bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of FEZ2 as a potential oncogene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Chaozhi , Wang Xuebing , Qiu Chenjie , Zheng Ziruo , Lin Kai , Tu Min , Zhang Kai , Jiang Kuirong , Gao Wentao
Published: January 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the common malignant tumors with high lethal rate and poor prognosis. Dysregulation of many genes have been reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of PDAC. However, as a highly conserved gene in eukaryotes, the role of Fasciculation and Elongation protein Zeta 2 (FEZ2) in pancreatic cancer progression is not clear. In this study, we identified the oncogenic effect of FEZ2 on PDAC. By mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found that FEZ2 was upregulated in PDAC tissues and FEZ2 expression was negatively regulated by its methylation. Moreover, high expression and low methylation of FEZ2 correlated with poor prognosis in PDAC patients. Besides, we found that FEZ2 could promote PDAC cells proliferation, migration and 5-FU resistance in vitro. Furthermore, Gene pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between Wnt signaling activation and FEZ2 expression in PDAC patients. Western blot showed that FEZ2 knockdown significantly suppressed β-catenin expression. Collectively, our finding revealed that FEZ2 functioned as a potential oncogene on PDAC progression and migration, and the expression of FEZ2 had guidance value for the treatment and chemotherapy program of PDAC patients.
Contralateral Breast Primary in Breast Cancer Survivors-An Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Authors: Paul Manu , Vasudev Athul K , Bhargavan Rexeena V , Cherian Kurian , Augustine Paul
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Improved life expectancy after breast cancer treatment has led to increased incidence of contralateral breast cancers. There are no well established guidelines for the management of these cancers. There is a paucity of Indian data regarding contralateral breast cancers. Aim: To describe the clinicopathological profile and prognostic outlook of patients with contralateral breast cancers. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in which all patients who underwent surgery for non metastatic breast cancer between January 2006-December 2010 at Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, were identified. The follow-up data of these patients (6240 patients) were retrieved from medical records division in January 2020. The medical records of all these patients who developed contralateral breast cancer were analysed. Results: A total of 98 patients (1.57%) developed contralateral breast cancer. Most of the second breast cancers were presented at a lower stage than index cancer. Twenty five patients (25.51%) contralateral breast cancers were detected after five years. A total of 58 patients (59.18%) had interval cancer. Among them, 32 (55.17%) were detected by the treating doctor and 26 patients (44.83%) were symptomatic. The median duration of follow-up was 98 months (range 24-150 months). The five year Overall Survival (OS) was 80.5% and five year Disease Free Survival (DFS) was 62.8%. The patients who developed contralateral breast cancer within three years had lower five year OS when compared to those who developed after three years (75.5% vs 86.7% p=0.85). Five year OS was 74.8%, 81% and 85% for patient reported interval cancer, physician detected interval cancers and mammogram detected cancers respectively (p=0.9). Conclusion: Most contralateral breast cancers presented in a lower stage than index cancer. Contralateral breast cancer has got a reasonably good five year OS. There is no significant OS difference between mammogram detected second cancer and interval cancer. There was a need for more frequent clinical breast examination even after five years to detect contralateral primary in an early stage. Cost effectiveness of frequent follow- up mammogram examinations compared to clinical examination should be evaluated in future prospective studies.
Impact of Foliar Application of Nano Nitrogen, Zinc and Copper on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Rice
Authors: Chandana P. , Latha K. R. , Chinnamuthu C. R. , Malarvizhi P. , Lakshmanan A.
Published: January 2022

A field experiment was conducted during spring 2020-21 at Wetland farms of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the effect of foliar Nanonutrients (N, Zn and Cu) application on the yield and nutrient uptake by rice at harvest. Twelve treatments with three replications were laid out in randomized complete block design. The results revealed that application of 100% NPK + Nano N at active tillering (T3) and 75% N + 100% PK + Nano N at active tillering (T4) increased the grain yield (5112 and 5063 kg ha-1) and N uptake (106.48 and 89.51 kg ha-1) of rice, respectively and was on par with 100% NPK + Nano Zn at active tillering and panicle emergence (T10). However, significantly higher Zn and Cu uptake were recorded in 100% NPK + Nano Zn at active tillering and panicle emergence (T10, 457.61 g ha-1) and 100% NPK + Nano Cu at active tillering and panicle emergence (T12, 92.36 g ha-1), respectively which was followed by 100% NPK + Nano N at active tillering (T3, 372.45 and 81.51 g ha-1) and 75% N + 100% PK + Nano N at active tillering (T4, 355.41 and 84.13 g ha-1). Thus, it can be concluded that application of foliar Nano N at active tillering along with soil application of either 100% NPK or 75% N + 100% PK can provide better results in terms of grain yield and nutrient uptake.
Assessment of Post Vaccination Symptoms Following COVID-19 Vaccination in India: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Sanjay Deshpande , Sachin Patil , Nagrale Ninad , Chakole Swarupa
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The recent examples of newly emerged diseases that causes alarming situation globally include H1N1, Congo Hemorrhagic fever, Ebola virus diseases, Nipah Virus Infection, Lassa Fever and newly declared global emergency pandemic SARS nCOVID-19 infection. Since its emergence, it has spread around the globe. It tends to spread by the inhalation of the respiratory aerosols, direct human contact.

