bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Turbine Cooling Technologies
Authors: Olczak Dariusz , Jaworski Maciej
Published: May 2023

Modern gas turbines operate in very demanding thermomechanical conditions. The operating temperatures are typically higher than material capability, which requires the parts to be cooled. This work aims to provide a concise overview of the current cooling methods and heat transfer mechanisms occurring in modern gas turbines, including different types of turbulence promoters, impingement, film cooling, microcooling, and the impact of recent applications of additive manufacturing.
Impact of Aspect Ratio on Drag and Flow Structure for Cylinders With Two Free Ends
Authors: Shepard Thomas , Law Deify , Dahl Jacob , Reichstadt Rhett , Selvamani Arun Sriniwas
Published: May 2023

When examining the literature for flow effects on circular cylinders one can find many studies on infinite cylinders and cantilevered cylinders but minimal data related to cylinders with two free ends (Shepard, T., Law, D., Dahl, J., Reichstadt, R., and Selvamani, A. S., 2022, “Impact of Aspect Ratio on Drag and Flow Structure for Cylinders With Two Free Ends,” ASME Paper No. V001T03A031.). The limited data available shows that the cylinder aspect ratio affects the drag and frequency content of flow within the wake however these studies were done at discreet Reynolds numbers. In order to better understand the combined impact of aspect ratio and Reynolds number a series of wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations has been conducted for cylinders with two free ends having aspect ratios of 2–15. Tests were carried out in the subcritical regime with Reynolds numbers ranging 13000–105,000. Tip vortex effects, which vary with aspect ratio, are shown to impact the cylinder surface pressure, drag coefficient, and wake Strouhal numbers though Reynolds number effects are minor for the conditions studied. The results are compared against existing historical data and show the trend of drag coefficient increasing with cylinder aspect ratio (Shepard, T., Law, D., Dahl, J., Reichstadt, R., and Selvamani, A. S., 2022, “Impact of Aspect Ratio on Drag and Flow Structure for Cylinders With Two Free Ends,” ASME Paper No. V001T03A031).
Entangling microwaves with light
Authors: Sahu R. , Qiu L. , Hease W. , Arnold G. , Minoguchi Y. , Rabl P. , Fink J. M.
Published: May 2023

Quantum entanglement is a key resource in currently developed quantum technologies. Sharing this fragile property between superconducting microwave circuits and optical or atomic systems would enable new functionalities, but this has been hindered by an energy scale mismatch of >10
4
and the resulting mutually imposed loss and noise. In this work, we created and verified entanglement between microwave and optical fields in a millikelvin environment. Using an optically pulsed superconducting electro-optical device, we show entanglement between propagating microwave and optical fields in the continuous variable domain. This achievement not only paves the way for entanglement between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength light, but also has wide-ranging implications for hybrid quantum networks in the context of modularization, scaling, sensing, and cross-platform verification.
Technical comment on “Fairness considerations in global mitigation investments”
Authors: Semieniuk Gregor , Ghosh Jayati , Folbre Nancy
Published: May 2023

In an otherwise excellent analysis of fair regional shares of global mitigation investments, Pachauri
et al
. (Policy Forum, 9 December 2022, p. 1057) dramatically overestimate developing countries’ ‘capability’ to invest by estimating GDP using purchasing power parity exchange rates. Since internationally sourced investment goods must be paid for at market exchange rates, capability-based interregional finance flows should be vastly larger.
Response to comment on “Fairness considerations in global mitigation investments”
Authors: Pachauri Shonali , Pelz Setu , Bertram Christoph , Rao Narasimha D. , Riahi Keywan
Published: May 2023

We welcome the analysis of Semieniuk
et al
. (

1

) as an additional sensitivity to illustrate a more extreme distribution of regional contributions to climate mitigation investments that supports our main conclusion regarding the North‐South divide in mitigation investment capabilities. In response to Semieniuk
et al
. we would like to first point out that, in defining the required global mitigation investments for the 2020 to 2030 period, our study relies on the estimates in the sixth assessment report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) WGIII (

2

). These are based on diverse sources and underlying models that to varying degrees reflect regional differences in technology costs and consider both purchasing power parity (PPP) and market exchange rates (MERs). We use these IPCC estimates as a starting point and focus entirely on the question of how much of the needed regional investments, given different fairness considerations, should be financed from sources within a region.
Global loss of lake water storage
Authors: Cooley Sarah W.
Published: May 2023

Drying trends are prevalent worldwide
Benchtop DNA synthesis raises alarms
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: May 2023

Report calls for safeguards against misuse for bioterror
Australia’s rock art threatened by development
Authors: Normile Dennis
Published: May 2023

Petrochemical pollution is eroding world-famous Murujuga petroglyphs, scientists warn
Penicillin-Binding Protein 5/6 Acting as a Decoy Target in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Identified by Whole-Cell Receptor Binding and Quantitative Systems Pharmacology
Authors: López-Argüello Silvia , Montaner Maria , Sayed Alaa RM. , Oliver Antonio , Bulitta Jürgen B. , Moya Bartolome
Published: May 2023

