bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulator-Based Framework to Incorporate Driving Heterogeneity via a Biobehavioral Extension to the Intelligent Driver Model
Authors: Kummetha Vishal C. , Kondyli Alexandra
Published: November 2022

Mathematical models of car-following, lane changing, and gap acceptance are extensively used to describe behavioral variability when driving. Car-following, in relation to the intelligent driver model (IDM), was the primary component of this research. This research was targeted toward developing a framework to incorporate driver behavioral variability using methodologies adapted from the cognitive and physiological sciences. The main goal was to fuse driving variables such as preferred gap, speed, jerk, and acceleration, together with continuous biobehavioral variables of engagement level, mental workload, situation awareness, and other static driver properties (i.e., age, experience, and driving history), to introduce biobehavioral heterogeneity into the IDM. Incorporating non-conventional tasks during car-following, such as distracted driving, was also a key component of this research. Additionally, assessing the effectiveness of incorporating group-based biobehavioral and driving performance traits rather than individual-level traits into the IDM was also explored. Ninety drivers were recruited to validate the framework using a fixed-base simulator. The scenarios were designed to capture the performance and cognitive parameters when subject to varying task complexities. A biobehavioral extension to the IDM was developed by grouping individual driving performance and behavioral traits. The extended model was successfully validated and found to introduce driving heterogeneity while enhancing the IDM’s car-following modeling accuracy for the sample population. The established methods also serve as a key step toward the inclusion of individual/group-level traits that not only consider driving performance but also harvest cognitive and biological processes that directly affect car-following.
Derailment Analysis for Prediction of Damage and Probability of Release for Novel Railroad Tank Car Designs
Authors: Kirkpatrick Steven W. , Lin Chen-Yu , Iannacone Leandro , Gharzouzi Paul , Treichel Todd , Barkan Christopher P.L. , Gardoni Paolo
Published: November 2022

Over the past 15 years, there has been substantial research performed to improve the safety of tank cars carrying hazardous materials. This has included a series of full-scale tank car impact tests and the development of impact/puncture models capable of evaluating the performance of existing and novel tank car designs under specific impact conditions. In parallel, statistical information was developed on tank car performance based on data from past accidents. However, such data cannot predict the performance of novel tank car designs involving new materials and configurations. This paper presents an innovative analytical framework to address this gap by simulating railroad tank cars behaviors under various train accident and rolling stock features. The finite element method-based simulation model is developed to generate impact forces on railcars after the initiation of train derailments. The results of the modeling were compared, validated, and calibrated with the real-world train derailment to assure the practicality of the analytical tool. This research is novel as it is the first quantitative, analytical methodology that can accurately and practically assess the physical behaviors of railcar movements and impact forces in train derailments. The results of this study provide new and important information for tank car performance in train derailments, which contributes to the literature in structural modeling of rail tank cars. It also specifies an approach to building a bridge between analytical methods and real-world scenarios and data for estimating tank car conditional probability of release (a frequently used metric for hazardous materials transportation safety).
Effect of processing parameters on properties of printed and consolidated thermoplastic composites
Authors: Haguenauer Victor , Becker Eric , Bigot Régis , Félix Damien
Published: November 2022

The process presented in the paper allows to produce bulk carbon fibre/thermoplastic composite parts with oriented continuous fibre to get specific mechanical loading constraints for structural parts. This fibre orientation allows to increase the mechanical strength of the composite product. This process consists of two steps: i) preforming and pre-consolidation necessary for the placement and orientation of the composite and ii) compression step. In this study, the first two steps are performed simultaneously by 3D printing. This study provides elements for optimizing certain process parameters and the associated results, particularly at different steps in the forming process. This paper also focuses on the movement of the material during shaping process. It links processing conditions and material characteristics, by determining the porosity and fibre ratio of composite part realized with different compression ratios. In addition, a repeatability study is conducted to identify the variability of the process and of the measurement method.
Acupunch Exercise Improved Muscle Mass, Hand Grip Strength, and Sleep Quality of Institutional Older Adults with Probable Sarcopenia
Authors: Tung Hsiao-Ting , Chen Kuei-Min , Chou Chia-Pei , Belcastro Frank , Hsu Hui-Fen , Kuo Chuan-Feng
Published: November 2022

