bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotion Recognition of College Students’ Online Learning Engagement Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Chunyan
Published: March 2022

In actual learning scenarios, learners have more and more personalized needs. The traditional measuring tools of emotional engagement can no longer meet the personalized needs of online learning. To solve the problem, this paper explores the emotion recognition of college students' online learning engagement based on deep learning. Firstly, the features were extracted from the texts related to online learning reviews and interactive behaviors of college students, and the texts were vectorized by the multi-head attention mechanism. Based on the multi-head attention mechanism, a bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) emotion classification model was established, which describes the emotional attitude of learners towards learning engagement more clearly and more accurately. Through experiments, the proposed model was proved effective in emotion recognition of college students’ online learning engagement.
L’impossible message de la Vallée des Saints
Authors: Jezequel Malo
Published: March 2022

Entre sa création en 2019 et 2018, la Vallée des Saints, projet artistique et touristique central en Bretagne, a connu un très grand succès. De nombreux visiteurs ont déambulé, et déambulent encore, entre les énigmatiques statues de granite, représentant dans les styles les plus variés les saints bretons ou des personnages semi-légendaires du haut Moyen Âge. Sur le site, l’association ne propose pas de message défini pour la compréhension des œuvres, et présente cette absence comme une liberté d’interprétation accordée aux visiteurs. On peut néanmoins y voir une incapacité pour les fondateurs à produire et assumer un message commun. Quand le nombre de visiteurs stagne, les conflits interprétatifs entre chaque membre fondateur du projet apparaissent au grand jour, et les messages « invisibles » s’avèrent alors être des messages « impossibles ».
Les fourches patibulaires en Catalogne au bas Moyen Âge
Authors: Sabaté Flocel
Published: March 2022

Dans une société dominée par la symbolique, les fourches patibulaires sont à la fois un objet et son sens, c’est-à-dire l’instrument pour appliquer la peine de mort à une population non privilégiée et le signe du pouvoir qui l’applique. En effet, celui qui jouit de la plénitude de la juridiction dans le comté de Catalogne peut l’afficher en érigeant des fourches patibulaires, signa denotantia merum et mixtum imperium et omnimodam aliam iurisditionem. En cas de changement de détenteur, les fourches doivent être abattues et remplacées par d’autres, érigées par le nouveau seigneur, dans le cadre d’un cérémonial concret. Embellies, elles portent les blasons du seigneur ou du pouvoir urbain dont elles dépendent. Utilisées pour exécuter et exposer les corps, elles sont l’enjeu de concurrence juridictionnelle et servent également des politiques d’intimidation.
Le consensus brûle : le punk, violences et conflits en Allemagne de l’Est et de l’Ouest (1976-1982)
Authors: Raboud Pierre
Published: March 2022

En comparant les cas de l’Allemagne de l’Est et de l’Ouest, cet article souhaite montrer les multiples sens que peut prendre la violence au sein de la scène punk. Ce registre violent traverse les différentes scènes et se retrouve de façon symbolique dans les diverses productions, qu’il s’agisse des paroles des chansons ou des visuels présents dans les fanzines. Entre proclamation et dénonciation, il peut également prendre des significations variables en fonction des relations qui existent entre la scène punk et la société. À travers la question de la violence, c’est ainsi le sens historique et politique du punk qui est posé ici, et notamment, sa capacité et sa légitimité à exprimer une conflictualité, voire à l’appliquer.
Violence et non-violence dans les concerts rock ou la société française des années 1970 face à ses contradictions
Authors: Élart Joann
Published: March 2022

« L’espoir du “Love Power” a foutu le camp » écrit Michel Lancelot, avant d’ajouter qu’« un peu partout, la révolte s’est armée » (Campus, 1971). L’auteur décrit un état de violence dans les campus américains auquel il oppose le destin de personnalités prônant la non-violence. Cette dichotomie déborde largement le théâtre habituel des manifestations en France pour s’inviter dans les festivals Pop méridionaux ou dans quelques concerts parisiens, comme au Palais des Sports le 31 janvier 1971 où se déchaîne la violence des casseurs et des resquilleurs. La France découvre alors « la Pop Music » dont l’effet lénifiant sur le jeune public le dissuaderait de s’engager dans la lutte. Cette contradiction n’échappe pas aux journalistes qui observent concert après concert un public apathique et cérébral assistant aux performances de groupes comme Soft Machine. L’ambiance est tout autre lors des shows de Johnny Hallyday, qui draine une frange de loubards, plus agressifs et révoltés, autour desquels une organisation sécuritaire impressionnante est mise en œuvre pour protéger l’idole. Le champ lexical de la violence et de la non-violence devient alors systématique dans les colonnes des journaux pour rendre compte d’une prestation scénique à l’énergie sauvage déployée sur scène et dans le public, ou pour analyser les composantes musicales de la Pop Music ou du pub rock, dont les harmonies, les rythmes, les métriques, les intensités, les volumes sonores, ou encore les paroles, produisent une sensation de violence musicale sur les auditeurs. Enfin, le champ lexical de la violence devient une norme dans les slogans imaginés par les agences de publicités pour vendre des systèmes d’amplification toujours plus hauts et toujours plus puissants.
Les Sex Pistols à Liège : un cas (relatif) de panique morale
Authors: Pirenne Christophe
Published: March 2022

