bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoreception and transcriptomic response to light during early development of a teleost with a life cycle tightly controlled by seasonal changes in photoperiod
Authors: Eilertsen Mariann , Dolan David W. P. , Bolton Charlotte M. , Karlsen Rita , Davies Wayne I. L. , Edvardsen Rolf B. , Furmanek Tomasz , Sveier Harald , Migaud Herve , Helvik Jon Vidar
Published: December 2022

Light cues vary along the axis of periodicity, intensity and spectrum and perception of light is dependent on the photoreceptive capacity encoded within the genome and the opsins expressed. A global approach was taken to analyze the photoreceptive capacity and the effect of differing light conditions on a developing teleost prior to first feeding. The transcriptomes of embryos and alevins of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to different light conditions were analyzed, including a developmental series and a circadian profile. The results showed that genes mediating nonvisual photoreception are present prior to hatching when the retina is poorly differentiated. The clock genes were expressed early, but the circadian profile showed that only two clock genes were significantly cycling before first feeding. Few genes were differentially expressed between day and night within a light condition; however, many genes were significantly different between light conditions, indicating that light environment has an impact on the transcriptome during early development. Comparing the transcriptome data from constant conditions to periodicity of white light or different colors revealed overrepresentation of genes related to photoreception, eye development, muscle contraction, degradation of metabolites and cell cycle among others, and in constant light, several clock genes were upregulated. In constant white light and periodicity of green light, genes associated with DNA replication, chromatin remodeling, cell division and DNA repair were downregulated. The study implies a direct influence of light conditions on the transcriptome profile at early developmental stages, by a complex photoreceptive system where few clock genes are cycling.
A role for brassinosteroid signalling in decision-making processes in the Arabidopsis seedling
Authors: Kalbfuß Nils , Strohmayr Alexander , Kegel Marcel , Le Lien , Grosse-Holz Friederike , Brunschweiger Barbara , Stöckl Katharina , Wiese Christian , Franke Carina , Schiestl Caroline , Prem Sophia , Sha Shuyao , Franz-Oberdorf Katrin , Hafermann Juliane , Thiemé Marc , Facher Eva , Palubicki Wojciech , Bolle Cordelia , Assaad Farhah F.
Published: December 2022

Plants often adapt to adverse conditions via differential growth, whereby limited resources are discriminately allocated to optimize the growth of one organ at the expense of another. Little is known about the decision-making processes that underly differential growth. In this study, we developed a screen to identify decision making mutants by deploying two tools that have been used in decision theory: a well-defined yet limited budget, as well as conflict-of-interest scenarios. A forward genetic screen that combined light and water withdrawal was carried out. This identified BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) alleles as decision mutants with “confused” phenotypes. An assessment of organ and cell length suggested that hypocotyl elongation occurred predominantly via cellular elongation. In contrast, root growth appeared to be regulated by a combination of cell division and cell elongation or exit from the meristem. Gain- or loss- of function bin2 mutants were most severely impaired in their ability to adjust cell geometry in the hypocotyl or cell elongation as a function of distance from the quiescent centre in the root tips. This study describes a novel paradigm for root growth under limiting conditions, which depends not only on hypocotyl-versus-root trade-offs in the allocation of limited resources, but also on an ability to deploy different strategies for root growth in response to multiple stress conditions.
Dynamic base stations selection method for passive location based on GDOP
Authors: Miao Sheng , Dong Liang , Hou Jingyu
Published: December 2022

For the problem of passive location in mobile cellular network, base stations (BSs) selection can improve positioning accuracy. Through the analysis of base station layout in cellular networks, using Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) as the optimization objective, we propose a Dynamic Base Stations Selection (DBSS) method in a cellular unit. This method enables the system to dynamically select the positioning base station when positioning target in the detection area. DBSS mainly include three steps: nearest base station calculation, layout of base stations analysis, and base station selection based on the target location. We mainly focus on the derivation of four-base station dynamic selection (DBSS4) and five-base station dynamic selection (DBSS5) algorithms. In simulation experiments, DBSS4 algorithm and DBSS5algorithm were compared with the state-of-the-art of BSs selection methods. The results show that our proposed method can achieve the exhaustive search in cellular cells and reduce more than 20% of the GDOP cumulative positioning error compared with the fixed four-base station selection algorithm. Meanwhile, the proposed method is more efficient, requires less running time and floating-point operations (FLOPs) than other comparison algorithm, and is independent of localization algorithms.
Algorithmic identification of atypical diabetes in electronic health record (EHR) systems
Authors: Cromer Sara J. , Chen Victoria , Han Christopher , Marshall William , Emongo Shekina , Greaux Evelyn , Majarian Tim , Florez Jose C. , Mercader Josep , Udler Miriam S.
Published: December 2022

Aims

Understanding atypical forms of diabetes (AD) may advance precision medicine, but methods to identify such patients are needed. We propose an electronic health record (EHR)-based algorithmic approach to identify patients who may have AD, specifically those with insulin-sufficient, non-metabolic diabetes, in order to improve feasibility of identifying these patients through detailed chart review.

Methods

Patients with likely T2D were selected using a validated machine-learning (ML) algorithm applied to EHR data. “Typical” T2D cases were removed by excluding individuals with obesity, evidence of dyslipidemia, antibody-positive diabetes, or cystic fibrosis. To filter out likely type 1 diabetes (T1D) cases, we applied six additional “branch algorithms,” relying on various clinical characteristics, which resulted in six overlapping cohorts. Diabetes type was classified by manual chart review as atypical, not atypical, or indeterminate due to missing information.

