bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental migration and self‐efficacy among rural‐origin adolescents in China: Patterns and mechanisms
Authors: Wen Ming , Wang Weidong , Ahmmad Zobayer , Jin Lei
Published: December 2022

Large‐scale rural‐to‐urban migration has shaped the socialization contexts of rural adolescents in China and can potentially impact their developmental outcomes. In this study, using data from the first wave of the China Education Panel Study collected in 2013, we focused on self‐efficacy, an important but under‐studied facet of noncognitive development, and assessed how it was influenced by family migration status. We also explored the mediating role of family and school resources. We compared three groups of rural‐origin adolescents with different family migration statuses: rural left‐behind children (LBC), rural not‐left‐behind children (NLBC), and rural‐to‐urban migrant children (MC). Structural equation modeling was performed to estimate the main effects of rural‐origin groups on self‐efficacy and the mediating effects of family income, family social capital, and school social capital for the significant group effects on self‐efficacy. We found similar levels of self‐efficacy among MC and NLBC, who in turn, exhibited greater self‐efficacy than LBC. Discrepancies in family and school resources mediated the self‐efficacy gaps between LBC and their MC and NLBC counterparts. Notably, when their disadvantages in family and school resources were controlled for, LBC were more efficacious than MC and NLBC, indicating LBC's resilience and the potential for promoting self‐efficacy in LBC by providing adequate resources and support.
Effects of social support processes during implementation of community‐based randomized controlled trials: An example from a culturally adapted replication trial for Latino families
Authors: Cobb Cory L. , Martínez Charles R. , Schwartz Seth J. , Montero‐Zamora Pablo
Published: December 2022

Aims

Little work has considered the effects of salient interpersonal processes on the successful implementation and receipt of community‐based interventions within randomized control trial designs.

Method

Using data from the intervention arm (n = 120) of Nuestras Familias: Andando Entre Culturas (Our Families: Walking Between Cultures)—a community‐based parent training intervention among Latino families—we assessed the effects of two common social support processes (group member and group leader support) during intervention delivery on participant satisfaction, use of intervention techniques at program termination, and longer‐term parenting outcomes.

Results

Findings indicated that group member and leader social support predicted program satisfaction, and group leader support predicted greater use of intervention techniques at termination. However, social support processes did not predict longer‐term parenting outcomes.

Conclusion

Group member and leader support may help to promote higher consumer satisfaction and initial use of intervention techniques in a community intervention for Latinos.
Varying intensity of simulated infection partially affects the magnitude of the acute‐phase immune response in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum
Authors: Carrizo María C. , Zenuto Roxana R. , Luna Facundo , Cutrera Ana P.
Published: December 2022

The acute phase response (APR), coordinated by a complex network of components of the immune and neuroendocrine systems, plays a key role in early immune defense. This response can be elicited by a wide variety of pathogens at different intensities (frequencies and doses), hence experimental immune challenges with antigen gradients makes it possible to evaluate sickness progression with a better representation of what occurs in natural systems. However, how infection intensity could shape the APR magnitude in wild species is still poorly understood. Here, the immune response was activated in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum with a gradient of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) doses (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg/kg of body mass). Changes in body temperature, body mass, and energetic costs were evaluated over time. We also assessed cortisol levels, white blood cells counts and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratios, before and after injection. Results indicated that during the APR, C. talarum shows a hyperthermic response, which is maintained for 6 h, with slight differences among antigen doses in the pattern of thermal response and body mass change. A maximum increase in body temperature of 0.83°C to 1.63°C was observed during the first hour, associated with a metabolic cost that ranged from 1.25 to 1.41 ml O2/gh. Although no clear effects of treatment were detected on leukocyte abundance, we found increments in neutrophil: lymphocyte ratios and gradual increases in cortisol levels corresponding to the intensity of simulated infection, which may indicate redistribution of immune cells and enhancement of immune function. An evident sickness syndrome was observed even at the lowest LPS dose that was characterized by an increase in body temperature, energy expenditure, and N: L ratio, as well as a dose‐dependent increase in cortisol levels. Although in nature, other constraints and challenges could affect the magnitude and costs of immune responses, C. talarum mounts an effective APR with a low increase in their daily energy expenditure, regardless of LPS dose.
An Integrated Clinical‐MR Radiomics Model to Estimate Survival Time in Patients With Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Li Xingfeng , Marcus Diana , Russell James , Aboagye Eric O. , Ellis Laura Burney , Sheeka Alexander , Park Won‐Ho Edward , Bharwani Nishat , Ghaem‐Maghami Sadaf , Rockall Andrea G.
Published: December 2022

Background

Determination of survival time in women with endometrial cancer using clinical features remains imprecise. Features from MRI may improve the survival estimation allowing improved treatment planning.

