bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Guide to Curating New World Melastomataceae Collections with a Linear Generic Sequence to World-Wide Melastomataceae
Authors: Michelangeli Fabian , Almeda Frank , Goldenberg Renato , Penneys Darin
Published: October 2020

The following guide is aimed at aiding in the curation of herbarium collections in Melastomataceae, with an emphasis on the New World species. It contains a summary of the taxonomic realignments at the tribal and generic level within Neotropical taxa of Melastomataceae, as well as some general comments for other groups. A table with a generic linear sequence is also provided, as well as tables with new and synonymized New World genera since 2005 and all currently accepted species. Lastly, a table with the synonyms of over 1000 accepted Neotropical species that have been impacted by these generic realignments is also provided.
Extended General Relativity for a Curved Universe
Authors: Al-Fadhli Mohammed B.
Published: October 2020

The recent Planck Legacy release revealed the presence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in the cosmic microwave background, which endorses the early universe positive curvature with a confidence level exceeding 99%. Although general relativity performs accurately in the present universe where spacetime is almost flat, the necessity of dark matter/energy and the lost boundary term might be signs of its incompleteness. Utilising Einstein–Hilbert action, I present extended field equations considering the pre-existing universal curvatures. The new extended field equations are inclusive of Einstein field equations in addition to the boundary term and the conformal curvature term contributions.
Downtime Data Analysis Based on Maximum Likelihood (MLE) to Estimate Parameters of Reliability Distributions
Authors: Al-Bossly Afrah
Published: October 2020

Reliability analysis techniques are customary standard tools that are used for evaluating the performance of different equipment and devices in order to minimize their downtime. To predict the reliability, life data from a sample that is satisfactorily representative of the equipment should be fitted to the suitable statistical distribution. The parameterized distribution may be used to estimate essential characteristics such as failure rate; and probability at a precise time, as well as system reliability. In the current study, Weibull++/ALTA software package is used as a novel tool to fit the available data set to estimate the best fitted probability density function (PDF) using Maximum Likelihood (MLE) for parameter estimation. The determined distributions are then assessed using goodness-of-fit test to define how well it fits the available data set. There are multiple methods for determining goodness-of-fit. Weibull distributions and their special cases’ parameters have an effect on life times.
Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are Poised to Transform Infertility Healthcare
Authors: de Santiago Ines , Polanski Lukasz
Published: October 2020

Advances in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming the way we treat patients in ways not even imagined a few years ago. Cancer research is at the forefront of this movement. Infertility, though not a life-threatening condition, affects around 15% of couples trying for a pregnancy. Increasing availability of large datasets from various sources creates an opportunity to introduce ML and AI into infertility prevention and treatment. At present in the field of assisted reproduction, very little is done in order to prevent infertility from arising, with the main focus put on treatment when often advanced maternal age and low ovarian reserve make it very difficult to conceive. A shift from this disease-centric model to a health centric model in infertility is already taking place with more emphasis on the patient as an active participator in the process. Poor quality and incomplete data as well as biological variability remain the main limitations in the widespread and reliable implementation of AI in the field of reproductive medicine. That said, one of the areas where this technology managed to find a foothold is identification of developmentally competent embryos. More work is required however to learn about ways to improve natural conception, the detection and diagnosis of infertility, and improve assisted reproduction treatments (ART) and ultimately, develop clinically useful algorithms able to adjust treatment regimens in order to assure a successful outcome of either fertility preservation or infertility treatment. Progress in genomics, digital technologies and advances in integrative biology has had a tremendousimpact on research and clinical medicine. With the rise of ‘big data’, artificial intelligence, and the advances in molecular profiling, there is an enormous potential to transform not only scientific research progress, but also clinical decision making towards predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. In the field of reproductive health, there is now an exciting opportunity to leverage these technologies and develop more sophisticated approaches to diagnose and treat infertility disorders. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of different innovation forces that are driving the emergence of a system approach to the infertility sector. Here we discuss recent influential work and explore the limitations of the use of Machine Learning models in this rapidly developing area.
Analytical Modeling of Residual Stress in Selective Laser Melting Considering Volume Conservation in Plastic Deformation
Authors: Mirkoohi Elham , Li Dongsheng , Garmestani Hamid , Liang and Steven Y.
Published: October 2020

