bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Perangkat Keras
Authors: Chairunnisa
Published: April 2020

Perangkat Keras (Hardware) adalah suatu perangkat keras / komponen pada sebuah komputer yang sifatnya nampak secara fisik dan dapat diraba berfungsi untuk mendukung proses komputerisasi dan fungsinya juga seperti memudahkan pengguna komputer dalam bekerja, jika hardware lengkap maka sistem komputer dapat berjalan dengan baik sesuai terdapat pada jenisnya. Perangkat Keras terdiri dari beberapa jenis-jenisnya seperti : Perangkat Input, Perangkat Output, Perangkat Proses, dan Perangkat Penyimpanan besertakan fungsinya pada tiap komponennya.
The effect of emotiomal intelligence on turnover intention and the moderating role of perceived organizational support: Evidence from the banking industry of Vietnam
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of emotional intelligence on turnover intention, noting the mediating roles of work-family conflict and job burnout as well as the moderating effect of perceived organizational support. Survey data collected from 722 employees at banks in Vietnam was analyzed to provide evidence. Results from the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using the SmartPLS 3.0 program indicated that there was a negative effect of emotional intelligence on employees’ turnover intention; this was mediated partially through work-family conflict and job burnout. Besides, this study indicated that perceived organizational support could decrease work-family conflict, job burnout and turnover intention of employees. It could also moderate the relationship between emotional intelligence and work-family conflict. This negative relationship was stronger for employees who work in a supportive environment. The main findings of this research provided some empirical implications for the Vietnamese banking industry. It implied that organizations in the service industry should try to improve their employees’ work-family balance, reduce job burnout and take advantage of these emotional balances and supportive environments to create beneficial outcomes.
Perangkat Keras Komputer dan fungsinya
Authors: sipahutar wulan
Published: April 2020

Perangkat keras komputer atau disebut juga hardware merupakan seluruh perangkat komputer yang dapat di lihat secara fisik atau dapat diraba secara nyata, yang berfungsi untuk mendukung proses berjalannya komputer dan saling bekerja sama untuk mencapai tujuan dalam sistem pengoperasian komputer tersebut.Dalam sebuah komputer terdiri dari beberapa perangkat yang diperlukan untuk menjadi satu kesatuan dan menjalankan fungsi dari komputer tersebut sesuai dengan kebutuhan dari pengguna. Perangkat-perangkat tersebut berjalan sesuai dengan fungsinya masing-masing untuk mengolah data, informasi, perintah-perintah mulai dari input, proses, penyimpanan dan diterjemahkan menjadi output.Perlunya kita mengenal dari beberapa perangkat tersebut adalah agar kita mengetahui cara kinerja komputer. Bagaimana cara memasukkan data, mengolah, memproses, menyimpan dan juga mencetak hasil kinerja kita. Perlu kita ketahui perangkat keras (hardware) komputer adalah alat-alat dari komputer yang dapat dilihat, disentuh atau berwujud/berbentuk untuk mendukung kinerja dari komputer itu sendiri.
Customer Satisfaction at Tiki.vn E-Commerce Platform
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh
Published: April 2020

This study has four objectives: (1) Identifying factors that affect customer satisfaction on online service quality of Tiki.vn, (2) Measuring the levelof impact of the factors, (3) Testing the difference in satisfaction among groups of customers with different characteristics in terms of gender, age,income, academic level, and occupation, and (4) Proposing some managerial implications to improve the quality of online services byinterviewing directly and online 200 individual customers who have shopped at Tiki.vn E-commerce platform for at least the last six months,using the convenient sampling method. This study analyzes the reliability of the scale through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Exploratory factoranalysis, and Linear regression analysis. The findings identified four factors that influence positively customer satisfaction regarding the qualityof online services in Tiki.vn E-commerce platform in the order of descending strength: (1) Trust, (2) Customer service, (3) Web design and (4)Safety. In addition, the results show no difference in customer satisfaction according to different academic levels, but in terms of occupation andincome, gender, and age. The results show that the factors influencing most customer satisfaction are Reliability and Customer Service. Somemanagerial implications are then proposed to improve the quality of online shopping services at Tiki.vn.
Perangkat Keras Komputer
Authors: Damni Cut Nabilah
Published: April 2020

Sistem komputer adalah kumpulan dari elemen-elemen komputer (Hardware, software, brainware) yang saling berhubungan (terintegrasi) dan saling berinteraksi untuk untuk melakukan pengolahan data dengan tujuan menghasilkan informasi sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Sistem komputer terdiri dari tiga komponen yang saling berinteraksi, berintegrasi dan berkomunikasi satu dengan yang lain. Salah satu dari komponen tersebut adalah hardware atau perangkat keras. Hardware atau peragkat keras adalah komponen dari sistem komputer yang bisa dilihat dan disentuh langsung oleh manusia dan merupakan semua bagian fisik komputer yang berfungsi untuk mendukung proses komputerisasi. Pada dasarnya, komputer selalu memiliki perangkat keras masukan (input/input device system), perangkat pemprosesan (processing/ central processing unit), perangkat keras keluaran (outpuy]t/ output device system), perangkat tambahan yang bersifat opsional (peripheral)dan tempat penyimpanan data (storage device system / external memory) (Yahfizham, 2019 : 19)
Meeting - Gangguan Sistem Imun
Authors: Kurniawan Hafiz Muchti
Published: April 2020

