bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the UK Green Deal in Shaping Pro-Environmental Behaviours: Insights from Two Case Studies
Authors: Howarth Candice , Roberts Ben M.
Published: June 2018

Domestic energy use accounts for more than a quarter of total energy use in the United Kingdom (UK), with space and water heating accounting for almost 80% of this consumption. Energy efficiency is often the simplest and most cost-effective way of reducing energy use, and improving domestic energy efficiency can contribute significantly to reducing the UK’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A significant proportion of the UK’s energy stock remains inefficient, and over 80% of current housing stock will still be standing in 2050. Therefore, retrofitting existing buildings is fundamental to achieving energy efficiency improvements in the domestic sector. In order to reduce carbon emissions and improve domestic energy efficiency, the UK government launched the Green Deal in 2013 to improve the energy efficiency in buildings in the UK, reduce emissions from homes by 29%, and help meet carbon reduction targets. It aimed to overcome existing perceived barriers to the adoption of energy efficiency measures in the home and enable households and businesses to make energy-saving improvements to their properties, delivering a range of important benefits to the owner/occupier as a result. This paper critically assesses the impact of the Green Deal in shaping pro-environmental behaviours by drawing on two case studies. Lessons learnt from the UK’s Green Deal energy policy are presented, and implications for the UK government’s role in shaping energy policy and pro-environmental behaviours are considered.
The Role of SMEs’ Green Business Models in the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy: Differences in Their Design and Degree of Adoption Stemming from Business Size
Authors: Quintás María A. , Martínez-Senra Ana I. , Sartal Antonio
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how SMEs define the components of their business models (value proposition, creation and capture) from the point of view of decarbonization. We analyze SMEs as a group, and study whether their size affects this process and, in both cases, we examine evolution over time. We use a database comprising 1161 observations of SMEs, 466 in 2014, and 695 in 2016. The results show that SMEs’ value propositions give an intermediate valuation to both legally required and voluntary reduction of environmental impact, irrespective of SME size and the year analyzed. Regarding value creation, SMEs adopt practically no environmental practices, and there are significant differences according to size, with more difficulties than advantages stemming from small size. The study also shows that such environmental practices are not effective in reducing carbon. This diagnosis indicates that SMEs need help from the administration if they are to play a key role in the process of transformation toward a low-carbon economy. Legislative actions involving harsher environmental protection measures might help shape value propositions that place greater importance on reducing environmental impact, whereas training actions on available environmental techniques, promotion of research on how to adapt such techniques to SMEs and the development of specific practices for SMEs might enhance environmental value creation and capture in their BMs.
Visualizing Viral Infection In Vivo by Multi-Photon Intravital Microscopy
Authors: Sewald Xaver
Published: June 2018

Viral pathogens have adapted to the host organism to exploit the cellular machinery for virus replication and to modulate the host cells for efficient systemic dissemination and immune evasion. Much of our knowledge of the effects that virus infections have on cells originates from in vitro imaging studies using experimental culture systems consisting of cell lines and primary cells. Recently, intravital microscopy using multi-photon excitation of fluorophores has been applied to observe virus dissemination and pathogenesis in real-time under physiological conditions in living organisms. Critical steps during viral infection and pathogenesis could be studied by direct visualization of fluorescent virus particles, virus-infected cells, and the immune response to viral infection. In this review, I summarize the latest research on in vivo studies of viral infections using multi-photon intravital microscopy (MP-IVM). Initially, the underlying principle of multi-photon microscopy is introduced and experimental challenges during microsurgical animal preparation and fluorescent labeling strategies for intravital imaging are discussed. I will further highlight recent studies that combine MP-IVM with optogenetic tools and transcriptional analysis as a powerful approach to extend the significance of in vivo imaging studies of viral pathogens.
Ticks and Tick-Borne Infections: Complex Ecology, Agents, and Host Interactions
Authors: Wikel Stephen K.
Published: June 2018

Ticks transmit the most diverse array of infectious agents of any arthropod vector. Both ticks and the microbes they transmit are recognized as significant threats to human and veterinary public health. This article examines the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of ticks and the infections they transmit; the emergence of novel tick-borne pathogens, increasing geographic range and incidence of tick-borne infections; and advances in the characterization of tick saliva mediated modulation of host defenses and the implications of those interactions for transmission, establishment, and control of tick infestation and tick-borne infectious agents.
Extrapolation of Leaf Measurements to Obtain the Whole-Canopy Transpiration of C3 and C4 Xerophytic Shrubs
Authors: Jin Yanxia , Wang Xinping , Zhang Yafeng , Pan Yanxia , Hu Rui
Published: June 2018