Residual stress (RS) is the most challenging problem in metal additive manufacturing (AM) since the build-up of high tensile RS may influence the fatigue life, corrosion resistance, crack initiation, and failure of the additively manufactured components. While tensile RS is inherent in all the AM processes, fast and accurate prediction of stress state within the part is extremely valuable and would result in optimization of the process parameters in achieving a desired RS and control of the build process. This paper proposes a physics-based analytical model to rapidly and accurately predict the RS within the additively manufactured part. In this model, a transient moving point heat source (HS) is utilized to determine the temperature field. Due to the high temperature gradient within the proximity of the melt pool area, material experience high thermal stress. Thermal stress is calculated by combining three sources of stresses known as stresses due to the body forces, normal tension, and hydrostatic stress in a homogeneous semi-infinite medium. The thermal stress determines the RS state within the part. Consequently, by taking the thermal stress history as an input, both the in-plane and out of plane RS distributions are found from incremental plasticity and kinematic hardening behavior of the metal by considering volume conservation in plastic deformation in coupling with the equilibrium and compatibility conditions. In this modeling, material properties are temperature-sensitive since the steep temperature gradient varies the properties significantly. Moreover, the energy needed for the solid-state phase transition is reflected by modifying the specific heat employing the latent heat of fusion. Furthermore, the multi-layer and multi-scan aspects of metal AM are considered by including the temperature history from previous layers and scans. Results from the analytical RS model presented excellent agreement with XRD measurements employed to determine the RS in the Ti-6Al-4V specimens.
Plant-Derived Isoquinoline Alkaloids that Target Ergosterol Biosynthesis Discovered by Using a Novel Antifungal Screening Tool
Authors: Wong-Deyrup Siu Wah , Song Xun , Ng Tsz-Wai , Liu Xiu-Bin , Zeng Jian-Guo , Qing Zhi-Xing , Deyrup Stephen T. , He Zhendan , Zhang Hong-Jie
Published: October 2020

The ergosterol pathway is a prime antifungal target. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay is a simple research tool that determines the lowest concentration at which a novel antimicrobial with limited scope to determine the mechanism of action for a drug. In this study, we show that by adding hydrogen peroxide, an oxidative stressor, or glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant, to modify a commonly performed MIC assay allowed us to screen selectively for new antifungal drugs that target ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. A human pathogen, Microsporum gypseum, was used as a test organism. When exposed to ergosterol targeting drugs, the hydrogen peroxide treatment significantly decreased fungal survival by reducing ergosterol in the cell wall, whereas GSH increased survival of M. gypseum. Further, by performing a series of experiments with M. gypseum, it was determined that the oxidative stress from hydrogen peroxide causes cell death at different developmental stages. These findings allow us to describe a simple, high-throughput method for simultaneously screening new antifungal drugs for activity and effects on the ergosterol pathway. By using this tool, two isoquinoline alkaloids were discovered to be potent inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis by reducing the amount of ergosterol without affecting the expression of 1,3-β-glucan.
Control of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus in Commercial Greenhouse Production With Agricultural Disinfectants and Resistant Cucumber Varieties
Authors: Ellouze Walid , Mishra Vachaspati , Howard Ronald J. , Ling Kai-Shu , Zhang Weizheng
Published: October 2020

Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a re-emerging threat to greenhouse cucumber and other Cucurbitaceae crop productions worldwide. This seed-borne virus can easily spread from a contaminated seed to seedlings and to adjacent plants through mechanical contact of the foliage of diseased and healthy plants causing extensive yield losses. Additionally, infection may not be limited to the current crop but may also affect subsequent crops due to the long-term persistence of the virus on contaminated crop residues, greenhouse hard surfaces and soil or soil-less greenhouse substrates. In the present work, three greenhouse trials were conducted to develop an integrated pest management strategy towards controlling CGMMV in commercial cucumber greenhouses, by implementing an effective sanitization program and using resistant and grafted cucumber varieties. Results of sanitization trial highlighted that pressure washing and cleansing with an alkaline foam cleanser has eliminated CGMMV on some of the most heavily infested areas. However, three successive applications of cleanser and disinfectants were essential to completely eliminate CGMMV on porous and uneven surfaces, such as cement alleyway, tray gutter and floor mats. The varietal trial revealed that out of 15 cucumber varieties evaluated, two Mini (‘Katrina’ and ‘Khassib’) and three Long English (‘Sepire’, ‘Bomber’ and ‘LC13900’) had reduced or delayed CGMMV infection spread in the greenhouse but were intermediate in yield. The varieties ‘Sunniwell’ and ‘Bonbon’ were the most tolerant to CGMMV. They showed a high CGMMV infection level without compromising yield. These results proved the need for new productive cucumber varieties with CGMMV resistance. Grafting experiment showed only yield increase in case of grafted ‘Picowell’ over ‘Bonbon’ and not marked CGMMV resistance, which is a much desirable result when the grafting experiments are evaluated for their economic potential. In all, the current experimental trials unfold unique methodologies on CGMMV management in commercial greenhouses that are recommended to the growers to be followed for reducing crop losses and get benefitted on revenue compromise.
Clinical and economic aspects of bulevirtide use in patients with chronic hepatitis D
Authors:   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation, Frolov M.Yu. ,   Volgograd Medical Research Center, Volgograd, Russian Federation, Rogov V.A. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation,   Volgograd Medical Research Center, Volgograd, Russian Federation, Salasyuk A.S. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation, Chulanov V.P. ,   National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Bogomolov P.O. ,   M.F.Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

