bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Biotechnological Studies on Xylanase and β‐xylosidase Enzymes Produced by Trichoderma viride Under Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Farrag Ayman A. , EL-Haw Mohammed H. , Al-Bokhomy Ahmad A.K
Published: February 2021

The current study concerns with enhancement of xylanase and β-xylosidase activities from lignocellulosic materials by soil derived fungi Trichoderma viride under solid state fermentation (SSF). Xylanase and β-xylosidase activities were found to affected by variety of factors. In this study, some agricultural wastes were selected and used as sources for carbon. Sugar beet pulp (SBP) was at the forefront of these types. Also, various sources for nitrogen were selected to determine the best one. Yeast extract was the best organic source. Maximum xylanase activity took place by using inoculum size 1.8 × 105 spores / ml at 30°C when the pH was 5.5 for eight days of incubation with the addition of 0.1 % of Tween 40. Moreover, spores of Trichoderma viride were irradiated with gamma–rays. The maximum activity was observed upon using 0.7 kilo-gray (kGy). Furthermore, mixed cultures of Trichoderma viride and Penicillium janthenellum (wt / wt) were enhanced xylanase degrading capability. From another standpoint, ammonium sulphate and gel filtration chromatography were the best methods for xylanase purification. Characterizations of the purified enzyme were also selected and studied. It was found that, β-xylosidase enzyme exhibited its maximum activity and stability when the pH was 6 at 40°C by the addition of CaCl2 metal ion. On the other hand, total protein contents and volatile constituents of Trichoderma viride and Penicillium janthenellum were separated and investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. It was found that, total protein contents for Trichoderma viride and Penicillium janthenellum were represented by fifteen and sixteen amino acids respectively. Also,29 compounds of the total volatile compounds for both Trichoderma viride and Penicillium janthenellum were identified. On the practical and applied field, crude enzyme was a good analyzer for agricultural residues as well showed antifungal and antibacterial effects.
THE INCULTURATION OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERCULTURAL AND INTERRELIGIOUS DIALOGUES OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Authors:   Nikolai V. Chirkov, Chirkov Nikolai V.
Published: February 2021

In the missionary work of the Roman Catholic Church among non-Christian peoples and cultures, the Church resorts to the use of strategies for the inculturation of Christianity, based on the establishment and development of intercultural and interreligious dialogues. Based on the analysis of the official documents of the Roman Catholic Church (declaration of the Second Vatican Council, social doctrine of the Catholic Church, encyclicals and apostolic exhortations of the pontiffs), the author attempts to reveal the problems of the inculturation of Christianity rising in the context of intercultural and interreligious dialogues and making impact on the missionary work of the Catholic Church. Thanks to the reforms and subsequent decisions of the Second Vatican Council, the aspects, goals, tasks, and instructions for the dialogue of Christianity with non-Christian religions were formulated and set out. In future, the topic of intercultural and interreligious dialogues was developed and expressed in the social doctrine of the Catholic Church, as well as in the encyclicals and apostolic exhortations of the Roman Catholic pontiffs. According to the Roman Catholic Church position, interreligious and intercultural dialogues are aimed at mutual enrichment of various spiritual cultures, and their development should prepare the ground for further evangelization.
BINI THE PROPHET AND RELIGIOUS FEVER AMONG THE CARRIER INDIANS IN 1834 - THE 1840S
Authors:   Nikita S. Shishelov, Shishelov Nikita S.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the phenomenon of religious fever among the indigenous people of central British Columbia in the second quarter of the 19th century. In a short time, the traditional belief system of the Carrier Indians adopted some of the Christian doctrines and symbolism. This took place in the period before the first missionaries came to the region. Paradoxically, at the initial stage, the enculturation of Christianity started without participation of Christians themselves. The transformation of the Indians’ religious views wasn’t accompanied by European cultural expansion. In the late 1860s, when the missionaries started their active agency, the Indians were ready to accept the new religion without resistance. This article is based on the analysis of folk tales, historical dates and researches devoted to this subject. The channels of cultural diffusion and the integration of elements of Christianity into traditional beliefs are revealed. The psychological reasons of acceptance of the new religion by the Indians are also in the focus of attention. The author determines the date of the beginning of the Prophet's movement among the Carrier. The key source of this dating was John McLean's journal, which has not previously been used in researches of the subjects. The author proposes accounting this cultural phenomenon as a spontaneous movement, not a cult of a religious leader.
POLITICAL BURKHANISM. BRIEF HISTORY AND CURRENT SITUATION
Authors:   Maxim S. Mikhalev  Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikhalev Maxim S.
Published: February 2021

