bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Holistic Model Proposal to Better Understand Mobile Purchases
Authors: Agrebi Sinda
Published: May 2021

This research suggests a model to explain mobile purchase intention via smartphones based on the technology acceptance model to which specific variables to the m-commerce context were added: perceived risk, innovativeness, ubiquity, and trust in mobile internet. To that aim, a quantitative study was conducted with 400 French mobile users (200 buyers and 200 non-buyers) and was based on a purchase simulation of a train ticket on a mobile site up to the point of payment. The results show that the usefulness (explained by the innovativeness, the ubiquity and trust toward mobile Internet) and the perceived risk (explained by the innovativeness) have an impact on the intention to use unlike the perceived ease of use.
Exploring the Effects of Blended Learning, Flipped Learning, and Online Remedial Teaching on Improving Students' Learning Performance and Motivation
Authors: Chao Hsiao-Wen , Wu Chien-Chih , Tsai Chia-Wen
Published: May 2021

The maturation of digital and technological learning in recent years has prompted a global transformation of teaching approaches. The aim of this research is to effectively improve students' learning motivation and their performance of dance skills. Through a quasi-experimental research design, teaching research was conducted with four different teaching approaches including blended learning (BL), flipped learning (FL), online remedial teaching (ORT), and traditional teaching during an 18-week term. The subjects of study were 199 university students in four sections of a dance course. Analysis based on the research results shows that BL is significantly more effective than FL in improving the learning effects of students 'dance skills; it is also significantly more effective than ORT and traditional teaching in improving students' learning motivation, and student reaction to two aspects, “value” and “expectancy.” In addition, students receiving FL not only have better “task value” than students receiving ORT.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Branding
Authors: Varsha P. S.  , Akter Shahriar , Kumar Amit , Gochhait Saikat , Patagundi Basanna
Published: May 2021

Understanding the growth paths of artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on branding is extremely pertinent of technology-driven marketing. This explorative research covers a complete bibliometric analysis of the impact of AI on branding. The sample for this research included all 117 articles from the period of 1982-2019 in the Scopus database. A bibliometric study was conducted using co-occurrence, citation analysis and co-citation analysis. The empirical analysis investigates the value propositions of AI on branding. The study revealed the nine clusters of co-occurrence: Social Media Analytics and Brand Equity; Neural Networks and Brand Choice; Chat Bots-Brand Intimacy; Twitter, Facebook, Instagram-Luxury Brands; Interactive Agent-Brand Love and User Choice; Algorithm Recommendations and E-Brand Experience; User-Generated Content-Brand Sustainability; Brand Intelligence Analytics; and Digital Innovations and Brand Excellence. The findings also identify four clusters of citation analysis—Social Media Analysis and Brand Photos, Network Analysis and E-Commerce, Hybrid Simulating Modelling, and Real-time Knowledge-Based Systems—and four clusters of co-citation analysis: B2B Technology Brands, AI Fostered E-Brands, Information Cascades and Online Brand Ratings, and Voice Assistants-Brand Eureka Moments. Overall, the study presents the patterns of convergence and divergence of themes, narrowing to the specific topic, and multidisciplinary engagement in research, thus offering the recent insights in the field of AI on branding.
How Does Social Media Use Influence the Relationship Between Emotional Labor and Burnout?
Authors: Nam Taewoo , Kabutey Richard
Published: May 2021

This study used data from an online questionnaire survey of public employees in Ghana and examined the relationship between emotional labor (surface acting and deep acting) and burnout (emotional exhaustion), as well as the moderating-mediating effects of social media use on that relationship. Surface acting has been found to be a stronger predictor of burnout than deep acting. Social media use reinforces the influence of surface acting on burnout but does not moderate the relationship between deep acting and burnout. Social media use mediates the relationship between deep acting and burnout, whereas a mediation effect is not found between surface acting and burnout. These findings suggest that public agencies should develop strategies to decrease stress arising from emotional labor and understand the relationship between emotional labor and social media use.
Can Social Networks Improve User Subjective Wellbeing?
Authors: Uddin Md. Aftab , Mahmood Monowar , Ostrovskiy Alexandr , Hwang Ha Jin
Published: May 2021

Based on the tenets of the uses and gratifications theory (UGT) of media, this study investigates the impact of information gratifications on the subjective wellbeing of social network users in a central Asian country. Data from 244 adolescents were collected using a convenience sampling method. The study reveals the effect of information gratifications on subjective wellbeing, though this influence appears to be moderated by user habits in terms of passion and obsession toward social network use. Furthermore, personality traits have a significant moderating influence on the relationship between information gratifications and subjective wellbeing. Using the empirical findings, this study offers recommendations to mitigate the negative effects of social networks on users' subjective wellbeing.
A Proposed Framework for Developing an Electronic Medical Record System
Authors: Xanthidis Dimitrios , Xanthidou Ourania Koutzampasopoulou
Published: May 2021

