bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shakespeare, Game, and Play in Digital Pedagogical Shakespeare Games
Authors: Roberts-Smith Jennifer , DeSouza-Coelho Shawn
Published: November 2021

Shakespeare games are emerging as legitimate objects of study and
pedagogy, but a survey of such games reveals that the marriage between
“Shakespeare” and “game” is conceptually problematic, offering relatively
narrow understandings of what a play by Shakespeare might be.
We briefly identify two broad trends in digital pedagogical Shakespeare
games before discussing how their reliance on the act of “play” and their
favoring of Shakespeare as a textual ontology ignores the complexity of
theatrical performance. We identify three overlooked complexities, the
first giving rise to the other two: the audience’s contribution to theatre’s
ontology, the different kinds of work that actors and spectators undertake
in performance, and the primacy of collaborative ontogenesis in theatre
over artifactual ontology.
The Red Years of Cahiers du Cinéma (1968-1973)
Authors: Fairfax Daniel
Published: November 2021

The uprising which shook France in May 1968 also had a revolutionary effect on the country's most prominent film journal. Under editors Jean-Louis Comolli and Jean Narboni, Cahiers du cinéma embarked on a militant turn that would govern the journal's work over the next five years. With a Marxist orientation inspired by the thinking of Louis Althusser, Jacques Lacan and Roland Barthes, the "red years" of Cahiers du cinéma produced a theoretical outpouring that was formative for the establishment of film studies as an academic discipline in the 1970s, and is still of vital relevance for the contemporary audiovisual landscape. It was also the seminal experience for a generation of critics who have dedicated the following half-century to the task of critically responding to the cinema.

The Red Years of Cahiers du Cinéma (1968-1973) gives a historical overview of this period in the journal's history, combining biographical accounts of the critics who were involved with Cahiers in the post-1968 and theoretical explorations of the text they wrote.
Afterlives of the Apparatus
Authors: Fairfax Daniel
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, the focus lies on the “afterlives” of Cahiers du cinéma’s post-
1968 period in Anglo-American film studies since the latter’s consolidation
as an academic discipline in the 1970s. Championed by journals such
as Screen, the writings of the Cahiers critics attained a wide purchase
in the nascent field, but this often came at the expense of a reductive
interpretation, compounded by the limited corpus of available translated
texts, and in later decades many of the positions associated with Cahiers
increasingly came under attack, while even its defenders admitted to the
state of crisis that the “political modernism” it represented had entered.
But this chapter also shows the wider influences that Cahiers has had on
film scholarship, such as the importance of Comolli for the rise of the
“new film history” movement, and it concludes by stressing the necessity
for a productive re-reading of the original Cahiers texts.
Cahiers du cinéma and Jean-Luc Godard
Authors: Fairfax Daniel
Published: November 2021

This chapter focuses on the relationship between Cahiers du cinéma
in the post-1968 period and the nouvelle vague filmmaker Jean-Luc
Godard. The links between the two ran deep: Godard had been a critic
for the journal in the 1950s, while in the 1960s and 1970s he stood
alongside Straub/Huillet as the quintessential representative of political
cinema for Cahiers, with the increasingly radical content of his films
mirrored by a restless experimentation with film form. Indeed, it
was Godard’s initial turn to Maoism in 1969 (and his formation of
the “Groupe Dziga Vertov” with Jean-Pierre Gorin) that was a major
influence on Cahiers’ own political trajectory, and one of the landmarks
of the journal’s long-standing interest in the director was the series of
texts on the films of the Groupe Dziga Vertov published in 1972, which
are analyzed here.
Encounters with Structuralism
Authors: Fairfax Daniel
Published: November 2021

This chapter outlines Cahiers du cinéma’s relationship with structuralist
theory in the 1960s and 1970s. The journal’s encounter with structuralism
first manifested itself in 1963, when then-editor Jacques Rivette arranged
for a series of interviews with Roland Barthes, Pierre Boulez and Claude
Lévi-Strauss. The dialogue with Barthes was by far the most stimulating of
these interviews and initiated a relationship that lasted until the literary
theorist’s death in 1980. But fruitful exchanges were also had with the
pioneer of film semiology, Christian Metz, and Pier Paolo Pasolini, who
combined filmmaking with his own take on Saussurean linguistics. And
yet, although Cahiers was often a venue for debates between different
structuralist thinkers, its critics were never entirely satisfied with the
semiological approach to film analysis and in the post-1968 era were
concerned more with how a film’s formal structures could subvert the
cinema’s status as a signifying practice.
Beyond Structuralism: Film Form and Écriture
Authors: Fairfax Daniel
Published: November 2021

Dissatisfied with a purely semiological approach to the cinema, which
would attempt to understand filmic signification using linguistic categories,
Cahiers du cinéma instead drew on the notion of écriture developed by
Jacques Derrida and Julia Kristeva as the theoretical touchstone for their
response to films. This chapter highlights round-table discussions on elements
of filmic writing—montage and film space (the latter unpublished
until the 2010s)—before making a brief excursus looking at the criticism
written by Jacques Rivette at the end of the 1960s. Finally, it broaches the
relationship between Cahiers and the deconstructionist tradition of Tel
Quel and Derrida, which sought to transcend the binaries of structuralist
semiotics through a critical method that saw writing as an act not of
creating meaning but of undoing signification itself.
Realism and Psychoanalysis in Pierre Baudry
Authors: Fairfax Daniel
Published: November 2021

