bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN ASSESSMENT UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI DELAPAN PEMBOROSAN DI BIDANG INDUSTRI KONSTRUKSI
Authors: Samudaya Samudaya , Wahyudi Didik , Budiman Januar
Published: March 2023

Industri konstruksi telah mendapat banyak kritikan karena performanya yang buruk, kondisi di Indonesia sendiri, pemborosan yang terjadi di perusahaan  konstruksi  adalah sekitar 57% dan hanya 10% dari seluruh kegiatan yang memberikan nilai tambah. Performa buruk ini salah satunya disebabkan oleh banyaknya pemborosan yang terus terjadi.Untuk dapat mengurangi pemborosan yang terjadi, maka sebelumnya harus dilakukan identifikasi terhadap pemborosan-pemborosan tersebut. Konsep pemborosan yang terdiri atas transportasi, persediaan (inventory), pergerakan (motion), penundaan (waiting), produksi berlebih (over production), proses berlebih (over processing), cacat produksi (defects) dan pemborosan keahlian (Skill misused). Penelitian ini berfokus pada pembuatan sebuah alat bantu untuk melakukan identifikasi terhadap pemborosan-pemborosan yang terjadi di lapangan, khususnya yang terjadi di wilayah Surabaya dan sekitarnya. Setelah pemborosan yang terjadi diidentifikasi, berikutnya akan dilakukan suatu penilaian.Proses yang paling sederhana adalah dengan melakukan Self Assessment atau penilaian sendiri. Dalam penelitian ini pendekatan dilakukan menggunakan matrix chart karena implementasinya yang mudah dan tidak memerlukan waktu panjang. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa tabel yang dapat diisi sendiri oleh responden.
Prevalence and County-Level Distribution of Births in Catholic Hospitals in the US in 2020
Authors: Cartwright Alice F. , Bullington Brooke W. , Arora Kavita Shah , Swartz Jonas J.
Published: March 2023

This study uses American Hospital Association data to examine the volume and distribution of births in Catholic US hospitals and quantify county-level patterns of Catholic and non-Catholic hospital births.
Pre‐Activation of CO2 at Cobalt Phthalocyanine‐Mg(OH)2 Interface for Enhanced Turnover Rate
Authors: Lyu Fenglei , Ma Bingyun , Xie Xulan , Song Daqi , Lian Yuebin , Yang Hao , Hua Wei , Sun Hao , Zhong Jun , Deng Zhao , Cheng Tao , Peng Yang
Published: March 2023

Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) anchored on heterogeneous scaffold has drawn great attention as promising electrocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), but the molecule/substrate interaction is still pending for clarification and optimization to maximize the reaction kinetics. Herein, a CO2RR catalyst is fabricated by affixing CoPc onto the Mg(OH)2 substrate primed with conductive carbon, demonstrating an ultra‐low overpotential of 0.31 ± 0.03 V at 100 mA cm−2 and high faradaic efficiency of >95% at a wide current density range for CO production, as well as a heavy‐duty operation at 100 mA cm−2 for more than 50 h in a membrane electrode assembly. Mechanistic investigations employing in situ Raman and attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy unravel that Mg(OH)2 plays a pivotal role to enhance the CO2RR kinetics by facilitating the first‐step electron transfer to form anionic *CO2− intermediates. DFT calculations further elucidate that introducing Lewis acid sites help to polarize CO2 molecules absorbed at the metal centers of CoPc and consequently lower the activation barrier. This work signifies the tailoring of catalyst‐support interface at molecular level for enhancing the turnover rate of CO2RR.
Vitrification of Liquid Metal‐in‐Oil Emulsions Using Nano‐Mineral Oxides
Authors: Ryu Seoung Young , Lee Hyunji , Hong Younggi , Bandal Harshad , Goh Munju , Kim Hern , Lee Joohyung
Published: March 2023

Ga and Ga‐based alloys have recently received significant attention as “liquid metals (LMs)” with the combined advantages of a low toxicity, low melting point, high fluidity, and high conductivity. An important method for modifying LMs for enhanced processabilities and new applications is to tailor them into colloidal microdroplets suspended in a liquid medium. In this study, the unique vitrification behavior of oil‐based colloidal systems is shown with suspended LM microdroplets induced by various mineral oxide (MO) nanoparticles that are added as solid rheology modifiers. MOs exhibit a high affinity for the surfaces of suspended LM droplets in an apolar oil medium due to the polar interaction between the MO surface and the oxide skin of the LM. Thus, even minute amounts of added MOs (ΦMO < 0.01) transform a free‐flowing LM suspension (ΦMO ≈ 0.55) into a highly viscoelastic fluid that enables advanced processing (e.g., 3D printing). At high MO loadings (ΦMO ≥ 0.1), an emulsion with unprecedentedly high rheological strength is obtained, characterized by a yield stress of ≈104 Pa. In highly vitrified emulsions, partial sintering effects are induced by high internal sample stress, which improves the thermophysical properties of emulsions that may be useful for several practical applications.
A Cellulose/Polyethylene Oxide Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Enhanced Mechanical Strength and High Ionic Conductivity for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Chunxing , Ou Liqi , Liu Yi , Xu Linhe , Zhou Shuang , Guo Liping , Liu Hao , Zhang Ze , Cui Meng , Chen Gang , Huang Jianlin , Tao Jinsong
Published: March 2023

