bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Basis for Bone Healing and Osseointegration of Implants in Sinus Grafts
Authors: Stacchi Claudio , Coyac Benjamin R. , Helms Jill A.
Published: December 2024

A thorough comprehension of the mechanisms controlling new bone formation and implant osseointegration after maxillary sinus floor elevation is crucial for aligning our treatment choices with biological principles and enhancing clinical outcomes. The goal of bone regeneration in sinus lift procedures is to provide a sufficient amount of newly‐formed tissue to support implant osseointegration. However, it is still unclear whether there is a minimum quantity of vital bone within the newly‐formed tissue required for effective support, though it is generally assumed that vital bone is essential for this process. The source and integration of new bone in maxillary sinus floor elevation procedures remain debated. Most clinical studies suggest a paramount role for sinus floor and bony walls, with a centripetal pattern of new bone formation, while conflicting reports exist regarding the osteogenic role of the Schneiderian membrane. The influence of mechanical input on peri‐implant bone formation, mineralization, and maturation is significant, with bone remodeling regulated by mechanical strains generated during loading. Defining optimal loading for implants, particularly in sinus lift procedures, is challenging, as early loading may damage interfacial tissue, interfering with osteogenesis. Differences in osseointegration dynamics between native and augmented bone may arise from biological and mechanical factors, but also from patient‐specific factors which should be evaluated in treatment planning. Factors to consider include sinus anatomy, patient and site‐specific regenerative potential, and the selection of graft material that matches the osteogenic and mechanical requirements. Tailored approaches integrating patient‐specific considerations and refined implant strategies will enhance predictability and longevity of treatment.
Impact of Cold Ischemia Time and Donor Age on Donation After Circulatory Death Kidney Transplant Outcomes: A UNOS Mate‐Kidney Analysis
Authors: Cojuc‐Konigsberg Gabriel , Rivera Belen , Cañizares Stalin , Pavlakis Martha , Eckhoff Devin , Chopra Bhavna
Published: December 2024

Background

The association between prolonged cold ischemia times (CIT), donor age, and outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) from donors after circulatory death (DCD) remains uncertain. We aimed to compare allograft outcomes in DCD‐donor KTRs according to CIT and age.

Methods

UNOS database study (2010–2024) of DCD‐donor KTRs on tacrolimus maintenance. We developed a mate‐kidney analysis, comparing outcomes where one mate kidney had CIT >24 and the other ≤24 h. We evaluated patient death, all‐cause allograft failure, and death‐censored graft failure (DCGF) using multivariable stratified Cox proportional hazards models. We compared outcomes across age groups (≥50 or <50 years) and 6‐h‐period CIT deltas between mate kidneys. We assessed delayed graft function (DGF) occurrence with multivariable conditional logistic regression.

Results

We included 4092 DCD‐donor mate‐kidney pairs. There were no differences between CIT >24 versus ≤24 h in patient death (aHR 1.12, 95% CI 0.97–1.30), all‐cause allograft failure (aHR 1.10, 95% CI 0.98–1.24), or DCGF (aHR 1.07, 95% CI 0.90–1.27). Similar results were observed when comparing outcomes by age group and 6‐h‐period CIT deltas between mate kidneys. Compared to shorter CITs, CITs >24 h were associated with increased DGF likelihood (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.25–1.60), as were increasing CIT deltas.

Conclusion

CITs >24 h in DCD‐donor KTRs were not associated with adverse allograft outcomes, irrespective of age group. However, prolonged CITs were associated with increased DGF likelihood. Increasing the acceptance of both mate kidney from DCD donors should be considered despite projected CITs >24 h.
Intergenerational continuity of adverse childhood experiences among Mexican‐origin families: Examination of intra and extra‐familial adversities
Authors: Zhen‐Duan Jenny , Cruz‐Gonzalez Mario , Diaz Jasmine , Sánchez Marisabel , Park Irene , Alvarez Kiara , Yip Tiffany , Wang Lijuan , Valentino Kristin , Alegría Margarita
Published: December 2024

The effects of the intergenerational continuity of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on youth outcomes have been documented, particularly among mother–child dyads. Most literature has focused on the continuity of family‐level ACEs (Traditional ACEs [T‐ACEs]) and not community‐level ACEs (Expanded ACEs [E‐ACEs]) that disproportionately impact minoritized individuals. We aimed to (a) examine the effect of mothers' and fathers' T‐ACEs and E‐ACEs on youth's T‐ACEs and E‐ACEs, respectively, and on youth's depressive and anxiety symptoms; (b) examine whether youth's own ACE exposure explains the link between parental ACEs and youth depressive and anxiety symptoms; and (c) explore differential risks by mothers versus fathers. We collected cross‐sectional data from a community sample of Mexican‐origin youth (Mage, 13.5 years; 51.7% males; 93.0% US‐born), mothers (Mage, 41.4 years; 7.2% US‐born), and fathers (Mage, 44.0 years; 5.1% US‐born) from the Seguimos Avanzando project (167 youth‐mother–father triads, 177 youth‐mother/father dyads). Results showed that (a) fathers', but not mothers', T‐ACEs and E‐ACEs were associated with youth's T‐ACES and E‐ACEs, respectively, (b) youth's T‐ACEs explained the association between fathers' T‐ACEs and youth's depressive symptoms, and (c) only youth's E‐ACEs were associated with anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the greater need to understand how fathers' childhood experiences may impact outcomes across generations and that targeting youth's ACEs can reduce the pervasive effects of intergenerational continuity of ACEs.
Willingness of Recreational Anglers to Modify Hook and Bait Choices for Sea Turtle Conservation in Mobile Bay, Alabama, Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Henry Hannah , Olivas TiAnna , Gumbleton Sarah , Beckham Nicole , Steury Todd D. , Willoughby Janna R. , Dunning Kelly
Published: December 2024

