bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The elastic undrained modulus Eu50 for stiff consolidated clays related to the concept of stress history and normalized soil properties
Authors: Stróżyk Joanna , Tankiewicz Matylda
Published: November 2016

The paper presents the results of a triaxial test conducted on stiff, consolidated clays. The standard TXCIU procedure (isotropic consolidation and undrained shearing) was applied in the laboratory soil tests. The undrained elastic modulus Eu50 was determined from each test.

The Eu50 values were determined for soil samples cut out from different depths and tested under different confining pressures. There was a significant scatter of values with depth, and no relationships between Eu50 modules or other geotechnical parameters (e.g., cu) were observed.

This work presents the concept of normalization of Eu50 modulus values using modified normalization SHANSEP (Stress History And Normalized Soil Engineering Properties). This method was first proposed for estimating the value of the undrained shear strength cu normalizing the parameter relative to the in situ effective vertical stress σ′vo and loading history (overconsolidation stress σ′p and overconsolidation ratio OCR) of the soil.

The study demonstrated that the concept of normalization of soil properties can also be used for testing elastic modulus Eu50 of consolidated natural clays and normalized values of geotechnical parameters taking into account the state of stress and load history can be correlated with the value of the overburden pressure.
Using movies in family medicine teaching: A reference to EURACT Educational Agenda
Authors: Klemenc Ketiš Zalika , Švab Igor
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Cinemeducation is a teaching method where popular movies or movie clips are used. We aimed to determine whether family physicians’ competencies as listed in the Educational Agenda produced by the European Academy of Teachers in General Practice/Family Medicine (EURACT) can be found in movies, and to propose a template for teaching by these movies.

Methods

A group of family medicine teachers provided a list of movies that they would use in cinemeducation. The movies were categorised according to the key family medicine competencies, thus creating a framework of competences, covered by different movies. These key competencies are Primary care management, Personcentred care, Specific problem-solving skills, Comprehensive approach, Community orientation, and Holistic approach.

Results

The list consisted of 17 movies. Nine covered primary care management. Person-centred care was covered in 13 movies. Eight movies covered specific problem-solving skills. Comprehensive approach was covered in five movies. Five movies covered community orientation. Holistic approach was covered in five movies.

Conclusions

All key family medicine competencies listed in the Educational Agenda can be taught using movies. Our results can serve as a template for teachers on how to use any appropriate movies in family medicine education.
Evaluation of national food and nutrition policy in Albania
Authors: Mersini Ehadu , Hyska Jolanda , Burazeri Genc
Published: November 2016

Introduction

The paper aims to describe the progress that has been made in the implementation of the Albanian food and nutrition policy since 2003, so as to consider its impacts to date, and to identify strategic priorities/critical areas and priorities for Albania’s future policy on improving the national food and nutrition situation.

Methods

In 2011-2012, an expert group applied an intersectoral participatory approach to evaluate the implementation of Food and Nutrition Action Plan 2003-08 in Albania. The experts employed the quantitative method, using a 9 question logical assessment matrix to measure the achievements of the individual goals of the Plan, and a qualitative tool for the interview of an interdisciplinary sample of 68-key informants-persons operating in public health nutrition, food safety and food availability related subfields, from a wide range of pertinent institutions and stakeholders.

Results

The quantitative and qualitative assessment revealed that the implementation process has faced serious barriers linked to the design of the plan, which did not accurately anticipate a theoretical framework, or structured methods for its implementation. Other impeding factors included the lack of institutional/infrastructure support, lack of intersectoral coordination and motivation, as well as insufficient capacities and know-how. Intersectoral response to the multifaceted nature of double burden of malnutrition is of key importance to improve nutritional wellbeing and health outcomes in Albania.

Conclusions

Participatory approaches that involve all relevant sectors and actors in the development, monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of public health policies based on comprehensive action-oriented assessments are promising and should be further supported.
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Combat Among Different Categories: Time-Motion and Physiology. A Systematic Review
Authors: Andreato Leonardo Vidal , Follmer Bruno , Celidonio Carolina Leal , Honorato Anderson da Silva
Published: November 2016

THIS STUDY AIMED TO SYNTHESIZE FINDINGS CONCERNING TIME-MOTION ANALYSIS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, AND PERFORMANCE AND PERCEPTUAL EXERTION IN BRAZILIAN JIU-JITSU COMBATS. THE EFFORT/PAUSE RATIO DURING MATCHES WAS 6:1 TO 13:1, WITH EFFORT PERIODS OF 85–290 SECONDS AND PAUSES OF 5–44 SECONDS. POSTMATCH LACTATE CONCENTRATION (∼10 MMOL/L) INDICATES MODERATE-TO-HIGH GLYCOLYTIC PATHWAY ACTIVATION. COMBATS TEND TO GENERATE CELL DAMAGE, MAINLY AFTER SUCCESSIVE BOUTS. RESULTS OF LOWER LIMB PERFORMANCE DIFFER AMONG STUDIES; HOWEVER, HANDGRIP STRENGTH IS REDUCED AFTER MATCHES. COMBATS ARE CLASSIFIED AS “HARD,” ALTHOUGH FOREARMS, FINGERS, WRIST, AND BICEPS BRACHII ARE THE MOST REPORTED FATIGUE AREAS.
CMKLR1 activation ex vivo does not increase proportionally to serum total chemerin in obese humans
Authors: Toulany Jay , Parlee Sebastian D , Sinal Christopher J , Slayter Kathryn , McNeil Shelly , Goralski Kerry B
Published: November 2016

