bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Does Collaborating With Green Influencers Backfire? An Experimental Analysis of how Authenticity Components Shape Consumer Reactions to Sponsored Content
Authors: Giambastiani Gaia , Romito Stefano , Vurro Clodia
Published: January 2025

This study explores the role of perceived authenticity in shaping the persuasiveness of sponsored content by green influencers. We examine how variations in the importance of six authenticity component judgments—accuracy, connectedness, integrity, legitimacy, originality, and proficiency—influence consumers' intentions to change their behavior following green influencers' advice in the case of sponsored and nonsponsored content. To this end, we conducted an experiment with 486 active social media users who follow at least one green influencer. Results indicate that, although sponsored content typically diminishes the intent to follow green influencer advice, this effect is contingent upon the relative importance attributed to the authenticity components by consumers. Further, cluster analysis identified distinct consumer segments that vary in their response to sponsored content based on their perceptions of authenticity. We offer guidance to green influencers and companies on how to authentically tailor their sustainable collaborations.
An Investigation Into the Positive and Negative Outcomes for Clinicians Working With Child Survivors of Sexual Abuse
Authors: Sheehan Diarmuid , Nelson Joanne , Carr Alan
Published: January 2025

Working with children who have experienced child sexual abuse (CSA) may have a negative impact on a clinician's wellbeing. However, there is some evidence to indicate CSA work may also result in positive outcomes for the clinician. This study aimed to explore the positive and negative outcomes for clinicians working with CSA. Eighteen clinicians working across a range of services in Ireland and the United Kingdom participated in this study. All were involved in the management of CSA, and their ages ranged between 31 and 53 years (mean = 41.9 years). Participants were recruited through an opt‐in regime following a targeted advertisement and email campaign. Semi‐structured interviews were completed to explore clinicians' perceived experiences of the positive and negative outcomes of CSA work. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. The thematic analysis developed four themes and four subthemes. The first two were ‘Protecting the Clinician’ and ‘Fulfilment from CSA Work’, which identified participants' subjective understanding of what systemic supports and personal actions maintain their psychological and physical wellbeing. The third and fourth themes, ‘Intrapersonal Disruption’ and ‘The Multiple Challenges of CSA Work’, described the difficulties of working with CSA and the negative impact it can have for clinicians. Findings highlight the importance of supporting clinicians to develop protective strategies to manage the negative impact of CSA work while also acknowledging the positive outcomes, notably a sense of fulfilment associated with working in this specialist area.
The History of Studies on Oxetane Ring Formation in Paclitaxel Biosynthesis
Authors: Li Changkang , Yin Xinxin , Dai Jungui
Published: January 2025

There is no doubt that breakthroughs in the enzyme‐mediated formation of the oxetane ring in paclitaxel biosynthesis constitute significant milestones in the biosynthesis of complex natural products. In this review, we summarize the understanding of the biosynthesis of the oxetane ring of paclitaxel from different viewpoints. Generally, it covers five aspects, (1) a different understanding of the mechanistic formation of the oxetane ring on the basis of sound chemical reasoning, (2) a reasonable speculation of the biosynthetic pathways and suitable surrogate substrates for oxetane ring formation based on the natural and chemical logical analysis, (3) Taxus genome‐enabled enzymes identification, (4) the discovery of different enzymes that mediate oxetane ring formation, and (5) a mechanistic investigation involving the use of isotopic labelling experiments and quantum chemical calculations. This review provides a detailed overview of the history of the studies on the oxetane ring formation in paclitaxel biosynthesis, which may be useful for a better understanding this process in combined view of nature, chemistry and biology logics, also for efficient heterologous reconstruction of the paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway in the future.
Mammary Gland Reactive Stroma Characterization at Aging After Bisphenol A Exposure During Hormonal Susceptibility Windows
Authors: Brito Filho Gervásio Evangelista , Ruiz Thalles Fernando Rocha , de Souza Lorena Gabriela , Ferrato Luara Jesus , dos Santos Fernanda Cristina Alcantara , Vilamaior Patricia Simone Leite , Leonel Ellen Cristina Rivas , Taboga Sebastião Roberto
Published: January 2025

