, but unlike the next, higher stage in the hierarchy of basic needs (A. Maslow) does not foresee the self-improvement of man. Therefore, the plagiarist does not pass to the level of the need for self-actualization, the means to satisfy which is creativity in its various forms, "trampling" on the previous level. 4. Plagiarism is an ambivalent phenomenon, because in spite of plagiarists’ anthropological peculiarities, the ontological foundations of plagiarism are rooted in the social nature of man.
Conteúdos programáticos versus proposta da Fundação Brasileira de Contabilidade para o ensino da CASP: similaridade ou dissimilitude?
Authors: Silva Géssica Israele Alves , Cajaiba Kleber da Silva , Farias Raissa Silveira de
Published: April 2019

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar, comparativamente, as disciplinas de Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Público e correlatas, ministradas nos cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis de universidades federais, e os preceitos da matriz curricular proposta pela Fundação Brasileira de Contabilidade (FBC). O estudo pautou-se em metodologia descritiva, de natureza qualitativa e análise documental de conteúdo. A amostra foi composta pelas grades curriculares, ementas e planos de ensino de todas as 36 universidades públicas federais, situadas nas cinco regiões geográficas brasileiras, que oferecem o curso de Ciências Contábeis, sendo: cinco da Região Centro-Oeste; dez da Região Nordeste; cinco da Região Norte; dez da Região Sudeste; e, seis da Região Sul. Os achados indicam que o nível de conformidade é baixo. Percebeu-se um claro déficit comparativo na quantidade de horas dedicadas às disciplinas que compõem a formação do conhecimento necessário para atuação dos futuros contadores na área pública e pouca transparência dos objetivos incutidos em cada disciplina. Considerando o alto nível de complexidade inerente à aplicação das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade, recém-convergidas ao setor público brasileiro, seria desejável que as escolas de graduação se aproximassem desses padrões, que são afeitos ao modelo da FBC. A distância de similaridade entre as propostas das universidades da amostra e a proposta da FBC, medida neste estudo, permite questionamentos a respeito das instituições de ensino ofertarem, ou não, conteúdos suficientes e atualizados, em quantidade e qualidade, que facilitem a obtenção de habilidades e competências esperadas de contadores e possibilitem uma atuação eficiente do futuro profissional na área contábil pública.
The Application of Problem-based Learning Approach in English Grammar Instruction: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chiou Bella
Published: April 2019

The study incorporates the problem-based approach (PBL) in the English class with an attempt to improve English low achievers’ grammar competence pertaining to relative clauses and their motivation in learning English. Fifty students divided into seven teams with leader for each were recruited. This study adopts the pre- and post-test research design as well as classroom observation checklist and two assignments. The result indicates that the engagement level of the participants is increased by the scenario-based strategy and their grammar competence improves under PBL instruction after being compared with the scores of pretest and posttest, which suggests that the PBL approach really exerts a positive influence on the performance of the participant. The finding also implies that the participants emphasizes, when offering solutions to the scenario, more on employment than on studies, which may reflect their real life experiences.
The Relationship between the Emotional Intelligence of Iranian EFL Learners and Their Performance on the Listening Section of IELTS
Authors: Farahani Ali Akbar Khomeijani , Gholam-Shahbazi Hassti
Published: April 2019

This study was an attempt to explore the role of emotional intelligence on the whole and its components particularly problem solving in EFL learners’ listening comprehension performance in the IELTS tests. For this purpose, a total of 39 advanced learners homogenized according to Oxford Placement Test took part in this study. Participants completed the IELTS listening tests and were asked to fill out the Bar-On emotional intelligence questionnaire. The obtained quantitative data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results indicated a non-significant correlation between the whole EI scores and listening performance of learners. There were, however, a significant relationship between problem solving and EI. The social responsibility component of EI was also found to have a significant relationship with listening. The findings are discussed with regard to the role of the IELTS test as a standardized test and the high level of learners. Implications and suggestions for further research are presented.
Learners' Problem in Phonetics with the Intelligibility at Segmental and Supra-segmental Level
Authors: Anwar Md Nurul
Published: April 2019

Bengali, though not much discussed, is one of the most resourceful Indo-Aryan languages. Its forty-nine letters allow its speakers utmost flexibility to diphthongize and to form wide ranges of consonant cluster in accordance with the demand of spelling and meaning. Remarkably enough, Bengali has more sounds than needed to facilitate any English sounds without making any distortions to them. But, in fact, there are very many pronunciation varieties people are used to pronouncing Bengali words: most sounds they may bring into their English often can be variably  attributed to their own regional dialects rather than the standard CholitaBhasha . However, apart from the local dialects, Cholita Bhasha speakers are likely to make distortions in the production of certain English sounds, but incontestably not in too many. This paper looks into the similarities and dissimilarities between English and Bengali at segmental and supra-segmental level and attempts to pinpoint the influences behind these distortions to rectify learners' errors init.
Indonesian Vocabulary Mastery of Early-aged Children in Paud Melati Makassar
Authors: Asia Asia , Tolla Achmad , Salam Salam
Published: April 2019

Early-aged children are individuals from 0 to 6 year old with unique characteristics and in the stage of growth and development, both physical and mental. Several aspects developed for their education include moral and religious values, social, emotional feelings, autonomy, language, cognitive, physical/motor skill, and art (Ramli, 2005, p.50). The development of these aspects affect each other, that is why it has to be optimally developed in every activity. One aspect of those basic skills should be developed in early-aged children is language. The objectives of this research are to describe (1) the quantity of Indonesian vocabularies in early-aged children; (2) certain Indonesian word classes in early-aged children; (3) certain scopes of Indonesian vocabularies in early-aged children; (4) Indonesian basic sentence pattern in early-aged children; (5) Indonesian basic sentence features considered by the form of integrative phrases; (6) Indonesian basic sentence features considered by the number of integrative phrases. The results of the research show that the vocabulary quantity of early-aged children varies due to external and internal factors. It triggers their inputs to vary from one to another. Word classes mastered by them include noun, verb, adjective, adverb, numeral, pronoun, and preposition. Based on the findings in the field, they have also mastered several vocabulary scopes, such as kinship, activity, place, number, color, universal objects, and animal types. In line with that, sentence patterns that have been mastered by them are FN-FV, FN1-FN2, FN-FA, FN-Num, and FN–FP.
Pre-service EFL Teachers’ Expectations, Needs, and Challenges in a Language Learning and Technology Course
Authors: Alhamami Munassir , Costello Hassan
Published: April 2019

This study contributes to and expands the existing body of knowledge on the subject by examining the needs, expectations, and challenged by pre-service English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in a language learning and technology (LL&T) course. This study was conducted in a Bachelor of Arts program at a Saudi university. Research results are based on a qualitative survey utilising open-ended questions. The purposes of the questionnaire were to explore instructor: Expectations, needs, experiences, preferred technology, challenges, and suggestions. The survey sample size was 79 pre-service EFL teachers, and the survey period spanned two consecutive semesters. The results of the research indicate that each of the foregoing are important factors in the quality of technology-based pre-service EFL teachers training courses. See supra. The study also suggests that several important issues might easily be overlooked in course syllabus development and material usage.
A Review of Negative Language Transfer Regarding the Errors in English Writing in Chinese Colleges
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu
Published: April 2019

It is generally recognized that English as a Second Language is popular with language learners in China. As a major section of language learning, English writing often takes on an important role in English language learning for Chinese students. Many learners would be easily impeded by their mother tongue, Chinese and would therefore make some mistakes from time to time when it comes to writing in English. This is a pervasive phenomenon in the field of Second Language Acquisition research. Based on the relevant theories of Language Transfer, Negative Language Transfer, and Error Analysis, in terms of global research, especially in China, the current review focuses on the errors caused by the negative language transfer, and chiefly tries to probe into the suggestions to avoid such negative transfer influences in English writing among Chinese learners.
INTEGRAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO MODELO DO CONHECIMENTO PEDAGÓGICO-TECNOLÓGICO DO CONTEÚDO
Authors: De Espíndola Marina Bazzo , Giannella Taís Rabetti
Published: April 2019

