bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisa terhadap Praktik Utang Piutang
Authors: Syarbini Imam , S Su'aidi
Published: October 2023

Qardh is a special contract that is used to hand over assets to other people with an agreement that it must be returned the same as what was borrowed, to other people who can be billed or asked for back or in other words lend without expecting anything in return, for example borrowing money of one hundred thousand rupiahs, then it must be returned with the same. But the reality in society is different, especially in Dusun Dawuhan, Suco Lor Maesan-Bondowoso Village, borrowing money is paid for in coffee, the price of which is determined in an approximate way. In practice, person A (debtor) borrows money from person B (creditor) with an agreement according to the custom of the local hamlet, person A will pay off the money owed with coffee, the price of which is still based on estimates (speculative), for example Rp. 200.000,- per quintal. In fact, when the harvest season comes, the price of one quintal of coffee can go up to Rp. 400,000 and can go down to not even Rp. 200.000,-. Namely Rp. 150.000,- per quintal. The practice of debt receivables like this, contains Gharar, which is prohibited by Syara'. The solution is to prevent gharar buying and selling, which needs to be considered in the contract, namely the clarity of the intentions of each party in the transaction. Therefore, if these debts are used for consumptive purposes, then from the beginning of the contract, it must be clear. For example, if the money from the loan was made to buy coffee, the debtor should explain this. The items described serve as standard. However, that does not preclude free use by the debtor. So, even though the standard item described in the contract is coffee, for example, it is not a problem for the debtor to spend it on other goods. what is certain, the debtor must pay off according to the price of the goods that become the standard in the contract. If this is what is used, then what is actually owed is not money, but coffee. So, what is considered here is the power of the money when it is exchanged for goods. Thus, the debtor must later pay off according to the price of coffee that was made when paying it off. Although this does not rule out the possibility that the goods used as standards experience fluctuations. If it is more expensive, the debtor will pay more. Meanwhile, if it is cheaper, of course the creditor will get less. Thus, the rights of creditors are still protected. He still gets the principal property that he lends according to its value. On the other hand, the debtor has fulfilled his obligations because he has paid according to the standards set.
“Transaksi Ekonomi Modern” Multi Level Marketing dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Zikwan M
Published: October 2023

The development of the times and information technology has an impact on the activities of human life. Mualia of social politics and economics. Various models and types of transactions also accompany the times, including multi-level marketing. Multi-level marketing is a type of transaction where consumers can act as marketing by becoming a member of a company that implements a multi-level marketing sales system. Members will benefit from sales and bonuses obtained for being a member. In practice, multi-level marketing often gives the impression of a transaction that can harm other parties and is even considered a transaction full of deception. Therefore this article attempts to provide an overview of multi-level marketing transactions that are permissible in Islam. In this article the researcher uses a library approach, the main source in this research is written sources in the form of books, manuscripts, documents and others. In essence, a multi-level marketing transaction is an innovation and development of the type of buying and selling transaction, therefore a multi-level marketing transaction is a legal, syar'i transaction as long as it has the principle of not containing elements of usury, not gharar, fair transparency and so on.
The Breastfeeding with Nutritional Status Based on Toddler’s Height in Bondowoso
Authors: Prabawati Candrika Eka , J Jamhariyah , Bachri Syaiful
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The incidence of stunting in toddler in Indonesia has been above the WHO target. In Bondowoso, the prevalence of stunting in February 2019 reached 17.54% of 45,002 toddlers. Stunting is closely related to inadequate nutrition, one of which is exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of research was to determine the relationship of breastfeeding with nutritional status based on toddler’s height in Walidono Village, Prajekan District, Bondowoso Regency.
Methode: The type of research was a correlational study with a case control approach. Total population of 46 toddlers aged 24-36 months and obtained a sample of 41 toddlers with proportional random sampling technique. The instrument used questionnaires giving ASI, microtoise and z score application. Data analysis used Chi Square test and obtained the Contingency Coefficient value with the help of the SPSS 26.
Results: The results shows 51.22% of toddlers with no history of exclusive breastfeeding and 48.78% were given exclusive breastfeeding, toddler stunting 43.90% and not stunting 56.10%. The analysis results obtain  p-value of 0.039 <α (0.05), it can be concluded that H0 is rejected Ha is accepted, with a Contingency Coefficient value of 0.306 meaning that there is a relationship between breastfeeding and nutritional status based on toddler’s height in Walidono Village, Prajekan District, Bondowoso Regency.
Conclusion: Midwives are expected will increase the provision of information on exclusive breastfeeding to pregnant and breastfeeding mother in order to prevent stunting in toddler.
Analysis of Unsafe Act in the Standard Operational Procedures of Injectioning Nurses in Dr. Haryoto General Hospital, Lumajang
Authors: Faiqotul Elok
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Standard Operational Procedures are a set of instructions that have been standardized to meet certain patient needs that aim to direct nursing activities safely in carrying out medical and non-medical actions in order to improve the quality of service through the application of applicable standards.
Methode: cross-sectional research design that aims to find out whether there is an influence between the characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and work safety facilities of injecting in the application of Standard Operating Procedures for injecting techniques in efforts to prevent accidents due to needle sticks. The population in this study were 153 people with a total sample of 60 people analyzed using multiple regression.
Results: The results showed that 90% of nurses at Lumajang Hospital applied the SPO for injecting according to the multiple regression test found a significant effect between the variables of knowledge on the application of SPO for injecting with a value of ρ value 0.017 <0.05. The largest OR value obtained is 21.106 meaning that the respondent's knowledge has the opportunity 21.106 times in the application of the appropriate SPO and there is a significant influence between the variables of years of service and the application of the SPO with a ρ value of 0.025 <0.05. And the OR value of 17.739 is obtained, meaning that the respondent's tenure has 17.739 opportunities in implementing the correct SOP.
Conclusion: It is recommended that there be a firm commitment in implementing SPO as an effort to prevent work-related accidents, develop nurse knowledge through education and training in the field of work safety .
The Positive Impact of Delegation in Nursing: A Literature Review
Authors: Putri Prestasianita , Tri Afandi Alfid
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Good communication with a leader is needed in the delegation process. It is necessary to review the positive impact of delegation. This is expected so that nurses can implement delegation optimally by knowing the positive effects of delegation so that they can carry out good nursing duties and avoid overlapping assignments and late handling.
Method: Searching from textbooks, ebooks, and journals, as well as research (original research) related to the positive impact of delegation.
Results: Based on the literature review that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the positive impact of delegation in nursing can later be an opportunity for nurses to learn a lot about leadership skills and clarify the strengths and abilities of nurses to use these talents to improve management skills.
Conclusion: Based on the literature review that has been carried out, it can be concluded that there are many positive effects of delegation in nursing that can be obtained, and later it can be an opportunity for nurses to learn a lot about leadership skills, clarify the strengths and abilities of nurses to use these talents to improve management skills.
Effects of mental rotation on map representation in orienteers—behavioral and fNIRS evidence
Authors: Zhao Mingsheng , Liu Jingru , Liu Yang , Kang Pengyang
Published: October 2023

