bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Damage and Rapid Loss Estimation of Retaining Wall Based on the Data from 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Fang Gang , Wang Zhi Jia , Du Lin
Published: June 2014

about statistical probability method in his book.Retaining walls are important part of the highway system. After the Wenchuan earthquake, 375 damaged retaining walls in 3 provinces had been surveyed, the relationship between seismic damage extent with the intensity, the relative location with the fault line, the heights of retaining walls, construct methods, and foundation conditions were analyzed.
An Analysis of Safety Management in Construction Projects
Authors: Ding Yu Xian , Ma Ning Bo , Ding Yu Xin
Published: June 2014

As a kind of labor-intensive industry, the building industry is characteristic of fixed product, huge staff mobility and many participants, which in turn bring about many insecure factors, and greatly affect the development of construction enterprises and national economy. Therefore, the construction enterprises in China must take the safety management in construction seriously. Safety management is very important to production and operation activities of construction enterprises. The good safety management can not only bring social reputation and economic benefits to the enterprises, but also keep the companies from losing property. Based on the characteristics of construction and the causes of secure problems, this thesis discusses how to deal with the work of safety management, and helps to guide the safety production in construction.
Civil Aviation Accident Human Factors Analysis Model
Authors: Liu Xiong , Wang Lin Lin
Published: June 2014

Civil aviation accident Human Factors analysis models were investigated in the article, mainly on the famous SHELL model and Reason model. Both the advantages and disadvantages of the models were fully discussed. After then, a new civil aviation accident Human Factors analysis model named O-SHELL was designed, which is the development of the SHELL model and Reason model. The O-SHELL model has the same systematic structure as the SHELL model, and also emphasizes the organizer’s responsibilities like the Reason model. With the advantages of the two successful models and with out their disadvantages, the O-SHELL model makes the civil aviation accident Human Factors analysis become more systematic and clearly.
Numerical Modeling of Sodium Fire in a Columnar Flow
Authors: Liu Cong Lin , Huo Yan , Gao Ye , Zhang Zhi Gang
Published: June 2014

A numerical model has been developed to analyze the sodium fire in a columnar flow. The computation is validated by the experimental data. Rusults show that, the high temperature zone nearby the nozzle is growing long and widely with the combustion. When hot gas and cold air encounters, the eddies appear. The distribution law of sodium monoxide is similar to the temperature. The lowest concentration of sodium monoxide appears at the bottom of the burner where the eddies exist.
Numerical Analysis of Evacuation from Taiwan Hsuehshan Tunnel Fire
Authors: Lin Cherng Shing , Chou Kuo Da
Published: June 2014

Taiwan is an island nation with numerous mountains and few plains. Consequently, the number of tunnel projects has gradually increased and tunnels are becoming longer. Because the number of large tunnels that exceed 1000 meters in length has increased, the effective escape and evacuation of people during a fire and the minimization of injury are crucial to fire protection engineers. For this study, an actual example of a fire that occurred in Hsuehshan Tunnel (12.9 kilometers and the longest tunnel in Southeast Asia) was used. A fire dynamics simulator (FDS) including numerical simulation software was applied to analyze this fire and the relevant information that was collected was compared and verified. The fire site simulation showed the escape and evacuation of people during the fire. Simulations of the original fire site and the possible escape time for people with various attributes were discussed to provide quantitative data and recommendations based on the analysis results, which can serve as a reference for fire protection engineering.
Study of Awareness on Power Failure Crisis Response Training and Cost Burden in the Residential Sector – in KOREA
Authors: Won An Na , Won An Na
Published: June 2014

A survey was carried out on 2,250 households for the purpose of understanding the awareness about power failure crisis response training and intention to bear cost of power failure measure in the residential sector. Implications of this study are as follows. Common households showed low awareness about power failure crisis response training. Also, while intention for cost burden on power failure measures such as emergency power facility slightly increased with increasing frequency and time of power failure, households generally had weak intention to bear cost.
Technical Study on Demand Forecast for CBR Emergency Resources Based on Information Entropy and Standard Deviation
Authors: Duan Zai Peng , Qian Xin Ming , Duo Ying Quan , Wu Zong Zhi
Published: June 2014

This thesis intends to study the technology that the information entropy and the standard deviation are used to forecast the CBR demand. Firstly the standard deviation is used to calculate the weight of each index; secondly, the rescue database with plenty of information and the information entropy are used to calculate the weight of each index level, then the model is built where standard deviation weight and entropy weight are integrated; the cases are verified by the model at the end.
A Review of Research and Practice on the Application of Chemical Dispersant in Oil Spills
Authors: Qian Guo Dong , Li Ming
Published: June 2014

Chemical dispersant has been widely used in oil spill response around the world as an effective method. The study reviews the mechanism of chemical dispersion, the factors influenced dispersant effectiveness, the test methods of dispersant effectiveness, and applications in oil spills around the world. Then some questions on the research for chemical dispersants used during oil spills in China were discussed.
Biological Solids Reduction Using the Modified OSA (Oxic-Settling-Anaerobic) Process
Authors: Sun Lian Peng , Chen Li Li , Guo Wu Zhen , Ye Ting Jin
Published: June 2014

