bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen fertilization impact on soil carbon pools and their stratification and lability in subtropical wheat-mungbean-rice agroecosystems
Authors: Begum Rafeza , Jahangir Mohammad Mofizur Rahman , Jahiruddin M. , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Rahman Md. Taiabur , Rahman Md. Lutfar , Ali Md. Younus , Hossain Md. Baktear , Islam Khandakar Rafiq
Published: October 2021

Nitrogen (N) is the prime nutrient for crop production and carbon-based functions associated with soil quality. The objective of our study (2012 to 2019) was to evaluate the impact of variable rates of N fertilization on soil organic carbon (C) pools and their stocks, stratification, and lability in subtropical wheat (Triticum aestivum)—mungbean (Vigna radiata)—rice (Oryza sativa L) agroecosystems. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCB) with N fertilization at 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140% of the recommended rates of wheat (100 kg/ha), mungbean (20 kg/ha), and rice (80 kg/ha), respectively. Composite soils were collected at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths from each replicated plot and analyzed for microbial biomass (MBC), basal respiration (BR), total organic C (TOC), particulate organic C (POC), permanganate oxidizable C (POXC), carbon lability indices, and stratification. N fertilization (120 and 140%) significantly increased the POC at both depths; however, the effect was more pronounced in the surface layer. Moreover, N fertilization (at 120% and 140%) significantly increased the TOC and labile C pools when compared to the control (100%) and the lower rates (60 and 80%). N fertilization significantly increased MBC, C pool (CPI), lability (CLI), and management indices (CMI), indicating improved and efficient soil biological activities in such systems. The MBC and POC stocks were significantly higher with higher rates of N fertilization (120% and 140%) than the control. Likewise, higher rates of N fertilization significantly increased the stocks of labile C pools. Equally, the stratification values for POC, MBC, and POXC show evidence of improved soil quality because of optimum N fertilization (120–140%) to maintain and/or improve soil quality under rice-based systems in subtropical climates.
Response of maize and common bean to spatial and temporal differentiation in maize-common bean intercropping
Authors: Bitew Yayeh , Derebe Bitwoded , Worku Abebe , Chakelie Gobezie
Published: October 2021

An experiment on maize (Zea mays)-common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropping was conducted for two years (2014 and 2016) at two locations in North western Ethiopia with the objective of determining the spatial arrangement and planting date of common bean. Common bean intercropped with maize at three planting dates (simultaneously with maize, at emergence and knee height of maize) in two spatial arrangements (alternate and paired arrangements).The experimental design was factotrial randomized complete block design with three replications. Sole maize and common bean were included as a check. Results revealed that the spatial and temporal differentiation significantly affect only the agronomic attributes of common bean in common bean-maize intercropping. At Adet the grain yield of common bean (1.9 t ha-1), LER (1.99) and MAI (357) in maize-common bean intercropping was higher when common bean was planted at the same time with maize in paired planting pattern. On the other hand, maximum LER (1.61) and MAI (2.83) at Finoteselam were observed when common bean was intercropped with maize at maize emergence in paired planting pattern. Simultaneous intercropping of common bean with maize gave more stable total land output yield as compared to other intercropping systems but showed high variability as compared to the sole cropping. Thus, it can be concluded that planting common bean simultaneously with maize in paired planting pattern at Adet and planting common bean at maize emergence at Finoteselam in maize-common bean intercropping gave maximum land use efficiency and profitability of the cropping system without reducing the main crop yield (maize).This research also suggested further research on the compatibility of various maize and common bean varieties in different spatial and temporal differentiation.
High-intensity interval training versus progressive high-intensity circuit resistance training on endothelial function and cardiorespiratory fitness in heart failure: A preliminary randomized controlled trial
Authors: Turri-Silva Natália , Vale-Lira Amanda , Verboven Kenneth , Quaglioti Durigan João Luiz , Hansen Dominique , Cipriano Gerson
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Exercise training is strongly recommended as a therapeutic approach to treat individuals with heart failure. High-intensity exercise training modalities still controversial in this population. The study aims to preliminary assess the consequences of high-intensity exercise training modalities, aerobic interval training (HIIT) and progressive high circuit-resistance training (CRT), on primarily endothelial function and cardiorespiratory fitness, and secondly on muscle strength and physical performance in heart failure patients.

Methods

This preliminary multicentric randomized controlled trial comprised 23 heart failure patients, aged 56 ± 10 years old, mainly New York Heart Association classification I and II (%), hemodynamically stable, who compromise at least 36 exercise sessions of a randomly assigned intervention (HIIT, CRT or control group). Endothelial function, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, muscle strength and physical performance were completed at baseline and post-intervention.

