bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The real Bigfoot: a pes from Wyoming, USA is the largest sauropod pes ever reported and the northern-most occurrence of brachiosaurids in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation
Authors: Maltese Anthony , Tschopp Emanuel , Holwerda Femke , Burnham David
Published: July 2018

A set of associated left pedal elements of a sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in Weston County, Wyoming, is described here. Several camarasaurids, a nearly complete small brachiosaur, and a small diplodocid have been found at this locality, but none match the exceptionally large size of the pedal elements. Next to the associated pedal elements, an isolated astragalus, phalanx and ungual were found, which match the large metatarsals in size. The elements cannot be ascribed to diplodocids due to the lack of a ventral process of metatarsal I. Moreover, the morphology of metatarsal V has a broad proximal end, with a long and narrow distal shaft, which differs fromCamarasaurus. The size of the material and a medially beveled distal articular surface of metatarsal IV imply an identification as a brachiosaurid. This is the largest pes ever reported from a sauropod dinosaur and represents the first confirmed pedal brachiosaur elements from the Late Jurassic of North America. Furthermore, this brachiosaur material (the pes and the small nearly complete specimen) is the northernmost occurrence of brachiosaurids in the Morrison Formation.
Absence of heterosis in hybrid crested newts
Authors: Arntzen Jan W. , Üzüm Nazan , Ajduković Maja D. , Ivanović Ana , Wielstra Ben
Published: July 2018

Relationships between phylogenetic relatedness, hybrid zone spatial structure, the amount of interspecific gene flow and population demography were investigated, with the newt genusTriturusas a model system. In earlier work, a bimodal hybrid zone of two distantly related species combined low interspecific gene flow with hybrid sterility and heterosis was documented. Apart from that, a suite of unimodal hybrid zones in closely relatedTriturusshowed more or less extensive introgressive hybridization with no evidence for heterosis. We here report on population demography and interspecific gene flow in twoTriturusspecies (T. macedonicusandT. ivanbureschiin Serbia). These are two that are moderately related, engage in a heterogeneous uni-/bimodal hybrid zone and hence represent an intermediate situation. This study used 13 diagnostic nuclear genetic markers in a population at the species contact zone. This showed that all individuals were hybrids, with no parentals detected. Age, size and longevity and the estimated growth curves are not exceeding that of the parental species, so that we conclude the absence of heterosis inT. macedonicus–T. ivanbureschi. Observations across the genus support the hypothesis that fertile hybrids allocate resources to reproduction and infertile hybrids allocate resources to growth. SeveralTriturusspecies hybrid zones not yet studied allow the testing of this hypothesis.
Particulate matter collection by honey bees (Apis mellifera, L.) near to a cement factory in Italy
Authors: Pellecchia Marco , Negri Ilaria
Published: July 2018

Industrial activities play a key role in the economic well-being of a country but they usually involve processes with a more or less profound environmental impact, including emission of pollutants. Among them, much attention has been given to airborne particulate matter (PM) whose exposure is ubiquitous and linked with several adverse health effects mainly due to its size and chemical composition. Therefore, there is a strong need to exploit monitoring systems for airborne PM able to provide accurate information on the potential health hazards and the specific emission sources for the implementation of adequate control strategies. The honey bee (Apis mellifera, L.) is widely used as an indicator of environmental pollution: this social hymenopteran strongly interacts with vegetables, air, soil, and water surrounding the hive and, as a consequence, pollutants from these sources are translated to the insect and to the hive products. During the wide-ranging foraging activity, the forager bee is known to collect samples of the main airborne PM pollutants emitted from different sources and therefore it can be used as an efficient PM sampler. In the present research, PM contaminating forager bees living nearby a cement factory and several kilometers away from it has been analysed and characterised morphologically, dimensionally and chemically through SEM/EDX. This provided detailed information on the role of both the cement manufacturing activities and the vehicular traffic as sources of airborne PM. This may indeed help the implementation of appropriate preventive and corrective actions that would effectively minimize the environmental spread of pollutant PM not only in areas close to the plant, but also in more distant areas.
Long-term evolution of preferences for conservation projects in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan: a comprehensive analytic framework
Authors: Uehara Takuro , Tsuge Takahiro , Ota Takahiro
Published: July 2018

Background

The long-term evolution of preferences for nature is crucial to conservation projects, given their targeted long-term horizons. Neglecting to account for this evolution could lead to undesirable human–nature relationships. This study compares the willingness to pay (WTP) for three coastal conservation projects in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, at two distant time points (1998 and 2015), and tests for temporal transferability. It also compares protest responses that are often overlooked in WTP practices, regardless of their utility for conservation projects.

Methods

Given the lack of a unanimous protocol for protest response analyses and their use in estimating WTP, we propose a comprehensive analytic framework that integrates the two.

Results

We show that, while preferences for coastal ecosystem services were overall stable and temporarily transferable, the preferences for certain aspects of conservation projects considerably changed.