The deployment of an electronic medical records (EMR) raises several important issues. Those addressed in this study are the access to such a system, the satisfaction on the security and authorization protocols to follow, the awareness of backup and recovery mechanisms in place, and the appreciation of the training of the IT staff. This qualitative study took place in the natural setting of the medical units' environments. A purposive sample of 40 professionals in Greece and Oman was used. The study underlines that the patients should have access to their records, whereas for the pharmacists the professionals' views are seriously divided. Every other person's access to such a record should be restricted and recorded. The professionals are satisfied with the security level, the ICTs training, and the backup and recovery mechanism in place. They almost all admitted there is an authorization schema followed to access the EMR. The main contribution of the study is the proposal of a framework of policies and procedures for the development of such a system.
Value Chain Creation in Business Analytics
Authors: Yoo Dong , Roh James J.
Published: May 2021

Firms are awash in big data and analytical technology as part of the process of deriving values in the current turbulent environment. The literature has reached a consensus that investments in technology only may not reap benefits from business analytics (BA). As such, the main purpose of BA is not about how to install technical capabilities, but about how to create a process whereby a firm builds a value chain converting data into insights and ultimately into quality outcomes. Drawing upon the theory of the information value chain, this study develops a BA value chain creation model and tests it with 268 firms. Results show that organizational resilience, absorptive capacity, and analytical IT capabilities are critical antecedents of analytical decision-making quality, which in turn influences BA net benefits. In particular, organizational resilience emerges as a more significant determinant of analytical decision-making quality than technology and people in the BA value chain creation. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed in this paper.
An Empirical Study on Innovation Ecosystem, Technological Trajectory Transition, and Innovation Performance
Authors: Sun Yu , Li Ling , Chen Yong , Kataev Mikhail Yu
Published: May 2021

This paper explores technological trajectory transition in the perspective of innovation ecosystem and their effect on innovation performance of latecomers in market. A structural equation model is developed and tested with data collected from 366 firms in China. In specific, this paper categories technological trajectory transition creative accumulative technological trajectory transition (CCT) and creative disruptive technological trajectory transition (CDT). The results indicate that firms' organizational learning ability positively affect their technological trajectory transition and innovation performance. Firms' network relationship strength negatively affects their technological trajectory transition and positively affect their innovation performance. Governments' environmental concerns positively affect firms' technological trajectory transition and their innovation performance, whereas firms' environmental concerns do not. CCT does not positively affect their innovation performance. In contrast, CDT positively affects their innovation performance.
Investment Advantages of Broiler Production Using the Partnership System: A Study in Indonesia
Authors: Wantasen E , Umboh S J.K. , Leke J R
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Broiler business with independent pattern in Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi often experiences problems with input and output price fluctuations. Therefore, farmers try to collaborate in partnership with companies that have better capital and technology. An evaluation needs to be carried out whether partnership model of broiler businessin North Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province is financially beneficial or not.Research Method: The research was a case study performed in UD. Matuari Waya, the only broiler farming entities in District of Kalawat, Regency of North Minahasa, of which was partnered with a national-scale husbandry company, Charoen Phokpand Ltd. Data were analyzed through business feasibility scope using analysis of investment criteria and sensitivity model.Findings: Partnership model was financially beneficial to be developed further, by NPV value of IDR.1,487,877,624 (US$101,909.43), net B/C, of 1.219, internal rate of return of 63.18% and the payback period within 1 year & 7 months. Moreover, the result of sensitivity analysis shows that: if price of broiler declined about 15% and operational cost was increased of 12%, the broiler business could still be performed. Nonetheless, whereas broiler’s production declined for 10%, this partnership was non-feasible to be developed since the value of NPV was negative and net B/C was lower than 1.Research Limitations: This study was constrained by the limited broiler breeders with partnership pattern in Kalawat District as the region with the largest broiler population.Originality/Value: The results provide new information on business development standards for broiler chicken partnerships in the context of a decline in output price, decrease of broiler production and an increase in inputs price.
In vitro Starch Hydrolysis Indices of selected Sri Lankan Starchy Tubers
Authors: Gamage U.G.S.A. , Kumari D.W.M.M.M. , Senavirathna R.M.I.S.K. , Rathish D
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The importance of glycaemic indices (GI) of starchy foods originates from its linkage with type 2 diabetes mellitus. GI of food items is measured by in vivo method which carries a degree of discomfort. We aim to find the in vitro hydrolysis index (HI) of selected starchy tubers in Sri Lanka.Research Method: The degree of hydrolysis for selected tubers was determined by in vitro starch digestion using the proportion of starch converted into maltose. The HI values of six selected tubers were calculated using the ratio between incremental areas under the hydrolysis curve for the tested tubers and the reference food (white bread).Findings: Among the selected tubers, arrowroot had the highest percentage of hydrolysis within the first 30 minutes. There was a significant difference in the percentage of hydrolysis between 60-90 minutes for the selected tubers and white bread. The HI for arrowroot, cassava, potato, purple yam, sweet potato and white yam were 84 ± 6, 114 ± 9, 89 ± 10, 74 ± 4, 104 ± 7 and 69 ± 7 respectively.Originality/Value: The HI of the selected Sri Lankan starchy tubers will be of value in future large-scale studies on traditional tubers and to predict the GI of the starchy tubers.
Acquired Resistance Mechanism of EGFR Kinase Domain Duplication to EGFR TKIs in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lee Chaelin , Kim Miso , Kim Dong-Wan , Kim Tae Min , Kim Soyeon , Im Sun-Wha , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Keam Bhumsuk , Ku Ja-Lok , Heo Dae Seog
Published: May 2021

