bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelo de avaliação do nível de sustentabilidade urbana: proposta para as cidades brasileiras
Authors: Martins Maria de Fátima , Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde
Published: September 2015

ResumoOs indicadores de sustentabilidade permitem captar características do ambiente urbano e revelar a (in)sustentabilidade urbana, gerando informações que dão suporte às políticas públicas e ao processo de desenvolvimento. A partir dessa constatação, o objetivo do artigo é propor um modelo para análise da sustentabilidade urbana, construído a partir das matrizes de Acselrad (2009). Tal proposta é dividida em: uma abordagem conceitual, marco ordenador para avaliação da sustentabilidade do espaço urbano, no sentido de unificar o entendimento sobre a sustentabilidade pelos diversos públicos interessados; e uma abordagem operacional, que define as matrizes, as dimensões e os temas para análise da sustentabilidade, com seus respectivos critérios de análises, indicadores e parâmetros de operacionalização, que permitem o monitoramento da sustentabilidade das cidades, servindo como instrumento para orientação das políticas públicas urbanas. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de um ensaio teórico baseado na literatura sobre sustentabilidade urbana, especialmente acerca das matrizes discursivas. A importância do trabalho refere-se ao fato de o modelo permitir a análise da sustentabilidade urbana, dadas as especificidades da problemática das cidades brasileiras. Em termos de contribuição, é importante por gerar subsídios para análises mais consistentes desses problemas e, por meio de indicadores urbanos e de critérios de análises, possibilitar uma orientação para o processo de desenvolvimento urbano e de monitoramento da sustentabilidade das cidades, oferecendo suporte às políticas públicas.
Reflorestamento e Recuperação de Atributos Químicos e Físicos do Solo
Authors: Rocha José Henrique Tertulino , Santos Alessandro José Marques , Diogo Fernanda Asti , Backes Clarice , Melo Augusto Gabriel Claro de , Borelli Karla , Godinho Tiago de Oliveira
Published: September 2015

RESUMOObjetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar a influência do reflorestamento com essências nativas da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, plantio de eucalipto e pastagem nos atributos químicos e físicos do solo de áreas degradadas. Foram selecionadas cinco áreas na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Aguapeí, na cidade de Garça, SP, sendo dois reflorestamentos com essências nativas, com 4 e 9 anos, um plantio de eucalipto, uma área de pastagem e um fragmento florestal utilizado como referência. O fragmento florestal apresentou a menor soma de bases e os maiores teores de P, Corg e CTC. Ele também apresentou a menor resistência à penetração, maior diâmetro e estabilidade dos agregados. Os atributos químicos e físicos do solo das áreas reflorestadas diferiram dos observados no fragmento florestal, mostrando que o período de recuperação não foi suficiente para restaurar esses atributos. Porém o reflorestamento com 9 anos melhorou significativamente nesses atributos do solo, tendendo a aproximar-se aos do fragmento florestal.
Análise de Conflito de Uso e Cobertura da Terra em Áreas de Preservação Permanente do Ifes – Campus de Alegre, Município de Alegre, Espírito Santo
Authors: Ferrari Jéferson Luiz , Santos Alexandre Rosa dos , Garcia Ricardo Ferreira , Amaral Atanásio Alves do , Pereira Lucas Rosa
Published: September 2015

RESUMOObjetivou-se analisar o conflito de uso e cobertura das terras em Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) do Ifes – Campus de Alegre, à luz do atual Código Florestal Brasileiro. Foram delimitadas e investigadas as APP de nascentes, cursos d’água, declividades e topos de morro. As APP de declividades e de topos de morro foram obtidas a partir do modelo digital de elevação global GEDM-ASTER. O uso e a cobertura da terra foram alcançados por fotointerpretação sobre imagem orbital do sensor Geoeye 1 (resolução espacial de 0,50 m), totalizando 36 classes temáticas. Os resultados revelam que as APP totalizam 34,33% da área do Ifes – Campus de Alegre, ocupando 114,32 ha de extensão. As APP de topos de morro e dos cursos d’água são as que ocupam maior área, correspondendo a 16,94% e 14,03%, respectivamente. As APP de cursos d’água são as mais atingidas e as principais classes responsáveis por conflitos são as pastagens naturais (20,41 ha) e as estradas não pavimentadas (1,18 ha).
Análise do Processo de Fragmentação da Floresta nos Municípios de Corumbiara e Buritis - RO
Authors: Costa Olívia Bueno , Matricardi Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli , Pires José Salatiel Rodrigues
Published: September 2015

RESUMOA expansão das áreas de pastagens e de produção de grãos no estado de Rondônia se deu de forma acelerada na última década devido principalmente a incentivos fiscais e a alta demanda do mercado externo. Em consequência, graves processos de degradação da floresta se iniciaram. Este estudo objetivou analisar processos de fragmentação da floresta nos municípios de Corumbiara e Buritis, estado de Rondônia. Para tanto, foram utilizadas imagens Landsat 5 TM para classificar as áreas de floresta e não floresta. A avaliação da acurácia para a classificação supervisionada Maximum Likelihood indicou acurácia global de 91% e Kappa de 78%. Os resultados do cálculo de métricas indicam um aumento do retalhamento da paisagem ao longo da última década nos municípios, com aumento do efeito de borda, diminuição significativa da área da classe floresta e diminuição da conectividade das manchas de floresta. Assim, com base neste estudo, pôde ser observado um processo contínuo de aumento da fragmentação da floresta nativa nesses municípios.
Tensão de Crescimento no Lenho de Eucalyptus benthamii e sua Relação com Características Dendrométricas em Diferentes Espaçamentos
Authors: Vidaurre Graziela Baptista , Nutto Leif , França Frederico José Nistal , Braz Rafael Leite , Watzlawick Luciano Farinha , Moulin Jordão Cabral
Published: September 2015

