bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osteosarcoma of the jaw: Primary versus secondary - A report of two cases
Authors: Ahuja Manisha , Mandal Shramana , Mallya Varuna , Khurana Nita , Meher Ravi , Singh Kishore
Published: December 2023

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignancy of bone excluding hematological malignancies. Most common sites of tumor are long bones of extremities. OS of the jaw are extremely rare with mandible being more commonly after than maxilla. Hereby, we present two cases of OS of jaw with one patient being male and other female.
The effect of lower urinary tract substructure doses on side effects of cervical cancer image-guided adaptive brachytherapy
Authors: Azak Can , Kavak Gizem , Ertan Ferihan , Alioğlu Fatma , Akkaş Ebru Atasever , Göksel Fatih , Karakaya Ebru
Published: December 2023

Objective:

Image-Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy (IGABT) provides a survival advantage in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Although side effects are seen less with this technique, dose parameters that cause urinary side effects are still questionable. We aim to investigate whether the radiotherapy doses of the lower urinary tract substructures (LUSS) affect the urinary system side effects (USSE) of cervical cancer external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and the IGABT.

Methods:

LUSS (bladder, trigone, bladder neck, and urethra) doses were calculated in 40 patients diagnosed with LACC and receiving primary EBRT, IGABT, and concomitant chemotherapy. D0.1cc, D2cc, and D50% values were examined by contouring the bladder, trigone, bladder neck, and urethra from the intracavitary BT planning computed tomography (CT) images taken every 4 BT fractions, retrospectively. Besides, late USSE (urgency, dysuria (recurrent), frequency, obstruction, incontinence, hematuria, fistula, cystitis) were queried and categorized according to Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results:

For the whole study population, for both incontinence and dysuria, trigone (D50%), urethra (D50%, D0.1cc,), and bladder neck (D50%, D0.1cc, D2cc) volume and hot spot doses remained significant. For cystitis, urethra (D50%, D0.1cc,) and bladder neck doses (D0.1cc, D50%, D2cc) are worth investigating.

Conclusions:

Although USSE is less common in the intensity-modulated radiation therapy and IGABT era, it may be meaningful to take the doses of LUSS into account when planning IGABT. In addition, delineation of LUSS using only CT seems feasible. More proof is needed to determine delineation technique and dose constraints for LUSS for IGABT.
Prognostic value of lymph node features in patients diagnosed with stage IIIC endometrial adenocancer
Authors: Gülseren Varol , Çakır İlker , Özdemir İsa Aykut , Gökçü Mehmet , Sancı Muzaffer , Görgülü Gökşen , Kuru Oğuzhan , Dağgez Mine , Güngördük Kemal
Published: December 2023

Aim:

Our study investigated the lymph node (LN) features most affecting survival in endometrial adenocancer (EAC) patients with LN involvement.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study was based on a review of the records of patients diagnosed with EAC, who underwent hysterectomy and systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy at the gynecologic oncology clinics of three centers between January 2009 and January 2019.

Results:

A total of 120 stage IIIC endometrioid-type EAC patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into small (<10 mm) and large (≥10 mm) groups according to the size of the largest metastatic LN. Patients were divided into single and multiple metastasis groups according to the number of metastatic LNs. The patients were divided into pelvic and paraaortic groups according to the location of the metastatic LNs. The effects of prognostic factors on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated by Cox regression analysis. Large-sized metastatic LNs were an independent prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.–26.2; P = 0.035) and OS (HR = 9.0, 95% CI: 1.1–68.0; P = 0.033). The number (P = 0.093 for DFS, P = 0.911 for OS) and location (P = 0.217 for DFS, P = 0.124 for OS) of metastatic LNs were not independent prognostic factors for DFS or OS.

Conclusions:

Large-sized metastatic LNs were an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with stage IIIC EAC. Larger prospective studies including similar patient populations are required to verify these findings.
Induction of G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by thymol through ROS generation and caspase-9/-3 activation in breast and colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Anvarbatcha Riyasdeen , Kunnathodi Faisal , Islam Mozaffarul
Published: December 2023

Background:

Cancer is a major malignancy and one of the leading causes of death; it calls for a proactive strategy for the cure. Herbs are reservoirs of novel chemical entities and their phytochemical exploration has contributed considerably to the discovery of new anticancer drugs. Thymol, a natural phenolic monoterpenoid, has been implicated with many medicinal properties, including anticancer ones. However, the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing ability of thymol on MDA-MB-231 and HCT-8 cell lines has not been studied yet in detail, and hence this study was conceived.

Materials and Methods:

We studied the cytotoxicity, morphological alterations of the cell, oxidative stress, cell cycle modulation, apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-related proteins that ensued due to thymol treatment in these cancer cells.

Results:

Thymol inhibited the cell proliferation, altered the morphology of the cells, increased the intracellular ROS level, arrested the cells in G0/G1 phase, induced apoptosis, upregulated pro-apoptotic protein p53 expression, downregulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL expression, and activated caspase-9 and -3.

