bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Three-Valued Logic for Software Specification and Validation. Tertium tamen datur
Authors: Konikowska Beata , Tarlecki Andrzej , Blikle Andrzej
Published: May 2021

Different calculi of partial or three-valued predicates have been used and studied by several authors in the context of software specification, development and validation. This paper offers a critical survey on the development of three-valued logics based on such calculi. In the first part of the paper we review two three-valued predicate calculi, based on, respectively, McCarthy’s and Kleene’s propositional connectives and quantifiers, and point out that in a three-valued logic one should distinguish between two notions of validity: strong validity (always true) and weak validity (never false). We define in model-theoretic terms a number of consequence relations for three-valued logics. Each of them is determined by the choice of the underlying predicate calculus and of the weak or strong validity of axioms and of theorems. We discuss mutual relationships between consequence relations defined in such a way and study some of their basic properties. The second part of the paper is devoted to the development of a formal deductive system of inference rules for a three-valued logic. We use the method of semantic tableaux (slightly modified to deal with three-valued formulas) to develop a Gentzen-style system of inference rules for deriving valid sequents, from which we then derive a sound and complete system of natural deduction rules. We have chosen to study the consequence relation determined by the predicate calculus with McCarthy’s propositional connectives and Kleene’s quantifiers and by the strong interpretation of both axioms and theorems. Although we find this choice appropriate for applications in the area of software specification, verification and development, we regard this logic merely as an example and use it to present some general techniques of developing a sequent calculus and a natural deduction system for a three-valued logic. We also discuss the extension of this logic by a non-monotone is-true predicate.
Algebraic Considerations of Autoepistemic Logic1
Authors: Rauszer Cecylia M.
Published: May 2021

Stable autoepistemic sets are treated as S4 maximal theories. This approach allows to use the Lindenbaum algebra of modal logic as a tool in investigations of existence of a special kind of stable sets. Namely, for a given set A, the algebraic constructions of minimal stable sets based on A and moderately grounded expansions of A are shown.
A Syntactic Approach to Introspection and Reasoning About the Beliefs of Other Agents1
Authors: Maida Anthony S. , Wainer Jacques , Cho Sehyeong
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the task of belief reasoning in light of the more basic cognitive principles of introspection and analogy-based reasoning. Using a syntactic framework, we show in detail how the ability to conduct belief reasoning can be reduced to principles of introspection and analogy-based reasoning.
Operational, Denotational and Logical Descriptions: A Case Study1
Authors: Egidi Lavinia , Honsell Furio , Ronchi Della Rocca Simona
Published: May 2021

The functional fragment of Landin’s ISWIM as implemented by the SECD machine is the paradigm of the procedural kernel of many programming languages. We investigate and compare operational, denotational and logical descriptions of the ISWIM-SECD system. Our goal is to illustrate how to derive from each of these descriptions logical tools for resoning about termination and equivalence of programs. First we show the correctness and incompleteness of the canonical denotational semantics. Then we give a fully abstract quotient semantics using a notion of applicative bisimulation. We discuss next a finitary logical description of the denotational semantics. This takes the form of a call-by-value intersection type assignment system. Finally we study this type assignment system for its own sake and give a completeness result for it with respect to a natural notion of interpretation.
A Modal Semantics of Negation in Logic Programming
Authors: Balbiani Philippe
Published: May 2021

The beauty of modal logics and their interest lie in their ability to represent such different intensional concepts as knowledge, time, obligation, provability in arithmetic, … according to the properties satisfied by the accessibility relations of their Kripke models (transitivity, reflexivity, symmetry, well-foundedness, …). The purpose of this paper is to study the ability of modal logics to represent the concepts of provability and unprovability in logic programming. The use of modal logic to study the semantics of logic programming with negation is defended with the help of a modal completion formula. This formula is a modal translation of Clack’s formula. It gives soundness and completeness proofs for the negation as failure rule. It offers a formal characterization of unprovability in logic programs. It characterizes as well its stratified semantics.
A Hierarchy of System Descriptions via Atomic Linear Refinement
Authors: Gorrieri Roberto
Published: May 2021