The β-lactam antibiotics have been successfully used for decades to combat susceptible
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, which has a notoriously difficult to penetrate outer membrane (OM). However, there is a dearth of data on target site penetration and covalent binding of penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) for β-lactams and β-lactamase inhibitors in intact bacteria.
Microbiome and Resistome Profiles along a Sewage-Effluent-Reservoir Trajectory Underline the Role of Natural Attenuation in Wastewater Stabilization Reservoirs
Authors: Leão Inês , Khalifa Leron , Gallois Nicolas , Vaz-Moreira Ivone , Klümper Uli , Youdkes Daniel , Palmony Shaked , Dagai Lotan , Berendonk Thomas U. , Merlin Christophe , Manaia Célia M. , Cytryn Eddie
Published: May 2023

Wastewater treatment plants are sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can contaminate receiving aquatic environments and contribute to antibiotic resistance. We focused on a controlled experimental system comprising a semicommercial membrane-aerated bioreactor (MABR) that treated raw sewage, whose effluents fed a 4,500-L polypropylene basin that mimicked effluent stabilization reservoirs.
Environmental and Taxonomic Drivers of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Production in Marine Ecosystems
Authors: Biller Steven J. , Coe Allison , Arellano Aldo A. , Dooley Keven , Silvestri Samantha M. , Gong Jacqueline S. , Yeager Emily A. , Becker Jamie W. , Chisholm Sallie W.
Published: May 2023

Bacteria release extracellular vesicles that contain a wide variety of cellular compounds, including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, into their surrounding environment. These structures are found in diverse microbial habitats, including the oceans, where their distributions vary throughout the water column and likely affect their functional impacts within microbial ecosystems.
Vector Affinity and Receptor Distribution Define Tissue-Specific Targeting in an Engineered AAV Capsid
Authors: Martino R. Alexander , Wang Qiang , Xu Hao , Hu Gui , Bell Peter , Arroyo Edgardo J. , Sims Joshua J. , Wilson James M.
Published: May 2023

Novel methods for measuring adeno-associated virus (AAV)-receptor affinities, especially in relation to vector performance
in vivo
, would be useful to capsid engineers as they develop AAV vectors for gene therapy applications and characterize their interactions with native or engineered receptors. Here, we use the AAV-PHP.B-Ly6a model system to assess the impact of receptor affinity on the systemic delivery and endothelial penetration properties of AAV-PHP.B vectors.
Conserved Characteristics of NMPylation Activities of Alpha- and Betacoronavirus NiRAN Domains
Authors: Slanina Heiko , Madhugiri Ramakanth , Wenk Kai , Reinke Tess , Schultheiß Karin , Schultheis Julia , Karl Nadja , Linne Uwe , Ziebuhr John
Published: May 2023

There is strong evidence that coronaviruses and other large nidoviruses evolved a number of unique enzymatic activities, including an additional RdRp-associated NiRAN domain, that are conserved in nidoviruses but not in most other RNA viruses. Previous studies of the NiRAN domain mainly focused on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and suggested different functions for this domain, such as NMPylation/RNAylation of nsp9, RNA guanylyltransferase activities involved in canonical and/or unconventional RNA capping pathways, and other functions.
OpaR Exerts a Dynamic Control over c-di-GMP Homeostasis and
cpsA
Expression in
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
through Its Regulation of ScrC and the Trigger Phosphodiesterase TpdA
Authors: Zamorano-Sánchez David , Alejandre-Sixtos Jesús E. , Arredondo-Hernández Adilene , Martínez-Méndez Raquel
Published: May 2023

The second messenger c-di-GMP is extensively used by bacterial cells to control crucial social adaptations such as biofilm formation. Here, we explore the role of the quorum-sensing regulator OpaR, from the human pathogen
V. parahaemolyticus
, on the dynamic control of c-di-GMP signaling and biofilm-matrix production.
Single-Molecule Approach to 16S rRNA for Vaginal Microbiome Signatures in Response to Metronidazole Treatment
Authors: Qin Hanyu , Jiao Jiao , A Disi , Hua Mingxi , Han Kai , Du Haonan , Wang Zhen , Li Jiarui , Zhang Dai , Xiao Bingbing , Chen Chen
Published: May 2023

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common infectious disease of the reproductive tract. Metronidazole treatment, as the first line of treatment, frequently fails at recovery of the microbiome.
The Influence of Adjuvant Type on the Immunogenicity of RBD/N Cocktail Antigens as a Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Authors: Brzuska Gabriela , Zimna Marta , Baranska Klaudia , Szewczyk Boguslaw , Strakova Petra , Ruzek Daniel , Krol Ewelina
Published: May 2023

Although several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved worldwide, continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants calls for new efficient vaccines against them, providing long-lasting immunity. As the immune response after vaccination is dependent not only on antigen used, but also on other vaccine components, e.g., adjuvants, the purpose of this work was to study the effect of different adjuvants on the immunogenicity of RBD/N SARS-CoV-2 cocktail proteins.
16S rRNA-Based Microbiota Profiling Assists Conventional Culture Analysis of Airway Samples from Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Kristensen Maartje , de Koff Emma M. , Chu Mei Ling , Groendijk Simone , Tramper-Stranders Gerdien A. , de Winter-de Groot Karin M. , Janssens Hettie M. , Tiddens Harm A. , van Westreenen Mireille , Sanders Elisabeth A. M. , Arets Bert H. G. M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Prevaes Sabine M. P. J. , Bogaert Debby
Published: May 2023

