bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel heterozygous PKD1 variant causing alternative splicing in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Zhao Qianying , Tan Yu , Xiao Xiao , Xiang Qinqin , Yang Mei , Wang He , Liu Shanling
Published: June 2023

Background

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is mainly caused by pathogenic variants of PKD1 and PKD2. Compared to PKD2‐related patients, patients with PKD1 pathogenic variants have more severe symptoms, present a gradual decline in renal function, and finally progress to end‐stage kidney disease with an earlier mean onset age.

Methods

In this study, trio exome sequencing (ES) was performed to reveal the genetic etiology in a Chinese family clinically diagnosed with polycystic kidney, followed by validation through Sanger sequencing on both genomic DNA and cDNA levels. Subsequently, targeted preimplantation genetic testing was provided for the family.

Results

A novel heterozygous PKD1 variant (c.1717_1722+11del) was detected in the proband and other clinically‐affected relatives. Interestingly, cDNA sequencing demonstrated that the variant, despite being annotated as non‐frameshift within exon 8, impacted the splicing of PKD1. Two abnormal transcription products were formed: one induced frameshift, while the other caused 133 amino acids to be inserted between exon 8 and exon 9.

Conclusions

Our study revealed a novel PKD1 variant using ES as the cause of ADPKD in a Chinese family with multiple affected members. The variant at the exon‐intron boundary would induce alternative splicing, which should not be excluded from genetic analysis. Validated on the cDNA level could provide more comprehensive genetic information for disease stratification. And the novel variant expands the spectrum of PKD1 variants in ADPKD. The recurrent risk could be blocked accordingly for the families' offspring.
A negative‐resistance oscillator using dual‐cavity based on SISL technology
Authors: Han Jingwen , Ma Kaixue , Yan Ningning
Published: June 2023

This article presents a low‐phase noise negative resistance oscillator using the dual‐cavity resonator (DCR) based on substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) technology. Two air cavities are stacked without increasing the footprint areas of the oscillator. A coupling hole is introduced to realize weak coupling between the two air cavities. The DCR can enhance the roll‐off of the equivalent resonator. The measured Q factor of the DCR is increased by 15% compared with the single cavity resonator. The measured phase noise of the designed oscillator is −135.32 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier frequency of 12.44 GHz, and the measured FOM at 1 MHz offset is −204 dBc/Hz. Besides, the designed oscillator based on SISL technology has the advantages of low cost, compact size, and self‐packaging properties.
Design of switchable dual‐band frequency‐selective rasorber/absorber
Authors: Ding Dajun , Xue Zhenghui , Ren Wu , Li Weiming
Published: June 2023

This article presents a novel design of a switchable dual‐band frequency‐selective rasorber/absorber, which is a double‐layered structure. At the top layer, two electric‐field‐coupled resonators with different size are utilized to achieve two transmission bands. At the bottom, to achieve low insertion loss, the frequency‐selective surface based on slots with different lengths resonates at the same frequency as the top layer. By controlling the bias voltage of PIN diodes, the structure can be switched between dual‐band rasorber/absorber mode. The operating principle is analyzed by an equivalent circuit model. When the diodes are in the OFF state, it shows two transmission bands at 2.86 GHz with 0.47 dB insertion loss and 3.61 GHz with 1.04 dB insertion loss. When the diodes are in the ON state, it exhibits a wide fractional absorption bandwidth of 90.1%. Meanwhile, the proposed dual‐band switchable structure is fabricated and measured. There is a good agreement between simulation and measurement.
Reflector‐based highly isolated dual‐polarized multibeam antenna
Authors: Wang Hong , Zhang Liqiang , Zhang Huan , Fang Xinrui , Fang Liang , Song Lizhong
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a dual‐polarized multibeam antenna in X‐band is designed and physically fabricated using a parabolic reflector. The antenna consists of a feed array and a metal reflector. A dual‐polarized microstrip antenna array combining two design approaches, T‐coupled feed and defective ground structure, is adopted as the feed array to improve polarization isolation. In addition, the electromagnetic bandgap structure is loaded between the antenna units to reduce the mutual coupling and improve the isolation between the units. A nine element of the highly‐isolated dual‐polarized microstrip antenna array is designed to be placed on the focal plane of the parabolic reflector as the feed, and the beam deflection is realized by using the lateral defocus effect of the parabolic plane, which can finally realize nine single beams covering a 30° scanning range in both horizontal and vertical polarization modes. Based on the scanning state of multiple point beams, this paper uses the Fourier series for beam assignment to form a flat‐top beam with a wide scanning angle. The application of the antenna with two operating modes of wide beam and multibeam to navigational satellite systems can greatly improve the accuracy and efficiency of navigation.
A multibeam folded transmitarray antenna at Ku‐band
Authors: Song Wenke , Ding Haibing , Cai Yang , Guo Naining , Liu Kegang , Li Sen , Zhang Bin , Xue Qianzhong
Published: June 2023

