bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Antarctic minke whales using statistical catch-at-age analysis (SCAA)
Authors: Punt Andre E. , Hakamada Takashi , Bando Takeharu
Published: February 2023

Statistical catch-at-age analysis (SCAA) is applied to data for Antarctic minke whales. The SCAA model is spatially-structured, can model multiple stocks of minke whales, and can utilise several data types for parameter estimation. The application to Antarctic minke whales considers two stocks (I and P) in five areas which cover Antarctic Areas III–E to VI–W. The parameters of the model (annual deviations about the stock-recruitment relationship, changes over time in carrying capacity, density-dependence parameters related to productivity and carrying capacity, and the parameters which determine growth by stock, age-specific natural mortality by stock, and vulnerability by area and ‘fleet’) are estimated by fitting the model to data on catches, catch-at-length, conditional age-at-length, and estimates of absolute and relative abundance. A reference case analysis is selected, and sensitivity explored using retrospective analyses and by varying the assumptions on which the reference case analysis is based. The reference case analysis is able to mimic all of the data sources adequately. Most of the analyses (reference and sensitivity) indicates that Antarctic minke whales in the assessed area increased from 1930 until the mid-1970s and have declined thereafter, with the extent of the decline greater for minke whales in Antarctic Areas III–E to V–W than for those further east. Natural mortality is consistently estimated to be higher for younger and older individuals than for individuals of intermediate age. Estimates of MSYR1+ (the exploitation rate on animals 1 and older at which sustainable yield is maximised) are presented, but are unreliable owing to the lack of contrast.
Photo-identification confirms that humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from eastern Australia migrate past New Zealand but indicates low levels of interchange with breeding grounds of Oceania
Authors: Franklin Wally , Franklin Trish , Gibbs Nadine , Childerhouse Simon , Garrigue Claire , Constantine Rochelle , Brooks Lyndon , Burns Daniel , Paton David , Poole Michael , Hauser Nan , Donoghue Michael , Russell Kirsty , Mattila David K. , Robbins Jooke , Anderson Megan , Olavarria Carlos , Jackson Jennifer , Noad Michael , Harrison Peter , Baverstock Peter , Leaper Russell , Baker Scott , Clapham Phil
Published: February 2023

Recent photo-identification and genetic studies have identified at least five discrete breeding populations in Australia and Oceania: western Australia (D), eastern Australia (E (i)), New Caledonia (E (ii)), Tonga (E (iii)), French Polynesia and the Cook Islands (F). Also evident are low levels of intermingling among breeding populations consistent with the degree of genetic differentiation. Photo-identification has confirmed linkages between Area V feeding areas and eastern Australia breeding grounds and one genotype match has been reported between Area V feeding areas and Oceania breeding grounds. Recent abundance estimates show strong increases in the eastern Australian population, and some recovery in the New Caledonia and Tonga populations, but with little evidence of recovery at other known Oceania breeding grounds or New Zealand. Studies to date have provided no conclusive evidence of the migratory destination of humpback whales passing through New Zealand waters en route between Antarctic feeding areas and tropical breeding grounds. Photo-identification comparisons were undertaken between humpback whale fluke catalogues from eastern Australia (EA, 1315), Oceania east (OE, 513), Oceania west (OW, 166) and New Zealand (NZ, 13). Five matches were found between OE/OW, four matches between OW/EA and three matches between NZ/EA. The data are used to investigate and discuss the migratory destination and breeding ground migratory interchange of humpback whales travelling through New Zealand waters. The data confirm that humpback whales with site fidelity to eastern Australia migrate past New Zealand including through the Cook Strait and Foveaux Strait.
Surfacing time, availability bias and abundance of humpback whales in West Greenland
Authors: Heide-Jørgensen M. P. , Laidre K. L.
Published: February 2023

Visual aerial surveys of large whales are negatively biased unless correction factors are developed to correct the availability of whales at the surface. One method for developing a correction factor for this bias is by instrumenting whales with recorders that measure the amount of time spent at the surface. Thirty-one SLTDRs (three different models) were deployed on humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in West Greenland in May and July 2009–10. The SLTDRs recorded the proportion of a 6 hour period that the whales spent at or above 2m depth (defined here as surfacing time). This depth is considered to be the maximum depth that humpback whales are reliably detected from the air on visual aerial surveys in West Greenland. Eighteen transmitters provided data on the surfacing time and the drift of the pressure transducer. The average surfacing time for whales over the study period during the two 6 hour periods with daylight was 28.3% (CV = 0.06). Six whales met the data filtering criteria and had low drift in transmitter depth. Their average surface time was 33.5% (CV = 0.10). Previous analyses of visual aerial survey data have shown that the amount of time whales are available to be seen by observers is not an instantaneous process. Therefore, surface time must be corrected for a positive bias of about 10% when developing a correction factor for availability bias. This increases the availability in this study to 36.8% (CV = 0.10). The most recent survey of humpback whales in West Greenland was conducted in 2007 and corrections using this availability factor produce fully corrected abundance estimates of 4,090 (CV = 0.50) for mark-recapture distance sampling analysis and 2,704 (CV = 0.34) for a strip census abundance estimate. These estimates are about 25% larger than previous estimates from the same survey.
Observations of movement and site fidelity of white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) in Icelandic coastal waters using photo-identification
Authors: Bertulli Chiara G. , Tetley Michael J. , Magnusdottir Edda E. , Rasmussen Marianne H.
Published: February 2023

