bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity Assessment of the Crude Ethanolic Pod Extract of Swartzia madagascariensis Desv. in Rats
Authors: Mwakalila Adelina A. , Mbepera Saada M. , Mshamu Shaabani A. , Msonga Amina , Washa Washa B.
Published: June 2022

This study assessed toxicity of the crude ethanolic pod extracts of Swartzia madagascariensis Desv in Wistar rats. Forty (40) Wistar rats aged 8–10 weeks were orally administered with crude extracts from pods of S. madagascariensis. Chemical analysis of serum and histopathology of liver and kidney from test animals were performed to determine the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine in serum. In addition, serum albumin levels were also determined. The levels of ALT, AST and creatinine were found to be high in groups treated with crude extracts compared to the control group, suggesting some damage in liver cells and kidney of treated groups of Wistar rats. The albumin levels in serum samples of crude extract treated groups were found to be low compared to control group, suggesting some leakage to the urine due to damage in the kidney. Histopathological analyses revealed damages in the liver and kidney treated with 1000 mg/kg of crude ethanolic pod extracts of Swartzia madagascariensis (CEPES) at days 2 and 14, corresponding to what was observed in the biochemical variables. The findings revealed that Swartzia madagascariensis pods are toxic once taken in large quantities (1000 mg/kg).

Keywords: Toxicity, Wistar rats, Histopathology, biochemical parameters
Exploring Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance Techniques for Resource Sharing in Broadband Power Line Communications
Authors: Luwemba Godfrey , Kissaka Mussa M. , Mafole Prosper
Published: June 2022

A resource sharing in power line communications (PLC) for the home network is restricted by the channel assignment techniques which decide who has the right to gain access to send data. The channel assignment techniques include contention-free and contention-based. The former requires high synchronization due to the deterministic round-trip time. Besides, contention-based utilizes CSMA/CA techniques that allow stations in a network to compete for channel access and are suitable for decentralized network topology. However, a trade-off exists between the number of stations required to gain access versus system efficiency. Whilst some research has been carried out on CSMA/CA resource sharing techniques that allow only one user to transmit, there is very little work done on multiuser access to optimize system efficiency and reduce collisions in a network. The purpose of the current study was to review the CSMA/CA techniques for resource sharing to improve system efficiency in power line communications. In carrying out this study, a systematic literature review methodology to evaluate different related works and determine the most suitable approach to allow multiuser channel access was used. The study further demonstrated the impact multichannel access has on system efficiency. In addition, the study provides recommendations for future research.

Keywords: CSMA/CA; Medium access control; OFDMA; power line; resource sharing;
The Influence of Leadership, Workload and Work Environment on the Work Motivation of Employees of the Personnel Agency and Resource Development Human South Coast District
Authors: Rahmadhani Neneng , Susanti Febsri
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of leadership, workload and work environment on work motivation employees of Agency For Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) Pesisir Selatan Regency. The method used in this research is quantitative research with survey and descriptive approach. The population in this study were employees of Agency For Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) Pesisir Selatan Regency. The sample used was 48 people using saturated sampling technique. The data analysis technique is multiple linear regression. The results showed that: (1) Leadership has a positive and significant effect on work motivation employees, (2) Workload has a negative and significant effect on work motivation, (3) Work environment has a positive and significant effect on work motivation employees
The Effect of Employee Competence and Performance on Community Satisfaction at the Padang City Regional Revenue Agency
Authors: Sari Nadya Dewinta , Susanti Febsri
Published: June 2022

The government continues to strive to provide the best service to the community so that community satisfaction related to the various services that can be provided continues to increase. The community is increasing by continuously improving performance and encouraging employee performance to be more optimal in its implementation. This study aims to analyze and prove the effect of competence and employee performance on community satisfaction at the Padang City Regional Revenue Agency. The method used is descriptive with Multiple Linear Regression analysis technique. The population in the study is all people who make services at the Padang City Regional Revenue Agency in 2020 reaching 1,263. The sampling technique used in this research is simple random sampling. The sample is 93 people. From statistical analysis with the help of SPSS version 23, that: 1) competence has a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction at the Padang City Regional Revenue Agency, and 2) employee performance has a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction at the Padang City Regional Revenue Agency
The Influence of Work Ethic, Organizational Commitment and Work Discipline on Employee Performance on PT. Kilang Lima Gunung Padang
Authors: Permana Redo Zulio , Dewi Aminar Sutra
Published: June 2022

Human resources have a central role for the company in the process of realizing goals, so to make it happen it takes maximum effort from the company by improving all human resource capabilities within the company, because this is the main key for the company to improve the performance of its employees. This study aims to test effect of work ethic on employee performance, to test effect of commitment on employee performance, to test effect of work discipline on employee performance. The sampling of the research used saturated sampling as many as 96 samples, using multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that work ethic has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance
Effect of Education Level and Job Placement on Employee Work Productivity at Regional Drinking Water Company Tirta Bhagasasi Rawa Lumbu Bekasi Branch
Authors: Safira Meidiana Eka , Marginingsih Ria
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the Effect of Education Level and Job Placement on Employee Work Productivity at the Tirta Bhagasasi Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) Rawa Lumbu Bekasi Branch. This research uses quantitative methods. The sampling technique used is a  saturated sampling technique (census). The sample used was 42 people. data collection techniques by conducting interviews, observations, and dissemination of questionnaires. For data analysis using PLS (Partial Least Square), PLS is one of the variant-based SEM statistical methods designed to solve multiple regressions when there are specific problems with the calculated data using the SmartPLS 3.3.3 program
Unused and expired drug disposal practice and awareness among undergraduate students from pharmacy and other disciplines: Bangladesh perspective
Authors: Shakib Fardin Al Fahad , Sadat Nazmus , Ahmed Shamim , Nipa Nilufer Yeasmin , Rahman Mashiqur , Uddin Mohammad Borhan
Published: June 2022

