bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial smoothness of concrete pavements under environmental loads
Authors: Kim S. , Ceylan H. , Gopalakrishnan K.
Published: August 2007

In the current paper, the effect of curling and warping, caused by environmental ambient conditions, on the initial smoothness of concrete pavements is discussed. Surface profile measurements were made during the hours of the early morning and late afternoon on an instrumented jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) on highway US-30 near Marshalltown, Iowa during the first seven days after construction in summer 2005. Variations in temperature and moisture during this critical period were monitored using the temperature and relative humidity sensors installed within the test sections at the time of construction. Based on the measured surface profile data, it was observed that the initial pavement smoothness, in terms of international roughness index (IRI) and the ride number (RN), was not significantly influenced by the early-age curling and warping behaviour of the JPCP. Using finite-element modelling (FEM), sensitivity studies were conducted to investigate the influence of slab curvature on initial pavement smoothness for a range of equivalent temperature differences between the top and bottom of the slab. The results indicated that the initial JPCP smoothness is sensitive to changes in slab curvature resulting from environmental ambient conditions only at higher magnitudes. Although the FEM-based IRI predictions were higher than the surface profile-based IRI values, the differences were not significant.
Shear transfer resistance in high-strength concrete girders
Authors: Nagle T. J. , Kuchma D. A.
Published: August 2007

As part of a national research programme, a series of 18 shear-friction tests and 20 beam shear tests were conducted. The concrete compressive strength in these test specimens ranged from 92 to 121 MPa and the level of transverse reinforcement ranged from a code-specified minimum to very heavy. This research was conducted with the aim of generating the experimental data that were needed for the extension of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials load and resistance factor design (AASHTO LRFD) bridge design specifications to high-strength concrete; these specifications currently limit the compressive strength of concrete that may be used in shear design to 70 MPa. An important component of the research programme was the evaluation and comparison of interface shear-friction demand and capacity. This was because the concrete contribution to shear resistance in the LRFD specifications is limited by shear slip resistance along cracks. The results of the shear-friction tests indicate that the experimentally measured resistance is typically larger than that used in the derivation of the LRFD shear provisions. However, it was also found that the demand on shear cracks in the large 1·85 m deep bridge girders could be considerably larger than that assumed in the derivation of this shear design procedure.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Maxillary Gingiva
Authors: Chi Angela C. , Barnes Jeffrey D. , Budnick Steven , Agresta Samuel V. , Neville Brad
Published: August 2007

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of primitive mesenchyme exhibiting skeletal muscle differentiation. Oral rhabdomyosarcoma is rare and accounts for only 0.04% of all head and neck malignancies.

Methods: A 33‐year‐old woman presented with an erythematous gingival mass involving the anterior maxillary gingiva. The lesion had been present for ≥13 months before presentation, and in recent months, it had become intermittently painful.

Results: Clinical examination exhibited erythema and enlargement of the interdental papillae between the left maxillary canine, lateral incisor, and central incisor. The tissue was boggy and tender on palpation. Incisional biopsies were performed, and microscopic examination showed a cellular proliferation of spindle‐shaped to ovoid cells with hyperchromatic, enlarged, and pleomorphic nuclei. Many of the tumor cells exhibited abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical stains showed the tumor cells to be positive for desmin, myogenin, and myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD1). A diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was made. The patient was treated by surgical resection with postoperative chemotherapy and radiation. The patient had no evidence of disease at a follow‐up examination 1 month after completion of therapy.

Conclusions: Oral rhabdomyosarcoma can develop insidiously. Pain is a variable presenting symptom, and early lesions may be mistaken for benign neoplastic, inflammatory, or infectious processes. Over several decades, a multidisciplinary treatment approach that includes surgical removal if resectable, in combination with multiagent chemotherapy and possibly radiation therapy, has improved survival rates.
Microbiologic Analysis of Periodontal Pockets and Carotid Atheromatous Plaques in Advanced Chronic Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Aimetti Mario , Romano Federica , Nessi Franco
Published: August 2007

Background: In recent years, many researchers have focused their attention on the ability of periodontal pathogens to colonize atheromatous plaques. Nevertheless, a clear correlation between the detection rates of periodontopathic bacterial DNA in atheromas and in subgingival plaque samples has not been established. The aim of our study was to assess the presence of five periodontal pathogens (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia [formerly Tannerella forsythensis]) in periodontal pockets and in carotid atheromas recovered from the same patients.

Methods: Thirty‐three patients with advanced chronic periodontitis scheduled for endarterectomy were enrolled in the study. DNA was extracted from subgingival plaque samples and carotid atheromas. Universal bacteria primers for general detection of bacteria and species‐specific primers for detection of periodontal pathogens were used to amplify part of the 16S rRNA gene by polymerase chain reaction.

Results: All subgingival plaque samples were positive for at least one target microorganism. The prevalence of T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, P. intermedia, and A. actinomycetemcomitans were 69.7%, 63.6%, 54.5%, 45.4%, and 33.3%, respectively. Bacterial DNA was detected in 31 out of 33 endarterectomy specimens. However, none of the samples tested positive for DNA from periodontal pathogens.