Durant le mois de janvier 1978, les Sex Pistols devaient poursuivre leur tournée américaine par trois concerts en Belgique. Ceux-ci furent annulés en dernière minute après le split du groupe. Les témoignages parus dans la presse et la légende réécrite quelques années plus tard, font pourtant état de la naissance d’une panique morale dont les sources primaires (archives de la police, des municipalités et témoins d’époque) ne conservent aucune trace. Cette ambivalence permet de poser une réflexion plus générale sur les réceptions des nouvelles modes et la construction du goût, lesquelles révèlent de manière concomitante l’enthousiasme des journaux spécialisés, l’indifférence des pouvoirs publics et l’accueil parfois timoré du public.
Rock and roll et violence en Italie en 1956
Authors: Tomatis Jacopo
Published: March 2022

Les études sur la musique populaire ont souvent accordé une attention particulière à la relation entre la naissance du rock’n’roll aux États-Unis dans les années 1950 et la vague de « panique morale » qui s’est répandue dans le monde entier avec elle. Et pourtant, une attention particulière doit être accordée à la manière dont les différentes significations associées au nouveau rock’n’roll ont été « traduites » sur différentes scènes et par différentes cultures nationales, et reçues par différents publics locaux. Le cas italien est particulièrement significatif. L’article analyse la manière dont le rock’n’roll est présenté par les médias sur le marché italien vers 1956 : en particulier, il est facile de voir comment la musique nouvelle est associée à des images de jeunesse, de rébellion et de violence avant qu’elle ne soit réellement disponible à l’écoute (c’est-à-dire avant la sortie des disques et films de rock’n’roll sur le marché). L’impact du rock’n’roll sur la musique populaire italienne – ainsi que, plus généralement, le processus par lequel les genres musicaux s’étendent à des scènes différentes de celle d’où ils proviennent – ne peut être compris sans prêter attention aux paradoxes de ce genre.
Violence and Non-Violence at Rock Concerts: 1970s French Society Confronted With Its Contradictions
Authors: Élart Joann
Published: March 2022

“The hopefulness of ‘Love Power’ has gone out the window,” Michel Lancelot wrote in 1971, adding that “just about everywhere, the revolt is armed” (Campus, 1971). The author was describing the state of violence on American campuses, comparing it with the fate of public figures who championed non-violence. In France, this dichotomy spread from the usual arena of public demonstrations and found its way into pop music festivals held in the South as well as a few concerts in Paris, like the Palais des Sports, where violence erupted among rioters and ticket dodgers on January 31, 1971. On that occasion, France was in the midst of discovering pop music, and its soothing effect was said to have dissuaded the young audience from joining in the fray. The contradiction was not lost on the journalists of the time, who repeatedly noticed the apathetic, intellectual audiences who attended concerts by bands like Soft Machine. A completely different atmosphere reigned at Johnny Hallyday’s shows, which attracted a fringe group of aggressive, rebellious roughnecks and led to the implementation of considerable security measures to protect the idol. The vocabulary of violence and non-violence was systematically employed in newspaper columns to describe the wild energy emanating from performers and audience members during live performances. It was used to analyze the musical components of pop music and pub rock. Their harmonies, rhythms, intensity, loud volume, and lyrics left listeners with an impression of musical violence. The vocabulary of violence also became the norm for slogans created by advertising agencies in order to sell increasingly larger and louder amplifiers.
Surveiller les Stones : musique et violence à Berlin. Les débats transnationaux des années 1960
Authors: Mrozek Bodo
Published: March 2022

L’article analyse la violence qui éclata lors d’un concert des Rolling Stones en 1965 à Berlin-Ouest. À partir d’une lecture attentive des archives de la police de Berlin, il explique les événements par l’incompréhension des nouvelles formes d’expression culturelle, mais également en raison d’idées démodées sur le maintien de l’ordre, idées profondément enracinées dans l’histoire allemande et enfin en raison de défaillances logistiques. En analysant les suites du concert, l’article montre comment non seulement l’événement lui-même, mais aussi les effets de la musique rock en général et l’état de la jeunesse d’après-guerre furent un sujet énormément débattus dans les médias devenant même un sujet de débat politique au parlement municipal de Berlin. Tout cela eut pour conséquence des réformes de la police et l’établissement de nouvelles normes de sécurité pour les salles de concert et les stades élaborées à l’échelle internationale. L’article suggère donc de considérer le milieu des années soixante comme un tournant (“Schwellenzeit”) dans la fondation d’une nouvelle culture rock et pop.
Web-Based Child Sexual Exploitation
Authors: Wallace Lacey Nicole
Published: March 2022

