bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic nanofibers based bandage for skin cancer treatment: a non‐invasive hyperthermia therapy
Authors: Suneet Kaushik , De Tamasa , Rangarajan Annapoorni , Jain Shilpee
Published: September 2020

Background

The treatment of non‐melanoma skin cancer and deadliest malignant melanoma skin cancer are the fifth and ninth most expensive treatments in Medicare, respectively. Moreover, the recurrence of cancer after currently available therapies, that is, surgery or radiotherapy, reduces the patient's life expectancy.

Aims

In view of this, we fabricated magnetic nanofibrous mat‐based bandage to treat skin cancer non‐invasively using an external alternating current (AC) magnetic field induced hyperthermia.

Methods

The Fe3O4 nanoparticles incorporated polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers based bandages were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The efficacy of the bandage was investigated in vitro using parental/doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox)‐resistant HeLa cells and in vivo using BALB/c mouse model in the presence of an external AC magnetic field (AMF).

Results

The PCL‐Fe3O4 fibrous mat‐based bandages dissipate heat energy locally on the application of an external AMF and increase the surrounding temperature in a controlled way up to 45°C in a few mins. The in vitro study confirms the elevated temperature could kill parental and Dox‐resistant HeLa cells significantly. As the activity of Dox enhanced at a higher temperatures, more than 85% of parental HeLa cells were dead when cells incubated with Dox contained fibrous mat in the presence of AMF for 10 minutes. Further, we confirm the full recovery of chemically induced skin tumors on BALB/c mice within a month after five hyperthermic doses for 15 minutes. Also, there was no sign of inflammation and recurrence of cancer post‐therapy.

Conclusion

The present study confirms the PCL‐Fe3O4 nanofibrous based bandages are unique and compelling to treat skin cancer.
EGFRmutations andROS1andALKrearrangements in a large series of non‐small cell lung cancer in South India
Authors: Tarigopula Anil , Ramasubban Gayathri , Chandrashekar Vani , Govindasami Perumal , Chandran Chitra
Published: September 2020

Background

Driver mutations are seen in 80% of lung adenocarcinomas, and they influence prognosis and choice of therapy.

Aim

Aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations,ALKandROS1rearrangements and their association with age and gender in non‐small cell lung cancer reported from a tertiary care center in South India.

Methods

Tumors from patients with non‐small cell carcinoma of lung were evaluated forEGFRmutations,ALKandROS1rearrangements and their association with age and gender were studied.

Results

Two thirds of non‐small cell carcinomas had driver mutations or rearrangements.EGFRmutation was common and seen in 34.1%, whereasALKrearrangement was seen in 11.1% andROS1rearrangement in 2% patients. AmongEGFRmutations, most common were Exon 19 deletion and L858R seen in 21.3% and 11% of patients, respectively. Adenocarcinoma was the histologic diagnosis in 81% to 85% of patients with exon 19 deletion and L858R mutation, respectively.EGFRmutation frequency in patients less than 36 years was 13.6%, whereas in older patients, it varied from 34% to 36%. Exon 19 deletion was seen in 29.8% females and 17.2% of males.

Conclusion

EGFRmutations are more common thanALKandROS1rearrangements. They are more common in females. Patients less than 36 years have reduced frequency ofEGFRmutations. Exon 19 deletion and L858R are most common and are more prevalent in lung adenocarcinomas. RareEGFRmutations are seen in patients aged more than 50 years.
Synthesis and Characterization of Double‐Salt Herbicidal Ionic Liquids Comprising both 4‐Chloro‐2‐methylphenoxyacetate and trans‐Cinnamate Anions
Authors: Szymaniak Daria , Maćkowiak Adam , Ciarka Kamil , Praczyk Tadeusz , Marcinkowska Katarzyna , Pernak Juliusz
Published: September 2020

The synthesis and characteristics are presented of novel double‐salt herbicidal ionic liquids (DSHILs) that contain 4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxyacetate and trans‐cinnamate anions. In the designed synthesis, an anion of natural origin and a herbicidal anion were combined with an amphiphilic bisammonium cation to obtain new DSHILs with high herbicidal activity while high biocompatibility is maintained. The NMR and HRMS spectral analysis confirmed that the target structures were formed. Furthermore, HPLC analyses indicated that, as assumed, both anions were present in equimolar amounts. Experiments regarding the herbicidal effectiveness confirmed that the synthesized DSHILs exhibited high biological activity. The solutions of DSHILs applied during greenhouse studies were characterized by a low contact angle (approx. 55–67°) and surface tension (approx. 32–35 mN m−1), which facilitated the contact of the active substance with the plant surface and penetration of the herbicide into the plant tissues.
The relationship between prototype ratings of personality and self and interpersonal functioning with an adolescent inpatient sample
Authors: Haggerty Greg , Esang Michael , Salaheldin Khalid , Lima Ateaya
Published: September 2020

