bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of embolization strategies for mixed plexiform and fistulous brain arteriovenous malformations: a computational model analysis of theoretical risks of nidus rupture
Authors: Jain Mika S , Telischak Nicholas A , Heit Jeremy J , Do Huy M , Massoud Tarik F
Published: December 2021

Background

High-flow fistulas related to plexiform nidi are found in 40% of large brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Endovascular occlusion of intranidal fistulas before plexiform components is empirically considered safe, but potential ensuing dangerous re-routing of flow through plexiform vessels may in theory raise their rupture risk. It remains unclear whether it is safer to embolize plexiform or fistulous vessels initially. We used a novel biomathematical AVM model to compare theoretical hemodynamic changes and rupture risks on sequential embolizations of both types of nidus vessels.

Methods

We computationally modeled a theoretical AVM as an electrical circuit containing a nidus consisting of a massive stochastic network ensemble comprising 1000 vessels. We sampled and individually simulated 10 000 different nidus morphologies with a fistula angioarchitecturally isolated from its adjacent plexiform nidus. We used network analysis to calculate mean intravascular pressure (Pmean) and flow rate within each nidus vessel; and Monte Carlo analysis to assess overall risks of nidus rupture when simulating sequential occlusions of vessel types in all 10 000 nidi.

Results

We consistently observed lower nidus rupture risks with initial fistula occlusion in different network morphologies. Intranidal fistula occlusion simultaneously reduced Pmeanand flow rate within draining veins.

Conclusions

Initial occlusion of AVM fistulas theoretically reduces downstream draining vessel hypertension and lowers the risk of rupture of an adjoining plexiform nidus component. This mitigates the theoretical concern that fistula occlusion may cause dangerous redistribution of hemodynamic forces into plexiform nidus vessels, and supports a clinical strategy favoring AVM fistula occlusion before plexiform nidus embolization.
Exploring implicit relationships between pavement surface friction and vehicle crash severity using interpretable extreme gradient boosting method
Authors: Zhao Guangyuan , Jiang Yi , Li Shuo , Tighe Susan
Published: December 2021

Pavement friction has been identified as crucial in traffic safety. Since the Highway Safety Manual prediction algorithm is often based on crash frequency, the crash severity distribution might be assumed unchanged before and after the countermeasure. However, pavement surface treatments can improve the friction to different levels, by which crash severity outcomes may vary greatly. To explore the implicit effects of pavement friction on vehicle crash severity, this paper first validates the extreme gradient boosting model performance and then the Shapley additive explanations interaction values are employed to interpret individual features and the nonlinear interactions among predictors. Under various scenarios, the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) output probability is utilized to convert into dynamic crash severity distributions. Results also indicate that friction becomes more significant when the friction number is less than 38, and immediate corrective actions are needed when the friction number is below 20.
Inuvialuit knowledge of Pacific salmon range expansion in the western Canadian Arctic
Authors: Chila Zander , Dunmall Karen M. , Proverbs Tracey A. , Lantz Trevor C. ,   Aklavik Hunters and Trappers Committee,   Inuvik Hunters and Trappers Committee,   Sachs Harbour Hunters and Trappers Committee,   Olokhaktomiut Hunters and Trappers Committee,   Paulatuk Hunters and Trappers Committee
Published: December 2021

Rapid climate change is altering Arctic ecosystems and significantly affecting the livelihoods and cultural traditions of Arctic Indigenous peoples. In the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), growing evidence suggests that climate change is altering marine environments. In this project we recorded and synthesized Inuvialuit knowledge of Pacific salmon. We used methods that are emergent in fisheries science to combine interview information with voluntary harvest data and better understand changes to salmon in the Arctic. We conducted 53 interviews with Inuvialuit fishers about the history of Pacific salmon harvest, how it has changed in recent decades, and concurrent changes to local environments and fish species. Our interviews show that historical, incidental salmon harvest in the ISR ranged from infrequent to common among western communities, but was rare or unprecedented among eastern communities. Participants in all six communities reported a recent increase in salmon harvest and attributed this shift to regional environmental change. Fishers were concerned that salmon would negatively affect their cultural traditions and preferred fish species. Given uncertainty about the effects of salmon on local fisheries, research on salmon in the Arctic, the likelihood of their establishment, and their potential to provide subsidies to Arctic freshwater ecosystems is vital.
AN ANALYSIS OF ABNORMAL RETURNS ASSOCIATED WITH STOCK SPLIT
Authors: PANDEY JYOTI , KANDPAL VINAY , NAUTIYAL NEERAJ
Published: December 2021

