bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential oil chemotypes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivated in four different farmers in Southwest of Paraná State - Brazil
Authors: Carneiro Vaneza Paula Poplawski , Pinc Mariana Moraes , Cruz Rayane Monique Sete da , Gumy Mariane Pavani , Biezus Bruna Freitas , Alberton Odair
Published: November 2022

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) has economic value for its medicinal and nutritional properties. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and phytochemical profile of essential oil (EO) from turmeric rhizomes produced by family farmers in rural communities in Francisco Beltrão – PR, and soil microbiological quality from those farmers. Four turmeric farmers from the communities of São Braz, Rio Tuna, Rio Saudade and Nova Sessão were selected. Soil samples and rhizomes of turmeric were collected and subsequently evaluated for soil microbial biomass carbon, soil basal respiration and soil metabolic quotient and EO yield of rhizomes by hydrodistillation. After, EO yield (%) was calculated and the chemical identification by GC/MS. The Nova Sessão community had better soil microbiological quality, whereas the EO yield (3.02%) was higher for the Rio Tuna community. The four rural communities showed good results for the EO yield (ranging from 1.68 to 3.02% and compared to the literature, which ranged from 0.2 to 5.27%), with the São Braz community, showing a significant reduction and the Rio Tuna community had the highest EO yield. Also was observed variation in the major EO chemical compounds, e.g.: ar-turmerone (44.27 to 64.21%), curlone (12.27 to 20.83%), α-zingiberene (1.30 to 15.97%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (1.24 to 10.07%). It is concluded that among the four communities studied, there was significant variation in the EO yield and differences in EO quality of turmeric, especially in the major components ar-turmerone and α-zingiberene.
Thermal properties and processability of modified poly(L-lactide): the role of phenylacetic acid hydrazide derivative
Authors: Huang Hao , Cai Yanhua , Zhao Lisha
Published: November 2022

The influence of phenylacetic acid hydrazide (NAPAH) derivative content, melt temperature (170−200°C) and cooling rate (1−20°C/min) on poly (L-lactide) (PLLA) nucleation were investigated. Increasing the content of NAPAH (0.5−3.0 wt.%) had a positive effect on PLLA crystallization, while an increase in the cooling rate and heating temperature had a negative effect. In the case of isothermal crystallization carried out for a long time (180 min), the melting process depended only on the crystallization temperature. NAPAH also influenced the cold crystallization temperature, reduced thermal stability and improved PLLA processability (MFR).
Gamma-induced grafting of rice straw cellulose with polyvinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Suhartini Meri , Tachrim Zetryana Puteri , Anggarini Niken Hayudanti , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Prasetyani Amanda , Melawati June , Deswita Deswita , Sugeng Bambang
Published: November 2022

Cellulose obtained from rice straw was grafted with polyvinylpyrrolidone (Cell-g-PVP). The process was induced by simultaneous gamma iradiation (Co-60). The presence of the grafted PVP chains was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD and EDS methods. The influence of the iradiation dose (20 and 30 kGy) on the reaction efficiency and thermal stability of Cell-g-PVP was investigated. The grafting yield at the dose of 30 kGy was about 56%. The higher dose of radiation resulted in better thermal stability. The AAS results showed that Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cr(II) ions can be adsorbed by Cell-g-PVP. The order of ion metals adsorption capacity of Cell-g-PVP was Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Cr(II). The adsorption isotherm of Cu(II) metal ion using the Cell-g-PVP followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm whereas the chemical adsorption and the adsorption energy were constant on all sides of the copolymer.
Lifestyles and cities of the future – Rome and Montreal: comparing two realities
Authors: Capuano Alessandra , Montgomery Jason , Morgia Federica
Published: November 2022

This article presents the results of an international research project carried out in Italy and Canada, conducted by architects, landscape architects, sociologists and medical doctors. The study originated in the conviction that health and well-being are crucial objectives integrated within the notion of a sustainable city. For this reason, the configuration of urban space plays a decisive role in defining lifestyles and can contribute to improving the welfare of citizens. Many of today’s diseases are caused by a sedentary lifestyle; it is essential, therefore, to centre prevention on the promotion of physical well-being encouraging an active lifestyle, which can be achieved by changing the urban structure. With the aim of bringing about sustainable and healthy lifestyles, streets are in vogue. Streets are meeting and experimental places, theatres of everyday life and settings for cultural events. They provide crucial urban space for people and, in the context of urban studies, offer intellectual research nourishment to reflect on this fundamental element of the structure of the city. The research project presented here is aimed at encouraging active lifestyles, walkability and the use of public transport by facilitating accessibility to four sites in Rome and Montreal, and by exploring the potential leveraging of existing infrastructures and services. The research-based design proposals start with the idea of redeveloping the system of public spaces, beginning with the increase of bicycle and pedestrian routes in relation to schools, commerce, sports facilities and archaeological heritage. The goal is to build feasible, safe, recognisable and attractive routes and well-equipped public spaces in order to discourage the use of private vehicles, especially for short trips. The projects presented here are based on a systemic vision and make use of existing, but often abandoned or undervalued, spaces and resources.
Invited discussant comments during the UCL–Penn Global COVID Study webinar ‘How Do We Trust (Again): Paranoia and Mental Health’: part 2 of 2
Authors: Cooke Mitch
Published: November 2022