Background: Most medicine users are not aware of the safe disposal of unused or expired medicines. The aim of this study was to know the current knowledge of the disposal practices of unused and expired medicines among the undergraduate pharmacy and other disciplines studying in universities located in different areas of Dhaka city, Bangladesh.   
Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey, conducted through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Returned questionnaires were double-checked for accuracy.
Results: A total of 250 valid questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 100%. Respondents were mainly divided into two categories: pharmacy students (n=150; 60%) and general students (n=100; 40%). Two third of the general students (66%; n=98) and pharmacy students (65.3%; n=66) showed an almost similar response to keeping medicines at home. Overall, the highest common leftover medicines were analgesics (n=181; 27.6%) followed by gastric agents 174 (26.6%). Alarmingly, 85 (34%) respondents usually threw their leftover medicines in the dustbin, however, only very few portions of health science students (8%) have donated their unused medicines to welfare and friends. About 58% of respondents from other disciplines agreed that the necessity of pharmacists counselling people about proper medication disposal is highly required.   
Conclusion: Gaps exist in everyday drug disposal practices, therefore cost-effective pharmaceutical waste management programmes supported by government regulatory authorities and media campaigns are needed. Healthcare practitioners and community pharmacists should offer training to educate patients on standard medicine disposal practices. Findings from this study are hoped to assist in creating awareness about appropriate drug disposal practices in households and trigger interest and attention among policymakers about formulating relevant regulations.
How do different communities of pharmacy students in the United Kingdom approach study and personal support?
Authors: Ponikwer Fiona , Dunskute Ugne , Rafique Rumaysa , Patel Bhavik Anil
Published: June 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to discover how a diverse pharmacy student population in the United Kingdom engages with academic and non-academic support, and what might prevent them from doing so.
Methods: Pharmacy students (in all years of study) completed an online survey seeking information on: demographics; confidence in studying; and where/how students seek academic and personal support. The survey outcomes were statistically analysed to compare differences between Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) and white students. 
Results: When seeking help from academic staff, 38.8% of BAME students felt they were negatively perceived. All students are significantly more likely to seek help for academic issues than for personal and well-being ones, with most students preferring to ask family and friends rather than university support mechanisms.
Conclusion: The results strongly indicate that support mechanisms present within universities to help students are seldom utilised and may explain the reduced academic performance of both white and BAME students.
Reprodüksiyonun Sanat Eğitimindeki Rolü ve Çini-Seramik Eğitiminde Yapılan Reprodüksiyon Örnekleri
Authors: KILIÇ Atilla Cengiz , KILIÇ Hadiye
Published: June 2022

Reprodüksiyon hakkında yapılan araştırmalarda; reprodüksiyonun çok farklı alanlarda uygulama alanı bulduğu ve birçok amacının olduğu görülmektedir. Yeniden yapım, imitasyon veya taklit anlamlarında karşılık bulan reprodüksiyon, genelde olumsuz bir imaja sahip olsa da gerçekte sanat eğitiminin her alanında öğrenmenin en iyi araçlarından biridir. Sanatın herhangi bir dalında klasik olan bir eserde özellikle uygulanan tekniklerin taklit edilmesi, ilerde yapılacak yeni eserlerin önünü açmakta ve perspektifi genişletmektedir. Ayrıca reprodüksiyonun; geleneksel değerleri en iyi yansıtan eserlerin ömrünü uzatarak, bu değerlerin gelecek nesillere aktarılmasında sanat değerlerini korumak adına da önemli görevleri bulunmaktadır. Akademik olarak ele alınan reprodüksiyon konusu Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi, Geleneksel Türk Sanatları Bölümü, Çini Tasarımı ve Onarımı Anasanat Dalında, “Farklı Uygarlıkların Seramikleri” ve “Eski Çini Örneklerinin Yeniden Üretimi” adlı derslerde verilen eğitimlerde işlenmektedir. Bu derslerde yapılan uygulamalardan örneklerin verildiği bu çalışmanın, kültürün sürdürülebilirliği açısından fayda getireceği düşünülmektedir.
Mediflex Diagnostics
Detection of COVID, Pneumonia Using CNN
Authors: Kola Sai Kumar  , Nizampetkar Shreya Kulkarni  , Kota Laya  , K. Sasi Kiran
Published: June 2022

At the end of 2019, a new form of Coronavirus, called COVID-19, has widely spread in the world. To quickly
screen patients with the aim to detect this new form of pulmonary disease, in this paper we propose a method aimed to
automatically detect the COVID-19 disease by analyzing medical images. We exploit supervised machine learning
techniques building a model considering a data-set freely available for research purposes of 85 chest X-rays. The
experiment shows the effectiveness of the proposed method in the discrimination between the COVID-19 disease and other
pulmonary diseases.
Pneumonia remains a threat to human health; the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that began at the end of 2019 had a
major impact on the world. It is still raging in many countries and has caused great losses to people’s lives and property. In
this paper, we present a method based on DeepConv-DilatedNet of identifying and localizing pneumonia in chest X-ray
(CXR) images. Two-stage detector Faster R-CNN is adopted as the structure of a network. Feature Pyramid Network (FPN)
is integrated into the residual neural network of a dilated bottleneck so that the deep features are expanded to preserve the
deep feature and position information of the object. In the case of DeepConv-DilatedNet, the deconvolution network is used
to restore high-level feature maps into its original size, and the target information is further retained.
Online Bug Tracking System
Authors: Nupur Buradkar  , Prachiti muppidwar  , Sakshi Bawankar  , Sakshi Ukey  , Samiksha Badwekar
Published: June 2022

Bug tracking system is an online project management implement, which will be habituated to
track and manage bugs with the project without any latency. Project Manager will engender team members
including developers and testing team. Testing team will engender and assign bugs to developer in the bug
tracker which notifies developer immediately through email notification. Developer will commence finetuning the bugs which were allocated to him and after consummating the fine-tune, will update it as
“resolution” in the bug tracker which will notifies the testing team through email notification. Testing team
member will immediately verify the fine-tune and close the issue if it is working else testing team will reopen the issue. In this way entire process will be automated which will avails to achieve the quality in the
project.
The bug report is mailed to the project manager and the developer as anon as the bug is identified. This
makes that no error will go unfixed because of indigent communication. It makes ascertain that anyone who
requires to ken about a bug can learn of it anon after it is reported. Bug tracking system plays vital role in
the testing phase. But it fortifies assigning projects for the developer, tester by the project manager.
Bio-Diesel Preparation from Cooked Oil & Testing
Physical Properties
Authors: Prasad Koli  , Prathamesh More  , Shivanand Patil  , Vishal Huvannavar  , Chiranjivi Patil  , Rajendra Galagali
Published: June 2022

The main purpose of this project is to reduce the usage of fossil fuel in our day to day life by replacing the alternative fuels.
The biodiesel is the one of the promising fuel that is being used in diesel base engine as substitute to the conventional diesel. It is the
fuel obtained by the trans- esterification reaction of crude oil extracted from various edible and non-edible sources. These sources
include vegetable oils, animal fats, and renewable sources of plants namely palm, coconut, sesame, corn, Fever nut seed, olive,
sunflower, soybean, peanut etc. Cooked oil is used as raw material for the preparation of the Bio-Diesel. One of the major reason for
selecting cooked oil as raw material is, disposal of cooked oil is challenging task and it also impacts on environment. The cooked oil is
converted into the usable Bio-Diesel. The cooked oil is filtered and mixed with Sodium hydroxide and Methanol to form an
esterification reaction and gives a Bio-Diesel. The physical properties of prepared Bio-Diesel is tested in laboratory.
Methodological Aspect of Organizing and Conducting Prosecutorial Inspections
Authors: Махьянова Р.М.
Published: June 2022

В статье обосновывается необходимость совершенствования методик прокурорских проверок на основе тактики, разрабатываемой и реализуемой в различных надзорных ситуациях в целях внедрения новых форм, методов и способов осуществления прокурорского надзора. Автором высказано предложение об обязательном использовании единой методологии выработки тактики в процессе организации и осуществления надзорных проверок, выделении их в особую категорию прокурорского надзора на законодательном уровне. Уточнены авторские определения понятий «методика прокурорского надзора», «тактика организации проверок», «тактика проверок», предложена авторская классификация методик проведения прокурорских проверок

The article substantiates the need to improve methods of prosecutorial inspections based on tactics developed and implemented in various supervisory situations in order to introduce new forms, methods and means of prosecutorial supervision. The author suggests the mandatory use of a unified methodology for developing tactics in the process of organizing and implementing supervisory inspections, fixing them as a special category of prosecutorial supervision at the legislative level. The author’s definitions of the concepts “methods of prosecutorial supervision”, “tactics of organizing inspections”, “tactics of inspections” are clarified, the author’s classification of methods for conducting prosecutorial inspections is proposed.
Mirrors and Lamps: Yeats’s Vision and the Logic of the Palimpsest
Authors: Asadi Amjad Fazel , Taheri-Azam Seyed-Nima
Published: June 2022

This study aims to provide a novel understanding of W. B. Yeats’s systematic view of reality and human experience, generally referred to as his Vision. De Man’s deconstructive reading of Yeats has demonstrated that this vision operates according to a particular mode of logic that differs radically from the standard economy of binary oppositions. Building on de Man’s findings, and with reference to Shelley’s poem “Witch of Atlas,” this paper attempts to re-configure the primary-antithetical structure of Yeats’s Vision in terms of ‘repetition with-in difference,’ interpreting his view of personal and historical reality as a ‘graft’ of lives and destinies—layer upon layer, none erased yet all under-erasure, like a palimpsest. In this respect, the fatalistic strain within Yeats’s vision is read as a heterogeneous play of Fate and Destiny. The remainder of the paper thoroughly examines Yeats’s iconic metaphor of mirror vs. the lamp regarding the role of the poet as imitator vs. creator and the theological analogy of the poet as God. Applying the insights derived from the study, and with reference to Goethe’s idea of “repeated reflection,” the lamp-mirror divide is argued to be governed by the undecidable logic of the palimpsest.
L. MARCIUS PHILIPPUS’UN SENATO SÖYLEVİ
Authors: AŞKİT Çağatay
Published: June 2022