Conclusion:

These findings elucidate that thymol induces apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway, in MDA-MB-231 breast and HCT-8 colorectal cancer cells through ROS generation and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. This reiterates the broad-spectrum anti-tumor potential of thymol and provides an insight to study further to be developed into an anticancer drug.
Clinico-epidemiological profile and treatment outcome in adolescents and young patients of rectal cancer attending a tertiary cancer center
Authors: Mishra Ritusha , Pandey Ankita , Mishra Himanshu , Singh Tej B. , Mandal Abhijit , Asthana Anupam K.
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

The incidence of colorectal cancer in young adults is on an increasing trend. It is observed that this subgroup of patients has an aggressive disease and carries a poorer prognosis compared to its older counterpart. This study aimed to analyze the incidence, treatment outcome, and prognostic factors in adolescents and young adults with rectal cancer attending a tertiary cancer center in North India.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 50 patients of histologically proven rectal cancer, aged up to 30 years, treated at our center between 2015 and 2019. The clinical, demographic, and pathological parameters were studied in all these patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to find out survival. Univariate analysis was performed to assess prognostic factors.

Results:

The incidence was 26.4% at our center with a median age of 28 years. Bleeding per rectum was the commonest complaint. Most of them had signet ring cell histology (26%). The median overall survival was 16 months. Survival was significantly better in patients having bleeding per rectum as an initial complaint (P = 0.009), absence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (P = 0.005), and perineural invasion (PNI) (P = 0.002), who received complete planned treatment compared to patients who could not receive either of the modality (P < 0.001). Patients who did not receive radiotherapy (RT) had the worst outcomes compared to those who received RT in any form. RT dose of 50.4 Gy was found to be superior as compared to other schedules. There was no significant difference in survival with gender, tumor stage, grade, type of surgery, or chemotherapy regimen.

Conclusion:

The majority of patients presented in an advanced stage. Therefore, bleeding per rectum should be properly and timely investigated in all these young patients. Early detection and complete treatment are paramount to improving the outcome.
Association between depressive symptoms and socioeconomic status in head and neck cancer patients attending rural tertiary health care center
Authors: Patidar Kushal , Waghmare Chaitali M. , Pawar Hemant J.
Published: December 2023

Aim:

To study the association between depressive symptoms and socio-economic status (SES) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC).

Materials and Methods:

Histopathology-proven non-metastatic and non-recurrent HNC patients attending radiation oncology services in February and June 2021 who consented to the study were evaluated with an interview. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and modified BG Prasad classification were used to assess depressive symptoms and SES, respectively. Statistical analysis was done using SYSTAT version 12 (by Crane’s software, Bangalore).

Results:

The study cohort comprised 100 patients. The median age was 55 years (minimum: 28, maximum: 86) with a male-to-female ratio of 2.57:1. The majority of patients were educated beyond middle-school level (44%), of middle SES (47%), oral cavity subsite (68%), stage IVA (36%) disease, and were on treatment (79%). HDRS scores showed absent, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms in 21, 63, and 16 patients, respectively, that is, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 79%. Lower socioeconomic strata showed a significantly higher prevalence of severe depressive symptoms (P-value = 0.01). HDRS score was significantly higher in females (P-value = 0.024) and in patients who were illiterate or were educated less than middle-school level (P-value = 0.010). No statistically significant difference was found between HDRS score and age of patient, stage and site of disease, and on treatment or follow-up status.

Conclusion:

Depressive symptoms are common in patients with head and neck cancer. Low socioeconomic status (SES), female gender, and education less than middle school are associated with severe depressive symptoms. Psycho-oncological and psychotherapeutic interventions are the need of the hour.
Accuracy of cytological grading in the carcinoma breast and its correlation with pathological prognostic parameters
Authors: Chauhan Devika , Sahu Nageswar , Sahoo Saroj R. , Senapati Urmila
Published: December 2023

Background:

Breast carcinoma is a significant contributor to cancer deaths worldwide. Tumor grade is an important parameter in planning out the treatment. Histology is the gold standard for grading the carcinoma breast. However, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is still an important first-line diagnostic procedure in many parts of the world. Grading on cytology will help in pre-operative management. Although cytological grading of the carcinoma breast is a topic of research for many years, it is not yet included as a part of routine cytology reports.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective study was conducted over a period of 1 year at Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences. A total of 42 cases of carcinoma breast, diagnosed on FNAC and subsequently confirmed on histology, were included. Cytological grading was performed using Robinson’s grading system, and the results were compared with the histological grade. Also, the cytological grades were correlated with various pathological prognostic parameters such as tumor size, lymph node status, lympho-vascular invasion, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, Her-2-neu expression, and Ki-67 index. The kappa measure of agreement and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

A moderate kappa measure of agreement (k = 0.415) was found between cytological and histological grades with an overall concordance rate of 66.67%. The accuracy of cytological grading was higher with increasing cytological grade. Except for estrogen receptor expression, none of the other prognostic parameters have a statistically significant correlation with cytological grade.

