bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Plant Life Management Approaches for Long Term Operations
Authors: Nuzzo Frank , Kang Ki-Sig
Published: August 2013

Many Member States of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have given high priority to long term operation of nuclear power plants beyond the timeframe originally anticipated (e.g. 30 or 40 years). Out of a total of 445 (369 GWe) operating nuclear power plants, 349 units (297 GWe) have been in operation for more than 20 years (as of November 2011) and many are engaged in investigations and studies aimed at prolonging the plant service life. The need for engineering support to operation, maintenance, safety review and life management for long term operation as well as education and training on LTO issues is increasingly evident. Plant life management (PLiM) techniques that can be defined as the integration of ageing and economic planning, have been used in operating nuclear power plants to maintain a high level of safety, optimize performance and justify long term operation (LTO) beyond the plant design life. In addition, as a follow up to the Fukushima accident, operators have become even more attentive to beyond design basis measures in the preparation of their plants for operation beyond their design life.

In many countries, the safety performance of NPPs is periodically assessed and characterized via the periodic safety review (PSR) process. Regulatory review and acceptance of PSRs constitutes for these countries the licensing requirement for continued operation of the plant to the following PSR cycle (usually 10 years). In the USA and in other countries operating US designed plants, instead of a PSR process, a license renewal application (LRA) process is followed, which requires certain pre-requisites such as ageing management programmes, particularly for passive irreplaceable systems structures and components (SSCs). Active components are normally addressed via the maintenance rule (MR) requirements and other established regulatory processes. A third group of Member States have adopted a combined approach that incorporates elements of both the PSR process and selected LRA specific requirements, such as time limited ageing analysis.

Taking into account this variety of approaches, the IAEA initiated work to collect and share information among Member States on good practices in plant life management for long term operation in nuclear power plants, by comparing the various approaches to the PSR reference and by drawing lessons learned from relevant applications and experiences.
Numerical Simulations of Bubble Pumps
Authors: Jo Soo W. , Sherif S. A. , Lear William E.
Published: August 2013

A bubble pump is a key component for diffusion-absorption refrigeration systems operating at a single pressure. Nevertheless, research focusing on bubble pumps is not widely found in the literature. In this study, a bubble pump model with a shape of vertical tube subjected to a uniform heat flux from the tube outer surface is numerically simulated. A saturated ammonia-water solution enters the bubble pump inlet and receives heat from the pump wall along the entire pump length. During the process, most of the ammonia in the solution vaporizes, and the remaining solution is lifted by the buoyant force created by the ammonia vapor. A numerical model was implemented by employing a commercial CFD code. The applicability of the numerical model implemented in the code to the present numerical simulations was validated through a comparative study referring to experimental data of a boiling phase change flow of water in a vertical pipe being subjected to a uniform heat flux. To investigate the influence of the bubble pump’s geometrical dimension and the heat input on the operating status and performance, numerical simulations were performed for four bubble pumps with different diameters subjected to five amounts of heat flux. Simulation results are provided in terms of the flow parameters including void fraction, and vapor and liquid velocities. The simulated spatial distributions of the flow parameters were found to have steep gradients in the radial direction near the pump wall due to the heating from the pump wall. In addition, simulated flow parameters were compared to those in previous one-dimensional (1-D) work for the same problem. It was found that the void fraction profiles along the pump length simulated in this study seem to be similar to those in 1-D models, but somewhat different quantitatively. Based on the results, the present numerical simulation model of the bubble pump is considered to be useful for certain industrial applications.
Summary of Finite Element (FE) Sensitivity Studies Conducted in Support of the NRC/EPRI Welding Residual Stress (WRS) Program
Authors: Kerr Matthew , Rathbun Howard J.
Published: August 2013

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) are working cooperatively under an addendum to the ongoing memorandum of understanding to validate welding residual stress (WRS) predictions in pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary cooling loop components containing dissimilar metal (DM) welds. These stresses are of interest as DM welds in PWRs are susceptible to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) and tensile weld residual stresses are the primary driver of this degradation mechanism. The NRC/EPRI weld residual stress (WRS) analysis validation program consists of four phases, with each phase increasing in complexity from laboratory size specimens to component mock-ups and ex-plant material.

This paper focuses on Phase 2 of the WRS program that included an international Finite Element (FE) WRS round robin and experimental residuals stress measurements using the Deep Hole Drill (DHD) method on pressurizer surge nozzle mock-up. Characterizing variability in the round robin data set is difficult, as there is significant scatter in the data set and the WRS profile is dependent on the form of the material hardening law assumed. The results of this study show that, on average, analysts can develop WRS predictions that are a reasonable estimate for actual configurations as quantified by measurements. Sensitivity studies assist in determining which input parameters provide significant impact on WRSs, with thermal energy input, post-yield stress-strain behavior, and treatment of strain hardening have the greatest impact on DM WRS distributions.
Simulation of Triaxial Residual Stress Mapping for a Hollow Cylinder
Authors: Olson Mitchell D. , Wong Wilson , Hill Michael R.
Published: August 2013