Conclusion: The presence of periodontal bacteria in atheromatous plaques was not confirmed by this investigation; thus, no correlation could be drawn between periodontitis bacteria and microorganisms involved in the atherosclerotic lesions.
Treatment of Titanium Dental Implants With Three Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Scalers: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Kawashima Hideyuki , Sato Shuichi , Kishida Mamoru , Yagi Hiroaki , Matsumoto Kazuma , Ito Koichi
Published: August 2007

Background: Dental implants require regular maintenance. It is crucial that the instrument used for maintenance be able to remove plaque and calculus from the implant surface effectively and efficiently, while causing minimal damage to its circumference. Some ultrasonic scalers may be useful for implant maintenance; however, no clinical study has examined this. This study evaluated the treatment of titanium implants with three piezoelectric scalers in vivo.

Methods: Fourteen patients underwent implant treatment in which plaque and calculus were removed from the abutment surfaces with ultrasonic scalers. The abutments were treated with scalers with carbon (VS; N = 7), plastic (PS; N = 7), or metallic (ES; N = 7) tips. The abutment surface characteristics were examined after instrumentation using scanning electron microscopy. The amount of plaque remaining and roughness were estimated using a modification of the remaining plaque and calculus score and the modified roughness score, respectively. In addition, the abutment surfaces were imaged with a laser profilometer and a laser scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Results: The remaining plaque and calculus scores did not differ significantly among the VS, PS, and ES groups. VS and PS produced a significantly smoother abutment surface than ES. The laser SEM three‐dimensional images also demonstrated that VS and PS produced smooth abutment surfaces, whereas ES resulted in damaged surfaces.

Conclusions: VS and PS produced clean, smooth abutment surfaces. Piezoelectric scalers with non‐metal tips are suitable for use in dental implant maintenance.
Success and Survival of Single Dental Implants Placed in Sites of Previously Failed Implants
Authors: Grossmann Yoav , Levin Liran
Published: August 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of single dental implants placed in sites of previously failed implants.

Methods: The study consisted of a consecutive cohort of 1,215 patients who received 1,387 single implants for single‐tooth replacement during a 6‐year period (1999 to 2005). Inclusion criteria were a single implant replacing a previously failed implant and follow‐up data ≥6 months. Data were recorded and analyzed regarding implant survival and location, need for bone augmentation, and implant dimensions.

Results: A total of 75 patients experienced the failure of 96 implants. Of those, 31 implants in 28 patients were replaced by a similar implant placed in the same location. Nine of the replacement implants failed, resulting in an overall survival rate of 71%. Follow‐up ranged from 6 to 46 months (mean, 19.4 ± 11.4 months). Replacement of maxillary and mandibular failed implants was similar. All failures occurred during the first year after implant replacement. On average, implant replacement occurred 5.8 ± 5.2 months after original implant removal; three implants were placed immediately after implant removal. A third attempt for single implant replacement was made in two patients. However, one failed.

Conclusions: Replacement of a failed implant presents a challenge to achieve osseointegration in a healed bone site and may result in a decline in the survival rates. Patients and clinicians should be aware of these results before a replacement attempt is considered. The success of replacement may be increased by the use of wider implants or with improved surfaces.
Association of Salivary Levels of Cortisol and Dehydroepiandrosterone With Periodontitis in Older Japanese Adults
Authors: Ishisaka Aiko , Ansai Toshihiro , Soh Inho , Inenaga Kiyotoshi , Yoshida Akihiro , Shigeyama Chieko , Awano Shuji , Hamasaki Tomoko , Sonoki Kazuo , Takata Yutaka , Takehara Tadamichi
Published: August 2007

Background: The relationship between periodontitis and psychoneuroimmunologic variables, such as stress‐related hormones, is poorly understood. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the associations between two kinds of stress‐related hormones, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and periodontitis in healthy community‐dwelling elderly subjects aged ≥60 years.

Methods: A total of 171 subjects (85 males and 86 females) participated in this study. The subjects were independently living elderly people with a mean age of 68.4 (± 4.46) years. Stimulated whole saliva samples were collected, and hormone levels were determined. A medical questionnaire regarding medical conditions, lifestyle, and psychosocial stress also was administered. The clinical examinations included probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level (CAL).

Results: There was a positive correlation between hormone levels and PD and CAL values. When the subjects were divided into two groups based on periodontitis severity, hormone levels were significantly higher in subjects with severe PD or CAL. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher cortisol and DHEA levels were associated significantly with greater numbers of teeth with severe PD or CAL, after adjusting for confounding variables.