The problem of relating system descriptions at different levels of abstraction is studied in the field of Process Description Languages, following the so-called interleaving approach. Since we believe that several different languages should be used profitably during the hierarchical specification process, we investigate the problem of implementing a calculus into another one. As a case study, we introduce a pair of languages which will be increasingly enriched. The basic languages are sequential and nondeterministic; their first enrichment is obtained by adding an operator for asynchrony; then also communication is added, and finally restriction is dealt with. For each pair, the latter language extends the former with atomicity, obtained by adding to the signature of the former an operator of strong prefixing that makes atomic the execution of a sequence of actions. The two languages are intended to be a specification and an implementation language, respectively. To directly relate them, a mapping, called atomic linear refinement, is introduced from actions of the former to atomic sequences (i.e. sequences of actions built with strong prefixing) of the latter. An atomic linear refinement can be homomorphically extended to become a mapping among process terms of the two languages and thus also among the states of their associated transition systems. A notion of implementation, based on a sort of bisimulation (parametric with respect to an atomic action refinement), relates processes of the two languages. Given a specification process p and an atomic action refinement ρ, the refined process ρ(p) is proved to be an implementation of p. Moreover, a complete proof system for strong and weak equivalence are presented for both languages (and thus also for the operator of strong prefixing) and proved consistent with respect to refinement: if p and ρ are congruent processes of the specification language, then ρ(p) and ρ(q) are congruent, too.
Logic for Information Systems1
Authors: Rauszer Cecylia M.
Published: May 2021

In the paper we consider a logical system called Decision Logic which may be used as a tool in the investigations of information systems. We provide two axiomatizations of that logic. One follows from the properties of information systems. The latter is in the style of proof theory. We prove the soundness and completeness theorems and show that both axiomatizations provide the same set of true formulae.
Reflexive Autoepistemic Logic
Authors: Schwarz Grigori
Published: May 2021

We propose a new variant of autoepistemic logic which, intuitively, corresponds to understanding a belief operator L as “is known”, in contrast to the interpretation of L as “is believed” in Moore’s autoepistemic logic. Formal properties of the new logic and relationship to Moore’s logic are studied in detail.
From Concept Lattice to Approximation Space: Algebraic Structure of Some Spaces of Partial Objects1
Authors: Pagliani Piero
Published: May 2021

The paper presents general logic-algebraic structures related to Wille’s Concept Lattices, Pawlak’s theory of Information Systems and Approximation Spaces. These structures are studied in order to analyse increasing concepts definitions and decreasing objects identifications. Here they are investigated starting from the notions of polarity and quantum at a point, applying the approach used in Bell’s representation theorem for ortholattices and the mathematical tools provided by pointless topology. In this way we intend to connect this analysis to the notion of topology of positive information introduced in Scott’s Information Systems and Scott’s Domains. In particular, notions connected to the concept of ‘objects definition improvement’ (via attributes, or parameters) are algebraically investigated in order to analyse general and particular characteristics of Information Systems and a related classification for them is proposed.
A Prolegomenon to Partial Deduction
Authors: Komorowski Jan
Published: May 2021

Partial deduction is a specialization principle related to the law of syllogism. It has several computational applications in logic programming but it has been recently also used in deductive databases, machine learning, software synthesis and other areas of computing. This article is a systematic introduction to partial deduction, its applications and open problems. Starting from an informal and intuitive presentation, the fundamental notions such as correctness and completeness are discussed. A selection of applications is presented to illustrate partial deduction in different contexts.
Modal Frame Classes Revisited
Authors: Van Benthem Johan
Published: May 2021

We re-analyze the original algebraic proof of the Goldblatt-Thomason theorem characterizing modally definable frame classes, providing an alternative model-theoretic argument. The analysis also provides a more general perspective on the use of algebraic versus model-theoretic methods in Modal Logic.
Conservativity of Equational Theories in Typed Lambda Calculi1
Authors: Breazu-Tannen Val , Meyer Albert R.
Published: May 2021

In programming languages that feature unrestricted recursion, the equational theory corresponding to evaluation of data type expressions must be distinguished from the classical theory of the data as given by, say, algebraic specifications. Aiming to preserve classical reasoning about the underlying data types, that is, for the equational theory of the programming language to be a conservative extension of the theory given by the data type specification, we investigate, alternative computational settings given by typed lambda calculi, specifically here by the Girard-Reynolds polymorphic lambda calculus ( λ ∀ ). We prove that the addition of just the λ ∀ -constructions to arbitrary specifications, as given by algebraic theories, and even simply typed lambda theories, is conservative. This suggests that polymorphic constructs and reasoning can be superimposed on familiar data-type definition features of programming languages without changing the behavior of these features. Using purely syntactic methods, we give transformational proofs of these results for certain systems of equational reasoning. A new technique for analyzing polymorphic equational proofs is developed to this purpose. Finally, we prove, with a semantics argument, that it is possible to combine arbitrary algebraic data type specifications and the λ ∀ -constructions into functional programming languages that both conserve algebraic reasoning about data. and ensure, over arbitrary algebraically specified observables, a computing power equivalent to that of the pure λ ∀ . The corresponding problem for simply typed specifications remains open.
Type Inference with Extended Pattern Matching and Subtypes
Authors: Jategaonkar Lalita A. , Mitchell John C.
Published: May 2021