Materials and Methods: This analytical study was carried out among the healthcare workers and people who received either of Covishield or Covaxin. The online survey questionnaire was prepared and data obtained through the responses to the survey proforma.

Results: 86.17% respondents were above 40 years, 69.15% males and 30.85% were females. 89.36% were vaccinated with Covishield and 10.64% by Covaxin. 75.53% respondents experienced post vaccination symptoms; commonest were the local pain at injection site (28.72%), fever (12.76%), Myalgia (12.77%). The symptoms were found more in respondents with any of co-morbid condition.

Discussion: Covishield was used more commonly than Covaxin in study samples. The symptoms following vaccination were more common in 40-60 age group and persons with co-morbid conditions.
COVID -19 Pandemic: A Review Article
Authors: Sengupta Riddhima
Published: January 2022

Corona virus infection is caused by a virus of COVID- 19 strain. this infection is spread by close contact with infected person and mainly due to droplets, this virus may remain alive on surfaces which was touched by an infected person .so to stop its spread it was necessary to reduce human contact, for that all countries around the world including India declared complete of all places where mass people gatherings were happens. WHO announced Covid- 19 infection as a global pandemic and this was a global emergency required complete lockdown. This necessary lockdown was for stoppage of infection spread but it also impacted very badly on every individual’s lifestyle.

Conclusion: PHC are the easily assessable and cost friendly for rural peoples but during this pandemic situation these PHC are not prepared for facing COVID -19 pandemic. Due to less accessibility to media and less media coverage exact situation in rural areas was not stated properly also less knowledge in rural peoples about COVID -19 infection was reason of high risk of spread of infection amongst them. Children in rural areas who are economically not that much well can’t get access to internet and cannot afford the mobile or laptops for online education this made the chances of drop outs in these children. During lockdown due to pandemic all the farmers and small shop holders faced huge loss ,this was the period of great earnings from various rabi crops but due to shortage of labor and non-availability of various machineries delay harvest and this lead to huge loss for farmers.
Cytotoxic Effect of Pterocarpus santalinus and stevia-based Mouthwash - A Lab-based Analysis
Authors: Nandita R. , Priyadharshini R. , Rajeshkumar S. , Sinduja P.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Red sandalwood called as Pterocarpus santalinus is esteemed for the rich red colour of its wood. Pterocarpus santalinus used as astringent, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Also helpful in treating skin illness, fistula, haemorrhage and ulcers. Stevia rebaudina is a food additive with lingering flavor. The wood isn't aromatic. The tree isn't to be mistaken for the fragrant Santalum sandalwood trees that fill locally in South India. In the present study we have prepared Pterocarpus santalinus and stevia-based mouthwash and evaluated its cytotoxic activity.

Materials and Methods: 1g of Pterocarpus santalinus and stevia were measured and 50 ml of distilled water were measured. Both were mixed together to make the aqueous extract. To that 10 nauplii were slowly added and the cytotoxic activity is analysed by the number of live nauplii counts. 

Results: First day, Nauplii were grown in the medium and it hatches out after 24 hours. Second day, Mouthwash was added according to the concentration. Nauplii were collected and for each concentration 10 nauplii were added. After adding the nauplii, cytotoxicity well as undisturbed for one full day to analyze the inhibition of growth. Third day, nauplii were counted and cytotoxicity of mouthwash was evaluated. Statistical analysis showed significant reduction in the nauplii count (P<0.05). 

Conclusion: Medicinal plants cure many severe diseases. Application of medicinal plants in the field of medicine should be improved. Based on the results recorded in the present study, it is concluded that Pterocarpus santalinus has a potential cytotoxicity activity. Hence the present study findings provide a beautiful base for some of the medicinal uses of Pterocarpus santalinus.
To Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Mid-Wife Led Continuity of Care Model (MLCC) on Final Year Nursing Students
Authors: Lalawmpuii A. , Taksande Vaishali
Published: January 2022

Background: In many parts of the world, midwives are the primary providers of care for childbearing women. There are considerable variations in the organisation of midwifery services and in the education and role of midwives. Childbearing women are often faced with different opinions as to which option might be best for them. The midwife‐led continuity model of care is based on the premise that pregnancy and birth are normal life events. Pregnancy and birth are significant life events for women and their families and midwife supports a woman throughout pregnancy, birth, and the postnatal period. So, the demand for services that are family friendly, women focused, safe and accessible is increasing.

Objectives: 1) To assess the existing knowledge regarding mid-wife led continuity of care model on final year nursing students. 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding mid-wife led continuity of care model (MLCC) on final year nursing students. 3) To find out the association between knowledge regarding mid-wife led continuity of care model (MLCC) with selected demographic variables.

Materials and Methods: In this study, evaluatory research approach and one group pre-test post-test research design was used. The study was conducted at a Selected Nursing College. The sample was collected from final year nursing students (120) by using non-probability convenient sampling technique.

