bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life and Audiological Benefits in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users in Romania: Systematic Review and Cohort Study
Authors: Gundacker Gina , Trales Delia Emilia , Stefanescu Horatiu Eugen
Published: November 2023

Profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can be successfully treated with a cochlear implant (CI), and treatment is usually accompanied by increased quality of life (QoL). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate generic and health-related QoL, as well as the level of audiological outcomes, of CI users, in addition to whether Qol can be restored to the extent of those with normal hearing. Furthermore, different implantation timepoints were compared (early vs. late), and a possible correlation between health and generic QoL questionnaires was investigated. The outcomes from 93 pediatric CI users from Romania were analyzed in the study. Two QoL questionnaires (SSQ12, AQoL-6D), as well as the HSM sentence test and Soundfield measurements, were assessed. The outcomes revealed that the CI users were able to achieve the same QoL as their age- and-gender matched peers with normal hearing, and hearing was restored with good speech comprehension. No significant difference between early- and late-implanted children was detected, although a tendency of a better Word Recognition Score (+10%) in the early-implanted group was discovered. A moderate and significant correlation between the generic and health-related Qol questionnaire was observed. Audiological examinations are still the standard practice by which to measure the benefit of any hearing intervention; nonetheless, generic and health-related QoL should be assessed in order to provide a full picture of a successful and patient-satisfactory cochlear implant procedure.
Rural Land Use Progress and Its Implication for Rural Revitalization in China
Authors: Wang Yongsheng , Wen Qi , Ge Dazhuan , Zhang Bangbang
Published: November 2023

Land is the solid basis for human existence, living, and production activities [...]
Prediction of the Structural Color of Liquid Crystals via Machine Learning
Authors: Nguyen Andrew T. , Childs Heather M. , Salter William M. , Filippas Afroditi V. , McInnes Bridget T. , Senecal Kris , Lawton Timothy J. , D’Angelo Paola A. , Zukas Walter , Alexander Todd E. , Ayotte Victoria , Zhao Hong , Tang Christina
Published: November 2023

Materials that generate structural color may be promising alternatives to dyes and pigments due to their relative long-term stability and environmentally benign properties. Liquid crystal (LC) mixtures of cholesteryl esters demonstrate structural color due to light reflected from the helical structure of the self-assembled molecules. The apparent color depends on the pitch length of the liquid crystal. While a wide range of colors have been achieved with such LC formulations, the nature of the pitch–concentration relationship has been difficult to define. In this work, various machine learning approaches to predict the reflected wavelength, i.e., the position of the selective reflection band, based on LC composition are compared to a Scheffe cubic model. The neural network regression model had a higher root mean squared error (RMSE) than the Scheffe cubic model with improved predictions for formulations not included in the dataset. Decision tree regression provided the best overall performance with the lowest RMSE and predicted position of the selective reflection band within 0.8% of the measured values for LC formulations not included in the dataset. The predicted values using the decision tree were over two-fold more accurate than the Scheffe cubic model. These results demonstrate the utility of machine learning models for predicting physical properties of LC formulations.
Support Structures Optimisation for High-Quality Metal Additive Manufacturing with Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Numerical Simulation Study
Authors: Dimopoulos Antonios , Salimi Mohamad , Gan Tat-Hean , Chatzakos Panagiotis
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM), an emerging method known for its ability to create lightweight components and intricate designs. However, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), a prominent AM technique, faces a major challenge due to the development of high residual stress, resulting in flawed parts and printing failures. The study’s goal was to assess the thermal behaviour of different support structures and optimised designs to reduce the support volume and residual stress while ensuring high-quality prints. To explore this, L-shaped specimens were printed using block-type support structures through an LPBF machine. This process was subsequently validated through numerical simulations, which were in alignment with experimental observations. In addition to block-type support structures, line, contour, and cone supports were examined numerically to identify the optimal solutions that minimise the support volume and residual stress while maintaining high-quality prints. The optimisation approach was based on the Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology and multi-objective optimisation. The findings revealed that block supports exhibited excellent thermal behaviour. High-density supports outperformed low-density alternatives in temperature distribution, while cone-type supports were more susceptible to warping. These insights provide valuable guidance for improving the metal AM and LPBF processes, enabling their broader use in industries like aerospace, medical, defence, and automotive.
Enhanced Performance of Inverted Perovskite Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diode Using Electron Suppression Layer and Surface Morphology Control
Authors: Kwak Hee Jung , Kiguye Collins , Gong Minsik , Park Jun Hong , Kim Gi-Hwan , Kim Jun Young
Published: November 2023