Purpose

To identify clinical features and imaging signatures on T2‐weighted MRI that can be used in an integrated model to estimate survival time for endometrial cancer subjects.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Four hundred thirteen patients with endometrial cancer as training (N = 330, 66.41 ± 11.42 years) and validation (N = 83, 67.60 ± 11.89 years) data and an independent set of 82 subjects as testing data (63.26 ± 12.38 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5‐T and 3‐T scanners with sagittal T2‐weighted spin echo sequence.

Assessment

Tumor regions were manually segmented on T2‐weighted images. Features were extracted from segmented masks, and clinical variables including age, cancer histologic grade and risk score were included in a Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model. A group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method was implemented to determine the model from the training and validation datasets.

Statistical Tests

A likelihood‐ratio test and decision curve analysis were applied to compare the models. Concordance index (CI) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were calculated to assess the model.

Results

Three radiomic features (two image intensity and volume features) and two clinical variables (age and cancer grade) were selected as predictors in the integrated model. The CI was 0.797 for the clinical model (includes clinical variables only) and 0.818 for the integrated model using training and validation datasets, the associated mean AUC value was 0.805 and 0.853. Using the testing dataset, the CI was 0.792 and 0.882, significantly different and the mean AUC was 0.624 and 0.727 for the clinical model and integrated model, respectively.

Data Conclusion

The proposed CPH model with radiomic signatures may serve as a tool to improve estimated survival time in women with endometrial cancer.

Evidence Level

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
A study on the morbid histopathological changes in COVID‐19 patients with or without comorbidities using minimally invasive tissue sampling
Authors: Goel Ayush , Ray Animesh , Chavan Amitkumar , Sahni Shubham , Gupta Baidhnath K. , Raut Shrawan K. , Agarwal Shubham , Nehra Jagbir , Somu Bharadhan , Raja Ragu , Aakansha  , Nagpal Chitrakshi , Rajanna Chaithra , Shahi Anand , Rajendran Anand , Varadrajan Ashwin , Hasan Inamul , Choppala Pratheek , Priyadarshi Megha , Jain Deepali , Subramanian Arulselvi , Arava Sudheer , Singh Geetika , Das Prasenjit , Sarkar Chitra , Nischal Neeraj , Soneja Manish , Jorwal Pankaj , Trikha Anjan , Wig Naveet
Published: December 2022

COVID‐19 causes morbid pathological changes in different organs including lungs, kidneys, liver, and so on, especially in those who succumb. Though clinical outcomes in those with comorbidities are known to be different from those without—not much is known about the differences at the histopathological level. To compare the morbid histopathological changes in COVID‐19 patients between those who were immunocompromised (Gr 1), had a malignancy (Gr 2), or had cardiometabolic conditions (hypertension, diabetes, or coronary artery disease) (Gr 3), postmortem tissue sampling (minimally invasive tissue sampling [MITS]) was done from the lungs, kidney, heart, and liver using a biopsy gun within 2 hours of death. Routine (hematoxylin and eosin) and special staining (acid fast bacilli, silver methanamine, periodic acid schiff) was done besides immunohistochemistry. A total of 100 patients underwent MITS and data of 92 patients were included (immunocompromised: 27, malignancy: 18, cardiometabolic conditions: 71). In lung histopathology, capillary congestion was more in those with malignancy, while others like diffuse alveolar damage, microthrombi, pneumocyte hyperplasia, and so on, were equally distributed. In liver histopathology, architectural distortion was significantly different in immunocompromised; while steatosis, portal inflammation, Kupffer cell hypertrophy, and confluent necrosis were equally distributed. There was a trend towards higher acute tubular injury in those with cardiometabolic conditions as compared to the other groups. No significant histopathological difference in the heart was discerned. Certain histopathological features were markedly different in different groups (Gr 1, 2, and 3) of COVID‐19 patients with fatal outcomes.
Soil salinity estimation: Effects of microwave dielectric spectroscopy and important frequencies
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Ding Jianli , Ge Xiangyu , Huang Shuai , Han Lijing
Published: December 2022

The microwave dielectric constant is a key bridge in establishing the relationship between microwave remote sensing and soil salinity (electrical conductivity, EC). However, the response between microwave dielectric spectrum type, frequency, and soil salinity is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to reveal the dielectric spectrum and frequency range closely related to soil salinity. In this study, 129 surface soil samples were collected, and soil EC and microwave dielectric spectrum (frequency range of 0.3–20 GHz) were measured. Four variable selection methods were used to select important spectral variables, and the relationship between these spectral variables and soil salt was constructed using a random forest model. The results showed that the combination of (real part) and (imaginary part) revealed the most implicit information related to soil salinity. Considering the important spectral variables, the model accuracy was generally improved to the full‐dielectric spectrum model (the ratios of the performance to the interquartile distance (RPIQ) improved by 0.11–0.40); furthermore, the variable iterative space shrinkage (VISSA) method could most effectively select important spectral variables (RPIQ = 2.32). The selected spectral‐RF models could provide important frequencies for estimating soil salinity; moreover, the low‐frequency range (0.3–4 GHz) and new important frequency ranges (e.g., 7 and 15 GHz) able to respond to soil salinity were identified. This study provides a new strategy for monitoring the soil salinization risk using multiple frequencies microwave remote sensing techniques.
Assessment of health literacy among migrant populations in Southern Spain: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Poza‐Méndez Miriam , Bas‐Sarmiento Pilar , Erahmouni Ismail , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Martina
Published: December 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to measure of health literacy in the migrant population and establish a type of immigrant profile with a higher risk of presenting low levels of health literacy.

