bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P05-07 The association between 24-hour activity composition and back pain in Slovenian university students
Authors: Kastelic Kaja , Burnard Michael D , Šarabon Nejc , Podrekar Nastja , Pedišić Željko
Published: August 2022

Background

Back pain is the most common musculoskeletal symptom. Several risk/protective factors, including sedentary behaviour, physical activity and sleep, have been proposed. Research has typically examined these time-use behaviours in isolation, ignoring the compositional nature of time-use data. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between a 24-hour activity composition and back pain in university students using compositional isotemporal substitution modelling.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 135 Slovenian university students (20 ± 2 years, 70% male) assessed 24-hour time use and back pain. Volunteers completed the SIMPAQ questionnaire (asking about the activity time divided into three categories: sedentary, in bed, and physical activity) and the BackPEI questionnaire (asking about back pain in the past 3 months). The compositional isotemporal substitution analysis based on a logistic regression model was used to examine the association between the activity composition and the occurrence of back pain. The compositional isotemporal substitution analysis based on a linear regression model was used to examine the association between the activity composition and back pain intensity, for those that experienced it. Both models were adjusted for age, sex and BMI.

Results

The prevalence of back pain in the past 3 months was 62%. The 24-hour activity composition was associated with back pain intensity in the symptomatic subgroup, while no associations with the occurrence of back pain was found. Reallocation of 30 minutes from sedentary behaviour to physical activity was associated with a mean reduction of back pain intensity by 0.1 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.201) on a continuous 10-point Visual Analog Scale. Likewise, the opposite reallocation was associated with an increase of back pain intensity by 0.1 (95% CI: 0.003 to 0.21). No significant associations with the intensity of back pain were found for reallocations of 30 minutes to and from bed time.

Conclusion

Study findings indicate that reallocating time from sedentary behaviour to physical activity has a favourable association with back pain intensity. However, the effect size was relatively small and findings need to be interpreted with caution. Further studies including more precise measures of exposure and with larger sample sizes are warranted
P06-01 Development of a French paper-and-pencil association test to measure athletes’ implicit doping attitudes
Authors: Filleul Valentine , d'Arripe-Longueville Fabienne , Meinadier Eric , Maillot Jacky , Chan Derwin King-Chung , Scoffier-Mériaux Stéphanie , Corrion Karine
Published: August 2022

Background

The continued prevalence of positive samples to banned performance-enhancing drugs confirms the importance to maintain the anti-doping efforts. Though the role of socio-cognitive variables in doping attitudes is well identified (e.g., Ntoumanis et al., 2014), the role of implicit processes remains sparsely studied in sports’ doping, especially in high level cyclists. While the potential of traditional computer-IAT has been developed to capture individuals’ implicit attitudes toward doping (Brand et al., 2014ab; Schindler et al., 2015), paper-and-pen IAT offers unquestionably ease-of-administration prospects (Chan and al., 2017). The aim of this study was thus to test and provide a preliminary validation of a French paper-and-pen IAT as an alternative method to measure implicit attitudes toward doping: the IAT-Dop.

Method

This work was based on the testing procedure of the paper-and-pen Personalized Single-Category IAT test (i.e., p&p SC-IAT-P) of Bardin et al. (2016), which we enriched with the procedure of Boateng et al. (2018). This paper was built around four studies: (a) the first study consisted in the development of a preliminary version of the IAT-Dop, (b) the second study measured the dimensionality and criterion validity of the IAT-Dop to confirm the structure of the p&p version, (c) the third study verified its test-retest reliability, and (d) the fourth study explored the relations between the p&p and computerized versions of the IAT-Dop as a first approach to construct validity.

Results

Study 1 developed a preliminary French version of the IAT-Dop based on Chan et al.’s IAT proposal (2017). Study 2 provided preliminary support to the dimensionality and criterion validity of the tool. Study 3 demonstrated the test-retest reliability of the instrument. Finally, Study 4 suggested the construct validity of the IAT-Dop through a significant correlation between the computerized and p&p versions.

Conclusion

The IAT-Dop is a preliminary tested French-language version of a tool for measuring athletes’ implicit attitudes toward doping, with the advantages of simplicity, low cost, and quick administration. This tool should contribute to the better assessment and understanding of the mechanisms related to doping and may be a useful new indicator in the evaluation of prevention programs.
P07-03 The characteristics of the medical prescription for adapted physical activity among the French Health System, experience of the Grand Est region
Authors: Chenuel Bruno
Published: August 2022

Issue/problem

The law of modernization of the French health system promoted in 2016 have authorized any attending physician to prescribe a program of physical activity suitable for patients with a chronic disease. The health benefits of active living habits are now well known but too few physicians have seized this prescription of Adapted Physical Activity (APA).

