bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Computer Aided Learning for Teacher and Students in Promoting Assimilation of Knowledge. A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Makenzie Alfonso Makenzie
Published: January 2023

Purpose:  No matter how superior the techniques employed are, it’s only through positive attitudes of teachers that the benefits of computer integration into the curriculum instruction could be realized. The overall objective of this study was to examine influence of computer aided learning for teacher and students in promoting assimilation of knowledge.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concluded that all the teachers and majority of the students (93.2%) disagreed to the statement that they had never used a computer and that they were not interested. Based on teachers’ perceptions towards the use of computer aided learning all the teachers’ strongly disagreed to the statement that computers scare them. Analysis of results showed that the teachers had a positive attitude towards computer aided learning. They therefore agreed that they believed computers were important teaching tool. The study also concluded that he school boards of management were partly involved in the training of teachers on computer aided learning and that the ministry of education also organized training courses for teachers on computer aided learning.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study suggests that parents associations (PA) in schools should develop a PA fund and organize equipping schools with more computers and other computer aided learning resources in order to make teaching and learning using computer aided learning easier. The current study suggests that there is need to organize in-service training for teachers in order to equip them with expertise skills and knowledge and build their confidence with ICT tools.
The Influence of Internet Use on Socialization among the Youth: A Case of Undergraduate Students at University of Nairobi-Main Campus
Authors: Mwangi Harriet W. , Dr.  Magambo Esther , Dr.Njora Ruth
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of internet use on socialization among undergraduate students of University of NairobiMethodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The accessible population of the study was 15, 000 from main campus. Data was collected from a sample of 384 students from the university via use of questionnaire and an interview guide as data collection tools which contained both closed and open ended questions and encouraged the respondents to participate due to anonymity. The data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics. In particular excel SPSS and frequency tables were used.Results: The study findings indicated that internet use may not have a negative effect on socialization as indicated in literature. The findings uphold that internet users spend more time socializing with friends when compared to non-users. The forms of internet mostly used by University of Nairobi students are internet enabled cell phones followed by computer labs and cyber cafes. Internet enabled cell phones were preferred because of the portability, convenience and cost while computer labs was preferred because of accessibility and the fact that they are free. The social sites mostly used by both the undergraduate students were Facebook, electronic mail, yahoo messenger, twitter and Skype.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that since university of Nairobi undergraduates are frequent users of the internet, the university should increase the number of computers in the computer lab. It was also recommended that the university should exploit this avenue and ensure that more educational content are passed onto the students through the internet. This will pave way for e-learning. The university may use social media to reach the students as a part of a whistle blower policy where anonymous comments are posted, blogs and contributions on a certain issue can also be posted.
GLOSSAIRE DES MOTS TECHNIQUES FRANÇAIS-SWAHILI UTILISE EN ARCHITECTURE-BATIMENTS ET TRAVAUX PUBLICS EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO
Authors: LUTUMBA Delphin LUTUMBA , Stany YEFILE MPOSHI , MUSEU NTUNDA Gaston , LUFANGA Israël YETA
Published: January 2023

Cet article se propose cette fois-ci d’examiner les niveaux de connaissance des mots et termes techniques en langue INTERNATIONALE SWAHILI aussi bien parlée en particulier au Kasaï-Oriental par les étudiants de l’architecture, de bâtiments et des Travaux Publics et par les personnes intellectuellement indiscriminés du monde entier en général.

En effet, cette connaissance non seulement en sa langue propre ou maternelle  mais aussi en langue internationale telle que le Swahili, rendra aisée sans doute l’usage correcte de chaque mot ou terme lors de la construction ou de réalisation des diverses œuvres d’arts chez les utilisateurs.
Analysis of the quality of local council elections in Hoima city, mid-western Uganda
Authors: Mwesigwa David Mwesigwa , Acanga Alfred Acanga , Oryang Alex Chono , Oboi Alex Oboi , Obici Gilbert Obici
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to discuss the quality of local council elections by exploring factors that influence vote buying and vote selling during electoral seasons in Uganda.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study aimed at promoting free, fair and credible local council elections in Hoima city. The study was conducted in one city ward that is part of Hoima City Cohort Study (HCCS). The HCCS is a population-based cohort that was identified for purposes of this study. A total of 28 registered voters, resident in four study areas were enrolled into the study. Data were collected on socio-econ-political related characteristics. A regression model was used to generate voting frequency as a measure of association for factors that were associated with voter bribery.

