bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF THE SILENT ENEMY (COVID-19 PANDEMIC) ON THE MARKETING EFFORTS UNDERTAKEN BY THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Kanapathipillai Kumaran
Published: August 2021

The impact of a dangerous pandemic to human life is not a new chapter in human history. However, the silent enemy (Covid-19) pandemic crept from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, at an exponential rate that it shifted the rhythm of the world. The crisis that started in China has become a global crisis that crippled many nations in terms of health and economy. From the events that have happened and still happening, we can notice that humans were not prepared for the onslaught of this killer pandemic. The businesses and industries in Malaysia were also not spared by this killer pandemic. One of the hard-hit industries, due to this pandemic is the automotive industry in Malaysia. Therefore, this research aims to discover how Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the marketing efforts undertaken by the automotive industry in Malaysia. Consequently, to achieve the objective of this research, the survey technique is used to develop a detailed profile, which is gathered from 337 out of 450 formal standardized questionnaires sent online to marketers at twelve automotive companies in Malaysia. This research applied the quantitative methods to yield empirical results and validations that answer the research question. The literature examined the areas of the marketing concept, context and strategies to fill the gap and to determine the significant relationship between the Covid-19 pandemic and the marketing efforts undertaken by the marketers of the automotive industry. The analysis shows that Covid-19 pandemic has a significant relationship and correlated negatively to marketing efforts. The hypothesis proved that Covid-19 pandemic has a significant relationship with marketing efforts. Thus, this study could also help all other businesses and industries in Malaysia stay vigilant and overwhelm the assault of this silent enemy. By making a shift to its marketing concept, context and strategies, the automotive industry could regain its momentum from the onslaught of the silent enemy (Covid-19) pandemic.

 

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MANAGER’S LEADERSHIP STYLES AND JOB PERFORMANCE OF COMPANY RANK AND FILE EMPLOYEES
Authors: Ricablanca Jacque Lou S. , Abocejo Ferdinand T.
Published: August 2021

In company management, several leadership styles are inherent and utilised by a manager or a leader. This study assessed the leadership styles of a manufacturing company manager and how the styles of leadership influence rank and file employees’ performance. In particular, it evaluated the manager’s leadership styles as affirmed by the rank and file employees, and how these leadership styles influence the performance of said employees from the viewpoint of work quality, work quantity, job innovativeness, customer service and team spirit. The study was carried out through a descriptive survey research design utilising a standardised survey questionnaire. Findings revealed that the branch Manager highly utilised transactional and transformational leadership styles in managing the manufacturing company. The Laissez-faire leadership style was only moderately utilised while the autocratic leadership was the least utilised style also at the moderate level. These utilised leadership styles manifested strong influence on the performance and productivity of rank and file employees of the manufacturing company under study. Accordingly, the employees exhibited outstanding performance towards the delivery of their works. It is concluded that managing the human capital of any company elicits full utilisation of good leadership styles supportive to the attainment of the company’s set goals and objectives and employees’ desired outputs and productivity. The company under study should continuously utilise and sustain the use of transactional and transformational leadership styles to keep employees’ productive performance, although there is always room for improvement. Other related studies may be pursued considering other variables or attributes of leadership styles not covered in this study.

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DETERMINANTS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN LIBYAN TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY
Authors: Omar Omran Ahmad Mohamad , Azam S. M. Ferdous
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to identify the determinants of knowledge management strategies in the Libyan transportation industry for organizational performance. This study began to propose the research method through an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), after proposing a testable conceptual framework, where the items of further research can have some light to move forward. For this analysis, the sample size was 529 and simple random sampling was employed. The results of this research indicate that the main aspects of organizational performance in the Libyan Transportation Industry are the knowledge management system, knowledge management process, knowledge management strategy, organizational performance. Through proposing an empirically validated research model that could be an important implementation tool for the success of the performance of the Transportation Industry, this research has added to established knowledge.

JEL: L10; L25; L91

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MONETARY POLICY AND INFLATION CONTROL: THE CASE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Ezeanyeji Clement I. , Obi Cyril Ogugua , Imoagwu Chika Priscilla , Ejefobihi Ugochukwu Frank
Published: August 2021

Inflation is a major problem facing Nigeria as a country today. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), however, has made efforts to fight it using different policy measures, of which monetary policy is one of them. Thus, this study focuses on the impact of monetary policy on inflation control in Nigeria. The study is based on time series data from 1980 to 2019. The Augmented Dickey Fuller test, Johansen’s co-integration test, the Error Correction model (ECM) estimation was employed in the analysis. The variables include – exchange rate, inflation rate, money supply (% GDP), Treasury bill rate and monetary policy rate. The research findings showed that monetary policy has no significant impact on inflation control in Nigeria both in the short – run and long – run. Money supply has negative and insignificant impact on inflation control in Nigeria both in the short – run and long – run. Again, exchange rate has negative and insignificant effect on inflation control in Nigeria both in the short – run and long – run. The Treasury bill rate has negative but significant effect on inflation control in Nigeria in the short – run, while in the long – run it has positive but insignificant effect on inflation control in Nigeria. The study, therefore, recommends that, Government should provide monetary policies that will preferred efficient provider of favourable environment in terms of the implementation of the appropriate monetary policy rate, exchange rate etc in order to attract both domestic and foreign investment which will create employment opportunities for the Nigerian populace and in turn lead to the expansion of the industries in the country.

