bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive disconnection of targeted neuronal circuitry sparing axons of passage and nonneuronal cells
Authors: Wang Yi , Anzivino Matthew J. , Zhang Yanrong , Bertram Edward H. , Woznak James , Klibanov Alexander L. , Dumont Erik , Wintermark Max , Lee Kevin S.
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE

Surgery can be highly effective for the treatment of medically intractable, neurological disorders, such as drug-resistant focal epilepsy. However, despite its benefits, surgery remains substantially underutilized due to both surgical concerns and nonsurgical impediments. In this work, the authors characterized a noninvasive, nonablative strategy to focally destroy neurons in the brain parenchyma with the goal of limiting collateral damage to nontarget structures, such as axons of passage.

METHODS

Low-intensity MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS), together with intravenous microbubbles, was used to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in a transient and focal manner in rats. The period of BBB opening was exploited to focally deliver to the brain parenchyma a systemically administered neurotoxin (quinolinic acid) that is well tolerated peripherally and otherwise impermeable to the BBB.

RESULTS

Focal neuronal loss was observed in targeted areas of BBB opening, including brain regions that are prime objectives for epilepsy surgery. Notably, other structures in the area of neuronal loss, including axons of passage, glial cells, vasculature, and the ventricular wall, were spared with this procedure.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings identify a noninvasive, nonablative approach capable of disconnecting neural circuitry while limiting the neuropathological consequences that attend other surgical procedures. Moreover, this strategy allows conformal targeting, which could enhance the precision and expand the treatment envelope for treating irregularly shaped surgical objectives located in difficult-to-reach sites. Finally, if this strategy translates to the clinic, the noninvasive nature and specificity of the procedure could positively influence both physician referrals for and patient confidence in surgery for medically intractable neurological disorders.
Racial, ethnic, and gender diversity of applicants and matriculants to neurological surgery residency programs
Authors: Nieblas-Bedolla Edwin , El-ghazali Fatima , Qadri Saman , Williams John R. , Quadri Nabiha , Lee Amy , Ferreira Manuel
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to identify trends in the demographic constitution of applicants and matriculants to neurological surgery based on race, ethnicity, and gender.

METHODS

The authors conducted a cross-sectional study using compiled demographic data obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges. Trends analyzed included proportional changes in race, ethnicity, and gender of applicants and matriculants to neurosurgical residency programs from academic years 2010–2011 to 2018–2019.

RESULTS

A total of 5100 applicants and 2104 matriculants to neurosurgical residency programs were analyzed. No significant change in the percentage of overall women applicants (+0.3%, 95% CI −0.7% to 1.3%; p = 0.77) or in the percentage of women matriculants (+0.3%, 95% CI −2.2% to 2.9%; p = 0.71) was observed. For applicants, no change over time was observed in the percentages of American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) men (0.0%, 95% CI −0.3% to 0.3%; p = 0.65); Asian men (−0.1%, 95% CI −1.2% to 1.1%; p = 0.97); Black or African American men (−0.2%, 95% CI −0.7% to 0.4%; p = 0.91); Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish Origin men (+0.4%, 95% CI −0.8% to 1.7%; p = 0.26); White men (+0.5%, 95% CI −2.1% to 3.0%; p = 0.27); Asian women (+0.1,% 95% CI −0.9% to 1.1%; p = 0.73); Black or African American women (0.0%, 95% CI −0.6% to 0.5%; p = 0.30); Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish Origin women (0.0%, 95% CI −0.4% to 0.4%; p = 0.71); and White women (+0.3%, 95% CI −1.1% to 1.7%; p = 0.34). For matriculants, no change over time was observed in the percentages of AI/AN men (0.0%, 95% CI −0.6% to 0.6%; p = 0.56); Asian men (0.0%, 95% CI −2.7% to 2.7%; p = 0.45); Black or African American men (−0.3%, 95% CI −1.4% to 0.8%; p = 0.52); Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish Origin men (+0.6%, 95% CI −0.8 to 2.0%; p = 0.12); White men (−1.0%, 95% CI −5.3% to 3.3%; p = 0.92); Asian women (+0.1%, 95% CI −1.3% to 1.5%; p = 0.85); Black or African American women (0.0%, 95% CI −0.6% to 0.7%; p = 0.38); Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish Origin women (−0.1%, 95% CI −0.7% to 0.5%; p = 0.46); and White women (+0.3%, 95% CI −2.4% to 3.0%; p = 0.70).

CONCLUSIONS

Despite efforts to diversify the demographic constitution of incoming neurosurgical trainees, few significant advances have been made in recent years. This study suggests that improved strategies for recruitment and cultivating early interest in neurological surgery are required to further increase the diversification of future cohorts of neurosurgical trainees.
Applying to residency: survey of neurosurgical residency applicants on virtual recruitment during COVID-19
Authors: Snyder M. Harrison , Reddy Vamsi P. , Iyer Ankitha M. , Ganju Aruna , Selden Nathan R. , Johnson Jeremiah N. , Wolfe Stacey Q. , _ _
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant disruption to residency recruitment, including a sudden, comprehensive transition to virtual interviews. The authors sought to characterize applicant experiences and perceptions concerning the change in the application, interview, and match process for neurological surgery residency during the 2020–2021 recruitment cycle.