Early and effective treatment of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis is vital to prevent chronic lung damage. Although microbial diagnostics and treatment decisions are still based on conventional culture methods, research is gradually focusing more on microbiome and metagenomic-based approaches.
Human Anelloviruses: Influence of Demographic Factors, Recombination, and Worldwide Diversity
Authors: Cebriá-Mendoza María , Beamud Beatriz , Andreu-Moreno Iván , Arbona Cristina , Larrea Luís , Díaz Wladimiro , Sanjuán Rafael , Cuevas José M.
Published: May 2023

Anelloviruses are the most common human infectious viruses and are considered essentially harmless. Compared to other human viruses, they are characterized by enormous diversity, and recombination is suggested to play an important role in their diversification and evolution.
Supplemental Material: Age and origin of Early Cretaceous magmatism in the southernmost Omineca Belt, northern U.S. Cordillera
Authors: Gaschnig Richard M. , et al.
Published: May 2023

Supplemental Text S1: Kaniksu batholith geochronology results, with sample-by-sample descriptions. Figure S1: Tera-Wasserburg diagrams and associated weighted mean plots showing U-Pb zircon results for the Kaniksu peraluminous suite. Figure S2: Tera-Wasserburg diagrams and associated weighted mean plots showing U-Pb zircon results for the Kaniksu metaluminous suite. Figure S3: Tera Wasserburg diagrams and associated weighted mean plots showing U-Pb zircon results for the Kaniksu alkalic suite. Table S1: Zircon U-Pb data. Table S2: Zircon Hf isotope data.
Glucocorticoids Orchestrate Adult Hippocampal Plasticity: Growth Points and Translational Aspects
Authors: Gulyaeva Natalia V.
Published: May 2023

The review analyzes modern concepts about the control of various mechanisms of the hippocampal neuroplasticity in adult mammals and humans by glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid hormones ensure the coordinated functioning of key components and mechanisms of hippocampal plasticity: neurogenesis, glutamatergic neurotransmission, microglia and astrocytes, systems of neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, proteases, metabolic hormones, neurosteroids. Regulatory mechanisms are diverse; along with the direct action of glucocorticoids through their receptors, there are conciliated glucocorticoid-dependent effects, as well as numerous interactions between various systems and components. Despite the fact that many connections in this complex regulatory scheme have not yet been established, the study of the factors and mechanisms considered in the work forms growth points in the field of glucocorticoid-regulated processes in the brain and primarily in the hippocampus. These studies are fundamentally important for the translation into the clinic and the potential treatment/prevention of common diseases of the emotional and cognitive spheres and respective comorbid conditions.
19 The inflammation in the pathology of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Wiesinger Anna-Maria , Lagler Florian , Bigger Brian , Kampmann Christoph , Giugliani Roberto , Scarpa Maurizio
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare lysosomal storage diseases caused by different enzyme deficiencies that lead to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in lysosomes and the extracellular matrix. This storage-induced inflammation is a key driver of cytopathology in MPS, and pharmacological immunomodulation can improve brain, cartilage and bone symptoms in rodents. As the approved enzyme replacement therapy cannot stop the progression of CNS involvement and several other symptoms, we develop a rational for personalized treatment to address the unmet clinical need in MPS patients.

Methods

First, we conducted comprehensive literature reviews on MPS type specific inflammatory immune response and on the safety and efficacy of Adalimumab, Infliximab, Abatacept, Alemtuzumab, Anakinra. Second, by expert consensus top candidates for innovative personalized drug repurposing in MPS patients were identified and ranked.

Results

The key process is the upregulation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) pathway induced by the accumulation of heparan sulfate (HS) in MPS type I, II and III. This and other relevant mech-anisms indicate TNF-alpha and IL-1 as most promising targets. Systematic analysis of the clinical pharmacology of all relevant candidates and several expert focus group meetings identified Anakinra, Adalimumab, Cladribine and Abatacept as top candidate’s dependent on the individual clinical situation.

Conclusions

These results provide the rational for individual treatment trials (ITTs) with the aim to evaluate immunomodulatory molecules, repurposed in MPS. Furthermore, they will – together with the results of the ITTs – be utilized for the development of a decision tool for the personalized treatment of unmet clinical needs in these patients.
36 Mapping variation between national and local clinical practice guidelines for acute paediatric asthma from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands
Authors: Koldeweij Charlotte , Clarke Jonathan , Rodriguez Gonzalvez Carmen , Nijman Joppe , Maconochie Ian , Appelbaum Nicholas
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Increasingly, hospitals rely on local clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) alongside national guidance to standardise clinical care. This study examines variation between national and local CPGs, using the example of acute paediatric asthma (APA) CPGs from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.