Discussion

This suggests the need to reconsider the projects’ scheme, not the ecosystem services themselves, along with the clarification of beneficiaries and those responsible for past destruction. We conclude by suggesting further studies with a focus on regions experiencing significant social-ecological changes, such as developing countries, by exploiting the rich asset of existing valuations. This could contribute to the database for more temporal-sensitive ecosystem service valuations utilized for benefit transfers.
Total IVC Occlusion as an Unusual Cause of Acute Renal Failure After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: Rebel Annette , Duling Laura C. , Maynard Erin C. , Crisp Tyler A. , Hassan Zaki-Udin
Published: July 2018

Renal dysfunction before and after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has significant implications for morbidity and mortality of these patients. We describe the management of a 72-year-old male patient with history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis (MELD 38) undergoing OLT. The patient presented with declining renal function prior to OLT (baseline GFR <25 mL/min) due to diuretic therapy for refractory ascites, hypovolemia postgastrointestinal bleed, and possible hepatorenal syndrome. The intraoperative management was complicated by preexisting anemia (hematocrit, 22%), unusual RBC antibody (anti-JKa) and significant surgical blood loss. To achieve surgical hemostasis, temporary clamping of the inferior vena cava (IVC) caudal to the transplanted liver was necessary. Postoperatively, the patient remained anuric despite appropriate fluid resuscitation. Renal replacement therapy was initiated to balance volume and acid-base status. A venogram on postoperative day (POD) 5 indicated a complete IVC occlusion and caval thrombectomy was performed on POD 6. After restoration of venous renal drainage, renal function improved and renal replacement therapy was weaned. Renal function indicators normalized in 8 weeks, and remained unimpaired up to 3 months post-OLT. Unintended complete obstruction of the suprarenal IVC may occur during OLT to control surgical bleeding, and should be considered as a cause for acute renal failure after liver transplant. Despite the preexisting renal dysfunction, renal function quickly improved after restoration of blood flow drainage and normalized in less than 8 weeks post obstruction.
O Pensamento de Monique Wittig
Authors: Grossi Miriam Pillar
Published: July 2018

Esta entrevista foi pensada para a realização da videoaula sobre Monique Wittig para o curso de extensão à distância Pensamento Lésbico Contemporâneo (UFBA, 2017). As perguntas estavam formuladas para que a antropóloga Miriam Pillar Grossi respondesse sobre a conjuntura da França e o pensamento de Monique Wittig, mas não foi preciso, pois a autora já deu toda a aula, sem qualquer intervenção.
(Inter) AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS: Formação de professores para a decolonização do conhecimento
Authors: Bruno Jessica Santana , Nascimento Cláudio Orlando Costa do
Published: July 2018

O diálogo aqui proposto visa discutir os processos de continuidade da colonização na esfera epistemológica e as vinculações dessa realidade à formação dos indivíduos de grupos sociais historicamente marginalizados (negras/os, indígenas, oriundas/os de bairros periféricos, pequenas cidades do interior) que atualmente estão acessando as Universidades a partir das políticas e ações afirmativas. A nova realidade dessas Instituições evidencia a necessidade de estratégias de formação que atendam as necessidades de transformação, que altere suas ações de maneira a acolher e afiliar essas/esses novas/os estudantes. Nesse sentido, este estudo apresenta abordagens de caminhos epistemológicos apontados por intelectuais engajados nos movimentos de transformações sociais, visando contribuir para a construção de processos formativos emancipatórios, a partir das teorias decoloniais que refletem as continuidades e as descontinuidades das relações coloniais imperiais na estrutura sociocultural, com um olhar mais aprofundado para as Universidades e as epistemologias produzidas e reproduzidas nos currículos e formações nessas instituições.
Feminismos desde Abya Yala: Ideas y proposiciones de las mujeres de 607 pueblos en nuestra América, de Francesca Gargallo
Authors: Bascur Molina Valentina Paz
Published: July 2018

Resenha do livro Feminismos desde Abya Yala: Ideas y proposiciones de las mujeres de 607 pueblos en nuestra América, da escritora feminista Francesca Gargallo, como resultado de uma extensa investigação realizada a partir dos encontros e diálogos estabelecidos com mulheres indígenas de diversos povos da América Latina
Pre‐amyloid stage of Alzheimer's disease in cognitively normal individuals
Authors: Tijms Betty M. , Vermunt Lisa , Zwan Marissa D. , van Harten Argonde C. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Scheltens Philip , Visser Pieter Jelle ,   for ADNI
Published: July 2018

Objective

To study risk factors for decreasing aβ1–42 concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cognitively unimpaired individuals with initially normal amyloid and tau markers, and to investigate whether such aβ1–42 decreases are associated with subsequent decline in cognition and other biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Methods

Cognitively normal subjects (n = 83, 75 ± 5 years, 35(42%) female) with normal CSF aβ1–42 and tau and repeated CSF sampling were selected from ADNI. Subject level slopes of aβ1–42 decreases were estimated with mixed models. We tested associations of baseline APP processing markers (BACE1 activity, aβ1–40, aβ1–38 and sAPPβ) and decreasing aβ1–42 levels by including an interaction term between time and APP marker. Associations between decreasing aβ1–42 levels and clinical decline (i.e., progression to mild cognitive impairment or dementia, MMSE, memory functioning) and biological decline (tau, hippocampal volume, glucose processing and amyloid PET) over a time period of 8–10 years were assessed.

