bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Youth Strategies in the Face of Climate and Educational Vulnerability
Authors: Roa González Iliana Viridiana
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The study analyzed the risk and vulnerability in the educational trajectory of indigenous youth as they progressed to postgraduate studies. It focused on students from Intercultural Universities and assessed the social, economic, and cultural conditions that influenced their academic development. The research explored the accumulation of disadvantages throughout their education and how transversal factors such as gender, age, and ethnicity impacted their access to and retention in higher education.Development: The analysis was based on semi-structured interviews with postgraduate students from various public universities in Mexico City. It was identified that educational vulnerability was not only a result of structural conditions but also of material and symbolic inequalities. The study examined educational segmentation and the creation of Intercultural Universities as a governmental strategy to include marginalized populations, although it also revealed that these institutions perpetuated institutional differences. Additionally, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was addressed, which amplified inequalities and forced indigenous students to develop strategies to cope with distance education, such as using community networks and strengthening digital literacy.Conclusion: The study concluded that the educational vulnerability of indigenous youth was exacerbated by the pandemic, highlighting structural inequality in access to education. However, it emphasized their resilience and the strategies they implemented to mitigate adverse effects. The denaturalization of disasters helped understand the intersection of social, economic, and political factors in the education of vulnerable populations.
Understanding Cesarean Section Utilization Patterns and Outcomes in Level III Obstetric Facilities: A Robson Classification-Based Narrative Review in Kazakhstan
Authors: Altayeva Assel , Issenova Saule , Saduakassova Shynar , Begniyazova Zhanara , Shukirbayeva Aigerim
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This review aims to explore the application of Robson’s classification of CS at level III obstetric institutions in Kazakhstan.Methods: A comprehensive search of multiple online databases, including the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, was conducted. A qualitative study of previously published studies was also conducted. Results:  A systematic search identified 37 relevant articles for review. Analysis of caesarean section rates using Robson's classification showed group 5 (women with a history of caesarean section) had the highest rates. At the same time, groups 6 and 7 (breech presentation) also had elevated rates due to complications. The highest contributors were groups 5, 2, 10 and 1 in a level III obstetric facility.Conclusion: The application of Robson's classification system in Kazakhstan's obstetric population revealed varying cesarean section rates, particularly among women with previous cesarean sections and breech presentations.
The Application and challenges of virtual reality technology on modern visual communication design
Authors: Mao Jun
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) technology is transforming visual communication design by providing immersive experiences that enhance the production and presentation of visual content. This study explores the application of VR in this field, emphasizing its transformative potential while addressing associated challenges.
Methods: We utilized the Golden Eagle Optimized Flexible Bayesian Neural Network (GEO-FBNN) to predict feature distributions, such as element position and color, under specific VR conditions. A dataset comprising high-quality design elements, real-time user interaction patterns, and VR system data was pre-processed for consistency, through min-max normalization and data cleaning. Experiments were conducted using Python 3.8 on Windows 10, ensuring compatibility with VR hardware.
Results: The implementation of a deep learning approach significantly improved the real-time processing capabilities of VR systems. It established connections between visual frames, revealing insights that enhance design accuracy and responsiveness. The findings suggest that deep learning effectively mitigates challenges in VR integration, including motion sickness and navigation ease.
Conclusions: This research provides a comprehensive overview of how deep learning can address the obstacles to incorporating VR in visual communication design. The results indicate not only a reduction in technical challenges but also an increase in creative opportunities, paving the way for a more integrated future of design in virtual environments.
Innovations in Public Administration and Management for Implementing Effective Strategies and Tools
Authors: Bobro Natalia , Bielikov Volodymyr , Matveyeva Maryana , Salamakha Arsen , Kharchun Volodymyr
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The current global dynamics and the European integration course of Ukraine's development transform the requirements for forming a public administration paradigm. At the same time, the transfer of innovations is seen as a key element in ensuring the efficiency of the management system and complementarity with the requirements of modern society. Methods: Publications indexed in leading scientific databases were utilised. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for publications were based on spatial-temporal indicators and the level of information reliability. Among the methods used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies was the brainstorming method. Additionally, general scientific methods were employed.Results: It identifies the main directions of innovative development of public administration systems in the European community. The emphasis is placed on the functionality of digitalisation tools and information and communication technologies that automate a significant part of public administration processes and improve public service quality. Several economic indicators representing the tendency to increase efficiency are presented. A comparative analysis of the indicators of e-government development in different countries and the global context is carried out. Practical concepts and practical tools for integrating innovations into public administration in the context of sustainable development are substantiated. Conclusions: The study proves that e-governance, analytical tools, artificial intelligence, digital interaction platforms, and geographic information systems allow today to implement successful concepts of public-private partnerships and increase the efficiency of public administration. The concepts of transparency, adaptability and innovation are complementary to the requirements of society and allow for addressing the complex challenges of our time.
Quality management and marketing for the development of international markets - case of the Agro Tem. Corp company and regulations
Authors: Moncayo Sánchez Yolanda Patricia , Recalde Rodríguez María Fernanda , Perugachi Cahueñas Nelly Patricia , Sandoval Escobar Katherine Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Quality management and marketing are essential elements for the development of international markets, especially for companies such as Agro Tem. Corp., which operates in the agro-industrial sector. This approach includes the adoption of quality standards that not only satisfy local regulations, but also meet international demands, through strategies that promote the export of food products and their derivatives. To carry out this research, surveys and interviews were conducted in order to obtain additional information for further analysis. Both a digital and in-person approach were used, applying scientific, analytical, deductive, inductive and bibliographic methods, in addition to techniques such as direct market observation. The results obtained have made it possible to outline a consumer profile that identifies the products with the greatest acceptance and those with unsatisfied demand. It has been observed that the local population is willing to accept imported products, as long as they comply with health and quality standards, as well as with the health parameters required by the safety protocols established by federal regulations in the United States. It is therefore crucial to develop strategies to boost this sector. The decision was made to design an export plan consisting of four phases, covering everything from the departure of the company's products to their arrival at the final consumer. This approach facilitates the formulation of strategies that integrate product standardisation and the satisfaction of the needs of this market.
The Contemporary Expression of Chinese Dai Ethnic Dance
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Rattanachaiwong Nataporn
Published: February 2025