JEL: E42; E52; E31
MARKETING STRATEGIES: FROM DOOR TO DOOR TO EVANGELISM TO E-COMMERCE, AND M-COMMERCE MARKETING
Authors: Ezekiel Ajayi Olalekan
Published: August 2021

Investigate and demonstrate the usefulness of the traditional marketing model in developing digital marketing strategies. Digital marketing has contributed to the global market through the use of internet providers as support to their main business. The Internet arose as a new mode of mass communication. The Internet differs from other forms of mass media communication in that it is a low-cost two-way communication medium that allows people on both sides of the communication channel to communicate with one another. As a result, most people have shifted their information gathering from traditional mass media to the Internet. During the same time, globalization became a reality. Because the world has been viewed as a global village, further research could look into m-commerce as a marketing strategy.

JEL: M10; M31

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INTERROGATING THE CONCEPT ‘OPENNESS’ IN OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL)
Authors: Maphosa Cosmas , Bhebhe Sithulisiwe
Published: August 2021

Scholars in Open Distance Learning (ODL) often refer to distance education as ‘open’. The concept 'openness' on open and distance learning is very fluid and often misunderstood. It is the purpose of this desktop survey to review relevant literature and make interrogation of the concept 'openness'. We advance questions such as; How open is open and distance learning. In what aspects is ODL open and to what extent is the openness. We discuss openness concerning targeted potential students and entry requirements in ODL institutions, the openness of teaching, and learning approaches as well as openness concerning communication, the flexibility of curricula, and assessment. We conclude by answering whether or not ODL institutions are open as well as suggesting measures and ways of enhancing openness in ODL institutions.

 

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DEVELOPMENT OF VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) AS A PRACTICAL DEVICE FOR TELEVISION BROADCASTING MANAGEMENT
Authors: Andriyani Dewi , Marisa M. , Puspitasari Susy , Adning Mohamad , Hapsari Kusnindyah Puspito , Deliana D. , Mukti Wibowo
Published: August 2021

The Open University Education Technology study program is in desperate need of a type of media that is able to provide maximum learning services to students. Therefore, a learning material product is needed to support these needs. Development research is needed for VR and AR-based learning materials to be realized. This research is a development research. The development model used refers to the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation). The choice of ADDIE model in this development research is based on several reasons, namely, this model is a procedural model, namely a model that is descriptive, showing clear and careful steps to produce the product. Study of competencies produce a competency map of the results of the study based on the principles of development of the field of study and the demands of educational technology expertise, especially Television Broadcasting Management. The results of the study of module materials found the existence of competency sequences that are not appropriate judging from the process or stages of Management. The results of this study showed that it is necessary to rearrange the competencies of Courses TPEN 4312 and the Television Broadcasting Management Module should be revised. Reconstructing the Practice Handbook as a handle for students to perform practical tasks and Develop more suitable practical tools based on the results of practical tasks.

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EVALUATING THE MADRASATI PLATFORM FOR THE VIRTUAL CLASSROOM IN SAUDI ARABIAN EDUCATION DURING THE TIME OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Aldossry Badi
Published: August 2021

The platforms are the pinnacle of technology and digital development in the 21st century. However, until the global COVID-19 pandemic, most schools did not employ these platforms as new teaching and learning methods. The Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia established the Madrasati Platform as the new gateway to distance-teaching and learning for all Saudi' education levels from 1st to 12th grade in the new academic year 2020-2021. This platform is one of the most essential programmes in Saudi Arabia, and is related to many supplemental educational tools. The data involved in this study was collected from three teachers. This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the Madrasati Platform in relation to Saudi teachers' perceptions of its use as the primary distance learning platform, and its advantages and disadvantages. The main findings are firstly that teachers should possess technical knowledge about how to use this platform, which highlighted the need for intense training courses for both teachers and students in order to create and foster a successful educational environment. The Madrasati Platform is an integrated platform designed to meet the needs of all of the parties involved. However, students typically neglect to attend the asynchronous virtual classroom on the platform (iEN channels and other uploaded videos) and focus only on the synchronously virtual (live) classroom on Teams. Therefore, this paper presents some recommendations to the Saudi Arabian education stakeholders for improved platform development, and also proposes paths for future research.