Prochemerin is the inactive precursor of the adipokine chemerin. Proteolytic processing is obligatory for the conversion of prochemerin into active chemerin and subsequent regulation of cellular processes via the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). Elevated plasma or serum chemerin concentrations and differential processing of prochemerin have been reported in obese humans. The impact of these changes on CMKLR1 signalling in humans is unknown. The objective of this pilot study was to develop a cellular bioassay to measure CMKLR1 activation by chemerin present in human serum and to characterise how obesity modifies serum activation of CMKLR1 under fasted and fed conditions. Blood samples were collected from control (N = 4, BMI 20–25) and obese (N = 4, BMI >30) female subjects after an overnight fast (n = 2) and at regular intervals (n = 7) following consumption of breakfast over a period of 6 h. A cellular CMKLR1-luminescent reporter assay and a pan-chemerin ELISA were used to determine CMKLR1 activation and total chemerin concentrations, respectively. Serum total chemerin concentration (averaged across all samples) was higher in obese vs control subjects (17.9 ± 1.8 vs 10.9 ± 0.5 nM, P < 0.05), but serum activation of CMKLR1 was similar in both groups. The CMKLR1 activation/total chemerin ratio was lower in obese vs control subjects (0.33 ± 0.04 vs 0.58 ± 0.05, P < 0.05). After breakfast, serum total chemerin or CMKLR1 activation did not differ from baseline values. In conclusion, the unexpected observation that obese serum activation of CMKLR1 did not match increased total chemerin concentrations suggests impaired processing to and/or enhanced degradation of active chemerin in serum of obese humans.
Anestesia raquídea versus anestesia intrarticular en cirugía artroscópica de rodilla. [Spinal anesthesia versus intra-articular anesthesia in arthroscopic surgery of the knee.]
Authors: Marangoni Lucas Daniel , Giacossa Roxana , Malvarez Alejandro , Bitar Ivan , Bustos Damian , Galera Horacio , Bertiche Pablo
Published: November 2016

Introducción: La artroscopia de rodilla es el procedimiento quirúrgico más común para tratar pacientes con lesiones meniscales y/o condrales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la eficacia de la anestesia raquídea vs la intraarticular en  artroscopias simples de rodilla, evaluar la calidad de la anestesia, describir la incidencia de los efectos adversos y determinar complicaciones en ambos casos.

Material y Métodos: Estudio Nivel de evidencia I, prospectivo, randomizado, en el cuál se comparó dos procedimientos anestésicos evaluando, edad, tiempo de cirugía, tiempo de duración de la anestesia, tiempo de internación, dolor (EVA), conformidad con el procedimiento y costos. Se utilizó el test de Student para la realización de las estadísticas y probabilidades. Nivel de significación: p < 0,05.
 

Resultados: Setenta pacientes se incluyeron en el estudio, 35 fueron operados con anestesia intraarticular, y el mismo número de pacientes con anestesia raquídea. El tiempo de internación fue mayor en el grupo de anestesia raquídea 7,34 horas (rango 4 a 11). Mientras que en el grupo de anestesia  intraarticular el promedio de estadía hospitalaria fue de 3,43 horas (rango 2 a 5), dando una p = menor a 0,0001. En la variable costo hubo una diferencia significativa a favor de la anestesia intraarticular con respecto a la anestesia raquídea con un valor de p menor a 0,0001.

 

Discusión Conclusión: Las  ventajas encontradas a favor de la anestesia intraarticular fueron: Estadías hospitalarias acortadas, se evitaron efectos indeseables de la anestesia raquídea: bloqueo motor, nauseas, vómitos, hipotensión, pérdida transitoria de esfínter urinario y retención urinaria (globo vesical). Disminución de los costos y mayor aceptación de los pacientes.
Avulsión de la espina ilíaca anterosuperior (EIAS)
Authors: Lencina Omar
Published: November 2016

Avulsión de la espina ilíaca anterosuperior (EIAS)
Should Neonatologists Give Opinions Withdrawing Life-sustaining Treatment?
Authors: Blumenthal-Barby J.S. , Loftis Laura , Cummings Christy L. , Meadow William , Lemmon Monica , Ubel Peter A. , McCullough Laurence , Rao Emily , Lantos John D.
Published: November 2016

An infant has a massive intracranial hemorrhage. She is neurologically devastated and ventilator-dependent. The prognosis for pulmonary or neurologic recovery is bleak. The physicians and parents face a choice: withdraw the ventilator and allow her to die or perform a tracheotomy? The parents cling to hope for recovery. The physician must decide how blunt to be in communicating his own opinions and recommendations. Should the physician try to give just the facts? Or should he also make a recommendation based on his own values? In this article, experts in neonatology, decision-making, and bioethics discuss this situation and the choice that the physician faces.
Weight Change Nomograms for the First Month After Birth
Authors: Paul Ian M. , Schaefer Eric W. , Miller Jennifer R. , Kuzniewicz Michael W. , Li Sherian X. , Walsh Eileen M. , Flaherman Valerie J.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Clinicians expect newborns to surpass birth weight by age 10 to 14 days, yet few studies have examined the natural history of weight change in the weeks after birth. We sought to determine the distribution of weight loss and subsequent regain during the first month, the proportion not surpassing birth weight by 14 and 21 days, and whether findings differed by delivery mode.