This paper describes a novel method to determine a two-dimensional map of the triaxial residual stress on a radial-axial plane of interest in a hollow cylindrical body. With the description in hand, we present a simulation to validate the steps of the method. The simulation subject is a welded cylindrical nozzle typical of a nuclear power pressurized water reactor pressurizer; in the weld region, the nozzle inner diameter is roughly 132 mm (5.2 inch) and the wall thickness is roughly 35 mm (1.4 inch). The pressure vessel side of the nozzle is carbon steel (with a thin stainless steel lining), the piping side is austenitic stainless steel, and between the two are weld and buttering deposits of nickel alloy. Weld residual stresses in such nozzles have important effects on crack growth rates in fatigue and stress corrosion cracking, therefore measurements of weld residual stress can help provide inputs for managing aging reactor fleets. Nuclear power plant welds often have large and complex geometry, which has made residual stress measurements difficult, and this work provides a proof of concept for a new experimental technique for measurements on welded nozzles.
Enhanced Seasonal Exchange of CO
2
by Northern Ecosystems Since 1960
Authors: Graven H. D. , Keeling R. F. , Piper S. C. , Patra P. K. , Stephens B. B. , Wofsy S. C. , Welp L. R. , Sweeney C. , Tans P. P. , Kelley J. J. , Daube B. C. , Kort E. A. , Santoni G. W. , Bent J. D.
Published: August 2013

Downs and Ups

Every spring, the concentration of CO
2
in the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere decreases as terrestrial vegetation grows, and every fall, CO
2
rises as vegetation dies and rots. Climate change has destabilized the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO
2
such that

Graven
et al.

(p.
1085
, published online 8 August; see the Perspective by

Fung

) have found that the amplitude of the seasonal cycle has exceeded 50% at some latitudes. The only way to explain this increase is if extratropical land ecosystems are growing and shrinking more than they did half a century ago, as a result of changes in the structure and composition of northern ecosystems.
Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is an Innate Immune Sensor of HIV and Other Retroviruses
Authors: Gao Daxing , Wu Jiaxi , Wu You-Tong , Du Fenghe , Aroh Chukwuemika , Yan Nan , Sun Lijun , Chen Zhijian J.
Published: August 2013

HIV Detection Is a (c)GAS

Despite it being one of the most highly studied viruses, there are still many unknowns when it comes to HIV—including how it triggers the innate immune response.

Gao
et al.

(p.
903
, published 8 August) now demonstrate that the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects HIV infection. Reverse-transcribed HIV DNA triggers cGAS and downstream activation of antiviral immunity. Detection of HIV, as well as the retroviruses simian immunodeficiency virus and murine leukemia virus, was abrogated in mouse and human cells deficient in cGAS—suggesting that cGAS may be a critical activator of innate immunity in response to retroviral infection.
Mapping Tectonic Deformation in the Crust and Upper Mantle Beneath Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Zhu Hejun , Tromp Jeroen
Published: August 2013

European History at Depth

The preferential alignment of mineral grains as a result of flow direction can polarize seismic waves traveling through Earth's interior, based on velocity and direction.
Zhu and Tromp
(p.
871
, published online 8 August) mapped this anisotropy beneath the European continent and the North Atlantic Ocean—which are products of several tectonic events across varying temporal and spatial scales—using seismic tomography. The model generated correlates well with plate motion in the region, and, compared to geodetic measurements, much of the anisotropic features are consistent with modern strain rates. Some features below Eastern Europe, however, appear to be remnants of tectonic events that occurred over 350 million years ago.
Protection Against Malaria by Intravenous Immunization with a Nonreplicating Sporozoite Vaccine
Authors: Seder Robert A. , Chang Lee-Jah , Enama Mary E. , Zephir Kathryn L. , Sarwar Uzma N. , Gordon Ingelise J. , Holman LaSonji A. , James Eric R. , Billingsley Peter F. , Gunasekera Anusha , Richman Adam , Chakravarty Sumana , Manoj Anita , Velmurugan Soundarapandian , Li MingLin , Ruben Adam J. , Li Tao , Eappen Abraham G. , Stafford Richard E. , Plummer Sarah H. , Hendel Cynthia S. , Novik Laura , Costner Pamela J. M. , Mendoza Floreliz H. , Saunders Jamie G. , Nason Martha C. , Richardson Jason H. , Murphy Jittawadee , Davidson Silas A. , Richie Thomas L. , Sedegah Martha , Sutamihardja Awalludin , Fahle Gary A. , Lyke Kirsten E. , Laurens Matthew B. , Roederer Mario , Tewari Kavita , Epstein Judith E. , Sim B. Kim Lee , Ledgerwood Julie E. , Graham Barney S. , Hoffman Stephen L. ,   the VRC 312 Study Team, DiGiovanni Cassandra , Williams Pernell , Luongo Nicole , Mitchell Jillian , Florez Maria Burgos , Larkin Brenda , Berkowitz Nina , Wilson Brandon , Clarke Tanya , Vasilenko Olga , Yamshchikov Galina , Sitar Sandra , Stanford LaChonne , Pittman Iris , Bailer Robert T. , Casazza Joseph , Decederfelt Hope , Starling Judith , Williams Esther C. , Lau Anna , Antonara Stella , Brocious Jeffery , Kemp Margaret , Inglese James , Dranchak Patricia , Abot Esteban N. , Reyes Sharina , Ganeshan Harini , Belmonte Maria , Huang Jun , Belmonte Arnel , Komisar Jack , Abebe Yonas , Getachew Yeab , Patil Asha , Matheny Steve , Nelson Keith , Overby James , Pich Virak , Wen Yingda , Fan Richard , Fomumbod Enni , Awe Aderonke , Chakiath Chinnamma , King Mary , Orozco Maria Socorro , Murshedkar Tooba , Padilla Debbie , Jiang Bing , Gao Lixin , KC Natasha , Xu Rui , Adams Matthew , Plowe Christopher , Loblein Hayley , Renehan Phyllis Zaia , Kunchai Meghan , Diep Ly
Published: August 2013

Malaria Sporozoite Vaccine

Each year, hundreds of millions of people are infected with
Plasmodium falciparum
, the mosquito-borne parasite that causes malaria. A preventative vaccine is greatly needed.