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AN INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS OF ACADEMICIANS IN SPORT SCIENCES – THE EXAMPLE OF MARMARA UNIVERSITY AND İSTANBUL GELIŞIM UNIVERSITY, TURKEY
Authors: Eryiğit Ömer , Ay Serap Mungan
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the physical activity levels of academicians working at the sports science faculties of state and foundation universities. The sample group of the study consists of academicians working at Marmara University and Istanbul Gelişim University. As a data collection tool in research, in addition to the personal information form "International Physical Activity questionnaire", developed by the World Health Organization and adapted to Turkish by Öztürk (2005) was used. In the evaluation of the data, besides descriptive statistics, Chi-Square test was used. As a result of the analysis, a difference was found between the physical activity levels of the academicians working at Marmara University according to their gender, age and monthly income level. No statistically significant difference was found between the gender, age, marital status, weekly lesson hours, university service years, monthly income and body mass indexes and physical activity levels of the academicians working at Istanbul Gelişim University. As a result, it has been determined that the participation levels of the academicians working in the sports science faculties of state and foundation universities differ in terms of some socio-demographic characteristics.

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EFFECTS OF THE APPLICATION PROGRAMME OF CORRECTIVE EXERCISES ON FOOT CONDITION
Authors: Lazuta Slaviša , Gerdijan Nikolina , Vukić Željko
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of corrective exercise programmes on the foot condition. The research was attended by 66 subjects (students of the Jovan Cvijić elementary school, Banja Luka) aged 11-12 years. Of the total number of subjects on initial testing, 44 subjects (72.7%) had flat foot deformity (first, second and third degree) and they participated in further research. The Footplate currex platform was used to assess the arch of the foot. The programme of flat foot corrective exercises lasted a total of 4 months. Exercises were performed twice a week for 20 minutes. The programme included a total of 13 exercises and each exercise was repeated 20 times. A Chi-squared test was applied to determine if there was a difference in the frequency of foot deformities between the initial and final measurements, as well as gender differences, i.e. whether the applied exercise programme affected the reduction of foot arch deformity (p <0.05). The obtained results showed a statistically significant difference between the initial and final measurement (p= 0.008). At the initial measurement, most subjects had the first degree of flat foot deformity (33 subjects or 75%), the second degree (9 subjects or 20.50%), and the third degree (2 subjects or 4.50%). Corrective exercises had positive effects in subjects with the established first-degree flat foot deformity. After the programme of corrective exercises, the deformity of the first degree disappeared in 10 subjects (22.7%). In subjects with established foot deformities of the second and third degree, no statistically significant difference was observed after the programme of corrective exercises. By analysing the statistically obtained data of flat foot deformities between male and female subjects, we concluded that there is a higher number of deformities in boys, although the result has no statistical significance. Based on the data, we can conclude that exercises are the most effective method for flat foot correction. If there is a higher degree of foot deformity, it is necessary to perform corrective exercises for a longer period of time and with a stronger intensity (several times a week).

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INVESTIGATING THE STATE OF AMBUSH MARKETING IN FOOTBALL AND WRESTLING
Authors: Tojari Farshad , Nikaeen Zinat , Shirahmad Marjan , Mirani Kaveh
Published: August 2021

One of the modern ways of investing in sports and advertising is through sports. Along with financial backers, the ambush marketing phenomenon has been around for three decades. In Iran, one of the weaknesses is the lack of rules and weakness in the implementation of marketing laws. Football and wrestling are popular sports in Iran and have significant sponsors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the situation of ambush marketing in football and wrestling. The present study is of qualitative type. The statistical population includes 12 professionals: professors of sports marketing, media officials, the Football Federation, and football wrestling and financial support. Research tools are semi-structured interviews and research methods, content analysis and thematic analysis using Nvivo8 software. The research results showed that the term hidden marketing should be used instead of ambush marketing, and strict legislation and heavy financial penalties are required by lawmakers. Although major sporting events such as the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup are more common in Western countries, we can also use their methods and rules to protect the rights of sponsors and prevent ambush marketing.

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INVESTIGATION OF SPORTS-SPECIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL ABILITY LEVELS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Kurak Kemal , Büyükçelebi Hakan
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the sports-specific psychological ability levels of high school students. The study is a descriptive study, and the data were collected by survey method. A total of 402 students (226 male, 176 female) participated in the study. Mann Whitney U test was used for paired comparisons and Kruscal Wallis H tests for multiple comparisons. The Mann Whitney U test used for non-parametric data was utilized to detect the source of the difference in multiple comparisons. In the study, the significance level was accepted as p <0.05. There was a statistically significant difference in favor of male students in the sub-dimension of goal setting, in all sub-dimensions except for the sub-dimension of being open to learning according to high school type variable, in favor of those who define themselves social-extroverted in all sub-dimensions except for high performance under pressure according to the self-definition variable, in favor of those who do team sport in the sub-dimensions of goal setting, confidence and achievement motive according to the sport branch variable; and in all sub-dimensions of the variables of club license status, sport year, number of exercise per week, being in the school team and presence of a licensed athlete in the family. As a result of this study, it was found that students who were successful in bilateral relations, social and were interested in sports for a long time were more advanced in terms of sports-specific psychological ability.