Objective: This paper aims to explore the inheritance and innovation of Dai dance in the context of the new era, particularly through the analysis of its performance practices in specific spatiotemporal fields using Pierre Bourdieu's field theory. The study investigates how Dai dance navigates the challenges it faces in the modern cultural context.Method: The paper applies Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory as the analytical framework, employing literature review and cultural analysis to systematically explore the cultural characteristics, artistic expression, and construction of cultural identity within Dai dance. Furthermore, the study considers the changes in audience demand, highlighting how the dance balances traditional techniques with contemporary innovation.Results: The study finds that Dai dance faces multiple challenges in the new cultural environment, including a gap in the transmission of traditional skills and the diversification of modern audience demands. However, Dai dance has managed to find a balance between tradition and innovation, preserving its cultural essence while revitalizing through new performance forms and stage designs. This balance has allowed Dai dance to thrive in the process of modernization and gain broader recognition in the context of globalization.Conclusions: The protection and development of Dai dance should focus on preserving traditional skills while introducing modern innovation. Through the promotion of the cultural industry, the global dissemination of Dai dance can be enhanced, fostering greater recognition and identity on the global stage, and contributing to the strengthening of national confidence and cultural awareness.
Challenges of Anthropocentrism in Wartime: A Legal and Normative Perspective
Authors: Riabykh Nataliia , Kuzenko Uliana , Humeniuk Tetiana , Chuienko Valentyna , Bezushko Andrii
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The topic is relevant due to the growing scale of armed conflicts and human rights violations, which endangers civilians and international security. In this context, the ideology of human-centredness, the basis for ensuring human rights and freedoms, is critical to protecting human rights during war and the stability of post-war reconstruction.Objective: This research article aims to systematise the mechanisms of human rights protection in times of war based on the concept of human centrism, analyse the existing mechanisms of human rights protection, and assess the threat to civilians in the context of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine.Methods: The article uses several general scientific research methods, including synthesis, induction, deduction, comparative analysis, systematisation, and generalisation. To conduct the study, the author analysed the scientific literature and used statistical analysis to generate initial data for further forecasting the dynamics of war crimes and conducting a risk assessment for the civilian population using the statistical software Excel.Results: As a result of the study, the number of episodes of Russia's war crimes against humanity was calculated by regions of Ukraine, which allowed us to make assumptions about the future threat to these regions' populations and human rights. According to the calculations, in 2024 (baseline), the threat level is 31.4%, and in 2025 (planned), the threat level will decrease by 8.65% due to comprehensive government and military measures to prevent Russian aggression and protect civilians.Conclusions: The study identified the primary mechanisms for the protection of human rights in times of war based on the principles of human centrism, including condemnation of aggression as an act of violation of international law and violation of fundamental human rights, bringing the aggressor to justice and, if necessary, initiating an international search for persons involved in the escalation of the conflict; allowing the use of force against the aggressor state to protect the lives and fundamental rights of civilians and neutralise military threats.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Collaborative Teaching Strategies: A Case Study in Smart Classrooms
Authors: Abbood Khalid Obayas , Faleih Waleed Ali , Hodood Maher Neamah
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to explore multiple possibilities for applying collaborative learning methodologies in smart classrooms through the use of artificial intelligence. AI technologies allow educators to increase student interest, promote teamwork, and individualize learning for each learner. In this case study, the focus will be placed on AI technologies, including virtual assistants, real-time data analytics, and adaptive learning platforms, to enhance collaborative learning processes. The study shows that collaborative teaching implemented with the assistance of artificial intelligence enhances the performance of students as they are capable of understanding the content thoroughly and addressing the shortcomings of conventional learning methods. Consideration is also given to the various strategies that may be adopted when it comes to the implementation of artificial intelligence in cooperative learning contexts.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF WILD AND CULTIVATED Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. ACCESSIONS ANALYZED USING THIRTY MORPHO-AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERS
Authors: Sathyanarayana N. , Mahesh S. , Jaheer Mahammad , Leelambika M.
Published: February 2025

