bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary Intake of Nutrients Involved in Serotonin and Melatonin Synthesis and Prenatal Maternal Sleep Quality and Affective Symptoms
Authors: Kautz Amber , Meng Ying , Yeh Kuan-Lin , Peck Robin , Brunner Jessica , Best Meghan , Fernandez I. Diana , Miller Richard K. , Barrett Emily S. , Groth Susan W. , O’Connor Thomas G.
Published: July 2024

Poor sleep quality and psychological distress in pregnancy are important health concerns. Serotonin and melatonin levels may underlie variation in these adverse outcomes. In this study, we examined dietary nutrients involved in serotonin and melatonin synthesis in relation to maternal sleep quality and affective symptoms during pregnancy. Pregnant women at no greater than normal medical risk at enrollment completed 24‐hour dietary recalls in mid‐late pregnancy. Usual intakes of vitamin B6, vitamin D, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and tryptophan were estimated from dietary intake of foods and supplements using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method. Sleep quality, depression, and anxiety were measured using validated questionnaires. Associations between nutrient intakes, sleep quality, and affective symptoms were estimated using generalized estimating equation models adjusting for potential confounding factors. In minimally adjusted models, EPA + DHA and tryptophan intakes were associated with a lower score indicating better sleep quality (b: −1.07, 95% CI: −2.09, −0.05) and (b: −12.40, 95% CI: −24.60, −0.21), respectively. EPA + DHA and tryptophan intakes were also associated with a lower odds of shorter sleep duration and sleep disturbances. In addition, tryptophan was associated with a lower odds of higher sleep latency. However, associations were attenuated and nonsignificant after adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors. In conclusion, intakes of EPA + DHA and tryptophan were associated with improved sleep quality, but these associations were confounded by maternal demographic and lifestyle characteristics. This study highlights the need to consider dietary intake and pregnancy health in the context of demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors.
Adept Domestic Energy Load Profile Development Using Computational Intelligence‐Based Modelling
Authors: Popoola Olawale , Ramokone Agnes , Awelewa Ayokunle
Published: July 2024

Most studies undertaken on energy usage in buildings have shown that energy utilization is widely influenced by occupancy presence and occupants’ activities relative to the indoor environment, which may be widely dependent on weather conditions and user behaviors. However, the core drawback that has negated the proficient estimation of energy is the modelling of occupant behavior relative to energy use. Occupants’ behavior is a complex phenomenon and has a dynamic nature influenced by numerous internal, individual, and circumstantial factors. This research proposes a computational intelligence‐based model for household electricity usage profile development as impacted by core input variables—household activities, household financial status, and occupancy presence. The incorporation of these variables and their adaptiveness is expected to address and resolve unpredictability or nonlinearity concerns, thus allowing for adept energy usage estimation. The model addresses issues unresolved in many other studies, such as occupancy determination (deduction) and the impact on energy consumption. The performance precision of this approach has been demonstrated by trend series analysis, demand analysis, and correlation analysis. Based on the performance indicators including mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE), the model has shown proficient predictive output with respect to the metered (actual) energy usage data. The proposed model, compared to actual data, showed that average MAPE values for the respective day standard, morning peak, and night peak demand period (TOUs) are 2.8%, 1.88%, and 0.31% for all income groups, respectively. The aptitude to improve on energy prediction and evaluation accuracy, especially in these periods, makes it a highly suited tool for demand‐side management, power generation, and distribution planning activity. This will translate into power system reliability, reduce operation cost (lowest cost), and reduce greenhouse emissions (environmental pollution), thereby cumulating into sustainable cities.
Interactive Effect of Residue Quality and Agroecologies Modulate Soil C‐ and N‐Cycling Enzyme Activities, Microbial Gene Abundance, and Metabolic Quotient
Authors: Agumas Birhanu , Agegnehu Getachew , Feyisa Tesfaye
Published: July 2024

Understanding interactive effect of agroecology explained by rainfall, temperature, elevation, and biochemical composition of residues on soil microbial abundance and functions is crucial for unraveling soil ecological processes. This study aimed to investigate how agroecology and residue quality influence enzymatic activities, gene abundance, and metabolic quotient (qCO2). A field experiment was conducted using Leucaena leucocephala (LL) (high‐quality residue) and Acacia decurrens (AD) (low‐quality residue) in soils of highland and midland agroecologies. These residues differed in decomposability, characterized by a ratio of (lignin + polyphenol)/N of 5.0 for high‐quality residue versus 21.0 for low‐quality residue. Two experimental setups were employed: soil with litter mixture in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes and residues buried in the surface soil using litterbags. Soil samples were collected after 30, 120, and 270 days of incubation and analyzed for biochemical properties, enzyme activities, and the abundance of nitrifying and total archaea and bacteria. Soil respiration was also measured at different intervals in the field. qCO2 was calculated using microbial biomass (MBC) and daily respiration (DCO2). Linear mixed model (P < 0.05) revealed that combined factors of agroecologies and residue qualities affected enzymatic activities, microbial abundance, soil properties, and qCO2. Agroecological differences exerted a greater influence than residue qualities. Positive and negative significant correlations (P < 0.05, r = 0.27 to 0.67) were found between different C and N pools as well as enzymatic activities. Positive correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between the abundance of total bacteria, total archaea, and ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria versus leucine‐aminopeptidases. qCO2 was influenced more by β‐xylosidase, leucine‐aminopeptidases, and thermolysin‐like neutral metalloproteases (TLP) than by β‐D‐glucosidase and β‐D‐cellobiohydrolase. Leucine‐aminopeptidases and TLP were identified as rate‐limiting factors for protein and peptide decomposition, while β‐xylosidase controlled hemicellulose degradation. In summary, this study provides insights into the intricate relationships between agroecology, residue quality, enzymatic activities, and microbial communities, shedding light on key processes governing soil ecological functions.
Fifteen‐Centimeter Giant Tamoxifen‐Associated Endometrial Polyp Presenting With Constipation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Apornvirat Sompon , Suwannarurk Komsun
Published: July 2024