A stock split is when a company’s outstanding shares are divided into multiple shares by issuing more shares to current shareholders without eroding their stake’s value. The company typically takes these actions to increase liquidity and marketability, lower stock prices, attract new investors and so on. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of stock splits on the stock returns during the study period. Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and those included in the S&P BSE 500 Index are included in the stock split data. The study period covers 14 years, between 2008 and 2021. Market model event study methodology is being employed to analyze the average abnormal returns (AARs), cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) and cumulative AAR (CAARs) using an event window period consisting of 31 days ([Formula: see text]). The study is largely based on secondary information from the CMIE Prowess IQ Database and the official BSE website. The [Formula: see text]-test, mean and standard deviation were used to investigate the influence of stock split announcements on share prices and the performance of stock splits before and after the announcement. The study found that on ([Formula: see text]), ([Formula: see text]), ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]) and on the day of the announcement ([Formula: see text]), the market reacted favorably with significant positive abnormal returns. On ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]) days, however, there were significant negative abnormal returns. The null hypothesis is accepted as the CAR for the whole 31-day event window, which is 0.0221, with a [Formula: see text]-statistic of 1.692, which is insignificant.
Novel soliton solutions of four sets of generalized (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili-like equations
Authors: Akinyemi Lanre , Şenol Mehmet , Az-Zo’bi Emad , Veeresha P. , Akpan Udoh
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we examined four different forms of generalized (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (B-KP)-like equations. In this connection, an accurate computational method based on the Riccati equation called sub-equation method and its Bäcklund transformation is employed. Using this method, numerous exact solutions that do not exist in the literature have been obtained in the form of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational. These solutions are of considerable importance in applied sciences, coastal, and ocean engineering, where the B–KP-like equations modeled for some significant physical phenomenon. The graph of the bright and dark solitons is presented in order to demonstrate the influence of different physical parameters on the solutions. All of the findings prove the stability, effectiveness, and accuracy of the proposed method.
Morphology and Late Pleistocene–Holocene sedimentation of the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus): a review
Authors: Çağatay M. Namık , Eriş K. Kadir , Erdem Zeynep
Published: December 2021

The Bosphorus (Istanbul) Strait is a natural strait that connects the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea via the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles Strait. It is a 31 km-long and 3.5 km-wide winding channel, with an irregular bottom morphology. It has depressions up to 110 m deep, and two sills with depths of 35 and 58 m in the south and north, respectively. Presently, a two-layer water exchange exists through the strait, with the Mediterranean and Black Sea waters forming the lower and upper layers, respectively. The Bosphorus channel extends as shelf valleys on the Black Sea and Sea of Marmara shelves. However, it operated as a river valley or an estuary during the stadial lowstand periods.

The infill sedimentary succession of the Bosphorus channel is up to 100 m thick above the Paleozoic–Cretaceous basement with an irregular topography. The oldest sediments are sandy to muddy fluvial–lacustrine facies of late Pleistocene age, which are preserved only in up to 160 m-deep scoured depressions of the basement. They are overlain by mid–late Holocene estuarine–marine shelly sandy to muddy sediments with patches of bioherms and shelly lag deposits.

The Bosphorus outlet areas of the Black Sea and Sea of Marmara are characterized by a submarine fan and a shelf valley, respectively. The fan system in the Black Sea started depositing
c.
900 years after the initial vigorous marine water incursion at
c.
8.4
14
C ka BP. On the Marmara shelf, extension of the Bosphorus channel is a sinuous shelf valley with a channel–levee complex that was deposited by the Black Sea outflow during 11–10
14
C ka BP. Catastrophic floodings of the Sea of Marmara by torrential Black Sea outflows during the Greenland Interstadial melt-water pulses, as well as the strong Mediterranean current towards the Black Sea during the interglacial periods, were responsible for carving out the Bosphorus channel and the shelf valleys, as well as removing the sediments belonging to the earlier periods.
Generative modelling of BRDF textures from flash images
Authors: Henzler Philipp , Deschaintre Valentin , Mitra Niloy J. , Ritschel Tobias
Published: December 2021

We learn a latent space for easy capture, consistent interpolation, and efficient reproduction of visual material appearance. When users provide a photo of a stationary natural material captured under flashlight illumination, first it is converted into a latent material code. Then, in the second step, conditioned on the material code, our method produces an infinite and diverse spatial field of BRDF model parameters (diffuse albedo, normals, roughness, specular albedo) that subsequently allows rendering in complex scenes and illuminations, matching the appearance of the input photograph. Technically, we jointly embed all flash images into a latent space using a convolutional encoder, and -conditioned on these latent codes- convert random spatial fields into fields of BRDF parameters using a convolutional neural network (CNN). We condition these BRDF parameters to match the visual characteristics (statistics and spectra of visual features) of the input under matching light. A user study compares our approach favorably to previous work, even those with access to BRDF supervision. Project webpage: https://henzler.github.io/publication/neuralmaterial/.
Semi-supervised video-driven facial animation transfer for production
Authors: Moser Lucio , Chien Chinyu , Williams Mark , Serra Jose , Hendler Darren , Roble Doug
Published: December 2021

