bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the origin of Lake Baikal endemic gammarid radiations, with description of two new Eulimnogammarus spp.
Authors: MOSKALENKO VICTORIA N. , NERETINA TATIANA V. , YAMPOLSKY LEV Y.
Published: April 2020

Extraordinarily diverse morphologically and ecologically, Lake Baikal’s two endemic gammaroidean amphipod clades are both firmly placed within the paraphyletic genus Gammarus, based both on morphological and molecular characters. However, the exact placement of the two Baikal clades remains elusive, making reconstruction of the ancestral state of Baikal endemic radiation difficult. We sequenced 2 mitochondrial and 3 nuclear genes from several species of each of the two clades aiming to represent early branches of the radiation. We also describe two new species of Baikal gammarids, Eulimnogammarus etingovae sp. nov. and Eulimnogammarus tchernykhi sp. nov., with some morphology suggestive of basal position within the radiation. We confirm the two previously demonstrated Baikal clades, but cannot unequivocally support any of the previous hypotheses about affinities of the two Baikal clades within palearctic Gammarus species. Rather, it appears that the two Baikal endemic radiations separated from the rest of freshwater Palearctic forms early and rapidly, probably as part of gammarid diversification during colonization of fresh waters in Middle Eocene.
Rosuvastatin Calcium Affects Alzheimer's Disease Through Regulating Defensive Transduction Pathways of Oxidative and Chemical Stress Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Zhongjin , Li Ruiqing , Zhang Chunmei , Liu Jia , Zhang Haiyan
Published: April 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment is not effective. Statins are lipid-lowering drugs. However, the role and mechanism of statins for treating AD remains unclear. SD rats were separated into sham operation group; AD group and rosuvastatin calcium group followed by analysis of cognitive
function and neuronal morphology. ELISA was to measure the level of TNF-α and IL-1; SOD activity and ROS levels were measured,. Real-time quantitative PCR was to analyze Bcl-2 and Bax level. The expression of Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/Antioxidant Responsive Element
(NRF2/ARE) signaling pathway was analyzed by Western blot. Compared with sham operation group, the cognitive ability of the AD group was significantly decreased; with elevated secretion of TNF-α and IL-1, decreased SOD activity, increased ROS generation, decreased Bcl-2 expression
as well as increased Bax expression (P < 0.05). In addition, AD group rats showed neuronal damage in the hippocampus and decreased expression of NRF2 and ARE. However, rosuvastatin calcium treatment improved cognitive ability, decreased TNF-α and IL-1 secretion, increased
SOD activity, decreased ROS content, increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased Bax expression as well as ameliorated neuronal damage, increased number of nerve cells, and increased expression of NRF2 and ARE. Rosuvastatin calcium can inhibit the oxidative stress and inflammation, inhibit the
apoptosis of hippocampus cells and improve the cognitive ability of AD rats by regulating NRF2/ARE signaling pathway.
Influence of Expasyl and Viscostat on Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Dentin with Different Adhesives
Authors: Albaker Abdulaziz M. , Alsahhaf Abdulaziz , Mubaraki Sarah A. , Deeb Modhi Al , Deeb Laila Al , Ahdal Khold Al , Vohra Fahim , Abduljabbar Tariq
Published: April 2020

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of gingival retraction agents and different bonding regimes on the shear bond strength (SBS) of dentin to resin composite. Sixty human teeth were divided into six groups (n = 10) based different combinations of hemostatic
agents (Viscostat and Expasyl) and dentin bonding regimes [Total-etch (TE) and self-etch (SE)]. Group A1, Expasyl and TE; group A2: Expasyl and SE; group B1: Viscostat and TE; group B2: Viscostat and SE, group C1 (control): No hemostatic agent and TE; group C2 (control): No hemostatic agent
and SE. Composite build-ups (Tetric N Ceram) were performed after dentin treatments and SBS was assessed using universal testing machine. Failure analysis was performed with a stereomicroscope and classified as adhesive, cohesive and admixed. Data was analysed using ANOVA and multiple comparisons
test. The maximum and minimum SBS was displayed by specimens in group C1 (36 59 ± 5 94 MPa) and group B2 (17 95 ± 2 52 MPa) respectively. Control groups (C1 and C2) showed statistically comparable SBS, which was significantly higher in comparison to experimental groups (A1, A2,
B1, and B2) (p < 0.05). Hemostatic agents inhibited the adhesive bond strength of composite to tooth dentin. Reversal effect of total-etch and self-etch bonding regimes on hemostatic agent treated dentin SBS was minimal.
Performance Evaluation of Diverging Diamond Interchange Compared to Conventional Diamond Interchange: A Case Study in Riyadh City
Authors: Mogalli Maged Abdullah , Al-Mansour Abdullah Ibrahim , Lee Seongkwan Mark
Published: April 2020