The energy level offset at inorganic layer–organic layer interfaces and the mismatch of hole/electron mobilities of the individual layers greatly limit the establishment of balanced charge carrier injection inside the emissive layer of halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeQLEDs). In contrast with other types of light-emitting devices, namely OLEDs and QLEDs, various techniques such as inserting an electron suppression layer between the emissive and electron transport layer have been employed as a means of establishing charge carrier injection into their respective emissive layers. Hence, in this study, we report the use of a thin layer of Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVPy) (an electron suppression material) placed between the emissive and electron transport layer of a halide PeQLEDs fabricated with an inverted configuration. With ZnO as the electron transport material, devices fabricated with a thin PVPy interlayer between the ZnO ETL and CsPbBr3 -based green QDs emissive layer yielded a 4.5-fold increase in the maximum observed luminance and about a 10-fold increase in external quantum efficiency (EQE) when compared to ones fabricated without PVPy. Furthermore, the concentration and coating process conditions of CsPbBr3 QDs were altered to produce various thicknesses and film properties which resulted in improved EQE values for devices fabricated with QDs thin films of lower surface root-mean-square (RMS) values. These results show that inhibiting the excessive injection of electrons and adjusting QDs layer thickness in perovskite-inverted QLEDs is an effective way to improve device luminescence and efficiency, thereby improving the carrier injection balance.
Influence of NF3 Plasma-Treated HfO2 Gate Insulator Surface on Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Avis Christophe , Jang Jin
Published: November 2023

We studied the impact of NF3 plasma treatment on the HfO2 gate insulator of amorphous tin oxide (a-SnOx) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The plasma treatment was for 0, 10, or 30 s. The HfO2 insulator demonstrated a slightly higher breakdown voltage, whereas the capacitance value remained almost constant (~150 nF/cm2). The linear mobility slightly increased from ~30 to ~35 cm2/Vs when the treatment time increased from 0 to 10 s, whereas a 30 s-treated TFT demonstrated a decreased mobility of ~15 cm2/Vs. The subthreshold swing and the threshold voltage remained in the 100–120 mV/dec. range and near 0 V, respectively. The hysteresis dramatically decreased from ~0.5 V to 0 V when a 10 s treatment was applied, and the 10 s-treated TFT demonstrated the best stability under high current stress (HCS) of 100 μA. The analysis of the tin oxide thin film crystallinity and oxygen environment demonstrated that the a-SnOx remained amorphous, whereas more metal–oxygen bonds were formed with a 10 s NF3 plasma treatment. We also demonstrate that the density of states (DOS) significantly decreased in the 10 s-treated TFT compared to the other conditions. The stability under HCS was attributed to the HfO2/a-SnOx interface quality.
Effect of High Temperature and Thermal Cycle of 4043 Al Alloy Manufactured through Continuous Casting Direct Rolling
Authors: Huang Bo-Chin , Hung Fei-Yi
Published: November 2023

CCDR 4043 Al alloys are an outstanding candidate for producing mechanical components for automotive or aircraft engines. Two experimental environments—sustained high temperature and repeated heating–cooling—were simulated in the laboratory to replicate the actual operating conditions of engine components. This research investigated the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and fracture characteristics of the 4043 Al alloy manufactured through the continuous casting direct rolling (CCDR) process under different post-processing conditions. The CCDR process combines continuous casting, billet heating, and subsequent continuous rolling in a single equipment of production line, enabling the mass production of Al alloy in a cost-effective and energy-efficient manner. In the present work, the 4043 alloy was subjected to two environmental conditions: a sustained high-temperature environment (control group) and a cyclic heating–cooling environment (experimental group). The maximum temperature was set to 200 °C in the experiment. The experimental results show that, in a sustained high temperature working environment, the strength and elongation of the CCDR 4043 Al alloy tend to be stable. The overall effect involves the Al matrix softening and the spheroidization of eutectic Si caused by prolonged exposure to high temperature. This can enhance its ductility while retaining a certain level of mechanical strength. Comparatively, in the working environment of cyclic heating–cooling (thermal cycle), the direction of Si diffusion was different in each cycle, thus leading to the formation of an irregular Ai–Si eutectic structure containing precipitated Si particles of different sizes. The two compositions of Al and Si with very different thermal expansion coefficients may induce defects at the sharp points of Si particles under repeated heating–cooling, thereby reducing the strength and ductility of the material. The results of this work can confirm that the fracture behavior of 4043 Al alloys is obviously controlled by the morphology of the precipitated eutectic Si. In addition, CCDR 4043 Al alloys are not suitable to be used in working environments with a thermal cycle. In practical applications, it is necessary to add traces of special elements or to employ other methods to achieve the purpose of spheroidizing the precipitated eutectic Si and Al–Fe–Si phases to avoid the deterioration of strength and ductility under cyclic heating. To date, no other literature has explored the changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of CCDR 4043 Al alloys across various time scales under the aforementioned working environments. In summary, the findings provide valuable insights into the effect of thermal conditions on the properties and behavior of CCDR 4043 Al alloys, offering potential applications for it in various engineering fields, such as the automotive and aerospace industries.
Benefits of Aeronautical Preform Manufacturing through Arc-Directed Energy Deposition Manufacturing
Authors: Suárez Alfredo , Ramiro Pedro , Veiga Fernando , Ballesteros Tomas , Villanueva Pedro
Published: November 2023

