bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic-financial analysis of the use of biscuit bran as an energy alternative in diets for confined lambs
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Silva Luiza de Nazaré Carneiro , Landim Aline Vieira ,   Universidade Estadual Vale do Acarajú, Costa Hélio Henrique Araújo ,   Universidade Estadual Vale do Acarajú, Vega Wilder Hernando Ortiz ,   Universidade Estadual Vale do Acarajú, Costa Clésio Santos ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Araújo Ricardo Alves ,   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Alencar Renata Teixeira ,   Universidade Estadual Vale do Acarajú, Sousa Luiz Carlos Oliveira de ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic and financial viability of replacing corn with biscuit bran (BB) in diets for Morada Nova lambs in feedlot. Twenty lambs confined with initial body weight of 17.00 ± 3.74 kg were used, arranged in four treatments, diet without biscuit bran (BB) and diets containing 15, 30 or 45% of biscuit bran in place of corn in the diet. Data, expenses and revenues of the activity were obtained during the period of January 2020 in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará. The economic and financial evaluation was carried out descriptively, using Excel® spreadsheets. In the scenarios evaluated, feeding, animal acquisition and labor costs were the items that most contributed to production costs. The highest food costs were observed in the system that used 15% of BB, representing about 32.86% of the total costs. The simulation for sheep production provided revenue higher than the production costs in all diets tested, resulting in positive economic indicators. On the other hand, although the system that uses diet without biscuit bran provides positive revenue, net income was the lowest (R$ 12,117.15 year-1). It was observed that all scenarios had a leveling point higher than 5,000 kg of meat year-1. The total productivity of the factors of all treatments evaluated was higher than 1, which indicates that the activity is stable, presenting high internal rates of return. Similarly, profitability rates are attractive, especially for diets containing BB, where the net present value is higher (R$ 362,143.26). Sensitivity analyses showed that even in the most unfavorable situations, such as a 30% reduction in production and market price, indicators are economically viable. The use of BB does not compromise the economic viability of the diet compared to the diet without BB, they present higher profitability, especially at the level of 15% in the diet.
Use of babassu cake and pineapple byproduct silage in the diets of feedlot sheep
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Santos Neta Ernestina Ribeiro , Gomes Daiany Iris ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Oliveira Luis Rennan Sampaio ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Mezzomo Rafael ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Luz Janaina Barros ,   Prefeitura Municipal de Parauapebas, Bentes Glenda Neves ,   Autônoma, Oliveira Williâne Ferreira ,   Autônoma, Alves Kaliandra Souza ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia
Published: April 2021

This study evaluated the use of babassu cake as a replacement for soybean meal and pineapple byproduct silage as roughage in the diets of feedlot sheep. Ten rumen-fistulated sheep were used and distributed in an experimental design consisting of two 5 x 5 Latin squares. Babassu cake replaced soybean meal at four concentration levels (0, 26.66, 53.33, and 80%), and pineapple byproduct silage was used as roughage. A treatment was also evaluated in which elephant grass silage was used as roughage and corn and soybean meal were used as the concentrate. No effect of babassu cake as a replacement for soybean meal on dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber, or crude protein was observed. Higher babassu cake replacement levels in the diets resulted in linear reductions in the digestibility of the dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter, nonfiber carbohydrates and total carbohydrates. For the digestibility of the crude protein, no effect was observed after the addition of babassu cake. The replacement levels of the babassu cake had no effect on the intake and retention of the daily nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and ruminal pH. Babassu cake could replace soybean meal at concentrations of up to 80% when the roughage source was pineapple byproduct silage. Compared with elephant grass silage, pineapple byproduct silage improves nutrient intake and digestibility and nitrogen intake, retention, and absorption without compromising the ruminal pH or ammonia nitrogen of feedlot sheep.
Body condition score at lambing and performance of Santa Inês ewes with an offspring during lactation
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Ribeiro Edson Luis de Azambuja , Castro Filipe Alexandre Boscaro de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Bumbieris Junior Valter Harry ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Prado-Calixto Odimári Pricila ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Silva Leandro das Dores Ferreira da ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Pena Amanda Freitas ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, González-García Eliel ,   Systèmes d'Elevage Méditerranées et Tropicaux
Published: April 2021