Results

Although no effects on endothelial function; both HIIT and CRT modalities were able to produce a positive effect on V˙O2 peak (HIIT = +2.1±6.5, CRT = +3.0±4.2 and control group = -0.1± 5.3 mL/kg/min, time*group p-value<0,05) and METs (HIIT = +0.6±1.8, CRT = +0.9±1.2 and control group = 0±1.6, time*group p-value<0,05). Only HIIT increased isokinetic torque peak (HIIT = +8.8±55.8, CRT = 0.0±60.7 and control group = 1.6±57.6 Nm) matched p-value<0,05. Regarding the physical performance, the CRT modality reduced chair stand test completion time (HIIT = -0.7±3.1, CRT = -3.3±3.2 and control group = -0.3±2.5 s, matched p-value<0,05 and HIIT improved global physical performance(time*group p<0,05).

Conclusion

This preliminary study trends to indicate for the first time that high-intensity interval training promotes a jointly superior effect compared to progressive high intensity circuit-resistance training by improving cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and physical performance. Further research with larger cohort is necessary.

Clinical trial registration number

ReBEC RBR-668c8v.
An improved statistical method to identify chemical-genetic interactions by exploiting concentration-dependence
Authors: Dutta Esha , DeJesus Michael A. , Ruecker Nadine , Zaveri Anisha , Koh Eun-Ik , Sassetti Christopher M. , Schnappinger Dirk , Ioerger Thomas R.
Published: October 2021

Chemical-genetics (C-G) experiments can be used to identify interactions between inhibitory compounds and bacterial genes, potentially revealing the targets of drugs, or other functionally interacting genes and pathways. C-G experiments involve constructing a library of hypomorphic strains with essential genes that can be knocked-down, treating it with an inhibitory compound, and using high-throughput sequencing to quantify changes in relative abundance of individual mutants. The hypothesis is that, if the target of a drug or other genes in the same pathway are present in the library, such genes will display an excessive fitness defect due to the synergy between the dual stresses of protein depletion and antibiotic exposure. While assays at a single drug concentration are susceptible to noise and can yield false-positive interactions, improved detection can be achieved by requiring that the synergy between gene and drug be concentration-dependent. We present a novel statistical method based on Linear Mixed Models, called CGA-LMM, for analyzing C-G data. The approach is designed to capture the dependence of the abundance of each gene in the hypomorph library on increasing concentrations of drug through slope coefficients. To determine which genes represent candidate interactions, CGA-LMM uses a conservative population-based approach in which genes with negative slopes are considered significant only if they are outliers with respect to the rest of the population (assuming that most genes in the library do not interact with a given inhibitor). We applied the method to analyze 3 independent hypomorph libraries of M. tuberculosis for interactions with antibiotics with anti-tubercular activity, and we identify known target genes or expected interactions for 7 out of 9 drugs where relevant interacting genes are known.
Viral suppression among middle-aged and aging MSM living with HIV: Partnership type and quality
Authors: Penukonda Vaibhav , Utz Timothy , Perry Nicholas S. , Ware Deanna , Brennan-Ing Mark , Meanley Steven , Brown Andre , Haberlen Sabina , Egan James , Shoptaw Steven , Teplin Linda A. , Friedman M. Reuel , Plankey Michael
Published: October 2021

Functional support—the availability of material aid, emotional support, or companionship—promotes general well-being. For men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV, having a person who supports you associates with viral suppression. This study examines the association between supportive partnerships and HIV viral suppression among middle-aged and aging MSM living with HIV. A total of 423 middle-aged and aging MSM (mean age, 58.2 years) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study provided self-reported data about their partnerships. Separate Poisson regression models assessed how partnership type, support, strain, and duration from April 2017 were associated with repeated viral load measurements up to April 2019. Of the follow-up visits (N = 1289), 90.0% of participants were virally suppressed. Most participants reported being non-Hispanic White (61.0%) and college-educated (83.4%). Participants were asked about their primary partnerships (i.e., “someone they are committed to above anyone else”) and secondary partnerships (i.e., those who can also be intimate or supportive but not necessarily romantic or sexual). The participants reported: no partnerships (45.2%), only primary partnerships (31.0%), only secondary partnerships (11.1%), or both primary and secondary partnerships (12.8%). Primary and secondary partnerships had mean (SD) durations of 15.9 (11.3) and 25.2 (16.5) years, respectively. Participants reporting both primary and secondary partnerships (compared with no partnership) showed significantly higher odds of being virally suppressed (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00–1.08; p = 0.043). Albeit not statistically significant, primary-only (aPR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97–1.06; p = 0.547) or secondary-only (aPR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.98–1.08; p = 0.224) partnership types were positively associated with viral suppression. Partner support and strain were not associated with viral suppression in any partnership group. Being older and non-Hispanic Black were positively and negatively associated with viral suppression, respectively. Encouraging partnerships should be considered one of clinicians’ many tools to help middle-aged and aging MSM achieve long-term viral suppression.
Perceived-stigma level of COVID-19 patients in China in the early stage of the epidemic: A cross-sectional research
Authors: Lin Bihua , Zhong Guiqin , Liang Zeyan , Huang Jianying , Wang Xiaofang , Lin Yanjuan
Published: October 2021

Objective

To investigate the perceived-stigma level of COVID-19 patients in the early stage of the epidemic and analysed related factors and correlations that affected the stigma levels.

