bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of strong solar flares on thorium beta radiation count-rate
Authors: Peleg Yael , Orion Itzhak
Published: November 2023

This study explores the impact of solar flare events on radioactive
materials, focusing in particular on the thorium decay chain. Previous
research has indicated that gamma emitters are affected by solar flares,
resulting in count-rate dips. In this study, we present, for the first time,
concurrent gamma and beta count-rate measurements from a thorium radioactive
source, revealing multiple dips in the count rate. Based on a consideration
of the temporal relationship between beta and gamma emissions, we propose
that the response to solar events originates primarily from beta emissions.
To investigate this phenomenon further, we employ plastic scintillator beta
detectors, enabling the examination of various radioactive sources and the
study of neutrino interactions and their impact on decay rates. This
experimental approach offers an opportunity to expand our knowledge of
particle interactions and provides insights into the interplay between solar
flares, neutrino flux, and the behavior of radioactive materials.
Investigation of radiological properties of imaging agents used in nuclear medicine with different methods and GATE/Geant4 simulation program
Authors: Sahmaran Turan , Tugrul Taylan
Published: November 2023

This study aims to determine the radiological properties of various
radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine. In the study, mass
attenuation coefficient values in different energy ranges were obtained for
six different radiopharmaceuticals dimercaptosuccinic acid,
diethylenetriamine pentaacetate, mercaptoacetyltriglycine,
hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime, methoxyisobutylisonitrile, methylene
diphosphate by using GATE simulation program, XCOM and WinXCom programs.
Using these values, effective atomic number and electron density values were
calculated with the help of the direct method, interpolation method,
Auto-Zeff software, Phy-X/ZeXTra, XMuDat program, and Mayneourd's formula.
In addition, the effective atomic number and electron density values
obtained were compared for each radiopharmaceutical, both among themselves
and between the methods. When radiopharmaceuticals were compared among
themselves in low and high-energy regions, the highest effective atomic
number values were obtained in dimercaptosuccinic acid, methylene
diphosphate, and mercaptoacetyltriglycine. The mass attenuation coefficient
values calculated using the GATE code indicate that it is a suitable
method for determining the mass attenuation coefficient for imaging agents
with no experimental values. This study indicates that the simulation
geometry method is suitable to be used as an alternative method for the experiments. In addition, the values obtained for these molecules used as
radiopharmaceuticals were examined for the first time.
Photolysis of fumonisin B1 under simulated solar irradiation in aquatic environment
Authors: Jevtic Ivana , Abramovic Biljana , Savanovic Maria , Jaksic Sandra
Published: November 2023

Given that the presence of fumonisin as a potentially carcinogenic com?pound
in the aqueous medium was confirmed, it is very important to find a method
for its effective removal. In this study, the degradation efficiency of
fumonisins in aqueous media was investigated by direct and indirect
photolysis under simulated solar irradiation (SSI). The initial pH value had
a significant effect on the kinetics of fumonisin B1 (FB1) degrada?tion,
with the highest efficacy observed at pH 4.0 (88%), and the lowest at pH
10.0 (21%) during the 180 min of irradiation. Under these experimental
conditions, FB1 photolysis in the first degradation period follows
pseudo-first-order kinetics. In comparison to direct photolysis, indirect
photolysis using H2O2 had an inhibitory effect on the degradation of FB1.
Namely, 24% of FB1 was degraded during 180 min of irradiation at pH 8.0,
while 74% was degraded by direct photolysis for the same period of time. In
the case of the application of indirect photolysis using S2O82- at pH 4.0,
the degradation efficiency of FB1 (91%) was similar as in the case of direct
photolysis (88%), at the same pH, as well as for the same period of time.
Considering the degradation efficiency, it was concluded that in both cases
only direct photolysis was performed, probably because SSI does not contain
suitable wave?lengths for sulfate radical (SO4?-) formation. Based on this,
we can conclude that direct photolysis at pH 4.0 is practically the most
suitable treatment for FB1 removal under SSI.
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF IT TERMINOLOGY AND ITS FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Karmazina Liliya
Published: November 2023

The article examines the peculiarities of the evolution of the IT (Information Technology) language and its interaction with the environment, which is manifested by the constant appearance of new words and expressions that arise when describing technological phenomena. The study employs historical, linguistic, and cultural analyses to provide insights into the evolution of IT terminology. The historical evolution of IT terminology traces the dynamic progress of technology. Beginning with borrowed mathematical terms like "algorithm" from the work of Persian mathematician al-Khwārizmī, IT terminology has continually adapted to embrace new concepts. Charles Babbage's analytical engine introduced "punch cards" and "mechanical levers" as precursors to modern IT vocabulary. The ENIAC era expanded it to include "circuit," "transistor," and "byte." Software development contributed "bug," and the rise of personal computers brought "desktop" and "mouse." The internet era ushered in terms like "email" and "browser," while the mobile age introduced "apps" and "WiFi." The 21st century witnessed the emergence of "tweet," "neural networks," "deep learning," and "machine learning," reshaping technology and industries. Immersive technologies brought "virtual reality" and "augmented reality," while decentralized systems introduced "blockchain" and "cryptocurrency," revolutionizing finance. Standardization of IT terminology has become crucial for clear cross-border communication, led by organizations like the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Looking forward, the IT lexicon will expand with terms related to quantum computing, biotechnology integration, and emerging technologies. In conclusion, IT terminology reflects adaptability in the digital age, ensuring precise communication in an ever-changing technological landscape.
GUARDIANS OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS, THEIR FUNCTIONS IN THE FORMATION OF THE MEDIA LANDSCAPE
Authors: Kyianytsia Ievgeniia
Published: November 2023

