bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weissella
Authors: Björkroth Johanna , Dicks Leon M.T. , Holzapfel Wilhelm. H.
Published: July 2015

Weiss.el'la. N.L. dim. fem. n. named after Norbert Weiss, a German microbiologist known for his many research contributions to the taxonomy of the lactic acid bacteria.

Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / “Lactobacillales” / “Leuconostocaceae” / Weissella

The description for the genus is as published by Collins et al. (1993). The cells are
either short rods with rounded tapered ends
(see Figure 120 for
Weissella cibaria
)
or ovoid
and occur in pairs or in short chains. A tendency toward pleomorphism may be found for strains in species such as
Weissella minor
(see Figure 121).
Gram‐stain‐positive
,
nonmotile
,
and asporogenous
. Chemo‐organotrophic, facultatively anaerobic, catalase‐negative, and devoid of cytochromes. Obligately fermentative chemo‐organotrophs;
ferment glucose heterofermentatively
and have
complex nutritional requirements
. The genus
Weissella
belongs to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) because of their metabolism and phylogenetic position. Carbohydrate fermentation via the hexose‐monophosphate and the phosphoketolase pathways. End products of glucose fermentation are CO
2
, ethanol, and/or acetate. The configuration of lactic acid is either
DL
‐ or
D
(−), depending on the species. Amino acids, peptides, fermentable carbohydrates, fatty acids, nucleic acids, and vitamins are generally required for growth. Biotin, nicotine, thiamine, and pantothenic acid or its derivatives are required by all strains. Arginine is not hydrolyzed by all species. Growth occurs at 15 °C, with some species growing at 42–45 °C. Cell‐wall peptidoglycan is based on lysine as diamino acid, and, with the exception of
Weissella kandleri
, all contain alanine or alanine and serine in the interpeptide bridge. In addition, the interpeptide bridge of
Weissella kandleri
(Lys–
L
‐Ala–Gly–
L
‐Ala
2
) contains glycine (Holzapfel and van Wyk, 1 9 8 2). The phenotypic characteristics of
Weissella
spp. are listed in Table 128.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 37–47 (
T
m
and Bd).

Type species
:
Weissella viridescens
(Niven and Evans, 1957) Collins, Samelis, Metaxopoulos and Wallbanks 1994, 370
VP
(Effective publication: Collins, Samelis, Metaxopoulos and Wallbanks 1993, 601.) (
Lactobacillus viridescens
Niven and Evans 1957, 758;
Lactobacillus corynoides
subsp.
corynoides
Kandler and Abo‐Elnaga 1966, 753)
Lactovum
Authors: Drake Harold L.
Published: July 2015

Lact.o'vum. L. n.
lac
(gen.
lactis
) milk. L. neut. n.
ovum
egg; N.L. neut. n.
Lactovum
egg from milk (to indicate that the capacity to form lactate yields egg‐shaped cells).

Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / “Lactobacillales” / Streptococcaceae / Lactovum

Gram‐stain‐positive,
mesophilic
,
anaerobic
with an
aerotolerant
,
chemo‐organotrophic
, fermentative metabolism. Cells are ovoid, do not form spores, and lack flagella (Figure 126).

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 37.6 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Lactovum miscens
Matthies, Gössner, Acker, Schramm and Drake 2005, 547
VP
(Effective publication: Matthies, Gössner, Acker, Schramm and Drake 2004, 853.)
Alkaliphilus
Authors: Takai Ken
Published: July 2015

Al.ka.li'phil.us. N.L. n.
alkali
alkali; Gr. adj.
philos
loving; N.L. masc. n.
alkaliphilus
bacterium liking alkaline environments.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Alkaliphilus

Straight to slightly curved rods
, 0.4–0.7 × 2.0–6.0 µm. Gram‐stain‐positive and endosporeforming. The cells exhibit motility with flagella. Slightly halophilic and mesophilic with optimum growth at 35–40 °C.
Strictly anaerobic
,
and neutrophilic to alkaliphilic heterotrophs
. Proteinaceous substrates such as yeast extract, peptone, and tryptone are utilized as energy and carbon sources.
Fermentation and
/
or respiration of organic substrates in the presence and
/

or absence of the electron acceptors such as S
0

,
thiosulfate
,
fumarate
,
crotonate
,
Fe
(
III
),
Co
(
III
),
or Cr
(
VI
) supports growth. Predominant cellular fatty acids are variable among the species but C
14:0
, C
14:1
, C
15:0 iso
, C
16:0
, C

16:1 ω7
c

are major components. Cell walls contain
m
‐diaminopimelic acid, glycine, aspartate, glutamate, and ribose. Isolated from a deep‐subsurface alkaline environment, an aerobic digester of wastewater, and a boron‐rich leachate pond.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 30.6–36.4.

Type species
:
Alkaliphilus transvaalensis
Takai, Moser, Onstott, Spoelstra, Pfiffner, Dohnalkova and Fredrickson 2001, 1245
VP
.
Anaerobacter
Authors:   The Editorial Board
Published: July 2015

An.ae.ro.bac'ter. Gr. pref.
an
‐ not; Gr. masc. n.
aer
air; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
the equiv. of Gr. neut. dim. n.
bakterion
small rod, staff; N.L. masc. n.
Anaerobacter
rod not [living] in air.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Anaerobacter

Cells are
thick rods, ovals or spheres
, depending upon the growth conditions. Oval and spherical cells
form three or more endospores per cell. Gram‐stain‐positive
cell‐wall structure.

Obligate anaerobe that ferments carbohydrates and fixes N
2

. Nonmotile. Sulfate and nitrate are not reduced. Nitrite is reduced to ammonia in a dissimilatory process.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 29.

