bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational Gradients in Work-Related Insecurity and Health: Interrogating the Links
Authors: Scott-Marshall Heather
Published: March 2019

Traditional work-related securities that constitute the career-job model of employment have been in steep decline for several decades, affecting workers across industries and occupations. Still, insecure employment remains unequally distributed across the working population according to the major axes of social stratification, namely age, gender, race, and socioeconomic class. This study investigates patterns of exposure to work-related insecurity across the occupational hierarchy and whether these contribute to occupational gradients in health outcomes. Drawing on data from a national panel survey of the Canadian workforce, a multilevel growth curve modeling approach is used to examine the relationship between work-insecurity exposures and workers’ self-rated health trajectories over 5 years. Findings show that work-related insecurity is associated with declines in self-rated health, although the type of insecurity as well as the magnitude, direction, and duration of the effect varies by occupational status-position. The application of pseudo-R2 tests confirmed this study’s central hypothesis that gradients in health outcomes across occupational hierarchies are due, in part, to differences in exposure to work-related insecurity. Going forward, the development of effective health promotion interventions that can modify work-related health gradients, must work toward mitigating the risk of exposure to adverse work circumstances that is systemic to occupational hierarchies.
The Relationship Between Public Sector Employment and Population Health: Evidence From the 1980s and Its Contemporary Implications
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wu Qingjun
Published: March 2019

This article explores the relationship between public sector employment and population health both theoretically and quantitatively. First, we build a theoretical framework to situate public employment in the literature that explores the link between politics and health. We argue that public employment, as an instrument of pro-redistributive policies in both the labor market and the welfare state, improves equality and ultimately health. Second, based on a cross-country dataset from the 1980s, and by applying regression analysis and outlier identification techniques, we find that population health measured by life expectancy improves with the size of public employment. The association is stronger for countries with lower income and for women. When policymakers contemplate downsizing state enterprises and government functions, they should consider the health effect of public employment.
Conductor Expressivity Affects Evaluation of Rehearsal Instruction
Authors: Montemayor Mark , Silvey Brian A.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of conductor expressivity on the evaluation of rehearsal instruction. We video recorded two conductors in rehearsal with a university band. We extracted a 3.5-min excerpt of their rehearsals that featured alternation between conductor talk and expressive conducting. For one of the conductors (the “experimental” conductor), we also re-recorded the same rehearsal excerpt with the conductor using unexpressive gestures. In postproduction, we created two versions of the experimental conductor’s rehearsal—one unaltered and the other altered to show unexpressive conducting gestures. The footage of the experimental conductor’s verbal instruction was identical in both versions. Collegiate musicians ( N = 134) viewed the rehearsal excerpts of both the experimental conductor (either expressive or unexpressive) and the control conductor and evaluated both conductors on eight criteria related to instructional effectiveness. Significant differences were found between conditions in the composite evaluations of the experimental conductor. Further inspection revealed significantly higher evaluations favoring the expressive condition on seven of the eight criteria. Notable among these results is the influence of expressive gesture on the perception of distinctly verbal conductor behaviors. We suggest this may indicate the inseparability of gestural and verbal aspects of rehearsal instruction.
Teaching Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder to Use Metacognitive Strategies
Authors: Makela Marnie L. , Pei Jacqueline R. , Kerns Kimberly A. , MacSween Jennifer V. , Kapasi Aamena , Rasmussen Carmen
Published: March 2019

Metacognitive training is an emerging cognitive intervention for children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) that teaches children to think about their thinking and use strategies to improve learning and regulation. We investigated how children with FASD acquired metacognitive strategies during a computerized intervention delivered in a school setting. The number, type, and process of strategy acquisition were recorded for seven children with FASD during the intervention. As an indication of strategy learning, we recorded prompted and spontaneous strategy use over time. Children with FASD were found to use a total of 26 different metacognitive strategies, with eight strategies used spontaneously by all participants. Participants demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of different prompted strategies and a significant increase in the number of spontaneous strategies used over the course of the intervention. Implications for the use of a metacognitive approach for students with FASD are discussed, emphasizing the value of a strength-based approach.
In Search of Decolonial Eschatology
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J. , Kaunda Mutale M.
Published: March 2019

Situated within relational spirituality, the article suggests a possibility of decolonizing the eschatological future from a Bemba futuristic perspective. It argues that in order to reorder social relations for life-giving of any former colonized group, their vision of the future must be decolonized and brought into dialogue with the missio Christi which encapsulates an eschato-decolonial vision. Eschato-decolonial future is proposed an option articulation of the vision of the future informed by Bemba notion of relational future.
The Ground of Covenant Community and the Righteous Scandal of Christian Love for the World
Authors: Samuel Logan James
Published: March 2019