This study tested the effectiveness of a 6-month vitality acupunch (VA) exercise program on muscle mass, hand grip strength, and sleep quality in institutional older adults with probable sarcopenia. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 103 older adults were assigned to the experimental group ( n = 52) and control group ( n = 51) according to the institution they inhabited. After the 6-month VA exercise intervention, the experimental group showed significant increases in muscle mass ( F = 5.93, p = .017), hand grip strength ( F = 56.73, p < .001), and improved sleep quality ( F = 23.20, p < .001) compared to the control group. Based on the meridian theory that promotes qi and blood circulation, VA exercise has positive effects on muscle mass, hand grip strength, and sleep quality in older adults with probable sarcopenia.
Internet Use as a Moderator of the Relationship between Age and Depression: Implications for Older Adults
Authors: Hamilton Boman M. , Orak Ugur , Wallace J. Brandon
Published: November 2022

Technology-based interventions have been suggested to prevent depression and loneliness. However, it is not yet well-established if internet use is a protective factor for older adults, allowing them to combat depression and loneliness. Addressing this neglected area of research, this paper examines whether frequent internet use moderated the relationship between depression and age. Using 2016 General Social Survey ( n = 869), a series of ordinary least squares regression models were employed. The findings revealed that older adults who frequently used the internet were more depressed than those who did not. This may imply that internet use by older individuals may not be an adequate source of social engagement and may even heighten existing levels of depression. Other interventions may need to be developed to compensate for the loss of physical contact and reduce the level of depression.
A Systematic Review on Inquiry-Based Writing Instruction in Tertiary Settings
Authors: Lin Vivien , Barrett Neil E. , Liu Gi-Zen , Chen Howard Hao-Jan
Published: November 2022

In science disciplines, students need sufficient and well-designed support to successfully gain writing competence along the different stages of their writing development. This study examines effective inquiry-based writing pedagogies and the contextualization of scientific writing instruction for supporting student writers in the scientific community. The researchers first systematically reviewed effective pedagogical practices that can help students gain writing competence through inquiry-based learning, then explicated how scientific writing is situated in inquiry-based writing instruction (IBWI) with respect to text structures using a genre-based approach. A systematic review of 40 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2021 was conducted. The researchers examined the pedagogies, methods, and models that effectively support IBWI and identified some emerging trends that aim to raise undergraduates’ scientific writing communicative competence. Implications for how scientific writing should be situated in IBWI were provided to help disciplinary faculty respond more precisely to science students’ writing needs in tertiary settings.
Momentary Affective Experiences of Teachers Serving Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities in Self-Contained Settings
Authors: Stark Kristabel , Bettini Elizabeth , Chi Olivia
Published: November 2022

Emotions play an important role in the work of teachers serving students with emotional and behavioral disabilities (EBD), yet little is known about teachers’ momentary affective experiences. In this study, we collected 710 surveys regarding momentary affect from 14 teachers of students with EBD. We used descriptive analysis and variance decomposition to examine the frequency, intensity, and variability of these experiences. We then tested a series of models to explore how specific professional activities relate to teachers’ momentary affect. We found that teachers experienced positive affect more frequently and intensely than negative affect and that large proportions of the variation in positive and negative affect can be attributed to variation within individual teachers across time points. For these teachers, engaging in discipline was significantly associated with a higher negative affect, whereas engaging in instructional activities was associated with a higher positive affect. We discuss implications for researchers and practitioners.
Developing Human-Centered Urban Digital Twins for Community Infrastructure Resilience: A Research Agenda
Authors: Ye Xinyue , Du Jiaxin , Han Yu , Newman Galen , Retchless David , Zou Lei , Ham Youngjib , Cai Zhenhang
Published: November 2022

Urban digital twins (UDTs) have been identified as a potential technology to achieve digital transformative positive urban change through landscape architecture and urban planning. However, how this new technology will influence community resilience and adaptation planning is currently unclear. This article: (1) offers a scoping review of existing studies constructing UDTs, (2) identifies challenges and opportunities of UDT technologies for community adaptation planning, and (3) develops a conceptual framework of UDTs for community infrastructure resilience. This article highlights the need for integrating multi-agent interactions, artificial intelligence, and coupled natural–physical–social systems into a human-centered UDTs framework to improve community infrastructure resilience.
Complicating Patriarchy: Gender Beliefs of Muslim Facebook Users in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia
Authors: Charles Maria , Friedland Roger , Afary Janet , Yang Rujun
Published: November 2022

