bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High mobility group box1 (HMGB1) in relation to cutaneous inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Abdulahad DA , Westra J , Reefman E , Zuidersma E , Bijzet J , Limburg PC , Kallenberg CGM , Bijl M
Published: April 2013

Photosensitivity is characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Upon ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, patients develop inflammatory skin lesions in the vicinity of sunburn cells (SBCs). High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is released from apoptotic and activated cells and exerts inflammatory actions through ligation to its receptors.

Methods

Eleven SLE patients and 10 healthy controls (HCs) were exposed to UVB. Skin biopsies were taken before and at one, three and 10 days after irradiation. Sections were stained for SBC, HMGB1, CD3, CD68, interferon-induced protein MxA and cleaved caspase 3. In vitro experiments with UVB-irradiated keratinocytes were also performed. Higher numbers of cells that had released HMGB1 were seen in the skin of SLE patients compared to HCs before and after irradiation. HMGB1-negative nuclei correlated with the presence of SBCs, and with the number of cleaved caspase 3 positive cells in lupus skin.

Results

HMGB1 release is increased in the skin of SLE patients compared to HCs. Upon UVB exposure, HMGB1 release further increases in SLE patients and is related to the number of apoptotic cells. Our data suggest that HMGB1, probably released from apoptotic keratinocytes, contributes to the development of inflammatory lesions in the skin of SLE patients upon UVB exposure.
Questioning Biodiversity Governance through Its Articulations
Authors: Daccache Michel
Published: April 2013

Biodiversity Erosion has been subjected in the last few years to a whistleblowing and agenda-setting process. This trend has led to the emergence of governance entities meant to measure this crisis and to elaborate management and control technologies. Among these, having recourse to economic tools and to the market has been one of the most salient ideas. One may wonder how relying on economy and the market in biodiversity management has imposed itself as something evident. This article aims to contribute to answer this question. Firstly, it gives a general account of the historical shift in the field of environmental governance towards market-based policies. Then it tries to shed some light on the way this shift practically happened, focusing on the places where biodiversity management is elaborated. It insists on the fact that biodiversity governance networks are structured around places that articulate several social realms and several sets of norms, which may not be fully compatible. Therefore, the paper wonders how the articulation may be achieved. Focusing on a workgroup that brings together various actors of biodiversity governance, it shows that social, logical and normative contradictions can be neutralised through various practical means, allowing to establish a one-way-oriented common sense.
The Impact of Idle Time in the Classroom
Authors: Imeraj Lindita , Antrop Inge , Roeyers Herbert , Deboutte Dirk , Deschepper Ellen , Bal Sarah , Sonuga-Barke Edmund
Published: April 2013

Objective: Studies have identified an exacerbation of ADHD deficits under specific laboratory conditions. Less is known about the significance of such contextual factors in relation to everyday functioning in naturalistic settings. Method: This study investigated the differential impact of classroom “idle time”—periods when students are not actively engaged or waiting for a task—on the behavior of 31 children with ADHD (25 boys and 6 girls; aged 6-12 years) and 31 sex- and age-matched typically developing classmates, who were simultaneously observed in their normal classroom during two school days. Results: Both groups experienced the same amount of idle time (12% of the time). During idle time, however, levels of hyperactivity and noisiness increased significantly more in children with ADHD than in their classmates ( p < .05). Conclusion: Findings highlight the differential susceptibility of ADHD children to classroom idle time. Classroom interventions might consider targeting specifically these periods to reduce disruptive behavior in these children.
Mixed friction model for rough contacts at high pressure
Authors: Neubert Sebastian , Porat Artur , Hentschke Christoph , Jacobs Georg
Published: April 2013

A novel configuration of contact and friction models is outlined to describe friction in rough line contacts operating under mixed friction. The load distribution between fluid and solid body contacts is iteratively determined with a combination of the half-space theory and an established elasto-hydrodynamic model. On this basis, boundary friction and fluid friction are determined with a frictional work method and a fluid friction model, respectively. The calculation results based on the developed model are compared with experimental results achieved with rolling bearings, frictionally engaged freewheels as well as tribometers for contact pressures up to 2500 MPa. In wide ranges, experimental results show good compliance with the calculated results.
An invitation to use craigslist ads to recruit respondents from stigmatized groups for qualitative interviews
Authors: Worthen Meredith GF
Published: April 2013

Craigslist.org is a website devoted to classified advertisements as well as discussion forums with locations in more than 700 sites in 70 countries. At an estimated 30 billion page views per month and more than 50 million new classified ads posted monthly, craigslist ads have the ability to reach a wide audience. Although wildly popular, no studies to date have investigated the use of craigslist ads for qualitative research study recruitment. In this research note, I offer my own experiences from 2011 to 2012 using craigslist ads ( N = 77) to recruit obese respondents ( N = 38) for qualitative interviews in one major metro area in the southern United States. I also discuss some advantages and limitations of using craigslist as a recruitment tool. Overall, I invite social science researchers to consider craigslist as an innovative tool to recruit respondents for qualitative research.
Legislation Affecting Governmental Assistance for Children of Parents With Substance Use
Authors: Raynor Phyllis , Williams Pamela Holtzclaw
Published: April 2013

There is legislation that withdraws governmental assistance where parents are using drugs. Social justice is an important consideration in any policy that modifies governmental assistance that benefits vulnerable children. The purpose of this policy analysis is to analyze identified legislation that effect governmental assistance for children in response to parents’ substance misuse. A selective review of data-driven studies examined findings describing actual or potential effects on children of legislation targeting parental substance misuse. Challenges in design, processes, and implementation contribute to poor child outcomes. Identifiable constructs of social justice were missing in the reviewed legislation. Social injustice is a potential outcome for children when legislative intent focuses solely on addressing parental drug behaviors. Legislative alternatives to withdrawing support can address substance abuse while maintaining health promotion for these vulnerable children.
Feel Free, Be Yourself
Authors: Yagil Dana , Medler-Liraz Hana
Published: April 2013

Authenticity is a relational construct, but research to date has largely overlooked the relationship between authentic leadership and follower authenticity. In our first study, comprising 162 leader–follower dyads, we examined the conditions that enhance followers’ authenticity in regard to the leader. We found that deviations from prototypical leader emotions (e.g., shame) reinforce the relationship between authentic leadership and employees’ unbiased self-presentation. Contrary to predictions, no such effect was found for followers’ ingratiation. Our second study examined the generalization of the effect of authentic leadership to the service context, in which authentic self-expression is inhibited by organizational display rules. This diary study of 380 service employees’ emotional experiences and authenticity in service encounters found that authentic leadership reinforced the relationship of employees’ positive emotions with authentic self-expression.
The Moderating Role of Ethical Leadership
Authors: Philipp Beverly L. U. , Lopez Patricia Denise J.
Published: April 2013

This study investigated interrelationships among psychological contracts, ethical leadership, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) using an online survey of 159 employees and 96 peers. Transactional contracts were negatively correlated with affective commitment, normative commitment, and OCB. Ethical leadership moderated the relationships between psychological contracts and organizational outcomes. When ethical leadership was high, the negative relationships between transactional contracts and affective and normative commitment were weaker than when ethical leadership was low. Ethical leadership also influenced the positive relationship between relational contracts and OCB, such that this relationship was stronger when ethical leadership was high. Implications for management and future research are discussed.
Tipu Sultan in History
Authors: Sil Narasingha
Published: April 2013

This historiographical essay seeks to chart a middle course between what may be called Tipu bashing and, to borrow an expression from Anne Buddle, “Tipu Mania,” with a view to providing a balanced view of Tipu Sultan the man and the statesman. This study is premised on the verdict of Joseph François Michaud who not only admires the Sultan’s courage and noble intentions but also laments his superstition, lack of discretion and farsight, apathy to deliberations, and counterproductive stubbornness that inevitably led to his undoing. Tipu’s tenacious conviction in the rectitude of his policies and measures deprived him of the sagacity to mend and amend them as and when necessary. The American gymnast and three-time Olympian Dominique Dawes observed that people do not plan to fail but respond to failure when it occurs by bouncing back and responding to it. Tipu Sultan’s misfortune was that he failed to learn from his failures.
The Spatial Relationship of Child Homicides to Community Resources in a Large Metropolitan Area
Authors: Shenoi Rohit , Levine Ned , Donaruma-Kwoh Marcella Marie , Lyn Michelle A. , Hunter Jill V. , Giardino Angelo P.
Published: April 2013

We evaluated the relationship between neighborhood sociodemographic factors, community resources, and homicides involving young children. We performed spatial analysis of children under age five murdered in Harris County, Texas, from 1997 to 2003. Data on county population, household, socioeconomic, and residential mobility characteristics were allocated to census block groups. Age-adjusted spatial clusters of the homicides were identified. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo negative binomial regression risk model tested the relationship of age-adjusted number of child homicides to block group characteristics and distance of victim’s residence to community resources. Child maltreatment accounted for 94% of 125 homicides. In all, 64% were concentrated in 12 age-adjusted spatial clusters involving 3% of county area. Predictors for number of homicides were a larger number of single-parent households (male and female) and lower median household income. Distance to nearest community resources was not significant. Spatial clusters of child homicides were associated with low-income neighborhoods and single-parent (male and female) households. No association between the spatial clusters of child homicides and their proximity to community resources was observed. A high percentage of child homicides were concentrated in a small area of the county, which offers the potential for targeted, cost-effective interventions.
Contrasting Desired Sports Journalism Skills in a Convergent Media Environment
Authors: Ketterer Stan , McGuire John , Murray Ray
Published: April 2013

This research study considered the desired job skills for future newspaper sports reporters and television sports reporters in the convergence journalism era. A national survey of newspaper sports editors and TV sports directors ranked their five most important skills using open-ended responses. Although the skills were not correlated at each level of importance, a significant and strong correlation was found in overall rankings. Both groups stressed fundamental skills such as writing, but specialization was also important, especially production skills for TV sports journalists. Also, participants wanted applicants with a wider variety of skills to meet the demands of a converged media environment and a shrinking workforce.
Effects of sevoflurane postconditioning on cell death, inflammation and TLR expression in human endothelial cells exposed to LPS
Authors: Rodríguez-González Raquel , Baluja Aurora , Veiras Del Río Sonia , Rodríguez Alfonso , Rodríguez Jaime , Taboada Manuel , Brea David , Álvarez Julián
Published: April 2013

Background

Sevoflurane is an anesthetic agent which also participates in protective mechanisms in sepsis, likely due to anti-inflammatory properties. A key tissue in sepsis is the endothelium, which expresses TLR2 and TLR4 receptors, known regulators of inflammatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for this pathology. In this context, we explored the effect of sevoflurane postconditioning in anin vitrosepsis model.

Methods

Primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used for two different experiments. In the first set, cultures were placed in an airtight incubation chamber and exposed to different concentrations of sevoflurane (0,1,3 or 7% vol,) for 1 hour. In the second set, lipopolysaccharide fromEscherichia coli0111:B4 (1 μg/mL) was added to culture medium for 3 hours and cells were subsequently exposed to sevoflurane (0,1,3 or 7% vol,) for 1 hour as explained before. In both cases, cell viability was measured by MTT and Trypan blue assays, TLR2 and TLR4 expression were analyzed by flow cytometry, and TNFα and IL-6 levels were quantified in cell culture media by an immunoassay immediately after exposure, at 6 and 24 hours.

Results

Exposure to 3% sevoflurane decreased TLR2 at 24 hours and TLR4 at 6 and 24 hours (both p<0.05), whereas exposure to 7% decreased TLR4 expression at 6 hours (p<0.05). Both 3 and 7% sevoflurane decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels at 24 hours (both p<0.05). In LPS-stimulated cultures, exposure to 3% sevoflurane was cytoprotective at 6 and 24 hours (p<0.05) compared with control, and decreased TLR2 and TLR4 expression at 24 hours (p<0.05); whereas 7% decreased TLR4 expression at 24 hours (p<0.05). Both 3% and 7% sevoflurane decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels at 24 hours (both p<0.05).

Conclusions

Postconditioning with the halogenated anesthetic agent sevoflurane after LPS stimulation shows a cytoprotective effect in anin vitromodel, decreasing cell death and reducing TLR2 and TLR4 expression as well as levels of the inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-6 in human endothelial cells.
Electroacupuncture Improves Thermal and Mechanical Sensitivities in a Rat Model of Postherpetic Neuralgia
Authors: Wu Cai-hua , Lv Zheng-tao , Zhao Yin , Gao Yan , Li Jia-qing , Gao Fang , Meng Xian-fang , Tian Bo , Shi Jing , Pan Hui-lin , Li Man
Published: April 2013

Background

Electroacupuncture (EA) is effective in relieving pain in patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of EA in PHN is still unclear. Systemic injection of resiniferatoxin (RTX), an ultrapotent analog of TRPV1 agonist, in adult rats can reproduce the clinical symptoms of PHN by ablating TRPV1-expressing sensory neurons. In this study, we determined the beneficial effect of EA and the potential mechanisms in this rat model of PHN.

Methods

PHN was induced in rats by a single injection of RTX. Thermal hyperalgesia was tested with a radiant heat stimulus, and mechanical allodynia was quantified with von Frey filaments. TRPV1 receptors were shown by using immunofluorescence labeling. The ultrastructural changes of the sciatic nerve were assessed by electron microscopic examination. The sprouting of myelinated primary afferent terminals into the spinal dorsal horn was mapped by using the transganglionic tracer cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB).

Results

RTX injection diminished thermal sensitivity and gradually induced tactile allodynia within 3 weeks. EA applied to GB30 and GB34 at 2 and 15 Hz, but not 100 Hz, significantly increased the thermal sensitivity 4 weeks after treatment and decreased the tactile allodynia 2 weeks after treatment in RTX-treated rats. EA treatment at 2 and 15 Hz recovered the loss of TRPV1-positive dorsal root ganglion neurons and their central terminals of afferent fibers in the spinal superficial dorsal horn of RTX-treated rats. Moreover, EA significantly reduced the loss of unmyelinated fibers and the damage of the myelinated nerve fibers of RTX-treated rats. Furthermore, EA at 2 and 15 Hz inhibited the sprouting of myelinated primary afferent terminals into the spinal lamina II of RTX-treated rats.

Conclusions

EA treatment improves thermal perception by recovering TRPV1-positive sensory neurons and nerve terminals damaged by RTX. EA Also reduces RTX-induced tactile allodynia by attenuating the damage of myelinated afferent nerves and their abnormal sprouting into the spinal lamina II. Our study provides new information about the mechanisms of the therapeutic actions of EA in the treatment of PHN.
Temporal humidity variations in the heritage climate of South East England
Authors: Brimblecombe Peter
Published: April 2013

Humidity is an extremely important parameter in the protection of cultural heritage. Despite this its climatology has not been frequently studied. A range of instruments have been available for many years, but until recently accurate measurement has been problematic. Assessing average humidity has been difficult because of the wide diurnal and annual variation and the sensitivity of the water content of the air to temperature. Observations at Gatwick and Heathrow since the middle of the 20th century suggest a decrease in relative humidity, which may be as much as 10% in the summer months by the end of the 21st century. Estimates of salt damage and stress in wood, caused by day-to-day fluctuations in humidity for the rest of this century, are difficult to predict because increased dispersion in daily values. A careful analysis of the data structure suggests these pressures may be relative constant, such that salt weathering by halite is likely to be fairly constant through the coming century. However, the problems with the data structure indicated the danger in using sequential daily values from the UKCP09 projections. Indoors, taking the Cartoon Gallery at Knole near Sevenoaks as an example, suggests conditions will be reasonably constant over time. However, maintaining a lower indoor humidity close to 50% would likely involve the removal of much larger amounts of water during dehumidification in the future.
Economic evaluation of the anti-stigma social marketing campaign in England 2009-2011
Authors: Evans-Lacko Sara , Henderson Claire , Thornicroft Graham , McCrone Paul
Published: April 2013

Background

Evidence on the economic impact of social marketing antistigma campaigns in relation to people with mental illness is limited.

Aims

To describe the economic impact of the Time to Change (TTC) anti-stigma social marketing campaign, including the potential effects on the wider economy.

Method

Data collected for the evaluation of TTC were combined with the social marketing campaign expenditure data to investigate differences in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in relation to campaign awareness. To evaluate the return on investment, we applied a decision model that estimated the impact on employment for people with depression.

Results

Based on average national social marketing campaign costs, the economic benefits outweighed costs even if the campaign resulted in only 1% more people with depression accessing services and gaining employment if they experienced a health improvement The cost per person with improved intended behaviour was at most £4 if we assume the campaign was responsible for 50% of the change. Costs associated with improved knowledge and attitudes, however, were more variable.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that the TTC anti-stigma social marketing campaign is a potentially cost-effective and low-cost intervention for reducing the impact of stigma on people with mental health problems.
The genetic depletion or the triptolide inhibition of TFIIH in p53 deficient cells induce a JNK-dependent cell death in Drosophila
Authors: Villicaña Claudia , Cruz Grisel , Zurita Mario
Published: April 2013

TFIIH participates in transcription, nucleotide excision repair and the control of the cell cycle. In this work, we demonstrate that the Dmp52 subunit of TFIIH in Drosophila physically interacts with the fly p53 homologue, Dp53. The depletion of Dmp52 in the wing disc generates chromosome fragility, increases apoptosis and produces wings with a reduced number of cells; cellular proliferation, however, is not affected. Interestingly, instead of suppressing the apoptotic phenotype, the depletion of Dp53 in Dmp52-depleted wing disc cells increases apoptosis and the number of cells that suffer from chromosome fragility. The apoptosis induced by the depletion of Dmp52 alone is partially dependent on the JNK pathway. In contrast, the enhanced apoptosis caused by the simultaneous depletion of Dp53 and Dmp52 is absolutely JNK-dependent. In this study, we also show that the anti-proliferative drug triptolide, which inhibits the ATPase activity of the XPB subunit of TFIIH, phenocopies the JNK-dependent massive apoptotic phenotype of Dp53-depleted wing disc cells; this observation suggests that the mechanism by which triptolide induces apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells involves the activation of the JNK death pathway.
Stationary Black Holes: Uniqueness and Beyond
Authors: Heusler Markus
Published: April 2013

The spectrum of known black hole solutions to the stationary Einstein equations has increased in an unexpected way during the last decade. In particular, it has turned out that not all black hole equilibrium configurations are characterized by their mass, angular momentum and global charges. Moreover, the high degree of symmetry displayed by vacuum and electro-vacuum black hole space-times ceases to exist in self-gravitating non-linear field theories. This text aims to review some of the recent developments and to discuss them in the light of the uniqueness theorem for the Einstein-Maxwell system.
Time-Delay Interferometry
Authors: Tinto Massimo , Dhurandhar Sanjeev V.
Published: April 2013

Equal-arm interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation allow phase measurements many orders of magnitude below the intrinsic phase stability of the laser injecting light into their arms. This is because the noise in the laser light is common to both arms, experiencing exactly the same delay, and thus cancels when it is differenced at the photo detector. In this situation, much lower level secondary noises then set the overall performance. If, however, the two arms have different lengths (as will necessarily be the case with space-borne interferometers), the laser noise experiences different delays in the two arms and will hence not directly cancel at the detector. In order to solve this problem, a technique involving heterodyne interferometry with unequal arm lengths and independent phase-difference readouts has been proposed. It relies on properly time-shifting and linearly combining independent Doppler measurements, and for this reason it has been called Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI). This article provides an overview of the theory and mathematical foundations of TDI as it will be implemented by the forthcoming space-based interferometers such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission. We have purposely left out from this first version of our “Living Review” article on TDI all the results of more practical and experimental nature, as well as all the aspects of TDI that the data analysts will need to account for when analyzing the LISA TDI data combinations. Our forthcoming “second edition” of this review paper will include these topics.
Characteristic Evolution and Matching
Authors: Winicour Jeffrey
Published: April 2013

I review the development of numerical evolution codes for general relativity based upon the characteristic initial-value problem. Progress in characteristic evolution is traced from the early stage of 1D feasibility studies to 2D-axisymmetric codes that accurately simulate the oscillations and gravitational collapse of relativistic stars and to current 3D codes that provide pieces of a binary black-hole spacetime. Cauchy codes have now been successful at simulating all aspects of the binary black-hole problem inside an artificially constructed outer boundary. A prime application of characteristic evolution is to extend such simulations to null infinity where the waveform from the binary inspiral and merger can be unambiguously computed. This has now been accomplished by Cauchy-characteristic extraction, where data for the characteristic evolution is supplied by Cauchy data on an extraction worldtube inside the artificial outer boundary. The ultimate application of characteristic evolution is to eliminate the role of this outer boundary by constructing a global solution via Cauchy-characteristic matching. Progress in this direction is discussed.
Oral Terbutaline in Replacement for Intravenous Dopamine in a Patient with End-Stage Heart Failure
Authors: Miles Adele , Shulan Andrew , Cheng Judy WM
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE

To describe the replacement of intravenous dopamine with oral terbutaline in a patient with American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association stage D heart failure (HF).

CASE SUMMARY

A 54-year-old male was admitted for acute decompensated HF, which was successfully managed by aggressive diuresis and intravenous dopamine 3 μg/kg/min. Multiple attempts to taper dopamine to discontinuation led to hypotension and bradycardia. In view of his hemodynamic response to dopamine weaning, oral terbutaline 5 mg every 8 hours was recommended to replace intravenous dopamine. With the addition of terbutaline, the patient continued to be hemodynamically stable, and dopamine was successfully discontinued, allowing the patient to be discharged home.

DISCUSSION

Radioligand binding studies have shown that both β-1 and β-2 receptors exist in human myocardium. Terbutaline is a β-2 agonist available in oral dosage form. Small single-dose studies have demonstrated that terbutaline improved cardiac output and increased heart rate, either directly by its positive inotropic effect or indirectly by its pulmonary vasodilatory effect. There are no long-term efficacy and safety data on the use of oral terbutaline in the management of HF. However, in our case, in which symptomatic improvement and comfort measure were our main goals of therapy, the use of oral terbutaline allowed us to successfully discontinue dopamine and maintain hemodynamic stability.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of oral terbutaline to replace intravenous dopamine led to a successful maintenance of hemodynamic stability in a patient with advanced stage HF. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports describing the use of oral terbutaline to replace intravenous inotropes for maintaining hemodynamic stability.
Diffusing Substances during Spreading Depolarization: Analytical Expressions for Propagation Speed, Triggering, and Concentration Time Courses
Authors: Zandt Bas-Jan , ten Haken Bennie , van Putten Michel J. A. M.
Published: April 2013

Spreading depolarization (SD) is an important phenomenon in stroke and migraine. However, the processes underlying the propagation of SD are still poorly understood, and an elementary model that is both physiological and quantitative is lacking. We show that, during the onset and propagation of SD, the concentration time courses of excitatory substances such as potassium and glutamate can be described with a reaction–diffusion equation. This equation contains four physiological parameters: (1) a concentration threshold for excitation; (2) a release rate; (3) a removal rate; and (4) an effective diffusion constant. Solving this equation yields expressions for the propagation velocity, concentration time courses, and the minimum stimulus that can trigger SD. This framework allows for analyzing experimental results in terms of these four parameters. The derived time courses are validated with measurements of potassium in rat brain tissue.
Aldosterone directly affects apelin expression and secretion in adipocytes
Authors: Jiang He , Ye Xiao-Ping , Yang Zhong-Yin , Zhan Ming , Wang Hai-Ning , Cao Huang-Min , Xie Hui-Jun , Pan Chun-Ming , Song Huai-Dong , Zhao Shuang-Xia
Published: April 2013

There is a high incidence of metabolic syndrome among patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), which has recently been associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic profile. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified in detail. Characterizing aldosterone (Ald) target genes in adipocytes will help us to elucidate the deleterious effects associated with excess Ald. Apelin, a novel adipokine, exerts beneficial effects on obesity-associated disorders and cardiovascular homeostasis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high Ald levels on apelin expression and secretion and the underlying mechanisms involved in adipocytes. In vivo, a single-dose Ald injection acutely decreased apelin serum levels and adipose tissue apelin production, which demonstrates a clear inverse relationship between the levels of plasma Ald and plasma apelin. Experiments using 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed that Ald decreased apelin expression and secretion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This effect was reversed by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists or GR (NR3C1) knockdown; furthermore, putative HREs were identified in the apelin promoter. Subsequently, we verified that both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids regulated apelin expression through GR activation, although no synergistic effect was observed. Additionally, detailed potential mechanisms involved a p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings strengthen the fact that there is a direct interaction between Ald and apelin in adipocytes, which has important implications for hyperaldosteronism or PA-associated cardiometabolic syndrome and hoists apelin on the list of potent therapeutic targets for PA.
Juventude e saúde: análise do discurso sobre oferta e acesso aos equipamentos e serviços públicos
Authors: Souza Cinoélia leal , Souzas Raquel
Published: April 2013

Do ponto de vista sociodemográfico, os jovens constituem hoje importante parcela da população brasileira. Em 2005 o governo brasileiro publicou a Política Nacional da Juventude. Apesar disso, os jovens ainda encontram muitas dificuldades de acesso aos serviços públicos, sobretudo os de saúde. Este estudo objetivou analisar o discurso de jovens e adolescentes estudantes sobre as condições de acesso aos serviços públicos e de saúde por meio da pesquisa qualitativa. Os estudantes abordados residem na zona rural e urbana do município de Vitória da Conquista - Bahia. Foi utilizado o método análise de conteúdo, proposto por Bardin (1979) e Minayo (2006), e a técnica de grupos de discussão para juventude proposta por Weller (2006).
Baixa autoestima situacional em gestantes: uma análise de acurácia
Authors: Cavalcante Joyce Carolle Bezerra , Sousa Vanessa Emille Carvalho de , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira
Published: April 2013

Para investigar a acurácia de características definidoras do diagnóstico Baixa autoestima situacional, realizou-se um estudo transversal, com 52 gestantes atendidas num centro de atendimento familiar. Utilizou-se a taxonomia da NANDA-I e a escala de Rosenberg. O diagnóstico esteve presente em 32,7% das gestantes e todas as características apresentaram associação estatística com o diagnóstico, exceto "Relata verbalmente desafio situacional ao seu próprio valor". As características com maior sensibilidade foram "Comportamento indeciso" e "Expressões de desamparo" (82,35%). Já as características "Expressões de sentimento de inutilidade" e "Relata verbalmente desafio situacional atual ao seu próprio valor" apresentaram maior especificidade (94,29%). Tais resultados podem contribuir com a prática de enfermagem, pois a identificação de características acuradas é fundamental para uma inferência segura.
Intervenções de enfermagem para o cuidado de pacientes com artrite: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Santos Daniella Soares dos , Carvalho Emília Campos de
Published: April 2013

Esta revisão integrativa buscou analisar a produção científica relacionada aos cuidados de enfermagem para pacientes com artrite. Foram incluídos 12 estudos experimentais, randomizados e controlados, publicados nas bases de dados CINAHL, MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS, utilizando os descritores controlados "arthritis" e "nursing". Os resultados apontaram a efetividade de musicoterapia, estimulação elétrica neuromuscular, toque terapêutico e imagem guiada associada a relaxamento, para o tratamento da dor. Ser atendido por enfermeira especialista aumentou a satisfação com o atendimento, melhorou o impacto da doença e aumento a procura por serviços de saúde. Programas educativos específicos para portadores de artrite estimularam a prática de exercícios físicos e aqueles direcionados a pessoas com problemas crônicos em geral mostraram-se efetivos para controlar a dor e a incapacidade funcional. Concluímos que existe um conjunto de intervenções que podem subsidiar a prática de enfermagem baseada em evidências junto aos idosos com artrite.
Volume of polyethylene bags for development of papaya seedlings in protected environments
Authors: Faria Tatiane A. C. , Costa Edilson , Oliveira Letícia C. de , Santo Tiago L. do Espírito , Silva Arthur P. da
Published: April 2013

The objective of this study was to test container of polyethylene bags and protected environments on the papaya seedlings production, from May to August of 2008, in Aquidauana state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil. Five bags of polyethylene were used: 7.5 cm x 11.5 cm, 205.9 cm³; 8.4 cm x 10.6 cm, 238.1cm³; 10.0 cm x 16.5 cm, 525.2 cm³; 12.0 cm x 12.0 cm, 550.0 cm³ and 15.0 cm x 21.5 cm, 1539.8 cm³. These containers were placed in three protected environments: greenhouse; screened nursery with Sombrite® and screened nursery with Aluminet®. Because there is no replication of growing environment, each one was considered an experiment. For each cultivation environment, it was adopted a completely randomized design with eight replications of two plants each. Initially, data were submitted to analysis of individual variance of the container (for each cultivation environment), then performing the evaluation of the residual mean squares and the combined analysis of these environments for comparison of protected environments. The greenhouse and nursery with thermal reflector screen produced the best seedlings. The bags of 15.0 x 21.5 cm produced the best papaya seedlings. The Dickson Quality Index pointed the nursery with screen of thermal reflector as the environment that produced the most vigorous seedlings, when using the best container.
Thermal comfort in reduced models of broilers' houses, under different types of roofing materials
Authors: Almeida Eduardo A. de , Passini Roberta
Published: April 2013

The research was developed to evaluate the use of different types of roofing materials regularly used in poultry houses. Measurements of thermal comfort were made through the use of techniques such as the Black Globe and Humidity Index (BGHI), the Thermal Heat Load (THL) and Enthalpy (H). Conducted in the State University of Goiás, during the months of April and May, 2011, the experiment was composed of five different treatments: AC - Asbestos cement tiles, BA -Bamboo tiles, BAP - Bamboo tiles painted in white, FB -Vegetable fiber tiles and bitumen, FBP -Vegetable fiber tiles and bitumen painted in white. The experiment consisted in 15 repetitions, which were considered the different days of measurements taken. Throughout the studied period, the time of the day considered the least comfortable was the one observed at 2:00pm, and the coverage of vegetable fiber and bitumen showed the highest value of BGHI (84.1) when compared to other types of coverage, characterizing a situation of lower thermal comfort, and no difference was found for THL and H on treatments in the studied region.
Irrigation management in pruned coffee tree crop
Authors: Custódio Anselmo A. de P. , Faria Manoel A. de , Rezende Fátima C. , Morais Augusto R. de , Leite Junior Maurício C. R.
Published: April 2013

It was evaluated the effect of irrigation management on the production characteristics of coffee cultivar Acaiá MG-1474, planted in spacing of 3.00 m x 0.60 m, pruned in 2004, and irrigated by drip since the planting, in 1997. The experimental designed used was of randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of irrigation management strategies, applying or not applying controlled moisture deficit in layer of 0 to 0.4m, in dry seasons of the year: A = no irrigation (control), B = irrigation during all year considering the factor of water availability in the soil (f) equal to 0.75, C = irrigation during all year considering f = 0.25, D = irrigation during all year, but in January /February /March /July /October /November /December with f = 0.25 and April /May /June /August /September with f = 0.75, E = irrigation only during April /May /June /August /September with f = 0.25. From July /2005 to June /2007 the applied water depth was defined based on Class A pan evaporation (ECA) and the period from July/2007 to June/2008 based on readings of matric potential of soil obtained from Watermark® sensors. Each plot consisted of three rows with ten plants per row, considering as useful plot five plants of center line. The results indicated that the E irrigation management was the most suitable for technical reasons.
Influence of irrigation on wheat crop
Authors: Flumignan Danilton L. , Lena Bruno P. , Faria Rogério T. de , Scholz Maria B. dos S. , Medina Cristiane de C.
Published: April 2013

The use of irrigation has been increased significantly in wheat crops in Brazil. This study aims to evaluate the effect of irrigation on the productivity, on flour technological quality and on the wheat root system. In a field experiment conducted at IAPAR, in Londrina -state of Paraná (PR), Brazil, the IPR 118 cultivar was grown under sprinkler irrigation (Irrigated Treatment) and without irrigation (Non-irrigated Treatment). The productivity was determined by harvesting three samples of 25 m² per treatment. The same samples were used to evaluate the flour technological quality, considering, among other parameters, gluten strength (W). The evaluation of the root system was performed after the harvest, considering a profile of 0 to 45 cm of soil depth, and sampling eight plants per treatment. The profile wall method was used to determine the roots number (RN) and the monolith method to determine the root dry mass (RDM). Irrigation increased wheat productivity in three times, while W was reduced in the flour. Nevertheless, the value of W found in the Irrigated Treatment (249 10-4 J) was sufficient to keep wheat classification as bread type, the same as IPR 118 cultivar is classified. The measured values of RN and RDM were similar or higher for the Non-irrigated Treatment.
Coffea arabica (cv Catuaí) production and bean size under different population arrangements and soil water availability
Authors: Sakai Emilio , Barbosa Eduardo A. A. , Silveira Jane M. de C. , Pires Regina C. de M.
Published: April 2013

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of drip irrigation under different population arrangements on the phytometric features, coffee productivity and bean size classification according to sieve retention. The experiment with Coffea arabica L. cv Catuaí was carried out in Mococa, São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was a 6 x 2 factorial scheme in randomized blocks, with four replications. The six densities of plantation were E1 (1.60 x 0.50 m); E2 (1.60 x 0.75 m); E3 (1.60 x 1.00 m); E4 (3.20 x 0.50 m); E5 (3.20 x 0.75 m) and E6 (3.20 x 1.00 m), which were divided according to the availability of water (irrigated - I - or non-irrigated - NI - groups). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and averages compared by Tukey test at 1 and 5% of probability. Descriptive analysis of coffee beans according to sieve classification was performed. Irrigation promoted an increase in plant height, crown diameter and production of processed coffee when compared with the NI group. Interaction between population arrangement and irrigation was observed, with an increase in production and crown diameter as the spacing was decreased. Therefore, irrigation provided significant increase in coffee bean size.
Influence of data acquisition geometry on soybean spectral response simulated by the prosail model
Authors: Breunig Fábio M. , Galvão Lênio S. , Formaggio Antonio R. , Epiphanio José C. N.
Published: April 2013

View angle and directional effects significantly affect reflectance and vegetation indices, especially when daily images collected by large field-of-view (FOV) sensors like the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are used. In this study, the PROSAIL radiative transfer model was chosen to evaluate the impact of the geometry of data acquisition on soybean reflectance and two vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI and Enhanced Vegetation Index -EVI) by varying biochemical and biophysical parameters of the crop. Input values for PROSAIL simulation were based on the literature and were adjusted by the comparison between simulated and real satellite soybean spectra acquired by the MODIS/Terra and hyperspectral Hyperion/Earth Observing-One (EO-1). Results showed that the influence of the view angle and view direction on reflectance was stronger with decreasing leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll concentration. Because of the greater dependence on the near-infrared reflectance, the EVI was much more sensitive to viewing geometry than NDVI presenting larger values in the backscattering direction. The contrary was observed for NDVI in the forward scattering direction. In relation to the LAI, NDVI was much more isotropic for closed soybean canopies than for incomplete canopies and a contrary behavior was verified for EVI.
Praxis, gênero humano e natureza: notas a partir de Marx, Engels e Lukács
Authors: Macário Epitácio
Published: April 2013