Saltwater angling is a culturally significant and economically vital coastal recreational activity, particularly in the Gulf of Mexico that attracts enthusiasts worldwide and contributes significantly to the well‐being of Gulf Coast communities. However, angling can threaten ecologically important species, notably sea turtles, which are federally protected under the Endangered Species Act. In commercial fisheries, using circle hooks over traditional “J” hooks and using specific bait types can reduce sea turtle bycatch and fishing gear interactions. However, angler willingness to use these techniques is unknown. Our study aimed to assess the willingness of recreational anglers to adopt tackle modifications to support sea turtle conservation. A mixed‐mode survey was used to gather data on angler knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes toward sea turtle conservation. Generalized linear models were used to examine factors associated with angler willingness to adopt sea turtle‐friendly practices. Factors such as gender, state residency, recreational and fishing motivations, and ecological knowledge influenced angler willingness to adopt sea turtle‐friendly tackle modifications. We conclude that conservation strategies and educational outreach must be tailored to specific fishery management objectives.
Spatial Justice in Health Communication: Exploring Affective Responses to the Linguistic Landscape in a Shanghai International Hospital
Authors: Li Xiangyun , Shen Qi
Published: December 2024

Linguistic landscape (LL), functioning as a form of health communication, offers a lens through which to examine whether the visual representation of languages in medical spaces ensures accessibility for all and communicates spatial justice. Recent studies on LL have primarily concentrated on elucidating LL as a cognitive and affective indicator of public space, with less attention to how sign‐readers affectively perceive and engage with public signage in medical and migrant contexts. Exploring sign‐readers’ affective responses to the LL can help us understand whether the spatial resources indicated by that LL meet their practical and psychological needs. This empirical study contributes to LL research by examining affective responses to the LL among immigrant patients in a Shanghai international hospital, illuminating the interactions between LL and spatial justice in a medical context. Based on 260 signs collected through photography and interviews with eight international patients, we aimed to explore their feelings and thoughts about the LL at the moment of their experience of it. After identifying various affective responses triggered by the LL, we found that the use of English in the LL projects the hospital's espoused values of “care” and “quality”, while the absence of languages such as Korean and Japanese constrains linguistic equality and spatial justice, triggering anxiety among those who speak neither English nor Mandarin. Future planning of the LL in Shanghai's international communities might be informed by a multilingual awareness to promote the subjective well‐being of transnational immigrants and to improve the epistemic diversity and inclusivity of urban spaces.
Parental Sensitivity and Infant Social Withdrawal During Mother–Infant and Father–Infant Interactions
Authors: Tissot Hervé , Guédeney Antoine , Gonthier Valentin , Hugonnier Maëlla , Favez Nicolas
Published: December 2024

While social withdrawal is a normal defense mechanism displayed by infants to regulate interactions, it can negatively impact infant development when it becomes chronic, leading to delays in motor, cognitive, and communication difficulties in later development. Infant withdrawal was associated with low levels of parental sensitivity (i.e., the capacity of a caregiver to perceive the child signals and to respond to them accurately with an appropriate timing during interactions) in mothers. Few studies have yet been conducted in fathers and even fewer have investigated these questions in both parent–infant dyads within families, so that the joint effects of maternal and paternal sensitivity on infant social withdrawal remain unknown. We investigated within‐ and between‐dyad associations between parental sensitivity and infant withdrawal during interactions with both parents in a sample of biparental families (n = 61) and their 3‐month old infant. Results showed that higher paternal sensitivity was associated with lower infant withdrawal during father–infant interactions. The same effect was weaker in mothers and only significant when the effect of paternal sensitivity on infant withdrawal during mother–infant interaction was not taken into account. These results offer new insights about the reciprocal influences between the mother–infant and the father–infant relationships.
Combat counterfeits effectively or not? Encroachment and financing strategies with production disruption risk
Authors: Huang Yangyang , Fang Weiguo , Dolgui Alexandre , Pi Yutong , Zhang Baofeng
Published: December 2024