İÖ 91 yılı consul’ü L.Marcius Philippus’un İÖ 77 yılı başında senatoda verdiği ve Latince Oratio Philippi in senatu adıyla bilinen söylev, Romalı tarihçi Gaius Sallustius Crispus’un Historiae eserinde yer almaktadır. Sulla’nın ölümünden sonra kurduğu düzene itiraz eden Lepidus ve yandaşlarına karşı verilmiştir. Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde Philippus’un hayatı ve kariyeri hakkında kısa bilgiler verilmiş, ardından söylevin Oxford Classical Texts serisi içerisinde yer alan Latince metni temel alınarak Türkçe çevirisi sunulmuştur. Tartışma bölümünde söylevin yapısı ve bölümleri Rhetorica ad Herennium eserindeki siyasal retorik kuramları açısından değerlendirilmiş ve görülen benzerlikler vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca Sallustius’un kullandığı sözcük ve kavramlar üslup açısından incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
HİTİT METİNLERİNDE LÚAPIN.LÁ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: TUNCER Hasan
Published: June 2022

İnsanoğlu avcılık ve toplayıcılık ile başladığı besin hayatına, Neolitik dönemden itibaren tarımı eklemiştir. Zaman içerisinde gelişen tarım, birçok toplumun temel geçim kaynağı olmuştur. Tarımsal faaliyetlerinde tecrübelenen toplumlar, besin üretimine dayalı bir ekonomik modelin ortaya çıkıp gelişmesinin önünü açmıştır. Bu yeni ekonomik model, yerleşik hayat kavramını toplumlara aşılayan temel unsur olmuştur. MÖ. 2. binyıl Anadolu’sunun büyük bir siyasi gücü olan Hitit ülkesi, diğer toplumlar gibi tarıma büyük bir önem vermiştir. Hititçe metinlerde, ekip biçme işlemini gerçekleştiren çiftçiler, LÚAPIN.LÁ Sumerogramı ile anılmaktadır. Hitit Anadolu’sunun topraklarının ekilip biçilmesini sağlayan çiftçilerin ilk görevleri, elde ettikleri ürünleri insanlardan önce ve tam zamanında tanrılara sunmaktır. Bu konuyla ilgili uyarılan ve aksi bir durumda cezalandırılacakları belirtilen çiftçiler, siyasi antlaşma metinlerinde diğer kaçak kimselerden farklı olarak “işi teslim etme” olgusu çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Belgelerde, tahıl ambarlarının sorumluları olarak da karşımıza çıkan çiftçilerin, ekip biçme ve ürünü teslim etme işlemleri esnasında yalan söylemesi durumunda cezalandırılacağını görmekteyiz. Tarımsal faaliyetlerinin yanında, kimi zaman hayvanların tedarik ve muhafaza edilmesi işlerini yerine getiren çiftçiler, farklı görev ve fonksiyonları ile Hitit ekonomisinin en önemli bileşenlerinden birisi olmuştur.
CUMHURİYETTEN PRINCIPATUS’A ROMA DEVLETİNDE İSTİHBARAT FAALİYETLERİ VE İSTİHBARAT BİRİMLERİ: GENEL BİR BAKIŞ (MÖ [C.] 500 – MS 284)
Authors: YARLIGAŞ Oğuz
Published: June 2022

Roma Devleti ordusunun ve idari yapısının gücü sayesinde yüzyıllar boyunca Akdeniz dünyasının en önemli gücü olmayı başardı ve geniş toprakları kontrolü altında tuttu. Tarih sahnesine İtalya’nın ortasında küçük bir kent devleti olarak çıkan, ilerleyen yüzyıllar içindeyse tüm Akdeniz’i hakimiyeti altına alan ve uzun süre bu hakimiyeti korumayı başaran bu büyük devlet, doğal olarak tarih serüveni boyunca hem içeride hem de dışarıda çok çeşitli tehditlere karşı mücadele vermek zorunda kaldı. İstihbarat faaliyetleri de işte tam bu noktada devreye girmektedir. Romalılar, günümüze kalan kaynaklardan anlaşıldığı kadarıyla en erken dönemlerden itibaren devletlerinin iç güvenliğini sağlamak, olası dış tehditlerden haberdar olmak ve savaş zamanlarında düşman ordularının hareketlerini takip etmek gibi ihtiyaçların karşılanması için çok çeşitli yöntem ve uygulamalardan yararlandılar. Bu makale kapsamında Romalıların tarihleri boyunca gerek savaş ve muharebe zamanlarında gerekse barış zamanlarında iç denetimi sağlamaya ve dış tehditleri etkisizleştirmeye yönelik istihbarat toplama ihtiyacını hangi yöntemlere başvurarak çözdüklerini seçtiğimiz vakalar ışığında ortaya koymaya çalışacağız.
ANTİK ROMA SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE DAMNATIO MEMORIAE
Authors: AYTÜRE Serpil
Published: June 2022

Siyasi- toplumsal bir kınamayı ve yaptırımı ifade eden damnatio memoriae, lanetlenmiş bir imparatorun maddi ve kültürel mirasının yok edilmesi, aşağılanması ve “anının yeniden yorumlanması” yoluyla olumsuz nitelikleri içinde barındıran bir süreci ortaya koymaktadır. Birini veya bir şeyi kınamak amacıyla geçmişin simgelerine yönelik kültürel baskı biçimleri, günümüzün akademik tartışmalarında da ön planda yer almaktadır. Ancak fiziksel kanıtların yok edilmesi ile gerçekleşen bu girişimler, anıların esasen silinemez oluşu ve iletişim yoluyla varlığını sürdürmesi bakımından bir çelişki yaratmaktadır. Roma İmparatorluk döneminde damnatio memoriae aracılığıyla gerçekleşen kültürel baskının uygulanma amaçlarını ve yöntemlerini incelemek, çağdaş girişimlerimizin motivasyonlarını ve sonuçlarını daha iyi anlamak bakımından da önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada imparatorlara ve imparatorluk ailesine uygulanan yaptırımların onların 'maddi mirası' ile nasıl etkileşime girdiği ve bu etkileşimin bir imparatorun kimliğinin yeniden yorumlanmasında oynadığı rol ele alınarak bu yeniden yaratma sürecinin toplumsal bellek, mahkum ve halefinin imajı üzerindeki sonuçları, Roma İmparatorluk dönemi’ndeki seçilmiş örnekler temelinde incelenmiştir.
KAYSERİ ARKEOLOJİ MÜZESİNDE BULUNAN HİTİTÇE TABLET PARÇALARI II
Authors: BOZGUN Şafak
Published: June 2022

