bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Living with autism: Quality of life assessment for young adults with autism in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Algazlan Aljoud Sulaiman , Alsharidi Tarfa Rashed ,   College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Alqady Banan Sameer ,   College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Alghamdi Maha Fahad ,   College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Alhazmi Mayasem Isa ,   College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Babelli Nada Ismail ,   College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Alayadhi Laila Y. ,   Department of Physiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Published: May 2024

Quality of life (QoL) impacts the future health outcomes of people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Past research, although limited, has shown that people with ASD often experience a lower quality of life. Yet, there's not much research focusing on the quality of life of young adults with autism, especially in Saudi Arabia, where it appears no studies have assessed the QoL of adults with autism. This study aims to evaluate and compare the quality of life between young adults with ASD and those without (a control group) in Saudi Arabia to pinpoint areas that could be improved. The study included 439 participants, with 107 being adults with autism and 332 without (a 1:3 ratio). An Arabic translation of the World Health Organization (WHO) QoL short version (WHOQOL-BREF) was used for assessment. The average age of participants with ASD was 24.82 years, with the average age for diagnosis and starting treatment being around 7.4 and 8.28 years, respectively. Those with ASD reported a significantly lower quality of life (1.68) in all areas compared to the control group (3.96), especially in social relationships (average score=27.01). A negative correlation was found between the age at diagnosis and at starting treatment with overall QoL, suggesting that a delay in diagnosis is associated with a lower quality of life. The study reveals that adults with ASD in Saudi Arabia have a lower QoL in all areas compared to the general population, indicating that early diagnosis and intervention could improve their quality of life. These results emphasize the need for policy changes to better support individuals with ASD in improving their quality of life.
Systemic Chemotherapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Child-Pugh class B
Authors: KUWANO AKIFUMI , YADA MASAYOSHI , TANAKA KOSUKE , KOGA YUTA , NAGASAWA SHIGEHIRO , MASUMOTO AKIHIDE , MOTOMURA KENTA
Published: May 2024

Background/Aim: Numerous agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, are now available for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Most trials involving systemic chemotherapy have included patients with Child-Pugh class A, while excluding or minimally enrolling those with Child-Pugh class B, due to liver dysfunction-related mortality. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors for survival in Child-Pugh class B patients receiving sorafenib (SOR), lenvatinib (LEN), atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (ATZ+BEV), or hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). Patients and Methods: From December 2003 to June 2023, 137 patients with advanced HCC receiving systemic chemotherapies (SOR: n=43, LEN: n=16, ATZ+BEV: n=18, HAIC: n=60) were enrolled. Results: Overall survival (OS) and response rates did not differ significantly across treatments (SOR: 8.3 months, LEN: 10.2 months, ATZ+BEV: 8.5 months, HAIC: 7.3 months). Patients on HAIC and LEN had a lower rate of discontinuing treatment within three months compared to those on ATZ+BEV and SOR. HAIC was associated with fewer changes in ALBI score and better preservation of liver function. Multivariate logistic regression identified serum α-fetoprotein >400 ng/ml [hazard ratio (HR)=1.94; p=0.001], tumor count >5 (HR=1.55; p=0.043), and Child-Pugh score (HR=2.53; p=0.002) as independent predictors of OS. Conclusion: OS and response rates were similar across systemic chemotherapies. Prognosis for HCC in Child-Pugh class B patients was associated with liver function, necessitating further research for optimal treatment.
Gastric Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma With Loss of Epithelial Markers Expression
Authors: YAMADA RIN , UMEMOTO SATOSHI , YONEMITSU KIMIHIRO , KOMOHARA YOSHIHIRO , HOSAKA SEIJI
Published: May 2024

Background/Aim: Given that gastric small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) is notably more aggressive than conventional adenocarcinoma, and a platinum-based regimen aligned with the treatment for pulmonary SCNEC is advocated when chemotherapy is needed, ensuring an accurate pathological diagnosis is paramount. Case Report: A 63-year-old man, examined for melena, underwent gastroscopy which revealed a total circumferential Borrmann type 3 lesion extending from the pylorus to the antrum of the stomach. He underwent a distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. The microscopic examination revealed SCNEC with a minor adenocarcinoma component. Immunohistochemically, the SCNEC was diffusely positive for synaptophysin, CD56, and INSM1, very focally positive for chromogranin A, and negative for leukocyte common antigen, CD3, and CD20. A significant observation in this case was the complete negativity for epithelial markers including keratin (CK7, CK8, CK20, CAM5.2, and AE1/AE3) and epithelial membrane antigen. Conclusion: Diffuse positivity for neuroendocrine markers, negativity for other lineage markers, and a transition from the adenocarcinoma component, if present, serve as significant diagnostic clues for gastric SCNEC with loss of epithelial markers expression. SCNEC should not be excluded solely based on the negative result for epithelial markers.
A Case of Aggressive Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Aberrant Cytoplasmic p53 Aggregation
Authors: YAMADA HIROYUKI , YAMADA RIN , KOMOHARA YOSHIHIRO , MITO REMI , NISHITSUJI KAZUCHIKA , YANO HIROMU , FUJIWARA YUKIO , IKEDA KOEI , SUZUKI MAKOTO
Published: May 2024