We propose a simple algorithm for automatic transfer of facial expressions, from videos to a 3D character, as well as between distinct 3D characters through their rendered animations. Our method begins by learning a common, semantically-consistent latent representation for the different input image domains using an unsupervised image-to-image translation model. It subsequently learns, in a supervised manner, a linear mapping from the character images' encoded representation to the animation coefficients. At inference time, given the source domain (i.e., actor footage), it regresses the corresponding animation coefficients for the target character. Expressions are automatically remapped between the source and target identities despite differences in physiognomy. We show how our technique can be used in the context of markerless motion capture with controlled lighting conditions, for one actor and for multiple actors. Additionally, we show how it can be used to automatically transfer facial animation between distinct characters without consistent mesh parameterization and without engineered geometric priors. We compare our method with standard approaches used in production and with recent state-of-the-art models on single camera face tracking.
Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of 556 Spinal Tuberculosis Patients in Two Tertiary Teaching Hospitals in Guangxi Province
Authors: Zeng Hao , Liang Yingfang , He Jiaguo , Chen Liyi , Su Haixia , Liao Simi , Huang Sichun , Qin Hongyu
Published: December 2021

Spinal tuberculosis (STB), which accounts for half of musculoskeletal tuberculosis, is among the leading causes of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Guangxi Province, located in southern China, is among the most severely affected provinces in China. In this study, we collected and analyzed data from 2 Class‐A tertiary teaching hospitals in Nanning City, Guangxi Province, from 2011 to 2019, with the aim of providing reference points for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis analysis of STB, using the epidemiological characteristics of 556 STB cases. Our results revealed that males had a slightly higher incidence (50.17%) compared to females (49.83%), with 64.93% of cases falling between the ages of 18 and 45 years. Cases from rural communities accounted for 63.49% of the reviewed cases. The average time between onset of symptoms and hospitalization was 18.0 months (range: 1 day‐220 months). The most commonly reported symptoms were lower back pain (78.60%), radicular pain (51.98%), and systemic toxemia (43.53%). Additionally, 53.98% of the reviewed cases had varying degrees of neurological impairment. The main pathological lesion locations were the lumbar spine (43.53%) and thoracic spine (32.55%). Among them, 72.66% of cases involved at least 2 vertebral segments, and 62.77% of cases presented with paravertebral abscesses. Among the cases reviewed, 90.65% underwent antituberculosis chemotherapy prior to surgery. Following treatment, the cure rate was 78.41%, while 3.78% of patients had postoperative relapse. There were cases of concomitant illnesses among the cases reviewed, 40.65% of patients also had pulmonary tuberculosis, 15.29% had hepatitis B, 13.30% had diabetes, and 7.91% had hypertension. Our results still demonstrate that spinal tuberculosis remains a serious public health problem in Guangxi Province. Thus, preventive measures should be directed towards rural residents with comorbidities such as the elderly and diabetic.
Construction of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Platform Based on Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Li Jian , Zhao Yongyan
Published: December 2021

As the national economy has entered a stage of rapid development, the national economy and social development have also ushered in the “14th Five-Year Plan,” and the country has also issued support policies to encourage and guide college students to start their own businesses. Therefore, the establishment of an innovation and entrepreneurship platform has a significant impact on China’s economy. This gives college students great support and help in starting a business. The theory of deep learning algorithms originated from the development of artificial neural networks and is another important field of machine learning. As the computing power of computers has been greatly improved, especially the computing power of GPU can quickly train deep neural networks, deep learning algorithms have become an important research direction. The deep learning algorithm is a nonlinear network structure and a standard modeling method in the field of machine learning. After modeling various templates, they can be identified and implemented. This article uses a combination of theoretical research and empirical research, based on the views and research content of some scholars in recent years, and introduces the basic framework and research content of this article. Then, deep learning algorithms are used to analyze the experimental data. Data analysis is performed, and relevant concepts of deep learning algorithms are combined. This article focuses on exploring the construction of an IAE (innovation and entrepreneurship) education platform and making full use of the role of deep learning algorithms to realize the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship platforms. Traditional methods need to extract features through manual design, then perform feature classification, and finally realize the function of recognition. The deep learning algorithm has strong data image processing capabilities and can quickly process large-scale data. Research data show that 49.5% of college students and 35.2% of undergraduates expressed their interest in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is a good choice to relieve employment pressure.
[Retracted] Research Progress on the Molecular Mechanism of EGCG3″Me in the Treatment of Diabetes Based on Visual Sensor Images
Authors: Li Guiwen , Du Xianfeng , Li Zhengkang
Published: December 2021

