bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intent: a comparative study of the private and government university students
Authors: Maharana Narayana , Chaudhury Suman Kalyan
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between educational qualification and entrepreneurial intent (EI) of the students of private and government universities located in the state of Odisha, India.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on the responses of 485 students of selected private and government universities in Odisha, India. A multistage random sampling approach has been adopted to collect the data and was tested for the role of different elements relating to education in explaining EI.

Findings

The findings suggest that the private universities are superior to the government universities in their Quality of Entrepreneurship Education (QEE), students' Exposure to Entrepreneurship Education (EEE) and their EI. Business Management and Commerce students have more inclination toward entrepreneurship compared to the students of professional streams like Law, Pharmacy, Engineering etc. Self-employed parents, EEE and Extra-Curricular Activities (ECA) are the significant determinants of EI among the university students; whereas, Academic Achievement (AA) and Socio-economic Status (SES) do not significantly explain their EI. Finally, gender also plays a vital role where male students show higher EI compared to their female counterparts.

Practical implications

The research provides an understanding of the significance of entrepreneurship education along with ECA in developing EI among government and private university students.

Originality/value

The paper not only empirically presents the major differences between private and government-owned universities while dealing with entrepreneurship development at the university level but also highlights the impact of demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the students on their EI.
Exploring the role of implicit person theory in the relationship between innovative work climate and proactive behaviour at work
Authors: Hendrikx Karolien , Schreurs Bieke , Jansen In de Wal Joost
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of employees’ underlying implicit person theories in the relationship with innovative work climate and proactive behaviour at work. First, the authors study how an employee’s implicit person theory (IPT), or the domain-general implicit belief about the development potential of people’s attributes, relates to learning goal orientation and proactive learning and entrepreneurial behaviour at work. Second, the authors investigate how employees’ perception of their work climate is associated with this IPT.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors set up an exploratory study relying on survey data from a sample of 498 professionally active Flemish adults and analysed a correlational path through SEM.

Findings

The authors found that holding an incremental IPT (i.e. believing in the development potential of people’s attributes) positively relates to proactive learning and entrepreneurial behaviour. Moreover, the authors found that employees working in an innovative work climate are more likely to hold an incremental IPT.

Originality/value

This study offers indications that IPT is a relevant explanatory variable in the relationship between innovative work climate on the one hand and learning goal orientation, learning work behaviour and entrepreneurial work behaviour on the other hand. As such, this study suggests that IPT is a promising concept that can be actively endorsed as a relevant underlying psychological process variable for fostering learning and entrepreneurial behaviour in organizations.
The influence of telework and management controls on the congruence of civil servant objectives
Authors: Dos Santos Edicreia Andrade , Sallaberry Jonatas Dutra , Mendes Alcindo Cipriano Argolo
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of telework and management control systems (MCSs) on the congruence of civil servant objectives in the Brazilian justice system.

Design/methodology/approach

To this end, the authors have carried out a survey with 468 employees of the Ministério Público Federal (Federal Public Ministry), whose data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

Among the main results are the perceived efficiency of telework, and the finding that action and personnel controls are positively related to the congruence of objectives. However, the moderating relationship of the MCSs presented individual characteristics. Action controls showed no evidence of moderating the relationship between the perceived efficiency of telework and congruence of objectives. However, personnel controls showed a significant and negative relationship, that is, more intense personnel controls in telework weakened the congruence of individual objectives with those of the organization.

Practical implications

This study contributes to practice by identifying barriers and facilitators in organizational telework programs and also spotting how controls can be planned for their activities.

Originality/value

The authors’ research evaluates the effect of MCSs on the relationship between the perceived efficiency of telework and the congruence of employee objectives, considering that the telework regime is in its initial phase of implementation in public entities, but this has been intensified by the restrictions imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Service innovation in the restaurant sector during COVID-19: digital technologies to reduce customers' risk perception
Authors: Esposito Benedetta , Sessa Maria Rosaria , Sica Daniela , Malandrino Ornella
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This paper investigates the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated service innovation in the restaurant sector. It explores the use of digital technologies (DT) as a safety-empowerment and resilient strategy in the food-service industry during the pandemic. It also investigates the impact of DT on customers' risk perception (CRP) and customers' intention to go to restaurants (CIR) in Italy.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the theory of planned behaviour and perceived risk theory, this study investigates a sample of customers residing in Italy. Multiple regression and mediation analyses are conducted to test the research hypotheses, adapting the logic model developed. Using the bootstrapping technique, this study also explores whether the pandemic has moderated the relationship among several variables adapted from the literature. Robustness tests are also performed to corroborate the analysis.

Findings

The pandemic has accelerated the food-service industry's digital transformation, forcing restauranteurs to implement DT to survive. Findings show that DT support restauranteurs in implementing innovative services that reduce interactions and empower cleanliness among workers and customers, reducing CRP and preserving CIR. Thus, managing risk perception is helping the restaurant sector to recover.