Background: Immunohistochemistry for p53 was a well-established method for cancer diagnosis in pathology. Aberrant cytoplasmic p53 positivity reflects the accumulation of p53 aggregates, which has been shown to be associated with chemoresistance and to be a predictive marker of a worse clinical course in ovarian cancer. Case Report: A 65-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with lung cancer, and surgical resection was performed. Multiple metastasis were found 21 months post-surgery. The lesions were resistant to chemotherapy, and he succumbed to the disease 29 months post-surgery. The resected primary lesion was pathologically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma, with notable cytoplasmic p53 positivity indicated by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: Notable aberrant cytoplasmic accumulation of p53 aggregate was observed in the cancer cells of this case. Chemotherapy was ineffective for the recurrent lesions, suggesting a role of p53 aggregates in chemoresistance. Pathological analysis of p53 via immunohistochemistry may be useful in predicting chemoresistance of lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Understanding the Impacts of Online Mental Health Peer Support Forums: Realist Synthesis
Authors: Marshall Paul , Booth Millissa , Coole Matthew , Fothergill Lauren , Glossop Zoe , Haines Jade , Harding Andrew , Johnston Rose , Jones Steven , Lodge Christopher , Machin Karen , Meacock Rachel , Nielson Kristi , Puddephatt Jo-Anne , Rakic Tamara , Rayson Paul , Robinson Heather , Rycroft-Malone Jo , Shryane Nick , Swithenbank Zoe , Wise Sara , Lobban Fiona
Published: May 2024

Background

Online forums are widely used for mental health peer support. However, evidence of their safety and effectiveness is mixed. Further research focused on articulating the contexts in which positive and negative impacts emerge from forum use is required to inform innovations in implementation.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a realist program theory to explain the impacts of online mental health peer support forums on users.

Methods

We conducted a realist synthesis of literature published between 2019 and 2023 and 18 stakeholder interviews with forum staff.

Results

Synthesis of 102 evidence sources and 18 interviews produced an overarching program theory comprising 22 context-mechanism-outcome configurations. Findings indicate that users’ perceptions of psychological safety and the personal relevance of forum content are foundational to ongoing engagement. Safe and active forums that provide convenient access to information and advice can lead to improvements in mental health self-efficacy. Within the context of welcoming and nonjudgmental communities, users may benefit from the opportunity to explore personal difficulties with peers, experience reduced isolation and normalization of mental health experiences, and engage in mutual encouragement. The program theory highlights the vital role of moderators in creating facilitative online spaces, stimulating community engagement, and limiting access to distressing content. A key challenge for organizations that host mental health forums lies in balancing forum openness and anonymity with the need to enforce rules, such as restrictions on what users can discuss, to promote community safety.

Conclusions

This is the first realist synthesis of online mental health peer support forums. The novel program theory highlights how successful implementation depends on establishing protocols for enhancing safety and strategies for maintaining user engagement to promote forum sustainability.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42022352528; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=352528
The Role of Scientific Research in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Discussions on Twitter: Social Network Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Jessiman-Perreault Geneviève , Boucher Jean-Christophe , Kim So Youn , Frenette Nicole , Badami Abbas , Smith Henry M , Allen Scott Lisa K
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Attitudes toward the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and accuracy of information shared about this topic in web-based settings vary widely. As real-time, global exposure to web-based discourse about HPV immunization shapes the attitudes of people toward vaccination, the spread of misinformation and misrepresentation of scientific knowledge contribute to vaccine hesitancy.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aimed to better understand the type and quality of scientific research shared on Twitter (recently rebranded as X) by vaccine-hesitant and vaccine-confident communities.

METHODS

To analyze the use of scientific research on social media, we collected tweets and retweets using a list of keywords associated with HPV and HPV vaccines using the Academic Research Product Track application programming interface from January 2019 to May 2021. From this data set, we identified tweets referring to or sharing scientific literature through a Boolean search for any tweets with embedded links, hashtags, or keywords associated with scientific papers. First, we used social network analysis to build a retweet or reply network to identify the clusters of users belonging to either the vaccine-confident or vaccine-hesitant communities. Second, we thematically assessed all shared papers based on typology of evidence. Finally, we compared the quality of research evidence and bibliometrics between the shared papers in the vaccine-confident and vaccine-hesitant communities.

RESULTS

We extracted 250 unique scientific papers (including peer-reviewed papers, preprints, and gray literature) from approximately 1 million English-language tweets. Social network maps were generated for the vaccine-confident and vaccine-hesitant communities sharing scientific research on Twitter. Vaccine-hesitant communities share fewer scientific papers; yet, these are more broadly disseminated despite being published in less prestigious journals compared to those shared by the vaccine-confident community.

CONCLUSIONS

Vaccine-hesitant communities have adopted communication tools traditionally wielded by health promotion communities. Vaccine-confident communities would benefit from a more cohesive communication strategy to communicate their messages more widely and effectively.

CLINICALTRIAL
Internet Use and Higher-Level Functional Capacity Decline Suppression in Japanese Older Adults With Low Education: JAGES 2016-2019 Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Tajika Atsuko , Nakagomi Atsushi , Miyaguni Yasuhiro , Koga Chie , Kondo Katsunori , Ojima Toshiyuki
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Higher-level functional capacity (HLFC) is crucial for the independent living of older adults. While internet use positively impacts the health of older adults, its effect on HLFC and how this effect varies with educational attainment remains uncertain.