Este trabalho, de natureza teórica, tem como objetivo discutir o modelo do Conhecimento Pedagógico Tecnológico do Conteúdo (CPTC) no contexto do Ensino de Ciências. Para isso, buscamos aprofundar o entendimento sobre os componentes do modelo do CPTC a partir de contribuições de autores do campo do ensino de Ciências e do campo da Tecnologia Educacional, a fim de compreender os debates referentes à natureza do conteúdo das ciências, a pedagogia específica desta área e as relações entre ciência e tecnologia, bem como para discutir as visões de tecnologia, as potencialidades pedagógicas das TDIC e suas aplicações no ensino das Ciências. Reconhecendo que cada um desses componentes se refere a um campo de conhecimento inatingível em sua totalidade, esperamos com este artigo reforçar a complexidade do conhecimento, da prática e da formação docente no contexto de integração de TDIC.
ANÁLISE DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO PIBID E DO ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR NA IDENTIDADE DOCENTE DE LICENCIADOS DO CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DA FAEC/UECE
Authors: Oliveira Cintia Rafaella Fernandes , Sudério Fabrício Bonfim
Published: April 2019

O presente trabalho constituiu-se em uma pesquisa com licenciados da Faculdade de Educação de Crateús (FAEC), da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), cujo objetivo geral foi fazer um paralelo entre licenciados que vivenciaram experiências nas disciplinas de estágio e no PIBID e aqueles que tiveram vivência apenas nos estágios. A primeira etapa do trabalho consistiu em entrevistas, que foram transcritas e enviadas aos participantes via E-mail, os quais analisaram suas falas e editaram as suas opiniões no texto. Os entrevistados destacaram algumas falhas relacionadas ao estágio, dentre elas, a forma como o mesmo é desenvolvido e conduzido, além da pouca disponibilidade de carga horária na escola. Quanto ao PIBID, os entrevistados reconheceram que o período em que o bolsista de iniciação à docência participa de vivências na escola é bem superior ao período em que participa no estágio. A opinião dos colaboradores deixou evidente que o PIBID pode proporcionar uma formação diferenciada por meio da prática, preenchendo, de certa forma, algumas lacunas que ainda existem nos currículos dos cursos de licenciatura, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos estágios e à preparação dos estudantes para a prática docente.
Factors of Cataractogenesis in Laser Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Kornilosvskiy I. M.
Published: April 2019

Purpose: to consider the main factors that stimulate cataractogenesis and the earlier development of cataracts after laser refractive surgery of the cornea. Patients and methods. The clinical material covers observations of the condition in more than 10 thousand eyes from 1 year to 20 years, after various laser refractive corneal operations (PRK, TransPRK, LASIK, FemtoLASIK). Results. Risk factors for cataractogenesis included high initial ametropia, accommodation disturbance, age, and increased external UV exposure. Clinical observations have shown that with laser correction of high degrees of ametropia, the number of cataractogenesis risk factors and their total value increased. Any laser refractive corneal surgery was accompanied by oxidative stress in all structures of the anterior eye and aseptic inflammatory response. The cornea thinning after refractive surgery increased the external UV load on the lens and created the conditions for the accumulation in it of an excessive amount of peroxide radicals. This was one of the important factors predisposing to the earlier development of cataracts. Conclusion. For clinically significant early cataract development after laser refractive corneal surgery, a combination of several cataractogenic factors is needed, such as the degree of severity of oxidative stress in the anterior eye tissue in the early postoperative period, cornea thinning, high corrective ametropia, lack of accommodation, and the patient age over 40 years old.
Evaluation of the Results of Glaucoma Surgery Using Optical Coherent Tomography (Literature Review)
Authors: Khusnitdinov I. I.
Published: April 2019

