bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradation of benzene by the heavy-metal resistant bacteriumCupriavidus metalliduransCH34 reveals its catabolic potential for aromatic compounds
Authors: Millacura Felipe A. , Cárdenas Franco , Mendez Valentina , Seeger Michael , Rojas Luis A.
Published: July 2017

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and the three xylene isomers are monoaromatic contaminants widely distributed on polluted sites. Some microorganisms have developed mechanisms to degrade these compounds, but their aerobic and anaerobic degradation is inhibited in presence of heavy metals, such as mercury or lead. In this report, the degradation of benzene and other aromatic compounds catalyzed by the metal resistant bacteriumCupriavidus metalliduransCH34 was characterized. A metabolic reconstruction of aromatic catabolic pathways was performed based on bioinformatics analyses. Functionality of the predicted pathways was confirmed by growing strain CH34 on benzene, toluene,o-xylene,p-cymene, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, homogentisate, catechol, naphthalene, and 2-aminophenol as sole carbon and energy sources. Benzene catabolic pathway was further characterized. Results showed that firstly benzene is transformed into phenol and, thereafter, into catechol. Benzene is degraded under aerobic conditions via a combined pathway catalyzed by three Bacterial Multicomponent Monooxygenases: a toluene-2-monoxygenase (TomA012345), a toluene-4-monooxygenase (TmoABCDEF) and a phenol-2-hydroxylase (PhyZABCDE). A catechol-2,3-dioxygenase (TomB) expressed at early exponential phase cleaves the catechol ring inmeta-position; anortho-cleavage of catechol is accomplished by a catechol-1,2-dioxygenase (CatA) at late exponential phase instead. This study additionally shows thatC. metalliduransCH34 is capable of degrading benzene in presence of heavy metals, such as Hg(II) or Pb(II). This capability of degrading aromatic compounds in presence of heavy metals is rather unusual among environmental bacteria; therefore,C. metalliduransCH34 seems to be a promising candidate for developing novel bioremediation process for multi-contaminated environments.

HIGHLIGHTS

The strainCupriavidus metalliduransCH34 is capable to degrade benzene aerobically

Benzene oxydation is mediated by bacterial multicomponent monoxygenases

Strain CH34 is able to grow using a broad range of aromatic compounds as sole carbon and energy source

Benzene degradation occurs even in presence of heavy metals such as mercury and lead
Cortical Tonic Inhibition Regulates the Expression of Spike-and-Wave Discharges Associated with Absence Epilepsy
Authors: Mangan Kile P. , Nelson Aaron B. , Petrou Steven , Cirelli Chiara , Jones Mathew V.
Published: July 2017

Synchronous and bilateral spike-and-wave discharges accompany nonconvulsive behavioral and cognitive arrest during seizures associated with absence epilepsy. Previous investigation of multiple absence animal models suggests that the underlying cause of absence seizures is an increase in thalamic inhibitory tonic currents. In contrast, in this study we provide evidence that the level of cortical tonic inhibition also regulates absence seizure expression. Using continuous video-EEG recordings to monitor absence seizures and spike-and-wave discharge expression we show that pharmacological blockade of cortical tonic inhibition provokes absence seizures in wild-type mice. Furthermore, we show that pharmacological rescue of cortical tonic inhibition in an absence mouse (γ2R43Q) model, which lacks tonic inhibition, suppresses absence seizure and spike-and-wave discharge expression. Collectively, these results suggest an optimum level of tonic inhibition in the thalamocortical circuit is required for normal functioning and that a deviation from this optimum results in aberrant thalamocortical function, SWDs and absence seizures.
δ Subunit-containing GABAA receptor prevents overgeneralization of fear in adult mice
Authors: Zhang Wen-Hua , Zhou Jin , Pan Han-Qing , Wang Xiao-Yang , Liu Wei-Zhu , Zhang Jun-Yu , Yin Xiao-Ping , Pan Bing-Xing
Published: July 2017

The role of δ subunit-containing GABAA receptor (GABAA(δ)R) in fear generalization is uncertain. Here, by using mice with or without genetic deletion of GABAA(δ)R and using protocols in which the conditioned tone stimuli were cross presented with different nonconditioned stimuli, we observed that when the two tone stimuli were largely similar, both genotypes froze similarly to either of them. However, when they differed markedly, the knockout mice froze much more than their wild-type littermates to the nonconditioned but not conditioned stimuli. Thus, GABAA(δ)R may prevent inappropriate fear generalization when the incoming stimuli differ clearly from the learned threat.
Vaccine manufacturer’s role in the global vaccine enterprise
Authors: Gordon Daniel M. , Robertson Corwin A.
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of the vaccine manufacturer in the global vaccine enterprise.