OBJECTIVE

This longitudinal study aimed to investigate whether internet use could mitigate the risk of HLFC decline and if this benefit extends to older adults with lower levels of education.

METHODS

The data were sourced from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES), encompassing 8050 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older from 2016 to 2019. The study focused on those who remained self-sufficient from 2016 to 2019, identifying participants with independent HLFC in 2016. The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence defined HLFC operationally, consisting of 3 subscales, namely instrumental activities of daily living, intellectual activity, and social role. The primary variable was the frequency of internet use in 2016; participants who reported using the internet were classified as internet users, while those who answered “No” were identified as nonusers. The study compared the effects of internet use on HLFC decline across educational levels of ≤9 years, 10-12 years, and ≥13 years using Poisson regression analysis adjusted for robust SE to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI for HLFC decline in 2019.

RESULTS

After adjusting for demographic and health condition risk factors, internet use was significantly linked to a decreased risk of HLFC decline in older adults over 3 years, including those with lower educational levels. Internet users with ≤9 years of educational attainment experienced a suppressed decline in the total score (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.76; P<.001); instrumental activities of daily living (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38-0.91; P=.02), intellectual activity (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41-0.89; P=.01), and social role (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.97; P=.03) compared with nonusers. Participants with 10-12 years of education showed suppression rates of 0.78 (95% CI 0.63-0.98; P=.03), 0.59 (95% CI 0.39-0.90; P=.01), 0.91 (95% CI 0.63-1.31; P=.61), and 0.82 (95% CI 0.68-1.00; P=.05), respectively, and those with ≥13 years displayed suppression rates of 0.65 (95% CI 0.51-0.85; P=.001), 0.55 (95% CI 0.36-0.83; P=.01), 0.64 (95% CI 0.37-1.10; P=.11), and 0.83 (95% CI 0.64-1.08; P=.17), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings indicate that internet use supports the maintenance of HLFC independence in older adults with higher education and those with lower educational levels. Encouraging internet use among older adults with lower levels of education through future policies could help narrow functional health disparities associated with educational attainment.
Cocreation of a Video Feedback Tool for Managing Self-Care at Home With Pairs of Older Adults: Remote Experience-Based Co-Design Study (Preprint)
Authors: Strandberg Susanna , Ekstedt Mirjam , Fagerström Cecilia , Backåberg Sofia
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Involving older adults in co-design processes is essential in developing digital technologies and health care solutions to enhance self-care management at home, especially for older adults with chronic illness and their companions. Remote co-design approaches could provide technologically sustainable solutions that address their personal needs.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to cocreate and test the usability of a video feedback tool to facilitate self-care management at home.

METHODS

This experience-based co-design approach involved collaboration between 4 pairs of older adults, 4 researchers, and 2 service designers in three steps: (1) six iterative workshops (5 remote and 1 in person) to cocreate self-care exercises within an existing video feedback tool by identifying factors influencing self-care management; (2) developing and refining the self-care exercises based on suggestions from the older adults; and (3) usability testing of the cocreated exercises with the 4 pairs of older adults in their homes. Among the older adults (68-78 years), 3 adults had heart failure and 1 adult had hypertension. Data were analyzed inductively through thematic analysis and deductively using the USABILITY (Use of Technology to Engage in Adaptation by Older Adults and/or Those With Low or Limited Literacy) framework.

RESULTS

The identified influencing factors guiding the contents and format development of 2 new self-care exercises were that pairs of older adults support and learn from each other in performing self-care, which increases their motivation and engagement in practicing self-care at home. The usability test of the 2 new self-care exercises, “Breathing exercises” and “Picking up from the floor,” revealed that the pairs found the exercises and the video feedback component valuable for learning and understanding, for example, by comparison of performances highlighting movement variability. However, they found it difficult to manage the video feedback tool on their own, and a support structure or tailored education or training was requested.

CONCLUSIONS

This study emphasizes that the video feedback tool holds the potential to facilitate learning and understanding in self-care management, which may support motivation. The studied video feedback tool can be beneficial for pairs of older adults managing self-care at home as a complement to traditional health care services, but an accurate supporting structure is required. The effectiveness of the video feedback tool and its integration into existing health care services still need to be assessed and improved through careful design and structured support.
Exploring the Effect of Sampling Frequency on Real-World Mobility, Sedentary Behaviour, Physical Activity and Sleep Outcomes Measured with Wearable Devices in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Feasibility, Usability and Practical Considerations. (Preprint)
Authors: Sarvestan Javad , Baker Kenneth, F, , Del Din Silvia
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Modern treat-to-target management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves titration of drug therapy to achieve remission, requiring close monitoring of disease activity through frequent clinical assessments. Accelerometry offers a novel method for continuous remote monitoring of RA activity by capturing fluctuations in mobility, sedentary behaviours, physical activity and sleep patterns over prolonged periods, without the expense, inconvenience and environmental impact of extra hospital visits.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to: (a) assess the feasibility, usability and acceptability of wearable devices in patients with active RA; (b) investigate the multivariate relationships within the dataset; and (c) explore robustness of accelerometry outcomes to downsampling to facilitate future prolonged monitoring.