METHODS

A national survey of neurosurgical residency applicants from the 2020–2021 application cycle was performed. This survey was developed in cooperation with the Society of Neurological Surgeons (SNS) and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons Young Neurosurgeons Committee (YNC) and sent to all applicants (n = 280) who included academic video submissions to the SNS repository as part of their application package. These 280 applicants accounted for 69.6% of the total 402 neurosurgical applicants this year.

RESULTS

Nearly half of the applicants responded to the survey (44.3%, 124 of 280). Applicants favored additional reform of the interview scheduling process, including a centralized scheduling method, a set of standardized release dates for interview invitations, and interview caps for applicants. Less than 8% of students desired a virtual-only platform in the future, though the majority of applicants supported incorporating virtual interviews as part of the process to contain applicant costs and combining them with traditional in-person interview opportunities. Program culture and fit, as well as clinical and research opportunities in subspecialty areas, were the most important factors applicants used to rank programs. However, subjective program "fit" was deemed challenging to assess during virtual-only interviews.

CONCLUSIONS

Neurosurgery resident applicants identified standardized interview invitation release dates, centralized interview scheduling methods, caps on the number of interviews available to each candidate, and regulated opportunities for both virtual and in-person recruitment as measures that could significantly improve the applicant experience during and effectiveness of future neurosurgery residency application cycles. Applicants prioritized program culture and "fit" during recruitment, and a majority were open to incorporating virtual elements into future cycles to reduce costs while retaining in-person opportunities to gauge programs and their locations.
Participants in the procedure and evidence in the civil judicial proceedings
Authors: Nestertsova-Sobakar Oleksandra
Published: December 2021

The study deals with the peculiarities of the status of participants in civil proceedings in the Ukrainian Cossack state, as well as the main groups of evidence used in Ukrainian courts in accordance with contemporary sources of law, which contained procedural rules and were used by courts. It is noted that due to the historical political situation in the Hetmanate, sources of Polish and Lithuanian law (for example, Lithuanian statutes), hetman's powers, Russian law were used on its lands, and traditionally for a long time customary law, Cossack customary law. Characteristic features of the civil process, which began orally or in writing, were considered. The parties could be men from 18 and women from 14. In the Hetmanate there was an institution of representation of the party as a defender and lawyer, as well as parents or relatives. It is stated that procedural legal capacity did not extend to slaves, persons deprived of honor, excommunicated, exiles, and procedural legal capacity was not possessed by children, mentally ill, deaf or dumb, women who did not have a husband or guardian, and minors (men up to 18 years and women up to 14 years). The norms of the Lithuanian Statute of 1588 concerning the status of the party's representative, his role in the process, the grounds on which a person could not become a party's representative (court employee, clergyman's representative) are revealed. The main groups of evidence are covered, namely the personal testimony of the parties (in which the testimony of a person who had a higher legal status than the other party in court was considered more reliable), the testimony of witnesses, the conditions under which a person cannot be a witness, categories of witnesses ordinary and official), features of the use of religious oath as evidence, the involvement of written documents.
Interpretation of the concepts of legal guarantees of voting rights of citizens of Ukraine and legal guarantees of the right of citizens of Ukraine to participate in all-Ukrainian and local referendums in the modern doctrine of constitutional law
Authors: Serdiuk Liliya
Published: December 2021

In preparing the article, the author aimed to substantiate the author's concepts "legal guarantees of voting rights of citizens of Ukraine" and "legal guarantees of the right of citizens of Ukraine to participate in all-Ukrainian and local referendums." The modern doctrine of constitutional law reflects the judgments of legal scholars on such components of the constitutional and legal status of the man and the citizen as guarantees of human rights and freedoms, legal guarantees of human rights, guarantees of the all-Ukrainian referendum, guarantees of the reference process and the mechanism of democracy. Based on this, the following author's definitions of the studied concepts have been substantiated and formulated: 1) legal guarantees of citizens’ voting rights is a system of legal remedies defined in national legislation, which are used (or applied) by the actors of the election process, public authorities and their officials in connection with the exercise of their powers, as well as measures, which are used by them for the practical implementation by the citizens of Ukraine of their opportunities related to the formation of elected representative bodies of public authority, the granting or receipt of representative mandates; 2) legal guarantees of the right of citizens of Ukraine to participate in the all-Ukrainian and local referendum is a system of legal remedies defined in the national legislation, which are used (or applied) by the actors of the referendum process, public authorities and their officials in connection with their competencies, as well as the measures they take for the practical implementation by citizens of Ukraine of their opportunities related to initiating the matter of holding an all-Ukrainian or local referendum, formulating the content of a decision of national or local significance, and its approval as a result of national expression of will or expression of will of citizens of Ukraine living within the relevant administrative-territorial unit.
On the issue of financing non-governmental human rights organizations: international legal aspect
Authors: Lebedieva Yuliya
Published: December 2021