Design/methodology/approach

Narrative review.

Findings

Pharmaceutical companies involved in the vaccine enterprise play critical and often unrecognized roles in the global health management arena. In addition to the obvious role of vaccine production and distribution, companies are often involved in the identification of infectious agents for which vaccines may be of benefit, basic and applied research, process development, pre-clinical and clinical evaluations of vaccine candidates, as well as continuous post-licensure safety monitoring efforts. Vaccine manufacturers interact with health and regulatory agencies, academia and agencies interested in supporting cost-effective means of vaccine distribution to areas most in need of life-saving vaccines.

Originality/value

This review provides the reader with an understanding of the many roles of the manufacturer in the global vaccine enterprise.
Examining the structure and behavior of Afghanistan’s routine childhood immunization system using system dynamics modeling
Authors: Schuh Holly B. , Merritt Maria W. , Igusa Takeru , Lee Bruce Y. , Peters David H.
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how public health and systems science methods can be combined to examine the structure and behavior of Afghanistan’s routine childhood immunization system to identify the pathways through which health system readiness to deliver vaccination services may extend beyond immunization outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

Using findings from an ecological study of Afghanistan’s immunization system and a literature review on immunization program delivery, the routine immunization system was mapped using causal loop diagrams. Next, a stock-and-flow diagram was developed and translated to a system dynamics (SD) model for a system-confirmatory exercise. Data are from annual health facility assessments and two cross-sectional household surveys. SD model results were compared with measured readiness and service outcomes to confirm system structure.

Findings

Readiness and demand-side components were associated with improved immunization coverage. The routine immunization system was mapped using four interlinking readiness subsystems. In the SD model, health worker capacity and demand-side factors significantly affected maternal health service coverage. System readiness components affected their future measures mostly negatively, which may indicate that the reinforcing feedback drives current system-structured behavior.

Originality/value

The models developed herein are useful to explore the potential impact of candidate interventions on service outcomes. This paper documents the process through which public health and systems investigators can collaboratively develop models that represent the feedback-driven behavior of health systems. Such models allow for more realistically addressing health policy and systems-level research questions.
Role of the national regulatory authority for vaccines
Authors: Baylor Norman W.
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Before vaccines are marketed and used, they must be evaluated and approved by a national regulatory authority (NRA). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the NRA in the USA responsible for overseeing and regulating the manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of vaccines. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

Expert review.

Findings

Developed countries have established governmental regulatory agencies to review and determine the safety and effectiveness of vaccines to ensure that the manufacture, sale, and use of vaccines are adequately regulated. However, even today, many developing countries do not have established NRAs. Furthermore, despite similarities, there are still substantial differences in how regulatory authorities in different countries perform minimum functions required for effective regulation of pharmaceutical products, including vaccines. The World Health Organization (WHO), although not a governmental NRA, uses a consultative approach involving its Expert Committee on Biological Standardization and Biologicals Unit to develop regulatory criteria and identify and consolidate current consensus opinions on key regulatory issues. It is through this approach that WHO informs NRAs on the necessary scientific background required to assess and advise on optimal regulatory approaches and methodologies. This paper will focus on the evolution of the US FDA and its role in regulation of vaccines to illustrate the function of a vaccine NRA.

Originality/value

Vaccines are an important resource for protecting people and communities from the mortality and morbidity associated with many infectious diseases. The assessment, licensure, control and surveillance of vaccines are the responsibilities of government regulatory authorities.
Improving immunization practices in United States hospitals and health systems
Authors: Kufel Wesley D. , M. Williams Dennis , Weber David Jay
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Payment for healthcare services in the USA has shifted from fee for service to compensation based on value and quality. The indicators used for payments are a variety of clinical measures, including administration of vaccines to patients. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of programs in health systems to improve vaccination rates and patient outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

A search of the literature was conducted to find examples of vaccine programs in US health systems, and also to identify policies to improve immunization rates.

Findings

Successful programs for improving vaccination rates require advocacy and support of leadership, a systematic and multidisciplinary approach, and an evaluation of local resources and capacity. Numerous examples exist of medical, nursing, and pharmacy led programs that improve vaccination rates. The department in charge has relied on the support of other groups to ensure the success.

