bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ferrocenyl P,S‐Ligands for Highly Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Han Fu‐Zhong , Yu Sai‐Bo , Zhang Cheng , Hu Xiang‐Ping
Published: September 2016

with various electron‐deficient olefins giving pyrrole‐type cycloadducts in high endo‐selectivities and excellent enantioselectivities
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Organozinc Reagents to Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by a Camphor Derived Chiral γ‐Amino Thiol Ligand.
Authors: Wu Hsyueh‐Liang , Wu Ping‐Yu , Cheng Ying‐Ni , Uang Biing‐Jiun
Published: September 2016

The CDAT‐catalyzed enantioselective addition of dialkylzinc to aldehydes (I) and ketoesters (X) leads to corresponding alcohols (III) and (XII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomatizing Difunctionalization of Indoles and Benzofurans.
Authors: Ramella Vincenzo , He Zhiheng , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido
Published: September 2016

A Pd‐catalyzed coupling of benzofurans or indoles having a carboxylic or hydroxyalkyl side chain at C‐2 with arylboronic acids results in concomitant dearomatizing cyclization to produce syn‐lactone derivatives or analogous cyclic ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Transition Bimetal—Organic Frameworks: Recyclable Catalyst for the Oxidative Coupling of Primary Amines to Imines at Mild Conditions.
Authors: Ge Danhua , Qu Genlong , Li Xinming , Geng Kaiming , Cao Xueqin , Gu Hongwei
Published: September 2016

A new and simple heterogeneous catalyst for promoting the oxidative coupling of benzylamines to the corresponding imines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Striking Difference Between Succinimidomethyl and Phthalimidomethyl Radicals in Conjugate Addition to Alkylidenemalonate Initiated by Dimethylzinc.
Authors: Yamada Ken‐ichi , Matsumoto Yusuke , Fujii Shintaro , Konishi Takehito , Yamaoka Yousuke , Takasu Kiyosei
Published: September 2016

Whereas succinimidomethyl radicals undergo monoaddition onto aryl or alkyl substituted alkylidenemalonates, phthalimidomethyl radicals form a mixture of products resulting from mono and double addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalysis with CO2: The Direct α‐Allylation of Ketones.
Authors: Pupo Gabriele , Properzi Roberta , List Benjamin
Published: September 2016

For the first time, a direct and highly enantioselective Tsuji—Trost allylation of branched ketones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Azole Hemiaminal Esters by Lewis Base Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Piotrowski David W. , Kamlet Adam S. , Dechert‐Schmitt Anne‐Marie R. , Yan Jiangli , Brandt Thomas A. , Xiao Jun , Wei Liuqing , Barrila Mark T.
Published: September 2016

A modular three‐component dynamic kinetic resolution which affords enantiomerically enriched hemiaminal esters derived from azoles and aldehydes is used to synthesize valuable substituted azoles in a regioselective manner by capping of the equilibrating azole‐aldehyde adduct.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Intermolecular Enamide—Aldehyde Cross‐Coupling Catalyzed by Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: Wu Jicheng , Zhao Changgui , Wang Jian
Published: September 2016

An unprecedented N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed intermolecular cross‐coupling of electron‐rich enamides and aromatic aldehydes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Promoted, Boron‐Mediated Chemoselective Carboxylic Acid Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Nagai Hideoki , Morita Yuya , Shimizu Yohei , Kanai Motomu
Published: September 2016

The first carboxylic acid selective aldol reaction mediated by boron compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Stereospecific Synthesis of Allenes from Propargylic Benzoates and Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Ruchti Jonathan , Carreira Erick M.
Published: September 2016

The first example of a rhodium catalyzed synthesis of optically active trisubstituted allenes from propargylic alcohol derivatives and arylboronic acid is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, Stable and Reusable Palladium Nanocatalyst: Chemoselective Reduction of Aldehydes with Molecular Hydrogen in Water.
Authors: Kotha Surya Srinivas , Sharma Nidhi , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: September 2016

Pd‐nanoparticles stabilized by a binaphthyl‐backbone are used for the chemoselective reduction of aldehydes to give the corresponding benzylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Mediated Cyclization Reaction of 2‐(5‐Hydroxy‐1‐pentynyl)benzonitriles to 4‐Amino‐2,3‐dihydronaphtho[2,3‐b]furanes and Synthesis of Furanonaphthoquinones.
Authors: Tsai Chih‐Jyun , Chen Chin‐Chau , Tsai Chih‐Wei , Wu Ming‐Jung
Published: September 2016

A three‐step synthesis of furanonaphthoquinones is described consisting of the title cyclization and subsequent oxidation of the products followed by dehydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic Reaction of Diazo Compounds with Aldehydes.
Authors: Rybicka‐Jasinska K. , Ciszewski L. W. , Gryko D.
Published: September 2016

Photocatalytic reactions of diazoacetates with various aldehydes in the presence of a dual catalytic system lead to α‐alkylated carbonyl compounds instead of the expected cyclopropane derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Phthalocyanine‐Chloride‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Sulfones from Sulfonylhydrazones.
Authors: Zhao Jun‐Long , Guo Shi‐Huan , Qiu Jun , Gou Xiao‐Feng , Hua Cheng‐Wen , Chen Bang
Published: September 2016

The decomposition of tosylhydrazones in the presence of a Fe(III)phthalocyanine catalyst affords the corresponding sulfones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Monosubstituted Thioureas by Vapour Digestion and Mechanochemical Amination of Thiocarbamoyl Benzotriazoles.
Authors: Dud Mateja , Magdysyuk Oxana V. , Margetic Davor , Strukil Vjekoslav
Published: September 2016