The white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) is the most commonly sighted delphinid species in Icelandic coastal waters. However, little is known about the species’ abundance, site fidelity and movements throughout its range. Photo-identification studies were conducted from April– October (2002–10) during whalewatching operations in Faxaflói and Skjálfandi bays on the southwest and northeast coasts of Iceland, respectively. Minimum abundance, annual site fidelity and movement between bays were calculated. A total of 154 and 52 individuals were identified in Faxaflói and Skjálfandi bays, respectively. The annual re-sighting rate was 21.4% in Faxaflói bay while only one individual was re-sighted in Skjálfandi bay (1.7%). A total of five dolphins (2.3%) were matched between Faxaflói and Skjálfandi bays with the period between re-sightings ranging from 272 to 821 days (mean 28.16 days, SD = 5.94). Low site fidelity rates observed likely signify a much larger home range than the present study area, into either other coastal or offshore zones, or alternatively may be explained by a large natural population size and/or the opportunistic nature of sampling during this study. Therefore, expansion of the study area is required. The matches between bays suggest that white-beaked dolphins inhabit a largescale coastal range of the Icelandic coast and can be considered highly mobile and transient possibly due to scarce and patchy resources. Alternatively it could be due to a large population size.
Estimating gray whale abundance from shore-based counts using a multilevel Bayesian model
Authors: Durban J. W. , Weller D. W. , Lang A. R. , Perryman W. L.
Published: February 2023

Counts of southbound migrating whales off California form the basis of abundance estimation for the eastern North Pacific stock of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus). Previous assessments (1967–2007) have estimated detection probability (p) from the detection-non detection of pods by two independent observers. However, tracking distinct pods in the field can be difficult for single observers; resulting in biased estimates of pod sizes that needed correcting, and matching observations of the same pod by both observers involved key assumptions. Due to these limitations, a new observation approach has been adopted wherein a paired team of observers work together and use a computerised mapping application to better track and enumerate distinct pods and tally the number of whales passing during watch periods. This approach has produced consistent counts over four recently monitored migrations (2006/7, 2007/8, 2009/10 and 2010/11), with an apparent increase in p compared to the previous method. To evaluate p and estimate abundance in these four years, counts from two independent stations of paired observers operating simultaneously were compared using a hierarchical Bayesian ‘N-mixture’ model to jointly estimate p and abundance without the challenge of matching pods between stations. The baseline detectability po was estimated as 0.80 (95% Highest Posterior Density Interval [HPDI] = 0.75–0.85), which varied with observation conditions, observer effects and changes in whale abundance during the migration. Abundance changes were described using Bayesian model selection between a parametric model for a normally distributed common migration trend and a semi-parametric model that estimated the time trends independently for each year; the resultant migration curve was a weighted compromise between models, allowing for key departures from the common trend. The summed estimates of migration abundance ranged from 17,820 (95% HPDI = 16,150–19,920) in 2007/08 to 21,210 (95% HPDI = 19,420–23,230) in 2009/10, consistent with previous estimates and indicative of a stable population.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of whalewatching in Península Valdés, Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Fazio Ana , Arguelles Maria Belen , Bertellotti Marcelo
Published: February 2023

Península Valdés (Patagonia, Argentina) is considered one of the best places in the world to watch southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) due to the large number of animals as well as to their predictability and proximity to the coast. The present study describes the spatial and temporal dynamics of whalewatching, and the different groups of whales that were the focus of this activity in Península Valdés during six reproductive seasons (from 2005 to 2008 and from 2012 to 2013). The aim was to generate useful tools to improve whalewatching activity in this area. Data were recorded from 1,816 whalewatching trips operated from Puerto Pirámides. Every trip had several stopovers to watch whales, defined as ‘sightings’. At the beginning of the season, most sightings occurred near Puerto Pirámides port, while at the end of the season, sightings were farther from the port. During the first half of the whale season, trips tended to be coastal and shorter but the groups of whales sighted were more varied, including solitary animals, mating groups and mothers with their recently born calves. In the second half of the season, trips tended to be further from the coast and longer, but the whales sighted were mainly mother-calf pairs, the last group of whales to leave the area. This difference in the characteristics of the sightings as the whale season progressed could be the basis to generate different recreational experience opportunities. Whalewatching has a major impact on the regional economy and whalewatching regulations, if correctly applied, could improve the quality of a conservation plan, considering that both gulfs of Península Valdés (San José and Nuevo) are the main calving areas for this species in the South Atlantic Ocean.
PEMODELAN DAN ESTIMASI POTENSI BATUBARA DI DAERAH JANGGA, KABUPATEN BATANG HARI, PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Rachman Rizki Satria , Sugandhi Rino Destama , Aditiyo Rezky , Wibisono Sigit Arso
Published: February 2023

Batubara merupakan salah satu komoditas terbesar yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan energi listrik di Indonesia. Mengingat batubara merupakan sumber energi yang tidak terbarukan, maka perlu dilakukan eksplorasi untuk mencari sumber potensi batubara baru. Eksplorasi yang dilakukan berada di daerah Jangga, Kabupaten Batang Hari, Provinsi Jambi. Kegiatan ini merupakan kegiatan eksplorasi tahap pendahuluan yang dilakukan bersama Pusat Sumber Daya Mineral, Batubara, dan Panas Bumi. Kegiatan eksplorasi yang dilakukan terdiri dari dua kegiatan, yaitu pemetaan geologi permukaan dan pengeboran inti. Setelah itu, dilakukan pengolahan data untuk merekonstruksi bentuk model 3D lapisan batubara dan menghitung estimasi potensi batubara. Pada kegiatan pemetaan geologi permukaan didapati kondisi geologi daerah penelitian yang terdiri dari dua satuan batuan, yaitu satuan batuan batupasir dan satuan batulempung, serta didapati tiga singkapan batubara permukaan. Kegiatan pengeboran dilakukan pada empat titik koordinat yaitu MK-01, MK-02, MK-03, dan MK-04. Pemodelan lapisan dan estimasi potensi batubara dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak MineScape 5.7. Hasil data pengeboran menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 8 lapisan batubara yang dapat dimodelkan dengan data pendukung berupa data singkapan batubara. Estimasi potensi batubara pada penelitian ini mengacu pada SNI 5015:2019 yang terbagi menjadi kelompok target eksplorasi dan kelompok inventori batubara. Hasil perhitungan estimasi diketahui bahwa total target eksplorasi minimum adalah 1.158.822,74 ton dan maksimum 4.208.379,08 ton, sementara total estimasi potensi batubara pada kelompok inventori tereka sebesar 12.916.775,7 dan inventori tertunjuk sebesar 9.296.304,45 ton.
OPTIMALISASI KEUNTUNGAN MAKSIMAL PENJUALAN SALE PISANG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLEKS DENGAN SOFTWARE POM-QM
Authors: Indrayanti Indrayanti , Risqiati Risqiati , Royanti Nur Ika
Published: February 2023

