bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Siegel automorphic form corrections of some Lorentzian Kac-Moody Lie algebras
Authors: Gritsenko Valeri A. , Nikulin Viacheslav V.
Published: February 2007

We find automorphic form corrections which are generalized Lorentzian Kac-Moody superalgebras without odd real simple roots for two elliptic Lorentzian Kac-Moody algebras of rank 3 with a lattice Weyl vector, and calculate multiplicities of their simple and arbitrary roots. These Kac-Moody algebras are defined by hyperbolic symmetrized generalized Cartan matrices [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] of rank 3. Both these algebras have elliptic type (i.e., their Weyl groups have fundamental polyhedra of finite volume in corresponding hyperbolic spaces) and have a lattice Weyl vector. The correcting automorphic forms are Siegel modular forms. The form corresponding to G 1 is the classical Siegel cusp form of weight 5 which is the product of ten even theta-constants. In particular we find an infinite product formula for this modular form.
F-rational rings have rational singularities
Authors: Smith Karen E.
Published: February 2007

It is proved that an excellent local ring of prime characteristic in which a single ideal generated by any system of parameters is tightly closed must be pseudorational. A key point in the proof is a characterization of F-rational local rings as those Cohen-Macaulay local rings ( R, m ) in which the local cohomology module H d m ( R ) (where d is the dimension of R ) have no submodules stable under the natural action of the Frobenius map. An analog for finitely generated algebras over a field of characteristic zero is developed, which yields a reasonably checkable tight closure test for rational singularities of an algebraic variety over [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /], without reference to a desingularization.
Cubic correspondences arising from G 2
Authors: Ginzburg David , Rallis Stephen , Soudry David
Published: February 2007

We use the automorphic realization of the minimal representation (the theta representation) of the three fold cover of G 2 to construct a correspondence of automorphic forms between members of dual pairs inside G 2 . The dual pairs under consideration are (SL 2 , SL 2 ) and (SL 3 , Z 3 ). In the first case, we obtain the Shimura correspondence between the three fold cover of SL 2 and SL 2 , through explicit integral formulae. In the second case, we decompose theta over the three fold cover of SL 3 , both locally and globally. The constituents are parametrized by their central characters and are cuspidal, except (essentially) when the central character is trivial. We thus obtain "cuspidal theta representations" and "the unramified theta representation" of the three fold cover of SL 3 .
Inverse problems in quasilinear anisotropic media
Authors: Sun Ziqi , Uhlmann Gunther
Published: February 2007

We consider the question of whether one can determine the anisotropic, quasilinear conductivity of a medium by making voltage and current measurements at the boundary. We prove that all the known results for the linear case also hold in the quasilinear case.
Extensions of C ( X ) by Simple C *-algebras of real rank zero
Authors: Lin Huaxin
Published: February 2007

Let Ext ( C ( X ), A ) be the set of unitarily equivalence classes of essential C *-algebra extensions of the following form: 0 → A → E → C ( X ) → 0, where A is a nonunital separable simple C *-algebra of real rank zero, stable rank one with unique normalized trace and X is a finite CW complex. We show that there is a bijection [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]: Ext ( C ( X ), A ) → KK ( C ( X ), M ( A )/ A ), where M ( A ) is the multiplier algebra of A . In particular, we determine when an extension is actually splitting. We also, in a more general setting, give a condition when an essential extension is quasidiagonal.
Global existence of the equivariant Yang-Mills heat flow in four space dimensions
Authors: Schlatter Andreas E. , Struwe Michael , Tahvildar-Zadeh A. Shadi
Published: February 2007

We show that the Yang-Mills heat flow of SO (4)-equivariant connections on an SU (2)-bundle over a ball in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] admits a smooth solution for all time for any initial and boundary data of finite energy.
On stable complete minimal hypersurfaces in R n +1
Authors: Shen Yi-Bing , Zhu Xiao-Hua
Published: February 2007

By using the interior curvature estimate and Gromov's compactness theorem, we prove that a stable complete minimal hypersurface in R n +1 with finite total scalar curvature must be a hyperplane. This extends the result obtained by P. Bérard in Remarques sur l'équation de J. Simons, Pitman Monographs Surveys Pure Appl. Math. , vol. 52, 1991, pp. 47-57.
Affine inequalities and radial mean bodies
Authors: Gardner R. J. , Zhang Gaoyong
Published: February 2007

We introduce for p > -1 the radial p th mean body R p K of a convex body K in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]. The distance from the origin to the boundary of R p K in a given direction is the p th mean of the distances from points inside K to the boundary of K in the same direction. The bodies R p K form a spectrum linking the difference body of K and the polar projection body of K , which correspond to p = ∞ and p = -1, respectively. We prove that R p K is convex when p > 0. We also establish a strong and sharp affine inequality relating the volume of R p K to that of R q K when -1 < p < q . When p = n and q → ∞, this becomes the Rogers-Shephard inequality, and when p → -1 and q = n , it becomes a reverse form of the Petty projection inequality proved previously by the second author.
Unramified cohomology of quadrics, I
Authors: Kahn Bruno , Rost Markus , Sujatha R.
Published: February 2007

