bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treosulfan-Versus Melphalan-Based Reduced Intensity Conditioning in HLA-Haploidentical Transplantation for Patients ≥ 50 Years with Advanced MDS/AML
Authors: Fraccaroli Alessia , Stauffer Elena , Haebe Sarah , Prevalsek Dusan , Weiss Lena , Dorman Klara , Drolle Heidrun , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Stemmler Hans-Joachim , Herold Tobias , Tischer Johanna
Published: August 2024

Relapse and regimen-related toxicities remain major challenges in achieving long-term survival, particularly among older patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of treosulfan-based conditioning, noting stable engraftment and low non-relapse mortality (NRM) in patients undergoing HLA-matched allo-HSCT. However, data on treosulfan-based conditioning in the HLA-haploidentical transplantation (HaploT) setting are limited. We retrospectively compared conditioning with fludarabine–cyclophosphamide (FC)–melphalan (110 mg/m2) and FC-treosulfan (30 g/m2) prior to HaploT using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in patients with high-risk MDS/AML patients ≥ 50 years, transplanted from 2009–2021 at our institution (n = 80). After balancing patient characteristics by a matched-pair analysis, we identified twenty-one matched pairs. Two-year OS and LFS were similar among the groups (OS 66% and LFS 66%, p = 0.8 and p = 0.57). However, FC-melphalan was associated with a significantly lower probability of relapse compared to FC-treosulfan (0% vs. 24%, p = 0.006), counterbalanced by a higher NRM (33% vs. 10%, p = 0.05). Time to engraftment and incidences of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) did not differ significantly. In conclusion, HaploT using FC-treosulfan in combination with PTCy in patients aged ≥50 years with MDS/AML appears safe and effective, particularly in advanced disease stages. We confirm the favorable extramedullary toxicity profile, allowing for potential dose intensification to enhance antileukemic activity.
Advances in Personalized Oncology
Authors: Mechahougui Hiba , Gutmans James , Colarusso Gina , Gouasmi Roumaïssa , Friedlaender Alex
Published: August 2024

Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have catalyzed a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, steering the focus from conventional, organ-specific protocols to precision medicine. Emerging targeted therapies offer a cutting-edge approach to cancer treatment, while companion diagnostics play an essential role in aligning therapeutic choices with specific molecular changes identified through NGS. Despite these advances, interpreting the clinical implications of a rapidly expanding catalog of genetic mutations remains a challenge. The selection of therapies in the presence of multiple mutations requires careful clinical judgment, supported by quality-centric genomic testing that emphasizes actionable mutations. Molecular tumor boards can play an increasing role in assimilating genomic data into clinical trials, thereby refining personalized treatment approaches and improving patient outcomes.
Facile Synthesis of Ni(OH)2 through Low-Temperature N-Doping for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Zi-Zhang , Fan Ruo-Yao , Yu Ning , Zhou Ya-Nan , Zhang Xin-Yu , Dong Bin , Yan Zi-Feng
Published: August 2024

Nickel hydroxide is a potentially cheap non-precious metal catalytic material for alkaline hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs). Herein, a nickel form (NF)-based nitrogen-modified nickel hydroxide (N-Ni(OH)2/NF) with interlaced two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet structures was synthesized by a simple one-step ammonia vapor-phase hydrothermal method for efficient electrocatalytic HERs. The effect of the reaction temperature of the catalyst preparation on the HERs’ performance was studied in detail. The HER activity of N-Ni(OH)2/NF is enhanced by the large specific surface area, mass transfer and electron conductivity provided by a unique and suitable 2D nanostructure and nitrogen doping. The obtained N-Ni(OH)2/NF not only shows a superior HERs performance, but also exhibits good stability during long-term electrolysis.
Implication of the LRR Domain in the Regulation and Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Cescato Margaux , Zhu Yixiang Y J , Le Corre Laurent , Py Bénédicte F , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie , Rodero Mathieu P
Published: August 2024

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical component of the innate immune response. NLRP3 activation is a tightly controlled process involving an initial priming to express NLRP3, pro-IL-1 β, and pro-IL-18, followed by an activation signal. The precise mechanism of activation is not fully understood due to the diverse range of activators, yet it effectively orchestrates the activation of caspase-1, which subsequently triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. NLRP3 dysregulation can lead to a variety of inflammatory diseases, highlighting its significant role in immune response and disease pathogenesis. NLRP3 is divided into three domains: the PYD, the NACHT, and the LRR domains. This review focuses on the LRR domain of NLRP3, detailing its structural characteristics, its function in pathogen sensing, its role in the degradation process, and its involvement in inflammasome auto-inhibition and activation. Additionally, we discuss the impact of mutations within the LRR domain found in atypical Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), highlighting the clinical relevance of this domain.
Exploring the Effectiveness and Challenges of Community Rehabilitation Service Programs for Children with Developmental Delays: A Qualitative Study from the Perspective of Early Intervention Service Providers in Taiwan
Authors: Sun Shu-Jou , Wang Wei-Lin , Huang Wei-Lun , Ho Wei-Sho
Published: August 2024