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease with abnormal blood glucose and lipid metabolism caused by insufficient insulin secretion, which seriously affects human health. For solving the problem of treating diabetes, it is particularly important to observe the research progress of the molecular mechanism of EGCG3 ″Me in the treatment of diabetes based on visual sensor images. This research has not been verified in practice, but many scientists are already studying it. This article is aimed at studying the molecular mechanism of using EGCG3 ″Me to treat diabetes based on visual sensor images. This article introduces the concept and application of visual image sensor in detail, using a superpixel segmentation method to realize image observation. The EGCG3 ″Me was extracted and used in diabetes treatment experiments. The experimental results showed that the blood glucose of the mice in the experimental group had returned to normal 60 minutes after the administration of glucose in the blank control group, and the blood glucose of the mice in the control group had basically returned to normal after 120 minutes. Compared with the model group, the number of acinar paging and the number of cells in the pancreatic islets increased in the mice after EGCG3 ″Me treatment, indicating that EGCG3 ″Me has the effect of protecting and repairing pancreatic islet cells.
Intraspecific DNA Barcoding and Variation Analysis for Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium of Citrus reticulata “Chachi”
Authors: Liu Mengshi , Wang Kanghui , Chen Baizhong , Cai Yi , Li Chuwen , Yang Wanling , Wei Minyan , Zheng Guodong
Published: December 2021

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, the desiccative mature peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco or its cultivated varieties, is a national geographical indicated product that has the concomitant function of both medicine and foodstuff. The primary source of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium is Citrus reticulata “Chachi,” called “Guang chenpi,” while it differs in variety, propagation, grafting rootstock, and tree age, and the hereditary stability of its biological information between intraspecific plants is worthy of our attention. Homologous analysis result of 4 DNA barcodings in the ribosome or the chloroplast showed that the homology of them (ITS2, rbcl, matK, and psbA-trnH) of 22 samples was 100.00%, 99.97%, 99.99%, and 99.81%, respectively, which indicated that 4 DNA barcodes maintained a high degree of genetic stability in Citrus reticulata “Chachi.” Also, ITS2 was considered to identify Citrus reticulata “Chachi” from other varieties because it presented not only low variability within a certain taxon but also a high level of interspecies variability. Simultaneously, variant site detection of Citrus reticulata “Chachi” was analyzed by comparing with the reference Citrus reticulata genome, and 2652697 SNP sites and 533906 InDel sites were detected from whole-genome resequencing data of 22 samples, providing the data resources and theoretical foundation for the future study about the relevant molecular makers of “Guang chenpi.”
Computed Tomography Image Characteristics before and after Interventional Treatment of Children’s Lymphangioma under Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Yin Chuangao , Wang Song , Pan Deng
Published: December 2021

The artificial intelligence algorithm was used to analyze the characteristics of computed tomography (CT) images before and after interventional treatment of children’s lymphangioma. Retrospective analysis was performed, and 30 children with lymphangioma from the hospital were recruited as the study subjects. The ultrasound-guided bleomycin interventional therapy was adopted and applied to CT scanning through convolutional neural network (CNN). The CT imaging-related indicators before and after interventional therapy were detected, and feature analysis was performed. In addition, the CNN algorithm was adopted to segment the image of the tumor was clearer and more accurate. At the same time, the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of the CNN algorithm was 0.9, which had a higher degree of agreement. In terms of clinical symptoms, the cured children’s lesions disappeared, the skin surface returned to normal color, and the treatment was smooth. In the two cases with effective treatment, the cystic mass at the lesion site was significantly smaller, and the nodules disappeared. CT images before interventional therapy showed that lymphangiomas in children were more common in the neck. The cystic masses at all lesion sites varied in diameter and size, and most of them were similar to round and irregular, with uniform density distribution. The boundary was clear, the cyst was solid, and there were different degrees of compression and spread to the surrounding structure. Most of them were polycystic, and a few of them were single cystic. After interventional treatment, CT images showed that 27 cases of cured children’s lymphangioma completely disappeared. Lymphangioma was significantly reduced in two children with effective treatment. Edema around the tumor also decreased significantly. Patients who did not respond to the treatment received interventional treatment again, and the tumors disappeared completely on CT imaging. No recurrence or new occurrence was found in three-month follow-up. The total effective rate of interventional therapy for lymphangioma in children was 96.67%. The CNN algorithm can effectively compare the CT image features before and after interventional treatment for children’s lymphangioma. It was suggested that the artificial intelligence algorithm-aided CT imaging examination was helpful to guide physicians in the accurate treatment of children’s lymphangioma.
Controlled Hypotension Combined with Femoral Nerve Block for Knee Replacement without Tourniquet
Authors: Wang Liangming , Zheng Yiqiang , Zhang Xiaolu , Ke Qingfeng
Published: December 2021

