bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technologies of Organizational Analysis: Charting ‘Organization’ as a Practical and Epistemic Object
Authors: Vikkelsø Signe
Published: February 2023

Historians of science Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison argue that any science “must deal with the problem of selecting and constituting ‘working objects’ as opposed to the too plentiful and too various natural objects” (2007: 19). In the paper, which is written for my inaugural lecture at Copenhagen Business School, I analyze the fate of the organization chart as a central working object in classic organization and management theory. By contrasting the way it was once used and discussed by classic authors such as Luther Gulick and Lyndon Urwick (1937) with the way organization charts were used in contingency theory and finally with their disappearance in contemporary organization studies and altered role in the selfrepresentation of modern organizations, I describe a history of changing forms of visualization in organization theory and managerial practice. I also discuss the practical and political consequences of this development.
Praksisteoretiske undersøgelser af professionelle og organisatoriske læreprocesser: en ’tool-kit’-tilgang
Authors: Walker Roddy , Buch Anders
Published: February 2023

Artiklen skitserer en analytisk ramme, som kan rumme dynamikkerne mellem organisatoriske praksisser, arbejds- og uddannelsespraksisser, samt personers læreprocesser i praksis, og det åbner for nye empiriske undersøgelser af organisatoriske og professionelle læreprocesser. Artiklen udfolder tre praksisteoretiske vinkler på organisatoriske og professionelle læreprocesser, og tilbyder en eklektisk og inkluderende analytisk tilgang til at undersøge dem som social praksis. På baggrund af empiriske nedslag i en etnografisk undersøgelse af et ledelsesudviklingsprogram i den offentlige sektor bliver muligheder og begrænsninger af tre forskellige praksisteoretiske tilgange undersøgt. Samspillet imellem dem viser potentiale for at nuancere undersøgelser af professionelle og organisatoriske læreprocesser. Indledningsvis undersøges læreprocesser som professionel identitetsdannelse gennem deltagelse i praksisfælleskabet omkring udviklingsprogrammet. Dernæst anvendes en praksisteoretisk tilgang til at fokusere på ledelse som situeret praksis. Det giver anledning til overvejelser om forholdet mellem uddannelse og praksis, og tilbyder et særligt gunstigt analytisk blik på organisatorisk stabilitet og forandring. Yderligere diskuteres en tredje tilgang, der fokuserer på personers læringsbaner i professionelle og organisatoriske praksisser. Her diskuteres Ole Dreiers personbegreb som en videreudvikling af de tidligere skitserede tilgange.
Learning to Make a Difference. Value Creation in Social Learning Spaces
Authors: Buch Anders
Published: February 2023

Jean Lave og Etienne Wengers sociale læringsteori om legitim perifer deltagelse i praksisfællesskaber har været meget indflydelsesrig i uddannelses- og arbejdslivsforskning. Men nu – 30 år efter at teorien blev introduceret – fremsætter Etienne Wenger-Trayner, sammen med sin hustru Beverly Wenger-Trayner, en ny og mere omfattende social læringsteori. De arbejder som uafhængige læringsteoretikere, undervisere og konsulenter, og har nu udgivet en bog, som er tænkt som den første i en række, der har til formål at opdatere den oprindelige teori om social læring i praksisfællesskaber. Bogen skitserer både den nye teoris grundlag og rummer praktiske overvejelser om, hvordan teorien kan skabe værdi for praktikere. Bogens målgruppe er således både forskere og praktikere. På de første 70 sider i bogen fremsættes den nye teori, mens resten af bogen eksemplificerer og operationaliserer teorien med cases og praktiske refleksioner over, hvordan teorien kan bruges.
Mellem bløde visioner og hårde betingelser
Authors: Bertelsen Olav W.
Published: February 2023

Danmarks videregående uddannelsessektor blev i løbet af nullerne markant forandret gennem en række institutionssammenlægninger. For Aarhus Universitet blev universitetsfusionerne i 2007 startskuddet til en fuldstændig omkalfatring. Universitetet skulle rykkes fra selvgroet provinsuniversitet til optimeret internationalt universitet. Projektet var grandiost, men virkeligheden ramte med en omfattende fyringsrunde i 2014. For medarbejderne på Aarhus Universitet førte fusionerne til mere end et årti med tilbagevendende organisatorisk forandring og usikkerhed, herunder et antal budgetkriser hvor masseafskedigelser, også af fastansat videnskabeligt personale, blev et vilkår i arbejdslivet, som den enkelte skulle leve med og forholde sig til. Denne tilstand af forandringer og usikkerhed satte i perioden tydeligt præg på arbejdspladsvurderinger og tilfredshedsundersøgelser. I det følgende reflekterer jeg over processen, som den så ud fra mit perspektiv som tillidsrepræsentant ved fakultetet Science and Technology (ST), der eksisterede i perioden 2011 til 2020. Fakultetet var en fusion af sektorforskningsfakulteterne, Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser (DMU) og Dansk Jordbrugsforskning (DJF), og det gamle naturvidenskabelige fakultet (Nat). Senere blev Ingeniørhøjskolen i Aarhus fusioneret ind i fakultetet. Jeg beskriver, hvordan de visioner og faglige udviklingsmuligheder, der var stillet medarbejderne i udsigt i fusionsprocessen, blev vanskeliggjort af for store forskelle i rammebetingelser, manglende langsigtet økonomisk frirum og regulære nedskæringer.
Theodore Savage
Authors: Hamilton Cicely
Published: February 2023

From one of the earliest feminist science fiction writers, a novel that envisions the fall of civilization—and the plight of the modern woman in a post-apocalyptic wilderness.