We study a type system, in the spirit of ML and related languages, with two novel features: a general form of record pattern matching and a provision for user-declared subtypes. Extended pattern matching allows a function on records to be applied to any record that contains a minimum set of fields and permits the additional fields of the record to be manipulated within the body of the function. Together, these two enhancements may be used to support a restricted object-oriented programming style. We define the type system using inference rules, and develop a type inference algorithm. We prove that the algorithm is sound with respect to the typing rules and that it infers a most general typing for every typable expression.
The Set of Probabilistic Algorithmic Formulas Valid in a Finite Structure Is Decidable with Respect to Its Diagram
Authors: Dańko Wiktor
Published: May 2021

In the paper it is considered a probabilistic logic of programs PrAL, similar to the Feldman-Harel logic, constructed for expressing properties of iterative programs with operations x : = ?, either … or … interpreted in a probabilistic way. A language of PrAL contains a sort of variables interpreted as real numbers, used to describe probabilities of behaviours of programs. The main result states that the set of formulas of PrAL valid in a finite structure is decidable with respect to the diagram of the structure.
Recognizing Visibility Graphs of Triangulated Irregular Networks
Authors: Boomari Hossein , Ostovari Mojtaba , Zarei Alireza
Published: May 2021

A Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) is a data structure that is usually used for representing and storing monotone geographic surfaces, approximately. In this representation, the surface is approximated by a set of triangular faces whose projection on the XY-plane is a triangulation. The visibility graph of a TIN is a graph whose vertices correspond to the vertices of the TIN and there is an edge between two vertices if their corresponding vertices on TIN see each other, i.e. the segment that connects these vertices completely lies above the TIN.

Computing the visibility graph of a TIN and its properties have been considered thoroughly in the literature. In this paper, we consider this problem in reverse: Given a graph G, is there a TIN with the same visibility graph as G? We show that this problem is ∃ℝ- Complete.
Freeness Problem for Matrix Semigroups of Parikh Matrices
Authors: Teh Wen Chean , Atanasiu Adrian , Wong Denis C.K.
Published: May 2021

Since the undecidability of the mortality problem for 3 × 3 matrices over integers was proved using the Post Correspondence Problem, various studies on decision problems of matrix semigroups have emerged. The freeness problem in particular has received much attention but decidability remains open even for 2 × 2 upper triangular matrices over nonnegative integers. Parikh matrices are upper triangular matrices introduced as a generalization of Parikh vectors and have become useful tools in studying of subword occurrences. In this work, we focus on semigroups of Parikh matrices and study the freeness problem in this context.
A New Description of Transversal Matroids Through Rough Set Approach
Authors: Wang Zhaohao
Published: May 2021

Matroid theory is a useful tool for the combinatorial optimization issue in data mining, machine learning and knowledge discovery. Recently, combining matroid theory with rough sets is becoming interesting. In this paper, rough set approaches are used to investigate an important class of matroids, transversal matroids. We first extend the concept of upper approximation number functions in rough set theory and propose the notion of generalized upper approximation number functions on a set system. By means of the new notion, we give some necessary and sufficient conditions for a subset to be a partial transversal of a set system. Furthermore, we obtain a new description of a transversal matroid by the generalized upper approximation number function. We show that a transversal matroid can be induced by the generalized upper approximation number function which can be decomposed into the sum of some elementary generalized upper approximation number functions. Conversely, we also prove that a generalized upper approximation number function can induce a transversal matroid. Finally, we apply the generalized upper approximation number function to study the relationship among transversal matroids.
PINK1 Activation Attenuates Impaired Neuronal-Like Differentiation and Synaptogenesis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease Trans-Mitochondrial Cybrid Cells
Authors: Du Fang , Yu Qing , Yan Shirley ShiDu
Published: May 2021

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic deficit, and extensive oxidative stress underlie neuronal perturbation during the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previously, we demonstrated that decreased PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) expression is associated with AD pathology in AD-affected human brains and AD mice. Objective: In the present study, we highlight the essential role of PINK1 in AD-relevant mitochondrial perturbation and neuronal malfunction. Methods: Using trans-mitochondrial “cybrid” (cytoplasmic hybrid) neuronal cells, whose mitochondria are transferred from platelets of patients with sporadic AD, we observed the effect of PINK1 in neuronal-like differentiation and synaptogenesis and mitochondrial functions. Results: In AD cybrid cells, the downregulation of PINK1 is correlated to the alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function and deficit in neuronal-like differentiation. Restoring/increasing PINK1 by lentivirus transduction of PINK1 robustly attenuates mitochondrial defects and rescues neurite-like outgrowth. Importantly, defective PINK1 kinase activity fails to reverse these detrimental effects. Mechanistically, AD cybrid cells reveal a significant decrease in PINK1-dependent phosphorylated mitofusin (Mfn) 2, a key mitochondrial membrane protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion, and an insufficient autophagic activity for the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria. Overexpression of PINK1, but not mutant PINK1 elevates phosphorylation of Mfn2 and autophagy signaling LC3-II. Accordingly, PINK1-overexpressed AD cybrids exhibit increases in mitochondrial length and density and suppressed reactive oxygen species. These results imply that activation of PINK1 protects against AD-affected mitochondrial dysfunction and impairment in neuronal maturation and differentiation. Conclusion: PINK1-mediated mitophagy is important for maintaining mitochondrial health by clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria and therefore, improves energy homeostasis in AD.
Layout evaluation for electric vehicle charging pile based on charging frequency
Authors: Cui Xiangke , Zhang Zhenji , Liu Fang , Liu Jingya
Published: May 2021