Given a quadric X over a field F of characteristic ≠ 2, we compute the kernel and cokernel of the natural map in degree 4 from the mod 2 Galois cohomology of F to the unramified mod 2 cohomology of F ( X ), when dim X > 10 and in several smaller-dimensional cases. Applications of these results to real quadrics and to the unramified Witt ring are given.
Positive curvature, local and global symmetry, and fundamental groups
Authors: Rong Xiaochun
Published: February 2007

A π 1 -invariant torus-action on a manifold M is a T k -action on the universal covering which extends to the action of a semi-direct product π 1 ( M )× ρ T k . In particular, the T k -action is the lift of a T k -action on M if ρ is the identity map. The main result asserts that if a compact manifold M n of positive sectional curvature admits a π 1 -invariant isometric T k -action, then the fundamental group has a cyclic subgroup of index ≤ w ( n ). This refines the main result in [Ro1].
Exceptional sets for the definition of quasiconformality
Authors: Kallunki Sari , Koskela Pekka
Published: February 2007

We show that one can allow for an exceptional set in the definition of quasiconformality even when "limsup" is replaced with "liminf."
On global existence for nonlinear wave equations outside of convex obstacles
Authors: Keel Markus , Smith Hart F. , Sogge Christopher D.
Published: February 2007

The authors prove global existence of small solutions to a semilinear wave equation outside of convex obstacles. This extends results of Christodoulou and Klainerman who handled the Minkowski space version. The proof is a compromise of the methods of Christodoulou and Klainerman. It relies on local estimates proved earlier by Smith and Sogge together with classical energy decay estimates for the wave equation of Morawetz, Lax and Phillips.
Double sections, dominating maps, and the Jacobian fibration
Authors: Buzzard Gregery T. , Lu Steven S.-Y.
Published: February 2007

We give two parametrized versions of the uniformization theorem of a noncompact, non-hyperbolic Riemann surface using different but complementary methods. The first constructs the uniformizing maps directly in terms of coordinates via classical complex analysis and provides a canonical form for the double sections of a conic bundle over a noncompact complex curve. The second version, which is coordinate independent, works over any complex curve and is obtained by extending Kodaira's theory of the Jacobian fibration to a family of singular algebraic curves constructed via algebraic geometry. Then, using the results obtained with the Jacobian fibration, we give two equivalent conditions for a complex analytic surface nonhyperbolically fibered over a complex curve to be holomorphically dominable by [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]: We show that this dominability is equivalent to the apparently weaker condition of the existence of a Zariski dense image of [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] and equivalent to the quasiprojectivity of the base curve together with the nonnegativity of the orbifold Euler characteristic. We discuss also the sharpness of our result in various contexts as well as the lack of connection to the fundamental group.
On global existence and scattering for the wave maps equation
Authors: Tataru Daniel
Published: February 2007

We prove global existence and scattering for the wave-maps equation in n + 1 dimensions, n = 2, 3, for initial data which is small in the scale-invariant homogeneous Besov space Ḃ 2,1 n /2 x Ḃ 2,1 n /2-1 . This result was proved in an earlier paper by the author for n ≥ 4.
A height estimate for H -surfaces and existence of H -graphs
Authors: Montiel Sebastián
Published: February 2007

Let Ω be a bounded planar domain which is convex (although not necessarily strictly convex) with area A . We prove that, for each real number H satisfying AH 2 < ρ 2 π, with ρ = (√5 - 1)/2, there exists a graph on Ω with constant mean curvature H and boundary ∂Ω. This existence theorem is deduced as a consequence of an L ∞ estimate for compact constant mean curvature surfaces with planar boundary, in terms of the L 1 norm of a component of its Gauss map, which will be obtained in this paper.
The codimension one homology of a complete manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature
Authors: Shen Zhongmin , Sormani Christina
Published: February 2007

In this paper we prove that a complete noncompact manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature has a trivial codimension one homology unless it is a flat normal bundle over a compact totally geodesic submanifold. In particular, we prove the conjecture that a complete noncompact manifold with positive Ricci curvature has a trivial codimension one integer homology. We also have a corollary stating when the codimension two integer homology of such a manifold is torsion free.
Extremal discs and the regularity of CR mappings in higher codimension
Authors: Tumanov A.
Published: February 2007

We develop a local theory of extremal analytic discs attached to a strictly pseudoconvex manifold of higher codimension in complex space. We then apply the results to prove the regularity of CR homeomorphisms of such manifolds.
On cotriangular Hopf algebras
Authors: Etingof Pavel , Gelaki Shlomo
Published: February 2007