Mammary glands development is influenced by endocrine signaling, which remodels epithelial and stromal compartments. Reactive stroma phenotype is observed when stromal disturbances occur, leading to changes in extracellular matrix composition and occurrence of reactive cell types. One of the triggers of these alterations is endocrine‐disrupting chemical exposure, such as bisphenol A (BPA). Studies suggest that BPA acts on receptor binding sites of several hormones interfering the endocrine response. The aim of this study was to investigate the reactive stroma features on mammary glands of aged female gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) exposed to BPA during windows of susceptibility. Thus, the analysis of cellular profile and growth factor expressions was provided. Fibroblastic population changed in BPA‐exposed mammary glands, with a remarkable increase of myofibroblasts (vimentin+/α‐SMA+) and active fibroblasts (FAP+). Normal fibroblasts (vimentin+/α‐SMA−) were decreased mainly associated with the increase of FGF‐10, an inductor of fibroblastic polarization. CD34+ stromal cells were also identified and detected among epithelial cells after BPA‐induction disruption. Angiogenesis was supported by VEGF increasing in the gland tissue, which promoted an increase in blood vessel density. Thus, our results demonstrated that reactive stroma was raised in the mammary gland after BPA exposure. This profile was supported by changes in the fibroblastic population due to an induction to synthetic phenotypes and the expression of FGF‐10, as well as the angiogenic activity that could corroborate with the malignancy and aggressiveness induced by BPA exposure.
Sulfidation of CoMoP catalysts: genesis of the Mo multiscale organization from oxides to sulfides
Authors: Cottrez Candice , Humbert Severine , Gay Anne-Sophie , Devers Elodie , De Geuser Frederic , Legens Christèle , Carrier Xavier , Chaumonnot Alexandra
Published: January 2025

MoS2 active phase found in CoMoP/Al2O3 catalysts can be described as a multiscale Mo organization with MoS2 slabs and slab aggregates. The aim of this paper is to understand how such multiscale organization is formed from the oxide initial state. Sulfidation of two catalysts impregnated with 26 %wt MoO3, one dried, the other one freeze‐dried, has been followed ex situ by EXAFS, XPS and ASAXS. Initially, two types of Mo oxide precursors are present on the support such as dispersed MoO42‐ species and oxide aggregates constituted of heteropolyanions, polymolybdates and H6AlMo6O246‐ Anderson HPA (AlMo6). A 3‐step genesis is highlighted during the sulfidation regardless of the catalyst: i) AlMo6 depolymerizes into MoO42‐ entities from RT to 240°C, ii) MoO42‐ is preferentially sulfided compared to other entities and slab aggregates sulfidation is delayed in the presence of important MoO42‐ amount, iii) restructuration of the slabs within slab aggregates occurs during sulfidation of the latter and leads to their expansion. The drying method (drying or freeze‐drying) influences the kinetics of this 3‐steps genesis. As the freeze‐dried catalyst presents more AlMo6 and thus MoO42‐, a late restructuration within aggregates leads to larger ones. Initial speciation of the catalysts determines the final Mo multiscale organization.
Asymmetries in the Architecture of ON and OFF Arbors in ON–OFF Direction‐Selective Ganglion Cells
Authors: Philip Sheba Annie , Singh Narendra Pratap , Viswanathan Saranya , Parida Priyanka , Sethuramanujam Santhosh
Published: January 2025

Direction selectivity is a fundamental feature in the visual system. In the retina, direction selectivity is independently computed by ON and OFF circuits. However, the advantages of extracting directional information from these two independent circuits are unclear. To gain insights, we examined the ON–OFF direction‐selective ganglion cells (DSGCs), which recombine signals from both circuits. Specifically, we investigated the dendritic architecture of these neurons with the premise that asymmetries in architecture will provide insights into function. Scrutinizing the dendrites of dye‐filled ON–OFF DSGCs reveals that the OFF arbors of these neurons are substantially denser. The increase in density can be primarily attributed to the higher branching seen in OFF arbors. Further, analysis of ON–OFF DSGCs in a previously published serial block‐face electron microscopy dataset revealed that the denser OFF arbors packed more bipolar synapses per unit dendritic length. These asymmetries in the dendritic architecture suggest that the ON–OFF DSGC preferentially magnifies the synaptic drive of the OFF pathway, potentially allowing it to encode information distinct from the ON pathway.
Ultrathin 2D Co‐MOF Showcasing Remarkable Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Coupled with Unparalleled Stability
Authors: Sood Parul , Bagdwal Harshita , Krishankant  , Joshi Arti , Singh Monika
Published: January 2025

Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) is typically carried out utilizing noble metals and metal oxides based nanostructures. Yet, due to their numerous drawbacks, including high cost, poor stability and negative environmental effects; researchers are driven to create new electro‐active materials. To that end, we report an ultrathin 2D Co‐MOF [Co2(bpe)2.5(NO3)4(CH3O)] (Co‐MOF) that crystallized under hydrothermal conditions, showing a terrific OER activity with an overpotential of 267 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and the low Tafel slope value of 104 mV dec−1. Two‐dimensional MOFs offer numerous advantages over 3D MOFs such as better exposure and accessibility of active sites. The layered structure of 2D MOFs can provide greater structural flexibility, which can be beneficial for accommodating the changes during the OER process and maintaining structural integrity under operating conditions. The performance of Co‐MOF surpasses commercially available OER catalyst RuO2, demonstrating an unprecedented prolonged stability of 112 hours, which, to the best of our knowledge, represents the longest stability, observed for any pristine MOF to date. From the post‐OER characterization, it was discovered that in situ formed species, Co(OH)2 and CoOOH served as the active sites responsible for oxygen evolution.
Phase transition of parabolic Ginzburg–Landau equation with potentials of high‐dimensional wells
Authors: Liu Yuning
Published: January 2025