Boğazköy’de ortaya çıkarılan, Hitit (İmparatorluk) Dönemi’ne ait beş adet çiviyazılı tablet (fragmanı), 1932 yılından itibaren Kayseri Arkeoloji Müzesinde bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan (Kayseri 285-ABoT 63=) ABoT 1.63, 1948 yılında yayınlanmış ve “II.Muršili’nin Yıllıklarına” ait olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer ikisi Kutlama/Festival Ritüeli (Kayseri 286, Kayseri 287) metinleri olup 2021 yılında yayınlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Kayseri 289 ve Kayseri 290 envanter numaralı tabletler ele alınmış ve filolojik değerlendirmeleri sunulmuştur.
ALEXANDRIA TROAS’TAN BİR DOKUMA AĞIRLIĞI
Authors: BURULDAĞ Erdinç
Published: June 2022

Troas’ın liman kentlerinden biri olan Alexandria Troas, bölgede Hellenistik Dönem’de kurulduğu öngörülen tek yerleşim olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Kent, MÖ 1. yüzyıl sonlarında bir Roma kolonisine dönüştürülmüş ve Roma İmparatorluk çağı boyunca en parlak dönemini yaşamıştır. Bizans Dönemi boyunca varlığını sürdüren kentte halen devam eden kazı çalışmaları ile Alexandria Troas’ın forum ve agora bölümleri gün ışığına çıkarılırken, araştırmalar sırasında bu üç dönemin yani Hellenistik, Roma ve Bizans Dönemlerinden izlere rastlanmaktadır. Bu geniş zaman aralığına tarihlendirilebilen arkeolojik bulguların yanında, ait olduğu dönem hususuna kuşku ile yaklaşılan eserler de mevcut olup, bunların başında, dokuma ağırlıkları gelmektedir. Bu sebepten ötürü, mevcut çalışmanın konusunu, kentin forum ve agorası arasındaki bir noktada bulunan KP Doğu 3 açmasında saptanmış olan bir dokuma ağırlığı oluşturmaktadır. Form ve ağırlığı bakımından değerlendirildiğinde eserin tarihlendirilmesi oldukça güç olsa da tepe noktasında bulunan harflerin oluşturuluş biçimleri, alandaki diğer buluntu grubu ile paralellik göstererek, söz konusu dokuma ağırlığının Roma Devrine ait olduğuna işaret etmektedir.
KÜLTEPE TABLETLERİNDE DERİ VE DERİ TİCARETİ
Authors: EROL Hakan
Published: June 2022

Asurlu tüccarlar, Asur Ticaret Kolonileri Dönemi’nde, Anadolu’daki şehir devletlerinde Asur’dan getirdikleri temel ürünler olan kalay ve çeşitli yün kumaşların dışında, Anadolu menşeli bakır ve yün gibi ürünlerin de ticaretini yaparak kazançlarını artırma gayreti içinde olmuşlardır. Tüccarların Anadolu içinde ticaretini yaptıkları bu ürünlere yine Anadolu şehirlerinden tedarik edilen deri ya da post da eklenebilir. Kültepe tabletlerinde “deri” veya “post” anlamında ārum ve maškum adında iki temel terim kayıtlıdır. Toplamda 100’den fazla belgede geçen bu terimlerden özellikle maškum-deri ticari ürün olarak metinlere daha fazla yansımıştır ve yüzlercesinin alınıp satıldığına ya da bir yerden başka yere nakledildiğine dair kayıtlar bulunmaktadır. Metinlerde toplam 45 ārum deri; 1674 maškum-deri kayıtlıdır; ilaveten üç farklı belgede yaklaşık 42 talent ağırlığında maškum-deri kaydı bulunmaktadır. ārum ve maškum terimleri arasında, derinin hangi özelliklerine dair bir fark olduğu açık değildir. Fakat bu kelimeler derinin elde edildiği hayvanlar açısından değil, biçim ya da herhangi bir işlemden geçip geçmediği bakımımdan bir farka işaret edebilirler. Belgelerde ārum-deri büyükbaş hayvanlar dışında başka bir hayvanın derisini tanımlamamaktadır, ancak büyükbaş hayvan derisi için maškum terimi de kullanılmıştır.
Deri tabaklama işleminin insanoğlunun üretim teknikleri bakımından ustalaştığı en eski işlerden biri olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu bakımdan, Eski Asur Ticaret Kolonileri Dönemi’nde de deri tabaklama işleminin bilindiği ve uygulandığı açıktır, fakat Kültepe belgelerinde tabaklanmış deriyi diğer post ya da ham deriden ayırt etmemizi sağlayacak net bir delil bulunmamaktadır. Diğer taraftan, CAD A/II, s. 318a’da, İbranicede “deri/post” anlamındaki ‘ōr kelimesiyle ilişkilendirilen ārum-deri, CAD E, 320b’de “çıplak, boş” anlamı verilen erû ve CDA s. 80a’da “çıplak olmak” anlamı verilen a/arûm ve bu kelimeden türetilmiş “çıplak” anlamı verilen erium ile ilişkili olabilir. Dolayısıyla, ārum terimi bir tür işlemden geçirilerek yününden/kılından arındırılmış, yani bir şekilde tabaklanmış deri için kullanılmış olabilir.
ATRIYA AND STRATONIKEIA IN THE LATE BRONZE AGE: SOME REMARKS ON CARIAN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY
Authors: OĞUZHANOĞLU Umay
Published: June 2022

