bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying an explainable machine learning model might reduce the number of negative appendectomies in pediatric patients with a high probability of acute appendicitis
Authors: Males Ivan , Boban Zvonimir , Kumric Marko , Vrdoljak Josip , Berkovic Karlotta , Pogorelic Zenon , Bozic Josko
Published: June 2024

The diagnosis of acute appendicitis and concurrent surgery referral is primarily based on clinical presentation, laboratory and radiological imaging. However, utilizing such an approach results in as much as 10–15% of negative appendectomies. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model designed to reduce the number of negative appendectomies in pediatric patients with a high clinical probability of acute appendicitis. The model was developed and validated on a registry of 551 pediatric patients with suspected acute appendicitis that underwent surgical treatment. Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory features were included for model training and analysis. Three machine learning algorithms were tested (random forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, logistic regression) and model explainability was obtained. Random forest model provided the best predictions achieving mean specificity and sensitivity of 0.17 ± 0.01 and 0.997 ± 0.001 for detection of acute appendicitis, respectively. Furthermore, the model outperformed the appendicitis inflammatory response (AIR) score across most sensitivity–specificity combinations. Finally, the random forest model again provided the best predictions for discrimination between complicated appendicitis, and either uncomplicated acute appendicitis or no appendicitis at all, with a joint mean sensitivity of 0.994 ± 0.002 and specificity of 0.129 ± 0.009. In conclusion, the developed ML model might save as much as 17% of patients with a high clinical probability of acute appendicitis from unnecessary surgery, while missing the needed surgery in only 0.3% of cases. Additionally, it showed better diagnostic accuracy than the AIR score, as well as good accuracy in predicting complicated acute appendicitis over uncomplicated and negative cases bundled together. This may be useful in centers that advocate for the conservative treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis. Nevertheless, external validation is needed to support these findings.
RA-Net: reverse attention for generalizing residual learning
Authors: Wang Zhenyuan , Xie Xuemei , Yang Jianxiu , Song Xiaodan
Published: June 2024

Since residual learning was proposed, identity mapping has been widely utilized in various neural networks. The method enables information transfer without any attenuation, which plays a significant role in training deeper networks. However, interference with unhindered transmission also affects the network’s performance. Accordingly, we propose a generalized residual learning architecture called reverse attention (RA), which applies high-level semantic features to supervise low-level information in the identity mapping branch. It means that higher semantic features selectively transmit low-level information to deeper layers. In addition, we propose a Modified Global Response Normalization(M-GRN) to implement reverse attention. RA-Net is derived by embedding M-GRN in the residual learning framework. The experiments show that the RA-Net brings significant improvements over residual networks on typical computer vision tasks. For classification on ImageNet-1K, compared with resnet101, RA-Net improves the Top-1 accuracy by 1.7% with comparable parameters and computational cost. For COCO detection, on Faster R-CNN, reverse attention improves box AP by 1.9%. Meanwhile, reverse attention improves UpperNet’s mIoU by 0.7% on ADE20K segmentation.
Novel technique for the ultra-sensitive detection of hazardous contaminants using an innovative sensor integrated with a bioreactor
Authors: Orzechowska Aleksandra , Czaderna-Lekka Anna , Trtílek Martin , Szymańska Renata , Trela-Makowej Agnieszka , Wątor Katarzyna
Published: June 2024

This study introduces an evaluation methodology tailored for bioreactors, with the aim of assessing the stress experienced by algae due to harmful contaminants released from antifouling (AF) paints. We present an online monitoring system equipped with an ultra-sensitive sensor that conducts non-invasive measurements of algal culture's optical density and physiological stage through chlorophyll fluorescence signals. By coupling the ultra-sensitive sensor with flash-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, we examined the dynamic fluorescence changes in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii when exposed to biocides. Over a 24-h observation period, increasing concentrations of biocides led to a decrease in photosynthetic activity. Notably, a substantial reduction in the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (FV/FM) was observed within the first hour of exposure. Subsequently, we detected a partial recovery in FV/FM; however, this recovery remained 50% lower than that of the controls. Integrating the advanced submersible sensor with fluorescence decay kinetics offered a comprehensive perspective on the dynamic alterations in algal cells under the exposure to biocides released from antifouling coatings. The analysis of fluorescence relaxation kinetics revealed a significant shortening of the fast and middle phases,  along with an increase in the duration of the slow phase, for the coating with the highest levels of biocides. Combining automated culturing and measuring methods, this approach has demonstrated its effectiveness as an ultrasensitive and non-invasive tool for monitoring the physiology of photosynthetic cultures. This is particularly valuable in the context of studying microalgae and their early responses to various environmental conditions, as well as the potential to develop an AF system with minimal harm to the environment.
Dislocation loop and irradiation-induced synergistic-competitive mechanism in Cu-rich precipitates: a phase-field study
Authors: Yang Wenkui , Guo Qingwei , Wang Kaile , Lei Pengya , Hou Hua , Zhao Yuhong
Published: June 2024