In this work, we study the co‐dimensional one interface limit and geometric motions of parabolic Ginzburg–Landau systems with potentials of high‐dimensional wells. The main result generalizes the one by Lin et al. (Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 65 (2012), no. 6, 833–888) to a dynamical case. In particular combining modulated energy methods and weak convergence methods, we derive the limiting harmonic heat flows in the inner and outer bulk regions segregated by the sharp interface, and a non‐standard boundary condition for them. These results are valid provided that the initial datum of the system is well‐prepared under natural energy assumptions.
PtAu‐Carbon Nanotube/Glassy Carbon Electrode Composite Based Electrochemical Sensor for High‐Precision Detection of Tetracycline
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Tianpeng , Feng Yanghai , Zhu Lei , Jia Jiping , Zhang Hui , Du Yukou
Published: January 2025

With enrichment of tetracycline (TC) in ecosystems, its accurate detection has become a major concern. Noble‐metal nano‐particles have attracted great interest as potential materials for sensing applications because of their remarkable electrical properties and adaptability. Herein, a novel electro‐chemical detection technique based on carbon nano‐tubes (CNTs) as the support material is developed to detect TC with high precision. To achieve a characteristic response to TC, a composite electrode for detection electrode is prepared by loading platinum‐gold (PtAu) nano‐particles on CNTs surface via electro‐deposition. The oxidation peak at 0.38 V is used as the signal probe to draw a standard curve by comparing the intensities of the oxidation peaks at various TC concentrations. The PtAu‐CNTs/GCE sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity (LOD=1.05×10−8 mol/L) and anti‐interference properties. This study demonstrates the potential for TC detection in complex environments.
FPGA Implementation of PRNGs Based on Chaotic Systems Optimized by DE, GWO, and PSO
Authors: Fernanda Moreno‐López María , Joel Lara‐Martinez Angel , Maritza Gonzalez‐Zapata Astrid , Silva‐Juarez Alejandro , Gerardo de la Fraga Luis , Tlelo‐Cuautle Esteban
Published: January 2025

The optimization of chaotic systems remains a challenge because the search space of the design parameters can have several orders of magnitude, causing that the corresponding eigenvalues can be very sparse, thus producing unnecessary long simulation times. This imposes the need of estimating the step‐size of the numerical method that discretizes the ordinary differential equations. In this manner, the proposed work shows the optimization of chaotic systems, by applying differential evolution (DE), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. Within the optimization loop, is estimated taking into account the inverse of the highest eigenvalue, and the total time simulation is estimated by taking the inverse of the lowest eigenvalue. The constraints consider that a chaotic system is simulated only if there exist two complex eigenvalues and if the Fourier transform of the chaotic time series has a spectrum area in a certain threshold. A single‐objective function is associated to maximize the Kaplan–Yorke dimension , and then PSO, DE, and GWO are executed with the same number of runs, generations, and population individuals. Their performances are compared by Wilcoxon and Levene tests. The best solutions obtained for each optimization algorithm and for each chaotic system are used to implement pseudo‐random number generators (PRNG). Finally, the PRNGs that passed NIST and TestU01 tests are implemented into a field‐programmable gate array.
Comparative Analysis of Plasma Sheath Characteristics in One‐Dimensional and Three‐Dimensional Velocity Spaces Governing Nonextensive Electron Density
Authors: Jdaini Oussama , Missaoui Abdelhak , El Bojaddaini Mohamed , El Kaouini Morad , Chatei Hassan
Published: January 2025

In this study, we developed a model to explore the characteristics of a magnetized plasma sheath, containing positive ions, electrons, and neutral particles. The ions are described using a fluid model based on the continuity and momentum equations, while the electron distribution is analyzed using three cases: the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution and the Tsallis distribution in both 1‐D and 3‐D velocity spaces. Applying the Sagdeev method, we established the modified Bohm sheath criterion to obtain the required ion velocity at the sheath entrance for all three cases. The lower Mach number limit for Bohm velocity modification depends on factors such as ion temperature, ionization frequency, collision frequency, magnetic field angle, nonextensive parameter , and the velocity space governing the density of nonextensive electrons, independent of magnetic field magnitude. Additionally, the electron velocity distribution was analyzed for various q‐values, revealing that in 3‐D velocity space, the energy range is broad and extensive, while in 1‐D velocity spaces, it is narrower and confined within the broader 3‐D interval. We examined the influence of key parameters on sheath characteristics under the Maxwellian distribution, as well as in 1‐D and 3‐D velocity spaces for the Tsallis distribution. The results demonstrated significant differences between the three cases, showing that in the 3‐D case, the sheath thickness expands more compared to the 1‐D and the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. This underscores the significance of accounting for the dimensionality of velocity space when investigating plasma sheath phenomena. Such understanding is crucial for optimizing plasma‐surface interactions in various applications.
The UK National Youth Work Curriculum—Democratic challenges from Finland
Authors: Kiilakoski Tomi , Ord Jon
Published: January 2025