The road users usually suffer from several kinds of congestion and delay especially at intersections. The traffic flow congestion due to increasing traffic volumes can be decreased by implementing some suitable alternative designs of interchanges such as Diverging diamond interchange
(DDI) and conventional diamond interchange (CDI). In this study, a comparison between the DDI and CDI in traffic conditions in Riyadh city is conducted. The analysis involved different measures of effectiveness that includes delay, queue length, and number of stops. In this context, each interchange
type was evaluated for traffic volumes at certain peak hours using micro-simulation program named as “Synchro.” The finding of this study shows that DDI provides a better result when compared with CDI in terms of delay, queue length and number of stops. The control delay for the
DDI is approximately one third of the CDI. Also, the queue length for the DDI is about one half of the CDI. Furthermore, the number of stops for the DDI is as one half as the CDI.
A Systematic Review on Emergence of Digital Marketing in ASEAN Region
Authors: Khan Nohman , Qureshi Muhammad Imran , Ahmad Humara , Al-Kumaim Nabil Hasan
Published: April 2020

To Evaluate the ASEAN countries. ASEAN’s attraction for digitalization joined with its speedy development, which means the region is home to some of the most competitive digital economies. The goal of this paper is to give methodical research on Digital Marketing in ASEAN part
nations in the course of recent years. The challenge to ASEAN is to ensure that this “development gap” is well addressed. Ordinarily utilized as a wellspring of information, the Scopus database has had complete inclusion of more than 51 diaries crosswise over 55 disciplines since
2014 and guarantees the nature of the writing by utilizing the generally acknowledged reference ordering. Therefore, there is a strong need for ASEAN to encourage intensive knowledge sharing and capacity building programs among member states to deepen understanding about the digital economy,
its potential role in the region, as well as to collectively formulate strategic action plans in line.
Application of Waste Banana Peels for Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Authors: Huzaisham Nur Athirah , Marsi Noraini , Rus Anika Zafiah Muhd , Masrol Shaiful Rizal , Mahmood Salwa , Main Nor Mazlana , Fodzi Muhammad Haikal Mohd , Singam Rupashinii A/P Thana
Published: April 2020

This review paper focuses on the use of recycled banana peels for wastewater treatment. In India, more than 57.6 million tonnes of banana waste peels were produced each year, majorly are used as adsorbents to remove contaminants and pollutants that exist in the wastewater like heavy
ions, organic and inorganic pollutants. To date, the use of waste banana peels as adsorbents have obtained substantial attention and countless modification have been done in order to improve their adsorption characteristics. Based on literature survey regarding the abundance of waste banana
peels around the world, they are conceived to have considerable absorbency with optimistic application toward pollutants. According to published articles from the past 20 years, the technique of adsorption was recognized as most exceptional and cost-saving methods of treating wastewater with
adsorption rate up to 98% of heavy metal ions removal and up to 98.93% for organic and inorganic compounds removal. Adsorption is most frequently used to remove atoms, molecules or ions from drinking water preparation, groundwater or as tertiary cleaning such as purification of biological
water and wastewater treatment. Adsorption occurs when molecules in a liquid attach to the surface of a solid substance. This review extends applicable literature on the application of waste banana peels and its properties as an adsorbent on removing various pollutants in the wastewater. Evidently,
adsorbents derived from waste banana peels demonstrated remarkable effectiveness towards removing various pollutants where the adsorption rate increases as the adsorbent dosage increases. Results concerning waste banana peels as adsorbents from several published articles have been discussed
elaborately along with the future research perspective on waste banana peels.
Effect of Static Extraction Time on Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Phyllanthus niruri
Authors: Hassim Norsyamimi , Markom Masturah , Rosli Masli Irwan , Harun Shuhaida
Published: April 2020

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an effective method to extract active components from plants. SFE process can be conducted by using a static or/and dynamic extraction. Static extraction is important for the diffusion of solvated analyte to the matrix surface. Therefore, the
main objective of this study is to evaluate the static extraction time influence on SFE extraction of Phyllanthus niruri and the main bioactive compounds. The extraction was conducted by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) with 50% ethanol-water as a co-solvent at
selected operating conditions (200 bar, 60 °C, 10% co-solvent content and 3 ml/min solvent total flow rate). The static extraction time was investigated in the range of 15 min–75 min by allowing the plant matrix to immerse in a mixture of SC-CO2 and 50% ethanol-water at
the operating condition. The quantification of targeted compounds, which were gallic acid (GA), corilagin (CO) and ellagic acid (EA) were analysed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The observation on the physical characteristics of the plant matrix was performed by using
the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The best result for total extraction yield was obtained at 60 min of static extraction time, which was 20.7% g/g sample. It also gave a better result for all three targeted compounds in terms of total content percentage (0.35% g GA/g extract, 3.05% g
CO/g extract, and 5.17% g EA/g extract). In conclusion, static extraction time was crucial in extracting bioactive compounds in P. niruri by using SFE method and should be considered as the main parameter other than pressure and temperature.
Exploration of Hidden Fraudulent Website Dataset with Different Perspective
Authors: Dawood Muhammad , Ibrahim Othman , Abali Aliyu Mohammed
Published: April 2020

