bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coccolith-calcite Sr/Ca as a proxy for transient export production related to Saharan dust deposition in the tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Guerreiro C. V. , Ziveri P. , Cavaleiro C. , Stuut J.-B. W.
Published: February 2024

Atmospheric dust deposition can modulate the earth’s climate and atmospheric CO2 through fertilising the ocean (nutrient source) and by accelerating the biological carbon pump through fuelling the ballasting process. To distinguish the biogeochemical effects of Saharan dust with respect to fertilization and ballasting, and to gain a broader perspective on the coccolith calcite Sr/Ca in relation to the drivers of coccolith export production, we determined the coccolith-Sr/Ca from a one-year (2012–2013) time-series sediment trap record in the western tropical North Atlantic (M4—49°N/12°W). High Sr/Ca were linked to enhanced export production in the upper part of the photic zone, most notably under windier, dry, and dustier conditions during spring. Attenuated Sr/Ca in the autumn probably reflect a combination of lower Sr-incorporation by dominant but small-size placolith-bearing species and the presence of “aged” coccoliths rapidly scavenged during a highly productive and usually fast export event, likely added by (wet) dust ballasting. Higher Sr/Ca observed in the large coccolith size fractions support the existing notion that larger-sized coccolithophores incorporate more Sr during calcification under the same environmental conditions. The presence of the abnormally Sr-rich species Scyphosphaera apsteinii is also shown in the separated large fraction of our Sr/Ca seasonal data.
Enhancing soot oxidation using microtextured surfaces
Authors: Oren Oz , McTaggart-Cowan Gordon , Khan Sami
Published: February 2024

Biomass combustion provides energy needs for millions of people worldwide. However, soot accumulation on the combustors’ walls significantly reduces heat transfer efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate how microtextured surfaces minimize soot accumulation by enhancing soot oxidation. We investigate soot layers from the combustion of paraffin wax as a model for wood-based soot, and find that randomly microtextured glass obtained by sandblasting shows a 71% reduction in the time taken to oxidize 90% of surface soot coverage when compared to smooth glass at 530 °C. We also study grooved microtextures fabricated via laser ablation and find that grooves with widths between 15 and 50 µm enhance soot oxidation, while the expedited advantage is lost when the groove width is 85 µm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy validates the superior extent of soot removal on microtextures down to a sub-nanometer length-scale. The high density of sharp features such as peaks and edges on microtextures, and the conformality of the soot layer to the microtextures contribute to increased soot oxidation. We also demonstrate enhanced soot oxidation on microtextured stainless steel, the principal material of construction in biomass combustors. Microtextured surfaces that facilitate soot oxidation upon contact could significantly improve performance and longevity in various combustion applications.
3D seismic analysis of mine planning using Aczel–Alsina aggregation operators based on T-spherical fuzzy information
Authors: Ma Lijun , Javed Kinza , Ali Zeeshan , Tehreem Tehreem , Yin Shi
Published: February 2024

3D seismic attributes analysis can help geologists and mine developers associate subsurface geological features, structures, faults, and ore bodies more precisely and accurately. The major influence of this application is to evaluate the usage of the 3D seismic attributes analysis in gold mine planning. For this, we evaluate the novel theory of complex T-spherical hesitant fuzzy (CTSHF) sets and their operational laws. Furthermore, we derive the CTSHF Aczel–Alsina weighted power averaging (CTSHFAAWPA) operator, CTSHF Aczel–Alsina ordered weighted power averaging (CTSHFAAOWPA) operator, CTSHF Aczel–Alsina weighted power geometric (CTSHFAAWPG) operator, and CTSHF Aczel–Alsina ordered.com weighted power geometric (CTSHFAAOWPG) operator. Some properties are also investigated for the above operators. Additionally, we evaluate the problems of 3D seismic attributes analysis to mine planning under the consideration of the proposed operators, for this, we illustrate the problem of the multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) technique for the above operators. Finally, we demonstrate some examples for making the comparison between prevailing and proposed information to improve the worth of the derived operators.
Impact of a Task-Grabbing System for surgical technicians on operating room efficiency
Authors: Chen Xiuwen , He Jiqun , Peng Luofang , Lin Li , Cheng Pengfei , Xiao Yao , Liu Shiqing
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Task-Grabbing System on operating room efficiency. Based on the competition-driven concept of the ‘Uber’ app, an Task-Grabbing System was designed for task allocation and quality assessment. We implemented the Task-Grabbing System in our hospital operating room and compared the differences in consecutive operation preparation time, turnover time, and task completion time performed by surgical technicians for tasks such as patient pick-up, operating room cleaning, medical equipment recovery, three-piece set delivery, as well as blood gas analysis and intraoperative specimen submission before (October 2019) and after (December 2019) the implementation of the Task-Grabbing System. After the implementation of the Task-Grabbing System, the consecutive operation preparation time was reduced from the average of 43.56–38.55 min (P < 0.05), and the turnover time was decreased from the average of 14.25–12.61 min (P < 0.05). And the respective time consuming of surgical technicians for patients picking up, operating room cleaning, medical facilities recovering, the three-piece set delivering, blood gas analysis sending and intraoperative specimen submitting was significantly shortened (P < 0.05). The Task-Grabbing System could improve the operating room efficiency and effectively mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of the surgical technicians.
Preliminary validation of the Mental Health Test in a psychiatric sample
Authors: Zábó Virág , Erát Dávid , Gonda Xenia , Harangozó Judit , Iváncsics Máté , Vincze Ágnes , Farkas Judit , Balogh Gábor , Oláh Attila , Kéri Szabolcs , Purebl György , Vargha András
Published: February 2024