In this letter, a multibeam folded transmitarray antenna based on an improved phase matching method is presented. A Ku‐band magneto‐electric dipole antenna is designed as the primary source for the proposed antenna. Besides, a Fabry–Perot metasurface with high transmission efficiency is proposed. Finally, a multibeam folded transmitarray antenna is designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. By exciting different ports, the proposed antenna achieves a ±25° scanning range. The impedance bandwidth is 14%, and the measured peak gain is 23.5 dBi, which means the aperture efficiency is about 17.8%. Measured results show that the proposed antenna achieves a good multibeam performance while maintaining a low profile.
Formulated feeds prolong the reproductive period of a cultured echinoid
Authors: Warren Emily M. , Curtis Lyanne J. F. , Cross Stephen F. , Zaklan Duff Stefanie D. , Pearce Christopher M.
Published: June 2023

Objective

The production of echinoid larvae and juveniles is required in both wild-population enhancement programs and full life-cycle culture. Many echinoid species of commercial interest spawn only once or twice a year, however, restricting temporal access to viable broodstock. High-energy/high-protein formulated feeds have been used for gonad enhancement of a variety of echinoid species, but the goal of that activity has always been to produce premature gonads, which the market requires, not the production of mature gonads for breeding. The present investigation, originally established to examine gonad enhancement, took advantage of a spawning event to assess the efficacy of a formulated feed to extend the spawning period or reduce gonad recovery time after spawning in a commercially relevant echinoid, the green sea urchin Strongylocentrous droebachiensis.

Methods

Urchins held in suspended sea cages were fed either a formulated, commercial, pelleted urchin diet or bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana over 12 weeks, with survival, somatic growth, gonad quantity (wet weight, yield), and gonad quality (presence/absence of gametes) being examined over time.

Result

Survivorship after 12 weeks was high, little difference being observed between the two diets (mean ± SE: 98.2 ± 1.1% and 95.9 ± 1.9% for kelp and formulated feed, respectively). There was no significant difference in somatic growth between the two treatments, but the formulated feed led to significantly higher gonad wet weight and yield than kelp at the end of the study. When compared with kelp, the formulated feed may have led to earlier spawning and quicker gonad recovery and prevented the complete spawning of all urchins, thus extending the period of gamete availability.

Conclusion

Formulated feeds may have the potential to maintain reproductively active broodstock over an extended time, allowing expansion of the period in which echinoid larvae and juveniles can be produced.
Comparative analysis of hemato-biochemical profile, growth performance, and body composition of Common Carp cultured under different feed and habitats (biofloc technology and earthen pond systems)
Authors: Habib Syed Sikandar , Batool Aima Iram , Rehman Muhammad Fayyaz Ur , Naz Saira
Published: June 2023

Objective

In the current study, a 4-month experiment was conducted to investigate how two regularly used commercial feeds and two different environments (pond and biofloc systems) influence the haemato-biochemical profile of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio.

Methods

Feeds (crude protein levels 30% and 28%) were selected due to their common use for carp culturing in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Weekly surveys were conducted on the two fish farming systems, where the fish fed on different diets twice a day at 3% of their body weight. Water quality parameters were appropriate throughout the study. Haemato-biochemical parameters were measured using standard protocol. In addition, the growth and muscle composition of Common Carp (initial average body weight ± SD of 15.2 ± 0.9 g) were also evaluated.

Result

According to the results, the number of haemato-biochemical parameters, growth rate, and body muscle composition of fish fed on feed A compared to feed B was significantly higher (p < 0.05). However, on the basis of habitat, the haemato-biochemical parameters, growth rate, and muscle composition were mostly significantly greater in biofloc fish compared to pond fish with a low mortality rate. Additionally, the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase results in both systems were nonsignificant (p > 0.05). Further, the protein content of both feeds was positively related to the length and weight gain of the fish. As shown by the regression R2 and p-value, crude protein in both feeds is more effective in biofloc technology.

Conclusion

Hence, feed A and biofloc technology were proved to be more suitable for the fish blood profile, growth parameters, and muscle composition. The current study provides the basic knowledge necessary to observe fish blood profile, growth, and muscle composition, which could be vital to understanding fish culture management and environmental factors.
A qualitative exploration of Irish nursing students' experiences of caring for the dying patient
Authors: Hardie Philip , McCabe Catherine , Timmins Fiona , Thompson David R.
Published: June 2023

Aim

To explore Irish nursing students' experiences of caring for dying patients and their families to understand these experiences and determine whether or not students felt prepared for this role.

Design

This study used a qualitative descriptive research design.

Methods

One to one semi‐structured interviews were used to collect data, implementing open‐ended questions to explore seven student nurses' experiences.