Conclusions: These results suggested close relationships between the extent and severity of periodontitis and salivary levels of cortisol and DHEA in healthy elderly subjects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the association between the levels of DHEA and extensive periodontitis.
The Association Between Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease
Authors: Gomes‐Filho Isaac S. , Passos Johelle de S. , Cruz Simone S. , Vianna Maria Isabel P. , Cerqueira Eneida de M.M. , Oliveira Denise C. , dos Santos Carlos Antônio S.T. , Coelho Julita Maria F. , Sampaio Fábio P. , Freitas Camila O.T. , de Oliveira Nelson F.
Published: August 2007

Background:The clinical importance of systemic bone loss as a contributory factor to alveolar bone loss and the subsequent loss of teeth merits further study, given that osteoporosis and periodontal disease lead to significantly increased morbidity and mortality and higher public expenditure of funds. This case‐control study evaluated the association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease.

Methods:The sample consisted of 139 postmenopausal women: 48 in the case group (with periodontal disease) and 91 in the control group (without periodontal disease). The diagnosis of periodontal disease was established following a complete clinical examination using measurements of probing depth, gingival recession and hyperplasia, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding index, and confirmed by panoramic radiography. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was made by reviewing densitometry reports obtained previously. Descriptive, stratified, and logistic regression analyses were applied to the data collected. Comparison of proportions was performed using the χ2and Fisher tests. Association measurements (odds ratios [ORs]) with and without adjustment for confounding factors and control for effect modifiers were obtained at a significance level of 5%.

Results:The ORunadjustedfor the principal association was 2.58 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 to 6.82). In subgroup analyses of the stratified model, the ORunadjustedfor low education was 6.40 (95% CI: 1.77 to 23.18). When adjusted for smoking habit and age, the ORadjustedwas 7.05 (95% CI: 1.90 to 26.19), which also was statistically significant.

Conclusion:Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and low educational levels have a greater chance of having periodontal disease than do those without osteoporosis.
Coronally Positioned Flap for Root Coverage in Smokers and Non‐Smokers: Stability of Outcomes Between 6 Months and 2 Years
Authors: Silva Cléverson O. , de Lima Antônio Fernando Martorelli , Sallum Antônio Wilson , Tatakis Dimitris N.
Published: August 2007

Background: Smoking adversely affects the short‐term outcomes of coronally positioned flap (CPF) root coverage procedures, but the long‐term stability of this procedure in smokers has not been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on the long‐term outcomes of CPF in recession treatment.

Methods: CPF was used to treat a Miller Class I defect in a maxillary canine or premolar in 10 current smokers (≥10 cigarettes daily for ≥5 years) and 10 non‐smokers (never smokers). At baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months, clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession depth (RD), and width of keratinized tissue (KT), were determined.

Results: Intragroup analysis showed that CPF failed to maintain the gingival margin at the initially achieved position. RD significantly increased in smokers (from 0.84 ± 0.49 to 1.28 ± 0.58 mm) and in non‐smokers (from 0.22 ± 0.29 to 0.50 ± 0.41 mm) between 6 and 24 months. Further analysis showed that 50% of smokers and 10% of non‐smokers lost between 0.5 and 1.0 mm of root coverage in the same period. Intergroup analysis showed that smokers had significantly greater residual recession (P = 0.001) at 24 months. Both smokers and non‐smokers lost CAL and experienced decreases in KT.

Conclusions: The long‐term stability of CPF outcomes is less than desirable, particularly in smokers. Two years after a CPF procedure, smokers have significantly greater residual recession compared to non‐smokers both statistically and clinically.
Mechanical Therapy With Adjunctive Minocycline Microspheres Reduces Red‐Complex Bacteria in Smokers
Authors: Grossi Sara G. , Goodson J. Max , Gunsolley John C. , Otomo‐Corgel Joan , Bland Paul S. , Doherty Frances , Comiskey Judy
Published: August 2007

Background: Smoking increases the risk for periodontal disease and reduces the healing response. We examined the antimicrobial and clinical effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) with and without minocycline HCl 1 mg microspheres (MM) relative to smoking status in subjects with periodontitis.

Methods: A total of 127 subjects (46 never smokers, 44 former smokers, and 37 current smokers) with moderate to advanced periodontitis were randomized to receive MM + SRP (N = 62) or SRP alone (N = 65). Subgingival plaque samples collected at baseline and day 30 were examined for the presence of 40 periodontal bacteria by DNA probe analysis.

Results: MM + SRP reduced red‐complex bacteria (RCB) numbers and proportions to a greater extent than SRP alone, irrespective of smoking status. RCB numbers were not reduced by SRP in current smokers. The difference in the reduction in numbers of RCB by SRP relative to MM + SRP in current smokers was statistically significant (P <0.05). Numbers and proportions of orange complex bacteria (OCB) were reduced in all groups treated with MM + SRP. Proportions of OCB increased in current smokers treated with SRP alone. In current smokers, MM + SRP significantly reduced probing depth (PD), increased clinical attachment level (CAL), and reduced bleeding on probing (BOP) to a greater extent than SRP alone (P <0.05).

