bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEACHING A DIALOGUE AT ENGLISH LESSONS IN SCHOOL
Authors: Григорьева Елена Николаевна , Абрамова Анжелика Геннадьевна , Гурьянова Татьяна Юрьевна
Published: April 2021

Обучение диалогической речи на иностранном языке является одной из ключевых проблем иноязычного образования в силу доминирования данного вида речевой деятельности в ходе иноязычной коммуникации. Авторы статьи анализируют современное состояние вопроса обучения диалогу на английском языке, основные теоретические и практические аспекты обучения диалогической речи: особенности диалога как вида речевой деятельности, систему упражнений для обучения диалогу-расспросу на английском языке. Материалом исследования послужили труды по методике обучения устной речи на иностранном языке (В. Л. Скалкин, Е. Н. Соловова, М. Л. Вайсбурд, И. Л. Бим, М. В. Гайлит, Я. Яноушек, Г. В. Рогова, Н. П. Грачева). В ходе исследования на основе анализа экзаменационных ответов выпускников 9 и 11 классов на основного государственного экзамена (ОГЭ) и единого государственного экзамена (ЕГЭ) авторы статьи выявляют наиболее типичные ошибки и затруднения учеников в заданиях, предполагающих ведение условного диалога-расспроса на английском языке и ответы на вопросы коммуникатора. В статье также приводятся практические результаты проведенного эксперимента по апробации разработанного авторами комплекса упражнений для обучения условному диалогу-расспросу на английском языке в школе, основанного на применении визуальных опор и сочетании индуктивного и дедуктивного подходов к обучению диалогу.

Teaching a dialogical speech in a foreign language is one of the key problems of foreign language education due to the dominance of this type of speech activity in the course of foreign language communication. The authors of the article analyze the current state of the issue, the main theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of teaching a dialogue: features of dialogical speech, system of exercises for teaching dialogue in English. The research material is based on the works on methodology of teaching oral speech in a foreign language (V. L. Skalkin, E. N. Solovova, M. L. Weisburd, I. L. Bim, M. V. Gailit, Ya. Yanoushek, G. V. Rogova, N. P. Gracheva). In the course of the study, basing on the analysis of the Basic State Exam and Unified State Exam results, the authors identify the most typical mistakes when making a dialogue in English. The article also presents the practical results of experimental work on testing the set of exercises for teaching dialogical speech in English at school, based on the use of visual aids and a combination of inductive and deductive approaches to teaching a dialogue.
La cathédrale engloutie
Authors: Perrin Michel-Yves
Published: April 2021

Une brève histoire de la désignation complexe de l’église épiscopale dans l’Occident latin (v e -XIII e siècle).
L’héritage de la cathédrale dans la ville moderne
Authors: Linazasoro José Ignacio
Published: April 2021

Résumé L’influence structurante de la cathédrale sur l’espace urbain se discerne notamment dans l’aménagement des parvis et des abords ; ce que montre un panorama européen de travaux d’architectes et d’urbanistes.
Bonté, piété, amitié – Trois mots-clés pour l’humanité
Authors: González de Cardedal Olegario
Published: April 2021

Résumé Trois mots bien usés par usage et mésusage : ils sont pourtant essentiels pour vivre en harmonie avec les autres comme avec soi-même. Relire leur histoire permet de les réinsérer dans le langage commun.
L’avis des parents sur le conjoint choisi par leur enfant : quelles évolutions en un siècle ?
Authors: Bouchet-Valat Milan , Grobon Sébastien
Published: April 2021

L’influence de la famille sur le choix du conjoint diminue depuis le début du XX e  siècle, entraînant d’abord un désaccord plus fréquent des parents de 1920 à 1970, puis une tolérance croissante après. Le mariage d’amour se développe ; l’affinité entre conjoints prend le pas sur la proximité sociale. Les lieux de rencontre s’élargissent hors du voisinage et de la famille, et les parents se montrent de plus en plus ouverts à des conjoints d’un autre milieu.
Les Chic-Ouf !
Authors: Mercier Hutteau Béatrice
Published: April 2021

« Se séparer pour mieux se retrouver » : c’est peut-être ainsi la vie des Chic-Ouf et le bonheur d’être grands-parents !
Le coup du grand-père
Authors: Clerget Joël
Published: April 2021

La vie de grand-père est ici relatée à partir de l’expérience vécue et des réflexions qu’elle inspire, concernant la filiation, la génération, la succession. Les joies d’un grand-père n’excluent pas le souci, l’attention et la sollicitude.
El censo de población y viviendas de 2021 basado en registros administrativos: un gran paso adelante en el conocimiento estadístico de la población en España
Authors: Argüeso Antonio
Published: April 2021

