bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sertraline as a Multi-Target Modulator of AChE, COX-2, BACE-1, and GSK-3β: Computational and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Arfeen Minhajul , Mani Vasudevan
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the dysregulation of several key enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), and caspase-3. In this study, machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boost (GB), and Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB) were employed to screen US-FDA approved drugs from the ZINC15 database to identify potential dual inhibitors of COX-2 and AChE. The models were trained using molecules obtained from the ChEMBL database, with 5039 molecules for AChE and 3689 molecules for COX-2. Specifically, 1248 and 3791 molecules were classified as active and inactive for AChE, respectively, while 858 and 2831 molecules were classified as active and inactive for COX-2. The three machine learning models achieved prediction accuracies ranging from 92% to 95% for both AChE and COX-2. Virtual screening of US-FDA drugs from the ZINC15 database identified sertraline (SETL) as a potential dual inhibitor of AChE and COX-2. Further docking studies of SETL in the active sites of AChE and COX-2, as well as BACE-1, GSK-3β, and caspase-3, revealed strong binding affinities for all five proteins. In vivo validation was conducted using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model pretreated with SETL for 30 days. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the levels of AChE (p < 0.001), BACE-1 (p < 0.01), GSK-3β (p < 0.05), and COX-2 (p < 0.05). Additionally, the downstream effects were evaluated, showing significant decreases in the apoptosis marker caspase-3 (p < 0.05) and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.001), indicating that SETL is clinically localized in its effectiveness, mitigating both enzymatic activity and the associated pathological changes of cognitive impairment and AD.
Photoreactions of the C2H4–SO2 Complex in a Low-Temperature Matrix Investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Takahashi Taito , Ito Fumiyuki , Miyazaki Jun
Published: November 2024

Ethylene and sulfur dioxide molecules were co-deposited on a CsI window at cryogenic temperature, and the photoproducts upon UV irradiation were observed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The products were found to be UV wavelength-dependent; at shorter wavelengths (λ = 266 nm) one strong peak was observed while more than three peaks were identified at longer UV wavelengths (λ = 300 nm). Spectral features changed seamlessly along with UV wavelength. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out for potential products, and spectral matches between observations and calculations seemed satisfactory, assuming a cyclic molecule (oxathietane 2-oxide) as the main photoproduct at longer UV wavelengths. On the other hand, the spectra of photoproducts at shorter UV wavelengths were reproduced by assuming the decomposition products of an intermediate, from the supplementary experiments using deuterated samples. Plausible photoreaction schemes were presented to account for the observed photoproducts.
Heat Capacities of α-, β-, and γ- Polymorphs of Glycine
Authors: Pokorný Václav , Štejfa Vojtěch , Havlín Jakub , Fulem Michal , Růžička Květoslav
Published: November 2024

As a part of our effort to establish reliable thermodynamic data for amino acids, the heat capacity and phase behavior are reported for two stable polymorphs (α and γ) of glycine (aminoacetic acid, CAS RN: 56-40-6). Prior to heat capacity measurement, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray powder diffraction were performed to determine decomposition temperatures and initial crystal structures, respectively. The literature heat capacities obtained by adiabatic calorimetry are available in the temperature interval (7–304). The literature data were used for validating performance of our relaxation (heat-pulse) calorimeter, which was used for measurement of the heat capacity of α-glycine in the temperature interval (2–267) K. The crystal heat capacities of the α- and γ-glycine were extended towards higher temperatures using Tian–Calvet calorimetry in the temperature interval (262–358) and power compensation DSC in the temperature interval (310–449) K. As a result, reference heat capacities and thermodynamic functions for the crystalline phase from 0 K up to 450/435 K for α/γ-glycine were developed. The literature heat capacities for β-glycine over the range 0 K to 295 K were treated in the same manner in order to provide thermodynamic data for all three polymorphs existing at the atmospheric pressure.
Toward Extensive Utilization of Pulping Liquor from Chemical–Mechanical Pulping Process of Wheat Straw in Biorefinery View
Authors: Sun Ning , Ji Xingxiang , Tian Zhongjian , Wang Baobin
Published: November 2024

Extensive utilization of renewable biomass is crucial for the progress of carbon neutral and carbon peak implementation. Wheat straw, as an important by-product of crops, is hardly ever efficiently utilized by conventional processes. Here, we proposed a mild acid-coupled-with-enzymatic-treatment process to realize the utilization of lignin and hemicelluloses from pulping liquor on the basis of the chemical–mechanical pulping process. The pulping liquor was treated with acid first to precipitate lignin, and it was further hydrolyzed with xylanase to obtain XOSs. The recovered lignin was characterized by FT-IR, 2D-HSQC, GPC, etc. It was found that lignin undergoes depolymerization and condensation during acid treatment. Also, saccharide loss enhanced with the decrease in pH due to the presence of the LCC structure. As a result, an optimized pH of 4 for the acid treatment ensured that the removal rate of lignin and loss rate of polysaccharides achieved 77.15% and 6.13%, respectively. Moreover, further xylanase treatment of the pulping liquor attained a recovery rate of 51.87% for XOSs. The study presents a new insight for the efficient utilization of lignin and hemicellulose products from non-woody materials in the prevailing biorefinery concept.
Progress in MOFs and MOFs-Integrated MXenes as Electrode Modifiers for Energy Storage and Electrochemical Sensing Applications
Authors: Suganthi Sanjeevamuthu , Ahmad Khursheed , Oh Tae Hwan
Published: November 2024