The main objective of this research work was to evaluate the performance of Santa Inês ewes according to their body condition score (BCS) at lambing. Data from 135 adult ewes, with singletons, were used. Ewes were divided into three distinct groups: 1) Bellow average: BCS less than 2.5 points (n = 44); 2) Average: BCS between 2.5 and 3.0 (n = 53); and 3) Above average: BCS greater than 3.0 (n = 38). The scale for BCS varied from 1 (very poor) to 5 (very fat). The individual BW, BCS, metabolic profile, milk production and composition of ewes as well as their lambs’ performance until weaning were considered. Metabolic profile was monitored at -7, +7 and +60 days relative to lambing. It was observed that ewes with higher BCS were also heavier; however, there were no differences among the groups for weights of lambs at birth and weaning (70 days). As there was no difference in milk production and composition, the average daily weight gain of the lambs was also similar for the different BCS groups. The metabolic profile (glucose, ?-hydroxibutyrate, cholesterol, creatinine, urea, hemoglobin, albumin, total protein and aspartate aminotransferase - AST) was also similar among the groups. However, when the metabolic profile was compared among the different physiological stages relative to lambing, some differences were observed. For example, ?-hydroxibutyrate was greater during the peripartum period, and glucose was greater in the lactation phase. As conclusion we could say that even in a situation of poor BCS, Santa Inês ewes have the physiological capacity to adapt themselves to the negative energy balance like those of the periparturient period. It seems that irrespective of the BCS, ewes prioritized lactation and were able to produce enough milk to accordingly nurse their lambs
Yield and nutritive value of mechanically processed corn silage from an integrated crop-livestock system
Authors:   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Oliveira Maria Helena de , Costa Ciniro ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Pariz Cristiano Magalhães ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Meirelles Paulo Roberto de Lima ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Andreotti Marcelo ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Engenharia Rural e Solos, Castilhos André Michel de ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Souza Daniel Martins de ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Ulian Nelson de Araújo ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and nutritional value of silage made from corn intercropped with marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) in an integrated crop-livestock system. The corn was harvested at different maturity stages and cutting heights and was processed or not before ensiling. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications in a 2x2x2+1 factorial scheme. The treatments were composed of silage corn intercropped with marandu palisadegrass harvested at two cutting heights (20 or 45 cm) and two stages of maturity (1/4 of the kernel milk line or kernel physiological maturity) and subjected to two methods of processing (crushing or not crushing). A control treatment composed of conventionally grown corn silage was also included. The total dry matter yields of both crops did not differ significantly among treatments, demonstrating the viability of the intercropping system for both forage species. Although the dry matter content of the corn plants was higher at the time of ensiling, the fermentative and nutritive quality of the silages was not affected. Increasing the cutting height increased the grain content of the forage mass and also avoided harming the development of the intercropped grass. The silages from the physiological maturity treatment and from the processed treatment had the best quality.
Production and quality of corn silage with forage and pigeon peas in a crop-livestock system
Authors:   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Gomes Vinicius Carreteiro , Meirelles Paulo Roberto de Lima ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Costa Ciniro ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Barros Juliana da Silva ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Castilhos André Michel de ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Souza Daniel Martins de ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Tardivo Renata ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Pariz Cristiano Magalhães ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate maize in consortium with forage in a crop-livestock system for silage production, with subsequent formation of pasture. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks, with four replications, two types of corn cultivation, intercropped with two Brachiaria species (marandu grass and convert grass), and with and without intercropping with the pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) BRS Mandarin. Dry matter productivity, the morphological composition of the corn, the botanical composition of the Brachiaria and pigeon peas, and the bromatological composition of the silage and Brachiaria were evaluated, as well as the losses caused by effluents. The consortia did not interfere with the productivity of corn for silage, and the silage from the consortium with pigeon peas exhibited a higher concentration of crude protein, demonstrating that the modality of the integrated agricultural production system of corn culture with Brachiaria and pigeon peas is an alternative to increase the protein content of the ensiled material and provide greater diversity of the remaining forage.
Ozonation of quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): saturation and decomposition kinetics of ozone and physiological quality of seeds
Authors:   Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Alencar Ernandes Rodrigues de , Jojoa Wilson Anchico ,   Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Silva Karine Noronha ,   Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Souza Nara Oliveira Silva ,   Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília
Published: April 2021

Ozonation has been evaluated as an alternative method for seed treatment. In this context, the goal of this study was to evaluate the saturation process and kinetics of decomposition of ozone in a porous medium composed of quinoa BRS Syetetuba and possible changes in seed quality. Ozone concentration and saturation time in the porous medium and half-life were determined by adopting an inlet ozone concentration of 885 ppm and a flow rate of 5.0 L min-1 at 25 °C. The ozonation periods adopted were 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Regarding the physiological quality of the seeds, the germination percentage, germination speed index, electrical conductivity, and length of the shoot, root, and normal seedlings were analyzed. At the inlet ozone concentration of 885 ppm and a flow rate of 5.0 L min-1, the saturation concentration and saturation time in the porous medium composed of quinoa were 522.5 ppm and 12.0 min, respectively. The half-life of ozone in the porous medium was 6.08 min at 25 °C. Under these conditions, ozonation did not affect the physiological quality of quinoa BRS Syetetuba seeds for up to 120 min.
Post-harvest physiology of pitaya at different ripening stages
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Martineli Maristella , Castricini Ariane ,   Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Maia Victor Martins ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Maranhão Camila Maida de Albuquerque ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros
Published: April 2021