Polyethylene oxide (PEO) gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is a promising electrolyte for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, they still suffer from weak mechanical properties and low ionic conductivity. Herein, a novel hybrid GPE with enhanced mechanical properties and superior ionic conductivity is developed by introducing regenerated cellulose (RC) into PEO. Benefiting from the 3D porous interconnected network structure of cellulose aerogels, the obtained PEO‐RC GPEs exhibit improved mechanical strength (up to 40 MPa), increased electrolyte absorption ability, excellent ionic conductivity (4.34 × 10−3 S cm−1), and remarkable Li‐ion transfer number (0.60). As a result, a rechargeable LIB assembled with LiFePO4/GPEs/Li demonstrates a high initial discharge capacity of 149.3 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and an impressive capacity of 141.3 mAh g−1 (94.6% capacity retention) after 100 cycles. This work provides a new route to the design and synthesis of novel GPEs toward next‐generation safe rechargeable LIBs.
Activating Lattice Oxygen in Spinel ZnCo2O4 through Filling Oxygen Vacancies with Fluorine for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Xiao Kang , Wang Yifan , Wu Peiyuan , Hou Liping , Liu Zhao‐Qing
Published: March 2023

The development of productive catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a major challenge requiring significant progress in both mechanism and material design. Conventionally, the thermodynamic barrier of lattice oxidation mechanism (LOM) is lower than that of absorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) because the former can overcome certain limitations. However, controlling the OER pathway from the AEM to the LOM by exploiting the intrinsic properties of the catalyst remains challenging. Herein, we incorporated F anions into the oxygen vacancies of spinel ZnCo2O4 and established a link between the electronic structure and the OER catalytic mechanism. Theoretical density calculations revealed that F upshifts the O 2p center and activates the redox capability of lattice O, successfully triggering the LOM pathway. Moreover, the high electronegativity of F anions is favourable for balancing the residual protonation, which can stabilize the structure of the catalyst.
Reduced graphene oxide catalytically enhances the rate of cyanate ester curing under variable frequency microwave heating
Authors: Warner Matthew , Jeng Tiffany , Ayar Sonya , Sekhar Shraddha , Marin Delfina , Engler Anthony , Coverdell Danielle , Ham Jackson , Kohl Paul
Published: March 2023

The curing of Lonza Primaset PT‐30 novolac cyanate ester resin and EPON 826 bisphenol‐A diglycidyl ether were investigated using convective thermal heating and variable frequency microwave (VFM) heating. The addition of 1 part per hundred reduced graphene oxide (r‐GO) to PT‐30 novolac cyanate ester increased the VFM cure rate compared to thermal heating. Curing it at 160°C for 240 min with VFM heating resulted in a 55% degree of cure compared to a 26% degree of cure with thermal heating. This observed VFM rate enhancement is due to selective microwave heating of the r‐GO particles in the resin resulting in increased r‐GO catalytic activity toward cyanate ester curing. It is both a thermal and catalytic effect, the latter of which is absent when r‐GO is added to a bisphenol‐A diglycidyl ether resin with o‐phenylenediamine hardener. Impurities present in the PT‐30 matrix do not appear to contribute to its overall cure kinetics, nor do they participate in the observed VFM rate enhancement.
Mind the past: A systematic review on psychological autopsy
Authors: Pacchioni Federico , Bosia Marta , Moretti Giulia , Barbieri Cristiano , Bellumore Silvia , Travaini Guido
Published: March 2023

Psychological Autopsy (PA) has become widespread to the point of being applied in many diverse fields. However, it is difficult to identify a standard model. In this systematic review, we focused on PA studies assessing mental illness as a major risk factor for suicide. The research, performed on Scopus, Embase, and Pubmed to cover the last 20 years led to 321 reports of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. Results confirmed mental illness as the main risk factor for suicide, followed by specific socio‐demographic factors and life events. The analysis of methodologies depicted a still highly heterogeneous scenario, especially regarding data collection and variables included. However, concerning psychiatric evaluations, an initial standardization process of PA models emerged. In conclusion, the approach is in evolution, and novel guidelines are needed to promote the application of PA as a fundamental tool to inform suicide prevention efforts and to assist forensic examiners in court.
Experimental Investigation of Flow Uniformity in a Bank‐Type Earth‐Air Heat Exchanger
Authors: Goyal Vaishali , Asati Arun Kumar , Arora Amit
Published: March 2023