The Ground of Covenant Community lies in the Righteous Scandal of Christian Love for the World. And Jesus is the Most Supreme Scandal to which Christians owe their devotion, that is, their active faith and fidelity in the form of a rugged and sublime love for “the least of these” in temporal life and history.
Contemplating a Doughnut
Authors: Dailey Erik W.
Published: March 2019

The smell of sugar and fried dough wafts through the air. For some, this is an aroma synonymous with church, but should churches serve doughnuts during fellowship time after the worship service? To begin to answer this question, this article will present and analyze three current offerings of food theology: Joel R. Soza’s Food and God (2009), Douglas Wilson’s Confessions of a Food Catholic (2016), and Norman Wirzba’s Food and Faith (2011). It will briefly outline the theological framework each author presents for understanding food and its consumption, and provide subsequent inferences toward the question of doughnuts. The article concludes with a liturgically minded praxis for fellowship-hour food and its connection to God’s wider mission.
Light that Conquers the Darkness
Authors: Kibbe Michael H.
Published: March 2019

Oscar Romero’s homilies on the transfiguration of Jesus offer a unique window into his way of reading Scripture as a churchman seeking to bring the gospel to bear on his historical moment. For Romero, the light that shone in the face of Jesus on the mountain must shine through the church in the dark places of the world as the church follows the same road as its Lord: the road that ends in glory but first endures the cross.
Narrative Theology, Revelation, and the Road towards a Theological Media Theory
Authors: Štěch František
Published: March 2019

This article opens the road towards a theological media theory by discussing developments in narrative theology. Human stories are messages encoded in the medium of language, and narrative theology has rediscovered their importance for theology, especially in connection with the meaning of revelation. Understanding revelation as symbolic communication, mediation and “resonance” helps us to see how narrative and revelation merge within a concept of auto/Theo-biography. Before people are able to reflect upon revelation, they are already a part of it. Auto/Theo-biography suggests that theology is animated communication, growing from the interplay between participation and mediation. This calls for study of the medium and of mediation from a theological perspective, which may be a first step towards a theological media theory.
Spatial selectivity and intercity cooperation between Guangdong and Hong Kong
Authors: Zhong Yun , Su Xiaobo
Published: March 2019

City-regionalism plays an increasingly important role in China’s economic development. This paper analyses new forms of institutional arrangements that promote city-regional governance in the case of Hong Kong and Guangdong. Focusing on implementing the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA), we examine two research questions: Why are Guangdong and cities in the PRD strategically selected to implement CEPA and embed Hong Kong-based circulatory capital? How do governments at different scales build coordinated relationships to implement CEPA? Building upon the literature on state rescaling, we argue that governments have engaged in a scalar division of administration – a form of institutional infrastructure that aims to design and implement state strategies of urban and regional development. Within this division, the national government plays a role in steering and decision-making, Guangdong provincial government in coordination and facilitation, and urban governments in Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Zhuhai in actual implementation. CEPA implementation is built upon vertical linkages between governments at different levels in the Mainland and HKSAR government, and horizontal linkages between three free trade subzones (Qianhai, Nansha, and Hengqin) and Hong Kong-based firms and entrepreneurs.
Local governments’ indebtedness and its impact on real estate prices
Authors: Micheli Martin
Published: March 2019

This paper estimates the causal effect of public debt on real estate prices and rental prices. We identify shocks to debt of self-governed cities in Germany and control for potential benefits such as an increased supply of public goods, which may come together with increased indebtedness. Using spatial variation across self-governed cities, we can quantify the causal effect. We find that shocks to public debt capitalise into property prices, questioning the presence of debt illusion in Germany. Rental prices, on the other hand, do not seem affected by public debt but by the actual tax burden, indicating that renter illusion does not reflect an illusion but rational behaviour.
Bayesian Two-level Model for Repeated Partially Ordered Responses: Application to Adolescent Smoking Behavior Analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Wu Haotian , Feng Xiangnan , Song Xinyuan
Published: March 2019

Given the questionnaire design and the nature of the problem, partially ordered data that are neither completely ordered nor completely unordered are frequently encountered in social, behavioral, and medical studies. However, early developments in partially ordered data analysis are very limited and restricted only to cross-sectional data. In this study, we propose a Bayesian two-level regression model for analyzing repeated partially ordered responses in longitudinal data. The first-level model is defined for partially ordered observations of interest that are taken at each time point nested within individuals, while the second-level model is defined for individuals to assess the effects of their characteristics on the first-level model. A full Bayesian approach with the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is developed for statistical inference. Simulation studies demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the developed methodology. The methodology is then applied to a longitudinal study on adolescent smoking behavior.
Making a Modern Barrio: Infrastructure and Progress in Mexico City, 1900-1903
Authors: Konove Andrew
Published: March 2019