Results

Of 114,975 biobank participants, the algorithms collectively identified 119 (0.1%) potential AD cases, of which 16 (0.014%) were confirmed after expert review. The branch algorithm that excluded T1D based on outpatient insulin use had the highest percentage yield of AD (13 of 27; 48.2% yield). Together, the 16 AD cases had significantly lower BMI and higher HDL than either unselected T1D or T2D cases identified by ML algorithms (P<0.05). Compared to the ML T1D group, the AD group had a significantly higher T2D polygenic score (P<0.01) and lower hemoglobin A1c (P<0.01).

Conclusion

Our EHR-based algorithms followed by manual chart review identified collectively 16 individuals with AD, representing 0.22% of biobank enrollees with T2D. With a maximum yield of 48% cases after manual chart review, our algorithms have the potential to drastically improve efficiency of AD identification. Recognizing patients with AD may inform on the heterogeneity of T2D and facilitate enrollment in studies like the Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network (RADIANT).
Intelligence against complexity: Machine learning for nonuniform temperature-field measurements through laser absorption
Authors: Kang Ruiyuan , Kyritsis Dimitrios C. , Liatsis Panos
Published: December 2022

The effect of spatial nonuniformity of the temperature distribution was examined on the capability of machine-learning algorithms to provide accurate temperature prediction based on Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. First, sixteen machine learning models were trained as surrogate models of conventional physical methods to measure temperature from uniform temperature distributions (uniform-profile spectra). The best three of them, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), VGG13, and Boosted Random Forest (BRF) were shown to work excellently on uniform profiles but their performance degraded tremendously on nonuniform-profile spectra. This indicated that directly using uniform-profile-targeted methods to nonuniform profiles was improper. However, after retraining models on nonuniform-profile data, the models of GPR and VGG13, which utilized all features of the spectra, not only showed good accuracy and sensitivity to spectral twins, but also showed excellent generalization performance on spectra of increased nonuniformity, which demonstrated that the negative effects of nonuniformity on temperature measurement could be overcome. In contrast, BRF, which utilized partial features, did not have good generalization performance, which implied the nonuniformity level had impact on regional features of spectra. By reducing the data dimensionality through T-SNE and LDA, the visualizations of the data in two-dimensional feature spaces demonstrated that two datasets of substantially different levels of non-uniformity shared very closely similar distributions in terms of both spectral appearance and spectrum-temperature mapping. Notably, datasets from uniform and nonuniform temperature distributions clustered in two different areas of the 2D spaces of the t-SNE and LDA features with very few samples overlapping.
Visualization of human optic nerve by diffusion tensor mapping and degree of neuropathy
Authors: Łabieniec Łukasz , Lisowski Łukasz , Petrache Horia I. , Hładuński Marcin , Konopińska Joanna , Kochanowicz Jan , Szymański Krzysztof R.
Published: December 2022

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the human optic nerve and tract is technically difficult because of its small size, the inherent strong signal generated by the surrounding fat and the cerebrospinal fluid, and due to eddy current-induced distortions and subject movement artifacts. The effects of the bone canal through which the optic nerve passes, and the proximity of blood vessels, muscles and tendons are generally unknown. Also, the limited technical capabilities of the scanners and the minimization of acquisition times result in poor quality diffusion-weighted images. It is challenging for current tractography methods to accurately track optic pathway fibers that correspond to known anatomy. Despite these technical limitations and low image resolution, here we show how to visualize the optic nerve and tract and quantify nerve atrophy. Our visualization method based on the analysis of the diffusion tensor shows marked differences between a healthy male subject and a male subject with progressive optic nerve neuropathy. These differences coincide with diffusion scalar metrics and are not visible on standard morphological images. A quantification of the degree of optic nerve atrophy in a systematic way is provided and it is tested on 9 subjects from the Human Connectome Project.
Employee perceptions of non-communicable diseases health risks, absenteeism and the role of organisational support in a South African pharmaceutical manufacturing company
Authors: Gradidge Philippe Jean-Luc , Casteleijn Daleen , Palmeira António , Maddison Ralph , Draper Catherine E.
Published: December 2022

Background

The growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South African workers has been shown to be associated with absenteeism and increased risk of morbidity. Low-income workers living in urban settings are particularly vulnerable. Consultation with workers is crucial for understanding risks and identifying opportunities for intervention to promote health in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to examine South African pharmaceutical manufacturing workers’ perspectives of health risk factors and absenteeism, and to identify how they perceived a role for the organisation to initiate interventions to improve their health.

Materials and methods

Five focus groups were conducted to capture 27 employees’ perspectives. The semi-structured focus group discussions were recorded and analysed using a thematic content analysis approach.