Results: In this study the study of the findings shows that 10.83% had good level of knowledge score in pre-test. While in post-test, out of 120 subjects the majority of the subjects and 92.50% had good level of knowledge score. This statistically shows that there is profound level of improvement on knowledge.

Conclusion: Hence, this implies that the planned teaching was effective.  Also, the study shows that the knowledge scores of final year nursing students is associated with the age in year and course of study. Hence, this means that greater the number of age in years and the course, greater level of knowledge scores. However, gender was not found to be associated.
Perception of Health Care Worker about Uptake of Influenza Vaccine in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Alshahrani Amal M. , Mellebary Hamzh Esam , Albayyahi Yara Rashed A. , Alsakiti Ali Ibrahim Ali , Alshahrani Abdullaziz A. , Alasmari Mohammed Abdulrahman , AlShahrani Abdulaziz Zafer , Alosayfir Ziyad Ali , Radhwan Hawra Hussain Al , Alshahrani Abdulmajeed Dhafer , Alsudairy Omar , Alharbi Alhanouf Dhaifallah Hamad , Alshehri Mohmmed A.
Published: January 2022

Background: Considering the important role of health workers in increasing seasonal influenza vaccination coverage and the similarity of seasonal influenza to COVID -19, it is important to increase vaccination rates to reduce the risk of both diseases.

Objective: In this study, we aim to investigate how health workers perceive the importance of influenza vaccination, especially in the era of COVID -19.

Results: The study involved 316 health workers from Abha in 2021, most of them were physicians, male and young. Participants agreed that influenza can be a serious illness and that the vaccine is very safe. Most HCWs would have preferred to inform their patients about the vaccine. This result changes if the patient disagrees with the COVID -19 vaccine.

Conclusion: Despite the low rate of seasonal influenza vaccination, there is a need to recruit health workers to increase this rate, especially in the Covid 19 era.
A Study on the Impact of Parent-child Relationship and Socioeconomic Status on Problem Behaviour among Children
Authors: Malakar Partha
Published: January 2022

Aim: The aim of study was to examine whether there exists significant difference in problem behavior among children with the variation in socioeconomic status in the family and parent child relationship (mother-child and father-child relationship).

Study Design: A cross-sectional analytical study.

Place and Duration of Study: Data collected in group (maximum with 20 participants by maintaining necessary Covid protocols) at schools in Kolkata with special appointment and after taking consent from the school authority and the participants in November, 2021.

Methodology: 100 Bengali parents as participants from Kolkata with 30 to 45 years of age and having children within 10 years of age were included following necessary inclusion criteria. The tools used for the study were an information schedule, modified Kuppuswamy SES scale, the Child Behaviour Checklist and parent child relationship scale.

Results: Results revealed that the problem behavior in children differed significantly due to the variation in socioeconomic status of the family and parent child relationship (in terms of mother child and father child relationship). Thus, the impact of socioeconomic status and parent child relationship on problem behavior among children is significant (P< .001).

Conclusion: The present study concludes that there are significant impact of socioeconomic status and parent child relationship on problem behavior of the children. The present study has implications in emphasizing that socioeconomic status of the family and nature of parent child relationship play a pivotal role in generating internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors sometimes separately and sometimes together which gradually may turn into developing chronic psychological disturbances. Therefore, immediate measures should be taken to develop concern and to implement psychological intervention.
Phytoconstituents Isolation and Hepatoprotective Activity Potential of Averrhoa bilimbi Leaf Extract
Authors: Prabhu Raghavendra , Fernandes Ronald , Govinda K. Adarsha
Published: January 2022

Objective: To isolate and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the crude ethanolic leaf extract of Averrhoa bilimbi

Methods: The leaves of Averrhoa bilimbi were extracted by cold maceration using ethanol as a solvent, and the solvent fractions were obtained with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Preliminary phytochemical tests were performed for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites. Plant chemical constituents were isolated using column chromatography and characterized by IR,1HNMR,13CNMR and mass spectroscopic values. Albino rats were treated with the vehicles (distilled water or 2% Tween 80), three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the crude ethanol extract and the standard drug (silymarin 100 mg/kg), and the hepatotoxicant paracetamol. Then, the levels of biomarkers of liver injury – such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) – and liver function such as bilirubin were measured along with histopathological examination.

Results: Preliminary phytochemical studies shown the presence of n-docosanoic acid and beta

sitosterol from petroleum extract and from ethyl acetate a flavonoid apigenin.The ethanol extract suppressed the plasma levels of AST, ALT and ALP (P=0.05) in the aforementioned doses. Maximum hepatoprotective activity was observed at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight.