In an earlier paper, we proved that any triangular semisimple Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0 is obtained from the group algebra k [ G ] of a finite group G , by twisting its comultiplication by a twist in the sense of Drinfeld. In this paper, we generalize this result to not necessarily finite-dimensional cotriangular Hopf algebras. Namely, our main result says that a cotriangular Hopf algebra A over k is obtained from a function algebra of a proalgebraic group by twisting its multiplication by a Hopf 2-cocycle, and possibly changing its R -form by a central grouplike element of A * of order ≤ 2, if and only if the trace of the squared antipode on any finite-dimensional subcoalgebra of A is the dimension of this subcoalgebra. The generalization, like the original theorem, is proved using Deligne's theorem on Tannakian categories. We then give examples of twisted function algebras, and in particular, show that in the infinite-dimensional case, the squared antipode may not equal the identity. On the other hand, we show that in all of our examples, the squared antipode is unipotent, and conjecture it to be the case for any twisted function algebra. We prove this conjecture in a large number of special cases, using the quantization theory of the first author and D. Kazhdan.
Numerical invariants of phantom maps
Authors: Mcgibbon C. A. , Strom Jeffrey
Published: February 2007

In this paper two numerical invariants of phantom maps are studied; the Gray index G ( f ) and the essential category weight E ( f ) of a phantom map f . The possible values of these invariants are determined along with bounds on their values given in terms of the domain and range of the phantom map. Examples are given which show that the Gray index can take any positive finite value. Furthermore, if Map* ( X,Ŷ ) ∼ *, then every phantom map f : X → Y has finite Gray index. On the other hand, if X has finite type and H *(Σ X ;[inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]/ p ) is not locally finite as an [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] p module, then essential phantoms out of X with G ( f ) = ∞ are shown to exist. If Ω X is homotopy equivalent to a finite dimensional CW complex, then every phantom map f : X → Y has E ( f ) = ∞. However, if Map* ( X,Ŷ ) ∼ *, then every map f : X → Y has E ( f ) < ∞. An example is given such that this mapping space hypothesis is necessary. Calculations of E ( f ) for f : K ([inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /], n ) → S m are given; they demonstrate that E ( f ) can also take any positive finite value. Finally, a new filtration is introduced on certain phantom sets. It is used to sharpen a result of McGibbon and Roitberg. The new result is that if X is nilpotent, of finite type, and Ph ( X ,S n +1 ) = * for each n such that QH n ( X ;[inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="04i" /]) ≠ 0, then Ph ( X,Y ) = * for each finite type nilpotent space Y .
Equivariant elliptic cohomology and rigidity
Authors: Rosu Ioanid
Published: February 2007

Equivariant elliptic cohomology with complex coefficients was defined axiomatically by Ginzburg, Kapranov and Vasserot and constructed by Grojnowski. We give an invariant definition of complex S 1 -equivariant elliptic cohomology, and use it to give an entirely cohomological proof of the rigidity theorem of Witten for the elliptic genus. We also state and prove a rigidity theorem for families of elliptic genera.
Zeta functions of an infinite family of K 3 surfaces
Authors: Ahlgren Scott , Ono Ken , Penniston David
Published: February 2007

We identify a parameterized family of K 3 surfaces with generic Picard number 19, and we employ elementary methods to determine their local zeta functions. In addition, we explicitly determine those surfaces which are modular.
A lookup conjecture for rational smoothness
Authors: Boe Brian D. , Graham William
Published: February 2007

The purpose of this paper is to present a new combinatorial criterion for rational smoothness of a point in a Schubert variety. The main result proves the criterion for Schubert varieties associated to partial flag varieties of the form G/P where G is semisimple of classical type and P is a maximal parabolic subgroup; in the case where G/P is of cominuscule type (not necessarily classical), we prove a stronger result. We conjecture that the criterion is valid for all Schubert varieties. The paper also contains some general results related to rational smoothness in Schubert varieties.
Tamagawa numbers for motives with (noncommutative) coefficients, II
Authors: Burns D. , Flach M.
Published: February 2007

We provide corroborative evidence for the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture which was formulated in the first part of this article.
On the chromatic tower
Authors: Minami Norihiko
Published: February 2007

We fix a prime p and work in the p - local stable homotopy category. Then, Hopkins' chromatic splitting conjecture essentially predicts the information of a p - completed finite spectrum, obtained using the first ( n + 1) Morava K - theories K (0), K (1), . . . , K ( n ), may be obtained using a single higher Morava K - theory K ( m ). ( m ≥ n +1). However, in spite of its importance, this conjecture is very difficult and subtle. Actually, Devinatz noted the conjecture is false, as soon as we omit the finiteness assumption to include such a nice infinite spectrum as the p - completed BP spectrum. In this paper, we prove a result which reconciles Hopkins' chromatic splitting conjecture and Devinatz' observation about the p - completed BP spectrum. For the p - completion of "nice" spectra, including finite spectra and the BP - spectrum, our result essentially claims that the information obtained using the first ( n +1) Morava K - theories K (0), K (1), . . . , K ( n ), may be obtained using any m - k consecutive higher Morava K - theories K ( k + 1), K ( k + 2), . . . , K ( m - 1), K ( m ) with m - k ≥ n + s 0 + 1. Here, n 0 is the Hopkins-Ravenel (Hovey-Sadofsky) uniform horizontal vanishing line for the E ( n )-based standard Adams-Novikov spectral sequence.
Plurisubharmonic functions and the Kähler-Ricci flow
Authors: Ni Lei , Tam Luen-Fai
Published: February 2007