The global energy demand and environmental pollution are the two major challenges of the present scenario. Recently, researchers focused on the preparation and investigation of catalysts for their capacitive properties for energy storage devices. Thus, supercapacitors have received extensive interest from researchers due to their promising energy storage features and decent cyclic stability/performance. The performance of the supercapacitors are significantly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the electrocatalyst. In this review article, we have compiled the previous reports on the fabrication of MOFs-based composite materials with MXenes for energy storage and electrochemical sensing applications. The metallic and bimetallic MOFs and MOFs/MXenes materials for supercapacitor applications are reviewed. In addition, MOFs/MXenes-based hybrid composites are also compiled towards the determination of various toxic/hazardous materials, such as metal ions like copper ions, mercury ions, and picric acid. We believe that present review article may benefit the researchers working on the preparation of MOFs-based catalysts for supercapacitor and electrochemical sensing applications.
Carbon Nanotubes in Cement—A New Approach for Building Composites and Its Influence on Environmental Effect of Material
Authors: Kupka Teobald , Makieieva Natalina , Świsłowski Paweł , Rajfur Małgorzata , Małolepszy Artur , Stobiński Leszek , Grzeszczyk Stefania , Jurowski Krystian , Sudoł Adam , Wrzalik Roman , Rahmonov Oimahmad , Ejsmont Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

An addition of carbon nanostructures to cement paste is problematic due to the difficulties in obtaining homogenous mixtures. The paper reports on a more effective way of mixing carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) in cement pastes. The additional biological impact of the studied nanomodified cement was analyzed in the case of two moss species’ vitality. The applied approach of obtaining a homogeneous mixture is based on intense mechanochemical mixing of MWCNT-COOH together with polycarboxylate superplasticizer (SP). As a result, a more homogenous suspension of MWCNT-COOH within a liquid superplasticizer, suitable for addition to hydrophilic cement paste, was obtained. FT-IR/Raman spectroscopy was used for materials’ characterization. To explain the mixing process at the molecular level, systematic theoretical studies using density functional theory (DFT) were performed. The structures, interaction energies and IR/Raman vibrational spectra of model carboxylic acids, mixed with functionalized SWCNTs as simplified models of real MWCNTs, were obtained. Due to the controversial opinions on the environmental hazards of carbon nanostructures, additional in vivo studies were performed. In this case, effects of cement modified by the addition of small amounts of MWCNT-COOH with SP in comparison to the composite without carbon nanostructures and control subsoil on the vitality of mosses Polytrichum formosum and Pseudoscleropodium purum were studied.
Impact of Mediterranean Diet Pattern Adherence on the Physical Component of Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle-Aged and Older Active Adults
Authors: Conde-Pipó Javier , Martinez-Amat Antonio , Mora-Fernández Agustín , Mariscal-Arcas Miguel
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) has numerous health benefits, particularly in preventing chronic diseases and improving well-being. Given the ageing population, understanding its impact on older adults’ physical health is essential. This study examines how adherence to the MedDiet influences the physical component (Comp-p) of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) across various age groups, providing insights for tailored dietary interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with active adults aged 41–80, categorised into four age groups (41–50, n = 116; 51–60, n = 225; 61–70, n = 135; 71–80, n = 44). Data were collected using the SF-36 and MEDAS questionnaires. Com-p scores were analysed based on MedDiet adherence (poor or good) and age. Results: In the 71–80 age group, a significant correlation was found between Comp-P and MedDiet adherence (r = 0.367, p = 0.014), with significantly higher Com-P scores in the good adherence group (50.10 ± 7.39) compared to the poor group (44.46 ± 7.73; p = 0.015; d = 0.74). The loss of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in this age group was attributed to low consumption of vegetables (36.36%), tree nuts (47.73%), legumes (50.00%), fish (52.27%), and fruit (56.82%). Conclusions: In individuals aged 71–80, lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a decline in self-perceived physical health, attributed to the reduced intake of fresh vegetables, legumes, fish, and fruit. These findings emphasise the importance of promoting Mediterranean dietary adherence in later life to maintain optimal physical well-being.
Dietary Habits, Nutrition Intake, and Alcohol Consumption Based on Types of Smoking and Smoking Status: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Miyoshi Kiho , Kimura Yuki , Miyawaki Takashi
Published: November 2024