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noncontact method that provides two-dimensional (three-dimensional for some models) highresolution images of the anterior eye segment, with an axial resolution in the range from 3 to 20 µm. Two OCT diagnostics platforms are available: time-domain and spectral OCT. OCT provides a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the most important structures involved in the glaucoma pathogenesis: the state of the optic nerve head, the thickness of the nerve fiber layer, the anterior chamber angle and the trabecular apparatus. The OCT advantage is the ability to visualize surgically formed outflow tracts in the early postoperative period after antiglaucoma surgery. The OCT studies of the antiglaucomatous surgery zone are presented in detail in the literature, namely, the assessment of such biometric parameters of filtering bleb (FB) as wall thickness and reflectivity, radial length and height. According to the literature, the presence of a multi-layer filtration cushion 6 months after the operation indicates a favorable prognosis for the duration of the hypotensive effect of the operation. Such signs as low reflectivity of the filtration cushion wall and the presence of episcleral fluid are in most cases associated with a successful outcome of trabeculectomy. OCT studies of a filtration cushion after trabeculectomy make it much easier to choose an area for revision and nidling. In addition, OCT is used to assess anatomical features in the field of surgical intervention with drains and drainage devices. Currently OCT is widely implemented at the prehospital stage, however, engineers did not stop at the achieved level and carried out the integration of spectral OCT with an operating microscope. The possibilities of intraoperative imaging with cataract phacoemulsification (FEC) and trabeculectomy, implantation of the Ahmed valve, reconstruction of the anterior chamber angle, revision of the filtration bag and nidlinge are described in the literature. Conclusion.OCT is a very valuable method of intravital imaging of the antiglaucoma operation zone. It allows assessing the level of retention of intraocular fluid, determining the functional activity, the location of drains and drainage devices both in the early and late postoperative period.
LMI-SI and Scharioth Additional Intraocular Lenses for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Review
Authors: Bikbov M. M. , Orenburkina O. I.
Published: April 2019

Currently, the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) includes: intravitreal injections (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, pegaptanib, etc.), photodynamic therapy, surgical treatment (subretinal surgery, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator + gas, macula translocation) and etc. Rehabilitation of these patients is carried out using special optical tools (glasses, magnifying lenses, loupes, electronic devices). Classic external devices for the correction of very poor eyesight are not convenient to use: they are often lost or forgotten at home, not adapted for constant wear, people are embarrassed to use them in public places. This review presents the characteristics and clinical results of the implantation of two intraocular lenses, the Lipschitz Macular Implant (LMI-SI) and the Scharioth Macula lenses, in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). These IOL can be implanted during standard phacoemulsification with the implantation of usual posterior chamber IOL or years after the cataract extraction, which makes them unique among other lenses that are implanted only during the cataract extraction procedure. The Lipschitz Macular Implant (Israel, 2013) is a rigid IOL made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), implanted in a capsular bag, it requires an incision up to 6 mm. A positive feature of the Scharioth Macula lens (1stQ GmbH, Germany, 2017) is the smallest incision needed for implantation — no more than 3 mm. This lens consists of a biocompatible hydrophilic acryl with a UV filter, the peripheral zone of the lens is optically neutral, the square design excludes its free rotation. Also, this lens can be used as therapy for progressive macular dystrophy of various etiologies. The additional macular IOLs do not affect peripheral vision, reduce binocularity when reading, and require complex visual rehabilitation.
Correlation of troponin-I level with left ventricular systolic dysfunction after first attack of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Khan Mahmood H. , Islam Mirza Md. Nazrul , Islam Md. Shafiqul , Khan Kaisar Nasrullah , Chowdhury Shamim , Rahman Reazur
Published: April 2019

