bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feruloilación en forrajes: impacto en nutrición de rumiantes y cómo prevenirlo
Authors: Barquero Vinicio , Cordero-Somoza Sergio , Villalobos Luis
Published: June 2024

La formación de la pared celular de las plantas involucra procesos complejos en donde los componentes que la forman varían conforme la planta se desarrolla. La estructura y composición de las paredes celulares en pastos limita la disponibilidad de los polisacáridos estructurales, principalmente como resultado de los compuestos fenólicos. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar un mejor entendimiento de la síntesis de pared celular y los procesos de desarrollo y crecimiento en pastos. Se consultaron investigaciones científicas relacionadas con el proceso de feruloilación, específicamente sobre la modificación de la composición de la pared celular y su impacto en la nutrición de los rumiantes. Este proceso genera un cese en el crecimiento de la planta debido a la deposición de tejidos que forman la pared celular, lo cual reduce la degradabilidad del forraje y el contenido energético; esto da como resultado un pasto de menor digestibilidad. Estudios recientes han proporcionado estrategias culturales y genéticas para prevenir o controlar las afectaciones de la feruloilación. Mediante la modificación genética, se pueden inactivar genes involucrados en el proceso, de manera que los carbohidratos no se depositen en materiales estructurales y estén disponibles para los rumiantes. Debido a la poca investigación y los cambios que genera en las propiedades fisicoquímicas de la pared celular, su alcance en la producción de pasturas se considera limitado en este momento.
Perceptions of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on academics’ teaching, and research key performance areas (KPAs)
Authors: Singh Upasana , Gerwel-Proches Cecile , Quilling Rosemary Diane
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic forced education systems and institutions to rethink how they operate. A new normal is emerging, where Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are reshaping how they teach, assess and interact. This exploratory research highlights the need for institutions to embrace the tenets of University 4.0 while raising a number of issues related to how academics’ performance is measured, and thus consider if performance management systems are able to adapt in tandem. This paper presents the results of a study that set out to investigate perceptions of academics in a public higher educational institution in South Africa on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their teaching and research key performance areas (KPAs) used in their institution, as these are used to monitor and manage academics. This study adopted a qualitative research approach with purposeful sampling so that a range of views from academics and leadership at this institution were included. The results suggest that where implemented, performance management needs to be realigned to the new approaches to teaching and research adopted by academics since the COVID-19 pandemic.
Experiences of transformational leaders practising social-emotional learning in a time of crisis
Authors: Van Reenen Mariksa , Triegaardt Paul
Published: June 2024

This research focused on investigating how adopting a Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) approach to leadership influenced the learning culture in low-decile Limpopo, South African schools amid the challenges posed by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. The study employed the Head, Heart, and Hands Transformational Leadership Model as its theoretical framework. Through workshops with school leaders, the researchers gathered the leaders experiences and insights, revealing the difficulties faced by them during the pandemic and the strategies they employed to ensure continuous learning. The study underscores the significance of SEL in fostering mindfulness, self-mastery, and effective communication and relationship-building skills. The researchers recommend providing SEL training for school leaders and integrating SEL into teacher training programmes. Ultimately, the study contributes to advancing both theory and practice in the realm of SEL leadership, particularly in crises.
An overview of the causes of dyscalculia and its impact on learners’ arithmetic ability
Authors: Molise Dineo Charmaine , Kakoma Luneta
Published: June 2024

Some children experience severe struggles in understanding mathematical concepts. A condition called ‘dyscalculia’ impairs learners’ capacity and limits their ability to perform and comprehend a mathematical concept. This study identifies factors that contribute to the weak academic performance by learners in mathematics. An empirical approach was used to gather data from a mainstream school and a special school. Interviews were conducted with teachers, occupational therapists, and learners. Virtual interviews included doctors and educational psychologists. The study revealed that learners' ability to learn and comprehend mathematics is influenced by medical, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. The consociate of the factors responsible for mathematical learning could raise awareness and provision to tackle the difficulties of mathematics teaching and learning. The study proposes further research around the development of mathematics curriculum underpinned by teaching and learning materials that accommodate the learning capabilities of learners with dyscalculia.
Evaluation d’une double approche pharmacologique pour l’amélioration de la prise en charge thérapeutique de la contamination pulmonaire au plutonium
Authors: BOURGOIS A. , VAN DER MEEREN A. , COSLER G. , LE GALLIC C. , GAUTHIER M. , FRANÇOIS S. , GRIFFITHS N. , LE MAOUT S. , RICCOBONO D.
Published: June 2024