This qualitative study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of community rehabilitation programs for children with developmental delays from the perspective of early intervention service providers in Taiwan. Adopting a single-case experimental design (ABM design), this study examined the immediate and sustained effects of interventions on individualized goals during baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases. Additionally, data from interviews with parents, special education teachers, and other participants were collected to understand the challenges and improvement strategies of community rehabilitation programs. Results revealed that community rehabilitation programs for children with developmental delays exhibited both immediate and sustained effectiveness. Challenges faced by parents and professionals differed, with parents having less contact and communication with administrative systems, while professionals experienced more pronounced implementation difficulties during interventions. Moreover, strategies for improving community rehabilitation programs for children with developmental delays should vary for parents and professionals to address inconsistencies in attitudes and strategies among parents and administrative obstacles encountered by professionals.
Mothers’ Adverse Childhood Experiences Moderate the Association between Maternal Anger and Children’s Externalizing Symptoms
Authors: Castro Tiago , Pasion Rita , Antunes Carla , Alves Francisca , Jongenelen Inês , Lamela Diogo
Published: August 2024

Background/objectives: This study examined the association between maternal anger, children’s externalizing symptoms, and the moderating impact of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV). The primary objective was to investigate whether maternal ACEs alter the link between maternal anger and children’s externalizing symptoms, guided by theoretical frameworks such as the stress sensitization and stress steeling models. Methods: A sample of 159 Portuguese mothers exposed to IPV participated in the study, completing a protocol of self-report measures. Measured variables included maternal anger, ACEs, children’s externalizing symptoms, and IPV. Results: Results indicate a significant moderation effect of ACEs on the association between maternal anger and externalizing symptoms at low levels of ACEs. Conversely, at moderate and high ACEs levels, no statistically significant association exists between maternal anger and children’s externalizing symptoms. Conclusions: Clinical implications emphasize the importance of tailored parenting interventions to prevent externalizing symptoms in children, integrating diverse emotion regulation strategies while considering the impact of maternal ACEs.
Acute Kidney Injury in Children: A Focus for the General Pediatrician
Authors: Rivetti Giulio , Gizzone Pietro , Petrone Delfina , Di Sessa Anna , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Guarino Stefano , Marzuillo Pierluigi
Published: August 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) presents significant challenges in pediatric care, often remaining underrecognized. This paper provides an overview of pediatric AKI, highlighting its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, predisposing conditions, and treatment. AKI in children stems from diverse causes, including renal tubular damage, vasoconstriction, and inflammation. Diagnosis relies on traditional markers such as serum creatinine and urine output, alongside emerging biomarkers such as Cystatin C, NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18, TIMP-2 and IGFBP7, urinary calprotectin, URBP4, L-FABP, and clusterin. Various pediatric conditions predispose to AKI, including type 1 diabetes, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, appendicitis, gastroenteritis, COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, sickle cell disease, and malignancies. Treatment entails supportive care with fluid management and, in severe cases, renal replacement therapy. Timely recognition and management are essential to mitigating adverse outcomes. Enhanced awareness and integration of novel biomarkers could improve pediatric AKI care, warranting further research for better diagnosis and management.
Correction: Leppäniemi et al. Nutrition Profile for Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region with Different Income Levels: An Analytical Review. Children 2023, 10, 236
Authors: Leppäniemi Hanna , Ibrahim Eman T. , Abbass Marwa M. S. , Borghi Elaine , Flores-Urrutia Monica C. , Dominguez Muriel Elisa , Gatica-Domínguez Giovanna , Kumapley Richard , Hammerich Asmus , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub
Published: August 2024

In the original publication [...]
Recombinant C-Terminal Catalytic Domain of Rat L-Gulono Lactone Oxidase Produced in Bacterial Cells Is Enzymatically Active
Authors: Gad Abdul Aziz M. , Gora-Sochacka Anna , Sirko Agnieszka
Published: August 2024