Results

Participants indicated that they were aware of behavioural health risks such as prolonged sitting. They showed insight into strategies to prevent injuries and stay healthy, but also expressed dissatisfaction about the lack of organisational support, leading to stress and consequently absenteeism. Participants emphasized the responsibility of the organisation to support a range of health promoting strategies

Conclusions

The findings of this study are important for cultivating a tailored workplace intervention to reduce NCD risk factors in the pharmaceutical manufacturing workforce. It is vital that these be supported by leadership of the company through the provision of funding and the development of internal healthcare services.
Comparison between relative and absolute quantitative real-time PCR applied to single-cell analyses: Transcriptional levels in a key neuron for long-term memory in the pond snail
Authors: Hatakeyama Dai , Chikamoto Nozomi , Fujimoto Kanta , Kitahashi Takashi , Ito Etsuro
Published: December 2022

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a powerful method for measuring nucleic acid levels and quantifying mRNA levels, even in single cells. In the present study, we compared the results of single-cell qPCR obtained by different quantification methods (relative and absolute) and different reverse transcription methods. In the experiments, we focused on the cerebral giant cell (CGC), a key neuron required for the acquisition of conditioned taste aversion in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, and examined changes in the mRNA levels of 3 memory-related genes, cAMP-response element binding proteins (LymCREB1 and LymCREB2) and CREB-binding protein (LymCBP), during memory formation. The results obtained by relative quantification showed similar patterns for the 3 genes. For absolute quantification, reverse transcription was performed using 2 different methods: a mixture of oligo d(T) primers and random primers (RT method 1); and gene-specific primers (RT method 2). These methods yielded different results and did not show consistent changes related to conditioning. The mRNA levels in the samples prepared by RT method 2 were up to 3.3 times higher than those in samples prepared by RT method 1. These results suggest that for qPCR of single neurons, the efficacy and validity do not differ between relative and absolute quantification methods, but the reverse transcription step critically influences the results of mRNA quantification.
Lembrando dois amigos, revisitando dois livros
Authors: Dayan Daniel
Published: December 2022

Este ensaio é sobre dois amigos próximos, Elihu Katz e Todd Gitlin, e consiste numa reexploração de dois livros: Personal influence e Media events. Começando com Media events (1992), questiono se este prolonga o impulso que esteve na base de Personal influence ou se, pelo contrário, o desvaloriza ao ponto de, por vezes, o contradizer. Passo depois para Personal influence (1955) e olho para as circunstâncias da sua escrita e receção. Como eu era criança quando o livro saiu, confio no impressionante volume que, em 2006, The Annals of American Political and Social Science dedicou à sua génese. Este volume inclui fortes críticas, e discuto muitas delas, incluindo as mais radicais. No entanto, há muitas razões pelas quais acredito que o livro Personal influence não é menos importante hoje do que quando foi publicado. Também sugiro que, apesar da sua famosa contenda, os meus dois amigos por vezes concordaram entre si.
Quando Mário Mesquita entrevistou Elihu Katz
Authors: Gonçalves Telmo
Published: December 2022

Pretende-se neste trabalho assinalar os desaparecimentos recentes de Elihu Katz e Mário Mesquita, fazendo uma homenagem a estes dois autores que se cruzaram tendo como móbil principal a teoria dos acontecimentos mediáticos (media events). Estabelece-se, em primeiro lugar, um enquadramento sobre a importância desta teoria dos média criada por Elihu Katz e Daniel Dayan no trabalho de divulgação académica e reflexão teórica de Mário Mesquita. Procede-se, em segundo lugar, à reedição de uma entrevista a Elihu Katz, publicada por Mário Mesquita em 2003, na qual o sociólogo norte-americano expõe o seu pensamento acerca das transformações da esfera pública contemporânea – dos efeitos da Internet e dos então novos media ao nível da cidadania e da vida democrática – e da própria evolução da teoria dos acontecimentos mediáticos num ambiente marcado pela pulverização e globalização mediáticas.
Pensamento econômico e saúde
Authors: Carnut Leonardo , Mendes Áquilas
Published: December 2022

Este artigo analisa a trajetória do pensamento econômico e a questão da saúde, a partir da revisita à contribuição de Braga e Paula, buscando ressaltar sua crítica à visão neoclássica para repensar ‘o econômico’ na saúde no contexto contemporâneo. Optou-se pelo formato de ensaio como modalidade textual e utilizou-se a perspectiva de análise da episteme do método, tendo como intencionalidade uma meta-análise da crítica elaborada por esses autores, reatualizando-a. O artigo está estruturado em duas partes. A primeira analisa a trajetória histórica sobre a relação da saúde com o pensamento econômico, descrita por Braga e Paula, em 1981, no primeiro capítulo do seu livro “Saúde e previdência: estudos de política social”. A segunda parte se dedica a atualizar a crítica dos autores aos dias atuais, ressaltando suas contribuições, para refletir sobre o cenário da saúde no capitalismo contemporâneo. Por fim, breves considerações finais são apresentadas.
capitalismo também mata pela boca
Authors: Dias da Silva Guerra Lúcia , Carnut Leonardo
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a alimentação a partir da crítica marxista, utiliza-se do método marxiano materialista histórico-dialético para recorrer a processos históricos e sociais como investigação e exposição dos fatos, e por meio da lógica dialética busca produzir a análise e a interpretação da realidade cotidiana dos trabalhadores. O artigo organiza-se em duas partes: a primeira expõe as contradições existentes no tecido social sobre o tema e a segunda traz a análise histórica da situação de fome, alimentação, disponibilidade e acesso aos alimentos para a classe trabalhadora, dando destaque para os seus usos políticos como arma de extermínio e assassinato social desta classe, e o seu potencial de arregimentar forças e produzir caminhos revolucionários.
Bioestimulants on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar TAA Marhe in vitro
Authors: Katu Daniel Henrique Silva , Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos Pereira de , Andrade Christiano Lima Lobo de , Ventura Matheus Vinicius Abadia
Published: December 2022

