bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intuitive Prosociality
Authors: Zaki Jamil , Mitchell Jason P.
Published: December 2013

Prosocial behavior is a central feature of human life and a major focus of research across the natural and social sciences. Most theoretical models of prosociality share a common assumption: Humans are instinctively selfish, and prosocial behavior requires exerting reflective control over these basic instincts. However, findings from several scientific disciplines have recently contradicted this view. Rather than requiring control over instinctive selfishness, prosocial behavior appears to stem from processes that are intuitive, reflexive, and even automatic. These observations suggest that our understanding of prosociality should be revised to include the possibility that, in many cases, prosocial behavior—instead of requiring active control over our impulses—represents an impulse of its own.
The inside story. Physicians’ views on digital ano-rectal examination for anal cancer screening of HIV positive men who have sex with men
Authors: Ong Jason , Chen Marcus , Temple-Smith Meredith , Walker Sandra , Hoy Jennifer , Woolley Ian , Grulich Andrew , Fairley Christopher
Published: December 2013

Objective

Anal cancer is relatively common amongst HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM), but little is known about the anal cancer screening practices of HIV physicians, and whether digital ano-rectal examination (DARE) is utilized for this. To determine the practice of anal cancer screening among HIV physicians, and to identify any barriers for implementing DARE as a method for anal cancer screening.

Methods

36 physicians from a sexual health centre, 2 tertiary hospital infectious diseases outpatient clinics, and 2 general practices completed a questionnaire on their practice of anal cancer screening amongst HIV positive MSM. Physicians were asked about their confidence in using DARE for anal cancer screening, and whether they perceived barriers to implementing this in their clinic.

Results

Most physicians (86%, 95% CI: 71–95) thought that anal cancer screening was important, but only 22% (95% CI: 10–39) were currently screening. Reasons for not screening were the absence of guidelines (87%, 95% CI: 60–98), lack of time (47%, 95% CI: 30–65), and concern about patient acceptability of DARE (32%, 95% CI: 17–51). Whilst 67% (95% CI: 49–81) of physicians felt confident in performing a DARE, only 22% (95% CI: 10–39) were confident in recognizing anal cancer using DARE.

Conclusion

Although HIV physicians were aware of the need for anal cancer screening among the HIV + MSM population, few were routinely screening. If DARE were to be incorporated into routine HIV care, guidelines recommending screening and up-skilling of HIV physicians to recognize anal cancer are needed.
Keeping ahead of the game: Innovations and challenges in e-government in Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Nik Rosnah Wan , Mansor Norma Binti , Hamzah Azizah
Published: December 2013

This article examines the development and usage of e-government in Malaysia. The history of public administration reform in Malaysia demonstrates the government’s willingness to experiment with innovations seen as improving the efficiency, effectiveness and responsiveness of public services. Thus, e-government has been enthusiastically promoted by the Malaysian government and has spread across most government organisations at central and subnational levels. The article provides details of a range of services both within government and for society that are available in e-government modes. However, there are challenges to the development of e-government including adherence to traditional models of service delivery, resistance to organisational culture change by officials, preference for counter services by clients and constraints on the availability of information technology training. Mobile phones are now seen as a new way to encourage citizens to use e-government on a regular basis.
From censorship to active support: The Korean state and Korea’s cultural industries
Authors: Kwon Seung-Ho , Kim Joseph
Published: December 2013

This article examines the phenomenal growth of Korean cultural industries and their export to East Asia and other parts of the world. In the early years of industrialisation, culture was used by the authoritarian regime as a form of ideological support. Strict controls were exercised over cultural production and presentation. Controls were later relaxed as the regime used entertainment and sport as popular distractions. However, the increase in television ownership, the growth of domestic electronics and home appliance industries, and rising incomes (especially among the middle class) provided the material base for the growth of cultural industries following democratisation in the 1990s. Cultural industries became key drivers of economic growth, innovation and employment, and were strongly promoted and supported by government in the style of the developmental state. The result was burgeoning production and international trade across a wide spectrum of cultural industries – film, television drama, animation, video games and music. As a reflection of the increasing integration of Korea into world markets, the government also had to ensure compliance with international trade regulations and clamp down on piracy. Today, the Korean Wave of popular culture has reached consumers in all parts of the world and makes a significant contribution to Korean gross domestic product and exports.
Palliative Care Consultation Versus Palliative Care Unit
Authors: Alsirafy Samy A. , Abou-Alia Ahmad M. , Ghanem Hafez M.
Published: December 2013