In the article considers some international legal aspects of NGO funding and outlines some problems that arise as a result of the functioning of these organizations and have not yet been resolved. The author notes that despite the significant scientific interest in the functioning and prospects of NGO development, some international legal aspects of their funding have not yet found proper legal consolidation and agreed doctrinal interpretation. In addition, the activities of NGOs provoke a mixed reaction from government agencies and certain segments of society. Therefore, the study of some features of NGO funding as subjects of international human rights activities, the author considers relevant, both in theoretical and practical terms. The author emphasizes that in addition to the negative impact of the established restrictions, there are urgent grounds for its implementation within the relevant legal regulation. One of the reasons for the emergence of mistrust and conflict situations in which NGOs are a party is the insufficient state of settlement of the legal status of the latter. The article states that the financial status of many NGOs is not transparent enough, as a result, some of them compete for government contracts and funds, which creates a risk of losing autonomy and independence, casts doubt on the impartial implementation of their missions.
The concept of «sources of law»: general theoretical definition and content
Authors: Novikova Maryna
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes scientific approaches to the characterization of sources of law as a legal category. The reasons of multifaceted approaches, dependence of sources of law on legal understanding are defined. Approaches to understanding the sources of law are studied. The meaning of the concept in the material, ideological and formal (legal) sense is revealed. It is determined that in the system of categories of the theory of law the concept of «sources of law» performs a dual function. Thus, on the one hand, it allows distinguishing sources of law from other social regulators. Any legal system determines in its doctrine and legislation which sources (forms) of law are recognized as valid. On the other hand, this concept reveals the place of a source of law in the system of sources of law, the ratio of its legal force with the legal force of other sources of law. It is stated that the source of law cannot be defined as a way of external expression of legal norms, which are objectified in a certain form, because the «source of law» means the origins of law. It is pointed out that differences in the interpretation of sources of law can be explained by different approaches to legal understanding. So, for example, if the legal understanding is based on the normative approach, then the sources of law mean the will of the legislator or law-making activities of the state, and in the natural-legal approach, the sources of law are considered the principles of law, which should be followed by positive law. The source of law may not have forms, such as common sense or theoretical thinking, which can be considered full-fledged sources of law that form the meanings of law, although they are not forms of existence of law. It is concluded that the source of law, and not any other legal category, opens for the subject of lawmaking, determines the need for their use in the regulation of social relations. From the source of law, the subject of law enforcement derives the content of the legal norm, regardless of its recognition by the state, regardless of whether the sources of law are binding or only convincing value. The source of the law itself can be the basis for the decision of the subject of law enforcement. The legitimation, material, social and ideal meaning of the term «source of law» is analyzed. Based on the analysis of definitions and approaches to the chosen issues presented in the scientific literature, the authors agree with the position expressed in the literature that the understanding of the category of source of law, its form is directly influenced by the concept of legal understanding shared by researchers.
Continuous Passive Motion Machine for Elbow Rehabilitation
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Al-Almoodi Hamzah , Zainul Azlan Norsinnira , Shahdad Ifrah , Kamarudzaman Norhaslinda
Published: December 2021

Continuous Passive Machines (CPM) facilitate patients in eliminating joint stiffness after surgery and lead to a faster and more efficient recovery. However, many previous CPM machined are mechanically complicated, expensive, and lack a user interface. This paper presents a new CPM machine for elbow flexion-extension and forearm pronation-supination. The machine is simple, low-cost, and equipped with Graphical User Interface (GUI). Its mechanism is designed so that it can be used on the left or right arms interchangeably. It is developed using aluminum, perspex, and steel rods. The electrical part of the machine consists of Arduino Uno to drive the motors and a potentiometer to measure the patients’ Range of Motion (ROM). The GUI for setting the exercise parameters and monitoring the patients’ progress has been developed using MATLAB software. The experimental results show that the machine has successfully provided the repetitive desired motions. The machine realizes elbow flexion-extension and forearm pronation-supination movements with 0ᵒ-135ᵒ and 0ᵒ-90ᵒ ranges of motion (ROM), respectively. The machine is also capable of increasing the elbow joint’s ROM by 5ᵒ increments for the therapy. The results show that the machine has the potential to be used in hospitals and rehabilitation centers.
Anasınıfına devam eden çocukların çaba gerektiren kontrolleriyle sosyal davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
Authors: POLAT Özgül , GÖNCÜ Halide Bengü
Published: December 2021