METHODS

Eleven patients with active RA newly starting an arthritis drug completed clinical assessments at 4-week intervals for 12 weeks. Participants wore an Axivity AX6 wrist device (sampling frequency 100Hz) for 7 days after each clinical assessment. Measures of macro gait (volume, pattern and variability), micro gait (pace, rhythm, variability, asymmetry and postural control of walking), sedentary behaviour (standing, sitting and lying) and physical activity (moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA], sustained inactive bouts [SIBs]) and sleep outcomes (sleep duration, wake up after sleep onset, number of awakenings) were recorded. Feasibility, usability and acceptability of wearable devices was assessed using Rabinovich’s questionnaire, principal component (PC) analysis was used to investigate the multivariate relationships within the dataset, and Bland-Altman plots (bias and Limits of Agreement) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used to test robustness of outcomes sampled at 100Hz versus downsampled at 50Hz and 25Hz.

RESULTS

Wearable devices obtained high feasibility, usability and acceptability scores among participants. Macro gait outcomes and MVPA (first PC), and micro gait outcomes and number of SIBs (second PC) exhibited the strongest loadings, with these first two PCs accounting for 40% of the variance of the dataset. Furthermore, these devices metrics were robust to downsampling, showing good to excellent agreements (ICC≥0.75).

CONCLUSIONS

We identified two main domains of mobility, physical activity and sleep outcomes of people with RA: micro gait outcomes plus MVPA, and micro gait outcomes plus number of SIBs. Combined with high usability and acceptability of wearable devices, and robustness of outcomes to downsampling, our real-world data supports the feasibility of accelerometry for prolonged remote monitoring of RA disease activity.
Correction: Three-Day Monitoring of Adhesive Single-Lead Electrocardiogram Patch for Premature Ventricular Complex: Prospective Study for Diagnosis Validation and Evaluation of Burden Fluctuation (Preprint)
Authors: Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Choi Eue-Keun , Lee So-Ryoung , Kwon Soonil , Song Hee-Seok , Lee Young-Shin , Oh Seil
Published: May 2024

UNSTRUCTURED
Pharmacists’ Trust in Automated Pill Recognition Technology: The Role of Presenting AI Uncertainty Information (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Jin Yong , Marshall Vincent D. , Rowell Brigid , Chen Qiyuan , Zheng Yifan , Lee John D. , Kontar Raed Al , Lester Corey , Yang X. Jessie
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Dispensing errors significantly contribute to adverse drug events, resulting in substantial healthcare costs and patient harm. Automated pill verification technologies have been developed to aid pharmacists with medication dispensing. However, pharmacists’ trust in such automated technologies remains unexplored.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate pharmacists’ trust in automated pill verification technology designed to support medication dispensing.

METHODS

Thirty participants performed a simulated pill verification task with the help of an imperfect AI aid recommending acceptance or rejection of a filled medication. The experiment employed a mixed-subjects design. The between-subjects factor was the AI aid type, with or without an AI uncertainty plot. The within-subjects factor was the four potential verification outcomes: AI rejects the incorrect drug, AI rejects the correct drug, AI approves the incorrect drug, and AI approves the correct drug.

RESULTS

Participants had an average trust propensity score of 72 out of 100 (SD = 18.08), indicating a positive attitude towards trusting automated technologies. The introduction of an uncertainty plot to the AI aid significantly enhanced pharmacists’ end trust (t(28) = -1.854, p = .037). Trust dynamics were influenced by AI aid type and verification outcome. Specifically, pharmacists using the AI aid with the uncertainty plot had a significantly larger trust increment when AI approved the correct drug (t(78.98) = 3.93, p < .001) and a significantly larger trust decrement when AI approved the incorrect drug (t(2939.72) = -4.78, p < .001). Intriguingly, the absence of the uncertainty plot led to an increase in trust when AI correctly rejected an incorrect drug, whereas the presence of the plot resulted in a decrease in trust under the same circumstances (t(509.77) = -3.96, p < .001). A pronounced “negativity bias” was observed, where the degree of trust reduction when AI made an error exceeded the trust gain when AI made a correct decision (z = -11.30, p < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first attempt to examine pharmacists’ trust in automated pill verification technology. Our findings reveal that pharmacists have a favorable disposition toward trusting automation. Moreover, providing uncertainty information about the AI’s recommendation significantly boosts pharmacists’ trust in the AI aid, highlighting the importance of developing transparent AI systems within healthcare.
Analysis of the Transmutation of Chinese Archetypes in The Woman Warrior
Authors: Yan Ruijuan , Huang Jun , Luo Qiuyu , Fu Yajiao
Published: May 2024

Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior is a rich tapestry of Chinese literary archetypes interwoven with the fabric of American culture, reflecting the complex identity of Chinese Americans. The use of archetypal figures such as Hua Mulan and Yue Fei serves multiple purposes: they represent the struggle against racial discrimination, embody the resistance to cultural invasion, and symbolize the quest for a unique ethnic voice within the immigrant experience. The article will explore the major Chinese archetypes in The Woman Warrior and the reasons why these archetypes undergo transformation and change.
Selectividad estratégica contra los gobiernos de cambio: el caso de Chile durante el gobierno de la Nueva Mayoría (2014-2018)
Authors: Lobos Meza Luis Alberto
Published: May 2024