Les menaces nucléaires et radiologiques sont des sujets d’actualité. Différents scénarios pourraient conduire à des contaminations internes avec du plutonium (Pu) tels que l’utilisation d’armes nucléaires tactiques, des accidents sur des réacteurs nucléaires civils ou militaires, des actes terroristes (bombes sales) ou encore la nécessité de déployer les forces dans des zones radio-contaminées. Après inhalation, les formes peu solubles de Pu sont majoritairement retenues au niveau des poumons dans les macrophages alvéolaires (MPs). L’acide diéthylène triamine penta acétique (DTPA) est actuellement le traitement de référence dans ce contexte. Néanmoins, son efficacité sur les formes peu solubles de Pu et son effet protecteur contre l’apparition de pathologies retardées (fibroses pulmonaires) ne sont pas bien caractérisés. Des études ont donc été initiées afin de préciser ces aspects et d’améliorer la prise en charge de la contamination interne.
L’évaluation est réalisée sur une modèle in vitro de macrophages THP-1 (monocytes humains différenciés). Les cellules sont exposées à des colloïdes de Pu (forme peu soluble) durant 2h avant d’être traitées avec du DTPA et/ou de la dexaméthasone (DEX, molécule anti-inflammatoire) durant 7 jours.
La dissolution du Pu par les macrophages augmente après traitement par le DTPA +/- DEX. La contamination au Pu induit une augmentation significative de la sécrétion de MCP-1 et d’IL-8, alors que les traitements DEX +/- DTPA ont significativement diminués les concentrations de ces deux cytokines, démontrant un effet anti-inflammatoire.
En conclusion, nos premiers résultats suggèrent une capacité du DTPA à partiellement dissoudre les formes peu solubles de Pu internalisées par les MPs. De plus, l’utilisation du double traitement DTPA+DEX préserve leurs effets chélatant et anti-inflammatoire respectifs in vitro. Il constitue donc une approche prometteuse pour l’amélioration de la prise en charge thérapeutique en cas de contamination interne.
Le Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique des Irradiations
Authors: BOBYK L. , VALENTE M.
Published: June 2024

Dans le contexte international actuel, l’éventualité d’une exposition aux rayonnements ionisants dans le cadre d’un acte malveillant sur une centrale nucléaire ou même une frappe nucléaire n’est pas négligeable. Au sein de l’Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, le laboratoire de dosimétrie biologique des irradiations a pour mission de maintenir un niveau d’expertise en dosimétrie biologique et de développer des projets de recherche visant à améliorer le diagnostic d’une exposition aux rayonnements ionisants. La dosimétrie biologique est la technique de référence pour estimer, à partir d’un prélèvement sanguin, la dose à laquelle la personne a été exposée. Les projets de recherche développés par le laboratoire ont pour objectif d’affiner cette estimation de dose mais également de diminuer le délai de rendu des résultats de dosimétrie biologique. L’intelligence artificielle en permettant une automatisation de la détection des aberrations chromosomiques induites par les rayonnements ionisants est un atout non négligeable. D’autre part, la configuration de l’exposition est à considérer, car en théâtre d’opération, reconstituer la configuration d’irradiation pour chaque individu peut se révéler complexe, or il est important de le prendre en compte pour la prise en charge médicale. D’autre part, il est aussi à envisager qu’en plus d’une irradiation l’individu peut être blessé. Cette blessure a une influence à la fois sur les biomarqueurs d’irradiation, mais également sur la capacité de l’individu à se remettre de ces expositions concomitantes. Enfin, l’impact du statut de vulnérabilité ou de stress post-traumatique avant l’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants est également un facteur à considérer qui constitue un projet de recherche du laboratoire.
Caminhar em busca da Cliodiversidad: de Sevilha à Santa Catarina
Authors: Fiorin Evandro , Rodrigues Mara Regina Pagliuso , Simal Julian Sobrino
Published: June 2024

Este artigo aplica uma metodologia de estudo das paisagens históricas da produção, àquela que objetiva levantar e analisar o patrimônio industrial do sul da Espanha, para buscar sua adaptação à leitura da realidade brasileira. A partir do conceito de cliodiversidad, caminhamos ao encontro da história e das ocupações humanas nas paisagens pós-industriais, tendo como recortes: Sevilha e a Ilha de Santa Catarina. Como andarilhos, percorremos antigas áreas marítimo-fabris à procura de rastros do passado, em meio aos fragmentos do presente. Assim, revelamos restos e ruínas que compõem cartografias, onde os valores patrimoniais não são interpretados como algo objetivo e nem, tão pouco, essências atemporais, mas numa relação dinâmica e evolutiva, que se dá ao longo do tempo, entre o homem e o mundo que o rodeia: acolhendo a diversidade para a reescrita de uma nova história.
Role and mechanism of KIAA1429 in regulating cellular ferroptosis and radioresistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhu Peipei , Zhu Dan , Jin Juan , Yang Qianni , Han Xiaodong
Published: June 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common non-cutaneous malignancies, causing significant mortality and a substantial burden. This study aims to explore the role of KIAA1429 (also known as vir-like m6A methyltransferase associated [VIRMA]) protein in the radioresistance of CRC. CRC cells and a radioresistant cell line were cultured, and KIAA1429 expression was detected. After the down-regulation of KIAA1429, its effect on the radioresistance and ferroptosis of cancer cells was analyzed. The role of ferroptosis in radioresistance was verified. The binding relationship among long non-coding RNA endogenous Bornavirus-like nucleoprotein 3, pseudogene (lncRNA EBLN3P), microRNA (miR)-153-3p, and KIAA1429 was analyzed. KIAA1429 and lncRNA EBLN3P were highly expressed in CRC, while miR-153-3p was poorly expressed. KIAA1429 and lncRNA EBLN3P were further increased/decreased in the radioresistant cells. KIAA1429 knockdown decreased the survival rate of the radioresistant cell line after X-ray irradiation and increased gamma H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX), ferroptosis, and oxidative stress. A ferroptosis inhibitor alleviated the inhibitory effect of KIAA1429 knockdown on radioresistance. KIAA1429-mediated m6A modification up-regulated lncRNA EBLN3P, and lncRNA EBLN3P increased KIAA1429 by competitively binding to miR-153-3p. miR-153-3p silencing or lncRNA EBLN3P overexpression attenuated the promotion of ferroptosis and the inhibition of radioresistance induced by KIAA1429 knockdown. Overall, KIAA1429-mediated m6A modification up-regulated lncRNA EBLN3P expression, and lncRNA EBLN3P increased KIAA1429 expression by competitively binding to miR-153-3p, thus reducing ferroptosis and increasing the radioresistance of CRC.
Environmental regulation tools and economic growth
Authors: Gogoleva Tatiana N. , Kostyleva Vita I. , Kanapukhin Pavel A. , Nikitina Larisa M. , Shchepina Irina N.
Published: June 2024