Objective

Taking orienteering as an example, this study aimed to reveal the effects of mental rotation on orienteers’ map representation and their brain processing characteristics.

Methods

Functional near-infrared spectroscopic imaging (fNIRS) was used to explore the behavioral performance and cortical oxyhemoglobin concentration changes of map-represented cognitive processing in orienteering athletes under two task conditions: normal and rotational orientation.

Results

Compared to that in the normal orientation, athletes’ task performance in the rotated orientation condition was significantly decreased, as evidenced by a decrease in correct rate and an increase in reaction time; in the normal orientation condition, blood oxygen activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe was significantly greater than that in the ventral prefrontal lobe, which was significantly correlated with the correct rate. With rotating orientation, the brain oxygen average of each region of interest was enhanced, and the brain region specifically processed was the ventral prefrontal lobe, specifically correlating with the correct rate.

Conclusions

Mental rotation constrains the map representation ability of athletes, and map representation in rotational orientation requires more functional brain activity for information processing. Ventral lateral prefrontal lobe activation plays an important role in the map representation task in rotational orientation.
Effects of sound energy on proteins and their complexes
Authors: Kozell Anna , Solomonov Aleksei , Shimanovich Ulyana
Published: October 2023

Mechanical energy in the form of ultrasound and protein complexes intuitively have been considered as two distinct unrelated topics. However, in the past few years, increasingly more attention has been paid to the ability of ultrasound to induce chemical modifications on protein molecules that further change protein–protein interaction and protein self‐assembling behavior. Despite efforts to decipher the exact structure and the behavior‐modifying effects of ultrasound on proteins, our current understanding of these aspects remains limited. The limitation arises from the complexity of both phenomena. Ultrasound produces multiple chemical, mechanical, and thermal effects in aqueous media. Proteins are dynamic molecules with diverse complexation mechanisms. This review provides an exhaustive analysis of the progress made in better understanding the role of ultrasound in protein complexation. It describes in detail how ultrasound affects an aqueous environment and the impact of each effect separately and when combined with the protein structure and fold, the protein–protein interaction, and finally the protein self‐assembly. It specifically focuses on modifying role of ultrasound in amyloid self‐assembly, where the latter is associated with multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
SolderNet: Towards trustworthy visual inspection of solder joints in electronics manufacturing using explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Gunraj Hayden , Guerrier Paul , Fernandez Sheldon , Wong Alexander
Published: October 2023

