bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of photodamage on the female Caucasian facial stratum corneum corneome using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics
Authors: Voegeli R. , Monneuse J.‐M. , Schoop R. , Summers B. , Rawlings A.V.
Published: September 2017

Background

The effect of photodamage on facial stratum corneum (SC) is still poorly understood.

Objective

To describe the SC proteome from tape strippings of Caucasian SC from photoexposed cheek and photoprotected post‐auricular (PA) site, a global analysis of photodamage on the skin will be developed leading to a better understanding of keratinocyte signalling pathways and identification of new molecular targets for the treatment of photoaged skin.

Methods

Female Caucasian subjects had nine consecutive tape strippings taken from their cheeks and PA site. Proteins were extracted and the trypsin‐digested peptides were analysed by nanochromatography coupled to a high‐resolution mass spectrometer. Data‐dependent acquisition allowed protein identification that was processed by Paragon algorithm of Protein Pilot software.

Results

Changes in the levels of epidermal differentiation proteins were apparent indicating poor epidermal differentiation and SC maturation (keratins, cornified envelope (CE) proteins) on photoexposed cheeks. Differences in protease–anti‐protease balance were observed for corneodesmolysis (favouring desquamation) and filaggrinolysis (favouring reduced filaggrin processing). 12R‐LOX, a CE maturation enzyme, was reduced in photodamaged skin but not transglutaminases. Changes in signal keratinocyte transduction pathway markers were demonstrated especially by reduced levels of downstream signalling markers such as calreticulin (unfolded protein response; UPR) and increased level of stratifin (target of rapamycin; mTOR). Evidence for impaired proteostasis was apparent by reduced levels of a key proteasomal subunit (subunit beta type‐6). Finally, key antioxidant proteins were upregulated except catalase.

Conclusion

Clear examples of poor keratinocyte differentiation and associated metabolic and signalling pathways together with reduced SC maturation were identified in photodamaged facial SC. Corneocyte immaturity was evident with changes in CE proteins. Particularly, the reduction in 12R‐LOX is a novel finding in photodamaged skin and supports the lack of SC maturation. Moreover, filaggrinolysis was reduced, whereas corneodesmolysis was enhanced. From our results, we propose that there is a poor cross‐talk between the keratinocyte endoplasmic reticulum UPR, proteasome network and autophagy machinery that possibly leads to impaired keratinocyte proteostasis. Superimposed on these aberrations is an apparently enhanced mTOR pathway that also contributes to reduced SC formation and maturation. Our results clearly indicate a corneocyte scaffold disorder in photodamaged cheek SC.
Multimodular assessment of a calcified extraradicular deposit on the root surfaces of a mandibular molar
Authors: Petitjean E. , Mavridou A. , Li X. , Hauben E. , Cotti E. , Lambrechts P.
Published: September 2017

Aim

To achieve a better understanding of a calcified extraradicular deposit on the apical root surfaces of a mandibular first molar associated with a radicular cyst and a sinus tract. A multimodular approach was applied using a combination of multiple investigation methods.

This case report presents a mandibular first molar with a calcified extraradicular deposit on the apical root surfaces of both roots. An apical periodontitis lesion was present and a sinus tract served as the only communication with the oral cavity. Diagnosis and treatment planning were based on clinical, radiographic (two‐ and three‐dimensional) and ultrasound examination. The tooth was further analysed after extraction using microscopic imaging, nano‐computed tomography (nano‐CT), hard‐ and soft tissue histology and electron probe microanalysis. This multimodular approach revealed the calculus‐like appearance and mineral composition of the extraradicular deposit. Multiple hypotheses about its aetiology are discussed.

Key learning points

Calcified extraradicular deposits can develop on the apical root surfaces of teeth with apical periodontitis in association with a radicular cyst and sinus tract.

A sinus tract can serve as the only communication between the apical lesion and the oral cavity whilst no periodontal defects are present.

The interplay of intra‐oral radiography, high resolution CBCT, nano‐CT, hard tissue histology and EPMA can reveal the calculus‐like appearance and composition of the extraradicular deposit.

Calcified extraradicular deposits appear hyperechoic on ultrasound imaging and can lead to the occurrence of twinkling artefacts due to their rough mineralized surface.
The diffusion coefficient controlling crystal growth in a silicate glass‐former
Authors: Cassar Daniel Roberto , Rodrigues Alisson Mendes , Nascimento Marcio Luis Ferreira , Zanotto Edgar Dutra
Published: September 2017