Highly deactivated anilines, such as 4‐nitro and 4‐cyano are not applicable as substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Activated Aryl Halides Using New CpNiBr(NHC) Complexes.
Authors: Malan Frederick P. , Singleton Eric , van Rooyen Petrus H. , Landman Marile
Published: September 2016

Nine new Ni(II)‐NHC complexes are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: C60‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Arylation of Benzene with Aryl Iodides in Air.
Authors: Kwok Tsz Yiu , Sonnenschein Christoph , To Ching Tat , Liu Jianwen , Chan Kin Shing
Published: September 2016

The reactions proceed by in situ formation of C60(OH)2·‐ which reduces the aryl iodides to the corresponding aryl radicals which in turn arylate benzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Polyaromatic Bisarylethynes Using a Diborylethyne Synthon.
Authors: Jung Daero , Kang Youn Kyung
Published: September 2016

Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions between aryl halides and a diborylethylene synthon are adapted for the synthesis of polyaromatic bisarylethynes in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Ring‐Fused Spiroannulated 1,2,3‐Thiadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Zeng Xue‐Mei , Xie Jian‐Wu
Published: September 2016

The domino reaction between thioamides and azodicarboxylates provides the products in high yields and with high enantiomeric excesses.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Development of a Three‐Component Oxidopyrylium [5 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: D'Erasmo Michael P. , Meck Christine , Lewis Chad A. , Murelli Ryan P.
Published: September 2016

α‐Hydroxy‐γ‐pyrone‐derived oxidopyrilium dimers react with alcohols to form oxidopyrilium species which undergo cycloaddition reactions with various terminal or internal alkynes, thus delivering oxabicyco[3.2.1]octanes in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Pyridinium Phosphoramide as a Dual Broensted Acid Catalyst for Enantioselective Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Nishikawa Yasuhiro , Nakano Saki , Tahira Yuu , Terazawa Kanako , Yamazaki Ken , Kitamura Chitoshi , Hara Osamu
Published: September 2016

The title catalysts are applied in the highly enantioselective Diels—Alder reaction between 1‐amino dienes with maleimides or benzoquinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Domino Indole Fluorination/Allenic Aza‐Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Cembellin Sara , Martinez del Campo Teresa , Munoz Alejandro
Published: September 2016

The reaction of N‐allenylmethylated indoles and Selectfluor provides 2‐allenylmethyl‐3,3‐difluoroindolines within short reaction times which can be further converted to pyridoindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of 2‐Arylimidazolones via Cascade Reaction Between Arynes and α,α′‐Disubstituted α‐Isocyanoacetamides.
Authors: Gesu Alessandro , Pozzoli Claudio , Torre Enza , Aprile Silvio , Pirali Tracey
Published: September 2016

The reaction tolerates diversely functionalized isocyanoacetamides.
ChemInform Abstract: N2‐Selective Iodofunctionalization of Olefins with NH‐1,2,3‐Triazoles to Provide N2‐Alkyl‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Zhu Li‐Li , Xu Xiao‐Qi , Shi Jin‐Wei , Chen Bai‐Ling , Chen Zili
Published: September 2016

The reaction tolerates a wide range of substituents and functional groups, and proceeds with excellent selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Stable and Versatile Heterobifunctional Fluoroalkylation Reagent for Preparation of Fluorinated Organic Compounds.
Authors: Dai Jingwen , Li Zili , Wang Taisheng , Bai Ruke
Published: September 2016

A dipolar cycloaddition of the newly prepared, highly stable fluoroalkylation reagent (II) with terminal alkynes affords 1‐(chlorofluoroiodoethyl)‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Quinolones: N,O‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide‐Mediated Cyclization with Cleavage of Aromatic C—O Bond.
Authors: Pisa Ondrej , Radl Stanislav
Published: September 2016

BSA‐mediated cyclization of 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)arylaminopropenones efficiently produces 1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquinoline derivatives via cleavage of the aromatic C‐O bond and loss of the 2‐methoxy substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidative Cascade Cyclization of Isocyanides with Thiols: A New Pathway for Constructing 6‐Aryl(alkyl)thiophenanthridines.
Authors: Yang Ziqi , Song Xiangyang , Wei Zhonglin , Cao Jungang , Liang Dapeng , Duan Haifeng , Lin Yingjie
Published: September 2016

The title reaction tolerates various substituents in both partners and is proposed to proceed through a free radical mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinazolines and Dihydroquinazolines: o‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid Mediated Tandem Reaction of o‐Aminobenzylamine with Aldehydes.
Authors: Hati Santanu , Sen Subhabrata
Published: September 2016

By simply altering the amount of the IBX reagent, either quinazolines or 3,4‐dihydroquinazolines are accessible in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiazolo[5,4‐d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidines as a New Class of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Moradi Hassanali , Eshghi Hossein , Bakavoli Mehdi
Published: September 2016

An efficient synthetic pathway for the formation of derivatives of the novel title heterocyclic system (IX), potential templates in drug discovery, is given.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Multi‐Component Synthesis of N‐1‐Alkylated 5‐Nitrouracils from α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Harris Craig S. , et al.
Published: September 2016

An efficient multi‐component reaction is developed for the synthesis of the key precursors (VI) with quaternary C‐center at N‐1, which undergo base mediated cyclization to form the title uracil derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Purine Nucleobase‐Substituted Acrylates with Rhodium Diphosphine Complexes: Access to Tenofovir Analogues.
Authors: Sun Huan‐Li , Chen Fei , Xie Ming‐Sheng , Guo Hai‐Ming , Qu Gui‐Rong , He Yan‐Mei , Fan Qing‐Hua
Published: September 2016