Conclusion: Averrhoa bilimbi is endowed with hepatoprotective activity, probably with the presence its chemical constituents like sterols,flavonoids and terpenoids.
Application of E-Pharmacies in India
Authors: Agarwal Aman , Parkhi Shilpa
Published: January 2022

Consumer convenience and access are improved through E-pharmacy. This will mostly benefit chronic old patients living in nuclear families, as well as people who are unable to travel to a pharmacy. E-pharmacy also offers competitive prices, making drugs more affordable to those who are less well-off. Consumers in India focused on staying indoors after the COVID-19 lockdown was announced, which forced people to go digital, whether to pay bills or contact doctors. There are no exceptions when it comes to e-pharmacies. Brick-and-mortar pharmacies' home delivery of medicines has also increased. The aim of this paper is to discover and experimentally validate the many characteristics that influence customer acceptance, usage, and intent to suggest E-pharmacy for pharmaceutical purchases. This paper also aims to identify the factors that influence customers on choosing between the various e-pharmacies (PharmEasy, Tata 1mg, Net Meds,                             Apollo 24x7) providing their service in the market. For this research, the information from 106 respondents was collected and it was found that factors like ease of buying, discounts, user experience, customer care, and availability of the medicines/healthcare products influences their buying behaviour.
Analysis of Histological Features of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus of Albino Rats Using Haematoxylin & Eosin Stain- An Observational Study
Authors: Shreejha M. V. , Priyadharshini R. , Sinduja Palati , Meghashree V.
Published: January 2022

Background: The study determined the histological layers of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the albino rat brain samples has been used in the study. The Cerebral cortex is composed of the Molecular layer, external granular, external pyramidal layer, internal granular layer and interior pyramidal layer. The layers of the hippocampus are alveus, stratum oriens, stratum pyramidale, stratum radiatum, stratum lacunosum and stratum moleculare. The aim of the study is to analyze the detailed histological features of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus layers of albino rats at the magnification of 10X,100X,40X. By using haematoxylin and eosin stain as an observational study.

Materials and Methods: The samples were preserved and fixed with the formalin and stained by haematoxylin and eosin and observed with a light microscope.

Results: The molecular layer is the superficial layer containing neurons. The outer granular layer of the cells are densely packed. Outer pyramidal layer contains rich pyramidal cells, Inner granular layer contains stellate cells, Inner pyramidal layer contains glial cells and the deeper multiform layer is composed of pyramidal cells. The hippocampus contains three layers of cornu Ammonia CA1, CA2, CA3. CA1 responds to memory and is covered by the choroid plexus. CA2 contains 3 major cell dentate gyrus, pyramidal cells, pyramidal neurons and CA3 composed of stratum lucidum.

Conclusion: The study of brain analysis of histological features of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the brain adds a greater insight in understanding the histology of various types of layers in rat brain and morphology of brain cells.
A Review on SLN and NLC for Management of Fungal Infections
Authors: Ramu B. G. , Spandana K. M. Asha , Divith K. , Nagashree A. G. , Patel Amit B. , Preethi S.
Published: January 2022

Fungal disease is an invasive, serious, and systemic topical infection that affects the mucous membranes, tissues, and skin of humans. Oral medicines, on the other hand, have significant side effects, making topical treatments a viable alternative. Many antifungal medications applied through the skin in various conventional forms (gels or creams) may cause skin redness, erythema, stinging, and burning sensations. A promising approach to overcome the limitation of conventional form is the use of Nanocarriers for the treatment of skin infections since it allows targeted drug delivery, enhanced skin permeability, and controlled release and hence offers a lower risk of side effects. During the last few decades, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have gained a lot of attention. SLNs were designed to overcome the drawbacks of conventional colloidal carriers, such as emulsions, liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles, by offering benefits such as a good release rate and drug targeting with high physical stability. NLCs are SLNs that have been modified (Second generation SLN) to improve stability and capacity loading. This review discusses the pathophysiology of the fungal diseases, the application of SLN and NLC, its method of preparation, Characterization, and an overview of clinical trials on SLN and NLC for the treatment of fungal infection.
Comparative Randomised Study between Bupivacaine with Clonidine and Ropivacaine with Clonidine Used Caudally for Postopertaive Analgesia in Paediatric Hypospadias Surgery
Authors: Shatalwar Aditi , Bhalerao Nikhil , Jadhav Jui , Wanjari Dnyanshree , Landge Suhas , Taksande Karuna
Published: January 2022

Background: This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the caudal epidural clonidine when mixed with ropivacaine and bupivacaine in prolonging postoperative analgesia in children of Indian genotype undergoing hypospadias surgery, as well as compare the intraoperative haemodynamics using caudal bupivacaine with clonidine vs ropivacaine with clonidine. The study was also aimed at studying the side effects and the duration of post-operative pain relief of bupivacaine with clonidine v/s ropivacaine with clonidine.

Methods: This is a prospective randomised comparative study that was carried out in the Department of Anaesthesiology, KEM Hospital, Pune, over 12 months (from October 2016 to September 2017), among 56 children having an ASA Grade of II, aged between 1 to 8 years admitted for hypospadias surgery. The data gathered was cleaned using Microsoft Excel, before statistical analysis was done.

Results: It was observed that caudal epidural analgesic duration was more in the bupivacaine clonidine group than in the ropivacaine clonidine group. The sedation score was higher at the second hour in the bupivacaine clonidine group. The HR and mean arterial pressure values were found to be notably higher in the ropivacaine clonidine group than those in the bupivacaine clonidine group. Intraoperatively and postoperatively, there was a decrease in pulse rate and MAP but at no time did the value reach the criteria for intervention. Other side effects like postoperative vomiting, nausea, motor blockade, respiratory distress not observed in any group.