This article compares the only two countries—the UK and Finland—that have systematically applied the concept of curriculum to youth work on the national level. It begins by charting the development of a curriculum in youth work in England which has culminated in the production of the new UK government's Department for Culture Media & Sport funded ‘National Curriculum for Youth Work’ produced by the NYA in 2020. Whilst this entails a shift for youth work in England and removes an element of democracy for local youth workers to agree and establish their own priorities, it does provide a clear policy direction for a beleaguered youth sector. This article then discusses the published findings of a 10‐year action research project led by the Finnish Youth Research Society which has worked with local youth workers and managers in a variety of municipal youth work organizations (N = 6) to establish local youth work curricula. The model has been utilized in 26 municipalities since. The Finnish experience provides a marked contrast to the UK youth work curriculum, as they argue their approach is a more authentic method of establishing a youth work curriculum. The documents produced a clear representations of youth work practice and they contrast with the top‐down national curriculum framework. Whilst the UK model may be a positive response to the policy challenges facing youth workers in the UK—the Finnish experience raises questions of the currency within and ownership by the field of any youth work curriculum.
Off‐Grid DOA Estimation of Acoustic Vector Sensor Array Based on Look Ahead Strategy in Impulsive Noise
Authors: Shan Zebiao , Yao Ruiguang , Liu Xiaosong , Liu Yunqing
Published: January 2025

To address the issue of low direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation accuracy for acoustic vector sensor arrays under impulsive noise and grid mismatch conditions, a look ahead orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm based on phased fractional lower‐order moments (PFLOM) is proposed. First, the algorithm uses PFLOM to suppress impulsive noise and reconstructs the PFLOM matrix using a vectorization operator. Next, it introduces off‐grid deviation by performing a first‐order Taylor expansion on the steering vector matrix, constructing a PFLOM‐based off‐grid sparse DOA model. Then, the look ahead strategy is introduced into the algorithm to select the optimal atoms by predicting their impact on the residuals. Finally, the joint sparsity of the coarse DOA estimation and the off‐grid deviation vector is exploited to calculate the corresponding off‐grid deviation using the alternating direction iteration method, resulting in the DOA estimation for the off‐grid targets. Computer simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, with experimental results showing higher estimation accuracy and success rate compared with existing methods.
Review of Associations of Diabetes and Insulin Resistance With Brain Health in Three Harmonised Cohort Studies of Ageing and Dementia
Authors: Biswas Roshni , Capuano Ana W. , Mehta Rupal I. , Barnes Lisa L. , Bennett David A. , Arvanitakis Zoe
Published: January 2025

Diabetes increases the risk of dementia, and insulin resistance (IR) has emerged as a potential unifying feature. Here, we review published findings over the past 2 decades on the relation of diabetes and IR to brain health, including those related to cognition and neuropathology, in the Religious Orders Study, the Rush Memory and Aging Project, and the Minority Aging Research Study (ROS/MAP/MARS), three harmonised cohort studies of ageing and dementia at the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (RADC). A wide range of participant data, including information on medical conditions such as diabetes and neuropsychological tests, as well as other clinical and laboratory‐based data collected annually. Neuropathology data are collected in participants who agree to autopsy at death. Recent studies have measured additional peripheral and brain IR data, including multi‐omics. This review summarises findings from the RADC cohort studies that investigate the relation of diabetes and IR in older adults to cognition, neuropathology, omics in dementia, and other brain health measures. Examining the risk of clinically diagnosed dementia in older adults, our study found a 65% increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia in individuals with diabetes compared with those without. Regarding cognitive function, we have consistently observed associations of diabetes, as well as both peripheral and brain IR, with worse and declining performance in global cognition and specific cognitive domains, particularly semantic memory and perceptual speed. Studies utilising neuropathological data showed associations of diabetes and peripheral IR with brain infarcts, while brain IR measures, notably alpha serine/threonine‐protein kinase1 (AKT1), were associated with both brain infarcts and AD pathology. Multi‐omics studies suggested shared causal genes and pathways between diabetes and dementia. Recent epigenetic studies have revealed associations between IR and AD risk, along with distinct 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine signatures in diabetes‐associated AD. Furthermore, our studies have utilised other available data to investigate the impact of diabetes on neurological outcomes other than cognition and reported worsening of parkinsonian‐like signs in diabetes. Recent studies have also explored risk factors for diabetes and have reported associations between lower literacy and decision‐making abilities with elevated haemoglobin A1C levels, a peripheral IR measure. Overall, our findings, as summarised in this review, illustrate a range of mechanistic and other insights into the complex relationship of diabetes and IR with brain health. These findings may have important implications for future research on the ageing brain, including the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in persons at risk for or with diabetes.
Habitat Unit Mapping in Large River: Combining Ecological Opinions and Hydrodynamic Modelling to Inform River Management
Authors: Xie Qingrong , Wang Li , Yang Shengfa , Zhang Shuaishuai , Xiao Yi , Zhang Peng , Hu Jiang , Li Wenjie , Yang Jin
Published: January 2025