The lucrative nature of fraud cannot be denied especially, its existence in the form of electronic fraud. The electronic fraud is on rise nowadays. A dataset is investigated for hidden fraudulent websites that can be helpful in assessing a classifier’s efficiency in discriminating
against hidden fraudulent URLs. The dataset includes URLs marked with 185180 and some associated characteristics. Through different features, it has been shown here in the paper that how the dataset can be further utilized. Further, these features can be categorized and helpful for classifying
the best features for fraudulent website detection.
A Review on Importance of Active Learning Neural Network for Grid Connected Renewable Energy System
Authors: Yaqoob Muhammad Tayyab , Alam Muhammad , Rahmat Mohd. Khairil , Su’ud Mazliham Mohd
Published: April 2020

As Renewable Energy Sources are being used everywhere to minimize the burden of power plants and global emission. Therefore, Integrating Renewable energy with the grid is the trend nowadays in the Power distribution system. Power network get congested due to change in power flow from
unidirectional to bidirectional. This paper discusses the importance of self-learning machine, in mitigating the power quality issues while integrating renewable energy with the power grid. Renewables energy are randomness in nature, due to its recurrent characteristic power network get effected.
Different approaches like advanced forecasting, load flow analysis etc. are implemented using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to improve the power network. AI machine can perform only those tasks which are pre-defined in its internal memory. Huge amount of data and time are required
to train an AI machine. Whereas Active Learning Neural Network (ALNN) uses a self-learning approach to train itself through some model data. This paper mainly focusses on the importance of using ALNN in mitigating the power quality issues much better.
The Feasibility of Rock Wool Waste Utilisation in a Double-Layer Concrete Brick for Acoustic: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Mohammad Nur Zulzika , Shyong Yap Zhen , Haron Zaiton , Ismail Mohammad , Mohamed Azman , Khalid Nur Hafizah A.
Published: April 2020

Denser population in a city leads to a serious noise pollution problem. In order to control the ambient noise effectively, a sound insulation brick is desired. However, conventional bricks have poor sound barrier system and is made from unsustainable materials that consume high energy.
Hence, this paper introduces a feasibility study on rock wool waste utilisation in a double-layer concrete brick (a combination of aerated concrete and solid concrete) as a potential technique to improve the sound barrier system in brick walls. Currently, rock wool waste is one of the synthetic
wastes, which are massively dumped into the landfill by the industry or building demolition castoffs every year. However, rock wool waste has the potential to be recycled and reused as a sound insulation material because it still has the fibrous structural characteristic. Aerated concrete
is generally known as an acoustic material; hence, this paper reviews on the implementation of rock wool waste in the aerated concrete layer to improve noise absorption performance. The optimum sound absorption and the thickness of aerated concrete were subsequently integrated with the solid
media to transmit sound and indirectly improve the overall brick strength to form a double-layer concrete brick and facilitate the invention of sustainable bricks.
Developing Material Procurement Strategy to Improve Project Performance in Engineering, Procurement and Construction Onshore Pipeline Project in Indonesia: A Conceptual Study
Authors: Rimadini Hana , Ichsan Mohammad , Riantini Leni Sagita
Published: April 2020

Onshore Gas pipeline project is one of infrastructure modes aiming to deliver natural gas resulting from its source to fulfilling purpose supply to industries, households as well as transportations. Some gas pipeline infrastructures in Indonesia experience delays due to ineffective
procurement strategy during the projects. In most Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) projects, the procurement process lies on the projects critical path and therefore it is essential to set up the process using the approach of strategic procurement. Setting the right strategy
shall affect the efficiency of procurement process hence will bring positive influence to project schedule performance. Company A is one of Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Pipeline contractor in Indonesia that experience deteriorated schedule performance in the last five years
according to the company secondary data. It also shows that procurement schedule performance index has been affecting the whole project schedule performance and hence this study has been initiated to solve this problem. This study proposes a conceptual integrated research model to identify
how procurement activities can be managed effectively to reduce delays by setting the right procurement strategy by examining the correlation between procurement process and schedule performance with moderation of strategic procurement in the gas pipeline project in Indonesia.
Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Solar Fuels via Iron-Based Nanocomposite: Strategies to Intensify the Photoactivity
Authors: Fadlun Wan
Published: April 2020