Quantifying the water balance within areas with sparse vegetation requires frequent measurement of transpiration in water-limited, arid, desert ecosystems. Field experiments were conducted in Shapotou, northwestern China, to examine the feasibility of up-scaling the transpiration of C3 and C4 xerophytic shrubs (Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerina, respectively) from the leaf to the canopy level throughout the growing season in 2015. The large weighing lysimeter method and LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis system were used to make relatively long-term measurements of transpiration. The results indicated that meteorological factors coupled with stomatal conductance affected the transpiration rate of the two shrubs at the leaf level, and that the vapor pressure deficit other than net radiation and the air temperature affected the transpiration rate of S. passerina at the canopy level. Precipitation and vegetation characteristics determined the transpiration amount of the C3 and C4 xerophytic shrubs. The leaf gas exchange measurements were arithmetically scaled up to the canopy level based on the leaf area. The validity of the extrapolation was evaluated by comparing the upscale values of transpiration with the calculated values obtained from lysimeter measurement. The up-scaling approach accurately (±0.005 mm h−1, RMSE = 35%) obtained canopy transpiration from the leaf measurements. Our study suggests that the up-scaling method based on leaf area can be adopted to determine the canopy transpiration of C3 and C4 xerophytic shrubs in arid desert environments.
Parameter Estimation for Soil Water Retention Curve Using the Salp Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Zhenhua , Luo Xiong
Published: June 2018

This paper employs an optimization algorithm called the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) for the parameter estimation of the soil water retention curve model. The SSA simulates the behavior of searching for food of the salp swarm and manages to find the optimal solutions for optimization problems. In this paper, parameter estimation of the van Genuchten model based on nine soil samples, covering eight soil textures, is conducted. The optimization problem that minimizes the difference between the measured and the estimated water content is formulated, and the SSA is applied to solve this problem. To validate the competitive advantage of the SSA, the experimental results are compared with Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, the Differential Evolution algorithm and the RETC program, which indicates that SSA performs better than the three methods.
Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform – TIGER
Authors: Hübner Ursula , Shaw Toria , Thye Johannes , Egbert Nicole , Marin Heimar , Chang Polun , O’Connor Siobhán , Day Karen , Honey Michelle , Blake Rachelle , Hovenga Evelyn , Skiba Diane , Ball Marion
Published: June 2018

Background: While health informatics recommendations on competencies and education serve as highly desirable corridors for designing curricula and courses, they cannot show how the content should be situated in a specific and local context. Therefore, global and local perspectives need to be reconciled in a common framework.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study is therefore to empirically define and validate a framework of globally accepted core competency areas in health informatics and to enrich this framework with exemplar information derived from local educational settings.

Methods: To this end, (i) a survey was deployed and yielded insights from 43 nursing experts from 21 countries worldwide to measure the relevance of the core competency areas, (ii) a workshop at the International Nursing Informatics Conference (NI2016) held in June 2016 to provide information about the validation and clustering of these areas and (iii) exemplar case studies were compiled to match these findings with the practice. The survey was designed based on a comprehensive compilation of competencies from the international literature in medical and health informatics.

Results: The resulting recommendation framework consists of 24 core competency areas in health informatics defined for five major nursing roles. These areas were clustered in the domains “data, information, knowledge”, “information exchange and information sharing”, “ethical and legal issues”, “systems life cycle management”, “management” and “biostatistics and medical technology”, all of which showed high reliability values. The core competency areas were ranked by relevance and validated by a different group of experts. Exemplar case studies from Brazil, Germany, New Zealand, Taiwan/China, United Kingdom (Scotland) and the United States of America expanded on the competencies described in the core competency areas.

Conclusions: This international recommendation framework for competencies in health informatics directed at nurses provides a grid of knowledge for teachers and learner alike that is instantiated with knowledge about informatics competencies, professional roles, priorities and practical, local experience. It also provides a methodology for developing frameworks for other professions/disciplines. Finally, this framework lays the foundation of cross-country learning in health informatics education for nurses and other health professionals.
Hyper-reticulated calixarene polymers: a new example of entirely synthetic nanosponge materials
Authors: Spinella Alberto , Russo Marco , Di Vincenzo Antonella , Chillura Martino Delia , Lo Meo Paolo
Published: June 2018

New calixarene-based nanosponges (CaNSs), i.e., hyper-reticulated polymers constituted by calixarene monomer units joined by means of bis(1,2,3-trialzolyl)alkyl linkers, were synthesized, characterized and subjected to preliminary tests to assess their supramolecular absorption abilities towards a set of suitable organic guests, selected as pollutant models. The synthesis was accomplished by means of a CuAAC reaction between a tetrakis(propargyloxy)calix[4]arene and an alkyl diazide. The formation of the polymeric network was assessed by means of FTIR and 13C{1H} CP-MAS solid-state NMR techniques, whereas morphological characterization was provided by SEM microghaphy. The materials were proved to possess pH-dependent sequestration abilities, due to the presence of the weakly basic triazole linkers. Sequestration efficiency indeed depends on the effective occurrence of both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the guest and the polymer lattice. Thus, our CaNS nanosponges can be considered as a new class of purely synthetic smart absorbent materials.
Reflection of Fast Magnetosonic Waves near a Magnetic Reconnection Region
Authors: Provornikova E. , Laming J. M. , Lukin V. S.
Published: June 2018