This chapter highlights one of the more obscure critics of the post-1968
Cahiers du cinéma: Pierre Baudry. Although he only wrote for the journal
for three years, quitting after its conversion to Maoism, his articles during
this time attest to a theoretical precocity and critical acuity, which
manifested themselves in articles including “Sur le réalisme,” “Figuratif,
matériel, excrementel” and “L’Idéologie du western italien.” After departing
Cahiers, Baudry made abortive attempts to become a director but only
truly found his footing in his involvement in the Ateliers Varan filmmaking
workshop and as editor of the journal La Revue documentaires, where he
pursued his line of thinking on the question of realism in the cinema.
Representations during the War
Authors: Doolan Paul M.M.
Published: November 2021

During the Indonesian War of Independence (1945-1949) Dutch national
media collaborated with the authorities in providing a sanitized representation
of the conflict. The public was complicit in this early unremembering.
Some left-wing media carried reports of Dutch atrocities. Joris Ivens’
documentary Indonesia Calling (1946) represented the conflict as one of
international liberation which contested colonialism, but was viewed by
few members of the Dutch public. Hella Haasse’s novel Oeroeg (1948) came
to be widely read as a representation of the irreconcilability of East and
West. In early historiography, Van Mook offered the enlightened colonial
view that the Dutch mission had been sabotaged by outsiders. De Kadt’s
thesis was that Dutch smugness had brought about the violent conflict.
Rewe will größeres Real-Paket
Authors: Hanke Gerd , Mende Jan , Schulz Hans-Jürgen , Tewes Werner , Stockburger Manfred
Published: November 2021

Rewe schaltet im Rennen um Real einen Gang höher: Nach LZ-Informationen will sich die Kölner Handelsgruppe auf den letzten Metern der Aufteilung doch noch einen größeren Teil des Filialnetzes sichern. Im Gespräch sollen rund 15 bis 20 Standorte sein.
Starker Antrieb
Authors: Düthmann Christiane
Published: November 2021

Nachhaltigkeit ist längst ein Kernthema in der Konsumgüterbranche. Treibhausgase zu reduzieren und das Klima zu schützen, steht für Lebensmittelhändler und -hersteller ganz oben auf ihrer unternehmerischen Agenda. Das ist gut für die Umwelt und lohnt sich auch wirtschaftlich. So wird Nachhaltigkeit zum Motor für optimierte Prozesse und innovative Produkte. Christiane Düthmann
P-Rückgewinnung bei Emschergenossenschaft und Lippeverband
Authors: Blöhse Dennis , Klein Daniel , Ploteau Marie-Edith , Schmelz Karl-Georg , Teichgräber Burkhard , Nafo Issa
Published: November 2021

Das Phos4You-Projekt sollte den Nachweis der technischen Rückgewinnung von Phosphor aus Abwasser erbringen. Im Rahmen des Projekts wurden insgesamt sieben Technologien für die Rückgewinnung von Phosphor untersucht.
DePrex-Technologie: Entgasung von Faulschlämmen und anaeroben Abwässern
Authors: Nelting Klaus , Ortwein Bernhard
Published: November 2021

Das DePrex-Verfahren ermöglicht eine kontrollierte Erfassung von gelösten Gasen aus Abwässern und Schlämmen mittels einer kombinierten Unterdruckentgasung. Außerdem begünstigt das Verfahren eine gezielte MAP-Ausfällung.
Boric acid versus boron trioxide as catalysts for green energy source H2 production from sodium borohydride methanolysis
Authors: DEMİRCİ Sahin , ARİ Betül , BÜTÜN ŞENGEL Sultan , İNGER Erk , SAHİNER Nurettin
Published: November 2021

Here, boric acid (H3BO3) and its dewatered form, boron trioxide (B2O3) were tested as catalysts for hydrogen (H2) evolution in the methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in methanol. Parameters such as catalyst types and their amounts, NaBH4 concentration, and the reaction temperature affecting the hydrogen generation rate (HGR) were studied. It has been found that H3BO3 and B2O3 catalyzed methanolysis reaction of NaBH4 follow up first-order kinetics relative to the concentration of NaBH4. Furthermore, the conversion and activity of these catalysts were examined to determine their performance in ten consecutive use. Interestingly, H3BO3 and B2O3 have demonstrated superior catalytic performances in methanolysis of NaBH4 comparing to the studies published in literature with the activation energy of respectively 22.08 kJ.mol-1, and 23.30 kJ.mol-1 in H2 production. The HGR was calculated as 6481 mL.min-1.g-1 and 5163 mL.min-1.g-1 for H3BO3 and B2O3 catalyst, respectively for 50 mg catalyst at 298 K. These results are comparably better than most metal nanoparticle catalysts used for H2 production in addition to the naturally occurring boron-based environmentally friendliness of these materials.
John Rawls, consenso sobreposto e o pluralismo razoável: críticas de Chantal Mouffe
Authors: Gondim Elnora
Published: November 2021