Practical implications

Practical implications are presented for policymakers to catalyse the digital transformation in small- and medium-sized restaurants. The results may also be beneficial for entrepreneurs who can implement innovative service practices in order to reduce interaction and empower cleanliness levels. Moreover, academics can use these results to conduct similar research in other geographical contexts.

Originality/value

The present research represents the first study investigating the relationship between the use of digital technologies and the intentions of customers to go out for dinner during the ongoing pandemic in Italy.
Intra‐genomic rRNA gene variability of Nassellaria and Spumellaria (Rhizaria, Radiolaria) assessed by Sanger, MinION and Illumina sequencing
Authors: Sandin Miguel M. , Romac Sarah , Not Fabrice
Published: May 2022

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are known to be valuable markers for the barcoding of eukaryotic life and its phylogenetic classification at various taxonomic levels. The large‐scale exploration of environmental microbial diversity through metabarcoding approaches has been focused mainly on the V4 and V9 regions of the 18S rRNA gene. The accurate interpretation of such environmental surveys is hampered by technical (e.g. PCR and sequencing errors) and biological biases (e.g. intra‐genomic variability). Here we explored the intra‐genomic diversity of Nassellaria and Spumellaria specimens (Radiolaria) by comparing Sanger sequencing with Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (MinION). Our analysis determined that intra‐genomic variability of Nassellaria and Spumellaria is generally low, yet some Spumellaria specimens showed two different copies of the V4 with <97% similarity. Of the different sequencing methods, Illumina showed the highest number of contaminations (i.e. environmental DNA, cross‐contamination, tag‐jumping), revealed by its high sequencing depth; and MinION showed the highest sequencing rate error (~14%). Yet the long reads produced by MinION (~2900 bp) allowed accurate phylogenetic reconstruction studies. These results highlight the requirement for a careful interpretation of Illumina‐based metabarcoding studies, in particular regarding low abundant amplicons, and open future perspectives towards full‐length rDNA environmental metabarcoding surveys.
A competitive marketplace or an unfair competitor? An analysis of Amazon and its best sellers ranks
Authors: Etumnu Chinonso E.
Published: May 2022

To assess the performance of third‐party sellers relative to Amazon, this study estimates the effect of different sales strategies on Amazon's reported best sellers rank (BSR) of ground coffee in the USA and Canada and red wine in the United Kingdom using a fixed‐effects model. The products are either ‘sold and shipped by Amazon’ (Amazon), ‘sold by the third‐party seller and fulfilled by Amazon’ (FBA), or ‘sold and fulfilled by a third‐party merchant’ (FBM). For each of the grocery products and in all empirical specifications, FBM increases the BSR, reducing the relative sales performance of the product in its category. Specifically, FBM increases the BSR of grocery products by 60% relative to Amazon whereas the effect of FBA on BSR is mostly indistinguishable from the effect of Amazon on BSR. These results suggest that Amazon and FBA mostly perform equivalently, but both sales strategies outperform FBM. However, whether the relatively poor performance of the third‐party (FBM) shippers and sellers is due to unfair competition by Amazon remains an open question.
Environmental and biological correlates of migration phenology of tropical leaf‐litter anurans
Authors: Guedes Jhonny J. M. , Feio Renato N. , Moura Mario R.
Published: May 2022

A plethora of semi‐aquatic species perform seasonal migrations to reproduce, with migration timing often relating to several factors. Human‐induced environmental changes may disrupt the migration phenology of many taxa. Improving our knowledge on drivers of migration phenology helps to elucidate the impacts of climate change upon biodiversity. Herein, we applied circular analyses to investigate how biological and environmental factors affect the migration phenology of leaf litter frogs in an Atlantic forest remnant. We observed the synchronous arrival at ponds of adults Physalaemus, likely due to its short breeding period and opportunistic breeding strategy. Large‐sized females arrived earlier than small‐sized ones at the ponds likely due to their higher movement potential. Temperature, precipitation and photoperiod affected the immigration phenology of females, but not of males. Only photoperiod affected emigration phenology of male Physalaemus. The higher responsiveness of females to environmental cues suggests they migrate when environmental conditions are optimal. Lastly, the emigration phenology of juvenile Physalaemus occurred in ‘bursts’, with precipitation likely triggering departure from ponds. Overall, we showed that sex‐related differences in responses to environmental cues could exacerbate phenological shifts in amphibian migrations due to environmental changes, and potentially impact the mating success of forest‐dependent pond‐breeding species.
Establishment of reference intervals for plasma protein electrophoresis and comparison of biochemical and protein electrophoresis evaluation of albumin in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Jaensch S , Howard JG
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to develop a reference interval for plasma protein electrophoresis for wild free‐roaming central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). This will assist the veterinarian in diagnosing and monitoring diseases in wild and captive animals. The study group consisted of 29 wild central bearded dragons of which 22 were males and 7 were females. The plasma samples were obtained from animals in a previous study and were stored frozen at −20°C for 2–3 years before analysis. Plasma protein electrophoresis was performed on 100 uL of plasma. The data were evaluated for the difference between reproductively active females and pooled males with non‐reproductively active females as well as the difference between biochemical and protein electrophoresis albumin. Biochemical albumin was found to be significantly higher than electrophoresis albumin in all animals, with a mild proportional bias present. Plasma protein electrophoresis identified albumin, α − 1 and 2, β − 1 and 2 and γ fractions. The reproductively active females in this study exhibited results that were distinct from pooled males and non‐reproductively active females. This study provides a reference interval for plasma protein electrophoresis in central bearded dragons that can be used as a tool for health and disease monitoring and diagnosis. The importance of the use of method and sex/season appropriate reference intervals in reptile medicine is confirmed in this study.
A novel risk score for disease control prediction of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Jiang Lijie , Wang Kanghua , Lin Tengjiao , Jiang Yifeng , Gao Wenxiang , Li Cong , Huang Zhaoqi , Chen Chuxin , Nie Zhiyin , Zheng Rui , Sun Yueqi , Shi Jianbo , Lai Yinyan
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To assess the impact of risk factors on the disease control among chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, following 1 year of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), and combining the risk factors to formulate a convenient, visualised prediction model.