Una breve contextualización sobre la conformación histórica e implicancias en Latinoamérica del Estado, junto con una aproximación conceptual del mismo son los primeros factores que introducen el presente trabajo.  El objetivo es determinar la selectividad estratégica del Estado, y los obstáculos que desde esta selectividad enfrentan los gobiernos de cambio en la región, se utiliza como caso de análisis Chile y el gobierno de la coalición “Nueva Mayoría” (2014-2018). Lo anterior se realiza mediante la perspectiva teórica del Enfoque Estratégico Relacional desarrollado por Bob Jessop, junto con la aplicación práctica efectuada por Juan Carlos Monedero, se buscará mirar el Estado a partir de dimensiones, tres de ámbitos institucionales o formales y otras tres vinculadas al discurso y acción del Estado.
El Príncipe desde el sujeto oprimido y subalterno latinoamericano
Authors: Ávila Rojas Odín
Published: May 2024

En este texto se estudia la noción de pueblo y la manera en que ésta influye en la construcción de la voluntad colectiva del Estado como un problema de subalternidad. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la idea de subalternidad en Maquiavelo a partir de la interpretación que hace Gramsci sobre su obra. Además, dicho análisis busca aportar claves para reflexionar sobre el sujeto latinoamericano desde su condición de oprimido y de subalternidad en la actualidad. La metodología empleada fue un análisis documental con un enfoque interdisciplinario entre la teoría política y las ciencias sociales. En conclusión, el sujeto latinoamericano no es predeterminado y se encuentra en un proceso de construcción histórica frente a la dominación y el poder impuesto por el capitalismo.
Tone Tracker
Authors: Sharmila Mrs. E.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Tone Tracker's integration of BERT and LSTM technologies allows it to predict and flag offensive language in both Tamil and English social media comments. BERT, a transformer-based model, enables the tool to understand the semantic context of text in multiple languages, ensuring accurate detection of inappropriate content regardless of language. The incorporation of LSTM further enhances this capability by capturing nuanced contextual information, refining the tool's proficiency in content moderation for both Tamil and English content. With its user-friendly features, Tone Tracker becomes accessible to a diverse user base, empowering them to swiftly remove offensive content in both languages and contribute to fostering a secure digital environment. This groundbreaking innovation not only boosts content moderation efficiency but also ensures scalability across various digital platforms, making it adaptable to the linguistic diversity of online communities. Ultimately, Tone Tracker, powered by LSTM and BERT, plays a pivotal role in cultivating positive online spaces where users can engage confidently and respectfully in both Tamil and English.
Comparative Analysis of VGG16, RESNET50, AND CNN Models for Lung Disease Prediction: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Naik Amogh
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Utilizing deep learning methods in medical image analysis has shown promise in enhancing disease detection and diagnosis. In this study, we conducted a detailed comparative analysis of threewidely recognized convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures: VGG16, ResNet50, and a custom CNN model tailored for pneumonia and COVID-19 detection from chest X-ray images. Leveraging transfer learning techniques and meticulously curated datasets, we evaluated the models' performance in accurately identifying respiratory diseases. Our investigation utilized two publicly available datasets, the ChestX-ray14 dataset and the NIH Chest X-ray Dataset, both annotated for pneumonia and COVID-19. Prior to model training, we conducted thorough preprocessing to ensure optimal data quality and consistency. Through rigorous experimentation, we assessed the models' accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in disease detection. The results revealed nuanced differences in model performance across disease categories. While VGG16 demonstrated robust accuracy in pneumonia detection, ResNet50 exhibited enhanced sensitivity and specificity in identifying COVID-19 cases. Our custom CNN model, leveraging insights from both architectures, showcased competitive performance, emphasizing the importance of tailored model design for optimal diagnostic outcomes. Through comprehensive analysis and discussion, we elucidated the strengths and limitations of each model, considering factors such as computational efficiency, interpretability, and generalizability. Our findings underscore the potential of deep learningbased diagnostic tools in supporting healthcare professionals in timely and accurate disease diagnosis
A Comprehensive Study on Detection of Water Bodies using Satellite Imagery
Authors: Biradar Dr. Rajkumar L.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Satellite imagery plays a crucial role in overseeing and safeguarding natural resources, particularly water bodies like lakes, rivers, and oceans, which hold significant environmental and human value. Detecting water body pixels in satellite images is a key aspect of environmental management and planning. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), offer promising solutions for tasks like object detection and segmentation in image processing. This study leverages CNNs and RNNs to precisely identify water body pixels in satellite images, aiming to develop a model capable of accurately distinguishing between water and non-water pixels. Such a model holds practical significance for environmental monitoring and management efforts
A Systematic Review on Explainable AI in Legal Domain
Authors: Joshi Mr. Gautam
Published: May 2024