METHODS:

For 161 471 singleton neonates delivered at ≥36 weeks’ gestation at Kaiser Permanente Northern California Medical Centers between 2009 and 2013 and weighing 2000 to 5000 g at birth, we extracted daily weights from inpatient electronic records and weights from outpatient visits in the first month. Quantile regression appropriate for repeated measures was used to estimate percentiles of weight change as a function of time after birth, stratified by delivery mode.

RESULTS:

After exclusions, weight data were analyzed from 143 889 newborns (76% born vaginally). Based on percentile estimates, 50% of newborns were at or above birth weight at 9 and 10 days after vaginal and cesarean delivery, respectively. Among those delivered vaginally, 14% and 5% were not back to birth weight by 14 and 21 days, respectively. For those delivered by cesarean, 24% and 8% were not back to birth weight by 14 and 21 days, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

It is not uncommon for newborns to be below birth weight 10 to 14 days after delivery. A larger percentage of newborns delivered by cesarean had yet to regain birth weight at every time point through 1 month.
Ladaria, Luis F. A trindade: mistério de comunhão. Trad. Alda da Anunciação Machado, São Paulo: Loyola, 2009. 238 p.
Authors: Gomes Tiago De Fraga
Published: November 2016

L. Ladaria não almeja ser exaustivo em relação aos problemas teológicos acerca do Deus uno e trino, configurando seu estudo a partir de temas fragmentários. O ponto de partida é o axioma rahneriano das relações entre a Trindade econômica e a Trindade imanente, a partir do qual se percebe que é somente desde a economia da salvação que podemos nos adentrar no que Deus é em si mesmo. Não é simplesmente casual o fato de que Deus se comporta conosco de modo trinitário.
Laudato si’ e a dignidade da vida
Authors: Da Silva Cássio Murilo Dias
Published: November 2016

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A 7 és 15 éves vak gyermekek emlékezeti, nyelvi és téri feldolgozás mutatói
Authors: Pajor Emese , Beke Anna Mária , Csépe Valéria
Published: November 2016

A látássérült populáció kognitív vizsgálata mérésmetodikai problémák miatt nehézségbe ütközik. Ez kifejezetten érvényes a vak gyermekek mérésére. Tanulmányunk célja a korábban és jelenleg is használt populációspecifikus tesztbattériák bemutatása, majd az általunk kialakított és pszichometriai elemzésnek alávetett feladatsor használatával felmért 7–15 éves teljes magyar ép értelmű vak populáció és illesztett látó kontrollcsoport kognitív profiljának elemzése. A feladatok megválasztási szempontjainál mérlegelésre kerültek a jelenlegi intelligenciakutatások által megerősített főbb dimenziók, az alkalmazhatóság és a tesztek elérhetősége. A kiválasztott vagy kialakított feladatok magját a NEPSY®-I és a WISC-IV tesztek elméleti és gyakorlati tapasztalatai adták. Eredményeink közül kiemelendő, hogy a vak csoport a téri feldolgozás területén nagymértékű elmaradást mutat a látó kontrollhoz képest. A látó mintában a koraszülött gyermekek a téri feladatok esetén rosszabbul teljesítenek időre született társaikhoz képest. A vak és a látó csoportok a munkamemória feladatok közül csak a Magyar Álszóismétlési Teszt (Racsmány és mtsai, 2005) esetén mutattak szignifikáns különbséget, továbbá, a két csoport eredménye a fonéma fluenciát mérő feladatban tért el egymástól. Eredményeink alapján elmondható, hogy a vakság nagymértékben befolyásolja a téri tájékozódást, azonban a verbális munkamemóriát és a nyelvi funkciókat kevésbé.
Teknik Pemekatan, Purifikasi dan Karakterisasi Protein Rekombinan
Authors: Noviendri Dedi , SG Sugiyono
Published: November 2016

Teknik Pemekatan, Purifikasi dan Karakterisasi Protein Rekombinan
TEKNOLOGI PENANGANAN DAN PENYIMPANAN IKAN TUNA SEGAR DI ATAS KAPAL
Authors: Irianto Hari Eko
Published: November 2016

Indonesia merupakan negara produsen ikan tuna terbesar kelima di dunia. Terdapat  beberapa jenis ikan tuna  yang banyak diperdagangkan di pasar internasional, terutama bluefin tuna, southern bluefin tuna, bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna, albacore, dan skipjack.  Ikan tuna termasuk komoditas yang cepat mengalami proses kemunduran mutu bila tidak disimpan pada suhu rendah dan juga dapat menghasilkan senyawa histamin yang berbahaya bagi manusia yang mengkonsumsinya. Ikan tuna segar bermutu baik dapat diperoleh dengan menerapkan teknik penanganan dan penyimpanan yang benar segera setelah ikan ditangkap. Cara penanganan ikan tuna setelah ditangkap yang sering diterapkan adalah penggancoan, pendaratan ke atas kapal, pematian, perusakan saluran saraf dengan alat Taniguchi, pembuangan darah, pembuangan insang dan isi perut,  pembersihan, serta penyimpanan dingin. Mutu ikan tuna dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor biologis dan non-biologis. Faktor-faktor biologis yang berpengaruh meliputi spesies, umur, ukuran, tingkat kematangan seksual, dan adanya parasit atau penyakit, sedangkan faktor-faktor non-biologis adalah metode penangkapan, teknik penanganan, teknik pendinginan, dan teknik penyimpanan.
Shelf life assessment of fishery product. By: Suryanti and Theresia Dwi Suryaningrum
Authors: Suryanti Suryanti
Published: November 2016