Various mono‐ and disubstituted acrylates are conveniently hydrogenated under very mild reaction conditions with good to excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Cycloamination of α‐Csp3—H Bond of N‐Aryl Ketimines with Azides: Access to Quinoxalines.
Authors: Chen Tengfei , Chen Xun , Wei Jun , Lin Dongen , Xie Ying , Zeng Wei
Published: September 2016

Starting from variously functionalized alkylaryl as well as alkylhetaryl substituted N‐aryl ketoimines the efficient protocol offers access to 2‐substituted as well as 2,3‐disubstituted quinoxalines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Azepane Derivatives by Silyl‐Aza‐Prins Cyclization of Allylsilyl Amines: Influence of the Catalyst in the Outcome of the Reaction.
Authors: Barbero Asuncion , Diez‐Varga Alberto , Pulido Francisco J. , Gonzalez‐Ortega Alfonso
Published: September 2016

The title reaction between allylsilyl amines and aryl or alkenyl aldehydes proceeds in high yields and with high selectivity toward the 2,7‐trans‐azepane.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of Carbene Coupling and Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Type Olefination: Access Toward Enynes.
Authors: Zhou Yujing , Ye Fei , Zhou Qi , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: September 2016

The efficient one‐pot three component reaction between aryl αdiazophosphonates, (triisopropylsilyl)acetylene and aryl, hetaryl, alkenyl or alkyl aldehydes proceeds with high to excellent (Z)‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Pd‐Catalyzed Arylation of 1‐Amidosugars: A New Route to N‐Glycosyl Quinolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Luong Thi Thanh Huyen , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Lescop Ewen , Alami Mouad , Messaoudi Samir
Published: September 2016

Coupling of acrylic acids (I) with 1‐aminosugars such as (II) provides 1‐amidosugars, which are immediately subjected to Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization to form N‐glycosyl quinolinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution‐Processed Two‐Dimensional MoS2 Nanosheets: Preparation, Hybridization, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Lai Zhuangchai , Tan Chaoliang , Zhang Hua
Published: September 2016

Review: [83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Materials for Capacitive Energy Storage.
Authors: Mendoza‐Sanchez Beatriz , Gogotsi Yury
Published: September 2016

Review: [186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Directing‐Group‐Assisted Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Direct Intermolecular C—H Amidation and Amination of Arenes
Authors: Zhou Yirong , Yuan Jianjun , Yang Qin , Xiao Qiang , Peng Yiyuan
Published: September 2016

Review: [53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Combination of Organotrifluoroborates with Photoredox Catalysis Marking a New Phase in Organic Radical Chemistry
Authors: Koike Takashi , Akita Munetaka
Published: September 2016

Review: [18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Xanthate Route to Organofluorine Derivatives. A Brief Account
Authors: Zard Samir Z.
Published: September 2016

Review: [77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions and Synthesis of Quinones
Authors: Hosamani Basavaprabhu , Ribeiro Matheus F. , da Silva Eufranio N. Jr. da Silva Eufranio N. Jr. , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: September 2016

Review: [75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Modification of 7H‐Dibenzo[de,h]quinolin‐7‐ones (Microreview)
Authors: Vasilevsky Sergei F. , Stepanov Aleksandr A.
Published: September 2016

Review: [18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent‐Iodine(III)‐Mediated Oxidative Methodology for the Synthesis of Fused Triazoles
Authors: Kamal Raj , Kumar Vipan , Kumar Ravinder
Published: September 2016

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Group‐1B‐metal‐catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrroles
Authors: Zhou Ni‐Ni , Zhu Hai‐Tao , Yang De‐Suo , Guan Zheng‐Hui
Published: September 2016

Review: [52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Late Stage Trifluoromethylthiolation Strategies for Organic Compounds
Authors: Barata‐Vallejo Sebastian , Bonesi Sergio , Postigo Al
Published: September 2016

Review: [117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Orthogonal Protecting Group Strategies in Carbohydrate Chemistry
Authors: Agoston Karoly , Streicher Hansjoerg , Fuegedi Peter
Published: September 2016

Review: [88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Overview of the Recent Synthetic Studies Toward Penifulvins and Other Fenestranes
Authors: Das Dipendu , Chakraborty Tushar Kanti
Published: September 2016

Review: [84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Molecular Transformation of Amidines for Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Chiba Shunsuke
Published: September 2016

Review: [26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Acyclic All‐Carbon Tetrasubstituted Alkenes
Authors: Polak Peter , Vanova Hana , Dvorak Dalimil , Tobrman Tomas
Published: September 2016

Review: [52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Aptamer‐Based Functional Probes for Bioanalysis and Biomedicine
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zhou Leiji , Zhu Zhi , Yang Chaoyong
Published: September 2016

Review: [130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene Layer Encapsulated Metal Nanoparticles as a New Type of Non‐precious Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Hu Yang , Zhong Lijie , Jensen Jens Oluf , Li Qingfeng
Published: September 2016

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Materials for Beyond‐Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Peng Lele , Zhu Yue , Chen Dahong , Ruoff Rodney S. , Yu Guihua
Published: September 2016

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Protons and Hydroxide Ions in Aqueous Systems
Authors: Agmon Noam , Bakker Huib J. , Campen R. Kramer , Henchman Richard H. , Pohl Peter , Roke Sylvie , Thamer Martin , Hassanali Ali
Published: September 2016

Review: 253 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanism of Catalytic Carbon Gasification
Authors: Lobo Luis Sousa , Carabineiro Sonia A. C.
Published: September 2016