Abstract: In the past few years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a game-changer in many fields, including law. AI can speed up decision-making and make it more accurate. However, AI often makes decisions in ways that are hard to understand. This lack of clarity is a big problem in law, where decisions can change lives. This review brings together current research on Explainable AI (XAI) in law. It looks at the different AI methods used and how XAI affects legal decision-making. The review also deals with the ethical and practical issues of using XAI, like biases and privacy concerns. By tackling these challenges, the legal world can use XAI effectively while sticking to fairness and responsibility. Our goal is to assist researchers, lawyers, and policymakers in making AI in law more transparent, fair, and trustworthy.
ANALISIS FIQH MUAMALAH DAN FATWA DSN MUI NO. 145 TAHUN 2021 TERHADAP PRAKTIK JUAL BELI ONLINE DROPSHIPPING DI KOTA BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA
Authors: Iskandar Teuku Agam
Published: May 2024

The majority of scholars are of the opinion that the practice of dropship is haram because of this form of buying and selling, where the goods sold do not belong to the drop shipper (seller). This research aims to find out about the law of online drop shipping according to DSN-MUI Fatwa No.145 of 2021. This research uses the juridical-normative method, where the main data is obtained from a number of laws and regulations, fatwas of scholars and other secondary data. The results show that drop shipping is permissible as long as it does not conflict with the provisions of Islamic law: first, the drop shipper must first buy goods from the supplier before the goods are sold to the buyer; second, the drop shipper and the supplier have worked together so that the drop shipper has been authorized to sell the goods; third, there is a sighat ijab-kabul or contract that has been regulated in the fatwa; fourth, there is clarity about the goods, both in form, quality, cost and delivery time; fifth, there is a dispute resolution mechanism between drop shipper, supplier and consumer.
Political Martyrdom Revisited: Iran’s Contemporary Perspective and Insights from the Woman-Life-Freedom Uprising
Authors: Didyk Oksana
Published: May 2024

Martyrdom holds significant cultural and historical importance in Iranian culture. It has deep roots in Shia Islam, the predominant religion in Iran, and frequently appears in Iranians’ collective memory. The concept of martyrdom gained significant prominence during the Iran-Iraq War (1980 - 1988) when many Iranians, including soldiers and civilians, lost their lives while defending their country. The war led to a surge in a culture surrounding martyrdom, with commemorations, ceremonies and rituals that continue today. Years after the war, new conceptions of martyrdom appeared, and the traditional ones transformed. The latest uprisings in Iran in 2022, with the slogan ‘woman-life-freedom’, have spurred a lively discussion as to how to consider martyrdom nowadays. This article examines the concept of martyrdom, offering fresh interpretations influenced by generational shifts and the rise of social activism in the 2020s, which diverge from traditional revolutionary ideologies. Drawing from survey data and qualitative interviews, the research proposes a taxonomy of martyr categories.
“Antes de saber para onde vai, é preciso saber quem é”: entrevista com o professor Douglas Verrangia Corrêa da Silva sobre educação para as relações étnico-raciais, ensino de ciências e a lei 10.639/2003
Authors: Correia Moura Fabiana , Verrangia Douglas
Published: May 2024

Este texto apresenta a entrevista com o professor Douglas Verrangia da Silva, Professor da Universidade Federal de São Carlos. A entrevista foi construída de forma dialógica. O roteiro inicial foi previamente enviado e em seguida agendamos a data da entrevista pela Plataforma Google Meet. A proposta tem por objetivo tecer reflexões sobre o Ensino de Ciências na perspectiva das relações étnico-raciais. As elaborações e respostas textualmente apresentadas, evidenciam o olhar para a formação do professor de Biologia, os atravessamentos refletidos nos desdobramentos teóricos da ação didático-pedagógica e o entrelace da história de vida, atuação profissional, experiência, escolhas teórico-metodológicas, formação docente, práxis e pesquisa afroreferenciada.
que permanece, revela e SOME (n)o Ensino Médio modular do campo na Amazônia paraense
Authors: Alves João Paulo da Conceição , Almeida Rosilene Ferreira de
Published: May 2024

O presente trabalho constitui-se a partir de pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação e Cultura (PPGEDUC) na Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) no ano de 2021, onde foi feita uma abordagem sobre as práticas pedagógicas dos docentes do SOME em uma localidade ribeirinha no município de Cametá no estado do Pará. Para a elaboração deste artigo nosso objetivo foi apresentar uma análise realizada sobre o ensino médio na Amazônia, em particular o Sistema de Organização Modular de Ensino (SOME) no contexto dos jovens estudantes ribeirinhos paraenses. Como procedimentos metodológicos utilizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica, ancorados em uma abordagem qualitativa, com método investigativo de estudo de caso, como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizamos a observação e a entrevista semiestruturada com professores, alunos, representante da comunidade e coordenadora pedagógica em uma escola na comunidade de Parurú de Baixo no município de Cametá, para explorar e melhor compreender a realidade social usamos como técnica a análise de conteúdo como suporte. Diante dos aportes teóricos e os relatos dos entrevistados nossos estudos apontaram que o ensino médio no campo, especificamente na localidade investigada não vem sendo ofertado de forma satisfatória porque uma educação de qualidade não se materializa com poucos investimentos, sem apoio logístico e infraestrutural suficiente e principalmente em ambientes inadequados onde o processo educativo não desperta o interesse do educando.
Retinitis Pigmentosa with Bilateral Ectopia Lentis
Authors: K Srikanth
Published: May 2024