The MOSA (Modified-Oxic-Settling-Anaerobic) system was developed to reduce the impact of OSA process on the aerobic reactor and enhance the effect of anaerobic reactor by changing the style of sludge and supernatant interchange on OSA process. As revealed in this research, the MOSA system could generate 11.8 % less sludge compared with conventional OSA system, while effluent was almost the same on COD、SS、NH4-N,NO3-N、TN、TP and cations. But the cumulative TN and NH4-N of sludge in the two systems had shown a certain increase. The MOSA provided a good method to optimize the operating of OSA process, and gain a more sludge reduction.
Construction and Application of Genetic Engineering Bacteria in Contaminated Environment Bioremediation
Authors: Wang Ji Hua , Zhu Dan , Zhang Shan Shan , Guan Jian Fei
Published: June 2014

As the human activities increasing, pesticide, oil and heavy metal used widely caused the environmental pollution more and more serious. Therefore, it is very necessary to find the reasonable and efficient method to degrade environmental pollutants. This article summarized the construction of genetic engineering bacteria and its applications in pesticide pollution, oil pollution and heavy metal pollution bioremediation, which has proved to be a hot pot in environmental pollutants bioremediation researching. It also put forward the difficulties in the construction and application of genetic engineering bacteria and developing trend.
Effect of Suspended Carriers on Extracellular Polymeric Substances in MBR
Authors: Zhang Chun Hua , Ou Xiao Xia , Zhang Feng Jie
Published: June 2014

Suspended carriers were added into a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) using polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP NWF) as membrane model to treat synthetic wastewater. The changes of EPSSEPSB and EPS in activated sludge mixing liquid of MBR and in sludge on membrane model surface were researched at different aeration rate. The results showed that adding suspended carriers in MBR can increase the concentration of EPSS and EPSB in activated sludge mixing liquid, but the effect on EPSS and EPSB in the sludge on membrane model surface is related to aeration rate. Adding suspended carriers can increase the concentration of EPSS and EPSB in the sludge on membrane model surface at 0.10m3/h of aeration rate; the concentration of EPSS and EPSB in the sludge with suspended carriers is reduced when aeration rate is increased to 0.25m3/h. The study on the effect of aeration rate on EPS in sludge mixing liquid of MBR and in sludge on membrane model surface showed that an optimized aeration rate exists if suspended carriers are added to control MBR membrane fouling. At the optimized aeration rate, membrane fouling can be mitigated and controled effectively.
Inhibition of Nitrite on Denitrifying Phosphate Removal Process
Authors: Weng Dong Chen , Peng Yong Zhen , Wang Xiao Xia , Miao Zhi Jia , Xue Gui Song
Published: June 2014

Poly-phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) could use nitrite as electron acceptor but poorly function compared to oxygen in phosphorus removal. The authors try to figure out the different effects on anoxic and aerobic P-uptake by environmental factors (pH, temperature and nitrite concentration) and identify the real inhibitor in anoxic metabolisms. 26 sets of batch tests were designed, using highly concentrated PAO cultures. The results show pH influence on P-uptake activity are similar in anoxic and aerobic tests, but temperature has strong effects on aerobic P-uptake activity compared to anoxic. pH values were are correlated linearly with nitrite reduction and P-uptake rates instead of FNA. Also, weak correlation between FNA and two reaction rates shows pH rather than FNA is likely the main inhibitor. P-uptake rates are correlated linearly with nitrite reduction and PHA consumption rates. It’s possible that intracellar concentration isn’t affected by FNA diffusion and don’t affect intracellar P-uptake process.
Scheme Selection of Coal Mining under Villages
Authors: Li Jiao , Qu Tang Kai , Chen Shu Jing , Zheng Lan , Zhou Jian
Published: June 2014

Coking coal of the Shanxi Lvliang mining area, enjoying a fame as the treasure of China, is one of the scarcest types in the world. A mining area in Lvliang willow mining area. Heavy coal under villages has affected the production of the mine. In order to maximize the benefits of local government, residents and enterprise, we analyzed several typical coal under villages mining methods, took account of the actual situation of this area and conducted evaluations on these mining plans of A mine area. Taking into consideration of all factors, Removal plan of villages above mining area was considered to be the most ideal mining scheme.
Assessment of Site Conditions for Karst Areas with Complex Lithology: A Case Study of a Site for a Candidate Power Plant
Authors: He Bao Shi , Tang Yu Kun
Published: June 2014

Construction of a project at a proposed site requires understanding of the geological and hydrogeological conditions for the purpose of engineering design and environmental impact assessment. However, investigation and assessment of the site conditions may be challenging for limestone areas due to the irregular occurrence and development of karst. This paper presents a demonstration of the site investigation and assessment for the karst hydrogeological conditions through a case study of a site with complex lithology. A joint on-site surveying and mapping, drilling, geophysical exploration, supplemented by in-situ and laboratory tests, was implemented in the assessment. Results indicate the site area presents a multiplicity in lithology with steep attitude stratum. Northern part of the site distributed shales suffering different degree of weathering, while the rest areas were developed with carbonate rocks. Fracture zones with north-west and north-east trend were developed at the site, which are prone to form strong runoff zone of the groundwater. No shallow buried river, hall-or corridor-type karst caves were detected at the site, neither of large-scale well-connectivity karst channels. However, many small karst and soil caves were developed at the site, which suggest a post treatment of engineering measures for the purpose of engineering and environmental safety. Based on the distribution of karst ratio calculated from boreholes, the proposed site area can be divided into 3 zones of very-strongly developed zone with a karst ratio around 71.2%, strongly developed zone with a ratio around 26.3% and intermediate-slightly developed zone with a ratio of 15.0%. Characteristics of each sub-zones are analyzed regarding to the general layout and later engineering design of the power plant project. This study provides an example of a joint study for site condition assessment at karst areas with complex lithology. Such an assessment is crucial to the site selection, project layout, engineering design and to later environmental impact assessment.
Effects of Membrane Fouling in A2O-MBR System during Coking Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yan Shao Hui , Liu Qi Feng , Li Fu Zhen , Zhao Jing Jing , Yan Bi Long
Published: June 2014

