bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Saphenous Vein Graft Intervention With and Without Embolic Protection Device
Authors: Paul Timir K. , Bhatheja Samit , Panchal Hemang B. , Zheng Shimin , Banerjee Subhash , Rao Sunil V. , Guzman Luis , Beohar Nirat , Zhao David , Mehran Roxana , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: December 2017

Background—

Current guidelines give a class I recommendation to use of embolic protection devices (EPD) for saphenous vein graft (SVG) intervention; however, studies have shown conflicting results. The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction (MI), or target vessel revascularization in SVG intervention with and without EPD.

Methods and Results—

Literature was searched through October 2016. Eight studies (n=52 893) comparing SVG intervention performed with EPD (n=11 506) and without EPD (n=41 387) were included. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; confidence interval [CI], 0.55–1.12;
P
=0.19), major adverse cardiovascular events (OR, 0.73, CI, 0.51–1.05;
P
=0.09), target vessel revascularization (OR, 1.0; CI, 0.95–1.05;
P
=0.94), periprocedural MI (OR, 1.12; CI, 0.65–1.90,
P
=0.69), and late MI (OR, 0.80; CI, 0.52–1.23;
P
=0.30) between the 2 groups. Sensitivity analysis excluding CathPCI Registry study showed no difference in periprocedural MI, late MI, and target vessel revascularization; however, it favored EPD use in all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events. Further sensitivity analysis including only observational studies revealed no difference in all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, target vessel revascularization, and late MI. Additional analysis after excluding CathPCI Registry study revealed no difference in outcomes.

Conclusions—

This study including 52 893 patients suggests no apparent benefit in routine use of EPD during SVG intervention in the contemporary real-world practice. Further randomized clinical trials are needed in current era to evaluate long-term outcomes in routine use of EPD, and meanwhile, current guideline recommendations on EPD use should be revisited.
High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration and Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Smith Loren E. , Smith Derek K. , Blume Jeffrey D. , Linton MacRae F. , Billings Frederic T.
Published: December 2017

Background

Acute kidney injury (
AKI
) after cardiac surgery is associated with increased short‐ and long‐term mortality. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction and damage play important roles in the development of
AKI
. High‐density lipoproteins (
HDLs
) have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties and improve endothelial function and repair. Statins enhance
HDL
's anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant capacities. We hypothesized that a higher preoperative
HDL
cholesterol concentration is associated with decreased
AKI
after cardiac surgery and that perioperative statin exposure potentiates this association.

Methods and Results

We tested our hypothesis in 391 subjects from a randomized clinical trial of perioperative atorvastatin to reduce
AKI
after cardiac surgery. A 2‐component latent variable mixture model was used to assess the association between preoperative
HDL
cholesterol concentration and postoperative change in serum creatinine, adjusted for known
AKI
risk factors and suspected confounders. Interaction terms were used to examine the effects of preoperative statin use, preoperative statin dose, and perioperative atorvastatin treatment on the association between preoperative
HDL
and
AKI
. A higher preoperative
HDL
cholesterol concentration was independently associated with a decreased postoperative serum creatinine change (
P
=0.02). The association between a high
HDL
concentration and an attenuated increase in serum creatinine was strongest in long‐term statin‐using patients (
P
=0.008) and was further enhanced with perioperative atorvastatin treatment (
P
=0.004) and increasing long‐term statin dose (
P
=0.003).

Conclusions

A higher preoperative
HDL
cholesterol concentration was associated with decreased
AKI
after cardiac surgery. Preoperative and perioperative statin treatment enhanced this association, demonstrating that pharmacological potentiation is possible during the perioperative period.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier:
NCT
00791648.
‘Of course you like to fight’: Frames for storytelling in a liberal anger management programme
Authors: Andersen Ditte , Sandberg Sveinung
Published: December 2017

Previous research has critiqued conventional anger management programmes for disregarding participants’ values honouring masculine performances of being tough, risk-seeking and capable of violence. Conversely, the Danish programme subjected to case study in this paper, represents a liberal approach that endorses such values while still encouraging participants to reform their behaviour. We investigate this approach as a frame for participants’ storytelling, that is, narrative presentations of past, present and future selves. Detailed narrative analysis demonstrates the counsellor’s conveyance of a non-judgmental attitude, which indicates expectations that participants value practices such as fighting and using illegal drugs. We explain how the approach emerges as a gendered and classed frame which some participants may not align with, specifying how a participant who is unable or unwilling to adopt expectations may struggle to present as properly masculine. The study demonstrates that therapy which seeks to accommodate particular forms of masculinities may unintentionally marginalise some participants.
Dismantling Knowledge Boundaries at NASA: The Critical Role of Professional Identity in Open Innovation
Authors: Lifshitz-Assaf Hila
Published: December 2017