Methods

The COVID-19 patients were selected using the convenience sampling method. Perceived-stigma level was evaluated using the Social Impact Scale (SIS). Frequency was used to describe the general information and disease investigation status of COVID-19 patients; mean and standard deviation were used for describing stigma levels, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test (nonparametric test) was applied for pairwise comparison. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test for grade data, and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner test for multiple comparative analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed, and statistically significant indicators in single-factor analysis were included to investigate the independent factors of stigma. The p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

SIS score of the 122 COVID-19 patients averaged 57.37±9.99 points. There were statistically significant differences in perceived-stigma levels among patients of different ages (p = 0.008), occupation (p <0.001), marital status (p = 0.009), and disease severity (p = 0.020). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age was the main influencing factor of stigma (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The overall perceived-stigma level of COVID-19 patients in the early stage of the epidemic was moderate. Younger, unmarried, and severely ill patients had a higher level of perceived-stigma, with age being the main factor. More attention should be given to the young COVID-19 patients.
An improved reduced-order model for pressure drop across arterial stenoses
Authors: Lyras Konstantinos G. , Lee Jack
Published: October 2021

Quantification of pressure drop across stenotic arteries is a major element in the functional assessment of occlusive arterial disease. Accurate estimation of the pressure drop with a numerical model allows the calculation of Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR), which is a haemodynamic index employed for guiding coronary revascularisation. Its non-invasive evaluation would contribute to safer and cost-effective diseases management. In this work, we propose a new formulation of a reduced-order model of trans-stenotic pressure drop, based on a consistent theoretical analysis of the Navier-Stokes equation. The new formulation features a novel term that characterises the contribution of turbulence effect to pressure loss. Results from three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) showed that the proposed model produces predictions that are significantly more accurate than the existing reduced-order models, for large and small symmetric and eccentric stenoses, covering mild to severe area reductions. FFR calculations based on the proposed model produced zero classification error for three classes comprising positive (≤ 0.75), negative (≥ 0.8) and intermediate (0.75 − 0.8) classes.
The Role of Tailored Public Health Messaging to Young Adults during COVID-19: “There’s a lot of ambiguity around what it means to be safe”
Authors: Cheng Tina , Horbay Braxtyn , Nocos Rochelle , Lutes Lesley , Lear Scott A.
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 global incidence rate among young adults (age 19–40) drastically increased since summer 2020, and young adults were often portrayed by popular media as the "main spreader" of the pandemic. However, young adults faced unique challenges during the pandemic due to working in high-risk, low-paying essential service occupations, as well as having higher levels of financial insecurity and mental burden. This qualitative study aims to examine the attitudes and perceptions of health orders of young adults to better inform public health messaging to reach this demographic and increase compliance to public health orders. A total of 50 young adults residing in British Columbia, Canada, were recruited to participate in focus group in groups of four to six. Focus group discussions were conducted via teleconferencing. Thematic analysis revealed four major themes: 1) risks of contracting the disease, 2) the perceived impact of COVID-19, 3) responsibility of institutions, 4) and effective public health messaging. Contrary to existing literature, our findings suggest young adults feel highly responsible for protecting themselves and others. They face a higher risk of depression and anxiety compared to other age groups, especially when they take on multiple social roles such as caregivers and parents. Our findings suggest young adults face confusion due to inconsistent messaging and are not reached due to the ineffectiveness of existing strategies. We recommend using evidence-based strategies proven to promote behaviour change to address the barriers identified by young adults through tailoring public health messages, specifically by using positive messaging, messaging that considers the context of the intended audiences, and utilizing digital platforms to facilitate two-way communication.
Online college English education in Wuhan against the COVID-19 pandemic: Student and teacher readiness, challenges and implications
Authors: Zou Cuiying , Li Ping , Jin Li
Published: October 2021

Online education, including college English education, has been developing rapidly in the recent decade in China. Such aspects as e-readiness, benefits and challenges of online education were well-researched under normal situations, but fully online language teaching on a large-scale in emergencies may tell a different story. A survey of 2310 non-English-major college students and 149 English teachers from three types of twelve higher education institutions in Wuhan was conducted to evaluate their readiness for online English education during the COVID-19 pandemic, to figure out challenges encountered by them and to draw implications for future online college English education. Quantitative statistics gathered using two readiness scales adapted from previous studies showed that both cohorts were slightly below the ready level for the unexpected online transition of college English education. The overall level of readiness for students was 3.68 out of a score of 5, and that for teachers was 3.70. Individual differences were explored and reported. An analysis of qualitative results summarized six categories of challenges encountered by the students, i.e. technical challenges, challenges concerning learning process, learning environment, self-control, efficiency and effectiveness, and health concern. Though the students reported the highest level of readiness in technology access, they were most troubled by technical problems during online study. For teachers, among three types of challenges, they were most frustrated by pedagogical ones, especially students’ disengagement in online class. The survey brought insights for online college English education development. Institutions should take the initiative and continue promoting the development of online college English education, because a majority of the respondents reported their willingness and intention to continue learning/teaching English in online or blended courses in the post-pandemic period. They are supposed to remove technical barriers for teachers and students, and assess the readiness levels of both cohorts before launching English courses online. Institutions should also arrange proper training for instructors involved, especially about pedagogical issues. Language teachers are suggested to pay special attention to students’ engagement and communication in online courses.
Fungal community characteristics and driving factors during the decaying process of Salix psammophila sand barriers in the desert
Authors: Liang Yumei , Gao Yong , Wang Ruidong , Yang Xia
Published: October 2021