Burkhanism, or White Faith, has significant number of followers in the Altai, a historical and cultural region in Russia, where Orthodox Christianity, Islam and Shamanism are also widely established. Originally a millenary movement, Burkhanism was born here in the beginning of the 20th century and soon grew in prominence as the political crisis in the Russian Empire was unfolding. As Bolshevik tightened the grip and imposed their ideology, however, the White Faith, that had been already seriously politicized by the October Revolution, eventually lost its ground and fell into oblivion. In the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union, however, local Altai intelligentsia revived it in its efforts to have their national identity rediscovered. Unfortunately, the new leaders of White Faith seemed to seek political gains for themselves only. This has triggered an internal crisis within Burkhanism clergy and eventually put «folk religion» of Altai people to the brink of demise. Based on written sources on classical Burkhanism and interviews with its modern interpreters the given paper analyzes this modern crisis of White Faith and suggests that immature folk religions shall not allow themselves to be politicized, at least before they are strong enough organizationally and ideologically to participate in the political processes as equals.
GAME OCCULTURE: WESTERN ESOTERICISM AND ADVENTURE COMPUTER GAMES
Authors:   Pavel G. Nosachev  Higher School of Economics, Nosachev Pavel G.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the possible perspectives of interdisciplinary research, standing on the border of the study of culture and religion. The author proposes to illustrate the specificity of such interdisciplinary character on the example of manifestation of Western esotericism in adventure computer games of the 90s. In the first part of the article main occulture myths are identified with the help of methodological frame of the part is C. Partridge’s theory of occulture. The author comes to the conclusion that the occulture makes the plot of games commercially successful. In the second part of the article the author refers to the theory of circulation of cultural product, developed by the Birmingham school of culture studies, in order to understand how from a research point of view, it is possible to use the knowledge of the deep occult influence on the industry of adventure games. The article discusses in detail the three phases of circulation: production, consumption and identity. The author concludes that occult plots and elements of computer games are secondary in relation to movies and literature, but this secondary character also provides them with the commercial success determined by recognition and justification of expectations of players.
"DIONYSIAN RELIGION" OF VYACHESLAV IVANOV AS A SUBJECT OF THE STUDY OF RELIGION: SETTING OF THE PROBLEM
Authors:   Natalia A. Vaganova  St. Tikhon's Orthodox University, Vaganova Natalia A.
Published: February 2021

This article presents an attempt to reconstruct the so-called “Dionysian religion” of Vyacheslav Ivanov. Some original pre-religia, which was designated by Ivanov as a primitive “female monotheism” or telimonotheism, in its cult aspect, represents “female orgiasm” or the worship of an “invariably-residing female deity”. In the process of its historical evolution, it requires a “male correlate in the face of a periodically born and dying God” - and eventually finds it in the person of Dionysus, i.e., in the building up the Dionysian religion, which in its essence is still determined by the archetypal feminine principle. It is important that Ivanov's work is built on extremely extensive factual material, including a vast arsenal of documentary evidence and interpretive principles. At the same time, his innovation consisted in the rejection of positivistic methods and in the search for a way of more adequate penetration into the ancient religious consciousness. At the end of the proposed excursion it is noted that the Dionysian theory of Ivanov, already sufficiently well studied by philosophers and philologists, has not yet been awarded by the attention of religious scholars and historians of religion, and the more so theologians...
ISLAND AMONG THE MOUNTAINS: KūKAI ON FUDARAKU PEAK IN JAPAN
Authors:   NADEZHDA N. TRUBNIKOVA  Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Trubnikova Nadezhda N.
Published: February 2021

The article precedes the translation of the Stone Inscription (Jp. Shamon Shōdō reki sansui ei genju hi ), No 11 of the Shōryōshū - a collection of works by Kūkai (774-835) written in Chinese and reflecting various aspects of Buddhism in Japan in the early 9th century. The verses in the Inscription contain the glorification of the sacred mountain; in the prosaic preface Kūkai describes how the monk-ascetic Shōdō wandered in the mountains in the eastern provinces of Japan and found there the sacred Potalaka (Jp. Fudaraku) - the mountain-island, the abode of Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara (Jp. Kannon). Climbing the mountain is conceived here as a path of Buddhist asceticism, but it can not be fulfilled without the help of local kami deities. Passing this way together with his hero and the reader, Kūkai brings together the Taoist, Confucian and Buddhist approaches to understanding the mountains as a special landscape where a person can strengthen his capacies to be turned to benefit people...
IMAGES OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AS AN EXPLICIT PROJECT
Authors:   EVGENIY I. ARININ  Vladimir State University, Arinin Evgeniy I. , Vorontsova Elena V. ,   Elena V. Vorontsova  Lomonosov Moscow State University, Markova Natalya M. ,   Natalya M. Markova Vladimir State University
Published: February 2021