Social implications

Mandatory vaccination of healthcare personnel (HCP) in the health system has been a growing trend in the USA. Although there has been some resistance to mandatory vaccinations for HCP, the standards and requirements have resulted in improved rates in health systems, which ultimately improve efficiency and protects patients.

Originality/value

This review describes considerations for implementing a successful vaccination program in a health system and provides examples of specific strategies. An overview of mandatory vaccinations for HCP is also described.
Evaluation of project success: a structured literature review
Authors: Albert Matthias , Balve Patrick , Spang Konrad
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Barnes’ Iron Triangle was one of the first attempts to evaluate project success based on time, cost and performance, which were portrayed as interdependent dimensions. Over time, these criteria were expanded and especially criteria taking the satisfaction of stakeholder groups into account are becoming more and more popular. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether specific patterns for the selection of project success criteria across various fields of applications emerged which has not been regarded in literature before. Furthermore, the authors seek to identify of additional key factors influencing project success assessment next to the choice of project success criteria.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a review of recent literature published in academic journals, in standard references and in widespread project management frameworks (Organisational Competence Baseline, PRINCE2 and PMBoK Guide).

Findings

The findings show that Barnes’ ideas are an integral part of all approaches investigated in the study. Additionally, the relevance of the so-called “soft criteria” related to the satisfaction of stakeholder groups, could be substantiated. However, the authors found no indications that patterns for the selection of project success criteria have emerged across various fields of applications. Factors influencing project success assessment are not taken into account in the examined articles in a systematic manner. This motivates for further research in this field.

Research limitations/implications

Access limitations, papers not yet digitally available or the interpretations have an impact on the results.

Practical implications

For appropriate project assessment the sound and well-rounded selection of hard and soft criteria and the consideration that not the field of application, but influencing factors yet to be analysed influence the selection of project success criteria are crucial. Project management professionals should choose the criteria suitable for their projects individually on a project-by-project basis.

Originality/value

This paper reveals that no patterns have so far been developed to assess project success in various fields of application. Furthermore, factors influencing project success assessment are not considered in a systematic manner.
Factor analyzing project management practices in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ajmal Mian , Malik Mohsin , Saber Hussein
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the underlying dimensional structure of project management practices to identify key factors that underpin the successful completion of projects.

Design/methodology/approach

It employs exploratory factor analyses to investigate the interrelationships of the survey items synthesized from the literature by retaining and reorganizing the important information from the original data while redundant information is removed.

Findings

The nine theoretical constructs comprising 64 items were coalesced onto five latent constructs comprising 50 items while explaining 50.914 percent of the total variance. The extracted five constructs that describe the best project management practices have been labelled risk management, organizational culture, stakeholder approach, management approach, and project leadership.

Practical implications

The study results benefit both practitioners and the academic community as five broad categories of best project management practices are identified and their interdependencies are established. Project management professionals can use the latent factors as the critical factors for project success, whereas the research community can use the authors’ results to build higher order structural models and to test hypotheses by linking the latent variables with project performance measures.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the discourse on project management by identifying critical practices that contribute to the successful completion of projects.
Viable system model structuring of success factors in software projects
Authors: Puche Regaliza Julio César , Jiménez Alfredo , Val Pablo Arranz
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the principal success factors of a software project structured upon the basis of the viable system model (VSM).

Design/methodology/approach

To do so, an exploratory empirical analysis is conducted of a set of software projects, in which the degree of compliance with the requirements set down by the VSM and the success rating of their development are identified.

Findings

The results of the study indicate that the most influential factors in achieving global viability in a software project are the local environment, the organizational units and the intelligent system. Building on those factors, a mathematical prediction model is developed, reaching an accuracy of 63.16 percent in its predictions.

Research limitations/implications

The authors wish to point out that due to the number of projects employed in the statistical analysis, the results have to be interpreted with caution and are of an exploratory nature.

Practical implications

The authors seek to show that the VSM is an extremely useful tool for the management of software projects and, by extension, projects of a general nature. The authors therefore suggest that knowledge of VSM would be of incalculable value for managers wishing to manage projects successfully and to survive in such a complex and rapidly changing environment as the software project environment is. Its application allows us to diagnose and to detect the critical factors to achieve such success.

Social implications

In addition, the research seeks to increase the universality of VSM, contributing to a better understanding of it and a better and greater formalization of it in favor of its acceptance and its practical use, seeking in this way to palliate some critical principals related to its abstraction and limited applicability and to increase its rigor and validity as an instrument for the diagnosis and the design of viable organizations.