Hospital length of stay (LoS) may be used to assess end-of-life care aggressiveness and health care delivery efficiency. We describe the terminal hospitalization LoS of patients with cancer managed by a hospital-based palliative care (PC) program comprising a palliative care consultation (PCC) service and an inpatient palliative care unit (PCU). A total of 328 in-hospital cancer deaths were divided into 2 groups. The PCU group included patients admitted by the PC team directly to the PCU. The PCC group included patients admitted by other specialties and referred to the PCC team. The LoS of the PCU group was significantly shorter than that of the PCC group (9.9 [±9.4] vs 17.8 [±19.7] days, respectively; P < .001). Direct terminal hospitalization to PCU is not associated with longer LoS among cancer deaths managed by a hospital-based PC service.
Advocating for Children With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Kaff Marilyn , Teagarden Jim , Zabel Robert
Published: December 2013

Eleanor Guetzloe shares her unique professional history in a conversation. Eleanor outlines her views on the history of the field and provides the reader with her insights on the future of the field. She offers valuable advice to those entering this field and shares what she sees as the areas where we can provide better support for children with challenging needs.
Challenges of Nursing Handover
Authors: Sabet Sarvestani Raheleh , Moattari Marzieh , Nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht , Momennasab Marzieh , Yektatalab Shahrzad
Published: December 2013

The aim of this study was to explore the challenges of nursing handover process during shift rotation in hospitals. The research had a descriptive exploratory design with a qualitative content analysis approach. To conduct the study, three pediatric wards were selected at first. Data were gathered through a 4-month observation of nursing handovers by recording the oral conversations of nurses during the process and semistructured interviews. Then, qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. Two major themes and five subthemes emerged through the data analysis. The first and the second themes were a nonholistic approach and poor management, respectively. In general, applying a holistic approach and managing handover situations are recommended for nursing managers to overcome handover challenges. Future focus could be on addressing handover challenges through an action research study.
Focus Group Evidence
Authors: Ryan Katherine E. , Gandha Tysza , Culbertson Michael J. , Carlson Crystal
Published: December 2013

In evaluation and applied social research, focus groups may be used to gather different kinds of evidence (e.g., opinion, tacit knowledge). In this article, we argue that making focus group design choices explicitly in relation to the type of evidence required would enhance the empirical value and rigor associated with focus group utilization. We offer a descriptive framework to highlight contrasting design characteristics and the type of evidence they generate. We present examples of focus groups from education and healthcare evaluations to illustrate the relationship between focus group evidence, design, and how focus groups are conducted. To enhance the credibility of focus group evidence and maximize potential learning from this popular qualitative data collection method, we offer a set of questions to guide evaluators reflection and decision making about focus group design and implementation.
A look into the local pedagogy of an English language classroom in Nepal
Authors: Tin Tan Bee
Published: December 2013

English language teaching (ELT) currently occurring in diverse social settings points to the need to locate ELT in its social context. Many researchers have highlighted the need to explore local vernacular practices, in particular ELT practices in peripheral contexts. The present study investigates events in an English language classroom at a Nepalese public college, using ethnographic observations and interviews. The article describes local practices that have emerged to match the contextual particularities of this classroom. Although localized practices are idiosyncratic, they have coherence within the macrocosm of language teacher education. Vernacular practices and local knowledge are under-represented in both ELT theories and language teacher education. The findings of the study will help understand classroom teaching practice and competence of teachers in ‘peripheral’ contexts as well as help raise ‘relevant doubts and questions’ (Bowers, 1986, p. 407) regarding established ELT theories and practices.
Protection and conviviality: Community policing in Johannesburg
Authors: Vigneswaran Darshan
Published: December 2013

The study of conviviality explores how everyday interactions and encounters mitigate or ameliorate sociocultural differences. This literature must address the critique that conviviality is a superficial phenomenon, which proves irrelevant in contexts where intergroup differences are deep, complex and punctuated by violent exchanges. This article addresses this criticism by attempting to define the meaning and purpose of convivial exchanges in a context characterized by high levels of violence: policing culture in Johannesburg, South Africa. Using ethnographic methods, the study illustrates how convivial practices often stem from individuals’ sense of insecurity and the search for protection in public settings. The article uses these findings to rethink the extent to which convivial practices might resolve social differences.
A study of US online community journalists and their organizational characteristics and story generation routines
Authors: Carpenter Serena , Nah Seungahn , Chung Deborah
Published: December 2013

Scientific knowledge in the area of journalism has been predominantly a reflection of research on journalists from elite publications rather than journalists from smaller publications. This research seeks to create a foundation for future research through a web survey of online community journalists in the USA. This study measured the extent to which their perceptions and publications reflect organizational traits such as a reliance on routine sources, income derived from publication and employment of news staff. This descriptive research also found that most online community journalists had a degree, but not a degree in journalism and communication. Suggestions are put forth to further theory and research on community journalists.
Evaluation of the constant volume sampler on plug-in hybrid electric vehicle cold start emission testing
Authors: Zhang Li , Brown Tim , Samuelsen Scott
Published: December 2013