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do espaçamento do plantio da madeira de eucalipto, quanto às suas características dendrométricas e a deformação residual longitudinal (DRL) da madeira e as relações entre essas variáveis. O material utilizado foi o Eucalyptus benthamii aos 5 anos de idade nos espaçamentos 2 × 3, 3 × 3, 3 × 4 e 4 × 4 m, a projeção da copa foi determinada através da medição de oito raios com ângulos variáveis, sendo elaborados mapas da distribuição e projeção da copa. As medições da DRL foram à 1,30 m do solo nas quatro direções cardinais, em árvores vivas, com o auxílio de extensômetro (Growth Strain Gauge), pelo método CIRAD-Fôret. Nos resultados houve grande variabilidade das variáveis de crescimento e dos níveis de tensão de crescimento para os diferentes espaçamentos. Os menores valores médios de DRL foram observados na direção sul, o aumento do espaçamento não alterou significativamente os valores da DRL. As correlações de maiores magnitudes ocorreram entre os valores máximos de DRL e as variáveis de crescimento árvore.
Detecção da Infraestrutura para Exploração Florestal em Rondônia Utilizando Dados de Sensoriamento Remoto
Authors: Pinagé Ekena Rangel , Matricardi Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli
Published: September 2015

RESUMOA infraestrutura para exploração florestal é fundamental nas atividades de exploração madeireira, mas responde por grande parte dos impactos ambientais dessa atividade. O presente estudo aplicou e testou cinco técnicas de processamento digital de imagens orbitais com três resoluções espaciais distintas para a detecção de estradas e pátios florestais construídos em áreas sob manejo florestal sustentável na Floresta Nacional do Jamari, estado de Rondônia. Os resultados mostraram que o NDVI e a Análise de componentes principais apresentaram a melhor acurácia global nas resoluções espaciais de 5 e 10 metros e na de 30 metros, respectivamente. De maneira geral, a acurácia do produtor para a classe de interesse não foi alta, alcançando no máximo 39,2%, e índice Kappa de 0,38. A baixa performance das técnicas de geoprocessamento utilizadas na detecção de florestas exploradas seletivamente está relacionada às alterações ocorridas no dossel da floresta manejada, pouco perceptíveis em imagens de satélite.
Florística e Fitossociologia em Áreas de Cerradão e Mata Mesofítica na Estação Ecológica de Pirapitinga, MG
Authors: Giácomo Rômulo Guimarães , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Carvalho Daniel Costa de , Medeiros Victor Satiro de , Gaui Tatiana Dias
Published: September 2015

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a florística e a fitossociologia das espécies presentes em áreas de cerradão e mata mesofítica na Estação Ecológica de Pirapitinga, MG. Para o levantamento da florística e da fitossociologia, foram marcadas 108 parcelas de 100 m2 cada, amostrando-se todos os indivíduos com circunferência à altura do solo (CAS) ≥ 16 cm. Foram calculadas a frequência, densidade, dominância, os valores de importância e de cobertura, índices de Shannon e Pielou e similaridade florística através do índice de Sorensen. Nas duas áreas de estudo, foi amostrado um total de 1.716 indivíduos distribuídos em 67 espécies, 60 gêneros e 35 famílias. As famílias mais ricas foram Fabaceae e Vochysiaceae. O cerradão foi a formação vegetal com maior riqueza de espécies (67) e maior densidade, enquanto a área de mata mesofítica foi a que apresentou uma vegetação com maior desenvolvimento das espécies.
Telas de Sombreamento e Substratos na Produção de Mudas de Dipteryx alata Vog.
Authors: Costa Edilson , Dias Jessica Garcia , Lopes Karina Garcia , Binotti Flávio Ferreira da Silva , Cardoso Eliana Duarte
Published: September 2015