Wood-inhabiting fungi are crucial to wood decay and decomposition in S. psammophila sand barriers, which in turn consumingly influence nutrient dynamics in desert soils. In the case of an extremely arid desert, as opposed to forests, little of known about the fungal community composition of decaying wood and the effects of decomposing wood on soil physical and chemical properties. Combined with high-throughput gene sequencing technology, we investigated the relationships between microenvironment factors with fungal community composition and diversity during the decomposition of Salix psammophila sand barriers. The results showed that the destruction of lignocellulose components during the decay process of S. psammophila sand barrier alters the physical and chemical properties of the surrounding soil. Compared with one-year sand barrier, lignin and cellulose of seven-year S. psammophila sand barrier decreased by 40.48% and 38.33%, respectively. Soil available potassium and available nitrogen increased by 39.80% and 99.46%, respectively. We confirmed that soil available nitrogen, soil pH and soil moisture content significantly affected the fungal community distribution of S. psammophila sand barriers. Sordariomycetes are mainly affected by the positive correlation of soil pH, while Eurotiomycetes are most affected by the positive correlation of soil moisture content and soil porosity. Although our results highlighted the importance of bidirectional interactions between fungi in decayed sand barriers and soil properties, their contribution to the desert ecosystem still needs further confirmation from future studies. However, overall our findings improved the current understanding of the sand barrier-soil interactions on the process of ecological restoration.
Initial dose reduction of enzalutamide does not decrease the incidence of adverse events in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Tsuzuki Shunsuke , Nakanishi Shotaro , Tamaki Mitsuyoshi , Oshiro Takuma , Miki Jun , Yamada Hiroki , Shimomura Tatsuya , Kimura Takahiro , Furuta Nozomu , Saito Seiichi , Egawa Shin
Published: October 2021

Background

There was no clear evidence whether the initial dose of enzalutamide affects the incidence of adverse events (AEs), and oncological outcome in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Methods

The clinical charts of 233 patients with CRPC treated with enzalutamide were reviewed retrospectively. After 1:3 propensity score matching (PSM), 124 patients were divided into a reduced dose group and a standard dose group, and the prostate specific antigen (PSA) response and the incidence of AEs were compared.

Results

190 patients with CRPC initiated with standard dose enzalutamide were younger and better performance status compared with 43 patients beginning with reduced dose. After PSM, the baseline characteristics were not different between the standard and the reduced dose group. In the PSM cohort, the PSA response rate was significantly lower in the reduced dose group than in the standard dose group (-66.3% and -87.4%, p = 0.02). The incidence rates of AEs were not statistically different between the groups (22.6% and 34.4%, respectively, p = 0.24).

Conclusion

Initiating treatment with a reduced dose of enzalutamide did not significantly decrease the incidence rate of AEs, and it showed poorer PSA response rate. There is no clear rationale for treating with a reduced initial dose of enzalutamide to reduce the incidence of AEs.
Evaluation of aquaporins in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Hiraldo-González Laura , Trillo-Contreras José Luis , García-Miranda Pablo , Pineda-Sánchez Rocío , Ramírez-Lorca Reposo , Rodrigo-Herrero Silvia , Blanco Magdalena Olivares , Oliver María , Bernal Maria , Franco-Macías Emilio , Villadiego Javier , Echevarría Miriam
Published: October 2021

Brain aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and AQP4 are involved in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis and might participate in the origin of hydrocephalus. Studies have shown alterations of perivascular AQP4 expression in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to the overlapping of clinical signs between iNPH and certain neurological conditions, mainly AD, specific biomarkers might improve the diagnostic accuracy for iNPH. The goal of the present study was to analyze and quantify the presence of AQP1 and AQP4 in the CSF of patients with iNPH and AD to determine whether these proteins can be used as biomarkers of iNPH. We examined AQP1 and AQP4 protein levels in the CSF of 179 participants (88 women) classified into 5 groups: possible iNPH (81 participants), hydrocephalus associated with other neurological disorders (13 participants), AD (41 participants), non-AD dementia (32 participants) and healthy controls (12 participants). We recorded each participant’s demographic and clinical variables and indicated, when available in the clinical history, the record of cardiovascular and respiratory complications. An ELISA showed virtually no AQP content in the CSF. Information on the vascular risk factors (available for 61 patients) confirmed some type of vascular risk factor in 86% of the patients with possible iNPH and 58% of the patients with AD. In conclusion, the ELISA analysis showed insufficient sensitivity to detect the presence of AQP1 and AQP4 in CSF, ruling out the possible use of these proteins as biomarkers for diagnosing iNPH.
Localizing category-related information in speech with multi-scale analyses
Authors: Tilsen Sam , Kim Seung-Eun , Wang Claire
Published: October 2021