The L-gulonolactone oxidase enzyme (GULO) catalyzes the last step of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) biosynthesis. This enzymatic activity is lost in primates. The full-length rat GULO has been previously produced in plants and demonstrated to be active. In this study, we compared the activity of two variants of GULO produced in Escheriachia coli cells, full-length rat GULO (fGULO) and its C-terminal catalytic domain (cGULO). The expression and purification of the recombinant proteins were optimized, and their biological activity was confirmed by two methods, the GULO activity assay in the protein extracts and the ‘in-gel’ staining for GULO activity. Both variants of recombinant GULO were biologically active in both assays. However, cGULO is more promising than fGULO for ascorbic acid production because it is more efficiently produced by bacteria. Furthermore, the optimal activities of the fGULO and cGULO recombinant proteins were observed at pH 7 and 6.5, and at temperatures of 40 and 30 °C, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed that at low substrate concentrations, Km values for fGULO and cGULO were 53.5 ± 5 and 42 ± 6.3 µM, respectively.
On the Nonlinear Behavior of Composite Structures under Multiple Earthquakes Considering Soil–Structure Interaction
Authors: Chorafa Elissavet , Skrapalliou Eumorfia , Katsimpini Panagiota
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the seismic behavior of moment-resistant composite frames with concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns and composite steel beams under multiple earthquakes, considering soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed on 2-, 4-, and 6-storey frames under five real seismic sequences and various soil conditions. The key response parameters included interstorey drift ratios, floor displacements, accelerations, and residual deformations. The results indicate that consecutive ground motions generally increase displacement demands and residual deformations compared to single-event scenarios. Incorporating SSI typically reduces drift ratios and accelerations but increases periods and displacements. Contrary to conventional assumptions, taller buildings exhibited lower maximum interstorey drift ratios, with the second storey consistently experiencing the highest drift across all building heights. Peak floor accelerations varied with building height; low-rise structures showed higher accelerations from earthquake sequences, while mid-rise buildings experienced higher accelerations from single events. These findings challenge traditional assumptions in seismic engineering and underscore the importance of considering multiple earthquake scenarios, building-specific factors, and SSI effects in the seismic design of CFT–steel composite frames. The results suggest a need for revising current design approaches to better account for these complex interactions.
Study on Co-Pyrolysis and Characteristics of Calcite/Biochar Composites
Authors: Li Yaxuan , Wang Haoyang , Pan Tuo , Zhong Tianran , Jiang Jing , Wei Lihui , Jin Pen
Published: August 2024

There has been an increasing recognition of the efficacy of various clay mineral elements in absorbing heavy metallic ions, which can be attributed to their cost-effectiveness, widespread, precise floor area, and remarkable practical groups. A co-pyrolyzing calcite/biochar (CP-CAL/BC) composite was prepared in this study by co-pyrolyzing calcite (CP-CAL) and coconut shell (CS) at 650–750 °C. Several methods were employed to analyze the properties of the synthesized composite. The composite showed efficient adsorption of Pb2+ at a pH of 4.5, primarily by the process of monolayer chemisorption, which is influenced by the composite’s pore structure and boundary layer diffusion. After several repeated experiments, it was observed that all of the CP-CAL/BC composites possessed exceptional regeneration capabilities, consistently removing Pb2+ at high rates. The CP-CAL/BC composite produced at 750 °C showed the greatest extent of resistance to corrosion, surpassing all other composites with a decrease in corrosion of 7.298 × 10−6 A/cm2. The present study confirmed that the CP-CAL/BC composite material has efficient adsorption features for Pb2+ and strong regenerative capability. Furthermore, the material synthesized at high temperatures demonstrated superior corrosion resistance.
Development of an AI-Based Skin Cancer Recognition Model and Its Application in Enabling Patients to Self-Triage Their Lesions with Smartphone Pictures
Authors: Okita Aline Lissa , de Sousa Raquel Machado , Rivero-Zavala Eddy Jens , Okita Karina Lumy , Molina Tinoco Luisa Juliatto , Bulisani Luis Eduardo Pedigoni , dos Santos Andre Pires
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has recently made great advances in dermatology with respect to the classification and malignancy prediction of skin diseases. In this article, we demonstrate how we have used a similar technique to build a mobile application to classify skin diseases captured by patients with their personal smartphone cameras. We used a CNN classifier to distinguish four subtypes of dermatological diseases the patients might have (“pigmentation changes and superficial infections”, “inflammatory diseases and eczemas”, “benign tumors, cysts, scars and callous”, and “suspected lesions”) and their severity in terms of morbidity and mortality risks, as well as the kind of medical consultation the patient should seek. The dataset used in this research was collected by the Department of Telemedicine of Albert Einstein Hospital in Sao Paulo and consisted of 146.277 skin images. In this paper, we show that our CNN models with an overall average classification accuracy of 79% and a sensibility of above 80% implemented in personal smartphones have the potential to lower the frequency of skin diseases and serve as an advanced tracking tool for a patient’s skin-lesion history.
Automated Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening Using Low-Dose Chest CT among Individuals Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening in a Korean Population
Authors: Kang Woo Young , Yang Zepa , Park Heejun , Lee Jemyoung , Hong Suk-Joo , Shim Euddeum , Woo Ok Hee
Published: August 2024

