bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY OF DIESEL ENGINE FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Authors:   Vladimir state University, BAZHENOV YU.V. , BAZHENOV M.YU. ,   Vladimir state University, KALENOV V.P. ,   Dealership «PEUGEOT»
Published: October 2021

The results of the investigation of operational reliability of the fuel supply system of diesel engines F1A FIAT DUCATO cars, the main reasons for the system's loss of operability, the numeri-cal characteristics of its failure-free performance are given. On the basis of processing the array of experimental data on faults and failures in the system, the regularities of change of failure intensi-ty and probabilities of failure-free operation of its main parts depending on vehicle mileage are determined. Methods and algorithm of troubleshooting and timely elimination of damages occur-ring in the fuel supply system are proposed and tested at the FIAT PROFESSIONAL dealership in Vladimir. The introduction of the results of the performed investigations into the production pro-cesses of car service enterprises allows to significantly reduce the costs of maintaining the opera-ble state of the diesel engine fuel supply system in operation.
Challenges to Generating Reliable COVID Statistics: Domestic and International Experience
Authors: Chetverikov V. M. , Pugacheva O. V. , Vorontsova T. D.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses specifc issues of the reliability of statistics on the spread of the coronavirus pandemic and the comparability of similar statistics across diﬀerent countries. All countries faced challenges, regardless of the level of well-being and social system. However, the examples outlined in the article refer mainly to large economies, each of which for at least one year from 1980 to 2019 produced more than 1% of the global GDP. The organization of the health care system in these countries is diﬀerent, and only the general requirements of WHO could provide information on the spread of the pandemic in comparable formats.

The authors formulated the problems of identifying those infected with Covid-19 and mortality statistics, indicating the various impact of the pandemic on deaths. It has been shown that the formal application of the WHO recommendations to the identifcation of infected persons and diﬀerences in the practical use of these recommendations in diﬀerent countries can give poorly comparable results. The example of Russian statistics illustrates that it is possible to compare the operational data on the mortality of those infected with the coronavirus with the data on the total mortality in the country. Attention is drawn to the example of statistics from Germany, demonstrating the possibility of practical overlapping of the excess mortality rate and the operational data on the mortality of those infected with Covid-19.

Data on daily increments of infected, dead, and recovered per million people allows one to see the nature and prevalence rate of the pandemic in diﬀerent countries in a comparable format. The largest single-day increase in coronavirus cases in some countries in 2020–2021 reached 2–3 thousand per 1 million population, while in others – it was less than 30. In most countries under review, daily deaths' peaks amounted to less than 40 cases, but there were other countries for which these peaks did not exceed 10 cases or less per 1 million population.

In conclusion, the report identifes six all-cause mortality factors associated with the pandemic and social distancing demands formulated by the American Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. According to the authors, it would be interesting to learn the experts' assessment of how realistic and benefcial it is to know how to keep track of these factors. It would improve the quality of international comparative analysis of socio-demographic indicators.
DYNAMIC CALCULATION OF THE PLANE ELASTIC "DAM-FOUNDATION" SYSTEM
Authors: Salyamova K.
Published: October 2021

design, construction, and reliable and safe operation of earth dams (more than 60 of them are in operation in the Republic of Uzbekistan located in seismic region) put forward requirements for the continuous improvement of the calculation methods for loads; as required by regulatory methods for fundamental (static) and special (dynamic) load combinations. These regulatory methods do not take into account the nonhomogeneous nature of the behavior and piecewise heterogeneity of the characteristics of foundation, and the stress-strain state (SSS) of an earth dam under constant or temporary loads, which is necessary for reliable and safe operation, especially in seismic regions. A general mathematical formulation of problems for earth dams in a plane elastic formulation is given. Dynamic calculations were conducted to determine the stress-strain state of an earth dam, taking into account the design features and real piecewise-nonhomogeneous physical and mechanical characteristics of soil of the structure body and base (these characteristics were provided by the design organization). The problem was solved by the numerical finite element method. The eigenfrequencies and modes of vibrations of the plane "structure-foundation" system are determined, considering the homogeneous and piecewise-nonhomogeneous characteristics of the foundation soil; the corresponding analysis of the behavior of the system was made. The stress-strain state of the “dam-foundation” system was investigated using calculated frequencies. The calculation results were lines of equal displacements (horizontal, vertical), normal and shear stresses in the “dam-foundation” system.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING WELDED STRUCTURES
Authors: El'cov R.
Published: October 2021