The airflow in earth‐air heat exchangers with different types of flow was examined at various inlet velocities. The results show that there is a significant variation in the mass flow rate of air through the holes for both induced and forced flow. The mass flow rate ranges from 0.013 to 0.119 kg s−1 for forced flow and from 0.018 to 0.128 kg s−1 for induced flow at a velocity of 4.1 m s−1. In contrast, the variation in the mass flow rate through the pipes is significant only for forced flow and almost negligible for induced flow. The mass flow rate ranges from 0.029 to 0.054 kg s−1 for forced flow and from 0.043 to 0.045 kg s−1 for induced flow at the same velocity, indicating that induced flow may be a valuable method for optimizing the earth‐air heat exchanger performance.
Divergent Reaction of Indoline‐derived Azadienes withα‐Bromohydroxamates: Synthesis of Spiro‐indolinepyrrolidinones and Indoline‐fused Diazepinones
Authors: Jin Hai‐Shan , Fang Qing‐Yun , Wang Jin‐Qi , Zhao Li‐Ming
Published: March 2023

A divergent reaction of indoline‐derived azadienes withα‐bromohydroxamates for the selective synthesis of spiro‐indolinepyrrolidinones and indoline‐fused diazepinones was disclosed. This reaction sequence involved an initial formation of five‐membered spirocyclic products followed by an intramolecular ring‐opening and ring expansion to produce seven‐membered diazepinones. We demonstrated that controlling the reaction time could modulate the reaction pathway for formation of different molecular frameworks for the same set of substrates. Based on the experimental results, the reaction mechanism was also discussed and proposed to explain the phenomena observed in the process.
Aminated Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Membrane for Effective In Situ Bivalent Cadmium Contaminated Kaolin Remediation
Authors: Jia Botao , Yang Ning , Zhang Xianwen , Wang Gan , Wang Peichen , Zhao Junqiang , Chen Li , Zhao Yiping
Published: March 2023

Cadmium is a harmful pollutant in soil. Here, an aminated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane is obtained by electrospinning and amination modification for effective in situ remediation of bivalent cadmium (Cd(II)) contaminated kaolin. The aminated PAN (APAN) nanofiber membrane has the potential to be used as permeable reactive barrier (PRB) combined with electrokinetics (EK) for the remediation of potentially toxic metal contaminated soil. Morphology and chemical characterizations of the nanofibers are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The maximal adsorption capacities of Cd(II) on APAN nanofiber membrane, as calculated from the Langmuir model, are 51.8 mg g−1. In addition, the obtained APAN nanofiber membrane can also be facilely regenerated through the adsorption/desorption experiments (5 cycles). The APAN‐15 nanofiber membrane is used for the remediation of Cd(II) contaminated kaolin. The pH, water content, conductivity, and Cd(II) concentration of kaolin are detected after EK process. These results show that the APAN‐15 nanofiber membrane works as adsorption medium and can accelerate the migration rate of Cd(II) in kaolin, stabilize the pH, and water content. The APAN nanofiber membrane as PRB material can remove Cd(II) in soil effectively and remediate the soil via the EK/APAN process.
Preparation of DNA and RNA Fragments Containing Guanine N2‐Thioalkyl Tethers
Authors: Hou Xiaorong , Wang Gang , Gaffney Barbara L. , Jones Roger A.
Published: March 2023

This article describes procedures for preparation of deoxyguanosine and guanosine derivatives in which the guanine N2 contains a thiopropyl tether, protected as a tert‐butyl disulfide. After incorporation into a DNA or RNA fragment, this tether allows site‐specific cross‐linking to a thiol of a protein or another nucleic acid. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of diisopropyl‐1‐(tert‐butylthio)‐1,2‐hydrazinedicarboxylate (4)

Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of the 2′‐deoxyguanosine N2‐propyl‐tert‐butyl disulfide phosphoramidite (12)

Basic Protocol 3: Preparation of the guanosine N2‐propyl‐tert‐butyl disulfide phosphoramidite (20)

Basic Protocol 4: Preparation of DNA fragments containing N2‐propyl‐tert‐butyl disulfide guanine

Alternate Protocol: Preparation of RNA fragments containing N2‐propyl‐tert‐butyl disulfide guanine

Basic Protocol 5: Conversion of N2‐propyl‐tert‐butyl disulfide to the free thiol, disulfide 5‐thio‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid disulfide, or ethylamine disulfide
The efforts of manufacturing enterprises toward sustainable development under voluntary environmental policy: The roles of external pressure, attraction, and internal attributes
Authors: Li Zhi , Shao Qianwen , Song Jiayun
Published: March 2023

Based on the National Green Factory Policy (NGFP) issued by the Chinese government in 2016, we analyzed the list of manufacturing enterprises awarded the National Green Factory (NGF) designation in 31 provinces over the period 2017–2021. In this regard, we found that the local governments' political resources and soft pressure, and enterprises' profitability have a positive effect, while mimetic pressure has a negative effect on the tendency of manufacturing enterprises to declare NGF designation (hereafter, TENDENCY). Moreover, the positive effect of soft pressure was stronger when political resources were high (vs. low). Additionally, we observed a U‐shaped relationship between the enterprises' environmental pollution level and TENDENCY, and that profitability can weaken such relationship. This study contributes to the literature on the institutional theory and resource dependence theory, and provides new insights into how governments can develop voluntary environmental policies to incentive manufacturing firms to engage in green behaviors.
Dynamic analysis of axially loaded cantilever shear‐beam under large deflections with small rotations
Authors: Saitta Fernando
Published: March 2023