Red-fleshed pitaya is an attractive fruit not due only to the color of its flesh and skin, but also the scaly shape of its skin. In addition to being a source of vitamins and minerals, it has high commercial value and represents an alternative for cultivation in semiarid regions. Information about the post-harvest physiology of pitaya, which interferes with its ripening, allows the adoption of preservation and quality-maintenance practices. This study examines the respiratory activity and post harvest alterations of pitaya picked in the commercially immature stage of ripeness, by comparing them with fruits picked fully ripe. Physical and chemical aspects of the fruits were evaluated in two harvests, in 2019 and 2020. Six days after harvest, there was an increase in respiratory activity and a change in color in both ripe and commercially immature fruits. Therefore, pitayas picked commercially immature in both harvests had an increase in respiratory activity post-harvest, with a change in skin color during storage; and six days after harvest, in the 2019 harvest, the fruits resembled those that ripened on the plant, without having their quality compromised. However, in the 2020 harvest, six days after harvest, the fruits picked fully ripe showed soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, betacyanins and ascorbic acid contents similar to those measured in the commercially immature fruits.
Preconsolidation stress of gibbsitic and kaolinitic Oxisols under a multipractice conservationist coffee system
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Carducci Carla Eloize , Oliveira Geraldo César de ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Zeviani Walmes Marques ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Laureano Henrique Aparecido ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Barbosa Samara Martins ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Severiano Eduardo da Costa ,   Instituto Federal Goiano, Curi Nilton ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras
Published: April 2021

Our goal was to analyze the impact of a multipractice soil conservationist system on coffee production in tropical soils (LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO caulinítico/kaolinitic Haplustox and LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-gibbsítico/gibbsitic Acrustox) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. In the experimental area, the soil management involved a set of multiple conservationist practices during cultivation for more than 3.5 yrs. Soil samples were collected at 0-5, 10-15, and 20-25 cm depths at two positions: planting rows and between rows. The soil physical and mechanical properties were determined, with a focus mainly on the preconsolidation stress model (preconsolidation stress versus matric tension). For the purpose of analysis, a split-split plot experimental design was implemented. A linear mixed regression model (LMR) was fitted, and Wald’s test was performed (P < 0.05). An improvement of soil physical quality for both Oxisols was observed at the planting row position. The effects of multipractice soil management after 3.5 yrs of cultivation in association with increased gibbsite content could promote new soil structure organization, as revealed by LMR, resulting in more resilient soils (between rows) and increasing the resistance to external pressures on gibbsitic Acrustox. Overall, the findings herein are in concordance with global trends towards conservationist practices that may alleviate soil compaction in agricultural systems to maintain environmental sustainability.
Sodium content in meat products: suitability to labeling and the voluntary agreements
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Pampa, Furlan Valcenir Júnior Mendes , Mello Kauan Trindade ,   Universidade Federal do Pampa, Ugalde Fábio Zacouteguy ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Cunha João Pedro da Silva ,   Universidade Federal do Pampa, Pires Rafaela Garay ,   Universidade Federal do Pampa, Centenaro Graciela Salete ,   Universidade Federal do Pampa
Published: April 2021

This study was undertaken to evaluate the sodium concentration in meat products, to ascertain their appropriateness for labels and agreements set up between the Health Ministry and the Brazilian Association of Food Industries. A total of 96 meat derivative samples (italian salami, chicken pate, cooked ham, ham, sausage, bologna, tuscan sausage and smoked mixed sausage) were collected from different brands and batches. Using flame emission spectroscopy, the samples were analyzed for sodium levels based on the official methodology. It was observed that 46.9% of the companies showed values in nutritional labeling to be noncompliant with the Brazilian legislation. In fact, 31.2% of the brands assessed failed to satisfy the sodium reduction target decided upon for 2017. The italian salami was the product with the higher sodium content present a average value among the brands of 1716.11 mg 100 g-1. It became evident that merely implementing voluntary agreements had failed to provide total adequacy in the sodium content of the meat products. There is also great need for the industries to be more engaged in finding substitutes to minimize the sodium levels in the foods, without inducing significant alterations in the physicochemical, microbiological and technological features of the products, apart from the higher inspection by the government agencies in terms of agreement compliance and population awareness.
Sheep urinary tract architecture is not affected by acute urethral obstruction
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Maciel Thiago Arcoverde , Oliveira Clédson Calixto de ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Firmino Millena de Oliveira ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Nascimento-Hama Lismara Castro do ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Mathias Luis Antonio ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Artoni Silvana Martinez Baraldi ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Oliveira Daniela ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Amoroso Lizandra ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
Published: April 2021

