bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classical insect biocontrol in North America, 1985 to 2018: a pest control strategy that is dying out?
Authors: Van Driesche Roy , Winston Rachel L. , Duan Jian J.
Published: June 2020

This review is a summary of a new catalog on the use of classical biological control of arthropods in North America since 1985. In this new catalog, we reviewed releases since 1985 of exotic parasitoids and predaceous insects for classical biocontrol of invasive insects in Canada, Mexico, the continental USA, and U.S. overseas areas. Here, we summarize the catalog and extract trends in usage and success. Trends measured included numbers of agents released, numbers established, numbers having a positive impact on the target pests, and numbers of projects initiated, which allow readers to determine if use of this method of insect control has increased, declined, or held steady over the studied period. These trends provide understanding of the social relationship between countries and this form of pest control and how it has changed over time. During this period, there were 208 parasitoid releases (=species × country or overseas U.S. area) compared to 29 for predators. Of these parasitoid releases, 112 (53.8%) resulted in establishment, and 57 (27.4%) controlled the target pest partially or completely. Most releases occurred in the USA, and we calculated trends for parasitoids per 5-year period. From 1985 to 2018, numbers of parasitoids released (counting the continental USA, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, Marianna Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands separately) declined per 5-year interval from 52 to 7, an 86.5% reduction. The percentage of newly released parasitoids that established increased from 42 to 71%, a 1.7-fold increase, but the number of newly established parasitoid species that reduced their target pests declined from 73 to 40%. Also, the number of new projects initiated per 5-year period decreased from 31 to 5, an 84% decrease. The percentage of projects reducing their target pests showed no strong trend: 1985–1989, 42% vs. 2010–2014, 60%. Chalcidoids were most effective; of 119 chalcidoid releases, 76 (63.9%) established, and 45 (37.8%) reduced their target pests. Chalcidoids, based on available literature host records, were not more specific than less effective groups, despite the view that higher efficacy would be associated with greater host-specificity. The predominance of chalcidoids is likely due to their frequent use against scales, whiteflies, mealybugs, aphids, and psyllids, which are tightly associated with live plants, tend to be moved frequently internationally, and often become agricultural pests in areas where they are introduced.
Effects of wearing a full body compression garment during recovery from an ultra‐trail race
Authors: Martínez‐Navarro Ignacio , Aparicio Inma , Priego‐Quesada Jose Ignacio , Pérez‐Soriano Pedro , Collado Eladio , Hernando Barbara , Hernando Carlos
Published: June 2020

In sport disciplines with high levels of muscle damage such as an ultra‐trail competition, full body compression garments (FBCG) may have an ergogenic effect during the recovery process. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of FBCG worn for 24 h immediately after a 107‐km ultra‐trail on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), muscle damage, inflammatory and renal response. Thirty‐two athletes (19 males and 13 females; VO2peak: 54.1 ± 5.2 ml O2/kg/min) participated in the study. The following blood markers were analysed before, immediately after, at 24 and 48 h post‐race: lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, C‐reactive protein and creatinine. The glomerular filtration rate was also calculated. Delayed onset muscle soreness was evaluated before, immediately after and at 24 h post‐race. On arrival at the finishing line, athletes were randomised into one of two recovery groups (FBCG and control group). The results showed that wearing FBCG did not influence the evolution of any of the blood markers up to 48 h after the race (p > .05). However, FBCG group presented a lower increase in posterior leg DOMS (11.0 ± 46.2% vs 112.3 ± 170.4%, p = .03, d = 0.8). Therefore, although FBCG is not useful for reducing muscle damage and inflammatory response after an ultra‐trail race, its use may still be recommended as a recovery method to reduce muscle soreness.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03990259.
Cost-effective green synthesis of CuO nanorods for phenol sensor
Authors: Purwidyantri A , Prabowo B A , Karina M , Srikandace Y , Nuraditya A , Taufik Y
Published: June 2020

Green synthesis of a versatile metal oxide CuO nanorods (CuO NR) using the lemon extract for phenol sensor platform is presented. Carried out in a simple calcination process, the Citrus limon, L, noted to be greatly rich in organic acids, especially citric acid, successfully performed the reducing and capping capabilities in the reaction with copper sulphate pentahydrate precursor with maintained pH condition. The eco-friendly technique has been effective for the uniform and large scale production of CuO NR with the nanorod length and diameter of ∼3.5 µm and ∼100 nm, respectively. The presence of citric acid natural reductant and the generated nanorods structure was verified through Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. In electrochemical sensor characterization, the fabricated CuO NR showed outstanding stability in a series of scan rates with the notable electro-active site on its interface. The fabricated CuO NR was shown to hold the potency in the screening of phenol, a toxic compound prevalently found in the environment. A distinguished redox peak was successfully captured in cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis for phenolic compound detection.
Effect of chitin addition on water resistance properties of starch-based bioplastic properties
Authors: Dawam Abdullah A H , Fikriyyah A K , Furghoniyyah U
Published: June 2020