To assist psychiatrists and clinical psychologists to assess their patients’ psychological immune competence-based capacities and resources, depending on the mental health disorder diagnosis and the severity of the symptoms, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Test in a psychiatric sample. The research was carried out in four Hungarian healthcare facilities using a cross-sectional design. A total of 331 patients (140 male, 188 female, and 3 who preferred not to disclose their gender) completed the Mental Health Test, six well-being and mental health measures, and the Symptom Checklist-90. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists reported the mental disorder status of each participant. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the five-factor model to the data for the clinical version of the Mental Health Test (CFI = 0.972, RMSEA = 0.034). High internal consistency coefficients (α: 0.70–0.84; ω: 0.71–0.85) and excellent external and content validity were reported. The test is not sensitive to sociodemographic indicators but is sensitive to the correlates of well-being and to the symptoms of different types of mental disorders. Our preliminary findings suggest that the Mental Health Test is a suitable measure for assessing mental health capacities and resources in psychiatric samples.
Complex European invasion history of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky): new insights in its population genomic differentiation using genotype-by-sequencing
Authors: Haeussermann Iris , Hasselmann Martin
Published: February 2024

Anthropogenic activities like trade facilitate increasing rates of biological invasions. Asian long-horned beetle (ALB), which is naturally distributed in eastern Asia (China, Korean peninsula), was introduced via wood packing materials (WPM) used in trade to North America (1996) and Europe (2001). We used 7810 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived by a genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to decipher the introduction patterns into Europe. This is applied for the first time on European ALB outbreaks from Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, both from still active and already eradicated infestations. The genome-wide SNPs detected signs of small and highly structured populations within Europe, showing clear founder effects. The very high population differentiation is presumably derived from multiple independent introductions to Europe, which are spatially restricted in mating. By admixture and phylogenetic analyses, some cases of secondary dispersal were observed. Furthermore, some populations suggest admixture, which might have been originated by either multiple introductions from different sources into the new sites or recurrent introductions from an admixed source population. Our results confirmed a complex invasion history of the ALB into Europe and the usability of GBS obtained SNPs in invasion science even without source populations.
Initial development of skill with a reversed bicycle and a case series of experienced riders
Authors: Magnard Justine , Macaulay Timothy R. , Schroeder E. Todd , Laine Christopher , Gordon James , Schweighofer Nicolas
Published: February 2024

Riding a bicycle is considered a durable skill that cannot be forgotten. Here, novice participants practiced riding a reversed bicycle, in which a reversing gear inverted the handlebar’s rotation. Although learning to ride the reversed bicycle was possible, it was slow, highly variable, implicit, and followed an S-shape pattern. In the initial learning phase, failed attempts to ride the normal bicycle indicated strong interference between the two bicycle skills. While additional practice decreased this interference effect, a subset of learners could not ride either bicycle after eight sessions of practice. Experienced riders who performed extensive practice could switch bicycles without failed attempts and exhibited similar performance (i.e., similar handlebar oscillations) on both bicycles. However, their performance on the normal bicycle was worse than that of the novice bicycle riders at baseline. In conclusion, “unlearning” of the normal bicycle skill precedes the initial learning of the reversed bicycle skill, and a signature of such unlearning is still present following extensive practice.
A machine learning approach for modeling the occurrence of the major intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis in East Africa
Authors: Tabo Zadoki , Breuer Lutz , Fabia Codalli , Samuel Gorata , Albrecht Christian
Published: February 2024

Schistosomiasis, a prevalent water-borne disease second only to malaria, significantly impacts impoverished rural communities, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa where over 90% of the severely affected population resides. The disease, majorly caused by Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium parasites, relies on freshwater snails, specifically Biomphalaria and Bulinus species, as crucial intermediate host (IH) snails. Targeted snail control is advisable, however, there is still limited knowledge about the community structure of the two genera especially in East Africa. Utilizing a machine learning approach, we employed random forest to identify key features influencing the distribution of both IH snails in this region. Our results reveal geography and climate as primary factors for Biomphalaria, while Bulinus occurrence is additionally influenced by soil clay content and nitrogen concentration. Favorable climate conditions indicate a high prevalence of IHs in East Africa, while the intricate connection with geography might signify either dispersal limitations or environmental filtering. Predicted probabilities demonstrate non-linear patterns, with Bulinus being more likely to occur than Biomphalaria in the region. This study provides foundational framework insights for targeted schistosomiasis prevention and control strategies in the region, assisting health workers and policymakers in their efforts.
Synergistic inhibition effects of andrographolide and baicalin on coronavirus mechanisms by downregulation of ACE2 protein level
Authors: Wan Lina , Li Yuchen , Liao Wenhao , Lei Lizhen , Zhao Maoyuan , Zeng Jinhao , Zhao Ziyi , Tang Jianyuan
Published: February 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, belonging to the Coronavirus genus, which poses a threat to human health worldwide. Current therapies focus on inhibiting viral replication or using anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory compounds to enhance host immunity. This makes the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine compounds ideal therapies due to their proven safety and minimal toxicity. Previous research suggests that andrographolide and baicalin inhibit coronaviruses; however, their synergistic effects remain unclear. Here, we studied the antiviral mechanisms of their synergistic use in vitro and in vivo. We selected the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus for viral studies and found that synergistic andrographolide and baicalein significantly reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein level and viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells compared to singal compound individually and inhibited the major protease activity of SARS-CoV-2. This mechanism is essential to reduce the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, their synergistic use in vivo also inhibited the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α—the primary cytokines in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (the main cause of COVID-19 deaths). In conclusion, this study shows that synergistic andrographolide and baicalein treatment acts as potent inhibitors of coronavirus mechanisms in vitro and in vivo—and is more effective together than in isolation.
Sensory manipulation as a countermeasure to robot teleoperation delays: system and evidence
Authors: Du Jing , Vann William , Zhou Tianyu , Ye Yang , Zhu Qi
Published: February 2024