Description of the problem

APA teachers have come to complement the health professions to deliver APA, and sports clubs have improved their organization to welcome patients who have adequate physical condition. Regional systems have been deployed to receive patients, using such resources. The ‘Médicosport Santé’ guide provides relevant guidance for patients according to physical and/or sporting activities (PSA) and diseases. The medical prescription for APA must therefore become a practical reality for chronic disease patients, guaranteeing a lasting change in lifestyle through more active behavior.

Experience from the Grand Est country

The commitment of certain French Regional Health Agencies, has led certain regions to offer regional systems, as the “Prescri'mouv” plan in the Grand Est country, allowing a step forward to best support the patient from the medical prescription to regular and lasting practice. After medical prescription, patients are directed to an APA professional or physiotherapist, for an initial evaluation and orientation towards one of the three types of care: autonomous practice, labeled structure, specific support.

Lessons

The main objective of APA is to fight against a sedentary lifestyle. With an adequate physical condition, physical activities and sports are to be considered in order to help patients with chronic disease, sources of pleasure and lasting health benefits. New actors have come to strengthen health professionals, and through ‘Sport Santé’ concept, sports clubs have organized themselves to welcome patients.

Main messages

Adapted physical activity is the keystone in the fight against sedentary lifestyle.

New players have come to strengthen health professionals, sports clubs have organized themselves to welcome of and best support patients with chronic disease.

The challenge is for physicians to take hold of this medical prescription for APA, by directing patients towards more active lifestyle habits.
P07-04 A systematic review of key interventional elements in international exercise referral schemes
Authors: Mino Eriselda , Naber Inga , Klamroth Sarah , Weissenfels Anja , Geidl Wolfgang , Gelius Peter , Abu-Omar Karim , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: August 2022

Background

With the first initiatives dating back to the 1990s, the past two decades have seen a rapid increase in the use of exercise referral schemes (ERS) worldwide. Despite the accumulating evidence on their effectiveness, there are currently no international guidelines available to inform the design of such interventions. The key elements and processes employed vary both within and between countries. This systematic review aims to address this frequently overlooked topic by identifying elements that are predominant in international ERS.

Methods

Scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus) and grey literature sources were systematically searched. In order to collect the information relevant for understanding and visualizing all ERS models, a broad spectrum of document types was considered eligible for inclusion, i.e. randomized controlled or pragmatic trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, case series, case reports, qualitative studies, economic evaluations, mixed designs, policy documents, and official governmental reports. We extracted data on scheme components, contents, and main actors involved in scheme delivery. Cross-functional flowcharts were employed to facilitate comparison between different ERS designs: Firstly, the collected data were visualized in flowcharts indicating the pathway a patient follows from beginning to end of an individual ERS. Secondly, elements that appeared more frequently across all included ERS were identified.

Results

Preliminary results identified 18 models of ERS that were eligible for data analysis, including Green Prescription (New Zealand), Hreyfiseðill (Iceland), National Exercise Referral Scheme (Wales). Program designs ranged from short advice by a primary healthcare professional to physical activity prescription and/or further referral to affiliated health professionals. The prevailing actors involved in scheme delivery were physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, training experts, physical activity providers, and coordinators. Seven predominant elements emerged from the comparison between ERS designs: assessment, counselling, individualized physical activity recommendations, written prescription, behavior change techniques, support person, and follow-up.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that takes a closer look at the design characteristics of ERS across the world. Our preliminary results indicate that there are seven key elements. The contribution of these elements on the effectiveness of ERS needs to be explored in future research.
P07-12 Stakeholders perspectives on exercise referral schemes in Germany
Authors: Naber Inga , Mino Eriselda , Klamroth Sarah , Weissenfels Anja , Geidl Wolfgang , Gelius Peter , Abu-Omar Karim , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: August 2022

Background

There is a growing popularity of exercise referral schemes (ERS) and they are widely implemented in nations such as New Zealand and Sweden. To this point, the German health care system (GHCS) is not utilising a structurally implemented ERS, but a research project is currently conducted to develop and test a German ERS. In the first project phase, the aim was to introduce the topic of ERS to relevant stakeholders of the GHCS and to gather their expert opinions on such a potential ERS. Further, the aim was to familiarise the stakeholders to the project and its collaborative approach in developing and testing an ERS.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 relevant stakeholder of the GHCS. In each case, two researchers conducted the interviews between June to September 2019. Main topics addressed during the interviews were potential target groups for an ERS, their own role within an ERS, PA counselling and dropouts that would be expected. During the interviews, stakeholders were encouraged to sketch their ideas for how to organise an ERS on paper. In the analysis, we digitalised these sketches into flow-chart diagrams.