Design

A retrospective and nonconcurrent cohort study.

Setting and Participants

A total of 325 patients with CRS from June 2018 to July 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University, the Third Affliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University.

Main Outcomes Measures

Outcomes were time to event measures: the disease control of CRS after surgery 1 year. The presence of nasal polyps, smoking habits, allergic rhinitis (AR), the ratio of tissue eosinophil (TER) and peripheral blood eosinophil count (PBEC) and asthma was assessed. The logistic regression models were used to conduct multivariate and univariate analyses. Asthma, TER, AR, PBEC were also included in the nomogram. The calibration curve and area under curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the forecast performance of the model.

Results

In univariate analyses, most of the covariates had significant associations with the endpoints, except for age, gender and smoking. The nomogram showed the highest accuracy with an AUC of 0.760 (95% CI, 0.688–0.830) in the training cohort.

Conclusions

In this cohort study that included the asthma, AR, TER, PBEC, which had significantly affected the disease control of CRS after surgery. The model provided relatively accurate prediction in the disease control of CRS after FESS and served as a visualised reference for daily diagnosis and treatment.
Model‐based dose selection to inform translational clinical oncology development of WNT974, a first‐in‐class Porcupine inhibitor
Authors: Ji Yan , Huang Pai‐Hsi , Woolfenden Steve , Myers Andrea
Published: May 2022

WNT974 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable first‐in‐class inhibitor of Porcupine, a membrane‐bound O‐acyltransferase required for Wnt secretion, currently under clinical development in oncology. A phase I clinical trial is being conducted in patients with advanced solid tumors. During the dose‐escalation part, various dosing regimens, including once or twice daily continuous and intermittent dosing at a dose range of 5–45 mg WNT974 were studied, however, the protocol‐defined maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not established based on dose‐limiting toxicity. To assist in the selection of the recommended dose for expansion (RDE), a model‐based approach was utilized. It integrated population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling and exposure–response analyses of a target‐inhibition biomarker, skin AXIN2 mRNA expression, and the occurrence of the adverse event, dysgeusia. The target exposure range of WNT974 that would provide a balance between target inhibition and tolerability was estimated based on exposure–response analyses. The dose that was predicted to yield an exposure within the target exposure range was selected as RDE. This model‐based approach integrated PK, biomarker, and safety data to determine the RDE and represented an alternative as opposed to the conventional MTD approach for selecting an optimal biological dose. The strategy can be broadly applied to select doses in early oncology trials and inform translational clinical oncology drug development.
First‐in‐human development of a pharmacodynamic biomarker for PAC1 receptor antagonists using intradermal injections of maxadilan
Authors: Marynissen Heleen , Buntinx Linde , Bamps Dorien , Depre Marleen , Ampe Els , Van Hecken Anne , Gabriel Kristin , Sands Steve , Vargas Gabriel , de Hoon Jan
Published: May 2022

Maxadilan, a potent vasodilator peptide, selectively activates the PAC1 receptor, a promising target for migraine therapy. Therefore, maxadilan has been suggested as a tool to study the pharmacodynamics (PDs) of PAC1 receptor antagonists. The objectives of this first‐in‐human study were to: (1) determine the safety, tolerability, dose response, and time course of the dermal blood flow (DBF) changes after intradermal (i.d.) injections of maxadilan in the human forearm, and (2) assess the inter‐arm and inter‐period reproducibility of this response. This was a single‐center, open‐label study in healthy subjects, comprising three parts: (1) dose–response (n = 25), (2) response duration (n = 10), and (3) reproducibility (n = 15). DBF measurements were performed using laser Doppler imaging (LDI) up to 60 min postinjection, or up to 5 days for the response duration assessments. To assess reproducibility, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and sample sizes were calculated. The i.d. maxadilan (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.9, 3, and 10 ng) produced a well‐tolerated, dose‐dependent increase in DBF, with a half‐maximal effective concentration fitted at 0.0098 ng. The DBF response to 0.9 ng maxadilan was quantifiable with LDI up to 72 h postinjection. The inter‐period reproducibility of the DBF response was better upon 0.9 ng (ICC > 0.6) compared to 0.01 ng (ICC < 0.4) maxadilan. However, irrespective of the study design or maxadilan dose, a sample size of 11 subjects is sufficient to detect a 30% difference in DBF response with 80% power. In conclusion, intradermal maxadilan provides a safe, well‐tolerated, and reproducible PD biomarker for PAC1 receptor antagonists in vivo in humans.
Mesophotic coral ecosystems of French Polynesia are hotspots of alpha and beta generic diversity for scleractinian assemblages
Authors: Pérez‐Rosales Gonzalo , Pichon Michel , Rouzé Héloïse , Villéger Sébastien , Torda Gergely , Bongaerts Pim , Carlot Jérémy ,   Under The Pole Consortium, Parravicini Valeriano , Hédouin Laetitia
Published: May 2022