Magnetic reconnection in the solar corona is thought to be unstable with the formation of multiple interacting plasmoids, and previous studies have shown that plasmoid dynamics can trigger MHD waves of different modes propagating outward from the reconnection site. However, variations in plasma parameters and magnetic field strength in the vicinity of a coronal reconnection site may lead to wave reflection and mode conversion. In this paper we investigate the reflection and refraction of fast magnetoacoustic waves near a reconnection site. Under a justified assumption of an analytically specified Alfvén speed profile, we derive and solve analytically the full wave equation governing the propagation of fast-mode waves in a non-uniform background plasma without recourse to the small wavelength approximation. We show that the waves undergo reflection near the reconnection current sheet due to the Alfvén speed gradient and that the reflection efficiency depends on the plasma-β parameter, as well as on the wave frequency. In particular, we find that waves are reflected more efficiently near reconnection sites in a low-β plasma, which is typical under solar coronal conditions. Also, the reflection is larger for lower-frequency waves while high-frequency waves propagate outward from the reconnection region almost without the reflection. We discuss the implications of efficient wave reflection near magnetic reconnection sites in strongly magnetized coronal plasma for particle acceleration, and also the effect this might have on first ionization potential (FIP) fractionation by the ponderomotive force of these waves in the chromosphere.
Low-mass Active Galactic Nuclei on the Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Activity
Authors: Qian Lei , Dong Xiao-Bo , Xie Fu-Guo , Liu Wenjuan , Li Di
Published: June 2018

It is widely known that in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs), there is a tight correlation among their radio luminosity (L

R
), X-ray luminosity (L
X), and BH mass (

), the so-called “fundamental plane” (FP) of BH activity. Yet the supporting data are very limited in the

regime between stellar mass (i.e., BHXBs) and 106.5

(namely, the lower bound of supermassive BHs in common AGNs). In this work, we developed a new method to measure the 1.4 GHz flux directly from the images of the VLA FIRST survey, and apply it to the type-1 low-mass AGNs in the Dong et al. sample. As a result, we obtained 19 new low-mass AGNs for FP research with both

estimates (

 ≈ 105.5–6.5

), reliable X-ray measurements, and (candidate) radio detections, tripling the number of such candidate sources in the literature. Most (if not all) of the low-mass AGNs follow the standard radio/X-ray correlation and the universal FP relation fitted with the combined data set of BHXBs and supermassive AGNs by Gültekin et al.; the consistency in the radio/X-ray correlation slope among those accretion systems supports the picture that the accretion and ejection (jet) processes are quite similar in all accretion systems of different

. In view of the FP relation, we speculate that the radio loudness

(i.e., the luminosity ratio of the jet to the accretion disk) of AGNs depends not only on Eddington ratio, but probably also on

.
Quantitative Spectroscopy of Supergiants in the Local Group Dwarf Galaxy IC 1613: Metallicity and Distance
Authors: Berger Travis A. , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Urbaneja Miguel A. , Bresolin Fabio , Gieren Wolfgang , Pietrzyński Grzegorz , Przybilla Norbert
Published: June 2018

We present a spectral analysis of 21 blue supergiant stars of spectral types late B to early A within the Local Group dwarf galaxy IC 1613, based on VLT Focal Reducer and Low Dispersion Spectrograph 2 low-resolution spectra. Combining our results with studies of early B-type blue supergiants, we report a wide bimodal distribution of metallicities with two peaks around [Z] ∼ −0.50 dex and [Z] ∼ −0.85 dex. The bimodal distribution correlates with spatial location, when compared with column densities of neutral hydrogen in IC 1613. While the low [Z] objects appear in regions of relatively high ISM H i column densities or close to them, the high [Z] supergiants are found in the central H i hole that is almost devoid of hydrogen. This suggests there are varied chemical evolution histories for the young stellar populations in IC 1613. Utilizing the flux-weighted gravity–luminosity relation, we determine IC 1613's distance modulus as m − M = 24.39 ± 0.11 mag. This value is in agreement within previous distance measurements using the near-infrared period–luminosity relationship of Cepheids and the tip of the red giant branch.
Analysis of quality of geographic support of foreign operations
Authors: Rada Josef
Published: June 2018