Genetic diversity and relatedness among 31 wild and 9 cultivated Mucuna pruriens accessions collected from diverse eco-climatic regions in India were evaluated using 30 morpho-agronomical characters. The experiments were carried by growing the plants in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in four replications for two seasons. The results of PCA for 22 quantitative and 8 qualitative characters indicated that the first two PCs together explained 65.18% and 67.50% of the total variation respectively, which were drawn across a range of traits. Cluster analysis demonstrated on the whole high morphological diversity (63.05%) amongst wild and cultivated accessions and low diversity (36.95%) within cultivated accessions. Analysis of six yield traits based on LSD5% values revealed distinct genotypes under each category which are of potential value in breeding programs. Low morphological diversity within cultivated accessions emphasizes the need for expanding its genetic base in India.
PRELIMINARY COMPOSITIONAL NUTRIENT DIAGNOSIS NORMS AND CORRELATIONS AMONG NUTRIENTS AND YIELD IN PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Arroyo-Vargas Leopoldo , Volke Haller Victor H. , Tirado-Torres Juan Luis , Valdez-Cepeda Ricardo David
Published: February 2025

Pepper is one of the most important crops in Mexico. It is known that healthy plants may resist in a better way to pests and diseases. Thus, balanced nutrient quantity must be provided to the plants. In this context, it is important to account with nutrient norms and to be able to perform correct nutrient diagnosis. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) standards and to identify important correlations between nutrients and between nutrients and yield. Thus, one experiment under greenhouse conditions was carried out taking into account three concentration levels of the Steiner nutrient solution. Fruit fresh matter was considered as yield when three cuts were performed. Tissues (mature leaves) from plants were sampled to quantify nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Mn) concentrations. CND norms were computed using such a database. Pearson correlations were computed in order to identify those significant. Row–centered log ratios (CND norms, mean ± 1 standard deviation) for d = 8 nutrients under the basis of high–yield subpopulation (n = 19, yield > 1333.33 g Plant–1) are: = 2.51 ± 0.17, = 0.09 ± 0.14, = 2.57 ± 0.25, = 1.66 ± 0.16, = 0.56 ± 0.13, = –3.76 ± 0.11, = –5.96 ± 0.25, = –3.13 ± 0.14 y = 5.46 ± 0.12. And their corresponding sufficiency ranges (mean ± 1 standard deviation, g Kg–1) are: 45.88 ± 6.64 for N, 4.16 ± 0.96 for P, 49.69 ± 12.2 for K, 19.98 ± 4.65 for Ca, 6.59 ± 1.21 for Mg, 0.09 ± 0.01 fore Fe, 0.01 ± 0.003 for Cu and 0.16 ± 0.04 fore Mn. Yield depended significantly (p≤0.05) on P concentration, in a negative way. However, it appears N was the most limitating nutrient under greenhouse conditions. Optimum N concentration was at a different level when compared with that of the same species grown under field conditions.
MAÍZ EN ASOCIACIÓN Y ROTACIÓN CON FABÁCEAS EN SUELOS ÁCIDOS DE LA SABANA DE HUIMANGUILLO, TABASCO, MEXICO
Authors: Cordova Sanchez Samuel , Cárdena-Navarro Raul , Peña-Cabriales J.J. , Salgado-Garci­a S. , Castelan-Estrada M. , Lobbit-Phillipe C.
Published: February 2025

Associating crops is an alternative to improving the fertility of acid soils in the humid tropics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in rotation and in association with Fabaceae in acid soils of savanna. The treatments were established with a design of a randomized complete block, with four replicates. The variables evaluated in maize were dry matter, grain yield and total nitrogen; in the Fabaceae were fresh matter, dry matter, nodules, total nitrogen and fixed nitrogen. Results show that four genotypes of maize in association had higher grain yield, dry matter and total nitrogen, in relation to control. Maize associated with C. cajan showed higher dry matter production of plant, maize husk and total dry matter. Corn HQ4-C had higher dry matter content, grain and total nitrogen. The native maize had the highest dry matter production. Moreover, the Fabaceae in association presented the highest values in all variables respect to controls not associated. In the maize variety S03 the Fabaceae had the highest number of nodules, total nitrogen and fixed nitrogen.
FREE RANGE AND DEEP LITTER HOUSING SYSTEMS: EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD PROFILE OF TWO STRAINS OF COCKEREL CHICKENS
Authors: Olaniyi Olagoke Ayobami , Oyenaiya Olushola Ann , Sogunle Olajide Mark , Akinola Olufemi Sunday , Adeyemi Olajide A , Ladokun Abimbola O
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to determine the performance and blood profile of one hundred and fifty cockerel chickens each of Harco Black and Novogen strains raised on deep litter and free range production systems. Each production system was allotted 150 chicks in three replications of 25 chicks per strain. The birds on deep litter production system were fed ad libitum while each of the birds on free range was fed 50 % of its daily feed requirement. The birds were weighed weekly. Blood plasma and serum were collected at the 4th and 12th weeks for laboratory analyses. Data generated were subjected to analysis of variance in a 2Ã—2 factorial arrangement. Novogen strain consumed less feed (P<0.05) on free range and had the best feed: gain (2.72 Â± 0.14). At the 4th week, strain significantly (P<0.05) affected the packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cell count, serum total protein, serum albumin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and was evident at the 12th week. In conclusion, Novogen strain should be raised on free range for a better performance in terms of feed: gain but in the blood profile, the two strains of birds could be managed in any of the production systems.
DETERMINANTS OF THE ADOPTION OF SMALL RUMINANT RELATED TECHNOLOGIES IN THE HIGHLANDS OF ETHIOPIA
Authors: Legesse Getahun , Siegmund-Schultze Marianna , Abebe Girma , Valle ZÃ¡rate Anne
Published: February 2025

This paper takes up the case of two market-sheds in the southern Ethiopian highlands (namely Adilo and Kofele) to examine the factors affecting the adoption of small ruminant related technologies in mixed-farming systems. A survey was conducted using semi-structured questionnaires with 155 randomly selected small ruminant keepers between May and June 2006. Farmers in each site initiated new practices like small ruminant fattening and managing a household ‘veterinary kit’. Logistic regression analysis revealed that size of land and livestock holdings significantly affected the adoption of small ruminant technologies in both study sites. Farmer variables such as gender, literacy, age and family size appeared to influence adoption only in one location. In the densely populated area, Adilo, the adoption of more intensive feeding technology of commercial concentrates decreased with increasing farm size only up to a point. Younger farmers, female farmers and literate household heads were more likely to adopt the utilization of commercial concentrates. In relatively resource rich Kofele, treating small ruminants via the household veterinary kit increased with number of livestock, however with farm size only up to the point at which it reached a maximum. The present study showed that location or production system remarkably affects the options of interventions and determines their adoption.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION, AND DIGESTIBILITY OF SELECTED BROWSE SPECIES BY BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis L.) AT A SEMI-DECIDUOUS FOREST IN VENEZUELA
Authors: Ojeda Alvaro Jose , Canelones Carlos , Muñoz Doriam , Gil Jose Luis
Published: February 2025

To determine the chemical composition and nutritive value of selected browse species by buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis L.) in a silvopastoral system at a semi-deciduous tropical forest (SDTF), epidermal fragments in fecal samples from 14 males of Murrah breed were evaluated. The animals grazed for 91 days in 85 ha located in Portuguesa State, Venezuela, of which 35 ha corresponded to natural grass pastures (969.3 Â± 28.6 kg DM ha-1), and the rest to SDTF with 463 plant ha-1. Eleven botanical families and 22 species were identified, 40.9% belonged to the Fabaceae family. The specie Guazuma ulmifolia (Sterculiaceae) had the highest relative dominancy (60.4%) and an Importance Value Index of 162.6. 60.4% of epidermal fragments corresponded to herbaceous Poaceae, and the rest was distributed among five different species, with the highest occurrence (94.6%) for Samanea saman and Sida acuta. There were differences (P<0.05) among selected species in the proximal composition (40.9 Â± 7.1% dry matter, 16.0 Â± 4.1% crude protein and 2.9 Â± 1.2% ether extract), neutral detergent fiber (41.6 Â± 2.2%), acid detergent fiber (25.9 Â± 3.8%), minerals (1.6 Â± 0.59% Ca and 0.1 Â± 0.02% P), condensed tannins (0.9 Â± 0.7%), potential gas production (67.8 Â± 37.3 ml g-1 DM), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (54.2 Â± 8.0%). In general, the edible fraction of selected browse species evaluated here was similar to other tropical browse forages and confirms the strategic value of this biomass in buffalo nutrition at silvopastoral system. Furthermore, these browse species could be employed in agroforestry systems to achieve a better integration of livestock production in tropical areas.
STANDING HERBAGE BIOMASS UNDER DIFFERENT TREE SPECIES DISPERSED IN PASTURES OF CATTLE FARMS
Authors: Esquivel-Mimenza Humberto , Ibrahim M. , Harvey C.A. , Benjamin T. , Sinclair F.L.
Published: February 2025

The study conducted in a tropical dry ecosystem at Cañas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica (10o 11´ N and 84o15´W) measure the standing herbage biomass (SHB) availability and quality under six isolated tree species of different canopy architecture dispersed in active Brachiaria brizantha pastures and compare it to that growing at full sun light. Standing herbage biomass (HB) harvesting and Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) readings were taken at three different periods in a paired sample scheme. Of the six tree species studied, Enterolobium cyclocarpum had the largest mean crown cover while Acrocomia aculeata had the smallest. Significant differences were observed between species (P = 0.0002) and seasons (P<0.008) for the percentage of PAR transmitted under the canopy but PAR levels obtained under all species were consistent throughout seasons since the interaction between species and season was not significantly different (P=0.98). Lower PAR readings (<50%) were taken under the canopies E. cyclocarpum and Guazuma ulmifolia (21.7 and 33.7 % respectively). Standing herbage biomass (SHB) harvested under the crown of isolated mature individual tree species was significantly lower (P<0.001) than in open pasture areas for all tree species except that of A. aculeate but SHB crude protein content, was higher underneath all tree canopies. It can conclude that light reduction caused by tree canopies reduces SHB availability and increases the quality underneath tree canopies compared to areas of full sun but these varies accordingly to tree species and seasons.
Role of Internal Audit on the Effectiveness of the Internal Control System at KSP Kopdit Pintu Air
Authors: Yonivasius Siga  , Henrikus Herdi  , Yosefina Andia Dekrita
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the role of internal audit on the effectiveness of the internal control system at KSP Kopdit Pintu Air. In this study, the author uses a qualitative descriptive type of research. The resource persons in this study are employees in the internal control system section of KSP Kopdit Pintu Air and also from the cooperative supervisory element. The results of the study show that the internal audit of KSP Kopdit Pintu Air has carried out its role by the steps to implement the audit in ISO 9001, namely conducting audit planning, audit process, reporting audit results, and follow-up on audit results. In carrying out the audit process, several aspects are the main focus of the internal audit of KSP Kopdit Pintu Air, including aspects of governance, risk profile, financial performance, and capital.
Robust Regression Estimation: A Doubly Weighted M-Estimation Approach with Generalized Jackknife Resampling
Authors: Adjekukor A. J. , Aronu C. O.
Published: February 2025

Robust regression estimation is crucial in addressing the influence of outliers and model misspecification in statistical modelling. This study proposes a Doubly Weighted M-Estimation (DWME) approach, integrating an adaptive weighting scheme with Generalized Jackknife Resampling (GJR) to enhance efficiency and robustness in parameter estimation. The DWME method incorporates case-specific and parameter-specific weighting functions, ensuring resistance against leverage points and heavy-tailed distributions. By leveraging GJR, the proposed estimator achieves reduced bias and variance while maintaining asymptotic efficiency under mild regularity conditions. Empirical analyses demonstrate that DWME outperforms traditional M-estimators, Least Absolute Deviation (LAD), and Huber regression in terms of robustness, efficiency, and predictive accuracy. The proposed methodology offers a reliable alternative for robust estimation in heteroscedastic, non-normal, and contaminated datasets, making it particularly valuable for econometric and high-dimensional applications.
University Campuses as Urban Biodiversity Reservoirs: A Comprehensive Study of Faunal Diversity in University of Rajasthan
Authors: Charan Santosh Kumar , Sharma Priyanka , Singh Amitesh , Gunsaria Simran , Meena Vikas Kumar
Published: February 2025

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of faunal diversity on the University of Rajasthan campus, a critical green space in the rapidly urbanizing city of Jaipur, India. Through systematic observational surveys conducted over the year 2024, we identified 109 species across 3 phyla, 5 classes, 29 order and 74 families, with Arthropoda dominating (73.5%), followed by Chordata (24.8%) and Annelida (1.8%). The high diversity of arthropods, particularly pollinators like bees, underscores their ecological importance in maintaining ecosystem functions such as pollination and nutrient cycling. The presence of diverse bird and mammal species further highlights the campus's role as a biodiversity refuge in an urban landscape. These findings emphasize the ecological significance of university campuses as microcosms of urban biodiversity and provide a baseline for future conservation efforts. This study not only contributes to the understanding of urban ecosystems but also offers actionable insights for integrating biodiversity conservation into urban planning, ensuring the resilience of ecosystems in the face of increasing urbanization.
Addressing the Challenges Faced by International Medical Graduates in the UK: A Call for Action
Authors: Omar Mahroq
Published: February 2025

I am writing to highlight the significant challenges faced by International Medical Graduates (IMGs) in the UK, as evidenced by recent studies, and to propose actionable solutions to support their integration into the National Health Service (NHS). IMGs constitute approximately 25% of the UK medical workforce, yet they face numerous barriers that hinder their professional and personal well-being. These challenges, if unaddressed, risk exacerbating the ongoing workforce crisis in the NHS.
The Shifts in the Concept of Agreement in Contracts
Authors: Januar Inri
Published: February 2025

Agreement is fundamental in contract law, as it forms the basis for establishing legal commitments between parties. However, developments in contract law have shown that merely agreeing on terms at the time of contract formation is insufficient to address actions or situations that arise later. This research examines three Constitutional Court decisions that have redefined the interpretation of agreement in contract law: Constitutional Court Decision Number 83/PUU-XXII/2024 (January 3, 2025), Constitutional Court Decision Number 21/PUU-XVIII/2020 (June 15, 2020), and Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 (November 25, 2019). The objective of this research is to analyze how these rulings influence the understanding of agreement in contract law. Using a normative juridical research method, the research focuses on court decisions, statutory regulations, and contracts as binding legal instruments. The research employs statutory, conceptual, and case analysis approaches. The findings highlight two key aspects of agreement in contract law: first, the explicit agreement forming the legal foundation of a contract, and second, the importance of agreement when one party seeks to challenge or annul a contract. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse in contract law by demonstrating that agreement is not only essential for contract formation but also vital for dispute resolution and contract termination. The evolving interpretation of agreement in Constitutional Court rulings reflects the dynamic nature of contract law and its ability to adapt to contemporary legal challenges.
GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG BAHAYA NARKOBA DI SMP KRISTEN IMMANUEL
Authors: Lyana Arsianti  , Nor Aisah  , Ike Gunawarsiah
Published: February 2025

Drugs or drug is a material / substance / dangerous drug, drug effects when consumed in small doses several lead someone into hallucinations that made sleep and unconsciousness. Knowledge Immanuel Christian teenagers in junior class VII is indispensable in knowing the dangers of drugs. By increasing students' knowledge, the risk will be reduced dealt drugs. Purpose: For an overview of age, gender, level of knowledge of adolescents about the dangers of drugs in immanuel Christian Junior High seventh grade. Methods: The method used is a descriptive study conducted at Immanuel Christian Smp class VII. The sample used by 45 respondents. The tools used in this research is data collection questionnaire. Analysis of the data used in this study is Univeriate. Results: Based on the research results indicate that as many as 11 to 12 years Adolescents Adolescents (24.4%), 13 years as many as 12 youth (26.7%), age 19 Youth 14 Youth (42.2%), and Youth 15 total 3 Teens (6.7%). Based on the analysis the researchers showed that as many as 20 male youth (44.4%) and women as much as 25 youth (55.6%). Based on the research level respondents extensive knowledge High Youth as many as 31 (68.89%), adolescents knowledgeable that as many as 10 youth (22.22%), as well as adolescents who are knowledgeable lower by 4 teenagers (8.89%). Conclusion: From these results it can be concluded that the majority of adolescent knowledge level about the dangers of drugs at very high immanul Christian junior class VII, as many as 42 respondents (93.33%).
EFEKTIVITAS SENAM YOGA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF LANSIA
Authors: Yestiani Norita Joni  , Safitri Safitri
Published: February 2025

Entering old age, self-awareness is needed to maintain health status in order to avoid illness or health problems. One disease that often occurs in the elderly is a disorder of cognitive change. Cognitive disorders in the elderly are usually called dementia (senility), if the elderly experience symptoms such as disturbances such as attention (attention), memory, (memory), place and time orientation, construction and execution capabilities (such as making decisions, solving problems) signs of awareness it has occurred or without any disturbance of consciousness. At present, the management of cognitive change is nonpharmacology. One of the nonpharmacological procedures is doing yoga exercises for the elderly. Doing yoga exercises is one of the therapies that can improve cognitive functioning, and stress so that cognitive functions experience relaxation making an increase in cognitive change in the elderly. This study aims to determine the effect of yoga gymnastics on cognitive change in the elderly at the Social Institution of Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 4 Cengkareng, West Jakarta. This type of quantitative research uses non-probability samples one-group pre-post test design without control. The sampling technique is using a total sampling technique of 20 respondents. The intervention is as much as 3 days. Analysis of the data used is univariate and bivariate analysis with wilcoxon. This study shows that there is a p value = 0,000 <p = 0.05. Which means that there is an influence of yoga gymnastics on cognitive changes in the elderly
Learner Experience Evaluation: a Feasibility Study and a Benchmark
Authors: Dos Santos Gabriela Corbari , Silva Deivid Eive dos S. , Valentim Natasha M. C.
Published: February 2025

Learner eXperience (LX) is a concept derived from User eXperience (UX) and it can be defined as the perceptions, answers, and performances of learners interacting with Digital Communication and Information Technologies (DICTs). Evaluating the LX to obtain experiences that support and facilitate learning and knowledge mastery is important. Thus, we developed the LEEM to assess and improve the learner's experience using DICTs during learning. The LEEM is a generic evaluation model and can be used for any level of education; it can be used independently of the discipline and used with any educational technology. Therefore, this article presents a feasibility study to evaluate the LEEM steps and sentences from the perspective of potential users. Nineteen teachers from different levels of education participated in this study. The study results were analyzed and generated in a new version of LEEM. The results showed positive points of LEEM, such as a practical, objective, easy-to-use, and useful model. In addition, opportunities for improving some items and sentences of LEEM were obtained. The teachers also suggested adding a description at the ends of the scales to facilitate the response to the items. This study contributes to creating a body of knowledge about LEEM and analyzing its use, feasibility, and evolution. Moreover, realizing the lack of content and synthesized characteristics about the technology that evaluates the LX, we carried out a benchmark on the LX evaluation technologies identified from a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) to compare them with LEEM, in addition to presenting important characteristics to be analyzed in these types of technology, such as the elements and types of LX assessment and whether there is tool support for this assessment.
Markets Don't Fail!
Authors: Simpson Brian P.
Published: February 2025

In all of the contemporary economics textbooks that have been written there is typically at least one chapter that addresses 'market failure.' Markets Don't Fail! is a response to what author Brian Simpson sees as a fundamental error in the thinking of some economists. The chapter titles of this book are crafted against the premises of 'market failure' arguments, and a significant portion of this book focuses on exposing the invalid premises upon which the claims of market failure are based and providing a proper basis upon which to judge the free market. The material in this book provides a strong antidote to the arguments typically presented in contemporary economics textbooks. Through example and argument, Brian Simpson shows that the claims against the free market are not true. In fact, he demonstrates how free markets succeed, how they raise the standard of living of all individuals who live within them, and how free markets allow human life to flourish. However, the book goes much deeper than economics by providing a moral and epistemological defense of the free market. Markets Don't Fail! gets to the fundamental, philosophical reasons why the claims of market failure are false and why markets actually succeed. Through an integration of economics and philosophy Simpson is able to provide a comprehensive, rigorous, and logically consistent defense of the free market. The specific topics covered in the book include monopoly, antitrust laws and predatory pricing, 'externalities,' the regulation of safety and quality, environmentalism, economic inequality, 'public goods,' and asymmetric information. This book is an invaluable tool for anyone who wants to gain a sound understanding of the free market.
Unsettling Sikh and Muslim Conflict
Authors: Sian Katy P.
Published: February 2025

This book provides a critical investigation into Sikh and Muslim conflict in the postcolonial setting. Being Sikh in a diasporic context creates challenges that require complex negotiations between other ethnic minorities as well as the national majority. Unsettling Sikh and Muslim Conflict: Mistaken Identities, Forced Conversions, and Postcolonial Formations maps in theoretically informed and empirically rich detail the trope of Sikh-Muslim antagonism as it circulates throughout the diaspora. While focusing on contemporary manifestations of Sikh-Muslim hostility, the book also draws upon historical examples of such conflict to explore the way in which the past has been mobilized to tell a story about the future of Sikhs. This book uses critical race theory to understand the performance of postcolonial subjectivity in the heart of the metropolis.
Cold Peace
Authors: Smith Jeff M.
Published: February 2025

The twenty-first century is likely to witness Asia’s two largest civilizations, China and India, join the United States in an elite club of global superpowers. By some economic indicators, the two Asian giants are already the second and third largest economies in the world, and they are developing world-class militaries to complement that economic clout. While Beijing and Delhi have spent the past half-century free from armed conflict and enjoy cordial diplomatic relations, elements of rivalry have shadowed the relationship since the two countries went to war in 1962 over their disputed Himalayan border. In the twenty-first century, that rivalry has evolved in unpredictable ways, advancing in some arenas and retreating in the face of growing cooperation in others.

Cold Peace: China–India Rivalry in the Twenty-First Century updates and deepens our understanding of the China–India relationship by unraveling the complex layers of the contemporary China–India rivalry. This book draws from over 100 interviews with subject-matter experts, government officials, and military officers in India, China, and the United States between November 2011 and July 2013. It also benefits from rare and unique field research at the disputed China–India border in Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh; at the contested town of Tawang in the Himalayas; at Dharamsala, the seat of the Tibetan Government in Exile; at the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; and on Hainan Island, which administers China’s South China Sea territories. With 14 chapters dedicated to issue-specific studies, including Threat Perceptions in China-India Relations, the border dispute, Tawang, Tibet, the Dalai Lama succession issue, maritime security, and the role of the United States and Pakistan in Sino–Indian relations, Cold Peace provides a comprehensive examination of the evolution of China–India relations.
Beyond Accommodation
Authors: Cornell Drucilla
Published: February 2025