Sale pisang adalah makanan ringan semi basah yang bahan utamanya adalah buah pisang yang dikeringkan terlebih dahulu untuk mengurangi kadar air. Sale pisang yuli terdapat dua jenis yaitu pisang sale pipih dan sale pisang bulat. Untuk harga sale pisang pipih per bungkusnya Rp 5000 rupiah, sedangkan sale pisang bulat dihargai per bungkusnya Rp 10.000 rupiah. Untuk menjaga keberlangsungan usaha sale pisang, maka diperlukan langkah-langkah untuk mengalokasikan sumber daya dalam hal ini menggunakan variable krecek pisang sale, bahan pelengkap dan harga untuk meningkatkan keuntungan. Karena itu diperlukan kombinasi simulasi data penjualan sale pisang dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dapat menggunakan metode simpleks yang merupakan bagian dari linier programming. Metode simpleks bisa digunakan untuk menghitung hasil keuntungan maksimal dalam penjualan sale pisang. Hasil analisa menggunakan metode simpleks dan software POM-QM didapatkan hasil keuntungan sebesar Rp 135.000 produksi per hari

 

 

Kata kunci : Sale Pisang, Linear Programming, Metode Simpleks, POM-QM
PERBANDINGAN ALGORITMA MACHINE LEARNING UNTUK ANALISIS DAN DETEKSI GANGGUAN SPEKTRUM AUTISME DISORDER
Authors: Taryadi Taryadi , Yunianto Era
Published: February 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) merupakan gangguan saraf dimana seseorang memilki efek seumur hidup pada interaksi dan komunikasi dengan orang lain. Autisme dapat didiagnosis pada setiap tahap dalam satu kehidupan karena dalam dua tahun pertama kehidupan gejala autisme biasa muncul. Gejala ASD muncul dimulai pada masa kanak-kanak dan terus berlanjut hingga remaja dan dewasa. Didorong dengan meningkatnya penggunaan teknik pembelajaran mesin dalam dimensi penelitian diagnosis medis, dalam makalah ini ada upaya untuk mengeksplorasi kemungkinan penggunaan Naïve Bayes, Regresi Logistik, Support Vector Machine, Neural Network, KNN dan Convolutional Neural Network untuk memprediksi dan menganalisis masalah ASD pada anak, remaja, dan orang dewasa. Teknik yang diusulkan dievaluasi pada tiga set data ASD non-klinis yang tersedia untuk umum. Dataset pertama terkait skrining ASD pada anak memiliki 292 instance dan 21 atribut. Dataset kedua yang terkait dengan skrining ASD Subjek dewasa berisi total 704 kejadian dan 21 atribut. Dataset ketiga terkait skrining ASD pada subjek Remaja terdiri dari 104 kejadian dan 21 atribut. Setelah menerapkan berbagai teknik pembelajaran mesin dan menangani nilai yang hilang, hasil prediksi dengan model berbasis Convolutional Neural Network memilki tingkat kinerja dan akurasi yang lebih baik yaitu sebesar 99,53% untuk deteksi ASD pada dewasa, 98,30% untuk deteksi ASD pada anak-anak dan 96,88% untuk deteksi pada Remaja.
Correlation Between Left Atrial Indices and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Among Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Henry Aiwuyo Osarume , John Osarenkhoe Osaretin , Ejiroghene Umuerri Ejiroghene , Fredrick Aigbe Fredrick , Mike Atoe-Imagbe Osagioduwa , Aisosa Ogbomo Aisosa , Unuwaje Okoke Eseoghene , Endurance Evbayekha O. , Austine Obasohan Austine
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To compare LA indices and cardiac indices among hypertensive with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction

Methodology: It is an echocardiographic based descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 200 hypertensive patients were recruited from the cardiology clinics using systematic sampling method.

Results: The mean age of the study population was 58.7 ±13.96 (58.42±13.29 for Hypertensives) years while the median age was 59years.The female to male ratio was 1:6. Majority of the cases had isolated diastolic dysfunction n=149 (74.5%), thirty-six (18%) had normal diastolic and systolic functions while 7.5% had combined systolic and diastolic dysfunction (n=15). Left atrial maximum volume correlated significantly with E/E Prime (P= 0.003) and E/A Ratio (P= 0.003). While Left atrial pre-A wave volume (P=0.025), Left atrial diameter did not correlate with IVRT, E/E’, E/A ratio.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Among the hypertensive patients E/E’ significantly correlated positively with all phasic LA volumes compared to E/A ratio. LV mass independently predicted all LA phasic volumes.
El derecho en las Ordenanzas del Consejo Real de Navarra
Authors:   , Lizarraga Rada Mikel
Published: February 2023

La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo el estudio de la organización, funcionamiento e impartición de la justicia por los tribunales reales del reino de Navarra según lo dispuesto en Las Ordenanzas de 1622, así como el análisis de esta fuente compilada por Martín de Eusa. Concebimos la presente investigación desde un prisma iushistórico, de ahí que, siguiendo el modo de proceder habitual en esta disciplina, abordemos el objeto de estudio desde una triple delimitación material, espacial y cronológica. Desde una perspectiva material, cabe apuntar como la historia del derecho ha sido fundamentalmente entendida como la historia de la legislación, de las instituciones jurídicas y del pensamiento jurídico. Por nuestra parte, a efectos del presente trabajo, abordamos de raíz la historia de la legislación judicial y procesal del reino de Navarra, en la medida que este trabajo centra su razón de ser en el derecho albergado en Las Ordenanzas. Acometer el estudio de esta extensa obra, debido a su carácter compilador, también nos ha permitido obtener un conocimiento añadido, pues fruto de trabajar con legislación promulgada entre los años 1413 y 1621, hemos podido vislumbrar la propia evolución del pensamiento jurídico dado en ese momento histórico. Pero no solo eso, ya que, consecuencia de las instituciones que quedan sujetas a lo dispuesto en la obra estudiada, ha dado como resultado la elaboración de un trabajo donde se abordan, tanto los tribunales reales navarros, como institución como el conjunto de oficiales reales que lo conformaban. La delimitación geográfica viene dada por el marco espacial sobre el que los tribunales reales navarros tenían competencias jurisdiccionales para dictaminar justicia en base al ordenamiento jurídico navarro, recordemos, de carácter privativo en el periodo histórico objeto de estudio. Así, este quedará conformado por los límites geográficos del reino entre 1512 y 1836, que coinciden a grandes rasgos con los que actualmente delimita la Comunidad Foral de Navarra, pues a partir de la conquista de Navarra no hubo cambios territoriales, salvo la reincorporación de la villa de Los Arcos y sus aldeas. A nuestro favor juega que en el presente trabajo no se aborda ningún asunto tocante a la jurisdicción eclesiástica, pues bien sabido es que el territorio vinculado a la diócesis de Pamplona no correspondía con los límites del reino, aunque si abordaremos aquellos conflictos jurisdiccionales habidos entre los tribunales reales navarros y otros de la monarquía. La delimitación cronológica resulta de interés si atendemos a la fuente estudiada, pues cabe diferenciar dos marcos temporales diferenciados, aunque sin duda vinculados entre sí. El primero será el comprendido entre 1413 y 1621, periodo en el que se identifica la legislación más antigua y más reciente compilada en la obra. El segundo periodo será el que abarca desde 1622 y 1836, fase en lo que lo dispuesto en Las Ordenanzas cursó efecto jurídico a la hora de regir el funcionamiento y organización de los tribunales reales navarros.
БІЛІМ БЕРУ ЖҮЙЕСІНДЕ АҚПАРАТТЫҚ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯНЫ ҚОЛДАНУДЫҢ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ
Authors: М. Р. Байгабулов  , Р. Муратхан  , А. Е. Сланбекова
Published: February 2023

"Мақалада білімдер ұсынудің әдістері негізінде шешім қабылдауда интеллектуалды жүйенің ерекшеліктері мен тұжырымдамасы қарастырылады. Логикалық модельдер мен фреймге негізделген жүйелерді, семантикалық желілерді когнитивтік саладағы типтік модельдер туралы айтылады. Білімді бейнелеудің теориялық әдістерін талдау логикалық зерттеу шеңберінде жүзеге асырылады. Білімді бейнелеу моделі бірінші ретті логикалық предикаттардың есептелуі әзірленсе, білімді бейнелеудің басқада әдістері математикалық формализм негізінде көрсетілген. Берілген мақалада білімдер ұсыну ретінде семантикалық желілерді пайдаланатын эксперттік жүйелерге талдау жүргізілді. Жұмыстың мақсаты шешім қабылдау технологиясында білімдер ұсыну әдістері негізінде интеллектуалды жүйесін жасау болды. Жұмысты орындауда эксперттік жүйелерге талдау жүргізілді, білімдер ұсыну әдістері зерттелді, шешім қабылдау технологиясында интеллектуалды жүйенің бағдарламалық құралдары әзірленді. Мақалада білімдер ұсынудың әдістері мен моделдерінің ерекшеліктері зерттелді. Білімдер ұсынудың көптеген түрлері бар осылардың ішінде логикалық модельдер, фреймдер, семантикалық желі, өндіріс жүйелері, предикаттар, объектіге бағытталған бағдарламалардың қасиеттері сараптамалық жүйенің құрылымымен анықталады. Сараптамалық жүйенінің құрылымы білімді негіздеуде тікесінен сарапшы көмегімен жүзеге асырылады. Ақпараттық жүйе Delphi бағдарламалау тілі қолдайтын мәліметтер қорларының серверлік кестесі Microsoft SQL Server – ді қолданып, қажетті кесте құрастыруда оның құрылымын сипаттау, олардын арасында байланыстарды ұйымдастыру арқылы жасалды. Кілтті сөздер: логикалық модель, фрейм, семантикалық желілер, машиналық оқыту, алгоритм, интеллект."
ФРАКТАЛЬНАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ И ФРАКТАЛЬНЫЙ ИНЖИНИРИНГ – НОВЫЕ ПОНЯТИЯ В ТЕОРИИ И ПРАКТИКЕ ФРАКТАЛОВ И ДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО ХАОСА
Authors: А. А. Потапов
Published: February 2023

"В данной статье представлен аналитический обзор исследований по фрактальному инжинирингу. Приведено описание становления философии фрактальной инженерии в Китае с разъяснением причин ее расцвета. Показаны результаты исследований автора в области фракталов и их инженерных приложений, в частности, основные фундаментальные исследования по текстурным и фрактальным направлениям. Впервые определен принципиально новый класс топологических текстурно-мультифрактальных признаков, позволяющих совместно оценивать различные фрактальные свойства текстуры. Автором приведены важные результаты в следующих областях фотоники, радиофотоники, вычислительной метаоптики и диэлектрических 2D метаматериалов или вычислительных метаповерхностей, полученные совместно с китайскими учеными за период 2019-2021 годы. А также автором предложен дизайн нечувствительной к поляризации метаповерхности. Исследования в данной области могут стать базой для дальнейшего развития и обоснования практического применения топологических фрактально-скейлинговых и текстурных методов в современной радиофизике, радиолокации, нанотехнологиях и фотонике, а также в совершенствовании принципиально новых и более точных топологических текстурно-фрактальных оптимальных методов обнаружения и измерения параметров сигналов в пространственно-временном радиолокационном и навигационном канале распространения волн с рассеянием. Ключевые слова: фрактальный инжиниринг, фрактально-скейлинговый метод, текстурно-мультифрактальные признаки, 2D - метаматериал, метаповерхность, метаоптика. "
A transformação ecológica do Direito de danos e a imprescritibilidade do dano ambiental na jurisprudência brasileira
Authors: De Araujo Ayala Patryck , Morato Leite José  Rubens
Published: February 2023

Por meio do método indutivo e de pesquisa bibliográfica, este trabalho tem por objetivo propor a emergência de uma assim denominada transformação ecológica do Direito de danos, compreendendo-a como parte de uma abordagem ecológica sobre os direitos, que, no Direito brasileiro, considera-se viabilizada pela jurisprudência dos tribunais superiores. Sustenta-se que o cenário de aceleração de perda de biodiversidade em escala global – mesmo diante da proliferação de instrumentos normativos – sugere que as normas jurídicas ainda podem colaborar para o enfrentamento das ameaças existenciais, se os limites do planeta puderem ser adequadamente respeitados pelo Direito. Desse modo, argumenta-se que a confirmação da tese da imprescritibilidade dos danos ambientais, afirmada pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça, e mais recentemente pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, sugere um caminho de progressiva redução das hipóteses de exclusão de responsabilização dos danos ambientais, aliado a um caminho de facilitação da relação de imputação de danos. Para além dessa compreensão, a consideração do princípio in dubio pro natura pelas tribunais superiores tem viabilizado propor que, no domínio da reparação dos danos ambientais, as particularidades de seus efeitos oportuniza uma interpretação das normas que favoreça a proteção da natureza, em conjunto com a necessidade de se oferecer maior proteção às vítimas.
Dual-Tasking in Daily Activities Among Adults With and Without Stroke
Authors: Fokas Emily E. , Parnandi Avinash R. , Venkatesan Anita , Pandit Natasha G. , Wirtanen Audre A. , Nilsen Dawn M. , Schambra Heidi M.
Published: February 2023

Importance: In laboratory settings, dual-tasking is a performance strategy affected by dominance and stroke. However, the volitional use of dual-tasking has not been examined during naturalistic performance of activities of daily living (ADLs).

Objective: To examine dual-tasking in the context of ADLs and identify whether dominance and stroke influence its use.

Design: Cross-sectional, observational.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Participants: Forty-three participants with chronic stroke and upper extremity (UE) motor impairment and 19 control participants without stroke.

Outcomes and Measures: We identified dual-tasking as the performance of dual-object primitives (DOPs), a functional strategy to manage two objects simultaneously. We videotaped participants performing feeding and toothbrushing tasks and identified the initiation and frequency of DOPs. We assessed whether these outcomes were influenced by UE dominance or paresis and whether among participants with stroke these outcomes were influenced by motor impairment (using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment) or cognitive impairment (using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment).

Results: DOP initiation was reduced on the nondominant side of control UEs and in the paretic UE of participants with stroke. After DOPs were initiated, however, their frequency was not significantly related to dominance or paresis. Among participants with stroke, DOP initiation but not DOP frequency was influenced by motor impairment, and neither were influenced by cognitive impairment.

Conclusions and Relevance: The initiation of dual-tasking is curtailed in the nondominant and paretic UEs, extending previous laboratory-based findings to a more naturalistic setting. These results may reflect a demand on neural resources that is exceeded when these limbs are used.

What This Article Adds: DOPs, a functional strategy to simultaneously engage two objects during ADLs, could serve as a behavioral marker of dual-tasking in real-world activities, supporting their investigation more broadly. Practicing DOPs in rehabilitation could also train the integration of dual-tasking strategies in activity execution.
PERAN WISATA RELIGI MASJID AL-ALAM TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN UMKM
Authors: Mahfudz
Published: February 2023

Pengembangan pariwisata erat kaitannya dengan pemberdayaan UMKM hal ini terjadi karena pemberdayaan UMKM memiliki peran penting dalam menciptakan lapangan kerja, pertumbuhan ekonomi, serta mampu meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Hal inilah yang membuat penelitian ini menjadi penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peran wisata religi masjid al-alam dalam mengembangkan dan memberdayakan UMKM. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor wisata religi memiliki peran dalam pengembangan dan pemberdayaan UMKM. namun peran tersebut belum maksimal. Wisata religi memberikan dampak positif ekonomi bagi masyarakat.
ԷԹՆՈԿԱՐԾՐԱՏԻՊԵՐԻ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ «ՄԻՋՄՇԱԿՈՒԹԱՅԻՆ ՀԱՂՈՐԴԱԿՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ» ԱՌԱՐԿԱՅԻ ԴԱՍԱՎԱՆԴՄԱՆ ԸՆԹԱՑՔՈՒՄ / ANALYSIS OF ETHNOSTEREOTYPES DURING TEACHING OF THE SUBJECT "INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION"
Authors: MOVSISYAN NANE
Published: February 2023