The article analyses activities of geographical support in missions abroad. The proposals for adjustment of processes and equipment during a preparation phase of perspective deployment of mobile geographic support unit were created on a basis of author's knowledge and experience, studies of documents and a discussion of participants in missions. The ISAF mission (currently Resolute Support mission) represents a model on which a future form of geographic support of national contingents in missions abroad is being developed. The brought up results represent a recommendation for further development of geospatial support of AČR in missions. The main conclusion is defining a need of position for a geographer within a mid-sized contingent and at a same time making use of a new mobile geographic set GeMoZ-C, which already complies with a majority of mentioned remarks.
Travail collaboratif et transformation de l’organisation scolaire. Le cas des dispositifs relais
Authors: Kherroubi Martine
Published: June 2018

Cet article porte sur l’évolution du travail éducatif (enseignement, encadrement, coordination et contrôle de l’action). En prenant appui sur les conditions du travail en dispositif relais, il examine les effets de l’élargissement de l’action enseignante : développement d’un cadre scolaire assoupli pour répondre aux particularités des élèves en difficulté ; élargissement de l’autonomie de conception et de contrôle des tâches ; accroissement des responsabilités dans l’organisation des activités et dans la mise en œuvre du travail collaboratif avec d’autres professionnels de l’éducation. L’émergence de configurations interprofessionnelles plus ou moins abouties et dissymétriques entre les enseignants et les personnels de direction, d’une part, et les diverses catégories de personnels intervenant dans le champ de l’animation, d’autre part, font notamment l’objet d’une analyse détaillée.
La construction située de collaborations interprofessionnelles en milieu scolaire. Le cas des éducateurs sociaux au sein des écoles primaires genevoises
Authors: Giuliani Frédérique
Published: June 2018

Il y a une dizaine d’années dans le canton de Genève, des éducateurs sociaux ont été introduits au sein des écoles primaires du REP. Cet article vise à interroger la construction de ce nouveau rôle éducatif sous l’angle des collaborations interprofessionnelles et de la division du travail qui se sont instaurées entre les éducateurs sociaux d’une part, et les enseignants et les directeurs d’école d’autre part. Il montre que si les prescriptions formelles imposent une activité de concertation entre enseignants, directeur et éducateurs dans la mise en œuvre du travail éducatif, la forme effective prise par ces collaborations interprofessionnelles s’opère ou se négocie en grande partie au regard des caractéristiques des situations concrètes. L’analyse distingue ainsi deux types de situations suscitant en effet le développement de formes collaboratives distinctes : les situations problématiques répertoriées, et les situations de crise.
Relier les indices de fécondité générale et par rang de naissance : application à l’Espagne pour les générations 1898 à 1970
Authors: Devolder Daniel
Published: June 2018

Cet article analyse les relations entre indices de fécondité générale et probabilités d’agrandissement par rang de naissance. Les premiers se réfèrent à toute la population, tandis que les seconds concernent les personnes qui ont eu le même nombre d’enfants. La relation entre ces deux types d’indices est établie en définissant une probabilité d’agrandissement moyenne. Ceci nous permet d’obtenir une échelle unifiée utile pour représenter ces deux types d’indices sur un même graphique. Cette probabilité moyenne peut aussi être utile pour les calculs de fécondité sur des effectifs réduits. Des applications à différents types de données par génération et par année sont présentées. Une décomposition des variations des indices de fécondité générale en fonction de la variation des probabilités, y compris la probabilité moyenne est également proposée. Ces relations et ces méthodes sont appliquées à la fécondité des générations espagnoles nées entre 1898 et 1970.
Exclusion du droit de vote des bénéficiaires de l’aide sociale en Finlande au début du xx e siècle
Authors: Einiö Elina K. , Wass Hanna , Heinonen Miia , Guerrouche Karine
Published: June 2018

La Finlande a été l’un des pays précurseurs de la démocratisation en Europe, accordant un droit de vote identique aux femmes et aux hommes dès 1906. En principe, tous les citoyens, quel que soit leur sexe ou leur classe sociale, étaient autorisés à voter ou se présenter à une élection. Toutefois, une fraction de la population adulte était exclue du suffrage : les bénéficiaires réguliers de l’aide sociale. Grâce à des microdonnées uniques à l’échelle internationale de plus de 19 000 personnes bénéficiant d’aide sociale, associées aux registres de population correspondants de deux provinces finlandaises, nous avons estimé dans quelle mesure la déchéance électorale de ces bénéficiaires pendant le scrutin parlementaire de 1911 a créé des disparités d’âge et de sexe parmi les votants. Nos résultats montrent qu’un pourcentage disproportionné de bénéficiaires privés de leurs droits électoraux étaient des femmes et, plus encore, des personnes âgées. L’analyse fournit de nouveaux éléments prouvant les effets discriminatoires cachés d’un des premiers dispositifs de protection sociale. Ce système constituait certes une aide pour les personnes âgées dans le besoin, mais en privait aussi un grand nombre de leur citoyenneté politique et entraînait une inégalité entre hommes et femmes en matière de droits fondamentaux.
Le prix du travail pénitentiaire : construire un compromis entre économie et correction morale
Authors: Simioni Melchior
Published: June 2018