In this study, the fabrication of starch-based bioplastics and the addition of chitin have been prepared. Bioplastics were produced by mixing starch, glycerol and chitin at various concentrations (1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 % w/w) through the melting process at 130 °C. Chitin affected bioplastic characteristics especially on its water barrier property. Morphological structures of bioplastics showed that chitin flakes attached to bioplastics. Moreover, FTIR observation showed that interaction between starch and chitin marked by amide group appearances at 1656 cm−1 and 1551 cm−1. Then, DSC analysis revealed that chitin involved melting temperature insignificantly by raising chitin concentration from 90 °C (0 % chitin) up to 97 °C (4 % chitin). Although the addition of chitin derived slightly the tensile strength and elongation at break, it improved hydrophobicity of bioplastics from 37.54° (0 % chitin) up to 74.97° (4 % chitin). Permeability of bioplastics decreased from 0.0206 g/m2/2h/mmHg (0 % chitin) to 0.0173 g/m2/2h/mmHg (3 % chitin). Eventually, chitin improves the water barrier property of bioplastics.
Production of bacterial cellulose from tofu liquid waste and rice-washed water: morphological property and its functional groups analysis
Authors: Apriyana A Y , Andriani D , Karina M
Published: June 2020

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is one of the biopolymers which has a wide range of application, from medical purposes to electrical components. Previous studies show that BC could be produced from agricultural, food, and industrial waste. In this study, two kinds of liquid waste were utilized as the substrates for Komagataibacter xylinus to produce BC, namely tofu liquid waste, and rice-washed water. The structure of BC was determined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The tofu liquid waste resulted higher yield after 15 days of fermentation compared to the rice-washed water. Furthermore, the FTIR spectra of both BC displayed the similar pattern as the standard cellulose. To conclude, this study revealed that both tofu liquid waste and rice-washed water were potential to be used as the production media for BC.
The effect of sodium hypochlorite concentration on extraction of poly-β-hidroxy-butyrate (PHB) produced from soil bacteria Burkholderia sp B37
Authors: Ratnaningrum D , Endah E S , Saraswaty V , Priatni S , Lisdiyanti P , Abdullah A H D , Purnomo A , Pudjiraharti S
Published: June 2020

Burkholderiasp., a soil bacterium, is a poly-hydroxy-butyrate (PHB) producer. A study reported that sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) is very effective and immediate to lysis the cell wall of bacteria. However, no data available on the effect of NaOCl concentration on extraction of PHB produced fromBurkholderiasp. B37. We therefore aimed to evaluate the effect of NaOCl concentrations (2.5, 5, and 12.5 % v/v) on the extractability of produced PHB fromBurkholderiasp. B37. The PHB production was carried out in the Ramsay’s minimal medium. The PHB extracted were purified and identified by Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) then further evaluated for its physicochemical characteristics including surface morphology, functional group properties by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermal characteristic. The results showed that NaOCl facilitates the extraction of produced PHB byBurkholderiasp. B37. The concentration of NaOCl influenced on the extractability of PHB and the surface morphology of purified PHB obviously displayed cleaner surface area when 12.5 % v/v of NaOCl was applied. The FTIR and thermal analysis showed no change detected on the functional group properties and full degradation of purified PHB. However, more works are needed to optimize the yield of PHB recovered.
Exploration of coffee bean husks waste as an eco-environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor on mild steel in sulphuric acid solutions
Authors: Gusti D R , Lestari I , Permana E , Anggraini R
Published: June 2020

