bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECONSTRUÇÃO ÓSSEA DE MAXILA ATRÓFICA UTILIZANDO A TÉCNICA DE ENXERTO ÓSSEO HOMÓLOGO: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Vieira Laura Nascimento , Pavane Rodrigo Marocchio
Published: June 2024

As perdas ósseas, podem ocorrer devido a perda precoces dentárias, infecções, tumores ósseos, atrofias pela idade do indivíduo, causando uma perda significantes de osso alveolar na região. Contudo, graças à enxertia óssea tem-se ampliado o estudo sobre o uso de implantes osseointegrados na substituição de dentes perdidos, gerando a necessidade de novas técnicas de reconstrução óssea, já que a reabilitação com implantes só é possível na presença de bases ósseas adequadas para suportar as cargas mastigatórias. Com avanço da odontologia, existem vários tipos enxertos ósseos, como homólogos e autógenos, usados para cirurgias de reconstruções ósseas de maxilas e mandíbulas. Para que haja sucesso, o enxerto precisa de três pré-requisitos: biocompatibilidade, técnica cirúrgica e escolha do biomaterial. Paciente, 58 anos, gênero feminino, compareceu na especialização em implantodontia, para colocação de implantes osseointegrados na região anterior e posterior de maxila e posterior em mandíbula, solicitando avaliação clínica para reabilitação com prótese sobre implantes. Na anamnese não foram identificadas alterações locais ou sistêmicas, que contraindicasse o tratamento de reabilitação dos dentes ausentes, sendo solicitados exames radiográficos complementares. Ao exame clínico, a maxila apresentava gengiva queratinizada espessa. Ao exame radiográfico, verificou-se remanescente ósseo com altura de 13 mm, feito assim a colocação de enxerto ósseo seguido de implantes.  Conclui-se que os enxertos são uma alternativa viável, segura e pouco traumática para o aumento ósseo com finalidade de reabilitação
The Impact of Omission in the Books of Usul Al-Nashr on Badai Al-Burhan of Al-Izmiri and Faridat Al-Dahr of Muhammad Salim: The Contrast Between References in Badai Al-Burhan and Faridat Al-Dahr with Jami Ibn Faris as a Case Study
Authors: Ahmed Anas
Published: June 2024

The research deals with a situation related to one of the edited subjects in the study of variant readings of the Quran, especially concerning Sheikh Al-Azmiri's school and their method in editing subjects mentioned by Ibn Al-Gozi in his books: 'Tibb Al-Nashr' and 'Al-Nashr'. Those affected by this school include Sheikh Mohamed Ibrahim Salem and his book 'Faridat Al-Dahr', which has gained popularity recently as he followed the same path as Sheikh Al-Azmiri in his edits. In this research, I will discuss the attribution of letters of readings in the books of publishing principles and the method used by the author of the book 'Time Unique' in this subject. I will compare what he mentioned in his book to one of the books about publishing principles, namely the collection of the ten readings by Ibn Al-Faris, including what is mentioned in the same book, then I will state the effect of the missing attributions on the edits of readings. This omission caused a flow in attribution, leading to the conclusion that some edits are incorrect, which prevented the right methods of goodness that were approved by famous readers before the time of Imam Al-Azmiri.
Night and Day Hours Mentioned in the Prophet’s Sunnah, its Names, Limits and Deeds
Authors: Babiker Awad
Published: June 2024

Allah Almighty created the creation to worship him and made this worship with times and times that only accept it in, and among these times the night and the day, and when they consisted of parts. It must be explained in terms of their names, boundaries, and actions, because night and day are both customary and legal, and the legitimate is considered in acts of worship. The day begins from the morning and ends with the sunset, and it is followed by the legal night, so it begins from where the day ends, and it ends from where it started, and some of its parts are multiple of its names; Like Asr and Gasr, the evening, the night and the darkness, and Aldulok and the sunset, and that others are from opposites, so they are given at night and on the day; Like Asdfa, Adlgah, and Algls. In this research, there is a following for the sayings of the linguists and the hadith people, to show and distinguish these parts, which help to perform the acts of worship in the right way, and its name (night and day hours mentioned in the Prophet’s Sunnah, its names, limits, and deeds).
True Faith and its Forms
Authors: Alghafees Huda
Published: June 2024

This study, titled "True Faith and False Faith," discusses what true faith is and other related topics, including how work can be done in the name of faith and how faith can grow and decline. Then, it addresses several forms of erroneous faith and the grounds for their invalidity. These forms are split into what represents life and death through witnessing persecution, devastation, gurgling, or the sun rising from the West. I ended my research by discussing the causes of falling into the various types of false faith and strategies to prevent it. We pray to God for success and sincerity in everything we say and do.
Ruling on Converting to Islam with the Existence of the Corrupt Condition
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed
Published: June 2024