Counterfeits spur brand‐name supply chain to engage in manufacturer encroachment. Financial constraint disturbs encroachment strategies, especially with disruption risks. Developing an analytical model investigates how supply chain finance with production disruption risk affects encroachment strategy and its efficacy in combating counterfeits. We obtain optimal strategies for three scenarios: rich, moderately poor, and poor brand‐name supply chains. Encroachment strategies effectively combat counterfeits in rich and moderately poor brand‐name supply chains. The production disruption risk reduces the manufacturer's willingness to encroach, regardless of financial positions. Relative to rich brand‐name supply chains with encroachment, trade credit with risk‐free bank credit increases the manufacturer encroachment's likelihood, while it with costly bank credit reduces this likelihood. Financial cooperation through trade credit in moderately poor brand‐name supply chains effectively curbs counterfeiting. Even if bank credits are perfectly competitive, optimal strategies in poor brand‐name supply chains with encroachment depend on initial capitals, violating classical Modigliani‐Miller (M&M) theory.
Exploring barriers and motivations in the adoption of food waste mobile applications
Authors: Hong Jiequan , Kafa Nadine , Jaegler Anicia
Published: December 2024

Food waste is a serious global problem obstructing the path toward Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger). Several food waste mobile applications (FWMAs) have been launched in recent years, offering a technological means of connecting food businesses with consumers to redistribute leftover food. Food businesses, as the suppliers, provide leftover food on an FWMA platform, and the acceptance of that leftover food determines the quantity of food saved through this method. This paper aims to identify the barriers and motivations (B&Ms) underlying the decisions of food businesses regarding whether to participate in FWMA projects. PESTLE analysis is used to categorize potential B&Ms along six dimensions: political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental. Experts in FWMA, suppliers and operators, are then invited to respond to questions along a 5‐point Likert scale as part of the Delphi method. The questions ask about the participants’ level of agreement. Finally, the voting analytical hierarchy process is used to determine the relative importance of each B&M to the industry at large. Economic considerations constitute the biggest source of both motivation and barriers. The same goes for technological factors, though to a lesser degree. Notably, however, FWMA operators point to political factors as the biggest source of barriers. This pioneering study examines FWMA acceptance from the supply side. Despite its brief history, FWMAs excel in the market. Challenges in the business‐to‐consumer model hint at both motivations and barriers. Existing literature lacks comprehensive insights, mainly focusing on consumer perspectives.
What Defines the Groupwise Compositional Turnover of Eurasian Phylloscopus Warblers? Insights From Zeta (ζ) Diversity and MS‐GDM
Authors: Parab Tushar , Singh Ankit , Alashi Niket , Modak Nikhil , Singh Amar Paul , Bhave Maitreyee , Nagarale Shashank , Lyngdoh Salvador
Published: December 2024

Aim

This study examines how environmental variables determine the co‐occurrence of Phylloscopus warblers. It was carried out using an integrated zeta (ζ) diversity estimation method and multisite generalised dissimilarity modelling (MS‐GDM).

Location

Phylloscopus species spanning Eurasia.

Study Period

Observations made during the breeding season for each species from 2014 to 2023.

Major Taxa Studied

We specifically focussed on complexes/superspecies groups within the genus Phylloscopus to address this question. The groups defined on recent phylogeny are the P. castaniceps complex, P. cantator group, P. borealis group, P. burkii complex, P. affinis group, P. proregulus group, P. inornatus complex, P. davisoni group, P. fuscatus group, P. collybita group, P. trochiloides complex and P. tenellipes group.

Methods

We used ζ diversity estimations to quantify the extent of compositional turnover and diversity across multiple sites. We further used MS‐GDM to gain insights into how various environmental variables impact species composition.

Results

The composition of the groups we analysed is shaped by environmental conditions. The normalised difference snow index considerably impacts turnover within the P. castaniceps complex, with species such as P. castaniceps showing adjacency to snowy areas. Elevation and gravity anomalies play an essential role in the turnover of species in the P. cantator and P. borealis groups. The prevalence of positive gravity anomalies (variations in gravitational strength) in hilly areas determines the compositional differences within the P. burkii complex. The turnover of the P. proregulus group is influenced by both artificial night lights and gravitational anomalies. The turnover in the P. trochiloides complex and the P. davisoni, P. collybita and P. tenellipes groups is influenced by soil moisture, elevation, gravity anomalies and aridity index, emphasising the varied ecological niches of these species.

Conclusions

This study improves our understanding of the compositional shift of Phylloscopus leaf warblers over space and reveals the mechanisms underlying shifts in their composition across regions and the impact of changes in climatic patterns. As a result, this study is an important resource for ecologists and conservationists.
WTAP‐Mediated m6A Modification of circSMOC1 Accelerates the Tumorigenesis of Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer by Regulating miR‐612/CCL28 Axis
Authors: Zhu Xun‐Xia , Chen Xiao‐Yu , Zhao Li‐Ting , Zhang Xue‐Lin , Li Yi‐Ou , Shen Xiao‐Yong
Published: December 2024