Conclusions:

Tumor grading on cytology can be helpful in planning treatment, especially in resource-constrained settings. Subjective variation in assessing different parameters and non-inclusion of mitosis in this system might be the reasons behind wrong grading in some cases. Inclusion of mitosis in the scoring system can improve the accuracy of cytological grading and its importance in prognosis.
Significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor regression in breast cancer: A study in a tertiary care cancer center in South India
Authors: Mishra Bagmi , Kodandapani Suseela , Challa Sundaram , Dash Sashibhusan
Published: December 2023

Background:

Tumor immunology plays a significant role in predicting tumor biology and how a tumor is going to respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are the easiest and by far the cheapest method of assessing tumor immunity. Many studies have suggested that TILs play an important role in tumor regression in breast cancer.

Aim:

The aim of the current study was to determine significance of TILs in tumor regression in breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with newly diagnosed and histologically proven breast cancer who were treated with both NACT and surgery in our institute were included in the study. TILs were assessed both before and after NACT, and were correlated with the relative amount of tumor regression and molecular subtypes based on the immunohistochemistry profile.

Results:

The study included 43 specimens of carcinoma breast in females. 42 cases were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma, no special type (NST), and one with lobular carcinoma. Pathological complete remission (pCR) was noted in 6 cases, partial remission (PRe) in 12 cases, and no response in 25 cases. TILs were noted before and after NACT in all cases and were correlated with other clinicopathological parameters.

Conclusion:

The present study highlights that TILs play a vital role in tumor regression and can be included in routine reporting. It can provide an insight into tumor biology.
The antidiabetic drug pioglitazone ameliorates betel-nut-induced carcinogenesis in mice by restoring normal lipid metabolism, reducing oxidative stress, and inducing apoptosis
Authors: Nath Moumita , Bhattacharjee Kasturi , Choudhury Yashmin
Published: December 2023

Context:

Oral administration (2 mg mL-1) of aqueous extract of betel nut (AEBN) for 24 weeks induced oncogenic alterations in the liver of female Swiss Albino mice concomitant with aberrant lipid metabolism, overactivation of Akt/mTOR signaling, and loss of apoptosis.

Aim:

This study was designed to investigate the potential of repurposing the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone for alleviating AEBN-induced carcinogenesis.

Methods:

Sera of animals were evaluated for lipid profile and free fatty acid levels. Liver tissues were investigated for oxidative stress, histopathology, and expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and oncogenesis by western blotting. Apoptosis was determined using TUNEL assay.

Results:

Coadministration of pioglitazone (10 mg kg-1 b.w) with AEBN for 8 weeks restored normal lipid profile and AMPK/ACC signaling, reduced FASN and HMGCR expressions and oxidative stress, and actively induced Akt/mTOR-mediated apoptosis in the liver.

Conclusions:

Pioglitazone can effectively alleviate AEBN-induced carcinogenesis in mice.
Quinacrine enhances the efficacy of cisplatin by increasing apoptosis and modulating cancer survival proteins in a colorectal cancer cell line
Authors: Islam Mozaffarul , Anvarbatcha Riyasdeen , Kunnathodi Faisal , Athar Md Tanwir , Tariq Mohammad
Published: December 2023

Background:

Cisplatin and platinum-based compounds have been used successfully to treat various cancers. However, their use is often restricted due to the acquired resistance by cancer cells. Over-expression of p53 and inhibition of NF-kB sensitize several cancer cells towards cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Quinacrine, a cytotoxic drug with predictable safety revealed to concurrently suppress NF-kB and activate p53, which may be an attractive adjuvant in cisplatin chemotherapy. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to establish the role of quinacrine as an adjuvant in lowering the dose of cisplatin during cancer therapy to circumvent its toxic effects.

Materials and Methods:

The colon cancer (HCT-8) cells were cultured and cell survival assays were performed using standard procedures. Cell cycle arrest and the extent of apoptosis were determined using a muse cell analyzer. Cancer survival proteins were analyzed using western blotting techniques.

Results and Conclusion:

We demonstrated that concomitant use of quinacrine with cisplatin increased cell apoptosis, suppressed cell proliferation and inhibited colony formation in a colorectal cancer cell line. Moreover, cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases and upregulation of p53 expression were observed. There was also downregulation of NF-kB and Bcl-xL protein expressions, both of which are associated with enhanced cell apoptosis and an increase in the sensitivity of cancer cells to cisplatin, overcoming its chemoresistance. Overall, the results of the present study and available literature clearly indicate that the use of quinacrine as an adjuvant with cisplatin may enhance its anti-cancer activity and reduce chemoresistance.
The Use of Fluorescence In situ Hybridisation in the Diagnosis of Hidden Mosaicism in Egyptian Patients with Turner Syndrome
Authors: Ossama Heba Mohamed , Kholeif Soha , Elhady Ghada Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Background:

Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in females. The diagnosis of TS is based on karyotyping of 30 blood lymphocytes. This technique does not rule out tissue mosaicism or low-grade mosaicism in the blood. Because of the associated risk of gonadoblastoma, mosaicism is especially important in case this involves a Y chromosome.