Endometrial polyps are benign disorganized growth of endometrial glands and stroma in the uterine cavity. They are associated with subfertility, abnormal uterine bleeding, and tamoxifen use. While most polyps are smaller than 2 cm in size, rare giant polyps can cause concerns over malignancy. We report a case of a 15 cm giant endometrial polyp in a 58‐year‐old woman with a history of tamoxifen use who presented with an uncommon complaint of constipation. Additionally, a literature review of giant endometrial polyp cases is presented. This case represents the largest reported endometrial polyp to date.
MerTK Induces Dysfunctional Dendritic Cells by Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Zewdie Eden Y. , Edwards George M. , Hunter Debra M. , Earp Henry Shelton , Holtzhausen Alisha
Published: July 2024

Checkpoint inhibitors, specifically anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), have shown success in treating metastatic melanoma; however, some patients develop resistance. Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in initiating an immune response, but in certain circumstances they become ineffective. We investigated the role of MerTK, a receptor tyrosine kinase responsible for myeloid cell clearance of dead cells, in the regulation of DC function and metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. Tumors resistant to anti-PD1 exhibited increased levels of MerTK+ DCs. Treating wild-type DCs with apoptotic melanoma cells in vitro resulted in increased MerTK expression, elevated mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation, and reduced T-cell stimulatory capacity, all characteristics of dysfunctional DCs. In contrast, dead cells had only limited effect on the metabolism of MerTK-deficient DCs, which instead maintained an antigen-presenting, stimulatory phenotype. The efficacy of anti-PD1 to slow tumor progression and induce antigen specific T-cell infiltration was markedly increased in mice with selective ablation of MerTK in the DC compartment, suggesting the possibility of therapeutically targeting MerTK to modulate DC metabolism and function and enhance anti-PD1 therapy.
Graft Patency and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Radial Artery Grafts Previously Instrumented for Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Hamilton Garry W. , Theuerle James , Chye David , Bhaskar Jayapadman , Seevanayagam Siven , Johns Hannah , Churilov Leonid , Yeoh Julian , Yudi Matias B. , Brown Louise , Raman Jaishankar , Clark David J. , Hare David L. , Farouque Omar
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

While transradial access is favored for cardiac catheterization, the radial artery (RA) is increasingly preferred for coronary artery bypass grafting. Whether the RA is suitable for use as a graft following instrumentation for transradial access remains uncertain.

METHODS:

Consecutive patients from 2015 to 2019 who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting using both the left and right RAs as grafts were included. Instrumented RAs underwent careful preoperative assessment for suitability. The clinical analysis was stratified by whether patients received an instrumented RA graft (instrumented versus noninstrumented groups). Eligible patients with both instrumented and noninstrumented RAs underwent computed tomography coronary angiography to evaluate graft patency. The primary outcome was a within-patient paired analysis of graft patency comparing instrumented to noninstrumented RA grafts.

RESULTS:

Of the 1123 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, 294 had both the left and right RAs used as grafts and were included. There were 126 and 168 patients in the instrumented and noninstrumented groups, respectively. Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were comparable. The rate of major adverse cardiac events at 2 years following coronary artery bypass grafting was 2.4% in the instrumented group and 5.4% in the noninstrumented group (hazard ratio, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.12–1.61];
P
=0.19). There were 50 patients included in the graft patency analysis. At a median follow-up of 4.3 (interquartile range, 3.7–4.5) years, 40/50 (80%) instrumented and 41/50 (82%) noninstrumented grafts were patent (odds ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.29–2.52];
P
>0.99). No significant differences were observed in the luminal diameter or cross-sectional area of the instrumented and noninstrumented RA grafts.