In the realm of robotics and automation, robot teleoperation, which facilitates human–machine interaction in distant or hazardous settings, has surged in significance. A persistent issue in this domain is the delays between command issuance and action execution, causing negative repercussions on operator situational awareness, performance, and cognitive load. These delays, particularly in long-distance operations, are difficult to mitigate even with the most advanced computing advancements. Current solutions mainly revolve around machine-based adjustments to combat these delays. However, a notable lacuna remains in harnessing human perceptions for an enhanced subjective teleoperation experience. This paper introduces a novel approach of sensory manipulation for induced human adaptation in delayed teleoperation. Drawing from motor learning and rehabilitation principles, it is posited that strategic sensory manipulation, via altered sensory stimuli, can mitigate the subjective feeling of these delays. The focus is not on introducing new skills or adapting to novel conditions; rather, it leverages prior motor coordination experience in the context of delays. The objective is to reduce the need for extensive training or sophisticated automation designs. A human-centered experiment involving 41 participants was conducted to examine the effects of modified haptic cues in teleoperations with delays. These cues were generated from high-fidelity physics engines using parameters from robot-end sensors or physics engine simulations. The results underscored several benefits, notably the considerable reduction in task time and enhanced user perceptions about visual delays. Real-time haptic feedback, or the anchoring method, emerged as a significant contributor to these benefits, showcasing reduced cognitive load, bolstered self-confidence, and minimized frustration. Beyond the prevalent methods of automation design and training, this research underscores induced human adaptation as a pivotal avenue in robot teleoperation. It seeks to enhance teleoperation efficacy through rapid human adaptation, offering insights beyond just optimizing robotic systems for delay compensations.
Dynamics of task preparation processes revealed by effect course analysis on response times and error rates
Authors: Berger Alexander , Kunde Wilfried , Kiefer Markus
Published: February 2024

Cuing or executing a task impacts processing pathways for task-relevant information. While there is ample evidence that processing associated with task execution changes with practice, such evidence regarding cue-induced task preparation is scarce. Here we explored practice-related changes of processing pathways by task cuing in order to assess the plasticity of task preparation. We first developed and validated a new method for the study of practice-related changes, the effect course analysis. The effect course analysis is a model-free, non-parametric method designed to reveal effect changes within an experimental session on a continuous time scale. Then we applied this method to a new study in which cued task sets were supposed to remain activated during assessment of task-relevant pathways, as potential task execution was postponed at the end of the trial. The results showed that, with little practice, task cuing amplified task-relevant pathways, whereas this effect vanished with practice, suggesting that practice prompts fundamental changes of how task cues are used for task preparation. Hence, if one cannot be certain that cognitive processing is stationary, investigating the time course of experimental effects appears to be crucial to determine how cognitive processing is influenced by practice.
Dynamic hydrogen peroxide levels reveal a rate-dependent sensitivity in B-cell lymphoma signaling
Authors: Witmond Melde , Keizer Emma , Kiffen Bas , Huck Wilhelm T. S. , van Buggenum Jessie A. G. L.
Published: February 2024

Although in vivo extracellular microenvironments are dynamic, most in vitro studies are conducted under static conditions. Here, we exposed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells to gradient increases in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thereby capturing some of the dynamics of the tumour microenvironment. Subsequently, we measured the phosphorylation response of B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling proteins CD79a, SYK and PLCγ2 at a high temporal resolution via single-cell phospho-specific flow cytometry. We demonstrated that the cells respond bimodally to static extracellular H2O2, where the percentage of cells that respond is mainly determined by the concentration. Computational analysis revealed that the bimodality results from a combination of a steep dose–response relationship and cell-to-cell variability in the response threshold. Dynamic gradient inputs of varying durations indicated that the H2O2 concentration is not the only determinant of the signalling response, as cells exposed to more shallow gradients respond at lower H2O2 levels. A minimal model of the proximal BCR network qualitatively reproduced the experimental findings and uncovered a rate-dependent sensitivity to H2O2, where a lower rate of increase correlates to a higher sensitivity. These findings will bring us closer to understanding how cells process information from their complex and dynamic in vivo environments.
Exploring the impact of stage and tumor site on colorectal cancer survival: Bayesian survival modeling
Authors: Alinia Shayesteh , Ahmadi Samira , Mohammadi Zahra , Rastkar Shirvandeh Farzaneh , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad , Mahmoudi Leila , Safari Malihe , Roshanaei Ghodratollah
Published: February 2024