Using a longitudinal in-depth field study at NASA, I investigate how the open, or peer-production, innovation model affects R&D professionals, their work, and the locus of innovation. R&D professionals are known for keeping their knowledge work within clearly defined boundaries, protecting it from individuals outside those boundaries, and rejecting meritorious innovation that is created outside disciplinary boundaries. The open innovation model challenges these boundaries and opens the knowledge work to be conducted by anyone who chooses to contribute. At NASA, the open model led to a scientific breakthrough at unprecedented speed using unusually limited resources; yet it challenged not only the knowledge-work boundaries but also the professional identity of the R&D professionals. This led to divergent reactions from R&D professionals, as adopting the open model required them to go through a multifaceted transformation. Only R&D professionals who underwent identity refocusing work dismantled their boundaries, truly adopting the knowledge from outside and sharing their internal knowledge. Others who did not go through that identity work failed to incorporate the solutions the open model produced. Adopting open innovation without a change in R&D professionals’ identity resulted in no real change in the R&D process. This paper reveals how such processes unfold and illustrates the critical role of professional identity work in changing knowledge-work boundaries and shifting the locus of innovation.
Assessing Infant Carriage Systems: Ground Reaction Force Implications for Gait of the Caregiver
Authors: Brown Mathew B. , Digby-Bowl Caroline J. , Todd Samuel D.
Published: December 2017

Objective

To assess the acute alterations of anterior infant carriage systems on the ground reaction force experienced during over-ground walking.

Background

Previous research has identified the alterations in posture and gait associated with an increased anterior load (external or internal); however, the forces applied to the system due to the altered posture during over-ground walking have not been established.

Method

Thirteen mixed gender participants completed 45 over-ground walking trials at a self-selected pace under three loaded conditions (unloaded, semi-structured carrier 9.9 kg, and structured carrier 9.9 kg). Each trial consisted of a 15-m walkway, centered around a piezoelectric force platform sampling at 1,200 Hz. Differences were assessed between loaded and unloaded conditions and across carriers using paired samples t tests and repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

Additional load increased all ground reaction force parameters; however, the magnitude of force changes was influenced by carrier structure. The structured carrier displayed increased force magnitudes, a reduction in the time to vertical maximum heel contact, and an increased duration of the flat foot phase in walking gait.

Conclusion

Evidence suggests that the acute application of anterior infant carriers alters both kinetic and temporal measures of walking gait. Importantly, these changes appear to be governed not solely by the additional mass but also by the structure of the carrier.

Application

These findings indicate carrier structure should be considered by the wearer and may be used to inform policy in the recommendation of anterior infant carriage systems use by caregivers.
Older Adult Multitasking Performance Using a Gaze-Contingent Useful Field of View
Authors: Ward Nathan , Gaspar John G. , Neider Mark B. , Crowell James , Carbonari Ronald , Kaczmarski Hank , Ringer Ryan V. , Johnson Aaron P. , Loschky Lester C. , Kramer Arthur F.
Published: December 2017

Objective

We implemented a gaze-contingent useful field of view paradigm to examine older adult multitasking performance in a simulated driving environment.

Background

Multitasking refers to the ability to manage multiple simultaneous streams of information. Recent work suggests that multitasking declines with age, yet the mechanisms supporting these declines are still debated. One possible framework to better understand this phenomenon is the useful field of view, or the area in the visual field where information can be attended and processed. In particular, the useful field of view allows for the discrimination of two competing theories of real-time multitasking, a general interference account and a tunneling account.

Methods

Twenty-five older adult subjects completed a useful field of view task that involved discriminating the orientation of lines in gaze-contingent Gabor patches appearing at varying eccentricities (based on distance from the fovea) as they operated a vehicle in a driving simulator. In half of the driving scenarios, subjects also completed an auditory two-back task to manipulate cognitive workload, and during some trials, wind was introduced as a means to alter general driving difficulty.

Results

Consistent with prior work, indices of driving performance were sensitive to both wind and workload. Interestingly, we also observed a decline in Gabor patch discrimination accuracy under high cognitive workload regardless of eccentricity, which provides support for a general interference account of multitasking.

Conclusion

The results showed that our gaze-contingent useful field of view paradigm was able to successfully examine older adult multitasking performance in a simulated driving environment.

Application

This study represents the first attempt to successfully measure dynamic changes in the useful field of view for older adults completing a multitasking scenario involving driving.
A National Police Service: Any Day Now?
Authors: Donnelly Daniel , Scott Kenneth B. , Wilkie Roy
Published: December 2017

Policing in the UK is moving towards more central control than ever before in its history, at the expense of a strong tripartite system, which seems to exist in name only. The evolving national network in England and Wales has a statutory foundation, while Scotland has adopted a mainly nonstatutory approach to central control, although this should change with new legislation in 2003.