Both irradiation and dislocations have been proposed as routes to rationally manipulate spatial distribution and micromorphology of precipitate. An interesting effect emerges in Fe–10at.%Cu–3at.%Mn–1.5at.%Ni–1.5at.%Al alloy due to the synergistic-competitive roles of dislocation loop and irradiation. Base on cascade mixing, vacancy-interstitial atoms and dislocation stress field model, we examine nucleation and growth dynamics of Cu-rich precipitates, where both dislocation loop and irradiation act in conjunction. Analytical treatments identify regimes, where the distribution of elements and point defects due to irradiation and dislocations are specific to the Cu-rich precipitates. Simulation results reveal that density, size and distribution of Cu-rich precipitates are a manifestation of the competing effects of the dislocation loop and the irradiation rate. More specifically, the dislocation loop preferentially assists the formation of precipitates and new dislocations at lower irradiation rates. Only the irradiation induces the formation of Cu-rich precipitates with the irradiation rate continues to increase. Equipped with molecular dynamics, where reproduces major interaction features of the solutes with point defects under displacement cascade, can verify multi-component morphologies of Cu-rich precipitates. This modeling framework provides an avenue to explore the role of dislocation loop and irradiation on the microstructural evolution of Cu-rich precipitates.
Muscle synergies are shared across fundamental subtasks in complex movements of skateboarding
Authors: Kaufmann Paul , Zweier Lorenz , Baca Arnold , Kainz Hans
Published: June 2024

A common theory of motor control posits that movement is controlled by muscle synergies. However, the behavior of these synergies during highly complex movements remains largely unexplored. Skateboarding is a hardly researched sport that requires rapid motor control to perform tricks. The objectives of this study were to investigate three key areas: (i) whether motor complexity differs between skateboard tricks, (ii) the inter-participant variability in synergies, and (iii) whether synergies are shared between different tricks. Electromyography data from eight muscles per leg were collected from seven experienced skateboarders performing three different tricks (Ollie, Kickflip, 360°-flip). Synergies were extracted using non-negative matrix factorization. The number of synergies (NoS) was determined using two criteria based on the total variance accounted for (tVAF > 90% and adding an additional synergy does not increase tVAF > 1%). In summary: (i) NoS and tVAF did not significantly differ between tricks, indicating similar motor complexity. (ii) High inter-participant variability exists across participants, potentially caused by the low number of constraints given to perform the tricks. (iii) Shared synergies were observed in every comparison of two tricks. Furthermore, each participant exhibited at least one synergy vector, which corresponds to the fundamental ‘jumping’ task, that was shared through all three tricks.
Retrospective determination of exposure temperature of standing trees during wildfires with solid-state NMR
Authors: Kutzer Karl , Meincken Martina
Published: June 2024

Timber plantations across the world are suffering from the effects of increasingly frequent wildfires, which potentially degrade the wood of affected trees, depending on the exposure temperature and time. However, it is rather complicated to determine the exact temperature of the fire, or the temperature to which the wood was exposed. This study aimed to determine the exposure temperature of wood retrospectively through solid-state NMR analysis. Models were developed from softwood and hardwood samples exposed to defined temperatures, which successfully linked the NMR signal to the exposure temperature. Various fit equations were developed to link the half-width or peak area of the NMR signal to the exposure temperatures. Hard- and softwoods displayed noticeable differences: a linear function best described the half-width in the higher temperature region for Pine and Eucalyptus, whereas a parabolic function for the peak area of Eucalyptus yielded the best correlation to the entire temperature range. This non-destructive and direct method offers a valuable evaluation method to determine, if wood in burnt trees is degraded and can be processed. An informed choice can be made on the decision to use, or discard burnt wood.
Vegetation greening amplifies shallow soil temperature warming on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Lei , Chen Deliang
Published: June 2024

Vegetation changes are expected to alter soil thermal regimes, consequently modifying climate feedbacks related to frozen ground thawing and carbon cycling in cold regions. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) contains diverse alpine ecosystems and the largest area of frozen ground in low–mid latitude regions. Evidence suggests ongoing vegetation greening and permafrost degradation during the past several decades on the TP. However, the effect of vegetation changes on soil thermal regimes on the TP is not well understood. Here, we quantify the response of shallow soil temperature change to vegetation greening on the TP using remote–sensing data, in–situ observations, and physics–based modelling. Our results show that over the past 20 years, vegetation greening on the TP was accompanied a notable decrease in the area of bare land by approximately 0.7% (5000 km2). Annual mean soil temperature showed a significant warming trend of 0.57 °C decade–1 (p < 0.05) during the period 1983–2019, exceeding the warming rate of surface air temperature. Changes in vegetation resulted in a warming effect on annual shallow soil temperature of 0.15 ± 0.33 °C across the TP during the period 2000–2019. The warming effect varies with frozen soil types: 0.24 ± 0.48 °C in permafrost, 0.18 ± 0.36 °C in seasonally frozen ground, and 0.11 ± 0.32 °C in unfrozen ground. The net warming effect was caused by a decrease in albedo and increase in radiation penetrating the canopy, outweighing the cooling effect related to a limited increase in evapotranspiration.
HeteroTCR: A heterogeneous graph neural network-based method for predicting peptide-TCR interaction
Authors: Yu Zilan , Jiang Mengnan , Lan Xun
Published: June 2024

