bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binary Adder, Subtractor and Parity Checker Based on Optical Logic Gates
Authors: Fan Shunyao , Dutta Niloy K.
Published: July 2024

We propose schemes for binary adder, subtractor and parity checker using optical logic gates. These schemes could be useful for calculations using optical systems. Utilizing optical logic gates, we can achieve functions of binary adder, subtractor and parity checker of high-speed optical signals. Due to two-photon absorption in the wetting layer, quantum dot-semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder interferometer (QD-SOA-MZI) can work as high data rate optical logic gates. The simulated result supports the idea that it is possible to realize all-optical binary adder, subtractor and parity checker at high optical signal rates.
Embedded System Based on Task Interval Data Interaction Model
Authors: Yang Qin
Published: July 2024

In the Internet of Things era, more intelligent systems can communicate with each other. Embedded system combined with network communication applications has become the basis for Internet of Things research. The programmable logic unit designed by ARM architecture has great advantages in running speed, power control and so on. In the paper, to solve the problems of common embedded MCU control resources occupying a large amount of memory and the slow speed of building engineering simulation model, it is necessary to use the queuing connection algorithm model to directly input the timing physical characteristics of the code stream in the embedded system to calculate and match the timing physical characteristics of the output code stream. The optimization algorithm of DTF-MARTE to detect the probability of timing deviation is used in the paper. It is to detect the problem of inaccurate timing information in the demand. We compare the expected physical characteristics of the timing sequence and obtain the timing deviation probability of the output data stream. The model developed in this paper has the characteristic of dynamic reconfiguration of the task interval. The design of monotonically decreasing data tasks can be realized, and the reconfigured task modules are used for interacting the data buffer area and dynamically reconstructing the instruction overhead and transmission. We analyze the performance comparison between the proposed model and the traditional communication connection model. It proves that the proposed model can further improve the priority queue and guide the data flow. According to that method, the problem of asynchronous spatial data interaction by controlling and combining different communication modes in a large scene can be solved. Data interaction can be triggered at a fixed time, and mutual interference of randomly triggered wireless communication and data acquisition modules can be avoided. It can solve the problem of insufficient computing power when future embedded devices need massive data encryption in the Internet of Things era, and provide a new way of thinking for fast, safe and efficient implementation.
Global Dynamics of a Holling-II Amensalism System with a Strong Allee Effect on the Harmful Species
Authors: Luo Demou , Qiu Yizhi
Published: July 2024

In this study, we discuss the global dynamics of the Holling-II amensalism model for a strong Allee effect of harmful species. We discuss the existence and stabilization of the extinction equilibria, exclusion equilibria, coexistence equilibria, and infinite singularities by analyzing the presence and stabilization of the system characteristics in terms of the possibilities and correspondences in the model when the death rate of the injured species is used as a threshold value. Also, we find that the two equilibrium points in the first quadrant are effective in proving that the model does not have globally stabilizing features and obtain two critical conditions and their corresponding global phase diagrams. Finally, we explore the weak Allee effect of the victim species, and using the analysis from numerical simulations, we recapitulate the analysis and dynamics of the model in equilibrium.
PYRAMID CHANNEL-BASED FEATURE ATTENTION NETWORK WITH ENSEMBLE LEARNING-BASED UAV IMAGE CLASSIFICATION ON IOT-ASSISTED REMOTE SENSING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: ALOTAIBI SAUD S. , ALAZWARI SANA , BASHETI IMAN , ALGHUSHAIRY OMAR , YAFOZ AYMAN , ALSINI RAED , ALALLAH FOUAD SHOIE
Published: July 2024

Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), otherwise recognized as drones, have tremendous promise in improving the wide-ranging applications of the Internet of Things (IoT). UAV image classification using deep learning (DL) is an amalgamation to modernize data analysis, collection, and decision-making in a variety of sectors. IoT devices collect information in real time, while remote sensing captures data afar without direct contact. UAVs equipped with sensors offer high-quality images for classification tasks. DL techniques, especially the convolutional neural networks (CNNs), analyze data streams, extracting complicated features for the accurate classification of objects or environmental features. This synergy enables applications including urban planning and precision agriculture, fostering smarter disaster response, decision support systems, and efficient resource management. This paper introduces a novel Pyramid Channel-based Feature Attention Network with an Ensemble Learning-based UAV Image Classification (PCFAN-ELUAVIC) technique in an assisted remote sensing environment. The PCFAN-ELUAVIC technique begins with the contrast enhancement of the UAV images using the CLAHE technique. Following that, the feature vectors are derived by the use of the PCFAN model. Meanwhile, the hyperparameter tuning procedure is executed by the inclusion of a vortex search algorithm (VSA). For image classification, the PCFAN-ELUAVIC technique comprises an ensemble of three classifiers like long short-term memory (LSTM), graph convolutional networks (GCNs), and Hermite neural network (HNN). To exhibit the improved detection results of the PCFAN-ELUAVIC system, an extensive range of experiments are carried out. The experimental values confirmed the enhanced performance of the PCFAN-ELUAVIC model when compared to other techniques.
Exchanged flying ring of homochiral bosonic field in the genetic code
Authors: Pinčák Richard , Kanjamapornkul Kabin , Pigazzini Alexander , Jafari Saeid
Published: July 2024