To treat coking wastewater with A2O-MBR hybrid process, membrane pollution control has become an important factor affecting the long-term stable operation of the system. The experiment reported in this paper focused on the membrane fouling of this hybrid system and try to evaluate the effects of aeration intensity and flux on the membrane fouling. The results show that the optimal parameters of membrane module operation are: aeration 0.2 m3/h, membrane flux 11.5 L/(m2·h), and with the maintenance of cleaning measures the membrane module can be kept under long-term stable operation.
Effects of Organic Coexisting Impurities on Phosphorus Recovery from Animal Manure Wastewater by Struvite Crystallization
Authors: Zhang Tao , Fang Ci , Li Ping , Jiang Rong Feng
Published: June 2014

Struvite crystallization is an efficient method for phosphorus recovery from animal manure wastewater. However, large amount of organic coexisting impurities, contained in animal manure wastewater, might influence struvite crystallization. In this study, the effect of typical organic matter contained in animal manure wastewater, such as butyric acid, fulvic acid, tetracycline, on phosphorus recovery was examined. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) with an increase in butyric acid concentration in animal manure wastewater, phosphorus recovery efficiency did not change significantly; (2) with an increase in fulvic acid concentration in animal manure wastewater, phosphorus recovery efficiency decreased obviously; (3) with an increase in tetracycline concentration in animal manure wastewater, phosphorus recovery efficiency decreased slightly.
Experiment on Water Infiltration and Solute Migration in Porous and Fractured Media
Authors: Song Jing Wen , Wang Ming Yu , Tang Da Wei
Published: June 2014

The experiments were performed by considering the upper loose porous media and lower fractured media as a typical structure of vadose zones, and by constructing the corresponding physical model to simulate water flow and solute transport processes in order to investigate water flow features and migration mechanism. It has been indicated that in the porous and fractured complex media, if the lower fracture structure remains unchanged, the structure and permeability of the porous media offer considerable impact on infiltration processes. Additionally, if the structure and permeability of the porous media remain unchanged, the overall permeability and flow features of the fracture structure are significantly controlled by fracture configurations. Furthermore, for the fracture structures with different fracture configurations, it is indicated that increasing of the density of the vertical fractures results in much more enhancement of the solute concentration decay rate than that caused by increasing the density of the horizontal ones. This investigation was expected to be of scientific significance and practical value for effective groundwater protection.
Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Surface Discharge Plasma for Enhancing the Oxidation of Ammonium Sulfite
Authors: Zhao Hong , Yan Xue An , Wu Sen , Shang Ke Feng , Li Jie
Published: June 2014

Surface discharge plasma was used to activate air to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) for promoting the oxidation of ammonium sulfite by air forced oxidation method. The effect of applied voltage and the air speed in discharge reactor on the generation of ozone as well as the oxidation kinetic of ammonium sulfite were analyzed and discussed. The ozone concentration increased with the discharge voltage, but decreased with the air speed, and a maximum mass of generated ozone was obtained at air speed of 15 m/s. Compared with air forced oxidation, the oxidation kinetic constant of ammonium sulfite by ROS injection had an increase by 2.67-fold, and the oxidation of ammonium sulfite followed a pseudo zero order kinetics. An increase in air speed accelerated the oxidation of ammonium sulfite, and the oxidation kinetic constant of ammonium sulfite was increased by 5-fold when the air speed increased by 2-fold.
Remediation of Arsenic Contaminated Soils and Treatment of Washing Effluent Using Calcined Mn-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Liu Pei Ya , Liu Huan , Li Yu Jiao , Dong Chang Xun
Published: June 2014

Arsenic contaminated soil is a serious worldwide problem nowadays, and soil washing technique is one of hottest topics in the area of remediating arsenic contaminated soils, while treatment of the washing effluent is still an urgent problem. In this study, in order to select the best washing extractants for arsenic contaminated soil of the Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, nine kinds of extractants (citric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, H3PO4, KH2PO4, KOH, NH4Ac and ultra-pure water) were studied. Innovatively, a new material (calcined Mn-Fe Layered double hydroxide) was firstly introduced and fully applied to the adsorption of arsenic washing effluents. Results showed citric acid, oxalic acid and KH2PO4 were the optimal extractants for arsenic contaminated soil, considering the extraction rate and environmental perspective. When the concentrations were 200, 300, 300 mmol/ L , solution soil ratios were 10, 10, 20 mL/g , extraction times were 12,12,12 h, the citric acid, oxalic acid and KH2PO4, respectively, achieved the maximum extraction rate of 39%, 65% and 29%. Calcined Mn-Fe LDH used in this work was characterized by SEM and FT-IR, indicating the unique structure and high phase purity of the synthetic samples. For the 28mg/L arsenic effluent washing by citric acid, calcined Mn-Fe LDH showed the most effective capacity as adsorbent under neutral or weak base condition as well as 2 h absorption time.
Start-Up of Anammox Process Using Municipal Sewage Sludge in One UASB Reactor
Authors: Hua Wen Qiang , Zhang Qin , Wu Lu Han , Hou Wan Bing , Li Liang
Published: June 2014