Results

Aβ1–42 levels decreased annually with −4.6 ± 1 pg/mL. Higher baseline BACE1 activity (β(se) = −0.06(0.03), P < 0.05), aβ1–40 (β(se)= −0.11(.03), P < 0.001), and aβ1–38 levels (β(se) = −0.11(0.03), P < 0.001) predicted faster decreasing aβ1–42. The fastest tertile of decreasing aβ1–42 rates was associated with subsequent pathophysiological processes: 11(14%) subjects developed abnormal amyloid levels after 3 ± 1.7 years, showed increased risk for clinical progression (Hazard Ratio[95CI] = 4.8[1.1–21.0]), decreases in MMSE, glucose metabolism and hippocampal volume, and increased CSF tau and amyloid aggregation on PET (all P < 0.05).

Interpretation

Higher APP processing and fast decreasing aβ1–42 could be among the earliest, pre‐amyloid, pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease.
Radical C−H‐Amination of Heteroarenes using Dual Initiation by Visible Light and Iodine
Authors: Lucchetti Nicola , Tkacheva Anastasia , Fantasia Serena , Muñiz Kilian
Published: July 2018

A novel light‐induced C−H amination of heteroarenes can be accomplished with preformed iodine(III) reagents as the combined oxidant and nitrogen source. The reaction requires the use of a small amount of molecular iodine, which under photochemical activation generates in situ an iodine(I) reagent as the initiator of the radical amination reaction. A total of 32 examples exemplify the broad scope of the transformation.

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A Modular Assembly of Spinal Cord–Like Tissue Allows Targeted Tissue Repair in the Transected Spinal Cord
Authors: Lai Bi‐Qin , Feng Bo , Che Ming‐Tian , Wang Lai‐Jian , Cai Song , Huang Meng‐Yao , Gu Huai‐Yu , Jiang Bing , Ling Eng‐Ang , Li Meng , Zeng Xiang , Zeng Yuan‐Shan
Published: July 2018

Tissue engineering–based neural construction holds promise in providing organoids with defined differentiation and therapeutic potentials. Here, a bioengineered transplantable spinal cord–like tissue (SCLT) is assembled in vitro by simulating the white matter and gray matter composition of the spinal cord using neural stem cell–based tissue engineering technique. Whether the organoid would execute targeted repair in injured spinal cord is evaluated. The integrated SCLT, assembled by white matter–like tissue (WMLT) module and gray matter–like tissue (GMLT) module, shares architectural, phenotypic, and functional similarities to the adult rat spinal cord. Organotypic coculturing with the dorsal root ganglion or muscle cells shows that the SCLT embraces spinal cord organogenesis potentials to establish connections with the targets, respectively. Transplantation of the SCLT into the transected spinal cord results in a significant motor function recovery of the paralyzed hind limbs in rats. Additionally, targeted spinal cord tissue repair is achieved by the modular design of SCLT, as evidenced by an increased remyelination in the WMLT area and an enlarged innervation in the GMLT area. More importantly, the pro‐regeneration milieu facilitates the formation of a neuronal relay by the donor neurons, allowing the conduction of descending and ascending neural inputs.
Red Organic Light‐Emitting Diode with External Quantum Efficiency beyond 20% Based on a Novel Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter
Authors: Chen Jia‐Xiong , Wang Kai , Zheng Cai‐Jun , Zhang Ming , Shi Yi‐Zhong , Tao Si‐Lu , Lin Hui , Liu Wei , Tao Wen‐Wen , Ou Xue‐Mei , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: July 2018

A novel thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter 12,15‐di(10H‐phenoxazin‐10‐yl)dibenzo[a,c]dipyrido[3,2‐h:2′,3′‐j]phenazine (DPXZ‐BPPZ) is developed for a highly efficient red organic light‐emitting diode (OLED). With rigid and planar constituent groups and evident steric hindrance between electron‐donor (D) and electron‐acceptor (A) segments, DPXZ‐BPPZ realizes extremely high rigidity to suppress the internal conversion process. Meanwhile, the highly twisted structure between D and A segments will also lead to an extremely small singlet–triplet energy split to DPXZ‐BPPZ. Therefore, DPXZ‐BPPZ successfully realizes an efficient fluorescent radiation transition and reverse intersystem crossing process, and possesses an extremely high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 97.1 ± 1.1% under oxygen‐free conditions. The OLED based on DPXZ‐BPPZ shows red emission with a peak at 612 nm and a Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.60, 0.40), and it achieves high maximum forward‐viewing efficiencies of 20.1 ± 0.2% (external quantum efficiency), 30.2 ± 0.6 cd A−1 (current efficiency), and 30.9 ± 1.3 lm W−1 (power efficiency). The prepared OLED has the best performance among the reported red TADF OLEDs. These results prove that DPXZ‐BPPZ is an ideal candidate for red TADF emitters, and the designing approach is valuable for highly efficient red TADF emitters.
Advancing the Pharmaceutical Potential of Bioinorganic Hybrid Lipid‐Based Assemblies
Authors: Wang Junqing , Wang Angela Zhe , Lv Peng , Tao Wei , Liu Gang
Published: July 2018