The potential for further centralisation in Scotland remains high because of the nation's size and new devolved constitutional position. The key question for all concerned in the UK, and particularly in Scotland, is what system of policing do we wish to have: a national service; a regional system; or the status quo? The answer can be found only after open public debate takes place.
Legitimacy and Public-Sector Quality: How Citizens Judge the Quality of the Police
Authors: De Vries M.S.
Published: December 2017

The legitimacy of the Dutch police is under strain. On the one hand, citizens claim that safety has become one of the most important problems in the Netherlands whilst, on the other hand, they criticise government in general and the police in particular for being unable to realise a safe society.

During the previous decade, several initiatives were developed in order to relegitimise the actions of the police by improving police performance. Community policing was introduced in order to increase both the effectiveness and availability of the police.

This article theoretically and empirically explores the criteria citizens use to judge the police. This article illustrates the discrepancy between the wishes and demands of citizens and the way in which public-sector organizations, such as the police, try to satisfy citizens.
A Model of Costs and Benefits of Training in the Police Service of Northern Ireland
Authors: Meaklim Tim
Published: December 2017

This article is concerned with research carried out in the Police Service of Northern Ireland to develop a model of costs and benefits of training. It provides a blueprint for use by those who practise planning, decision making and management every day in the police organisation in order that they can solve the most crucial problem in training: how to decide on good quality and relevant training interventions within limited resources. The model has three systems: an Awareness System that sets out the culture and understanding of the organisation; the Operational System which includes identification of the needs, achieving the training outputs, delivering quality products, evaluating the products to test its value and worth and costing all of these issues under a standard costing process; and the third system is the Monitor and Control System which maintains the overall system.
Motoring
Authors: Gott J. A. H.
Published: December 2017

Our Motoring Correspondent writes about the Monte Carlo Rally (in which a Metropolitan Police team competed), comments on a new type of Driving School and gives his impression of the latest in a long line of police cars, the Wolseley 6/99.
The Universities and the Police Service
Authors: Price P. C. J.
Published: December 2017

The Queen's Police Gold Medal Essay Competition, 1959, was on this subject: “How can the opportunities of higher education, now universally offered, be related to recruitment to The Police Service, and to training and education within it?” Here is the winning Essay.
Motoring
Authors: Gott John
Published: December 2017

Our Motoring Correspondent discusses an important factor in road accidents and gives some more information about the safety harnesses which are now being so widely fitted.
The Motorist from Abroad
Authors: Stanley C. R.
Published: December 2017

Increasing numbers of motor vehicles from abroad, with their attendant problems, are travelling on our roads today. The advent of the European Common Market, which now affects the use of commercial motor vehicles here, makes it necessary that every police officer should have some knowledge of the legal position in this respect.

It is part of the function of THE POLICE JOURNAL to publish useful information which is not available elsewhere and our readers will be grateful for the research made by the author of this article.
The Promotion Exams
Authors: Devlin J. Daniel
Published: December 2017

The second of a series of 12 articles of interest to examination candidates and to everyone concerned in police training
The International Police Rally
Authors: Gott John
Published: December 2017

In the 10th International Police Rally, the British contingent scored the greatest success achieved by British policemen in any field of international police sport for many years. All 16 cars entered duly finished, not only winning the rally outright, but also the Inter-Nation and Marque Team prizes, and four classes. Mr. Gott who, with Sergeant D. Nicholson, D.F.C., formed the only crew to finish without penalty, here tells of the preparation, planning, comradeship and endeavour which produced these magnificent results.
A Bursary Tour of America
Authors: Arthur R. J. E. , Hood J. A.
Published: December 2017

Sergeants Arthur and Hood were selected to make a three-week study tour of the U.S.A., sponsored by the Ford (Dagenham) Trust, on conclusion of the first Accelerated Promotion Course at the Scottish Police College last year. This concludes the article begun in last month's issue.
“A Key Experience”
Authors: Field John
Published: December 2017

Sergeant Field's article was awarded the Second Prize in our “Key Experience” Competition.
Development of Latent Finger Print Impressions on Skin
Authors: Forrest R.
Published: December 2017

Mr. Forrest is in charge of his Force's Fingerprint Department, which conducted the experiments analysed below.
Coincidence
Authors: Gordon F. A.
Published: December 2017

Mr. Gordon's breezy story of under-cover duty in vice areas confirms what every police officer knows about truth being stranger than fiction
Outward Bound
Authors: Turner J. R.
Published: December 2017