Design

A cross‐sectional descriptive study.

Methods

Health literacy was measured in a total of 278 immigrants using HLS‐EU‐Q16. An inferential descriptive and multiple regression analysis was carried out.

Results

65.1% having inadequate and problematic health literacy. Significant correlations were found between health literacy and length of stay in Spain (r = .398), age (r = .178p) and perceived social status (r = .151). Participants with shorter length of stay (β = .405 1), without health sciences education (β = .205) and low education level (β = .182) had limited health literacy.
Impact of educational programme on patient's health outcomes following open heart surgeries
Authors: Elgazzar Samia Eaid , Qalawa Shereen Ahmed Ahmed , Ali Hassan Amira Mohammed
Published: December 2022

Background

Postcardiac surgery, numerous factors have been shown to predict postoperative harm of QoL, such as age, female sex, history of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, education level, marital status, and also psychological factors such as the presence of mood disorders. So, the essential key to self‐management is behavioural change, which is necessary to improve the quality of life of patients and Health outcomes.

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the education programme on patients' health outcomes following open heart surgeries.

Patients and Methods

Quasi‐experimental research design carried out in intensive care for open heart surgery in Suez Canal university hospitals at Ismailia Governate on all available both sex patients performing open heart surgery for 6‐month period (60) using the following four tools: the first tool for patient's risk stratification model Euro Scale sheet; the second tool New York Heart Association scale for assessing functional abilities; the third tool for health outcomes sheet for assessing patient's quality of life and health status; and the fourth tool for assessing Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Results

There was no significant difference found in the patient's vital signs before and after the educational programme. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between overall quality of life and socio‐demographic characteristics before and after the educational programme.

Conclusion

This study concluded that the educational programme has a positive effect on patients' quality of life in patients' educational programme; improve patient's health status as indicated by improved patient outcomes.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The most important finding was the value of the educational training programme to address the needs of open heart surgery patients, indicating that after heart surgery, patient education by training can be helpful in self‐care, and nurses can use a programme containing preparatory information to enhance results, alleviate patients problems, and improve the quality of life in patients with CABG.
Preparation of recyclable fluorescent electrospinning films and their application in distinguishing and quantitatively analyzing acid gases
Authors: Ye Peng , Zhang Haitao , Qu Jianbo , Wang Jian‐Yong , Zhu Xiuzhong , Hu Qingfei , Ma Shanghong
Published: December 2022

Acid gas, as a kind of polluting gas, poses a great threat to human health. Therefore, there is a need for a material that can detect it, and it is of great significance to find and deal with acid gas leakage in time. In this paper, the fluorescent micromolecule NAP‐OH, a naphthalimide derivative modified by morpholine, was introduced into polyurethane as an end‐capping agent, and the prepared nanometer fluorescent sensing material E‐NAP0.5/PU by electrospinning technology exhibited a sensitive ratiometric fluorescence response behavior to acid gas. The E‐NAP0.5/PU's specific surface area was 9.142 m2/g and its diameter was 200–400 nm. In 6 ppm HCl gas, TFA and FA gases, the response time of E‐NAP0.5/PU (deep orange red) films were 2, 20, and 40 s, and the colors were green, light green and light orange‐red, respectively. This showed that the membrane has great potential application in distinguishing acid gases. In addition, the E‐NAP0.5/PU changed from orange‐red to colorless within 30 s in SO2 gas with a concentration of 360 ppm. The detection limits of E‐NAP0.5/PU for HCl, TFA, FA and SO2 gases were 996 ppb (0–10 ppm), 660 ppb (0–8 ppm), 724 ppb (0–10 ppm) and 39 ppm (0–360 ppm), respectively. More importantly, E‐NAP0.5/PU could be reused multiple times. After five times of recovery, the E‐NAP0.5/PU film still recovered to its original fluorescence intensity, and kept a good response to acid. The 1H NMR and fluorescence spectra results indicated that the possible mechanism for acid gas detection of NAP‐OH was attributed to the protonation of morpholine group. To sum up, E‐NAP0.5/PU had a broad application prospect in acid gas detection.
The fundamental role of social validity in behavioral consultation in school settings
Authors: Falletta‐Cowden Neal , Lewon Matthew
Published: December 2022