In this paper, a sharp linear trace Li-Yau-Hamilton inequality for Kähler-Ricci flow is proved. The new inequality extends the previous trace Harnack inequality obtained by H.-D. Cao. We also establish sharp gradient estimates for the positive solution of the time-dependent heat equation for some cases. Finally, we apply this new linear trace Li-Yau-Hamilton inequality to study the Liouville properties of the plurisubharmonic functions on complete Kähler manifolds with bounded nonnegative holomorphic bisectional curvature.
Toward a Typology of Roman Public Feasting
Authors: Donahue John F
Published: February 2007

The categories associated with modern French commensality
help to illuminate various forms of Roman public dining, most notably,
meals linked to events of the life cycle and religious festivals, as
well as those sponsored by collegia and by the emperor himself. A
comparative approach of this sort brings into sharper focus the nature
of this social practice by underscoring the propensity of meals in the
ancient world both to unite and to separate diners by social rank.
Living Icons: Tracing a Motif in Verbal and Visual Representation from the Second to Fourth Centuries C.E.
Authors: Francis James A.
Published: February 2007

This paper traces the development of a deliberate and intense emphasis
on visuality in literary representation of the second through fourth
centuries C.E., resulting in a new cultural phenomenon:
attributing the characteristics and functions of images to living
persons. Calling on a range of sources from Lucian's Eikones to the
Life of St. Daniel the Stylite and recent scholarship in art history
and critical theory, the paper analyzes a series of interfaces between
verbal and visual representation in terms of an active transaction
between viewer and viewed to construct meaning and establish and
communicate social power.
Youth and the Social Imagination in Africa: Introduction to Parts 1 and 2
Authors: Durham Deborah
Published: February 2007

Youth are an increasingly compelling subject for study in Africa, entering into political space in highly complex ways. To pay attention to youth is to pay close attention to the topology of the social landscape—to power and agency; public, national, and domestic spaces and identities, and their articulation and disjunctures; memory, history, and sense of change; globalization and governance; gender and class. In this introduction to the articles in Part 1 (this issue) and Part 2 (October issue), I draw attention to how youth is constructed as a problematic category and how it acts as a "social shifter" engaging the social imagination, to how youth contributes to generational debates and constructions, and to how consideration of youth challenges our thinking about agency.
Marriage, Kin, and Compensation: A Socio-Political Ecology of Gender in Ankarana, Madagascar
Authors: Gezon Lisa L.
Published: February 2007

While women play a central role in agriculture throughout Africa, it does not follow that all rural-dwelling women subsist primarily on agricultural activities. In the Ankarana region of northern Madagascar, for example, many rural women earn their living through a combination of agricultural day labor, petty buying and selling, and remunerated sexual and domestic relations with men. Their situation encourages an analysis of the multiple ways that woman participate in shaping patterns of resource use and access. These include contributions to the productive process, participation in decision-making, and finally, social reproduction of the labor force and of gender ideologies. This piece explores the complex relationships between gender and local resource use, concluding that attention to the gendered dynamics of resource use, access and management not only accounts for a frequently overlooked segment of the population, but it also contributes to more sophisticated understandings of the ways that humans gain access to, manage, and interact with material environment around them by engaging in relationships that are at once complementary and competitive.
When the Field Space Comes to the Home Space: New Constructions of Ethnographic Knowledge in a New African Diaspora
Authors: Rasmussen Susan J.
Published: February 2007

This essay analyzes processes of knowledge construction when Tuareg
smith/artisans from the Niger Republic travel to the United States to sell
their artworks. Specifically, I examine the effects of these new travels
upon the roles of Tuareg smith/artisans as culture-brokers and mediators,
and upon the anthropologist's similar work as messenger and translator in
confronting transnational complexity, when the heretofore distant "field"
space comes to the anthropologist's "home" space. The essay explores how
this variant of the African "diaspora" brings about a re-negotiation of
roles for artisans, as well as a reconstruction of knowledge of African
and Tuareg cultures and artisans, and more generally, invites a reflection
upon the ethnographic process itself in anthropology. The essay draws
upon data from both Niger and the USA, in analyzing longstanding and
changing smith/artisan roles as these roles remain situated in Niger,
but become embedded in wider social and economic processes and cultural
encounters abroad. These encounters produce not solely new art objects,
but also new commentaries on cultural boundaries and ethnographic
processes. The essay contributes to theories of culture, ethnographic
analysis, and the study of African art patronage.
"Delicious Horrors": Mass Culture, The Red Cross, and the Appeal of Modern American Humanitarianism
Authors: Rozario Kevin
Published: February 2007

This essay analyzes the extraordinary rise of mass humanitarianism in the United States in the early twentieth century. It contests prevailing critical assumptions about the oppositional relationship between humanitarianism and sensationalism, arguing that modern humanitarianism is actually best understood as a creation of an increasingly entertainment-oriented mass culture. Revealing unexpected affinities in the presentation and appeal of American Red Cross promotional texts (especially the society's hugely popular magazine) and pulp magazines, advertisements, and commercial movies, the essay offers fresh perspectives on the cultural production of morality and citizenship in the age of mass media.
Domesticating Delphi: Emily Dickinson and the Electro-Magnetic Telegraph
Authors: McCormack Jerusha Hull
Published: February 2007

