bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Immigration Knocks on the Door . . . We Are Stuck . . .”: A Multilevel Analysis of Undocumented Youth’s Experiences of Racism, System Failure, and Resistance in Policy and School Contexts
Authors: Rodriguez Sophia
Published: May 2022

Background/Context:

Undocumented youth navigate unwelcoming federal, state, and local contexts in the United States. Although previous research shows the significant impact of immigration policy and enforcement on educational outcomes and social-emotional well-being, this study sheds light on the multiple, intersecting policy, and school contexts that hinder social and educational mobility.

Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to elicit Latinx undocumented immigrant youth experiences in a southern state to contribute to evolving research on their experiences in K-12 schools. In addition, the purpose was to understand how undocumented youth (a) talk about the policies that impact their daily lives, (b) perceive the organizational-level structures that exist to support them in school and community contexts, and (c) articulate a sense of belonging through their community and school interactions in relation to processes of racialization and its impact on immigration status. Conceptually, the paper uses a multilevel, interactional framework to show the impact of racialization of Latinx undocumented immigrants in policy, school, and community, and relational contexts.

Research Design:

The study is a 3-year critical ethnography of two Title I high schools in the U.S. South that maintains particularly restrictive policies toward immigrants. Fieldwork from two school sites and interviews with 63 undocumented youth, and relevant personnel deepen our understanding of their status of illegality—specifically how their material lives are impacted by policy and institutional-level dynamics and constraints.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

The author shows how youth voice through ethnographic evidence counteracts anti-immigrant policies and criminalization of Latinx immigrants; youth critique social policy and institutions that seek to limit their progress in society. The implications for policymakers, educators, and school-based personnel is significant Although legal status may impose certain limitations on undocumented students’ educational opportunities, their educational trajectories are still highly determined by school structures. Knowing this, educators can respond effectively to ensure educational rights and equitable educational practice.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Oral Health Conditions Among Middle-aged and Older Chinese Adults: Exploring the Moderating Roles of Education and Gender
Authors: Zhang Keqing , Wu Bei , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2022

This study aims to examine whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with oral health conditions (denture use, difficulty in chewing, and edentulism) among middle-aged and older adults in China and if gender and adulthood education moderate the associations. Data were obtained from the 2014 and 2018 surveys from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study ( N = 17,091) and logistic regressions were carried out. Results show that childhood hunger (OR = 1.12), loneliness (OR = 1.10) and family relations (OR = 1.07) were significantly associated with higher odds of denture use and there were significant associations between hunger (OR = 1.16) and difficulty in chewing. For the female subsample, education significantly moderated the adverse effect of childhood hunger on denture use and difficulty in chewing. Findings suggest that ACEs have long-lasting impacts on oral health conditions in later life and adulthood education might offer critical resources for females, helping them buffer the detrimental health impacts of ACEs.
Eviscerating equality: Normative whiteness and Conservative equality policy
Authors: Gedalof Irene
Published: May 2022

This article draws on the insights of narrative analysis to critically review recent changes to UK government equality policy through three examples: the announcement of a new equality strategy, changes to the governance of the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC), and the establishment and report of the Sewell Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities. I argue that these policy initiatives and the narratives justifying them signal moves to further weaken the UK government’s formal commitments to protections against discrimination. This involves not only the familiar argument in favour of a limited, liberal model of individual equality of opportunity, but is also about bolstering normative whiteness in the face of growing calls for a reckoning with the UK’s legacy of colonialism, slavery and deep-seated racial inequalities.
Input and competing grammars in L2 syntax
Authors: Rankin Tom
Published: May 2022

Grammar competition has been proposed as a model for second language (L2) acquisition. Variational Learning provides a framework within which to investigate the idea of grammar competition as the model requires a marriage of quantitative properties of the input with Universal Grammar. A diachronic variational model of grammar competition is extended to second language acquisition (L2A) to explore verb-second word order optionality in L2 English. Patterns of L1-German–L2-English word order acquisition are reviewed in light of a study of classroom discourse as input to first language (L1) German speakers. A variational model of word order patterns in the input identifies differences in patterns of word order optionality, which may contribute to the trajectory of acquisition identified for L2 English.
Socialist fragments East and West: Towards a comparative anthropology of global (post-)socialism
Authors: Deakin Robert , Nicolescu Gabriela
Published: May 2022

