A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Romero Diana , Kopka Christopher J. , Karim Salim Abdool , Abu-Raddad Laith J. , Almeida Gisele , Baptista-Leite Ricardo , Barocas Joshua A. , Barreto Mauricio L. , Bar-Yam Yaneer , Bassat Quique , Batista Carolina , Bazilian Morgan , Chiou Shu-Ti , del Rio Carlos , Dore Gregory J. , Gao George F. , Gostin Lawrence O. , Hellard Margaret , Jimenez Jose L. , Kang Gagandeep , Lee Nancy , Matičič Mojca , McKee Martin , Nsanzimana Sabin , Oliu-Barton Miquel , Pradelski Bary , Pyzik Oksana , Rabin Kenneth , Raina Sunil , Rashid Sabina Faiz , Rathe Magdalena , Saenz Rocio , Singh Sudhvir , Trock-Hempler Malene , Villapol Sonia , Yap Peiling , Binagwaho Agnes , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , El-Mohandes Ayman ,   The COVID-19 Consensus Statement Panel, Barreto Mauricio , del Rio Carlos , Abdulla Salim , Addleman Sarah , Aghayeva Gulnara , Agius Raymond , Ahmed Mohammed , Ramy Mohamed Ahmed , Aide Pedro , Aleman Soo , Alfred Jean-Patrick , Ali Shamim , Aliaga Jorge , Aloudat Tammam , Alqahtani Saleh A. , Al-Salman Jameela , Amuasi John H. , Agrawal Anurag , Anwar Wagida , Araujo-Jorge Tania , Artaza Osvaldo , Asadi Leyla , Awuku Yaw , Baker Michael , Barberia Lorena , Bascolo Ernesto , Belcher Paul , Bell Lizett , Benzaken Adele , Bergholtz Emil , Bhadelia Nahid , Bhan Anant , Bilodeau Stephane , Bitrán Ricardo , Bluyssen Philomena , Bosman Arnold , Bozza Fernando A. , Brinkmann Melanie M. , Brown Andrew , Mellado Bruce , Bukusi Elizabeth , Bullen Chris , Buonanno Giorgio , Burgess Rochelle , Butler Matthew , Byakika-Kibwika Pauline , Cabieses Baltica , Carlsson Gunilla , Cascini Fidelia , Chabala Chishala , Chakroun Mohamed , Cheng K. K. , Chetty Agnes , Chumachenko Dmytro , Consalves Gregg , Conway Morris Andrew , Cordie Ahmed , Corrah Tumani , Crabtree-Ramírez Brenda , Dashdorj Naranjargal , Davidovitch Nadav , de Souza Luis Eugenio , Dhariwal Akshay Chand , Druică Elena , Ergonul Onder , Erondu Ngozi A. , Essar Mohammad Yasir , Ewing Andrew , Fanjul Gonzalo , Feierstein Daniel , Feigl-Ding Eric , Figueroa Ramon , Figueroa John Peter , Fisher Dale , Flores Walter , Forero-Peña David A. , Frumkin Howard , Gamkrelidze Amiran , Gandhi Monica , Garcia Patricia , Garcia-Basteiro Alberto L. , García-Sastre Adolfo , Garg Suneela , Gbeasor-Komlanvi F. A. , Gershenson Carlos , Gilada Ishwar , Giovanella Ligia , González Marino , Green Manfred S. , Greenhalgh Trisha , Griffin Paul , Griffin Stephen , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Anand Tanu , Guerra Germán , Guinto Renzo , Gujski Mariusz , Guner Rahmet , Hamdy Adam , Hâncean Marian-Gabriel , Haniffa Abusayeed , Hartigan-Go Kenneth Y. , Hassan Hoda K. , Hay Simon I. , Heino Matti T. J. , Hel Zdenek , Hotez Peter , Hu Jia , Hukić Mirsada , IJsselmuiden Carel , Iroko Davidson , Iskarous Maged , Izugbara Chimaraoke , Jacobs Choolwe , Jadad Alejandro R. , Jehan Fyezah , Jordan Ayana , Jroundi Imane , Kain Kevin , Kamberi Fatjona , Karamov Eduard , Karan Abraar , Katz Rebecca , Katzourakis Aris , Kazembe Abigail , Khamis Faryal , Khamzayev Komiljon , Khanyola Judy , Khunti Kamlesh , Kiguli-Malwadde Elsie , Kim Woo Joo , Kirenga Bruce J. , Klimovský Daniel , Kmush Brittany L. , Knaul Felicia , Kogevinas Manolis , Kristensen Frederik , Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Raman , Kvalsvig