The paper introduces an innovative aerospace component production approach employing Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology to fabricate near-finished preforms from Ti6Al4V titanium. Tensile tests on WAAM Ti6Al4V workpieces demonstrated reliable mechanical properties, albeit with identified anisotropic behavior in horizontal samples, underscoring the need for optimization. This alternative manufacturing strategy addresses the challenges associated with machining forged preforms, marked by a high Buy To Fly (BTF) ratio (>10), leading to material wastage, prolonged machining durations, elevated tool expenses, and heightened waste and energy consumption. Additionally, logistical and storage costs are increased due to extended delivery timelines, exacerbated by supply issues related to the current unstable situation. The utilization of WAAM significantly mitigates initial BTF, preform costs, waste production, machining durations, and associated expenditures, while notably reducing lead times from months to mere hours. The novelty in this study lies in the application of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology for the fabrication of titanium aircraft components. This approach includes a unique height compensation strategy and the implementation of various deposition strategies, such as single-seam, overlapping, and oscillating.
Robust Machine Learning Framework for Modeling the Compressive Strength of SFRC: Database Compilation, Predictive Analysis, and Empirical Verification
Authors: Abbas Yassir M. , Khan Mohammad Iqbal
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the field of construction engineering has experienced a significant paradigm shift, embracing the integration of machine learning (ML) methodologies, with a particular emphasis on forecasting the characteristics of steel-fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC). Despite the theoretical sophistication of existing models, persistent challenges remain—their opacity, lack of transparency, and real-world relevance for practitioners. To address this gap and advance our current understanding, this study employs the extra gradient (XG) boosting algorithm, crafting a comprehensive approach. Grounded in a meticulously curated database drawn from 43 seminal publications, encompassing 420 distinct records, this research focuses predominantly on three primary fiber types: crimped, hooked, and mil-cut. Complemented by hands-on experimentation involving 20 diverse SFRC mixtures, this empirical campaign is further illuminated through the strategic use of partial dependence plots (PDPs), revealing intricate relationships between input parameters and consequent compressive strength. A pivotal revelation of this research lies in the identification of optimal SFRC formulations, offering tangible insights for real-world applications. The developed ML model stands out not only for its sophistication but also its tangible accuracy, evidenced by exemplary performance against independent datasets, boasting a commendable mean target-prediction ratio of 99%. To bridge the theory–practice gap, we introduce a user-friendly digital interface, thoroughly designed to guide professionals in optimizing and accurately predicting the compressive strength of SFRC. This research thus contributes to the construction and civil engineering sectors by enhancing predictive capabilities and refining mix designs, fostering innovation, and addressing the evolving needs of the industry.
Influence of Inner Gas Curing Technique on the Development of Thermoplastic Nanocomposite Reinforcement
Authors: Totah Husam Saber , Moujdin Iqbal Ahmed , Abulkhair Hani Abdulelah , Albeirutty Muhammad
Published: November 2023

In this work, a comprehensive shrinkage and tensile strength characterization of unsaturated polyester (UPE-8340) and vinyl ester (VE-922) epoxy matrices and composites reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was conducted. The aspect ratio of UPE and VE with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) was kept at 1:16.6; however, the weight of the MWCNTs was varied from 0.03 to 0.3 gm for the doping of the reinforced nanocomposites. Using a dumbbell-shaped mold, samples of the epoxy matrix without MWCNTs and with reinforced UPE/MWCNT and VE/MWCNT nanocomposites were made. The samples were then cured in a typical ambient chamber with air and an inner gas (carbon dioxide). The effect of the MWCNTs on UPE- and VE-reinforced composites was studied by observing the curing kinetics, shrinkage, and tensile properties, as well as the surface free energy of each reinforced sample in confined saline water. The CO2 curing results reveal that the absence of O2 shows a significantly lower shrinkage rate and higher tensile strength and flexural modulus of UPE- and VE-reinforced nanocomposite samples compared with air-cured reinforced nanocomposites. The construction that was air- and CO2-cured produced results in the shape of a dumbbell, and a flawless surface was seen. The results also show that smaller quantities of MWCNTs made the UPET- and VE-reinforced nanocomposites more stable when they were absorbed and adsorbed in concentrated salt water. Perhaps, compared to air-cured nanocomposites, CO2-cured UPE and VE nanocomposites were better at reducing shrinkage, having important mechanical properties, absorbing water, and being resistant to seawater.
Research on Surface Integrity and Fatigue Properties in the Turning of TC17 Titanium Alloy Based on the Response Surface Method
Authors: Lai Xunqing , Wang Yuannan , Wang Dan , Zhao Guolong , Yang Yinfei
Published: November 2023