Materi tentang gangguan sistem imun
A genetic predisposition for Cytokine Storm in life-threatening COVID-19 infection
Authors: Woo Yin-Ling , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Augustin Yolanda , Staines Henry , Altice Frederick , Krishna Sanjeev
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is a cause of serious morbidity and mortality and is placing a significant burden on healthcare systems globally. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 disease form a wide spectrum, from mild symptoms to life threatening disease. A small subset of patients develop Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS)/Cytokine Storm (CS) that results in hyper inflammation, clinical deterioration and multi-organ failure. There is growing evidence that Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a central mediator of CS. Evidence of an inflammatory Kawasaki-like syndrome in children with severe COVID-19 is also emerging. Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) and Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are 2 common gene polymorphisms that predispose to hyper inflammatory states. Countries with high mortality rates for COVID-19 deaths (such as Spain, Italy and France) or the Middle East (Iran) also have a high number of carriers of mutations in the Mediterranean Fever gene (MEFV), which causes Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). G6PD deficiency, a common enzymopathy caused by X-linked gene polymorphisms that reduce the ability of cells to deal with oxidant stress also has a global distribution affecting Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups. In combination with acquired causes of inflammation such as obesity, these genetic variations may predispose to increased risk of severe COVID-19. Mendelian randomisation studies are needed to establish if there is a contribution to higher mortality rates in certain populations due to genetic factors such as MEFV or G6PD mutations and related genes and if these may represent predictive and prognostic biomarkers.
First Things First: Parent Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion During COVID-19
Authors: Coyne Lisa W. , Gould Evelyn R. , Grimaldi Mikala , Wilson Kelly G. , Baffuto Gabriel , Biglan Anthony
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about significant stress and anxiety for many parents around the world. Psychological flexibility and self-care are fundamental aspects of psychological health (Kashdan & Rottenberg, 2010). For parents, shaping these processes may help promote family nurturance, support children’s prosocial behavior, and provide effective and consistent use of evidence-based parenting “kernels”. The goal of this article is to provide practitioners with evidence-based tools that will support psychological flexibility, self-care, and positive parenting behaviors in caregivers during COVID-19 and beyond.
Determinantal formulas and recurrent relations for bi-periodic Fibonacci and Lucas polynomials
Authors: Qi Feng , Polatlı Emrah , Guo Bai-Ni
Published: April 2020

In the paper, the authors find closed formulas and recurrent relations for bi-periodic Fibonacci polynomials and for bi-periodic Lucas polynomials in terms of the Hessenberg determinants. Consequently, the authors derive closed formulas and recurrent relations for the Fibonacci, Lucas, bi-periodic Fibonacci, and bi-periodic Lucas numbers in terms of the Hessenberg determinants.
Controlling Temporal Precision in Protein Levels with Dynamic External Disturbances
Authors: Ghusinga Khem Raj , Singh Abhyudai
Published: April 2020

Gene expression is inherently a stochastic process, leading to randomness in the timing of events. A problem of interest is to understand how cells achieve temporal precision. Previous work has shown that if a gene product (protein) is stable then a no feedback strategy provides minimum noise in timing. Here we investigate the form of optimal feedback strategy when the protein production rate is affected by an external dynamic disturbance (noise). We specifically consider a telegraph process (two state) for the external disturbance and show that the best strategy is still no feedback. Using this strategy, we provide an exact formula for the minimum achievable noise. Finally, we examine the effect of model parameters on the minimum noise.
Tugas komputer NADYA ANGGINI WULANSARI
Authors: wulansari Nadya anggini
Published: April 2020

Salah satu teknologi yang paling maju perkembangannya adalah komputer. Pada awalnya fungsi komputer sangat berbeda dengan fungsi komputer saat ini. Dahulu komputer digunakan sebagai alat hitung. Sesuai dengan bahasa latinnya yaitu computare yang artinya menghitung. Namun komputer mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat, di zaman sekarang komputer tidak lagi digunakan sebagai alat hitung tetapi komputer telah dapat digunakan sebagai alat elektronik untuk mengolah kata dan data. Namun fungsi komputer bukan hanya itu, komputer telah menjadi teknologi yang canggih dan bisa dikatakan sebagai alat yang serba bisa.Didalam komputer memiliki dua perangkat-perangkat penting untuk menunjang proses kerja komputer. Perangkat tersebut adalah perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak. Perangkat keras merupakan perangkat yang dapat dilihat dan disentuh secara langsung oleh manusia, sedangkan perangkat lunak merupakan perangkat yang dapat dilihat namun tidak dapat disentuh secara langsung oleh manusia. Dalam makalah ini penulis akan menjelaskan secara rinci tentang salah satu perangkat komputer yaitu perangkat keras. Penulis akan membahas secara rinci mengenai apa itu perangkat keras, Pembagian perangkat keras, dan jenis-jenis perangkat keras pada komputer.
The Impact of Perceived Brand Globalness on Consumers Purchase Intention and the Moderating Role of Consumer Ethnocentrism An Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh
Published: April 2020