Findings: Results suggest that voter bribery was high; higher in men than in women. Less than half had participated in more than two previous local council elections while slightly more than half were taking part in the second election. After adjusting for potential and suspected confounder, the factors that were negatively associated with voter bribery were: greed, poverty, and expectations; political party/candidate influence and lack of self-control were positively associated with voter bribery. Since political party/candidate influence and lack of self-control were positively associated with voter bribery in the area of study, targeting those having exorbitant resources to tempt voters may help reduce voter bribery in this area.

Unique Contribution to Policy and Practice: The results of this study may be useful to policy and practice since they can facilitate managers of electoral management bodies as well as political parties to evolve frameworks that can facilitate credible electoral processes.
The involvement of Non-Governmental Organizations activities in Household Poverty reduction in Oyam District, Uganda
Authors: Ocen Patrick Ocen , Acanga Alfred Acanga , Mwesigwa David Mwesigwa
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study examined the contribution of NGO activities on poverty reduction in Oyam District-Northern Uganda and recommends strategies for improving wellbeing of people of the region and entirely Uganda as a Country. This was based on account that, Oyam District was estimated with the lowest annual GDP per capita of 223 USD compared to the neighbouring Districts of Apac and Kole with the annual GDP per capita of 228 USD and 230 USD respectively

Methodology: The study used a correlational design with correlational and regression methods of analysis. It was conducted among beneficiaries of selected NGOs comprising a sample of 290 from a population of 860.

Findings: This study reveals a significant and positive contribution of NGO activities to poverty reduction in Oyam District and that NGO activities has a moderate relationship with household poverty level in Oyam District. The results further show that the financial support provided by NGOs significantly contributes to poverty reduction while the food security support provided does not.

Conclusion and recommendations: It is established that NGO activities contribute significantly to poverty reduction in Oyam District. This study recommends that the food security support be backed with the provision of market for the agricultural products of the NGO beneficiaries and in order to create income for them. The study further recommends for the NGO support to agricultural product market search for their beneficiaries as well as forming the beneficiaries in different groups and train them on financial literacy for better management of finances.

Unique contributions to policy and/or practice: This study contributes positively to the understanding of non-state actors and the role they play in reducing poverty among communities that are recovering from decades of civil war in Uganda.
Effect of Budget Finance on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Amos Adewale Segun , Ekperiware Moses Ekperiware , Oyetade John A. , Adewusi Adeyinka Adewusi
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of budget finance on Nigeria’s economic growth using annual data from 1991 to 2021 and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag technique.

Methodology: The E-Views 10 statistical software was employed to carry out multiple Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001) to empirically analyses the long- and short-run effect of budget finance on economic growth in Nigeria 1991 to 2021.

