bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bisoprolol Versus Corticosteroid and Bisoprolol Combination for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Mahrose Ramy , Elsayed Ahmed M. , Elshorbagy Mohamed S.
Published: May 2019

Background:

The most common cardiac arrhythmia that happens after on-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery is Atrial Fibrillation (AF). It is combined with several postoperative complications such as increased incidence of stroke, increased hospital stay and increased costs.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to look for safe, effective, reliable and well tolerated tools for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after on pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

Patients and Methods:

The study enclosed 176 patients (the age ranges from 40 to 79 years) and scheduled for elective on-pump CABG operations without concomitant procedures. The patients were selected randomly into two equal groups. Group (A) in which bisoprolol was used to prevent atrial fibrillation after surgery. Group (B) in which bisoprolol and hydrocortisone were used for prevention of atrial fibrillation after surgery. For each patient, the following data were collected: gender, preoperative diseases, cardiopulmonary bypass time, intraoperative cross clamp time, Left internal mammary Artery usage, incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation, death, myocardial infarction chest infection and C-reactive protein amount in plasma.

Results:

There was a statistically significant decrease in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in group (B) when compared to corresponding values in group (A). Also, group (B) showed a statistically significant decrease in length of hospital stay in comparison to group (A). C-reactive protein concentrations on the 1stand 2ndpostoperative days were lower significantly in group (B) than in group (A). There were no statistically significant differences between both groups regarding gender, preoperative diseases, cardiorespiratory bypass time, intraoperative cross clamp time, Left internal mammary artery usage, death, myocardial infarction and chest infection.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that using bisoprolol and hydrocortisone combination showed greater benefit than the use of bisoprolol only for prevention of postoperative AF after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Effect of emotional and spiritual intelligence on transformational leadership and impact on employee performance
Authors: Krisnanda Putu Harry , Surya Ida Bagus Ketut
Published: May 2019

The population of this research is all operator employees of PT. Gas Station Pratama Anugrah Dewata who is an employee with contract status. The sampling technique used in this study is saturated sampling or census with the research instrument using a questionnaire. Because the population is relatively small, all populations are used as samples, so the number of samples in this study were 40 operator employees of PT Gas Station Pratama Anugrah Dewata. Data were then analyzed using path analysis and Sobel test. The results showed that emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence had a positive and significant effect on transformational leadership, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and transformational leadership positive and significant effect on employee performance, and transformational leadership was able to mediate the effect of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence variables on the performance of PT Gas Station Pratama Anugrah Dewata operator employees.
A Retrospective Analysis of a Cross‐Year Peer Tutoring Program for Oral Health Students
Authors: Johnson Sara N. , Mays Keith A.
Published: May 2019

Health professions education is extremely challenging for students, requiring high performance in fast‐paced learning environments. In addition, the challenge of instructing students at many performance levels and the lack of teaching assistants can create a knowledge gap between educators and students. Using cross‐year peer tutors is one potential method to close this gap and improve student performance. The aims of this study were to retrospectively evaluate the impact of a cross‐year peer tutoring program on successful course completion of oral health students and to assess student and tutor perceptions of the experience. First‐ and second‐year dental and dental therapy students were assigned to cross‐year tutors as a result of progression committee recommendations and self‐identification. Potential tutors were vetted by the course directors. The collected data included number of courses in which students were assigned a tutor, the type of course (lecture vs. lab), and students' success in the courses. These data were collected for a four‐year period (2013‐14 to 2016‐17), and student and tutor perceptions were assessed in one year. The results showed that 94% of the students who received tutoring passed their courses. Students who had been tutored had a significantly lower failure rate than those who were not tutored (20% vs. 80%, respectively). These results suggest that the cross‐year peer tutoring program was useful in closing the learning gap between instructors' expert level and novice learners. Participating students and tutors also perceived the program as a positive and beneficial experience.
Teaching Complete Denture Procedures to Dental Students by Conventional or Simplified Methods: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: de Villa Camargos Germana , Armenine Tamires Enrico , Paleari André Gustavo , Nascimento Gabriela Mayara Oliveira , Munhoz Maira Foresti Vieira
Published: May 2019