Tradicionalmente, el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) ha elaborado los censos de población y viviendas basados en visitas a los hogares como la mejor fotografía posible de la población. Pero la información de los censos ya está en los registros administrativos, luego, ¿para qué preguntarla en los hogares? Recorrer todo el territorio para censar la población es una fuente de errores de todo tipo. Obtener los datos de registros administrativos es una labor muy compleja y un verdadero reto, pero estos se usan desde hace ya un par de décadas para producir estadísticas en muchos ámbitos y se observa que, actualmente, ofrecen mejor calidad que las encuestas. El censo de población no es una excepción. No estamos ante ningún salto al vacío, sino en un proceso que lleva madurando en el INE más de veinte años y que está suponiendo ya una mejora cualitativa en el conocimiento que tenemos de la población en España.
Social Impacts of Cyber Culture and Predictions About the Future of Open and Distance Education
Authors: Kip Kayabaş Buket
Published: April 2021

Developments in information and communication technologies play a major role in shaping economic, political, and cultural fields. Together with its inherent features, the internet, in addition to offering opportunities such as a new cultural space, freedom, and reality, has led the change of learning habits, cultural forms, and identities. Open and distance learning starting from correspondence education to computer networks-based education is one of the most affected areas by internet technologies. Various applications have developed in the field of open and distance education over time with the reflections of cyber culture. The aim of this study is to define cyber culture with its components and examine which areas it affects in our daily lives then to investigate the future open and distance education applications shaped by cyber culture.
From Pixels to Picture
Authors: Sneller Erich
Published: April 2021

This chapter addresses a framework and the associated methods by which curious teachers can grow their leadership in their classrooms, schools, and communities. In particular, attention to teachers' professional development in the following areas are examined: teacher-generated student goals, clarity of student learning, soliciting student feedback, and well-being practices for teachers. When these areas are at the center of a teacher and a school's decision-making process, students' academic achievement, personal health, and prosocial behavior have immense potential to improve.
Instructional Leadership
Authors: Zugelder Bryan S.
Published: April 2021

While principals are ultimately accountable for instructional leadership, they also are burdened by the increasing demands of the administrative job and, therefore, must rely on the capable teaching professionals to help carry out the instructional mission of the school. Indicators of instructional leadership for teacher leaders include coaching and mentoring, collaboration, and understanding the context of school and community. This chapter addresses the constructs of instructional leadership, including 1) understanding effective instructional practices, 2) alignment of school-wide instructional systems, 3) use of data to improve instruction, 4) the fostering of collective continuous improvement, and 5) inclusion of collaborative professional development for school personnel to build professional capacity and leadership in all. The intersection between principal and teacher leader roles, as a premise for distributive leadership, will be explored and proposed with recommendations for future research.
An Untapped Resource
Authors: Almeida Traci , Hall Maureen P.
Published: April 2021

This chapter showcases a teacher preparation program (TPP) targeting early career, in-service teachers who are most vulnerable to early attrition and was created to support district efforts to retain and develop an effective workforce. The chapter focuses and puts a spotlight on the role of the instructional consultant, which is the most innovative aspect of this district-based teacher preparation program. These instructional consultants are embedded in the design and delivery of program coursework. This instructional consultant role was innovated to provide a conduit for teacher leadership in this ongoing partnership. This chapter recounts how this partnership began, how instructional consultants have become a conduit for leveraging and growing teacher leadership for all stakeholders involved in this school-university partnership, and the ongoing impact of this program in terms of teacher retention and improving instructional effectiveness.
A Sociocultural Study on English Learners' Critical Thinking Skills and Competence
Authors: Ramírez-Verdugo Maria Dolores , Márquez Eva
Published: April 2021

This chapter presents a sociocultural instructional model designed to raise L2 learners' awareness to the vital importance of developing their critical thinking competence, especially in global crisis times. For this purpose, a pilot study was launched to explore English learners' attitudinal factors based on their critical thinking responses to rhetoric passages with a high sociolinguistic content component. This study, part of a more extensive quasi-experimental UAM-TeLL project, was implemented in a high school of Cartagena with first-year baccalaureate students. This educational approach's structure allowed the researchers to measure the dynamic of participants' feelings and reflective attitudes. The study's analytical instruments included three dimensions pre- and post- questionnaires, specific tasks on judgment and inference, guided interviews, rubrics, and field observation. This chapter reports on the initial qualitative findings and confirm students' engagement and awareness of their critical thinking skills.
Writing in Times of Crisis
Authors: Kalan Amir
Published: April 2021

This chapter focuses on a memoir and a film that narrate the experiences of Kurdish writer Behrouz Boochani in an Australian refugee camp in Papua New Guinea in order to show how genres organically develop out of human engagement with social and historical circumstances. The author discusses the novel and the film as examples of how writers' interactions with the world impose rhetorical orientations and nurture genre formation. This chapter illustrates that, as opposed to the dominant view of rhetoric as a means of persuasion, the essence of rhetoric and genre formation is engagement with what the author calls “phenomenological autoethnography.” The author argues that studying writing in times of crisis makes the phenomenological and autoethnographic foundations of writing visible because in crises rhetoric is unapologetically used to resist injustice and build resistance through “poetic realism,” which consists of fluid genre practices that can help capture the complexities of human experience.
Collaborative Networking Towards Application-Aware Networking
Authors: Konda Tirumaleswar Reddy
Published: April 2021