Conclusion: Bupivacaine 0.25 % 0.5 ml per kg with clonidine 1 microgram / kg via caudal route increased the duration of postoperative analgesia with no adverse effects as compared to ropivacaine 0.25 % with clonidine 1 microgram/ kg. Hence clonidine is more efficient in increasing postoperative analgesia when added with Bupivacaine as compared to ropivacaine in Indian genotype in hypospadias surgery.
Clinical Peripheral Atypical Presentation of Tuberculosis in the Head and Neck Region in Asian Population —11 Years Experience and Review of Literature
Authors: Gawande Mayur J. , Agrawal Rishabh R. , Nimbalkar Parul , Nitnaware Rakshita , Mishra Tannu , Navdhinge Akshay , Lawhale Dimple , Pandharkar Sanjana
Published: January 2022

Tuberculosis TB one of the major health problem in developed countries, with extremely high prevalence in Asian countries, mainly caused by "Mycobacterium Tuberculosis". Although pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common form of the disease, it also can occur in other organ systems such as lymph nodes, central nervous system, skeletal system, hepatic system, and gastrointestinal system, including the oral cavity. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is an uncommon form of chronic infection that does not present typical signs and symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis. Oral tuberculosis is an uncommon form and is often overlooked as it shows no path gnomic signs. This article presents our experience of unusual atypical tuberculosis in the Head and Neck region.
Investigation of 2D Boridene from First Principles and Experiments
Authors: Helmer Pernilla , Halim Joseph , Zhou Jie , Mohan Roopathy , Wickman Björn , Björk Jonas , Rosen Johanna
Published: January 2022

Recently, a 2D metal boride – boridene – has been experimentally realized in the form of single‐layer molybdenum boride sheets with ordered metal vacancies, through selective etching of the nanolaminated 3D parent borides (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlB2 and (Mo2/3Sc1/3)2AlB2. The chemical formula of the boridene was suggested to be Mo4/3B2‐xTz, where Tz denotes surface terminations. Here, the termination composition and material properties of Mo4/3B2‐xTz from both theoretical and experimental perspectives are investigated. Termination sites are considered theoretically for termination species T = O, OH, and F, and the energetically favored termination configuration is identified at z = 2 for both single species terminations and binary termination mixes of different stoichiometries in ordered and disordered configurations. Mo4/3B2‐xTz is shown to be dynamically stable for multiple termination stoichiometries, displaying semiconducting, semimetallic, or metallic behavior depending on how different terminations are combined. The approximate chemical formula of a freestanding film of boridene is attained as Mo1.33B1.9O0.3(OH)1.5F0.7 from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis which, within error margins, is consistent with the theoretical results. Finally, metallic and additive‐free Mo4/3B2‐xTz shows high catalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction, with an onset potential of 0.15 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.
Diaminobenzene Dihydroiodide‐MA0.6FA0.4PbI3−xClx Unsymmetrical Perovskites with over 22% Efficiency for High Stability Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Jin , Wang Hao , Li Yiming , Zhang Fanghui , Zhang Dan , Liu Shengzhong
Published: January 2022

2D perovskites exhibit limited charge transfer and a stable unsymmetrical structure. Hence, a 2D perovskite solar cell (PSC) is more stable but less efficient than a 3D PSC. An effective combination of good stability and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) is desirable in PSCs. A novel diaminobenzene dihydroiodide‐MA0.6FA0.4PbI3−xClx analogous 2D unsymmetrical perovskite is designed to further enhance PSC performance. The two amino groups of diaminobenzene dihydroiodide (DD) function similarly as the amino groups of methylammonium and formamidinium ions. Therefore, diaminobenzene dihydroiodide can replace methylammonium and formamidinium and create better bonding interaction with the lead trihalide. The analogous 2D unsymmetrical perovskite not only possesses sufficient charge transfer but also exhibits high stability with an appropriate incorporation of DD. Noticeably, the champion device shows a PCE of 22.34%, setting a new record for an MAPbI3−xClx based PSC. The thermal, illumination, and environmental stability is enhanced by 20%–30%. The improved PCE and stability is attributed to better charge transfer and stable structure.
Ice‐Templated, Sustainable Carbon Aerogels with Hierarchically Tailored Channels for Sodium‐ and Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Zhen , Eloi Jean‐Charles , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Eichhorn Stephen J.
Published: January 2022