This article initiates a comparative anthropological analysis of the legacies and endurances of socialism in two different European contexts. It draws on ethnographic and historical material relating to the UK and Romania, 40 years after the first efforts to privatize central elements of the welfare state in the UK and 30 years after the collapse of state socialism in central and eastern Europe. Rather than restricting our analysis to the ‘East’ and the 20th century, as is often the case in the literature on post-socialism, we argue for the need to attend to socialism’s historical border-crossings as well as its persistence today as a set of practices and imaginaries which are not wedded to one historically existing state form. Through controversies around the demolition of council (public) housing estates in London and exploration of work practices in cooperatives of production in Romania this article illustrates such historical border-crossings, and comparatively analyses the contemporary curation of what we call ‘socialist fragments’ at both these sites.
Recent progress of lattice Boltzmann method and its applications in fluid-structure interaction
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Zhengliang , Rajamuni Methma
Published: May 2022

Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is a very common physical phenomenon which extensively exists in nature, human daily life and many engineering applications. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is an alternative of solving Navier–Stokes equations to obtain complex fluid dynamics. Since the proposal of lattice Bhatnagar–Gross–Krookmodel, the LBM has been improved and applied to various complex flows ranging from laminar flow to turbulent flow and Newtonian flow to non-Newtonian flow. To handle the associated FSI, the bounce-back scheme was proposed and then the immersed boundary method (IBM) was incorporated into the LBM for the simplicity and robustness of IBM in handling complex and moving geometries and the significant efficiency of LBM in solving fluid dynamics. In recent years, the combined frameworks of LBM, that is, bounce-back–lattice Boltzmann method and immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method have witnessed a significant development and the successful applications can be found in a range of physical problems such as flow around bluff bodies, flapping wings, wind turbines, aeroacoustics, sea wave modelling and et al. In this paper, the recent progress of LBM and some typical applications involving FSI are reviewed.
Stochastic input-to-state stability for nonlinear impulsive switched systems with random impulses coupled by multiple jump maps
Authors: Wang Zhenyue , Li Xiaohui , Gao Lijun
Published: May 2022

This article focuses on a class of nonlinear random impulsive and switched systems for stochastic input-to-state stability. The impulse is divided into two types: single jump map and multiple jump maps. When the impulse is chosen as single jump map, it means that the impulse between the two adjacent switching times is single as well as impulse and switching occur simultaneously, in which the impulsive moments are fixed. When the impulse is chosen as multiple jump maps, in this model, the impulse is not only limited by multiple maps, but also the impulse instants are assumed to be random. Therefore, this model is an extension of the traditional impulsive and switched system. In view of admissible edge-dependent average dwell time switching signal and the impulse dynamic satisfying Poisson’s process, sufficient conditions for the stochastic input-to-state stability are introduced into nonlinear impulsive switched system with random impulses. Three significant distinctions from the existing results rest with that (1) a new multiple Lyapunov functions are first created; the novelty contains discontinuity at the discrete points including switching moments and the impulse jump instants of Lyapunov-like functional; (2) the coefficient of derivative of a Lyapunov-like functions is permitted to be either positive or negative, which is less conservative; (3) the adopted admissible edge-dependent average dwell time switching scheme delves into less conservative stochastic input-to-state stability condition than mode-dependent average dwell time switching, nonlinear impulsive switched system with various jump maps. Numerical examples are simulated to manifest the validity of the main results.
Estimation of forage quality by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy in dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum, poir
Authors: Oluk Aylin C , Yucel Hatice , Bilgin Feyza D , Serbester Ugur
Published: April 2022

Dallisgrass ( Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) is an economically important and widely cultivated forage crop for livestock feeding in the tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions because of good adaptation to unsuitable pasture conditions. In this study, 216 dallisgrass samples were used to develop near infrared reflectance calibrations to estimate five forage quality parameters: dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ash. Second derivative pretreatment was applied for calibration of DM, CP and NDF while a first derivative pretreatment was used for ADF and ash. The coefficients of determination in the internal validation set (r 2) were 0.78 for DM, 0.80 for CP, 0.95 for NDF 0.75 for ADF, and 0.71 for ash. The relative predictive determinant ratios for calibration indicate that the NDF equations were acceptable for quantitative prediction of dallisgrass quality, whereas the DM, CP, ADF, and ash equations were useful for screening purposes. The near infrared prediction models developed in this study can be used for screening in the forage breeding researches to be carried out for five quality parameters in the future.
Demographic Effects on TV News Credibility: Perceptions in Bangladesh
Authors: Andaleeb Syed Saad , Jamil Raihan , Rajeb Mehdi
Published: May 2022

There has been an enormous growth of TV channels in Bangladesh. As a result, TV news has become very popular among other programs. This study attempted to explore the variations in the perceived credibility of TV news in Bangladesh and how the joint distribution of constructs explaining credibility is affected by different demographic groups. The study concludes that gender and education level significantly impact overall credibility perceptions.
Lemborexant, an orexin receptor antagonist sedative-hypnotic: Is it useful for insomnia in psychiatric disorders?
Authors: Keks Nicholas A , Hope Judy
Published: May 2022

Objective

Lemborexant, an orexin receptor antagonist similar to suvorexant, has been approved for the treatment of sleep onset and/or maintenance insomnia. Lemborexant is reviewed and compare to suvorexant from a psychiatric perspective.

