bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulating objects during learning shrinks the global scale of spatial representations in memory: a virtual reality study
Authors: Lhuillier S. , Dutriaux L. , Nicolas S. , Gyselinck V.
Published: February 2024

Goal-directed approaches to perception usually consider that distance perception is shaped by the body and its potential for interaction. Although this phenomenon has been extensively investigated in the field of perception, little is known about the effect of motor interactions on memory, and how they shape the global representation of large-scale spaces. To investigate this question, we designed an immersive virtual reality environment in which participants had to learn the positions of several items. Half of the participants had to physically (but virtually) grab the items with their hand and drop them at specified locations (active condition). The other half of the participants were simply shown the items which appeared at the specified position without interacting with them (passive condition). Half of the items used during learning were images of manipulable objects, and the other half were non manipulable objects. Participants were subsequently asked to draw a map of the virtual environment from memory, and to position all the items in it. Results show that active participants recalled the global shape of the spatial layout less precisely, and made more absolute distance errors than passive participants. Moreover, global scaling compression bias was higher for active participants than for passive participants. Interestingly, manipulable items showed a greater compression bias compared to non-manipulable items, yet they had no effect on correlation scores and absolute non-directional distance errors. These results are discussed according to grounded approaches of spatial cognition, emphasizing motor simulation as a possible mechanism for position retrieval from memory.
Extensive lymphadenectomy may improve survival in node negative oesophageal cancer
Authors: Khoma Oleksandr , Paredes Steven R. , Park Jin-soo , Kennedy Catherine W. , Falk Gregory L.
Published: February 2024

Lymph node metastases are a major prognostic factor in survival of patients with oesophageal cancer. The number of lymph nodes removed during oesophagectomy has been previously proven to be associated with improved survival. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of lymph node harvest on survival specifically in pathologically node negative (pN0) patients with oesophageal cancer. Data were extracted from a prospectively populated single-surgeon database of oesophageal resections for cancer. All consecutive patients with pN0 were included. Patient-specific risk adjusted analysis of overall and disease-free survival was performed to identify the number of lymph nodes associated with improved survival. Inclusion criteria were met by 137 patients (49 squamous cell carcinoma and 88 adenocarcinoma). Adjusted for cancer stage, tumour (histological type, degree of differentiation, lympho-vascular invasion, neo-adjuvant therapy) and patient related factors (age, sex), increased lymph node number was associated with significant improvement in overall (P = 0.045) and disease free (P = 0.030) survival. Lymph node count ≥ 17 was associated with improved overall and disease-free survival. In this cohort of patients with pathologically node-negative oesophageal cancer, lymph node count of 17 or above was associated with significantly improved survival.
Macroscale intrinsic dynamics are associated with microcircuit function in focal and generalized epilepsies
Authors: Yang Siqi , Zhou Yimin , Peng Chengzong , Meng Yao , Chen Huafu , Zhang Shaoshi , Kong Xiaolu , Kong Ru , Yeo B. T. Thomas , Liao Wei , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: February 2024

Epilepsies are a group of neurological disorders characterized by abnormal spontaneous brain activity, involving multiscale changes in brain functional organizations. However, it is not clear to what extent the epilepsy-related perturbations of spontaneous brain activity affect macroscale intrinsic dynamics and microcircuit organizations, that supports their pathological relevance. We collect a sample of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and genetic generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS), as well as healthy controls. We extract massive temporal features of fMRI BOLD time-series to characterize macroscale intrinsic dynamics, and simulate microcircuit neuronal dynamics used a large-scale biological model. Here we show whether macroscale intrinsic dynamics and microcircuit dysfunction are differed in epilepsies, and how these changes are linked. Differences in macroscale gradient of time-series features are prominent in the primary network and default mode network in TLE and GTCS. Biophysical simulations indicate reduced recurrent connection within somatomotor microcircuits in both subtypes, and even more reduced in GTCS. We further demonstrate strong spatial correlations between differences in the gradient of macroscale intrinsic dynamics and microcircuit dysfunction in epilepsies. These results emphasize the impact of abnormal neuronal activity on primary network and high-order networks, suggesting a systematic abnormality of brain hierarchical organization.
Bromine-mediated strategy endows efficient electrochemical oxidation of amine to nitrile
Authors: Zhang Yuchi , Zhao Jiyang , Cheng Jiongjia , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Haiying , Shao Yang , Mao Xiaoxia , He Xin
Published: February 2024

Br−/Br2 mediated electrochemical oxidation of primary amines to nitriles paired with HER.
The low loading of metal in metal–organic framework-derived NiNx@NC promotes amide formation through C–N coupling
Authors: Vyas Ved , Kumar Vishesh , Indra Arindam
Published: February 2024

The low loading of Ni in the NiNx@NC catalyst provides excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for amidation reactions. Ni–N coordination provides a ligand-like environment around the metal center to improve the catalytic activity.
A hollow Ag/AgCl nanoelectrode for single-cell chloride detection
Authors: Zhang Tian-Yang , Liu Fang-Qing , Li Zheng , Xu Yi-Tong , Zhao Wei-Wei , Chen Hong-Yuan , Xu Jing-Juan
Published: February 2024