Application-aware networking (AAN) is a framework in which applications can discover services offered by a network and explicitly signal their flow characteristics and requirements to the network. Such framework provides network nodes with knowledge of the application flow characteristics, which enables them to apply the correct flow treatment (e.g., bind the flow to a network slice, bind the flow to a service function chaining, set appropriate quality of service marking, invoke policing and shaping rules) and provide feedback to applications accordingly. This chapter describes how an application enabled collaborative networking framework contributes to solve the encountered problems. The chapter also describes recent proposals such as the PAN (path-aware networking) framework discussed within the IRTF and the APN (application-aware networking) framework that is meant to convey application identification and its network performance in-band.
Granular VNF-Based Microservices
Authors: Huang Zhaohui , Friderikos Vasilis , Dohler Mischa , Aghvami Hamid
Published: April 2021

The dawn of the 5G commercialization era brings the proliferation of advanced capabilities within the triptych of radio access network, end user devices, and edge cloud computing which hopefully propel the introduction of novel, complex multimodal services such as those that enlarge the physical world around us like mobile augmented reality. Managing such advanced services in a granular manner through the emerging architectures of microservices within a network functions virtualization (NFV) framework allows for several benefits but also raises some challenges. The aim of this chapter is to shed light into the architectural aspects of the above-envisioned virtualized mobile network ecosystem. More specifically, and as an example of advanced services, the authors discuss how augmented reality applications can be decomposed into several service components that can be located either at the end-user terminal or at the edge cloud.
Drone Security
Authors: Lacoste Marc , Armand David , Parzysz Fanny , Ferreira Loïc , Arfaoui Ghada , Rafflé Yvan , Gourhant Yvon , Bihannic Nicolas , Roché Sébastien
Published: April 2021

This chapter explores the security challenges of the drone ecosystem. Drones raise significant security and safety concerns, both design-time and run-time (e.g., supply-chain, technical design, standardization). Two broad classes of threats are considered, on drones and using drones (e.g., to attack critical infrastructures or vehicles). They involve both professional and non-professional drones and lead to various types of attacks (e.g., IoT-type vulnerabilities, GPS spoofing, spying, kinetic attacks). Trade-offs involving hardware and software solutions to meet efficiency, resource limitations, and real-time constraints are notably hard to find. So far, protection solutions remain elementary compared to the impact of attacks. Advances in technologies, new use cases (e.g., enhancing network connectivity), and a regulatory framework to overcome existing barriers are decisive factors for sustainable drone security market growth.
Reflections of the Impact of Umunthu/Ubuntu on My Upbringing
Authors: Musopole Augustine Chingwala
Published: April 2021

The idea of Ubuntu meaning humanness is contrasted with that of unyama meaning beastliness. Analytically, Ubuntu touches on integrity, wisdom, hard work or economic productivity, social solidarity as a people who are in relationship as constitutive of their identity as opposed to rugged individualism. This leads to a philosophy that is very different from that which has developed in the West. Therefore, the upbringing that was shaped by the author's mother and the communal ethos insisted on that which characterized Ubuntu.
Ubuntu and Educational Leadership
Authors: Davis Charles Bryan
Published: April 2021

Ubuntu has implications that extend beyond the boundaries of the organization, promoting a strong sense of mutual dependence with the community. For educational leaders, Ubuntu implies strong connections with parents of students as well as the entire local population. The author of this chapter is an American who has worked in Senegal for 25 years and learned about Ubuntu in the context of educational leadership. Using enacted environment theory as a theoretical lens, this chapter uses four short case studies that illustrate how the author learned what educational leaders do to enact an environment for their schools in which Ubuntu values are evident. The lesson drawn from these accounts is that the value of external stakeholders must be seen with a long-term lens, and the dividends these relationships pay elude Western ideas of management. These case studies also identify concrete advantages that the external environment can provide for a school when its leaders have enacted the values of Ubuntu.
Industry 4.0 in the Context of the Triple Bottom Line of Sustainability
Authors: Müller Julian M.
Published: April 2021

Industry 4.0 and sustainability are trending topics in the industry and scientific research. However, there is currently no comparable study, which summarizes the impacts of Industry 4.0 on all three dimensions of the Triple Bottom Line at the same time. This chapter aims to present a comprehensive overview of Industry 4.0 in the context of the Triple Bottom Line of sustainability. For this reason, a systematic literature review is conducted to find out the current state of literature about this topic. The chapter presents a systematic literature review on 64 peer-reviewed journal articles, which have been published between 2014 and 2019. An in-depth analysis of the content as well as an analysis of the empirical methodologies are conducted. To structure the existing knowledge, a framework is developed, and the findings are categorized into ecological and social aspects. On this basis the content is evaluated to discuss key findings and relating interdependencies.
Tacit Knowledge Sharing for System Integration
Authors: Abbas Yawar , Martinetti Alberto , Rajabalinejad Mohammad , Frunt Lex , van Dongen Leo A. M.
Published: April 2021