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BUILDING STANDARDS FOR STUDENT PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FIRST YEAR LAOS NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Kien Dam Trung , Patsaphanh Bounly
Published: August 2021

Research to build physical assessment standards for first-year students of Lao National University helps us get the basic information and basis to evaluate teaching process, choose solutions. suitable in the training process, improve students' physical condition to meet learning requirements in new training trends.

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ANALYSIS OF THE ITALIAN FOOTBALL IN THE 2016 EUROPEAN FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP
Authors: Kurak Kemal , Büyükçelebi Hakan , Açak Mahmut
Published: August 2021

The 15th European Football Championship (UEFA) was hosted by France. Italy exhibited a different football from this previous tournament. Italy participated in the European Football Championship 8 times, played three finals and won this trophy in 1968. Before 2016, Italian football is a team that has adopted the strict defense principle. It is aimed to reach the result based on standing balls and individual actions. With the 5-4-1 and 4-5-1 game system, the defense is not at risk and few players are attacked. In the preference of players, players with good defense power are preferred. In EURO 2016, Italy football; Looking at the comments from around the world, it has changed the style and style of the game. It is seen that it applies new trends in football. We can summarize some of these trends as follows; there is a very tactically trained team that can play different systems. Different game systems have been applied in different matches. It was observed that they wanted to direct the game by owning the ball. When they lost the ball, oppression was set up instead of waiting for the opponent to make mistakes. Distance between locations has been established as 35-40 m. Instead of waiting behind the ball, the opponent was directed to the press area to create pressure against the ball. These situations caused the Italian football team to play an attractive football.

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THE ARCHAIC ELEMENTS OF THE KYRGYZ NATIONAL GAMES
Authors: Türkmen Mehmet
Published: August 2021

Physical culture and sport as a product of certain historical conditions for the development of society, it is the sum of the historical results of human spiritual activity. In this study, is presented one of the oldest Turkish peoples and the background of the traditional sports of the Kyrgyz with a long history. Steppe is compatible with nomadic lifestyle, national will and according to qualifications horse riding, were many sports, including shooting and wrestling. Purpose of the research: natural conditions that reveal traditional sports, the factors that determine the practical character of sports, what are the pedagogical and socio-cultural benefits of the Kyrgyz people? Method of research; it is possible to examine with a few methods, but it is preferred to use the historical method. The limitation of the study: present Kyrgyzstan and their historical geographies. As a result, Kyrgyz, which is understood to be both intellectual and moral as well as physical, has taken part in all stages of traditional sports, social structure and life. There have been some add-ons and outputs according to the changes and developments of the era. The economic life is based on animal husbandry and becoming nomadic people, they live in steep natural conditions and climatic conditions, very frequent battles in the old world, etc., it has determined the style and demand of these sports. In practice, the Kyrgyz population have overcome all these difficulties and became strong military people.

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THE EFFECT OF DRAMA IN EDUCATION TOWARDS THE SUBJECT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Mavroudis Nick
Published: August 2021

This article aims to fill the bibliographic gap concerning the way physical education teachers may apply drama in education in elementary schools. Drama in education is an educational method which, based on movement, speech and expression, aims at the comprehensive development of a child. The application of its techniques may provide new dimensions and perspectives to the teaching of physical education in elementary school.

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THE EFFECT OF A GREEK TRADITIONAL DANCE PROGRAM ON THE MOTOR COMPETENCE OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: Marouli Evaggelia-Anna , Kaioglou Vasiliki , Karfis Vasilios , Kambas Antonios , Koutsouba Maria , Venetsanou Fotini
Published: August 2021

It is usual for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to demonstrate deficits in motor behavior. Participation in movement programs has been suggested to elicit improvements in their motor competence (MC) level. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a Greek traditional dance (GTD) program on the MC of 6-14-year-old children with ASD. The study design included eight participants (two girls, six boys), who were randomly allocated into two equal-sized groups, group A (its members participated only in the regular Physical Education lessons provided by their school) and group B (its members additionally followed an 8-week GTD program of two 40-min sessions per week). Children’s MC was assessed prior and immediately after the completion of the GTD program by the Bruininks- Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2 SF). Due to study’s small sample size and participants’ heterogenous ASD characteristics, the results will be interpreted as outcomes of multiple single case studies. Overall, it was observed that the MC of all participants was considerably poor; however, members of group B made greater improvements in both the total BOT-2 point score and most item raw scores compared to those of group A, with balance and body coordination skills presenting the greater improvements. Even though the results of this study stress the positive effect of GTD on the MC of children with ASD, future studies employing wider sample sizes and/or implementing longer programs are required to further confirm its merit.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PRESIDENTIAL CABINET IN A MULTI-PARTY SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wiyono Suko , Hindiawati Wahyu , Pujiati Eko , Azmi Shofiyatul
Published: August 2021