Results

Five main themes emerged: Student's first experiences, emotional experience of caring, educational preparation, challenging aspects of caring for dying patients and their families and need for support in practice. Students' first experience of caring for a dying patient and their family was a confronting event for students, both personally and professionally. Nursing students require adequate and timely education on end of life care and a practical and supportive clinical learning environment to effectively support and prepare students for caring for a dying patient and their family.
Student perception and performance with self‐guided learning in soil science laboratory courses
Authors: Wolters Bethany , Angel Hannah , Lepcha Isaac
Published: June 2023

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, preexisting soil science laboratories were redesigned for self‐guided learning (SGL). The SGL laboratories occurred on‐campus during the fall 2020 semester in two introductory soil science courses at the University of Tennessee at Martin and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Students carried out the activities by visiting multiple outdoor sites on campus, individually or in pairs, without the instructor. Students accomplished this by following instructions provided on location sign boards and instruction manuals. We evaluated student perceptions of the SGL laboratories using an optional qualitative survey that students completed post‐laboratory and student performance on SGL activities using rubrics. Our results showed that students found the difficulty level and amount of time required for the SGL laboratories to be equal to traditional in‐person laboratories. Most students found the SGL laboratories enjoyable or very enjoyable because of the flexibility and hands‐on learning outdoors. Students recommended more SGL laboratories during and after the pandemic, preferably accompanied by frequent student–instructor interaction. Rubric analysis showed that SGLs were best suited for practicing previously learned skills in practical contexts and learning simple skills and concepts, but students did not perform well with complex and abstract concepts. Overall, students were able to successfully complete SGL laboratory activities in a hands‐on yet socially distanced way. The results suggest that SGLs can be implemented in post‐pandemic lectures and laboratory courses designed for hands‐on learning in a distance learning format.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or upfront surgery in hepatoblastoma: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Tian Yu , Chen Xinghai , Yu Fan , Feng Jiayi , Huang Guimin , Ren Xianghai , Hu Huimin , Zhang Weiling , Li Long
Published: June 2023

Background

We retrospectively investigated the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in low‐risk patients with hepatoblastoma (HB) who underwent curative resection between February 2009 and December 2017. We also verified the feasibility of the risk stratification system to select the optimal patients for upfront surgery.

Procedure

We compared 5‐year overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) between the upfront surgery (n = 26) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 104) groups at three oncology centers in Beijing, China. To reduce the effect of covariate imbalance, propensity score matching (PSM) was used. We explored whether preoperative chemotherapy affected surgical outcomes and identified the risk factors for events and death, including resection margin status, PRETreatment EXTent of disease stages, age, sex, pathology classification, and α‐fetoprotein levels.

Results

The median follow‐up period was 64 (interquartile range 60–72) months. After PSM, 22 pairs of patients were identified, and the patient characteristics were similar for all variables included in PSM. In the upfront surgery group, the 5‐year EFS and OS rates were 81.8% and 86.3%, respectively. In the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, the 5‐year EFS and OS rates were 81.8% and 90.9%, respectively. No significant differences in EFS or OS were observed between the groups. Pathological classification was the only risk factor for death, disease progression, tumor recurrence, other tumors found during HB diagnosis, and death from any cause (p = .007 and .032, respectively).

Conclusions

Upfront surgery achieved long‐term disease control in low‐risk patients with resectable HB, thus reduced the cumulative toxicity of platinum‐based chemotherapy drugs.
First‐trimester screening strategies: A balance between costs, efficiency and diagnostic yield
Authors: Bardi Francesca , Kagan Karl Oliver , Bilardo Caterina Maddalena
Published: June 2023

Key points

What's already known about this topic?

An early scan at 11–13 + 6 weeks offers the ideal opportunity for a first detailed anatomical assessment of the fetus.

Non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is superior to the combined test to screen for common trisomies, especially trisomy 21, in both singleton and twin pregnancies.

What does this study add?

In first‐trimester screening strategies based on NIPT and ultrasound, many factors must be considered when choosing how to combine the two methods. We propose four screening strategies with different pro‐ and contra arguments.

The article may help choose the strategy that best fits local needs and health economic considerations.
Electrical conductivity and species distribution of aluminum chloride and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid electrolytes
Authors: Nahian Md Khalid , Reddy Ramana G.
Published: June 2023

Electrical conductivity (σ) of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (BMIC) ionic liquid (IL) was investigated as a function of temperature and AlCl3 mole fraction (
). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to measure the electrical conductivity. Composition of AlCl3:BMIC ionic liquid was varied by changing the
from 0 to 0.67. The temperature was changed from 70°C to 110°C at 10°C intervals. It was found that the electrical conductivity increases with an increase in temperature. Electrical conductivity increases with
from 0 to 0.5 and then starts to decrease after
= 0.5. A species concentration profile was developed based on thermodynamic model at room temperature for the IL containing
,
,
,
,
,
, and
at different
. The only anion species presents between 0 and 0.5
are
and
. Anions like
,
,
, and
are found at higher
. A good agreement between the model and the experimental data was obtained. The variations in anion concentration, molecular structure, and cation–anion interactions are to be the causes of the changes in electrical conductivity of AlCl3:BMIC system.
Esophageal lung complicated by recurrent pneumonia
Authors: Kumar Abhinandan , Babbar Sushant
Published: June 2023