The modal analysis and seismic response of a vibrating cantilever, with or without tip mass and rotary inertia, are investigated in this study using a shear deformable beam model and including the effect of vertical load. Based on existing approaches, an original method is proposed that does not use fourth‐order uncoupled equations to determine modal deflection and rotation. In fact, the approach presented herein transforms the second‐order coupled system into a first‐order system which can be solved more easily using matrix algebra and Laplace transform. Furthermore, the proposed form allows a straightforward demonstration of orthogonality conditions, that is, the problem is self‐adjoint, and the solution in the case of forced response using modal superposition. In addition, even if the solution presented herein is applicable only to the cantilever with a tip mass and rotary inertia, the scope is general, and the approach can be applied to shear deformable beams with other boundary conditions. Finally, the seismic response by modal superposition is shown, and some examples are proposed and discussed for the case of uniform or continuously varying cross‐sectional properties.
How healthy are Australian lunch box snacks with child‐directed marketing?
Authors: Watson Wendy L. , Torkel Sophia , Kat Martha , Hughes Clare
Published: March 2023

Issue Addressed

The diets of Australian children, including their lunch boxes have a disproportionate amount of discretionary foods. Packaged snacks have marketing directed to both children and parents.

Methods

Packaged school lunch box snacks were identified on supermarket websites. Nutrition information and child‐directed and parent‐directed marketing on the package were analysed. The “healthiness” of products was analysed using the Health Star Rating (HSR) (presently on packaging in Australia), two criteria designed for assessing food suitable for marketing to children (the Australian Health Council and the World Health Organization Western Pacific region) and Chilean criteria (used for broad food regulation).

Results

The average HSR of the 135 products was 2.2% and 79% had a HSR <3.5. About 39% of products had child‐directed marketing. Child‐directed marketing would be removed from 89% sweet snacks, and 91% savoury snacks if products with a HSR <3.5 were not allowed to carry that marketing. This is less than the proportion not allowed using criteria from Chile (100%), World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (99%) and the Australian Health Council (93%).

Conclusions

A policy that disallows marketing tactics on unhealthy food based on any of the criteria studied would remove most of both child‐directed and parent‐directed marketing on packaged lunch box snacks.

So What?

Removing child‐directed marketing from unhealthy products would help parents when shopping and contribute to addressing the high proportion of discretionary foods eaten by children at school. Child‐directed marketing on packaging should be a part of comprehensive regulation to protect children from the marketing of unhealthy foods.
Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV vaccination in an Australian cohort
Authors: de Souza Marjorie M. A. , Hartel Gunter , Olsen Catherine M. , Whiteman David C. , Antonsson Annika
Published: March 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is increasing in incidence, yet very little is known about oral HPV infection in the general population. In this Australian‐based study we assess oral HPV prevalence according to HPV vaccination status. Participants of the Oral Diversity Study were Australian residents, aged 18 to 70 years, who filled out a questionnaire about lifestyle and sexual behaviour, and donated a saliva sample in 2020 to 2021. We obtained permission to access HPV vaccination status through record linkage with the Australian Immunisation Register. Saliva samples were DNA extracted, DNA quality checked and analysed for HPV. We recruited 1023 participants to the Oral Diversity Study. Nine hundred twenty‐one returned a saliva sample for analysis, 911 passed the DNA quality check and were included in the study. The oral HPV prevalence was 7.2%, and was strongly associated with sexual behaviours. We identified 27 different HPV types; 53% of participants carried high‐risk HPV types, with no difference between the vaccinated and the unvaccinated groups (53% both, P = .979). Two hundred thirty participants (26%) were HPV vaccinated. The oral prevalence of the nine HPV types included in the nonavalent HPV vaccine was significantly lower in the vaccinated participants compared to the unvaccinated (0.9% vs 3.4%; P = .022). These findings suggest that a sizeable minority of Australian residents harbour oral HPV infections, and many of these are high‐risk subtypes. We found some evidence that HPV vaccination resulted in lower prevalence of oral HPV infections of vaccine‐specific types. Larger surveys are required to confirm these findings.
Hyperspectral imaging to accurately segment skin erythema and hyperpigmentation in cutaneous chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Saknite Inga , Kwun Shinwho , Zhang Kathy , Hood Alexis , Chen Fuyao , Kangas Lauri , Kortteisto Pirjo , Kukkonen Ari , Spigulis Janis , Tkaczyk Eric R.
Published: March 2023

In 51 lesions from 15 patients with the inflammatory skin condition chronic graft‐versus‐host‐disease, hyperspectral imaging accurately delineated active erythema and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation. The method was validated by dermatologist‐approved confident delineations of only definitely affected and definitely unaffected areas in photographs. A prototype hyperspectral imaging system acquired a 2.5 × 3.5 cm2 area of skin at 120 wavelengths in the 450–850 nm range. Unsupervised extraction of unknown absorbers by endmember analysis achieved a comparable accuracy to that of supervised extraction of known absorbers (melanin, hemoglobin) by chromophore mapping: 0.78 (IQR: 0.39–0.85) vs. 0.83 (0.53–0.91) to delineate erythema and 0.74 (0.57–0.87) vs. 0.73 (0.52–0.84) to delineate hyperpigmentation. Both algorithms achieved higher specificity than sensitivity. Whereas a trained human confidently marked a median of 7% of image pixels, unsupervised and supervised algorithms delineated a median of 14% and 27% pixels. Hyperspectral imaging could overcome a fundamental practice gap of distinguishing active from inactive manifestations of inflammatory skin disease.
The Joint Commission on the Mental Health of Children, 1965–1970: Emotional disturbance, race and paths not taken in child psychiatry
Authors: Hirshbein Laura
Published: March 2023