Purpose Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase domain duplication (EGFR-KDD) is a rare and poorly understood oncogenic mutation in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to investigate the acquired resistance mechanism of EGFR-KDD against EGFR-TKIs.Materials and Methods We identified EGFR-KDD in tumor tissue obtained from a patient with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma and established the patient-derived cell line SNU-4784. We also established several EGFR-KDD Ba/F3 cell lines: EGFR-KDD wild type (EGFR-KDDWT), EGFR-KDD domain 1 T790M (EGFR-KDDD1T), EGFR-KDD domain 2 T790M (EGFR-KDDD2T), and EGFR-KDD both domain T790M (EGFR-KDDBDT). We treated the cells with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and performed cell viability assays, immunoblot assays, and ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea) mutagenesis screening.Results In cell viability assays, SNU-4784 cells and EGFR-KDDWT Ba/F3 cells were sensitive to 2nd generation and 3rd generation EGFR TKIs. In contrast, the T790M-positive EGFR-KDD Ba/F3 cell lines (EGFR-KDDT790M) were only sensitive to 3rd generation EGFR TKIs. In ENU mutagenesis screening, we identified the C797S mutation in kinase domain 2 of EGFR-KDDBDT Ba/F3 cells. Based on this finding, we established an EGFR-KDD domain 1 T790M/domain 2 cis-T790M+C797S (EGFR-KDDT/T+C) Ba/F3 model, which was resistant to EGFR TKIs and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody combined with EGFR TKIs.Conclusion Our study reveals that the T790M mutation in EGFR-KDD confers resistance to 1st and 2nd generation EGFR TKIs, but is sensitive to 3rd generation EGFR TKIs. In addition, we identified that the C797S mutation in kinase domain 2 of EGFR-KDDT790M mediates a resistance mechanism against 3rd generation EGFR TKIs.
Self-joinings for 3-IETs
Authors: Chaika Jon , Eskin Alex
Published: May 2021

We show that typical interval exchange transformations on three intervals are not 2-simple answering a question of Veech. Moreover, the set of self-joinings of almost every 3-IET is a Poulsen simplex.
Mapping Schistosoma haematobium for Novel Interventions against Female Genital Schistosomiasis and Associated HIV Risk in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Livingston Mahala , Pillay Pavitra , Zulu Siphosenkosi Gift , Sandvik Leiv , Kvalsvig Jane Dene , Gagai Silindile , Galappaththi-Arachchige Hashini Nilushika , Kleppa Elisabeth , Ndhlovu Patricia , Vennervald Birgitte , Gundersen Svein Gunnar , Taylor Myra , Kjetland Eyrun F.
Published: May 2021

Women with female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) have been found to have genital symptoms and a three-fold higher risk of HIV infection. Despite WHO recommendations, regular antischistosomal mass drug administration (MDA) has not yet been implemented in South Africa possibly because of the lack of updated epidemiological data. To provide data for future prevention efforts against FGS and HIV, this study explored Schistosoma haematobium prevalence in girls and young women and the effects of antischistosomal MDA, respectively. Urinary schistosomiasis and genital symptoms were investigated in 70 randomly selected secondary schools in three districts within KwaZulu-Natal and 18 primary schools. All study participants were treated for schistosomiasis, and schools with the highest urinary prevalence were followed up after 1 and 4 years of MDA. At baseline, urine analysis data showed that most schools were within the moderate-risk prevalence category where biennial antischistosomal MDA is recommended, as per WHO guidelines. Young women had high prevalence of genital symptoms (36%) after correcting for sexually transmitted infections. These symptoms may be caused by infection with schistosomes. However, FGS cannot be diagnosed by urine analysis alone. In KwaZulu-Natal rural schools, this study suggests that antischistosomal MDA with praziquantel could prevent genital symptoms in more than 200,000 young women. Furthermore, it is feasible that more than 5,000 HIV infections could be prevented in adolescent girls and young women by treatment and prevention of FGS.
Waterborne Urinary Tract Infections: Have We Overlooked an Important Source of Exposure?
Authors: Graham Jay P. , Amato Heather K. , Mendizabal-Cabrera Renata , Alvarez Danilo , Ramay Brooke M.
Published: May 2021

The presence of intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in drinking water is well recognized as a risk for diarrhea. The role of drinking water in extraintestinal infections caused by E. coli—such as urinary tract infections (UTIs)—remains poorly understood. Urinary tract infections are a leading cause of outpatient infections globally, with a lifetime incidence of 50–60% in adult women. We reviewed the scientific literature on the occurrence of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) in water supplies to determine whether the waterborne route may be an important, overlooked, source of UPEC. A limited number of studies have assessed whether UPEC isolates are present in drinking water supplies, but no studies have measured whether their presence in water may increase UPEC colonization or the risk of UTIs in humans. Given the prevalence of drinking water supplies contaminated with E. coli across the globe, efforts should be made to characterize UTI-related risks associated with drinking water, as well as other pathways of exposure.
Molecular Detection of Human Herpes Viruses in Suspected Measles Serum Samples from Senegal, 2014 to 2017
Authors: Jallow Mamadou Malado , Fall Amary , Wade Serigne Fallou , Fall Ndeye Sophie , Kiori Davy , Sy Sara , Sadio Bacary Djilocalisse , Diaw Yague , Goudiaby Déborah , Diop Boly , Niang Mbayame Ndiaye , Dia Ndongo
Published: May 2021