Coffee bean husks waste contains chemical compounds such as tannins and flavonoids. These compounds are known to inhibit corrosion. Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.75 M H2SO4 has been investigated using the presence and absence of coffee bean husk extract (CBHE). The effect of inhibition efficiency and corrosion rate on extract concentration and immersion duration was studied using the method of weight loss. The inhibition efficiency increases and the corrosion rate decreases with increasing immersion time and the concentration of CBHE. The corrosion inhibition efficiency was obtained 97.54 % obtained at 72 hours immersion and addition of CBHE 10 g/L. Steel surface adsorption was examined by SEM and FTIR spectroscopy. CBHE is recommended as a good inhibitor.
Effect of basalt mineral concentration as PCC cement substitution material on mortar products
Authors: Amin M , Sudibyo  , Ordiana A , Karo Karo P
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to study the effect of variations in the weight concentration of basalt minerals as a PCC type cement substitution material for mortar products. The basalt powder used was able to escape from the mesh size mesh of 325 and 400. In this work, the weight of PCC cement concentration was varied from 10, 20, 30, and 40 %. The analysis shows that the basalt qualifies as a cement or pozzolan substitution material based on ASTM C618 with SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 of 80.116 % and the basalt diffractogram pattern shows the basalt dominant phases namely Anorthite, Augite, Forsterite, and Quarts or Silicon Oxide. The highest compressive strength in PCC cement mortar was at the mesh size of basalt of 400 reached 4.8 MPa followed by a percentage of specific gravity of 2.6444 gr/cm3, fuel shrinkage of 3.17 %, the porosity of 1.23 % and absorption of 9,53 %. While the compressive strength of PCC cement mortar no.325 basalt mesh powder reached 4.6 MPa followed by the percentage of specific gravity of 2.4444 gr/cm3, fuel shrinkage of 3 %, the porosity of 1.33 %, and absorption of 10.05 %. The dominant phase is in the PCC type mortar, namely CASH, quartz, calcite, and portlandite.
The effect of ferromanganese slag and basalt concentration on the composite mortar products
Authors: Sudibyo  , Amin M , Noviani D , Syafriadi
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to study the effect of the concentration of ferromanganese slag and basalt as an additive material for the cement to produce the mortar composite. The mesh size of slag and basalt powder were varied from 325 to 400. Meanwhile, the PCC cement weights were varied from 10 to 40 % of the weight. The physical-chemical analysis shown that the slag and basalt have quality as a cement or pozzolan additive based on ASTM C618. The important content in the slag is 25.889 % of SiO2, 16.938 % of Al2O2, and 25.420 % of Fe2O3. Meanwhile in the basalt containing SiO2 of 48.463 %, Al2O2 of 20.143 %, and Fe2O3 of 11.510 %. Based on the physical test of cement on compressive strength that has been carried out for 325 mesh and 400 mesh samples, the results show that the compressive strength with the addition of slag and basalt powder has a higher value of compressive strength compared to normal mortar. The highest value of compressive strength was for 325 mesh at a concentration of 10 % at 45.2 Mpa and 400 mesh for the concentration of 10 % at 1.74 MPa. Whereas for standard mortar the compressive strength is 0.848 MPa. The results of XRF characterization can be determined by the presence of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and CaO oxides.
Analysis of the effect of temperature on the reduction roasting process of Lampung manganese ore using palm kernel shell charcoal
Authors: Suharto  , Nurjaman F , Shofi A , Sudibyo  , Milandia A , Rismananda M H
Published: June 2020

Lampung Province has many manganese ore resources that have not been fully utilized. According to Indonesian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources regulation no. 5 of 2017, manganese ore is prohibited from being exported before the ore is processed into a concentrate with 49% manganese content. The type of mineral contained in manganese ore used in this experiment is pyrolusite (MnO2). The method used to improve the Mn content used in this experiment is to reduce roasting. The reducing agent in this experiment is 25% palm kernel. The roasting process is carried out at 1000 °C, 1100 °C and 1200 °C. Meanwhile, the holding time varies from 30 to 150 minutes. The results obtained from baking are characterized using XRF to determine the final product content. XRD and SEM-EDS are used for the result identification phase. The highest content of manganese was 41.28% by weight obtained after baked at 1100 °C for 120 minutes with the formed phase being Mn2SiO4.
Crustaceous wastes as growth substrates for insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium majus UICC 295
Authors: Oetari A , Khodijah N A , Sumandari O , Wijaya C K , Yama G S , Sjamsuridzal W
Published: June 2020

The genus Metarhizium consists of a diverse group of species, which have a global distribution and a wide range of insect hosts. Metarhizium majus was reported to inflict 100 % mortality on Oryctes rhinoceros beetle. Feeding activity of the O. rhinoceros beetle causes major crop loss in many coconut and palm oil plantations. This study investigated the use of crustaceous wastes and colloidal chitin as substrates for Metarhizium majus UICC 295 and the fungal virulence on O. rhinoceros larvae. Morphology of M. majus was observed on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Yeast Extract (SDAY) added with 5, 10, and 15 % (w/v) powder prepared from crab shell, green mussel shell, shrimp shell, or colloidal chitin and without addition as control. Fungal cultures in 10 % (w/v) crustaceous wastes or colloidal chitin were selected and virulence of M. majus UICC 295 was assayed by dripping the larvae with cell suspension. Untreated larvae were dripped with sterile distilled water and served as control. Mortality was recorded daily for 15 days. Fungal culture prepared from powder of colloidal chitin, green mussel shell and crab shell inflicted 100 % larval mortality in 10, 12, and 13 days, respectively, compared to fungal culture prepared from SDAY in 11 days.
Potential of organic waste from Caringin Central Market as raw material for biogas and compost
Authors: Butar-Butar E S , Mutiara  , Priantoro E A , Sembiring T
Published: June 2020

Caringin Central Market is a traditional market in Bandung which is managed by the private party. This market produces approximately 84 tons of waste per day. The waste management system used is the 3P system (Pengumpulan, Pengangkutan, dan Pembuangan) including Collection, Transport, and Disposal of waste. The operational cost for this system is relatively high, which is IDR 55,440,000 per day. Therefore a study to investigate the potential utilization of organic waste from Caringin Central Market as raw material for biogas and compost is necessarily needed to be conducted. The research method used for this study is a field survey to collect primary and secondary data. The methodology is based on the National Standard of Indonesia (SNI 19-3964-1995) for waste sampling to study the waste characteristics and generation. This study is conducted in a temporary disposal site in Caringin Central Market. The results showed that the utilization of organic waste from the Caringin Central Market as raw material could potentially produce 6,272 m3 of biogas and 4.2 tons of mature compost.
Effect of Rhizopus azygosporus UICC 539 growth on the nutrient content of sterile slurry and palm kernel cake mixtures at different temperature
Authors: Aurelia L , Oetari A , Sjamsuridzal W
Published: June 2020