Conclusions: SRP alone was ineffective at reducing numbers or proportions of RCB or OCB in current smokers, whereas MM + SRP significantly reduced both. MM + SRP also improved PD, BOP, and CAL to a greater extent than SRP alone independent of smoking status.
Obecabtagene Autoleucel for B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bouchkouj Najat , Przepiorka Donna , Fashoyin-Aje Lola A.
Published: February 2025

This JAMA Insights discusses the recent FDA approval of obecabtagene autoleucel for adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and provides regulatory considerations.
Shareholder Payouts Among Large Publicly Traded Health Care Companies
Authors: Roy Victor , Amana Victor , Ross Joseph S. , Gross Cary P.
Published: February 2025

This cross-sectional study evaluates the implications of shareholder payouts from large health care companies for the goals of health care affordability, quality, and equity.
Lung Cancer Screening and USPSTF Recommendations
Authors: Darden Michael E. , Hoagland Alex
Published: February 2025

This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence of lung cancer screening outside USPSTF (US Preventive Services Task Force) recommendations among individuals with smoking history.
Optimizing Sleep Disorder Management in Hospitalized Patients: Practical Approach for Healthcare Providers
Authors: Roostaei Ghazal , Khoshnam Rad Niloofar , Rahimi Besharat , Asgari Alireza , Mosalanejad Shima , Kazemizadeh Hossein , Edalatifard Maryam , Abtahi Hamidreza
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To provide a comprehensive review of sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients, focusing on a case‐based approach to illustrate the multifaceted nature of this clinical challenge.

Method

An extensive review of related literature was conducted to determine the common causes of sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients, such as environmental, medical, psychological, and physiological factors. The case of Mrs. Z was used to illustrate how these factors interact in a clinical setting.

Findings

The study revealed a high prevalence of sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients, which can lead to significant adverse outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals is essential to effectively manage sleep disorders due to the interplay of various factors. Nonpharmacological interventions are fundamental to a comprehensive sleep management plan. Pharmacotherapy may sometimes be necessary to improve sleep quality and duration.

Conclusion

Health professionals can significantly enhance the sleep quality of hospitalized piatients by understanding the value of sleep and providing evidence‐based strategies for improvement. In return, this improves patient outcomes, reduces healthcare costs, and advances general patient satisfaction.
eCherry: A Modelica Library for Modular Dynamic Modelling of Electrochemical Reactors
Authors: Pyschik Jan F. , Ebeling Katharina M. , Prokopou Georgia Ioanna , Rix Michael J. , Seidenberg J. Raphael , Kleiner Marius B. , Leitl Matthias , Mitsos Alexander , Bongartz Dominik
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical reactors offer promising pathways for defossilizing the chemical industry. To understand the operation as well as to evaluate and optimise their performance and efficiency, modelling presents a crucial tool. Currently, no comprehensive open‐source library for dynamic modelling of electrochemical reactors exists, and instead modelling efforts are typically specific to individual applications and lack reusability and accessibility. To address this gap, we introduce eCherry, an open‐source Modelica library designed for fast and flexible model building of various electrochemical applications. eCherry supports dynamic modelling of multiple electrochemical reactions and experimental setups and enables integration into aggregated system models. It features modular and replaceable components, facilitating model customisation without extensive coding. Additionally, eCherry supports basic spatial discretisation using the finite volume approach and can be integrated with other open‐source libraries into larger system models for enhanced functionality. This paper details the structure of eCherry, key equations, and how they combine to models, and illustrates its application via examples demonstrating its versatility.
Spatially Controlled Self‐Assembly of Supramolecular Hydrogels Enabled by Light‐Triggered Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Jin Kaiyu , Xiao Yichen , Feng Yifei , Lu Da , Chen Mai , Sun Mengran , Wang Dengyu , Jin Cheng , Li Zhiling , Wang Yiming
Published: February 2025

Spatial control over supramolecular self‐assembly prevails in living system, yet remains difficult to replicate in synthetic scenarios. Here, on the basis of a hydrazone formation‐mediated supramolecular hydrogelation system, access to patterning of supramolecular hydrogels is demonstrated via a light‐triggered catalysis strategy. A photoacid generator that can produce protons in aqueous solutions upon irradiation is employed. The generated protons lead to a drop in pH of around three units (initial pH 7.0), effectively accelerating the formation and self‐assembly of the hydrazone gelators. Because of the light‐triggered catalysis, the hydrogelation samples in the presence of photoacid generator show lower critical gelation concentration, higher stiffness, and denser networks. Importantly, by performing selective irradiation using differently shaped masks, various spatially resolved supramolecular hydrogels following the shapes of the masks are fabricated. The concept of using light‐triggered catalysis to realize spatial control over supramolecular self‐assembly provides an alternative approach toward bottom‐up fabrication of structured soft materials for various applications such as tissue engineering, single cell manipulation, and biosensing.
Isolated by lakes: the influence of connectivity on benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in river- and lake-connected streams
Authors: Turunen Jarno , Snåre Henna
Published: February 2025