Background/objectives: Smoking increases the risk for multiple lifestyle-related diseases. In Japan, consumption of heated tobacco products (HTPs), a novel cigarette type, is rising. However, no studies have yet compared dietary habits among HTP smokers. This study assessed food and nutrient intake and alcohol consumption by smoking status (non-smokers, cigarette smokers, HTP smokers). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 237 HTP smokers, 242 cigarette smokers, and 178 non-smokers (50% each male and female). The Brief Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire was administered as a nutritional survey, and smokers were asked about their smoking status, including smoking history and the number of puffs smoked per day. Results: A significantly higher intake of meat was seen in HTP smokers than in cigarette smokers (p = 0.038), and HTP smokers showed the lowest intake of vitamin D in all groups. HTP and cigarette smokers had a lower intake of certain vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber compared with non-smokers. The rate of habitual drinkers (at least one drink a month) and their alcohol consumption (g/day) were significantly lower in non-smokers (58%, 1.3 g) than in HTP smokers (67%, 4.8 g) and cigarette smokers (70%, 7.1 g) (p = 0.031). Additionally, after adjusting for sex and smoking status in a multiple regression analysis, the number of puffs was a significant contributor to alcohol intake in HTP smokers (β = 0.296, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study identified significant dietary, nutritional, and alcohol consumption differences based on smoking status, underscoring the need to consider both diet and smoking type in nutritional counseling and smoking cessation guidance.
Association Between Lifestyle Patterns and Abdominal Obesity with Biochemical and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adolescents with Down Syndrome: The UP&DOWN Study
Authors: Gutierrez-Hervas Ana , Nova Esther , Izquierdo-Gómez Rocío , Veiga Óscar L. , Padilla Carmen , Castro-Piñero José , Marcos Ascensión , Gómez-Martínez Sonia
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The main objective of this study was to examine the association between lifestyle patterns (physical activity, screen and sleep time and diet) and abdominal obesity, and endocrine, metabolic, and immunological biomarkers in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Methods: Eighty-three DS adolescents (38.6% girls), aged 11 to 18 years, from the UP&DOWN study were included. Cluster analysis was performed by including the compliance of recommendations of lifestyle variables, such as moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen and sleep time and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD). The waist-to-height ratio was used as an indicator of abdominal obesity. Haematological, biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers were analysed. Results: A three-cluster solution was identified: Cluster 1: adolescents with low compliance; Cluster 2: youth with medium compliance; and Cluster 3: adolescents with high compliance. Significant differences in MVPA (p = 0.000), screen time (p = 0.004), sleep time (p = 0.0001), AMD (p = 0.000) and abdominal obesity (p = 0.003) were found. Clusters 2 and 3 had lower levels of triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol than Cluster 1. Cluster 2, in which all adolescents met the MVPA recommendations, had the lowest levels of galactin 3. Conclusions: Compliance with lifestyle recommendations (PA, screen and sleep time and AMD) and the absence of abdominal obesity seem to be associated with better biochemical and inflammatory values.
Mediterranean Food Pattern Adherence in a Female-Dominated Sample of Health and Social Sciences University Students: Analysis from a Perspective of Sustainability
Authors: Oliveira Leandro , Saraiva Ariana , Lima Maria João , Teixeira-Lemos Edite , Alhaji Jwaher Haji , Carrascosa Conrado , Raposo António
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The goal of this pilot study is to evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean Food Pattern (MFP) in a self-selected sample of university students, addressing a perspective of food sustainability. In addition, it seeks to relate adherence to MFP with sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional status. Methods: This is a cross-sectional pilot study whose data collection was carried out by an online questionnaire between January and April 2023. Results: Two hundred and forty-eight students participated—most of them were female (78.2%), had a median of 22 (20; 30) years, resided in the central region of Portugal (42.3%), and were pursuing a degree (73.4%) in a public higher education institution (66.5%). The prevalence of overweight (overweight and obesity) found was 33.1%. Females predominantly used olive oil as their main source of fat (95.9%, p = 0.009) and had a higher consumption of sugary drinks (81.4%, p = 0.004) compared to males, who reported usage rates of 85.2% and 63.0%, The median score of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener was 7 points, presented with an interquartile range (Q1: 6, Q3: 8), indicating moderate adherence. The analysis showed no differences between the sexes (p = 0.087). There was also a negative correlation between adherence to the MFP and the body mass index (p = 0.007; r = −0.171). In addition, adherence to the MFP was associated with the area of study and the course attended, with students in health-related fields showing higher adherence. Conclusions: These findings underscore the necessity for targeted interventions aimed at promoting adherence to the MFP among university students, which could contribute to improved health outcomes and enhanced environmental sustainability.
Lactobacillus helveticus HY7801 Improves Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms by Regulating Sex Hormones and Inflammatory Cytokines in a Mouse Model of Metoclopramide-Induced Hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Kim Hyeon-Ji , Jeong Ji-Woong , Kim Joo-Yun , Shim Jae-Jung , Lee Jae-Hwan
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a clinical condition that manifests in the form of various physical and psychological symptoms, occurs periodically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and reduces quality of life. Methods: Here, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus helveticus HY7801 (HY7801) on PMS symptoms. Results: Data from the in vitro experiments showed that HY7801 inhibits prolactin secretion by estradiol-induced GH3 cells, as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. Additionally, the oral administration of HY7801 (109 colony-forming units/kg/day) to mice with metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia reduced uterine tissue mass and endometrial thickness, both of which were increased excessively in the presence of prolactin. HY7801 also regulated the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and prostaglandin E1/E2, as well as recovering the progesterone/estradiol ratio. HY7801 also downregulated the serum levels of prolactin and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (Il)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf), and IL-1β. Finally, HY7801 reduced the expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines (i.e., Tnf and Il-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mice with hyperprolactinemia. Conclusion: In summary, HY7801 may be a functional bacterium that alleviates PMS symptoms by modulating hormones and inflammatory markers.
Mixed Sweeteners Supplemented with Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) Improved Some Diabetes-Related Markers and Complications in a Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Inyang Ekomobong , Ijeh Ifeoma Irene , Oyedemi Sunday
Published: November 2024