The proposed study examines the complex and multifaceted communication process, as well as the role of the media in shaping public perception, values, and beliefs. Recognizing the power and responsibility of the mass media for percepting the environment, emphasizing the importance of media literacy and critical thinking of information consumers, we propose to comprehend the key functional of specialists who dramatically influence the media landscape development, agenda molding, as well as “information bubbles” creating that can be as favorable for the further development of the society, as inhibiting it. In our opinion guidekeepers, spin-doctors and news-ombudsmen play the key roles among communication specialists. They influence not only the control and filters of the content broadcast, but also the formation of moral principles of media workers in general and the creation of professional ethical codes. Considering, that modern media platforms serve as the means of spreading social, political, cultural ideas, as well as public discourse of various orientations, it is worth actualizing functions of the media (both individual representatives and platforms in general) such as: conscious design and dissemination of information; management of public perception in order to prevent political and economic crises; ensuring honesty, accountability and transparency between the public and representatives of the media community. Particularly these functions the mentioned media persons are able to provide, as despite the different contextual bases, they all play an important role in the process, management and development of ethical principles of communication.
CROSS-CULTURAL MUSICAL TRANSFORMATION: SHAPING CHINESE TRADITIONS
Authors: Junyi Liu
Published: November 2023

This article endeavors to thoroughly examine the processes of Western influence on Chinese musical culture, focusing on the perspectives of prominent figures within the Chinese composer-performer tradition. Specifically, it highlights the role of Westernization as a means of shaping musical concepts in the works of Fei Shi, Ou Man, Qing Zhu, and Zeng Zhizhi. Furthermore, it acknowledges that a substantial number of music scholars pursue education abroad with the intention of delving into Western musical experiences and engaging with the resources of Western musical culture and the arts. Upon their return, whether they adopt a “Westernized” or “reformed” approach, they are actively contributing to the practical development of their own musical culture and innovative musical ideas. It is revealed that the processes of Westernization primarily occurred through the efforts of individual representatives within the Chinese community. The article highlights their practical actions involving the adaptation and creation of contemporary styles and forms within Chinese musical culture.
MENTAL SIMULATION SELF-REFLECTION TASKS FOR INCREASED LEARNING OF ENGLISH
Authors: Tarasiuk Nataliia
Published: November 2023

The notions of mental simulation and self-reflection have become established in neuroscience. Numerous line of research suggest that mental simulation and self reflection promote enhanced learning in general, specifically foreign languages. Our study explores and discusses these notions for their deeper understanding. The research encompasses smooth simulation with negative outcome and challenging simulation with positive outcome. The paper demonstrates mental simulation self-reflection tasks in correlation with cognitive skill planning. They are embedded within such specific conditions for inducing exploratory behavior as error-approach instruction, tasks with complex and dynamic decision-making characteristics, specific stimulus information (what, when, where) in life situations and peer feedback. The following methods have been used: theoretical methods (analysis, interpretation and generalization), empirical methods (observation). The author provides an example of mental simulation self-reflection tasks with and without problem-solving case study within conditions for exploratory behavior for the topic “Planning a trip to Canada”.
ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSTICS OF THE LIVER AS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF CONTROLLING NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE THERAPY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS
Authors: Klymas Iryna
Published: November 2023