Urolithiasis affects the urinary tract of small ruminants, thereby requiring the animal to prematurely terminate breeding. Morphometric study of organs can be used as a diagnostic method. Thus, this study aimed to describe the macroscopic, histopathological, and histomorphometric changes in the urinary tract of sheep with urolithiasis. For this purpose, 14 healthy male Santa Inês sheep, approximately 90 days old, were studied and fed an experimental diet. After the development of urolithiasis, the animals were reorganized into two groups, D1 (without urolithiasis) and D2 (with urolithiasis) for comparative data analysis. Sheep were necropsied to evaluate the pathological changes, followed by macroscopic morphometric analysis, and the histopathological and histomorphometric characteristics were described. Urethral necrosis and a full urinary bladder were observed in all animals that developed the disease. The comparison between sheep with and without urolithiasis showed no significant difference (P < 0.05) in the evaluated macroscopic morphometric variables, except for the right ureter width. Regarding the histopathological evaluation, multifocal areas of mild to moderate congestion within the glomerular tufts and protein in the tubular lumen of the kidneys were observed. In the liver, mild to moderate fatty degeneration was noted in the centrolobular regions, and an ulcerated focal area in the bladder mucosa was observed in only one animal. The present study demonstrated that the formulated diet was effective in inducing clinical disease. In acute obstructive urolithiasis in sheep tissue, lesions in the liver and urinary tract were observed, although there were no significant histomorphometric changes.
Main causes of chicken carcass condemnations in Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Candido Matheus Joaquim dos Santos , Zanini Surama Freitas ,   Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Ferreira Marcus de Freitas ,   Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Araujo Filipe Augusto Coimbra de ,   Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Teixeira Alan Paulo Moreira ,   Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Cipriano Raoni Cezana ,   Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal, Moulim Maria Augusta Pires da Luz Chieppe ,   Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Published: April 2021

Brazil is the third largest producer and the main exporter of chicken meat in the world. In 2019, it produced approximately 13.245 million tons of the product, generating more than six million dollars. According to the Poultry Association of the state of Espírito Santo, broiler production is carried out by 28 independent producers/companies, three integrator businesses, 42 integrated producers and seven slaughterhouses (structures with SIF, SIE/SISBI or SIE certification). Despite the growth of this sector, problems persist regarding the quality of carcasses and the number of condemnations. From the sanitary and industrial point of view, all products of animal origin must undergo prior inspection. The present study was developed using data generated by the Federal Inspection Service (Serviço de Inspeção Federal, SIF) and the State Inspection Service (Serviço de Inspeção Estadual, SIE). The main causes of condemnation of birds as inspected by SIF represented 9.26% of the slaughtered birds. Total condemnations corresponded to 1.35%. Overall, this study recorded a greater number of condemnations of non-pathological origin. In conclusion, there was consistency in the reasons why these products were condemned. Bruises/fractures and contamination were the most frequent causes according to both inspection services (SIF and SIE), indicating a common problem on the slaughter and inspection lines.
Synchronization with estradiol benzoate in the presence of the corpus luteum in Wagyu cows increases the number of medium follicles but does not interfere with in vitro production of embryos
Authors:   Universidade Unicesumar, Zamai Maria Fernanda , Cavalieri Fábio Luiz Bim ,   Universidade Unicesumar, Andreazzi Marcia Aparecida ,   Universidade Unicesumar, Morotti Fabio ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Seneda Marcelo Marcondes ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Santos José Maurício Gonçalves dos ,   Universidade Unicesumar, Moreski Danieli Aparecida Bobbo ,   Universidade Unicesumar, Colombo Antonio Hugo Bezerra ,   Universidade Unicesumar
Published: April 2021