With populations aging around the world, the need for complete dentures is likely to increase in Brazil and other developing countries, as well among low‐income populations globally, making the teaching of cost‐efficient techniques to dental students essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of complete dentures fabricated by the simplified method in comparison to the conventional method regarding patients' oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and satisfaction, dentures' functional quality, and masticatory performance of patients who were rehabilitated by dental students. From February 2016 to April 2017, final‐year dental students at the Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil, were instructed to fabricate new complete dentures for 36 edentulous patients, who were randomly divided into two groups according to denture manufacturing method: simplified method or conventional method. Patients' OHRQoL and satisfaction and the prostheses quality were evaluated at one, three, and six months. Masticatory performance was evaluated at three months. The results showed there was no significant difference between the two methods regarding OHRQoL, patient satisfaction, prostheses quality, or masticatory performance (p>0.05). All aspects evaluated also remained constant for the same group (simplified method or conventional method) in all periods of evaluation (p>0.05). The study concluded that the simplified method for complete denture fabrication was able to produce protheses with functional quality and patient satisfaction comparable to those produced with the conventional method, even when made by dental students.
Creating a Supportive Educational Research Culture at a Dental School by Identifying Obstacles and Solutions
Authors: McCann Ann L. , Schneiderman Emet D.
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to identify the extent of educational research conducted at one U.S. dental school and to assess faculty needs for engaging in it more fully. A task force developed and administered a survey to all the school's full‐time faculty members in January 2014. The response rate was 73.6% (n=106/144). The majority of the respondents were clinicians (73%), had a primary responsibility for teaching (80%), and were non‐tenure track (62%). Thirty‐six percent (n=24) of the non‐tenure‐track respondents reported being expected to engage in scholarship as well as the 38% (n=40) who were on the tenure track, for a total of 60% (n=64/106). Overall, 51% of respondents reported they had a half‐day or less for scholarship. Clinical faculty respondents had significantly less time for scholarship than non‐clinical (p<0.001). Two‐thirds (n=72, 68%) said they had not received research training, and over half (n=56, 53%) had never conducted educational research. The most common answers for why respondents did not conduct educational research were “do not know how” (n=32%) and “not required” (n=23%). Help with statistical analysis was reported as the most important support factor, followed by having collaborators, help with research design, time, funding, and travel. While overall interest in conducting educational research was moderate (median=5 on a 1‐10 scale, IQR=3,8), a highly interested group (n=45) had produced more research than others (p≤0.041). This group desired more small grants (91%) and training opportunities (89%, p≤0.001). In response to one of the findings of this study, a small‐grant program of $15,000 annually for educational research was implemented in May 2014. Funded by this program, 11 projects have been initiated with both scholarship and learning improvement outcomes.
Dental and Dental Hygiene Students' Perceptions of Status Quo, Benefits of, and Curricular Suggestions for Shared Learning: On the Road to IPE?
Authors: McComas Martha J. , Doctor Julianne , Inglehart Marita R.
Published: May 2019

In 29 U.S. academic institutions, dental and dental hygiene students are educated on the same campus. The aims of this study were to explore the perceptions of dental and dental hygiene students on the same campus concerning the status quo of shared educational experiences, the benefits of shared education, and their curricular suggestions for shared education. Additionally, the study investigated whether the number of shared courses was correlated with the perceived benefits of shared learning. A survey was sent in 2016 to a chief administrator at all 29 dental school and dental hygiene programs that were on the same campus, with a request that the administrators forward the invitation email to all their students. A total of 375 dental and 117 dental hygiene students at 12 universities responded. The students reported that three of the nine dental hygiene programs and two of the six dental programs had no shared courses. The majority of dental/dental hygiene students agreed or agreed strongly that having joint classes would allow them to develop better relationships between dental and dental hygiene students (57%/57%) and gain a better understanding of each other's roles (50%/63%) and of what the other discipline “is all about” (54%/46%). Compared to dental hygiene students, dental students were less supportive of suggestions for curricular interventions such as partnering up in lab (on a five‐point scale with 5=most positive: 3.99 vs. 3.56; p<0.001), using in‐class time for shared group projects (3.83 vs. 3.27; p<0.001), and shadowing in clinics (4.26 vs. 3.16; p<0.001). The more courses dental and dental hygiene students jointly attended, the higher their percentage of clinic time spent on collaborative care (r=0.19; p<0.001). Having dental and dental hygiene programs on the same campus offers opportunities for shared learning, and this study's results suggest those opportunities may translate into increased shared learning.
A Multi‐Institutional Study of Dental Student Readiness to Address Adolescent Risk Behaviors
Authors: Mugayar Leda Regina Fernandes , Perez Edna , Nagasawa Pamela R. , Brown David G. , Tolentino Lissette A. , Kuang Huan S. , Behar‐Horenstein Linda S.
Published: May 2019

The aim of this replication study was to determine if prior findings at one U.S. dental school about dental students' comfort discussing and perceptions of the relevance of 15 risk behaviors to adolescent patient oral health care would be observed at other institutions. All first‐ and fourth‐year dental students (n=414) at three U.S. dental schools in fall 2017 were invited to participate, and 218 completed the survey (52.7% response rate). These students reported feeling comfortable to uncomfortable discussing risk behaviors with adolescent patients, yet perceived those risk behaviors as relevant to their oral health. There were significant differences in student comfort discussing risk behaviors with adolescents and their perceptions of relevance by gender, age, class status, and school location. Males were more comfortable than females discussing oral health risk behaviors. There were no significant differences by race/ethnicity. Fourth‐year students had higher levels of comfort discussing risk behaviors than first‐year students. Compared to students in the South and Midwest schools, students at the West school were more comfortable discussing selected topics and had higher perceptions of their relevance to adolescent oral health care. These results suggest there is room for improvement in this area of dental education. Dental schools should aim to strengthen students' knowledge of and comfort in discussing oral health risk behaviors with adolescent patients with the use of educational activities and clinical experiences.
Using Situated Learning Theory to Build an Interactive Learning Environment to Foster Dental Students' Professionalism: An Ignite Project
Authors: Quick Karin K. , Blue Christine M.
Published: May 2019