Seder
et al.

(p.
1359
, published online 8 August; see the Perspective by

Good

) now report the results from a phase I clinical trial where subjects were immunized intravenously with a whole, attenuated sporozoite vaccine. Three of 9 subjects who received four doses and zero of 6 subjects who received five doses of the vaccine went on to develop malaria after controlled malaria infection. Both antibody titers and cellular immune responses correlated positively with the dose of vaccine received, suggesting that both arms of the adaptive immune response may have participated in the observed protection.
Molecular Mechanism for Plant Steroid Receptor Activation by Somatic Embryogenesis Co-Receptor Kinases
Authors: Santiago Julia , Henzler Christine , Hothorn Michael
Published: August 2013

Steroid Receptor Signaling

Plant brassinosteroids signal to diverse pathways in plant physiology. These steroid hormones are perceived at the cell surface, where they bind to the receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1).

Santiago
et al.

(p.
889
, published online 8 August) now show that somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 1 (SERK1) complexes with BRI1. Together, these receptor kinases form the steroid binding site, with the hormone acting as a “molecular glue” that stabilizes the interaction. Hormone-induced heteromerization of BRI1 with SERK1 leads to the activation of the cytoplasmic signaling cascade, triggering plant growth and differentiation.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Euryhalocaulis caribicus
Strain JL2009
T
, a New Member of the Family
Hyphomonadaceae
Isolated from the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Zhang Yao , Zhao Zihao , Deng Wenchao , Xie Xiabing , Jiao Nianzhi
Published: August 2013

Euryhalocaulis caribicus
strain JL2009
T
is a novel genus and species of the family
Hyphomonadaceae
and was first isolated from surface water in the Caribbean Sea. Here, we report the first draft genome from this genus. Its genome contains genes encoding proteins that are involved in organic acid metabolism and probable low-affinity inorganic phosphate transporters, which suggests its competence in oligotrophic oceans.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Fish-PathogenicMycobacteriumsp. Strain 012931, Isolated from Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata)
Authors: Kurokawa Satoru , Kabayama Jun , Nho Seong Won , Hwang Seong Don , Hikima Jun-ichi , Jung Tae Sung , Kondo Hidehiro , Hirono Ikuo , Takeyama Haruko , Aoki Takashi
Published: August 2013

The genusMycobacteriumcomprises a large number of well-characterized species, several of which are human and animal pathogens. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence ofMycobacteriumsp. strain 012931, a fish pathogen responsible for huge losses in aquaculture farms in Japan. The strain was isolated from a marine fish, yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata).
Genome Sequence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strain 10JJ-SKR, Belonging to Genotype 1d
Authors: Joo Soo-Kyung , Lim Seong-In , Jeoung Hye-Young , Song Jae-Young , Oem Jae-Ku , Mun Seong-Hwan , An Dong-Jun
Published: August 2013

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belonging to genotype 1d, strain 10JJ-SKR, which was isolated from cattle. The complete genome is 12,267 nucleotides (nt) in length, with a single large open reading frame. This is the first report of a BVDV belonging to genotype 1d and will enable further study of the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of this virus.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas stutzeri Strain B1SMN1, a Nitrogen-Fixing and Naphthalene-Degrading Strain Isolated from Wastewater
Authors: Busquets Antonio , Peña Arantxa , Gomila Margarita , Mayol Joan , Bosch Rafael , Nogales Balbina , García-Valdés Elena , Bennasar Antonio , Lalucat Jorge
Published: August 2013

Pseudomonas stutzeri
strain B1SMN1 is a naphthalene-degrading and simultaneously nitrogen-fixing strain isolated from a wastewater sample taken at a lagooning treatment plant in Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Here we report the draft genome sequence of
P. stutzeri
B1SMN1. It is composed of a chromosome of an estimated size of 5.2 Mb and two plasmids of 44,324 bp and 56,118 bp.
Genome Sequence of Serratia plymuthica Strain S13, an Endophyte with Germination- and Plant-Growth-Promoting Activity from the Flower of Styrian Oil Pumpkin
Authors: Müller Henry , Fürnkranz Michael , Grube Martin , Berg Gabriele
Published: August 2013

The bacterium
Serratia plymuthica
strain S13 was demonstrated to colonize various plant-associated microhabitats and to suppress damping-off diseases. The completed genome sequence has a size of 5.5 Mb, containing 4,957 putative protein-encoding regions, and will be used to identify genetic determinants enabling the bacterium to escort a plant's entire life cycle.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Exiguobacterium pavilionensis
Strain RW-2, with Wide Thermal, Salinity, and pH Tolerance, Isolated from Modern Freshwater Microbialites
Authors: White Richard Allen , Grassa Christopher J. , Suttle Curtis A.
Published: August 2013