Constable Turner was seconded from his force to assist as an Outward Bound instructor. Prior to joining the Service in December 1963, he accompanied Sir John Hunt on an expedition to Greece.
The Murder of Linda Peacock: A Triumph for Forensic Odontology
Authors: Muncie William
Published: December 2017

Mr. Muncie was in charge of the inquiry into the following murder, which is surely unique in British criminal annals, for a warrant to take measurements and examine a person was granted before his arrest and his being charged. It is thought also that this is the first time that a conviction for murder has been so completely dependent on dental evidence.
The Heart and Art of a Detective Officer: III
Authors: Lockley Thomas
Published: December 2017

Mr. Lockley writes about teamwork, about the basic interdependence of police work, in this third instalment of his memoirs.
The Police and Government
Authors: Welsh Laurence
Published: December 2017

We have invited Mr. Laurence Welsh, a former administrative officer with the London County Council, and a former secretary of its Staff Association, who writes for several local government papers, to contribute a monthly feature on police topics in central and local governmental circles.
Traffic Control and Management
Authors: Cutts J. C.
Published: December 2017

We are indebted to the Editor of “Highways and Public Works” for permission to reproduce Mr. Cutts's article for the benefit of police readers.
Communication Chord
Authors: Elmes Frank
Published: December 2017

Communication, said Anthony Wedgwood Benn on “Any Questions” is not just reading, writing and speech. It involves a relationship. No doubt. Dictionaries provide for both meanings.
Disasters and Major Incidents
Authors: Fisher Brian E.
Published: December 2017

In the first of a series of three articles, The Emergency Planning Officer for the City of London. Police discusses the need for contingency planning
Expected Length of Service in the Danish State Police Compared with a Representative Group of English Forces
Authors: Leeson G. W.
Published: December 2017

The following is a revised, non-technical version of a paper produced by the author at the Demography Department of the University's Statistic Institute, entitled ‘A Multiple Incre-Decrement Model for a Hierarchically Graded Manpower System’. In its theoretical sense, this paper applies to any manpower system within which the employees are ranked according to seniority, and where wastage rates and promotion/demotion rates are assumed to be dependent on length of service. To test the consistency of the model, and as part of a larger study, it was applied to data from the above mentioned Police Forces from the period 1968–72, and it is these results which are presented here.
A Comparison of the History of the Entry of Women into Policing in France and England and Wales
Authors: Dene Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

France and England have, through the course of history, shared in many historical events, sometimes as the opposing countries on the battlefield and at other times united through conflict, research and discovery. The two countries have, since the late 19th and early 20th century, seen dramatic changes in the role and status of women within their societies, this being especially so with regard to the employment of women. No longer content with their dual roles as wife and mother, they have increasingly looked outside the home and family for a new challenge, and have increasingly turned to those areas of employment which have been seen as male preserves, including the armed forces, medicine and the police service. This paper seeks to trace the record of women's fight to enter the police forces of England and Wales and the non-military police forces of France.
Convictions for Police Murder in Britain (1900–1965)
Authors: Spicer Matthew
Published: December 2017

Since 1970 the Police Federation has supported the reintroduction of capital punishment for the murder of a police officer, despite there being no realistic possibility of its return, even during periods when there has been large Tory majorities in Parliament.1
Document-Making Analysis as Expert Evidence
Authors: Haward L.R.C.
Published: December 2017

While the text in documents or their authorship is frequently disputed in court, it is rare for the actual writing behaviour to be examined as one of the facts in issue. Because the method of analysis has implications for other police investigations, a recent case requiring psychological analysis of the writing process on which expert evidence for the police was based is briefly reported.
Institutional Racism and the Police Service
Authors: Oakley Robin
Published: December 2017

The following was submitted to the “Inquiry into the Matters Arising from the Death of Stephen Lawrence” (the ‘Macpherson Inquiry’). The Inquiry, which was established by the Home Secretary, began holding public hearings in London in March 1998. The first and main section was submitted in April 1998, and raised questions about the conception of ‘racism’ that would be most appropriate to the Inquiry's work. The second supplementary paper was written in September 1998 for a meeting with senior police managers, and aimed to provide further clarification of the concept of “institutional racism”, particularly as it applied to the police service in the context of police-minority relations. It was submitted to the Macpherson Inquiry subsequently. Both parts were stated to have assisted the Inquiry in developing its understanding of racism, and are quoted from extensively in chapter 6 of the Report.
Transnational mobility, strong states and contested sovereignty: Learning from the China–Taiwan context
Authors: Momesso Lara , Lee Chun-Yi
Published: December 2017