Subject. Negative external environmental effects caused by the rapidly increasing global consumption of coal and oil aimed at ensuring economic growth have a detrimental effect on the environment and human society. Countries adopt different approaches to the problem of pollution and the threat of global climate change, which is explained by the specifics of their economies. This article focuses on the environmental regulation tools which stimulate governments and companies to reduce emissions and introduce technologies neutralising negative external factors.Purpose. To determine the most effective environmental policy tool and identify the nature of the correlation between this tool and economic growth.Methodology. In our study, we used general scientific methods for the analysis of economic phenomena, logical analysis, economic analysis, statistical analysis, and the method of empirical observations based on the analysis of statistical data.Results. The study determined that environmental taxes allow for the best internalisation of the consequences of negative external environmental effects. The dependence between this tool and economic growth was determined, and the specific features of this dependence for the Russian economy were identified.Discussion. The obtained results were compared to the conclusions made by experts in external environmental effects and economic growth. Some explanations for the observed dependence between environmental taxes and economic growth were suggested.Conclusions. The results of the study allowed us to determine the advantages and disadvantages of various environmental policy tools. We can conclude that the stimulating effect of environmental taxes as an optimal environmental policy tool on economic growth depends on the initial characteristics of the studied economic system (the initial level of GDP per capita).
Latest tools for the intensification of research and innovations of educational organisations in the digital environment
Authors: Gumerova Guzel I. , Shaimieva Elmira Sh.
Published: June 2024

Subject. Digitalisation of educational organisations’ activities is impossible without the intensification of all parties of academic and educational processes. At the moment, the effectiveness of digitalisation of educational organisations depends to a large extent on the effectiveness of the innovative activities of management. Purpose. This paper specifies the range of tools for the development and improvement of the results of research and innovation activities of an educational organisation in the course of its virtualisation, considering all participants of this process.Methodology. In this paper we conducted a critical analysis of the works of researchers indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library by the following research areas: “research activities of educational organisations, digital economy” and “innovation activities of educational organisations, digital economy”.Results. A plan was suggested for the intensification of research and innovations, including all participants of these processes: students and academic staff of an educational organisation based on positive non-advertising mentions in mass media where the educational organisation was named as the current place of employment.Conclusions. Specifying the range of tools for developing the innovations and research results of educational organisations in the course of their virtualisation allowed the authors to differentiate between the concepts of “research activities” and “innovation activities” in relation to an individual educational organisation, emphasise the item “Positive non-advertising mentions in mass media with the educational organisation named as the current place of employment” as part of the ranking system of this educational organisation as a tool for the intensification of research and innovation activities of students and academic staff in the digital economy, and show that the intensification of research and innovations of educational organisations in the digital economy is based on intellectual property items.
Элементы бизнес-акселератора: практический анализ российской правовой действительности
Authors: Sukhareva Elizaveta
Published: June 2024

Статья является результатом практического анализа действующих в России бизнес-акселераторов с целью выявления обязательных составных элементов их деятельности, а также подходов к их определению и толкованию. В рамках исследования проанализированы положения об участии в акселерационных программах и внутренние документы бизнес-акселераторов с целью обобщения и систематизации полученных данных. Сформулированы обязательные и факультативные элементы бизнес-акселераторов, дана их правовая оценка в условиях отсутствия нормативно-правового регулирования, проведены неочевидные сравнения и параллели с действующими нормативными актами. Анализ структурных элементов бизнес-акселератора позволяет провести дальнейшие исследования в области их классификации и определения принципов деятельности бизнес-акселераторов. Например, от состава участников зависит распределение финансовых потоков внутри акселератора и их правовое регулирование, а от конкурсной основы при отборе заявок зависит уровень входных барьеров в акселератор и доступность участия в акселерационных программах. С одной стороны, результаты исследования являются фактическим отражением действительности и содержат аналитические данные, необходимые для дальнейших исследований. С другой стороны, выводы и данные могут быть в дальнейшем использованы при формировании концепции правовой модели бизнес-акселератора, в том числе являться предпосылками правового регулирования и легализации модели бизнес-акселератора в России. Наконец, результаты анализа уже на данном этапе развития бизнес-акселераторов могут быть применены при запуске новых акселерационных программ, чтобы новые проекты соответствовали параметрам и критериям бизнес-акселератора и позволяли вести деятельность, основываясь не на стихийных принципах проб и ошибок, а с устойчивым пониманием и прозрачным механизмом деятельности, обеспечивающим равный и справедливый доступ субъектам предпринимательской деятельности к участию в акселерационных программах. Это придает данному исследованию новизну и прикладную ценность.
Утрата территории из-за повышения уровня моря и судьба государства
Authors: Shinkaretskaya Galina
Published: June 2024