Bioinspired lipid assemblies that mimic the elaborate architecture of natural membranes have fascinated researchers for a long time. These lipid assemblies have gone from being just an imperative platform for biophysical research to a pharmaceutical delivery system for biomedical applications. Despite success, these organized nanosystems are often subject to the mechanical instability and limited theranostic capability without adding any inconvenient modifications. To reach their advanced pharmaceutical potential, various bioinorganic hybrid lipid‐based assembles, which provide new opportunities to synergistically complement and improve therapeutic/diagnostic potential of existing lipid‐based nanomedicine with distinct mechanisms containing inorganic embedded surfactants, have recently been developed.
All‐Silica Submicrometer Colloidosomes for Cargo Protection and Tunable Release
Authors: Jiang Hang , Hong Liangzhi , Li Yunxing , Ngai To
Published: July 2018

Colloidosomes have received considerable attention for the controlled delivery of active ingredients in medicine, agrochemicals, and cosmetics. However, most reported colloidosomes are highly permeable and size is larger than 1 μm. All silica colloidosomes have now been prepared with adjustable size, compact shell and low permeability. Our approach is based on the formation of inverse water‐in‐oil (w/o) emulsions stabilized solely by hydrophobic silica nanoparticles and subsequent locking of the particle at the oil–water interface by a simple sol–gel reaction of silica precursor at room temperature. The colloidosomes obtained display a robust and closed shell, ensuring a long‐term retention of small hydrophilic molecules such as Methylene Blue. Remarkably, unlike all other reported silica colloidosomes, a timely and stepwise release of the encapsulated cargo can be triggered by adding ethanol or surfactant without destroying the capsule shell.
A Calixarene‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for Highly Selective NO2 Detection
Authors: Schulz Marcel , Gehl Adrian , Schlenkrich Jakob , Schulze Hendrik A. , Zimmermann Stefan , Schaate Andreas
Published: July 2018

A calixarene‐based metal–organic framework (Zr‐cal, [Zr6O4(OH)4(FA)6]2(cal)3], FA=formate, cal=1,3‐alt‐25,26,27,28‐tetrakis[(carboxy)methoxy]calixarene) was synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The three‐dimensional framework is a 4,6‐connected network of gar topology and exhibits two equal but nonintersecting three‐dimensional pore systems. It has a specific BET surface area of 670 m2 g−1, and the calixarene cavities are accessible through the pore systems. The exposed calixarenes can be used for the visual detection and encapsulation of NO2 through the formation of deeply colored charge–transfer complexes inside the MOF. The highly selective complexation was analyzed by UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, and the stability of the material was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the MOF was used as a sensor material in a home‐made sensor cell and showed high sensitivity for NO2.
Enantioselective analysis of lansoprazole in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS: Application to a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Luo Linda , Wen Xiaoli , Du Yueying , Jiang Zhen , Guo Xingjie
Published: July 2018

A rapid, sensitive and enantioselective method was developed and fully validated for the separation and determination of lansoprazole enantiomers in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The analytes and the internal standard (esomeprazole) were both extracted from plasma samples by liquid–liquid extraction with diethyl ether–dichloromethane (70:30; v/v). Satisfactory resolution (Rs = 2.0) was achieved within 7.3 min on a Chiralpak ID column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) employing acetonitrile–water (60:40, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The acquisition of mass spectrometric data was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode coupled with a positive electrospray ionization source. A comprehensive validation of this method was rigorously conducted over the concentration range of 1.00–500.0 ng/mL for both enantiomers. All of the validation data demonstrated that the desirable linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, recovery and stability were attained from the proposed approach. The established method was successfully applied to a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study of lansoprazole enantiomers in rat plasma after oral administration of 3 mg/kg racemic lansoprazole or dexlansoprazole. No chiral inversion was observed during the experimental procedure.
Physiological underarousal as a mechanism of aggressive behavior in university athletes with a history of concussion
Authors: Gallant Caitlyn , Barry Nicole , Good Dawn
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Research has indicated that athletes who engage in high‐risk athletic activities, such as football and hockey, have riskier personalities than their low‐risk and nonathlete counterparts (Ahmadi et al., 2011, Procedia Soc Behav Sci, 30 and 247–251; Zuckerman, 1983, Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity, and anxiety, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc Inc.). For instance, increased sensation‐seeking and aggression are common in high‐risk athletes, rendering these individuals more likely to sustain a subsequent injury, such as concussion. Elevated levels of certain personality traits, including impulsivity and aggression, have also been observed after concussion (Goswami et al., 2016, Brain Struct Funct, 221 and 1911–1925). The purpose of this study therefore was to determine whether aggressive behavior in university athletes may be accounted for, in part, by a history of concussion, rather than exclusively athletic status.

Methods

Using a quasi‐experimental design, 66 university students (n = 18 nonathletes, n = 24 low‐risk athletes, n = 24 high‐risk athletes) with (n = 27) and without a history of concussion (n = 39) completed the Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ; Buss & Perry, , J Pers Soc Psychol, 63 and 452) and provided electrodermal activation (EDA) as an index of physiological arousal.

Results

It was found that decreased physiological arousal among students with a history of concussion was associated with greater endorsement of physical aggression. Moreover, athletic status did not account for this pattern of aggression, as athletes and nonathletes did not differ in terms of self‐reported aggressive tendencies.