Restoration of complex river ecosystems requires an understanding of the availability of habitat for populations and multi‐scale choices. Habitat unit (HU) mapping classifies river habitats, aiding in establishing the connection between the physical and biological conditions of rivers. Mid‐scale HU classification can effectively predict fish habitat utilization patterns and has been developed and applied in numerous small to medium‐sized river classifications. However, the delimitation of habitat units (HUs) for large rivers remains in its preliminary stages. This study used a two‐dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic numerical model to calculate hydrodynamic data and forms ecological expert opinions based on the swimming abilities of typical fish species and geomorphic characteristics. A HU mapping procedure was constructed to describe the mesohabitat heterogeneity of HUs in the fluctuating backwater areas of the upper Yangtze River. Results indicated: (1) Rich diversity of habitats in the investigated river segment. HUs exhibit evident patterns in their planar, longitudinal, and lateral distribution. (2) Discharge magnitude influences the stability of HUs, leading to transitions between HU types. During the storage and falling periods, no dominant HU was observed, whereas the fast channel unit dominates during flood period, resulting in a reduction of the preferred habitat of fish. (3) Field monitoring of fish communities validates the potential of HU mapping in describing habitat utilization, which HUs such as pools and riffles were favoured by fish, while fast channel and slackwater unit were actively avoided, confirming the efficacy of the procedure. This research holds significant implications for habitat restoration in river management.
A Real‐Time Adaptive Machine Learning Charging and Neural Network Balancing Mechanism of Lithium‐Ion Battery Pack
Authors: Malik Gaurav , Saini Manish Kumar
Published: January 2025

In this article, a real‐time novel adaptive deep neural network (A‐DNN) charging scheme is proposed which increases the life of the batteries by controlling the heating impact inside the battery. The input variables used in the charging algorithm are state of charge (SoC), state of health (SoH), voltage (V), current (I), and temperature (T) which makes the algorithm adaptive toward the temperature deviation and reduces the peak overshoot of the temperature at different SoH of the batteries. The parameters of the battery 1‐RC model are estimated by the forgetting factor recursive least square (FF‐RLS) method. The SoC and SoH are estimated by the dual‐particle filter (D‐PF) algorithm. Furthermore, a DNN balancing mechanism sensitive to SoC and SoH is developed to avoid the fault in the battery during the charging process. The A‐DNN charging algorithm is compared with the constant current constant voltage (CC‐CV), constant current pulse charging (CC‐PC), and deep neural network (DNN) charging algorithms at 40°C, 45°C, and 50°C. The A‐DNN outperforms in terms of peak temperature, incremental life, and charging time of the batteries at 45°C. The proposed charging methodology reduces the economic cost of the EVs by increasing the life of the battery by 34.41% at 45°C as compared to the other algorithms.
Assessing the Equitable Renewable Energy Access and Environmental Justice for Sustainable Development in China
Authors: Yu Jiaojiao , Shen Jianjiang
Published: January 2025

The pursuit of sustainable development in China necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of renewable energy access and environmental justice. As China experiences rapid economic growth and shifts towards cleaner energy sources, it is crucial to examine the fairness of renewable energy distribution and the equitable allocation of environmental benefits and burdens. This study explores the complexities involved in balancing renewable energy, social equity, and environmental factors. A twofold methodological approach was employed such as the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was first used to systematically assess the equity of renewable energy distribution, identifying six key factors and 24 sub‐factors that influence renewable energy access and environmental justice. The results from fuzzy AHP show that the distribution of environmental burdens and socio‐economic equity are the most critical factors shaping renewable energy access and environmental justice. To further refine strategic insights, the fuzzy complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) method was applied, ranking six strategic approaches for advancing renewable energy access and environmental justice. The top‐ranked strategy was expanding renewable energy infrastructure in underserved regions which emerged as the most impactful, emphasising the importance of addressing geographic disparities. Following closely were strategies aimed at strengthening financial mechanisms for low‐income households and promoting community‐led renewable energy projects, emphasising the importance of economic support and local empowerment in achieving energy justice.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Anorexia Nervosa in a Middle‐Aged Woman: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Baroudi Maen Nizam , Joudeh Anwar I. , Alattiya Mohammed Kays , Lutf Abdo Qaid Ahmed , Abuzaid Hassan , Mahdi Salah
Published: January 2025

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multisystemic involvement and unclear etiology. Although SLE could be linked to multiple neuropsychiatric manifestations, the co‐occurrence of anorexia nervosa was only described through a few case reports that mainly affected children and adolescents.