Aims:

This study was set to determine the value of additional genetic studies such as fluorescent in situ hybridisation and the inclusion of buccal cells in search for mosaicism in TS patients.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed in Human Genetics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University.

Materials and Methods:

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique was applied to lymphocyte cultures as well as buccal smears using centromeric probes for X and Y chromosomes. Genotype phenotype correlation was also evaluated.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive study where categorical variables were described using number and percentage and continuous variables were described using mean and standard deviation.

Results:

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique study detected hidden mosaicism in 60% of studied patients; 20% of patients had a cell line containing Y material, while 40% had variable degrees of X, XX mosaicism, and in the remaining 40% no second cell line was detected. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation study helped identify the origin of the marker to be Y in all patients. The introduction of an additional cell line helped in identifying mosaicism in patients with monosomy X. Virilisation signs were only observed among TS patients with Y cell line mosaicism. The clinical manifestations were more severe in patients with monosomy X than other mosaic cases.

Conclusions:

Molecular cytogenetic investigation for all suspected cases of TS should be considered for appropriate treatment plan and genetic counselling.
Bladder Haematoma: A Rare but Serious Complication of Oocyte Retrieval
Authors: Vohra Rashmi , Dash Saumyaroop , Dash Sebanti
Published: December 2023

Owing to its simplicity, transvaginal oocyte retrieval (TVOR) has become the standard procedure for oocyte retrieval. Despite being an easy procedure, TVOR is still associated with rare but serious complications. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis of complications. We present two cases of bladder haematoma, which presented to us post-TVOR.
Explaining the Unexplained: Examining the Predictive Value of Semen Parameters, Sperm DNA Fragmentation and Metal Levels in Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Ghuman Navdeep Kaur , Shukla Kamla Kant , Nandagopal Srividhya , Raikar Sunil , Kumar Shailendra , Kathuria Priyanka , Choudhary Dinesh , Elhence Poonam , Singh Pratibha
Published: December 2023

Background:

There is ongoing research to find an optimum modality to predict male fertility potential.

Aims:

To compare the semen parameters, sperm DNA damage and seminal metal levels of Zinc, Lead and Aluminium among the male partners of couples with unexplained infertility and men with proven fertility.

Settings and Design:

Prospective case–control study at a tertiary level teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred male partners of couples with unexplained subfertility and 50 men with proven fertility were included in the study. Male partners of unexplained infertility couples and fertile men were compared for their semen parameters, sperm DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) and seminal metal levels in semen.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Chi-square test, Student’s t-test, sensitivity and specificity analysis, binomial logistic regression analysis.

Results:

Fertile men had statistically significantly higher mean progressive sperm motility than male partners of unexplained infertility (53.12 ± 9.89% vs. 44.81 ± 19.47%, P = 0.005). Semen volume and sperm concentration were comparable among the cases and control population. The mean sperm DFI was significantly lower among fertile men (10.83 ± 6.28 vs. 21.38 ± 10.28, P < 0.0001). Plotting the receiver-operating characteristic curve the threshold for discrimination was calculated to be 18% DFI. The sensitivity specificity and overall accuracy were 43%, 84% and 56.67%, respectively when the DFI cut-off was set at 18%. Zinc concentration in the semen had a strong positive correlation (Point Biserial correlation coefficient = 0.831) with fertility, whereas lead and aluminium had a moderate negative correlation.

Conclusion:

Conventional semen analysis had limited differentiating ability for unexplained infertility. The sperm DFI may be employed for explanatory purposes among couples with unexplained subfertility. A lower discriminatory threshold of DFI (18%) has better overall accuracy as opposed to a 30% cutpoint for unexplained subfertility. Among metals, Zinc was strongly correlated with fertility status.
A Study of Serum Adiponectin Levels in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and its Correlation with Various Cardiometabolic Risk Markers
Authors: Prasad G. Surendra , Saikia Uma Kaimal , Bhuyan Ashok Krishna , Baro Abhamoni
Published: December 2023

Background:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common metabolic disorder in the reproductive age group, the pathogenesis of which is constantly evolving with the discovery of novel molecules and the lookout for potential therapeutic targets.

Aims:

The aim of the present study was to estimate the circulating levels of serum adiponectin in patients with PCOS compared to controls and to find its correlation with markers of cardiovascular risk, with special emphasis on circulating levels of oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL).

Settings and Design:

In this cross-sectional observational study recently diagnosed, PCOS subjects were compared with age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls.