A hollow Ag/AgCl nanoelectrode is developed for single-cell drug infusion and chloride detection.
Reverse fabrication method of thin-film composite membranes for hydrogen separation
Authors: Son Young Jae , Oh Nayeong , Bin Min Su , Kim Jeong Hoon , Kim Jong Hak
Published: February 2024

A reverse method involves the pre-formation of an Matrimid (MI)-selective layer, followed by a porous polysulfone (PSF) support deposition.
Hydrogen bioelectrogeneration with pH-resilient and oxygen-tolerant cobalt apoenzyme-saccharide
Authors: Iost Rodrigo M. , Venkatkarthick Radhakrishnan , Nascimento Steffane Q. , Lima Fabio H. B. , Crespilho Frank N.
Published: February 2024

SacCoMyo, an engineered artificial enzyme with a hydroxocobalamin core and protective heteropolysaccharide-linked shell, exhibits resilience in acidic electrolytes containing molecular oxygen, reducing the activation overpotential for hydrogen generation and demonstrating high turnover frequency.
Uranyl ion coordination polymers with the dibenzobarrelene-based rac- and (R,R)-trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboxylate ligands
Authors: Lee Young Hoon , Kusumoto Sotaro , Atoini Youssef , Koide Yoshihiro , Hayami Shinya , Kim Yang , Harrowfield Jack , Thuéry Pierre
Published: February 2024

Uranyl ion complexes of a dibenzobarrelene-based dicarboxylate have oligomeric or mono- to triperiodic polymeric arrangements displaying the influence of the interactions of the hydrophobic part of the ligand on the structures formed.
Unravelling the molecular interactions behind the formation of PEG/PPG aqueous two-phase systems
Authors: Jorge Alexandre M. S. , Silva Gonçalo M. C. , Coutinho João A. P. , Pereira Jorge F. B.
Published: February 2024

Experimental data and MD simulations of PEG/PPG/H2O ternary mixtures at different temperatures and water contents allow the understanding of the molecular interactions governing phase separation in this polymer/polymer ATPS.
Anti-Arrhenius passage of gaseous molecules through nanoporous two-dimensional membranes
Authors: Dementyev Petr , Gölzhäuser Armin
Published: February 2024

Temperature variations reveal a gating effect on molecular permeation across two-dimensional membranes. The reason appears to be adsorption–desorption equilibria on the membrane surface.
Modeling of Cu(ii)-based protein spin labels using rotamer libraries
Authors: Hasanbasri Zikri , Tessmer Maxx H. , Stoll Stefan , Saxena Sunil
Published: February 2024

Herein, we develop an efficient rotamer library-based approach to predict distance distributions from Cu(ii) protein labels.
Vibrational wave-packet dynamics of the silver pentamer probed by femtosecond NeNePo spectroscopy
Authors: Grellmann Max , DeWitt Martin , Neumark Daniel M. , Asmis Knut R. , Jin Jiaye
Published: February 2024

Nuclear wave-packet dynamics for neutral Ag5 are studied using femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy using NeNePo scheme confirming a planar trapezoidal gas-phase geometry of neutral Ag5 in the absence of perturbations.
Vibrational spectroscopy of dispersed ReVIIOx sites supported on monoclinic zirconia
Authors: Andriopoulou Chrysanthi , Kentri Theocharis , Boghosian Soghomon
Published: February 2024

In situ Raman and FTIR spectroscopies complemented by 18O labelling are used under oxidative dehydrated conditions at 120–400 °C to explore the speciation of the dispersed (ReOx)n phase on monoclinic ZrO2 at coverages of 0.71–3.7 Re nm−2.
A redox active rod coordination polymer from tetrakis(4-carboxylic acid biphenyl)tetrathiafulvalene
Authors: Zigon Nicolas , Solano Federica , Auban-Senzier Pascale , Grolleau Stéphane , Devic Thomas , Zolotarev Pavel N. , Proserpio Davide M. , Barszcz Bolesław , Olejniczak Iwona , Avarvari Narcis
Published: February 2024

A sprawling scaffold. Tetrathiafulvalene-tetrabenzoic acid has been widely used in redox active porous coordination polymers. Herein is reported the extension of the spacers between the redox active core and the SBUs, and the related PCP structure.
Synthesis of 3-arylamino-2-polyhydroxyalkyl-substituted indoles from unprotected saccharides and anilines
Authors: Wu Jilai , Zhou Likai , Xie Song , Wei Chao , Li Xiaoliu , Chen Hua
Published: February 2024

A simple and efficient one-pot synthetic protocol has been developed for the synthesis of structurally diverse indole derivatives by using unprotected sugars and aromatic amines.
Direct electrochemical synthesis of arenesulfonyl fluorides from nitroarenes: a dramatic ionic liquid effect
Authors: Kong Xianqiang , Liu Qianwen , Chen Yiyi , Wang Wei , Chen Hong-Fa , Wang Wenjie , Zhang Shuangquan , Chen Xiaohui , Cao Zhong-Yan
Published: February 2024

A practical electrosynthesis of aryl sulfonyl fluorides from nitroarenes is described. Cheap N-methylimidazolium p-toluenesulfonate has been found to be an effective additive, promoting the desired fluorosulfonylation under very mild conditions.
A survey of the iron ligand-to-metal charge transfer chemistry in water
Authors: Stahl Jessica , König Burkhard
Published: February 2024