CONCLUSIONS:

There was no evidence found in this study that RA graft patency was affected by prior transradial access, and the use of an instrumented RA was not associated with worse outcomes in the exploratory clinical analysis. Although conduits must be carefully selected, prior transradial access should not be considered an absolute contraindication to the use of the RA as a bypass graft.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.anzctr.org.au/
; Unique identifier: ACTRN12621000257864.
One new genus and species of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: PAN YANGYANG , BIAN XUN
Published: July 2024

One new genus with one new species is proposed in this paper according to the newly obtained specimen from Yunnan deposited in Guangxi Normal University. To better distinguish the new genus, the morphological illustrations of twelve known belonging to five allied genera were provided.
A new species of Uropeltis Cuvier, 1829 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae) from the eastern escarpment of the southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: GOWER DAVID J. , DAS SANDEEP , DEEPAK V. , GERARD JASON D. , NARAYANAN SURYA
Published: July 2024

A new species of the uropeltid (‘shieldtail’) snake genus Uropeltis is described based on eight specimens from the southern part of peninsular India’s Western Ghats. Uropeltis caudomaculata sp. nov. is phenotypically and genetically most similar to U. pulneyensis (Beddome, 1863), but differs primarily in having more ventral scales and in being restricted to the eastern escarpment of the Western Ghats between Meghamalai and approximately 15 km East of Munnar rather than in the Palani Hills, as well as differing in DNA nucleotide sequences. From verified records, we consider U. pulneyensis to be known thus far only from the Palani Hills, and we designate a lectotype for the species. Reconsideration of the holotype of Silybura guentheri Beddome, 1878 from Meghamalai leads us to conclude that it should be removed from the subjective junior synonymy of U. pulneyensis and be considered a distinct though very poorly known species, Uropeltis guentheri comb. nov.
Microdous hanlini (Gobiiformes: Odontobutidae), a new species of the fine-toothed sleepers from Guangxi, China
Authors: WANG FANGXIN , WEI MULAN , HE YOU , LI CHENHONG
Published: July 2024

Microdous (Gobiiformes: Odontobutidae) is a genus of freshwater sleepers distributed in southern China and Vietnam. There are two described species in this genus, M. chalmersi widely distributed in Hainan Island and Guangxi province of China and M. amblyrhynchos with a very restricted distribution range in Baise, Guangxi. It has been reported that M. chalmersi of Guangxi might be a cryptic species, which is different from M. chalmersi of Hainan. Here, we describe the cryptic species from Guangxi as a new species, Microdous hanlini, and compare it with the other species of Microdous. Microdous hanlini can be distinguished from M. chalmersi by its wider head (head width/head length = 0.51–0.58 vs. 0.48–0.53 in M. chalmersi) and wider interorbital width (interorbital width/head length = 0.15–0.19 vs. 0.09–0.13 in M. chalmersi). Microdous hanlini can be distinguished from M. amblyrhynchos by its longer snout, (snout length/head length = 0.29–0.35 vs. 0.26–0.28 in M. amblyrhynchos); slenderer head (head width/head length = 0.51–0.58 vs. 0.61–0.65); and protruding eyes (vs. not protruding). Phylogenetics analyses based on partial sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene (~1500 bp) showed that M. hanlini, M. chalmersi and M. amblyrhynchos formed reciprocal monophyletic clades and M. hanlini is more closely related to M. amblyrhynchos than to M. chalmersi. Genetic distance between the three species is greater than the interspecific distance between some species of Odontobutis.
A new species of Plumarella (Octocorallia: Calcaxonia: Primnoidae) from the Northeast Pacific, and the redescription of Plumarella longispina Kinoshita, 1908
Authors: CAIRNS STEPHEN D. , RODRIGUEZ-BERMUDEZ ADRIANA
Published: July 2024

A new species of primnoid octocoral, Plumarella williamsi, is described from the west coast of the Unites States, ranging from Baja California to Washington at 55–735 m. Previously reported as the Japanese species P. longispina Kinoshita, 1908, it differs from that species in having fewer and more massive body wall scales, taller marginal scales, and larger and less granular coenenchymal scales. In addition, a phylogenetic tree analysis further confirms the status of the new species, and places P. williamsi as closely related to P. aurea (Deichmann, 1936) and P. longispina Kinoshita, 1908. Plumarella longispina is also redescribed based on type and topotypic specimens.
Extension of Flow Behaviour and Damage Models for Cast Iron Alloys with Strain Rate Effect
Authors: Liu Chuang , Sun Dongzhi , Zhang Xianfeng , Andrieux Florence , Gersterc Tobias
Published: July 2024