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common category of the heart disease and is found to be the single most important cause that leads to premature death in the developed world. Recognizing a patient with ACS is important because the diagnosis triggers both triage and management. cTnI is 100% tissue-specific for the myocardium and it has shown itself as a very sensitive and specific marker for AMI. Ventricular function is the best predictor of death after an ACS. It serves as a marker of myocardial damage and provides information on systolic function as well as diagnosis and prognosis. The study aimed at investigating the impact of LVEF on elevated troponin-I level in patients with first attack of NSTEMI.Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the department of cardiology in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from December, 2015 to November, 2016. Total 130 first attack of NSTEMI patients were included considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample population was divided into two groups: Group-I: Patients with first attack of NSTEMI with LVEF: ≥55%. Group-II: Patients with first attack of NSTEMI with LVEF: <55%. Then LVEF and troponin-I levels were correlated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test.Results: In this study mean troponin-I of group-I and group-II were 5.53±7.43 and 16.46±15.79ng/ml respectively. It was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean LVEF value of groups were 65.31±10.30% and 40.17±4.62% respectively. It was statistically significant (p<0.05). The echocardiography showed that patients with high troponin-I level had low LVEF and patients with low troponin-I level had preserved LVEF. Analysis showed that patients with highest level of troponin-I had severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF <35%) and vice versa-the patients with the lowest levels of troponin-I had preserved systolic function (LVEF ≥55%). In our study, it also showed that the levels of troponin-I had negative correlation with LVEF levels with medium strength of association (r= -0.5394, p=0.001). Our study also discovered that Troponin-I level ≥6.6ng/ml is a very sensitive and specific marker for LV systolic dysfunction.Conclusions: The study has enabled the research team to conclude that the higher is the Troponin-I level the lower is the LVEF level and thus more severe is the LV systolic dysfunction in first attack of NSTEMI patients.
Incidence of neurosensory deficits following surgical removal of mandibular third molars: a prospective clinical study
Authors: M. I. Thaufiq Ahamed , Jayakumar Naveen , R. S. Neelakandan
Published: April 2019

Background: The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidences of inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve deficit following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars and to evaluate the risk factors responsible for these postoperative neurosensory deficits.Methods: A total of 80 patients who reported to department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India requiring surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar were included in this cross-sectional study. Standard surgical procedure was performed. All patients were reassessed one week post-surgery. Subjectively reported altered sensations were recorded and objective assessments were performed with light touch test, two-point discrimination threshold and pin-pick pain threshold. The collected data was analyzed using the chi square test to find out any clinical relevance.Results: There was no inferior alveolar nerve related neurosensory deficits and 6 (7.5%) resulted in lingual nerve related neurosensory deficits. The incidence of LN deficit for mesioangular, horizontal, distoangular was 1.3%, 3.8% and 2.5% respectively. Type of impaction assumed a mild statistical significance (p = 0.050).Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of careful preoperative clinical and radiographic assessment of patients where third molar surgery is planned. The surgical technique of third molar removal is also likely to have great impact on the outcome.
Assessment of endothelial dysfunction in young healthy first-degree relatives with family history of premature coronary artery disease using vascular doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Khandait Vinod , Atkar Chandrashekhar
Published: April 2019

Background: Endothelial dysfunction in young healthy first-degree relatives with family history of premature coronary artery disease was assessed in the present study using vascular doppler ultrasonography.Methods: Thirty young (10-40 years) first degree relatives of 17 patients with premature CAD without risk factors were selected for the study. Age and gender matched healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. Non- invasive assessment of endothelial dysfunction was done by vascular doppler study of brachial artery. Brachial artery diameter, velocity and blood flow were estimated in every study subject and control at rest, after stress and again at rest and after glyceryl-trinitrate (GTN) by vascular Doppler ultrasonography.Results: The percent rise in lumen diameter of brachial artery after stress i.e. reactive hyperaemia, labelled as percent rise in flow mediated dilatation (FMD), was significantly lower in family history group than in controls (8.42±3.47% vs 12.22±4.31%, p<0.05). The statistically significant difference in percent rise in FMD was observed to be consistent across different ages/genders (p<0.05). The mean percent rise in FMD among family history group with positive maternal history (8.06±3.65) was lower as compared to those with positive paternal history (8.57±3.12), but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05).Conclusions: Apparently healthy young subjects with family history of premature CAD have impaired endothelium dependent FMD in systemic circulation. Simple, non-invasive, cost-effective vascular doppler ultrasonography is recommended as a potential screening tool to detect subclinical atherosclerosis.
The odds that working women will accept cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination
Authors: Nwose Ezekiel Uba , Okwe Uchechukwuka Nnemdi , Chime Helen
Published: April 2019