Western stereotypes often characterize gender relations in Muslim-majority societies as uniformly traditional and patriarchal. Underlying this imagery is a unidimensional understanding of gender ideology as moving along a single traditional-to-egalitarian continuum. In this study, we interrogate these assumptions by exploring variability across and within Middle Eastern, North African, and South Asian (MENASA) societies in beliefs related to two regionally salient gender principles: women’s chastity and marital patriarchy. Data from a new online survey of Muslim Facebook users show substantial heterogeneity across and within six MENASA societies in support for these principles. These data also reveal a multidimensional structure, in that societies show different configurations of chastity and marital patriarchy beliefs, and each of these gender principles is influenced by respondents’ religious beliefs and gender status in different ways. Although religious absolutism predicts agreement with both gender principles, piety is associated with support for chastity but not for marital patriarchy. Results also show a clear gender divide in attitudes toward hierarchy in marriage but not with respect to chastity. Findings complicate broad-brush depictions of patriarchy in the region and corroborate previous research on the multidimensionality of gender beliefs and the multifaceted attitudinal influences of gender and religious beliefs.
Advancing Institutional Change to Encourage Faculty Participation in Research-Practice Partnerships
Authors: Gamoran Adam
Published: November 2022

University faculty have the talent, creativity, and training to tackle the serious challenges confronting our education system today, but the incentive structure in universities is often at odds with real-world contributions. What tensions are experienced by faculty who may be interested in partnership-oriented, engaged scholarship? How can these tensions be addressed? This chapter explores the tensions, particularly in the context of education research-practice partnerships, and provide examples from universities that are taking steps to lessen the tensions and encourage faculty participation in partnerships. By adopting new structures and incentives, these universities are providing a pathway to engaged scholarship that may ultimately increase the power of research to address the problems that educators face each day. However, university leaders who are implementing institutional change must grapple with long-established norms and traditions, and show how new ways of assessing the value of research will benefit universities as well as their communities.
Groove stiffening of sheets by single point incremental forming
Authors: Cristino Valentino A.M. , Pragana João P.M. , Bragança Ivo M.F. , Silva Carlos M.A. , Martins Paulo A.F.
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the applicability of single point incremental forming to fabricate stiffening grooves in thin metallic panels. The work combines experimentation, finite element and analytical modelling to determine the required forces and the maximum allowable groove depths that can be produced without tearing. The analytical modelling is based on a framework that was previously developed by the authors and combines in-plane membrane stretching and fracture forming limits. Comparison of the results obtained by the analytical framework against experimental and finite element data proves its effectiveness to replicate the deformation mechanics of groove stiffening by single point incremental forming. Results also prove that groove stiffening by single point incremental forming is an easy and effective alternative to conventional reinforcement of thin metallic panels by welding or fastening of stringers.
Experimental validation of machine learning models for prediction of the thickness distribution of directionally rolled copper strips under scaling law
Authors: Sivam S.P. Sundar Singh , Rajendran R.
Published: November 2022

Predicting the results of multi-stage deep drawing in determining the thickness distribution and thinning of the workpiece are measures that will help reduce production costs by saving materials and production time. Machine Learning (ML) technique is a promising method for predicting the thickness distribution (TD) of drawn copper metal. Macro and micro products are currently used in sensitive electronic and structural applications. In this study, ML defines the relationship between the scaled thickness and the respective number of stages governed by the scaling law. It includes the development of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) tools based on machine learning to model the relationship between thickness by scaling law and stages based on multi-stage deep-drawn cups. TD is a measure of consistency. The TD is measured from the initial blank of 1500 mm long, 750 mm wide, and 6 mm thick Cu strip, reduced by 50% in nine successive steps until a final thickness of 0.1875 mm. Two ANN models used for TD prediction are Bayesian regularization (BR) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithms. A trained machine learning model can successfully predict and verify the unseen data of 1.5 and 0.38 mm TD. ANN is used to predict the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results and confirm them through the experimental results. The developed model can predict the TD of the multi-stage cup with the die design parameters. The difference between the TD predicted value and the measured value is based on the simulation results of multi-stage cups using the finite element method. When the predicted and measured TD, the difference in cup drawing depth is 0.5%–2.0%. The results show that the LM model is suitable for predicting the TD of formed copper cups following the scaling law.
A study on deep drawn cups and the selection of optimal settings deploying ANN training and architectural parameters using the Taguchi ARAS approach
Authors: Sivam S.P. Sundar Singh , Rajendran R.
Published: November 2022