Aim

Revealing how diversity varies across the depth gradient is key for understanding the role of mesophotic coral ecosystems in the functioning of coral reefs. We quantitatively examined how alpha and beta generic diversity of scleractinian coral assemblages vary across a wide depth gradient for coral reefs.

Location

Sixteen sites in eight islands of three archipelagos in French Polynesia.

Methods

We studied generic diversity patterns of scleractinian corals, as derived from the analysis of photo‐quadrats, across the seafloor from shallow to lower mesophotic depths (6–120 m) and on a wide geographic scale. Our sampling considered quantitative coral cover to explore the patterns of alpha and beta components of diversity across depth and horizontal space.

Results

We show that in French Polynesia, mesophotic coral ecosystems host higher alpha and beta generic diversity than shallow reefs despite decreasing coral cover with depth. The variation of coral genus richness across the depth gradient is mainly driven by a mid‐domain effect with a peak at 40 m depth. At the same time, we found that the differences in coral genera across islands (spatial beta‐diversity) increased steadily along the depth gradient.

Main conclusions

Our findings report the first quantitative results of coral cover and diversity from mesophotic coral ecosystems in French Polynesia and also present one of the few existing studies to examine the broad breadth of the mesophotic depth gradient. We demonstrate that mesophotic depths can host unexpectedly high generic richness of scleractinian coral assemblages. At the same time, we showed that increasing depth increases the differences in generic diversity composition across islands, whereas shallow reefs are similar in between. While a single island could conserve shallow regional biodiversity, mesophotic depths containing the richest diversity require site‐specific measures, suggesting that considering these mesophotic depths in conservation is necessary to maintain regional diversity.
Not all is forgotten: Children's associative matrices for features of a word learning episode
Authors: Knabe Melina L. , Vlach Haley A.
Published: May 2022

Word learning studies traditionally examine the narrow link between words and objects, indifferent to the rich contextual information surrounding objects. This research examined whether children attend to this contextual information and construct an associative matrix of the words, objects, people, and environmental context during word learning. In Experiment 1, preschool‐aged children (age: 3;2–5;11 years) were presented with novel words and objects in an animated storybook. Results revealed that children constructed associations beyond words and objects. Specifically, children attended to and had the strongest associations for features of the environmental context but failed to learn word‐object associations. Experiment 2 demonstrated that children (age: 3;0–5;8 years) leveraged strong associations for the person and environmental context to support word‐object mapping. This work demonstrates that children are especially sensitive to the word learning context and use associative matrices to support word mapping. Indeed, this research suggests associative matrices of the environment may be foundational for children's vocabulary development.
The categorical definitions of developmental disorders: Going beyond current models
Authors: Park Seon‐Cheol
Published: May 2022

This commentary is on the invited review by Werkhoven et al. on pages 944–949 of this issue.
Management of type 1 diabetes in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Comparative health system assessments in Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Peru and Tanzania
Authors: Abdraimova Aida , Besançon Stéphane , Portocarrero Jill , Ramaiya Kaushik , Dunganova Asel , Ewen Margaret , Hogerzeil Hans , Lazo‐Porras Maria , Laing Richard , Lepeska Molly , Nchimbi Happy , Sidibé Assa , Swai Andrew , Tenorio‐Mucha Janeth , Yudkin John S. , Zafra‐Tanaka Jessica H. , Zurdinova Aida , Beran David
Published: May 2022

Aims

To describe and compare the health system responses for type 1 diabetes in Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Peru and Tanzania.

Methods

The Rapid Assessment Protocol for Insulin Access, a multi‐level assessment of the health system, was implemented in Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Peru and Tanzania using document reviews, site visits and interviews to assess the delivery of care and access to insulin.

Results

Despite the existence of noncommunicable or diabetes strategies and Universal Health Coverage policies including diabetes‐related supplies, this has not necessarily translated into access to insulin or diabetes care for all. Insulin and related supplies were often unavailable and unaffordable. Across the four countries test strips and insulin, when paid for by the individual, represented respectively 48–82% and 25–36% of total costs. Care was mainly delivered at tertiary‐level hospitals by specialists. Only Kyrgyzstan had data collection systems integrated into the Ministry of Health structure. In addition, issues with healthcare worker training and education and empowerment of people with diabetes were present in these health systems.