In terms of style, Emily Dickinson's poems have often been described as "telegraphic." And yet to date no one has looked closely at what this might mean. To what extent is such a description useful? Is it limited merely to stylistic mannerisms? Or are there larger issues at stake? By considering the impact of the telegraph on mid-nineteenth-century America, this paper seeks to restore to Dickinson's enterprise a lost cultural context. The new technology was not implemented in a void. Apparently annihilating the barriers of time and space, the telegraph was quickly adopted by the current religious craze, that of Spiritualism, as a model for the transmission of voices from the Beyond. Thus, in boldly appropriating this new technology, Emily Dickinson also took on a whole range of cultural expectations which effectively transformed conventional notions about the nature of authorship, authority, and audience
A Rose By Any Other Name: Charlotte Perkins Stetson (Gilman) and the Case for American Reform Socialism
Authors: Van Wienen Mark W
Published: February 2007

While best known as a feminist author (and under the surname she adopted after her second marriage, in 1900), Charlotte Perkins Stetson held stronger commitments to movements advocating gradualist, or reform, socialism: Nationalism, Populism, and Fabianism. This article reconsiders the socialist underpinnings of Stetson/Gilman's career and, also, uses her work to illuminate the tradition of American reform socialism. Stetson's work in the 1890s reveals the radicalism of this tradition as well as its progressive stance on women's rights. Indeed, while acknowledging that "reform" and "revolutionary" socialist movements had separate identities in the United States, they were much closer in rhetoric, philosophy, and praxis than is usually assumed. This is clear not only in Stetson's explicitly socialist writing but in her ground-breaking Women and Economics (1898), a close reading of which reveals both the ongoing influence of Edward Bellamy Nationalism and startling parallels to August Bebel and Frederick Engels.
What Is an MC If He Can't Rap to Banda? Making Music in Nuevo L.A.
Authors: Kun Josh
Published: February 2007

This essay focuses on one song—Akwid's "No Hay Manera"—and what it tells us about the changing racial and cultural profiles of contemporary Los Angeles. In examining the "congealed history" of this hip hop-meets-banda composition from two immigrant brothers from Michoacan, I highlight the following main issues: the ongoing Mexicanization of Southeast and South Central Los Angeles in the context of economic globalization and de-industrialization, the subsequent centrality of Mexican migrant identity to the social structures and economic circuits of contemporary Los Angeles; the ongoing transformation of Mexican migrant cultural expressions from banda and norteno forms to new urban hybrids based in genre mixing, bilingualism, and generational re-invention; and the extent to which the creation of local musical forms in Los Angeles is both the product of the global flows of commercial popular culture and the producer of them.
Bringing Music to the People: Race, Urban Culture, and Municipal Politics in Postwar Los Angeles
Authors: Macias Anthony F
Published: February 2007

In Los Angeles during the early 1940s, the popular music and dance performances of a cross-cultural swing scene provoked reactionary regulation by white urban elites and law enforcement authorities. Reacting to multiracial musicians, dancers, and entrepreneurs, local politicians and municipal arts administrators created a Bureau of Music in order to encourage patriotic citizenship, prevent juvenile delinquency, and bring proper music to the people. This article argues that successive generations of Angelenos defied the city's rule of racial separation and white domination, creating a multicultural urban civility as they intermingled in dance halls, ballrooms, and auditoriums. Despite personal prejudice and internalized racism within and between different groups, dance music facilitated intercultural affinities that went beyond mere politeness or courtesy to include respect and tolerance. In diverse but distinct music scenes, Angelenos sustained egalitarian social relations in the face of blatant attacks on their civil liberties, particularly the right to freedom of assembly in public spaces. Ultimately, the educational infrastructure, cultural production, and grassroots initiatives of musicians, promoters, and fans brought music to more people, and brought more people from different neighborhoods together, than the official middle-class music programs of the city government did. Through cultural creativity and entrepreneurial activity, the irrepressible swing and RandB music scenes resisted social segregation and highbrow reification by fostering contact and comprehension, as well as musical and physical expression. Shaped by the influence of African Americans and Mexican Americans, the region's two largest racial minorities, the culture wars of the 1940s and 1950s illustrate how power struggles over public space, common values, and a democratic American culture played out in popular music and dance venues.
Centering from the Periphery in the Augustan Roman World: Ovid's Autobiography in Tristia 4.10 and Cornelius Nepo's Biography of Atticus
Authors: Hallett Judith P.
Published: February 2007

My paper explores the intertextual relationship between Ovid's autobiographical Tristia 4.10 and the biography of Titus Pomponius Atticus by Cornelius Nepos, arguing that Ovid seeks to recall and identify with Atticus, who, like himself, had spent several years in "exile" from Rome. Augustus enjoyed close personal ties with Atticus, and such an identification presumably appealed to Augustus's mercy. There are, however, other reasons why Ovid might have associated himself with Atticus: his fellow elegist Propertius had done so previously and Atticus was also kindred by marriage to the future emperor Tiberius, with whom Ovid shared literary interests.
The Age of the Bellows Dune Site O18, O'ahu, Hawai'i, and the Antiquity of Hawai'ian Colonization
Authors: Tuggle H. David , Spriggs Matthew
Published: February 2007