In recent years, the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) for modeling and optimizing metal forming processes has gained popularity. Numerous benefits are provided by ANNs, which can only be attained by constructing a high-performance ANN model. However, selecting an ANN’s appropriate training and architectural parameters remains challenging. Typically, these parameters are chosen using a trial-and-error approach in which many ANN models are produced and evaluated. This article describes the use of the Taguchi method for optimizing an ANN model trained on architectural parameters by the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and the additive ratio assessment method for selecting the optimized parameter. The method’s operation is demonstrated using the Altair Inspire form, the Forming Limit Diagram, and the Maximum Thinning Rate. The ANN model was trained using the orthogonal array, and its prediction performance was compared to the experimental validation. Analysis of variance assisted in determining whether the model was significant. The analysis of means helped us in deciding the appropriate ANN level for each parameter. Taguchi orthogonal array, ANN optimized for additive ratio assessment method. This model was developed and was found to be the most accurate. Through learning and testing, it was demonstrated that a systematic method for selecting the optimal ANN training and architecture parameters saves time and money by avoiding trial and error. The Taguchi-based additive ratio assessment method algorithm can then be used to determine the ideal processing parameters.
Hall and ion slip effects on hybrid nanoparticles (Au-GO/blood) flow through a catheterized stenosed artery with thrombosis
Authors: Khanduri Umesh , Sharma Bhupendra Kumar
Published: November 2022

Present paper deals with the effect of Hall and ion slips on MHD blood flow through a catheterized multi-stenosis artery with thrombosis. Blood is considered a base fluid, and the suspension of Au and GO nanoparticles are used to form the hybrid nano-blood suspension. The hemodynamic mathematical model is presented to mimic the blood flow inside the artery subjected to Joule heating, thermal radiation, Hall and ion slip effects. The effect of the shape of nanoparticles and the variable viscosity depending upon hematocrit is taken into account. The mathematical model is presented in a curvilinear coordinate system, and a mild stenosis assumption is used to get the closed-form solutions. The reduced governing equations are solved using the Crank Nicholson scheme with “MATLAB.” The effect of various pertinent parameters on flow patterns are illustrated graphically. It is observed that increasing the Hall and ion slips parameter causes the increment in the fluid velocity due to an enhancement in the cyclotron frequency of the particles. The hybrid nanoparticles Au-GO/blood has a higher temperature profile than pure blood and unitary nanoparticles, as the thermal conductivity increases with an increase in nanoparticle concentration. Scientists and clinical researchers may find the present study useful in understanding the various illness’s conditions, including cancers, infections, and the removal of blood clots. Furthermore, current research may be helpful in the biomedical area, such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), which creates an image of an artery to identify any abnormalities in the artery. The current findings are consistent with recent findings in earlier blood flow research studies.
Experimental and theoretical analyses of material removal in poppet valve magnetorheological finishing
Authors: Kumar Manjesh , Kumar Chandan , Kumar Amit , Gogoi Debashish , Das Manas
Published: November 2022

Poppet valves used in internal combustion engines have a high risk of failure due to significant temperature and pressure. These poppet valves need surface finishing at the nano-scale level to prolong their life during their working use. In the present research, the chosen poppet valve has narrow ridge profiles, which is difficult to nano-finish by conventional processes due to certain limitations. The magnetorheological fluid-based finishing method can be effectively used for this kind of complicated narrow profile. For the magnetorheological fluid-based finishing processing of the poppet valve, a novel magnet fixture and setup is used. For checking the efficiency of this setup, surface characterization and surface roughness for polished and unpolished surfaces are outlined using a field-emission scanning electron microscope, microscope and optical profilometer. The final surface roughness of Sa = 23.1 nm at poppet profiles were obtained. All manufacturing defects like burrs, dents, scratches and pits are almost removed. The study of finishing forces in the magnetorheological fluid-based finishing method is also carried out using magnetostatic fluid–solid interaction, experimental and theoretical analysis. This force analysis supports the development of the material dislodgement model to anticipate material removal rate while finishing. The gap (error = 12.87%) between the experimental and theoretical material removal rate is marginal. It has high accuracy and reliability for specific applications.
Entropy generation on the variable electric field and EMHD SWCNT-blood nanofluid with melting/non-melting heat transfer
Authors: Suneetha Sangapatnam , Wahidunnisa Lalahamed , Reddy Seethi Reddy Reddisekhar , Reddy Polu Bala Anki
Published: November 2022

This work is concerned with the study of laminar, steady electro-magnetohydrodynamic flow and entropy generation of SWCNT-blood nanofluid with melting/non-melting heat transfer. A study is also underway to analyze the heat transfer phenomenon under factors such as viscous dissipation and joule heating. The homotopy perturbation method is employed to solve the coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations. The calculated results are plotted graphically through velocity, temperature, entropy generation, local skin friction coefficient, and rate of heat transfer. Melting/non-melting heat transfer is used in biomedical for example vanquish uses radio frequency to dangerously destroy fat cells. This model may use heat to melt away fat cells in the body. The entropy generation increases with increasing the electric field parameter. The heat transfer rate enhances with the higher values of the melting parameter.
Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in a virologically suppressed adult with HIV and end-stage renal disease on chronic peritoneal dialysis: A case report
Authors: Partosh Dor , Sherman Elizabeth M , Eckardt Paula A , Unger Nathan , Montalvo Sheila
Published: November 2022