This article investigates an urban renewal project in Mexico City that took place between 1900 and 1903 under the leadership of the mayor Guillermo de Landa y Escandón. Unlike the efforts of Mexico’s national government, which focused on the capital’s urban core, this project sought to bring public services, including paved streets and sidewalks, water and sewer lines, and parks to the city’s marginalized periphery. In studying this campaign, thus far overlooked by historians, the article explores the relationship between urban planning, local and national politics, and inequality in Mexico at the turn of the nineteenth century, arguing that the project’s ultimate failure stemmed from both fiscal constraints and political reforms that consolidated power in the capital city under President Porfirio Díaz. It also compares the project to contemporaneous urban renewal schemes elsewhere in the Americas, revealing commonalities between Landa y Escandón’s plans, the North American City Beautiful movement, and projects in South America while highlighting important differences.
Rational skivers or desperate strivers? The problematisation of fraud in the Irish social protection system
Authors: Gaffney Stephen , Millar Michelle
Published: March 2019

The Irish social protection system has taken an increasingly workfarist turn in the post-crisis era. Concurrently, ‘welfare fraud’ emerged as a contentious political issue, leading some commentators to argue certain groups of welfare claimants have been cast as ‘scapegoats’ for widely experienced financial hardship. This article brings these two points of inquiry together for the first time by critically engaging with two anti-fraud strategy policy documents, from 2011 and 2014 respectively, using a Foucauldian inspired policy analysis methodology called ‘What’s the problem represented to be?’ We find the practices outlined in these documents predominantly problematise fraud as an act carried out by entrepreneurial ‘rational actors’ – silencing alternative problematisations of abuse and error. Furthermore, welfare claimants are constituted as subjects under constant surveillance, reinforcing the workfarist turn, but also potentially serving to undermine the legitimacy of the welfare system in the eyes of both claimants and wider society.
Clinical superiority of an innovative two-component compression system versus four-component compression system in treatment of active venous leg ulcers: A randomized trial
Authors: Gillet Jean L , Guex Jean J , Allaert François A , Avouac Bernard , Leger Philippe , Blaise Sophie , Marchand Angélique , Maillard Hervé , Simon Magali , Amor Cyrine B , Pasqualini Marion
Published: March 2019

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy, safety and acceptability of an innovative two-component versus a well-established four-component compression systems in the management of venous leg ulcer.

Method

Multicentre randomized controlled trial in patients with active venous leg ulcer. Patients were followed-up monthly for a maximum of 16 weeks. The primary endpoint was the complete healing rate at 16 weeks.

Results

Ninety-two patients were randomized to either the two-component BIFLEX® Kit group ( n = 49) or the four-component PROFORE® group ( n = 43). In the full analysis set ( n = 88), a complete healing rate of 48.9% and 24.4% was reported in BIFLEX® Kit versus PROFORE® groups, respectively (i.e. a superiority of 24.5%, p = 0.02). Acceptability of BIFLEX® Kit was higher from both the patients’ and physicians’ perspectives.

Conclusion

The BIFLEX® Kit represents a valid alternative therapy in the management of venous leg ulcer according to its clinical efficacy, safety and acceptability with potential positive impacts on healthcare costs.
A State System Framework for High-Quality Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education
Authors: Kasprzak Christina , Hebbeler Kathleen , Spiker Donna , McCullough Katy , Lucas Anne , Walsh Sharon , Swett Judy , Smith Barbara J. , Kelley Grace , Whaley Kathy T. , Pletcher Lynda , Cate Debbie , Peters Mary , Ayankoya Betsy C. , Bruder Mary Beth
Published: March 2019

The Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center used a rigorous 2-year collaborative process to develop, test, and revise a conceptual framework for high-quality state early intervention (EI) and early childhood special education (ECSE) systems. The framework identifies six critical components of a state system and what constitutes quality in each component. This new conceptual framework addresses the critical need to articulate what constitutes quality in state EI and ECSE systems. The framework and companion self-assessment are designed for state leaders to use in their efforts to evaluate and improve state systems to implement more effective services for infants and young children with disabilities and their families. This article describes the contents of the framework and the processes used to ensure that the framework incorporated current research, was relevant to all states, and was useful for systems improvement.
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Crack Initiation and Propagation in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements
Authors: de Salles Lucio Salles , Khazanovich Lev , Balbo José Tadeu
Published: March 2019