Sharing of tacit knowledge is a key topic of research within the knowledge management community. Considering its embodied nature, organizations have always struggled with embedding it into their processes. Proper execution of complex processes such as system integration asks for an adequate sharing of tacit knowledge. Acknowledging the importance of lessons learned for system integration and their presence in tacit and explicit form, a case study was conducted within the Netherlands Railways. It was determined that non-sensitivity to the tacit dimension of lessons learned has resulted in their lack of utilization. Consequently, LEAF framework was developed, where LEAF stands for learnability, embraceability, applicability, and findability. The framework suggests that addressing these four features collectively can eventually lead to an adequate knowledge-sharing strategy for lessons learned. Lastly, the chapter presents an example from the Netherlands Railways to emphasize the key role technological solutions of Industry 4.0 can play in facilitating tacit knowledge sharing.
Achieving Environmental Sustainability Through Industry 4.0 Tools
Authors: Aquilani Barbara , Piccarozzi Michela , Silvestri Cecilia , Gatti Corrado
Published: April 2021

Almost all firms are involved in challenges linked to Industry 4.0 that represent a new logic for business models focused on innovation, technology, and sustainability. In this domain, the support and integration of digital innovations is assuming ever greater importance and a key role is played by the so-called “industrial symbiosis.” Looking more in depth at industrial symbiosis literature, which practically developed within the engineering domain, it is clear that most of its particular traits can also be found in management literature when referring to value co-creation, especially in the business to business domain. Given the above, the aim of this work is twofold: to analyze the role of Industry 4.0 digital platforms as a tool for the development of environmental sustainability and to understand how Industry 4.0 as a whole can support the achievement of environmental sustainability goals. The only Italian case will be used to validate the proposed theoretical framework.
Sustainable Implications of Industry 4.0
Authors: Tarifa-Fernández Jorge
Published: April 2021

Industry 4.0, and in general, digital technologies, represent a fundamental model shift towards decentralization and individualized production. With this, the development of new services and business models based on the internet is encouraged. Somehow, this forces traditional supply chains to evolve into highly adaptative networks. Companies have to consider their internal resources and the benefits of getting closer to partners in the supply chain. In this sense, the implementation of these technologies is accompanied by a series of sustainable implication at economic, environmental, and social levels.
Towards an Industry 4.0-Based Maintenance Approach in the Manufacturing Processes
Authors: García J. Roberto Reyes , Martinetti Alberto , Becker Juan M. Jauregui , Singh Sarbjeet , van Dongen Leo A. M.
Published: April 2021

Maintenance is one of the key application areas of Industry 4.0. Every day, maintenance managers and technicians face the challenge of ensuring maximum machine reliability and availability, while minimizing the utilization of materials consumed by maintenance and repairs. As productivity is pressured to further improve, finding a successful balance between these aspects is becoming increasingly difficult. Therefore, integrating condition-monitoring systems with predictive and prescriptive maintenance principles, a new Industry 4.0-based maintenance can be obtained that enables maintenance engineers to better deal with this challenge. In this context, Maintenance 4.0 expands existing maintenance functions by the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies, like internet of things, cyber physical systems, augmented reality, and 3D printing. This chapter presents the main maintenance areas that are supported and enabled by Industry 4.0 technologies and introduces an Industry 4.0-based predictive maintenance approach for the manufacturing industry.
Espousal of Industry 4.0 in Indian Manufacturing Organizations
Authors: Kumar Ravinder
Published: April 2021

A formal industrialization commenced with steam power generation and the application of machines that mechanized the industrial work in past. Subsequently, the development in electric power, the assembly lines, and mass manufacturing led toward the third era of numeric control and automation. Now in modern era of industry 4.0, robots connected with the computers and machines. Tools are working on machines learning algorithms and running the cyber physical manufacturing systems. Sensing the need of hour, Indian manufacturing organizations are working hard to implement the practices of Industry 4.0. Working on identical direction, the author has identified 12 enablers poignant the espousal of Industry 4.0 in Indian manufacturing sectors from literature review and by opinion of experts. Further, the author has used Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique for developing the structural and circumstantial kinship among the enablers of Industry 4.0.
Prioritizing the Enablers of Construction Supply Chain in the Industry 4.0 Environment
Authors: Agrawal Vivek , Yadav Seemant Kumar , Mohanty R. P. , Agrawal Anand M.
Published: April 2021

Industry 4.0, the fourth-generation industrial revolution, is not only changing the manufacturing industry but others also, like the construction industry and the related supply chain issues. The construction industry has its own challenges (e.g., temporary work and involvement of high coordination, among others). This study is an attempt to explore the enablers to overcome these issues and prioritize them. Decisions are more complex if they are intangible, non-expressible, qualitative, etc. To overcome this problem in the present study, AHP technique is used. With the help of AHP, 4 enablers and 14 sub-enablers of construction supply chain are prioritized. E-supply chain management is ranked first followed by digitization, tracking and localization, and cloud computing. In the case of sub-enablers, web service technology comes at first rank whereas management information system comes at 14th rank. This study will help the managers and professionals in construction organizations in building a good setup by focusing on these explored enablers.
Insights Into Managing Project Teams for Industry 4.0
Authors: Marnewick Carl , Marnewick Annlizé
Published: April 2021

