bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The current ecological and biological state of the adventive flora of the Sviyaga River basin
Authors: Frolov Daniil Anatolievich
Published: December 2020

The paper provides information about the adventive fraction of the flora of the Sviyaga River basin, the right-hand tributary of the Volga, which flows administratively through the territory of two constituent entities of the Russian Federation - the Ulyanovsk Region and the Republic of Tatarstan. Currently, according to the results of perennial floristic studies, 341 species of vascular plants belonging to 216 genera and 64 families are assigned to the adventive fraction of flora. The distribution of adventive flora species by time, method of introduction and degree of naturalization is analyzed, which showed that the majority of the adventive fraction of flora penetrated into the studied area over the past 100 years due to the expansion of the transport network, intensive trade and active urbanization, while aliens occupied mostly disturbed habitats, often becoming elements integrated into natural communities of nature. In addition to the distribution of adventist species over time, the method of introduction and the degree of naturalization, an important indicator is the adaptation of these plants to the local conditions of the Sviyaga River Basin in natural ecosystems, which is reflected in their distribution by cenomorphs in the study area. As part of the adventive flora, 9 ecological-cenotic groups were identified, indicating, on the one hand, which communities are most favorable for naturalization in accordance with the life strategy, and on the other, it indicates their disturbance.
A methodical approach to the ecological status evaluation of water bodies using the complex index of water quality on the example of the Middle Priobye
Authors: Shornikova Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with a methodical approach and experience of water quality complex index ( Iwq ) use for the evaluation of ecological status of surface water bodies by results of rivers monitoring within the Middle Ob basin during 2002-2018. This index allows to use such primary information as results of water chemistry analyses, parameters of structure of microbial community and other available data obtained for each sample site on various water bodies within the basin. The main evaluation criterion for calculating this index is a degree of a deviation of each controlled indicator from average value of this indicator for all explored water area within the basin. Water bodies (or their sites) can be classified to 5 various classes of water quality using the calculated values of the index. Such a methodical approach allows to carry out comparative estimation of an ecological condition of water bodies and their sites within the area, to map the obtained data, to analyze possible reasons of deterioration of water ecosystem state, to manage decisions on their restoration. The paper presents the results of the water quality complex index use for rivers within the Middle Ob basin, calculated on the base of indicators of the chemical composition of water and number of bacteria of various ecological and trophic groups in the structure of microbial community.
Ceramics making technology from the Eneolithic layers of Rakushechny Yar settlement
Authors: Vasilieva Irina Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The paper contains the results of the technical and technological analysis of ceramics from the Eneolithic layers of the Rakushechny Yar settlement. It is located on the Porechny Island (the Don River, Rostov Region, Russian Federation). The methodological basis of the conducted research is a historical and cultural approach to the study of ancient ceramics, developed in Russian archeology by A.A. Bobrinsky. The methods of the research are binocular microscopy, trasology and experiment (physical modeling). 141 samples of ceramics (conditionally separate vessels) from layers 5-2 of Rakushechny Yar were subjected to a microscopic examination. The obtained technological information allowed us to reconstruct techniques and methods of Eneolithic utensils manufacturing at all stages of production - preparatory, creative and fortifying stages of pottery technology. Based on these data, the paper presents a general description of the Eneolithic pottery. A comparative analysis was made of the pottery technology of the Neolithic and Eneolithic population that inhabited the Rakushechny Yar site. According to its results, the similarities and differences of the Eneolithic and Neolithic pottery traditions are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the question of the possible origins of new traditions, which became widespread during the Eneolithic. These include silty clays selection traditions, the introduction of artificial additives into the molding composition: crushed shell, bird fluff and sand.
The results of the Fatyanovo-Balanovo and the late Volosovo population contacts in pottery traditions
Authors: Volkova Elena Vitalievna
Published: December 2020