In electronics manufacturing, solder joint defects are a common problem affecting a variety of printed circuit board components. To identify and correct solder joint defects, the solder joints on a circuit board are typically inspected manually by trained human inspectors, which is a very time‐consuming and error‐prone process. To improve both inspection efficiency and accuracy, in this work, we describe an explainable deep learning‐based visual quality inspection system tailored for visual inspection of solder joints in electronics manufacturing environments. At the core of this system is an explainable solder joint defect identification system called SolderNet that we design and implement with trust and transparency in mind. While several challenges remain before the full system can be developed and deployed, this study presents important progress towards trustworthy visual inspection of solder joints in electronics manufacturing.
Solute Transport in Engineered Living Materials Using Bone‐Inspired Microscale Channel Networks
Authors: van Wijngaarden Ellen W. , Bratcher Samantha , Lewis Karl J. , Hernandez Christopher J.
Published: October 2023

Engineered living materials (ELMs) are an emerging class of materials that are synthesized and/or populated by living cells to achieve novel functionalities including self‐healing and sensing. Providing nutrients to living cells within an ELM over prolonged periods remains a major technical challenge that limits the service life of ELMs. Bone maintains living cells for decades by delivering nutrients through a network of nanoscale channels punctuated by microscale pores. Nutrient transfer in bone is enabled by mechanical loading experienced by the material during regular use. Herein, the geometric traits of the network of channels and pores that can be used in ELMs to allow mechanical loading to enable nutrient delivery to resident cell populations are identified in a manner seen in bone. Transport occurs when deformation in the microscale pore network exceeds the volume of the connecting channels. Computational models show that transport is enhanced at greater loading magnitudes and lower loading frequencies. The computational results are confirmed using experiments with microfluidic systems. In the findings, quantitative design principles are provided for channel‐pore networks capable of sustained delivery of nutrients to living cells within materials.
Controlled In Situ Foaming for Mechanical Responsiveness of Architected Foams
Authors: Golobic Alexandra M. , Bryson Taylor M. , Weisgraber Todd H. , Armas Jeremy A. , Duoss Eric B. , Wilson Thomas S. , Lenhardt Jeremy M.
Published: October 2023

Addition of chemical blowing agents to polysiloxane resins produces foams with closed‐cell morphology. Combining this chemistry with the 3D‐printing technique direct ink writing (DIW) permits the creation of architected foams with controllable, hierarchical tiers of porosity. Using a two‐component foaming ink, the extent of foaming can be controlled by incorporating an active mixing printhead as part of the fabrication process. Changes in the mixing speed allows for in situ control of the foaming reaction where the mixing speed is directly correlated with the resulting foaming that occurs upon extrusion. These architected foams display tunable mechanical responses, porosities, and open‐to‐closed cell ratios. While chemically blown polysiloxane foam is a well‐established material, utilizing DIW as fabrication technique presents a novel approach for creating tailored, architected foams that require minimal post‐processing.
Silver Nanowire Reinforced Conductive and Injectable Colloidal Gel for Effective Wound Healing Via Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Du Yaxin , Yan Xu , Chen Sheng , Zha Zhengbao , Wu Wenshu , Song Yonghong , Wu Yadong , Li Kangkang , Liu Xingyu , Lu Yang
Published: October 2023

The remarkable biocapacity, injectability, and adaptability of colloidal gels lead to their widespread use in tissue engineering as irregular defect implants. However, multifunctionalities including electroconductivity and antibacterial property are highly required for colloidal gels. In addition, the inherently weak mechanical property of physically crosslinked colloidal gels limits their application. Herein, Ag nanowires (Ag NWs)‐reinforced colloidal gels composed of biocompatible gelatin nanoparticles and polydopamine‐modified Ag NWs through the controlled electrostatic assembly, which are injectable and conductive, are presented. 1D Ag NWs can significantly improve the mechanical and electrical properties of the colloidal gel while maintaining its inherent excellent injectability. Owing to the network of Ag NWs, the storage modulus and conductivity of the optimized Ag NW colloidal gel are 7.5 and 13 times higher, respectively, than those of the colloidal gel made up of polydopamine‐modified Ag nanoparticles with equivalent Ag concentration. Further, this Ag NW colloidal gel can adapt to sharp wounds on skin, which accelerates the healing of an MRSA‐infected wound via electrical stimulation.
Macrophage Membrane‐Camouflaged Aggregation‐Induced Emission Nanoparticles Enhance Photodynamic‐Immunotherapy to Delay Postoperative Tumor Recurrence
Authors: Meng Zijuan , Wang Tingting , Hu Yuxin , Ouyang Hanzhi , Wang Quan , Wu Meng , Zhou Jian , Lou Xiaoding , Wang Shixuan , Dai Jun , Xia Fan
Published: October 2023