Fully hydrated! – Iron photocatalysis tests the waters.
3D bioprinting cowpea mosaic virus as an immunotherapy depot for ovarian cancer prevention in a preclinical mouse model
Authors: Zhao Zhongchao , Xiang Yi , Koellhoffer Edward C. , Shukla Sourabh , Fiering Steven , Chen Shaochen , Steinmetz Nicole F.
Published: February 2024

Implantable bioprinted hydrogels loaded with immunostimulatory cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) were fabricated using digital light processing (DLP) printing technology for ovarian cancer treatment.
Integrated design and construction of the NiMoS4@Co9S8/Ni3S2 hollow core–shell heterostructure for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Gaigai , Wu Lei , Huang Shijie , Zhao Wenna , Han Lei
Published: February 2024

A multi-component NiMoS4@Co9S8/Ni3S2 heterostructure with hollow core–shell morphology exhibits excellent electrochemical performances for asymmetric supercapacitor.
A chiral metal–organic framework/cyclodextrin sensing interface for the chiral discrimination of tryptophan enantiomers
Authors: Huang Haowei , Li Junyao , Cai Wenrong , Wu Datong , Xu Laidi , Kong Yong
Published: February 2024

A CMOF is synthesized by the grafting of carboxymethyl-β-CD to l-histidine-functionalized ZIF-8, which is used for the discrimination of tryptophan enantiomers.
Immune receptors and aging brain
Authors: Djurišić Maja
Published: February 2024

Aging brings about a myriad of degenerative processes throughout the body. A decrease in cognitive abilities is one of the hallmark phenotypes of aging, underpinned by neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration occurring in the brain. This review focuses on the role of different immune receptors expressed in cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems. We will discuss how immune receptors in the brain act as sentinels and effectors of the age-dependent shift in ligand composition. Within this ‘old-age-ligand soup,’ some immune receptors contribute directly to excessive synaptic weakening from within the neuronal compartment, while others amplify the damaging inflammatory environment in the brain. Ultimately, chronic inflammation sets up a positive feedback loop that increases the impact of immune ligand–receptor interactions in the brain, leading to permanent synaptic and neuronal loss.
NaHCO3 loading causes increased arterial pressure and kidney damage in rats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Mannon Elinor C. , Muller P. Robinson , Sun Jingping , Bush Weston B. , Coleman Alex , Ocasio Hiram , Polichnowski Aaron J. , Brands Michael W. , O'Connor Paul M.
Published: February 2024

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is commonly utilized as a therapeutic to treat metabolic acidosis in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). While increased dietary sodium chloride (NaCl) is known to promote volume retention and increase blood pressure, the effects of NaHCO3 loading on blood pressure and volume retention in CKD remain unclear. In the present study, we compared the effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 loading on volume retention, blood pressure, and kidney injury in both 2/3 and 5/6 nephrectomy remnant kidney rats, a well-established rodent model of CKD. We tested the hypothesis that NaCl loading promotes greater volume retention and increases in blood pressure than equimolar NaHCO3. Blood pressure was measured 24 h daily using radio telemetry. NaCl and NaHCO3 were administered in drinking water ad libitum or infused via indwelling catheters. Rats were housed in metabolic cages to determine volume retention. Our data indicate that both NaHCO3 and NaCl promote hypertension and volume retention in remnant kidney rats, with salt-sensitivity increasing with greater renal mass reduction. Importantly, while NaHCO3 intake was less pro-hypertensive than equimolar NaCl intake, NaHCO3 was not benign. NaHCO3 loading significantly elevated blood pressure and promoted volume retention in rats with CKD when compared with control rats receiving tap water. Our findings provide important insight into the effects of sodium loading with NaHCO3 in CKD and indicate that NaHCO3 loading in patients with CKD is unlikely to be benign.
Experimental and numerical observation of flow-acoustics feedback phenomena due to two diaphragms in tandem inserted in a rectangular duct
Authors: de Reboul Silouane , Perrey-Debain Emmanuel , Ville Jean-Michel , Zerbib Nicolas , Hugues Florian , Moreau Stéphane
Published: February 2024

The proximity of obstacles in a ventilation network can result in a significant increase of the noise production. In this paper, a tandem diaphragm inserted in a rigid duct with rectangular cross section is investigated and compared to a single diaphragm obstruction. The disturbed flow which reaches the second obstacle causes an amplification of the radiated noise which goes beyond a simple doubling of the power. Experimental results, carried with various spacing between the two diaphragms and bulk velocity, allows identifying other aeroacoustic source mechanisms which does not appear with a single diaphragm. Depending on the configuration, the broadband level can increase by more than 10 dB and feedback phenomena can appear at low frequency. Explanations and illustrations of those phenomena are given thanks to compressible-fluid simulations.
Preserve local commerce in the global e-commerce era: The case of CiShoppo
Authors: Pagano Claudio , Pipino Claudia , Squillante Dea , Rocco Gateano , Carrubbo Luca
Published: February 2024