Mobility across the Taiwan Strait has intensified since the border was opened in 1987. The cross-border social, cultural and economic exchanges, however, have remained closely embedded in the nationalistic logic specific to cross-Strait relations. Employing a state-centered approach and building on a comparative analysis of the interaction between Beijing and two groups of cross-Strait migrants (mainland spouses in Taiwan, and Taiwanese investors in China), this paper examines the various ways in which a state may still exert influence over migrant communities in a context of increased mobility and exchanges. This paper argues that the nation-state may still shape migrants’ experiences, particularly when sending and receiving governments have unresolved disputes. Under these conditions, state actors may use migrant communities to achieve their nationalistic goals.
Risk Factor Knowledge, Perceived Threat, and Protective Health Behaviors: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Control in Rural Communities
Authors: Paige Samantha R. , Bonnar Kelly K. , Black David R. , Coster Daniel C.
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore how perceived threat of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is shaped by risk factor knowledge and promotes the engagement of protective health behaviors among rural adults.

Methods

Participants (N = 252) completed a cross-sectional mixed-mode survey. Chi-squared analyses were computed to examine differences in perceived threat by demographic factors and knowledge of T2D risk factors. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between T2D perceived threat and engagement in physical activity and health screenings.

Results

Perceived threat and knowledge of T2D risk factors were high. Perceived susceptibility was significantly higher among women, whites, and respondents with high body mass index (BMI). Respondents reporting physical activity most/almost every day had low perceived susceptibility to T2D. Perceived severity was significantly higher among respondents with high BMI. Blood cholesterol and glucose screenings were associated with greater T2D perceived susceptibility and severity. Higher BMI was associated with receiving a blood glucose screening.

Conclusion

Health education specialists and researchers should further explore the implications of using audience segmented fear appeal messages to promote T2D control through protective health behaviors.
Development of the Family Stigma Stress Scale (FSSS) for Detecting Stigma Stress in Caregivers of People With Mental Illness
Authors: Chang Chih-Cheng , Su Jian-An , Chang Kun-Chia , Lin Chung-Ying , Koschorke Mirja , Rüsch Nicolas , Thornicroft Graham
Published: December 2017

People with mental illness and their family caregivers often perceive public stigma, which may lead to stigma-related stress (or stigma stress). However, no instruments have been developed to measure this stress for family caregivers of people with mental illness. We modified an instrument that measures the stigma stress of people with mental illness (i.e., the cognitive appraisal of stigma as a stressor) and examined the psychometric properties of the scores of the newly developed instrument: the Family Stigma Stress Scale (FSSS). Primary family caregivers of people with mental illness in Southern Taiwan ( n = 300; mean age = 53.08 ± 13.80; 136 males) completed the FSSS. An exploratory factor analysis showed that the FSSS score had two factors; both factor scores had excellent internal consistency (α = .913 and .814) and adequate test–retest reliability ( r = .627 and .533; n = 197). Significant correlations between FSSS factor scores and other instruments supported its concurrent validity and the ability of the FSSS to differentiate between clinical characteristics, for example, having been previously hospitalized or not. The FSSS is a brief and effective measure of the stigma stress of family caregivers of people with mental illness.
Byproductive labor
Authors: Whitney Shiloh
Published: December 2017

My aim in this paper is to introduce a theory of affective labor as byproductive, a concept I develop through analysis of the phenomenology of various affective labor practices in dialog with feminist scholarship, both on gendered and racialized labor, and on affect and emotion. I motivate my theory in the context of literature on affective and emotional labor in philosophy and the social sciences, engaging the post-Marxist literature on affective and immaterial labor and emphasizing feminist critiques. I argue that affective labor is not only the work of producing affects for others to consume or the reproductive work that rejuvenates and sustains labor power and social life, but also the work of metabolizing waste affects and affective byproducts. Thus, byproductive labor is a neologism I develop to bring into view an affective economy and indeed a political economy of affects to the side of the distinction between productive and reproductive labor in its paid and unpaid variants. I make three central claims: (1) affective labor invariably creates byproducts in the embodied subjectivity of the worker; (2) the unique kind of affective expenditure I call “byproductive” (metabolizing affective surplus, containing affective waste, and producing depleted affective agency) is a defining feature of affective labor not circumscribed by the productive–reproductive distinction; and (3) the marginalized forms of subjectivity and depleted agency constituted through the intersections of this labor with hierarchies of gender, race, and migrant status or global class are themselves byproducts of affective labor. Thus, theorizing affective labor as byproductive captures the uniqueness of affective labor and the forms of exploitation unique to it, but also explains the interaction of affective labor with forms of power that operate through subjection and marginalization.
Second language structural priming: A critical review and directions for future research
Authors: Jackson Carrie N.
Published: December 2017