Type species
:
Anaerobacter polyendosporus
Duda, Lebedinsky, Mushegjan and Mitjushina 1996, 625
VP
(Effective publication: Duda, Lebedinsky, Mushegjan and Mitjushina 1987, 127.).
Caloranaerobacter
Authors: Barbier Georges , Wery Nathalie
Published: July 2015

Ca.lor.an.ae.ro.bac'ter. L. n.
calor
heat; Gr. pref.
an
not; Gr. n.
aer
air; N.L.
bacter
masc. equiv. of Gr. neut. dim. n.
bakterion
small rod or staff; N.L. masc. n.
Caloranaerobacter
a thermophilic, anaerobic rod

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Caloranaerobacter

Motile rod‐shaped
cells. Under optimal conditions are short rods, about 0.3–0.5 × 0.5–2 µm, found singly, in pairs, or in short chains (less than 5 cells).
Gram‐stain‐negative. Thermophilic
; temperature range for growth 45–65 °C, optimum growth at 65 °C.
Adapted to the pH and salinity of ocean waters
. pH range 5.5–9.0, optimum pH 7.0. Salinity range 10–100 g sea salts per liter, optimum 30 g sea salts per liter.
Anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic
, able to ferment carbohydrates and proteinaceous substrates. Sulfur not required for growth. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis presented in the roadmap to Volume 3 (Figure 5),
Caloranaerobacter
is located in the family
Clostridiaceae
, order
Clostridiales
, class
Clostridia
, in the phylum
Firmicutes
; formerly, it was classified in cluster XII of the
Clostridium
subphylum (Collins et al., 1 9 9 4).

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 27 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Caloranaerobacter azorensis
Wery, Moricet, Cueff, Jean, Pignet, Lesongeur, Cambon‐Bonavita and Barbier 2 0 0 1, 1795
VP
.
Caminicella
Authors: Rainey Fred A.
Published: July 2015

Ca.mi'ni.cel'la. L. gen. n.
camini
of a chimney, relating to the hydrothermal chimney origin; L. fem. n.
cella
cell; N.L. fem. n.
caminicella
cell from a hydrothermal chimney.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Caminicella

Gram‐stain‐negative. Motile, sporeforming, rod‐shaped cells. Thermophilic. Adapted to the pH and salinity of the ocean. Anaerobic and heterotrophic. Ferments proteinaceous substrates and carbohydrates. Member of the family
Clostridiaceae
based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons (Figure 1).

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 24.2.

Type species
:
Caminicella sporogenes
Alain, Pignet, Zbinden, Quillevere, Duchiron, Donval, Lesongeur, Raguenes, Crassous, Querellou and Cambon‐Bonavita 2002, 1627
VP
.
Natronincola
Authors: Zhilina Tatjana N. , Zavarzin George A.
Published: July 2015

Nat.ron'in.co.la. N.Gr. n.natron(arbitrarily derived from Ar. n.natrunornatron) soda; L. masc. or fem. n.incolainhabitant, dweller; N.L. masc. n.Natronincolaan organism indigenous to soda deposits.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Natronincola

Cells are rod‐shaped,flexible,and motile by peritrichous flagella.The cell wallhas aGram‐stain‐positivestructure.Obligately anaerobic.Chemo‐organotrophicwith fermentative metabolism.Certain amino acids(and pyruvate by some strains) areutilizedas a sole source of energy,using CO‐dehydrogenase pathway,with acetate as a main product. Ammonium is formed in large quantities as the product.Moderately halophilic and extremely alkaliphilic.Obligately dependent on Na+and CO32−ions.Endosporesmay beproducedbysome strains.

DNA G+C content(mol%): 31.9–32.3 (Tm).

Type species:Natronincola histidinovoranscorrig. Zhilina, Detkova, Rainey, Osipov, Lysenko, Kostrikina and Zavarzin 1999, 1VP(Effective publication: Zhilina, Detkova, Rainey, Osipov, Lysenko, Kostrikina and Zavarzin 1998, 183.).
Oxobacter
Authors: Rainey Fred A.
Published: July 2015

Ok.so.bac'ter. Gr. n.
oxos
vinegar; Gr neut. dim. n.
bakterion
small rod; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
small rod; N.L. masc. n.
Oxobacter
acetogenic rod.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Oxobacter

Gram‐stain‐positive rod‐shaped
cells.
Spores
are oval, subterminal to terminal.
Obligate anaerobe
. End products from pyruvate catabolism are acetate and CO
2
; from catabolism of CO are acetate and butyrate; from catabolism of methoxybenzenoids are butyrate and hydroxybenzenoids. Sugars, amino acids, organic acids and alcohol are not utilized as energy sources.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 38.0 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Oxobacter pfennigii
(Krumholz and Bryant 1985) Collins, Lawson, Willems, Cordoba, Fernandez‐Garayzabal, Garcia, Cai, Hippe and Farrow 1994, 822
VP
(
Clostridium pfennigii
Krumholz and Bryant 1985, 455).
Tindallia
Authors: Pikuta Elena V.
Published: July 2015

Tin.dal'li.a. N.L. fem. n.
Tindallia
derived from the name of Brian J. Tindall, who pioneered the study of alkaliphilic micro‐organisms in Lake Magadi.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Tindallia

Cells are
slightly curved rods
, with
rounded and slightly pointed ends (Figure 1, top)
. Cells occur
singly, in pairs, or in short chains
; size is
0.4–0.7 × 1.2–5.0 µm. Gram‐stain‐positive. Motile. Asporogenous or oligospore forming. Endospores are round or oval
and
located in cells subterminally, terminally, or centrally. Sporangium is not swollen
. The ultrastructure of cell surfaces has
S‐layers. Obligate anaerobes and catalase‐negative
. Dissipotrophs and
chemoorganoheterotrophs
with
fermentative metabolism
or
respiration
by the

Stikland reaction. Halotolerant alkaliphiles, no growth below pH 7.0. Obligately dependent on Na
+
ions. Mesophilic. Acetogenic ammonifiers. The homoacetic

or
acetyl‐coenzyme A‐CO‐dehydrogenase pathway
participates in metabolism.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 37.6–44.4.

