bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the ArcCHECK‐MRdiode array's performance for ViewRay quality assurance
Authors: Ellefson Steven T. , Culberson Wesley S. , Bednarz Bryan P. , DeWerd Larry A. , Bayouth John E.
Published: July 2017

The ArcCHECK‐MRdiode array utilizes a correction system with a virtual inclinometer to correct the angular response dependencies of the diodes. However, this correction system cannot be applied to measurements on the ViewRayMR‐IGRTsystem due to the virtual inclinometer's incompatibility with the ViewRay's multiple simultaneous beams. Additionally, the ArcCHECK's current correction factors were determined without magnetic field effects taken into account. In the course of performing ViewRayIMRTquality assurance with the ArcCHECK, measurements were observed to be consistently higher than the ViewRayTPSpredictions. The goals of this study were to quantify the observed discrepancies and test whether applying the current factors improves the ArcCHECK's accuracy for measurements on the ViewRay. Gamma and frequency analysis were performed on 19 ViewRay patient plans. Ion chamber measurements were performed at a subset of diode locations using aPMMAphantom with the same dimensions as the ArcCHECK. A new method for applying directionally dependent factors utilizing beam information from the ViewRayTPSwas developed in order to analyze the current ArcCHECKcorrection factors. To test the current factors, nine ViewRay plans were altered to be delivered with only a single simultaneous beam and were measured with the ArcCHECK. The current correction factors were applied using both the new and current methods. The new method was also used to apply corrections to the original 19 ViewRay plans. It was found the ArcCHECKsystematically reports doses higher than those actually delivered by the ViewRay. Application of the current correction factors by either method did not consistently improve measurement accuracy. As dose deposition and diode response have both been shown to change under the influence of a magnetic field, it can be concluded the current ArcCHECKcorrection factors are invalid and/or inadequate to correct measurements on the ViewRay system.
Crowd‐Driven Pattern Formation: Computational Strategies for Large‐Scale Design and Assembly
Authors: Coelho Marcelo , Grossman Tovi
Published: July 2017

Digital fabrication has its limits where large‐scale operations are concerned. Computers may offer enormous advantages in terms of speed and precision, but they cannot match humans' capacity for complex contextual decision‐making. Massachusetts‐based designer Marcelo Coelho, and research scientist Tovi Grossman of Autodesk Research in Toronto, present three major recent installations that explore how to make the most of both.
Distributed Structures: Digital Tools for Collective Design
Authors: Mueller Caitlin
Published: July 2017

How can structural, functional and fabrication aspirations be most effectively integrated into digital design, without losing its conceptual inventiveness? Over the last few years, the Digital Structures research group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has been investigating just that. Group leader Caitlin Mueller here offers an account of its projects. While computationally optimising the design process, they rely on human collaboration in order to evolve the best option from a range of possibilities.
Autonomous Assembly as the Fourth Approach to Generic Construction
Authors: Lu Andong
Published: July 2017

The three major approaches to generic construction tested since the advent of prefabrication – element assemblage, layer stratification and module composition – all maintain a separation between manufacturing and assembly. Autonomous assembly, in contrast, coalesces these into a single method of collective production. But – as Andong Lu, Professor at the School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, argues – for such innovative approaches to inspire the future of architecture, it is crucial to connect technology, design and people, based on a comprehensive understanding of construction.
ROS‐Responsive Polyprodrug Nanoparticles for Triggered Drug Delivery and Effective Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xu Xiaoding , Saw Phei Er , Tao Wei , Li Yujing , Ji Xiaoyuan , Bhasin Sushant , Liu Yanlan , Ayyash Dana , Rasmussen Jonathan , Huo Marc , Shi Jinjun , Farokhzad Omid C.
Published: July 2017

The application of nanoparticles (NPs) to drug delivery has led to the development of novel nanotherapeutics for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. However, clinical use of NP‐mediated drug delivery has not always translated into improved survival of cancer patients, in part due to the suboptimal properties of NP platforms, such as premature drug leakage during preparation, storage, or blood circulation, lack of active targeting to tumor tissue and cells, and poor tissue penetration. Herein, an innovative reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive polyprodrug is reported that can self‐assemble into stable NPs with high drug loading. This new NP platform is composed of the following key components: (i) polyprodrug inner core that can respond to ROS for triggered release of intact therapeutic molecules, (ii) polyethylene glycol (PEG) outer shell to prolong blood circulation; and (iii) surface‐encoded internalizing RGD (iRGD) to enhance tumor targeting and tissue penetration. These targeted ROS‐responsive polyprodrug NPs show significant inhibition of tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo.
Cost‐Effective Alkaline Water Electrolysis Based on Nitrogen‐ and Phosphorus‐Doped Self‐Supportive Electrocatalysts
Authors: Balogun Muhammad‐Sadeeq , Qiu Weitao , Huang Yongchao , Yang Hao , Xu Ruimei , Zhao Wenxia , Li Gao‐Ren , Ji Hongbing , Tong Yexiang
Published: July 2017