This study aims to solve the problem of locating charging stations for public electric vehicles. We take into consideration the factors affecting charging station locations including mileage, electric vehicles distribution, and passenger distribution. A Non-deterministic Polynomial model aiming to minimize the total vehicle service distance is developed. We use an agent-based model to simulate the optimized charging station location based on Anylogic. Through a case study of Beijing, we test the model in five situations. The results of one situation show that the existing layout of the charging stations is unreasonable when charging frequency is sharply variant (basic model); this paper optimizes the existing location by improving the constraint for the smallest number of charging stations (improved model); compared with the basic model, the improved model has a shorter response time to passenger demand, shorter service time for passengers but more mileage for electric vehicles.
Applying an entropy method to evaluate regional traffic development from a niche perspective
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Bai Yufei , Li Jianling , Fan Xiang
Published: May 2021

Developing regional transportation is an important part of the coordinated development of a regional economy. This study addresses the problem of uncoordinated regional transportation development and identifies ways to advance the development of the regional economy. Using a niche model and entropy method, this study analyzed the development status of regional transportation industry from three dimensions: structure, function, and environment. This included constructing an evaluation index system. The results show that the traffic development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China is continuously improving, but there are clear gaps between the regions, and the development of the three dimensions significantly differs. This highlights the importance of formulating regional transportation integration development measures according to the development status of each city and its own characteristics.
LIRP optimization of cold chain logistics in satellite warehouse mode of supermarket chains
Authors: Shu Bo , Pei Fanghua , Zheng Kaifu , Yu Mengxia
Published: May 2021

Aiming at the problem of high cost in cold chain logistics of fresh products home-delivery in supermarket chain in the new retail era, the paper constructs the model of Location Inventory Routing Problem (LIRP) optimization in Satellite Warehouse mode in view of customer satisfaction with the broken line soft time windows. The model minimizes the total cost of the cold chain logistics system of supermarket chain through the location allocation, inventory optimization, the determination of distribution service relationship between Satellite Warehouse and customer, and the constraint of time penalty cost. Then, the paper designed an improved ant colony optimization to solve the LIRP model of supermarket chain. Finally, the simulation in MATLAB verifies and analyzes the validity of the model and algorithm. Therefore, LIRP optimization model in Satellite Warehouse mode can effectively improve the operational efficiency of fresh products home-delivery in the supermarket chain and thus reduce the logistics cost.
υ-Nonparallel parametric margin fuzzy support vector machine
Authors: Ju Hongmei , Zhang Yafang , Zhao Ye
Published: May 2021