Cast iron alloys with low production cost and quite good mechanical properties are widely used in the automotive industry. To study the mechanical behavior of a typical ductile cast iron (GJS-450) with nodular graphite, uni-axial quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests at strain rates of 10−4, 1, 10, 100, and 250 s−1 were carried out. In order to investigate the influence of stress state on the deformation and fracture parameters, specimens with various geometries were used in the experiments. Stress strain curves and fracture strains of the GJS-450 alloy in the strain rate range of 10−4 to 250 s−1 were obtained. A strain rate-dependent plastic flow model was proposed to describe the mechanical behavior in the corresponding strain-rate range. The available damage model was extended to take the strain rate into account and calibrated based on the analysis of local fracture strains. Simulations with the proposed plastic flow model and the damage model were conducted to observe the deformation and fracture process. The results show that the strain rate has obviously nonlinear effects on the yield stress and fracture strain of GJS-450 alloys. The predictions with the proposed plastic flow and damage models at various strain rates agree well with the experimental results, which illustrates that the rate-dependent plastic flow and damage models can be used to describe the mechanical behavior of cast iron alloys at elevated strain rates. The proposed plastic flow and damage models can be used to describe the deformation and fracture analysis of materials with similar properties.
The marine-derived HIF-1α inhibitor, Yardenone 2, reduces prostate cancer cell proliferation by targeting HIF-1 target genes
Authors: Peng Siyong , Guo Yingbo , Irondelle Marie , Mazzu Abigail , Kahi Michel , Ferreira Montenegro Paula , Bost Frédéric , Mazure Nathalie M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second most prevalent cancer in men, with advanced stages posing significant treatment challenges. Given its solid tumor nature, PCa is highly susceptible to hypoxia, a condition associated with resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, metastasis, and unfavorable patient outcomes. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play a pivotal role in cancer cell adaptation to hypoxic environments, contributing to treatment resistance. Consequently, inhibitors targeting HIFs hold promise for cancer therapy.

Methods

In this study, we aimed to characterize novel HIF-1α inhibitors including Sodwanones A (1), B (2), C (3), G (4) and Yardenone 2 (5) isolated from marine sponges belonging to the Axinella genus. Our investigation evaluated the impact of these compounds on various aspects of HIF-1α regulation, including stabilization, nuclear localization, expression of HIF-1 target genes (while sparing HIF-2 target genes), cellular metabolism, as well as cell proliferation and viability in prostate cells under hypoxic conditions.

Results

Our findings revealed that among the compounds tested, Yardenone 2 exhibited notable effects in hypoxia: it destabilized HIF-1α at the protein level, decreased its nuclear localization, selectively altered the expression of HIF-1 target genes, and restrained cell proliferation in aggressive PC3 prostate cancer cells as well as in an MSK-PCa3 patient-derived organoid line. Moreover, it affected the morphology of these organoid. Yardenone 2 was also compared to Docetaxel, a specific microtubule inhibitor and a drug used in the treatment of prostate cancer. The comparison between the two compounds revealed notable differences, such as a lack of specificity to hypoxic cells of Docetaxel.

Conclusion

These results mark the first demonstration that Yardenone 2 functions as a cytostatic-like inhibitor impacting microtubules, specifically targeting hypoxic cancer cells. This discovery suggests a promising avenue for novel therapeutic interventions in prostate cancer.
Dietary restriction promote sperm remodeling in aged roosters based on transcriptome analysis
Authors: Liang Wenjie , He Yuehua , Zhu Tingqi , Zhang Binbin , Liu Shuangxing , Guo Haishan , Liu Pingquan , Liu Huayuan , Li Donghua , Kang Xiangtao , Li Wenting , Sun Guirong
Published: July 2024

Background

The breeder rooster has played a pivotal role in poultry production by providing high-quality semen. Typically, fertility peaks between 30 and 40 weeks of age and then declines rapidly from 45 to 55 weeks of age. Research into improving fertility in aging roosters is essential to extend their productive life. While progress has been made, enhancing fertility in aging roosters remains a significant challenge.

Methods

To identify the genes related to promoting sperm remodeling in aged Houdan roosters, we combined changes in testis and semen quality with transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze the synchrony of semen quality and testis development. In this study, 350-day-old Houdan breeder roosters were selected for RNA-seq analysis in testis tissues from induced molting roosters (D group) and non-induced molting roosters (47DG group). All analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and functional enrichment were performed. Finally, we selected six DEGs to verify the accuracy of the sequencing by qPCR.

Results

Compared with the 47DG group, sperm motility (P < 0.05), sperm density (P < 0.01), and testis weight (P < 0.05) were significantly increased in roosters in the D group. Further RNA-seq analysis of the testis between the D group and 47DG group identified 61 DEGs, with 21 up-regulated and 40 down-regulated. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were primarily enriched in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, and focal adhesion pathway. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression trend of these genes was consistent with the sequencing results. WNT5A, FGFR3, AGTR2, TGFβ2, ROMO1, and SLC26A7 may play a role in testis development and spermatogenesis. This study provides fundamental data to enhance the reproductive value of aging roosters.
Integrated proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals novel insights on the inflammation and immune response in HFpEF
Authors: Abudurexiti Muyashaer , Abuduhalike Refukaiti , Naman Tuersunjiang , Wupuer Nuerdun , Duan Dongqin , Keranmu Mayire , Mahemuti Ailiman
Published: July 2024

Background

The precise mechanisms leading to the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remain incompletely defined. In this study, an integrative approach utilizing untargeted proteomics and metabolomics was employed to delineate the altered proteomic and metabolomic profiles in patients with HFpEF compared to healthy controls.