Colorectal cancer is a prevalent malignancy with global significance. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the influence of stage and tumor site on survival outcomes in 284 colorectal cancer patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2017. Patients were categorized into four groups based on tumor site (colon and rectum) and disease stage (early stage and advanced stage). Demographic characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were recorded. Bayesian survival modeling was performed using semi-competing risks illness-death models with an accelerated failure time (AFT) approach, utilizing R 4.1 software. Results demonstrated significantly higher time ratios for disease recurrence (TR = 1.712, 95% CI 1.489–2.197), mortality without recurrence (TR = 1.933, 1.480–2.510), and mortality after recurrence (TR = 1.847, 1.147–2.178) in early-stage colon cancer compared to early-stage rectal cancer. Furthermore, patients with advanced-stage rectal cancer exhibited shorter survival times for disease recurrence than patients with early-stage colon cancer. The interaction effect between the disease site and cancer stage was not significant. These findings, derived from the optimal Bayesian log-normal model for terminal and non-terminal events, highlight the importance of early detection and effective management strategies for colon cancer. Early-stage colon cancer demonstrated improved survival rates for disease recurrence, mortality without recurrence, and mortality after recurrence compared to other stages. Early intervention and comprehensive care are crucial to enhance prognosis and minimize adverse events in colon cancer patients.
Investigation of periodontitis, halitosis, xerostomia, and serological characteristics of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and identification of new biomarkers
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Hong Seung-Jae , Lee Gi-Ja , Shin Seung-Il , Hong Ji-Youn , Chung Sang Wan , Lee Yeon-Ah
Published: February 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are two different types of arthritis. Within RA, the subsets between seronegative RA (snRA) and seropositive RA (spRA) represent distinct disease entities; however, identifying clear distinguishing markers between them remains a challenge. This study investigated and compared the oral health conditions in patients with RA and OA to clarify the differences from healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the serological characteristics of the patients, the factors that distinguished patients with RA from those with OA, and the main factors that differentiated between snRA and spRA patients. A total of 161 participants (mean age: 52.52 ± 14.57 years, 32 males and 129 females) were enrolled in this study and categorized as: normal (n = 33), OA (n = 31), and RA (n = 97). Patients with RA were divided into the following two subtypes: snRA (n = 18) and spRA (n = 79). Demographics, oral health, and serological characteristics of these patients were compared. The prevalence of periodontal diseases was significantly higher in patients with OA (100%) and RA (92.8%) than in healthy controls (0.0%). However, the presence of periodontal diseases was not utilized as a distinguishing factor between OA and RA. Xerostomia occurred more frequently in patients with RA (84.5%) than in patients with OA (3.2%) and healthy controls (0.0%) (all p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that periodontal disease was a very strong predictor in the diagnosis of OA compared to healthy controls, with an AUC value of 1.00 (p < 0.001). Additionally, halitosis (AUC = 0.746, 95% CI 0.621–0.871, p < 0.001) and female sex (AUC = 0.663, 95% CI 0.529–0.797, p < 0.05) were also significant predictors of OA. The strongest predictors of RA diagnosis compared to healthy controls were periodontal diseases (AUC = 0.964), followed by xerostomia (AUC = 0.923), age (AUC = 0.923), female sex (AUC = 0.660), and halitosis (AUC = 0.615) (all p < 0.05). Significant serological predictors of RA were anti-CCP Ab (AUC = 0.808), and RF (AUC = 0.746) (all p < 0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, xerostomia (odds ratio, OR: 8124.88, 95% CI 10.37–6368261.97, p-value = 0.008) and Anti-CCP Ab (OR: 671.33, 95% CI 2.18–207,074.02, p = 0.026) were significant predictors for RA compared to OA. When diagnosing spRA compared to snRA, anti-CCP Ab (AUC = 1.000, p < 0.001) and RF (AUC = 0.910, 95%CI 0.854–0.967, p < 0.001) had outstanding predictive performances. Therefore, clinicians and researchers should thoroughly evaluate the oral status of both OA and RA patients, alongside serological factors, and consider these elements as potential predictors.
Towards trustworthy seizure onset detection using workflow notes
Authors: Saab Khaled , Tang Siyi , Taha Mohamed , Lee-Messer Christopher , Ré Christopher , Rubin Daniel L.
Published: February 2024