When war breaks out in Europe, British civilization collapses overnight. The ironically named protagonist must learn to survive by his wits in a new Britain. When we first meet Theodore Savage, he is a complacent civil servant, primarily concerned with romancing his girlfriend. During a brief war in which both sides use population displacement as a terrible strategic weapon, Savage must battle his fellow countrymen. He shacks up with an ignorant young woman in a forest hut—a kind of inverse Garden of Eden, where no one is happy. Eventually, he sets off in search of other survivors . . . only to discover a primitive society where science and technology have come to be regarded with superstitious awe and terror. A pioneering feminist, Hamilton offers a warning about the degraded state of modern women, who—being “unhandy, unresourceful, superficial”—would suffer a particularly sad fate in a postapocalyptic social order.

Susan R. Grayzel is Professor of History at Utah State University, where she researches and teaches about modern European history, women's and gender history, the history of the world wars, and war and culture. Her publications in these areas include Women's Identities at War (1999) and At Home and Under Fire (2012). Her latest book is The Age of the Gas Mask: How British Civilians Faced the Terrors of Total War (Cambridge University Press, 2022).
Transfer of Cultural Codes in Intercultural Communication
Authors: Leontjeva Oksana
Published: February 2023

One of the factors affecting the quality of intercultural communication is the correct transmission of the information and semantic component of the codes that implement the model of culture. Coming into contact with the codes of a foreign culture through the language, the communicant involuntarily makes mistakes when the codes are transformed into the system of codes of their own culture. As a result of this, there is a misunderstanding, and often a misunderstanding of cultural meanings, which leads to a certain conflict - hidden or explicit - in intercultural communication. We single out several such errors that occur during the transfer of information and its transformation - this is a code perception error, a decoding error, a mismatch error, a linking error resulting from a transient error, a replication error, and a transposition error with a violation of semantic integrity. All these errors occur in the individual cognitive system as a result of insufficient knowledge and understanding of a foreign culture and as a result of a discrepancy between the system of codes of one culture and the system of codes of another culture.
“Our Best Four for Five”
Authors: Genova Dafina
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on how the Communist Party in Bulgaria used slogans in the physical environment as party propaganda. An account of the historical context in the country after the Second World War is provided that lead to the establishment of a Communist regime and the drastic changes it brought in all spheres of life. The books of two Bulgarian philosophers written before the democratic changes in 1989 are commented on – an inside criticism of the inherent flaws of the Communist ideology and its practices that countered the innumerable official laudatory appraisals of the system. In the text, a distinction is made between Marxist-Leninist ideology and ideologies in liberal democracies. Discussed are the repetitiveness, the omnipresence and the key signifiers used in the slogans. Structurally, slogans are viewed as single-sentence texts whose communicative function is explained in terms of speech acts. Analysed are their most frequent topics and linguistic features.
Bożena Kochman-Haładyj, Anglo-American and Polish Proverbs: Linguo-Cultural Perspectives on Traditional Values, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2021
Authors: Szpila Grzegorz
Published: February 2023

Recenzja książki
Heat stress does not induce wasting symptoms in the giant California sea cucumber (Apostichopus californicus)
Authors: Dawson Taylor Declan , Farr Jonathan J. , Lim Em G. , Fleet Jenna L. , Smith Sara J. , Wuitchik Daniel M.
Published: February 2023

Oceanic heatwaves have significant impacts on disease dynamics in marine ecosystems. Following an extreme heatwave in Nanoose Bay, British Columbia, Canada, a severe sea cucumber wasting event occurred that resulted in the mass mortality of Apostichopus californicus. Here, we sought to determine if heat stress in isolation could trigger wasting symptoms in A. californicus. We exposed sea cucumbers to (i) a simulated marine heatwave (22 °C), (ii) an elevated temperature treatment (17 °C), or (iii) control conditions (12 °C). We measured the presence of skin lesions, mortality, posture maintenance, antipredator defences, spawning, and organ evisceration during the 79-hour thermal exposure, as well as 7-days post-exposure. Both the 22 °C and 17 °C treatments elicited stress responses where individuals exhibited a reduced ability to maintain posture and an increase in stress spawning. The 22 °C heatwave was particularly stressful, as it was the only treatment where mortality was observed. However, none of the treatments induced wasting symptoms as observed in the Nanoose Bay event. This study provides evidence that sea cucumber wasting may not be triggered by heat stress in isolation, leaving the cause of the mass mortality event observed in Nanoose unknown.
Modelagem e simulação do processo de seleção do sabão em barra de uma fábrica de material de limpeza localizada no município de Mossoró-RN
Authors: De Sena David Custódio , Vidal Priscila da Cunha Jácome , Oliveira Oskallyne Rafaelly das Chagas , Aragão Paulyara de Oliveira Araújo
Published: February 2023