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are prospective candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems cause of their abundant resources. However, unsatisfactory rate and cycling performance of carbon‐based anodes present a bottleneck for the applications of SIBs/PIBs due to the large sizes of sodium/potassium ions. Herein, oxygen‐doped vertically aligned carbon aerogels (VCAs) with hierarchically tailored channels are synthesized as anodes in SIBs/PIBs via a controllable unidirectional ice‐templating technique. VCA‐3 (cooling rate of 3 K min−1) delivers the highest reversible capacity of ≈298 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with an excellent cycling performance over 2000 cycles at 0.5 C for SIBs, while VCA‐5 manifests a superior capacity of ≈258 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with an 82.7% retention over 1000 cycles at 0.5 C for PIBs. Moreover, their full cells demonstrate the promising potential of VCAs in applications. This novel controllable ice‐templating strategy opens unique avenues to tune the construction of hollow aligned channels for shortening ion‐transport pathways and ensuring structural integrity. New insights into structure‐performance correlations regulated by the cooling rates of an ice‐templating strategy and design guidelines for electrodes applicable in multiple energy storage technologies are reported.
Revisiting Charge Storage Mechanism of Reduced Graphene Oxide in Zinc Ion Hybrid Capacitor beyond the Contribution of Oxygen‐Containing Groups
Authors: Xu Hai , He Wenjie , Li Zhiwei , Chi Jiaxiang , Jiang Jiangming , Huang Kangsheng , Li Shulong , Sun Gengzhi , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: January 2022

Recently, developing matchable cathode materials of Zn ion hybrid capacitor still remains difficult owing to insufficient understanding of the charge storage behavior. However, most previous efforts are devoted to explain the effect of oxygen‐containing groups without paying attention to graphitic structure. Herein, the charge storage capability and electrochemical kinetics of reduce graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets are optimized as a function of their surface properties. Beyond the contribution of oxygen‐containing groups, an extra contribution from the reversible adsorption/desorption of H+ on carbon atom of rGO sheets is confirmed. Electrochemical analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that H+ induces disruption of π cloud in aromatic domain, accompanied by C sp2‐sp3 re‐hybridization and the distortion/restoration of graphitic structure. The optimal electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 245 F g‐1 at 0.5 A g‐1 with 53% retention at 20 A g‐1 is achieved for rGO thermally treated at 200 °C. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the 3D printed rGO electrode delivers a high areal capacitance of 1011 mF cm‐2 and an energy density of 266 μWh cm‐2. The study is believed to broaden the horizons of proton adsorption chemistry and shed light on the design of novel electrode materials.
Modulation of Brønsted and Lewis Acid Centers for NixCo3−xO4 Spinel Catalysts: Towards Efficient Catalytic Conversion of Lignin
Authors: Qi Yi , Xiao Xin , Mei Yuqing , Xiong Lingyingzi , Chen Liheng , Lin Xuliang , Lin Zhan , Sun Shirong , Han Bing , Yang Dongjie , Qin Yanlin , Qiu Xueqing
Published: January 2022

Rational design and construction of catalysts with regulable active sites for selective cleavage of lignin to produce aromatic monomers remain challenging. Herein, the authors report a new strategy for tuning the active sites of tetrahedral centers (Lewis acid sites) and octahedral centers (Brønsted acid sites) in NixCo3−xO4 through tailoring the non‐stoichiometric ratio of Ni and Co. The ratio of Ni and Co is experimentally optimized for the optimal acidic activity of catalytic cracking of lignin when x = 0.2. The Ni0.2Co2.8O4 catalysts achieve an outstanding catalytic conversion (up to 81 wt%) for the lignin cleavage and excellent selective cleavage into aromatic monomers (up to 90.30 wt%), which is mainly attributed to the optimized electron rearrangement, adjustable active sites, and synergistic effect between these two active sites. This work provides a new concept to rationally design solid acid catalysts for the efficient conversion of lignin.
Understanding Structure–Function Relationships of Nanoadjuvants for Enhanced Cancer Vaccine Efficacy
Authors: Tan Jia , Ding Binbin , Teng Bo , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun
Published: January 2022

Adjuvant, as an important part of vaccines, can observably enhance the magnitude, breadth and durability of immune responses. Nanoadjuvants, as novel vaccine adjuvants, have shown unique advantages and broad application prospects. This review focuses on nanoadjuvants and their structure–function relationships as well as cancer therapy applications. First, different kinds of adjuvants are first introduced and organic/inorganic adjuvants are emphatically listed. Second, the mechanisms of adjuvants are expounded, covering reservoir effect, stimulating dendritic cells (DCs) maturity, enhancing antigen uptake/cross‐presentation, activating complement and inducing cytokines/chemokines release. Next, the methods to evaluate immune effects of adjuvants, including expressions of antigen presenting/costimulatory molecules, detections of T lymphocytes subtypes, antigen‐specific antibodies and cytokine secretion, are summarized. Then the authors emphatically focus on the structure–function relationships of nanoadjuvants, exploring the influence of the size, surface charge, surface ligand, aperture, morphology, and aspect ratio on the immune activities. Finally, the authors briefly discuss the safety of adjuvants and present some representative advances of nanoadjuvants in tumor immunotherapy, photothermal immunotherapy, photodynamic immunotherapy, sonodynamic immunotherapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy/immunotherapy, chemodynamic immunotherapy and multiple therapies. They hope this review can provide comprehensive understanding and broaden the scopes of nanoadjuvants, thus pave the way to the translation from bench to bedside in the future.
Carboxylate‐Functionalized Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Enables Catalytic N‐Formylation Using Ambient CO2
Authors: Li Zhengyi , Li Hu , Yang Song
Published: January 2022