Para Mouffe, Rawls encontra-se em uma forma circular de argumentação, porque ao mesmo tempo em que o liberalismo político afirma fornecer um consenso entre pessoas plurais razoáveis, tais pessoas têm que aceitar os seus princípios. No entanto, a autora de The Return to the Political concorda com Rawls quando ele sustenta que em uma democracia moderna os princípios de justiça não podem ser derivados de concepções filosóficas, religiosas e morais. Por outro lado, ela discorda da teoria rawlsiana, porque a defesa dessa tese é inadequada. Em Rawls há uma tentativa de fazer desaparecer o político como conflito do domínio da conquista do poder. Assim, pensar o político em termos de linguagem moral, como faz a teoria rawlsiana, necessariamente, leva a negligenciar o papel do conflito, do poder e dos interesses. No entanto, a justiça como equidade, em nenhum momento, inibe as diferenças. Com a utilização do equilíbrio reflexivo, Rawls elabora, em sua teoria um ajuste mútuo, por meio de um processo argumentativo razoável das mais diversas concepções de bem.
Saberes ancestrais na filosofia afrorreferenciada de Dona Toinha: Água Preta, pertencimento, território e cuidado
Authors: Machado Adilbênia Freire
Published: November 2021

Esse artigo tem o intuito de trazer saberes ancestrais afrorreferenciados tecidos pela voz de Dona Toinha, liderança do Quilombo Água Preta, Tururu – CE. Esses saberes são oriundos de suas escrevivências encruzilhadas com minhas andanças. Escrevivências tecidas por escuta sensível, pela ética do cuidado, relação ancestral com a natureza e o território em um movimento de enraizamento, pertencimento e aquilombamento. Dona Toinha em diálogo com outras vozes nos ensina sobre adiar o fim do mundo, sendo ela uma cabaça da existência. Nesse sentido, o texto apresenta-se como perspectiva de descolonização do conhecimento dialogando com as filosofias africanas desde sua diáspora em terras brasileiras.
Messianic Narrations in Contemporary Russian Statecraft and Foreign Policy
Authors: Kushnir Ostap
Published: November 2021

The article aims to uncover the nature and distinctive features of the contemporary messianic narrations in the Russian public discourse, as well as estimate their impact on the actual policy-making. For this reason, the article scrutinizes the political philosophy of Aleksandr Dugin, Nataliia Narochnitskaia, Egor Kholmogorov, and Vadim Tsymburskii. Their major messages are contrasted and compared to a variety of recent developments in Russia’s domestic and foreign policies. The hypothesis is put forward that the messianic narrations are furtive, though unalienable factors which propel and justify Russian domestic and foreign policies. Therefore, it is always worth considering Russian policy-making through the prism of the nation-wide religious self-identification, as well as acknowledging a number of “eschatological duties” which derive from this self-identification. Finally, the article provides an overview to the western scholarly perspectives on Russian messianism with a specific emphasis on British and US contributors.
ANÁLISIS ESTRUCTURAL DEL EMPLEO EQUIVALENTE A TIEMPO COMPLETO: ESTIMACIÓN A TRAVÉS DE LAS TABLAS INPUT-OUTPUT
Authors: Valverde Batista Reyes Arturo
Published: November 2021

Esta investigación busca esclarecer las condiciones macroeconómicas que produjeron la caída del empleo en Panamá para el 2020, alcanzando una tasa de desempleo histórica del 18.5% como consecuencia de la enfermedad del Covid-19. La metodológico contempla la utilización de la técnica de descomposición estructural como parte de la metodología input-output; con la finalidad de valorar los cambios en la estructura del modelo de demanda de la economía y los respectivos requerimientos de empleos por grupos actividades económicas, en función a las medidas adoptadas para controlar la enfermedad. Los resultados constatan que la estructura económica panameña, tal como está, permite la pérdida de empleo de forma tal, que Panamá pasa del puesto 54 en el 2018 a la posición 9 del ranking recogido en el Atlas mundial de datos en el 2020 y cuya fuente de información parten de las estadísticas recogidas por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo.
The ion-ion recombination coefficient α: Comparison of temperature- and pressure-dependent parameterisations for the troposphere and lower stratosphere
Authors: Zauner-Wieczorek Marcel , Curtius Joachim , Kürten Andreas
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Many different atmospheric, physical and chemical processes are affected by ions. An important sink for atmospheric ions is the reaction and mutual neutralisation of a positive and a negative ion, also called ion-ion recombination. While the value for the ion-ion recombination coefficient α is well known for standard conditions (namely 1.7 · 10–6 cm3 s–1), it needs to be calculated for deviating temperature and pressure conditions, especially for applications in higher altitudes of the atmosphere. In this work, we review the history of theories and parameterisations of the ion-ion recombination coefficient, focussing on the temperature and pressure dependencies and on the altitude range between 0 and 20 km. Starting from theories based on J. J. Thomson’s work, we describe important semi-empirical adjustments as well as field, model and laboratory data sets, followed by a short review of physical theories that take the microscopic processes during recombination into account, including a molecular dynamics approach. We present a comparison between all theories, parameterisations, field, model, and laboratory data sets to conclude on a favourable parameterisation. While many theories agree well with field data above approx. 10 km altitude, the nature of the recombination coefficient is still widely unknown between Earth’s surface and an altitude of 10 km. According to the current state of knowledge, it appears most reasonable to assume a constant value for the recombination coefficient for this region, while we recommend using a parameterisation for altitudes above 10 km. Overall, the parameterisation of Brasseur and Chatel (1983) shows the most convincing results. The need for future research, be it in the laboratory or by means of modelling, is identified.
Evaluation of subseasonal to seasonal forecasts over India for renewable energy applications
Authors: Das Aheli , Baidya Roy Somnath
Published: November 2021