Type species
:
Tindallia magadiensis
corrig. Kevbrin, Zhilina, Rainey and Zavarzin 1999, 2
VP
(Effective publication:
Tindallia Magadii
Kevbrin, Zhilina, Rainey and Zavarzin 1998, 100.).
Alkalibacter
Authors: Garnova Elena S. , Zhilina Tatjana N.
Published: July 2015

Al.ka.li.bac'ter. Ar. def. art.
al
the; Ar. n.
qaliy
ashes of saltwort; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
(from Gr. n.
baktron
) a rod; N.L. masc. n.
Alkalibacter
alkaliphilic rod.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / “Eubacteriaceae” / Alkalibacter

Rod‐shaped cells
, 0.5 × 1.5–2.5 µm, with
Gram‐stain‐positive
cell‐wall structure. Nonmotile. Asporogenous.
Strictly anaerobic
, catalase negative.
Obligately alkaliphilic and halotolerant
; growth obligately depends on sodium carbonates or chlorides.
Chemoorganoheterotroph
; consumes mono‐ and disaccharides, sugar alcohols, and proteinaceous substrates as energy sources. Glucose is fermented to acetate, ethanol, formate, H
2
, and CO
2
. Requires yeast extract as a possible source of nitrogen and sulfur. Habitats are saline‐carbonate lakes. The genus is monotypic.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 40.8–42.1.

Type species
:
Alkalibacter saccharofermentans
Garnova, Zhilina, Tourova, Kostrikina and Zavarzin 2005, 983
VP
(Effective publication: Garnova, Zhilina,Tourova, Kostrikina and Zavarzin 2004, 315.).
Anaerofustis
Authors: Lawson Paul A.
Published: July 2015

An.a.e.ro.fus'tis. Gr. pref.
an
without; Gr. masc. n.
aer
air; L. masc. n.
fustis
stick; N.L. masc. n.
Anaerofustis
stick living without air.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / “Eubacteriaceae” / Anaerofustis

Cells are rod‐shaped
, stain Gram‐positive, and do not form spores.
Strictly anaerobic and catalase‐negative
. Resistant to 20% bile. Some carbohydrates are fermented.
End products of metabolism from glucose peptone‐yeast extract broth are acetic and butyric acids
. Esculin is not hydrolyzed.
Lipase‐, lecithinase‐, and urease‐negative
. Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite. Indole‐negative. The predominant long‐chain cellular fatty acids consist of a complex mixture of straight‐chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and dimethyl acetals (DMAs), with C
14:0
, C
16:0
, C

18:1
cis
9

, and C

18:1
cis
9

DMA predominating.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 70.

Type species
:
Anaerofustis stercorihominis
Finegold, Lawson, Vaisanen, Molitoris, Song, Liu and Collins 2004, 1005
VP
(Effective publication: Finegold, Lawson, Vaisanen, Molitoris, Song, Liu and Collins 2004, 44.)
Garciella
Authors: Miranda‐Tello Elizabeth , Fardeau Marie‐Laure , Ollivier Bernard , Alazard Didier
Published: July 2015

Gar.ci.el'la. L. dim. ending ‐ella; N.L. fem. n.Garciellanamed in honor of the French microbiologist Jean‐Louis Garcia for his important contribution to the taxonomy of anaerobes.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / “Eubacteriaceae” / Garciella

Cells arestraight rods, 0.5–0.7 µm × 1.4–2.8 µm, occurring singly or in pairs. Motile by means of one subpolar flagellum.Terminal sporesappear in old cultures.Gram‐stain‐positive. Obligately anaerobic. Moderately thermophilic and halotolerant. The optimum growth temperature is 55°C, optimum NaCl concentration is 1%, and optimum pH is 7.5.Chemo‐organotrophic growth. Ferments sugars. Lactate, acetate, butyrate, H2, and CO2are products of glucose metabolism.Thiosulfate is reduced to sulfide, and nitrate is reduced to ammonium. Elemental sulfur, sulfite, sulfate, fumarate, and nitrite are not used as electron acceptors.

DNA G+C content(mol%): 30.9.

Type species:Garciella nitratireducensMiranda‐Tello, Fardeau, Sepulveda, Fernandez, Cayol, Thomas and Ollivier 2003, 1512VP.
Pseudoramibacter
Authors: Willems Anne , Collins Matthew D.
Published: July 2015

Pseu.do.ra.mi.bac'ter. Gr. adj.
pseudes
false; L. masc. n.
ramus
a branch; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
the equivalent of Gr. neut. n.
baktron
rod, staff; N.L. masc. n.
Pseudoramibacter
false branching rod.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / “Eubacteriaceae” / Pseudoramibacter

Strictly anaerobic, catalase‐negative, Gram‐stain‐positive, nonsporeforming rods. Nonmotile
. Cells occur in pairs resembling flying birds, short‐chains, clumps, or Chinese characters. Growth is stimulated by fermentable carbohydrates.
Fermentation end products are formate, acetate, butyrate, caproate and hydrogen gas. The cell‐wall murein is of type A
, containing
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid as the dibasic acid.
Pseudoramibacter
belongs to cluster XV of the
Clostridium
subphylum of the Gram‐positive bacteria (Collins et al., 1994) together with
Acetobacterium
and
Eubacterium
.

Type species
:
Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus
(Prévot and Taffanel 1942) Willems and Collins 1996, 1086
VP
.
Gracilibacter
Authors: Lee Yong‐Jin , Wiegel Juergen
Published: July 2015

Gra.ci.li.bac'ter. L. adj.
gracilis
slender; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
equivalent of Gr. neut. n.
baktron
rod or staff; N.L. masc. n.
Gracilibacter
slender rod, referring to its cell shape.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / “Gracilibacteraceae” / Gracilibacter

Gram‐positive cell‐wall structure, but stains Gram‐negative. Slightly polymorphic rods. Obligately anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic, and thermotolerant
. No spores have been observed under various conditions tested. Not resistant to heating at 80 °C for 10 min.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 43.