Methods

Fifteen British and Dutch local CPGs were collected with the matching national guidance for the management of APA. The drug sequences, routes and methods of administration recommended for patients with severe APA were represented. Deviations from national guidance were measured. Variation in recommended doses of intravenous salbutamol was examined. CPG quality was assessed using the AGREE II instrument.

Results

British and Dutch national CPGs differed in the recommended drug choices, sequences, routes and methods of administration for severe APA. Local British CPGs diverged from national guidance for 23% of their recommended interventions compared to 8% for Dutch local CPGs. Variation in second-line recommendations was greater than for first-line recommendations across local CPGs from both countries. Recommended starting doses for salbutamol infusions varied by more than tenfold. The quality of the sampled local CPGs was low across five out of six AGREE domains (<60%).

Conclusions

Local CPGs for the management of severe APA featured substantial variation and frequently diverged from national guidance. Their methodological quality was low. Although limited to one condition, this study suggests that unmeasured variation across local CPGs may contribute to variation of care more broadly, potentially undermining healthcare quality.
Arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, cholestasis syndrome in a neonate: an uncommon association of common problems
Authors: Saad Aamina , Chauhan Avantika , Tripathi Shalini , Kumar Mala
Published: May 2023

A male infant born out of non-consanguineous marriage to a primigravida presented to us as his third hospitalisation with ichthyotic lesions all over the body, cholestatic jaundice, multiple joint contractures and a history of recurrent sepsis. Blood and urine investigations revealed Fanconi syndrome, hypothyroidism and direct hyperbilirubinaemia with elevated liver enzymes and normal gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels. The combination of arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction and cholestasis led to the suspicion of arthrogryposis, renal tubular dysfunction, cholestasis (ARC) syndrome, which was then proved by genetic testing. The baby was managed conservatively with respiratory support, antibiotics, multivitamins, levothyroxine and other supportive measures but succumbed to the illness on day 15 of hospitalisation. Genetic analysis using next-generation sequencing was confirmatory of a homozygous mutation in VIPAS39 gene leading to ARC syndrome type 2 in the present case. Genetic counselling was provided and prenatal testing was advised to the parents for future pregnancies.
Realization of Schmitt Trigger Using Single DXCCII and its Utility as an Adjustable Waveform Generator
Authors: Kumar Atul
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a Schmitt trigger (ST) circuit with anti-clockwise hysteresis and its utility as an adjustable square/triangular wave generator. The ST circuit employs a single dual-X second-generation current conveyor and two resistors. The threshold voltages of the circuit are adjustable such that it can also function as a zero crossing detector. The circuit has a wide operational frequency range and also consumes low power. Without using an additional active block, a square/triangular wave generator circuit is also realized within the same circuit topology. The generator circuit uses a single active element, one grounded resistor and one grounded capacitor only. The use of grounded passive components makes the proposed generator circuit easily integrable. Additionally, the generator circuit is adjustable as its duty cycle is tunable by means of an external current source. The generator circuit also has a wide operational frequency range from 2.1 Hz to 19.2 MHz. The theoretical aspects of the proposed circuits are validated via Cadence simulations. Additionally, a prototype of DXCCII, which is implemented by using current feedback operational amplifier ICs AD844, is used to verify the ST experimentally.
On skew-commuting generalized skew derivations in prime and semiprime rings
Authors: Carini Luisa , De Filippis Vincenzo
Published: May 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a noncommutative prime ring of characteristic different from [Formula: see text], with right Martindale quotient ring [Formula: see text] and extended centroid [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be fixed integers and [Formula: see text] a nonzero generalized skew derivation of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we investigate the set [Formula: see text] and prove that its left annihilator in [Formula: see text] is identically zero. Using the above result, we also study the identity [Formula: see text] for semiprime rings.
IMPACT OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS ON THE CHOICE OF A CUSTOM FEMORAL IMPLANT
Authors: KADI M’HAMED , BOUKHAROUBA TAOUFIK , TOUDJI LIZA , HARITI SAMIR , NOUI NABIL
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the effects of both geometric parameters and mineral density on the evolution of stresses generated in a cementless hip implant are investigated to enable orthopedic surgeons to make an appropriate selection. A design of experiment was used, followed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify the effects of geometric and physical parameters in terms of bone density on a femoral implant. Twenty-seven implants of different geometric dimensions were considered, without modification of the topology. Multiple regression analysis was chosen to replace the finite element method to predict the level of stresses generated in the stem, in terms of life expectancy, allowing for optimal geometric parameter selection. Three parameters of the stem were selected, namely, stem length (SL), neck length (NL), and neck shaft angle (NSA), where each parameter is apprehended by three levels. Based on a design (3[Formula: see text], 27 femur–implant CAD models were created, to analyze the effect of three limiting densities (low, medium, and high) for the estimation of maximum stresses by finite elements. The results obtained by ANOVA for the three densities, respectively, for the low density the SL had an impact of the order of 58.5% on the level of von Mises constraints followed by the NL and NSA. For the medium density, it was observed that the SL remains the most influential parameter, with a rate of 41.2%, while for the high density the NL becomes the most influential (37.5%) followed by the SL and the NSA. The regression model used showed very good accuracy in terms of predicting the level of von Mises stress, compared to the results obtained by the finite element method.
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cloud for Software Development: A Case from Turkey
Authors: Pisirir Erhan , Chouseinoglou Oumout , Sevgi Cüneyt , Uçar Erkan
Published: May 2023