Abstract. This study evaluates subseasonal to seasonal scale (S2S)
forecasts of meteorological variables relevant for the renewable energy (RE)
sector of India from six ocean-atmosphere coupled models: ECMWF SEAS5, DWD
GCFS 2.0, Météo-France's System 6, NCEP CFSv2, UKMO GloSea5 GC2-LI,
and CMCC SPS3. The variables include 10 m wind speed, incoming solar
radiation, 2 m temperature, and 2 m relative humidity because they are
critical for estimating the supply and demand of renewable energy. The study
is conducted over seven homogenous regions of India for 1994–2016. The
target months are April and May when the electricity demand is the highest
and June–September when the renewable resources outstrip the demand. The
evaluation is done by comparing the forecasts at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5-months
lead-times with the ERA5 reanalysis spatially averaged over each region. The
fair continuous ranked probability skill score (FCRPSS) is used to
quantitatively assess the forecast skill. Results show that incoming surface
solar radiation predictions are the best, while 2 m relative humidity is the
worst. Overall SEAS5 is the best performing model for all variables, for all
target months in all regions at all lead times while GCFS 2.0 performs the
worst. Predictability is higher over the southern regions of the country
compared to the north and north-eastern parts. Overall, the quality of the
raw S2S forecasts from numerical models over India are not good. These
forecasts require calibration for further skill improvement before being
deployed for applications in the RE sector.
Comparing the transport-limited and ξ−q models for sediment transport
Authors: Braun Jean
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We present a comparison between two of the most widely used reduced-complexity models for the representation of sediment transport and deposition processes, namely the transport limited (or TL) model and the under-capacity (or ξ−q) model more recently developed by Davy and Lague (2009). Using both models, we investigate the behavior of a sedimentary continental system fed by a fixed sedimentary flux from a nearby active orogen though which sediments transit to a fixed base level representing a large river, a lake or an ocean. Our comparison shows that the two models share the same steady-state solution, for which we derive a simple 1D analytical solution that reproduces the major features of such sedimentary systems: a steep fan that connects to a shallower alluvial plain. The resulting fan geometry obeys basic observational constraints on fan size and slope with respect to the upstream drainage area, A0. The solution is strongly dependent on the size of the system, L, in comparison to a distance L0 that is determined by the size of A0 and gives rise to two fundamentally different types of sedimentary systems: constrained system where LL0. We derive simple expressions that show the dependence of the system response time on the system characteristics, such as its length, the size of the upstream catchment area, the amplitude of the incoming sedimentary flux and the respective rate parameters (diffusivity or erodibility) for each of the two models. We show that the ξ−q model predicts longer response times, which we relate to its greater efficiency at propagating signals through its entire length. We demonstrate that, although the manner in which signals propagates through the sedimentary system differs greatly between the two models, they both predict that perturbations that last longer than the response time of the system can be recorded in the stratigraphy of the sedimentary system and in particular of the fan. Interestingly, the ξ−q model predicts that all perturbations in incoming sedimentary flux will be transmitted through the system whereas the TL model predicts that rapid perturbations cannot. We finally discuss why and under which conditions these differences are important and propose observational ways to determine which of the two models is most appropriate to represent natural systems.
Land use and climate change effects on water yield from East African forested water towers
Authors: Wamucii Charles Nduhiu , van Oel Pieter R. , Ligtenberg Arend , Gathenya John Mwangi , Teuling Adriaan J.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. East African forested mountain regions are vital in generating and
supplying water resources to adjacent arid and semi-arid lowlands. However,
these ecosystems are under pressure from both climate and land use changes.
This study aimed to analyze the effects of climate and land use changes on
water yield using the Budyko framework as a first-order conceptual framework assuming steady-state for pristine/protected forested areas. For nine
selected forested water towers in East Africa, the amount and distribution
of water resources and their decadal changes were analyzed. Results show
that most areas inside and outside the water towers are under pressure from
human influences. Water yield was more sensitive to climate changes compared
to land use changes within the selected East African water towers
themselves. However, for the surrounding lowlands, the effects of land use
changes had greater impacts on water yield. We conclude that the
East African water towers have seen a strong shift towards wetter
conditions, especially in the period of 2011–2019, while, at the same time,
the potential evapotranspiration is gradually increasing. Given that most of
the water towers were identified as non-resilient to these changes, future
water yield is likely to also experience more extreme variations.
Brief communication: Lower-bound estimates for residence time of energy in the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan
Authors: Pelegrina Javier , Osácar Carlos , Fernández-Pacheco Amalio
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The residence time of energy in a planetary atmosphere, τ, which was recently introduced and computed for the Earth's atmosphere (Osácar et al., 2020), is here extended to the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan. τ is the timescale for the energy transport across the atmosphere. In the cases of
Venus, Mars and Titan, these computations are lower bounds due to a lack of some energy data. If the analogy between τ and the solar Kelvin–Helmholtz scale is assumed, then τ would also be the time the atmosphere needs to return to equilibrium after a global thermal perturbation.
The effect of sediments on the dynamics and accretionary style of subduction margins
Authors: Pusok Adina E. , Stegman Dave R. , Kerr Madeleine
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Subduction zones represent the only major pathway by which continental material can be returned to the Earth's mantle. Constraining the sediments mass flux through subduction zones is important to the understanding of both petrogenesis of continental crust, and the recycling of volatiles and continental material back into the mantle over long periods of geologic time. When sediments are considered, convergent margins appear to fall into one of two classes: accretionary and erosive. Accretionary margins are dominated by accretion of thick piles of sediments (> 1 km) from the subducting plate, while tectonic erosion is favored in regions where the sedimentary cover is < 1 km. However, as data help define geometry of the global subduction system, the consequences of the two styles of margins on subduction dynamics remain poorly resolved. In this study, we run systematic 2-D numerical simulations of subduction to investigate how sediment fluxes influence subduction dynamics and plate coupling. We vary the thickness and viscosity of the sediment layer entering subduction, the thickness of the upper plate, and the driving velocity of the subducting plate (i.e., kinematic boundary conditions). Our results show three modes of subduction interface: a) Tectonic erosion margin (high viscosity sediment layer), b) Low angle accretionary wedge margin (low viscosity, thin sediment layer), and c) High angle accretionary wedge margin (low viscosity, thick sediment layer). We find that the properties of the sediment layer modulate the extent of viscous coupling at the interface between the subducting and overriding plates. When the viscous coupling is increased, an erosive style margin will be favored over an accretionary style. On the other hand, when the viscous coupling is reduced, sediments are scrapped-off the subducting slab to form an accretionary wedge. Diagnostic parameters are extracted automatically from numerical simulations to analyze the dynamics and differentiate between these modes of subduction margin. Models of tectonic erosion margins show small radii of curvature, slow convergence rates and thin subduction interfaces, while results of accretionary margins show large radii of curvature, faster convergence rates and dynamic accretionary wedges. These diagnostics parameters are then linked with observations of present-day subduction zones.
Eighteen-year record of circum-Antarctic landfast-sea-ice distribution allows detailed baseline characterisation and reveals trends and variability
Authors: Fraser Alexander D. , Massom Robert A. , Handcock Mark S. , Reid Phillip , Ohshima Kay I. , Raphael Marilyn N. , Cartwright Jessica , Klekociuk Andrew R. , Wang Zhaohui , Porter-Smith Richard
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Landfast sea ice (fast ice) is an important though poorly understood component of the cryosphere on the Antarctic continental shelf, where it plays a key role in atmosphere–ocean–ice-sheet interaction and coupled ecological and biogeochemical processes. Here, we present a first in-depth baseline analysis of variability and change in circum-Antarctic fast-ice distribution (including its relationship to bathymetry), based on a new high-resolution satellite-derived time series for the period 2000 to 2018. This reveals (a) an overall trend of -882±824 km2 yr−1 (-0.19±0.18 % yr−1) and (b) eight distinct regions in terms of fast-ice coverage and modes of formation. Of these, four exhibit positive trends over the 18-year period and four negative. Positive trends are seen in East Antarctica and in the Bellingshausen Sea, with this region claiming the largest positive trend of +1198±359 km2 yr−1 (+1.10±0.35 % yr−1). The four negative trends predominantly occur in West Antarctica, with the largest negative trend of -1206±277 km2 yr−1 (-1.78±0.41 % yr−1) occurring in the Victoria and Oates Land region in the western Ross Sea. All trends are significant. This new baseline analysis represents a significant advance in our knowledge of the current state of both the global cryosphere and the complex Antarctic coastal system, which are vulnerable to climate variability and change. It will also inform a wide range of other studies.
Clinical Effects of Amoxicillin-clavulanate and Calcium Hydroxide as Intracanal Medicament on Inter appointment Pain among Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Kumar Rajesh , Harjani Priya , Suresh Sarang
Published: November 2021