The processing of fishery product is a preservation way to maintain its shelf life. The shelf life offishery product is very crucial, since it is an important source of animal protein which is easilydegraded by microbial activity and enzymatic reaction. Furthermore, fish also contains highunsaturated fatty acid which is easy to oxidize and produce rancid odor. The shelf life prediction offishery product is usually studied using conventional(ESS) and accelerated method (ASLT) Arheniusmodel. The conventional method predicts the shelf life of food product at the normal condition andobserve the parameter of quality degradation until the expired quality is reached. ASLT methodArhenius model predicts the shelf life of food product with accelerate the quality degradationbecause of effect temperature. The conventional method can be applied for wet and semi-wetproducts, such as fish fillet and fish burger, where as Arhenius model can be applied for wet, semiwet and dry products, such as frozen shrimp and dendeng fish.
pathogenic bacteria, fish, DNA molecular, PCR
Authors: Dwiyitno Dwiyitno
Published: November 2016

Food infection and intoxication of fish products are common due to consumption of foodexposed by either pathogenic or toxin promoter bacteria. A number of pathogenic bacteria havebeen identified related to fish and seafood such as Vibrio parahaemolyticusand other Vibrios,Escherichia coli, Aeromonas spp., Salmonellaspp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeriamonocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, C. perfringens, and Shigellaspp. However, isolationand identification of pathogenic bacteria from fish and seafood are often difficult due to the highnumber of contaminating and indigenous bacteria, while numbers of pathogenic bacteria arerelatively low. In the last 3 decades, several molecular methods have been developed and adoptedas official standard to supplement classical method, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and its applications. Besides its limitation, molecular based identification offers advantages asroutine or screening analytical protocol for pathogenic bacteria in fish and seafood products.
EFFECT OF CHOPPING STEP AND DRYING TECHNIQUE ON THE QUALITY OF ALKALI TREATED COTTONII (ATC)
Authors: Wibowo Singgih , Darmawan Muhamad , Hakim Arif Rahman , Marsella Seruni
Published: November 2016

A research related to the production of  alkali treated cottonii (ATC) had been carried out in order to study the effect of chopping step and drying techniques on the quality of ATC produced. Four treatments were applied in the experiment, namely was copping before sun drying (treatment A); chopping after sun drying (B); chopping before mechanical drying (C); and chopping after mechanical drying (D). The quality parameters of ATC measured were gel strength, moisture content, viscosity, yield, and whiteness. The results showed that the quality of ATC was significantly affected by chopping step and drying technique, especially in ATC gel strength, viscosity and yield. However, the effect of chopping step and drying technique was insignificant to ATC moisture content and whiteness. Chopping seaweed before drying resulted in higher gel strength of the ATC but lower in yield, while chopping after drying tended to result in lower gel strength but higher viscosity and yield.
Physicochemical/photophysical characterization and angiogenic properties of Curcuma longa essential oil
Authors: ARAÚJO LILHIAN A. , ARAÚJO RAFAEL G.M. , GOMES FLÁVIA O. , LEMES SUSY R. , ALMEIDA LUCIANE M. , MAIA LAURO J.Q. , GONÇALVES PABLO J. , MRUÉ FÁTIMA , SILVA-JUNIOR NELSON J. , MELO-REIS PAULO R. DE
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the physicochemical and photophysical properties of essential oil of Curcuma longa and its angiogenic potential. The results showed that curcumin is the main fluorescent component present in the oil, although the amount is relatively small. The experimental chorioallantoic membrane model was used to evaluate angiogenic activity, showing a significant increase in the vascular network of Curcuma longa and positive control groups when compared to the neutral and inhibitor controls (P <0.05), but no significant difference was found between Curcuma longa essential oil and the positive control (P >0.05). Histological analysis showed extensive neovascularization, hyperemia and inflammation in the positive control group and Curcuma longa when compared to other controls (P <0.05), characteristic factors of the angiogenesis process. In conclusion, Curcuma longa oil showed considerable proangiogenic activity and could be a potential compound in medical applications.
Preliminary stages of cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of McMaster Family Assessment Device
Authors: Traebert Eliane , Santos Karoliny dos , Carvalho Luciana Müller , Silva Jane da , Traebert Jefferson
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Objective To carry out the preliminary stages of the cross-cultural adaptation of the Family Assessment Device (FAD) to Brazilian Portuguese language and examine its reliability. Methods The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the FAD were developed according to the methods internationally recommended. The resulting product was applied to 80 individuals who completed the questionnaire on two different occasions, seven days apart. Internal consistency was obtained through Cronbach’s alpha, and reliability was estimated by using the Bland and Altman method. Results The internal consistency obtained was very good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.910). The mean differences of FAD dimensions found in the Bland and Altman test were the following: -0.21 (Problem Solving); -0.32 (Communication); -0.17 (Roles); 0.2 (Affective Responsiveness); -0.27 (Affective Involvement); -0.08 (Behavior Control); -0.02 (General Functioning). Conclusion The processes of translation and cross-cultural adaptation were successful. Assessment of the structural validity and external construct validity is recommended for the improvement of the Brazilian version.
High rates of relapse in adolescents crack users after inpatient clinic discharge
Authors: Pedroso Rosemeri Siqueira , Guimarães Luciano Santos Pinto , Zanetello Luciana Bohrer , Gonçalves Veralice Maria , Lopes-Rosa Ronaldo , Pianca Thiago , Pechanky Flavio , Kessler Félix Herique Paim
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of the present study was to evaluate 88 adolescent crack users referred to hospitalization and to follow them up after discharge to investigate relapse and factors associated with treatment. Methods Cohort (30 and 90 days after discharge) from a psychiatric hospital and a rehab clinic for treatment for chemical dependency in Porto Alegre between 2011 and 2012. Instruments: Semi-structured interview, conducted to evaluate the sociodemographic profile of the sample and describe the pattern of psychoactive substance use; Crack Use Relapse Scale/CURS; Questionnaire Tracking Users to Crack/QTUC; K-SADS-PL. Results In the first follow-up period (30 days after discharge), 65.9% of participants had relapsed. In the second follow-up period (90 days after discharge), 86.4% of participants had relapsed. Conclusion This is one of the first studies that show the extremely high prevalence of early relapse in adolescent crack users after discharge, questioning the cost/benefit of inpatient treatment for this population. Moreover, these results corroborate studies which suggested, young psychostimulants users might need tailored intensive outpatient treatment with contingency management and other behavioral strategies, in order to increase compliance and reduce drug or crime relapse, but this specific therapeutic modality is still scarce and must be developed in Brazil.
Comparison of power Doppler and thermography for the selection of thyroid nodules in which fine-needle aspiration biopsy is indicated
Authors: Alves Maria Lucia D'Arbo , Gabarra Manoel Henrique Cintra
Published: November 2016