The presidential cabinet system adopted by the Indonesia people has its own characteristics, namely the presidential cabinet system that is paired with a free multi-party system. The impact of the choice of system turned out to hamper the performance of the presidential cabinet, because of the many interventions of the coalition party members to the ministers who were in the cabinet. Not to mention that many laws and regulations have narrowed the President’s space in carrying out his authority that originated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Of course, the state and conditions of the constitution like this, severely hampered the cabinet in realizing its vision and missions. This paper will examine how to make the Indonesian presidential cabinet system work effectively.

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GROWTH SUFFICIENCY OF THE INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT FUND FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN HENAN, CHINA
Authors: Li Zhang , Tham Jacquline , Azam S. M. Ferdous
Published: August 2021

This study aims to explore the determinants of sufficient growth of the Local Government Industrial Investment Fund in Henan, China. The industrial investment fund in China started with the development of an overseas investment fund. China has become the world’s second-biggest equity investment market. Industrial capital has thrived in recent years. In China, local government investment funds also have a broader role and importance and are becoming an important funding mechanism that local governments can function and encourage. This research methodologically constitutes a quantitative study. Another is the consequence, rather than explaining variables as a cause. Under the probability sampling design, the analysis uses the basic random sampling approach, using survey methods that include structured questionnaires. The result indicates that the local government’s industrial investment fund in Henan, China, would be an infrastructure for economic development.

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DETERMINANTS OF ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) AND COMPREHENSIVE MARKETPLACE IN LIBYA
Authors: Aljaer Mustafa Ali Mousa , Jaharadak Adam Amril
Published: August 2021

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an enterprise that incorporates and monitors all company operations and procedures across the whole organisation through an extensive information system. ERP vendors are now concentrating more on SMEs because of the near saturation of large enterprises’ ERP adoptions. More SMEs are implementing ERP systems because of globalisation, alliances, value networks, and the widespread flow of knowledge through and within SMEs at present. This study was focused on 80 leading Libyan business organisations catering to local and international trade, manufacturing, trade, banking and hotel services. The risks of adoption relate to the fact that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have limited capital and unique features.

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PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL INTEREST GROUPS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Molina Rica Alyana D. , Ramos Rhon Joseph S. , Abocejo Ferdinand T.
Published: August 2021

Political interest groups (PIGs) are formed by people having common goals and working their way to make their goals a realization. These groups play a crucial role in influencing the minds of the youth in their outlook about varies societal issues. As a way for the youth to be able to participate, these groups found a way to organize political interest group chapters within universities. The organization allow university students to be able to actively participate in conducted activities within their campuses. This study investigated the different political interest groups which are existing in the universities within Cebu City, Philippines. The study also endeavored to examine the different reasons why students are willing participate in these so-called political interest groups and the factors that drive them in joining, how these institutional chapters are recognized and monitored by their respective universities. The findings revealed that students who participated in political interest groups find them interesting and beneficial serving as primary channel to voice their opinions regarding crucial and current societal issues. Also, the universities give them permits to conduct fora and seminars inside the campus. Many students confirm that joining political interest groups bring them more benefits, hone their political interests. Finally, joining political interest groups foster and deepen university students’ social development, broaden their political horizons and bring about positive social change while nurturing students’ rational choices.

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PRACTICAL ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION
Authors: Jyothi Victoria , Venukapalli Sudhakar
Published: August 2021

How do the children with mild and moderate mental retardation recognize and comprehend the external reality? How do they communicate their abilities of representation and exhibit their competencies? What kind of Practical skills do they possess? With what practical skills do they interact? These are some of the seminal questions in the contemporary discourse on children with mental retardation. This study is an attempt to grapple with some of the above questions, related to the practical adaptive behaviour of children with mental retardation. In social and domestic lives, the practical skills are important, and this article is to study the comparison of various domains of mentally retarded individuals with different degrees of retardation such as mild, moderate, severe, and profound. To carry out this research work a sample of 60 children with mental retardation are randomly selected, from two sub-populations i.e., mild and moderate children with mental retardation. This article mainly focuses on the practical adaptive behavior of children with mild and moderate mental retardation to their level of mental retardation, gender, level of the parent's education, and years of schooling. This research helped us to identify certain gaps in the existing knowledge. It was found based on the conducted research that the majority of the children with mild mental retardation exhibited practical behavior most frequently by participating in most of the classroom practical activities. It is also very important for us to realize that these children whose exceptionalities and disabilities can also be helped with good suggestions so, that they can lead a happy and productive life. From the analysis and testing of the hypothesis, it is evident that the variable 'gender' does not have any influence on children's practical skills. Irrespective of various backgrounds both the boys and girls are equally getting involved in the different practical activities, this may be the reason for the absence of gender discrimination in this context. It can be concluded that children with mental retardation exhibit delays in all aspects of practical skills management compared to non-retarded children and it is felt that if some verbal and non-verbal prompts are provided, these children can manage practical acts well in familiar situations.