Loneliness has been reported by the UCL–Penn Global COVID Study participants throughout the pandemic year, not surprisingly, although this has been an issue that has been manifesting itself even before the pandemic. In identifying loneliness in communities, the built environment industry and professionals have been looking at how good and targeted design in the public realm and master planning can help to firstly design interventions and secondly orchestrate or manage these spaces in a way that helps create opportunities to address loneliness. Furthermore, how these spaces create opportunities for people to both interact with each other but also interact with the space can help connect people together and with nature/biodiversity. In doing so this also helps to create better health outcomes for mental health and wellbeing, as well as physical health and wellbeing.

Coronavirus (Covid-19) and the associated lockdown periods have caused people to reconnect with local green spaces and has focused the attention to what these spaces provide in terms of opportunities and benefits for people. As a result, the value placed on these and the expectation of how they will provide value to communities is increasing and will continue to increase in the post-Covid-19 world. Better connected, activated and well-structured public realm and green spaces will be central to the development of projects and schemes for housing, and mixed used schemes in the forthcoming years.
Anthropocene, Capitalocene, and Other "-Cenes"
Authors: Soriano Carles
Published: November 2022

The perception that we are living in a critical historical period regarding the conditions of habitability on Earth—not only for humans but for many other living organisms too—is gaining more and more adepts among common people, academics, politicians, and social movements. This critical period has been typified as the planetary crisis of the Anthropocene Epoch and studies undertaken in the present century show that habitability on Earth is progressively deteriorating.
End of Cold War Illusions
Authors: Magdoff Harry , Sweezy Paul M.
Published: November 2022

In this reprint of the February 1994 "Notes from the Editors," former MR editors Harry Magdoff and Paul M. Sweezy ask: "The United States could not have won a more decisive victory in the Cold War. Why, then, does it continue to act as though the Cold War is still on?"
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PERASURANSIAN MELALUI LEMBAGA ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA SEKTOR JASA KEUANGAN (LAPS SJK)
Authors: Ulinihayati Ni’ma , Husein Yunus
Published: November 2022

Asuransi sebagai perjanjian antara perusahaan asuransi dengan pemegang polis dalam pelaksanaannya seringkali terjadi perselisihan yang berujung pada sengketa yang tidak dapat diselesaikan melalui internal dispute resolutions. Sehingga diperlukan upaya lain untuk menyelesaikan sengketa tersebut baik melalui jalur litigasi atau non-litigasi dengan melalui lembaga alternatif penyelesaian sengketa. POJK 61/POJK.07/2020 menjadi dasar bagi LAPS SJK menjalankan tugas sebagai lembaga alternatif penyelesaian sengketa di sektor jasa keuangan Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini dibahas mengenai penyelesaian sengketa perasuransian melalui LAPS SJK dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan meneliti bahan pustaka dan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan. Terdapat dua layanan yaitu mediasi dan arbitrase yang dapat dipilih oleh para pihak untuk menyelesaikan sengketa perasuransian yang terjadi.
Professional Teacher Language: Its Contexts, Functions, and Potential to Further Teachers’ Professionalism
Authors: Schlick Manuela
Published: November 2022

Much attention has been dedicated to the professional development of teachers and how their professional knowledge base is formed in teacher education, but little attention has been paid to the surface level of such measures, that is the professional language used and developed within teacher education. The first part of this article presents a definition of professional teacher language and provides overviews for its contexts and functions in order to conceptualise its role for teachers’ professional development and its potential for teacher education. To further illustrate this potential, a cognitive-linguistic perspective is applied to discuss the relationship of practical teacher knowledge and its verbalisation. This touches on the fundamental question of what proportion and aspects of teachers’ professional knowledge base can be made explicit through language and how language can help to form this knowledge base. The second part contextualises and discusses results from an empirical qualitative study of practitioner teachers’ discussing their practice in a professional learning group. This illustrates one methodological approach to exploring how practitioners verbalise their decision making in practice within professional discourse in a professional learning community.
Using Competition Law to Link Regulation and Development
Authors: Gutiérrez Juan David , Suárez Andrés Felipe
Published: November 2022