Transverse crack pattern significantly affects performance of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP). However, field and modeled crack spacing are based on visual surveys of fully developed transverse cracks visible on the slab surface. Because of the difficulties in detecting incipient cracks in concrete slabs, the effect that such cracks may have on CRCP performance is not currently considered. To address this issue, this paper presents a non-destructive evaluation methodology based on an ultrasonic linear-array system for detection of incipient cracks in CRCP slabs. Two ultrasonic signal-processing techniques were used. First, the Hilbert Transform Indicator was used to identify the presence of damage in the concrete slab indicating potential crack locations. Then ultrasonic image reconstructions of these locations were used to further evaluate crack presence. The methodology was applied to four sections of an experimental short CRCP composed of 50-m long slabs – short in comparison to traditional CRCP. The locations of 58 potential incipient cracks were identified updating the short CRCP crack spacing; 10 of these incipient cracks were confirmed as surface-visible cracks in later visual surveys. Additionally, the methodology shows potential to detect undesired crack patterns such as cluster and Y-cracking before the cracks emerge on the slab surface.
Factors Affecting the Tracking Performance of Tack Coat Materials
Authors: Lv Quan , Bahia Hussain U.
Published: March 2019

One commonly encountered problem with tack coats is the pickup of the tack coat material by haul trucks after placement, which is called tracking. In this study, the bitumen bond strength (BBS) test and loaded wheel tracking test (LWTT) are used to evaluate the tracking performance of the tack coat emulsion considering simulating the tire pressure in the field. The effect of critical factors including humidity, curing temperature and time, and residue application rate and dilution rate on the tracking performance of different tack coats were investigated. Results show that the tracking performance of the tack coat is dependent somewhat on the curing rate of the emulsion, but more importantly on the rheological properties of the residue. It is found that for all emulsions tested, water evaporation or curing happens in a very short time, as the applied layer is very thin in tack coat applications. However, if the rheological properties are not stiff enough, tracking will continue even after completion of water evaporation. In addition, both the modified BBS test (AASHTO T361) and LWTT (ASTM D6372) revealed that a minimum threshold for the G*/sinδ of the residue exists above which the tack coat become trackless. This minimum value is associated with a given temperature depending on the rheological properties of the emulsion residue. In other words, there is an equi-stiffness temperature at which all emulsions become trackless. A range of G*/sinδ values of 10–18 kPa was identified as the threshold above which an emulsion residue could transform to trackless.
Management of aluminium packaging waste in selected European countries
Authors: Warrings R , Fellner J
Published: March 2019

By the end of 2025, a minimum of 50% of aluminium packaging waste has to be recycled within the Member States of the European Union. Aluminium packaging can be recovered through different systems (separate collection, deposit refund systems, informal collection, treatment of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash or mechanical treatment of mixed municipal solid waste). The present article analysed if the agreed targets for the recycling and reuse of aluminium packaging are reasonable and realistic. To this end, the management of aluminium packaging in 16 selected European countries, yielding results for 11 countries, were investigated. The results show that six out of 11 countries recycle at least two-thirds of the aluminium packaging from MSW and only two report very low recycling rates of 20%. The overall recycling rate reported by the different countries cannot be directly linked to the system of recovery. Only the assertion that a deposit refund system together with selective collection leads to a higher overall collection rate seems permissible. This does not necessarily lead to a higher recycling rate as other countries with similarly high recycling rates make up for it with high amounts of aluminium recovered from bottom ash treatment. A direct comparison of the recycling rates within the European Union Member States, however, is problematic for several reasons, such as data that are often differently or incorrectly assigned, incomplete or rely on estimations and assumptions. The authors therefore propose a clearer assignment of the corresponding data and more extensive mandatory reporting on losses and shares of non-packaging, imported and exported waste.
Recycling policy and statistical model of end-of-life vehicles in China
Authors: Yu Linfeng , Chen Ming , Yang Bin
Published: March 2019

In China, the number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) has reached an era of exponential growth because of continuous vehicle sales. The Chinese government has guided trends in the ELV recycling industry by implementing various recycling policies and expects most ELVs to be legally treated by licensed companies. The effects of subsidy policies are remarkable, and it was found that the effective adjustment of the subsidy is beneficial in increasing the recovery rate of ELVs without additional financial burden. Just as objects have their own end-of-life laws, different vehicle types have different life distribution curves and they are slightly influenced by government policies, especially subsidy policies. The aim of the study is to establish the logistics distribution functions for the passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles on the basis of the service years of 220,000 ELVs from 2012 to 2016 in Shanghai, and use a statistical model to predict and analyze the future trend of the number of the ELVs in China. Forecasts show that the number of ELVs in China will surpass 10 million in 2023.
Temperature monitoring during a water-injection test using a vertical well in a newly filled MSW layer of a landfill
Authors: Zhang Tao , Shi Jianyong , Qian Xuede , Ai Yingbo
Published: March 2019