Materials and Methods:

All the included subjects underwent detailed clinical, biochemical and hormonal evaluation, including lipid profile, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, fasting serum insulin, fasting serum adiponectin, oxLDL, total testosterone and anti-Mullerian hormone.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Appropriate statistical methods were performed using SPSS (version 21) and Microsoft Excel (2019).

Results:

A total of 56 PCOS cases and 32 controls were included in the study. Mean values of serum adiponectin (μg/mL) in our study were found to be significantly lower in PCOS cases (11.53 ± 4.74) versus controls (14.73 ± 5.61) irrespective of BMI. Mean values of serum oxLDL (μg/dL) were found to be higher in PCOS cases (157.96 ± 53.89) versus controls (117.52 ± 45.44), with a significant negative correlation between adiponectin and oxLDL in cases. No difference in levels of adiponectin was found between the different PCOS phenotypes.

Conclusion:

Hypoadiponectinaemia was found to be associated with PCOS irrespective of obesity in PCOS subjects. Serum oxLDL can complement adiponectin as early predictor of CV risk in PCOS.
Exploring the antibacterial potency of α-mangostin against Prevotella intermedia through the diffusion method
Authors: Khairunnisa Vania , Isnaeni Filzah Q , Afiyah Zahra G , Rizqiawan Andra , Rahman Mohammad Z
Published: December 2023

Aim:

To evaluate the antibacterial activity of α-mangostin compounds against Prevotella intermedia bacteria using the diffusion method.

Material and Methods:

This type of research is a prospective analysis and in vivo experimental laboratory study. Research on α-mangostin as an antibacterial to inhibit the growth of the P. intermedia bacteria type (ATCC25611) with catalog number R3602016 was produced by Thermo Scientific, Inc. US. Fifty P. intermedia culture samples were chosen at random technique. The diffusion method is then used to assess the antibacterial activity of the α-mangostin compounds.

Statistical Analysis:

The data obtained were then examined using statistical assessment using the Kruskall–Wallis tests.

Results:

The results showed a concentration of α-mangostin which produces a zone of inhibition of the growth of P. intermedia with a diameter approaching the positive control group is the concentration of α-mangostin 100% then 50%, 25%, and 12.5%. Meanwhile, the concentration of α-mangostin which resulted in a zone of inhibition of the growth of P. intermedia bacteria with the same diameter as the negative control group was α-mangostin concentrations of 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0.78%.

Conclusion:

The α-mangostin compound has effective activity against the growth of the P. intermedia bacteria.
Association between periodontitis and hypertension among a sample of adult Egyptian patients: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Hasan Ali Saleh Yousef , Ibrahim Riham Omar , Zakaria Mai
Published: December 2023

Aim:

The prevalence of hypertension in adult Egyptians is 29.2%. This investigation’s objective is to evaluate the link between periodontitis and hypertension in adult Egyptian outpatients who visit the Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department at Cairo University’s Faculty of Dentistry.

Materials and Methods:

Periodontal and radiographic assessment of each patient was performed in order to get a consensus along with the newest classification of periodontal disorders published in 2018 and involved only the periodontitis cases. Then, a questionnaire was filled which included sociodemographic and medical data. An automated sphygmomanometer apparatus was implemented to check blood pressure at the clinic. Then, patients were categorized into three groups: prehypertension, hypertension, and hypertension-free groups in relation to their blood pressure records.

Results:

The present research was conducted on 376 subjects diagnosed with periodontitis, most patients did not have hypertension (240 patients, 63.8%). Prehypertension group included 66 patients (17.6%) while the hypertension group had 70 patients (18.6%). There was a statistically significant difference between probing depth (PD) measurements in patients with different hypertension categories (P value = 0.016, effect size = 0.009). It revealed that patients with hypertension exhibited the statistically remarkably greatest PD. There was no statistically significant difference among the study groups as regards the periodontitis stages (P = 0.161), and periodontitis grades (P = 0.716).

Conclusions:

In this investigation, there was no connection between periodontitis and hypertension in the Egyptian population where periodontitis is a complex condition with several risk factors. However, hypertensive patients had high significant levels of PD.
Current perspectives of nanotherapies in the prevention and treatment of radiotherapy/chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer—A narrative review
Authors: Dharman Sreedevi , Maragathavalli Gopal , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar , Shanmugasundaram Karpagavalli
Published: December 2023

Aim:

Therapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) causes oral mucositis (OM) which significantly affects the patient’s quality of life. Currently, there are no effective therapy or prevention of OM. This review focuses on a nanomedicine-based approach to prevent and treat chemotherapy (CT)- or radiotherapy (RT)-induced OM in HNC.