Water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen in order to store light or electric energy requires efficient electrocatalysts for practical application. Cost‐effectiveness, abundance, and efficiency are the major challenges of the electrocatalysts. Herein, this paper reports the use of low‐cost 304‐type stainless steel mesh as suitable electrocatalysts for splitting of water. The commercial and self‐support stainless steel mesh is subjected to exfoliation and heteroatom doping processes. The modified stainless steel electrocatalyst displays higher oxygen evolution reaction property than the commercial IrO2, and comparable hydrogen evolution reaction property with that of Pt. More importantly, an all‐stainless‐steel‐based alkaline electrolyzer (denoted as NESSP//NESS) is designed for the first time, which possesses outstanding stability along with lower overall voltage than the conventional Pt//IrO2 electrolyzer at increasing current densities. The remarkable electrocatalytic properties of the stainless steel electrode can be attributed to the unique exfoliated‐surface morphology, heteroatom doping, and synergistic effect from the uniform distribution of the interconnected elemental compositions. This work creates prospects to the utilization of low‐cost, highly active, and ultradurable electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy conversion.
Organic High Electron Mobility Transistors Realized by 2D Electron Gas
Authors: Zhang Panlong , Wang Haibo , Yan Donghang
Published: July 2017

A key breakthrough in inorganic modern electronics is the energy‐band engineering that plays important role to improve device performance or develop novel functional devices. A typical application is high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), which utilizes 2D electron gas (2DEG) as transport channel and exhibits very high electron mobility over traditional field‐effect transistors (FETs). Recently, organic electronics have made very rapid progress and the band transport model is demonstrated to be more suitable for explaining carrier behavior in high‐mobility crystalline organic materials. Therefore, there emerges a chance for applying energy‐band engineering in organic semiconductors to tailor their optoelectronic properties. Here, the idea of energy‐band engineering is introduced and a novel device configuration is constructed, i.e., using quantum well structures as active layers in organic FETs, to realize organic 2DEG. Under the control of gate voltage, electron carriers are accumulated and confined at quantized energy levels, and show efficient 2D transport. The electron mobility is up to 10 cm2 V−1 s−1, and the operation mechanisms of organic HEMTs are also argued. Our results demonstrate the validity of tailoring optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors by energy‐band engineering, offering a promising way for the step forward of organic electronics.
Efficient Approach to Amide Bond Formation with Nitriles and Peroxides: One‐Pot Access to Boronated β‐Ketoamides
Authors: Gore Babasaheb Sopan , Senadi Gopal Chandru , Garkhedkar Amol Milind , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: July 2017

An efficient, mild and practical approach for the synthesis of amides from nitriles and peroxides is reported in the presence of boron trifluoride ethereate. In this protocol, we utilized peroxides as C1 synthons for the amidation reaction. Also, we successfully prepared boron‐containing β‐ketoamides in a one‐pot assembly from β‐ketonitriles. A variety of functional groups were tolerated in moderate to good yields. Radical inhibition studies showed that the reaction proceeded via a non‐radical pathway.

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Formation of Single‐Holed Cobalt/N‐Doped Carbon Hollow Particles with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Guan Bu Yuan , Yu Le , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: July 2017

Design and construction of metal‐organic framework (MOF) composite precursors have recently been considered as a promising strategy for the preparation of different structured metal/carbon‐based functional materials. Here, an MOF composite‐assisted strategy to synthesize single‐holed cobalt/N‐doped carbon hollow particles is reported. The yolk–shell polystyrene@zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (PS@ZIF‐67) composite precursors are first synthesized, followed by a controlled pyrolysis to obtain cobalt/N‐doped carbon hollow particles with a large single hole on each shell. Moreover, the MOF‐coating approach reported in this work can be extended to prepare various core‐shell ZIF‐67 composites with different structures and compositions. Benefiting from the structural and compositional advantages, the as‐derived single‐holed cobalt/N‐doped carbon hollow particles manifest superior electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance with high activity and excellent durability.
eHealth provides a novel opportunity to exploit the advantages of the Nordic countries in psychiatric genetic research, building on the public health care system, biobanks, and registries
Authors: Andreassen Ole A.
Published: July 2017

Nordic countries have played an important role in the recent progress in psychiatric genetics, both with large well–characterized samples and expertise. The Nordic countries have research advantages due to the organization of their societies, including system of personal identifiers, national health registries with information about diseases, treatment and prescriptions, and a public health system with geographical catchment areas. For psychiatric genetic research, the large biobanks and population surveys are a unique added value. Further, the population is motivated to participate in research, and there is a trust in the institutions of the society. These factors have been important for Nordic contributions to biomedical research, and particularly psychiatric genetics. In the era of eHealth, the situation seems even more advantageous for Nordic countries. The system with public health care makes it easy to implement national measures, and most of the Nordic health care sector is already based on electronic information. The potential advantages regarding informed consent, large scale recruitment and follow‐up, and longitudinal cohort studies are tremendous. New precision medicine approaches can be tested within the health care system, with an integrated approach, using large hospitals or regions of the country as a test beds. However, data protection and legal framework have to be clarified. In order to succeed, it is important to keep the people's trust, and maintain the high ethical standards and systems for secure data management. Then the full potential of the Nordic countries can be leveraged in the new era of precision medicine including psychiatric genetics.
Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in genes related to the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis as risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Carvalho Carolina M. , Coimbra Bruno M. , Ota Vanessa K. , Mello Marcelo F. , Belangero Sintia I.
Published: July 2017