Regulatory processes and debates are often informed by competition assessments issued by antitrust agencies, who advocate against potentially anticompetitive governmental regulations. While these opinions are usually not binding for regulators, the participation of antitrust agencies may have significant influence over the outcome of regulatory processes. This article examines whether antitrust agencies use their competition assessments to link regulation and development. The research addresses two research questions: first, do antitrust agencies consider development, directly or indirectly, as a guiding criterion in their competition assessments of regulatory projects? And second, what does development mean for these agencies in the context of competition assessments? A case study approach was used to answer the research questions, analyzing the cases of three countries of Latin America: Argentina, Colombia, and El Salvador. Based on the examination of over 300 competition assessments published by the antitrust agencies and on the semi-structured interviews of antitrust agencies’ former and current officials, we report four main findings: (i) the studied agencies frequently used the term “development” in their competition assessments to explain the policy context, the objectives of the regulatory proposals, and the potential benefits of competitive markets.; (ii) the meaning of “development” that prevailed among the three cases studies corresponds to a narrow understanding of “economic development” (e.g. a synonym of economic growth); (iii) the case of Colombia stands out because some of the competition assessments explicitly recognize the importance of broader conceptions of development, including sustainability; and, (iv) competition advocacy was used by the studied agencies to link regulation and development through their reports and recommendations on regulatory projects.
Simultaneous treatment of a pubovesical fistula and lymph node metastasis secondary to multimodal treatment for prostate cancer: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Cochetti Giovanni , Paladini Alessio , Felici Graziano , Tancredi Angelica , Cellini Valerio , Del Zingaro Michele , Mearini Ettore
Published: November 2022

Pubovesical fistula (PVF) is a rare complication of radical treatments for prostate cancer (PCa), especially when a multimodal approach is performed. We present a case of PVF with extensive communication between the bladder and the pubic bones, and lymph node metastases of PCa treated by cystectomy and salvage lymphadenectomy. We describe a case of a 65-year old male patient who, after radical prostatectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy, suffered from suprapubic and perineal pain, ambulation difficulties and recurrent urinary tract infections. Cystoscopy, cystography and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging diagnosed a PVF. Choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan demonstrated PCa lymph node metastases. After the failure of conservative treatment, open radical cystectomy with ureterocutaneostomy diversion and salvage lymphadenectomy were performed with resolution of symptoms. At 3-month follow-up, the pelvic and perineal pain was completely regressed and 1-year later the patient was still asymptomatic. This clinical case shows efficacy and safety of combined salvage lymphadenectomy and cystectomy with urinary diversion for the treatment of late PCa node metastasis and PVF.
Preparation of silver nanosheet-assembled film as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate
Authors: Wang Yuhai , Wang Chunxu , Zhang Yongling , Wang Jia , Wang Li
Published: November 2022

In this work, we demonstrate a simple method for the fabrication of silver (Ag) nanosheet-assembled film on aluminum (Al) foil based on the galvanic displacement reaction between Al and Ag+. In order to obtain Ag nanosheets with large area and high aggregation density, both F− and H+ ions were introduced into the reaction system to etch the barrier layer Al2O3 on Al foils and promote the increase of the number of Ag nuclei. Therefore, Ag nuclei grew into nanosheets with citrate ions as the shape control agent. By varying the reaction parameters, Ag nanosheet film was optimized for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. The Ag nanosheet film prepared by the presented method exhibit the advantages of controllable morphology, good SERS activity, and distribution in large area, which could be utilized as a promising SERS-active candidate substrate for analytical applications.
Exploring the gendered mental health experiences of adolescents in Gaza during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Abu Hamad Bassam A. , Jones Nicola A. , Baird Sarah J. , Abuhamad Shoroq H. , Diab Riyad A. , Oakley Erin M. , Małachowska Agnieszka M.
Published: November 2022

Adolescent mental health is increasingly recognized as a critical concern. Globally, suicide is among the top 5 causes of death for 15–19-year-olds (girls and boys). In the Middle East and North Africa, the prevalence of mental disorders (17.3% for girls and 16.8% for boys) is the second highest in the world. The Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated adolescents’ vulnerabilities, particularly through the impacts of lockdowns and school closures. This article explores adolescent experiences in Gaza, drawing on mixed-methods research carried out in late 2020 in refugee camps (29%) and urban settings (71%). The sample involved phone surveys with 505 adolescent girls and boys (12–19 years) and their caregivers, in-depth interviews with a subsample of 77 adolescents, and 9 key informant interviews with service providers. Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8, 9% of adolescents show signs of moderate-to-severe depression, and 19% reported moderate-to-severe anxiety, according to the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, with older adolescents (15–19 years) more vulnerable overall, and older girls more prone to self-harm ideation. However, older boys were significantly more likely to turn to substance use as a coping mechanism than older girls (18% vs. 6%). The drivers of these negative mental health impacts during the pandemic include deepening household economic vulnerabilities, heightened intra-family tensions (boys and men spending more time at home, increasing domestic work burdens on girls and women), and isolation from peer networks, especially for girls. We conclude by discussing implications for policy and programming, in line with Sustainable Development Goal 3, to promote mental health and well-being for all. Measures include investing in age- and gender-responsive interventions (including social protection) to support positive coping repertoires among adolescents, mitigating risks of substance abuse, investing in counseling services (online and in-person), and paying particular attention to the most disadvantaged adolescents, especially those out of formal education.
Building a Sustainable Community Archaeology in Black Appalachia
Authors: Gokee Cameron , Wright Alice P. , Deathridge Kristen Baldwin
Published: November 2022

