bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression, Characterization and Selective Chemical Inhibition of Essential Schistosoma mansoni Tegumental Acetylcholinesterase (SmTAChE)
Authors: Skelly Patrick J. , Da’dara Akram A.
Published: February 2025

Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by worms of the genus Schistosoma, affects >250 million people worldwide. With no available vaccine, treatment relies solely on one drug—praziquantel—underscoring the urgent need for new therapies. We identified a tegumental, non-neuronal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Schistosoma mansoni—SmTAChE—as a promising drug target. RNA interference confirmed its essential role in parasite survival, as gene suppression significantly reduced parasite recovery from infected animals. Here, we produced functionally active recombinant SmTAChE by using a mammalian expression system. Biochemical characterization confirmed its identity as a true acetylcholinesterase, with the highest turnover rate (Kcat = 373 ± 39 s−1) and catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km = 1.17 × 106 M−1·S−1) for acetylthiocholine. Additionally, rSmTAChE was inhibited by classical AChE-specific inhibitors but not by a butyrylcholinesterase-specific inhibitor. To identify novel SmTAChE inhibitors, we developed a high-throughput chemical screening protocol (Z′ factor > 0.9) and screened a 1894-compound validation library. Twelve compounds reproducibly inhibited rSmTAChE by >30% at 7.5 µM, including known AChE inhibitors like physostigmine and new selective inhibitors. Notably, compound #2 preferentially inhibited rSmTAChE (IC50 = 0.74 µM) over human AChE (IC50 = 151 µM), thus providing a foundation for developing parasite-specific therapies targeting SmTAChE and potentially leading to new treatments for schistosomiasis.
Evaluation of Salt-Tolerant Germplasms and Identification of Salt Tolerance-Related Proteins in Upland Cotton at the Seedling Stage
Authors: Li Xiawen , Rehman Abdul , Wang Zhenzhen , Li Hongge , Ma Jun , Du Xiongming , Peng Zhen , He Shoupu
Published: February 2025

Currently, developing cotton cultivation in saline–alkali soils is a vital focus for restructuring the cotton industry in China. The seedling stage, specifically the three-leaf stage, is a crucial period for assessing the salt tolerance of cotton. This research examined 430 natural populations of upland cotton, including 45 semi-wild germlines of Gossypium purpurascens. We measured the phenotypic responses of salt stress injury on seedlings as well as potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in the roots, stems, and leaves following a 72 h exposure. The comprehensive salt tolerance index (CSTI) was determined using a membership function, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis based on 48 phenotypic traits related to salt tolerance. The results revealed significant variations in the phenotypic traits of the ion group under salt stress. Salt stress greatly affected the relative contents of Mg, K, and Ca ions in the aboveground parts of cotton, and correlations were observed among the 48 indices. The CSTI was calculated using seven principal component indexes, identifying 30 salt-tolerant, 114 weakly salt-tolerant, 39 salt-sensitive, and 4 highly sensitive materials based on cluster analysis. Among the 45 G. purpurascens cotton resources, 28 were weakly salt-tolerant, while 17 were salt-sensitive. Through TMT (Tandem Mass Tag)-based quantitative analysis, we identified 3107 unique peptides among 28,642 detected peptides, resulting in 203,869 secondary mass spectra, with 50,039 spectra successfully matched to peptides. Additionally, we identified several salt tolerance-related pathways (carbon metabolism; glutathione metabolism; the biosynthesis of amino acids, etc.) and proteins classified within the CAZy (Carbohydrate-Active EnZYme) family and expansin proteins. The results of this study concerning salt-tolerant materials provide a crucial theoretical foundation for the identification and evaluation of salt-tolerant breeding parents in cultivated cotton.
Homogeneity Between Cervical and Vaginal Microbiomes and the Diagnostic Limitations of 16S Sequencing for STI Pathogens at Higher Ct Values
Authors: Neidhöfer Claudio , Condic Mateja , Hahn Nathalie , Otten Lucia A. , Ralser Damian J. , Wetzig Nina , Thiele Ralf , Hoerauf Achim , Parčina Marijo
Published: February 2025