The Joint Commission on the Mental Health of Children (JCMHC) was a sprawling, multidisciplinary project that took shape in the years immediately after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Participants included child psychiatrists, educators, psychologists, social workers, philanthropists and other laypeople and professionals interested in the plight of children. While the original inspiration for the JCMHC was to address the potential for violence from disturbed children and adolescents, its findings and recommendations were an indictment of American society itself in which poor children went hungry, minority children were oppressed and there were not sufficient resources dedicated to the mental health of the nation's population of young people. The task forces and committees of the JCMHC spent significantly more time addressing prevention and mental health rather than mental illness. Two years into the work of the JCMHC, the leadership formed a committee to specifically examine issues related to race. The final report, published in popular book form asCrisis in Child Mental Health, arrived after the unraveling of the liberal consensus that had fueled President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs. Most of the proposed solutions for government intervention were ignored by the Nixon administration. The focus on mental health and the willingness to take a critical look at the detrimental effects of racism had represented child psychiatry at that time. In the decades that followed, however, child psychiatrists turned away from issues about prevention, race and environment and instead focused on the problems of mental illness in individual children.
Efficacy and safety of adding fluoxetine to the treatment regimen of hospitalized patients with non‐critical COVID‐19 pneumonia: A double‐blind randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sedighi Faranak , Zarghami Mehran , Alizadeh Arimi Fatemeh , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Ala Shahram , Ghasemian Roya , Mehravaran Hossein , Elyasi Forouzan
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the drugs, whose effectiveness in viral pandemics has been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate of adding fluoxetine to the treatment regimen of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia.

Methods

This study was a double‐blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial .36 patients in the fluoxetine and 36 patients in the placebo group were enrolled. Patients in the intervention group were first treated with fluoxetine 10 mg for 4 days and then the dose of 20 mg was continued for 4 weeks. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS V. 22.0.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical symptoms at the beginning of the study and also the score of anxiety and depression, oxygen saturation at the time of hospitalization, mid‐hospitalization and discharge periods. The need for mechanical ventilator support (p = 1.00), the need for admission in the intensive care unit (ICU) (p = 1.00), rate for mortality (p = 1.00), and discharge with relative recovery (p = 1.00) were not significantly different between the two groups. The distribution of CRP within the study groups showed a significant decrease during different time periods (p = 0.001), and although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups on the first day (p = 1.00) and at discharge (p = 0.585), mid‐hospital CRP showed a significant decrease in the fluoxetine group (p = 0.032).

Conclusion

Fluoxetine resulted in a faster reduction of patients' inflammation without association with depression and anxiety.
Weight gain patterns among pregnancies with obesity and small‐ and large‐for‐gestational‐age births
Authors: Petersen Julie M. , Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Bodnar Lisa M. , Parker Samantha E. , Ahrens Katherine A. , Werler Martha M.
Published: March 2023

Objective

This case‐cohort study estimated associations between gestational weight gain (GWG) and small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) and large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) births stratified by obesity class (I: 30–34.9 kg/m2; II: 35–39.9 kg/m2; III: ≥40 kg/m2) (Magee‐Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1998–2011).

Methods

First‐trimester GWG was categorized as being below (<0.2 kg), within (0.2–2.0 kg), or above (>2.0 kg) the Institute of Medicine recommendations. For second‐ and third‐trimester GWG, four linear trajectories were derived: approximating maintenance (slope −0.05 ± 0.03 kg/wk), approximating the recommendations (0.27 ± 0.01 kg/wk; reference), higher than the recommendations (0.54 ± 0.01 kg/wk), and highest among those above the recommendations (0.91 ± 0.02 kg/wk).

Results

For classes I, II, and III, respectively, there were 1290, 1247, and 1198 pregnancies in the subcohort; 262, 171, and 123 SGA cases; and 353, 286, and 257 LGA cases. First‐trimester GWG was not associated with SGA/LGA births. Second‐ and third‐trimester weight maintenance was associated with potentially lower LGA risk (risk ratio [RR]: 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–1.1) but not higher SGA risk (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.64–1.5) for class III. In addition, some sensitivity analyses supported no increased SGA risk with second‐ and third‐trimester weight maintenance for classes I and II.