Accumulating evidence reveals that deregulated N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are required for the tumorigenesis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to uncover the underlying mechanisms by which WTAP‐mediated m6A modification of circRNA contributes to NSCLC. The differentially‐expressed circRNAs were identified by a circRNA profiling microarray. The association of circSMOC1 with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with NSCLC was estimated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. WTAP‐mediated m6A modification of circRNA was validated by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and methylated RIP (MeRIP) assays. The role of circSMOC1 in NSCLC cells was validated by in vitro functional experiments and in vivo tumorigenesis models. CircSMOC1‐specific binding with miR‐612 was verified by RIP, luciferase gene report and RT‐qPCR assays. The effect of circSMOC1 and/or miR‐612 on CCL28 expression was detected by RT‐qPCR and Western blotting analysis. We found that the expression levels of circSMOC1 were elevated in NSCLC tissues and associated with TNM stage and poor survival in patients with NSCLC. Knockdown of circSMOC1 impaired the tumorigenesis of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo, whereas restored expression of circSMOC1 displayed the opposite effect. Furthermore, WTAP was upregulated in NSCLC and mediated m6A modification of circSMOC1 and circSMOC1 abolished WTAP knockdown‐caused tumour‐suppressive effects. Then, circSMOC1 acted as a sponge of miR‐612 to upregulate CCL28 and miR‐612 inhibitors abrogated circSMOC1 knockdown‐caused anti‐proliferation effects and CCL28 downregulation in NSCLC cells. Knockdown of CCL28 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and counteracted miR‐612 inhibitor‐caused tumour‐promoting effects. Our findings unveil that WTAP‐mediated m6A modification of circSMOC1 facilitates the tumorigenesis of NSCLC by regulating the miR‐612/CCL28 axis.
Integrating Bulk RNA and Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies and Validates Lactylation‐Related Signatures for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Shi Yangyang , Li Fudong , Lin Wenbo , Han Linhui , Wang Jinyu , Yan Chen , Sun Jingchuan , Ji Chenglong , Shi Jiangang , Sun Kaiqiang
Published: December 2024

Glycolysis‐related lactylation has gained wide attention for regulating various cellular functions and diseases. Nevertheless, its intricate involvement in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is not yet fully understood. In this study, we unrevealed the intricate association between elevated lactylation levels and the development of IVDD. Subsequently, we harvested the lactylation‐related genes (LRGs) and systematically analysed the expression levels of these genes to establish a gene signature related to IVDD through multiple bulk RNA sequencing data. Six hub LRGs were determined and closely associated with the increased severity of IVDD. Among the six genes, CBX3 was the most upregulated in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Furthermore, molecular docking identified atosiban acetate as a specific inhibitor for CBX3, and inhibiting the expression of CBX3 using atosiban acetate significantly repressed the glycolysis activity and global lactylation level, thus alleviating the progression of IVDD. In conclusion, the lactylation correlates positively with IVDD and the LRG signature could be used as a biomarker for the effective clinical treatment of IVDD. CBX3 emerged as one of the key LRGs in IVDD, and atosiban acetate, as a specific inhibitor for CBX3, may be a promising therapeutic candidate for IVDD by affecting lactylation.
Diamond Technique: A Triple Treatment for Neck and Décolletage Rejuvenation
Authors: dos Santos Teodoro Matheus , da Fonseca Armada Barros João Henrique , da Cunha Ana Lúcia Gonzaga
Published: December 2024

Background

In the pursuit of integral beauty and a harmonious overall appearance, individuals are increasingly seeking cosmetic treatments for both facial and extrafacial regions. Among these areas, the neck and décolleté have become focal points for care due to their visibility and susceptibility to postsurgical scarring and dyschromia compared with the face. Environmental stressors and sun exposure contribute to aging signs in these areas, prompting a demand for effective, minimally invasive procedures with reduced downtime and minimal risks. Biostimulators, hyaluronic acid, laser therapy, microfocused ultrasound and neurotoxins have become key players in addressing these concerns.

Aims

This manuscript introduces the Diamond technique, which uses a diamond‐shaped acetate device to perform a minimally invasive protocol combining calcium hydroxyapatite, hyaluronic acid, and incobotulinumtoxinA for neck and décolleté rejuvenation.

Patients/Methods

The technique involves two steps: solution preparation and device‐guided injections. The diamond‐shaped device was developed to guide the injections, enhancing precision and reproducibility and facilitating medical training. The device's strategic markings aid in solution application, ensuring a multidimensional approach to rejuvenation. Four female patients, aged between 55 and 63 years were used to demonstrate the technique, with two categorized as grade II and two as grade III according to the Merz scale of neck laxity at rest.

Results

The four examples demonstrate improvements in skin laxity, wrinkles, and overall skin quality. Two participants reported “good results,” and two reported results “beyond expectations.” The Diamond technique's potential lies in its ability to provide predictable outcomes, individualized treatments, and patient satisfaction.

Conclusion

While the authors assert the technique's safety and efficacy, the need for controlled studies is crucial. Rigorous, long‐term studies are warranted to validate its effectiveness and safety compared with the existing approaches.
Exploration of Effective Substance Use Relapse Prevention Programmes for the Youth: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Gaolaolwe Wada , Moagi Miriam Mmamphamo , Kovane Gaotswake Patience , Sehularo Leepile
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Youth substance use has been associated with recurrent episodes of substance misuse. A large body of research has shown that relapsing into substance use is still a significant obstacle that prevents people who use substances and want to stop from recovering and abstaining. The objective of this evaluation was to locate, compile and summarise the results of all pertinent research on youth substance use relapse prevention programmes.