Habitat connectivity is a key spatial attribute influencing biodiversity patterns in river networks by controlling the extent of dispersal in stream metacommunities. Large lake basins within river networks may hinder upstream dispersal of benthic macroinvertebrates to inlet streams, but the effects on biodiversity patterns have not been explicitly explored. We studied the effects of lake-induced variation in connectivity and environmental factors on alpha and beta diversity, and the active aerial dispersal (AAD) trait of stream macroinvertebrate species. Our analysis included data from 19 river-connected (RC) tributary streams and 17 more isolated lake-connected (LC) tributaries, with sampling conducted within approximately 1.5 km upstream of the stream-river confluence or stream-lake transition zone. Generalized additive models (GAM) and partial effects plots were used to assess the associations and the relative importance of connectivity and environmental factors on the community attributes. Species richness and the relative abundance of AAD were positively associated with the connectivity of the sampling site but species richness was also related to environmental factors, whereas the rarefied species richness and exponential of Shannon diversity were solely related to environmental variability. Beta diversity was negatively associated with connectivity but also to variation in pH. The results suggest that environmental factors largely control macroinvertebrate community structure in RC and LC streams, but the connectivity of the site might influence stream macroinvertebrate metacommunity patterns in river networks by enhancing dispersal and the occurrence of rare species. However, large lake basins seem to have a limited barrier effect on stream macroinvertebrate metacommunities, though further research is needed to fully understand this influence.
A $p$-adic Simpson correspondence for smooth proper rigid varieties
Authors: Heuer Ben
Published: February 2025

For any smooth proper rigid analytic space

$X$

X

over a complete algebraically closed extension of

$\mathbb{Q}_{p}$

Q
p

, we construct a

$p$

p

-adic Simpson correspondence: an equivalence of categories between vector bundles on Scholze’s pro-étale site of

$X$

X

and Higgs bundles on

$X$

X

. This generalises a result of Faltings from smooth projective curves to any higher dimension, and further to the rigid analytic setup. The strategy is new, and is based on the study of rigid analytic moduli spaces of pro-étale invertible sheaves on spectral varieties.
Imaging on the painful and compressed nerve: upper extremity
Authors: Bordalo Marcelo , Gulde Maria Lua Sampaio , Hagert Elisabet
Published: February 2025

Compressive neuropathies of the upper extremity are a common cause of pain, weakness, and functional impairment, often resulting from chronic mechanical compression or entrapment of peripheral nerves in anatomical regions such as osteofibrous tunnels, fibrous bands, or muscular pathways. While traditional diagnostic methods, including clinical evaluation and electrophysiological studies, are essential, they are limited in localizing lesions and identifying underlying causes. Advances in ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly MR neurography and high-resolution 3D volumetric imaging, have significantly improved the evaluation of peripheral nerves by enabling detailed visualization of nerve anatomy, adjacent structures, and muscle denervation patterns. This article reviews the role of these imaging techniques in diagnosing and managing compressive neuropathies affecting the brachial plexus, suprascapular, axillary, median, ulnar, and radial nerves, highlighting key imaging findings such as nerve thickening, signal abnormalities, and muscle changes. The integration of advanced imaging modalities into clinical practice enhances diagnostic accuracy, facilitates surgical planning, and improves treatment outcomes for patients with peripheral nerve compression.
The obesity pandemic and its impact on non-communicable disease burden
Authors: Hildebrand Staffan , Pfeifer Alexander
Published: February 2025

The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity across the globe is a major threat both to public health and economic development. This is mainly due to the link of obesity with the development and outcomes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs are a leading cause of global death and disability, and reducing the burden of NCDs on patients and healthcare systems is of critical importance to improve public health. Obesity is projected to be the number one preventable risk factor for NCDs by 2035, and there is an urgent need to tackle the growing obesity rates in order to reduce NCD incidence and severity. Here, we review the current understanding of the impact of obesity on NCD burden in general, as well as the epidemiological and mechanistic relationship between obesity and some of the most common classes of NCDs. By literature review, we found that over 70% of NCDs have a documented association with obesity, highlighting the importance of a better understanding of the pathophysiologies underlying obesity/overweight as well as the interaction between obesity and NCDs in order to reduce global disease burden.
Single-port sleeve gastrectomy: a comparison between transumbilical and left hypochondrium approaches
Authors: Abdallah Hussein , Derienne Joseph , Courie Rodi , Voican Cosmin Sebastian , Perlemuter Gabriel , Donatelli Gianfranco , Dagher Ibrahim , Tranchart Hadrien
Published: February 2025

Background

Left hypochondrium (LHC) approach has been routinely used in our department for performing single-port sleeve gastrectomy (SPSG). Starting from 2019, a transumbilical approach (TU) has been adopted in selected patients. The aim of this study was to report and compare our results of both approaches (LHC and TU) with special focus on incisional hernia (IH).

Methods

The data of patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy via both approaches between 2019 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. An assessment of IH rate was carried out by reviewing abdominal computed tomography scans performed one year after surgery.

