bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cumhuriyet Döneminde Ankara’ya Göçmen İskânı (1923-2022)
Authors: Pustu Yunus
Published: March 2023

Ankara, Osmanlı döneminde (1800-1920) meydana gelen göçler sırasında muhacir iskânının yaşandığı yerleşim alanlarından biridir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin tesisinden sonra da Ankara’ya göçler dönemler halinde devam etmiştir. Cumhuriyet’in ilanından günümüze kadar Ankara’ya yaşanan bu göçleri beş ana dönem halinde ele almak mümkündür. Bunlardan ilki, 1923-1938 yılları arasını kapsayan Mustafa Kemal Atatürk idaresi sırasındaki göçlerdir. Tek Parti idaresinin millî şefi İsmet İnönü dönemi göçler açısından durağan bir dönem olmuştur. 1950 senesinde iktidara Demokrat Partinin gelmesinin hemen ardından göçler konusunda daha aktif bir politika izlendiği görülmektedir. Adnan Menderes’in takip ettiği göçmen politikaları neticesinde Cumhuriyet döneminin ikinci büyük kitle göçleri 1950-1951 senelerinde yaşanmıştır. Demokrat Parti iktidarının geri kalan dönemlerinde Ankara’ya yönelik göçler devam etse de rakamsal bazda bahsi geçen yıllar mesabesinde değildir. Bir ara dönem olarak görülmesi gereken üçüncü devre 1968-1988 yılları arasını kapsamaktadır. Bu sırada gelen göçmenleri akraba göçleri kapsamında ele almak mümkündür. Rumeli coğrafyasından Ankara’ya yönelik son büyük göç dalgası ise 1989 senesinde Turgut Özal’ın başbakanlığı sırasında meydana gelmiştir. Yakın dönemde Arap Baharı’nın Suriye’ye sıçraması ve sonrasında gerçekleşen hadiseler neticesinde de Türkiye coğrafyası önemli sayıda mülteciye kapılarını açmak durumunda kalmıştır. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan idaresindeki Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin izlediği açık kapı politikaları ile birlikte bahsi geçen coğrafyadan çok sayıda mülteci sınırı aşarak Anadolu coğrafyasına dağılmıştır. 2022 Aralık ayı resmî rakamlarına göre bunlardan 100 bin kadarı hâlen Ankara’da hayatlarını devam ettirmektedirler. Bu çalışmada Cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze Ankara’ya gerçekleşen kitle göç hareketleri ele alınacaktır.
Diseño de una arquitectura para sistemas y aplicaciones en Industria 4.0 basada en computación en la nube y análisis de datos
Authors: Belman-López Carlos E. , Jiménez-García José A. , Vázquez-Lopez José A. , Camarillo-Gómez Karla A.
Published: March 2023

El término Industria 4.0 se ha convertido en prioridad y objeto de estudio para empresas y centros de investigación pero aún se encuentra dentro de sus primeras etapas de implementación. Además, las compañías enfrentan dificultades al desarrollar soluciones para Industria 4.0, sin estar seguras de cómo afrontar sus requerimientos básicos. El diseño de una arquitectura de referencia aborda explícitamente este problema, apoya a los profesionales en la implementación de soluciones siendo la base del desarrollo y proporciona un soporte ante los desafíos que la Industria 4.0 representa. Por lo tanto, la contribución de este documento se centra en diseñar una arquitectura de referencia para sistemas y aplicaciones en Industria 4.0 basada en computación en la nube y análisis de datos, mostrando su viabilidad a través de la implementación en un caso de uso: Agricultura 4.0. Mediante esta arquitectura, ingenieros e investigadores podrán enfrentar los desafíos actuales de la producción inteligente, así como investigar, desarrollar e implementar soluciones (aplicaciones y sistemas) guiadas, estandarizadas y a costos accesibles, que cumplan los requerimientos que gobiernan Industria 4.0.
ROMERIN: Organismo robótico escalador basado en patas modulares con ventosas activas
Authors: Prados Carlos , Hernando Miguel , Gambao Ernesto , Brunete Alberto
Published: March 2023

Este artículo presenta el robot ROMERIN, un organismo robótico modularmente compuesto por patas que utilizan ventosas activas como sistema de adhesión al entorno, y cuyo objetivo es la inspección de infraestructuras mediante la escalada. Se detalla la estructura física del organismo robótico, incluyendo una explicación de los módulos y del cuerpo. También se incluye una descripción de la arquitectura de control basada en el control en par de la posición del cuerpo del organismo, cuyo número de patas y disposición de las mismas es variable de forma que el sistema es versátil para su utilización en diferentes entornos y aplicaciones. La arquitectura de control que se ha diseñado sirve de base para el control de robots escaladores con patas de cualquier número de patas. Se ha comprobado su funcionamiento en el robot físico ROMERIN y en su gemelo digital (“digital twin”), registrando y mostrando dichos resultados. Además, se ha comprobado el funcionamiento de la arquitectura de control para diferentes configuraciones del organismo, demostrando su modularidad y versatilidad para diferentes aplicaciones.
Sistema domótico controlado a través de una interfaz cerebro-ordenador
Authors: Velasco-Álvarez Francisco , Fernández-Rodríguez Álvaro , Ron-Angevin Ricardo
Published: March 2023