In a fast-paced and changing world demanded by Industry 4.0, the continuous delivery of products and level of integration of technologies are required. This is achieved through the introduction of agile but agile itself demands changes in the way projects are managed. The role of the project manager itself is changing from a command and control to a collaborative and coaching style of leadership. Project teams on the other hand should be self-organizing and self-directed to be agile. Managing agile teams requires a different approach as the idea is to deliver workable solutions and products at a faster space. New project manager skills and competencies are required as well as ways to manage agile teams. A conceptual model is introduced, highlighting the required enablers for an agile environment. The enablers have an impact on how the agile project manager interacts with the agile team. The end result is that products are faster deployed enabling organizations to react to the changes demanded by Industry 4.0.
The New Challenges in the Training of the Engineer for the Industry 4.0
Authors: Mazini Sergio Ricardo , Baptistella Márcia Maria Teresa
Published: April 2021

The growing changes brought about by new concepts and new technologies, such as Industry 4.0, have demanded that educational institutions seek new teaching and learning methodologies, as well as new resources that can contribute to the training of the future engineer. This chapter demonstrates some practices adopted in the process of training the future engineer in a university center in the interior of the state of São Paulo through the use of the CDIO initiative. The results presented confirm the importance and necessity of changes in the teaching and learning process in higher education institutions.
Industrial Occupational Safety
Authors: Pinto da Costa Susana , Costa Nélson
Published: April 2021

The new industrial revolution will encompass massive change. Manufacturing Companies are pursuing digitalization and trying to figure out how to implement collaborative robots, all the while trying to manage data safety and security. It is a big challenge to deal with all the needed infrastructures to handle the big data digitalization provides whilst having to account for the shielding of it. Even more so when one has to succeed at it while taking care of the workers, the sustainability of their jobs, the implementation of safe practices at work, based on the contributions of the whole, through efficient vertical communication, imbued with Safety Culture and aiming the sustainability of the Company itself. This chapter proposes to address the role of standardization in managing industry 4.0, where culture, Risk Management and Human Factors are key, and how the tools provided by these norms may contribute to nimbly balance each Company's needs.
An Application of an Intelligent Data Warehouse for Modelling Spatiotemporal Objects
Authors: Garani Georgia , Cassavia Nunziato , Savvas Ilias K.
Published: April 2021

Data warehouse (DW) systems provide the best solution for intelligent data analysis and decision-making. Changes applied to data gradually in real life have to be projected to the DW. Slowly changing dimension (SCD) refers to the potential volatility of DW dimension members. The treatment of SCDs has a significant impact over the quality of data analysis. A new SCD type, Type N, is proposed in this research paper, which encapsulates volatile data into historical clusters. Type N preserves complete history of changes, additional tables, columns, and rows are not required, extra join operations are omitted, and surrogate keys are avoided. Type N is implemented and compared to other SCD types. Good candidates for practicing SCDs are spatiotemporal objects (i.e., objects whose shape or geometry evolves slowly over time). The case study used and implemented in this paper concerns shape-shifting constructions (i.e., buildings that respond to changing weather conditions or the way people use them). The results demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed SCD Type N.
A Semantic Knowledge-Based Framework for Information Extraction and Exploration
Authors: Aljamel Abduladem , Osman Taha , Thakker Dhavalkumar
Published: April 2021

The availability of online documents that describe domain-specific information provides an opportunity in employing a knowledge-based approach in extracting information from web data. This research proposes a novel comprehensive semantic knowledge-based framework that helps to transform unstructured data to be easily exploited by data scientists. The resultant sematic knowledgebase is reasoned to infer new facts and classify events that might be of importance to end users. The target use case for the framework implementation was the financial domain, which represents an important class of dynamic applications that require the modelling of non-binary relations. Such complex relations are becoming increasingly common in the era of linked open data. This research in modelling and reasoning upon such relations is a further contribution of the proposed semantic framework, where non-binary relations are semantically modelled by adapting the semantic reasoning axioms to fit the intermediate resources in the N-ary relations requirements.
Edge Computing-Induced Caching Strategy for National Traditional Sports Video Resources by Considering Unusual Items
Authors: Pan Wenwen , Liu Bei , Song Zhiliang
Published: April 2021