This article refers to the analysis of ethnostereotypes within the framework
of the subject "Intercultural Communication". Introducing the types of
ethnostereotypes, emphasis is made on the methods of studying the topic.
Referring to autostereotypes and heterostereotypes, distinguishing positive,
negative and neutral types, their examples are shown not only in linguistics,
literature, but also in art. The article emphasizes that during the teaching of the
"ethnostereotypes" topic, it is necessary to present the ethnostereotypes in the
context of the history of painting, literature, cinematography, music, highlight
cultural features, emphasize the linguistic aspect of ethnostereotypes, the
importance of linguistic thinking from the point of view of the formation of
ethnonyms, etc. The point of view is put forward that thanks to the dialogue
method, role distribution, the student forms an even deeper understanding of
the presented topic, ethno-stereotypes, and is able to clearly distinguish a
stereotype from an ethno-stereotype, distinguish whether an ethno-stereotype
reflects the mentality of a given nation or not, evaluate both positive and negative
role of ethno-stereotype in intercultural communication.
Alveolar organoids: development of an in vitro assay to facilitate pulmonary toxicity assessments
Authors: Lee Jooyeon , Baek Hyosin , Hong Seok-Ho , Lee Jong-Hee , Wang Seung-Jun , Lee Ji Young , Song Myung Ha , Yang Se-Ran
Published: February 2023

Animal experiments have been performed to predict toxicity in humans in many fields, including toxicology, medicine, and pharmacology, and have contributed to increasing life expectancy. However, animal testing has been a controversial issue for over 100 years due to ethical concerns, and inter-species differences pose limitations for understanding human responses to toxicity. In recent years, many researchers have developed in vitro and in silico alternatives to using animals (e.g., 3-dimensional [3D] organoid culture, organs-on-a-chip, and advanced computer modeling). In this study, we generated 3D alveolar organoids (AOs) for pulmonary toxicity testing following exposure to chemicals, instead of animal models or two-dimensional culture of a single cell type. After human induced pluripotent stem cells were cultured with differentiation medium corresponding to each step for 14 days in 6-well plates, AOs were generated by forced aggregation and cultured with differentiation medium. The AOs were exposed to acrolein and sodium chromate for 24, 72, and 120 hours, and we determined the cytotoxicity of these chemicals using the MTT assay. Exposure to acrolein and sodium chromate for 24 hours decreased proliferation, but the organoid size did not change considerably. However, long-term exposure to acrolein and sodium chromate significantly decreased the organoid size. These findings suggest that AOs could facilitate acute toxicity assessments based on measurements of cell viability in AOs, as well as sub-chronic toxicity assessments based on measurements of both size and viability.
Patterns of Health Services Utilization During Pregnancy, Delivery, and Postpartum Period: Evidence from Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey
Authors: Zafar Rabia , Sheraz Ayesha , Midhet Farid , Ishfaq Sidra
Published: February 2023

Utilization of health services is a multidimensional behavioural phenomenon, particularly when it comes to pregnancy and delivery concerns. The importance of maternal health care services in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity has received a significant recognition. Most of the maternal deaths can be prevented if women have access to basic antenatal, delivery and postnatal care. However, uptake of maternal health care services is very low even in the areas where they are extensively available. The aim of this study is to assess the pattern and identify underlying factors on maternal health care utilization in Pakistan. Data is taken from Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey (PMMS) 2019. Logistic regression was performed and adjusted odd ratios were calculated by using three dependent variables – Ideal Antenatal Care (IANC), birth assisted by Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA), and Postnatal Care (PNC). Impact of biological and socio-demographic variables were computed, and findings revealed that with the increase in age, education and household wealth, women are more likely to have better opportunities to use ANC, SBA and PNC. The focus of policy considerations should be on the provision of high-quality services as well as on educating women about the value of receiving such services during pregnancy and the postpartum period through education and awareness campaigns. Moreover, skilled staff and voluntary health workers can be recruited to make future agendas in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity more successful.
Käännös kapitalismin jäljissä
Authors: Alhojärvi Tuomo , Tuomikoski Anna
Published: February 2023

Moninaiset kielet, kulttuurit ja elämänmuodot sinnittelevät kapitalistisen järjestelmän pihtiotteessa. Niiden sukupuutot etenevät kiihtyvää tahtia elontuhon rinnalla: kielten kirjo korvautuu binääri­koodeilla, ja valtakielten hegemonia ahdistaa pienten kielten puhujia ja tutkijoita (esim. Heller & McElhinny 2017). Samalla kapitalistinen järjestelmä itsessään voidaan nähdä valtavana käännöskoneena (Tsing 2020), joka muuntaa kaiken marginaaleissaan, toisissa talousjärjestelmissä, syntyvän universaalikielelleen: lisäarvoksi. Käännökset ovat siis elimellinen osa sitä lisä­arvoa tuottavaa koneistoa, joka samalla tuottaa ja uusintaa yhteiskunnallisia valta­rakenteita (esim. Liu toim. 2000). Toisaalta kuten Barbara Cassin (2016) muistuttaa, kääntäminen – reittien etsiminen kielten ja merkkijärjestelmien­ välillä – pakottaa ottamaan moninaisuuden ja moni­merkityksisyyden todesta ja mutkistaa heti paikalla ajatusta universaalista, oli tuo universaali­kieli sitten yksinkertaistettu englanti, logos tai ­lisäarvo. Kääntäminen on siis myös toimintaa, joka vastustaa, varioi ja kumoaa – elää omaa elämäänsä. Niinpä kääntäminen on hedelmällinen paikka ajatella ja tehdä toisin kielessä välittyviä ja eläviä valtasuhteita. Tämä pinne on jälkikapitalistisen käännöstyön ytimessä.
Käännöskoneesta performatiivisuuteen
Authors: Koskinen Kaisa
Published: February 2023