In the process of knee replacement surgery, the use of tourniquet technology for hemostasis is the most common method. But the adverse reactions of tourniquets in knee replacement surgery have become more prominent in recent years. More and more scholars have begun to advocate the optimization of the use of tourniquet technology, thereby controlling the use of tourniquet technology. In this study, 125 patient cases were randomly divided into four experimental groups for comparative analysis. The two sets of variables are whether to use tourniquet during surgery and use intravenous analgesia or nerve block analgesia. Studies have shown that when using a tourniquet for knee replacement surgery, the chance of hidden blood loss increases after use. The tourniquet was not used during the operation, the patient's thighs were swollen, and postoperative pain was reduced. Compared with intravenous analgesia, knee joint replacement with uncontrolled tourniquet combined with femoral nerve block has a better analgesic effect and can effectively relieve pain after knee replacement. Therefore, under the method of controlled hypotension combined with femoral nerve block, TKA surgery without using tourniquet technology is more conducive to early health recovery and pain relief after TKA surgery, as well as functional exercise and knee joint recovery during postoperative recovery.
CircLDLR Promotes Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Tumorigenicity by Regulating miR-637/LMO4 Axis
Authors: Jiang Yuan-ming , Liu Wei , Jiang Ling , Chang Hongbin
Published: December 2021

Background. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in the development and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the function and molecular mechanism of circRNA low-density lipoprotein receptor (circLDLR) in the tumorigenesis of PTC remain unknown. Results. In this study, circLDLR was found to be markedly upregulated in PTC tissues and cell lines, and knockdown of circLDLR inhibited PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion but induced apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, circLDLR acted as a sponge for miR-637, and miR-637 interference reversed the anticancer effects of circLDLR knockdown on PTC cells. LMO4 was verified to be a target of miR-637; LMO4 upregulation abolished miR-637 mediated inhibition of cell growth and metastasis in PTC. Additionally, circLDLR could indirectly modulate LMO4 via acting as a sponge of miR-637 in PTC cells. Besides that, xenograft analysis showed that circLDLR knockdown suppressed tumor growth in vivo via regulating LMO4 and miR-637. Conclusion. Taken together, these results demonstrated that circLDLR promoted PTC tumorigenesis through miR-637/LMO4 axis, which may provide a novel insight into the understanding of PTC tumorigenesis and be useful in developing potential targets for PTC treatment.
[Retracted] Pop Music Trend and Image Analysis Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: Ren Jinyan
Published: December 2021

With people’s pursuit of music art, a large number of singers began to analyze the trend of music in the future and create music works. Firstly, this study introduces the theory of music pop trend analysis, big data mining technology, and related algorithms. Then, the autoregressive integrated moving (ARIM), random forest, and long‐term and short‐term memory (LSTM) algorithms are used to establish the image analysis and prediction model, analyze the music data, and predict the music trend. The test results of the three models show that when the singer’s songs are analyzed from three aspects: collection, download, and playback times, the LSTM model can predict well the playback times. However, the LSTM model also has some defects. For example, the model cannot accurately predict some songs with large data fluctuations. At the same time, there is no big data gap between the playback times predicted by the ARIM model image analysis and the actual playback times, showing the allowable error fluctuation range. A comprehensive analysis shows that compared with the ARIM algorithm and random forest algorithm, the LSTM algorithm can predict the music trend more accurately. The research results will help many singers create songs according to the current and future music trends and will also make traditional music creation more information‐based and modern.
Laboratory Model Study on the Pile‐Forming Mechanisms and Bearing Deformation Characteristics of CFA Piles
Authors: Zhu Deliang , Li Yue , Zheng Lingwei , Fang Pengfei , Xie Xinyu
Published: December 2021

To study the pile‐forming mechanism and bearing deformation characteristics of continuous flight auger (CFA) piles, a series of procedures, including helical drilling, pulling up/grouting, and inserting cage/pile forming, were simulated in clay‐sand double‐layer foundations by a homemade model drilling machine system in laboratory model tests. The effects of two different pile‐forming methods on the load transfer and bearing characteristics of the piles were investigated by performing a model test comparison of CFA piles and bored piles. The experimental results show that there exist a soil improvement effect around the pile and a diameter expansion effect during the drilling process and grouting process for the CFA pile, which can effectively improve the lateral friction resistance of the pile. Compared with the bored pile, the pile diameter in the middle of the CFA pile increased by 19%, and the total lateral friction resistance of the CFA pile increased by 9.1% at a high load (1500 N). The comparative results of the model tests show that the bearing capacity of a single CFA pile increased by 50.0% and that the total settlement decreased by 40.5%. The results of the in situ test piles show that the load‐settlement curves of the two pile types are similar under low‐medium loads and that the lateral friction resistance of the CFA pile under high loads is better developed, which is relatively consistent with the model test results.
The Role of Nutraceuticals in Osteoarthritis Prevention and Treatment: Focus on n‐3 PUFAs
Authors: Oppedisano Francesca , Bulotta Rosa Maria , Maiuolo Jessica , Gliozzi Micaela , Musolino Vincenzo , Carresi Cristina , Ilari Sara , Serra Maria , Muscoli Carolina , Gratteri Santo , Palma Ernesto , Mollace Vincenzo
Published: December 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease caused by joint degeneration with massive cartilage loss, and obesity is among the risk factors for its onset, though the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease and better therapeutic approach still remain to be assessed. In recent years, several nutraceutical interventions have been investigated in order to define better solutions for preventing and treating OA. Among them, polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs) appear to represent potential candidates in counteracting OA and its consequences, due to their anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and chondroinductive effects. PUFAs have been found to counteract the onset and progression of OA by reducing bone and cartilage destruction, inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the NF‐κB pathway’s activation. Moreover, a diet rich in n‐3 PUFAs and their derivatives (maresins and resolvins) demonstrates beneficial effects on associated pain reduction. Finally, it has been shown that together with the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, their antiapoptotic and antiangiogenic effects contribute in reducing OA development. The present review is aimed at assessing evidence suggesting the potential benefit of nutraceutical supplementation with PUFAs in OA management according to their efficacy in targeting relevant pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for inflammation and joint destruction processes, and this may represent a novel and potentially useful approach in OA prevention and treatment. For that purpose, a PubMed literature survey was conducted with a focus on some in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials from 2015 to 2020.
Influence of Drought Stress and Rehydration on Moisture and Photosynthetic Physiological Changes in Three Epilithic Moss Species in Areas of Karst Rocky Desertification
Authors: Cong Chunlei , Liu Tianlei , Zhang Xianqiang
Published: December 2021

The drought resistance mechanism of typical mosses in the karst area was studied, and the water and photosynthetic physiological adaptation of mosses to karst environmental change was analyzed in this paper, which provided the basis for the restoration and control of karst rocky desertification ecological environment. Three superior plants in the rocky desertification area of Guizhou province were selected; they are, respectively, Erythrodontium julaceum (Schwaegr.) Par., Barbula unguiculata Hedw., and Bryum argenteum Hedw. Results show that the three kinds of plant rock mosses of leaf water potential (Ψs), free water content (

V

a

), total water content, and relative water content (RWC) decreased; bound water (

V

s

), water saturation deficit (WSD), and

V

s

/

V

a

ratio increased; transpiration rate (Tr) fell slightly, under drought stress. The physiological indexes of water have different degrees of recovery after rehydration. The total chlorophyll content shows a trend of first increasing followed by falling and then rising. RWC was negatively related to qN and positively related to

F

v

/

F

m

, yield, ETR, and qP. After rewetting, the fluorescence parameters are returned to average level under mild-to-moderate stress. At the same time, it is hard to get back to the control level under severe pressure. The water use efficiency (WUE) decreased with stress and recovered to different degrees after rehydration.
Cloud Computing Storage Data Access Control Method Based on Dynamic Re-Encryption
Authors: Chen Xiaodan , Zeng Desheng , Pang Shuanglong , Jun Fu
Published: December 2021

In order to improve data security, ensure user privacy, and solve the problems of low data access control accuracy, long time consumption, and high energy consumption in traditional methods, a cloud computing storage data access control method based on dynamic re-encryption is proposed. The principal component analysis method is used to reduce the dimension of the cloud computing storage data, and the random forest algorithm is further used to classify and process the cloud computing storage data according to the processing results. On the basis of data preprocessing, an access control tree is established to obtain the correlation of data nodes. Finally, the dynamic re-encryption method is used for data security state transformation, and the data access control of cloud computing storage is realized through key generation, encryption, re-encryption key generation, and decryption. The experimental results show that the data access control accuracy of the method in this paper is high, time consumption is small, and energy consumption is small, and it is more suitable for cloud computing systems with huge data and information.
Noncoding RNA Roles in Pharmacogenomic Responses to Aspirin: New Molecular Mechanisms for an Old Drug
Authors: Khazeei Tabari Mohammad Amin , Mishan Mohammad Amir , Moradi Mona , Khandan Mohanna , Khoshhal Hooman , Mahrooz Abdolkarim , Bagheri Abouzar
Published: December 2021

Aspirin, as one of the most frequently prescribed drugs, can have therapeutic effects on different conditions such as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders and malignancies. The effects of this common cardiovascular drug are exerted through different molecular and cellular pathways. Altered noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression profiles during aspirin treatments indicate a close relationship between these regulatory molecules and aspirin effects through regulating gene expressions. A better understanding of the molecular networks contributing to aspirin efficacy would help optimize efficient therapies for this very popular drug. This review is aimed at discussing and highlighting the identified interactions between aspirin and ncRNAs and their targeting pathways and better understanding pharmacogenetic responses to aspirin.
Comparison of the Development and Prognosis in Patients of Hypertriglyceridemic Pancreatitis with and without Diabetes
Authors: Liao Wenjian , Niu Xiuxiu , Zhang Wei , Liu Xiaobing
Published: December 2021