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of Antibiotic amoxicillin-clavulanate and calcium hydroxide on inter appointmentpain in cases of Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis. Methodology:It was a single blind randomized controlled trial study performed in operative Dentistry Department ofLiaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. This study was conducted from 02-Jan-2017 to 27-June-2017. Total n=324 patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis were targeted. Patients were randomly allocated into twogroups. Total n=162 patients in group1 treated with Antibiotic amoxicillin-clavulanate and n=162 patients in group 2 ofcalcium hydroxide. Procedure was performed by single operator. Clinical effect was assessed if pain present or absent after24 hours and 7 days on recalled visit and was labeled as positive when there was no pain (0-3 on VAS) and as negativewhen there was pain (4-10 on VAS). Data of the study was analyzed by using the SPSS version 20. Mean and standarddeviation was calculated for quantitative variables like age and pre and postoperative pain. Frequency and percentageswere calculated for type of tooth. Both groups were compared byusing Chi- square test for clinical effect. Results:The average age of the patients was 39.807.36 years. There were 50% male and 50% female. Clinical effectivenesswas significantly high in group 1 than group 2 [79.01% vs. 65.43% p=0.006]. Conclusion:The findings of this study are encouraging that patients in which Amoxicillin-clavulanate was used as intracanalmedicament appeared to show a greater decrease in pain levels over the observation period when compared to the control group
Interest and Attitudes of Medical, Dental Students and Graduates Towards Pursuing Career in Basic Sciences
Authors: Heer Emal , Saadat Sohail , Bhatti Omaima
Published: November 2021