”Olivatko Marx ja Engels väärässä”, kysyy Mikko Lahtinen Kommunistisen manifestin viimeisimmän suomennoksen jälkisanoissa (1890/2016). Monessa epäilemättä olivat, mutta yksi manifestin perusajatus tuntuu kestävältä: ”Kunkin historian kauden taloudellinen tuotanto ja siitä juontuva yhteiskuntarakenne muodostavat perustan tuon kauden poliittiselle ja intellektuaaliselle historialle” (mt., 61). Myös manifestin I osan kuvaus­ yhteiskuntarakenteesta on hätkähdyttävänkin osuva, jos sitä peilaa tämän kirjoituksen tarkastelun kohteen, käännösalan, kehitykseen viime vuosikymmenien aikana. Kaikki pysyväinen on haihtunut ilmaan, kaikki pyhä jollei häväisty niin ainakin vakavan uudelleenarvioinnin kohteena, ja kääntäjien on ollut pakko katsoa elämäntilannettaan ja alan keskinäisiä suhteita vailla harhakuvia (vrt. mt., 13). Tässä puheenvuorossa luodaan katsaus käännösalan 2000-luvun kehitykseen ja ennustetaan sen tulevaisuudennäkymiä uuden teollisen vallankumouksen, konekääntämisen, jälkeisessä maailmassa.
PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR PAI MELALUI METODE MIND MAPPING
Authors: JAMALAH JAMALAH
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar PAI dengan menggunakan metode mind mapping. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, setiap siklus 2 kali pertemuan. Cakupan materi yang dipelajari pada siklus 1 adalah Strategi Dakwah Islam di Nusantara, sedangkan pada siklus 2 Sejarah perkembangan Islam di Nusantara. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII MIPA 1 tahun pelajaran 2022/2023 dengan jumlah 34 siswa. Obyek penelitian yaitu peningkatan motivasi dan hasil belajar PAI. Data hasil belajar PAI dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan penilaian hasil belajar. Kriteria keberhasilan tindakan apabila tidak ada siswa yang mendapat nilai di bawah KKM atau 75, dengan nilai rata-rata klasikal 82. Pada siklus 1 masih ada 5,88% siswa yang mendapat nilai di bawah KKM dengan rata-rata hasil belajar 81,00 sedangkan pada siklus 2 semua siswa sudah tuntas dengan nilai rata-rata menjadi 86,29. Hasil penelitian tindakan kelas ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa antara siklus 1 dengan siklus 2. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode mind mapping dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XII MIPA 1 SMAN 1 Mojo Kediri tahun pelajaran 2022/2023 pada materi Sejarah Peradaban Islam di Nusantara.
A COMPLEXIDADE DA EFETIVAÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO EM DIREITOS HUMANOS: ADOLESCENTES AUTORES/AS DE ATO INFRACIONAL
Authors: Quinelatto Rubia Fernanda , Campos Rafael Garcia
Published: February 2023

O presente artigo desvela a complexidade da efetivação de políticas públicas em direitos humanos ao apresentar a trajetória de vida de 15 adolescentes autores/as de ato infracional, do interior de São Paulo-SP. Dialoga-se com as histórias de vida dos/a adolescentes na busca por compreender os mecanismos de violência e exclusão a qual são expostos, a morosidade da justiça social e a quem se destina os direitos humanos. A fundamentação metodológica utilizou de modo articulado a História Oral de Vida e a História Oral Temática, destacando fragmentos das histórias dos/a adolescentes com o escopo de compreensão do contexto social a que estão inseridos/a, reprodução de processos educativos apreendidos, a reprodução do preconceito oriundo na escola e a não efetividade das políticas públicas protetivas. Os principais teóricos foram Michel Maffesoli, Michel Foucault, José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy, Alberto Lins Caldas, que evidenciam a singularidade das histórias de vidas e formação humana.
TRABALHADOR ASSEGURADO PELO INSS COM BENEFÍCIO SUSPENSO, CANCELADO OU BLOQUEADO SEM CONVOCAÇÃO PESSOAL: A POLÊMICA LEI DO PENTE FINO COMO LESÃO AO PRINCÍPIO DO CONTRADITÓRIO E DA AMPLA DEFESA
Authors: Silva Alex Sandro Medeiros da
Published: February 2023

Este estudo pretende geral demonstrar que a prática administrativa atualmente utilizada pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) está em desconformidade com os preceitos da Lei 13.457/17 e o art. 69, §2º, da Lei n.º 8.212/1991 e artigo 43 §4o da Lei 8.213/91. Como metodologia foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, sendo o presente artigo estruturado em seis seções, sendo que a primeira consiste nesta introdução. Ao final deste estudo pode-se concluir e adotar um posicionamento contrário ao que vem sendo realizado pelo INSS por força da chamada Lei do Pente Fino, entendendo não ser regular e legal o ato administrativo que cancela, suspende ou bloqueia o pagamento de benefícios de auxílio-doença, aposentadoria por invalidez ou benefícios assistenciais sem oportunizar a reavaliação de perícia médica revisional para constatação ou não da persistência de incapacitação ou, ainda, avaliação social revisional para os benefícios assistenciais sem viabilizar notificação pessoal, podendo-se dizer que se trata de uma lesão aos princípio do contraditório e da ampla defesa, bem como ao direito de proteção social do cidadão trabalhador.
DIDÁTICA DO ENSINO SUPERIOR NA FORMAÇÃO DE MESTRES E DOUTORES EM MEDICINA TROPICAL
Authors: Gomes Bruno Severo , Coêlho Rosângela Cunha Duarte
Published: February 2023