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of perceived brand globalness on consumers’ purchase intention, noting the mediating roles of perceived brand prestige and quality, brand social responsibility, and the moderating roles of consumer ethnocentrism. Survey data collected from 613 consumers in Vietnam was analyzed to provide evidence. Results from the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using the SmartPLS 3.0 program indicated that there was a positive impact of perceived brand globalness on consumers’ purchase intention; this was mediated partially through perceived brand prestige and quality, and brand social responsibility. Moreover, this study also found the moderatingeffects of consumer ethnocentrism on the impacts of perceived brand globalness onconsumer’s purchase intention and on perceived brand quality. Consumer ethnocentrism dampened the positive association between perceived brand globalness and perceived brand quality as well as reduced purchase intention of Vietnamese consumers. The finding also implies that marketers should build a suitable marketing strategy to heighten consumers’ purchase intention.
Current Evidence Supporting the Use of Orally Administered Zinc in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Moseley Hunter Nathaniel Barrett
Published: April 2020

This review presents current published and publicly available evidence supporting the following hypothesis: COVID-19 severity can be reduced with the administration of zinc in an orally and gastrointestinal absorbable form. This supporting evidence (scientific premise) includes a variety of prior published work along with relevant data present in public scientific repositories that support the mechanistic idea that zinc concentrations in the oral mucosa, gastrointestinal tract, and possibly other parts of the human body can be elevated to the level that it has an inhibitory effect on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase replication and transcription complex (RDRP-RTC) of SARS-CoV-2. There are several implications for this hypothesis. First, zinc represent a highly available nutrient that can be administered in the possibly therapeutic dosage range of 100 mg to 200 mg per day for short periods of time with no appreciable toxic effects. However, many zinc lozenges currently available on the market are not formulated to maximize oral absorption of zinc. But zinc can be quickly obtained, oral treatments produced, and then added to treatment protocols, even in developing nations. Second, oral zinc treatment may be synergistic with other drugs being actively studied and used in the treatment of COVID-19. Specifically, chloroquine is a known zinc ionophore and a possible mechanism of action for this drug and its similar derivatives is to increase zinc concentrations to a level that is inhibitory of SARS-CoV-2’s RDRP-RTC, particularly in the lung epithelium. Moreover, dietary zinc and zinc depleting drugs could be confounding factors in current chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine clinical studies that are currently underway.
Model of COVID-19 and the Cure (Version17）
Authors: Lee Alex
Published: April 2020

2019 Coronavirus originates from bats. In bats, this virus is a cooling factor, it cools bat. Bat parents spray the virus into the cub's respiratory system to inherit the cooling factor, When this cooling factor enters the human body, it starts to cool the human cell, the chill happens. The human immune system starts a fever to fight the cooling. This explains why COVID-19 looks like cold. In bat, higher body temperature stimulates more cooling factor's replication, binding power and the jetting power,therefore, the fever of the human immune system promotes the aggravation of the disease. The temperature of variant Delta is lower than variant Alpha, the temperature of 2019- Coronavirus is lower than human cell, which can verify this hypothesis.Measureing the body, find out the low temperature cell and the high temperature cell, then heating or cooling them untill all of them return to normal temperature, the fever, pain, swelling and coughing can be stopped and the COVID-19 can be cured.
Review on Identification of Major Infectious Site and Disease Progression Pathway for Early Detection of Novel Corona Virus Covid-19
Authors: Wickramaratchi Manohari Meegahawattage , Pieris Alexander , Fernando Akila Jude Shehan
Published: April 2020

The Novel Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, is a new highly contagious infection, transmitted from human to human of pandemic proportion. The number affected is increasing dramatically, without specific therapy nor vaccination available. The major challenges for its epidemiological control include the prolonged incubation period without symptoms and its ability to transmit the disease by both symptomatic and asymptomatic. This review is to bring an awareness to the scientific and medical community a major route of infection during incubation period, suggesting a new diagnostic approach to be adopted. Exploration of this study may unfold a unique approach to the early detection and clinical management well before its progression to severe disease manifestation. We highlight the importance of evaluating pancreatic function, hepatocellular changes and gastrointestinal lining to enable early diagnosis of the disease.
Interferometric Processing of ScanSAR Data Using Stripmap Processor: New Insights from Coregistration
Authors: Liang Cunren , Fielding Eric
Published: April 2020

