bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alterations in blood proteins in the prodromal stage of bipolar II disorders
Authors: Lee Hyunju , Han Dohyun , Rhee Sang Jin , Kim Jayoun , Lee Yunna , Kim Eun Young , Park Dong Yeon , Roh Sungwon , Baik Myungjae , Jung Hee Yeon , Lee Junhee , Lee Tae Young , Kim Minah , Shin Hyunsuk , Kim Hyeyoon , Kim Se Hyun , Kwon Jun Soo , Ahn Yong Min , Ha Kyooseob
Published: February 2022

Although early intervention may help prevent the progression of bipolar disorder, there are some controversies over early pharmacological intervention. In this study, we recruited 40 subjects in the prodromal stage of BD-II (BP), according to bipolar at-risk state criteria. We compared the expression of their plasma proteins with that of 48 BD-II and 75 healthy control (HC) to identify markers that could be detected in a high-risk state. The multiple reaction monitoring method was used to measure target peptide levels with high accuracy. A total of 26 significant peptides were identified through analysis of variance with multiple comparisons, of which 19 were differentially expressed in the BP group when compared to the BD-II and HC groups. Two proteins were overexpressed in the BP group; and were related to pro-inflammation and impaired neurotransmission. The other under-expressed peptides in the BP group were related to blood coagulation, immune reactions, lipid metabolism, and the synaptic plasticity. In this study, significant markers observed in the BP group have been reported in patients with psychiatric disorders. Overall, the results suggest that the pathophysiological changes included in BD-II had already occurred with BP, thus justifying early pharmacological treatment to prevent disease progression.
Differential molecular response in mice and human thymocytes exposed to a combined-dose radiation regime
Authors: López-Nieva Pilar , González-Vasconcellos Iria , González-Sánchez Laura , Cobos-Fernández María A. , Ruiz-García Sara , Sánchez Pérez Raúl , Aroca Ángel , Fernández-Piqueras José , Santos Javier
Published: February 2022

In the quest for more effective radiation treatment options that can improve both cell killing and healthy tissue recovery, combined radiation therapies are lately in the spotlight. The molecular response to a combined radiation regime where exposure to an initial low dose (priming dose) of ionizing radiation is administered prior to a subsequent higher radiation dose (challenging dose) after a given latency period have not been thoroughly explored. In this study we report on the differential response to either a combined radiation regime or a single challenging dose both in mouse in vivo and in human ex vivo thymocytes. A differential cell cycle response including an increase in the subG1 fraction on cells exposed to the combined regime was found. Together with this, a differential protein expression profiling in several pathways including cell cycle control (ATM, TP53, p21CDKN1A), damage response (γH2AX) and cell death pathways such as apoptosis (Cleaved Caspase-3, PARP1, PKCδ and H3T45ph) and ferroptosis (xCT/GPX4) was demonstrated. This study also shows the epigenetic regulation following a combined regime that alters the expression of chromatin modifiers such as DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT2, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, DNMT3L) and glycosylases (MBD4 and TDG). Furthermore, a study of the underlying cellular status six hours after the priming dose alone showed evidence of retained modifications on the molecular and epigenetic pathways suggesting that the priming dose infers a “radiation awareness phenotype” to the thymocytes, a sensitization key to the differential response seen after the second hit with the challenging dose. These data suggest that combined-dose radiation regimes could be more efficient at making cells respond to radiation and it would be interesting to further investigate how can these schemes be of use to potential new radiation therapies.
Unraveling hidden rules behind the wet-to-dry transition of bubble array by glass-box physics rule learner
Authors: Cho In Ho , Yeom Sinchul , Sarkar Tanmoy , Oh Tae-Sik
Published: February 2022

A liquid–gas foam, here called bubble array, is a ubiquitous phenomenon widely observed in daily lives, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, and even bio- and nano-technologies. This intriguing phenomenon has been often studied in a well-controlled environment in laboratories, computations, or analytical models. Still, real-world bubble undergoes complex nonlinear transitions from wet to dry conditions, which are hard to describe by unified rules as a whole. Here, we show that a few early-phase snapshots of bubble array can be learned by a glass-box physics rule learner (GPRL) leading to prediction rules of future bubble array. Unlike the black-box machine learning approach, the glass-box approach seeks to unravel expressive rules of the phenomenon that can evolve. Without known principles, GPRL identifies plausible rules of bubble prediction with an elongated bubble array data that transitions from wet to dry states. Then, the best-so-far GPRL-identified rule is applied to an independent circular bubble array, demonstrating the potential generality of the rule. We explain how GPRL uses the spatio-temporal convolved information of early bubbles to mimic the scientist’s perception of bubble sides, shapes, and inter-bubble influences. This research will help combine foam physics and machine learning to better understand and control bubbles.
Temporal and spatial variability of prehistoric aquatic resource procurement: a case study from Mesolithic Northern Iberia
Authors: Milano Stefania , Schöne Bernd R. , González-Morales Manuel R. , Gutiérrez-Zugasti Igor
Published: February 2022

Prehistoric shell middens hold valuable evidence of past human–environment interactions. In this study, we used carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotopes of Mytilus galloprovincialis shells excavated from El Perro, La Fragua and La Chora, three Mesolithic middens in Cantabria, Northern Spain, to examine hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies in terms of seasonality and collection areas. Furthermore, we used shell δ18O to reconstruct water temperature during the early Holocene. Stable isotopes reveal a shellfish harvesting diversification trend represented by the gradual establishment of the upper estuaries as new procurement areas and an increase of harvesting mobility in both coastal and in-land sites. These innovations in subsistence strategies during the Mesolithic coincided with major changes in the surrounding environment as attested by the water temperature reconstructions based on δ18O and backed by several global and regional records. Overall, our results show that shell δ13C and δ18O stable isotopes have an underexplored potential as provenance proxies which stimulates their application to the archaeological record to further understand prehistoric human resource procurement and diet.
Predicting plant growth response under fluctuating temperature by carbon balance modelling
Authors: Seydel Charlotte , Biener Julia , Brodsky Vladimir , Eberlein Svenja , Nägele Thomas
Published: February 2022