Materials and methods

Data were collected from a prospective cohort consisting of 30 HFpEF participants and 30 healthy controls, matched by gender and age. plasma samples were analyzed by multi-omics platforms. The quantification of plasma proteins and metabolites was performed using data-independent acquisition-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), respectively. Additionally, Proteomic and metabolomic results were analyzed separately and integrated using correlation and pathway analysis. This was followed by the execution of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment studies to elucidate the biological relevance of the observed results.

Results

A total of 46 significantly differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 102 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified. Then, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed by DEPs and DEMs. Integrated analysis of proteomics and metabolomics has revealed Tuberculosis and African trypanosomiasis pathways that are significantly enriched and the DEPs and DEMs enriched within them, are associated with inflammation and immune response.

Conclusions

Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses revealed distinct inflammatory and immune response pathways in HFpEF, highlighting novel therapeutic avenues.
Phosphate solubilizing Aspergillus Niger PH1 ameliorates growth and alleviates lead stress in maize through improved photosynthetic and antioxidant response
Authors: Hussain Iqbal , Irshad Muhammad , Hussain Anwar , Qadir Muhammad , Mehmood Asif , Rahman Muneebur , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Almutairi Mikhlid H. , Ali Sajid , Hamayun Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Among the several threats to humanity by anthropogenic activities, contamination of the environment by heavy metals is of great concern. Upon entry into the food chain, these metals cause serious hazards to plants and other organisms including humans. Use of microbes for bioremediation of the soil and stress mitigation in plants are among the preferred strategies to provide an efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly solution of the problem. The current investigation is an attempt in this direction where fungal strain PH1 was isolated from the rhizosphere of Parthenium hysterophorus which was identified as Aspergillus niger by sequence homology of the ITS 1 and ITS 4 regions of the rRNA. The strain was tested for its effect on growth and biochemical parameters as reflection of its potential to mitigate Pb stress in Zea mays exposed to 100, 200 and 500 µg of Pb/g of soil. In the initial screening, it was revealed that the strain has the ability to tolerate lead stress, solubilize insoluble phosphate and produce plant growth promoting hormones (IAA and SA) and other metabolites like phenolics, flavonoids, sugar, protein and lipids. Under 500 µg of Pb/g of soil, Z. mays exhibited significant growth retardation with a reduction of 31% in root length, 30.5% in shoot length, 57.5% in fresh weight and 45.2% in dry weight as compared to control plants. Inoculation of A. niger to Pb treated plants not only restored root and shoot length, rather promoted it to a level significantly higher than the control plants. Association of the strain modulated the physio-hormonal attributes of maize plants that resulted in their better growth which indicated a state of low stress. Additionally, the strain boosted the antioxidant defence system of the maize there by causing a significant reduction in the ascorbic acid peroxidase (1.5%), catalase (19%) and 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (33.3%), indicating a lower stress condition as compared to their non-inoculated stressed plants. Based on current evidence, this strain can potentially be used as a biofertilizer for Pb-contaminated sites where it will improve overall plant health with the hope of achieving better biological and agricultural yields.
Cardiac effects of direct anti-viral treatment in type II diabetic patients with hepatitis C infection
Authors: Elmaghraby Khaled M. , Abdel-Wahid Lobna , Kishk Yehia T. , Michael Rania R. Y. , Abdel-Galeel Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Background

The link between diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis C infection remains well established. It is estimated that up to one third of chronic hepatitis C patients have type II diabetes mellitus. Hepatitis C virus infection is one of the main global health burdens. Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir are used as effective antiviral inhibitors of hepatitis C virus. The cardiovascular effects of those drugs are not well studied. We used electrocardiography and echocardiography with global longitudinal strain assessment by speckle tracking to detect their effect on cardiac function.

Methods and results

One hundred diabetic patients with hepatitis C infection were included in the study. Abdominal ultrasound and laboratory work up were carried out for all participants. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were assessed by 2D-echocardiography and global longitudinal strain, before and 3 months after treatment. Results showed significant decrease in global longitudinal strain 3 months after therapy (-21 ± 4 vs. -18 ± 7; P < 0.001) but other echocardiographic findings showed no significant changes.

Conclusions

Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir were associated with early left ventricular systolic dysfunction as assessed by global longitudinal strain in diabetic patients. More deterioration in left ventricular systolic function was detected among those with Child-Pough class B. Further long-term follow-up may be required.
Left atrial remodeling and voltage-guided ablation outcome in persistent atrial fibrillation patients according to CHA2DS2-VASc score
Authors: Marzak Halim , Gennesseaux Gabrielle , Hammann Justine , Ringele Romain , Fitouchi Simon , Severac François , Cardi Thomas , Kanso Mohamad , Schatz Alexandre , Ohlmann Patrick , Morel Olivier , Jesel Laurence
Published: July 2024

Background

CHA2DS2-VASc score-related differences have been reported in atrial fibrotic remodeling and prognosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients after ablation. There are currently no data on the efficacy of low voltage zone (LVZ)-guided ablation in persistent AF patients according to CHA2DS2-VASc score. We assessed in a cohort of persistent AF patients the extent of LVZ, the regional distribution of LA voltage and the outcome of LA voltage-guided substrate ablation in addition to PVI according to CHA2DS2-VASc score.