Type species
:
Gracilibacter thermotolerans
Lee, Romanek, Mills, Davis, Whitman and Wiegel 2006, 2092
VP
.
Heliorestis
Authors: Madigan Michael T.
Published: July 2015

He.li.o.res' tis
. Gr. n.
helios
sun; L. fem. n.
restis
a rope;
Heliorestis
sun rope.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / “Heliobacteriaceae” / Heliorestis

Cells in coils or bent rods to short filaments
.
Alkaliphilic
. NaCl not required and growth inhibitory above 1%. Sulfide tolerant, growing in media containing up to 10 mM sulfide. Optimal growth temperature 30°C with no growth above 40°C. Biotin required and yeast extract at 0.025–0.05% [w/v] is highly growth stimulatory.
Lowest G
+
C content of all known heliobacteria
. Other properties are the same as those described for the family “
Heliobacteriaceae
” (see also Table 1). The genus
Heliorestis
currently contains one species.
*

Type species
:
Heliorestis daurensis
Bryantseva, Gorlenko, Kompantseva, Achenbach and Madigan 2000, 949 (Effective publication: Bryantseva, Gorlenko, Kompantseva, Achenbach and Madigan 1999a, 173.).
Engineering Nanoscale Stem Cell Niche: Direct Stem Cell Behavior at Cell–Matrix Interface
Authors: Zhang Yan , Gordon Andrew , Qian Weiyi , Chen Weiqiang
Published: July 2015

Biophysical cues on the extracellular matrix (ECM) have proven to be significant regulators of stem cell behavior and evolution. Understanding the interplay of these cells and their extracellular microenvironment is critical to future tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, both of which require a means of controlled differentiation. Research suggests that nanotopography, which mimics the local, nanoscale, topographic cues within the stem cell niche, could be a way to achieve large‐scale proliferation and control of stem cells in vitro. This Progress Report reviews the history and contemporary advancements of this technology, and pays special attention to nanotopographic fabrication methods and the effect of different nanoscale patterns on stem cell response. Finally, it outlines potential intracellular mechanisms behind this response.
Spectroscopic and Crystal Field Consequences of Fluoride Binding by [Yb⋅DTMA]3+ in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Blackburn Octavia A. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Keller Katharina , Tait Claudia E. , Myers William K. , McInnes Eric J. L. , Kenwright Alan M. , Beer Paul D. , Timmel Christiane R. , Faulkner Stephen
Published: July 2015

Yb⋅DTMA forms a ternary complex with fluoride in aqueous solution by displacement of a bound solvent molecule from the lanthanide ion. [Yb⋅DTMA⋅F]2+ and [Yb⋅DTMA⋅OH2]3+ are in slow exchange on the relevant NMR timescale (<2000 s−1), and profound differences are observed in their respective NMR and EPR spectra of these species. The observed differences can be explained by drastic modification of the ligand field states due to the fluoride binding. This changes the magnetic anisotropy of the YbIII ground state from easy‐axis to easy‐plane type, and this change is easily detected in the observed magnetic anisotropy despite thermal population of more than just the ground state. The spectroscopic consequences of such drastic changes to the ligand field represent important new opportunities in developing fluoride‐responsive complexes and contrast agents.
Extended Corannulenes: Aromatic Bowl/Sheet Hybridization
Authors: Dutta Amit K. , Linden Anthony , Zoppi Laura , Baldridge Kim K. , Siegel Jay S.
Published: July 2015

Among sheet/sheet polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) hybrids, a buckybowl–graphene hybrid has been used as a model to explore the effects of physical properties of PAHs with distinct planar and bowl regions. Activation of a C(Ar)F bond was used to synthesize this corannulene/graphenic hybrid. Photophysical and voltammetric studies together with high‐level computations revealed curvature and extended π‐effects on the properties of these materials.
g‐Engineering in Hybrid Rotaxanes To Create AB and AB2 Electron Spin Systems: EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Weak Interactions between Dissimilar Electron Spin Qubits
Authors: Fernandez Antonio , Moreno Pineda Eufemio , Muryn Christopher A. , Sproules Stephen , Moro Fabrizio , Timco Grigore A. , McInnes Eric J. L. , Winpenny Richard E. P.
Published: July 2015

Hybrid [2]rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes are reported where the magnetic interaction between dissimilar spins is controlled to create AB and AB2 electron spin systems, allowing independent control of weakly interacting S=${{ 1/2 }}$ centers.
Study on the effect of woven sisal fiber mat on mechanical and viscoelastic properties of petroleum based epoxy and bioresin modified toughened epoxy network
Authors: Sahoo Sushanta K. , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K.
Published: July 2015

Sisal fiber reinforced biocomposites are developed using both unmodified petrol based epoxy and bioresin modified epoxy as base matrix. Two bioresins, epoxidized soybean oil and epoxy methyl soyate (EMS) are used to modify the epoxy matrix for effective toughening and subsequently two layers of sisal fiber mat are incorporated to improve the mechanical and thermomechanical properties. Higher strength and modulus of the EMS modified epoxy composites reveals good interfacial bonding of matrix with the fibers. Fracture toughness parameters KIC and GIC are determined and found to be enhanced significantly. Notched impact strength is found to be higher for unmodified epoxy composite, whereas elongation at break is found to be much higher for modified epoxy blend. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows an improvement in the storage modulus for bioresin toughened composites on the account stiffness imparted by fibers. Loss modulus is found to be higher for EMS modified epoxy composite because of strong fiber–matrix interfacial bonding. Loss tangent curves show a strong influence of bioresin on damping behavior of epoxy composite. Strong fiber–matrix interface is found in modified epoxy composite by scanning electron microscopic analysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42699.
Hybrid multi‐scale epoxy composites containing conventional glass microfibers and electrospun glass nanofibers with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Zhao Yong , Xu Tao , Ma Xiaojing , Xi Min , Salem David R. , Fong Hao
Published: July 2015