Social validity refers to the extent to which applied behavior analytic (ABA) treatment goals, methods, and/or outcomes are acceptable and meaningful to stakeholders. The aim of this conceptual paper is to suggest how social validity may be promoted during behavioral consultation in school systems and how the assessment of various aspects of social validity contributes to this throughout the consultation process. Literature pertaining to the concept of social validity, rapport‐building, collaboration with stakeholders in behavioral school consultation, and the assessment of social validity are reviewed and synthesized. Social validity may be promoted in several domains: communication with consultees, collaborative selection of treatment methods and student objectives, consultee training, and measurement of outcomes meaningful to stakeholders. Social validity assessment can occur in all of these domains and is ideally a continuous process that informs all phases of consultation. There is a particular need for direct measurement of the social significance of behavioral consultation services. Social validity is integral to all aspects of the behavioral school consultation process, and it may be facilitated by incorporating valid social validity assessments into every stage of the consultation process.
Associations between sleepiness, sleep duration, and academic outcomes in early adolescence
Authors: Orihuela Catheryn A. , Mrug Sylvie , Evans Retta R.
Published: December 2022

Insufficient sleep and sleepiness are common in adolescence and can negatively impact school performance. The current study examined sleep duration and sleepiness in academic performance and cognitive processes in early adolescence. Middle school students (N = 288; Mage = 12.01; 54% female; 48% Black, 37% White, 10% Hispanic) wore activity watches for seven nights, reported on daytime sleepiness, and completed computerized tests of attention and episodic memory. Academic performance was assessed with parent and teacher reports, and math and English/language arts (ELA) grades. Results revealed unique associations between daytime sleepiness and academic outcomes, but not cognitive processes. Both shorter and longer sleep duration were related to fewer academic enablers and lower academic skills and math grades. Students with the highest levels of academic performance occurred near 8 h of sleep per night. These results support the importance of addressing daytime sleepiness and optimal sleep duration in early adolescents.
Phase Calibration of the Parametric Gate in the Superconducting Circuits
Authors: Liu Qiang , Guan Ying , Liu Youhang , Wang Hui , Li Yong , Ma Zhuang , Tan Xinsheng , Li Rengang
Published: December 2022

The quantum gate, as the foundation of quantum computation, depends on the architecture of the quantum chip, especially in superconducting systems. The parametric modulation to the flux bias is an important protocol to realize the multi‐qubit gate, which has some intrinsic advantages. Similar to other two‐qubit operations, parametric gates leave the extra phase in single‐qubit space, which is required to be corrected. In this article, the relation between the phases of the modulated pulse and the applied microwaves is experimentally characterized. By adjusting the envelope shape and phase of the applied pulses, the extra phase of the one qubit generated by the two‐qubit gate is suppressed via a simple and fast Ramsey‐like experiment. The tomography results demonstrate that this protocol is an effective calibrating method for future large‐scale quantum circuit manipulation.
Massive iliopsoas haematoma during the course of COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Nagano Hiroaki , Takaesu Sara
Published: December 2022

This report presents a case of life‐threatening iliopsoas haematoma in an immunosuppressed 86‐year‐old man with a history of prostate cancer during the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The patient was hospitalized for COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia. One week after admission, he complained of pain in his right thigh when he changed his position. Laboratory findings revealed markedly progressive anaemia and elevated creatine phosphokinase levels. Chest computed tomography revealed a massive haematoma in the right iliopsoas muscle spreading to the retroperitoneal space. Considering the advanced age and status of the patient, he was treated with red blood cell transfusions and bed rest. Fortunately, the anaemia was improved, and the haematoma gradually reduced in size. It should be noted that even during isolation, careful physical examination is important. In addition, physicians who administer heparin to patients with COVID‐19, even if prophylactic, should be aware of bleeding complications.
A Comprehensive Review on Core‐Shell Polymeric Particles for Enzyme Immobilization
Authors: Gurgel Danyelle , Vieira Yago Araujo , Henriques Rosana Oliveira , Machado Ricardo , Oechsler Bruno Francisco , Junior Agenor Furigo , de Oliveira Débora
Published: December 2022

The search for ideal solid support that promotes enzyme stability, easy separation and reuse cycles in different processes has grown widely. In this sense, core‐shell polymer particles draw attention because they are already widely used in adsorption, catalysis, and drug delivery, due to their remarkable advantages in surface properties adjustment, excellent mechanical stability, and high chemical resistance, as a result of the combination of the characteristics of the polymers that form the core and shell of the structure. Thus, this review article provides an overview of the synthesis processes of these particles, highlighting the characteristics that can be obtained from each synthesis technique, as well as the most recently used techniques to obtain polymeric particles with core‐shell morphology. The advantages and main challenges for the application of these structures in the immobilization of enzymes are also discussed, providing a general summary of what has been explored in the literature. Despite the potential of application, the use of these materials in the immobilization of enzymes is still little explored, with studies focused mainly on lipases and around the same classes of polymers. Therefore, there is an opportunity window regarding the investigation of the immobilization of other enzymes of commercial interest on these polymeric supports.
Metal‐free organic transformation: 2,6‐Pyridine dicarboxylic acid catalyzed synthesis of 5‐substituted‐1H‐tetrazoles and β‐aminoketones
Authors: Govindhan Chinnasamy , Nagarajan Panneer Selvam
Published: December 2022