the main goal of this article is to obtain welded permanent joints of modern thermally hardened aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloys made by laser welding, having mechanical characteristics (temporary tensile resistance, yield strength, elongation at break) and structural-phase composition close to or equal to the base alloy. It is shown for the first time that by controlling the parameters of heat treatment of samples with a welded joint of all studied aluminum-lithium alloys, it is possible to purposefully influence the formation of the specified mechanical properties of the weld by changing the structural and phase composition of the weld. The evolution of the struc-tural and phase composition of welded joints of thermally hardened aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloys has been investigated using modern independent diagnostic methods: for the first time, the use of synchrotron radia-tion diffractometry in combination with high-resolution transmission, scanning electron and optical microscopy. The dependences of the increment of deformation under cyclic loading with amplitudes exceeding the elastic limit on temperature are established. For untreated welded joints, it was found that at +85 C, the inhomogeneity of the deformation increment increases, and its speed increases by 8 times for alloy 1461, 5 times for alloy 1420 and 1.5 times for alloy 1441. At a temperature of -60 0C, alloys 1420 and 1461 have hardening stages, during which the value of deformation decreases at given boundary stress values. At +20 0C, there is a uniform increment of defor-mation and an increase in the amplitude of deformation with an increase in the amplitude of stress. At +85 0C, the strain amplitude does not change with increasing stress amplitude, its value is 0.55-0.5 of the strain amplitude at +20 0C. Based on the research results, technological techniques have been developed that allow obtaining me-chanical characteristics and structural-phase compositions of welded joints close to the main alloy during laser welding of aviation thermally hardened aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloys of the Al-Mg-Cu. Al-Mg-Li, Al-Cu-Mg-Li, Al-Cu-Li systems.
Wearable Sweat Biosensors Refresh Personalized Health/Medical Diagnostics
Authors: Ji Wenhui , Zhu Jingyu , Wu Wanxia , Wang Nanxiang , Wang Jiqing , Wu Jiansheng , Wu Qiong , Wang Xuewen , Yu Changmin , Wei Gaofeng , Li Lin , Huo Fengwei
Published: October 2021

Sweat contains a broad range of critical biomarkers including ions, small molecules, and macromolecules that may indirectly or directly reflect the health status of the human body and thereby help track disease progression. Wearable sweat biosensors enable the collection and analysis of sweat
in situ
, achieving real-time, continuous, and noninvasive monitoring of human biochemical parameters at the molecular level. This review summarizes the physiological/pathological information of sweat and wearable sweat biosensors. First, the production of sweat pertaining to various electrolytes, metabolites, and proteins is described. Then, the compositions of the wearable sweat biosensors are summarized, and the design of each subsystem is introduced in detail. The latest applications of wearable sweat biosensors for outdoor, hospital, and family monitoring are highlighted. Finally, the review provides a summary and an outlook on the future developments and challenges of wearable sweat biosensors with the aim of advancing the field of wearable sweat monitoring technology.
A Bioinspired Soft Robot Combining the Growth Adaptability of Vine Plants with a Coordinated Control System
Authors: Li Pengchun , Zhang Yongchang , Zhang Guangyu , Zhou Dekai , Li Longqiu
Published: October 2021

Tip-extending soft robots, taking flexible film or rubber as body material and fluid pressure as input power, exhibit excellent advantages in constrained and cluttered environments for detection and manipulation. However, existing soft continuum robots are of great challenges in achieving multiple, mutually independent, and on-demand active steering over a long distance without precise steering control. In this paper, we introduce a vine-like soft robot made up of a pressurized thin-walled vessel integrated with the high controllability of a control system with multiple degrees of freedom in three dimensions. Moreover, steering and kinematic models to relate the steering angle and robot length to the location of the robot tip are provided, and a dynamic finite element model for analyzing the motion of the spatial consecutive steering is established. We demonstrate the abilities of disinfection of the robot moving in a long and tortuous pipeline and detection in a multi-obstacle constrained environment. It is established that the robot exhibits great advantages in active consecutive steering over a long distance, high controllability in completing more complex path planning, and significant ability of carrying operational tools for ventilation pipeline disinfection and multi-obstacle detection. The bionic soft robot shows great promise for use in environment sensing, target detecting, and equipment servicing.
‘Love is a painful feeling’ - Experience of closeness in young women with personality disorder traits
Authors: Gawda Barbara , Czubak-Paluch Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of closeness among young women and its relationship with peronality disorder traits. Individuals displaying personality disorders can experience problems in their relationships and perceive love negatively. The study involved a group of 242 young women. Personality disorder traits were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Axis II Disorders. The experience of love was described through analysis of 242 narratives about love. The results show three main types of love experience in young women: positive, active–negative, and passive–negative. Positive love experience is connected with high dependent personality traits, ‘passive-negative’ experience of love is linked to high personality disorder traits. Lower positive love experience is associated with high state anxiety in young women. The findings portrayed socially determined attitude of femininity that is deeply rooted in mentality of young women.
Adult experience of stress and anxiety and coping in the first phase of the lockdown related to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kurtek Paweł
Published: October 2021

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine adults’ coping with risks and losses experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account: anxiety level, gender, age and place of residence.

Method: For this purpose, research was carried out on a total of 235 adults, divided into five groups based on Levinson's (1978) model of life development, recruited using the snowball technique via remote communication technology. Self-report data was collected using the Covid-19-RL (Risks and Losses) open interview, polish adaptation of Spielberger’s STAI Inventory (assessing anxiety as a state) by Sosnowski et al (2011) and Carver’s COPE inventory adapted by Juczyński and Ogińska (2009). Comparative analyses were performed using the ANOVA model in the SPSS Program.