We present the proof for the source of exchange flying ring of the biological bosonic state in homochirality of L-amino acids. It is a source of knot in parallel transport of Yang–Mills field in genetic code evolved from natural selection. It serves as a source of protein folding structure in L-amino acids over all the protein structure of a living organism. In the proof, we modified Frank’s model for homochirality and added more properties of nonlinearity and supersymmetry. The mirror symmetries transform their left and right homochiral hidden states of reversed reaction over Frank’s equation for spontaneous autocatalysis. We also change the rate of reaction in the model from the Euclidean norm to Minkowski metric with Lorentz invariant in special relativity theory. The speed of light in Minkowski space in this model is an analogy with a source of all species of all living organisms with common 20 L-amino acids as their constituents. The result of the proof agrees with the existence of L-amino acids in nature. By long-term of evolution, the number of concentration of left homochirality is more than the concentration of right homochirality in amino acids propositional to the Chern–Simons current.
Strange star model in higher dimensions (D ≥ 4) with density-dependent B in pseudo-spheroidal geometry
Authors: Hakim A. , Goswami K. B. , Chattopadhyay P. K.
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we have developed a class of new solutions for relativistic compact stars in higher-dimensional [Formula: see text] space-time assuming pseudo-spheroidal geometry of the [Formula: see text] metric component. To study the physical properties, we consider equation of state of interior strange matter [Formula: see text], as proposed in MIT bag model in the presence of a density-dependent [Formula: see text] parameter. The interior matter of a quark star may consist of three flavor quarks. We observe some interesting results. The parameter [Formula: see text] depends on the anisotropy [Formula: see text] in the interior, and at the stellar surface, [Formula: see text] attains a constant value independent of [Formula: see text]. At the interior, [Formula: see text] increases with the increase of [Formula: see text]. We also note that the value of B approaches a constant value with increasing spheroidal parameter [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] also depends on space-time dimensions and it is interesting to note that [Formula: see text] picks up negative values near core region which limits the number of space-time dimensions available for a stellar model. All the stability criterion and energy conditions hold good for a physically realistic stellar configuration. It is observed that strange quark matter may be stable or metastable or unstable depending upon the value of energy per baryon [Formula: see text]. Strange quark matter will be stable if energy per baryon [Formula: see text]. It is noted that the maximum mass obtainable in this model is [Formula: see text] considering stable strange quark matter when dimension [Formula: see text]. In addition, we observe that the dimensions have some effect on the gross properties of strange stars (SS).
Understanding the Interaction between Delivery Robots and Other Road and Sidewalk Users: A Study of User-generated Online Videos
Authors: Yu Xinyan , Hoggenmüller Marius , Tran Tram Thi Minh , Wang Yiyuan , Tomitsch Martin
Published: July 2024

The deployment of autonomous delivery robots in urban environments presents unique challenges in navigating complex traffic conditions and interacting with diverse road and sidewalk users. Effective communication between robots and road and sidewalk users is crucial to address these challenges. This study investigates real-world encounter scenarios where delivery robots and road and sidewalk users interact, seeking to understand the essential role of communication in ensuring seamless encounters. Following an online ethnography approach, we collected 117 user-generated videos from TikTok and their associated 2,067 comments. Our systematic analysis revealed several design opportunities to augment communication between delivery robots and road and sidewalk users, which include facilitating multi-party path negotiation, managing unexpected robot behaviour via transparency information, and expressing robot limitations to request human assistance. Moreover, the triangulation of video and comments analysis provides a set of design considerations to realise these opportunities. The findings contribute to understanding the operational context of delivery robots and offer insights for designing interactions with road and sidewalk users, facilitating their integration into urban spaces.
Analyzing the Effects of Transcription Errors on Summary Generation of Bengali Spoken Documents
Authors: Chowdhury Priyanjana , Sarkar Nabanika , Nath Sanghamitra , Sharma Utpal
Published: July 2024

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has become an indispensable part of the AI domain, with various speech technologies reliant on it. The quality of speech recognition depends on the amount of annotated data used to train an ASR system, among other factors. For a low-resourced language, this is a severe constraint and thus ASR quality is often poor. Humans can read through text containing ASR-errors, provided the context of the sentence is preserved. Yet in cases of transcripts generated by ASR systems of low-resource languages, multiple important words are misrecognized and the context is mostly lost; discerning such a text becomes nearly impossible. This article analyzes the types of transcription errors that occur while generating ASR transcripts of spoken documents in Bengali, an under-resourced language predominantly spoken in India and Bangladesh. The transcripts of the Bengali spoken document are generated using the ASR of Google Cloud Speech. The article also explores if there is an effect of such transcription errors in generating speech summaries of these spoken documents. Summarization is carried out extractively; sentences are selected from the ASR-generated text of the spoken document. Speech summaries are created by aggregating the speech-segments from the original speech of the selected sentences. Subjective evaluation shows the “readability” of the spoken summaries are not degraded by ASR errors, but the quality is affected due to the reliance on intermediate text-summary containing transcription errors.
Virtual Time III, Part 3: Throttling and Message Cancellation
Authors: Jefferson David , Barnes Peter D.
Published: July 2024