Results

During the study period, 449 patients who underwent SPSG were included in the final analyze. Patients in the TU group (n = 136, 30%) were more frequently female with a lower BMI and fewer comorbidities. An umbilical hernia was observed in 60% of patients in the TU group. Operative duration was longer in the LHC group (80 min vs. 64 min, P < 0.0001). Early complications rates did not differ between the groups (1.9% LHC vs. 0.7% TU, P = 0.353). During follow-up, 65 patients (14%) developed an IH: 9.9% and 25% in the LHC and TU groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). Weight loss and comorbidities resolution at 1 year were globally similar between the two groups.

Conclusion

We have demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of SPSG via both LHC and TU approaches. The advantage of the LHC approach is its routine applicability. The TU approach offers an esthetic advantage and a shorter operative time but is associated with a much higher IH rate.

Graphical abstract
Accelerating full waveform inversion by transfer learning
Authors: Singh Divya Shyam , Herrmann Leon , Sun Qing , Bürchner Tim , Dietrich Felix , Kollmannsberger Stefan
Published: February 2025

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful tool for reconstructing material fields based on sparsely measured data obtained by wave propagation. For specific problems, discretizing the material field with a neural network (NN) improves the robustness and reconstruction quality of the corresponding optimization problem. We call this method NN-based FWI. Starting from an initial guess, the weights of the NN are iteratively updated to fit the simulated wave signals to the sparsely measured dataset. For gradient-based optimization, a suitable choice of the initial guess, i.e., a suitable NN weight initialization, is crucial for fast and robust convergence. In this paper, we introduce a novel transfer learning approach to further improve NN-based FWI. This approach leverages supervised pretraining to provide a better NN weight initialization, leading to faster convergence of the subsequent optimization problem. Moreover, the inversions yield physically more meaningful local minima. The network is pretrained to predict the unknown material field using the gradient information from the first iteration of conventional FWI. The training dataset consists of two-dimensional reference simulations with arbitrarily positioned elliptical voids of different shapes and orientations, mimicking experiments from phased array ultrasonic testing. We compare the performance of the proposed transfer learning NN-based FWI with three other methods: conventional FWI, NN-based FWI without pretraining and conventional FWI with an initial guess predicted from the pretrained NN. Our results show that transfer learning NN-based FWI outperforms the other methods in terms of convergence speed and reconstruction quality.
Cleansing efficacy of an auto-cleaning device versus an oscillating- rotating toothbrush in home use. A pilot study in individuals with down syndrome
Authors: Schnabl Dagmar , Eller Marwin , Trojer David , Wiesmueller Vera , Schwindling Franz Sebastian , Kapferer-Seebacher Ines
Published: February 2025

Objectives

People with intellectual disabilities often have poor oral hygiene and depend on carers’ support. We aimed to investigate, whether automatic toothbrushes could benefit people with Down syndrome (DS).

Materials and methods

In a randomized, single-blinded cross-over study we compared the cleansing efficacy of a horse-shoe shaped automatic toothbrush with that of rotating-oscillating toothbrushing in unassisted domestic use over four weeks by persons with DS. Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI) and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) were assessed before and after each intervention period. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Fifteen participants (mean age 31 ± 8.33 years) finished the study. There were no statistically significant differences in RMNPI between the two brushing modalities after four weeks of unassisted home use, neither in full mouth (Y-brush®: median 59.2%; range 24.8 – 76.7; rotating-oscillating toothbrush: 54.6%; 6.4 – 71.3) (p = 0.484) nor in subgroup analyses. RMNPI was statistically significantly higher after four weeks of automated brushing than baseline. There was no statistically significant difference for full-mouth GBI between the two brushing modalities.

Conclusions

Both, oscillating-rotating and automated toothbrushing resulted in unsatisfactory plaque control after unassisted use by people with DS.

Clinical relevance

Further studies should investigate the impact of caregivers’ assistance with auto-cleaning devices to persons with disabilities on plaque removal efficacy. Customization of mouthpieces and simplification of handling modalities might effect a higher cleansing capacity and should be future goals for automatic brushing device manufacturers.
Domain adaptation for improving automatic airborne pollen classification with expert-verified measurements
Authors: Matavulj Predrag , Jelic Slobodan , Severdija Domagoj , Brdar Sanja , Radovanovic Milos , Tesendic Danijela , Sikoparija Branko
Published: February 2025

This study presents a novel approach to enhance the accuracy of automatic classification systems for airborne pollen particles by integrating domain adaptation techniques. Our method incorporates expert-verified measurements into the convolutional neural network (CNN) training process to address the discrepancy between laboratory test data and real-world environmental measurements. We systematically fine-tuned CNN models, initially developed on standard reference datasets, with these expert-verified measurements. A comprehensive exploration of hyperparameters was conducted to optimize the CNN models, ensuring their robustness and adaptability across various environmental conditions and pollen types. Empirical results indicate a significant improvement, evidenced by a 22.52% increase in correlation and a 38.05% reduction in standard deviation across 29 cases of different pollen classes over multiple study years. This research highlights the potential of domain adaptation techniques in environmental monitoring, particularly in contexts where the integrity and representativeness of reference datasets are difficult to verify.
Understanding student errors in comparing data sets with boxplots
Authors: Abt Martin , Loibl Katharina , Leuders Timo , Van Dooren Wim , Reinhold Frank
Published: February 2025