Results: The results show the pandemic is a considerable deprivation factor and a threat to a broad spectrum of needs, and it generates a high level of anxiety in men and women in all adult age groups. Simultaneously, the perception of stressors depends on gender, age and place of residence. It was also found that age and place of residence differentiated people’s choice of the type of coping (confrontational, defensive and ignoring). The paper ends with the discussion of the results and limitations of the study.
Promotion of reproductive and metabolic health - current trends in the treatment and prevention of polycystic ovary syndrome in different periods of life
Authors: Smyczyńska Joanna
Published: October 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders and causes of infertility in women in reproductive age. Diagnostic criteria of PCOS in adult women include: ovulation disorders, hyperandrogenism and  polycystic ovaries. According to most recommendations, 2 out of these 3 criteria are confirm the diagnosis of PCOS. In girls during puberty and in the first years after menarche, different diagnostic criteria of menstrual disorders should be taken into account (variable length of menstrual cycles, monophasic cycles) and the limited usefulness of ultrasound examination for PCOS diagnosis within 8 years after menarche. Fairly extensive differential diagnosis is also necessary, especially – exclusion of adrenal hyperandrogenism. Moreover, the diagnostic criteria of PCOS do not take into account the metabolic disorders found in most patients (obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes), which should be diagnosed as early as possible and treated appropriately. This is especially true for teenagers, in whom the unequivocal diagnosis of PCOS or its exclusion may be very difficult. Current recommendations regard hormonal contraception as the first-line therapy in PCOS, in both adult women and adolescents. Together with its beneficial effect on the reduction of hyperandrogenism and obtaining regular bleeding (which in fact are not menstruations), the unfavorable metabolic effects of hormonal contraception are emphasized, as well as the inadequacy of its use if it is expected to achieve or restore ovulation and fertility. The latest reports indicate the legitimacy of treatment aimed at correcting disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and its greater effectiveness compared to the use of oral contraceptives in both adult women and girls with PCOS. In the pharmacotherapy of insulin resistance, metformin is of fundamental importance, the use of pioglitazone, GLP-1 receptor agonists or inositols is also proposed. Adequate lifestyle and dietary modification are of major importance in the treatment and prevention of PCOS. The mechanisms of "inheritance" of PCOS and insulin resistance with the participation of epigenetic modifications are still better understood, taking into account the effects of exposure to androgen excess in utero, intrauterine growth retardation, and maternal obesity and hyperalimentation. This creates new possibilities for PCOS prophylaxis.
The influence of stress during pregnancy on the central nervous system of mother and her child
Authors: Kupryjaniuk Anna , Sobstyl Michał
Published: October 2021

Pregnant women may experience high levels of stress, including those associated with finding oneself in a new reality. In addition, the new reality is the COVID-19 pandemic, which has contributed to the deterioration of the mental state of many people. Chronic stress can lead to neuroanatomical changes in the mother, but also in her baby. It leads to atrophy of neurons in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and to the growth and enlargement of the amygdala, i.e. those structures that are responsible for emotions. The mother's emotions also shape the synapses in the fetus, and the neurotransmitters secreted by the mother modify the development of the baby's brain. Research is ongoing in many countries on the consequences of anxiety and depression in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, it is important to take care of psychological well-being, for example by using the techniques of cognitive behavioral therapy. Support from relatives during pregnancy and childbirth is also an extremely important element in the proper development of the central nervous system of the mother and her child.
Normalising death in the time of a pandemic
Authors: Trabsky Marc
Published: October 2021