Titanium alloy parts are more and more widely used in the field of aerospace. In order to improve the service life of titanium alloy parts, the response surface method was used to study surface residual stress and roughness under different turning parameters. In addition, a mathematical model was established through multiple linear regression to determine the relationship between surface integrity parameters and fatigue life. The test results indicate that the turning parameters have an effect on surface residual stress in the order of feed rate > depth of cut > cutting speed and on surface roughness in the order of feed rate > cutting speed > depth of cut. The analysis results of surface integrity show that the residual compressive stress on the surface has the greatest impact on fatigue life, followed by surface roughness. The fatigue life increases with the increase in residual compressive stress and decreases linearly with the increase in surface roughness. The feed rate has a significant impact on residual stress and surface roughness. Therefore, under the experimental conditions of this paper, the appropriate feed rate can be selected to ensure that the  Ra < 2 μm and a large residual compressive stress is obtained.
Assembly Error Tolerance Estimation for Large-Scale Hydrostatic Bearing Segmented Sliders under Static and Low-Speed Conditions
Authors: Michalec Michal , Foltýn Jan , Dryml Tomáš , Snopek Lukáš , Javorský Dominik , Čupr Martin , Svoboda Petr
Published: November 2023

Hydrostatic bearings come with certain advantages over rolling bearings in moving large-scale structures. However, assembly errors are a serious matter on large scales. This study focuses on finding assembly error tolerances for the most common types in segmented errors of hydrostatic bearing sliders: tilt and offset. The experimental part was performed in the laboratory on a full diagnostic hydrostatic bearing testing rig. An investigation of the type of error on bearing performance was first conducted under static conditions. We identified the limiting error-to-film thickness ratio (e/h) for static offset error as 2.5 and the tilt angle as θ = 0.46° for the investigated case. Subsequently, two types of offset error were investigated under slow-speed conditions at 38 mm/s. The limiting error for the offset error considering the relative bi-directional movement of the slider and the pad was determined as e/h < 1. The results further indicate that the error tolerance would further decrease with increasing speed. The experimental results of error tolerances can be used to determine the required film thickness or vice versa.
A Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for a Blockchain-Based Energy Trading System
Authors: Son Seunghwan , Oh Jihyeon , Kwon Deokkyu , Kim Myeonghyun , Park Kisung , Park Youngho
Published: November 2023