Key words: hepatitis D, delta agent hepatitis, bulevirtide, pegylated interferon, budget impact analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis
Evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and drug interactions of elsulfavirine in healthy volunteers and patients with liver disorders
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kravchenko A.V. , Arsienko R.Yu. ,   Viriom LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation, Azarova V.N. ,   IPHARMA LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pokrovskaya A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kuimova U.A. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yakubova E.V. ,   IPHARMA LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

Key words: elsulfavirine, pharmacokinetics, class A and B liver cirrhosis, rifampicin, rifabutin
Assessment of the antiproliferative effect of antiviral drugs
Authors:   Laboratory of Cell Biology, N.K.Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Rogovaya O.C. , Izmaylova L.Sh. ,   Laboratory of Cell Biology, N.K.Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Serbina O.O. ,   Laboratory of Cell Biology, N.K.Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

Key words: interferon inducers, interferons, bone marrow cell proliferation, Oscillococcinum, Kagocel, Reaferon, Ingavirin
Effects of combination therapy with interferon alpha-2b and vitamins E and C on the course of acute respiratory infections and influenza in children: results of meta-analysis
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ruzhentsova T.A. , Meshkova N.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Khavkina D.А. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

Key words: viral shedding, influenza, children, interferon, interferon-alpha-2b, intoxication, catarrhal symptoms, fever, ARVI, complications, rhinitis, rhinorrhea
Proposal of Motion Judgment Algorithm Based on Joint Angle of Variable Elastic Assist Suit with High Back Drivability
Authors: Kimura Seigo , Suzuki Ryuji , Machida Katsuki , Nishihama Rie , Okui Manabu , Nakamura Taro ,   Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan,   Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
Published: October 2020

In recent years, the burden per worker has increased due to a decrease in the working population. Wearable assist suits have been developed as one of the methods for solving the problem. To extend the assist suit to practical situations, it is necessary to provide a motion judgment interface for judging the motion of a wearer. Therefore, in our study, a motion judgment algorithm is proposed for assist suits, based on variable viscoelasticity. The proposed algorithm judges sitting, standing-up, stance, sitting-down, and gait using only the joint angle information of the suit and verification is performed using human joint angles obtained by motion capture. Thus, the motion judgment rate is 90% or more for sitting, standing-up, stance, and sitting-down, and 80% or more for gait, confirming the usefulness of motion judgment. Additionally, based on these results, further verification is performed on an actual machine. As a result, in a series of motions starting from the sitting to the standing-up, the stance, and the gait, the motion judgement is successful five times from the sitting to the standing-up, the stance, and once in gait. In a series of motions from sitting to standing-up, the stance, and sitting-down, the motion judgment is successful five times during sitting; five times during sitting, stance, and sitting-down; and three times during standing-up. In this way, it is confirmed that the proposed method can judge the motion only by angle information, although there is a problem in a success rate depending on the motion.
Viscosity Control of Magnetorheological Fluid by Power Saving Magnetizing Mechanism Using Movement of Permanent Magnet
Authors: Kawasaki Jumpei , Nakamura Yuki , Sato Yasukazu ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
Published: October 2020