High temperature may adversely affect municipal solid waste (MSW) biodegradation and lead to an increase in the deformation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes used for the collection of leachate and landfill gas in landfills. The test in this study was to change the waste temperature around the vertical injection well by water injection using a vertical well. The test was conducted intermittently with two different flowrates in a newly filled MSW layer of a landfill. The temperature, gas pressure and leachate level in the test area were simultaneously monitored during this study. The results showed that the waste temperature around the vertical injection well was effectively changed by water injection, which did not result in a significant rise in the leachate level. During water injection, the waste temperature influence distance in the horizontal direction increased with depth from the leachate level to the bottom of the injection well. The bottom temperature of the injection well decreased to near the water-injection temperature. The range of influence of the waste temperature caused by intermittent water injections slightly increased in this test. After water injection was stopped, the waste temperature near the vertical injection well increased quickly initially, and then the increments became more gradual with time. When the leachate level recovered stably, there was still a temperature gradient around the injection well within the range of influence. The temperature and gas pressure in the waste above the leachate level and far away from the injection well were slightly influenced by water injection.
Outcomes in Medical Intensive Care Patients Housed in Geographically Distant Units
Authors: Lazar Michael H. , Moscoso Eric Espinoza , Jennings Jeffrey H.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to determine whether in patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU) service there are outcome differences between those in a medical ICU bed (“home”) and a geographically distant subspecialty ICU bed (“overflow”).

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of 4091 patients admitted to a medical ICU of a large tertiary-care urban teaching hospital. Depending on bed availability, some patients were housed in surgical or cardiac subspecialty ICUs while still being cared for by the primary medical ICU service. We assessed the association of these overflow patients with readmission rates and ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS). Potential differences in care was assessed by measuring the number of central line days, urinary catheter days, and ventilator days.

Results:

Of the 4091 consecutive patients admitted to the medical ICU, 362 (9%) were housed in an overflow ICU and 3729 (91%) were home patients. There was no difference in demographics, patient characteristics, ICU admission diagnosis, or risk of mortality between the 2 groups. Compared to home patients, overflow patients had a higher rate of readmission to the ICU (10.5% vs 6.63% respectively P = .006), a slightly shorter ICU LOS (median 2 [interquartile range, IQR: 1-4] days versus home group of 2 [IQR: 1-5] days; P = .001), and a slightly longer hospital LOS (overflow 7 [IQR: 4-17] days vs home 7 [IQR: 4-13] days, P = .001). There was no differences in number of central venous catheter days, urinary catheter days, ventilator days, or mortality.

Conclusions:

Medical ICU patients who are housed in ICUs geographically distant from the primary team’s location have increased morbidity when compared to patients admitted to the home ICU. However, there are no differences in number of central venous catheter days, urinary catheter days, ventilator days, or mortality.
Maintaining Breastfeeding During Severe Infant and Maternal HSV-1 Infection: A Case Report
Authors: D’Andrea Margaret A. , Spatz Diane L.
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Childbearing women with primary or secondary Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 infection are at risk of transmitting neonatal herpes infection to their infants; a medical emergency that is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Neonatal herpes infection has been commonly associated with Herpes Simplex Virus type 2, or genital herpes, but can be caused by either subtype and the presentations are indistinguishable. This case describes the course of diagnosis, treatment, and recovery for a mother and infant during a severe maternal and neonatal herpes infection, and how lactation was maintained and breastfeeding re-established. Our children’s hospital coordinated its efforts to assist and monitor this breastfeeding family, and they were able to resume breastfeeding soon after discharge. It is our opinion that it is imperative that mothers receive evidence-based lactation care to maintain their breastfeeding relationship during extended hospital stays.

Main Issue:

An acutely ill infant was admitted to our urban children’s hospital with severe neonatal herpes infection for a total of 3 weeks. His mother was severely affected on her breasts and she required a brief hospitalization. The mother’s breasts were covered with draining herpetic lesions that required daily dressing changes. However, her lesions were slow to heal, and a wound care consultation was facilitated and her treatment plan was adjusted. We were surprised that she experienced minimal discomfort with pumping and dressing changes. The mother maintained a positive outlook, complied with the plan to express frequently to maintain milk production, and was able to breastfeed again when they both recovered.

Management:

This mother received immediate support and appropriate pumping equipment from our hospital personnel and was subsequently able to establish and maintain her milk supply. The difficulty in this case was the management of the mother’s extensive herpetic wounds that were slow to heal. A certified wound care specialist was required. Both mother and child recovered from their infections and were able to restart breastfeeding; eventually reaching their goal of breastfeeding for 2 years.