Understanding the interactions between the cervico-vaginal microbiome, immune responses, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is crucial for developing targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Although microbiome analyses are not yet standard practice, integrating them into routine diagnostics could enhance personalized medicine and therapies. We investigated the extent to which partial 16S short-read amplicon microbiome analyses could inform on the presence of six commonly encountered STI-causing pathogens in a patient cohort referred for colposcopy, and whether relevant taxonomic or diagnostic discrepancies occur when using vaginal rather than cervical swabs. The study cohort included cervical and vaginal samples collected from women referred for colposcopy at the University Hospital Bonn between November 2021 and February 2022, due to an abnormal PAP smear or positive hrHPV results. 16S rRNA gene sequencing libraries were prepared targeting the V1–V2 and V4 regions of the 16S RNA gene and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq. PCR diagnostics for common STI-causing pathogens were conducted using the Allplex STI Essential Assay Kit (Seegene, Seoul, Republic of Korea). Concerning the bacterial microbiome, no significant differences were found between vaginal and cervical samples in terms of prevalence of taxa present or diversity. A total of 95 patients and 171 samples tested positive for at least one among Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydophila trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sequencing the V1–V2 region enabled detection of one-third to half of the PCR-positive samples, with the detection likelihood increasing at lower cycle threshold (Ct) values. In contrast, sequencing the V4 region was less effective overall, yielding fewer species-level identifications and a higher proportion of undetermined taxa. We demonstrate that the vaginal microbiome closely mirrors the cervical microbiome, a relationship that has not been explored previously, but which broadens the possibilities for microbiome analysis and pathogen detection and establishes vaginal swabs as a reliable method for detecting the investigated pathogens, with sensitivities comparable with or superior to endocervical swabs. On the other hand, the sensitivity of partial 16S amplicon sequencing appears insufficient for effective STI diagnostics, as it fails to reliably identify or even detect pathogens at higher Ct values.
Genome-Wide Characterization of Gibberellin Oxidase Genes (GbGAoxs) and Illustration of Their Molecular Responses to Exogenous GA3 in Gossypium barbadense
Authors: Zhou Zixin , Wang Weiran , Zhao Nan , Wang Meng , Zhu Jiahui , Yang Jing , Aierxi Alifu , Kong Jie
Published: February 2025

As key enzymes in the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis pathway, GAoxs function as regulators of bioactive GA levels and plant architecture, yet little is understood about GAoxs in Gossypium. In this study, 78 GAox genes identified in four cotton species were divided into three subgroups: GA2ox, GA3ox, and GA20ox. Syntenic relationships of GAoxs in Gossypium suggested that divergencies in gene function may be attributed to whole-genome duplication during evolution. Cis-acting element analysis suggested that the GbGAox genes might participate in plant growth, development, and hormone responses. Moreover, transcriptome analysis was performed to characterize the molecular response of the exogenous GA3 application. It was found that DEGs (differentially expressed genes) are widely involved in cell division and cell wall modification, in which the most XTH (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase) and GAox genes responded actively to the exogenous GA3 treatment. Some transcription factors and protein kinases cooperated with those GbGAoxs in response to GA3. These findings underlie the biological function of GAox genes and their responses to GA3 in regulating plant growth in Gossypium barbadense.
Novel Camptothecin Derivative 9c with Enhanced Antitumor Activity via NSA2-EGFR-P53 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Du Fu , Zhang Aotong , Qi Xin , Yin Ruijuan , Jiang Tao , Li Jing
Published: February 2025

Therapeutic challenges persist in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in oncology. Camptothecins have demonstrated as crucial agents in tumor therapy; however, their efficacy is significantly hindered by adverse effects and drug resistance. Herein, we present a novel camptothecin derivative named 9c, which exhibits impressive anti-NSCLC potency surpassing the widely recognized camptothecin analog FL118 through a novel mechanism. Our findings demonstrated that 9c effectively inhibited tumor malignancy through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction with the transcriptional downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes including survivin, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and XIAP. Mechanistically, 9c induced a wild-type p53 expression by destabilizing the NSA2-EGFR axis, thus delaying the cell cycle progression and ultimately triggering apoptosis. 9c significantly inhibited the growth of the NSCLC xenograft in vivo without observed side toxicity. Importantly, it complemented the therapeutic advantages of the novel drug AMG510 for addressing KRAS-mutant NSCLC. Collectively, these findings position 9c as a promising candidate with innovative approaches to combat NSCLC.
Mechanisms and Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Haynes Jennifer , Manogaran Prasath
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with a significant impact on public health. Current treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular-targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Despite advancements in these therapeutic modalities, resistance remains a significant challenge, often leading to treatment failure, poor progression-free survival, and cancer recurrence. Mechanisms of resistance in CRC are multifaceted, involving genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, tumor heterogeneity, and the tumor microenvironment. Understanding these mechanisms at the molecular level is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic targets and developing strategies to overcome resistance. This review provides an overview of the diverse mechanisms driving drug resistance in sporadic CRC and discusses strategies currently under investigation to counteract this resistance. Several promising strategies are being explored, including targeting drug transport, key signaling pathways, DNA damage response, cell death pathways, epigenetic modifications, cancer stem cells, and the tumor microenvironment. The integration of emerging therapeutic approaches that target resistance mechanisms aims to enhance the efficacy of current CRC treatments and improve patient outcomes.
Impact of Minimally Manipulated Cell Therapy on Immune Responses in Radiation-Induced Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Shestakova Victoria A. , Smirnova Ekaterina I. , Atiakshin Dmitrii A. , Kisel Anastas A. , Koryakin Sergey N. , Litun Evgeniy V. , Saburov Vyacheslav O. , Demyashkin Grigory A. , Lagoda Tatyana S. , Yakimova Anna O. , Kabakov Alexander E. , Ignatyuk Michael A. , Yatsenko Elena M. , Kudlay Dmitry A. , Ivanov Sergey A. , Shegay Peter V. , Kaprin Andrey D. , Baranovskii Denis S. , Komarova Lyudmila N. , Klabukov Ilya D.
Published: February 2025