Identifying interactions between T-cell receptors (TCRs) and immunogenic peptides holds profound implications across diverse research domains and clinical scenarios. Unsupervised clustering models (UCMs) cannot predict peptide-TCR binding directly, while supervised predictive models (SPMs) often face challenges in identifying antigens previously unencountered by the immune system or possessing limited TCR binding repertoires. Therefore, we propose HeteroTCR, an SPM based on Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network (GNN), to accurately predict peptide-TCR binding probabilities. HeteroTCR captures within-type (TCR-TCR or peptide-peptide) similarity information and between-type (peptide-TCR) interaction insights for predictions on unseen peptides and TCRs, surpassing limitations of existing SPMs. Our evaluation shows HeteroTCR outperforms state-of-the-art models on independent datasets. Ablation studies and visual interpretation underscore the Heterogeneous GNN module’s critical role in enhancing HeteroTCR’s performance by capturing pivotal binding process features. We further demonstrate the robustness and reliability of HeteroTCR through validation using single-cell datasets, aligning with the expectation that pMHC-TCR complexes with higher predicted binding probabilities correspond to increased binding fractions.
Tibetan Plateau grasslands might increase sequestration of microbial necromass carbon under future warming
Authors: Zhang Qinwei , Chen Xianke , Zhou Xiaorong , Nie Xin , Liu Guohua , Zhuang Guoqiang , Zheng Guodong , Fortin Danielle , Ma Anzhou
Published: June 2024

Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) can reflect soil carbon (C) sequestration capacity. However, changes in the reserves of MNC in response to warming in alpine grasslands across the Tibetan Plateau are currently unclear. Based on large-scale sampling and published observations, we divided eco-clusters based on dominant phylotypes, calculated their relative abundance, and found that their averaged importance to MNC was higher than most other environmental variables. With a deep learning model based on stacked autoencoder, we proved that using eco-cluster relative abundance as the input variable of the model can accurately predict the overall distribution of MNC under current and warming conditions. It implied that warming could lead to an overall increase in the MNC in grassland topsoil across the Tibetan Plateau, with an average increase of 7.49 mg/g, a 68.3% increase. Collectively, this study concludes that alpine grassland has the tendency to increase soil C sequestration capacity on the Tibetan Plateau under future warming.
Vibration-mediated long-wavelength photolysis of electronegative bonds beyond S0–S1 and S0–T1 transitions
Authors: Araujo Dias Antônio Junio , Muranaka Atsuya , Uchiyama Masanobu , Tanaka Ken , Nagashima Yuki
Published: June 2024

Photolysis is an attractive method in organic synthesis to produce free radicals through direct bond cleavage. However, in this method, specific irradiation wavelengths of light have been considered indispensable for excitation through S0–Sn or S0–Tn transitions. Here we report the photoinduced homolysis of electronegative interelement bonds using light at wavelengths much longer than theoretically and spectroscopically predicted for the S0–Sn or S0–Tn transitions. This long-wavelength photolysis proceeds in N–Cl, N–F, and O–Cl bonds at room temperature under blue, green, and red LED irradiation, initiating diverse radical reactions. Through experimental, spectroscopic, and computational studies, we propose that this “hidden” absorption is accessible via electronic excitations from naturally occurring vibrationally excited ground states to unbonded excited states and is due to the electron-pair repulsion between electronegative atoms.
PARP14 is regulated by the PARP9/DTX3L complex and promotes interferon γ-induced ADP-ribosylation
Authors: Ribeiro Victoria Chaves , Russo Lilian Cristina , Hoch Nícolas Carlos
Published: June 2024

Protein ADP-ribosylation plays important but ill-defined roles in antiviral signalling cascades such as the interferon response. Several viruses of clinical interest, including coronaviruses, express hydrolases that reverse ADP-ribosylation catalysed by host enzymes, suggesting an important role for this modification in host-pathogen interactions. However, which ADP-ribosyltransferases mediate host ADP-ribosylation, what proteins and pathways they target and how these modifications affect viral infection and pathogenesis is currently unclear. Here we show that host ADP-ribosyltransferase activity induced by IFNγ signalling depends on PARP14 catalytic activity and that the PARP9/DTX3L complex is required to uphold PARP14 protein levels via post-translational mechanisms. Both the PARP9/DTX3L complex and PARP14 localise to IFNγ-induced cytoplasmic inclusions containing ADP-ribosylated proteins, and both PARP14 itself and DTX3L are likely targets of PARP14 ADP-ribosylation. We provide evidence that these modifications are hydrolysed by the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3 macrodomain, shedding light on the intricate cross-regulation between IFN-induced ADP-ribosyltransferases and the potential roles of the coronavirus macrodomain in counteracting their activity.
Acemannan coated, cobalt-doped biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles for immunomodulation regulated bone regeneration
Authors: Negi Deepa , Bhavya Kumari , Pal Durba , Singh Yashveer
Published: June 2024