Recognition that professionalism is at the heart of dentistry's contract with society has led to an emphasis on educational strategies designed to improve cultivation of professional behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a project based on situated learning theory and using an Ignite format to support dental students' learning and promote professionalism. Learning activities were evaluated in terms of new thinking, changing perspectives, and professional relationships. Professional relationship development and professional self‐identity were explored. First‐year dental students (n=108) enrolled in a two‐semester professional development course at one U.S. dental school in fall 2017 comprised the study sample; all participated in the study. The mixed‐methods study design used simultaneous triangulation with the qualitative component adding insight to the evaluation results. A 25‐question evaluation form was used to collect quantitative data, and student self‐assessment essays provided qualitative information. On the survey, the students' responses were generally agree/strongly agree and ranged from 60% (creating the presentation, changed perspective on academic integrity) to 98% (interaction and discussion with facilitators, appreciate professional relationships beyond dental school). Four themes emerged from content analysis of the essays: Behavior and Consequences: Academic Integrity and Professionalism, Patient Trust: Conflicts of Interest, Professional Interactions, and Professional Standards and Reputation. Overall, this Ignite project was found to advance the desired learning goals with respect to initial professional development. The social interactions with peers and outside practitioners facilitated introspection and learning. Students saw themselves as part of a profession, they started to appreciate and develop professional relationships, and many left the event with a deeper understanding of issues related to academic integrity, professional behavior, and conflicts of interests in dental practice.
Qualifications and Characteristics North American Dental Deans Seek in Department Chairpersons
Authors: Khan Shariq M. , Baccaglini Lorena , Inagaki Asia A. , Reinhardt John W. , Turner Sharon , Wee Alvin G.
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to determine whether deans of North American dental schools perceived that one category of department chairperson skills (leadership or management) was more important than the other for their chairpersons to be successful. A secondary purpose was to determine the professional qualifications and personal characteristics these deans perceived contributed most to the success of department chairpersons and whether those differed by the research emphasis of the school. An email survey was sent in 2016 to all 75 deans of U.S. and Canadian dental schools with graduating classes. Section one of the survey was an open response section asking deans to list the five most essential characteristics of a successful department chairperson. Section two asked deans to rank the importance of eight listed professional qualifications, and the last section asked deans to rate the importance of four leadership and four management traits that could contribute to the success of their chairpersons. Questions about characteristics of the deans and the schools were also included. A response rate of 46.7% was obtained. The most frequent characteristics listed in the open response section were in the categories of vision, academic expertise, and integrity. The three most highly ranked professional qualifications were previous teaching experience, previous administrative experience, and history of external research funding. Four of the eight professional qualifications were ranked differently by deans of high compared to moderate research‐intensive schools (p<0.05). Overall, the respondents rated leadership skills more highly than management skills (p=0.002) as important for departmental chairpersons.
Reflective Learning Outcomes of Community‐Based Experiences: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sager Joanna J. , Blue Christine M.
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to explore the meaning of community‐based experiences for senior dental and dental hygiene students through the use of critical incident essays. A total of 108 senior dental students and 22 senior dental hygiene students were invited to participate in the study. Each student was required to write about one critical incident that occurred at one of four community clinic rotation sites during the 2012‐13 school year. The participation rate was 78% of the students. Professional responsibility, a willingness to volunteer, and an understanding of the importance of oral health education were the main themes that emerged from analysis of the essays. These results suggest that community‐based learning, with reflection, challenged how these students perceived oral health disparities and expanded the meaning of professional responsibility for them.
Preoperative TKA Planning on Long-Leg Hip-Knee-Ankle Radiographs and It’s Impact on Postoperative Coronal Knee Alignment
Authors: Zinoviev M. P. , Atmansky I. A. , Belokobylov A. A. , Rimashevskiy D. V.
Published: May 2019