The Bellows Dune site was excavated more than three decades ago (Pearson et al.
1971), and has been generally considered one of the earliest settlement sites in the
Hawaiian cultural sequence. More than ten years later, in the now-classic summary
of Hawaiian archaeology, Kirch (1985) considered it to be one of only two sites
firmly identified as belonging to the Colonization phase in Hawai'i. This status has
remained largely intact. Working independently, the authors of the present article
found problems with the interpretations of the dating of this site. Combining our
efforts and reviewing the general debate over the timing of human colonization
of the Hawaiian archipelago, we suggest that the oft-quoted early dates for the
Bellows site are in error, and that a site-based argument for pre-A.D. 800 settlement
of Hawai'i is approaching a case list of zero. The most supportable conclusion is
that of the two main layers at O18, the lower one (L. III) pre-dates A.D. 1000, and
the upper one (L.II) post-dates A.D. 1000. The Bellows Dune site dating is deconstructed,
dates from Bellows that have not been published are presented, the Bellows
dates are placed in the context of new information from other sources on the date
of Hawaiian colonization, and a new hypothesis for the age of the Bellows Dune
site is proposed.
The Origins of Bagan: New Dates and Old Inhabitants
Authors: Hudson Bob , Nyein Lwin , (Tanpawady) Win Maung
Published: February 2007

Bagan is a major early urban center in Myanmar (Burma). Hundreds of Buddhist monuments were built there between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries A.D. The dating of activities earlier than this has until recently not been supported by scientific evidence. Part of Otein Taung, a "pottery hill" in the middle of the urban complex, has now been radiocarbon dated between A.D. 650 and 830. A new survey of the spread of "Pyu" fingermarked bricks has located these cultural markers, widespread in Myanmar in the first millennium A.D. , in more than 50 buildings at Bagan. This spatial and dating evidence suggests that before Bagan became a historically recorded economic and military power, and a key ritual center, it was a substantial settlement contemporaneous with some of Myanmar's distinctive first millennium "Pyu" sites.
Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History
Authors: Lee Yun Kuen
Published: February 2007

The generally accepted chronology of Chinese history begins in 841 B.C. , seventy years before the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In Shiji , Sima Qian (c. 145–89 B.C. ) compiled a chronological table of twelve contemporary states starting with 841 B.C. Over the past two thousand years, scholars have tried to extend the dates farther back, but without agreement. The Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project was recently commissioned by the Chinese Government to systematically reconstruct a reliable chronology of early Chinese history starting with the Xia Dynasty. After almost five years and the efforts of some 200 experts in different fields of study, a new chronological table of early China was disseminated in November 2000. It was anticipated that all future discussions on the absolute dates of early China would have to be based on the project's results. This paper discusses the main debates stimulated by the project and critically evaluates the methodology it employed. As a well-informed observer of the project, the author becomes aware of a number of intriguing issues regarding the study of the past in China, such as politics and the reconstruction of the past, the relationship between the archaeological record and the documentary record, and the compatibility of archaeological dates and historical dates. A discussion of these issues has broad implications for archaeology in other parts of the world.
"The Products of Minds as Well as of Hands": Production of Prestige Goods in the Neolithic and Early State Periods of China
Authors: Liu Li
Published: February 2007

This article examines the production of prestige goods in the Neolithic and early Bronze Age (Erlitou and Erligang Cultures) of China, focusing on procurement of raw material, and on manufacture, redistribution, and consumption of ritual objects made of jade, white pottery, and bronze. During the Neolithic period elite groups in several regions may have been directly involved in jade manufacture, which facilitated the formation of interaction networks based on shared cosmological concepts and aesthetic values. The elite enhanced their personal status by controlling ritual power, which was based on access to prestige goods and esoteric knowledge. During the early Bronze Age ritual vessels made of white pottery and bronze entered the inventory of prestige goods. These new types of ritual objects best facilitated the ancestor-worship ceremony, which was the ideological basis for politically legitimizing the ruling lineages. The process of bronze production and distribution, monopolized by the highest elite in the primary center (core), formed the backbone of the political hierarchy, enabling the development of a centralized political economy. These fundamental political and economic changes taking place in the Erlitou Culture indicate the transition from pre-state to state societies in north China.
Subsistence Strategies and Burial Rituals: Social Practices in the Late Deccan Chalcolithic
Authors: Raczek Teresa
Published: February 2007

Shifts in subsistence strategies during the transition between Early Jorwe (1400-
1000 B.C.) and Late Jorwe (1000-700 B.C.) periods of the western Deccan region of
India have been the focus of much archaeological research. This article reviews the
various theories proposed by researchers to explain transformations in subsistence
practices at this time and suggests that these changes had multiple repercussions in
the realm of social organization. These changes contrast markedly with a continuity
in infant burial practices. Reconfirming burial traditions may have served to counterbalance
the changes that occurred in daily practices. Even though burial practices
were upheld over time, individuals and groups varied slightly in their interpretation
of burial tradition, as well as their desire and ability to perform burial rites according
to tradition.
Context, Content, and Composition: Questions of Intended Meaning and the Asokan Edicts
Authors: Sugandhi Namita
Published: February 2007