A mechanically flexible mat consisting of structurally amorphous SiO2 (glass) nanofibers was first prepared by electrospinning followed by pyrolysis under optimized conditions and procedures. Thereafter, two types of hybrid multi‐scale epoxy composites were fabricated via the technique of vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. For the first type of composites, six layers of conventional glass microfiber (GF) fabrics were infused with the epoxy resin containing shortened electrospun glass nanofibers (S‐EGNFs). For the second type of composites, five layers of electrospun glass nanofiber mats (EGNF‐mats) were sandwiched between six layers of conventional GF fabrics followed by the infusion of neat epoxy resin. For comparison, the (conventional) epoxy composites with six layers of GF fabrics alone were also fabricated as the control sample. Incorporation of EGNFs (i.e., S‐EGNFs and EGNF‐mats) into GF/epoxy composites led to significant improvements in mechanical properties, while the EGNF‐mats outperformed S‐EGNFs in the reinforcement of resin‐rich interlaminar regions. The composites reinforced with EGNF‐mats exhibited the highest mechanical properties overall; specifically, the impact absorption energy, interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and work of fracture were (1097.3 ± 48.5) J/m, (42.2 ± 1.4) MPa, (387.1 ± 9.9) MPa, (12.9 ± 1.3) GPa, and (30.6 ± 1.8) kJ/m2, corresponding to increases of 34.6%, 104.8%, 65.4%, 33.0%, and 56.1% compared to the control sample. This study suggests that EGNFs (particularly flexible EGNF‐mats) would be an innovative type of nanoscale reinforcement for the development of high‐performance structural composites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42731.
Software for browsing sectioned images of a dog body and generating a 3D model
Authors: Seo Park Jin , Wook Jung Yong
Published: July 2015

The goals of this study were (1) to provide accessible and instructive browsing software for sectioned images and a portable document format (PDF) file that includes three‐dimensional (3D) models of an entire dog body and (2) to develop techniques for segmentation and 3D modeling that would enable an investigator to perform these tasks without the aid of a computer engineer. To achieve these goals, relatively important or large structures in the sectioned images were outlined to generate segmented images. The sectioned and segmented images were then packaged into browsing software. In this software, structures in the sectioned images are shown in detail and in real color. After 3D models were made from the segmented images, the 3D models were exported into a PDF file. In this format, the 3D models could be manipulated freely. The browsing software and PDF file are available for study by students, for lecture for teachers, and for training for clinicians. These files will be helpful for anatomical study by and clinical training of veterinary students and clinicians. Furthermore, these techniques will be useful for researchers who study two‐dimensional images and 3D models. Anat Rec, 299:81–87, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Comparative Analysis of Route‐Based Energy Management Systems for Phevs
Authors: Taghavipour Amir , Vajedi Mahyar , Azad Nasser L. , McPhee John
Published: July 2015

Plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) development seems to be essential step on the path to widespread deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) as the zero‐emission solution for the future of transportation. Because of their larger battery pack in comparison to conventional hybrid electic vehicles (HEVs), they offer longer electric range which leads to a superior fuel economy performance. Advanced energy management systems (EMSs) use vehicle trip information to enhance a PHEV's performance. In this study, the performance of two optimal control approaches, model predictive control (MPC) and adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A‐ECMS), for designing an EMS for different levels of trip information are compared. The resulting EMSs are fine‐tuned for the Toyota Prius plug‐in hybrid powertrain and their performances are evaluated by using a high‐fidelity simulation model in the Autonomie software. The results of simulation show that both MPC and A‐ECMS can approximately improve fuel economy up to 10% compared to the baseline Autonomie controller for EPA urban and highway drive cycles. Although both EMSs can be implemented in real time, A‐ECMS is 15% faster than MPC. Moreover, it is shown that the engine operating points are more sensitive to the battery depletion pattern than to different driving schedules.
Roche volume filling and the dissolution of open star clusters
Authors: Ernst A. , Berczik P. , Just A. , Noel T.
Published: July 2015

From direct N‐body simulations we find that the dynamical evolution of star clusters is strongly influenced by the Roche volume filling factor. We present a parameter study of the dissolution of open star clusters with different Roche volume filling factors and different particle numbers. We study both Roche volume underfilling and overfilling models and compare with the Roche volume filling case. We find that in the Roche volume overfilling limit of our simulations two‐body relaxation is no longer the dominant dissolution mechanism but the changing cluster potential. We call this mechanism “mass‐loss driven dissolution” in contrast to “two‐body relaxation driven dissolution” which occurs in the Roche volume underfilling regime. We have measured scaling exponents of the dissolution time with the two‐body relaxation time. In this experimental study we find a decreasing scaling exponent with increasing Roche volume filling factor. The evolution of the escaper number in the Roche volume overfilling limit can be described by a log‐logistic differential equation. We report the finding of a resonance condition which may play a role for the evolution of star clusters and may be calibrated by the main periodic orbit in the large island of retrograde quasiperiodic orbits in the Poincaré surfaces of section. We also report on the existence of a stability curve which may be of relevance with respect to the structure of star clusters. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A β‐mannanase from Paenibacillus sp.: Optimization of production and its possible prebiotic potential
Authors: Dhawan Samriti , Singh Rajvinder , Kaur Ramandeep , Kaur Jagdeep
Published: July 2015

A thermotolerant bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus with an ability to produce extracellular β‐mannanase was isolated from a soil sample. Bacterium produced 45 U/mL β‐mannanase at 50 °C. The culture conditions for high‐level production of β‐mannanase were optimized. Optimized MS medium [wheat bran 2% (w/v), ammonium sulfate 0.3% (w/v), yeast extract, and peptone (0.025% each) pH 6.5] was inoculated with 2% of 16 H old culture.  The culture was incubated at 50 °C for 48 H resulting in 24‐folds higher β‐mannanase production (1,100 ± 50 U/mL). Optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity of the crude enzyme was 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The enzyme demonstrated 65% relative enzyme activity at 37 °C. The hydrolytic activity of the crude enzymatic preparation was assessed on various agro residues. Thin‐layer chromatographic analysis showed that the enzyme activity to saccharify heteromannans resulted in production of a mixture of manno‐oligosaccharides (MOS) and enzyme exhibited classic endo‐activity. To evaluate the possible prebiotic potential of the MOS thus obtained, initial screening for their ability to support the growth of probiotics was carried out by the pure culture method. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus sp. responded positively to the addition of enzymatically derived oligosaccharides and their numbers increased significantly.
Point mutation of cytochrome P450 2A6 (a polymorphic variant CYP2A6.25) confers new substrate specificity towards flavonoids
Authors: Uno Tomohide , Ogura Chika , Izumi Chiho , Nakamura Masahiko , Yanase Takeshi , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Ashida Hitoshi , Kanamaru Kengo , Yamagata Hiroshi , Imaishi Hiromasa
Published: July 2015

CYP2A6 is a major hepatic member of the cytochrome P450 family in humans. Much variation in CYP2A6 levels and activity can be attributed to genetic polymorphisms of this gene. CYP2A6*25 comprises an amino acid substitution, F118L. To clarify the effect of the leucine substitution at position 118 in CYP2A6.25, this variant, wild type CYP2A6 and three additional variants consisting of artificial mutations at the substrate binding site (position 481) suggested by earlier reports using random mutagenesis studies [CYP2A6.1, CYP2A6.25, CYP2A6.1(F118A), CYP2A6.1(A481G) and CYP2A6.25(A481G)], were co‐expressed with NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase in E. coli. The hydroxylase activity of these variants toward 7‐ethoxycoumarin, coumarin, flavone, α‐naphthoflavone, flavanone and hydroxyflavanone were examined. All the mutants had lower activities for coumarin 7‐hydroxylation than the wild type. All the mutants showed higher activities for flavone and α‐naphthoflavone compared with CYP2A6.1. CYP2A6.1 had the highest flavanone 2′‐hydroxylase activity, whereas CYP2A6.25 had the highest 6‐ and 4′‐hydroxylase activities. CYP2A6.1(F118A), CYP2A6.1(A481G) and CYP2A6.25(A481G) had higher flavanone 3′‐hydroxylase activities than CYP2A6.1 and CYP2A6.25. Furthermore, 4′‐hydroxyflavanone was metabolized by CYP2A6.25. These results indicate that the CYP2A6.25 mutation confers new substrate specificity towards flavonoids. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nucleosome functions in spindle assembly and nuclear envelope formation
Authors: Zierhut Christian , Funabiki Hironori
Published: July 2015

Chromosomes are not only carriers of the genetic material, but also actively regulate the assembly of complex intracellular architectures. During mitosis, chromosome‐induced microtubule polymerisation ensures spindle assembly in cells without centrosomes and plays a supportive role in centrosome‐containing cells. Chromosomal signals also mediate post‐mitotic nuclear envelope (NE) re‐formation. Recent studies using novel approaches to manipulate histones in oocytes, where functions can be analysed in the absence of transcription, have established that nucleosomes, but not DNA alone, mediate the chromosomal regulation of spindle assembly and NE formation. Both processes require the generation of RanGTP by RCC1 recruited to nucleosomes but nucleosomes also acquire cell cycle stage specific regulators, Aurora B in mitosis and ELYS, the initiator of nuclear pore complex assembly, at mitotic exit. Here, we review the mechanisms by which nucleosomes control assembly and functions of the spindle and the NE, and discuss their implications for genome maintenance.
Short‐range inversions: Rethinking organelle genome stability
Authors: Tremblay‐Belzile Samuel , Lepage Étienne , Zampini Éric , Brisson Normand
Published: July 2015

In the organelles of plants and mammals, recent evidence suggests that genomic instability stems in large part from template switching events taking place during DNA replication. Although more than one mechanism may be responsible for this, some similarities exist between the different proposed models. These can be separated into two main categories, depending on whether they involve a single‐strand‐switching or a reciprocal‐strand‐switching event. Single‐strand‐switching events lead to intermediates containing Y junctions, whereas reciprocal‐strand‐switching creates Holliday junctions. Common features in all the described models include replication stress, fork stalling and the presence of inverted repeats, but no single element appears to be required in all cases. We review the field, and examine the ideas that several mechanisms may take place in any given genome, and that the presence of palindromes or inverted repeats in certain regions may favor specific rearrangements.
Glycoprofiling effects of media additives on IgG produced by CHO cells in fed‐batch bioreactors
Authors: Kildegaard Helene Faustrup , Fan Yuzhou , Sen Jette W. , Larsen Bo , Andersen Mikael R.
Published: July 2015

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are mainly produced by heterologous expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The glycosylation profile of the mAbs has major impact on the efficacy and safety of the drug and is therefore an important parameter to control during production. In this study, the effect on IgG N‐glycosylation from feeding CHO cells with eight glycosylation precursors during cultivation was investigated. The study was conducted in fed‐batch mode in bioreactors with biological replicates to obtain highly controlled and comparable conditions. We assessed charge heterogeneity and glycosylation patterns of IgG. None of the eight feed additives caused statistically significant changes to cell growth or IgG productivity, compared to controls. However, the addition of 20 mM galactose did result in a reproducible increase of galactosylated IgG from 14% to 25%. On the other hand, addition of 20 mM N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine (GlcNAc) reduced relative abundance of galactosylated IgG by 4%. Additionally, supplementation with 10 mM mannose slightly reduced GlcNAc occupancy of IgG. Overall, comparing the effects of IgG glycosylation, by supplementing the cell culture medium with glycosylation precursors during cultivation, revealed an application of these glycosylation precursors for modulating N‐glycosylation of IgG. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 359–366. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adjuvant effect of B domain of staphyloccocal protein A displayed on the surface of hepatitis B virus capsid
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin , Ahn Keum‐Young , Bae Kyung Dong , Lee Jiyun , Sim Sang Jun , Lee Jeewon
Published: July 2015