Generally, the magnetic field applied to a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is generated by electromagnets. Electromagnets consume electric power during MRF magnetization, which is an issue. In this study, we examine two kinds of magnetizing mechanism using a permanent magnet, instead of electromagnets, to save electric power and generate a magnetic field on the MRF. One mechanism linearly moves the permanent magnet into the magnetic circuit composed of yokes. The magnetic field intensity on the MRF is then controlled by changing the overlap between the magnet and the yokes. The other mechanism rotates a permanent magnet in the magnetic circuit. The magnetic field intensity on the MRF is then controlled by changing the relative angular position between the magnet and the yokes. These two mechanisms normally generate force or torque on the magnet toward a magnetically stable position concerning the magnet, and the force or torque causes power consumption to hold and move the magnet. We design herein special magnetic circuits and a cancelation mechanism for the force or torque that drastically reduce the power consumption during the MRF magnetization compared with an electromagnet-type magnetizing device.
Handling Big Models and Big Data Sets in History-Matching Problems through an Adaptive Local Analysis Scheme
Authors: Soares Ricardo Vasconcellos , Luo Xiaodong , Evensen Geir , Bhakta Tuhin
Published: October 2020

In applications of ensemble-based history matching, it is common to conduct Kalman gain or covariance localization to mitigate spurious correlations and excessive variability reduction resulting from the use of relatively small ensembles. Another alternative strategy not very well explored in reservoir applications is to apply a local analysis scheme, which consists of defining a smaller group of local model variables and observed data (observations), and perform history matching within each group individually. This work aims to demonstrate the practical advantages of a new local analysis scheme over the Kalman gain localization in a 4D seismic history-matching problem that involves big seismic data sets. In the proposed local analysis scheme, we use a correlation-based adaptive data-selection strategy to choose observations for the update of each group of local model variables. Compared to the Kalman gain localization scheme, the proposed local analysis scheme has an improved capacity in handling big models and big data sets, especially in terms of computer memory required to store relevant matrices involved in ensemble-based history-matching algorithms. In addition, we show that despite the need for a higher computational cost to perform model update per iteration step, the proposed local analysis scheme makes the ensemble-based history-matching algorithm converge faster, rendering the same level of data mismatch values at a faster pace. Meanwhile, with the same numbers of iteration steps, the ensemble-based history-matching algorithm equipped with the proposed local analysis scheme tends to yield better qualities for the estimated reservoir models than that with a Kalman gain localization scheme. As such, the proposed adaptive local analysis scheme has the potential of facilitating wider applications of ensemble-based algorithms to practical large-scale history-matching problems.
Comparative Efficacy of Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists on Th2 Cell Function and Attenuation by Progesterone
Authors: Luchak Alexander , Solomon Lauren A , Kanagalingam Tharsan , Vijeyakumaran Meerah , Rowe Brian H , Cameron Lisa
Published: October 2020

Background: Corticosteroids (CS)s suppress cytokine production and induce apoptosis of inflammatory cells. Prednisone and dexamethasone are oral CSs prescribed for treating asthma exacerbations. While prednisone is more commonly prescribed, dexamethasone is long acting and a more potent glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist. It can be administered as a one or two dose regime, unlike the five to seven days required for prednisone, a feature that increases compliance. We compared the relative ability of these two oral CSs to suppress type 2 inflammation. Since progesterone has affinity for the GR and women are more likely to relapse following an asthma exacerbation, we assessed its influence on CS action.Results: Dexamethasone suppressed the level of IL-5 and IL-13 mRNA within Th2 cells with ~10-fold higher potency than prednisolone (the active form of prednisone). Dexamethasone induced a higher proportion of apoptotic and dying cells than prednisolone, at all concentrations examined. Addition of progesterone reduced the capacity of both CS to drive cell death, though dexamethasone maintained significantly more killing activity. Progesterone blunted dexamethasone-induction of FKBP5 mRNA, indicating that the mechanism of action was by interference of the CS:GR complex.Conclusions: Dexamethasone is both more potent and effective than prednisolone in suppressing type 2 cytokine levels and mediating apoptosis. Progesterone attenuated these anti-inflammatory effects, indicating its potential influence on CS responses in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest that when oral CS is required, dexamethasone may be better able to control type 2 inflammation, eliminate Th2 cells and ultimately lead to improved long-term outcomes. Further research in asthmatics is needed.
Public awareness and knowledge of factors associated with dementia in China
Authors: Zheng Yong-bo , Shi Le , Gong Yi-Miao , Wang Xiao-Xiao , Lu Qing-Dong , Que Jian-Yu , Khan Muhammad Zahid , Bao Yan-Ping , Lu Lin
Published: October 2020