Due to the Historical-and-Cultural approach to ancient ceramics studies the development of mixed pottery traditions reflects the amalgamation of the very bearers of these traditions. Taken as a problem, the study of populations contacts with different levels of pottery production is specific for a wide variety of territories and chronological periods. In the Upper and Middle Volga region the problem manifests itself in appearance of the mixed pottery traditions (morphological as well as technological ones) as a result of contacts between the Fatyanovo-Balanovo population and the late Volosovo population. So-called Fatyanoid (or Fatyanovo-like) pottery that demonstrates features of the Volosovo and the Fatyanovo-Balanovo cultural traditions emerges in the process of amalgamation. A.A. Spitsyn, M.E. Foss, N.N. Gurina, I.V. Gavrilova, O.S. Gadzyatskaya and other researchers paid their attention to the problem. Based on the study of pottery collected at a number of archeological monuments including pottery from unfortified settlements - Nikolo-Perevoz I and II, Sakhtysh I, II, IV, Dikarikha, Iberdus I, Lipovka I and Galankina Gora - the author distinguishes three groups of the Fatyanoid (Fatyanovo-like) pottery: group I includes pottery with mixed Fatyanovo and Oshpandino traditions, group II includes pottery with mixed Fatyanovo and late Volosovo traditions, and group III includes pottery with the Fatyanovo traditions mixed with traditions of the population that consisted of bearers of the Bronze Age culture which is hard to define. These groups are present nearly at all archeological monuments though Fatyanovo-like pottery predominates at every monument. The author distinguishes pottery traditions common to the second group and explains the reason of their differences found at different monuments.
The pottery of the final phase of sperrings culture
Authors: German Konstantin Enrikovich
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the poorly studied final period of the existence of Early Neolithic Sperrings culture. There are few settlements of this period - Voynavolok XX, Sandermoha II, Pindushi and Sulgu Va, they are presented in mixed complexes with proscenium stone tools and the absence of radiocarbon dates. No transitional complexes between the developed and final stages of the sperrings culture have been identified. The ceramics of the final stage has a number of differences from the classic sperrings. This lack of ornamentation imprints fish vertebra and the retreating lines. At the same time there are imprints of the corded stamps and oval (rhomboid) pits, round-conical pits marked on the main pattern - characteristic features of the advanced stage of the sperrings culture. The main ornament is horizontal zones inclined right and left with a short-cut or corded stamps, comb stamp or oval (rhomboid) pits that form a vertical zigzag lines coated on top of horizontal belts of round-conical pits, sometimes arranged in a staggered manner. Such a change of pottery decoration hasnt been noted by experts studying early Neolithic ceramics of Karelia due to a small number of vessels and their presence in mixed complexes. Therefore, the development of the sperrings culture is likely to have been continued in some areas of South Karelia, but it is poorly recorded due to the refusal of the ancient population to use a fish vertebra as ornamentation as well as the transition to comb stamps.
Analysis of the material culture and new radiocarbon dating of the Early Neolithic site of Amnya I
Authors: Dubovtseva Ekaterina Nikolaevna , Kosinskaya Lubov Lvovna , Piezonka Henny
Published: December 2020

The ancient fortified settlement of Amnya I is a unique Early Neolithic site in the northern taiga zone of Western Siberia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the Amnya river). It is located on a promontory and has three lines of defense and ten dwelling depressions. The structures of the excavated dwellings are very similar, though the artifact assemblage appears rather heterogeneous. We carried out a technical and technological analysis of ceramics, which showed no correlation between the texture, on the one hand, and the morphology and ornamentation of pots on the other one. Planiographic analysis of ceramics showed that vessels with comb and incising patterns are found in different dwellings, although there are objects in which both groups lie together. Various categories of stone implements (bladelets and polished arrowheads) also appear on different parts of the settlement. Most likely, the observed differences in the artefact complexes of objects are associated with the stages of the functioning of the settlement. The absolute chronology does not yet clarify the sequence of erection and existence of objects. New AMS date is probably vulnerable to a significant reservoir effect. The abundance of unsolved issues of absolute and relative chronology makes the resumption of research on this unique site urgent.
The question of «vestigial Neolithic» forest-steppe Don
Authors: Stavitsky Vladimir Vyacheslavovich
Published: December 2020