Previous study shows that the constant volume sampler incorrectly measures some of the exhaust gas when testing a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle in the cold start condition when comparing the CO2 results from constant volume sampler and fuel flow meter. The main reason is likely associated with the exhaust left in the vehicle tailpipe and constant volume sampler sampling line. Other factors, such as fuel line expansion and water condensation in the exhaust system, are also considered to have contributions. This article evaluates these issues quantitatively by testing a Toyota Prius hybrid electric vehicle on the industry standard constant volume sampler system combined with both a fuel flow meter measurement and an electronic control unit record for fuel consumption. Cold start test cycles and test cycles with a system pre-purge event show that the constant volume sampler has a significant delay in measuring the exhaust, and the estimated exhaust losses for the test car are 15 g CO2. Tests with a purge event at the end of the driving cycle show that there are approximately 7 g of CO2 trapped in the exhaust system and the constant volume sampler sampling line, and the possible reasons for the discrepancy of the above two points (15 and 7 g) are evaluated. The expansion and air bubble influence the fuel flow meter, and the impact of water condensation on CO2 and CO appears to be negligible.
Privileging place: Reflections on involving people with dementia in a residency
Authors: Bartlett Ruth , Hick Caroline , Houston Agnes , Gardiner Larry , Wallace Daphne
Published: December 2013

Although attention is paid to involving people with dementia as collaborators in research, the issue of place – where involvement actually occurs – has been neglected. This is significant because we know from the academic literature that places can adversely affect social relations and a person’s ability to participate as equal partners. This paper privileges place and documents our experiences of running residencies in the English Lake District with people with dementia – Houston, Gardiner and Wallace all have some form of dementia. In doing so we provide a model to reference for involving people with dementia in research and knowledge production, while simultaneously strengthening the evidence base for the residency as a method for participatory research. People with dementia participated in two residencies to co-produce a touring exhibition and educational resource as part of a research dissemination project. We found that by privileging place a more equitable, productive, healthier, and respectful way of involving people with dementia as collaborators in research dissemination could be realised. The project has wider implications for the involvement of people with dementia in not only research, but also public consultations, service evaluations, and policy-related work.
Concussion Education for High School Football Players
Authors: Manasse-Cohick Nancy J. , Shapley Kathy L.
Published: December 2013

This survey study compared high school football players’ knowledge and attitudes about concussion before and after receiving concussion education. There were no significant changes in the Concussion Attitude Index. Results revealed a statistically significant difference in the athletes’ scores for the Concussion Knowledge Index, t(244) = 8.49, p = .000, and Cohen’s d = 1.05. Concussion education can help football players learn signs, symptoms, and negative effects of mild brain injuries.
Fresh onion juice enhanced copulatory behavior in male rats with and without paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction
Authors: Allouh Mohammed Z , Daradka Haytham M , Barbarawi Mohammed M Al , Mustafa Ayman G
Published: December 2013

Onion ( Allium cepa) is one of the most commonly cultivated species of the family Liliaceae, and has long been used in dietary and therapeutic applications. Treatment with fresh onion juice has been reported to promote testosterone production in male rats. Testosterone is the male sex hormone responsible for enhancing sexual libido and potency. This study aimed to investigate the effects of onion juice on copulatory behavior of sexually potent male rats and in male rats with paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction. Sexually experienced male rats were divided into seven groups: a control group, three onion juice-treated groups, a paroxetine-treated group, and two groups treated with paroxetine plus different doses of onion juice. At the end of the treatments, sexual behavior parameters and testosterone levels were measured and compared among the groups. Administration of onion juice significantly reduced mount frequency and latency and increased the copulatory efficacy of potent male rats. In addition, administration of onion juice attenuated the prolonged ejaculatory latency period induced by paroxetine and increased the percentage of ejaculating rats. Serum testosterone levels increased significantly by onion juice administration. However, a significant reduction in testosterone because of paroxetine therapy was observed. This reduction was restored to normal levels by administration of onion juice. This study conclusively demonstrates that fresh onion juice improves copulatory behavior in sexually potent male rats and in those with paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction by increasing serum testosterone levels.
Optical imaging of mitochondrial redox state in rodent models with 3-iodothyronamine
Authors: Ghanian Zahra , Maleki Sepideh , Reiland Hannah , Bütz Daniel E , Chiellini Grazia , Porter Fariba-Assadi , Ranji Mahsa
Published: December 2013

This study used an optical technique to measure the effects of treating low (10 mg/kg) and high (25 mg/kg) doses of 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) on the metabolism in the kidney and heart of mice. The ratio of two intrinsic fluorophores in tissue, (NADH/FAD), called the NADH redox ratio (NADH RR), is a marker of the metabolic state of the tissue. A cryofluorescence imaging instrument was used to provide a quantitative assessment of NADH RR in both kidneys and hearts in mice treated with 3-iodothyronamine. We compared those results to corresponding tissues in control mice. In the kidneys of mice treated with a high dose T1AM, the mean values of the maximum projection of NADH RR were 2.6 ± 0.6 compared to 3.20 ± 0.03 in control mice, indicating a 19% ( ± 0.4) significant increase in oxidative stress (OS) in the high dose-treated kidneys ( P = 0.047). However, kidneys treated with a low dose of T1AM showed no difference in NADH RR compared to the kidneys of control mice. Furthermore, low versus high dose treatment of T1AM showed different responses in the heart than in the kidneys. The mean value of the maximum projection of NADH RR in the heart changed from 3.0 ± 0.3 to 3.2 ± 0.6 for the low dose and the high dose T1AM-treated mice, respectively, as compared to 2.8 ± 0.7 in control mice. These values correspond to a 9% (±0.5) ( P = 0.045) and 14% (±0.5) ( P = 0.008) significant increase in NADH RR in the T1AM-treated hearts, indicating that the high dose T1AM-treated tissues have reduced OS compared to the low dose-treated tissues or the control tissues. These results suggest that while T1AM at a high dose increases oxidative response in kidneys, it has a protective effect in the heart and may exert its effect through alternative pathways at different doses and at tissue specific levels.
Endovascular Repair of Popliteal Artery Pseudoaneurysm With Arteriovenous Fistula After Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Alserr Ayman H. K. , Antonopoulos Constantine N. , Papapetrou Anastasios , Kakisis John D. , Brountzos Elias , Liapis Christos D.
Published: December 2013

We report a case of postarthroscopic popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm (PSA) with arteriovenous fistula (AVF; PSA-AVF) in a 53-year-old woman who presented with limb edema, pain, and bruit 1 year after arthroscopic meniscectomy. She was treated percutaneously by covered stent deployment. After 6 months of follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic, with patency of the stent and occlusion of the AVF. A review of the literature was also performed to investigate the prevalence of postarthroscopic PSAs and highlight the endovascular approach of treatment. Endovascular approach with covered stent appears to be less invasive and might be an effective and feasible way of treatment of postarthroscopic popliteal PSA-AVF.
Percutaneous Transcatheter Embolization of Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysms Causing Massive Hemoptysis
Authors: Saddekni Souheil , Aal Ahmed Kamel Abdel , Gaddikeri Santhosh , Hadi Samir , Singh Satinder P.
Published: December 2013

Systemic bronchial arterial circulation is the most common source for massive hemoptysis. Rarely, the source of bleeding can be the pulmonary artery. We report 2 different case scenarios of massive hemoptysis due to different etiologies, in which the source of bleeding was the pulmonary artery. Both the patients were treated with percutaneous transcatheter embolotherapy using coils. The 2 cases highlight the importance of considering pulmonary arterial etiology as the cause of hemoptysis while reporting diagnostic computed tomography studies and tailoring the interventional technique toward performing pulmonary angiography instead of searching for a systemic arterial source for hemoptysis.
Long-term outcome (20 to 33 years) of radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck’s lunatomalacia
Authors: Viljakka T. , Tallroth K. , Vastamäki M.
Published: December 2013

Radial shortening osteotomy (RSO) as treatment for Kienböck’s disease usually improves patient symptoms for several years. Four small series have also shown that the effect may last for decades, but only two studies have used a patient-based assessment. We examined 16 patients, with a mean age at operation of 32 years, evaluating clinical and radiological results at a mean 25 (range 20 to 33) years after surgery. Three patients had progressive lunate collapse, of whom one patient needed a silicone implant arthroplasty 2 years after RSO and one patient a wrist fusion 16 years after RSO. The time between onset of symptoms and osteotomy in the remaining 14 patients averaged 20 months. The mean VAS for pain was 0.9 at rest, 0.9 with unloaded motion, 1.7 with slight, and 3.0 with heavy exertion. Two patients had marked wrist pain. Compared with the contralateral wrist the mean range of motion was 88%, grip strength was 95%, and key pinch 107%. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score averaged 6.1, and the Mayo wrist score, 79.3. The Lichtman stage remained unchanged in 56% of patients. The inner structure of the lunate improved in all patients, and its shape remained unchanged in half of the cases. Radial shortening osteotomy provides decade-long improvement in 75% of patients and seems to be a reasonable treatment for symptomatic Kienböck’s disease.
When You Think Your Partner Is Holding Back
Authors: Impett Emily A. , Le Bonnie M. , Kogan Aleksandr , Oveis Christopher , Keltner Dacher
Published: December 2013