The adoption of renewable energies such as solar power, heat pumps, and wind power is on the rise, and individuals have started generating energy using their own solar panels. In recent years, many blockchain-based energy trading schemes have been proposed. However, existing schemes cannot fully address privacy issues and dependency on energy brokers during energy trading. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving authentication scheme for blockchain-based energy traders. An energy user encrypts a request message through lightweight attribute-based encryption, and only energy sellers who have proper attribute keys can decrypt and conduct further processes with the energy user. We analyze the proposed scheme using both informal and formal methods, such as the BAN logic, AVISPA simulation tool, and RoR model. Furthermore, we compare the computational and communication costs of our scheme with related schemes and show that the proposed scheme has competitive performance.
Ranking as a Procedure for Selecting a Replacement Variable in the Score Predicting the Survival of Patients Treated with Curative Intent for Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Plahuta Irena , Mencinger Matej , Peruš Iztok , Magdalenić Tomislav , Turk Špela , Brumec Aleks , Potrč Stojan , Ivanecz Arpad
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: The issue of a missing variable precludes the external validation of many prognostic models. For example, the Liverpool score predicts the survival of patients undergoing surgical therapy for colorectal liver metastases, but it includes the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, which cannot be measured retrospectively. Materials and Methods: We aimed to find the most appropriate replacement for the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio. Survival analysis was performed on data representing 632 liver resections for colorectal liver metastases from 2000 to 2020. Variables associated with the Liverpool score, C-reactive protein, albumins, and fibrinogen were ranked. The rankings were performed in four ways: The first two were based on the Kaplan-Meier method (log-rank statistics and the definite integral IS between two survival curves). The next method of ranking was based on univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results: The ranks were as follows: the radicality of liver resection (rank 1), lymph node infiltration of primary colorectal cancer (rank 2), elevated C-reactive protein (rank 3), the American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification grade (rank 4), the right-sidedness of primary colorectal cancer (rank 5), the multiplicity of colorectal liver metastases (rank 6), the size of colorectal liver metastases (rank 7), albumins (rank 8), and fibrinogen (rank 9). Conclusions: The ranking methodologies resulted in almost the same ranking order of the variables. Elevated C-reactive protein was ranked highly and can be considered a relevant replacement for the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio in the Liverpool score. These methods are suitable for ranking variables in similar models for medical research.
Efficacy of a Novel Rigenase® and Polyhexanide (Fitostimoline® Septagel) Hydrogel Device for the Treatment of Vulvovaginitis Symptoms: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a National Survey and Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Riemma Gaetano , Mainini Giampaolo , Lukanović David , Scalzone Gaetano , Sandullo Lucia , Schettino Maria Teresa , Vastarella Maria Giovanna , Dominoni Mattia , Pieretti Gorizio , De Franciscis Pasquale , Passaro Mario , Torella Marco
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: Signs and symptoms of vulvovaginitis, especially when recurrent, have a significant impact on a woman’s quality of life. The aim of this study was to survey gynecologists about their habits regarding the treatments of the pathology and to evaluate the efficacy of a novel vaginal hydrogel composed of wheat extracts and polyhexanide aimed at reducing vulvovaginitis symptomatology. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of a national survey using 155 Italian gynecologists and a prospective, open-label, observational study were carried out in 75 outpatient clinics across Italy. Pre- and postmenopausal women with suspicion of vulvovaginitis due to at least four of the following symptoms (leucoxanthorrhea, bad odor from genitalia, vulvovaginal dryness, petechiae, burning, and pruritus) while waiting for microbiological swab analysis were included and treated with one hydrogel application every 3 days for 1 week. Primary endpoint was the complete resolution of symptomatology. Results: The pre-study survey reported that, for most clinicians, local or oral treatment (65.7% and 82.8%, respectively) with antibiotics or antifungals is used very often. Therefore, we proceeded to carry out an observational study. Overall, 615 (362 of fertile age and 253 in postmenopause) women were included in this study. At the 28th follow-up examination, complete resolution of symptomatology was achieved in 578/615 (94.1%; p < 0.001) within 12.72 ± 6.55 and 13.22 ± 6.33 days for those of fertile age and in postmenopause, respectively (p = 0.342). All of the evaluated symptoms were significantly reduced after treatment (p = 0.001) without differences according to the patient’s menopausal status. A slightly significant reduction in Gardnerella Vaginalis (p = 0.040) and Candida Albicans (p = 0.049) was found after treatment. No patient reported side effects, adverse reactions, or discontinued therapy. Conclusions: This pilot study showed that a hydrogel based on Rigenase® (wheat extract) and polyhexanide could be a promising treatment for the relief of vulvovaginitis symptoms. However, these results are limited by the absence of a control group. Additional comparative and randomized controlled trials between the hydrogel and other non-antibiotic devices as well as local antibiotic therapy should be performed to increase the validity of the findings.
The Effects of Lumbricus rubellus Extract on Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and IL-31 Levels in Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Sara Meutia , Ilyas Faridha , Hasballah Kartini , Nurjannah Nurjannah , Mudatsir Mudatsir
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: The ineffective combination of corticosteroids and antibiotics in treating some atopic dermatitis (AD) cases has been concerning. The skin barrier defects in AD ease the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which results in a rise in interleukin-31 (IL-31). Lumbricus rubellus (L. rubellus) has shown antimicrobial and antiallergic effects but has not been studied yet to decrease the growth of S. aureus and IL-31 levels in AD patients. This study aimed to analyze the effect of L. rubellus extract in reducing S. aureus colonization, the IL-31 level, and the severity of AD. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) (international registration number TCTR20231025004) was conducted on 40 AD patients attending Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic, Mother and Child Hospital (RSIA), Aceh, Indonesia, from October 2021 to March 2022. AD patients aged 8–16 who had a Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index > 25, with total IgE serum level > 100 IU/mL, and had healthy weight were randomly assigned into two groups: one received fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% and placebo (control group) and one received fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% combined with L. rubellus extract (Vermint®) (intervention group). The S. aureus colony was identified using a catalase test, coagulase test, and MSA media. The serum IL-31 levels were measured using ELISA assay, while the SCORAD index was used to assess the severity of and improvement in AD. Mean scores for measured variables were compared between the two groups using an unpaired t-test and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: A significant decline in S. aureus colonization (p = 0.001) and IL-31 (p = 0.013) in patients receiving L. rubellus extract was found in this study. Moreover, fourteen AD patients in the intervention group showed an improvement in the SCORAD index of more than 35% (p = 0.057). Conclusions: L. rubellus extract significantly decreases S. aureus colonization and the IL-31 level in AD patients, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy for children with AD.
Horizontal and Vertical Defect Management with a Novel Degradable Pure Magnesium Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) Membrane—A Clinical Case
Authors: Frosecchi Massimo
Published: November 2023

Background and objectives: In guided bone regeneration (GBR), large defects comprising both horizontal and vertical components usually require additional mechanical support to stabilize the augmentation and preserve the bone volume. This additional support is usually attained by using non-resorbable materials. A recently developed magnesium membrane presents the possibility of providing mechanical support whilst being completely resorbable. The aim of this case report was to describe the application and outcome of the magnesium membrane in combination with a collagen pericardium membrane for GBR. Materials and methods: A 74 year old, in an otherwise good general health condition, was presented with stage 2 grade A periodontitis and an impacted canine. After extraction of the impacted canine, a defect was created with both vertical and horizontal components. The defect was augmented using the magnesium membrane to create a supportive arch to the underlying bone graft and a collagen pericardium membrane was placed on top to aid with the soft tissue closure. Results: Upon reentry at 8 months, complete resorption of the magnesium devices was confirmed as there were no visible remnants remaining. A successful augmentation outcome had been achieved as the magnesium membrane in combination with the collagen membrane had maintained the augmented bone well. Two dental implants could be successfully placed in the healed augmentation. Conclusions: In this case, the magnesium membrane in combination with a collagen pericardium membrane presented a potentially viable alternative treatment to titanium meshes or titanium-reinforced membranes for the augmentation of a defect with both horizontal and vertical components that is completely resorbable. It was demonstrated that it is possible to attain a good quality and quantity of bone using a resorbable system that has been completely resorbed by the time of reentry.
Constitutive Models for the Strain Strengthening of Austenitic Stainless Steels at Cryogenic Temperatures with a Literature Review
Authors: He Bingyang , Wang Juan , Xu Weipu
Published: November 2023