Classification problem is an important research direction in machine learning. υ-nonparallel support vector machine (υ-NPSVM) is an important classifier used to solve classification problems. It is widely used because of its structural risk minimization principle, kernel trick, and sparsity. However, when solving classification problems, υ-NPSVM will encounter the problem of sample noises and heteroscedastic noise structure, which will affect its performance. In this paper, two improvements are made on the υ-NPSVM model, and a υ-nonparallel parametric margin fuzzy support vector machine (par-υ-FNPSVM) is established. On the one hand, for the noises that may exist in the data set, the neighbor information is used to add fuzzy membership to the samples, so that the contribution of each sample to the classification is treated differently. On the other hand, in order to reduce the effect of heteroscedastic structure, an insensitive loss function is introduced. The advantages of the new model are verified through UCI machine learning standard data set experiments. Finally, Friedman test and Bonferroni-Dunn test are used to verify the statistical significance of it.
Comparison of knowledge level and attitude towards obstructive sleep apnoea amongst dental and medical undergraduate students of Universiti Sains Malaysia
Authors: Selvaraj Siddharthan , Eusufzai Sumaiya Zabin , Asif Jawaad Ahmed , Bin Jamayet Nafij , Ahmad Wan Muhamad Amir W. , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Sleep apnoea is a diagnosed condition in which appurtenances interrupt breathing whilst sleeping. The consequence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) includes road traffic accidents due to drowsiness, systemic hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus and neurocognitive disorders. This condition extends the duration of recovery phase after traumatic brain injury. OBJECTIVE: This study was intended to assess the knowledge and attitude towards OSA and compare it among dental and medical undergraduate students of University Sains Malaysia (USM). METHODS: In this study, a total of 216 clinical undergraduate students (36 from each year; 108 from medical and 108 from dental school) of University Sains Malaysia (USM) Health campus were recruited for the study by non-probability stratified random sampling method. Total study period was October 2017 to October 2018. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic status and OSAKA questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and attitude regarding sleep apnoea of the respondents. Descriptive analysis was carried out to assess the knowledge and attitude of OSA amongst dental and medical undergraduate students of USM. The Mann–Whitney U test was carried out to compare the knowledge and attitude of OSA amongst dental and medical undergraduate students of USM. RESULTS: Our study findings revealed that 0.9 %and 6.5 %of the dental undergraduate students and medical undergraduate students could answer all the questions correctly regarding knowledge of OSA. Based on the assessment of the difference between medical and dental students in terms of knowledge towards OSA patients, significant difference was observed at the significance level of 95%, where p < 0.05 but no difference found in attitude towards OSA. However, significant difference was found towards attitude on treating OSA patients p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: A difference was observed in the knowledge and attitude on OSA between dental and medical undergraduate students in USM; however, medical undergraduate students had better knowledge and attitude towards OSA than dental students.
¿Constituyen los elementos de una categoría combinatoria una clase de equivalencia?: evidencias comportamentales y neurobiológicas
Authors: Tabullo Ángel , Yorio Alberto , Zanutto Silvano , Wainselboim Alejandro Javier
Published: May 2021

It has been proposed that there is a relation between the capacity to acquire language and equivalence relations. Previous studies show that members of an equivalence class transfer combinatorial properties within an artificial grammar. Reciprocally, in the present work we analyzed whether, after training in an artificial grammar, stimuli with the same combinatorial properties verify properties of an equivalence class. Results show that stimuli of a same combinatorial class form a functional class that verifies the properties of equivalence (i.e. reflexivity; symmetry and transitivity). Processing these relations generates an N400 potential that is related to the number of nodal stimuli between stimuli pairs. This result could be explained in terms of a proactive system that extracts and retains statistical regularities of stimuli; connects new stimuli with relevant representations previously acquired and employs these associations to generate predictions of future events
Bloqueo según modalidad de estímulo en CEE: dificultades en la enseñanza con pictogramas
Authors: Menendez Joaquin , Correa Freisztav Manuel , Valentini Delfina , Sanchez Federico , Embon Iair , Rodriguez Arriagada Nicolas , Iorio Alberto
Published: May 2021

It has been observed that the use of pictures interferes when teaching novel words. We sought to extend these results to Stimulus Equivalence Classes (SEC), investigating whether the blocking effect occurs differentially according to the modality of the blocked stimulus (i.e. pictorial or pseudo-lexical). Ten university students were trained, by matching to sample, in four SEC (two of pseudo-lexical modality and two of pictorial modality). A blocking procedure was applied during the same training. Emergence of derived relationships for each element of the compound stimuli was separately evaluated. A greater blocking effect was observed whenever the blocking stimulus X was of pseudo-lexical modality. Results are discussed regarding associative theories, as well as its implications in the development of pedagogical practices. The results observed discourage the use of images in compound stimuli for the teaching of novel words
Análisis psicométrico de dos versiones de la Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale en estudiantes universitarios peruanos: propuesta del CD-RISC-7
Authors: Dominguez-Lara Sergio Alexis , Gravini-Donado Marbel , Torres-Villalobos Guadalupe
Published: May 2021