Method

An integrative literature review (ILR) was conducted, guided by Whittemore and Knafl (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2005, 52, 546), following a step‐by‐step guide for conducting an ILR. The PRISMA guidelines were used in the selection process.

Results

Twenty‐three papers met the eligibility criteria, and three were added from grey literature. Three themes identified in the studies included in the review: Continuing care, technology‐mediated recovery management interventions and relapse prevention through developmentally engaging activities.

Discussion

The review identified that a successful substance use relapse prevention programme for the youth requires continued care following discharge from hospital treatment. The care encompasses posttreatment check‐ups, assessments and linkages to treatment in which a suspected/potential relapse is referred back to treatment to prevent its severity or occurrence.
Macro‐ and micronutrient effects on phytoplankton in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and the western basin of Lake Erie
Authors: Stoll Jordyn T. , Larson James H. , Bailey Sean W. , Blackwood Christopher B. , Costello David M.
Published: December 2024

Efforts to reduce the frequency, extent, and toxicity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) require knowledge about drivers of algal growth, toxin production, and shifts in phytoplankton community composition to cyanobacterial dominance. Although labile nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fuel primary production, micronutrients also play roles as the enzymatic engines that facilitate rapid and efficient growth and toxin production. Macro‐ and micronutrient availability can shape community composition and function by selecting for particular taxa. To address how phytoplankton in two Great Lakes subbasins respond to macro‐ and micronutrients, we conducted bottle incubation enrichment experiments using water collected from two blooming and two nonblooming sites in Lakes Erie and Michigan during late summer (August). Three of the four sites exhibited multi‐nutrient limitation of growth. Both blooming sites responded strongest to enrichment. Both nonblooming sites responded the strongest to enrichment, and three of the four sites responded in some way to a mix of micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Zn). Microcystis aeruginosa relative abundance increased most with N enrichment, while P enrichment increased the abundance of diatoms and chlorophytes. At the Fox River, N‐enriched communities grew 10%–20% more than non‐N enriched communities (measured as chlorophyll a), and N‐enriched communities had, on average, over twice as much microcystin (non‐N communities average MC = 2.45 μg · L−1, +N communities MC = 5.35 μg · L−1). These overarching trends support the idea that control of HABs may not be effective with a P‐only approach.
Rising Female‐Headed Households: Shifts in Living Arrangements or Heightened Gender Symmetry?
Authors: Trias‐Prats Rita , Esteve Albert
Published: December 2024

Censuses and surveys predominantly report men as heads of households or reference persons despite women carrying out most domestic and care work. Recent evidence, however, suggests that an increasing number of households are headed by women. Using data from the newly released CORESIDENCE database, which includes over 770 data points from 156 countries worldwide spanning from 1960 to 2021, this study presents the first global map of female headship, traces its recent evolution, and compares female‐headed households with male‐headed ones based on selected household characteristics. The results confirm the widespread increase in female headship in virtually all world regions. Nevertheless, significant cross‐national differences persist, and changes are not uniform across all regions. Spatial and temporal variations in female headship can be attributed, in part, to structural shifts in living arrangements, specifically the decreased presence of adult men in households. Female headship, however, is rising beyond the structural transformation of households. Women are increasingly likely to head households even in the presence of adult men, particularly their male partners. This might be indicative of normative changes towards gender symmetry. We discuss the potential factors behind these transformations and consider their implications for further research and gender equality.
A single nucleotide polymorphism affects protein translation and leads to post‐anthesis color change variation in closely related Lotus species
Authors: Gao Ruifang , Li Yueqing , Shan Xiaotong , Wang Yanan , Yang Siqi , Ma Saiyu , Xia Ziyi , Zheng Huibo , Wei Chao , Tong Linna , Qin Jianchun , Gao Xiang , Cronk Quentin
Published: December 2024

Flower color change, a common phenomenon that is important in pollination ecology, has intrigued scientists for decades. While previous flower color studies have mainly focused on color diversity among different plant species, our focus is on unraveling the mechanism of post‐anthesis color change (PACC) and the molecular basis for its presence and absence, respectively, in two closely related species of Lotus, Lotus filicaulis and Lotus japonicus MG20. Metabolomic analysis reveals anthocyanins as the key metabolites responsible for the observed PACC. Differential expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic and transport genes causes the variation in PACC between the two Lotus species. Crucially, the significant upregulation of a functionally characterized MYB regulator, LfPAP1, is linked to the accumulation of anthocyanins and visible color alterations in L. filicaulis flowers. Notably, we uncover a nucleotide polymorphism in the initiation codon of LjPAP1. Although this mutation does not affect transcription, we show that it has a major effect in attenuating protein translation, reducing its capacity to activate anthocyanin biosynthesis, and leading to a failure of PACC in L. japonicus MG20. Our study sheds light on mechanisms of PACC phenomenon and highlights the potential for mutations in initiation sequences to generate phenotypic differences between species in evolution.
Effect of the added plasma rinseback on residual cell types in plateletpheresis leukoreduction systems
Authors: Kelly Kathleen , Finlon Jeff , Fulciniti Stefan , Lee Deborah , Jones Micaela , Marschner Susanne
Published: December 2024

Background

Platelets collected by the Trima Accel apheresis device (Terumo BCT) are automatically leukoreduced through a leukoreduction system (LRS) where WBCs are trapped in a conical‐shaped LRS chamber. The content has been used as a valuable source of mononuclear cells for research purposes. In frequent, long‐term platelet apheresis donors, lymphopenia has been associated with the use of LRS chambers, and implementation of plasma rinseback at the end of the procedure has been shown to mitigate the depletion of lymphocytes. In this report, the cellular content of the LRS chamber and remaining disposable was characterized with and without plasma rinseback.