The digitalization of commercial transactions has a great influence on the global market. E-commerce became very important in the dynamics of producer-consumer and supply-chain interactions, leading to the transformation of consuming processes. Also, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the rules of consumption, especially encouraging online purchasing methods. Small suppliers have felt the impact of global ecommerce. They have consistently faced challenges from industry giants. The dominant presence of these large companies puts the survival of smaller suppliers in the market at risk, prompting them to adapt through digitization to remain competitive. The influence of this market’s digitization, combined with the global competition of big e-commerce companies, has unfortunately led to the permanent shutdown of many local enterprises. To avoid this problem, we propose the case of a web design solution CiShoppo, owned by ITSvil s.r.l.. The aim is to promote local commerce and mitigate the impact of these market dynamics on small suppliers, preserving the concepts of ‘local production’ and ‘km 0’, ultimately contributing to the valorisation and support of local production.
Complémentarité de l’odontologie et de l’anthropologie pour l’identification de corps sous « X »
Authors: Bou Christophe
Published: February 2024

La presse se fait régulièrement l’écho de disparitions inquiétantes d’enfants ou d’adultes, de suicidés, de victimes d’accidents, de sans-abri, et de la découverte souvent fortuite de corps ou de restes humains, avec ou sans présomption d’identité. En 2011, une étude rétrospective réalisée sur six ans au sein de l’institut médico-légal (IML) de l’hôpital Poincaré à Garches, énonçait le chiffre surprenant de plus de 1 500 inhumations sous X par an en France. Véritable constat d’échec, c’est tout un ensemble de dysfonctionnements qui sont à l’origine de cette situation. À travers cet article, nous tentons d’en identifier les causes et de voir comment l’identification en odontologie et anthropologie pourraient contribuer à résoudre cette problématique, véritable enjeu de santé publique.
Approche biomimétique des restaurations des tissus dentaires
Authors: Colon Pierre , Grosgogeat Brigitte
Published: February 2024

Les dents constituent un organe particulier. Elles permettent la fonction masticatrice, participent à la phonation et ont un rôle important dans les relations sociales. Elles doivent résister à des variations de température, comprises entre 5 °C et 55 °C, aux contraintes mécaniques de la mastication, et aux acides présents dans l’alimentation.
Unveiling Gambogenic Acid as a Promising Antitumor Compound: A Review
Authors: Mi Li , Xing Zhichao , Zhang Yujie , He Ting , Su Anping , Wei Tao , Li Zhihui , Wu Wenshuang
Published: February 2024

Gambogenic acid is a derivative of gambogic acid, a polyprenylated xanthone isolated from Garcinia hanburyi. Compared with the more widely studied gambogic acid, gambogenic acid has demonstrated advantages such as a more potent antitumor effect and less systemic toxicity than gambogic acid according to early investigations. Therefore, the present review summarizes the effectiveness and mechanisms of gambogenic acid in different cancers and highlights the mechanisms of action. In addition, drug delivery systems to improve the bioavailability of gambogenic acid and its pharmacokinetic profile are included. Gambogenic acid has been applied to treat a wide range of cancers, such as lung, liver, colorectal, breast, gastric, bladder, and prostate cancers. Gambogenic acid exerts its antitumor effects as a novel class of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors. It prevents cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis and controlling the cell
cycle as well as autophagy. Gambogenic acid also hinders tumor cell invasion and metastasis by downregulating metastasis-related proteins. Moreover, gambogenic acid increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy and has shown effects on multidrug resistance in malignancy. This review adds insights for the prevention and treatment of cancers using gambogenic acid.
Gut Microbiota and Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Yang Kun , He Hongxia , Dong Wenbin
Published: February 2024

Objective To characterize the relationship between gut microbiota and neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers based on the gut-kidney axis.

Study Design The Pubmed database was primarily searched to include relevant literature on gut microbiota and neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers, which was subsequently organized and analyzed and a manuscript was written.

Results Gut microbiota was associated with neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers. These biomarkers included TIMP-2, IGFBP-7, VEGF, calbindin, GST, B2MG, ghrelin, and clusterin.

Conclusion The gut microbiota is strongly associated with neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers, and controlling the gut microbiota may be a potential target for ameliorating neonatal acute kidney injury.

Key Points
Neonatal Outcomes among Fetuses with an Abdominal Circumference <3rd %ile and Estimated Fetal Weight 3rd to 9th %ile Compared to Fetuses with an EFW <3rd %ile
Authors: Horgan Rebecca , Nehme Lea , Jensen Hannah J. , Shah Anika P. , Saal Ryan , Onishi Kazuma , Kawakita Tetsuya , Martins Juliana G. , Abuhamad Alfred
Published: February 2024

Objective Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as an estimated fetal weight (EFW) or abdominal circumference (AC) <10th percentile (%ile) for gestational age (GA). An EFW <3rd %ile for GA is considered severe FGR (sFGR). It remains unknown if fetuses with isolated AC <3rd %ile should be considered sFGR. Our primary objective was to assess composite neonatal outcomes in fetuses with an AC <3rd %ile and overall EFW 3rd to 9th %ile compared with those with an EFW <3rd %ile.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study was undertaken at a tertiary academic center from January 2016 to December 2021. Inclusion criteria were singleton fetuses with an EFW <3rd %ile (Group 1) or AC <3rd %ile with EFW 3rd to 9th %ile (Group 2) at 28 weeks' gestation or greater. Exclusion criteria were multiple gestations, presence of a major fetal anomaly, resolution of FGR, genetic syndrome, or infection. Composite neonatal outcome was defined by any of the following: neonatal intensive care unit admission >48 hours, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, retinopathy of prematurity, seizures, intraventricular hemorrhage, stillbirth, or death before discharge. Small for gestational age (SGA) was defined as birth weight <10th %ile for GA.