Surgery is a traditional tumor treatment, and immunotherapy can reduce the postoperative recurrence of tumors. However, the intrinsic limits of low responsive rate and non‐tumor specificity of immunotherapy agents are still insufficient to address therapeutic demands. Herein, the macrophages membrane camouflaged nanoparticles (NPs), named M@PFC, consisting of the aggregation‐induced emission photosensitizer (PF3‐PPh3) and immune adjuvant (CpG), are reported. As the protein on the membrane interacts with the vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) of cancer cells, M@PFC efficiently transports CpG to the tumor. Meanwhile, M@PFC can evade clearance by the immune system and prolong the circulation time in vivo; thus, enhancing their accumulation in tumors. PF3‐PPh3 promotes high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers immune cell death (ICD) in tumor cells under light exposure. Importantly, CpG enrichment in tumors can stimulate tumor cells to produce immune factors to assist in enhancing ICD effects. The synergistic effect combining the PDT properties of the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active photosensitizer and immunotherapy properties of CpG significantly delays tumor recurrence after surgery. In conclusion, this strategy achieves the synergistic activation of the immune system for anti‐tumor activity, providing a novel paradigm for the development of therapeutic nanodrugs to delay postoperative tumor recurrence.
A chiral spirofluorene‐embedded multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter for efficient pure‐green circularly polarized electroluminescence
Authors: Luo Xu‐Feng , Song Shi‐Quan , Wu Xueying , Yip Ching‐Fai , Cai Songliang , Zheng You‐Xuan
Published: October 2023

The simultaneous achievement of chiral multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters with narrowband and circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) poses a challenge. Herein, a MR‐TADF emitter, Spiro‐BNCz, embedding spirofluorene structure was developed and chiral separated, whose emission peaks at 528 nm in toluene with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.26, 0.69). The conjugation extension caused by embedding sulfur substituted spirofluorene on B/N framework shortens the singlet‐triplet energy gap and increases spin‐orbital coupling matrix element. Therefore, a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate constant of 2.8 × 106 s−1 and a high photoluminescence efficiency of 92% in film were achieved. The organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency of 32.3%. Particularly, the circularly polarized OLEDs based on Spiro‐BNCz enantiomers show symmetric CPEL with dissymmetry factors (|gEL|) ≈ 10−3.
Future–present relationship insensitivity: A new perspective on psychological myopia and psychological hyperopia
Authors: Wei Sarah , Hsee Christopher K.
Published: October 2023

How much joy versus pain people choose to experience for the present often inversely affects how much joy versus pain they will experience in the future. Do people make choices that maximize their overall happiness? Prior research suggests that people are generally myopic (i.e., over‐choosing joy for the present). We suggest that the prior research may have biasedly focused only on situations in which the future is more important than the present. Rather, people are generally insufficiently sensitive to the relative importance of the present versus the future. When the future is more important than the present, people over‐choose joy for the present, thus appearing myopic, but when the future is less important than the present, people under‐choose joy for the present, thus appearing hyperopic. Six experiments (along with a reason‐exploration study) demonstrate our propositions and show that forcing or nudging people to choose less (more) joy for the present when the future is more (less) important increases their overall happiness. This research challenges the popular view that people are generally myopic, and supports emerging research showing that people are generally situation‐insensitive and can exhibit seemingly opposite biases (e.g., myopia and hyperopia) in different situations.
Bioinformatics analysis of human kallikrein 5 (KLK5) expression in metaplastic triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Song Yue , Bai Guiying , Li Xiaoqing , Zhou Liyan , Si Yiran , Liu Xiaohui , Deng Yilin , Shi Yehui
Published: October 2023

Background

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare breast cancer subtype; most cases are triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and are poorly responsive to conventional systemic therapy. Few potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for distinguishing between metaplastic TNBC and nonmetaplastic TNBC have been discovered. We performed bioinformatic analysis to explore the underlying mechanism by which metaplastic TNBC differs from nonmetaplastic TNBC and provides potential pathogenic genes of metaplastic TNBC.

Methods

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in metaplastic tumors and nonmetaplastic tumors from TNBC patients were screened using GSE165407. The GSE76275 data set and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to screen DEGs in TNBC and non‐TNBC. Metascape and DAVID were used for the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs. Online databases, including UALCAN, GEPIA, HPA, Breast Cancer Gene‐Expression Miner, and quantitative PCR and western blot, were used to examine KLK5 messenger RNA and protein expression in breast cancer. Analysis of KLK5‑associated genes was performed with TCGA data, and the LinkedOmics database was used to detect the genes co‐expressed with KLK5. STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes) and Cytoscape were used to screen for hub genes. Kaplan‑Meier plotter was used for survival analysis.

Results

KLK5 was identified among the DEGs in nonmetaplastic TNBC and metaplastic TNBC. The KLK5 gene was overexpressed in nonmetaplastic TNBC but downregulated in metaplastic TNBC. KEGG and GO analyses revealed that epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition was a pathogenic mechanism in metaplastic TNBC and an important pathway by which KLK5 and its associated genes DSG1 and DSG3 influence metaplastic TNBC progression. Prognosis analysis showed that only low expression of KLK5 in metaplastic TNBC had clinical significance.