This is
Part 3
of a trio of papers that unify in a natural way the two historically distinct parallel discrete event synchronization paradigms, optimistic and conservative, combining the best properties of both into a single framework called
Unified Virtual Time (UVT)
. In this part, we survey the synchronization effects that can be achieved by restricting to corner cases the relationships permitted among the control variables,
GVT
,
CVT
,
TVT
, and
LVT
, which were defined in
Part 1
. We also survey various throttling policies from the literature and describe how they can be implemented in UVT by controlling the value of
TVT
, including policies that can take advantage of rollback in addition to LP blocking. A significant result is a new category of efficient and higher precision throttling algorithms for optimistic execution that are based on
optimistic lookahead
, defined in a way that is symmetric to what we now call the
conservative lookahead
information that is traditionally used for conservative synchronization. Finally, we present a novel algorithm allowing the choice between lazy and aggressive cancellation to be made on a message-by-message basis using either external logic expressed in the model code, or policy code internal to the simulator, or a mixture of both.
Optimized Real-Time Stochastic Model of Power Electronic Converters based on FPGA
Authors: Wang Shinan , Guo Xizheng , Sun Zonghui , Wang Yule , You Xiaojie
Published: July 2024

Stochastic models can effectively describe the operating characteristics of power electronic converters with stochastic parameters. However, it is difficult to implement the models in field programmable gate array– (FPGA) based real-time simulation, because their high order leads to a large calculation. This article proposes an optimized real-time stochastic modeling method for power electronic converters based on generalized polynomial chaos. First, an orthogonal polynomials construction method is used based on Schmidt orthogonalization to describe stochastic variables with atypical probability distributions and provide conditions for simplifying the system model. Second, the method of probability space transformation is adopted to divide the system model into multiple sub-models to suppress the exponential growth of the model order while maintaining the statistical properties. This method has performed over the traditional stochastic modeling method. The proposed model is built on FPGA-based hardware-in-the-loop experiment platform with 1us simulation step. The optimized model uses approximately 37% fewer resources than the traditional stochastic model while maintaining the same level of accuracy.
Unified and Scalable Deep Image Compression Framework for Human and Machine
Authors: Zhang Gai , Zhang Xinfeng , Tang Lv
Published: July 2024

Image compression aims to minimize the amount of data in image representation while maintaining a certain visual quality for humans, which is an essential technique for storage and transmission. Recently, along with the development of computer vision, machines have become another primary receiver for images and require compressed images at a certain quality level, which may be different from that of human vision. In many scenarios, compressed images should serve both human and machine vision tasks, but few compression methods are designed for both goals simultaneously. In this article, we propose a unified and scalable deep image compression (USDIC) framework that jointly optimizes the image quality according to human and machine vision in an end-to-end style. For the encoder, we propose an information splitting mechanism (ISM) to separate images into semantic and visual features, which mainly aims at machine analysis and human viewing tasks. For the decoder, we design a scalable decoding architecture. The encoded semantic feature is first decoded for machine analysis tasks, and the image is decoded and reconstructed further by leveraging the decoded semantic features. Herein, to further remove the redundancy between the semantic and visual features of images, we propose a scalable entropy model (SEM) with a joint optimization strategy to reconstruct the image using the two kinds of decoded features. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed USDIC achieves much better performance on the image analysis task while maintaining competitive performance on the traditional image reconstruction task compared with popular image compression methods.
Extracting Thermodynamic, Kinetic, and Transport Properties from Batteries Using a Simple Analytical Pulsing Protocol
Authors: Wood Kevin N. , Hawley W. Blake , Gallegos Joseph R. , Less Gregory B.
Published: July 2024

Gaining insights into the fundamental properties of lithium-ion batteries through scalable and non-destructive methods is challenging for commercial cell formats. In this work, a simple analytical pulsing protocol (APP) is performed on a commercial cell to understand its thermodynamic, kinetic, and mass transport properties. While testing procedures that rely on electrochemical pulses are well documented, the APP is novel in the level of fundamental insight that can be gained. For thermodynamics, a static-differential capacity analysis can be performed that removes the effects of kinetic and transport overpotentials and allows for the calculation of Gibbs free energy. For kinetics, the exchange current density of the cell can be calculated according to the Butler-Volmer model. For transport, a whole-cell lithium-ion diffusion coefficient can be calculated from a derivation of Fick’s second law and the generalized flux equation. Comparing the results from these properties gives an unparalleled level of mechanistic insight into battery performance from a single non-destructive technique. This APP requires no additional equipment and provides properties that can be easily correlated to materials or processing parameters. Therefore, the APP is valuable for research and development, manufacturing, quality assurance, and second-life applications, among others.
Electrochemical Preparation of Ti2CrV Alloy in CaCl2 Melt
Authors: Khan Mohd. Sufiyan , Mukherjee Anwesha , Ghosh Pabitra , R. Kumaresan
Published: July 2024

