bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulating the exploration of the optimal irrigation of spring wheat in drought areas based on SWAP model
Authors: Jin Jianxin , Ding Yimin , Sun Boyan , Li Saiju , Guo Zheng , Zhu Lei
Published: November 2024

Water scarcity and low irrigation efficiency are the main factors causing yield losses in spring wheat in arid areas. To propose optimised irrigation scheduling for spring wheat in the arid areas of Ningxia, China, we first calibrated the SWAP (soil–water–atmosphere–plant) model and then utilised the well‐tested SWAP model during three typical rainfall years to evaluate the 542 irrigation schemes. The results showed that the model performed well in simulating the plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and biomass of spring wheat under different water stress conditions. The R2 values of the above three crop growth indicators were all greater than 0.89, and the normalised root mean square error (NRMSE) was less than 18% in the validation period. Additionally, the model achieved a high degree of accuracy in simulating the soil water content, evapotranspiration and yield, with RMSEs of 2%, 31 mm, and 326 kg/ha, respectively. The total irrigation amounts of 290, 320 and 350 mm with five, six and six irrigation times in the wet, average, and dry years, respectively, could achieve relatively high yields as well as improved water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). The results can provide useful information for the efficient utilisation of irrigation water resources in arid areas.
Deep learning‐based reconstruction on intensity‐inhomogeneous diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhu Zaimin , Wang He , Liu Yong , Zong Fangrong
Published: November 2024

Background

Ultra high field diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides diffusion‐weighted (DW) images with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio, but increases inhomogeneity, which affects the accuracy of dMRI metric reconstruction. Current methods for correcting inhomogeneity rarely consider the accuracy of the reconstructed dMRI metrics. Deep learning models for reconstructing metrics from dMRI signals typically assume that DW images have a homogeneous intensity. To address these challenges, we propose a deep learning model capable of directly reconstructing high‐accuracy dMRI metric maps from inhomogeneous DW images.

Methods

An attention‐based q‐space inhomogeneity‐resistant reconstruction network (qIRR‐Net) is proposed for the voxel‐wise reconstruction of diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging metrics. A training procedure based on data augmentation and consistency loss is introduced to ensure that the reconstruction results of qIRR‐Net are not affected by signal inhomogeneity. The 3T and 7T dMRI data from the Human Connectome Project are used for model training, testing, and evaluation.

Results

On the 3T dMRI data with simulated inhomogeneity, qIRR‐Net improves the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio by 5.39 and the structural similarity index measure by 0.18 compared with weighted linear least‐squares fitting. On the 7T dMRI data, the metric maps reconstructed by qIRR‐Net not only exhibit clearer tissue structures but also demonstrate greater stability compared with the weighted linear least‐squares results.

Conclusions

The proposed qIRR‐Net enables the accurate reconstruction of dMRI metrics from inhomogeneous DW images. This approach could potentially be expanded to obtain multiple artifact‐free metric maps from ultrahigh field dMRI for neuroscience research and neurology applications.
Put at and kept from risk: The sexual risk dilemmas confronting marginalized youth
Authors: Bay‐Cheng Laina Y. , Sutton Emily R. ,   4tRecord Research Team
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The current study examines Bay‐Cheng and Ginn's (2024) claim that marginalized youth confront two intertwined sexual risk dilemmas: being put at risk by unjust social forces and structures that threaten their sexual health and safety; and being kept from risk by those same forces and structures, thus compromising their development and dignity.

Methods

We explored the presence and relevance of these dilemmas using interviews conducted in 2022 with 101 racialized and/or queer (i.e., a sexuality other than exclusively heterosexual) young women and trans or nonbinary youth aged 16–21 and living in Melbourne (Australia), New York City (United States), and Toronto (Canada). We conducted a directed content analysis of the data and examined intersectional group‐based comparisons of code frequencies.

Results

We found that 80% of participants felt endangered (i.e., put at risk) and/or obstructed (i.e., kept from risk) by social and material conditions. Over half felt put at risk through exposure to hostility and harm, and over one‐third of participants described precarious life circumstances as keeping them from taking wanted sexual risks. Group‐based and intersectional comparisons indicated that feeling put at risk is associated with marginalized gender and sexuality identities and corresponding discrimination. We also found tentative signs that feeling kept from risk may be more closely linked to race and racism than marginalization by gender and/or sexuality.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the diverse implications of interlocked social injustices for youths' sexual lives, particularly the infringement on their rights both to safety and to risk.
Adolescents' meaning making of salient emotional experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Peplak Joanna , Taffe Rachel , Klemfuss J. Zoe
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This mixed‐method longitudinal study examined American adolescents' meaning making of salient COVID‐19 pandemic events.

Method

Within phone interviews, adolescents (N = 124, Mage = 15.76 years; 46% Latine) narrated their most emotionally impactful pandemic experience at two time points ~30 days apart between July 2020 and March 2021. Narratives were coded for (1) content (i.e., event‐type, relation to the pandemic, and the valence of the event [positive or negative]), (2) linguistic markers of subjective event processing (internal state language such as positive emotion, negative emotion, and cognition words), (3) narrative meaning‐making, and (4) the outcome of adolescents' meaning‐making (i.e., their “meanings made”).