The importance of measuring of the angle between the mechanical and anatomical femoral axis (РУЛ) during the preoperative total knee arthroplasty (TKA) planning is not recognized by all. Some surgeons believe that it is acceptable to set distal femoral resection guide at 6° or 7° in all cases or adjust femoral resection guide FVA accordingly with patient height.We conducted two studies. One — retrospective analysis of radiographs of patients with TKA performed since 1.09.2014 till 31.01.2015 (n = 261, 273 TKA). In this cohort, we were looking for correlation between the parameters obtained on long hip-knee-ankle radiographs (FVA, coronal knee alignment) and gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and height, as well as the implant model and the level of constraint. After that we conducted a prospective, randomized trial with TKA performed since 1.02.2015 till 31.05.2015 (n = 225, 225 TKA). The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the “individual FVA” group (n = 121), the distal femoral resection guide FVA was set accordingly with measured FVA, in the control group (n = 104) — at 7° (average FVA for the Sverdlovsk area patients’ population). We compared TKA x-ray results of both groups.Results. First stage. We found no correlation between FVA and age, BMI, height and sex of patients (p0.05). After TKA residual varus deformity of more than 3° (malalignment) (3.9±1.06) was observed in 7% of cases (19 joints). We found correlation between coronal knee malalignment after TKA and two factors: BMI and initial severity of varus deformity (p = 0.003 and p0.001). Second stage. In the control group we’ve seen femoral component deviation of more than 3° from the perpendicular to neutral mechanical axis (malposition) 3 times more often then in the “individual FVA” group (9 vs. 3, p = 0.021).Conclusions. We did not identify the dependence of FVA on sex, age, BMI and height. With initial varus of more than 20° and BMI of more than 30 kg/m2, the risk of coronal components malalignment is increased. The average FVA in patients of Sverdlovsk area is 6,7±1,5° (3-11°). Implementation of preoperative FVA measurement and following femoral distal cut adjustments improves femoral component positioning and overall leg alignment postoperatively.
The Effect of Pyraclostrobin Application on Yield of Tea (Camelia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) under Wet Season
Authors: Rahman Arief , Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila , Waluyo Sriyanto
Published: May 2019

This field experiment aimed to study the effect of pyraclostrobin on tea production and to determine optimum concentration in order to maintain high yield during the period of wet season. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) using single factor and three blocks as replications. The pyraclostrobin doses, consisted of 4 levels, 0, 50, 100, and 150 g.ha-1, each will be tested on three tea clones. Clones tea tested are TRI 2025, Gambung 9 and PGL 15. Data was evaluated for chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, number of pecco, number of dormant shoot (banjhi), number of total shoot, pecco fresh weight, banjhi fresh weight, total shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight. Data were analysed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and LSD test at α = 5%. The results informed that pyraclostrobin was able to improve chlorophyll content on TRI 2025 clone, and improved photosynthetic rate on Gambung 9 clone. However,  there was no significant different among plants treated with pyraclostrobin on a yield components, i.e., number of pecco, number of banjhi, pecco fresh weight, banjhi fresh weight, total shoot fresh weight, and total shoot dry weight.
The Effects of Doses and Methods of Lime Placement to N, P, K, Ca, Mg Content and Sugarcane Growth in Ultisol Lampung Tengah, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudi Heri , Ma’as Azwar , Hanudin Eko , Utami Sri Nuryani Hidayah
Published: May 2019

Land circumstances on Seputih Mataram, Lampung included in dried area which is consist of Ultisols soil (soil taxonomy). Ultisol consist of H2O which has pH of less than 5.5. It will cause the amount of soil nutrient that absorbed is not optimal yet. This research aimed to know the influence of adding dolomite to the soil chemical content (pH number of H2O, KCl, content of total N, available P, exch-K, exch-Ca, exch-Mg, Organic-C, ratio C/N, exch-Al, exch-H, CEC), nutrient content on the leaf (such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and sugar cane physic. This research used Completely Randomized Design 2 factors with 3 blocks repetition. First factor was the dolomite doses in six contents: without the dolomite (K0), 500 kg/ha (K1), 1000 kg/ha (K2), 2000 kg/ha (K3), 4000 kg/ha (K4) and 6000 kg/ha (K5). The second factor (R) was the depth of dolomite placement, consist of: (R1) dolomite with 0-20 cm depth and (R2) dolomite with 20-40 cm depth. The observation used to know the soil chemical content, the leaf nutrients and the variables that used into the research. The observation results variant analyzed (ANOVA) in 5 % and continued with the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in 5 % if the result showed the real differentiation. The result showed that the depth of dolomite was not real influence to the amount of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), and Magnesium (Mg) in leaf. Dolomite addition was real influence for Calcium (Ca) uptake in leaf, but it was not real influenced the leaf uptake. Dolomite addition was real influence in the leaf content and leaf Magnesium (Mg) uptake. 6000 kg/ha dolomite for physical soil characteristic ( pH H2O, pH KCL, C/N ratio, K, P, Ca, Mg,Exch-H), leaf nutrient ( N, K, Ca), Mg and Ca uptake on leaf also sugar cane tonnage per hectare showed the maximum result.
Telomere Length Determination Based on Different Sex and Leaf Development of Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca GART. VOSS.) Revealed by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Indhirawati Rima , Purwantoro Aziz
Published: May 2019

Telomere has special roles at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that consisting of repeated DNA sequences. It protects chromosomes and DNA from damage. The plant sex and the leaf development may change in telomere length. Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca GART. VOSS.) is dioecious plants that have female and male organs on separate plants. The aim of this research is to determine the telomere length of snake fruit from different plant sex and the leaf development. In this research, we observed telomere length in snake fruit (female and male plants) using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) procedure. The results from this study showed that telomere lengths of male and female are equal. Telomere lengths in the leaf development showed that younger leaves of both male and female leaves are longer compared to older and dried leaves.
Formulasi Sediaan Topikal Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus costaricensis)
Authors: Widyastuti Widyastuti
Published: May 2019