Results: The results of the study showed that government capital expenditures during the period had negative and non – significant effects on Nigeria’s real gross domestic product but recurrent expenditure and debt shows that there is positive and significant relationship with Nigeria’s real gross domestic product. The results suggested that there should be proper monitoring in the capital expenditure project in order to contribute positively to the economic growth in Nigeria.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practices: The study recommends that government should improve in their capital expenditure for increase in the growth of the economics. In addition, the government should ensure adequate capital and recurrent expenditure implementation in the country, particularly in construction of roads and buildings, and efficient capital budget implementation in the country. Moreover, is it advisable for government to reduce the level of borrowings because if continues it will lead to debts of the country.
POTENTIAL AND CONSTRAINTS OF PUBLIC DEBT AS A TOOL FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Monga're Carolyne K. , Nyandemo Dr. Samuel
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study sought to determine the potential and constraints of public debt as a tool for economic growth.Methodology: The study used secondary data for a time series of 1980 to 2012. Data used in this study is secondary and is extracted from the Government of Kenya Economic Surveys, Statistical Abstracts, World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank and data from the public debt annual report of Kenya.Results: It was concluded that there was co integration among the long run variables. Results also indicated that in the long run, public domestic debt has a positive and significant relationship with GDP growth rate.Unique contribution to theory: The study recommends that government should borrow sustainably.It is also recommended that domestic debt should be kept to a manageable level.It is recommended that labour quality be improved through training and education as doing so would improve the GDP growth rate.Keywords: public debt ,economic growth, policy recommendations, research findings
Impact of Petroleum Consumption on Economic Growth in Kenya
Authors: Wambui Eunice Wanjiku , Gor Dr. Omondi S. , Machyo Dr. P. O.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to find the relationship between petroleum consumption and economic growth in Kenya.Methodology: A modified Cobb-Douglas production function was used to analyse the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. In this study, secondary annual time series data covering the period 1980-2009 was used. All variables were expressed in natural logarithms. The data on GDP, population, labor force and private capital and petroleum consumption were collected from the various issues of the annual Kenya Economic surveys and statistical abstracts (1980-2008). Relevant data on petroleum consumption was also obtained from the ministry of Energy.Results: The estimation results of the long-run relationship revealed that the relationship between petroleum consumption and GDP, and private capital and GDP was positive and statistically significant.  Estimation of Error-correction model showed that in short run there was a positive and statistically insignificant relationship between GDP and lagged petroleum consumption. Finally, Granger causality tests imply a unidirectional Granger causality running from petroleum consumption to GDP.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Given the long-term positive effects on the economy, the study recommended that an energy growth policy in the petroleum consumption should be adopted in such a way that it stimulates growth in the economy. To encourage petroleum consumption, both supply side and demand side dynamics should be addressed. For instance, the domestic price of petroleum should be reduced to a level that stimulates both household and industry demand. Structural problems such as the lack of proper storage facility that could stabilize prices during petroleum stocks were indeed necessary
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE BENEFITS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION FROM COMESA FOR ZAMBIA
Authors: Jambo Habeenzu Lennon , Sundjo Fabien
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The world at large in the last three to four decades has shown greater impetus for regionalism, from Europe’s EU, South America’s MERCOSUR, Southeast Asia’s ASEAN, North America’s NAFTA and Africa’s numerous RECs among which eight are recognized as building blocks for the now AfCFTA among others. While for other parts of the world, the driving force to regionalism may be different, for Africa, Pan Africanism and African Renaissance have been the push forces behind regionalism. This study therefore took interest to look at the benefits of belonging to a REC, with the ultimate objective of empirically investigating the benefits of COMESA’s integration for Zambia’s growth for the period 1975-2017.Methodology: Using a variable that represented the presence of integration and time series data, the ordinary least squares (OLS) technique was estimated to establish significance and relevance of integration on growth. Findings: The findings among others revealed that the variable representing integration had no significant effect on long-run GDP growth, FDI and trade. However, it did have a significant effect on investment. On the other hand, the findings of the analysis of COMESA programmes being implemented in Zambia revealed that Zambia largely benefits from COMESA, citing among others the infrastructure development of four of the five border posts shared by Zambia and its neighbours.Contributions to theory, policy and practice: The study recommends that Zambia and indeed all COMESA Member States refrain from the use of Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs). Additionally, Safeguard Measures must be sought for countries seeking to protect their infant domestic industries and adherence to the NTBs and TBTs resolution framework under COMESA. These if unchecked have a potential of undermining the benefits Member States can obtain from COMESA integration.
CONTRIBUTION OF NATIONAL IMAGE, BUSINESS CLIMATE, AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO FDI AMONG SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NATIONS
Authors: Chen Yuwei , Ndemo Bitange , Ogutu Martin , Iraki W. N.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the contribution of National Image, Business Climate, and Technology Transfer to FDI among Sub-Saharan Africa nations.

Methodology: This study was based on positivism approach and study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. The population of the study was all of SSA 46 countries and a census survey of all the countries in SSA was done hence no sampling was done. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. A structured research questionnaire was used in collecting primary data. The questionnaire was administered to the Heads of Foreign Missions of each of the 46 SSA countries in Kenya. Secondary data was used for data on FDI obtained from the UNCTAD publications. Data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Testing of hypothesis was done through Adjusted R2 F-ratio test (Analysis of Variance) and regression of the coefficient.

Results: The study established the synergistic contributions of national image, business climate and technology transfer to FDI among Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Adjusted R square shows that the overall model explained 88.5% of changes in FDI. The overall model was also statistically significant (F= 95.709, p-value< .05). The influence of individual variables was statistically significant for business climate (B= 1.240, p-value< .05) and technology transfer (B= .540, p-value< .05) and not statistically significant for national image (B= .282, p-value> .05).