Photocatalysis has been studied over three decades ago as a promising alternative for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction with the ultimate objective of promoting sustainable keys to address global warming and energy crisis. In particular, photocatalysis offers the reduction of
CO2 to renewable hydrocarbon fuels by utilizing limitless sunlight to trigger the reaction. The urgency reducing CO2 to solar fuels have aroused attention towards Fe-based material owing to their abundance, flexible compositional tunability, recyclability, and low cost
compared to noble-metal photocatalysts. This review discussed comprehensively the recent evolution on Fe-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction including metallic iron, iron oxide, and ternary iron oxides based photocatalysts. In the mainstream, detailed discussion on the main strategies
adopted in the morphology and structure to enhance the photocatalytic performance have been discussed in detail for each type of Fe-based catalysts. The enhancements of Fe-based photocatalyst is analyzed with a view to emphasizing the reaction mechanism and probable pathways for the production
of solar fuels. In addition, thermodynamics are discussed critically for selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The existing constrains and guidance for future studies were defined, pledging to develop superior Fe-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction with better-improved
power reduction efficiency and generation rates.
The Evaluation of Affective Domain Learning Outcome in Students’ Basic Learning of Electrical Circuit in Vocational Education School
Authors: Ponto Hantje
Published: April 2020

Bloom Taxonomy consists of three domains namely cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Successful learning activity on cognitive and psychomotor aspects needs to be supported by affective domain. This research aims evaluate affective domain in to basic Electric Circuit learning of students
in Vocational Education School. This study employed survey research by observing students learning process in BEC subject. Research finding shows that students’ affective domain in BEC learning was categorized high. Recommendations for this research were: (1) in BEC learning, teacher
needed to develop students’ affective domain, (2) headmaster as leadership instruction needs to guide teacher so that they will be able to develop students’ affective domain, and (3) headmaster must monitor teacher’s teaching activity.
Webometric Analysis and Link Relationship of Computer Science and Information Technology Websites of Malaysia Universities
Authors: Hafiz Razak Mohd Sharul , Ismail Nor Azman , Mohktar Alif Fikri , Namira Su Elya , Ramzi Nurina Izzati
Published: April 2020

This paper aims to investigate 18 web domains of computer science and information technology academic websites of Malaysia universities.We collected more than two million web pages. A webometric analysis was used to explore the number of web pages, inbound links, the web impact factor
(WIF) and link relationships. The results show Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat (FTSM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) has the highest number of webpages while Fakulti Teknologi Kreatif dan Warisan (FTKW), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) has the largest WIF score. Pearson’s
rank correlation coefficient was used to detect the relationship between institutions subdomain age and WIF. Correlations point out that there is scant relationship between subdomain age and WIF score across all 18 Malaysia selected schools [r =−.076, n = 18, p <
.0005]. This is due to WIF are highly dependent on the quality of the content to attract backlinks and Google crawler algorithm that changes from time to time for the number of web pages. Subdomain age is independent to the year of establishment of the schools. These findings can be used as
a guide to the implementation of university web content strategy.
Parcel Locker as the Alternative of Parcel Delivery Service of Online Shopping
Authors: Gunawan Hendra , Nahry  , Kusuma Andyka , Abdullah Sarini
Published: April 2020

Currently, parcel delivery activities are growing rapidly in the urban area along with the increase in online shopping transactions. This trend has an impact on the deterioration in the performance of the urban transportation system due to the increase of fleet of goods carriers as
part of last mile delivery of online shopping. To overcome this situation, many countries have developed a delivery service using a parcel locker. In parcel locker service, consumers collect their shipments from lockers, which are mostly situated in public places, such as train stations, gas
filling places, convenience stores, etc., instead of receiving them at their homes using a home delivery service. This service also exists in Indonesia, but its use is still not popular. This study aims to develop a choice model of last mile supply package between home delivery and parcel
locker. The development of the model is based on the Binomial Logit Model. The calibration process uses the results of Stated Preference survey conducted to online shoppers who have not used parcel locker. Hypothetical conditions used in this survey represent the cost and location of a parcel
locker. Location is represented by the shortest (<1 km), medium (1–3 km) and longest (3–5 km) distance of a parcel locker to the respondent’s home. Given the current cost, the potential demand for parcel lockers is 26%, 17% and 13% for short, medium and long distance,
respectively. When the willingness to pay of the respondent is represented by a value whereby both methods will be chosen with the same probability, the parcel locker must offer a cost of 65% and 33%, respectively, of the home delivery option for the condition of short distance and medium
distance; whereas the parcel locker cannot compete for long distance condition.
The Development of Safety Plan Using Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for Building Information Modeling (BIM)-Based Building Structure Work
Authors: Putra Lim Anrio Wira , Latief Yusuf
Published: April 2020