Results

About 30% of adolescents spontaneously made meaning of their experience. Negative emotion words within narratives at time 1 positively predicted meaning making at time 2. Meaning making at time 1 predicted increased use of cognition words at time 2. Meaning making themes included: recognizing the threat of COVID‐19, coping with a pandemic, and shifts in perspectives.

Discussion

Salient emotional experiences that occur during adolescence are likely to be remembered and contribute to one's life story. This work provides a window into how the COVID‐19 pandemic may have shaped adolescent development in the United States.
The Effects and Mechanisms of Chrysosplenetin in Targeting RANKL‐Induced NF‐κB Signaling and NFATc1 Activation to Protect Bone Density in Osteolytic Diseases
Authors: Hong Guoju , Zhou Lin , He Wei , Wei Qiushi , Xu Jiake
Published: November 2024

Chrysosplenetin (CHR), an O‐methylated flavonol from Chamomilla recutita and Laggera pterodonta, has previously demonstrated efficacy in enhancing osteoblast differentiation for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study aims to evaluate CHR's potential to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and prevent bone deterioration in both in vitro and in vivo models. Using tartaric acid‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and hydroxyapatite resorption assays, we examined the impact of CHR on RANKL‐induced osteoclasts derived from mouse bone marrow monocytes. Additionally, Western blot analysis and qRT‐PCR were utilized to assess the protein and gene expressions within the MAPK and NF‐κB signaling pathways, as well as the NFATc1 pathway. In vivo, CHR's effects were validated using micro‐CT and histomorphometry in an ovariectomized mouse model, showing significant reduction in osteoclast activity and bone loss. The study confirms CHR's inhibition of osteoclastogenesis through interference with RANKL‐mediated signaling pathways, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for osteolytic conditions related to osteoclast‐osteoblast dysregulation.
Fear of reinjury after acute Achilles tendon rupture is related to poorer recovery and lower physical activity postinjury
Authors: Larsson Elin , LeGreves Agnes , Brorsson Annelie , Eliasson Pernilla , Johansson Christer , Carmont Michael R. , Nilsson Helander Katarina
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate how fear of reinjury to the Achilles tendon affects return to previous levels of physical activity and self‐reported Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) outcomes.

Methods

Data were collected from a large cohort of patients treated for an acute Achilles tendon rupture at Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal between 2015 and 2020. The ATRS and additional questions concerning fear of reinjury, treatment modality, satisfaction of treatment and recovery were analyzed 1–6 years postinjury. Analysis was performed to determine the impact of fear of reinjury on patient‐reported recovery and physical activity.

Results

Of a total of 856 eligible patients, 550 (64%) answered the self‐reported questionnaire and participated in the follow‐up. Of the participants, 425 (77%) were men and 125 (23%) were women. ATRS, recovery in percentage, satisfaction of treatment, recovery on a 5‐point scale and physical activity level post‐ versus preinjury were significantly related to fear of reinjury (p < 0.001). Of the nonsurgically treated patients, 59% reported fear of reinjury compared to 48% of the surgically treated patients (p = 0.024) Patients that reported fear of reinjury had a 15‐point lower median ATRS score than those who did not (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

More than half of patients who have suffered an Achilles tendon rupture are afraid of reinjuring their tendon. Patients who reported fear of reinjury exhibited a significantly lower ATRS score. This indicates the importance of addressing psychological aspects in the treatment after this injury.

Level of Evidence

Level II.
Genetic testing and counseling for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: An evidence‐based practice resource of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Miller Erin M. , Brown Emily , Christian Susan , Kelly Melissa A. , Knight Linda M. , Saberi Sara , Rigelsky Christina , Ingles Jodie
Published: November 2024

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common hereditary condition affecting approximately 1 in 500 adults. It is characterized by marked clinical heterogeneity with individuals experiencing minimal to no symptoms, while others may have more severe outcomes including heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Genetic testing for HCM is increasingly available due to advances in DNA sequencing technologies and reduced costs. While a diagnosis of HCM is a well‐supported indication for genetic testing and genetic counseling, incorporation of genetic services into the clinical setting is often limited outside of expert centers. As genetic counseling and testing have become more accessible and convenient, optimal integration of genomic data into the clinical care of individuals with HCM should be instituted, including delivery via genetic counseling. Drawing on recommendations from recent disease guidelines and systematic evidence reviews, we highlight key recommendations for HCM genetic testing and counseling. This practice resource provides a comprehensive framework to guide healthcare providers in the process of genetic test selection, variant classification, and cascade testing for genetic evaluation of HCM.
Prognostic role of lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk from a perspective on current risk stratification
Authors: Li Sha , Liu Hui‐Hui , Zhang Yan , Zhang Meng , Zhang Hui‐Wen , Zhu Cheng‐Gang , Wu Na‐Qiong , Xu Rui‐Xia , Dong Qian , Qian Jie , Dou Ke‐Fei , Guo Yuan‐Lin , Li Jian‐Jun
Published: November 2024