The last 15 years has seen a tremendous growth in research on structural priming among second language (L2) speakers. Structural priming is the phenomenon whereby speakers are more likely to repeat a structure they have recently heard or produced. Research on L2 structural priming speaks to key issues regarding the underlying linguistic and cognitive mechanisms that support L2 acquisition and use, and the extent to which lexical and grammatical information are shared across an L2 speaker’s languages. As the number of researchers investigating L2 priming and its implications for L2 learning continues to grow, it is important to assess the current state of research in this area and establish directions for continued inquiry. The goal of the current review is to provide an overview of recent research on within-language L2 structural priming, with an eye towards the open questions that remain.
Putin’s Pastorate
Authors: Gaufman Elizaveta
Published: December 2017

In this article, I argue that Foucauldian concept of pastorate is an appropriate tool to analyze power relations in authoritarian contexts, as it takes into consideration different ways authoritarian system manifests itself. Following Carrette, this article proposed translation of pastorate through four indicators: (1) references to transborder sovereignty, (2) securitization discourse, (3) direct involvement, and (4) sexualization of the figure of the pastor. Most importantly for International Relations (IR), pastorate has dramatic implications for a state’s foreign policy. At the same time, the concept of pastorate shows how post-structuralism is embedded with a range of relevant themes in international studies that pertain to security, gender, and overlap of domestic and foreign policy.
Effects of group-based educational songwriting on craving in patients on a detoxification unit: A cluster-randomized effectiveness study
Authors: Silverman Michael J.
Published: December 2017

Psychosocial methods for reducing craving are essential for people with substance use disorders. Although songwriting is a commonly-used music therapy intervention for people with addictions, there is no randomized controlled music therapy study systematically investigating how songwriting impacts craving in patients on a detoxification unit. The purpose of this cluster-randomized effectiveness study was to measure the effects of a single group-based educational songwriting intervention on craving with patients on a detoxification unit. To provide treatment to all participants in an inclusive single-session design, participants ( N = 129) were cluster-randomized to one of three conditions: educational songwriting targeting relapse prevention and recovery, recreational music therapy targeting social and affective gains, or wait-list control. There was a significant difference ( p = .033) in the craving subscale of expectancy between the educational songwriting and control conditions. Although no other difference reached significance, participants in the songwriting condition tended to have lower subscale and total craving mean scores than participants in the control and recreational music therapy conditions. Group-based educational songwriting interventions may temporarily relieve craving by distracting patients in an engaging, motivating, and creative intervention. Implications for clinical practice, suggestions for future research, and limitations are provided.
Sexualizing Media Use and Self-Objectification
Authors: Karsay Kathrin , Knoll Johannes , Matthes Jörg
Published: December 2017

Objectification theorists suggest that exposure to sexualizing media increases self-objectification among individuals. Correlational and experimental research examining this relation has received growing attention. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the influence of sexualizing media use on self-objectification among women and men. For this purpose, we analyzed 54 papers yielding 50 independent studies and 261 effect sizes. The data revealed a positive, moderate effect of sexualizing media on self-objectification ( r = .19). The effect was significant and robust, 95% CI [.15, .23], p < .0001. We identified a conditional effect of media type, suggesting that the use of video games and/or online media led to stronger self-objectification effects when compared to television use. Other sample characteristics or study characteristics did not moderate the overall effect. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of sexualizing media exposure on women’s and men’s objectified self-concept. We discuss future research directions and implications for practice. We hope that the article will stimulate researchers in their future work to address the research gaps outlined here. Moreover, we hope that the findings will encourage practitioners and parents to reflect on the role of the use of sexualizing media in the development of individuals’ self-objectification. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl10.1177/0361684317743019
Converting Garages into Housing
Authors: Brown Anne , Mukhija Vinit , Shoup Donald
Published: December 2017

Cities have a large supply of garages that could be converted into affordable housing in single-family neighborhoods, but minimum parking requirements prevent converting most of these garages into apartments. We examine how cities can relax off-street parking requirements for houses with converted garages. In Residential Parking Permit Districts, cities can limit the number of on-street parking permits allowed at any address with a second unit. This policy can remove on-street parking congestion as a reason for neighbors to oppose garage conversions, double the potential number of housing units in single-family neighborhoods, and increase the supply of safe, affordable housing.
Improvement of Self-Injury With Dopamine and Serotonin Replacement Therapy in a Patient With a Hemizygous PAK3 Mutation: A New Therapeutic Strategy for Neuropsychiatric Features of an Intellectual Disability Syndrome
Authors: Horvath Gabriella A. , Tarailo-Graovac Maja , Bartel Tanja , Race Simone , Van Allen Margot I. , Blydt-Hansen Ingrid , Ross Colin J. , Wasserman Wyeth W. , Connolly Mary B. , van Karnebeek Clara D. M.
Published: December 2017