The term “religious education” is explicitly presented in 27 texts in Russian (the National Corpus of the Russian language). It enters the Russian literature in the second half of the 19th century, being understood as “the true anchor of salvation in the days of everyday storms and spiritual anxieties” (Ushinsky, 1858). One can speak of a kind of “Ushinsky Project”, presented in three of its articles. This project was presented as a response to three challenges of the era related to the prohibition of teaching philosophy in universities (1850) and overcoming the “scholasticism” of the school “Law of God”, which could not be resolved in the 19th-20th centuries. In the USSR, the term “religious education” implicitly entered the criminal sphere of social existence, marking the criminal “habituation to opium of the people”. Only science and pedagogical practice of the 21st century allowed finding the optimal forms of combining “knowledge of pedagogical experts”, “traditions of peoples” and “faith of confessional experts”...
"RELIGION", "RELIGIOSITY", "TRANSCENDENCE", AND "SPIRITUALITY": BASIC TERMS IN GERMAN DISCUSSIONS
Authors:   Georgy Orekhanov  St Tikhon’s Orthodox University, Orekhanov Georgy , Kolkunova Ksenia A. ,   Ksenia A. Kolkunova  St Tikhon’s Orthodox University
Published: February 2021

The paper addresses major terms and theories within contemporary German studies of spirituality, that are related and largely based on the ideas of Ernst Troeltsch, Thomas Luckmann and Detlef Pollack. The authors discuss basic definitions and spirituality research results based on German sample. They aim at showing particular features of German research as well as putting it in the context of various sociological approaches to spirituality.The authors conclude that within spirituality there is a tendency to use one’s own transcendence experience as the source and moral criteria for one’s personal religion. That is why in the sociological perspective spirituality is often differed from churchliness and emancipated from the inﬂuence of historical churches.This, according to the authors, leads to the attractiveness of the concept of “spirituality” for the modern Western man: on the one hand, it refers to a transcendent reality, on the other, it does not appeal to ecclesiastic religiosity.
PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS VIEWS OF FLORENSKY AND THE IDEA OF ACTUAL INFINITY
Authors:   Dmitry N. Radul Lomonosov Moscow State University, Radul Dmitry N.
Published: February 2021

The article briefly observes the history of the idea of the actual infinity in European culture until the beginning of the 20th century. Special attention is paid to the role of Cantor set theory in reviving interest in the idea of actual infinity in Western Europe and Russia. The influence of the Cantor’s philosophy of religion on the Western European theology of the late 19th century - early 20th century is given. The influence of Cantor’s ideas on the formation of Florensky’s views is described. A detailed analysis of the application of the idea of actual infinity in the book “The Pillar and the Statement of Truth” is given. Florensky describes the understanding of the connection of Kant’s antinomical of reason and the idea of a potential infinity. The potential infinity is considered by Florensky as a source of imperfection and sinfulness. Special attention is paid to the understanding of truth as actual infinity. The introduction of the actual infinity allows Florensky to remove the one-sidedness of the law of identity and the law of sufficient basis in the Supreme unity...
CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE MYTHMAKING OF H.P. LOVECRAFT
Authors:   Denis D. Pyzikov  Saint Petersburg State University, Pyzikov Denis D.
Published: February 2021

H.P. Lovecraft created an original mythology that has not only become science fiction and fantasy classics, but also determined horror genre development in general. In his literary works, Lovecraft used images derived from both ancient religious traditions and contemporary western esotericism, filling his imaginary worlds with mysterious cosmic creatures. The writer’s cultural and historic environment played a very important role as the cultural landscape of New England and theosophical concepts widespread at that time had a great impact on the author’s work and writing. The original “mythology” invented by Lovecraft later played a key role in development of some new religious movements. Besides, Lovecraft’s mythology and images are reflected in the modern popular culture. The paper analyzes Lovecraft’s works and religious motives that are used or reflected in them, cultural factors that influenced the writer and Lovecraft’s heritage place in occult concepts, practices and subcultures of today.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE ATTEMPT TO CREATE AN OLD BELIEVER METROPOLIS IN MOSCOW IN 1955
Authors:   Svetlana A. Inikova  Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS, Inikova Svetlana A.
Published: February 2021