Conclusion

Rapidly absorbed (peak 1–3 h), lemborexant has a half-life of 17–19 h (suvorexant half-life 12 h). It is metabolized by CYP3A4/5, with no significant effects of age, sex or weight. Trials for insomnia indicate sustained efficacy beyond 6 months. Lemborexant has not been trialled in major psychiatric disorders. Commenced at 5 mg, lemborexant can then be increased to 10 mg, taken at least 7 h before planned awakening. Adverse effects are higher at 10 mg: somnolence occurs in about 10% while headache and nightmares affect 2–5%, approximately similar to 40 mg suvorexant (recommended suvorexant dose 20 mg). Sleep paralysis, hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, and cataplexy-like symptoms, complex sleep behaviours and emergence of depression/suicidal ideation can occur. Neither tolerance to sedation nor withdrawal effects on discontinuation have been observed. Whether the differences between lemborexant and suvorexant are clinically relevant is unclear. Like suvorexant, lemborexant appears to be effective in longer-term use for insomnia, but until efficacy and safety are adequately investigated in major mental disorders, clinicians need to monitor patient experience closely.
An Autoethnographic Reflection of Adult Learning and Paternal Grief
Authors: Carpenter Rob E.
Published: April 2022

This study examined my experience as a doctoral student following the death of my son. The focus of this research is on the interaction of paternal grief and adult learning in the context of higher education. The central emphasis seeks to offer existential bearing to the interplay between the narrative identities of adult learner and paternal griever that is seldom considered in combination for adult learning scholarship. I employed the reflexive process of autoethnography through free writing and review of personal journals. I used the analytical lens of a dialogical narrator who held two opposing I-positions of the self, adult learner and grieving father. This methodological approach allowed the pursuit of adult learning to emerge into a position that promoted reorganization of my grief, bridging the divergence of loss and gain. This study placed focus on the dialogical I-positions of self as a vector for growth. The novelty of this research is the placement of andragogical considerations in adult learning following paternal grief. These considerations have capacity to endorse the paternal griever I-position to begin understanding grief transition through pursuit of knowledge. Characterizing the embodied transition is central to the bereavement process. Bringing the transition into dialogue with adult learning can provide educators with enhanced instructional precision when planning and conducting learning activities in a grief environment.
Recent Estimates and Predictions of 5-Year Survival in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Model-Based Period Analysis
Authors: Li Yunmei , Feng Aozi , Zheng Shuai , Chen Chong , Lyu Jun
Published: May 2022

Background:

The overall incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have steadily declined in the United States over the past few decades, but it is still a serious disease burden for patients. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the latest survival rate of gastric cancer.

Methods:

Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, this study analyzed the age-standardized relative survival rates and survival trends of gastric cancer cases in 2007–2011 and 2012–2016 using period analysis, and the survival rate 2017–2021 was predicted using a generalized linear model based on the period analysis.

Results:

During 2007–2016, the 5-year relative survival rate of patients with gastric cancer continued to rise, and the same trend was observed in 2017–2021. The 5-year overall age-standardized relative survival rates in 2007–2011, 2012–2016, and 2017–2021 were 38.3%, 40.6%, and 42.9%, respectively. However, despite these favorable trends, the overall relative survival of patients with gastric cancer remains at a low level. There were significant differences in the relative survival rates of patients with gastric cancer in terms of age, sex, race, primary site, stage, and socioeconomic status. Notably, the survival rate of patients with distant-stage gastric cancer remains very low (10%).

Conclusion:

We found that the survival rate of patients with gastric cancer showed different degrees of improvement in each subgroup. However, the overall relative survival rate of patients with gastric cancer remains low. Analyzing the changes of patients with gastric cancer in the last 10 years will be helpful in predicting the changing trend of cancer in the future. It also provides a scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate effective tumor prevention and control measures.
Interfacial delamination-induced unidirectional propagation of guided waves in multilayered media
Authors: Wang Yanzheng , Li Zhengyang , Golub Mikhail V , Huang Guoliang , Chen Weiqiu , Zhang Chuanzeng
Published: April 2022