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid‐based recombinant particles, which display both major hydrophilic region of HBV surface antigen (HBV–MHR) and B domain of Staphylococcal protein A (SPAB), were produced using Escherichia coli as expression host. SPAB was used as an adjuvant to elicit the immune response to HBV–MHR, and its adjuvant effect in the immunized mice was estimated with varying the position and amount of SPAB on the HBV capsid particles. Compared to the emulsified aluminum gel (alum gel) that is a currently commercialized vaccine adjuvant, SPAB caused the significantly higher level of anti‐HBV immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer and seroconversion rate, and notably SPAB at the most surface‐exposed position on the recombinant particle led to the highest immune response. Moreover, SPAB caused much lower ratio of IgG1 to IgG2a compared to alum gel, indicating that helper T‐cell 1‐mediated immune response (responsible for cytotoxic T‐cell stimulation) is relatively more stimulated by SPAB, unlike alum gel that mainly stimulates helper T‐cell 2‐mediated immune response (responsible for B‐cell stimulation). Although HBV–MHR and HBV capsid particle were used as proof‐of‐concept in this study, SPAB can be used as a highly effective adjuvant with other disease‐specific antigens on the surface of other virus‐like particles to produce various recombinant vaccines with high potency. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 268–274. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancement of angiogenic effects by hypoxia‐preconditioned human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia
Authors: Han Kyu‐Hyun , Kim Ae‐Kyeong , Kim Min‐Hee , Kim Do‐Hyung , Go Ha‐Nl , Kim Dong‐Ik
Published: July 2015

It has been studied that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability to promote angiogenesis. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that hypoxic conditions can enhance angiogenesis and immune modulation mediated by MSCs, a notion that has been applied in many fields of clinical application. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of hypoxia preconditioned human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC‐MSCs) and normoxia conditioned hUC‐MSCs for the treatment of ischemic injury in hindlimbs of an immunodeficient mouse model. Expression of negative markers for MSC such as CD31, CD34, and CD45 or positive markers such as CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 was not significantly changed in hypoxia preconditioned hUC‐MSCs compared with hUC‐MSCs cultured in normoxic condition. Expression of angiogenesis‐related genes such as COX‐2, VEGF, Tie‐2, and TGF‐β1 was increased compared with hUC‐MSCs cultured in normoxic conditions. In the in vivo model, CD31 expression as a marker of angiogenesis was significantly increased in the ischemic limbs at 1 month after injection with hypoxic hUC‐MSCs. Angiogenesis‐related genes such as Ang‐1, COX‐1, PIGF, and MCP‐1 were significantly upregulated in the muscle of ischemic hindlimbs treated with hypoxic hUC‐MSCs than normoxic hUC‐MSCs. Expression of proinflammatory genes such as IL‐1, and IL‐20 was reduced, whereas TGF‐β1, which has an anti‐inflammatory effect, was strongly increased. In conclusion, hypoxic culture conditions could induce expression of angiogenesis related genes in hUC‐MSCs, and hypoxia preconditioned hUC‐MSCs showed enhancing effects by inducing angiogenesis and low inflammatory immune response compared with normoxic hUC‐MSCs in the ischemia injured hindlimb of immunodeficient mice.
Process Design Aspects for Reaction‐Integrated Adsorption in Multi‐Enzymatic Catalysis*
Authors: Waluga Thomas , Scholl Stephan
Published: July 2015

This work deals with aspects of process design for the in situ product removal via adsorption in a tri‐enzymatic synthesis of laminaribiose. Regarding the reaction, mass transfer properties of the reactants in chitosan as a potential immobilization matrix are discussed. For all three enzymes, three significantly different Thiele moduli were calculated. Also, the laminaribiose‐specific properties of mass transfer into two different adsorbents are presented. While the diffusion coefficient for adsorption in a powder zeolite is smaller than the apparent coefficient in an extrudate, the total adsorption time in extrudates is significantly longer. Experimental single‐component adsorption equilibrium data for all reactants and products are presented. Simulation is used to discuss the influence and impact of co‐adsorption and the amount of enzyme used on the yield for continuous in situ adsorption. No significant effects were observed at high residence times of adsorbent within the reaction. However, the yield can be increased significantly at short residence times of the adsorbent, depending on the adsorption properties.
Highly Organized Ferrocene‐Functionalized Nanoporous Silica Films with an Extremely Fast Electron‐Transfer Rate for an Intrinsically Nonconducting Oxide‐Modified Electrode
Authors: Audebert Pierre , Vilà Neus , Allain Clémence , Maisonneuve Franck , Walcarius Alain , Hapiot Philippe
Published: July 2015

Modified electrodes from functionalized nanoporous xerogel coatings, prepared by using the electrochemically assisted self‐assembly (EASA) method, containing ferrocene moieties grafted onto vertically oriented pores perpendicular to an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, have been prepared and studied. The electrochemical behavior of these new materials exhibits the fastest charge transfer ever observed in oxide‐modified electrodes. The cyclic voltammetry curves allow us, however, to discriminate two types of ferrocene species inside the coatings and to determine the rate constants for the electron exchange between the ITO electrode and the coatings, with the help of simulations and an advanced software package.
Green Template‐Free Synthesis of Hierarchical Shuttle‐Shaped Mesoporous ZnFe2O4 Microrods with Enhanced Lithium Storage for Advanced Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Linrui , Hua Hui , Lian Lin , Cao Hui , Zhu Siqi , Yuan Changzhou
Published: July 2015

In the work, a facile and green two‐step synthetic strategy was purposefully developed to efficiently fabricate hierarchical shuttle‐shaped mesoporous ZnFe2O4 microrods (MRs) with a high tap density of ∼0.85 g cm3, which were assembled by 1D nanofiber (NF) subunits, and further utilized as a long‐life anode for advanced Li‐ion batteries. The significant role of the mixed solvent of glycerin and water in the formation of such hierarchical mesoporous MRs was systematically investigated. After 488 cycles at a large current rate of 1000 mA g−1, the resulting ZnFe2O4 MRs with high loading of ∼1.4 mg per electrode still preserved a reversible capacity as large as ∼542 mAh g−1. Furthermore, an initial charge capacity of ∼1150 mAh g−1 is delivered by the ZnFe2O4 anode at 100 mA g−1, resulting in a high Coulombic efficiency of ∼76 % for the first cycle. The superior Li‐storage properties of the as‐obtained ZnFe2O4 were rationally associated with its mesoprous micro‐/nanostructures and 1D nanoscaled building blocks, which accelerated the electron transportation, facilitated Li+ transfer rate, buffered the large volume variations during repeated discharge/charge processes, and provided rich electrode–electrolyte sur‐/interfaces for efficient lithium storage, particularly at high rates.
A New Conformation With an Extraordinarily Long, 3.04 Å Two‐Electron, Six‐Center Bond Observed for the π‐[TCNE]22−Dimer in [NMe4]2[TCNE]2(TCNE=Tetracyanoethylene)
Authors: Graham Adora G. , Mota Fernando , Shurdha Endrit , Rheingold Arnold L. , Novoa Juan J. , Miller Joel S.
Published: July 2015