Personality pathology is conceptualized, in part, as impairments in self and interpersonal functioning. Although most of the research has focused on adult samples, fewer have looked at this relationship in adolescent samples. This paper investigates the relationship between clinician‐rated personality prototypes, the Shedler–Westen Assessment Procedure‐Prototype Matching Adolescent Version (SWAP‐A‐P) derived from the SWAP‐II‐A, and a measure of self and interpersonal functioning, the Social Cognition and Object Relation Scale‐Global Rating (SCORS‐G). Clinicians rated 66 adolescents hospitalized at a safety net teaching hospital in the northeast. The patient's individual and group therapist rated the patients at discharge using the SWAP‐A‐P and the SCORS‐G at discharge blind to each other's ratings. Results showed that more severe personality pathology was linked with more impairments in self and interpersonal functioning.
Data File Standard for Flow Cytometry, Version FCS 3.2
Authors: Spidlen Josef , Moore Wayne , Parks David , Goldberg Michael , Blenman Kim , Cavenaugh James S. ,   the ISAC Data Standards Task Force, Brinkman Ryan
Published: September 2020

FCS 3.2 is a revision of the flow cytometry data standard based on a decade of suggested improvements from the community as well as industry needs to capture instrument conditions and measurement features more precisely. The unchanged goal of the standard is to provide a uniform file format that allows files created by one type of acquisition hardware and software to be analyzed by any other type. The standard retains the overall FCS file structure and most features of previous versions, but also contains a few changes that were required to support new types of data and use cases efficiently. These changes are incompatible with existing FCS file readers. Notably, FCS 3.2 supports mixed data types to, for example, allow FCS measurements that are intrinsically integers (e.g., indices or class assignments) or measurements that are commonly captured as integers (e.g., time ticks) to be more represented as integer values, while capturing other measurements as floating‐point values in the same FCS data set. In addition, keywords explicitly specifying dyes, detectors, and analytes were added to avoid having to extract those heuristically and unreliably from measurement names. Types of measurements were formalized, several keywords added, others removed, or deprecated, and various aspects of the specification were clarified. A reference implementation of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) calculation is provided in two programming languages since a correct CRC implementation was problematic for many vendors. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Smokey the Beaver: beaver‐dammed riparian corridors stay green during wildfire throughout the western United States
Authors: Fairfax Emily , Whittle Andrew
Published: September 2020

Beaver dams are gaining popularity as a low‐tech, low‐cost strategy to build climate resiliency at the landscape scale. They slow and store water that can be accessed by riparian vegetation during dry periods, effectively protecting riparian ecosystems from droughts. Whether or not this protection extends to wildfire has been discussed anecdotally but has not been examined in a scientific context. We used remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data to compare riparian vegetation greenness in areas with and without beaver damming during wildfire. We include data from five large wildfires of varying burn severity and dominant landcover settings in the western United States in our analysis. We found that beaver‐dammed riparian corridors are relatively unaffected by wildfire when compared to similar riparian corridors without beaver damming. On average, the decrease in NDVI during fire in areas without beaver is 3.05 times as large as it is in areas with beaver. However, plant greenness rebounded in the year after wildfire regardless of beaver activity. Thus, we conclude that, while beaver activity does not necessarily play a role in riparian vegetation post‐fire resilience, it does play a significant role in riparian vegetation fire resistance and refugia creation.
Sensitive environmental DNA detection via lateral flow assay (dipstick)—A case study on corallivorous crown‐of‐thorns sea star (Acanthaster cf. solaris) detection
Authors: Doyle Jason , Uthicke Sven
Published: September 2020