A aglomeração dos produtos acabados na mesa de seleção antes do processo de embalagem ocasiona avaria em alguns sabões, motivo pelo qual se fez necessário encontrar uma opção que forneça tempo suficiente ao operador para realizar a inspeçãoo visual e decidir quais produtos irão sofrer retrabalho. A fim de estudar possíveis soluções para o problema de fila na mesa de seleção do sabão em barra desta fábrica, foi proposto um esquema de simulação que segue todos os passos necessários para construção deste modelo. Dentre esses passos, encontram-se a definição dos objetivos, das restrições do sistema e das especificações da simulação. Por fim, foi feita a análise dos dados de saída coletados no modelo e identificados nos relatórios gerados pelo software Arena e calculado o intervalo de confiança para as três medidas de desempenho descritas nos objetivos do modelo: tempo de espera na mesa de seleção, quantidade de sabões para seleção e quantidade de sabões danificados. Após verificação e validação do modelo, foram listadas três sugestões que hipoteticamente podem reduzir a fila e sanar o problema de defeitos ocorridos na mesa de seleção.
HUMOURS (AKHLAT) AS A DEFINING FACTOR FOR THE CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
Authors: Zafar Sanila Adil , Anjum Sultana , Ahmed Sana Kauser Ateeque , Ahmed Shaihba Firoz , Ansari Mohd Anis
Published: February 2023

In the Unani system of medicine, the seven fundamental principles (Umür Tabi’iyya) i.e. Arkan (basic constituents), Mizaj (Temperament), Akhlat (Humours), A’da’ (Organs), Arwah (Vital pneumas), Quwa (Faculties) and Afal (Functions) are not only responsible for the existence of human body but for the maintenance of health too. Any alteration in these principles could lead to disease or even death. Amongst them, the concept of four humours is momentous in the diagnosis and management of diseases, as it covers every single aspect of health and diseases. Hence innumerable diseases are classified depending on alteration in humours. Owing its philosophical and scientific facts Unani physicians believe on this classical concept and use it in their practice too. In the present study alteration and discordance of Akhlat i.e., Imtilä Ba Hasbul Quwa and Imtilä Ba Hasbul Awaiya and their alarming features have been described in detail. Thus, with the help of logical and scientific parameters the study will aid in better understanding of the concept of akhlat, their effect on health and diseases too.
Performance of Islamic Banks Using the Islamicity Performance Index Approach on Islamic Banks in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Chairunesia Wieta
Published: February 2023

This research aims to analyze and compare the performance of Islamic banks with the Islamicity Performance Index approach on Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia.

This type of research is a descriptive quantitative research. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The research was conducted on Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia for 4 years, 2017-2020.

This comparative research is expected to be an evaluation material for Indonesian Islamic banks to continue to improve their performance in order to catch up with Islamic banks in Malaysia. So the purpose of this research proposal is to analyze and compare the effect of the soundness of Islamic banks based on the Islamicity Performance Index on Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia.

The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences in the performance of Islamic banks based on the Equitable Distribution Ratio-Qardh in Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia, while the performance of Islamic banks based on the Profit Sharing Ratio, Zakat Performing Ratio and Halal vs. Non-Halal Income Ratio, there is no significant differences in Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Effective Teaching of Teachers, Self-Regulation, and Study Habits among Students: Structural Equation Model on Learning of Filipino
Authors: Salpocial Louie Mar L. , Palma Reita C.
Published: February 2023

Aims: To investigate the causal relationship between and among effective teaching, self-regulation,  and study habits.

Study Design:  Causal Relationship Analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at CARAGA Region, Philippines during the school year 2022-2023.

Methodology: A four-dimentional and validated survey questionnaire was used in gathering the data. Four hundred seventeen grade 12 Senior High School students were randomly chosen to be the respondents of the study.

Results: Both perceptions of effective instruction and student study habits scored extremely well. Additionally, there were high levels of self-control, study habits, and Filipino proficiency. Furthermore, it was discovered that learning Filipino was significantly correlated with good teaching, self-control, and study habits. Model 5 produced the model that fit the data the best.

Conclusion: The very high levels of perceived effectiveness in teaching and studying suggest that teachers fully model efficient learning and self-control in helping students learn Filipino. Similar to how strong study habits and serious Filipino learning indicate pupils who follow good study habits. Furthermore, the relationship between efficient instruction, self-control, and study habits demonstrates that these factors should be taken into account by teachers when instructing Filipino. The findings of this research demonstrate that learning Filipino is comparable to learning any other language.
Comparative Assessment of Regeneration, Structure and Species Diversity of Woody Vegetation in Disturbed and Undisturbed Sites of a Secondary Montane Forest, Kenya
Authors: Ocholla Jemimah Achieng , Inoti Shadrack Kinyua , Obwoyere Gilbert Obati
Published: February 2023

Secondary montane forest is created by either natural or artificial disturbances resulting in open canopies. It is an important resource in relation to economic and ecological values, however, it faces over-exploitation. The objective of this study was to compare regeneration, forest structure and species diversity of woody vegetation between disturbed and undisturbed sites of the South-Western (SW) Mau forest reserve in Kenya. A nested research sampling design was used, whereby, plots of 500 by 500 m were demarcated in Itare, Maramara and Ndoinet blocks. In disturbed sites, canopy openings were randomly selected to constitute the sample units. In undisturbed sites, sample plots of 30 by 20 m were randomly nested. Regeneration, forest structure and species diversity were then determined per sample unit. Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction was then used to compare the three parameters in disturbed and undisturbed sites of the forest. A total of 41 gaps were selected (7 large, 11 medium and 23 small gap sizes) in disturbed sites while a total of 19 sub-plots (Itare 5, Maramara 6 and Ndoinet 8 times) were laid in undisturbed sites. There was a significant difference in forest structure between disturbed and undisturbed sites of the forest (P = 0.01, P value adjustment method: BH). The forest was invaded by Piper capensis, Ribes spp. and ferns in disturbed sites which affected the three woody vegetation population parameters. Therefore, enrichment planting was recommended in disturbed sites to conserve biodiversity within the forest.
Zingiber album Nurainas among Zingiberaceae Family: A Review in the Traditional Uses
Authors: Syafira Faradila , Nurainas . , Syamsuardi .
Published: February 2023

Aims: To determine the potential for local use of Zingiber album Nurainas among Zingiberaceae family through an ethnobotanical approach.

Study Design: Information about traditional uses of Zingiberaceae family collected through literature review. The data was analyzed quantitatively using the ethnobotanyR package in the R Studio software and visualized using a flow diagram with the ggalluvial formula.

Methodology: Literature review.

Results: From the research, it was found that the local use of Z. album as a vegetable and traditional medicines, namely the medicine for swollen uterus after childbirth, abdominal pain, internal heat.

Conclusion: Z. album Nurainas has potential as a food and traditional medicine. Ethnoalluvial analysis of the potential utilization of Z. album among other species in the Zingiberaceae family in West Sumatra showed that the species categorized as low importance.
Electromagnetic Particles: About of Formation “Matter” and “Antimatter”
Authors: Utelbayeva A. B. , Zhangabai NZh. , Suleimenov E. N. , Utelbayev B. T.
Published: February 2023

Based on the analysis of the structural parts of substances it is proposed that the constituents of the atoms forming from elementary particles of electrical nature. These electrical matters in the course of the evolution of the Universe formed elementary electric dipoles and magnetic bipoles with the subsequent formation of "electromagnetic particles", which are combined into the "core of nucleus". The successive combination of electromagnetic particles gives the poles of the core of nucleus a high value of the potential difference manifested in the form of nuclear force. As a result of the interaction of the core of nucleus with an electron-positron combination an equal number of protons and antiprotons should be formed, since electrically charged parts with the same modulus and opposite charges are formed equally. However, in reality the formation of an antiproton does not occur, and therefore, the reasons for the practical absence of "antimatter" in the surrounding world is still a mysterious problem. The purpose of this article is to study the formation of "matters" and "antimatters" based on elementary particles of electrical nature in the nuclear-electronic structure of atoms.
Influence of Lead on Morphology and Genetic Composition of Pleurotus tuber-regium
Authors: Iruoma Anyakorah Caroline , Hussein Tiamiyu
Published: February 2023

Aims: Lead is a heavy metal pollutant that persists in the environment, has no biological function, and is potentially toxic to microorganisms. The study examined the effect of lead on the morphology and genetic profile of Pleurotus tuber-regium, an edible mushroom.

Study Design: Experimental study design.

Place and Duration of Study: Bells University of Technology between December 2017 and August 2018.

Methodology: P. tuber-regium sclerotium was planted in loamy soils polluted with PbO (50, 80, and 100 mg/kg). The effect of the lead was assessed by recording time for mushroom emergence, fresh fruitbody weight, stipe and pileus diameter, % protein, %ash, and molecular profile of mushrooms harvested from polluted soils against a control. Extracted DNA was amplified with ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers; amplicons were visualized with a UV Bio-Rad illuminator.

Results: Lead had varied influences on the morphometry. The fruitbody emergence was fastest in polluted soils and significantly different from the control. Fruiting occurred after 13.23±0.76, 5.41±0.88, 9.33±0.75 and 11.01±1.06 days in 0, 50, 80 and 100 mg/kg Pb polluted soils respectively. The fresh weight, stipe, and pileus diameter were significantly different at 50 mg/kg compared to the control. The range in values was 8.57±0.75 – 15.21±0.85g, 9.30±0.89 - 14.40±0.99mm, and 3.33±0.75 - 9.60±0.57cm respectively. The %protein and %ash contents were higher in mushrooms from polluted soils. Lead accumulated in polluted soils but the bioaccumulation coefficient was low. DNA profile showed variations in amplicon sizes.

Conclusion:  The study revealed that continuous exposure of Pleurotus tuber-regium to lead caused varied morphological and genetic changes. It led to increased fresh weight, stipe diameter, pileus diameter, and variation in DNA amplicons. The implication is that lead could cause variations in the morphology and genetic composition of P. tuber-regium.
Evaluation of Laboratory Investigations for Neuropathy in Children and Adolescent with Type I Diabetes Mellitus (TIDM)
Authors: Ragy Radwa Mohamed Ashraf Mohamed , Hassan Ahmed Mohamed , Rifaey Shymaa Mohamed El , Mohamed Wesam Salah
Published: February 2023

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate different laboratory parameters in children and adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with and without diabetic neuropathy.

Methods: 60 children and adolescents with T1DM was enrolled in this study, they were classified into: 30 cases with T1DM from 2 to 5 years, 30 cases with T1DM for more than 5 years and 30 healthy children matched for age and sex as a control group. Blood samples were obtained from all cases to assess different laboratory investigation including hemoglobin (Hb) level, liver function test (ALT and AST), renal function test (urea and serum creatinine), fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2 h post prandial glucose (2hPP), lipid profile (serum cholesterol and triglycerides) and thyroid function tests.

Results: There was significant value in serum creatinine, serum cholesterol, FBS and 2hPP glucose level between the studied groups.

Conclusion: Patients with DM duration more than five years are associated with impaired renal function, hypercholesteremia and less glycemic control.
Influence of Students’-Staff Interactions on Academic Delinquency amongst Undergraduate Students in Public Universities in Kiambu and Nairobi Counties-Kenya
Authors: Githaiga Susan N. , Kirimi Francis , Thuita Catherine
Published: February 2023

Academic delinquency has manifested itself in practices through practices such as: ‘sex for grades,’ sneaking unacceptable materials into examination rooms popularly known as ‘mwakenya’, plagiarism of assignments among other delinquent practices which have greatly affected the quality of university education in Kenya. So, this study sought to answer the research question: what is the influence of students’-staff interactions on academic delinquency amongst undergraduate students in public universities in Kiambu and Nairobi Counties in Kenya? The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative approaches targeting 40 Deans, 12 heads of departments, 120,000 undergraduate students, 2 counsellors, 2 registrars and 2 examination coordinators from Kenyatta University and Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Using stratified, multistage and purposive sampling criteria, a total of 414 respondents were sampled to participate in the study. For ethical purposes, the two universities were coded as X and Y in the analysis of data. Questionnaires and structured interview guide with open-ended test items were used to collect data from the students and deans, heads of departments, counselors, registrars and exam coordinators respectively. The study found that students’ interactions with members of staff during lecturers, Class work, sport and social functions was found to influence engagement in academic delinquency amongst students, as supported by more than 60% of respondents from both university X and Y. The study recommends a collaborative teaching and learning practice, where parents, staff and other stakeholder are engaged in ensuring proper ethics are instilled to all earners in universities.
Shifting baselines for species in chronic decline and assessment of conservation status. Are hazel dormiceMuscardinus avellanariusEndangered?
Authors: Scopes Eleanor R. , Goodwin Cecily E. D. , Al‐Fulaij Nida , White Ian , Langton Steve , Walsh Katherine , Broome Alice , McDonald Robbie A.
Published: February 2023

Long‐term data are beneficial for monitoring the conservation status of species. Assessments of population change over recent periods of fixed duration will, however, be subject to ‘shifting baselines’, where the accepted norm for the population at the start of the period already represents a reduction from historical levels. International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List criteria for categorizing conservation threat rely on assessing declines against quantitative thresholds, generally measured over 10 years, as indications of the likelihood of extinction in the near future. By contrast, legal frameworks such as the European Habitats Directive require states to achieve and sustain ‘Favourable Conservation Status’ for protected species, while domestic conservation legislation can have more diverse objectives and mechanisms, based on local contexts that extend beyond biological or quantitative criteria.

We explore the challenges associated with assessing the risk of extinction and the conservation status that arise from the availability of long‐term monitoring data for hazel dormiceMuscardinus avellanariusin the United Kingdom.

Numbers of adult dormice counted in the National Dormouse Monitoring Programme are in ongoing decline, amounting to an overall decline of 78% (95% confidence interval = 72%–84%) over 27 years, 1994–2020. If the observed annual rate of decline of 5.7% (95% CI = 4.7%–6.8%) were to continue unabated, dormouse counts would decline by >90% from 1994 to 2034. Despite this, the species would never be categorized as Endangered, under IUCN criteria, which specify a reduction of >50% within 10 years.

While such chronic decline may not indicate imminent risk of extinction, justifying a higher Red List category, it is a demonstration of unfavourable conservation status at a national scale. Prioritization based on demonstration of such chronic declines might direct more effective action towards species conservation at a point when their recovery is more attainable, rather than attempting later to reverse a journey to the brink of extinction when the species is finally ‘Endangered’.
High‐Pressure Synthesis and Thermal Conductivity of Semimetallic θ‐Tantalum Nitride
Authors: Lee Hwijong , Zhou Yuanyuan , Jung Sungyeb , Li Hongze , Cheng Zhe , He Jiaming , Chen Jie , Sokalski Peter , Dolocan Andrei , Gearba‐Dolocan Raluca , Matthews Kevin C. , Giustino Feliciano , Zhou Jianshi , Shi Li
Published: February 2023

The lattice thermal conductivity (κph) of metals and semimetals is limited by phonon‐phonon scattering at high temperatures and by electron‐phonon scattering at low temperatures or in some systems with weak phonon‐phonon scattering. Following the demonstration of a phonon band engineering approach to achieve an unusually high κph in semiconducting cubic‐boron arsenide (c‐BAs), recent theories have predicted ultrahigh κph of the semimetal tantalum nitride in the θ‐phase (θ‐TaN) with hexagonal tungsten carbide (WC) structure due to the combination of a small electron density of states near the Fermi level and a large phonon band gap, which suppress electron‐phonon and three‐phonon scattering, respectively. Here, measurements on the thermal and electrical transport properties of polycrystalline θ‐TaN converted from the ε phase via high‐pressure synthesis are reported. The measured thermal conductivity of the θ‐TaN samples shows weak temperature dependence above 200 K and reaches up to 90 Wm−1K−1, one order of magnitude higher than values reported for polycrystalline ε‐TaN and δ‐TaN thin films. These results agree with theoretical calculations that account for phonon scattering by 100 nm‐level grains and suggest κph increase above the 249 Wm−1 K−1 value predicted for single‐crystal WC when the grain size of θ‐TaN is increased above 400 nm.
Confined Diffusion Strategy for Customizing Magnetic Coupling Spaces to Enhance Low‐frequency Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Rao Longjun , Wang Lei , Yang Chendi , Zhang Ruixuan , Zhang Jincang , Liang Chongyun , Che Renchao
Published: February 2023