Today, the method of ultrasound diagnostics is the most widespread method of internal organs and tissues visualization. In particular, the liver ultrasound is the safest and most informative method of diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and an effective method of monitoring the effectiveness of NAFLD treatment, namely its manifestation of liver steatosis. The aim of this paper was to investigate the changes in the state of the liver by ultrasound in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with the use of additional combined therapy of atorvastatin and essential phospholipids. We were examined and treated 77 RA patients with NAFLD (64 women (83.1%) and 13 men (16.9%)), under the age of 55 years old. The patients were divided into 3 studied groups. The first group (n=25) received additional atorvastatin, the second group (n=26) – essential phospholipids, and the third group (n=26) – combination of atorvastatin and essential phospholipids for 6 months. Ultrasound assessment of steatosis was performed before treatment, after 3 and 6 months of treatment. In the III group, an improvement of the ultrasound images was observed already after 3 months of combined use of atorvastatin and essential phospholipids, which was not observed in the separate use of these medicines in the I and II groups. In 6 months of treatment with the studied medicines, positive dynamics of the liver parenchyma echogenicity was observed in all studied groups.
Experimental Optimization of Formulation of Non-Dairy Probiotic Drink in Context to Preclusion of Health Impairments
Authors: S Mishra
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to experimentally optimize formulation of non-dairy probiotics in context to specific preclusion of health impairments in individuals who cannot consume dairy products because of lactose intolerance or certain other health issues. While looking for alternative carrier for probiotics, the aptness of carrot juice and beetroot juice for the production of probiotic food with L. acidophillus, L. casei and Bifidum longum was explored. Proximate composition of probiotic juice revealed increase in level of protein content and reduction in level of carbohydrates as compared to that in the fresh carrot and beetroot juice. During the study of growth kinetics, gradual change in pH, acidity, vitamin C and sugar concentration was witnessed and represented the significant growth of probiotics and production of lactic acid by them. The data obtained from this investigation provide new insights into projection of fermented carrot- beetroot juice as an appropriate medium for the growth of probiotics.
Numerical investigations on high-speed turbo-compressor rotor systems with air ring bearings: Nonlinear vibration behavior and optimization
Authors:   Institute of Applied Dynamics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Zeise Pascal , Schweizer Bernhard ,   Institute of Applied Dynamics, Technical University of Darmstadt
Published: November 2023

Regarding aerodynamic bearings, mainly two basic types can be distinguished: air bearings with a rigid housing and air foil bearings with an elastic supporting structure. Here, a modified bearing concept -- called air ring bearing -- is investigated, which may be considered as a further development of rigid air bearings or as a combination of the two basic bearing types. The idea of air ring bearings is to insert a ring-shaped bearing bushing between the shaft and the foil structure. Alternatively, a visco-elastic supporting structure (e.g., an elastomer) can be applied to connect the bushing ring with the housing. In the first case, external dissipation is mainly generated by dry friction. In the latter case, viscous damping is used to provide external dissipation. Due to the external friction/damping generated by the ring mounting structure, rotor systems with air ring bearings can be operated above the linear threshold speed of instability so that stable self-excited vibrations with moderate amplitudes can be achieved in the complete speed range. Here, a detailed transient co-simulation model for rotor systems with air ring bearings is presented. The rotor is represented by a multibody model. The air films of the two bearings are represented by two nonlinear time-dependent finite element systems. The multibody model and the two finite element subsystems are solved simultaneously by means of an explicit sequential co-simulation technique. Due to the strong nonlinearities, the system shows interesting vibration and bifurcation effects, which are investigated in detail with the help of run-up simulations.
Fake news e circularidades narrativas na pandemia da Covid-19 e da H1N1
Authors: Fernandes Carla Montuori , Gomes Vinícius Borges , de Oliveira Luiz Ademir
Published: November 2023

O artigo traz como proposta a discussão dos fluxos informativos, que circularam na rede social Twitter, durante a epidemia de Gripe Suína (H1N1) e a pandemia da COVID-19. Esta abordagem se debruça sobre as informações falsas propagadas durante os três primeiros meses de cada incidência, mapeando, ainda, os principais clusters e a rede de influenciadores nos distintos contextos sociais e políticos do Brasil. A pesquisa emprega o método da Análise de Conteúdo alinhada à Análise das Redes Sociais (ARS). O corpus compreende a coleta dos tuítes, usando a linguagem de programação Python, no período de maio a agosto de 2009, para o surto de H1N1, e março a junho de 2020, para a Covid-19.
Trends of feline Escherichia coli minimum inhibitory concentrations over 14 years illustrate the need for judicious antimicrobial use in cats
Authors: Cobo-Angel Claudia , Mosaddegh Abdolreza , Aprea Melissa , Guarino Cassandra , Cummings Kevin J. , Cazer Casey
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends among Escherichia coli isolated from cats between 2008 and 2022, utilizing MIC data, within a one-health framework.

SAMPLE

The study analyzed MIC results from 1,477 feline E coli isolates that were obtained from samples submitted to the Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center, primarily from the northeastern US.

METHODS

MIC values were categorized as susceptible or not susceptible using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoints. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was analyzed using a Poisson regression model. Additionally, accelerated failure time models were employed to analyze MIC values.

RESULTS

Out of the 1,477 E coli isolates examined, 739 (50%) showed susceptibility to all tested antimicrobials. Among the tested antimicrobials, cefazolin (69%) and ampicillin (74% for urinary tract isolates) exhibited the lowest susceptibility. Overall, 15% of isolates were not susceptible to cefovecin. E coli isolates were highly susceptible (> 95%) to antibiotics typically reserved for human use. Almost one-third of the isolates were classified as MDR, with nonurinary isolates more likely to exhibit an MDR pattern. A decrease in MICs for fluoroquinolones and gentamicin in recent years was identified. However, MICs for cephalexin increased from 2016 to 2022 and cefovecin from 2012 to 2019.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

This study highlights the challenge of AMR in feline medicine, emphasizing the importance of responsible antimicrobial use and surveillance to address E coli AMR. The related Currents in One Health by Cazer et al, JAVMA, December 2023, addresses additional feline antimicrobial stewardship topics.
Acute pyelonephritis in cats is frequently caused by Escherichia coli resistant to potentiated penicillins but has a better prognosis than other causes of acute kidney injury
Authors: Whitehouse William H. , Ostronic Abby L. , Viviano Katrina R.
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE

To describe the clinical findings, microbiological data, treatment, and outcome of a population of cats with suspected acute pyelonephritis (APN).