The current treatment of radiation-induced skin wounds utilizes mainly conventional therapies, including topical steroids, creams, ointments, and hydrogel dressings, which do not take into account the immunologic changes that occur in the skin after radiation exposure. Therefore, it is relevant to consider alternative therapies and their impact on changes in the immune landscape of the skin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of allogeneic minimally manipulated keratinocytes and fibroblasts on rat skin repair and the development of immune responses. We found that the use of cell therapy compared to treatment with syntazone ointment and no treatment resulted in faster healing and a reduction in the size of radiation-induced skin wounds, area of inflammation, and edema. Additionally, in the group receiving the cell therapy application, there was an observed increase in the number of mast cells (MCs), activation of MC interaction with M2 macrophages, a reduction in the direct contact of MCs with the vascular bed, an increase in the content of collagen fibers due to the intensification of collagen fibrillogenesis, and a restoration of their histotopographic organization. Thus, the positive effect of cell therapy based on allogeneic minimally manipulated keratinocytes and fibroblasts on skin regeneration indicated that it can be used in clinical practice to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation after radiation therapy.
The Role of Calprotectin in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Wang Wenqian , Cao Wenfu , Zhang Shenyun , Chen Dapeng , Liu Lihong
Published: February 2025

The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is characterized by immunodeficiency, has attracted increasing attention, highlighting the necessity for more precise and streamlined diagnostic approaches in clinics. Calprotectin, an immune cell-derived protein with inherent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and intestinal homeostasis. Its expression levels are intricately linked to IBD activity, enabling differentiation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory states while predicting recurrence risks. As a non-invasive biomarker, fecal calprotectin (FC) and serum calprotectin (SC) analysis offers high reproducibility and clinical utility, facilitating both IBD diagnosis and real-time disease monitoring. Beyond its diagnostic specificity in distinguishing IBD from other gastrointestinal disorders, calprotectin also emerges as a promising therapeutic target, due to its dual role in modulating inflammatory pathways and interacting with the gut microbiota. With collaborative advancements in standardized detection protocols and innovative research methodologies, it is anticipated that calprotectin-based strategies will be integrated into mainstream clinical practice for IBD.
Effect of Co-Crosslinking Reaction on the Morphology of Octavinyl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane/Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Fu Guliang , Li Mengyan , Luo Xue , Tang Ziqing , Yu Rentong , Liao Jianhe
Published: February 2025

Octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OV-POSS) was synthesized and characterized by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) together with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The nanocages were then introduced to natural rubber (NR) to afford organic–inorganic hybrid composites. Upon curing with dicumyl peroxide, the size of the dispersed phase was observed to decrease monotonically with increasing OV-POSS content, as depicted in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. This behavior differs significantly from that of analogous OV-POSS/NR vulcanizates cured with sulfur reported previously. To address this, the proportion of crosslinked OV-POSS was calculated using the results of FT-IR. The reaction enthalpy of the composites with different OV-POSS loading was recorded and analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A co-crosslinking reaction was suggested to play a crucial role in determining the morphologies of the composites. In addition, the agglomeration and crystallization of OV-POSS can also affect the morphologies of the composites.
Evaluating the Role of Visual Fidelity in Digital Vtubers on Mandarin Chinese Character Learning
Authors: Cao Xiaoxiao , Tong Wei , Ono Kenta , Watanabe Makoto
Published: February 2025

Despite the growing presence of digital Virtual YouTubers (Vtubers) in educational settings, there is limited empirical evidence on their effectiveness in language acquisition. In this investigation, we delved into the realm of digital education to assess how the visual fidelity of digital Vtuber avatars affects the acquisition of Mandarin Chinese characters by beginners. Through incorporating a diverse array of digital Vtubers, ranging from simple two-dimensional figures to complex three-dimensional models, we explored the relationship between digital Vtuber design and learner engagement and efficacy. This study employed a randomized tutorial distribution, immediate post-tutorial quizzing, and a realism scoring rubric, with statistical analysis conducted through Pearson correlation. The analysis, involving 608 participants, illuminated a clear positive correlation: digital Vtubers with higher levels of realism significantly enhanced learning outcomes, underscoring the importance of visual fidelity in educational content. This research substantiates the educational utility of digital Vtubers and underscores their potential in creating more immersive and effective digital learning environments. The findings advocate for leveraging sophisticated digital Vtubers to foster deeper learner engagement, improve educational achievement, and promote sustainable educational practices, offering insights for the future development of digital learning strategies.
Cobalt Protoporphyrin IX Attenuates Antibody-Mediated, Complement-Dependent Podocyte Injury: Role of Cobalt and Porphyrin Moieties
Authors: Lianos Elias A. , Phung Gia Nghi , Zhou Jianping , Sharma Mukut
Published: February 2025