This paper examines a tension in the time of a pandemic between governmental representations of death as an anomaly and techniques for normalising death as an inevitable outcome of life. It contends that the technology of registering a death during the COVID-19 pandemic is conditioned upon differentiating between the normal and the pathological, standards and variations, and average and excess. Indeed, death registration depends on the creation of a new universal nomenclature for ascertaining death causation, which excludes various circumstances of a person’s life in order to stabilise SARS-CoV-2 as a normative category for classification. The paper thus reveals how during a pandemic, registration can been utilised to pathologise specific kinds of death, while unproblematically reifying the concept of a normal death. It argues that what the COVID-19 pandemic exposes, particularly though the productive tension between the rhetoric of death as both an anomaly and inevitable, is that normalising technologies are inextricable from how a panoply of institutions determine what deaths should be counted at all.
PENGARUH KOTORAN AYAM DAN PACLOBUTRAZOL TERHADAP JUMLAH ANAKAN DAN TINGGI BATANG PADI HITAM (Oryza sativa L.) KABUPATEN TAPANULI SELATAN
Authors: Silitonga Romaya Sitha , Nasution Jumaria
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Black rice is very potential to be expanded because the content of anthocyanin, vitamin B1, and vitamin E black rice is higher than brown rice or white rice. At present, black rice producers are in Java, whereas in Sumatra, South Tapanuli District, Angkola Sub-District is a new type of black rice for rice farmers, so it is necessary to introduce and cultivate. The aims of the research was to determine the effect of chicken manure and paclobutrazol concentration on the tiller number and stems height of the rice plant in Batang Angkola District, South Tapanuli. This research method used was Randomized Block Design Factorial with two factors. The first factor was application of chicken manure (C) with dosage 0 g/pot 3 g/pot (C1), 6 g/pot (C2) and 9 g/pot (P3). The second factor was application paklobutrazol (P) with concentrations of 0 ppm (P0), 25 ppm (P1), 50 ppm (P2) and 75 ppm (P3). Statistical analysis used Anova 5%. If there is a difference followed by DMRT. The result showed that application of chicken manure at 9 g/pot (C3) and paclobutrazol 75 ppm (P3) were produce more tiller number and able to decrease height of black rice plant. Key words : Black Rice, Chicken manure, Paklobutrazol, South Tapanuli District, Tiller number, ABSTRAK Padi hitam sangat potensial dikembangkan karena kandungan antosianin, vitamin B1, dan vitamin E padi hitam lebih tinggi dari beras merah maupun beras putih. Adapun daerah penghasil beras hitam saat ini masih terdapat di daerah-daerah Pulau Jawa, sementara di Pulau Sumatera, khususnya di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, Kecamatan Batang Angkola beras hitam masih tergolong tanaman padi jenis baru bagi para petani beras sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya perkenalan dan budidaya di daerah ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi kotoran ayam dan paclobutrazol terhadap jumlah anakan dan tinggi batang padi hitam yang tumbuh di Kecamatan Batang Angkola, Tapanuli Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama, aplikasi Kotoran ayam (C) dengan dosis 0 g/pot (C0), 3 g/pot (C1), 6 g/pot (C2) dan 9 g/pot. Faktor kedua, paklobutrazol (P) dengan konsentrasi 0 ppm (P0), 25 ppm (P1), 50 ppm (P2) dan 75 ppm (P3). Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik analisis variansi pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Apabila ada beda nyata dilanjutkan dengan DMRT. Hasil penelitian aplikasi Kotoran ayam 9 g/pot (C3) dan paclobutrazol 75 ppm (P3) menghasilkan jumlah anakan lebih banyak dan dapat menekan pertumbuhan tinggi batang padi hitam yang ditanam. Kata Kunci : Jumlah anakan, Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, Kotoran Ayam, Paclobutrazol, Padi hitam.
ANALISIS NERACA AIR DI KOTA TARAKAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN UTARA
Authors: Sirait Sudirman , Hendris Hendris
Published: October 2021

Abstract Water needs for agricultural activities in Tarakan City which are located at the geographical coordinates of 117°34¢-117°38¢ East Longitude and 3°19¢-3°20¢ Nort Latitude are still dependent on rainfall, so that there is potential for uncertainty in water availability for plant. Water is one of the absolute factors needed by the agricultural sector for growth and development of plant that affects crop production. Production of agricultural products will decrease if the plants be through water stress. The water balance analysis method is a method that can know the level of carrying capacity of water resources, especially in water storage capacity for groundwater recharge. This study aims to analyze the water balance in Tarakan City to occupy plant water needs. This research was divided into several stages, which are the literature study, the data collection, and the data analysis. The results showed that during the period of 2008-2017 the Tarakan City area had a reliable rainfall value of 3497.68 mm/year, an average ETp value of 41.65 mm/month, a total CH value of more than 2997.88 mm, runoff value of 1630.34 mm, and groundwater recharge value of 1367.54 mm. Based on the results of the water balance analysis, that the Tarakan City area does not encounter a water deficit so that it can support crop cultivation activities and fulfill crop water needs to increase productivity. Key words: Groundwater Recharge, Rainfall, Run-Off, Water Balance, Water Resources AbstrakKebutuhan air untuk kegiatan pertanian di Kota Tarakan yang terletak pada koordinat geografis 117°34¢-117°38¢ Bujur Timur dan 3°19¢-3°20¢ Lintang Utara masih tergantung pada air hujan, sehingga berpotensi terjadinya ketidakpastian ketersediaan air untuk tanaman. Air merupakan salah satu faktor mutlak yang diperlukan sektor pertanian untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman yang mempengaruhi produksi tanaman. Produksi hasil pertanian akan menurun jika tanaman mengalami cekaman air. Metode analisis neraca air merupakan suatu metode yang dapat mengetahui tingkat daya dukung suatu wilayah terutama daya dukung sumberdaya air untuk kegiatan pertanian sehingga dapat memberikan rekomendasi upaya pengelolaan limpasan dan pengisian air tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis neraca air di Kota Tarakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air tanaman. Penelitian ini dibagi dalam beberapa tahapan yaitu studi pustaka, pengumpulan data, dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama periode 2008-2017 wilayah Kota Tarakan memiliki nilai curah hujan andalan 3497,68 mm/tahun, nilai ETp rata-rata 41,65 mm/bulan, total nilai CHlebih 2997,88 mm, nilai limpasan 1630,34 mm, dan nilai pengisian air tanah 1367,54 mm. Berdasarkan hasil analisis neraca air, bahwa wilayah Kota Tarakan tidak mengalami defisit air sehingga dapat mendukung kegiatan budidaya tanaman dan memenuhi kebutuhan air tanaman untuk meningkatkan produktivitas. Kata kunci: Curah Hujan, Limpasan, Neraca Air, Pengisian Air Tanah, Sumberdaya Air
Automated Irrigation System (ARDS)
Authors:   ,   Universidad Mundo Maya, BUENAVISTA-JARALILLO Mariana
Published: October 2021