Environmental DNA (eDNA) represents an emerging opportunity for species monitoring in the marine environment. One aspect that poses challenges is the ability to detect target DNA without the complexity of specialized laboratory equipment. Lateral flow is an analytical technique that has been adopted in point‐of‐care diagnostics for human, veterinary, and agricultural health. Here, we aim to use lateral flow assay as a detection method for eDNA monitoring using a commercially available nucleic acid lateral flow device (PCRD™) in combination with previously developed species‐specific mtDNA primers. Episodic population explosions of coral‐eating crown‐of‐thorns sea star (CoTS) contribute significantly to the coral reef crisis on tropical Pacific coral reefs. Laboratory testing revealed our lateral flow assay developed for CoTS was as sensitive as digital droplet PCR and able to detect < 10 copies of target DNA, per PCR. Furthermore, the lateral flow assay was completed in less than half the time compared with digital droplet PCR and cost less than half that of digital droplet PCR. We applied this method to eDNA water samples collected in field locations where CoTS were present in low (=nonoutbreak) population densities and found lateral flow assay to be sufficiently sensitive to detect these populations. Detection of low‐density CoTS populations is critical for early warning of outbreaks and leads to early management interventions (e.g., culling). Importantly, we demonstrate that with species‐specific primers, the development and application of lateral flow assay methods for eDNA detection are feasible, for example, for invasive or threatened species, or those with high conservation value.
Adsorption, Thermodynamic, and Experimental Studies of Corrosion Inhibitor of Tin in 0.2 M Maleic Acid by Hydrogen Phosphate Ions (HPO42−)
Authors: Ait Addi Brahim , Ait Addi Abdelaziz , Shaban Abdul , Ait Addi El‐Habib , Hamdani Mohamed
Published: September 2020

The inhibition efficiency of H2PO42− ions against tin corrosion in 0.2 M maleic acid is studied using electrochemical methods, surface analytical methods, and thermodynamic analysis. The potentiodynamic polarization plots showed the presence of an active/passive transition state of the tin electrode. The EIS measurements confirmed that the inhibition efficiency of H2PO42− increased by increasing the concentration (η=81 % at Cinh=2.10−2 M) and decreased by rising the temperature. The polarization tests demonstrated that the inhibitor performs as a cathodic‐type. The adsorption of the inhibitor was spontaneous and followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A model of the inhibition mechanism was suggested.
Availability, affordability, and quality of essential antiepileptic drugs in Lao PDR
Authors: Sengxeu Noudy , Dufat Hanh , Boumediene Farid , Vorachit Somchit , Chivorakoun Phetvongsinh , Souvong Vimalay , Manithip Chanthanom , Preux Pierre‐Marie , Ratsimbazafy Voa , Jost Jeremy
Published: September 2020

Objective

Epilepsy is a chronic condition treatable by cost‐effective antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), but limited access to treatment was documented. The availability and affordability of good quality of AEDs play a significant role in access to good health care. This study aimed to assess the availability, affordability, and quality of long‐term AEDs in Lao PDR.

Method

A cross‐sectional study was performed in both public and private drug supply chains in urban and rural areas in Lao PDR. Data on AEDs availability and price were obtained through drug suppliers. Affordability was estimated as the number of day wages the lowest‐paid government employee must work to purchase a monthly treatment. Samples of AEDs were collected, and the quality of AEDs was assessed through Medicine Quality Assessment Reporting Guidelines.

Results

Out of 237 outlets visited, only 50 outlets (21.1% [95% CI 16.1‐26.8]) had at least one AED available. The availability was significantly different between urban (24.9%) and rural areas (10.0%), P = .017. Phenobarbital 100 mg was the most available (14.3%); followed by sodium valproate 200 mg (9.7%), phenytoin 100 mg (9.7%), and carbamazepine 200 mg (8.9%). In provincial/district hospitals and health centers, AEDs were provided free of charge. In other healthcare facilities, phenytoin 100 mg and phenobarbital 100 mg showed the best affordability (1.0 and 1.2 day wages, respectively) compared to carbamazepine 200 mg (2.3 days) and other AEDs. No sample was identified as counterfeit, but 15.0% [95% CI 7.1‐26.6] of samples were classified as of poor quality.

Significance

We quantified and qualified the various factors contributing to the high treatment gap in Lao PDR, adding to diagnostic issues (not assessed here). Availability remains very low and phenobarbital which is the most available and affordable AED was the worst in terms of quality. A drug policy addressing epilepsy treatment gap would reduce these barriers.
Secure transmission for wireless collaborative systems based on second‐order channel statistics
Authors: Yan Lei , Lu Jihua , Yang Zhiliang , Liu Dan
Published: September 2020

In this article, we investigate the maximum secrecy rates (SRs) and the optimal beamforming schemes for a collaborative wireless network under uncertain channel levels of available second‐order statistics. Both decode‐and‐forward (DF) and amplify‐and‐forward (AF) strategies under the aggregate and individual power constraints are considered. We have derived the maximum SRs and the optimal beamforming vectors under aforementioned conditions and an efficient cooperation paradigm to provide secrecy in a multirelay environment. A closed‐form maximum SR in the DF scheme under aggregate power constraint is presented. Next, the upper and lower bounds for the maximum SR under aggregate power constraint in the AF scheme is derived. The optimization problem in the AF scheme can be converted into a convex semidefinite programming problem, which is efficiently solved by the bisection method. Moreover, the optimal beamforming weights are also obtained to maximize the SRs under both aggregate and individual relay power constraints. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithms.