bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalysen der Dioxoosmate( VI) trans-[OsO2(CN)4]2-, trans-[OsO2(CN)2(0H )]2
2- und trans-[OsO2(CN)2(OCH3)]2
2 sowie Kristallstruktur von trans-(Ph3PNPPh3)2[OsO2(CN)2(OCH3)]2 / Vibrational Spectra and Normal Coordinate Analysis of the Dioxoosmates(VI) trans-[OsO2(CN)4]2-, trans-[OsO2 (CN)2(OH)]2
2-
and trans-[OsO2(CN)2(OCH3]2
2- , and Crystal Structure of trans-(Ph3PNPPh3)2[OsO2(CN)2(OCH3)]2
Authors: Strueß A. , Preetz W.
Published: February 2015

The crystal structure of trans-(Ph3PNPPh3)2[OsO2(CN)2(OCH3)]2 (triclinic, space group P1̄, a = 11.816(2), b = 13.480(3), c = 13.610(5) Å, α = 83.46(2), ß = 77.09(2), γ = 71.06(2)°, Z = 1) has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The IR and Raman spectra of the (n-Bu4N)-salts of trans-[OsO2(CN)4]2- (1), trans-[OsO2(CN)2(OH)]2
2- (2) and trans-[OsO2(CN)2(OCH3)]2
2- (3) were measured at room temperature. Based on the molecular parameters of the X-ray determination normal coordinate analyses have been performed and the vibrations are assigned. The valence force constants of 1 are fd(Os=O) = 6.5, fd(Os-C) = 2.62 and fd(C≡N ) = 16.85 mdyn/A, of 2 and 3 are fd(Os=O) = 6.7, fd(Os-C) = 2.55 and fd(C≡N ) = 16.95 mdyn/Å. fd(Os-O) ranges from 2.0 - 2.2 and for the methoxy bridge is fd(C-O) = 4.00 mdyn/Å
Darstellung, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalysen der Dioxoosmate(VI) trans-[OsO2(CN)2(ox)]2-, transs-[OsO2(CN)2(mal)]2- und trans-[OsO2(CN)2(N2H2C2O2)]2- / Synthesis, Vibrational Spectra and Normal Coordinate Analysis of the Dioxoosmates(VI) frans-[OsO2(CN)2(ox)]2- , trans-[OsO2 (CN)2(mal)]2- and trans-[OsO2 (CN)2(N2H2C2O2)]2-
Authors: Strueß A. , Preetz W.
Published: February 2015

By careful acidification of the aqueous solution of trans-K2[OsO2(OH)4] in the presence of the required amount of cyanide ions with oxalic acid, malonic acid or oxamide the osmyl complexes trans-[OsO2(CN)2(ox)]2- (1), trans-[OsO2(CN)2(mal)]2- (2) und trans-[OsO2(CN)2(N2H2C2O2)]2- (3) are formed. The IR and Raman spectra of the (n-Bu4N) and (Et4N) salts of 1, 2 und 3 were measured at room temperature. Based on the molecular parameters of the X-ray determination of related complexes normal coordinate analyses have been performed and the vibrations were assigned. The valence force constants are fd(C≡N ) = 16.95, fd(Os=O) = 6.68 - 6.70, fd(Os-O) = 2.55 - 2.60, fd(Os-C) = 2.55 and fd(Os-N) = 2.30 mdyn/Å. For the chelate ligands, fd(C =0) ranges from 11.03 - 11.15, fd(C-O/N) from 4.86 - 5.05 and fd(C-C) from 4.07 - 4.70 mdyn/Å.
Wrap-around Encapsulated Cs(dibenzo-24-crown-8)+ Cations form Linear Coordination Polymers with Dicyanoargentate Anions Ag(CN)2-
Authors: Rusanova Julia A. , Squattrito Philip J. , Ponomareva Vera V. , Domasevitch Konstantin V. , Kokozay Volodimir N.
Published: February 2015

The new macrocyclic dicyanoargentate complex Cs(dibenzo-24-crown-8)[Ag(CN)2] has been prepared and studied by means of X-ray diffraction (monoclinic, space group P21/a, with a = 12.730(3), b = 15.443(3), c = 15.323(3) Å, V = 3005(1) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.041; wR2 = 0.048 for 5488 unique reflections with I > 3σ(I)). The lattice consists of complex Cs(db- 24-crown-8)+ cations (as an example of the “wrap-around” structure) and [Ag(CN)2]- anions forming a one-dimensional polymeric structure. The caesium atoms are coordinated with 8 oxygen atoms of the macrocycle and two nitrogen atoms of the dicyanoargentate groups, bonding to the cation on both sides of the crown-ether. It is the first structure of a dibenzo-24-crown-8 complex with a large metal cation such as Cs+.
Tuning the Energy of the NIR Absorption of Dinuclear Triphos-Cobalt-Complexes
Authors: Heinze Katja , Huttner Gottfried , Zsolnai Laszlo
Published: February 2015

Dinuclear Co(III) complexes of the type [(triphos)Co(C6X2Z1Z2Z3Z4)Co(triphos)]2+ (Z1-4 = O, NR, S; R = H, Me; X = H, Cl, Br, I; 1- 62+) have been prepared and characterized by MS, IR, NMR, cyclovoltammetric and UV/VIS/NIR measurements and by X-ray analyses (12+, 3a2+ and 42+). Their redox behaviour and the energy of their low energy LMCT bands was studied and compared to the properties of the mononuclear complexes [(triphos)Co(C6H4Z1Z2)]+ (Z1-2= O, NH, S).
Preparation and X-Ray Structure of 4-N,N′-Bis(trimethylsilyl)- amino-3,5-diisopropylphenylselenium Trichloride
Authors: Maaninen Arto , Boeré René T. , Chivers Tristram , Parvez Masood
Published: February 2015