The acemannan coated, cobalt-doped biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles enhances osteogenesis and directs macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype, thus, offering a prohealing microenvironment for bone regeneration.
A stable Pt modified cobalt tungstate catalyst for CO2-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane
Authors: Zhang Yakun , Chen Miao , Wang Wen , Zhang Yi
Published: June 2024

CO2-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation (CO2-ODH) of ethane provides an opportunity to diminish the atmospheric CO2 level and utilize shale gas effectively to produce ethylene.
CoZr nanocomposites in a ceramic–metal AlOx(OH)y/Al matrix with a different Co/Zr ratio and its potential for syngas processing
Authors: Dokuchits Eugene V. , Tikhov Serguei F. , Valeev Konstantin R. , Kardash Tatyana Yu. , Rogov Vladimir A. , Salanov Aleksei N. , Yakovlev Iliya V. , Lapina Olga B. , Minyukova Tatyana P.
Published: June 2024

We investigated the possibility of synthesizing Co nanoparticles in CoZrnH/AlOx(OH)y/Al ceramic–metal catalysts and controlling the catalytic properties of these nanoparticles in syngas conversion by changing the Co/Zr ratio.
Ruthenium-catalyzed C–H functionalization of indoles and indolines with 7-azabenzonorbornadienes: access to aminodihydronaphthyl indoles and indolines
Authors: Chen Jia-Zhen , Wang Zhong-Xia
Published: June 2024

An Ru-catalyzed carbamoyl-directed C–H functionalization of indoles and indolines with 7-azabenzonorbornadienes results in 2-aminodihydronaphthyl indoles and 7-aminodihydronaphthyl indolines, respectively.
Efficiency, mechanism and application prospect of ammonium adsorption and desorption over a sodium-acetate-modified synthetic zeolite
Authors: Zhou Heng-Deng , Wang Chu-Ya , Wang Qi , Xu Bo-Xing , Zhu Guangcan
Published: June 2024

The NH4+ adsorption capacity of the modified synthetic zeolite was 27.46 mg g−1. Ion exchange accounted for 77.90% of adsorption process and 80.16% of desorption process. The modified synthetic zeolite rapidly adsorbed and slowly released NH4+ and showed promise as a soil amendment.
Turn-on mode probe based on the sustainable xanthohumol extract for the efficient viscosity response in a liquid system
Authors: Xu Lingfeng , Liu Xinya , Zhao Jingyi , Deng Xinmin , Peng Hui
Published: June 2024

Natural extract xanthohumol was utilized as a multi-functional molecular tool for viscosity tracking in the turn-on mode.
From light to hydrogen: the complete life cycle of free charges in photocatalytic nanoparticles
Authors: de la Perrelle Jessica M. , Hudson Rohan J. , Dolan Andrew , Jana Sanjib , Pan Xun , Andersson Mats R. , Tan Howe-Siang , Alotaibi Zuhur H. , Andersson Gunther G. , Smith Trevor A. , Huang David M. , Kee Tak W.
Published: June 2024

A complete picture of charge generation over 11 orders of magnitude in time in the high-performance PM6:Y6 organic-semiconductor blend from donor and acceptor excitation is obtained using ultrafast spectroscopy and kinetic modeling.
Multiscale analysis of triglycerides using X-ray scattering: implementing a shape-dependent model for CNP characterization
Authors: Penagos Ivana A , De Witte Fien , Rimaux Tom , Chèvremont William , Pintelon Isabel , Dewettinck Koen , Van Bockstaele Filip
Published: June 2024

In this article, a shape-dependent model for the interpretation of USAXS data is proposed. CNPs are modeled as polydisperse parallelepipeds, and the aggregates are characterized by fractal dimensionality.
Harnessing a Ti-based MOF for selective adsorption and visible-light-driven water remediation
Authors: Myakala Stephen Nagaraju , Ladisich Magdalena , Ayala Pablo , Rabl Hannah , Batool Samar , Elsaesser Michael S. , Cherevan Alexey , Eder Dominik
Published: June 2024

This study demonstrates the potential of a novel 2D-SBU COK-47-Ti MOF for visible-light-driven wastewater treatment through selective adsorption and photodegradation and shows its excellent performance superior to that of TiO2 and MIL-125-Ti.
Conjugated microporous polymers: their synthesis and potential applications in flexible electrodes
Authors: Zhou Dun , Zhang Kongqing , Zou Shuqi , Li Xiaobai , Ma Hongwei
Published: June 2024

In this review, first, the synthesis of CMPs is reviewed. Second, the application of CMPs in flexible electronics is emphatically introduced. Finally, the problems and challenges of CMPs in flexible electrode materials are discussed.
Amphiphilic Janus patch-grafted hydrogels for salt-rejecting solar water desalination
Authors: Zhu Jie , Xiao Zhiyuan , Song Feiyu , Huang Xiayun , Chen Daoyong , Nie Zhihong
Published: June 2024