The evaluation of the Hittite and Luwian inscriptions that mention Western Anatolia, and the extended archaeological research on the Bronze Age have led to an increase in knowledge and arguments about the historical geography of Western Anatolia. But the poor source of documents about Western Anatolia has made the research more challenging. It is known that one of the old names of the city of Stratonikeia, which is located on the Yatagan Plain in Muğla and is among the important cities of the region, is Idrias. It is suggested that Atriya can be localized within the territorium of Stratonikeia considering the phonetic similarity with Atriya mentioned in Hittite documents. This study aims to contribute to the arguments on this subject by evaluating some of the recent findings in Stratonikeia concerning the Late Bronze Age and the studies on historical geography. Among the ceramic samples of the Late Helladic III period found in the Stratonikeia territory, there has been added some other ceramic samples such as the ones found in the Tasavlu region in 2009, under the Heroon of Hierocles in the city center of Stratonikeia during the excavations in 2018, and in the Değirmendere region during the excavations by the Muğla Museum in 2018-2019. When the routes followed by some Hittite Kings during their travels to the west, the arguments concerning the location of the cities within the Yatağan Plain and Çine (Marsyas) Creek Valley, and the archaeological findings combined, it is concluded that localizing Atriya within these areas is a reasonable proposal.
YENİ ASUR İMPARATORLUĞU’NDA SARAY RÖLYEFLERİNİN VE ANITLARIN PROPAGANDA ARACI OLARAK KULLANIMI
Authors: TOPTAŞ Koray
Published: June 2022

MÖ 934-612 yılları arasında siyasi, askeri, ekonomik ve idari anlamda güçlü bir imparatorluk kuran Asurlular, başarılarını emperyalist ideolojilerini gerçekleştirmek için kullandıkları uygulamalar ve araçlara borçluydular. Bu unsurların başında propaganda araçları gelmektedir. Yazılı ve görsel materyallerden oluşan bu araçlar hâkim ideolojiyi yönetilen halka aktarmada ve düşmanlara Asur’un gücünü göstermek için etkili bir şekilde kullanmaktaydılar. Bu çalışmada etkili birer propaganda araçları olan rölyefler ve anıtlar ele alınacaktır. Yeni Asur kralları Yakındoğu’da güçlü bir devlet vücuda getirdikten sonra imar faaliyetlerini artırmış ve inşa ettikleri saraylarda bir imparatorluk ikonografyası yaratmaya önem vermişlerdir. Ayrıca askeri sefer düzenlenen uzak bölgelere ve Asur sınırlarına anıtlar dikmişlerdir. Asur nüfusunun ve düşman toplulukların büyük bir bölümünün okuma yazma bilmediği düşünüldüğünde görme duyusuna dayalı bu propaganda araçlarının mesajın tüm hedef kitleye ulaşmasında önemli bir yerde olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Vehicle Detection from Aerial Images with Object and Motion Detection
Authors: DELİBAŞOĞLU İbrahim
Published: June 2022

Moving vehicle detection is one of important issues in surveillance and traffic monitoring applications for aerial images. In this study, a vehicle detection method is proposed by combining motion and object detection. A method based on background modeling and subtraction is applied for motion detection, while Faster-RCNN architecture is used for object detection. Motion detection result is enhanced with the proposed superpixel based refinement method. Experimental study shows that performance of motion detection increases about 8\% for $F_1$ metric with the proposed post processing method. Object detection, motion detection and superpixel segmentation methods interact with each other in parallel processes with the proposed software architecture, which significantly increases the working speed of the method. In last step of the proposed method, each vehicle is tracked with the kalman filter. The performance of proposed method is evaluated on the VIVID dataset. The performance evaluation shows that proposed method increases $F_1$ and recall values significantly compared to the motion and object detection methods alone. It also outperforms SCBU and MCD methods which are widely used for performance comparison in motion detection studies in the literature
A New Approach For Smarandache Curves
Authors: KAYA NURKAN Semra , GÜVEN İlkay
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we introduce new adjoint curves which are associated curves in Euclidean space of three dimension. They are generated with the help of integral curves of special Smarandache curves. We attain some connections between Frenet apparatus of these new adjoint curves and main curve. We characterize these curves in which conditions they are general helix and slant helix. Finally, we exemplify them with figures.
Modified Finite Difference Method for Solution of Two-interval Boundary Value Problems with Transition Conditions
Authors: ÇAVUŞOĞLU Semih , MUKHTAROV Oktay
Published: June 2022

In this study, we have proposed a new modification of classical Finite Difference Method (FDM) for the solution of boundary value problems which are defined on two disjoint intervals and involved additional transition conditions at an common end of these intervals. The proposed modification of FDM differs from the classical FDM in calculating the iterative terms of numerical solutions. To illustrate the efficiency and reliability of the proposed modification of FDM some examples are solved. The obtained results are compared with those obtained by the standart FDM and by the analytical method. Corresponding graphical illustration are also presented.
Bertrand Curves and B-Lift Curves in Lorentzian 3-Space
Authors: ALTINKAYA Anıl , ÇALIŞKAN Mustafa
Published: June 2022