Catalytic upgrading of CO2 into value‐added chemicals to build the excess carbon cycle is of great significance. In this work, carboxylate‐functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework (F‐ZIF‐90) with good crystallinity and porosity is constructed from ZIF‐90 and employed as a robust heterogeneous catalyst to boost the reductive N‐functionalization of various amines with CO2 to furnish N‐formyl compounds (up to 99% yield) in the presence of PhSiH3 under an ambient environment. The imidazole carboxylate species (COO‐) can not only activate hydrosilane and CO2 to form the key intermediate formoxysliane but also activate amines to participate in the N‐formylation reaction to obtain the target product. Moreover, it can enhance the catalyst capture and exchange ability toward ambient CO2. The powerful adsorption capacity of the F‐ZIF‐90 catalyst toward CO2 is conducive to elevating CO2 concentration around the active species. Theoretical calculations show that the carboxylate‐mediated conversion path undergoes the transition state of hydrosilane activation with a relatively lower energy barrier (ΔG = 26.9 kcal mol–1). F‐ZIF‐90 exhibits good thermochemical stability with no obvious activity attenuation after repeated use 5 times. This strategy opens a new avenue based on ZIFs to develop heterogeneous catalysts for reductive upgrading of CO2.
Magnesium Substitution in Ni‐Rich NMC Layered Cathodes for High‐Energy Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Gomez‐Martin Aurora , Reissig Friederike , Frankenstein Lars , Heidbüchel Marcel , Winter Martin , Placke Tobias , Schmuch Richard
Published: January 2022

Ni‐rich LiNi1−x−yMnxCoyO2 (NMC) layered oxides are promising cathode materials for high‐energy density lithium ion batteries but suffer from severe capacity fading upon cycling. Elemental substitution (= doping) with Mg has repeatedly attracted attention in NMC materials to overcome instability problems at reasonable cost, yet rational compositional tuning is needed to guarantee sufficient cycle life without compromising energy density on the material level. Herein, a series of Mg‐substituted NMC materials with 90 mol% Ni are investigated regarding key performance metrics in NMC || graphite full‐cells benchmarked against LiNi0.80Mn0.10Co0.10O2 and LiNi0.90Mn0.05Co0.05O2 synthetized using the same co‐precipitation route. A linear correlation between cycle life and attainable gravimetric capacities is demonstrated, which are directly influenced by the degree of Mg substitution and the amount of Li+ cycled upon (de‐)lithiation processes. A Mg content <2 mol% should be considered to take notable benefit from the increase in Ni content from 80 to 90 mol% to achieve a higher energy density. The present study highlights the importance of evaluating the true implications of elemental substitution on cell performance and is expected to be an insightful guideline for the future development of NMC‐type cathode materials in particular with high Ni and low Co content.
Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products by Adjusting the Local Reaction Environment with Polymer Binders
Authors: Pham Thi Ha My , Zhang Jie , Li Mo , Shen Tzu‐Hsien , Ko Youngdon , Tileli Vasiliki , Luo Wen , Züttel Andreas
Published: January 2022

The activity and selectivity of the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) are often hindered by the limited access of CO2 to the catalyst surface and overtaken by the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, it is revealed that polymers used as catalyst binders can effectively modulate the accessibility of CO2 relative to H2O at the vicinity of the catalyst and thus the performance of CO2RR. Three polymers with different hydrophilicities (i.e., polyacrylic acid (PAA), Nafion, and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)) are selected as binders for Cu catalysts. At a thickness of only ≈1.2 nm, these binders strongly affect the activity and selectivity toward multi‐carbon (C2+) products. The FEP coated catalyst exhibits a C2+ partial current density of over 600 mA cm−2 with ≈77% faradaic efficiency at −0.76 V versus RHE. This high performance is attributed to the hydrophobic (aerophilic) properties of FEP, which reduces the local concentration of H2O and enhances that of the reactant (i.e., CO2) and the reaction intermediates (i.e., CO). These findings suggest that tuning the hydrophobicity of electrocatalysts with polymer binders can be a promising way to regulate the performance of electrochemical reactions involving gas–solid–liquid interfaces.
Paternal genetic structure of the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma: A Y‐chromosomal STR study
Authors: Halilović Emir , Ahmić Adisa , Kalajdžić Abdurahim , Ismailović Anel , Čakar Jasmina , Lasić Lejla , Pilav Amela , Džehverović Mirela , Pojskić Naris
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Studies indicate the complex nature of the genetic structure of the European Roma which has been shaped by different effects of their demographic history, while preserving their ancestral Indian origin. The primary aims of this study were to present for the first time the paternal profiles of the Roma from Bosnia and Herzegovina based on the data from Y‐chromosome STR loci, identify the components of non‐Roma paternal gene flow into the Roma, and evaluate the genetic relationships with other European Roma populations.

Materials and methods

In this study, 110 DNA samples of unrelated males from Roma populations residing in different regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina were genotyped using the 23 Y‐STR loci included in the PowerPlex Y23 system.