Conclusions

Second‐ and third‐trimester weight maintenance may be associated with more optimal birth weight for gestational age. However, how this could be achieved (e.g., through diet and exercise interventions) is unclear, given the observational design of our study.
School‐based psychologists in Lebanese schools: An exploratory analysis of their professional profile
Authors: Mansour Fatima , Mashmoushi Rasha , Dirani Leyla Akoury
Published: March 2023

The increased interest in school psychology has been accompanied with an expansion of in‐house psychological and rehabilitation services worldwide and in Lebanon. This study aims to explore current practices of school‐based psychologists in Lebanese schools in an attempt to understand their role and inform the design of national strategies. A mixed methods design was used including a review of existing academic curricula, laws and regulations and published local research studies; interviews with stakeholders, and a survey filled by school‐based psychologists. In addition, 7 university curricula, 7 theses, and 3 dissertations were reviewed, 14 stakeholders were interviewed and 49 school‐based psychologists filled the survey. Conclusions suggest that there is no consensus about the title of this profession and its scope of practice, and the required knowledge and training to practice. This study highlighted the need to further make strategic decisions and establish this professional profile, in addition to making the needed amendments to the university curricula and the legal framework of the rules and regulations.
Aggregates of Ionic‐Bonds Coupled Polymer and Their Photosensitization Enhancement Effect
Authors: Chen Kongqi , He Dong , Liu Qiong , Fan Yuanzhong , Wang Zhiming , Zhang Weijie , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2023

The formation of nanoaggregates makes a great difference to the improvement of photodynamic therapy (PDT) performance to some extent, but constructing stable aggregates with a clear structure is simultaneously a big challenge for us. Herein, just by electrostatic interaction, cationic 2PAHs and anionic FBA351, regarded as acceptor (A) and donor (D), respectively, are utilized to prepare stable aggregate of ionic‐bonds coupled polymer (ICP) with repeated “D–A” structure, which is fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Remarkably, aggregate ICP with multiple “D–A” structures showed enhanced photosensitization efficiency over its precursor 2PAHs and FBA351, which is in accord with the image‐guided photodynamic anticancer therapy. Such results not only offer a simple way to obtain stable aggregate but also give us a guideline to design efficient photosensitizers.
Synthesis and Application of Fluorescent Polymer Micro‐ and Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhong Hai , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping
Published: March 2023

Fluorescent polymer particles have witnessed an increasing interest in recent years, owing to their fascinating physicochemical properties as well as wide‐ranging applications. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art research progress of fluorescent polymer particles in the past five years is summarized. First, the synthesis protocols for fluorescent polymer particles, including emulsion polymerization, precipitation polymerization, dispersion polymerization, suspension polymerization, nanoprecipitation, self‐assembly, and post‐polymerization modification, are presented in detail. Then, the applications of the resulting beguiling particles in anticounterfeiting, chemical sensing, and biomedicine, are illustrated. Finally, the challenges and opportunities that exist in the field are pointed out. This review aims to offer important guidance and stimulate more research attention to this rapidly developing field.
Neuroprotective mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles improving the phenotype polarization of microglia via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway in vascular dementia
Authors: Wang Pengwei , Yi Tingting , Mao Senlin , Li Mingjie
Published: March 2023

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a prevalent cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (hUCMSC‐Evs) are critical for VaD treatment. We explored the mechanism of hUCMSC‐Evs in VaD. VaD rat model was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation and hUCMSC‐Evs were extracted. VaD rats were injected with Evs through the tail vein. Rat neurological scores, neural behaviors, memory and learning abilities, brain tissue pathological changes, and neurological impairment were evaluated by Zea‐Longa method, Morris water maze tests, HE staining, and ELISA (through acetylcholine [ACH] and dopamine [DA] assessment). Microglia M1/M2 polarization was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Pro‐/anti‐inflammatory factor levels in brain tissue homogenate, oxidative stress‐related indicators, and p‐PI3K, PI3K, p‐AKT, AKT, and Nrf2 protein levels were determined by ELISA, kits, and Western blot. VaD rats were jointly treated with PI3K phosphorylation inhibitor Ly294002 and hUCMSC‐Evs. VaD rats manifested increased neurological function injury scores, decreased cognitive function and learning ability, abnormal brain structure, obvious inflammatory infiltration, diminished ACH and DA levels, increased microglial cells and M1‐polarized cells, M1/M2 polarization ratio, inflammation, and oxidative stress. hUCMSC‐Evs alleviated the neurological damage of VaD rats, inhibited M1 polarization, inflammation, and oxidative stress of microglial cells in brain tissues of VaD rats, and activated the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. Ly294002 partially averted the effects of hUCMSC‐Evs on microglial polarization, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Briefly, hUCMSC‐Evs activated the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway and inhibited microglial M1 polarization, inflammation, and oxidative stress, thus protecting VaD rat nerve functions.
Ideating task‐based designs for special education learners
Authors: Chan Hang
Published: March 2023