Austenitic stainless steels are widely used in cryogenic pressure vessels, liquefied natural gas pipelines, and offshore transportation liquefied petroleum gas storage tanks due to their excellent mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures. To meet the lightweight and economical requirements, pre-strain of austenitic stainless steels was conducted to improve the strength at cryogenic temperatures. The essence of being strengthened by strain (strain strengthening) and the phase-transformation mechanism of austenitic stainless steels at cryogenic temperatures are reviewed in this work. The mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of austenitic stainless steels under different temperatures, types, and strain rates are compared. The phase-transformation mechanism of austenitic stainless steels during strain at cryogenic temperatures and its influence on strength and microstructure evolution are summarized. The constitutive models of strain strengthening at cryogenic temperatures were set to calculate the volume fraction of strain-induced martensite and to predict the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels.
Anomaly Detection Models for SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance Based on Genome k-mers
Authors: Ren Haotian , Li Yixue , Huang Tao
Published: November 2023

Since COVID-19 has brought great challenges to global public health governance, developing methods that track the evolution of the virus over the course of an epidemic or pandemic is useful for public health. This paper uses anomaly detection models to analyze SARS-CoV-2 virus genome k-mers to predict possible new critical variants in the collected samples. We used the sample data from Argentina, China and Portugal obtained from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) to conduct multiple rounds of evaluation on several anomaly detection models, to verify the feasibility of this virus early warning and surveillance idea and find appropriate anomaly detection models for actual epidemic surveillance. Through multiple rounds of model testing, we found that the LUNAR (learnable unified neighborhood-based anomaly ranking) and LUNAR+LUNAR stacking model performed well in new critical variants detection. The results of simulated dynamic detection validate the feasibility of this approach, which can help efficiently monitor samples in local areas.
Effects of Yupingfeng Polysaccharides as Feed Supplement on Immune Function and Intestinal Microbiome in Chickens
Authors: Zheng Wendan , Guan Yuling , Wu Bo
Published: November 2023

The health of chicks is closely related to their productivity. Yupingfeng polysaccharide (YPF-P) is a kind of water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Yupingfeng powder; it has high pharmacological activity and can be used as a potential substitute for antibiotics to improve the health of chicks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of YPF-P on immune performance, the duodenum, and the cecal microflora of chicks. All chickens (4224) were randomly distributed into four groups (eight replicas/group, 132 hens/replica). The control group was fed a basal diet (0 g/kg YPF-P), while the experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 1, 2, or 4 g/kg YPF-P. The results showed that YPF-P significantly increased the thymus index (p < 0.05). The content of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and IgG and immunoglobulin M (IgM) was upregulated in the serum by YPF-P (p < 0.05). YPF-P decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05). Further, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that 2 g/kg YPF-P modulated the predominant duodenum and cecal microbial community structure, which increased the number of Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, Bacteroides, Alistipes, NK4A214_group, and Enterococcus. In conclusion, YPF-P ameliorated the growth performance of chicks by regulating serum immune and antioxidant balance, as well as the intestinal microbiota.
Potent Antiviral Activity of Vitamin B12 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus 229E
Authors: Moatasim Yassmin , Kutkat Omnia , Osman Ahmed M. , Gomaa Mokhtar R. , Okda Faten , El Sayes Mohamed , Kamel Mina Nabil , Gaballah Mohamed , Mostafa Ahmed , El-Shesheny Rabeh , Kayali Ghazi , Ali Mohamed A. , Kandeil Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Repurposing vitamins as antiviral supporting agents is a rapid approach used to control emerging viral infections. Although there is considerable evidence supporting the use of vitamin supplementation in viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the specific role of each vitamin in defending against coronaviruses remains unclear. Antiviral activities of available vitamins on the infectivity and replication of human coronaviruses, namely, SARS-CoV-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), were investigated using in silico and in vitro studies. We identified potential broad-spectrum inhibitor effects of Hydroxocobalamin and Methylcobalamin against the three tested CoVs. Cyanocobalamin could selectively affect SARS-CoV-2 but not MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E. Methylcobalamin showed significantly higher inhibition values on SARS-CoV-2 compared with Hydroxocobalamin and Cyanocobalamin, while Hydroxocobalamin showed the highest potent antiviral activity against MERS-CoV and Cyanocobalamin against HCoV-229E. Furthermore, in silico studies were performed for these promising vitamins to investigate their interaction with SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-229E viral-specific cell receptors (ACE2, DPP4, and hAPN protein, respectively) and viral proteins (S-RBD, 3CL pro, RdRp), suggesting that Hydroxocobalamin, Methylcobalamin, and Cyanocobalamin may have significant binding affinity to these proteins. These results show that Methylcobalamin may have potential benefits for coronavirus-infected patients.
Geochemical and Isotopic Fractionation in the Hypogene Ore, Gossan, and Saprolite of the Alvo 118 Deposit: Implications for Copper Exploration in the Regolith of the Carajás Mineral Province
Authors: Santos Pabllo Henrique Costa dos , Costa Marcondes Lima da , Roerdink Desiree Lisette
Published: November 2023