Results

The analysis of the interviews showed that the sketches proposed innovative additions and alternative PA promotion strategies within the GHCS. The stakeholders identified barriers within the GHCS such as the rigid costing of treatments and performance measurements. Some reoccurring important core elements for an ERS in Germany were suggested: having a supportive person, implementing PA behaviour impact, utilising existing PA programs and tailoring individual PA counselling. Some stakeholders envisioned an ERS focusing on their perspectives and desired role within the ERS while others outlined ERS that largely excluded them.

Conclusions

All stakeholders clearly expressed the need for collaboration to develop and test an ERS in Germany. Previous studies have been focused on factors that influence effectiveness, as uptake and adherence. In contrast, these interviews resulted in the identification of concrete barriers and facilitators from the administrative perspective within the GHCS. Different stakeholders show varying degrees of interest in being part of an ERS. This information is highly valuable for the upcoming collaborative process.
P07-13 Barriers and opportunities to improve collaboration between healthcare and physical activity professionals involved in prescribing physical activity for inactive people in the Netherlands
Authors: Collard Dorine , Gutter Kirsten
Published: August 2022

Background

Healthcare professionals play an important role in motivating inactive people with a chronic disease (e.g. diabetes, cancer, heart disease) for physical activity. They can initiate a discussion about physical activity with the patient and refer to a physical activity (PA)-professional for more detailed action-planning through ‘physical activity on prescription'. However, the collaboration between healthcare and PA-professionals to refer and guide patients to physical activities is in its infancy and can be improved. To enhance this collaboration the aim of our study was to evaluate how the collaboration is shaped and what barriers were experienced.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory study in which quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. Two online questionnaires were distributed among PA-professionals in the Netherlands (spring and autumn 2021). Questionnaires were returned by respectively 209 and 116 respondents. Questions on how the collaboration was shaped, how the collaboration worked and what barriers were experienced were asked. Besides that, two focus group discussions were held with PA-professionals (n = 8) focussing on barriers and opportunities to improve ‘Physical activity prescription'.

Results

More than half of the Dutch PA-professionals indicate that they collaborate with healthcare professionals in primary care (56%) to guide patients to physical activities. Far fewer PA-professionals collaborate with healthcare professionals in secondary care (22%). Half of the respondents indicate that they experience the collaboration in physical activity prescription as insufficient (47%). Most important barriers are determined, for example healthcare and PA-professionals are unfamiliar with each other; there is uncertainty about roles and tasks of professionals involved; there is a lack of communication; PA-professionals sometimes do not have the skills to guide people with a chronic disease. Finally, a lack of time and budget limits the collaboration between professionals involved in physical activity on prescription.

Conclusions

The collaboration between professionals to refer and guide inactive people with a chronic disease from the healthcare setting to physical activities can be improved by responding to the barriers that are indicated by this study. This study contributes to improving health-enhancing physical activity in an inactive target group and decreasing the prevalence of physical inactivity.
P08-03 Integrating public health expertise to support green space planning by promoting active lifestyles in Slovenia
Authors: Erjavec Ina Šuklje , Juričan Andrea Backović , Kozamernik Jana , Knific Tjaša
Published: August 2022

Issue/problem

To minimize public health risks and promote HEPA among citizens, an integrated approach between public health experts and spatial planning is much needed. However, cross-sectoral cooperation is very demanding and needs harmonization of concepts and professional terms to reach mutual understanding.

Description of the problem

In 2017 the Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia launched the programme entitled Expert Basis for Spatial Planning of Green Areas, aimed at HEPA promotion for citizens. It was co-financed by the Ministry of Health and based on the objectives in the National Programme on Nutrition and Health Enhancing Physical Activity 2015-2025 and the Strategy of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Children and Youth Environmental Health 2012-2020. Its purpose is to expertly support the planning and development of towns/settlements in Slovenia for better quality of life and direct it for active and healthy lifestyles of citizens of all ages and social groups. To properly address all relevant issues, cooperation with the National Institute of Public Health was established.

Results (effects/changes)

The programme contained multidisciplinary collaboration in a form of consultation workshops and an expert review of the programme publication named Going Out for Health: A green space planning manual to promote physical activity and a healthy lifestyle. The emphasis was on supporting spatial planning issues on quality of green spaces with basic objectives of public health perspectives. The guide is the first example of linking public health promotion approaches and quality aspects of green space planning and design in Slovenia. It contains general guidelines for the planning of green areas aimed at promoting HEPA, expert materials to support municipalities in devising relevant approaches, and decision-making in order to provide useful and attractive green areas.

Lessons

The aspects of green area spatial planning aimed at promoting HEPA are diverse and closely interconnected. The programme and its manual reflect a good cooperation example between spatial planning and public health experts.