We report the draft genome sequence of
Exiguobacterium pavilionensis
strain RW-2, isolated from a cold thrombolytic microbialite. The isolate grows at temperatures from 4 to 50°C, at pH levels from 5 to 11, and in media without added NaCl or KCl or with 7% added NaCl.
The Draft Genome Sequence of Sphingomonas paucimobilis Strain HER1398 (
Proteobacteria
), Host to the Giant PAU Phage, Indicates That It Is a Member of the Genus
Sphingobacterium
(
Bacteroidetes
)
Authors: White Richard Allen , Suttle Curtis A.
Published: August 2013

The draft genome sequence of
Sphingomonas paucimobilis
host index number (HER) 1398, host of the giant PAU phage isolated from silk moths (
Bombyx mori
), indicates that this isolate belongs within the genus
Sphingobacterium
. We suggest that
Sphingomonas paucimobilis
strain HER1398 be reclassified as
Sphingobacterium paucimobilis
strain HER1398.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp.
lactis
Strain YF11
Authors: Du Yuhui , Song Lifu , Feng Wenjing , Pei Guangsheng , Zheng Ping , Yu Zhichao , Sun Jibin , Qiao Jianjun
Published: August 2013

Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
lactis
strain YF11 is a food preservative bacterium with a high capacity to produce nisin. Here, we announce the draft genome sequence of
Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
lactis
YF11 (2,527,433 bp with a G+C content of 34.81%).
Complete Genome Sequence of
Clostridium
sp. Strain DL-VIII, a Novel Solventogenic
Clostridium
Species Isolated from Anaerobic Sludge
Authors: Taghavi Safiyh , Izquierdo Javier A. , van der Lelie Daniel
Published: August 2013

We report the genome sequence of
Clostridium
sp. strain DL-VIII, a novel Gram-positive, endospore-forming, solventogenic bacterium isolated from activated anaerobic sludge of a wastewater treatment plant. Aside from a complete
sol
operon, the 6,477,357-bp genome of DL-VIII reveals genes for several unique enzymes with applications in lignocellulose degradation, including two phenolic acid decarboxylases.
Whole-Genome Sequence of the Potentially Hypertransmissible Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Strain OM-V02_005
Authors: Tateishi Yoshitaka , Tamaru Aki , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Niki Mamiko , Wada Takayuki , Yamamoto Taro , Hirata Kazuto , Hayashi Tetsuya , Matsumoto Sohkichi
Published: August 2013

We report the draft genome sequence of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Beijing strain OM-V02_005, which exhibits possible hypertransmissible characteristics among the population of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Osaka Prefecture, the largest urban area in western Japan.
Gluteal compartment syndrome with severe rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Narayan Nitisha , Griffiths Martin , Patel Hasu D L
Published: August 2013

Gluteal compartment syndrome is a rare entity but a recognised complication of prolonged immobilisation. It can present as renal failure as a result of severe rhabdomyolysis and can lead to sepsis and death. We report a case of gluteal compartment syndrome in a 25-year-old man who was found unconscious following intoxication with alcohol and cocaine of an unknown duration. He presented with tense tight left buttock swelling, right thigh swelling, cold immobile extremeties and acute renal failure. Immediate left gluteal, thigh and calf fasciotomy resulting in an improvement of lower limb and renal function.
Hypothyroidism and acute kidney injury: an unusual association
Authors: Neves Precil Diego Miranda de Menezes , Bridi Ramaiane Aparecida , Balbi André Luis , Ponce Daniela
Published: August 2013

Association between severe hypothyroidism and acute kidney injury (AKI) is rare. A 40-year-old woman presented with 15 days history of generalised muscle pain, weakness, weight gain and oedema. Medical history: hypertension and hypothyroidism. Physical examination: dry skin, peripheral/periorbital oedema, slow thought and speaking, thyroid increased. Laboratory examinations: high levels of creatine kinase , creatinine, uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase. Free T4 was very low (<0.3 ng/dL) and thyroid-stimulating hormone was high (21.7 µIU/mL). Urinalysis showed haem pigment without haematuria. We performed the diagnosis of AKI secondary to hypothyroidism-induced rhabdomyolysis. Intravenous fluids were started, urinary alkalisation and increased l-thyroxine dose replacement. On the day after admission, forced diuresis with furosemide was introduced leading to a progressive improvement of symptoms. Although hypothyroidism and AKI is unusual, it should be suspected in patients presenting decrease of renal function and high creatine kinase in the absence of other causes of rhabdomyolysis.
Consent for the use of human biological samples for biomedical research: a mixed methods study exploring the UK public's preferences
Authors: Lewis Celine , Clotworthy Margaret , Hilton Shona , Magee Caroline , Robertson Mark J , Stubbins Lesley J , Corfield Julie
Published: August 2013

Objective

A mixed-methods study exploring the UK general public's views towards consent for the use of biosamples for biomedical research.

Setting

Cross-sectional population-based focus groups followed by an online survey.

Participants

12 focus groups (81 participants) selectively sampled to reflect a range of demographic groups; 1110 survey responders recruited through a stratified sampling method with quotas set on sex, age, geographical location, socioeconomic group and ethnicity.