Results A total of 743 patients fulfilled our study criteria, with 489 in Group 1 and 254 in Group 2. The composite neonatal outcome occurred in 281 (57.5%) neonates in Group 1 and 53 (20.9%) in Group 2 (p < 0.01). The rates of SGA at birth were 94.9 and 75.6% for Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (OR 5.99, 95% confidence interval 3.65–9.82).

Conclusion Although AC <3rd %ile with EFW 3rd to 9th %ile is associated with a lower frequency of SGA and neonatal morbidity than EFW <3 %ile, fetuses with AC <3 %ile still exhibited moderate rates of these adverse perinatal outcomes. Consideration should be given to inclusion of an AC <3rd %ile with EFW 3rd to 9th %ile as a criterion for sFGR. However, prospective studies comparing delivery at 37 versus 38 to 39 weeks' gestation are needed to ensure improved outcomes before widespread adaptation in clinical practice.

Key Points
Are Racial Disparities in Cesarean Due to Differences in Labor Induction Management?
Authors: Hamm Rebecca F. , McCoy Jennifer A. , Clark Rebecca R.S. , Parry Samuel , Levine Lisa D.
Published: February 2024

Objective While there are known racial disparities in cesarean delivery (CD) rates, the exact etiologies for these disparities are multifaceted. We aimed to determine if differences in induction of labor (IOL) management contribute to these disparities.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study evaluated all nulliparous patients with an unfavorable cervix and intact membranes who underwent IOL of a term, singleton gestation at a single institution from October 1, 2018, to September 30, 2020. IOL management was at clinician discretion. Patients were classified as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) or White based on self-report. Overall rates of CD were compared for BIPOC versus White race. Chart review then evaluated various IOL management strategies as possible contributors to differences in CD by race.

Results Of 1,261 eligible patients, 915 (72.6%) identified as BIPOC and 346 (27.4%) as White. BIPOC patients were more likely to be younger (26 years interquartile range (IQR): [22–30] vs. 32 years IQR: [30–35], p < 0.001) and publicly insured (59.1 vs. 9.9%, p < 0.001). Indication for IOL and modified Bishop score also differed by race (p < 0.001; p = 0.006). There was 40% increased risk of CD for BIPOC patients, even when controlling for confounders (30.7 vs. 21.7%, p = 0.001; adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.06–1.86]). Despite this difference in CD, there were no identifiable differences in IOL management prior to decision for CD by race. Specifically, there were no differences in choice of cervical ripening agent, cervical dilation at or time to amniotomy, use and maximum dose of oxytocin, or dilation at CD. However, BIPOC patients were more likely to undergo CD for fetal indications and failed IOL.

Conclusion BIPOC nulliparas are 40% more likely to undergo CD during IOL than White patients within our institution. These data suggest that the disparity is not explained by differences in IOL management prior to cesarean, indicating that biases outside of induction management may be important to target to reduce CD disparities.

Key Points
Anticoagulation Stewardship to Bridge the Implementation Gap in Perioperative Anticoagulation Management
Authors: Tafur Alfonso J. , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Bhagirath Vinai C. , Douketis James
Published: February 2024

Lack of alignment of care protocols among providers in health care is a driver of increased costs and suboptimal patient outcomes. Perioperative anticoagulation management is a good example of a complex area where protocol creation is a clinical challenge that demands input from multiple experts. Questions regarding the need for anticoagulation interruptions are frequent. Yet, due to layers of complexity involving analysis of anticoagulation indication, surgical risk, and anesthesia-associated bleeding risk as well as institutional practices, there is heterogeneity in how these interruptions are approached. The recent perioperative anticoagulation guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians summarize extensive evidence for the management of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications in patients who undergo elective interventions. However, implementation of these guidelines by individual clinicians is highly varied and often does not follow the best available clinical evidence. Against this background, anticoagulation stewardship units, which exist to improve safety and quality monitoring for the anticoagulated patient, are of growing interest. These units provide a bridge for the implementation of value-based, high-quality guidelines for patients who need perioperative anticoagulation interruption. We use a case to pragmatically illustrate the problem and tactics for change management and implementation science that may facilitate the adoption of perioperative anticoagulation guidelines.
Right Ventricular Structure and Function in Adolescent Athletes: A 3D
Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Ujvári Adrienn , Fábián Alexandra , Lakatos Bálint , Tokodi Márton , Ladányi Zsuzsanna , Sydó Nóra , Csulak Emese , Vágó Hajnalka , Juhász Vencel , Grebur Kinga , Szűcs Andrea , Zámodics Márk , Babity Máté , Kiss Orsolya , Merkely Béla , Kovács Attila
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to characterize the right ventricular (RV) contraction
pattern and its associations with exercise capacity in a large cohort of
adolescent athletes using resting three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). We
enrolled 215 adolescent athletes (16±1 years, 169 males, 12±6 hours of
training/week) and compared them to 38 age and sex-matched healthy, sedentary
adolescents. We measured the 3DE-derived biventricular ejection fractions (EF).
We also determined the relative contributions of longitudinal EF (LEF/RVEF) and
radial EF (REF/RVEF) to the RVEF. Same-day cardiopulmonary exercise testing was
performed to calculate VO2/kg. Both LV and RVEFs were significantly
lower (athletes vs. controls; LVEF: 57±4 vs 61±3, RVEF: 55±5 vs 60±5%,
p<0.001). Interestingly, while the relative contribution of radial shortening
to the global RV EF was also reduced (REF/RVEF: 0.40±0.10 vs 0.49±0.06,
p<0.001), the contribution of the longitudinal contraction was significantly
higher in athletes (LEF/RVEF: 0.45±0.08 vs 0.40±0.07, p<0.01). The
supernormal longitudinal shortening correlated weakly with a higher
VO2/kg (r=0.138, P=0.044). Similarly to the adult athlete’s
heart, the cardiac adaptation of adolescent athletes comprises higher
biventricular volumes and lower resting functional measures with supernormal RV
longitudinal shortening. Characteristic exercise-induced structural and
functional cardiac changes are already present in adolescence.
‘Transference is love’: Love and the logical impossibility of collective life in Lacan and Simmel
Authors: Smith Daniel R.
Published: February 2024