Study Design and Methods

Trima disposable sets were obtained from apheresis platelet collections in 100% plasma or 35% plasma/65% PAS with or without plasma rinseback at the end of the collections. Cellular content was drained from the LRS chamber and the disposable and was characterized using a hematology analyzer and flow cytometer to establish total cell counts and proportions of RBC, platelet, and WBC subpopulations.

Results

LRS chambers contained approximately 109 WBCs, with the majority being lymphocytes and monocytes. The addition of plasma rinseback significantly decreased the number of WBCs remaining in the disposable, thereby increasing the number of WBCs returned to the donor. However, rinseback did not impact the WBC content of the LRS chamber itself.

Conclusions

Blood Centers using the Trima Accel instrument may reduce lymphopenia in regular platelet donors by implementing plasma rinseback, while ensuring the cellular content of the LRS chamber intended for research purposes remains unaffected.
Do Pre‐Treatment Biopsy Characteristics Predict Early Tumour Progression in Feline Diffuse Large B Cell Nasal Lymphoma Treated With Radiotherapy?
Authors: Poirier Valerie J. , Meier Valeria , Turek Michelle , Christensen Neil , Bowal Jacqueline , Ponzini Matthew D. , Keller Stefan M.
Published: December 2024

The standard of care treatment for localised feline nasal lymphoma (FeNL) is radiation therapy (RT). Early local or systemic failure occurs in 17%–45% of cats treated with RT with or without chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine if pre‐treatment biopsy characteristics could predict early tumour progression in FeNL. Inclusion criteria consisted of histologically confirmed FeNL, available paraffin blocks of diagnostic quality, localised to the sinonasal cavity on staging pre‐RT, treated with IMRT/IGRT (10 × 4.2 Gy) without chemotherapy and at least 1 year follow‐up. All pre‐RT biopsies were reviewed and evaluated with CD3, CD20, CD79a, pan‐CK and Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry and the mitotic activity index was determined. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS) at 1 year and hazard‐ratios (HR) with confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Twenty‐eight cats fit the inclusion criteria, and all had diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Seventeen cats (61%) were progression free at 1 year. Of the 11 cats that progressed in the first year, two had local progression, two had both local and systemic progression and seven had systemic progression. The mitotic index (HR: 1.03, CI 0.9–1.19, p = 0.645), Ki‐67 (HR: 1.00, CI 0.98–1.02, p = 0.845) and > 30% of tumour‐infiltrating T cells (HR: 0.38, CI 0.09–1.56, p = 0.175) were not significantly associated with PFS. In this uniformly RT treated population of FeNL, none of the evaluated pre‐RT histologic parameters could predict early treatment failure.
50% body weight loading reduces stature increases and lumbar disc expansion from 4 h hyper‐buoyancy floatation versus 15 min sitting upright
Authors: Marcos‐Lorenzo David , Lysandrou Christina , Sudres Laura , Gil‐Martinez Alfonso , Swanenburg Jaap , Clark James Edward , Green David Andrew
Published: December 2024

Microgravity is associated with stature increases, back pain and post‐flight intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation. This study aims to determine whether 30 s seated 50% body weight (BW) axial loading is comparable to 15 min sitting upright in 1 g upon changes in stature, anterior lumbar IVD height (via ultrasound), passive vertebral stiffness (VS), and back pain induced by 4 h hyper‐buoyancy floatation (HBF) unloading. Sixteen (seven male) healthy volunteers had stature, lumbar IVD height (L2–S1), passive VS (C1–L5) and back pain assessed before and following 4 h HBF, and immediately after participants performed a 30 s seated squat with 50% of their BW or 15 min sitting upright. Four hours of HBF unloading induced significant increments in stature (+1.6 ± 0.5 cm; P < 0.001), IVD height (L2–L3: P = 0.002; L3–L4: P < 0.001; L4–L5: P = 0.013; L5–S1: P < 0.001) and back pain (2.90 ± 1.26; P < 0.001) with no differences between 1 and 1.5 BW. Stature, IVD height increments and back pain were similarly attenuated in both reloading groups. Passive VS was unchanged by 4 h HBF or reloading. HBF‐induced back pain positively correlated with stature (P = 0.01) and lumbar IVD height changes (L2–L3: P = 0.03; L3–L4: P = 0.01; L5–S1: P = 0.02). Four hours of HBF increased stature, lumbar IVD height and induced moderate back pain that were similarly (albeit not entirely) ameliorated by both 15 min upright sitting and 30 s of 50% BW axial loading, with no changes in passive VS observed. IVD geometric changes appear key to space adaptation back pain and stature increments that can be rapidly modulated by brief periods of axial loading.
Do Large Language Models Produce Diverse Design Concepts? A Comparative Study with Human-Crowdsourced Solutions
Authors: Ma Kevin , Grandi Daniele , McComb Christopher , Goucher-Lambert Kosa
Published: December 2024