Abstract Objective: To compare two methods-power Doppler and thermography-for the analysis of nodule vascularization and subsequent selection of nodules to be biopsied. Materials and Methods: A total of 510 subjects with thyroid nodules were analyzed by power Doppler and submitted to fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Thirty-seven patients were submitted to nodule excision (29 due to carcinoma or suspected carcinoma and 8 by patient choice). Among those patients, power Doppler had raised the suspicion of malignancy in 39 lesions, compared with 48 for FNAB. Another group, comprising 110 patients, underwent thermography, which raised the suspicion of malignancy in 124 thyroid nodules, as did FNAB. Malignant nodules were excised in all 110 of those patients (95 underwent nodulectomy and 15 underwent thyroidectomy), malignancy being confirmed by intraoperative examination of frozen biopsy samples. Results: In relation to the FNAB findings, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of power Doppler were 95.16%, 23.52%, 96.22%, 16.70%, and 89.51%, respectively, compared with 100%, 58.06%, 87.73%, 100%, and 89.51%, respectively, for thermography. Conclusion: Thermography was more precise than was power Doppler for the selection of thyroid nodules to be biopsied.
Applicability of three-dimensional imaging techniques in fetal medicine
Authors: Werner Júnior Heron , Santos Jorge Lopes dos , Belmonte Simone , Ribeiro Gerson , Daltro Pedro , Gasparetto Emerson Leandro , Marchiori Edson
Published: November 2016

Abstract Objective: To generate physical models of fetuses from images obtained with three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and, occasionally, computed tomography (CT), in order to guide additive manufacturing technology. Materials and Methods: We used 3D-US images of 31 pregnant women, including 5 who were carrying twins. If abnormalities were detected by 3D-US, both MRI and in some cases CT scans were then immediately performed. The images were then exported to a workstation in DICOM format. A single observer performed slice-by-slice manual segmentation using a digital high resolution screen. Virtual 3D models were obtained from software that converts medical images into numerical models. Those models were then generated in physical form through the use of additive manufacturing techniques. Results: Physical models based upon 3D-US, MRI, and CT images were successfully generated. The postnatal appearance of either the aborted fetus or the neonate closely resembled the physical models, particularly in cases of malformations. Conclusion: The combined use of 3D-US, MRI, and CT could help improve our understanding of fetal anatomy. These three screening modalities can be used for educational purposes and as tools to enable parents to visualize their unborn baby. The images can be segmented and then applied, separately or jointly, in order to construct virtual and physical 3D models.
Tomography patterns of lung disease in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Bastos Andréa de Lima , Corrêa Ricardo de Amorim , Ferreira Gilda Aparecida
Published: November 2016

Abstract Currently, lung impairment is the leading factor responsible for the morbidity and mortality associated with systemic sclerosis. Therefore, the recognition of the various tomography patterns becomes decisive in the clinical management of these patients. In high-resolution computed tomography studies, the most common pattern is that of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. However, there are other forms of lung involvement that must also be recognized. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the main changes resulting from pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis and the corresponding radiological findings, considering the current classification of interstitial diseases. We searched the Medline (PubMed), Lilacs, and SciELO databases in order to select articles related to pulmonary changes in systemic sclerosis and published in English between 2000 and 2015. The pulmonary changes seen on computed tomography in systemic sclerosis are varied and are divided into three main categories: interstitial, alveolar, and vascular. Interstitial changes constitute the most common type of pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis. However, alveolar and vascular manifestations must also be recognized and considered in the presence of atypical clinical presentations and inadequate treatment responses.
Intestinal perforation by an ingested foreign body
Authors: Nicolodi Gabriel Cleve , Trippia Cesar Rodrigo , Caboclo Maria Fernanda F. S. , Castro Francisco Gomes de , Miller Wagner Peitl , Lima Raphael Rodrigues de , Tazima Leandro , Geraldo Jamylle
Published: November 2016