This article argues that Freud’s concept of ‘transference-love’ – the phenomenon where patients fall in love with their psychoanalysts – could become the basis for a theory of collective life. Freud’s radical claim that transference-love, despite its immoral appearance, is real love is situated in relation to the problems facing the sociology of romantic love: modern couples are problematised for being unable to provide a normative foundation for not only sexual desire, but social solidarity outright. This article restates the problem: transference is not a lesson in how love resists norms, but how love is resistant to logic. Transference-love arises out of a social condition Georg Simmel called life’s fragmentary character, marked by asymmetries appearing symmetrical: instead of transference being a case where we fall in love with the wrong person, transference is a case where our mistaken apprehensions of others is the precondition for our bonds to them. Viewed through the phenomenon of transference, love illuminates this asymmetrical form of life. It is argued that transference could be understood, sociologically, as demonstrating a logical impossibility to collective life: that a shared life together is possible, but nevertheless relies upon something that evades each of us.
Exploring user interaction patterns in an online physician interactive community based on exponential random graph models
Authors: Liu Jingfang , Zeng Yu
Published: February 2024

The online physician interactive community (OPIC) is a platform designed for medical workers to discuss medical issues. Physician users can create content in OPIC by posting and replying to posts to discuss the solutions of medical problems with other users. The OPIC plays an important role in bringing together physicians from different medical specialties and disseminating medical experience. However, most OPIC users are not very active in replying to posts, which makes it difficult to fulfill users’ needs for medical information exchange and the development of OPIC is difficult. Current research has given little attention to the communication of physician users in the OPIC. It is necessary to examine how reposting links are established between users in OPIC. This study builds a user interaction network based on the perspective of social network analysis using user repost data from a well-known OPIC in China. Then, an exponential random graph model (ERGM) was applied to quantitatively analyze this user interaction network. Some reposting patterns among OPIC users were discovered. There is significant reciprocity in OPIC of reposting interactions between users. Users with homogeneous characteristics in terms of professional status, community honor status, and geographic location were more likely to interact with each other. In addition, users who added a profile, had a higher level of social effort, and generated more neutral content were more likely to receive responses from others. This study reveals the interaction patterns between physician users in OPIC, which enriches the related research within the OPIC domain and helps to improve communication between users in OPIC.
Polarization of disk electrodes in high-conductivity electrolyte solutions
Authors: Yamamoto Kenneth K. , Koklu Anil , Beskok Ali , Ajaev Vladimir S.
Published: February 2024

We investigate the polarization of disk electrodes immersed in an electrolyte solution and subjected to a small external AC voltage over a wide range of frequencies. A mathematical model is developed based on the Debye–Falkenhagen approximation to the coupled Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations. Analytical techniques are used for predicting the spatial distribution of the electric potential and the complex impedance of the system. Scales for impedance and frequency are identified, which lead to a self-similar behavior for a range of frequencies. Experiments are conducted with gold electrodes of sizes in the range 100–350 μm immersed in a high-conductivity KCl solution over five orders of magnitude in frequency. A collapse of data on impedance magnitude and phase angle onto universal curves is observed with scalings motivated by the mathematical model. A direct comparison with the approximate analytical formula for impedance is made without any fitting parameters, and a good agreement is found for the range of frequencies where the analytical model is valid.
Phase transitions in HfO2 probed by first-principles computations
Authors: Kingsland Maggie , Lisenkov S. , Najmaei Sina , Ponomareva I.
Published: February 2024