The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a resilience measure used worldwide, still there are no validity evidence in Peru. The aim of this paper was to analyze the psychometric properties of the CD-RISC in Peruvian college students (n = 746; 74.5% females; Mage = 19.99 years old). The internal structure was analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Its relationship with academic self-efficacy and emotional exhaustion measures was also analyzed, and the reliability was estimated. Results show that the brief and unidimensional 7-items model (CD-RISC-7) has more support based on its fit indices, factor loadings, achieving tau-equivalence, and misspecifications absence. In the same way, the CD-RISC-7 has positive and negative relationship with self-efficacy and emotional exhaustion, respectively. Finally, the reliability indices are meritorious. We conclude that the CD-RISC-7 has appropriate psychometric properties.
The use of promising biological products for the potato plant in the North Caucasus
Authors: Gerieva Fatima , Gazdanova Irina
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The quality of the crop is of great importance for increasing the profitability of potato production. According to the creators of the variety, when laying high-quality tubers and observing storage conditions, the quality indicator ranges from 85 % to 99 %. This is especially important for seed potatoes. According to the requirements for the quality of seeds, the presence of tubers affected by late blight is allowed up to – 2 %, and with scab and rhizoctonia – up to 5 %. The main objectives of the long-term storage technology are to ensure high initial quality and minimize potato losses. The purpose of the work is to identify the effectiveness of the use of biological products “Kartofin”, “BisolbiSan”, “Rizoplan”, “Zerebra Agro” in the cultivation of potatoes in the conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus, the effect on biometric indicators, productivity, morbidity and quality indicators of tubers. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the agro-ecological conditions of the North Caucasus, the effectiveness of the use of biological products of a new generation has been studied. Methods. The counts and observations were carried out according to the generally accepted methods described in the “Educational and methodological guidelines for conducting research in agronomy”. Results. The use of biological products of a new generation in the conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus reduces the passage of the phenological phases of potatoes. Pre-planting treatment of tubers contributed to obtaining earlier shoots on day 16 compared to the control by 7.7; 9.1; 18.3; and 19 %. Biological products and fungicides increased the height of the potato bush by 5.5; 6.9; 19.1; 21.5 cm compared to control. The studied biological products have not only growth-regulating properties, but also increase resistance to late blight. The counts of the total yield showed that on the Udacha variety, all the studied biological products have a positive effect on the yield indicators in comparison with the control. But the highest yield indicators were noted on the option of using the biological product “Zerebra Agro” – 29.3 t/ha, while in the control it was 24.3 t/ha.
Current standards for the conversion of flax varieties of fiber flax into conditional fiber with an assessment of the effectiveness of their use
Authors: Kudryashova Tamara , Vinogradova Tat'yana , Koz'yakova Natal'ya
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The purpose of the research is the development of standards for the transfer of modern flax varieties of domestic and foreign selection into conventional fiber with an analysis of the problems arising in the course of their application and the proposal of ways for their rational solution. Methods. According to the current regulatory documentation using a special methodological program, the values of the following characteristics were determined: the total fiber yield, the yield and quality of long and short fiber from flax of various quality according to the results of control developments carried out in the conditions of flax processing enterprises and data from the State Variety Testing involved in the study of fiber flax varieties. Results and scope. The article presents the results of the development of standards for the conversion of different quality flax of 28 varieties of fiber flax into fiber, with their values given. It has been established that in order to obtain one ton of fiber from low grade flax trees (0.50–0.75), it is necessary to process 2.9–4.2 tonnes of flax trees; from flax trees of higher quality, with a value of 1.00 and more – 2.6–3.5 tons. Some issues related to the insufficient effectiveness of the use of translation standards in practice are considered. It is noted that when developing them, it is advisable to take into account the structure of the fiber contained in the stem material of a certain type with a division into fiber types: i. e., into long and short. At the same time, the accuracy of determining the cost of the produced fiber can increase by 20 %. It is also proposed to take into account the qualitative characteristics of long and short fibers, which can contribute to the correct orientation of an agricultural producer engaged in the cultivation of flax regarding the choice of fiber flax varieties with the most valuable economic characteristics. The reserve for increasing technical and economic indicators can be ~ 10 %. The need to develop a differentiated system is substantiated, which provides for taking into account the volume of fiber when converting into a conditional using standards specifically for each flax number in the range from 1.00 to 4.00. This may lead to an increase in the size of subsidies by 2.8–6.2 %. Scientific novelty. Standards have been developed for the conversion of flax of various quality into fiber of modern fiber flax varieties of both domestic and foreign origin, common in the flax-growing regions of the Russian Federation. The ways of increasing the efficiency of application of the established translation standards are proposed.
Means of mechanization and technological methods for the restoration of degraded mountain agricultural landscapes
Authors: Soldatova Irina , Dzhibilov Sergey , Soldatov Eduard , Guluyeva Lyudmila
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The authors present the results of R & D and new aggregates for improving degraded slope areas. The purpose of the study is to develop new systems of grassland management to increase soil fertility and accelerate the restoration of mountain areas. The object of the study is agricultural practices that increase the productivity of mountain phytocenoses with aggregates developed by the authors for the following operations: slitting, sowing grass seeds and applying mineral fertilizers. The tasks of the research included: to study the optimal distance between the springy stands of the chisel cultivator KCHG-2,4 and to assess the impact of the conducted agricultural practices on changing the floral composition of the grass stand, improving the plant nutrition regime and water-air regime, enriching the grass stands by seeding valuable grass species. The novelty of the technical solution is that new resource-saving methods have been developed to improve the phytocenosis of land using small-sized universal aggregates. The tests were carried out in the mountain zone of the RNO – Alania (Dargava basin, the stronghold of the SKNIIGPSH) at an altitude of 1540m above sea level in the south-eastern exposure with a slope steepness of up to 150. The pasture area is heavily degraded. The experimental section is divided into three repetitions. The width of each repetition is 2.4 m, the length is 10 m, the dividing strips are 1m, the side strips are 2.4 m. The total area of the experimental site located across the slope is 184.2 m2. Results. It was found that a higher yield for three years of observations was revealed in the variant with a distance between the slits of 1.5 m. In relation to the control variant, in the first year of observations, the increase in this variant was 8.9 c/ha of dry weight, and in the third year this indicator increased to 12.5 c/ha, while in the variant with slits after 1 m, this indicator was 5.2–6.7 c/ha, respectively, and at a distance of 2.4 m – 4.3–5.1 c/ha (42 % of the soil cover).
Assessment of the quality of meat and poultry raw materials using mineral adaptogen
Authors: Drozd M. , Usevich V
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study on the effect of feed mineral additives on meat products in poultry farming. The purpose of the work is to analyze the effects of mineral adaptogen on the quality of meat and poultry products. Research methods. Research and production experience was carried out using generally accepted zootechnical, pathomorphological, histological, veterinary-sanitary and statistical research methods. Results of the study. The causes of bird death and pathological changes in organs and tissues during autopsy in the experimental and control groups are described. Describes the results of studies of veterinary-sanitary expertise of meat quality when conducting organoleptic evaluation of carcasses and offal, this sub-microscopic features of striated skeletal and cardiac muscle, studied the microstructure of cartilage in the femoral head and the microarchitecture of the liver as the main organ of metabolism and by-product. During histological studies, the structure of cells and tissues, when using mineral adaptogen, was more morphologically mature and was in a functionally active state, and in the control group, dystrophic and necrotic processes and areas with immature muscle fibers were observed. When comparing the lifetime indicators for increasing the live weight of broilers when feeding mineral adaptogen, the average daily weight gain increases, which is associated with a decrease in the toxic load and due to the receipt of micro- and macronutrients necessary for the growth and development of poultry. The safety of broiler livestock and the slaughter yield of meat increases. Minerals contribute to the proper development of the musculoskeletal system and the formation of cartilage tissue, which affects the quality of fattening, the bird can move and consume food. during the veterinary and sanitary assessment of meat quality, the results confirming the high quality of meat products were also obtained. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the paper shows not only the effect on the clinical state of poultry during the fattening of Arbor Acres broilers, the safety of livestock, but also on the microstructure and maturity of meat and offal during the slaughter period.
La Parroquia, medio de integración religiosa y social
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: May 2021