The wettability of Janus hydrogel could be precisely regulated via modulating the amphiphilic Janus patch size and surface coverage to develop an excellent evaporator with a superior solar evaporation rate and salt ion rejection ratio.
2D crumpled nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets anode with capacitive-dominated behavior for ultrafast-charging and high-energy-density Li-ion capacitors
Authors: Liu Fangyan , Yu Tong , Qin Jieqiong , Zhang Liangzhu , Zhou Feng , Zhang Xiong , Ma Yanwei , Li Feng , Wu Zhong-Shuai
Published: June 2024

The synergistic effect of abundant mesopore distribution and nitrogen doping enables 2D crumpled nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets as anode materials for Li-ion capacitors with large capacitive-capacities and ultrahigh rate performance.
Design of metalized polyether-ether-ether-ketone based on semi-additive manufacture for 5G applications: from bottom-up assembly to selective electroplating
Authors: Duan Qiuyan , Sun Qi , Lu Yinxiang
Published: June 2024

Based on semi-additive manufacture, PEEK with a nanoscale profile integrated tightly with electrodeposited thick copper through the surface modification of GPTMS assembly.
Two-dimensional lead-free perovskite Cs3Bi2I8.3Br0.7 single crystals with anisotropic ion migration and hard X-ray responses
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Guodong , Hua Yunqiu , Sun Xue , Liu Jiaxin , Liu Hongjie , Yue Zhongjie , Zhai Zhongjun , Xia Haibing , Tao Xutang
Published: June 2024

The anisotropic ion migration and X-ray detection performances of centimeter-sized 2D Cs3Bi2I8.3Br0.7 single crystals are attributed to anisotropic ions and carrier transportation along intra-layer and inter-layer directions.
Local well-posedness of the mortensen observer
Authors: Breiten T. , Schröder J.
Published: June 2024

The analytical background of nonlinear observers based on minimal energy estimation is discussed. It is shown that locally the derivation of the observer equation based on a trajectory with pointwise minimal energy can be done rigorously. The result is obtained by a local sensitivity analysis of the value function based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle and the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. The consideration of a differential Riccati equation reveals that locally the second derivative of the value function is a positive definite matrix. The local convexity ensures existence of a trajectory minimizing the energy, which is then shown to satisfy the observer equation.
Cyclic deformation of Ti-Ni alloy used for endovascular device
Authors: Morozova T.V.
Published: June 2024

Has been studied the possibility of using TiNi alloys with shape memory and pseudoelasticity as an implantation material for correction of functional mitral regurgitation endovascular device. The modes the deformation cycling were developed that allows fulfilness of necessary properties eligible to operate power-unit device for trans-skin implantation method. Preliminary deformation cycling provides mechanical properties range stabilization that guarantees the shape reinstatement of implant after its installation.
Computational and experimental assessment of the fatigue strength dissipation characteristics of power lugs
Authors: Kravchenko Georgy , Kravchenko Konstantin , Osipov Alexander , Bazanov Vladimir
Published: June 2024

Methods for experimental and computational assessment of the dissipation indicators of the endurance limit and cyclic durability of power lugs of machines and mechanisms are presented. Based on a generalization of the results of fatigue tests, the dependences of the standard deviation of the logarithm of the number of cycles before failure of lugs made of high-strength steels on the maximum amplitudes of cyclic stresses were constructed. Formulas are obtained for calculating the coefficient of variation of the theoretical stress concentration coefficient of the lugs from production deviations of their dimensions in plan and from the dispersion of the gap between the bolt and the hole. Based on these formulas, the values of the coefficient of variation of the theoretical stress concentration coefficient for typical lugs are obtained and given.
Features of the experimental evaluation of the fatigue resistance characteristics of power lugs
Authors: Kravchenko Georgy , Kravchenko Konstantin , Kolosov Aleaxander , Vershinin Vladimir
Published: June 2024

The features of the fatigue strength of the lugs in different zones of the cycle asymmetry coefficient are considered. It is shown that the most severe conditions of variable loading of the lugs correspond to a cycle asymmetry coefficient from 0.1 to 0.2. Formulas have been obtained to clarify the statistical assessment of the durability of symmetrical lug samples when, during their fatigue testing, destruction occurs on only one side. Recommendations are given for the selection of accelerated test modes with forced loading and for comparative tests at the same stress amplitude level.
Optimization of pyroprocessing of zinc sulfide ore to produce ferroalloy and zinc
Authors: Makhanbetova Baktygul , Shevko Viktor , Aitkulov Dosmurat , Lavrov Boris , Badikova Alexandra
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of thermodynamic analysis and experiments on the electric smelting of Shalkiya ore (5.2% of ZnS, 1.0% of PbS, 50% of SiO2) with the joint producing a silicon-containing ferroalloy and extracting zinc and lead into sublimates. The studies included the thermodynamic modeling using the HSC-6.0 software package and electric smelting in an arc furnace. It was established that the interaction in a ZnS-Fe3O4-2C system under equilibrium conditions is of a stepwise nature with the initial reduction of Fe3O4 to Fe and FeO at 600-1000 °C, then the interaction of ZnS with Fe at 1100-1800 °C with the formation of gaseous zinc, and the interaction of ZnS with FeO with the predominant formation of zinc at temperatures above 1600 °C. The electric smelting a charge containing the Shalkiya ore, coke, magnetite concentrate (85.9% of Fe3O4) and steel shavings allowed us to establish that FeSi45 grade ferrosilicon (41.8-44.6% of Si), with the extraction of 80-85.4% of Si, can be produced in the presence of 24.9-30% of coke with the replacement of magnetite’s iron by steel shavings’ iron from 20.9 to 91.8%. A lower degree of this replacement is associated with intensive development of foaming and a decrease in the extraction of silicon into the alloy. At least 98% of zinc and 96% of lead are extracted into the resulting sublimates containing 29.4% of zinc and 15.1% of lead.
Ways to reduce CO emissions in the polypropylene medical products disposal
Authors: Budin Artemy , Zyryanov Ilya , Pozolotin Alexandr
Published: June 2024