Conclusion

Our research indicated that KLK5 may be a pivotal molecule with a key role in the mechanism of tumorigenesis in metaplastic TNBC.
Consequence of head‐on collision and double‐layer soliton with linear analysis in multi‐component dusty plasmas
Authors: Imon Umma , Alam M. S.
Published: October 2023

The unmagnetized multicomponent collisional dusty plasmas have been considered to investigate the consequence of head‐on collision of dust‐ion‐acoustic waves (DIAWs) with nonlinear characteristic analysis of DIAWs and collisionless plasmas have been considered for studying the production of double layer (DL). The plasma system consists of positively charged ion fluid, negatively charged cold dust fluid, thermal electrons, q‐nonextensive electrons, and immobile background neutral particles. The extended Poincaré‐Lighthill‐Kuo (ePLK) method has been used to derive two‐sided damped Korteweg–De Vries (dKdV) equations and the reductive perturbation method has been used to derive modified KdV (mKdV) equation and the standard Gardner equation (SGE). Linear dispersion relation is derived using linear perturbation technique. The nonlinear propagation of DIA Gardner solitons (DIAGSs) and double layers (DLs) as well as phase shifts have been investigated for the effects of the concerned parameters. It is found that the DIA soliton structures are significantly modified by the species densities, dust mass, and superextensive parameter. The rarefactive dip shape solitary Gardner solitons become produced for the effects of concerned parameters and the positive (negative) DLs become produced in the range of () for the effect of temperatures on the species. The superextensive and the subextensive parameters of electrons significantly affect the DL soliton structures.
Simple proxies of insulin resistance identify obese metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease subjects with advanced liver disease
Authors: Petralli Giovanni , Salvati Antonio , Tricò Domenico , Ricco Gabriele , Colombatto Piero , Brunetto Maurizia Rossana , Solini Anna
Published: October 2023

Aims

Insulin resistance (IR) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Metabolic dysfunction‐Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), which can progress to liver fibrosis. We examined the relationship of different IR scores with markers of MAFLD severity in obese individuals.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective observational study, 346 non‐diabetic, overweight/obese individuals with newly diagnosed MAFLD (age 50.2 ± 13.3 years, 34% females, BMI 30.8 ± 4.4 kg/m2) underwent liver stiffness (LS) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurements by Fibroscan® to assess liver fibrosis and steatosis. Biochemical data were collected to calculate surrogate markers of IR (Homoeostasis model assessment ‐ insulin resistance index [HOMA‐IR], triglyceride‐glucose index, triglyceride by HDL ratio), liver fibrosis (Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases fibrosis score, fibrosis‐4 score, Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index) and steatosis (fatty liver index, hepatic steatosis index).

Results

All three IR scores were associated with CAP, while only HOMA‐IR positively correlated with LS (r = 0.275, p < 0.0001), independent of age and sex, BMI, transaminases, and fibrosis markers. Insulin‐resistant individuals (HOMA‐IR >2.5, n = 165) had higher liver enzymes, CAP and LS, with a 4‐fold increased risk of severe liver disease (LS >9.7 kPa, OR 4.42[1.95–10.01], p = 0.0002). Among HOMA‐IR components, fasting plasma insulin (FPI) was independently associated with LS (r = 0.270, p < 0.0001). ROC AUC for HOMA‐IR and FPI to predict severe liver disease were virtually identical (0.748 and 0.758, respectively).

Conclusions

HOMA‐IR is independently associated with non‐invasive markers of MAFLD severity in overweight/obese individuals. This relationship is largely mediated by hyperinsulinemia, regardless of BMI. Measuring insulin levels in MAFLD individuals might be useful to identify those at risk of liver fibrosis.
Non‐coding RNAs in diabetic foot ulcer‐ a focus on infected wounds
Authors: Qin Boquan , Peng Qi , Dong Hongxian , Lei Lei , Wu Shizhou
Published: October 2023

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a wide range of neuropathies, vasculopathies, and immunopathies, resulting in many complications. More than 30% of diabetic patients risk developing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play essential roles in various biological functions in the hyperglycaemic environment that determines the development of DFU. Ulceration results in tissue breakdown and skin barrier scavenging, thereby facilitating bacterial infection and biofilm formation. Many bacteria contribute to diabetic foot infection (DFI), including Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) et al. A heterogeneous group of “ncRNAs,” termed small RNAs (sRNAs), powerfully regulates biofilm formation and DFI healing. Multidisciplinary foot care interventions have been identified for nonhealing ulcers. With an appreciation of the link between disease processes and ncRNAs, a novel therapeutic model of bioactive materials loaded with ncRNAs has been developed to prevent and manage diabetic foot complications.
Spatially and temporally explicit environmental drivers of fawn recruitment in a native ungulate
Authors: Gese Eric M. , Bleke Cole A. , Atwood Paul , Roberts Shane B. , Terletzky Patricia A.
Published: October 2023

Recruitment is one of the fundamental drivers of ungulate population dynamics. Recruitment of neonates into an ungulate population can be influenced by a wide range of abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic factors. Our objective was to examine which environmental variables most influenced pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) fawn recruitment, as measured by fawn:doe ratios, across six subpopulations in Idaho spanning 35 years (1984–2018) of herd composition surveys. Using a retrospective analysis, we examined the influence of precipitation, minimum and maximum temperatures, Palmer drought severity, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), vegetation, and elevation across five biological time periods of interest (one and two months pre‐parturition, one and two months post‐parturition, and breeding). Environmental factors, especially the variance in the greenness of vegetation (i.e., NDVI) during the two months post‐parturition (during lactation), were the main drivers of fawn recruitment for subpopulations occupying mountain valleys. Pronghorn fawn recruitment in these mountain valleys was dependent on the condition of the lactating female as influenced by the quality of vegetation, which would subsequently influence fawn growth rates. In contrast, pronghorn recruitment at lower elevations was driven by several environmental variables (i.e., NDVI, drought severity, minimum and maximum temperatures, forb, and grass cover) during the month pre‐parturition. Environmental variables at lower elevations were influencing the condition of the female during gestation which, if favorable, would result in higher birth weights and subsequent increased fawn survival. At intermediate elevation sites, results were mixed with fawn recruitment at one site influenced by low temperatures, which could induce hypothermia in fawns, while recruitment at the other site was influenced by drought severity during gestation (two months pre‐parturition). Influence of these environmental variables was also related to the timing of pronghorn arriving at the high elevation sites (i.e., arriving just prior to fawning); hence, effects were predominantly post‐parturition. In contrast, low elevation sites either had resident pronghorn or earlier arrival; thereby, effects on fawn recruitment were mostly from pre‐parturition variables. Given the range of environmental factors influencing pronghorn subpopulations, managers will need to consider the timing, intensity, and variability of environmental conditions as conditions were spatially and temporally explicit.
Geographic patterns of dental service use in the Child Dental Benefits Schedule: 6 years of claims in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Authors: Stormon Nicole , Do Loc , Hopcraft Matthew , Sexton Christopher
Published: October 2023

Issue Addressed

This article explores the geographic patterns of claims within the Australian Government's Child Dental Benefits Schedule (CDBS).

Background

The CDBS is a means‐tested schedule implemented in 2014 to improve access to dental services for children. Under the schedule, eligible children receive funding to subsidise dental services.

Methods

This study used data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children and linked data from the Medicare universal healthcare system, to examine dental service use amongst a subset of children aged 10 and 14 years. Dental service items were classified using Two‐step Cluster Analysis, and appointments were analysed using multinomial logistic regression. Geographic characteristics were included as predictor variables.

Results

The study found that the majority of dental appointments were non‐operative (70.7%, n = 5808), with diagnostic, radiographic, and preventive items being the most common. There were slightly higher proportions of operative appointments (fillings and extractions) compared with non‐operative appointments in remote and very remote areas, low socio‐economic areas, and Queensland and Northern Territory. Cluster analysis identified eight groups of non‐operative appointments and four groups of operative appointments. New South Wales had a higher proportion of ‘prophylactic IV’ appointments than any other State and Territory, which included debridement and topical fluoride services.

Conclusion

Cluster analysis identified distinct groups of non‐operative and operative appointments, each with unique characteristics. The distribution of appointments varied by State/Territory and region.

So What

Further research and interventions are needed to ensure equitable access to services and a shift to preventive care for disadvantaged populations of Australian children. Exploring alternative funding models that support clinically relevant claims, rather than maximising financial benefits such as time‐based renumeration models should be explored.
Linguistic Relativity in Creative Thought: How Divergent Thinking in Response to Motion Events is Influenced by Satellite‐ and Verb‐Framed Languages
Authors: Mai Thu Anh , de Rooij Alwin
Published: October 2023

Human creativity and ingenuity partly depend on divergent thinking – the ability to generate many varied, original, and elaborate responses. Prior research has found ample evidence of an effect of cognitive factors, including the organization of semantic networks and associative ability, on divergent thinking. Less is known, however, about how the language we speak shapes this relationship. Specifically, the linguistic relativity hypothesis stresses the influence of a linguistic variation on structural semantic representations that are essential for generating associations. To address this open scientific problem, an experiment with several tasks was conducted (n = 122). The category discrimination task replicated the linguistic relativity effect of satellite‐framed (e.g., English) versus verb‐framed languages (e.g., Spanish), by showing how English monolinguals, when exposed to motion events, were more attentive to the manner of motion than Spanish monolinguals. The free association task showed, in the same sample, that divergent thinking in response to motion events led English monolinguals to generate more elaborate responses than Spanish monolinguals. Linguistic relativity mediated this effect. No effect was found on the number, diversity, or originality of the responses. These findings contribute new insights into the relationship between linguistic relativity and divergent thinking in response to motion events.
Tunable Hairy and Crew‐Cut Supermicelles from Poly(N‐octyl glycine)‐Based Diblock Copolymer via a Hierarchical Assembly Strategy
Authors: Liu Hao , Ding Xiangmin , Liu Tianli , Sun Jing
Published: October 2023