Quantification of system dynamics is a central aim of mathematical modelling in biology. Defining experimentally supported functional relationships between molecular entities by mathematical terms enables the application of computational routines to simulate and analyse the underlying molecular system. In many fields of natural sciences and engineering, trigonometric functions are applied to describe oscillatory processes. As biochemical oscillations occur in many aspects of biochemistry and biophysics, Fourier analysis of metabolic functions promises to quantify, describe and analyse metabolism and its reaction towards environmental fluctuations. Here, Fourier polynomials were developed from experimental time-series data and combined with block diagram simulation of plant metabolism to study heat shock response of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and carbohydrate metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Simulations predicted a stabilising effect of reduced sucrose biosynthesis capacity and increased capacity of starch biosynthesis on carbon assimilation under transient heat stress. Model predictions were experimentally validated by quantifying plant growth under such stress conditions. In conclusion, this suggests that Fourier polynomials represent a predictive mathematical approach to study dynamic plant-environment interactions.
In-depth comparison of the metabolic and pharmacokinetic behaviour of the structurally related synthetic cannabinoids AMB-FUBINACA and AMB-CHMICA in rats
Authors: Fabregat-Safont David , Mata-Pesquera María , Barneo-Muñoz Manuela , Martinez-Garcia Ferran , Mardal Marie , Davidsen Anders B. , Sancho Juan V. , Hernández Félix , Ibáñez María
Published: February 2022

Synthetic cannabinoids receptor agonists (SCRAs) are often almost completely metabolised, and hence their pharmacokinetics should be carefully evaluated for determining the most adequate biomarker in toxicological analysis. Two structurally related SCRAs, AMB-FUBINACA and AMB-CHMICA, were selected to evaluate their in vivo metabolism and pharmacokinetics using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Brain, liver, kidney, blood (serum) and urine samples were collected at different times to assess the differences in metabolism, metabolic reactions, tissue distribution and excretion. Both compounds experimented O-demethyl reaction, which occurred more rapidly for AMB-FUBINACA. The parent compounds and O-demethyl metabolites were highly bioaccumulated in liver, and were still detected in this tissue 48 h after injection. The different indazole/indole N-functionalisation produced diverse metabolic reactions in this moiety and thus, different urinary metabolites were formed. Out of the two compounds, AMB-FUBINACA seemed to easily cross the blood-brain barrier, presenting higher brain/serum concentrations ratio than AMB-CHMICA.
Peptide transporter structure reveals binding and action mechanism of a potent PEPT1 and PEPT2 inhibitor
Authors: Stauffer Mirko , Jeckelmann Jean-Marc , Ilgü Hüseyin , Ucurum Zöhre , Boggavarapu Rajendra , Fotiadis Dimitrios
Published: February 2022

Inhibitors for membrane transporters have been shown to be indispensable as drugs and tool compounds. The proton-dependent oligopeptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2 from the SLC15 family play important roles in human and mammalian physiology. With Lys[Z(NO2)]-Val (LZNV), a modified Lys-Val dipeptide, a potent transport inhibitor for PEPT1 and PEPT2 is available. Here we present the crystal structure of the peptide transporter YePEPT in complex with LZNV. The structure revealed the molecular interactions for inhibitor binding and a previously undescribed mostly hydrophobic pocket, the PZ pocket, involved in interaction with LZNV. Comparison with a here determined ligand-free structure of the transporter unveiled that the initially absent PZ pocket emerges through conformational changes upon inhibitor binding. The provided biochemical and structural information constitutes an important framework for the mechanistic understanding of inhibitor binding and action in proton-dependent oligopeptide transporters.
Ancient and recent collisions revealed by phosphate minerals in the Chelyabinsk meteorite
Authors: Walton Craig R. , Shorttle Oliver , Hu Sen , Rae Auriol S. P. , Jianglong Ji , Černok Ana , Williams Helen , Liu Yu , Tang Guoqiang , Li Qiuli , Anand Mahesh
Published: February 2022

The collision history of asteroids is an important archive of inner Solar System evolution. Evidence for these collisions is brought to Earth by meteorites. However, as meteorites often preserve numerous impact-reset mineral ages, interpretation of their collision histories is controversial. Here, we combine analysis of phosphate U-Pb ages and microtextures to interpret the collision history of Chelyabinsk—a highly shocked meteorite. We show that phosphate U-Pb ages correlate with phosphate microtextural state. Pristine phosphate domain U-Pb compositions are generally concordant, whereas fracture-damaged domains universally display discordance. Combining both populations best constrains upper (4473 ± 11 Ma) and lower intercept (−9 ± 55 Ma, i.e., within error of present) U-Pb ages. All phosphate U-Pb ages were completely reset during an ancient high energy collision, whilst fracture-damaged domains experienced further Pb-loss during mild and recent collisional re-heating. Targeting textural sub-populations of phosphate grains permits more robust reconstruction of asteroidal collision histories.
Efficient charge migration in TiO2@PB nanorod arrays with core–shell structure for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Mao Guobing , Li Chunxiao , Li Zhengdao , Xu Miao , Wu Heng , Liu Qi
Published: February 2022