In the Carajás Mineral Province, gossan formation and lateritization have produced numerous supergene orebodies at the expense of IOCG deposits and host rocks. The Alvo 118 deposit comprises massive and disseminated hypogene copper sulfides associated with gossan and mineralized saprolites. The hypogene reserves are 170 Mt, with 1% Cu and 0.3 ppm Au, while the supergenes are 55 Mt, comprised of 30% gossan and 70% saprolite, with 0.92% Cu and 0.03 ppm Au. The gossan includes goethite, malachite, cuprite, and libethenite zones. The saprolite comprises kaolinite, vermiculite, smectite, and relics of chlorite. In the hypogene mineralization, Ag, Te, Pb, Se, Bi, Au, In, Y, Sn, and U are mainly hosted by chalcopyrite and petzite, altaite, galena, uraninite, stannite, and cassiterite. In the gossan, Ag, Te, Pb, Se, and Bi are hosted by Cu minerals, while Au, In, Y, Sn, and U are associated with iron oxyhydroxides, in addition to Zn, As, Be, Ga, Ga, Mo, Ni, and Sc. As supporting information, δ65Cu values indicate that the gossan is immature and, at least partly, not affected by leaching. In the saprolite, Ga, Sc, Sn, V, Mn, Co, and Cr are associated with the iron oxyhydroxides, partially derived from the host rock weathering. The δ56Fe values indicate that hypogene low contribution of the hypogene mineralization to the saprolite iron content. The association of Al2O3, Hf, Zr, Th, TiO2, Ce, La, Ba, and Sr represents the geochemical signature of the host rocks, with dominant contributions from chlorites, while In, Y, Te, Pb, Bi, and Se are the main pathfinders of Cu mineralization.
Sources of Metallogenic Materials of the Saima Alkaline Rock-Hosted Niobium–Tantalum Deposit in the Liaoning Region: Evidence from the Sr-Nd-Pb and Li Isotopes
Authors: Wu Yue , Ju Nan , Liu Xin , Shi Lu , Feng Yuhui , Ma Danzhen
Published: November 2023

The Saima alkaline rock-hosted niobium–tantalum deposit (hereafter referred to as the Saima Deposit) is situated in the Liaodong Peninsula, which constitutes the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton. The rock types of the Saima Deposit include phonolite, nepheline syenite, and aegirine nepheline syenite, which hosts niobium–tantalum ore bodies. In this study, the primary niobium-bearing minerals identified include loparite, betafite, and fersmite. The Saima pluton is characterized as a potassium-rich, low-sodium, and peraluminous alkaline pluton. Trace element characteristics reveal that the metallization-associated syenite is enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) such as K and Rb but is relatively depleted in high-field strength elements (HFSEs). As indicated by the rare earth element (REE) profile, the Saima pluton exhibits a high total REE content (∑REE), dominance of light REEs (LREEs), and scarcity of heavy REEs (HREEs). The Sr-Nd-Pd isotopic data suggest that aegirine nepheline syenite and nepheline syenite share consistent isotopic signatures, indicating a common origin. The Saima alkaline pluton displays elevated ISr values ranging from 0.70712 to 0.70832 coupled with low εNd(t) values between −12.84 and −11.86 and two-stage model ages (tDM2) from 1967 to 2047 Ma. These findings indicate that the metallogenic materials for the Saima Deposit derive from both an enriched mantle source and some crustal components. The lithium (Li) isotopic fractionation observed during the genesis of the Saima pluton could be attributed to the differential diffusion rates of 6Li and 7Li under non-equilibrium fluid–rock interactions.
Simple Donor–π–Acceptor Compounds Exhibiting Aggregation-Induced Emission as Hidden Fingerprints Detecting Agents
Authors: Filipek Patrycja , Hellwig Hubert , Szlapa-Kula Agata , Filapek Michał
Published: November 2023

Latent fingerprints are a significant carrier of information for a court expert. To detect this type of forensic trace, what is necessary is a method that is easy to use, compact, and versatile. The research aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of luminescent substances of donor–π–acceptor systems in terms of their potential use in detecting hidden fingerprints. During the research, a group of fluorene compounds consisting of the (-CH=C(CN)(COOR)) moiety was designed and successfully synthesized. The optical, electrochemical, and aggregation-induced emission properties were studied. The aggregation-induced emission of compounds has been studied in the mixture of THF (as a good solvent) and water (as a poor solvent) with different water fractions ranging from 0% to 99%. Due to the molecular structure, substances showed different affinities to organic traces. As a result, it was noticed that all compounds showed the AIE phenomenon, while during tests on latent fingerprints, it was observed that two substances had particularly forward-looking features in this field.
A Co-Sputtering Process Optimization for the Preparation of FeGaB Alloy Magnetostrictive Thin Films
Authors: Lin Qijing , Wang Zelin , Meng Qingzhi , Mao Qi , Xian Dan , Tian Bian
Published: November 2023