The reaction of SeCl4 or SeCl2 with N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,6-diisopropylaniline occurs not at the nitrogen atom but by electrophilic aromatic substitution at C-4 of the phenyl ring to give [(CH3)3Si]2NC6H2 (iPr2)SeCl3 , which crystallizes as the chloro-bridged dimer in the triclinic system, space group P1̅, a - 10.2598(17), b = 13.665(3), c = 9.7838(10) Å, a = 90.056(13), ß = 102.439(11), γ = 70.922(14)°, V = 1262.3(4) Å3, Z= 1. The dimer contains an essentially planar Cl2Se(μ-Cl)2SeCl2 unit, with trans apical (Me3Si)2NC6H2(iPr)2 groups, resulting in approximately square pyramidal geometry at Se. The bridging Se-Cl distances are unequal at 2.587(2) and 2.749(2) Å.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Novel Bis(stannyl)silanes
Authors: Bleckmann P. , Englich U. , Hermann U. , Prass I. , Ruhlandt-Senge K. , Schürmann M. , Schwittekh C. , Uhlig F.
Published: February 2015

Bis(stannyl)silanes of types R3Sn-SiR′2-SnR3 and R2(H)Sn-SiR′2-Sn(H)R2 with R′ being methyl, phenyl, iso-propyl or terf-butyl have been synthesized by treatment of difunctionalized diorganosilanes with alkali stannides (R = Me, tBu; R′= Me, iPr; 1 - 6, 8 ) or with triphenyltin chloride and magnesium (R = Ph; R′ = Me, iPh;Pr; 7, 9). Me3Sn-SitBu2-SnMe3 4, was halogenated using SnCl4, to yield the bis(chlorostannyl)silane 11.

The reaction of bis(stannyl)diorganosilanes R3SnSiR′SnR3 with catalytic amounts of Pd(PPh3)4 resulted in unexpected rearrangements under formation of the silyldistannanes R3SnSnR2SiR′R2. These compounds undergo addition reactions with alkynes. All compounds have been identified by NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. Compounds 5, 6 and 7 have also been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Synthesis of 3-Phenylisoxazolo[3,4-a]carbazoles
Authors: Shanmugasundaram K. , Prasad K.J.Rajendra
Published: February 2015

Synthesis of a series of novel 3-phenylisoxazolo[3,4-a]-carbazoles has been accomplished by aroylation of dianions of l-hydroxyimino-l,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles with ethyl benzoate followed by acid cyclization.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the New Telluric Acid Adduct (RbCl)3·Te(OH)6
Authors: Mahlmeister Dirk , Irran Elisabeth
Published: February 2015

The new telluric acid adduct (RbCl)3 ・ Te(OH)6 was prepared by dissolving RbCl and Te(OH)6 in the molar ratio of 3 : 1 in deionized water at r. t. and slow evaporation of the solvent in air. The crystal structure of the colorless crystals was determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction (trigonal space group: R3̄c (no. 167), a = 14.4392(8), c = 10.4301(16) Å , Z = 6). In (RbCl)3 ・ Te(OH)6, the rubidium atom is surrounded by five chlorine and four oxygen atoms in form of an irregular tricapped trigonal prism. Each tellurium atom is octahedrally surrounded by six oxygen atoms. The Te(OH)6 octahedra and the RbCl5O4 polyhedra are linked to a dense three-dimensional network which is additionally strengthened by hydrogen bonds.
A New 2D Copper(II) Coordination Polymer with a Schiff Base Ligand with Weakly Coordinating Sulfonate Groups Affecting the Structure
Authors: Li Jia-Ming , He Kun-Huan , Jiang Yi-Min
Published: February 2015

A new 2D copper(II) coordination polymer with the doubly deprotonated Schiff base ligand 2- (2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)ethanesulfonic acid (H2Saes) has been synthesized, {[Cu(Saes)(4,4´- bpy)]2·H2O}n (1), and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis. Dinuclear copper complexes serve as secondary building blocks (SBUs) to construct an unusual coordination network with an interpenetrating CdSO4 topology. In the crystal, the components form a stable 3D supramolecular architecture by O-H· · ·O, C-H· · ·O interactions and π stacking.
Influence of Anions on the Self-assembly of Cd(II)-containing Coordination Polymers Based on the Flexible Ligand 2-((1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzimidazole
Authors: Jin Guanghua , Yang Yang , Zhou Xiaoli , Meng Xiangru
Published: February 2015

Three Cd(II)-containing coordination polymers [CdCl2(tmb)]n (1) and two polymorphs of {[CdI2(tmb)]·DMF}n (2, 3) (tmb = 2-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzimidazole) have been synthesized by the reactions of tmb with the cadmium salts. Polymer 1 exhibits an infinite · · ·Cd- (Cl1)2-Cd-(Cl2)2-Cd· · · chain with μ2Cl bridges, while polymers 2 and 3 are isomers, in which the Cd(II) ions are bridged by the bidentate tmb ligands leading to · · ·Cd-tmb-Cd· · · chains. The polymers form 3-D supramolecular frameworks through hydrogen bonds and π · · ·π stacking interactions. The different structures of polymers 1 - 3 indicate that the anions and the flexibility of the tmb ligand can influence the structures of the coordination polymers. The infrared spectra and luminescent properties of the polymers have been investigated in the solid state at room temperature
Synthesis, Structures, and Thermal and Magnetic Properties of New Coordination Polymers Based on Mn(II) and Ni(II) Thiocyanato Complexes with trans-1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene as Ligand
Authors: Wöhlert Susanne , Jess Inke , Näther Christian
Published: February 2015