In the boxplot, the box always represents – regardless of its area – the middle half of the data and thus a measure of variability (interquartile range). However, when students first learn about boxplots, they are usual already familiar with other forms of statistical representations (e.g., bar or circle graphs) in which a larger area represents a higher frequency of observations. If students erroneously apply this well-established area-represents-frequency schema to boxplots, it results in a systematic error which we describe as the consequence of an incomplete conceptual change. We empirically validated difficulty-generating characteristics that allow the differentiation between item types with varying complexity (item level) and aimed to identify profiles (person level) that differ depending on which schema was used in which item type. For this purpose, we conducted two cross-sectional studies with N = 100 university students (study 1) and N = 297 participants who finished secondary school or higher (study 2) and used generalized linear mixed models (item level) and k-means clustering with predefined cluster centers (person level) to test our hypotheses. We could replicate the systematic error that was described in previous research and found new difficulty-generating characteristics in boxplot items. Our results support the notion of different profiles potentially emerging based on varying degrees of conceptual change. From an instructional perspective, information about individual progress in conceptual change could be considered for tailoring individualized interventions.
Land-based seaweed cultivation creates darker, less predictable light environments
Authors: Comerford Belinda , Paul Nicholas A. , Marshall Dustin
Published: February 2025

Humans modify the habitats of cultured species to maximise productivity, creating conditions distinct from those in which those species originally evolved. These human-altered environments impose strong selection pressures that favour novel phenotypes. While instances of deliberate selection for favoured phenotypes are ubiquitous, the consequences of unintentional selection regimes associated with culture conditions are less well understood. With their high stocking densities and circulating nature, land-based seaweed cultures are likely to generate light regimes that are vastly different from those of the natural environment, but explicit tests are lacking. Here, we quantified how light environments experienced by seaweed in land-based culture tanks differ from those of the natural environment. We found significant differences in culture and natural light environments. Cultures were usually much darker, but occasionally much brighter and the light regimes were less predictable than those occurring in the natural environment. Our results highlight that in our system, land-based seaweed cultures generated light regimes unlike anything in nature and this likely presents challenges for seaweed adaptation and scaling up of production.
Milnacipran and Vanillin Alleviate Fibromyalgia-Associated Depression in Reserpine-Induced Rat Model: Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Kamaly Nour A. , Kamel Ahmed S. , Sadik Nermin Abdelhamid , Shahin Nancy N.
Published: February 2025

Fibromyalgia (FM) patients are highly susceptible to depression. Wnt/β-catenin signaling has shown a crucial role against depression in several studies. The FDA-approved FM drug, milnacipran (Miln), has shown antinociceptive potential against FM. Yet, no study has investigated its antidepressant potential in FM. Vanillin (Van), a well-known phytochemical often employed as flavoring agent, has been previously reported for its antidepressant and antinociceptive effects in several animal models, but has not been tested so far in FM. This study explored the antidepressant effect of Van and Miln in FM through investigating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. FM was induced in female Wistar rats by injecting reserpine (1 mg/kg/day s.c) for 3 days. Thereafter, animals received either Miln (30 mg/kg/day p.o) or Van (100 mg/kg/day p.o) for the subsequent 14 days. Results showed that both drugs demonstrated antidepressant effect in forced swimming test besides analgesic, and antiallodynic influences observed in Randall-Selitto, hot plate, cold allodynia, Von-Frey, and tail immersion tests. Biochemically, Miln and Van significantly enhanced serotonergic transmission in the hippocampus and upregulated the protein expression of the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling axis, including the downstream proteins, T cell factor, and dicer. This is followed by subsequent upregulation of the resilience micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) 124 and 135. Histopathological examinations corroborated the biochemical and molecular findings. Interestingly, these effects of Miln and Van were overturned via administration of the β-catenin inhibitor, XAV939 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p., daily). In conclusion, this study outlined the antidepressant aptitude of Miln and Van through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the hippocampus in reserpine-induced FM.
Progressive Prosecution Policies in Philadelphia: An Assessment of Implementation Fidelity
Authors: Ward Jeffrey T. , Vîlcică E. Rely , Brey Jesse , Mohler Megan , Dolbear Cheyenne
Published: February 2025