Use of social media and other technologies like phone- and computer-based cameras is widespread among both youth and young adults in the U.S. Yet, these technologies also present opportunities for child victimization and exploitation. Unlike forms of exploitation that occur in a face-to-face context, these crimes are difficult to detect and more so to prosecute. Offenders and victims may not even reside in the same country. This chapter defines online child sexual exploitation, describes the law regarding these activities, details what is known about victims and offenders, and highlights current efforts towards prevention and intervention. Challenges in detection and prosecution are also discussed.
Simulation Study on Burning Test of Solid Propellant Based on Apparent Specific Heat Capacity
Authors: Zhao Jiu Ling
Published: March 2022

This document In the process of propellant heat transfer, the specific heat capacity is an important thermodynamic parameter, and temperature is an important factor affecting the specific heat capacity. In this paper, the initial specific heat capacity of HTPB propellant and its components was measured by DSC, and the specific heat capacity value was modified based on the synchronous weight loss curve, and the variation law of specific heat capacity of propellant and its components with temperature increase was obtained. The modified variable specific heat capacity is used to simulate the burning experiment of solid propellant, and the macroscopic curve is compared with the experimental curve. The results show that the absolute error between the simulated ignition delay time and ignition temperature and the experimental results is less than 10%, which indicates that this method provides the key technical parameters for evaluating the weight loss material of propellant, and provides an important parameter basis for designing the heat dissipation mechanism of new propellant.
Minimally invasive simple prostatectomy: Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopy. A comparative study
Authors: Amenta Michele , Oliva Francesco , Barone Biagio , Corsaro Alfio , Arcaniolo Davide , Scarpato Antonio , Mattiello Gennaro , Romano Lorenzo , Sciorio Carmine , Silvestri Tommaso , Costa Giovanni , Crocetto Felice , Celia Antonio
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) is a novel surgical procedure for the management of obstructive symptoms caused by enlarged prostate glands. Before the introduction of minimally invasive techniques, the standard approach was the open simple prostatectomy (OSP). The aim of our study was to compare intraoperative and perioperative outcomes of robotic (RASP) and laparoscopic (LSP) simple prostatectomy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent minimally invasive simple prostatectomy at the Urological Department of Portogruaro Hospital, Portogruaro, and at the Urological Department of “San Bassiano” Hospital, in Bassano del Grappa, from March 2015 to December 2020. Data collected from medical records included age, body mass index, prostate volume, operative time, preoperative International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS), postoperative IPSS, time with drainage, blood transfusion, intraoperative complications, perioperative complications and length of hospital stay. Results: Robotic-assisted (n = 25) and laparoscopic simple prostatectomy (n = 25) were performed with a transvesical approach. No significant differences were observed regarding baseline characteristics, body mass index, prostate volume and IPSS. Operative time was lower in the laparoscopic group (122 min vs 139 min) (p = 0.024), while hospital stay was lower in the robotic group (4 days vs 6 days) (p = 0.047). Conclusions: Robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy is a safe technique with results comparable to laparoscopic simple prostatectomy, encompassing the advantage of a shorter hospitalization. Considering the costs and the limited availability of robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy, laparoscopic simple prostatectomy is a valid and safe alternative for experienced surgeons.
Looking for cystoscopy on YouTube: Are videos a reliable information tool for internet users?
Authors: Turco Carmine , Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Cilio Simone , Celentano Giuseppe , Califano Gianluigi , Creta Massimiliano , Capece Marco , La Rocca Roberto , Napolitano Luigi , Mangiapia Francesco , Spirito Lorenzo , Morra Simone , Melchionna Alberto , Fusco Ferdinando , Mirone Vincenzo , Longo Nicola
Published: March 2022

Objective: The Internet is an important and easily accessible source of information. The aim of the current study was to investigate the quality of YouTube videos on cystoscopy and to establish if they can be used as a reliable information tool for internet users. Materials and methods: The search term “cystoscopy” was used on YouTube platform and the first 120 YouTube videos were analyzed. To assess the video quality Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) for Audiovisual (A/V) Materials (Understandability and Actionability sections), Misinformation score and Global Quality Score (GQS) were used. Results: Of all 120 videos, 72 were included in the analyses. Of all videos, 59.7% (n = 43), and 40.3% (n = 29) were targeted to General Public and Healthcare Workers. Moreover, “technical aspects” was the main topic addressed (n = 29, 40.3%). The median PEMAT A/V Understandability and Actionability scores were 50.0% (IQR: 39.1-70.0) and 66.7% (IQR: 33.3- 100.0), respectively. The median Misinformation score ranged from 1.0 to 3.0. According to GQS, 22 (30.6%), 26 (36.1%), 16 (22.2%), 8 (11.1%) videos were poor, generally poor, moderate, and good, respectively. No video was evaluated as excellent. Conclusions: Today, YouTube videos on cystoscopy are more frequently uploaded by healthcare workers, who share information about specific aspects of this procedure. However, the quality of YouTube contents on cystoscopy is still poor. Therefore, currently users interested in cystoscopy cannot rely on YouTube to get good informative material on this topic. In consequence, future authors should focus on improving the quality of video contents on cystoscopy
Non-operative management in blunt splenic trauma: A ten-years-experience at a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Musetti Serena , Coccolini Federico , Tartaglia Dario , Cremonini Camilla , Strambi Silvia , Cicuttin Enrico , Cobuccio Luigi , Cengeli Ismail , Zocco Giuseppe , Chiarugi Massimo
Published: March 2022