Conclusions

People with type 1 diabetes in these countries face different barriers, including the cost of insulin and care. Given the renewed attention to diabetes on the global health agenda tailored health system responses for type 1 diabetes are needed. Insulin should be prioritized as it is the foundation of type 1 diabetes care, but other elements of care and support need to be fostered by different actors.
The accountability of non‐governmental actors in the digital sphere: A theoretical framework
Authors: Dawson Mark
Published: May 2022

The last decade has seen increasing demands for greater accountability in digital governance. What, however, does accountability require and what normative goods does it serve? This article develops a general framework for assessing digital accountability focused on four normative goods: openness, non‐arbitrariness, effectiveness and publicness. As the article will evidence, claims for digital accountability often refer to deficits relating to one or more of these goods. While scholarly attention has deservedly focused on tying powerful digital actors to rule of law guarantees, the article argues that accountability offers an important normative yardstick to allow citizens to contest digital decisions beyond strict legality. The framework therefore provides a basis for both conceptually disaggregating and normatively forwarding accountability claims in the digital sphere.
Transcriptomic analysis of the chorioallantois in equine premature placental separation
Authors: Murase Harutaka , El‐Sheikh Ali Hossam , Ruby Rebecca E. , Scoggin Kirsten E. , Ball Barry A.
Published: May 2022

Background

Equine premature placental separation (PPS) is poorly understood and represents an important risk factor for fetal/neonatal hypoxia.

Objectives

To examine transcriptomic changes in the chorioallantois (CA) from mares with clinical PPS compared with the CA from normal foaling mares. Differential gene expression was determined and gene ontology as well as molecular pathways related to PPS were characterised.

Study design

Retrospective case: control study.

Methods

CA were collected from Thoroughbred mares with a clinical history of PPS (n = 33) and from control Thoroughbred mares (n = 4) with normal parturition for examination of transcriptional changes in the placenta associated with PPS. Transcriptomic changes in the villous CA near the cervical star were determined by Illumina® sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis. PPS samples were divided by k‐means clustering, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each PPS cluster were identified by comparing to controls. Shared DEGs between PPS clusters were used for gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis.

Results

A total of 1204 DEGs were identified between PPS and control. Gene ontology revealed extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion, and pathway analysis revealed fatty acid, p‐53, hypoxia and inflammation. Eleven key regulator genes of PPS including growth factors (IGF1,TGFB2,TGFB3), transcription factors (HIF1A,JUNB,SMAD3), and transmembrane receptors (FGFR1,TNFRSF1A,TYROBP) were also identified.

Main limitations

The use of clinical history of PPS, in the absence of other criteria, may have led to misidentification of some cases as PPS.

Conclusions

Transcriptomic analysis indicated that changes in ECM and cell adhesion were important factors in equine PPS. Key predicted upstream events include genes associated with hypoxia, inflammation and growth factors related to the pathogenesis of equine PPS.
A novel adaptive vehicle speed recommender fuzzy system for autonomous vehicles on conventional two‐lane roads
Authors: Barreno Felipe , Santos Matilde , Romana Manuel G.
Published: May 2022

This paper presents an intelligent speed adaption system for vehicles on conventional roads. The fuzzy logic based expert system outputs a recommended speed to ensure both safety and passenger comfort. This intelligent system includes geometrical features of the road, as well as subjective perceptions of the drivers. It has been developed and checked with real data that were measured with an instrumental system incorporated in a vehicle, on several two‐lane roads located in the Madrid Region, Spain. Along with the road geometrical characteristics, other input variables to the system are external factors, such as weather conditions, distance to the preceding vehicle, tire pressure, and other subjective criteria, such as the desired comfort level, selected by the driver. The expert system output is the most suitable speed for the specific road type, considering real factors that may modify the category of the road and thus, the appropriate speed. This information could be added to the adaptive cruise control of the vehicle. The recommended speed can be a very useful input for both, drivers and the autonomous vehicles, to improve safety on the road system.
Ecosystem health, ecosystem services, and the well‐being of humans and the rest of nature
Authors: Hernández‐Blanco Marcello , Costanza Robert , Chen Haojie , deGroot Dolf , Jarvis Diane , Kubiszewski Ida , Montoya Javier , Sangha Kamaljit , Stoeckl Natalie , Turner Kerry , van ‘t Hoff Vince
Published: May 2022