A highly efficient, clean, and easy technique for the one‐pot metal‐free synthesis of 5‐substituted‐1H‐tetrazoles through click chemistry approach and β‐aminoketones via Mannich reaction employing 2,6‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid (PDCA) as an organocatalyst has been established. These conversions occur under gentle reaction conditions to give excellent to superior yields. This methodology offers benefits such as short reaction time, a low impetus stacking %, a multi‐component approach, and metal‐free ecobenign synthesis.
Electrohydrodynamic 3D Printing of Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Reizabal Ander , Tandon Biranche , Lanceros‐Méndez Senentxu , Dalton Paul D.
Published: December 2022

Among the various electrohydrodynamic (EHD) processing techniques, electrowriting (EW) produces the most complex 3D structures. Aqueous solution EW similarly retains the potential for additive manufacturing well‐resolved 3D structures, while providing new opportunities for processing biologically derived polymers and eschewing organic solvents. However, research on aqueous‐based EHD processing is still limited. To summarize the field and advocate for increased use of aqueous bio‐based materials, this review summarizes the most significant contributions of aqueous solution processing. Special emphasis has been placed on understanding the effects of different printing parameters, the prospects for 3D processing new materials, and future challenges.
Realistic Multidimensional Optoelectrical Modeling Guide for Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide Solar Cells
Authors: Lucaßen Jan , Sedaghat Setareh , Schmid Martina
Published: December 2022

Herein, an optoelectrical model is presented for copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGSe) solar cells in COMSOL Multiphysics, capable of multidimensional simulations, and it is applied to ultrathin (500 nm absorber thickness) solar cells. First, the modeling approach is shown. Special attention is paid to back contact materials, interface states, and defect application and their impact on the current–voltage (J–V) characteristics. To address whether the back contact is Schottky or Ohmic, the influence of the Schottky barrier height, recombination velocity, and interface states is shown. Then, the additional application of an acceptor defect gradient at the absorber back and a donor defect density distribution at the p–n junction is investigated. The results of these parameter adjustments are discussed, and the trends are shown to enable fast fitting of experimental J–V curves. Finally, the results are compared to the experimental J–V curves for indium tin oxide and Mo back contact, and challenges encountered are discussed while fitting. The optoelectrical model for CIGSe solar cells, established in two dimensions here, paves the way for comprehensively describing 2D and 3D solar cell structures, e.g., nanotextured or microsolar cells, as well as for considering different absorber thicknesses.
On the Sensitivity of a Tool–Workpiece Thermocouple to Chemical Composition and Microstructure
Authors: Tröber Philipp , Hackl Alfred , Leitner Harald , Welm Markus , Demmel Peter , Golle Matthias , Volk Wolfram
Published: December 2022

Meeting the increasing demands on part quality and profitability of manufacturing processes despite difficult‐to‐machine materials is only possible with a deep understanding of the process. Herein, knowledge about the process temperature is of critical importance since it affects the material properties, such as hardness or forming behavior, as well as the chemical and physical interactions between the tool, workpiece, and lubricant. A proven thermoelectric method of temperature measurement in machining, forming, and blanking is a tool–workpiece thermocouple. Herein, instantaneous measurement of the temperature development is allowed in this setup during the manufacturing process in situ at the contact area of the tool and workpiece. The accuracy of this method is dependent on the calibration of the thermocouple, for which the Seebeck coefficients of the tool and workpiece material have to be determined. Usually, material samples from different batches are used for this purpose, although the resulting measurement errors due to slight changes in material properties are hardly known. The effects of small changes in the chemical composition and the transformation of the crystal lattice due to hardening on the Seebeck coefficient are investigated for the first time to allow precise quantification of the measurement error resulting from the calibration process.
Wear Behavior of Roller‐Burnished High Interstitial Austenitic Stainless Steel Parts in Glass‐Reinforced Plastic Melt
Authors: Forke Erik , Niederhofer Philipp , Albrecht Mirko , Kräusel Verena , Gehde Michael
Published: December 2022

Herein this investigation, profiled high interstitial austenitic stainless steel parts are burnished on a profile‐rolling machine, and afterward, the wear behavior is analyzed in a melt of glass‐reinforced polypropylene. Wear and corrosion resistance are significant properties of steel parts in the plastics and food industries. The high work‐hardening ability of high interstitial austenitic stainless steel enables burnishing parts with a significant local hardness to increase up to maximum values of ≈600 HV 1. Wear tests on a recently developed test stand reveal that the burnished austenitic stainless steel surface performs similarly to a nitrided surface of the standard nitriding steel 31CrMoV9 + QT with a hardness of ≈830 HV 0.5. Regarding the given advantage of corrosion resistance, it is concluded that roller burnishing supports the applicability of high interstitial austenitic stainless steel in plastics and food industries.
A Novel Prediction Method for Blast Furnace Gas Utilization Rate Based on Dynamic Weighted Stacked Output‐Relevant Autoencoder
Authors: Jiang Zhaohui , Zhu Jicheng , Pan Dong , Yu Haoyang , Zhou Ke , Gui Weihua
Published: December 2022