Junaluska is a historically Black community in the southern Appalachian town of Boone, North Carolina. In 2020, we began a collaborative archaeology project with the community-based Junaluska Heritage Association to address two community concerns: (1) identifying unmarked graves at the Clarissa Hill Cemetery and (2) learning more about the nineteenth and early twentieth-century origins of Junaluska. Here we present our ongoing work on these heritage issues, including a survey of local residents, archaeological geophysics and excavation, and public outreach. We argue that community archaeology in Junaluska can be a model for collaborative heritage management and antiracist scholarship elsewhere in the US.
Structural and optical properties of Wurtzite phase MgO: first principles calculation
Authors:   Department of Exact Sciences, ENS Ouargla, Algeria, Benkrima Y. , Souigat A. ,   Department of Exact Sciences, ENS Ouargla, Algeria, Korichi Z. ,   Department of Exact Sciences, ENS Ouargla, Algeria, Soudani M. E. ,   Laboratory for the Development of New and Renewable Energies in Arid and Saharan Zones, Faculty of Mathematics and Materials Science, Kasdi Merbah Ouargla Universiti, Ouargla 30000 Algeria.
Published: November 2022

The pseudo ab initio ability is based on density function theory (DFT), use of generalized gradient approximation (GGA), local density approximation (LDA).We use of the Siesta symbol for the first time in studying this particular compound and the wurtzite phase that enabled us to find the structural and optical properties of MgO in its crystal structure (B4) wurtzite. Where the structural results indicated that the wurtzite phase has lattice constants very close to what was found previously in applied studies, and all the calculated properties such as absorption coefficient, reflectivity, extinction, refractive index, imaginary and real part of the constant show that the dielectric has an energy gap greater than 3.27 eV, meaning that it can be used in applications in the ultraviolet (UV) region, and all properties calculated by approximation (GGA) give slightly better results than the use case approximation (LDA).The results obtained when we study the compound MgO wurtzite are a reference for further theoretical and experimental studies.
Photocatalytical degradation of methyl orange (MO) using ZnO nanoparticles from alkaline wasted batteries. The effect of the MO, catalyst, and organic loads
Authors:   Institute of Technology and Engineering, Autonomous University of Juarez City, 450 Del Charro Av.32310, Juárez City, Chihuahua, México, Arroyo-Ortega G. , Hernández Paz J. F. ,   Institute of Technology and Engineering, Autonomous University of Juarez City, 450 Del Charro Av.32310, Juárez City, Chihuahua, México, Olivas Armendariz I. ,   Institute of Technology and Engineering, Autonomous University of Juarez City, 450 Del Charro Av.32310, Juárez City, Chihuahua, México, Camacho-Montes H. ,   Institute of Technology and Engineering, Autonomous University of Juarez City, 450 Del Charro Av.32310, Juárez City, Chihuahua, México, López-Díaz-De León C. ,   Institute of Technology and Engineering, Autonomous University of Juarez City, 450 Del Charro Av.32310, Juárez City, Chihuahua, México, Reyes-Blas H. ,   Institute of Technology and Engineering, Autonomous University of Juarez City, 450 Del Charro Av.32310, Juárez City, Chihuahua, México, Rodríguez-González C. A. ,   Institute of Technology and Engineering, Autonomous University of Juarez City, 450 Del Charro Av.32310, Juárez City, Chihuahua, México
Published: November 2022

The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) using ZnO nanoparticles is reported. NPs in the range of 40-60 nm were obtained from wasted alkaline batteries anodes. The effect of the MO concentration and the catalyst load were analyzed finding that NPs exhibited similar photocatalytic activities than those reported for ZnO-NPs obtained from pure sources when similar conditions are used. The effect of the organic loads (COD from 60 to 900 ppm) in the catalyst efficiency was studied detecting that COD:60 ppm does not affect the ZnO photocatalytical properties. However, high COD loads (600-900 ppm) make the degradation efficiency almost null.
Impact of MSME Tax Incentive Policy Affected by Covid-19 on Tax Compliance
Authors: Rudianti Walid , Ningrum Septi Widya
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to analyze the existence of government policies regarding MSMEs Tax Incentives affected by COVID-19 on MSMEs tax compliance. This type of research was descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. All data collected in this study was obtained by conducting interviews and direct observations of MSMEs actors who applied for MSMEs tax incentives affected by COVID-19, also supported by data and interviews with the tax authorities, namely the Tax Office Purbalingga Regency. The results of this study indicated that the MSMEs tax incentive policy affected by COVID-19 had a positive effect on MSMEs tax compliance in Banjarnegara Regency. Field research conducted by researchers stated that the provision of Tax Incentives listed in PMK-44/PMK.03/2020 regarding income tax (PPh) MSMEs borne by the government in general had been able to satisfy the expectations of taxpayers, the transfer of MSMEs tax values ​​that were transferred to capital values ​​could provide a good effect for the business continuity of MSMEs actors affected by COVID-19, the businesses they ran could bounce back and from this, it is hoped that MSMEs actors can be encouraged to improve their compliance.
Pendampingan Bipartit Dalam Kasus Ketenagakerjaan
Authors: Lestari Rachmatika , Wirna Rosa Maulida , Fahreza Farhan Deka , Sahbana Cut Ali
Published: November 2022