Plant biostimulants are substances that can increase plant germination growth, and development, acting on the stimulation of cell division. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro action of two commercial biostimulants AgroRaiz® and Stimulate® on the physiological quality of seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cultivar TAA Marhe. Seeds of the TAA Marhe cultivar were used at the usual concentration of both biostimulants AgroRaiz® 0.3 L 100 kg-1 and Stimulate® 0.5 L 100 kg-1 seeds. Classic germination test, dry matter, root length and accelerated aging test were performed. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and four replications. The usual doses of biostimulators did not influence the germination rate and dry mass by the classical method; however, Stimulate® demonstrated action on mean root length. For the aging assay, AgroRaiz® proved to be superior to Stimulate® in germination and seedling dry matter.
The Additional Diagnostic Value of the Three-dimensional 3D ultrasound and Doppler angiography imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of left isomerism
Authors: Carle Gabriel , Guindi Wael El , Dreyfus Michel , Alassas Nidal
Published: December 2022

Objective
To highlight the value of 3D ultrasound and Doppler angiography imagingin the prenatal assessment of left fetal isomerism.

Methods
A retrospective offline analysis of volume datasets of 3 fetuses with left atrial isomerism by 3D ultrasound was conducted.

Conclusion
We believe that parasagittal view demonstrating the heart and the abdominal vessels is easy to obtain and interpret, offer a realistic anatomic image, needs no mental reconstruction of spatial relationships and is very beneficial mainly in detecting the situs. We propose to use 3D ultrasound systematically in suspected cases of atrial isomerism, and better understand and interpret fetal anatomy.
ANÁLISE MORFOMÉTRICA E DIAGNÓSTICO AMBIENTAL DA MICROBACIA DO CÓRREGO LIMO EM UBERABA - MG
Authors: Torres Jose Luiz Rodrigues , Cunha Mariana Rodrigues da , Martins Magda Stella de Melo , Sousa Joyce Silvestre de , Fabian Adelar José
Published: December 2022

Este estudo visa diagnosticar a deterioração socioeconômica, ambiental e avaliar as características morfométricas da microbacia do Córrego Limo, visitou-se a área de estudo, aplicando-se questionários numa amostra da população local. A deterioração social calculada (S) foi de 34,5%, evidenciando que os produtores têm origem urbana e baixa instrução. Para o fator econômico (E) obteve-se 39,1% e pode-se notar a dificuldade financeira do produtor rural que tem renda até cinco salários mínimos, pois sua produtividade é baixa. Para o fator tecnológico (T) obteve-se 26,5%, índice baixo para a região, que está relacionado à exploração agrícola na área, além da falta de assistência técnica. Para o fator sócio-econômico (S+E+T) obteve-se 34,3%, valor baixo, demonstrando a limitação nas condições de vida do produtor. Para o fator ambiental obteve-se 25,0%, valor também baixo, porém constata-se que Â¼ da ambiência já está deteriorada. Apesar dos maiores índices de deterioração serem menores que 50,0%, medidas mitigadoras precisam se implantadas, pois este processo tende evoluir. Através das análises morfométricas observa-se que o córrego é pequeno, a bacia possui um formato circular, tem drenagem, sinuosidade e declividade baixas, sendo uma área propensa a enchentes, porém o coeficiente de rugosidade revela que a microbacia possui aptidão para agricultura.
A ORGANIZAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO RURAL DE SEVERIANO DE ALMEIDA/RS
Authors: Trentin Gracieli , Pereira Filho Waterloo
Published: December 2022

As formas de atuação humana aliada às características naturais de cada área contribuem para a organização do espaço, dessa forma é importante estudar cada local considerando sua identidade. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a organização do espaço rural do Município de Severiano de Almeida/RS enfatizando o uso e ocupação desenvolvidos nas propriedades que compõe cada comunidade rural da área. Com esse intuito, realizou-se um levantamento de informações junto à população rural, após esta etapa os dados foram trabalhados em ambiente SIG sendo elaborado um banco de dados para auxiliar na análise espacial proposta. Verificou-se o predomínio de pequenas propriedades que tendem ao desenvolvimento de atividades diversificadas concomitantes, sendo este fato a garantia do desenvolvimento e manutenção da economia local, no entanto, a intensa utilização do espaço desencadeia impactos ao ambiente, tornando-se importante a efetivação de um planejamento ambiental condizente as características da área.
CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO E SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Montibeller-Filho Gilberto
Published: December 2022

O tema "crescimento e sustentabilidade" refere-se, de fato, Ã  relação entre o crescimento

econômico, o reflexo positivo deste na qualidade de vida da população e o cuidado com o

meio ambiente. Trata-se, portanto, da sustentabilidade econômica, conjuntamente à social e Ã 

ambiental, isto é, da essência do paradigma do desenvolvimento sustentável. Para uma

compreensão das razões do surgimento deste novo paradigma sócio-político e científico fazse,

inicialmente, uma necessária digressão histórica. Toma-se desde o momento em que a

economia foi mais fortemente vista como a vilã do meio ambiente, até chegar-se à construção

do novo paradigma do desenvolvimento sustentável ou ecodesenvolvimento. Depois, são

abordadas as formas atuais e mais importantes segundo as quais se desdobra uma série de

procedimentos públicos e privados que buscam conduzir as atividades econômicas guiadas

por esse paradigma, enfatizando-se o caso brasileiro.
COBERTURA VEGETAL NATURAL E USO ANTRÓPICO NAS UPGRH'S E BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS FEDERAIS DO BIOMA CERRADO-MG
Authors: Silva Mirna Karla Amorim , Rosa Roberto
Published: December 2022

O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar a distribuição da cobertura vegetal natural e uso

antrópico nas Unidades de Planejamento e Gestão de Recursos Hídricos (UPGRH's) e bacias

hidrográficas federais do Bioma Cerrado-MG. O Cerrado mineiro localiza-se entre as coordenadas

geográficas de 14º09' e 21º32' de latitude sul e 41º39' e 51º06' de longitude a oeste de Greenwich.