This research falls within the jurisprudential investigations and deals with the discussion of the ruling on embracing Islam with the stipulation of some corrupt conditions. It aims to clarify the legal ruling for those who want to enter Islam with the condition that they abandon some of the duties imposed by Islam or do not stop doing some of the forbidden things that Islam forbids. This issue is one of the frequently asked questions by those who want to convert to Islam. One of the most important reasons that made the researcher choose this topic is the lack of studies addressing it, despite the great need for it. One of the most important results of the research is that scholars differed in their opinions on the validity of Islam in the presence of invalid conditions, with two main views. The most correct view is that it is valid, and the ruling on the validity of Islam with the presence of invalid conditions is not specific to the Thaqif tribe but rather a general ruling for those who want to enter Islam with the stipulation of corrupt conditions. Additionally, this issue is specific only to those who want to enter Islam recently.
The Ruling on Alerting the Verses of the Qur’an in Prayer
Authors: Al-Tamimi Saad
Published: June 2024

Praise be to Allah, and may prayers and peace be upon the faithful Prophet. Prayer holds a high position in Islam, and the Sharia clarifies its rulings, as well as what validates or invalidates them. Due to human nature being prone to forgetfulness and distraction, worshippers often find themselves in situations where they need to correct their actions during prayer and alert others to possible mistakes. Many times, an Imam may be uncertain about the correct course of action, or congregants may inadvertently disrupt his prayer with conversations. In such cases, it becomes necessary to address the issue and continue with the prayer. This research aims to benefit worshippers, including Imams and congregants, by providing guidance on correcting prayers and avoiding accidental omissions, as well as offering strategies for alerting others when necessary. The research discusses various examples of Quranic verses that can be remembered and utilized during prayer to alert the Imam, the congregation, or others. The title of this research is: "The Ruling on Alerting with Quranic Verses During Prayer". Its primary objectives include mentioning examples of Quranic verses suitable for alerting. The research is structured into an introduction, four main sections, and a conclusion. The first section covers the warning of praise and similar actions, the second focuses on alerting with Quranic verses, the third explores the positions of early scholars regarding Quranic verse alerting, and the fourth provides examples of Quranic verses suitable for alerting during prayer.
Knowledge Integration Between the Origins of Jurisprudence and Doctrine
Authors: Al-Najran Suleiman
Published: June 2024

This noble, exalted, and purified Sharia came complete, perfected by the integration of its origins and branches. No origin replaces another origin, no whole replaces another whole, no branch replaces a branch, no interior replaces an apparent, and no apparent replaces an interior. Its origins and branches serve and support each other to build its totality. This is why the Sharia was one unit in its revealed proof, with no distinction between operations or beliefs. So, you find belief and action in a single verse, and you find in a single hadith a branch and a root, with no separation between them, and the Companions - may God be pleased with them - were devoid of this foundation. So, they understand the complete jurisprudence: in faith, knowledge, and action. However, in the Sharia, there are principles to which branches return, universals from which particulars are built, certainties to which suspicions are returned, decisive things by which hidden and doubtful things are revealed, and clarifications to which generalities are returned. Islam has its origin in monotheism and faith, and all the provisions of the religion return to it. If we establish this principle, it will be easy for us to establish all the provisions of the Sharia, and if we are weak in establishing this principle, it will become difficult, also impossible to establish the rest of the Sharia.
Multi UAV Cooperative Reconnaissance based on Dynamic Programming VDN Algorithm
Authors: Huang Jingyi , Yang Ziyi , Li Jiarui , Wu Shuying , Zhang Xinyu , Li Bo
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a multi agent value decomposition network (VDN) based multi UAV collaborative reconnaissance and control method to address the issue of insufficient strategies for multi UAV collaborative reconnaissance and control. By designing corresponding algorithm networks and training processes, the goal of autonomy, collaboration, and intelligence among multiple unmanned aerial vehicle systems has been achieved, assisting unmanned aerial vehicle combat forces in achieving collaborative operations and decision-making. This article uses AirSim as the simulation verification environment to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can achieve multi UAV collaborative reconnaissance tasks in complex environments, providing an intelligent solution for UAV collaborative control.
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection from Retinal Images
Authors:   P.E.S’s Modern College,Pune, Zanjad Sagar
Published: June 2024

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an eye disease that can occur in people with diabetes causing permanent or temporary blindness, where the blood vessels of retina, a layer in rear interior eye and so called light sensitive part effected by high sugar damages nerves. As I mentioned above, DR can present in various ways; Some people with sick retinas experience blurred vision, while others have difficulty seeing colors or eye floaters. At first, DR might cause no symptoms or only mild vision problems. But it can lead to blindness if left undiagnosed and untreated. This study presents a pipeline for processing and analyzing retinal images. The pipeline consists of three primary steps: (i) pre-processing images, (ii) extracting features, and (iii) classifying the results. The initial step involves pre-processing the image using various modifications to improve its quality and standardize it. Gaussian filtering has been demonstrated to work fairly well in this situation for improving the contrast of the photos. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based pre-trained machine learning algorithm is used to speed up the diagnosis of the severity of DR using retinal images of patients. Convolution neural networks (CNNs), among the greatest neural network architectures for image processing applications, have been utilized in the second and third stages. Keywords-Gaussian filtering,Convolutional Neural Network,Retinalimages,Diabetic retinopathy,hemorrhage,, and exudates.
A Review of Machine Learning
Authors:   Department of CSE, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Hyderabad., Anusha Mrs. Palagati
Published: June 2024