Herpesviruses are known to cause a diversity of clinical syndromes, ranging from minor cutaneous lesions to life-threatening illnesses, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we investigate retrospectively the contribution of five human herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus Cytomegalovirus (CMV), the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6, and varicella zoster virus (VZV) in serum samples collected from measles suspected patients with at least fever and rash. Sera specimens were first tested for serological evidence of measles and rubella virus infection by ELISA, and DNA extracted from an aliquot of each clinical specimen for molecular detection of human herpes viruses by RT-qPCR. A total of 3,358 specimens have been collected and tested for herpes viruses. Nearly half of the overall suspected cases were children younger than 5 years (49.4%). Of the 3,358 sera tested by ELISA, 227 (6.7%) were measles laboratory confirmed and 152 (4.5%) rubella laboratory confirmed. Herpes viruses were detected in 1763 (52.5%), and VZV was the most common with 44.3%, followed by EBV with 10.7%. Coinfections were found in 352 (20%) cases, and the most common co-detections were VZV/EBV or VZV/CMV (169 and 81 cases, respectively). A clear seasonal pattern of VZV, EBV, and CMV identification was observed, with the highest incidence between February and April each year. Results of this investigation provide more insights into cutaneous rash syndrome etiologies in patients sampled in the framework of measles/rubella surveillance in Senegal, which is useful for the guidance of both case definition revision and clinical practice as well as for public health policy.
Impact of a Measles and Rubella Vaccination Campaign on Seroprevalence in Southern Province, Zambia
Authors: Carcelen Andrea C. , Mutembo Simon , Matakala Kalumbu H. , Chilumba Innocent , Mulundu Gina , Monze Mwaka , Mwansa Francis D. , Moss William J. , Hayford Kyla
Published: May 2021

Zambia conducted a measles and rubella (MR) vaccination campaign targeting children 9 months to younger than 15 years of age in 2016. This campaign was the first introduction of a rubella-containing vaccine in Zambia. To evaluate the impact of the campaign, we compared the MR seroprevalence estimates from serosurveys conducted before and after the campaign in Southern Province, Zambia. The measles seroprevalence increased from 77.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.2–81.9) to 96.4% (95% CI, 91.7–98.5) among children younger than 15 years. The rubella seroprevalence increased from 51.3% (95% CI, 45.6–57.0) to 98.3% (95% CI, 95.5–99.4). After the campaign, slightly lower seroprevalence remained for young adults 15 to 19 years old, who were not included in the campaign because of their age. These serosurveys highlighted the significant impact of the vaccination campaign and identified immunity gaps for those beyond the targeted vaccination age. Continued monitoring of population immunity can signal the need for future targeted vaccination strategies.
Association between ABCB1 Polymorphisms and Artesunate–Mefloquine Treatment Responses of Patients with Falciparum Malaria on the Thailand–Myanmar Border
Authors: Boonprasert Kanyarat , Kosa Nanthawat , Muhamad Poonuch , Cheoymang Anurak , Na-Bangchang Kesara
Published: May 2021

A decrease in the clinical efficacy of a 3-day artesunate–mefloquine combination treatment was reported in the areas of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum along the Thailand–Myanmar border. The current study investigated the possible contribution of genetic polymorphisms of the three major genes encoding drug efflux transporters, ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1, to responses to the aforementioned treatment in 91 patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria residing along the Thailand–Myanmar border. Patients carrying homozygous mutant genotype ABCB1 c.1236C>T (TT) were found to have a three-times higher chance of successful treatment with this combination compared with other genotypes (CC and CT). Furthermore, whole blood mefloquine concentrations in these patients with the TT genotype were significantly lower than those of patients carrying the CC genotype. Patients with heterozygous mutant genotype (CT), however, were three-times more likely to experience treatment failure. No significant association was found with the ABCG2 and ABCC1 gene polymorphisms. The results suggest that ABCB1 c.1236C>T polymorphisms could be useful genetic markers for predicting responses to the 3-day artesunate–mefloquine treatment; however, studies using larger sample sizes in different malaria-endemic areas are necessary to confirm this finding. This study highlights the impact of pharmacogenetic factors on antimalarial treatment responses and the basis for the application of control policies in various malaria-endemic areas.
Recent Molecular Assessment of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum Asymptomatic Infections in Botswana
Authors: Motshoge Thato , Haiyambo Daniel H. , Ayanful-Torgby Ruth , Aleksenko Larysa , Ntebela Davies , Malleret Benoit , Rénia Laurent , Peloewetse Elias , Paganotti Giacomo Maria , Quaye Isaac K.
Published: May 2021