Several studies have explored the effects of single or binary mixtures of sweeteners on both healthy individuals and those with diabetes. However, there is limited research on the impact of a combination of four sweeteners supplemented with dietary minerals. Steviol glycosides, extracted from Stevia rebaudiana, offer a zero-calorie sweetness that exerts minimal influence on blood glucose levels. When combined with other sweeteners, they can reduce the required quantity of each component thus mitigating the potential side effects. Furthermore, the incorporation of chromium picolinate into sweeteners may enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism and diminish insulin resistance in both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of commercial mixed sweeteners (acesulfame-K, sucralose, sorbitol, and steviol glycoside) supplemented with chromium picolinate (MSSC) on diabetes-related markers and complications in healthy and type 2 diabetic rats (T2D). Over six weeks, diabetic rats received daily oral administration of MSSC at a standard dosage. The results demonstrated that MSSC significantly reduced weight loss in diabetic rats, lowered fasting blood glucose levels, enhanced hexokinase activity, and improved pancreatic antioxidative capacities. Additionally, MSSC treatment led to notable reductions in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, malondialdehyde (MDA), and LDL cholesterol levels. The treatment also modulated specific renal function parameters, and moderately reversed the necrotic architectures of the liver and pancreatic β cells. These results indicate that long-term administration of MSSC may alleviate certain diabetic complications without adverse effects on non-diabetic individuals. Further clinical studies are strongly recommended to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MSSC in diverse populations.
Association Between Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ahsan Aiman , Rafiq Zobia , Fatima Mahnoor , Naeem Marium , Niamat Jaweria , Bukhari Syed Jawad Ali , Shaikh Muhammad Saad
Published: November 2024

Objective: This review aims to elucidate the link between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and periodontal disease (PD) and to substantiate whether the autoimmune mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HT influence the integrity of oral tissues, eventually inducing the development of PD. Methods: The present article is a narrative review that has been composed conforming to the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines on the topic ‘Association between HT and PD’. Results: Eight studies, including four case–control studies, one cross-sectional study, two case reports, and one bidirectional Mendelian randomization study, were cited. These studies were filtered by language (all in English) and relevance to the topic and were sourced from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The results suggest a potential link between HT and PD, indicating that HT may have a direct impact on oral tissues. Conclusion: Existing research shows limited but probable evidence associating HT with PD; nevertheless, further large-scale studies with refined methodologies are required to assess this hypothesis and elucidate the precise mechanisms by which HT may contribute to PD pathogenesis.
Eugenol, Isoeugenol, Thymol, Carvacrol, and Ester Derivatives as an Ecofriendly Option to Control Glomerella Leaf Spot and Bitter Rot on Apple
Authors: Schorr Renan R. , Ballesteros Garcia Meira J. , Petermann Debora , Moreira Rafaele R. , Sales Maia Beatriz H. L. N. , Marques Francisco A. , May-De Mio Louise L.
Published: November 2024

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) and bitter rot (BR) are severe diseases of apple. Colletotrichum nymphaeae and Colletotrichum chrysophillum are the main species in Brazil. To control GLS and BR in Brazilian apple orchards, mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl fungicides are still used despite reported Colletotrichum resistance to these active ingredients. In addition, mancozeb has been banned from apple-importing countries and it has been a great challenge for apple producers to find products for its replacement that are eco-friendly. So, this study aimed to search for alternatives to control the diseases. We assessed the antifungal activity of eugenol, isoeugenol, thymol, carvacrol, and some of their ester derivatives. The best products to inhibit the pathogen in in vitro assays were thymol, thymol butyrate, and carvacrol, completely inhibiting mycelial growth at 125 mg L−1 and conidial germination at 100 mg L−1. In detached apple fruit, eugenol, eugenyl acetate, carvacryl acetate, and thymol butyrate, significantly reduced BR symptoms caused by Colletotrichum species with some variation between experiments and species, decreasing the risk of BR with the time compared to control. In detached leaves, all tested compounds significantly reduced the risk of development of GLS symptoms with disease control varying from 30 to 100%. The compounds tested are promising alternatives to replace fungicides to control bitter rot and Glomerella leaf spot on apple culture and should be tested for field conditions.
Transcriptomic Profiling Unravels the Disruption of Photosynthesis Apparatuses and Induction of Immune Responses by a Bipartite Begomovirus in Tomato Plants
Authors: He Wen-Ze , Rong Ting , Liu Xun-Yue , Rao Qiong
Published: November 2024

