bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellular anatomy of the mouse primary motor cortex
Authors: Muñoz-Castañeda Rodrigo , Zingg Brian , Matho Katherine S. , Chen Xiaoyin , Wang Quanxin , Foster Nicholas N. , Li Anan , Narasimhan Arun , Hirokawa Karla E. , Huo Bingxing , Bannerjee Samik , Korobkova Laura , Park Chris Sin , Park Young-Gyun , Bienkowski Michael S. , Chon Uree , Wheeler Diek W. , Li Xiangning , Wang Yun , Naeemi Maitham , Xie Peng , Liu Lijuan , Kelly Kathleen , An Xu , Attili Sarojini M. , Bowman Ian , Bludova Anastasiia , Cetin Ali , Ding Liya , Drewes Rhonda , D’Orazi Florence , Elowsky Corey , Fischer Stephan , Galbavy William , Gao Lei , Gillis Jesse , Groblewski Peter A. , Gou Lin , Hahn Joel D. , Hatfield Joshua T. , Hintiryan Houri , Huang Junxiang Jason , Kondo Hideki , Kuang Xiuli , Lesnar Philip , Li Xu , Li Yaoyao , Lin Mengkuan , Lo Darrick , Mizrachi Judith , Mok Stephanie , Nicovich Philip R. , Palaniswamy Ramesh , Palmer Jason , Qi Xiaoli , Shen Elise , Sun Yu-Chi , Tao Huizhong W. , Wakemen Wayne , Wang Yimin , Yao Shenqin , Yuan Jing , Zhan Huiqing , Zhu Muye , Ng Lydia , Zhang Li I. , Lim Byung Kook , Hawrylycz Michael , Gong Hui , Gee James C. , Kim Yongsoo , Chung Kwanghun , Yang X. William , Peng Hanchuan , Luo Qingming , Mitra Partha P. , Zador Anthony M. , Zeng Hongkui , Ascoli Giorgio A. , Josh Huang Z. , Osten Pavel , Harris Julie A. , Dong Hong-Wei
Published: October 2021

An essential step toward understanding brain function is to establish a structural framework with cellular resolution on which multi-scale datasets spanning molecules, cells, circuits and systems can be integrated and interpreted1. Here, as part of the collaborative Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN), we derive a comprehensive cell type-based anatomical description of one exemplar brain structure, the mouse primary motor cortex, upper limb area (MOp-ul). Using genetic and viral labelling, barcoded anatomy resolved by sequencing, single-neuron reconstruction, whole-brain imaging and cloud-based neuroinformatics tools, we delineated the MOp-ul in 3D and refined its sublaminar organization. We defined around two dozen projection neuron types in the MOp-ul and derived an input–output wiring diagram, which will facilitate future analyses of motor control circuitry across molecular, cellular and system levels. This work provides a roadmap towards a comprehensive cellular-resolution description of mammalian brain architecture.
Integrating object detection and image segmentation for detecting the tool wear area on stitched image
Authors: Lin Wan-Ju , Chen Jian-Wen , Jhuang Jian-Ping , Tsai Meng-Shiun , Hung Che-Lun , Li Kuan-Ming , Young Hong-Tsu
Published: October 2021

Flank wear is the most common wear that happens in the end milling process. However, the process of detecting the flank wear is cumbersome. To achieve comprehensively automatic detecting the flank wear area of the spiral end milling cutter, this study proposed a novel flank wear detection method of combining the template matching and deep learning techniques to expand the curved surface images into panorama images, which is more available to detect the flank wear areas without choosing a specific position of cutting tool image. You Only Look Once v4 model was employed to automatically detect the range of cutting tips. Then, popular segmentation models, namely, U-Net, Segnet and Autoencoder were used to extract the areas of the tool flank wear. To evaluate the segmenting performance among these models, U-Net model obtained the best maximum dice coefficient score with 0.93. Moreover, the predicting wear areas of the U-Net model is presented in the trend figure, which can determine the times of the tool change depend on the curve of the tool wear. Overall, the experiments have shown that the proposed methods can effectively extract the tool wear regions of the spiral cutting tool. With the developed system, users can obtain detailed information about the cutting tool before being worn severely to change the cutting tools in advance.
Rapid transmission of respiratory infections within but not between mountain gorilla groups
Authors: Morrison Robin E. , Mushimiyimana Yvonne , Stoinski Tara S. , Eckardt Winnie
Published: October 2021

Minimizing disease transmission between humans and wild apes and controlling outbreaks in ape populations is vital to both ape conservation and human health, but information on the transmission of real infections in wild populations is rare. We analyzed respiratory outbreaks in a subpopulation of wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) between 2004 and 2020. We investigated transmission within groups during 7 outbreaks using social networks based on contact and proximity, and transmission between groups during 15 outbreaks using inter-group encounters, transfers and home range overlap. Patterns of contact and proximity within groups were highly predictable based on gorillas’ age and sex. Disease transmission within groups was rapid with a median estimated basic reproductive number (R0) of 4.18 (min = 1.74, max = 9.42), and transmission was not predicted by the social network. Between groups, encounters and transfers did not appear to have enabled disease transmission and the overlap of groups’ ranges did not predict concurrent outbreaks. Our findings suggest that gorilla social structure, with many strong connections within groups and weak ties between groups, may enable rapid transmission within a group once an infection is present, but limit the transmission of infections between groups.
A bioinspired neural architecture search based convolutional neural network for breast cancer detection using histopathology images
Authors: Oyelade Olaide N. , Ezugwu Absalom E.
Published: October 2021