The concept of vestigial Neolithic was presented by A.T. Sinyuk in his thesis and hasnt undergone any significant changes. It was based on statistical and stratigraphic observations of Universitetskaya 3 settlement. Here three Neolithic stages and the fourth stage vestigial Neolithic were identified. Its beginning was connected with the appearance of the population of the lower Don Eneolithic culture on the Middle Don, which contacted with the tribes of fish culture. The findings were based on the assumption that the economy of the Rybnoserskaya culture was appropriating, while the economy of the Nizhnedonskaya culture was producing. The possibility of their coexistence was explained by the rich ecological resources of the forest-steppe Don, as well as the focus on the extraction of different food resources. New materials have not confirmed the Neolithic nature of the Nizhnedonskaya culture. The topography of the settlements indicates that both local and alien tribes occupied the same ecological niche. The beginning of the Eneolithic period on the Middle Don should be associated with the Middle Eastern culture, the population of which displaced or assimilated the aborigines. There wasnt any period of coexistence of Eneolithic and Neolithic (survivable) cultures either on the Middle Don, or in the forest-steppe Volga region.
Middle-Don Neolithic culture: problems of selection, chronology and periodization
Authors: Surkov Aleksey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the main results of the Middle-Don Neolithic culture study. The contribution of A.T. Sinyuk is noted. The paper also contains some evolution of his views on the content of the early stage of the culture. So, the first periodization, done in 1971 as a result of Universitetskaya III site study, was then adjusted, especially after the excavations of Monastyrskaya I site. The culture chronology according to modern concepts fits into the IV-V millennium BC. The origin of the Middle-Don culture is debatable. New absolute dating allows us to consider the early stage in the first half of the VI - third quarter of the VI millennium BC and associate it with the first monuments with stroke ceramics and plate stone inventory. The author notes that there was an interaction of the Middle Don population with the Karamyshevsky population at the early stage. During the last quarter of the VI - first quarter of V millennium BC stroke-ornamented-comb ware spread, ornament completely filled the outer surface of the vessels. Late stage - second quarter V - end V millennium BC, the syncretic types were formed. Vestigial stage - the beginning of IV millennium BC, there was an end of Middle-Don traditions, they were rare in the Rybnoozersky type of ceramics.
Neolithic complexes of the Koksharovsky hill: genesis, stages of development and cultural continuity
Authors: Shorin Alexander Fedorovich , Shorina Anastasia Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the problems of evolution and cultural continuity of the Neolithic complexes of archaeological site Koksharov Hill - Yurynskoye settlement. The basis for solving these problems is the presence of all types of Neolithic ceramics from the Trans-Ural region in the cultural strata of this complex: Koshkinskaya, Koksharovsko-Yuryinskaya (Kozlovskaya), Poludenskaya, Basyanovskaya (Boborykinskaya). Each of them has a reliable time reference, based on both stratigraphic observations and a solid base of radiocarbon dates including 54 received dates. The beginning of the Neolithic epoch on the monument is connected with the formation of the complexes of the Koshkinskaya archaeological culture no later than the third - the last quarter of the 7th millennium BC. At the same time, not later than the very beginning of the 6th millennium BC, complexes of the Koksharovsko-Yuryinskaya archaeological culture appeared. The indented strokes technique of ornamentation dominates in the design of ceramic ware of these cultures. But in the ornamentation of the vessels of the Koksharovsko-Yuryinskaya culture there are more features that go back to the local Mesolithic basis. A distinctive feature of both cultures is the presence of vessels with relief to stick. The population of these cultures existed, often in the framework of exogamous groups, during the early stage of the Neolithic region, before the 6th-5th, and even the first quarter of the 5th millennium BC, when they were re-registered in the Late Neolithic Poludenskaya and Basyanovkaya. Radiocarbon dates obtained from fragments of ceramics of the Ayatskaya culture, which fit into the interval of the third - last quarter of the 5th millennium BC, mark the beginning of the Eneolithic epoch on the monument.
Animal husbandry of the Urals regions in the conditions of the great Patriotic war
Authors: Bakhtiyarov Rustam Suleimanovich , Fedorova Alla Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with the role of animal husbandry in the history of the Ural economic region as the most important economic base of Russia, especially during the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945. The study contains materials characterizing the situation in the industry in the prewar period, estimates the processes taking place in the main areas of animal husbandry in the transition from the sole of the peasant way of organizing production to industrial technologies in the late 30s of XX century. During the collectivization in the Urals, as throughout the country, the number of productive animals suffered heavy losses. Only the number of small cattle in 1928-1935 decreased from 9,1 million heads to 3 million heads, i.e. 3 times. Realizing the harmfulness of such a policy, the Soviet leadership took vigorous measures to correct the situation. They allowed to significantly correct the situation, but in general by the beginning of the great Patriotic war, the full transition to the new principles of work in agriculture hadnt been carried out. When the war broke out the role of animal husbandry in the Urals in the USSR increased. At the beginning of 1941 the farms of the region contained from 5,1 to 8,3% of the population of the main agricultural animals of the country, then during the most difficult years of 1942-1943 this figure increased to 10,8 and even 18,6% of the total productive herd of the USSR. During this period, the livestock of the region gave up to 15% of all dairy products of the country and 13-14% of meat. Thus, the workers of animal husbandry of the Urals in the most difficult conditions of war time were able to save the bulk of the livestock and provide the army and defense industry of the region with the necessary food and raw materials.
Is a class approach to learn history out of date? Or... (invitation to a discussion)
Authors: Ippolitov Georgiy Mikhailovich
Published: December 2020

In the following paper the author disclosures some aspects of a complex problem. It is a class approach to the assessment of events and phenomena as one of the approaches to learn history. The style is lapidary, with conciseness elements. The author considers fundamental postulates of the Marxist-Leninist concept of a class approach to the assessment of events and phenomena as one of the approaches to learn history. The emphasis is placed here on Lenins understanding of the methodological phenomenon stated above and its development by ideologists of the Communist Party governing the Soviet state. Development of the studied concept in the Soviet historical science is traced. At the same time it is emphasized that eclecticism elements were allowed when scientists confused the concepts principles of a historical research and approaches to learn history. The author considers how the problem of a class approach to assessment of events and phenomena is treated in a Post-Soviet and modern historiography. The author says that this approach hasnt become outdated in historical science as many representatives of so-called liberal historical school consider (dont confuse with V.O. Klyuchevsky) and continues to function. However, it changed manifestation forms and receded a little into the background.
A model bioassay for influence of heavy metal salts toxicity on the viability of nodule-forming bacteria Rhizobium meliloti
Authors: Oznobikhina Anastasia Olegovna , Pershakov Anatoly Yuryevich , Yeremin Dmitry Ivanovich
Published: December 2020