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an emerging predictor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) but the association from a perspective on current risk stratification was unknown. A cohort of 9944 Chinese patients with ASCVD was recruited and refined into very‐high‐risk (VHR) and non‐VHR subgroups according to current guideline. Lp(a) plasma levels were divided by its concentration (<30, 30–50, 50–75, and ≥75 mg/dL) and percentile zones (<25th, 25–50th, 50–75th, 75–90th, ≥90th). Cardiovascular events (CVEs) occurred during an average of 38.5 months’ follow‐up were recorded. We found that Lp(a) was increased with risk stratification of ASCVD increasing. Prevalence of CVEs had a significantly increasing trend with gradients of Lp(a) elevation in VHR but not in non‐VHR subgroup. The adjusted HRs (95%CIs) for CVEs were 1.75(1.25–2.46) in the highest group of Lp(a) ≥75 mg/dL compared with the group of Lp(a) <30 mg/dL as the reference in overall patients, 2.18(1.32–3.58) in VHR subgroup and 1.43(0.93–2.18) in non‐VHR subgroup, respectively. The adjusted HRs (95%CIs) at the highest grade of Lp(a) levels (≥90th) were 1.72(1.19–2.50) in overall population, 2.83(1.53–5.24) in VHR subgroup and 1.38(0.86–2.12) in non‐VHR subgroup, respectively. These findings suggested that Lp(a) might contribute more to CVEs risk in VHR subgroup of ASCVD.
Neuroscience in peripheral cancers: tumors hijacking nerves and neuroimmune crosstalk
Authors: Fan Hua‐Yang , Liang Xin‐Hua , Tang Ya‐Ling
Published: November 2024

Cancer neuroscience is an emerging field that investigates the intricate relationship between the nervous system and cancer, gaining increasing recognition for its importance. The central nervous system governs the development of the nervous system and directly affects brain tumors, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) shapes the tumor microenvironment (TME) of peripheral tumors. Both systems are crucial in cancer initiation and progression, with recent studies revealing a more intricate role of the PNS within the TME. Tumors not only invade nerves but also persuade them through remodeling to further promote malignancy, creating a bidirectional interaction between nerves and cancers. Notably, immune cells also contribute to this communication, forming a triangular relationship that influences protumor inflammation and the effectiveness of immunotherapy. This review delves into the intricate mechanisms connecting the PNS and tumors, focusing on how various immune cell types influence nerve‒tumor interactions, emphasizing the clinical relevance of nerve‒tumor and nerve‒immune dynamics. By deepening our understanding of the interplay between nerves, cancer, and immune cells, this review has the potential to reshape tumor biology insights, inspire innovative therapies, and improve clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
Simultaneous measurement of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide for combustion diagnosis using 2 μm laser absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Li Jinyi , Wang Keming , Zhou Yun , Wang Zehua , Ji Yue , Du Zhenhui , Yang Xiaotao
Published: November 2024

Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are products of incomplete combustion and complete combustion, respectively. Time‐resolved knowledge of CO and CO2 exhaust concentrations will aid in improving combustion strategies, control, and efficiency. To achieve online high‐precision simultaneous measurement of CO and CO2, a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy‐based sensor is designed and constructed. Two diode lasers with central wavelengths of 2.3 and 2.0 μm are multiplexed in time‐division to cover the absorption spectral lines of CO at 4285.00 cm−1 and CO2 at 4989.96 cm−1, respectively. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy with second harmonic detection normalized by the first harmonic (WMS‐2f/1f) is employed. A software lock‐in amplifier and inversion algorithm are implemented for data processing and concentration acquisition. The entire measurement system is based on the idea of a virtual instrument and is carried out using a high‐speed data acquisition card and a computer. Experimental verification demonstrates that the measurement accuracies of CO and CO2 were 2.47% and 2.56%, respectively, with a time resolution of 20 ms. Dynamic measurement experiments with an alcohol blast burner validate the feasibility of measuring CO and CO2 in actual combustion environments. The developed sensor demonstrates the potential for real‐time and in situ carbon emission measurement for combustion diagnosis.
Asymmetric Coplanar Strip Loaded With Meander Lines for Multiband Operations Using ANN Optimization
Authors: Priya S. Janu , Daniel R. Samson
Published: November 2024

A miniaturized asymmetric coplanar strip fed with meander lines is developed for hexaband wireless applications. Multiband with compact size of the antenna is developed by using meander lines. The designed antenna is enhanced by an increased number of meander lines. The invented antenna is composed of three meander lines, it yields the antenna to excite 1.13, 2.35, 2.91, 3.46, 3.96, and 4.5 GHz, respectively. The prototype antenna is fed by ACS, which is printed on a 14  24  1.6 mm3 FR‐4 substrate and dielectric constant of Ɛr = 4.4. MATLAB tool is utilized in the ANN computation to amend the physical values of the antenna. The calibrated and simulated radiation attributes are identical with each other. The designed antenna provides distinguishing characteristics such as good reflection coefficient, impedance matching, and size miniaturization. It imparts empirical peak gains of 0.028 dBi at 1.14 GHz, 1.305 dBi at 2.35 GHz, 1.54 dBi at 2.86 GHz, 1.79 dBi at 3.43 GHz, 2.43 dBi at 3.96 GHz, and 2.58 dBi at 4.5 GHz, which is suitable for GSM/WLAN/WiMAX and C‐band wireless applications.
The herbicidal activity and mechanism of Talaromyces purpureogenusCY‐1 metabolites
Authors: Yang Chunping , Lu Yuan , Yang Yinhua , Hu Jiayun , Yang Yifen , Zhang Min , Gong Guoshu , Chen Huabao , Jiang Chunxian
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Studies have shown that Talaromyces can produce a large number of secondary metabolites in its metabolic process, many of which have good insecticidal, antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral and other biological activities. In order to explore the herbicidal activity and mechanism of Talaromyces purpureogenus CY‐1, we determined the inhibitory effect of the fermentation broth of the CY‐1 strain on weeds, identified the major active components, and further investigated the herbicidal mechanism.