TiO2@PB heterojunction nanorod arrays as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical cells were prepared by a simple hydrothermal and electrodeposition method, and show excellent photoelectrochemical performance under irradiation due to efficient charge migration.
Evaluation of the anti-osteoporotic effect of a low-phenylalanine whey protein hydrolysate in an ovariectomized mice model
Authors: Bu Tingting , Zhang Ling , Liu Ling , Yu Songfeng , Zheng Jiexia , Wu Jianping , Yang Kai
Published: February 2022

A low-Phe containing whey hydrolysate (LPH) and its original whey protein hydrolysate (TAH) exerted an anti-osteoporotic effect on ovariectomized mice through dual-regulation of bone remodeling.
Sustainable biomass hydrodeoxygenation in biphasic systems
Authors: Wei Hongyu , Wang Zhiying , Li Hao
Published: February 2022

Various advantages of sustainable biomass hydrodeoxygenation in water-oil biphasic systems.
Comprehensive multiplexed superfusion system enables physiological emulation in cell culture: exemplification by persistent circadian entrainment
Authors: Gao Xumei , Wu Yanqi , Cheng Tianhong , Stewart Alastair G.
Published: February 2022

A multiplexed superfusion system enables dynamic in vitro physiological emulation, as demonstrated by persistent circadian entrainment.
Marine natural products
Authors: Carroll Anthony R. , Copp Brent R. , Davis Rohan A. , Keyzers Robert A. , Prinsep Michèle R.
Published: February 2022

A comprehensive review of 1407 new MNPs including turbinmicin, a potent antifungal lead isolated from a marine bacterium.
Analysis of grain size and five-fold twins during rapid solidification processes inTi3Al alloy
Authors: Li Lianxin , Gao Tinghong , Xie Quan , Tian Zean
Published: February 2022

A deeper insight into the properties of five-fold twins is obtained by establishing a standard five-fold twin nanocluster with the same size as the one gained by solidification for comparison to obtain the commonalities and differences between them.
Large-scale synthesis of ultrafine Fe3C nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous carbon nanosheets for high-rate lithium storage
Authors: Yu Ying , Wang Xuanli , Zhang Hongkun , Cao Zhiqin , Wu Haoyang , Jia Baorui , Yang Jun Jun , Qu Xuanhui , Qin Mingli
Published: February 2022

Fe3C modified by the incorporation of carbon materials offers excellent electrical conductivity and interfacial lithium storage, making it attractive as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries.
Modeling the syn-cycle in the light activated opening of the channelrhodopsin-2 ion channel
Authors: Xin Qi , Cheng Jie , Wang Hongwei , Zhang Wenying , Lu Hong , Zhou Junpeng , Lo Glenn V. , Dou Yusheng , Yuan Shuai
Published: February 2022

Modelling the syn-cycle is a series of operations on the ChR2 crystal structure (PDB ID: 6EID). By replacement and isomerization, we obtained P500* and P480 intermediates. A feasible explanation that no P390* was observed in experiment was inferred.
Effective utilization of magnetic nano-coupled cloned β-xylanase in saccharification process
Authors: Hamid Attia , Zafar Asma , Liaqat Iram , Afzal Muhammad Sohail , Peng Liangcai , Rauf Muhammad Khawar , ul Haq Ikram , ur-Rehman Asad , Ali Sikander , Aftab Muhammad Nauman
Published: February 2022

The β-xylanase gene (DCE06_04615) with 1041 bp cloned from Thermotoga naphthophila was expressed into E. coli BL21 DE3.
Ultrathin hollow hemisphere-carbon-anchored Ni3FeN nanoparticles as nanoreactors facilitating the formation of NiCx with long-term durability for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yu Liang , Zhang Gaowei , Chen Huanhui , Zeng Junrong , Liu Ya , Yang Qixin , Zhong Liubiao , Qiu Yejun
Published: February 2022

An OER electrode with unique structure was prepared via anchoring Ni3FeN nanoparticles onto ultrathin hollow hemisphere-carbon. During OER process, NiCx was electrochemically reconstructed on the Ni3FeN nanoparticle surface as a protective layer.
Dimensional optimization enables high-performance capacitive deionization
Authors: Wang Ronghao , Sun Kaiwen , Zhang Yuhao , Qian Chengfei , Bao Weizhai
Published: February 2022

A schematic diagram of the relationship between material dimensions and optimized CDI performance.
Carbon nanodot-induced Eu3+-based fluorescent polymeric hydrogel for excellent phase-separation absorption of VOC
Authors: Li Heng , Guo Jiangbo , Ren Jujie , Li Yajuan , Yu Xudong
Published: February 2022

This work reported the in situ preparation of CD-induced Ln hydrogels by heat-set method. The resulting hydrogels showed excellent performance for the phase-separation absorption of VOC.
An effective Fe(ii) doping strategy for stable and highly photoluminescent CsPbBrI2 nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Yanbin , Yang Hewei , Song Jian , Zhang Bao
Published: February 2022

Iron dopants (FeBr2, FeAc2, and FeF2) have been used to modify the performance of red CsPbBrI2 perovskites, and stable and highly photoluminescent Fe2+ doped CsPbBrI2 nanocrystals were obtained.
Mesoscale interplay between phonons and crystal electric field excitations in quantum spin liquid candidate CsYbSe2
Authors: Pai Yun-Yi , Marvinney Claire E. , Liang Liangbo , Xing Jie , Scheie Allen , Puretzky Alexander A. , Halász Gábor B. , Li Xun , Juneja Rinkle , Sefat Athena S. , Parker David , Lindsay Lucas , Lawrie Benjamin J.
Published: February 2022

In quantum spin liquid candidate CsYbSe2, phonon coupling to a crystal electric field mode results in a vibronic bound state, and complex, mesoscale interplay between phonon modes and CEF modes is observed.
Carrier-free nanomedicine for enhanced photodynamic tumor therapy through glutathione S-transferase inhibition
Authors: Li Xinyu , Kong Renjiang , Li Yanmei , Huang Jiaqi , Zhou Xiang , Li Shiying , Cheng Hong
Published: February 2022

A chlorine e6 and coniferyl ferulate-based self-delivery nanomedicine is developed to inhibit intracellular glutathione S-transferase (GST) and enhance the photodynamic therapy (PDT)-mediated oxidative damage on tumor cells.
Iron decorated ultrathin cobaltous hydroxide nanoflakes with impressive electrochemical reactivity for aqueous Zn batteries
Authors: Xie Jinhao , Zhang Haozhe , Yang Fan , Cao Xiaoshuo , Liu Xiaoqing , Lu Xihong
Published: February 2022

New Fe decorated cobaltous hydroxide (FCO) nanoflakes with vastly improved capacity and cycling stability via an efficient Fe induced surface activation approach are reported for Co–Zn batteries.
Unsteady melt heat flow coupling optimization method for sapphire crystal seeding growth by the Kyropoulos method
Authors: Xu Jia , Qiao TieZhu , Li Qing , Zhang GuoWei , Hao GuiRong
Published: February 2022

The optimization method of crystal rotation can effectively improve the temperature distribution on the surface of the melt.
Control of supramolecular chirality in co-crystals of achiral moleculesviastacking interactions and hydrogen bonding
Authors: Fedyanin Ivan V.
Published: February 2022

An approach is proposed to obtain non-centrosymmetric multicomponent crystal structures by co-crystallization of achiral molecules that can form both H-bonded chains along a 2-fold screw axis and infinite π-stacks propagating by translation.
Conformational plasticity of DNA secondary structures: probing the conversion between i-motif and hairpin species by circular dichroism and ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopies
Authors: Amato Jussara , Iaccarino Nunzia , D'Aria Federica , D'Amico Francesco , Randazzo Antonio , Giancola Concetta , Cesàro Attilio , Di Fonzo Silvia , Pagano Bruno
Published: February 2022

Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy hallmark the pH-dependent structural conversions of i-motif-forming DNA sequences.
Electrochemically produced local pH changes stimulating (bio)molecule release from pH-switchable electrode-immobilized avidin–biotin systems
Authors: Badenhorst Ronaldo , Kadambar Vasantha Krishna , Bellare Madhura , Melman Artem , Katz Evgeny , Smutok Oleh
Published: February 2022

Modified biotin–avidin systems were used for signal-triggered release of a model fluorescent dye and a biocatalytic species of microperoxidase-11. The releasing signal was produced electrochemically by changing local pH near the electrode surface.
Honeycomb-structured copper indium sulfide thin films obtainedviaa nanosphere colloidal lithography method
Authors: Vakalopoulou Efthymia , Rath Thomas , Warchomicka Fernando Gustavo , Carraro Francesco , Falcaro Paolo , Amenitsch Heinz , Trimmel Gregor
Published: February 2022

Honeycomb structured copper indium sulfide layers are successfully realizedviaa nanosphere lithography route employing polystyrene nanosphere array templates and metal xanthates or a nanocrystal ink.
Mesoporous Fe–Al-doped cellulose for the efficient removal of reactive dyes
Authors: Khapre Maithili , Shekhawat Anita , Saravanan D. , Pandey Sadanand , Jugade Ravin
Published: February 2022

A cellulose biopolymer was doped with Fe and Al forming a mesoporous composite. The composite showed excellent adsorption capacities of 117.86 mg g−1 and 95.62 mg g−1 for Reactive red 21 and Reactive blue 19 respectively.
Me2(CH2CH)SiCN: a bifunctional ethylene equivalent for Diels–Alder reaction based controllable tandem synthesis
Authors: Wu Wen-Biao , Mu Bo-Shuai , Yu Jin-Sheng , Zhou Jian
Published: February 2022

We report an unprecedented tandem Wittig/cyanosilylation/DA reaction/retro-cyanosilylation/isomerization sequence by using our designed bifunctional ethylene equivalent Me2(CH2CH)SiCN.
Opportunities and limitations of membrane-based preconcentration for rapid and continuous diagnostic applications
Authors: Drexelius Amy , Kim Steve , Hussain Saber , Heikenfeld Jason
Published: February 2022

Osmotic or pneumatically-generated pressure gradients can be used in membrane-based filtration processes to preconcentrate biofluid samples for enhanced signal and increased sensitivity in diagnostic sensing applications.
Interfacial engineering for metal oxide/nitride nano-heterojunctions towards high-rate lithium-ion storage
Authors: Zou Bobo , Zhang Wei , Cui Yingxue , Li Sheng , Li Guochun , Liu Xianhu , Ng Dickon H. L. , Qiu Jingxia , Lian Jiabiao
Published: February 2022

A built-in electric field (BIEF) is induced at the interface of TMOs/TMNs nano-heterojunctions, which is responsible for high Li+ adsorbability and low Li+ diffusion barrier. Such interfacial effects endow the TMOs/TMNs with high-rate Li+ storage.
Coupling denitrification and ammonia synthesis via selective electrochemical reduction of nitric oxide over Fe2O3 nanorods
Authors: Liang Jie , Chen Hongyu , Mou Ting , Zhang Longcheng , Lin Yiting , Yue Luchao , Luo Yongsong , Liu Qian , Li Na , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Shakir Imran , Agboola Philips O. , Wang Yuanyuan , Tang Bo , Ma Dongwei , Sun Xuping
Published: February 2022

Fe2O3/CP acts as an electrocatalyst enabling efficient NH3 generation via NO reduction, capable of attaining a faradaic efficiency of 86.73% and an NH3 yield of 78.02 μmol h−1 cm−2. The Fe2O3-based Zn–NO battery offers a power density of 1.18 mW cm−2.
The benefits of living together – studying marine symbioses to discover enzymes for biotechnology applications
Authors: Jaspars Marcel
Published: February 2022

Over the past 50 years, more than 15 pharmaceuticals derived from marine organisms have come to the market. Most of these come from filter-feeding invertebrates that contain a high proportion of microbial symbionts. Microbiology and molecular genetic studies have shown that many of these drug-like compounds are produced by the microbial symbiont. The enzymes that produce these compounds are promiscuous meaning they can process a diverse range of related substrates, making them extremely attractive to the biotechnology industry. Determining the structure of these enzymes makes them amenable to engineering, allowing them to process non-natural substrates. Using this approach, synthetic substrates can be treated with a cocktail of enzymes to prepare focused libraries of compounds to hit drug targets such as protein–protein interactions. These targets are involved in a range of diseases from cancer to immune disorders and are hard to modulate using small molecule drugs. Complex modified cyclic peptides produced using a chemoenzymatic process may be a promising approach to address these disease conditions.
Single infrared image super‐resolution based on lightweight multi‐path feature fusion network
Authors: Mo Fei , Wu Heng , Qu Shuo , Luo Shaojuan , Cheng Lianglun
Published: February 2022

Single infrared (IR) image super‐resolution methods can help to reduce the cost and difficulty in manufacturing IR sensors for the imaging system. However, the deep learning‐based image SR methods need to build a complex network and thus consume a lot of computational power, which limits the application of SR technology on devices with low computing resources in practice. To solve this problem, the authors present a lightweight multi‐path feature fusion network (MFFN) for the single infrared (IR) image SR. A multi‐path feature fusion block (MFFB) is developed to extract and fuse multiple and discriminative features in a recursive feedback way. Specifically, the multiple features are refined via the linear feature extraction branch, shared‐source residual feature extraction branch, and channel attention branch in MFFB. Finally, the authors reconstruct the high‐resolution IR images from the low‐resolution counterpart based on the refined multiple features. The experimental results demonstrate that MFFN achieves high‐quality single infrared image SR and shows superiority over previous methods for several scale factors (e.g. ×2, ×3, and ×4). MFFN has potential applications in the mobile infrared imaging system.
Dynamic exploitation Gaussian bare‐bones bat algorithm for optimal reactive power dispatch to improve the safety and stability of power system
Authors: Qu Zhaoyang , Dong Yunchang , Mugemanyi Sylvère , Yu Tong , Bo Xiaoyong , Li Huashun , Li Yang , Rugema François Xavier , Bananeza Christophe
Published: February 2022

Here, a novel Gaussian bare‐bones bat algorithm (GBBBA) and its modified version named as dynamic exploitation Gaussian bare‐bones bat algorithm (DeGBBBA) are proposed for solving optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem. The optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) plays a fundamental role in ensuring stable, secure, reliable as well as economical operation of the power system. The proposed GBBBA employs the Gaussian distribution in updating the bat positions in an effort to mitigate the premature convergence problem associated with the standard BA. DeGBBBA is an advanced variant of GBBBA in which a modified Gaussian distribution is introduced so as to allow the dynamic adaptation of exploitation and exploitation in the proposed algorithm. Both GBBBA and DeGBBBA are used to determine the optimal settings of generator bus voltages, tap setting transformers and shunt reactive sources in order to minimize the active power loss, total voltage deviations and voltage stability index. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated on three power system test bus including the standard IEEE 14‐bus, IEEE 57‐bus and IEEE 118‐bus. Simulation results show that GBBBA and DeGBBBA are robust and effective in solving the ORPD problem.
Few‐shot learning based multi‐weather‐condition impedance identification for MPPT‐controlled PV converters
Authors: Peng Yang , Wang Yue , Liu Yonghui , Gao Kaijie , Yin Taiyuan , Yu Hanqiao
Published: February 2022

The broadband impedance of converters is an essential feature for the stability analysis of new energy sources. However, obtaining the impedance for photovoltaic (PV) converters with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control is challenging because of their non‐linear control schemes and real‐time changing operating points. In this case, conventional linearized impedance modelling methods are not applicable, and conventional direct measurement approaches are highly time‐consuming. This paper proposes a few‐shot learning approach for quick access to PV converters’ impedance. The proposed method is based on the model agnostic meta‐learning (MAML) algorithm, suitable for MPPT‐controlled converters whose impedance changes with time, temperature, and irradiation. In the training process, it adjusts the initial model of the machine learning algorithm under different weather conditions. After completing the training, the initial model can adapt to a new condition with very few samples. Under this approach, with only a few data measured at several frequency points, broadband impedance for MPPT‐controlled converters under any weather conditions can be accurately predicted, avoiding time‐consuming measurements and inaccurate prediction of existing methods. Contrast simulation results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Early planet formation in embedded protostellar disks
Authors: Cridland Alex J. , Rosotti Giovanni P. , Tabone Benoît , Tychoniec Łukasz , McClure Melissa , Nazari Pooneh , van Dishoeck Ewine F.
Published: February 2022