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric disorder. The etiology of PTSD is multifactorial, depending on many environmental and genetic risk factors, and the exposure to life or physical integrity‐threatening events. Several studies have shown significant correlations of many neurobiological findings with PTSD. Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction is strongly correlated with this disorder. One hypothesis is that HPA axis dysfunction may precede the traumatic event, suggesting that genes expressed in the HPA axis may be involved in the development of PTSD. This article reviews molecular genetic studies related to PTSD collected through a literature search performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The results of these studies suggest that several polymorphisms in the HPA axis genes, including FKBP5, NR3C1, CRHR1, and CRHR2, may be risk factors for PTSD development or may be associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms.
Genetically contextual effects of smoking on genome wide DNA methylation
Authors: Dogan Meeshanthini V. , Beach Steven R. H. , Philibert Robert A.
Published: July 2017

Smoking is the leading cause of death in the United States. It exerts its effects by increasing susceptibility to a variety of complex disorders among those who smoke, and if pregnant, to their unborn children. In prior efforts to understand the epigenetic mechanisms through which this increased vulnerability is conveyed, a number of investigators have conducted genome wide methylation analyses. Unfortunately, secondary to methodological limitations, these studies were unable to examine methylation in gene regions with significant amounts of genetic variation. Using genome wide genetic and epigenetic data from the Framingham Heart Study, we re‐examined the relationship of smoking status to genome wide methylation status. When only methylation status is considered, smoking was significantly associated with differential methylation in 310 genes that map to a variety of biological process and cellular differentiation pathways. However, when SNP effects on the magnitude of smoking associated methylation changes are also considered, cis and trans‐interaction effects were noted at a total of 266 and 4353 genes with no marked enrichment for any biological pathways. Furthermore, the SNP variation participating in the significant interaction effects is enriched for loci previously associated with complex medical illnesses. The enlarged scope of the methylome shown to be affected by smoking may better explicate the mediational pathways linking smoking with a myriad of smoking related complex syndromes. Additionally, these results strongly suggest that combined epigenetic and genetic data analyses may be critical for a more complete understanding of the relationship between environmental variables, such as smoking, and pathophysiological outcomes.
Physics of Quantum Light Emitters in Disordered Photonic Nanostructures
Authors: García P. D. , Lodahl P.
Published: July 2017

Nanophotonics focuses on the control of light and the interaction with matter by the aid of intricate nanostructures. Typically, a photonic nanostructure is carefully designed for a specific application and any imperfections may reduce its performance, i.e., a thorough investigation of the role of unavoidable fabrication imperfections is essential for any application. However, another approach to nanophotonic applications exists where fabrication disorder is used to induce functionalities by enhancing light‐matter interaction. Disorder leads to multiple scattering of light, which is the realm of statistical optics where light propagation requires a statistical description. We review here the recent progress on disordered photonic nanostructures and the potential implications for quantum photonics devices.
Slow and Stopped Light in Active Gain Composite Materials of Metal Nanoparticles: Ultralarge Group Index‐Bandwidth Product Predicted
Authors: Kim Kwang‐Hyon , Choe Song‐Hyok
Published: July 2017

Chip‐compatible slow light devices with large group index‐bandwidth products and low losses are of great interest in the community of modern photonics. In this work, active gain materials containing metal nanoparticles are proposed as the slow and stopped light materials. Gain‐assisted high field enhancement in metal nanoparticles and the resultant strong dispersion lead to such phenomena. From the Maxwell‐Garnett model, it is revealed that the metal nanocomposite exhibits the infinitely large group index when the gain of the host medium and the filling factor of metal nanoparticles satisfy a critical condition. For the gain of the host above the critical value, one can observe slowing down effect with amplification of light pulses. Significantly large group index‐bandwidth products, which vary from a few to several thousand or even infinity depending on the gain value of the host medium, have been numerically predicted in active silica glasses containing spheroidal metal nanoparticles, as examples. The proposed scheme inherently provides the widely varying operating spectral range by changing the aspect ratio of metal nanoparticles and chip‐compatibility with low cost.
Validierung von molekularen Simulationen: eine Übersicht verschiedener Aspekte
Authors: van Gunsteren Wilfred F. , Daura Xavier , Hansen Niels , Mark Alan E. , Oostenbrink Chris , Riniker Sereina , Smith Lorna J.
Published: July 2017