Ekstrak kulit buah naga super merah (H. costaricensis) setelah dilakukan pengujian antioksidan mempunyai nilai IC50 sebesar 4602,740 ppm. Dari hasil yang didapat maka konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan untuk formulasi sediaan topikal sebesar 2%. Antioksidan yang terkandung dalam kulit buah naga dapat ditingkatkan nilai ekonomisnya dengan membuat suatu sediaan yang digunakan pada kulit. Pengembangan formulasi sediaan topikal yang diaplikasikan pada kulit berupa sediaan lotion, krim dan gel. Sediaan lotion dan krim sebagai basis dengan menambahkan minyak zaitun dan VCO sebagai humektan dalam fase mainyak dan pada sediaan gel dengan menggunakan basis gel Carbopol-940, PVA dan HPMC. Dari semua sediaan yang dibuat dapat digunakan untuk sediaan topikal. Hasil uji hedonis didapatkan F8 (lotion minyak zaitun) merupakan formula yang terbaik dalam hal tekstur dan warna sediaan, F14 (gel HPMC) dalam hal bau dan F11 (krim VCO) dalam hal kenyamanan pemakaian. Penambahan ekstrak kepada basis sediaan mempengaruhi secara signifikan terhadap tekstur, warna dan bau tetapi tidak terhadap kenyamanan pemakaian.
Formation surfaces of Monge by the kinematic method in AutoCAD environment
Authors: Romanova Viktoryna A
Published: May 2019

Aims of research. Studying the possibility of forming Monge carved surfaces, defined by the method of their formation, creating an algorithm and program in the AutoLISP language to demonstrate the formation of surfaces in the AutoCAD environment in a dynamic mode. Methods. Monge carved surfaces are formed by a flat curve, located in the tangent plane to the fixed guide of the developable surface, when the plane and the curve roll along the guide surface without sliding. The described method of formation of these surfaces allows to perform their formation by the kinematic method in the AutoCAD environment using AutoLISP software. The article describes the construction of the Monge surfaces using cylindrical and conical surfaces as guides. A straight line and a sine wave are used as the forming lines. Results. An algorithm and a program in the AutoLISP language were created to form sets of compartments of several Monge surfaces and to visualize the formation of these surfaces in a dynamic mode by sequentially displaying the compartments on the monitor screen. The mini-film about formation of Monge surface by rolling a plane with a straight line along a circular cone is created. In the mini-film the drawings received by transformation of drawings of the AutoCAD environment are used.
Static and dynamic analyses of the heightening of concrete face gravel dam Limon (Peru)
Authors: Lyapichev Yury P
Published: May 2019

Aims of research. Expert validation of all proposed design solutions, development of necessary design solutions for the heightening of the Limon dam according to the ICOLD recommendations. Methods. The detailed static and seismic (dynamic) analyses of stressstrain state and seepage of concrete face rockfill dam Limon (Peru) were performed using the advanced software FLAC-3D (USA) and PLAXIS 2D (Holland), respectively. The elasto-plastic model with Mohr - Coulomb criterion with variable shear angles of gravel and pebble zones of dam materials and its foundation soils was used in the static and seismic (dynamic) analyses of the dam. The dynamic nonlinear analyses of stress-strain state of two variants of Limon dam with full reservoir under Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) action of the Mar-Chile Earthquake accelerogram. Results. On the base of these analyses the recommendations were developed for the project of the dam heightening from 43 up to 82 m before the initial filling of the reservoir. Expert validation of all proposed design solutions, necessary design solutions for the heightening of the Limon dam were developed according to the ICOLD recommendations.
Possibilities of solving social problems of African countries by means of public-private partnership
Authors: Pashkova E V , Morozenskaya E V , Tambo Talla Herve , Kalinichenko L N
Published: May 2019

The article considers the possibilities of the public-private partnership (PPP) in solving social-economic problems of African countries. The authors analyze the features and perspectives of the PPP mechanism in Africa for solving urgent social problems primarily in the sphere of public services. PPP means state-business cooperation in the spheres that are important for the population’s living standards and has large potential for the social development. Some African counties has already recognized the high efficiency of PPP and use this method for solving such problems as lack of social infrastructure and social development, low quality of the public utilities and poverty. The authors argue that the main sphere of implementing the PPP projects in Africa is the sector of information and telecommunication (IT). The majority of PPP infrastructure projects are implemented in the power economy (especially in Morocco and Egypt). Today, the African governments expand the PPP projects to the power networks development and construction, and to the renewable energy sources exploitation. The article provides some recent examples of the PPP projects in different spheres such as the development of social infrastructure in Africa, including education, public health and maintenance of public order. Due to the global trend of the infrastructure services digitalization and extension of information accessibility, African states take steps for the creation of electronic information portals for the PPP-projects (for example, in Nigeria and Ghana - with the World Bank assistance). Moreover, there are all-regional programs introduced to support initiative projects with the electronic platforms.
Media, institutions, and the Russians’ trust
Authors: Nazarov M M , Ivanov V N , Kublitskaya E A
Published: May 2019