Methods

138 consecutive persistent AF patients undergoing a first voltage-guided catheter ablation were enrolled. 58 patients with CHAD2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 and 80 patients with CHAD2DS2-VASc score ≤ 2 were included. LA voltage maps were obtained using 3D-electroanatomical mapping system in sinus rhythm. LVZ was defined as < 0.5 mV.

Results

In the high CHAD2DS2-VASc score group, LA voltage was lower (1.5 [1.1–2.5] vs. 2.3 [1.5–2.8] mV, p = 0.02) and LVZs were more frequently identified (40% vs. 18%), p < 0.01). Female with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 (p = 0.031), LA indexed volume (p = 0.009) and P-wave duration ≥ 150 ms (p = 0.001) were predictors of LVZ. After a 36-month follow-up, atrial arrhythmia-free survival was similar between the two groups (logrank test, P = 0.676).

Conclusions

AF patients with CHAD2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 display more LA substrate remodeling with lower voltage and more LVZs compared with those with CHAD2DS2-VASc score ≤ 2. Despite this atrial remodeling, they had similar and favorable 36 months results after one single procedure. Unlike male with CHAD2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3, female with CHAD2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 was predictor of LVZ occurrence.
The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in the United States population utilizing AGILE 3 + and AGILE 4 scores: analysis of the NHANES 2017–2018 cycle
Authors: Alkhouri Naim , Almomani Ashraf , Le Phuc , Payne Julia Y. , Asaad Imad , Polanco Prido , Leff Phillip , Kumar Prabhat , Noureddin Mazen
Published: July 2024

Background

Studies attempted to estimate MASLD-related advanced fibrosis (AF) and cirrhosis (MC) prevalence utilized tests with low positive predictive value (PPV) which overestimates prevalence. AGILE3 + and 4 scores were developed to increase the PPV of both; respectively. In this study, we used these scores to assess the prevalence of AF and MC.

Methods

Participants aged ≥ 18 years with VCTE exam in the NHANES 2017–2018 cycle were included. We excluded pregnant women, patients with excessive alcohol intake, hepatitis B/C, and ALT or AST > 500 IU/L. MASLD was defined with CAP score > 248 dB/m. MASLD subjects with AGILE 3 + score of ≥ 0.68 and AGILE 4 score of ≥ 0.57 were considered to have advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis; respectively. AGILE 3 + of 0.45–0.67 and AGILE 4 of 0.25–0.57 were grey zone, whereas AGILE 3 + < 0.45 and AGILE 4 < 0.25 were considered a rule-out.

Results

1244 subjects were included in the final analysis. The Median age was 53 (51.4–54.6) years, 55.6% were male, median BMI was 33.8 kg/m2 and 41.1% had T2DM. Based on AGILE 3+, 80.3% of the MASLD population were at low risk for AF and 11.5% were in grey zone. The prevalence of AF due to MASLD was 8.1% corresponding to 4.5 million Americans. Based on AGILE 4 score, 96.5% of the MASLD population were at low risk for cirrhosis and 2.4% were in the grey zone. The prevalence of MASLD-cirrhosis was 1.1% corresponding to 610,000 Americans.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that approximately 4.5 million people in the U.S. have AF and 0.6 million have cirrhosis due to MASLD.
Social support and physical literacy in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension: the mediating effects of sense of coherence and self-efficacy
Authors: Ma Guiyue , Zhou Chunqing , Han Zhihao , Mu Tingyu , Ma Xiaoqin
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite the growing recognition of the importance of social support and physical literacy in managing hypertension among young and middle-aged patients, there is a lack of research exploring the mediating effects of sense of coherence and self-efficacy in this relationship. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the interplay between social support, physical literacy, sense of coherence, and self-efficacy, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of effective interventions for hypertension management.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling to survey 280 young and middle-aged patients diagnosed with hypertension from five community settings in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces between January and February 2024. Measurement instruments included the General Information Questionnaire, Physical Literacy Scale for Young and Middle-aged Patients with Hypertension, Sense of Coherence Scale 13, General self-efficacy Scale, and Perception Social Support Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 28.0, with reporting following the STROBE checklist.

Results

A total of 270 valid questionnaires were collected. The total score of physical literacy for young and middle-aged patients with hypertension ranged from 18 to 90, with a mean score of 62.30 ± 13.92, indicating a moderate level. There was a positive correlation between the physical literacy score and the scores of social support (r = 0.557, P<0.01), sense of coherence (r = 0.392, P<0.01), and self-efficacy (r = 0.466, P<0.01) among young and middle-aged patients with hypertension. Furthermore, social support was found to have multiple mediating effects through sense of coherence and self-efficacy on physical literacy.

