bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relation between Total Homocysteine Levels and Beer Intake in Patients with Diabetes mellitus Type 2
Authors: de Luis Daniel Antonio , Fernandez Nuria , Aller Rocio , de Luis J. , Arranz Marisa , Izaola Olatz
Published: May 2003

Background/Aim: The evaluation of the significance of hyperhomocysteinemia in type 2 diabetes is further complicated by the multiple ways of considering impaired renal function, vitamin status, and lifestyle. The aim of our study was to investigate the relation between macro- and micronutrient intakes and homocysteine levels in a population having diabetes type 2. Methods: A total of 155 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 attending our Diabetes Service (90 females and 65 males) were enrolled in a consecutive way. All patients underwent determination of fasting blood homocysteine, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, vitamin B12, and folate levels. Microalbuminuria was evaluated on the basis of a 24-hour urine. The patients were instructed to keep 3-day written food records incorporating the use of food scales and models to enhance portion size accuracy. Alcohol drinking, physical activity, and smoking habits were also registered. Results: The mean homocysteine levels were 10.5 ± 4.3 µmol/l. The mean glucose and Hb AIc levels were 9.5 ± 3 mmol/l and 7.8 ± 1.4%, respectively. The vitamin status was normal: 592.6 ± 522 pg/ml vitamin B12 and 10.5 ± 5.5 ng/ml folic acid. Mean microalbuminuria was 81.7 ± 238 mg/day. The calorie intakes were normal (carbohydrates 43%, proteins 23.8%, and lipids 33.1%). A decrease in daily intakes of vitamins (A, B1, D, and E) and trace elements (Zn, Mg, Se, and Ca) was detected. High daily intakes were detected for protein, P, and vitamins C, B12, K and P 29.7% of the patients drank beer and 18% other alcoholic beverages. 11.7% of the patients smoked, and 77.7% maintained daily physical activity (mean/day 25.7 ± 20.9 min). Only protein (g/day; r = 0.25; p < 0.005) and beer (ml/day; r = –0.46; p < 0.05) correlated with the total homocysteine levels. The daily intakes of vitamin B12 and folic acid were inversely correlated with the total homocysteine levels: r = –0.29; p < 0.05) and (r = –0.12; p < 0.05), respectively. Physical activity and smoking habits were not correlated. In the multivariate analysis with a dependent variable (total homocysteine) adjusted for age, sex, microalbuminuria, and nutrient intakes (proteins, folic acid, and vitamin B12) and beer remained in the model. Conclusion: The present study shows that protein intake and beer could modify the levels of total homocysteine in patients with diabetes type 2.
4-Hydroxycinnamate Lowers Plasma and Hepatic Lipids without Changing Antioxidant Enzyme Activities
Authors: Lee Jeong-Sun , Bok Song-Hae , Park Yong Bok , Lee Mi-Kyung , Choi Myung-Sook
Published: May 2003

Background/Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of 4-hydroxycinnamate (4-(OH)-C) supplement on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant system of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Methods: Three groups of rats were given a diet containing 1 g cholesterol/kg for 6 weeks. The control group only received a high cholesterol diet, whereas the other two groups received a diet including lovastatin or 4-(OH)-C (0.1 g/100 g). Results: The plasma total cholesterol concentration was significantly lowered by the 4-(OH)-C supplement, whereas the HDL-cholesterol level was higher in this group. The 4-(OH)-C supplement significantly lowered the hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides levels, respectively. Accumulation of hepatic lipid droplet was the highest in control group; however, it was decreased by supplementation of the 4-(OH)-C and the lovastatin. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activities were not significantly different between the groups, whereas the ACAT activity was significantly lowered in the lovastatin group. The 4-(OH)-C significantly lowered the hepatic TBARS content. And it did not alter the neutral sterol and total fecal sterol, however, the fecal acidic sterol was higher in the lovastatin and the 4-(OH)-C groups than in the control group. Conclusion: These results indicate that 4-(OH)-C was effective in lowering the plasma cholesterol and hepatic lipids.
Airflow Limitation and Breathing Strategy in Congestive Heart Failure Patients during Exercise
Authors: Schroeder C. Andrew , Balfe David L. , Khan Steven S. , Mohsenifar Zab
Published: May 2003

Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) patients experience dyspnea on exertion and therefore have decreased exercise tolerance. Objective: This study explores the hypothesis that stable New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III CHF patients without a history of pulmonary disease exhibit airflow limitation with increasing exercise. Methods: We characterized flow limitations and breathing reserves at baseline, during exercise before anaerobic threshold (pre-AT), and after anaerobic threshold (post-AT) in CHF patients and normal subjects. Data were collected in the form of maximal flow volume loops and subsequent tidal flow volume loops at baseline and during exercise. Expiratory flow limitation was expressed as percent of tidal volume that corresponded with overlap of the tidal flow volume loops and maximal flow volume loops during expiration. The area directly between the maximum flow volume loops and the tidal flow volume loops during the expiratory phase is expressed as expiratory flow volume reserve (EFVR). Results: CHF patients experienced expiratory flow limitation during exercise (pre-AT and post-AT) that was significantly increased compared to baseline and to normal subjects at similar exercise levels (CHF, baseline 8.5 ± 7, pre-AT 37 ± 10, post-AT 38 ± 8%, n = 9, p < 0.05). Both CHF patients and normal subjects increased EFVR during exercise, but only the normal subjects increased EFVR to a significantly different value at post-AT exercise levels (normal subjects, 9.5 ± 2, 11 ± 2, 32 ± 4%, n = 7, p < 0.05). Both CHF patients and normal subjects increased end inspiratory lung volume (EILV) during exercise, but only the normal subjects significantly increased EILV at post-AT exercise levels (normal subjects, 49 ± 4, 55 ± 5, 76 ± 4%, p < 0.05). Inspiratory capacity (IC)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratios were increased in CHF patients compared to normal subjects. However, IC/FVC values did not change during exercise in either group. Conclusions: CHF patients cannot utilize their full respiratory capacity during exercise secondary to expiratory flow limitation and an inability to increase EILV and EFVR.
Retrospective Evaluation of Patient Compliance in Continuous Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Demirel Hande , Demir Tuncalp , Umut Sema
Published: May 2003