Background: Dementia is a global public health priority. Many modifiable factors have been shown to influence the development of dementia, but these factors are not adequately known by the general public. This study aimed to assess public awareness of the factors that are associated with dementia in China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to October 2019 using an Internet-based questionnaire. Data on basic sociodemographic characteristics were collected, and the knowledge of risk and protective factors for dementia was investigated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare levels of the knowledge of factors associated with dementia across populations with different demographic characteristics.Results: Data from 3,338 respondents were analyzed. The percentages of participants who accurately identified the risk factors of dementia were follows: 84.24% for negative affect, 65.07% for alcohol use, 56.68% for smoking, 48.74% for hypertension, and 42.66% for diabetes. The percentages of participants who accurately identified the protective factors for dementia were follows: 90.00% for exercise, 84.69% for social activity, 80.92% for intelligence games, 74.45% for reading, and 6.14% for antihypertensive or hypolipidemic drugs. The majority of Chinese people correctly recognized the role of lifestyle factors in the development of dementia but not medical factors. The levels of knowledge of the factors associated with dementia were significantly distinct across populations with different characteristics. The following sociodemographic characteristics were associated with more comprehensive knowledge of dementia risk and protective factors: women, young age, high education levels, nonmanual jobs, and contact with patients with dementia.Conclusions: Public awareness and knowledge of risk and protective factors for dementia in China are still insufficient. More efforts are needed to publicize information to reduce the risk of dementia.
Socio-economic drivers of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Cannon Lesley-Ann Lynnath , Oladimeji Kelechi Elizabeth , Goon Daniel Ter
Published: October 2020

Background Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a public health concern due to the high morbidity and mortality rates from the disease. The DR-TB is a multifaceted illness with expensive treatment regimens, toxic medications and most often the long duration of treatment constitutes a substantial financial burden on both infected patients and the health system. Despite significant research advances in the diagnosis and treatment, there is a paucity of synthesized evidence on how socio-economic factors are associated with DR-TB. This review aims to address this gap by synthesizing available evidence and data on the common socio-economic drivers of DR-TB infection in Africa.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on PUBMED and Google Scholar databases from January 2011 to January 2020 using Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review approach. An updated search was conducted on 21 September 2020. The eligibility criteria only included systematic reviews and studies with quantitative research methods (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort and randomized-control trials). Studies conducted in Africa and focusing on socio-economic factors influencing DR-TB burden in African countries were also considered. Data was extracted from all the studies that met the eligibility criteria based on the study’s objectives. ResultsOut of the 154 articles that were retrieved for review, 20 abstracts of these articles met all the eligibility criteria. Of the 20 articles, 17 quantitative and 3 reviews. 2 additional articles were found eligible, following the updated search. The following themes were identified as major findings: Social and economic drivers associated with DR-TB. Substance abuse of which, stigma and discrimination were the prominent social drivers. Economic drivers included poverty, financial constraints because of job loss, loss of productive time during hospital admission and treatment costs. ConclusionThis review has highlighted which socio-economic factors contribute to DR- TB This is relevant to assist DR-TB management program and TB stakeholders in different settings to address identified socio-economic gaps and to reduce its negative impact on the programmatic management of DR TB. Therefore, redirecting strategies with more focus on socio-economic empowerment of DR-TB patients could be one of the innovative solutions to reduce the spread and eliminate DR-TB in Africa.
Early childhood infections, antistreptococcal and basal ganglia antibodies in adult ADHD: A preliminary study
Authors: Oliva Francesco , Girolamo Giulia di , Malandrone Francesca , Iaia Noemi , Biasi Fiorella , Maina Giuseppe
Published: October 2020