Résume L’organisation économique interne des prisons s’inscrit au cœur d’une tension entre une rationalité pénitentiaire au service de la punition et de la correction morale et une rationalité économique qui vise à rationaliser le rapport aux richesses. À partir de l’analyse de sources historiques diverses sur les prisons françaises entre le milieu du xix e siècle et le milieu du xx e siècle (discours, règlements et séries statistiques), cet article se propose d’étudier, en lien avec cette tension, la formation du prix du travail pénitentiaire. Pour chacune des dimensions de l’économie carcérale – la production, la répartition du produit du travail et la consommation des prisonniers –, l’article montre comment les dispositifs de calcul du prix du travail pénitentiaire rendent possible un compromis entre ces deux positions morales contradictoires. Il propose ainsi une conception des prix comme un moyen de coordination, non plus entre une offre et une demande, mais entre des valeurs distinctes. L’article amorce en conclusion une réflexion sur les évolutions contemporaines du travail pénitentiaire à la lumière de la tension entre économie et correction morale.
L’espace professionnel infirmier : une analyse à partir du cas de la Suisse romande
Authors: Longchamp Philippe , Toffel Kevin , Bühlmann Felix , Tawfik Amal
Published: June 2018

Résume La profession infirmière connait une rapide croissance des effectifs dans tous les pays occidentaux. Avec la multiplication des secteurs extrahospitaliers, l’académisation des formations et l’instauration de hiérarchies propres, cette croissance s’accompagne d’un processus de différenciation horizontal autant que vertical. Dans un tel contexte, il convient de restituer les enjeux qui traversent la profession en tenant compte de l’ensemble de ses secteurs d’activité à l’échelle d’un territoire donné. Une analyse de correspondances multiples et une analyse de classification menées sur un échantillon représentatif d’infirmières de Suisse romande (n = 2 923) permet de dégager un espace infirmier dans lequel sont identifiées quatre fractions : les « dominantes médicales », les « dominées médicales », les « élites infirmières », les « hétérodoxes ». Chacune de ces fractions se caractérise par des représentations et pratiques spécifiques, que ce soit dans le domaine de la pratique des soins, de la production de savoirs ou encore de la relation avec la profession médicale.
Developing Students’ Skill to Identify Properties of Cognitive Control Systems
Authors: Poliakov Mykhailo , Morshchavka Sergii , Lozovenko Oksana
Published: June 2018

Scientific and technological progress has significantly changed the very process of developing technical devices and significantly complicated their principles. Many modern systems are designed with using knowledge-cognitive systems, and they themselves use hard-formalized and fuzzy rules, often based on big data. Accordingly, there is an urgent task of adapting the modern education system to these changes. Soon, knowledge can't be transferred to trained engineers within the framework of existing teaching technologies; the skills of using, extracting and transforming knowledge become the basis for promising technologies of continuous self-education. This article suggests a model of the structure of cognitive management systems based on control levels. The levels of this model reflect the procedures for transforming of knowledge forms. As practical steps to introduce such an educational approach for engineers, it is proposed to increase the amount of research work of students of technical specialties. The article contains examples of the formulation of problems requiring research in the study of physics, electrical engineering, signal processing and other disciplines. The most simple to implement is the use of a "black box" to conceal the structure of the object for investigation or use non-standard modes and settings of well-known devices, for example, ADCs. Also, approaches are considered for assessing quality of knowledge that obtained under the cognitive control system.
Teaching Concurrent Programming Concepts Using Scratch in Primary School: Methodology and Evaluation
Authors: Fatourou Eleni , Zygouris Nikolaos C , Loukopoulos Thanasis , Stamoulis Georgios I
Published: June 2018

Computer programming can help children develop problem solving and analytical skills. Thus, many countries have included computer science in the curriculum of primary school. Given differences in culture, available infrastructures, as well as the age pupils are introduced to computer science, forming a computer science curriculum still remains a challenge. Towards this end, this study focuses on ex-ploring the potential merits of introducing concurrent programming concepts ear-ly in the learning process. The basic premise is that although concurrent pro-gramming at its full details is a rather advanced topic even at university level, it is everyday practice to perform two or more tasks simultaneously that might need (or not) some sort of synchronization. Therefore, the tutor can capitalize on eve-ryday experience to explain basic concepts on concurrency. Such correlation be-tween life experience and concurrent programming challenges may expand the cognitive functions of the pupils and provide them with further background to improve analytical thinking. The proposed curriculum for fifth and sixth grade primary school was adopted in seven classes in Greece. Results indicate that un-initiated to programming pupils at the age of ten (fifth grade) were able to com-prehend basic concurrency topics, while pupils at the age of eleven (sixth grade) with some programming familiarity were able to understand more advanced concepts.
Voyages d’une reine bangwa dans l’imaginaire occidental
Authors: Murphy Maureen
Published: June 2018