Background: Prescription of continuous oxygen therapy (COT) for correct indications, adequate education of the patients, and a regular and sufficient oxygen intake are essential. Objective: To evaluate the indications of COT prescriptions in six different centers around Istanbul and patient compliance. Methods: The initial data of the cases were taken from hospital records and throughout the study personal visits were done as well as arterial blood gas (ABG) analyses. Results: 86 patients out of 110 (78.1%) were found to be eligible candidates for COT. Daily duration of therapy was more than 15 h in 55 (43.3%) and more than 12 h in 14 (11%) of the cases. During therapy, mean PaO2 values have increased from 52.1 ± 11 to 58.6 ± 12 mm Hg (p < 0.001), while mean PaCO2 values have decreased from 50.16 ± 9.6 to 48.02 ± 9 mm Hg (p < 0.05). 98 of the cases (77.1%) stated that they had benefited from the therapy. Conclusions: We conclude that COT is an effective treatment modality, but patient compliance remains a problem.
The Effects of Shallow versus Deep Endotracheal Suctioning on the Cytological Components of Respiratory Aspirates in High-Risk Infants
Authors: Ahn Youngmee , Hwang Taesook
Published: May 2003

Background: The harmful effects of mechanical ventilation and suctioning are compounded if endotracheal suctioning (ETS) is inappropriately performed. Deep ETS involves catheter insertion into the endotracheal tube until resistance is met. Shallow ETS may be beneficial in lessening mechanical irritation to the first bronchial layers. However, clinical observation reveals wide variation in the length of the suction catheter for ETS in high-risk infants. Objective: The study was conducted to examine the effects of deep and shallow ETS on the cytological components of respiratory aspirates from high-risk infants. Methods: A cross-over experimental study was performed in 22 high-risk infants with a mean birth weight of 2,200 g. Whether deep or shallow ETS was conducted first was determined randomly. The numbers of (1) columnar cells [CC – ciliated (CCC) and nonciliated (NCC)], (2) fresh clustered columnar cells (CLCC), and (3) Curschmann’s spirals (CS), a mucus cast residing inside the lower terminal airways, in the respiratory aspirates were compared between the two ETS protocols. Results: No statistical differences were found in the quantities of CC, CLCC and NCC between shallow and deep ETS. However, greater quantities of CLCC were observed in the deep ETS aspirates than in the shallow ETS aspirates. Conclusions: Detachment of larger amounts of clustered columnar cells from the respiratory epithelium without the guarantee that lung secretions from the lower airways will be removed questions the justification of deep ETS in high-risk infants.
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and Hemopneumothoraces Secondary to Cystic Lung Metastasis
Authors: Park Sung Il , Choi Eugene , Lee Heung Bum , Rhee Yang Keun , Chung Myoung Ja , Lee Yong Chul
Published: May 2003

We report a case of a cystic metastasis to the lung from an angiosarcoma of the scalp in a 75-year-old man who complained of hemoptysis. A chest CT scan showed multiple thin-walled pulmonary cysts, bilateral pneumothoraces, small nodules and pneumomediastinum. Histologic examination revealed pleural infiltration of angiosarcoma cells. One month later, a high-resolution CT scan showed that the cysts had rapidly developed into large lesions.
Primary Paratesticular Epithelioid Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Ptochos A. , Iosifidis N. , Papazafiriou G. , Kehagia-Koutoufari T. , Karagiannopoulou G.
Published: May 2003

We report a case of a 69-year-old man with a history of left spermatic cord thickening and an enlarging painless mass in the left hemiscrotum. A final diagnosis of paratesticular epithelioid leiomyosarcoma was made. 13 months after treatment he is alive without any signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis.
Urethral Catheter: A Pain in the Neck!
Authors: Masood J. , Shah N. , Lane T. , Barua J.M.
Published: May 2003

Long-term urinary catheterization is well recognized in the literature as being associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present a rare and previously unreported complication of a cervical spine abscess resulting from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia originating from the urinary tract in a patient with a urinary catheter.
New Gastric Epithelial Cell Lines from Mice Transgenic for Temperature-Sensitive Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Show Distinct Types of Cell Differentiation
Authors: Tabuchi Yoshiaki , Arai Yuko , Shioya Hiroki , Kuribayashi Ryosuke , Ishibashi Kotaro , Sugiyama Norifumi , Obinata Masuo , Takeguchi Noriaki , Asano Shinji
Published: May 2003