Trauma;

Spleen injuries are among the most frequent trauma-related injuries. The approach for diagnosis and management of Blunt Splenic Injury (BSI) has been considerably shifted towards Non- Operative Management (NOM) in the last few decades. NOM of blunt splenic injuries includes Splenic Angio-Embolization (SAE). Aim of this study was to analyze Pisa Level 1 trauma center (Italy) last 10-years-experience in the management of Blunt Splenic Trauma (BST), and more specifically to evaluate NOM rate and failure. Retrospective analysis of all patients admitted with blunt splenic trauma was done. They were divided into two groups according to the treatment: hemodynamically unstable patients treated operatively (OM group) and patients underwent a nonoperative management (NOM group). The CT scan performed in all NOM group patients. Univariate analysis was performed to identify differences between the two groups. Multivariate analysis adjusting for factors with a p value < 0.05 or with clinical relevance was used to identify possible risk factors for NOM failure. 193 consecutive patients with blunt splenic trauma were admitted. Emergency splenectomies were performed in 53 patients (OM group); 140 were managed non-operatively with or without SAE (NOM group). NOM rate in high grade injuries is 57%. Overall NOM failure rate is 9%, and success rate in high grade splenic injuries is 48%; multivariate analysis showed AAST score ≥3 as a risk factor for NOM failure. Non-operative management currently represents the gold standard management for hemodynamically stable patient with blunt splenic trauma even in high grade splenic injuries. AAST ≥3 spleen lesion is a failure risk factor but not a contraindication to for non-operative management.
A scoping review of SARS-CoV-2 and male infertility
Authors: AL-Khikani Falah H. , Ayit Aalae S.
Published: March 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in the blood, urine, facial/anal swabs, semen, and vaginal discharge; all have been shown to contain SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Recent findings have highlighted the prospect of SARS-CoV-2 invading the genital system in addition to other tissues, which might give rise to reproductive concerns. This investigation sheds light on male reproductive tract vulnerability to invasion by SARS-CoV-2 and provides a foundation for further researches into male fertility. Males are infected with COVID-19 at a higher rate than females. As a result, some data suggest that this viral infection might affect the male reproductive system. The probable causes for male genital tract abnormalities in COVID- 19 are: 1) high expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the testes; 2) SARS-CoV-2 infection indirectly induces immune response in the testes; 3) SARS-CoV-2 directly damages male genital cells by virus-receptor binding activity; 4) fever in SARS-CoV-2 infected males may cause damages to testicular cells; 5) testosterone level decreased in SAR-CoV-2 infected males; 6) males are more susceptible to COVID-19 than females, which may be due to differences in the physiology of the genital tract. This review seeks to offer some insights into the potential causes of COVID-19 that affect the male reproductive system, as well as future prospect on this issue.
Protective effect of Scrophularia striata combined with trehalose and cysteine added to diluents on cryopreservd goat epididymal sperm
Authors: Maleki Zeinab , Farshad Abbas , Rostamzadeh Jalal
Published: March 2022

Objective:

To evaluate antioxidant effects of Scrophularia (S.) striata ethanol extract, trehalose and cysteine added to diluents on cryopreserved goat epididymal sperms.

Methods:

Motility and standard motion parameters of sperm were assessed by using computer assisted sperm motility analysis system. Sperm viability was evaluated by eosin-nigrosin staining method. Hypo-osmotic swelling test was used to evaluate membrane health. Thiobarbituric acid testing was used to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. To assess DNA fragmentation, sperm chromatin dispersion test was used. In Experiment 1, treatments consisting of basal Tris diluent supplemented with 25, 50 or 100 μg/mL of S. striata ethanol extract gave the best concentration to the freezing diluents. Experiment 2 was carried out to compare the best concentration of S. striata ethanol extract (50 μg/mL) resulting from the first experiment with 150 mM trehalose and/or 5 mM cysteine alone or in combination.

Results:

S. striata ethanol extract (50 μg/mL) significantly increased sperm viability, motility and progressive motility and at the same time decreased MDA concentration and DNA fragmentation compared to other treatments (P<0.05). In addition, all treatment groups resulted in viability, membrane health, total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity higher and MDA lower compared to the control group (P<0.05). Acrosome integrity was significantly higher in 50 μg/mL of S. striata ethanol extract combined with cysteine, trehalose, or cysteine+trehalose groups than those in the control, trehalose, cysteine, and 50 μg/mL of S. striata ethanol extract groups (P<0.05). Regarding DNA, extenders supplemented with 50 μg/mL of S. striata ethanol extract, 50 μg/mL of S. striata ethanol extract+trehalose, and 50 μg/mL of S. striata ethanol extract+trehalose+cysteine were superior to other treatments.