The ever-growing complexity of engineering systems and the vast amount of data generated necessitate advanced data analysis techniques like machine learning (ML). This review explores the motivations and advantages of integrating ML into real-world engineering applications. The paper highlights the limitations of traditional deterministic models in handling intricate interactions within modern engineering systems. ML offers significant benefits including improved efficiency, enhanced decision-making, advanced automation and control, adaptability, and cost savings. Real-world applications across various disciplines are explored, including image recognition and computer vision in self-driving cars, predictive maintenance for optimizing equipment lifespans, structural health monitoring for identifying potential damage, and signal processing for control systems in airplanes and traffic lights. The review concludes by summarizing key findings from case studies on autonomous vehicle navigation, smart grid optimization, wind turbine fault detection, and HVAC system optimization in smart buildings. These case studies showcase the power of machine learning techniques like deep learning, reinforcement learning, sensor fusion, and ensemble learning in achieving superior performance and efficiency in various engineering domains. Key Words: Machine Learning, Engineering Applications, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Predictive Maintenance, Robotics, Structural Design, Smart Grids, Fault Detection, Optimization, Control Systems.
Enhancing RAG Systems: A Survey of Optimization Strategies for Performance and Scalability
Authors:   RV College of Engineering, Mysore Road, Bengaluru, 560059, Karnataka, India.
Published: June 2024

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems offer significant advancements in natural language processing by combining large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge sources to improve factual accuracy and contextual relevance. However, the computational complexity of RAG pipelines presents challenges in terms of efficiency and scalability. This research paper conducts a comprehensive survey of optimization techniques across four key areas: tokenizer performance, encoder performance, vector database search strategies, and LLM agent integra- tion. The study explores approaches to accelerate tokenization using Rust-based implementations and investigates hardware optimizations like CUDA and Ten- sor cores to boost encoder efficiency. Additionally, it delves into algorithms and indexing strategies for efficient vector database searches and examines meth- ods for optimising the interaction between retrieved knowledge and LLM agents. By analysing recent research and evaluating various optimization strategies, this paper aims to provide valuable insights into enhancing the performance and practicality of RAG systems for real-world applications. Keywords: Retrieval-Augmented Generation, Performance optimization, Tokenization, WordPiece, Rust, FastTokenizer,Encoding, GPU, CUDA, Tensor Cores, Parallel Processing, Vector Databases, Indexing, HNSW, FAISS, DiskANN, LLM Agents, Prompt Engineering, Retriever
ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
Authors:   Department Of Computer Engineering, IIMT Collage Of Engineering, Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh, Thakur Mr. Chirag
Published: June 2024

With rapid growth in technologies the old voting methods can change to advanced voting methods. Online voting software is a modern solution that can efficiently and securely facilitate the voting process for various groups and organizations. The use of such software eliminates the need for physical polling stations, as voters can cast their ballots from anywhere with an internet connection. The benefits of using online voting software are many; it increases accessibility, saves time and resources, ensures accuracy and transparency, and supports a more democratic decision-making process. Eligibility verification and accurate voter information are essential components of a successful online voting platform. While several countries have already implemented online voting software, this approach still faces challenges and limitations that must be addressed before universal adoption. In the following sections, we will delve further into the various types of electronic voting methods and examine successful global examples of online voting. We will also discuss current trends and future developments in online voting software provide a comparison between online and traditional voting methods. KEYWORDS: Django , Python, DBSqlite3, Bootstrap, Webauth, Charts.js, HTML, JS, CSS.
COST EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT IN BIOMASS PELLET MANUFACTURING THROUGH RAW MATERIALS OPTIMIZING
Authors: Sasidharan C.
Published: June 2024

This project explores innovative approaches to enhance efficiency and reduce costs in biomass pellet production. By integrating smart technologies, process optimization, and sustainable practices, the aim is to make biomass pellet production more affordable and environmentally friendly. By implementing smart solutions, the goal is to address challenges related to variability in biomass feedstock, energy inefficiencies, and operational costs. This research not only seeks to improve the economic viability of biomass pellet production but also aims to contribute to the broader goal of fostering renewable energy solutions for a more sustainable future. In addition, the project explores the incorporation of renewable energy sources, such as solar or biomass-based energy, into the production process to further reduce environmental impact and operational costs. The optimization of supply chain logistics is also a focal point, aiming to minimize transportation-related emissions and ensure a more sustainable overall production lifecycle. Through a holistic approach, this research endeavors to provide a roadmap for the integration of smart and sustainable practices, fostering a greener and economically feasible future for biomass pellet production.” Key Points : Feed Hopper, Motor, Roller, Cycle Chain
A STUDY ON WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AT ASHLEY ALTEAMS INDIA LIMITED
Authors: KUMAR K Mr. HEMANTH
Published: June 2024