The article considers one of the important episodes of the history of Old Believers of the Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy: the attempt to create in the USSR in 1955 the Moscow metropolis. The work is based on archival documents of the Council for religious affairs under the Council of Ministers, the correspondence of the Archbishop of Moscow and Metropolitan Belokrinitskiy, materials prepared for the enthronement of the Moscow Archbishop , as well as published documentary materials. The question about creation of the Moscow metropolis instead of the Archbishopric was raised by Russian old believers repeatedly from 1861. At 1948 this question was brought up to discussion by Metropolitan Tikhon Belokrinitskiy (Romania), but because of personal hostility to him by Moscow Archbishops Irinarkh and then Theophylact and their ambitions discussion and a decision had been delaying. The Soviet state tried to attract and use religious organizations during the Great Patriotic war and immediately after its end, but to 1955 the state have largely lost interest in cooperation and gradually changed its policy...
Problematic on the use of synthetic pesticides against insect pests of tomato, (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Foumbot, Western Region of Cameroon
Authors:   Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Crop Protection, UR_PHYZA (Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology), University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222 Dschang, Cameroon, Joly Dzokou Victor , Wenceslas Yana ,   Laboratory of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon, Chotangui Asafor Henry ,   Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Crop Protection, UR_PHYZA (Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology), University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222 Dschang, Cameroon, Nathanaël Mouyiche Mbouemboue Ange ,   Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Crop Protection, UR_PHYZA (Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology), University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222 Dschang, Cameroon, Lebel Tamesse Joseph ,   Laboratory of Zoology, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47 Yaounde, Cameroon
Published: February 2021

An inventory of pest insect of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was carried out in 2018 in five localities of Foumbot production area to find out the effects of using synthetic insecticides on the worrying insects. The quantity applied and frequency of application was equally assessed and compared to those prescribed by the producers. Caiman B, Cypercal, Parastar, Cybemex and Plusfort are used. The insects were captured weekly during March and February during fruits formation and when they are getting ripe. The results showed that the doses and the frequencies of applications are different from a producer to the other. A total of 6485 insect pests belonging to the order Diptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera were captured. The greatest number of insect pests was captured in the locality of Mangoum 1 (19.75%). Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was the most abundant species (62.94%). The damages bring a setback in quantity and quality of the harvest, fruits are not good any more for consumption. The usage of these pesticides without respecting the norms has not reduced the population of the insect pests of tomato at Foumbot, showing that the insects became resistant. We suggest a strict respect of the doses and frequencies and the use of bio-pesticides and essential oils, respectful of the environment.
Vaccines and Allergic reactions: the past, the current COVID-19 pandemic, and future perspectives
Authors: Sampath Vanitha , Rabinowitz Grace , Shah Mihir , Jain Surabhi , Diamant Zuzana , Jesenak Milos , Rabin Ronald , Vieths Stefan , Agache Ioana , Hernández Domingo Barber , Chinthrajah Sharon , Chivato T. , Collins William , Eiwegger Thomas , Fast Katie , Fokkens Wytske , O'Hehir Robyn , Ollert Markus , O'Mahony Liam , Palomares Oscar , Pfaar Oliver , RIGGIONI CARMEN , Shamji Mohamed , Sokolowska Milena , Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia , Wang De Yun , Zelm Menno van , Zhang Luo , Akdis Cezmi , Nadeau Kari , Torres María José
Published: February 2021

Vaccines are essential public health tools with a favorable safety
profile and prophylactic effectiveness that have historically played
significant roles in reducing infectious disease burden in populations,
when the majority of individuals are vaccinated. The COVID-19 vaccines
are expected to have similar positive impacts on health across the
globe. While serious allergic reactions to vaccines are rare, their
underlying mechanisms and implications for clinical management should be
considered to provide individuals with the safest care possible. In this
review, we provide an overview of different types of allergic adverse
reactions that can potentially occur after vaccination and individual
vaccine components capable of causing the allergic adverse reactions. We
present the incidence of allergic adverse reactions during clinical
studies and through post-authorization and post-marketing surveillance
and provide plausible causes of these reactions based on potential
allergenic components present in several common vaccines. Additionally,
we review implications for individual diagnosis and management and
vaccine manufacturing overall. Finally, we suggest areas for future
research.
Continuous review inventory model with lost sale reduction and ordering cost dependent on lead time for the mixtures of distributions
Authors: Soni Hardik , Shah Kunal
Published: February 2021