Ever since ferroelectricity was discovered in HfO2, the question of its origin remains controversial. Here, we probe this question using a combination of Landau theory of phase transitions and first-principles computations. In such an approach, the energy landscape associated with the phase transition between cubic and different experimentally demonstrated phases of HfO2 (tetragonal, monoclinic, orthorhombic Pbca, orthorhombic Pnma, and orthorhombic Pca21) is explored using density functional theory calculations. Computations revealed that stabilization of all but orthorhombic Pbca phase is driven by a single unstable zone-boundary antipolar mode X2−. When coupled with zone-center modes (Γ1+ and Γ3+), it stabilizes the tetragonal phase. Coupling with four additional modes (Γ5+, X3−, X5−, X5+) results in the monoclinic phase, which is the ground state of the material. If, however, Γ5+ mode is replaced with Γ4− mode, orthorhombic polar phase Pca21 is stabilized. The application of this framework to examine the effect of electric field on the ferroelectric phase of hafnia reveals that the field of 5 MV/cm is capable of stabilizing ferroelectric phase over the monoclinic one at 0 K.
High-precision measurement of the complex magneto-optical Kerr effect using weak measurement
Authors: Li Tong , Wang Yunhan , Jiang Yinghang , Zhang Sijie , Luo Lan , Zhang Zhiyou
Published: February 2024

The present paper introduces a quantum weak measurement (WM) scheme for the measurement of the complex magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). We achieve the simultaneous measurement of the Kerr rotation angle and the ellipticity in a single WM process by utilizing two auxiliary pointers derived from the same meter state. The experimental measurement precision for both the Kerr rotation angle and the ellipticity is capable of reaching 10−4 deg. This technique is also employed for the determination of the complex magneto-optical constant Q. The proposed method overcomes the limitation of acquiring the complex magneto-optical Kerr parameters through a multi-step measurement process, which was previously encountered. This breakthrough holds immense significance for efficiently measuring and applying the complex MOKE with high precision and cost-effectiveness.
Impact of divertor neutral pressure on confinement degradation of advanced tokamak scenarios at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Silvagni D. , Dunne M. , Luda T. , Bock A. , Burckhart A. , Fischer R. , Griener M. , McDermott R. M. , Plank U. , Pütterich T. , Reisner M. , Stober J. , Tal B. , Tardini G. , Zohm H. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: February 2024

Over previous campaigns, an intense experimental program on advanced tokamak (AT) scenarios, has been carried out at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak with full-tungsten wall. These discharges have been executed shortly after the boronization of the first wall to reduce the density and the impurity influx. The confinement level of such AT discharges was found to vary considerably, even when discharges with similar, if not identical, engineering parameters were carried out. This work investigates the causes of such confinement variations. Among all plasma quantities analyzed, confinement quality of AT scenarios correlates best with divertor neutral pressure, highlighting the key role of edge and scrape-off layer physics in determining global plasma confinement. In particular, it is found that the main cause of confinement degradation is the reduction of pedestal stability, which is in turn caused by the outward shift of the maximum density gradient position typically observed when the divertor neutral pressure increases. Owing to the low density of AT discharges under analysis, the movement of the maximum density gradient position can be caused entirely by changes in deuterium outgassing from the wall, which is strongly influenced by the boron layer deposited on the plasma-facing components and by the deuterium wall inventory. Finally, the predictive capability of confinement quality with the integrated model IMEP [Luda et al., Nucl. Fusion 60, 036023 (2020)] is tested on these discharges and shows promising results.
Inverse-designed broadband low-loss grating coupler on thick lithium-niobate-on-insulator platform
Authors: Xie Yijun , Nie Mingming , Huang Shu-Wei
Published: February 2024

A grating coupler on 700-nm-thick Z-cut lithium-niobate-on-insulator platform with high coupling efficiency, large bandwidth, and high fabrication tolerance is designed and optimized by inverse design method. The optimized grating coupler is fabricated with a single set of e-beam lithography and etching process, and it is experimentally characterized to possess peak coupling efficiency of −3.8 dB at 1574.93 nm, 1 dB bandwidth of 71.7 nm, and 3 dB bandwidth of over 120 nm, respectively.
Electron energization in reconnection: Eulerian vs Lagrangian perspectives
Authors: TenBarge Jason M. , Juno James , Howes Gregory G.
Published: February 2024

Particle energization due to magnetic reconnection is an important unsolved problem for myriad space and astrophysical plasmas. Electron energization in magnetic reconnection has traditionally been examined from a particle, or Lagrangian, perspective using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Guiding-center analyses of ensembles of PIC particles have suggested that Fermi (curvature drift) acceleration and direct acceleration via the reconnection electric field are the primary electron energization mechanisms. However, both PIC guiding-center ensemble analyses and spacecraft observations are performed in an Eulerian perspective. For this work, we employ the continuum Vlasov–Maxwell solver within the Gkeyll simulation framework to reexamine electron energization from a kinetic continuum, Eulerian, perspective. We separately examine the contribution of each drift energization component to determine the dominant electron energization mechanisms in a moderate guide-field Gkeyll reconnection simulation. In the Eulerian perspective, we find that the diamagnetic and agyrotropic drifts are the primary electron energization mechanisms away from the reconnection x-point, where direct acceleration dominates. We compare the Eulerian (Vlasov Gkeyll) results with the wisdom gained from Lagrangian (PIC) analyses.
Simulating the operation of a quantum computer in a dissipative environment
Authors: Zhang Shuocang , Chen Yinjia , Shi Qiang
Published: February 2024