Processing scanning synthetic aperture radar (ScanSAR) data using a stripmap processor, which is called full-aperture processing, has been the choice of many researchers. ScanSAR data are known to require very high azimuth coregistration precision which is usually achieved by a geometrical coregistration followed by a spectral diversity coregistration on the ScanSAR burst. However, for full-aperture processing, since individual bursts are no longer available for spectral diversity coregistration, the cross-correlation method in practice is still used to coregister ScanSAR data as stripmap data. We analyze the azimuth coregistration precision requirement of full-aperture processing and find that its requirement can be significantly relaxed. This is confirmed by a number of experiments, including simulations and real data experiments whose results are in good agreement with each other. An additional experiment on the cross-correlation method supports its use in full-aperture processing. Concluding from the experimental results, we further propose a simple method to evaluate the azimuth coregistration precision requirement for practical use. Finally, we present examples with ALOS-2 ScanSAR data.
Additive manufacturing of self-compacting concrete through controlled heating
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Kumar Manish , Mathur Rishabh
Published: April 2020

Construction using concrete through additive manufacturing is gaining attention. This approach involves a layer-wise deposition of concrete. A layer of printed concrete needs to be ``strong" enough to sustain the weight of layers to be printed above. These layers may not bond well with each other, however. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) may lead to a better bonding, but it may not have sufficient strength. This paper presents a method to print SCC through controlled heating. Properties of printed concrete in fresh and hardened states are studied. Heating leads to a sharp rise in the strength of freshly-printed concrete layers, but a long duration of heating may lead to a reduction in strength of printed concrete after hardening particularly if water-to-cement ratio is small or if loads are applied parallel to the printed layers.
Relational mobility predicts a faster spread of COVID-19: A 39 country study
Authors: Salvador Cristina , Berg Martha , Yu Qinggang , Alvaro SAN MARTIN , Kitayama Shinobu
Published: April 2020

It has become increasingly clear that COVID-19 transmits between individuals. It stands to reason that the spread of the virus depends on sociocultural ecologies that facilitate or inhibit social contact. In particular, the community-level tendency to engage with strangers and freely choose friends, called relational mobility (RM), entails increased opportunities to interact with a larger and more variable range of others. It may therefore be associated with a faster spread of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Here, we tested this possibility by analyzing growth curves of confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 in the first 30 days of the outbreaks in 39 countries. We found the growth was significantly accelerated as a function of a country-wise measure of RM. This relationship was robust either with or without a set of control variables, including demographic variables, reporting bias, testing availability, and cultural dimensions of individualism and government efficiency. Policy implications are discussed.
COVID-19 Knowledge and Perceptions in Nigeria
Authors: Olapegba Peter O. , Ayandele Olusola , Kolawole Samson Olowo , Oguntayo Rotimi , Gandi Joshua Chiroma , Dangiwa Abdullahi Lawal , Ottu Iboro Friday Akpan , Iorfa Steven Kator
Published: April 2020

This study assessed knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 among the general public in Nigeria during the initial week of the pandemic lockdown in the country. From March 28 to April 4, 2020, this cross-sectional survey used an anonymous online questionnaire to collect data from respondents within Nigeria. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit 1357 respondents, aged 15-70 years, from 180 cities and towns within Nigeria. Study data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Approximately more than half (57.02%) of the respondents were male with high level of education (48.86% bachelor’s degree or higher). Approximately half of the respondents (46.94%) opined that COVID-19 was “a biological weapon designed by the Chinese government.” About 94% of the respondents identified “contact with airborne droplets via breathing, sneezing, or coughing” as the most common mode of transmission; most respondents associated COVID-19 with coughing (81.13%), shortness of breath (73.47%) and fever (62.79%). “Regular hand washing and social distancing” was selected by most respondents (94.25%) as a way of preventing infection whereas 11.86% reported “consuming gins, garlic, ginger, herbal mixtures and African foods/soups” as preventive measures against COVID-19. Majority of the respondents (91.73%) thought COVID-19 is deadly; and most respondents (84.3%) got 4 or more answers correctly. It was also observed that the traditional media (TV/Radio) are the most common source of health information about COVID-19 (93.5%). Findings revealed that Nigerians have relatively high knowledge, mostly derived from traditional media, about COVID-19. Their perceptions of COVID-19 bear implications across public health initiatives, compliance with precautionary behavior as well as bilateral relations with foreign nations. Evidence-based campaign should be intensified to remove misconceptions and promote precautionary measures.
Greater decision uncertainty characterizes a transdiagnostic patient sample during approach-avoidance conflict: a computational modeling approach
Authors: Smith Ryan , Kirlic Namik , Stewart Jennifer L. , Touthang James , Kuplicki Rayus , Khalsa Sahib S. , Paulus Martin P , Investigators T , Aupperle Robin
Published: April 2020