Metalloporphyrins (MPs) that induce heme oxygenase (HO)-1 were shown to attenuate complement-mediated glomerular injury, with cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPPIX) being the most effective. To decipher the efficacy between CoPPIX and its constituents (Co, PPIX), we compared the outcomes of treatment with each in a rat model of complement-dependent immune injury of glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes). Outcomes were correlated with HO-1 induction and expression levels of complement C3 and of the complement activation regulators (CARs) cluster of differentiation (CD)55, CD59, and CR1-related gene y protein product (Crry). Podocyte injury was induced in rats following a single injection of the complement-fixing antibody against the podocyte antigen, Fx1A. CoPPIX or its constituents, cobaltous chloride (CoCl2) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), were injected prior to and on alternate days thereafter. Urine was assessed for protein excretion and kidney cortex samples were processed for histopathology and assessment of target gene mRNA and protein levels using digital polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) and capillary-based Western blot analysis. The anti-Fx1A antibody caused proteinuria and podocyte injury. Treatment with the full CoPPIX chelate reduced proteinuria but treatment with either CoCl2 or PPIX did not. CoPPIX treatment potently induced HO-1 and reduced tissue C3 mRNA and protein levels. It also increased CD55, CD59, and Crry mRNA, with an inconsistent effect on protein levels. The Co moiety was required for HO-1 induction but not for the decrease in C3. This decrease did not significantly correlate with the effects of CoPPIX treatment on CD55 protein levels. Chelation of cobalt to PPIX enhanced its potency to induce HO-1 but reduced that on CD55 induction. These observations distinguish between the effects of CoPPIX and its constituents on proteinuria consequent to complement-mediated podocyte injury and underlying mediators and identify this MP as a potential disease-modifying agent.
A New Genus, Luciargentis gen. nov. Revealed by Morphological and Phylogenetic Evidence in the Family Lecithoceridae from Tibet, China
Authors: Yu Shuai , Li Haotian , Wang Shuxia
Published: February 2025

In this study, we describe a new genus, Luciargentis Yu and Wang, gen. nov. based on the new species, Luciargentis obesa Yu and Wang, sp. nov. Additionally, the genus is placed within the subfamily Crocanthinae, satisfying the criteria of Crocanthinae. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the family Lecithoceridae using a concatenated dataset that includes one mitochondrial marker (COI) and six nuclear markers (EF-1α, GAPDH, RpS5, CAD, wingless, and MDH), incorporating 17 exemplars from NCBI and 7 newly sequenced exemplars from this study. The yield tree topologies showed that Luciargentis obesa forms a strongly supported monophyletic group with Crocanthes prasinopis, a species of Crocanthinae. Moreover, Luciargentis + Crocanthes were found to be sister groups to Torodorinae. Images of the adults, wing venation, and genitalia of the new species are provided.
Comparison of MDCT Imaging and HR-pQCT for Assessment of Osseus Consolidation in Symptomatic Scaphoid Non-Union Treated with Avascular Bone Grafting and Percutaneous Screw Fixation—A Prospective Clinical Pilot Study
Authors: Krusche-Mandl Irena , Holzer Sabrina , Döring Kevin , Nia Arastoo , Sturz Géraldine Désirée , Kasparek Maximilian F. , Patsch Janina M. , Noebauer-Huhmann Iris-Melanie , Erhart Jochen , Hajdu Stefan
Published: February 2025

Background/objectives: This study prospectively evaluated clinical outcomes and osseous consolidation in patients with symptomatic scaphoid non-union treated with avascular bone grafting and percutaneous screw fixation. Two imaging methods, MDCT (multi-detector computed tomography) and HR-pQCT (high-resolution peripheric quantitative computer tomography), were employed to assess bone healing. Methods: In Vienna, eight consecutive patients with nine symptomatic scaphoid non-unions underwent revision surgery. Clinical outcomes were measured using DASH and PRWE scores, grip strength, and thumb strength. MDCT and HR-pQCT imaging were conducted 6 and 12 weeks post-operatively. Results: The median DASH score improved significantly from 43.3 (range 3.3–76.7) pre-operatively to 26.6 (p = 0.024) at 3 months and 16.2 (p = 0.06) at 12 months post-operatively. At 5–6 years, the median DASH score was 2 (range 0–15). At 6 weeks, both MDCT and HR-pQCT detected >50% bone healing at the distal interface. At the proximal interface, HR-pQCT detected >50% healing in all cases, whereas MDCT still showed <50% healing in 25% of cases. By 12 weeks, both methods demonstrated >50% osseous consolidation at both interfaces. Conclusions: Avascular iliac grafting with screw fixation achieved excellent long-term clinical outcomes for symptomatic scaphoid non-union. HR-pQCT proved superior to MDCT for assessing early bone healing.
A 28-Year-Old Man with Stridor and Dyspnea
Authors: Bertuccio Francesco Rocco , Valente Davide , Baio Nicola , Tomaselli Stefano , Saracino Laura , Sciandrone Gaetano , Milanesi Alessandra , Delvino Paolo , Codullo Veronica , Corsico Angelo Guido , Stella Giulia Maria
Published: February 2025