Conclusions:

Adding 50 μg/mL of S. striata ethanol extract alone or in combination with trehalose and cysteine can improve the quality of cryopreserved epididymal sperms of goats.
One-step single-tube accelerated quantitative nucleoprotein gene-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal gene amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for rapid, real-time & reliable clinical detection of Ebola virus
Authors: Kumar Jyoti S. , Dash Paban Kumar , Srivastava Ambuj , Sharma Shashi , Tandel Kundan , Parida Manmohan
Published: March 2022

Background & objectives:

Due to the absence of specific drugs or vaccines for Ebola virus disease, rapid, sensitive and reliable diagnostic methods are required to control the transmission chain of the disease and for better patient management. Isothermal amplification of nucleic acids has emerged as a promising alternative in which rapid and efficient amplification is achieved at a constant temperature without the thermal cycling required in PCR.

Methods:

A one-step single-tube accelerated quantitative reverse trascription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed by targeting the NP gene of 2014 Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV). The RT-LAMP assay was found to be specific for ZEBOV, without having any cross-reactivity with related haemorrhagic fever viral agents.

Results:

The comparative evaluation of Ebola virus NP gene-specific RT-LAMP assay with reverse transcription (RT) - PCR and TaqMan real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that RT-LAMP was 10-1000 folds more sensitive than TaqMan real-time RT-PCR and conventional RT-PCR, respectively, with a detection limit of 1 copy number. In the absence of real-world clinical samples, the feasibility of Ebola virus RT-LAMP assay for clinical diagnosis was evaluated with different body fluids including serum, urine, saliva, semen and stool samples from healthy human volunteers spiked with gamma-irradiated ZEBOV 2014 obtained from Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany, through the European Network for Diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases. The Ebola virus RT-LAMP assay could correctly be picked up the spiked samples up to 1 copy of viral RNA without having any matrix interference. The monitoring of gene amplification can also be visualized with the naked eye by using SYBR Green I fluorescent dye.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Thus, due to easy operation without a requirement of sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel, the RT-LAMP assay reported here is a valuable tool as a point-of-care diagnosis for the rapid and real-time detection of Ebola virus in resource-limited healthcare settings of developing countries.
Evaluation and optimization of antibiotic usage in upper respiratory tract infections in children at a tertiary care outpatient department
Authors: Mishra Sudhir , Srivastava Preeti , Sunder Sarala , Mishra Asit Kumar , Tanti Sanjay Kumar
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Inappropriate antibiotic (ab)use contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is the most common reason for antibiotic prescription in an outpatient department (OPD). Several factors influence the high and unjustified antibiotic use in a common ailment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A clinical audit was performed to assess antibiotic prescription rate (APR) for URTI in the pediatric OPD against the available benchmark. The prescription pattern was assessed, and interventions were formulated to improve prescription behavior. Data of all children attending OPD and fulfilling the criteria for URTI group were collected from the online hospital management system and analyzed. Interventions, in the form of discussions, presentations, posters, and guidelines (Indian Ministry of Health Guidelines for URTI) regarding etiology of URTI, and indications for antibiotic prescription were implemented. Data were monitored and feedback to consultants was given.

RESULTS:

The baseline APR was 14.7%. There was wide variation in APR (4.1%–53.1%) among consultants. Three consultants had a rate of 53.1%, 29.7%, and 28.6%, which was very high. Postintervention, the average APR decreased to 8.7%, a reduction of 40.8%. There was a reduction in APR among consultants with high APR as well. There was reduction in the use of azithromycin, a drug recommended for patients with penicillin allergy, from 21.2% to 14.4% (32.1% reduction). Amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid combination and amoxicillin alone continued to be the most prescribed antibiotics.

CONCLUSION:

Interventions through clinical audit were useful in reducing APR. The APR of 8.7% achieved in this study postintervention can be used as a benchmark by other institutions to assess APR in children with URTI.
An update of antispike severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Chatterjee Suparna , Choudhury Shouvik , Das Debaleena
Published: March 2022

The use of monoclonal antibodies has expanded beyond the realm of autoimmune disease and cancer therapeutics to communicable diseases. Their antiviral activities were evaluated in some diseases such as SARS MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and Ebola. In recent times, antispike SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody cocktails (casirivimab with imdevimab and bamlanivimab with etesevimab) and single agent sotrovimab have received emergency use authorization for treatment of nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients with mild-to-moderate disease at high risk of disease progression. This review summarizes their mechanism of action, salient pharmacokinetic profile, safety and clinical trial (ongoing and completed) data. Despite evidence to support its use for the indication, the high cost of these biologics may make it unaffordable for many patients, but further clinical studies on their cost-benefit profile shall provide useful information to the scientific community and patients.
Studies on biochemical, oxidative and genotoxicity alterations following vas blockage with reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance and reversal in rats
Authors: Ansari Abdul S. , Hussain Mubarik , Khan Sadi Rehan , Badar Ayesha , Khilwani Barkha , Lohiya Nirmal Kumar
Published: March 2022

CONTEXT:

Vas obstruction with reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance (RISUG) for contraception and its reversal, may cause oxidative stress or inimical effects on male reproductive functions.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the biochemical and genotoxicity at the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following vas occlusion with RISUG and its reversal by Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and 5% NaHCO3 in Wistar albino rats.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

Animals were divided into seven groups (n = 10), namely sham-operated control, short-term vas occlusion with RISUG for 90 days, reversal with DMSO and 5% NaHCO3, long-term vas occlusion with RISUG for 360 days, reversal with DMSO and 5% NaHCO3.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Biochemical markers in reproductive tissues, hematology, serum biochemistry, serum electrolytes and ROS measuring indicators, e.g., lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase were examined.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:

One-way analysis of variance test was performed for analyses of data obtained in this study using the SPSS 10.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

RESULTS:

The tissue and clinical chemistry did not show appreciable alterations in RISUG injected and reversal Groups (II-VII) as compared to sham control. The genotoxicity and various ROS markers fluctuated within control limits following short- and long-term vas occlusion and reversal.