Fabrication of hierarchical superstructures by utilizing bioinspired polymeric materials shows great potential that has attracted considerable attention. A new hierarchical assembly approach has been developed to fabricate supramolecular structures in a one‐pot preparation from crystallizable polypeptoids‐based block copolymers. Herein, both hairy and crew‐cut supermicelles are reported by systematically tuning the temperature and solvent from a series of poly(ethylene glycol)112‐block‐poly(N‐octylglycine)n (PEG112‐b‐PNOGn) with different degrees of polymerization of PNOG. The incorporation of a third polar component poly(N‐allylglycine)‐graft‐COOH (PNAG‐g‐COOH) into the amphiphilic diblock copolymers can promote the formation of crew‐cut supermicelles owing to enhanced intermolecular interactions. It is demonstrated that both surface energy and crystallization energy are of great importance for the preparation of different types of supermicelles.
Co‐targeting FAK and Gli1 inhibits the tumor‐associated macrophages‐released CCL22‐mediated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma malignancy
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhu Yanmeng , Zhao Di , Zhang Lingyuan , Zhang Jing , Xiao Yuanfan , Wu Qingnan , Wang Yan , Zhan Qimin
Published: October 2023

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a frequently seen esophageal tumor type in China. Activation of signaling proteins and relevant molecular mechanisms in ESCC are partially explored, impairing the antitumor efficiency of targeted therapy in ESCC treatment. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs)‐released C‐C motif chemokine 22 (CCL22) can activate intratumoral focal adhesion kinase (FAK), thus promoting the progression of ESCC. Here, we demonstrated that highly secreted CCL22 by TAMs (CCL22‐positive TAMs) induced ESCC cell stemness and invasion through facilitating transcriptional activity of intratumoral glioma‐associated oncogene 1 (Gli1), a downstream effector for Hedgehog (HH) pathway. Mechanistically, FAK‐activated protein kinase B (AKT) mediated Gli1 phosphorylation at its Ser112/Thr115/Ser116 sites and released Gli1 from suppressor of fused homolog, the endogenous inhibitor of Gli1 to activate downstream stemness‐associated factors, such as SRY‐box transcription factor 2 (SOX2), Nanog homeobox (Nanog), or POU class 5 homeobox (OCT4). Furthermore, inhibition of FAK activity by VS‐4718, the FAK inhibitor, enhanced antitumor effect of GDC‐0449, the HH inhibitor, both in xenografted models and in vitro assays. Clinically, CCL22/Gli1 axis is used to evaluate ESCC prognosis. Overall, our study establishes the communication of FAK with HH pathway and offers the novel mechanism related to Gli1 activation independent of Smoothened as well as the rationale for the anti‐ESCC combination treatment.
The impact of cottonseed meal condition on water quality, zooplankton densities, and sunshine bass production when used as an organic fertilizer in ponds
Authors: Prangnell David I. , Norris Bryan J. , Fontana Ryan R. , Fitzpatrick Mignon D.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Cottonseed meal is applied to sunshine bass (female White Bass Morone chrysops × male Striped Bass M. saxatilis) fry rearing ponds as an organic fertilizer to stimulate plankton development. The efficacy of cottonseed meal as a fertilizer following long-term storage and degradation is unknown. The use of degraded and undegraded cottonseed meal were compared during the production of sunshine bass fingerlings in lined 0.4-ha ponds.

Methods

Filling ponds were fertilized repeatedly between 13 days before and 6 days after fry stocking, and water quality, zooplankton, and 41–48-day fingerling production were monitored. Adequate phytoplankton and zooplankton densities were maintained using cottonseed meal of both conditions.

Result

Cottonseed meal condition had no significant impact on any fish production metric. The degraded cottonseed meal appeared to release nitrogen more readily as indicated by higher prestocking NH3-N concentrations. Higher nutrient availability likely stimulated primary productivity at a faster rate, leading to higher dissolved oxygen, pH, and zooplankton densities during the first half of the pond cycle. The ponds fertilized with degraded cottonseed meal required more intensive water quality management to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen and pH for sunshine bass fry. However, poststocking water quality parameters were within species tolerance ranges.

Conclusion

The study confirmed that degraded cottonseed meal can be used as an organic fertilizer in sunshine bass fry rearing ponds without compromising fingerling production, provided ponds are managed appropriately.
Effect of replacing fish meal with chicken gut meal on growth, immune parameters, and metabolism of juvenile Fat Greenling Hexagrammos otakii
Authors: Gu Yixin , Peng Tingting , Sun Qian , Dai Qianliang , Wei Yanchao , Hua Wenyuan , Wang Yue , Chen Bojin , Xue Zhuang , Wang Wei
Published: October 2023

Objective

Chicken gut meal (CGM) is reasonably priced and rich in nutrients and can become a new source of protein in the diets of major aquatic products, such as fish and shrimp.