Tendo por base o pensamento de Marx, Engels e Lukács, o artigo sustenta que o gênero humano se funda sobre a práxis e evolui segundo uma dinâmica que reforça os elementos sociais e reduz as determinações naturais sobre a forma de vida humana.
El abordaje de la Atención Primaria de Salud, modelos organizativos y prácticas: caso de un Centro de Salud público urbano de Montevideo, Uruguay 2011
Authors: Berterretche Rosario , Sollazzo Ana
Published: April 2013

El estudio de caso tuvo lugar en un Centro de Salud público de Montevideo, con el objetivo de comprender cómo los modelos organizativos de oferta y gestión de la APS son traducidos en servicios, prácticas y procesos asistenciales. El Instrumento de investigación utilizado se contextualizó en la herramienta creada por la Profª. B. Starfield, el Primary Care Assessment Tool, adaptada y validada por Almeida y Macinko en Brasilia en 2006. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios a un grupo de usuarios, profesionales y gestores seleccionados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por criterios. Desde un punto de vista general, se observa una buena calificación de desempeño a nivel global en los atributos: puerta de entrada, cartera de servicios y formación profesional. Los atributos de nivel intermedio de desempeño corresponden a vínculo y coordinación. En el otro extremo, los atributos con menor nivel de desempeño fueron el enfoque familiar y comunitario y el acceso. Si bien la estrategia de APS está consagrada a un nivel macro social a través de un marco normativo sólido, su implementación a nivel operativo implica importantes desafíos para el logro de una adecuada integración y coordinación de los cuidados.
Atenção primária à saúde na América do Sul em perspectiva comparada: mudanças e tendências
Authors: Pereira Adelyne Maria Mendes , Castro Ana Luisa Barros de , Malagón Oviedo Rafael Antonio , Barbosa Ludmila Gonçalves , Gerassi Camila Duarte , Giovanella Ligia
Published: April 2013

Objetivou-se compreender as principais tendências e os desafios para a organização da atenção primária à saúde (APS) na América do Sul, no marco dos processos de mudanças políticas da última década movidos pela chegada ao poder de correntes de esquerda. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza comparada, desenvolvido a partir da análise de quatro casos - Brasil, Venezuela, Bolívia e Uruguai. Evidenciou-se que o novo contexto político deslocou o foco das políticas para a universalização e para modelos assistenciais fundados em uma APS integral. Contudo, permanecem desafios relacionados ao contexto histórico institucional de cada país para a consolidação da APS como estratégia estruturante de seus sistemas de saúde.
Intersetorialidade: possibilidade de parcerias entre a Estratégia Saúde da Família e a Pastoral da Criança
Authors: Marques Fabrine Costa , Ribeiro Karine Suene Mendes Almeida , Santos Warley Queiroz
Published: April 2013

Trata-se de estudo descritivo/qualitativo, com o objetivo de conhecer a percepção dos enfermeiros com relação à parceria com a pastoral da criança. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram analisados através da análise do discurso. A percepção foi considerada relevante ante a viabilidade do acompanhamento intensivo das crianças. As estratégias utilizadas pelas equipes na concretização da parceria foram: reuniões; processos de referência e contrarreferência; educação continuada e pesagem. A parceria mostrou-se relevante e efetiva na promoção da saúde, sobretudo na prevenção e no combate de doenças prevalentes na infância.
A prática profissional nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial II (caps II), na perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde mental de Santa Catarina
Authors: Martinhago Fernanda , Oliveira Walter Ferreira de
Published: April 2013

Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, que visa a analisar a percepção dos profissionais com relação à sua prática nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial II (CAPS II) de Santa Catarina. Os dados foram coletados nos 12 CAPS II do Estado, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 coordenadores e aplicação de questionários abertos com 24 técnicos. Os relatos foram analisados sob a ótica hermenêutico-dialética. Os resultados sugerem, a partir da percepção dos profissionais, que os CAPS II de Santa Catarina trabalham no limiar da institucionalização e que os usuários não contam com adequado suporte social e comunitário fora das instituições que prestam assistência à saúde mental.
Percepções de coordenadores de unidades de saúde sobre a fitoterapia e outras práticas integrativas e complementares
Authors: Machado Dayane Cordeiro , Czermainski Silvia Beatriz Costa , Lopes Edyane Cardoso
Published: April 2013

As práticas integrativas e complementares estão em fase de expansão. O estudo objetivou conhecer o ambiente entre gestores para a inclusão de fitoterápicos na assistência. Nesta série de casos, descrevemos as percepções de coordenadores de unidades de saúde sobre as práticas integrativas. Os dados foram coletados em um questionário estruturado. O interesse pela inserção das terapias foi demonstrado por 13 dos 15 entrevistados, e o mesmo número relatou uso de fitoterapia. A fitoterapia também é indicada aos usuários por 13 dos coordenadores. O grupo percebe haver maior prescrição de plantas medicinais do que de fitoterápicos. Conclui-se que há boa perspectiva de aceitação da fitoterapia na rede.