In 2016, we reported the presence of Plasmodium vivax in Botswana through active case detection. A real-time PCR was used during a similar study in 10 districts to assess changes in the P. vivax prevalence. We assessed 1,614 children (2–13 years of age) for hemoglobin (Hb; g/dL) and Plasmodium parasites. The median age of all participants was 5.0 years (25th percentile, 3 years; 75th percentile, 8 years). The median Hb (g/dL) level was 12.1, but 18.3% of the participants had anemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dL); these participants were clustered in the younger than 5 years age group in all districts (P < 0.001). The risk of anemia decreased with age 5 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.197–0.34; P < 0.001). The prevalence rates of Plasmodium parasites were as follows: P. vivax, 12.7%; P. falciparum, 12.7%; P. malariae, 0.74%; and P. ovale (P. ovale curtisi), 0.68%. Mixed infection rates were as follows: P. falciparum and P. vivax, 2.35%; P. falciparum and P. ovale curtisi, 0.56%; P. vivax and P. malariae, 0.06%; and P. falciparum and P. malariae, 0.68%. The infections were largely asymptomatic (99.6%). Using logistic regression, the risk of infection with P. vivax was highest in Kweneng East (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.9–13.1), followed by South East (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.5–12.3) and Ngami (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 2.2–12.0). Compared to the risk of infection for children younger than 5 years, the risk of infection decreased for children 5 years or older in regions with high rates of P. vivax and P. falciparum infections. P. vivax and P. falciparum have expanded within the asymptomatic population in Botswana; therefore, careful attention is required for their elimination.
No Serological Evidence of Trachoma or Yaws Among Residents of Registered Camps and Makeshift Settlements in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Cooley Gretchen M. , Feldstein Leora R. , Bennett Sarah D. , Estivariz Concepcion F. , Weil Lauren , Bohara Rajendra , Vandenent Maya , Mainul Hasan ASM , Akhtar Mohammad Saifuddin , Uzzaman M. Salim , Billah Mallick Masum , Conklin Laura , Ehlman Daniel C. , Asiedu Kingsley , Solomon Anthony W. , Alamgir ASM , Flora Meerjady Sabrina , Martin Diana L.
Published: May 2021

Successful achievement of global targets for elimination of trachoma as a public health problem and eradication of yaws will require control efforts to reach marginalized populations, including refugees. Testing for serologic evidence of transmission of trachoma and yaws in residents of registered camps and a Makeshift Settlement in Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, was added to a serosurvey for vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) conducted April–May 2018. The survey was primarily designed to estimate remaining immunity gaps for VPDs, including diphtheria, measles, rubella, and polio. Blood specimens from 1- to 14-year-olds from selected households were collected and tested for antibody responses against antigens from Treponema pallidum and Chlamydia trachomatis using a multiplex bead assay to evaluate for serologic evidence of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) yaws and trachoma, respectively. The prevalence of antibodies against two C. trachomatis antigens in children ranged from 1.4% to 1.5% for Pgp3 and 2.8% to 7.0% for CT694. The prevalence of antibody responses against both of two treponemal antigens (recombinant protein17 and treponemal membrane protein A) tested was 0% to 0.15% in two camps. The data are suggestive of very low or no transmission of trachoma and yaws, currently or previously, in children resident in these communities. This study illustrates how integrated serologic testing can provide needed data to help NTD programs prioritize limited resources.
Fasciola hepatica Infection Risk for Adult Household Members Living with Children with Fascioliasis in Cusco, Peru
Authors: Caravedo Maria A. , Ramirez Walter , Morales Maria L. , Lopez Martha , Janes Claire E. , Bunag Brittany A. , Mixon Katie L. , White A. Clinton , Tanabe Melinda B. , Cabada Miguel M.
Published: May 2021

Fasciola hepatica is highly prevalent in the highlands of Peru. School-age children have the greatest risk of infection. Mass treatment of at-risk populations has been proposed to control the infection and prevent complications. However, the decreasing effectiveness of triclabendazole raises concerns regarding this strategy. Previous studies reported aggregation of Fasciola infection among family members. This study aimed to determine the risk of fascioliasis among household members living with Fasciola-infected children identified through school-based testing. We conducted a cross-sectional study including adult members of households where children with and without fascioliasis were identified. Demographic, epidemiological, and socioeconomic information was collected. One blood sample was drawn to test for Fasciola antibodies, and three stool samples were collected for microscopy for Fasciola ova. We tested 326 adults from 213 households. Of these adult subjects, chronic fascioliasis (24 of 326, 7.4%) was the most common helminth infection. Thirty-nine subjects (12.7%) tested positive for Fasciola antibodies. Combining microscopy and serum antibody tests, 13.2% (43 of 326) had evidence of Fasciola infection. One third (104 of 326, 31.9%) of the participants lived with at least one child infected with Fasciola hepatica. Adults with fascioliasis were four times more likely to live with an infected child. Poverty and diet were associated with increased risk of Fasciola infection. Adults with fascioliasis were significantly more likely to live with Fasciola-infected children.
Interest in Continuing Surgical Activity—A Necessity During the Pandemic
Authors: Mutambirwa Shingai Bertrand Angelo
Published: May 2021

No Abstract.
Obstructed Right Upper Moiety in a Bilateral Partial Duplex Renal System in an Adult
Authors: Anyimba Solomon Kenechukwu , Nnabugwu Ikenna Ifeanyi , Nnabugwu Chinwe Andrea
Published: May 2021