Measurements of the physical outputs of speech—vocal tract geometry and acoustic energy—are high-dimensional, but linguistic theories posit a low-dimensional set of categories such as phonemes and phrase types. How can it be determined when and where in high-dimensional articulatory and acoustic signals there is information related to theoretical categories? For a variety of reasons, it is problematic to directly quantify mutual information between hypothesized categories and signals. To address this issue, a multi-scale analysis method is proposed for localizing category-related information in an ensemble of speech signals using machine learning algorithms. By analyzing how classification accuracy on unseen data varies as the temporal extent of training input is systematically restricted, inferences can be drawn regarding the temporal distribution of category-related information. The method can also be used to investigate redundancy between subsets of signal dimensions. Two types of theoretical categories are examined in this paper: phonemic/gestural categories and syntactic relative clause categories. Moreover, two different machine learning algorithms were examined: linear discriminant analysis and neural networks with long short-term memory units. Both algorithms detected category-related information earlier and later in signals than would be expected given standard theoretical assumptions about when linguistic categories should influence speech. The neural network algorithm was able to identify category-related information to a greater extent than the discriminant analyses.
Multisite verification of the accuracy of a multi-gene next generation sequencing panel for detection of mutations and copy number alterations in solid tumours
Authors: Bartlett John , Amemiya Yutaka , Arts Heleen , Bayani Jane , Eng Barry , Grafodatskaya Daria , Kamel Reid Suzanne , Lariviere Mathieu , Lo Bryan , McClure Rebecca , Mittal Vinay , Sadikovic Bekim , Sadis Seth , Seth Arun , Smith Jeff , Zhang Xiao , Feilotter Harriet
Published: October 2021

Molecular variants including single nucleotide variants (SNVs), copy number variants (CNVs) and fusions can be detected in the clinical setting using deep targeted sequencing. These assays support low limits of detection using little genomic input material. They are gaining in popularity in clinical laboratories, where sample volumes are limited, and low variant allele fractions may be present. However, data on reproducibility between laboratories is limited. Using a ring study, we evaluated the performance of 7 Ontario laboratories using targeted sequencing panels. All laboratories analysed a series of control and clinical samples for SNVs/CNVs and gene fusions. High concordance was observed across laboratories for measured CNVs and SNVs. Over 97% of SNV calls in clinical samples were detected by all laboratories. Whilst only a single CNV was detected in the clinical samples tested, all laboratories were able to reproducibly report both the variant and copy number. Concordance for information derived from RNA was lower than observed for DNA, due largely to decreased quality metrics associated with the RNA components of the assay, suggesting that the RNA portions of comprehensive NGS assays may be more vulnerable to variations in approach and workflow. Overall the results of this study support the use of the OFA for targeted sequencing for testing of clinical samples and suggest specific internal quality metrics that can be reliable indicators of assay failure. While we believe this evidence can be interpreted to support deep targeted sequencing in general, additional studies should be performed to confirm this.
Identification of differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs and pathways in liver tissues from rats with hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Wang Yan , Xiao Xiong , Wang Xiaobo , Guo Feng , Wang Xiaozhong
Published: October 2021

To identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their potential roles in hepatic fibrosis in rat liver issues induced by CCl4, lncRNAs and genes were analyzed in fibrotic rat liver tissues by RNA sequencing and verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) and genes were subjected to bioinformatics analysis and used to construct a co-expression network. We identified 10 novel DE-lncRNAs that were downregulated during the hepatic fibrosis process. The cis target gene of DE-lncRNA, XLOC118358, was Met, and the cis target gene of the other nine DE-lncRNAs, XLOC004600, XLOC004605, XLOC004610, XLOC004611, XLOC004568, XLOC004580 XLOC004598, XLOC004601, and XLOC004602 was Nox4. The results of construction of a pathway-DEG co-expression network show that lncRNA-Met and lncRNAs-Nox4 were involved in oxidation-reduction processes and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Our results identified 10 DE-lncRNAs related to hepatic fibrosis, and the potential roles of DE-lncRNAs and target genes in hepatic fibrosis might provide new therapeutic strategies for hepatic fibrosis.
The proximal proteome of 17 SARS-CoV-2 proteins links to disrupted antiviral signaling and host translation
Authors: Meyers Jordan M. , Ramanathan Muthukumar , Shanderson Ronald L. , Beck Aimee , Donohue Laura , Ferguson Ian , Guo Margaret G. , Rao Deepti S. , Miao Weili , Reynolds David , Yang Xue , Zhao Yang , Yang Yen-Yu , Blish Catherine , Wang Yinsheng , Khavari Paul A.
Published: October 2021