Do people benefit when they think their partner has made a sacrifice for the relationship? In a multimethod study of 80 couples, we examined whether people can detect when their partner suppresses their emotions and if perceived partner suppression is costly for the recipient of sacrifice. When people listened to their partner recall an important sacrifice in the lab and when people thought their partner sacrificed in daily life, they thought that their partner was less authentic the more they perceived them to have suppressed their emotions. In turn, perceived partner inauthenticity during sacrifice was associated with poorer personal well-being and relationship quality. These effects persisted over time with perceived partner suppression predicting poorer relationship quality 3 months later. The results were independent from the influence of an actor’s projection of their own suppression and their partner’s actual suppression. Implications for research on emotion regulation and close relationships are discussed.
Clonal B-cell lymphocytosis exhibiting immunophenotypic features consistent with a marginal-zone origin: is this a distinct entity?
Authors: Xochelli Aliki , Kalpadakis Christina , Gardiner Anne , Baliakas Panagiotis , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros P. , Mould Sarah , Davis Zadie , Stalika Evangelia , Kanellis George , Angelopoulou Maria K. , McIver-Brown Neil , Ibbotson Rachel , Sachanas Sotirios , Korkolopoulou Penelope , Athanasiadou Anastasia , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Papadaki Helen A. , Papadaki Theodora , Stamatopoulos Kostas , Pangalis Gerassimos A. , Oscier David
Published: December 2013

Key Points

Clonal B-cell lymphocytosis of potential marginal-zone origin (CBL-MZ) rarely progresses to a well-recognized lymphoma. CBL-MZ does not require treatment in the absence of progressive disease.
Can breastfeeding promote child health equity? A comprehensive analysis of breastfeeding patterns across the developing world and what we can learn from them
Authors: Roberts Thomas J , Carnahan Emily , Gakidou Emmanuela
Published: December 2013

Background

In 2010 more than 7.7 million children died before their fifth birthday. Over 98% of these deaths occurred in developing countries, and recent estimates have attributed hundreds of thousands of these deaths to suboptimal breastfeeding.

Methods

This study estimated prevalence of suboptimal breastfeeding for 137 developing countries from 1990 to 2010. These estimates were compared against WHO infant feeding recommendations and combined with effect sizes from existing literature to estimate associated disease burden using a standard comparative risk assessment approach. These prevalence estimates were disaggregated by wealth quintile and linked with child mortality rates to assess how improved rates of breastfeeding may affect child health inequalities.

Results

In 2010, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding ranged from 3.5% in Djibouti to 77.3% in Rwanda. The proportion of child Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding is 7.6% at the global level and as high as 20.2% in Swaziland. Suboptimal breastfeeding is a leading childhood risk factor in all developing countries and consistently ranks higher than water and sanitation. Within most countries, breastfeeding prevalence rates do not vary considerably across wealth quintiles.

Conclusions

Breastfeeding is an effective child health intervention that does not require extensive health system infrastructure. Improvements in rates of exclusive and continued breastfeeding can contribute to the reduction of child mortality inequalities in developing countries.
On the application of multi-class classification in physical therapy recommendation
Authors: Zhang Jing , Cao Peng , Gross Douglas P , Zaiane Osmar R
Published: December 2013

Recommending optimal rehabilitation intervention for injured workers that would lead to successful return-to-work (RTW) is a challenge for clinicians. Currently, the clinicians are unable to identify with complete confidence which intervention is best for a patient and the referral is often made in trial and error fashion. Only 58% recommendations are successful in our dataset. We aim to develop an interpretable decision support system using machine learning to assist the clinicians. We proposed an alternate ripper (ARIPPER) combined with a hybrid re-sampling technique, and a balanced weighted random forests (BWRF) ensemble method respectively, in order to tackle the multi-class imbalance, class overlap and noise problem in real world application data. The final models have shown promising potential in classification compared to human baseline and has been integrated into a web-based decision-support tool that requires additional validation in a clinical sample.
PDL241, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody, reveals CD319 as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Woo Jacky , Vierboom Michel PM , Kwon Hakju , Chao Debra , Ye Shiming , Li Jianmin , Lin Karen , Tang Irene , Belmar Nicole A , Hartman Taymar , Breedveld Elia , Vexler Vladimir , ‘t Hart Bert A , Law Debbie A , Starling Gary C
Published: December 2013

Introduction

Targeting the CD20 antigen has been a successful therapeutic intervention in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, in some patients with an inadequate response to anti-CD20 therapy, a persistence of CD20- plasmablasts is noted. The strong expression of CD319 on CD20- plasmablast and plasma cell populations in RA synovium led to the investigation of the potential of CD319 as a therapeutic target.

Methods

PDL241, a novel humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD319, was generated and examined for its ability to inhibit immunoglobulin production from plasmablasts and plasma cells generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the presence and absence of RA synovial fibroblasts (RA-SF). The in vivo activity of PDL241 was determined in a human PBMC transfer into NOD scid IL-2 gamma chain knockout (NSG) mouse model. Finally, the ability of PDL241 to ameliorate experimental arthritis was evaluated in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in rhesus monkeys.