Aim: To develop conditionally immortalized gastric mucosal cell lines that show distinct types of cell differentiation from transgenic mice harboring temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 (tsSV40) large T antigen. Methods: Gastric mucosal cells from the transgenic mice were cultured at a permissive temperature (33°C), and proliferative cells were then cloned by colony formation. Results: Eight gastric cell lines showed epithelial-like morphology and grew at 33°C. Three different types of the cell lines have been established: (1) MGE12-1, MGE3-2, and MGE509 cells expressing mRNAs for pit cell markers (gastric mucin and cathepsin E); (2) MGE02, MGE503, and MGE511 cells expressing mRNAs for pit and zymogenic (pepsinogen F) cell markers, and (3) MGE507 and MGE727 cells expressing mRNAs for pit, zymogenic, and parietal (H,K-ATPase α-subunit) cell markers. Moreover, the TaqMan assay showed that mRNA levels of mucin, H,K-ATPase α-subunit, and pepsinogen F were influenced by nonpermissive temperature (39°C) in MGE503 and MGE727 cells. Conclusion: These gastric epithelial cell lines seem to reflect different stages of development of gastric mucosal cells.
Evidence for a Major Quantitative Trait Locus on Chromosome 17q21 Affecting Low-Density Lipoprotein Peak Particle Diameter
Authors: Bossé Yohan , Pérusse Louis , Després Jean-Pierre , Lamarche Benoît , Chagnon Yvon C. , Rice Treva , Rao D.C. , Bouchard Claude , Vohl Marie-Claude
Published: May 2003

Background—

Several lines of evidence suggest that small dense LDL particles are associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. Heritability and segregation studies suggest that LDL particle size is characterized by a large genetic contribution and the presence of a putative major genetic locus. However, association and linkage analyses have thus far been inconclusive in identifying the underlying gene(s).

Methods and Results—

An autosomal genome-wide scan for LDL peak particle diameter (LDL-PPD) was performed in the Québec Family Study. A total of 442 markers were genotyped, with an average intermarker distance of 7.2 cM. LDL-PPD was measured by gradient gel electrophoresis in 681 subjects from 236 nuclear families. Linkage was tested by both sib-pair–based and variance components–based linkage methods. The strongest evidence of linkage was found on chromosome 17q21.33 at marker D17S1301, with an LOD score of 6.76 by the variance-components method for the phenotype adjusted for age, body mass index, and triglyceride levels. Similar results were obtained with the sib-pair method (
P
<0.0001). Other chromosomal regions harboring markers with highly suggestive evidence of linkage (
P
≤0.0023; LOD ≥1.75) include 1p31, 2q33.2, 4p15.2, 5q12.3, and 14q31. Several candidate genes are localized under the peak linkages, including apolipoprotein H on chromosome 17q, the apolipoprotein E receptor 2, and members of the phospholipase A
2
family on chromosome 1p as well as HMG-CoA reductase on chromosome 5q.

Conclusions—

This genome-wide scan for LDL-PPD indicates the presence of a major quantitative trait locus located on chromosome 17q and others interesting loci influencing the phenotype.
Prognostic Factors for Children With Hodgkin’s Disease Treated With Combined-Modality Therapy
Authors: Smith Ron S. , Chen Qing , Hudson Melissa M. , Link Michael P. , Kun Larry , Weinstein Howard , Billett Amy , Marcus Karen J. , Tarbell Nancy J. , Donaldson Sarah S.
Published: May 2003

Purpose: Evaluation of pretreatment factors to identify children at high risk for relapse after combined-modality therapy for Hodgkin’s disease.

Patients and Methods: From 1990 to 2000, 328 pediatric patients with clinical stage I to IV Hodgkin’s disease were treated with chemotherapy and low-dose involved-field radiotherapy on prospective, collaborative, risk-adapted protocols at three institutions. Pretreatment factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis for prognostic significance for 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results: With a median follow-up of 59 months (range, 8 to 125 months), the 5-year DFS and OS for all patients were 83% and 93%, respectively. Several factors were associated with inferior DFS and OS by univariate analysis. By multivariate analysis, male sex; stage IIB, IIIB, or IV disease; bulky mediastinal disease; WBC more than 13.5 × 103/mm3; and hemoglobin less than 11.0 g/dL were significant for inferior DFS. A prognostic index was developed incorporating the five significant factors from the multivariate analysis, assigning each a score of 1. The 5-year DFS and OS for children with a prognostic score of 0 to 1 were 94% and 99%; score 2, 85% and 96%; score 3, 71% and 92%; and score 4 or 5, 49% and 72%, respectively. There was a significant difference in DFS among each of these groups, with significantly worse OS in those with a score of 4 to 5.

Conclusion: A prognostic index that was based on five pretreatment factors correlated with inferior DFS by multivariate analysis stratified patients by outcome; this may be useful in assigning children with Hodgkin’s disease to risk-adapted therapy.
Fluoxetine Versus Placebo in Advanced Cancer Outpatients: A Double-Blinded Trial of the Hoosier Oncology Group
Authors: Fisch Michael J. , Loehrer Patrick J. , Kristeller Jean , Passik Steven , Jung Sin-Ho , Shen Jianzhao , Arquette Matthew A. , Brames Mary J. , Einhorn Lawrence H.
Published: May 2003

Purpose: To determine whether fluoxetine improves overall quality of life (QOL) in advanced cancer patients with symptoms of depression revealed by a simple survey.

Patients and Methods: One hundred sixty-three patients with an advanced solid tumor and expected survival between 3 and 24 months were randomly assigned in a double-blinded fashion to receive either fluoxetine (20 mg daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. Patients were screened for at least minimal depressive symptoms and assessed every 3 to 6 weeks for QOL and depression. Patients with recent exposure to antidepressants were excluded.