Main messages

A good collaboration between urban planners and public health professionals is crucial to prepare useful guidelines for spatial planners and municipality decision-makers on green space planning for HEPA promotion.
P08-06 MOVEluencer: a project to promote physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in a rural community setting
Authors: Holler Peter , Tuttner Silvia , Amort Frank Michael
Published: August 2022

Background

An appropriate level of Physical Activity (PA) is important for both physical and mental health and has also been suggested as a protective element against COVID-19. However, even before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were already a high number of physically inactive people in Austria. Due to ongoing pandemic-related social restrictions, not only a further increase of inactivity is suspected, but also the promotion of PA is currently a major challenge. Therefore, the project “MOVEluencer” which has been running since July 2021, follows a multidimensional PA promotion approach that is less affected by the presence of any social restrictions.

Methods

The project was realized in six rural communities in Styria (a province of Austria), which were selected based on inequality factors related to health and PA. The target groups are physically inactive residents, particularly families and elderly. Overall, the project measures are based on a participatory approach and are implemented in three sections (phase 1 -3).

Results

Phase 1 (July - December 2021) represented an analysis phase in which a photo-challenge was conducted. The aim of the challenge was to identify resources and opportunities for improving active mobility and PA in the communities based on photos taken by residents. Sixty-seven people (43% female) participated in the challenge and submitted a total of 268 photos which were disseminated via the project-specific social media channels. Moreover, in phase 1 working groups represented by members from the project target groups were established. Phase 2 is currently being implemented (since January 2022). One measure is to recruit and train walking buddies to provide regular walks and simple strength exercises along the walking-way. A further measure represents outdoor-educational events, following an interactive learning approach to improve the populations awareness of active mobility and PA in general. During these events, simple tests that assess components of health-related fitness are also offered. Phase 3 will implement target group-specific PA programs currently being developed in the working groups.

Conclusion

Promotion of PA remains significant, especially during a pandemic and in rural communities, as awareness of the benefits of PA in this setting is still low.
P08-11 Capabilities and capitals for leisure-time physical activity among young adults: findings from Switzerland
Authors: Ferschl Susanne , Gelius Peter , Abu-Omar Karim , Abel Thomas
Published: August 2022

Background

The association between physical activity (PA) and social, economic and psychological factors in young adults is well documented. By contrast, the mechanisms by which their perceived options to be active in life shape their actual PA behavior are less well understood. By taking into account individual competences as well as social, economic and cultural resources, Sen's capability approach and Bourdieu's theory of capitals may contribute to a better understanding of how PA levels depend on the chances young adults have to realize activity in daily life. This study explores the influence of a set of PA-related capabilities, conversion factors and different forms of capitals on leisure-time PA among young Swiss adults.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Swiss Federal Survey of Adolescents (YASS), specifically the 2010/11 and 2014/15 panels, to explore capabilities for PA among young Swiss adults (N = 21894; aged 18-25 years). We applied stepwise linear regression analyses to explore the association between continuous PA scores, capabilities to be active, cultural (parental education, parental cultural objects), economic (household equivalent income) and social resources (social connections of parents), as well as individual conversion factors (self-efficiency, own education, health literacy).

Results

Preliminary findings suggest that higher capabilities to be physically active, being female, having a higher education, having parents with a higher education or a higher number of cultural objects, scoring higher on the health literacy scale and being more self-efficient have a statistically significant positive effect on leisure-time PA.

Conclusions

In line with Sen's capability approach and Bourdieu's theory of capitals, our findings indicate positive associations between leisure-time PA, the perceived capabilities to be active in life, different resources and conversion factors. This implies that these approaches may serve as a good theoretical foundation for conceptualizing interventions to effectively promote PA among young adults.
P08-17 Physical activity according to migration status in adolescents living in French-speaking Belgium
Authors: Holmberg Emma , Pedroni Camille , Lebacq Thérésa , Desnouck Véronique , Dujeu Maud , Castetbon Katia
Published: August 2022

Background

Rising levels of childhood obesity is a worldwide concern, with physical inactivity considered to be amongst the many contributors. Worryingly, physical activity (PA) tends to decline throughout adolescence. Although there is extensive research on the sociodemographic disparities of adolescent PA participation, less evidence is available on the potential involvement of immigration status in such disparities. The aim of this study was to investigate PA levels according to migration status among adolescents aged 12-20 years in Belgium.

Methods

This study used the data from the cross-sectional 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in French-speaking Belgian schools (Brussels and Wallonia). A two-stage random sample was used to select participants. Data was collected using self-administrated questionnaires. Adolescents aged 12 to 20 were included in the analyses presented here (n = 8635, boys: n = 4179, girls: n = 4456). The association of global PA (GPA) and vigorous PA (VPA) with migration status (natives, 2nd and 1st-generation immigrants) was analysed using multiple binary logistic regression analyses. Interactions with gender were tested.