Materials and Methods:

Systematic article searches on nanoparticles in CT/RT-induced OM published in English language until December 2022 were conducted in PubMed using MeSH terms, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Search keywords used were: (Nanoparticles) [all fields, MeSH Terms])) OR (Nanocapsules) [all fields, MeSH Terms])) OR (Metal Nanoparticles) [all fields, MeSH Terms])) OR (Lipid Nanoparticles) [all fields, MeSH Terms])) AND (Treatment)) [all fields, MeSH Terms])) OR (Prevention)) [all fields] AND (chemotherapy [all fields, MeSH Terms])) OR (Radiotherapy [all fields, MeSH Terms])) AND (oral mucositis [all fields, MeSH Terms])) AND (Head and Neck Tumor)) [all fields, MeSH Terms])).

Results:

Overall, this review included nine studies after full-text review of articles, among them six were in vivo animal studies and three were clinical trials. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and quarcetin nanoemulsion prevented OM by inhibiting the inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Among polymeric nanoparticles, poly DL-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) dexamethasone NPs were efficient at −10-fold lower dose of free dexamethasone. Chitosan-coated PLGA NPs with rebamipide loading had superior oral retention, and benzydamine hydrochloride-PLGA-NPs-hydrogel demonstrated mucoadhesive and in vitro drug release features, allowing for more rapid and effective treatment of mucositis. Ketoprofen-loaded Eudragit electrospun nanofibers had better efficacy due to local buccal delivery and suppression of the inflammation associated with mucositis. Oral curcumin-loaded nanomicelle is effective due to the enhanced absorption of curcumin aiding in the prevention and treatment of OM. Curcumin nanomouthwash was equally efficient and safe when compared with benzydamine and delayed the onset of OM.

Conclusion:

This narrative review summarized various nanomedicine in OM as an efficient strategy that aided in local buccal delivery, mucoadhesion, and sustained release with reduced doses that can be used as conventional supportive therapy for HNC patients with OM receiving CT/RT.
Flexural strength and hardness of short-silk fiber-reinforced composite with silane addition
Authors: Widyasrini Dyah A , Annisa Mutiara , Sunarintyas Siti , Harsini Harsini
Published: December 2023

Aim:

To investigate the optimum concentration of silane added in fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) and its effect on flexural strength and surface hardness.

Methods and Material:

The degumming process was conducted by soaking the chopped Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons in Na2CO3 solution, hydrolyzing them with NaOH, and neutralizing them with hydrochloric acid. Then, lyophilization and ultra-sonification were carried out. Bombyx mori short-silk fibers (±1.49 µm) were placed into a silane solution with concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. After silanation, fibers were mixed in a composite resin matrix. The volume fraction of the fiber used was 10%. Flexural strength and surface hardness tests employed 48 samples in beam and disc shapes, respectively. Each group included six samples. Flexural strength was tested using a universal testing machine and surface hardness using a microhardness tester in accordance with ISO 4049 (2000). Data obtained were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a post hoc least significant difference test.

Results:

In the ANOVA test, a significant difference was found in the flexural strength and surface hardness among the four FRC groups (P < 0.05). In the post hoc test, the flexural strength of the FRC group with 0.5% silane was significantly different from other groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the surface hardness of samples added with 0.5% silane was not significantly different from those added with 1% and 1.5% silane (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Thus, 0.5% silane might be the optimal concentration to obtain FRCs with appropriate flexural strength and surface hardness.
Twisted Right Ovarian Teratoma Mimicking Ruptured Inflamed Appendix in a Young Woman
Authors: Aiyekomogbon Joshua Oluwafemi , Isah Dennis Anthony
Published: December 2023

A 27-year-old female was referred to our health facility with a working diagnosis of a ruptured appendix on account of sudden onset of severe right iliac fossa and pelvic pain. Abdominal ultrasound scan, plain abdominal radiograph, and abdominal computed tomographic scans done in our health facility revealed a fairly rounded poorly vascularized right ovarian mass containing a tooth, fat, and Rokitansky nodule. A radiological diagnosis of matured poorly vascularized right ovarian teratoma with possible torsion was made. She had laparotomy with excision of the right ovarian mass, and the histology of the excised specimen confirmed the diagnosis of matured right ovarian teratoma. She responded well postoperatively, and subsequent follow-up assessment was satisfactory.
Fused Left Supernumerary Kidney with Single Blood Supply and Ureter
Authors: Emegoakor Adaobi Chiazor , Nwabunike Munachi Onyebuchi , Onu Onyekachi Amos , Umeh Eric Okechukwu , Obieje Kanayo Gerald , Uzukwu Ifeanyi , Achike Anthony Jideofor , Eneh Chika Eusebius
Published: December 2023