This study reported the effect ofRhizopus azygosporusUICC 539 growth on the sterile slurry and palm kernel cake (PKC), and analysis of the nutrient content of the waste mixtures. The fungus showed good growth on Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) at temperature range of 30 to 50 °C, and could not grow at 55 °C. Inoculum was prepared from fungal culture in Potato Sucrose Broth (PSB) by still fermentation at 30 and 40 °C for 5 days. Sterile slurry and PKC (3:1) in Petri dishes (diameter 9 cm) were prepared and solid-state fermentation was carried out using inoculum (10 %, v/v) at 30 and 40 °C, and incubated for 5 days.Rhizopus azygosporusUICC 539 showed good growth and increased cell numbers on sterile waste mixtures. Effect of fungal growth on the nutrient content of the waste mixtures was observed by comparing the treatment and control. There was an increase in the moisture and ash content, and a decrease in protein content, total calorie and carbohydrate content. There was no change of the calorie from fat and total fat content compared to the control.
Utilization of rice husk (Oryza sativa) for amorphous biosilica (SiO2) production as a bacterial attachment
Authors: Sriwuryandari L , Priantoro E A , Janetasari S A , Butar Butar E S , Sembiring T
Published: June 2020

Rice husk as a by-product of the rice milling process has not been utilized optimally. The yield of rice husk waste continues to increase from year to year, considering that Indonesia is the third largest rice producer in the world. Rice husk has a fairly large silica content; therefore, rice husk is widely used as an alternative source of silica. The purpose of this study is to synthesize silica from rice husk and analyse its characteristics. The research method used in silica isolation was carried out by non-thermal and thermal methods. Non-thermal method for removal of inorganic compounds and hydrolysis of organic compounds by acidic solutions (HCl), while the thermal method is carried out by burning rice husks at a temperature of 500 °C to produce rice husk ash. The resulting rice husk ash was processed by the sol-gel method. The resulting silica was determined of its morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), composition, and structure with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results obtained in this study were white silica with a yield of 84.782%. Biosilica produced is then mixed with certain bacteria, either Serratia sp or Bacilus pumilus. Then, the attachment of bacteria was evaluated by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy).
Evaluation of hospital infectious waste management (HIWM) implementation based on applicable regulations in Bandung
Authors: Fitria N , Damanhuri E , Salami I R S
Published: June 2020

Infectious waste from health facilities has been characterized to be a hazardous waste that required a proper management. However, the implementation of infectious waste management in healthcare facilities has been conducted improperly and caused infectious diseases spread in developing countries. Some studies that have developed on infectious waste management were qualitative in nature, and it has not yet been measured the percentage value of hospital infectious waste management was in accordance with applicable regulations. The higher percentage value, showed the better management and handling of infectious waste in a hospital. The aim of this research was to evaluate the percentage value of hospitals infectious waste management (HIWM) compliance with Indonesian regulation of HIWM. The data were obtained from 7 hospitals in Bandung area, with checklist method according to the Minister of Environment Regulation No. p.56, 2015. The standard checklist of regulation consist 9 process of HIMW such as : (1) standard operational procedure (SOP); (2) Segregation; (3) Collection; (4) Transport; (5) Storage; (6) Monitoring of generation infectious solid waste/weighing; (7) Human resources due to preventive action/worker protective; (8) Contingency plans; and (9) Disposal process, from 9 HIWM process contain 63 items standard of HIWM. From the analysis data, it was known that the percentage of compliance of the HIWM to the regulation was not caused by the type of hospital and the type of hospital ownership significantly, but rather focuses on the HIWM management process. From 7 hospitals in Bandung area, the compliance only meets 58.5 % comparing to 100 % assessment score. ANOVA analysis showed the types of hospital gave the significant effect on percentage values of HIWM (p < 0.05). It is proposed that every hospital should make some evaluations for the hospital infectious waste management to improve the quality of HIWM.
Ecology and sociology analysis for mineral resources management in Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat T , Fitrianingrum L , Suharto  , Sudibyo
Published: June 2020

Mineral resources should be an important resource in supporting the Indonesian economy. However, equal welfare has not been felt by the people of Indonesia for seventy-four years of management of abundant mineral resources. People often oppose the management of mineral resources. These facts show problems in managing mineral resources in Indonesia. One of the problems examined in this study is the sociological aspects of the management of mineral resources in Indonesia. This research uses descriptive qualitative method by collecting data through observation and documentation. It can be concluded from this study that: (1) the inadequate mastery of mineral technology in Indonesia causes the management of mineral resources to be suboptimal, (2) Management of mineral resources that is not optimal results in low state revenues from the management of mineral resources, (3) Management of mineral resources opens employment opportunities and increases the escalation of conflict in the surrounding community as well, (4) Management of mineral resources causes environmental damage and health problems for the surrounding community, and (5) The contribution of the management of mineral resources to the economic improvement of the surrounding community is considered insignificant.
Techno-economic analysis of an optimized hybrid energy system implementation using PV-wind turbine-diesel generator at Indonesia’s remote telecommunication base
Authors: Dinata M M M , Mardiana V A , Mitayani A , Nurkahfi G N
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, the implementation of the telecommunications industry in Indonesia should be encouraged to be more environmentally friendly, especially the source of electrification for base stations whose numbers are increasing every year. The purpose is not only to reduce CO2emissions, but also how these efforts are made to reduce cost of electricity (CoE) so that it can improve operator’s operational cost efficiency. On this paper, author analyzed the implementation of a hybrid energy system plus (HES+) in Indonesia, which in addition to using solar panels is also optimized by adding wind turbines to areas that have proper wind speeds. Design, identifying the potential geographical location, calculation and sizing for optimized hybrid energy system is the major part of this study. Therefore, the calculation result for the CoE of base station could be as accurate as possible. It is also found that with HES+ installed, telecommunication operator has improved energy efficiency, reduced OPEX and minimized greenhouse gases with reducing 50 Ton of CO2emission per site per year.
Simple water quality observations in Cikapundung River from upstream to downstream to determine the quality
Authors: Janetasari S A , Hamidah U , Widyarani  , Sintawardani N
Published: June 2020

Cikapundung River is located through Bandung City, it’s one of stream which flow to Citarum Watershed. Several studies on conservation modelling and planning have been carried out, but there are uncompleted data about water quality of Cikapundung River, therefore study on water quality assessment is required. Data was collected in 26 points starting from upstream in Maribaya and ends in the downstream in Bojongsoang, Bandung City. Parameters that recorded are pH, temperature, conductivity and dissolved oxygen (DO). Result showed that DO levels begin to drop under 5 mg/L in 17000 meters or 17 kilometers from a upstream, the increasing of human activity of this point influenced the level of dissolved oxygen in the surface water, pH ranged from 6.7 to 9.67, while conductivity range about 66 to 410 µS/cm. Sampling locations and land use was determining factors that influenced dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and conductivity values, while climate affects temperatures around the sampling point.
Photoreduction of palladium nanoparticles on ZnO nanorods for enhancing photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue
Authors: Syampurwadi A , Primadona I , Fauzia V , Isnaeni
Published: June 2020

The high recombination rate of zinc oxide (ZnO) limits its photocatalytic activity and performance. Depositing noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) onto ZnO nanorods (NRs) is a promising approach that could facilitate interfacial charge-transfer processes, thereby increasing its photocatalytic activity. Generally, silver and gold NPs are used in conventional powdered structure, but in this work, due to the unique chemical and optical properties, palladium (Pd) NPs were utilized. Pd NPs were successfully deposited onto the surface of ZnO NRs by photoreduction process using a UV (365 nm) and a simulated solar light (Xe lamp). Irradiation by a Xe lamp produced a high number of Pd NPs with a particle size average of 52 nm. Compared to the pristine of ZnO NRs, the modified Pd/ZnO NRs (Xe) enhanced the photocatalytic activity about 21 %. This improvement might be due to the effect of Pd NPs that increase the light absorbance and the number of free radicals to degrade the methylene blue structure.
The encapsulation of Lactobacillus casei probiotic bacteria based on sodium alginate and chitosan
Authors: Djaenudin  , Budianto E , Saepudin E , Nasir M
Published: June 2020

Chitosan is a polysaccharide that can be used as a material in the encapsulation of probiotic bacteria. The process of bacterial encapsulation with chitosan polymers was carried out to protect the Lactobacillus casei bacteria which cannot last long in very acidic environments so that they can survive when exposed to gastric acid conditions and can live in the intestine. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of extrusion voltage on the survivability of L. casei bacteria in the encapsulation process. The encapsulation process in this study was carried out by the extrusion-emulsion method using a sodium alginate of 1 % (w/v) and chitosan of 0.2 % (w/v) and voltage variations of 0 kV, 10 kV and 20 kV. The resulting beads were immersed in a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) (NaCl 0.2 %; HCl 0.5 M with a pH of 1.5) for 0, 60 and 120 minutes at 37 °C. The number of L. casei cells before encapsulation was 1 × 109 cfu/mL. After encapsulation with voltage variations of 0 kV, 10 kV and 20 kV, the viability of probiotics were 2.6 × 108 cfu/g, 1 × 107 cfu/g, and 1 × 103 cfu/g, respectively. After testing the beads in SGF, the obtained results indicated that viability of L.casei in the sodium alginate - chitosan beads with an extrusion voltage of 0 kV were 20,300 cfu/g, 10 kV were 30 cfu/g and 20 kV were 0 cfu/g. The results of these studies indicated that survivability of L. casei in the sodium alginate - chitosan beads with a voltage of 0 kV indicates the highest survivability level of 51.19 % of the number of cells encapsulated after incubation in SGF and the higher voltage can kill more L. casei.
Determination and characterization of titanium in environmental waters and sludges
Authors: Pratiwi A I W , Idzni F , Dara F , Nugraha W C , Indriyati  , Nasir M , Syampurwadi A , Primadona I
Published: June 2020

By increasing the development of nanotechnology in recent times, there have been many commercial products contain nanomaterials. Type of nanomaterials that most widely used is Titanium dioxide (TiO2). These nanomaterials have been applied in various types of products, such as paints, cosmetics, etc. Unlike organic and inorganic pollutants, study and characterization of metal nanoparticle (NP) contaminants, such as TiO2 NP, have never been done in any part of Indonesia. Therefore, given the greater source of NP contaminants plus their long-term negative effects, it is deemed necessary to identify and characterize them in Indonesia. For the first case, Identification and characterization of TiO2 NP were performed in sludge and wastewater of paint and cosmetic company in the area of West Bandung district. Furthermore, the sludge and surface water of Saguling Reservoir and Cipeusing River were also analysed. Morphological and size analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analyser (PSA) revealed that most samples have NPs with a sphere shape; however, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was only able to confirm the presence of titanium (Ti) element in sludge samples. Quantification of Ti (all ascribed to TiO2 NPs) in wastewater and sludge was done by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS) with high precision and accuracy. The results implied that Ti was accumulated higher in the sludge than in the water samples at the same sampling location.
Nanocomposites of polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer-functionalized carbon nanotubes prepared by electrospinning method
Authors: Indriyati  , Primadona I , Dara F , Syampurwadi A , Nasir M
Published: June 2020

Electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENM) have been utilized in varied applications like filters, sensors, scaffolds for tissue engineering, electronics and so on. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) copolymer nanofiber was reinforced with functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNT) via electrospinning method with N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent. To ensure the dispersion of f-MWCNT in polymer solution, it was sonicated prior to addition of PVDF copolymer into the dispersion. The results showed that tensile strength and elongation at break increased by 9 % and 79 %, respectively, with the addition of f-MWCNT, when compared to pure PVDF copolymer nanofiber web. Incorporated f-MWCNT into PVDF copolymer nanofiber also resulted in an increase in the average nanofiber diameter from 312 nm to 445 nm but decrease the hydrophobicity. FTIR spectra and XRD pattern confirmed the increase of PVDF β-phase structure as the results of electrospinning process and addition of MWCNT.
Magnetite Fe3O4-activated carbon composite as adsorbent of rhodamine B dye
Authors: Lestari I , Kurniawan E , Gusti D R , Yusnelti
Published: June 2020

Magnetite-Fe3O4 and activated carbon composite adsorbent was prepared by co-precipitation and used as an adsorbent for Rhodamine B dyes. Composite adsorbents were characterized by VSM, BET, XRD, SEM and FTIR techniques. Characterization of Fe3O4 magnetite activated carbon composite with VSM has a magnetic degree of 15.53 emu/mg. Measurement of surface area using BET obtained surface area of 520 m2/g, whereas XRD diffractogram showed a diffraction peak pattern at 20.2°; 30.2°; 35.5°; 43.2°; and 57°. The surface morphology of composite adsorbents with SEM is granular with magnetite coated by activated carbon. FTIR spectra show some functional groups that are on the surface of the composite such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl groups. Adsorption of Rhodamine B dyes was obtained at pH 3 with an adsorption capacity of 0.71 mg/g, contact time of 150 minutes with an adsorption capacity of 0.72 mg/g, initial concentration of Rhodamine B was 25 mg/L with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2.19 mg/g.
Pier Luigi Nervi and the School of Italian Engineering: Science or the Art of Building?
Authors: Raffaella Maddaluno
Published: June 2020

The recent and painful event of the collapse of the Riccardo Morandi bridge in Genoa has brought to light in international debates what, in the second half of the 1900s, was recognized as the School of Italian Engineering. The sixties mark a pinnacle in the relationship between technical and scientific studies, the evolution of infrastructural networks, and a specific attention to the importance of form in the final result of engineering works. The Stadio Flaminio, designed by Pier Luigi Nervi (1891-1979) on the occasion of the 1960 Olympics, internationalized an engineering approach that can be identified as made in Italy. This paper aims to analyse, starting from a charismatic figure like Nervi, what the characters of this identity are and if, in light of recent failures, we can talk about a school.
Parametric Modeling of Flat Rod Structures
Authors: Stefańska Anna , Rokicki Wieslaw
Published: June 2020