Results: The groups were comparable at baseline in terms of age, sex, disease distribution, performance status, and level of depressive symptoms. One hundred twenty-nine patients (79%) completed at least one follow-up assessment. Analysis using generalized estimating equation modeling revealed that patients treated with fluoxetine exhibited a significant improvement in QOL as shown by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General, compared with patients given placebo (P = .01). Specifically, the level of depressive symptoms expressed was lower in patients treated with fluoxetine (P = .0005), and the subgroup of patients showing higher levels of depressive symptoms on the two-question screening survey were the most likely to benefit from treatment.

Conclusion: In this mix of patients with advanced cancer who had symptoms of depression as determined by a two-question bedside survey, use of fluoxetine was well tolerated, overall QOL was improved, and depressive symptoms were reduced.
Significant Correlation Between the Degree of WT1 Expression and the International Prognostic Scoring System Score in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Cilloni Daniela , Gottardi Enrico , Messa Francesca , Fava Milena , Scaravaglio Patrizia , Bertini Marilena , Girotto Mauro , Marinone Carlo , Ferrero Dario , Gallamini Andrea , Levis Alessandro , Saglio Giuseppe
Published: May 2003

Purpose: To determine whether pattern of WT1 gene expression is a useful marker for establishing prognosis and tracking disease progression in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

Patients and Methods: We performed a quantitative assessment of the WT1 transcript amount by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) in 173 samples (131 bone marrow samples and 42 peripheral-blood samples) from 131 patients with MDS (79 patients with refractory anemia [RA], 31 with RA with excess blasts [RAEB], 18 with secondary acute myeloid leukemia [s-AML] evolved from MDS, and three with deletion of 5q as the sole cytogenetic abnormality). Values obtained were correlated with the blast percentage and International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score.

Results: Sixty-five percent of BM and 78% of PB samples for RA and 100% of BM and PB samples of RAEB and s-AML expressed WT1 transcript amounts greater than the level observed in healthy volunteers. The degree of WT1 expression was highly correlated with the type of MDS, was much higher in RAEB and s-AML compared with RA, and increased during disease progression. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between WT1 expression levels, blast cell percentage, and the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities. Therefore, we found a significant correlation between the amount of WT1 transcripts and the IPSS score, which currently represents the most reliable risk index of disease progression available for MDS patients.

Conclusion: WT1 is a useful molecular marker for risk assessment in MDS patients.
Control Issues of a Permanent-Magnet Generator, Variable-Speed, Wind Turbine
Authors: Haniotis A. , Papathanassiou S. , Kladas A. , Papadopoulos M.
Published: May 2003

A prototype of the electrical part of a variable speed wind turbine is considered, equipped with a permanent-magnet synchronous generator. The modelling of the generator and power electronics interface is checked with measurements realized in the prototype, under both steady-state and dynamic conditions. Measurements and control functions are performed by using a microprocessor. The outcome of the simulation and experimental work are actually utilized in the development of a 25 kW wind turbine, in the frame of a research project.
Rubinstein‐Taybi syndrome medical guidelines
Authors: Wiley Susan , Swayne Susan , Rubinstein Jack H. , Lanphear Nancy E. , Stevens Cathy A.
Published: May 2003

Children and adults with Rubinstein‐Taybi Syndrome have specific medical conditions that occur with greater frequency than the general population. Based on the available information from the literature and clinical experience, recommendations for specific surveillance and interventions are made to guide those clinicians caring for individuals with Rubinstein‐Taybi Syndrome. This is a first attempt at medical guidelines for individuals with RTS in the United States. On‐going research is needed in many areas to guide decisions in medical care and allow for refinement of these medical guidelines. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nickelation of [3‐Et‐7,8‐Ph2‐7,8‐nido‐C2B9H8]2−: synthesis and characterization of 1,2 → 1,2 and 1,2 → 1,7 isomerized products
Authors: Robertson Susan , Ellis David , Rosair Georgina M. , Welch Alan J.
Published: May 2003

The reaction between [3‐Et‐7,8‐Ph2‐7,8‐nido‐C2B9H8]2− and Ni(dppe)Cl2 in tetrahydrofuran affords major and minor products, identified spectroscopically and crystallographically. The major species is 1,2‐Ph2‐4‐dppe‐6‐Et‐4,1,2‐closo‐NiC2B9H8, which arises from the presumed initial product 1,2‐Ph2‐3‐dppe‐6‐Et‐3,1,2‐closo‐NiC2B9H8 by a sterically induced 1,2 → 1,2 C atom isomerization, typical of overcrowded nickelacarboranes. The minor species is 1,8‐Ph2‐2‐dppe‐4‐Et‐2,1,8‐closo‐NiC2B9H8, arising from an unexpected 1,2 → 1,7 carbon‐atom isomerization of the initial product. The fact that one boron atom is labelled with an Et group, coupled with the fact that these isomerizations occur at low temperatures, allows comment on the isomerization mechanisms. The minor isomer cannot be explained by reference to Wales' sequential diamond–square–diamond mechanism for 1,2‐closo‐C2B10H12 → 1,7‐closo‐C2B10H12. A simple rationalization of the formation of both major and minor isomers is available through triangle face rotation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
o‐Carboranyl derivatives of 1,3,5‐s‐triazines: structures, properties and in vitro activities
Authors: Lee Chai‐Ho , Lim Hong‐Gyu , Lee Jong‐Dae , Lee Young‐Joo , Ko Jaejung , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Ook Kang Sang
Published: May 2003