Hydrothermal reaction of manganese(II) thiocyanate with trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) in water leads to the formation of the new ligand-rich 1 : 3 (ratio metal/ligand) compound [Mn(NCS)2- (bpe)2・(bpe)] (1-Mn). In the crystal structure the manganese cations are octahedrally coordinated by two thiocyanato anions and four bpe ligands and are linked into layers by the bpe ligands. Reaction of manganese(II) thiocyanate with bpe in water leads to the known 1 : 2 compound Mn(NCS)2- (bpe)2(H2O)2 (2-Mn). On heating compound 1-Mn is transformed directly into a ligand-deficient 1 : 1 compound of composition [Mn(NCS)2(bpe)]n (4-Mn), whereas on thermal decomposition of 2-Mn a new 1 : 2 anhydrate of composition [Mn(NCS)2(bpe)2]n (3-Mn) can be isolated in the first step, which is transformed into 4-Mn on further heating. In further experiments single crystals of the ligand-deficient compound 4-Mn were also obtained. In its crystal structure the manganese cations are connected by the thiocyanato anions into Mn-(NCS)2-Mn double chains, which are further connected by bpe ligands into layers. In contrast, reaction of nickel(II) thiocyanate with bpe leads always to the formation of only one crystalline phase (1-Ni) that is isotypic to 4-Mn. Magnetic measurements have revealed that all compounds show Curie or Curie-Weiss paramagnetism.
Synthesis of New 1-Aryl-4-(biarylmethylene)piperazine Ligands, Structurally Related to Adoprazine (SLV313)
Authors: Ullah Nisar
Published: February 2015

A series of new 1-aryl-4-(biarylmethylene)piperazines has been synthesized. These ligands are structurally related to SLV-313, a potential atypical antipsychotic having potent D2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT1A receptor agonist properties. Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reactions of 1-boc-piperazine with appropriate aryl halides and subsequent removal of the boc group rendered arylpiperazines. The reductive amination of the latter with suitable biarylaldehydes accomplished the synthesis of these ligands.
A 3D Chiral Hydrogen Bond Framework Based on Phenanthrolinium Hydrogen 4,5-Dichlorophthalate: Crystal Structure and Luminescent Properties
Authors: An Bing , Bai Yan , Yang Fan
Published: February 2015

A salt with the composition [C12H9N2][C8H3Cl2O4] (1) with 4,5-dichlorophthalic acid and 1,10- phenanthroline (phen) has been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 represents a 3D chiral supramolecular framework containing monohelical chains (21 axis) through multiform C-H· · ·O, O-H· · · O, N-H· · ·N intramolecular hydrogen bonds and C-H· · ·O, N-H· · ·O intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Otherwise, two types of face-to-face π · · ·π interactions between the aromatic rings are found in the solid state. The luminescent properties of compound 1 were investigated in the solid state at room temperature
Potent Antioxidant and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Flavanone and Chalcone from Erythrina mildbraedii Harms (Fabaceae) of Cameroon
Authors: Ali Muhammad Shaiq , Ali Muhammad Imran , Ahmed Ghafoor , Afza Nighat , Lateef Mehreen , Iqbal Lubna , Waffo Alain F. K. , Ahmed Zeeshan
Published: February 2015

In continuation of our search for new secondary metabolites from African Erythrina species, E. mildbraedii of Cameroon was investigated. As a result of this study, a new flavanone (mildbone, 1) and a new chalcone (mildbenone, 2) have been obtained and characterized by spectroscopic means. Both the compounds exhibited significant antioxidant and moderate lipoxygenase inhibitory activities. Compounds 1 and 2 showed potent antioxidant activity even stronger than the positive control. Among both the compounds, mildbone (1) was found to be potent in both the assays.
A Density Functional Theory Study of the Cu+ · O2 and Cu+ · N2 Adducts
Authors: Dawoud Jamal N. , Fasfous Ismail I. , Majdalawieh Amin F.
Published: February 2015

The geometries and harmonic vibration frequencies of the Cu+ ·O2 and Cu+ ·N2 are determined by various density functional theory (DFT) methods employing different basis sets. The potential energy surfaces (PES) are examined. The Cu+ ·O2 adduct exhibits a bent structure with a binding energy of 12.4 kcal mol−1, whereas Cu+ ·N2 exhibits a linear configuration with a binding energy of 23.5 kcal mol−1. The binding energy values for the two adducts agree well with the available published experimental and theoretical data and hence are reliable.
Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure, and Cytotoxicity of a 7-Coordinate Diorganotin(IV) Complex of 2-Acetylpyrazine N4-Methylthiosemicarbazone
Authors: Zhu Xian Feng , Zhang Li Zhi , Yang Min , Li Yan Ke , Li Ming Xue
Published: February 2015