Case Presentation

a 40‐year‐old Filipina woman presented to hospital with a 3‐day history of agitation, anorexia and auditory hallucinations. She also had restrictive dietary habits with substantial weight loss and excessive fear of weight gain for the past several months. Her medical history was also noticeable for a 3‐month history of erythematous non‐itchy skin rash. On examination, the patient was pale and underweight. She had angular stomatitis, bilateral exophthalmos, and diffuse goiter. Skin examination revealed diffuse scaly and erythematous rash over the neck and upper torso with post‐inflammatory skin discoloration. Laboratory investigations showed pancytopenia, high serum creatinine, and +1 proteinuria. Further workup confirmed thyrotoxicosis due to Graves disease as well as having multiple positive autoantibodies including antinuclear antibody (ANA) which were suggestive for SLE. A subsequent kidney biopsy demonstrated class IV diffuse lupus nephritis. The patient was treated successfully with intravenous pulse steroid therapy, rituximab, and antithyroid medications with no residual symptoms or laboratory abnormalities.

Conclusions

The concurrence of anorexia nervosa with SLE and the complete resolution of anorexia nervosa symptoms with immunosuppressive therapy suggest common autoinflammatory pathogenesis for both conditions. Further research is needed to elucidate any potential association between SLE and anorexia nervosa.
Scan Converter Tubes and their Applications
Authors: Nagy G. T.
Published: January 2025

The scan converter tube described in this paper is a special Cathode Ray Tube used for the bright display conversion of air traffic control displays. In recent years, this device was further developed for several other display systems, for storage, scan conversion and signal integration. The tubes developed by several manufacturers are designed with different target systems and, therefore, different operation principles. The theory of the target systems and operation principles, storage capabilities and properties are discussed. The two major types of tubes, the single and dual gun tube construction and their applications, are described in a form which shows the usefulness and further potential for the future of this device.
Multi‐Sensor Displays‐Two Approaches
Authors: Harsh M. D.
Published: January 2025

The display of signals from two or more information‐gathering sensors on a single monitoring device has become an increasing problem in military detection and surveillance systems. During the past year, RCA has made a concentrated study of the basic functional requirements of multi‐sensor display systems, and has also observed carefully the development of prototype multi‐sensor systems which utilize RCA devices and those of other manufacturers. Simultaneously, analyses were made of the performance capabilities of the different classes of display devices which relate to the basic functional requirements of such display systems. This report reviews the results of these analyses.
Legibility requirements for educational television
Authors: Neal Alan S.
Published: January 2025

To find out how classroom seating affects the student's view of a televised lesson, the quality of a video tape display was evaluated at distances equivalent to that of the last row of seats in a classroom. Displays of alphanumeric symbols allowed quantitative performance measurements that can be generalized to other types of images. The legibility of the televised symbols was measured in terms of the accuracy with which viewers could copy the random character sequences on an input/output typewriter connected to a computer. Four variables were tested: (1) scan lines per character height; (2) bandwidths of 2.5, 3.1, and 4.0 MHz; (3) visual angle formed by the displayed character at the eye; and (4) the off‐axis from which the monitor was viewed.

As expected, accuracy improved as the visual angle and number of scan lines increased, and was reduced as the off‐axis angle increased. The average number of characters keyed per minute was also measured, with similar, but less consistent, results. Though viewers could often perceive the bandwidth differences, the results showed no significant effect of bandwidth on accuracy or throughput. Tests with a special lownoise video tape also revealed no significant effect on performance.

These results are translated into recommendations for classroom viewing, indicating the maximum distance and angle from the monitor within which students should be seated.
Experimental evaluation of the resolution capabilities of image‐transmission systems
Authors: Knudson Donald R. , Teicher S. N. , Reintjes J. F. , Gronemann U. F.
Published: January 2025

The resolution capabilities of an experimental image‐transmission system intended for microfilm library application have been investigated. The modulation‐transfer‐function concept is used as a quantitative measure of component and overallsystem performance. The theory of MTF is discussed with emphasis on the analogy between the spatialand temporal‐frequency domains. Practical techniques for measuring the MTF's of electro‐optical components are developed and results obtained from measurements made on specific components are presented. Also included in the paper are the conclusions which have been reached on line‐scan requirements for a highresolution microfilm facsimile system.
Characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 Entry Genes in Skeletal Muscle and Impacts of In Vitro Versus In Vivo Infection
Authors: Bhattarai Salyan , Kaufmann Eva , Liang Feng , Zheng Yumin , Gusev Ekaterina , Hamid Qutayba , Ding Jun , Divangahi Maziar , Petrof Basil J.
Published: January 2025

Background

COVID‐19 has been associated with both respiratory (diaphragm) and non‐respiratory (limb) muscle atrophy. It is unclear if SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of skeletal muscle plays a role in these changes. This study sought to: 1) determine if cells comprising skeletal muscle tissue, particularly myofibres, express the molecular components required for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection; 2) assess the capacity for direct SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and its impact on atrophy pathway genes in myogenic cells; and 3) in an animal model of COVID‐19, examine the relationship between viral infection of skeletal muscle and myofibre atrophy within the diaphragm and limb muscles.