The Asokan edicts are a familiar and common form of archaeological and textual
evidence frequently cited in discussions of the Mauryan polity. This paper is an
attempt to move toward a more nuanced understanding of these inscriptions by
examining earlier interpretations and previously held assumptions. One of the major
assumptions questioned here is the way in which the edicts are frequently viewed as
boundary markers of a uniformly administered empire.
The focus here is on the edicts found in the southern Deccan; a region whose
actual relationship with the northern-based Mauryas is little understood but an area
that is often assumed to have been incorporated into their empire. This interpretation
is primarily supported by the presence of eleven rock edicts in the modern-day
states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. However, a closer look at the context,
content, and composition of the edicts suggests that the relationship of this region to
the Mauryan polity is not necessarily as clear-cut as previously believed. A structural
loosening of the epistemological definition of empire has re-opened questions of
what this relationship might have looked like and how it can be studied.
A critically refined analysis of the edicts is useful in providing a starting point to
this inquiry, particularly by examining the question of meaning. By adopting the use
of multidisciplinary perspectives, this paper argues that a simultaneous analysis of
archaeological context, historical content, and linguistic composition is a useful
strategy for examining issues of intended meaning and audience through the more
specific problems of visibility, address, and comprehension.
Who Owns the Oil?: The Politics of Ethnicity in the Niger Delta of Nigeria
Authors: Ejobowah John Boye
Published: February 2007

This article evaluates conflicting ownership claims to crude-petroleum resources by the Nigerian State and by ethnic minorities of the Niger Delta. It details the colonial origin of the state's control of oil resources and the political context of the conflict. Using theoretical principles drawn from classical and modern liberals, the article considers the grounds on which each side makes its claims and rejects the sovereignty argument that Nigeria belongs to its entire people and so do the resources within it. Instead it shows that the multiethnic makeup of the country has prompted the adoption of a differentiated political community: the national and sub-national. This requires the sharing of jurisdictional rights within the country that will also include rights to mineral resources.
Interpreting Language and Cultural Discourse: Internet Communication among Burundians in the Diaspora
Authors: Kadende-Kaiser Rose M.
Published: February 2007

This study contributes to current research on computer-mediated communication (CMC), with a particular focus on Burundinet, an internet communication network that is comprised of Burundians in the diaspora and interested non-Burundians. Burundinet discussions about Burundi focus specifically on the civil war that began in 1993 and demonstrate that in spite of the ethnic violence that has hindered direct and peaceful interaction between the Hutu and Tutsi in Burundi, the internet has facilitated productive interaction across vast distances among members of the two groups who now reside in the diaspora.
Back to the Future: Some Unintended Consequences of Zambia's Community-Based Wildlife Program (ADMADE)
Authors: Marks Stuart A.
Published: February 2007

Community-based wildlife programs were implemented widely in southern Africa during the past two decades to attempt to overcome the problems associated with the earlier strict protection policies and to integrate wildlife conservation with human development. Many of these programs now have a history, making it possible to assess their achievements and unresolved problems. A case study from the central Luangwa Valley of Zambia provides indices of cultural and resource trends before and after the implementation of a community-based program and describes its effects.
From Representation to Apotheosis: Nō' s Modern Myth of Okina
Authors: Rath Eric C.
Published: February 2007

Modern discussions of ritual and the origins of the six-hundred-year-old Japanese nō theatre have focused on the enigmatic Okina dance—one of the "three rites," shikisanban , enacted today by performers at the New Year's and other ceremonial occasions. For modern nō actors, Okina is the heart of nō : a living prototype of the ritual theatre nō once supposedly embodied but somehow lost. Yet Okina's very rituality differentiates it from nō . Hence Okina is cited both as an archetype of nō 's past and as a salient point of contrast for defining nō 's artistry today. This article declares this relationship between Okina and nō to be a modern formulation resulting from three factors: a change in religiosity in the early twentieth century, the role of scholars and performers of that era in reclaiming Okina's centrality to nō , and assumptions in the fields of anthropology and folklore studies about the origin of theatre in ritual. The modern conceptualization of Okina functions as an invented tradition engendering authority for nō professionals, particularly the hereditary elite, who compete to lay claim to its mystery, sanctity, and power.
Popular Workers' Shadow Theatre in Thailand
Authors: Dowsey-Magog Paul
Published: February 2007

One of the least-known forms of Southeast Asian shadow puppet theatre, the nang talung of southern Thailand, is part of a long tradition of rural ritual performance. But it now incorporates newly invented stories with contemporary music and technique-creating a vibrant, popular appeal among its regional audience, particularly in urban centers and on television. In this article the author offers a brief introduction to the form and explains how changes in contemporary performance are affected by prevailing restraints.
My Year of Peonies
Authors: Zeitlin Judith T.
Published: February 2007