Conclusions

Physiological compromise after concussive injury may act as an independent mechanism of aggressive behavior in athletes beyond factors, such as athletic status.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00152 promotes cell proliferation through competitively binding endogenous miR‐125b with MCL‐1 by regulating mitochondrial apoptosis pathways in ovarian cancer
Authors: Chen Puxiang , Fang Xiaolin , Xia Bing , Zhao Yan , Li Qiaoyan , Wu Xiaoying
Published: July 2018

Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the key function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in biological activity. Abnormal lncRNA expression was found to relate to the development and pathogenesis of multiple cancers. LncRNA LINC00152 served as an oncogene in multiple cancers; however, its role in ovarian cancer remains unknown. In our research study, LINC00152 was upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. An increasing LINC00152 level was positively correlated with the histological grade, clinical stage, and poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. In addition, knockdown of LINC00152 reduced cell growth, induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed tumor growth. Moreover, we revealed that LINC00152 and Myeloid cell leukemia‐1 (MCL‐1) were targeted by miR‐125b and had the same miR‐125b combining site. The miR‐125b level was negatively correlated with the expression of LINC00152, while MCL‐1 was positively related to the LINC00152 level. MiR‐125b could affect LINC00152 levels as evaluated by qRT‐PCR. Finally, we affirmed that LINC00152 mediated cell proliferation by affecting MCL‐1 expression and MCL‐1‐mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathways and by working as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR‐125b. In summary, based on ceRNA theory, the combined research on miR‐125b and MCL‐1, and taking LINC00152 as a new study point, we provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of reversing cell proliferation in ovarian cancer.
Molecular heterogeneity in human papillomavirus‐dependent and ‐independent vulvar carcinogenesis
Authors: Swarts Dorian R. A. , Voorham Quirinus J. M. , van Splunter Annina P. , Wilting Saskia M. , Sie Daoud , Pronk Divera , van Beurden Marc , Heideman Daniëlle A. M. , Snijders Peter J. F. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Steenbergen Renske D. M. , Bleeker Maaike C. G.
Published: July 2018

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and precancerous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) can develop through human papillomavirus (HPV)‐dependent and ‐independent pathways, indicating a heterogeneous disease. Only a minority of VIN progress, but current clinicopathological classifications are insufficient to predict the cancer risk. Here we analyzed copy number alterations (CNA) to assess the molecular heterogeneity of vulvar lesions in relation to HPV and cancer risk. HPV‐status and CNA by means of whole‐genome next‐generation shallow‐sequencing were assessed in VSCC and VIN. The latter included VIN of women with associated VSCC (VINVSCC) and women who did not develop VSCC during follow‐up (VINnoVSCC). HPV‐testing resulted in 41 HPV‐positive (16 VINVSCC, 14 VINnoVSCC, and 11 VSCC) and 24 HPV‐negative (11 VINVSCC and 13 VSCC) lesions. HPV‐positive and ‐negative VSCC showed a partially overlapping pattern of recurrent CNA, including frequent gains of 3q and 8q. In contrast, amplification of 11q13/cyclinD1 was exclusively found in HPV‐negative lesions. HPV‐negative VINVSCC had less CNA than HPV‐negative VSCC (P = .009), but shared chromosome 8 alterations. HPV‐positive VINnoVSCC had less CNA than VINVSCC (P = .022). Interestingly, 1pq gain was detected in 81% of HPV‐positive VINVSCC and only in 21% of VINnoVSCC (P = .001). In conclusion, HPV‐dependent and ‐independent vulvar carcinogenesis is characterized by distinct CNA patterns at the VIN stage, while more comparable patterns are present at the cancer stage. Cancer risk in VIN seems to be reflected by the extent of CNA, in particular chromosome 1 gain in HPV‐positive cases.
Integrating value of research into NCI Clinical Trials Cooperative Group research review and prioritization: A pilot study
Authors: Carlson Josh J. , Kim David D. , Guzauskas Gregory F. , Bennette Caroline S. , Veenstra David L. , Basu Anirban , Hendrix Nathaniel , Hershman Dawn L. , Baker Laurence , Ramsey Scott D.
Published: July 2018

Background

The Institute of Medicine has called for approaches to help maximize the return on investments (ROI) in cancer clinical trials. Value of Research (VOR) is a health economics technique that estimates ROI and can inform research prioritization. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of using VOR analyses on the clinical trial proposal review process within the SWOG cancer clinical trials consortium.

Methods

We used a previously developed minimal modeling approach to calculate VOR estimates for 9 phase II/III SWOG proposals between February 2015 and December 2016. Estimates were presented to executive committee (EC) members (N = 12) who determine which studies are sent to the National Cancer Institute for funding consideration. EC members scored proposals from 1 (best) to 5 based on scientific merit and potential impact before and after receiving VOR estimates. EC members were surveyed to assess research priorities, proposal evaluation process satisfaction, and the VOR process.

Results

Value of Research estimates ranged from −$2.1B to $16.46B per proposal. Following review of VOR results, the EC changed their score for eight of nine proposals. Proposal rankings were different in pre‐ vs postscores (P value: 0.03). Respondents had mixed views of the ultimate utility of VOR for their decisions with most supporting (42%) or neutral (41%) to the idea of adding VOR to the evaluation process.