The diorganotin(IV) complex [Ph2Sn(L)(CH3COO)] (1), where HL = 2-acetylpyrazine N4-methyl thiosemicarbazone, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 contains mononuclear neutral molecules composed of one N2S tridentate anionic thiosemicarbazone ligand, one acetato group, and one Ph2Sn(IV) group with a seven-coordinated tin atom. In vitro biological studies have indicated that complex 1 shows effective cytotoxicity with IC50 = 5.4 μM against the K562 leukaemia cell line.
Synthesis and Solid-state Structure of 2,2,2ʹ,2ʹ -(Tetrahydroxymethyl)- dibutylether (Di-TMP), an Environmentally Benign Polymer Crosslinker and High-potential Additive for Lubricants
Authors: Frey Guido D. , Dewhurst Rian D. , Herdtweck Eberhardt
Published: February 2015

The crystal structure of the industrially relevant tetrahydroxy ether 2,2,2ʹ,2ʹ-(tetrahydroxymethyl)-dibutylether (technically known as di(trimethylol)propane, Di-TMP; C12H26O5) was determined from single-crystal X-ray data at 123 K: monoclinic, space group C2/c (no. 15), a = 20.1202(13), b = 5.8169(4), c = 13.0323(8) Å, β = 114.296(3)°, V = 1390.17(16) Å3 and Z = 4. The adjacent molecules assemble into a two-dimensional framework in the solid state, linked by two intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds. The compound is characterized via spectroscopic methods and mass spectrometry.
High levels of chorionic gonadotrophin attenuate insulin sensitivity and promote inflammation in adipocytes
Authors: Ma Qinyun , Fan Jianxia , Wang Jiqiu , Yang Shuai , Cong Qing , Wang Rui , Lv Qianqian , Liu Ruixin , Ning Guang
Published: February 2015

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presents with moderate inflammation, insulin resistance and impaired glucose uptake, which may result from increased maternal fat mass and increased circulation of placental hormones and adipokines. In this study, we set out to test whether the surge in chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) secretion is a cause of inflammation and impaired insulin sensitivity in GDM. We first found that LH/chorionic gonadotrophin receptors (CG/LHR) were expressed at low levels in insulin-sensitive murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes and murine C2C12 myocytes. CG treatment not only directly reduced insulin-responsive gene expression, including that of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), but also impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, CG treatment increased the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) and upregulated nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Clinically, pregnant women who had higher CG levels and elevated MCP1 developed GDM. Above all, apart from prepregnancy BMI and MCP1 level, CG level was associated with abnormal glucose tolerance. In summary, our findings confirmed that higher CG levels in pregnancy possibly played a role in GDM development partly by impairing the functions of insulin, such those involved in as glucose uptake, while promoting inflammation in adipocyte.
Vulvovajinal kandidiyazis tanısına sendromik yaklaşım
Authors: Bengi Ayşen Mert , Mevsim Vildan , Yıldırım Ediz
Published: February 2015

Amaç: Vulvovajinal kandidiyazis tanısında, öykü ve jinekolojik bakı bulguları kullanılarak oluşturulacak olan sendromik tanı bileşenlerinin saptanmasıdır.Yöntem: Araştırma Dr. Ekrem Hayri Üstündağ Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Hastanesi jinekoloji, onkoloji ve aile planlaması polikliniklerine vajinal yakınmalarla başvuran 15-49 yaş arasında, dahil edilme ölçütlerine uygun 245 kadın hasta ile tamamlanmıştır. Bu araştırma metodolojik desende bir çalışmadır. Bir tanı aracı önerilmiştir. Tüm hastaların sosyo demografik özelliklerini ve yakınmalarını sorgulayan anket formu yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak doldurulmuş ve sonrasında hastaların jinekolojik bakısı yapılmıştır. Bakı sırasında laboratuvar tetkikleri için gerekli materyaller uygun yöntemlerle alınmıştır. Vulvovajinal kandidiyazis tanısında altın standart tanı yöntemi olarak Sabouraud Dekstrose Agar kültür tetkiki kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular, istatistiksel analizler için SPSS for Windows 16.0 ve Microsoft Office Excel 2003 programları kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı analizler (ortalama, yüzde ve standart sapma) ile ki-kare testi uygulanmıştır. p%65) test sonrası olasılık elde edilebilmektedir. En düşük +LR değerlerine sahip bir zayıf, bir orta ve bir kuvvetli ölçüt varlığında, zincirleme LR yöntemi kullanılarak hesaplanan test sonrası olasılık değeri ile tanıya %86,2 doğrulukla yaklaşılmaktadır.Sonuç: Hekimler, vajinal yakınmalar ile kendilerine başvuran kadınlarda, sendromik yaklaşımın indekslerini kullanarak (aldıkları tıbbi öykü ve yaptıkları jinekolojik bakı sonuçlarına göre) vulvovajinal kandidiyazis tanısını koyabilirler.
The Rabbinic Anti-Gospel in the Context of the Polemic between the Synagogue and the Church
Authors: Wróbel Mirosław S.
Published: February 2015

This article tries to find the answers to the following questions: Can one find, in the Rabbinic writings (the Tosefta, Jerusalem Talmud and Babylonian Talmud), some texts that refer to Jesus and His followers? What is their nature? Do they include anti-Christian undertones and constitute a specific Rabbinic anti-gospel: the rabbis’ well-thought and thorough reaction to the content included in the Gospels? The author in his answers used the detailed research presented in his latest monograph entitled Jesus and His Followers in the Talmud. A Textological, Historical and Sociological Analysis, Lublin 2013. His investigation leads him to the conclusion that in Talmudic narratives Rabbis created a specific anti-gospel which was initially transmitted verbally and then written down in various contexts of their works. The aim of this anti-gospel is to challenge the authority of Jesus of Nazareth as the Son of God and the Messiah from the house of David. Rabbinic narratives wish to show in a clear way that Jesus must not usurp any messianic and divine prerogatives. In the earlier times rabbis warned Jewish community against magic power and the attractiveness of the doctrine advocated by heretics. Subsequent rabbis showed the weakness and stupidity of heretical teaching, whose contradictions and lack of logic were easy to disprove by making use of proper argumentation. Jewish sages wished to prove the superiority of the Rabbinic doctrine and the biblical presentation they offered, over the Christian faith.
A Semiotic Interpretation of Pope John Paul II’s Pilgrimage to Israel on 21–26 March 2000
Authors: Klauza Karol
Published: February 2015