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MINIMALIST THEORY OF FICTION AND THE ICTHINKING® METHOD AS A BACKGROUND FOR NEW INSIGHTS TO AUTISM
Authors: Nyberg Crister , Ptolomey Amanda
Published: August 2021

The standard approach to conceptual understanding in the case of autism uses the distinction of abstract versus concrete thinking. This approach has its benefits but fails to explain all features of language use. For example, some concepts change their meaning in different contexts in contrast to concepts that are more rigid in their uses, such as mathematical concepts. This idea has its background in Minimalist theory of fiction (MTF), a theory that considers ‘skills to use words’ essential for understanding fiction, contrasting with theories that require pretending or make believe to understand fiction. From this background, the theory of Integrative Complexity (IC), and the method animating for practice, ICthinking®, can be of particular use to autistic people. The interventions develop meta-cognitive skills and are supportive of autistic people. From these starting points, we introduce new research hypotheses for developing educational methods especially for autistic people.

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INFLUENCE OF MATHEMATICS BRAILLE PROFICIENCY ON MATHEMATICS PERFORMANCE AMONG LEARNERS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN SELECTED SPECIAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KENYA
Authors: Okumu Martin Obiero , Murugami Margaret W. , Mazrui Lubna M.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to report some of the findings of a study which investigated the influence of mathematics Braille proficiency on mathematics performance among learners with visual impairment in selected special secondary schools in Kenya. In this study, descriptive design was used with a sample size of 55 respondents comprising of head teachers, mathematics teachers and learners with visual impairment in two special secondary schools. The study respondents were purposively sampled. Findings on the level of mathematics braille proficiency possessed by learners with visual impairment; and the relationship between mathematics Braille skills and mathematics performance are reported. These findings demonstrate a very low level of mathematics Braille skills; and there was a significant positive relationship between mathematics braille proficiency and mathematics performance, particularly among touch readers. These findings confirmed that lack of mathematics braille proficiency contributed to poor mathematics performance. On the basis of these findings, some recommendations are provided.

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Hüftsteife Aktienmarktanalysten
Authors: Filiz Ibrahim , Judek Jan René , Lorenz Marco , Spiwoks Markus
Published: August 2021

Wenn die Variabilität der Wirklichkeit systematisch unterschätzt wird, kann dies im Bereich der Aktienmarktprognose zu sehr kostenträchtigen Fehleinschätzungen beitragen. Die Zuverlässigkeit von Aktienmarktprognosen wird nur selten untersucht. Zwar liegt eine große Zahl von Studien zu Gewinnprognosen (pretax profit forecasts) vor (vgl. Ramnath, Rock & Shane, 2008), aber Untersuchungen der Prognosen von Aktienkursen, Aktienindizes oder Aktienrenditen sind nach wie vor rar. Deshalb wendet sich die vorliegende Studie der Betrachtung von Aktienindexprognosen zu. Es handelt sich um Prognosen des Deutschen Aktienindex (DAX), des Dow Jones Industrial Index (DJI) und des Euro Stoxx 50 (SX5E), die im Zeitraum von 1992 bis 2020 in den deutschen Tagesbeziehungsweise Wirtschaftszeitungen „Handelsblatt“ (HB) und „Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung“ (FAZ) veröffentlicht werden. Es handelt sich dabei um Prognosen mit Prognosehorizonten von sechs und zwölf Monaten, die regelmäßig von deutschen und internationalen Bankhäusern erstellt werden. In der vorliegenden Studie wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob das Verhalten der betrachteten Aktienmarktanalysten der von Ogburn (1934) beschriebenen Charakteristik des Konservatismus entspricht und ob die Prognosen als tauglich oder als untauglich zu beurteilen sind.
O Trabalho no SUS: retrato das relações trabalhistas no Programa Academia da Saúde
Authors: Parreira Fernanda Ramos , De Souza Marta Rovery
Published: August 2021

RESUMO

Justificativa: As contratações na área da saúde pública brasileira – especialmente em nível municipal – perpassam por essas novas dinâmicas laborais. Trabalhadores da saúde contratados por tempo determinado, relações trabalhistas sem estabilidade ou garantias mínimas de direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários. Objetivo: Refletir sobre as dinâmicas laborais existentes no contexto de um programa. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-transversal, que utiliza dados secundários referente ao programa Academia da Saúde, bem como dados oriundos de pesquisa de campo. Resultados: Predomínio de profissionais do sexo feminino, jovens, com elevado grau de instrução, presença de equipes multiprofissionais, mas com relações e vínculos de trabalho precarizados, constituídos por meio de contratações temporárias, por exemplo credenciamento, baixa permanência de trabalhadores. Conclusões: As relações de trabalho – no contexto do programa Academia da Saúde, no estado de Goiás – constroem-se de forma precarizada e sem estabilidade ao trabalhador, e contribui a pouca motivação e desinteresse de profissionais em atuarem no programa.