Diseases caused by begomoviruses such as tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) are major constraints in agriculture. While the interactions between plants and monopartite begomoviruses during TYLCD pathogenesis have been explored extensively, how bipartite begomoviruses interact with tomato plants are understudied. Here we first found that a bipartite begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV) induced stunted growth, leaf curl and yellowing in tomato plants. We then profiled the tomato transcriptomic changes in response to TYLCTHV infection. In total, we identified 2322 upregulated and 1377 downregulated genes. KEGG enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that many KEGG pathways regulating plant photosynthesis processes and defenses were enriched. Specifically, TYLCTHV infection disrupted the expression of DEGs that function in the light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex, photosystem I and II, cytochrome b6/f complex, photosynthetic electron transport and F-type ATPase. Additionally, the expression of many DEGs regulating plant defenses including pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity, effector-triggered immunity and hypersensitive response was upregulated upon TYLCTHV infection. Taken together, we found that during the pathogenesis of TYLCD induced by TYLCTHV, the virus actively disrupts plant photosynthesis processes and induces defense responses. Our findings add to our knowledge of TYLCD pathogenesis and plant–virus interactions in general.
Pathological and Ileal Microbiota Findings in Seven-Day-Old Chicks with Gizzard Lesions and Growth Delay
Authors: da Silva Dayse Helena Lages , Cordeiro Luana Ferreira Marques , Rios Diego Lisboa , de Freitas Neto Oliveiro Caetano , Lara Leonardo José Camargos , Oliveira Juan Carlos Ariute , Aburjaile Flávia Figueira , Ecco Roselene
Published: November 2024

Gizzard erosion and ulceration (GEU) is characterized by defects and necrosis in the koilin layer, particularly in broilers. This condition has been associated with growth retardation, runting, and economic implications for poultry producers; nevertheless, its influence on gut microbiota remains unknown. This study investigated the compositional changes in the bacterial community of the ileum of seven-day-old broiler chicks with GEU using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Twenty-two samples were obtained from the ileal mucosa and contents of sixteen chicks with GEU and six without GEU raised in a conventional system located on a farm in southeast Brazil. The results revealed that bacterial phyla in both groups exhibited a similar composition, with Firmicutes representing the most abundant. Porphyromonas, Candidatus Arthromitus, and Limosilactobacillus were statistically more abundant in the group without GEU. The most prevalent genera in the group with GEU were Lactobacillus and Enterococcus, and the relative abundance of Enterococcus in the ilea of some chicks with GEU was considerable. Based on the results of the current study, necrosis in the koilin layer can change the composition of ileal microbiota. Therefore, further studies should be carried out to clarify whether GEU and consequently poor digestibility of the feed cause significant changes in the intestinal microbiota.
The Analysis of the ZnO/Por-Si Hierarchical Surface by Studying Fractal Properties with High Accuracy and the Behavior of the EPR Spectra Components in the Ordering of Structure
Authors: Seredavina Tatyana , Zhapakov Rashid , Murzalinov Danatbek , Spivak Yulia , Ussipov Nurzhan , Chepushtanova Tatyana , Bolysbay Aslan , Mamyrbayeva Kulzira , Merkibayev Yerik , Moshnikov Vyacheslav , Altmyshbayeva Aliya , Tulegenov Azamat
Published: November 2024

A hierarchical surface that includes objects with different sizes, as a result of creating local fields, initiates a large number of effects. Micropores in the composition of macropores, as well as nanoclusters of the substance, were detected by scanning electron and atomic force microscopies on the surface of ZnO/Por-Si samples. An identical fractal dimension for all levels of the hierarchy was determined for these structures, which is associated with the same response to external excitation. Photoluminescence studies have shown the presence of localized levels in the band gap, with the probability of capturing both electrons and holes, which ensures charge transitions between energy bands. Decomposition of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal into components made it possible to determine the manifestations of various types of interaction between paramagnetic particles, including the hyperfine structure of the spectrum. The ordering of the structure of the substance as a result of sequential annealing in the range from 300 to 500 °C was revealed in the EPR spectrum. This fact, as well as photo- and gas sensitivity for all types of samples studied, confirms the prospects of using these structures as sensors.
Real-Time Economic Dispatching for Microgrids Based on Flexibility Envelopes
Authors: Zhao Dawei , Zhang Chuanzhi , Ning Yujie , Huo Yuchong
Published: November 2024