Despite increasing rates of renal replacement therapy, data supporting the safe and effective use of HIV treatment guidelines preferred regimens in people on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is limited. Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) is a guideline recommended initial regimen for most people with HIV with FDA-approval for use in virologically suppressed people receiving chronic hemodialysis; however, the safety and efficacy of BIC/FTC/TAF remains unknown when used in patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We report the first case of BIC/FTC/TAF use in CAPD.
Numerical and experimental investigation of 3D unsteady flow fields of a low head axial flow turbine under different blade number
Authors: Yang Sunsheng , Ohiemi Israel E , Singh Punit
Published: November 2022

Low-head axial flow turbines (LHAFT) are important turbomachines suitable for converting low-head water (potential energy) into mechanical (kinetic) or electrical energy. The performance characteristics of this kind of turbine are an essential aspect of its design and operational life cycle. Nevertheless, pressure fluctuations within the turbine affect its operational reliability. Hence its fluctuation characteristics cannot be overlooked due to its influence on vibration, noise, and severity of performance. It is essential to investigate the zones associated with high unsteadiness and turbulence. Furthermore, blade number and variation in flow rate are other important, influential factors on the level of pressure fluctuations. Given the above, numerical and experimental investigation of pressure fluctuation intensities within the flow channels of the LHAFT model under different blade numbers was carried out in this study. The results posit that the pulsating pressure coefficient decreases gradually from the inflow to the guide vane but increases at the runner, then falls as the flow progresses in the outlet pipe. At the runner, the flow experienced the most irregular flow patterns in the turbine. All three runner cases were operated with nine guide vanes, but after one complete revolution, blade numbers z = 2, 3, and 4 revealed regular pressure fluctuations, respectively, in the stationary part (guide vane, inlet and outlet pipes). Regardless of the case study, nine (9) regular peaks and valleys of pressure pulses matching the number of vanes on the static vane were recorded in the runner flow passage. The flow interaction between the static vane and runner is responsible for the pressure fluctuation, which influences the turbine’s vibration and noise. The obtained results would be an essential reference to noise and vibration analytical studies in turbines to optimize them for improved operational reliability.
The effects of oxygen index on soot formation of ethylene, propane and their mixtures in coflow diffusion flames
Authors: Zheng Dongsheng , Hui Xin , Xue Xin , Liu Weitao
Published: November 2022

Oxygen index (OI) effects on soot formation and oxidation of ethylene, propane and their mixtures were investigated in coflow diffusion flames. Experimental results show that the peak soot volume fraction (SVF) firstly increases and then reaches the plateau region as OI increases from 0.21 to 0.42 in ethylene and 90%ethylene/10%propane mixture flames. However, the peak SVF firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of OI in propane flame. All these three cases present a consistent trend in terms of maximum soot yield which increases first and then decreases as OI increases. Synergistic effect was captured in ethylene/propane mixtures while it was firstly enhanced and then mitigated when OI increases in the investigated OI range. Numerical simulations were also conducted. A significant relationship was found among flame temperature, O2 mole fraction and SVF in terms of their spatial gradients. The non-linear trends of SVF and soot yield with OI can be attributed to the competition between soot formation and oxidation. Such competition was also indicated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) growth. Numerical analyses revealed that small radicals including O, CH2 and C6H5 contribute to the non-linear changes of PAHs in the synergistic effect.
Dilemma of belimumab therapy (dis)continuation during pregnancy: Results of a retrospective study in eudravigilance
Authors: Ghalandari Nafise , Crijns Hubertina JMJ , Dolhain Radboud JEM , Hazes Johanna MW , van Puijenbroek Eugene P
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The first biologic authorized for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) up to this date, belimumab, is currently not recommended for use during pregnancy due to lack of data. Provided that the health of the child begins with the health of the mother, pregnant patients face the dilemma of cessation or continuation of belimumab. If belimumab is stopped, there will be a risk of SLE flare and its consequences for the mother and the foetus. Continuation is also not optimal because of the lack of knowledge on safety for use during pregnancy.

Aim

To compare the reported foetal outcomes in SLE patients who stopped scheduled belimumab within the first trimester (group A) and those who continued scheduled belimumab during the first trimester or thereafter (group B).