Conclusions:

Neonatal herpes infection is a potentially fatal disease and maternal child health professionals should have a high suspicion for any ill-appearing newborn with or without a rash. When a breastfeeding infant and mother become infected with Herpes Simplex Virus type 1, it is the responsibility of the healthcare institution to support lactation and the return to breastfeeding rather than recommend cessation of lactation, which is rarely necessary. A multi-disciplinary evidence-based approach to lactation care is essential to preserve lactation during infant hospitalization.
Prenatal Provider Support for Breastfeeding: Changes in Attitudes, Practices and Recommendations Over 22 Years
Authors: Rosen-Carole Casey , Allen Katherine , Thompson Julissa , Martin Hayley , Goldstein Nicolas , Lawrence Ruth A.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Prenatal care providers play a central role in breastfeeding outcomes. A survey on obstetricians’ support of breastfeeding was conducted in 1993 in Monroe County, NY. Since the landscape of prenatal care and breastfeeding support has changed significantly in the past 2 decades, we repeated and extended this survey in 2015.

Research aim:

To determine changes in breastfeeding support by prenatal care providers over a 20 year period.

Methods:

We sent a 46-item on-line or paper questionnaire to all categories of prenatal care providers identified by an online search. A breastfeeding support score was created based on the prior survey, with a maximum score of 3. One point was awarded for: (1) personally discussing breastfeeding; (2) generally suggesting breastfeeding; and (3) commonly receiving questions from patients. Data were analyzed using Chi-square.

Results:

We had 164 participants (response rate 80%). More current participants, compared to 1993, reported discussing (97% vs. 86%, p < .001) and recommending (93% vs. 80%, p = .001) breastfeeding. Only 10% of 2015 participants gave infant formula samples, compared with 34% in 1993 ( p < .0001). Improvement in the support score was seen, with 98% of current participants having high scores compared to 87% in 1993 ( p < .001). Similar numbers reported receiving breastfeeding education, though more reported that the education was inadequate (54% vs. 19%, p < .0001).

Conclusion:

Breastfeeding support improved significantly over time, even though breastfeeding education has not improved in quality or quantity. Improving education of prenatal care providers may help future providers be more prepared to support breastfeeding.
Investigation on the stress field of milling titanium alloys with micro-textured ball-end milling cutter
Authors: Yang Shucai , He Chunsheng , Zheng Minli
Published: March 2019

In the milling of titanium alloy, the distribution of milling force and its related law of change seriously affect the physical properties of workpiece materials, the stress distribution on a cutter’s rake face and the interaction between the workpiece, the cutter and the chip. This article reports on a study of the stress field distribution under the conditions of anti-friction and anti-wear when cutting titanium alloy with a micro-textured ball-end milling cutter. Milling test data were used to establish empirical models of milling force and the contact area between the cutter and the chip. Based on this, the force density function of the cutter coordinate system was obtained and the equivalent stress and displacement of the cutter were simulated and analyzed. This in turn provided the means to acquire the instantaneous stress and strain relating to the cutter at any time. Analysis of the simulation results shows that the position in which the stress and strain are concentrated on the cutter is consistent with actual processing. This confirms the accuracy of the force density function and provides the basis for further study of thermo-mechanical coupling behaviors when engaged in using micro-textured ball-end milling cutters for the cutting of titanium.
BiGlobal stability analysis of the wake behind an isolated roughness element in hypersonic flow
Authors: Montero Iván Padilla , Pinna Fabio
Published: March 2019

Numerical results are presented for the stability analysis of the wake induced by a cuboidal roughness element mounted on a flat plate inside a Mach 6 freestream. Linear BiGlobal stability calculations are carried out for a single frequency on a spanwise plane located behind the roughness, using base flows obtained from laminar Navier–Stokes simulations. The results show that the Mack mode is the most unstable perturbation growing in the boundary layer, followed by varicose and sinuous deformations of the low-velocity streak that characterizes the wake flow structure. The shock wave induced at the leading edge of the flat plate is found to have a significant stabilizing effect on the flow field. The use of a higher wall temperature stabilizes the Mack mode but increases the growth rate of the varicose perturbation.
MicroRNA from a 12-h versus 20-h acetylcysteine infusion for paracetamol overdose
Authors: Wong A , Nejad C , Gantier M , Choy KW , Doery James , Graudins A
Published: March 2019