A large number of polypropylene medical products require special disposal conditions. The most effective and simplest method is combustion. At the same time, it is necessary to minimize harmful emissions that inevitably arise when organizing this process. The paper presents the study results of the combustion rate and combustion completeness depending on the oxidizer supply conditions and the characteristics of the external electric field created in the combustion zone. The possibility of increasing the productivity and combustion plant environmental friendliness has been shown.
Stone rocks are a valuable building material
Authors: Shcherbakova Irina , Kovalchuk Nadezhda
Published: June 2024

In the modern world, new technologies in different fields of knowledge are constantly emerging every minute. In modern construction, there is a tendency for new building materials to appear. A valuable primitive building material is stone. It is also worth noting that this building material has survived to the present day and is still appreciated in the construction industry. There are deposits of valuable rock in the Rostov region. The deposits of the Meshkov stone rocks are located in the north of the Rostov region. Stone is mined for the construction of buildings, fences and other structures. It is worth emphasizing that the presented deposits of stone rocks are located on the surface of the earth, and represent a stone forest – a wonderful natural creation.
Recycling of yeast multifunctional autolysates and extracts in the food industry
Authors: Kuntsova Mariia , Meledina Tatiana , Davydenko Svetlana
Published: June 2024

Recycling of industrial waste is one of the most crucial problems for the food industry. The forces of modern researchers are focused on solving this problem and using the biopotential of spent resources. Residual yeast from fermentation industries, in particular brewing, is of particular interest among the variety of food production waste. This is due to the extremely rich chemical composition of the yeast cell, and the possibility of obtaining a wide range of ingredients that exhibit both biological activity and technologically significant properties. Spent brewer's yeast is rich in proteins and carbohydrates, as well as vitamins B and minerals. The protein fraction, which accounts for 45–60% by dry weight (dw), contains all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities, which allows considering this secondary material resource an excellent source of protein with high biological value and a well-balanced AA profile. The carbohydrate fraction, comprising approximately 40% by dw, consists of intracellular carbohydrates (such as simple sugars and glycogen) as well as cell wall polysaccharides (such as β-glucan and α-mannan). Special emphasis is placed on the cell wall components due to their significant multidirectional biological activity and technologically important properties. Thus, β-glucan and α-mannan, along with emulsifying, sorbing and stabilizing properties, exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, immunomodulatory and prebiotic properties. This review presents an analysis of yeast autolysates and extracts sources as well as the influence of cultivation conditions and production methods on their chemical composition.
Study of eco-friendly static gas-solid centrifugal separator
Authors: Prets Mariia , Ziangirov Aidar , The Vu Pham , Kuznetsov Maxim
Published: June 2024

Gas-solid separation is a common process in many industries, including transport and power engineering. A static centrifugal multivortex device has been developed for effective separating fine particles from gas streams. The work aims to numerically study the efficiency and pressure drop of the separator. It was found that a choice of the turbulence model does not affect the pressure drop. The efficiency of the static centrifugal separator is 64.3% at the input gas velocity of 7 m/s. The sloped blades located above the apertures made in the internal pipe results in the improvement of separation efficiency. Moreover, changing the slope of the blades does not affect the efficiency of the separator. The hydraulic resistance coefficient of the developed device is on average 20.6, with a Reynolds number from 11400 to 38000. The low pressure drop provides reduced energy cost, which promotes decarbonization efforts.
The role of the atom-atomic interactions depth on the metallic nanofilms structure evolution
Authors: Andrukhova Olga , Andrukhova Tatiana , Lomskikh Natalia , Mudretsova Liudmila
Published: June 2024

Stochastic methods of modeling slow–moving processes controlled by diffusion make it possible to analyze the order-disorder phase transitions. The features of the kinetics of these transformations can also be identified due to these methods. Most of the investigations were made for binary alloys, taking into account the interaction of atoms in the first two coordination spheres. There is evidence that in real alloys the influence of the interatomic potential trimming radius is significant. The computer simulation results from the process of isothermal annealing of a binary metal nanofilm by a vacancy mechanism at various temperatures and the extent of the interatomic potential are presented. It has been established that with an increase in the extent of interatomic interaction potential, effects similar to those of temperature disordering a ear.
Available engineering software for simulation in various fields
Authors: Magomedov Islam , Aygumov Timur , Pikuleva Natalya
Published: June 2024