The design of neural architecture to address the challenge of detecting abnormalities in histopathology images can leverage the gains made in the field of neural architecture search (NAS). The NAS model consists of a search space, search strategy and evaluation strategy. The approach supports the automation of deep learning (DL) based networks such as convolutional neural networks (CNN). Automating the process of CNN architecture engineering using this approach allows for finding the best performing network for learning classification problems in specific domains and datasets. However, the engineering process of NAS is often limited by the potential solutions in search space and the search strategy. This problem often narrows the possibility of obtaining best performing networks for challenging tasks such as the classification of breast cancer in digital histopathological samples. This study proposes a NAS model with a novel search space initialization algorithm and a new search strategy. We designed a block-based stochastic categorical-to-binary (BSCB) algorithm for generating potential CNN solutions into the search space. Also, we applied and investigated the performance of a new bioinspired optimization algorithm, namely the Ebola optimization search algorithm (EOSA), for the search strategy. The evaluation strategy was achieved through computation of loss function, architectural latency and accuracy. The results obtained using images from the BACH and BreakHis databases showed that our approach obtained best performing architectures with the top-5 of the architectures yielding a significant detection rate. The top-1 CNN architecture demonstrated a state-of-the-art performance of base on classification accuracy. The NAS strategy applied in this study and the resulting candidate architecture provides researchers with the most appropriate or suitable network configuration for using digital histopathology.
Beneficial effects of a mouthwash containing an antiviral phthalocyanine derivative on the length of hospital stay for COVID-19: randomised trial
Authors: da Silva Santos Paulo Sérgio , da Fonseca Orcina Bernardo , Machado Rafael Rahal Guaragna , Vilhena Fabiano Vieira , da Costa Alves Lucas Marques , Zangrando Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti , de Oliveira Rodrigo Cardoso , Soares Mariana Quirino Silveira , Simão Andréa Name Colado , Pietro Emilene Cristine Izu Nakamura , Kuroda Juliana Pescinelli Garcia , de Almeida Benjamim Ivanilda Aparecida , Araujo Danielle Bastos , Toma Sérgio Hiroshi , Flor Lourival , Araki Koiti , Durigon Edison Luiz
Published: October 2021

The risk of contamination and dissemination by SARS-CoV-2 has a strong link with nasal, oral and pharyngeal cavities. Recently, our research group observed the promising performance of an anionic phthalocyanine derivative (APD) used in a mouthwash protocol without photoexcitation; this protocol improved the general clinical condition of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The present two-arm study evaluated in vitro the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of APD. Additionally, a triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with 41 hospitalized patients who tested positive for COVID-19. All the included patients received World Health Organization standard care hospital treatment (non-intensive care) plus active mouthwash (experimental group AM/n = 20) or nonactive mouthwash (control group NAM/n = 21). The adjunct mouthwash intervention protocol used in both groups consisted one-minute gargling/rinsing / 5 times/day until hospital discharge. Groups were compared considering age, number of comorbidities, duration of symptoms prior admission and length of hospital stay (LOS). The associations between group and sex, age range, presence of comorbidities, admission to Intensive care unit (ICU) and death were also evaluated. The in vitro evaluation demonstrated that APD compound was highly effective for reduction of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the 1.0 mg/mL (99.96%) to 0.125 mg/mL (92.65%) range without causing cytotoxicity. Regarding the clinical trial, the median LOS of the AM group was significantly shortened (4 days) compared with that of the NAM group (7 days) (p = 0.0314). Additionally, gargling/rinsing with APD was very helpful in reducing the severity of symptoms (no ICU care was needed) compared to not gargling/rinsing with APD (28.6% of the patients in the NAM group needed ICU care, and 50% of this ICU subgroup passed way, p = 0.0207). This study indicated that the mechanical action of the protocol involving mouthwash containing a compound with antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 may reduce the symptoms of the patients and the spread of infection. The use of APD in a mouthwash as an adjuvant the hospital COVID-19 treatment presented no contraindication and reduced the hospital stay period.