Duplex renal system, a common congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary  tract, is preferably identified through screening. For obstructed symptomatic duplications, prompt relief of obstruction to forestall renal parenchymal loss is recommended. We present a case of neglected obstruction of the right upper moiety in an adult female with discordant bilateral renal duplex system. A 49-year-old female with a 10-year history of recurrent right flank pain and fever presented for clinical evaluation and treatment. She had no such symptoms in early childhood. A diagnosis was made of obstructed right upper renal moiety in bilateral discordant renal duplication with complete moiety parenchymal destruction. She had right renal exploration with complete excision of the hydronephrotic sac and the grossly dilated moiety ureter down to the obstruction at the fusion of both upper and lower moiety ureters. Her postoperative period was uneventful. She is symptomfree and her urinary tract is structurally intact. Hitherto asymptomatic renal duplication can become symptomatic in early adulthood from intrinsic moiety ureter obstruction, suggesting a need for lifetime monitoring of persons with duplex renal systems. Late presentation with neglected symptoms, and consequent renal moiety destruction as seen here, is a result of the absence of such monitoring.

Keywords: Duplex renal system, Obstruction
Influence of Intestinal Strangulation Release on Ischemiareperfusion Injury in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Yani Ahmad , Dorothy Dorothy , Amaliah Rizky
Published: May 2021

Background: In intestinal ischemia, reperfusion towards the injured intestine can cause further injury to the intestine itself and to remote organs. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of intestinal strangulation release (SR) before resection on the intestine outside margin of the strangulated intestine compared with subjects without intestinal strangulation release (WSR).

Methods: Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to strangulation of one loop of the distal ileum for 4 h. In the SR group, the strangulated intestine was released for 5 min and then resected for necrotic parts. In the WSR group, the strangulated intestine was immediately resected WSR. The control group received a sham laparotomy. Four hours after the second laparotomy, the animals weresacrificed, and intestinal samples were taken for histomorphological analysis and measurement of intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Results: The injury on the histomorphological intestinal mucosa and intestinal MDA level were insignificantly higher in the SR group than in the WSR group (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Intestinal SR before resection causes more tissue injury and oxidative stress on the intestine outside the strangulationsection, but the difference is not statistically significant.

Keywords: Ischemia-reperfusion injury, Intestinal ischemia, Intestinal strangulation release, Malondialdehyde, Intestine injury
Negative Appendectomy Rate in Urban Referral Hospitals in Tanzania: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Associated Factors
Authors: Nyamuryekung’E Masawa Klint , Athar Ali , Patel Miten Ramesh , Njau Aidan , Sherman Omar , JusabanI Ahmed , Zehr Ali Akbar
Published: May 2021

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) has a lifetime risk of 8.3% with a consequent 23% lifetime risk of emergency appendectomy. In atypical presentation, making a clinical diagnosis is difficult, leading to a high perforation rate (PR) or misdiagnoses and high negativeappendectomy rates (NAR). This study aimed to establish NAR and explore the associated factors and possible attainable solutions to reduce it in urban referral hospitals in Tanzania.

Methods: This was a crosssectional study with 91 consecutive patients, aged 10 years and older undergoing appendectomy for  suspected AA with histological evaluation of specimens. The study was powered to detect the NAR at 95% confidence level and 80% power.

Results: The histological NAR was 38.5% and the perforation rate was 25.3%. The Alvarado score (AS) was rarely applied (6%), despite ademonstrated ability in this study to decrease the NAR by half. Females were four times more likely to undergo negative appendectomy than males.

Conclusion: The NAR is clinically significant as about two out of every five patients undergoing emergency appendectomy for suspected AA do not require the procedure. The AS is underutilized despite a demonstrated ability to decrease the NAR. We recommend that the AS be incorporated in the management of patients with suspected appendicitis.

Keywords: Negative appendectomy rate, SubSaharan Africa, Alvarado score, Appendectomy, Suspected acute appendicitis
Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol from rice husk using anaerobic Clostridium species
Authors: Sanusi A. , Farouq A.A. , Bazata A.Y. , Ibrahim A.D. , Mas’ud I. , Bello A.Y. , Usman M.H.
Published: May 2021

Interest in the area of biomass based-product production is increasing all over the world due to the environmental challenges posed by fossil fuel and fear of its extinction. Production of biofuel and other compounds especially from agricultural waste can reduce these environmental problems because of its sustainability and environmentally friendliness. One of the major petrochemical product widely used in many industries is 2,3-butanediol and was found to be produced from agricultural wastes by microorganisms. Therefore, Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol from rice husk using Clostridium species was investigated in this research. Structural composition of the rice husk was determined before and after pretreatment. Hemicellulose and lignin content of rice husk was determined after extraction while cellulose was determined as the difference from the extractives, hemicelluloses and lignin. Dilute (2%) NaOH was used for the pretreatment of rice husk. Hydrolysis was carried out using Aspergillus niger and reducing sugar released was determined using standard method with UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Clostridium species was isolated from sugarcane bagasse, identified using basic morphological and molecular biology techniques. The fermentation of rice husk was performed using the Clostridium species. Fermentation by-product was determined using Gas Chromatography Mass-spectrometry. Cellulose content increased from 32% before pretreatment to 53.3% after pretreatment, lignin increased from 8.4% before pretreatment to 30.7% after pretreatmemt and hemicellulose decreased from 30% before pretreatment to 8% after pretreatment. A total of 1.05 g/l of reducing sugar was released after enzymatic hydrolysis of the rice husk with Aspergillus niger. Alcohol 2,3-butanediol (0.6%) and Furfuryl alcohol (0.45%) were detected in the by-product of fermentation. Other compounds detected are fatty acids that ranges from C16 to C25 with 9,12-Octadecanoic acid as the major fatty acid. From the results of this work, Rice husk was found to have substantial amount of sugar (cellulose and hemicelluce) that can be converted to valuable product including 2,3-butanediol.