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a degenerative disorder characterized by a diverse array of ocular and systemic manifestations, was initially reported in 1857. Despite over a century of research, zonular weakness in RP still remains unsolved. We report a late presentation of bilateral inferior subluxation of lens, with visible zonular fibres. The patient exhibited no systemic abnormalities suggestive of a syndromic presentation. This appears to be a rare instance of bilateral concurrent spontaneous ectopia lentis (EL) associated with RP, with no syndromic association. It serves as a wake-up call for urgent need of further research in understanding the aetiology of RP.
Conformation Techniques for False Smut Pathogen (U. virens) on Rice through Cultural and Molecular Tools in Telangana
Authors: Somshetty Ravali , Basha S. Ameer , Pushpavalli S. N. C. V. L. , Babu T. Kiran , Mohan Y. Chandra , Naik B. Balaji
Published: May 2024

The study was conducted during period of January to April, 2022 at the Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana state, India. The main objective of this study was to investigate cultural and morphological characteristics of U. virens isolates on potato sucrose medium (PSA) and their molecular confirmation collected from rice growing regions of Telangana during the kharif (rainy season), 2021. The isolates showed varying colony diameters and growth rates, with Uv3 reaching a maximum diameter of 77 mm and a growth rate of 2.85 mm, while Uv11 exhibited a minimum diameter of 40 mm with a growth rate of 1.48 mm. Notably, twenty two isolates showed diverse characteristics, including colony color, elevation, zonation, sectoring, and chlamydospore formation. Cluster analysis revealed the formation of five major groups, each group containing isolates with distinct features and PCR amplification with universal and species-specific primers yielded products of 700 bp and 380 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis, indicated, Uv3 and Uv15 belonged to clade X and clade VII, respectively, both comprising Indian isolates. In contrast, Uv4 was grouped under clade II, which included both Chinese and Indian isolates. The proposed technique coupled with information of U. virens will immensely contribute to further studies on this fungus and false smut disease in India.
La videoconferencia para favorecer el aprendizaje: una perspectiva del estudiantado de la UVEG
Authors: Ramírez Hernández Nancy Fabiola
Published: May 2024

El acelerado avance de la tecnología y la creciente demanda de formación académica han propiciado la utilización de videoconferencias en el ámbito de la enseñanza virtual como un espacio primordial para la interacción y el aprendizaje colaborativo entre docentes y estudiantes. Esta modalidad, de hecho, se erige como un medio motivador para aquellos que optan por la educación a distancia. Sin embargo, la incursión de las TIC en el ámbito educativo suscita interrogantes de índole compleja, especialmente en lo que respecta a la calidad del aprendizaje en entornos virtuales. Por ende, e presente estudio tiene por objeto explorar la perspectiva de los estudiantes en línea de la licenciatura en Pedagogía de la Universidad Virtual del Estado de Guanajuato (UVEG), específicamente en lo concerniente a las sesiones sincrónicas virtuales en la asignatura de didáctica. Para eso, y como instrumento de recolección de datos, se empleó una encuesta dirigida a una muestra representativa de estudiantes. Los temas abordados incluyen la participación en las sesiones virtuales sincrónicas, su impacto en el aprendizaje, cómo favorecen este último y qué aspectos consideran pertinentes para su inclusión en dichos encuentros. Los resultados revelaron que los estudiantes valoran las videoconferencias como una herramienta fundamental para su formación, pues les permite resolver dudas, acceder a información complementaria y colaborar con sus pares. Además, reconocen su relevancia en el desarrollo profesional. La videoconferencia, por ende, emerge como un medio idóneo para respaldar la educación a distancia al facilitar la interacción entre docentes y estudiantes, y brindar entornos propicios para la construcción de conocimiento significativo.
Ditadura Militar Brasileira (1964-1985)
Authors: Gumes Gláucia Celeste Frota , Magalhães Lívia Diana Rocha
Published: May 2024

Neste texto, tomamos como objeto de reflexão as marcas da violenta ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985) sobre familiares de presos, perseguidos e desaparecidos políticos.  Recuperamos a memória da dor e sofrimento de três mulheres que sofreram a perda de familiares queridos cujas vidas foram ceifadas durante a tenebrosa ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985). Buscamos compreender quais foram as consequências dessas perdas sobre a saúde emocional, física e social dos parentes próximos de desaparecidos ou assassinados pela governo ditatorial. Utilizamos, como metodologia, entrevistas abertas, também chamadas “em profundidade”. Nos amparamos nas discussões teóricas sobre memória traumática social e biológica para o entendimento do processo de construção de uma memória individual-coletiva e social, uma vez que a violência Estatal atinge, não apenas indivíduos, mas também, as bases democráticas e humanitárias de uma sociedade. A partir dos relatos das nossas entrevistadas, observamos que os impactos das ações do Estado ditatorial foi grande e persiste como uma memória traumática até os dias atuais. Diante disso, nos posicionamos sobre a importância da instauração de políticas públicas de assistência aos atingidos por essa violência, bem como a necessidade de continuarmos a dar visibilidade a estas memórias.
Consumption of Energy and AB Mix Nutrition in A Controlled Verticulture Hydroponic Applications of Curly Red and Green Lettuce
Authors: Agustina Hilda , Angraini Dika Tri , Putri Veby Angela , Kuncoro Endo Argo , Tunggal Tri , Harmanda Fidel
Published: May 2024