Background: Factors influencing acceptance of cervical cancer services are being investigated, and widely reported to be quite low. However, there is dearth of research investigation on the odds of women’s acceptance of this gynaecological service. Objective of this study was to investigates the odds of unwilling to accept cervical cancer services.Methods: The study was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey and fourth piece in a series of analysis. Details of data collection are as previously described. Odds ratio was determined using online calculator; and based on proportion of respondents who have accepted the cervical cancer service, willing to complete an incomplete process and encourage others to take up the procedure.Results: The percentage of respondents who indicated no problem with HPV vaccination (55%) is higher than cervical screening (53%), but not statistically significantly different. On average, unwillingness to vaccinate later, complete their vaccinations or encourage their daughter are one-third of those who vaccinated. Those unwilling to take up cervical screening, encourage others to screen or overcome their fears are more than (161%) the subgroup who have been screened. Results show odds of unwillingness for both procedures are less than 1, but a little greater for cervical screening.Conclusions: It has been articulated that the likelihood to take up cervical cancer services will be influenced by the beliefs. This report advances that observed low acceptance level does not translate to high likelihood of unwillingness to accept the gynaecological services. Belief and nature of work of women need to be concertedly investigated.
Sequential C-reactive protein: a cheap and a valuable biomarker in patients with sepsis
Authors: Dhakad Vinod , Trikha Sushma , Singh Neelima , Kansal Archana
Published: April 2019

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a valuable biomarker of sepsis. Levels of CRP increase very rapidly in response to infection, and decrease just as rapidly with the resolution of the condition. The aim of the research was to study, C-reactive protein levels in patients of sepsis and to study the pattern of CRP levels in patients of Sepsis with hypertension, diabetes, smokers and alcoholics.Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted from December 2016 to September 2018 in 100 cases of sepsis. Patients presenting in emergency with sepsis were included as subjects. C- reactive protein was measured in every patient at the time of admission and after 72 hours.  Facts related to history, clinical examination and biochemical parameters were recorded in a pretyped proforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Males outnumbered females. Most of the patients40(40%)  were in the age group of  less than 30 years  age group. CRP levels were markedly elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus (92.2±102.63) as compared to patients with hypertension (36.66±26.97) or both (24.20±12.87). CRP levels were higher in alcoholics (60.59±44.20) as compared to smokers (13.37±10.96).  CRP levels decreased significantly after 72 hours compared to CRP levels at the time of admission (p <0.001) across all patients suggestive of acute infection.Conclusions: Serial CRP measurement, rather than a single determination at the time of admission, is cheap and valuable in the diagnosis of sepsis and in monitoring the response to therapy.  CRP levels shows exaggerated response in diabetes mellitus and alcoholics with sepsis in this study.
Transfusion related acute lung injury-TRALI: a review
Authors: Alcazar-Castro Javier , Zarate-Aspiros Alejandro , Andrade-Cuellar Elias , Alvarez-Perez Brenda , Valderrama-Treviño Alan I. , Granados-Romero Juan J. , Banegas-Ruiz Rodrigo , Barrera-Mera Baltazar , Alvarado-Rodriguez Cristopher , Uriarte-Ruiz Karen
Published: April 2019

Acute pulmonary damage caused by transfusion is characterized by the sudden onset of respiratory distress in newly transfused patients within 6 hours after the transfusion, bilateral infiltrative changes in chest X-ray, PaO2/FIO2 <300 mmHg, absence of other risk factors for acute lung injury and absence of signs suggesting cardiogenic origin of pulmonary edema. Being one of the most serious complications of blood transfusion, plasma is the most involved factor, although all blood components can cause it, and is caused by antigen reactions/leukocyte antibody and lipid activity with ability to modify the biological response on primitive leukocytes. The diagnosis is based on the integration of clinical, radiological and gasometric elements, ruling out the rest of the possible causes of acute lung injury. Its differential diagnosis should include hemodynamic overload, anaphylactic reaction, bacterial contamination of transfused blood products and transfusion hemolytic reaction. The treatment is supportive measures based on the needs and does not differ from the treatment of acute lung injury secondary to other etiologies, severe cases require endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation while the non-severe can be managed with oxygen therapy.
Evaluation of facial skeleton fractures
Authors: Gangadhara K. S. , Sannappa Ramesh , Thimmappa T. D. , B. G. Chaithra
Published: April 2019

Background: Fracture of facial bone is most common fracture in humans because of its upper and prominent position. Facial skeleton fractures are classified in to various types, nasal bone fractures, maxillary fractures. It affects all age groups and both sexes. The cause to the injury is due to RTA, assault, accidental fall etc. Majority of the times it is associated with the other fractures. Facial skeleton fractures should not be considered as minor injury. They may preclude to serious complications like septal haematoma, orbital injury, brain injury and CSF leak. Majority of them require conservative management. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and types of facial skeleton fractures in trauma cases for appropriate investigation and treatment for better outcome and to reduce morbidity.