Opportunistic osteoporosis screening using deep learning (DL) analysis of low-dose chest CT (LDCT) scans is a potentially promising approach for the early diagnosis of this condition. We explored bone mineral density (BMD) profiles across all adult ages and prevalence of osteoporosis using LDCT with DL in a Korean population. This retrospective study included 1915 participants from two hospitals who underwent LDCT during general health checkups between 2018 and 2021. Trabecular volumetric BMD of L1-2 was automatically calculated using DL and categorized according to the American College of Radiology quantitative computed tomography diagnostic criteria. BMD decreased with age in both men and women. Women had a higher peak BMD in their twenties, but lower BMD than men after 50. Among adults aged 50 and older, the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 26.3% and 42.0%, respectively. Osteoporosis prevalence was 18.0% in men and 34.9% in women, increasing with age. Compared to previous data obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the prevalence of osteoporosis, particularly in men, was more than double. The automated opportunistic BMD measurements using LDCT can effectively predict osteoporosis for opportunistic screening and identify high-risk patients. Patients undergoing lung cancer screening may especially profit from this procedure requiring no additional imaging or radiation exposure.
Accuracy of Intra-Axial Brain Tumor Characterization in the Emergency MRI Reports: A Retrospective Human Performance Benchmarking Pilot Study
Authors: Sirén Aapo , Turkia Elina , Nyman Mikko , Hirvonen Jussi
Published: August 2024

Demand for emergency neuroimaging is increasing. Even magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often performed outside office hours, sometimes revealing more uncommon entities like brain tumors. The scientific literature studying artificial intelligence (AI) methods for classifying brain tumors on imaging is growing, but knowledge about the radiologist’s performance on this task is surprisingly scarce. Our study aimed to tentatively fill this knowledge gap. We hypothesized that the radiologist could classify intra-axial brain tumors at the emergency department with clinically acceptable accuracy. We retrospectively examined emergency brain MRI reports from 2013 to 2021, the inclusion criteria being (1) emergency brain MRI, (2) no previously known intra-axial brain tumor, and (3) suspicion of an intra-axial brain tumor on emergency MRI report. The tumor type suggestion and the final clinical diagnosis were pooled into groups: (1) glial tumors, (2) metastasis, (3) lymphoma, and (4) other tumors. The final study sample included 150 patients, of which 108 had histopathological tumor type confirmation. Among the patients with histopathological tumor type confirmation, the accuracy of the MRI reports in classifying the tumor type was 0.86 for gliomas against other tumor types, 0.89 for metastases, and 0.99 for lymphomas. We found the result encouraging, given the prolific need for emergency imaging.
Morphological Analysis of the Anatomical Mandibular Lingual Concavity Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans in East Asian Population—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ahn Hee-Ju , Byun Soo-Hwan , Che Sung-Ah , Park Sang-Yoon , Yi Sang-Min , Park In-Young , On Sung-Woon , Yang Byoung-Eun
Published: August 2024

The rising demand for dental implants necessitates addressing anatomical challenges, particularly the shape of the mandible. Incorrectly angling implants can cause lingual perforations, risking damage to the inferior alveolar artery and nerve. This study analyzed 96 cone-beam computed tomography images from individuals aged 20 to 70 (8 males and 8 females) to evaluate mandibular anatomy in four areas: left and right sides and the first and second molars. Mandibular shapes were classified into U, C, and P types. U-shaped mandibles, with a wider crest width, pose the highest risk of lingual perforation. Measurements for U-shaped types included concavity angle, length, and depth. Statistical analyses (T-tests and ANOVA) with a 95% confidence interval showed no significant differences between the left and right sides. However, significant differences based on gender, age, and tooth type were found. The study found U-shapes in 34.6% of cases, P-shapes in 28.9%, and C-shapes in 36.5%, with U-shapes more common in second molars. Understanding these variations enhances the safety and effectiveness of implant procedures and oral surgeries.
Myocarditis, Myositis, and Myasthenia Gravis Overlap Syndrome Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lipe Demis N. , Qdaisat Aiham , Krishnamani Pavitra P. , Nguyen Trung D. , Chaftari Patrick , El Messiri Nour , Srinivasan Aswin , Galvis-Carvajal Elkin , Reyes-Gibby Cielito C. , Wattana Monica K.
Published: August 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly transformed cancer treatment, but their use is linked to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including the rare ICI-associated myocarditis, myositis, and myasthenia gravis (MMM) overlap syndrome. This systematic review aims to highlight MMM’s clinical implications in emergency departments. PubMed and Embase were searched using a specific search strategy. Reports were eligible for inclusion if all three conditions were present and associated with the use of an ICI. Data were extracted by independent reviewers using the Rayyan web application for systematic reviews. Descriptive statistics and qualitative synthesis were used to summarize demographic, clinical, and treatment data for the reported cases. Among 50 cases, predominantly associated with melanoma, lung cancer, and renal cancer, the in-hospital mortality rate was 38.0%. The most commonly presenting symptoms were ptosis (58%), dyspnea (48%), diplopia (42%), or myalgia (36%). The median time from ICI initiation to MMM presentation was 21 days (interquartile range: 15–28 days). Corticosteroids were the primary treatment for the irAEs. MMM, a rare but potentially fatal complication of ICI therapy, requires prompt recognition in emergency settings. Corticosteroids should be initiated if suspected, without waiting for confirmation. Multidisciplinary collaboration is vital for diagnosis and treatment planning. Research on MMM’s link to specific cancers and ICIs is imperative for better risk assessment and interventions.
Using Public Participation GIS to Assess Effects of Industrial Zones on Risk and Landscape Perception: A Case Study of Tehran Oil Refinery, Iran
Authors: Gheitasi Mahdi , Serrano Giné David , Fagerholm Nora , Pérez Albert Yolanda
Published: August 2024