Okul öncesi yıllar birçok becerinin edinilmesinde ve geliştirilmesinde kritik öneme sahiptir. Çocukların olumlu sosyal davranışlara sahip olmaları ve bu davranışları düzenleyebilmeleri hem okul hayatları hem de gerçek yaşam için sahip olmaları gereken özelliklerin başında gelmektedir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmanın amacı anasınıfında öğrenim gören çocukların çaba gerektiren kontrolleriyle sosyal davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya 262 çocuk katılmıştır. Veriler Çaba Gerektiren Kontrol Ölçeği ve Okul Öncesi Sosyal Davranış Ölçeği-Öğretmen Formu (OÖSDÖ-ÖF) ile toplanmıştır. Ölçekler çocukların öğretmenleri tarafından, kendi gözlemlerine dayanarak doldurulmuştur. Verilerin analizi Mann Whitney-U testi, Kruskal Wallis-H testi, Spearman’s korelasyon analizi ile yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, çocukların çaba gerektiren kontrolleri ve açık fiziksel saldırganlıkları arasında orta düzeyde, negatif yönlü, anlamlı; olumlu sosyal davranışları ile orta düzeyde, pozitif yönlü, anlamlı; ilişkisel saldırganlık ile düşük düzeyde, negatif yönlü, anlamlı; depresif duygulanım ile de düşük düzeyde, negatif yönlü, anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca çaba gerektiren kontrol toplam puanının cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği ortaya konmuştur. Açık fiziksel saldırganlık ise cinsiyet ve yaşa göre, olumlu sosyal davranış cinsiyet, yaş ve anne öğrenim düzeyine göre, ilişkisel saldırganlık ise baba öğrenim düzeyi ve sosyo ekonomik düzeye göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlara göre çocukların çaba gerektiren kontrolleriyle sosyal davranışları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir.
ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE GRINDABILITY OF K-FELDSPAR BY THE FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN
Authors: BİLİR Kemal , İPEK Prof. Dr. Halil
Published: December 2021

This study's aim is to investigate the wet and dry grindability of K-feldspar in a narrow grain size range in a stirred ball mill. In the evaluation of the grinding process, a full factorial design was used to observe the effects of the selected parameters on the dependent variable. On a narrow grain size range grinding, the parameter effects such as ball diameter, stirring speed, grinding time, and interstitial filling ratio were investigated. Experimental results showed that K-feldspar can be efficiently milled with a stirred ball mill in a narrow grain size range (1-10 microns).
НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ КУРС «АКМЕОЛОГІЧНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ» В СИСТЕМІ АНДРАГОГІЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАГІСТРІВ ПЕДАГОГІКИ ВИЩОЇ ШКОЛИ
Authors: Саяпіна Світлана , Олена Коркішко , Коркішко Артем
Published: December 2021

У статті зазначено, що наразі актуальним є питання підготовки фахівців, які професійно займаються організацією навчання дорослих − педагогів-андрагогів, високоосвічених, творчих особистостей, здатних генерувати нові ідеї, оригінально розв’язувати актуальні навчально-виховні та соціокультурні проблеми, тобто підготовки магістрів спеціальності 011 Освітні, педагогічні науки, які поновлять склад науковців і викладачів закладів вищої освіти. Констатовано, що професійному становленню магістрів педагогіки вищої школи здебільшого допомагає навчальна дисципліна «Акмеологічні технології», метою якої є засвоєння здобувачами системи акмеологічних знань, формування вмінь розв’язувати широкий спектр акмеологічних проблем і завдань у процесі професійної діяльності; формування та закріплення в самосвідомості майбутнього викладача необхідності саморозвитку й самореалізації, що дозволяють спеціальними прийомами та техніками самоактуалізувати особистісне та професійне «Я»; розвиток внутрішнього потенціалу, професіоналізму та творчої майстерності фахівця, який працює в системі «людина-людина», що є основою його професійного іміджу й життєвого досвіду. Акцентовано, що в межах цього курсу майбутні викладачі вивчають: предмет акмеології, його місце в системі наук, методологічні основи акмеології, акмеологічну культуру особистості в контексті життєвого шляху та професійного розвитку людини, акмеологічний підхід у педагогічній освіті України, акмеологічні технології особистісного та професійного розвитку дорослих. Підкреслено, що важливою передумовою під час вивчення зазначеної дисципліни є організація викладачем творчого процесу на заняттях і залучення здобувачів до активної участі в ньому. Наведено приклади аудиторної та самостійної роботи для засвоєння навчального матеріалу та поточного контролю. Означений курс сприяє андрагогічній підготовці майбутніх викладачів, фахівців високого рівня, для яких знання, уміння, навички, їхнє постійне оновлення є основою професійної самореалізації особистості.
МОДЕЛІ НАУКОВИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ У ВІТЧИЗНЯНОМУ ОСВІТНЬОМУ ПРОСТОРІ (ПОЧАТОК ХХІ СТ.)
Authors: Бєліков Олександр
Published: December 2021