Повышение уровня Мирового океана вследствие потепления климата и активного таяния ледников породило серьезные угрозы населению (численностью более 1 млрд. человек) низинных мест планеты, которым грозит полное затопление их территорий, а некоторые расположенные на них государства могут полностью прекратить существование. В конце ХХ века островные тихоокеанские государства призвали международное сообщество обратить внимание на эту проблему. Ими принимаются меры для сооружения оградительных стен и т.п., но такие сооружения требуют непосильных расходов. Общепризнаны четыре элемента, составляющие понятие государства: территория, население, правительство, международная правосубъектность. Его население и правительство могут жить и действовать на территории других государств, но без территории, на которой государство осуществляет суверенное властвование, оно не может существовать. До сих пор отчуждение территории в небольшом числе случаев совершалось самим государством, а большей частью — в результате совершения международного преступления (завоевания или оккупации). Примеров прекращения государства в результате природных явлений в мире не было. Сейчас институт ответственности получает новое содержание: вины за катастрофические события ни на ком нет, а международное сообщество несет ответственность за обеспечение нормального существования угрожаемых государств и их населения. И сами островные государства, и другие члены международного сообщества презюмируют продолжение международной правосубъектности затопленных государств. В практике есть примеры изменения статуса части территории (иногда необычные), например, совместный суверенитет. Чаще встречаются присоединение к другому государству, образование федерации или конфедерации, уступка или аренда территории. Пока нет ни одного предположения о возможной судьбе островных государств при потере ими территории. К анализу проблемы привлечены Комиссия международного права ООН и Международный Суд.
Ограничения прав отцов в уголовном законодательстве
Authors: Barysheva Kseniya , Mamedova Fatima
Published: June 2024

В зарубежном и российском уголовном праве проблема ограничений родительских прав, в частности, отцов относится к числу остро актуальных и является сложным и дискуссионным вопросом. При этом обеспечение равноправия женщин и мужчин является важной задачей государства. Неравенство проявляется и в защите семейных ценностей, так, на примере норм уголовного закона в статье будет проанализирован вопрос меньшей защищенности отцовства в России и смещение акцента в пользу материнства. Данная проблема значима, так как современные тенденции показывают, что общество постепенно уходит от безусловного доминирования женщины в воспитании детей. В отдельных странах женщины вынуждены отстаивать свои права, которые ущемляются на законодательном уровне, тогда как в большинстве развитых стран во многих сферах общественной жизни законы особенно тщательно защищают интересы представительниц слабого пола. В некоторых случаях идет речь и о гендерной дискриминации мужчин. По определенным признакам к этой группе стран относится и Российская Федерация. В настоящей статье сделана попытка проанализировать российское уголовное законодательство на предмет наличия в нем правовых норм, содержащих в себе признаки ограничения прав отцов. Авторы выясняют причины недостаточной защищенности прав отцов, а также умаления роли отца в воспитании детей в контексте дискриминации. Эта статья способствует глубокому пониманию проблемы и может быть полезной законодателям, специалистам в области семейного права и всех, кто интересуется вопросами семьи и родительства в России. Актуальность поднятой темы обусловлена тем фактом, что отечественное уголовное законодательство содержит нормы, которые идут вразрез с принципами гендерного равенства, закрепленного в Российской Федерации на конституционном уровне. При проведении исследования использовались методы контент-анализа, индукции, классификации.
Фронтир биологии и горизонты юриспруденции: влияние исследования природы человеческой агрессии на развитие уголовной юстиции
Authors: Bakharev Dmitry
Published: June 2024