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The findings of this study support the need for Sub-Saharan Africa countries to create a national image individually as countries and as a block as this will go a long way in attracting FDI which will eventually translate to economic development. It is therefore prudent for countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to understand the national image dimensions in the regional context in order to carry out frequent analysis and develop strategic approaches relevant to their FDI competitiveness.
Educational Intervention to Improve adherence to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Control Practice Among Nurses at Two Hospitals in Egypt
Authors: Wafaa Mahmoud Elboraey Elsayed , Amany Mohamed Shebl , Heba Abd El Kader Ali , Eman Sobhy Omran
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve adherence to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus control practice among nurses at two Hospitals in Egypt. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen and the most common multidrug-resistant bacterium which is responsible for nosocomial infections, with elevated morbidity and mortality rate. Nurses need a comprehensive intervention to improve adherence to MRSA control practice in order to decrease the rate of its spread.

Research design: Pre /post-quasi-experimental design was used in this study. This study was carried out at two hospitals in Egypt (Mansoura Chest Disease and Benha University Hospital). A convenient sample of 80 nurses. Tool I- Nurses’s Structured Interview Questionnaire in Arabic language. Tool II - Observational Checklist for MRSA and Infection Control Practice. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the data. Chi-square and r (correlation) were used to correlate between the studied variables.

Methodology: Before the application of educational intervention 32.5% of nurses has poor practice levels and the percentage decreased to 7.5%, 14.5  immediately and 2 months post-educational intervention respectively.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The educational intervention was effective in improving adherence to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus control practice among nurses at the two hospitals as there is a statistically significant difference between all phases of the study regarding nurses' practice. Emphasizing the importance of following the latest updated evidence-based approaches to infection control in continuing training programs, and infection prevention with national guidelines (standard precautions) should be provided.
EVALUATION OF STEREOTYPED MOVEMENTS USING HIGH TECHNOLOGY DEVICES FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM
Authors: Ribeiro Louise Bogéa , Silva Filho Manoel da
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Delays and motor deficiencies in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are extremely common and often announce the appearance of widespread atypical development. However, they are not properly emphasized in the diagnostic or assessment criteria for ASD. Thus, our paper provides a literature review on the motor evaluation of stereotyped movements of ASD individuals in relation to early diagnosis, treatment and possible interventions.

Methodology: Computerized searches (Pubmed) and manual searches were performed to identify the most relevant studies. We used the following keywords and search terms: autism spectrum disorder, autism, ASD, motor skills, motor disorders, stereotyped movement, assessment, evaluation, measurement, diagnosis, detection. Identified studies were screened by abstracts and conclusions for relevance. The criteria for the inclusion in the review were as follows: peer-reviewed studies; published after 2010; English-language. The following exclusion criteria were applied: published before 2010; participants diagnosed with other developmental disorders than ASD; studies focusing on participants with ASD that did not evaluate motor skills and development.

Findings: Early diagnosis of ASD is essential to develop effective interventions and mitigate the ASD main symptoms. Our results show that objective and quantitative measures of motor function should be considered as a priority for future research on the subject.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Specific motor and movement deviations such as stereotyped movements must be evaluated using high technology devices to promote the early diagnosis of children with ASD. Thus, motor deficits should be considered to effectively diagnose ASD. We highly recommend evaluating movement using quantitative methods to assess significant gaps in motor function of ASD individuals.
LIPID PEROXIDATION AND EXPRESSION OF PARAOXONASE-1 (PON-1) GENE IN PATIENTS WITH PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: Arobasalu B. O. , Akinlua I.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To evaluate lipid peroxidation and expression of paraoxonase-1 (pon-1) gene in patients with preeclampsia.

Methodology: The study comprised of 160 participants, in which 80 were normotensive pregnant women (Group A) and 80 were preeclamptic pregnant women (Group B). Serum MDA levels and PON-1 gene activity were estimated. The expression of data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20.0. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the test samples, p value <0.05 was considered significant.

Findings: MDA levels were significantly elevated in preeclamptic pregnant women when compared to normotensive. Also, PON-1 gene expression levels were significantly decreased in preeclamptic pregnant women when compared to normotensive.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The significant increase in the plasma level of Malondialdehyde and decreases expression of PON-1 gene could be responsible for the presence of oxidative stress and its associated complications in PE patients.
EFFECTS OF ADIPONECTIN ON GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN PORT HARCOURT RESIDENTS
Authors: Kiyesi Adekemi , Ogamba Michael , Meka Ijeoma , Tokunbo Ajala
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study determined the effects of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism in Port Harcourt residents, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Methodology: The study was conducted in the Medical Outpatient Clinic and Chemical Pathology Department of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), among 384 individuals who presented with metabolic disorders or for routine medical screening, using a sample size of 50% prevalence for insulinemia and employing the formula; N= Z2pq/d2. 5ml of venous blood was taken from the median cubital vein into an EDTA bottle for the laboratory analysis, while data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 and the results presented in tables as frequencies and percentages.

Results: The socio-demographic characteristics was mostly 31-40 years, 273(82.0%) old, mainly females, 204(61.3%), mostly married, 182(54.7%), Christians, 333(100.0%) and had secondary education, 166(49.8%). Triglyceride level was mostly normal, 309(92.8%), HDLc was mostly low, 177(53.2%), LDLc was mostly good, 326(97.9%) and total cholesterol was mainly high, 322(96.7%). Fasting Blood Sugar was mostly normal, 197(59.2%) and high, 134(40.2%), Body Mass Index was mostly normal, 232(69.7%), Blood Pressure was mostly normal and high (138(41.4%) and 104(31.2%), and adiponectin level was mostly normal, 286(85/9%). 

The association between adiponectin and plasma lipids was not statistically significant for all the lipids (triglycerides, HDLc, LDLc and total cholesterol) at 0.780, 0.616, 0.556 and 0.172 respectively, while the relationship between adiponectin and glucose metabolism shows that BMI was not statistically significant, 0.129, but FBS was weakly significant, 0.069. Similarly, there is a strong correlation between adiponectin and nutrients like glucose and lipids.

Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice: It is important to undertake routine medical checks, as certain deviations in nutrient metabolism may not manifest immediately, but transient changes can be revealed by routine investigation and early interventions initiated to either remedy or avert occurrence.
THE UTILIZATION OF MOSQUITO NETS IN THE MAROUA II MUNICIPALITY IN THE DIAMARE DIVISION OF THE FAR NORTH REGION OF CAMEROON
Authors: Fombang Nancy Ambo , Mouliom Moungbakou Ibrahim Bienvenu
Published: January 2023

Purpose

One of the highly recommended strategies to “Roll Back Malaria” was the utilization of treated mosquito nets as personal protective devices to kill or repel mosquitoes. Since the adoption of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) as a key preventive tool in 2002, several campaigns of free distribution of ordinary nets and of late, long lasting insecticidal treated nets (LLINs) were conducted all over the country. The aim of this study is to show that there is a lot of misuse of mosquito nets in the Maroua II municipality.

Methodology

This research is based on both direct and indirect sources of information as 25 key informants were randomly selected and interviewed. Primary data is collected through interviews with key informants. Direct observation was also used during which, many photographs illustrating the various uses of mosquito nets were shot. Secondary data was collected from documentations with relevant information pertaining to this study.  The data collection tools used were a question guide, a recorder, dicta phone, a note book, a pen and above all a field aider who assisted most of the time on the field in translating from Fulfude language to French language. Data collected from this study was analyzed by explaining and describing phenomenon with the aid of photos and tables.

Findings

 In Maroua II municipality, mosquito nets have both the universal and necessary functions as it is very hard to regulate or prevent the inappropriate uses in a country where so many people are poor. While some see the treated nets as a lifesaving gift, others see them as a discomfort that provides only partial protection against a trivial illness, this is why many uses of nets have been created which means that these mosquito nets are versatile. 28% use mosquito nets for malaria prevention, 32% for economic activities, 20% for esthetics, 8% for sports and 12% had no use for the nets. 96% of the treated mosquito nets owned in Maroua II were acquired free of charge. The nets are being used for so many other purposes other than the prevention of malaria. 72% of the respondents did not use the nets for the right purpose. Items acquired free of charge are not valued that is why these nets were used for other things rather than preventing malaria.

Recommendations

There is need for intense sensitization on the utilization of mosquito needs in the community. Mosquito nets should not be given free of charge as so many people do not value gifts. All those who use mosquito nets for other activities rather than to prevent malaria should be severely punished.
A perspective review on the paradigm shift in Local Economic Development interventions in developmental Uganda
Authors: Mwesigwa David Mwesigwa , Acanga Alfred Acanga , Oryang Alex Chono , Oboi Alex Oboi
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the success of one LED intervention – the youth livelihood program from obtainable literature.

Methodology: This study adopted a desk review method using secondary data from obtainable policy, theoretical and empirical literature.

Findings: Results suggest a recurrent problem in the selection of beneficiaries, inept business management skills of the youth selected and/or administrative incompetence of fund administrators. Consequently, the need to refocus the current training on agricultural value addition training with a view of meeting the credit value criteria of Commercial Banks and relevant agencies tasked with disbursement of Youth Entrepreneurship Funds is key.

Recommendations: It is encouraged that training of youth in business development, scaling, marketing, and management be integrated into the BTVET curriculum and supported by mentorship programs upon completion of their formal training. Also, mentorships and business incubators and/or hubs need to be set up and to be accessed by the youth themselves country wide.

Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This analysis contributes to the LED policy and YLP practice seeing that it targets household level income generation, creation of prosperity and enhanced sources of revenue, as well as giving support to the active poor to progress basing on the available means.
The Role of Access to Finances and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries. A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Kimani Hannah Kimani
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Financial institutions improves the well-being of participants through job creation, increasing income and building assets (wealth). It makes poor people to be homeowners through schemes such as housing microfinance. The overall objective of this study was to examine influence of access to finances and poverty reduction in developing countries. A critical literature review

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: This study concluded that access to home improvement finances led to improvement in living conditions from living in shanties to permanent dwellings hence better living conditions and reduction in poverty. Access to school fees loans led to higher enrolment rates in schools improving literacy levels in developing countries and hence reducing poverty. Lower interest rates led to more access to microfinance loans and in the long run a reduction in poverty, availability of collaterals meant ability to pay and credit worthiness of respondent’s hence easier access to microfinance loans which leads to poverty reduction in the long run. Favourable credit policy led to increased access to microfinance loans and vice versa.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that financial institutions that are able to give out loans to help serve the poor, should arrange mechanisms to improve technical and business skills of the poorest through training and loan utilization. This will enhance their business skills to use credit and establish market channels for their products.
Counter Measures Used by Pastoralist in Arid Areas on Environmental Hazards. A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Kariuki Robert Kariuki
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Climate variability, population explosion, and poverty have lowered the adaptive capacity to climate variability of pastoralists in arid and semi-arid areas. The overall objective of this study was to examine counter measures used by pastoralist in arid areas on environmental hazards. A critical literature review

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concluded that about 14.8% of the residents in arid and semi-arid areas depend on relatives for economic support, while 3.3% depend on friends, 0.7% on loans for women groups, and 1.3% on government projects for support. About 73.0% do not have other sources of livelihood. Dependence on relatives and friends for economic support increases vulnerability to climate variability because it does not provide a consistent income source. Moreover, a lack of livelihood diversification increases vulnerability to climate variability. About 94.70% of the residents do not benefit from cash transfer programs. The 5.30% who receive cash transfers receive it from the government and NGOs. However, most residents do not benefit from cash transfers, which is a sign of poor coordination between the government and NGOs.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that the relevant  governments in arid and semi-arid areas should formulate and implement appropriate policies and strategies to improve adaptive capacity of women to climate variability in arid and semi-arid areas because most of the taboos in arid and semi-arid target women and reduce their ability to cope with climate variability. Programs to strengthen their adaptation strategies should also be introduced because most of their livelihood diversification methods such as charcoal burning contribute to environmental degradation and consequently to global warming.
CONTRIBUTION OF FIRE INSURANCE TO THE GROWTH OF BUSINESSES IN KENYA
Authors: Kajwang Ben
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Loss of business because of fire damage can be financially debilitating. This damage can be difficult to recover from and the business owner may face a financial crisis. Nevertheless, cushion-like fire insurance can help can increase the ability of business owners to rebuild their businesses after experiencing fire damage. The purpose of this research work was to examine how fire insurance contributes to the growth of businesses and make recommendations for Kenyan business enterprises.  This study therefore highlights the key opportunities and advantages that business owners in Kenya can utilize to grow their businesses when they have a working fire insurance.

Methodology: A desk-study method was adopted. Relevant book references and journal articles for the study were identified using Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria entailed papers that were not over five years old.

Findings: This study found out that having fire insurance is a key contributor to the growth of businesses. Fire insurance can help businesses to recover the cost of expensive business equipment. These include business buildings, machinery, furniture, electrical fittings, inventory, and other accessories. This is beneficial because the business owners can repurchase and restock the business as needed. This study concludes that fire insurance is useful to businesses as the security provided by the insurance motivates business operators to invest more into the business, creating more revenue for the economy.

Recommendations: The study recommends business owners in Kenya insure their business against fire and have working fire prevention measures on their business premises. The study also recommends business owners have a solid and practical disaster recovery plan. The purpose of a workable disaster recovery plan is to minimize financial losses, maintain the continuity of operation, ensure the integrity of data and restore normal operation in a timely and cost-effective manner. The study also recommends the establishment of a strong relationship between insured and insurers to enhance the fire insurance penetration in the business community. Awareness programs, public education, government involvement, encouragement for risk assessment, and risk-based premiums at affordable rates are some of the approaches that can be utilized to increase fire insurance penetration in the business community.
INFLUENCE OF PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE AMONG COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN KENYA
Authors: Kubochi Doreen Beyo , Moronge Dr. Makori
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to examine the influence of performance contracting on procurement performance among county governments in Kenya.Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design, targeting procurement staff at county government headquarters. The researcher preferred this method because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. The study population was the 13 county governments with annual budgetary allocation of Ksh 8 Billion and above in Kenya; the respondents were the procurement officers of these counties. 181 procurement officers were selected using simple random sampling and were issued with questionnaires. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The data collected was analysed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regression model was used to show the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. The data generated was keyed in and analysed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 to generate information which was presented using charts, frequencies and percentages.Results: First, in regard to key performance indicators, the regression coefficients of the study show that it has a significant influence of 0.537 on performance of county governments. Second in regard to monitoring and evaluation, the regression coefficients of the study show that it has a significant influence of 0.097 on performance of county governments. With regard to the third objective, the regression coefficients of the study show that it has a significant influence of 0.067 on performance of county governments. Lastly, in regard to the fourth objective, the regression coefficients of the study show that it has a significant influence of 0.080 on performance of county governments.Conclusion: Based on the study findings, the study concludes that performance of county governments can be improved by key performance indicators, monitoring and evaluation, balanced scorecard and governance structures.Policy recommendation: Existing literature indicates that as a future avenue of research, there is need to undertake similar research in other institutions and public sector organizations in Kenya and other countries in order to establish whether the explored practices herein can be generalized to affect performance in public entities.
INFLUENCE OF SUPPLIER COMPETENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA
Authors: Wachiuri Elizabeth Wangu , Waiganjo Dr. Esther , Ismail Dr. Noor , Odhiambo Prof. Romanus
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of supplier competence on the performance of state corporations in KenyaMethodology: The study adopted cross-sectional survey design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population was all the 187 state corporations in Kenya. The study employed a census approach. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. A pilot study was conducted to measure the research instruments reliability and validity. Descriptive statistics were used aided by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 24 to compute percentages of respondents’ answers. Inferential statistics using linear regression and correlation analysis were applied to assist examining relationship between the research variables. The results were presented using tables and graphs.Results: The findings revealed that supplier competence explained 44.1 % of the total variations in performance of state corporations in Kenya. Further, the results indicated that the overall model was statistically significant as supported by a p value of 0.000. This was supported by an F statistic of 111.904 and the reported p value (0.000) which was less than the conventional probability of 0.05 significance level. In addition, the findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between supplier competence and performance of state corporations in Kenya as supported by a p value of 0.000 and a beta coefficient of (0.903). This implies that an increase in supplier competence by 1 unit would increase the performance of state corporations by 0.903units.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy:  Based on the findings, the study recommended that suppliers should develop competent technical abilities so as to provide high quality products or services. Some of the technical dimensions that suppliers should develop competence in include; compliance with quantity, compliance with due date, compliance with packaging standard, production planning systems of suppliers, and maintenance activities of suppliers, plant layout and material. It’s also recommended that state corporations in Kenya should check frequently if supplier organisation is abreast with the newer information technology developments as technology is very dynamic and changes regularly as the technology that was used in the past is not the one we using now and it will not be the one we will use tomorrow.