RESUMOEste trabalho avaliou tecnologias de ambientes protegidos e substratos para a produção de mudas de Dipteryx alataVog. Foram utilizados dois ambientes protegidos: telado agrícola, fechamento em 90° graus, com tela preta nas laterais e aluminizada na cobertura, ambas de 50% de sombreamento; telado agrícola, fechamento em 45° graus, com tela preta nas laterais e cobertura, de 50% de sombreamento. Em cada ambiente foram testados substratos de mistura de esterco bovino (E) e vermiculita (V): 100% E + 0% V; 90% E + 10% V; 80% E + 20% V; 70% E + 30% V; 60% E + 40% V; 50% E + 50% V; 40% E + 60% V; 30% E + 70% V; 20% E + 80% V; 10% E + 90% V. O telado preto propiciou mudas de melhor qualidade e os substratos com baixas porcentagens de esterco (10, 20 e 30%) são os mais propícios para a formação de mudas de Dipteryx alataVog.
The Assimilate Partitioning Importance for Heartwood Extractives Formation in Robinia Pseudoacacia l. of Different Ages
Authors: Dünisch Oliver , Latorraca João Vicente de Figueiredo
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the influence of tree age on the assimilates partitioning and its significance for the formation of heartwood extractives in Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust). Assimilate translocation in 6- and 15-year-old plants was measured in May and August 2006 using the 14CO2 feeding method. The heartwood extractives content in the sapwood-heartwood transition zone and in individual tree rings of the pure heartwood were analysed by HPLC-chromatography. All plants, buds and young leaves showed the strongest 14C specific activity compared to other plant parts in May and August(14C specific activity in buds/leaves of 6-years old plants: 35.2-37.0%, 15-years old plants: 31.4-32.2%). However, in plants labelled in August 2006 at the sapwood-heartwood transition zone also showed a strong assimilates sink, while only small amounts of assimilates were translocated to the sapwood-heartwood transition zone in the plants labelled in May 2006. The amount of assimilates transported to the sapwood-heartwood transition zone was significantly higher in the 15-year-old plants compared to the 6-year-old plants. This was monitored by a higher content of extractives in the heartwood formed by the older plants compared to heartwood formed by the younger plants. The results indicate that uneven assimilate partitioning in younger and older black locust plants affects the heartwood extractives formation, which might lead to a lower natural durability of the heartwood formed by younger trees compared to heartwood formed by older trees.
Jaw movement during the speech in children with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Lima Sandro Júnior Henrique , Pernambuco Leandro de Araújo , Lins Aline de Lima , Albuquerque Lucas Carvalho Aragão , Silva Hilton Justino da
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis can cause changes in stomatognathic functions, which may alter the mandibular dynamics. Electrognathography is used in the recording of jaw movements, making it valid for analysis of movements in speech.PURPOSE: To characterize the amplitude and velocity of jaw movements during speech in children with and without allergic rhinitis.METHODS: The sample consisted of 32 children aged 7-12 years, treated at a university hospital, divided into two groups: one with rhinitis and the other without rhinitis. To capture the jaw movements during speech, we used an electrognathography with the aid of a list of phonetically balanced figures. For the analysis of data, we used, in addition to descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests, Spearman correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney test, with a significant value of p=0.05.RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in jaw movements between groups, with values of p equals to 0.175, 0.650, and 0.462 for amplitude and jaw opening and closing velocity, respectively. However, a strong correlation was observed between the variables velocity and amplitude of mouth opening, being slightly higher in the group of children with allergic rhinitis.CONCLUSION: The amplitude and velocity of jaw movements are found to be similar in children with and without allergic rhinitis, and a correlation exits between these variables. In addition, they were more heterogeneous in the group without allergic rhinitis.
Nasoendoscopic findings after primary palatal surgery: can the Furlow technique result in a smaller velopharyngeal gap?
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela Zuin , Dutka Jeniffer de Cássia Rillo , Whitaker Melina Evangelista , Souza Olivia Mesquita Vieira de , Marino Viviane Cristina de Castro , Pegoraro-Krook Maria Inês
Published: September 2015

PURPOSE: To compare the nasoendoscopic findings related to the velopharyngeal gap among patients with cleft palate who underwent the Furlow (F) technique and those who underwent the von Langenbeck (vL) technique for primary palatal surgery, who remained with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI).METHODS: The analyzed data were retrieved from the institution's data of recordings of nasoendoscopic exams. The sample comprised 70 recorded nasoendoscopic exams obtained from 22 patients who underwent the F technique and from 48 who underwent the vL technique during primary palatoplasty, who remained with VPI after surgery and were submitted to nasoendoscopy, between the ages of 5 and 15 years (mean age: 8 years), for definition of the best treatment for VPI. The images were edited into a DVD in a randomized sequence to be assessed by three experienced speech language pathologists regarding displacement and excursion of the soft palate; displacement and excursion of lateral pharyngeal's walls; displacement and excursion of the posterior pharyngeal's wall; and presence of the Passavant ridge and size and type of velopharyngeal gap.RESULTS: The results of the comparison of measurements between F and vL groups were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: The surgical technique used in primary palatoplasty was not relevant to determine the difference in the size of the velopharyngeal gap for patients who maintained VPI.
Electromyography of muscles involved in feeding premature infants
Authors: Martins Camila Dantas , Furlan Renata Maria Moreira Moraes , Motta Andréa Rodrigues , Viana Maria Cândida Ferrarez Bouzada
Published: September 2015

PURPOSE: To measure and compare the electrical activity of masseter, temporal, and suprahyoid muscles in premature newborn infants during breast-feeding and cup-feeding.METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out by the electromyographic assessment of 36 preterm infants, 53% of whom were male, with mean gestational age of 32 weeks and birth weight of 1,719 g, fed via oral route, by full breast-feeding and supplementation of diet, through cup with expressed breast milk, until 15 days after hospital discharge. Children with neurological disorders, genetic syndromes, oral-motor, and/or congenital malformations were excluded. The different methods of feeding and the variables gestational age at birth, corrected gestational age, chronological age, birth weight and size, head circumference, and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were analyzed and compared by appropriate statistical analysis.RESULTS: No difference was observed between breast-feeding and cup-feeding in the analysis of the temporal and masseter muscles. However, higher activity of suprahyoid musculature was observed during cup-feeding (p=0.001). The other variables were not correlated with the electrical activity of the muscles during the different feeding methods.CONCLUSION: There may be a balance between the activity of the temporal and masseter muscles during breast-feeding and cup-feeding. There was higher activity of suprahyoid musculature during cup-feeding. This can be explained by the greater range of tongue movement, as premature infants usually perform tongue protrusion to get the milk from the cup.
Effect of sound amplification in speech perception in elderly with and without tinnitus
Authors: Araujo Tiago de Melo , Iório Maria Cecília Martinelli
Published: September 2015