Abstrak

Pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan memberikan konsultasi dan pendampingan hukum kepada pekerja kasus ketenagakerjaan. Melalui pemberian konsultasi dan pendampingan hukum, masyarakat menjadi lebih meningkat pemahaman hukumnya dan sadar akan hak-hak mereka yang dilindungi oleh peraturan perundang-undangan. Adanya PHK dari perusahaan terhadap pekerja dapat memicu timbulnya perbedaan pendapat antara para pihak mengenai alasan terjadinya PHK, terutama bagi pihak pekerja yang merasa dirugikan dan menuntut agar dipenuhi hak-haknya sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Oleh sebab itu, berdasarkan ketentuan UU Ketenagakerjaan, perusahaan harus mengupayakan terlebih dahulu penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial melalui musyawarah untuk tidak langsung melakukan tindakan PHK. Apabila harus melakukan tindakan PHK, perusahaan harus memperhatikan ketentuan dan prosedur tentang PHK sesuai dengan aturan perundang-undangan agar proses dan langkah yang dilakukan tidak menjadi batal demi hukum. Jika PHK telah terjadi, maka penyelesaian perselisihan dapat ditempuh melalui beberapa cara yaitu penyelesaian melalui perundingan bipartit, mediasi atau konsiliasi, dan penyelesaian di Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial.

Kata Kunci: pendampingan; bipartit; kasus ketenagakerjaan

 

Abstract

This community service aims to provide legal consultation and assistance to employment case workers so that the community becomes more understanding of the law and aware of their rights protected by the laws and regulations. The existence of layoffs can trigger differences of opinion between the parties, especially workers who feel aggrieved and demand that their rights are fulfilled in accordance with applicable regulations. Therefore, the company must first seek the resolution of industrial relations disputes through deliberation not to directly carry out layoff actions. If layoffs are carried out, the company must pay attention to the provisions and procedures based on the laws and regulations so that the processes and steps taken do not become null and void. If layoffs have occurred, then dispute resolution can be reached through several ways, namely settlement through bipartite negotiations, mediation or conciliation, and settlement in the Industrial Relations Court.

Keywords: mentoring; bipartite; employment case
Upaya Menumbuhkan Nilai-Nilai Anti Korupsi Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hidayah Nur Putri , Esfandiari Fitria
Published: November 2022

Indeks Persepsi Korupsi (IPK) Indonesia saat ini berada diangka 38, naik empat poin sejak 2014 yang berada di angka 34. Namun kenaikan ini masih belum bisa diapresiasi karena IPK di bawah 50 menunjukan Indonesia masih rawan korupsi. Agar pemberantasan korupsi di Indonesia semakin masif dan intensif, maka seluruh elemen masyarakat di Indonesia harus mengambil peran dalam pemberantasan korupsi, tidak terkecuali siswa sekolah dasar. Siswa sekolah dasar dapat mengambil peran melalui penerapan nilai-nilai anti korupsi sebagai upaya membangun integritas diri. Salah satu cara melalui pembelajaran dengan media video mapun poster. Metode ini digunakan karena kondisi pandemi COVID-19 saat ini menyebabkan pertemuan tatap muka tidak mungkin dilakukan. Hasil pengabdian menunjukan bahwa ada peningkatan pemahaman nilai-nilai anti korupsi pada siswa sekolah dasar dan kantin kejujuran dapat dijadikan sarana dan prasarana praktik siswa dalam menerapkan nilai-nilai anti korupsi seperti jujur, bertanggung jawab, disiplin dan adil.
If There Were No War: Demographic Indicators Forecast for Vyshgorodsky District, Kyiv Oblast
Authors: GUNKO N. V. , KUKUSH O. G. , MELEKESTSEVA A. A.
Published: November 2022

Demographic processes have been disturbed on those Ukrainian territories which have undergone occupation as a result of Russian Federation’s war against Ukraine. However, in order to rebuild such territories, local authorities need information on the prospects of demographic situation. Therefore, determining possible information sources and choosing models to forecast demographic indicators for local communities is relevant. The purpose of this work is identifying possible information sources and choosing models to predict demographic indicators for local communities; forecasting of population numbers, birth rate and mortality via splines for Vyshgorodsky district, Kyiv oblast communities. Novelty: forecasting of demographic indicators for local communities via spline functions. It has been shown that retrospective demographic research at local communities level is possible, if the communities’ contemporary borders correspond to the past administrative and territorial division. However, there are certain limitations regarding the indicators set. The analysis of 1979-2020 data on population numbers, birth rate and mortality for Ivankivsky and Polisky local communities has shown that the 1986-1988 data cannot be used for forecasting, since it varies considerably. This has been caused by the evacuation of residents from Chornobyl Exclusion Zone and administrative and territorial changes. The usage of spline functions in forecasting has shown that splines which have 5-7 knots are optimal. The most adequate forecasts of population numbers can be obtained via cubic splines, whereas the most trustworthy forecasts of birth rate and mortality – via linear continuous splines. It has been determined that the last years’ trends in population numbers, birth rate and mortality would continue in Vyshgorodsky district, Kyiv oblast local communities during 2021-2024. Due to hostilities on the territory of the district, there is no true data on demographic situation, and actual data may turn out to be far from the forecasted because of families with children emigration and mortality growth. Further research to improve the methodology of demographic forecasting by taking into account accidents that cause unfavorable demographic consequences is necessary.
To the Philosophy of Moral Economy: Conceptology of Anthropocentrism (Part I)
Authors: KOLOT A. M. , HERASYMENKO O. O.
Published: November 2022

The article presents authors’ vision of the philosophical platform for building a moral economy as one of the fundamental foundations of the formation of a new economic theory capable of reflecting development trends of the economy and the network society of the first half of the 21st century. The relevance of a new perspective on moral economy development, in which the vectors, priorities, and hierarchy of socially significant actions and social progress as a whole are changing, is determined by the heated scientific debate and polemic regarding the essence and nature of ecosystem in the new socioeconomic reality. The purpose of the article is to promote a fundamental rethinking of moral economy phenomenon, prerequisites for its formation with an emphasis on people-oriented development, strengthening the role of values, culture, decent work, solidarity, which should establish a new level of social quality in the future. To argue the concept of moral economy, general scientific and special methods of scientific research have been used - theoretical generalization, induction and deduction, logical justification, abstract-logical, historical, hypothetical methods. The elements of novelty are theoretical and methodological concepts regarding the essence and nature of moral economy and evidence confirming the proposed hypothesis of its necessary development as an objective reaction of societies and their leading social forces to the new global reality, which has scientific-technical, socio-economic, demographic and institutional prerequisites. Moral economy’s interpretation in the most general and detailed formulation, as opposed to the “product” approach, is given. The proposed concept of moral economy is revealed through its functions - methodological, socio-economic and institutional; organizational and managerial; worldview. Circumstances and processes that restrain socio-economic relations development on the basis of anthropocentrism and become a kind of “thrombus” on the way to building a new type of economy are singled out. The true role of culture in the economic sphere in the context of the relationship between culture, ethics and moral economy is revealed. The hypothesis that the unifying link between economy and culture is value is put forward. Values are considered as a resource, motive, source and existential foundation of positive social and labor dynamics. Assumptions are made regarding the parallel between phenomena and processes that generate a shortage of decent work, on the one hand, and development of the economy, which claims the status of “uncultured”, “immoral”, “non-human-centered”, on the other. The expressed hypothesis regarding unidirectionality of the principles of formation and functioning of moral economy and phenomenon of identity is argued. A thesis that the formation of moral economy will accelerate under condition of using the potential of solidarity is substantiated.
HEPATOTROPIC EFFECTS OF TRIPLE ANTIULCER THERAPY AND PLACENTA CRYOEXTRACT: THE ROLE OF SEX FACTORS IN LIPOPEROXIDATION
Authors:   ’Chernivtsi Regional Perinatal Center’, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Koshurba I.V. , Hladkykh F.V. ,   nstitute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,   State Organization «Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kharkiv, Ukraine, Chyzh M.O. ,   nstitute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Belochkina I.V. ,   nstitute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Rubleva T.V. ,   State Organization «Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the work was to reveal the role of sex factors in the processes of lipid peroxidation (LPO) against the background of chronic ethanol-tetrachloromethane-induced liver damage and the hepatotropic effects of triple antiulcer therapy and cryopreserved placenta extract (CEP). Chronic ethanol-tetrachloromethane-induced liver damage was induced by the introduction of a CCl4 solution in combination with an ethanol solution for 45 days. The content of reactants with thiobarbituric acid (TBA-active products) and catalase activity were measured in liver homogenates. Modulation of the content of sex hormones was achieved by surgical ovariectomy or testectomy. The study showed that the combined intravenous administration of esomeprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole to rats with chronic ethanol-tetrachloromethane-induced liver damage caused an inhibition of the antioxidant defense system, this was indicated by a statistically significant decrease in catalase activity by 38.4% and a decrease in the antioxidant-prooxidant index by 35.1%, compared with the parameters of intact rats. The most significant activation of LPO processes was noted in females against the background of chronic ethanol-tetrachloromethaneinduced liver damage and the administration of anti-ulcer drugs after ovariectomy. In this case, the content of TBAactive products was 36.1 ± 2.79 μmol/kg of tissue. It was established that in castrated females, the combined use of anti-ulcer drugs and CEP against the background of chronic ethanol-tetrachloromethane-induced liver damage leveled the activation of LPO processes, this was indicated by a statistically significant (P < 0.001) 2.7 times lower content of TBA-active products in liver homogenates.
The Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Serum Malondialdehyde Levels as Indicator of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Damage
Authors: Utami Annisa Nadia , . Risahmawati . , . Muniroh .
Published: November 2022

Background: Ramadan fasting is one of five pillars of Islam. Fasting is to refrain from eating and drinking from sunrise (sahur) to sunset (ifthar). Ramadan fasting has been shown to impact on body systems in different manners. One of the benefits of Ramadan fasting is protection against oxidative stress and cellular damage. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of free radicals (hydroxil radicals) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) produced from lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. This paper aims to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on serum MDA levels.Methods:  The design of this study is quasiexperimental with one group pre and post design. The sample of this study was 16 preclinical students of FK UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta who performed Ramadan fasting for 17 consecutive days. Blood samples were taken 1 day before Ramadan fasting and 18 days of Ramadan fasting to measure serum MDA levels. The study was conducted in the biochemical laboratory of FK UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.Results: The mean serum MDA levels before fasting was 0.90 ± 0.54 nmol/mL. The median value of serum MDA levels after fasting was 0.43 nmol/mL, with a range between 0.03 - 2.75 nmol/mL. Ramadan fasting decreases serum MDA levels, but the decrease that occurs on the 17th day of Ramadan fasting was not significant (p> 0.05). There was an increase in serum MDA levels in 4 subjects (25%) after Ramadan fasting.Conclusion: Ramadan fasting can reduce serum MDA levels as a marker of oxidative stress and cell damage. Further study is needed to investigate the various results in serum MDA levels after fasting.
National Prevalence of Social Determinants of Health Screening Among US Neonatal Care Units
Authors: Cordova-Ramos Erika G. , Kerr Stephen , Heeren Timothy , Drainoni Mari-Lynn , Garg Arvin , Parker Margaret G.
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES

The extent that universal social determinants of health (SDH) screening in clinical encounters, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, has been implemented in inpatient pediatric settings is unknown. We aimed to determine the national prevalence and predictors of standardized SDH screening in US level 2 to 4 neonatal care units (NICUs), describe characteristics of SDH screening programs, and ascertain beliefs of clinical leaders about this practice in the NICU setting.

METHODS

We randomly selected 100 hospitals with level 2 to 4 NICUs among each of 5 US regions (n = 500) and surveyed clinical leaders from January to November 2021 regarding standardized SDH screening. Responses were weighted for number of level 2 to 4 NICUs in each region and nonresponse.

RESULTS

Overall response rate was 34% (28%–40% by region). Twenty-three percent of US level 2 to 4 NICUs reported standardized SDH screening. We found no associations of hospital characteristics, such as region, size, or safety-net status, with implementation of this practice. Existing programs conducted systematic screening early in the hospitalization (84%), primarily led by social workers (92%). We identified practice variation regarding the type of screening tool, but there was substantial overlap among domains incorporated in the screening. Reported barriers to implementation included perceived lack of resources, inadequate referrals, and lack of an inpatient screening tool.

CONCLUSIONS

The prolonged neonatal hospitalization provides opportunities to systematically address SDH. Yet, only 23% of US level 2 to 4 NICUs have implemented this practice. To scale-up implementation, quality improvement may support adaptation of screening and referral processes to the NICU context.
Analgesia, Sedation, and Anesthesia for Neonates With Cardiac Disease
Authors: Smith-Parrish Melissa , Vargas Chaves Dianna P. , Taylor Katherine , Achuff Barbara-Jo , Lasa Javier J. , Hopper Andrew , Ramamoorthy Chandra
Published: November 2022

Analgesia, sedation, and anesthesia are a continuum. Diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures in newborns often require analgesia, sedation, and/or anesthesia. Newborns, in general, and, particularly, those with heart disease, have an increased risk of serious adverse events, including mortality under anesthesia. In this section, we discuss the assessment and management of pain and discomfort during interventions, review the doses and side effects of commonly used medications, and provide recommendations for their use in newborns with heart disease. For procedures requiring deeper levels of sedation and anesthesia, airway and hemodynamic support might be necessary. Although associations of long-term deleterious neurocognitive effects of anesthetic agents have received considerable attention in both scientific and lay press, causality is not established. Nonetheless, an early multimodal, multidisciplinary approach is beneficial for safe management before, during, and after interventional procedures and surgery to avoid problems of tolerance and delirium, which can contribute to long-term cognitive dysfunction.
Bioethics for Neonatal Cardiac Care
Authors: Madrigal Vanessa N. , Feltman Dalia M. , Leuthner Steven R. , Kirsch Roxanne , Hamilton Rekha , Dokken Deborah , Needle Jennifer , Boss Renee , Lelkes Efrat , Carter Brian , Macias Eduardo , Bhombal Shazia
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Clinicians caring for neonates with congenital heart disease encounter challenges with ethical implications in daily practice and must have some basic fluency in ethical principles and practical applications.

METHODS

Good ethical practice begins with a thorough understanding of the details and narrative of each individual case, examination via classic principles of bioethics, and further framing of that translation into practice.

RESULTS

We explore some of these issues and expand awareness through the lens of a case presentation beginning with fetal considerations through end-of-life discussions.

CONCLUSIONS

We include specific sections that bring attention to shared decision-making, research ethics, and outcomes reporting. We review empirical evidence and highlight recommendations.
Electronically Monitored Adherence to Short-Term Antibiotic Therapy in Children
Authors: Youngster Ilan , Gelernter Renana , Klainer Hodaya , Paz Hadas , Kozer Eran , Goldman Michael
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Nonadherence to short-term antibiotic treatment in children can lead to treatment failure and the development of drug-resistant microorganisms. We aimed to provide reliable adherence estimates in this population.