Unidirectional nonreciprocal wave propagation is an unprecedented phenomenon, which has attracted much research interest. Connecting a phononic crystal with an asymmetric structure to break the spatial inversion symmetry is a popular manner to realize this phenomenon using the wave mode transformation. In this paper, a new model is proposed based on a single periodic structure. The arrays of asymmetric and symmetric interfacial delaminations are intentionally introduced into the top and the bottom part of a stack of periodic elastic layers, respectively. So, the structural spatial inversion symmetry can be broken and the guided waves can pass through the whole structure only from the top side with the changed mode generated by the array of asymmetric interfacial delaminations. Thus, it is indispensable for the part of phononic crystal that the partial band-gaps of symmetric and antisymmetric guided waves have to be separated, which is the reason why we introduce the array of symmetric central or side interfacial delaminations into the stack of periodic elastic layers. The transmission spectra of the guided waves and the dispersion curves for the unit cell imposed by the Bloch–Floquet boundary condition are both calculated by the spectral element method. Then, the interfacial delamination-induced unidirectional propagation of guided waves in the finite stack of periodic elastic layers is numerically confirmed. This paper provides a new concept to control the waves propagating in phononic crystals via the insertion of some interfacial delaminations or cracks.
Neural Responses to Hedonic and Utilitarian Banner Ads: An fMRI Study
Authors: Casado-Aranda Luis-Alberto , Sánchez-Fernández Juan , Viedma-del-Jesús María I.
Published: April 2022

Previous interactive marketing literature has concluded that banner attributes are key drivers of ad effectiveness and online consumer behaviors. In particular, prior advertising studies have largely defined the two most commonly used ad appeals in online settings: hedonic (i.e., visually attractive, joy-focused, and interactive) and utilitarian (i.e., informative, convenient, and functional). However, no unanimous conclusions have been drawn about their effects on online consumer behavior. Furthermore, no studies have assessed the psychological mechanisms underlying the processing of hedonic and utilitarian banner ads, which could be crucial given the unconscious, internal, and introspective nature of ad evaluation and online purchasing decisions. In this research, the authors used neuroimaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI]) to identify the neural mechanisms underlying the evaluation of hedonic and utilitarian banners. The results reveal that whereas hedonic layouts engage brain areas associated with reward, self-relevance, and emotion, utilitarian banner ads trigger brain networks related to object identification and recognition, reasoning, executive function, and cognitive control. This research also examines the extent to which neural data derived from processing hedonic and utilitarian banners complement the ability of self-reported banner effectiveness to predict online consumer behavior. The results reveal that neural data from banner appeals help predict between 9% and 18% of online consumer behavior beyond that indicated by the perceived ad effectiveness reported by consumers. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the connection between neuropsychological data and real-world online consumer behavior.
Customer satisfaction with co-created hospitality services: Regulatory focus orientation and positive disconfirmation
Authors: Kuzgun Ebru , Altinigne Nesenur , Arıkan Esra
Published: May 2022

New enhancements that foster more customer-focused services, such as the co-creation of hotel service offerings with hotel guests, have changed the conventional thinking in the hospitality industry. In this regard, the current study contributes to the understanding of the effect of co-creation on customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry, focusing on customers’ idiosyncratic characteristics. Particularly, the study investigates the moderating role of customers’ regulatory focus orientation (promotion vs. prevention) and the mediating role of customers’ positive disconfirmation on the relationship between value co-creation (VCC) level of hotel services and customer satisfaction. The model is tested using an experimental design with 328 responses. The results show that a high level of VCC in hotel services leads promotion-focused (prevention-focused) customers to experience lower (higher) levels of positive disconfirmation compared to a low level of VCC, as promotion-focused (prevention-focused) customers have higher (lower) performance expectations from a high VCC service offering due to the regulatory fit (non-fit) they have with the service design. The findings also indicate that service failure generates less dissatisfaction in a high VCC level in hotel services than a low VCC level since customers take more responsibility for the unfavorable outcome when they participate more in the VCC process. These results indicate that when hotels design co-created services, they need to generate coherence between customers’ regulatory focus orientation and the service's VCC level.
Combined Treatment With Carotid Endoarterectomy and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Single-Institutional Experience in 222 Patients
Authors: Modugno Pietro , Picone Veronica , Centritto Enrico Maria , Calvo Eugenio , Canosa Carlo , Piancone Felice , Testa Nicola , Camposarcone Nicola , Castellano Gaetano , Astore Pasquale , Di Martino Luigi , Di Iusto Fabrizio , De Filippo Carlo Maria , Massetti Massimo
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Carotid atherosclerotic disease is a known independent risk factor of post operative stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The best management of concomitant coronary artery disease and carotid artery disease remains debated. Current strategies include simultaneous carotid endoarterectomy (CEA) and CABG, staged CEA followed by CABG, staged CABG followed by CEA, staged transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TF-CAS) followed by CABG, simultaneous TF-CAS and CABG and transcarotid artery stenting.