Our objective was to design and synthesize substituted o‐carboranes carrying the 1,3,5‐s‐triazine units as potential boron neutron capture therapy agents. The preliminary results indicated that selective substitution was successful, and the structural AB2 (mono‐o‐carboranyl‐1,3,5‐s‐triazine) or A2B (bis‐o‐carboranyl‐1,3,5‐s‐triazine) type was used as the starting point for the generation of biologically active species. In the first series, the influence of the structural changes in the central core unit was investigated. Thus, a procedure for the sequential, selective derivatization of cyanuric chloride that allows for the incorporation of o‐carborane was elucidated. As a result, a variety of mono‐, di‐, and tri‐substituted triazines were produced in good yield. In the second series, the effect of additional amine substituents on the 1,3,5‐s‐triazine was studied. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single gene controlling black eyes found from the intercross of two yellow‐eyed strains of Heliothis virescens
Authors: Cho Sae‐Youll , Payne Gregory T. , Brown Thomas M.
Published: May 2003

Summary: Black eyes of the moth of Heliothis virescens were controlled by a single, autosomal recessive gene, b. Black‐eyed moths were discovered among progeny in an outcross made to test for allelism of two known genes ye, conferring yellow eyes, and yes, conferring yellow eyes and scales. Complementation to the wildtype gray eye color was observed in 686 (99.1%) of the progeny; however, six progeny of one mating exhibited the new phenotype, black eyes. Two black‐eyed females mated to a wildtype sibling produced descendents displaying golden eyes, striped eye, purple eyes, white eyes, and “cat's” eyes. No black‐eyed progeny were observed in the F2 generation of lines segregating for y, ye, and yes, confirming that black eye was not a combination of those other genes. These newly discovered genes could be useful in basic studies of developmental genetics or in applied transgenesis. genesis 36:34–39, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PSPICE HF model for a tin solder joint
Authors: Fourcaudot S. , Vasilescu G. , Alquié G. , Hanna V. F.
Published: May 2003

A lumped equivalent circuit is proposed for a tin solder joint, by connecting a single copper wire (it is supposed as belonging to a device) to a metal path on a printed circuit board (PCB). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 38–40, 2003
Differential expression and function of A20 and TRAF1 in Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma and their induction by CD30 stimulation
Authors: Dürkop Horst , Hirsch Burkhard , Hahn Corinna , Foss Hans‐Dieter , Stein Harald
Published: May 2003

A20 and TRAF1 are two anti‐apoptotic components of the intracellular signalling pathway of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family. Induction of apoptosis seems to be a main function of these receptors. It is astonishing that a member of this family, CD30, is overexpressed by highly proliferating tumours such as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). It is known that CD30 stimulation leads to the apoptosis of ALCL tumour cells but not of Hodgkin–Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells. We have already established the overexpression of TRAF1 in HRS cells. In this study we demonstrate that A20 is highly expressed in the HRS cells in 20/22 of cases of classical HL, in 4/4 cases of nodular lymphocyte‐predominant HL (NLPHL), and in 2/2 cases of the anaplastic variant of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In contrast, all other non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, including ALCL, revealed either no A20 reactivity, or reactivity in less than 1% of all tumour cells. CD30 stimulation induced A20 and TRAF1 expression. This effect was most prominent in HL and ALCL cell lines with low basal expression levels of these molecules. Immunohistological studies of reactive lymphoid blasts in tonsillar tissue demonstrated that co‐expression of CD30, A20, and TRAF1 also occurs in vivo. Cell lines with high basal A20 and TRAF1 expression were resistant to CD30‐mediated apoptosis. The sensitivity to CD30‐induced apoptosis was increased by inhibition of protein synthesis. TRAF1 transfection decreased CD30‐induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that A20 and TRAF1 contribute to apoptosis resistance and, therefore, play an important role in the pathogenesis of classical HL. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensing of liquids by electrically conductive immiscible polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane blends containing carbon black
Authors: Segal E. , Tchoudakov R. , Narkis M. , Siegmann A.
Published: May 2003

Immiscible polymer blends based on polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane (PP/TPU) are interesting host multiphase systems for the incorporation of low concentrations of conductive carbon black (CB) particles. The enhancement of conductivity (and the lower critical CB content for percolation) in the PP/TPU blend is achieved via double percolation, that is, structural and electrical. The CB particles form chainlike network structures within the TPU phase, which exhibit phase continuity of elongated particles within the PP matrix. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis studies indicated that the incorporation of CB particles into the PP/TPU blend has a “compatibilizing” effect, resulting in an enhanced interaction between the two polymers. Extruded PP/TPU/CB filaments produced by a capillary rheometer process at various shear rates were examined as sensing materials for a homologous series of alcohols, that is, methanol, ethanol, and 1‐propanol. All filaments displayed increasing resistance upon exposure to the various alcohols combined with excellent reproducibility and recovery behavior. An attempt is made to identify the dominant mechanisms controlling the sensing process in a CB‐containing immiscible polymer blend characterized by a double‐continuity structure. The interphase region, its quantity, and continuity played a significant role in the liquid‐transport process. Blend composition, filaments' extrusion temperature, and production shear rate level were considered as significant parameters determining the structure and the resultant sensing properties. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1428–1440, 2003
Antifertility effects of Ricinus communis (Linn) on rats
Authors: Sandhyakumary K. , Bobby R. G. , Indira M.
Published: May 2003