Background: To explore the relationship between adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), antistreptococcal titers, ABGA, and recurrent infections during early childhood.Method: Childhood history of recurrent infections and a blood sample were collected in a sample of DSM-IV adult outpatients with ADHD. The anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B), and anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) titers were determined in patient plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Titers positivity was evaluated following manufacturer's specifications. Absolute titers were also collected as continuous variables.Results: Fourteen out of 22 (63.6%) have had recurrent infections in childhood (i.e., seven, 31.8%, have had tonsillitis or adenoiditis and seven, 31.8%, have had any other infections). Eighteen patients (81.9%) were positive for anti-DNase B, five (22.7%) for ASO, and 4 (18.2%) were positive for both of them. Five participants (22.7%) were ABGA positive, whereas only two (9.1%) were positive for all three antibodies.Conclusions: Patients with ADHD might be more prone to infections during childhood and subclinical streptococcal infections during adulthood, moreover they seem to have an increased risk for basal ganglia autoimmunity in adulthood. Both infections and ensuing acquired autoimmunity could influence the neurodevelopmental process, by contributing, at least in part, to the ADHD pathogenesis.
Triple therapy combined with ventriculoperitoneal shunts can improve neurological function and shorten hospitalization time in non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis patients with increased intracranial pressure
Authors: Li Min , Liu Jia , Deng Xuhui , Gan Qingzhou , Wang Yijie , Xu Xiaofeng , Jiang Ying , Peng Fuhua
Published: October 2020

Background: Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and insufficient antifungal regimens are the two main factors result to unsatisfactory outcomes in non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis (CM) patients. In this study, we try to discuss that whether triple therapy of amphotericin B (AmB), fluconazole, 5-flucytosine (5-FC) plus ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) is superior to AmB, 5-FC, fluconazole plus intermittent lumbar puncture in induction therapy in non-HIV CM patients with increased ICP. Methods: We reviewed 66 clinical records from non-HIV CM patients with increased ICP. The demographic and clinical characteristics, BMRC staging, cerebrospinal ﬂuid proﬁles (CSF), brain magnetic resonance imaging, treatment, and outcomes of these individuals were retrospectively analyzed. All non-HIV CM patients with increased ICP (≥ 25 cmH2O) were divided into two groups, including 27 patients treated with triple antifungal agents and 39 patients treated with the same triple therapy plus VPS. Results: Triple therapy plus VPS group had more satisfactory outcomes, more CSF sterilization at 10 weeks follow-up, lower CSF opening pressure, lower BMRC staging scores one week after VPS, less CSF C. neoformans counts and CSF culture positive. Besides, these patients had shorter hospital stay than triple therapy group. Conclusions: Triple antifungal agents combined with VPS could effectively reduce ICP, had faster rate of clearance of C. neoformans counts, more improved neurological function, shorten hospitalization time and better outcomes in non-HIV CM patients with increased ICP. Our study indicated that triple therapy plus early VPS may be an optimal treatment for non-HIV CM patients with increased ICP.
Measurement of salivary testosterone in adolescents and young men with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Sahun Yolanda Alins , Cheetham Tim D , Boot Christopher , Straub Volker , Wood Claire L
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMany young adults with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) receive long-term glucocorticoids (GC). GC can cause hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and adolescents may therefore be candidates for pubertal induction. It is unclear whether men with DMD on or off GC have age-appropriate endogenous testosterone production.MethodsWe undertook a quality improvement project to assess the feasibility of measuring salivary testosterone (SalT) levels in men with DMD at home. A Sal-T sampling kit was sent by post to all patients with DMD, aged 17 and older, registered at the John Walton Muscular Centre in Newcastle (n=75). Submitted Sal-T samples were collected and submitted for analysis. Results28 out of 75 patients returned samples (age range: 17-34 years). 6/28 samples were unsuitable for analysis. Overall Sal-T levels (n=22) were significantly lower than in the healthy population (178 ±107 v 287 ±109 pmol/l, p=0.0001). Sal-T was lower in those on GC compared to those off GC (144± 81 versus 218 ±125 pmol/l, p=0.05). 3 patients were unable to collect a sample due to ventilator dependence.ConclusionSal T can provide information about androgen status in DMD patients at home, overcoming barriers such as mobility difficulties and challenging venepuncture. However we only obtained samples in a minority of patients suggesting that Sal-T measurement may not be appropriate or acceptable to everyone. There needs to be a more detailed exploration of the barriers to sample submission.
Primarily Treated Patients versus Referred Patients in the Treatment of Native Septic Arthritis of Digits: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Kwak Sang Ho , Bae Jung Yun , Oh Youngkwang , Jang Hyo Seok , Ahn Tae Young , Lee Sang Hyun
Published: October 2020