We consider a continuous review inventory system for inventory model involving lost sales reduction through capital investment cost function and the reduction of lead time further which reduces the ordering cost. To reduce the lost sales rate, two forms of capital investment cost function, viz. logarithmic and power are employed. Two relationships between ordering cost and lead time, viz. linear and logarithmic are considered. We develop four inventory models by taking different combinations of capital investment cost function and ordering cost lead time relationship. Objective of the study is to reduce the total related cost by simultaneously optimizing the order quantity, safety factor, fraction of the shortages during the stock-out period that will be lost and length of lead time. The lead time demand is assumed to follow a mixture of normal distributions. The optimal solution is derived by developing computer programs using the software MATLAB. We also provide four numerical examples to illustrate the models.
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Persea americana M.) Sebagai Inhibitor Pada Baja Tahan Karat SS-304 Dalam Medium Korosif HCl 1M
Authors:   Lampung University, Sari Windy Mustika , Syafriadi Syafriadi ,   Lampung University, Suka Ediman Ginting ,   Lampung University
Published: February 2021

Avocado leaves extract (Persea americana M.) is used as an inhibitor to the sample of SS-304 Stainless steel which cures in HCl 1M Corrosive Medium for 168 hours, the inhibitor concentration variation added 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% respectively. The rate sample is measured by using lose-weight method. The results show the lowest samples is 0,37 mm/y of 6% and the highest 10,75 mm/y of 0%. Inhibitor efficiency to the sample SS-304 Stainless steel potrays the effectively progress to 96,55% with 6% concentration. X-Ray Diffaraction Results accquired BCC and FCC with Fe-a dan Fe-g phase along with SEM that forms agglomeration, cracked, and hole which result on its corrosion. In addition EDS contains Oxygen (O) and Chlorine (Cl) Element which indicate that stainless still has affected by corrotion. Thus from three samples which characterized and measured show that avocado leaves effectively as an inhibitor to the sample SS-304 stainless steel in HCl 1M corrosive medium
Pengaruh Suhu Sintering Terhadap Pembentukan Fase Superkonduktor BSCCO-2223 dengan Kadar Ca = 2,10 Menggunakan Metode Pencampuran Basah
Authors:   Lampung University, Dewi Komala , Suprihatin Suprihatin ,   Lampung University, Syafriad Syafriad ,   Lampung University
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effect of sintering temperature on the formation of BSCCO-2223 superconductor phase with levels of Ca = 2,10 using the wet mixing method. The materials used were Bi2O3, SrCO3, CaCO3, CuO, HNO3 and aquades. Synthesis is carried out by dissolving the materials using HNO3 and aquades slowly then the solution is dried for 40 hours at a temperature of 300, 400 and 600 °C gradually. The samples were calcined at 800 ° C for 10 hours and each was sintered with temperature variations of 850, 855, 860 and 865 °C for 20 hours. The XRD result shows that the sintering temperature has an effect on the formation of BSCCO-2223 superconductor phase, with volume fraction value which tends to increase with increasing sintering temperature. The highest volume fraction was obtained in the BSCCO-2223 sample with sintering temperature of 865 °C which is 79,49%. SEM result shows that all samples have arranged layers (oriented) with relatively small empty space between the plaques (void). The highest orientation degree is in the BSCCO-2223 sample with sintering temperature of 860 °C which is 23,77%.
Desain Inti Reaktor SCWR (Supercritical Water Reactor) Model Teras Silinder (r, z) dengan Bahan Bakar Thorium Hasil Daur Ulang
Authors:   Lampung University, Setiyaningsih Setiyaningsih , Yulianti Yanti ,   Lampung University, Sembiring Simon ,   Lampung University
Published: February 2021

The Research of the supercritical water reactor (SCWR) core design of the cylindrical core model (r, z) using the SRAC program has been done. The SRAC basic code was PIJ and CITATION. PIJ was used to calculate the fuel level and CITATION was used to calculate the reactor core level. The calculation of the reactor core has been done on the 1/4 cylinder core (r, z) and the geometry of the fuel cell was the cylindrical cell. Reactor fuel material was thorium burned 40 GWd/t and 30 GWd/t. The neutron parameters in this research were fuel enrichment, burn up, reactor core size, reactor core configurations, multiplication factor, and power density distribution. Multiplication factor (k-effective) in this research was 1.000004, which is reactor was in a critical condition. The reactor core in critical condition had the size of radius (r) was 130 cm, height (z) was 270 cm and fuel enrichment 2.8262%. The maximum power density was 130.0808 Watts /cm3 which was located at a radius of 25 cm and 135 cm high. The peak power factor in the radial direction was 1.6063 and the peak power factor in the axial direction was 1.3189.
Rancang Bangun Mobile Infant Warmer dengan Menggunakan Pemanas DC
Authors:   Akademi Teknik Elektro Medik Semarang, Wahyudi Bayu , Miftahudin Mohamad ,   Akademi Teknik Elektro Medik Semarang, Firdaus Iqbal ,   Lampung University
Published: February 2021