Main outcome measures

(1) Views on the importance of consent when donating residual biosamples for medical research; (2) preferences for opt-in or opt-out consent approaches and (3) preferences for different consent models.

Results

Participants believed obtaining consent for use of residual biosamples was important as it was ‘morally correct’ to ask, and enabled people to make an active choice and retain control over their biosamples. Survey responders preferred opt-in consent (55%); the strongest predictor was being from a low socioeconomic group (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.57, p=0.001) and having a religious affiliation (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.81, p=0.04). Focus group participants had a slight preference for opt-out consent because by using this approach more biosamples would be available and facilitate research. Concerning preferred models of consent for research use of biosamples, survey responders preferred specific consent with recontact for each study for which their biosamples are eligible. Focus group participants preferred generic consent as it provided ‘flexibility for researchers’ and reduced the likelihood that biosamples would be wasted. The strongest predictor for preferring specific consent was preferring opt-in consent (OR 4.58, 95% CI 3.30 to 6.35, p=0.015) followed by non-‘White’ ethnicity (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.23 to 7.14, p<0.001).

Conclusions

There is a preference among the UK public for ongoing choice and control over donated biosamples; however, increased knowledge and opportunity for discussion is associated with acceptance of less restrictive consent models for some people.
Socioeconomic position and incidence of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Uthman Olalekan A , Jadidi Elham , Moradi Tahereh
Published: August 2013

Background

Low socioeconomic position (SEP) has been associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality from many diseases. We investigated the associations between gastric cancer incidence and education, occupation and income as indicators for SEP.

Methods

We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies on SEP and gastric cancer incidence published from 1966 through February 2013. We used a random-effect model to pool the risk estimates from the individual studies. The relative indexes of inequality (RIIs) with their 95% CIs were used as summary estimates. We stratified the analysis by SEP indicators, sex, country's income group, geographical area, level of adjustment for an established risk factor, publication year, study design, type of control and length of follow-up.

Results

Of 1549 citations, 36 studies met our inclusion criteria. We observed an increased risk of gastric cancer among the lowest SEP categories in education (RII=2.97; 95% CI 1.923 to 4.58), occupation (RII=4.33; 95% CI 2.57 to 7.29) and combined SEP (RII=2.64; 95% CI 1.05 to 6.63) compared with the highest SEP categories. Although the association between the incidence of gastric cancer and the level of income is evident, it did not reach a statistically significant level (RII=1.25; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.68).

Conclusions

We found that the risk of gastric cancer incidence is higher among low SEP groups.
Patient needs from general practice following a traumatic injury: a qualitative study using narrative interviews with British service personnel
Authors: Bailey Thomas R
Published: August 2013

Objectives

To explore the first period of sick leave in military patients following a traumatic battle injury, and the role of primary care. To identify if and where patients perceived difficulties.

Method

Participants were recruited from The Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Headley Court on their second admission. Purposive sampling was used to access a range of different injuries and experiences. Nine patients were interviewed at DMRC where they were asked to recount their stories throughout rehabilitation. Thematic and structural analysis of the narrative accounts was applied.

Results

The majority of problems encountered by the participants occurred during their initial period of sick leave between Royal Centre for Defence Medicine (RCDM), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, and DMRC. Participants often had difficulty identifying who to contact if they had a problem on sick leave, with many ringing secondary care directly. Time spent travelling to medical reviews was identified as affecting the quality of leave.

Conclusions

There is a need for greater patient understanding regarding whom to contact should they develop problems while on sick leave. A patient passport containing all discharge documentation and simplified contact details may help reduce patient confusion regarding whom to contact. GPs require greater awareness and understanding of the complexity of these patients’ injuries and the need for early secondary care review to prevent delayed or inappropriate admissions. Most problems that patients face will occur on their first period of sick leave. Reducing the time spent on sick leave before admission to DMRC would limit the likelihood of problems occurring at this high-risk time.
Retraction
Authors: Vareille Marjolaine , Kieninger Elisabeth , Alves Marco P. , Kopf Brigitte S. , Möller Alexander , Geiser Thomas , Johnston Sebastian L. , Edwards Michael R. , Regamey Nicolas
Published: August 2013

Vareille M, Kieninger E, Alves MP,et al. Impaired type I and type III interferon induction and rhinovirus control in human cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.Thorax2012;67:517-25. This article has been retracted.

In our article recently published inThorax, we described a novel mechanism explaining the increased susceptibility of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to rhinovirus infections, namely defective interferon type I and III production by CF airway epithelial cells. In experiments performed after publication of the article we were unable to consistently replicate our findings of deficient interferon type I and III production by CF airway epithelial cells upon rhinovirus infection. In the light of these results, we carried out detailed investigations of the data reported in the above manuscript and regrettably found evidence of deliberate manipulation of experimental data by the first author Dr M. Vareille. This manipulation was accompanied in some instances by absence of original data files. The manipulation/original data absence involved data presented in most, if not all of the figures, thus we wish to fully retract the paper and apologise to the readers ofThoraxand to the scientific community for the inconvenience this has caused.

We also checked data published by our group in manuscripts on which Dr Vareille was a co-author and found that data published in these manuscripts had not been manipulated. These two manuscripts, whose data and conclusions we stand by are:

Edwards MR, Regamey N, Vareille M,et al.Impaired innate interferon induction in severe therapy resistant atopic asthmatic children.Mucosal Immunol2013;6:797–806. doi: 10.1038/mi.2012.118.

and

Kieninger E, Vareille M, Kopf BS,et al. Lack of an exaggerated inflammatory response on virus infection in cystic fibrosis.Eur Respir J2012;39:297–304. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00054511.