INFLUENCE OF SUPPLIER EVALUATION CRITERIA ON PERFORMANCE OF METALS AND ALLIED FIRMS IN KENYA
Authors: Kimani Mary Nyambura , Mwangangi Dr. Patrick
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study aimed at examining the influence of supplier evaluation on performance of metal and allied firms in Kenya by focusing on supplier’s financial capability, supplier’s regulatory compliance, supplier’s technical capability and supplier’s level of human resource competency. The study was guided by Lean Supplier Competence Model, Institutional Theory, Resource Based Theory and Social Exchange Theory.Methodology: The population target of the study comprised of 213 respondents drawn from managerial, supervisory and junior positions in procurement departments in all 71 metal and allied firms in Kenya. The study adopted a census method where it included all members of the target population. Questionnaires and data collection sheets were used to collect primary and secondary data respectively. The collected data was coded and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics where regression analysis was used to establish the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Descriptive and inferential results were presented in form of tables and figures. Pilot study was conducted prior data collection to test reliability and validity of data collection instruments.Results: The findings of the study revealed that supplier’s financial capability, supplier’s regulatory compliance, supplier’s technical capability and supplier’s level of human resource competence have a positive and significant influence on performance of metal and allied firms in Kenya.Recommendations: The study recommends that metal and allied firms should focus on supplier’s financial capability, supplier’s regulatory compliance, supplier’s technical capability and supplier’s level of human resource competence when conducting supplier’s evaluation  since the practices have a positive and significant influence on performance of metal and allied firms.
INFLUENCE OF SUPPLY BASE RATIONALIZATION ON PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN KENYA
Authors: CHEGE ANTONY NYUTU , OCHIRI Dr, GEORGE
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study aimed at establishing how; triangle approach, Pareto’s approach, ‘improve or else’ method and competency staircase method influence the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya.Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design, the study prefers this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. The 2017 KAM directory has listing of members (firms) by sectors which contains a register of 12 sectors of those in manufacturing firms spread all over the country. The population of the large sized registered members as per the directory is 499.This study used the large sized firms only. This study used Cochran’s formula to sample 165 large manufacturing firms from the total population, heads of procurement were the respondents. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to collect qualitative and quantitative data. Secondary data was collected from firm’s reports and websites.Results: The findings of the study indicated that triangle approach, Pareto’s approach, improve or else method and competency staircase method have a positive relationship with performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya.Conclusion: Based on the study findings, the study concludes that performance of manufacturing firms can be improved by triangle approach, Pareto’s approach, improve or else method and competency staircase method.Policy recommendation: The study recommended that manufacturing firms should embrace supply base rationalization so as to improve performance and further researches should to be carried out in other institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.
EFFECT OF BID CHALLENGE STRUCTURE ON SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SCHEME IN KENYA.
Authors: Ochola Philip Onyango , NZULWA DR. JOYCE
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To establish the influence of bid challenge structure on supply chain management in Kenya.Methodology: The study embraced descriptive research design in order to provide a framework to examine current conditions, trends and status of events. The respondents of the study were all published bid challenges cases decisions in PPARB website for a period of three years. The period covered 2011- 2013. The number of bid challenge decided cases was 173 for the study period. Primary data was collected using semi structured questionnaires. These questionnaires were constructed with both open and closed ended questions to enable for quantitative and qualitative analysis respectively. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Quantitative data was computed descriptively using frequencies and percentages while for inferential statistics regression analysis was conducted at a 5% (0.05) test significance level.Results: Procurement Review coefficient of 0.865 was found to be positive at significant level of 0.0012 and this indicates that Procurement Review has a positive influence on Supply chain projects, (X2) Administrative Review coefficient of 0.868 was found to be positive at significant level of 0.0022 and this indicates that Administrative Review has a positive influence on Supply chain projects, (X3) Judicial Review coefficient of 0.810 was found to be positive at significant level of 0.0019 and this indicates that Judicial Review has a positive influence on Supply chain projects. (X4) Independence of Review Authority coefficient of 0.741 was found to be positive at significant level of 0.001 and this indicates that Independence of Review Authority has a positive influence on Supply chain projects.Unique contribution to policy and practice: The study prescribes that resources need to be more utilized to enable more development and less wastage in the company. The study also recommends the company stakeholders to be actively involved in Supply chain projects.