An ecosystem is healthy if it is active, maintains its organization and autonomy over time, and is resilient to stress. Healthy ecosystems provide human well‐being via ecosystem services, which are produced in interaction with human, social, and built capital. These services are affected by different ecosystem stewardship schemes. Therefore, society should be aiming for ecosystem health stewardship at all levels to maintain and improve ecosystem services. We review the relationship between ecosystem health and ecosystem services, based on a logic chain framework starting with (1) a development or conservation policy, (2) a management decision or origin of the driver of change, (3) the driver of change itself, (4) the change in ecosystem health, (5) the change in the provision of ecosystem services, and (6) the change in their value to humans. We review two case studies to demonstrate the application of this framework. We analyzed 6,131 records from the Ecosystem Services Valuation Database (ESVD) and found that in approximately 58% of the records data on ecosystem health were lacking. Finally, we describe how the United Nations' System of Environmental‐Economic Accounting (SEEA) incorporates ecosystem health as part of efforts to account for natural capital appreciation or depreciation at the national level. We also provide recommendations for improving this system.
The effect of breastfeeding, breast milk odour and mother's heartbeat sound on pain level in newborns: A randomized trial
Authors: Tavlar Merve , Karakoc Ayse
Published: May 2022

Aim

This study aimed to compare the effects of breastfeeding, breast milk odour and mother's heartbeat sounds on perceived pain during heel lance procedures in term newborns.

Design

This was a randomized three‐group experimental study.

Methods

The sample of the study consisted of 90 newborns. The data were collected using pulse oximeter, fetal hand doppler, voice recorder, loudspeaker, a data collection form and the ALPS‐Neo Pain and Stress Assessment Scale for Newborn Infants.

Results

During the procedure, newborns in the breast milk odour group had high levels of pain and stress, those in the mother's heartbeat sounds group had mild pain and stress, and those in the breastfeeding group had no pain and stress. Additionally, a statistically significant difference was found between their crying times. This difference was the highest for newborns in the breast milk odour group, followed by the mother's heartbeat sounds and breastfeeding groups, respectively.

Conclusion

Breastfeeding and mother's heartbeat sounds, which are non‐pharmacological pain relief methods, are effective in neonatal pain management. However, breast milk odour is not effective for pain control in newborns. Further studies should examine the efficacy combinations of these methods.
Product creativity and organisational competitiveness: Empirical evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Inegbedion Henry
Published: May 2022

The study investigated product creativity and organisational competitiveness in Nigerian private organisations with a view to ascertaining the extent to which product creativity (product line, differentiation, imitation, and innovation) influences creativity and the extent to which product creativity enhances organisational competitiveness. The study employed cross‐sectional survey design, and simple random sampling served to select respondents from ten multinational companies across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. The study employed constructs consistent with those from empirical studies and used a five‐point Likert scale for all the measures. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Results show that three out of the four constructs of creativity are significant predictors of organisational competitiveness. Thus, product line (combination), product differentiation, and product innovation significantly influence creativity, and creativity predicts organisational competitiveness. Business managers can thus enhance the competitiveness of their products through product line, differentiation, and product innovation. However, the framework of the study is not exhaustive. Future studies should attempt a framework that will integrate additional creativity constructs.
Improving the piezoelectric properties of CBN‐based ceramic by a Ce ion
Authors: Chen Ning , Wang Fei , Li Xu , Xie Yining , Xi Jingwen , Guan Shangyi , Shi Wei , Chen Hao , Xing Jie , Zhu Jianguo
Published: May 2022

CaBi2Nb2O9 (CBN), one of the bismuth‐layered structural ferroelectrics, with high Curie temperature (TC), has great potential in high‐temperature applications. In this work, high Curie temperature and piezoelectric constant (d33) are realized in modified CaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics with Ce‐substitution. Ce‐substitution changes the crystal structures and domain structures of CBN‐based ceramics, so as to improve the piezoelectric properties. The optimal performances are obtained with a high d33 value (∼18.0 pC/N) and a TC value (∼930°C), together with a low tan δ value (∼0.028 at 500°C). Moreover, the thermal stability is also enhanced, where the d33 value maintains 93.9% of its original value after annealing at 900°C for 2 h. Thus, these findings play a meaningful role in devices manufacturing, where the apply temperature is often more than 500°C.
Comparison of three sedation models for same‐day painless bidirectional endoscopy: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sui Yue , Chen Xing , Ma Ting , Lu Junhui , Xiao Tao , Wang Zhenzhen , Wen Qing , Wang Guanfeng , Jia Hui , Cao Fengzhen , Wu Xiaopeng , Zhang Yiping , Hao Junlian , Wang Naping
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim

We investigated the most beneficial propofol sedation model for same‐day painless bidirectional endoscopy (BDE).

Methods

Asymptomatic participants scheduled for same‐day painless BDE examination from October 2020 to September 2021 were randomized to three groups: sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy followed by unsedated colonoscopy (Group A); sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy followed by sedated colonoscopy (Group B); and sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy followed by sedated insertion colonoscopy (Group C). Patient discomfort, colonoscopy performance, doses of propofol, cardiovascular stress, anesthesia resuscitation, and sedation‐related adverse events were evaluated.