Contemporary social discourse utilizes scientific criteria to analyze events, texts and people’s behaviour from the point of view of their power and impact on historical transformations. Printed and audio-visual materialregarding John Paul II’s pilgrimage to the Middle East in the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000 were published and made public during his visit and shortly afterwards. In retrospect, this event allows for a well-balanced semiotic analysis focusing on the intentional selection of places visited by the Holy Father, his rhetoric used both in official and private speeches, the symbolism of his gestures and overall behaviour, especially in their religious and cultural context, as well as on the presence of signs and symbols in the whole conception of the pilgrimage project. This paper attempts to synthesize these elements which result from an earlier interdisciplinary analysis, taking into consideration the different perspectives be it historical, socio-religious (referring to three monotheist religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam), rhetorical and aesthetic. In this case, semiotics provides a framework to analyze and justify the contribution of the mentioned pilgrimage in a broad context of a redeeming Church in the early 21st century.
Der christlich-jüdische Dialog im polnischen Kontext
Authors: Biel Robert
Published: February 2015

For centuries Poland was a country where Jews willingly settled. In the first years of XX century, Jews made up a large percentage of Poland’s inhabitants. But when the Second World War broke out the extermination of Jews threw a shadow upon the relations between Jews and Christians in Poland. Communism by no means favored a mutual reconciliation. In free Poland, it is however necessary to make the most of this common historical heritage as a foundation for a Christian – Jewish dialogue which opens up new perspectives.
Between Objectivity and Openness—The Mediality of Data for Journalism
Authors: Lesage Frédérik , Hackett Robert A.
Published: February 2015

A number of recent high profile news events have emphasised the importance of data as a journalistic resource. But with no definitive definition for what constitutes data in journalism, it is difficult to determine what the implications of collecting, analysing, and disseminating data are for journalism, particularly in terms of objectivity in journalism. Drawing selectively from theories of mediation and research in journalism studies we critically examine how data is incorporated into journalistic practice. In the first half of the paper, we argue that data's value for journalism is constructed through mediatic dimensions that unevenly evoke different socio-technical contexts including scientific research and computing. We develop three key dimensions related to data's mediality within journalism: the problem of scale, transparency work, and the provision of access to data as 'openness'. Having developed this first approach, we turn to a journalism studies perspective of journalism's longstanding "regime of objectivity", a regime that encompasses interacting news production practices, epistemological assumptions, and institutional arrangements, in order to consider how data is incorporated into journalism's own established procedures for producing objectivity. At first sight, working with data promises to challenge the regime, in part by taking a more conventionalist or interpretivist epistemological position with regard to the representation of truth. However, we argue that how journalists and other actors choose to work with data may in some ways deepen the regime's epistemological stance. We conclude by outlining a set of questions for future research into the relationship between data, objectivity and journalism.
Predicting Social Networking Site Use and Online Communication Practices among Adolescents: The Role of Access and Device Ownership
Authors: Cingel Drew P. , Lauricella Alexis R. , Wartella Ellen , Conway Annie
Published: February 2015

Given adolescents' heavy social media use, this study examined a number of predictors of adolescent social media use, as well as predictors of online communication practices. Using data collected from a national sample of 467 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17, results indicate that demographics, technology access, and technology ownership are related to social media use and communication practices. Specifically, females log onto and use more constructive com-munication practices on Facebook compared to males. Additionally, adolescents who own smartphones engage in more constructive online communication practices than those who share regular cell phones or those who do not have access to a cell phone. Overall, results imply that ownership of mobile technologies, such as smartphones and iPads, may be more predictive of social networking site use and online communication practices than general ownership of technology.
Towards a Genuine Economic and Monetary Union—Comments on a Roadmap
Authors: Belke Ansgar
Published: February 2015

The Van Rompuy Report and also additional proposals made by the European Commission outlined steps for a 'genuine Economic and Monetary Union'. This article explains, assesses and comments on the proposals made. Moreover, it outlines what could be recommendations in order to achieve a 'genuine Economic and Monetary Union'. For this purpose, details of the Interim Report are systematically evaluated. We also deal with different governance visions emerging from the ongoing euro area crisis and starts from different views of the 'North and the South' of the euro area on this issue. This contribution argues that there is an alternative option to the notion of cooperative fiscal federalism involving fiscal union, bailouts and debt mutualisation: competition-based fiscal federalism accompanied by a properly defined banking union. In order to be a successful one, any deal will have to come up with a successful recipe of how to (re-)create trust between European citizens and their elected governments.
Campaign Duration and Election Outcomes
Authors: Panagopoulos Costas
Published: February 2015

Does campaign duration affect election outcomes? To date, this question has largely evaded political scientists, but it is reasonable to expect systematic links between campaign length and candidate performance in elections. We hypothesize that longer campaigns would help challengers' electoral fortunes, thereby curbing incumbency advantage and potentially boosting competitiveness in elections. Using two data sources, aggregate data from U.S. House elections between 1994 and 2006 and ANES survey data from the 2002 election cycle, we find little evidence to support contentions that campaign length affects election outcomes or candidate familiarity. The results we report suggest the political consequences, intended or not, to choices about election timing are likely minimal.
Patching vs Packaging in Policy Formulation: Assessing Policy Portfolio Design
Authors: Howlett Michael , Rayner Jeremy
Published: February 2015