Background: Tracheobronchial stenosis is a significant complication in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), a systemic vasculitis that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, kidneys, and lungs. The involvement of the tracheobronchial tree in GPA leads to airway narrowing, which can result in severe respiratory symptoms and increased morbidity, often requiring prompt diagnosis and management to prevent life-threatening airway obstruction. Method: We present the case of a 28-year-old male with mild exertional dyspnea, stridor, and retropharyngeal sputum. Clinical investigations revealed subglottic and bronchial concentric stenosis with granulomatous inflammation. A diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) with isolated tracheobronchial stenosis (TBS) was confirmed. Results: Given the severity of airway obstruction, multidisciplinary management was initiated, combining rigid bronchoscopy with systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Post-intervention follow-up demonstrated significant airway improvement and maintained remission after two years. Conclusions: This case highlights TBS as a potentially debilitating GPA manifestation requiring a combination of systemic and endoscopic therapies. Further studies are needed to optimize therapeutic approaches and improve outcomes in GPA-associated TBS.
Evaluation of Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in HIV Patients Receiving Abacavir, Dolutegravir, and Lamivudine Therapy with Novel Tissue Doppler Imaging Techniques
Authors: Oksen Dogac , Aslan Muzaffer , Serin Ebru , Gecit Muhammed Heja , Yavuz Yunus Emre , Zerdali Esra Yerlikaya , Oktay Veysel
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) effectively suppresses viral load and aids immunological recovery in HIV patients, but may still lead to subclinical myocardial dysfunction. This study assesses left and right ventricular functions in patients on HAART containing abacavir, dolutegravir, and lamivudine using Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI). Methods: This observational cross-sectional study involved 118 HIV-positive adults on HAART and 80 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Comprehensive echocardiographic assessments, including TDI, were conducted to evaluate myocardial performance index (MPI) and isovolumic acceleration (IVA). Results: Conventional echocardiographic parameters showed no significant differences; however, TDI indicated significant impairments in ventricular functions in the HAART group, with increased MPI and decreased IVA (p < 0.001). Pulmonary artery pressures were also higher in the HIV group (p = 0.012). There was a strong positive correlation between MPI and HAART duration (r = 0.675, p = 0.002), and a negative correlation with CD4 count (r = −0.545, p = 0.006). Conclusions: TDI reveals significant subclinical ventricular dysfunction in HIV patients on HAART, correlating with therapy duration and immune status. These findings underscore the utility of TDI in detecting myocardial deterioration before clinical symptoms appear.
One-Year Echocardiographic Follow-Up in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis: Impact of Tafamidis Treatment
Authors: Restelli Davide , Van Wallendael Céline , De Marneffe Nils , Damas François , Dulgheru Raluca , Lancellotti Patrizio
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a rare and severe multisystem disorder, associated with an average survival of approximately five years. Recently, Tafamidis has emerged as a promising treatment for transthyretin-related CA. This retrospective study aimed to assess disease progression through echocardiographic findings in patients with transthyretin-related CA, with a specific focus on evaluating the impact of Tafamidis in a cohort managed at our Cardiomyopathy Clinic. Methods: A total of 39 patients were included, of whom 28 received Tafamidis treatment, while 11 did not. Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, biological, and other imaging data were collected at diagnosis. Comprehensive echocardiographic data were collected every six months over a two-year period (2021–2023). Results: At 1-year follow-up, the Tafamidis-treated cohort demonstrated stable global systolic and diastolic function. Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global work index (GWI) showed minimal change (GLS −12.9% (−15.6; −10.7) vs. −13.0% (−14.0; −10.7), p = 0.054; GWI 1113 mmHg/% (963; 1301) vs. 1208 mmHg/% (850; 1420), p = 0.054), and there was no significant increase in indexed LV mass (135.0 g/m2 (118.0; 167.0) vs. 148.0 (128.0; 173.0), p = 0.25). Similarly, valvular heart disease severity remained unchanged. Longitudinal analysis using generalized linear mixed models further confirmed the stability of echocardiographic parameters over the 2-year follow-up period. Systolic function metrics, including LV ejection fraction (slope: −0.0098 ± 0.011, p = 0.38) and GLS (slope: 0.0036 ± 0.0041, p = 0.39) showed no significant decline. Diastolic function assessed through E/A ratio (slope: −0.0007 ± 0.0013, p = 0.59) and E/e’ (slope: −0.0042 ± 0.0073, p = 0.57) also remained stable. Indexed LV mass exhibited no significant progression (slope: 0.050 ± 0.061, p = 0.41). These findings were consistent across the various subgroups. Conclusions: Tafamidis appears to effectively stabilize transthyretin-related CA, limiting disease progression over the follow-up period.
What Increases Smokers’ Stress? Degree of Nicotine Dependence and Motivation to Quit Smoking in People After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Łuczyk Robert Jan , Ślifirczyk Anna , Sieńska Weronika , Łuczyk Marta , Baryła-Matejczuk Monika , Sikora Kamil , Wawryniuk Agnieszka , Sawicka Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) represents one of the major causes of hospitalization in cardiology departments, while tobacco smoking remains a significant public health challenge in Europe. Therefore, there is a pressing need to study this phenomenon in order to undertake preventive actions and thereby reduce the number of people smoking tobacco and, consequently reducing the rate of morbidity and disease. This study aims to assess the factors that increase stress and examine the strategies for coping with stress, nicotine addiction, and the motivation to quit smoking among patients after myocardial infarction. Methods: We analyzed 100 post-MI patients using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Schneider Smoking Cessation Motivation Test, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and the Mini-COPE questionnaire. Results: A sense of helplessness emerged as the primary stress trigger (p = 0.012), with job loss, workplace issues, illness, family death, and relationship problems (p < 0.001) as key stressors. Post-MI patients showed a high degree of smoking cessation motivation, this was enhanced by limited cigarette access and social support. Patients primarily used self-distraction and behavioral disengagement (p < 0.001) as coping mechanisms. A higher degree of nicotine tolerance (rho = −0.355; p < 0.00) and increased stress frequency (rho = −0.169; p = 0.093) correlated negatively with cessation motivation. Conclusions: Post-MI patients demonstrate significant stress-related helplessness, particularly within the professional, family, and relationship domains. The prevalence of coping mechanisms centred around avoidance suggests the need for targeted psychological interventions in this population.
Mechanical and Impact Strength Properties of Polymer-Modified Concrete Supported with Machine Learning Method: Microstructure Analysis (SEM) Coupled with EDS
Authors: Laqsum Saleh Ahmad , Zhu Han , Haruna Sadi Ibrahim , Ibrahim Yasser E. , Al-shawafi Ali
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the mechanical and impact resistance properties of U-shaped polymer-modified concrete (PMC) incorporated with epoxy (EP) and polyacrylate (PA) binders. The polymer-modified concrete mixtures were prepared with varying binder contents (0 to 30%) at intervals of 10% for each EP and PA binder. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to study the microstructure of the polymer-modified concrete mixtures. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict failure crack strength (N2). The results indicate that EP binders enhance impact resistance but decrease compressive strength, whereas PA binders slightly improve both mechanical and impact properties. Introducing the EP binder into the PCM mixtures reduces the compressive strength by 4.91%, 15.09%, and 33.02% for EP10, EP20, and EP30, respectively, compared to the reference specimen, whereas the impact strength at the initial crack strength was improved by 127.64%, 221.95%, and 17.07% for EP 10, EP 20, and EP 30, respectively. The ANN model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting N2, achieving R² values of 0.9892 and 0.9664 during training and testing, respectively.
Electrochemical Performance of ZnCo2O4: Versatility in Applications
Authors: Sitole Soyama , Bilibana Mawethu Pascoe , Ross Natasha
Published: February 2025