De la région du Grassland au Cameroun à Berlin, de Paris, New York à Washington, puis de retour à Paris, la sculpture bangwa dont il est question ici changea maintes fois de statuts : d’objet religieux lié à un culte, elle devint un sujet d’étude ethnographique, le symbole de la soumission des peuples conquis du Cameroun pour être ensuite célébrée en tant qu’œuvre d’art d’exception. Son parcours dans l’imaginaire occidental est assez représentatif de l’histoire de la réception des arts d’Afrique en Occident et permet de repenser la perception de ces objets aujourd’hui, à l’heure où vient d’être inauguré, à Paris, le musée du quai Branly consacré aux arts d’Afrique, d’Amérique, d’Asie et d’Océanie.
Débats autour d’une origine. La fabrication, l’utilisation et l’appréhension des textiles ghanéens
Authors: Kraamer Malika
Published: June 2018

Depuis les années 1990, un vif débat a pris forme au Ghana sur l’origine du kente. Les discussions portent principalement sur l’antériorité du tissage Asante sur le tissage Ewe. Cette acitvité est très ancienne dans de nombreuses régions du Ghana, et les relations entre les régions de parler Ewe et celles de parler Twi remontent aussi loin que le xixe s. au moins. Cet article vise à déméler et à mettre en évidence de quelle manière revendications et appropriations de l’origine du kente sont localement répétés et comprises et, à travers cet exemple, comment s’élaborent perceptions locales et réécritures du passé. Pour élucider les paradoxes qui apparaissent clairement, une analyse plus particulière est faite des différentes façons de voir, d’expérimenter, d’interpréter et de mettre en jeu le passé dans un domaine où les récits s’opposent. Les narrations ne font pas que créer des scénarios cohérents qui agencent de manière articulée des significations partagées mais sont aussi remodelées par ces revendications âpres pour le contrôle et l’autorité dans l’interprétation recevable du passé.
The Secret Agent Society
Authors: Beaumont Renae , Hinton Sharon , Sofronoff Kate
Published: June 2018

In recent years, there has been a worldwide commitment to integrating technology into classrooms to train students in the computer skills they will need to be workforce ready. This chapter provides an overview of the Secret Agent Society – Whole of Class Project: a randomized controlled trial of a gaming-based social skills training curriculum that was conducted in Grade 5 classrooms throughout Australia. The chapter explores the content, structure, and delivery format of the social skills program, together with the design and implementation of an online teacher training course to accompany it. Teacher feedback on the online teacher training course is presented, together with recommendations for enhancing the design, implementation, and evaluation of future online professional development courses for school staff.
Investigation Into the Selection of Online Learning Platforms and Tools in Higher Education
Authors: Acquaro Paul Evan
Published: June 2018

Selecting and implementing the platforms and tools to support online learning effectively in higher education is currently a challenge for which there is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Finding the right balance between supporting strong pedagogy, offering training and support, providing data security and privacy, ensuring ease of use, among other factors, shape the decisions that leaders in higher education make as they develop and implement online learning environments. This chapter explores the results of a study conducted during the Fall of 2016 to better understand the efforts higher education experts undergo to develop online learning environments. The study considers the sometimes-competing pedagogical and pragmatic needs such efforts entail and seeks to identify trends and best practices.
The Rise of Darknet Markets in the Digital Age
Authors: Krylova Yulia
Published: June 2018

The last decade saw the rapid development and growth of online markets of illegal goods, known as darknet markets or cryptomarkets. This chapter explores recent trends in the development and evolution of these markets. In particular, the chapter analyzes specific mechanisms used by participants of darknet commerce to establish trust, build reputation, provide quality assurance, minimize fraud risks, and overcome potential violations of contracts. These mechanisms include a wide variety of different tools, such as clients' ratings of purchases, comments on transactions, vendors' track records, anonymous user forums, and online chat rooms that facilitate sharing and distribution of information about marketplaces. As this chapter shows, a distinctive feature of trust building in cryptomarkets is the widespread use of third parties, such as administrators of marketplaces and operators of forums. By providing escrow services and conflict-resolution mechanisms, they serve as “centers of trust” and guarantors against fraudulent activities.
Social Media
Authors: Mohammadi Elham , Masoumi Azam
Published: June 2018

This chapter examines the path of human interaction by using modern technologies. There are two sides: those in favor of using modern technologies and those who argue that modern technologies have unwanted, detrimental effects on people's lives and health. This chapter explores virtual communication's properties. It focuses on the impact that using social media instead of face-to-face interaction has on the users' health, specifically mental health. In this viewpoint, social media is not an alternative to face-to-face interaction but a complementary device that reminds us the vitality of interaction even with those who are physically unavailable to us.
Communication Accommodation Theory
Authors: Goodwin James M.
Published: June 2018