Our irrigation system has an automatic system that will be connected tothe water network. At the time that oursystem activates, a quantity of water will be released, this will be controlled by Arduino, which will be in charge of obtaining the data from the sensors used, will process them and once a series of conditions are met, for example, If the soil is wet, if it is day or night to know when to water the plants and release the water necessary for the plants.
CARPORKEY
Authors:   ,   Universidad Mundo Maya, MANCILLA-GARCIA Víctor
Published: October 2021

Facilitate the flow of vehicles in parking lots with the help of ESP 32, which will give us a better organization and will help us to manage more effectively the parking lot, Methodology: Research, Design, Testing, Detailing and Implementation, Contribution: Optimize resources in the parking lot selection process for vehicles in a high-traffic location
Formulasi Ekstrak Rambut Jagung (Corn Silk Zea Mays) Dalam Krim Tabir Surya Sebagai Preventif Kanker Kulit
Authors: Andriani Disa Andriani , Pratimasari Diah Pratimasari
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAKRambut jagung kaya akan senyawa bioaktif sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai tabir surya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi Ekstrak Rambut Jagung (ERJ) yang paling optimal pada krim tabir surya berdasarkan sifat fisik, nilai SPF dan efek iritasinya. Rambut jagung kering dimaserasi dengan etanol 96%, kemudian ekstrak rambut jagung yang diperoleh diformulasikan ke dalam bentuk krim tabir surya dengan 3 formula. Berbagai Formula ERJ pada sediaan krim tabir surya diuji stabilitas secara fisik, efektivitasnya berdasarkan  nilai SPF, dan efek iritasi pada kulit secara Draize test. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik dengan ANOVA menggunakan uji-T taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga formula krim tabir surya ERJ memenuhi persyaratan uji sifat fisik, tidak menyebabkan iritasi dan memiliki kemampuan nilai SPF yang beragam pada tiap formula. Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsetrasi ekstrak rambut jagung pada masing-masing formula krim tabir surya ERJ tidak mempengaruhi hasil uji sifat fisik, uji iritasi dan nilai SPF. Krim tabir surya ERJ yang paling optimal adalah Formula III dengan konsentrasi  ekstrak rambut jagung 0,15%Kata Kunci : ekstrak rambut jagung, krim tabir surya, uji sifat fisik,   SPF, uji iritasi Corn silk is rich in bioactive compounds and has the potential to be used as a sunscreen. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of corn silk extract on sunscreen creams based on physical properties, SPF values and their irritation effects. Dry corn silk was extracted with 96% ethanol, and it was formulated into a sunscreen cream with 3 formulas. Various corn silk extract formulas on sunscreen creams were tested for physical stability, their effectiveness was based on SPF values, and the irritation effect on the silk by Draize test. The result were analyzed statistically by ANOVA using a T-test level of 95%. The results showed that all formulas of corn silk extract cream fulfilled the test requirements of physical properties, did not cause irritation and had the ability of various SPF values in each formula. Statistical tests showed that differences concentration of corn silk extract in each formula of sunscreen cream did not affect the results of physical properties test, irritation test and SPF value. The most optimal cream of ERJ sunscreen is Formula III with 0.15% corn hair extracts concentration.Key words : corn silk extract, suncreen cream, physical test, SPF, irritation test
Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morindra citrifolia Linn) dan Scopoletin secara In-Vitro terhadap Bakteri Tuberkulosis
Authors: Dhilasari Estu Mahanani , Kusumawati Idha Kusumawati , Primaharinastiti Riesta Primaharinastiti
Published: October 2021