Zinc cobaltite (ZnCo2O4) is a ternary metal oxide found in spinel with promising properties for various applications. Optimizing its catalytic activity requires an understanding of its electrochemical behavior. The electrochemical properties of ZnCo2O4 have significantly improved due to recent developments in nanostructuring, doping, surface modification, hybridization, structural engineering, and electrochemical activation. These improvements have inspired and motivated researchers by presenting the latest developments in the field. The spinel structure, coupled with the redox properties of cobalt ions, semiconducting characteristics, and electrocatalytic potential, positions ZnCo2O4 as a versatile material for several electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems. This review explores these advancements; the notable properties of ZnCo2O4; and its applications in sensors, batteries, photovoltaics, and supercapacitors.
Knee Mechanics, Strength and Flexibility: Assessing Injury Risk in Female Adolescent Soccer Players
Authors: Parpa Koulla , Michaelides Marcos
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This study examined the link between the Q angle, knee hyperextension, flexibility, strength profiles and injury occurrence in female adolescent soccer players. Methods: Thirty adolescent female soccer players (age range: 15–17 years; age: 15.47 ± 0.73 years; weight: 55.91 ± 7.44 kg; height: 160.01 ± 5.58 cm) were recruited for the study. The tests were conducted before the pre-season preparation period, and the players were monitored from the beginning to the end of the season. This study included players who sustained non-contact injuries throughout the season as well as those who did not sustain any injuries for comparison purposes. Players underwent an anthropometric assessment (height, weight, body fat, Q angle, knee hyperextension) and completed a sit-and-reach test and an isokinetic assessment at 60°/s. Results: The results showed that 36.67% of players sustained a non-contact injury during the season. Based on the isokinetic assessment at 60°/s, significant differences were observed between the two groups in the torque production of the right and left knee extensors [t(28) = 2.32, p = 0.03, d = 0.81 (large effect)] and the right and left knee flexors [t(28) = 2.04, p = 0.05, d = 0.71 (medium effect)], with the injured group demonstrating significantly greater interlimb asymmetries in torque between the right and left knee extensors, as well as the right and left knee flexors. Also, the injured group demonstrated significantly higher knee hyperextension values for both the right [t(28) = 6.12, p < 0.05, d = 2.22 (large effect)] and left legs [t(28) = 5.72, p < 0.05, d = 2.15 (large effect)]. Conclusions: interlimb asymmetries and knee hyperextension may contribute to the occurrence of lower body non-contact injuries in adolescent female soccer players.
Permea-Design: An Innovative Tool for Generating Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Scaffolds with Tailored Permeability
Authors: Bedding-Tyrrell Matthew , Sandnes Bjornar , Nithiarasu Perumal , Zhao Feihu
Published: February 2025