Results

The analysis of the genetic structure of the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma revealed intra‐country population substructuring and indicated differing genetic affinities between the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma and other European Roma populations. The paternal genetic structure of the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma has two components: an ancestral component represented by haplogroup H1a1a‐M82, and European component presented by haplogroups I1‐M253, I2a1a2b‐L621, J2a1a‐L26, J2a1a1a2b2a3~Z7671, J2b2a‐M241, G2a2b2a1a1b‐L497, and E1b1b‐M215.

Conclusion

Genetic relations between the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma and other European Roma are shaped by different influences on their demographic history. The data suggest that the paternal gene pool of the Roma from Bosnia and Herzegovina might be a consequence of an early separation of the proto‐Roma population and the later gene flow as well as factors of the isolation that accompany the Roma populations in some Bosnian‐Herzegovinian regions.
Modification and acidification of polysulfone as effective strategies to enhance adsorptive ability of chromium (VI) and separation properties of ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Huang Zheng‐Qing , Cai Wei , Zhang Zhi
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the hydropilicity, polysulfone was first modified by grafting diethanolamine and further made into the ultrafiltration membranes by a phase inversion process. Ultrafiltration membranes were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, adsorption, and ultrafiltration experiments. The ultrafiltration membrane containing tertiary amine groups had a 99.2% rejection to bovine serum albumin (BSA), 235.2 L m−2 h−1 pure water flux and 78.6% flux recovery rate. Usually, the ultrafiltration membrane containing tertiary amine groups has a low rejection and a poor adsorptive ability to Cr(VI) in the neutral condition. A novel strategy of acidification in advance was adopted to adjust the separation performance of the polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane containing tertiary amine groups. The pre‐acidification strategy could improve the Cr(VI) rejection from below 10% to 100% in the neutral condition, since ultrafiltration membranes acidified in advance did not lose its H+ in storage. Moreover, the acidification could improve the glass transition temperature and only caused a slight decrease of water flux and BSA rejection.
Detoxification mechanisms of a combination of Semen Strychni and Radix Glycyrrhizae: A comparative analyses of differences in toxicokinetics and tissue distribution after oral administration of Semen Strychni‐Radix Glycyrrhizae decoction
Authors: Guo Yuyan , Gao Tao , Li Chuncheng , Guo Qiaoxin , Sun Shuang , Yang Dayu , Fang Fang , Lü Shaowa
Published: January 2022

To evaluate the detoxification effect of a combination of Radix Glycyrrhizae (GU) and Semen Strychni (SN) from toxicokinetics and drug tissue distribution perspectives, decoctions of processed SN and codecoction of SN and GU (SGN) were prepared, and an HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method was developed to monitor the severe exposure level in 1‐month toxicokinetics and tissue distribution experiments to detect brucine and strychnine in rats. The toxicokinetic characteristics and tissue distribution before and after the addition of GU were analyzed. The method was successfully applied to evaluate the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution before and after the combination of SN and GU. The results show that GU decreased the blood concentration of toxic components in SN, and a double peak was observed in the drug time curve. The results of tissue distribution show that a combination of GU and SN significantly decreased the accumulation of toxic substances in metabolic organs and accelerated the clearance of toxic substances in the brain. These results provide a reference for the toxicity reduction mechanism of GU combined with SN.
The Triangle Suture for Membrane Fixation in Guided Bone Regeneration Procedures: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Johnson Thomas M. , Vargas Sarah M. , Wagner Jennah C. , Lincicum Adam R. , Stancoven Brian W. , Lancaster Douglas D.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Existing evidence supports superior treatment outcomes in guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures employing membrane fixation. The purpose of this report is to present a specific flap design and suturing method for stabilizing GBR barrier membranes.

Case Presentation

Two generally healthy patients received GBR using native collagen membranes stabilized with absorbable sutures. In both cases, we fixed barrier membranes apically using “triangle” sutures. Sling sutures (Case 1) or triangle sutures (Case 2) secured the crestal and palatal aspects of the membranes. No postoperative complications occurred, and both sites exhibited favorable alveolar ridge volume for implant placement.

Conclusions

The described triangle suture technique reliably stabilized GBR barrier membranes without the need for fixation hardware. Compared with suturing methods that limit graft volume and apply pressure over the grafted area, the triangle suture may offer clinical advantages.
Comparative Study of Two Identical Industrial Digesters Using Radiotracer‐Based Residence Time Distribution Measurement
Authors: Sheoran Meenakshi , Chandra Avinash , Gautam Arvind Kumar , Arya Raj Kumar , Bhunia Haripada , Pant Harish J.
Published: January 2022

Radiotracer‐based residence time distribution (RTD) measurements were performed for two identical wheat straw pulping digesters to evaluate and compare their performances. The radiotracer technetium (99mTc) as sodium pertechnetate was used to follow the liquid phase inside the digester. The product quality of both digesters was not identical for similar sets of operating conditions. Temperature, pressure, and mass flow rates were the influencing parameters, and the experimental and theoretical mean residence time (MRT) were compared. A significant amount of flow abnormalities was observed in the second digester as compared to the first one, including channeling, dead volume, scaling, and bypassing. The axial dispersion model and tank in series with the back‐mixing model were suitable for modeling the obtained RTD data.