Recent surveys of young star formation regions have shown that the dust mass of the average class II object is not high enough to make up the cores of giant planets. Younger class O/I objects have enough dust in their embedded disk, which raises the question whether the first steps of planet formation occur in these younger systems. The first step is building the first planetesimals, which are generally thought to be the product of the streaming instability. Hence the question can be restated to read whether the physical conditions of embedded disks are conducive to the growth of the streaming instability. The streaming instability requires moderately coupled dust grains and a dust-to-gas mass ratio near unity. We model the collapse of a dusty proto-stellar cloud to show that if there is sufficient drift between the falling gas and dust, regions of the embedded disk can become sufficiently enhanced in dust to drive the streaming instability. We include four models to test a variety of collapse theories: three models with different dust grain sizes, and one model with a different initial cloud angular momentum. We find a sweet spot for planetesimal formation for grain sizes of a few 10s of micron because they fall sufficiently fast relative to the gas to build a high dust-to-gas ratio in the disk midplane, but their radial drift speeds are slow enough in the embedded disk to maintain the high dust-to-gas ratio. Unlike the gas, which is held in hydrostatic equilibrium for a time as a result of gas pressure, the dust can begin to collapse from all radii at a much earlier time. The dust mass flux in class O/I systems can thus be higher than the gas flux. This builds an embedded dusty disk with a global dust-to-gas mass ratio that exceeds the inter-stellar mass ratio by at least an order of magnitude. The streaming instability can produce at least between 7 and 35 M⊕ of planetesimals in the class O/I phase of our smooth embedded disks, depending on the size of the falling dust grains. This mass is sufficient to build the core of the first giant planet in the system, and could be further enhanced by dust traps and/or pebble growth. This first generation of planetesimals could represent the first step in planet formation. It occurs earlier in the lifetime of the young star than is traditionally thought.
Stellar elemental abundances constraining nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution of the universe
Authors: Aoki Wako
Published: February 2022

Measurements of elemental abundances of stars in the Milky Way and surrounding dwarf galaxies in the past few decades have been providing useful constraints on modeling the nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution. Recent large spectroscopic surveys combined with studies on dynamical motions of stars in the Milky Way reveal connections between chemical enrichment and galaxy formation. This paper provides a brief overview of the recent update of the understanding of the distribution of elemental abundances and remaining issues for key elements, mostly focusing on the low metallicity range which should reflect nucleosynthesis by massive stars and early chemical evolution. This covers the abundance ratios of α-elements, iron-peak elements, and neutron-capture elements which have been measured for a large number of metal-poor stars.
r-Process Contributions to Low-Metallicity Stars
Authors: Thielemann Friedrich-K. , Farouqi Khalil , Rosswog Stephan , Kratz Karl-Ludwig
Published: February 2022

Various nucleosynthesis studies have pointed out that the rapid neutron capture r-process elements in very metal-poor (VMP) halo stars might have different origins. It has been known that an r-process can either be obtained in neutron-rich low Ye conditions or in high entropy environments [see e.g. 1–5], an overview over many investigations has appeared recently [6]. In the present article we analyze with statistical methods the observational abundance patterns from trans-Fe elements up to the actinides and come to the conclusion that four to ﬁve categories of astrophysical events must have contributed. These include the ejection of Fe and trans-Fe elements Sr, Y, Zr (continuing possibly beyond to slightly higher mass numbers) in category 0 events (hereafter "C0"), Fe and weak r-process contributions (including Eu in moderate to slightly larger but varying amounts) in CI and CII events, strong r-process abundance patterns with no or negligible (in comparison to solar) Fe production in CIIIa and CIIIb events, where category CIIIb shows a tendency for an actinide boost behavior. When comparing these categories with presently existing nucleosynthesis predictions, we suggest to identify them (despite remaining uncertainties) with regular core-collapse supernovae, quark deconﬁnement supernovae, magneto-rotational supernovae, neutron star mergers, and outﬂows from black hole accretion tori.
Investigation of the 7Li(p,n) neutron ﬁelds at high energies
Authors: Brückner Benjamin , Erbacher Philipp , Göbel Kathrin , Heftrich Tanja , Khasawneh Kafa , Kurtulgil Deniz , Langer Christoph , Nolte Ralf , Reich Markus , Reifarth René , Thomas Benedikt , Weigand Mario , Wiescher Michael , Volknandt Meiko
Published: February 2022

The neutron activation method is well-suited to investigate neutron-capture cross sections relevant for the main s-process component. Neutrons can be produced via the 7Li(p,n) reaction with proton energies of 1912 keV at e.g. Van de Graaff accelerators, which results in a quasi-Maxwellian spectrum of neutrons corresponding to a temperature of kBT = 25 keV. However, the weak s-process takes place in massive stars at temperatures between 25 and 90 keV. Simulations using the PINO code [2] suggest that a Maxwellian spectrum for higher energies, e.g. kBT = 90 keV, can be approximated by a linear combination of different neutron spectra. To validate the PINO code at proton energies Ep ≠ 1912 keV, neutron time-of-ﬂight measurements were carried out at the PTB Ion Accelerator Facility (PIAF) at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Braunschweig, Germany.
The structure of 0+ states in 16O using real-time evolution method
Authors: Motoki Hideaki , Kimura Masaaki
Published: February 2022