Penyakit tuberkulosis disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Secara tradisional mengkudu digunakan untuk pengobatan tuberkulosis. Scopoletin merupakan komponen utama dalam mengkudu, oleh karena itu scopoletin sering dijadikan marker dalam studi farmakokinetik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37RV) ekstrak daun mengkudu dan scopoletin melalui penentuan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM). Uji aktivitas antibakteri dan penentuan KHM dari ekstrak etanol 50% daun mengkudu dilakukan dengan metode dilusi agar dengan konsentrasi 1,0×10-4 µg/ml – 5,1×10-11 µg/ml. Uji aktivitas menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol 50% daun mengkudu dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Mycobacterium tuberculosis dengan KHM 4,0×10-6 µg/ml. Sedangkan scopoletin dengan konsentrasi yang setara dengan kandungan pada ekstrak tidak menunjukan aktivitas anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosisnya.Kata kunci: Mengkudu, Scopoletin, tuberkulosisTuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Morinda citrifolia Linn has been found to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Scopoletin is a major component in Morinda citrifolia Linn, therefore scopoletin often used as markers in studies of pharmacokinetic. This research purpose to determine anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain H37RV) activity based on the value of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) used to ethanolic extracts from Morinda citrifolia Linn leaf and scopoletin. Experiment of anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activities tested by well dillution methods with a dose 1,0×10-4 µg/ml – 5,1×10-11 µg/ml . The results showed that ethanolic extract Morinda citrifolia Linn leaf  were found to be active to Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity with MIC 4×10-6 µg/ml while scopoletin at the same concentration with extract had no anti­- Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity.Keywords:  Noni, scopoletin, tuberculosis
LECTURER’S PERCEPTION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (PBL) APPROACH IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Ahmad Nurazwa , Abu Seman Noor Aslinda , Selimin Mohamad Ali , Abdul Halip Juliana , Wan Ahmad Wan Nurul Karimah
Published: October 2021

Problem-based learning (PBL) was known as the student-centered pedagogy where it involves the student to experience solving complex real-world problems and the teacher acts as a facilitator in crafting trigger materials to promote the learning concepts. This study aims to investigate and identify the level of usefulness and challenges as well as the level of student achievement through the perception of academic staff’ on the implementation of PBL in classrooms in Malaysia. A quantitative study was conducted, and the data was collected through a survey questionnaire on 98 lecturers all over Malaysia. The findings from the analysis indicate that lectures in Malaysia have a high perception of PBL implementation in the classroom. Overall, the findings enhance the understanding of higher institution lecturers’ perception of PBL in terms of the usefulness of PBL as one dynamic and active approach that transforms dramatically the routine lecture-based learning. Findings also suggest that sufficient training to learners is required in implementing PBL effectively, thus indirectly facilitate the focus of students that lead to the achievement of course learning outcomes.
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, SCHOOL CLIMATE AND TEACHER JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Mohd Yusoff Mohd Akhmarudi , Ismail Siti Noor
Published: October 2021

The Malaysia Education Development Plan 2013-2025 focuses on empowering school principal leadership as the main platform for developing school excellence. Therefore, this study was conducted to look at the transformational leadership relationships practiced by principals into two main elements that influence school excellence, namely the school climate and also teacher job satisfaction. A cross-district survey was used to collect data involving regular daily secondary school teachers in Kelantan. A total of 390 teachers from the population of 10866 were randomly selected using the grade sampling method. The instrument consists of 20 items already used to measure transformational leadership among principals (Femke Geijsel, Peter Sleegers & Rudolf van den Berg, 1999), 3 things to measure teacher job satisfaction (Johnson, Stevens & Zvoch, 2007), and 21 items used to measure school climate (James Griffith, 2003). The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 25.0. The findings show that there is a significant positive relationship between transformational leadership towards the school climate and teacher job satisfaction. The findings can be used by school leaders in efforts to develop the school climate and environment as well as to adopt recommended approaches to improve teacher job satisfaction levels.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING PRACTICES AND SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Authors: Mohd Farid Nur Sarah Hidayah , Ahmad Nurazwa , Abu Seman Noor Aslinda
Published: October 2021

The implementation of sustainable manufacturing practices has brought many benefits not only to the manufacturing industry itself but also to the environment. Among the benefits are increasing productivity, bringing a good image, and producing environmentally friendly products. However, there are still many manufacturing organizations that still do not implement sustainable manufacturing practices due to factors such as high cost and organizational culture that does not accept such practices. Thus, this study aims to identify the relationship between sustainable manufacturing practices (SMP) and the sustainable performance of manufacturing organizations. Data were collected based on quantitative methods using a questionnaire survey. This study employed a simple random sampling method and SPSS was used to analyze the descriptive and correlation data for a sample of 51 manufacturing companies in Johor. Clean production practices and employee relations show a significant relationship with sustainable performance. Eco-efficiency practices show no relationship to economic sustainability, yet there is a significant relationship to environmental sustainability and social sustainability. The benefit of this study is that manufacturing organizations can see some SMPs acting as drivers to improve the sustainable performance of the organization because of the long-term benefits it offers.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC: IMPACT ON CRIME INDEX RATE IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ibrahim Suhaila , Haji Abd Rahman Ishak
Published: October 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought great changes to the world community when all offices and schools are closed, social and religious activities are banned, movement control and even social imprisonment are restricted. This action indirectly has huge implications for the country and its people's political, economic, social, cultural, and so on. The main aspect that is of concern to the people at this critical time is the aspect of health and safety. Malaysia is no exception from implementing various measures, strategies, and actions that are deemed necessary to prevent the spread of this epidemic with the aim of maintaining the safety of the people. This article looks at the implications of movement control especially on the crime index rate in Malaysia during the pandemic in 2020. Although the crime index rate decreased by almost 50% not all types of crime decreased although the government's strategy to implement the Movement Control Order (PKP) is believed to be the main cause of the decline. criminal cases. This study will use data obtained from secondary data through academic materials such as scholarly writing blogs, journals, newspaper clippings, and bulletins of related agencies that discuss crime issues in Malaysia and the world will discuss crime issues.
AWARENESS OF FEMALE TOURISTS ON ASPECTS OF SAFETY AND SECURITY THREATS WHILE ON VACATION IN KOTA KINABALU
Authors: Mapjabil Jabil , Mohd Hamiza Nurbaiti , M.Z. Rosmiza , Marzuki Mazdi , Yusoh Mohamad Pirdaus , Stephen Jeannet , Datu Eranza Datu Razali , Kanyo Nor-Ina , Andin Christina , Mohd Salleh Noorziah
Published: October 2021