A 6‐month‐old infant with recurrent respiratory infections, rapid breathing, and reduced air entry on the right side was diagnosed with congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (CBPFM). Imaging revealed a collapsed and underdeveloped right lung, with the right bronchus appearing to originate from the lower part of the esophagus. An esophagogram confirmed the diagnosis by showing contrast flowing freely from the lower esophagus to the right bronchus.
Hypophosphatemia in infants with severe bronchiolitis and association with length of mechanical ventilation
Authors: Lusteau Alessandra , Valla Frederic , Javouhey Etienne , Baudin Florent
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Electrolyte disorders occurs frequently in children with bronchiolitis. The aim of the present study was to describe the frequency of hypophosphatemia and to evaluate its association with length of mechanical ventilation in infants admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with bronchiolitis.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included infants aged between 7 days and 3 months admitted to a PICU between September 2018 and March 2020 and diagnosed with severe acute bronchiolitis requiring respiratory support. Infants with a chronic condition that could potentially be a confounding factor were excluded. The primary outcome was the frequency of hypophosphatemia (<1.55 mmol/L); the secondary outcomes were the frequency of hypophosphatemia during the PICU stay, and the association with length of mechanical ventilation (LOMV).

Results

Among the 319 infants admitted 178 had at least one phosphatemia value and were included in the study. The frequency of hypophosphatemia was 41% at PICU admission (61/148) and 46% during the PICU stay (80/172). The median [IQR] LOMV was significantly longer in children with hypophosphatemia at admission (109 [65–195] h vs. 67 [43–128] h, p = 0.007), and in multivariable linear regression lower phosphatemia at admission was associated with longer LOMV (p < 0.001) after controlling for severity (PELOD2 score) and weight.

Conclusion

Hypophosphatemia was frequent in infants with severe bronchiolitis admitted to a PICU and was associated with a longer LOMV.
Initial Photocarrier Generation Process in Organic Photovoltaics Observed with Light‐Triggered Time‐Domain Reflectometry
Authors: Mashiko Tomoaki , Takano Koki , Kaino Akira , Kuromasa Sou , Fujii Shintaro , Omori Tatsuya , Sakai Masatoshi , Kudo Kazuhiro , Mino Hirofumi
Published: June 2023

Herein, a time‐resolved electrical measurement is developed to observe the transient impedance of organic photovoltaics (OPV) and traced the initial photocarrier generation dynamics with the time region from 10 ns to 190 μs. A light‐triggered time‐domain reflectometry is adopted to observe the initial carrier dynamics in OPV by synchronizing rectangular light pulses from LED with a transient impedance probe pulse. Both the rising and recovery processes of OPV are observed in detail. The time evolution of the photocarrier distribution is calculated based on the diffusion–recombination scheme and is discussed in the initial process of photocarrier generation.
Incorporating Chaotropic/Kosmotropic Chemistries onto Plasmonic Nanoheater to Boost Steam Generation Beyond its Photothermal Property
Authors: Chong Carice , Tan Zher Nin , Boong Siew Kheng , Ang Zhi Zhong , Leong Shi Xuan , Lee Yih Hong , Li Haitao , Lee Hiang Kwee
Published: June 2023

Photothermal steam generation promises decentralized water purification, but current methods suffer from slow water evaporation even at high photothermal efficiency of ≈98%. This drawback arises from the high latent heat of vaporization that is required to overcome the strong and extensive hydrogen bonding network in water for steam generation. Here, light‐to‐vapor conversion is boosted by incorporating chaotropic/kosmotropic chemistries onto plasmonic nanoheater to manipulate water intermolecular network at the point‐of‐heating. The chaotropic‐plasmonic nanoheater affords rapid light‐to‐vapor conversion (2.79 kg m−2 h−1 kW−1) at ≈83% efficiency, with the steam generation rate up to 6‐fold better than kosmotropic platforms or emerging photothermal designs. Notably, the chaotropic‐plasmonic nanoheater also lowers the enthalpy of water vaporization by 1.6‐fold when compared to bulk water, signifying that a correspondingly higher amount of steam can be generated with the same energy input. Simulation studies unveil chaotropic surface chemistry is crucial to disrupt water hydrogen bonding network and suppress the energy barrier for water evaporation. Using the chaotropic‐plasmonic nanoheater, organic‐polluted water is purified at ≈100% efficiency, a feat otherwise challenging in conventional treatments. This study offers a unique chemistry approach to boost light‐driven steam generation beyond a material photothermal property.
[Ba4(S2)][ZnGa4S10]: Design of an Unprecedented Infrared Nonlinear Salt‐Inclusion Chalcogenide with Disulfide‐Bonds
Authors: Ding Kaixuan , Wu Hongping , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng , Yu Hongwei
Published: June 2023

Salt‐inclusion chalcogenides (SICs) have been receiving widespread attention due to their large second harmonic generation (SHG) responses and wide bandgaps, however most of them suffer from small birefringence limiting their technical application. Herein, by introducing the π‐conjugated (S2)2− units in the ionic guest of salt‐inclusion structure, the first disulfide‐bond‐containing SIC, [Ba4(S2)][ZnGa4S10] has been synthesized. It exhibits the widest bandgap up to 3.39 eV among polychalcogenides and strong SHG response as large as that of AgGaS2 (AGS). Importantly, its birefringence reaches a max value of 0.053@1064 nm among AGS‐like SICs, indicating it is a promising IR nonlinear optical (NLO) material. Theoretical calculations reveal that the π‐conjugated (S2)2− units and covalent GaS layers favor the enhanced birefringence and large SHG response. This work provides not only a new type of SIC for the first time, but also new lights on the design of IR NLO materials.
Analytic Efficiency Optimization of Solar Cells under Light Concentration in the Framework of the Single‐Diode Model
Authors: Brendel Rolf
Published: June 2023

Herein, concentrating solar cells are modeled with two recombination active contacts and a recombination active light absorber in the framework of the one‐diode model. The two contacts and the absorber contribute to a lumped series resistance and to a lumped recombination current. It is proven that varying the light concentration can be interpreted as iso‐selectivity scaling of the cell's resistance and the cell's recombination. As a consequence of that, the optimal efficiency of a concentrator cell is found at maximum combined selectivity of the two contacts and the absorber. Herein, analytic formulas are derived that calculate the optimal contact areas and the optimal light concentration level for achieving an optimum efficiency. The resulting formulas express the efficiency in terms of the selectivities of each contact and the selectivity of the absorber. These equations are used to calculate the optimum contact area fractions and the optimum light concentration level for Si solar cells of various material qualities with screen‐printed Al‐doped contacts and n‐type poly‐Si contacts on oxide. The efficiency results of the novel analytic and a conventional numeric optimization agree to the expected level of accuracy.
Reversibly Photoswitchable High‐Aspect Ratio Surfaces
Authors: Constante Gissela , Apsite Indra , Schönfeld Dennis , Pretsch Thorsten , Ionov Leonid
Published: June 2023

Herein, the fabrication of light‐sensitive high‐aspect ratio surfaces with switchable topography using melt‐electrowriting of shape‐memory polymers and deposition of light‐to‐heat converting black ink on it by dip coating is reported on. The lamellae exposed to low temperatures are hard and cannot be deformed by water droplets. The temperature reached upon illumination of surfaces is close to the melting point of the soft segment of the polyurethane that leads to softening of the polymer. Due to this, it is possible to locally deform and recover the light‐softened surface structures by water droplets deposited on lamellae. The deformed state can be fixed by cooling down resulting in the crystallization of the polymer. Thus, the reversibility of local deformation can be achieved. Finally, the application of the developed approach and materials for the fabrication of smart light‐controlled valves is demonstrated, which can be used for the controlled mixing of fluids in microfluidic devices.
Emergence of ATP‐ and GTP‐Binding Aptamers from Single RNA Sequences by Error‐Prone Replication and Selection**
Authors: Wachowius Falk , Porebski Benjamin T. , Johnson Christopher M. , Holliger Philipp
Published: June 2023

The spontaneous emergence of function from diverse RNA sequence pools is widely considered an important transition in the origin of life. Here we show that diverse sequence pools are not a prerequisite for the emergence of function. Starting five independent selection experiments each from a single RNA seed sequence ‐ comprising a central homopolymeric poly‐A (or poly‐U) segment flanked by different conserved primer binding sites ‐ we observe transformation (continuous drift) of the seeds into low diversity sequence pools by mutation, truncation and recombination without ever reaching that of a random pool even after 24 rounds. Upon continuous error prone replication and selection for ATP binding we isolate specific ATP‐ or GTP‐binding aptamers with low micromolar affinities. Our results have implications for early RNA evolution in the light of the high mutation rates associated with both non‐enzymatic and enzymatic prebiotic RNA replication.
Evaluating the influence of environmental and biological factors on migration behavior and residence duration of wild subyearling Chinook Salmon in a fjord estuary using miniature acoustic transmitters
Authors: Lingard Stephanie A. , Bass Arthur L. , Cook Katrina V. , Fortier Michelle , Price Geoffrey G. , Hinch Scott G.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Seaward migration and early marine residence are periods of high mortality in the lifecycle of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. The conservation of these species requires knowledge of habitat use patterns during early life to address survival bottlenecks. Using new miniaturized transmitters (V3 307-kHz tag; Innovasea Systems), we investigated the association between biological and environmental factors and the residence behavior of subyearling Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in a fjord estuary in British Columbia.

Methods

Tagged wild subyearling Chinook Salmon (n = 49; 67–95 mm) were experimentally released into an estuary. Using time-to-event analysis and model selection, we evaluated the association between biological (size, growth, day of release) and environmental (temperature, salinity, depth, discharge, tide direction) factors and estuary residence patterns.

Result

Of the 49 fish released, 36 were inferred to have exited the estuary successfully. In this sample of subyearling Chinook Salmon, the median residence duration was estimated to be 11.2 days (95% CI = 6.5–15.5). We found tide direction and salinity to be important factors influencing the probability of a fish leaving the estuary. Fish were 75% more likely to leave the estuary on an ebb tide. Higher salinity also increased the probability of a fish leaving the estuary. Fish successful in leaving the estuary displayed either direct or indirect movement patterns in the estuary, with most fish (71%) being indirect movers that made multiple trips upstream and downstream. Within the estuary, most movements occurred at night (76%), regardless of tide direction.