Review: 105 refs.
Structural Basis and Mechanism of Chiral Benzedrine Molecules Interacting With Third Dopamine Receptor
Authors: Wang Ming , Xie Wei , Li Aijing , Xu Sichuan
Published: September 2016

In order to investigate the chiral benzedrine molecules corresponding to their different characteristics in biochemical systems, we studied their interaction with D3R using the docking method, molecular dynamic simulation, and quantum chemistry. The obtained results indicate that the active residues for R‐benzedrine (RAT) bound with D3R are Ala132, Asp133, and Tyr55, while Asn57, Asp133, Asp168, Cys172, Gly54, Trp24, and Vall136 act as the active residues for S‐benzedrine (SAT). The different active pockets are observed for ART or SAT because they possess different active residues. The binding energies between RAT and SAT with D3R were determined to be −44.0 kJ.mol−1 and −71.2 kJ.mol−1, respectively. These results demonstrate that SAT within the studied pocket of D3R has a stronger capability of binding with D3R, while it is more feasible for RAT to leave from the interior positions of D3R. In addition, the results suggest that the D3R protein can recognize chiral benzedrine molecules and influence their different addictive and pharmacological effects in biochemical systems. Chirality 28:674–685, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of CO2 storage density in a partially water‐saturated lab reservoir containing CH4 from injection of captured flue gas by gas hydrate crystallization
Authors: Sun Duo , Englezos Peter
Published: September 2016

It has been demonstrated that CO2 storage in depleted natural gas reservoirs at gas hydrate formation conditions is an opportunity to mitigate the emission of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion or gasification sources. More than 100 depleted natural gas reservoirs located in Alberta, Canada were investigated and recognized as potential sites for CO2 storage using hydrate technology. Treated flue gas captured from large stationary sources is generally a gas mixture of CO2 with N2, O2, and other impurities. The depleted gas reservoirs still contain natural gas that was not economically recoverable. In this work CO2 and a CO2/N2 (90/10 mol%) gas mixture were used for injection in a laboratory reservoir that contained residual CH4. The experimental results indicated that about 80 % of the original water in the reservoir formed CO2 hydrate after 120 h. The total CO2 storage density (in hydrate, gaseous, and dissolved state) from the injection of the CO2/N2 mixture into a 500 kPa CH4 reservoir was found to be 118.6 kg/m3. The addition of a certain amount of tapioca starch in the reservoir delayed the onset of nucleation and improved the CO2 storage density (121 kg/m3). This storage density may also be achieved by compressing the gaseous CO2/N2 mixture to 5220 kPa at 285 K. This study shows that hydrate technology provides more CO2 storage density than other storage methods or the same storage but at much lower compression costs.
Formation of hydrogen peroxide and treatment of Sunset Yellow wastewater using pulsed high‐voltage discharge system
Authors: Zhou Zhiyong , Ma Yuepeng , Liu Ying , Lu Shuaijun , Ren Zhongqi
Published: September 2016

Pulsed high‐voltage discharge, one of the advanced oxidation processes, was used for the treatment of Sunset Yellow wastewater. The effects of discharge type, initial pH, conductivity, and bubbling gas type on the formation of H2O2 were investigated in the mechanism experiments using deionized water. The concentration of H2O2 formed in hybrid series discharge mode was higher than that formed in hybrid gas‐liquid discharge and liquid discharge modes. Moreover, a pH of 1 and low conductivity were beneficial to the formation of H2O2. Bubbling O2 could obviously enhance the generation of H2O2. Afterwards, the effects of discharge type, initial pH, and bubbling gas type on the formation of H2O2 were also studied in the degradation experiments of Sunset Yellow. The experiment results were consistent with the mechanism experiments. Fenton reaction happened by the introduction of Fe2+ into the discharge process, which obviously enhanced the degradation of Sunset Yellow. Besides, the effects of initial pH and Fe2+ concentration on the Sunset Yellow degradation followed the second‐order kinetics. Moreover, the degradation efficiency of Sunset Yellow with copper mesh as an electrode was much higher than that with the needle electrode. This article proposed a feasible approach to deal with Sunset Yellow wastewater.
A randomized, double‐blind, phase 2 trial of platinum therapy plus etoposide with or without concurrent vandetanib (ZD6474) in patients with previously untreated extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer: Hoosier Cancer Research Network LUN06‐113
Authors: Sanborn Rachel E. , Patel Jyoti D. , Masters Gregory A. , Jayaram Nagesh , Stephens Anthony , Guarino Michael , Misleh Jamal , Wu Jingwei , Hanna Nasser
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

This randomized, double‐blind, phase 2 trial evaluated whether the addition of vandetanib to platinum plus etoposide for previously untreated extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) prolonged the time to disease progression in comparison with chemotherapy alone.

METHODS

Patients with previously untreated extensive‐stage SCLC received platinum (cisplatin or carboplatin) with etoposide in combination with vandetanib (100 mg daily) or a placebo for up to 4 total cycles (no maintenance therapy). An initial safety run‐in phase was conducted with the first 6 patients enrolled; all these patients received vandetanib with cisplatin and etoposide. With an overall sample size of 68 patients, the study had 80% power to detect a 3‐month difference in the time to progression (TTP) from 4 to 7 months (significance level,.10 [1‐sided log‐rank test]).