Objectives:To assess attitudes and perception of medical as well as dental students and graduates about a career in basicsciences from a public sector institute of Karachi. Study design and setting:A cross-sectional survey carried out using an online questionnaire amongst medical and dentalfinal year students and graduates from Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology:Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Chi-square test was used to compare categoricalvariables with likert scale responses regarding attitudes and perceptions about a career in basic sciences. Results:Out of 315 participants, 41.3% showed interest in basic sciencescareer. 46.4% of graduates showed interest inbasic sciences compared to 15.4% of students. Chi-square test did not reveal any significant association between medicaland dental students and graduates and their attitudes and perceptions regarding a career in basic sciences. Conclusion:Overall, a more positive response towards basic sciences was observed in our study, with graduates reportedbeing more attracted to a basic sciences career than students. However, majority believed there is lack of motivation andawareness about this career path, limited career and post-graduation options in basic sciences, no patient interaction and pressure from family creates disinterest in this career.
Recognising the importance of objects in travel writing
Authors: Stubbs Ben
Published: November 2021

Throughout its history, travel writing has not been held in the same esteem as many other forms of non-fiction writing (Youngs, 2013; Stubbs, 2015) due to issues with representation, the creative techniques used, and the subjective perspective of the writer. Despite this critique, Baine Campbell has asserted that travel writing has a ‘plurality’ (2002), which allows it to resonate across a variety of disciplines. This paper observes how a recognition of the importance of objects as evocative and creative artefacts can provide a prompt for more engaged and authentic examples of travel writing, so as to better achieve recognition as a legitimate blend of creative writing, journalism, and history writing. The research will examine the influential travel writing works of Bruce Chatwin with In Patagonia (1977) and Christopher Kremmer’s The Carpet Wars (2002) to observe how these writers use objects for significant creative and cultural guides within their explorations. By looking closer at how objects can present new ways of looking at and writing about place, I will examine how an awareness of meaningful artefacts has influenced the creative and structural choices of my own travel writing practice to better achieve a plurality of appeal that moves it beyond its past criticisms.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCENTAGE OF BODY FAT AND JUDGING IN GERMAN WHEEL GYMNASTICS
Authors: Weber Johanna
Published: November 2021

In some sports which focus on aesthetic aspects, such as figure skating, gymnastics and dancing, there is a strong demand for athletes to be and look lean. This demand could lead to pressure on the athletes and cause health problems. It must be clarified whether this is also the case in wheel gymnastics. For this purpose, the percentage of body fat and competitive results of 203 wheel gymnasts (183 female, 20 male, age 21.2 ± 11.9 and 16.8 ± 4.9 respectively; body fat percentage 14.5 ± 3.4 and 8.0 ± 3.7 respectively) were assessed crosssectionally and tested for correlation between the percentage of body fat and competitive results. Furthermore, their body fat percentage was compared to that of athletes from other aesthetic sports, and it was investigated whether judges might be influenced by percentage of body fat. For this purpose, technical difficulties in training and competition were compared for gymnasts with different percentages of body fat, at the same time taking into account the rating of judges` performance as perceived the gymnasts and their satisfaction with their results. The difference between the technical difficulty during training and competition correlates positively with the body fat percentage (p ≤ .010, r = .268). Gymnasts who are a) not content with judges’ ratings; b) content with their own performance, and c) have a higher percentage of body fat, significantly differed from gymnasts where fewer than three of these parameters were true regarding deductions for technical difficulty (p ≤ .000, η2 = .323).
Failure of Federalism in Pakistan, Lessons for the Future, an International Perspective
Authors: Dr. Ghulam Ali,  Dr. Sajjad Ahmad,  Dr. Benish Khan
Published: November 2021

Diverse societies have no option except federalism for the integration and harmony of conflicting ideas of ethnic nationalities. A best suited system of state affairs that devolved the powers constitutionally among the constituent unit is called federalism. In 1947 existing provinces formed the federation of Pakistan with the hope that the provinces will be provided maximum autonomy with democratic norms in the country. Unfortunately after the very few years of the forming of a new federation, democratic process was halted and dictatorship was enforced in the state. Army directly or indirectly remained involved in the matters of government and dictatorship regimes introduced authoritative policies. The main focus of every authoritative regime was on the centralization of powers and on making such decisions which were not in the favor of the state. During the eras of Ayub and Yahya khan such policies were adopted that ruined the confidence between East and West Pakistan which resulted into failure of federalism in 1971. After the disintegration, democratic governments were thrown out by Zia ul Haq and Pervez Musharraf by imposing Martial Laws that gave birth to sectarianism, terrorism and separatist movements within the country. The policies of the dictators jeopardized the harmony of the state. In this study it is drawn that if federalism in Pakistan has to work smoothly for creation of welfare, harmonized and integrated state then democracy with its true spirit is necessary and crucial for Pakistan.
PAK-US BILATERAL RELATIONS UNDER BUSH ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Imran Wakil ,Dr. Ghulam Mustafa ,Nida Shabbir
Published: November 2021