The study consists of a bioassay of a medium experimentally contaminated with heavy metals using Rhizobium meliloti microorganisms as a test object. In vitro, the viability reaction of clover and alfalfa nodule bacteria to lead, cadmium, copper and zinc was established. The effect of the studied metals on the number of colonies depends on the concentration of the chemical element, physiological action of the microelement and biological characteristics of the strains used. The studies performed have determined a direct relationship of reducing the growth in the rhizobia colonies number of clover and alfalfa with an increase in the concentration of salts of heavy metals. Inhibition of the colonies number had a high regularity when the environment was contaminated with lead, copper and cadmium at a concentration of 0,3%; with a subsequent increase, complete death of microorganisms was observed. With the introduction of zinc into the nutrient medium in small concentrations, a positive resistance tendency of the clover and alfalfa bacteria was observed: thus, at 0,010,1% of the zinc salt content, the number of grown colonies was above the control level and amounted to 714987 pcs. at the control value of 578 pcs. In an environment with a concentration of zinc 0,5%, a significant decrease in the growth of clover rhizobia was noted up to 65 pieces of colonies. At the same time, in the alfalfa rhizobia colonies in these concentrations a lower degree of survival was observed and the environment of zinc 0,3% became critical.
Related Neolithic cultures of the Dnepr-Donetsk community of the Upper Dnepr region: common and distinctive features
Authors: Ezepenko Igor Nikolayevich
Published: December 2020

The paper provides data on two Neolithic cultures of the Upper Dnepr basin: the Dnepr-Donetsk and the Upper-Dnepr cultures. It addresses the main stages of historic study of the Neolithic sites on the right bank of the Dnepr and the middle and lower Sozh River area. Even now the problems related to the formation of early Neolithic complexes, the absolute chronology of the Dnepr-Donetsk culture in general, remain topical, especially for Eastern Polesye. Only the first steps have been attempted in terms of interdisciplinary study of the settlements of the Dnepr-Donetsk culture: a petrographic analysis of ceramics and radiocarbon dating of soot, a geomorphological and geochemical analysis of settlement structures in the micro-region of the Streshinskaya lowland. Despite the impressive historiographic data, the western and southern borders of the Upper Dnepr culture area, the morphological features of ceramic complexes, and the genesis of the culture based on local Mesolithic still remain controversial. Radical carbon data that appeared mainly due to the dating of soot on the walls of vessels of different periods in the culture development are also scarce. Traditionally for Belarus archaeological literature the author considers Neolithic sites of lower Pripyat as an east polessian variant.
The site Vavilino 1 on the right bank of the Derkul River in Western Kazakhstan (materials of 2018)
Authors: Mamirov Talgat Basarbaevich
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to preliminary data from a study of the Vavilino 1 site in Western Kazakhstan. The monument was first opened by N.M. Malov in 1986, later he picked artifacts from the surface in 1988. In 1991 N.L. Morgunova carried out excavations on the site, which showed the importance of this monument study to understand the Neolithic Volga-Ural interfluve. The monument is located on the right bank of the Derkul River and is currently classified as an emergency. In 2018, employees of the Institute of Archeology named after A.Kh. Margulan in the framework of the Stone Age study in Western Kazakhstan started to work on the monuments of Yeshkitau, Derkul 1 and Vavilino 1. At the Vavilino 1 site a small excavation area 16 square meters was made, more than a thousand stone artifacts were received; fragments of ceramics and bone remains of animals were poorly diagnosed. Excavations have shown the presence of a 1520 cm thick cultural layer belonging to the Neolithic time. The upper layer of the monument with a capacity of up to 30 cm was destroyed by anthropogenic activities in the past century. The material from the cultural layer is not numerous; tip scrapers, fragments of plates with retouching, geometrical microliths, prismatic nucleus for plates, etc. are typologically distinguished.
New Sarmatian grave on the left bank of the Lower Dniester
Authors: Simonenko Sergey Olegovich
Published: December 2020