Background: Imbalances in approach-avoidance conflict (AAC) decision-making (e.g. sacrificing rewards to avoid negative outcomes) are considered central to multiple psychiatric disorders. We used computational modeling to examine two factors often not distinguished within model-free analyses of AAC: decision uncertainty (DU) and sensitivity to negative outcomes vs. reward (emotional conflict; EC).Methods: A previously-validated AAC task was completed by 477 participants, including healthy controls (HCs; N=59), individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs; N=159) and individuals with depression and/or anxiety (DEP/ANX; N=260) disorders without SUDs. Using an active inference model, we estimated individual-level values for a model parameter (β) reflecting DU as well as another reflecting EC. Analyses were also repeated in a subsample propensity matched on age and general intelligence.Results: The model showed high accuracy (73%). As further validation, parameters correlated with reaction times and self-reported task motivations in expected directions. EC further correlated with self-reported anxiety during the task (r=0.32, p<0.001), while DU correlated with self-reported difficulty making decisions (r=0.45, p<0.001). Compared to HCs, both DEP/ANX and SUDs showed higher DU in the propensity matched sample (t=2.16, p = .03; and t=2.88, p = .005, respectively), with analogous results in the full sample; SUDs also showed lower EC in the full sample (t=3.17, p=0.002). Limitations: This study is limited by clinical sample heterogeneity and an inability to examine learning.Conclusions: These results suggest that reduced confidence in how to act, rather than increased emotional conflict, may explain maladaptive approach-avoidance behaviors in psychiatric disorders.
Realistic expectations and prosocial behavioural intentions to the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Norwegian population
Authors: Sætrevik Bjørn
Published: April 2020

The coronavirus pandemic represents a serious challenge for modern societies. Individuals’ perception of risk influences their choice of action, and their collective actions determine the societal impact of the pandemic. The current data paper presents descriptive statistics of a survey from a representative sample of Norwegian citizens (N = 4,083), collected in the early phases of the pandemic (March 20-29, 2020). Most of the population considered the risk for being infected to be small and the risk for becoming seriously ill to be smaller still. On the other hand, most were worried that family members could be infected, and that their daily life could change drastically. The majority of participants were optimistic that they could handle the challenges that the virus would bring, and that they would receive good medical treatment if they were to become sick. Almost all stated that they intended to comply with the authorities’ advice for limiting the contagion. Most stated that following the advice would be effective in preventing themselves and others from becoming sick. Most stated being careful in how they gather information about the pandemic. The survey showed that the Norwegian population at the time had realistic perceptions of risks, optimistic attitudes and intentions for prosocial behaviour that would limit the pandemic spread.
Subjectifying the personality state: Theoretical underpinnings and an empirical example
Authors: Lab Affect and Relationships
Published: April 2020

Recent developments in personality research highlight the value of modeling dynamic state-like manifestations of personality. The present work integrates these developments with prominent clinical models addressing within-person multiplicity and promotes the exploration of models centered on state-like manifestations of personality that function as cohesive organizational units. Such units possess distinct subjective qualities, and are characterized by specific affects, behaviors, cognitions, and desires that tend to be co-activated. As background, we review both theory and research from the fields of social cognition, psychotherapy, and psychopathology that serve as the foundation for such models. We then illustrate our ideas in greater detail with one well-supported clinical model – the schema therapy mode model, chosen because it provides a finite and definite set of modes (i.e., cohesive personality states). We assessed these modes using a newly-developed experience-sampling measure administered to fifty-two individuals (four times daily for fifteen days). We estimated intraindividual and group-level temporal and contemporaneous networks based on the within-person variance as well a between-person network. We discuss findings from exemplar participants and from group-level networks, and address cross-model particularities and consistencies. In concluding, we consider potential idiographic and nomothetic applications of subjective states dynamic personality research based on intensive longitudinal methods.
The Changing Valuation of Dogs
Authors: Stoltz Dustin S. , Van Ness Justin , Bjerre Mette Evelyn
Published: April 2020

In recent decades, the United States has witnessed profound changes in the sociocultural valuation of dogs, variously described as humanization, sentimentalization, or sacralization. A broad look at this “sacralization” of dogs in the United States reveals that this changing valuation has altered dogs’ place within economic processes. In particular, these changes parallel Viviana Zelizer’s work on the changing valuation of children a century ago. In this article, we further specify Zelizer’s insights by arguing that these accompanying economic transformations are best understood as shifting of dogs’ place within budgetary units : from objects for human consumption, to fellow actors humans consume with and around.
Who are Political Retweeters?, Demographic comparison of political retweeters with retweeters of non-political personalities.
Authors: Gurchani Muhammad Umer
Published: April 2020