Results

The prevalence of adolescents undertaking sufficient GPA (moderate to vigorous PA 60 minutes/day and VPA ≥3 times/week) was higher amongst 1st-generation immigrants (11.7%) compared to 2nd-generation immigrants (7.4%) and natives (8.9%) (p = 0.01). Vigorous PA ≥ 3 times/week was significantly more prevalent amongst natives (52.6%) than 2nd (44.9%) and 1st (48.8%) generation immigrants. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, compared to natives, 2nd-generation immigrants were less likely to participate in sufficient GPA (aOR= 0.83, 95%CI: 0.69-1.00) and VPA (aOR= 0.77, 95%CI: 0.68-0.87). Conversely, 1st-generation immigrants were more likely to be sufficiently active compared to natives (GPA: aOR= 1.44, 95%CI: 1.03-2.01). An interaction between migration status and gender was found for VPA only (p > 0.001). Compared to natives, 1st-generation immigrant boys were more likely (aOR=1.42, 95%CI: 1.15-1.75) and immigrant girls were less likely to undertake VPA ≥3 times/week (2nd-generation: aOR= 0.66, 95%CI: 0.56-0.78; 1st-generation: aOR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.57-0.90).

Conclusions

This study shows disparities in PA participation according to migration status and gender, independently of sociodemographic characteristics, for adolescents living in French-speaking Belgium. These findings will enable to inform future public health initiatives promoting PA in adolescents on migration and gender-specific considerations.
P09-09 Hybrid work and temporal patterns of sedentary behavior in a 24-hour compositional perspective
Authors: Hallman David , Januario Leticia , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Heiden Marina , Wahlström Viktoria
Published: August 2022

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many white-collar workers were requested to exclusively work from home (WFH), which may have affected their sedentary behavior. In Sweden, having less severe restrictions than many other countries, workers were allowed to alternate between WFH and work at the office (WAO), so called hybrid work. Understanding how hybrid work influences total sedentary behavior and its temporal distribution is an important issue for future health promotion. This study aimed to investigate to what extent office workers changed their temporal pattern of sedentary behavior during days WFH compared to WAO, considering age and gender as potential moderators.

Methods

Data were collected from May to December 2020 in office workers (n = 199). Their mean age was 42 (SD 10) years and 55% were women. Physical behaviors were measured using a thigh-worn accelerometer (AxivityAX3) for seven consecutive days. A diary identified working hours, time-in-bed and days WFH or WAO. Time-use was classified as short (0-5 min), moderate (5-30 min) and long bouts (>30 min) of sedentary behavior (SB), non-SB, and time-in-bed during workdays (WAO and WFH) and non-workdays. We used Compositional data analysis to express data as 24-hour compositions and linear mixed models to estimate difference in 24-hour compositions between day types (within worker), including age and gender as covariates and moderators.

Results

We found that workdays (WFH and WAO) were associated with proportionally less time-in-bed relative to time awake, more time SB relative to non-SB, and more time in longer relative to shorter sedentary bouts, compared to non-workdays (all p > 0.001). WFH was associated with more time-in-bed relative to awake and more SB relative to non-SB than WAO (p > 0.05), but the differences for sedentary bouts were not significant. Younger workers and women had more SB, and women accumulated more time than men in longer relative to shorter bouts of SB. However, age and gender did not affect differences between day types.

Conclusions

Working from home influenced 24-hour time-use in office workers by increasing sedentary behavior in total, while its temporal pattern was unchanged. Results contribute to evidence that can support organizational policies on hybrid work.
P10-09 Acceptability of technology-based physical activity interventions in obese females: a qualitative study
Authors: Thérouanne Pierre , Hayotte Meggy , Halgand Florent , d'Arripe-Longueville Fabienne
Published: August 2022

Background

The effectiveness of technology-based physical activity interventions (TbPAI) has recently been shown for obese women (Cotie et al., 2018). However, the acceptability of TbPAI has often been considered through the measure of satisfaction, and not through the theoretical concepts of acceptability. To our knowledge, TbPAI acceptability has never been explored in bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study was to explore in-depth the facilitators of and barriers to TbPAI acceptability according to the theoretical concepts of the UTAUT2 model (Venkatesh et al., 2012).

Methods

Twenty-six women with a mean age of 32.9 (SD=5.5) and a BMI of 30.1 (SD=6.5) were interviewed at least 6 months after bariatric surgery. Participants were selected in a panel of obese women who completed measures of acceptability (Hayotte et al., 2020) for each TbPAI, and expressed preference in using at least one of the technologies (10 active video games, 10 mobile application, 6 videoconferencing). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic content analysis. Ethical approval was gained by local committee, and informed consent were obtained from the participants before data collection.

Results

Autonomy, monitoring and feedback were identified as facilitators of mobile application acceptability. Lack of external regulation was perceived as a barrier. Regarding the acceptability of active video games, the playful dimension was perceived as a facilitator, despite several participants showing resistance to any game experience. For videoconferencing, individualization of practice was perceived as a facilitator, whereas appointment constraints were seen as a barrier.