RESULTS

Seventy‐four patients were enrolled between April 2008 and May 2013. Thirty‐three patients were ultimately randomized to each arm. The baseline characteristics were well balanced, and the median number of treatment cycles was 4 for each arm. Thirty‐one patients in each arm were evaluable for TTP; the median TTP was 5.62 months with vandetanib and 5.68 months with the placebo (P = .9518). The median overall survival was 13.24 months with vandetanib and 9.23 months with the placebo (P = .4577; 33 evaluable patients in each arm). Nonhematologic toxicity was increased with vandetanib versus the placebo. No correlation was seen between vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms and outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

The addition of vandetanib to platinum and etoposide did not improve outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed extensive‐stage SCLC. Toxicity was increased in comparison with chemotherapy alone. Cancer 2017;123:303–311. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Effects of long‐term androgen deprivation therapy on cognitive function over 36 months in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Alibhai Shabbir M.H. , Timilshina Narhari , Duff‐Canning Sarah , Breunis Henriette , Tannock Ian F. , Naglie Gary , Fleshner Neil E. , Krahn Murray D. , Warde Padraig , Marzouk Shireen , Tomlinson George A.
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Many men with prostate cancer (PC) require long‐term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but to the authors' knowledge, its effects on cognitive function beyond 1 year are not described.

METHODS

Three groups of men aged ≥50 years who were matched based on age and education were enrolled: 77 patients with nonmetastatic PC who initiated continuous ADT, 82 patients with PC who were not receiving ADT (PC controls), and 82 healthy controls. A battery of 14 neuropsychological tests, examining 8 cognitive domains, was administered on 5 occasions over 36 months. Changes in cognitive scores over time were analyzed using 3 approaches: linear mixed effects regression, the percentage of participants per group with declines in ≥1/2 cognitive tests, and a global summary of cognitive change.

RESULTS

The mean age of the study subjects was 68.9 years, with a median of 16 years of education. In mixed effects models adjusted for age and education, ADT use was not found to be associated with significant changes over time in any cognitive test compared with healthy controls. The percentage of participants declining by ≥1.5 standard deviations in ≥2 tests or ≥2 standard deviations in ≥1 tests was similar across groups. A global summary of cognitive change found no statistically significant worsening of cognitive function among ADT users compared with controls. Sensitivity analyses adjusting for duration of ADT and using multiple imputation for missing data did not materially alter the study findings.

CONCLUSIONS

The ongoing use of ADT for up to 36 months does not appear to be associated with cognitive decline. Cancer 2017;123:237–244. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Generation of 3D Collagen Gels with Controlled Diverse Architectures
Authors: Doyle Andrew D.
Published: September 2016

Rat tail collagen solutions have been used as polymerizable in vitro three dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) gels for single and collective cell migration assays as well as spheroid formation. Factors such as ECM concentration, pH, ionic concentration, and temperature can alter collagen polymerization and ECM architecture. This unit describes how to generate 3D collagen gels that have distinct architectures ranging from a highly reticular meshwork of short thin fibrils with small pores to a loose matrix consisting of stiff, parallel‐bundled long fibrils by changing collagen polymerization temperature. This permits analysis of 3D cell migration in different ECM architectures found in vivo while maintaining a similar ECM concentration. Also included are collagen labeling techniques helpful for ECM visualization during live fluorescence imaging. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Subnanosecond Emission Dynamics of AT DNA Oligonucleotides
Authors: Skowron David J. , Zhang Yuyuan , Beckstead Ashley A. , Remington Jacob M. , Strawn Madison , Kohler Bern
Published: September 2016

UV radiation creates excited electronic states in DNA that can decay to mutagenic photoproducts. When excited states return to the electronic ground state, photochemical injury is avoided. Understanding of the available relaxation pathways has advanced rapidly during the past decade, but there has been persistent uncertainty, and even controversy, over how to compare results from transient absorption and time‐resolved emission experiments. Here, emission from single‐ and double‐stranded AT DNA compounds excited at 265 nm was studied in aqueous solution using the time‐correlated single photon counting technique. There is quantitative agreement between the emission lifetimes ranging from 50 to 200 ps and ones measured in transient absorption experiments, demonstrating that both techniques probe the same excited states. The results indicate that excitations with lifetimes of more than a few picoseconds are weakly emissive excimer and charge transfer states. Only a minute fraction of excitations persist beyond 1 ns in AT DNA strands at room temperature.
Human Biomonitoring of DNA Adducts by Ion Trap Multistage Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Guo Jingshu , Turesky Robert J.
Published: September 2016

Humans are continuously exposed to hazardous chemicals in the environment. These chemicals or their electrophilic metabolites can form adducts with genomic DNA, which can lead to mutations and the initiation of cancer. The identification of DNA adducts is required for understanding exposure and the etiological role of a genotoxic chemical in cancer risk. The analytical chemist is confronted with a great challenge because the levels of DNA adducts generally occur at <1 adduct per 107 nucleotides, and the amount of tissue available for measurement is limited. Ion trap mass spectrometry has emerged as an important technique to screen for DNA adducts because of the high level sensitivity and selectivity, particularly when employing multi‐stage scanning (MSn). The product ion spectra provide rich structural information and corroborate the adduct identities even at trace levels in human tissues. Ion trap technology represents a significant advance in measuring DNA adducts in humans. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparation of Intrastrand {G}O6‐Alkylene‐O6{G} Cross‐Linked Oligonucleotides
Authors: O'Flaherty Derek K. , Wilds Christopher J.
Published: September 2016