The rational design of magnetic composites has great potential for electromagnetic (EM) absorption, particularly in the low‐frequency range of 2–8 GHz. However, the scalable synthesis of such magnetic absorbers with both high magnetic content and good dispersity remains challenging. In this study, a confined diffusion strategy is proposed to fabricate functional magnetic‐carbon hollow microspheres. Driven by the ferromagnetic enhanced Kirkendall diffusion effect, the in situ alloying of FeCo nanoparticles is tightly confined in carbon shells, effectively inhibiting magnetic agglomeration. Moreover, the core–shell FeCo–carbon nano‐units further assemble into dispersive microscale magnetic‐carbon Janus bulges on both the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow microsphere. The optimized hollow FeCo@C microspheres exhibit excellent low‐frequency EM wave absorption performance: the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) is −35.9 dB, and the absorption bandwidth covers almost the entire C‐band. Systematic investigation reveals that the large size of the magnetic‐carbon integration, high–density confined magnetic units, and strong magnetic coupling are essential for enhancing the magnetic loss dissipation of low‐frequency EM waves. This study provides a novel strategy for fabricating advanced EM wave absorbers and significant inspiration for investigating the magnetic attenuation mechanism at low frequency.
A Robust Dual‐Polymer@Inorganic Networks Composite Polymer Electrolyte Toward Ultra‐Long‐Life and High‐Voltage Li/Li‐Rich Metal Battery
Authors: Yao Meng , Ruan Qinqin , Wang Yangyang , Du Liyu , Li Qiongguang , Xu Lv , Wang Ruji , Zhang Haitao
Published: February 2023

Composite polymer electrolytes (CSEs) that simultaneously possess superior electrochemical performances with robust mechanical properties are highly desired to the application of high‐energy lithium metal batteries. Herein, a novel dual‐polymer@inorganic network CSE (DNSE@IN) through a sequential nonhydrolytic sol‐gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and the semi‐interpenetration of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropene)‐hexafluoropropylene (P(VDF‐HFP)) with poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) is proposed. DNSE@IN, which has a robust dual‐polymer@inorganic networks, not only has high ionic conductivity (0.53 mS cm−1 at 20 °C), but also exhibits an outstanding Young's modulus of 723.2 MPa. As a result, the DNSE@IN based Li/LiFePO4 and Li/Li1.17Ni0.27Co0.05Mn0.52O2 (Li‐rich) cells exhibit remarkable cycling stability from room temperature (RT) to 100 °C. As‐assembled Li/Li‐rich battery shows superior cyclability of 194.3 mAh g−1 after 70 cycles at 4.3 V under RT. Additionally, the scale‐up high‐voltage Li/Li‐rich pouch cells exhibit excellent cyclability (nearly 100% capacity retention after 93 cycles) and superior flexibility, safety at RT for potential practical applications. As such, the work of decoupling ionic conductivity and mechanical properties opens a novel route to develop novel CSEs for the construction of high‐energy lithium metal batteries.
Bifunctional Cellulose Interlayer Enabled Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Simultaneously Enhanced Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Zhang Zilong , Wang Can , Li Feng , Liang Lusheng , Huang Liulian , Chen Lihui , Ni Yonghao , Gao Peng , Wu Hui
Published: February 2023

Interfacial engineering is a vital strategy to enable high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To develop efficient, low‐cost, and green biomass interfacial materials, here, a bifunctional cellulose derivative is presented, 6‐O‐[4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)butyl]‐2,3‐di‐O‐methyl cellulose (C‐Cz), with numerous methoxy groups on the backbone and redox‐active carbazole units as side chains. The bifunctional C‐Cz shows excellent energy level alignment, good thermal stability and strong interactions with the perovskite surface, all of which are critical for not only carrier transportation but also potential defects passivation. Consequently, with C‐Cz as the interfacial modifier, the PSCs achieve a remarkably enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.02%, along with significantly enhanced long‐term stability. These results underscore the advantages of bifunctional cellulose materials as interfacial layers with effective charge transport properties and strong passivation capability for efficient and stable PSCs.
Limitations associated with thermoregulation and cardiovascular research assessing laborers performing work in the heat
Authors: Morrissey Margaret C. , Langan Sean P. , Brewer Gabrielle J. , Struder Jeb F. , Navarro John S. , Nye Megan N. , Casa Douglas J.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To quantify the current literature and limitations associated with research examining thermoregulatory and cardiovascular strain in laborers working in the heat.

Methods

PubMed, SCOPUS, and SPORTDiscus were searched for terms related to the cardiovascular system, heat stress, and physical work. Qualifying studies included adult participants (18–65 years old), a labor‐intensive environment or exercise protocol simulating a labor environment, a minimum duration of 120 min of physical work, and environmental heat stress (ambient temperature ≥26.0°C and ≥30% relative humidity). Studies included at least one of the following outcomes: pre‐ and peak physical work, core temperature, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HR variability, and rate pressure product.