Para a realização deste trabalho foram utilizados os dados vetoriais georreferenciados de limite,

hidrografia e malha viária da área de estudo, as imagens do sensor ETM+/Landsat e os dados

A partir das análises realizadas, verificou-se que cerca de 52.51% da área de estudo apresentamse

ainda cobertos por vegetação natural, enquanto que 46.24% já perderam sua cobertura vegetal

natural, sendo ocupada por diferentes paisagens antrópicas. As UPGRH's mais preservadas são

a JQ3 e a SF4 e as menos preservadas são a GD3, GD6, GD8 e PN3. As bacias hidrográficas

federais mais preservadas são a bacia do rio Jequitinhonha e bacia do rio Pardo e as menos

preservadas são a bacia do rio Grande e bacia do rio Paranaíba. A metodologia utilizada foi

satisfatória e os resultados obtidos permitiram uma pequena contribuição ao conhecimento das

características ambientais do Cerrado mineiro.
ISLAM DAN CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPEKTIF USHUL FIKIH
Authors: Abbas Mustafid
Published: December 2022

Term atau konsep civil society merupakan konsep yang berasal dari Barat sehingga konsep tersebut tentu tidak akan pernah bisa ditemukan dalam khazanah pemikiran Islam. Oleh karena itu, beberapak kalangan menolak konsep civil society, namun sebagian yang lain justru ikut memperjuangkan terwujudnya civil society dalam masyarakat muslim. Penolakan dan penerimaan terhadap konsep civil society ini tidak terlepas dari pemahaman yang berbeda atas konsep tersebut. Kalangan yang menolak konsep civil society pada umumnya berpandangan bahwa konsep tersebut bukanlah konsep yang baik untuk diterapkan di negara- negara muslim. Selain itu, kalangan yang menolak konsep civil society juga melihat bahwa Islam memiliki konsep bermasyarakat yang jauh lebih baik, yakni masyarakat ideal (khair al-ummah), sebagaimana telah dicontohkan oleh rasul dalam kehidupan bersama di Madinah. Di sisi lain, kalangan yang menerima konsep civil society dan bahkan berusaha untuk mewujudkan konsep tersebut dalam masyarakat muslim berpandangan bahwa prinsip dasar yang terdapat pada konsep civil society sebenarnya sama, atau paling tidak memiliki kemiripan, dengan konsep masyarakat idel (khair al-ummah). Artikel ini hendak mendiskusikan konsep civil society yang berkembang dalam dunia muslim. Artikel ini akan difokuskan pada bagaimana para ilmuan Islam memandang dan menyikapi venomena maraknya gerakan civil society di berbagai negara Islam. Selain itu, artikel ini juga ingin menyoroti kemungkinan dilakukannya qanunisasi hukum Islam dalam sebuah masyarakat yang menganut konsep civil society.
TEORI NASKH MAHMOUD MUHAMMAD TAHA DAN SUMBANGSIHNYA BAGI PEMBARUAN HUKUM ISLAM DI DUNIA MODERN
Authors: Shalahuddin Shalahuddin
Published: December 2022

Dalam sejarahnya yang panjang, hukum Islam selalu berdialog dan berdialektika dengan realitas zamannya. Hal itu bisa dilihat dari kenyataan bahwa nabi, para sahabat, dan juga para ulama (fuqaha) selalu berusaha (berijtihad) untuk merespons dan mencarikan solusi bagi setiap persoalan hukum yang dihadapi oleh umatnya. Bahkan terdapat fakta bahwa sebagian ayat-ayat hukum juga diturunkan dalam konteks merespons atau memberi jawabatan atas suatu persoalan yang muncul atau dihadapi oleh nabi dan umatnya. Ini menunjukkan bahwa hukum Islam tidaklah statis (berjalan di tempat), melainkan dinamis dan bahkan progresif dalam merespons tuntutan zaman. Progresivitas hukum Islam juga tampak dari kenyataan bahwa para pemikir hukum Islam begitu peka dan responsif terhadap persoalan yang muncul di tengah-tengah umatnya. Mereka telah berusaha secara sungguh-sungguh (berijtihad) untuk menggali kandungan Al-Qur’an dan as-Sunnah demi menjawab problematika yang dihadapi umat. Untuk tujuan itu, tidak jarang dari mereka (para fuqaha) yang kemudian merumuskan metodologi penggalian hukum dari Al-Qur’an dan as-Sunnah. Artikel ini hendak mendiskusikan gagasan dari salah seorang pemikir muslim progresif asal Sudan, Mahmoud Muhammad Thaha, yang boleh dibilang sangat brilian, namun sekaligus kontroversial. Artikel ini akan difokuskan pada teori Naskh yang digagas oleh Muhammad Thaha tersebut bagi pembaruan hukum Islam di dunia modern.
Addressing Thermal Distortion in Additive Manufacturing of Topology Optimized Structures Through Reverse Shape Morphing
Authors: Jha Akhilesh , Pandey Gyanendra , Bedi Harpreet Singh
Published: December 2022