Thanks to the use of advanced digital tools and the achievements of knowledge encompassing numerous fields of science including mathematics, computer science, and even genetics, architects now have the means to create multi-variant design solutions. The quantifiable benefits of interdisciplinary design are increasingly recognized within the field of architecture. As a result, a surprising variety of new ideas and designs emerge. These are often the result of advanced material and structural optimization, and their technological qualities become as important as their visual reception. The subject of this research paper is presenting the results of modeling various configurations of flat rod trusses. The aim of the analysis was comparing the efficiency of the use of materials in differently configured trusses, including trusses created via parametric modeling.
Wind Loads of an Irregularly Shaped Tall Building in Warsaw – Eurocode 1 Standard Analysis and Wind Tunnel Testing
Authors: Pietrzak Joanna , Wrona Mariusz , Rokicki Wieslaw
Published: June 2020

This paper analyses wind loads of an irregularly shaped skyscraper in Warsaw. The aim of this study was to compare the results of two methods: analysis conducted according to the Eurocode 1 Standard and wind tunnel testing. The wind pressure distribution on façades and net force values were analysed. In the Eurocode-based analysis, the role played by the form of the building is treated in general terms and the aerodynamic interference with surrounding buildings is not taken into account. The results are characterized by a high design factor of safety. The results of wind tunnel experiments are much more accurate, more reliable, and could be the basis for bassuming lower wind loads.
Examples of the HVAC Systems’ Modernization in the Existing Schools and Kindergartens
Authors: Krawczyk Dorota Anna , Rodero Antonio , Teleszewski Tomasz Janusz
Published: June 2020

The possibility to reduce energy consumption in a group of 30 public, education buildings located in Poland, by improvements in the HVAC systems, was analyzed. The study group included both: primary and secondary schools as well as kindergartens. 14% of evaluated heating systems were found as having a proper efficiency and technical quality, while in a case of 86% changes regarding heat regulation, distribution or generation were recommended. Theoretical reduction of energy for heating could reach a level of 5-18% in buildings with water pipes systems.
Recognition of Nonlinear Hysteretic Behavior by Neural Network using Deep Learning
Authors: Mazda Taiji , Kajita Yukihide , Akedo Takashi , Hazama Tsubasa
Published: June 2020

In Japan, large earthquakes have caused many damages to structures. Cracks in the reinforced concrete and plasticization of the steel bar and steel components resulted in increased damage. In the seismic design, the dynamic response analysis is carried out by using a mathematical model that appropriately evaluates the nonlinearity of the material and the components and the seismic performance is confirmed by performing a dynamic response analysis. However, when applying new materials and components, much time and much effort are required to select a mathematical model. In this study, we focused on the high pattern recognition capability of the neural network. We attempt to directly model using a neural network without replacing the complex nonlinear hysteretic behavior using the mathematical model. By improvement of learning data and introduction of deep learning, it was confirmed that the recognition ability for nonlinear hysteretic behavior of neural network was greatly improved, and its applicability as a numerical operation subroutine for time history response analysis was drastically improved.
Effect of Raft and Column Sizes on the Seismic Soil Structure Interaction Performance of Fifteen Storey Midrise Frame Structures
Authors: Ismail Sahar A. , Kaddah Fouad K. , Raphael Wassim E.
Published: June 2020

Seismic design of structures is usually executed by performing 1D free-field soil response analysis using design spectral acceleration charts given by codes. This method ignores soil structure interaction effects thus affecting structure-foundation-soil system behavior leading to imprecise design. Soil structure interaction refers to the dynamic behavior between the structure, underlying foundation and soil block. To understand the behavior of a 15 storey midrise concrete seismic frame structure rested on raft foundation and founded on silty sandy soil block, 3D nonlinear time history finite element simulations using Abaqus were performed. The effects of raft and column sizes were considered by modeling flexible and fixed based structures. All cases were hit at the bottom by El-Centro (1940) and Northridge (1994) earthquakes. The results were presented in terms of storey lateral deflection, inter-storey drift, shear force, foundation rocking and response spectrum. The results showed that the combination between the structure-foundation-soil natural frequencies along with the soil type used dictate the behavior of the midrise structure as well as SSI effects under the different raft and column sizes used. Therefore, a detailed study considering all above parameters must be performed by engineers to ensure safe and cost-effective designs.
Automatic Detection Method for Large-Volume Embedded Parts Based on Laser Scanning
Authors: Hu Xingyi , Hu Kaixin , Fan Hongbo , Yan Lupeng , Han Daguang , Ying Chunli
Published: June 2020

The embedded part (EMP) is a structural form in a building and plays an important role in the fixation of a structural or a non-structural member. After the initial installation, the popular detection method of the EMPs is to use the total station for single-point diagnosis. Due to the difficulties in point-by-point measurement and feature points selecting, it is sophisticated to ensure accuracy and efficiency in the detection process of large-scale EMPs. In order to solve the above issues, this paper proposes an automatic panel detection method for EMPs: (1) 3D laser scanning is used to obtain the actual coordinates of EMPs; (2) Developed algorithm is made to match the coordinates between design and measured data to calculate construction error; (3) Further use of the optimization algorithm to adjust the attitude of the point cloud, minimize the construction error and give the adjustment guidance of EMPs. A case study indicates that the efficiency is improved by about five times compared to the total station technique, and the number of EMPs need to be adjusted is greatly reduced. This method is of great significance for the high-volume component precision installation project.
Applicability of Using Natural Fibers for Reinforcing Concrete
Authors: El-Nadoury Wegdan W.
Published: June 2020