The task‐based language teaching (TBLT) approach has long drawn data from general learners and developed theories on the basis of those data. In this article, the author explores how to adapt TBLT materials for learners with special educational needs (LwSENs) who have difficulty learning, thinking, and communicating. TBLT conceptualizes proficiency‐oriented targets differently than SEN, which emphasizes remedial teaching methods. Using visual images and textual definitions, this study probes special educators' ideal learning tasks, a method derived from phenomenology, which studies things in the world by studying people's perceptions of them. Visuals and texts as eidetic tools enabled the researcher to collect data of perception from nine core participants, which showed their excitement and trepidation regarding using tasks to teach. Results showed that special educators preferred project‐like tasks with game plans and goal‐oriented outcomes and were pessimistic about the possibility of developing a fully proficiency‐targeted approach for teaching LwSENs. Their preference for simple materials may contradict the expectation that the TBLT approach will produce high‐quality outputs among LwSENs. As a means of closing these knowledge gaps, this article responds to the special educators’ task design ideas and proposes solutions for developing appropriate materials.
Online veterinary anatomy education during Covid‐19 pandemic in Iran: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Sadeghinezhad Javad
Published: March 2023

Background

The covid‐19 pandemic changed veterinary anatomy in‐person training to inexperienced virtual training rapidly.

Objectives

This survey was designed to assess the perceptions of first‐ and second‐year Iranian veterinary students on learning outcomes during the online transition.

Methods

The opinions of 684 students were examined using questionnaire.

Results

The data showed that 23.8% of students were interested in learning anatomy online and 24.8% were satisfied with it. Only 13.5% of the students in the survey generally agree with replacing remote teaching with ordinary training. Less than 1% of students considered online education suitable for the practical part of anatomy. Most of the students' sources for theoretical part included professor's booklets, narrated PowerPoint lectures, in‐class notes, and anatomy books. Professors' dissection videos, YouTube videos and also anatomy atlases were the most used sources for practical part. Many students (69.3%) were comfortable using technology. Few numbers of the students (36.1%) were satisfied with the result of the online anatomy exam. Students commented missing dissection, lack of interaction and technology challenges as main negative‐points of E‐learning. While time management and reviewing the recorded lessons was described as one of the most important benefits.

Conclusions

Online education cannot replace face‐to‐face education in anatomy and it can be used along ordinary training as an additional educational tool. However, group online learning activities, using dissection videos and 3‐D software are suggested for online learning. The data of this study, collected for the first time in Iran, can be used for future decisions in veterinary anatomy.
Politics of climate change mitigation in Taiwan: International isolation, developmentalism legacy, and civil society responses
Authors: Liu John Chung‐En , Chao Chia‐Wei
Published: March 2023

This focus review summarizes climate politics in Taiwan at the global, the national, and the local level. The article begins with an introduction to Taiwan's emission profile, major actors, and recent policy development. At the global level, Taiwan's unique international status has limited its responses to climate change as mostly gesture policies, but recently corporate climate actions bloomed due to pressures from the supply chains. At the national level, Taiwan's developmental state legacy has locked the country in a “high‐carbon regime” and struggled with the debate on nuclear power. Finally, at the local level, Taiwan seeks to facilitate climate actions with the principle of energy democracy, yet public participation still falls short and local land use conflicts will present enormous challenges. The article ends with a discussion on current knowledge gaps and invites future research to put Taiwan into comparative perspectives.

This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy
Rotators and Snakes
Authors: Ptitsyn Vadim
Published: March 2023

This lecture introduces various kinds of spin rotating devices used in present particle accelerators. They include Siberian Snakes used for polarization preservation and spin rotators used for creating a specific polarization orientation in experimental locations. Following the analysis of spin rotation in different types of magnets, approaches for designing spin rotating devices are discussed. Considerations for appropriate design choices of spin rotating devices in dependence on the beam energy are given. Examples of Snakes and spin rotators used in past accelerators as well as designs considered for future ones are presented.
Spin Matching
Authors: Ptitsyn Vadim
Published: March 2023

When spin rotating devices are used in an electron accelerator ring the stochastic depolarization caused by synchrotron radiation becomes an issue. Special design of the ring optics is required in order to minimize harmful effect of stochastic depolarization. Ring optics adjustments which help to minimize the depolarization are called spin matching. In this lecture the formalism for deriving spin matching conditions is presented. Then, spin matching conditions are derived for examples of a spin rotator based on solenoidal magnets and a spin rotator based on vertical and horizontal bending magnets.
Polarization in a GeV RLA
Authors: Roblin Yves
Published: March 2023

Polarized beam dynamics in a Recirculated Linear Accelerator (RLA) differ markedly from their behavior in circular machines. After giving a brief overview of the topology of a RLA we discuss the unique requirements for polarized beam physics experiments carried at these types of machines and their implications on the spin transport. The Thomas BMT equation will be rewritten to emphasize the relevant features and the relationship between spin transport and global accelerator parameters such as the accelerating profiles. We will consider scenarios for which one or more experimental hall has to be provided with longitudinal polarization and discuss how this is achieved. Finally, a review of possible depolarization and spin precession effects occurring in these machines will be presented. In order to illustrate this, we will examine the case of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) where such effects were first observed.
A lightweight convolutional neural network to reconstruct deformation in BOS recordings
Authors: Mucignat Claudio , Manickathan Lento , Shah Jiggar , Rösgen Thomas , Lunati Ivan
Published: March 2023