CONCLUSIONS:

The study suggested that the reversal procedures, following RISUG contraception, were not associated with any kind of toxicological manifestations.
Intervention-based mental health training for community level workers in India –A systematic review
Authors: Paramasivam Raghu , Elangovan Aravind Raj , Amudhan Senthil , Kommu John Vijay Sagar , Haridas Harshal , Sriramalu Sudhir Babu
Published: March 2022

Community-level workers (CLWs) are frontline workers who function as mediators between the government and the community. They effectively and efficiently distribute government policies and welfare schemes directly to the public, especially health aspects. They play a vital role in primary care access and quality. Many recent studies demonstrate that physical health training of CLWs is indeed effective and increases access to services. However, there are no recent reviews that systematically understand the training of CLWs concerning mental health interventions, and reviews on CLW’s understanding about mental health issues and implementation at the community level is inadequate. CLWs are underutilized in aspects of mental health interventions despite having more potential for the same. They are the ones who need to know much about mental health issues and treatment availabilities. To understand this gap, a systematic review on training on mental health interventions to the CLWs in India, the method and content of mental health training in such studies was done. Our systematic search following the PRISMA guidelines included eight studies that met the eligibility criteria. The review of the studies that satisfied inclusion criteria suggests that training on mental health interventions with CLWs sounds effective. The researcher also provides recommendations to strengthen the CLWs mental health knowledge and discusses implications of mental health interventions through trained CLWs for the community. Based on the review findings, the researcher recommends ideas about how CLWs can be utilized accordingly in mental health aspects during the current pandemic.
Psychological distress and well-being assessment among Indian people during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chandra Rishita , Kumar Santosh , Supehia Sakshi , Das Amity , Agarwal Disha
Published: March 2022

Background:

A rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic restricted millions of people in their homes and affected them with anxiety, stress, and psychological distress. This online study was conducted to assess the psychological distress among the Indian population.

Method:

This is a cross-sectional study, data collected via an online self-reported questionnaire using a snowball sampling technique. COVID-19 psychological stress was measured through the COVID-19 peritraumatic distress index (CPDI). This questionnaire was open-access and adapted from the Shanghai Mental Health Centre. Data were extracted to Microsoft Excel and analyzed in SPSS 23 version. Ordinal logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio for predicting variables.

Results:

A total of 625 responses were received. The mean age of the respondents was 26.41 years (standard deviation [SD] = 9.35; range = 17–79 years) with 320 (51.2%) males and the majority (68.8%) of the respondents were students. Youth with age group between 21 and 25 years were observed to be having peritraumatic distress 2.42 times more than the other groups (P = 0.001). Females were found to be more nervous and anxious (χ2 = 5.12; P = 0.02), more sluggish reaction due to anxiety (χ2 = 9.46; P = 0.002) as compared to males. Unmarried respondents were observed to be more sluggish due to anxiety (χ2 = 7.2; P = 0.007), felt more tired and exhausted (χ2 = 6.12; P = 0.013) in comparison to married.

Conclusion:

COVID-19 pandemic crisis significantly affected a major segment of society. The psychological distress level was observed to be high among youth, females, and a group of people in quarantine or isolation.
Contraceptive use and its consistency among eligible couples in a peri-urban area of Delhi, India: A secondary data analysis
Authors: Mogan K. A. , Sharma Priyanka , Khokhar Anita , Tiwari Poornima
Published: March 2022

Background:

Contraceptive use is important to stabilize population growth by reducing the net reproduction rate. The effectiveness of a contraceptive method is decided mainly by its consistent and correct use.

Methods:

A record-based study was undertaken with the aim to study the contraceptive usage and its consistency among eligible couples in a peri-urban area of Delhi, India. Data of 946 eligible couples were analysed. Descriptive analysis was performed and odds ratios were calculated.