Trial registration: The clinical study was registered at REBEC—Brazilian Clinical Trial Register (RBR-58ftdj).
The Drake Passage opening from an experimental fluid dynamics point of view
Authors: Vincze Miklós , Bozóki Tamás , Herein Mátyás , Borcia Ion Dan , Harlander Uwe , Horicsányi Attila , Nyerges Anita , Rodda Costanza , Pál András , Pálfy József
Published: October 2021

Pronounced global cooling around the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) was a pivotal event in Earth’s climate history, controversially associated with the opening of the Drake Passage. Using a physical laboratory model we revisit the fluid dynamics of this marked reorganization of ocean circulation. Here we show, seemingly contradicting paleoclimate records, that in our experiments opening the pathway yields higher values of mean water surface temperature than the “closed” configuration. This mismatch points to the importance of the role ice albedo feedback plays in the investigated EOT-like transition, a component that is not captured in the laboratory model. Our conclusion is supported by numerical simulations performed in a global climate model (GCM) of intermediate complexity, where both “closed” and “open” configurations were explored, with and without active sea ice dynamics. The GCM results indicate that sea surface temperatures would change in the opposite direction following an opening event in the two sea ice dynamics settings, and the results are therefore consistent both with the laboratory experiment (slight warming after opening) and the paleoclimatic data (pronounced cooling after opening). It follows that in the hypothetical case of an initially ice-free Antarctica the continent could have become even warmer after the opening, a scenario not indicated by paleotemperature reconstructions.
AHA1 regulates cell migration and invasion via the EMT pathway in colorectal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Kim Dasom , Moon Ji Wook , Min Dong Hwa , Ko Eun Sun , Ahn Bokyung , Kim Eun Sun , Lee Ji-Yun
Published: October 2021

The progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been well studied and understood with the development of molecular and genetic techniques. However, specific marker(s) that could be used to predict lymph node (LN) involvement, which is the most important prognostic factor for CRC, have not been identified so far. Our previous study, in which network analysis of LN(+) and LN(−) CRC gene expression was carried out with data obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas, led to the identification ofAHA1.AHA1is a co-chaperone activator of the Hsp90 ATPase activity. However, the role ofAHA1expression in cancer cells is still unclear. To investigate howAHA1expression regulates the cancer cell progression and/or metastasis of human CRC, the expression levels ofAHA1and Hsp90 were examined in 105 CRC tissue samples and compared with those in paired normal tissue. The RNA expression levels ofAHA1and Hsp90aa1, but not Hsp90ab, were significantly higher in cancer tissues than in adjacent paired normal tissues (p = 0.032 and p = 0.0002, respectively). In particular,AHA1, but not Hsp90aa1 and Hsp90ab, was closely associated with the TNM stage, LN stage, and tumor metastasis (p = 0.035, p = 0.012, and p = 0.0003, respectively). Moreover, the expression ofAHA1was not only higher in the CRC cell lines than in the normal colon fibroblast cell line but was also associated with the progression of these CRC cell lines. Overexpression ofAHA1in SW480 cells increased, whereas suppression ofAHA1expression in HCT116 cells reduced cell migration and invasion through the regulation of Snail, E-cadherin, pSRC, and pAKT, which are associated with EMT signaling. Taken together, our study suggests thatAHA1contributes to the metastatic advantage of human CRC.
Atomistic mechanisms for frictional energy dissipation during continuous sliding
Authors: Krylov S. Yu. , Frenken J. W. M.
Published: October 2021

After more than a century of detailed investigations into sliding friction, we have not arrived yet at a basic understanding of energy dissipation, even for the simple geometry of a rigid slider moving over a perfectly periodic counter surface. In this article, we use a first-principles-based analysis to establish the atomistic mechanisms of frictional energy dissipation for a rigid object that moves continuously in the periodic surface potential landscape of a solid with vibrational degrees of freedom. We identify two mechanisms that can be viewed as (i) the continuous pumping of energy into the resonant modes, if these exist, and (ii) the destructive interference of the force contributions introduced by all excited phonon modes. These mechanisms act already in a purely dynamic system that includes independent, non-interacting phonon modes, and they manifest irreversibility as a kind of “dynamical stochastization”. In contrast to wide-spread views, we show that the transformation of mechanical energy into heat, that always takes place in real systems due to the coupling between phonon modes, can play only a minor role in the appearance of friction, if any. This insight into the microscopic mechanisms of energy dissipation opens a new, direct way towards true control over friction.
Incidence, causes and consequences of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury as determined by Abbreviated Injury Score in the Netherlands
Authors: Jochems Denise , van Rein Eveline , Niemeijer Menco , van Heijl Mark , van Es Michael A. , Nijboer Tanja , Leenen Luke P. H. , Houwert R. Marijn , van Wessem Karlijn J. P.
Published: October 2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability. Epidemiology seems to be changing. TBIs are increasingly caused by falls amongst elderly, whilst we see less polytrauma due to road traffic accidents (RTA). Data on epidemiology is essential to target prevention strategies. A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted. The Dutch National Trauma Database was used to identify all patients over 17 years old who were admitted to a hospital with moderate and severe TBI (AIS ≥ 3) in the Netherlands from January 2015 until December 2017. Subgroup analyses were done for the elderly and polytrauma patients. 12,295 patients were included in this study. The incidence of moderate and severe TBI was 30/100.000 person-years, 13% of whom died. Median age was 65 years and falls were the most common trauma mechanism, followed by RTAs. Amongst elderly, RTAs consisted mostly of bicycle accidents. Mortality rates were higher for elderly (18%) and polytrauma patients (24%). In this national database more elderly patients who most often sustained the injury due to a fall or an RTA were seen. Bicycle accidents were very frequent, suggesting prevention could be an important aspect in order to decrease morbidity and mortality.
Skeletally immature patient showed lower graft maturity than skeletally mature patient after ACL reconstruction with a rounded rectangular femoral tunnel
Authors: Asai Kazuki , Nakase Junsuke , Shimozaki Kengo , Yoshimizu Rikuto , Kimura Mitsuhiro , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: October 2021

To compare the clinical results and ligamentization of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between skeletally immature and mature patients. Two-hundred-and-two patients who underwent primary ACLR were evaluated retrospectively. The clinical outcomes were compared between skeletally immature (immature group 1, n = 27) and mature (control group 1, n = 175) groups. Graft ligamentization of the reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity at 6 months postoperatively was compared between immature group 2 (n = 16), which included participants from immature group 1, and control group 2 (n = 32), created by recruiting data-matched controls from control group 1. Immature group 1 had significantly higher revision (14.8%) and pivot shift test positive (22.2%) rates than control group 1 (2.9% and 4.0%, respectively) (P = 0.020 and 0.003, respectively). The signal intensity in immature group 2 were significantly higher at the mid-substance and distal site of the reconstructed ACL than those in control group 2 (P = 0.003 and 0.034, respectively). Skeletally immature patients had higher graft revision and residual rotational laxity rates. Reconstructed ACL in skeletally immature patients showed higher signal intensity on MRI at 6 months postoperatively.
Analysis focusing on plasma von Willebrand factor in pachychoroid neovasculopathy and age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Hirai Hiromasa , Yamashita Mariko , Matsumoto Masanori , Hayakawa Masaki , Sakai Kazuya , Ueda Tetsuo , Ogata Nahoko
Published: October 2021

Pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) is a new concept of macular disorder. Some cases diagnosed as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have been re-diagnosed as PNV. However, the biological features of PNV are still uncertain. The purpose of this study was to compare PNV and AMD by analyses focusing on von Willebrand factor (VWF) and complement factor H (CFH). Ninety-seven patients who were previously diagnosed with treatment naïve AMD were enrolled in this study. They were re-classified as either PNV or AMD based on the clinical criteria and 33 patients were classified as PNV and 64 patients as AMD. We examined the clinical data, analyzed VWF multimer and two genetic polymorphisms (I62V and Y402H) in the CFH. PNV group was significantly younger than AMD group (P = 0.001). In both I62V and Y402H, there were no significant differences between PNV and AMD while the recessive homozygous (AA) was found only in PNV group in I62V. The presence of unusually large VWF multimers (UL-VWFMs) and subretinal hemorrhages were significantly higher in PNV than in AMD (P = 0.045, P = 0.020, respectively). Thus, the residual UL-VWFMs may result in platelet thrombosis and hemorrhages in the choriocapillaris of PNV. In conclusion, our results suggest the biological differences between PNV and AMD.
Nutritional behaviors of women and men in Poland during confinement related to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic
Authors: Bolesławska Izabela , Błaszczyk-Bębenek Ewa , Jagielski Paweł , Jagielska Anna , Przysławski Juliusz
Published: October 2021

The influence of the confinement on the changes of eating behaviors in men and women in Poland and between groups were assessed. Results were obtained for 112 men and 200 women. An anonymous questionnaire available on-line from 29 April to 19 May 2020 was the research tool. It contained questions about the frequency of consumption "before" and "during" confinement. Additionally, anthropometric measurements were declared by the respondents. An increase in the number of meals and an improvement in their regularity were observed in both groups. However, the frequency of snacking also increased. During lockdown women consumed potatoes, sweets, canned meat and eggs and men consumed canned meat more frequently. Products consumed less frequently were: fast food, instant soups and energy drinks (women), and white bread and fast food (men). The frequency of alcohol consumption also increased during lockdown. Average body weight and BMI increased significantly during social isolation. Body weight increase was declared by almost half of women and 40% of men. During the blockade period caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the dietary behavior of the study group of women and men were found. The nature of these changes varied according to gender and the dietary parameters analyzed.
Spatially explicit paleogenomic simulations support cohabitation with limited admixture between Bronze Age Central European populations
Authors: Rio Jérémy , Quilodrán Claudio S. , Currat Mathias
Published: October 2021

The Bronze Age is a complex period of social, cultural and economic changes. Recent paleogenomic studies have documented a large and rapid genetic change in early Bronze Age populations from Central Europe. However, the detailed demographic and genetic processes involved in this change are still debated. Here we have used spatially explicit simulations of genomic components to better characterize the demographic and migratory conditions that may have led to this change. We investigated various scenarios representing the expansion of pastoralists from the Pontic steppe, potentially linked to the Yamnaya cultural complex, and their interactions with local populations in Central Europe, considering various eco-evolutionary factors, such as population admixture, competition and long-distance dispersal. Our results do not support direct competition but rather the cohabitation of pastoralists and farmers in Central Europe, with limited gene flow between populations. They also suggest occasional long-distance migrations accompanying the expansion of pastoralists and a demographic decline in both populations following their initial contact. These results link recent archaeological and paleogenomic observations and move further the debate of genomic changes during the early Bronze Age.
A rice QTL GS3.1 regulates grain size through metabolic-flux distribution between flavonoid and lignin metabolons without affecting stress tolerance
Authors: Zhang Yi-Min , Yu Hong-Xiao , Ye Wang-Wei , Shan Jun-Xiang , Dong Nai-Qian , Guo Tao , Kan Yi , Xiang You-Huang , Zhang Hai , Yang Yi-Bing , Li Ya-Chao , Zhao Huai-Yu , Lu Zi-Qi , Guo Shuang-Qin , Lei Jie-Jie , Liao Ben , Mu Xiao-Rui , Cao Ying-Jie , Yu Jia-Jun , Lin Hong-Xuan
Published: October 2021