Petrochemical clusters are forms of industrialization that use compounds and polymers derived directly or indirectly from gas or crude oil for chemical applications. They pose a variety of short- and long-term risks to the environment and the people who live nearby. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a correlation between the degree of perceived technological risk and the emotional value generated by the contemplation of the petrochemical industry landscape in order to try to establish strategic lines of action to mitigate the perception of risk and improve the emotional well-being of the population. This study uses manipulated pictures and a Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) survey to assess changes in perception and emotional response in residents in Teheran (Iran). Key findings show an insignificant relationship between technological risk and landscape value perception in both original and manipulated pictures. However, taking into account that, in general, in manipulated pictures, there is a more significant relationship, designing the landscape could help to mitigate the technological risk perception. This study contributes to the broader discussion about industrialization and its environmental and social consequences. It emphasizes the importance of considering public perception when planning and developing industrial areas, so as to balance industrial functionality and environmental and aesthetic considerations for long-term urban development.
Correlation between Sectoral GDP and the Values of Road Freight Transportation in Colombia
Authors: Urazán-Bonells Carlos Felipe , Rondón-Quintana Hugo Alexander , Zafra-Mejía Carlos Alfonso
Published: August 2024

A correlation between economic development and road freight is demonstrated in the literature review provided in this paper. This relationship was studied in relation to the global gross domestic product (GDP) of the countries under review. Therefore, this paper presents the validation of this correlation in the Colombian case, based not only on global GDP, but also on the GDP for each of the main economic sectors of the country. The correlation was analyzed using several of the following statistical methods: correlation using the non-parametric method (Spearman), the causality relationship using the Granger test, the relationship between variables using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and multivariate correlation to establish the level of significance of each economic sector by means of the p-value. The study concludes that the best correlation is between the GDP of some economic sectors and the amount of freight transported one year later.
Digital Twin Technology—A Review and Its Application Model for Prognostics and Health Management of Microelectronics
Authors: Inamdar Adwait , van Driel Willem Dirk , Zhang Guoqi
Published: August 2024

Digital Twins (DT) play a key role in Industry 4.0 applications, and the technology is in the process of being mature. Since its conceptualisation, it has been heavily contextualised and often misinterpreted as being merely a virtual model. Thus, it is crucial to define it clearly and have a deeper understanding of its architecture, workflow, and implementation scales. This paper reviews the notion of a Digital Twin represented in the literature and analyses different kinds of descriptions, including several definitions and architectural models. A new fit-for-all definition is proposed which describes the underlying technology without being context-specific and also overcomes the pitfalls of the existing generalised definitions. In addition, the existing three-dimensional and five-dimensional models of the DT architecture and their characteristic features are analysed. A new simplified two-branched model of DT is introduced, which retains a clear separation between the real and virtual spaces and outlines the latter based on the two key modelling approaches. This model is then extended for condition monitoring of electronic components and systems, and a hybrid approach to Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) is further elaborated on. The proposed framework, enabled by the two-branched Digital Twin model, combines the physics-of-degradation and data-driven approaches and empowers the next generation of reliability assessment methods. Finally, the benefits, challenges, and outlook of the proposed approach are also discussed.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Cyber Domain Controls When Conducting Cybersecurity Audits: Insights from Higher Education Institutions in Canada
Authors: Sabillon Regner , Higuera Juan Ramon Bermejo , Cano Jeimy , Higuera Javier Bermejo , Montalvo Juan Antonio Sicilia
Published: August 2024

This study validates a comprehensive cybersecurity audit model through empirical analysis in three higher education institutions in Canada. The research aims to enhance cybersecurity resilience by assessing the effectiveness of cybersecurity controls across diverse educational environments. Given the increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks targeting educational institutions, this research is essential to ensure the protection of sensitive academic and personal data. Data were collected through detailed audits involving system vulnerabilities, compliance with security policies, and incident response management at each institution. The findings underscore the importance of tailored cybersecurity strategies and continuous auditing to mitigate cyber risks in the Canadian higher education sector. This study contributes to the field by validating a versatile audit tool that can be adapted to various institutional contexts, promoting enhanced cybersecurity practices and evaluating the effectiveness of cybersecurity safeguards across the higher education sector in Canada. The results of the audit model validations provide the cybersecurity maturity rating of each institution. Further research is recommended to refine the model and explore its application in other industries and sectors.
Automated Concrete Bridge Deck Inspection Using Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)-Collected Data: A Machine Learning (ML) Approach
Authors: Pokhrel Rojal , Samsami Reihaneh , Elmi Sayda , Brooks Colin
Published: August 2024

Bridges are crucial components of infrastructure networks that facilitate national connectivity and development. According to the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the cost to repair U.S. bridges was recently estimated at approximately USD 164 billion. Traditionally, bridge inspections are performed manually, which poses several challenges in terms of safety, efficiency, and accessibility. To address these issues, this research study introduces a method using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) to help automate the inspection process. This methodology employs UASs to capture visual images of a concrete bridge deck, which are then analyzed using advanced machine learning techniques of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs) to detect damage and delamination. A case study on the Beyer Road Concrete Bridge in Michigan is used to demonstrate the developed methodology. The findings demonstrate that the ViT model outperforms the CNN in detecting bridge deck damage, with an accuracy of 97%, compared to 92% for the CNN. Additionally, the ViT model showed a precision of 96% and a recall of 97%, while the CNN model achieved a precision of 93% and a recall of 61%. This technology not only enhances the maintenance of bridges but also significantly reduces the risks associated with traditional inspection methods.
Impact of Increment Coring on Growth and Mortality across Various Size Classes of Khasi Pine (Pinus kesiya) in Northern Thailand
Authors: Palakit Kritsadapan , Pumijumnong Nathsuda
Published: August 2024

In response to concerns that increment coring with an increment borer might contribute to the dieback of pine trees in Thailand, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of increment coring on the growth of Khasi pine (Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon) at Doi Khuntan National Park in northern Thailand. Increment coring is commonly used in dendrochronology, but its impact on tree growth needs to be better understood. This study involved the selection of pine trees of varying diameters, categorizing them into control (uncored) and experimental (cored) groups. Subsequently, data were collected bimonthly from September 2018 to April 2023, except for interruptions from February 2020 to December 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Tree diameters at breast height were measured, and image analysis was used to monitor the wound healing every two months. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare the growth of cored and uncored groups and the wound healing rates among small-, medium-, and large-tree groups. The growth of cored and uncored Khasi pines within the same and different diameter classes showed no significant differences nor did the wound healing rates. The findings indicated that increment coring had an insignificant impact on the tree growth across all diameter classes, with wounds healing effectively within 14 months. These results support the continued and safe use of increment coring with an increment borer as a non-destructive method for collecting tree-ring and wood samples for climate research and for providing valuable insights into forest management practices.
Development of a Sensitive Monoclonal Antibody-Based Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Lomefloxacin Detection in Meat Products
Authors: Zhou Xinghua , Pan Wenwen , Li Na , Salah Mahmoud , Guan Shuoning , Li Xiaolan , Wang Yun
Published: August 2024

Lomefloxacin (LOM), an antibiotic crucial for preventing various animal diseases in animal husbandry, can pose serious health risks when found in excessive amounts in meat products. The development of highly specific and sensitive colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips is essential for the accurate detection of this class of antibiotics. Our study utilized a monoclonal antibody (mAb) assay and immunochromatographic strips to detect lomefloxacin residues in meat products. The results showed minimal cross-reactivity with other structural analogs, with a maximum half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.93 ng/mL and a linear range of 0.38 to 2.3 ng/mL for the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA). The recovery of LOM was 80% to 120%, with an average coefficient of variation below 5%. The immunochromatographic strip test results showed a visual detection limit of 2.5 ng/g, meeting the market requirements for the test. This study highlights the significance of specific and sensitive testing methods for detecting lomefloxacin, ensuring consumers’ safety and health.
Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Effects of Soybean Oligopeptides Conjugated with Mannose
Authors: Pitchakarn Pornsiri , Buacheen Pensiri , Taya Sirinya , Karinchai Jirarat , Temviriyanukul Piya , Inthachat Woorawee , Chaipoot Supakit , Wiriyacharee Pairote , Phongphisutthinant Rewat , Ounjaijean Sakaewan , Boonyapranai Kongsak
Published: August 2024