Results

PDL241 bound to plasmablasts and plasma cells but not naïve B cells. Consistent with the binding profile, PDL241 inhibited the production of IgM from in vitro PBMC cultures by the depletion of CD319+ plasmablasts and plasma cells but not B cells. The activity of PDL241 was dependent on an intact Fc portion of the IgG1 and mediated predominantly by natural killer cells. Inhibition of IgM production was also observed in the human PBMC transfer to NSG mouse model. Treatment of rhesus monkeys in a CIA model with PDL241 led to a significant inhibition of anti-collagen IgG and IgM antibodies. A beneficial effect on joint related parameters, including bone remodeling, histopathology, and joint swelling was also observed.

Conclusions

The activity of PDL241 in both in vitro and in vivo models highlights the potential of CD319 as a therapeutic target in RA.
Anisotropic migration velocity analysis using reverse-time migration
Authors: Weibull Wiktor Waldemar , Arntsen Børge
Published: December 2013

Seismic anisotropy, if not accounted for, can cause significant mispositioning of the reflectors in depth-migrated images. Accounting for anisotropy in depth migration requires velocity analysis tools that can estimate the anisotropic background velocity field. We extended wave equation migration velocity analysis to deal with 2D tilted transverse isotropic media. The velocities were obtained automatically by nonlinear optimization of the focusing and stack power of common-image point gathers constructed using an extended imaging condition. We used the elastic two-way wave equation to reconstruct the wavefields needed for the image and gradient computations. This led to an anisotropic migration velocity analysis algorithm based on reverse-time migration. We illustrated the method with synthetic and field data examples based on marine surface seismic acquisition. The results showed that the method significantly improves the quality of the depth-migrated image. However, as is common in the case of velocity analysis using surface seismic data, the estimation of anisotropic parameters seems to be strongly nonunique.
Economics for the Masses: The Visual Display of Economic Knowledge in the United States (1910-45)
Authors: Charles Loïc , Giraud Yann
Published: December 2013

The rise of visual representation in textbooks is an important feature of the development of the economics discipline after World War II. We argue that it was preceded by a no less significant rise of visual representation in the larger literature devoted to social and scientific issues. During the interwar period, editors, propagandists, and social scientists encouraged the use of visual language as an important means of spreading information and opinions about the economy to a larger audience. We explore different yet related aspects of this development by studying the use of visual language in economics textbooks intended for nonspecialists, in periodicals such as the Survey (a monthly magazine intended for an audience of social workers), and by various state departments and agencies during the Roosevelt administration. We focus on two types of visuals that developed rapidly and had a strong relationship with the social sciences in this period: photographs and pictorial statistics. In the last part, we discuss how visualizations that were created as part of a critical program of more abstract forms of social theorizing (e.g., classical and marginal political economy) were transformed into an engine for New Deal political propaganda in the 1930s.
Tariffs and Trusts, Profiteers and Middlemen: Popular Explanations for the High Cost of Living, 1897-1920
Authors: Aldrich Mark
Published: December 2013

After decades of decline, US prices rose about 2.5 percent a year from 1897 to World War I and then more than doubled between 1914 and 1920. Popular explanations for these events can be studied via editorials and editorial cartoons, which reflected and contributed to an outpouring of public concern. While economists then and now adduced monetary causes for the price increases, popular theories blamed the tariff, monopolies, middlemen, profiteers, supply and demand, lazy farmers, incompetent housewives, and more. These explanations supported important political positions, and they had significant consequences, because worries over the high cost of living more powerfully shaped Progressive era public policy than has been appreciated. Tariff reduction, parcel post, antitrust prosecution, cold storage legislation, farm credit, standardization of weights and measures, and other reforms were importantly motivated by worries over high prices. Thus, apparently incorrect public understanding of economic events can sometimes lead to desirable public policies.
Dynamic Deception
Authors: Anderson Axel , Smith Lones
Published: December 2013

We characterize the unique equilibrium of a competitive continuous time game between a resource-constrained informed player and a sequence of rivals who partially observe his action intensity. Our game adds noisy monitoring and impatient players to Aumann and Maschler (1966), and also subsumes insider trading models. The intensity bound induces a novel strategic bias and serial mean reversion by uninformed players. We compute the duration of the informed player's informational edge. The uninformed player's value of information is concave if the intensity bound is large enough. Costly obfuscation by the informed player optimally rises in the public deception. (JEL D82, D83, G14)
When Do Secondary Markets Harm Firms?
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Esteban Susanna , Shum Matthew
Published: December 2013

To investigate whether secondary markets aid or harm durable goods manufacturers, we build a dynamic model of durable goods oligopoly with transaction costs in the secondary market. Calibrating model parameters using data from the US automobile industry, we find the net effect of opening the secondary market is to decrease new car manufacturers' profits by 35 percent. Counterfactual scenarios in which the size of the used good stock decreases, such as when products become less durable, when the number of firms decreases, or when firms can commit to future production levels, increase the profitability of opening the secondary market. (JEL L13, L25, L62, L81)
Taxes, Cigarette Consumption, and Smoking Intensity: Reply
Authors: Adda Jérôme , Cornaglia Francesca
Published: December 2013