Originality/value

The novelty of this study is therefore principally found in the application of the VSM to the organizational structure of a software project in such a way that it allows us to detect key factors in its success. Besides, building on the validation of this proposal through the completion of a quantitative empirical analysis, this study also offers a prediction mathematical model that relates key factors with the success of the project.
The final state convergence model
Authors: Usher Gregory , Whitty Stephen Jonathan
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to expand project management theory about practice and theory for practice through a new conceptual model developed from the transformational production management, strategic management and complexity bodies of theory.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses a grounded theory methodology. A preliminary model is developed and tested against two case studies. The model is revised and tested using a purposively selected focus group before being presented in this paper.

Findings

The research indicates that the “final state convergence model” which has been synthesized from the transformational production management, strategic management and complexity theories. The model illuminates the complexities that can exist within the practice of project management.

Research limitations/implications

The final state convergence model provides a novel approach to synthesizing new bodies of theory into traditional project management theory.

Practical implications

The model challenges practitioners to think beyond their current conceptual base of traditional project management methodologies, systems, and processes toward a broader conceptualization of project management.

Originality/value

The research adds to the theory about practice and theory for practice through the development of a new model which not only illuminates the complexities of project management but enriches and extends the understanding of the actual reality of projects and project management practices.
Global virtual teams’ education: experiential learning in the classroom
Authors: Magnier-Watanabe Remy , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Aba Olivier , Herrig Harald
Published: July 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to examine how students can learn how to work in multi-cultural global virtual teams in a classroom-based setting using experiential learning. The students from two graduate programs in France and Japan were given relevant reading materials, individual and joint team assignments on virtual team work and were asked to evaluate their work using previously identified global virtual team key success factors.

Design/methodology/approach

Text-mining and co-word analyses of students’ assignments, and correlations of keyword frequencies with student culture scores provide insights on how students first experience this novel setting, raising their awareness and providing them skills for future application in an organizational setting.

Findings

The process experienced by virtual student teams has many similarities with the team formation stage in virtual teams in organizational settings. Such experiential learning is useful for global virtual team education, as students will have already experienced and solved typical challenges in a safer non-work-related setting.

Research limitations/implications

This study is based on a small sample of respondents and therefore presents inherent limitations in terms of significance and generalizability.

Originality/value

The rise of information and communication technologies has facilitated the creation of new approaches for coordinating work and, subsequently, for new collaborative organizational forms. Little research has been conducted to address education or training for these new and essential forms of collaboration.
Born global firms and accidental internationalists: Has Hennart (2014) opened a can of worms?
Authors: Dow Douglas
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to respond to Hennart’s (2014) challenge to the existing born global literature. In his challenge, Hennart proposes a simpler explanation of why some firms internationalize earlier and more aggressively than others. However, such a parsimonious model of born global firms raises the awkward question of whether born global firms are indeed any different from firms that internationalize more gradually.

Design/methodology/approach

Using two extensive surveys of Australian exporters, this paper first explores the degree to which a set of six “facilitating factors” that Hennart puts forward are different across born global and non-born global firms. Next, it tests the second aspect of the debate highlighted above – i.e. whether born global firms behave differently from non-born global firms. This is done by testing for differences in the patterns of early market selection for born global and non-born global firms.

Findings

Support is found for both the role of facilitating factors and for the view that born global firms behave differently from non-born global firms. As a result, it is proposed that the Hennart and the RBV-oriented explanations of born global firms need to be viewed as complementary, rather than competing. Each may represent a necessary but not sufficient condition with respect to born global firms.

Originality/value

A systematic testing for differences in facilitating factors and market selection patterns across born global and non-born global firms are both issues that have major implications for the born global literature, and yet have been left largely unexplored to date.
Large numbers of interleukins‐22‐ and ‐17A‐producing T helper cells in cholangiocarcinoma related to liver fluke infection
Authors: Su Si‐Biao , Zhang Jian‐Feng , Huang Fei‐Fei , Cen Yu , Jiang Hai‐Xing
Published: July 2017

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) associated with liver fluke infection involves inflammatory and immune processes; however, whether these involve the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐17A and proliferative cytokine IL‐22 remains unclear. Here, numbers of IL‐22‐ and IL‐17A‐producing Th cells and cytokine concentrations in 30 patients with CCA and long‐term liver fluke infection, 40 patients with liver‐fluke infection but not CCA, and 16 healthy controls were compared. Analyses were performed using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, ELISA and RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemical staining showed weaker expression of IL‐22 and IL‐17A in patients with CCA with than in those without liver fluke infection (P < 0.01). Flow cytometry revealed significantly greater median proportions of IL‐22‐producing T helper cells in patients with CCA (2.2%) than in those without it (0.69%) or controls (0.4%, P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for IL‐17A‐producing T helper cells. ELISA revealed plasma concentrations of IL‐22 were 1.3‐fold higher in patients with CCA than in those without it and 4.6‐fold higher than in controls (P < 0.001). Plasma concentrations of IL‐17A were 2.5‐fold higher in patients with CCA than in those without it, and 21‐fold higher than in controls (P < 0.001). Amounts of IL‐22 and IL‐17A mRNAs in blood were significantly higher in patients with CCA than in the other two groups. Proportions of CD4+CD45RO+ T cells producing IL‐22 correlated with proportions producing IL‐17A (r = 0.759; P < 0.001), and plasma concentrations of IL‐22 correlated with those of IL‐17A (r = 0.726; P < 0.001). These results suggest that both IL‐17A and IL‐22 affect development of CCA related to liver fluke infection.
Planting accelerates restoration of tropical forest but assembly mechanisms appear insensitive to initial composition
Authors: Li Lanping , Cadotte Marc W. , Martínez‐Garza Cristina , de la Peña‐Domene Marinés , Du Guozhen
Published: July 2017

Central to the success of restoration is how applied activities influence community assembly mechanisms. Phylogenetic and trait‐based approaches to community ecology are increasingly being used to test for non‐random community assembly and are now being applied to assessments of habitat restoration. A critical question for the restoration of tropical forests is how plantings influence the recruitment of new species, and specifically the phylogenetic and functional diversity of restored habitats.

We examined 8 years (2006–2014) of tropical‐forest recruitment in two restoration planting compositions (12 animal‐dispersed and 12 wind‐dispersed tree species), with a control (no planting) in 24 plots in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Specifically, we assessed the influence of plantings on newly arriving individuals’ phylogenetic, functional, taxonomic diversity, abundance and the change of these measures during early succession.

The recruiting individuals’ phylogenetic, functional, taxonomic diversity and abundance increased through succession. Both animal‐dispersed planting and wind‐dispersed planting appeared to accelerate forest succession more than controls (natural succession), and diversity in the animal‐dispersed plantings was marginally higher after 8 years. We did not find any difference in recruiting individuals’ phylogenetic and functional dispersion (measured as standardized effect sizes) in any given year, or when measured as turnover between successive pairs of years, measuring planting composition and control plots.

Recruiting individuals were phylogenetically clustered during early forest restoration regardless of treatment. At the same time, the recruits transitioned from appearing randomly constructed to clustering according to functional traits, which suggests an increase in recruits’ functional similarity during early succession.

Synthesis and applications. Both the animal and wind‐dispersed plantings accelerated the increase of recruiting individuals’ phylogenetic, functional, taxonomic diversity and abundance during early succession. However, planting treatment did not appear to alter community assembly mechanisms of recruiting individuals. Our findings support restoration planting by showing that planting trees with animal dispersal syndrome could accelerate forest restoration more than unassisted forest regeneration. Furthermore, communities appeared to be phylogenetically and functionally clustered during early succession regardless of initial planted composition. Thus, while overall diversity increased with planting, if a restoration goal is to maximize phylogenetic or functional dispersion, the planting composition tested did not provide means to achieve this goal, at least during early succession.
Creating a space to think in adversarial contexts: researching network meetings in statutory childcare interventions
Authors: Mandin Philippe
Published: July 2017

This research investigated complex relationships between parents and professionals involved in care proceedings, through detailed observations of network meetings – a practice developed in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service to engage with families and professionals in adversarial contexts. These take place at the border between the domain of court, often dominated by structural preoccupations, and the clinic valuing experience and relationships. Six meetings were recorded and observed by the researcher in the room. The methodology drew on a number of epistemological traditions to capture the complexity and multi‐layered nature of knowledge and experience. The study evolved into an ethnography‐inspired exploration of structures, relationships and emotions emerging in meetings and the adversarial context of care proceedings. Successful meetings managed tensions between a structure‐dominated domain and the experience‐near domain of the clinic while avoiding being dominated by either.