This study delves into the intricacies of operating capital management within Organization, analyzing the company's strategies and practices in keeping most suitable tiers of liquidity and operational performance. Through a comprehensive analysis of monetary statements, cash go with the flow patterns, and enterprise benchmarks, the studies evaluate the effectiveness of numerous running capital control techniques employed by way of Organization. Furthermore, the study explores the impact of powerful running capital control at the enterprise's profitability, cash go with the flow dynamics, and common economic performance. By providing treasured insights into the agency's control of cutting-edge assets and liabilities, this study contributes to the wider understanding of running capital control practices inside the context of contemporary business operations. This observe examines the fluctuations in economic ratios through the years and the general working capital management practices of Organization. Key words: Operating Capital Management, Liquidity Management, Profitability Analysis, Financial Performance
A STUDY ON GAMIFICATION – A TOOL TO INCREASE EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: REBACCA Dr. A. SINDHIYA
Published: June 2024

A study on gamification-a tool to increase employee engagement and productivity, was carried out in a manufacturing company. With a sample size of 220 participants, this study investigates the effects of gamification as a strategic tool to improve worker productivity and engagement with 500 employees. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of gamified approaches in creating a more motivated and productive workforce through a thorough review of gamification strategies and their application in the workplace. This study aims to offer important insights into the possible advantages of using gamification strategies into organizational culture by looking at important indicators. Key words: Gamification, Employee engagement, Productivity, Gamified strategies.
The effect of cadre assistance on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers regarding breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and monitoring children's growth
Authors:   Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kendari, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, Anwar Khalidatul , Nurmiaty Nurmiaty ,   Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu, Palu, Centre Sulawesi, Indonesia, Arum Dyah Noviawati Setya ,   Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, DIY, Indonesia, Banudi La ,   Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kendari, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, Yustiari Yustiari ,   Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kendari, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, Arsulfa Arsulfa ,   Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kendari, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of cadre assistance on mothers’ knowledge and attitudes regarding breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and monitoring children's growth. The research design was quasi-experimental and was conducted from August to October 2023 at four health centers (Poasia, Mokoau, Nambo, and Abeli in Kendari City, Indonesia). The study population consisted of mothers from four Health Centers. The sample size included 92 mothers. The inclusion criteria were mothers who had babies aged 4-6 months, could read, had no disability, and lived in the study area. The intervention group was divided into 2 (intervention 1 with cadre assistance, Intervention group 2 provided modules https://doi.org/10.36990/978-623-88118-2-3, and the control group received no intervention). The intervention was performed for 2 months. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. The data obtained were in the ratio category, and data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Findings showed that there were differences in the maternal knowledge and attitude scores among the three groups (p<0.05). There was a difference between the pre-test and post-test in the mothers' knowledge scores in Intervention Group 1 (p<0.001). Regarding mothers’ attitudes, there were significant differences between intervention groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001). However, no significant differences were observed in the control group. Practical benefits from the results can be seen in designing more effective interventions for improving maternal knowledge and attitudes towards the topic. This could lead to improved health outcomes for mothers and infants. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of such interventions on the sustainability of breastfeeding practices and child development.
Analisis Perbandingan Pendapatan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga Karyawan Panen dengan Karyawan Panen dengan Karyawan Perawatan di PT. Socfin Indonesia (SOCFINDO) Kebun Aek-Loba, Kabupaten Asahan Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Riduwan Muhammad , Purwandari Istiti , Ambarsari Arum
Published: June 2024

This study aims to find out 1. The wage system of harvest and maintenance employees at PT Socfindo, 2. Comparison of family income of harvesting and maintenance employees 3. Comparison of family welfare of harvest and maintenance employees at PT. Socfin Indonesia Aek-Loba Plantation. This study used a quantitative method by descriptive. The research location was chosen purposively at PT. Socfin Indonesia Aek-Loba Gardens. Sampling method uses purposive sampling technique and data collection method uses descriptive quantitative or descriptive statistics to determine income comparisons and welfare comparisons between families of harvest employees and families of maintenance employees at PT. Socfin Indonesia Aek-Loba Gardens. The research results obtained are 1. The wage system of harvest and maintenance at PT. Socfin Indonesia Aek-Loba plantations pay system which is given to harvest employees using a time unit system and yield units then maintenance employees use a time unit system. 2. Comparison of family income of harvesting and maintenance employees at PT. Socfin Indonesia Aek-Loba Plantation is a significant difference of IDR 1,227,549. 3. There is no significant difference between the welfare of the families of harvest employees and the maintenance at PT.Socfin Indonesia, Aek Loba Garden, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra.
Effect of Tax Audit on Tax Compliance
Authors: Tharu Anil
Published: June 2024