Amanda , Lacerda Marcus V. , Lal Arush , Lawton Tom , Lemery Jay , Leonardi Anthony J. , Li Yuguo , Löttvall Jan , Lounis Mohamed , Maceira Daniel , MacIntyre C. Raina , Madani Azzeddine , Magiorkinis Gkikas , Malekzadeh Reza , Choisy Marc , Marcelin Jasmine R. , Marks Guy B. , Marr Linsey , Marrazzo Jeanne , Martina Antonieta , Martín-Moreno José M. , Mateos Carlos , Mayxay Mayfong , Mazarati Jean Bapiste , Mboup Souleymane , McDonald Jennifer , McMillan Faye , Mechili Enkeleint , Medici Andre , Davis Sarah L. M. , Meier Petra , Memish Ziad A. , Menon Jaideep , Menon Purnima , Mesiano-Crookston Jonathan , Michie Susan , Mikolasevic Ivana , Milicevic Ognjen , Mishra Asit Kumar , Mohamed Rahma , Mokdad Ali H. , Monroy-Valle Michele , Morawska Lidia , Moschos Sterghios A. , Motawea Karam , Mousavi Sayed Hamid , Mumtaz Ghina , Munene Peter K. , Muñoz Almagro Carmen , Muriuki Janet , Muyingo Sylvia , Naniche Denise , Naylor C. David , Ndembi Nicaise , Nemec Juraj , Nesteruk Igor , Ngaruiya Christine , Nguyen Hung , Nikolova Dafina , Nitzan Dorit , Norheim Ole , Noushad Mohammed , Ntoumi Francine , Nyborg Gunhild Alvik , Ochodo Eleanor , Odabasi Zekaver , Okwen Mbah Patrick , Olivia Keiser , Ong David S. Y. , Opara Ijeoma , Orozco Miguel , Oshitani Hitoshi , Pagel Christina , Pai Madhukar , Pálsdóttir Björg , Papatheodoridis Georgios , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Leigh Jeanna Parsons , Pécoul Bernard , Peichl Andreas , Perez-Then Eddy , Duc Phuc Pham , Philippe Cécile , Pineda Rojas Andrea , Pladsen Courtney , Pozniak Anton , Quiroga Rodrigo , Qureshi Huma , Rampal Sanjay , Ranney Megan , Rathe Laura , Ratzan Scott , Raventos Henriette , Rees Helen , Reis Renata , Ricciardi Walter , Rizk Nesrine , Robalo Magda , Robertson Eleanor , Robinson Leanne , Rokx Casper , Ros Tamsin , Røttingen John-Arne , Rubin Meir , Ruxrungtam Kiat , Sadirova Shakhlo , Saha Senjuti , Salgado Nelly , Sanchez Lizet , Sangaramoorthy Thurka , Santamaria-Ulloa Carolina , Santos Renata , Sawaf Bisher , Schneider Matthias F. , Schooley Robert T. , Sener Alper , Sepulveda Jaime , Shah Jaffer , Shibani Mosa , Shoib Sheikh , Sikazwe Izukanji , Šimaitis Aistis , Gill Amandeep Singh , Skhvitaridze Natia , Sokolović Milka , Solomon Roma , Solórzano Xavier , Springer Sandra A. , Šrol Jakub , Staines Anthony , Stelfox Henry T. , Strathdee Steffanie , Sulaiman Lokman Hakim , Sutton Brett , Svanæs Dag , Swed Sarya , Sypsa Vana , Sørensen Kristine , Tajudeen Raji , Tan Amy , Tang Julian , Tanner Marcel , Sethi Tavpritesh , Temmerman Marleen , Than Kyu Kyu , Tinto Halidou , Tomètissi Sênoudé Pacôme , Torres Irene , Tshering K. P. , Tsiodras Sotirios , Tsofa Benjamin , Vahlne Anders , Vargas Juan Rafael , Bernal Ivan Dario Velez , Ventura Deisy , Vilasanjuan Rafael , Vipond Joe , Wamala-Andersson Sarah , Wargocki Pawel , West Robert , Weyand Angela , White Trenton M. , Wolff Guntram , Yao Maosheng , Yates Christian A. , Yeboah Georgina , Yee-Sin Leo , Yi Siyan , Teo Yik-Ying , Yong Poovorawan , Zamora-Mesía Victor , Øvrehus Anne 
Published: November 2022

Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic1,2. Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches1, while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach2that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities3in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.