BackgroundSeptic arthritis of digits needs urgent treatment. When treatments delayed or insufficient, patients may be referred to the upper-level hospital due to uncontrolled infection. We reviewed the treatment history of referred patients and compared the microorganisms and the clinical course of both primary and referred patients as relevant studies are rare.MethodsIn this retrospective review of consecutive case series, 45 patients (primary, n=11; referred, n=34) were treated with multiple irrigation and debridement. Cefazolin was used as empiric antibiotics, then changed according to microbiologic study. Previously used antibiotics, treatment delay, surgical history of the referred patients were reviewed. Identified microorganisms, required surgical intervention, hospital stay, radiologic outcome, functional outcomes were compared between both groups. ResultsIn the referred patients, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was commonly found and cefazolin was susceptible in only 15% of the cases. Longer hospital stay, prolonged antibiotic therapy, more surgical intervention including flap surgery was required to treat the referred patients. Postoperative pain was not severe in daily activities, but the final range of motion was significantly less in the referred patients compared to the primary patients.ConclusionsThis study suggests that in the treatment of uncontrolled septic arthritis of the digits, antibiotic agents covering MRSA may shorten the duration of antibiotic therapy in areas of high MRSA incidence. Besides, more number of I & D including flap surgery may be required for the referred patients compared with the primary patients. These findings can help the surgeon in setting up a treatment plan or in counseling of referred patients with uncontrolled septic arthritis of the digits.
Effect of a telemedicine intervention for diabetes-related foot ulcers on health, well-being and quality of life: Secondary outcomes from a cluster randomized controlled trial (DiaFOTo)
Authors: Iversen Marjolein Memelink , Igland Jannicke , Smith-Strøm Hilde , Østbye Truls , Tell Grethe Seppola , Skeie Svein , Cooper John G. , Peyrot Mark , Graue Marit
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND Follow-up care provided via telemedicine (TM) is intended to be a more integrated care pathway to manage diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFU) than traditionally-delivered healthcare. However, knowledge of the effect of TM follow-up on PROMs including self-reported health, well-being and QOL in patients with DFUs is lacking and often neglected in RCT reports in general. Therefore, in this study of secondary outcomes from the DiaFOTo trial, the aim was to compare changes in self-reported health, well-being and QOL between patients with DFUs receiving telemedicine follow-up care in primary healthcare in collaboration with specialist healthcare, and patients receiving standard outpatient care. METHODS The current study reports secondary endpoints from a cluster randomized controlled trial whose primary endpoint was ulcer healing time. The trial included 182 adults with diabetes-related foot ulcers (94/88 in the telemedicine/standard care groups) in 42 municipalities/districts, recruited from three clinical sites in Western Norway. Mean (SD) diabetes duration for the study population was 20.8 (15.0). The intervention group received care in the community in collaboration with specialist healthcare using an asynchronous telemedicine intervention. The intervention included an interactive web-based ulcer record and a mobile phone enabling counseling and communication between the community nurses and specialist healthcare; the control group received standard outpatient care. In total 156 participants (78/78) reported on secondary endpoints: self-reported health, well-being and quality of life evaluated by generic and disease-specific patient-reported outcome measures (e.g. Euro-QOL, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID), Neuropathy and Foot Ulcer–Specific Quality of Life Instrument (NeuroQOL)). Linear mixed-effects regression was used to investigate possible differences in changes in the scores between the intervention and control group at the end of follow-up. RESULTS In intention to treat analyses, differences between treatment groups were small and non-significant for the health and well-being scale scores, as well as for diabetes-related distress and foot ulcer-specific quality of life. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in changes in scores for the patient reported outcomes between the intervention and control group, indicating that the intervention did not affect the participants’ health, well-being and quality of life. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01710774. Registered October 19th, 2012https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01710774?term=iversen+marjolein&draw=2&rank=1
Is it Just About Physical Health? An Online Cross-Sectional Study Exploring the Psychological Distress Among University Students in Jordan in the midst of COVID-19 Pandemic 
Authors: Al-Tammemi Ala'a B. , Akour Amal , Alfalah Laith
Published: October 2020