Infant warmer is one of the tools used to provide comfort and warmth to newborns, where the baby needs a temperature that is in accordance with the temperature in the mother's womb, which is between 34ºC - 37ºC. This tool is made so that a newborn baby can feel the temperature outside the mother's womb will be the same as the temperature that is in the mother's womb. Until now, infant warmer still has to be connected to the PLN nets to activate it. This study aims to create and design infant warmers with DC pemanass equipped with batteries so that when the electricity dies by the PLN this tool can still be used. Data analysis results for power supply output, 12V pemanas input measurement is 11.9V with 0.8% error and 11.8V with 1.6% error, still within the tolerance limit of 5%. The measurement results of temperature comparison between DS18B20 sensor and thermometer, have an average difference of 0.3ºC or 1% error, so that it is still within reasonable limits. This tool has a maximum electric power of 36 Watt which saves power usage around 80%. Compared to a real device where the power needed is around 200 Watts to 300 Watt.
D5.3 Report on theoretical work to allow the use of MLMC with adaptive mesh refinement
Authors: Ayoul-Guilmard Q. , Ganesh S. , Nuñez M. , Tosi R. , Nobile F. , Rossi R. , Soriano C.
Published: February 2021

This documents describes several studies undertaken to assess the applicability of MultiLevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) methods to problems of interest; namely in turbulent fluid flow over civil engineering structures. Several numerical experiments are presented wherein the convergence of quantities of interest with mesh parameters are studied at different Reynolds’ numbers and geometries. It was found that MLMC methods could be used successfully for low Reynolds’ number flows when combined with appropriate Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) strategies. However, the hypotheses for optimal MLMC performance were found to not be satisfied at higher turbulent Reynolds’ numbers despite the use of AMR strategies. Recommendations are made for future research directions based on these studies. A tentative outline for an MLMC algorithm with adapted meshes is made, as well as recommendations for alternatives to MLMC methods for cases where the underlying assumptions for optimal MLMC performance are not satisfied.
D6.4 Report on stochastic optimisation for unsteady problems
Authors: Ayoul-Guilmard Q. , Nobile F. , Ganesh S. , Nuñez M. , Kodakkal A. , Rossi R. , Soriano C.
Published: February 2021

This report brings together methodological research on stochastic optimisation and work on benchmark and target applications of the ExaQute project, with a focus on unsteady problems. A practical, general method for the optimisation of the conditional value at risk is proposed. Three different optimisation problems are described: an oscillator problem selected as a suitable trial and illustration case; the shape optimisation of an airfoil, chosen as a benchmark application in the project; the shape optimisation of a tall building, which is the challenging target application set for ExaQUte. For each problem, the current developments and results are presented, the application of the proposed method is discussed, and the work to be done until the end of the project is laid out.
D2.3. Adjoint-based error estimation routines
Authors: Keith B. , Apostolatos A. , Kodakkal A. , Rossi R. , Tosi R. , Wohlmuth B. , Soriano C.
Published: February 2021

This document presents a simple and ecient strategy for adaptive mesh renement (AMR) and a posteriori error estimation for the transient incompressible Navier{Stokes equations. This strategy is informed by the work of Prudhomme and Oden [22, 23] as well as modern goal-oriented methods such as [5]. The methods described in this document have been implemented in the Kratos Multiphysics software and uploaded to https://zenodo.org [27].1 This document includes: A review of the state-of-the-art in solution-oriented and goal-oriented AMR. The description of a 2D benchmark model problem of immediate relevance to the objectives of the ExaQUte project. The denition and a brief mathematical summary of the error estimator(s). The results obtained. A description of the API.
Prospects for construction of innovative warehouses of self-storage type in St. Petersburg
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Barashev M. N. , Dvornikova M. I. ,   ZAO «Promstroyinform», Rogozhina T. S. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The article considers the prospects of building individual warehouses of self-storage type in St. Petersburg as an innovative solution in the field of product diversification of construction industry enterprises. Expanding the product range through construction of warehouses of self-storage type allows not only to minimize the company's marketing risks, but also to increase its competitiveness on the market. Foreign and Russian experience in this respect is described and the potential for developing the segment of constructing self-storage facilities in St. Petersburg is analyzed. The existing companies functioning on the St. Petersburg market are identified, potential consumers are specified, and the main drivers of the industry's growth are determined based on the analysis of the housing commissioning structure in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region.
Criteria for evaluating the quality of building materials used at capital repair of multi-apartment houses
Authors:   «Progress-Neva Group», Desyatko E. N. , Staroverov V. D. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Gerasimenko A. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Mazneva K. Y. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The article considers the possibility of applying the prioritization method to facilitate the choice between materials with equivalent or similar characteristics when carrying out major repairs in apartment buildings. The currently existing problems of the major repairs of MKD in St. Petersburg are analyzed. A scale of criteria for the selection of materials is given and a methodology for the selection of building materials for the overhaul of apartment buildings is proposed.
Seismic analysis method of steel structures connections
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Garipov A. I. , Pyatkin P. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The article presents a technique of calculating steel structures connections taking into consideration the results of seismic analysis of steel structure carried out by linear spectral method. This technique allows reaching the equilibrium of forces and moments applied to the connection, wherein extreme internal forces’ values received correspond to the internal forces’ values obtained according to the currently valid acting construction codes.
Calculation of steel-reinforced concrete beam for instant loading taking into account the non-linearity of the concrete diagram ε-σ
Authors:   «Institut stroitelnykh ekspertyz» LLC, Chepilko S. O.
Published: February 2021