In 2018, a secondary Sarmatian burial with an impressive inventory (molded pot, pottery jug, silver earring, necklace of beads) was discovered in the Scythian mound in the course of the study of the barrow group Garden near the Glinoe village, Slobodzeya region, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. Orientation of the buried head to the south-southeast is quite rare in the North-West Black Sea region. The cult of fire is fixed by the finds of three burned pebbles from the left to the head. A handmade pot combines features known for the dishes of a given cultural and chronological period. At the same time, the wave-like ornament in the upper part of the body was fixed only once on a similar vessel in the Danube-Dniester interfluve. Of particular interest is a pottery jug from the complex. Such forms were not previously known in the North-West Black Sea region. The closest analogies to the vessel come from the sites of the Volga-Don interfluve. Earrings identical to those found in the published grave are widely represented in the materials of the Prut-Dniester interfluve, the Middle and Lower Dniester. Necklaces of various shapes and beads belong to the most mass material received by the Sarmatians from ancient centers. The burial dates back to the 2nd century based on the analysis of the grave goods.
The policy of imperial acculturation of the northern Kazakh steppes population (mid XVIII–XIX centuries): phenomenon of the Orenburg Kyrgyz school
Authors: Kotov Anton Vladislavovich
Published: December 2020

This paper covers the main issues of the educational policy of the Russian Empire in the XVIIIXIX centuries in relation to the northern Kazakh steppes population. Examples of peaceful interaction of Russian settlers with the local Kazakh population are considered through the prism of cultural and educational influence, which was expressed at the basis of a number of educational institutions for the foreigners of the northern Kazakh steppes. The significance of the educational and cultural integration of the local population into the Russian society is revealed. The main aspects of the educational policy of the Russian Empire are investigated on the factual material of Russian-foreign schools. The problems of acculturation of the local population and ways to solve them in the works of contemporaries and direct participants in these events are given. Archival materials telling about the history of the educational institution the Orenburg Kyrgyz School are introduced into scientific circulation. The work of the Orenburg Kyrgyz School is considered, which implied cultural and educational acculturation of the Kazakh population in the middle of the XIX century. The author also reveals the reasons for changing the educational and cultural orientations of the school at different periods of its existence, the results of its work and its role in the process of non-Russian peoples integration into the unified sociocultural space of the Russian Empire.
Samara merchants and commercial education in the early XX century
Authors: Sumburova Elena Ivanovna
Published: December 2020

The paper examines a process of commercial education development in Samara on the basis of archival materials and published sources of educational institutions and public institutions. The study revealed the motives that determined the main directions and results of Samara commercial and industrial circles activities aimed at providing staff to urban enterprises at the beginning of XX century. The author highlights a special role of Samara entrepreneur organizations, and first of all, the society of clerks and the Exchange society in the creation of a commercial school and a trading school. The author emphasizes that the established lower and secondary commercial educational institutions met the needs of the local business community. It is noted that the commercial school was focused mainly on the training of students for admission to universities (mostly technical), while trade schools and commercial courses provided the city with the necessary specialists majoring in Economics. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the local institutional conditions for higher economic school establishment in Samara in the early XX century was not developed, the rate of commercial education development depended on the economic development of the region.
Professor of the Kuibyshev Planning Institute Vasily Lvovich Pogodin: materials for the biography
Authors: Zherdeva Yulia Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper is based on archival materials about the activities of the Kuibyshev Planning Institute of the 1930s. It reconstructs the biography of the Russian and Soviet diplomat, military and academic of the first third of the 20th century, Vasily Lvovich Pogodin (1870 after 1937). The study reveals a set of documentary evidence on the diplomatic and pedagogical career of V. Pogodin in the first years of the Soviet power, and determines the features of his pedagogical and party activities in Kuibyshev in 19331937. The author highlights a special role of the Planning Institute party committee materials as well as the high school workers trade union in the reconstruction of Pogodins biography. The paper emphasizes that Pogodin was considered to be one of the best lecturers of the Kuibyshev Planning Institute and a credible party worker. It is noted that his noble origin, service in the tsarist army and membership in the party of the Social Revolutionaries until 1937 were not the reason for penalties or prosecution by the party or the university administration. As a result, the author concludes that the fate of Vasily Lvovich Pogodin shows an extraordinary character of his personality. He made a brilliant military career in the years of the late Russian empire and became a major general of the Russian imperial army. Then he managed to integrate into the new Soviet system, radically changing the sphere of his activity and having achieved no less outstanding results in diplomacy and education. He became the plenipotentiary representative of the Far Eastern Republic in China, the director of a number of educational and cultural institutions of the Far East, then a professor of political economy in Kuibyshev.
The value of morality golden rule as the basis of the axiological-pedagogical concept of morality education
Authors: Guschina Anna Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The task of this paper is to determine the value underlying the idea Create the world of conscience and good, which is the backbone inner core of teaching morality to prospective teachers. Evidence is given that the value underlying the idea Create the world of conscience and good is the value of the golden rule of morality. The author shows the significance of the golden rule of morality in teaching morality to prospective teachers. The author also formulates a generalized goal of teaching morality to prospective teachers: a person who is able to live in morality. It is proved that the idea is a system-forming internal core of axiological and pedagogical activity as an activity of teaching morality to prospective teachers. The paper explains the use order of the terms axiological and pedagogical in the concept of axiological-pedagogical activity on the basis of methodology levels. The author reveals the content of axiological and educational activities and specifies features of the value relationship as one of the formative content of such activities. The author shows that the use of the golden rule of morality as a criterion for assessing realized, professed, and disseminated values makes it possible to show whether such values are really values, or anti-values.
Inter-subject links within the content-methodical lines of Math school course
Authors: Kononenko Natalya Vasilievna , Tokareva Julia Sergeevna , Chukhriy Pavel Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