This unit describes the preparation O
6‐2′‐deoxyguanosine‐butylene‐O
6‐2′‐deoxyguanosine dimer phosphoramidites and precursors for incorporation of site‐specific intrastrand cross‐links (IaCL) into DNA oligonucleotides. Protected 2′‐deoxyguanosine dimers are produced using the Mitsunobu reaction. IaCL DNA containing the intradimer phosphodiester are first chemically phosphorylated, followed by a ring‐closing reaction using the condensing reagent 1‐(2‐mesitylenesulfonyl)‐3‐nitro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole. Phosphoramidites are incorporated into oligonucleotides by solid‐phase synthesis and standard deprotection and cleavage protocols are employed. This approach allows for the preparation of IaCL DNA substrates in amounts and purity amenable for biophysical characterization, and biochemical studies as substrates to investigate DNA repair and bypass pathways. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bisulfite Sequence Analyses Using CyVerse Discovery Environment: From Mapping to DMRs
Authors: Song Jawon , Zynda Greg , Beck Samuel , Springer Nathan M. , Vaughn Matthew W.
Published: September 2016

Epigenetic modification of DNA through methylation is known to be involved in multiple biological processes such as gene suppression. However, the exact mechanism of how DNA methylations play their part is yet unclear. In mammals, CpG islands (CGI) have been studied extensively for their involvement in cancer. Whereas in plants, despite the fact that there are not only CpG but also CHG and CHH contexts of methylation, an efficient and easy‐to‐use pipeline to decipher these phenomena is still to be developed. Both ZED‐align and BisuKit are user‐friendly apps deployed on CyVerse infrastructure where users can use their bisulfite sequence files to run multiple command line‐based packages with minimal intervention. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cooperative Catalytic Effect of ZrO2 and α‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles on BiVO4 Photoanodes for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Shaddad Maged N. , Ghanem Mohamed A. , Al‐Mayouf Abdullah M. , Gimenez Sixto , Bisquert Juan , Herraiz‐Cardona Isaac
Published: September 2016

Photoelectrochemical water splitting with metal oxide semiconductors offers a cost‐competitive alternative for the generation of solar fuels. Most of the materials studied so far suffer from poor charge‐transfer kinetics at the semiconductor/liquid interface, making compulsory the use of catalytic layers to overcome the large overpotentials required for the water oxidation reaction. Herein, we report a very soft electrolytic synthesis deposition method, which allows remarkably enhanced water oxidation kinetics of BiVO4 photoanodes by the sequential addition of Zr and Fe precursors. Upon a heat treatment cycle, these precursors are converted into monoclinic ZrO2 and α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles, which mainly act as catalysts, leading to a five‐fold increase of the water oxidation photocurrent of BiVO4. This method provides a versatile platform that is easy to apply to different semiconductor materials, fully reproducible, and facile to scale‐up on large area conductive substrates with attractive implications for technological deployment.
Phylogenetic comparisons of pedestrian locomotion costs: confirmations and new insights
Authors: White Craig R. , Alton Lesley A. , Crispin Taryn S. , Halsey Lewis G.
Published: September 2016

The energetic costs for animals to locomote on land influence many aspects of their ecology. Size accounts for much of the among‐species variation in terrestrial transport costs, but species of similar body size can still exhibit severalfold differences in energy expenditure. We compiled measurements of the (mass‐specific) minimum cost of pedestrian transport (COTmin, mL/kg/m) for 201 species – by far the largest sample to date – and used phylogenetically informed comparative analyses to investigate possible eco‐evolutionary differences in COTmin between various groupings of those species. We investigated number of legs, ectothermy and endothermy, waddling, and nocturnality specifically in lizards. Thus, our study primarily revisited previous theories about variations in COTmin between species, testing them with much more robust analyses. Having accounted for mass, while residual COTmin did not differ between bipedal and other species, specifically waddling bipeds were found to have relatively high COTmin. Furthermore, nocturnal lizards have relatively low COTmin although temperature does not appear to affect COTmin in ectotherms. Previous studies examining across‐species variation in COTmin from a biomechanical perspective show that the differences between waddling birds and nonwaddling species, and between nocturnal lizards and other ecotherms, are likely to be attributable to differences in ground reaction forces, posture, and effective limb length.
Water‐Soluble Platinum(II) Complexes Featuring 2‐Alkyl‐2H‐tetrazol‐5‐ylacetic Acids: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Popova Elena A. , Serebryanskaya Tatiyana V. , Selivanov Stanislav I. , Haukka Matti , Panikorovsky Taras L. , Gurzhiy Vladislav V. , Ott Ingo , Trifonov Rostislav E. , Kukushkin Vadim Yu.
Published: September 2016

2‐R‐2H‐Tetrazol‐5‐ylacetic acids (abbreviated as 2‐R‐taa; R = Me, iPr, tBu) react with K2[PtCl4] in 1 m HCl in H2O at r.t. furnishing trans‐platinum(II) complexes trans‐[PtCl2(2‐R‐taa)2] (1–3), whereas cis‐isomeric species cis‐[PtCl2(2‐R‐taa)2] (R = iPr, 4; tBu, 5) are isolated at lower temperature (4–6 °C). In the presence of EtOH in the reaction mixture, esterification of the tetrazol‐5‐ylacetoxy group of 2‐tBu‐taa leads to trans‐[PtCl2(ethyl 2‐tert‐butyl‐2H‐tetrazol‐5‐ylacetate)2] (6). Complexes 1–6 were characterized by elemental analyses (CHN), HRESI+‐MS, 1H, 13C{1H}, 195Pt{1H} NMR and IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetry (DSC/TG), and X‐ray diffraction (for 1·H2O, 2, 3·2H2O, 4, 5·2H2O, and 6). The generation of the tetrazole‐based complexes in solution (1 m DCl in D2O, 25 °C) was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and HPLC‐MS. The obtained data indicate the initial formation of anionic [PtCl3(2‐R‐taa)]– complexes that are subsequently converted into disubstituted isomeric platinum(II) species cis‐ and trans‐[PtCl2(2‐R‐taa)2]. By contrast to cis‐ and trans‐[PtCl2(2‐R‐taa)2] that were inactive in two human cancer models in vitro (IC50 > 100 µm), complex 6 demonstrated noticeable antiproliferative effects in HT‐29 colon and MCF‐7 breast carcinoma cell lines with IC50 values of 14.2 ± 1.1 and 5.8 ± 1.2 µm, respectively.
A Systematic Investigation of Permeation Barriers for Flexible Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: De Rossi Francesca , Mincuzzi Girolamo , Di Giacomo Francesco , Fahlteich John , Amberg‐Schwab Sabine , Noller Klaus , Brown Thomas M.
Published: September 2016