The operations of current quantum computers are still significantly affected by decoherence caused by interaction with the environment. In this work, we employ the non-perturbative hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) method to simulate the operation of model quantum computers and reveal the effects of dissipation on the entangled quantum states and on the performance of well-known quantum algorithms. Multi-qubit entangled states in Shor’s factorizing algorithm are first generated and propagated using the HEOM. It is found that the failure of factorization is accompanied by a loss of fidelity and mutual information. An important challenge in using the HEOM to simulate quantum computers in a dissipative environment is how to efficiently treat systems with many qubits. We propose a two-dimensional tensor network scheme for this problem and demonstrate its capability by simulating a one-dimensional random circuit model with 21 qubits.
Aerodynamic shape optimization using design-variables-screening method
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Duan Yanhui , Wang Guangxue , Chen Hongbo , Zhang Chenliang
Published: February 2024

Aerodynamic shape optimization involving a complex geometric model or problem may have tens or hundreds of design variables, necessitating multiple accurate but time-consuming computational fluid dynamics simulations to produce optimal designs, which greatly affects the efficiency of optimization and. To address this challenge, this article proposes an efficient optimization method based on design-variables-screening. Within the framework of the method, a complicated input–output relationship is broken down into quantitative effects. The influence of design variables on the objective function is calculated by the Kriging regression model and functional analysis of variance. In the meantime, a screening strategy is proposed to facilitate the selection of design variables for optimization. The less important design variables in the problems of interest are fixed so that the dimensionality of the problems is reduced to save computational cost. Experimental results on the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics airfoil (NACA0012) demonstrate that the simplified model with the screening strategy achieves nearly the same reduction in drag coefficient as the conventional method that optimizes all design variables. Moreover, it significantly enhances the efficiency of optimization and contributes to the enhancement of flow stability.
PBr3 adsorption on a chlorinated Si(100) surface with mono- and bivacancies
Authors: Pavlova T. V. , Shevlyuga V. M.
Published: February 2024

For the most precise incorporation of single impurities in silicon, which is utilized to create quantum devices, a monolayer of adatoms on the Si(100) surface and a dopant-containing molecule are used. Here, we studied the interaction of phosphorus tribromide with a chlorine monolayer with mono- and bivacancies using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at 77 K. The combination of different halogens in the molecule and the adsorbate layer enabled unambiguous identification of the structures after PBr3 dissociation on Si(100)-Cl. A Cl monolayer was exposed to PBr3 in the STM chamber, which allows us to compare the same surface areas before and after PBr3 adsorption. As a result of this comparison, we detected small changes in the chlorine layer and unraveled the molecular fragments filling mono- and bivacancies. Using density functional theory, we found that the phosphorus atom occupies a bridge position after dissociation of the PBr3 molecule, which primarily bonds with silicon in Cl bivacancies. These findings provide insight into the interaction of a dopant-containing molecule with an adsorbate monolayer on Si(100) and can be applied to improve the process of single impurity incorporation into silicon.
Multi-feed high-gain Huygens’ metasurface for microwave power transmission
Authors: Su Dongping , Zhang Huaiqing , Xiao Hui , Song Wei , Lu Weiguo , Peng Wenxiong , Wang Xin
Published: February 2024

We propose a multi-feed Huygens’ metasurface (HMS) transmitarray designed for microwave power transmission applications. A near-field distributed optimization mechanism is employed to determine the optimal focal lengths of subarrays. We aim to balance between illumination efficiency and interference from incident waves, leveraging the conjugate field matching method for precise phase compensation. This approach ensures robust radiation performance, notably reducing the focus-to-diameter ratio for large-aperture antenna arrays. Consequently, it mitigates spatial dispersion effects and upholds the operational bandwidth of mega antennas. As a proof of concept, we have designed a single-layer HMS transmitarray measuring 1.14 × 1.14 m2 (22 λ at 5.8 GHz). Through simulation, we have attained a peak gain of 35.47 dB and an aperture efficiency of 57.73%. Our design exhibits outstanding radiation performance, combined with advantages, such as a low profile, cost-effectiveness, and scalability.
Integrating spatio-positional series attention to deep network for multi-turbine short-term wind power prediction
Authors: Wang Qianyue , Si Gangquan , Qu Kai , Shan Zihan , Gong Jiahui , Yang Chen
Published: February 2024

Multi-turbine wind power (WP) prediction contributes to wind turbine (WT) management and refined wind farm operations. However, the intricate and dynamic nature of the interrelationships among WTs hinders the full exploration of their potential in improving prediction. This paper proposes a novel spatio-positional series attention long short-term memory (SPSA-LSTM) method, which extracts the hidden correlations and temporal features from wind speed (WS) and WP historical data of different WTs for high-precision short-term prediction. Using embedding techniques, we incorporate crucial spatial location information of WTs into time series, enhancing the model's representative capability. Furthermore, we employ a self-attention mechanism with strong relational modeling capability to extract the correlation features among time series. This approach possesses remarkable learning abilities, enabling the thorough exploration of the complex interdependencies within inputs. Consequently, each WT is endowed with a comprehensive dataset comprising attention scores from all other WTs and its own WS and WP. The LSTM fuses these features and extracts temporal patterns, ultimately generating the WP prediction outputs. Experiments conducted on 20 WTs demonstrate that our method significantly surpasses other baselines. Ablation experiments provide further evidence to support the effectiveness of the approach in leveraging spatial embedding to optimize prediction performance.