This paper considers some ways of inter-subject links realization within the content-methodical lines of Math school course. The course of Math at school is permeated with inter-subject links, which are the foundation of the subject and through which a succession is implemented in teaching of Mathematics. The implementation of inter-subject links in teaching Mathematics requires a special organization of educational material and the process of its study and, therefore, acts as a didactic principle. In this paper, inter-subject links are revealed at two levels: the level of content and the level of methods for solving problems. The inter-subject links at the substantial level are learning numerical sequences and linear equations and inequalities, while at the level of methods examples of transcendental equations. The implementation of inter-subject links at the content level takes place in conjunction with their implementation at the level of methods and has a wide practical application at Mathematics lessons. The conducted researches have shown that inter-subject links naturally extend on the subject area Mathematics and Computer Science according to the Federal state educational standards of the basic and secondary general education. The practical significance of the study is that its results can be used for teaching Mathematics at school.
The structure of the patriotic consciousness of youth: the pedagogical aspect
Authors: Pozdnyakova Oksana Konstantinovna , Krylova Elena Leonidovna
Published: December 2020

In the framework of the younger generation patriotic education, a pedagogical task of young peoples patriotic consciousness development is being actualized. It is substantiated that the solution of this task requires clarification of the content of the notion young peoples patriotic consciousness, the meaning of which is understood when its structure and structural components content are revealed. Interpretations of patriotic consciousness are offered. They are proposed by modern Russian scientists who present it as a systemic development with its own structure. Structural components of the patriotic consciousness of youth are determined: a worldview component (knowledge, ideas, and views), an axiological component (values), a behavioral component (value relations). The possibility and necessity of the separation of these components is proved. The choice of specific concepts, values, and value relationships that form the content of the worldview, axiological, and behavioral components of the patriotic consciousness of youth is substantiated. The content of the ideological component of the patriotic consciousness of young people is revealed; it is formed by the knowledge, ideas, views on the concepts of patriotism, love for the Motherland, Motherland, small Motherland, Fatherland, patriot. In the context of understanding patriotism as a complex value represented through a set of values, it is proved that the content of the axiological component of youth patriotic consciousness is developed by the values of loyalty, heroism, pride in the Fatherland, duty, dignity, interest in the history of the Fatherland, culture, love of the country, courage, responsibility, family, tolerance, work, respect, honor. Valuable attitudes to the family, work, the Fatherland, culture are singled out as developing the content of the behavioral component of young peoples patriotic consciousness.
The influence of ecological conditions on vegetative propagation of lilac varieties in the South Ural Botanical Garden (Ufa)
Authors: Polyakova Natalia Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of a long-term (20012018) study of vegetative propagation methods of theSyringaL. genus varieties on the basis of the South Ural Botanical Garden Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The objective of the study was to determine the most effective and affordable ways of lilac varieties propagating in the climatic conditions of the Southern Urals, as well as to identify environmental factors affecting the effectiveness of vegetative propagation. Throughout the research period, such methods of vegetative propagation of lilac varieties as spring vaccinations, summer budding, propagation by aerial roots, green cuttings propagation were studied. As a result of the studies, it was found that the maximum quantity planting material is obtained when varieties are propagated by green cuttings using sand or a mixture of sand with perlite as a substrate. In the South Urals, greenhouses in the open ground for rooting lilac cuttings are practically unsuitable, because rooted cuttings die in them in winter or early spring. Therefore, in the climatic conditions of Bashkortostan, the rooting of lilac cuttings is desirable to be carried out in a sheltered greenhouse. With the help of spring vaccination, you can rejuvenate old vaccinated specimens, and summer budding can be used provided that the grafted plants provide a comfortable wintering, since early frosts characteristic of the Bashkir Urals lead to the death of green and not yet lignified shoots. The method of aerial roots can be considered acceptable and promising for the vegetative propagation of lilacs varieties.
Ecological and substrate characteristics of lichenoflora of the State Nature Reserve «Zavolzhsky» (Chuvash Republic)
Authors: Sinichkin Evgeny Arkadyevich , Dimitriev Aleksandr Veniaminovich
Published: December 2020