Conclusions

The findings from this pilot study indicate use of VOR analyses may be a useful adjunct to inform proposal reviews within NCI Cooperative Clinical Trials groups.
Carbon ion radiotherapy for unresectable localized axial soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Imai Reiko , Kamada Tadashi , Araki Nobuhito ,   and the Working Group for Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Published: July 2018

Carbon ion radiotherapy is known for its high‐precision dose distribution and high biological effectiveness. We evaluated the results of carbon ion radiotherapy in 128 patients with unresectable localized axial soft tissue sarcoma at a single institution. The patients’ median age was 54 years, and the median follow‐up period was 49.4 (range 6.4‐146.4) months. The median tumor volume was 356 cm3. The 5‐year local control, overall survival, and disease‐free survival rates were 65%, 46%, and 39%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, tumor volume, local control, and incidences of metastases were significantly related to overall survival. In the multivariate analysis, tumor volume and local control were significantly related to overall survival. We did not find any factors related to local control. Five patients required surgical intervention because of adverse events in the bones. Carbon ion radiotherapy may be a treatment option for unresectable axial soft tissue sarcoma.
Self‐evaluation of duration of adjuvant chemotherapy side effects in breast cancer patients: A prospective study
Authors: Galizia Danilo , Milani Andrea , Geuna Elena , Martinello Rossella , Cagnazzo Celeste , Foresto Manuela , Longo Virginia , Berchialla Paola , Solinas Gianfranca , Calori Adele , Grasso Bruna , Volpone Chiara , Bertola Gisella , Parola Gisella , Tealdi Giancarla , Giuliano Piero Luigi , Ballari Anna Maria , Aglietta Massimo , Montemurro Filippo
Published: July 2018

Background

We recently reported that self‐evaluation of the incidence and severity of treatment‐related side effects (TSEs) using a National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0‐based questionnaire was feasible and more informative than doctor reports in patients undergoing standard adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer. Here, we compare self‐ and doctor‐evaluated day of onset and duration of TSEs in the same population.

Patients and methods

Six hundred and four patients were enrolled at 11 sites in Italy. CTCAE v4.0 definitions of grade of severity of nausea, vomiting, constipation, anorexia, dysgeusia, diarrhea, fatigue, pain, paresthesia, and dyspnea were translated into Italian and rephrased. Questionnaires were administered after the first and third chemotherapy cycles. At each time‐point, information on TSEs was extracted from the medical charts and compared to patient questionnaires.

Results

A total of 594 and 573 paired patient and doctor questionnaires were collected after cycles one and three, respectively. TSE duration was significantly longer when reported by patients compared to doctors for six and seven of ten items after cycles one and three, respectively. Due to the combined effect of doctor underreporting of TSE incidence and duration, the mean percentages of cycle days with TSEs were significantly higher for all ten items when based on patient reports. Day of onset could not be evaluated because of insufficient numbers of complete records.

Conclusions

Self‐reporting TSE duration is feasible using a CTCAE‐derived questionnaire. As doctors tend to underestimate TSE incidence and duration, patient‐reported outcomes should be incorporated into clinical practice, perhaps using eHealth technologies, to harness their potential to better estimate total TSE burden.
Serum type XVI collagen is associated with colorectal cancer and ulcerative colitis indicating a pathological role in gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Jensen Christina , Nielsen Signe H. , Mortensen Joachim H. , Kjeldsen Jens , Klinge Lone G. , Krag Aleksander , Harling Henrik , Jørgensen Lars N. , Karsdal Morten A. , Willumsen Nicholas
Published: July 2018

Altered extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is an important part of the pathology of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. In the intestine, type XVI collagen (col‐16) plays a role in pathogenesis by affecting ECM architecture and induce cell invasion. Measuring col‐16 in serum may therefore have biomarker potential in GI disorders such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to determine whether col‐16 can serve as a biomarker for altered ECM remodeling in patients with CRC and UC. A monoclonal antibody was raised against the C‐terminal end of col‐16 (PRO‐C16), and a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and technically validated. Levels of PRO‐C16 were measured in serum from patients with CRC (before (n = 50) and 3 months after (n = 23) tumor resections), UC (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 50). The PRO‐C16 ELISA was specific toward the C‐terminal of col‐16. PRO‐C16 was significantly elevated both in serum from patients with CRC (P = 0.0026) and UC (P < 0.0001) compared to controls. No difference was detected in levels of PRO‐C16 between patients with CRC at baseline and 3 months after tumor resections (P > 0.999). Levels of PRO‐C16 identified patients with a GI disorder with a positive predictive value of 0.9 and an odds ratio of 12 (95%CI = 4.5‐29.5, P < 0.0001). The newly developed assay detected significantly elevated levels of PRO‐C16 in serum from patients with GI disorders compared to controls suggesting its potential as a biomarker in this setting. Future studies are needed to validate these findings.
Novel TRPV4 variant causes a severe form of metatropic dysplasia
Authors: Graversen Lise , Haagerup Annette , Andersen Brian N. , Petersen Karin K. , Gjørup Vibike , Gudmundsdottir Gudrun , Vogel Ida , Gregersen Pernille A.
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