PURPOSE: To verify the effect of the use of auditory prostheses on speech perception tests in elderly individuals with and without tinnitus having hearing impairment.METHODS: We evaluated 24 elderly patients with moderate sensorineural hearing loss, aged between 60 and 70 years, distributed into two groups according to the presence or absence of tinnitus. All of them were fitted with micro-canal auditory prostheses from the same manufacturer and model, and underwent speech perception tests. The assessments were performed with and without the amplification devices after 1 and 3 months of effective use. For data analysis, Mann-Whitney test was used.RESULTS: Elderly people from the tinnitus group presented lower performance in speech perception tests than those from the group without tinnitus. In the evaluations with the devices, the performance of both groups was better than when they were evaluated without hearing aids.CONCLUSION: The acoustic stimulation through the effective use of hearing aids produced better speech perception, regardless of the presence of tinnitus.
EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY PROGRESS WITH TECHNOLOGY IN A SPANISH HOTEL CHAIN
Authors: González-Rodriguez Maria del Rosario , Martín-Samper Rosario , Giuliani Antonio Carlos
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the changes in the total factor productivity index of a Spanish hotel chain in the period from 2007 to 2010 with the purpose of identifying efficiency patterns for the chain in a period of financial crisis. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) Malmquist productivity index was used to estimate productivity change in 38 hotels of the AC chain. Results reveal AC hotels' efficiency trends and, therefore, their competitiveness in the recession period; they also show the changes experienced in these hotels' total productivity and its components: technological and efficiency changes. Positive efficiency changes were due to positive technical efficiency rather than technological efficiency. The recession period certainly influenced the performance of AC Hotels, which focused on organizational changes rather than investing in technology.
MÉTODOS COLABORATIVOS NA GESTÃO DE CADEIAS DE SUPRIMENTOS: DESAFIOS DE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO
Authors: GOMES LEONARDO DE CARVALHO , KLIEMANN NETO FRANCISCO JOSÉ
Published: September 2015

RESUMOO tema gestão colaborativa vem sendo abordado como forma de gerar vantagem competitiva. Iniciativas colaborativas em cadeias de suprimentos (CS) proporcionaram o surgimento de métodos e práticas que corroboram a ideia de que a competitividade não se dá mais entre empresas isoladas, e sim entre cadeias. Na literatura, além de métodos colaborativos para a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos (GCS), é possível encontrar iniciativas para projeto, configuração, otimização, entre outras. Porém, observa-se baixa adesão de métodos colaborativos para a GCS, assim como dificuldades de implementação. O objetivo do artigo é investigar os métodos colaborativos referentes à coordenação de CS e analisar suas características e dificuldades de implementação. Uma revisão sistemática apontou o Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) como o método colaborativo mais abordado e, posteriormente, um estudo de caso identificou dificuldades na implementação que colaboraram com o que foi pesquisado na literatura.
PROPOSTA DE INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE O USO DE SOFTWARE NO SUPORTE À INOVAÇÃO EM SERVIÇOS
Authors: PINHEIRO ALESSANDRO DE ORLANDO MAIA , TIGRE PAULO BASTOS
Published: September 2015

RESUMOEste artigo examina os objetivos, instrumentos e características das inovações habilitadas por Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) no Brasil, enfatizando as tecnologias utilizadas, os canais habilitados pelas ferramentas digitais, os processos de aprendizado para inovação e as mudanças organizacionais necessárias para o uso de ferramentas avançadas. A metodologia consiste na adaptação de taxonomias existentes para os propósitos específicos da pesquisa e a realização de uma pesquisa de campo com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti. Os resultados mostram que as inovações habilitadas por TIC não constituem eventos isolados e pontuais, uma vez que alteram processos, formas de relacionamento com parceiros e clientes, e requerem uma maior integração de funções organizacionais. Importantes diferenças foram observadas em função do porte da empresa, da internacionalização das operações, da capacitação técnica e do grau de acesso a ferramentas proprietárias.
O debate francês acerca da instrução pública e seus desdobramentos no Brasil
Authors: MALHEIROS ROGÉRIO GUIMARÃES , ROCHA GENYLTON ODILON RÊGO DA
Published: September 2015