Results:

Mean age of females was found to be 30.3 ± 5.5 years and males was 33.5 ± 6.4 years. About 56.2% (532) eligible couples have used contraceptive at least once in the past 6 months and 54.7% (517) used them consistently for 6 months of the study period. There were 12.3 pregnancies per 100 non-users, 2.2 pregnancies per 100 ever users and 1.9 per 100 consistent users (1.7 for condoms and 0.2 for OCPs). Couples having two or more children, having two or more male children and with less than five years of age difference between husband and wife were found to have significantly higher odds of ever and consistent contraceptive use compared to other eligible couples (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

More than half of the eligible couples were found to be using contraceptives ever in past 6 months, and 54.7% of eligible couples were using them consistently. There is a need to explore social, cultural factors, awareness levels associated with the ever and consistent use of contraceptives for improving overall couple protection rate and enhancing the consistency in usage.
Management of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) associated mucormycosis with palatal ulcer, dental pain and anterior maxillary teeth mobility- A clinical dilemma of Covid 19 pandemic in India
Authors: Ahmad Asib , Singh Aparna , Anand Siddharth , Megha Vasundhara , Maharaj Anuranjan
Published: March 2022

Mucormycosis represents a group of life-threatening infections caused by fungi of the order mucorales of subphylum mucormycotina. Due to high vascularity, the maxilla rarely undergoes necrosis. Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fulminant fungal infection, which mainly infects immune-compromised patients. Due to the inhalation of fungal spores, the infection may begin in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Necrosis of hard and soft tissues is due to thrombosis of arteries, which is caused by the inhalation of fungal spores. We report a case of maxillary necrosis by mucormycosis in a COVID-19-recovered patient to emphasize the early diagnosis of this potentially fatal fungal infection. We reviewed the current concepts in the management of mucormycosis and different diseases that can lead to maxillary necrosis. The mortality and morbidity of this lethal fungal infection can be successfully reduced by early diagnosis and quick treatment by the general primary care provider, family physicians, and dentists.
Different diets and their effect on tuberculosis prevention in HIV patients
Authors: Kouhpayeh Hamidreza
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

The relationship between nutrition and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases is logically proven. Nutrition affects the immune system and the health of the organs. Inadequate dietary intake endangers the immune system, which itself increases susceptibility to disease and often culminates in active disease. The disease then reduces the body’s appetite and ability to absorb nutrients, and the cycle continues. Considering the importance of the role of nutrition in the health of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, this current review aimed to discuss the different diets and their effects on tuberculosis (TB) prevention in HIV patients.

Method and Materials:

The present study evaluates the important points related to AIDS and the prevention and treatment of this disease by considering the diet and known scientific cases during the last 10 years, in simple terms, the prevalence of this disease.

Result:

Articles were searched by valid databases in May 2021. The findings showed that in addition to malnutrition, the high prevalence of infectious diseases can have serious consequences for public health. Many people will be safe from getting infections if there are safe and effective interventions for many of these infectious diseases.

Conclusion:

Based on the information presented herein, it is clear that TB affects the nutritional status. Many patients with active TB experience severe weight loss, and many people with the symptoms show a lack of vitamins and minerals.
Mucormycosis - The deadly fungus – A case report with dental perspective
Authors: Chakraborty Rakashree , Pandya Divya , Dausage Priyanka , Chawla Ashmita K.
Published: March 2022

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by members of Mucorales and zygomycotic species. These are saprophytes known as Mucormycotina that grow from rotten matter or soils during the decomposition of soil. It has been seen affecting many COVID-19-affected patients recently in India. Mucormycosis can be diagnosed in six different sites depending on the immunological status and the site of the body affected. The six manifestations are rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system or disseminated forms. Here, we present a dental case of mucormycosis or black fungus disease that has affected an immune-compromised patient who had suffered from COVID-19 2 months ago. Surgical debridement was done and the histopathologic study revealed fungal hyphae. Systemic antifungal therapy was administered that helped the patient to recover in 7-week time.
Prevalence, knowledge, and related factor of anemia among school-going adolescent girls in a remote area of western Rajasthan
Authors: Verma Kamala , Baniya Girish C.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Anemia is a significant health problem among adolescent girls. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, related factors, and knowledge about anemia among adolescent girls in a remote area of western Rajasthan.

Methods:

In a rural area of western Rajasthan, a cross-sectional study of 625 adolescent girls aged 11 to 19 years was carried out. Participants completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic, clinical, and knowledge questions about anemia and its related factors. An HemoCue was used for hemoglobin analysis and anemia diagnosis.

Results:

Anemia was found in 56.32% (n = 352) of the recruited population, with a mean of 9.92 (SD = 1.40). Mild, moderate, and severe anemia were found in 29.12%, 22.24%, and 4.96% of the participants, respectively. Girls aged 11 to 14 (AOR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.76–6.38, P value = 0.042) and those with lower socioeconomic status (AOR = 4.37, 95% CI: 1.39–8.25, P value = 0.022) were more likely to have anemia than those of older age and higher socioeconomic status. Anemia was less prevalent in only one child/no siblings (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16–0.73, P value = 0.041), and more prevalent in girls having less than 21 days of menstruation cycle (AOR = 5.37, 95% CI: 2.38–9.63, P value = 0.013), and 21 to 25 days of menstruation cycle (AOR = 3.81, 95% CI: 1.27–5.94, P value = 0.027). A total of 39.84% stated that anemia was caused by iron deficiency, followed by improper diet (32.64%). Furthermore, 56.32% agreed that the most common symptoms of anemia were weakness, and 51.36% of girls were told that anemia was treated with iron supplementation and a balanced diet (39.68%). Green leafy vegetables were considered a good source of iron by 56.48%, and 53.28% were educated about anemia by a teacher, followed by books (45.44%) and media (43.36%).