METHODS

A prospective, blinded, electronically monitored, observational study between January 2018 and October 2021. Patients aged 2 months to 5 years diagnosed with an acute bacterial infection requiring short-term (5-10 days) oral antibiotic monotherapy, were provided with an electronically monitored medication bottle, recording every manipulation of the cap. Primary outcomes were overall adherence, predefined as administration of >75% of doses relative to the number of doses prescribed, and timing adherence, defined as the administration of >75% of prescribed doses taken within ±20% of the prescribed interval.

RESULTS

One hundred infants (49 boys, mean [range] age 1.87 years [0.2–5.1]) were included in the final analysis. Only 11 participants received all the recommended doses. Overall adherence was 62%, whereas timing adherence was 21%. After applying a logistic regression model, the only factor significantly associated with nonadherence was being a single parent (odds ratio = 5.7; 95% confidence interval [1.07–30.3]). Prescribers overestimated adherence, defining 49 of 62 (77.7%) participants as likely adherent. Patients predicted to be adherent were not more likely to be adherent than those predicted to be nonadherent (31/47 actual adherence among those predicted to be adherent vs 6/16, P = .77).

CONCLUSIONS

Adherence of children to the short-term antimicrobial treatment of an acute infection is suboptimal. Providers were unable to predict the adherence of their patients. These data are important when considering recommended treatment durations and developing interventional programs to increase adherence.
Six-Month Outcomes of Infants Born to People With SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy
Authors: Gosdin Lucas , Wallace Bailey , Lanzieri Tatiana M. , Olsen Emily O’Malley , Lewis Elizabeth L. , Chang Daniel J. , Khuwaja Salma , Chicchelly Sarah , Ojo Kristen D. , Lush Mamie , Heitner Daniel , Longcore Nicole D. , Delgado-López Camille , Humphries Brian K. , Sizemore Lindsey , Mbotha Deborah , Hall Aron J. , Ellington Sascha , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Tong Van T. , Woodworth Kate
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES

To assess the 6-month incidence of laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, postnatal care, hospitalization, and mortality among infants born to people with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy by timing of maternal infection.

METHODS

Using a cohort of liveborn infants from pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infections in the year 2020 from 10 United States jurisdictions in the Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Mother and Babies Network, we describe weighted estimates of infant outcomes from birth through 6 months of age from electronic health and laboratory records.

RESULTS

Of 6601 exposed infants with laboratory information through 6 months of age, 1.0% (95% confidence interval: 0.8–1.1) tested positive, 19.1% (17.5–20.6) tested negative, and 80.0% (78.4–81.6) were not known to be tested for SARS-CoV-2. Among those ≤14 days of age, SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred only with maternal infection ≤14 days before delivery. Of 3967 infants with medical record abstraction, breastmilk feeding initiation was lower when maternal infection occurred ≤14 days before delivery compared with >14 days (77.6% [72.5–82.6] versus 88.3% [84.7–92.0]). Six-month all-cause hospitalization was 4.1% (2.0–6.2). All-cause mortality was higher among infants born to people with infection ≤14 days (1.0% [0.4–1.6]) than >14 days (0.3% [0.1–0.5]) before delivery.

CONCLUSIONS

Results are reassuring, with low incidences of most health outcomes examined. Incidence of infant SARS-CoV-2, breastmilk feeding initiation, and all-cause mortality differed by timing of maternal infection. Strategies to prevent infections and support pregnant people with coronavirus disease 2019 may improve infant outcomes.
Grading of Aortic Stenosis: Is it More Complicated in Women?
Authors: Cramariuc Dana , Bahlmann Edda , Gerdts Eva
Published: November 2022

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease and the main indication for valvular replacement in older women. Correct AS grading is mandatory for an adequate selection of patients for both surgical and transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Women and men have different AS severity grades at the same level of aortic valve calcification. Moreover, besides having smaller cardiac volumes, left ventricular outflow tract and aortic size, women have a specific pattern of left ventricular structural and functional remodelling in response to the AS-related chronic pressure overload. Here, the sex-specific cardiac changes in AS that make AS grading more challenging in women, with consequences for the management and outcome of this group of patients, are reviewed.
Contagious Muhammad
Authors: Svensson Jonas
Published: November 2022

This article utilizes a cognitive science of religion framework in approaching the cultural phenomena of relics from the prophet Muhammad in Islamic tradition. The basic arguments are that a contagion aspiration system that underlies the phenomenon of relics in general could hypothetically be construed as an evolutionary exaptation of a contagion avoidance system within a framework of social learning, and that the specific phenomenon of relics can be seen as a by-product of this exaptation. This explanatory model is used to make sense of two specific complexes of beliefs and practices: (1) the notion that physical contact with prophetic relics results in transfer substance, baraka, with this-worldly beneficial effect, and (2) the fact that prophetic relics throughout history has been used by political and religious dignitaries as a means to boost social prestige and authority.