RESUMO Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar aspectos históricos das questões políticas, ideológicas e conceituais que estiveram presentes nas discussões referentes à instrução nacional francesa no final do século XVIII, enfatizando as proposições de Condorcet, no Rapport de 1792, como sendo base desse tipo de debate durante o processo revolucionário na França. Privilegiamos, portanto, analisar as prerrogativas discursivas dessa proposta e o certame suscitado a partir dela, pois resultaram, até mesmo, em novas proposições, entre elas as de Romme, Robespierre, Lepelletier e Lakanal. Trata-se de uma abordagem que nos proporciona a compreensão da base moderna do debate sobre instrução pública que se configurou no século XIX. Essa concorrência de ideias entre os franceses se estabeleceu como o grande legado teórico para os sistemas modernos de ensino, inclusive o brasileiro. Depreendemos, ainda, que a instrução defendida na França estava permeada pelos ideais de razão, moral e cientificismo.
Construction of the interaction curve of concrete-encased composite columns based on the deformation domains of reinforced concrete sections
Authors: ROCHA P. A. S. , SILVA K. I. DA
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a methodology for obtaining the interaction curve for composite steel-concrete sections subject to combined compression and bending based on the deformation domains of reinforced concrete structures defined by ABNT NBR 6118 [1]. For this, were developed expressions for the axial force, the moment and the strains of concrete, longitudinal reinforcement and the elements comprising the metal profile in each deformation domain.Based on these expressions a computer program called MDCOMP (2014) was created. In this study the same limit values of longitudinal reinforcement strain defined by ABNT NBR 6118 [1] were used for the steel profile strains. To verify the numerical implementations performed, the interaction curves and the plastic resistance of the section obtained by MDCOMP program were compared with those determined from the recommendations of Eurocode 4 [2], of ABNT NBR 8800 [3] or literature responses.
Use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to monitoring the corrosion of reinforced concrete
Authors: RIBEIRO D.V. , SOUZA C.A.C. , ABRANTES J.C.C.
Published: September 2015

AbstractElectrochemical techniques are among the most commonly techniques used for the evaluation and study of corrosion in reinforced concrete, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique for characterizing a wide variety of electrochemical systems and for determining the contribution of electrode or electrolytic processes in these systems. The analysis of EIS results on samples of concrete is highly complex due to overlapping arcs from simultaneous phenomena and noise measurement, of course, associated with the heterogeneity of the samples and that complicate the analysis considerably. Thus, this paper proposes a new form of analysis based on the characteristic relaxation angular frequency, w, of each phenomenon and associating the typical capacitances and frequencies.
Impacts in the structural design of the 2014 revision of the brazilian standard ABNT NBR 6118
Authors: CERUTTI R. M. , SANTOS S. H. C.
Published: September 2015

AbstractWith the issuing of the 2014 version of the Brazilian Standard ABNT NBR 6118 - Design of Concrete Structures, several procedures followed in the designoffices shall be altered. The purpose of this paper is to furnish data to the designers, in order to facilitate the transition to the new version of the Standard. A summary of some of the main modifications with direct impact in the design is presented, being shown, among others, the topics: characteristics of the concretes of class up to C90, including the new stress-strain diagrams and respective simplification criteria for these diagrams, the new deformation domains, the values of design tensile stresses in concrete and the new criteria for limiting the depth of the neutral axis; new design criteria for designing and detailing of special elements, including the application of strut-and-tie models; new design criteria, minimum dimensions and detailing criteria for columns, walls and slabs; new criteria for considering global imperfections; new criteria for considering creep and shrinkage; new values for minimum reinforcement in pure bending; new expressions for evaluating the elasticity modulus of concrete. A new table for the design of concrete sections under pure bending is furnished, and new diagrams for designing rectangular sections under bending with compression forces are presented.
Estimativa de sexo e idade através do Índice Nasal Craniano
Authors: Jamile de Souza Lins Dantas  , Erasmo de Almeida Júnior  , Luis Carlos Cavalcante Galvão
Published: September 2015

A Medicina Legal tem grande importância no processo de identificação, principalmente quando os profissionais da área recebem para análise apenas a porção cefálica do corpo. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar o dimorfismo sexual e estimação da idade através de mensurações faciais. Os autores estudaram uma amostra de 161 crânios secos, sendo 81 masculinos e 80 femininos, que pertenceram a indivíduos com idade acima de 20 anos e com sexo e idade conhecidos com absoluta segurança. Os crânios estudados eram de pessoas cujos familiares não reclamaram os ossos no tempo hábil administrativo estabelecido pelo Cemitério e que estavam sendo encaminhados para incineração. Foram realizadas as seguintes mensurações: largura máxima nasal e altura násio-espinhal. De acordo com a análise estatística, houve índice de acerto de 63,37% em relação ao sexo. Foi também verificada a média e intervalo de confiança através do teste t e utilizado o método da regressão linear múltipla para a predição da idade, constatando que o modelo não foi significativo (p:0,1454). Os resultados permitiram a elaboração de metodologia estatística para o diagnóstico do sexo e idade em observações futuras.
3. ANTÍGONA X CREONTE: O RESPEITO AO CADÁVER, OS DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE E A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL
Authors: GOULART Guilherme Damasio , BRUCH Kelly Lissandra
Published: September 2015

Este artigo objetiva, a partir da análise da peça Antígona, imortalizada por Sófocles, analisar situações relacionadas ao cuidado com o cadáver, sob a ótica do Jus Sepulchri. Tendo como ponto de partida a devoção e a determinação de Antígona em dar ao irmão morto as honras fúnebres, analisa-se como, dentro do Direito Civil atual e do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, é possível estudar o problema do cuidado com o cadáver, sob a ótica do direito da personalidade e da responsabilidade civil. Como resultado, verifica-se a existência de inúmeros e recentes julgados que tocam os direitos relacionados ao Jus Sepulchri, podendo concluir-se que, apesar de remontar aos primórdios da humanidade, trata-se de tema atual e cuja violação de direitos ainda consterna a sociedade.
5. ANTÍGONA E A RESISTÊNCIA ANTE A LEI INJUSTA
Authors: WIEDEMANN NETO Ney
Published: September 2015