Using municipal sewage treatment plant sludge as the inoculation sludge, anaerobic ammonia oxidation experiment started in a UASB reactor with an effective volume of 3.5L. The experiment lasted 116d, experimental medium term, the system NH4+-N, NO2--N removal rates were above 50%. Changing influent load will cause a greater impact on the reactor, resulting in fluctuations of NH4+-N and NO2--N removal rate. Late, NO2--N / NH4+-N values ​​remain at around 1. The sludge in the reactor changed from gray-brown to pink. The system is more stable for removing NH4+-N and NO2--N.
Phytoremediation of Soil in the Wastewater Irrigation Area of the Western of Shenyang
Authors: Song Xue Ying , Liang Ru Jing , Li Yu Shuang , Sun Wen Juan , Hu Xiao Jun
Published: June 2014

The phytoremediation of jointly contaminated farmland soil with Cd and PAHs was studied in the long-term and representative wastewater irrigation area in Northeast China. Black nightshades (Solanum nigrum L), proved to be a Cd-hyperaccumulator was taken to remove the Cd contaminant from soil during one growing seasons in field test and thirteen lawn grasses and pasture grasses were taken to remediate the PAHs in pot experiments. Results showed that the residual concentrations Cd and PAHs were 1.94~3.69 mg/kg (dry weight) and 1.69~2.71 mg/kg (dry weight), respectively, still much higher than the Soil Quality Standard after the stop of wastewater irrigation for more than 20 years. The black nightshades could tolerate and grow well in the jointly contaminated farmland, with the distribution sequence of Cd in the order of leaf> stem> fruit> root, and the removal rate in the high-density black nightshade treatment was 1.40 percent in one growing season, higher than that in the moderate-density treatment and low-density treatment. Alfalfa, rye grass, Balin, tall fescue and white clover were more efficient than others of the tested thirteen grasses for the remediation of PAH-contaminated soil.
Urban Sewage Treatment Project Risk Management Model
Authors: Li Chen Yang , Chen Hong Guang , Xie Dan Dan , Tian Wei Wei
Published: June 2014

Using the automatic driving process of urban sewage treatment project risk model, combining with the characteristics of sewage disposal engineering project financing, putting forward the model of urban sewage treatment project financing risk. Cognizing and distinguishing on urban sewage treatment project financing risk. Delphi analytic hierarchy process is used to quantitative analysis for getting urban sewage treatment project financing risk hierarchy, using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for its optimization research.
Effects of Biogas Slurry Pretreatment on Germination and Seedling Growth of Vicia faba L.
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yang Qing Song , Yang Shu , Zhao Hong Mei , Duan Qing Song , Yang Yun Xian , Qin Xiang Dong
Published: June 2014

In order to study the effect of seed soaking with biogas slurry on seed germination and growth of faba beans (Vicia faba L.), the experiment was conducted. The seeds were soaked in biogas slurry for various soaking durations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours) and different concentration (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %) along with control to determine the optimal soaking duration and find out the best growing condition. The highest germination rate, germination potential and germination index were obtained when the faba beans seeds soaked for 4 hours in 75 % biogas slurry. Seedling growth was recorded in plants where seeds soaked for 6 hours in 75 % biogas slurry. It was concluded that the seed soaking of biogas slurry with lower concentration (25, 50 and 75 %) showed best results regarding maximum germination and enhanced growth. However, under the higher concentration (100 %) conditions of biogas slurry had a tendency of decrease on seed germination and seedling growth.
Benzene Removal in Laboratory Scale Model Wetland under Different Electron Acceptor Conditions Treating Sulfate-Rich Wastewater
Authors: Chen Zhong Bing , Kappelmeyer Uwe , Kuschk Peter
Published: June 2014

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are shown to be suitable for the treatment of water contaminated with benzene. However, due to the high sulfate concentration (around 850 mg/L) in influent, sulfate reduction will be stimulated in CWs. Subsequently, the toxicity of sulfide will be a catastrophe to the plants, and the treatment performance of CWs will be impaired. In this study, nitrite and nitrate were used as competitor with sulfate for electron acceptor to prevent the sulfate reduction. With the inflow benzene concentration ranged from 21.6-103 μg, and the accumulation of sulfide reached up to 39%, the removal efficiency of benzene decreased from 86% to 27%. However, with the addition of nitrite and nitrate, the sulfide accumulation was inhibited successfully, and the benzene removal efficiency recovered to 85%. In conclusion, both nitrite and nitrate can be an option for preventing sulfate reduction and sulfide toxicity in CWs treating sulfate-rich wastewater.
Research Progress of Simulation on the Flow Field in Anaerobic Reactor
Authors: Zhang Qin , Li Qiang , Tang Jia
Published: June 2014