Las interfaces cerebro-ordenador (BCI, de brain-computer interface) permiten utilizar la actividad cerebral de un usuario como canal de comunicación para interactuar con determinados dispositivos. Sin embargo, adaptar los dispositivos del entorno para que sean controlados a través de una BCI no es una tarea sencilla. El objetivo del presente trabajo es controlar un sistema domótico a través de una BCI que permita la construcción de comandos de voz, los cuales serán interpretados por un asistente virtual. Doce usuarios han probado el sistema propuesto para el control de las siguientes aplicaciones y dispositivos: WhatsApp, Spotify, Google Nest, una bombilla inteligente, un enchufe inteligente (para encender y apagar una radio) y un mando de infrarrojos (para controlar una televisión y un aire acondicionado). Los resultados obtenidos han demostrado que la BCI propuesta ha resultado efectiva para el control de sistema domótico flexible y que puede ser adaptado a las necesidades de los usuarios.
New Extractivism in Ghana’s Salt Sector
Authors: Atta-Quayson Alhassan
Published: March 2023

Since commercial production of oil and gas started in Ghana over a decade ago, the salt sector which has historically been dominated by artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) has seen renewed corporate interest. Aided by the state’s preference for large-scale mining (LSM) over ASM since the days of the Economic Reform Program, several tens of thousands of acres of areas previously operated by artisanal and small-scale miners for salt mining have been leased to large-scale salt mining companies. Situated in political settlement and infrapolitics theoretical frameworks, with a focus on two key salt producing sites (Songor and Keta lagoons) and using qualitative research methods through ethnographic engagement with affected regions, the study explores the consequences of this new extractivism in the salt sector to assess the long-term consequences of forced evictions, as well as role of civil society in the retention or otherwise of the now dominant LSM in the salt sector.
Analysis of chronic pathology of the pharynx according to the results of pathohistological findings
Authors: Shlyaga I. D. , Miazheinikava M. O. , Cheliabiyeva N. P. , Hlavatskaya I. P. , Shalyga I. F.
Published: March 2023

Objective. To analyze the incidence of lymphoid structures of the pharynx among the adult population during the period from January 2021 to August 2022 in three nosological forms: chronic decompensated tonsillitis (CDT), hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsils (HPT), hypertrophy of lingual tonsillitis (HLT). To determine the relationship of the above pathology between the age and sex of patients at the present stage. To evaluate the role of mycobiota in the structure of pharyngeal morbidity.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was 96 patients with chronic pathology of the lymphoid structures of the pharynx aged from 17 to 70 years, who were on inpatient treatment at the Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital (GRCH) during the period from January 2021 to August 2022. All patients underwent surgical intervention followed by an assessment of the pathohistological conclusions of postoperative samples of pharyngeal lymphatic formations. The patients were divided into 3 nosological study groups: CDT; HPT; HLT. Statistical data processing was performed using software: MS Excel and the programming language for statistical data analysis R (version 4.2.1), packages tidyverse (version 1.3.1), rstatix (version 0.7.0), ggstatsplot (version 0.9.5).

Results. The study revealed the most common nosological groups among patients with pathology of the pharyngeal lymphatic ring of Pirogov-Waldeyer: CDT (44%) and HPT (38%). A significant difference was revealed between the incidence rates of pathology of the Pirogov-Waldeyer pharyngeal lymphatic ring in the study age groups from 17 to 25 years (p=0.0008); from 26 to 35 years (p=0.0021); 56 years and older (p=0.008). The median age of patients in the study group was 35 years (LQ 24.0; UQ 48.5), whereas in some nosological forms: CDT – 30 years (LQ 23.0; UQ 41.0), namely 28 years among women and 36 years among men; HРT – 32.5 years (LQ 24.0; UQ 43.25), namely 34.5 years among women and 31.5 years among men; HLT – 57 years (LQ 49.0; UQ 63.0), and it is 56.5 years among women and 57 years among men. Morphological examination revealed only 2 (2%) cases of mycotic lesions of the removed lymphoid masses.

Conclusion. The relationship between the pathology of lymphoid structures of the pharynx in three nosological forms (CDT, HPT, HLT) and the age of patients was revealed. The role of mycobiota in the overall study group in the structure of pharyngeal morbidity at the present stage was evaluated.
Assessment of employability in patients with breast cancer with a completely unfavorable clinical-labor prognosis
Authors: Smychek V. B. , Ilyukhin P. A. , Slipchenko E. G. , Titova L. N.
Published: March 2023

Objective. To develop objective criteria applicable in the practice of medical and social expertise when assessing the employability of patients suffering from breast cancer with absolutely life-threatening clinical and labor prognosis.

Materials and methods. In order to realize our aims we conducted a retrospective study of 37 female patients of employable age with malignant neoplasms of the breast, who at examination (primary or repeated) in medical and rehabilitation expert commissions (MREC) were assigned the first disability group due to absolutely unfavorable clinical and labor prognosis in respect of life in the nearest future. Inclusion criteria were morphologically confirmed breast cancer, absolutely unfavorable clinical and clinical and labor prognosis. Exclusion criteria were synchronous and metachronous cancer, presence of significant concomitant pathology.

Results. The results of the study showed that it is reasonable to use quantitative values of the Karnovsky index and ECOG scale as the simplest and the most universal criteria for evaluation of the general somatic status of a patient when examining patients with breast cancer with absolutely unfavorable prognosis at MREC. During the study, the quantitative values of the given indicators correlating with the degree of severity of disability to labor activity are determined: at the values of the Karnovsky index 60 points and more, the ECOG status 2-3, a reliable correlation (τ = 0,51, p < 0,001) with severely limited ability to work (АС 4) is revealed. As a result of the study, it was demonstrated that disabled individuals of the first group can be recognized as able-bodied with limitations only with higher values of these scales, taking into account harmful and dangerous production factors, as well as class of working conditions.

Conclusion. We found that when assessing the degree of severity of limitations to the ability to work in the disabled people of the first group with absolutely unfavorable clinical and labor prognosis, it is reasonable to be guided by the generally accepted scales of assessment of the general condition of a cancer patient (Karnovsky index, ECOG scale), taking into account the existing harmful and/or dangerous production factors, as well as the working conditions class.
Insurance medicine in Belarus in the first third of the twentieth century
Authors: Kaplieva M. P. , Kapliyev A. A.
Published: March 2023

Objective. To characterize the process of development of insurance medicine in Belarus in the first third of the twentieth century.

Materials and methods. Archival, periodical and narrative sources processed using general scientific and special historical research methods.

Results. Insurance medicine in Belarus originated in the early twentieth century in the form of hospital sick funds, which provided medical care to workers in case of illness, but was actually destroyed during the First World War. In Soviet Belarus the development of insurance medicine began during a period of massive reduction in healthcare funding associated with the New Economic Policy. In fact, insurance medicine became only a financial donor to the People’s Commissariat for Healthcare, but it was not distinguished as an independent branch, which was typical for the pre-revolutionary period, so the principle of unity of Soviet medicine was preserved. A characteristic feature of the studied period was the small social coverage of medical insurance, which applied only to workers and employees, who constituted a small part of the population of Soviet Belarus, where the rural population was greatly dominated.

Conclusion. Despite the successful experience of organizing insurance medicine, it was only a temporary measure to maintain the resources of unified Soviet state medicine and in reality covered an extremely small percentage of the population, so after the crisis in health care was overcome it was abolished.
Identification of groups of residents in contaminated territories homogeneous in the external exposure dose by a set of informative factors-signs
Authors: Kulikovich D. B. , Vlasova N. G.
Published: March 2023

Objective. On the basis of the regularities established earlier, to identify professionally and socially oriented, homogeneous by external exposure dose, groups of residents living in the contaminated with radionuclides territories according to the set of informative factor-signs.

Materials and methods. The present study is a continuation of the research of factors influencing external radiation dose formation in individuals living in areas contaminated with radionuclides. The data on external radiation doses for 25503 residents of Gomel region living in 289 settlements obtained by individual dosimetric control and the previously identified factors which statistically justify the external radiation dose formation were included in the study.

Results. Analysis of external exposure doses of Gomel region residents according to the set of informative factor-signs revealed that there is a wide dispersion of doses among different social groups which allowed to form professionally and socially oriented homogeneous groups according to external exposure dose taking into account dose forming factors revealed earlier. The results of the study statistically demonstrate that informative factor-signs: professional employment, age and gender affiliation together influence individual external exposure dose formation.

Conclusion. Professional homogeneous groups of different social groups were formed based on a set of informative factor-signs which determine its formation in individuals living in areas contaminated with radionuclides. This will become the basis for developing the method of reconstruction and prognosis of individualized external exposure dose in the future.
Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-fluoro-N-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)benzamide
Authors: Elancheran Ramakrishnan , Karthikeyan Balakrishnan , Srinivasan Subramanian , Krishnasamy Kuppusamy , Kabilan Senthamaraikannan
Published: March 2023

The 4-fluoro-N-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)benzamide was synthesized by the reaction of 4-fluorobenzohydrazide with phthalic anhydride in acetic acid. The compound was characterized by analytical instruments like FT-IR and NMR. The three-dimensional structure of the title compound was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. In addition to the experimental study, theoretical calculations were performed to explore the molecular structure in order to analyze experimental and theoretical findings. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n as determined by the X-ray diffraction investigation, crystal data for C15H9FN2O3·H2O: a = 14.094(6) Å, b = 7.248(3) Å, c = 14.517(6) Å, β = 105.116(14)°, V = 1431.6(10) Å3, Z = 4, T = 298(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.112 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.402 g/cm3, 37521 reflections measured (4.684° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 60.6°), 4225 unique (Rint = 0.0517, Rsigma = 0.0311) that were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0537 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1501 (all data). The N-H···O and O-H···O hydrogen bonds linking molecules in the crystal form a three-dimensional framework structure. The electronic states and molecular properties of the title compound were determined using computational studies, like density functional theory and Hirshfeld surface analysis.
Comparative chemical composition and pesticidal evaluation of Acorus calamus accessions collected from different geographical locations
Authors: Joshi Tisha , Nagarkoti Kirti , Joshi Navadha , Rawat Avneesh , Prakash Om , Kumar Ravendra , Srivastava Ravi Mohan , Kumar Satya , Rawat Shilpi , Rawat Dharmendra Singh
Published: March 2023

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the phytochemical composition of essential oils (EO) from rhizomes of Acorus calamus collected from Jorhat, Assam; Munsyari and Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.  EOs were studied for different pesticidal activities viz; nematicidal, insecticidal, and herbicidal activity. To study the synergistic effect of EOs on pesticidal activity, four combinations of EOs were prepared. Phenylpropanoids with β-asarone as the main compound were identified in all collections with varying percentages. Its contribution was found to be 85.8% in Munsyari EOs followed by 74.3% in Pantnagar and 62.6% in Assam collections. All EOs exhibited dose-dependent in vitro nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita in terms of immobility and inhibition of egg hatching. The activity was observed as maximum in the EO combination of all three collections (1:1:1) whereas minimum in the Assam collections. In insecticidal activity against Lipaphis erysimi and Selepa celtis, maximum mortality was observed in Munsyari collections. The oils were assessed for sprout inhibition activity in terms of seed germination inhibition, coleoptile growth of the shoot and root against Raphanus raphanistrum. Maximum seed germination inhibition, % shoot, and root growth inhibition were found in all collections EO combinations. To predict the possible mode of action and the structure-activity relationship between major compounds of EOs and biological activities, in silico molecular docking and ADME/Tox studies were performed. The docking results revealed the mode of action of proteins of insects, nematodes, and weeds and were found in support of in vitro experiments. The study may be helpful for the development of herbal-based pesticides after proper clinical trials.
Fuel oil production from thermal decomposition of the model and waste polystyrene: Comparative kinetics and product distribution
Authors: Ali Ghulam , Nisar Jan , Arshad Muhammad
Published: March 2023

The thermal degradation of model polystyrene (MPS) and waste polystyrene (WPS) was performed in a thermobalance system at four heating rates (β) i.e., 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min  in an inert atmosphere. The apparent activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (A) for the MPS and the WPS were calculated using Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Augis-Bennetis (AB) methods. It has been determined that Ea and A vary according to fraction conversion, heating rates, and applied models. The activation energy determined for MPS was found to be in the range of 91-106, 90-105, and 114-133 kJ/mol, while, for WPS, Ea was determined in the range of 82-160, 79-159 and 102-202 kJ/mol by applying OFW, KAS, and AB models, respectively. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the Ea determined by all of these methods increases with fraction conversion, indicating that the decomposition of polystyrene follows a complex mechanism of the solid-state reaction. Hence, the kinetic parameters, i.e., Ea and A, seem to play a key role in investigating the mechanism of solid-state reactions and will provide an opportunity to develop the mechanism of the industrial decomposition reactions. The results show that the MPS has a lower activation energy compared to WPS. This high Ea of WPS may be due to the additives used in the manufacturing of different polystyrene products. Pyrolysis GC/MS of WPS indicates that the main components of pyrolysis oil are 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, styrene, α-methyl styrene, toluene, and 1,2-dimethyl benzene. The presence of some oxygenated compounds in the fuel oil of WPS may be due to contamination or additives used during polystyrene processing, as the WPS samples were collected from a garbage dump near a local market. WPS can be utilized as fuel if the fuel oil collected from the pyrolysis of WPS is properly upgraded to make it equivalent to commercial fuel oil.
Accounting for meteorological biases in simulated plumes using smarter metrics
Authors: Vanderbecken Pierre J. , Dumont Le Brazidec Joffrey , Farchi Alban , Bocquet Marc , Roustan Yelva , Potier Élise , Broquet Grégoire
Published: March 2023

Abstract. In the next few years, numerous satellites with high-resolution instruments dedicated to the imaging of atmospheric gaseous compounds will be launched, to finely monitor emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants. Processing the resulting images of plumes from cities and industrial plants to infer the emissions of these sources can be challenging. In particular traditional atmospheric inversion techniques, relying on objective comparisons to simulations with atmospheric chemistry transport models, may poorly fit the observed plume due to modelling errors rather than due to uncertainties in the emissions. The present article discusses how these images can be adequately compared to simulated concentrations to limit the weight of modelling errors due to the meteorology used to analyse the images. For such comparisons, the usual pixel-wise ℒ2 norm may not be suitable, since it does not linearly penalise a displacement between two identical plumes. By definition, such a metric considers a displacement as an accumulation of significant local amplitude discrepancies. This is the so-called double penalty issue. To avoid this issue, we propose three solutions: (i) compensate for position error, due to a displacement, before the local comparison; (ii) use non-local metrics of density distribution comparison; and (iii) use a combination of the first two solutions. All the metrics are evaluated using first a catalogue of analytical plumes and then more realistic plumes simulated with a mesoscale Eulerian atmospheric transport model, with an emphasis on the sensitivity of the metrics to position error and the concentration values within the plumes. As expected, the metrics with the upstream correction are found to be less sensitive to position error in both analytical and realistic conditions. Furthermore, in realistic cases, we evaluate the weight of changes in the norm and the direction of the four-dimensional wind fields in our metric values. This comparison highlights the link between differences in the synoptic-scale winds direction and position error. Hence the contribution of the latter to our new metrics is reduced, thus limiting misinterpretation. Furthermore, the new metrics also avoid the double penalty issue.
A 29-year time series of annual 300 m resolution plant-functional-type maps for climate models
Authors: Harper Kandice L. , Lamarche Céline , Hartley Andrew , Peylin Philippe , Ottlé Catherine , Bastrikov Vladislav , San Martín Rodrigo , Bohnenstengel Sylvia I. , Kirches Grit , Boettcher Martin , Shevchuk Roman , Brockmann Carsten , Defourny Pierre
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The existing medium-resolution land cover time series produced
under the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative provides 29 years (1992–2020) of annual land cover maps at 300 m resolution, allowing
for a detailed study of land change dynamics over the contemporary era.
Because models need two-dimensional parameters rather than two-dimensional
land cover information, the land cover classes must be converted into
model-appropriate plant functional types (PFTs) to apply this time series to
Earth system and land surface models. The first-generation cross-walking table that was presented with the land cover product prescribed pixel-level
PFT fractional compositions that varied by land cover class but that lacked spatial variability. Here we describe a new ready-to-use data product for
climate modelling: spatially explicit annual maps of PFT fractional
composition at 300 m resolution for 1992–2020, created by fusing the 300 m
medium-resolution land cover product with several existing high-resolution
datasets using a globally consistent method. In the resulting data product,
which has 14 layers for each of the 29 years, pixel values at 300 m
resolution indicate the percentage cover (0 %–100 %) for each of 14 PFTs,
with pixel-level PFT composition exhibiting significant intra-class spatial
variability at the global scale. We additionally present an updated version
of the user tool that allows users to modify the baseline product (e.g. re-mapping, re-projection, PFT conversion, and spatial sub-setting) to meet
individual needs. Finally, these new PFT maps have been used in two land
surface models – Organising Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) and the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) – to demonstrate their benefit over the conventional maps based on a generic cross-walking table. Regional changes
in the fractions of trees, short vegetation, and bare-soil cover induce changes in surface properties, such as the albedo, leading to significant
changes in surface turbulent fluxes, temperature, and vegetation carbon
stocks. The dataset is accessible at https://doi.org/10.5285/26a0f46c95ee4c29b5c650b129aab788 (Harper et al., 2023).
Brief communication: The potential use of low-cost acoustic sensors to detect rainfall for short-term urban flood warnings
Authors: Peleg Nadav , Torelló-Sentelles Herminia , Mariéthoz Grégoire , Benoit Lionel , Leitão João P. , Marra Francesco
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Floods in urban areas are one of the most common natural hazards. Due to climate change enhancing extreme rainfall and cities becoming larger and denser, the frequency, magnitude, and impact of these events are expected to increase. Pluvial floods can occur in urban areas within minutes. A fast and reliable rainfall detection system should thus be implemented in flood-prone cities to warn the public of upcoming floods and save lives and reduce damage. The purpose of this brief communication is to discuss the potential implementation of low-cost acoustic rainfall sensors in short-term flood warning systems.
Linking scales of sea ice surface topography: evaluation of ICESat-2 measurements with coincident helicopter laser scanning during MOSAiC
Authors: Ricker Robert , Fons Steven , Jutila Arttu , Hutter Nils , Duncan Kyle , Farrell Sinead L. , Kurtz Nathan T. , Fredensborg Hansen Renée Mie
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Information about sea ice surface topography and related deformation is crucial for studies of sea ice mass balance, sea ice modeling, and ship navigation through the ice pack. The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2), part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System, has been on orbit for over 4 years, sensing the sea ice surface topography with six laser beams capable of capturing individual features such as pressure ridges. To assess the capabilities and uncertainties of ICESat-2 products, coincident high-resolution measurements of sea ice surface topography are required. During the yearlong Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in the Arctic Ocean, we successfully carried out a coincident underflight of ICESat-2 with a helicopter-based airborne laser scanner (ALS), achieving an overlap of more than 100 km. Despite the comparably short data set, the high-resolution centimeter-scale measurements of the ALS can be used to evaluate the performance of ICESat-2 products. Our goal is to investigate how the sea ice surface roughness and topography are represented in different ICESat-2 products as well as how sensitive ICESat-2 products are to leads and small cracks in the ice cover. Here, we compare the ALS measurements with ICESat-2's primary sea ice height product, ATL07, and the high-fidelity surface elevation product developed by the University of Maryland (UMD).
By applying a ridge-detection algorithm, we find that 16 % (4 %) of the number of obstacles in the ALS data set are found using the strong (weak) center beam in ATL07. Significantly higher detection rates of 42 % (30 %) are achieved when using the UMD product. While only one lead is indicated in ATL07 for the underflight, the ALS reveals many small, narrow, and only partly open cracks that appear to be overlooked by ATL07.
التطوُّرِ الدَّلالي في التراكيب الواردة في معجم جمهرة اللغة
Authors: فراس هاشم إدريس
Published: March 2023

فكرة البحث تقوم على دراسة تراكيب منتقاة من معجم جمهرة اللغة، والتي أوردها ابن دريد بأسلوب لغوي متميز. ظهر فيها أثر التطور الدلالي للألفاظ التي تطورت دلالتها بعدما كانت مفردة إلى حين دخولها في تراكيب النصوص. وإنّ الشكل الدلالي الذي انماز به البحث هو الانتقال الدلالي، فقد تناول هذا النوع من التطور الذي يُعنى به الأدباء والشعراء وعلماء اللغة، فهو من متغيرات الأشكال الدلالية المهمة التي توضح حياة اللفظ، وشكل انتقاله من المعنى الحسّي إلى المعنى المجرد، ومن الحسي إلى الحسّي ليعكس بلاغة اللغة، وقوة دلالاتها، ومراحل نموها بحسب الاستعمال. معتمدا المنهج الوصفي، والتحليلي، والموازي، ومرتبا التراكيب الواردة على النظام الألفبائي، ومقسما خطة البحث على مبحثين وتمهيد وخاتمة، تضمّن التمهيدُ تعريفًا بمفاهيم عنوان البحثِ نحو التطور الدلالي لغة، واصطلاحا، وبيان مفهوم الانتقال الدلالي، والتركيب لغة واصطلاحا، وترجمة لابن دريد. وتضمن المبحث الأول: الانتقال الدلالي من الحسي إلى المعنوي. والمبحث الثاني: الانتقال الدلالي من الحسي إلى الحسي.
تصنيف وتقييم تربة ناحية الزاب ومدى ملائمتها لزراعة محصولي القمح والشعير
Authors: حمد علي احمد
Published: March 2023

ان استثمار الاراضي الزراعية بشكل علمي مدروس لزيادة الانتاج الزراعي واستثمار الموارد الارضية الطبيعية والبشرية وصيانتها من التدهور يتطلب تقييم ملاءمة الاراضي لتخطيط استعمالات الارض الزراعية بهدف تحقيق التنمية الزراعية، وتقييم الارض هو تحديد المناطق المتشابهة بالإمكانيات الارضية الزراعية المتاحة وتحديد العوامل المحددة للزراعة، لتحديد الموقع الافضل او الملائم لزراعة كل محصول. ان تقييم ملاءمة الارض يوفر اساس منطقي وعلمي لاتخاذ القرار باستخدام الارض على اساس تحليل العلاقة بين متطلبات كل محصول والامكانيات المتوفرة لترب ناحية الزاب حسب تصنيف ملاءمة أراضيها الزراعية الحالية والمستقبلية لزراعة محاصيل حقلية شتوية (القمح، الشعير). وتوصلت الدراسة الى عدة استنتاجات اهمها امتلاك منطقة الدراسة موارد طبيعية وبشرية مؤهلة لزراعة لمحصولي القمح والشعير، واظهرت نتائج تقييم الملائمة العالية S1 لأغلب خصائص الصفات التي تم تحليلها لعينات ترب منطقة الدراسة لزراعة المحاصيل الحقلية القمح، الشعير، رغم وجود بعض المشاكل التي تعاني منها المنطقة من عدم وجود مشاريع اروائية يمكن ان تغطيها.
HUGO(TM) RAS System in urogynaecology: the first nerve sparing Sacral Colpopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Panico G , Campagna G , Caramazza D , Vacca L , Mastrovito S , Ercoli A , Scambia G
Published: March 2023

Background: Minimally invasive sacral colpopexy is considered the gold standard for surgical treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP), combining high success rates with low recurrence risk in comparison to other techniques. This is the first case of robotic sacral colpopexy (RSCP) performed with the innovative Hugo™ RAS robotic system.

Objectives: The aim of this article is to show the surgical steps of a nerve sparing RSCP performed with the new Hugo™ RAS robotic system (Medtronic), by also evaluating the feasibility of this technique using this novel Robotic System.

Materials and methods: A 50-year-old Caucasian woman with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP-Q): Aa: +2, Ba: +3, C: +4, D: +4, Bp: -2, Ap: -2 , TVL:10 GH: 3,5 BP:3 underwent RSCP as well as a subtotal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, using the new surgical robot Hugo™ RAS in the Division of Urogynaecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Main outcome measures: Intraoperative data, docking specifics, objective and subjective outcomes at three months follow up.

Results: Surgical procedure was carried out without intra-operative complications, operative time (OT) was 150 minutes, docking time was 9 minutes. No system errors or faults in the robotic arms were registered. Urogynaecological examination at three months follow up showed a complete resolution of the prolapse.

Conclusion: RSCP using the Hugo™ RAS system seems to be a feasible and effective approach according to results in terms of operative time, cosmetic results, postoperative pain and length of hospitalisation. Large number of case reports as well as longer follow up are mandatory to better define its benefits, advantages, and costs.
Estro-progestin and progestogen intake: What’s the impact on hysteroscopic imaging?
Authors: Garuti G , Colonnelli M , Soliani A , Lubrano C , Soligo M
Published: March 2023

Background: In current literature there is no report aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous steroids on hysteroscopic imaging.

Objectives: To evaluate the hysteroscopic features of endometrium in women undergoing female hormones administration.

Material and Methods: We reviewed video-records of hysteroscopies carried-out in women taking estro-progestins (EP), progestogen (P) and Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT). All women underwent biopsies resulting in atrophic, functional, or dysfunctional pathological reports.

Main Outcome Measures: Description of hysteroscopic pictures related to each schedule of therapy.

Results: The study included 117 women. We evaluated 82, 24 and 11 women treated by EP, P and HRT, respectively. In EP users, imaging indistinguishable from physiological pictures was found when high oestrogen dosage and low-potency progestogen as 17-OH progesterone derivatives were administered. By enhancing progestogen potency with 19-norprogesterone and 19-nortestosterone derivatives we observed a promotion of progestogen differentiation such as polypoid-papillary pseudo-decidualisation, spiral artery differentiation, inhibition of gland-proliferation and endometrial atrophy. In P users we distinguished two patterns, depending on continuous or sequential schedules. Continuous therapy resulted in atrophic or proliferative-secretory features whereas sequential ones led to endometrial overgrowth reflecting stromal pseudo-decidualisation. Women undergoing HRT showed atrophic features in combined continuous and polypoid overgrowth in sequential schedules. In women taking Tibolone we found pictures ranging from atrophic to hyperplastic appearances.

Conclusions: Exogenous steroids lead to significant endometrial moulding. Depending on schedule, hysteroscopic-view appears predictable and often showing overgrowths mimicking proliferative pathologies. In this case biopsy is recommended but in common practice physicians should gain awareness with hysteroscopic pictures induced from hormone administration.

What is new? Systematic assessment of hysteroscopic pictures during estro-progestins intake.
A new surgical approach for fertility-sparing management of diffuse endometrial G2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma: a step-by-step technique
Authors: Catena U , Mirandola M , Capomacchia F.M. , Fanfani F , Scambia G
Published: March 2023

Background: 4% of endometrial cancers are diagnosed in young women and 70% are nulliparous. Preserve fertility in these patients is of major interest. It is demonstrated that hysteroscopic resection of focal well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma, followed by progestins achieve a complete response rate of 95.3%. Recently, fertility-sparing treatment was proposed also in case of moderately differentiated endometrioid tumors, with a relatively high remission rate.

Objective: To show a new hysteroscopic approach, in case of fertility-sparing treatment of diffuse endometrial G2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Materials and Methods: Stepwise demonstration of the technique with narrated video footage for the fertility-sparing management of diffuse endometrial G2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma, combining the use of a 15 Fr bipolar miniresectoscope and ‘three-steps’ resection technique (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) with a Tissue Removal Device (TRD) (Truclear Elite Mini, Medtronic).

Main outcome measures: negative hysteroscopic assessment and endometrial biopsies at three and six months.

Results: Normal endometrial cavity and negative biopsies

Conclusion: Combined hysteroscopic technique, in case of diffuse endometrial G2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma, followed by double progestin therapy (Levonorgestrel releasing Intrauterine Device + Megestrole Acetate 160 mg/daily), may be associated with higher complete response rate; the use of TRD to complete the resection near tubal ostia may reduce risk of post-operative intrauterine adhesions and improve reproductive outcomes.

What is new? A novel, fertility-sparing surgical approach for diffuse endometrial G2 endometroid adenocarcinoma.
ESGO/ESHRE/ESGE Guidelines for the fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Rodolakis A , Scambia G , Planchamp F , Acien M , Di Spiezio Sardo A , Farrugia M , Grynberg M , Pakiž M , Pavlakis K , Vermeulen N , Zannoni G , Zapardiel I , Tryde Macklon K.L.
Published: March 2023

Background: The standard surgical treatment of endometrial carcinoma (EC) consisting of total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy drastically affects the quality of life of patients and creates a challenge for clinicians. Recent evidence-based guidelines of the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European SocieTy for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) provide comprehensive guidelines on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment in EC in a multidisciplinary setting. While also addressing work-up for fertility preservation treatments and the management and follow-up for fertility preservation, it was considered relevant to further extend the guidance on fertility sparing treatment.

Objectives: To define recommendations for fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma.

Materials and Methods: ESGO/ESHRE/ESGE nominated an international multidisciplinary development group consisting of practicing clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the care and research of EC (11 experts across Europe). To ensure that the guidelines are evidence-based, the literature published since 2016, identified from a systematic search was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group. The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 95 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives.

Results: The multidisciplinary development group formulated 48 recommendations for fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma in four sections: patient selection, tumour clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and special issues.

Conclusions: These recommendations provide guidance to professionals caring for women with endometrial carcinoma, including but not limited to professionals in the field of gynaecological oncology, onco-fertility, reproductive surgery, endoscopy, conservative surgery, and histopathology, and will help towards a holistic and multidisciplinary approach for this challenging clinical scenario.

What is new? A collaboration was set up between the ESGO, ESHRE and ESGE, aiming to develop clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines focusing on key aspects of fertility-sparing treatment in order to improve the quality of care for women with endometrial carcinoma across Europe and worldwide.
IDENTIFICATION AND STUDY OF THE FACULTATIVE BREAD WHEAT GENE POOL OF INTERNATIONAL BREEDING ON ECONOMIC AND VALUABLE TRAITS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHEAST OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   LLP ", Yessimbekova M.A. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Farming and Plant Growing",   , Almalybak village, Almaty region, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Mukin K.B. ,   LLP "Kazakh Research Institute of Farming and Plant Growing", Almalybak village, Almaty region, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Yerzhanova S.T. ,   LLP "Kazakh Research Institute of Farming and Plant Growing", Almalybak village, Almaty region, the Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: March 2023