Keywords: Biofuel, Bio-refinary, Cellulose, Clostrudium, fermentation.
Maradi red goat sexual cycle: descriptive and progesteronomic study
Authors: Harouna Boureima Karimou , Issa Ibrahim Adoulkarim , Mani Mamman , Arichatou H.
Published: May 2021

In order to establish the cyclicity characteristics of the Maradi red goat for the selection program, two experimental protocols were implemented separately at the Faculty of Agronomy of the University of Niamey (Niger). The first included 8 multiparous females and aimed to characterize the plasma progesterone concentration during the sexual cycle. The second including 31 females (multiparous and young) focused on analyzing manifestation of sexual activity and determining averages durations of estrus and sexual cycle. Bloodsamplings and heat controls were conducted. It appeared that young female puberty occurs at 46 to 56% of adult goat weight and the onset and end of heats are widely detected in the morning (65%). Throughout the year, sexual activity is lower in dry and hot season and higher in rainy and dry and cold season. The averages lengths of estrus and sexual cycle are 43.27±26.54 hours and 23.16±16.68 days. These parameters vary, (p = 5%) between type of females for the length of sexual cycle with a high proportion of abnormal cycles (31.61% short and 28.57% long). progesterone profiles showed the same trend. Concentration is lower at estrus period (0.29±0.12 ng/ml), it rises from the 4th day to reach a peak of 6±1.6 ng/ml between the 13th and 16th day of the cycle.

Keywords: Durations, Cycle, Estrus, Progesterone, Evolution, Maradi Red goats
An appraisal of performance of broiler birds fed with different commercial feed in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Haladu Mubarak , Abubakar Ahmed
Published: May 2021

The experiment was carried out to determine the overall performance and economic analysis of broiler chickens fed different commercial diets marketed in Kano metropolis. A total of 112 day-old Zertek strain of broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments coded as A, B, C and Din a completely randomized design. Each group was replicated 4 times with seven birds per replicate. Birds were weighed at the onset of the experiment and weekly thereafter. Feed intake and live weight gain were measured, recorded and used to determine the feed conversion ratio. The chicks were managed on a deep litter system and the experiment lasted for six weeks. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the feeding trial. Results revealed that feed intake of birds ranged from 78.5-87.3 (g/b/d), live weight gain ranged from 49.3 – 53.9 (g/b/d) while feed conversion ratio ranged between 1.59 and 1.64. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in feed intake and feed conversion ratio. However, significant (P < 0.05) difference was observed in live weight gain where birds on treatments B, C, and D were superior to birds on treatment A. The market costs of the feeds at the time of the experiment were used to calculate the feed cost (₦ / kg), total feed cost (₦), feed cost (₦ /kg gain). Feed cost ₦/kg gain was best in treatment A.

Keywords: Appraisal, Performance, Broiler birds, Commercial feed, Kano state.
Effects of dietary oil palm, plantain and Calopogonium spp. leaves on performance and sensory values of rabbit meat
Authors: Ingweye J.N. , Mfon J. , Kalio G.A. , Ologbose F.I.
Published: May 2021

Performance and organoleptic indices of rabbits fed plantain, oil palm and calopogonium leaves was assessed using 48, eight weeks old bucks. They were allotted to four groups of 12 animals and three replicates of four animals each. Group A (control) was fed calopogonium leaf while groups B, C, and D were fed plantain leaf, oil palm leaf, and 50% oil palm + 50% plantain leaves, respectively. Animals consumed fixed amount of commercial pellets while forages and water were given ad libitum. Completely randomized design, one-way analysis of variance was used. Proximate analysis of pellets and forages as well as feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were assessed. At the end of the experiment, meat from one rabbit per treatment was used for sensory evaluation by 20 semi-trained panelists using 7-point hedonic scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Significant means were separated using Least Significant Difference. Crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and ash contents of the leaves ranged from 25.11±1.50 (calopogonium) to 4.90±0.92 (oil palm), 38.40±2.12 (oil palm) to 15.38±0.07 (plantain), 9.71±0.01 (plantain) to 2.30±0.01 (oil palm), 47.80±0.56 (oil palm) to 32.27±0.02 (calopogonium) and 11.93±0.02 (plantain) to 2.99±0.01 (oil palm), respectively. Groups A and B had the highest (p<0.05) final weight and weight gains while groups A, B and C had the highest (p<0.05) forage intake. Feed conversion ratios of groups A and B were better (lower) than others. Forages had no effect on meat colour and texture. Groups B and D meats tasted better than others. Group D meat aroma was better than those fed single forages. Meats from groups C and D were the juiciest while meats from groups A, C and D were the most acceptable. Consideration of final weights, weight gains, feed conversion ratio and taste of meat would require that plantain leaves be used to feed meat rabbits.