Issues of calculating steel-reinforced concrete beams are considered taking into account a nonlinear concrete diagram based on the Sargin formula. The nonlinear system of equations for determination of curvature and neutral axis, which is solved numerically, is written in explicit form. Explicit expressions for determination of other calculated quantities needed for design of steel-reinforced concrete beams are derived. Numerical examples are given. The analysis of accounting nonlinearity in comparison with the linear calculation is carried out.
Comparing the results of numerical modeling of slope stability in the Plaxis program with analytical calculations using the simplified method
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Konyushkov V. V.
Published: February 2021

The article purposes some ways of simplifying the analytical method for calculating slope stability. The simplified method is based on the well-known classical solution for calculating the stability of slopes with a round-cylindrical slickensided surface. The proposed method does not require significant labor costs in time and allows taking into account various external loads and their combinations on the slope. There have been performed multivariate comparative calculations of slope stability in the Plaxis program and using a simplified analytical method. In the design schemes, there were considered dispersed soils such as sands, sandy loams, loams and clays with different properties and the most common slope angles used in construction practice. The performed analysis of calculations has shown a good convergence of the numerical modeling results with the results of analytical calculations. This method is recommended for preliminary express calculations or for additional alternative verification of slope stability.
Creating of mathematical model of influence efficiency of organization and technology factors on the construction professions development
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Lukina N. L. , Chelnokova V. M. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The article presents the formation and substantiation of a mathematical model obtained by means of analyzing and processing of external and internal organization and technology factors. The mathematical model in the form of a second-order regression equation allows estimating the influence of these factors on the development of construction professions in the region where the study was carried out using the expert assessment method. The authors provide an example confirming the correct choice of groups of factors showing that some of them change, while others remain stable.
Stakeholders` actual knowledge about the construction quality control in Vietnam
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Yudina A. F. , Nguyen Thai Hiep ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The article presents the analysis results of the factors` ranking based on the quality control model for construction and installation organizations in Vietnam by the role and experience of the survey participants using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. As the analysis shows, there is a large similarity in actual knowledge about the quality control between contractors, developers, project managers, and there is some similarity in actual knowledge about the quality control between technical supervisors and designers. Based on the calculation results, we can state that the participants in the construction production process are interested in cooperation to achieve the construction quality. This allows predicting the advantages of using models and tools of quality control in construction industry.
Operational characteristics of the paper factory's biological wastewater treatment facilities
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Feofanov Yu. A.
Published: February 2021

The results of the biological wastewater treatment facilities of the paper factory using raw materials of different kinds (waste paper and pulp) are analyzed. The main performance characteristics of these structures (oxidative capacity for organic pollution and cleaning efficiency) at different loads on them have been determined. Recommendations have been worked out to improve the performance and efficiency of the treatment plant.
Adjustment of comparison objects by processing of large amounts of cadastral data
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPIIRAS), Laskin M. B. , Dampilon L. B. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: February 2021