The core function of a microgrid controller is to compute and distribute a set points related to the distributed energy resources and controllable loads to ensure optimal performance. The development of a real-time economic dispatching algorithm that enhances the operation of microgrids, particularly those involving wind, diesel, and storage systems, is the aim of this paper. The proposed algorithm is based on the flexibility envelope concept, which enables efficient, real-time dispatching, without the need for professional optimization software. The main objective of this paper is to provide a cost-effective and practical solution for managing uncertainties in terms of renewable energy generation and load demand. The algorithm is tested on a microgrid energy management system, in both grid-connected and islanded operation modes. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves significant cost reductions compared to a rule-based myopic policy, while closely approximating the optimal dispatch results obtained from offline professional optimization tools.
Climate-Related Default Probabilities
Authors: Blanc-Blocquel Augusto , Ortiz-Gracia Luis , Sanfelici Simona
Published: November 2024

Climate risk refers to the risks associated with climate change and has already started to impact various sectors of the economy. In this work, we focus on the impact of physical risk on the probability of default for a firm in the agribusiness sector. The probability of default is estimated based on the Merton model, where the firm defaults when its asset value falls below the threshold defined by its liabilities. We study the relationship between the stock value of the firm and global surface temperature anomalies, observing that an increase in temperature negatively affects the stock value and, consequently, the asset value of the firm. A decrease in the asset value of the firm translates into an increase in its probability of default. We also propose a model to assess the exposure of the firm to transition risk.
An Assessment of the Seasonal Uncertainty of Microwave L-Band Satellite Soil Moisture Products in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Yi Chuanxiang , Li Xiaojun , Xing Zanpin , Xin Xiaozhou , Ren Yifang , Zhou Hongwei , Zhou Wenjun , Zhang Pei , Wu Tong , Wigneron Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2024

Accurate surface soil moisture (SM) data are crucial for agricultural management in Jiangsu Province, one of the major agricultural regions in China. However, the seasonal performance of different SM products in Jiangsu is still unknown. To address this, this study aims to evaluate the applicability of four L-band microwave remotely sensed SM products, namely, the Soil Moisture Active Passive Single-Channel Algorithm at Vertical Polarization Level 3 (SMAP SCA-V L3, hereafter SMAP-L3), SMOS-SMAP-INRAE-BORDEAUX (SMOSMAP-IB), Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity in version IC (SMOS-IC), and SMAP-INRAE-BORDEAUX (SMAP-IB) in Jiangsu at the seasonal scale. In addition, the effects of dynamic environmental variables such as the leaf vegetation index (LAI), mean surface soil temperature (MSST), and mean surface soil wetness (MSSM) on the performance of the above products are investigated. The results indicate that all four SM products exhibit significant seasonal differences when evaluated against in situ observations between 2016 and 2022, with most products achieving their highest correlation (R) and unbiased root-mean-square difference (ubRMSD) scores during the autumn. Conversely, their performance significantly deteriorates in the summer, with ubRMSD values exceeding 0.06 m3/m3. SMOS-IC generally achieves better R values across all seasons but has limited temporal availability, while SMAP-IB typically has the lowest ubRMSD values, even reaching 0.03 m3/m3 during morning observation in the winter. Additionally, the sensitivity of different products’ skill metrics to environmental factors varies across seasons. For ubRMSD, SMAP-L3 shows a general increase with LAI across all four seasons, while SMAP-IB exhibits a notable increase as the soil becomes wetter in the summer. Conversely, wet conditions notably reduce the R values during autumn for most products. These findings are expected to offer valuable insights for the appropriate selection of products and the enhancement of SM retrieval algorithms.
Discussion Points of the Remote Sensing Study and Integrated Analysis of the Archaeological Landscape of Rujm el-Hiri
Authors: Khabarova Olga , Birkenfeld Michal , Eppelbaum Lev V.
Published: November 2024

Remote sensing techniques provide crucial insights into ancient settlement patterns in various regions by uncovering previously unknown archaeological sites and clarifying the topological features of known ones. Meanwhile, in the northern part of the Southern Levant, megalithic structures remain largely underexplored with these methods. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the landscape around Rujm el-Hiri, one of the most prominent Southern Levantine megaliths dated to the Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age, for the first time. We discuss the type and extent of the archaeological remains identified in satellite images within a broader context, focusing on the relationships between landscapes and these objects and the implications of their possible function. Our analysis of multi-year satellite imagery covering the 30 km region surrounding the Sea of Galilee reveals several distinct patterns: 40–90-m-wide circles and thick walls primarily constructed along streams, possibly as old as Rujm el-Hiri itself; later-period linear thin walls forming vast rectangular fields and flower-like clusters of ~ 20 m diameter round-shaped fences found in wet areas; tumuli, topologically linked to the linear walls and flower-like fences. Although tumuli share similar forms and likely construction techniques, their spatial distribution, connections to other archaeological features, and the statistical distribution in their sizes suggest that they might serve diverse functions. The objects and patterns identified may be used for further training neural networks to analyze their spatial properties and interrelationships. Most archaeological structures in the region were reused long after their original construction. This involved adding new features, building walls over older ones, and reshaping the landscape with new objects. Rujm el-Hiri is a prime example of such a complex sequence. Geomagnetic analysis shows that since the entire region has rotated over time, the Rujm el-Hiri’s location shifted from its original position for tens of meters for the thousands of years of the object’s existence, challenging theories of the alignment of its walls with astronomical bodies and raising questions regarding its possible identification as an observatory.
An Aerial Photogrammetry Benchmark Dataset for Point Cloud Segmentation and Style Translation
Authors: Chen Meida , Han Kangle , Yu Zifan , Feng Andrew , Hou Yu , You Suya , Soibelman Lucio
Published: November 2024