Modern analytical tools for structure analysis can be found in different forms and states. The market is full of different tools for engineering purposes. Some of them are free and some provide partial access to the software without fully purchasing them. For the common man, it is hard to select the one that will suit them perfectly without any experience or deep knowledge of these tools. The work will present the four tools that are commonly used in the scientific world for analysis of different areas in the engineering world. The work will present in brief the overall background of the software. Also, the fields that they are most commonly used and gained a reputation. Some comparisons of the tools will be presented in the paper.
Development of situational algorithms for the use of robotic systems
Authors: Tikhanychev Oleg
Published: June 2024

The relevance of choosing the subject of research as the principles of the use of robotic systems for various purposes, including in a group, and the object of study, which are algorithmic problems that arise in the implementation of algorithms for group actions, is determined by the existing contradiction between the need for the joint use of robotic systems, most particularly autonomous, and the complexity of the software implementation of this requirement. The manifestation of such problems can be application errors that reduce the effectiveness of joint actions. The paper formulates a list of typical situations that determine the use of autonomous and controlled robots in a group with a leader. On the basis of the proposed classification, possible algorithms that provide movement control in a group are analyzed: both calculations for targeted maneuvering and for ensuring mutual safety. Based on a review analysis of typical algorithms for controlling movement in space, the formulation of the scientific problem of solving the problem of developing group algorithms and mathematical methods that determine their optimal application in the system, as an analogue of the “new morality” for robotic systems, is synthesized.
Preliminary studies on radon concentration in CO2-rich mineral waters of the Elbrus area (Caucasus, Russia)
Authors: Chelnokov George , Lavrushin Vasilii , Ermakov Aleksandr , Pavlov Andrey
Published: June 2024

The geological and geochemical conditions as well as radon concentrations of ten manifestations of СО2-rich waters in the Elbrus area are considered in this paper. Also, content of uranium and thorium were measured in waters and in host rocks. The data were compared with chemical and isotopic composition of associated gases. It is established that water bearing rocks are classified into rocks of low and normal radioactivity. The contents of uranium (<1.37 μg/L) and thorium (<0.3 μg/L) in the water are low. Measurements of radon concentrations in water and gas flux of mineral springs in the Elbrus area indicate that most of them are weakly radioactive (6–33 Bq/L, 25-350 Bq/m3, respectively). The CO2-rich mineral waters of the Tyrnyauz exhibit the highest level of radioactivity (33 Bq/L) within the Elbrus area. Isotopical gas studies have shown that within the Elbrus region there is a connection with the deep horizons of the Earth's crust, from which various fluids (water and gases) can rise to the surface. Although Rn values are low and cannot be used for medical purposes, natural objects with similar characteristics can be used to observe the state of the geological environment (e.g. earthquakes) and as natural laboratories to establish the mechanisms of deep gas migration to the surface.
Rational modeling of a wind unit tower taken into account of the features of its dynamic characteristics
Authors: Garanzha Igor , Tanasoglo Anton , Gorokhov Yevgeny , Pisareva Milena , Smirnova Natalia
Published: June 2024

Nowadays the level of development of finite element (FE) calculation systems allows us to count on the maximum level of design solutions quality, provided that is created an adequate and at the same time simple design model, which directly determines the level of accuracy of the results obtained when determining the parameters of the stress-strain state, as well as dynamic characteristics of buildings and structures. It is fundamentally necessary for the designer to know the degree of influence of various factors to the creation of a finite element design model on the dynamic response of the design object. There is no doubt the relevance of the problem of identifying the features of modeling tower-type structures, which will simplify the work of an engineer and at the same time reach a qualitatively new level in making design decisions. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive assessment of the influence of the features of creating a design model to the resulting parameter - the frequency behavior of a tubular tower for wind turbines which is the most popular at wind parks in Russia over the past two decades. For numerical research was used the domestic design complex SCAD Office. To create calculation models and perform a comparative analysis of the resulting parameters of tubular towers were used FE types 41, 42, 44, and 50. When determining the influence of the finite element type calculations were made for a cylindrical tower with fixed parameters, taking into account changes in the type and size of the FE. In the calculations the evaluating factors were: changing in the main and equivalent stresses, as well as the change in the frequency of the first form of own oscillations. When comparing the values of the main and equivalent stresses, the plate of the third row from the base was taken as the calculated one.
Research the adaptive neural networks using possibility in control systems for cycle chemistry at thermal power plants
Authors: Yegoshina Olga , Lukutina Sofya , Bezuglov Egor , Ivanova Alexandra
Published: June 2024