Pak-US relations under Bush administration historically reached at its peak. It was the result of his doctrine known as ‘Bush Doctrine’. It resulted in constituting a fundamental shift in US foreign policy. This work tried to dig out that how Bush decided to framed his own strategies and way of using power and influence for the pursuit of USA national interests. Unlike president Clinton, president Bush focused on securing geo-strategic rather geo-economic interests. It is also tried to high light that what compelled Bush administration to tilt towards Pakistan. It includes especially inexorable geographical position of Pakistan in the region, so was preferred by US policy makers in this region. Bush even ignored US policy to promote democracy and supported undemocratic rule of General Pervez Musharraf, as his rule was inevitable to secure US national interests in the region. Authorities in Pakistan promised to assist US in its war on terror. It was the same role of Pakistan for which it was given the status of non- NATO ally. Bush Administration in return offered economic and military assistance to Pakistan. This study is based on qualitative insight to find out the real face of Pak-US relations under Bush administration. Secondary data including reports of different institutions, books, research articles and analysis by several scholars have been approached to furnish this work.
Portrayal of Aasia Bibi Blasphemy Case: A Comparative Analysis of News Headlines in Pakistani Newspapers
Authors: Khushboo Rafiq ,  Abdul Bari ,  Muhammad Kamil Lakho
Published: November 2021

Language is a tool used for the social construction to frame public opinion. The study highlights that newspapers shape, reshape and manipulate the news headlines by representing them differently to achieve the desired objectives. This paper aims to investigate the coverage of Pakistani newspapers on Aasia Bibi’s acquittal decision by the Supreme Court of Pakistan. Content analysis considering Dijk Model and Framing Theory was conducted for the purpose. Unit of analysis was the news headlines of four famous dailies of Pakistan i.e., Daily Dawn, The Nation, Daily Jang and Daily Ummat published in the week of judgment of Aasia Bibi Case. Results revealed that the newspapers portrayed the same issue differently with the distinct discursive techniques. The Nation used lexical choices and emotional phrases to mold public opinions. Comparatively, Jang and Dawn were more objective and sensible in publishing its news headlines
TAXING DIGITAL ADVERTISING: A PROPOSAL TO INDONESIA
Authors: Ardin Galih
Published: November 2021

Tax on digital economy activities has become a widely discussed issue in the world because of the limitation on the permanent establishment concept in anticipating the digital economy's externalities. The failure of OECD countries to reach digital economic taxation agreements also caused these countries to take unilateral measures in securing their respective interests. Indonesia, as a country with considerable digital economy value in the Southeast Asia region, plans to implement the significant economic presence concept to secure its tax revenue that cannot be captured by PE concept in the digital cross-border transaction. However, the implementation of this new nexus could generate new challenges in the Indonesia taxation system. This study seeks to provide alternatives to the Indonesian government regarding the taxable presence and taxation methods on the digital economy, especially digital advertising, by conducting examination and evaluation through current nexuses, the international proposals, and other countries' experience in addressing tax challenges in the digital advertising.
Kameraet som redskab i forskning i børns leg
Authors: Skovbjerg Karoff Helle
Published: November 2021

I den skandinaviske børneforskning bruges kameraet i stort omfang som redskab i etnografisk inspireret arbejde med børn. Med udgangspunkt i en række konkrete eksempler fra et længere etnografisk arbejde blandt 17 danske børn og deres familier reflekterer artiklen over brugen af kameraet i forskningen i børns leg. Artiklen peger på tre områder, hvor brugen af kameraet er betydningsfuld i forhold til feltarbejderens vidensproduktion: Kameraet giver børnene en stemme, kameraet spiller en afgørende rolle i forhold til frembringelse af feltnotaterne og dermed også i adgangen til vidensproduktion, ligesom det forstærker interaktionen mellem deltagere og forsker. Perspektivet i artiklen er rundet af det såkaldte nye barndomsparadigme, og i det perspektiv forstås børn som aktører i deres egen ret, og barndommen besidder en selvstændig værdi, der rækker ud over forberedelsen til voksenlivet.
Et blikk på barns vilkår for fysisk aktivitet i barnehager: En komparativ studie, 1981 og 2009
Authors: Stokke Anne
Published: November 2021

Forskning viser at det fysiske miljøet er en nøkkeldeterminant for barns fysiske aktivitetsnivå. I Rammeplan for barnehagens innhold og oppgaver står det: Barnehagen skal ha areal og utstyr nok, tilby gode oppvekstmiljø som er både trygge og utfordrende og som skal fremme læring og mestring (KD 2006). I denne artikkelen presenteres resultater fra en landsrepresentativ kvantitativ spørreundersøkelse i norske barnehager angående barns aktivitetsnivå og vilkår for fysisk aktivitet ute. Hvilke utemiljø tilbys barna, hvor mye tid får barna til lek ute og hvilke restriksjoner møter de? Artikkelen vil især fokusere på en sammenligning av resultatene fra en tilsvarende kartleggingsundersøkelse i 1981 (Stokke 1982) for å se eventuelle forskjeller. Resultatene viser at endringene er relativt store og for det meste positive med tanke på barns muligheter for fysisk aktivitet. Barna er mer ute og det er mer bruk av natur.
Hvordan skapes og opprettholdes tvang? – en analyse av barns flyttinger til fosterhjem og hjem igjen
Authors: Angel Bjørn Øystein
Published: November 2021

