Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches
Authors: Welsh Joshua A. , Goberdhan Deborah C. I. , O'Driscoll Lorraine , Buzas Edit I. , Blenkiron Cherie , Bussolati Benedetta , Cai Houjian , Di Vizio Dolores , Driedonks Tom A. P. , Erdbrügger Uta , Falcon‐Perez Juan M. , Fu Qing‐Ling , Hill Andrew F. , Lenassi Metka , Lim Sai Kiang , Mahoney Mỹ G. , Mohanty Sujata , Möller Andreas , Nieuwland Rienk , Ochiya Takahiro , Sahoo Susmita , Torrecilhas Ana C. , Zheng Lei , Zijlstra Andries , Abuelreich Sarah , Bagabas Reem , Bergese Paolo , Bridges Esther M. , Brucale Marco , Burger Dylan , Carney Randy P. , Cocucci Emanuele , Crescitelli Rossella , Hanser Edveena , Harris Adrian L. , Haughey Norman J. , Hendrix An , Ivanov Alexander R. , Jovanovic‐Talisman Tijana , Kruh‐Garcia Nicole A. , Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino Vroniqa , Kyburz Diego , Lässer Cecilia , Lennon Kathleen M. , Lötvall Jan , Maddox Adam L. , Martens‐Uzunova Elena S. , Mizenko Rachel R. , Newman Lauren A. , Ridolfi Andrea , Rohde Eva , Rojalin Tatu , Rowland Andrew , Saftics Andras , Sandau Ursula S. , Saugstad Julie A. , Shekari Faezeh , Swift Simon , Ter‐Ovanesyan Dmitry , Tosar Juan P. , Useckaite Zivile , Valle Francesco , Varga Zoltan , van der Pol Edwin , van Herwijnen Martijn J. C. , Wauben Marca H. M. , Wehman Ann M. , Williams Sarah , Zendrini Andrea , Zimmerman Alan J. ,   MISEV Consortium, Théry Clotilde , Witwer Kenneth W. 
Published: February 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year‐on‐year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non‐vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its ‘Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles’, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.