Results

Twenty‐one out of 1559 potential studies qualified from our search. There was a total of 598 participants (mean = 28 ± 50 participants per study, range = 4–238 participants per study), which included 51 females (8.5%) and 547 males (91.5%). Of the participants, 3.8% had cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes: n = 10; hypertension: n = 13) and 96.2% were characterized as “healthy”. Fifty‐seven percent of the included studies were performed in a laboratory setting.

Conclusions

Studies were predominantly in men (91.5%), laboratory settings (57%), and “healthy” individuals (96.2%). To advance equity in protection against occupational heat stress and better inform future heat safety recommendations to protect all workers, future studies must focus on addressing these limitations. Employers, supervisors, and other safety stakeholders should consider these limitations while implementing current heat safety recommendations.
Improving the Precision of Multiparameter Estimation in the Teleportation of Qutrit under Amplitude Damping Noise
Authors: Li Yan‐Ling , Zeng Yi‐Bo , Yao Lin , Xiao Xing
Published: February 2023

Since the initial discovery of quantum teleportation, it is devoted to transferring unknown quantum states from one party to another distant partner. However, in the scenarios of remote sensing, what people truly care about is the information carried by certain parameters. The problem of multiparameter estimation in the framework of qutrit teleportation under amplitude damping (AD) noise is studied. Particularly, two schemes are proposed to battle against AD noise and enhance the precision of multiparameter estimation by utilizing weak measurement (WM) and environment‐assisted measurement (EAM). For two‐phase parameters encoded in a qutrit state, the analytical formulas of the quantum Fisher information matrix can be obtained. The results prove that the scheme of EAM outperforms the WM one in the improvements of both independent and simultaneous estimation precision. Remarkably, the EAM scheme can completely ensure the estimation precision against the contamination by AD noise. The reason should be attributed to the fact that EAM is carried out after the AD noise. Thus, it extracts information from both the system and the environment. The findings show that the techniques of WM and EAM are helpful for remote quantum sensing and can be generalized to other qutrit‐based quantum information tasks under AD decoherence.
Emergence of Classicality in Stern–Gerlach Experiment via Self‐Gravity
Authors: Sahoo Sourav Kesharee , Vathsan Radhika , Qureshi Tabish
Published: February 2023

Emergence of classicality from quantum mechanics, a hotly debated topic, has had no satisfactory resolution so far. Various approaches including decoherence and gravitational interactions have been suggested. In the present work, the Schrödinger–Newton model is used to study the role of semi‐classical self‐gravity in the evolution of massive spin‐1/2 particles in a Stern‐Gerlach experiment. For small mass, evolution of the initial wavepacket in a spin superposition shows a splitting in the magnetic field gradient into two trajectories as in the standard Stern–Gerlach experiment. For larger mass, the deviations from the central path are less than in the standard Stern–Gerlach case, while for high enough mass, the wavepacket does not split, and instead follows the classical trajectory for a magnetic moment in inhomogeneous magnetic field. This indicates the emergence of classicality due to self‐gravitational interaction when the mass is increased. In contrast, decoherence which is a strong contender for emergence of classicality, leads to a mixed state of two trajectories corresponding to the spin‐up and spin‐down states, and not the classically expected path. The classically expected path of the particle probably cannot be explained even in the many‐worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. Stern–Gerlach experiments in the macroscopic domain are needed to settle this question.
Engineering a Copper Single‐Atom Electron Bridge to Achieve Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion
Authors: Wang Gang , Wu Yan , Li Zhujie , Lou Zaizhu , Chen Qingqing , Li Yifan , Wang Dingsheng , Mao Junjie
Published: February 2023

Developing highly efficient and stable photocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) remains a great challenge. We designed a Z‐Scheme photocatalyst with N−Cu1−S single‐atom electron bridge (denoted as Cu‐SAEB), which was used to mediate the CO2RR. The production of CO and O2 over Cu‐SAEB is as high as 236.0 and 120.1 μmol g−1 h−1 in the absence of sacrificial agents, respectively, outperforming most previously reported photocatalysts. Notably, the as‐designed Cu‐SAEB is highly stable throughout 30 reaction cycles, totaling 300 h, owing to the strengthened contact interface of Cu‐SAEB, and mediated by the N−Cu1−S atomic structure. Experimental and theoretical calculations indicated that the SAEB greatly promoted the Z‐scheme interfacial charge‐transport process, thus leading to great enhancement of the photocatalytic CO2RR of Cu‐SAEB. This work represents a promising platform for the development of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts that have potential in CO2 conversion applications.
A novel azo‐azomethine benzoxazole‐based ligand and its transition metal (II), (III), (IV) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, biological evaluation, and catalytic application
Authors: Bakr Eman A. , Atteya Elsayed H. , Al‐Hefnawy Gad B. , El‐Attar Heba G. , El‐Gamil Mohammed M.
Published: February 2023