[NMe4]2[TCNE]2(TCNE=tetracyanoethenide) formed from the reaction of TCNE and (NMe4)CN in MeCN hasνCNIR absorptions at 2195, 2191, 2172, and 2156 cm−1and aνCCabsorption at 1383 cm−1that are characteristic of reduced TCNE. The TCNEs have an average central CC distance of 1.423 Å that is also characteristic of reduced TCNE. The reduced TCNE forms a previously unknown non‐eclipsed, centrosymmetric π‐[TCNE]22−dimer with nominalC2symmetry, 12 sub van der Waals interatomic contacts <3.3 Å, a central intradimer separation of 3.039(3) Å, and comparable intradimer C⋅⋅⋅N distances of 3.050(3) and 2.984(3) Å. The two pairs of central C⋅⋅⋅C atoms form a ∢CC⋅⋅⋅CC of 112.6° that is substantially greater than the 0° observed for the eclipsedD2hπ‐[TCNE]22−dimer possessing a two‐electron, four‐center (2e−/4c) bond with two C⋅⋅⋅C components from a molecular orbital (MO) analysis. A MO study combining CAS(2,2)/MRMP2/cc‐pVTZ and atoms‐in‐molecules (AIM) calculations indicates that the non‐eclipsed,C2π‐[TCNE]22−dimer exhibits a new type of a long, intradimer bond involving one strong C⋅⋅⋅C and two weak C⋅⋅⋅N components, that is, a 2e−/6c bond. TheC2π‐[TCNE]22−conformer has a singlet, diamagnetic ground state with a thermally populated triplet excited state withJ/kB=1000 K (700 cm−1; 86.8 meV; 2.00 kcal mol−1;H=−2 JSa⋅Sb); at the CAS(2,2)/MBMP2 level the triplet is computed to be 9.0 kcal mol−1higher in energy than the closed‐shell singlet ground state. The results from CAS(2,2)/NEVPT2/cc‐pVTZ calculations indicate that theC2andD2hconformers have two different local metastable minima with theC2conformer being 1.3 kcal mol−1less stable. The different natures of theC2andD2hconformers are also noted from the results of valence bond (VB) qualitative diagram that shows a 10e−/6c bond with one C⋅⋅⋅C and two C⋅⋅⋅N bonding components for theC2conformer as compared to the 6e−/4c bond for theD2hconformer with two C⋅⋅⋅C bonding components.
Size‐Selective Yolk‐Shell Nanoreactors with Nanometer‐Thin Porous Polymer Shells
Authors: Jia Ying , Shmakov Sergey N. , Register Paul , Pinkhassik Eugene
Published: July 2015

Yolk‐shell nanoreactors with metal nanoparticle core and ultrathin porous polymer shells are effective catalysts for heterogeneous reactions. Polymer shells provide size‐selectivity and improved reusability of catalyst. Nanocapsules with single‐nanometer porous shells are prepared by vesicle‐templated directed assembly. Metal nanoparticles are formed either by selective initiation in pre‐fabricated nanocapsules or simultaneously with the creation of a crosslinked polymer shell. In this study, we investigated the oxidation of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde catalyzed by gold nanoparticles and hydrogenation of cyclohexene catalyzed by platinum nanoparticles. Comparison of newly created nanoreactors with commercially available nanoparticles revealed superior reusability and size selectivity in nanoreactors while showing no negative effect on reaction kinetics.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultra‐Flexible Framework Breathing in Response to Dehydration in Liskeardite, [(Al,Fe)16(AsO4)9(OH)21 (H2O)11]·26H2O, a Natural Open‐Framework Compound.
Authors: Grey Ian. E. , Brand Helen E. A. , Rumsey Michael S. , Gozukara Yesim
Published: July 2015

The title compound exhibits a phase transition at about 100 °C from the monoclinic space group I112 to the tetragonal space group I$\bar 4$, which is related to removal of water from the channels.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Changes and Self‐Activated Photoluminescence in Reductively Annealed Sr3AlO4F.
Authors: Green Robert , Avdeev Maxim , Vogt Thomas
Published: July 2015

Sr3AlO4F is prepared by solid state reaction of SrCO3, Al2O3, and SrF2 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of HgFAsF6, Hg(HF)2(AsF6)2, Hg(HF)(AsF6)2 and Hg(AsF6)(SO3F).
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny A.
Published: July 2015

HgFAsF6 is prepared by oxidation of Hg2(AsF6)2 (prepared via the reaction of Hg and AsF5 in liquid SO2) with fluorine in anhydrous HF condensed on the sample at 77 K (T‐shaped FEP tubes, 25 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Characterization of the Cubic Uranium Chalcogenides Rh2U6S15, Cs2Ti2U6Se15, Cs2Cr2U6Se15, and Cs2Ti2U6Te15.
Authors: Ward Matthew D. , Oh George N. , Mesbah Adel , Lee Minseong , Sang Choi Eun , Ibers James A.
Published: July 2015

Rh2U6S15 (I), Cs2Ti2U6Se15 (II), Cs2Cr2U6Se15 (III), and Cs2Ti2U6Te15 (IV) are prepared by solid state reaction of the elements and CsCl at 1173 K (evacuated C‐coated silica tube, complex heating schedule).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective N‐Chelation‐Directed C—H Activation Reactions Catalyzed by Pd(II) Nanoparticles Supported on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes.
Authors: Korwar Sudha , Brinkley Kendra , Siamaki Ali R. , Gupton B. Frank , Ellis Keith C.
Published: July 2015

The title catalyst efficiently promotes C—H activation reactions to allow the transformation of C—H to C—O, C—Cl, and C—Br bonds.