 

ABSTRACT

Background: Brazilian public health hiring - especially at the municipal level - permeates these new work dynamics. Health workers on a fixed-term basis, unsettled labor relations or minimum guarantees of labor and social security rights. Objective of paper: Reflect on the existing work dynamics in the context of a program. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that uses secondary data related to the Academia da Saúde program, as well as data from field research. Results: Predominance of female, young, highly educated professionals, presence of multiprofessional teams, although presenting precarious working relationships and bonds, constituted through temporary hiring, for example, accreditation, low permanence of workers. Conclusions: Labor relations - in the context of the Academia da Saúde program in the state of Goiás - are built in a precarious manner and without stability to the worker, contributing to the professionals' lack of motivation and lack of interest in working in the program.
The Phenomenon of Academic Procrastination in Students during Pandemic
Authors:   Psychology Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia, Herdian Herdian
Published: August 2021

Pandemic becomes one of the problems of the world until the moment of this. In the aspect of education, the pandemic has changed the education system into online learning. We examine how the phenomenon of academic procrastination in online learning is due to previous research saying that the ineffectiveness of online learning causes students to do academic procrastination. A total of 305 students of the faculty of teacher training and science education fill out questionnaires online regarding the phenomenon of academic procrastination. The result of this research is that there are low and high comparisons on academic procrastination. The implications and discussion we discuss in depth.
Kajian Analisis Keperluan: Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran Literasi Tenaga Pengintegrasian STEM Sekolah Rendah
Authors: Jusup Yusmail , Sharif Sabariah
Published: August 2021

Kajian analisis keperluan dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk melihat isu dan permasalahan topik tenaga dan elektrik murid sekolah rendah di daerah Kota Kinabalu yang membawa kepada perlunya pembangunan modul literasi tenaga pengintegrasian STEM. Kajian ini dilaksanakan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan persampelan bertujuan melibatkan tiga orang guru dan empat orang murid menggunakan kaedah temu bual separa struktur manakala kajian kuantitatif melibatkan 100 orang murid responden menggunakan borang soal selidik keperluan murid. Hasil kajian kualitatif diperolehi berdasarkan kepada ciri keperluan yang dinyatakan oleh Morrison et. al iaitu i) keperluan sedia ada murid dan guru, dan ii) keperluan perasaan murid dan guru. Keperluan sedia ada murid dan guru dilihat melalui topik yang sukar diajar dan dipelajari, pengalaman pembelajaran murid, amalan pengajaran guru dan masalah yang dihadapi guru semasa mengajar topik tersebut. Keperluan perasaan iaitu keperluan untuk memperbaiki prestasi diri pula dilihat melalui keperluan yang diharapkan oleh murid semasa topik ini diajar dan keperluan guru dalam pengajaran topik ini. Kajian kuantitatif mempunyai 13 item soal selidik yang dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui skor peratus terdiri daripada lima kriteria iaitu tahap pengetahuan tenaga, amalan penggunaan tenaga, sikap terhadap tenaga, pengalaman pembelajaran dan keperluan strategi pembelajaran yang diharapkan. Dapatan daripada semua item dalam soal selidik menunjukkan peratus yang tinggi terhadap keperluan pembangunan modul untuk topik pembelajaran Tenaga dan Elektrik. Kesimpulannya, isu dan jurang permasalahan yang wujud membawa kepada perlunya pembangunan modul literasi tenaga dalam kalangan murid sekolah rendah di daerah ini agar literasi tenaga yang merangkumi aspek pengetahuan, sikap dan tingkah laku murid terhadap tenaga dapat ditingkatkan.
Domestication as Strategy in Translating Religious Cultural Elements into English
Authors: Ramli Sulhah , A. Bakar Arnida
Published: August 2021