Cloud-based solutions for software development activities have been emerging in the last decade. This study aims to develop a hybrid technology adoption model for cloud use in software development activities. It is based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, and the proposed extension Personal–Organization–Project (POP) structure. The methodology selected is a questionnaire-based survey and data are collected through personally administered questionnaire sessions with developers and managers, resulting in 268 responses regarding 84 software development projects from 30 organizations in Turkey, selected by considering company and project sizes and geographical proximity to allow face-to-face response collection. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used for statistical evaluation and hypothesis testing. The final model was reached upon modifications and it was found to explain the intention to adopt and use the cloud for software development meaningfully. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify and understand factors that affect the intention of developing software on the cloud. The developed hybrid model was validated to be used in further technology adoption studies. Upon modifying the conceptual model and discovering new relations, a novel model is proposed to draw the relationships between the identified factors and the actual use, intention to use and perceived suitability. Practical and social implications are drawn from the results to help organizations and individuals make decisions on cloud adoption for software development.
Asm2Seq: Explainable Assembly Code Functional Summary Generation for Reverse Engineering and Vulnerability Analysis
Authors: Taviss Scarlett , Ding Steven H. H. , Zulkernine Mohammad , Charland Philippe , Acharya Sudipta
Published: May 2023

Reverse engineering is the process of understanding the inner working of a software system without having the source code. It is critical for firmware security validation, software vulnerability research, and malware analysis. However, it often requires a significant amount of manual effort. Recently, data-driven solutions were proposed to reduce manual effort by identifying the code clones on the assembly or the source level. However, security analysts still have to understand the matched assembly or source code to develop an understanding of the functionality, and it is assumed that such a matched candidate always exists. This research bridges the gap by introducing the problem of assembly code summarization. Given the assembly code as input, we propose a machine-learning-based system that can produce human-readable summarizations of the functionalities in the context of code vulnerability analysis. We generate the first assembly code to function summary dataset and propose to leverage the encoder-decoder architecture. With the attention mechanism, it is possible to understand what aspects of the assembly code had the largest impact on generating the summary. Our experiment shows that the proposed solution achieves high accuracy and the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score. Finally, we have performed case studies on real-life CVE vulnerability cases to better understand the proposed method’s performance and practical implications.
Unique Electrochemiluminescent Behavior of two Quinolones, Enoxacin and Nadifloxacin, and their Sensing Application
Authors: Xu Panpan , Wang Yue , Liu Mengyao , Xu Tingting , Wang Sufan , Zhu Yinggui
Published: May 2023

This research looked at the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals of two quinolones: Enoxacin (Enox) and Nadifloxacin (Nadf), which were investigated in H3BO3-Na2B4O7 buffered solutions containing the co-reactant K2S2O8. Based on the fluorescence (FL) spectra, ECL spectra, and corresponding ECL experiments, a possible mechanism of the ECL reaction was proposed. The effect of experimental conditions on quinolone ECL behavior was studied and optimized, so we revealed the value of organic molecules as ECL luminophores. According to calculations, Nadifloxacin has a smaller LUMO-HOMO band gap than Enoxacin, making it more suitable for use as a luminophore. Furthermore, we discovered a quenching effect of lead ion (Pb2+) on the ECL signal of Nadifloxacin, and we focused on the Pb2+ quenching mechanism in this system and made reasonable guesses. We invented a novel technique for ECL detection of Pb2+ with high sensitivity and selectivity. This method demonstrates the potential application of ECL in pollution management.
Unpacking and validating the “cell-cell communication” core concept of physiology by an Australian team
Authors: Chopin Lisa K. , Choate Julia , Rathner Joseph A. , Towstoless Michelle , Hayes Alan , Hryciw Deanne H. , Lexis Louise , Tangalakis Kathy ,   Task Force
Published: May 2023

Seven core concepts, including cell-cell communication, were identified by an Australian Delphi task force of physiology educators. The previously “unpacked” concept was adapted for Australian educators and students to develop a framework with seven themes and 60 subthemes. The framework was successfully validated by the original Delphi panel of educators and will provide a valuable resource for teaching and learning in Australian universities.
Unpacking the renal system component of the “structure and function” core concept of physiology by an Australian team
Authors: Perry Ben D. , Cameron Melissa S. , Cooke Matthew B. , Towstoless Michelle , Hryciw Deanne H. , Hayes Alan , Lexis Louise , Tangalakis Kathy ,   and Task Force
Published: May 2023