Media is one of the most important social institutions that mediates the attitude of citizens to other institutions of society. Thus, one of the key features of the contemporary society is the trust of citizens in basic social institutions. The article considers the issue of public trust in the Russian media and focuses on the question to what extent the trust of Russian citizens in the mass media depends on the trust in other state and public institutions. The authors’ conclusions are based on the comparative empirical studies in the metropolitan region conducted in 2016-2018. The data show that people do not really trust in media: about a half of respondents do not trust this institution. This is a common trend for the post-Soviet period in general. The authors used binary logistic regression, and found out that distrust in media is significantly correlated with distrust in other institutions such as the president, State Duma, law enforcement agencies, political parties, church, banks and businesses. Moreover, according to the statistical model, the lack of trust in media is determined by social-economic problems, general dissatisfaction with political system, and negative attitudes to media content and its role in the society. When studying trust in media one should take into account the ongoing transformations of media landscape: today the most trusted media are Internet and television (practically the same level of trust). There is also a clear age differentiation: trust in media generally grows with age, although the situation is opposite considering trust in the Internet. The development of media technologies and online services and networks makes it increasingly difficult to assess the level of public trust in media and other institutions.
Aphoristic units recurrence in modern Russian language
Authors: Ivanov Eugene E
Published: May 2019

Modern linguistics focuses on recurrence as a feature and category of various units of language and speech. In this regard, the contrastive analysis of recurrence and reproducibility on the material of set units is particularly relevant. The author attempts to differentiate recurrence and reproducibility at the phrase level. The aims of the work are to establish and describe the linguistically significant parameters of the aphoristic units’ recurrence. The material of the study is about 1000 recurrent aphoristic units in modern Russian language. The units are taken from phraseological and paremiological dictionaries and identified in the speech of native Russian speakers recorded in 2001-2018. The study determines the concept of phrase recurrence as regular phrase formation in typical contexts, not as their frequency as ready-made units in speech. The study identifies that recurrent aphoristic phrases do not have stable components, figurative meanings, neither on the whole nor of their components, and nominative semantics. Recurrent phrases do not refer to the so-called speech “standards” and “stereotypes” that function as “ready-made formulas” and their components have strong connection. Recurrent phrase has free components. Among different phrases with free components, recurrent phrases are close to set phrases in their structure and way of functioning. We can argue that the categorical difference between recurrent and set units is a criterion for determining the scope of phraseology as the part of the language system.
The role of a language in the world’s conceptualization: the aspect of cultural linguistics
Authors: Maslova Valentina A
Published: May 2019

The transition from actual knowledge to the deep one is an important characteristic of all modern humanities, including cognitive linguistics and cultural linguistics. Study of deep knowledge is urgent now. The purpose of the article is to show that the allocation of language categories is a complex integrative process, since the category itself includes both general conceptual bases for combining objects having common essential properties, and knowledge of the rules and mechanisms of such combination. The author concluded that the concept of “language and culture” converge the interests of all sciences that study human beings. Therefore, modern cultural linguistics should explore not only the interaction of language and culture, but also the relationship and interconnections of language and personality, its consciousness and thinking. The article shows certain examples of language meaning in world conceptualization and categorization. It attempts to establish objective and subjective factors shaping the national world picture. One of these factors is the metaphor, which clearly reflects the national specificity of the world perception.
Thrombotic Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Borota A. V. , Borota A. A. , Onishchenko E. V.
Published: May 2019

The risk of thrombotic complications is known to be 3 times higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in healthy individuals, with the relative risk being 15 times higher during the periods of relapses.

Aim. To study and generalize literature data available on the prevention and treatment of IBD thrombotic complications.

Key findings. In the сonditions under study, the presence of chronic inflammation and increased bleeding of the intestinal wall is shown to activate the coagulation system, impair the fibrinolysis system and reduce the activity of natural anticoagulation mechanisms. The concentration of fibrinogen — a protein of the acute inflammation phase — increases significantly. This results in an imbalance of the blood coagulation system with a tendency to hypercoagulation, which significantly increases the risk of thrombotic complications and the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. In turn, the activation of the coagulation cascade may trigger the inflammatory response, which eventually leads to the formation of a vicious circle between chronic inflammation and thrombosis. The pathogenesis of thrombosis in inflammatory colon diseases is a multifactor process, which remains to be understood.Conclusion.The management of patients with IBD in combination with thromboembolic complications requires an individual multidisciplinary approach. Taking into account the pathogenetic factors, the following options are possible in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic complications in IBD: strengthening the basic therapy of the primary disease; administration of prophylactic doses of anticoagulants under dynamic continuous laboratory control in the acute period using the methods of conservative therapy of thrombotic complications (elastic compression of the lower extremities) in the period of exacerbation of the primary disease.
Radon concentrations in multi-story buildings in Montenegro
Authors: Vukotic Perko , Zekic Ranko , Antovic Nevenka , Andjelic Tomislav
Published: May 2019