Reproductive biotechnologies are emerging as an important element for livestock; however, some strategies must be modified to adapt to different breeding systems, such as the use of follicular synchronization protocols. This study aimed to evaluate follicular synchronization using estradiol benzoate (EB), in the presence of the corpus luteum (CL) from Wagyu oocyte donors in in vitro embryo production (IVEP). Rounds of IVEP were performed in heifers and cows (n=19) that were classified into three groups: G1/CL - animals with CL, G2/WCL - animals without CL, and G3/CL + EB - animals with CL that were subjected to follicular synchronization with EB at D0. The groups G1/CL and G2/WCL were considered the control and undertook the natural process of follicular dynamics. The results showed that the synchronization of the follicular wave with the application of EB in the presence of CL, presented a smaller number of small (6.05 ± 0.55) and large follicles (0.45 ± 0.15), but increased (P < 0.05) the number of medium-sized follicles (16.20 ± 0.90). However, the results of ovum pick up showed that regardless of whether or not EB was applied, and regardless of the presence or absence of CL in the Wagyu donor, there was no difference among the groups (P > 0.05) concerning the number of viable oocytes and the viability rate. It was concluded that follicular synchronization using EB in Wagyu oocyte donors that presented a CL, increased the number of medium-sized follicles. However, there was no improvement in the efficiency of ovum pick up, in vitro embryo production, and pregnancy rate.
Viability of Brazilian distillers dried grains with solubles for pigs
Authors: Corassa Anderson , Lautert Iziz Paula Anhon Silva , Ton Ana Paula Silva , Kiefer Charles , Brito Cláudson Oliveira , Sbardella Maicon , Souza Henrique Campos
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass, meat and economic viability characteristics of pigs fed Brazilian coproducts of corn ethanol production. A total of 40 finishing pigs were subjected to four levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 0, 100, 200, or 300 g kg-1) for 28 days, and body weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion were measured. After slaughter, the carcass yield, fat thickness, loin eye area, the depth and perimeter of the loin eye, and the pH and temperature at 45 min and 24 h post-mortem, along with the drip loss and color of the Longissimus lumborum were evaluated. The economic viability of the diets was calculated. The inclusion of DDGS showed a quadratic effect on daily feed intake over 0-14 days. Pigs fed with 300 g kg-1 of DDGS showed worse feed conversion than those fed the control diet over 0-7, 0-14 and 0-21 days. The a* color parameter of the meat decreased linearly with increasing DDGS concentration but the other carcass and meat characteristics were not affected. Inclusion of 184.1 g kg-1 of DDGS showed the best economic viability, considering the cost of weight gain. DDGS may be included in pig diets up to 200 g kg-1 without affecting the performance or carcass and meat characteristics, while 300 g kg-1 compromises feed conversion.
Potassium nitrate to overcome dormancy of Urochloa humidicola Comum seeds
Authors:   Usina Vale do Paraná S/A - Álcool e Açúcar, Pereira Thaís Soares , Jeromini Tatiane Sanches ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Neves Breno Rosa ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Barros Renato Téo de ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Martins Cibele Chalita ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias
Published: April 2021

The main difficulty with propagating Urochloa humidicola Comum is the high percentage of seed dormancy. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a treatment to overcome seed dormancy and promote seed germination of this species that can be applied at a large scale. This study was conducted in two stages. First, the following treatments were evaluated using one seed lot: control (without treatment), immersion in H2SO4 (98%, 36N) for 10 min, moistening the germination substrate with KNO3 (0.2%) and immersion in KNO3 at concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% for periods of 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, followed by drying in the shade. In the second stage, three seed lots were evaluated in all of the aforementioned treatments, except for those of immersion in 0% KNO3 and of all concentrations for 36 and 48 h. The seeds were evaluated for water content, germination, percentage of abnormal seedlings, dead and dormant seeds, first count, and average germination time. Immersion in the KNO3 solution was efficient in overcoming dormancy and promoting germination. To be used by companies, the immersion of seeds in a 4% KNO3 solution for 24 h was the most suitable treatment to overcome dormancy and promote the germination of U. humidicola Comum seeds.
A note from the SBMAC
Authors: Bernardes M. , Ghidini Carla T. L. S. , Hoppen C. , Oliveira A. R. L. , Rodriguez P. M.
Published: April 2021

Trends in Computational and Applied Mathematics is a new journal published by the Brazilian Society for Computational and Applied Mathematics (SBMAC). SBMAC was established in 1978 as a scientific organization aimed at developing and promoting Computational and Applied Mathematics in Brazil. It is a leading environment for researchers, professionals and students working in Applied Mathematics and related fields. Currently, SBMAC has over 300 members and it organizes the largest scientific event in t his field in Latin America, the National Congress of Computational and Applied Mathematics (CNMAC), an annual congress that attracts around 700 attendees. Furthermore, SBMAC organizes regional events and co sponsors many other events in Brazil. In 1999, SBMAC created the journal Tendências em Matemática Aplicada e Computacional (TEMA), which was originally devoted to papers presented at CNMAC and to the dissemination of Applied Mathematics in Portuguese. With the publication of 21 volumes, the jornal has grown and has become a leading Brazilian journal in the field. In the past few years, the great increase in the number of submissions in English, by Brazilian and foreigner researchers alike, shows that TEMA has attracted an international audience and is recognized as an important publication in Computational and Applied Mathematics. The new journal, Trends in Computational and Applied Mathematics, marks the rebirth of TEMA as a truly international journal, yet one that preserves its history and the high profile that it has achieved. Our goals are to publish original research, theoretical developments and case studies on promising themes; to offer an interdisciplinary and reliable international forum; to provide an efficient peer review system, leading to a fast response time to the first decision. For forthcoming issues of TCAM, we invite researchers in Applied Mathematics and related fields to submit papers with innovative and/or relevant contributions to Computational and Applied Mathematics. We hope you enjoy reading the first issue of the new TCAM. We are looking forward to receiving your future contributions, as well as any comments and suggestions you may have. We will try our best to adjust to the expectations of our readership.
A Model for Aedes aegypti Infestation According to Meteorological Variables: case of Caratinga (Minas Gerais - Brazil)
Authors: Cordeiro F. S. , Eiras A. E. , Silva F. R. , Acebal J. L.
Published: April 2021