We introduce a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that is specifically designed and trained to post-process recordings obtained by Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS), a popular technique to visualize compressible and convective flows. To reconstruct BOS image deformation, we devised a lightweight network () that has comparatively fewer parameters to train than the CNNs that have been previously proposed for optical flow. To train , we introduce a novel strategy based on the generation of synthetic images from random-irrotational deformation fields, which are intended to mimic those provided by real BOS recordings. This allows us to generate a large number of training examples at minimal computational cost. To assess the accuracy of the reconstructed displacements, we consider test cases consisting of synthetic images with sinusoidal displacement as well as images obtained in the experimental studies of a hot plume in air and a flow past and inside a heated hollow hemisphere. By comparing the reconstructed deformation fields using the or conventional post-processing techniques used in Direct Image Correlation () or conventional image cross-correlation, we show that is more accurate and robust in the synthetic test case. When applied to experimental BOS recordings, all methods provide similar and consistent deformation fields. As is capable of achieving a comparable or better accuracy at a fraction of the computational costs, it represents a valuable alternative to conventional post-processing techniques for BOS experiments.
A pitchfork-like relationship between reduced Barents-Kara sea ice and Ural atmospheric circulation
Authors: Li Dongdong , Zhang Renhe , Huang Jianping
Published: March 2023

Atmospheric circulation monthly anomalies over the Ural region are key indicators of Eurasian climate anomalies. Here, whether there exists a one-to-two correspondence relationship that generally agrees with the supercritical pitchfork bifurcation model, referred to as a pitchfork-like relationship, between reduced sea ice concentration (SIC) in the Barents-Kara Seas in specific months and the lagging Ural circulation anomalies is explored. Based on the monthly observational SIC data and two reanalyses during 1979/1980 − 2020/2021, two typical examples are found by estimating the joint probability density function. Results show that when the gradually reduced SIC in September (January) passes a critical threshold, the preferred Ural circulation patterns in October (February) exhibit a regime transition from the flat zonal westerlies to wavy westerlies with a Ural trough and wavy westerlies with a Ural ridge. Because both the barotropic and baroclinic conversion of energy from the climatological-mean flow to Ural circulation anomalies exhibit a regime transition from one regime to two regimes. It might be associated with the increased both positive and negative shear vorticity of background westerly wind over the Ural region before the regime transition, contributed by the thermodynamic effect of the SIC reduction. After the regime transition, positive and negative anomaly events of Ural atmospheric circulation occur with equal probability under the same SIC. Our results suggest an increased incidence of both positive and negative anomalies of Ural atmospheric circulation and also the Siberian High, under the recent SIC reduction, which implies a low predictability of Eurasian climate anomalies in October and February.
Mummification in a forensic context: an observational study of taphonomic changes and the post-mortem interval in an indoor setting
Authors: Ceciliason Ann-Sofie , Käll Björn , Sandler Håkan
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of mummification in an indoor setting, with an emphasis on the forensic perspective. A dataset of 102 forensic autopsy cases was assessed for distribution of desiccation of skin and soft tissue (i.e., subcutaneous fat and musculature) and for moist decompositional (i.e., putrefactive) changes. Further, possible correlation with the post-mortem interval (PMI) was evaluated, as well as the effects of clothing coverage of the body. The results indicated that yellow to orange parchment-like desiccated skin was found at significantly shorter PMIs than reddish brown to black leathery desiccated skin, even when soft tissue desiccation was included in the comparative analysis. Clothing appeared to have a significant decelerating effect on the extent of desiccation on the legs, but findings in regard to whole body or torso/arms were inconclusive. A large variation in PMIs was evident as regards fully desiccated skin (PMI 18–217 days), indicating difficulties in PMI estimation due to a variable repressive effect on the decompositional process per se in an indoor setting. For the specific case in forensic practice, no definite conclusion can be drawn from the observed desiccation changes to the PMI. One way forward might be creating a systematic and standardized method for describing different desiccation types, as well as other cooccurring decompositional changes and how they relate to the PMI, as a foundation for a future quantification model.
Controlling stick balancing on a linear track: Delayed state feedback or delay-compensating predictor feedback?
Authors: Nagy Dalma J. , Milton John G. , Insperger Tamas
Published: March 2023

A planar stick balancing task was investigated using stabilometry parameters (SP); a concept initially developed to assess the stability of human postural sway. Two subject groups were investigated: 6 subjects (MD) with many days of balancing a 90 cm stick on a linear track and 25 subjects (OD) with only one day of balancing experience. The underlying mechanical model is a pendulum-cart system. Two control force models were investigated by means of numerical simulations: (1) delayed state feedback (DSF); and (2) delay-compensating predictor feedback (PF). Both models require an internal model and are subject to certainty thresholds with delayed switching. Measured and simulated time histories were compared quantitatively using a cost function in terms of some essential SPs for all subjects. Minimization of the cost function showed that the control strategy of both OD and MD subjects can better be described by DSF. The control mechanism for the MD subjects was superior in two aspects: (1) they devoted less energy to controlling the cart’s position; and (2) their perception threshold for the stick’s angular velocity was found to be smaller. Findings support the concept that when sufficient sensory information is readily available, a delay-compensating PF strategy is not necessary.