In the blast furnace (BF) ironmaking process, the gas utilization rate (GUR) is a crucial indicator for reflecting the energy consumption and operating status of BF. However, due to the complex and harsh environment in the BF top, accurately obtaining GUR online is not an effortless task. Although many studies have been carried out to predict GUR through data‐driven methods, some challenges still exist: 1) limited feature extraction capability for complex data patterns; 2) prediction accuracy is sensitive to the fluctuation of BF working conditions. Therefore, a novel deep learning method is proposed based on dynamic weighted stacked output‐relevant autoencoder (DW‐SOAE) for GUR online prediction. First, the input layer variables for each AE are weighted according to their importance, which will reduce output‐unrelated features. Then, the output variable is also reconstructed at the output layer of each AE, which ensures extracted features can largely predict GUR. Next, considering that the fluctuation of BF working conditions may affect prediction accuracy, the density peak clustering algorithm is used to cluster the process variables, and several DW‐SOAE‐based submodels are built for GUR prediction. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed GUR prediction method are verified in industrial experiments.
Effects of Electric Current Pulse Treatment on Phosphide Precipitation Behavior in 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Jia Danbin , Zhong Liangcai , Yu Jingkun , Liu Zhaoyang , Yuan Lei , Tian Chen , Zhou Yuting , Wang Xinli
Published: December 2022

The precipitation behavior of phosphides in melting and solidification of 304 stainless steel under treatment using an electric current pulse (ECP) is studied. The composition and crystal structure of phosphides are confirmed and analyzed via scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the phosphides are composed of Cr, Mn, S, and P in the sample that is quenched at 1773 K without ECP treatment. From the high‐resolution TEM images and selected area electron diffraction, the crystal lattice structure of phosphides is the same as that of Cr3P. Mn and S replace some of the Cr and P in the Cr3P lattice because of the replacement solution. Phosphides are hardly detected in the samples that are treated using ECP. ECP treatment inhibits the formation of Cr3P. Phosphide is mainly presented in the form of CrP4 in the samples that are quenched at 1583 K, which contain a large number of nanoaustenite grains. Meanwhile, ECP treatment inhibits the growth of phosphides because of differences in the conductivity between molten steel and phosphides during solidification. The size of phosphides decreases with an increase in current density.
Effect of Microstructural Anisotropy on Fracture Toughness of Selective‐Laser‐Melted 15‐5 PH Stainless Steel
Authors: He Ke , Lv Binghua , Niu Xiaodong , Mao Zhongfa , Zhang Lujie , Rao Heng , Cao Sheng
Published: December 2022

Herein, the influence of microstructure anisotropy on fracture toughness of selective laser melting‐fabricated and directly aged 15‐5 PH stainless steel is investigated. A bimodal columnar (within the melt pool) and equiaxed (at the melt pool boundary) microstructure forms on the vertical plane, which results in a higher yield strength in the horizontal direction than the vertical direction. For fracture toughness, the value is 10% higher in the specimen with the crack propagation perpendicular to the build direction than parallel to the build direction. The main cause for such an anisotropic fracture toughness is related to the circuitous crack path along the melt pool boundary when the crack propagation is perpendicular to the build direction.
A new approach for the computation of design shear force in reinforced concrete walls subjected to seismic loads
Authors: Seckin Aytug , Doran Bilge
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the dynamic shear amplification in reinforced concrete shear walls designed according to the seismic provisions of the current Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBEC‐2018). Shear walls with a high ductility level and different aspect ratios are examined to evaluate the design shear force calculated by using the dynamic amplification factor (βv) and overstrength factor (D) defined in TBEC‐2018. For this purpose, response spectrum analyses (RSAs) are first carried out on two‐dimensional cantilever shear walls with heights of 30, 45, and 60 m and with lengths of 1.5, 3, and 4.5 m in the plan. Then, a total of 198 nonlinear time history analyses (NLTHAs) are performed with real and simulated ground motions matched to the elastic design spectrum defined in TBEC‐2018. The comparison of the design shear forces obtained from RSA and the shear demands obtained from NLTHA along the heights of the walls reveals that the design shear forces calculated according to TBEC‐2018 may underestimate the actual shear demands from studied ground motions. Moreover, the applicability of the updates proposed to TBEC‐2018 for the design shear force and shear force diagram along the wall height in reinforced concrete shear wall‐frame systems to cantilever shear walls is also examined.
Phylogenetic position and reinstatement ofGayella(Sapotaceae), a monotypic genus endemic to Chile with an Eocene origin in continental Australia
Authors: Swenson Ulf , Nylinder Stephan , Marticorena Alicia , Thulin Mats , Lepschi Brendan
Published: December 2022