This is the first attempt to unpack and validate the “structure and function” core concept in physiology with all Australian educators. We unpacked the renal system into themes with hierarchical levels, which were validated by an experienced team of Australian physiology educators. Our unpacking of the “structure and function” core concept provides a specific framework for educators to apply this important concept in physiology education.
Comparison of mild physiological effects of surgical masks and N95 respirators over 60 min at rest
Authors: Cates Valerie C. , Marullo Anthony L. , Isakovich Rodion , Bird Jordan D. , Keess Jamie L. , Ricord Kyle C. , Leslie Katrina M. , Janssens Amanda A. , Bhardwaj Rajan , Day Trevor A.
Published: May 2023

Anecdotal reports suggest mild physiological effects of wearing surgical masks and/or N95 respirators, including heat trapping and rebreathing of expired air. There are limited data directly comparing the physiological effects of wearing medical barriers at rest. We found that the time course and magnitude of changes to face microclimate temperature, end-tidal gases, and venous blood gases and acid-base variables were mild in magnitude, not physiologically relevant, equivalent between barrier types, and immediately reversible on removal.
Overground walking with a constraint force on the nonparetic leg during swing improves weight shift toward the paretic side in people after stroke
Authors: Park Seoung Hoon , Yan Shijun , Dee Weena , Keefer Renee , Roth Elliot J. , Rymer William Z. , Wu Ming
Published: May 2023

Application of constraint force to the nonparetic leg during overground walking induced improved lateral weight shifts toward the paretic leg and enhanced muscle activity of the paretic leg during walking. In addition, one session of overground walking with constraint force might induce an increase in propulsive force of the paretic leg and an increase in self-selected overground walking speed, which might be partially due to the improvement in motor control of the paretic leg.
[Retracted] Level Set Image Feature Detection and Application in COVID‐19 Image Feature Knowledge Detection
Authors: Ji Dongsheng , Liu Yafeng , Zhang Qingyi , Zheng Wenjun
Published: May 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) scholars and mediciners have reported AI systems that accurately detect medical imaging and COVID‐19 in chest images. However, the robustness of these models remains unclear for the segmentation of images with nonuniform density distribution or the multiphase target. The most representative one is the Chan‐Vese (CV) image segmentation model. In this paper, we demonstrate that the recent level set (LV) model has excellent performance on the detection of target characteristics from medical imaging relying on the filtering variational method based on the global medical pathology facture. We observe that the capability of the filtering variational method to obtain image feature quality is better than other LV models. This research reveals a far‐reaching problem in medical‐imaging AI knowledge detection. In addition, from the analysis of experimental results, the algorithm proposed in this paper has a good effect on detecting the lung region feature information of COVID‐19 images and also proves that the algorithm has good adaptability in processing different images. These findings demonstrate that the proposed LV method should be seen as an effective clinically adjunctive method using machine‐learning healthcare models.
Investigation of the First African Swine Fever Outbreak in a Domestic Pig Farm in Hong Kong
Authors: Go Yun Young , Ho Jeremy H. P. , Tam Karina W. S. , Kamali Maedeh , Zhang Yiwen , Lau Candy C. Y. , Li Song Hao , Wilson Michael T. , Guo Zhihao , Li Runsheng , Gu Guoqian , Tse May P. Y. , Hill Fraser I. , Batten Carrie , Corla Amanda , Flannery John , Conan Anne , Brackman Christopher J. , Pfeiffer Dirk U.
Published: May 2023

In this study, we describe the epidemiological investigation of the first African swine fever (ASF) outbreak in a local domestic pig farm in the New Territories of Hong Kong in 2021. In the outbreak farm, several affected pigs presented clinical and pathological signs consistent with ASF, while the remaining pigs showed nonspecific clinical signs or did not exhibit any clinical signs. The relative low morbidity and mortality of ASF on this farm resulted in delayed detection and implementation of the control response. Despite this delay, no further spread of the disease from this farm to other farms or wild boars was observed. The clinical presentation of ASF in terms of morbidity and mortality on this farm indicated that it is essential for effective surveillance aimed at early detection for farmers, veterinarians, and pathologists to be educated about the different ways ASF can express itself in domestic pig populations. Epidemiological investigations consisted of field inspection, interviews with farm personnel to assess the management and biosecurity practices within the farm, and laboratory testing of animal and environmental samples. In addition, the complete genome of ASFV was obtained directly from the tissues of an infected pig to facilitate the epidemiological investigation. The genetic relationship at the whole genome level indicated that the isolate shared the highest level of similarity with genotype II ASFVs, including a 2019 isolate from Guangdong province, China (GD2019). Overall, the information presented here from the on-farm investigation with that from diagnostic testing and molecular analyses provides a basis for informed actions to prevent future incidents in farms with similar characteristics. Furthermore, this study highlighted the need to increase current knowledge about the molecular diversity amongst circulating viruses and potentially trace the source of infection.
Optimization Simulation of Match between Technical Actions and Music of National Dance Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Aimin
Published: May 2023