Conclusion

This study sheds light on the interconnectedness of social support, physical literacy, sense of coherence, and self-efficacy among young and middle-aged patients with hypertension. The findings underscore the importance of considering these factors holistically in hypertension management strategies.
The combined association of physical activity and alcohol use with long-term mortality: an age-stratified analysis
Authors: Fu Bingqi , Yu Yu , Cheng Sijing , Huang Hao , Long Tianxin , Yang Juwei , Cai Chi , Gu Min , Niu Hongxia , Hua Wei
Published: July 2024

Background

The combined association of physical activity (PA) and alcohol use (AU) with long-term mortality is yet to be investigated.

Methods

For the current study, 12,621 participants aged ≥ 20 years were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004). The study endpoint was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the combined effect of PA and AU on long-term mortality.

Results

The study population was divided into young (< 60 years, N = 8,258) and old (≥ 60 years, N = 4,363) groups. The median follow-up time was 203 months. In both young and old group, sedentary lifestyle combined with even minimal AU were associated with elevated risk of death (all P < 0.05). In young group, the integration of high volume AU with any degree of PA, including sedentary PA (HR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.24–4.44, P = 0.009), low PA (HR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.01–2.68, P = 0.047), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (HR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.03–3.84, P = 0.041), was associated with an increased risk of mortality. This relationship persisted as significant after adjusting for potential confounders (all P < 0.05). In old group, combining moderate-to-vigorous PA and low volume AU (HR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.94, P = 0.027) was associated with a reduction in mortality. After adjustment, the combination of moderate-to-vigorous PA and low volume AU was independently associated with favorable prognostic outcomes (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

In both age groups, combining sedentary lifestyle with even minimal AU was a risk factor for death. In young group, combining any level of PA with high volume AU was associated with increased mortality. In old group, combining moderate-to-vigorous PA with low volume AU was related to reduced mortality.
Global burden and cross-country inequalities in stroke and subtypes attributable to diet from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Chen Xian , Zheng Jia , Wang Jianying , Wang Hongping , Shi Hui , Jiang Hongwei , Shan Pengfei , Liu Qiang
Published: July 2024

Data sources

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2019.

Background

To describe burden, and to explore cross-country inequalities according to socio-demographic index (SDI) for stroke and subtypes attributable to diet.

Methods

Death and years lived with disability (YLDs) data and corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were estimated by year, age, gender, location and SDI. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the connections between age-standardized rates (ASRs) of death, YLDs, their EAPCs and SDI. We used ARIMA model to predict the trend. Slope index of inequality (SII) and relative concentration index (RCI) were utilized to quantify the distributive inequalities in the burden of stroke.

Results

A total of 1.74 million deaths (56.17% male) and 5.52 million YLDs (55.27% female) attributable to diet were included in the analysis in 2019.Between 1990 and 2019, the number of global stroke deaths and YLDs related to poor diet increased by 25.96% and 74.76% while ASRs for death and YLDs decreased by 42.29% and 11.34% respectively. The disease burden generally increased with age. The trends varied among stroke subtypes, with ischemic stroke (IS) being the primary cause of YLDs and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) being the leading cause of death. Mortality is inversely proportional to SDI (R = -0.45, p < 0.001). In terms of YLDs, countries with different SDIs exhibited no significant difference (p = 0.15), but the SII changed from 38.35 in 1990 to 45.18 in 2019 and the RCI showed 18.27 in 1990 and 24.98 in 2019 for stroke. The highest ASRs for death and YLDs appeared in Mongolia and Vanuatu while the lowest of them appeared in Israel and Belize, respectively. High sodium diets, high red meat consumption, and low fruit diets were the top three contributors to stroke YLDs in 2019.

Discussion

The burden of diet-related stroke and subtypes varied significantly concerning year, age, gender, location and SDI. Countries with higher SDIs exhibited a disproportionately greater burden of stroke and its subtypes in terms of YLDs, and these disparities were found to intensify over time. To reduce disease burden, it is critical to enforce improved dietary practices, with a special emphasis on mortality drop in lower SDI countries and incidence decline in higher SDI countries.
Surgical outcome of pediatric abdominal trauma at Tertiary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, a 3-year retrospective study
Authors: Molla Yohannis Derbew , Mekonnen Desyibelew Chanie , Beza Andinet Desalegn , Alemu Hirut Tesfahun , Gebrehana Deresse Abebe
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Abdominal trauma in children is a significant health concern that often leads to severe complications and even death. Children experience trauma more frequently than adults, with approximately one in four pediatric patients suffering from serious abdominal injuries. Falls are the leading cause of such trauma among children, which is intriguing considering that most hospital admissions for pediatric abdominal injuries result from blunt force impacts.

Method

A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of medical records was conducted to examine all patients under the age of 16 who underwent exploratory laparotomy for abdominal trauma between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2023. The clinical data were gathered using a data extraction sheet from each patient’s medical charts. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, injury mechanisms, clinical conditions at the initial presentation, intraoperative findings and complications, and patient outcomes were collected.