Мақала Қазақстанның оңтүстік-шығысында табиғи-климаты қыста ұзақ уақыт жылы болып терең тыныштық күйіне түспейтін күздік бидай сорттары төмен оң температурада өсіп, биомасса жинақтауға мүмкіндік беретін жағдайда шарашылыққа құнды белгілері бойынша факультативті бидайдың халықаралық селекциядағы гендік қорын анықтауға және зерттеуге арналған. 6-14 FAWWON (CIMMYT/TURKEY, 2005-2015) факультативтік және күздік бидайдың халықаралық питомнигінде әлемнің 33-тен астам елінен 1019 үлгі зерттелді. Төмен температураның яровизация әсерін барынша азайтатын көктемгі кеш себіс жағдайында талданған коллекцияның даму түрлері анықталды. 223 үлгі масақтануға дейінгі 56-66 күн кезеңімен әлсіз/орташа фотосезімталдық (Казахстанская 10 жергілікті сорты деңгейінде) санатына жатқызылды және 33 генотип күшті фотопериодтық реакциясы бар факультативті болып анықталды (МДҚ 67-77 ≥ күн). Масақтануға дейінгі даму қарқыны (МДҚ) негізінде белгілер топтамасын құру шеңберінде жүргізілген зерттеулер факультативтік даму түріндегі бидайдың аталған кезеңінің аутқу қатарын белгілеуге және Қазақстанның оңтүстік-шығысы жағдайында, олардың пайда болу жиілігі мен генотипін анықтауға ықпал етті. Масақтағы дәннің көп болуына байланысты ондағы анықталған жоғарғы дән салмағын сақтау қабілеті факультативті формалардың бейімделгіштігін және сайып келгенде өнімділігін анықтайтын маңызды фактор болып табылады. FAWWON питомниктерінен болашақты екі жақты сорт үлгілері анықталды, олар осындай даму типті бидай өсіруде құнды бастапқы материал ретінде пайдаланылуы мүмкін
THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH STIMULANTS, BIOFERTILIZERS AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON THE FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVE ELEMENTS OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF BOGARA IN THE SOUTH OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Turkestan Higher Multidisciplinary Agrarian College, Turkestan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazybayeva A.T. , Erkuatov R. ,   LLP "South-Western Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Plant Growing", Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan, Turganbaev N.O. ,   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: March 2023

В условиях богарного земледелия юга Казахстана основным лимитирующим фактором урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур, в том числе озимой пшеницы являются недостаток влаги и пищи. В сложившихся условиях рынка дороговизна минеральных удобрений, ограничивают возможности фермеров по их применению. В этой связи нами изучалась возможность применения стимуляторов роста, микроудобрений, биоудобрений с целью сравнительного изучения по ранним рекомендованным нормам минеральных удобрений. Установлено, при обработке семян стимулятором роста «Вымпел» 0,5 л/т и микроудобрением «Оракул» семена 1,0 л/т с одновременным протравливанием фунгицида «Бункер» 0,4 л/т, а так же с ранневесенней обработкой посевов в фазе кущения озимой пшеницы стимулятором «Вымпел» 0,5 л/га и микроудобрением «Оракул» мультикомплекс 2,0 л/га с одновременном внесением гербицида «Балерина» 0,5 л/га и вторая обработка в выше указанным стимулятором роста и микроудобрением в период появления флагового листа озимой пшеницы в соответствующей норме, способствовали увеличению урожайности зерна в засушливые годы 2,1 раза, а в среднее увлажненные годы в 2,0 раза со сбором 14,6 и 22,1 ц/га зерна соответственно. При применении биоудобрения «Биобарс-М» величина урожайности была несколько ниже 10,8 и 20,2 ц/га, тем не менее на 1,6 и 1,9 раза больше получена урожайность зерна по сравнению с контрольным неудобренным вариантом опыта и в зависимости от сложившихся погодно-климатических факторов исследуемых лет
STUDY OF SYNTHETIC LINES OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT ON ECONOMIC AND VALUABLE TRAITS
Authors:   Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production  Kazakhstan, Almaty region, Almalybak village, Kozhakhmetov K. , Bastaubaeva Sh.O. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production  Kazakhstan, Almaty region, Almalybak village, Slyamova N.D. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production  Kazakhstan, Almaty region, Almalybak village
Published: March 2023

В статье изложены результаты по изучению синтетических линий озимой мягкой пшеницы по хозяйственно-ценным признакам. На сегодняшний день запас генофонда мягкой пшеницы по лимитирующим признакам намного ограничен и не позволяет решать многие актуальные проблемы современный селекции. Поэтому, очень актуально применять селекционно-генетические, цитогенетические методы с использованием представителей близких родов и видов пшеницы Aegilops, Agropyron Secale, T.imopheevii, T.dicoccum, T.kiharae и других геноносителей признаков и свойств совместно классическими методами селекции, отбора и гибридизации, внутривидового скрещивания мягкой пшеницы. Наилучшим подходом для оценки и последующего переноса уникальных для пшеницы аллелей от ее диких сородичей является использование пшенично-чужеродных гибридов. Проводимые нами работы непосредственно связаны с использованием большого количества районированных сортов коллекции Казахского научно-исследовательского института земледелия и растениеводства. Получена серия морфологически маркированных синтетических линий озимой мягкой пшеницы. Структурный анализ синтетических линий показал, что линии достоверно отличались по элементам продуктивности, т.е. по числе и массе зерна с одного растения, массе 1000 зерен от стандартного сорта, так и от других синтетических линий. Кроме того, по технологическим показателям качества зерна синтетические линии отличались высоким содержанием белка, клейковины и имели более высокие значения твердозерности и седиментации муки. Такое качество позволяет использовать их как исходный материал в процессе гибридизации. В результате исследований за счет генов диких злаков расширен генетический потенциал устойчивости и качества зерна озимой мягкой пшеницы. Создан новый сорт озимой пшеницы, рекомендуемый для возделывания органического сельского хозяйства.