PAK3-related intellectual disability is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the p21-activated kinase (PAK) protein. It is characterized by mild to moderate cognitive impairment, micro/normocephaly, and a neurobehavioral phenotype characterized by short attention span, anxiety, restlessness, aggression, and self-abusive behaviors. The authors report a patient with a novel PAK3 mutation, who presented with intellectual disability, severe automutilation, and epilepsy. His magnetic resonance imaging changes were most likely secondary to lacerations from parenchymal contusions. His behavior was difficult to manage with behavior interventions or multiple medications. After finding low levels of dopamine and borderline low serotonin metabolites in the spinal fluid, treatment with low dose L-dopa/carbidopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan significantly improved his self-injurious behavior. This is the first case of PAK3-related intellectual disability presenting with severe self-injury with improvement following treatment. The patient’s response to neurotransmitter replacement therapy raises the question if this treatment intervention might help other individuals suffering genetic syndromes and self-injurious behaviors.
Taipei Gay “Bear” Culture as a Sexual Field, or, Why Did Nanbu Bear Fail?
Authors: Tan Chris K. K.
Published: December 2017

Inspired by the classical triptych of field, capital, and habitus, Green formulates the sexual fields framework to account for the current unprecedented expansion of specialized erotic worlds. In this essay, I analyze fieldwork data to ethnographically map the contours of the sexual field of Taipei’s gay Bears. After tracing the origins of the Taiwanese Bear through Japan and ultimately back to the US, I critically examine the interactions of the sexual fields framework’s core components. I make two conclusions here. First, Bears accumulate sexual capital through their bodies and the clothes they wear and rely heavily on social media to attain and retain sexual status. Second, while the Bear originally celebrated somatic diversity, interpersonal competition increasingly homogenizes Taipei’s Bears attire to reveal the limits of Bear sociability. Through this essay, I contribute to the growing body of sexual fields research.
Distributed leadership and research degree administration
Authors: Hawkes Denise , Johansson Carol , McSweeney Catherine
Published: December 2017

Studies of the interaction between professional and academic staff in leadership in higher education institutions have focused on distributed leadership. Whilst such studies have considered the leadership of the whole university, aspects of this model also apply to the relationship between programme leaders and administrators. This paper aims to explore the usefulness of this model in leadership of professional doctorates. The study is an exploratory one, reporting on the reflections of how one programme is managed through the eyes of the programme leader and lead administrator. The results provide evidence for the usefulness of this model in understanding the working relationships between programme leaders and administrators. We also show that a long-term appointment in the role of programme administrator is vital in ensuring a good student experience. This is linked both to general good practice of programme administration and to the unique characteristics of professional doctorate students.
The Level of Cognitive Impairment and Likelihood of Frequent Hospital Admissions
Authors: Amini Reza , Chee Kyong Hee , Swan James , Mendieta Maximiliano , Williams TimMarie
Published: December 2017

Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between different levels of cognitive impairment (CI) and the frequency of hospital admission (HA). Method: Data from the National Health and Aging Trend Study, Round 1 (2011), with 8,245 respondents from Medicare beneficiaries were used. The data account for the number of hospital admissions for one year before the data collection. Clock Drawing Test and delayed word recall were employed to measure CI. Results: The severity of CI is one of the factors significantly associated with HA. Controlling for the level of function, the likelihood of HA increased among respondents with moderate, mild-to-moderate, and mild CI. Counterintuitively, HA was reduced when CI is severe. Discussion: People with CI are at more risk of frequent HA and the severity of impairment can increase this risk subsequently. Screening for CI at admission can open up the possibility of interventions, hence reducing complications during and after hospitalization.
What Drives Good Governance? A Structural Equation Model of Nonprofit BoardPerformance
Authors: Gazley Beth , Nicholson-Crotty Jill
Published: December 2017

The study of nonprofit governance is coming into its theoretical heyday by incorporating a sophisticated understanding of its contingent and multidimensional nature. A systems view of governance acknowledges the interplay of internal and external dynamics on board performance. But empirically, large-scale, generalizable data that can test these concepts on board performance have been scarce. This study helps to fill that gap with a structural equation analysis of a national representative survey of member-serving organizations. The results suggest that board performance is associated with complex organizational and labor dynamics, and that performance metrics themselves are multidimensional. Furthermore, not all relationships with strong boards are directly measurable. Some appear related to indirect external market dynamics or healthy internal dynamics such as learning and self-evaluation.
Flow characteristic of a multistage radial turbine for supercritical compressed air energy storage system
Authors: Wang Xing , Li Wen , Zhang Xuehui , Zhu Yangli , Qin Wei , Chen Haisheng
Published: December 2017