Design of light weight structures is an important aspect in the aircraft industry, since minimizing the weightof components improves the overall aircraft performance. However, conventional manufacturing methods work on standard geometries and shapes, and often lead to overdesigning of parts. Additive Manufacturing (AM) overcomes these issues by allowing more design freedom. The present study focuses on two aspects of AM: (1) part consolidation through topology optimization, and (2) addressing thermal distortion through reverse shape morphing. An assembly of two load bearing brackets is first amalgamated into a single Topology Optimized (TO) part, which satisfies the displacement and stress requirements of the original design. After a series of optimization iterations, the final TO part (278 g) weighs 69 % lesser than the original assembled design (909 g), still meeting the design constraints. The TO part thus eliminates the need of fasteners to join both the brackets, thereby, making the design simpler yet effective. Moreover, a homogeneous stress distribution in the optimized part allows for efficient material utilization. In order to overcome thermal distortion that results during the AM process, the shape of the TO part is transformed in a sense opposite to the distortions produced. This is achieved through reverse shape morphing technique, that reduces thermal distortions in the printed part to sub-micron levels, and the morphed TO part conforms to the requirements meeting the design constraints. Therefore, the implementation of topology optimization along with reverse shape morphing makes the design simple and efficient having reduced distortion. This is achieved without any need of modifications in the manufacturing system or equipment, and such a strategy can be replicated and implemented at industrial scale as well.
Ergodic capacity of correlated multiple-input–multiple-output channel with impact of transmitter impairments
Authors: Abdullah Mohammed Auday , Al-Masoody Wasan Hashim Jacob
Published: December 2022

The ergodic capacity of the ideal multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channel grows unboundedly at the-high SNRs because of the assumption that the transceivers used in the system do not affect the signal that passes through them. In reality, the transceivers used in the MIMO system suffer from many impairments such as phase noise, quantization noise, and non-linear amplifier. These physical transceivers will affect the signal that passes through them. Thus, the influence of the physical transceivers cannot be neglected in the analysis of the MIMO channel capacity. Additionally, another essential thing that must be considered when analyzing the MIMO channel capacity is the correlation between the channel elements. Therefore, to get results close to the behavior of the practical results for the capacity of any MIMO system, this article proposes an algorithm that simulates the capacity of the correlated MIMO channel that suffers from Rayleigh flat fading with the presence of the physical transmitter. This work is done by considering that the effect of the physical transmitter at the nth transmitting antenna is a Gaussian distortion noise with a zero mean and variance proportional to the power of the signal transmitted through the same antenna. The simulation process for the proposed technique is manipulated by MATLAB software with 10,000 realizations of the channel. Also, the transmitter impairment thresholds employ in the simulation are 0.08 and 0.175. The simulation results showed that the channel capacity with the physical transmitter stopped growing at a specific limit in the very high-SNRs, and it decreased at the medium and high SNRs when the correlation coefficient increased.
COVID-19 Impacts on United States Crawfish
Authors: Nguyen Ly , Schmitz Andrew , Kennedy P. Lynn
Published: December 2022

This research determines the impacts of COVID-19 US on crawfish production and consumption for 2020 and 2021 using an Equilibrium Displacement Model. In the US, crawfish is one of the seafood commodities where most production is consumed by domestic consumers (7% of domestic consumption is from imports). Crawfish and rice are complementary. Therefore, the impacts of COVID-19 on crawfish consumption simultaneously influence rice production and crawfish producers and consumers. In the first year of COVID-19 (2020), the reduction in crawfish retail demand caused negative effects on final consumers and producers. However, crawfish consumption recovered significantly in the second year (2021), which could compensate for the loss in 2020. Overall, consumer and producer gains ranged from $549 to $626 million if the COVID-19 pandemic only impacted retail consumption. However, in 2021, the increase in production costs due to higher oil/diesel prices and other input prices caused the farm supply to decrease. As a result, total welfare gains ranged from $200 to $228 million. If the demand in 2021 did not increase, but the crawfish farm supply decreased, consumer and producer losses ranged from $929 to $1045 million. Overall, the total effects of COVID-19 on consumers and producers for 2020 and 2021 depend on its effects in 2021. If the demand in 2021 increased following the decrease in farm supply, consumers and producers would benefit from the shocks of COVID-19 due to higher post-COVID-19 demand.
Protestantismus zwischen Nationalismus und Kosmopolitismus
Authors: Ortmann Volkmar , Sauer Mirjam
Published: December 2022

Der Protestantismus ist aufgrund seiner Struktur mit den nationalen Kontexten verflochten. Sprache und Kultur sind konstitutiv für die Herausbildung konfessioneller Identität. Protestantismus zeigt sich so als vielfältig, wird aber vom erstarkenden Nationalismus herausgefordert. Die Überzeugung, dass Christus die Mitte der Gemeinschaft ist, ermöglicht, für unterschiedliche Identitäten offen zu sein und einem „toxischen Nationalismus“ zu widerstehen.
Chemogenetic Enhancement of cAMP Signaling Renders Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity Resilient to the Impact of Acute Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Walsh Emily Nicole , Shetty Mahesh Shivarama , Diba Kamran , Abel Ted
Published: December 2022