ANIMALS

32 client-owned cats.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PROCEDURES

Retrospective case series from 2 veterinary teaching hospitals between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2020. Cats were included if they had a positive bacterial urine culture and a clinical diagnosis of acute kidney injury.

RESULTS

Older female cats with underlying chronic kidney disease have a higher probability to develop bacterial culture–positive acute kidney injury or APN. Escherichia coli was the most commonly cultured bacterial species, and E coli isolates with susceptibility testing were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate but susceptible to fluoroquinolones or third-generation cephalosporins. Of the 20 cats with available follow-up information in the medical record, 14 were alive at 3 months after hospital discharge. Markers of renal function including creatinine (P = .008), BUN (P = .005), and phosphorus (P < .001) at the time of presentation were all higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The survival rate with feline APN is higher than previous reports of acute kidney injury when all etiologies are considered. Nonsurvivors had more pronounced azotemia upon initial presentation. Amoxicillin-clavulanate was a poor empirical antimicrobial in this cohort based on the microbiological data.
Priorities of social development of the Ural regions: Strategic and investment aspects
Authors: SHISHKINA Elena A. , KVON Gul'nara M.
Published: November 2023

Subject. This article discusses the issues of strengthening the common economic space of Russia. Objectives. The article aims to compare strategic planning documents on priority areas of development of the Ural regions and analyze changes in socio-economic and demographic indicators. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods. Results. The article finds that the current conditions, characterized as turbulent, have not affected the forecasts for the dynamics of the target indicators enshrined in the strategies of socio-economic development of the Ural regions. The article substantiates the expediency of calculating the Capital-to-Labor Ratio indicator when analyzing the investment potential of the region. Relevance. The results of the study can be used to adjust the target indicators enshrined in strategic planning documents.
Dialogische Selbsttheorie:
Authors: Hermans Hubert J.M.
Published: November 2023

Seit ihrer Entstehung zu Beginn der neunziger Jahre hat die dialogische Selbsttheorie in verschiedene Bereiche Eingang gefunden. Heute findet sie Anwendung in der Pädagogik, der Kultur, der Belletristik, der Psychopathologie, im Counseling und in der Psychotherapie. Im vorliegenden Artikel werde ich die Genese dieser Theorie sowie ihre primären Konzepte und ihre Bedeutung für die Psychotherapie erörtern. Nach Darlegung der Theorie werden einige praktische, therapeutische Implikationen vorgestellt und durch den Fall eines tatsächlichen Klienten verdeutlicht.
Personzentriertes und Experienzielles Verständnis triadischer Psychotherapie
Authors: Pinzker Inge
Published: November 2023

Immer mehr Psychotherapeut*innen und Dolmetscher*innen finden sich in einem triadischen Setting wieder, auf welches sie in ihren Regelausbildungen kaum vorbereitet wurden. In diesem Artikel werden ein personzentriertes und experienzielles Verständnis der Rolle der Dolmetscher*in sowie erste Überlegungen zu einem entsprechenden Umgang mit dem triadischen Setting vorgestellt. Das Setting wird als eigenständig definiert und nicht mit der gewohnten Dyade verglichen, wie es in Theorie und Praxis immer noch überwiegend geschieht. Es wird ein interdisziplinärer Zugang vertreten, der Erkenntnisse der Translationswissenschaft mit personzentrierten und experienziellen Haltungen verknüpft.
Gefangene des Selbst?
Authors: Lukits Gerhard
Published: November 2023

Im vorliegenden diskursiven Gedankengang versucht der Autor, die personzentrierte Persönlichkeitstheorie auf die Möglichkeit existenzieller Freiheit zu befragen, also auf die Möglichkeit, in bewusster, autonomer Entscheidung Haltungen einzunehmen und zu handeln. Grundsätzlich hat Rogers den Personzentrierten Ansatz, gegen behavioristisch-mechanistische Annahmen seiner Zeit, als emanzipativen, an der Freiheit des Individuums orientierten Ansatz begründet. Dabei bewegt sich Rogers vorwiegend auf der Ebene der Philosophie mit ihren gesellschaftspolitischen Implikationen. Inwiefern hält aber auch seine wissenschaftliche Theorie diesem mit Engagement verfolgten Anliegen stand? Den Angelpunkt für eine Antwort darauf sieht der Autor in der Frage, wie sehr eine Person durch ihre Erfahrungen, vor allem durch ihre wichtigen Beziehungserfahrungen determiniert ist, die sich bei Rogers im Selbst(konzept) abbilden. Dementsprechend wird im Artikel erörtert, in welchem Zusammenhang das Selbst mit der Entscheidungsfindung beim Menschen steht, inwiefern es sein Handeln genau bestimmt oder gar automatisiert. Bei genauerer Hinsicht zeigt sich nach der Auf fassung des Autors, dass Rogers diesbezüglich eine konsistente Linie verfolgt: Das Selbst „tut selbst nichts“ (s. u.). Sein nur mittelbarer Einfluss liegt demnach darin, dass es als Erscheinungsform und „sensibles Projekt“ der Aktualisierungstendenz unter dem besonderen Schutz des Organismus steht. Dieser wägt in einer solchen Sichtweise situativ und gesamtheitlich ab, in welcher Weise je nach Interessenlage welche vorhandenen Strukturen zu schützen sind, eine Abwägung, in der er grundsätzlich flexibel ist. Dieser Spielraum des Organismus, in welchem Ausmaß er Erfahrungen zur Symbolisierung im Bewusstsein freigibt, ist demgemäß die Voraussetzung von Freiheit – verwirklicht wird sie auf der Ebene des Bewusstseins in der bejahenden Teilnahme am Prozess der organismischen Erfahrung.
The Recalcitrance of the Tragic Hero in Shakespeare’s Macbeth
Authors: Salim Taha Khalaf
Published: November 2023

Stated by Aristotle in his Poetics, tragic flaw is one of the main characteristics of the tragic hero, a weak point within his personality that leads him to commit fatal mistake during the events and that is what causes his decline. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the tragic hero, Macbeth, is motivated to embrace evil and to be criminal for he is not immune in the opposite of his diseased will to extort the throne. Under the influence of this flaw, Macbeth degenerates from a respected man of great honour to an isolated murderer and then to the expected conclusion, death. The aim of this research is to examine the recalcitrance, one’s illegitimate ambition, as Macbeth’s tragic flaw in depth throwing much light on its significant role in bringing about the idea of treason, killing king Duncan, in Macbeth’s mind and, then, committing the crime.
Abstract: The Dramatic Structure in Hakim Al-Dawudi's Poetry
Authors: 'Amil Hazza' Ahlam
Published: November 2023

The dramatic structure in poetry means theemployment of as much as possible of the elements ofdrama such as time, place, action, characters, conflict andthe actual use of dramatic verbs and poetic images. Thoughdramatic elements can be generally found in any poetictext, what is meant by the dramatic structure here is theconscious and intentional existence, i.e. the poetintentionally uses the dramatic values and makes themevidently functional to develope his poem's structure anddeepen its poetic expression. These dramatic elements mayappear in the poetic work without affecting the form of thepoetic genre or changing it into a play, for instance. Thismeans that a poem remains a poem whatever dramaticelements were employed in it. Hakim Al-Dawudi's poetry isrich with the elements of the dramatic structure whichdeepens movement, action, dramatic development and thelinguistic and imagist conflict. In this paper some of hispoems of dramatic nature are selected for analysis from histwo collections The Time of Love and A Time as Stranger.
Activating Functional Formulas of EFL Learners` Fluency and Accuracy Skills at the College of Education for Human Sciences (Ibn Rushd)
Authors: Khalil Elaf Riyadh
Published: November 2023

The paper investigates the frequency and the impact ofusing Functional formulas in EFL students` fluency and accuracyused in English teaching in College of Education for HumanSciences (Ibn Rushd), English Department. This study aims atfinding out the frequency of formulaic sequences’ in students`fluency- accuracy skills, whether or not the student differences inthe functional formulas in fluency- accuracy competences ,andinvestigating differences in types formulaic sequences in fluencyaccuracyskills. The instruments are (observation and essay writing)used in investigating the fluency through using observation whereasin accuracy using essay testing. With 100 functional formulas, oneighty students second year at English Department. The differentcommunication skills differ in functions of functional formulaic.And there is no statistical significant difference between learners’proficiency levels. Research results show that the frequency offunctional formulaic in the (fluency) is significantly higher thanthat of the (accuracy). These findings are obtained by usingindependent t-test, SD, Means, which revealed the informationobtained from functional formulaic enables teachers to providelearners more effective instruction in fluency and accuracydevelopment.
Updating the Learner's Culture: A Literary Philosophy, Miller's Death of a Salesman Is an Example
Authors: Ubeid Ahmed H.
Published: November 2023

The study aims to consider the literary philosophy behind theprocess of acquiring a standard of knowledge and culture through literatureand specifically tragedies. It tries to show with details the merits of dealingwith literary classes in the process of teaching English at college grade. Thestudy presents Miller's Death of a Salesman as an example to improve andupdate the learner's knowledge and culture. The mechanism of teaching dramawill not be discussed as it may deviate the reader towards other criteria that arenot sought by the study because the purpose is purely literature.
Blockage Image Schema in Translating George Herbert's " The Collar" into Arabic
Authors: Mahmood, PH.D. Ayad Hameed
Published: November 2023

The paper is intended to consider the possibility oftranslating poetic texts in the light of Image Schema (IS)theory. The paper argues for the applicability of this theoryand its ability to deal with the problems of translating thetexts understudy. To verify this argument, blockage IS isapplied to the translation of Herbert's " The Collar " intoArabic. The results of the study have verified its argument.The paper ends up with a suggested translation of the poem aswell as some conclusions based on the findings of the study.
Price And Valuable Rocks In Saeb Tabrizi Poetry
Authors: Mohammad Nzik Qassim
Published: November 2023

Since ancient times, the people have tended to pay attention toprecious stones, they have tried to collect and retain them because thesestones have beautiful and natural properties. For these reasons, theartists and craftsmen have made different and beautiful geometricshapes including rings, bracelets ndnecklaces. The most importantgemstones are the diamond, sapphire, pearl, emerald, turquoise, coral,agate and there are many more. These precious stones have beenmentioned in Saeb Tabriz`s Diwan where his Diwan contains manynames of these gemstones.This paper begins with a brief account of theSaeb`s life followed by the important meanings of the gemstonesmentioned in Saeb's poetry with examples from his own poems aboutthese stones.
Intensifiers of Negation in Arabic with Reference to Translation into English
Authors: Muhammed Abdul-Sattar Mahmood
Published: November 2023

The present study tackles the problems which translatorsencounter through the process of translation of the Arabic texts thatcontain intensifiers of negation. This study tries to help translators toutilize different techniques to differentiate between the source text with acertain intensifier of negation and the target text which does not containany intensifier of negation. In other words, the study aims at attractingtranslators' attention to make them able to convey the intended sense ofthe intensifiers in Arabic to English .It is also to be noted that Arabic hasmore intensifiers of negation than English , which may lead to greaterdifficulty in rendering . This study has verified that intensifiers ofnegation are widely used in the Glorious Quran as well as in the otherstandard modern texts of Arabic .
Interactive literature in The light of the Deconstructional Approach
Authors: Handayi Hassan Sailm
Published: November 2023

There is an unintended relationship between (interactiveliterature) and some of the approaches of modernism and postmodern as anunplanned response with monetary principles such as the receptiontheory andreader's response approach, tolerance and dialogue and decomposition andoverlapping races.And the presence of these monetary patterns in literature as an interactivepart of nature allows making the critical reading fruitful; an ambition projectwhich tries to reduce the gap between the curriculum and text, which isproblematic in the Arab critical discourse. For these and other reasons we cantalk about interactive literature and criticism from the perspective of criticalreading through the title "Interactive literature in The light of theDeconstructional Approach".
The Importance of Teaching Reading Skills of English Language Using Variety of Techniques in Jordanian Curriculum
Authors: Admour Majida Abdullah Yaseen
Published: November 2023

The study aims at shedding light on the application andimpacts of the importance of teaching reading skills in English languageusing a variety of techniques in Jordanian curriculum. These techniquesof reading skills simplify reading English text and help students do tasksthat are presented by English teachers in Jordanian public schools, whoteach Action Pack pupil‟s book. In order to achieve the objectives of thisstudy, the researcher followed the analytical descriptive method in termsof applying the study tools, data collection and analysis. The studysample consisted of a group of seventh grade students from Al-AghwareDirectorate of Education, at two schools for girls of (128) students. Thestudy found that there is an effect of the strategy of reading skill insimplifying reading texts and articles, as the researcher recommendedthe need to work on these techniques to be used within the classroomlanguage.
Cultural Affiliation in Abu Tammam's Poem
Authors: Al Fares Adnan Mish'al Rashid
Published: November 2023

Abu Tammam is an outstanding poetic who hadgreatly influenced Arabic poetry. His enormousknowledge left its prominent effects on his literaryworks especially the poetry in which he Focused hisefforts on the aspects of rhetoric and composition,maintaining a historical reference, and culturalaffiliation that made him unique to many of his peersin the performance of meaning and the context ofpoetic texts.
The Role of Language Skills in Enhancing Translators' Performance in Sight Translation: A Case Study
Authors: Al-Jubori Gailan Mahmoud Hussein , Al-Talqani Muhannad Hadi Abdulameer
Published: November 2023

This study sheds light on two of the basic language skills(reading skill and speaking skill) through which students can perform sight translation efficiently. The performance of the students depends on the way the students can employ these skills in order to reach at a meaningful message as they rely on their language skills specifically the receptive skills such as the reading skill and productive skills such as the speaking skill. The aim of this study is to analyze the students' points of view concerning the two skills for mastering the process of Sight Translation (SiT), and to what extent the important role and impact of such skills in rendering the Source Text (ST) into the Target Message ( TM) for the audience. Ninety- four students of the second year / Department of Translation / College of Arts / University of Tikrit and University of Wasit, ( 2018-2019) have been used as samples in this study to analyze their responses on items in a closed-items questionnaire. This questionnaire contains fifteen items which cover the important aspects on
Lexical Accompaniments for Imam Hassan's Prayers: Contrast as an Example
Authors: Al-Mousawi Aas Akeel Kadhum
Published: November 2023