A major barrier to deploying healthcare AI is trustworthiness. One form of trustworthiness is a model’s robustness across subgroups: while models may exhibit expert-level performance on aggregate metrics, they often rely on non-causal features, leading to errors in hidden subgroups. To take a step closer towards trustworthy seizure onset detection from EEG, we propose to leverage annotations that are produced by healthcare personnel in routine clinical workflows—which we refer to as workflow notes—that include multiple event descriptions beyond seizures. Using workflow notes, we first show that by scaling training data to 68,920 EEG hours, seizure onset detection performance significantly improves by 12.3 AUROC (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic) points compared to relying on smaller training sets with gold-standard labels. Second, we reveal that our binary seizure onset detection model underperforms on clinically relevant subgroups (e.g., up to a margin of 6.5 AUROC points between pediatrics and adults), while having significantly higher FPRs (False Positive Rates) on EEG clips showing non-epileptiform abnormalities (+19 FPR points). To improve model robustness to hidden subgroups, we train a multilabel model that classifies 26 attributes other than seizures (e.g., spikes and movement artifacts) and significantly improve overall performance (+5.9 AUROC points) while greatly improving performance among subgroups (up to +8.3 AUROC points) and decreasing false positives on non-epileptiform abnormalities (by 8 FPR points). Finally, we find that our multilabel model improves clinical utility (false positives per 24 EEG hours) by a factor of 2×.
Leveraging electronic health records and knowledge networks for Alzheimer’s disease prediction and sex-specific biological insights
Authors: Tang Alice S. , Rankin Katherine P. , Cerono Gabriel , Miramontes Silvia , Mills Hunter , Roger Jacquelyn , Zeng Billy , Nelson Charlotte , Soman Karthik , Woldemariam Sarah , Li Yaqiao , Lee Albert , Bove Riley , Glymour Maria , Aghaeepour Nima , Oskotsky Tomiko T. , Miller Zachary , Allen Isabel E. , Sanders Stephan J. , Baranzini Sergio , Sirota Marina
Published: February 2024

Identification of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) onset risk can facilitate interventions before irreversible disease progression. We demonstrate that electronic health records from the University of California, San Francisco, followed by knowledge networks (for example, SPOKE) allow for (1) prediction of AD onset and (2) prioritization of biological hypotheses, and (3) contextualization of sex dimorphism. We trained random forest models and predicted AD onset on a cohort of 749 individuals with AD and 250,545 controls with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.72 (7 years prior) to 0.81 (1 day prior). We further harnessed matched cohort models to identify conditions with predictive power before AD onset. Knowledge networks highlight shared genes between multiple top predictors and AD (for example, APOE, ACTB, IL6 and INS). Genetic colocalization analysis supports AD association with hyperlipidemia at the APOE locus, as well as a stronger female AD association with osteoporosis at a locus near MS4A6A. We therefore show how clinical data can be utilized for early AD prediction and identification of personalized biological hypotheses.
Phenotypic and genomic characteristics of clinical IMP-producing Klebsiella spp. Isolates in China
Authors: Liu Congcong , Dong Ning , Zhang Yanyan , Sun Qiaoling , Huang Yonglu , Cai Chang , Chen Gongxiang , Zhang Rong
Published: February 2024

Background

IMP-producing Klebsiella spp. (IMPKsp) strains have spread globally, including in China. Currently, the prevalence and genomic characterization of IMPKsp is largely unknown nationwide. Here we aimed to provide a general overview of the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of IMPKsp strains.

Methods

61 IMPKsp strains were obtained from 13 provinces in China during 2016-2021. All strains were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents by the microdilution broth method and sequenced with Illumina next-generation sequencing. We performed conjugation experiments on thirteen representative strains which were also sequenced by Oxford nanopore sequencing technology to characterize blaIMP-encoding plasmids.

Results

We find that all IMPKsp strains display multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. All strains belong to 27 different STs. ST307 emerges as a principal IMP-producing sublineage. blaIMP-4 is found to be the major isoform, followed by blaIMP-38. Seven incompatibility types of blaIMP-encoding plasmids are identified, including IncHI5 (32/61, 52.5%), IncN-IncR (10/61, 16.4%), IncFIB(K)-HI1B (7/61, 11.5%), IncN (5/61, 8.2%), IncN-IncFII (2/61, 3.3%), IncFII (1/61, 1.6%) and IncP (1/61, 1.6%). The strains carrying IncHI5 and IncN plasmids belong to diverse ST types, indicating that these two plasmids may play an important role in the transmission of blaIMP genes among Klebsiella spp. strains.

Conclusions

Our results highlight that multi-clonal transmission, multiple genetic environments and plasmid types play a major role in the dissemination process of blaIMP genes among Klebsiella spp. IncHI5 type plasmids have the potential to be the main vectors mediating the spread of the blaIMP genes in Klebsiella spp.
Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in rodent models of PMP22 gene-dosage diseases
Authors: Krauter Doris , Stausberg Daniela , Hartmann Timon J , Volkmann Stefan , Kungl Theresa , Rasche David A , Saher Gesine , Fledrich Robert , Stassart Ruth M , Nave Klaus-Armin , Goebbels Sandra , Ewers David , Sereda Michael W
Published: February 2024

Haplo-insufficiency of the gene encoding the myelin protein PMP22 leads to focal myelin overgrowth in the peripheral nervous system and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). Conversely, duplication of PMP22 causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A), characterized by hypomyelination of medium to large caliber axons. The molecular mechanisms of abnormal myelin growth regulation by PMP22 have remained obscure. Here, we show in rodent models of HNPP and CMT1A that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-pathway inhibiting phosphatase PTEN is correlated in abundance with PMP22 in peripheral nerves, without evidence for direct protein interactions. Indeed, treating DRG neuron/Schwann cell co-cultures from HNPP mice with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors reduced focal hypermyelination. When we treated HNPP mice in vivo with the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin, motor functions were improved, compound muscle amplitudes were increased and pathological tomacula in sciatic nerves were reduced. In contrast, we found Schwann cell dedifferentiation in CMT1A uncoupled from PI3K/Akt/mTOR, leaving partial PTEN ablation insufficient for disease amelioration. For HNPP, the development of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors may be considered as the first treatment option for pressure palsies.
Tervalent phosphorus acid derivatives
Authors: Pereira Mariette M. , Carrilho Rui M. B. , Calvete Mário J. F.
Published: February 2024