Dr. Vareille has received a letter from the Secretary General of the University of Bern condemning her scientific misconduct as a severe offence against the rules of scientific integrity. Her current employers have also been informed.

All co-authors of the publication including Dr. Vareille concur with the retraction statement.
Asymbiotic germination of mature seeds and protocorm development ofPseudorchis albida(Orchidaceae) are inhibited by nitrates even at extremely low concentrations
Authors: Ponert Jan , Figura Tomáš , Vosolsobě Stanislav , Lipavská Helena , Vohník Martin , Jersáková Jana
Published: August 2013

Orchidaceae is one of the most endangered plant families, and in vitro propagation techniques play an irreplaceable role in its conservation. While some orchids germinate readily in asymbiotic conditions in vitro, many are reluctant for no obvious reason. The latter group includes Pseudorchis albida, a green terrestrial orchid whose populations are in considerable decline throughout its distribution range. We tested a wide spectrum of cultivation media designed for other terrestrial orchids to identify key components for P. albida mature seed germination and protocorm development. Specifically, we focused on nitrate concentrations and the presence or absence of trehalose, sucrose, and kinetin. Nitrates strongly inhibited both germination and protocorm development, even at surprisingly low concentrations (2 mg NO3−·dm−3). Trehalose inhibited seed germination but slightly promoted protocorm development. The highest germination rates were obtained on media containing both kinetin and sucrose and no nitrates, while the fastest protocorm development occurred on media lacking kinetin. Our results imply that even very low nitrogen depositions in natural populations of P. albida may inhibit its recruitment and might therefore represent one of the major causes of the decline of P. albida.
The impact of fire on seismic resistance of fibre reinforced polymer strengthened concrete structural systems
Authors: Bénichou Noureddine , Mostafaei Hossein , Green Mark F. , Hollingshead Kevin
Published: August 2013

This paper presents the results of a research project to study the seismic resistance of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthened concrete members after fire exposure. Specifically, the paper presents results of FRP strengthened reinforced concrete columns exposed to a standard fire including temperatures measured during the test and a discussion of the loads applied to the columns. Finally, the paper also presents the impact of lateral loading on structural columns after fire to assess the effectiveness of structural resistance of fire-damaged FRP strengthened building elements in case of an earthquake. Numerical models to simulate the lateral behaviour are presented and the predictions are compared to the test results. Since the FRP strengthened columns were insulated with fire protection, the lateral load resistance of the unstrengthened column was reduced by less than 5% due to fire exposure.
Development of a PCR assay for rapid detection ofCronobacterspp. from food
Authors: Chen Wanyi , Ai Lianzhong , Yang Jielin , Ren Jing , Li Yunfei , Guo Benheng
Published: August 2013

The occurrence of outbreaks of necrotizing meningitis caused by Cronobacter spp. in neonates highlights the need for rapid detection and accurate identification of this pathogenic species. The gold standard for isolation and identification of Cronobacter spp. from powdered infant formula is time consuming and labor intensive. The gyrB gene that encodes the B subunit of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase type II) was found to be suitable for the identification of Cronobacter spp. A region of the gyrB gene of 38 Cronobacter spp. strains and 5 Enterobacter spp. strains was amplified and sequenced, and a pair of primers was designed and synthesized based on the sequence of the gyrB gene. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system was developed and optimized to detect Cronobacter spp. The PCR assay amplified a 438 bp DNA product from all 38 Cronobacter spp. strains tested but not from 34 other bacteria. The detection limit was 1.41 pg/PCR (equivalent 282 genomic copies) when the genomic DNA of Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544 was 10-fold diluted. Infant formula powders from 3 different commercial brands were inoculated with strains ATCC 29544 at a level of 56 colony-forming units, and the target fragment were produced after samples were enriched for 6 h at 37 °C. Twenty-five food samples were evaluated by the PCR assay and the conventional method. A PCR product of the expected size was obtained from 3 samples; however, Cronobacter spp. strains were isolated from only 2 samples by the conventional method. This method is a useful tool for rapid identification of Cronobacter spp. in food and potentially environmental samples.
Constitutive β-Catenin Activation Induces Male-Specific Tumorigenesis in the Bladder Urothelium
Authors: Lin Congxing , Yin Yan , Stemler Kristina , Humphrey Peter , Kibel Adam S. , Mysorekar Indira U. , Ma Liang
Published: August 2013