Methods: Prospective clinical study of patients who attend to casualty and ENT department and referred by other departments with facial skeleton fractures are evaluated for the period of 6 months.  

Results: Of 100 patients, 90% were male and 10% female. According to age 1-9 yr: 3%, 10-19 yr: 12%, 30-39 yr: 19%, 40-49 yr: 20%, 50-59 yr: 10%, 60-69 yr: 5% were noted. The most common cause was the road traffic accident (58%) followed by self fall (38%).The most common fracture involved is the nasal bone ( 54%) in isolation, followed by maxilla (23%) and mandible (12%).

Conclusions: The patients were mostly males in third decade of life, victims of the RTA being the most commonly affected. The most commonly fractured bone being nose.
Correlation of fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological examination in thyroid swellings: a prospective study
Authors: S. Shenbagavalli , R. Muthukumar
Published: April 2019

Background: Thyroid swellings are not an uncommon condition. Physical examination, laboratory investigation, thyroid imaging, and cytology can be used to evaluate thyroid swellings. After a physical examination, ultrasonography and thyroid function tests, fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology should be implemented. Although FNA cytology is a common method to evaluate the nodule, false negative and false positive results are not rare. Hence histopathology examination is confirmatory. Information gathered from history, physical examination, ultrasound and intraoperative appearance of thyroid swelling dictate further management. The purpose of the study is to correlate preoperative FNAC and postoperative histopathology in thyroid swellings.

Methods: This study of 52 in-patients with thyroid lesions was treated at UIORL-RGGGH MMC Chennai. FNAC and USG were used as preoperative tools for determining the procedure to be performed and was followed by HPE postoperatively for further management.  

Results: Diagnostic categorization of 52 thyroid swellings were based on FNAC and histopathology. According to FNAC, 88.46% swellings were benign lesions and 11.54% were a malignancy. According to HPE, 82.69% were benign lesions and 17.31% were a malignancy. In our study, the collection of thyroid cases emphasizes the false negativity of FNAC. Cases suspicious of malignancy were decided based on intraoperative changes and were given a note of caution to the pathologists for a meticulous evaluation of slides.

Conclusions: FNAC is a simple, safe and cost-effective modality of investigation for thyroid disease but in cases of false negativity histopathology is confirmatory. The false positive results were found to be nil however there is a low percentage of false negative results which has to be confirmed by HPE.
A retrospective review of complicated foreign bodies of upper aerodigestive tract
Authors: Mahajan Ritesh , V. Prashanth
Published: April 2019

Background: Inhalation/aspiration of foreign bodies (FB) into upper aerodigestive tract are very commonly encountered by otorhinolaryngologists. Most foreign bodies in adults are manageable, but sometimes can lead to fatal consequences in children. However, despite significant advances in instrumentation, they remain a therapeutic and diagnostic challenge. The aim was to study the clinical presentation, site of impaction, complications and management of foreign bodies in upper aerodigestive tract.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in department of ENT-Head and Neck Surgery, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore. A total of 50 eligible patients were reviewed who got operated for foreign body in upper aerodigestive tract under general anaesthesia.  

Results: History of foreign body was present in 86% of cases and 25% of the patients had complaints of difficulty in breathing. Nose being most common site in 74%, 70% of the patient belongs to 0-10 age group and male: female ratio was 1.7:1. Complications were seen in 12% of patients. Foreign body removal rate was 100%.

Conclusions: Early diagnosis is the key to successful and uncomplicated management of FB in upper aerodigestive tract. An orderly and systematic approach along with proper history and clinical examination is keystone in diagnosis and early management.