Доведено, що ефективність включення українських наукових колективів в міжнародні комунікації визначається значною мірою поширеністю та інтенсивністю як формальних, так і неформальних наукових комунікацій. Внутрішні українські комунікації більш стабільні й продовжують зв'язки, які беруть початок з радянських часів; пострадянський простір характеризується «обірваними і поновленими зв'язками»; динамічно розвиваються комунікації зі світовим науковим співтовариством. Важливим джерелом у системі наукової комунікації, її найбільш успішним та вдалим засобом, як відомо, є науковий журнал – першоджерело для опублікування наукових ідей, теорій, результатів досліджень, місце для критичного розгляду нових ідей тощо. Нову еру у науковій комунікації кінця XX – початку XXI ст. відкрили електронні журнали (як і електронні видання в цілому), забезпечуючи таку оперативність і повноту задоволення інформаційних потреб у знаннях, якої не могло бути в еру друкованих журналів. Нові технології спричинили та запропонували альтернативні моделі (2 моделі: відритий архів чи інституційний репозитарій та «журнали відкритого доступу»).
ДІАГНОСТИКА ВИХІДНОГО РІВНЯ СФОРМОВАНОСТІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ЦИФРОВОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ
Authors: Стєганцева Валерія
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена виявленню вихідного рівня сформованості у першокласників інформаційно-цифрової компетентності як наукового орієнтиру  процесу формування зазначеної компетентності у початковій школі. Виходячи з трикомпонентної структури інформаційно-цифрової компетентності молодших школярів було виділено три відповідних критерія оцінювання її рівня сформованості. Перший критерій – когнітивний – був акцентований на сформованості певної сукупності знань та вмінь про джерела інформації і способи роботи з нею, знанні понять, пов’язаних із інформацією. Другий критерій – технологічний – характеризував переважно технічні знання, вміння та навички використання комп’ютера та інших цифрових пристроїв. Третій критерій – аксіологічний – уключав до себе ціннісні (правові, етичні) аспекти он-лайн спілкування. Важливо відзначити, що діагностика сформованості у першокласників інформаційно-цифрової компетентності уключає до себе не лише письмове анкетування, але й включене спостереження, бесіди, усне інтерв’ю, що дозволило максимально уточнити зміст відповідей на письмове опитування. Аналіз даних за когнітивним критерієм дозволяє заключити, що першокласники мають найбільш загальне уявлення про джерела інформації, до яких відносяться різні цифрові пристрої, мінімальний досвід володіння окремими, найпростішими функціями, розуміють їх значення для себе як нового джерела інформації поверхнево, але орієнтуються в шкільному інформаційному просторі. У контексті технологічного критерію першокласники проявляють вміння та навички володіння простими цифровими технологіями, вміють застосовувати найпростіші та розповсюджені комп’ютерні та мобільні пристрої для розв’язання елементарних завдань, швидко освоюють способи створення простого контенту у простих форматах. Аксіологічний критерій дозволив виявити зростання прагнення першокласників до удосконалення своєї інформаційно-цифрової компетентності як значущої для них особистісної життєвої цінності. Комп’ютерне середовище розглядається ними як необхідний складник їх навчальної та позанавчальної діяльності.
Generational status, social capital and family engagement in immigrant families
Authors:   , Choi Jinmyung
Published: December 2021

This study highlighted the importance of social capital in understanding the disparity in family engagement across immigrant generations. Using the national representative data, the ELS:2002, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the relationships among generational status, social capital, and home- and school-based family engagement. The results suggested that social capital played an important role in immigrant home- and schoolbased family engagement. The findings of specific pathways through social capital in and outside the family to home- and school-based family engagement might make a tangible contribution to understanding of family engagement and immigrant generations. Further, the present research suggested that immigrant families were not only constrained from participating in their children's education, but also had their own strengths for family engagement such as positive expectations for and extensive communications with their children.
Effects of essential oils on the performance, health, and feeding behavior of growing cattle
Authors:   , Allen Hannah
Published: December 2021

Concerns and changes in policy related to use of antimicrobials in livestock has led to increased interest in using alternative feed additives such as essential oils (EO). Essential oils are plant secondary metabolites with characteristic odors. Essential oils are reported to alter ruminal fermentation (Hart et al., 2008) and animal performance (Calsamiglia et al., 2007). There is also evidence to suggest that EOs may manipulate feeding behavior in cattle (Tager and Krause, 2011). An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a blend of EO in a commercially available complete feed (MFA Cattle Charge, MFA Inc., Columbia, MO) on performance, health, and feeding behavior of steers during the backgrounding phase. Eighty beef steers (initial BW = 267 [plus or minus] 2.6 kg) were obtained from 3 different sources and assigned risk groups based on distance traveled, previous health management, and incidence of disease. Pen fed EO tended (P = 0.09) to have a greater DMI than control. After 56 days on feed, steers exposedto moderate stress and fed EO had greater BW than steers exposed to moderate stress and fed control, but EO had no impact on final BW among steers exposed to small or large amounts of stress. Addition of EO did not have an effect on concentrations of anti-egg albumin IgG (P = 0.99). Under conditions of this experiment, inclusion of essential oils in a complete feed appeared to improve dry matter intake and weight gain in calves during the backgrounding phase. Meal intervals among calves in this study was 28 minutes and 40 seconds between the end time of a feeding event and start time of the next feeding event. Addition of EO to a complete feed influenced feeding rate through an interaction between treatment and days on feed (P = 0.02). Specifically, feeding rate was greater on days 11 and 44 in steers offered EO than steers offered control. Addition of EO to a complete feed may improve animal performance, health, and feeding behavior but under the conditions of this experiment, cattle source influenced the response to EO supplementation.
Volumes of line bundles on schemes
Authors:   , Nunez Roberto
Published: December 2021