Conclusion:

The study shows high prevalence of anemia among adolescent females in the remote area of western Rajasthan. To improve girls health, it is necessary to increase their knowledge, attitudes, and practices in this area. Educational intervention and routine health check-up would be excellent ways to accomplish this.
Grade 2 disability among leprosy patients: A pilot study from an endemic area of Central India
Authors: Shravani Bada , Ganguly Satyaki , Shukla Arvind K. , Chhabra Namrata , Prabha Neel , Sachdev Divya , Khare Soumil
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim:

Deformities and disabilities in leprosy lead to significant morbidity to the individual and financial burden to the family. As the prevalence of leprosy is higher in central India, this study was conducted to know the burden of deformity and disability among leprosy patients in central India and the factors associated with it.

Materials and methods:

This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study, conducted on 50 new or on treatment or released from treatment leprosy patients, attending the Dermatology OPD of a tertiary care institute in Central India. Disability was graded as per the WHO criteria for disability grading of hands and feet.

Results:

Grade 2 disability was found among 32% of the patients with leprosy, whereas a total of 60% of our patients had either grade 1 or grade 2 disabilities. Trophic ulcer was found among 20% and claw hand among 14% of leprosy patients. We found significant associations of lepromatous leprosy with trophic ulcer (p = 0.004) and grade 2 disability (p = 0.012). All patients with claw hands and 80% of the patients with trophic ulcers presented to the healthcare facility at least 6 months after the onset of symptoms.

Conclusions:

We found very high rates of disability and deformity among leprosy patients indicating possible huge burden of morbidity among leprosy patients in central India. The significant association of lepromatous leprosy with trophic ulcer and grade 2 disability indicated delayed presentation and diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy patients. Our results underlined the need for large scale community-based studies on disability and deformity among leprosy patients in Central India. These results also call for better training of primary level healthcare workers for early detection and management of deformities and disabilities as well as better patient education for leprosy patients regarding hand and foot care.
Perceptions and attitudes toward unusual complications following breast implant surgeries among Saudi female patients: How knowledgeable are our patients?
Authors: Mortada Hatan , Ibrahim Najat , Almousa Hisham , Aldihan Rema , Arab Khalid
Published: March 2022

Background:

The number of breast implant-related procedures has rapidly increased. Given the current increase in social media coverage and its influence on the decision to undergo breast implant surgeries, it is critical to identify patients’ misinformation about unusual complications related to breast implants. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the perceptions and attitudes toward unusual complications related to breast implants among patients who underwent breast implant surgeries.

Methods:

In the present cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was distributed between April 2021 and May 2021 among patients who had undergone breast implant surgeries between 2016 and 2021 at King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The 26-item questionnaire was distributed online to assess the participants’ perceptions about breast implant illness (BII), capsular contracture, and breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23.0.

Results:

In total, 106 patients who underwent breast implant surgeries were included in the present study (response rate: 73.6%). Their mean age was 43.68 ± 10.69 years. The reason for undergoing breast implant surgery was cosmetic in 41.5% of the participants and reconstructive in 58.5%. Moreover, 22.6%, 23.6%, and 24.5% of the participants had knowledge about BIA-ALCL, BII, and capsular contracture, respectively.

Conclusions:

The present findings indicate that it is important for plastic surgeons to discuss unusual complications related to breast implants with patients on a regular basis. Despite the obscurity of these complications, such discussions are important to provide best available information to patients.
Impact of exclusive breast feeding until six months of age on common illnesses: A prospective observational study
Authors: Penugonda Asha J. , Rajan Roshni J. , Lionel Arul P. , Kompithra Rajeev Z. , Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan , Mathew Leni G.
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

The WHO recommends exclusive breast feeding (EBF) for all infants for the first six months of life. National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16) shows EBF rates of only 54.9%. We conducted a prospective study to assess prevalence of EBF and incidences of illnesses in infants from birth till six months of age.

Methods:

Healthy term infants born in our hospital between December 2017 and November 2018 were recruited at birth. Structured diary cards were given to mothers to record feeding patterns, occurrence and severity of illnesses. Mothers were interviewed at 6, 10, 14 and 26 weeks or contacted by telephone at 18 and 22 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM Statistics 22.

Results:

The prevalence of EBF among 450 infants (M:F = 1.3:1) who completed the study was 47% at 6 months. 185 (69 EBF + 116 non-EBF) of 450 infants reported a total of 242 illnesses, most commonly respiratory (82.6%) followed by gastrointestinal (11.6%). Number of illnesses per infant was 0.45 and 0.6 in EBF group and non-EBF group respectively (p = 0.015). Illness incidences in EBF infants were significantly lower during all successive time intervals after 10 weeks of age. Logistic regression analysis confirmed significantly lower illness incidences in EBF infants at 10-14 weeks [OR = 0.27 (CI 0.12-0.64)] and 18-22 weeks [OR = 0.50 (CI 0.27-0.90)].

Conclusions:

The prevalence of EBF is suboptimal in our setting, with illness incidences significantly higher in non-EBF children. Appropriate intervention strategies need to be tailored to reinforce early initiation and continuation of EBF throughout the first six months of life.