The study is devoted to the analysis of the learning possibilities of adaptive neural networks in the context of water-chemical regime management systems. During a series of experiments on a laboratory stand with a disturbing effect, transient characteristics describing changes in the controlled value were obtained. The obtained mathematical models using the TunePID program served as the basis for the analysis and research of adaptive neural networks. Adaptive neural networks are a powerful tool capable of learning from the data obtained and dynamically changing their structure and parameters to accurately predict and control the behavior of the system. Unlike classical mathematical models, adaptive neural networks have the ability to process nonlinear dependencies and adapt to changing conditions without the need for manual reconfiguration. The stages of identification of disturbances and adaptation of compensator settings were described and illustrated. The study included an analysis of the work of a neural network with a different number of hidden neurons and various activation functions. The results showed that neural networks trained on data using an adaptive approach are able to predict and control the system with an accuracy comparable to the calculated parameters of the control coefficients calculated manually.
Study of electrical conductivity of fluorine-conducting solid electrolytes based on lead fluoride
Authors: Vasina Svetlana , Tagirova Mashkhura , Ryabikov Vladislav
Published: June 2024

Samples of solid electrolytes based on β-Pb F2 doped with ScF3 were synthesized. The dependence lg σT has been studied from 1/Т the samples received. Significant changes in electrical conductivity and enthalpy are observed at an impurity concentration of 0,05±0,02. It has been established that as the content of SсF3 molecules in a solid solution increases, the number of defective regions increases and at a certain impurity concentration their spatial overlap occurs. The formation of a closed three-dimensional network of the defect phase corresponds to percolation and is accompanied by a change (often sharp) in the conductivity and other properties of solid solutions.
Construction and implementation of a mathematical model for damping vibrations of high-rise buildings and structures using reactive dampers
Authors: Shein Alexander , Zaitsev Mikhail , Shmelev Danila
Published: June 2024

The problem of developing a computational model of an active vibration damping system of a high-rise building during an earthquake using a simple and suitable calculation scheme for high-rise buildings is considered. An approximate finite element model is presented that adequately describes the dynamic characteristics of a high-rise building. A mathematical model of a steel lattice tower is considered as an example. The ratio equations and displacement difference equations describing the behavior of reactive dampers installed in the tower are presented. An approach to optimizing the parameters of relative motion is presented. The calculation of vibration damping of a tower with reactive dampers installed on one and two levels is shown. The classification of forces with different physical properties and affecting the movement of mechanical systems is presented.
IT technologies in the development of digital literacy
Authors: Miletova Ekaterina , Chalaya Yuliya
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of IT-technologies on the development of digital literacy in modern society. It is noted that nowadays no sphere of social activity can function without IT-technologies, which leads to the need for the formation and development of digital literacy and digital competencies in modern man. The authors point out that the specifics of IT-technologies, their influence and prevalence today require a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to study. This study of digital products, proves the effectiveness of IT-technologies in professional activities (mostly in translation practice) while solving a wide range of problems. On the example of Google Translate and PROMT services, the capabilities of IT-technologies that simplify and speed up the translator's work and ensure high quality of translation are shown. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that IT-technologies serve as a tool for realizing professionally significant goals and tasks, the solution of which is possible in the presence of digital competencies. The article emphasizes the importance of forming digital literacy of specialists in various industries on the basis of continuous introduction and improvement of IT skills through systematic work with IT technologies and programs.
Algorithms and methods for automated construction of knowledge graphs based on text sources
Authors: Filippov Victor , Ayusheeva Natalya , Kusheeva Maria
Published: June 2024

In this article, we present our path towards building knowledge graphs automatically from Russian texts. We explore various methodologies and libraries to extract triples, which are the fundamental building blocks of knowledge graphs. Our approach involves the use of libraries for analyzing morphological characteristics of words, such as PyMorphy and Yandex Mystem, to construct triples. We also utilize the NLP library spaCy to analyze text and build triples based on semantic relationships recognized by the library. However, we found that in some cases, we could not extract relationships from the text, leading us to use word2vec to define relationships. Unfortunately, the results obtained from word2vec were unsatisfactory and could not be used as relationships. We also encountered the problem of building triples from text due to the use of pronouns. To address this issue, we explored the use of coreference resolution libraries, but unfortunately, there are no working libraries available for the Russian language at this time. Our results highlight both positive and negative outcomes of applying these methodologies and libraries, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities of building knowledge graphs automatically from Russian texts.
Analysis of the current state of the issue of greenhouse gas emission monitoring
Authors: Stepanenko Vseslav , Dovgal Vladislav , Gura Dmitry , Dyachenko Roman , Lipilin Dmitry
Published: June 2024

The question of the theory of global warming is being raised more and more every year. There are disputes, dialogues, and various conferences on this problem. Carbon grounds are being created everywhere for research. The world community is increasingly asking questions about decarbonization and carbon trace compensation, but the main problem is that there is no unified standardized methodology for accounting of production and absorption of carbon dioxide, there is no comprehensive monitoring system approved that allows us to receive real-time data from large territories at present. This review article examines the purpose of carbon grounds, the impact of greenhouse gases, the concept of a carbon trace, the goals of decarbonization and the existing monitoring problems. The actively used environmental monitoring posts are considered, and it is also proposed to supplement the existing list of posts with a mobile flying post (using an unmanned aerial vehicle). The planned structure of the information collection system and the block diagram of the unmanned aerial module are proposed. The article also notes that the more reliable the initial data will be in the calculation and forecasting, the more accurate the final result will be. Further necessary improvement of accuracy is possible only thanks to a deep integrated approach to monitoring the absorption and emission of greenhouse gases.