One of the most influential factors on the project success in the construction industry is the safety management system. The rate of the occupational accidents in the construction sector is still very high according to the report of the Institution of Social Security Employment in Indonesia.
One of the causes of the high rate of the occupational accidents that occur is due to the unnoticed work activities which is caused by the lack of control on the risks of the work activities. To discovered all of the activities on a work package, we can use a tool called WBS or Work Breakdown
Structure. Besides that, by using the advancement of technology, it is expected to be used to improve safety performance on the construction projects effectively and efficiently. One of the advancements of technology which is already been used in the construction sector on this era is the
BIM (Building Information Modeling). With using the BIM system on the construction projects, the quality of the work during the planning and construction phase will be increasing. Therefore, the development of a safety plan using WBS for BIM-based building structure work will be carried out
in this study. The research method in this paper is a qualitative method and a case study will be presented on this paper to find out the effectiveness with using BIM in the safety management process. The results of this research are the occupational accident risks that are dominantly using
the WBS and the development of the safety plan using WBS for BIM-based building structures work. The case study results the integrating of safety building information with the 4D model is very effective and efficient method to use on the safety management process. With the BIM system in the
safety management process, the budget and the duration for safety inspection can be reduced because the hazardous of the occupational accidents can be identified faster according to the construction schedule. This research is expected to create a safety management strategy and can improve
the safety performance on building construction projects in Indonesia.
Assessing the Information Security Awareness of Employees in PT ABC Against International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27001:2013
Authors: Lukitowati Risma , Ramli Kalamullah
Published: April 2020

The main purpose of information security is maintaining information assets that are owned by an organization, such as confidentiality, integrity, and availability (known as CIA). In maintaining information assets, a company usually manages information security by making and implementing
an Information Security Management System (ISMS) policy. A widely used and applied ISMS policy in Indonesia is ISO/IEC 27001 (International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission). Indonesian telecommunications company PT ABC has implemented the ISO/IEC
27001:2013 standards and procedures. The company conducts an audit once a year to maintain the level of compliance with ISO/IEC 27001:2013. However, only a few people are involved in conducting audits, and it is still unknown how many employees are aware of the company’s information
security. This research focused on assessing how much information security awareness exists within PT ABC. Questionnaires were distributed in two departments of the company: supply chain management and service delivery of the Jakarta operations network. This research also examined company
documents and surveillance audits in 2018. The employees were grouped based on their length of employment. The results of the questionnaires, with an error margin of 6%, were further compared with the results of the surveillance audit. Our data show that most employees who have worked at the
company for more than six years understood and implemented ISO 27001 controls. Meanwhile, companies still need to socialize ISO to employees who have worked at the company for just one to two years.
Ab Initio Study of Electronic Properties of Cadmium Sulphide Nanowires
Authors: Singh Satyendra , Kaushik Sanjay Prakash , Supreet
Published: April 2020

In present study, we have explored CdS nanowire and their electronic properties for different structure. The study has been performed by ABINIT code. Four shapes under consideration were 2-atom linear, 2-atom zigzag, 4-atom square and 6-atom hexagonal nanowire. The geometric optimization,
stability of different structures and band structure of the shapes has been studied. The findings reveal that four atom square nanowire structure is comparatively more stable than other structures whereas the study of band structure reveals that CdS nanowires may be conducting, semi conducting
or insulating depending upon the geometrical shape of the nanowire.
A Simple Strategy to Communicate about Climate Attribution
Authors: Dryden Rachel , Morgan M. Granger
Published: April 2020

Hurricane Harvey and other recent weather extremes stimulated extensive public discourse about the role of anthropogenic climate change in amplifying, or otherwise modifying, such events. In tandem, the scientific community has made considerable progress on statistical “climate attribution.” However, explaining these statistical methods to the public has posed challenges. Using appropriately designed “spinner boards,” we find that even members of the general public who do not understand the difference between weather and climate are readily able to understand basic concepts of attribution and explain those concepts to others. This includes both understanding and explaining the way in which the probability of an extreme weather event may increase as a result of climate change and explaining how the intensity of hurricanes can be increased. If properly developed and used by TV weather forecasters and news reporters, this method holds the potential to significantly improve public understanding of climate attribution.
Regionally Varying Assessments of Upper-Level Tropical Width in Reanalyses and CMIP5 Models Using a Tropopause Break Metric
Authors: Martin Elinor R. , Homeyer Cameron R. , McKinzie Roarke A. , McCarthy Kevin M. , Xian Tao
Published: April 2020

Changes in tropical width can have important consequences in sectors including ecosystems, agriculture, and health. Observations suggest tropical expansion over the past 30 years although studies have not agreed on the magnitude of this change. Climate model projections have also indicated an expansion and show similar uncertainty in its magnitude. This study utilizes an objective, longitudinally varying, tropopause break method to define the extent of the tropics at upper levels. The location of the tropopause break is associated with enhanced stratosphere–troposphere exchange and thus its structure influences the chemical composition of the stratosphere. The method shows regional variations in the width of the upper-level tropics in the past and future. Four modern reanalyses show significant contraction of the tropics over the eastern Pacific between 1981 and 2015, and slight but significant expansion in other regions. The east Pacific narrowing contributes to zonal mean narrowing, contradicting prior work, and is attributed to the use of monthly and zonal mean data in prior studies. Six global climate models perform well in representing the climatological location of the tropical boundary. Future projections show a spread in the width trend (from ~0.5° decade−1 of narrowing to ~0.4° decade−1 of widening), with a narrowing projected across the east Pacific and Northern Hemisphere Americas. This study illustrates that this objective tropopause break method that uses instantaneous data and does not require zonal averaging is appropriate for identifying upper-level tropical width trends and the break location is connected with local and regional changes in precipitation.
Urbanization Enhanced Summertime Extreme Hourly Precipitation over the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Jiang Xiaoling , Luo Yali , Zhang Da-Lin , Wu Mengwen
Published: April 2020

An extensive urban agglomeration has occurred over the Yangtze River delta (YRD) region of East China as a result of rapid urbanization since the middle 1990s. In this study, a 44-yr (i.e., 1975–2018) climatology of the summertime extreme hourly precipitation (EXHP; greater than the 90th percentile) over the YRD is analyzed, using historical land-use data, surface temperature, and hourly rain gauge observations, and then the relationship between rapid urbanization and EXHP changes is examined. Results show significant EXHP contrasts in diurnal variation and storm type roughly before and after middle July. That is, tropical cyclones (TCs) account for 16.4% of the total EXHP hours, 80.5% of which occur during the late summer, whereas non-TC EXHP accounts for 94.7% and 66.2% during the early and late summer, respectively. Increasing trends in occurrence frequency and amount of the non-TC and TC-induced EXHP are detected over the urban agglomeration. Statistically significant larger increasing trends in both the EXHP and surface temperature are observed at urban stations than those at the nearby rural stations. An analysis of 113 locally developed non-TC extreme rainfall events during 2011–18 summers also suggests the contribution of the urban heat island effects to the more occurrences of EXHP, especially over a band-shaped urban region where several major cities are distributed. This study reveals a significant correlation between rapid urbanization and increased EXHP during the past two decades over the YRD region. The results have important implications for understanding the impact of urbanization on EXHP changes in a warming climate.
The Sales Impact of Using Handheld Scanners: Evidence from the Field
Authors: Grewal Dhruv , Noble Stephanie M. , Ahlbom Carl-Philip , Nordfält Jens
Published: April 2020

Anecdotal evidence is mixed regarding whether handheld scanners used in stores increase or decrease consumer sales. This article reports on three field studies, supported by eye-tracking technology and matched sales receipts, as well as two laboratory studies that show that handheld scanner use increases sales, notably through unplanned, healthier, and impulsive purchases. The findings highlight that these effects may be limited by factors such as not having a budget; for those without a budget, use of scanners can decrease sales. Building on embodied cognition and cognitive appraisal theories, the authors predict that scanners, as a bodily extension, influence sales through both cognitive (shelf attention, perceived control) and affective (number of products touched, shopping experience) mechanisms. The results offer implications for retailers considering whether to integrate scanners into their store environments.
Cyberbullying and cybervictimization: Does gender matter?
Authors: Marr Kristy L. , Duell Mary N.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate gender effects on college students’ judgements about a hypothetical episode of cyberbullying on Facebook that resulted in the suicide of a cybervictim. A total of 176 undergraduate students at a midsize public university in the Northeast served as participants. Four one-page versions of a hypothetical trial transcript detailing a cyberbullying case were utilized. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: male cyberbully/male cybervictim, male cyberbully/female cybervictim, female cyberbully/male cybervictim, and female cyberbully/female cybervictim. After reading one of the trial transcripts, participants rated eight variables, including criminal guilt and intent of the cyberbully, responsibility of entities involved, and appropriate punishment for the cyberbully. Results revealed significant differences in judgments based on the gender of the cyberbully, cybervictim, and participant.
Class mediations, working-class lives and labour subjectivity in post-socialist Ukraine
Authors: Schwartz Gregory
Published: April 2020

This article contributes a post-socialist working-class lives perspective to the literature on class (dis)identification. Based on an ethnographic study of middle-age workers in the western Ukrainian city of Ľviv, the article problematises the apparent absence of workers’ class identification despite significant commodification and marketisation of society. Evidence presented here points to the potency of gendered, national, regional and post-colonial constitutions of the subjectivity of labour. Rather than being fragmented identities competing with notions of ‘class’, these constitutions represent a ‘site of conjunction’ of the changing global processes and local social forms mediating class. The article illustrates empirically and analytically the specific social forms that shape labour subjectivity in Ukraine, while theoretically locating subjectivities as arising from the intersection of various determinations, where social forms and material relations are internally related with and through each other, representing a complex unity of the diverse.
The construction and understanding of mixed-race identities at a superdiverse youth football club: Hybridity, confusion and contra-fusion
Authors: Rosbrook-Thompson James
Published: April 2020