The volume of a line bundle is an invariant defined in terms of a limit superior. It is a fundamental question whether this limit superior is a limit. It has been shown that this is always the case on generically reduced proper schemes over arbitrary fields. We show that volumes are limits in two classes of schemes that are not necessarily generically reduced: codimension one subschemes of projective varieties such that their components of maximal dimension contain normal points, and projective schemes whose nilradical squared equals zero.
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Technique Guideline
Authors: Hidayat Rachmat , Patricia Wulandari
Published: December 2021

ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a technique used to assess the quantification of peptide, protein, antibody and hormone levels, based on the principle of antigen-antibody binding. In the ELISA technique, antigen immobilization will be carried out on a solid surface, then bound with antibodies to form an antigen-antibody bond complex, where the antigen-antibody complex is bound to the enzyme. The detection signal in the form of a color change will be formed due to the reaction between the enzyme and the substrate.
Relationship of Serum Tau Levels with Cognitive Functions and Factors Affecting The Cognitive Function Decrease in Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: Busra Meldayeni , Yuliarni Syafrita  , Hendra Permana
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) which occurs as the disease progresses and affects quality of life. Many efforts have been developed in early detection of cognitive disorders, one of which is the examination of tau protein biomarkers, where the tau protein that undergoes pathological changes to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is found in Alzheimer's disease and PD and plays a role in cognitive impairment. However, the role of tau in PD is still controversial. This study aims to assess the relationship between serum tau levels and cognitive function and the factors that affect cognitive function in PD patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional design was conducted at the RSUP DR. M Djamil Padang. During the period March to August 2020, 62 research subjects were obtained. Cognitive function examination was carried out by using the MoCA-Ina test and examination of serum tau levels using the Elisa method. The relationship between categorical variables was tested by Chi square and differences in serum tau levels in the group with and without cognitive impairment were tested with the Mann Whitney test, considered statistically significant if the p value <0.05.

Results: With Moca Ina examination, it was found that 67.7% of patients had impaired cognitive function. The mean serum tau level was 198.004 ± 162.69 ng / L.There was a significant relationship between education level and degree of disease with cognitive function (p <0.05) and there was no difference in mean serum tau levels between groups with and without cognitive impairment.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between education level and degree of disease with cognitive function and there is no difference in mean serum tau protein levels between the cognitive impaired group and the cognitive normal group.
Karakteristik Pasien Osteomielitis di Rumah Sakit Pusat Infeksi Prof Dr. Sulianti Saroso
Authors: Nabiu M Rifaldi , Anandani Adinta , Hardiansyah Nico Perdana
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang: Osteomielitis merupakan suatu proses inflamasi yang terjadi pada tulang dan strukturnya, proses inflamasi yang terjadi digolongkan berdasarkan durasi waktu mulai dari akut, subakut sampai dengan kronis. Bakteri penyebab infeksi osteomielitis yang paling sering adalah Staphylococcus aureus. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung bahwa laki-laki memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami osteomielitis dibandingkan dengan perempuan yaitu 4:1. Faktor risiko yang paling sering menyebabkan terjadinya osteomielitis adalah trauma dan diabetes melitus. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui karakteristik pada pasien osteomielitis di RSPI. Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso sunter periode 2018 sampai 2019.Metode: Penelitian ini dengan desain deskriptif observasional dengan mengambil sampel rekam medik pada pasien pasien penderita osteomielitis periode 2018 sampai 2019.Hasil: Dari 22 kasus osteomyelitis, rentang usia terbanyak adalah 50-59 tahun (31,8%) dan jenis kelamin laki-laki 54,5%. Sebagian besar pasien menjalani perawatan lebih dari 7 hari (54,5%). Manifestasi klinis yang tampak adalah nyeri (100%), nyeri tekan (77.3%), ulkus (36.4%), gangguan mobilitas fisik (40.9%). Faktor risiko terbanyak adalah DM (54.5%) diikuiti oleh trauma (54.5%). Gambaran radiologis menunjukkan (59,1%) kesan osteomyelitis. Hasil laboratorium memperlihatkan lekositosis (40.9%), peningkatan LED (90.9%) dan peningkatan CRP (36.4%). Dari 22 kasus ostemielitis tersebut hanya 8 yang dilakukan pemeriksaan kultur dan terdapat pertumbuhan bakteri pada empat kasus yaitu (Staphylococcus aureus). Sebagian besar terapi empirik menggunakan metronidazole (20.6%). Terapi definitif sesuai hasil kultur. Semua kasus memperlihatkan prognosis yang baik. Rata-rata lama rawat di rumah sakit adalah >7 hari (54.5%).Kesimpulan: Osteomielitis terjadi pada rentang usia terbanyak 50-59 tahun dengan karakteristik klinis dominan nyeri dan peningkatan LED.
Gambaran Pegawai Terkonfirmasi COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Pusat Infeksi Sulianti Saroso Tahun 2020
Authors: Dyah Nugroho Anita Puspitasari , Herlina Herlina , Hendrawati Nunung , Maemun Siti , Pertiwi Intan , Murtiani Farida , Nanda Andi Dala Intan Sapta
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang: Tenaga kesehatan yang berada di garis depan penanganan COVID-19 berisiko tinggi terinfeksi COVID-19 sehingga hasil surveilans menjadi dasar strategi untuk melindungi tenaga kesehatan, menghambat penyebaran infeksi dan mengurangi risiko transmisi. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pegawai yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 di RSPI Sulianti Saroso tahun 2020 berdasakan data surveilans. Metode: Desain deskriptif cross-sectional, total sampel 173 sampel, data sekunder bersumber dari data hasil RT-PCR dan data surveilans epidemiologi. Hasil: Kejadian infeksi COVID-19 dimulai pada bulan Maret 2020, puncak kasus pegawai tertinggi minggu ke-35, terbesar pada pegawai perempuan (60%), rentang umur 29-38 tahun (38%), terbesar pada tenaga kesehatan perawat (38%). Pegawai yang mengalami tanda & gejala (58%), melaksanakan isolasi mandiri (63%) dan sembuh (98%). Kesimpulan: Gambaran pegawai yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 di RSPI Sulianti Saroso tahun 2020 dilihat berdasarkan jenis kelamin, umur, jenis ketenagaan, tanda dan gejala, tindak lanjut penanganan dan luaran
Aplikasi Fatwa Melalui Metode Ijtihad Lembaga Baḣṡ Al-Masâ`il Nahdlatul Ulama
Authors: Noorhidayah Noorhidayah
Published: December 2021

Kajian ini mencoba menganalisa bagaimana metode ijtihad yang digunakan oleh lajnah Baḥth Al-Masaῑl secara sistematis juga terperinci. Disisi lain, kajian ini akan menguraikan berbagai deskripsi mengenai metode yang digunakan diantaranya adalah metode qauli, ilhaqi dan manhaji. Di awali dengan menerangkan langkah awal hingga akhir dalam proses pembentukan fatwa yakni sejak pengajuan permasalahan hingga penentuan putusan atau fatwa. Dilanjutkan dengan menjabarkan secara utuh karakteristik metode ijtihad lajnah Baḥth Al-Masaῑl. Kemudia, ditutup dengan bagaimana aplikasi dari metode ijtihad lajnah Baḥth Al-Masaῑl dalam fatwa-fatwa mereka yang juga akan disertai dengan analisis metodologisnya.
Civil education: legal and gender aspects
Authors:   Chernihiv Polytechnik National University, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Karpova I.G. , Melnyk О.Ye. ,   Chernihiv Polytechnik National University, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The article examines the problems of modernization of education in Ukraine nd focuses on the importance of systematic implementation of civic and gender education in the public space for educational needs, formation and development of citizens who are aware of their rights and responsibilities who have an active citizenship position, patriotism, active outlook, cohesion and tolerance.The article reveals the components of civic and gender education, the main normative-legal and program base for their implementation in the formal and non-formal education system. The issue of strengthening is revealed considering the practical component in the training of specialists in the humanitarian sciences and the importance of using the most effective research tools, taking into account gender aspects. The importance of mastering the skills by higher education obtainers of conducting sociological research using modern information technologies, platforms and social networks is emphasized.One of them is determined to be the online service Google Forms, which allows easily creating a variety of tests, surveys, getting feedback, automatically process information and presenting it in graphical forms for easy analysis. The results of a sociological survey using the Google Forms survey showed significant differences in the responses of women and men, indicating mandatory gender and age differentiation in the research.The problems of fragmentation of civic and gender education, lack of a unified cross-cutting approach to the structure of civic competencies, insufficient practical orientation of education cause unsystematic approaches and activities, uncoordinated actions of stakeholders, especially in training humanities and civil servants.Thus, the educational, scientific and managerial community faces an important task to find new forms, adequate to the challenges of the information age, content and mechanisms of civic and gender education for all groups as a factor of democratization of Ukrainian society. Key words: modernization of education, civic education, gender education, democracy, equality, information technologies in education, sociological polls.
Theoretical principles of organization of local government and local self-governanment in foreign countries and in Ukraine
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Oliinyk V.S. , Rebkalo M.M. ,   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