The issue of tourist safety and security is not new, but studies on the awareness of female tourists on aspects of safety and security threats are still lacking and limited. Therefore, this article aims to (i) identify the types and factors of security threats that concern female tourists when traveling in a city and (ii) to examine their awareness of the safety aspects when traveling in the city. In the context of this study, the location chosen is the city of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. This study uses quantitative approach through distribution of questionnaires. To this end, 93 respondents were selected randomly from those involved in women's tourism in this city. The findings showed respondents were concerned about the threat of being threatened or robbed, followed by the threat of abduction and rape. Subsequently, there were two main factors that posed a threat to female tourists when travelling in the city, namely location factors and congestion of tourist areas. For situations that secure safety when traveling in the city, the mean score of ‘very high’ is when there is a presence of security officers or police on duty in tourist areas. Meanwhile, the situation that recorded a ‘low’ mean score was when walking in the tourist hotspot at night. For the aspect of female tourists’ awareness of the safety aspects when travelling, the mean score for ‘very high’ is on the statement 'I am more concerned with safety when travelling in a new place'. They also scared when approached by a beggar while on vacation in Kota Kinabalu. In summary, the findings of this study are important and relevant to the stakeholders who are directly involved in enhancing the safety features of the city which will ultimately increase the confidence of tourists especially women to travel with a sense of safety while enjoying Kota Kinabalu city.
Growth of twin-free cubic In2O3(111) thick layers on c-plane sapphire substrates by halide vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Goto Ken , Mori Akane , Nakahata Hidetoshi , Togashi Rie , Kumagai Yoshinao
Published: October 2021

The growth of twin-free single-crystal cubic-indium oxide (c-In2O3) layers was investigated by halide vapor phase epitaxy on c-plane sapphire substrates with various off-axis angles. The growth rate of the c-In2O3 layer increased and twin formation was suppressed as the off-axis angle of the substrate was increased. A single-crystal c-In2O3(111) layer grown on a sapphire substrate with a 5° off-axis angle showed a room temperature carrier density and mobility of 1.4 × 1016 cm−3 and 232 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. Temperature-dependent Hall measurements of the layer revealed that the mobility is dominated by optical phonon scattering.
The Impact of Renewable Energies on Sustainable Development
Authors:   Finance and Development, Faculty of Law and Economics and Politics Sciences/University of Sousse, Erriadh City, Tunisia., Sabbagh Foued
Published: October 2021

The people of the world have entered a decade phase after bidding farewell to the previous year 2019 and to begin with stability towards a future that is looming on the horizon of many variables that could shape the characteristics of the next decade with the start year of 2020, it will therefore constitute a fundamental change for the future of daily life and the international economy.
Come nasce la barzelletta
Authors: Parenti Alessandro
Published: October 2021

Un buon numero di lettori ci scrive chiedendoci chiarimenti sull’origine del termine barzelletta.
A COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF PROGNOSTIC FACTOR SCORES TO PREDICT MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS OF PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER
Authors: Vishvakarma Ananay , Roychowdhury Subhasish , Saha Anil Kumar
Published: October 2021

Background: Perforation is one of the common complication of peptic ulcer disease which is associated with signicant morbidity and mortality.
It is a disease which needs emergent surgical intervention. Accurate and early identication of high-risk patients with Perforated Peptic Ulcer is
important for risk stratication. Here, we calculate the three prognostic factor scores, (i) The Boey Score, (ii) The Peptic ulcer perforation (PULP)
score, and (iii) The quick sequential organ failure assessment (q-SOFA) score, preoperatively to predict postoperative outcome. Aims &
Objective: The aim of the study is to identify patients with an increased risk of adverse outcome, so that we can target the level of perioperative
monitoring and treatment in high-risk patients. Also, to determine and compare the ability of three prognostic factor scores to predict morbidity and
mortality in patients of Perforated Peptic Ulcer. Methods: Aprospective comparative observational study was conducted comprising of 92 patients
with conrmed perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) attending the emergency ward of Department of General Surgery between February 2019 to July
2020. After conrmation of diagnosis, risk stratication according to the three prognostic factor scores (Boey score, PULP score, and q-SOFA
score) was done. Acomparison was made between each score through calculation of positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value
(NPV). We used receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve in my study to estimate the predictive ability of each scoring system. Results: The
study include 92 patients. Female 41.3% and Male 58.7%. The mean age was 45.38 years. The most common site of PPU was the rst part of
duodenum - D1 (64.1%). The most common operative procedure done was the Grahm's patch repair. The morbidity rate was 28.3%. Overall
mortality rate was 10.9%. The AUROC for morbidity prediction was 0.791 for Boey score, 0.918 for PULP score, and 0.61 for q-SOFAscore. The
AUROC for mortality prediction was 0.829 for Boey score, 0.865 for PULPscore, and 0.602 for q-SOFAscore. Conclusion:Boey score and PULP
score helps in accurate and early identication of PPU patients with an increased risk of adverse outcome. q-SOFA score cannot signicantly
predict morbidity and mortality in PPU patients. Overall, PULP score performs best but Boey score is crude and simple to calculate and is used to
assess the patient rapidly
Damage caused by Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Stored Brazil nut
Authors: Pires E. M. , Souza E. Q. , Nogueira R. M. , Soares M. A. , Dias T. K. R. , Oliveira M. A.
Published: October 2021