Conclusion

This study provides the first direct measure of estuary residence duration in wild subyearling Chinook Salmon and a valuable description of movement ecology in this age-class of fish. While this was a small study in a single year, our results indicate this estuary is likely a stopover habitat for larger subyearlings. Studies indicating the use of habitats by specific populations, as presented here, are integral to the design of habitat-based conservation measures for mobile species.
Ultrasonographic features of a histologically confirmed pilomatricoma in a dog
Authors: Fenet Marion , Zacharopoulou Maria , Garapin Bénédicte , Delverdier Maxence , Layssol‐Lamour Catherine
Published: June 2023

A 6‐year‐old, neutered, crossbreed, female dog was presented for a well‐defined subcutaneous mass on the head evolving for a year. An ultrasound exam revealed a well‐circumscribed, oval, heterogeneous and hyperechoic soft tissue mass, with hyperechoic internal foci, a hypoechoic peripheral rim, a cystic fluid component and a high vascularisation in colour Doppler. An isolated hair was also detected and removed from the fluid component. The mass was sampled and histological examination suggested a benign pilomatricoma. The owner declined further investigation and complete resection of the mass. This is the first report of ultrasonographic features of a pilomatricoma in a dog.
Different presentations of unerupted canine teeth in three juvenile dogs
Authors: Feuer Rebecca , Mulherin Brenda L.
Published: June 2023

Canine teeth should show evidence of eruption by the time a dog is 7 months old. Before 7 months of age, unerupted teeth in juvenile patients can often be overlooked due to varying eruption patterns. However, if a tooth has not demonstrated evidence of eruption by 7 months of age, it is considered abnormal. Differentials for unerupted teeth include congenital abnormalities causing tooth absence (anodontia, oligodontia or hypodontia), traumatic loss of a tooth and impaction of the tooth beneath either the gingiva or the alveolar bone and the gingiva. This case series explores three different presentations of unerupted teeth in juvenile dogs. All three dogs were under 10 months of age when they presented for evaluation and treatment.
Support for nonlead shot for dove hunting in Illinois
Authors: Ellis Matthew B. , Miller Craig A. , Vaske Jerry J.
Published: June 2023

Mourning doves are the most hunted game species in the United States. Mourning dove populations are declining, and the continued use of lead shot has been cited as one contributory factor. We examined the relationship between support for a ban on lead shot when dove hunting and 3 sets of variables: (1) beliefs about lead and steel shot, (2) prior dove hunting experiences, and (3) hunter demographics. Data were obtained from a mailed survey of 4,330 dove hunters in Illinois (response rate = 59%). Our results indicated that 81% of respondents were opposed to restrictions on the use of lead shot and these individuals believed that lead ammunition did not pose a risk to wildlife and that steel shot was less effective than lead shot. Supporters of banning lead shot were almost twice as likely to use steel shot, reported 2 fewer years hunting doves, went dove hunting 75% as much, and harvested 2/3 as many doves as those who opposed a ban. Consistent with social‐psychological theory, beliefs were the best predictors of whether an individual supported or opposed a ban, followed by dove hunting experiences and demographic variables.
Antillean manatee calves in captive rehabilitation change vocal behavior in anticipation of feeding
Authors: Ramos Eric Angel , Brady Beth , Lasala Jake Andrew , Liebschner Angus , Obbink Sander , Walker Zoe , Rebello Maegan , Magnasco Marcelo O.
Published: June 2023

Captive animals typically develop anticipatory behaviors, actions of increased frequency done in anticipation of an event such as feeding. Anticipatory behaviors can be an indicator of an animal's welfare. However, for rehabilitating animals that are expected to be reintroduced into the wild, these behaviors need to be extinguished to ensure successful release. Scheduled activities such as feeding occur daily and vocalizations could potentially be used to identify anticipatory behavior. Here, we tested the hypothesis that manatee calves modify their vocal production rate as a form of anticipatory behavior. Vocalizations of two Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) calves were recorded for 10 min before, during, and after feeding sessions at Wildtracks, a manatee rehabilitation center in Belize. The number of calls were counted across recording sessions and three acoustic parameters were measured from calls including duration, frequency modulation, and center frequency. A repeated measures ANOVA comparing the number of calls across sessions indicated manatees produced significantly more calls before feeding sessions than during and after sessions. In addition, manatees increased the duration and lowered the frequency of calls before feeding sessions. This information can give further insight on ways to improve rehabilitation protocols and manage human interactions to increase the overall survival rate of rehabilitated manatees when released back into the wild.
Why Am I Waiting? Data-Driven Analysis of Waiting Times in Business Processes
Authors: Lashkevich Katsiaryna , Milani Fredrik , Chapela-Campa David , Suvorau Ihar , Dumas Marlon
Published: June 2023

Waiting times in a business process often arise when a case transitions from one activity to another. Accordingly, analyzing the causes of waiting times of activity transitions can help analysts to identify opportunities for reducing the cycle time of a process. This paper proposes a process mining approach to decompose the waiting time observed in each activity transition into multiple direct causes and to analyze the impact of each identified cause on the cycle time efficiency of the process. An empirical evaluation shows that the proposed approach is able to discover different direct causes of waiting times. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated in a real-life process.
A Case Study on the Impact of Forensic-Ready Information Systems on the Security Posture
Authors: Daubner Lukas , Matulevičius Raimundas , Buhnova Barbora , Antol Matej , Růžička Michal , Pitner Tomas
Published: June 2023