Soy protein is considered to be a high-quality protein with a range of important biological functions. However, the applications of soy protein are limited due to its poor solubility and high level of allergenicity. Its peptides have been of interest because they exert the same biological functions as soy protein, but are easier to absorb, more stable and soluble, and have a lower allergenicity. Moreover, recent research found that an attachment of chemical moieties to peptides could improve their properties including their biodistribution, pharmacokinetic, and biological activities with lower toxicity. This study therefore aimed to acquire scientific evidence to support the further application and safe use of the soybean oligopeptide (OT) conjugated with allulose (OT-AL) or D-mannose (OT-Man). The anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of OT, OT-AL, and OT-Man were investigated. The results showed that OT, AL, Man, OT-AL, and OT-Man at doses of up to 1000 µg/mL were not toxic to HepG2 (liver cancer cells), HEK293 (kidney cells), LX-2 (hepatic stellate cells), and pre- and mature-3T3-L1 (fibroblasts and adipocytes, respectively), while slightly delaying the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells (macrophages) at high doses. In addition, the oligopeptides at up to 800 µg/mL were not toxic to isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and did not induce hemolysis in human red blood cells (RBCs). OT-Man (200 and 400 µg/mL), but not OT, AL, Man, and OT-AL, significantly reduced the production of NO and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting that the mannose conjugation of soy peptide had an inhibitory effect against LPS-stimulated inflammation. In addition, the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulated by LPS was significantly reduced by OT-AL (200 and 400 µg/mL) and OT-Man (400 µg/mL). The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level was significantly decreased by OT (400 µg/mL), AL (400 µg/mL), OT-AL (200 µg/mL), and OT-Man (200 and 400 µg/mL) in the LPS-stimulated cells. The conjugation of the peptides with either AL or Man is likely to be enhance the anti-inflammation ability to inhibit the secretion of cytokines. As OT-Man exhibited a high potential to inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages, its mutagenicity ability was then assessed in bacteria and Drosophila. These findings showed that OT-Man did not trigger DNA mutations and was genome-safe. This study provides possible insights into the health advantages and safe use of conjugated soybean peptides.
No Evidence That Vitamin D Levels or Deficiency Are Associated with the Risk of Open-Angle Glaucoma in Individuals of European Ancestry: A Mendelian Randomisation Analysis
Authors: Kanso Nour , Hashimi Munisa , Amin Hasnat A. , Day Alexander C. , Drenos Fotios
Published: August 2024

Background: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, with intraocular pressure as the only known modifiable risk factor. Vitamin D has been proposed to influence intraocular pressure and decrease retinal ganglion cell degeneration. Based on these findings, vitamin D has been suggested to prevent or reduce the severity of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), which is the most common form. Methods: We applied two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses to data from the SUNLIGHT consortium and the UK Biobank to assess the causal effect of vitamin D levels and vitamin D deficiency on primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). MR analysis, including sensitivity tests using other GWAS summary statistics from FinnGen, was also performed. We also investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on genes involved in vitamin D metabolic pathways and POAG. Results: We found no statistical evidence that vitamin D levels (OR = 1.146, 95% CI 0.873 to 1.504, p = 0.326) or vitamin D deficiency (OR = 0.980 (95% CI 0.928 to 1.036, p = 0.471) causally affect the risk of developing POAG. Sensitivity analyses, including the use of a more relaxed p-value threshold, and use of winter-measured samples only, replication in the FinnGen dataset, and exploration of specific genetic markers also showed no evidence of association between SNPs for genes involved in key steps of vitamin D metabolism and POAG. Conclusions: These results indicate that vitamin D may not be a significant factor in modifying POAG risk, challenging the hypothesis that vitamin D supplementation could be effective in reducing POAG risk. Further research should focus on identifying other potential risk factors for POAG prevention strategies.
Stealth Metasomatism in Granulites from Ivrea (NW Italy): Hydration of the (Variscan) Lower Crust by Melt Flow
Authors: Karastergios Stylianos , Ferrando Simona , Kunz Barbara E. , Frezzotti Maria Luce
Published: August 2024

Granulites and associated dykes from the less well-studied southern Ivrea–Verbano Zone (around Ivrea town) are characterized by combining field, macro, micro and chemical (major and trace-element mineral composition) data to identify chemical and rheological variations in the lower crust that could be relevant for geodynamic implications. The Ivrea granulites are similar to those in the Lower Mafic Complex of the central Ivrea–Verbano Zone. The mafic lithologies experienced stealth metasomatism (pargasitic amphibole and An-rich plagioclase) that occurred, at suprasolidus conditions, by a pervasive reactive porous flow of mantle-derived orogenic (hydrous) basaltic melts infiltrated along, relatively few, deformation-assisted channels. The chemical composition of the metasomatic melts is similar to that of melts infiltrating the central and northern Ivrea–Verbano Zone. This widespread metasomatism, inducing a massive regional hydration of the lowermost Southalpine mafic crust, promoted a plastic behavior in the lowermost part of the crust during the Early Mesozoic and, ultimately, the Triassic extension of the Variscan crust and the beginning of the Alpine cycle.
Opposing Trends in Antiracism in North Atlantic Rim Universities: Converging Interests or Public Non-Performativity?
Authors: Roberts David B.
Published: August 2024