A lack of face-to-face interactions affects society while digital influences on the world create and sustain communications characterized by limited feedback, incomplete information, tentative connections, and misunderstandings. Thousands of digital messages lack the full communication components—sender-receiver-feedback—creating barriers to communication completion. The ability to adapt to the receiver and the medium is enhanced in face-to-face communication, as defined within communication accommodation theory (CAT). CAT allows all parties to emphasize or minimize differences in verbal and non-verbal conversations.
New Communication Technology Integration
Authors: Hersey Leigh Nanney , Schaefer Gayla
Published: June 2018

Communication is key in the public sector as governments aim to interact with and respond to their residents. Citizens often participated in government through face-to-face communication like town meetings. Today, digital communication has become increasingly important to improving government-citizen relations. The authors explore how governments are using Web 2.0 and mobile government (m-government) to spread information quickly. As governments implement these new communication tools, they must also consider ethical implications associated with technology. The research identifies the elements that lead to successful integration and the biggest barriers that government employees are facing during the transition.
Integration of Mission Into Assessment and Assurance of Learning Programs
Authors: Katuse Paul , Namada Juliana Mulaa , Wambalaba Francis W.
Published: June 2018

The concept of transnational education seems to have sprang from dormancy to heightened activity in the last three decades. Higher education institutions (HEI) have been growing and moving from one nation to another in pursuit of realization of certain set goals. These goals have a clear bearing on the mission of the institution. This chapter gives an overview of the perspectives open to HEI, it elaborates on the process of assessment of mission outcomes of an institution on the basis of its strategic fit between its resources and its environment. A more specific comparison of Baldridge criteria as a performance model with the business sector is explored; however, the basic assumption of the writers was that HEI are nonprofit-oriented organizations. Further, through a case study which is a university in Africa with historic connections to the US, the process of assessment is explained. It is through the experience which the team went through as the conducted the assessment that recommendations and conclusions were given.
Knowledge and Innovation Management
Authors: Gloet Marianne , Samson Danny
Published: June 2018

This qualitative research examined the relationship between knowledge management (KM) and systematic innovation capability in 16 Australian manufacturing and service organizations that exhibited both successful innovation and robust KM practices. A review of the literature indicated a number of areas where KM enhances and supports innovation capability. Using a multiple crosscase analysis methodology and applying a framework of systematic innovation capability, in-depth interviews were conducted with managers of the case study organizations. The analysis of the data revealed the main contributions of KM to systematic and sustained forms of innovation. Finally, a model of knowledge and innovation capability was developed to guide the development of knowledge and innovation management as a dynamic capability to support value capture, value creation, and value delivery from innovation.
Exploring Knowledge-Sharing Barriers and Their Implications
Authors: Yeşil Salih , Hırlak Bengü
Published: June 2018

This chapter focuses on knowledge-sharing barriers and their implications over knowledge sharing and individual innovative behavior and explores the role of knowledge sharing on individual innovative behavior. Considering limited studies in the literature, this study provides further evidences regarding the implications of knowledge-sharing barriers and knowledge sharing in the workplace. Data was collected from 83 academic staff in a higher education institution and analyzed with Smart PLS. The results showed that organization-related knowledge-sharing barriers were negatively related to knowledge sharing. The results also indicated that individual knowledge-sharing barriers had a negative effect on individual innovative behaviors. There was no link found in this study between knowledge sharing and individual innovative behavior. These findings provided empirical evidences to the further development of knowledge management and innovation research, and insights regarding how to better foster knowledge sharing and innovative behavior in academe.
Team and Individual Interactions With Reciprocity in Individual Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Endres Megan Lee , Chowdhury Sanjib
Published: June 2018

The study investigated the effects of expected reciprocity on knowledge sharing, as moderated by team and individual variables. Data (n = 84) were collected in an experimental study from undergraduate business student participants. The effects of expected reciprocity on knowledge sharing depend on the levels of individual competence, positive team attitudes, functional diversity, and demographic diversity. Implications include that the effectiveness of reciprocity in knowledge sharing depends on several factors relating to the team and individual. Encouraging reciprocity may have positive effects, but these can be overridden by poor team attitudes, low ability perceptions, and team diversity. Future research suggestions are offered.
Measuring the Relationship Among Learning Enablers and IT Project Success
Authors: McKay Donald Stuart , Ellis Timothy J.
Published: June 2018

Knowledge enablers exist at the organizational and project levels. There is, however, no meaningful means to measure organizational or project knowledge sharing. The need to understand the elements that enable this flow of knowledge is dramatically evidenced in information technology organizations in which insufficient knowledge sharing leads to intellectual capital loss, rework, skills deterioration, and repeated mistakes that increase project costs or failures. The goal of this chapter is to describe the relationships between knowledge sharing processes at the organizational—organizational learning enablers (OLEs)—and project levels—project learning enablers (PLEs)—with project success variables (PSVs).
Virtual Learning
Authors: Penland Jennifer L. , Laviers Kennard , Bassham Elbert , Nnochiri Victor
Published: June 2018