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Consecuencias del pensamiento de K. Marx
Authors: Villagrasa S. J. Raimundo
Published: May 2021

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A computational fluid dynamics study on the design optimization of an autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Le Thanh Long , Vuong Thuy Hang , Tran Trung Nghia
Published: May 2021

In this study, numerical computation is used to develop a physical model representing all important features of the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle's (AUV) shape using the finite element methods. Because the shape of the AUV is an essential factor in determining the application and the vehicle's capability, investigating the effect of the environment on this profile is needed. This paper illustrates using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to investigate the effect of fluid flow on the AUV's profile at different velocities. The results obtained from the numerical computation demonstrate some of the hydrodynamic values of the AUV's shape, such as drag force and stress. It is necessary for optimizing the design of an AUV. When the AUV moves, the maximum pressure occurs at the nose of an AUV.
Leadership Responsibilities in Information Security Awareness Development
Authors: Kárász Balázs , Kollár Csaba
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to introduce the main aspects arising in the organisational context related to leadership roles when information security awareness is being engineered and developed according to purposes set within. Achieving these development purposes is  connected to the commanding function of leadership, while being influenced by key human risk factors such as: leadership  commitment and example setting, leadership quality, the state of being motivated and above all, the ability of responsible decision- making on a professional basis. In order to improve the effectiveness of putting the implementation into practice, a methodological  toolset needs to be elaborated for the disposal of the leader, thanks to which, besides taking on a transactional leadership style and a  cyclic program management, the continuous monitoring and tailoring to the organisation of the development purposes all become facilitated.
A munkaerő-kiválasztásban használt személyiségtesztek egyes elméleti problémáiról
Authors: Makay Mátyás
Published: May 2021

A tanulmány a munkaerőpiaci kiválasztásban széles körben használt, ám tudományos szempontból gyakran a kívánatosnál kevésbé megalapozott személyiségtesztek egyes ismeretelméleti problémáival foglalkozik. Az episztemológiai megalapozottság hiányosságai a gyakorlati felhasználók körében általában kevésbé ismertek, a cikk alapvető célja e problémák felvetése és világos artikulálása.
Településkép – Tájkép – Országkép
Authors: Kasza Zsolt
Published: May 2021