Abstract Objective: To identify the computed tomography findings suggestive of intestinal perforation by an ingested foreign body. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of four cases of surgically proven intestinal perforation by a foreign body, comparing the computed tomography findings with those described in the literature. Results: None of the patients reported having ingested a foreign body, all were over 60 years of age, three of the four patients used a dental prosthesis, and all of the foreign bodies were elongated and sharp. In all four patients, there were findings indicative of acute abdomen. None of the foreign bodies were identified on conventional X-rays. The computed tomography findings suggestive of perforation were thickening of the intestinal walls (in all four cases), increased density of mesenteric fat (in all four cases), identification of the foreign body passing through the intestinal wall (in three cases), and gas in the peritoneal cavity (in one case). Conclusion: In cases of foreign body ingestion, intestinal perforation is more common when the foreign body is elongated and sharp. Although patients typically do not report having ingested such foreign bodies, the scenario should be suspected in elderly individuals who use dental prostheses. A computed tomography scan can detect foreign bodies, locate perforations, and guide treatment. The findings that suggest perforation are thickening of the intestinal walls, increased mesenteric fat density, and, less frequently, gas in the peritoneal cavity, often restricted to the point of perforation.
Comparative assessment of the food purchase program and the national school feeding program's impact in Ubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Gomes de , Batalha Mário Otávio , Pettan Kleber Batista
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT: The Food Purchase Program (PAA) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) are the main trading programs of Brazil that promote a connection between the family farm and institutional markets. The case study portrayed in this article aimed to evaluate and compare the socioeconomic impacts generated by the PAA and PNAE among Ubá's family farmers in Minas Gerais. To do this, two tipes of questionnaires were applied to managers and farmers who participate in the programs and obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistic methods and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney). Results showed that the two policies present positive socioeconomic benefits to family farmers, although the PNAE's producers income be higher and the food prices traded in PAA are superior. On the other side, having participated in the PAA and PNAE does not provide extra income arising from entry into new markets, which in theory could be the result of improving the quality of production,and does not promote the reduction in the use of fertilizers and pesticides.
A retrospective study on the diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis in ruminants in Brazil
Authors: Pires Prhiscylla Sadanã , Ecco Roselene , Silva Rodrigo Otávio Silveira , Araújo Marina Rios de , Salvarani Felipe Masiero , Heneine Luíz Guilherme Dias , Oliveira Júnior Carlos Augusto de , Lobato Francisco Carlos Faria
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT: A standardized immunochemistry method for the diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis was applied to 38 formalized tissue samples from ruminants with clinical and post mortem history suggestive of blackleg or gas gangrene. The diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis was confirmed in 37 out of 38 (97.4%) samples tested. Clostridium chauvoei and Clostridium perfringens type A were the most common agents found alone, being detected in ten (26.3%) and six (15.8%) samples, respectively. The other cases showed an association of two or three clostridia, with C. perfringens type A detected in 11 (29%) cases. Based on the findings of the present study, polyvalent vaccines against clostridial infections of animals incorporating C. perfringens would be more adequate for preventative purposes in the endemic areas.
Liver failure following biliopancreatic diversions: a narrative review
Authors: Cazzo Everton , Pareja José Carlos , Chaim Elinton Adami
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Occurrences of liver failure following jejunoileal bypass were extensively reported in the past and were one of the main factors that led to abandonment of this procedure. The newer predominantly malabsorptive procedures called biliopancreatic diversions (BPDs) have also been implicated in several cases of acute and subacute liver failure. The aim here was to review the current available evidence on occurrences of liver failure following BPDs. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review; bariatric surgery service of a public university hospital. METHODS: A review of the literature was conducted through an online search of medical databases. RESULTS: Associations between BPDs and liver failure have only infrequently been reported in the literature. However, they appear to be more than merely anecdotal. The pathophysiological mechanisms remain obscure, but they seem to be related to rapid weight loss, protein malnutrition, deficits of hepatotrophic factors, high circulating levels of free fatty acids and bacterial overgrowth in the bypassed bowel segments. Reversal of the BPD may ameliorate the liver impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Although infrequent, liver failure remains a concern following BPDs. Careful follow-up is required in individuals who undergo any BPD.
Development and evaluation of accessories to improve the posture of veterinary surgeons in surgical procedures conducted in the field
Authors: Vulcani V.A.S. , Silva L.A.F. , Rabelo R.E. , Silva O.C. , Mendes L.A. , Freitas S.L.R. , Rabbers A.S. , Assis B.M.
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The study was conducted based on the information collected on rural properties in the state of Goiás, during practical classes of Surgical Clinic in Large Animals at the Veterinary Hospital of the Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia of the Universidade Federal de Goiás and during the implementation of outreach projects developed by the institution. An acropostite-phimosis surgical procedure in the bulls in the field was selected, lasting over 30 minutes and requiring movements, posture and strength on the part of the surgeon. Devices were proposed and developed to provide improved comfort and safety to surgeons. The first device was a stool to be used by the professional during the execution of the surgical intervention. The use enabled the surgeon to sit down and rest their feet on the ground, reducing knee bending and distributing the support forces in various muscle groups. For the movement restriction of the surgeon, another accessory was developed to support the foreskin of the animal. Made of wood, this other device serves as a support for keeping the foreskin away from the ground and close to the surgeon. Its length, width and thickness established a good relation with the stool height, providing minimal discomfort to the professional. The third device was designed to assist in the immobilization of the animal and increase safety for the patient and surgical team. A fourth accessory was designed to protect the scapular region and avoid the occurrence of injuries in the radial nerve, myopathies and traumas during the rollover or prolonged stay of the animal in lateral decubitus. The choice of the shape, dimensions and softness of the device was mainly based on the weight of the animal. Such devices have proven to be effective, reducing the time of surgery, making cervical and lumbar movement easier, in addition to providing better support to the surgeon, reducing risks of musculoskeletal diseases.
High resveratrol or quercetin concentrations reduce the oscillation index of frozen goat semen
Authors: Silva E.C.B. , Arruda L.C.P. , Silva S.V. , Souza H.M. , Guerra M.M.P.
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of trans-resveratrol or quercetin on the ability of goat sperm to withstand being frozen. Six pools of semen obtained from six male goats were processed with different concentrations of resveratrol or quercetin (Experiment 1: 0, 15, 25, 50, 75 or 100µM resveratrol; Experiment 2: 0, 15, 25, 50, 75 or 100µM quercetin) and frozen. After thawing, the semen was evaluated for sperm kinematics, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, morphology and oxidative stress following 0 and 1h of incubation. Immediately after thawing (0h), wobble (oscillation index) in the groups treated with 100µM of quercetin or resveratrol was lower (P<0.05) than in those treated with 0 and 25µM resveratrol and 0µM quercetin, respectively. After 1h of incubation, the total motility in treatments with 15, 50 and 75µM quercetin, as well as the plasma membrane integrity in all quercetin concentrations were lower (P<0.05) than at 0h. In opposition, the linearity of semen samples treated with 100µM quercetin and the straightness of those treated with 75 and 100µM quercetin were lower (P<0.05) at 0h than at 1h after thawing. Thus, it can be concluded that resveratrol and quercetin at high concentrations (100µM) transiently reduce the wobble of goat sperm submitted to frozen storage, and that quercetin (75 and 100µM) increases the linearity and straightness over time, which can be favorable for fertility.
Avaliação da depressão miocárdica por meio do feature tracking bidimensional em cadelas com sepse
Authors: Figueiredo V.C. , Muzzi R.A.L. , Pereira C.S. , Mantovani M.M. , Muzzi L.A.L. , Oberlender G. , Júnior A.C.C.L. , Arruda P.M.
Published: November 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo foi analisar a função do ventrículo esquerdo de cadelas que apresentavam sepse ou não e diagnosticar a depressão miocárdica de forma precoce, por meio do feature tracking imaging bidimensional (FTI-2D).Vinte e nove cadelas diagnosticadas com piometra, patologia usada como modelo experimental para sepse, foram avaliadas. Os animais foram submetidos ao exame ecocardiográfico convencional e ao FTI-2D e divididos em três grupos: grupo I (controle), grupo II (piometra sepse) e grupo III (piometra não sepse). Em relação aos parâmetros da ecocardiografia convencional, não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos avaliados. Quanto ao strain radial, os grupos II e III apresentaram função ventricular inferior no momento do diagnóstico (22,805,80 grupo I; 18,455,96 grupo II; 18,719,45 grupo III; P=0,032) e o grupo III manteve essa redução no retorno. Já no strain rate radial, apenas o grupo III obteve função ventricular inferior no momento do diagnóstico (1,900,57 grupo I; 1,910,70 grupo II, 1,570,53 grupo III; P=0,021). Para o strain longitudinal, observou-se função ventricular mais baixa nos grupos II e III no momento do diagnóstico (11,043,38 grupo I; 8,593,97 grupo II; 8,211,99; P=0,048) e após 10 dias de pós-cirúrgico (11,043,38 grupo I; 9,002,16 grupo II; 8,122,27 grupo III; p=0,048). O FTI-2D foi capaz de detectar alterações precoces da função ventricular esquerda, que não foram observadas no exame ecocardiográfico convencional, sugerindo quadro de depressão miocárdica, até mesmo em cadelas com piometra sem quadro clínico evidente de sepse. Assim, essa modalidade pode ser útil no diagnóstico, pois pode detectar alterações cardíacas precoces, possibilitando uma intervenção terapêutica rápida.
Torção esplênica primária em um cão: relato de caso
Authors: Ortiz B.C. , Oliveira C.M. , Teixeira L.G. , Koch M.C. , Muller V.S.
Published: November 2016