In order to promote the development of national traditional sports to carry forward the spirit and culture of a country or nation, this paper designs a system for national traditional sports video distribution with the help of software-defined network and mobile edge computing technologies. Thus, the popular national traditional sports resources can be cached in mobile edge computing servers, which can reduce the delay time from cloud center directly. In order to improve the hit rate of the cached videos, the ant colony-stimulated annealing is used as the caching strategy. The experimental results show that the ant colony-stimulated annealing caching strategy can increase the hit rate of the contents in mobile edge computing servers as well as decrease the delay time of the request videos. The ant colony-stimulated annealing caching strategy performs better than previous caching strategies for updating contents in mobile edge computing servers.
History and People of Solid-State Diffusion – An Overview
Authors: Mehrer Helmut , Murch Graeme E.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a brief history of the contributions of many of the major researchers in the field of solid state diffusion is presented starting from 1829 up to the present day. People who are still making significant contributions to the field are mentioned. The authors are well aware that such an attempt is necessarily incomplete and inevitably based on personal knowledge and flavour.
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Fe-X (X= Al, Cr, Mn, Ti, B, and C) Melts under High Pressure
Authors: Zhang Ying , Tang Jian , Wang William Yi , Wu Yi Dong , Lin De Ye , Wang Jun , Tang Bin , Hui Xi Dong , Belova Irina V. , Murch Graeme E. , Li Jin Shan
Published: April 2021

The kinetic properties such as diffusivity and viscosity of the metal melt are the foundations to reveal the structure evolutions and the glass formation abilities during solidification of the investigated alloy, thus, to control the microstructures, defects and properties of materials. In this work, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to investigate the kinetic and thermodynamic properties and the structural relaxations of Fe-X (X = 10-15 wt% Al, Cr, Mn and Ti, or 1-2wt% B and C) melts under various temperature and external pressure, which are in line with the interested concentration range of multi-component Fe-based alloys. The kinetics and structural relaxations are characterized by mean squared displacement, velocity autocorrelation function and self-intermediate scattering function. The thermodynamics properties including entropy and heat capacity are calculated by combining the vibrational and electronic contributions based on vibrational and electronic density of states. The predicted kinetics and thermodynamics properties under high temperature and pressure agree well with the experimental and theoretical results while the connection among structural relaxations and diffusion are revealed based on the Stokes-Einstein relation and the Hall-Wolynes (HW) relation. This work provides an insight into the structure-property relationships of metal melts, which are essential in the development of advanced multi-component Fe-based alloys.
Novel Interdiffusion Analysis in Multicomponent Alloys - Part 2: Application to Quaternary, Quinary and Higher Alloys
Authors: Belova Irina V. , Afikuzzaman Mohammad , Murch Graeme E.
Published: April 2021

A novel study of analysis interdiffusion in multicomponent alloys is investigated by means of closed form solutions and numerical simulations. Quaternary as well as selected CoCrFeMnNi (HEAs) quinary metallic systems are analysed using one, two and three diffusion couples with the full set of interdiffusion coefficients being calculated. A custom written Matlab fitting program (MFP) is used as the main tool for the simultaneous fitting into multiple composition profiles in both systems. The retrieved interdiffusion matrices are obtained using a newly developed approach that is interlinked with composition vectors, eigenvalues and eigenvector. On average, it can be concluded that the accuracy of the obtained matrices steadily improves with the increase of the number of couples used in the analysis.
Techniques of Tracer Diffusion Measurements in Metals, Alloys and Compounds
Authors: Gärtner Daniel , Belkacemi Lisa , Esin Vladimir A. , Jomard François , Fedotov Andrey A. , Schell Juliana , Osinskaya Julia V. , Pokoev Alexander V. , Duhamel Cécilie , Paul Aloke , Divinski Sergiy V.
Published: April 2021

Tracer diffusion is one of most reliable techniques for providing basic kinetic data in solids. In the present review, selected direct methods, in particular the radiotracer measurements as a superior technique due to its high sensitivity, Secondary-Ion-Mass-Spectroscopy (SIMS) profiling, X-Ray Diffraction measurements and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry are presented and discussed. Special attention is put on the radiotracer technique describing the currently used sectioning techniques in detail with a focus on the experimental applications and complications. The relevant experimental results are exemplary shown. Furthermore, the most recent developments and advances related to the combined tracer/inter-diffusion measurements are highlighted. It is shown that this approach offers possibilities to provide the concentration-dependent tracer diffusion coefficients of the constituting elements in multi-component alloys in high-throughput experiments. Possibilities of estimating the tracer diffusion coefficients following different types of diffusion couple methods in binary and multicomponent systems are briefly introduced. Finally, specificity of SIMS analysis of diffusion in fine-grained materials are carefully analyzed. If applicable, a direct comparison of the results obtained by different techniques is given.
Vacancy-Mediated Diffusion and Diffusion-Controlled Processes in Ordered Binary Intermetallics by Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Abdank-Kozubski Rafał Leszek , Murch Graeme E. , Belova Irina V.
Published: April 2021