Aim. To investigate the clinical features and prognosis in patients of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis with or without diabetes. Methods. 157 patients with hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP) were included in this study. Patients with a previous history of diabetes were identified in the group of HTGP with diabetes (HTGPD), while patients without a history of diabetes were identified in the group of HTGP. The clinical characteristics and prognosis data of these patients in the two groups were analyzed. Results. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, body mass index, glycated serum protein (GSP), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score were significantly associated with mortality in patients with HTGP. The mortality was significantly higher in the HTGPD group than in the HTGP group (

p
<
0.001

). Compared to patients of HTGP, those of HTGPD had older age of onset, higher blood glucose levels, and higher GSP levels on admission. Electrocardiograms showed that patients of HTGPD had a significantly higher risk of heart ischemia than those of HTGP (

p
<
0.05

). Patients of HTGPD had higher APACHE II scores than those of HTGP (

p
<
0.001

). Single-factor analysis showed that higher triglyceride levels, GSP, LDL, and previous history of diabetes were associated with HTGP recurrence. Conclusions. Clinicians should be alert to patients of HTGP with diabetes. Diabetes is an important risk factor for HTGP and hyperglycemia may affect the development and prognosis of HTGP.
A Comparison of Autometrics and Penalization Techniques under Various Error Distributions: Evidence from Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Khan Faridoon , Urooj Amena , Ullah Kalim , Alnssyan Badr , Almaspoor Zahra
Published: December 2021

This work compares Autometrics with dual penalization techniques such as minimax concave penalty (MCP) and smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) under asymmetric error distributions such as exponential, gamma, and Frechet with varying sample sizes as well as predictors. Comprehensive simulations, based on a wide variety of scenarios, reveal that the methods considered show improved performance for increased sample size. In the case of low multicollinearity, these methods show good performance in terms of potency, but in gauge, shrinkage methods collapse, and higher gauge leads to overspecification of the models. High levels of multicollinearity adversely affect the performance of Autometrics. In contrast, shrinkage methods are robust in presence of high multicollinearity in terms of potency, but they tend to select a massive set of irrelevant variables. Moreover, we find that expanding the data mitigates the adverse impact of high multicollinearity on Autometrics rapidly and gradually corrects the gauge of shrinkage methods. For empirical application, we take the gold prices data spanning from 1981 to 2020. While comparing the forecasting performance of all selected methods, we divide the data into two parts: data over 1981–2010 are taken as training data, and those over 2011–2020 are used as testing data. All methods are trained for the training data and then are assessed for performance through the testing data. Based on a root‐mean‐square error and mean absolute error, Autometrics remain the best in capturing the gold prices trend and producing better forecasts than MCP and SCAD.
Optimization and Practice for Partition Pressure Relief of Deep Mining Roadway Using Empty-Hole and Deep-Hole Blasting to Weaken Coal
Authors: Chen Baobao , Liu Changyou , Wu Fengfeng
Published: December 2021

Rockbursts are among the most harmful dynamic disasters, threatening the personnel safety and mine operation. In order to alleviate stress concentration of roadsides and prevent rockbursts, the large-diameter boreholes and deep-hole blasting are employed for partition pressure relief in the deep mining roadway. Combined with failure behavior and stress distribution of the coal, the multilevel division of risk degree for roadsides stress is determined. Based on the orthogonal test of borehole pressure relief in the general danger partition, the response degree of quantitative indexes to main factors influencing the pressure relief effect is considered. The optimal drilling parameters of 120.0 mm diameter, 20.0 m depth, 1.0 m hole spacing, and 5° elevation angle are obtained, determining the stress boundary of safe pressure relief with boreholes. At higher dangerous stress divisions, the optimized blasting parameters through numerical simulation could be obtained as follows: 15.0 m depth, 1.3 decoupling coefficient, and 2.0 m hole spacing, and meanwhile, a stress relief partition of crisscross cracks with 0.61 m height is formed. The roadsides stress could be well controlled within the safe level. Then, an optimal combination of pressure relief is applied to different stress partition of roadsides, and the effectiveness is validated by field test, which proves remarkably applicable for engineering.
Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography Postprocessing Technology in the Imaging Diagnosis of Extremities and Joints
Authors: Yang Weihua , Wang Fei
Published: December 2021

Objective. To improve the clinical detection rate of bone and joint fractures of the extremities and to explore the value and significance of the application of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) postprocessing technology in diagnosis. Methods. 80 patients with bone and joint fractures of the extremities admitted to the hospital were selected as the research objects. The patients received X-ray digital radiography (DR) plain film examination and then MSCT examination. At the same time, multiplane reconstruction (MPR) and surface shadow display (SSD) and volume rendering three-dimensional imaging (VRT) technology and other postprocessing technologies compare the differences in the detection rate of limbs and joint fractures between the two inspection methods. Results. A total of 100 fractures were found in 80 patients. The detection rate of X-ray DR was 69%. After MSCT postprocessing technology, the detection rates of MPR, SSD, and VRT were 96%, 98%, and 99%, respectively. The accuracy of MSCT postprocessing technology in diagnosing extremity bone and joint fractures was significantly higher than that of DR, and the difference between groups was statistically significant. Conclusion. MSCT postprocessing technology for patients with extremity bone and joint fractures has a good effect. It is not only noninvasive but also has a high detection rate. It can significantly reduce the missed and misdiagnosed rate and provide detailed imaging data for the formulation of clinical treatment plans.
Analgesic Use and Circulating Estrogens, Androgens, and Their Metabolites in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study
Authors: Hurwitz Lauren M. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Tabung Fred K. , Anderson Garnet L. , Saquib Nazmus , Wallace Robert B. , Wild Robert A. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Xu Xia , Trabert Britton
Published: December 2021