One of the most relevant open issues in glass science refers to our ignorance concerning the nature of the diffusing entities that control crystal nucleation and growth in non‐crystalline materials. This information is very relevant because all the existing nucleation and growth equations account for the diffusion coefficient (DU) of these unknown entities. In this article, we measured the shear viscosity (η) and the crystal growth rates of a supercooled diopside liquid (CaMgSi2O6) in a wide temperature range. The well‐known decoupling of viscosity and crystal growth rates at deep supercoolings was detected. We tested and analyzed 4 different approaches to compute DU, three existing and one proposed here. As expected, the classical approach (DU ~ η−1) and the fractional viscosity approach (DU ~ η−ε) were not able to describe the crystal growth rates near the glass transition temperature. However, our proposed expression to calculate DU—gradually changing from a viscosity‐controlled to an Arrhenian‐controlled process—was able to describe the available data in the whole temperature range and yielded the lowest uncertainty for the adjustable parameters. Our results suggest that viscous flow ceases to control the crystal growth process below the so‐called decoupling temperature, corroborating some previous studies.
Becoming a Design Thinker: Assessing the Learning Process of Students in a Secondary Level Design Thinking Course
Authors: Aflatoony Leila , Wakkary Ron , Neustaedter Carman
Published: September 2017

Design thinking is a collaborative problem solving and human‐centric approach that fosters innovation by elevating participants’ creative thinking abilities. Design thinking techniques and practices have been implemented into different curricula in secondary and post‐secondary education to address the need for new skills to be learned for the twenty‐first century. However, little work has been conducted to clarify how to evaluate the students’ design thinking skills gained in these courses. This study reports on a successful evaluation of an interaction design thinking curriculum in secondary level education. Several types of data sources, including participant observation, open‐ended questions and document analysis were employed to gather extensive data on students’ skills gained during the course. The results of the study inform design thinking researchers about how to evaluate design thinking skills of students in a secondary level design thinking course.
Chronic treatment with zoledronic acid increases inflammatory markers in periodontium of rats
Authors: de Barros Silva Paulo Goberlânio , Ferreira Junior Antonio Ernando Carlos , de Oliveira Camila Carvalho , Brizeno Luiz André Cavalcante , Wong Deysi Viviana Tenazoa , Lima Júnior Roberto César Pereira , Sousa Fabrício Bitú , Mota Mário Rogério Lima , Alves Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes
Published: September 2017

Background

Bisphosphonates (BF) rise proinflammatory markers and irreversibly bind to bone. Chronically, BF can lead to an inflammatory status and can increase the local oxidative stress in periodontium. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether the chronic infusion of Zoledronic Acid (ZA) increases inflammatory markers in periodontium of rats.

Methods and results

Chronically, infusion therapy was performed with ZA (0.04, 0.2 or 1 mg/kg or saline) by four doses in over a 70‐day period to analyze periodontium of the first right inferior molar using histologic, histochemical (toluidine blue), and immunohistochemical (CD68, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kB)) tests. The experiment was replicated (ZA 0.2 mg/kg versus saline) for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay and dose TNF‐α, IL‐1β, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in gingiva of the same tooth. Despite there is no alteration in mast cells (P = .608) and CD68 mononuclear‐positive cells (P = .351), in the periodontium of the ZA‐treated group, was observed an increase in the presence of inflammatory cells (P = .001) and cytoplasmic immunostaining for TNF‐α (P = .003), IL‐1b (P = .004), iNOS (P = .008), and NF‐kB (P =  .025). Levels of MPO (P < .001), TNF‐α (P = .002), IL‐1β (P < .001), and GSH (P = .005) were augmented in gingiva of ZA‐treated group but MDA (P = .993) levels and NF‐kB nuclear staining (P = .923) were not altered.

Conclusions

Chronic treatment with ZA increase proinflammatory cytokines and the number of inflammatory cells in periodontium of rats and GSH are expressed probably in a compensatory manner.
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of an Ectodermal Dysplasia Patient with Implant Telescopic Crown Attachments
Authors: Alsayed Hussain D. , Alqahtani Nasser M. , Levon John A. , Morton Dean
Published: September 2017

Telescopic crown attachments have been successfully used in completely and partially edentulous patients. This type of attachment provides retention, support, and stability with optimal hygiene for the removable dental prosthesis (RDP). With the emergence of CAD/CAM technology, telescopic crown attachments can be virtually designed and milled precisely to ensure a passive fit of the attachment parts and maximal functionality of the RDP. This article reviews both the clinical outcome and prosthodontic rehabilitation of telescopic crown attachments of an edentulous ectodermal dysplasia patient with solitary rigid conical telescopic crown attachments.
First record of resting cysts of the benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum leve in a natural reservoir in Gujan‐Mestras, Gironde, France
Authors: Mertens Kenneth Neil , Gu Haifeng , Pospelova Vera , Chomérat Nicolas , Nézan Elisabeth , Gurdebeke Pieter Roger , Bogus Kara , Vrielinck Henk , Rumebe Myriam , Meteigner Claire
Published: September 2017

The resting cysts of the benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum leve from a natural reservoir in Gujan‐Mestras (Gironde, France) were described in this study. The incubated urn‐shaped cysts gave rise to cells of P. leve. Morphological observations through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, particularly of the periflagellar platelets, combined with large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences obtained through single‐cell analysis confirm their affinity to the species P. leve. The cysts were characterized by a specific shape and the presence of an anterior plug. This is the first conclusive evidence for fossilizable resting stages within the Prorocentrales, one of the major orders within the Dinophyceae. Palynological treatments show that the cysts and endospores withstand hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids. Micro‐Fourier transform infrared analysis on single specimens suggests that the composition of the endospore is cellulosic and the cyst wall a more robust, noncellulosic β‐glucan. The spectra overall are similar to other published spectra of resting cysts from autotrophic, planktonic dinoflagellates.
Neonatal Encephalopathy in Calves Presented to a University Hospital
Authors: Bianco A.W. , Moore G.E. , Taylor S.D.
Published: September 2017

Background

While studies have examined bovine dystocia in relation to calf survival, little has been published regarding perinatal morbidity and treatment of newborn calves beyond failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI). Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a clinical syndrome commonly diagnosed in infants and foals but is poorly described in calves.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To identify risk factors for development of NE in calves and factors predictive of survival.

Animals

Neonatal calves presented to a University hospital over a 10‐year period.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study (2005–2015). Medical records of all neonatal calves presented to the hospital were examined, and cases of NE were identified. Data pertaining to demographics, dam parity, labor, treatment, and outcome were collected and analyzed with univariate and multivariate statistics.

Results

Of 200 calves in the final analysis, 58 (29%; 95% CI: 22.8–35.8%) were classified as NE and 142 calves as non‐NE. In univariate analysis, factors significantly associated with diagnosis of NE included male sex, presence of dystocia, abnormal position in the birth canal, and prolonged labor. In the multivariate model, only orientation of the calf in the birth canal remained significant (OR 2.14; 95% CI: 1.02–4.49; P = 0.044). Overall survival of calves with NE was good (45/58; 77.6%; 95% CI: 64.7–87.5); dam parity and being a twin was significantly associated with nonsurvival.

Conclusions

Calves born after dystocia, especially if malpresented, should be closely monitored for nursing behavior within the first 24 hours of life. Prognosis for survival is good, but supportive care might be required for several days.
Feasibility of dynamic risk prediction for hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Jeon Mi Young , Lee Hye Won , Kim Seung Up , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Ahn Sang Hoon
Published: September 2017

Background & Aims

Several risk prediction models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development are available. We explored whether the use of risk prediction models can dynamically predict HCC development at different time points in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

Methods

Between 2006 and 2014, 1397 CHB patients were recruited. All patients underwent serial transient elastography at intervals of >6 months.

Results

The median age of this study population (931 males and 466 females) was 49.0 years. The median CU‐HCC, REACH‐B, LSM‐HCC and mREACH‐B score at enrolment were 4.0, 9.0, 10.0 and 8.0 respectively. During the follow‐up period (median, 68.0 months), 87 (6.2%) patients developed HCC. All risk prediction models were successful in predicting HCC development at both the first liver stiffness (LS) measurement (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.067‐1.467 in the subgroup without antiviral therapy [AVT] and 1.096‐1.458 in the subgroup with AVT) and second LS measurement (HR = 1.125‐1.448 in the subgroup without AVT and 1.087‐1.249 in the subgroup with AVT). In contrast, neither the absolute nor percentage change in the scores from the risk prediction models predicted HCC development (all P > .05). The mREACH‐B score performed similarly or significantly better than did the other scores (AUROCs at 5 years, 0.694‐0.862 vs 0.537‐0.875).

Conclusions

Dynamic prediction of HCC development at different time points was achieved using four risk prediction models, but not using the changes in the absolute and percentage values between two time points. The mREACH‐B score was the most appropriate prediction model of HCC development among four prediction models.
Histopathological challenges in suspected drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: Kleiner David E.
Published: September 2017

When a patient with suspected drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) undergoes liver biopsy, the pathologist is confronted with two major challenges. The first and most important is to establish the pattern(s) of injury which are present. Patterns of injury represent stereotypical responses of an organ to injury and relate to specific aetiologies of liver damage. The pattern of injury and the histological details of that injury can then be analysed with respect to the patient's intercurrent diseases and medication history. The specific expertise of the pathologist can be used to weigh the prospect of DILI against the likelihood of other explanations of injury. The second challenge is to characterize specific types of injury and the severity of injury, both of which may have importance for clinical decision‐making and prognosis. The pathologist's report should convey both an accurate description of the pathology as well its interpretation.
Acute simvastatin treatment restores cerebral functional capillary density and attenuates angiotensin II‐induced microcirculatory changes in a model of primary hypertension
Authors: Freitas Felipe , Estato Vanessa , Reis Patricia , Castro‐Faria‐Neto Hugo C. , Carvalho Vinícius , Torres Rafael , Lessa Marcos A. , Tibirica Eduardo
Published: September 2017

Objective

We investigated the acute effects of SIM on cerebral microvascular rarefaction and dysfunction in SHRs.

Methods

Male WKY and SHRs were divided into 4 groups of 8 animals each: WKY‐CTL and SHR‐CTL, treated with 0.9% saline; and WKY+SIM and SHR+SIM, treated with SIM (30 mg/kg/d) for 3 days by gavage. Cerebral FCD was assessed by intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy. mCBF before and after administration within the cranial window of angiotensin II (1 μmol L−1) was investigated using laser speckle contrast imaging.

Results

Cerebral FCD was reduced in SHR‐CTL compared to WKY‐CTL (P < .05). SIM increased cerebral FCD in SHRs compared to SHR‐CTL (P < .05). The mCBF was reduced in SHR‐CTL compared to WKY‐CTL (P < .05), and SIM increased mCBF compared with SHR‐CTL (P < .05). Angiotensin II elicited a reduction of mCBF in SHR‐CTL and increased mCBF in WKY‐CTL (SHR‐CTL ‐13.53 ± 2% vs WKY‐CTL +13.74 ± 4%; P < .001), which was attenuated in SHRs treated with SIM (SHR+SIM ‐6.7 ± 1% vs SHR‐CTL ‐13.53 ± 2%; P < .01).

Conclusions

The antihypertensive effect of SIM is associated with an improvement in cerebral microvascular perfusion and capillary density that may help to prevent hypertension‐induced cerebrovascular damage independent of cholesterol‐lowering.
Feeding ecology of Mediterranean common dolphins: The importance of mesopelagic fish in the diet of an endangered subpopulation
Authors: Giménez Joan , Marçalo Ana , García‐Polo Manuel , García‐Barón Isabel , Castillo Juan José , Fernández‐Maldonado Carolina , Saavedra Camilo , Santos M. Begoña , de Stephanis Renaud
Published: September 2017

The Mediterranean subpopulation of common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) is classified as endangered by theIUCN. Still, information about their diet in the Mediterranean is scarce. Stomach contents of 37 common dolphins stranded in the Alboran Sea and Strait of Gibraltar were analyzed. A total of 13,634 individual prey of 28 different taxa were identified. For fish, Myctophidae was the most important family as indicated by the highest index of relative importance (IRI= 8,470), followed by the family Sparidae (IRI= 609). The most important Myctophidae species was Madeira lantern fish (Ceratoscopelus maderensis) and for Sparids, the bogue (Boops boops). Cephalopods, instead, were found in low quantities only with 31 prey from the Loliginidae, Ommastrephidae, and Sepiolidae families. Overall, our results indicate that common dolphins are mainly piscivorous (99.77%N, 94.59%O, 99.73%W), feeding mostly on mesopelagic prey. Although common dolphins inhabit mainly coastal waters in the study area, the narrow continental shelf seems to facilitate the availability of Myctophids and other members of the mesopelagic assemblage to dolphins when the assemblage migrates to the surface at night. Our results represent the first attempt at quantifying the diet of this predator in the Alboran Sea and Strait of Gibraltar.
Multi‐jawed chaetognaths from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte (Cambrian, Series 2, Stage 3) of Yunnan, China
Authors: Shu Degan , Conway Morris Simon , Han Jian , Hoyal Cuthill Jennifer F. , Zhang Zhifei , Cheng Meirong , Huang Hai
Published: September 2017

Chaetognaths (arrow‐worms) are enigmatic in terms of their phylogenetic position, while the existence of Protosagitta spinosa from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte suggests minimal change in their unique bodyplan since at least the early Cambrian. Apart from rare (and sometimes controversial) soft‐bodied remains, the fossil record of chaetognaths is otherwise almost entirely dependent on early Palaeozoic phosphatic microfossils, some of which are placed amongst so‐called protoconodonts. Fused spine clusters are strikingly similar to the cephalic grasping apparatus of extant forms and are assumed to have had a comparable configuration. Here we report a new chaetognath, Ankalodous sericus gen. et sp. nov., coeval with Protosagitta but with a complex feeding apparatus consisting of multiple bundles of recurved spines whose principal function appears to have been grasping. Like all other chaetognaths a predatory mode of life is likely, but its position relative to the sediment–water interface is less certain. Reduction of the feeding apparatus, from the multi‐jawed arrangement of A. sericus to the grasping spines and associated smaller teeth seen in other chaetognaths, was probably a subsequent development and conceivably was linked with a shift to a pelagic mode of life. We also report a new specimen of Protosagitta. This confirms earlier observations but it possesses hitherto unrecognized features, including a cephalic tentacle and fin rays.
The Arabidopsis U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligase PUB30 negatively regulates salt tolerance by facilitating BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (BKI1) degradation
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhao Jinfeng , Li Long , Gao Yanan , Zhao Linlin , Patil Suyash Bhimgonda , Fang Jingjing , Zhang Wenhui , Yang Yuhong , Li Ming , Li Xueyong
Published: September 2017

The Arabidopsis U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligases play an important role in the ubiquitin/26S proteasome‐mediated protein degradation pathway. Recently, PUB30 has been reported to participate in the salt stress response during seed germination stage in abscisic acid (ABA)‐independent manner, but the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we displayed that the pub30 mutant was more tolerant to salt stress during seed germination, whereas the mutant of its closest homologue PUB31 showed mild sensitivity to salt stress. PUB30 exhibited E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. PUB30 specifically interacted with BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (BKI1), a regulator playing dual roles in brassinosteroids signaling, in vitro and in vivo. We found that BKI1 protein was ubiquitinated and degraded by the 26S proteasome. The degradation of BKI1 was slowed down in the pub30‐1 mutant compared with that in the wild type. The bki1 mutant was sensitive to salt, whereas the transgenic plants overexpressing BKI1 showed salt tolerant phenotype. All these results indicate that PUB30 negatively regulates salt tolerance probably through regulating the degradation of BKI1 and brassinosteroids signaling in Arabidopsis.
Basic actions reloaded
Authors: Amaya Santiago
Published: September 2017

In this article, I examine recent debates concerning the existence and the nature of basic actions. The discussion is structured around four theses, with which Arthur Danto introduced basic actions to contemporary theorists. The theses concern (a) the relationship between agency and causality, (b) the distinction between basic and complex actions, (c) the regress argument for basic actions, and (d) the structure of practical knowledge in the light these actions.
Divine forgiveness II: Reconciliation and debt‐cancellation theories
Authors: Warmke Brandon
Published: September 2017

Many people believe that God has forgiven them for the wrong things they have done. What is the nature of God's forgiveness? In this essay, the second in a two‐part series, I explore two further approaches to this question. I conclude by noting a few issues that, in my estimation, should be addressed in future philosophical discussions of the nature of divine forgiveness.
Temporal ersatzism
Authors: Emery Nina
Published: September 2017

Temporal ersatzism is the view that past entities exist, but are not concrete. The view is analogous to modal ersatzism, according to which merely possible worlds exist, but are not concrete. The goal of this paper is to give the reader a sense of the scope of available temporal ersatzist views, the ways in which the analogy with modal ersatzism may be helpful in characterizing and defending those views, and the sorts of considerations that are relevant when evaluating particular versions of temporal ersatzism.
Aging effects in the expression of macrophages in post‐treatment apical periodontitis lesions
Authors: de Almeida Natália Freire , Brasil Sabrina de Castro , Ferreira Dennis de Carvalho , Armada Luciana
Published: September 2017

Objectives

To evaluate the CD68 immunoexpression in post‐treatment apical periodontitis lesions of older patients and compare them with lesions of younger/middle age adults.

Methods

Biopsy specimens from 21 apical periodontitis lesions (12 granulomas and 9 cysts) were selected from older patients and 25 apical periodontitis lesions from younger/middle age adults (12 cysts and 13 granulomas) were selected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry using silanized slides with anti‐CD68 antibody. The slides were subdivided in five high‐power fields and the images were observed under an optical microscope to evaluate the epithelial and connective tissues.

Results

The results showed that there was no statistical difference for the CD68 expression in epithelial tissue of cysts between younger/middle age adults and older patients. However, for the connective tissue of both cysts and granulomas, there was a statistical difference between the two age groups. There was a statistical difference between the epithelial and the connective tissues in cysts of younger/middle age adults, and also when the epithelial tissue of the cysts was compared with connective tissue of the granuloma. In the group of older patients, there was no statistical difference between the connective tissue of the cysts and granulomas.

Conclusion

The intensity of the macrophage staining was greater in the connective tissue of cysts and granulomas alike in the younger/middle age adult patients, suggesting that these cells participate actively in this tissue. Immune responses in older patients may be compromised, suggesting that there is a greater tendency for the endodontic treatment of these patients to fail.
Bordetella bronchiseptica bloodstream infection in a renal transplant patient
Authors: Powers Harry R. , Shah Kairav
Published: September 2017

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a gram‐negative coccobacillus that infects animals, but rarely affects humans. B. bronchiseptica has been reported to cause disease in immunocompromised hosts. We present a case of a 61‐year‐old man with a renal transplant who developed B. bronchiseptica bacteremia likely as a result of close contact between dogs and his skin cancer biopsy sites. The patient was successfully treated with 2 weeks of oral levofloxacin. This case alerts physicians to B. bronchiseptica as a cause of bacteremia in solid organ transplant patients with exposure to animals.
Viral‐specific T‐cell response in hemorrhagic cystitis after haploidentical donor stem cell transplantation
Authors: Apiwattanakul Nopporn , Hongeng Suradej , Anurathapan Usanarat , Pakakasama Samart , Srisala Supanart , Techasaensiri Chonnamet , Andersson Borje S.
Published: September 2017

Viral hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be devastating. Standard treatment modalities have not been well established, but immune reconstitution may be necessary for sustained viral clearance. We studied five pediatric patients who developed viral HC after haplo‐identical HSCT. All patients developed virus‐specific CD4‐ and CD8‐positive T cells, and the emergence of these viral‐specific T cells was temporally associated with successful viral clearance.
Spectroanalysis in native gels (SING): rapid spectral analysis of pigmented thylakoid membrane complexes separated by CN–PAGE
Authors: Lucker Ben , Schwarz Eliezer , Kuhlgert Sebastian , Ostendorf Elisabeth , Kramer David M.
Published: September 2017

Photosynthetic organisms rapidly adjust the capture, transfer and utilization of light energy to optimize the efficiency of photosynthesis and avoid photodamage. These adjustments involve fine‐tuning of expression levels and mutual interactions among electron/proton transfer components and their associated light‐harvesting antenna. Detailed studies of these interactions and their dynamics have been hindered by the low throughput and resolution of currently available research tools, which involve laborious isolation, separation and characterization steps. To address these issues, we developed an approach that measured multiple spectroscopic properties of thylakoid preparations directly in native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels, enabling unprecedented resolution of photosynthetic complexes, both in terms of the spectroscopic and functional details, as well as the ability to distinguish separate complexes and thus test their functional connections. As a demonstration, we explore the thylakoid membrane components of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii acclimated to high and low light, using a combination of room temperature absorption and 77K fluorescence emission to generate a multi‐dimensional molecular and spectroscopic map of the photosynthetic apparatus. We show that low‐light‐acclimated cells accumulate a photosystem I‐containing megacomplex that is absent in high‐light‐acclimated cells and contains distinct LhcII proteins that can be distinguished based on their spectral signatures.
A distinct class of vesicles derived from thetrans‐Golgi mediates secretion of xylogalacturonan in the root border cell
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Chen Xinshi , Goldbeck Cameron , Chung Eric , Kang Byung‐Ho
Published: September 2017

Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. Golgi stacks in the border cells have hypertrophied margins, reflecting elevated biosynthetic activity to produce the polysaccharide components of the mucilage. To investigate the three‐dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high‐pressure frozen/freeze‐substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of transcisternae and swelling of thetranscisternae andtrans‐Golgi network (TGN) compartments. These swollen margins give rise to two types of vesicles larger than other Golgi‐associated vesicles. Margins oftrans‐Golgi cisternae accumulate theLM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope, and they become darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) after release from the Golgi. Epitopes for xyloglucan (XG), polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan‐I (PGA/RG‐I) are detected in thetrans‐most cisternae andTGNcompartments.LVs produced fromTGNcompartments (TGN‐LVs) stained lighter thanLVs and contained the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes seen in theTGN.LVs carrying theXGAepitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereasTGN‐LVs containing theXGandPGA/RG‐I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. Taken together, these results indicate thatXGAis secreted by a novel type of secretory vesicles derived fromtrans‐Golgi cisternae. Furthermore, we simulated the collapse in the central domain of thetrans‐cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model.
Automated Extraction of Function Knowledge From Text
Authors: Cheong Hyunmin , Li Wei , Cheung Adrian , Nogueira Andy , Iorio Francesco
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a method to automatically extract function knowledge from natural language text. The extraction method uses syntactic rules to acquire subject-verb-object (SVO) triplets from parsed text. Then, the functional basis taxonomy, WordNet, and word2vec are utilized to classify the triplets as artifact-function-energy flow knowledge. For evaluation, the function definitions associated with 30 most frequent artifacts compiled in a human-constructed knowledge base, Oregon State University's design repository (DR), were compared to the definitions identified by extraction the method from 4953 Wikipedia pages classified under the category “Machines.” The method found function definitions for 66% of the test artifacts. For those artifacts found, 50% of the function definitions identified were compiled in the DR. In addition, 75% of the most frequent function definitions found by the method were also defined in the DR. The results demonstrate the potential of the current work in enabling automated construction of function knowledge repositories.
Multall—An Open Source, Computational Fluid Dynamics Based, Turbomachinery Design System
Authors: Denton John D.
Published: September 2017

Turbomachinery design systems are usually the jealously guarded property of large companies, and the author is not aware of any for which the source code is freely available. This paper is aimed providing a freely available system that can be used by individuals or small companies who do not have access to an in-house system. The design system is based on the three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver Multall, which has been developed over many years. Multall can obtain solutions for individual blade rows or for multistage machines, and it can also perform quasi-3D (Q3D) blade-to-blade calculations on a prescribed stream surface and axisymmetric throughflow calculations. Multall is combined with a one-dimensional (1D) mean-line program, Meangen, which predicts the blading parameters on a mean stream surface and writes an input file for Stagen. Stagen is a blade geometry generation and manipulation program which generates and stacks the blading, combines it into stages, and writes an input file for Multall. The system can be used to design the main blade path of all types of turbomachines. Although it cannot design complex features such as shroud seals and individual cooling holes, these features can be modeled, and their effect on overall performance predicted. The system is intended to be as simple and easy to use as possible, and the solver is also very fast compared to most CFD codes. A great deal of user experience ensures that the overall performance is reasonably well predicted for a wide variety of machines. This paper describes the system in outline and gives an example of its use. The source codes are written in FORTRAN77 and are freely available for other users to try.
Influence of Combustor Flow With Swirl on Integrated Combustor Vane Concept Full-Stage Performance
Authors: Jacobi Simon , Rosic Budimir
Published: September 2017

The integrated combustor vane concept for power generation gas turbines with can combustors has been shown to have significant benefits compared to conventional nozzle guide vanes (NGV). Aerodynamic loss, heat transfer levels, and cooling requirements are reduced while stage efficiency is improved by approximately 1.5% (for a no-swirl scenario). Engine realistic combustor flow with swirl, however, leads to increased turning nonuniformity downstream of the integrated vanes. This paper thus illustrates the altered integrated vane stage performance caused by inlet swirl. The study shows a distinct performance penalty for the integrated vane rotor as a result of increased rotor incidence and the rotor's interaction with the residual swirl core. The stage efficiency advantage of the integrated combustor vane concept compared to the conventional design is thus reduced to 0.7%. It is furthermore illustrated how integrated vane profiling is suitable to reduce the turning variation across the span downstream of the vane, further improve stage efficiency (in this case by 0.23%) and thus mitigate the distinct impact of inlet swirl on integrated vane stage performance.
Modeling of Heat Transfer in Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coating Under High Radiant Heat Source and Parametric Study on Coating Thermal Response
Authors: Hsu Sheng-Yen
Published: September 2017

In this study, a new model for intumescent coatings is developed including the radiation transfer equation. So, one of the important features of this model is to give the insight of the radiative heat transfer in intumescent coating during expansion. In addition, the model equations are derived into a new coordinate system by introducing the expansion effect into the corresponding parameters. Consequently, the numerical results can be carried out by using a fixed grid system. The numerical results show that the radiative heat transfer near the exposed coating surface cannot be well simulated by the model of thermal radiation conductivity, which is widely used in the previous studies. So, it is suggested that the radiative heat transfer in the expanded char region should be formulated by a more considerate model. In addition, several parameters of coating thermal properties (thermal conductivity, extinction coefficient, and albedo) are tested and investigated under a radiant heat source. In addition to the transient response, the effects of these coating properties on the quasi steady results are also discussed. It is found that the thermal conductivity and the extinction coefficient in the expanded char region both dominate the coating performance. For the thermal properties of virgin coating, the thermal conductivity may have significant effect when the coating has large incomplete pyrolysis (expansion) region, while the extinction coefficient has little influence. Besides, the thermal conductivity and the albedo of virgin coating both alter the heating time to initial expansion but in different mechanisms.
Development and Applications of a Coupled Particle Deposition—Dynamic Mesh Morphing Approach for the Numerical Simulation of Gas Turbine Flows
Authors: Forsyth Peter R. , Gillespie David R.H. , McGilvray Matthew
Published: September 2017

The presence and accretion of airborne particulates, including ash, sand, dust, and other compounds, in gas turbine engines can adversely affect performance and life of components. Engine experience and experimental work have shown that the thickness of accreted layers of these particulates can become large relative to the engine components on which they form. Numerical simulation to date has largely ignored the effects of resultant changes in the passage geometry due to the build-up of deposited particles. This paper will focus on updating the boundaries of the flow volume geometry by integrating the deposited volume of particulates on the solid surface. The technique is implemented using a novel, coupled deposition-dynamic mesh morphing (DMM) approach to the simulation of particulate-laden flows using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes modeling of the bulk fluid, and Lagrangian-based particulate tracking. On an iterative basis, the particle deposition distributions are used to modify the surface topology by altering the locations of surface nodes, which modifies the mesh. The continuous phase solution and particle tracking are then recalculated. The sensitivity to the modeling time steps employed is explored. An impingement geometry case is used to assess the validity of the technique, and a passage with film cooling holes is interrogated. Differences are seen for all sticking and solid phase motion models employed. At small solid particle sizes, considerable disparity is observed between the particle motion modeling approaches, while the position and level of accretion is altered through the use of a nonisotropic stick and bounce model.
Characterization of a Wind Generation System for Use in Offshore Wind Turbine Development
Authors: Urbina Raul , Newton James M. , Cameron Matthew P. , Kimball Richard W. , Goupee Andrew J. , Thiagarajan Krish P.
Published: September 2017

Environmental conditions created by winds blowing oblique to the direction of the waves are necessary to conduct some survivability tests of offshore wind turbines. However, some facilities lack the capability to generate quality waves at a wide range of angles. Thus, having a wind generation system that can be rotated makes generating winds that blow oblique to the waves possible during survivability tests. Rotating the wind generation system may disrupt the flow generated by the fans because of the effect of adjacent walls. Closed or semiclosed wind tunnels may eliminate the issue of wall effects, but these types of wind tunnels could be difficult to position within a wave basin. In this work, a prototype wind generation system that can be adapted for offshore wind turbine testing is investigated. The wind generation system presented in this work has a return that minimizes the effect that the walls could potentially have on the fans. This study characterizes the configuration of a wind generation system using measurements of the velocity field, detailing mean velocities, flow directionality, and turbulence intensities. Measurements were taken downstream to evaluate the expected area of turbine operation and the shear zone. The dataset has aided in the identification of conditions that could potentially prevent the production of the desired flows. Therefore, this work provides a useful dataset that could be used in the design of wind generation systems and in the evaluation of the benefits of recirculating wind generation systems for offshore wind turbine research.
Weight-Estimation Method of FPSO Topsides Considering the Work Breakdown Structure
Authors: Kim Ki-Su , Roh Myung-Il , Lee Sung-Min , Kim Han-Sung , Ahn Hyunsik
Published: September 2017

With the recent international economic downturn, most engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractors are incurring deficits in their floating, production, storage, and offloading unit (FPSO) projects. Numerous reasons underpin these situations. One of the most important reasons is the cost-estimation failure. The cost estimation is the key contractual point and mainly depends on a weight estimation of the FPSO topsides. Because the topsides contain a lot of equipment and complex structures, it is very difficult to make an estimation at the contractual stage. To overcome this problem, many methods have been proposed to estimate the weight of offshore topsides; however, most of the methods involve the top–down approach, making it difficult to obtain a sufficiently accurate prediction for field-work usage in terms of the weight estimation. Therefore, a work breakdown structure (WBS) for the performance of the weight-estimation process is proposed in this study. Using the WBS of the FPSO topsides, the corresponding presentation of the weight-estimation process makes the process usable in the field work regarding the WBS-item estimations. Accordingly, estimates of the detailed units (disciplines, modules, and areas) inside the topside that were previously not possible were performed. In addition, a prototype program was developed using the proposed method, and the applicability of the proposed method was evaluated through the application of three projects.
Detailed Study on Breaking Wave Interactions With a Jacket Structure Based on Experimental Investigations
Authors: Jose Jithin , Podrażka Olga , Gudmestad Ove Tobias , Cieślikiewicz Witold
Published: September 2017

Wave breaking is one of the major concerns for offshore structures installed in shallow waters. Impulsive breaking wave forces sometimes govern the design of such structures, particularly in areas with a sloping sea bottom. Most of the existing offshore wind turbines were installed in shallow water regions. Among fixed-type support structures for offshore wind turbines, jacket structures have become popular in recent times as the water depth for fixed offshore wind structures increases. However, there are many uncertainties in estimating breaking wave forces on a jacket structure, as only a limited number of past studies have estimated these forces. Present study is based on the WaveSlam experiment carried out in 2013, in which a jacket structure of 1:8 scale was tested for several breaking wave conditions. The total and local wave slamming forces are obtained from the experimental measured forces, using two different filtering methods. The total wave slamming forces are filtered from the measured forces using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method, and local slamming forces are obtained by the frequency response function (FRF) method. From these results, the peak slamming forces and slamming coefficients on the jacket members are estimated. The breaking wave forces are found to be dependent on various breaking wave parameters such as breaking wave height, wave period, wave front asymmetry, and wave-breaking positions. These wave parameters are estimated from the wave gauge measurements taken during the experiment. The dependency of the wave slamming forces on these estimated wave parameters is also investigated.
Proportional–Integral Controller Design for Combustion-Timing Feedback, From n-Heptane to Iso-Octane in Compression–Ignition Engines
Authors: Ingesson Gabriel , Yin Lianhao , Johansson Rolf , Tunestål Per
Published: September 2017

The problem of designing robust and noise-insensitive proportional–integral (PI) controllers for pressure-sensor-based combustion-timing control was studied through simulation. Different primary reference fuels (PRF) and operating conditions were studied. The simulations were done using a physics-based, control-oriented model with an empirical ignition-delay correlation. It was found that the controllable region in between the zero-gain region for early injection timings and the misfire region for late injection timings is strongly PRF dependent. As a result, it was necessary to adjust intake temperature to compensate for the difference in fuel reactivity prior to the controller design. With adjusted intake temperature, PRF-dependent negative-temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior gave different system characteristics for the different fuels. The PI controller design was accomplished by solving the optimization problem of maximizing disturbance rejection and tracking performance subject to constraints on robustness and measurement-noise sensitivity. Optimal controller gains were found to be limited by the high system gain at late combustion timings and high-load conditions; furthermore, the measurement-noise sensitivity was found to be higher at the low-load operating points where the ignition delay is more sensitive to variations in load and intake conditions. The controller-gain restrictions were found to vary for the different PRFs; the optimal gains for higher PRFs were lower due to a higher system gain, whereas the measurement-noise sensitivity was found to be higher for lower PRFs.