Grain size is a key component trait of grain weight and yield. Numbers of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified in various bioprocesses, but there is still little known about how metabolism-related QTLs influence grain size and yield. The current study report GS3.1, a QTL that regulates rice grain size via metabolic flux allocation between two branches of phenylpropanoid metabolism. GS3.1 encodes a MATE (multidrug and toxic compounds extrusion) transporter that regulates grain size by directing the transport of p-coumaric acid from the p-coumaric acid biosynthetic metabolon to the flavonoid biosynthetic metabolon. A natural allele of GS3.1 was identified from an African rice with enlarged grains, reduced flavonoid content and increased lignin content in the panicles. Notably, the natural allele of GS3.1 caused no alterations in other tissues and did not affect stress tolerance, revealing an ideal candidate for breeding efforts. This study uncovers insights into the regulation of grain size though metabolic-flux distribution. In this way, it supports a strategy of enhancing crop yield without introducing deleterious side effects on stress tolerance mechanisms.
Introduction to advanced separation
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhong Wenwan , Kubo Takuya
Published: October 2021

Zhen Liu, Wenwan Zhong and Takuya Kubo introduce the Analytical Methods themed collection on advanced separation.
A naphthalimide-derived hypochlorite fluorescent probe from ACQ to AIE effect transformation
Authors: Xu Chenggong , Wu Tian , Duan Lizheng , Zhou Yanmei
Published: October 2021

The naphthalimide-derived hypochlorite fluorescent Probe A with ACQ effect was transformated into Probe B possessing AIE characteristics.
Room-temperature fabrication of superhydrophobic covalent organic framework (COF) decorated cotton fabric for high-flux water-in-oil emulsion separation
Authors: Chen Li , Zhou Cailong , Yang Hao , Lin Jia , Ge Yu , Zhou Wei , Lu Chenyang , Tan Luxi , Dong Lichun
Published: October 2021

We report the preparation of a two-dimensional superhydrophobic covalent organic framework (COF)-coated cotton fabric via a rapid one-step method at room temperature.
Visualization of reaction route map and dynamical trajectory in reduced dimension
Authors: Tsutsumi Takuro , Ono Yuriko , Taketsugu Tetsuya
Published: October 2021

We review the on-the-fly trajectory mapping and Reaction Space Projector methods to analyze dynamical trajectories based on a reduced-dimensionality subspace.
Atomically dispersed metal catalysts on nanodiamond and its derivatives: synthesis and catalytic application
Authors: Chen Xiaowen , Jia Zhimin , Huang Fei , Diao Jiangyong , Liu Hongyang
Published: October 2021

The recent progress in the synthesis and catalytic application of atomically dispersed metal catalysts on nanodiamond and its derivatives is systematically summarized.
Construction of frustrated Lewis pairs on carbon nitride nanosheets for catalytic hydrogenation of acetylene
Authors: Wan Qiang , Li Juan , Jiang Rong , Lin Sen
Published: October 2021

Al–N frustrated Lewis pairs on carbon nitride nanosheets for efficient hydrogenation of acetylene.
Tetragonal CoMn2O4 nanocrystals on electrospun carbon fibers as high-performance battery-type supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Mijailović Daniel M. , Radmilović Vuk V. , Lačnjevac Uroš Č. , Stojanović Dušica B. , Bustillo Karen C. , Jović Vladimir D. , Radmilović Velimir R. , Uskoković Petar S.
Published: October 2021

A novel C@CoMn2O4 composite material was fabricated, having improved performance as a battery-type electrode for supercapacitor applications.
Correction: Chain release mechanisms in polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis
Authors: Little Rory F. , Hertweck Christian
Published: October 2021

Correction for ‘Chain release mechanisms in polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis’ by Rory F. Little et al., Nat. Prod. Rep., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1np00035g.
Untangling the physics of water transport in boron nitride nanotubes
Authors: Mistry S. , Pillai R. , Mattia D. , Borg M. K.
Published: October 2021

Contradicting literature on water transport performance between boron nitride and carbon nanotubes is reconciled. A blueprint is laid out to compare transport performance through nanotube membranes independent of the material and the method of study.
Language Intervention Isn't Just Spoken: Assessment and Treatment of a Deaf Signing Child With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Kelley Lauren E. , McCann James P.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This case study describes the language evaluation and treatment of a 5-year-old boy, Lucas, who is Deaf, uses American Sign Language (ASL), and presented with a language disorder despite native access to ASL and no additional diagnosis that would explain the language difficulties.

Method

Lucas participated in an evaluation where his nonverbal IQ, fine motor, and receptive/expressive language skills were assessed. Language assessment included both formal and informal evaluation procedures. Language intervention was delivered across 7 weeks through focused stimulation.

Results

Evaluation findings supported diagnosis of a language disorder unexplained by other factors. Visual analysis revealed an improvement in some behaviors targeted during intervention (i.e., number of different verbs and pronouns), but not others. In addition, descriptive analysis indicated qualitative improvement in Lucas' language production. Parent satisfaction survey results showed a high level of satisfaction with therapy progress, in addition to a belief that Lucas improved in language areas targeted.

Conclusions

This study adds to the growing body of literature that unexplained language disorders in signed languages exist and provides preliminary evidence for positive outcomes from language intervention for a Deaf signing child. The case described can inform professionals who work with Deaf signing children (e.g., speech-language pathologists, teachers of the Deaf, and parents of Deaf children) and serve as a potential starting point in evaluation and treatment of signed language disorders.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16725601
Bi‐objective control design for vehicle‐mounted mobile antenna servo systems
Authors: Wen Cheng , Lu Jieying , Su Weizhou
Published: October 2021

This paper studies a high‐performance control design for the servo system of a vehicle‐mounted mobile satellite communication antenna. Considering the different requirements for tracking and disturbance attenuation in the servo system, a novel controller structure consisting of a central controller and a disturbance filter is proposed. Based on this controller structure, a bi‐objective control design scheme is proposed: One is an optimal tracking design for the central controller, and the other is a disturbance attenuation design for the disturbance filter. It turns out that the resulting control system achieves an optimal tracking performance when the external disturbance is at a low level; meanwhile, the system achieves a robust disturbance attenuation performance when the disturbance is significant. Moreover, considering the trade‐offs between performance and the robust stability of the closed‐loop system, the weighting parameter selection in control design criteria is studied for a practical application. Furthermore, validation experiments and field tests are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of this design, and their results show that the well‐designed bi‐objective controller significantly improves the dynamic pointing accuracy of the antenna in tracking a geostationary satellite when its carrier is driving off‐road.
A practical de‐embedding technique based on the network theory for the filters in a 2‐channel multiplexer
Authors: Mirnaziry Sayyed Reza , Kheirdoost Ali , Haghparast Maysam , Ahmadi Ali Akbar
Published: October 2021

A novel approach to de‐embed the frequency response of filters connected to a 2‐channel multiplexer without the need for unplugging is proposed. The technique to manifold coupled multiplexers with arbitrary number of filters is also theoretically generalised. In multiplexer tuning, there are practically important circumstances in which it is advantageous to de‐embed the frequency response of filters in multiplexers without detaching them. The authors show that using a novel technique and reasonable approximations, all filters of a multiplexer can be modelled by simple microwave networks, and then, the equivalent rational function of the channel filters can be estimated appropriately by the rational approximation; extraction of this model facilitates tuning of the filters using the coupling matrix method. The impact of mechanical tolerances on the accuracy of the proposed technique is also studied. Next, this method is examined on a 2‐channel multiplexer and its application in de‐embedding and tuning of its connected filters is verified. Provided that the mechanical tolerances of the structure are sufficiently small, this technique is a powerful engineering solution towards tuning of manifold‐coupled multiplexers.
The traditional approximation of rotation for rapidly rotating stars and planets
Authors: Dhouib H. , Prat V. , Van Reeth T. , Mathis S.
Published: October 2021

Context. We examine the dynamics of low-frequency gravito-inertial waves (GIWs) in differentially rotating deformed radiation zones in stars and planets by generalising the traditional approximation of rotation (TAR). The TAR treatment was built on the assumptions that the star is spherical (i.e. its centrifugal deformation is neglected) and uniformly rotating. However, it has been generalised in our previous work by including the effects of the centrifugal deformation using a non-perturbative approach. In the meantime, TAR has been generalised in spherical geometry to take the differential rotation into account.

Aims. We aim to carry out a new generalisation of the TAR treatment to account for the differential rotation and the strong centrifugal deformation simultaneously.

Methods. We generalise our previous work by taking into account the differential rotation in the derivation of our complete analytical formalism that allows the study of the dynamics of GIWs in differentially and rapidly rotating stars.

Results. We derived the complete set of equations that generalises the TAR, simultaneously taking the full centrifugal acceleration and the differential rotation into account. Within the validity domain of the TAR, we derived a generalised Laplace tidal equation for the horizontal eigenfunctions and asymptotic wave periods of the GIWs, which can be used to probe the structure and dynamics of differentially rotating deformed stars with asteroseismology.

Conclusions. A new generalisation of the TAR, which simultaneously takes into account the differential rotation and the centrifugal acceleration in a non-perturbative way, was derived. This generalisation allowed us to study the detectability and the signature of the differential rotation on GIWs in rapidly rotating deformed stars and planets. We found that the effects of the differential rotation in early-type deformed stars on GIWs is theoretically largely detectable in modern space photometry using observations from Kepler and TESS.
Accuracy of environmental tracers and consequences for determining the Type Ia supernova magnitude step
Authors: Briday M. , Rigault M. , Graziani R. , Copin Y. , Aldering G. , Amenouche M. , Brinnel V. , Kim A. G. , Kim Y.-L. , Lezmy J. , Nicolas N. , Nordin J. , Perlmutter S. , Rosnet P. , Smith M.
Published: October 2021

Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) are standardizable candles that allow us to measure the recent expansion rate of the Universe. Due to uncertainties in progenitor physics, potential astrophysical dependencies may bias cosmological measurements if not properly accounted for. The dependency of the intrinsic luminosity of SNe Ia with their host-galaxy environment is often used to standardize SNe Ia luminosity and is commonly parameterized as a step function. This functional form implicitly assumes two-populations of SNe Ia. In the literature, multiple environmental indicators have been considered, finding different, sometimes incompatible, step function amplitudes. We compare these indicators in the context of a two-populations model, based on their ability to distinguish the two populations. We show that local Hα-based specific star formation rate (lsSFR) and global stellar mass are better tracers than, for instance, host galaxy morphology. We show that tracer accuracy can explain the discrepancy between the observed SNe Ia step amplitudes found in the literature. Using lsSFR or global mass to identify the two populations can explain all other observations, though lsSFR is favoured. As lsSFR is strongly connected to age, our results favour a prompt and delayed population model. In any case, there exists two populations that differ in standardized magnitude by at least 0.121 ± 0.010 mag.
TIC 308396022: δ Scuti–γ Doradus hybrid with large-amplitude radial fundamental mode and regular g-mode period spacing
Authors: Yang Tao-Zhi , Zuo Zhao-Yu , Li Gang , Bedding Timothy R. , Murphy Simon J. , Joyce Meridith
Published: October 2021

We analyse the pulsating behaviour of TIC 308396022, based on observations by the TESS mission. The star is a high-amplitude δ Sct star that shows a very rich amplitude spectrum using the 3-yr light curve. Among these frequencies, the strongest peak of f1 = 13.20362567(12) d−1 is identified as the radial fundamental mode, and we also find the first and second overtones (f2 and f3). In the low-frequency range (< 2.5 d−1), 22 peaks are identified as gravity modes, which show a regular period spacing of about 2460 s and have an angular degree of l = 1. The period spacing pattern does not show a significant downward trend, suggesting the star is rotating slowly. We note that this is a δ Sct–γ Dor hybrid star containing a high-amplitude radial fundamental mode and a regular g-mode period spacing pattern. With the O − C analysis, we find the star shows a significant time delay, implying that the star has a companion and it is likely to be a white dwarf. The history of possible mass transfer provides a great opportunity for testing the current theories of binary evolution, mass transfer, and pulsation.
The Role of Production Planning in Enhancing an Efficient Manufacturing System – An Overview
Authors: Sunday A. Afolalu , Omolayo M. Ikumapayi , Samuel A. Ushe , Samuel O. Ongbali , Abdulkareem Ademola , Moses E. Emetere , Olamma U. Iheanetu
Published: October 2021

Every manufacturing system can only survive with a high level of system planning and budgeting. Production planning is a sequential ladder in the manufacturing setting to ensure that materials input (raw materials, men, money, and machine) is made available within a stipulated time frame, in the appropriate amount to produce the demanded output of goods and services based on the schedule specified. Production planning also helps in making available high quality of goods and services in the right quantities to the customer at the demanded delivery timing to attain higher degree of customer satisfaction. Through production planning, different departmental activities i.e., engineering, production, purchasing, sales, and marketing, as well as stock control department, and other units that may relate to production are coordinated to attain a regular, steady, and balanced flow of production thus, enhancing reduction in production cycle time. Production planning serves as an instrument which estimates to gear up the performance of different departments and individuals of an organization in such a manner that will enhance better service to customers, fewer rush orders, more efficient use of equipment, reduced idle time of both machine and personnel, improved plant morale, good public image, and lower capital requirement, it may also create alternative plans to meet any form of emergency or contingency during the cause of production. From the foregoing, a manufacturing system that incorporates production planning in its operations will be more efficient, effective, and economical as compared with those that did not.
Investigation of Compositional Effects of Virgin and Recycled HDPE on Mechanical Properties of Pipe
Authors: Tesfaw Solomon , Olawale Samuel Fatoba , Mulatie Teshome , Titilayo Akinlabi Ester
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) polymers are widely being used and its products are preferable than metals having the properties such as lightweight, ease of manufacture, stronger and tough. This makes HDPE polymers as the top choice by manufacturers. However, one of the drawbacks is that this polymer takes time to decay and affects the environment when this material is disposed as wastes. Almost all industries use only virgin imported materials to produce HDPE pipe and fittings, and this leads to increase in manufacturing cost and extraction of virgin material. The aim of this research is to overcome this problem by recycling process. This research work focuses on investigating the compositional effects of virgin and recycled HDPE on the mechanical properties of HDPE pipe fitting. The mixing of recycled with virgin (pure) HDPE were done at different weight percentages (0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10, and 100:0). In this work, 16.5 kg virgin HDPE were used, and 16.5 kg recycled HDPE pellets were prepared. Also, 11 (eleven) T-reducer pipe fitting samples were produced via injection moulding machine. Melt flow rate and ash content of the manufactured recycled materials were tested to determine the quality of the plastics. Tensile strength test was also conducted to investigate the mechanical property in order to determine the percentage which possess the optimum strength. From the experimental results, recycled contents up to 70 wt. % and virgin contents up to 30 wt. % by mass were found to meet the standard requirements. This optimum proportion will help AG Pipe fitting company to save a lot in dollars every year by using the scrap contents.
Numerical investigation of friction crush welding aluminium and copper sheet metals with flanged edges
Authors: Kumar Ashu , Singh Brar Gurinder
Published: October 2021

Aluminum alloys are the most attractive solutions for many industries including aerospace, marine, and other transportation sectors where lightweight construction is required. Friction Crush Welding (FCW) is a new material joining process that simultaneously creates a mechanical lock and a metallurgical seal at the interface between similar and dissimilar materials. In this research work presents the development of numerical modelling to predict the temperature distribution and mechanical performance of aluminum and copper similar joints in the FCW of sheet metal section. An explicit nonlinear transient finite element thermomechanical model is develop using ABAQUS based on the coupled Euler-Lagrange method to simulate FCW of AW5754 and Cu-DHP alloys. The Johnson-Cook materials law is adopted in the FEM. Numerical investigations of the FCW process was performed to reduce experimental testing times, which can be long and expensive. Temperature distribution and von misses stress flow patterns are observed at the top surface of the weld. Numerical simulation data correlate with experimental data in the literature.
Robust and real-time multi-lane and single lane detection in Indian highway scenarios
Authors: Hanuman A. Sai , Kumar G. Prasanna
Published: October 2021

In the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS), lane detection plays a vital role to avoid road accidents of an Autonomous vehicle. Also, autonomous vehicles should be able to navigate by themselves, in-order to do, it needs to understand its surrounding conditions like a human. So that vehicle can determine its path in streets and highways it can maintain lane manoeuvre. Also, It has become the most fundamental aspect to consider in current ADAS research. One of the major hurdles in self-driving vehicle research is identifying the curved lanes, multiple lanes with challenging light, and weather conditions, especially in Indian highway scenarios. As it is a vision-based lane detection approach we are using OpenCV library which consists of multiple algorithms like the optimization of canny edge detection to find out the edges, features of the lane and Hough Transform for lane line generation and apply on the particular region of interest.
A study of Comparative analysis of fuzzy logic controller and neural network for dc–dc buck converter
Authors: Gousia begum Shaik , Sarfaraz Nawaz Syed
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the comparative analysis between fuzzy logic controller and neural network for DC-DC Buck converter. The major drawback in the conventional buck converter is when the input voltage or load change, the output voltage also changes which reduces the overall efficiency of the buck converter. So here we are using non linear controllers for buck converter which respond quickly for perturbations and maintains the fixed load voltage even when there are non-linearity’s occurs compared to a linear controllers like P,PI,PID controllers which can’t withstand when perturbations occur. Simplicity, low cost and adaptability to the complex systems without mathematical modeling are the best features of Fuzzy Logic controller and neural networks. The Two implementations are analyzed in detail and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and results presented. Proposed approach is implemented on DC to DC step down converter for an input of 230V and performance characteristics like maximum overshoot, settling time and efficiency of the converter are studied.
Novel Corona Virus Prediction and Transmission Analysis using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Karuna G. , Pravallika K. , Madhavi Karanam , Srilakshmi V. , Swaraja K. , Kalpana G.
Published: October 2021

Today we all are suffering from Covid-19, a novel virus and it is the most harmful disease across the world which mainly comes under the domain of health care research. Healthcare system gives importance to health states of the population or individual. Healthcare plays a vital role in promoting physical and mental health and well- being of people around the world. Efficient health care system leads to country’s economy, industrialization and development. Corona virus is dangerous animal and human pathogens and it is threatening people by spreading all over the world. Corona virus patients mostly suffer from lung infection studies have shown it clinically. We proposed detailed analysis on how to predict the expected death, recovered and confirmed cases based on the available data across the world using various machine learning models. Especially we constructed linear regression model (LRM), support vector machine model (SVMM) and polynomial regression models (PRM) and predicted future expected cases over a period of next 15 days. The error between the predicted model and official data curve is quite small in the process of transmission in data modeling. Compare to other models Polynomial regression model performs best prediction of corona positive cases. Forward prediction and backward inference of the epidemic helps to take decisions for necessary actions during Covid-19 propagation.
Electrical Discharge Machining of SiC Reinforced 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Surface Composite Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Kolli Murahari , Aruri Devaraju , Gadakary Saikumar , Kosaraju Satyanarayana
Published: October 2021

Engineered materials with high hardness, great wear tolerance, high high-temperature power, and a low thermal expansion coefficient are aluminum-based composites. These materials are widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries. Friction stir processing (FSP) method used to prepare SiC reinforced aluminium alloy surface composite. Material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) are measured with the impact of pulse on time, discharge current, and pulse off time (add one or two outcomes remark at SR and MRR optimal condition) is examined. For each of the three machining parameters, L9 orthogonal arrays (OA) of three levels were used in conducting the experiments. The validity of the Aluminum Surface Composite experiment programme is determined using MINITAB.