Paracetamol overdose is common and microRNA (miR)-122 expression is increased with liver injury. We aimed to measure miR-122 in the setting of an abbreviated paracetamol overdose treatment regimen. We compared miRNA expression in patients treated for paracetamol poisoning with an abbreviated 12-h intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (200 mg/kg over 4 h, 50 mg/kg over 8 h) or a 20-h regimen (200 mg/kg over 4 h, 100 mg/kg over 16 h) (NACSTOP trial). miR-122 expression is increased (decreased cycle threshold (Ct) values) with paracetamol liver injury. We assessed miR-122 expression in patients receiving the two acetylcysteine regimens and in a separate group with acute liver injury (ALI). We examined 121 blood samples in 38 patients. After 20 h of acetylcysteine, median alanine transaminase (ALT) was 12 U/L (18, 14) versus 16 U/L (11, 21) ( p = 0.17) and median miR-122 Ct was 30.1 (interquartile range (IQR): 28.9, 33.3) versus 31.4 (28.9, 33.9) ( p = 0.7) in the NACSTOP abbreviated and control groups, respectively. Median normalized miR-122 Ct after 20 h of acetylcysteine was 2.2 (IQR 1.9, 6.4), 1.1 (0.7, 2.9), 63.9 (2.5, 168), 123.2 (40.9, 207.8) in the NACSTOP-abbreviated, NACSTOP-control, ALI and hepatotoxicity groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in ALT or miRNA between NACSTOP treatment groups and no signal of increased liver injury from an abbreviated 12-h acetylcysteine regimen. These findings suggest that an abbreviated acetylcysteine regimen in low-risk patients who have overdosed on paracetamol is safe. Further study is required to validate this finding utilizing miRNA as a comparative biomarker.
Sodium/Hydrogen Exchanger 1 Participates in Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage both in vivo and in vitro via Promoting Neuronal Apoptosis
Authors: Song Huangcheng , Yuan Shuai , Zhang Zhuwei , Zhang Juyi , Zhang Peng , Cao Jie , Li Haiying , Li Xiang , Shen Haitao , Wang Zhong , Chen Gang
Published: March 2019

Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) plays an essential role in maintaining intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) under physiological conditions, and it is also associated with neuronal death and intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ overload induced by cerebral ischemia. However, its roles and underlying mechanisms in early brain injury (EBI) induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have not been fully explored. In this research, a SAH model in adult male rat was established through injecting autologous arterial blood into prechiasmatic cistern. Meanwhile, primary cultured cortical neurons of rat treated with 5 μM oxygen hemoglobin (OxyHb) for 24 h were applied to mimic SAH in vitro. We find that the protein levels of NHE1 are significantly increased in brain tissues of rats after SAH. Downregulation of NHE1 by HOE642 (a specific chemical inhibitor of NHE1) and genetic-knockdown can effectively alleviate behavioral and cognitive dysfunction, brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury, inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, neurondegeneration, and neuronal apoptosis, all of which are involved in EBI following SAH. However, upregulation of NHE1 by genetic-overexpression can produce opposite effects. Additionally, inhibiting NHE1 significantly attenuates OxyHb-induced neuronal apoptosis in vitro and reduces interaction of NHE1 and CHP1 both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, we can conclude that NHE1 participates in EBI induced by SAH through mediating inflammation, oxidative stress, behavioral and cognitive dysfunction, BBB injury, brain edema, and promoting neuronal degeneration and apoptosis.
Reforming proceeds of crime legislation: Political reality or pipedream?
Authors: Skead Natalie , Tulich Tamara , Murray Sarah , Tubex Hilde
Published: March 2019

In recent decades, Australian states and territories have introduced a raft of legislation aimed at stripping those involved in criminal activity of their ill-gotten gains. However, in doing so, this far-reaching legislation has the potential to undermine legal principles and protections. We recently completed a study into proceeds of crime legislation in Western Australia, New South Wales and Queensland. From our findings it is clear that Western Australia’s legislation is the most far-reaching and potentially the most inequitable. In this article, we provide a critique of Western Australia's legislation informed by our research, and identify pressing areas for reform.
Implications of Foster Care on Attachment: A Literature Review
Authors: Miranda Megan , Molla Elizabeth , Tadros Eman
Published: March 2019

This article provides a review of the literature in attachment theory, outcomes of being in foster care, impacts of trauma, and long-term attachment outcomes of foster care alumni. Thus far, minimal research has been conducted on the topic of attachment outcomes of foster care alumni in general as related to the field of marriage and family therapy. Attachment outcomes of foster care alumni is an important area to understand for marriage and family therapists because of the connection between attachment and relational functioning. The purpose of this article is to help gain an initial understanding of the experiences of foster care alumni and how those experiences may impact their development of attachment styles. Exploring this topic assists clinicians in providing services to children currently in foster care, foster care alumni, and their families.
Preliminary Outcomes of Calcaneal Lengthening in Adolescent Flatfoot in Müller-Weiss Disease
Authors: Ahmed Abdel-Salam Abdel-Aleem , Kandil Mahmoud Ibrahim , Tabl Eslam Abdelshafi
Published: March 2019

Background:

Müller-Weiss disease (MWD) remains a controversial painful foot condition without consensus on its pathogenesis or a gold standard treatment modality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of calcaneal lengthening in adolescent patients with symptomatic MWD with flatfoot.