Ti2CrV alloy shows good hydrogen storage characteristics at room temperature and ambient pressure. The present study investigated the feasibility of direct electrochemical reduction of TiO2-Cr2O3-V3O5 to Ti2CrV in CaCl2 melt at 900 °C by the FFC Cambridge process. The electrolysis was conducted in a two-electrode assembly with the sintered mixed oxide cathode and HD graphite anode at a constant cell voltage of 3.1 V for different time intervals to elucidate the reduction mechanism of the metal oxide mixture. The obtained products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. Cyclic voltammetry studies using metallic cavity electrode containing mixed metal oxide powder were also carried out to determine the electrochemical reduction behavior in CaCl2 melt at 900 °C. It was observed that the presence of pre-formed Cr and V metal in the vicinity of titanium oxide helped in its faster reduction. The complete metallization of the sintered mixed oxide pellet occurred after 15 h of electrolysis. The electrochemical reduction mechanism was observed to proceed through various intermediates such as chromium-rich Cr-V, vanadium-rich V-Cr, CaTiO3, TiO, Ti6O, Ti-V, and C15-TiCr2.
Circulating exosomal circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in a familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 family with a novel PPARG frameshift mutation c.418dup
Authors: Zhou Liyuan , Li Shunhua , Ren Jing , Wang Dongmei , Yu Ruiqi , Zhao Yuxing , Zhang Qian , Xiao Xinhua
Published: July 2024

Through the establishment of a ceRNA regulatory networks in a novel PPARG frameshift mutation c.418dup-induced FPLD3 pedigree, this study reveals that circ_0001597 may contribute to the pathophysiology of FPLD3 by sequestering miR-671-5p to regulate the expression of EGR1 and AGPAT3, pivotal genes situated in the triglyceride (TG) synthesis and lipolysis pathways. Current findings expand our molecular understanding of adipose tissue dysfunction, providing potential blood biomarkers and therapeutic avenues for lipodystrophy and associated metabolic complications.
Maternal genetics and diet modulate vitamin A homeostasis of the offspring and affect the susceptibility to obesity in adulthood in mice
Authors: Srinivasagan Ramkumar , Galmés Sebastià , Vasileva Denitsa , Rubí Paula , Palou Andreu , Amengual Jaume , Ribot Joan , von Lintig Johannes , Bonet M. Luisa
Published: July 2024

A genetic mouse model, deficient in intestine-specific homeobox (ISX) transcription factor, is used to show that a mildly increased maternal vitamin A supply from β-carotene feeding during late gestation and lactation programs energy and lipid metabolism in tissues and protects the offspring from diet-induced hypertrophic obesity and hepatic steatosis. This knowledge may have implications for human populations where polymorphisms in ISX and ISX target genes involved in vitamin A homeostasis are prevalent.
Alterations of resting-state network dynamics in Alzheimer’s disease based on leading eigenvector dynamics analysis
Authors: Yang Yan-Li , Liu Yu-Xuan , Wei Jing , Guo Qi-Li , Hao Zhi-Peng , Xue Jia-Yue , Liu Jin-Yi , Guo Hao , Li Yao
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, but few studies have explored the characteristics of abnormal dynamic brain activity in AD patients. Here, our report reveals the abnormal dynamic activity of the patients’ resting-state network, providing new insights into the dynamic analysis of brain networks and helping to gain a deeper understanding of the abnormal spatial dynamic patterns in AD patients.
JWH133 attenuates behavior deficits and iron accumulation in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson’s disease model rats
Authors: Liu Man , Pan Dong , Wang MengYa , Deng Han , Ma ZeGang
Published: July 2024

Expression of cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2Rs) was discovered on dopamine neurons in recent years. The role of CB2R expressed on dopamine neurons in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has not been fully elucidated. The content of iron accumulation in the brain is closely related to the progress of PD. We verified the inhibitory effect of CB2R on iron deposition in dopamine neurons through experiments, which provided a new idea for the treatment of PD.
Predictive posture stabilization before contact with moving objects: equivalence of smooth pursuit tracking and peripheral vision
Authors: Sinha Oindrila , Rosenquist Taylor , Fedorshak Alyssa , Kpankpa John , Albenze Eliza , T. Bonnet Cédrick , Bertucco Matteo , Kurtzer Isaac , Singh Tarkeshwar
Published: July 2024

We show that the human visuomotor system can detect motion in peripheral vision and make anticipatory adjustments to posture before contact with moving objects, just as effectively as when the eye movement system tracks those objects with smooth pursuit eye movements. These findings pave the way for research into how age-induced changes in spatial vision, eye movements, and motion perception could affect the control of limb movements and postural stability during motion-mediated interactions with objects.
Texture perception at the foot sole: comparison between walking, sitting, and to the hand
Authors: Cleland Luke D. , Rupani Mia , Blaise Celia R. , Ellmers Toby J. , Saal Hannes P.
Published: July 2024

We frequently interact with textured surfaces using our feet, but little is known about how textures on the foot sole are perceived as compared with the hand. Here, we show that roughness, hardness, and stickiness ratings are broadly consistent when stepping on textures, exploring them with the foot sole, or with the hand. Hardness also contributes to perceived stability.
Kidney Stone Risk in Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism before and after Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Tang Jie , Malshy Kamil , Pareek Gyan
Published: July 2024