α + 12C clustering in 16O has been vigorously studied. In the 2000s, a new picture was proposed that the Hoyle state, $^{12}{\rm{C(0}}_2^ + {\rm{)}}$, is a Bose-Einstein condensate of three α particles by the so-called THSR framework. As a next step, many researchers are interested in 4α condensate state in 16O. In this work, a microscopic calculation named the real-time evolution method (REM) was first applied to a 4α system. As a result, the 0+ states in 16O up to 4α condensate state were expected to be reproduced simultaneously for the first time.
Radiative proton–capture reactions with 112,114Cd at astrophysically important energies
Authors: Vasileiou Polytimos , Mertzimekis Theo J. , Chalil Achment , Fakiola Christina , Karakasis Ioannis , Kotsovolou Anastasia , Pelonis Stefanos , Zyriliou Aikaterini
Published: February 2022

The reaction network in the neutron-deficient part of the nuclear chart around A ≈ 100 contains several nuclei of importance to astrophysical processes, such as the p–process. This work reports on the results from recent experimental studies of the radiative proton–capture reactions 112,114Cd(p, γ)113,115 In. Experimental cross sections for the reactions have been measured for proton beam energies residing inside the respective Gamow windows for each reaction, using isotopically enriched 112Cd and 114Cd targets. Two different techniques, the in–beam γ–ray spectroscopy and the activation method have been implemented, where the latter is considered mandatory to account for the presence of low–lying isomers in 113In (E ≈ 392 keV, t1/2 ≈ 100 min), and 115In (E ≈ 336 keV, t1/2 ≈ 4.5 h). Following the measurement of the cross sections, the astrophysical S factors have been subsequently
Red Dwarfs as Sources of Cosmic Rays
Authors: Sinitsyna Vera Yu. , Sinitsyna Vera G. , Stozhkov Yurii I.
Published: February 2022

The Pamela, Fermi, AMS-02 spectrometer experimental data cannot be explained using the diffusive models of propagation of cosmic-rays accelerated at the supernova shocks and require the existence of nearby sources of cosmic rays at the distances less than one kpc. These sources could explain the growth of the ratio of galactic positrons to electrons with an energy increase, the complex dependence of the exponent of the proton and alpha spectra on the energy, the cosmic ray anomaly component origin. We consider active dwarf stars as possible sources of galactic cosmic rays in the energy range up to ~ 1014 eV. The generation of high-energy cosmic rays should be accompanied by high-energy gamma-ray emission, which may be detected. The TeV gamma-ray emission mostly of flaring type from active red dwarf stars V388 Cas, V547 Cas, V780 Tau, V962 Tau, V1589 Cyg, GJ 3684, GJ 1078 and GL 851.1 was detected recently with SHALON long-term observations. This result confirms that active dwarf stars are also the sources of high-energy galactic cosmic rays.
Measuring the 15O(α,γ)19Ne Reaction in Type I X-ray Bursts using the GADGET II TPC: Software
Authors: Mahajan Ruchi , Adams A. , Allmond J. , Alvarez Pol H. , Argo E. , Ayyad Y. , Bardayan D. , Bazin D. , Budner T. , Chen A. , Chipps K. , Davids B. , Dopfer J. , Friedman M. , Fynbo H. , Grzywacz R. , Jose J. , Liang J. , Pain S. , Perez-Loureiro D. , Pollacco E. , Psaltis A. , Ravishankar S. , Rogers A. , Schaedig L. , Sun L. J. , Surbrook J. , Wheeler T. , Weghorn L. , Wrede C.
Published: February 2022

15O(α,γ)19Ne is regarded as one of the most important thermonuclear reactions in type I X-ray bursts. For studying the properties of the key resonance in this reaction using β decay, the existing Proton Detector component of the Gaseous Detector with Germanium Tagging (GADGET) assembly is being upgraded to operate as a time projection chamber (TPC) at FRIB. This upgrade includes the associated hardware as well as software and this paper mainly focusses on the software upgrade. The full detector set up is simulated using the ATTPCROOTv 2 data analysis framework for 20Mg and 241Am.
A moderately-sized nuclear network to assist multi-D hydrodynamic simulations of supernova explosions
Authors: Sanz Axel , Cabezón Rubén , García-Senz Domingo
Published: February 2022

A key ingredient in any numerical study of supernova explosions is the nuclear network routine that is coupled with the hydrodynamic simulation code. When these studies are performed in more than one dimension, the size of the network is severely limited by computational issues. In this work, we propose a nuclear network (net87) which is close to one hundred nuclei and could be appropriate to simulate supernova explosions in multidimensional studies. One relevant feature is that electron and positron captures on free protons and neutrons have been incorporated to the network. Such addition allows for a better track of both, the neutronized species and the gas pressure. A second important feature is that the reactions are implicitly coupled with the temperature, which enhances the stability in the nuclear statistical equilibrium (NSE) regime. Here we analyze the performance of net87 in light of both: the computational overhead of the algorithm and the outcome in terms of the released nuclear energy and produced yields in typical Type Ia Supernova conditions.
Impact of the decay width in Breit-Wigner formula on Maxwellian-averaged cross section for neutron capture on 16O
Authors: Xu Si-Zhe , Zhang Shi-Sheng
Published: February 2022