The permeability of a porous material is the measure of the ability of fluids to pass through it. The ability to control permeability is valued by tissue engineers who manufacture tissue engineering scaffolds that house cells/tissue and facilitate tissue growth. Therefore, a scaffold design software in which permeability can be entered as a variable in determining the structure and strut topology would be a desirable tool for tissue engineering researchers. The ability to factor permeability directly into the design of scaffolds facilitates more effective bone tissue engineering by enabling optimal nutrient transport and waste removal at regeneration sites. Additionally, having the ability to control the mechanical environment by indicating a region of acceptable porosities for in vitro cell culturing is desirable. This desirability is a result of porosity being a major determining factor in permeability, where increasing porosity will generally mean a higher permeability. Thus, having an upper bound on porosity means that higher-permeability structures can be determined whilst maintaining high values of mechanical strength. In this software, a method is discussed for modifying the Kozeny–Carman equation by incorporating level-set equations for different triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures. Topology analysis is computed on six different TPMS structures in the toolbox, and a relationship between a topological constant and permeability is derived through the Kozeny–Carman equation. This relationship allows for an input of permeability as a factor in the determination of pore size, porosity, and scaffold structure. This novel method allows for scaffold design based on a tailored permeability to assist successful tissue engineering.
Towards Predictive Maintenance in the Maritime Industry: A Component-Based Overview
Authors: Kalafatelis Alexandros S. , Nomikos Nikolaos , Giannopoulos Anastasios , Alexandridis Georgios , Karditsa Aikaterini , Trakadas Panagiotis
Published: February 2025

The maritime industry has a significant influence on the global economy, underscoring the need for operational availability and safety through effective maintenance practices. Predictive maintenance emerges as a promising solution compared to conventional maintenance schemes currently employed by the industry, offering proactive failure predictions, reduced downtime events, and extended machinery lifespan. This paper addresses a critical gap in the existing literature by providing a comprehensive overview of the main data-driven PdM systems. Specifically, the review explores common issues found in vessel components (i.e., propulsion, auxiliary, electric, hull), examining how different state-of-the-art PdM architectures, ranging from basic machine learning models to advanced deep learning techniques aim to address them. Additionally, the concepts of centralized machine learning, federated, and transfer learning are also discussed, demonstrating their potential to enhance PdM systems as well as their limitations. Finally, the current challenges hindering adoption are discussed, together with the future directions to advance implementation in the field.
Mapping Storm Surge Risk at County Level in Coastal Areas of China
Authors: Shi Xianwu , Zhang Yande , Liu Shan , Yang Lifen , Yu Lanlan , Zhang Yao , Jia Ning , Tian Zilu
Published: February 2025

Storm surges represent a prominent and significant natural hazard in the coastal areas of China and cause substantial human and economic losses. We investigated historical storm surge events in these areas to assess the distribution of associated hazards and to construct a storm surge hazard index. The tide-gauge data from 83 observational stations along the Chinese coast were collected, and the assessment was based on two indicators, namely the storm surge height and the exceeded water warning level of these events. Further, we conducted a vulnerability assessment of coastal counties in China using population and economic distribution data. Thereafter, the distribution of storm surge hazards and vulnerability levels was considered, and we determined the county-level risk of storm surges covering 219 coastal counties in China. The findings revealed substantial spatial variations therein, with high-risk areas in terms of the population and economic effects of such surges accounting for 25.1% (55/219) and 27.4% (60/219) of all coastal counties, respectively. These results provide preliminary insight into storm surge risks in China and have implications for the prevention and mitigation of storm surges for central government.
A Personalized, Risk-Based Approach to Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer with Takeaways from Broader Oncology Practices: A Mixed Methods Review
Authors: Lodder Jeroen J. , Remmers Sebastiaan , van den Bergh Roderick C. N. , Postema Arnoud W. , van Leeuwen Pim J. , Roobol Monique J.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: To summarize the current state of knowledge regarding personalized, risk-based approaches in active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer (PCa) and to explore the lessons learned from AS practices in other types of cancer. Methods: This mixed methods review combined a systematic review and a narrative review. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic rviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, with searches performed in the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar databases. Only studies evaluating personalized, risk-based AS programs for PCa were included. The narrative review focused on AS approaches in other solid tumors (thyroid, breast, kidney, and bladder cancer) to contextualize the findings and highlight lessons learned. Results: After screening 3137 articles, 9 were suitable for inclusion, describing the following four unique risk-based AS tools: PRIAS, Johns Hopkins, Canary PASS, and STRATCANS. These models were developed using data from men with low-risk (Grade Group 1) disease, with little to no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. They used patient information such as (repeated) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements and biopsy results to predict the risk of upgrading at the next biopsy or at radical prostatectomy, or to assign a patient to a pre-defined risk category with a corresponding pre-defined follow-up (FU) regimen. Performance was moderate across models, with the area under the curve/concordance index values ranging from 0.58 to 0.85 and calibration was generally good. The PRIAS, Canary PASS, and STRATCANS models demonstrated the benefits of less burdensome biopsies, clinic visits, and MRIs during FU when used, compared to current one-size-fits-all practices. Although little is known about risk-based AS in thyroid, breast, kidney, and bladder cancer, learning from their current practices could further refine patient selection, streamline monitoring protocols, and address adoption barriers, improving AS’s overall effectiveness in PCa management. Conclusions: Personalized, risk-based AS models allow for a reduction in the FU burden for men at low risk of progression while maintaining sensitive FU visits for those at higher risk. The comparatively limited evidence and practice of risk-based AS in other cancer types highlight the advanced state of AS in PCa.
A Comprehensive Approach to Identifying the Supply and Demand of Urban Park Cultural Ecosystem Services in the Megalopolis Area of Shanghai, China
Authors: Yang Ying , Jiang Li , Ma Xiaoyan , Liu Song , Wang Lihua
Published: February 2025