Material and method

All belimumab-exposed pregnancy-related reports were extracted from the EudraVigilance (EV) database until March 11th, 2021. After case review, repeated cases, uninformative reports, non-medical elective abortions and foetal chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. Included pregnancies were divided into two groups (group A and B, as described above). Foetal outcomes were divided into live birth or foetal death (due to miscarriage or stillbirth) and were compared between both groups. Furthermore, neonatal outcomes, such as reporting rates of preterm birth, low birth weight and major congenital malformations were compared.

Results

No statistical difference in foetal death was observed between group A and B (reported numbers (%) = 32 (46.4) and 11 (52.4), respectively). Odds ratio (OR, [95% Confidence Intervals (CIs)]) of foetal death in group B compared to group A was 1.27 [0.48, 3.32]. Reporting rates of preterm birth and low birth weight were higher – though not statistically different – in group A.

Conclusion

The positive results of our study are supportive for the continuation of belimumab during pregnancy. Since the analysis is based on spontaneous reports/retrospective data, additional studies are needed to confirm the results.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Different Delivery Route and Dosages in Rat Models of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Liu Guangyang , Zhao Zhiling , Wang Herui , Hao Chunhua , Wang Weiting , Zhang Chenliang , Wang Tiehua , Li Xin , Xi Jingjing , Li Shaoyun , Long Haomiao , Mi Yi , Miao Li , Chen Yaoyao , Xu Liqiang , Zheng Libo , Wang Hao , Ding Ning , Zhu Fengmei , Ge Qinggang , Liu Yongjun
Published: November 2022

Recent studies have shown that the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) may be a promising strategy for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) with different administration routes and dosages on SCI rats. Following T10-spinal cord contusion in Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 60), three different dosages of hUC-MSCs were intrathecally injected into rats (SCI-ITH) after 24 h. Intravenous injection of hUC-MSCs (SCI-i.v.) and methylprednisolone reagent (SCI-PC) were used as positive controls (N = 10/group). A SCI control group without treatment and a sham operation group were injected with Multiple Electrolyte Injection solution. The locomotor function was assessed by Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) rating score, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histopathology, and immunofluorescence. ELISA was conducted to further analyze the nerve injury and inflammation in the rat SCI model. Following SCI, BBB scores were significantly lower in the SCI groups compared with the sham operation group, but all the treated groups showed the recovery of hind-limb motor function, and rats receiving the high-dose intrathecal injection of hUC-MSCs (SCI-ITH-H) showed improved outcomes compared with rats in hUC-MSCs i.v. and positive control groups. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant edema and spinal cord lesion in the SCI groups, and significant recovery was observed in the medium and high-dose hUC-MSCs ITH groups. Histopathological staining showed that the necrotic area in spinal cord tissue was significantly reduced in the hUC-MSCs ITH-H group, and the immunofluorescence staining confirmed the neuroprotection effect of hUC-MSCs infused on SCI rats. The increase of inflammatory cytokines was repressed in hUC-MSCs ITH-H group. Our results confirmed that hUC-MSC administered via intrathecal injection has dose-dependent neuroprotection effect in SCI rats.
Water From the Lake of Memory: The Regulatory Model of Nostalgia
Authors: Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine
Published: November 2022

We organize the literature on triggers and functions of nostalgia by advancing a regulatory model in which the emotion serves as a homeostatic corrective (i.e., a process that establishes and maintains a relatively stable psychological equilibrium) that countervails the negative effects of psychological perturbations and adverse environmental conditions. We illustrate complementary approaches to testing this model as it applies to transient, or state-level, nostalgia and show how the model can be generalized to different levels of analysis, including chronic, or trait-level, nostalgia and collective nostalgia. We then formulate a proposal for future research inspired by recent developments in causal mediation analysis and conclude with a discussion of the model’s potential boundary conditions.
Logistic Regression Analysis for Prediction of Financial Failure: Evidence from Central Public Sector Enterprises in India
Authors: Pardeshi Bhushan
Published: November 2022

The present study is intended to predict the financial failure of Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) in India using financial factors that cause the failure and show how the probability of failure can be effectively explained. This study is obvious because of the growing failure of the enterprises in India and the factors that push them to fail obviously calls into question the sustainable financial health of these enterprises. Policies, regulations and new strategies should be developed to help management and policymakers to examine the factors that affect the likelihood of failure. For this study, 27 heavy, medium and light engineering enterprises were chosen as a sample, with a 10-year study period. The magnitude of firm-specific endogenous factors in determining and/or explaining the failure of enterprises is revealed by principal component analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to examine these variables. The result of logistic regression has an accuracy of 83.9% in predicting the failure. According to the findings, working capital, net profit, return on assets, gross value added to capital employed, labour cost to sales, capital–output ratio and sales to total assets are the financial factors that significantly impact the probability of failure. Financial health was also examined using the Altman Z-score model. The results demonstrate the negative Z-score recorded by failure enterprises and distressed category enterprises. The study shows that the CPSEs failure can be avoided if indications and influencing factors are established in time and the correct prediction model is applied to enhance the financial situation.
Impact of Free Trade Area on Trade, Revenue and Welfare in Nigeria
Authors: Chukwu Ndubuisi O. , Omeje Ambrose Nnaemeka , Ofoezie Kasie Emmanuel , Ugwu Michael Okike , Mba Augustine Jideofor
Published: November 2022