The higher risk for kidney stone in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is well‐documented; stone risk in patients with normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) remains unclear. We present a case of recurrent calcium kidney stones in a patient with severe idiopathic hypercalciuria and NPHPT. The surgical resection of the parathyroid adenoma failed to reduce kidney stone risk (based on the 24‐hr urine study) and kidney stone burden (based on ultrasound). This unique case examines the impact of surgical resection of an ectopic parathyroid adenoma on stone risk in a patient with NPHPT and recurrent calcium kidney stones.
Epidemiology of Polytrauma at a Teaching Hospital in Northern Ghana: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Seidu Anwar Sadat , Alhassan Abdul Rauf , Buunaaim Alexis Dun Bo-ib
Published: July 2024

Background. Polytrauma refers to multiple life‐threatening injuries to more than 2 bodily regions with some significant physiologic derangement. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological profile of polytrauma and outline the distribution of extremity fractures among cases in Northern Ghana. Methods. A retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Accident and Emergency Department of Tamale Teaching Hospital. Data were extracted using a data collection tool onto MS Excel, cleaned, and exported onto SPSS version 26 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to present data in tables and charts. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess whether there was a significant difference in the mean ISS and mean length of stay of the direct causes of death. Results. About 186 out of 5413 attendants to the emergency department were polytrauma, period prevalence of 3.4%. The male‐to‐female ratio was 1.9 : 1. Young adults (21–40 years) contributed 64% of the participants. The mean age of participants was 32.9 ± 15.4 years, and the mean ISS was 40.6 ± 13.1. Road traffic accidents (68.8%) were the most common cause of polytrauma. The mortality was 33.0%. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was the most common direct cause of mortality (54.1%). There was a significant mean difference (MD) in the length of stay between multiple organ failure (MOF) and TBI (MD = 3.169, 95% C.I. = 0.48–5.86) and between MOF and hemorrhage (MD = 6.212, 95% C.I. = 2.62–9.80). Most fractures were closed (75.3%) and affected the lower limbs (61.5%). Open reduction and internal fixation were the most common surgery for extremity fractures. Conclusion. We recommend a concerted multidisciplinary policy framework geared towards promoting road safety and reducing accidents in Ghana. We also recommend a tailored robust treatment algorithm for managing traumatic brain injury in our settings to reduce mortality thereof.
A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Exploration of Patients’ and Student Nurses’ Experiences of the Time They Share Together on Personality Disorder Forensic Units
Authors: Jones Emma S. , Wright Karen M. , McKeown Mick
Published: July 2024

This hermeneutic phenomenological study illustrates the value of key aspects of interpretative hermeneutics for illuminating the time shared between patients and students in forensic unit for men carrying a personality disorder diagnosis through interviews. The participants were being‐with in their own time and space, sharing ordinary activities and common interests, and having a laugh, ultimately making enduring connections. This was despite experiences of thrownness into the world, ward landscapes, or the bearing of diagnostic labels. Students experienced a balance between therapeuticness (leaping‐ahead) and professionalism (leaping‐in). They were immune to the relational vacuum of the ward office and were viewed as “sponges”, reflecting their availability to patients, as opposed to other staff occupying more distant, identity defining set roles. On transition to fully fledged staff roles, students can become holders of keys, but can weather the ride by treasuring the everyday mundane, being‐with and connecting with patients. This temporality of student‐patient’s relationships encompasses mutual recognition of shared humanness. This hermeneutic phenomenological study uniquely explores the time shared between patients and students in forensic settings. Learnings from their experiences as illuminated using philosophical notions aid our understanding of this time to ensure focus on human connection.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis on Dual‐Rotor‐Bearing‐Casing System for Marine Gas Turbine
Authors: Xing Zhikai , Wang Qiang , Liu Yongbao , Li Mo , Zhang Xin
Published: July 2024

Taking the marine gas turbine as a research background, a dual‐rotor‐bearing‐casing system model was established considering the bearing nonlinearities and unbalanced excitation. Based on Lagrange’s equation of motion and rotor dynamics theory, the effects of key parameters such as radial clearance of intershaft bearing, rotor mass eccentricity, and rotational speed on the nonlinear characteristics of the system are investigated. The results indicate that the typical parameters have a significant effect on the system’s nonlinearities. To alleviate the vibration jump phenomenon, the radial clearance should be reduced to improve the coupling between the high‐ and low‐pressure rotors. Reducing the mass eccentricity can effectively degrade the resonance peaks, but it will highlight the hard resonance characteristics. The work process should pass through the resonant‐speed regions and the low‐speed regions of start‐stop phase as soon as possible. The research findings contribute to understanding the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of dual‐rotor systems, providing a theoretical basis for their stable operation and the optimal design of working speeds.
Endobronchial Infection and Bacterial Lymphadenitis by Gemella morbillorum Leading to Airway Perforation and a Bronchopleural Fistula
Authors: DePrez Kaitlin N. , Ferguson John
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Necrotizing bronchial infection with severe infectious lymphadenitis is infrequently encountered and most commonly ascribed to Aspergillus, Histoplasma, and Mycobacterium species. We present a unique cause of severe airway destruction with lymphadenitis and bronchopleural fistula formation by the bacterium Gemella morbillorum.