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the vector of diseases such as dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever among others. All the stages of development, eggs, larvae, pupa, and the adult of the species have its population modulated by meteorological variables, such as precipitation and temperature through affecting the productivity of breeding sites, metabolic processes, and others. Since adult females are responsible for transmitting the virus, the population of females becomes a direct indicator of the risk of infection. For this reason, some ongoing vector surveillance programs are based on adult female capture. In turn, all the stages of development have its population modulated by meteorological variables, such as precipitation and temperature, through productivity of breeding sites, metabolic processes and others. In this work, field data of capture of females was used to evaluate if a population dynamics model of Aedes aegypti under the effect of weather would be able to forecast field population. The nonlinear dynamic system model comprises: (1) four equations for the populations of the stages of development of the mosquito, designed for the ongoing surveillance program; (2) parametric dependencies of the rates of development on mean temperature and weekly accumulated precipitation. The dependencies on temperature and precipitation are modelled with aim of simplicity with the fewer number of parameters as possible. Temperature dependence is modelled based on values of the related literature under the assumption of existence of a optimum temperature for the rates, getting worse for extreme temperatures. The dependence on precipitation which is barely treated in experiments is modelled under the assumption of a monotonic dependence described by a power law with values estimated in orders of magnitude from data in the literature. By comparison with field data of an entomological indicator based on the number of Ae. aegypti females captured by a public health program in the city of Caratinga (Minas Gerais, Brazil), the model showed a significant correlation (R = 0.75). The result shows that the approach, if refined, can provide forecasting for of the population size.
On Generalized Pell Numbers of Order r ≥ 2
Authors: Pereira Spreafico E. V. , Rachidi M.
Published: April 2021

In this paper we investigate the generalized Pell numbers of order r ≥ 2 through the properties of their related fundamental system of generalized Pell numbers. That is, the generalized Pell number of order r ≥ 2; are expressed as a linear combination of a fundamental system of generalized Pell numbers. The properties of this fundamental system are examined and results can be established for generalized Pell numbers of order r ≥ 2. Some identities and combinatorial results are established. Moreover, the analytic study of the fundamental system of generalized Pell is provided. Furthermore, the generalized Pell Cassini identity type is provided.
Current State of Sex Estimation in Forensic Anthropology
Authors: Klales Alexandra
Published: April 2021

Sex estimation is perhaps the most important component of the biological profile. Our sex estimates aid in decedent identification by helping to narrow the missing persons list, and set the basis for many of the remaining biological profile estimates (age, ancestry, stature), which factor in sexual differences. A review of the current research and general literature reveals the use of a wide variety of methodological approaches to sex estimation, which are far from standardized. The goals of this work are (1) reviewing the current state of sex estimation, based on practitioner preferences, case studies, research publications, and proposed standards; (2) presenting and discussing opposing viewpoints regarding issues such as the lack of agreement on terminology standards; whether sex should be estimated at all in subadults; different analytical and data collection approaches; and whether it is appropriate to directly apply sex-specific methods if sex has been positively established, or if keeping a blind approach is still necessary in that case, in order to prevent observer biases; (3) discussing current challenges and future applications; and (4) summarizing the review with a set of recommendations and suggestions for future practice.
INOVAÇÃO SOCIAL: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA DOS ESTUDOS DE CASO PUBLICADOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Rocha Ronalty Oliveira , Abreu Aline França de , Silva Debora Eleonora Pereira da , Olave Maria Elena León
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar como a inovação social tem sido caracterizada nos estudos brasileiros. Apresenta-se um recorte da inovação social nos estudos de caso brasileiros disponibilizados nas bases de dados SPELL e anais da ANPAD. Identificaram-se 21 artigos em periódicos e 16 em eventos da ANPAD. Os estudos selecionados foram analisados à luz das dimensões de inovação social propostas por Tardif e Harrisson (2005) – Transformação, caráter inovador, inovação, atores e processo. Ao todo foram selecionados e analisados 37 artigos, publicados entre janeiro de 2007 e agosto de 2019. De modo geral, as evidências encontradas apontam que os estudos de caso brasileiros sobre inovação social consideram as dimensões propostas por Tardif e Harrisson (2005), contudo nem todos os artigos apresentam em totalidade, nem mesmo descrevem, adequadamente, as 5 dimensões propostas por esses autores Destaca-se especialmente as dimensões de transformação e processos dentre as menos explicadas nos estudos consultados.
ALÉM DA ACESSIBILIDADE: DESAFIOS DA SOCIALIZAÇÃO ORGANIZACIONAL DE PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Santos Maria do Socorro Martins dos , Lima Tereza Cristina Batista de , Ferraz Serafim Firmo de Souza
Published: April 2021