Sleep facilitates memory storage and even brief periods of sleep loss lead to impairments in memory, particularly memories that are hippocampus dependent. In previous studies, we have shown that the deficit in memory seen after sleep loss is accompanied by deficits in synaptic plasticity. Our previous work has also found that sleep deprivation (SD) is associated with reduced levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the hippocampus and that the reduction of cAMP mediates the diminished memory observed in sleep-deprived animals. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that cAMP acts as a mediator for not only the cognitive deficits caused by sleep deprivation, but also the observed deficits in synaptic plasticity. In this study, we expressed the heterologousDrosophila melanogasterGαs-protein-coupled octopamine receptor (DmOctβ1R) in mouse hippocampal neurons. This receptor is selectively activated by the systemically injected ligand (octopamine), thus allowing us to increase cAMP levels in hippocampal neurons during a 5-h sleep deprivation period. Our results show that chemogenetic enhancement of cAMP during the period of sleep deprivation prevents deficits in a persistent form of long-term potentiation (LTP) that is induced at the Schaffer collateral synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region. We also found that elevating cAMP levels in either the first or second half of sleep deprivation successfully prevented LTP deficits. These findings reveal that cAMP-dependent signaling pathways are key mediators of sleep deprivation at the synaptic level. Targeting these pathways could be useful in designing strategies to prevent the impact of sleep loss.
BROWNFIELDS AND GREENFIELDS ASSESSMENT METHOD IN RELATION TO VALUE POTENTIAL AND EFFICIENT USE
Authors: Dvořáková Líšková Zuzana , Sagapova Nikola , Buchtele Roman
Published: December 2022

Brownfields and greenfields are examples of areas that report partial, however rather significant changes in the spatial organization of localities of economic and sometimes social changes. A large part of them emerged in areas originally used for industrial production and other economic activities, including former agricultural primary production. In the case of investor interest and with the support of the public sector, they can be transformed back into an area of growth and prosperity; which is discussed as the main motivation for writing the paper. The cost of reusing of such areas is in many cases very high and it is therefore necessary to find a suitable methodological tool to assess the suitability of revitalization and cultivation. The paper presents a newly proposed method for evaluating brownfields and greenfields in terms of their value potential and the way they can be further effectively utilised. Practical verification of the method was carried out at two localities (a brownfield in the village of Želeč and a greenfield in the village of Vidov) from the South Bohemian Region. Both test sites were comparable in terms of their possible future use (e.g., housing, civic amenities, greening). The potential of the tested sites was determined by means of the preference index and the most effective solutions for both areas of interest were proposed. Both localities could be interesting for investors, entrepreneurs and people with higher income. The obtained results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed method for the evaluation and decision-making on the further use of brownfields and greenfields in the Czech Republic.
¿Modula el efecto del feedback la percepción de competencia del entrenador?
Authors: Sánchez M. , García J.A. , Carcedo R. , Soto D.
Published: December 2022

El objetivo fue analizar el efecto de diferentes tipos de feedback sobre variables psicológicas y de rendimiento en función de la percepción del deportista de la competencia del entrenador. Se realizó un estudio de caso con 33 futbolistas asignados aleatoriamente a tres condiciones experimentales (feedback positivo, negativo y ausencia de feedback). Se midieron velocidad y precisión de lanzamientos a portería, valoración de competencia, competencia percibida, motivación autónoma y vitalidad subjetiva. Se empleó un nivel ? de 0,05 para los análisis. El grupo feedback positivo exhibió niveles más altos de valoración de competencia, competencia percibida, motivación autónoma y bienestar, que los de feedback negativo y ausencia de feedback, en sujetos con alta percepción de competencia del entrenador. Este efecto no se observó en aquellos con baja percepción de competencia del entrenador. La percepción del jugador sobre la competencia del entrenador podría ser un factor en la modulación de las diferencias generadas en cuanto al tipo de feedback.
Análisis del riesgo de ahogamiento asociado al entorno acuático y competencia natatoria
Authors: Szpilman D. , Gaino Pinheiro A.M. , Madormo S. , Palacios-Aguilar J. , Otero-Agra M. , Blitvich J. , Barcala-Furelos R.
Published: December 2022

Un alto nivel de natación puede ser un factor protector ante el ahogamiento, sin embargo, esta relación todavía no ha sido empíricamente demostrada, en base al nivel de habilidad y entorno acuático. Este estudio diseñó una matriz de riesgo de ahogamiento en base al análisis probabilístico de un cuestionario respondido por 3.181 participantes. Se analizó la ocurrencia de Estrés/Distrés acuático (EDA) en base a 5 niveles de competencia y tres entornos acuáticos: a) Piscina sin olas ni corrientes, b) Lagos, embalses, ríos y playas sin olas ni corrientes, c) Ríos, playas o piscinas con olas y/o corrientes. Los resultados se expresaron en Odds Ratio (OR). El riesgo de EDA superó el OR de 25 en el entorno más peligroso y se incrementó para todos los escenarios conforme la competencia acuática era peor. Tres de cada cuatro nadadores han sufrido EDA y este evento pudo ser un incentivo para mejorar sus competencias acuáticas.
Fiabilidad y validez de las pruebas v-sit-and-reach y toe-touch en preescolares
Authors: Pérez-Vigo C. , Sanchez-Lastra M.A. , Martínez-de-Quel O. , Ayan C.
Published: December 2022