O texto examina a peça “Antígona”, de Sófocles, e a sua atualidade, numa aproximação entre o Direito e a Literatura, com foco na questão da resistência ante a lei injusta através da desobediência civil.
The Research on the Impact of Management Level’s Charismatic Leadership Style on Miners' Unsafe Behavior
Authors: Li Hongxia , Di Hongxi , Tian Shuicheng , Li Jian
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study is research the impact of management level’s charismatic leadership style on miners' unsafe behavior by using the questionnaires on charismatic leadership style, safety attitude and the miners' unsafe behavior measurement to investigate 200 employees in Shen Dong Company. The research results suggest that management level’s charismatic leadership style have very important influence on miners' unsafe behavior and the influence is affected by the safety attitude which is the intermediary function. In the end, this study propose advice on how to improve the coal mine enterprise managers charismatic leadership style in the coal mine enterprise's safety management work, including attach great importance to a variety of incentive methods, set up safety moral models, practice of inductive leadership concept, create a good atmosphere of safety, etc for reference for coal mining enterprises.
Multilocus dnA sequencing of the whiskey fungus reveals a continental-scale speciation pattern
Authors: Scott J.A. , Ewaze J.O. , Summerbell R.C. , Arocha-Rosete Y. , Maharaj A. , Guardiola Y. , Saleh M. , Wong B. , Bogale M. , O'Hara M.J. , Untereiner W.A.
Published: September 2015

Baudoinia was described to accommodate a single species, B. compniacensis. Known as the 'whiskey fungus', this species is the predominant member of a ubiquitous microbial community known colloquially as 'warehouse staining' that develops on outdoor surfaces subject to
periodic exposure to ethanolic vapours near distilleries and bakeries. Here we examine 19 strains recovered from environmental samples near industrial settings in North America, South America, the Caribbean, Europe and the Far East. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a portion of the nucLSU
rRNA gene confirms that Baudoinia is a monophyletic lineage within the Teratosphaeriaceae (Capnodiales). Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of nucITS rRNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and partial nucLSU rRNA, beta-tubulin (TUB) and elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) gene sequences further
indicates that Baudoinia consists of five strongly supported, geographically patterned lineages representing four new species (viz. Baudoinia antilliensis, B. caledoniensis, B. orientalis and B. panamericana).
Étude de la capacité d’adaptation de l’auditeur légal à l’environnement PGI de la moyenne entreprise
Authors: Massot Véronique
Published: September 2015

Cet article ana lyse la capacité d’adaptation de l’auditeur légal à l’environnement PGI de la moyenne entreprise. L’étude empirique souligne qu’ il existe une évolution variable dans leurs pratiques et montre une relative hétérogénéité de leurs raisonnements, ce qui semble mettre en échec l’hypothèse du comportement identique des auditeurs.
Le rôle de l’État dans les stratégies d’internationalisation des entreprises chinoises ? Une approche géoéconomique
Authors: Mériade Laurent
Published: September 2015

L’objectif de notre article vise à appréhender le rôle de l’État et de sa « diplomatie » dans l’internationalisation des entreprises à côté des réseaux « d’affaires » traditionnels décrits dans la littérature. Pour cela nous mobilisons le cadre théorique de la géoéconomie pour étudier le cas de l’internationalisation des entreprises hydro-électriques chinoises dans le Sud-Est Asiatique.
Qu’est-ce que l’imaginaire ? Des multiples réalités imaginales
Authors: Machado Da Silva Juremir
Published: September 2015

Ce texte examine une hypothèse sur l’imaginaire. À la question qui revient « qu’est-ce que l’imaginaire ? » plusieurs réponses sont possibles. Il ne s’agit pas d’encercler l’imaginaire dans un concept ou dans une définition close, mais de le voir dans une logique de production de sens : l’imaginaire comme un surplus de signification, une couche supplémentaire qui recouvre le vécu.
Chaînes opératoires de montage et fonctions sociales : les poteries de mariage somono (Mali)
Authors: Gallay Alain , Burri-Wyser Elena
Published: September 2015

Cette contribution tente de répondre à la ­question suivante : existe-t-il dans les traditions céramiques actuelles du delta intérieur du Niger au Mali une relation entre les variations de chaînes opératoires de montage et les ­fonctions des poteries ? L’analyse proposée fait appel aux données ethnoarchéologiques du Delta et concerne la tra­dition céramique somono. Cette dernière présente, à côté des poteries d’usage courant, des poteries richement décorées qui peuvent, exceptionnel­lement, être fabriquées par des potières bambara avec des registres décoratifs comparables, mais aussi des caractéristiques morphologiques distinctes au niveau des fonds. Ces poteries concernent des ­utilisations domestiques, gestion de l’eau, confort ménager et certains usages sociaux, mais non la préparation de la nourriture. Alors que les poteries d’usage courant sont introduites dans l’économie de marché et vendues sur les marchés hebdomadaires, les poteries richement décorées échappent à ce mode de diffusion et font l’objet de dons, notamment à l’occasion de mariages ou lors d’une ­naissance. Elles se retrouvent donc essen­tiellement dans les familles de ce groupe ethnique. La répartition géographique des poteries décorées signale leur zone de production et ainsi la région occupée par les Somono. En résumé, le contexte politique et social introduit une variabilité significative : spécification du montage de la préforme face aux traditions étrangères et inves­tissement décoratif important dans les poteries de mariage particulières au groupe ethnique.
Fossés, enceintes et peste noire en Afrique de l’Ouest forestière (500-1500 AD)
Authors: Chouin Gérard L. F.
Published: September 2015