People with different beliefs and religions around the world discovered that Quran enlightens the way of life. Therefore, it results in emergence of progressive efforts of translating this sacred text into many languages that has been carried out particularly in 20th century. However, translating sacred text is far more difficult than other type of texts. There are religious culture-specific-items that carry peculiar meaning and must be translated into appropriate equivalent in target culture. Thus, the meaning encompassed in that equivalent, and the description that characterized the meaning will be compatible with its original. Moreover, translating these items by applying domestication strategy will bring the text close to the target reader. It is because the equivalent provided in target language is familiar and well-known to the readership. Yet, this strategy puts the cultural gap to its intended meaning, especially when the text is related to the religious culture-specific-item, which is only known to the source readership. Therefore, the present article aims to investigate the domestication strategy in translating religious cultural elements into English. This study is qualitative, and the data are analyzed descriptively using document analysis. Disclosing the meaning of domesticated equivalent, the study adopts componential analysis by Newmark (1988). The study contributes to enhancing the procedure of componential analysis by validating the cultural element categorization with experts and referring exegesis as main source in identifying the characteristic of meaning. It is found that domestication strategy can only provide the adequate meaning to the closest when it comes together with compensation strategy.
Night Eating Syndrome and Its Association with Sleep Quality and Body Mass Index Among University Students During the Covid-19
Authors: Kwan Yong Qi , Lee Siew Siew , Cheng Shi-Hui
Published: August 2021

Night eating syndrome (NES) is a disordered eating behaviour characterized by hyperphagia at night and is often accompanied by a sleep disturbance. This study aims to determine the prevalence of NES and its association between sleep quality and body mass index (BMI) among the private university students during the Covid-19. A total of 166 students from a private university participated in this cross-sectional study. Online self-administered questionnaires were used to collect and determine socio-demographic data, BMI, NES, and sleep quality. NES was assessed using Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire (NEDQ) while sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire (PSQI). The results showed that 38.6% of the participants were engaging with NES, 45.2% were having poor sleep quality and 25.9% were overweight or obese during the Covid-19. There were significant associations between NES with sleep quality and BMI, which students with NES were found to have poorer sleep quality (r=0.306, p<0.001) and higher BMI (r=0.024, p=0.763). In addition, poor sleep quality was found to be positively associated with BMI (r=0.161, p=0.038). Males (AOR=2.198, 95% CI=1.005-4.808) and poor sleepers (AOR=1.176, 95% CI=1.028-1.346) were the risk factors of NES. In conclusion, the prevalence of NES, poor sleep quality, and overweight and obesity were at an alarming rate. NES was found to be related to both poorer sleep quality and higher BMI among the students. Therefore, interventions such as behavioural and cognitive therapy should be implemented to promote healthy eating behaviour among university students.
Motivasi dan Tahap Aktiviti Fizikal Semasa COVID-19
Authors: Mohd Zakari Nurulhuda Amirah , Muhamad Tajul Arifin
Published: August 2021

Dunia mengalami cabaran yang luar biasa hingga mengubah kehidupan normal manusia kepada norma baharu. Pengasingan sosial, penjarakan fizikal dan perintah kawalan pergerakan disebabkan oleh penyakit berjangkit koronavirus 2019, pandemik Covid-19 telah mengakibatkan penurunan tahap aktiviti fizikal bagi kedua-dua jantina. Pengenal pastian faktor motivasi atau pemangkin kepada melakukan aktiviti fizikal akan dapat menyumbang kepada institusi berkaitan dalam merangka strategi untuk meningkatkan tahap aktiviti fizikal semasa pandemik. Kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti faktor motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik yang mempengaruhi penglibatan pelajar program Pendidikan Sukan dan Rekreasi (SUKRES), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) dalam aktiviti fizikal semasa pandemik COVID-19. Kajian berbentuk kuantitatif menggunakan instrumen soal selidik yang diadaptasi dari “Exercise Motivation Inventory” (EMI) dan “Global Physical Activity Inventory” (GPAQ) dan dianalisis menggunakan perisian “Statistical Package for Social Science” (SPSS) versi 23.0. Kajian keratan rentas ini dijalankan semasa dalam perintah kawalan pergerakan bersyarat (PKPB) merangkumi pelajar SUKRES UKM dari Tahun 1 hingga Tahun 4 yang sedang mengikuti pengajian secara atas talian “online distance learning” dan maklumat diperoleh menggunakan edaran soal selidik secara atas talian “google form”. Secara keseluruhan kajian menunjukkan majoriti pelajar Sukan dan Rekreasi Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia kurang melibatkan diri dalam aktiviti fizikal dan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dalam perbandingan min antara faktor motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik berdasarkan jantina namun didapati pelajar lelaki lebih bermotivasi intrinsik melakukan aktiviti fizikal manakala pelajar perempuan lebih bermotivasi ekstrinsik beraktiviti fizikal semasa pandemik COVID-19. Hasil kajian juga mendapati terdapat hubungan di antara motivasi ekstrinsik dan tahap aktiviti fizikal semasa pandemik yang mana boleh membantu pihak universiti dan institusi pengajian tinggi merangka strategi baharu bagi menggalakkan orang awam khususnya pelajar untuk terus melakukan aktiviti fizikal walaupun berdepan dengan wabak pandemik seperti mempromosikan pengamalan gaya hidup sihat di rumah dengan akses kepada fasiliti sedia ada di persekitaran rumah masing-masing.