Supernumerary kidneys, also known as accessory kidneys, refer to the presence of more than two kidneys. It is a rare congenital abnormality of the urinary system with only a few cases reported so far in literature. The extra kidney commonly has its own collecting system, blood supply, and well-defined encapsulated tissue. It may or may not be fused to the other kidneys by fibrous tissue or a parenchymal bridge. Imaging for vague abdominal symptoms may result in an incidental finding of the rare anatomical variant which may indicate an adjustment of routine physical activities to avoid renal trauma, as well as relevant considerations for surgical planning. We present a 62-year-old woman who presented with vague abdominal pains. Findings on physical examination were unremarkable. Her abdominal ultrasound scan showed two kidneys of about the same size fused together. Computed tomography urography showed two fused renal tissues of nearly same size on the left. The accessory kidney is more medial, slightly cranial. The native kidney is more lateral and more caudal. The native and accessory kidneys had only one blood supply, venous drainage, and a single ureter. As at the time of reporting, the patient has not received any intervention because there was no remarkable symptom noted. This case is rare and unique, in that it is a fused supernumerary kidney seen at the age of 62 and has a single blood supply and ureter. Imaging for vague symptoms can result in an incidental finding of a rare anatomical variant. It is also very essential for planning surgical intervention if need be.
A descriptive study of post-COVID sequelae in mild to severe cases in western India
Authors: Ernam Sunila Sanjeev , Matthews Daniel , Gade Runika , Prabhakar Keertana
Published: December 2023

Background:

COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a multisystem illness that has affected millions worldwide in the form of a pandemic. Numerous studies have shown that individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 experienced extended periods of health issues, varying from fatigue to cardiovascular and respiratory complications, lasting from 12 weeks to 1 year. The prevalence of these issues ranged between 42% and 55% in different countries, correlating with the severity of the initial infection. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection consequences and identify the factors linked to these long-term effects.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital over 3 months, from Jun 14, 2021 to Sept 30, 2021. This study focused on three groups of patients—those with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in outpatient departments (OPD) and hospitalized individuals—observed for follow-up at 3, 6, and 9 months postinfection. With verbal consent obtained after informed discussion, information regarding demographic details, pre-existing medical conditions, habits, and vaccination status was gathered via telephonic interviews using a semistructured questionnaire. The collected data underwent analysis utilizing MS Excel and Open EPI info software.

Results:

In the follow-up studies at 3, 6, and 9 months, there were 1902 patients (with a response rate of 54.06%), 876 patients (with a response rate of 64.75%), and 1464 patients (with a response rate of 58.04%), respectively. The prevalence of post-COVID sequelae across these periods was recorded at 8.20%, 5.59%, and 8.81%. The mortality rate was notably 7.46% within the 3-month follow-up cohort. Diabetes emerged as a prevalent sequela across all three follow-up cohorts, peaking at 2.86% in the 9-month cohort.

Conclusion:

It is necessary to conduct 1-year post-COVID-19 infection patient follow-ups.
Hairy cell leukemia with an aggressive outcome: A case report with a review of the literature
Authors: Mashelkarm Adwaita , Khatu Shirish , Dive Prakash , Sudhamani S
Published: December 2023

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), an uncommon cancer affecting B-lymphocytes primarily in the bone marrow and spleen, is identified by abnormal projections on malignant B cells, which give the illness its name. This condition is less frequently observed in Asian populations compared with individuals from American and European backgrounds and tends to be diagnosed around the age of 55 years. The leading genetic association of this ailment is linked to the BRAFV600 mutation. Diagnosing HCL poses challenges due to its similarity to other conditions involving excessive lymphocyte growth. Here, we present a distinctive case of an aggressive disease course in a 46-year-old male.
Periodontal health status and its association with cardiovascular risk score among the rural community in India: A community-based study
Authors: Radhakrishnan Shankar , Saravanan Natrajan
Published: December 2023

Objectives:

Our primary purpose was to examine the association between cardiovascular risk scores and the state of periodontal health within a rural community in India. Additionally, we aimed to explore the potential for incorporating assessments of periodontal health as an indicator of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Materials and Methods:

In total, 2100 study participants aged 30 and older were included in our research. We developed a semistructured questionnaire to collect information on sociodemographic factors, and the Framingham risk score questionnaire was utilized to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Results:

We discovered a significant Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.761 between the CAD risk score and the cardiac power index (CPI) among our study participants. Similarly, the Spearman correlation coefficient between CAD risk levels and CPI was 0.654, with both values demonstrating statistical significance (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our results strongly indicate that incorporating CPI as one of the risk assessment factors for CVD is highly recommended. Presently, community education on dental health is predominantly centered around school-based initiatives. However, we propose expanding this educational effort to encompass all community members. Educating individuals about the importance of periodontal health in CVD is vital since maintaining good periodontal health can prevent or alleviate morbidity associated with heart conditions.
Difficulties encountered in testing, scoring, and interpreting balance performance in older adults using clinical evaluation tools: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Desai Poonam A , Mullerpatan Rajani
Published: December 2023

Background:

Balance impairment is one of the primary intrinsic risk factors contributing to falls in older adults. Prior research has consolidated the prevalent clinical tools for detecting balance issues in this demographic. Nevertheless, only a few studies have recognized the constraints associated with current balance assessment methods.