Analisa as percepções das pessoas com deficiência sobre a socialização organizacional em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior. A amostra foi composta por 15 servidores com deficiência, selecionados pela condição de deficiência e, por conveniência, de acordo com a disponibilidade dos profissionais em participar do estudo. O ensaio caracteriza-se como demanda qualitativa, na qual foi realizado um estudo de caso, tomando-se como referencial o modelo teórico adaptado de Chao et al. (1994),  Taormina (1997) e Borges et al. (2010), que culminou nas dimensões - engajamento à instituição, integração às pessoas, domínio profissional e perspectivas futuras. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada e, no tratamento dos dados, foi realizada a análise de conteúdo com auxílio do software Atlas Ti, versão 8.0. Os resultados apontam que houve um crescimento no número de pessoas com deficiência dentro da instituição, mostrando aquelas que estão ingressando como detentoras de uma qualificação elevada e que pretendem continuar se aperfeiçoando, mas, também, mostraram que existem muitas dificuldades relacionadas à acessibilidade nas suas mais distintas modalidades.
1857
Authors: Matz Wolfgang
Published: April 2021

Drei bedeutende Werke der Weltliteratur am Beginn der Moderne.

Das Jahr 1857 ist literaturgeschichtlich betrachtet von großer Bedeutung: Mit Gustave Flauberts »Madame Bovary«, Charles Baudelaires »Les Fleurs du Mal« und Adalbert Stifters »Nachsommer« erscheinen drei epochale Werke der modernen europäischen Literatur. Dabei gab es unter den Zeitgenossen mit Friedrich Nietzsche vermutlich nur einen einzigen Leser, der tatsächlich alle drei Bücher kannte und sie außerordentlich schätzte.

Wolfgang Matz geht in seiner Studie der Frage nach, ob dem gleichzeitigen Erscheinen der Werke nicht doch mehr zugrunde liegt als der Zufall. Alle drei Werke zeichnen sich durch eine äußerst markante Konstellation von ästhetischen Konzepten, Schreibweisen und biographischen Wegen zur Literatur aus, die für die gesamte Moderne prägend wurde. In seiner überraschenden Studie zeigt Matz auf, wie in einem historisch entscheidenden Augenblick drei Autoren zu ihrem Werk finden und wie drei Werke auf diesen Augenblick antworten. Durch die Verschränkung von Ästhetik und Biographie wird 1857 mit diesen drei grundverschiedenen Büchern zum Schlüsseljahr der Moderne.

Durchgesehene Neuausgabe.
Die Form der Nachricht
Authors: Beyrle Judith
Published: April 2021

Die Unmöglichkeit einer objektiven Berichterstattung und grundlegende Skepsis an den Leistungen der Nachrichtenmedien ist längst zu Allgemeinplätzen geworden, während von einem Geltungsverlust dieser Medien nicht die Rede sein kann. Tagtäglich binden die in Massenmedien selektierten Ereignisse die Aufmerksamkeit in Politik, Wirtschaft oder Interaktionssystemen mit nicht zu unterschätzenden Wirkungen. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, wie unter Voraussetzung der Perspektivität jeder Beobachtung spezielle Beobachtungen erzeugt werden, die Relevanz und die Beschreibung der aktuellen Wirklichkeit für sich beanspruchen können und für differente Anschlüsse weiterer Systeme attraktiv werden. Das vorliegende Buch greift die systemtheoretische Diskussion massenmedialer Kommunikation auf und erweitert sie um eine formtheoretische Analyse von Nachrichten. Im Zentrum der Überlegungen steht die Spannung zwischen der grundsätzlichen Beobachtergebundenheit von Nachrichten und deren Anspruch an wirklichkeitsgetreue Repräsentation. Nachrichten ermöglichen gesellschaftsweite Aufmerksamkeit, indem sie einerseits Ereignisse hervorbringen und dabei andererseits ihre eigene Beobachtungsleistung unsichtbar machen. Die Ereignisse erscheinen in einer Form, die die Anschlussbildung an diese Ereignisse wahrscheinlicher und sichtbarer macht als die möglichen Anschlüsse an die Perspektivität der Nachrichten. Sie werden gleichsam einer differenten Beobachtung, etwa durch politische, wirtschaftliche oder andere massenmediale Kommentierungen, ausgesetzt. Ereignisse, nicht Themen, erweisen sich daher als wichtige durch Massenmedien bereitgestellte Aspekte der Integration von Gesellschaft unter den Bedingungen ihrer funktionalen Differenzierung. Drei exemplarische Fallstudien – die Diskussion um den Fall Christian Wulff, um die Publikation der Botschaftsdepeschen durch WikiLeaks und die Veröffentlichung von Wirtschaftsprognosen – veranschaulichen diesen Zusammenhang.
Lipid Rafts and Development of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Díaz Mario , Marin Raquel
Published: April 2021