The flow field in anaerobic reactor is very complex, but it has been given wide attention because of its important impact to wastewater treatment effect. It is often studied by numerical simulation. The paper explored the research progress of simulation on the flow field in anaerobic reactor by the summary of development of anaerobic reactor and principle and characteristics of computational fluid dynamics simulation and introduction of study and application status on numerical simulation. And then it gave its opinion on the development of simulation on the flow field in anaerobic reactor in future.
The Concentration Levels of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Qiantang River Waters of China
Authors: Xu Hui Ying , Zhu Jian Qing , Wang Wei , Lu Yin , Xu Xiao Lu
Published: June 2014

To characterize the concentration levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Qiantang River waters of China, 12 water samples were collected in May 2013 and analyzed. The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were from n.d to 0.798 ng/L and from 65.9 to 102.4 ng/L, respectively. PFOS has been observed at a low concentration in these samples, while PFOA was detected in 100% of the samples with higher PFOA concentrations. PFOA concentrations were far higher than those of PFOS in all the samples, which subjected to be influenced by the inflows of the chemicals from a lot of the textile dyeing industry along the south bank of the river. Although the PFOS and PFOA concentration in Qiantang River water samples did not exceeded this provisional health advisory level (limit) established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for PFOS and PFOA in drinking waters of 200 ng/L and 400 ng/L respectively, continued exposure to even relatively low PFOS and PFOA concentrations in drinking water may increase the risk of health effects.
Adsorption of Herbicide onto Fly Ash Sample from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Suwannahong Kowit , Supa Witsanusan , Chaysuk Jutaluck , Kreetachat Torpong
Published: June 2014

Applying of low cost adsorbent for herbicide capturing is an important area of research in environmental field. The present work reports the adsorption potential of fly ash, a waste from power stations, for removal of herbicides namely paraquat and alachlor from aqueous solution. Batch experiment was employed to investigate the adsorption of herbicide in aqueous solution. The maximum capacity of the fly ash to adsorb paraquat and alachlor was found to be 2.02 and 1.70 mmole.g-1, respectively. The coefficient of adsorption on the basis of 3 models: Freundlich, Langmuir and Sips isotherm models were found. The results shown that the equilibrium data are better fitted by three-parameter models than two-parameter models. The experimental data agree to adsorption isotherms in the order of Sips > Langmuir > Freundlich isotherms.
Application and Development of Superconducting High Gradient Magnetic Separation on Environmental Protection
Authors: Wei Wei , Li Su Qin , Liu Yun , Wang Wen Bo , Wen Hai Tao
Published: June 2014

Superconducting High Gradient Magnetic Separation (HGMS) is widely used with its advantages of high separation efficiency, high processing speed, low-running cost and low-space requirements. The basic theory of superconducting HGMS and the applications of superconducting HGMS on environmental protection in recent years were discussed in this paper. Superconducting HGMS technology has shown a promising future.
Abatement of Toluene by Non-Thermal Plasma Combined with Photocatalyst
Authors: Li Jing Xin , Peng Yan Cheng , Zhang Xin
Published: June 2014

The toluene being abatement by non-thermal plasma combined with photocatalyst was studied in the paper. As one of main factors, the influence on toluene abatement efficiency of gas flow rate, initial concentration and electric field intensity was analyzed in the study. Furthermore, the energy efficiency was another important index which had been compared among the different padding including of no padding, γ-Al2O3 padding and TiO2/γ-Al2O3 padding. The result of study showed that the technology of non-thermal plasma combined with photocatalyst had better buffer action against increasing of gas flow rate and initial concentration. When the abatement efficiency was more than 52%, the energy efficiency values had the tendency as TiO2/γ-Al2O3 >γ-Al2O3 padding > no padding.
Analysis on Water Consumption and Water-Saving Technology of Wet-Ash Transportation System
Authors: Zhang Yan , Xie Hai Wei
Published: June 2014

The plants can use a lot of water, so Wet-Ash Transportation System is very important to the safety operation of the plant. In this paper some new ways of technical reformation for Wet-Ash Transportation System are presented and the direction of research in future is pointed. These contents can be referenced in improvement of the water saving technology later.
Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Properties of Gazania rigens L.
Authors: Wu Yang Qing , Guo Xiao Yu , Zhou Xiao Hui , Lu Xiao Ping
Published: June 2014

Under artificial drought environment, membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and free proline (Pro) content of three cultivars of gazania were studied as well as the relation between the three physiological indexes and drought resistance. The results showed that: there existed significant positive correlation between relative conductivity and drought resistance in ‘Hongwen’; while ‘Xingbai’ and ‘XH’ showed the reverse result. The correlation between Pro content and drought stress treatment days in the three cultivars were significant positive. However, the correlation between MDA content and drought stress treatment days in the three cultivars were not the same. Therefore, Pro content can be chose as a physiological indicator to evaluate drought resistance in gazania.
Experimental Study on Catalytic Reduction of SO2 by Rare Earth Compound
Authors: Du Zhe Hua
Published: June 2014