Computersimulationen molekularer Systeme ermöglichen die Beschreibung von Struktur‐Energie‐Funktions‐Beziehungen molekularer Prozesse auf subatomarer, atomarer, supraatomarer oder supramolekularer Ebene. Um die Ergebnisse von solchen Simulationen sachgerecht zu interpretieren, muss zunächst die Qualität der berechneten Eigenschaften evaluiert werden. Diese ist abhängig von der Art und Weise, wie die Simulationen durchgeführt wurden und wie diese validiert wurden durch Vergleich mit Werten Qexp experimentell messbarer Grössen Q. Die folgenden Punkte müssen berücksichtigt werden: 1) die Genauigkeit von Qexp, 2) die Genauigkeit der Funktion Q(rN), die genutzt wird, um Q als Funktion der Konfiguration rN von N Partikeln zu berechnen, 3) die Empfindlichkeit der Funktion Q(rN) hinsichtlich der Konfiguration rN, 4) die relativen Zeitskalen der Simulation und des Experiments, 5) der Grad der Äquivalenz von berechneten und experimentellen Eigenschaften und 6) der Grad, bis zu dem das simulierte System den experimentellen Gegebenheiten entspricht. Experimentelle Daten sind in ihrem Geltungsbereich eingeschränkt und entsprechen im Allgemeinen zeitlichen sowie räumlichen Mittelwerten. Eine kritische Analyse verschiedener Faktoren, die den scheinbaren Grad der (Nicht‐)Übereinstimmung zwischen Simulationen und Experiment beeinflussen, werden in diesem Aufsatz präsentiert und anhand von Beispielen aus der Literatur illustriert. Maßnahmen, um die Validierung molekularer Simulationen zu verbessern, werden ebenfalls besprochen.
Extension of High‐Resolution Optical Absorption Spectroscopy to Divalent Neodymium: Absorption Spectra of Nd2+ Ions in a SrCl2 Host
Authors: Karbowiak Mirosław , Rudowicz Czesław , Cichos Jakub
Published: July 2017

There is a lack of information on electronic spectra of divalent neodymium, and thus the synthesis and characterization of Nd2+ systems is now reported. Stabilization of neodymium is observed in a chloride host, which importantly has been accomplished with Nd ions introduced in a divalent state during synthesis, unlike by γ‐irradiation of Nd3+ system employed previously. This method yields good‐quality SrCl2:Nd2+ single crystals. For the first time the electronic absorption spectra of Nd2+ doped in SrCl2 have been recorded with high resolution at liquid helium temperature (4.2 K). Identification of the absorption bands occurring in the spectral range of 5000–40 000 cm−1 (2000–250 nm) has been achieved and their tentative assignment proposed. This uniquely detailed Nd2+ absorption spectrum provides basis for fingerprinting method enabling identification of the presence of Nd2+ ions in future spectra as well as in existing but as‐yet not fully resolved spectra.
Comment on “A Liposomal System Capable of Generating CO2 Bubbles to Induce Transient Cavitation, Lysosomal Rupturing and Cell Necrosis”
Authors: Tiefenboeck Peter , Kim Jong Ah , Trunk Ferdinand , Leroux Jean‐Christophe
Published: July 2017

In 2012 Sung et al. reported temperature‐sensitive liposomes encapsulating ammonium bicarbonate (ABC), supposedly releasing their payload above 42 °C owing to ABC decomposition, subsequent CO2 bubbles generation, and transient cavitation. In attempts to reproduce the system, insurmountable difficulties have been encountered. New results presented herein cast doubts on the thermoresponsiveness of these liposomes.
Effects of annealing temperature and time on decrepitation of lump coals and characteristics of resultant coal chars
Authors: Zhang Shengfu , Qiu Shuxing , Peng Haijun , Sun Chenggong , Wen Liangying , Xu Jian , Bai Chenguang
Published: July 2017

The decrepitation of two Chinese lump coals was investigated using high‐temperature fast pyrolysis in a purpose‐designed furnace to simulate the reaction conditions in the coal‐based Corex ironmaking process, and evolution of functional group, porosity, crystallite structure as well as CO2 reactivity of resultant coal chars was characterized. The results demonstrate that the decrepitation index varied significantly for different coal samples and their particle sizes, because of the variable thermal stress induced. The decrepitation index increased with increasing temperature and particle size, and severe decrepitation was observed when coal particles were increased to 20 mm. The coal chars derived from Xinglongzhuang lump coal at different temperatures had much more developed macroporous structure than Datong lump coal chars. A significant change of the crystallite height demonstrated a great influence of temperature on carbon structure. The CO2 reactivity of coal chars decreased with increasing annealing time at different temperatures examined, but the effect of carbonization temperatures on their reactivity has the opposite behavior, which is related to the porosity development and carbon structure variation. The interrelations of these phenomena further suggest that the appropriate dome temperature is crucial for ensuring permeability of coal char bed in Corex except for coal type. Copyright © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zeolite A‐polypropylene and silver‐zeolite A‐polypropylene composite films for antibacterial and breathable applications
Authors: Jiraroj Duangkamon , Tungasmita Sukkanaste , Tungasmita Duangamol Nuntasri
Published: July 2017

Polypropylene (PP) composite films were successfully prepared using melt blending by directly mixing PP pellets with zeolite A or silver‐zeolite A powder and then blowing. All the prepared films were characterized in terms of their physical, mechanical, optical, and gas permeability properties. The structure of each composite film was similar to that of the pure PP film. The crystallinity and glossy quality of the composite films were increased by the addition of silver, zeolite, and maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP‐g‐MA). The composite PP film with zeolite A and PP‐g‐MA exhibited a level of oxygen and carbon dioxide permeation (6438 and 15,087 cc m−2 day−1 atm−1, respectively). Finally, all the films were evaluated for their antibacterial activity and fruit packaging applications. Silver‐zeolite A‐PP composite films exhibited a bactericidal activity of 79% against Staphylococcus aureus and 52% against Escherichia coli, while the zeolite A‐PP film could extend the shelf‐life of bananas for over a week. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45450.
Distribution, habitat associations and conservation implications of Sri Lankan freshwater terrapins outside the protected area network
Authors: Karunarathna Suranjan , Amarasinghe A. A. Thasun , Henkanaththegedara Sujan , Surasinghe Thilina , Madawala Majintha , Gabadage Dinesh , Botejue Madhava
Published: July 2017

Terrapins are integral to many freshwater ecosystems, yet are imperilled at a global scale. In Sri Lanka, terrapins are understudied; thus, much of their natural history and distribution status remain unknown. Such paucity of studies impedes conservation.