Thinking about policy mixes is at the forefront of current research work in the policy sciences and raises many significant questions with respect to policy tools and instruments, processes of policy formulation, and the evolution of tool choices over time. Not least among these is how to assess the potential for multiple policy tools to achieve policy goals in an efficient and effective way. Previous conceptual work on policy mixes has highlighted evaluative criteria such as "consistency" (the ability of multiple policy tools to reinforce rather than undermine each other in the pursuit of individual policy goals), "coherence" (or the ability of multiple policy goals to co-exist with each other in a logical fashion), and "congruence" (or the ability of multiple goals and instruments to work together in a uni-directional or mutually supportive fashion) as important design principles and measures of optimality in policy mixes. And previous empirical work on the evolution of existing policy mixes has highlighted how these three criteria are often lacking in mixes which have evolved over time as well as those which have otherwise been consciously designed. This article revisits this early design work in order to more clearly assess the reasons why many existing policy mixes are sub-optimal and the consequences this has for thinking about policy formulation processes and the practices of policy design.
In Search for Four Roads to Regionalism
Authors: Kokstaite Monika
Published: February 2015

Book Review: Roads to Regionalism: Genesis, Design, and Effects of Regional Organizations. By Tanja A. Börzel, Lukas Goltermann, Mathis Lohaus and Kai Striebinger (Eds.). Burlington, UK: Ashgate, 2012, 294 pp.; ISBN: 978-1-4094-3464-1.
Challenging Racist Violence and Racist Hostility in 'Post-Racial' Times: Research and Action in Leeds, UK, 2006–2012
Authors: Law Ian , Simms Jenny , Sirriyeh Ala
Published: February 2015

Despite increasing understanding of, information about and official commitment to challenge these patterns, racist hostility and violence continue to have an enduring presence in urban and rural life in the UK. This indicates the paradoxical nature of this racial crisis and challenges for antiracism as a political project. This paper charts how these issues play out at the local level through an examination of a five year process from problem identification through to research, response, action and aftermath from 2006 to 2012 in the city of Leeds, UK, with a focus on two predominantly white working class social housing estates in the city. We explore how embedded tensions and antagonisms can begin to be challenged, while examining how the contemporary climate of austerity and cuts in services, together with prevailing post-racial thinking, make the likelihood of such concerted action in the UK increasingly remote.
Disability and Health: A Research Agenda
Authors: Mannan Hasheem , MacLachlan Malcolm
Published: February 2015

Disability is not a 'health problem'; however some people with disabilities do have increased health needs, and all people with disabilities have the same right to access health services as others. The number of people living with disabilities is increasing, due partly to increasing numbers of people living with the consequences of chronic communicable and non-communicable diseases. Based on recommendations of the World Report on Disability, which provides the parameters for research, this paper sets out a research agenda calling for a considerable research programme on social, civil, and economic impacts of living with disability, arising from whatever cause, including communicable and non-communicable diseases; significant global health policy revisions; identification of constraints and facilitators in access to healthcare for people with disabilities; development of a robust evidence base for implementing the new guidelines on community-based rehabilitation; innovations in addressing human resource challenges faced by disability and rehabilitation service-providers; development of enabling technologies that focus on individuals' aspirations and social gain; preparedness for responding to the needs of people with disabilities in disaster situations; and the application of disability metrics to strengthen health systems.
Social Justice and Lower Attainers in a Global Knowledge Economy
Authors: Tomlinson Sally
Published: February 2015

National governments believe that higher levels of educational attainments and training are necessary for successful competition in knowledge-driven economies and all young people are urged to invest in their own human capital and learn new skills. Moves towards inclusive education have brought into mainstream schools and colleges many who would formerly have been segregated in special schooling or otherwise given minimum education, joining those simply regarded as lower attainers. More research is needed on what is happening to all these young people who do not do well in competitive education systems and uncertain job markets. This article is taken from a study which set out to discuss with school and college principals, local administrators, teachers and others, who they regard as lower attainers, what sort of education and training programmes are offered to the students, and what policies they think are in place to help young people into work or independent living. Discussions were held with respondents in England, Germany, the USA, Finland and Malta. The article takes Rawls' view that social injustice is mainly due to the inequitable distribution of economic and social resources and the State has a responsibility to ensure that all young people can participate in the economy and the society.
(Mis)Reading Muslims and Multiculturalism
Authors: Kivisto Peter
Published: February 2015

This paper offers a review and conceptual reflection on fears about the Muslim pres ence and lack of inclusion into Western European societies and the core features of criticisms of multiculturalism. It does so by first addressing the misreadings of Islam and multiculturalism in influential works by Christopher Caldwell and Paul Scheffer. It then addresses the main points of their critiques by examining the role of the state in Muslim incorporation, framing multicultur alism theoretically in terms of claims-making, and offering evidence of the ways in which Muslim claims-making has occurred.
Navigating Ethnic Stigmatisation in the Educational Setting: Coping Strategies of Young Immigrants and Descendants of Immigrants in Norway
Authors: Fangen Katrine , Lynnebakke Brit
Published: February 2015