We present a girl born with a frontal bossing, short neck, bell‐shaped thorax, short limbs with prominent joints, and a tail‐like coccygeal appendage. Genetic screening of TRPV4 identified a novel de novo heterozygous missense variant. We believe the variant causes the severe form of metatropic dysplasia in this patient.
Refractory chronic “ITP”: When platelet size matters
Authors: Baliakas Panagiotis , Kättström Magdalena , Rossing Maria , Amini Rose‐Marie
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

Inherited conditions associated with thrombocytopenia should be included in the differential diagnosis of young patients with refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), even in the absence of a positive family history. Early identification of such conditions is of vital importance in order to reach the right diagnosis and avoid unnecessary or even harmful medication.
A Systematic (Spectro‐) Electrochemical Approach to the Synthesis and Characterisation of Co(II) and Ni(II) Compounds Containing Reduced Forms of TCNQF
Authors: Vo Nguyen T. , Martin Lisandra L. , Bond Alan M.
Published: July 2018

The electrochemistry of TCNQF (2‐fluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane) in acetonitrile (0.1 M Bu4NPF6) in the presence of either Co2+ or Ni2+ is reported. Cyclic voltammetry over an extensive range of potentials revealed that the reduction of TCNQF to either TCNQF1− or the TCNQF2− species provides a route for electrocrystallisation of the respective M(TCNQF)2(H2O)2 and M(TCNQF) materials on the electrode surface. These materials were independently prepared by addition of the corresponding metal salts to a solution of either TCNQF1− or TCNQF2− prepared by bulk electrolysis. Comprehensive characterisation of these solids by Infrared and Raman spectroscopy indicated that the M(TCNQF)2(H2O)2 complexes were similar to other transition metal complexes in the M(TCNQX)2(S)2 series where S=solvent (H2O or CH3OH) and X = H4 or F4. The M(TCNQF) materials containing the TCNQF2− anion were not stable in air, similar to the highly air‐sensitive TCNQ2− derivatives. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of electrocrystallised samples of Ni(TCNQF)2(H2O)2 were rod‐like, whereas the Co(TCNQF)2(H2O)2 formed needles. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of these samples together with elemental microanalysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) supported the composition and stoichiometry. The solubility products (Ksp values) of M(TCNQF)2(H2O)2 materials were determined spectrophotometrically and voltammetrically in acetonitrile, where Ksp for Co(TCNQF)2(H2O)2 was 3.37×10−11 M3 (or 1.14×10−10 M3 in the presence of electrolyte, 0.1 M Bu4NPF6) and Ni(TCNQF)2(H2O)2 was 5.54×10−12 M3 (or 2.65×10−10 M3 in the presence of electrolyte, 0.1 M Bu4NPF6).
Cobalt Oxide Materials for Oxygen Evolution Catalysis via Single‐Source Precursor Chemistry
Authors: Kuznetsov Denis A. , Konev Dmitry V. , Sokolov Sergey A. , Fedyanin Ivan V.
Published: July 2018

The utilization of metal alkoxides as single‐source precursors for (mixed‐)oxide materials offers remarkable benefits, such as the possibility to precisely control the metal ratio in the resulting material, highly homogeneous distribution of the elements in the film, and the low temperatures required for film processing. Herein we report on the isolation and characterization of the bimetallic Co‐Mo alkoxide [Co3Mo4O10(OCH3)10(dmf)4] (Co3Mo4; dmf=N,N‐dimethylformamide), which was prepared by the anion metathesis reaction of the corresponding metal chlorides. The Co‐Mo alkoxide was explored as a well‐defined precursor of cobalt oxide catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolyte MOH. The catalysts demonstrated excellent activity in the OER, manifested in low onset potentials and Tafel slopes and superb stability under the operating conditions both in alkaline and nearly neutral media. It was observed that the nature of the metal cation of the alkaline electrolyte MOH (M+=Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+) greatly affected the catalytic performance of the material. We propose that the positive effect of larger metal cations on the film activity in the OER could be explained by the higher hydration enthalpies of larger ions and enhanced mass transport within a larger interlayer space between the [CoO2]δ−∞ sheets of the in situ formed binary oxides. It may be deduced that this trend is universal and may be extended to other types of metal oxides forming layered structures during the OER.
Molecular Deformation, Charge Flow, and Spongelike Behavior in Anion–π {[M(CN)4]2−;[HAT(CN)6]}∞ (M=Ni, Pd, Pt) Supramolecular Stacks
Authors: Kuzniak Emilia , Pinkowicz Dawid , Hooper James , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Hetmańczyk Łukasz , Podgajny Robert
Published: July 2018

The synthesis, crystal structures, spectroscopic characterization, and comprehensive quantum‐chemical calculations for a novel series of anion–π hybrid salts (XPh4)2[M(CN)4][HAT(CN)6]⋅3 MeCN (X=P, M=NiII (1), PdII (3), PtII (5); X=As, M=NiII (2), PdII (4), PtII (6); HAT(CN)6=1,4,5,8,9,11‐hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile) are presented. The systems comprise 1D {[M(CN)4]2−;[HAT(CN)6]}∞ stacks, in which the electron‐rich metal complexes adjust their orientation to match the electron‐deficient areas of HAT(CN)6. Electronic charge‐transfer interactions along the stacks result in polarization of electron density within HAT(CN)6 and in perturbations along the {[M(CN)4]2−;[HAT(CN)6]}∞ contacts. Electronic structure analysis suggests, for example, a relocation of 0.1–0.2 e per molecule from [M(CN)4]2− to HAT(CN)6 and anion–π interaction energies of around −65 kcal mol−1. A reversible structural single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation, through desolvation/resolvation processes in the solid state, is also reported and a scheme for the formation of anion–π [M(CN)4]2−/HAT(CN)6 adducts in MeCN is proposed.
A Shape‐Adaptable Organometallic Supramolecular Coordination Cage for the Encapsulation of Fullerenes
Authors: Martínez‐Agramunt Víctor , Gusev Dmitry G. , Peris Eduardo
Published: July 2018