Results

A total of 3200 participants were analyzed. Baseline demographics, patient discomfort, cecal intubation rate, adenoma detection rate and sedation‐related adverse events were similar in the three groups. Propofol dose was the lowest in Group A (137.65 ± 36.865 mg) compared with Group B (177.71 ± 40.112 mg, P < 0.05) and Group C (161.63 ± 31.789 mg, P < 0.05). Decline in vital signs was most obvious in Group B during the procedure (P < 0.05). Recovery time was the shortest in Group A (5.01 ± 1.404 min) compared with Group B (9.51 ± 2.870 min, P < 0.05) and Group C (5.83 ± 2.594 min, P < 0.05); discharge time was the shortest in Group A (3.53 ± 1.685 min) compared with Group B (11.29 ± 5.172 min, P < 0.05) and Group C (6.47 ± 2.338 min, P < 0.05). Adenomas per positive patient of Group A (2.29 ± 1.055) and Group C (2.28 ± 0.931) were more than that in Group B (2.11 ± 0.946, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy followed by unsedated colonoscopy is the superior model for same‐day painless BDE with the benefits of satisfactory patient comfort, reduced sedation dose, less cardiovascular stress, faster recovery, shorter discharge time and high colonoscopy quality.
Using a home time measure to differentiate ACO performance for seriously ill populations
Authors: Freed Salama S. , Kaufman Brystana G. , Van Houtven Courtney H. , Saunders Robert
Published: May 2022

Background

Alternative Payment Models (APMs) piloted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) such as ACO Realizing Equity, Access and Community Health (REACH) seek to improve care and quality of life among seriously ill populations (SIP). Days at Home (DAH) was proposed for use in this model to evaluate organizational performance. It is important to assess the utility and feasibility of person‐centered outcomes measures, such as DAH, as CMS seeks to advance care models for seriously ill beneficiaries. We leverage existing Accountable Care Organization (ACO) contracts to evaluate the feasibility of ACO‐level DAH measure and examine characteristics associated with ACOs with more DAH.

Methods

We calculated DAH for Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries aged 68 and over who were retrospectively attributed to a Medicare ACO between 2014 and 2018 and met the seriously ill criteria. We then aggregated to the ACO level DAH for each ACO's seriously ill beneficiaries and risk‐adjusted this aggregated measure. Finally, we evaluated associations between risk‐adjusted DAH per person‐year and ACO, beneficiary, and market characteristics.

Results

ACOs' seriously ill beneficiaries spent an average of 349.3 risk‐adjusted DAH per person‐year. Risk‐adjusted ACO variation, defined as the interquartile range, was 4.21 days (IQR = 347.32–351.53). Beneficiaries of ACOs are composed of a less racially diverse beneficiary cohort, opting for two‐sided risk models, and operating in markets with fewer hospital and Skilled Nursing Facility beds had more DAH.

Conclusions

Substantial variation across ACOs in the DAH measure for seriously ill beneficiaries suggests the measure can differentiate between high and low performing provider groups. Key to the success of the metric is accurate risk adjustment to ensure providers have adequate resources to care for seriously ill beneficiaries. Organizational factors, such as the ACO size and level of risk, are strongly associated with more days at home.
Therapeutic application of machine learning in psoriasis: A Prisma systematic review
Authors: Lunge Snehal Balvant , Shetty Nandini Sundar , Sardesai Vidyadhar R. , Karagaiah Priyanka , Yamauchi Paul S. , Weinberg Jeffrey M. , Kircik Leon , Giulini Mario , Goldust Mohamad
Published: May 2022

Dermatology, being a predominantly visual‐based diagnostic field, has found itself to be at the epitome of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based advances. Machine learning (ML), a subset of AI, goes a step further by recognizing patterns from data and teaches machines to automatically learn tasks. Although artificial intelligence in dermatology is mostly developed in melanoma and skin cancer diagnosis, advances in AI and ML have gone far ahead and found its application in ulcer assessment, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, onychomycosis, etc. This article is focused on the application of ML in the therapeutic aspect of psoriasis.
Subjective sleep complaints were associated with painful temporomandibular disorders in adolescents: The Epidor‐Adolescere study
Authors: Fernandes Giovana , van Selms Maurits K. A. , Lobbezoo Frank , Aarab Ghizlane , do Braido Guilherme Vinícius Vale , Campi Leticia Bueno , Jordani Paula Cristina , de Gonçalves Daniela Aparecida Godoi
Published: May 2022

Background

Sleep disturbances in adolescents has received a lot of attention in the literature and it is recognised as a serious health concern. The association between pain and sleep disturbances in adolescents has been extensively studied. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of studies investigating the association between various subjective sleep variables and painful TMD in adolescents.

Objectives

to investigate the association between painful TMD and subjective sleep variables in adolescents' non‐clinical sample. We conducted a cross‐sectional study. TMD was classified according to the RDC/TMD criteria. The Revised Face Scale evaluated TMD pain intensity, and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were assessed in trigeminal and extra‐trigeminal areas. The subjective sleep variables were assessed according to the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and Sleep Behaviour Questionnaire.

Results

The final sample consisted of 690 adolescents (12.7 ± 0.76 years), with 16.2% of them presenting painful TMD. Adolescents who frequently reported waking up more than twice per night and feeling tired when awake were more likely to present painful TMD symptoms [OR = 1.7 (95% CI: 1.04–2.90); p = .034 and OR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.01–2.48); p = .046, respectively]. The intensity of TMD pain was negatively associated with sleep quality (p = .015). Also, PPT values in the trigeminal and extra‐trigeminal areas were negatively associated with total sleep time (p = .048 and p = .042, respectively).