Twitter has been a focus of research in political science for a few years now as it provides the opportunity to make direct observations on the spread of political information in different communities. Here we will be studying the phenomena of information diffusion, and focus on nodes that are responsible for spreading political information everywhere on the Twitter network. This paper attempts to fill gaps in the literature regarding the demographics of political retweeters using various techniques on the name and location-related data from most active French political retweeters. Here I will try to state the break-down of these accounts in categories based on gender, language, location, education level, and self-descriptions. To put the information about political retweeters in context we will also create a category of non-political retweeters to draw comparisons between the groups regarding the above-mentioned variables.
Finding evidence for Partisan Reinforcement through graph analysis of political rivalries on twitter.
Authors: Gurchani Muhammad Umer
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to find out if Twitter users choose to expose themselves to a diverse set of opinions on political matters or if they choose to listen to only one of the political adversaries, whom they already support in real life as proposed by theories of partisan reinforcement and the classic study of 1940-44 in Erie county (Lazarsfeld, 1944). This is a comparative study of two political rivalries on twitter; the first one is from the USA and the other one from Pakistan. Network-Graphs are created from both rivalries to try to see if clusterization happens in a way that it will create an information bias in favor of one of the rivals. For the purpose of this study, I will only be focused on ‘follow’ relationship on twitter for the reason that it is an indicator of choice for twitter users who want to expose to themselves to ideas being promoted through Twitter accounts of these Politicians (Myers, Sharma, Gupta, & Lin, 2014). I further aspire to find out if the balkanization effect of the internet is evident on twitter (Alstyne & Brynjolfsson, 1997).
Strategic Alignment in Times of Crisis: Voting at the Dawn of a Global Pandemic
Authors: Leininger Arndt , Schaub Max
Published: April 2020

What is the impact of a global health crisis on political behavior? We study the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on electoral choice based on the case of Germany, one of the countries most heavily affected by the crisis. Our data come from the German state of Bavaria, where local elections were held right at the beginning of the pandemic. The elections took place early during the outbreak when there was still substantial variation in the extent to which individual counties and municipalities were affected by the outbreak. This variation provides a unique opportunity to study the causal impact of an event that would shortly after grow into an all-encompassing epidemic. We provide evidence that shows that the disease spread across the state in a mostly haphazard fashion. This lack of a discernible pattern coupled with within-county estimation of effects and a difference-in-differences strategy allow us to causally asses the effect of the spreading of the virus on electoral outcomes. Our results show that the crisis strongly and consistently benefited the dominant regional party, the CSU, and its candidates. For 3 known cases per 100,000 inhabitants, vote shares increased by about 4 percent. We explain our findings with a strategic-alignment mechanism, whereby voters vote into power candidates that they deem most likely to be able to solicit support from higher levels of government. Our findings emphasize the merit of forward-looking theories of voting and provide insights on the functioning of democracy during times of crisis.
Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Managing Trust and Accountability
Authors: Yang Ronghui
Published: April 2020

This study focuses on the construction of public accountability and public trust during the Covid-19 Pandemic in China
It’s Raining Babies? Flooding and Fertility Choices in Bangladesh
Authors: Thiede Brian C. , Chen Joyce , Mueller Valerie , Hultquist Carolynne , Jia Yuanyuan
Published: April 2020

A growing demographic literature examines the impacts of climatic variability and environmental shocks on human population dynamics, focusing largely on migration, morbidity, and mortality. Considerably less is known about the effects of environmental changes on fertility despite plausible theoretical and empirical reasons to expect such impacts. We contribute new evidence to this emerging literature by examining the relationship between exposure to flooding and fertility in Bangladesh. We link birth records (n = 617,081 person-years) from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) with satellite-derived measures of flooding from 2001 through 2018 and fit regression models to measure the effects of flood exposures on the probability of live births in subsequent years. To explore hypothesized causal pathways, we also construct panels of women’s entry into first marriage (n = 52,293 person-years) and mortality among under-5 children (n = 331,153 person-years), and fit comparable regression models of these fertility correlates. Overall, flooding has highly uneven effects on fertility across the target population. We detect statistically and substantively meaningful flood-related increases in childbearing among less-educated and higher-parity women; but find evidence of flood-related declines in fertility among childless women and those in urban areas. Among all populations, these flood effects operate with a two-year lag. The analyses suggest that flood-related declines in marriage among urban women may explain reductions in fertility among this population. However, they otherwise provide little systematic evidence that marriage and child mortality mediate the links between flood exposures and fertility.
CoronaNet: A Dyadic Dataset of Government Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cheng Cindy , Barceló Joan , Hartnett Allison , Kubinec Robert , Messerschmidt Luca
Published: April 2020