Dye solar cells (DSCs), in their flexible form, are prone to ageing due to ingress of gas as a result of the intrinsic permeability of polymer substrates. Thus, it is important to develop proper encapsulation strategies to limit degradation. Literature on flexible DSCs lacks comparative tests with different permeation barriers, including flexible ultrahigh barriers (UHB). We designed such tests and applied UHBs to flexible DSCs for the first time. We demonstrate that UHBs double the lifetime of cells with respect to those with none or less‐effective barriers. Degradation is due to a combination of electrolyte bleaching, dye detachment, and indium tin oxide (ITO) degradation. The reduced, though still noticeable, performance loss for UHB‐ and glass‐equipped cells can be mainly ascribed to lateral permeation of gas/water, suggesting that efficient solutions for edge encapsulation must be developed to extend lifetimes further.
Facile Synthesis of Nickel Nanofoam Architectures for Applications in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Chueh , Li Changling , Wang Wei , Ozkan Mihrimah , Ozkan Cengiz S.
Published: September 2016

Metal foams are utilized in various applications, such as in the automotive industries and for electrochemical devices. Herein, a Ni nanofoam is synthesized using a facile method for Li‐ion batteries. Self‐aligned Ni wires or randomly linked webs are produced with or without magnetic field, respectively. Ni granular beads or spiky clusters form at 370 or 450 °C, respectively. The surface area of Ni wires is increased by oxalic acid etching at 80 °C using 5–30 wt % water, leading to Ni oxalate nanosheets, nanowires (NWs), or nanoleaves. Metallic Ni NWs are obtained by reducing Ni oxalate NWs with H2 at 350 °C in 10 min. Carbon‐coated Si nanoparticles on Ni NW foam (C‐Si NP/Ni NWF) show 38 % rate enhancement (1222 vs. 889 mAh g−1) in comparison to C‐Si NP/Cu foil. Higher stability of C‐Si NP/Ni NWF with a capacity retention of 91 % is reached vs. 73 % for C‐Si NP/Cu foil over 180 cycles. The ambient‐pressure solution process with low temperature and fast reaction time could make large‐scale production plausible for these nanoarchitectures.
Analysts’ Dynamic Decisions: Timeliness versus Accuracy
Authors: Jordan Steven J. , Kwak Byungjin , Lee Changhee
Published: September 2016

For analysts there is a tradeoff between the accuracy and the timeliness of their forecasts. Prior literature heavily investigates analyst forecast accuracy. Few papers investigate the importance of timeliness. To our best knowledge, there are no empirical papers to date to investigate the dynamic interplay between these key characteristics. We show that if analysts experience a period of high accuracy relative to their peers, they subsequently focus more on the timeliness of their forecasts in the subsequent period and thus issue their forecasts earlier than they did in the prior period. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreasing the Polarization Resistance of BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3–δ Cathodes by Infiltration of Ce0.8Y0.2O2–δ
Authors: Wang T. H. , Sun C. C. , Zhen F. , Song W. J. , Li R. , Zhen Q.
Published: September 2016

Ce0.8Y0.2O2–δ (YDC) was infiltrated into a BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3–δ (BCFN) cathode of intermediate temperature sold oxide full cells (IT‐SOFCs) in order to decrease its cathodic polarization resistance. BCFN and YDC infiltrated BCFN electrodes were fabricated on dense Ce0.8Gd0.2O2–δ (GDC) thin pellets to form symmetrical cells. The electrochemical impedance spectra of the symmetrical cells were investigated in this present study. Firstly, the thickness of BCFN electrodes was optimized, and controlled at 30 µm for further study. The effects of infiltrated YDC amount and firing temperature on electrode polarization resistance were studied. The symmetrical cells infiltrated with 30 μL YDC solution and fired at 900 °C exhibited the lowest electrode polarization resistance in all samples. It was suggested that infiltration of YDC resulted in more active sites and prolonged TPBs in electrodes, improving the surface oxygen exchange, and finally improved the electrode performance.
Nucleus accumbens and caudate atrophy predicts longer action selection times in young and old adults
Authors: Boisgontier Matthieu P. , van Ruitenbeek Peter , Leunissen Inge , Chalavi Sima , Sunaert Stefan , Levin Oron , Swinnen Stephan P.
Published: September 2016

There is a convergence in the literature toward a critical role for the basal ganglia in action selection. However, which substructures within the basal ganglia fulfill this role is still unclear. Here we used shape analyses of structural magnetic resonance imaging data to determine the extent to which basal ganglia structures predict performance in easy and complex multilimb reaction‐time tasks in young and old adults. Results revealed that inward deformation (i.e., local atrophy) of the nucleus accumbens and caudate were predictive of longer action selection times in complex conditions, but not in easy conditions. Additionally, when assessing the relation between behavioral performance and the shape of the left nucleus accumbens in the two age groups separately, we found a significant performance–structure association in old, but not young adults. This result suggests that the relevance of the nucleus accumbens for the process of action selection increases with age. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4629–4639, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Synthesis of the 12 kDa Human Myokine Irisin by α‐Ketoacid‐Hydroxylamine (KAHA) Ligation
Authors: Wucherpfennig Thomas G. , Müller Sebastian , Wolfrum Christian , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: September 2016