Practitioner points

Structure can be both enabling and constraining

Direct observation and bringing stakeholders together without legal representatives can allow new information and a deeper understanding of human stories to emerge

Chairs have to emphasize the need to work together in order to create a genuine space to think

A three‐phase approach to meetings and assessments can provide a level of containment in order to move between the security of structure and the domain of experience.
A dialogical research methodology based on Buber: intersubjectivity in the research interview
Authors: Brown Judith M.
Published: July 2017

Buber's concepts of I‐It and I‐Thou are well known, yet his understandings of a dialogical process and dialogical knowing are less evident in the literature. This article briefly details a unique Buberian dialogical research methodology, devised for research into psychological and emotional abuse in families. Informed by Buber's premise that dialogue is the source of knowing, this methodology privileges the intersubjectivity between participant and researcher. It is operationalized in methods that highlight the dialogical process within the research interview, from which dialogical knowing may emerge. Analysis of the intersubjective process is based on the conceptualization of five poetic images that recur in Buber's work, as illustrated in the micro‐analysis contained in this article. It suggests that a Buberian methodology offers deeper and more nuanced understandings of the subjective experiences of vulnerable participants and of theoretical knowledge about a sensitive topic.

Practitioner points

Buber's scholarship highlights the ideas of dialogical process and dialogical knowing

A Buberian research methodology requires intersubjectivity to be privileged in analysis, before the consideration of subjective experience or theoretical knowledge

Intersubjective analysis may be operationalized by a conceptualization of Buber's poetic images

Dialogical moments may occur within the research interview, from which dialogical knowing may emerge
Systemic psychotherapists as expert witnesses in the family court: ‘visitors to another world’?
Authors: Hickman Susan
Published: July 2017

This article is based on research on the interface between systemic psychotherapists who as expert witnesses write reports for the family court in England and the judges who receive them. It explores how well a systemic stance is suited to this type of work and whether there is scope for more systemic therapists to involve themselves in it. The research was conducted through semi‐structured interviews with systemic psychotherapists with experience of acting as expert witnesses and with family court judges. The results were analysed using grounded theory. In the process of the research the focus expanded from an abstract epistemological enquiry to include more practical aspects of connection and difference. Findings indicated that whilst a systemic and relational approach would seem particularly well suited to this work, it was not ‘visible’ as such to lawyers involved in commissioning expert witnesses. This raises the question as to whether there is an ethical responsibility on practitioners to highlight the potential usefulness of systemic thinking in this context.

Practitioner points

An approach which promotes relational thinking and addresses issues of marginalization is under‐represented in family court work but is well suited to and needed in it

Systemic practitioners face theoretical, personal and practical challenges in undertaking it

The systemic community has an ethical responsibility to consider whether there is scope for it to make a greater contribution in this area
A girl in the ‘boys’ club’: supervision, narrative ideas, ethics and intersectionality
Authors: Duch Mariangels Ferrer
Published: July 2017

This article describes some of the challenge involved in supervising a well‐established and experienced team of two Family Therapists and one Clinical Psychology trainee in placement. It highlights the journey of a female trainee family therapist's supervisor in the context of a male team. In this article the author argues the importance of using a working framework and structure to unbalance power pressures and bring forth trust in the team. It is illustrated with narrative ideas, practices in supervision and a brief description of intersectionality applied to this context.
The Problem of Toleration in Early Massachusetts
Authors: Rome Alan S.
Published: July 2017

Early Massachusetts is generally seen by scholars as “intolerant.” But this is to employ a misleading dichotomy between tolerant and intolerant societies which obscures the colonists’ understanding of themselves. They believed that their society instead successfully reconciled individual liberty and communal harmony through rational debate, social consensus, and the pursuit of truth. Their response to the Antinomian controversy is highly revealing in this context, demonstrating that they desired to persuade the aberrant back into the fold and that they reserved political intervention for when dissension had serious public implications. It was only those deemed irreconcilable who were ultimately excluded from the community. To approach the topic in this way is to resist the marginalisation of New England from the history of political and social thought by re‐evaluating the ends and actions of the colonists and by providing an important alternative perspective on the nature of toleration and its limits.
Everyday territories: homelessness, outreach work and city space
Authors: Smith Robin James , Hall Tom
Published: July 2017