While approaches aimed at developing forensic-ready systems are starting to emerge, it is still primarily a theoretical concept. This paper presents a case study of integrating forensic readiness capabilities into SensitiveCloud, an information system for storing and processing sensitive data. A risk-based approach to forensic readiness design is followed to achieve it. Consequently, weaknesses in both processes and systems are identified, and forensic readiness requirements are formulated. This case study reports on lessons learned in a practical implementation of a forensic-ready system, its impact on security, and its support towards ISO/IEC 27k.
Building Collaborative Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructure Protection: Empirical Evidence of Collective Intelligence Information Sharing Dynamics on ThreatFox
Authors: Jollès Eric , Gillard Sébastien , Percia David Dimitri , Strohmeier Martin , Mermoud Alain
Published: June 2023

This article describes three collective intelligence dynamics observed on ThreatFox, a free platform operated by abuse.ch that collects and shares indicators of compromise. These three dynamics are empirically analyzed with an exclusive dataset provided by the sharing platform. First, participants’ onboarding dynamics are investigated and the importance of building collaborative cybersecurity on an established network of trust is highlighted. Thus, when a new sharing platform is created by abuse.ch, an existing trusted community with ’power users’ will migrate swiftly to it, in order to enact the first sparks of collective intelligence dynamics. Second, the platform publication dynamics are analyzed and two different superlinear growths are observed. Third, the rewarding dynamics of a credit system is described - a promising incentive mechanism that could improve cooperation and information sharing in open-source intelligence communities through the gamification of the sharing activity. Overall, our study highlights future avenues of research to study the institutional rules enacting collective intelligence dynamics in cybersecurity. Thus, we show how the platform may improve the efficiency of information sharing between critical infrastructures, for example within Information Sharing and Analysis Centers using ThreatFox. Finally, a broad agenda for future empirical research in the field of cybersecurity information sharing is presented - an important activity to reduce information asymmetry between attackers and defenders.
Themenkarten für die Praxis, aus der Theorie
Authors: Locher Maximilian , Thomas Martina , Baecker Dirk , März Anna
Published: June 2023

Der Beitrag erläutert die im KILPaD-Projekt verwendeten Begriffe Organisation, Digitalisierung, Schnittstellenanalyse, Vision, Arbeit, Netzwerkorganisation, Oberflächen, Akzeptanz, Lernen, Innovation, Human und agil mit knappen Definitionen und Schaubildern. Er versucht, begriffliche Präzision mit anregender Reflexion zu verbinden. Keins der Themen ist abschließend zu behandeln. Jedes einzelne ist ein Türöffner für die Betrachtung von Veränderung.
Synthetic CTs for MRI-only brain RT treatment: integration of immobilization systems
Authors: Masitho Siti , Grigo Johanna , Brandt Tobias , Lambrecht Ulrike , Szkitsak Juliane , Weiss Alexander , Fietkau Rainer , Putz Florian , Bert Christoph
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Auxiliary devices such as immobilization systems should be considered in synthetic CT (sCT)-based treatment planning (TP) for MRI-only brain radiotherapy (RT). A method for auxiliary device definition in the sCT is introduced, and its dosimetric impact on the sCT-based TP is addressed.

Methods

T1-VIBE DIXON was acquired in an RT setup. Ten datasets were retrospectively used for sCT generation. Silicone markers were used to determine the auxiliary devices’ relative position. An auxiliary structure template (AST) was created in the TP system and placed manually on the MRI. Various RT mask characteristics were simulated in the sCT and investigated by recalculating the CT-based clinical plan on the sCT. The influence of auxiliary devices was investigated by creating static fields aimed at artificial planning target volumes (PTVs) in the CT and recalculated in the sCT. The dose covering 50% of the PTV (D50) deviation percentage between CT-based/recalculated plan (∆D50[%]) was evaluated.

Results

Defining an optimal RT mask yielded a ∆D50[%] of 0.2 ± 1.03% for the PTV and between −1.6 ± 3.4% and 1.1 ± 2.0% for OARs. Evaluating each static field, the largest ∆D50[%] was delivered by AST positioning inaccuracy (max: 3.5 ± 2.4%), followed by the RT table (max: 3.6 ± 1.2%) and the RT mask (max: 3.0 ± 0.8% [anterior], 1.6 ± 0.4% [rest]). No correlation between ∆D50[%] and beam depth was found for the sum of opposing beams, except for (45° + 315°).

Conclusion

This study evaluated the integration of auxiliary devices and their dosimetric influence on sCT-based TP. The AST can be easily integrated into the sCT-based TP. Further, we found that the dosimetric impact was within an acceptable range for an MRI-only workflow.
Radiosurgery for ventricular tachycardia (RAVENTA): interim analysis of a multicenter multiplatform feasibility trial
Authors: Krug David , Zaman Adrian , Eidinger Lina , Grehn Melanie , Boda-Heggemann Judit , Rudic Boris , Mehrhof Felix , Boldt Leif-Hendrik , Hohmann Stephan , Merten Roland , Buergy Daniel , Fleckenstein Jens , Kluge Anne , Rogge Annette , Both Marcus , Rades Dirk , Tilz Roland Richard , Olbrich Denise , König Inke R. , Siebert Frank-Andre , Schweikard Achim , Vonthein Reinhard , Bonnemeier Hendrik , Dunst Jürgen , Blanck Oliver
Published: June 2023

Background

Single-session cardiac stereotactic radiation therapy (SBRT) has demonstrated promising results for patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, the full safety profile of this novel treatment remains unknown and very limited data from prospective clinical multicenter trials are available.