Change of radon concentrations in dwellings with floor level was studied in six multi-story buildings, in four towns of Montenegro with different climate conditions. The annual aver- age radon activity concentrations in 35 dwellings are found to be very low, mostly at a level of 20-30 Bqm?3. Absorbed gamma dose rates in these dwellings are in the range of 14-58 nGyh?1. The low radon concentrations are a consequence of a good tightness of the structures in contact with the ground and a small contribution of building materials to radon indoors. A clear general trend of changes in radon concentrations with floor level is not observed. In most of the dwellings on different floors in the multi-story building radon concentration varies very little, mostly within measurement error. A small decrease in radon concentration is noted between the two or three floors closest to the ground, but only in some of the buildings. Therefore, a decrease of indoor radon concentration with floor level cannot be considered as a general characteristic of multi-story buildings. Although the seasonal radon variations have not been in the focus of this study, it was found that the average radon activity concentrations in dwellings of the multi-story buildings are higher in warmer than in cooler half-year period, what is contrary to the general rule for homes in the world and in Montenegro as well.
STRATEGI BERTAHAN HIDUP PENGHUNI PEMUKIMAN KUMUH
Authors: Simanjuntak Afriyani , Amal Bakhrul Khair
Published: May 2019

Arus urbanisasi yang pesat di perkotaan ditandai oleh timbulnya pemukiman-pemukiman kumuh menggambarkan kemiskinan suatu daerah. Banyak anggapan masyarakat bahwa kumuh identik dengan kemiskinan. Kondisi lingkungan yang kotor dan bau tak sedap serta bentuk rumah yang mereka tempati, secara fisik dapat dikategorikan masyarakat miskin. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis karakteristik kemiskinan serta strategi-strategi yang dilakukan untuk bertahan hidup di pemukiman kumuh bantaran rel kereta api Kelurahan tegal Sari Mandala II Medan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif yaitu teknik penelitian yang memaparkan data yang ada berdasarkan fakta yang ada di lapangan. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilakukan melalui penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian lapangan bahwa  kemiskinan yang terjadi di  pemukiman kumuh bantaran rel kereta api Kelurahan Tegal Sari Mandala II Medan adalah kemiskinan yang terjadi karena faktor individual dan struktural yang kerap menjerat mereka dalam lingkaran kemiskinan. Hambatan-hambatan struktural yang menjerat di perkotaan membuat mereka untuk mengambil pilihan untuk bekerja dalam lingkup starta sosial rendah di perkotaan. Motif warga di kawasan pemukiman bantaran rel memilih untuk tinggal di kawasan tersebut adalah karena daerah atau kawasannya startegis bagi mereka untuk memelihara hewan berkaki empat (babi). Karena jauh dari wilayah perkotaan (pinggiran kota) mereka memilih untuk mempertahankan dan meingkatkan perekonomian keluarga dengan beternak babi dan bekerja sebagai pemulung. Butuh strategi untuk mencoba keluar dari jerat kemiskinan yang sulit untuk dilepas bagi masyarakat miskin di perkotaan. Pandangan pihak luar merupakan tindakan irrasional, dalam kenyataannya, mungkin merupakan satu-satunya pemecahan dari himpitan kesulitan sosial ekonomi. Adapun strategi atau yang digunakan adalah dengan meningkatkan asset dengan melibatkan lebih banyak anggota keluarga untuk bekerja, memulai usaha kecil-kecilan, memulung barang-barang bekas, menyewakan kamar, menggadaikan barang, meminjam uang di bank atau lintah darat. Meningkatkan asset merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengatasi berbagai permasalahan yang melingkupi kehidupannya.
EKSISTENSI TARI SERAMPANG DUA BELAS PADA SUKU MELAYU DI KAMPUNG JUANI KELURAHAN SIMPANG TIGA PEKAN, KABUPATEN SERDANG BEDAGAI
Authors: Sari Purnama , Rosramadhana Rosramadhana
Published: May 2019