RESULT

The results showed that CY‐1, with IC50 values of 5.40 g/L and 4.39 g/L, respectively, exhibited good herbicidal activity against Xanthium sibiricum and Amaranthus lividus. Spraying CY‐1 strain fermentation broth on redroot pigweed resulted in plant protection efficiencies and fresh weight protection efficiencies of 83.7% and 87%, respectively. The active component identified in the broth was 2‐(3‐hydroxybenzoyloxy) acrylic acid. Treatment of Amaranthus lividus with 2‐(3‐hydroxybenzoyloxy) acrylic acid resulted in trends of increasing superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity, respiratory rate, cytochrome oxidase activity, and soluble protein content, followed by a decrease. Peroxidase activity, relative conductance and malondialdehyde content gradually increased, while acetyl lactate synthase and glutamine synthetase initially decreased and gradually returned to normal. The soluble sugar content showed a gradual decrease.

CONCLUSION

The findings of the present study indicate that 2‐(3‐hydroxybenzoyloxy) acrylic acid can induce oxidative stress in plants, damaging plant cell walls, weakening respiratory activity, inhibiting protein synthesis and sugar metabolism, ultimately leading to weed wilting and death. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Toward economic resilience in Sub‐Saharan Africa: The role of institutional quality and human capital development
Authors: Afolabi Joshua Adeyemi , Raifu Isiaka Akande
Published: November 2024

A viable economy's hallmark is its ability to generate positive growth rates and its capacity to sustain such growth, especially during a crisis. Economic crises have the potential to induce uncertainty, reverse pre‐crisis economic gains and force preexisting challenges to reemerge, necessitating actions on building economic resilience. Given the fragility of most countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), the current paper evaluates the role of institutional quality (INSQ) and human capital development in boosting economic resilience in SSA. The sampled countries were classified into fragile and resilient countries. Annual data spanning 2000–2021 was obtained and analyzed using the Bias‐Corrected Method of Moments (BCMM) estimation method, which can adequately account for cross‐sectional dependence, endogeneity, and heterogeneity in the sample. The results revealed that human capital development improves the resilience of fragile and non‐fragile economies, and INSQ has a higher positive impact in fragile countries than in non‐fragile countries. The results of the bundled INSQ support the positive effect of economic governance, institutional governance, and political governance on the resilience of fragile and non‐fragile countries. Therefore, group‐specific economic resilient policies need to be designed to strengthen economic resilience in the SSA region, and buffers that will ensure a healthy response to economic crises need to be strengthened. In addition, sound institutions and massive investment in human capital development should be pursued to boost economic resilience in the SSA region.
Association between adenomyosis volume and adverse perinatal outcomes: multicenter cohort study
Authors: Ni X. , Su X. , Shi Y. , Ru P. , Liu Y. , Lei S. , Gu Y. , Liu M. , Duan T.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To assess the association between adenomyosis volume, as a reflection of its severity, and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted at a comprehensive tertiary care institution and a tertiary maternal and child healthcare hospital, which are the main types of hospital providing maternal medical care in China. The study included pregnant women without adenomyosis (non‐AD cohort) who delivered between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2021, and women with pregnancy complicated by adenomyosis (AD cohort) who delivered between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2022. Adenomyosis was diagnosed and measured using transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound up to 14 weeks of gestation. The adenomyosis volume (V) was calculated based on the sonographic measurement of three dimensions, using the formula V = (length × width × thickness) × 4/3π. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between adenomyosis and the risk of pregnancy complications. We also performed a sensitivity analysis among 226 pregnancies complicated by adenomyosis that had volume measurements available and 10 507 pregnancies without adenomyosis, using as a threshold for severe adenomyosis the 3rd quartile of adenomyosis volume.

Results

The study group included 10 507 pregnant women in the non‐AD cohort and 321 in the AD cohort. Pregnancies complicated by adenomyosis had an increased risk of preterm birth < 37 weeks of gestation (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.39 (95% CI, 1.65–3.48)), spontaneous preterm birth < 37 weeks of gestation (aOR, 2.57 (95% CI, 1.54–4.28)), placenta previa (aOR, 2.57 (95% CI, 1.41–4.67)), cervical incompetence (aOR, 9.70 (95% CI, 4.00–23.55)) and abnormal fetal presentation (aOR, 2.04 (95% CI, 1.39–3.00)), and there was also a non‐significant trend toward increased risk of pre‐eclampsia (aOR, 1.64 (95% CI, 0.94–2.85)). Sensitivity analysis revealed there was a greater risk in pregnancies with severe (≥ 757.5 cm3) vs mild adenomyosis of preterm birth < 37 weeks of gestation (aOR, 5.50 (95% CI, 2.80–10.82) vs aOR, 1.73 (95% CI, 0.98–3.05)), pre‐eclampsia (aOR, 4.94 (95% CI, 2.11–11.58) vs aOR, 1.03 (95% CI, 0.41–2.58)), placenta previa (aOR, 6.37 (95% CI, 2.39–17.04) vs aOR, 1.58 (95% CI, 0.60–4.19)) and cervical incompetence (aOR, 12.79 (95% CI, 2.87–56.93) vs aOR, 4.97 (95% CI, 1.25–19.77)) compared to pregnancies without adenomyosis. The risk of spontaneous preterm birth < 37 weeks and the risk of abnormal fetal presentation was similar between the two subgroups.

Conclusion

Pregnancies complicated by adenomyosis, particularly those with severe adenomyosis, have an increased risk of pregnancy complications, including preterm birth, spontaneous preterm birth, placenta previa, cervical incompetence and abnormal fetal presentation. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
A Versatile catalytic and photothermal lateral flow immunoassay Based on ultrathin Fe‐MoS2 nanosheets for sensitive and accurate detection of Influenza A
Authors: Xu Meimei , Lin Chenglong , Zhao Shuai , Zhang Weida , Li Dan , Fang Fanghao , Teng Zheng , Peng Yusi , Liu Ming , Huang Zhengren , Shi Jianlin , Yang Yong
Published: November 2024

Influenza A virus (H1N1) poses a significant threat to global human health that imperative demands the development of sensitive and accurate point‐of‐care testing (POCT) methods. Here, for the first time, Fe‐MoS2 nanosheets were employed as a multifunctional nanotag in the development of catalytic colorimetric‐photothermal dual‐mode lateral flow immunoassay (dLFIA) strips for the sensitive detection of H1N1 inactivated virus. The Fe‐MoS2 nanosheets featuring large size, high specific surface area, and ultrathin structure could flow smoothly on the strips and thus quickly produce an ideal colorimetric signal for qualitative analysis. Both the limit of detection (LOD) of catalytic colorimetric and photothermal signals reached 1000 copies/mL and the corresponding calculated LOD was 550 and 691 copies/mL, respectively, which were about 50–90‐fold more sensitive than traditional gold nanoparticles based‐LFIA (5 × 104 copies/mL). The developed assay could correctly identify eight positive clinical samples with Ct values less than 35 and 10 negative actual samples, proving significant promise for rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of H1N1, especially in resource‐limited areas.
An interesting wall-crossing: failure of the wall-crossing/MMP correspondence
Authors: Rezaee Fatemeh
Published: November 2024

We introduce a novel wall-crossing phenomenon in the space of Bridgeland stability conditions: a wall in the stability space of canonical genus 4 curves that induces non-Q-factorial singularities and hence, it cannot be detected as an operation in the Minimal Model Program of the corresponding moduli space, unlike the case for many surfaces. More precisely, we give an example of a wall-crossing in $$\textrm{D}^{b}(\mathbb {P}^{3})$$

D
b

(

P

3

)

such that the wall induces a small contraction of the moduli space of stable objects associated to one of the adjacent chambers, but a divisorial contraction to the other. This significantly complicates the overall picture in this correspondence to applications of stability conditions to algebraic geometry. The full wall-crossing for canonical genus four curves and the geometry are considered in the published paper (Rezaee in Proc LMS 128(1):e12577, 2024); this article is devoted to describe a particularly interesting wall among the walls in Rezaee (Proc LMS 128(1):e12577, 2024) in full details to explain the novel phenomenon.
Fourier restriction and well-approximable numbers
Authors: Fraser Robert , Hambrook Kyle , Ryou Donggeun
Published: November 2024

We use a deterministic construction to prove the optimality of the exponent in the Mockenhaupt-Mitsis-Bak-Seeger Fourier restriction theorem for dimension

$$d=1$$

d
=
1

and parameter range

$$0 < a,b \le d$$

0
<
a
,
b
≤
d

and

$$b\le 2a$$

b
≤
2
a

. Previous constructions by Hambrook and Łaba [15] and Chen [5] required randomness and only covered the range

$$0 < b \le a \le d=1$$

0
<
b
≤
a
≤
d
=
1

. We also resolve a question of Seeger [29] about the Fourier restriction inequality on the sets of well-approximable numbers.
Development of a user-friendly calculator for a pediatric split-bolus polytrauma computed tomography protocol
Authors: Rocha Ana Carolina , Alamo Leonor , Ostojic Nemanja , Chevallier Christine , Tenisch Estelle
Published: November 2024

We present here a user-friendly calculator for the setting of a pediatric split-bolus polytrauma computed tomography (CT) protocol with a mixed arterial and venous phase, aiming to both reduce radiation dose and improve workflow while assuring optimal image quality. All the different parameters are calculated based on patient’s weight with rapid computation of the injected contrast media and saline volumes, injection’s flow rate, injection’s timing, and optimal acquisition time. The designed calculator is built in a widely available Google Sheets file, accessible by a quick response (QR) code. Although polytrauma imaging represents the main goal of the technique, it can be used in a wide variety of contexts, including oncological, infectious, and vascular pathologies.

Graphical Abstract
Ultrasound-guided interventions in elite soccer players
Authors: Allen Gina M.
Published: November 2024

In the world of elite soccer, or football as we call it in the UK, a player who cannot play for any length of time costs the team money and team performance. The time to return to play (RTP) is crucial in any player’s career, and the use of ultrasound-guided ultrasound injections has become important in the management of injury. In this article, I will explain the importance of good practice when performing these procedures and the use of steroids, sodium hyaluronic acid, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and other therapies in achieving the goal of decreasing the time of RTP for the footballer.

Key points

•Injection therapies are routine practice in maintaining and treating soccer injuries.

•Injection therapies can be safely performed under ultrasound guidance.
Obstructive hydrocephalus of uncommon etiology: case report and neurosurgical management of aqueductal web presenting in adolescence
Authors: Masarwy Aseel , Watterson Christopher , Boyke Andre , Bonda David , Danielpour Moise
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Aqueductal webs are a rare cause of obstructive hydrocephalus. Accurate diagnosis and intervention can prevent neurological complications.

Case presentation

Herein, we describe a case of a child presenting with headaches and vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed obstructive tri-ventricular hydrocephalus caused by an aqueductal web. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) was successfully performed to restore cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow.

Conclusion

This case underscores the importance of phase-contrast and T2-weighted cinematic magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid flow for diagnosis of aqueductal webs. These modalities provide valuable insights into CSF dynamics and guidance of appropriate neurosurgical intervention.
Assessment of first-touch skills in robotic surgical training using hi-Sim and the hinotori surgical robot system among surgeons and novices
Authors: Urade Takeshi , Yamasaki Nobuaki , Uemura Munenori , Hirata Junichiro , Okamura Yasuyoshi , Mitani Yuki , Hattori Tatsuya , Nanchi Kaito , Ozawa Seiichi , Chihara Yasuo , Chinzei Kiyoyuki , Fujisawa Masato , Fukumoto Takumi
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Surgeons’ adaptability to robotic manipulation remains underexplored. This study evaluated the participants’ first-touch robotic training skills using the hinotori surgical robot system and its simulator (hi-Sim) to assess adaptability.

Methods

We enrolled 11 robotic surgeons (RS), 13 laparoscopic surgeons (LS), and 15 novices (N). After tutorial and training, participants performed pegboard tasks, camera and clutch operations, energizing operations, and suture sponge tasks on hi-Sim. They also completed a suture ligation task using the hinotori surgical robot system on a suture simulator. Median scores and task completion times were compared.

Results

Pegboard task scores were 95.0%, 92.0%, and 91.5% for the RS, LS, and N groups, respectively, with differences between the RS group and LS and N groups. Camera and clutch operation scores were 93.1%, 49.7%, and 89.1%, respectively, showing differences between the RS group and LS and N groups. Energizing operation scores were 90.9%, 85.2%, and 95.0%, respectively, with a significant difference between the LS and N groups. Suture sponge task scores were 90.6%, 43.1%, and 46.2%, respectively, with differences between the RS group and LS and N groups. For the suture ligation task, completion times were 368 s, 666 s, and 1095 s, respectively, indicating differences among groups. Suture scores were 12, 10, and 7 points, respectively, with differences between the RS and N groups.

Conclusion

First-touch simulator-based robotic skills were partially influenced by prior robotic surgical experience, while suturing skills were affected by overall surgical experience. Thus, robotic training programs should be tailored to individual adaptability.
The first record the Limnia unguicornis (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) parasites on a vulnerable pulmonate land snail, Vertigo moulinsiana (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Vertiginidae) and a literature review on Limnia species
Authors: Wendzonka Jacek , Sobczyńska Urszula , Książkiewicz Zofia
Published: November 2024

The literature about mollusc-parasite interactions is focused on species affecting human health, such as trematodes on freshwater snails as intermediate hosts. Far less attention has been paid to parasite-snail interactions in terrestrial habitats. Here we present the first observation of a sciomyzid larva of Limnia unguicornis, parasitizing a vulnerable, tiny air-breading snail, Vertigo moulinsiana (strictly protected by Polish law). Sciomyzids are almost exclusively malacophagous but their biology and ecology are understudied. Thus, we have reviewed the available information on Limnia species and discussed the results of our research.
Unravelling eruption dynamics at El Reventador, Ecuador: linking the physiochemical properties of volcanic ash with geophysical, geochemical and satellite remote sensing data
Authors: Gaunt H. Elizabeth , Pique Mia M. , Hernández Stephen , Hidalgo Silvana , Córdova Marco D. , Ramón Patricio , Bernard Benjamin
Published: November 2024

The physiochemical properties of volcanic ash are determined by magma ascent and eruption dynamics and provide important insights into controls on the timing and style of volcanic eruptions. However, linking petrological observations to monitoring parameters remains challenging. Here we investigate the relationships between geophysical, geochemical and satellite remote sensing data with the physiochemical properties of volcanic ash to better understand eruptive dynamics at El Reventador volcano, Ecuador. Between 2016 and 2019, eruptive activity at El Reventador was characterised by frequent explosions interspersed with effusive activity from two summit vents. We found that: (1) periods of predominantly effusive behaviour were defined by ash samples with the lowest proportions of juvenile grains, frequent, more intense thermal anomalies and frequent (ca. every 25 min) but low-energy explosions that produced lower average ash column heights (< 1200 m above the summit) and; (2) periods of predominantly explosive behaviour were defined by ash samples with the highest proportions of juvenile grains and also vesicular juvenile grains, low thermal anomalies and less frequent (ca. every 70 min), higher-energy explosions that produced higher average eruption column heights (> 1500 m above the summit). Our study shows that there are strong correlations between the physiochemical properties of erupted material and the multiparametric monitoring data which in turn link to the type of surface activity observed. As a result, the development of physical conduit models and interpretations of eruptive dynamics are made more robust combining both monitoring data and the physical properties of eruptive products.
How does thoracic scoliosis surgery affect thoracolumbar spinal flexibility and lumbar intradiscal pressure? An in vitro study confirming the importance of the rib cage
Authors: Liebsch Christian , Obid Peter , Vogt Morten , Schlager Benedikt , Wilke Hans-Joachim
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To evaluate effects of spinal and rib osteotomies on the resulting spinal flexibility for surgical correction of thoracic scoliosis and to explore effects of posterior fixation on thoracolumbar segmental range of motion and lumbar intervertebral disc loading.

Methods

Six fresh frozen human thoracolumbar spine and rib cage specimens (26–45 years, two female / four male) without clinically relevant deformity were loaded with pure moments of 5 Nm in flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Optical motion tracking of all segmental levels (C7-S) and intradiscal pressure measurements of the lumbar spine (L1-L5) were performed (1) in intact condition, (2) after Schwab grade 1, (3) Schwab grade 2, and (4) left rib osteotomies at T6-T10 levels, as well as (5) after posterior spinal fixation with pedicle screw-rod instrumentation at T4-L1 levels.

Results

Schwab grade 1 and 2 osteotomies did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect spinal flexibility, whereas left rib osteotomies significantly (p < 0.05) increased segmental ranges of motion at upper and lower levels in flexion/extension and at treated levels in lateral bending. Posterior fixation caused significantly (p < 0.05) increased range of motion at upper adjacent thoracic and mid-lumbar levels, as well as significantly (p < 0.05) increased intradiscal pressure at the lower adjacent level.

Conclusion

Low effects of Schwab grade 1 and 2 osteotomies question the impact of isolated posterior spinal releases for surgical correction maneuvers in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, in contrast to additional concave rib osteotomies. High effects of posterior fixation potentially explain frequently reported complications such as adjacent segment disease or proximal junctional kyphosis.
On Cournot and Bertrand competition in collusive mixed oligopolies
Authors: Escrihuela-Villar Marc , Guillén Jorge
Published: November 2024

We consider a mixed oligopoly of one public and N private firms where goods are horizontally differentiated. In our setting, an interdependent payoff structure characterizes the degree of collusion among private firms. We show that, whereas in the Bertrand model, private firms are willing to collude as much as possible, in the Cournot model, the existence of a public firm reduces the scope of collusion. We also prove that the classic discussion comparing price and quantity competition crucially depends on market collusion. More precisely, price competition unambiguously yields larger profits for private firms only if collusion is high enough. In an infinitely repeated game, we prove that collusion is easier to sustain in a larger oligopoly because, in this case, a larger N helps mitigate the effect of the public firm on private firms’ collusion sustainability. Finally, we also find that collusion is always more easily sustained in the Bertrand case than in the Cournot case.
Tools for optimizing healthcare resource allocation in response to climate impacts and heat action planning
Authors: Thiel Jakob , Seim Anne , Grummt Sophia , Nesterow Igor , Penesch Frank , Sedlmayr Martin , Weidner Jens
Published: November 2024

Aim

An increase in average temperatures and acute heat events has been observed, which has led to an increase in hospital treatments. In the course of climate change, this may lead to a temporary overload of the healthcare system in the future. The aim of this review was to find out how digital health planning tools can be used to optimize the distribution of available resources and counteract overloads. In addition, the review sought to gather comprehensive insights to develop a corresponding tool as part of the project Medical Informatics Hub in Saxony (MiHUBx).

Subjects and methods

Six scientists from different disciplines were involved in the study, which was carried out as part of MiHUBx. The inclusion and exclusion criteria, based on the PICOS-scheme, guided the selection of relevant studies. The search was conducted in the Medline, IEEE and Web of Science databases and limited to the last ten years.

Results

We identified 21 studies published between 2013 and 2022. A connection was found between heat and use of the health system. These studies presented a conceptual framework, but none described the implementation of the instruments in standard care. However, it was shown that statistic models based on weather and health data can be suitable for predicting resource utilization and can optimize health supply.