This new edition of Drucilla Cornell's highly acclaimed book includes a substantial new introduction by the author, which situates the book within current feminist debates. In Beyond Accommodation, Drucilla Cornell offers a highly original vision of what feminist theory can give contemporary women. She challenges essentialist and naturalist accounts of feminine sexuality, arguing that any attempt to affirm woman's value and difference by either emphasizing her maternal role or repudiating the feminine only entraps women, once again, in a container that curtails feminine sexual difference, legitimates the masculine fantasy of woman, and reinstates, rather than dismantles, the gender hierarchy. In response to these movements, Beyond Accommodation strives to broaden the scope of feminist theory by articulating a platform, under the concept of relative universalism, which proposes the idea that women are not a unified and homogenous group although they are positioned as women in patriarchy. Cornell's theory allows for differences in women's situations without giving up on the idea that women are fighting a common phenomenon called patriarchy.
Building a New China in Cinema
Authors: Pang Laikwan
Published: February 2025

Building a New China in Cinema introduces English readers for the first time to one of the most exciting left-wing cinema traditions in the world. This unique book explores the history, ideology, and aesthetics of China's left-wing cinema movement, a quixotic film culture that was as political as commercial, as militant as sensationalist. Originating in the 1930s, it marked the first systematic intellectual involvement in Chinese cinema. In this era of turmoil and idealism, the movement's films were characterized by fantasies of heroism intertwined with the inescapable spell of impotency, thus exposing the contradictions of the filmmakers' underlying ideology as their political and artistic agendas alternately fought against or catered to the taste and viewing habits of a popular audience. Political cinema became a commercially successful industry, resulting in a film culture that has never been replicated. Drawing on detailed archival research, Pang demonstrates that this cinema movement was a product of the era's social, economic, and political discourses. The author offers a close analysis of many rarely seen films, richly illustrated with over eighty stills collected from the Beijing Film Archive. With its original conceptual approach and rich use of primary sources, this book will be of interest not only to scholars and fans of Chinese cinema but to those who study the relationship between cinema and modernity.
Emerson and Self-Reliance
Authors: Kateb George
Published: February 2025

Ralph Waldo Emerson was a great moral philosopher. One of his principle contributions is the theory of self-reliance, a view of democratic individuality. During much of his life, Emerson was considered a radical thinker, and his opposition to established religious opinion was scandalous. Emerson's deep commitment to individualism was at the root of his critique, and his articulation of individualism was constant, whether aimed against the group mind or against institutional constrictions. 'Nietzsche was Emerson's best reader,' and George Kateb provides an accessible reading of Emerson that is friendly to the interests of Nietzsche and to later Nietzscheans such as Weber, Heidegger, Arendt, and Foucault.
Continuing Perspectives on the Black Diaspora
Authors: Bonnett Aubrey W. , Holder Calvin B.
Published: February 2025

Continuing Perspectives on the Black Diaspora is a response to a 1990 publication that studied the persistence and resilience of black (African) diasporic populations in the Caribbean, Latin America, North America, and the United Kingdom. In that book, the authors used the themes of persistence and resilience to interrogate the social processes and the coping repertoire of these diasporic populations. This volume investigates the often-overlooked African presence in Asia. Researchers sought to determine how many of these diasporic populations have fared in the context of political independence, globalization / economic marginalization, and the presence of ethnic conflict and institutional racism, even with positive class formations and declining significance of race in other geographical areas. Prescriptions for the continued viability of these diasporic populations are provided. India and China are undergoing a global renaissance, emerging as potentially significant economic, political, and cultural actors on the world scene. Meanwhile, ancestral Africa is still socially, politically, and economically fragmented, thereby causing a new migratory 'push' to North America and Europe.
A Handbook of Statistics and Quantitative Analysis for Educational Leadership
Authors: Mulcahy John W. , Gregory Jess L.
Published: February 2025

A Handbook of Statistics and Quantitative Analysis for Educational Leadership is an approachable reference for all levels of educational leadership. The topics are presented with a clarity that makes the mathematics accessible, even if the reader has not had prior training in research methods or statistics. The handbook's refreshing treatment of the material includes concrete examples and questions for discussion that provide educational leaders the tools they need to make data-based decisions. From understanding statistical vocabulary to the choosing of statistical procedures, the topics presented are organized in increasing complexity, providing a solid foundation upon which the next topic may be based. A Handbook of Statistics and Quantitative Analysis is an invaluable reference tool in the pursuit of a masters or doctoral degree.
Runner As Hero
Authors: Kimiecik Jay , Newburg Doug
Published: February 2025

In Runner as Hero, Jay Kimiecik becomes an athlete again_in his case, a masters runner_as a way to revive his life. Kimiecik explores the world of aging, training, and performing through a self-experimental, self-reflective lens_ merging science, mythology, and performance psychology. On his heroic journey, Kimiecik talks to aging experts, scientists, top-performing athletes, and the ghost of legendary Steve Prefontaine. Kimiecik's keen observations of everyday living and irreverent style take him on a journey to find the hero within. The result is a fascinating, inspiring tale about how the life as an athlete can serve as a motivational metaphor for feeling alive and achieving nearly anything.