This study offers an analytical evaluation of the effects of Free Trade Area (FTA) agreements on trade, revenue, and welfare in Nigeria. The study applied World-Integrated Trade Solution/Software for Market Analysis and Restrictions on Trade (WITS-SMART), anchored on a partial equilibrium model (PEM) for its simulations. The study simulated 100% tariff elimination on selected products under Harmonized System (HS)-2 classification code sourced from Trade Analysis Information Systems (TRAINS) and Common Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE). The study’s findings show that the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement will benefit Nigeria’s economy from trade creation estimated at US$8,860.419 million, including a favorable welfare gain to the value of US$740.571 million. Nevertheless, Nigeria will sustain losses in trade revenue, valued at US$6,142.061 million. The study recommends proficient revenue management and well-diversified revenue collection sources, such as improvement in Value Added Tax and Ad-Valorem duty, to cushion the effects of the revenue loss resulting from tariff elimination in the FTA.

JEL Classification F1, F2, F4, F5, F6, I3
Foreign Direct Investment and Financial Development in Selected MENA Region Countries: Panel ARDL Approach
Authors: El Fakiri Ahlam , Cherkaoui Kenza
Published: November 2022

This article empirically examines the linkage between foreign direct investment (FDI) and financial development (FD) in 16 selected countries of the MENA region (Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malta, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and the United Arab Emirates) over the period 2000–2018. The research investigates the long- and short-run effects of FD on FDI inflows using panel ARDL. This model is based on the dynamic fixed effect (DFE) estimator. The article employs three proxies of FD as developed by the IMF, namely, the overall financial development (OFD), financial markets’ development (FM), and financial institutions’ development proxy (FI). The purpose was to analyze the impact of FD by covering the depth, efficiency, and access to financial markets and their institutions. The findings suggest that even though no significant relationship is established in the short run, the long-run coefficients of the overall FD proxy and FM proxy are positive and statistically significant. The estimates suggest that a 1% increase in the overall FD proxy and FM proxy results in an increase of 172% and 150% of FDI inflows to MENA region countries, respectively.

JEL Classification F21, F23, G15, O16
Taking Alternative Routes? Examining Mainstream and Alternative Media Consumption Based on Political Identity
Authors: Funk Joel , Schultz Cindy Price , Landreville Kristen D.
Published: November 2022

News consumers today can access a wider variety of news sources than ever before, as trust in mainstream media is declining, particularly among conservatives, and distrust for people on opposite sides of the political aisle is also growing. Alternative news outlets maintain they are corrective to mainstream outlets, focusing on a particular political agenda, being more activist than their mainstream counterparts, and differentiating themselves from elite journalists. Through the lens of selective exposure, this study examined the extent to which consumers use mainstream news or selectively expose themselves to alternative news. It also explored how political ideology and trust related to alternative news use. Results showed that while partisans selectively exposed themselves to alternative sources that framed events in ways that confirmed their biases, the overwhelming majority of news consumers still turned to mainstream sources. However, conservatives are turning to mainstream sources less, and their use of conservative alternative news is driven partly by less trust in news and more interest in politics. Overall implications of this study contribute to understanding news consumer choices in that selective exposure occurs in the digital age.
Political inequality in participation index - a Gini-based measure of inequalities in political participation
Authors: Susánszky Pál , Somogyi Róbert , Tóth Gergely
Published: November 2022

Measuring inequalities in political participation across social groups is a challenging task as participation is typically coded in dummy variables. For instance, social scientists record whether their respondents have voted in the previous elections (1) or not (0). In this paper, we identify a list of desirable criteria that an inequality index used for empirical comparative studies should meet. Existing inequality indices fail to satisfy one or more of these criteria. Building on our list, we define a new Gini-type index, the Political Inequality in Participation Index (PIPI), suitable for cross-country comparisons. We show that inequalities measured by the PIPI are correlated to, but are qualitatively different from the best-known measurements. In particular, using data simulation techniques, we demonstrate that this correlation is decreasing in the complexity of societies’ structure. Moreover, by replicating an existing study, we further demonstrate that when working with real-world data, the PIPI provides new empirical results.
Preparation and magneto-mechanical properties of 3D microporous magnetorheological foam
Authors: Yang Jialin , Zhang Wenkang , Ge Xiaohui
Published: November 2022