Tolerance and equality are widespread norms in the official policy of many European countries. The educational system is an arena which even more than others is meant to foster equal opportunities by giving individuals the opportunity to strive for social mobility through their educational performance. Despite this, young people from ethnic minority backgrounds experience different forms of stigmatization in school and higher education, ranging from feeling marked as different to experiencing more explicit racism. This article analyses young people’s coping strategies in order to combat or avoid such stigmatization. We will analyse the possible reasons why young people choose a particular strategy in a given situation, how successful that choice is, and changes in their choice of strategies over time. We will discuss how earlier experiences of support, encouragement and respect (or the lack thereof) inform the extent to which young people choose more approaching than avoiding strategies as a response to perceived ethnic stigmatisation in the educational setting. The empirical basis of the article is a sample of 50 biographical interviews with young people of ethnic minority backgrounds living in Norway.
Tracing the Arc: The Shifting Conceptualizations of Educational “Disadvantage” and “Diversity” at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
Authors: Grant Carl A. , Allweiss Alexandra
Published: February 2015

This article calls attention to the shifting conceptualizations of belonging and inclusion at universities in the U.S. through shifting framings of “educational disadvantage” and “diversity”. Historically these concepts have been used in various and shifting ways to think about the “Other” and to determine the lines of inclusion and exclusion to access to higher education spaces. This article uses a leading public university, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, as a historical case study to examine the ways the university has responded to those who have historically been excluded from public higher education spaces and the ways inclusion has been expanded and redefined through struggle. This case study is an invitation to carefully consider the current discourses and policy debates about university “diversity” efforts and the inclusion of “disadvantaged” students. We raise questions about what inclusion means.
“More Than a Game”: The Impact of Sport-Based Youth Mentoring Schemes on Developing Resilience toward Violent Extremism
Authors: Johns Amelia , Grossman Michele , McDonald Kevin
Published: February 2015

This paper draws upon the findings of an evaluation of “More than a Game”, a sport-focused youth mentoring program in Melbourne, Australia that aimed to develop a community-based resilience model using team-based sports to address issues of identity, belonging, and cultural isolation amongst young Muslim men in order to counter forms of violent extremism. In this essay we focus specifically on whether the intense embodied encounters and emotions experienced in team sports can help break down barriers of cultural and religious difference between young people and facilitate experiences of resilience, mutual respect, trust, social inclusion and belonging. Whilst the project findings are directly relevant to the domain of countering violent extremism, they also contribute to a growing body of literature which considers the relationship between team-based sport, cross-cultural engagement and the development of social resilience, inclusion and belonging in other domains of youth engagement and community-building.
Meanings and Motives before Measures: The ‘What’ and ‘Why’ of Diversity within the Mossos d’Esquadra and the Politie Utrecht
Authors: Van Ewijk Anne R.
Published: February 2015

This article proposes the definition of and motivation for diversity (policy) as an important research topic that should be studied before focusing on diversity policy measures. As such, it strives to demonstrate the academic potential of an analytical framework that outlines fundamental choices made in these respects. What types of diversity do organizations focus on? And what do they want to achieve with (increased) diversity? In this article the discourses underlying the diversity policies in two regional European police forces—the Mossos d’Esquadra and the Politie Utrecht—are analyzed. The main observation is that the results are surprisingly similar in spite of contextual factors that may lead observers to expect otherwise: they both focus on gender and migrant background, identifying these types of diversity as collective in nature, while striving for equal opportunities for individuals despite these collective differences. This article also explores possibilities for further theory building by formulating possible explanations for the similarities and differences which have been identified, suggesting a possible hierarchy in diversity within European organizations, and describing how the motivation for diversity might influence the effectiveness of diversity policies.
Aboriginal Agency and Marginalisation in Australian Society
Authors: Moore Terry
Published: February 2015

It is often argued that while state rhetoric may be inclusionary, policies and practices may be exclusionary. This can imply that the power to include rests only with the state. In some ways, the implication is valid in respect of Aboriginal Australians. For instance, the Australian state has gained control of Aboriginal inclusion via a singular, bounded category and Aboriginal ideal type. However, the implication is also limited in their respect. Aborigines are abject but also agents in their relationship with the wider society. Their politics contributes to the construction of the very category and type that governs them, and presses individuals to resist state inclusionary efforts. Aboriginal political elites police the performance of an Aboriginality dominated by notions of difference and resistance. The combined processes of governance act to deny Aborigines the potential of being both Aboriginal and Australian, being different and belonging. They maintain Aborigines’ marginality.
Proper Methodology and Methods of Collecting and Analyzing Slavery Data: An Examination of the Global Slavery Index
Authors: Guth Andrew , Anderson Robyn , Kinnard Kasey , Tran Hang
Published: February 2015

The Global Slavery Index aims to, among other objectives, recognize the forms, size, and scope of slavery worldwide as well as the strengths and weaknesses of individual countries. An analysis of the Index’s methods exposes significant and critical weaknesses and raises questions into its replicability and validity. The Index may prove more valuable in the future if proper methods are implemented, but the longer improper methods are used the more damage is done to the public policy debate on slavery by advancing data and policy that is not based on sound methodology. To implement proper methods, a committee of sophisticated methodologists needs to develop measurement tools and constantly analyze and refine these methods over the years as data is collected.
Emerging Frontiers: Collaboration
Authors: Spath Jeff
Published: February 2015

President's column

One of the personal objectives I took as president was to increase the extent in which SPE collaborates with other professional societies and other industries. This is important for two reasons. First, I think we all will agree that meeting the world’s increasing energy demand is becoming more challenging. Reservoirs are becoming more difficult to find and produce. They are generally smaller, more complex, and exist in increasingly challenging environments, whether in the Arctic, beneath 10,000 ft of water, or at very high pressures and temperatures. We need all the help we can get from experts in other domains, other industries, and nascent technologies being developed for different uses.