The antifertility effects of 50% ethanol extracts of Ricinus communis have been studied in male rats. There was a drastic reduction in the epididymal sperm counts. Alteration in the motility, mode of movement and morphology of the sperms were observed. Reductions in the fructose and testosterone levels were suggestive of reduced reproductive performance. Reversibility tests showed that the antifertility effect of Ricinus communis was completely reversible on withdrawal of the drug. The ethanol extracts of Ricinus communis did not cause any hepatotoxicity since the hepatic GOT and GPT levels were unaltered. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bronchoscopic Ultrasonography for Staging Supracarinal Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Impact on Outcome
Authors: Osugi Harushi , Nishimura Yoshihiko , Takemura Masashi , Higashino Masayuki , Takada Nobuyasu , Kishida Touru , Kinoshita Hiroaki
Published: May 2003

Abstract

The precise, accurate diagnosis of malignant airway invasion is essential to determine the likelihood of complete resection and survival of patients with invasive carcinoma of the upper esophagus. The usefulness of ultrasonic scanning of the tracheobronchial wall by bronchoscopic ultrasonography (BUS) was studied, and results were compared with those of computed tomography (CT). Sixty‐six consecutive patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the upper esophagus treated from 1997 to 2000 were studied. The presence of tracheobronchial invasion was diagnosed by BUS based on an interruption in the most external hyperechoic layer of the tracheobronchus (corresponding to its adventitia). BUS was completed without any complication in all patients. The accuracy of diagnosis was validated intraoperatively, and it was better for BUS (90%) than for CT (62%) (p = 0.001). Of the 26 patients diagnosed as being invasion‐free by BUS, only 2 had invasion, compared to 7 of 22 patients who had invasion after CT scans had suggested they did not. Survival was worse for patients diagnosed as having invasion than not having it based on CT scans (p = 0.0071), but the difference was more significant with BUS (p < 0.0001). BUS is a safe, reliable staging modality for cancer in the upper esophagus. When surgery is considered, BUS is essential for determining whether a curative resection is possible.
Does Drainage Fluid Amylase Reflect Pancreatic Leakage after Pancreaticoduodenectomy?
Authors: Shyr Yi‐Ming , Su Cheng‐Hsi , Wu Chew‐Wun , Lui Wing‐Yiu
Published: May 2003

Abstract

This study tried to determine if drainage fluid amylase reflects pancreatic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy and to determine the factors affecting the drainage amylase level. Patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy were recruited. The drainage amylase was measured from postoperative day (POD) 1 to POD 7. Direct evidence of pancreatic leakage was provided by upper gastrointestinal studies using a water‐soluble contrast medium and methylene blue dye in the pancreaticogastrostomy group or by pancreaticography with injected contrast medium via an exteriorized pancreatic stent in the pancreaticojejunostomy group on POD 7. A total of 37 patients were recruited. The drainage amylase level was higher than the normal serum amylase (≥ 190 U/L) in more than half of the cases on the initial POD 2 specimen, with a median of 745 U/L on POD 1 and 663 U/L on POD 2. The drainage amylase level was more than three times the normal serum amylase level (≥ 190 × 3 U/L) in 56.8% on POD 1, in 51.4% on POD 2, and in nearly one‐third on POD 7 (29.7%). However, no pancreatic leakage occurred in any of the patients with a drainage amylase of ≥ 190 U/L. Only one case of pancreatic leakage with a small amount of drainage fluid (10 ml) and low amylase level (74 U/L), was noted. Soft pancreatic parenchyma and a nondilated pancreatic duct were significantly associated with higher drainage amylase levels. In conclusion, biochemical leakage defined by amylase‐rich drainage fluid might have no clinical significance and was not necessarily clinical pancreatic leakage following pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray analysis of the ternary complex of procarboxypeptidase A from bovine pancreas
Authors: Gomis-Rüth F.X. , Gómez M. , Ventura S. , Vendrell J. , Avilés F.X.
Published: May 2003

The ternary complex of procarboxypeptidase A, chymotrypsinogen C and proproteinase E from bovine pancreas has been crystallized using the sitting drop vapour diffusion method. The success in obtaining crystals has been found to be critically dependent on the prevention of autolysis of the complex. In preliminary stages, crystals twinned by merohedry were obtained from a solution containing MgCl2 and polyethylenglycol 400 as precipitating agent. Later on, untwinned ones could be grown employing CaCl2 instead of MgCl2. These latter crystals belong to the rhombohedral system and to the spacegroup R3 with cell dimensions . Consideration of the possible values of V
m accounts for the presence of one ternary complex molecule‐oligomere per asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract beyond 2.6 Å resolution and are suitable for X‐ray analysis.
Cloning and expression of the cDNA coding for the erythrocyte isoenzyme of human acylphosphatase
Authors: Fiaschi Tania , Raugei Giovanni , Marzocchini Riccardo , Chiarugi Paola , Cirri Paolo , Ramponi Giampietro
Published: May 2003

Three independent cDNAs coding for the erythrocyte isoform of human acylphosphatase were isolated and characterized. All the clones were incomplete at the 5′ end, but Northern blot analysis using the cDNA as a probe showed the presence of an unusually long mRNA 5′‐untranslated region. The transcript was present in a variety of human cell lines of different origins, although at different levels. Southern blot analysis on DNA from different individuals revealed a simple hybridization pattern. Large amounts of pure enzyme with kinetic characteristics very similar to those of the native protein were expressed in E. coli.
Activation of a novel form of phospholipase A2 during liver regeneration
Authors: Wojtaszek Paul A. , Van Putten Vicki , Nemenoff Raphael A.
Published: May 2003

Activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) occurs following mitogenic stimulation of cells. This study examined PLA2 activation during liver regeneration. Increased activity was detected within 1 h after partial hepatectomy, was maximal by 6 h, and returned to control levels by 24 h. Fractionation of cell‐free extracts revealed multiple peaks of PLA2 activity. One peak appeared identical to the previously described cPLA2, and was modestly stimulated during regeneration. A higher molecular weight form (hPLA2) was stimulated ∼5‐fold during regeneration. This enzyme was Ca 2+‐dependent and selective for arachidonoylphosphatidylethanolamine. The activation of this novel form of PLA2 represents an early event in liver regeneration, and is likely to contribute to the proliferative response.
The first 37 residues are sufficient for dimerization of ribosomal L7/L12 protein
Authors: Gudkov A.T. , Budovskaya E.V. , Sherstobaeva N.M.
Published: May 2003

The ribosomal protein L7/L12 with the substitution of Cys38 for the Val38 residue was obtained and studied to test the orientation of polypeptide chains in the N‐terminal region of the dimer. The results show that the L7/L12 dimer has a parallel (head‐to‐head) orientation of subunits and that its first 37 N‐terminal residues are sufficient for dimerization.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of the lower parts of the major substrate channel of yeast catalase A leads to highly increased peroxidatic activity
Authors: Zamocky M. , Herzog Ch. , Nykyri L.M. , Koller F.
Published: May 2003

Five single replacement mutants of catalase A from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were prepared (F148V, F149V, F156V, F159V, and V111A). The exchanges were expected to relieve steric constraints in the lowest part of the major substrate channel. The overall stability of the isolated enzymes is unaffected by the respective amino acid exchanges, but some modifications lead to decreased protohaem binding. All isolated mutants (most pronounced the V111A‐species) show decreased catalatic and markedly increased peroxidatic activity, both with aliphatic and aromatic substrates. These effects can in part be explained by steric effects, but also reveal destabilisation of compound I.
Factors responsible for the Ca2+‐dependent inactivation of calcineurin in brain
Authors: Stemmer Paul M. , Wang Xutong , Krinks Marie H. , Klee Claude B.
Published: May 2003

The Ca2+‐dependent protein phosphatase activity of crude rat brain extracts measured in the presence of okadaic acid, exhibits the characteristic properties of the calmodulin‐stimulated protein phosphatase, calcineurin. It is stimulated more than 200‐fold by Ca2+and inhibited by the calmodulin‐binding peptide, M13, and by the immunosuppressive drug, FK506. It is insensitive to rapamycin at concentrations up to 1 μM. Its specific activity, based on calcineurin concentration determined by quantitative analysis of Western blots exposed to anti‐bovine brain IgG, is ten to twenty times that of purified rat brain calcineurin assayed under similar conditions. Unlike the purified enzyme it is rapidly and irreversibly inactivated in a time‐, temperature‐, and Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent fashion without evidence of extensive proteolytic degradation. The enzyme is converted to a state which does not lose activity by removal of low molecular weight material by gel filtration. Reconstitution of a labile enzyme is achieved by the addition of the low molecular weight‐containing fraction eluted from the gel filtration column. These observations indicate that calcineurin in crude brain extracts is under the control of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent positive and negative regulatory mechanisms which involve unidentified endogenous factor(s).
Does Vav bind to F‐actin through a CH domain?
Authors: Castresana Jose , Saraste Matti
Published: May 2003

An actin‐binding protein domain we call here ‘calponin‐homology’ or CH is present in signalling proteins such as Vav which are involved in activation and inactivation of small G‐proteins. Using profile methods, we have detected two repeats of this domain in the actin‐binding region of α‐actinin and related proteins. Based on this, we propose that CH domain in Vav and other signalling proteins is employed for association with filamentous actin, and that this function correlates with their control on the G‐proteins Rac and Rho which are involved in the organization of cytoskeleton.
Insulin‐dependent translocation of the small GTP‐binding protein rab3C in cardiac muscle: studies on insulin‐resistant Zucker rats
Authors: Uphues Ingo , Chern Yijuang , Eckel Jürgen
Published: May 2003

The failure of insulin‐regulated recruitment of the GLUT4 glucose transporter in cardiac muscle of obese Zucker rats is associated with alterations of the subcellular distribution of the small‐molecular‐mass GTP‐binding protein rab4A. Here, we show by subcellular fractionation and Western blotting a translocation of the small‐molecular‐mass GTP‐binding protein rab3C from microsomal membranes to plasma membranes in lean control rats following in vivo insulin stimulation. However, in cardiac muscle of obese animals no significant effect of the hormone on the subcellular distribution of rab3C was observed. In GLUT4‐enriched membrane vesicles, obtained from cardiac microsomes of the obese group as well as of lean controls, rab3C was not detectable. It is suggested that the altered behaviour of rab3C may contribute to an impaired trafficking of GLUT4 in the insulin‐resistant state.
A reinvestigation of the covalent structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c peroxidase
Authors: Samyn Bart , Van Craenenbroeck Kathleen , De Smet Lina , Vandenberghe Isabel , Pettigrew Graham , Van Beeumen Jozef
Published: May 2003

The amino acid sequence of cytochrome c peroxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been determined using classical chemical degradation techniques combined with accurate mass analysis of all the generated peptides. The sequence obtained is composed of 346 amino acids and confirms the recently published cDNA‐derived sequence except at one position [Ridout et al. (1995) FEBS Lett. 365, 152–154]. Based on this sequence, we propose a new model for the binding of the peroxide and the cytochrome electron donor to CCP which is in essence the reverse of the one proposed by Ellfolk et al. [Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1080 (1991) 175–178].
Isolation of CF0CF1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cw15 and the N‐terminal amino acid sequences of the CF0CF1 subunits
Authors: Fiedler Heike R. , Schmid Roland , Leu Stefan , Shavit Noun , Strotmann Heinrich
Published: May 2003