Tribolium castaneum is an insect that occurs worldwide and it is a pest that attacks stored products, in particular, grains and seeds. The adult and immature forms are categorized as secondary pests which feed on grains or seeds previously damage in storage conditions. The objective of this study was to describe the type of damage caused by adults and immature of T. castaneum in Brazil nuts and identify the type of damage caused by Coleoptera. It was also verified whether the shell can protect the almond from the attack of this pest. The lesions inflicted by this insect starts as a scratched surface, which evolves into galleries and even injuries capable of modifying the original shape of the almond. Due to its capacity to promote considerable damage with consequent losses in the value of the nuts, T. castaneum may be listed among pests of Brazil nut categorized as primary pest by its ability to initiate injuries in the intact almond.
Evaluation and optimization of disc grating machine for sago starch production (Metroxylon spp.).
Authors: Wan Azman Wan Mohd Fariz Bin , Shamsudin Rosnah , Mohd Nor Mohd Zuhair , Hamzah Azman
Published: October 2021

The production of Sago starch involving multiple processes and the grating process was the most important since the recovery of sago starch was directly affected. In order to produce a finer size of grated sago and high starch recovery, a new design of sago disc grating machine has been developed. A evaluation was performed to determine the optimum operation on the basis of the feeding rate and grating speed input on the sago disc grating machine, and the starch recovery as the output. The grated sago was dried and sieved at different sizes to analysis the size. A model equation was developed to predict the starch recovery. As the result, the optimum feeding rate was 0.1 m/min with 1500 rpm of grating speed produce 23.57% of sago starch recovery. Studies show that the feeding rate and grating speed affects the size of the grated sago produced (P<0.01) and directly affects starch recovery.
Kriegszustände
Authors: Böhler Jochen
Published: October 2021

In the aftermath of the First World War, new nations sprang up in central and eastern Europe. If their creation marked the end of one conflict, it also marked the initiation of many others. Contrary to modern nation-building mythologies, the populations of these countries understood these years not as a national awakening, but nothing more than civil war.
The Color Out of Space
Authors: Seligman Darryl
Published: October 2021

Since the nineteenth century, astronomers have hypothesized the existence of interstellar comets. In every way that they expected the first interstellar comet to behave, ‘Oumuamua acted the opposite.
Compulsory Educational Measures
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Yu. E. Pudovochkin
Published: October 2021

Problem Statement. Improvement of juvenile justice presupposes active and priority application of alternative measures to criminal punishment. Such, according to the Criminal Code of Russia, are compulsory educational measures, which are imposed in the order of exemption from criminal liability or from criminal punishment. Their proper application implies a clear definition of the content of educational measures, clarification of the order of their appointment and execution. Nevertheless, these matters are not fully regulated in the law, which poses a inconsistent practice of their application and ultimately reduces the effectiveness of juvenile justice. In this regard, the task of concretizing the content of compulsory educational measures is seen as urgent. Goals and Objectives of the Study. Specification of the normative prescriptions that define the content of compulsory educational measures and the determination on this basis of the main directions for improving the application practice of the provisions of Art. 90 and Art. 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Methods. Formal-logical analysis of the legal acts that determine the content, application procedure and execution of educational measures; study and critical assessment of literature on the research topic; statistical analysis of judicial practice; documentary analysis of court files in criminal cases. Results, Summary Conclusions. The list of compulsory educational measures established by the law is adequate to the tasks of correcting juvenile offenders and preventing crimes on their part. However, improving the quality of justice in criminal cases involves: disclosure of the content of such a measure of influence as a warning in the text of a judicial act; unification of ideas about the state body, under the supervision of which minors can be transferred and the recognition as such of the territorial commission on minors; the definition of such a measure as the imposition of the obligation to make amends for the harm caused analogously to other situations of exemption from liability and the use of this measure as a backup; normative establishment of the terms for the application of such measures of influence as warning and imposition of the obligation to make amends for the harm caused; further study of regional differences in the enforcement of compulsory educational measures.