This chapter covers the most relevant literature published during the year 2021, related to tervalent phosphorus acid derivatives. Some of the most relevant concepts are reported, regarding synthetic methodologies to phosphorus amides (aminophosphines, phosphoramidites and diamidophosphites), phosphorus esters (phosphinites, phosphonites and phosphites), and mixed phosphorus compounds bearing two different tervalent phosphorus moieties. A critical selection of their applications is briefly assessed, with an emphasis on the catalytic applications of ligands and metal complexes.
Phosphonium salts and P-ylides
Authors: Fiorani G. , Selva M. , Perosa A.
Published: February 2024

The present review collects and describes the literature on preparation, characterisation and applications of phosphonium salts and ylides, published between January and December 2021. The large number of reviewed references highlights the importance of P-based derivatives in synthetic and non-synthetic applications. For the Reader’s convenience, topics are organized to offer an introductory survey on the methods of preparation and characterisation of each type of compound, followed by an analysis of applicative and curiosity driven research. Recent advances on synthesis and applications of phosphonium-based ionic liquids (PILs) are summarised in a dedicated section, highlighting, in particular, the ever-increasing number extraction and energy storage applications reported for these P-based ionic liquids.
A simple low-cost flexible plasmonic patch based on spiky gold nanostars for ultra-sensitive SERS sensing
Authors: Atta Supriya , Canning Aidan J. , Vo-Dinh Tuan
Published: February 2024

Recently, transparent and flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have received great interest for direct point-of-care detection of analytes on irregular nonplanar surfaces.
A multi-chromic boron trifluoride–pyridyl Lewis adduct
Authors: McDonald Peter W. , Ritchie Chris
Published: February 2024

A boron trifluoride–pyridyl Lewis adduct is reported, which exhibits various types of chromism and high solid-state photoluminescence quantum yields, as well as excitation-dependent emission in the mechanically ground form.
Exploring mechanochemistry of pharmaceutical cocrystals: effect of incident angle on molecular mixing during simulated indentations of two organic solids
Authors: Ferguson Michael , Friščić Tomislav
Published: February 2024

Simulated indentation experiments reveal how the incident angle and speed affect connective neck formation, material transfer, and structural disruption; important parameters for the mechanochemical cocrystallisation of theophylline and citric acid.
A pressure-induced superhard SiCN4 compound uncovered by first-principles calculations
Authors: Wang Chengyu , Yu Guoliang , Zhang Shoutao , Zhao Yu , Chen Hui , Cheng Taimin , Zhang Xinxin
Published: February 2024

Pressure-induced novel SiCN4 structures predicted via the CALYPSO method.
On-surface chemical dynamics of monolayer, bilayer, and many-layered graphene surfaces probed with supersonic beam scattering and STM imaging
Authors: Wagner Joshua , Edel Ross , Grabnic Tim , Wiggins Bryan , Sibener Steven J.
Published: February 2024

Surface scattering paired with scanning-probe microscopy provides unique insights to on-surface chemical dynamics and reveals morphologically dependent interfacial reactivity.
Comparison of the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation in glucose metabolism, lipid profile, inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women
Authors: Li Yi-Ke , Xiao Chen-Lin , Ren Huan , Li Wen-Ru , Guo Zhen , Luo Jian-Quan
Published: February 2024

Multi-combination of probiotic strains, especially those strategies containing LABB, may be more effective than a single probiotic strain in glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress of pregnant women.
Electrochemical depolymerisation of polylactic acid
Authors: Mürtz Sonja D. , Lehnertz Marcus S. , Kümper Justus , Häger Eike , Markus Alexandra , Becker Tabea , Herres-Pawlis Sonja , Palkovits Regina
Published: February 2024

Herein, we present electrochemical depolymerisation as a promising new technique for chemical recycling of polylactic acid.
Blending recombinant amyloid silk proteins generates composite fibers with tunable mechanical properties
Authors: Subramani Shri Venkatesh , Li Jingyao , Lee Kok Zhi , Fisher Natalie , Zhang Fuzhong
Published: February 2024

Blending diverse amyloid-silk proteins enables creation of mechanically programmable composite fibers and adjusting the blending ratio provides precise control over fiber mechanical behavior to specifically tailor them for diverse applications.
Physicochemical properties of functionalized A200 and SBA-15 nanoparticles with enhanced amphiphilicity for Pickering emulsions
Authors: Pan Ting , Zhang Jiliang , Zhang Shuya , Han Xia , Liu Honglai
Published: February 2024

Pickering emulsions stabilized by functionalized A200 and SBA-15 nanoparticles showed different stabilities, where the former was highly stable to be O/W and the latter was susceptible to a phase inversion from O/W to W/O type.
Direct single-molecule detection of CoA-SH and ATP by the membrane proteins TMEM120A and TMEM120B
Authors: Zhao Changjian , Chen Mutian , Liu Xiaofeng , Yuan Weidan , Li Kaiju , Wang Yu , Chen Chen , Zhang Ming , Dong Yuhan , Xiao Yuling , Deng Dong , Geng Jia
Published: February 2024