Materials and Methods:

The current research was initiated due to a shortage of comprehensive knowledge concerning the hurdles clinicians faced when interpreting balance test results and the obstacles older adults encountered while undertaking these assessments. The methodology involved assessing the static and dynamic balance capabilities of 661 older individuals through tests including the four stage balance test (FSBT), star excursion balance test (SEBT), Four Square step test (FSST), timed up and go (TUG) test, and Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment (TPOMA).

Results:

All older adults were able to complete the TUG and TPOMA tests. . Fifteen percent encountered difficulty completing the entire FSBT; however, they managed to execute the initial two stages of this test. Additionally, 5% of older adults who utilized walking aids could not complete the FSST. Thirty four percent of young-old individuals and 56.3% of old-old individuals were unable to execute the SEBT in posterior directions. Moreover, 1% of 60-64-year-old and 2% of >/75-year-old individuals were unable to perform SET in all 8 directions.

Conclusion:

TPOMA and TUG emerged as the most suitable clinical assessment tool for older adults. Within the FSBT, maintaining tandem and one-leg stance positions posed challenges, whereas the SEBT proved to be the most demanding dynamic balance test for older adults. These current findings will aid clinicians in selecting the most suitable balance assessment tool for routine clinical evaluations of older adults.
Cenobamate is an effective treatment for drug resistance focal epilepsy: a critical review
Authors: Hiremath Jayasheela S , Nyamagoud Sanatkumar Bharamu , Bullapur Prasannakumar C
Published: December 2023

Cenobamate, recently approved anticonvulsant by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), stands as a potential remedy for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). It shows promise in enhancing seizure management efficacy. An in-depth analysis of various literature sources, encompassing clinical trials, preclinical investigations, and pharmacokinetic evaluations, assesses cenobamate’s safety, and effectiveness. The focus lies in its supplementary role for DRE treatment and its advantages for challenging patient groups. Cenobamate operates through a dual mechanism of action, selectively curtailing persistent sodium currents and positively influencing Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors to hinder seizure initiation and spread. Pharmacokinetic studies reveal swift absorption, dose-dependent effects, and the necessity for tailored dosing approaches. Clinical trials demonstrate enhanced seizure control linked to escalating doses, notably at 200 and 400 mg, though lower doses might encounter response and tolerance hurdles. Safety evaluations indicate predominantly mild to moderate adverse events, with rare occurrences of hypersensitivity reactions. Moreover, cenobamate demonstrates significant interactions with other drugs, necessitating adjustments in dosages for certain concurrent antiseizure medications. Cenobamate emerges as a hopeful therapeutic avenue for DRE, offering optimism to patients grappling with insufficient seizure control. Understanding its mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and personalized dosing is crucial for optimal clinical outcomes. While managing drug interactions poses challenges, cenobamate signifies substantial progress in meeting the needs of individuals facing challenging focal epilepsy. Ongoing research and clinical insights will refine its role, ultimately advancing epilepsy care.
Barriers to hand hygiene compliance in intensive care units to prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infections
Authors: Singh Gurjeet , Singh Raksha , Burri Ranga Reddy
Published: December 2023

Background:

Healthcare-associated infections cause significant challenges to the provision of health care. This is due to the strain on individuals, their families, and health services. Hand hygiene measures are cost-effective to reduce the spread of healthcare-associated infections and effectively prevent the transmission of microorganisms during patient care. The hands of healthcare workers have been proven to be the main route of transmission of healthcare-associated infections. Maintaining proper hand hygiene is a straightforward method for averting healthcare-associated infections. Despite its significance, evidence suggests a need for enhanced compliance among healthcare workers concerning hand hygiene practices. Multiple factors influence hand hygiene adherence. Hence, this study sought to elucidate healthcare workers’ encounters with obstacles impeding hand hygiene compliance within intensive care units (ICUs).

Materials and Methods:

Conducted via purposive sampling, this qualitative study involved 50 professionals, including doctors, anesthesiologists, nurses, physiotherapists, and attendants employed in ICUs. The study utilized semi-structured individual interviews to collect data, whereas data analysis was carried out using the Lundman and Graneheim method.

Results:

In this study, the primary theme of “obstacles hindering hand hygiene adherence” is segmented into three principal categories:

1.barriers linked to healthcare providers encompass subcategories, such as workload, inadequate knowledge, inappropriate attitudes, and incorrect behavioral patterns;

2.barriers associated with management are delineated through subcategories involving inadequate planning and training and improper departmental physical space design; and

3.barriers related to equipment and facilities, consisting of subcategories centered on insufficient availability of equipment and equipment of subpar quality.

Conclusion:

The outcomes of this study offer valuable insights that can assist relevant authorities in implementing effective strategies to eliminate obstacles in hand hygiene practices. These findings aim to encourage the cultivation of the correct attitudes and behaviors among healthcare workers.