This paper shows that smoking intensity, i.e. the amount of nicotine extracted per cigarette smoked, responds to changes in excise taxes and tobacco prices. We exploit NHANES data covering the period 1988 to 2006 across many US states. Moreover, using panel data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, we provide new evidence on the importance of cotinine measures in explaining long-run smoking behavior. We show the importance of smoking intensity as a long-run determinant of smoking cessation. We also investigate the sensitivity of smoking cessation to changes in excise taxes and their interaction with smoking intensity. (JEL H25, H32, I12, L11, L66)
Rensch's rule is not verified in melanopline grasshoppers (Acrididae)
Authors: Bidau Claudio J. , Marti Dardo A. , Castillo Elio R.
Published: December 2013

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is almost universal in animals. Rensch’s rule proposes that SSD increases with increasing average body size in taxa where males are larger than females (male- biased SSD; MBSSD) and decreases when females are larger (female-biased SSD; FBSSD). Although it was proposed that both patterns are part of the same evolutionary trend, there is more evidence for Rensch’s rule in the first case. We analysed SSD in the acridid subfamily Melanoplinae in a sample of 718 species and subspecies covering all tribes and representative genera. As in all Orthopera, SSD is female/biased. Body length was used as a proxy for body size. Mean body size within the subfamily varied between 9 and 34.5 mm in males (N= 812) and 12.75 and 44.0 mm in females (N= 735). Except for five species (0.7%) all taxa (from subfamily to subspecies) showed moderate to strong FBSSD (mean= 1.27). The lowest SSD was observed in Melanoplus chumasch (SSD= 1.01), and the highest in Phaedrotettix aptera coquinae (SSD= 1.83). To test Rensch’s rule we performed reduced major axis (RMA) regressions between log10 (male body length) and log10 (female body length). In no case RMA slopes were significantly higher than 1.0 which would signal Rensch’s rule. Thus, Melanoplinae represents a new case of FBSSD where Rensch’s rule is not verified. The proximate causes of FBSSD and the non-occurrence of Rensch’s rule in the Orthoptera are discussed as well as the relationship between SSD patterns at the intra- and supraspecific levels.
System and Individual Outcomes and Their Predictors in Services and Support for People with IDD
Authors: Tichá Renáta , Hewitt Amy , Nord Derek , Larson Sherri
Published: December 2013

The growth and advancement of community-based services for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have resulted in vast changes in the long-term services and support landscape as well as in expected outcomes of service systems for service recipients. Investments in IDD research have been made to provide a deeper understanding of these outcomes and to explain them. This article summarizes outcomes and their predictors through systems and individual lenses by examining the research and findings of the Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities' Data Projects of National Significance that address residential services, employment services, costs of services, and individual outcomes. The article also discusses challenges and debates associated with outcome-related research and poses future research questions.
The State of the Science of Health and Wellness for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Anderson Lynda Lahti , Humphries Kathy , McDermott Suzanne , Marks Beth , Sisirak Jasmina , Larson Sheryl
Published: December 2013

Historically, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have experienced health disparities related to several factors including: a lack of access to high quality medical care, inadequate preparation of health care providers to meet their needs, the social determinants of health (e.g., poverty, race and gender), and the failure to include people with IDD in public health efforts and other prevention activities. Over the past decade, a greater effort has been made to both identify and begin to address myriad health disparities experienced by people with IDD through a variety of activities including programs that address health lifestyles and greater attention to the training of health care providers. Gaps in the literature include the lack of intervention trials, replications of successful approaches, and data that allow for better comparisons between people with IDD and without IDD living in the same communities. Implications for future research needed to reduce health disparities for people with IDD include: better monitoring and treatment for chronic conditions common in the general population that are also experienced by people with IDD, an enhanced understanding of how to promote health among those in the IDD population who are aging, addressing the health needs of people with IDD who are not part of the disability service system, developing a better understanding of how to include people with IDD in health and wellness programs, and improving methods for addressing the health care needs of members of this group in an efficient and cost-effective manner, either through better access to general medical care or specialized programs.
Using Research Evidence to Inform Public Policy Decisions
Authors: Moseley Charles , Kleinert Harold , Sheppard-Jones Kathleen , Hall Stephen
Published: December 2013

The application of scientific data in the development and implementation of sound public policy is a well-established practice, but there appears to be less consensus on the nature of the strategies that can and should be used to incorporate research data into policy decisions. This paper describes the promise and the challenges of using research evidence to inform public policy. Most specifically, we demonstrate how the application of a large-scale data set, the National Core Indicators (NCI), can be systematically used to drive state-level policy decisions, and we describe a case example of one state's application of NCI data to make significant changes to its Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities waiver. The need for continued research in this area is highlighted.
Book review: A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Qualitative Research (Silverman, 2013)
Authors: Clark Wayne
Published: December 2013