Pouteria splendensis the only native species of Sapotaceae in Chile, a species once placed in the monotypic genusGayellaand known asG. valparadisaea, but for a long time treated as aPouteria. In a phylogenetic analysis, this species was placed in an Australasian clade, not with its presumed relatives in South America. We used Bayesian inference under a relaxed molecular clock in BEAST, nuclear ribosomal DNA (ETS, ITS), the nuclear geneRPB2, indel information, and 201 terminals to find the closest relative ofP. splendensand to estimate the age of the disjunction between Australasia and South America. The taxon has an isolated phylogenetic position, being part of the cladeʼs backbone, and is placed with weak support as sister toVan‐royena, another monotypic genus, but endemic to Australia. Our results justify reinstatement ofGayellawith its single speciesG. valparadisaea.Gayellahas a unique combination of morphological features including alternate, opposite or 3‐whorled leaves, often on the same plant, a usually 6‐lobed, rotate corolla with revolute corolla lobes giving the flower a star‐like appearance, lacerate to dentate staminodes, and yellow‐orange‐red fruit with plano‐convex cotyledons and an exserted radicle below the cotyledon commissure. The split betweenGayellaandVan‐royenais estimated to the late Eocene at about 40.0 Ma (50.5–25.3 Ma). The hypothesis that the presence ofGayellain South America is a result of vicariance is consistent with the timing of the geological splits of southern Gondwana, as well as with evidence from fossil pollen, but long‐distance dispersal is an alternative explanation that cannot be excluded.Gayellais restricted to an area with a Mediterranean‐type climate in coastal central Chile, where it occurs in rocky places, ravines, and gullies, usually below 100 m altitude within reach of sea mist.Gayella valparadisaeais a rare plant, listed as Endangered (EN) in Chile, but it does not occur in any protected area. Considering the isolated phylogenetic position of this old lineage, we urge the Chilean authorities to increase the efforts towards protection of this species.
Harnessing underutilized gene bank diversity and genomic prediction of cross usefulness to enhance resistance to Phytophthora cactorum in strawberry
Authors: Jiménez Nicolás P. , Feldmann Mitchell J. , Famula Randi A. , Pincot Dominique D. A. , Bjornson Marta , Cole Glenn S. , Knapp Steven J.
Published: December 2022

The development of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) cultivars resistant to Phytophthora crown rot (PhCR), a devastating disease caused by the soil‐borne pathogen Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert & Cohn) J. Schröt., has been challenging partly because the resistance phenotypes are quantitative and only moderately heritable. To develop deeper insights into the genetics of resistance and build the foundation for applying genomic selection, a genetically diverse training population was screened for resistance to California isolates of the pathogen. Here we show that genetic gains in breeding for resistance to PhCR have been negligible (3% of the cultivars tested were highly resistant and none surpassed early 20th century cultivars). Narrow‐sense genomic heritability for PhCR resistance ranged from 0.41 to 0.75 among training population individuals. Using multivariate genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), we identified a large‐effect locus (predicted to be RPc2) that explained 43.6–51.6% of the genetic variance, was necessary but not sufficient for resistance, and was associated with calcium channel and other candidate genes with known plant defense functions. The addition of underutilized gene bank resources to our training population doubled additive genetic variance, increased the accuracy of genomic selection, and enabled the discovery of individuals carrying favorable alleles that are either rare or not present in modern cultivars. The incorporation of an RPc2‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as a fixed effect increased genomic prediction accuracy from 0.40 to 0.55. Finally, we show that parent selection using genomic‐estimated breeding values, genetic variances, and cross usefulness holds promise for enhancing resistance to PhCR in strawberry.
Making Mistakes: Children's Errors as Opportunities for Emergent Literacy Learning in Early Childhood
Authors: Gabas Clariebelle , Cutler Laura , Schachter Rachel E.
Published: December 2022

Errors are essential for emergent literacy learning because they reveal the gaps in young children's knowledge. The ways in which teachers respond to these errors can have important implications for children's knowledge building; yet, there is limited information for teachers about how to effectively respond to children's errors in emergent literacy contexts. In this article, we describe a framework grounded in research and theory for responding to children's errors. We describe a two‐step process for acknowledging and responding to children's errors along with specific error‐handling practices, and illustrate the application of this framework using real‐world, data‐driven examples. We also provide recommendations for creating a classroom environment that challenges children, builds their confidence as learners, and welcomes their errors. This article will equip teachers with practical guidance for leveraging preschool‐age (i.e., 3–5 years) children's errors as opportunities for enhancing emergent literacy learning.
Vibration suppression of thick plates with attached piezoelectric patches using 1D Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) based finite element models
Authors: Nadi Azin , Mahzoon Mojtaba , Azadi Yazdi Ehsan
Published: December 2022