The study's main focus was on how tax audits affected tax compliance in the Banganga Municipality with particular goals in mind. Numerous statistical tools, including the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, coefficient of correlation, and ANOVA test, were used to achieve these goals. There is a significant correlation between desk audit, field audit, back duty audit, registration audit, and tax compliance. It has been discovered that greater levels of desk audit, field audit, back duty audit, and registration audit performance enhance factors related to tax compliance. Factors have been investigated in this paper. Desk, field, back duty, and registration audits were among the independent variables; tax compliance was the dependent variable.
Formulation & Evaluation of Anti Migrane Mouth Dissolving Tablet
Authors: Upadhyay Jyotsna , Sonaji Amle Vandana , Naaz Farha
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study is to improve the safety, efficacy, and rate of action of the existing molecule by utilising novel techniques to the administration of medication. This will be accomplished by the application of novel approaches. Orally disintegrating pills containing rizatriptan benzoate were made by the direct compression technique in order to provide migraine sufferers with a more expedient manner of gaining relief from their condition. For the purpose of this inquiry, a 32-factororial design method was utilised, and eight different formulations were examined for each of the super disintegrants that were explored. There were a number of tests that were performed on the batches of tablets that were manufactured. These tests included weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, invitro dispersion time, drug content, and invitro dissolution. A UV spectrophotometric approach that is easy, sensitive, rapid, accurate, cost-effective, and repeatable was created in order to identify the dose form of Rizatriptan Benzoate tablets. This method was designed in order to determine the dose form. It has been determined that rizatriptan benzoate has the maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 225 nm, and its molar absorption is measured to be 1.619 Ao. According to Beer's law, the application of the law was observed between 1 and 10 μg/ml. In order to validate the conclusions of the investigation, statistical analysis and recovery studies were carried out. In order to validate the method, a number of various criteria were utilised. These criteria included linearity, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), Sandell's sensitivity, and specificity were among the criteria that were utilised. The practice of determining the regular dosage of Rizatriptan Benzoate in both tablet and bulk forms was found to be one that is accurate and precise via the utilisation of the preferred method. This was identified through the utilisation of the recommended method. A time period ranging from fifteen to thirty seconds was required for the optimised formulation to be distributed throughout the body. Furthermore, it demonstrated a greater water absorption ratio and released 99.60% of the medication over a period of two minutes and fifteen seconds. This was in addition to everything else that it shown.
Diabetic Retinopathy: Current Understanding, Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Amjad Mohd , Gupta Harsh , Anamika  , Kumar Roshan , Kumar Roshan
Published: June 2024

Researchers have been assuming about the possible connection between the eye and the central nervous system (CNS) for a considerable amount of time. This is primarily due to the fact that the eye is considered to be an extension of the brain, which is a reasonable assumption. The neural tube is the beginning of both structures, and neurons are the building blocks of both structures. Retinal ganglionic cells, also known as RGCs, are a specific type of cell that are found in the retina. These cells are responsible for receiving light signals from the environment around them and then transmitting them to photoreceptors, which are involved in the process of vision. The retina, which is found inside the eye, is responsible for converting light into electrical impulses, which are then sent to the brain through the optic nerve. Glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy are only few of the eye illnesses that can be caused by chronic progressive neurodegeneration of the retina, which is more prevalent in older people. It is the elderly who are most likely to be affected by these eye disorders; nevertheless, younger people are also susceptible to them and may experience permanent vision loss or a reduction in their eyesight. In most cases, neurodegenerative disorders that are characteristic of CSN are characterised by common symptoms and a cause that is only partially understood. Although certain risk factors have been identified, they do not account for all instances. On the other hand, according to a number of studies, several illnesses of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), which are responsible for a significant amount of mortality and morbidity on a global scale, display distinctive alterations at the ocular level. It is helpful to be aware of potential linkages in order to have a better understanding of the mechanics on which onset occurs. In addition, experts have not yet reached a consensus regarding the factors that are responsible for these various disorders. In this overview, the symptoms of ocular illnesses are discussed in detail, with a particular focus on the interaction between the brain and the eye. At some point in the future, a more in-depth understanding could be of assistance in the development of innovative treatments that could help reduce or prevent blindness and improve quality of life.
Therapeutic Approaches of Nutraceuticals in Neurological Disorders: A Review
Authors: Kumar Vipul , Gupta Harsh , Anamika  , Kumar Roshan
Published: June 2024