The recent surge in diverse 3D datasets spanning various scales and applications marks a significant advancement in the field. However, the comprehensive process of data acquisition, refinement, and annotation at a large scale poses a formidable challenge, particularly for individual researchers and small teams. To this end, we present a novel synthetic 3D point cloud generation framework that can produce detailed outdoor aerial photogrammetric 3D datasets with accurate ground truth annotations without the labor-intensive and time-consuming data collection/annotation processes. Our pipeline procedurally generates synthetic environments, mirroring real-world data collection and 3D reconstruction processes. A key feature of our framework is its ability to replicate consistent quality, noise patterns, and diversity similar to real-world datasets. This is achieved by adopting UAV flight patterns that resemble those used in real-world data collection processes (e.g., the cross-hatch flight pattern) across various synthetic terrains that are procedurally generated, thereby ensuring data consistency akin to real-world scenarios. Moreover, the generated datasets are enriched with precise semantic and instance annotations, eliminating the need for manual labeling. Our approach has led to the development and release of the Semantic Terrain Points Labeling—Synthetic 3D (STPLS3D) benchmark, an extensive outdoor 3D dataset encompassing over 16 km2, featuring up to 19 semantic labels. We also collected, reconstructed, and annotated four real-world datasets for validation purposes. Extensive experiments on these datasets demonstrate our synthetic datasets’ effectiveness, superior quality, and their value as a benchmark dataset for further point cloud research.
Adaptive Weighted Coherence Ratio Approach for Industrial Explosion Damage Mapping: Application to the 2015 Tianjin Port Incident
Authors: Su Zhe , Fan Chun
Published: November 2024

The 2015 Tianjin Port chemical explosion highlighted the severe environmental and structural impacts of industrial disasters. This study presents an Adaptive Weighted Coherence Ratio technique, a novel approach for assessing such damage using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Our method overcomes limitations in traditional techniques by incorporating temporal and spatial weighting factors—such as distance from the explosion epicenter, pre- and post-event intervals, and coherence quality—into a robust framework for precise damage classification. This approach effectively captures extreme damage scenarios, including crater formation in inner blast zones, which are challenging for conventional coherence scaling. Through a detailed analysis of the Tianjin explosion, we reveal asymmetric damage patterns influenced by high-rise buildings and demonstrate the method’s applicability to other industrial disasters, such as the 2020 Beirut explosion. Additionally, we introduce a technique for estimating crater dimensions from coherence profiles, enhancing assessment in severely damaged areas. To support structural analysis, we model air pollutant dispersal using HYSPLIT simulations. This integrated approach advances SAR-based damage assessment techniques, providing rapid reliable classifications applicable to various industrial explosions, aiding disaster response and recovery planning.
Automating the Derivation of Sugarcane Growth Stages from Earth Observation Time Series
Authors: Joshi Neha , Simms Daniel M. , Burgess Paul J.
Published: November 2024

Sugarcane is a high-impact crop used in the majority of global sugar production, with India being the second largest global producer. Understanding the timing and length of sugarcane growth stages is critical to improving the sustainability of sugarcane management. Earth observation (EO) data have been shown to be sensitive to the variation in sugarcane growth, but questions remain as to how to reliably extract sugarcane phenology over wide areas so that this information can be used for effective management. This study develops an automated approach to derive sugarcane growth stages using EO data from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellite data in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The developed method is then evaluated in the State of Telangana. Normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) EO data from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 were pre-processed to filter out clouds and to harmonise sensor response. Pixel-based cloud filtering was selected over filtering by scene in order to increase the temporal frequency of observations. Harmonising data from two different sensors further increased temporal resolution to 3–6 days (70% of sampled fields). To automate seasonal decomposition, harmonised signals were resampled at 14 days, and low-frequency components, related to seasonal growth, were extracted using a fast Fourier transform. The start and end of each season were extracted from the time series using difference of Gaussian and were compared to assessments based on visual observation for both Unit 1 (R2 = 0.72–0.84) and Unit 2 (R2 = 0.78–0.82). A trapezoidal growth model was then used to derive crop growth stages from satellite-measured phenology for better crop management information. Automated assessments of the start and the end of mid-season growth stages were compared to visual observations in Unit 1 (R2 = 0.56–0.72) and Unit 2 (R2 = 0.36–0.79). Outliers were found to result from cloud cover that was not removed by the initial screening as well as multiple crops or harvesting dates within a single field. These results demonstrate that EO time series can be used to automatically determine the growth stages of sugarcane in India over large areas, without the need for prior knowledge of planting and harvest dates, as a tool for improving sustainable production.
Spatio-Temporal Generalization of VIS-NIR-SWIR Spectral Models for Nitrogen Prediction in Sugarcane Leaves
Authors: Silva Carlos Augusto Alves Cardoso , Rizzo Rodnei , da Silva Marcelo Andrade , Caron Matheus Luís , Fiorio Peterson Ricardo
Published: November 2024