In its modern form, local government and local self-government were formed as a result of constitutional and municipal reforms of the late eighteenth – early nineteenth century. Their formation and development have historically been associated with the process of transition from feudal organization to industrial society. The stronghold of the bourgeoisie were the cities that fought for independence in the management of local affairs. Medieval cities with their administrative, financial and judicial privileges, practically, carried in themselves “embryos of municipalism”. This was expressed, first of all, in the requirements of giving independence to communities and larger historically formed territorial communities. The free community was the leitmotif of the concept of municipal autonomy in Europe. According to many authors, from the middle of the XIX century local government of this kind began to be called local self-government. The public-state concept of self-government is optimal for Ukraine. First, it ensures the formation of a system of local self-government as an institution of civil society. Secondly, such a model contributes to the active involvement of local governments in the implementation of functions and tasks of public administration. The theory of social functions of municipal government has the greatest influence on the practice of local self-government at the present stage of state development. According to it, local governments are social services that are able to meet the interests of all segments of the population. As representatives of the socially useful, non-political activities of the state, local governments are in partnership with him on the basis of mutual benefit and receive financial assistance in response to increased costs. Local self-government naturally depends on the state, in fact acts as a guiding and controlling authority. Local self-government as a somewhat independent institution of civil society is a necessary element of the mechanism for smoothing political differences between the legislative and executive branches of government. Its further development is a prerequisite for the democratization of public administration and the functioning of the political system, which is the basis for the full development of the state. After all, developed local self-government testifies to democratic public administration and ensuring the constitutional principle of state control over citizens. Key words: local government; Anglo-Saxon model of local self-government; continental model of local self-government; local (communal system) self-government of Germany; the Iberian model of local self-government; Soviet model of local self-government; public-state concept.
Current state of education of convicts as a means of correction and resocialization
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Sikun А. M.
Published: December 2021

In this article, the author raises the issue of the current state of education of persons detained in correctional institutions, since it is one of the main ways to correct and re-socialize convicts. The author analyzes the national legislation governing the education of convicts. The author also analyzes the normative-legal acts of foreign countries that regulate this issue. It is highlighted the positive aspects which the legislation of our country can adopt for the improvement of problematic moments in the national legislation. The attention is also paid to international and European normative-legal documents in the field of education of convicts and a comparative analysis of compliance with national legislation. The author of the article also singles out the current situation caused by the pandemic COVID-19 virus. It is proposed to further develop distance education in correctional institutions, as it can have positive results in improving the quality of teaching for this category of people, as well as be able to increase the level of security for teachers who work with convicts. The author notes that it is necessary to amend national legislation, namely in departmental and special normative-legal acts and provide convicts with additional paid vocation for the examinations duration of convicts, which will be an additional incentive for persons detained in correctional institutions in order to voluntarily receive education. In this article, the author concludes that the more convicts receive quality education, the lower the rate of recidivism, since it is easier for them to find job and honestly earn a living. Key words: education, education of convicts, correctional institutions, distance education, correction, re-socialization, convicts.
Illegal benefit in anti-corruption legislation: problems of legal regulation
Authors:   Territorially Separated Branch “Khmelnytskyi Branch of the  Academy of the State Penitentiary Service”, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine, Vynohrad О. V. , Kovalska P. H. ,   Territorially Separated Branch “Khmelnytskyi Branch of the  Academy of the State Penitentiary Service”, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The types and meaning of the main methods of preventing corruption are examined in the article. Administrative methods of combating corruption are identified among them. They are divided into two groups: rule-making (adoption of relevant law); law enforcement (application of law). The importance of proper legislative regulation in liquidating corruption is outlined. The formation of anti-corruption legislation, which has been going on for a long time, is revealed and it is noted that to date anti-corruption legislation has undergone a significant transformation and changed its purpose that is “prevention” instead of “struggle”. Emphasis is placed on innovations and reforms contained in the updated anti-corruption legislation. The provisions of statutary acts, which enshrine illegal benefit, are given. For carrying out a detailed analysis, the scholars’ positions on the current legislation on the definition of “illegal benefit” were analyzed. It revealed differences in existing approaches to the essential features of this phenomenon. The concept and features of a gift are analyzed in order to distinguish it from the illegal benefit and identify the main reasons for this. The importance of clear regulation of illegal benefit and gifts in order to avoid incorrect classification of violated anti-corruption legislation was emphasized. After analyzing the essence of “illegal benefit” and “gift”, it was found out that common to the subject of gift and illegal benefit was to receive both materially defined and things that do not have a monetary equivalent and material reflection. A sign that allows to distinguish a gift from an illegal benefit is the sign “without any legal grounds” for receiving an illegal benefit and “gratuitousness and receipt/gift at a price below the minimum market”. It is the last part of the component definition of a gift that testifies to the value characteristics of a gift. It is noted that taking into account the fact that since the difference between a gift and an illegal benefit is unclear, it may lead to incorrect classification of violated anti-corruption legislation. Key words: illegal benefit, gift, anti-corruption legislation, corruption offense, corruption-related offenses, criminal liability, administrative liability.