Este estudio de carácter psicométrico tuvo como objetivo evaluar la fiabilidad y validez de las pruebas V-Sit and Reach (VS) y Toe –Touch (TT) en población preescolar. De un total inicial de 158 participantes, 132 realizaron las pruebas en tres ocasiones. La prueba de elevación pasiva de la pierna recta (PSLR) se usó como indicador de validez. Ambas pruebas mostraron una fiabilidad excelente (CCI=0,91-0,93 para el VS; CCI=0,93-0,97 para el TT). Se observaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) entre ambas herramientas y la prueba de PSLR para todos los grupos analizados, excepto en el TT en el grupo de 3 años de edad. En conclusión, estos hallazgos indican que tanto el VS como el TT son pruebas con una validez moderada para evaluar la flexibilidad de la parte inferior del cuerpo en preescolares. La prueba VS puede ser preferible sobre la prueba TT.
Portretas
Authors: Lotman Jurij
Published: December 2022

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Kultūros atmintis
Authors: Lotman Jurij
Published: December 2022

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KEBERTAHANAN PASAR TRADISIONAL SAWAH LUNTO MENGHADAPI PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Alimir Alimir , Rizqi Fathur , Meldianto Redni Putri
Published: December 2022

This research is a case study based on field research. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The selection of informants is through a purposive sampling method, where the informants are selected based on certain criteria, including knowing the ins and outs of the research problem, so that in this study the most logical informants are economic actors consisting of sellers and buyers in the traditional markets of Sawahlunto. The number of informants in this study were 10 people consisting of 6 buyers and 4 sellers. Determination of the number of informants is based on snowball sampling, where when the data is considered saturated, the number of informants is considered sufficient to describe the actual situation. Observation and interview were chosen as data collection techniques. This article aims to describe the economic impacts faced by Sawahlunto Traditional Market traders due to the worldwide co-19 pandemic. The results of this study were during the covid-19 pandemic and the implementation of the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB), the traditional markets of Sawahlunto were significantly affected. The impact of PSBB was especially felt by traders of cloth, clothing, crockery, shoes, photocopying, and electronics stores. Another case with Gold Traders, despite a decline in transactions, world gold prices jumped sharply, so it is assumed that Gold Traders are still benefiting from this pandemic situation. In terms of gender, the number of male traders is more dominantly affected than female traders. The dominance of traders affected by the adam due to the majority of the economic sector which is engaged in daily commodities, such as food and spices are dominated by women, where the PSBB does not greatly affect the sale of daily goods, because these commodities are the most basic staples vital for the continuity of human life, and still needed whatever the circumstances and conditions that afflict humans.
KEARIFAN LINGKUNGAN: TRADISI MASYARAKAT JAWA DALAM UPAYA MENGHORMATI ENTITAS ALAM
Authors: Thohari Ahmad Miftahudin
Published: December 2022

The environment or nature has an important position for human life. Without nature, man can be said to be impossible to live. Nature is a place where humans live, so maintaining, caring for, and beautifying the existence of nature into something that must be done by humans. Man is an integral part of nature itself. So that humans have a responsibility to maintain and preserve it. However, when technological sophistication and the advancement of civilization reached the heart of human consciousness in the modern era, it became the cause of environmental damage (environmental crisis). And, today the environmental crisis has become a vital problem for human life. It then demands the return of human awareness of the fate of nature or the environment in various ways. Through the library research method in this article intends to provide a description of how the concept of environmental wisdom (ecosophy) java man positions nature in his life consciousness, following also presented some Javanese traditions related to respect and preservation of nature as an entity that has given it life.
Self-Orientalism at Europe’s Margins
Authors: Stuparich Eloisa
Published: December 2022

In this paper, I discuss Latvian participation in the Nath Sampradaya on the background of a deep history of Baltic fascination with the East. I highlight three different levels of self-understanding for the practitioners of this religious movement: historical imaginary, ritual practice, and interfaith dialogue. While partaking of the rhetoric of Indo-Baltic kinship that has by now become part of the self-representation of the Balts, the Latvian yogis do not strive for a Hindu-pagan revival, but identify instead in forms of esoteric ritual practice (tantra) and bodily discipline (yoga) a preferred tool to regain a notion of themselves as self-ruling, empowered subjects, thus projecting onto the realm of the embodied self the quest for independence historically expressed in the public sphere. Interfaith dialogue, represented by their collaboration with a Catholic priest, emerges as an unexpected element.
The Visnu Purana: Ancient Annals of the God with Lotus Eyes, translated from the Sanskrit by McComas Taylor.
Authors: Brodbeck Simon
Published: December 2022

The Visnu Purana: Ancient Annals of the God with Lotus Eyes, translated from the Sanskrit by McComas Taylor. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 2021. xvi + 562 pp., $75 (print), free download (press.anu.edu.au). ISBN 9781760464400 (print), 9781760464417 (online).
Botanical Ecstasies: Psychoactive Plant Formulas in India and Beyond, by Matthew Clark.
Authors: Ferrari Fabrizio
Published: December 2022

Botanical Ecstasies: Psychoactive Plant Formulas in India and Beyond, by Matthew Clark. London: Psychedelic Press, 2021. 69 pp. £9.99 (pb). ISBN 978191626711.