Nitrogen fertilization is a challenging task that usually requires intensive use of resources, such as fertilizers, management and water. This study explored the potential of VIS-NIR-SWIR remote sensing for quantifying leaf nitrogen content (LNC) in sugarcane from different regions and vegetative stages. Conducted in three regions of São Paulo, Brazil (Jaú, Piracicaba and Santa Maria), the research involved three experiments, one per location. The spectral data were obtained at 140, 170, 200, 230 and 260 days after cutting (DAC). From the hyperspectral data, clustering analysis was performed to identify the patterns between the spectral bands for each region where the spectral readings were made, using the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) algorithm. Then, the LNC values were used to generate spectral models using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). Subsequently, the generalization of the models was tested with the leave-one-date-out cross-validation (LOOCV) technique. The results showed that although the variation in leaf N was small, the sensor demonstrated the ability to detect these variations. Furthermore, it was possible to determine the influence of N concentrations on the leaf spectra and how this impacted cluster formation. It was observed that the greater the average variation in N content in each cluster, the better defined and denser the groups formed were. The best time to quantify N concentrations was at 140 DAC (R2 = 0.90 and RMSE = 0.74 g kg−1). From LOOCV, the areas with sandier soil texture presented a lower model performance compared to areas with clayey soil, with R2 < 0.54. The spatial generalization of the models recorded the best performance at 140 DAC (R2 = 0.69, RMSE = 1.18 g kg−1 and dr = 0.61), decreasing in accuracy at the crop-maturation stage (260 DAC), R2 of 0.05, RMSE of 1.73 g kg−1 and dr of 0.38. Although the technique needs further studies to be improved, our results demonstrated potential, which tends to provide support and benefits for the quantification of nutrients in sugarcane in the long term.
Reconstruction of 30 m Land Cover in the Qilian Mountains from 1980 to 1990 Based on Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Wang Xiaoya , Zhong Bo , Ao Kai , Du Bailin , Hu Longfei , Cai He , Qiao Yang , Wu Junjun , Yang Aixia , Wu Shanlong , Liu Qinhuo
Published: November 2024

Long time series of annual land cover with fine spatio-temporal resolutions play a crucial role in studying environmental climate change, biophysical modeling, carbon cycling models, and land management. Despite a strong consistency exhibited by several publicly available medium to fine resolution global land cover datasets, significant discrepancies exist at the regional scale; moreover, only every 5/10 year land cover were available. Consequently, high-quality annual land cover datasets before 2000 are unavailable in China. In this study, we proposed a deep learning-based method by integrating multiple remote sensing data from different platforms with historical high spatial resolution land cover datasets (CNLUCC) to derive the 30 m annual land cover maps from 1980 to 1990 for Qilian Mountain. First, the super-resolution generative adversarial network models for upscaling the 5.5 km AVHRR NDVI to 250 m were established by employing the AVHRR and MODIS NDVI data with the same year as input, and the early time series AVHRR NDVI data were subsequently upscaled to 250 m through the above models. Second, the breaks for the additive seasonal and trend (BFAST) change detection algorithm was applied to the upscaled time series NDVI data to detect the change time of different land cover types. Third, the CNLUCC data in 1980 and 1990 were updated to annual land cover datasets from 1980 to 1990 and the annual mapping results provided insights into the dynamic processes of urbanization, deforestation, water bodies, and farmland from 1980 to 1990. Finally, comprehensive analysis and validation were carried out for evaluation and an overall accuracy of 77.26% for the land cover product in 1986 was achieved.
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Hydraulic System Based on Multiscale One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks with Multiattention Mechanism
Authors: Sun Jiacheng , Ding Hua , Li Ning , Sun Xiaochun , Dong Xiaoxin
Published: November 2024

Hydraulic systems are critical components of mechanical equipment, and effective fault diagnosis is essential for minimizing maintenance costs and enhancing system reliability. In practical applications, data from hydraulic systems are collected with varying sampling frequencies, coupled with complex interdependencies within the data, which poses challenges for existing fault diagnosis algorithms. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes an intelligent fault diagnosis of a hydraulic system based on a multiscale one-dimensional convolution neural network with a multiattention mechanism (MA-MS1DCNN). The proposed method first extracts features from multirate data samples using a parallel 1DCNN with different receptive fields. Next, a Hybrid Attention Module (HAM) is proposed, consisting of two submodules: the Correlation Attention Module (CAM) and the Importance Attention Module (IAM), which aim to meticulously and comprehensively model the complex relationships between channel features. Subsequently, to effectively utilize the feature information of different frequencies, the HAM is integrated into the 1DCNN to form the MA-MS1DCNN. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated and experimentally compared using the UCI hydraulic system dataset. The results demonstrate that, compared to existing methods such as Shapelet, MCIFM, and CNNs, the proposed method shows superior diagnostic performance.