Methods

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to comprehensively investigate the beneficial effects of CGM on juvenile Fat Greenling Hexagrammos otakii. Juveniles (1.58 ± 0.06 g [mean ± SE]) were fed with different levels of CGM in replacement of fish meal (FM) in the basal diet: 0% (CGM0), 25% (CGM25), 50% (CGM50), 75% (CGM75), and 100% (CGM100) replacement, representing a dietary CGM level of up to 40 g/kg.

Result

The results showed that the percent weight gain; specific growth rate; feeding rate; feed conversion ratio; hepatosomatic index; and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, and lipid were significantly improved among the experimental groups. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased in the CGM25 and CGM50 groups, respectively. The activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased in the CGM75 and CGM100 groups. Triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly increased in the CGM50 and CGM75 groups, respectively. Fish in the CGM100 and CGM75 groups had significantly higher activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase than the control. Moreover, the relative expression levels of the fatty acid synthase and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha genes were significantly increased in the CGM75 and CGM100 groups, while the gene expression levels of hormone-sensitive lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha were significantly decreased.

Conclusion

In summary, the optimal replacement level of FM with CGM was shown by curve equation analysis to be 61.30%, and their dosages were 24.52 and 15.48 g/kg, respectively.
Gafftopsail Catfish in Texas estuaries: Population trends and ecosystem implications
Authors: Cates Lydia , Hale Stephen , Olsen Zachary
Published: October 2023

Objective

Given the limited information on population dynamics of Gafftopsail Catfish Bagre marinus in the western Gulf of Mexico, the objectives of this study were to determine the status of this species in Texas estuaries by assessing trends in relative abundance, length, and habitat preferences from fishery-independent trawl (juvenile) and gill-net (adult) data, as well as angler harvest trends from fishery-dependent creel surveys collected in all Texas estuaries.

Methods

Fishery-independent and -dependent monitoring data were collected by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department in all major bay systems of the Texas coast from 1983 to 2022. Linear trend analysis was used to assess trends across the full time series and all major bay systems for both juvenile and adult specimens and for total recreational harvest. Boosted regression tree analysis was used to assess habitat preference for both juveniles and adults.

Result

Both juvenile and adult catch rates consistently increased in most Texas estuaries, with the most extreme increases occurring in central Texas coast estuaries beginning in the early 2000s. During the same time frame, mean lengths of adult specimens significantly decreased in many of the same estuaries. Habitat suitability analysis suggested that Gafftopsail Catfish were primarily influenced by salinity, though they still exist across a very broad range of salinity conditions. Angler catch rates showed some localized patterns of increasing or decreasing trends, though they generally did not follow fishery-independent trends for most estuaries.

Conclusion

These trends interpreted in the context of the known trophic role of Gafftopsail Catfish imply the potential for larger ecosystem-level effects on both prey organisms and competitors. A more thorough awareness of these trends and potential interactions should help fisheries managers operate in an ecosystem-based context when investigating population dynamics and recommending management strategies.
Transcranial direct current stimulation for fatigue in neurological conditions: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Jagadish Akhila , Shankaranarayana Apoorva M. , Natarajan Manikandan , Solomon John M.
Published: October 2023

Background and Purpose

Fatigue following neurological conditions negatively impacts daily activities, reducing overall quality of life. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for fatigue management is still underexplored. This scoping review explores its use in managing fatigue among various neurological conditions.

Methods

A thorough literature search was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest, and the Cochrane Library. Google Scholar and clinicaltrials.gov were manually searched for gray literature and ongoing trials, respectively. Regardless of the study design, all studies utilizing tDCS for the management of fatigue in various neurological conditions were considered. Two reviewers independently screened all the studies, following which the data were retrieved.

Results

Studies employing tDCS for fatigue management across neurological conditions is as follows: Multiple sclerosis (MS) (n = 28, 66%), stroke (n = 5, 12%), Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 4, 10%), post‐polio syndrome (PPS) (n = 2, 5%), traumatic brain injury (TBI) (n = 2, 5%), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 1, 2%). All the studies used anodal stimulation, with the common stimulation site being the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for MS, stroke, and PD. A stimulation intensity of 1.0–4.0 mA with a duration ranging from 15 to 30 min in 1 to 24 sessions were commonly reported. The Fatigue Severity Scale (n = 21) and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (n = 17) were frequently implemented outcome measures. Regardless of the study design, 36/42 (85.7%) studies reported an improvement in fatigue scores in the tDCS group. The common adverse events noted were tingling (n = 8, 35%), headache (n = 6, 26%), and itching (n = 6, 26%).

Discussion

Application of tDCS for fatigue was explored in individuals with stroke, PD, PPS, and TBI after MS. Even though a wide range of treatment parameters and outcome measures were adopted to assess and target fatigue, tDCS proves to have a promising role in alleviating this symptom.