A big problem in healthcare around the world is neurological illnesses. There is a huge healthcare and financial burden on society worldwide due to the dramatically increased risk of chronic sickness and diseases linked with posed lifestyle changes. Fine treatment for sick illnesses with few known adverse effects is the goal of research. A number of functional food studies have been launched in the last few decades in an effort to identify meals with enhanced therapeutic activity and reduced adverse effects. As a result, research into nutraceutical therapy for illness prevention and various extraction procedures for disorders has been underway. Progressive memory loss characterises Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder. The pharmaceutical options available today are expensive, come with unwanted side effects, and are in short supply. Scientists and researchers have noticed that nutraceuticals have a big impact. The anti-Alzheimer's efficacy of nutraceuticals was examined in a number of clinical and preclinical investigations. The study of new therapeutic targets, such as the pathophysiological mechanisms and unique cascades, has resulted from the growing understanding of the AD pathogenesis. Therefore, the most effective and well-known nutraceuticals will be showcased in the present development, together with brief mechanisms involving antioxidants, autophagy control, anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial homeostasis, and more. Nutraceuticals have real-world impacts, and getting your hands on phytochemicals and other vital bioactive ingredients from therapeutically active foods is a top priority. Because of this, the term "functional foods" has been muddied and replaced with similar ones such as "pharmafoods," "medifoods," "vita foods," or "medicinal foods." Nutraceuticals are in high demand to counteract neurological interventions, and there is an urgent need to stick to healthy options. Nutraceuticals may play a preventative role in neurological therapies due to the demonstrated correlation between dietary patterns and lifestyle factors and neurodegeneration. Examining high-quality clinical trials is the focus of the present study, which touches on several important neurological topics. In light of nutraceuticals' promise as multi-targeted therapy for Alzheimer's disease, it is critical to assess them as promising lead molecules for the development of new drugs. Prospective studies should, according to the authors' understanding, take into account blood-brain barrier permeability alteration, bioavailability, and features of randomised clinical trials.
Design Formulation and Evaluation of Anti Migraine Mouth Dissolving Tablets Using Different Super Disintegrants
Authors: Kumar Ravi Shankar , Loveleen  , Passi Indu , Kaur Amandeep , Sharma Sandeep Kumar
Published: June 2024

The main objective of this research was to create and evaluate the efficacy of orally disintegrating tablets containing sumatriptan succinate at a dosage of 25 milligrammes, a medicine commonly prescribed for the treatment of migraines. The tablets are made using the direct compression method. In order to achieve best results, the formulations were enriched with microcrystalline cellulose of varying composition (Avicel PH 102), mannitol as a diluent, crospovidone, croscaramellose, and sodium starch glycollate as superdisintegrants. Carbomer (carbopol 940), Sodium CMC, and Sodium Alginate were among the other excipients that were used. When used at varying doses, these excipients act as disintegrants. In addition, magnesium stearate was used as a substance to reduce friction, while talc was used as a substance to improve flow. We assessed each of the excipients to ascertain their compatibility with the model drug. The findings revealed no occurrence of any physical or chemical interaction. Before compression, the preformulation features of the tablet blend were examined. The criteria considered were bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, and hausner ratio. An assessment was carried out on central tablets to ascertain their dimensions, firmness, tendency to crumble, variability in weight, rate of disintegration, and uniformity of drug content properties. Furthermore, an investigation was conducted to examine the impact of these variables on the release of the drug. The drug release studies were performed in vitro using the USP dissolving apparatus-II (paddle type) with a phosphate buffer solution at a pH of 6.8. The experiments were conducted at a speed of 50 revolutions per minute at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius, with a standard deviation of 5 degrees Celsius. The sampling was conducted at consistent intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 minutes. After each withdrawal, an equivalent volume of dissolving medium was replaced with the sample. The ultraviolet (UV) method is employed to evaluate the cumulative quantity of medications that have been discharged at different time intervals. Based on the evaluation results, the F-3 trial formulation, which included 6% crospovidone, was selected as the superior formulation among the superdisintegrants. Conversely, the F-10 trial formulation, which included 2% carbopol 940p, was selected as the superior formulation compared to other basic disintegrants.
Current Strategies for Monitoring and Control of IAQ
Authors: Agarwal Renu , Kumar Ravi
Published: June 2024

The focuses of this paper is on the critical importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) and the need for innovative monitoring systems to enhance occupants' quality of life while balancing energy efficiency.
Development of Materials for IAQ Sensors ,  Enhanced Sensitivity and Selectivity, Miniaturization and Integration, Wireless Connectivity and IoT Integration,Long-Term Stability and Reliability, Cost-Effectiveness and Scalability, Air Purification Technologies for IAQ Improvement, HEPA Filtration, Ionic Air Purification, Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO), Electrostatic Precipitation, Hybrid Air Purification Systems, Smart Home for IAQ Control Sensor Technology, Data Analytic, Automated Ventilation, Air Filtration and Purification, Smart Thermostats and HVAC Controls, Mobile Apps and User Interfaces,Integration with Smart Home Ecosystems,  Air Purification Technologies for IAQ Improvement, . Smart Home for IAQ Control.
These strategies collectively empower individuals and building managers to monitor, analyze, and optimize indoor air quality, leading to healthier indoor environments. The use of advanced materials, innovative sensors, and smart technologies enables real-time data-driven decisions, promoting sustainable and effective IAQ management.
The overall aim is to mitigate the risks associated with indoor air pollution and ensure that indoor environments remain clean, safe, and healthy for occupants. Ongoing research and technological advancements continue to drive progress in this important field, making IAQ management increasingly accessible and effective for diverse settings and populations.
لمحات من الموقف الاستشراقي المعاصر تجاه القرآن الكريم والنبي محمد دراسة نقدية-
تحليلية
Authors: الرماحي هبه
Published: June 2024