This work describes the synthesis of a novel multiple dentation azo‐Schiff base dye 2‐((3‐((5‐chlorobenzo[d]oxazol‐2‐yl)diazenyl)‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)amino)pyridin‐3‐ol (H2L) based mixed heterocyclic bnzoxazole and pyridine moieties in facile two successive steps approach. Firstly is the synthesis of start azo dye 3‐((5‐chlorobenzo[d]oxazol‐2‐yl)diazenyl)‐4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (CBOAHB) followed by condensation with 3‐hydroxy 2‐amino pyridine. It's novel binuclear Ni (II), Cu (II), Ru (III), and Zr (IV) 2:1 metal‐to‐ligand stoichiometric complexes were synthesized and characterized via various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The data showed the paramagnetic Ni2+ complex has tetrahedral geometry, while the Cu2+, Ru3+, and diamagnetic Zr4+ complexes have octahedral geometrical structures. Data of the crystallinity, morphology, and average particle size showed that Cu2+ and Ru3+ complexes were formed at the nanoscale. The geometrical structures according to 3D molecular modeling are in good agreement with those proposed by the experiments. The azo start CBOAHB, H2L, and its metal complexes have been examined for their biological and catalytic features. The Zr4+ complex manifested higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the ligand H2L exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the Ni2+ complex showed higher antifungal activity against Candida albicans (C. Albicans). The anticancer activity was evaluated against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG‐2), colorectal carcinoma (HCT‐116), and human breast carcinoma (MCF‐7). The ligand H2L has very strong cytotoxicity toward HepG‐2 cells, Ni (II) complex has the strongest cytotoxicity against HCT‐116 cells and Zr (VI) has the strongest cytotoxicity against MCF‐7 cells. The findings of antioxidant activity are in perfect accord with those obtained from anticancer. The heterogeneous catalytic activity was examined for the reduction of Direct Blue 14 dye. Ru (III) complex and Cu (II) complex achieved the highest catalytic activity with the highest degradation % and within a very short time did not exceed 3 min.
Synthesis of Si‐O‐Si bridged diamido Group 4 complexes and the applications to polymerization of olefins
Authors: Wei Chuanzhi , Gao Yuli , Zu Fenghua , Cui Chunming
Published: February 2023

Titanium, zirconium, and hafnium complexes O[Me2Si(Dip)N]2MCl2 [Dip = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3; M = Ti (1), Zr (2), Hf (3)], O[Me2Si(tBu)N]2ZrCl2 (4), and O[iPr2Si(Dip)N]2ZrCl2 (5) supported by Si‐O‐Si bridged diamido ligands were synthesized. X‐ray diffraction analysis disclosed that complex 2 displays a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Complexes 1–5, upon the activation with sMAO, exhibited diverse catalytic performance for the polymerization of ethylene and copolymerization of ethylene with norbornene or 1‐octene. For ethylene homopolymerization, both complexes 1–2 are good catalysts giving polymer with high molecular weight and narrow polydispersities. Complex 2 catalyzed copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐octene exhibiting high catalytic activity but with norbornene showing moderate activity, affording corresponding high molecular weight copolymers with relatively high comonomer incorporations of 11% and 29%, respectively.
Responding to the healthcare workforce shortage: A scoping review exploring anatomical pathologists' professional identities over time
Authors: Rozario Shemona Y. , Sarkar Mahbub , Farlie Melanie K. , Lazarus Michelle D.
Published: February 2023

Anatomical pathology (AP) is an anatomy‐centric medical specialty devoted to tissue‐based diagnosis of disease. The field faces a current and predicted workforce shortage, likely increasing diagnostic wait times and delaying patient access to urgent treatment. A lack of AP exposure is proposed to preclude recruitment to the field, as medical students are afforded only a limited understanding of who a pathologist is and what they do (their professional identity/PI and role). Anatomical sciences educators may be well placed to increase student understanding of anatomical pathologists' PI features, but until features of anatomical pathologists' PI are understood, recommendations for anatomy educators are premature. Thus, this scoping review asked: “What are the professional identity features of anatomical pathologists reported in the literature, and how have these changed over time?” A six‐stage scoping review was performed. Medline and PubMed, Global Health, and Embase were used to identify relevant studies (n = 74). Team‐based framework analysis identified that features of anatomical pathologists' professional identity encompass five overarching themes: professional practice, views about the role, training and education, personal implications, and technology. Technology was identified as an important theme of anatomical pathologists' PI, as it intersected with many other PI feature themes, including diagnosis and collaboration. This review found that pathologists may sometimes perceive professional competition with technology, such as artificial intelligence. These findings suggest unique opportunities for integrating AP‐specific PI features into anatomy teaching, which may foster student interest in AP, and potentially increase recruitment into the field.
Supported Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Synthesis of 2‐(Alkylamino/amino)‐3‐arylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones Employing CO Source
Authors: Shaifali  , Sharma Poonam , Mehara Pushkar , Das Pralay
Published: February 2023

Herein, we demonstrated heterogeneous and recyclable polystyrene‐supported palladium (Pd@PS) nanoparticles (NPs) catalyzed tandem addition and intramolecular aminocarbonylative cyclization approach for the synthesis of potentially bioactive 2‐(alkylamino/amino)‐3‐arylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one analogues from 2‐iodophenylcarbodiimides employing amines as nucleophiles and oxalic acid as an ex‐situ CO alternative. Various cyclic/acyclic primary and secondary amines were employed and selectively produced substituted 2‐(alkylamino)‐3‐arylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones in good to excellent yields. In addition, we extended the developed strategy to fix two ammonium carbamate and oxalic acid as gaseous NH3 and CO sources respectively, for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐3‐arylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives. Furthermore, gram scale applicability, diverse substrate scope and high recyclability of the Pd@PS catalyst were the major achievements of the developed protocol.