In this study, 79 freshwater habitats located outside the protected area network of south‐western Sri Lanka were surveyed to document current population densities and habitat use of two terrapin species: Indian black terrapin (Melanochelys trijuga thermalis) and flap‐shelled terrapin (Lissemys ceylonensis). Local inhabitants were interviewed to assess human threats towards terrapins.

Both species were recorded in low densities: 1–2 individuals ha−1. Indian black terrapin was found in half of the surveyed sites while flap‐shelled terrapin occurred in one‐third of the surveyed sites. Highly urbanized river basins had the lowest densities for both species while rural basins supported higher numbers. Basking was the predominant behaviour of both species and large woody debris and boulders were preferred as basking substrates, together with sparse‐canopy aquatic habitats with intact marshlands.

Overharvesting for meat was a major threat for terrapins. Most local inhabitants were unaware of legislation on terrapin conservation and the ecological importance of terrapins. Human threats such as pollution, modification of aquatic and wetland habitats, and loss of riparian forests were frequently observed in surveyed sites. Terrapin populations outside the protected area are at risk as evidenced by lower population densities and a multitude of human threats.

A landscape‐scale ecosystem‐based conservation approach is recommended for Sri Lanka's terrapins with incorporation of lands with different management regimes (privately owned, municipality managed) into the protected area network. Current environmental legislation should be revised to support buffer zone delineation for aquatic habitats, wetland restoration, and landscape‐scale connectivity.
Morphometric Variations in the Skin Layers of Frogs: An Exploration Into Their Relation With Ecological Parameters in Leptodactylus (Anura, Leptodactylidae), With an Emphasis on the Eberth‐Kastschenko Layer
Authors: Ponssa María Laura , Barrionuevo J. Sebastián , Pucci Alcaide Franco , Pucci Alcaide Ana
Published: July 2017

Leptodactylus is a genus of frogs known to live in diverse habitats and to show both aquatic and terrestrial breeding habits. We studied 21 species of Leptodactylus to explore whether skin structure specialization relates to habitats and habit variation. Morphometric analyses of the skin thickness revealed that phylogeny has a strong influence on variations in the thickness of the epidermis, stratum spongiosum, Eberth‐Kastschenko layer, and stratum compactum, while habitat and habits display no significant correlation. The optimization of the phylogenetic hypothesis suggested that a pattern of intermediate values for skin layer thickness are plesiomorphic for this group. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1895–1909, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are autistic traits associated with suicidality? A test of the interpersonal‐psychological theory of suicide in a non‐clinical young adult sample
Authors: Pelton M. K. , Cassidy S. A.
Published: July 2017

Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) has recently been associated with increased risk of suicidality. However, no studies have explored how autistic traits may interact with current models of suicidal behavior in a non‐clinical population. The current study therefore explored how self‐reported autistic traits interact with perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in predicting suicidal behavior, in the context of the Interpersonal‐Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS). 163 young adults (aged 18–30 years) completed an online survey including measures of thwarted belonging and perceived burdensomeness (Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire), self‐reported autistic traits (Autism Spectrum Quotient), current depression (Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), and lifetime suicidality (Suicide Behavior Questionnaire‐Revised). Results showed that burdensomeness and thwarted belonging significantly mediated the relationship between autistic traits and suicidal behavior. Both depression and autistic traits significantly predicted thwarted belonging and perceived burdensomeness. Autistic traits did not significantly moderate the relationship between suicidal behavior and thwarted belonging or perceived burdensomeness. Results suggest that the IPTS provides a useful framework for understanding the influence of autistic traits on suicidal behavior. However, the psychometric properties of these measures need be explored in those with clinically confirmed diagnosis of ASC. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1891–1904. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Recent research has shown that people with high autistic traits are more likely to attempt suicide. However, no studies have explored why. We found that people with high autistic traits were more likely to experience feelings that they do not belong in the world, are a burden on others, and depression, which may increase their likelihood of attempting suicide. These results suggest that promoting inclusion and independence in those with high autistic traits could help prevent people attempting suicide.
Language and motor skills in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Garrido Dunia , Petrova Dafina , Watson Linda R. , Garcia‐Retamero Rocio , Carballo Gloria
Published: July 2017