تعـد دراسـة السـيرة النبويـة بـكل مكوناتهـا ومراحلهـا ومسـلاتها مـن المتطلبـات
المنهجيـة والمعرفيـة ذات الأهميـة القصـوى لدراسـة ثقافـة المجتمـع الاسـلامي في تمثلهـا
للعـالم ولباقـي الأديـان السـاوية الاخـرى، وبهـذا تحتـل دراسـة سـيرة الرسـول ً مسـاحة
كبـيرة في الدراسـات الاسـتراقية، ابتـداء ً مـن العصـور الوسـطى مـرورا بعـر النهضـة ومــن
ثــم عــر الانــوار وصــولاً الى العــر الحديــث - حتــى وقتنــا الراهــن.. ونحــن هنــا
في هــذه الدراســة ســوف نغــوص في أعــاق تلــك الدراســات الاســتراقية وبصــورة خاصــة
المعــاصرة. لكــن اولاً ســنتطرق الى الدراســات الاســتراقية الســابقة ورؤيتهــا اتجــاه
القــرآن الكريــم والســيرة النبويــة العطــرة ، ثــم نقــوم بطــرح الإطــار العلمــي
والنظــري والإعلامــي حــول موقــف الاســتراق المعــاصر مــن القــرآن الكريــم والنبــي
محمــد
PERFORMANCE PUBLIC POLICY: CHINA IN COVID-19
Authors:   School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, Australia., Gao Xiang
Published: June 2024

COVID-19 created a worldwide public policy vacuum due to the lack of scientific knowledge concerning effective disease control and vaccine. In this policy vacuum governments often sought to display themselves effective protectors of the public’s health and safety despite a less than effective or complete policy performance. From this perspective is useful to compare actual policy outcomes as well as analyse the symbolic performance in public policy. This article presents an analytical framework of performance public policy with three elements, including constructing policy achievement, providing political goods, and establishing ‘normative’ commitment in both domestic politics and foreign policy. The research argues that Chinese government and CCP have been able to maintain a relatively high degree of social coherence and domestic support during the pandemic by employing performance public policy, a combination of materials strength, political propaganda, nationalist discourse, and assertive foreign policy. Keywords: COVID-19, Performance Public Policy, Chinese Politics, Chinese Foreign Policy, Global Governance
West Virginia Human Whole-Body Donors in Undergraduate Biology Education at Radford University
Authors: Gruss Laura , Close Matthew , O'Brien Sara
Published: June 2024

The use of human whole-body donors is the gold standard in anatomy education, and dissection is a standard pedagogical tool in gross anatomy courses in medical schools, physical therapy schools, and other health science graduate and professional training programs.  However, undergraduate students studying anatomy and physiology rarely have the opportunity to work with real human tissues.  The Biology Department at Radford University in Southwest Virginia is noteworthy for using whole-body donors from the West Virginia University Human Gifts Registry in all of its undergraduate anatomy and physiology courses.  Radford University also uses whole-body donors in non-Biology courses and in student research projects.  This report details the educational uses and impacts of WV whole-body donors at Radford University over the past seven years.
Call For Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Clinical Anatomy Education in WV
Authors: Davis Jillian
Published: June 2024

There is unrealized opportunity to create mutually beneficial interdisciplinary connections for research and education between clinical and anatomical sciences, with positive implications for students and patients in West Virginia.
The Effect of Physical Activity and ACE Scores on Psychological vs. Physiological Addiction
Authors: Brianna Hendershot  , Jason Metz  , Chelsea Robertson  , Ryan Koenig
Published: June 2024