The year 1998 marked the four hundredth anniversary of Tang Xianzu's a Peony Pavilion . By 1999 three major productions of the play had appeared in Europe, North America, Australia, and Asia. Chinese literature scholar Judith T. Zeitlin is one of the few who saw all three productions. In this article she examines them in terms of their relationship to Tang's original text and to the modern kunqu d performance tradition.
Remembering Zeami: The Kanze School and Its Patriarch
Authors: Rath Eric C.
Published: February 2007

This article examines the history of the reception
and popularization of the achievements of no's founder, Zeami
Motokiyo, as represented by three important actors of the Kanze school:
Kanze Motoakira (d. 1774), Kanze Sakon (d. 1939), and Kanze Hisao
(d. 1978). Eric Rath describes how memories of Zeami helped these
three actors to shape the Kanze school's performance practices and
institutions. He reveals, too, how debate over no's direction and
essence has come to be framed in respect to the person considered to be
its patriarch.
Monomane, Yugen, and Gender in Izutsu and Sotoba Komachi
Authors: Thornton Peter
Published: February 2007

This essay cites instances of transgender performance
in twono plays and analyzes how they deal with issues
of gender. Drawing on Judith Butler's gender theory, it attempts to
understand the status of gender in these plays within Zeami's aesthetic
hierarchy.
Constructing History in Biography: A Symposium on William Osler: A Life in Medicine : Introduction
Authors: Lella Joseph W.
Published: February 2007

William Osler's medical career spanned two centuries and three nations: Canada, the United States, and Great Britain. Though not an especially noted scientist, he was an innovative teacher, a professional organizer, and mentor and colleague to many grateful-indeed, sometimes adoring-students and colleagues, some of whom became influential in the Anglo-Saxon medical world. Since his death, Osler has been the subject of an enormous body of literature, fed by numerous Osler societies throughout the world. Among these is the American Osler Society, upon whose recent review panel this symposium is based. In it, three Oslerians-Philip Teigen, Earl Nation, and Joseph Lella-use Michael Bliss's book as the starting point for reading historical themes in Osler's life from their own standpoints. Bliss responds to these views by stressing the factual underpinnings of his book and by interpreting it, the first major biography of Osler since Cushing, in the context of his other works in the history of medicine as another study of the emergence of "health care as a secular replacement for traditional religious faith in the supernatural."
The Health Care Experiments at Many Farms: The Navajo, Tuberculosis, and the Limits of Modern Medicine, 1952-1962
Authors: Jones David S.
Published: February 2007

In January 1952 a team of medical researchers from Cornell Medical College learned that tuberculosis raged untreated on the Navajo Reservation in Arizona. These researchers, led by Walsh McDermott, recognized a valuable opportunity for medical research, and they began a ten-year project to evaluate the efficacy of new antibiotics and test the power of modern medicine to improve the health conditions of an impoverished rural society. The history of this endeavor exposes a series of tensions at the heart of medical research and practice. Researchers exploited the opportunities made possible by the ill-health of a marginalized population, but did so with the cooperation and gratitude of the Navajo. They introduced new antibiotics that liberated patients from hospitals, but erected an intrusive system of outpatient surveillance. They provided innovative health-care services, but failed to reduce the dominant causes of morbidity and mortality. As every act of treatment became an experiment, they risked undermining the trust on which research and clinical care depended.
Who was Akilaos? A Problem in Medical Historiography
Authors: Irvine Judith T , Temkin Owsei
Published: February 2007

In the years before the conquest of Alexandria
by the Arabs in 642, Alexandrian scholars produced compendia, summaries,
and commentaries on Galen's writings and other works in the Hippocratic
medical tradition. This paper concerns the identities of those Alexandrian
commentatorsâtwo in particular, whose names are reported in Arabic
texts, but about whom little else is knownâand the routes by which
Galenic medicine was transmitted to other parts of the Mediterranean
world after Alexandria's fall. We review debates over the identity of
"Akilaos" and "Anqilaos," and argue that "Akilaos"
is not merely a scribal duplication, as some have supposed. Instead, we
suggest a connection with the city of Aquileia in northern Italy, as a
source for the name "Akilaos" and as a route by which Alexandrian
medical texts reached northern Italy (where their Latin versions
subsequently were associated with a "Ravenna school" of medicine).
Averting Disaster: The Hudson's Bay Company and Smallpox in Western Canada during the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Hackett F. J. Paul (Frederick John Paul)
Published: February 2007

During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the Hudson's Bay Company served as a de facto public health agency across western Canada. Among its biggest challenges was combating the smallpox epidemics that periodically threatened the Aboriginal people of the region. Initially, the Company's employees turned to quarantine over variolation in order to prevent the spread of the disease to Hudson Bay in the summer of 1782. Although well thought-out, ultimately this policy proved unsuccessful. Within thirty years the HBC had turned to the newly discovered vaccination, a strategy that was to prove far more effective in fighting the disease. By the late 1830s the Company was able to mount an effective vaccination campaign that covered much of western Canada.