Access to large amounts of diverse design solutions can support designers during the early stage of the design process. In this article, we explored the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in producing diverse design solutions, investigating the level of impact that parameter tuning and various prompt engineering techniques can have on the diversity of LLM-generated design solutions. Specifically, we used an LLM (GPT-4) to generate a total of 4000 design solutions across five distinct design topics, eight combinations of parameters, and eight different types of prompt engineering techniques, leading to 50 LLM-generated solutions for each combination of method and design topic. Those LLM-generated design solutions were compared against 100 human-crowdsourced solutions in each design topic using the same set of diversity metrics. Results indicated that, across the five design topics tested, human-generated solutions consistently have greater diversity scores. Using a post hoc logistic regression analysis, we also found that there is a meaningful semantic divide between humans and LLM-generated solutions in some design topics, but not in others. Taken together, these results contribute to the understanding of LLMs’ capabilities and limitations in generating a large volume of diverse design solutions and offer insights for future research that leverages LLMs to generate diverse design solutions for a broad range of design tasks (e.g., inspirational stimuli).
Design method for generating multiple colors with thickness-modulated thin-film optical filters for silicon solar cells
Authors: Bhattacharyya Paramita , Ahammou Brahim , White Clarissa , Azmi Fahmida , Carlow Graham , Kleiman Rafael , Mascher Peter
Published: December 2024

This study explores an innovative approach to enhance the esthetic appeal while having minimal impact on the functional performance of solar-charged electric vehicles. We propose replacing the standard antireflective coating on solar cells with a custom-designed notch filter. This optical filter ensures high transmission across the solar spectrum and creates a distinct color rendering effect in the visible range, thereby making the cells more visually appealing. We utilized niobium pentoxide and silicon dioxide for their excellent optical, mechanical, and corrosive properties to fabricate filters reflecting at specific wavelengths, producing vibrant blue, green, and red color renderings at 400, 550, and 632 nm, respectively. Theoretical relative photocurrent density losses of only ∼7%,∼10%, and ∼14% were observed for blue, green, and red colors, respectively, due to the presence of these filters when compared to a silicon solar cell with a standard antireflective coating. Using optilayer and matlab software, we precisely designed filters with just two to four layers, achieving simplicity and effectiveness. Gradual evolution optimization followed by thin layer removal optimization produced automated and consistent thickness-modulated multilayered optical filter designs over a wide range of user inputs. Our designs were fabricated using magnetron sputtering and validated through variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and reflectance spectroscopy, showing strong agreement with our simulations. With a minimal trade-off in the functionality and efficiency of solar cells, this method transforms standard solar cells into esthetically pleasing components, broadening their appeal and potential applications in consumer products.
The Influence of Lower-Limb Strength and Power on the Speed and Heat Results of Professional Brazilian Surfers
Authors: Souza Pedro C. , Guerra Ricardo L.F.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To correlate speed and heat scores with anthropometric variables and lower-limb strength and power in professional surfers. Methods: A total of 19 men participated in simulated competitions on different days. All surfed waves were scored, and each athlete’s best 2 were used for their total heat score. Speed values were extracted by global positioning system and adjusted by Z score. Squat jump, countermovement jump, and drop jump were executed. Anthropometric variables and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) in the half squat were measured. Pearson product–moment correlation was used to analyze the relationships. Results: Height had a significant (P < .05) inverse association with speed indicators (r = −.36 to − .68), and body mass index had a moderate association with maximum wave speed of the highest score. Significant correlations with moderate to large magnitudes were found between maximum speed and vertical jumps (r = .46 to .56), average speed and vertical jumps (r = .48 to .59), and both maximum and average speed with 1RM (r = .52–.53). Athletes’ best score and total heat score showed moderate to large associations with vertical jumps and 1RM (r = .48–.64), whereas second scores were correlated with the reactive strength index of the drop jump (r = .48) and 1RM (r = .51). Conclusions: Shorter surfers with lower center of gravity and those with superior lower-limb strength and power achieved greater speed and higher scores. Accordingly, surf coaches may consider prescribing dynamic strength and balance training based on an athlete’s profile to improve performance.
Acute Responses to Different Velocity-Loss Thresholds During Squat Training With and Without Blood-Flow Restriction
Authors: Sánchez-Valdepeñas Juan , Cornejo-Daza Pedro J. , Páez-Maldonado José , Rodiles-Guerrero Luis , Cano-Castillo Clara , Piqueras-Sanchiz Francisco , González-Badillo Juan José , Sáez de Villarreal Eduardo , Pareja-Blanco Fernando
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To compare the acute effects on mechanical, metabolic, neuromuscular, and muscle contractile responses to different velocity-loss (VL) thresholds (20% and 40%) under distinct blood-flow conditions (free [FF] vs restricted [BFR]) in full squat (SQ). Methods: Twenty strength-trained men performed 4 SQ protocols with 60% 1-repetition maximum that differed in the VL within the set and in the blood-flow condition (FF20: FF with 20% VL; FF40: FF with 40% VL; BFR20: BFR with 20% VL; and BFR40: BFR with 40% VL). The level of BFR was 50% of the arterial occlusion pressure. Before and after the SQ protocols, the following tests were performed: (1) tensiomyography, (2) blood lactate, (3) countermovement jump, (4) maximal voluntary isometric SQ contraction, and (5) performance with the load that elicited a 1 m·s−1 at baseline measurements in SQ. Results: No “BFR × VL” interactions were observed. BFR protocols resulted in fewer repetitions and lower increases in lactate concentration than FF protocols. The 40% VL protocols completed more repetitions but resulted in lower mechanical performance and electromyography median frequency during the exercise than the 20% VL protocols. At postexercise, the 40% VL protocols also experienced greater blood lactate concentrations, higher alterations in tensiomyography-derived variables, and accentuated impairments in SQ and countermovement-jump performances. The 20% VL protocols showed an increased electromyography median frequency at postexercise maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Conclusions: Despite BFR-accelerated fatigue development during exercise, a given VL magnitude induced similar impairments in the distinct performance indicators assessed, regardless of the blood-flow condition.
Programming liquid crystal elastomers for multistep ambidirectional deformability
Authors: Yao Yuxing , Wilborn Atalaya Milan , Lemaire Baptiste , Trigka Foteini , Stricker Friedrich , Weible Alan H. , Li Shucong , Bennett Robert K. A. , Cheung Tung Chun , Grinthal Alison , Zhernenkov Mikhail , Freychet Guillaume , Wąsik Patryk , Kozinsky Boris , Lerch Michael M. , Wang Xiaoguang , Aizenberg Joanna
Published: December 2024