Methods

We report our experience based on a cohort of 222 patients undergoing combined CEA and CABG surgery who come to our observation from 2004 to 2020. All patients with >70% carotid stenosis and severe multivessel or common truncal coronary artery disease underwent combined CEA and CABG surgery at our instituion. 30% of patients had previously remote neurological symptoms or a cerebral CT-scan with ischemic lesions. Patients with carotid stenosis >70%, either asymptomatic or symptomatic, underwent CT-scan without contrast media to assess ischemic brain injury, and in some cases, if necessary, CT-angiography of the neck and intracranial vessels.

Results

The overall perioperative mortality rate was 4.1% (9/222 patients). Two patients (.9%) had periprocedural ipsilateral transient ischemic attack (TIA) which completely resolved by the second postoperative day. Two patients (.9%) had an ipsilateral stroke, while 7 patients (3.2%) had a stroke of the controlateral brain hemisphere. Two patients (.9%) patients were affected by periprocedural coma caused by cerebral hypoperfusion due to perioperative heart failure. There were no statistically significant differences between patients in Extracorporeal Circulation (ECC) and Off-pump patients in the onset of perioperative stroke.

Conclusion

Our experience reported that combined surgical treatment of CEA and CABG, possibly Off-Pump, is a feasible treatment procedure, able to minimize the risk of post-operative stroke and cognitive deficits.
Feasibility of an Online Langerian Mindfulness Program for Stroke Survivors and Caregivers
Authors: Demers Marika , Pagnini Francesco , Phillips Deborah , Chang Brianna , Winstein Carolee , Langer Ellen
Published: April 2022

Mindfulness is promising for individuals with neurological disorders and their caregivers to improve psychological well-being. The potential application of a Langerian mindfulness intervention, focused on attention to variability, however, is still unknown. The objective of the study was to determine the feasibility (usability, satisfaction, and potential effectiveness on psychological well-being) of an online mindfulness intervention for stroke survivors and caregivers. Using mixed methods, 11 stroke survivors and three caregivers participated in a 3-week, online, Langerian mindfulness intervention. A semi-structured interview assessed the intervention’s usability and gathered feedback. Self-reported measures about psychological well-being were documented remotely 3 times (preintervention, postintervention, and 1-month follow-up). Qualitatively, participants were highly satisfied with the intervention and reported subjective benefits, but the usability of the online platform was poor. None of the self-reported measures changed over time. This study provided evidence of feasibility of an online Langerian mindfulness intervention in a new population: stroke survivors and caregivers.
NER-based military simulation scenario development process
Authors: Zhou Junhua , Li Xiaoqing , Wang Shaoping , Song Xiao
Published: May 2022

For combat simulation, the simulation scenario serves as the foundation and data source. It is not, however, easy to develop military simulation scenario because the developing process of these texts was time-consuming. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a distant supervised method for developing military simulation scenarios based on named entity recognition (NER) method. This method consists of three phases: extracting the key elements of simulation scenario, recognizing named entities of the text, and generating an executable simulation scenario. First, we analyze the two types of scenarios involved in the development process of military simulation scenarios: operational scenario and executable scenario. Second, we train a NER model on operational scenario corpus. Then, we compare our distant supervised-based NER method with the other NER methods, and we achieve an overall improvement of F1 score of 9.01%. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we use a case study to implement a combat simulation scenario development progress.
Conversion to Thoracotomy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Risk Factors and Perioperative Outcomes
Authors: Muslim Zaid , Stroever Stephanie , Poulikidis Kostantinos , Weber Joanna F. , Connery Cliff P. , Herrera Luis J. , Bhora Faiz Y.
Published: May 2022

Objective: We aimed to identify predictors of conversion to thoracotomy and test the hypothesis that conversion is associated with inferior perioperative outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database for patients with stage I to III NSCLC undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) during 2010 to 2016. We compared clinicopathologic factors between patients undergoing MIS with and without conversion. We fitted multivariable regression models to identify independent predictors of conversion and compare perioperative outcomes between the 2 groups. Results: A rising trend in the use of MIS was accompanied by a declining trend in the rate of conversion to thoracotomy. A total of 11.3% of the 83,219 cases were converted. Conversion was associated with a higher Charlson-Deyo score, squamous histology, nodal involvement, high tumor grade, tumor size ≥5 cm, and a higher T stage ( P < 0.05). Successful MIS without conversion was predicted by advanced age, sublobar resection, robotic approach, and treatment at an academic high-volume facility ( P < 0.05). Conversion was linked to longer hospital stays, higher 30-day and 90-day mortality, and unplanned readmission ( P < 0.05), irrespective of the type of MIS approach. Conclusions: Conversion rates for video-assisted and robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery have seen a decline in recent years. Irrespective of the type of MIS approach, conversion was associated with inferior perioperative outcomes. The robotic approach and treatment at an academic high-volume facility were associated with a lower likelihood of conversion. Early recognition of the individual risk factors for conversion may help to counsel patients about the likelihood of, and detriments associated with, conversion and ultimately reduce conversion rates.
Population pharmacokinetic model and limited sampling strategy for clozapine using plasma and dried blood spot samples
Authors: Geers Lisanne M. , Cohen Dan , Wehkamp Laura M. , van Wattum Hans J. , Kosterink Jos G.W. , Loonen Anton J.M. , Touw Daan J.
Published: May 2022