The paper provides an ecological and substrate analysis of lichens of the State Nature Reserve Zavolzhsky (Chuvash Republic). In the specified reserve 134 species of lichens were found. The ecological and substrate analysis showed that lichens were found on 20 substrates: on the bark ofPopulus tremula,Tilia cordata,Quercus robur,Acer platanoides,Betula pubescens,Padus avium,Sorbus aucuparia,Frangula alnus,Salix cinerea,S.pentandra,Alnus glutinosa, on the bark and branches ofPinus sylvestris,Picea abies,Abies sibirica,Betula pendula, on soil, on a dead organic substrate, on an anthropogenic substrate (on slate, concrete, wheel rubber). 6 main and 4 intermediate ecological groups of lichens were revealed: 1) epiphytic, growing on the bark of trees and shrubs; 2) epixylic, living on decaying wood; 3) epigeidic (ground lichens); 4) epibriophytic, living on mosses; 5) epiphytic-epixylic, growing on the bark of trees and a dead organic substrate; 6) epixylic-epigeidic, living on a dead organic substrate and soil; 7) lichens growing on the bark of trees and anthropogenic substrate; 8) epiphytic-epigeidic, growing on tree bark and soil surface 9) multisubstrate lichens that live on different substrates; 10) lichens of anthropogenic substrate. The largest number of lichens (61,2%) belong to epiphytic, 16,5% to epiphytic-epixylic, 5,2% to epixylic-epigeidic, 4,5% to epigeidic, 3,7% to epixylic, 2,3% to epibriophytic, 0,7% to multisubstrate lichens, 0,7% to epiphytic-epigeidic. 3 species of lichens were found (2,3%) on the anthropogenic substrate. Epiphytic lichens were found on 15 forophytes. The largest number of taxa (40 species) were found onPinus sylvestriss bark, 35 species onPopulus tremulas bark, 33 species onBetula pendulasbark. 56 species of lichens were found on only one forophyte. The analysis of the confinement to phorophyte showed that the highest level of similarity in the species composition of lichens was found betweenPadus aviumandFrangula alnus 50%,Pinus sylvestrisandPicea abies 49%,Populus tremulaandSorbus aucuparia 44%,Tilia cordataandAcer platanoides 41%,Salix cinereaandS.pentandra 37%.
Using of morphometric and phenological parameters of Tilia cordata Mill. for bioindication
Authors: Turmukhametova Nina Valeryevna
Published: December 2020

The paper contains the results of long-term bioindication studies of assessing the state ofTilia cordataMill. in the conditions of Yoshkar-Ola city, which differ in the degree of environmental pollution by industrial transport emissions. The work analyzes a variability ofTilia cordataindividuals of various ontogenetic states of the generative period according to a complex of morphological and phenological characters using statistical methods of principal components and an analysis of variance. The heterogeneity of ontogenetic groups of trees according to morphological and phenological characteristics is established. The individuals of the mesobiontic speciesT.cordataunder the conditions of an average degree of pollution of the urban environment are considered to be small-leaved. With an increase in anthropogenic load the area of the leaf blade decreases, but the area of its damage increases. The index of fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf blade does not differ concerning the trees growing in various environmental conditions. A method of principal components helped to identifyT. cordatasmost variable signs of shoots and rhythms of seasonal development, which can be used for bioindication: sizes and number of structural elements of buds and shoots, terms and duration of phenophases. The most sensitive to habitat pollution are middle-aged generative trees ofT.cordata.
Assessment of changes in the phytotoxic properties of oil-contaminated soils in terms of germination and seedlings length of Lepidium sativum L. after electrochemical cleaning
Authors: Shulaev Nikolay Sergeevich , Pryanichnikova Valeria Valeryevna , Kadyrov Ramil Rimovich , Bykovskiy Nikolay Alekseevich , Damineva Raisa Mukhametovna
Published: December 2020