Viral proteins localize within subcellular compartments to subvert host machinery and promote pathogenesis. To study SARS-CoV-2 biology, we generated an atlas of 2422 human proteins vicinal to 17 SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins using proximity proteomics. This identified viral proteins at specific intracellular locations, such as association of accessary proteins with intracellular membranes, and projected SARS-CoV-2 impacts on innate immune signaling, ER-Golgi transport, and protein translation. It identified viral protein adjacency to specific host proteins whose regulatory variants are linked to COVID-19 severity, including the TRIM4 interferon signaling regulator which was found proximal to the SARS-CoV-2 M protein. Viral NSP1 protein adjacency to the EIF3 complex was associated with inhibited host protein translation whereas ORF6 localization with MAVS was associated with inhibited RIG-I 2CARD-mediated IFNB1 promoter activation. Quantitative proteomics identified candidate host targets for the NSP5 protease, with specific functional cleavage sequences in host proteins CWC22 and FANCD2. This data resource identifies host factors proximal to viral proteins in living human cells and nominates pathogenic mechanisms employed by SARS-CoV-2.
Induction of IL-12p40 and type 1 immunity by Toxoplasma gondii in the absence of the TLR-MyD88 signaling cascade
Authors: Snyder Lindsay M. , Doherty Claire M. , Mercer Heather L. , Denkers Eric Y.
Published: October 2021

Toxoplasma gondiiis an orally acquired pathogen that induces strong IFN-γ based immunity conferring protection but that can also be the cause of immunopathology. The response in mice is driven in part by well-characterized MyD88-dependent signaling pathways. Here we focus on induction of less well understood immune responses that do not involve this Toll-like receptor (TLR)/IL-1 family receptor adaptor molecule, in particular as they occur in the intestinal mucosa. Using eYFP-IL-12p40 reporter mice on anMyD88-/-background, we identified dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils as cellular sources of MyD88-independent IL-12 after peroralT.gondiiinfection. Infection-induced IL-12 was lower in the absence of MyD88, but was still clearly above noninfected levels. Overall, this carried through to the IFN-γ response, which while generally decreased was still remarkably robust in the absence of MyD88. In the latter mice, IL-12 was strictly required to induce type I immunity. Type 1 and type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC), CD4+T cells, and CD8+T cells each contributed to the IFN-γ pool. We report that ILC3 were expanded in infectedMyD88-/-mice relative to theirMyD88+/+counterparts, suggesting a compensatory response triggered by loss of MyD88. Furthermore, bacterial flagellin andToxoplasmaspecific CD4+T cell populations in the lamina propria expanded in response to infection in both WT and KO mice. Finally, we show that My88-independent IL-12 and T cell mediated IFN-γ production require the presence of the intestinal microbiota. Our results identify MyD88-independent intestinal immune pathways induced byT.gondiiincluding myeloid cell derived IL-12 production, downstream type I immunity and IFN-γ production by ILC1, ILC3, and T lymphocytes. Collectively, our data reveal an underlying network of immune responses that do not involve signaling through MyD88.
Contribuições sobre a aprendizagem e o ensino do sistema de numeração a partir da pesquisa “Conhecimento numérico em crianças pequenas”
Authors: Wolman Susana
Published: October 2021

Esta mesa é composta por alguns membros de uma equipe de pesquisa que tem a particularidade – entre outras – de desenvolver projetos de pesquisa que abordam o estudo de distintas questões vinculadas à apropriação, por parte das crianças, do sistema de numeração.
Pesquisa ação: Fração e Porcentagem
Authors: Iglesias Ribeiro Alonso Rosa de Lourdes , Erdmann Cibele Nair Rosa , Labiapari Pessoa Carvalho Juliana
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo busca contribuir com estudos sobre a construção do conceito de porcentagem por alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Investiga-se a hipótese de que o trabalho com representações gráficas, a partir de relações de equivalência entre frações unitárias e centesimais, contribui com a construção do conceito de porcentagem. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa-ação, em uma perspectiva colaborativa, realizada em uma turma de uma escola da rede particular da cidade de São Paulo. A análise dos dados coletados permitiu concluir que as representações gráficas favoreceram a construção do conceito de porcentagem e significativa reflexão acerca da equivalência entre porcentagens e frações.
Instrumentos de avaliação do clima escolar adaptados aos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental: evidências de validação
Authors: P. P. Ribeiro Parente Elvira Maria , Unger Raphael Bataglia Patricia , São João Castellini Thais
Published: October 2021