Conclusions

These preliminary results highlighted areas to be considered for the dissemination of these TbPAI in a healthcare setting. These results will also help to better individualize TbPAI counselling according to the barriers and facilitators identified.
Comparative transmission of bacteria from Artemia salina and Brachionus plicatilis to the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Krueger Quinton A , Shore Madisun H , Reitzel Adam M
Published: August 2022

The microbial community associated with animals (microbiome) is essential for development, physiology, and health of host organisms. A critical step to understand the assembly of microbiomes is to determine how effectively bacteria colonize and establish within the host. Bacteria commonly colonize hosts through vertical transmission, passively from the environment, or through food consumption. Using the prey feeding method (PFM), we test transmittance of Bacillus velezensis, Pseudoalteromonas spiralis, and Vibrio alginolyticus to Nematostella vectensis using two prey, Artemia salina and Brachionus plicatilis. We compare PFM to a solution uptake method (SUM) to quantify the concentration of bacteria in these host organisms, with plate counts. Larvae had a similar uptake with SUM at 6 h but had greater concentrations at 48 h versus PFM. Juveniles acquired similar concentrations at 6 h for SUM and PFM using B. plicatilis and A. salina. At 2 days, the quantity of bacteria vectored from PFM increased. After 7 days the CFUs decreased 2-fold with B. plicatilis and A. salina relative to the 2-day concentrations, and further decreased after 14 days. Therefore, prey-mediated methods provide greater microbe transplantation than SUM after 24 h, supporting this approach as a more successful inoculation method of individual bacterial species.
Impact of sedimentary basins on Green’s functions for static slip inversion
Authors: Langer Leah , Beller Stephen , Hirakawa Evan , Tromp Jeroen
Published: August 2022

Earthquakes often occur in regions with complex material structure, such as sedimentary basins or mantle wedges. However, the majority of co-seismic modelling studies assume a simplified, often homogeneous elastic structure in order to expedite the process of model construction and speed up calculations. These co-seismic forward models are used to produce Green’s functions for finite-fault inversions, so any assumptions made in the forward model may introduce bias into estimated slip models. In this study, we use a synthetic model of a sedimentary basin to investigate the impact of 3-D elastic structure on forward models of co-seismic surface deformation. We find that 3-D elastic structure can cause changes in the shape of surface deformation patterns. The magnitude of this effect appears to be primarily controlled by the magnitude of contrast in material properties, rather than the sharpness of contrast, the fault orientation, the location of the fault, or the slip orientation. As examples of real-world cases, we explore the impact of 3-D elastic structure with a model of the Taipei basin in Taiwan and a simulated earthquake on the Sanchaio fault, and with a 3-D geologic model of the San Francisco Bay Area and a slip model of the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake on the Calaveras fault. Once again, we find that the presence of the basin leads to differences in the shape and amplitude of the surface deformation pattern, but we observe that the primary differences are in the magnitude of surface deformation and can be accounted for with a layered elastic structure. Our results imply that the use of homogeneous Green’s functions may lead to bias in inferred slip models in regions with sedimentary basins, so, at a minimum, a layered velocity structure should be used.
‘It’s like if a vape pen and a cigarette had a baby’: a mixed methods study of perceptions and use of IQOS among US young adults
Authors: Duan Zongshuan , Le Daisy , Ciceron Annie C , Dickey-Chasins Ruth , Wysota Christina N , Bar-Zeev Yael , Levine Hagai , Abroms Lorien C , Romm Katelyn F , Berg Carla J
Published: August 2022

Young adults’ perceptions and use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) are understudied. This mixed methods study analyzed (i) Fall 2020 survey data from 2470 US young adults (meanage = 24.67; 19.5% and 25.2% past-month cigarette and e-cigarette use; 4.1% ever HTP use) assessing HTP use intentions and perceptions (1 = not at all to 7 = extremely) and (ii) Spring 2021 interview data regarding IQOS (most widely available HTP) in a subset of 40 e-cigarette users. Among survey participants, HTPs versus cigarettes and e-cigarettes showed lower use intentions (mean = 1.27 vs. mean = 1.73, mean = 2.16) but were perceived as less addictive (mean = 5.11 vs. mean = 6.28, mean = 5.82) and harmful (mean = 5.37 vs. mean = 6.65, mean = 5.62). HTPs were perceived more socially acceptable than cigarettes but less than e-cigarettes (mean = 3.39 vs. mean = 3.13, mean = 4.37). Among interviewees, most reported limited HTP knowledge. A few perceived IQOS as a hybrid of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Most perceived IQOS as harmful but less harmful than cigarettes and were uncertain in relation to e-cigarettes. Over half reported minimal interest in trying IQOS; common reasons included IQOS containing tobacco, limited flavors and use complexity. The varied perceptions of IQOS versus cigarettes and e-cigarettes underscore the need for continued surveillance of perceptions, use and marketing of IQOS to inform regulatory oversight and potential interventions.
Challenges and Strategies for the Recruitment of Patients With Schizophrenia in a Research Setting
Authors: Deckler Elizabeth , Ferland Melissa , Brazis Stephanie , Mayer Megan R , Carlson Marlene , Kantrowitz Joshua T
Published: August 2022