In this article, based on Thorpe's definition, we define a new curve called the B-lift curve in Lorentzian 3-space and examine the Frenet vectors of the B-lift curve. Furthermore, we examine the relationship between the Frenet vectors of the Bertrand curve and the Frenet vectors of the natural lift curve. Finally, we give an example on these results.
A Numerical Method for Solving Singularly Perturbed Quasilinear Boundary Value Problems on Shishkin Mesh
Authors: DURU Hakkı , DEMİRBAŞ Mutlu
Published: June 2022

In this paper, singularly perturbed quasilinear boundary value problems are taken into account. With this purpose, a finite difference scheme is proposed on Shishkin-type mesh (S-mesh). Quasilinearization technique and interpolating quadrature rules are used to establish the numerical scheme. Then, an error estimate is derived. A numerical experiment is demonstratedto verify the theory.
The Properties of Projective, Concircular and Conharmonic Curvature Tensor Fields on a Complex Sasakian Manifold
Authors: TURGUT VANLI Aysel
Published: June 2022

In this article, the properties of projective, concircular and conharmonic curvature tensor fields on a complex Sasakian manifold are investigated.
Third Order Convergent Finite Difference Method for the Third Order Boundary Value Problem in ODEs
Authors: PANDEY Pramod
Published: June 2022

We propose a third order convergent finite-difference method for the approximate solution of the boundary value problems. We developed our numerical technique by employing Taylor series expansion and method of undetermined coefficients. The convergence property of the proposed finite difference method discussed. To demonstrate the computational accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method numerical results presented.
Some New Inequalities via Berezin Numbers
Authors: HUBAN Mualla Birgül , BAŞARAN Hamdullah , GÜRDAL Mehmet
Published: June 2022

The Berezin transform $\widetilde{T}$ and the Berezin radius of an operator

$T$ on the reproducing kernel Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}\left( Q\right) $

over some set $Q$ with the reproducing kernel $K_{\eta}$ are defined,

respectively, by

\[

\widetilde{T}(\eta)=\left\langle {T\frac{K_{\eta}}{{\left\Vert K_{\eta

}\right\Vert }},\frac{K_{\eta}}{{\left\Vert K_{\eta}\right\Vert }}%

}\right\rangle ,\ \eta\in Q\text{ and }\mathrm{ber}(T):=\sup_{\eta\in

Q}\left\vert \widetilde{T}{(\eta)}\right\vert .

\]

We study several sharp inequalities by using this bounded function

$\widetilde{T},$ involving powers of the Berezin radius and the Berezin norms

of reproducing kernel Hilbert space operators. We also give some inequalities

regarding the Berezin transforms of sum of two operators.
Frenet Frames of Trigonometric B'ezier Curves
Authors: CEYLAN Ayşe Yılmaz , TURHAN Tunahan , ÖZKAN TÜKEL Gözde
Published: June 2022

The geometry of curves and surfaces plays a very important role in computer-aided geometric design (CAGD). The goal of this paper is to construct the Frenet frames of trigonometric B\'ezier curves in Euclidean $ 2 $ and $ 3- $space. Especially, the curvatures of these curves are investigated at the beginning and the ending points.
On Weakly e*-θ-open Functions and Their Characterizations
Authors: AYHAN Burcu Sünbül
Published: June 2022

The main aim of this paper is to introduce and study a new class of weakly open functions called weakly e*-θ-open functions via e*-θ-open sets [13], which is a stronger concept than weakly e*-open functions [22]. Moreover, we obtain various characterizations of weakly e*-θ-open functions and investigate some of their fundamental properties. In additon, we investigate not only the relationships of these functions with some othertypes of existing topological functions, but also several basic results related to connectedness, e*θ-connectedness [5] and hyperconnectedness [18].
Some Results On Silver Riemannian Structures
Authors: ÇAKAN AKPINAR Rabia
Published: June 2022

Our aim in this paper is to study of silver Riemannian structures on manifold and bundle. An integrability condition and curvature properties for silver Riemannian structure are investigated via the Tachibana operator. Twin silver Riemannian metric is defined and some properties of twin silver Riemannian metric are investigated. Examples of silver structure are given on tangent and cotangent bundles.
Solutions Formulas for Three-dimensional Difference Equations System with Constant Coefficients
Authors: KARA Merve , YAZLİK Yasin
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we study the following three-dimensional system of difference equations

\begin{equation*}

x_{n}=\frac{ax_{n-3}z_{n-2}+b}{cy_{n-1}z_{n-2}x_{n-3}}, \ y_{n}=\frac{ay_{n-3}x_{n-2}+b}{cz_{n-1}x_{n-2}y_{n-3}}, \ z_{n}=\frac{az_{n-3}y_{n-2}+b}{cx_{n-1}y_{n-2}z_{n-3}}, \ n\in \mathbb{N}_{0},

\end{equation*}

where the parameters $a, b, c$ and the

initial values $x_{-j},y_{-j},z_{-j}$, $j \in \{1,2,3\}$, are real numbers. We solve aforementioned system in explicit form. Then, we investigate the solutions in 3 different cases depending on whether the parameters are zero or non-zero. In addition, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the theoretical results. Finally, an application is given for solutions are related to Fibonacci numbers when $a=b=c=1$.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hypersoft Separation Axioms
Authors: YOLCU Adem , KARATAŞ Elif , ÖZTÜRK Taha Yasin
Published: June 2022