Results

The study involved a total of 90 patients, consisting of 72 males (80%) and 18 females (20%). The average age of the patients was 10, with a standard deviation of 4.7, ranging from 2 to 16 years. Half of the patients were below the age of 10, accounting for 46 individuals (51%). The causes of the injuries varied among patients below and above the age of 10. However, overall, bullet injuries were the most common cause, accounting for 28 cases (31%), followed by falls in 21 cases (23.3%), horse or donkey kicks in 10 cases (11.1%), stab injuries in 10 cases (11.1%), horn injuries in 7 cases (7.8%), and road traffic accidents in 6 cases (6.7%). Physical assault, blasts, and other types of injuries, such as hen bites and metal rod injuries, were observed in 8 cases (8.9%) of the patients. Fall accidents, horse or donkey kicks, and horn injuries were particularly more common among children below the age of 10, while bullet injuries and stab injuries were most common among those above the age of 10.

Conclusion

Following abdominal trauma in children, a range of complications may arise, including immediate issues such as infections and hemorrhaging, as well as long-term consequences like impaired organ functionality and psychological distress. In our region, young children are particularly vulnerable to accidents involving falls, kicks from horses or donkeys, and injuries caused by horns. Therefore, it is crucial to educate parents about these hazards. Additionally, providing appropriate guidance on firearm safety is essential for individuals who possess such weapons.
Relationships between nine neuropsychiatric disorders and cervical cancer: insights from genetics, causality and shared gene expression patterns
Authors: Li Jie , Qi Jie , Zhang Junqin , Zhang Yuan , Huang Xianghua
Published: July 2024

Background

Neuropsychiatric disorders and cervical cancer exert substantial influences on women’s health. Furthermore, neuropsychiatric disorders frequently manifest as common symptoms in cancer patients, potentially increasing the risk of malignant neoplasms. This study aimed to identify neuropsychiatric disorders that are genetically and causally related to cervical cancer and to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations.

Methods

GWAS data related to nine neuropsychiatric disorders, namely, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, Parkinson’s disease, anxiety, Alzheimer’s disease, mood disorders, depression, and alcohol dependence, were obtained to calculate heritability (h2) and genetic correlation (rg) with cervical cancer using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of the two cohorts was employed to assess the causal effects. Shared gene expression pattern analysis was subsequently conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying these significant associations.

Results

Anxiety, mood disorders, depression, and alcohol dependence were genetically correlated with cervical cancer (all adjustedP < 0.05). Only depression was causally related to cervical cancer in both the discovery (ORIVW: 1.41,PIVW= 0.02) and replication cohorts (ORIVW: 1.80,PIVW= 0.03) in the MR analysis. Gene expression pattern analysis revealed that 270 genes related to depression and cervical cancer, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF), were significantly upregulated in cervical cancer patients, while vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were associated with prognosis in cervical cancer patients (allP < 0.05). These overlapping genes implicated the involvement of multiple biological mechanisms, such as neuron death, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, and human papillomavirus infection.

Conclusions

Genetic, causal and molecular evidence indicates that depression increases the risk of cervical cancer. The TNF, VEGFA, JUN, and IGF-1 genes and the neuron death, PI3K-Akt, and human papillomavirus infection signalling pathways may possibly explain this association.
Incorporating patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) into a clinical quality registry (CQR) for ovarian cancer: considerations and challenges
Authors: Lefkovits Yael R , Heriot Natalie , Sporik Alice , Perera Sharnel , Friedlander Michael , Dixon Cyril , Cohen Paul A , Lee Yeh Chen , Hyde Simon , Richardson Gary , Webb Penelope , Rome Robert , King Madeleine , Zalcberg John , Schofield Penelope
Published: July 2024

As medical treatment increasingly focuses on improving health-related quality of life, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are an essential component of clinical research. The National Gynae-Oncology Registry (NGOR) is an Australian clinical quality registry. A suitable PROM was required for the NGOR ovarian cancer module to complement clinical outcomes and provide insights into outcomes important to patients. Our narrative review aimed to identify existing ovarian cancer-specific PROMs and ascertain which tool would be most appropriate for implementation into the NGOR ovarian cancer module.

A literature review of Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE and PubMed databases was performed to identify existing ovarian cancer-specific PROM tools. A steering committee was convened to (1) determine the purpose of, and criteria for our required PROM; and (2) to review the available tools against the criteria and recommend the most appropriate one for implementation within the NGOR.

The literature review yielded five tools: MOST, EORTC QLQ-OV28, FACIT-O, NFOSI-18 and QOL-OVCA. All were developed and validated for use in clinical trials, but none had been validated for use in clinical quality registry. Our expert steering committee pre-determined purpose of a PROM tool for use within the NGOR was to enable cross-service comparison and benchmarking to drive quality improvements. They identified that while there was no ideal, pre-existing, ovarian cancer-specific PROM tool for implementation into the NGOR, on the basis of its psychometric properties, its available translations, its length and its ability to be adapted, the EORTC tool is most fit-for-purpose for integration into the NGOR.

This process enabled identification of the tool most appropriate to provide insights into how ovarian cancer treatments impact patients’ quality of life and permit benchmarking across health services.