Med utgangspunkt i intervjuer med ti barn, utforsker artikkelen barnevernets tvang overfor barn som flytter hjemmefra til fosterhjem og hjem igjen. Tvangen i barnevernet består av handlinger som innebærer omsorg og undertrykking på en og samme tid. Artikkelen viser at tvangen kan forstås som kjeder av ritualer som omvandler et barn til et objekt for omsorg (fosterbarn) for så å forvandle barnet til et subjekt igjen. Makten kan produsere disiplinerte barn som innordner seg. Samtidig kan makten gi næring til barnas motmakt og den mobiliserer energi som gir muligheter for utvikling og vekst, altså barn som ”gjør eget liv”.
Fra redaksjonen
Authors: Kjørholt Anne Trine
Published: November 2021

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Usynlige læringskulturer i skolefritidsordningen: Sammenhenger og brudd mellom barnehage, skolefritidsordning og skole
Authors: Foss Vigdis
Published: November 2021

Artikkelen handler om fremveksten av skolefritidsordningen (SFO) i Norge, slik den ble etablert og har eksistert mellom barnehagens rammeplan og skolens læreplan siden 1991. Dette inkluderer noe av debatten rundt etableringen av SFO, en gjennomgang av de offentlige dokumentene som beskriver hva som skulle prege innholdet i ordningen og en kortfattet presentasjon av undersøkelser om SFO fra perioden 1991–2005: Barn trives stort sett i SFO på grunn av lek og samvær med venner, men de opplever at de har for liten innflytelse på hverdagen. Det ser ikke ut til at de opprinnelige føringene for og intensjonene med SFO er realisert, hjelpeapparatet vurderer ikke SFO som egnet for barn med særskilte behov, SFO-plass er heller ikke tilgjengelig for alle på grunn av prisnivå.
”Inn i Ringen”: Et musikkpedagogisk utviklingsprosjekt i en flerkulturell barnehage
Authors: Dahl Bergsland Mirjam , Kvaran Knut
Published: November 2021

Med bakgrunn i prosjektet ”Inn i Ringen – et musikkpedagogisk utviklingsprosjekt i en flerkulturell barnehage”, tar artikkelforfatterne for seg hvordan man gjennom sang og musikk kan skape et inkluderende fellesskap i en flerkulturell barnehage. Med et postkolonialt perspektiv på barnehagens praksis vil artikkelforfatterne belyse hvordan man kan bruke musikk i barnehagen for å gi rom til marginaliserte identiteter og kunnskaper, og skape inkluderende fellesopplevelser i barnehagen. Artikkelen presenterer et prosjekt der målet var å fremme et mangfoldsperspektiv og fellesskap ved å ta utgangspunkt i alle barnas kulturelle bakgrunn. I artikkelen drøftes utfordringer knyttet til bruk av musikk i en flerkulturell sammenheng ut fra at man i en globalisert verden, der musikk har blitt tilgjengelig på en ny måte, bør utfordre etablerte forestillinger om musikkultur og tilhørighet, og være forsiktig med å knytte tradisjonsmusikk i for sterk grad til minoritetsspråklige barns tilhørighet.
Investıgatıon Of Attıtudes Of Pre-Servıce Teachers Of Exercıse And Sports Educatıon For Dısabılıtıes Towards Chıldren Wıth Mental Dısabılıtıes
Authors: Ilkim Mehmet , Mergan Bariş , Karadag Haci , Ruzgar Kerim
Published: November 2021

Background: Aim: This study aimed to determine the attitudes of pre-service teachers who study at Inonu University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise and Sports Education for the Disabilities, towards mentally disabled children. Methods: “The Attitudes of Physical Education and Sports Teacher Candidates Towards Mentally Handicapped Children” scale was used to collect the research data. The universe of the study consists of 200 students studying at the sports science faculty of Inonu University, in the department of exercise and sports education for the disabilities. The sample of the study consists of 136 students randomly selected from the given universe. Results: According to the findings of the study, no statistically significant difference was found between the attitudes of physical education teachers according to the gender, age, class variable, and the status of having a disabled person attitudes towards mentally disabled children. Conclusions: Keywords: Exercise, attitude, individuals with mental disability.
Coronavirus legislative responses in the UK: regression to panic and disdain of constitutionalism
Authors: Moosavian Rebecca , Walker Clive , Blick Andrew
Published: November 2021

The United Kingdom has considerable prowess in handling emergencies, not just in counterterrorism but also in a wide range of other real or imagined disasters, including public health risks. Core legislation has been installed, including the all-encompassing Civil Contingencies Act (CCA) 2004 and the more specialist Public Health (Control of Disease) Act (PHA) 1984. Despite these finely honed models, the UK state regressed to panic mode when faced with the COVID-19 pandemic. Rather than turning to the laws already in place, Parliament fast-tracked the Coronavirus Act 2020, with scant debate of its shabbily drafted contents. In addition, the UK Government has relied heavily, with minimal scrutiny, on regulations under the PHA 1984. The article analyses the competing legal codes and how they have been deployed to deal with COVID-19. It then draws out the strengths and weaknesses of the choices in terms of the key themes of: the choice of sectoral versus general emergency legislation; levels of oversight and accountability; effectiveness; and the protection of individual rights. Following this survey, it will be suggested that the selection of legal instruments and the design of their contents has been ill-judged. In short, the emergency code which is the most suitably engineered for the purpose, the CCA 2004, has been the least used for reasons which should not be tolerated.