Стремительный рывок, произошедший за последние десятилетия в области нейробиологии и молекулярной генетики, актуализировал проблему познания нейронных и генетических основ социально значимого поведения. В результате все больше ученых в области социальных и поведенческих наук начинает проявлять интерес к подобным исследованиям с целью сверки и корректировки результатов своих работ в данном направлении. Юриспруденция и в первую очередь уголовно-правовые науки, не являются в данном случае исключением. В кругу их специалистов уже давно циркулирует мнение о том, что методики исследований, реализуемые в науках естественно-научного цикла, и добываемые посредством их данные имеет смысл последовательно внедрять в практику правоохранительной деятельности. В статье содержатся результаты анализа ключевых тенденций в области использования нейробиологической и генетической информации в рамках уголовного судопроизводства США по делам о тяжких насильственных преступлениях. К ним следует отнести: последовательный рост числа рассматриваемых уголовных дел, включающих данные нейробиологических исследований; отсутствие у нейробиологических доказательств постоянного «смягчающего» эффекта; более благожелательное восприятие судом и присяжными нейроданных, представляемых стороной защиты по делам о преступлениях несовершеннолетних; увеличение доли апелляционных жалоб обвиняемых на игнорирование либо неэффективное использование их защитниками нейробиологической информации (в рамках «стандарта Стрикленда») и при этом непропорционально большой процент их удовлетворения; фактическое требование судом от адвокатов постоянного мониторинга новейших исследований в данной области, при одновременном применении аналогичного стандарта качества профессиональной деятельности и по отношению к самому себе. Отмечая расхождение этих правоприменительных тенденций с положениями традиционных социологических теорий, объясняющих природу происхождения социальных девиаций, автор формулирует ряд полемических тезисов, научное и практическое обсуждение которых, по его мнению, способно определить перспективы использования достижений биологической науки для развития отечественной сферы уголовной юстиции.
vv 001 Citation: Sai YRKM (2021) Vildagliptin-Metformin: Is it a causative of cardiac muscle failure in Type 2 Diabetic patients? Int J Clin Endocrinol Metab 7(1): 001-002. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ijcem.000053 https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ijcemDOI:2640-7582ISSN: C L I N I C A L G R O U P Introduction Vildagliptin is an oral anti-hyperglycaemic agent, commonly called an anti-diabetic medication that belongs to the family of medications known as Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. It is a medicine that is used to treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [1]. It inhibits the inactivation of Glucagon- Like Peptide (GLP-1) and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP) by DPP-4, allowing GLP-1 and GIP to potentiate the secretion of insulin in the beta cells and suppress glucagon release by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas [2], This results in a reduction of hyperglycemia in T2DM [3]. Vildagliptin has been shown to reduce hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. It does this by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and by inhibiting the production of hormones that contribute to an increase in blood sugar levels. This lowers the amount of sugar in the blood both before and after a meal [4]. The combination of metformin and Vildagliptin is said to be an approved drug as an oral treatment for type -2 diabetes [5]. Adverse effects According to clinical trials, the use of DPP-4 inhibitors such as Vildagliptin has been associated with adverse effects such as nausea, hypoglycemia, tremors, headache, and dizziness [6]. However, hepatotoxicity has been reported to be rare [6]. There have been reports of pancreatitis associated with the use of DPP-4 inhibitors, and some studies have noted the presence of precancerous pancreatic changes in rats and organ Perspective Study Vildagliptin-Metformin: Is it a causative of cardiac muscle failure in Type 2 Diabetic patients?
Authors: YRKM Sai
Published: June 2024

Vildagliptin is an oral anti-hyperglycaemic agent, commonly called an anti-diabetic medication that belongs to the family of medications known as Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. It is a medicine that is used to treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [1].
Advancing livestock and poultry disease diagnosis with high-resolution melt curve analysis
Authors: Aswathy Nair , P Raja , TMA Senthilkumar , V Vinitha , C Yamini , M Parthiban
Published: June 2024

High-Resolution Melting (HRM) is a sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based molecular assay used to detect, single nuclear polymorphisms, mutations, and variations in genotypes of pathogens. HRM analysis is more convenient than other detection and discrimination approaches since it is a closed-tube method, that is the polymerase chain reaction amplification and subsequent analysis are carried out sequentially in the well. It finds application in various veterinary diagnoses and discrimination of genotypes of the microorganisms. Numerous public health organizations have recommended increased monitoring activities to support current surveillance programs in response to the threat of bioterrorism and emerging infectious diseases. HRM assay will be an efficient, cost-effective disease diagnostic and genotype of circulating pathogen identification method thereby aiding in disease surveillance which is important for monitoring the spread of infectious diseases. This review emphasizes the application of HRM in livestock, poultry, and companion animals in recent times carried out all over the world for determining the genotype, strain, and breed differentiation including pathogens classification.
Plug Removal for acute in vivo Electrophysiology Experiments v1
Authors: Gillis Ryan , Carlson Mikayla , Durand Severine
Published: June 2024

This protocol describes the procedure for removing the SORTA-clear plug used in acute in vivo electrophysiology experiments in whole-hemisphere craniotomy (WHC) preparation mice with Neuropixels probes. This exact methodology is crucial to these experiments due to the role the SORTA-clear plug plays in preserving the brain prior to the described procedure. After the mice undergo a WHC surgery, the implant used to replace the skull on the left hemisphere is covered with a SORTA-clear plug, which keeps the brain from potentially interacting with air or debris, as the SORTA-clear seals the holes in the implant and thus ensures the brain stays healthy between surgery recovery, training, and subsequent experiments. However, we cannot insert Neuropixels probes through SORTA-clear, meaning we must remove it before the experiment. After the SORTA-clear is removed, we place another temporary seal over the brain - Kwik-Cast. This is a more temporary measure and acts as another easily removable seal to preserve the brain just prior to recording. We recommend doing this procedure 1 day prior to the procedure outlined in Neuropixels Data Collection: Whole Hemisphere Recordings as to not expose the mouse to anesthesia on the day of recording, but if necessary, this procedure can be done on the same day as a recording as long as the mouse is given two hours to recover from the anesthesia.
DECENTRALIZATION OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zaitseva M.
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the reform of the public sector in the context of decentralization of executive power under the influence of the transformational processes taking place in Ukraine. The characteristic features of the reform of local self-government in the countries of the European Union are determined. Specific measures introduced by the government of Ukraine to build an effective system of local self-government bodies and introduce more efficient and effective public administration are considered
Public-private partnerships caught in a trust-trap and the potential role of information: the burden of divergent rationales
Authors: Kappler Moritz , Schomaker Rahel , Bauer Michael
Published: June 2024