Membrane proteins are vital resources for developing biosensors.
Ligand-free Pd-catalyzed highly selective arylation of activated and unactivated alkenes via oxidative and reductive heck coupling
Authors: Tian Mixiang , Cui Qinghong , Xu Qiuling , Wu Wenwen , Wang Yuxian , Wei Kun , Sun Ruifen , Wang Junliang
Published: February 2024

We developed a solvent-free, mild, and efficient protocol for Heck–Mizoroki reactions under ultrasonic irradiation in open air, which would be predictable and robust using a range of substrates.
Rational design of a cyclohexanone dehydrogenase for enhanced α,β-desaturation and substrate specificity
Authors: Singh Warispreet , Brown Nicola L. , McCue Hannah V. , Marriott Sophie R. , Wilson Richard C. , Perry Justin , Turkenburg Johan P. , Dubey Kshatresh D. , Prior Stephen H. , Carnell Andrew J. , Taylor Edward J. , Black Gary W.
Published: February 2024

The W113A cyclohexanone dehydrogenase variant had improved substrate scope, i.e., accepting a bulkier compound, compared to wildtype enzyme. Structural analysis of the variant revealed a broader, more open active site, explaining the new substrate scope.
Stability of the chiral crystal phase and breakdown of the cholesteric phase in mixtures of active–passive chiral rods
Authors: Chattopadhyay Jayeeta , Mandal Jaydeep , Maiti Prabal K.
Published: February 2024

We explored the effect of chirality on the phase behaviour of soft helices and the stability of cholesteric phase under scalar activity.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of deformable fluid-filled bodies: progress and perspectives
Authors: Silva Danilo P. F. , Coelho Rodrigo C. V. , Pagonabarraga Ignacio , Succi Sauro , Telo da Gama Margarida M. , Araújo Nuno A. M.
Published: February 2024

With the rapid development of studies involving droplet microfluidics, drug delivery, cell detection, and microparticle synthesis, several models have been proposed to study the flow of fluid-filled bodies.
Interfacial interaction-induced super-wettability of gallium-based liquid metals: a review
Authors: Wang Yiran , Xie Yibing
Published: February 2024

Interfacial interactions are key factors to induce super-wettability between liquid metals and substrates, which mainly involve physical and chemical interactions.
Radiation responsive PROTAC nanoparticles for tumor-specific proteolysis enhanced radiotherapy
Authors: Xu Mengxia , Yun Yuyang , Li Changjun , Ruan Yiling , Muraoka Osamu , Xie Weijia , Sun Xiaolian
Published: February 2024

An X-ray responsive RCNprotac with enhanced tumor accumulation for BRD4 proteolysis and enhanced radiosensitization is reported.
Reliable I/V characteristics and long lifetime of porphyrin-based single-molecule junctions
Authors: Yao Xinlei , Vonesch Maxime , Guan Lihao , Wytko Jennifer , Weiss Jean , Sun Xiaonan , Lacroix Jean-Christophe
Published: February 2024

In this work diamino-porphyrin derivatives, in their free base or cobalt complex forms, have been used to construct SMJs.
Disordered medium-pore zeolite PST-24 as an efficient low-temperature isobutanol dehydration catalyst
Authors: Lee Jeong Hwan , Jo Donghui , Hong Suk Bong
Published: February 2024

The disordered medium-pore zeolite PST-24 was found to be an efficient catalyst for low-temperature dehydration of bio-based isobutanol to isobutene.
The case of a μ2-P aromatic phosphinine as a 4-electron donor forming σ- and π-three–center-two-electron bonds
Authors: Zhang Jie , Hou Yuanfeng , Liu Shihua , Lin Jieli , Li Zhongshu
Published: February 2024

The aromatic μ2-P phosphinine donates four electrons via a σ-lone pair and a high lying π-type electron pair instead of previously reported two σ-lone pairs.
Graphene-based iron single-atom catalysts for electrocatalytic nitric oxide reduction: a first-principles study
Authors: Li Haobo , Wu Donghai , Wu Jiarui , Lv Wenjing , Duan Zhiyao , Ma Dongwei
Published: February 2024

The electrocatalytic NO reduction reaction (NORR) emerges as an intriguing strategy to convert harmful NO into valuable NH3.
Recent advances in methods for live-cell RNA imaging
Authors: Pham Tien G. , Wu Jiahui
Published: February 2024

This minireview summarizes the most recent developments in live-cell RNA imaging technologies in mammalian cells.
Synthesis of galactomannan fragments to help NMR assignment of polysaccharides extracted from lichens
Authors: David Louis-Philippe , Ferron Solenn , Favreau Bénédicte , Yeni Oznur , Ollivier Simon , Ropartz David , Compagnon Isabelle , Ferrières Vincent , Le Dévéhat Françoise , Legentil Laurent
Published: February 2024

Straightforward identification of galactomannans from the fractions of lichen extracts using HSQC.
TsCl promoted deoxygenative phosphorothiolation of quinoline N-oxides towards S-quinolyl phosphorothioates
Authors: Wu Li-Yao , Tian Huang  , Tian Zhong-Ying , Xu Xiang-Qin , Peng Sha , Xie Long-Yong
Published: February 2024