Compared with a great deal of traditional desulphurization crafts, the catalytic reduction of SO2 with CO to elemental sulfur is considered to be the best technology for the removal of SO2 from flue gas. Adding rare earth oxide CeO2 with variable valences to La2O3 formed a mixture of rare earth oxides. By means of dipping CeO2, La2O3 and their mixture, whose carriers are allγ-Al2O3, are used as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO. The activation process of this catalyst without O2 was investigated. The result shows that the rare earth oxide mixture composing of CeO2 and La2O3, as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO, can remove SO2 mostly without O2.
A Review of Hybrid Process to Treat Coal Gasification Wastewater
Authors: Li Fu Zhen , Liu Qi Feng , Yan Shao Hui , Zhao Jing Jing , Fan Bing Qian , Feng Hai Bo , Cao Wei Wei
Published: June 2014

Due to the presence of complicated and considerable amounts of toxic compounds such as phenolic compounds, thiocyanate and ammonium, coal gasification wastewater (CGW) would cause a serious environmental problem. Conventional treatment of CGW includes a series of biological treatment (mostly anoxic-aerobic process and activated sludge process) after a physico-chemical pretreatment to reduce the concentrations of phenols and ammonium. Although quite effective, these processes are still not enough to meet the strict requirements of the National Discharge Standard of China. To find more efficient way to treat CGW, a serious of hybrid processes were reviewed in this study. Through this review we found that A2O combined with MBR (anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic membrane reactor) can effectively remove COD, total organic carbon, NH4+ -N, total phenols and total nitrogen (TN).
Separation of Iodide Complex of Cadmium (II) in Propyl-Alcohol Ammonium Sulfate Aqueous Biphasic System
Authors: Zeng Guo Kui , Li Gui Hua
Published: June 2014

The distribution behaviors of iodide complex of Cd (II) in the propyl-alcohol ammonium sulfate aqueous biphasic extraction system was experimentally investigated in this work. Cd (II) was found to be extracted from the propyl-alcohol phase due to its ion pair formation as CdI42-(PrOH2+)2 in the presence of NH4I and in HCL, and the associated extraction conditions were optimized. The experimental results indicated that cadmium can be efficiently extracted by the method, and an extraction rate of 99.1% for cadmium can be achieved under optimizing conditions.
Study on Iron Filings Combined with Biological Carbon Derived from Chicken Manure Forming Internal Electrolysis to Treat Dyeing Wastewater of Disperse Blue E-4R
Authors: Li Jian Ping
Published: June 2014

Aiming at the difficulty of treating dyeing wastewater, the limitation of the traditional electrolysis method, the high cost of active carbon and the environmental pollution of the chicken manure in farms, the paper put forward a new method of using iron combined with biological carbon derived from chicken manure forming internal electrolysis to treat dyeing wastewater. It discussed the effects of mass ratio of iron and biological carbon derived from chicken manure, pH, reaction time, the particle size of iron filings, the aeration rate, circulation velocity and the circling liquid volume on the removal rate of the organic matter in wastewater. The result showed that iron combined with biological carbon derived from chicken manure forming internal electrolysis to treat dyeing wastewater could "using waste to treat waste" and the effect was better. The removal rate of COD was over 85% and the decolorization rate was over 95% when the mass ratio of iron and biological carbon derived from chicken manure was 1:1, the PH was 6, reaction time was was 60min, the particle size of iron filings was 0.9~2.0mm, the aeration rate was 10mL/min, circulation velocity was 50r/min and the circling liquid volume was 2000mL.
Study on Leachate Adsorption by Activated Carbon Made from Sewage Sludge and Straw
Authors: Chen You Lan , Wu Shan Shan
Published: June 2014

Activated carbon of activated sludge and straw with pyrolysis was used as adsorbent, and its adsorption of organic matter in the leachate and influence facts were studied. The results showed that the economic and reasonable addition of straw in the raw of activated sludge was 45% and the optimum adsorption conditions were 40 min, duration of pH 4.0 and resin dosage 2%,the removal rate of COD reach 69.63%. Langmuir isotherm equation could better describe the adsorption behavior of COD on the activated carbon and it was a monolayer adsorption reaction.
Study on SBR Enhanced by Low Intensity Ultrasound for Treatment of Chemical Production Wastewater
Authors: Tan Jiang Yue , Li Dan , Wang Bin
Published: June 2014

In this paper, activated sludge process enhanced by ultrasound was applied to treat the chemical production wastewater containing nitroaromatic compound after ultrasonic pretreatment. The factors influence to treatment effect such as ultrasound power and frequency, irradiation time were investigated by experiment. The mechanism of ultrasound enhanced activated sludge process was analyzed. The experimental results show that ultrasonic irradiation with appropriate parameters can effectively enhance sludge activity, improve the treatment efficiency. The optimal treatment conditions are as follows: ultrasound power 10W, frequency 25kHz, irradiation time 15min.
Effects of UV-B Radiation on the Growth, Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Chondrus ocellatus Holm (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Cai Heng Jiang , Zhang Zhi Hua , Liu Chang Fa , Wei Hai Feng , Zhang Jun Xin
Published: June 2014