A avaliação do clima escolar é de grande relevância para o diagnóstico e planejamento das ações que permeiam as relações e aprendizagem na escola, uma vez que contempla as expectativas e percepções dos grupos que a compõem. O presente trabalho apresenta as primeiras evidências de validação dos instrumentos de avaliação do clima escolar adaptados para estudantes, docentes e equipe gestora de instituições do Ensino Fundamental anos iniciais. Para isso, retoma o conceito de clima, aborda a elaboração dos instrumentos para o Ensino Fundamental anos finais e Ensino Médio e, em seguida, discorre sobre a adaptação dos instrumentos e índices de validação qualitativa e quantitativa provenientes da aplicação dos instrumentos em 15 escolas. Conclui sugerindo continuidade no processo de validação.
Um levantamento bibliográfico sobre bullying entre crianças de 3 a 6 anos
Authors: Cardero Claudia , Bicudo Bomfim Sanderli Aparecida
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e analisar artigos sobre bullying em crianças de 3 a 6 anos publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Foram encontrados e analisados três artigos científicos que abordam a temática. A quantidade de artigos encontrados evidencia a escassez de pesquisas e publicações sobre situações de bullying entre crianças da referida faixa etária. Esta pesquisa pretendeu contribuir para a discussão sobre a importância da realização de pesquisas com todas as faixas etárias, a fim de ampliar a compreensão do bullying entre educadores e possibilitar uma atuação e um trabalho voltados para o cuidado das relações entre as crianças menores, com a intenção de diminuir o impacto e as graves consequências negativas que o bullying vem causando em crianças e adolescentes.
Infância e participação na escola: que sentido as crianças atribuem às regras e normas dessa instituição?
Authors: Firmina Seixas Silva Conceição , Da Silva Maria Aparecida
Published: October 2021

As regras escolares são normalmente marcadas por uma rigidez, o que – do ponto de vista geracional e hierárquico – dificulta a participação ativa das crianças. Neste artigo, objetivamos refletir os sentidos que as crianças dão às regras a que estão submetidas na escola, as estratégias que criam para participar do cotidiano escolar e como buscam burlar o que consideram injusto. Partimos de um referencial teórico situado principalmente nos estudos da infância e da análise de um trabalho de campo realizado em uma turma do 5º ano de uma escola pública da Zona Norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. As crianças, apesar das inúmeras queixas às regras escolares, consideram a importância de algumas para manter a convivência coletiva, e denunciam aquelas que servem unicamente para cercear os seus corpos.
Dançar, mover, deslocar: o corpo na formação dos profissionais da educação infantil
Authors: Guedes Adrianne Ogêda , Lage Lívia , Vieira Nuelna
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho aborda aspectos referentes aos princípios teórico-metodológicos dos cursos de extensão para profissionais da rede pública de Educação Infantil do Rio de Janeiro realizados em 2013 e 2014 na Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Unirio) em convênio com o Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC). O foco central voltou-se para o campo das artes, em especial as artes corporais. Neste artigo nos dedicamos a explorar os efeitos dessas experiências nos participantes, com vistas a reunir subsídios para investigar perspectivas teórico-metodológicas para a formação de professores. Destacamos excertos das entrevistas realizadas com os professores que trabalharam a dimensão corporal nesses cursos, em articulação com estudos do campo da corporeidade e da educação estética.
Ferramentas para ensinar a ler e produzir em mídias digitais
Authors: Perelman Flora
Published: October 2021

Mergulhar no mundo da ficção por meio da literatura,aprender a estudar e participar da vida cidadã significa, hoje,transitar por experiências nas quais as práticas de leitura,escrita e oralidade se desdobram no papel e na tela. Nossodesafio se encontra em explorar as situações de ensino paraque os alunos possam estabelecer um diálogo relevantecom as formas contemporâneas que os papéis do leitor,escritor, palestrante e ouvinte assumem para se inseriremem nossa cultura. As pesquisas realizadas na Universidadede Buenos Aires são destinadas precisamente a investigaressas situações de ensino.2 Neste artigo, iremos nos deterna análise de situações relacionadas às práticas de leitura nainternet, em contexto de estudo, e às práticas de produçãodigital no ambiente literário, com o objetivo de definir ascondições didáticas necessárias para que os estudantes setornem cidadãos da cultura do nosso espaço e tempo.
Vezetői dilemmák az értékesítési utak átalakítása során
Authors: Bauer András , Mitev Ariel Zoltán
Published: October 2021

Az értékesítési utak számának növekedése több iparágban elfogadott tény, s számos vállalat törekszik újabb értékesítési utak megnyitására. Az újabb utak eltérő piaclefedést biztosíthatnak, s jellegük szerint akár tartósabb versenyelőnyt is biztosíthatnak a vállalat számára akár a kényelem, akár az imázs alapján. A magyar pénzügyi termékpiacon is jelentős elmozdulás történt újabb értékesítési utak megnyitása felé, ami különböző dilemmákat vet fel a vezetők számára. A szerzők cikkükben két tényezőt emelnek ki: az on-line üzleti kapcsolat eltérő jellegét, valamint azt, hogy a vezetésnek - különösen az outsourcing esetében - mérlegelnie szükséges az esetleges etikai vagy akár jogi problémák megjelenését is.
Impaired Proximal Esophageal Contractility Predicts Pharyngeal Reflux in Patients With Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms
Authors: Sikavi Daniel R. , Cai Jennifer X. , Leung Ryan , Carroll Thomas L. , Chan Walter W.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES:

The pathophysiology of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) remains incompletely understood. Proximal esophageal motor dysfunction may impair bolus clearance, increasing the risk of pharyngeal refluxate exposure. We aimed to evaluate the association of proximal esophageal contractility with objective reflux metrics.