Conclusion

It was shown that statistic models are suitable for predicting the use of resources to optimize healthcare provision and can therefore be developed in the project. In addition, requirements for the development of a resource allocation and planning tool were identified.
Equilibrium loadings and adsorption isotherm model parameters estimated from multi-component breakthrough curves
Authors: Zarei Somayeh , Harriehausen Isabel , Lee Ju Weon , Seidel-Morgenstern Andreas
Published: November 2024

Quantitative knowledge of competitive adsorption isotherms is essential for the design and optimization of adsorption based separation processes. Since the experimental determination of these thermodynamic functions is complicated and time consuming, there is a need for fast and easy to apply methods. In particular attractive are methods that evaluate measured breakthrough curves (BTC). Key features of these curves can be predicted with the equilibrium theory, which ignores kinetic effects that cause band broadening. If the adsorption equilibria can be described by the classical competitive Langmuir isotherm model, outlet concentration profiles can be calculated analytically. The paper summarizes and illustrates well-known classical results for N-component systems. The theory is applied to analyze experimentally determined BTC for a ternary mixture fed into an initially fully regenerated column under constant flowrate and under isothermal conditions. It is demonstrated that the retention times and intermediate plateau concentrations, which are observable for example in a single ternary BTC experiment, allow estimating a defined number of characteristic equilibrium loadings. These loadings can be directly used for easy estimation of the parameters of an assumed isotherm model. Various possibilities to use a reduced number of loadings and to include complementary results of standard pulse experiments are described. The isotherms generated from the ternary BTC are successfully validated by results of single component and ternary BTC experiments carried out subsequently. Options to generalize the method to determine isotherm model parameters from measured BTC to initially preloaded columns and to more complex mixtures are finally outlined.
Impact of climate change on the pollen season on relevant species in Iberian’s dehesa: a case study of Fraxinus sp.
Authors: Galindo Ortiz Sheila , García Sánchez Asunción , Sánchez Reyes Estefanía
Published: November 2024

The allergenic nature of ash (Fraxinus sp.), an important element of the dehesas, has been poorly studied in meridional Europe owing to the low concentrations of this pollen type in the atmosphere. However, it has cross-reactivity with Olea L. and other homologous allergens of trees and herbaceous species, leading to earlier and more prolonged respiratory allergenic symptoms. The main aims of this work were to characterize the main pollen season (MPS) of ash from 2011 to 2022, to evaluate the influence of meteorological variables on airborne concentrations of this pollen type and to elaborate a pollen calendar for Fraxinus in Salamanca. The aeropalynological analysis for the eleven years of the study shows that the MPS for Fraxinus begins on 27 th December until 4 th April with an average duration of 100 days, a mean peak value of 57 grains/m3 reached on 22 nd February and a mean annual pollen integral of 567 grains/m3, observing an earlier onset of MPS, an increase in its duration and a decrease in its concentrations, presumably linked to climate change. Regarding the influence of meteorological parameters on pollen concentrations, positive correlations were found for maximum and mean temperatures and insolation, as well as southeast winds and frequency of calms, while negative correlations were reported for precipitation, relative humidity, and wind speed. The analyze of Fraxinus pollen could be used to predict seasonal behavior and warn people who may suffer pollinosis either from ash pollen or from cross-reactivity events.
Epistemic selection of costly alternatives: the case of participatory budgeting
Authors: Rey Simon , Endriss Ulle
Published: November 2024

We initiate the study of voting rules for participatory budgeting using the so-called epistemic approach, where one interprets votes as noisy reflections of some ground truth regarding the objectively best set of projects to fund. Using this approach, we first show that both the most studied rules in the literature and the most widely used rule in practice cannot be justified on epistemic grounds: they cannot be interpreted as maximum likelihood estimators, whatever assumptions we make about the accuracy of voters. Focusing then on welfare-maximising rules, we obtain both positive and negative results regarding epistemic guarantees.
Prospective Association of Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety with Pornography Viewing Frequency Among Young Adults
Authors: Singareddy Chithra , Shrestha Sambid , Zheng Amy , Harlow Bernard L. , Barrington-Trimis Jessica L. , Harlow Alyssa F.
Published: November 2024

Young adulthood is a critical development period when mental health problems such as anxiety and depression become more prevalent. Likewise, there is evidence to suggest that depression and anxiety may lead to increased pornography usage. We examined the association of depression and anxiety symptoms with pornography viewing frequency among a prospective cohort of young adults (n = 1864) from California. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated the association of depression symptoms only, anxiety symptoms only, and comorbid depression and anxiety with pornography viewing frequency (never, < 3 times/month, one to several times/week, one to several times/day) at a 6-month follow-up. Models adjusted for gender, sexual orientation, sexual satisfaction, and adverse childhood experiences. Participants with comorbid depression and anxiety (vs. no depression or anxiety symptoms) had 2.72 (95% CI: 1.66–4.46) times the odds of frequent pornography viewing (one to several times/day) compared to never watching pornography. There was an association of depression symptoms only with frequent pornography viewing but it did not reach statistical significance (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 0.78–4.89). Anxiety symptoms alone (vs. no depression and anxiety symptoms) were not associated with pornography viewing at any frequency in the full sample. However, in gender-stratified models, anxiety symptoms alone were associated with pornography viewing among women (OR: 1.44. 95% CI: 1.00–2.07), but not men (1.12, 95% CI: 0.65–1.96). Findings suggest comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with frequent pornography viewing among young adults, and anxiety symptoms alone are associated with pornography viewing among women, but not men.