Effects of enhanced ultraviolet B (UV-B, 280-320 nm) on macroalgae have gained particular attention in recent years. We investigated the changes in the growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of C. ocellatus under UV-B radiation in this study. The results showed that UV-B could inhibit the growth of C. ocellatus (p<0.01) and the growth inhibition was more significant with increased doses of UV-B radiation. The effects of UV-B radiation on Chl-a content in C. ocellatus were not obvious. The soluble proteins content and MDA content in C. ocellatus were increased by UV-B radiation, and the increase of MDA content was extraordinary significant. The SOD activity and CAT activity were increased when the intensity of UV-B radiation was 7.2 J/m2, while the SOD activity and CAT activity were decreased when the intensity of UV-B radiation was 21.6 J/m2.
Study on the Novel Non-Aeration Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Wang Zhi Qiang , Feng Bing Jie , Liu Xiao Min , Tian Li
Published: June 2014

A novel non-aeration membrane bioreactor (N-MBR) is exploited based on the combination of bio-film process and membrane filtration process, of which the ceramic membrane module is made by the material of Al2O3. The relationship of the membrane diameter, the membrane flux, trans-membrane pressure (TMP) and the side stream velocity is investigated, as well as the treatment effect for domestic wastewater. The result shows that the N-MBR set-up with the membrane pore size of 1.5μm was adopted to treat the domestic wastewater under the condition of TMP 0.008MPa, side stream velocity 8m/min for continuous working 30 days. The effluent COD average concentration is less than 21mg/L and NH3-N concentration is less than 1mg/L all the time. The removal efficiency of COD and NH3-N is 85 percent and 98 percent respectively. The average energy consumption is 2.90± 0.55 kWh/m3 (permeate), which is reduced 50 percent than that of conventional membrane bioreactor.
A Review of Hybrid Process to Treat Coking Wastewater
Authors: Zhao Jing Jing , Wang Jun , Liu Qi Feng , Yan Shao Hui , Li Fu Zhen , Fan Bing Qian , Feng Hai Bo , Cao Wei Wei
Published: June 2014

Coking wastewater contains high concentration of refractory and toxic compounds. The effluent quality usually cannot meet the discharge limits after single conventional biological treatment processes. In order to find more effective coking wastewater treatment process, a serious hybrid treatment process were reviewed in this paper, which include: anoxic-anaerobic-oxic(A2/O) combined with membrane bioreactor (MBR); Fe/C micro electrolysis combined with Fenton process. Fenton oxidation combined with biologically process. Wastewater quality and operating parameters were compared. Through this review, we found that hybrid process is more efficiency to treat coking wastewater.
Adsorption Equilibrium and Thermodynamics Behavior of Sodium Pentachlorophenol to Biomass-Derived Biochars at Two Pyrolytic Temperatures
Authors: Zhang Cai Xia , Jiang Yu Feng , Zhou Min , Hu Xue Fei , J. Yves Uwamungu
Published: June 2014

Wheat straws were pyrolyzed at two temperatures (200 and 400°C). For two biochar, the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the BET surface area were analyzed. The thermodynamics of sodium pentachlorophenate adsorption on biochar were examined. Adsorption isotherm of sodium pentachlorophenate on biochar was determined and correlated with two well-known isotherm equations (Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation). The equilibrium data for sodium pentachlorophenate adsorption were fitted well with the Freundlich adsorption model. The thermodynamic parameters of Gibbs free energy (△Gθ), enthalpy (△Hθ), and entropy (△Sθ) were also calculated, and the positive value of △Hθ suggests the endothermic nature of the adsorption, whereas the negative values of △Gθ tend (s) to prove the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process.
Application of the Electrokinetic-Fenton Process for the Treatment of Lubricant-Contaminated Railroad Soil
Authors: Kang Hae Suk , Lee Jae Young , Kim Bo Kyong , Kwon Tae Soon
Published: June 2014

Soil pollution around railroad sites is mainly caused by heavy oils such as diesel and lubricants. In particular, the majority of contamination in soil around railroad turnouts is caused by oil that drips off of railcars and lubricants that leak during vehicle maintenance. Generally, removing lubricants from contaminated soil is more difficult than removing diesel, due to the properties of the respective oils. This study aims to investigate alternative remediation method of lubricant-contaminated soils around railroad turnouts. The EK-Fenton process was used to clean up the lubricant-contaminated railroad soil. Several operating conditions were tested, including the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte types and concentrations. We determined that the removal efficiency was affected by the amount of EOF in the soil and its oxidizing capacity. The TPH removal efficiency was greatest at 0.1 M of NaCl electrolyte and 5 % (v/v) of hydrogen peroxide. This shows that the in-situ EK-Fenton process is a promising remediation technique for decontaminating railroad soil polluted with lubricant oil.
Comparison of Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling and Chemical-Looping Combustion Technology Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Gao Xiao Ning , Xue Hui Min , Li Yuan , Yin Xue Feng
Published: June 2014

In order to reduce the emission of CO2 and control the global greenhouse effect, the paper introduces and compares two new technologies named chemical-looping combustion (CLC) and chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) that are both high-efficient and clean. Through comparative analysis, CLC has been widely studied because of its direct separation of CO2, reduction loss of the heat, improvement of energy efficiency and avoiding of the generation of fuel type NOx in the combustion process. Besides the current research for metal oxygen carrier, there are some scholars find various non-metal oxygen carriers that have the better performance in CLC. But the study on reactors of CLC is still not mature, especially the solid fuel reactor, which is different from CLOU. In a certain sense, CLOU is an improved technology based CLC, besides the bove advantages, it also can react with coal directly. Many scholars use coal as fuel in the fluidized bed by the technology of CLOU, and the results of them are feasible. So from this perspective, CLOU technology has more broad prospects than CLC in the China.
Controllable Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Ba0.6Mg0.4TiO3 Particles with Different Morphologies
Authors: Liu Rong , Zhao Shi Duo , Lin Xue
Published: June 2014