The green lettuce and Curly red lettuce have a high potential to be developed as commercial crops on limited land with verticulture cultivation system. The use of this cultivation system must be supported by adequate nutrients and water in addition to optimal environmental conditions. By using the vertical hydroponic plant cultivation method will increase the growth of Curly red and green lettuce plants. The method used is an experimental method and the data is processed using polynomial analysis method and descriptive method. The observation parameters in this study consisted of main parameters (flow rate, power requirement, energy requirement, and water pressure calculation). In addition, supporting parameters were evaluated including plant height, leaf count, fresh weight of plants, plant productivity, and harvest yield. Data were analyzed using descriptive and regression methods. The power requirement used from the initial stage of transplanting to harvest is 640.8 W. The total energy requirement used from the initial planting process to the harvest process is 2563.2 Wh. The average AB mix requirement of each stage of plant is 972.0 ppm; 1231.9 ppm; 1158.1 ppm; 1092.4 ppm. Flow rate is directly proportional to temperature; if the temperature increases, the flow rate for nutrients will increase, and if the temperature decreases, the flow rate will decrease for the fertigation system. Keywords: Energy, Hydroponic, Lettuce, Nutrition, Verticulture cultivation.
Принцип Парето: предсказуемые концентрации ресурса в самоорганизующихся системах
Authors: Грачев Геннадий
Published: May 2024

Начиная с конца XIX в. во многих областях знания широко используют эмпирический принцип Парето, отображающий неравномерность распределения причин и следствий в виде правила 20:80. Однако признавая его очевидную пользу он изначально вызывал множество вопросов относительно долей этого правила. В этой работе автор показывает, в каких случаях правило 20:80 является научным законом и какие причины приводят к отклонениям от него. Рассмотрены применения принципа Парето в физике, геохимии, в биологии, филологии, в экономической географии, в политологии, в экономике и в управлении банковскими системами
ВРАЧЕБНАЯ ОШИБКА: ПРОБНЫЙ СКРИНИНГ ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ ПУБЛИКАЦИЙ
Authors: Тихомиров Алексей
Published: May 2024

Врачебная ошибка – номинация без содержания – получила широкое признание в качестве объекта исследования притом, что не обнаруживает научной и практической ценности для правовой доктрины. Пробный скрининг тематических публикаций продемонстрировал полную разобщенность представлений авторов – юристов и врачей (клиницистов и организаторов), ученых и практиков-специалистов, преподавателей и учащихся – о предмете своих публикаций. Тенденции к продуктивным подходам, позитивной логике приведения разрозненных взглядов к единому знаменателю правовой защиты здоровья пациента, а не наказания врача при оказании медицинской помощи в исследованных публикациях на тему врачебных ошибок не выявлено.
La configuración del modo de gobernanza local proyectista en el suroriente colombiano
Authors: Martínez Basallo Sandra Patricia , Escobar Tello María Paula
Published: May 2024

Con las políticas de ajuste estructural emprendidas en la década de 1980, los gobiernos latinoamericanos cedieron el control de la prestación de los bienes y servicios públicos a otros actores, lo que produjo diversas modalidades de gobernanza. El artículo desentraña la configuración del modo de gobernanza local proyectista que se gestó en una región del suroriente colombiano como expresión de los cambios en el ejercicio de la autoridad estatal. Para ello, se enfoca en tres dimensiones de la gobernanza: los actores que implementan proyectos agroambientales, la brecha entre normas oficiales y normas prácticas, y las interpretaciones de los destinatarios de estos proyectos. Se concluye que este modo de gobernanza legitima ciertos sistemas de relaciones de los que se benefician múltiples actores.
KLJUČNI INDIKATORI PERFORMANSI U SEKTORU NABAVKE
Authors: Buljić Lana
Published: May 2024

U radu je dat pregled literature u oblasti ključnih indikatora performansi u organizacijama i najpoznatiji modeli za njihovo merenje. Analizirano je trenutno stanje indikatora u sektoru nabavke na posmatranom preduzeću, uočeni su nedostaci i dati dalji predlozi za unapređenje sistema indikatora.
PRIMENA SCRUM PRILAZA U UPRAVLJANJU PROJEKTIMA DIZAJNA ENTERIJERA
Authors: Rakoš Kristina
Published: May 2024

Tema ovog rada jeste razvoj novog načina upravljanja projektima dizajna enterijera uz primenu Scrum prilaza. U okviru rada osmišljene su uloge i aktivnosti spajanjem Scrum prilaza sa postojećim fazama projekata dizajna enterijera. Pored toga, rad se bavi razvojem nove verzije aplikacije za upravljanje ovim prijektima uz primenu Scrum-a.
ISPITIVANJE SINDROMA SAGOREVANJA KOD PROJEKTNIH TIMOVA ZAPOSLENIH U SOFTVERSKOJ INDUSTRIJI U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Authors: Zečević Ivana
Published: May 2024

Rad predstavlja teoretsku i praktičnu analizu sindroma sagorevanja u softverskoj industriji u Srbiji. U radu su ispitani mnogi aspekti projektnog menadžmenta i njihov uticaj na stvaranje ovog sindroma. Takođe, sprovedena je i anketa na navedenu temu, priloženi su rezultati, te načini prevencije i prevazilaženja ove problematike.