A co-sputtering process for the deposition of Fe0.8Ga0.2B alloy magnetostrictive thin films is studied in this paper. The soft magnetic performance of Fe0.8Ga0.2B thin films is modulated by the direct-current (DC) sputtering power of an FeGa target and the radio-frequency (RF) sputtering power of a B target. Characterization results show that the prepared Fe0.8Ga0.2B films are amorphous with uniform thickness and low coercivity. With increasing FeGa DC sputtering power, coercivity raises, resulting from the enhancement of magnetism and grain growth. On the other hand, when the RF sputtering power of the B target increases, the coercivity decreases first and then increases because of the conversion of the films from a crystalline to an amorphous state. The lowest coercivity of 7.51 Oe is finally obtained with the sputtering power of 20 W for the FeGa target and 60 W for the B target. Potentially, this optimization provides a simple way for improving the magnetoelectric coefficient of magnetoelectric composite materials and the sensitivity of magnetoelectric sensors.
Lasing Emission from Soft Photonic Crystals for Pressure and Position Sensing
Authors: Lu Tsan-Wen , Wang Zhen-Yu , Lin Kuang-Ming , Lee Po-Tsung
Published: November 2023

In this report, we introduce a 1D photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity with waveguide-like strain amplifiers within a soft polydimethylsiloxane substrate, presenting it as a potential candidate for highly sensitive pressure and position optical sensors. Due to its substantial optical wavelength response to uniform pressure, laser emission from this nanocavity enables the detection of a minimum applied uniform pressure of 1.6‰ in experiments. Based on this feature, we further studied and elucidated the distinct behaviors in wavelength shifts when applying localized pressure at various positions relative to the PhC nanocavity. In experiments, by mapping wavelength shifts of the PhC nanolaser under localized pressure applied using a micro-tip at different positions, we demonstrate the nanocavity’s capability to detect minute position differences, with position-dependent minimum resolutions ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers. Furthermore, we also propose and validate the feasibility of employing the strain amplifier as an effective waveguide for extracting the sensing signal from the nanocavity. This approach achieves a 64% unidirectional coupling efficiency for leading out the sensing signal to a specific strain amplifier. We believe these findings pave the way for creating a highly sensitive position-sensing module that can accurately identify localized pressure in a planar space.
An ICP-MS-Based Analytical Strategy for Assessing Compliance with the Ban of E 171 as a Food Additive on the EU Market
Authors: Ferraris Francesca , Adelantado Carlos , Raggi Andrea , Savini Sara , Zougagh Mohammed , Ríos Ángel , Cubadda Francesco
Published: November 2023

A method was developed for the determination of total titanium in food and food supplements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave-assisted acid digestion of samples. Five food supplements, including one certified reference material, and 15 food products were used for method development. Key factors affecting the analytical results, such as the composition of the acid mixture for sample digestion and the bias from spectral interferences on the different titanium isotopes, were investigated. Resolution of interferences was achieved by ICP-MS/MS with ammonia adduct formation and viable conditions for control laboratories equipped with standard quadrupole instruments were identified. The method was successfully validated and enables rapid screening of samples subject to confirmatory analysis for the presence of TiO2 particles. For the latter, single-particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS) analysis after chemical extraction of the particles was used. The two methods establish a viable analytical strategy for assessing the absence of titania particles in food products on the EU market following the E 171 ban as a food additive.
Effects of Methionine Restriction from Different Sources on Sperm Quality in Aging Mice
Authors: Wu Yinghui , Li Hao , Miao Yueyue , Peng Jian , Wei Hongkui
Published: November 2023

Decreased sperm quality causing poor pregnancy outcomes in aging males is a common problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of methionine restriction on sperm quality in aging mice, using methionine or 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoate (HMTBA) as the methionine source, with a view to providing nutritional strategies to mitigate the decline in sperm quality in aging livestock. Fifty-one 6-week-old male mice were randomly divided into four groups: the non-aging group (NA, 0.86% methionine), the control diet group (CD, 0.86% methionine), the methionine-restricted group (MR, 0.17% methionine) and the HMTBA-restricted group (HR, 0.17% methionine). The mice in the CD, MR and HR groups were injected with a daily dose of 0.25 mL/20 g body weight of 10% D-galactose to establish an aging model. The test period was 42 days. The results showed that aging mice in the CD group had impaired testicular morphology and significantly decreased sperm quality compared to those in the NA group. Aging mice in the MR and HR groups showed attenuated impaired testicular morphology and improved sperm quality, especially sperm acrosomal integrity and membrane integrity, compared to mice in the CD group. In addition, mice in the MR and HR groups had reduced testicular inflammation and oxidative stress, increased spermidine levels, and reduced sperm RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels. Spermidine levels were positively correlated, whereas sperm RNA m6A and DNA 5mC levels were negatively correlated with sperm quality parameters. Our study suggests that methionine restriction alleviates the decline in sperm quality in aging mice, which may be related to changes in methionine metabolism and inhibition of sperm DNA and RNA methylation.