Irisin is a recently discovered protein hormone with a conserved sequence among vertebrates and with putative functions in the regulation of adipose tissue and bone metabolism. We report the first chemical synthesis using two sequential ketoacid‐hydroxylamine (KAHA) ligations to give milligram quantities of unlabeled and fluorescence‐labeled irisin protein. The synthetic proteins were utilized in cell binding assays, which indicated the expected binding characteristics to stromal cells of white adipose tissue. These studies strongly imply the presence of a specific irisin receptor and provide a path to its identification with synthetic irisin.
Environmental Impact on Intestinal Stem Cell Functions in Mucosal Homeostasis and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Augenlicht Leonard H.
Published: September 2016

Multiple cell compartments at or near the base of the intestinal crypt have been identified as contributing intestinal stem cells for homeostasis of the rapidly turning over intestinal mucosa and cells that can initiate tumor development upon appropriate genetic changes. There is a strong literature establishing the importance of the frequently dividing Lgr5+ crypt base columnar cells as the fundamental cell in providing these stem cell‐associated functions, but there are also clear data that more quiescent cells from other compartments can be mobilized to provide these stem cell functions upon compromise of Lgr5+ cells. We review the data that vitamin D, a pleiotropic hormone, is essential for Lgr5 stem cell functions by signaling through the vitamin D receptor. Moreover, we discuss the implications of this role of vitamin D and its impact on relatively long‐lived stem cells in regards to the fact that virtually all the data on normal functioning of mouse Lgr5 stem cells is derived from mice exposed to vitamin D levels well above those that characterize the human population. Thus, there are still many questions regarding how dietary and environmental factors influence the complement of cells providing stem cell functions and the mechanisms by which this is determined, and the importance of this in human colorectal tumor development. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 943–952, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microvascularization of the spleen in larval and adult Xenopus laevis: Histomorphology and scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts
Authors: Lametschwandtner Alois , Radner Christine , Minnich Bernd
Published: September 2016

Microvascular anatomy and histomorphology of larval and adult spleens of the Clawed Toad, Xenopus laevis were studied by light microscopy of paraplast embedded serial tissue sections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts (VCCs). Histology showed i) that white and red pulp are present at the onset of metamorphic climax (stage 57) and ii) that splenic vessels penetrated deeply into the splenic parenchyma at the height of metamorphic climax (stage 64). Scanning electron microscopy of VCCs demonstrated gross arterial supply and venous drainage, splenic microvascular patterns as well as the structure of the interstitial (extravasal) spaces representing the “open circulation routes.” These spaces identified themselves as interconnected resin masses of two distinct forms, namely “broccoli‐shaped” forms and highly interconnected small resin structures. Arterial and venous trees were clearly identified, as were transitions from capillaries to interstitial spaces and from interstitial spaces to pulp venules. Venous sinuses were not diagnosed (nonsinusal spleen). The splenic circulation in Xenopus laevis is “open.” It is hypothesized that red blood cells circulate via splenic artery, central arteries, penicillar arteries, and red pulp capillaries primarily via “broccoli‐shaped” interstitial spaces, pulp venules and veins into subcapsular veins to splenic veins while lymphocytes circulate also via the interstitial spaces represented by the highly interconnected small resin structures in vascular corrosion casts. In physiological terms, the former most likely represent the fast route for blood circulation, while the latter represent the slow route. J. Morphol. 277:1559–1569, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular characterization of enteric adenovirus genotypes 40 and 41 identified in children with acute gastroenteritis in Kolkata, India during 2013–2014
Authors: Banerjee Anindita , De Papiya , Manna Byomkesh , Chawla‐Sarkar Mamta
Published: September 2016

Human enteric adenovirus (HAdV) belonging to species F is one of the most common pathogens responsible for infantile gastroenteritis worldwide. This study was initiated to estimate prevalence and types of HAdV among children below 5 years of age seeking health care facility for treatment of diarrhea in Kolkata, Eastern India. A total of 1,562 stool specimens were tested during 2013–2014 and among them, 185 (11.8%) were positive for enteric HAdV. Maximum number of positive cases were observed among children between 6 and 12 months of age (13.9%). HAdV infection occurred at a low frequency throughout the year, with an increased incidence in the month of March–July in both the years. Among HAdV positive samples (n = 185), 44.8% showed coinfection with rotavirus. Genotyping based on hypervariable region of hexon and partial shaft region of fiber genes, revealed prevalence of HAdV‐40 over HAdV‐41 genotype during this study period. Nucleotide sequence analysis of HAdV‐40 strains exhibited more than 99% similarity among themselves and 98.5% with the prototype strain Dugan. Sequence analysis of six hypervariable regions (HVRs) of hexon genes from all the HAdV‐41 strains revealed co‐circulation of both genome type cluster 1(GTC1) and GTC2. The presence of both types of GTCs reflects accumulation of amino acid (aa) mutations in HVR of hexon gene. A recombination event was evident in a subset of HAdV‐41 strains where hexon gene belonged to GTC1 whereas, fiber gene clustered with GTC2. Sequence analysis of fiber gene shaft region of HAdV‐41 strains revealed 15 aa deletion from the 15th repeat motif. J. Med. Virol. 89:606–614, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.