Contemporary prosecutor-led criminal justice reform seeks to improve fairness and reduce the justice system footprint. To this end, “progressive” prosecutorial offices have adopted numerous policies that set presumptive actions and guide attorney decision making. We develop a measure of justice policy implementation fidelity that enables an overall assessment of the implementation of a collection of recent prosecutorial policies in Philadelphia tapping into several domains: support, clarity, beliefs, monitoring, barriers, and adherence. Data were collected during 2021–2022 from a sample in the Philadelphia District Attorney’s Office (DAO) and were analyzed using reliability and principal-components factor analysis, tabular and data visualization methods, and OLS regression. Results indicate generally strong support for and adherence to progressive policies. However, policy clarity is moderate, and there are internal barriers perceived to adversely affect implementation efforts. DAO staff believe policies are generally effective for addressing unfair outcomes for defendants, but less so with more traditional system aims, such as decreasing crime rates and achieving quick case resolution. Adherence can be bolstered by improving other elements of implementation fidelity. These findings provide important guidance for both future policy implementation efforts in Philadelphia and for DAs seeking to implement reform agendas in other locales.
Classification of response inhibition measures: a proposal for a two-dimensional taxonomy
Authors: Colautti Laura , Iannello Paola , Antonietti Alessandro , Cancer Alice
Published: February 2025

Inhibition is a fundamental component of self-regulation which can be defined as the ability to suppress an automatic response to execute an appropriate one. Given its impact on adaptation, wellbeing, and life satisfaction, the construct of inhibition has been extensively investigated in literature from manifold perspectives. Theoretical models of inhibition have highlighted its multi-componential nature, giving reason of why a multitude of experimental and clinical tasks are commonly used in inhibition research and assessment. Considering the diverse definitions of this function, we call for an enhanced comprehension of the mechanisms underlying response inhibition, which are inherent in each measure employed to assess it. The present contribution aims to propose a two-dimensional taxonomy of inhibition measures, suggesting that the most used tasks assessing inhibition can be mapped considering two continuous dimensions largely involved in inhibition, namely, cognitive complexity (low-high) and emotional processing (hot-cold). The proposed taxonomy was conceptualized to guide researchers and clinicians in selecting the relevant measure among the available tasks when they assess inhibitory functions. Our taxonomy could contribute to establishing consistent criteria and thus further the constitution of a common ground for inhibition tasks’ classification.
Valorization of olive press cake as a sustainable alternative to peat in white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation
Authors: Cetin Mehmet , Atila Funda , Eren Erkan
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to assess the potential of olive press cake (OPC) as an alternative casing material for white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation. Five casing layer formulations, combining peat (P) and OPC at weight ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 (w/w), were evaluated alongside a peat-only control. The impact of these formulations on mushroom yield, nutrient composition, macro- and microelement concentrations, as well as lignocellulosic and chemical changes in the casing materials, was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. Mushroom yields across treatments ranged from 217.7 g/kg (P1:OPC1) to 334.2 g/kg (P3:OPC1), with the P2:OPC1, P3:OPC1, and P4:OPC1 formulations achieving significantly higher yields compared to the control treatment (238.8 g/kg). Mushrooms cultivated using the P1:OPC1 formulation exhibited higher protein (up to 29.33%), ash (13.57%), and crude fat (2.44%) contents, compared to reduced total carbohydrate levels, compared to other treatments. Macroelement analysis revealed notable increases in potassium (up to 7.18 g/100 g dry weight) and phosphorus (1.83 g/100 g) in mushrooms grown on the P1:OPC1 formulation. Additionally, microelement concentrations, including copper (15.65 mg/kg), zinc (44.70 mg/kg), and manganese (15.65 mg/kg), were significantly enriched in mushrooms from the P1:OPC1 treatment. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed extensive degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the casing materials, driven by fungal enzymatic activity. These results suggest that OPC-enriched casing formulations not only enhance mushroom yield and nutritional composition but also improve macro- and microelement contents, underscoring their potential as a sustainable alternative to peat in mushroom cultivation.
Gut Microbiome, Diet and Depression: Literature Review of Microbiological, Nutritional and Neuroscientific Aspects
Authors: Clerici Laura , Bottari Davide , Bottari Benedetta
Published: February 2025

Purpose of Review

This review explores the intricate relationships among the gut microbiota, dietary patterns, and mental health, focusing specifically on depression. It synthesizes insights from microbiological, nutritional, and neuroscientific perspectives to understand how the gut-brain axis influences mood and cognitive function.

Recent Findings

Recent studies underscore the central role of gut microbiota in modulating neurological and psychological health via the gut-brain axis. Key findings highlight the importance of dietary components, including probiotics, prebiotics, and psychobiotics, in restoring microbial balance and enhancing mood regulation. Different dietary patterns exhibit a profound impact on gut microbiota composition, suggesting their potential as complementary strategies for mental health support. Furthermore, mechanisms like tryptophan metabolism, the HPA axis, and microbial metabolites such as SCFAs are implicated in linking diet and microbiota to depression. Clinical trials show promising effects of probiotics in alleviating depressive symptoms.

This review illuminates the potential of diet-based interventions targeting the gut microbiota to mitigate depression and improve mental health. While the interplay between microbial diversity, diet, and brain function offers promising therapeutic avenues, further clinical research is needed to validate these findings and establish robust, individualized treatment strategies.