Trust is known to be beneficial for cooperation, though remains underdeveloped in public-private partnerships (PPPs), which are caught in a trust trap due to the cooperative regime’s internal heterogeneity. Accordingly, PPP’s inherent trust relationship is disentangled, and the burden of divergent actor rationales is introduced. We hypothesize that potential PPPs find themselves ex ante in a situation that requires certain repair mechanisms before the ‘usual’ venues of trust development can become effective. As such, exogenous information is theorized as quasi-substitute for relational experience that may support the development of a ‘leap of faith’. Theoretical considerations are tested by a vignette experiment with representatives of both the public and the private sector. Within and between-group analyses find strong support for the burden of divergent rationales and stable levels of (role-based) trust. However, the effect of the information treatment on trust levels is limited.
Causes of Death in Patients Asking for Polyclinic Care for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Samorodskaya I. V.. , Zayratyants O. V. , Kakorina E. P. , Chernyavskaya T. K.
Published: June 2024

Aim. Retrospective analysis of the underlying causes for death of patients who did and did not seek outpatient medical care (OPMC) for ischemic heart disease (IHD), and discussion of a possibility for using administrative anonymized but individualized databases for analysis.

Material and methods. The electronic database of the Central Administration of the Civil Registry Office of the Moscow Region (Unified State Register of the Civil Registry Office of the Moscow Region), including medical death certificates (MDC) for 2021, was used to select all cases of fatal outcomes with the disease codes of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) (codes of external causes, injuries, poisonings excluded) that were indicated as the primary cause of death (PCD). Personalized data of the deceased were combined with data from electronic medical records of patients who sought OPMC at institutions of the Moscow Region within up to 2 years before death. In addition to IHD, the following PCD codes were taken into account: malignant tumors, COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alcohol-associated diseases, and, as examples of unspecified PCD, old age and unspecified encephalopathy.

Results In total, among those who died from diseases, the proportion of those who died from IHD was 18.9%; for another 8.4%, IHD was indicated as a comorbid disease in Part II of the MDC. Among those who sought OPMC for IHD, the IHD proportion indicated as PCD was 27.5%, and among those who did not seek OPMC 17.4% (p <0.0001). Those who died from IHD and who had sought OPMC were older (mean age, 75.59 ± 10.94 years) than those who died from IHD and had not sought OMPM (mean age, 73.96 ± 10.94 years; p < 0.0001). The frequency of myocardial infarction as PCD among those who had and had not sought OPMC was the same (12%), chronic forms of IHD were 83.9% and 79.7%, the frequencies of “unspecified” acute forms of IHD (codes I24.8-9) were 4.1% and 8.3%, respectively. The proportion of deaths from COVID-19 was the highest (21.7% and 24.3%, respectively), from malignant neoplasms 11.6% and 12.7%, respectively, and from unspecified encephalopathy 10.6% and 10.7%, respectively.

Conclusion. Only 25% of patients who had sought OPMC for IHD died from IHD, otherwise the causes of death were the same as for patients who had not sought OPMC for IHD. Analysis of administrative databases allows identifying disparities in the PCD structure and to direct the efforts of specialists to reconciling the criteria for death from various forms of IHD.
Diagnostic Techniques in Sarcoidosis-Past, Present and the Future
Authors: Ahmad Syed , Fahim Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Sarcoidosis has historically been a challenging disorder to diagnose secondary to its non-specific symptoms and multi-system nature of organ involvement. Since the description of Kviem test in 1941, the diagnostic investigations have evolved substantially over time. We have witnessed refinement of the procedures to detect granulomatous inflammation with increasing utilisation of image guided modalities and more recently Transbronchial Lung Cryo-biopsy with an acceptable diagnostic yield. Methods: In this review, we aim to describe the utility of diagnostic techniques over the decades and propose an algorithm to help General Physicians as well as Pulmonologists. We used search terms including Sarcoidosis, Diagnosis, Transbronchial as well as endobronchial biopsy, Ultrasound guided core biopsy, Endobronchial ultrasound, Transbronchial Lung Cryo-biopsy, Fine Needle Aspiration as well as peripheral lymph node biopsy. Results: There has been significant advancement in the diagnostic techniques with improvement in the diagnostic yield for histological confirmation of Sarcoidosis. clinical evidence and diagnostic utility of salient diagnostic investigations has been evaluated in this review. The description of diagnostic methods and clinical evidence is deliberately kept brief. Ultrasound guided core biopsy of cervical lymph nodes (even in the absence of palpable glands) should be considered as least invasive test in suspected cases of mediastinal sarcoidosis. Transbronchial Lung Cryo-biopsy is relatively recent development in the diagnostic pathway and is an advantageous tool when lung parenchymal abnormalities are coupled with lack or minimal mediastinal and or hilar adenopathy. Conclusion: We propose a diagnostic algorithm for patients with suspected Sarcoidosis. The choice of investigation should be decided following discussion in a multi-disciplinary meeting. In appropriate clinical/radiological setting and expertise, core biopsy of cervical lymph nodes should be considered the first line investigation as it may prevent the need for more invasive bronchoscopic procedures. However, in the absence of mediastinal/cervical lymphadenopathy, Cryobiopsy (if available) should be considered, in preference to more invasive thoracic surgical procedure (s) associated with higher morbidity and mortality.
Management Considerations and Challenges in Older Individuals with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Giese Noah , Adroja Shubham , Hassanain Hala , Khosla Meera , Rios Jacqueline , Pingali Sai , Burns Ethan
Published: June 2024