Background Since the spread of COVID-19 on a global scale, most of efforts at national and international levels were directed to mitigate the spread of the disease and its physical harm , paying less attention to the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on global mental health especially at early stages of the pandemic. Objectives This study aimed to assess and explore (i) The levels of psychological distress and its correlates (ii) Motivation for distance learning (iii) Coping activities and pandemic related concerns, among university students in Jordan in the midst of COVID-19 pandemicMethods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire. The measure of psychological distress was obtained using the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, while other questions have explored our study’s second and third aims.Results A total of 381 completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. Female participants slightly predominated the sample (n=199, 52.2%). The respondents aged 18-38 years (mean 22.6 years, SD: 3.16). Concerning distress severity, most of respondents were regarded as having severe psychological distress (n=265, 69.5%). 209 students (54.9%) reported that they had no motivation for distance learning. Ordinal logistic regression revealed a significant correlation between distress severity and many predictors. Among the predictors that were found to act as a protective factors against higher levels of distress included older age (aOR=0.64, P=0.022; 95% CI: 0.44 - 0.94) , and having a strong motivation for distance learning (aOR=0.10, P=0.048 ; 95% CI: 0.01 - 0.96).In contrary, being a current smoker (aOR=1.99, P=0.049 ; 95% CI: 1.10 - 3.39), and having no motivation for distance learning (aOR=2.49, P=0.007; 95% CI: 1.29 - 4.80) acted as risk factors for having higher levels of psychological distress among the students .The most common coping activity reported was spending more time on social media platforms (n=269, 70.6%), and 209 students (54.9%) reported distance learning was their most distressing concern.Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures could impact the mental health of individuals, including students. We recommend a nationwide psychological support program to be incorporated into Jordan’s preparedness plan and response strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Enzyme additives influence bacterial communities of Medicago sativa silage as determined by Illumina sequencing
Authors: hu Zongfu , Ma Deying , Niu Huaxin , Chang Jie , Yu Jianhua , Tong Qing , Li Shuguo
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enzymes (cellulase combined with galactosidase), and the combination of these enzymes with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on bacterial diversity using high-throughput sequencing. Alfalfa forages were treated with or without cellulase + ɑ-galactosidase (CEGA), cellulase + LP (CELP), or ɑ-galactosidase + LP (GALP). After 56 days of ensiling, all the treated silages exhibited improved fermentation quality, as reflected by decreased pH, ammonium-N and increased lactic acid levels compared to the control silage. Enzymatic treatment improved nutrient value by increasing the level of crude protein and decreasing the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) level. Treatment of the silage significantly changed the bacterial community, as determined by the PCoA test. LAB dominated the bacterial community of the treated silage after ensiling. The dominant bacteria from Garciella, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in the control silage changed to Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in the CEGA silage, and Lactobacillus in the CELP and GALP silages. Collectively, enzymes and enzymes in combination with inoculants both greatly increased the abundance of LAB, with Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in the silage with enzymes only (CEGA) and Lactobacillus in the silage with a combination of enzymes and inoculants (CELP and GALP).
Consumption of meals prepared away from home is related to the inadequacy of dietary fibre and minerals intake among Japanese adults aged 18-64 years: analysis from the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Matsumoto Mai , Saito Aki , Okada Chika , Okada Emiko , Tajima Ryoko , Takimoto Hidemi
Published: October 2020

Background: Consumption of home-prepared meals may lead to better nutritional intake. Few studies have examined the association between the frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home and the adequacy of nutritional intake based on nutritional standards. We therefore aimed to investigate this issue among Japanese adults.Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, involving 921 men and 1300 women aged 18–64 years, conducted as a cross-sectional survey. The frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was defined using two questions inquiring about the frequency of eating out and take-away meals. Data on dietary intake were collected using a one-day semi-weighed household dietary record. The inadequacy of each nutrient intake was assessed by comparing estimated average requirement (EAR) level for 14 nutrients and the range of the dietary goal (DG) for seven nutrients according to the 2015 version of the Dietary Reference Intake for Japanese. Participants were stratified into three groups based on the frequency of consumption of home-prepared meals. Group differences in nutrients inadequacy were assessed using the covariate and logistic regression analysis, respectively.Results: The proportion of participants who consumed home-prepared meals almost every day were 34.9% among men and 46.8% among women, and the proportion of those rarely consuming were 14.7% and 6.3%, respectively.A higher frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with lower intake and adequacy of dietary fiber and minerals (iron, calcium, potassium etc.), and with lower intake of vegetables and lower intake of oils.Conclusions: High frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with insufficient intake of dietary fiber and multiple mineral intakes among Japanese adults. Dietary fiber and mineral intake may be the potential target of interventions aimed at improving nutrient intake in individuals who predominantly eat food prepared away from home.
Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review
Authors: Raybould Jodie , Larkin Michael , Tunney Richard
Published: October 2020

Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and play frequency. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article.Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.Results: A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.