The development of three‐dimensional supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), with cavities suitable for guest binding, is of great interest because these materials are useful in a large number of applications. Herein, a nickel‐conjoined organometallic molecular prism is described, which has been fully characterized. The X‐ray diffraction structure of the molecule reveals that the cage possesses an internal cavity with a volume of 1028 Å3, thus suitable for the encapsulation of large 3D‐molecules, such as fullerenes. This cage shows highly selective complexation of C70 over C60, thus being potentially useful for fullerene separation and purification. The combined experimental and computational studies suggest that the complexation process is largely entropically‐driven, and DFT calculations suggest that the cage is flexible and can adapt the size and the shape of the cavity to maximize the face‐to‐face interaction with the fullerenes.
Effect of text‐background lightness combination on visual comfort for reading on a tablet display under different surrounds
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Pou , Wei Minchen , Ou Li‐Chen
Published: July 2018

Many tablets are designed to change display brightness or color with surround for enhancing visual comfort. Although both color and brightness of a surround may vary a lot, few studies investigated how text‐background lightness combination of a tablet display and surround jointly affect visual comfort, and how display white point affects visual comfort. In this study, 20 observers evaluated visual comfort of 20 text‐background lightness combinations of a 9.7‐inch tablet display through paired comparisons under five surrounds—a dark surround and four ambient lighting conditions comprising two levels of correlated color temperature (CCT)—3500 and 6500 K—and illuminance—300 and 3000 lx. The combination of a black text and a light‐gray background (i.e., L*background = 75.33; L*text = 1.6) was evaluated the most comfortable when there was ambient light regardless of CCT and illuminance. It was also evaluated the third most comfortable under the dark surround. The observers also evaluated the visual comfort of a dark text on five different white backgrounds under 3500 and 6500 K at 1000 lx. The color of the background that was judged as the most comfortable neither had the whitest appearance nor matched the color of the ambient light. The simultaneous adjustment of the display white point and the text‐background lightness combination merits further investigations.
Modulation of Solvation and Molecular Recognition of a Lipid Bilayer under Dynamical Phase Transition
Authors: Singh Priya , Choudhury Susobhan , Sharma V. K. , Mitra S. , Mukhopadhyay R. , Das Ranjan , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: July 2018

It is well accepted in contemporary biology that an ∼30 Å thick lipid bilayer film around living cells is a matter of life and death as the film typically delimits the environments that serve as a crucial margin. The dynamic organization of lipid molecules both across the lipid bilayer and in the lateral dimension are known to be crucial for cellular transport and molecular recognition by important biological macromolecules. Here, we study dilute (20 mM) Dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) vesicles at different temperatures in aqueous dispersion with well‐defined phases namely liquid crystalline, gel and subgel. The spectroscopic studies on two fluorescent probes 8‐anilino‐1‐naphthalene sulfonic acid ammonium salt (ANS) and Coumarin 500 (C500), former in the head group region of the lipid‐water interface and later located deeper in the lipid bilayer follow dynamics (solvation and fluidity) of their local environments in the vesicles. Binding of an anti‐tuberculosis drug rifampicin has also been studied employing Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique. The molecular insight concerning the effect of dynamical organization of the lipid molecules on the local dynamics of aqueous environments in different phases leading to molecular recognition becomes evident in our study.
Emotion dysregulation and eating disorders—Associations with diagnostic presentation and key symptoms
Authors: Monell Elin , Clinton David , Birgegård Andreas
Published: July 2018

Objective

Emotion dysregulation seems involved in the development, maintenance, and outcome of eating disorders (EDs). The present study aimed to differentiate patients with EDs from a comparison group on emotion dysregulation, and to examine emotion dysregulation in relation to ED diagnostic presentation and ED symptoms.

Method

Participants, patients with EDs (N = 999) and a student comparison group (N = 252), completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Patients were compared to the comparison group and compared by diagnosis regarding emotion dysregulation, and unique associations between emotion dysregulation aspects and ED symptoms were examined.

Results

Patients reported greater general emotion dysregulation than the comparison group, especially poorer emotional awareness and clarity. There were very few diagnostic differences. In both patients and the comparison group, limited access to emotion regulation strategies was associated with cognitive ED symptoms, and presence of binge eating in the comparison group. In patients, poor emotional awareness and emotional non‐acceptance were additionally associated with cognitive symptoms, and difficulties in impulse control and emotional non‐acceptance were associated with binge eating.

Discussion

Emotion dysregulation is an important transdiagnostic characteristic of ED. Results suggest interventions that enhance emotional awareness and acceptance, as well as emotion regulation skills training, in both ED treatment and prevention.