The article proposes an adjustment method of comparison objects in the comparative approach to real estate valuation, based on the comparison of clusters of different groups of real estate objects formed by price-forming factors and the rate of change between the dates of cadastral valuation. Price-forming factors are divided into qualitative and continuous ones. The division of objects into clusters is carried out according to the growth rate in the period between cadastral valuation and to the qualitative factors. Then, in each cluster, two-dimensional distributions of cadastral values and the resulting dependencies of the changed cadastral value on continuous price-forming factors are considered. The proposed method makes it possible to adjust the objects of comparison of market data (including for small samples), based on the data of cadastral accounting of two periods. These examples are based on a comparison of cadastral valuation results of residential real estate in St. Petersburg in 2015 and 2018.
Combined method for calculating weighing coefficients in multi-factor economic models
Authors:   Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tutygin A. G. , Korobov V. B. ,   Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Menshikova T. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of three popular methods for determining the weight coefficients of contributing factors: the direct placement method, the ranking method, and the method of analyzing hierarchies. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed. A technique that allows combining the advantages of these methods is proposed. Procedures are described based on ranking factors with subsequent introduction of corrections to the weighing coefficients calculated basing on the ranking. The rules for introducing corrections have been formulated. An algorithm for implementing the proposed method is developed, which is illustrated with a model example.
Substantiation of selecting the priority innovation solution in construction using the game theory apparatus
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Chepachenko N. V. , Lutsenko M. M. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Demin A. M. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the current development direction of applied aspects of the game theory tools application in order to improve the quality of substantiation of selecting managerial decisions by participants in construction activities in relation to the situation of uncertainty in changing the external environment. The authors consider some methodological and applied aspects of modeling the process of substantiating the selection of innovative solutions in the activities of construction organizations using statistical games taking into account the situation of insufficient information for making managerial decisions that affect the efficiency of economic activities of construction participants and generate economic risks. A methodological example of applying game-theoretic modeling is considered in substantiating the selection of priority innovative solutions in the field of industrial-civil and transport construction using the “games with nature” class in a situation of partial uncertainty in changes in the external environment. There have been identified some potential applications of statistical games in combination with probability theory that expand the scope of game-theoretic modeling in order to improve the substantiation quality of selecting priority innovative solutions and reducing economic risks in the activities of construction participants.
Development of methods for calculating rod elements of steel structures under multi-parameter loading
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Belyy G. I.
Published: February 2021

In order to reduce the volume of calculation operations, a reverse course of the study of the strength and stability of the rod elements of steel structures in the general case of loading is proposed. For a given limit state in the cross section of the elastic rod element corresponding to the ultimate strain , using the elastic solution method and the «Section» algorithm, the real ultimate state in strength is established. The results obtained in this way are more reliable, since the development of plastic deformations (and for thin-walled elements - section reductions), are determined by the combined action of efforts. The stability of rod elements is known to be characterized by a violation of the equilibrium deformed state. Therefore, following the solutions of the strength problems, at the same loads, a number of stress states are considered in the most loaded section with various values ( ),according to which the «deformation» forces and the corresponding working cross-sectional area and the rod stiffness are determined. Using the latter, the inverse analytical solution of deformation problems determines the largest general loading parameter corresponding to the buckling coefficient.
Specificity of formation of the spatial-planning structure of Kharkov from the middle of the XVII century to 1922
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Bystritskaia M. A.
Published: February 2021

The present article is the first part of the study devoted to the evolution of the spatial-planning structure of Kharkov. The conditions for the formation of the basic planning structure of the city are specified, and the development features during the period of Kharkov`s expanding as a commercial and industrial city are revealed. It is proved that the development of the radial direction of the city's street network basically remains unchanged, the city having been originally founded at the confluence of two rivers where the fortress was built. The stages of transformation of the spatial-planning structure of the city are determined. It is revealed that this transformation has been dictated by the landscape-geographical, economic, and historical-political factors. The study was carried out by the method of retrospective and landscape analysis and the method of graphic modeling based on cartographic material.
Design and calculation of building structures using BIM technologies
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chernykh A. G. , Nizhegorodtsev D. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kubasevich A. E. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Tsyganovkin V. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The paper considers the problem of the lack of comprehensive criteria for evaluating design documentation and information models of construction projects. The main basic principles for forming such criteria are discussed. Aggregate criteria for evaluating design BIM models developed by the author's team are presented. The article presents the evaluation protocols of the Commission of independent experts approved when testing the developed criteria on real design models. There has been carried out an analysis of the objectivity of the criteria by the concordance coefficient. The main advantages and disadvantages of the formulated criteria for evaluating the design BIM model are highlighted.
Mathematical model of nonlinear deformation of three-layer shells
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Karpov V. V. , Kobelev E. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The article presents the study results of geometrically nonlinear deformation of elastic shells of arbitrary type with consideration of transverse shifts. There is constructed a new mathematical model of nonlinear deformation of thin-walled elastic isotropic three-layer shells. Each layer of the shell is made of different materials, but with similar shear modules. The thickness of the layers can be different. Averaging of all three layers becomes possible, and deformation of a three-layer shell as a single-layer shell with the given characteristics of the modulus of elasticity and the Poisson's ratio can be considered.