The incidence for bladder urothelial carcinoma, a common malignancy of the urinary tract, is about three times higher in men than in women. Although this gender difference has been primarily attributed to differential exposures, it is likely that underlying biologic causes contribute to the gender inequality. In this study, we report a transgenic mouse bladder tumor model upon induction of constitutively activated β-catenin signaling in the adult urothelium. We showed that the histopathology of the tumors observed in our model closely resembled that of the human low-grade urothelial carcinoma. In addition, we provided evidence supporting the KRT5-positive;KRT7-negative (KRT5+; KRT7−) basal cells as the putative cells-of-origin for β-catenin–induced luminal tumor. Intriguingly, the tumorigenesis in this model showed a marked difference between opposite sexes; 40% of males developed macroscopically detectable luminal tumors in 12 weeks, whereas only 3% of females developed tumors. We investigated the mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism in pathogenesis and showed that nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor (AR) in the urothelial cells is a critical mechanism contributing to tumor development in male mice. Finally, we carried out global gene profiling experiments and defined the molecular signature for the β-catenin–induced tumorigenesis in males. Altogether, we have established a model for investigating sexual dimorphism in urothelial carcinoma development, and implicated synergy between β-catenin signaling and androgen/AR signaling in carcinogenesis of the basal urothelial cells. Cancer Res; 73(19); 5914–25. ©2013 AACR.
An Antibody That Locks HER3 in the Inactive Conformation Inhibits Tumor Growth Driven by HER2 or Neuregulin
Authors: Garner Andrew P. , Bialucha Carl U. , Sprague Elizabeth R. , Garrett Joan T. , Sheng Qing , Li Sharon , Sineshchekova Olga , Saxena Parmita , Sutton Cammie R. , Chen Dongshu , Chen Yan , Wang Huiqin , Liang Jinsheng , Das Rita , Mosher Rebecca , Gu Jian , Huang Alan , Haubst Nicole , Zehetmeier Carolin , Haberl Manuela , Elis Winfried , Kunz Christian , Heidt Analeah B. , Herlihy Kara , Murtie Joshua , Schuller Alwin , Arteaga Carlos L. , Sellers William R. , Ettenberg Seth A.
Published: August 2013

HER2/HER3 dimerization resulting from overexpression of HER2 or neuregulin (NRG1) in cancer leads to HER3-mediated oncogenic activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Although ligand-blocking HER3 antibodies inhibit NRG1-driven tumor growth, they are ineffective against HER2-driven tumor growth because HER2 activates HER3 in a ligand-independent manner. In this study, we describe a novel HER3 monoclonal antibody (LJM716) that can neutralize multiple modes of HER3 activation, making it a superior candidate for clinical translation as a therapeutic candidate. LJM716 was a potent inhibitor of HER3/AKT phosphorylation and proliferation in HER2-amplified and NRG1-expressing cancer cells, and it displayed single-agent efficacy in tumor xenograft models. Combining LJM716 with agents that target HER2 or EGFR produced synergistic antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. In particular, combining LJM716 with trastuzumab produced a more potent inhibition of signaling and cell proliferation than trastuzumab/pertuzumab combinations with similar activity in vivo. To elucidate its mechanism of action, we solved the structure of LJM716 bound to HER3, finding that LJM716 bound to an epitope, within domains 2 and 4, that traps HER3 in an inactive conformation. Taken together, our findings establish that LJM716 possesses a novel mechanism of action that, in combination with HER2- or EGFR-targeted agents, may leverage their clinical efficacy in ErbB-driven cancers. Cancer Res; 73(19); 6024–35. ©2013 AACR.
Controlled Ovarian Stimulation Using a Long Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist Protocol: A Proof of Concept and Feasibility Study
Authors: Weissman Ariel , Ravhon Amir , Steinfeld Zohar , Nahum Hana , Golan Abraham , Levran David
Published: August 2013

Background/Aims: To evaluate the feasibility of a long protocol of controlled ovarian stimulation prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist used for pituitary and ovarian suppression. Methods: Thirty patients undergoing IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection were randomized into two groups. The control group (n = 16) received a standard flexible GnRH antagonist protocol. Ovarian stimulation consisted of 225 IU/day of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone for 5 days, followed by 225 IU/day of human menopausal gonadotropin until human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. The study group (n = 14) received 0.25 mg of GnRH antagonist daily for 7 days, thereafter, upon confirmation of pituitary and ovarian suppression, ovarian stimulation was commenced with the same protocol as used in the control group. Hormone and follicle dynamics, as well as laboratory characteristics and cycle outcome, were compared for both groups. Results: Both groups were comparable in baseline characteristics. Pituitary and ovarian suppression were effectively achieved in 12/14 patients in the study group. The duration of ovarian stimulation and gonadotropin consumption were similar in both groups, as was also the number and size of follicles on hCG day. Conclusion: The results of our study confirm the feasibility of a long GnRH antagonist protocol. This regimen could become another option to optimize GnRH antagonist protocols, and should thus be further explored.
Towards Gene Therapy of Postoperative Adhesions: Fiber and Transcriptional Modifications Enhance Adenovirus Targeting towards Human Adhesion Cells
Authors: Nair S. , Saed G.M. , Atta H.M. , Rajaratnam V. , Diamond M.P. , Curiel D.T. , Al-Hendy A.
Published: August 2013