Methods

We used in silico bioinformatics analysis of published human single cell RNA‐seq datasets, as well as direct qPCR examination of human myotubes and diaphragm biopsies, to assess expression of key genes involved in SARS‐CoV‐2 cellular entry. In Vitro, we determined the ability of SARS‐CoV‐2 to directly infect myogenic cells and employed qPCR to assess the impact on muscle atrophy pathway genes (ubiquitin‐proteasome, autophagy). In vivo, the diaphragm and quadriceps of Roborovski hamsters with SARS‐CoV‐2 respiratory infection were examined at day 3 post‐inoculation to evaluate the relationship between atrophy pathway and SARS‐CoV‐2 transcripts by qPCR, as well as histological measurements of myofibre morphology.

Results

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the primary receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2, as well as cooperating proteases (furin, cathepsins B and L), are expressed by myofibres. ACE2 expression was increased 5‐fold (p = 0.01) in the diaphragms of mechanically ventilated human subjects compared to controls. In Vitro, a time‐dependent increase of SARS‐CoV‐2 transcript levels was observed in myotubes directly exposed to the virus (p = 0.002). This was associated with downregulation of the ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 (by 64%, p = 0.002) and the autophagy gene LC3B (by 31%, p = 0.009). In contrast, in vivo infection led to upregulation of MuRF1 in quadriceps (23‐fold, p = 0.0007) and autophagy genes in both quadriceps (5.2‐fold for Gabarapl1, p = 0.03; 7‐fold for p62, p = 0.0002) and diaphragm (2.2‐fold for Gabarapl1, p = 0.03; 2.3‐fold for p62, p = 0.057). In infected hamsters the diaphragm lacked viral transcripts but exhibited atrophy (48% decrease in myofibre area; p = 0.02), whereas the quadriceps lacked myofibre atrophy despite elevated viral transcripts in the muscle.

Conclusions

Although myogenic cells express the genes required for SARS‐CoV‐2 entry and can be directly infected, there was no evident relationship between viral transcript levels and manifestations of atrophy, either in vitro or in vivo. Our results do not support direct myofibre infection by SARS‐CoV‐2 as a likely cause of atrophy in COVID‐19.
Evaluation by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy of the Effects of Root Canal Instrumentation on the Radicular Dentine
Authors: Brinza Corina‐Alexandra , Salceanu Mihaela , Melian Anca , Taraboanta Ionut , Cimpoesu Ramona , Giuroiu Cristian‐Levente , Sandu Ion , Andrian Sorin
Published: January 2025

One area of technological advancement has been the shift from stainless steel hand tools to nickel‐titanium (Ni‐Ti) rotary tools. This paper aims to perform an in vitro comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of five endodontic manual and rotary instruments such as Kerr files, Orodeka Plex V, ProTaper Flydent NiTi super files, and ProTaper Flydent NiTi super files in combination with an ultrasonic endodontic E3D Diamantata EMS scaler used for root canal shaping. The following aspects were highlighted: effective removal of smear layer (SL) from the dentinal tubules in the coronal 1/3, middle 1/3, and apical 1/3 of the root canal, appearance of cracks in the dentinal walls by SEM analysis, and highlighting of dentin mineral content and remnant debris by EDX analysis. In the study, 48 monoradicular, uninjured teeth were taken and divided into four groups, each with 12 teeth to be canal modeled, then longitudinally sectioned; the active surface was metallized for SEM–EDX analysis. From the SEM micrograph analysis, the morphology of the crystallites, the distribution of SL components, and the highlighting of instrumentation path traces/amplitudes were observed. By analyzing the SEM photomicrographs at 750 and 800× magnification, it was possible to highlight the cracks in the root dentinal walls. Thus, in comparison with Lots I and II which did not present cracks, in Lot III multiple cracks of the root dentinal walls were identified, especially in the coronal 1/3, and in Lot IV cracks were present with preponderance in the coronal and apical 1/3 of the root canals. The EDX images with atom mapping show very well the rather homogeneous elemental distribution for Ca, N, and P, respectively inhomogeneous for Na, Ca, Si, C, N, O, and P elements, as a result of the presence of remnant products from the processing of the root dentinal walls. Root canal instrumentation performed with both manual Kerr needle instrumentation by a convection technique and the rotary, Orodeka system, by crown‐down technique, resulted in minimal SL formation in all three root canal areas, unlike the ProTaper FlyDent system. Most cracks were recorded in the case of the ProTaper Flydent rotary instruments and the one in which it was paired with a diamond ultrasonic scaler. The occurrence of dentinal cracks causes a decrease in dentinal microhardness, favoring the occurrence of root fractures.
Effect of dose administration aids on adherence of self‐administered medications: a systematic review
Authors: Chaudhri Kanika , Gnanenthiran Sonali R. , Williams Anastasia , Kearney Madeleine , Day Richard O. , Rodgers Anthony , Atkins Emily R.
Published: January 2025

Aim

Failure to self‐administer a medication is the most common reason for non‐adherence. Dose administration aids (DAAs) are a simple and common solution to improve unintentional non‐adherence for oral tablets. They range from compartmentalised pill boxes and automated medication dispensing devices to blister packs. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the current literature assessing the impact of DAAs on medication adherence.