University senior management teams are reacting to an evolving trend of identifying and eliminating institutional racism in universities along the North Atlantic Rim. They are tasked with designing and constructing processes for the implementation of remedial antiracist policies, in conjunction with minority employee interest groups, in a putatively inclusive but also hegemonically White environment. Evidence is presented from an international academic survey of non-managerial university minorities, comprising mainly academics and conducted in 2021. This reveals a trend whereby Sara Ahmed’s model of performativity and non-performativity in antiracism is shown to be contingent upon the reputational interests of university senior management, as predicted in Derrick Bell’s convergence theory. This article presents a new synthesized model to explain and predict the trend of non-performativity in university antiracist practices, and then identifies further strands of research that might focus on closing the convergence gap to make antiracism leadership more substantive.
Advances on the Photoperiodic Regulation of Plant Flowering: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Luo Jian , Lv Hengmin , Shu Yiting , Mei Guihu , You Xiong , Hou Xilin
Published: August 2024

Light is a crucial environmental factor for plant growth and development, and the light required for plant development on Earth mainly comes from solar radiation. Light not only affects the photomorphogenesis of plants as a trigger signal but also has an important influence on the whole development of plants. The study of photoperiod regulation of plant flowering is crucial in agricultural practice, as it directly affects plant variety selection, introductory adaptation, and yield stability. In this paper, we used the Bibliometrix package in R Studio, VOSviewer, and Citespace to bibliometrically and statistically analyze 3919 publications in the Web of Science core ensemble database from 2000 to 2023 and to explore the progress and trends in the study of photoperiodic regulation of plant flowering. Literature visualization techniques were used to analyze the annual quantitative distribution of the studies in the dataset, and co-occurrence analysis of collaboration between authors, co-occurrence analysis of collaboration between organizations, co-citation analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and identification of topic evolution were also performed. The results show that the number of publications on photoperiodic regulation of plant flowering is increasing every year, showing a significant diversification and globalization trend in this research area. Growth, gene expression, and Arabidopsis thaliana are the most popular research areas in this field. Flowering gene networks and signaling pathways in the photoperiodic pathway, systems biology and multi-omics, environmental adaptation studies, and cross-species comparisons are current research hotspots. The thematic evolution suggests that environmental change, crop improvement and sustainable agriculture, light quality, and biological clock regulation may be foci of future research. This study reveals the research trends in photoperiodic regulation of plant flowering over the past 23 years and the areas where more research inputs are needed in the future, aiming to offer guidance for future research endeavors in the field of photoperiodic regulation of plant flowering.
Enhanced Characterization of Fractured Zones in Bedrock Using Hydraulic Tomography through Joint Inversion of Hydraulic Head and Flux Data
Authors: Dong Yanhui , Fu Yunmei , Wang Liheng
Published: August 2024

Hydraulic tomography (HT) is a promising technique for high-resolution imaging of subsurface heterogeneity, which addresses the limitations of traditional methods, such as borehole drilling and geophysical surveys. This study focuses on the application of HT to detect and characterize fractured zones in bedrock and addresses the gap in the understanding of the role of distributed flux data in the joint inversion of hydraulic head and flux data. By conducting synthetic injection tests and using sequential successive linear estimators for inversion, the study explores the effectiveness of combining limited head data with distributed temperature sensing (A-DTS)-derived flux data. The findings highlight the fact that integrating flux data significantly enhances the accuracy of identifying fracture permeability characteristics, even when head data is sparse. This approach not only improves the resolution of hydraulic conductivity fields but also offers a cost-effective strategy for practical field applications. The results underscore the potential of HT to enhance our understanding of groundwater flow and contaminant transport in fractured media, which has important implications for carbon capture, enhanced geothermal systems, and radioactive waste disposal.
Consumption of Bottled Water and Chronic Diseases: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dolcini Jacopo , Chiavarini Manuela , Firmani Giorgio , Ponzio Elisa , D’Errico Marcello Mario , Barbadoro Pamela
Published: August 2024

Plastic pollution is a growing concern. It can form smaller particles called microplastics (<5 mm). Microplastics can break down into even smaller pieces called nanoplastics (<1 μm). These minute particles can infiltrate human cells and tissues, with their health impacts still largely undetermined. On average, a liter of bottled water includes about 240,000 tiny pieces of plastic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the use of bottled plastic water (BW) and several health outcomes. Utilizing data from the Italian National Institute of Statistics’ “Aspects of Daily Life” survey (N = 45,597), we employed logistic regression to explore the correlation between BW consumption and the prevalence of various chronic diseases, including hypertension, gastric/duodenal ulcers, and kidney stones. Adjustments were made for covariates such as education, age, gender, and economic resources. Our analysis indicated a statistically significant association between BW consumption and increased risk of hypertension (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.11), diabetes (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.18), gastric/duodenal ulcers (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.07–1.38), and kidney stones (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.03–1.32). The consumption of BW is associated with heightened risk for certain health conditions. Policymakers and healthcare providers should consider implementing targeted prevention strategies and awareness campaigns.