Methods

The prospective multicenter multiplatform RAVENTA (radiosurgery for ventricular tachycardia) study assesses high-precision image-guided cardiac SBRT with 25 Gy delivered to the VT substrate determined by high-definition endocardial and/or epicardial electrophysiological mapping in patients with refractory VT ineligible for catheter ablation and an implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Primary endpoint is the feasibility of full-dose application and procedural safety (defined as an incidence of serious [grade ≥ 3] treatment-related complications ≤ 5% within 30 days after therapy). Secondary endpoints comprise VT burden, ICD interventions, treatment-related toxicity, and quality of life. We present the results of a protocol-defined interim analysis.

Results

Between 10/2019 and 12/2021, a total of five patients were included at three university medical centers. In all cases, the treatment was carried out without complications. There were no serious potentially treatment-related adverse events and no deterioration of left ventricular ejection fraction upon echocardiography. Three patients had a decrease in VT episodes during follow-up. One patient underwent subsequent catheter ablation for a new VT with different morphology. One patient with local VT recurrence died 6 weeks after treatment in cardiogenic shock.

Conclusion

The interim analysis of the RAVENTA trial demonstrates early initial feasibility of this new treatment without serious complications within 30 days after treatment in five patients. Recruitment will continue as planned and the study has been expanded to further university medical centers.

Trial registration number

NCT03867747 (clinicaltrials.gov). Registered March 8, 2019. Study start: October 1, 2019.
Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Microplastics in Water and Mussels Sampled from Cape Town Harbour and Two Oceans Aquarium, South Africa
Authors: Sparks Conrad , Viljoen Nathalie , Hill Deen , Lassen Jonathan , Awe Adetunji
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to measure the characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics (MPs) in Cape Town Harbour (CTH) and the Two Oceans Aquarium (TOA) in Cape Town, South Africa from 2018 to 2020. Water and mussel MP samples were analyzed at 3 sites in CTH and TOA, respectively. Microplastics were mainly filamentous, black/grey and 1000–2000 μm in size. A total of 1778 MPs, averaging 7.50 (± 0.6 standard error of the mean, SEM) MPs/unit were recorded. Average MP concentrations were 10.3 ± 1.1 MPs/L in water and 6.27 ± 0.59 MPs/individual or, based on weight, 3.05 ± 1.09 MPs/g soft tissue wet weight in mussels. Average MPs in seawater in CTH (12.08 ± 1.3 SEM MPs/L) was significantly higher (4.61 ± 1.1 MPs/L) than inside the TOA (U = 536, p = 0.04). Various risk assessment calculations indicate that MPs in seawater poses a greater ecological risk than MPs in mussels at the sites sampled.
Comprehensive in vitro analysis evaluating the variable drug–drug interaction risk of rifampicin compared to rifabutin
Authors: Nilles Julie , Weiss Johanna , Sauter Max , Haefeli Walter E. , Ruez Stephanie , Theile Dirk
Published: June 2023

Compared to rifampicin (600 mg/day), standard doses of rifabutin (300 mg/day) have a lower risk of drug–drug interactions due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) or P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1) mediated by the pregnane X receptor (PXR). However, clinical comparisons with equal rifamycin doses or in vitro experiments respecting actual intracellular concentrations are lacking. Thus, the genuine pharmacological differences and the potential molecular mechanisms of the discordant perpetrator effects are unknown. Consequently, the cellular uptake kinetics (mass spectrometry), PXR activation (luciferase reporter gene assays), and impact on CYP3A4 and Pgp/ABCB1 expression and activity (polymerase chain reaction, enzymatic assays, flow cytometry) were evaluated in LS180 cells after treatment with different rifampicin or rifabutin concentrations for variable exposure times and eventually normalized to actual intracellular concentrations. In addition, inhibitory effects on CYP3A4 and Pgp activities were investigated. While rifampicin is poorly taken up by LS180 cells, it strongly activates PXR and leads to enhanced expression and activity of CYP3A4 and Pgp. In contrast, rifabutin is a significantly less potent and less efficient PXR activator and gene inducer, despite sixfold to eightfold higher intracellular accumulation. Finally, rifabutin is a potent inhibitor of Pgp (IC50 = 0.3 µM) compared to rifampicin (IC50 = 12.9 µM). Together, rifampicin and rifabutin significantly differ by their effects on the regulation and function of CYP3A4 and Pgp, even when controlled for intracellular concentrations. Rifabutin’s concurrent Pgp inhibitory action might partly compensate the inducing effects, explaining its weaker clinical perpetrator characteristics.