In the match between technical movements and music of folk dance, the most important thing is to extract features effectively. DL algorithm is one of the most efficient methods to extract video features at present. In this study, the DL method is applied to the matching optimization of technical movements and music in folk dance. Using DL to train the corresponding relationship between the technical movements and music of national dance, the given dance movements and corresponding movements are adapted to the musical beat points. To better reflect the degree of correlation between music and movement changes, the change rate of feature value is used instead of feature value itself in correlation calculation. The matching degree between this method and genetic theory method and spatial skeleton timing diagram method is compared. The experiment shows that the matching method of technical movements and music of national dance optimized by DL can achieve 95.78% accuracy, and the matching synchronization of technical movements and music of national dance can reach 96.17%. Therefore, the method proposed in this study can fully reflect the synchronization of music and movement changes, and the optimized movement matching method matches the national dance technical movements—music matching quality is better. This study expands a new perspective for the research of dance and music matching technology. It has certain practical and theoretical significance.
Situational Awareness and Proactive Engagement Predict Higher Time in Range in Adolescents and Young Adults Using Hybrid Closed-Loop
Authors: Messer Laurel H. , Cook Paul F. , Voida Stephen , Fiesler Casey , Fivekiller Emily , Agrawal Chinmay , Xu Tian , Forlenza Gregory P. , Sankaranarayanan Sriram
Published: May 2023

Background. Adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes have high HbA1c levels and often struggle with self-management behaviors and attention to diabetes care. Hybrid closed-loop systems (HCL) like the t:slim X2 with Control-IQ technology (Control-IQ) can help improve glycemic control. The purpose of this study is to assess adolescents’ situational awareness of their glucose control and engagement with the Control-IQ system to determine significant factors in daily glycemic control. Methods. Adolescents (15–25 years) using Control-IQ participated in a 2-week prospective study, gathering detailed information about Control-IQ system engagements (boluses, alerts, and so on) and asking the participants’ age and gender about their awareness of glucose levels 2-3 times/day without checking. Mixed models assessed which behaviors and awareness items correlated with time in range (TIR, 70–180 mg/dl, 3.9–10.0 mmol/L). Results. Eighteen adolescents/young adults (mean age 18 ± 1.86 years and 86% White non-Hispanic) completed the study. Situational awareness of glucose levels did not correlate with time since the last glucose check (

p
=
0.8

). In multivariable modeling, lower TIR was predicted on days when adolescents underestimated their glucose levels (r = −0.22), received more CGM alerts (r = −0.31), and had more pump engagements (r = −0.27). A higher TIR was predicted when adolescents responded to CGM alerts (r = 0.20) and entered carbohydrates into the bolus calculator (r = 0.49). Conclusion. Situational awareness is an independent predictor of TIR and may provide insight into patterns of attention and focus that could positively influence glycemic outcomes in adolescents. Proactive engagements predict better TIR, whereas reactive engagement predicted lower TIR. Future interventions could be designed to train users to develop awareness and expertise in effective diabetes self-management.
Posteromedial Submeniscal Arthrotomy and Fixation with a Posteromedial Rim Plate in a Comminuted Medial Tibial Plateau Fracture
Authors: Franulic Nicolás , Pineda Tomás , Laso José , Valiente Diego , Gaggero Nicolás
Published: May 2023

Medial tibial plateau fractures generally present as simple metaphyseal fractures; however, certain cases may present as comminuted articular fractures. Medial and posteromedial anatomical plates have traditionally been used for their management; nevertheless, not all cases can be successfully managed using these implants. We present a comminuted posteromedial Schatzker type VI tibial plateau fracture case. Direct visualization and subsequent fixation using a posteromedial rim plate were achieved through a posteromedial approach and submeniscal arthrotomy. The adequate joint reduction and the obtained stability allowed satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. This variation of the classic posteromedial approach and the use of a posteromedial rim plate provide an alternative when facing comminuted medial tibial plateau fractures.
Research on Wind Flow Control by Windbreak Fence for a Large Radio Telescope Site Based on Numerical Simulations
Authors: He Feilong , Xu Qian , Wang Na
Published: May 2023

The higher the pointing accuracy of the radio telescope, the more obvious the influence of wind disturbance on antenna performance. Taking the site of the 110 m aperture QiTai radio Telescope (QTT) as an example, the terrain and air flow characteristics of the site are studied. It is found that the wind direction with high incoming wind frequency and relatively high speed is mostly located in the mountain gap on the periphery of the antenna. If the wind resistance facilities are precisely arranged in the upstream tuyere, the wind speed in the antenna area can be effectively reduced. This study proposes a method to control the wind flow at a telescope site based on the precise arrangement of the windbreak fence. The windbreak fence simulation model is constructed using the theory of porous jump. The mean error of the simulation results is less than 14% compared to the wind tunnel measured data, indicating that the constructed windbreak fence model has high reliability. The computational domain model of the working conditions for the site is constructed. The extreme condition of the windbreak fence arrangement is considered, and the simulation results show that the wind speed in the antenna area can be reduced by more than 30% through the control of the windbreak fence. It verifies the feasibility of the method of controlling the wind flow by the windbreak fence for the site which provides a reference for the subsequent research on the precise arrangement of the windbreak fence.
Image Processing and Feature Extraction for Hull Structure GMAW Based on Weld Pool Visual Sensing
Authors: Jiao Ziquan , Qin Haijian , Gao Xingyu , Feng Zhiqiang , Xu Yuanzhao , Chen Shanben , Shi Nanhui , Liu Wenjing
Published: May 2023

Image processing and feature information extraction based on the visual perception of the weld pool are considered essential components of intelligent welding quality monitoring of hull structure gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The unstable characteristics, such as large spatter, much smoke, and strong arc light during hull structure GMAW, lead to the blurring of image acquisition and the difficulty of contour extraction of the weld pool. The present study is aimed at addressing the practical issues from two perspectives, i.e., a spectrum‐visual‐sensing acquisition system and an image‐processing and feature extraction algorithm. First of all, by analyzing the light energy distribution law and acquiring the optical parameters relevant to the cut‐off composite dimming and near‐infrared narrowband filtering, spectral sensing is employed in establishing models of arc light radiation to detect the strength of continuously distinctive spectral lines. Besides, an appropriate high‐speed charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera is selected to build a visual acquisition system, which can reduce the external interference of the arc light on the image acquisition of the weld pool. Afterwards, the implementation of an image‐processing fusion model based on the spatial information fuzzy C‐means (FCM) clustering analysis and Sobel edge detection operator accompanies the investigation of the geometric aspects of the weld pool image. In terms of clear segmentation of the interest region, the edge detection and accurate extraction of the target contour are successfully obtained. In the subsequent section, the Hough transform analysis is adopted to establish the geometric feature extraction model of the weld pool, with corner detection, conversion, and camera calibration as the core technology. Additionally, the left and right views of the image contour are calibrated to achieve the lossless conversion of corner pixels and physical coordinates. Finally, three other distinct image‐processing methods are designed to compare the segmentation effect of the edge contour with the fusion model, and then, the extraction accuracy of the geometric features of the weld pool is verified. The interference of the arc light and smoke has been demonstrated to be substantially diminished, which is attributable to the visual‐sensing system during image acquisition of the weld pool. The results of edge fusion of the weld pool image show that based on the GMAW using the FCM‐Sobel fusion method, a superior extraction accuracy of geometric features characterized by smoothness, continuousness, no breakpoints, and less noise has fulfilled the engineering requirements.
Factors Associated with Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among the Youth in Lira City West, Northern Uganda: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Murungi Tom , Benyumiza Deo , Apio Juliet , Nekesa Catherine , Nalubuuka Aisha , Misuk Ivan , Kumakech Edward
Published: May 2023

Background. The youth in Uganda, as in much of sub‐Saharan Africa, face numerous sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges, from human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection, and unsafe abortions to unwanted pregnancies. This study, therefore, assessed the utilization of sexual and reproductive health services and associated factors among the youth in Lira city west, northern Uganda. Methods. This was a cross‐sectional study conducted in January 2023 among 386 young people (15‐24 years) in Lira city west division, Lira city. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to recruit our study participants. Data were collected using an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, descriptive statistics, cross‐tabulation, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. All variables were set by p values less than 0.05 and reported adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval. Results. The utilization of SRH services was 42.0% (162/386) among the study participants. Family planning, voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT), and general counseling services were the most utilized SRH services in the past 12 months. Young people who were aware of SRH services (AOR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08‐0.74), were aware of a reproductive health facility (AOR, 4.24; 95% CI: 1.62‐11.09), discussed SRH issues with peers/friends (AOR, 3.98; 95% CI: 1.53‐10.33), had a sexual partner (AOR, 10.00; 95% CI: 4.05‐24.69), had sexual intercourse (AOR, 4.59; 95% CI: 2.18‐9.69), and had access to SRH services (AOR, 2.68; 95% CI: 1.12‐6.40) were more likely to utilize SRH services compared to their counterparts. Conclusion. This study showed a low utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among youth in Lira city west, northern Uganda. Being aware of SRH services, awareness of reproductive health facilities, discussing SRH issues with peers, having sexual intercourse, having a sexual partner, and access to SRH services were independently associated with the utilization of SRH services. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen sustainable multisector approaches aimed at improving awareness and access to sexual and reproductive health services among the youth.
Designing and Developing an Educational-Therapeutic Game for Improving Healthy Lifestyle in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Azizi-Soleiman Fatemeh , Heidari-Beni Motahar , Hemati Zeinab , Kelishadi Roya
Published: May 2023

Educating healthy lifestyle behaviors through game can help children and adolescents achieve healthy habits. The aim of the present study was to develop a game to promote children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle behaviors. The “Toward Health” is a board game designed by a multidisciplinary team consisting of nurses, nutritionists, physical activity experts, pediatricians, pediatric psychologists, graphic artists, and experts in designing board games to help children adopt healthy eating and sleep habits and become physically more active. Players move their tokens based on the number of squares indicated by a dice rolled. If a player’s token lands on the square containing questions or points related to a healthy lifestyle, he/she must answer the question or read the point loudly. If answers to the questions are correct, the player takes the card. Interventional studies are recommended to confirm the potential of these games in preventing and/or treating childhood obesity. In the future, we are going to assess the validity and acceptance of the game in various age groups.