Urban parks are vital public spaces that provide cultural ecosystem services (CESs) that enhance the well-being of city dwellers. As the demand for CESs has greatly increased, the imbalance between CES supply and demand has become prominent. Accurately identifying whether the supply of CESs meets the demand supports urban park planning and management. However, the CES supply–demand gap lies not only in the quantitative resource deficits, but also in the spatial mismatch between supply and demand. At present, scientific quantification methods for urban park CES supply and demand that comprehensively consider both quantitative and spatial relationships remain inadequate. To fill this gap, we propose an integrated framework that combines spatial and quantitative analysis to identify the supply and demand of urban park CESs, using Shanghai as the study area. The framework consists of three major steps: (1) mapping the CES supply and demand of urban parks; (2) identifying the CES supply–demand relationship by combining quantitative analysis through bivariate mapping with spatial analysis using spatial statistics; (3) categorizing the supply–demand relationship into four scenarios based on quantity balance and spatial matching, with three corresponding planning proposals. The results show that 136 sub-districts belong to the quantity balance and space matching type, while 79 sub-districts belonging to the imbalanced quantities type, including 41 belonging to the quantity imbalance and space mismatching type. Notably, only 15 sub-districts face a situation where supply is less than demand. Our findings provide a solid basis for identifying key areas of CES supply–demand conflict and prioritizing targeted planning interventions. This approach not only improves the efficiency of CES provision, but also addresses the growing demand for high-quality CESs in rapidly urbanizing regions.
Exploring the Multifaceted Aspects of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) Forests in Portugal
Authors: Pinheiro Maria Nazaré Coelho , Gomes Filomena , Botelho Goreti , Rodrigues Ivo , Mariychuk Ruslan , Symochko Lyudmyla
Published: February 2025

This article explores the ecological role of strawberry tree forests (Arbutus unedo L.) in the resilience of Portuguese forest ecosystems and their relationship with plant production as a source of food. It discusses the importance of the strawberry tree in fire combat and the improvement of agroforestry areas by mitigating erosion and augmenting soil organic matter. The multifunctionality of their fruits, emphasizing their utilization in food and beverage production, is also addressed. Moreover, the socio-economic and cultural significance of fruit production, emphasizing its role in sustainable development, is analyzed. The diversity of beverages (spirits, liquors, and gin) and food products (jams, jellies, etc.) effectively contribute to have a positive social and economic impact on the local populations and tradition maintenance. Moreover, the bioactive compounds in different parts of the plants and fruits have applications in pharmacology and cosmetics. Finally, the valorization of strawberry tree spirits mush waste as a source of natural dyes for textiles is discussed as a promising research topic to be explored in the future.
Effects of Thermal Cycles on Mechanical Properties of RPECC: Static and Dynamic Splitting Tensile Performance
Authors: He Shaohua , Zhong Huaqian , Chen Zhiliang , Chen Huangwei , Chen Jincai , Yu Zhitao
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the splitting tensile properties of rubberized polyethylene-engineered cementitious composites (RPECC) through static and dynamic experimental tests, highlighting the effects of thermal cycles, impact strain rates, and rubber powder substitution rates for fine aggregates. Damage patterns, ultimate tensile strength, time-dependent stress curves, dynamic failure strain, and the dynamic increase factor of the RPECC are presented. The microstructure of the material is analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Experimental results reveal that incorporating rubber powders significantly enhances the deformability and ductility of RPECC in splitting tension. However, a high content of rubber powders, such as a substitution percentage of 30%, significantly reduces static and the dynamic ultimate tensile strength of the RPECC by 16.8% and 34.2%, respectively. Microstructural examinations indicate that thermal cycling weakens the internal adhesion between the rubber particles, polyethylene fibers, and the ECC matrix, resulting in the frequent withdrawal of fibers and the formation of calcium hydroxide, which diminishes the material tensile strength by up to 20.6% in static tests and 45.1% in dynamic tests. Despite these challenges, the RPECC with 20% rubber achieves a favorable balance between splitting the tensile properties and thermal resistance, even after undergoing 270 heat-cool cycles, suggesting its potential applicability in harsh environments.