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show significant linguistic and motor impairments compared to children with typical development (TD). Findings from studies of siblings of children with ASD show similarities to conclusions from studies of children with ASD. The current meta‐analysis reviewed studies reporting linguistic and/or motor skills in siblings of children with ASD compared to siblings of children with TD. Thirty‐four studies published between 1994 and 2016 met all inclusion criteria. We compared three different age groups (12 months or younger, 13 to 24 months, and 25 to 36 months). At 12 months, compared to siblings of children with TD, siblings of children with ASD had worse receptive language (d = −.43, 95% CI [−.53, −.33]) and expressive language skills (d = −.40, 95% CI [−.57, −.23]), and these effects were sustained at 24 and 36 months. Similar, albeit smaller differences in fine motor skills were detected at 12 months (d = −.22, 95% CI [−.39, −.04]), and these differences were larger at 36 months (d = −.36, 95% CI [−.54, −.17]). There were differences in gross motor skills at 12 months (d = −.22, 95% CI [−.40, −.04]), but only a few studies were available at later ages. Compared to siblings of children with TD, infants who have siblings with ASD have worse linguistic and motor skills. These differences are detectable as early as when infants are 12 months old and seem to be sustained until they are 3 years old. Differences in language skills are larger than those in motor skills, especially during the first year.Autism Res2017, 10: 1737–1750. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

We reviewed studies reporting linguistic and/or motor skills in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to those in siblings of children with typical development. The results showed that as a group, those infants who have siblings with ASD have less advanced linguistic and motor skills. These differences are detectable when infants are 12 months old and seem to be sustained until they are 3 years old. Differences in language skills are larger than those in motor skills.
The relationship of metabolic burden to productivity levels in CHO cell lines
Authors: Zou Wu , Edros Raihana , Al‐Rubeai Mohamed
Published: July 2017

The growing demand for recombinant therapeutics has driven biotechnologists to develop new production strategies. One such strategy for increasing the expression of heterologous proteins has focused on enhancing cell‐specific productivity through environmental perturbations. In this work, the effects of hypothermia, hyperosmolarity, high shear stress, and sodium butyrate treatment on growth and productivity were studied using three (low, medium, and high producing) CHO cell lines that differed in their specific productivities of monoclonal antibody. In all three cell lines, the inhibitory effect of these parameters on proliferation was demonstrated. Additionally, compared to the control, specific productivity was enhanced under all conditions and exhibited a consistent cell line specific pattern, with maximum increases (50–290%) in the low producer, and minimum increases (7–20%) in the high producer. Thus, the high‐producing cell line was less responsive to environmental perturbations than the low‐producing cell line. We hypothesize that this difference is most likely due to the bottleneck associated with a higher metabolic burden caused by higher antibody expression. Increased recombinant mRNA levels and pyruvate carboxylase activities due to low temperature and hyperosmotic stress were found to be positively associated with the metabolic burden.
Untersuchungen von ebenen und gering vorgespannten Membranen unter Wind
Authors: Wagner Rosemarie , Heinlein Kai
Published: July 2017

Zelthallen werden vorwiegend für temporäre Nutzungen verwendet und bestehen aus einer Unterkonstruktion, die mit Membranen aus beschichtetem Gewebe bespannt wird. Die Membranen dieser Hallen besitzen entgegen den klassischen Vorstellungen des textilen Bauens keine Krümmung, sondern sind eben. Zum Verhalten von ebenen und gering vorgespannten Membranen unter Windlasten fehlen bis heute Grundlagen, die über die Bestimmung der einachsigen Zugfestigkeit hinausgehen. Von diesen Grundlagen sind im Folgenden die Versuchsergebnisse zur Abhängigkeit der Dehnungen von der Belastungsgeschwindigkeit für ein PVC‐beschichtetes Polyestergewebe zusammengestellt. Über das werkstoffbezogene Dämpfungsverhalten der beschichteten Gewebe, welches in Zelthallen eingesetzt wird, ist wenig bekannt. In einem Versuch, welcher möglichst realistisch das Einwirken einer Windböe auf die Membranen abbildet, ist das Schwingungsverhalten untersucht und in den wesentlichen Erkenntnissen zusammengefasst worden.
A dual discrimination mode for improved specificity towards let‐7a detection via a single‐base mutated padlock probe‐based exponential rolling circle amplification
Authors: Li Ruixue , Wang Yinan , Wang Pei , Lu Jianzhong
Published: July 2017

MicroRNA (miRNA) family members are usually highly homologous sequences, and it is a challenging task to selectively detect one miRNA member from other family members in medical diagnosis. Here, we describe the design of a dual discrimination mode for improved specificity towards let‐7a detection over the other members of the let‐7 family, in which an intentional base mutation was introduced into the padlock probe of an exponential rolling circle amplification. The inherent discrimination power of the padlock probe and the introduced base mutation constituted a dual discrimination mode, which provided enhanced specificity for let‐7a, even over single‐base mismatched family sequences. Furthermore, the assay enabled the quantitative detection of let‐7a in a dynamic range from 200 amol to 100 fmol. This technique has also been successfully applied to real small RNA samples extracted from human lung cancers. For the first time, through intentionally mutating one base on the padlock probe of the exponential rolling circle amplification (RCA), we improved the discrimination capability for let‐7 family members, while maintaining adequate sensitivity. Overall, this dual discrimination mode and the high amplification strategy have the potential to be extended to other short, but highly homologous, miRNA sequences.
‘Turn‐on’ fluorescent chemosensors based on naphthaldehyde‐2‐pyridinehydrazone compounds for the detection of zinc ion in water at neutral pH
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Li Yuanyuan , Feng Qi , Li Na , Li Kai , Hou Hongwei , Zhang Bing
Published: July 2017