We review the results of our Monte Carlo simulation studies carried out within the past two decades in the area of atomic-migration-controlled phenomena in intermetallic compounds. The review aims at showing the high potential of Monte Carlo methods in modelling both the equilibrium states of the systems and the kinetics of the running processes. We focus on three particular problems: (i) the atomistic origin of the complexity of the ‘order-order’ relaxations in γ’-Ni3Al; (ii) surface-induced ordering phenomena in γ-FePt and (iii) ‘order—order’ kinetics and self-diffusion in the ‘triple-defect’ β-NiAl. The latter investigation demonstrated how diverse Monte Carlo techniques may be used to model the phenomena where equilibrium thermodynamics interplays and competes with kinetic effects.
Priorità di accesso alla vaccinazione anti-SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19: questione di valori, non solo di fatti
Authors: Refolo Pietro , Sacchini Dario , Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: April 2021

Una delle questioni più spinose che accompagna il dibattito sulla campagna vaccinale anti-SARS-CoV-2/COVID- 19 è quella che riguarda l’accesso ai vaccini, ossia l’ordine di priorità da seguire, soprattutto nella fase iniziale di somministrazione, caratterizzata da un forte squilibrio tra domanda e offerta. In Italia, l’accesso è regolato dal Piano strategico dell’Italia per la vaccinazione anti-SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 del dicembre 2020, a cui ha fatto seguito un documento di aggiornamento del febbraio 2021. L’obiettivo del presente contributo è di analizzare sotto un profilo etico i due documenti, approfondendo in particolare il tema delle giustificazioni che sono alla base delle scelte prese e del loro inquadramento rispetto alla prospettiva egualitarista del Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN) italiano.
Comparison of analgesic requirements in robot-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic abdominal surgeries
Authors: Mangalath Athira Suresh , Kumar Lakshmi , Sawant Ambreen Basheer , Kesavan Rajesh , Ravindran Greeshma , Sunil Rajan
Published: April 2021

Background and Aims:

Robot-assisted surgery is advantageous in the precision of tissue handling and shorter postoperative recovery. We compared postoperative analgesic requirements in laparoscopic versus robot-assisted surgery in the first 24 h as our primary objective. The secondary outcomes were extubation on table, time to ambulation, and length of ICU stay.

Material and Methods:

After approval from the ethics committee 48 patients undergoing either laparoscopic (group L [n = 24]) or robotic abdominal surgery (group R [n = 24]) were evaluated for analgesic requirements postoperative targeting a numerical rating scale ≤3 in a prospective comparative study. Postoperative patients were allotted to a three-tier pain management, level 1 comprising paracetamol 1 g intravenously every 8 h, level 2, 1.5 mg/kg tramadol every 8 h, and level 3 fentanyl 0.5 μg/kg. The total analgesic consumption in the first 24 h was calculated for each group. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test.

Results:

Age, weight, and types of surgery were comparable between the groups. The intraoperative opioid use was comparable between both groups but the duration of surgery was longer in group R. Postoperative analgesic requirements were significantly less in group R (P = 0.024) and the length of ICU stay was shorter (P < 0.05). The time to ambulation was significantly shorter in group R patients (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Analgesic requirements were significantly less in robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in the first 24 h. The time to ambulation and length of ICU stay were shorter in the robot-assisted group in comparison to the laparoscopic group.
Ultrasonographic Features of Hypothenar Region Extra Digital Glomus Tumor
Authors: Kachare Manohar , Khan Alamgir , Joshi Umesh , Patil Sachin
Published: April 2021

We report a case of a 32-year-old female with a 6-month history of excruciating pain in hypothenar region of the left hand. Pain was aggravated by pressure, touch, and cold temperature. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography revealed a well-defined, hypoechoic lesion in the deep dermis and subcutaneous fat in the left hypothenar eminence with mixed arterial and venous signals within on Doppler study, suggestive of subcutaneous vascular lesion, and a diagnosis of glomus tumor was suggested. The patient underwent excision of the lesion. Pathological examination of the specimen showed a glomus tumor and excluded malignant transformation to glomangiosarcoma. Extra digital glomus tumor can be diagnosed on ultrasound with high confidence in appropriate clinical setting.
Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade on Intestinal Injury Induced by Indomethacin in Rats
Authors: Rabee Asmaa Abdulaziz A. , Mansour Yahya Saber E. , Mariz Huda A. , Eljamay Salwa Muftah
Published: April 2021

Aim:

The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the possible cytoprotective effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade, captopril (10 mg/kg), telmisartan (10 mg/kg), and a proton-pump inhibitor (lansoprazole) on intestinal injury induced by indomethacin in rats.

Materials and Methods:

This effect was evaluated through the assessment of intestinal inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress parameters. Forty adult male albino rats weighing 170–200 g were used and divided equally into five groups. After the treatment, the following were assessed: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity, pro-inflammatory (interleukin-1beta [IL-1 β]) content and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, and histopathological examination of the intestinal tissues was conducted.

Results:

Indomethacin group induced a significant increase in MDA content, also in inflammatory biomarker (MPO enzyme activity, IL-1 β content, and IL-10 content) compared to normal control, while indomethacin group induced a significant decrease in GSH content, SOD enzyme activity compared to normal control group. Captopril, telmisartan, lansoprazole administration before indomethacin-induced significant increase in GSH content, SOD enzyme activity, while induced significant decrease in MDA content as well as in inflammatory biomarker compared to indomethacin group, which indicate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and the gastroprotective properties of RAAS blockers, which also shown in the histopathological examination of intestinal tissues.