Ambidirectionality, which is the ability of structural elements to move beyond a reference state in two opposite directions, is common in nature. However, conventional soft materials are typically limited to a single, unidirectional deformation unless complex hybrid constructs are used. We exploited the combination of mesogen self-assembly, polymer chain elasticity, and polymerization-induced stress to design liquid crystalline elastomers that exhibit two mesophases: chevron smectic C (cSmC) and smectic A (SmA). Inducing the cSmC-SmA–isotropic phase transition led to an unusual inversion of the strain field in the microstructure, resulting in opposite deformation modes (e.g., consecutive shrinkage or expansion and right-handed or left-handed twisting and tilting in opposite directions) and high-frequency nonmonotonic oscillations. This ambidirectional movement is scalable and can be used to generate Gaussian transformations at the macroscale.
Act on a mandate to protect research subjects’ privacy
Authors: Wolf Leslie E. , Ram Natalie
Published: December 2024

Congress called for the protection of data from legal process
Primary mucinous carcinoma of the scalp
Authors: De Greef Axel , Landen Lucie , Fierens Hugues , Baeck Marie
Published: December 2024

Mucinous carcinoma of the skin is a rare, low-grade malignancy often clinically misdiagnosed as a benign lesion. This tumour mostly grows locally and has minimal potential for lymphatic or distant metastasis. Commonly affected sites include the periorbital region, particularly the eyelid, and the scalp. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment. However, recurrences are frequent when resection margins are less than 1 cm. Differential diagnosis with mucinous skin metastases can be challenging. We report a patient with an occipital scalp tumour initially considered benign and left untreated for 10 years. After an initial resection, the tumour recurred, requiring a second resection with adequate margins.
Ripasudil’s paradox: bullous keratopathy with honeycomb twist
Authors: Mamtani Nidhi , Snehi Sagarika , Singh Kanishk , Pattebahadur Rajesh
Published: December 2024

We present a case of a male patient in his mid-50s who presented with bullous keratopathy secondary to an anterior chamber intraocular lens, complicated by superimposed honeycomb keratopathy while on ripasudil 0.4%. The bullous keratopathy was characterised by generalised microcystic epithelial oedema, alongside more centrally located, variable-sized macrocystic epithelial oedema with a honeycomb appearance. Discontinuation of ripasudil resulted in the resolution of the honeycomb keratopathy, although with the persistence of pre-existing microcystic corneal oedema. This case highlights the complexity of ripasudil’s effects on corneal endothelium, showing a paradoxical response. Timely identification of ripasudil-induced keratopathy is crucial, particularly in cases when it is started elsewhere, emphasising the necessity for vigilant monitoring and management strategies.
Coccidiomycosis: ankle septic arthritis with an extended incubation period requiring aggressive multidisciplinary surgical intervention
Authors: Ni Mhiochain de Grae Meadhbh , Davey Martin S , Hoey Caoimhe , Kearns Stephen
Published: December 2024

Coccidiomycosis is a regional disease with global importance, with both an expanding endemic area and population, as well as increasing travel. Although unusual, it should be considered in patients with a travel history to endemic areas, even when immunocompetent and outside the usual incubation period. We present a case of isolated ankle septic arthritis which required an aggressive multidisciplinary surgical approach as well as antibiotic therapy.