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is classically a disease of older individuals. However, varying definitions of “older” age, underrepresentation in clinical trials, and significant patient heterogeneity requires a highly personalized treatment approach. Older patients often have comorbidities leading to decreased tolerance with standard of care therapies; however, predictive tools such as the simplified Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment may help tailor treatments accordingly. Several approaches have been introduced to augment therapeutic tolerance in the front-line setting, including prephase therapies, attenuation of current standard of care chemoimmunotherapy dosing, or alternative chemotherapeutic agents when prohibitive comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease are present. In the relapsed and refractory disease setting antibody-based therapies have improved outcomes and demonstrated therapeutic tolerance in older patients. Cellular therapies and bone marrow transplantation remain options for fit patients who are eligible and should be considered. The aim of this review is to focus on patient assessment and treatment recommendations in older patients with DLBCL. Keywords: Large B-cell Lymphoma, Older Individuals with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Interaction Patterns in the Development of Bachelor Students’ Readiness for their Professional Activity in a Foreign Language
Authors: Глотова А.В. , Дорогих Р.В.
Published: June 2024

Рассматривается проблема формирования готовности студентов бакалавриата к осуществлению профессиональной деятельности на иностранном языке. Описаны основные компоненты данной готовности (мотивационный, коммуникативносодержательный, деятельностный). Обоснованы преимущества применения интерактивных форм организации педагогического взаимодействия в образовательном процессе, ориентированном на формирование готовности к осуществлению профессиональной деятельности на иностранном языке. Представлен опыт внедрения интерактивных форм работы в высшей школе, проводимых на иностранном языке, в аудиторной и внеаудиторной деятельности.

The authors of the research consider pedagogical issues of the Bachelor's degree students' readiness development for performing their professional activity in a foreign language. The aim of the work is to identify the components of the readiness and to outline interaction patterns contributing to the solution of the given tasks during the professional training at the university. The main components of the students' readiness have been described and the advantages of using interaction patterns for building up the comprehensive pedagogical cooperation in the educational process have been analyzed by the authors. The authors have introduced the experience of implementing interaction patterns during classroom and extracurricular activities in a foreign language at the university.
Организация кооперативной образовательной среды для изучающих японский язык на примере работы над сочинениями (на английском языке)
Authors: Marfina V.E.
Published: June 2024

Cultural differences in approaches to writing essays by native Japanese speakers are considered. The need to focus on the reader when writing essays in Japanese has been revealed. As a method of developing this skill, the use of the Digipad online corporate environment for student collaboration is proposed. Feedback from students about the degree of convenience and efficiency of working in this environment was analyzed.

Рассмотрены культурологические отличия в подходах к написанию сочинений-эссе носителей японского языка. Выявлена необходимость ориентации на читателя при написании сочинений на японском языке. Как метод выработки данного навыка предложено применение онлайн-корпоративной среды Digipad для совместной работы студентов. Проанализированы отзывы обучающихся об степени удобства и эффективности работы в данной среде.
Nevo melanocítico congénito gigante con ganglioneuroma cutáneo y metaplasia adiposa. Divergencia en tumores derivados de la cresta neural
Authors: Hernández Arrazola Daniel , Machorro Rodrigo Diaz , Santiago Montor Miguel Angel , Echeverria Vargas Lorena , Lara Blanco Miguel , Cruz González Eymard , Pérez Muñoz Estela , Hernández Pérez Alma , Rodríguez Jurado Rodolfo
Published: June 2024