Conclusion:

This study showed the possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as the gastroprotective properties of RAAS blockers. Telmisartan has more antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect as well as cytoprotective action than captopril.
Cervix Image Classification for Prognosis of Cervical Cancer using Deep Neural Network with Transfer Learning
Authors: Dhawan Sanjeev , Singh Kulvinder , Arora Mamta
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is the leading cancer among the other female cancers. It develops in the cervix of women. It takes decades in development thus can be preventable if diagnosed at an early stage. The cervix is classified into three types Type I/II/III. The efficacy of the treatment depends on the diagnosis of the right type of cervix. There is a thin line difference between the three types. Thus, identification of the right type of cervix becomes a difficult task for the health care providers too. To aid this problem, we proposed an algorithm based on the standard transfer learning approach used for building a model that classifies cervix images.OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to develop a cervical cancer predictive model based on deep learning and transfer learning techniques that will recognize and classify the cervix images into one of the classes (Type 1/Type2/Type3).METHODS: Techniques used for carrying out the experimental work includes deep learning and Transfer Learning. The three pertained models namely InceptionV3, ResNet50, and VGG19 are used for creating ConvNet that will classify the cervix images.RESULTS: The result of the experiment reveals that the Inception v3 model is performing better than Vgg19 and ResNet50 with an accuracy of 96.1% on the cervical cancer dataset.CONCLUSION: In the future, augmentation techniques can be employed to achieve better accuracy.
Quality of drained waters of the irrigated rice frames during the establishment of pre-germinated cultivation system
Authors: Zang Marthin , Toni Cezar Augusto Gama de , Nascimento Paulo César do , Fioreze Cláudio , Machado Cássio Martinez , Vodzik Gustavo Ristow , Silva Edsleine Ribeiro da , Mocelin Caio De Melo
Published: April 2021

Irrigated rice (Oriza sativa L.) pre-germinated production systems occupy approximately 100 thousand ha, annually cultivated in Rio Grande do Sul State, mainly in poorly drained areas, and with infestation of competing plants, especially red rice (Oriza sativa L.). This system constitutes the main technologic resource for rice crops produced on an ecological basis, by means of soil tillage and water management. Despite this, water outlets, specifically after seeding, have outstanding agronomic and environmental implications. Loss of nutrients and the physical and chemical quality of drained water have been questioned by public research and environmental institutions. This work evaluated the effects of different soil tillage systems and retention time of water in irrigated rice frames. The experiment was conducted in Viamão town, Rio Grande do Sul State. Two different soil tillage systems and four different times of frame drainage after seeding were investigated. Results showed that the main limiting attributes of water quality were turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and phosphorus (P) content, reaching 1800 TNU, 115 mg L-1, and 1.6 mg L-1, respectively. These attributes showed values higher than established environmental thresholds. Water quality was inappropriate to discharge directly into water courses, regardless of treatments.An alternative is the immediate placement in rice production areas, in more advanced development stages of plants. Pre-germinated rice crops require a system framework to avoid nutrient loss and consequent reduction of soil fertility.
Absolute Neutrophil Count after the First Chemotherapy Cycle as a Surrogate Marker for Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Neuroblastoma
Authors: Lee Ji Won , Bae Joon Seol , Kim Jin Ho , Cho Hee Won , Ju Hee Young , Yoo Keon Hee , Koo Hong Hoe , Woo Sook-young , Kim Seonwoo , Sung Ki Woong
Published: April 2021

Purpose We performed this study to determine whether the degree of neutropenia after the first chemotherapy cycle can be used as a surrogate marker of individual susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents affecting treatment outcome in patients with neuroblastoma.Materials and Methods The study included 313 patients who received the first cycle chemotherapy with a CEDC (cisplatin+etoposide+doxorubicin+cyclophosphamide) regimen and had absolute neutrophil count (ANC) data available. The cumulative incidences of progression and treatment-related mortality (TRM) were estimated. To identify genetic variations associated with the ANC, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed.Results An ANC of 32.5/μL was determined as the cutoff point to categorize patients into the good and poor prognosis subgroups in terms of progression. Patients with a high nadir ANC had a higher cumulative incidence of progression than those with a low nadir ANC (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, high nadir ANC, age, bone marrow involvement, and unfavorable histology were poor prognostic factors. With regard to the TRM, patients with a low nadir ANC (ANC < 51.0/μL) had a higher cumulative incidence of TRM than those with a high nadir ANC (p=0.010). In GWAS, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of LPHN2 and CRHR1 were significantly associated with the nadir ANC.Conclusion In neuroblastoma patients, the degree of neutropenia after the first chemotherapy cycle can be used as a surrogate marker to predict an individual’s susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents. Tailoring of treatment based on the degree of neutropenia needs to be considered.