Though studies have observed inverse associations between use of analgesics (aspirin, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen) and the risk of several cancers, the potential biological mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. We investigated the relationship between analgesic use and serum concentrations of estrogens, androgens, and their metabolites among postmenopausal women to provide insights on whether analgesic use might influence endogenous hormone levels, which could in turn influence hormone-related cancer risk. The study included 1,860 postmenopausal women from two case–control studies nested within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Analgesic use was reported at study baseline. Fifteen estrogens and estrogen metabolites and 12 androgens and androgen metabolites were quantified in baseline serum by LC/MS-MS. Linear regression with inverse probability weighting, stratified by menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use, was used to estimate adjusted geometric mean concentrations of each hormone by analgesic use. Among women not currently using MHT (n = 951), low-dose aspirin (<100 mg) use was associated with a higher serum concentration of estrone, estradiol, and 2, 4, and 16 hydroxylated metabolites. Use of regular-dose aspirin (≥100 mg), non-aspirin NSAIDs, and acetaminophen was not associated with serum concentrations of estrogens, androgens, or their metabolites. This study highlights the importance of examining aspirin use by dose and suggests that low-dose aspirin may influence endogenous estrogen concentrations.

Prevention relevance:

This study explores a potential pathway by which analgesic medications such as aspirin may prevent hormone-related cancers. The findings support a positive association between low-dose aspirin use and endogenous estrogens, indicating that further elucidation of the interplay between low-dose aspirin, estrogen concentrations, and cancer risk is needed.
Blockade or Deletion of IFNγ Reduces Macrophage Activation without Compromising CAR T-cell Function in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Bailey Stefanie R. , Vatsa Sonika , Larson Rebecca C. , Bouffard Amanda A. , Scarfò Irene , Kann Michael C. , Berger Trisha R. , Leick Mark B. , Wehrli Marc , Schmidts Andrea , Silva Harrison , Lindell Kevin A. , Demato Ashley , Gallagher Kathleen M.E. , Frigault Matthew J. , Maus Marcela V.
Published: December 2021

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells induce impressive responses in patients with hematologic malignancies but can also trigger cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a systemic toxicity caused by activated CAR T cells and innate immune cells. Although IFNγ production serves as a potency assay for CAR T cells, its biologic role in conferring responses in hematologic malignancies is not established. Here we show that pharmacologic blockade or genetic knockout of IFNγ reduced immune checkpoint protein expression with no detrimental effect on antitumor efficacy against hematologic malignancies in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, IFNγ blockade reduced macrophage activation to a greater extent than currently used cytokine antagonists in immune cells from healthy donors and serum from patients with CAR T-cell–treated lymphoma who developed CRS. Collectively, these data show that IFNγ is not required for CAR T-cell efficacy against hematologic malignancies, and blocking IFNγ could simultaneously mitigate cytokine-related toxicities while preserving persistence and antitumor efficacy.

Significance:

Blocking IFNγ in CAR T cells does not impair their cytotoxicity against hematologic tumor cells and paradoxically enhances their proliferation and reduces macrophage-mediated cytokines and chemokines associated with CRS. These findings suggest that IFNγ blockade may improve CAR T-cell function while reducing treatment-related toxicity in hematologic malignancies.

See interview with Stefanie R. Bailey, PhD, recipient of the 2023 Blood Cancer Discovery Award for Outstanding Journal Article: https://vimeo.com/847433865

See related content by McNerney et al., p. 90 (17).

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 85
Potential Role of IFNγ Inhibition in Refractory Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated with CAR T-cell Therapy
Authors: McNerney Kevin O. , DiNofia Amanda M. , Teachey David T. , Grupp Stephan A. , Maude Shannon L.
Published: December 2021

Here we review the pathophysiology and management of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) secondary to immunotherapy, and potential options for CRS refractory to IL6 inhibition and glucocorticoids, for which there are no proven treatments. To illustrate, we describe a patient with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed refractory grade 4 CRS following CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, treated with tocilizumab, methylprednisolone, siltuximab, and the IFNγ inhibitor emapalumab, with complete remission from leukemia for 12 months.

See related article by Bailey et al., (15).