Contrast does not mean opposition or disintegration;it is an essential part of texts. A writer or a speaker resorts to theuse of contrast in order to give a vivid image of a scene or anidea. This means that when a speaker uses two oppositeexpressions, the intention is to convey a vast and clear messageof the text. When one says "black", for instance, this calls tomind the thought of "white" and this perception may haveramifications far from the intention of the sender of the message,so the speaker resorts to contrast in a similar context to showmore comprehensive sides for the specific required meaning.This paper, therefore, is devoted to the study of contrast in ImamHassan's prayers to shed light on a text from the early Islamic erabefore the spread of jargon and error in Arabic language. Threetypes of contrast are examined in three sections: Contrast inmentioning the traits of Almighty God, contrast in thecomparison between Almighty God and others of His creaturesand contrast in the features of man. The study concludes thatImam Hussein depends in his concepts on the Holy Qur'an andthe reason is that he was close to revelation of the Holy Qur'anand he was brought up by Prophet Mohammad as well as hisparents. The contrast in his prayers was an image of his age,between his father's death and his own death.
Sheikh Abdu- Azis Al-Samarra'i and his Linguistic Efforts: Morphology as a Model in his Book Jadawul il-Amthilati
Authors: Al-Shijeri Hatam Hamdan Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

This paper is an attempt to study the linguistic efforts ofSheikh Abdul-Aziz Al-Samarra'i. If the scholars of syntax have talkedabout speech as consisting of two nouns or verb and noun, SheikhAbdul-Aziz Al-Samarra'i divides speech into three sections: thespeaker, the addressee and the third person. Each of them is eithermasculine or feminine, as the result of multiplying 3 x 2 = 6 (six), andeach of them is either single, dual or plural, so the result of multiplying6 x 3 = 18 (eighteen) types, and this is what it requires mental division,but the existing forms are only (14). The Sheikh said that in thesetables, mental division requires (18) forms and the existing are (14).Heopens his book talking about the Arabic verb in its three forms: past,present and imperative, and the use of the proper negation articles.Then he talks about the noun, beginning with the present participle,the adjective, the infinitive, the time-nominal, the place-nominal, them-infintive, the two verbs of exclamation and concludes withimportant notificationsThe paper is divided into three main sections: Section One is devotedto his life and works, Section Two deals with his linguistic efforts inthe conjugation of verbs and Section Three to his efforts in theconjugation of nouns. The paper ends with a conclusion which sumsup results of the study.
Parodies in Prose Letters: Al-Qadhi Al-Fadhil's Letter In Conquering Al-Quds as Example
Authors: Abdullah Noor Raad
Published: November 2023

This paper is an attempt to explore parody in prose letters byexamining three writers: Al-Qadhi Al-Fadhil, Ibn ul-Atheer, andAl-Imad ul-Asfahani. The study tries to explore the influence of Al-Qadhi il-Fadhil style on Ibn ul-Atheer and Al-Asfahani ecause bothof them followed Al-Fadil's style in composition whether in theopening lines or in the body of the letter. The study proves thatAl-Qadi Al-Fathil was a distinguished pioneer while Al-Ima was animitator of his style. On the other hand, Ibn ul-Atheer also imitatedAl-Qathi Al-Fadhil with slight differencre.
Motives of Pain in Nazik Al-Mala'ika's Poetry
Authors: Nahhay Mohammad Hassun
Published: November 2023

This paper is an attempt to trace th lines in the personality of the poetNazik Al-Mala'ika as far as the reasons behind pain are concernedbecause recognizing the hidden motives behind her long poems thatare obsessed with pain will open new horizons for the readers toappreciate the implicit meaning of every line, poem, or whisper. Thepaper is divided into an introduction, two sections and a conclusion.The first section is devoted to the individual motives behind pain andis subdivided into two parts; the first deals with personal motives andthe second with those related to her family. The second section is alsodivided into two parts; the first traces the general motives which aremore diverse such as poverty and the oppression of woman and thesecond sheds light on the plight of man in Iraq, in the Arab homelandand the world at large which, combined together, provided the poetwith a strong motive for pain. The paper ends with the conclusionwhich sums up the results of the study.
British-American English Synonyms in Tourism Language and their Effect on Listener’s Understanding
Authors: Al-dabbagh Ghada Saad Al-din M. Salih
Published: November 2023

This study deals with the differences between British and American English synonyms in tourism language (i.e. hotel, travel, transportation, and so on.). And if these differences affect on the listener's understanding, or not. The problem lies in the differences between British – American English, in the language variations in (lexical synonyms ) in the regional dialect, geographical dialect, social dialect that may affect on meaning of the intended word in tourism field, because of the differences between two communities, and how these communities used these synonyms. These variations of the Source Language British and American English (BrE and AmE) spoken by native speakers or non- native speakers may affect on the listener’s understanding (receiver’s understanding) and lose the intended meaning of the tourism synonyms.The aim of the study is to identify the language variation of BrE and AmE and the varieties of English dialects, and how are these varieties affect on the understanding of the listener and recipient in the British and American societies. Know the extent of the effect these varieties on the understanding of the listener and recipient in British and American societies.
Investigating the Effect of Stylistic Analysis on EFL Students’ Comprehension of some of Thomas Hardy’s Poems
Authors: Mohammed Instr. Maha B.
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the role of the stylistic analysis in increasing the comprehension of the EFL students of the poetic texts.It focuses on presenting some linguistic categories of three poems of Thomas Hardy. These poems are preceded by a a test and followed by the same test.Then, it compares and measures the answers of the subjects to judge whether there is any improvement in their interpretation of the selected poems. It also sheds light on the distinctive features of Hardy's poetic language. Finally, the study infers that stylistic analysis has an undeniable pedagogical importance for students who study English as a foreign language.
The Rhetorical Colors in the Unique Vocabulary Poems in Ibn Tayfour's Anthology
Authors: Jasim Ali Hasan , Hussein Faez Hasan
Published: November 2023

Poetry is the record of the Arabs in which they recorded their history, feats and exploits, it is the ceremony to record the finer details of their social, scientific, intellectual, political and even religious life. This research tries to answer several questions, including, did poets write vocabulary poems more than the use of rhetorical devices? Can Ibn Tayfour be an example to be followed in his selections of unique poems? As well as other questions. The research adopted the descriptive and analytical approach, he mentioned the Bada'i style and then followed by explanation and analysis during the general atmosphere of the poem, domesticated by the art owners and imams of rhetoric. The research deals with the colourful rhetoric in the unique poems of Ibn Tayfour's selection and it is divided into two sections: the first section is devoted to the sense devices and the second to the verbal devices.. The study concludes that the most common devices used are assonance, parallelism, while the least used are pun, contrast, quotation and euphemism because they are suitable for certain themes and this contradict the vocabulary poems written by some poets
Modernity discourse in Literature between Jamal Shahid and Walid Kassab
Authors: Guedri Rania , Arous Mohammed
Published: November 2023

The study aims to uncover critical issues that represented a cognitive field for the discourse of modernity in literature, about which the visions and perceptions differed and the positions and orientations varied, and thus it was the focus of a critical dialogue between "Jamal Shehid" and "Walid Kassab". It also seeks to uncover the impact of the intellectual and cognitive trends that have led each critic to address the issue of modernity from a different perspective. The study concluded that the issues that were the subject of critical dialogue enriched the critical arena and opened the horizons of contemporary critical discourse to the creative achievement, as well as the critical one, from different perspectives, according to two different references. Between the Western reference, the Arabic and Islamic reference, and the ideological stances embodied by them; it demonstrated the foundational motives to address the issue of modernity in literature
Poetic Stylistics in Hamad Ad-Dukhi's "To the Distant Blue"
Authors: Hamad Nawafal
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe main concern of this paper is a stylist approach to Ad-Dukhi's poem "To the Distant Blue" focusing on the frequently repeated use of certain sounds, the reason behind using them, their effect on the theme of the poem, the extent of their effect on conveying the poem to the receiver as well as the strong rhythm which they add to the poem by their repeated use and their emotional effect on the happy or sad tone they induce. As for the structural aspect, the paper sheds light on the syntactic structure of the poem focusing on the relations between one word and the other adjuncting words in the sentence and the role the word plays in versification. As for the rhetorical aspect, the paper examines the use of metaphor and simile and how the poet draws his images with absolute accuracy and how they participate in expressing the vision and the psychological dimension of the poet and the result was an artistic value which matches the content of the poem. As for the semantic aspect, it was indirectly tackled through studying the other aspects showing that the use of each expression has a certain semantic connotation whether it is structural, rhythmical or rhetorical. The poet has not used such things by chance; the study reaches at the conclusion that the poet applied his poetic critical vision in composing this poem as is evident in the accurate organization and the absence of negative gaps in the poem. The resulting effect is the dominant distinguished poetic style which is a result of the emotional and psychological condition that hives a clear impression of the sense of belonging the poet feels towards his own homeland (Iraq) and the accompanying pain which resulted from the circumstance Iraq is undergoing.
Analyse linguistique des erreurs courantes en FLE chez les étudiants à l’université d’Aljufra en Libye
Authors: ALSADAG Alsadag H E
Published: November 2023

La présente étude porte sur l’analyse linguistique des erreurs en FLE chez les étudiants du département de français de la faculté de pédagogie de Waddan à l’université d’Aljufra en Libye dans leur apprentissage du français langue étrangère. Dans notre article, nous allons mettre l’accent sur les interférences linguistiques entre l’arabe et le français. L’objectif de notre travail est d’essayer d’analyser des erreurs récurrentes, relevées dans le corpus de 20 copies de réponses recueillies entre les années 2016 et 2019 et rédigées par 20 étudiants arabophones du FLE au niveau A2 / B1 du CECRL lors de leurs examens du 5ème et 6ème semestre. Nous allons examiner et exposer leur origine et leur source afin d’y remédier et nous allons proposons des pistes de remédiations proposées pour améliorer leur production linguistique en FLE.