Jelen tanulmány a hazánkban 2017-ben és 2018-ban lezajlott közigazgatási intézkedéseket tekinti át a Településkép – Tájkép – Országkép helymarketing fogalmain keresztül. Szó lesz a településképek védelméről szóló 2016. évi LXXIV. törvényről, a 3177+1 Településképi Arculati Kézikönyvről (TAK) és a Tokaj-Hegyalja, Vértes, Pilis, Fertő-Hanság, Dél-Alföld, Mecsek, Őrség-Vend Építészeti Tájegységi Arculati Kézikönyv (ÉTAK) jelentőségéről is. A tanulmány javaslatot tesz arra, hogy a Településkép – Tájkép – Országkép téma kerüljön be az NKE Hálózatkutatási kihívások a közszolgálatban kutatásai és/vagy a Jó Állam Index (JÁX) mutatói (1. Biztonság és bizalom a kormányzatban 2. Közösségi jóllét 3. Pénzügyi stabilitás és gazdasági versenyképesség 4. Fenntarthatóság 5. Demokrácia és 6. Hatékony közigazgatás) közé.
The concept of sustainable finance and the prospects for its implementation in Russia
Authors: Danilov Yu. A.
Published: May 2021

The article attempts to formulate the main characteristics of the concept of sustainable finance and determine its place among other concepts. Its certain autonomy from the concept of sustainable development is emphasized. Indicators are presented that demonstrate the outstripping growth of sustainable finance in the modern world, and assumptions about the reasons for this trend. The problem of the adequacy of rating assessments of corporate adherence to ESG principles is briefly touched upon, which turned out to be the weak point of the concept of sustainable finance. The current state of the concept of sustainable finance in Russia is assessed, the main obstacles to its implementation and feasibility are determined. Proposals are formulated for public policy measures that can stimulate the formation of domestic responsible investors in Russia, as well as other measures that will contribute to the implementation of the concept of sustainable finance.
Risk modeling of macroeconomic shocks and their effects on foreign debt of Russian companies
Authors: Perekhod S. A.
Published: May 2021

The article examines the possible consequences of the new “Great Lockdown” crisis and their impact on the stability of the corporate sector in terms of external obligations. The author examines the trends in the dynamics of external debt and formulates the main threats to macroeconomic stability (sanctions, world recession, low oil prices), describes the scenario of shock propagation and its impact on companies’ solvency. Based on a sample for the period from 2006Q1 to 2020Q1 (57 observations) using the least squares method, three theoretical regression models (for the entire period, shock and “quiet” quarters) were constructed to explain the change in the level of debt burden of the corporate sector from a number of macroeconomic variables: capital outflow, foreign assets, oil prices, LIBOR rates, credit bond spread, etc. The results obtained can be used in the implementation of debt and prudential policies.
Design and Aesthetics of National Brand Clothing
Authors: Yang Songli
Published: May 2021

The design and aesthetics of national brand clothing is the key to national brand clothing going to the world. The aesthetics of national brand clothing combines practicality and artistry, and its design needs to abide by economic laws and humanistic laws, and it needs to reflect the aesthetic characteristics, color characteristics, pattern characteristics, decorative characteristics and Chinese elements of the national culture. The application of national traditional cultural symbols to the design of national costumes needs to highlight the national connotation of national costumes and carry forward the excellent ideological culture of national traditions.
Ungulomycosis of cattle: etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms
Authors: Krupnyk Y. G. , Tsisinska S. V. , Lenjo Yu. M.
Published: May 2021

Mycotic diseases, ie those caused by microscopic fungi, are widespread among animals. As for cattle, at present ungulomycosis has become the most widespread, in which keratolytic fungi affect the hooves of animals, causing complications such as deformities, pododermatitis, lesions of the hoof bone. Ungulomycosis (from the Latin ungula – hoof, Gr. Mykes – fungus) – a disease of the hooves, which are caused by microscopic fungi that have keratolytic properties. In most cases of ungulomycosis, its complications are most often registered, and not the disease itself, which does not allow to carry out effective preventive measures and treatment of animals in a timely manner. That is why the purpose of the work was to study and concretization the main factor of the disease and the contributing conditions for the disease. For this purpose the basic and additional clinical methods of research were used, including microscopy of the destroyed horn and sowing on nutrient media to determine the species content of microscopic fungi. The research was carried out in the farms of the western regions of Ukraine on cows of Black-Spotted and Holstein breeds in the stall period with tethered animals. It is found that the pathogenic action of microscopic fungi-keratomycetes on the hooves of cattle is carried out in the presence of favorable conditions of external and internal nature, primarily insufficient housing conditions and poor feeding. In particular, for osteodystrophy due to ungulomycosis, the destruction of the hoof's horn is accelerated, which complicates the pathological process. For purulent subdermatitis of traumatic origin, microscopic fungi-keratomycetes act as an additional or contributing factor to the disease. Further research will focus on the development of effective treatments and measures to prevent ungulomycosis.