TsCl promoted deoxygenative C2–H phosphorothiolation of quinoline N-oxides with triethylammonium O,O-dialkylphosphorothioates towards various S-quinolyl phosphorothioates was developed.
A hierarchical hollow Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst derived from flower-like Ni–Al layered double hydroxide with stable catalytic performance for CO2 methanation
Authors: Dang Chengxiong , Zhou Jingxun , Xia Huanhuan , Cai Weiquan
Published: February 2024

A hierarchical hollow Ni/H-γ-Al2O3 catalyst composed of cross-linked γ-Al2O3 nanosheets exhibits high efficiency for CO2 methanation.
High-performance binary all-polymer solar cells enabled by a Y-derivative pendant random-copolymerized polymer acceptor with a broad donor–acceptor matching tolerance
Authors: Chen Mingxia , Wang Shanshan , Sun Rui , Yang Xinrong , Wu Xiaohei , Gao Yuan , Xiao Bo , Xu Lin-Yong , Shao Yiming , Xiao Biao , Wan Ji , Zhang Meimei , Yang Renqiang , Ashraf Raja Shahid , Min Jie
Published: February 2024

A new polymer acceptor with Y-derivative pendants is designed to effectively improve donor/acceptor compatibility and blend morphology and construct high-performance binary all-polymer solar cells with a broad donor–acceptor matching tolerance.
Interruption of perivascular and perirenal adipose tissue thromboinflammation rescues prediabetic cardioautonomic and renovascular deterioration
Authors: Al-Saidi Aya , Alzaim Ibrahim F. , Hammoud Safaa H. , Al Arab Ghida , Abdalla Samaya , Mougharbil Nahed , Eid Ali H. , El-Yazbi Ahmed F.
Published: February 2024

The cardiovascular and renovascular complications of metabolic deterioration are associated with localized adipose tissue dysfunction. We have previously demonstrated that metabolic impairment delineated the heightened vulnerability of both the perivascular (PVAT) and perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) depots to hypoxia and inflammation, predisposing to cardioautonomic, vascular and renal deterioration. Interventions either addressing underlying metabolic disturbances or halting adipose tissue dysfunction rescued the observed pathological and functional manifestations. Several lines of evidence implicate adipose tissue thromboinflammation, which entails the activation of the proinflammatory properties of the blood clotting cascade, in the pathogenesis of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Despite offering valuable tools to interrupt the thromboinflammatory cycle, there exists a significant knowledge gap regarding the potential pleiotropic effects of anticoagulant drugs on adipose inflammation and cardiovascular function. As such, a systemic investigation of the consequences of PVAT and PRAT thromboinflammation and its interruption in the context of metabolic disease has not been attempted. Here, using an established prediabetic rat model, we demonstrate that metabolic disturbances are associated with PVAT and PRAT thromboinflammation in addition to cardioautonomic, vascular and renal functional decline. Administration of rivaroxaban, a FXa inhibitor, reduced PVAT and PRAT thromboinflammation and ameliorated the cardioautonomic, vascular and renal deterioration associated with prediabetes. Our present work outlines the involvement of PVAT and PRAT thromboinflammation during early metabolic derangement and offers novel perspectives into targeting adipose tissue thrombo-inflammatory pathways for the management its complications in future translational efforts.
Do Caregiver Perceptions of the Virtual More Than Words® Program Differ Based on Autistic Children's Attributes?
Authors: Miletic Katarina , Servais Michelle , Cardy Janis Oram , Denusik Lauren
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

More Than Words® (MTW) is a caregiver-mediated intervention program led by a speech-language pathologist (SLP) who teaches caregivers strategies to support their autistic child's early social communication and play development. The program includes group sessions composed of multiple families with children of varying profiles. We explored whether caregiver experiences and perceived outcomes of the virtual MTW program differed depending on the child's age and social communication stage.

Method:

As part of a program evaluation of virtual MTW delivered to over 2,000 families in Ontario, Canada, between 2020 and 2021, we randomly selected 31 families across four social communication stages and two age groups using stratified sampling (
n
= 4, in all but one subgroup). The
Final Reflection and Evaluation
form was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, and a modified RE-AIM framework guided our analyses, including theme development.

Results:

Child attributes did not appear to impact caregivers' experiences, but perceived child skill improvements varied by children's social communication stage. The majority of caregivers reported changes in how they interact with their child. Four themes emerged: (a) perceived child skill improvements differed by social communication stage, (b) caregivers gained new knowledge and strategies regardless of child attributes, (c) SLPs effectively managed families' individual needs, and (d) program components were appropriate for a variety of families.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that the content taught in the MTW program was relevant for a variety of children, including those beyond the program's intended age of 5 years and under. Grouping families of children with varying profiles does not appear to negatively influence caregivers' experiences or perceived outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25237009
Adaptive Shrink and Shard Architecture Design for Blockchain Storage Efficiency
Authors: Soesanto Daniel , Ardiyanto Igi , Adji Teguh Bharata
Published: February 2024

One of the problems in the blockchain is the formation of increasingly large data (big data) because each block must store all the transactions it makes. With the problem of the appearance of extensive data (big data), many studies aim to maintain the data in small amounts. This research combines a sorting data technique and a proper compression technique to obtain efficient data storage on the blockchain. The result of this research is a blockchain platform called Adaptive Shrink and Shard Blockchain (AS2BC), which conceptually and computationally can minimize the use of storage space in the blockchain up to 22 times smaller.