Background

With numerous potentially novel targets and pharmacodynamic biomarkers for schizophrenia entering late-stage testing, the next decade will bring an urgent need for well-conducted clinical trials. A critically important step for the successful execution of clinical research trials is timely and appropriate recruitment of participants. Patients with schizophrenia can be especially challenging to recruit because of the disability inherent in psychotic spectrum disorders. Research on how best to recruit for clinical trials is understudied. Clearly defining a model for recruitment procedures would be valuable for researchers and, by extension, the patient populations that may benefit from the insight gained by future clinical research.

Methods

This article aims to offer suggestions for recruitment based on years of experience at the Columbia Schizophrenia Research Clinic (CSRC), a hub for clinical trials focusing on the etiology and treatment of various psychotic disorders.

Results

The present report provides practical, step-by-step recommendations for implementing the highly effective CSRC recruitment model, including the benefits of 2 recruitment initiatives that were instituted in 2018: hiring a dedicated recruiter and targeted chart reviews at affiliated clinics. Other topics discussed include our umbrella protocol and database, advertising, and tips for collaborating with external sites.

Conclusions

Despite ongoing complications from coronavirus disease 2019, these strategies have been successful, increasing the rate of both consents and study enrollments by approximately 40% and enabling the CSRC to conduct multiple studies simultaneously.
Pharmacodynamic evaluation of intermittent versus extended and continuous infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam in a hollow-fibre infection model against Escherichia coli clinical isolates
Authors: Sumi Chandra Datta , Heffernan Aaron J , Naicker Saiyuri , Cottrell Kyra , Wallis Steven C , Lipman Jeffrey , Harris Patrick N A , Sime Fekade B , Roberts Jason A
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To compare the bacterial killing and emergence of resistance of intermittent versus prolonged (extended and continuous infusions) infusion dosing regimens of piperacillin/tazobactam against two Escherichia coli clinical isolates in a dynamic hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM).

Methods

Three piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens (4/0.5 g 8 hourly as 0.5 and 4 h infusions and 12/1.5 g/24 h continuous infusion) against a ceftriaxone-susceptible, non-ESBL-producing E. coli 44 (Ec44, MIC 2 mg/L) and six piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens (4/0.5 g 8 hourly as 0.5 and 4 h infusions and 12/1.5 g/24 h continuous infusion; 4/0.5 g 6 hourly as 0.5 and 3 h infusions and 16/2 g/24 h continuous infusion) were simulated against a ceftriaxone-resistant, AmpC- and ESBL-producing E. coli 50 (Ec50, MIC 8 mg/L) in a HFIM over 7 days (initial inoculum ∼107 cfu/mL). Total and less-susceptible subpopulations and MICs were determined.

Results

All simulated dosing regimens against Ec44 exhibited 4 log10 of bacterial killing over 8 h without regrowth and resistance emergence throughout the experiment. For Ec50, there was the initial bacterial killing of 4 log10 followed by regrowth to 1011 cfu/mL within 24 h against all simulated dosing regimens, and the MICs for resistant subpopulations exceeded 256 mg/L at 72 h.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that, for critically ill patients, conventional intermittent infusion, or prolonged infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam may suppress resistant subpopulations of non-ESBL-producing E. coli clinical isolates. However, intermittent, or prolonged infusions may not suppress the resistant subpopulations of AmpC- and ESBL-producing E. coli clinical isolates. More studies are required to confirm these findings.
Optimal ceftazidime/avibactam dosing exposure against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Tam Vincent H , Merlau Paul R , Hudson Cole S , Kline Ellen G , Eales Brianna M , Smith James , Sofjan Amelia K , Shields Ryan K
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales are considered urgent public health threats and often treated with a β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination. However, clinical treatment failure and resistance emergence have been attributed to inadequate dosing. We used a novel framework to provide insights of optimal dosing exposure of ceftazidime/avibactam.

Methods

Seven clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing different KPC variants were examined. Ceftazidime susceptibility (MIC) was determined by broth dilution using escalating concentrations of avibactam. The observed MICs were characterized as response to avibactam concentrations using an inhibitory sigmoid Emax model. Using the best-fit parameter values, %fT>MICi was estimated for various dosing regimens of ceftazidime/avibactam. A hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM) was subsequently used to ascertain the effectiveness of selected regimens over 120 h. The drug exposure threshold associated with bacterial suppression was identified by recursive partitioning.