Using the findings of two years’ ethnographic fieldwork, the article examines the construction and understanding of mixed-race identities at a football club situated in a superdiverse area of London. It describes how the characteristics of superdiversity together with the dynamic between parents/guardians, children, coaches and scouts shape people’s perceptions of the ethnic options available to mixed-race young people. I try to show how assertions relating to these ethnic options are consistent with understandings of hybridity. More specifically, there is a tension between fusion and preservation and in some instances a slippage between discourses of biology and culture. This reflects confusion about mixedness and leads to what I have called ‘contra-fusion’: a way of reasoning that resists the formation of integrated mixed identities by emphasising the preservation of raced and gendered inheritances in the constitution of mixedness.
Literary theorists in and beyond French academic space (1960–1970s)
Authors: Dumont Lucile
Published: April 2020

This article demonstrates how social strategies deployed at the margins of French academic space to legitimize theoretical approaches to literary texts (semiology, semantics, structural analysis of narratives) in the 1960s and 1970s strongly relied on the interventions of their promoters beyond the academy. It specifically examines two strategies privileged by promoters of literary theory which allowed some of them to bypass several requirements for academic careers in taking advantage of the transformations of higher education, of the absence of stable and strong disciplinary frames, and of their own integration into the intellectual and literary fields. First, either through the alliance with literary avant-gardes or by the temporary constitution as one, the collective strategy of the literary avant-garde became a way to engage both politically and aesthetically. Second, the investment of transnational networks and internationalization allowed the critics and theorists to get around the national path to symbolic and academic consecration, and to reframe the modalities of their public engagement. Ultimately, this article offers an understanding of how, for aspirant or marginalized academics, interventions beyond the perimeter of the academic space have, at a certain point in French history, helped their acquisition of academic legitimacy.
Kindred spirits: Doing family through craft entrepreneurship
Authors: Thurnell-Read Thomas
Published: April 2020

While there is a tradition of viewing both craftwork and entrepreneurship as characteristically individualistic and autonomous activities, this article examines the way in which social ties of family and kinship are often integral to many entrepreneurial ventures. Instead of a neat divide between ‘separate spheres’, work and home permeate each other in meaningful ways. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 20 workers from UK craft gin distilleries, this article explores how kinship and intimacy are put to work in craft enterprises. Findings show that the involvement of family and kin is vital to the operations of many craft businesses. Working together with spouses and siblings brings benefits and challenges and involves negotiating task and role allocation, often through invoking heteronormative notions of suitability and complementarity. Such concerns are bound up with how family and kin are understood by participants. Their reflections on entrepreneurial kinship involve both narratives of work and visions of a lifestyle which are both familial and entrepreneurial.
Supramolecular structure of polypropylene fibers formed with addition of functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Broda Jan , Baczek Marcin , Fabia Janusz , Fryczkowski Ryszard
Published: April 2020

Pimelic acid and calcium hydroxide were used to attach calcium pimelate to the surface of graphene oxide. The additive was mixed with isotactic polypropylene granulate. Neat polypropylene and polypropylene with functionalized graphene oxide was extruded into fibers under laboratory conditions. The gravity spun fibers containing different concentration of the additive and the fibers taken at various velocities were obtained. Morphology and elemental composition of functionalized graphene oxide were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The structure of fibers was examined by means of differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray scattering. The ability of calcium pimelate supported on the surface of the graphene oxide to nucleate the β-form of polypropylene was revealed. A considerable amount of the β-form crystals was obtained in the gravity spun fibers. In the fibers taken at moderate and higher velocities the β-form disappeared. The structure of the fibers extruded with the additive was similar to the structure of the fibers extruded from neat polypropylene. At moderate velocities, the content of mesophase in the structure was high. At higher velocities, the crystalline structure built only from α-form crystals was obtained. The paper presents a discussion of the changes observed in the fiber structure in connection with polypropylene nucleation.
“Gli umori delle parti”: Humoral Dynamics and Democratic Potential in the Florentine Histories
Authors: Holman Christopher
Published: April 2020