Magnetorheological (MR) materials with excellent magneto-mechanical properties have great application values in the field of vibration reduction and buffering. By combining the advantages of light weight and excellent energy absorption of porous polymer materials, the development of porous MR materials can improve the buffer performance of MR technology. In this paper, we proposed a one-step method for fabricating the 3D microporous MR foam based on polyurethane matrix. Micromorphology of MR foam character by scanning electron microscope shows the existence of a 3D network structure with embedded carbonyl iron particles (CIPs). The unique 3D microporous structure ensures the excellent magneto-mechanical properties of MR foam. The test results analyzed by a rheometer reveal that its compressive modulus and shear storage modulus enhanced significantly with the magnetic field. The influence factors such as CIP content, shear frequency, and shear strain have been systematically studied under the oscillating shear mode. It indicated that the MR foam exhibits obvious viscoelasticity, the dynamic modulus depends on the shear frequency and shear strain, and it has excellent magneto-mechanical properties. This work can provide a new technical solution for fabrication of MR porous materials for MR buffer technology.
Systematic Review of Research on Special Education Needs in Greater China
Authors: Simon Chan Tak Mau , Victor Lau Chi Yuen , Christina Yu Hoi Wa , Kitty Mo Yuen Han
Published: November 2022

Purpose: This article reviews research work on special education needs in Greater China during the past 5 decades. Methods: All searches are done on online search engines to determine the (a) volume of the related research work, (b) targets of the research studies, (c) types of SENs addressed, and (d) type of research work. Results: 828 publications are identified, among which the majority are published in the Mainland China and Taiwanese contexts. The most common target groups are “children” (51.3%). The studies mostly focus on ASD with 467 articles (56.4%), and 600 articles (72.5%) are descriptive, empirical, or correlational. Conclusion: There is a shift of research target group from person of interest to caregivers; importance of collective shame in the Chinese culture; and increase in research in the Greater China context. More support for research related to SEN in Greater China and acknowledging cultural relevance are recommended.
Facilitating Personal Recovery Through Mindfulness-Based Intervention Among People With Mental Illness
Authors: Cheng Daphne Y. T. , Young Daniel K. W. , Carlbring Per , Ng Petrus Y. N. , Hung Shirley S. L.
Published: November 2022

Purpose: This pre-pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI, “REMIND1.0”) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Twenty mental health service users were allocated to either 8 weekly mixed-mode MBI ( n  = 10) or treatment-as-usual (TAU) ( n  = 10). Results: There were significant interactions between group and time (baseline T0, post-intervention T1, and 1-month follow-up T2) across all quantitative outcomes (personal recovery, trait mindfulness, self-compassion, resilience, moods, quality of life, and general health). The main themes that emerged from qualitative interviews at T1 are previous experience with MBIs, features of current MBI, and benefits of personal recovery and at T2 are recollection of MBI content, maintaining regular practice after MBI, and retained benefits of personal recovery. Conclusions: The current MBI is acceptable, feasible, and potentially effective in facilitating personal recovery.
The Churning of Organizational Learning: A Case Study of District and School Leaders Using Social Network Analysis
Authors: Caduff Anita , Daly Alan J. , Finnigan Kara S. , Leal Christina C.
Published: November 2022

Research provides ample evidence that positive social relations and access to knowledge are supportive for educational change. However, few studies have examined how personnel turnover and restructuring in school districts influence these processes, specifically as they relate to leaders’ access to research evidence and perception of organizational learning and culture. In this longitudinal exploratory mixed-methods case study, we examine the changes in social networks and organizational learning among school and district leaders during a 3-year district restructuring process. Our study uses social network analysis, bivariate analyses, and qualitative coding. We surveyed district and school leaders about their districts’ capacity for organizational learning, organizational culture, and social ties around research evidence. Our results suggest a decrease in the district’s capacity to diffuse ideas from research between Years 1 and 3, which may inhibit efforts for improvement. Further, the data on school and district leaders who did not leave the district indicates a decrease in the perception of organizational learning and culture in school sites, but not in the district with differences between principals and central office staff. Qualitative findings support an association between the restructuring and changes in organizational learning and social structures and provide further reasons for the changes (e.g., lack of communication, time to maintain/build relationships, and opportunities for professional development). These findings speak to the importance of leaders focusing on the social side of change during times of churn, including strengthening trust, fostering collective values and beliefs, and countering division.