Results

In all scenarios, ceftazidime MIC reductions were well characterized with increasing avibactam concentrations. In HFIM, bacterial regrowth over time correlated with emergence of resistance. Overall, suppression of bacterial regrowth was associated with %fT>MICi ≥ 76.1% (100% versus 18.2%; P < 0.001). Using our framework, the optimal drug exposure could be achieved with ceftazidime/avibactam 2.5 g every 12 h in 5 out of 7 isolates. Furthermore, ceftazidime/avibactam 2.5 g every 8 h can suppress an isolate deemed resistant based on conventional susceptibility testing method.

Conclusions

An optimal drug exposure to suppress KPC-producing bacteria was identified. The novel framework is informative and may be used to guide optimal dosing of other β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Further in vivo investigations are warranted.
Development and implementation of a clinical decision support system tool for the evaluation of suspected monkeypox infection
Authors: Albin John S , Lazarus Jacob E , Hysell Kristen M , Rubins David M , Germaine Lindsay , Dugdale Caitlin M , Heller Howard M , Hohmann Elizabeth L , Baugh Joshua J , Shenoy Erica S
Published: August 2022

Monkeypox virus was historically rare outside of West and Central Africa until the current 2022 global outbreak, which has required clinicians to be alert to identify individuals with possible monkeypox, institute isolation, and take appropriate next steps in evaluation and management. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS), which have been shown to improve adherence to clinical guidelines, can support frontline clinicians in applying the most current evaluation and management guidance in the setting of an emerging infectious disease outbreak when those guidelines are evolving over time. Here, we describe the rapid development and implementation of a CDSS tool embedded in the electronic health record to guide frontline clinicians in the diagnostic evaluation of monkeypox infection and triage patients with potential monkeypox infection to individualized infectious disease physician review. We also present data on the initial performance of this tool in a large integrated healthcare system.
An efficient 3D wave-equation pre-stack time migration for high-density and wide-azimuth data
Authors: Zhao Shengtian , Feng Bo , Tang Xianggong , Shang Xinmin
Published: August 2022

The sharp increase in data size of the high-density and wide-azimuth seismic acquisition makes seismic processing routines very challenging. To reduce the turn-around time of pre-stack time migration (PSTM) for large-scale field data (terra to petabyte size), we present an efficient wave-equation PSTM that is an approximate version of the double-square-root (DSR) migration for moderate lateral velocity variation. By converting the DSR dispersion relation into the vertical-time domain and ignoring an offset-dip term, a novel common-offset ray parameter wave-equation PSTM is developed. Meanwhile, the common-offset ray parameter data (i.e. offset plane waves) can be formed by applying the linear Radon transform to the common middle point CMP) gathers. To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the conventional Radon transform, we integrate the Radon transform result over azimuth, yielding azimuth-independent offset plane waves that are well suited to irregular sampling and uneven offset distribution. Furthermore, the split-step Fourier method is introduced to extrapolate the wavefield efficiently. Since the pre-stack migration of common-offset ray parameter data is migrated independently, the common image gathers (CIGs) can be generated naturally by sorting the migrated sections by ray parameters. A 3D high-density field data test demonstrates the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method, making it very promising for industrial-sized data processing.
Chronic abdominal pain leads to discovery of congenital anomaly
Authors: Uddin Fahad K , Sampson Lorenzo K
Published: August 2022

A 43-year-old female with no history of a cholecystectomy presented with chronic right sided abdominal pain that became worse after fatty food intake. This led to an extensive workup for gallbladder disease for the patient’s source of her pain. She had an initial ultrasound, which showed a collapsed gallbladder around gallstones, which signified chronic cholecystitis. This was confirmed with a hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan with Choletec and morphine as there was no visualization of the gallbladder. Due to the patient’s persistent abdominal pain with associated symptoms and radiographic evidence of cholecystitis, she was taken to the operating theater for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the absence of a gallbladder was discovered. The goal of this clinical case report is to highlight this rare anomaly and how it presents in a clinical setting.
Successful management of a rare case of endogenous endophthalmitis from soft tissue (gluteal) abscess
Authors: Chen Natalie , Chalam K V
Published: August 2022

Endophthalmitis, an ophthalmic emergency carries poor visual prognosis without prompt diagnosis and treatment. Endophthalmitis is often exogenous and rarely endogenous. In this report, we describe a rare case of bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent 51-year-old patient due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus septicemia from a gluteal abscess. Ultrasonography confirmed endogenous endophthalmitis. The patient was treated with immediate intravitreal antibiotic injections, prolonged intravenous antibiotics in association with pars plana vitrectomy, retinal detachment repair and vitreous debris removal. Successful treatment was confirmed with negative blood cultures and a clear vitreous on b-scan ultrasound and fundus photography with improvement of his visual acuity. This case highlights the importance of consideration of rare infectious foci as etiology and prompts treatment for successful resolution of endogenous endophthalmitis.