RESUMO A torção esplênica isolada ou primária é uma enfermidade de ocorrência rara em cães, caracterizada pela torção do pedículo esplênico, sem que haja outra enfermidade concomitante. Os sinais clínicos e os exames laboratoriais são inespecíficos, porém a ultrassonografia, juntamente com o uso de Doppler colorido, tem sido importante para sugerir o diagnóstico, que é confirmado por meio de laparotomia exploratória. Este estudo relata o caso de um cão da raça Bulldog campeiro, cinco anos de idade, muito ativo, que recebia alimentação apenas uma vez ao dia. Este foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Luterana do Brasil (HV-Ulbra), com histórico de prostração, emagrecimento e anorexia intermitente havia 10 dias. Neste caso relatado, o exame ultrassonográfico com Doppler colorido foi imprescindível para o diagnóstico, que pôde ser confirmado posteriormente pela laparotomia exploratória. Na celiotomia, observou-se o baço aumentado e rotacionado, envolto com o omento, e ambos encontravam-se desvitalizados. Por essa razão, foram realizados os procedimentos de esplenectomia total e omentectomia parcial da porção acometida.
Histopathological findings in lungs of hawksbill turtles collected on the coasts of the states of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Silva M.A. , Jerdy H.L. , Ribeiro R.B. , Medina R.M. , Petronilha M.B.R.G. , Shimoda E. , Werneck M.R. , Andrade J.G. , Carvalho E.C.Q.
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The present work aimed to report the histopathological findings verified in lungs of hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) retrieved from the coasts of the states of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Between the years 2010 and 2014, 29 E. imbricata individuals were found stranded on the coasts, already dead or dying during treatment. Lung samples of all specimens were collected during necropsies, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, subjected to routine histological processing and classified histomorphologically. The findings revealed that 37.93% of the specimens presented lung lesions. Of these, 90.91% were rescued alive and 9.09% were found dead; 63.63% were females and 36.37% were males. The mean weight was 5.44 Kg and the mean length 39 cm, characterizing young individuals. The animals originated from São Francisco de Itabapoana - RJ, Aracruz - ES, São Mateus - ES, Guarapari - ES, Linhares - ES, Itapemirim - ES, and Anchieta - ES. Macroscopic analysis revealed presence of foam, hyperemia, nodules in the parenchyma, cyst and caseous material. Microscopic examination evidenced heterophilic bronchopneumonia, parasitic granulomatous pneumonia caused by spirorchiids, bacterial granulomatous pneumonia, fungal granulomatous pneumonia, and congestion. It was concluded that juvenile specimens of Eretmochelys imbricata, females and males, originated from the states of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro and found stranded both alive or dead, have significant lung lesions, mainly inflammatory ones, associated or not with infectious agents.
Association between maternal lifestyle and preschool nutrition
Authors: Nobre Érica Bezerra , Brentani Alexandra Valéria Maria , Ferraro Alexandre Archanjo
Published: November 2016