Methods:

The study included 13 feet of 7 patients including 5 females and 2 males who were treated from March 2012 until June 2015 by calcaneal lengthening. The mean age was 15.6 years. The mean duration of symptoms was 13.5 months. The body mass index (BMI) averaged 28.9 kg/m2 at presentation. The patients were followed up for a mean of 37.8 months.

Results:

The osteotomy healed in all cases after a mean of 7.2 weeks. The second foot was operated on after an average of 11.5 months. The mean talometatarsal-1 angle improved from 39.8 degrees preoperatively to 5.9 degrees. The mean preoperative calcaneal pitch angle of 7.5 degrees increased to an average of 17.8 degrees postoperatively. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score was improved from 61.9 preoperatively to 94.2 postoperatively. Four patients had occasional exertional pain. Four feet had mild residual forefoot abduction. Arthrodesis was not needed in any case by the last follow-up.

Conclusion:

Early diagnosis of MWD with flatfoot was important and allowed for nonfusion treatment options. Calcaneal lengthening osteotomy in selected MWD cases achieved satisfactory outcomes with pain control, deformity correction, and improvement of the functional results.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Retinal dystrophy associated with Danon disease and pathogenic mechanism through LAMP2-mutated retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Fukushima Masaya , Inoue Tatsuya , Miyai Takashi , Obata Ryo
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 plays an important role in autophagy and lysosomal function and its mutation is responsible for pathogenesis of Danon disease, which can cause retinopathy, though its pathophysiological contribution to retinal dysfunction remains unclear. The purpose of our research is to report the first case of Japanese Danon disease retinopathy and to understand how LAMP2 dysfunction contributes to pathogenesis of retinopathy.

Methods:

One case underwent ophthalmic examination including slit-lamp exam, fundus imaging, visual field testing, and electroretinogram. In molecular biological study, relative messenger RNA expression levels of three splicing variants of Lamp2 or LAMP2 in wild type mouse retina and retinal pigment epithelium, human retinal pigment epithelium cell line adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 were quantified. LAMP2 was knocked down by small interfering RNA in adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 and its effect to LC3, an autophagy marker, was assessed by Western blotting. Intracellular localization of LAMP2 and LC3 in untreated and LAMP2-knocked-down adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 was analyzed by confocal microscopy.

Results:

Our case manifested cone dystrophy in both eyes. In mice, expression of Lamp2a and Lamp2b was significantly higher in retinal pigment epithelium than that in neural retina. Expression of Lamp2a and Lamp2b were significantly higher than that of Lamp2c in mouse retinal pigment epithelium. Adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 cells showed similar LAMP2 expression pattern to mouse retinal pigment epithelium. LAMP2 knockdown in adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 reduced LC3-II amount and the number and size of autophagosome.

Discussion:

We report a Japanese case of Danon disease retinopathy, and our study implies that LAMP2 plays an important role in autophagosome formation in retinal pigment epithelium.
Pseudotumours, cobalt and clinical outcome in small head metal-on-metal versus conventional metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty
Authors: van der Veen Hugo C , Reininga Inge HF , Zijlstra Wierd P , Boomsma Martijn F , Bulstra Sjoerd K , van Raay Jos JAM
Published: March 2019

Background:

Metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty (MoM THA) is associated with the formation of pseudotumours. Studies mainly concern pseudotumour formation in large head MoM THA. We performed a long-term follow-up study, comparing pseudotumour incidence in small head metal-on-metal (SHMoM) THA with conventional metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) THA. Predisposing factors to pseudotumour formation were assessed.

Methods:

From a previous randomised controlled trial comparing SHMoM (28 mm) cemented THA with conventional MoP cemented THA, patients were screened using a standardised CT protocol for the presence of pseudotumours. Serum cobalt levels and functional outcome were assessed.

Results:

56 patients (33 MoP and 23 MoM) were recruited after mean follow-up of 13.4 years (SD 0.5). The incidence of pseudotumours was 1 (5%) in the SHMoM THA cohort and 3 (9%) in the MoP THA cohort. Prosthesis survival was 96% for both SHMoM and MoP THAs. Serum cobalt levels did not exceed acceptable clinical values (<5 µg/L) whereas no differences in cobalt levels were detected at follow-up between both groups. Oxford and Harris Hip Scores were good and did not differ between SHMoM and MoP THA.

Conclusions:

This long-term follow-up study shows a low incidence of pseudotumour formation and good functional outcome in cemented head-taper matched SHMoM and MoP THA.