Compressed air in supercritical compressed air energy storage system expand from supercritical to atmospheric conditions at lower inlet temperature (<500 K) to generate MW scale power. Therefore, a new multistage radial turbine is adopted and the flow characteristic is investigated by numerical simulation. Effects of ideal gas model and tip clearance on the performance and flow field of the multistage turbine are revealed. Results show that ideal gas model can reveal flow pattern under supercritical condition correctly while leading to obvious deviation of isentropic enthalpy drop, entropy, and inlet-to-exit total temperature ratio. Relative differences for mass flow and efficiency are less than 2%, while the relative differences for output power reaches to 9.36%. For shrouded rotor, mixing of working fluid near hub, blade suction surface, and shroud is the main influencing factor of the flow loss in the rotor. For unshrouded rotor, leakage vortex promote mixture of the fluid deriving from the hub, shroud, and suction surface, and causes much higher flow loss in the channel of rotor. The rotors, which have higher blade height variation rate, present higher efficiency reduction when the tip clearance height is increased, which is because the proportion of tip clearance in blade inlet height increases with the increase of average aspect ratio, resulting in the increase of leakage flow at the leading edge of rotor blade. The pressure fluctuation near the tip clearance and efficiency reduction is also increased. The present study provides a reference for further design and optimization of the multistage radial turbines in compressed air energy storage.
Bayesian nonparametric inference for the three-class Youden index and its associated optimal cutoff points
Authors: Carvalho Vanda Inácio de , Branscum Adam J
Published: December 2017

The three-class Youden index serves both as a measure of medical test accuracy and a criterion to choose the optimal pair of cutoff values for classifying subjects into three ordinal disease categories (e.g. no disease, mild disease, advanced disease). We present a Bayesian nonparametric approach for estimating the three-class Youden index and its corresponding optimal cutoff values based on Dirichlet process mixtures, which are robust models that can handle intricate features of distributions for complex data. Results from a simulation study are presented and an application to data from the Trail Making Test to assess cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease patients is detailed.
Causal inference with measurement error in outcomes: Bias analysis and estimation methods
Authors: Shu Di , Yi Grace Y
Published: December 2017

Inverse probability weighting estimation has been popularly used to consistently estimate the average treatment effect. Its validity, however, is challenged by the presence of error-prone variables. In this paper, we explore the inverse probability weighting estimation with mismeasured outcome variables. We study the impact of measurement error for both continuous and discrete outcome variables and reveal interesting consequences of the naive analysis which ignores measurement error. When a continuous outcome variable is mismeasured under an additive measurement error model, the naive analysis may still yield a consistent estimator; when the outcome is binary, we derive the asymptotic bias in a closed-form. Furthermore, we develop consistent estimation procedures for practical scenarios where either validation data or replicates are available. With validation data, we propose an efficient method for estimation of average treatment effect; the efficiency gain is substantial relative to usual methods of using validation data. To provide protection against model misspecification, we further propose a doubly robust estimator which is consistent even when either the treatment model or the outcome model is misspecified. Simulation studies are reported to assess the performance of the proposed methods. An application to a smoking cessation dataset is presented.
Decolonizing the Atmosphere: The Climate Justice Movement on Climate Debt
Authors: Warlenius Rikard
Published: December 2017

A central concept raised by the climate justice movement is climate debt. Here, the claims and warrants of the movement support for climate debt is identified through an argumentation analysis of their central manifestos. It is found that the climate debt claim is understood as primarily restorative, in the sense that the environmental space of the developing countries must be returned, “decolonized.” The damage caused by climate change also gives rise to a compensatory adaptation debt. The result is compared with an earlier study on ecological debt. Both concepts are framed within an unjust power relation between North and South, but there are differences. Ecological debt is mainly analyzed in terms of an unjust economic exploitation, which is congenial with its use as an argument for cancellation of Southern external debts; climate debt is rather seen as a violation of communal rights and territories, an argument for climate justice.
A game-theoretical perspective for decentralized active noise control
Authors: Quintana Ricardo , Patino Diego
Published: December 2017

Active noise control (ANC) is a methodology that aims to attenuate acoustic noise creating a silent zone around the target. ANC techniques are particularly useful in the presence of low frequency noise, where passive control is ineffective and impractical. However, the computational cost of ANC applications involving a high number of sensors and actuators, such as active shielding, appears to be an important limitation. One possible approach to deal with this problem is to resort to decentralized control. This is a technique that decomposes a complex control problem into smaller ones that are addressed independently using different controllers. This article studies a decentralized scheme for ANC from a game-theoretical perspective. This formalizes the Nash equilibrium (i.e., the simultaneous best strategy) in the interaction between the controllers. Indeed, in the Nash Equilibrium, the control signals achieve stable conditions. In this framework, it is straightforward to analytically compare the decentralized control scheme to the standard centralized one.