ANTECEDENTES: Los tumores neuroblásticos derivan de células de la cresta neural, su comportamiento biológico se relaciona al grado de diferenciación, de ellos, el Ganglioneuroma es benigno; se presenta principalmente en retroperitoneo y mediastino. Se han reportado muy pocos casos en piel y aún más raros asociados a un nevo melanocítico congénito gigante.
CASO CLINICO: Paciente femenino de 11 meses, que presentó desde el nacimiento dermatosis en espalda, cuello posterior y región occipital de coloración marrón oscuro, aterciopelada, nevo melanocítico congénito gigante; además, tenía un tumor en cuello posterior, pedunculado, suave, móvil, esférico de 11 cm x 8 cm de eje mayor que resultó un Ganglioneuroma cutáneo. La Resonancia de neuroeje mostró evidencia de tumor sin compromiso de columna vertebral ni canal espinal; se realizó resección completa, sin complicaciones postquirúrgicas. Actualmente en vigilancia, sin evidencia de lesión recurrente.
CONCLUSIONES: El Ganglioneuroma, no suelen expresarse en piel o en sustrato con lesiones dérmicas, aunque es raro, se han reportado casos de Ganglioneuroma asociado a nevos melanocíticos congénitos; la resección completa es el tratamiento de elección. El seguimiento adecuado aunado al diagnóstico histopatológico es la clave del éxito. Las células de Schwann precursoras de la cresta neural son las responsables de la diversidad en la diferenciación, incluyendo los melanocitos y los trastornos de pigmentaciónresta neural.
The Lives of Intersex People: Socio-Economic and Health Disparities in Mexico
Authors: Muñoz Ercio , Saavedra Melanie , Sansone Dario
Published: June 2024

This paper reports socio-economic and health outcomes for intersex people in Mexico using data collected between 2021 and 2022. This is the first study relying on a large nationally representative survey including information on sex variations to document substantial negative outcomes for intersex individuals. Around 1.6% of individuals aged 15-64 are intersex. There are significant disparities in mental, physical, and sexual health when comparing intersex individuals to the general population, including higher rates of bullying, stigmatization, harassment, and violence throughout the life cycle, as well as higher rates of suicidal intention. Additionally, intersex individuals have lower education levels and face substantial barriers in the workplace and healthcare environments.
Travesía 4.0: hacia la transformación digital de la industria paraguaya
Authors: Feal-Zubimendi Soledad , Garnero Paula
Published: June 2024

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar el uso actual y esperado de las nuevas tecnologías en diversas áreas de las empresas industriales de Paraguay, así como los impactos que estas tendrán en la demanda laboral en el futuro cercano. Para esto, en el año 2023 se llevó a cabo por primera vez una encuesta a 152 empresas. Este trabajo presenta resultados sobre el tipo de tecnologías empleadas en diferentes áreas funcionales de las empresas, las acciones innovadoras en curso y las previstas para el futuro, las barreras que enfrentan las empresas al adoptar nuevas tecnologías, y la brecha entre demanda y oferta de habilidades y competencias laborales. Los hallazgos sugieren que el proceso de transición hacia la Industria 4.0 en Paraguay es incipiente.
Relationship between Gut-Microbiota and Sport Activity
Authors: Mokarrami Alì , Capacci Annunziata , Trio Beatrice , Merra Giuseppe , Della Morte Canosci David
Published: June 2024

Aim: The purpose of this umbrella review is to bring together the most recent reviews concerning the relationship between gut-microbiota and sport activity.
Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted through PubMed and focused on reviews and systematic reviews published between 2015 and June 2021 that dealt with the topic of microbiota and physical activity. Only articles written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Key words related to the term microbiota alone or in conjunction with other terms such as "supplements", "diet", "probiotics", "prebiotics", "health", "physical activity", and "pathogens" were analyzed. The selection process was done first by analyzing the titles, then the abstracts, and finally the full text.
Results: After screening the title and abstract, 29 articles were excluded. Therefore, 20 studies were included in the present umbrella review. The figure shows the steps of the selection process (Figure 1). The specifications of the presented articles are listed in Table 2.
Conclusions: Exercise appears to be an environmental factor that can determine changes in the gut microbial composition with possible benefits for the host. Increased microbiota diversity improves metabolic profile and immunological responses and may provide a possible biomarker for health improvement. Exercise altered microbiota could be used to look for new approaches in the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
Examination of the Pandemic Awareness Level and Approach to the Pandemic in Wrestlers
Authors: Can Sema , Demirkan Erkan , Tosun Mehmet İsmail , Arıcı Mustafa
Published: June 2024

Study aim: Wrestling involves a high risk of transmission in terms of Covid-19 as it is performed using close one-to-one physical contact. This field research study examined wrestlers' approach to and awareness levels of the pandemic.
Method: The study sample consists of 214 male wrestlers aged 19.15 ± 1.78 years who participated in the U-23 Turkish National Freestyle Wrestling Championship. The data was collected using a personal information form and the Pandemic Awareness Scale. The statistical analysis consisted of an independent sample t-test, descriptive statistics, and a One-Way ANOVA test for multi-group comparison.
Results: Non-smokers and the wrestlers who complied with the precautions had statistically higher awareness score averages (p < 0.05). A statistically significant relationship between awareness scores and variables, including education level, being a national athlete, being diagnosed with Covid-19, losing a first-degree relative to Covid-19, having been vaccinated, and the number of vaccine doses (p > 0.05) was not found.
Conclusion: The study findings indicate that the level of awareness of the pandemic is high among non-smokers and wrestlers who complied with the necessary precautions.