Second, project costs are increasing at a much higher rate than new production; it is taking more technology, effort, and capital expenditure (Capex) to produce another barrel of oil and another thousand cubic feet of gas. Over the past 10 years, exploration and production (E&P) Capex spend has grown approximately by 400% while global oil production is up by only 15%. In just the past 3 years, the upstream E&P industry has spent on average USD 600 billion per year, and the only part of the oil production base that has grown significantly is the liquids production from North American unconventional resource plays (Kibsgaard 2014).

The relatively easy oil - the first trillion barrels or so we have already produced - has been developed and the next trillion will be much more costly and require more sophisticated, integrated technologies and processes. This is why we must reach out to other industries and societies to identify new processes, different ideas, and innovative technologies.
Improving the stoichiometry of RF-sputtered amorphous alumina thin films by thermal annealing
Authors: Olarinoye Oyeleke , Ogundare Folorunso
Published: February 2015

High quality alumina thin films were deposited on glass substrate by reactive radio-frequency sputtering. The deposition process and rate were controlled by radio-frequency power and reactive gas (oxygen) flow rate. The relationships between O/Al ratio contents and the structural, electrical resistivity and optical parameters of the films were investigated. The O/Al of the films varied with change in oxygen flow ratio, power density and post deposition annealing. The structure and phase of the films were unaltered as the deposition parameters and post deposition annealing up to 573 K were varied. O/Al of 1.5 was obtained at oxygen flow ratio of 11%, radio-frequency power of 250 W and post deposition annealing of 573 K. The sheet resistance of the films were all very high but the same within experimental uncertainties. The optical parameters (transmittance, refractive index and extinction coefficient) of the films varied considerably and depended on the films' stoichiometry.
Techno-Economic Evaluation of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil—A Case Study of Hong Kong
Authors: Karmee Sanjib , Patria Raffel , Lin Carol
Published: February 2015

Fossil fuel shortage is a major challenge worldwide. Therefore, research is currently underway to investigate potential renewable energy sources. Biodiesel is one of the major renewable energy sources that can be obtained from oils and fats by transesterification. However, biodiesel obtained from vegetable oils as feedstock is expensive. Thus, an alternative and inexpensive feedstock such as waste cooking oil (WCO) can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. In this project, techno-economic analyses were performed on the biodiesel production in Hong Kong using WCO as a feedstock. Three different catalysts such as acid, base, and lipase were evaluated for the biodiesel production from WCO. These economic analyses were then compared to determine the most cost-effective method for the biodiesel production. The internal rate of return (IRR) sensitivity analyses on the WCO price and biodiesel price variation are performed. Acid was found to be the most cost-effective catalyst for the biodiesel production; whereas, lipase was the most expensive catalyst for biodiesel production. In the IRR sensitivity analyses, the acid catalyst can also acquire acceptable IRR despite the variation of the WCO and biodiesel prices.
Introduction
Authors: Bonnamour Jacqueline
Published: February 2015

Résumé. -La séance est centrée sur les problèmes fonciers. Trois études départementales montrent l'importance d'une approche multiscalaire de ces problèmes. Deux études au niveau national situent les exemples dans un contexte géographique et politique plus large.
L'organisation de l'espace dans la région septentrionale de l'Epire antique (Spatial organization in the northern part of the ancient Epirus)
Authors: Cabanes Pierre
Published: February 2015

Résumé. - L'organisation politique de l'Epire antique repose sur la notion d'Ethnos, nom officiel de l'Etat, par opposition à la polis grecque classique. Dans la région septentrionale (Albanie du Sud), aujourd'hui bien connue, la Chaonie semble s'être organisée autour de deux bassins (vallées du Drino et de la Bistrica), qui constituent deux entités géographiques dont les centres antiques, Antigoneia et Phoiniké, sont entourés de forteresses protégeant le terroir agricole (la chôra) comme dans une polis classique. Ce type d'organisation de l'espace se retrouve plus au Nord, à Amantia, Byllis et, semble-t-il, en Illyrie. Le cadre géographique paraît avoir conduit l'Ethnos à adopter une organisation très proche de celle de la polis.
Connaissance géographique et exploitation rurale de la chôra cyrénéenne pendant l'Antiquité classique (Land-use in the chora of Cyrene - Libya - in ancient times)
Authors: Laronde André
Published: February 2015

Résumé. - Les auteurs anciens ont été sensibles à des différences dans le paysage que présentait la chôra cyrénéenne. Elles traduisaient des modes de mise en valeur du sol différents. Il reste possible de retrouver dans le paysage les traces de cette mise en valeur, qui dénote une complémentarité des terroirs, et une science agronomique certaine de la part des Cyrénéens.
Le Létôon de Xanthos en Lycie (Turquie). La lutte d'un sanctuaire contre l'évolution du milieu naturel (The Letôon of Xanthos, in Lycia. The struggle of a sanctuary against the evolution of its environment)
Authors: Le Roy Christian
Published: February 2015

Abstract. - The Letôon of Xanthos was a sanctuary settled in an alluvial plain, near the sea. The history of this place has been caracterized by an increasing fluvial sedimentation, and by the arising of the water-table in the alluvial fill. This paper deals about the struggle led by the sanctuary against the degradation of its environment from the VII-VIth centuries B.C. to the VIth century A.D., when it has been left.