Neutron capture on 16O may serve as a crucial neutron poison reaction in weak s-process occurred in massive stars. In our previous study [Zhang, S. S., Xu, S. Z., He, M. et al. Eur. Phys. J. A 57, 114 (2021)], we found that the contribution from low-lying resonances to Maxwellian-averaged cross section (MACS) progressively increases as the energy goes beyond 70 keV. In Breit-Wigner formula for resonant cross section, the decay width is a decisive quantity. In this paper, we discuss the impact of three kinds of decay widths, i.e. a constant width and two energy-dependent widths, on reaction cross sections and MACSs. The penetration factor adopts semi-classical WKB approximation and the asymptotic solution, respectively. We clarify that energy-dependent width are necessary for a reasonable behavior of resonance cross section around resonance peak and low-energy region far from the peak. The difference of two energy-dependent widths decreases from 3.7 to 1.5 with the energy increasing from 0.01 keV to 1000 keV. It results in similar behavior of resonance cross sections, but a slight difference by 1% for MACSs when E > 50 keV.
Gamma-ray emission from supermassive black hole binary OJ 287
Authors: Sinitsyna Vera Yu. , Sinitsyna Vera G.
Published: February 2022

OJ 287 is one of the most studied BL Lacs with very long optical measurements which spectrum has been well measured through radio to X-rays. OJ 287 is supposed to be a binary black hole system. Its secondary black hole passes the accretion disk of the primary black hole and produces two impact flashes per 12-year period. Observations of OJ 287 in the GeV – TeV energy range reveal the variable γ-ray flux connected with the flare activity of this object. The spectral energy distributions of BL Lac objects consist of two broad peaks. The Inverse Compton emission of the relativistic electrons in the jet or combined with an external Compton mechanism are considered in the leptonic scenario of second, higher frequency spectrum part generation. The last one supposes the existence of the external to jet photon cloud. Also, the second spectrum part is supposed to be generated due to the acceleration of the cosmic ray hadrons in expanding shock produced by outflow, which then collides with the wind of the primary black hole. The detection of GeV – TeV energy fluxes can help find the configuration parameters of the two-black hole system.
Unresolved nature source TeV J2032+4130
Authors: Sinitsyna V. G. , Balygin K. A. , Borisov S. S. , Klimov A. I. , Mirzafatikhov R. M. , Moseiko N. I. , Ostashev I. E. , Sinitsyna V. Y.
Published: February 2022

Cygnus Region contains many objects that are bright in all wavelengths, including one of the most powerful active star formation regions: Cyg OB2, pulsars, and supernova remnants. Some of the sources have been detected at high and very high energies. One of them was discovered due to the proximity to well-known microquasar Cyg X-3 is object TeV J2032+4130. This object is still of unresolved nature and is being intensively studied in the different energy ranges. The numerous X-ray point sources and diffuse X-ray emission regions were found within the TeV J2032+4130 region by Chandra and Suzaku. Intensities detected in X-rays from these regions may favor a scenario with the dominantly nucleonic, not electronic origin of TeV emission. The results of the twenty-year observation of TeV J2032+4130 object by the SHALON experiment are presented. The collected experimental data on fluxes, spectrum shape, and morphology of TeV J2032+413 can help determine an object type and shed light on the source nature.
Analysis of Encryption Algorithms Proposed for Data Security in 4G and 5G Generations
Authors: Jasim Khalid Fadhil , Ghafoor Kayhan Zrar , Maghdid Halgurd S.
Published: February 2022

This paper intended to investigate and analyze encryption algorithms that can be proposed to perform data security in 4G and 5G networks. The research explores different standards, services, and features presented via 4G and 5G networks. Also, the basic components of encryption algorithms (e.g., ZUC, SNOW 3G, and AES) are investigated. For instance, initialization keys have been identified and analyzed due to their vital roles in determining the security of the encryption algorithms. Moreover, the researchers analyzed the effective elements of these algorithms (i.e., LFSR registers, substitution boxes, NLF functions like finite state machines, Math transformations, secret encryption keys, and non-secret IV keys). Cryptanalysis methods play important roles in determining the security of these algorithms. Thus, some cryptanalysis methods have been explored and investigated. Various weak points have been identified in initialization process of these algorithms. Therefore, different recommendations are presented that enhance the security of these ciphers, and can be reflected in data security in 4G and 5G networks.
A New Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Controller to Control the Power System equipped by Wind Turbine
Authors: Griche Issam , Messalti Sabir , Saoudi Kamel , Touafek M.Yaakoub
Published: February 2022

This study proposes a new Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller to control the power system tuned by a wind turbine. The purpose of design is to improve the dynamical response of power systems after fault which the voltage controller has been improved. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is studied under different situations of three machines 9 bus power systems which the wind turbine is replaced by wind turbine equipped by ANFIS controller. The simulation results confirm that the tuning method is able to preserve optimal performances over wide range of disturbances. The results have demonstrated the high performances of the proposed technique in terms of low oscillation, ripple, rapidity and accuracy.
Multi-line lasing in the broadly tunable ammonia quantum cascade laser pumped molecular laser
Authors: Chevalier Paul , Amirzhan Arman , Rowlette Jeremy , Stinson H. Ted , Pushkarsky Michael , Day Timothy , Capasso Federico , Everitt Henry O.
Published: February 2022

Gaseous ammonia has previously been demonstrated as a compelling gain medium for a quantum cascade laser pumped molecular laser (QPML) exhibiting good power efficiency. Here, we explore the potential of the ammonia QPML to produce powerful, broadly tunable terahertz frequency lasing on rotational and pure inversion transitions. After theoretically predicting possible laser frequencies, pump thresholds, and efficiencies, we experimentally demonstrate unprecedented tunability—from 0.763 to 4.459 THz—by pumping Q- and R-branch infrared transitions with widely tunable quantum cascade lasers. We additionally demonstrate two types of multi-line lasing: simultaneous pure inversion and rotation–inversion transitions from the same pumped rotational state and cascaded lasing involving transitions below the pumped rotational state. We report single frequency power levels as great as 0.45 mW from a low volume laser cavity.