Case: A 24‐year‐old man presented with acute symptoms of vomiting, fever, and shoulder pain. A CT of the chest demonstrated a large subcarinal mass encasing the central bronchi. The workup for malignant, fungal, and granulomatous etiologies was unrevealing, while blood cultures identified G. morbillorum. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed a perforation of the right middle lobar bronchus and the formation of a bronchopleural fistula, resulting in a large hydropneumothorax with empyema. Despite antibiotic therapy, surgical intervention to repair the fistula, and ventilatory support, the progression of the bronchopleural fistula led to fatal respiratory failure.

Conclusion: In cases of severe mediastinal adenopathy in a young patient, bacterial lymphadenitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis with lymphoma, germ cell tumor, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, sarcoidosis, histoplasmosis, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lifestyle and Reproductive Factors Associated with Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women
Authors: Ang Boon Hong , Teo Soo-Hwang , Ho Weang-Kee
Published: July 2024

Background:

Assessing breast cancer risks from lifestyle and reproductive factors is critical for developing population-specific risk prediction tools. However, limited studies have evaluated these risks in recent Asian birth cohorts.

Methods:

We systematically reviewed articles published from January 2010 to December 2023, examining breast cancer risk factors in Asian women. Data were described narratively, estimates pooled, and prevalence and attributable proportions compared across Asian populations.

Results:

Of the 128 studies reviewed, 103 reported adjusted effect sizes for meta-analysis. Lifestyle and reproductive factors were predictive of breast cancer risk in Asian women, with varying impacts on premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Relative risks were similar within Asian populations and in comparison to European populations, except for menarche, menopause, and hormone receptor therapy. However, risk factor distributions differed across populations. While alcohol intake (21%) and oral contraceptive use (20%) emerged as the most attributable modifiable risk factors in Europeans, passive smoking (24%) and higher BMI (17%, ≥24 kg/m2 among postmenopausal women) were predominant in Asians.

Conclusions:

Our study shows that while the effects of lifestyle and reproductive breast cancer risk factors are largely similar across different populations, their distributions vary.

Impact:

Our analysis underscores the importance of considering population-specific risk factor distributions when developing risk prediction tools for Asian populations.
Nonadditive Effects of Common Genetic Variants Have a Negligent Contribution to Cancer Heritability
Authors: Hammermeister Suger Austin , Harrison Tabitha A. , Henning Barbara , Turman Constance , Kraft Peter , Lindström Sara
Published: July 2024

Background:

Contribution of dominance effects to cancer heritability is unknown. We leveraged existing genome-wide association data for seven cancers to estimate the contribution of dominance effects to the heritability of individual cancer types.

Methods:

We estimated the proportion of phenotypic variation caused by dominance genetic effects using genome-wide association data for seven cancers (breast, colorectal, lung, melanoma, nonmelanoma skin, ovarian, and prostate) in a total of 166,772 cases and 284,824 controls.

Results:

We observed no evidence of a meaningful contribution of dominance effects to cancer heritability. By contrast, additive effects ranged between 0.11 and 0.34.

Conclusions:

In line with studies of other human traits, the dominance effects of common genetic variants play a minimal role in cancer etiology.

Impact:

These results support the assumption of an additive inheritance model when conducting cancer association studies with common genetic variants.
Novel Combinations of Immunotherapies or DNA Damage Repair Inhibitors in Platinum-Refractory Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase II BALTIC Study
Authors: Reinmuth Niels , Juan-Vidal Oscar , Kowalski Dariusz , Bryl Maciej , Kryzhanivska Anna , Vicente David , Horváth Zsolt , Gálffy Gabriella , Csánky Eszter , Pápai Székely Zsolt , Vynnychenko Ihor , Armstrong Jon , Dalvi Tapashi , Xie Mingchao , Iyer Sonia , Shrestha Yashaswi , Jiang Haiyi , Bondarenko Igor
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

The phase II, multiarm, signal-searching BALTIC study (NCT02937818) assessed novel treatment combinations for platinum-refractory/resistant extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Patients and Methods:

Patients with ES-SCLC with progressive disease during or within 90 days of completing first-line platinum-based chemotherapy received one of three regimens: durvalumab plus tremelimumab followed by durvalumab monotherapy (arm A), adavosertib plus carboplatin (arm B), or ceralasertib plus olaparib (arm C). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate. Prespecified exploratory biomarker analyses were conducted in arms A and C.

Results:

In arm A (n = 41), arm B (n = 10), and arm C (n = 21), the confirmed objective response rates were 7.3%, 0%, and 4.8%, respectively. Safety profiles in all arms were consistent with those of the individual drugs. In arm A, patients with PD-L1 expression (tumor cells or immune cells) ≥1% seemed to have a greater likelihood of achieving disease control with durvalumab plus tremelimumab than those with PD-L1 (tumor cells and immune cells) <1%, and lower baseline ctDNA and reduction in the on-treatment ctDNA level were both associated with longer overall survival. Among patients treated with ceralasertib plus olaparib in arm C, specific immune response-relevant circulating chemokines and cytokines were identified as early biomarkers of survival and pharmacodynamic biomarkers.

Conclusions:

In BALTIC, all combination regimens demonstrated tolerable safety profiles, but antitumor activity was limited in refractory/resistant ES-SCLC. Among patients treated with durvalumab plus tremelimumab, an association of on-treatment reduction in ctDNA with longer overall survival suggests the potential use of ctDNA as a surrogate of treatment response, warranting further investigation.
Oral and Gut Microbiome Alterations in Oral Chronic GVHD Disease: Results from Close Assessment and Testing for Chronic GVHD (CATCH Study)
Authors: Rashidi Armin , Pidala Joseph , Hamilton Betty K. , Pavletic Steven Z. , Kim Katie , Zevin Alex , Mays Jacqueline W. , Lee Stephanie J.
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Whether and how the oral microbiome and its changes in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) recipients may contribute to oral chronic GVHD (cGVHD) pathogenesis is unknown. In addition, although the oral and colonic microbiota are distinct in healthy adults, whether oral microbes may ectopically colonize the gut in alloHCT patients is unknown.

Experimental Design:

To address these knowledge gaps, longitudinal oral and fecal samples were collected prospectively in the multicenter Close Assessment and Testing for Chronic GVHD study (NCT04188912). Through shotgun metagenomic sequencing of the samples collected at baseline, oral cGVHD onset, first post-cGVHD onset visit, and 1-year post-HCT time points in patients with oral cGVHD (cases; N = 29) or without any cGVHD (controls; N = 51), we examined whether (i) oral and/or gut microbiomes and their longitudinal trajectories differ between cases and controls and (ii) oral and gut microbiomes overlap in alloHCT recipients, especially those developing cGVHD.

Results:

A total of 195 samples were analyzed. The onset of oral cGVHD was characterized by an expansion of Streptococcus salivarius and Veillonella parvula in the oral microbiome. High levels of oral/gut microbiota overlap were observed, particularly in patients with oral cGVHD, suggesting ectopic colonization of the gut by oral bacteria.

Conclusions:

The unusual coalescence of two distant niches in these patients may result in short- or long-term consequences for the host, a novel avenue for future research. In addition, this study suggests a contribution of the oral microbiome to oral cGVHD pathogenesis.
PIKing up and AKTing on Resistance Mutations in Osimertinib-Treated EGFR-Mutated NSCLC
Authors: Vokes Natalie I. , Le Xiuning , Yap Timothy A.
Published: July 2024

A recent study identified high rates of PI3K–AKT pathway mutations from the FLAURA and AURA3 osimertinib trials and pre-clinically validated that these mutations decreased osimertinib sensitivity in EGFR-mutated non–small cell lung cancer. The AKT inhibitor capivasertib was found to overcome this resistance, providing an important rationale for the development of AKT inhibitors in non–small cell lung cancer.

See related article by Grazini et al., p. 4143
GRAIL1 Stabilizes Misfolded Mutant p53 through a Ubiquitin Ligase-Independent, Chaperone Regulatory Function
Authors: Ray Paramita , Jaiswal Sangeeta , Ferrer-Torres Daysha , Wang Zhuwen , Nancarrow Derek , Curtin Meghan , Martinho May San , Lacy Shannon M. , Kasturirangan Srimathi , Thomas Dafydd , Spence Jason R. , Truttmann Matthias C. , Lagisetty Kiran H. , Lawrence Theodore S. , Wang Thomas D. , Beer David G. , Ray Dipankar
Published: July 2024

Frequent (>70%) TP53 mutations often promote its protein stabilization, driving esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) development linked to poor survival and therapy resistance. We previously reported that during Barrett’s esophagus progression to EAC, an isoform switch occurs in the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF128 (aka GRAIL—gene related to anergy in lymphocytes), enriching isoform 1 (hereby GRAIL1) and stabilizing the mutant p53 protein. Consequently, GRAIL1 knockdown degrades mutant p53. But, how GRAIL1 stabilizes the mutant p53 protein remains unclear. In search for a mechanism, here, we performed biochemical and cell biology studies to identify that GRAIL has a binding domain (315-PMCKCDILKA-325) for heat shock protein 40/DNAJ. This interaction can influence DNAJ chaperone activity to modulate misfolded mutant p53 stability. As predicted, either the overexpression of a GRAIL fragment (Frag-J) encompassing the DNAJ binding domain or a cell-permeable peptide (Pep-J) encoding the above 10 amino acids can bind and inhibit DNAJ-Hsp70 co-chaperone activity, thus degrading misfolded mutant p53. Consequently, either Frag-J or Pep-J can reduce the survival of mutant p53 containing dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus and EAC cells and inhibit the growth of patient-derived organoids of dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus in 3D cultures. The misfolded mutant p53 targeting and growth inhibitory effects of Pep-J are comparable with simvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug that can degrade misfolded mutant p53 also via inhibiting DNAJA1, although by a distinct mechanism.

Implications: We identified a novel ubiquitin ligase-independent, chaperone-regulating domain in GRAIL and further synthesized a first-in-class novel misfolded mutant p53 degrading peptide having future translational potential.
Supplementary Figure S7 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Visualization of WGS alignment data showing evidence of SMARCB1 driveralterations in normal tissues from case 3.
Supplementary Figure S12 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Signature fitting analysis to assess the activity of SBS31 and SBS35 acrosssamples.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Exploration of Immune-Modulatory Effects of Amivantamab in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Lung and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Sun M. , Kang Seong-san , Kim Dong K. , Lee Soo-Hwan , Synn Chun-Bong , Baek Sujeong , Yang Seung M. , Han Yu J. , Kim Mi H. , Han Heekyung , Na Kwangmin , Kim Young T. , Yun Mi R. , Kim Jae H. , Byeon Youngseon , Kim Young S. , Lee Jii B. , Hong Min H. , Curtin Joshua C. , Patel Bharvin , Bergiers Isabelle , Pyo Kyoung-Ho , Cho Byoung C.
Published: July 2024

This figure shows the selection of cell lines used for in vitro evaluation of the effects of amivantamab on the protein and surface levels EGFR, MET, LDHA and SLC16A3.
Figure 1 from Exploration of Immune-Modulatory Effects of Amivantamab in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Lung and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Sun M. , Kang Seong-san , Kim Dong K. , Lee Soo-Hwan , Synn Chun-Bong , Baek Sujeong , Yang Seung M. , Han Yu J. , Kim Mi H. , Han Heekyung , Na Kwangmin , Kim Young T. , Yun Mi R. , Kim Jae H. , Byeon Youngseon , Kim Young S. , Lee Jii B. , Hong Min H. , Curtin Joshua C. , Patel Bharvin , Bergiers Isabelle , Pyo Kyoung-Ho , Cho Byoung C.
Published: July 2024

Antitumor effects of amivantamab w/wo pembrolizumab in HNSCC and LUSC tumor–bearing humanized PDX preclinical models. A, The intensity of EGFR and MET in YHIM-3003 (HNSCC) and YHIM-2010 (LUSC) tumors. B, The tumor progression of YHIM-3003 model over 19 days showing significant tumor regression by the combination treatment of amivantamab (30 mpk) and pembrolizumab (10 mpk) compared to single treatment of amivantamab and pembrolizumab (P < 0.001, n = 10 in each group). C, Tumor growth inhibition represented in a waterfall plot of HNSCC PDX model at day 19. D, Survival curve of HNSCC PDX demonstrating improved survival by the combination treatment (n = 10 in each group). E, Treatment of LUSC PDX using amivantamab at 30 mpk in combination with pembrolizumab (10 mpk, n = 10 in each group). No rebound of tumor growth was observed after the termination of amivantamab and combination treatment. F, Tumor regression in LUSC PDX showing significant tumor reduction by combination treatment of amivantamab (10 mpk) and pembrolizumab (10 mpk) compared to single treatment of amivantamab (P < 0.05) and pembrolizumab (P < 0.001, n = 10 in each group). G, Survival curve of LUSC PDX demonstrating improved survival by the combination treatment.
Data from Exploration of Immune-Modulatory Effects of Amivantamab in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Lung and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Sun M. , Kang Seong-san , Kim Dong K. , Lee Soo-Hwan , Synn Chun-Bong , Baek Sujeong , Yang Seung M. , Han Yu J. , Kim Mi H. , Han Heekyung , Na Kwangmin , Kim Young T. , Yun Mi R. , Kim Jae H. , Byeon Youngseon , Kim Young S. , Lee Jii B. , Hong Min H. , Curtin Joshua C. , Patel Bharvin , Bergiers Isabelle , Pyo Kyoung-Ho , Cho Byoung C.
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective first-line therapy for solid cancers. However, low response rate and acquired resistance over time has led to the need for additional therapeutic options. Here, we evaluated synergistic antitumor efficacy of EGFR × MET targeting bispecific antibody, amivantamab with PD-L1 immunotherapy, pembrolizumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma tumor–bearing humanized patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. We demonstrated that pembrolizumab or amivantamab alone was ineffective and that combination treatment induced a significant reduction of tumor growth in both models (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively). It appeared that combination of amivantamab and pembrolizumab significantly enhanced infiltration of granzyme B–producing CD8 T cells was in the TME of HNSCC PDX (P < 0.01) and enhanced neoantigen-associated central memory CD8 T cells in circulating immune cells. Analysis of single-cell RNA transcriptomics suggested that the tumor cells dramatically upregulated EGFR and MET in response to PD-L1 immunotherapy, potentially creating a metabolic state fit for tumor persistence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and rendered pembrolizumab ineffective. We demonstrated that EGFRHIGHMETHIGH subcluster displayed an increased expression of genes implicated in production of lactate [SLC16A3 and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)] compared to the EGFRLOWMETLOW cluster. Accumulation of lactate in the TME has been associated with immunosuppression by hindering the infiltration of tumor killing CD8 T and NK cells. This study proved that amivantamab reduced glycolytic markers in the EGFRHIGHMETHIGH subcluster including SLC16A3 and LDHA and highlighted remodeling of the TME by combination treatment, providing rationale for additional therapy of amivantamab with PD-1 immunotherapy.
Significance:
Amivantamab in synergy with pembrolizumab effectively eradicated EGFRHIGHMETHIGH tumor subcluster in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and overcame resistance against anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.