The first six vibration modes of a thick plate with 10 piezoelectric sensor‐actuator pairs are suppressed using advanced beam elements based on the one‐dimensional Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). A three‐dimensional model is developed by combining one‐dimensional beam elements with two‐dimensional Lagrange expansions in this paper. For the reduction of vibration of a thick cantilever plate, a PIDF type control is designed and tuned. Based on the results of the simulation, it can be concluded that the simulation of thick plate models with impulse inputs is efficient as well after model order reduction.
Archiving the Trauma of Internment Camps in Film: Jacqueline Veuve’s Journal de Rivesaltes, 1941–1942 (1997)
Authors: Edgar Brenda Lynn
Published: December 2022

In 1997, independent Swiss filmmaker and anthropologist Jaqeuline Veuve (1930–2013) released her documentaryJournal de Rivesaltes, 1941–1942based on the journal kept by Friedel Bohny-Reiter (1912–2001) while working as a nurse for the Swiss Red Cross/Aid to Children at the Rivesaltes internment camp in southwest France. This chapter will show how Veuve’s film brought public attention to hitherto unknown women humanitarians and contributed to shaping a new understanding of Switzerland’s role in the Second World War. It will also examine the film as a performance of both the trauma of others in the past and that of the public facing this history in the late 1990s, thus constituting an important source for the history of emotions.
Inter-State Diplomacy Within the OSCE Permanent Council
Authors: Schade Daniel
Published: December 2022

This chapter considers the work of the OSCE Permanent Council as the OSCE’s central body for decision-making and diplomatic interaction. It is particularly interested in the types of alliance behaviour present and how this affects the OSCE’s ability to perform its duties successfully. The chapter highlights the prevalence of collective activity by the EU’s member states and numerous regular partners, and the near absence of organized collective activity by other groups of states. It then discusses how these existing cooperation patterns hamper the OSCE’s ability to successfully mediate conflicts such as that between Russia and Ukraine.
Women’s Transformative Power in the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
Authors: Ditel Claudia
Published: December 2022

A protracted ethnic conflict generates strongly nationalist and exclusive rhetoric through the processes of dehumanizing and othering externally, and promotion of militarism and patriarchy internally. Drawing from theories of gender and conflict studies, this chapter illustrates how, in Armenia and Azerbaijan, some women oppose an inclusive culture of peace in favour of nationalist and dehumanizing discourses. Evidence from the two countries suggest that grassroots and community-driven approaches to peacebuilding can constitute confidence-building measures that transform the paradigm of “women as victims” into “women as agents of change.”
The Belt and Road Initiative and Sustainable Urban Development in Central Asia
Authors: Dankov Artem
Published: December 2022

Against the background of the expansion of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), this chapter analyses the phenomenon of urbanisation in Central Asia and its political and social implications. The main argument is that major cities have emerged as important economic and political centres, but that these also are focal points for ethnic and social conflict which threatens regime stability. While the BRI contributes to sustainable urban development, it has so far done little to attenuate the problematic political and social consequences of urbanisation.
Opportunities and Risks from the Belt and Road Initiative in Ukraine
Authors: Poita Yurii
Published: December 2022

This study attempts to reveal the specifics of political, economic, and defence relations between Ukraine and China within the framework of the BRI in terms of opportunities and risks for Ukraine. The article argues that, despite a number of opportunities, the BRI will not bring economic or technological development to Ukraine, nor will it bring security, including in the conflict with Russia. At the same time, the intensification of relations between Ukraine and China may create a number of geopolitical, technological, and informational challenges for Ukraine. In addition, there may be risks associated with the indirect impact of the BRI on democracy in Ukraine, some signs of which are already being observed.
The OSCE ODIHR and Regional Organisations as Norm Entrepreneurs: The Case of Post-pandemic Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Anghelescu Ana-Maria , Dzardanova Svetlana
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the illiberal trends already witnessed by experts and civil society in the OSCE region through increased corruption and lack of transparency in emergency response, as well as through abuses in terms of human rights and restricting civic participation. Building upon the existing literature on protective integration (Alexander Libman) and virtual regionalism (Roy Allison) in Central Asia, which argues that authoritarian leaders pursue various forms of regional cooperation in order to ensure regime survival, we intend to assess the place of the OSCE among the other regional organisations in which the Central Asian states are currently participating, as well as to evaluate how the OSCE Human Dimension has been transformed over the past few years. In this chapter, we intend to discuss the impact of the public health crisis on the democratic normative agenda. In this sense, we aim to analyse the OSCE-ODIHR Human Dimension agenda in Central Asia, specifically in Kyrgyzstan, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the capacity of the OSCE to determine the respect for democratic standards in a contested area where multiple norm entrepreneurs are active.