Background:

To improve efficacy, therapeutic drug monitoring is often used in clozapine therapy. Trough level monitoring is regular, but trough levels provide limited information about the pharmacokinetics of clozapine and exposure in time. The area under the concentration time curve (AUC) is generally valued as better marker of drug exposure in time but calculating AUC needs multiple sampling. An alternative approach is a limited sampling scheme in combination with a population pharmacokinetic model meant for Bayesian forecasting. Furthermore, multiple venepunctions can be a burden for the patient, whereas collecting samples by means of dried blood spot (DBS) sampling can facilitate AUC-monitoring, making it more patient friendly.

Objective:

Development of a population pharmacokinetic model and limited sampling strategy for estimating AUC0-12h (a twice-daily dosage regimen) and AUC0-24h (a once-daily dosage regimen) of clozapine, using a combination of results from venepunctions and DBS sampling.

Method:

From 15 schizophrenia patients, plasma and DBS samples were obtained before administration and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after clozapine intake. MwPharm® pharmacokinetic software was used to parameterize a population pharmacokinetic model and calculate limited sampling schemes.

Results:

A three-point sampling strategy with samples at 2, 6, and 8 h after clozapine intake gave the best estimation of the clozapine AUC0-12h and at 4, 10, and 11 h for the AUC0-24h. For clinical practice, however, a two-point sampling strategy with sampling points at 2 and 6 h was sufficient to estimate AUC0-12h and at 4 and 11 h for AUC0-24h.

Conclusion:

A pharmacokinetic model with a two–time point limited sampling strategy meant for Bayesian forecasting using DBS sampling gives a better prediction of the clozapine exposure in time, expressed as AUC, compared to trough level monitoring. This limited sampling strategy might therefore provide a more accurate prediction of effectiveness and occurrence of side effects compared to trough level monitoring. The use of DBS samples also makes the collection of clozapine samples easier and wider applicable.
Visual design and online shopping experiences: When expertise allows consumers to refocus on website attractiveness
Authors: Jeannot Florence , Jongmans Eline , Dampérat Maud
Published: May 2022

To improve consumers’ online shopping experiences, companies invest in the visual design of their websites. Although some studies show that visual design positively influences consumer reactions, other studies do not confirm that influence. This research is aimed at exploring those contrasting findings by investigating two boundary variables (website use and user expertise) that delimit the scope of the positive influence of visual design on consumer intentions towards using and recommending e-commerce websites. Two preliminary studies (Study A and Study B) investigate the level at which visual design is mentally construed. The two main studies (Study 1 and Study 2) test our research hypotheses. Study 1 results reveal that visual design exerts different effects on individuals’ intentions depending on when the site is evaluated (before vs after use). Study 2 provides greater insight into the role of visual design after the actual use of the website by considering the moderating role of user expertise. Those findings lead to concrete recommendations about how e-retailers can create more engaging experiences.
Concession contract in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Introducing the World Commerce & Contracting Principles in the concession contract
Authors: Sudžuka Emir , Osmanović Irfan
Published: April 2022

Recent years have seen a surge in popularity of concession projects, particularly in certain sectors such as energy, mining, and geological explorations. These projects are not only significant and beneficial for the investors, but they are also boosting local economies. The very foundation of such projects is the concession contract (CC)—contract with both public and private law elements determining the relations between the state organ issuing the concession and the private entity. This paper will focus on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) where CCs are often unbalanced and commonly unilaterally designed by the state party that dictates all of its provisions. Consequently, the private party is placed in a difficult, take-it-or-leave-it situation if it does not want to accept the CC as drafted by the state party. Potential steps toward the implementation of World Commerce & Contracting Principles (WCC Principles) in the CCs in B&H shall be presented, along with their predictable benefits and likely impact on the shortening and balancing the process of negotiating the CC in B&H.
The Role of Embodied Simulation and Visual Imagery in Emotional Contagion with Music
Authors: Cespedes-Guevara Julian , Dibben Nicola
Published: May 2022