L’histoire de la zone forestière de l’Afrique de l’Ouest avant le xve siècle demeure mal connue. Malgré des découvertes archéologiques majeures au xxe siècle, la région n’a pas suscité le même intérêt de la part de la communauté scientifique que les régions sahariennes et sahéliennes, notamment en termes de processus d’urbanisation. Pourtant, de la Côte d’Ivoire au Nigéria, des systèmes complexes de talus et de fossés attestent la montée en puissance de réseaux de villes et de territoires retranchés à l’époque médiévale. L’étude de la ­chronologie, de l’expansion, de l’agencement et de l’abandon de ces enceintes, qui remplissaient pro­bablement différentes fonctions, a le potentiel de changer radicalement notre perception de l’histoire de la région sur la longue durée. L’article suggère qu’un abandon massif des enceintes se produisit au xive siècle, peut-être en lien avec la pandémie mondiale de peste noire.
Pratiques funéraires dans le mégalithisme sénégambien : décryptages et révisions
Authors: Cros Jean-Paul , Laporte Luc , Gallay Alain
Published: September 2015

À l’occasion de la fouille du site de Wanar, la reprise, dans une problématique anthropologique, de quelques documents anciens sur le mégalithisme sénégambien montre la complexité et la variabilité des pratiques funéraires. Des indices directs et indirects de constructions présentes autour du ou des cadavres profonds peuvent être interprétés comme de possibles « maisons des morts ». Dans au moins un cas, des arguments anthropologiques existent pour un maintien de l’accès à la structure funéraire. Des morts d’accompagnement sont présents dans certains monuments, mais cela ne semble pas être la majorité des cas rencontrés. Ailleurs, des fosses relativement étroites contiennent de nombreux corps « frais » déposés simultanément, avec une impos­sibilité d’identifier un sujet principal qui ­correspond peut être à une réelle absence. Pour d’autres cas encore, des ossements humains en position secondaire, situés dans de grandes fosses ou des fosses étroites de type silo, se superposent aux restes partiels et difficilement lisibles de sépultures primaires. Toutes ces observations nous amènent à élaborer de nouveaux modèles de fonctionnement pour ces structures funéraires.
Files de pierres dressées dans le sud de l'Éthiopie et au nord du Kenya
Authors: Joussaume Roger
Published: September 2015

Les travaux de deux équipes américaines dans les années 1970 et 2000 ont fait connaître plusieurs sites à lignes de pierres dressées près du lac Turkana au nord du Kenya. Les plus anciens sont datés du début du IIIe millénaire avant notre ère, d’autres de la deuxième moitié du premier millénaire avant J.-C. Ils furent l’œuvre d’une société de pasteurs qui aurait connu la céramique. Dans le Sidamo, au sud de l’Éthiopie, les stèles phalliques des pays Gedeo et Sidama forment fréquemment des alignements plus ou moins longs, parfois associés à un petit tumulus allongé recouvrant une fosse qui semble avoir été une tombe. À Waheno, cette fosse contenait une hache polie, des microlithes en obsidienne et des tessons de céramique. Ces sites attribués aux xe-xiie siècles de notre ère, pourraient être en rapport avec la mise en place de l’agriculture régionale. Au sud du lac Chamo, en Éthiopie, les actuels habitants, Konso et Gewada, élèvent encore des pierres à certaines occasions. L’étude de leur organisation sociale et de leurs coutumes funéraires permet d’élargir le débat sur les fonctions des files de pierres ailleurs dans le monde.
La consolation des objets
Authors: Ciambelli Patrizia , Vassas Claudine
Published: September 2015

Est-il possible de raconter une histoire d’amour par le biais d’objets en élaborant ensemble un roman et un musée ? Peut-on faire d’une collection – réelle et imaginaire – d’objets ordinaires une oeuvre d’art à part entière et la concrétiser sous ces deux formes ? Tel est le double projet mené par Orhan Pamuk sous le nom « Le Musée de l’innocence », projet ancré dans une esthétique créatrice de la mélancolie – l’hüzün turc – à laquelle il associe la perte de la femme aimée et les transformations de la ville d’Istanbul. Pamuk, de son roman-musée à son musée-roman, propose une conception de la collection et du musée idéal, élabore une théorie de l’objet, de sa force et de sa capacité à nourrir et à atténuer la nostalgie. Il affronte aussi les contraintes et les choix présidant à la mise en place concrète des objets et à leurs modes d’exposition, ces derniers se révélant moins « innocents » qu’il n’y paraît. L’article s’attache à l’analyse du processus créatif propre à Pamuk, seul susceptible de conférer à des oeuvres si différentes une identité commune.
Glissements de Terrain
Authors: rédaction le conseil de , Dumont Dessins de Jean-Marc
Published: September 2015

À l’heure où Terrain, après trente-deux ans d’activité, cesse de paraître, les membres de son conseil de rédaction ont souhaité donner, chacun dans son style, leur point de vue sur la trajectoire, la personnalité et le fonctionnement de la revue.
Flt3 Ligand Is Essential for Survival and Protective Immune Responses during Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Dupont Christopher D. , Harms Pritchard Gretchen , Hidano Shinya , Christian David A. , Wagage Sagie , Muallem Gaia , Tait Wojno Elia D. , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: September 2015

Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii, and infection with this pathogen leads to increased numbers of DCs at local sites of parasite replication and in secondary lymphoid organs, but the factors that regulate this expansion are poorly understood. The cytokine Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) is critical for the generation and maintenance of DCs, and Flt3L−/− mice were found to be highly susceptible to acute toxoplasmosis. This phenotype correlated with decreased production of IL-12 and IFN-γ, as well as impaired NK cell responses. Surprisingly, despite low basal numbers of DCs, Flt3L−/− mice infected with T. gondii displayed an expansion of CD8α+ and CD11bloCD8α− DCs. Infection also induced an expansion of parasite-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in Flt3L−/− mice; however, these cells were reduced in number and displayed impaired ability to produce IFN-γ relative to wild-type controls. Exogenous IL-12 treatment partially restored NK and T cell responses in Flt3L−/− mice, as well as acute resistance; however, these mice eventually succumbed to toxoplasmic encephalitis, despite the presence of large numbers of DCs and T cells in the brain. These results highlight the importance of Flt3L for resistance to toxoplasmosis and demonstrate the existence of Flt3L-independent pathways that can mediate infection-induced expansion of DCs and T cell priming.
Wittgenstein, Music and the Philosophy of Culture
Authors: Hagberg Garry L. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2015

Wittgenstein’s scattered remarks on music, when brought together and then related to his similarly scattered remarks on culture, show a deep and abiding concern with music as a repository and conveyer of meaning in human life. Yet the conception of meaning at work in these remarks is not of a kind that is amenable to brief or concise articulation. This paper explores that conception, considering in turn (a) the relational networks within which musical meaning emerges, (b) what he calls a discernible “kinship” between composers and styles, (c) the embodied character of musical content, (d) the close and too-little-appreciated intricate connections between our capacity to make sense in music and in language (and the frequent dependence of the former on the latter) and the interaction of the musical theme with spoken language, and (e) music as a culturally-embedded phenomenon that is, as he said of language, possible only in what he evocatively, if too briefly, called “the stream of life.”
Defending the One Percent?
Authors: Baumann Peter ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2015

This paper discusses the philosophical view proposed by Gregory Mankiw in his recent article “Defending the One Percent” (JEP 27-3, 2013): the just deserts view in application to income distribution. Mankiw’s view suffers from three unsolved problems: the Criteria Problem, the Measurement Problem, and the Problem of the Missing Desert Function. The overall conclusion is that Mankiw’s normative “Defense of the One Percent” fails quite drastically.
Capsular Contracture after Breast Augmentation: An Update for Clinical Practice
Authors: Headon Hannah , Kasem Adbul , Mokbel Kefah
Published: September 2015

Capsular contracture is the most common complication following implant based breast surgery and is one of the most common reasons for reoperation. Therefore, it is important to try and understand why this happens, and what can be done to reduce its incidence. A literature search using the MEDLINE database was conducted including search terms 'capsular contracture breast augmentation', 'capsular contracture pathogenesis', 'capsular contracture incidence', and 'capsular contracture management', which yielded 82 results which met inclusion criteria. Capsular contracture is caused by an excessive fibrotic reaction to a foreign body (the implant) and has an overall incidence of 10.6%. Risk factors that were identified included the use of smooth (vs. textured) implants, a subglandular (vs. submuscular) placement, use of a silicone (vs. saline) filled implant and previous radiotherapy to the breast. The standard management of capsular contracture is surgical via a capsulectomy or capsulotomy. Medical treatment using the off-label leukotriene receptor antagonist Zafirlukast has been reported to reduce severity and help prevent capsular contracture from forming, as has the use of acellular dermal matrices, botox and neopocket formation. However, nearly all therapeutic approaches are associated with a significant rate of recurrence. Capsular contracture is a multifactorial fibrotic process the precise cause of which is still unknown. The incidence of contracture developing is lower with the use of textured implants, submuscular placement and the use of polyurethane coated implants. Symptomatic capsular contracture is usually managed surgically, however recent research has focussed on preventing capsular contracture from occurring, or treating it with autologous fat transfer.
Comparative Analysis of the Extracellular Matrix Composition in Proliferating and Involuted Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Park Hyochun , Park Hannara , Chung Ho Yun , Teresa M O , Waner Milton
Published: September 2015

Background Changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) occur between the proliferating and involuted phases of infantile hemangiomas (IH), and are associated with angiogenic growth. We examined the composition of the ECM in proliferating and involuted IHs and assessed correlations between the composition of the ECM and whether the IH was in the proliferating or the involuted phase.

Methods We evaluated IH samples from a cohort of patients who had five proliferating IHs and five involuted IHs. The following ECM molecules were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunohistochemistry: laminin, fibronectin, collagen type I, collagen type II, and collagen type III.

Results The involuted IHs had higher levels of deposition of collagen type III than the proliferating IHs. The median values (interquartile ranges) were 1.135 (0.946-1.486) and 1.008 (0.780-1.166) (P=0.019), respectively. The level of laminin was higher in involuted IHs than in proliferating IHs, with median values (interquartile ranges) of 3.191 (2.945-3.191) and 2.479 (1.699-3.284) (P=0.047), respectively. Abundant collagen type III staining was found in involuted IHs. Laminin α4 chain staining was clearly present within the basement membrane adjacent to the blood vessels, and was significantly more intense in involuted IHs than in proliferative IHs.

Conclusions Involuted hemangiomas showed extensive deposition of collagen III and laminin, suggesting that differences in the composition of the ECM reflect stages of the development of IHs. This pattern may be due to the rapid senescence of IHs.