This article develops a situational approach to understanding urban public life and, in particular, the production of urban territories. Our aim is to examine the ways in which city space might be understood as comprising multiple, shifting, mobile and rhythmed territories. We argue that such territories are best understood through attending to their everyday production and negotiation, rather than handling territory as an a priori construct. We develop this argument from the particular case of the street‐level politics of homelessness and street care. The experience of street homelessness and the provision of care in the public spaces of the city is characterised by precarious territorial claims made and lost. We describe some of the ways in which care work with rough sleepers is itself precarious; ‘homeless’, in lacking a distinct setting in which it might get done. Indeed, outreach work takes place within and affirms homeless territories. The affirmation of territory is shown to be central to the relationship developed between the workers and their rough sleeping clients. We also show, however, the ways in which outreach workers operate on territory not their own, twice over. Outreach work is precarious in that it is practised within, and can run counter to, other territorial productions in which the experience of urban need and the work and politics of care are entangled. In sum, this article aims to move beyond static and binary understandings by developing a mobile and situational approach to city space which recognises the intensive yet overlooked work of territorial production.
‘I just don't want to connect my life with this occupation’: working‐class young men, manual labour, and social mobility in contemporary Russia
Authors: Walker Charlie
Published: July 2017

A key strand in the Western literature on working‐class masculinities focuses on whether young men are capable of the feminized performances apparently required of them in new service economies. However, the wider literature on processes of neoliberalization – emphasizing the ‘hollowing out’ of labour markets, the cultural devaluation of lower‐skilled forms of employment, and the pathologization of working‐class lives – would suggest that it is as much a classed as a gendered transformation that is demanded of young men leaving school with few qualifications. This dimension of neoliberalization is highlighted by ethnographic data exploring the experiences and subjectivities of young workers in St Petersburg, Russia, where traditional forms of manual labour have not given way to ‘feminized’ work, but have become materially and symbolically impoverished, and are perceived as incapable of supporting the wider transition into adult independence. In this context, young workers attempt to emulate new forms of ‘successful masculinity’ connected with novel service sector professions and the emergent higher education system, despite the unlikelihood of overcoming a range of structural and cultural barriers. These acquiescent, individualized responses indicate that, while ways of being a man are apparently being liberated from old constraints amongst the more privileged, neoliberalization narrows the range of subject positions available to working‐class young men.
An Analysis on the Choice of Alpha Level in the Osteometric Pair‐matching of the Os Coxa, Scapula, and Clavicle
Authors: Lynch Jeffrey James
Published: July 2017

This study compares the use of 0.05 and 0.10 alpha levels with the updated osteometric pair‐matching model on two samples of the os coxa, scapula, and clavicle. The samples include the Forensic Data Bank, and the osteometric sorting reference used within the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. Mixed‐effects two‐way analyses of variance were used to analyze bilateral asymmetry in the standard measurements. In total, 3,793,566 t‐tests were conducted for osteometric pair‐matching analysis. The results indicate high levels of exclusion power, and accuracy can be obtained with the os coxa and scapula. The clavicle standard measurements capture too much asymmetry causing a lower exclusion to accuracy ratio for osteometric pair‐matching relative to other elements. Both 0.05 and 0.10 alpha levels provide acceptable levels of performance. A lower alpha level will result in higher accuracy with less exclusion, and a higher alpha level will result in lower accuracy with more exclusions.
The shift toward neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery for management of advanced ovarian and related cancers in a population‐based setting: Impact on clinical outcomes
Authors: Nicklin James L. , McGrath Shaun , Tripcony Lee , Garrett Andrea , Land Russell , Tang Amy , Perrin Lewis , Chetty Naven , Jagasia Nisha , Crandon Alex J. , Nascimento Marcelo , Walker Graeme , Sanday Karen , Obermair Andreas
Published: July 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with advanced ovarian and related cancers (EOC+RC), treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery (NACT – IDS), and to determine if there was any relationship with optimal cytoreduction rates and overall survival (OS) in a state‐wide gynaecologic oncology service over time.

Methods

A retrospective review was undertaken using a population‐based database of patients with stages 3 and 4 EOC+RC treated from 1982 till 2013 at the Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer (QCGC). The proportion of patients treated with NACT – IDS compared with primary debulking surgery (PDS) was determined and compared with debulking rates and with the moving five‐year OS probability.

Results

From 1982–2013, 2601 patients with advanced EOC+RC were managed at QCGC. No patients received NACT – IDS till 1995 when the first two patients received this treatment, rising to 55% of patients in 2013. Surgical cytoreduction rates to no macroscopic residual (R0) were achieved 32% of the time by 2006, rising to 48% in 2009, and 62% in 2013. Despite the increase in utilisation of NACT – IDS, our unit has noted a continued rise in the OS probability at five years to 45%.