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang eksistensi tari Serampang Dua Belas, pewarisan tari Serampang Dua Belas serta perubahan yang terjadi setelah masuknya tari modern di Kelurahan Simpang Tiga Pekan, Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Tari Serampang Dua Belas merupakan jenis tari tradisional yang dimainkan sebagai tari pergaulan yang mengandung pesan tentang perjalanan kisah anak muda dalam mencari jodoh, mulai dari perkenalan sampai memasuki tahap pernikahan. Tari Serampang Dua Belas memiliki gerakan yang gesit dengan tempo yang cepat. Tarian dengan gerakan tercepat yang terdiri dari 12 (dua belas) gerakan. Pewarisan nilai budaya melalui pertunjukan tari Serampang Dua Belas dapat semakin berkembang, maju dan eksistensinya tetap terjaga dari masa kemasa. Eksistensi tari Serampang Dua Belas dapat kita lihat dari aspek sosial budaya, pewarisan (enkulturasi) dan fungsi. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tari Serampang Dua belas tetap eksis dan dijaga kelestariannya serta diwariskan (enkulturasi) melalui keluarga, sanggar dan festival. Walaupun banyak tari modern yang masuk dan menarik minat para generasi muda tidak membuat mereka melupakan dan mengabaikan tari Serampang Dua Belas. Namun perlu adanya perhatian lebih dari pemerintah terhadap tari Serampang Dua Belas yang terlihat dari kurangnya fasilitas seperti sanggar, kostum tari dan pelatih profesional.
POLA ASUH ANAK ETNIK TAMIANG
Authors: Hariyani Roro Sri
Published: May 2019

Artikel yang merupakan hasil dari penelitian desertasi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola asuh anak etnik Tamiang di Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu penduduk desa sekerak kanan kecamatan Sekerak dan dan desa Paya Udang kecamatan seruwei. Sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian yaitu penduduk etnik Tamiang yang ada di desa Sekerak kanan dan Paya Udang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi langsung, wawancara, serta studi literatur. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin menguraikan suatu kebiasaan yang menjadi pola dalam sistem pengasuhan anak pada etnik Tamiang dan melihat perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi yang diakibatkan oleh beberapa faktor yang melatarbelakanginya. Selanjutnya mengungkapkan berbagai resistensi yang dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mempertahankan adat istiadat dan tata nilai dalam kebudayaan etnik Tamiang yang berhubungan dengan pengasuhan anak. Dari penelitian ini, diperoleh hasil bahwa kelompok etnik Tamiang menjalankan suatu pola pengasuhan secara tradisional yang meliputi: masa kehamilan, kelahiran, dan sampai proses pembesaran anak-anak.  Kelompok ini memiliki cara-cara tersendiri dalam mengasuh anak mereka mulai dari membedung, mendodoi, serta menabalkan nama. Anak-anak etnik Tamiang  juga diajarkan untuk menerapkan sikap menghormati dan menghargai orang yang lebih tua dengan cara menggunakan istilah penyebutan menurut tingkat kelahiran mereka. Kebiasaan ini mengekspresikan suatu identitas budaya etnik Tamiang yang masih dipertahankan sampai saat ini. Dari hasil penelitian juga ditemukan beberapa perubahan dalam pengasuhan anak-anak pada orang etnik Tamiang. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya perbedaan pola pikir. Meskipun demikian, sebagian dari kelompok etnik Tamiang masih melakukan resistensi sebagai upaya untuk mempertahankan tata nilai dan pola asuh menurut adat istiadat etnik Tamiang.
BUDAYA ORGANISASI SEKOLAH DALAM RESTRUKTURISASI DI SEKOLAH BERTARAF INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Kurniati Dwi
Published: May 2019

Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang mengungkapkan perubahan apa yang terjadi  di SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan setelah sekolah ditetapkan menjadi RSBI, bagaimana implementasi RSBI di SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan dan budaya apa yang muncul  di sekolah  dalam implementasi RSBI tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana implementasi RSBI di SMK Negeri1 Percut Sei Tuan dan mengungkapkan budaya apa yang muncul di sekolah dalam implementasi RSBI . Pendekatan kualitatif  yang dikembangkan oleh Spradley (1980) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan  metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Para informan dalam penelitian ini adalah warga sekolah (kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, staf administrasi, guru dan siswa). Untuk menguji validitas data  digunakan teknik triangulasi. Kajian ini berlandaskan pada teori strukturasi Giddens yang menyatakan bahwa perilaku yang berulang dan berpola akan membentuk praktek sosial. Praktek sosial merupakan  perpaduan antara mentalitas individu dan struktur sosial. Struktur sosial merupakan prinsip dan pedoman serta hasil dari praktek sosial. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa perubahan yang terjadi di SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan setelah sekolah ditetapkan menjadi RSBI adalah penerapan 12 janji kinerja kepada sekolah yang terkategorikan ke dalam 4 cakupan yaitu restrukturisasi reorganisasi berdasarkan sistem manajemen mutu, restrukturisasi proses belajar-mengajar, restrukturisasi sarana dan prasarana sekolah, serta restrukturisasi sekolah  berwawasan lingkungan. Restrukturisasi reorganisasi berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan sistem manajemen mutu dalam prosedur sekolah. Restrukturisasi proses belajar-mengajar berkaitan dengan meningkatkan pembelajaran siswa. Restrukturisasi sarana fisik dan sekolah berwawasan lingkungan  berkaitan dengan pemenuhan sarana dan prasarana serta menciptakan kondisi lingkungan sekolah yang tertata rapi, indah dan nyaman. Akhirnya budaya yang muncul di sekolah dalam implementasi RSBI tersebut adalah budaya kerja individu berdasarkan pembagian kerja yang muncul  di atas  perintah.