As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads around the world, governments have implemented a broad set of policies to limit the spread of the pandemic. In this paper we present an initial release of a large hand-coded dataset of more than 4,500 separate policy announcements from governments around the world. This data is being made publicly available, in combination with other data that we have collected (including COVID-19 tests, cases, and deaths) as well as a number of country-level covariates. Due to the speed of the COVID-19 outbreak, we will be releasing this data on a daily basis with a 5-day lag for record validity checking. In a truly global effort, our team is comprised of more than 190 research assistants across 18 time zones and makes use of cloud-based managerial and data collection technology in addition to machine learning coding of news sources. We analyze the dataset with a Bayesian time-varying ideal point model showing the quick acceleration of more harsh policies across countries beginning in mid-March and continuing to the present. While some relatively low-cost policies like task forces and health monitoring began early, countries generally adopted more harsh measures within a narrow time window, suggesting strong policy diffusion effects.
The contrast between Jew and Zhou People(周人)
Authors: Xu Bohai
Published: April 2020

The Spring Festival is one of the most important and traditional Chinese festivals. It has a long history and rich and colorful folk-custom characteristics, such as the family reunion, eating dumplings, setting off firecrackers, pasting the spring couplets, etc. Those characteristics are the reflections of traditional Chinese thinking ways and the thoughts of Confucianism. For Passover, it is like the twin-brother of the Spring Festival. During Passover, the Jewish people gather and commemorate the grace of God and the hardship of the ancestors. Passover opens a door for the further study on the thoughts and culture of the ancient Israelites, and their view on God. Their folk customs including family reunion, brushing the lamb blood on the door frame, eating unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and some other folk events that are similar to those of the Spring Festival. From the paper, we can get a hypothesis that the beast Xi(夕) is Set with Chinese characteristic. By the way, from the paper, we can get a hypothesis that God in Judaism and Shangdi(上帝) and Tian(天) are nearly the same. Besides, we can also get a hypothesis that the Christian notion of a divine right of kings resembles the Mandate of Heaven(天命). By the way, from the paper, we can get a conclusion that Qi(弃) is actually Hemaka. Besides, from the paper, we can say that the origin of the doctrine of the mean may be the scales of justice emblem of the tribe of Dan. Furthermore, most of Q-M242 people in East Asia belong to subclade Q-M120, which distributes most intensively across northern China. The average frequency of Q-M242 in northern China is around 4.5%. However, it decreases to about 2% in southern China. According to the dynastic race theory, the Haplogroup of the elite of the ancient Egypt(especially pharaohs) may be Q. By the way, the highest frequency of Q1b1 in Europe is found among Ashkenazi Jews (5%) and Sephardic Jews (2%), suggesting that Q1b was present in the Levant before the Jewish disapora 2,000 years ago. In fact, Jewish Q1b all belong to the Y2200 subclade, which was formed some 2,600 years ago. So in all, we can get a hypothesis that Zhou People(周人) may be the Tribe of Dan , one of the tribes of Israel.
Logarithmic vs. Linear Visualizations of COVID-19 Cases Do Not Affect Citizens’ Support for Confinement
Authors: Sevi Semra , Mendoza Aviña Marco , Peloquin-Skulski Gabrielle , Heisbourg Emmanuel , Vegas Paola , Coulombe Maxime , Arel-Bundock Vincent , Loewen Peter John , Blais André
Published: April 2020

In public health crises, the media and governments routinely share statistical analyses with the public. In the COVID-19 pandemic, the tool most commonly used to convey statistical information about the spread of the virus has been time-series graphs about the cumulative number of cases. When drawing such graphs, analysts have to make design decisions which can have dramatic effects on citizens’ interpretations. Plotting the COVID-19 progression on a linear scale highlights an exponential “explosion” in the number of cases, whereas plotting the number of cases on a logarithmic scale produces a line with a modest-looking slope. Even if the two graphs display the exact same information, differences in visual design may lead people to different substantive conclusions. In this study, we measure the causal effect of different visualization design choices on Canadians’ views about the crisis. We report results from a survey experiment conducted in April 2020 with a sample of 2500 respondents. We find that no matter how the information is presented, Canadians are united in supporting drastic confinement measures and in accepting that these measures will not be removed soon.
Defining Dependence: The Natural Resource Community Typology
Authors: Mueller Tom
Published: April 2020

Natural resource dependence, although commonly invoked in natural resource sociology, has often been ambiguously defined. Communities are frequently described as dependent upon natural resource development, but limited attention has been paid to what that means. In the literature, resource dependence is often treated as over-specialization in, or over-reliance upon, the natural resource sectors. However, the logic of over-specialization conceptually grounds dependence in poor economic outcomes. Thus, a one-dimensional typology of dependence based upon a threshold of the share of development in the natural resource sector---as has commonly been used in prior scholarship---does not fully capture the concept and risks tautology. In this paper I address this ambiguity by formally defining natural resource dependence as over-specialization in the natural resource sectors. I then present an ideal typology and classification scheme for natural resource communities in the United States. The typology has two dimensions---the level of development and the level of economic prosperity---and six mutually exclusive categories---extractive specialized, extractive dependent, non-extractive specialized, non-extractive dependent, hybrid specialized, and hybrid dependent. I classify counties from 2000 to 2015 and find that while extractive dependence decreased over the study period, non-extractive dependence increased.
Decoding the Hidden Curriculum: Latino/a First Generation College Students’ Influence on Younger Siblings’ Educational Trajectory
Authors: Delgado Vanessa
Published: April 2020