Conclusions

The increasing utilisation of NACT – IDS in the setting of a large centralised clinical service has been associated with increasing rates of optimal cytoreduction and survival rates have continued to rise in excess of those achieved in the trials reported to date.
On Regressive and Progressive Forces in Therapy
Authors: Yerushalmi Hanoch
Published: July 2017

This article examines the basic dynamics underlying some of the spontaneous developmental changes created out of the unique structure of analytic therapy. These dynamics include two types of basic forces working in the therapeutic setting: regressive and progressive urges and thrusts, which set opposite processes in motion. The progressive forces, highlighted in the article, are derived from developmental pressures. These forces create the conditions for people to seek new ways of experiencing the self and of connecting to significant others in what they sense to be a more mature and authentic manner. The literature describes how, through the healing power of therapeutic transference and regressive states, therapy can help to release obstructions to these developmental thrusts, which are created by childhood traumas caused by care takers. In this article, however, the release of obstructions is examined through meta‐communication, an analytic clinical intervention that can enhance expression and realization of patients’ progressive wishes.
Clinical Roundtable on Technique
Authors: Bonnigal‐Katz Dorothée , Fortuna Tomasz , Tombras Christos
Published: July 2017

This clinical roundtable features a presentation by Dorothée Bonnigal‐Katz who posits the impairment of the mechanisms of repression as characteristic of psychosis and discusses its consequences for the analyst, especially as regards the place of interpretation. She shows how the analyst's encounter with the psychotic experience radically challenges and paradoxically validates psychoanalytic technique. In response to Bonnigal‐Katz's discussion, Tomasz Fortuna offers an overview of the psychoanalytic tradition's response to psychosis, raising the issue of the relation between psychosis and neurosis. Christos Tombras, on the other hand, invokes Freud's discussion of Schreber's Memoirs from a Lacanian perspective and addresses the question of language and experience.
Human like me: Evidence that I‐sharing humanizes the otherwise dehumanized
Authors: Pinel Elizabeth C. , Yawger Geneva C. , Long Anson E. , Rampy Nolan , Brenna Robert , Finnell Sasha K.
Published: July 2017

People persistently undermine the humanness of outgroup members, leaving researchers perplexed as to how to address this problem of ‘dehumanization’ (Haslam & Loughnan, , Ann Rev of Psychol, 65, 399; Leyens, , Group Process Intergroup Relat, 12, 807). Here, we test whether I‐sharing (i.e., sharing a subjective experience) counters this tendency by promoting the humanization of outgroup members. In Study 1, White participants had a face‐to‐face meeting with a White or Black confederate and either did or did not I‐share with this confederate. The extent to which participants humanized the outgroup member depended on whether or not they I‐shared with her. Study 2 tested the effect of I‐sharing on the two distinct dimensions of dehumanization (Haslam, , Pers Soc Psychol Rev, 10, 252). Conceptually replicating the results of Study 1, participants who I‐shared with a social class ingroup or outgroup member rated their partner as higher in human nature than those who did not I‐share with their partner. These results add to the growing literature on I‐sharing's implications for intergroup processes and suggest effective ways of tackling a persistent problem.
Discovery and characterization of a novel tryptophan hydroxylase 1 inhibitor as a prodrug
Authors: Shi Hailong , Cui Yaya , Qin Yifei
Published: July 2017

Serotonin (5‐HT) is an important neurotransmitter and paracrine signaling molecule in the gastrointestinal tract. Two distinct tryptophan hydroxylases (TPH), TPH1 and TPH2, are the rate‐limiting enzymes in the 5‐HT biosynthesis process. TPH1 expression is mainly limited in the enterochromaffin cells and distributed in peripheries such as the skin and gut, while TPH2 is the predominant isoform in the CNS. In this study, mol002291 was screened as a drug‐like compound from the TCM database for the inhibitor of TPH. After the enzymological analysis of mol002291, the analgesic effect of mol002291 was also further investigated in a PI‐IBS visceral hyperalgesia rat model. Results from kinetic analysis showed that mol002291 specifically inhibited the TPH1 but did not act on TPH2, and the inhibitory action displayed characteristics of competitive inhibition. In addition, the results from abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) tests and electromyography (EMG) recordings showed that mol002291 significantly (p < .05) alleviated the visceral hyperalgesia. This result is entirely consistent with the fact that mol002291 significantly decreased the 5‐HT content. These data demonstrated that mol002291 can attenuate visceral hyperalgesia mediated via reducing colonic 5‐HT content. More important is that mol002291 could be developed as a novel prodrug and offer therapeutic avenues for the diseases where there is dysregulation of peripheral serotonergic pathways.