The demand for applying sustainability in the construction industry increases the necessity of using natural materials in concrete production. Plant-based natural fibers are cost effective renewable materials which considered a potential way to support sustainable development in both urban and rural regions. This paper investigates the potential of using sugarcane bagasse, palm trunk and banana fibers as concrete reinforcement by determining the effect of different volume percentages of these fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete. The percentage of fiber used was 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% for sugarcane, 1%, 2%, and 3% for Palm Trunk, and 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1% for banana. Results showed that the optimum value of sugarcane, and banana is 0.5%, 4% respectively. In addition, the addition of 1%, 2%, and 3% of palm trunk fiber improved the mechanical properties of concrete.
Preliminary Study on the Treatment of Benzene Contaminated Water using an Argon Microwave Plasma Jet
Authors: Casado Enrique , Garc María C. , Krawczyk Dorota A. , Rodero Antonio
Published: June 2020

In this work, the ability of a microwave induced plasma jet to treat water contaminated with benzene was investigated. It studies the formation of hydroxyl (OH) radicals by the plasma jet and reactions between benzene and these radicals, under different experimental conditions (including microwave power and treatment time). Products resulting from the interaction plasma-sample were identified and quantified using Gas Chromatography — Mass Spectrometry (CG-MS) analysis.
Anatomical Kidney Model Fabrication For Ultrasound Simulation Using Direct 3D Printing
Authors: Peng Lujie , Wang Shu
Published: June 2020

With the advance of 3D printing technology showing improvements in increasing number of medical applications, there are more and more 3D kidney model printings emerging in the field. Material selection is an important aspect in 3D printing technology. Having compared many materials, Agilus30 was chosen as our final option due to its high printing accuracy, feasibility to be printed directly and desired ultrasound compatibility. ITK-SNAP 3.6.0, Seg3D and Netfabb2019 were used to segment structures in 3D medical images which were downloaded from embodi website, to smooth the model and to export the model to STL format file respectively. Eventually we printed a whole kidney in Agilus30 using Object500 Connex3 3D printer and two halves kidney in rigid resin using Anycubic 3D printer. Then we used X3-1 3Mhz probe image to get ultrasound result from the Agilus30 model in water to get outer structure and the rigid resin model in paraffin to get inner structure. After validating the result with that of a real kidney ultrasound image, we found the results are in good agreement.
Optical Simulation of Triangular Wired Grid Polarizer for Far Ultraviolet Applications
Authors: Zhao Zhuan , Tessarolo Enrico , Corso Alain J. , Pelizzo Maria G.
Published: June 2020

Polarimetric observations in the far ultraviolet (FUV) are very useful for us to understand the role played by the magnetic field of the coronal plasma in the energy transfer process from the inner parts of the sun to the outer space. To observe these processes there are various key spectral lines in the FUV, from which H I Lyman α (121.6 nm) is the strongest one. We designed and optimized a triangular wire grid polarizer (WGP) based on Al/MgF2 multilayer coatings to obtain high polarization with a simultaneous high Rs. As a result, at incidence angle of 50° and 60° whereas Rp was minimized, this model have a 99.98% and 99.99% degree of polarization with a Rs of 0.32 and 0.69 respectively.
Does MCWASP still follow Moore’s law? Forty years of advances in microstructure modeling
Authors: Rappaz M
Published: June 2020

Over the past forty years, the series of MCWASP conferences has been the witness of the fantastic developments in the field of modeling of welding and solidification processes. This has been made possible thanks to the exponential increase in computing power but also to the emergence of new numerical methods and tools. While the “size” of computer simulations reported in MCWASP proceedings continues to follow Moore’s law describing the evolution of computers power, the present contribution focuses on the evolution of microstructure modeling. In this respect, a major turning point is the introduction of the phase field (PF) method in the mid-90’s. While PF is still the method of choice for the direct simulation of microstructure formation, it is also very CPU intensive. Therefore, it did not replace and rather complement other coarser methods such as analytical micro-macro models, Cellular Automata coupled with Finite Elements (so-called CAFE approach), modified-CAFE methods, mesoscopic model based on a dendrite envelope or Dendritic Needle Network (DNN) model. Some of these models as well as PF are coupled with fluid flow models based either on standard Navier-Stokes or Lattice-Boltzmann solutions. In parallel to these developments, wonderful experimental tools have become available to complement and validate numerical simulations: in situ X-ray radiography and tomography, EBSD, atom probe, FIB, etc. Besides a review of the past forty years, the present contribution will outline future directions of research in the area of microstructure modeling.