A series of naphthaldehyde‐2‐pyridinehydrazone derivatives were discovered to display interesting ‘turn‐on’ fluorescence response to Zn2+ in 99% water/DMSO (v/v) at pH 7.0. Mechanism study indicated that different substituent groups in the naphthaldehyde moiety exhibited significant influence on the detection of Zn2+. The electron rich group resulted in longer fluorescence wavelengths but smaller fluorescence enhancement for Zn2+. Among these compounds, 1 showed the highest fluorescence enhancement of 19‐fold with the lowest detection limit of 0.17 μmol/L toward Zn2+. The corresponding linear range was at least from 0.6 to 6.0 μmol/L. Significantly, 1 showed an excellent selectivity toward Zn2+ over other metal ions including Cd2+.
Life prediction for a vacuum fluorescent display based on two improved models using the three‐parameter Weibull right approximation method
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Zhang Xing , Zong Yu , Pan Yaofang , Wu Helen , Tang Jieshuo
Published: July 2017

To obtain precise life information for vacuum fluorescent displays (VFDs), luminance degradation data for VFDs were collected from a group of normal life tests. Instead of exponential function, the three‐parameter Weibull right approximation method (TPWRAM) was applied to describe the luminance degradation path of optoelectronic products, and two improved models were established. One of these models calculated the average life by fitting average luminance degradation data, and the other model obtained VFD life by combining the approximation method with luminance degradation test data from each individual sample. The results indicated that the test design under normal working stress was appropriate, and the selection of censored test data was simple. The two models improved by TPWRAM both revealed the luminance decaying law for VFD, and the pseudo failure time was accurately extrapolated. It was further confirmed by comparing relative error that using the second model gave a more accurate prediction of VFD life. The improved models in this study can provide technical references for researchers and manufacturers in aspects of life prediction methodology for its development.
N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Anchored on Diamond Nanoparticles as a Selective Heterogeneous Metal‐free Oxidation Catalyst of Benzylic Hydrocarbons and Cyclic Alkenes by Molecular O2
Authors: Blandez Juan F. , Navalón Sergio , Álvaro Mercedes , García Hermenegildo
Published: July 2017

N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) derived from trimellitic anhydride has been covalently anchored (4 wt %) through ester bonds to the surface of commercial diamond nanoparticles previously functionalized by chemical and thermal treatments (DH). IR spectroscopy of the NHPI/DH solid shows the presence of a characteristic peak at 1735 cm−1 attributable to the ester bond, while solid‐state MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy shows two broad bands corresponding to carbon atoms of carbonyl groups (167 ppm) and aromatic carbons (127 ppm). NHPI/DH promotes autoxidation of isobutylbenzene involving superoxide (O2.−) and hydroperoxide (HOO⋅) radicals; NHPI/DH can be reused at least three times and reach a minimum turnover number as high as 20 600, which is probably due to the inertness of the diamond surface, allowing free diffusion of reactive oxygen species. Analogous materials in which NHPI was anchored on activated carbon and multiwall carbon nanotubes were inefficient as autoxidation catalysts. NHPI/DH is able to promote also selective aerobic oxidation of other benzylic hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes.
Synthesis and Applications of Cyclohexenyl Halides Obtained by a Cationic Carbocyclisation Reaction
Authors: Alonso Pedro , Pardo Pilar , Fontaneda Raquel , Fañanás Francisco J. , Rodríguez Félix
Published: July 2017

The synthesis of cyclic alkenyl halides (mainly fluorides, chlorides and bromides) from alkynol or enyne derivatives by an acid‐mediated cationic cyclisation reaction is disclosed. This high‐yielding, scalable and technically simple method complements and challenges conventional methodologies. This study includes the development of biomimetic cationic cyclisation reactions of polyenyne derivatives to give interesting halogen‐containing polycyclic compounds. The application of this reaction in the key step of the synthesis of two terpenes, namely austrodoral and pallescensin A, and the potent odorant 9‐epi‐Ambrox demonstrates the potential of the reaction for natural product synthesis.
Experimentelle Untersuchung von Stinkbomben – ein Beispiel für offene Experimentalaufgaben im Praktikum zur allgemeinen und anorganischen Chemie für Lehramtsstudierende
Authors: Rautenstrauch Hanne , Busker Maike
Published: July 2017