METHODS:

We evaluated adults with LPR symptoms undergoing high-resolution manometry (HRM) and combined hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH testing at a tertiary center between March 2018 and August 2019. Routine parameters per Chicago classification were obtained on HRM. Proximal esophageal contractility was evaluated using proximal contractile integral (PCI), which quantifies contractile pressure >20 mm Hg for the region spanning the distal margin of the upper esophageal sphincter and transition zone. Univariate (Kendall correlation and Student t test) and multivariable (general linear regression and logistic regression) analyses were performed.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 138 patients (66.7% women, mean age 57.1 years) in this study. Lower PCI was associated with an elevated risk of increased pharyngeal reflux (adjusted odds ratio 0.83 per 100 mm Hg-s-cm change in PCI, 95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.98), with a trend toward increased bolus exposure time and total reflux events, after multivariable adjustment. The relationship between PCI and pharyngeal reflux was strongest among participants without a primary motility disorder on HRM (adjusted odds ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.42–0.85, P interaction = 0.04). Among continuously expressed reflux parameters, lower PCI was significantly associated with more distal acid reflux events (β = −0.0094, P = 0.03) and total reflux events (β = −0.0172, P = 0.05), after adjusting for confounders.

DISCUSSION:

Reduced proximal esophageal contractility as assessed by decreased PCI on HRM independently predicted increased pharyngeal reflux in patients with LPR symptoms, particularly among those without a coexisting motility disorder.
Film Review - Back to the Bare Bone of Suffering
Authors: Hodgetts Hanna
Published: October 2021

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A translanguage pedagogy to promote Biotechnology concept engagement and academic literacy in a linguistically-diverse university context
Authors:   Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Nakhooda Muhammad , Paxton Moragh Isobel Jane ,   University of Cape Town
Published: October 2021

Following the call for transformation, higher education institutions in South Africa were required to promote and implement indigenous languages in teaching and learning. This has led to various strategies and resources being explored and implemented, multilingual glossaries among them. In science, where English remains the global means of communication, our experience has been that such interventions are often underutilized. A more inclusive, holistic pedagogy is required to adequately prepare students, especially non-English speakers, for international scientific engagement. One such pedagogy is presently proposed and tested. Its purpose is to harness the dominant language - that which is most active in the learners’ minds - to first promote epistemological access to difficult scientific concepts, and after concept acquisition, develop the required English, scientific, and academic literacy. Biotechnology undergraduate students at Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) - many of whom are international - reported enhancing their learning experience and recognised the significance of their dominant language in deep learning as a result of this translanguage pedagogy. Such a pedagogy demonstrates that multilingualism, far from being viewed as an impediment to teaching and learning, should be seen as a rich resource that needs to be harnessed to facilitate epistemic access, cognitive development, transformation, social cohesion, and respect for all languages.
Vouchers for Murder
Authors: Nabi Isador
Published: October 2021

In order to commit murder or mayhem under this program, vouchers must be submitted within one week prior to the actions contemplated or within a month afterward. Persons who commit violent acts without valid vouchers will be asked to enter into Voluntary Consent Agreements to desist from unauthorized murder or mayhem, and up to one tenth of any ill-gotten gains will be donated voluntarily to the charity of their choice, without any implication of admission of guilt.
Differences of Cyberloafing Behavior Outcomes on Men and Women Employees
Authors: Sijabat Rauly
Published: September 2021

The activities of reading news, chatting, viewing YouTube and Facebook or even status updates, Instagram, buying and selling online, to playing online games that are not related to work by using internet facilities are cyberloafing behaviors that are often carried out by employees. The limitations of previous research examining the impact of cyberloafing on work behavior empirically are still very limited. In addition, previous research that explains the occurrence of cyberloafing behavior also shows results that have not been established. Encouraged by these findings, this study aimed to examine the factors that explain cyberloafing behavior and its impact on employees' organizational behavior. To meet these objectives, an empirical model was developed with job characteristics and self-control variables as exogenous variables, job stress and cyberloafing as mediating variables and laziness as endogenous variables. Testing the influence between these variables was carried out with an analytical approach to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which used empirical data obtained through questionnaires as an interview guide to employee respondents in various fields of work. The results of data analysis showed that job characteristics, self control, and job stress were statistically proven to have an effect on cyberloafing behavior. Cyberloafing testing on negative organizational behavior, namely laziness also shows a real influence. In addition, the results of this study also show that there are differences in prevalence caused by cyberloafing behavior between male and female employees.