Addiction is a growing problem in the United States. Rehabilitation facilities have exercise as a component of their program, yet these facilities are not always within reach of every person with addictive tendencies. Understanding that addiction is a chronic disease that is treatable with integrated treatment methods, it’s imperative to find the root of addictive tendencies. PURPOSE: Determine if there is a triangular relationship between addiction, physical activity, and adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores, looking specifically at psychological and physiological addiction types. METHODS: Data was collected from 25 females and 6 males, recruited from West Liberty University via email. Participants completed a self-reported online anonymous 4-section survey including basic demographics, The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), The Health-Resiliency-Stress Questionnaire Part D (HRSQ), and addictive tendencies through questions regarding the criteria for psychological and physiological addiction from the DSM. Two continuous moderation analyses were run concerning the two dependent variables, psychological, and physiological addiction. Physical activity levels (minutes per week) were the moderator, and ACE scores (total ACE scores) were the predictor. RESULTS: There was a significant main effect between psychological addiction, and ACE scores p = 0.013. There was a nonsignificant interaction found between physical activity levels (minutes per week) on ACE scores and psychological addiction, p = 0.433. There was a nonsignificant interaction found between physical activity levels (minutes per week) on ACE scores and physiological addiction, p = 0.452. CONCLUSION: Continuous moderation analyses revealed no moderating effect among physical activity and addiction type as ACE scores as the predictor variable.
Construcción de modelos sobre respuestas biológicas de seres vivos frente a estímulos externos
Authors: Píriz Giménez Nazira , Galagovsky Lydia
Published: June 2024

Se presenta una experiencia didáctica sobre el fenómeno biológico de la irritabilidad de los seres vivos. La propuesta consistió en que 81 estudiantes, futuros docentes de Biología, crearan modelos ad hoc para interpretar las reacciones de seres vivos ficticios insertados en contextos biológicos fantásticos, tomados de dos escenas de la película Avatar®.
Los dos objetivos fueron a) analizar las dificultades de los estudiantes durante el proceso de modelización; b) detectar las estrategias de la intervención docente que favorecieron la superación de obstáculos de aprendizaje.
Se presentan las características generales de la propuesta didáctica, ejemplos de los tres tipos principales de obstáculos epistemológicos encontrados y las estrategias docentes que contribuyeron a la superación de tales dificultades.
Enfoques académicos de las emociones hacia la Física en maestros en formación inicial
Authors: Pérez-Bueno Beatriz , De las Heras Pérez María Ángeles , Jiménez-Pérez Roque
Published: June 2024

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es categorizar un listado de diez emociones hacia la Física según los enfoques temático, de logro, epistémico y social, con la finalidad de conocer lo que las origina. Para ello, se realiza un análisis cualitativo de las justificaciones recogidas de un grupo de 104 estudiantes para maestros de Educación Primaria a través de un cuestionario abierto sobre la intensidad con la que recuerdan haber experimentado las diez emociones. Los dos enfoques más frecuentemente manifestados fueron el temático y el de logro. El primero, a través del interés, entusiasmo, diversión, aburrimiento y rechazo; el segundo, mediante la frustración, satisfacción, preocupación y nerviosismo. Los resultados permitieron entender el entorno educativo en que se generaban las emociones para poder considerar abordajes diferenciados según sus causas subyacentes.
Reflexión crítica en formación inicial: caracterización de trayectorias al diseñar secuencias
Authors: Herrera San Martín Edith
Published: June 2024

El estudio caracteriza los niveles de reflexión del profesorado en formación de Biología y Química de la Universidad Pública de Chile, al generar Secuencias de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las sesiones de práctica pedagógica (noveno semestre) y de práctica profesional (décimo semestre). El estudio de caso se realizó durante dos años sobre cuatro fases: diagnóstico, diseño secuencia, implementación y evaluación. Los estudiantes reflexionaron en un porfolio sobre su acción práctica y estas se codificaron en categorías con Atlas.ti. Las trayectorias reflexivas se analizaron según niveles: prerreflexivo, superficial, pedagógico y crítico. Los resultados señalan diversidad de trayectorias. Se concluye que en la práctica de 2021 se avanzó de un nivel prerreflexivo hasta llegar al crítico y en 2022 solo alcanzó un nivel pedagógico, por lo que es necesario promover la reflexión crítica en las prácticas de formación inicial.
Fabrication of porous geopolymers utilizing aluminum wastes as foaming agent
Authors: CHOKKHA Siriwan , AYAWANNA Jiratchaya , POOWANCUM Anurat , SINGLAEM Thanasak , MITSOMWANG Pusit
Published: June 2024

Porous geopolymers (PG) are attractive due to their simple fabrication and diverse applications. This work presents a method for fabricating PG by using aluminum salt slag (ASS) as a foaming agent and metakaolin (MK) as the precursor. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are used as alkali activator solutions. The results show that the PG is fabricated by using the sequence mixing method. ASS was milled to a size of 4 µm, then mixed with an NaOH solution for 30 min. After that, MK and Na2SiO3 solution were added. The weight ratio of Na2SiO3/NaOH and solid/liquid was 2.0 and 0.6, respectively. The 7-day cured PG with 5 wt% ASS achieves a strength of 15 MPa, which is close to the minimum requirement of Portland cement of 19 MPa. PG strength decreases, while setting time and pore size increase with increasing ASS content. The knowledge of this work enables the utilization of ASS as a valuable geopolymer foaming agent.