Book review: A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Qualitative Research (Silverman, 2013)
Using the student voice to enhance the teaching of undergraduate courses with high failure rates
Authors: Blair Erik
Published: December 2013

Whilst it is likely that some students will fail a course, it is important for universities to determine whether such failure is a personal outcome or whether there are aspects of the course that could be more conducive to student learning. In adopting a student-centred approach, this research analysed data drawn from student evaluation questionnaires (SEQs) in order to establish how students thought the teaching of undergraduate courses with high failure rates could be improved. Many higher education institutions use SEQs as tools for gathering data on the teaching and learning experience, but the emphasis here is on how such data can be used. Content analysis was used to map the SEQs of students enrolled on 19 courses with high failure rates against a baseline developed from the SEQs of students enrolled on 19 courses with low failure rates. This paper examines these responses and makes five recommendations specifically aimed at improving undergraduate courses with high failure rates.
Editorial
Authors: Maunder Rachel , Sneddon Simon , Turner Scott , Crouch Anna
Published: December 2013

Editorial for this issue
Unfertige Dialoge – Das Berliner Förderprogramm Digitalisierung
Authors: Müller Anja , Rusch Beate , Amrhein Kilian , Klindt Marco
Published: December 2013

Das Förderprogramm Digitalisierung des Landes Berlin fördert Digitalisierungsprojekte in Berliner Kulturerbeeinrichtungen und hat parallel dazu die Servicestelle Digitalisierung (digiS) als zentrale Beratungs- und Koordinierungsstelle eingerichtet. Ziel ist dabei, eine technische und organisatorische Infrastruktur für die Projekte sowie zur Sicherung der Langzeitverfügbarkeit digitalen Kulturguts vorzuhalten. Der Artikel beschreibt das Förderprogramm, das Aufgabenspektrum von digiS und die Herausforderungen, die sich für Kulturerbeinstitutionen ergeben, wenn sie sich auf den offenen Dialog mit ihren Nutzern einlassen und ihre Objekte digital langzeitverfügbar halten wollen.
Koordinierungsstelle Brandenburg-digital
Authors: Preuß Ulf
Published: December 2013

Ende 2012 wurde an der Fachhochschule Potsdam die Koordinierungsstelle Brandenburg-digital eingerichtet. Sie wird durch das Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur des Landes Brandenburg gefördert. Ihre Hauptaufgabe besteht darin, brandenburgische Digitalisierungsprojekte beratend zu unterstützen. Ein Arbeitskreis Brandenburg.digital, mit Vertretern aller Kultursparten, bildet die Basis eines Kooperations- und Kompetenznetzwerks für die Vermittlung von Kultureinrichtungen an regionale Kooperationspartner. Neben der regionalen Verankerung bestehen kooperative Verbindungen zu Einrichtungen in anderen Bundesländern und zum Netzwerk der Deutschen Digitalen Bibliothek.
Das Projekt Blended Library an der Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen – ein Statusbericht
Authors: Bogorin Alexandru , Parditka Gabriella , Rempis Peter
Published: December 2013

Der Beitrag berichtet vom aktuellen Stand des Projektes „Blended Library“ an der Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen. Im Zentrum des Projektes steht die Untersuchung der Eignung interaktiver Multitouch-Tische zur Gestaltung des Lern-, Arbeits- und Kommunikationsortes Bibliothek. Erfahrungen aus der Unterstützung der Lehre stehen im Bericht im Vordergrund. Vor- und Nachteile der interaktiven Tische werden auf der Grundlage einiger Beispiele angesprochen.
Comparison tests for the asymptotic behaviour of higher-order dynamic equations of neutral type
Authors: Karpuz Başak
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we study oscillation and asymptotic behaviour of
higher-order neutral delay dynamic equations,
and establish comparison with first-order delay dynamic equations.
We also present some examples to show applicability
and significance of the new results.
The Irrationality of Categorical Perception
Authors: Fleming Stephen M. , Maloney Laurence T. , Daw Nathaniel D.
Published: December 2013

Perception is often categorical: the perceptual system selects one interpretation of a stimulus even when evidence in favor of other interpretations is appreciable. Such categorization is potentially in conflict with normative decision theory, which mandates that the utility of various courses of action should depend on the probabilities of all possible states of the world, not just that of the one perceived. If these probabilities are lost as a result of categorization, choice will be suboptimal. Here we test for such irrationality in a task that requires human observers to combine perceptual evidence with the uncertain consequences of action. Observers made rapid pointing movements to targets on a touch screen, with rewards determined by perceptual and motor uncertainty. Across both visual and auditory decision tasks, observers consistently placed too much weight on perceptual uncertainty relative to action uncertainty. We show that this suboptimality can be explained as a consequence of categorical perception. Our findings indicate that normative decision making may be fundamentally constrained by the architecture of the perceptual system.