Conclusions

The present results point out the importance of considering sleep complaints associated with painful TMD in adolescents.
Examining Hindu Ethics: The ThreeYogas inBhāgavata PurāṇaCommentaries
Authors: Edelmann Jonathan
Published: May 2022

The object of this article is pre‐colonial Hindu ways of distinguishing “the path of devotion” (bhakti‐yoga) from “the path of knowledge” (jñāna‐yoga) and “the path of work” (karma‐yoga). It highlights how a developing religious group in early modern India explained and justified its path—its ethics, its ritual, its theology—while in conversation with the larger Brahminical tradition out of which it was emerging. I argue that early authors in the Chaitanya Vaishnava tradition such as Sanātana (c.1475–1554), Rūpa (c.1480–1554), Jīva (c.1510–1606), and Viśvanātha (fl. c.1650–1712) used the authority of theBhāgavata‐Purāṇato elevate devotion to an ethical imperative by including and excluding the behaviors and the motives of the older and well‐established paths like knowledge, works, and Patañjali’s yoga. Their ethics is connected to an ontology of god’s being in which the path of devotion is uniquely effective in revealing god’s being and uniquely salvific the among paths. I argue this discourse on the three paths is a type of Hindu ethics, but it is unclear how it might be reconstructed in rational terms to deal with contemporary issues and that its primary innovation for the time was the uncoupling of ethics from the caste system.
The Varied Trajectories of Engaged Buddhism: New Works on Buddhist Environmental Ethics, Interdependence, and Racial Karma
Authors: Locke Jessica
Published: May 2022

This book discussion reads three works in contemporary Buddhist social ethics alongside one another: Ogyen Trinley Dorje’sInterconnected, David Loy’sEcodharma,and Larry Ward’sAmerica’s Racial Karma. Each of these works contributes to the subfield of engaged Buddhism, which aims to bring Buddhist value theory to contemporary social and political issues in order to effect social change. The rapid development of engaged Buddhism constitutes a particularly rich moment in the history of Buddhist thought, as Buddhist ethics is showing itself to be actively in process—a tradition in the midst of rapid transformation, revision, and cross‐cultural application. This book discussion interrogates these three works with that metaphilosophical and historiographical issue in mind, analyzing the particular ways in which they contribute to challenging and reshaping the traditional contours of Buddhist ethics into a contemporary social and political register. In exemplifying the approaches of translation, extending, and applying, these works demonstrate the creative and experimental moment in which Buddhist social ethics finds itself today. Such adaptations of the Buddhist tradition are historiographically significant as innovations, while also of a piece with Buddhism’s history of intercultural transmission.
The Implied Imperative: Poetry as Ethics in the Proverbs of the Tirukkuṟaḷ
Authors: Smith Jason W.
Published: May 2022

The Tirukkuṟaḷ is a text of Tamil proverbs that circulates widely in South India today. While the first two sections of the text contain practical pieces of ethical advice, the third section contains an extended love poem. This variation in content has resulted in a dichotomous view of the text in which ethics and poetry are viewed as fundamentally distinct. This paper blurs the distinction between ethics and poetry by showing how the poetic form of the Tirukkuṟaḷ's proverbs not only enhances the text's ethical message but also participates in the ethical formation of the text's audience. Building on Geoffrey Galt Harpham's notion of sub‐ethics, I argue that the Tirukkuṟaḷ uses three literary strategies—metaphor, inference, and suspense—to engage the audience in modes of “sub‐ethical” reflection by raising ethical questions and framing ethical choices.
Melatonin mediates reactive oxygen species homeostasis via SlCV to regulate leaf senescence in tomato plants
Authors: Yu Jun‐Chi , Lu Jia‐Zhi , Cui Xiao‐Yu , Guo Lei , Wang Zhi‐Jun , Liu Yu‐Dong , Wang Feng , Qi Ming‐Fang , Liu Yu‐Feng , Li Tian‐Lai
Published: May 2022

Melatonin (MT) functions in removing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and delaying plant senescence, thereby acting as an antioxidant; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the specific action of MT is unclear. Herein, we used the mutant plants carrying the MT decomposition gene melatonin 3‐hydroxylase (M3H) in tomato to elucidate the specific mechanism of action of MT. SlM3H‐OE accelerated senescence by decreasing the content of endogenous MT in plants. SlM3H is a senescence‐related gene that positively regulates aging. MT inhibited the expression of the senescence‐related gene SlCV to scavenge ROS, induced stable chloroplast structure, and delayed leaf senescence. Simultaneously, MT weakened the interaction between SlCV and SlPsbO/SlCAT3, reduced ROS production in photosystem II, and promoted ROS elimination. In conclusion, MT regulates ROS homeostasis and delays leaf aging in tomato plants through SlCV expression modulation.