A didática tradicional, centrada na preocupação com o ensinar, continua predominando nas práticas pedagógicas do ensino superior, apesar do notável avanço da didática moderna, centrada na preocupação com a aprendizagem. O papel do professor é, então, o de desafiar, estimular, ajudar os alunos na construção de uma relação com o objeto de aprendizagem que, em algum nível, atenda a necessidade dos mesmos, auxiliando-os a tomar consciência das necessidades socialmente existentes numa formação universitária. Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar a relevância da disciplina Didática do Ensino Superior na formação dos alunos egressos de um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical. A pesquisa foi estruturada em duas fases, com a utilização de instrumentos de coleta de dados de cada uma das quatro turmas de alunos matriculados na disciplina Metodologia Didática do Ensino Superior. O papel da disciplina na inserção social é verificado pelo contato constante com o docente, mesmo após a conclusão da disciplina, aplicação das ações vivenciadas na disciplina em instituições de ensino médio, técnico e superior pelos egressos, indicando o papel de formação de recursos humanos para a educação básica e superior.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak-Hak Anak dan Perempuan Pasca Perceraian
Authors: Priyadi Aris
Published: February 2023

Abstract

In general, it can be said that it is the will of the people who carry out the marriage, that the marriage will continue and only be interrupted when one of the husbands or wives dies. But in reality, maintaining a happy and eternal family is not easy. In the course of the household, there are often problems that result in disputes and quarrels. When the rights of one party are violated, or one of the parties does not carry out their obligations, there will be turmoil in the household. Many husbands and wives finally decide to end their marriage by divorce. Divorce has legal consequences both for ex-husbands and ex-wives and for children. The Marriage Law does not provide a clear description if there is a dispute or struggle for child custody (hadhanah), then custody of the child is given to the father or mother. However, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) provides a more detailed description of child custody or hadhanah. Based on Article 105 in conjunction with Article 156 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI).

Keywords: Post-divorce, children's rights, women's rights.

Pada umumnya, dapat dikatakan bahwa, sudah menjadi kehendak dari orang-orang yang melangsungkan perkawinan, agar perkawinannya berlangsung terus menerus dan hanya terputus apabila salah seorang baik suami ataupun isteri meninggal dunia. Namun dalam kenyataanya, mempertahankan keluarga yang bahagia dan kekal tidaklah mudah. Dalam perjalanan rumah tangga, seringkali terjadi masalah yang mengakibatkan perselisihan dan pertengkaran. Ketika hak salah satu pihak dilanggar,atau salah satu pihak tidak menjalankan kewajibannya, maka akan timbul gejolak dalamrumah tangga tersebut. Banyak suami-isteri yang pada akhirnya memutuskan untuk untuk mengakhiri pernikahannya dengan perceraian. Perceraianmempunyai akibat hukum baik terhadap bekas suami maupun bekas isteri dan terhadap anak.

Undang-Undang Perkawinan tidak memberikan uraian secara tegas jika terjadi sengketa atau perebutan hak asuh anak (hadhanah), maka hak asuh anak diberikan kepada bapak atau ibunya. Namun Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) memberikan uraian yang lebih detail tentang hak asuh anak atau hadhanah. Berdasarkan Pasal 105 jo Pasal 156 Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI).

Kata kunci: Pasca perceraian, hak-hak anak, hak-hak perempuan
Putusan /Akta Perdamaian Sebagai Bagian Dari Sistem Mediasi Berdasarkan Perma No. 1 Tahun 2016 Di Pengadilan Negeri Purwokerto dan Pengadilan Negeri Banyumas Tahun 2022
Authors: Priyadi Aris
Published: February 2023

Settlement of civil disputes is known as a peaceful institution as stipulated in Article 130 HIR in essence, the judge is obliged to reconcile the parties in a dispute as the basis for the implementation of the peace process in every civil case examination, but these peaceful institutions are not effective and efficient in resolving a case. dispute resolution (settlement method) out of court, known as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Perma No 1/2016, among other things, states: Every judge, mediator and parties are required to follow the procedure for resolving disputes through mediation. Not taking the mediation procedure based on this regulation is a violation of the provisions of Article 130 HIR/154 Rbg which results in the decision being null and void. The Purwokerto District Court and the Banyumas District Court have in principle implemented the provisions of PERMA No. can be resolved by a peace agreement and confirmed by a Peace Deed Decision.

Keywords: Mediation, Power, Deed of Peace.

Penyelesaian sengketa perdata dikenal lembaga damai sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 130 HIR pada pokoknya hakim wajib mendamaikan para pihak yang sedang berperkara sebagai dasar diberlakukannya proses perdamaian dalam setiap pemeriksaan perkara perdata, akan tetapi lembaga damai tersebut tidak efektif dan efisien dalam penyelesaian suatu perkara, Berkembangnya berbagai cara penyelesaian sengketa (settlement method) diluar pengadilan, yang dikenal dengan Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Perma No 1/2016 diantaranya menyebutkan : Setiap hakim, mediator dan para pihak wajib mengikuti prosedur penyelesaian sengketa melalui mediasi. Tidak menempuh prosedur mediasi berdasarkan perturan ini merupakan pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan Pasal 130 HIR/154 Rbg yang mengakibatkan putusan batal demi hukum.. Pengadilan Negeri Purwokerto dan Pengadilan Negeri Banyumas pada prinsipnya sudah melaksanakan ketentuan PERMA no 1 tahun 2016,walaupun masih sangat sedikit perkara perdata yang dapat diselesaikan dengan kesepakatan damai dan dikukuhkan dengan Putusan Akta Perdamaian.

Kata Kunci: Mediasi, Kekuatan, Akta Perdamaian.