Summary Introduction: Many of the health behaviors involved in the emergence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) are originated in childhood under parental influence. Mothers are the ones most involved in the education and health care of children. Lifestyle (LS) is a social determinant of health. Very few studies tried to understand the influence of maternal LS on child nutrition. Objective: To verify the association between maternal behavioral and non-behavioral LS and nutritional aspects in preschool children. Method: From January 2010 to December 2010, we performed a cross-sectional study with 255 mothers of preschool children who were residents of five different sub-districts in southwestern São Paulo. A proportional stratified random sample was selected using two layers (“schools” and “children”). From the mother, sociodemographic and LS information were collected. From the child, data on anthropometry, sedentary behavior and food intake were collected. The association was calculated using chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: Children who ate minimally processed food were born from mothers with more socially aware non-behavioral LS, while children that ate more processed food were born from mothers with more consumerist non-behavioral LS. No association was found between nutritional characteristics of preschoolers and types of maternal behavioral LS. Children presenting “sedentary behavior” and the habit of eating “ultra-processed foods” had 113% and 84% higher chances, respectively, of being born to mothers that belonged to the “consumerist” cluster. Conclusion: Mothers living a consumerist lifestyle can promote negative influences on child nutrition.
The impact of rotavirus vaccination on emergency department visits and hospital admissions for acute diarrhea in children under 5 years
Authors: Paulo Rodrigo Locatelli Pedro , Rodrigues André Broggin Dutra , Machado Beatriz Marcondes , Gilio Alfredo Elias
Published: November 2016

Summary Introduction: Acute diarrheal disease is the second cause of death in children under 5 years. In Brazil, from 2003 to 2009, acute diarrhea was responsible for nearly 100,000 hospital admissions per year and 4% of the deaths in children under 5 years. Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea worldwide. In 2006, the rotavirus monovalent vaccine (RV1) was added to the Brazilian National Immunization Program. Objectives: To analyze the impact of the RV1 on emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions for acute diarrhea. Method: A retrospective ecologic study at the University Hospital, University of São Paulo. The study analyzed the pre-vaccine (2003–2005) and the post-vaccine (2007–2009) periods. We screened the main diagnosis of all ED attendances and hospital admissions of children under 5 years in an electronic registry system database and calculated the rates of ED visits and hospital admissions. The reduction rate was analyzed according to the following formula: reduction (%) = (1 - odds ratio) x 100. Results: The rates of ED visits for acute diarrhea was 85.8 and 80.9 per 1,000 total ED visits in the pre and post vaccination periods, respectively, resulting in 6% reduction (95CI 4 to 9%, p<0.001). The rates of hospital admissions for acute diarrhea was 40.8 per 1,000 in the pre-vaccine period and dropped to 24.9 per 1,000 hospitalizations, resulting in 40% reduction (95CI 22 to 54%, p<0.001). Conclusion: The introduction of the RV1 vaccine resulted in 6% reduction in the ED visits and 40% reduction in hospital admissions for acute diarrhea.