Past research demonstrates that familial and community support can aid the academic success of Latino/a students. However, few studies explore how older siblings influence their younger siblings’ education trajectory including primary, secondary, and post-secondary education. Drawing on 25 in-depth interviews with Latino/a first generation college students at a large research university in Southern California, I find that older siblings assist their younger family members by (a) choosing schools, (b) assisting with reading comprehension, (c) helping with homework assignments, and (d) post high school preparation. In doing do, they demystify norms and rules about education and attempt to position their loved ones on a path of upward mobility. I capture the labor Latino/a children of immigrants provide to their families and how these contributions can result in tensions between parents and children. Findings advance frameworks in immigrant brokering, Latino/a families, and education.
A review of infectious disease surveillance to inform public health action against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Larsen David , Dinero Rachel E. , Asiago-Reddy Elizabeth , Green Hyatt , Lane Sandra , Shaw Andrea , Zeng Teng , Kmush Brittany
Published: April 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic exposed the inadequacy of infectious disease surveillance throughout the US and other countries. Isolation and contact tracing to identify all infected people are key public health interventions necessary to control infectious disease outbreaks. However, these activities are dependent upon the surveillance platform to identify infections quickly. A robust surveillance platform can also reinforce community adherence to behavioral interventions such as social distancing. In situations where contact tracing is feasible, all suspected cases and contacts of confirmed cases must be tested for a SARS-CoV-2 infection and effectively isolated. At the community level wastewater surveillance can identify areas where transmission is or is not occurring, and genetic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 can help to elucidate the intensity of transmission independent of the number of known cases and hospitalizations. State and county public health departments should improve the infectious disease surveillance platform whilst the public is practicing social distancing. These enhanced surveillance activities are necessary to contain the epidemic once the curve has been sufficiently flattened in highly burdened areas, and to prevent escalation in areas where transmission is minimal.
Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit aus der Perspektive einer Theorie der Spätmoderne
Authors: Strippel Christian
Published: April 2020

Dieser Beitrag möchte die gesellschaftstheoretisch fundierte Diskussion des neuen Strukturwandels der Öffentlichkeit fortführen und dabei einen neuen Ansatz aufgreifen, der von dem Kultursoziologen Andreas Reckwitz unter dem Titel „Die Gesellschaft der Singularitäten – Zum Strukturwandel der Moderne“ vorgelegt wurde. Dazu wird dieser Theorieentwurf vorgestellt, diskutiert und auf seine Potenziale für eine Theorie von Öffentlichkeit unter Bedingungen eines neuerlichen Strukturwandels hin geprüft. Im Fokus steht die Frage, welche Einsichten durch die Unterscheidung der sozialen Logiken des Allgemeinen und Singulären (sowie die damit verbundene These ihrer Umstellung) gewonnen werden können – und wie sie sich mit derzeitigen Überlegungen in der Öffentlichkeitstheorie verbinden lassen. Darüber hinaus wird ein Vorschlag unterbreitet, wie der theoretischen Herausforderung begegnet werden kann, derzeitige Strukturveränderungen von Gesellschaft und Öffentlichkeit aus einer fachlichen Tradition heraus angemessen zu beobachten und zu beschreiben, die sich begrifflich und theoretisch in der industriellen Moderne entwickelt hat.
Verwaltungsmodernisierung als institutioneller Wandel - Grundlagen und Mechanismen
Authors: Fürstenberg Kai
Published: April 2020

Verwaltungsmodernisierungen sind Prozesse die beständig laufen und öffentliche Verwaltungen prägen. Da in der Regel Aspekte einer bestehenden Verwaltungsorganisation modernisiert werden, und nur selten ganze Organisationseinheiten verändert oder neu geschaffen werden, muss Verwaltungsmodernisierung als Prozess des beständigen Wandels von Regeln und Formalien betrachtet werden. Es handelt sich also um eine Evolution von Institutionen. Dabei spielt in dieser Evolution eine Reihe von Einflussgrößen, von natürlichen bis künstlich geschaffenen, eine wichtige Rolle. Es handelt sich im Weiteren also um eine Evolution innerhalb eines ökologischen Kontexts. Der vorliegende Artikel betrachtet Verwaltungsmodernisierung und ihren Kontext daher aus Perspektive des Evolutionären Institutionalismus mit seinen Grundannahmen und verdeutlicht die Anwendbarkeit der evolutionären Analogie anhand von Stabilisierungs und Vervielfältigungsmechanismen.