Ba0.6Mg0.4TiO3 (BMT) particles with different morphologies were synthesized through hydrothermal method and their optical and photocatalytic properties were investigated. Their crystal structure and microstructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). XRD patterns demonstrate that the as-prepared samples are tetragonal structure. FESEM shows that BMT crystals can be fabricated in different morphologies by simply manipulating the reaction parameters of hydrothermal process. The UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS) reveal that the band gaps of BMT photocatalysts are about 2.37 - 2.51 eV. The as-prepared BMT photocatalysts exhibite higher photocatalytic activities in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) compared with traditional N-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) and pure BaTiO3 (BTO). The high photocatalytic performance of BMT photocatalysts could be attributed to the recombination restraint of the e-/h+ pairs resulting from doping of Mg2+ ions. The influence of morphologies upon the photocatalytic properties of BMT was studied. Furthermore, BMT nanowires reveal the highest photocatalytic activity. Up to 94.0% MO is decolorized after visible light irradiation for 360 min.
Electrochemical Removal Cyanide in Wastewater by Ti/RuO2-Pt Electrodes
Authors: Wu Chang Hang
Published: June 2014

A laboratory-scale electrolytic cell with a Ti/RuO2-Pt anode and a Ti cathode was developed to treat high concentration cyanide-contained wastewater. The effects of the different electrode distances, concentration of chlorine anion and current densities, on the CN- removal were investigated. The results shown the too short and long electrode distance resulted in high energy consumption and low current, the appropriate electrode distance was essential. The CN- removal was very significant at the electrode distance was 9 cm, and the removal efficiency reached 99.2%. The removal CN- electrochemical oxidation was mainly attributed the success to in direct oxidation effect of chlorine /hypo-chlorite produced during the electrochemical reaction process. The CN- removal efficiency increased with increasing the concentration of chloride ion and operating current density. The optimum experimental condition was set at the electrode distance of 9 cm, NaCl dosage of 0.5 g/L, the current density of 10 mA/cm2, and pH of 12. At the optimum experimental condition, the CN- concentration in the solution decreased from 150.33 mg/L to 1.20 mg/L, and the CN- removal efficiency reached 99.2%.
Removal of Organic Pollutants from Reverse Osmosis Concentrate by Electro-Fenton Process
Authors: Du Hui Ling , Pan Bao Yuan , Li Jing
Published: June 2014

The RO concentrate containing non-degradation organic pollutants was treated by electro-Fenton process. The high voltage pulse generator was used as discharge power. The effects of pulsed electric field parameters, aeration rate and pH on COD removal rate was investigated. The results indicate that the COD removal rate is up to 80.71% when pulsed voltage, pulsed frequency, treatment time, aeration rate and pH are 30000 V, 5 Hz, 240 s, 1.0 m3/h and 10, respectively.
Experiments on the Kinetics of CO2 Loaded MDEA-DEA Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zhao Shu Bin , Zhang Pan , Cai Xiao Tong , Fu Dong
Published: June 2014

The absorption rates of CO2 in diethanolamine (DEA) promoted N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) aqueous solution were measured at normal pressure with temperatures ranging from 303.15-323.15K. The influence of temperature and the mass fraction of DEA on the absorption rate of CO2 was illustrated.
Impact of Different Carbon Sources on Phosphorus Removal in (AO)2SBR System
Authors: Yang Hui , Yang Ji Gang , Zhao Meng
Published: June 2014

This paper aims to study the impact of different carbon sources on phosphorus removal after the (AO)2SBR system was started successfully. Four kinds of carbon resources were used in sequence experiments to observe the impact of different carbon resources on phosphorus release at anaerobic condition, uptake aerobic condition, uptake anoxic condition and phosphorus removal of the (AO)2SBR system. And the carbon sources are sodium acetate, sodium propionate, glucose, sodium acetate + sodium propionate separately. The experiment result shows that the phosphorus release and uptake of active sludge at anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic condition was preferable with sodium acetate as carbon source. And the phosphorus removal rate of (AO)2SBR system and TP concentration in the effluent were 95% and under 0.5mg·L-1 respectively. The phosphorus removal rate of (AO)2SBR system was only 60% with glucose as carbon resource. This study concluded that it is beneficial for the biological phosphorus removal to choose organics with short carbon chain, such as sodium acetate as carbon source.
Performance of Treatment of Domestic Wastewater by Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Yuan Dong
Published: June 2014

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performances of A lab-scale innovative sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) to treat domestic wastewater,in which a acryl cylinder (height 200 mm, diameter 70 mm) was equipped and many fiber threads were attached to the surface of the cylinder as the bacteria carrier. No time and volume for settling was required in this system. After one year’s operation, each parameter achieved the wastewater discharged criterion in 2 cycles (4 h). It was found that COD removal efficiency was up to 90% in 3 h, and ammonium nitrogen concentration approached the least value; total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 55%-71%. In this SBBR system simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was completed at the end of 2 cycles.