Emotional contagion has been explained as arising from embodied simulation. The two most accepted theories of music-induced emotions presume a mechanism of internal mimicry: the BRECVEMA framework proposes that the melodic aspect of music elicits internal mimicry leading to the induction of basic emotions in the listener, and the Multifactorial Process Model proposes that the observation or imagination of motor expressions of the musicians elicits muscular and neural mimicry, and emotional contagion. Two behavioral studies investigated whether, and to what extent, mimicry is responsible for emotion contagion, and second, to what extent context for affective responses in the form of visual imagery moderates emotional responses. Experiment 1 tested whether emotional contagion is influenced by mimicry by manipulating explicit vocal and motor mimicry. In one condition, participants engaged in mimicry of the melodic aspects of the music by singing along with the music, and in another, participants engaged in mimicry of the musician’s gestures when producing the music, by playing along (“air guitar”-style). The experiment did not find confirmatory evidence for either hypothesized simulation mechanism, but it did provide evidence of spontaneous visual imagery consistent with the induced and perceived emotions. Experiment 2 used imagined rather than performed mimicry, but found no association between imagined motor simulation and emotional intensity. Emotional descriptions read prior to hearing the music influenced the type of perceived and induced emotions and support the prediction that visual imagery and associated semantic knowledge shape listeners’ affective experiences with music. The lack of evidence for the causal role of embodied simulation suggests that current theorization of emotion contagion by music needs refinement to reduce the role of simulation relative to other mechanisms. Evidence for induction of affective states that can be modulated by contextual and semantic associations suggests a model of emotion induction consistent with constructionist accounts.
The Relationship Between Workplace Incivility and Psychological Distress: The Moderating Role of Servant Leadership
Authors: Qiu Shaoping , Zhang Ruijuan
Published: May 2022

Background:

The relationship between workplace incivility and psychological distress among nurses has been well-documented in the nursing literature. Management practices to reduce the negative impact are less clear. This study aimed to examine perceived servant leadership as a moderator between workplace incivility and psychological distress among nurses in Chinese hospitals.

Methods:

This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted between September and October 2020. We recruited 1,604 nurses from 13 Chinese hospitals across different regions in China ranging from 18 to 55 years in age ( M = 28.48 years, SD = 6.53 years). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data.

Findings:

The results showed that workplace incivility (β = 0.40, p < .001) and perceived servant leadership (β = −0.13, p < .001), as well as their interaction (β = −0.11, p = .002), predicted nurses’ psychological distress. Perceived servant leadership moderates the relationship between workplace incivility and psychological distress.

Conclusions/Application to Practice:

Servant leaders can create an ethical work climate, display empathy and compassion, and facilitate resilience. Our findings can assist hospital management with support from occupational health providers to recruit, train, and assess nursing supervisors. Also, occupational health providers in collaboration with nursing administration can monitor incivility, psychological distress, servant leadership levels, and impact.
“Posting More than Just a Black Square”: National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes’ Perceptions of the Athletic Department’s Role in Social Media, Racial Justice, and the Black Lives Matter Movement
Authors: Bunch Natalie , Cianfrone Beth A.
Published: April 2022

There is a rise in athletes and sports organizations utilizing social media activism to discuss social injustices. Social media staff are tasked with communicating such messages, often with little insight into how it impacts their athletes. Empirical research is necessary to understand the perspectives of athletes to inform best practices for the staff. The purpose of this study was to assess college student-athletes’ perceptions of their athletic departments’ involvement in promoting racial justice and the Black Lives Matter movement on social media. We surveyed 273 student-athletes from 40 universities for their perspectives. Quantitatively, we explored four factors: affective responses to the posts, perceived conflict, the role of the athletic department in using social media to discuss the topic, and the perceived qualifications of the athletic department to post about the topic. MANOVA revealed Black student-athletes were significantly more likely to believe that it was the athletic department’s role to address racial justice than their non-Black counterparts, with no significant differences in the other three factors. Qualitatively, student-athletes’ reactions were classified into three themes: social activism communication strategy, strategies to develop race conscious culture, and challenges to social media activism. Athletic department staff can utilize the findings to implement a strategy.
Complete Versus Incomplete Surgical Resection in Intramedullary Astrocytoma: Systematic Review with Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Golpayegani Mehdi , Edalatfar Maryam , Ahmadi Ayat , Sadeghi-Naini Mohsen , Salari Farhad , Hanaei Sara , Shokraneh Farhad , Ghodsi Zahra , Vaccaro Alex R. , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
Published: April 2022

Study Design

Systematic review Background: Considering the infiltrative nature of intramedullary astrocytoma, the goal of surgery is to have a better patient related outcome.

Objective

To compare the overall survival (OS) and neurologic outcomes of complete vs incomplete surgical resection for patients with intramedullary astrocytoma.

Methods

A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, CENTRAL and EMBASE was conducted by two independent reviewers. Individual patient data (IPD) analysis and multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Model was developed to measure the effect of surgical strategies on OS, post-operative neurological improvement (PNI), and neurological improvement in the last follow up (FNI).