In this essay I consider the potential of Machiavelli’s Florentine Histories to contribute to the enrichment of contemporary democratic theory. In opposition to both of the major groups of current interpreters of this text—those who see it as representative of a conservative turn in Machiavelli’s thought grounded in a newfound skepticism regarding popular political competencies, and those who see it as merely a re-presentation of the republican commitments of the Discourses on Livy—I argue that it reveals to us a unique political potentiality, but one that is essential for the construction of an internally consistent Machiavellian theory of democracy. Specifically, through disclosing the historicity and contingency of the humors of the parts of the city, the Histories suggests the possibility of concretely actualizing a condition of social equality, thus overcoming the main democratic deficit of the Discourses—the perpetuation of inequality, as represented in the preservation of the existence of a class with a desire to oppress.
What Is the Social Responsibility of Social Scientists to Influence National Security Affairs?
Authors: Levy Yagil
Published: April 2020

Mainstream scholars of IR favor policy-relevant research, that is the agenda to influence government policymakers by offering policy recommendations. In this article, I offer a different perspective by presenting alternative arguments about social scientists’ responsibility to influence. By drawing on themes of public sociology and critical sociology, security studies and public policy, I argue that the core of this responsibility is to seek to influence policy via engagement with the public rather than with policymakers.
Time-energy optimal guidance strategy for realistic interceptor using pseudospectral method
Authors: Banerjee Arunava , Nabi Mashuq , Raghunathan T.
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes the use of Legendre pseudospectral method (PSM) to obtain the optimal guidance strategy for a two-dimensional interceptor problem. An optimal control problem is formulated that addresses the conflicting objective of minimizing the energy usage, along with minimizing the time taken by missile to capture the target. The PSM-based guidance strategy is compared with other conventional guidance laws such as pure proportional navigation (PPN) guidance law and also evolutionary algorithm inspired differential evolution tuned proportional navigation (DEPN) guidance law. A scheme by which the PSM guidance strategy can be applied online is also included in this paper. The cost function value and the interception time indicates the superiority of the PSM-based guidance strategy.
Controller design for a fractional-order nonlinear glucose-insulin system using feedback linearization
Authors: Khan Muhammad Waleed , Abid Muhammad , Khan Abdul Qayyum , Mustafa Ghulam
Published: April 2020

In this paper, the system of glucose regulation in a human body is discussed. Nonlinear Bergman’s minimal model representing this system is taken, and converted to fractional-order model using the Caputo definition. After that, method of feedback linearization is put forward for fractional-order nonlinear systems, and then applied to design observer based controller for an artificial pancreas for a patient with diabetes. Using FOTF toolbox in MATLAB, the designed controller, observer, and the system are simulated. Using simulation results, it is shown that the designed controller and observer are stable, and the desired level of glucose concentration is being tracked faithfully.
Fugitive Listening: Sounds from the Undercommons
Authors: Navin Brooks Andrew
Published: April 2020

This essay builds on various critiques of the relationship between the voice and autonomous individual subjectivity, briefly tracking the specific history through which the voice transformed into an ideal object representing the liberal subject of post-Enlightenment thought. This paper asks: what are we to make of those enfleshed voices that do not conform to the ideal voice of the self-possessed liberal subject? What are we to make of those voices that refuse the imperative of improvement that underpins social and economic contractualism? How might we attend to the sonicity of those voices that refuse to individuate, possess, and accumulate? And what fugitive modes of speech might be transmitted by such un-formed and un-organized voices? Against the idealized voice of liberalism, and the gendered and racialized exclusions that this voice implies, I propose a mode of fugitive listening that allows us to open our ears to the noisy voices and modes of speech that sound outside the locus of politics proper. Indebted to the Black radical tradition, fugitive listening attends to sonic practices that refuse the given grounds of representation. I argue that fugitive listening is a practice that can be situated in what Stefano Harney and Fred Moten call ‘the undercommons’. The essay concludes by turning to gossip, figuring this noisy modality of speech as central to undercommon spaces shaped by Black performance.
Microbiota in cerebrovascular disease: A key player and future therapeutic target
Authors: Tonomura Shuichi , Ihara Masafumi , Friedland Robert P
Published: April 2020

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a significant cause of disability worldwide. Recent advances in DNA sequencing, proteomics, metabolomics, and computational tools are dramatically increasing access to the identification of host–microbiota interactions in systemic diseases. In this review, we describe the accumulating evidence showing how human microbiota plays an essential role in cerebrovascular diseases. We introduce the symbiotic relationships between microbiota and the mucosal immune system, focusing on differences by anatomical sites. Microbiota directly or indirectly contributes to the pathogenesis of traditional vascular risk factors including age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Moreover, recent studies proposed independent effects of the microbiome on the progression of various subtypes of stroke through direct microbial invasion, exotoxins, functional amyloids, inflammation, and microbe-derived metabolites. We propose the critical concept of gene-microbial interaction to elucidate the heterogeneity of stroke and provide possible therapeutic avenues. We suggest ways to resolve the vast inter-individual diversity of cerebrovascular disease and mechanisms for personalized prevention and treatment.