Virtual reality (VR) is now becoming a major player in education. When first introduced into schools, computer technology and multi-media content were riveted by its newness. Over time, more higher education institutions began to use newer technologies online or distance classes that could be taken from home. Unfortunately, many students have difficulty acquiring the same experience when learning with most classroom management software (CMS). Virtual reality technology is taking user involvement to the next level of immersion and is postured to change the landscape of education in a very significant way. This chapter examines methods of employing VR to maximize benefits to the student as well as the challenges and opportunities for using VR for distance learning. Finally, emerging research and developments in VR is discussed.
The Use of Course Management Systems in Pre-Service Teacher Education
Authors: Maher Damian
Published: June 2018

Course management systems (CMSs) have now become firmly embedded into pre-service teacher education courses in many universities around the world to support teaching and learning. This chapter investigates some of the features of CMSs and how they are being used. In investigating the use of CMSs, some of the theories/models that underpin online and blended learning including social presence, community of practice (CoP), and constructivism are investigated. Some of the key themes that are discussed in this chapter include blended and flipped learning and the use of analytics. Contemporary spaces such as Facebook and Google Classroom are also investigated.
The Individual and Behavioral Factors of Social Entrepreneurs
Authors: Fındıklı Mine Afacan , Yozgat Uğur
Published: June 2018

This chapter introduces the concept of social entrepreneurs and claims that some individual and behavioral factors contribute to social entrepreneurship. In this point of view, the purpose of this study is to highlight the leading individual and behavioral factors of the social entrepreneur. While exploring the theoretical framework, the theoretical foundations of social entrepreneurship and leading personality and behavioral characteristics have been investigated. The research is based on in-depth interviews with four participants to get a better understanding of the individual and behavioral factors of social entrepreneurs. As a result, the in-depth interviews showed that the social entrepreneurial potential encompass entrepreneurial motivations and psychological, social, managerial competencies. These dimensions contain self-motivation, self-efficacy, risk-taking, purposeful and success-oriented, strategic planning capacity, innovation capacity, social capital capacity, leadership capacity, resilience, resistance to uncertainty, conflict management capacity, and political maneuver capacity.
Towards Cooperative With Competitive Alliance
Authors: Huda Miftachul , Qodriah Sari Laelatul , Rismayadi Budi , Hananto Aprilia , Kardiyati Endah Nurhawaeny , Ruskam Aminuddin , Nasir Badlihisham Mohd
Published: June 2018

The advantage of competitive atmosphere in business has a significant role in helping to enhance productivity. It is necessary to empower competitive awareness with cooperative engagement to give clear understanding for core guideline and insightful view on promoting social entrepreneurship. This chapter attempts to explore the initiated engagement between cooperative and competitive concern paid attention in the particular way among the firms along with increasing popularity to achieve certain objectives like growing the business with entrepreneurship. The finding reveals that attracting growing amounts of cooperative and competitive alliance should be strengthened to gain the feedback and insights into performance value in social entrepreneurship where this is eventually integrated with the entrepreneurship in a way that underlies the value to run the potential business. This chapter is supposed to contribute significant insights into exploring the key role of strategies to give the beneficial feedback to perform continuous improvement in social entrepreneurship.
Value Creation Through Social Change
Authors: Tayşir Nurgül Keleş
Published: June 2018

The social entrepreneur's role in creating social change has been emphasized in the literature. These individuals offer new solutions to society's problems and by doing that they transform the existing institutions. However, there is limited information how these change agents generate value and cause a transformation in society. This chapter tries to identify how a social entrepreneur, individually, has a potential to cause social change. In order to give information about the process of value creation an Ashoka Fellow from Turkey has been selected. Gender inequality and violence against women might be one of the important issues that have to be solved in the country. The selected fellow empowers women by creating social value and advancing social change in Turkey.
Impact of Product Presentation on Purchase Intention
Authors: Kala Devkant , Chaubey D. S.
Published: June 2018

Effective visual product presentation gives consumers a sense of appropriateness and supplementary perceptible experience to lessen the degree of apparent risk, compensate the absence of sensory attributes, and offer delightful online shopping experiences. The purchase of lifestyle products has become a matter of happiness to consumers that is convincingly regulated by the mood. Mood—a direct indicator of the subjective wellbeing—plays a prominent role in consumers' purchase behavior. This chapter attempts to examine the impact of product presentation on purchase intention of lifestyle products and moderating role of mood by obtaining data from 356 Indian online shoppers. Results revealed that mood moderates the impact of product presentation on purchase intention in online shopping context. The study recommends that marketers must offer pleasant and lively virtual product experiences for creating favorable shopping atmospherics and encouraging consumers' purchase intention.