Data sources

A search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library was conducted from the beginning of each database until April 2023.

Study selection

A search strategy and keywords list were developed with a medical research librarian. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. The primary outcome was to assess the effects of DAAs on medication adherence. The secondary outcome was to evaluate the changes in any health outcomes documented. The study was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement and registered with PROSPERO (Study registration: CRD42018096087).

Results

Twenty‐two randomised controlled trials were included. Median adherence improved within the intervention groups for self‐reported (95.5%, range: 88%–100% vs 84.5%, range: 83%–98%) and non‐self‐reported (88%, range: 54%–100% vs 70%, range: 83%–98%) adherence compared to usual care. However, self‐reported adherence was higher in both intervention and control groups than non‐self‐reported adherence. Measured changes to health outcomes included cardiovascular outcomes, plasma levels, cure rates for malaria, hospital admissions, venous thromboembolism, and anaemia. Even though self‐reported adherence levels were high, included studies did not report many statistically significant improvements in health outcomes with DAAs.

Conclusion

The use of DAAs can considerably improve medication adherence, with limited data suggesting positive effects on patient outcomes. Healthcare providers should consider the use of these aids as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for patients who struggle with medication adherence.
Early Prognostic Markers for Idiopathic Facial Palsy
Authors: Vaca Miguel , Alonso Belén , Polo Rubén , Medina María del Mar , Cordero Adela , Pérez Cecilia , de los Santos Gonzalo
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To analyze the prognostic value of markers available at the onset of idiopathic facial palsy. To define the evolution of the episode by tracing changes in facial function over time.

Methods

This is an observational prospective study on patients with facial palsy consulting in the first 24 hs. The evolution was recorded with photographs and monthly visits. Multivariate analysis was conducted between clinical and analytical parameters determined in the first visit and prognostic outcomes: progression, resolution, and “facial palsy evolution index,” which integrates severity of the palsy and duration.

Results

Sixty‐five patients were included. The mean initial HB grade was III, but 31% of the cases progressed in the following days. Complete recovery was observed in 89.5% of the cases (mean duration of the episode of 48 days), and exposure keratitis in 21.5%, with a mean of 42 days after the onset. Multivariate analysis showed that retroauricular pain and white blood cell count were significantly related to progression (odds ratio [OR] 19.08; 1.49, p < 0.05), incomplete resolution (OR 1/0.04; 1/0.59, p < 0.05), and higher evolution index (12.8; 2.9, p < 0.05). Age was also significantly associated with evolution index (0.27, p < 0.05), and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio with progression (OR 1.02, p < 0.05). The rest of the parameters did not show an association with prognosis.

Conclusions

Retroauricular pain and white blood cell count are early indicators of prognosis in idiopathic facial palsy. Initial examinations may not reflect the maximum grade of weakness reached by the patient. Ocular complications can occur several weeks after the onset, even with mild grades of paralysis.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2025
Wave‐driven plant reconfiguration modifies light availability in seagrass meadows
Authors: Mandel Tracy L. , Zhu Longhuan
Published: January 2025

Seagrasses are considered foundation species in marine and estuarine ecosystems by contributing biomass, providing habitat, and damping waves and currents. Globally, seagrass health and primary productivity are threatened by factors that affect light availability, such as shading by algae and epiphytes, self‐shading, and increased water column turbidity. This study focuses on how plant motion and reconfiguration lead to shading of an individual plant by itself and its neighbors, and how wave conditions, plant material properties, and shoot density affect light availability along a seagrass blade. We use a simple ray‐optics shading model with the plant motion model of Zhu et al. (2020; Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 125:e2019JC015517) for a flexible blade under wavy flow to understand how phase‐resolved plant behavior affects light availability as a function of vertical location in the water column. Results show that that shading of a plant by its neighbors occurs more under wave crests and troughs, and that factors that increase blade tip excursion (large wave height or wave period, or high plant flexibility) reduce light exposure. We develop a simplified theory and parameterization for average light exposure as a function of flow and plant conditions (as captured by the Cauchy number, buoyancy parameter, and ratio of stem spacing to blade length). These results help delineate optimal conditions for maximizing light exposure to seagrass' photosynthetic tissue in restoration projects, and facilitate the inclusion of flow‐vegetation interactions in biological models of seagrass production.