Postoperative abdominal/pelvic peritoneal adhesions are a major source of morbidity (bowel obstruction, infertility, ectopic gestation as well as chronic pelvic pain) in women. In this study, we screened various transduction and transcription modifications of adenovirus (Ad) to identify those that support maximal Ad-mediated gene delivery to human adhesion fibroblasts, which in turn would enhance the efficacy of this novel treatment/preventative strategy for postoperative adhesions. We transduced primary cultures of human peritoneal adhesion fibroblasts with fiber-modified Ad vectors Ad5-RGD-luc, Ad5-Sigma-luc, Ad5/3-luc and Ad5-CAV2-luc as well as transcriptional targeting viruses Ad5-survivin-luc, Ad5-heparanase-luc, Ad5-mesothelin (MSLN)-CRAd-luc and Ad5-secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI)-luc, and compared their activity to wild-type Ad5-luc. At 48 h, luciferase activity was measured and normalized to the total protein content in the cells. Among the fiber-modified Ad vectors, Ad5-Sigma-luc and among the transcriptional targeting modified Ad vectors, Ad5-MSLN-CRAd-luc showed significantly increased expression levels of luciferase activity at 5, 10 and 50 plaque forming units/cell in adhesion fibroblast cells compared with wild-type Ad5-luc (p < 0.05). Specific modifications of Ad improve their gene delivery efficiency towards human peritoneal adhesion fibroblasts. Developing a safe localized method to prevent/treat postoperative adhesion formation would have a major impact on women health.
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in the Wake of the Clots in Legs Or sTockings after Stroke (CLOTS) Study
Authors: Jain Palbha , Ward Elizabeth , Nevatte Tracy , Roffe Christine
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose—

In the United Kingdom, compressive stockings were standard care in all stroke units until the publication of the Clots in Legs Or sTockings after Stroke (CLOTS) trial results in May 2009, which concluded that stockings were ineffective. The aim of this audit was to assess whether this change in practice was associated with any change in venous thromboembolism incidence in routine clinical practice.

Method—

All stroke register entries at the University Hospital of North Staffordshire from 2 years before the publication of the CLOTS trial results to 2 years after were identified and included in this audit. The hospital radiology reporting system was then cross-checked for evidence of venous thromboembolism on computed tomography pulmonary angiogram, ventilation/perfusion lung scan, and leg Doppler reports.

Results—

There were 773 patients in the before cohort and 861 in the after cohort (mean age, 74/74 years; men, 47%/45%; and ischemic stroke, 87%/85%, respectively). Symptomatic venous thromboembolism incidence was the same in both cohorts, 21 (2.7%) in the before cohort and 26 (3.0%) in the after cohort (
P
=0.8). There was a trend toward more deep vein thrombosis (9 [1.2%] versus 19 [2.2%];
P
=0.1) and fewer pulmonary embolisms (12 [1.6%] versus 6 [0.7%];
P
=0.2) in the after cohort.

Conclusions—

Discontinuation of compressive stockings did not increase venous thromboembolism incidence. There was a trend toward more deep vein thrombosis and fewer PEs after CLOTS, which might be because of increased clinical vigilance in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, but a chance variation cannot be excluded.
Deuteronomy 19:15–19 in the Damascus Document and Early Midrash
Authors: Naeh Shlomo , Shemesh Aharon
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Damascus Document 9:16–10:3—the sectarian rule of testimony—presents serious difficulties that have challenged scholars for years. In light of the evidence from Qumran Cave 4, we suggest an emendation and a new reading of the passage. This reading reflects an understanding of the pentateuchal laws of testimony in Deut 19:15–19, which is markedly different from the conventional reading of this biblical pericope and the established halakhah. A similar understanding of the biblical passage is also echoed in early rabbinic sources.
Towards a Theological Reading of Multifaith Spaces
Authors: Biddington Terry
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Despite the existence of occasional shared or mixed religious spaces in the past, ‘multifaith spaces’ are relatively new phenomena and issues about their purpose, design, management, use and value are still emerging. While there is no ‘theology of multifaith spaces’, this article pursues an initial theological reading asking: how multifaith spaces relate to the heterotopias, non-spaces and Thirdspaces of some social theorists; what the theological issues around multifaith spaces are for those religious believers who use them; what theological approaches and language might begin to name and explore the potential of multifaith spaces for new shared understandings of human identity; and how multifaith spaces relate to notions of God.
What Spirit(s), Which Public(s)? The Pneumatologies of Global Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity
Authors: Yong Amos
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Modern Pentecostalism, named after the Day of Pentecost event in Acts 2, has come to be associated with a theology of the Spirit. Yet whether contemporary pentecostal theology has a coherent understanding of the Spirit, or whether the plurality of pentecostal and charismatic Christianities presume a diversity of pneumatologies instead, are open questions. This article suggests how the many tongues of the Spirit poured out on all flesh on the Day of Pentecost can be said to anticipate the multiplicity of theologies of the Spirit in the present global renewal landscape. Yet it is also precisely herein that historic and contemporary Pentecostalisms and their interfaces with the public square provide opportunities and present challenges for the ongoing discussion of the doctrine of the Spirit in particular and for the public theological task in general.
The Ubiquity of Christ and the Sites of Redemption: William Stringfellow, Ecclesiology and the Powers
Authors: Werntz Myles
Published: August 2013

Abstract

In current theological discourse, the role of congregations in the struggle against the ‘powers and principalities’ moves in one of two directions: either ‘church’ is treated reductively in terms of what it provides for social gains (and thus not what it provides independently of social activism), or ‘church’ as a particularist space is negated entirely. This article argues that the work of William Stringfellow provides a resource for thinking productively about the role of churches within larger social struggles against what theology has termed ‘the powers and principalities’. In Stringfellow’s work, this article claims, we see a model for how ecclesiastical space and ‘worldly space’ can join together in ways that do not negate the integrity of either ‘church’ or ‘world’, while still making use of the ‘powers’ discourse in theologically productive ways.