CF0CF1 was isolated from chloroplasts of the cell wall‐deficient Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain cw15. The subunit pattern was analyzed by SDS‐gel electrophoresis and the N‐terminal amino acid sequences of all nine subunits were determined by microsequencing. The amino acid sequences of subunits α, β, γ and ϵ match with those derived from the corresponding Chlamydomonas DNA sequences. In variance with the previously assumed N‐terminus of β; however, it was found that the first 11 amino acids are lacking. The subunits δ, I, II, III and IV were identified by comparison with known sequences of homologous polypeptides of higher plant chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, respectively.
Rapid purification of a functionally active plant sucrose carrier from transgenic yeast using a bacterial biotin acceptor domain
Authors: Stolz Jürgen , Darnhofer-Demar Brigitte , Sauer Norbert
Published: May 2003

A rapid and efficient method has been used for the purification of a Plantago major sucrose carrier from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The C‐terminal fusion of a bacterial biotin acceptor domain to the carrier protein did not interfere with the targeting to the yeast plasma membrane nor with the catalytic activity of the sucrose carrier. The chimeric construct is biotinylated by yeast cells in vivo and represents the only biotinylated protein in yeast membranes. Solubilized biotinylated carrier protein binds selectively to immobilized monomeric avidin and can be eluted as pure protein with free biotin. The purified protein is functionally active and catalyzes the energy‐dependent transport of sucrose into proteoliposomes.
Low temperature persistence of type I antifreeze protein is mediated by cold‐specific mRNA stability
Authors: Duncker Bernard P. , Koops M.Derek , Walker Virginia K. , Davies Peter L.
Published: May 2003

In winter flounder, the levels of type I antifreeze protein (AFP) and its mRNA vary seasonally by as much as 1000‐fold. Elevated levels in the fall are prompted by the loss of long day‐lengths, while higher spring temperatures correlate with AFP clearance. We have investigated the role of temperature on AFP accumulation using transgenic Drosophila melanogaster by expressing multiple AFP genes under control of the heat‐inducible hsp70 promoter. AFP and AFP mRNA persisted far longer in files reared at 10°C compared to 22°C. This difference appears to be mediated by cold‐specific mRNA stability since no such temperature effect was observed with either an endogenous heat‐inducible mRNA or a constitutively expressed mRNA.
Induction of proteins in response to cold acclimation of rainbow trout cells
Authors: Yamashita Michiaki , Ojima Nobuhiko , Sakamoto Tatsuya
Published: May 2003

The in vitro translation of poly(A)‐RNA isolated from control and cold‐treated cells showed that low temperatures induced changes in the population of translatable mRNAs. When cellular proteins extracted from cold‐treated cells were subjected to two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, the 70 kDa protein was found to be synthesized during the cold treatment. N‐terminal sequence analysis showed that the 70 kDa cold‐inducible protein was a homolog of the mammalian valosin‐containing protein and yeast CDC48p. The changes in mRNA and protein contents during cold acclimation may result from the expression of genes involved in the adjustment of cellular metabolism to low temperature or the induced proteins may be directly involved in the cold acclimation.
Anti‐head and anti‐tail antibodies against distinct epitopes in the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A Use in the study of the kinase splitting membranal proteinase KSMP
Authors: Chestukhin Anton , Litovchick Larisa , Batkin Misha , Shaltiel Shmuel
Published: May 2003

Protein kinases share a considerable sequence homology in their catalytic core (residues 40–300 in PKA). Each core is flanked by “head” and “tail” segments at its amino‐ and carboxy‐termini, which are different in the various kinases. These end segments may play an important role in creating the preferential affinity of each kinase for its physiological substrates or regulatory ligands. Here we describe three anti‐peptide antibodies (αP‐1, αP‐2, and αP‐3) that specifically recognize the head and tail segments of the catalytic subunit (C) of PKA. (i) αP‐1 (against 6A‐K23) react with C when denatured but not when in its native structure; (ii) αP‐2 (against 319K‐I335), bind to the site in C cleaved by the kinase splitting membranal proteinase (KSMP) and inhibit this cleavage of C; (iii) αP‐3 (against 338S‐F350) react with C but not with the KSMP cleavage product C′, useful for detecting a KSMP‐like activity in different tissues and subcellular loci. The combined use of the antibodies described here provides a strict definition of C, and thus a high degree of fidelity in its biorecognition.
Competing on design quality: A strategic planning approach for product quality with the use of a control theoretic model
Authors: Kouvelis Panagiotis , Mukhopadhyay Samar K.
Published: May 2003

Design quality is a strategic variable, a dimension for product differentiation, which can effectively be used to edge out competition and increase market share. Planning for design quality should be based on sound analysis because of the serious effects on the firm's profitability. The decision about design quality is also interlinked with that about price. In this paper, we develop a control theoretic model that can effectively support the strategic planning process for design quality and price. The idea behind the optimal control formulation is to use the design quality level and the price as the control variables to maximize the discounted net present value of the total profit over the life of the product. Managerial insights through analytical results are obtained on the form of the optimal design quality and pricing policies. An extensive set of numerical experiments helped us to gain useful insights on the effects of various model parameters on the optimal policies.