In the present paper, we introduce the notion of $T_{i}$ $(i=0,1,2,3,4)$ separation axioms in intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft topological spaces and discuss some of its properties. By using this notions, we also give some basic theorems of separation axioms in intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft topological spaces. Finally, we present hereditary property of intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft topological spaces.
On Some Classes of Generalized Recurrent α-Cosymplectic Manifolds
Authors: YOLDAŞ Halil İbrahim
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we concentrate on hyper generalized $\varphi-$recurrent $\alpha-$cosymplectic manifolds and quasi generalized $\varphi-$recurrent $\alpha-$cosymplectic manifolds and obtain some significant characterizations which classify such manifolds.
Existence Results for Hybrid Stochastic Differential Equations Involving $\psi$-Hilfer Fractional Derivative
Authors: VİVEK Dvivek , ELSAYED Elsayed , K. Kangarajan
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we discuss the existence of solutions for hybrid stochastic differential equations (HSDEs) with the $\psi$-Hilfer fractional derivative. The main tool used in our study is associated with the technique of fixed point theorems due to Dhage.
Changes in Mechanical, Structural Integrity and Microbiological Properties Following Cryopreservation of Human Cadaveric Iliac Arteries
Authors: Chang Stephen KY , Lau Joel WL , Chui Chee Kong
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The study seeks to investigate how the duration of storage of cryopreserved human cadaveric iliac arteries impacts their mechanical, structural and microbiological properties as compared to their fresh sample. Materials and Methods: Iliac arteries were harvested from 12 human cadavers and divided into 2 groups. One group underwent mechanical stress-strain assessment immediately and another was cryopreserved for a pre-determined time-period (range, 29 to 364 days). Mechanical functionality was assessed with a customised clamping mechanism. The arteries’ microbiological properties were studied pre- and post-cryopreservation. The post-thawed arteries were also assessed histologically for structural integrity. Results: Of the 12 pairs, only 7 (58, 119, 150, 252, 300, 332 and 364 days) iliac arteries were included in the final analysis. The other 5 pairs (29, 90, 188, 205 and 270 days) had abundant local calcification and their stress-strain curves could not be characterised. From the curves, pre- and post-cryopreserved arteries had the most similar mechanical properties when stored for 119 days. A trend of increasing relative stiffness with increased duration of storage was noted. The post-thawed arteries demonstrated minimal fragmentation except in atherosclerotic areas. Majority of the arteries were not contaminated by bacterial or fungal infection pre- and post-cryopreservation. Also, 2 arteries (364 and 332 days) which had initial bacterial colonisation showed no bacterial growth on their post-thawed sample. Conclusion: Mechanically, non-atherosclerotic cryopreserved arteries can be a good substitute to their corresponding fresh arterial graft. However, the length of cryopreservation has an effect on the relative stiffness of the pre- and post-cryopreserved arteries. Histological and microbiological findings suggest that cryopreservation have little impact on an artery structural integrity and may possibly have a role in maintaining sterility and sterilising the arteries.

Key words: Arterial allograft, Human arteries, Stress-strain curves, Vascular cryopreservation
Survey of Respiratory Virus in Patients Hospitalised for Acute Exacerbations of Heart Failure – A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Chan Candice YY , Low Jenny GH , Wyone Wyiki , Oon Lynette LE , Tan Ban Hock
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Respiratory virus (RV) infections have been implicated in acute exacerbation of cardiopulmonary conditions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of RV infections in patients admitted to the cardiology unit with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Materials and Methods: This was a single-centre, prospective observational study. A total of 194 adults (aged >21) admitted to the Singapore General Hospital with ADHF were recruited. A nasopharyngeal swab was taken for multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of influenza virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human coronavirus (HcoV), adenovirus, human bocavirus (HboV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Results: Twenty-five (13%) had RVs detected by RV multiplex PCR. These comprised 9 rhinoviruses (36%), 4 influenza A viruses (16%), 3 HPIV (12%), 3 HCoV (12%), 2 adenoviruses (8%), 1 human HBoV (4%), 1 hMPV (4%), and 1 RSV (4%). Symptoms-wise, cough was significantly more common in the PCR-positive group (48% vs 24%, P = 0.02). There were no statistically significant differences in laboratory investigations (haemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-muscle/brain, troponin T), and radiology findings between RV PCR-positive and -negative groups. The PCR-positive group did not have increased mortality or length of hospital stay. Conclusion: This study identified a considerable burden of RVs in our ADHF cohort, and highlights the need for prevention of RVs in this group of patients. We also recognised the difficulty with clinical diagnosis of  RVs in ADHF patients.

Key words: Cardiac failure, Heart disease, Influenza, Respiratory tract infections, Respiratory virus infections
Growth Assessment and Monitoring during Childhood
Authors: Yap Fabian , Lee Yung Seng , Aw Marion Margaret HY
Published: June 2022

Growth is an indicator of the health and nutritional status of infants and children. Health organisations and professionals worldwide advocate monitoring the growth of children with the primary aim of identifying and preventing malnutrition and/or obesity. Growth monitoring should be part of every health care consultation for children. However, physicians during health care consultations are often so busy addressing acute health issues, that they miss the opportunity to monitor the child’s growth and provide anticipatory guidance. Appropriate growth monitoring would enable health care providers to detect abnormal growth in a timely manner, as well as to reassure parents if their concerns are unfounded. To perform this effectively, physicians need to be familiar with measurement methods, use of appropriate growth charts and interpretation of results. As weight, height and growth rates may vary among children, physicians also need to understand what constitutes normal growth. This paper aims to clarify the purpose of growth monitoring and provide recommendations for physicians to assess, monitor and manage growth in infants and children in a primary care setting.

Key words: Body mass index, Child, Height, Weight