Different variants of electric treatment technology are used to solve environmental, technological and agro-melioration problems. This paper assesses the change in the properties of contaminated soil during cleaning by passing small amperage through it. The paper contains the results of the study of changes in the toxic properties of soil contaminated with oil and mineralized formation water at oil production after electrochemical treatment. A biotesting technique withLepidium sativumL. is used for an integrated assessment of the hazardous properties of contaminated soil after electrical treatment. This biological test object has a high responsiveness to the presence of pollutants in soil and water, as well as the ability to rapidly germinate. The main parameters during the study are the percentage of seed germination and the total length of seedlings (underground and aboveground parts). A statistical analysis of the data is carried out. The phytotoxicity of contaminated soil is compared before and after cleaning. The conclusion is drawn about the potential suitability of this method for the full restoration of natural plant communities at the pollution territory, as well as for conducting complex phytoremediation.
Rare and protection needed species of petrophytic steppes of the Southern and Middle Urals
Authors: Yamalov Sergey Maratovich , Lebedeva Maria Vladimirovna , Golovanov Yaroslav Mikhailovich , Petrova Maria Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The paper reveals a rare component of stony steppes of the South and Central Ural Mountains of the rare and needing protection species to their different types. The authors establish that 154 rare and needing protection species, relicts and endemics grow on the stony steppes of the region. That makes 20,8% of all coenoflora. Among them 18 species are included in the Red List of the Russian Federation, 98 species are included in the regional Red Lists. The authors also revealed 34 endemic species relating, mainly to group of rocky and steppes endemics. The relic flora contains 42 species. The most part of them (25 species) belongs to the Holocene, the group of the pleystocene relicts is presented by 13 species. The analysis of coenoflora allowed to reveal features of rare species dividing into the communities that characterize different types of habitats. The greatest share of rare species is noted in communities of the South forest-steppe zone on calcareous substrates (more than 30% 81 species). The obtained data confirm a high nature protection importance of the petrophytic steppes of the Southern and Central Urals and can form a basis for the complex strategy of protection of these communities.
The first attempts to create archaeological maps of Samara and Simbirsk governorates at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries
Authors: Sukhova Olesya Konstantinovna
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the experience of Russians and their attempt to create the first archaeological maps of Samara and Simbirsk Provinces, organized by V.N.Polivanov from Simbirsk and V.A.Miller and F.T.Yakovlev from Samara at the end of the XIXXX centuries. The author introduces an archaeological map used by V.A.Miller and M.A.Miller into science. Due to the unpublished archival materials the author identifies the sources of information used to compile the archaeological map of the Simbirsk Province. For example, the use of a questionnaire describes the first steps in the centralized collection of information on ancient monuments in the Russian province in the 19thcentury. The questionnaires of the Central Statistical Committee of 1873 and the Moscow Archaeological Society of 1888 are noted for solving the problem of creating archaeological maps of individual provinces. For example, the questionnaires of the Simbirsk provincial scientific archival commission of 1896 solved the map problem of the Simbirsk province. The time gap is considered between the creation of provincial scholars of archival commissions in Samara and Simbirsk, organizations that were not only in-charge of the preservation and processing of archival documents, but were involved in archaeological research and conducted activities to study antiquities. It is summarized that the Samara and Simbirsk provinces were at different levels of involvement in the all-Russian processes, but, one way or another, prerequisites were laid in both provinces for drawing up plans for further archaeological study of the two regions.
Traditional culture of migrants from Central Asian countries in the context of integration practices
Authors: Mukhametshina Natalia Semenovna
Published: December 2020

The paperdeals with the results of standardized interviews with representatives of the peoples from Central Asia (Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Uzbeks) currently residing in Samara and the Samara Region. The interviews were conducted in 20182019 within the framework of the project supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. It has been established that ethnic culture retains its functionality in a new environment in all groups selected for the study.In particular, national cuisine and ethnic elements for the interior of their houses are widely used. The vast majority know and perform folk songs and music, have their recordings, and many of those people listen to them regularly or from time to time. They keep reading books and periodicals in their native language. Almost all of them keep their language immersion. All groups of respondents noted openness and readiness for friendly contacts regardless of nationality. The overwhelming majority of respondents communicate with their colleagues and neighbors. Communication is predominantly positive. Marital and family behavior reflects a rather positive perception of inter-ethnic marriages. Although the situation in this private sphere is not very clear. Based on the results obtained, the conclusion is that the majority of the representatives of the diaspora communities are successfully integrated.
Axiological communication as a subject of pedagogical reflection
Authors: Bezdukhov Vladimir Petrovich , Noskov Igor Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the paper is motivated by the importance and necessity of updating the educational paradigm on the basis of an axiological approach that fundamentally changes the style of communication between a teacher and a student as well as other participants of the educational process. The paper identifies the problems that scientists pose and solve while studying communication, i.e. highlight aspects of studying communication, conceptualize correlation between social relations and communication, communication and activity. The authors reveal that axiological communication is a form of values exchange. The values, which a teacher introduces to students, determine the content of such communication where the values are related and the meaning of one value is associated with the meaning of another one. The paper reveals that the product of axiological communication is the value relationship between a teacher and students, that while exchanging values in the course of such communication they are chosen. The authors specify a scientific concept of isolation of a personality in communication. The ideas of scientists on relationship between communication and activity (communication as a type of activity or a component, a part, a condition of another activity; communication as part of a single process of a human life; communication as part of activity) are revealed. The authors prove that a teachers axiological communication is a part of his/her ethical and pedagogical activity as a value-oriented type activity.