Keywords: Organoleptic indices, Dry season feeding, Forage
Impact of Fluid Properties on Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) Performance and Run Life in a Well
Authors: Joseph A. , Adeoti A.O.
Published: May 2021

The primary goal of every operator is to optimally recover reserves at minimal operating costs. Unfortunately, due to inherent primary drive mechanisms that may not be strong enough and poorly designed completion jewelries that increases the complexity of well configurations, most reservoir are not efficiently depleted. This study investigates the impact of fluid properties on electric submersible pumps (ESP) performance and run life in a well. It was observed that the pump speed increases with increase in API gravities and vice-versa. However, decrease in pump speed was observed with crudes having high API gravity from wells with high water-cut (HBSW). High water-cut increases the viscosity of the crude and thus decreases the pump speed. The pump speed also increased as the GOR increases, howbeit, decreased as the GOR exceeds a certain optimum value due to cavitation. The pump intake pressure and the production rate were also investigated. The higher the intake pressure, the higher the pump speed and thus, the higher the  production. Well specific models for real-time ESP performance prediction were also developed for each property against the pumpspeed and they exhibited cubic relationships. It was also observed that the quality of the crude significantly affects the performance of ESP’s and therefore, must be checked to prevent early failure and short run life.

Keywords: Electric submersible pumps, Fluid properties, Run life, Performance, Failure rate
Assessment of Occupational Satisfaction on Performance among Employees of a Forest Resources Management Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Omoghie E.S. , Banjo A.A. , Adeleye A.S. , Aliboh U.F. , Simpson V.B.
Published: May 2021

An organization usually sees an average worker as the source of quality and productivity gains. The study examined the impact of  occupational satisfaction on performance among employees of a Forest Resources Management institution in Nigeria using a  structured questionnaire for data collection. The data analysis from the study revealed that employee’s level of education enhanced job satisfaction. Furthermore, chi-square results showed that there was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between personal characteristics and their satisfaction level. In addition, correlation results showed that there was a significant relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance. Thus, the study recommends that organizations should intensify efforts in the area of non-financial rewards as a means of influencing greater performance from the employees as well as getting more employee commitment to the organization.

Keywords: Assessment, Employee Performance, Occupational Satisfaction, Organization
Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Phytochemicals in Methanolic Extracts of Hurricane Weed (Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. &Thonn) Plant
Authors: Ameen O.A. , Hamid A.A. , Yusuf Q. , Njoku O.G. , Oseni T.O. , Jamiu W.
Published: May 2021

The phytocomponents of the leaf and root extracts of Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae) were studied. The constituents of the leaves and roots were identified and quantified by using GC-MS. Result from the phytochemical analyses showed the presence of saponins, tannins, phenolics, anthocyanins, and glycosides in both leaves and root of the plant. Alkaloids and triterpenoids were, however only absent in the root of P. amarus but present in the leaves of the plant. Flavonoids, coumarins and steroids were absent in the leaves but present in the root part. The mean concentration of the phytochemicals investigated in leaves are 0.73±0.01%, 1.85±0.03%, 1.12±0.01%, 1.80±0.01%, 1.59±0.50%, 0.13±0.10%, and 0.86±0.01%, for saponins, tannins, phenolics, anthocyanins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and glycosides respectively, while the mean concentration of the phytochemicals investigated in roots are 0.91±0.01%, 1.53±0.03%, 0.70±0.01%, 2.97±0.10%, 2.47±0.03%, 0.62±0.01%, 0.90±0.01% and 2.02±0.10% for saponins, tannins, phenolics, steroids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, glycosides and coumarins respectively. Furthermore, the GC-MS analysis of methanol extracts of the leaves and root of P. amarus revealed the presence of three medicinally important bioactive compounds, which are: 9-Octadecenoic acid which has percentage of abundance of 92.23% and 82.46% in leaves and roots of the plant respectively, followed by n-Hexadecanoic acid and Tetradecanoic acid with their corresponding percentage of abundance of 7.7% and 17.54% for leaves and root. These analytical results suggest the plantto possess a significant role in phyto-medicine. The importance of this plant was discussed in line with the role they play in ethnomedicinal life of the people.

Keywords: Phyllanthus amarus; Phytochemicals; GC-MS; methanolic extract; Phytocomponents
Design and Fabrication of a Manually Operated Vegetable Leaf Slicing Machine
Authors: Ikpoza E. , Usiobaifo E.J. , Erhunmwun I.D.
Published: May 2021

This paper entails the design and fabrication of a manually operated vegetable leaf slicing machine. The developed machine consists of a hopper, the cutter housing, the cutting blades, the rotating shaft, and a wooden handle. The machine was designed to enhance the hygienic slicing of vegetable leaf materials and for prevention of knife-related injuries for both domestic and commercial use. The machine was tested with a slicing efficiency of 95.52 % with a provision of an alternative quick vegetable cutting process with no injuries, no electric power supply and with little or no noise to the operating environment.

Keywords: Vegetables, slicing, cutting blade, knives, hopper