Die quantitative und qualitative nasschemische Analyse gehört zu den klassischen Themenfeldern, die Chemiestudierende in den ersten Semestern in Laborpraktika zur allgemeinen und anorganischen Chemie bearbeiten. Meist werden in diesen Grundpraktika Analysen mit Hilfe von rezeptartigen Anleitungen durchgeführt. Gerade Lehramtsstudierende benötigen für ihre spätere berufliche Tätigkeit, in der sie Schülerinnen und Schüler im Erwerb von Erkennungsgewinnungskompetenzen unterstützen sollen, die Fähigkeit, Problemstellungen mit Hilfe experimenteller Untersuchungen erforschen zu können. In diesem Beitrag wird eine experimentelle Aufgabe zur Untersuchung von Stinkbomben für das Grundpraktikum zur allgemeinen und anorganischen Chemie vorgestellt. In dieser Aufgabe erhalten die Studierenden die Möglichkeit, Verfahren der nasschemischen Analyse auf eine motivierende Problemstellung anzuwenden und dadurch ihre Fähigkeiten im Bereich der nasschemischen Analyse sowie im Bereich der Erkenntnisgewinnung zu erweitern.
Cortical inter‐hemispheric circuits for multimodal vocal learning in songbirds
Authors: Paterson Amy K. , Bottjer Sarah W.
Published: July 2017

Vocal learning in songbirds and humans is strongly influenced by social interactions based on sensory inputs from several modalities. Songbird vocal learning is mediated by cortico‐basal ganglia circuits that include the SHELL region of lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium (LMAN), but little is known concerning neural pathways that could integrate multimodal sensory information with SHELL circuitry. In addition, cortical pathways that mediate the precise coordination between hemispheres required for song production have been little studied. In order to identify candidate mechanisms for multimodal sensory integration and bilateral coordination for vocal learning in zebra finches, we investigated the anatomical organization of two regions that receive input from SHELL: the dorsal caudolateral nidopallium (dNCLSHELL) and a region within the ventral arcopallium (Av). Anterograde and retrograde tracing experiments revealed a topographically organized inter‐hemispheric circuit: SHELL and dNCLSHELL, as well as adjacent nidopallial areas, send axonal projections to ipsilateral Av; Av in turn projects to contralateral SHELL, dNCLSHELL, and regions of nidopallium adjacent to each. Av on each side also projects directly to contralateral Av. dNCLSHELL and Av each integrate inputs from ipsilateral SHELL with inputs from sensory regions in surrounding nidopallium, suggesting that they function to integrate multimodal sensory information with song‐related responses within LMAN‐SHELL during vocal learning. Av projections share this integrated information from the ipsilateral hemisphere with contralateral sensory and song‐learning regions. Our results suggest that the inter‐hemispheric pathway through Av may function to integrate multimodal sensory feedback with vocal‐learning circuitry and coordinate bilateral vocal behavior.
Research in the calculation of the debris flow prevention and Geographic Information System control engineering
Authors: Wang Zhou‐Feng , Yang Yang , Wang Yu‐Jun , Zhang Ting‐Shan , Wang Cheng‐Wu
Published: July 2017

Currently, it is very hard and low effective to collect watershed characteristic data when calculating debris flow to prevent and control it. This article identifies that the optimum resolution in the study area is 10 m in digital elevation model. And on the base of this, using the MATLAB digital software has implemented the relatively new “three‐direction algorithm” to fill the bottom land and has extinguished the phenomenon of river “parallel” in the traditional calculation. It is good at keeping the original terrain information and successfully builds up the hydrologically correct digital elevation model. Extracting the water network and related watershed parameters, after organic combination treatment, and combining with the feature of debris flow in the study area, a point of prevention and control project is set up at the upstream of Subao River. Using Geographic Information System technology, we have achieved to extracting the data of the debris flow valley area F, main gully length L, and the main gully bed average longitudinal shrinking slope J, automatically, rapidly, and accurately. In the MATLAB platform, we design an automatic algorithm to calculate the flood peak flow and debris flow peak flow in rainstorm. Combining with the practical situation of the study area, it can finally calculate the debris flow.
Probing the Menasemiquinone Binding Mode to Nitrate Reductase A by Selective 2H and 15N Labeling, HYSCORE Spectroscopy, and DFT Modeling
Authors: Seif Eddine Maryam , Biaso Frédéric , Arias‐Cartin Rodrigo , Pilet Eric , Rendon Julia , Lyubenova Sevdalina , Seduk Farida , Guigliarelli Bruno , Magalon Axel , Grimaldi Stéphane
Published: July 2017

In vivo specific isotope labeling at the residue or substituent level is used to probe menasemiquinone (MSK) binding to the quinol oxidation site of respiratory nitrate reductase A (NarGHI) from E. coli. 15N selective labeling of His15Nδ or Lys15Nζ in combination with hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy unambiguously identified His15Nδ as the direct hydrogen‐bond donor to the radical. In contrast, an essentially anisotropic coupling to Lys15Nζ consistent with a through‐space magnetic interaction was resolved. This suggests that MSK does not form a hydrogen bond with the side chain of the nearby Lys86 residue. In addition, selective 2H labeling of the menaquinone methyl ring substituent allows unambiguous characterization of the 2H—and hence of the 1H—methyl isotropic hyperfine coupling by 2H HYSCORE. DFT calculations show that a simple molecular model consisting of an imidazole Nδ atom in a hydrogen‐bond interaction with a MSK radical anion satisfactorily accounts for the available spectroscopic data. These results support our previously proposed one‐sided binding model for MSK to NarGHI through a single short hydrogen bond to the Nδ of His66, one of the distal heme axial ligands. This work establishes the basis for future investigations aimed at determining the functional relevance of this peculiar binding mode.