Results

We included 1079 patients from 35 studies. Individual patient data of 228 patients (13 articles) was incorporated into the integrative IPD analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed complete resection (CR) significantly improved OS in comparison with the incomplete resection (IR) (log-rank test, P = .004). In the multivariate IPD analysis, three prognostic factors had significant effect on the OS: (1) Extent of Resection, (2) pathology grade, and (3) adjuvant therapy. We observed an upward trend in the popularity of chemotherapy, but CR, IR, and radiotherapy had relatively stable trends during three decades.

Conclusion

Our study shows that CR can improve OS when compared to IR. Patients with spinal cord astrocytoma undergoing CR had similar PNI and FNI compared to IR. Therefore, CR should be the primary goal of surgery, but intraoperative decisions on the extent of resection should be relied on to prevent neurologic adverse events. Due to significant effect of adjuvant therapy on OS, PNI and FNI, it could be considered as the routine treatment strategy for spinal cord astrocytoma.
The Impact of Preventive Dental Services on Subsequent Dental Treatment for Children in Medicaid
Authors: Brickhouse T.H. , Yu J. , Kumar A.M. , Dahman B.
Published: May 2022

Objective:

The goal of this study was to use claims data linked with community-level measures to evaluate the impact of preventive services on the time to subsequent restorative, advanced restorative, and complex dental treatment among children enrolled in the Virginia Medicaid program.

Methods:

Four data sources were used (dental claims, eligibility files, American Community Survey, and Area Health Resource Files) for fiscal years 2011 to 2018. The outcomes of interest were time to first treatment services from birth. The treatment outcomes were basic restorative treatment, advanced restorative treatment, or complex treatment. The independent variable was a preventive service prior to a treatment service. Time-to-event curves were estimated and compared using a log-rank test. Propensity score–matched univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards frailty models with an inverse probability censoring weighting correction estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for treatment outcomes comparing use of preventive services while controlling for patient demographic, geospatial, and county-level socioeconomic status measures.

Results:

The analysis included 430,594 children (10,204,182 claims). A log-rank test showed significant differences (P < 0.001) between the times to treatment of those who had a preventive service and those who did not have a preventive service prior to a treatment service. Both Kaplan–Meier curves and the adjusted HR (1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46–2.15) indicated that children without preventive services were more likely to have basic restorative treatment at an earlier age along with advanced restorative treatment (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.28–1.80) and complex treatment (HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.68–2.61).

Conclusions:

In a population of Medicaid-enrolled children, children who did not receive preventive services were significantly more likely to have treatment at an earlier age than those who did receive preventive services.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

This study examines the impact of the utilization of preventive dental services since birth and the subsequent dental treatment for children enrolled in a dental Medicaid program. This study also examines the influence of preventive care on dental complexity of treatment for these children. Findings can inform federal and state policy planning of dental Medicaid programs as well as interventions to improve referral systems for the early use of preventive dental services and the establishment of a dental home.
Evaluation of allogeneic and autologous membrane-bound IL-21–expanded NK cells for chronic lymphocytic leukemia therapy
Authors: Yano Max , Sharpe Chia , Lance J. Rachel , Ravikrishnan Janani , Zapolnik Kevan , Mo Xiaokui , Woyach Jennifer A. , Sampath Deepa , Kittai Adam S. , Vasu Sumithira , Bhat Seema , Rogers Kerry A. , Lee Dean A. , Muthusamy Natarajan , Byrd John C.
Published: April 2022

Successes with anti-CD20 antibodies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and enhanced activity of Fc-engineered vs unmodified antibody therapy suggest a potentially impactful role for natural killer (NK) cells and other innate immune cells in controlling this disease. Stimulated NK cells have shown promise as a cellular therapy, but their application has been constrained by limited expansion capacity and low cytotoxic activity against CLL cells. Here, we demonstrate that both healthy donor-derived and CLL patient-derived NK cells expand rapidly when stimulated with feeder cells expressing membrane-bound interleukin-21 (mbIL-21) and have potent cytotoxic activity against allogeneic or autologous CLL cells. Combination with anti-CD20 antibodies significantly enhances NK recognition and killing of CLL targets. As any CLL immune therapy would likely be given in combination, we assess commonly used treatments and demonstrate that ibrutinib has mixed suppressive and protective effects on expanded NK cells, whereas expanded NKs are highly resistant to venetoclax. We demonstrate efficacy in vivo in 2 xenograft mouse models of human CLL that support building upon a regimen of venetoclax and obinutuzumab with mbIL-21–expanded NK cells. Collectively, these data support development of mbIL-21–expanded NKs combined with the CD20 antibody obinutuzumab and venetoclax in the treatment of CLL.