A wealth of evidence accumulated over the last two decades has unambiguously linked lipid rafts to neurodegenerative diseases, in particular to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These microdomains are highly dynamic membrane platforms with differentiated physicochemical and molecular properties compared to the surrounding membrane microenvironment, and are the locus for a number of central processes in neuronal physiology. Most recent evidence pinpoint to lipid rafts as main players in AD neuropathology. It is now widely accepted that lipid rafts actively participate in the processing of amyloid precursor protein to generate amyloid beta peptides, a main component of amyloid plaques. Current evidence have highlighted the existence of severe alterations in the molecular structure and functionality of lipid rafts in the frontal cortex of human brains affected by Alzheimer’s disease. An exceptionally interesting observation is that lipid raft destabilization can be demonstrated even at the earliest stages of AD neuropathology. In the present review, we will first elaborate on the structure and function of these multifaceted subcellular structures and second to focus on the impact of their alterations in neuronal pathophysiology along the onset and progression of AD continuum.
The Study of Some Possible Risk Factors for Arterial Thrombosis in the Example of Georgian Patients
Authors: Koridze Marina , Nagervadze Marina , Sarkhaiani Maria , Akhvlediani Leila , Khukhunaishvili Rusudan , Dolidze Ketevan , Tskvitinidze Sophiko , Gabaidze Shorena , Nakashidze Irina , Garakanidze Sopio , Nikolaishvili Giorgi
Published: April 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of death worldwide. As arterial as venous thrombosis are major cause’s morbidity and mortality. There is an exponential increase in the risk of arterial and venous thrombotic events with age, gender, smoking habits, diet type etc. The association of arterial and venous thrombosis and ABO histo-blood group is well established. Our research aim was to find a possible relationship between age, gender, smoking habit, ABO, Rh, Kell, MN blood group and arterial thrombosis in the example of the Georgian population. The study material comprised the blood samples of 100 patients with arterial thrombosis. Also, control (donor) groups were studied. The Control group included individuals without cardiovascular disease during the 2019–2020 periods. They were asymptomatic, healthy persons. The immunoserological express method with universal monoclonal antibodies ware used. 77% of the studied patients were males. The majority of patients were over the 60 years old. 35% of our studied patients are non-smoker, 39% are ex-smoker, and 26% are active smokers. A similar distribution has the ABO and Rh phenotypes in patients and donors. M+ N+ (MN) the phenotype is relatively high in the patient group to comparing to donors. Kell antigen prevalence was relatively high in studied patients. Our study has shown maleness as a higher risk factor for arterial thrombosis. The smokers have a more predicted chance for arterial thrombosis. K+ phenotype and M+ N+ characteristics are a high prevalence in patients. There is no correlation between ABO and Rh blood groups with arterial thrombosis.
Speech Enhancement Based on LWT and Artificial Neural Network and Using MMSE Estimate of Spectral Amplitude
Authors: Talbi Mourad , Baazaoui Riadh , Salim Bouhlel Med
Published: April 2021

In this chapter, we will detail a new speech enhancement technique based on Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) and Artifitial Neural Network (ANN). This technique also uses the MMSE Estimate of Spectral Amplitude. It consists at the first step in applying the LWTto the noisy speech signal in order to obtain two noisy details coefficients, cD1 and cD2 and one approximation coefficient, cA2. After that, cD1 and cD2 are denoised by soft thresholding and for their thresholding, we need to use suitable thresholds, thrj,1≤j≤2. Those thresholds, thrj,1≤j≤2, are determined by using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The soft thresholding of those coefficients, cD1 and cD2, is performed in order to obtain two denoised coefficients, cDd1 and cDd2 . Then the denoising technique based on MMSE Estimate of Spectral Amplitude is applied to the noisy approximation cA2 in order to obtain a denoised coefficient, cAd2. Finally, the enhanced speech signal is obtained from the application of the inverse of LWT, LWT−1 to cDd1, cDd2 and cAd2. The performance of the proposed speech enhancement technique is justified by the computations of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Segmental SNR (SSNR) and Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ).
The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenetic Insights and Clinical Implications
Authors: Capric Violeta , Priyan Chandrakumar Harshith , Celenza-Salvatore Jessica , N. Makaryus Amgad
Published: April 2021

Increased attention has been placed on the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and pathogenetic mechanisms in cardiovascular disease. Multiple studies have presented data to suggest that cardiac and arterial stiffness leading to adverse remodeling of both the heart and vasculature leads to the various pathological changes seen in coronary artery disease, heart failure (with preserved and reduced ejection fractions), hypertension and renal disease. Over-activation of the RAAS is felt to contribute to these structural and endocrinological changes through its control of the Na+/K+ balance, fluid volume, and hemodynamic stability. Subsequently, along these lines, multiple large investigations have shown that RAAS blockade contributes to prevention of both cardiovascular and renal disease. We aim to highlight the known role of the activated RAAS and provide an updated description of the mechanisms by which activation of RAAS promotes and leads to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.