bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Poromechanical Framework for Internal Interactions Induced by Solid Inclusions
Authors: Yang Yifan , Buscarnera Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

The framework of poromechanics is generalized to simulate the multiscale behavior of porous media subjected to internal loadings stemming from the growth of solid inclusions. This generalization is designed to enable the study of anisotropic internal stress generation from solid growth within the pores, while recovering isotropic fluid‐induced loading as a particular case. For this purpose, a mathematical strategy to define constitutive tensors in a thermodynamically consistent form is proposed, thus offering new opportunities for determining the poromechanical properties of a porous solid through advanced experimentation or micromechanical models. The framework is specialized by means of established elastic solutions for single pore–matrix interaction, as well as through homogenization schemes considering the interaction among congruent pores. In particular, the second Eshelby solution and the Tanaka–Mori–Benveniste homogenization scheme are used to derive a microporoelastic model. At an elemental scale, the model is tested under mixed control conditions by replicating different scenarios of geomaterial testing. In addition, the model characteristics are outlined with reference to inelastic microscopic loadings replicating chemo‐mechanical forcing, such as expansive crystal formation. Through a series of parametric analyses, it is shown that the microstructure of the pores significantly influences the properties of porous media. Most notably, it is shown that the effects of a solid forming within the pores depend in a highly nonlinear fashion on the constitutive characteristics of the inhomogeneities and can therefore not be readily quantified or predicted without models capturing the diverse multiscale interactions among pores, inhomogeneities, and matrix.
Extracorporeal photopheresis induces the release of anti-inflammatory fatty acids and oxylipins and suppresses pro-inflammatory sphingosine-1-phosphate
Authors: Hagn Gerhard , Cho Ara , Zila Nina , Sterniczky Barbara , Jantschitsch Christian , Dong Dexin , Bileck Andrea , Koren Mariia , Paulitschke Philipp , Mohr Thomas , Knobler Robert , Weninger Wolfgang Peter , Gerner Christopher , Paulitschke Verena
Published: February 2025

Aims

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a UVA-based phototherapy of whole blood and well established as a first line or combination therapy for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, systemic sclerosis, graft-versus-host disease and is used to control organ transplant rejection. While the proapoptotic activity on activated T-cells is evident, the clinical efficacy of this treatment also appears to be based on other yet unknown mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to identify novel mechanisms of ECP regardless of the patient’s background situation.

Main methods

To better understand the immediate consequences of ECP, we analyzed blood plasma of patients with different ECP indications immediately before and after treatment with regard to proteins and lipid mediators.

Key findings

While proteome profiling identified substantial inter-individual differences in the protein composition, no significant alteration was detectable upon treatment. In contrast, several fatty acids and lipid mediators were found to be significantly altered by ECP. Remarkably, upregulated lipid mediators including polyunsaturated fatty acids, 12-HEPE and 13-OxoODE have been described to be anti-inflammatory, while the downregulated molecules sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and stearic acid are potent pro-inflammatory mediators. A selective sphingosine-1-phosphate-1 receptor (S1P1) modulator AUY954, which decreases S1P1 and experimentally reduces transplant rejection in vivo, showed greater anti-proliferative activity in human lung fibroblasts from COPD patients compared to normal lung fibroblasts, confirming that this pathway may be important in ECP and its mode of action.

Significance and outlook

In conclusion, we suggest that the ECP-induced changes in lipid mediators may contribute to the remarkable anti-inflammatory effects of the treatment. Depending on their lipid status, patients may benefit from novel treatment regimens combining ECP with lipid modulators. This could be used for the prevention of transplant organ rejection, the treatment of acute or chronic GvHD or transplant organ rejection and the long-term treatment of various skin diseases. This study uncovers novel mechanisms of ECP, that can be used to establish clinically relevant lipid profiles of patients to support patient stratification, predictive or prognostic purposes and thus personalized medical care in the framework of PPPM practice. A combination with S1P modulators may therefore have beneficial effects.
The Establishment of a Terrestrial Macroalga Canopy Impacts Microbial Soil Communities in Antarctica
Authors: Márquez-Sanz Rodrigo , Garrido-Benavent Isaac , Durán Jorge , de los Ríos Asunción
Published: February 2025

Prasiola is a genus of foliose green algae that forms extensive cryptogamic canopies that contribute to the greening of ice-free areas in the Antarctic tundra. To better understand the impact of Prasiola canopy establishment on colonization in these areas, this study compared the taxonomic and functional structures of bacterial and fungal communities in adjacent soils with and without extensive Prasiola colonization. DNA metabarcoding was employed to analyze the microbial community structure in these soils and in the canopy. Additionally, a phylogenetic study of Prasiola samples was conducted to characterize the taxonomic composition of the analyzed canopies, revealing the presence of Prasiola crispa (Lightfoot) Kützing and P. antarctica Kützing. Key soil attributes were assessed to examine the canopy’s influence. Higher pH and carbon, nitrogen, and organic matter contents were found in Prasiola-covered soils than in bare soils. Furthermore, Prasiola canopy establishment not only influenced abiotic soil properties but also shaped soil microbial community structure and its functions. For instance, while Actinobacteriota predominated in bacterial communities both within the Prasiola canopy and beneath it, Bacteroidota dominated in the bare soil. Despite significant variability across soil types, fungal communities showed a trend of higher abundances in certain Ascomycetes, such as Helotiales, Hypocreales, or Xylariales, in soils beneath Prasiola compared to bare soils. Regarding functional diversity, covered soils exhibited a statistically significant lower potential for bacterial methanogenesis and autotrophic CO2 fixation compared to bare soils. Finally, lichenized fungi, plant pathogens, and fungal wood saprotrophs tended to be more abundant in covered soils.
Global research trends on fibromyalgia and exercise: a ten-year Web of Science-based bibliometric analysis
Authors: Sumbul Hilmi Erdem , Okyay Ramazan Azim , Bekaryssova Dana , Kocyigit Burhan Fatih
Published: February 2025

Fibromyalgia causes widespread pain, exhaustion, and cognitive deficits, lowering sufferers’ quality of life. Exercise supports the management of fibromyalgia by reducing pain and improving mood. This study examines global fibromyalgia and exercise research trends using bibliometric analysis to identify major contributors, citation patterns, and prospective research areas. Data were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database utilizing the keywords “fibromyalgia exercise” for publications from 2014 to 2023. The inclusion criteria prioritized original articles and reviews published in the English language. Bibliometric characteristics were examined, including publication year, country, journal, and citation metrics. Statistics adjusted for population and gross domestic product (GDP) were computed to evaluate research productivity in relation to economic and demographic variables. A total of 497 publications satisfied the inclusion criteria. A significant increase trend in publication counts was noted (p = 0.003), with Spain (25.75%), the United States (15.09%), Brazil (13.88%), Türkiye (7.24%), and Sweden (5.23%) identified as the major contributors. Publications were produced by 37 countries, 19 of which were the main active countries. Spain displayed remarkable productivity, ranking first in population- and GDP-adjusted contributions. Based on publication type, 388 (78.06%) were original articles, and the rest were reviews. The median number of original article and review citations were 11 (min = 0; max = 289) and 14 (min = 0; max = 1092). Review citations outnumbered original articles (p = 0.013). The median number of citations for SCIE and/or SSCI and ESCI articles were 12 (min = 0; max = 1092) and 3 (min = 0; max = 92). SCIE and/or SSCI articles were significantly more cited than ESCI ones (p < 0.001). INT J ENV RES PUB HE (n = 18), RHEUMATOL INT (n = 17), ARCH PHYS MED REHAB (n = 15), J CLIN MED (n = 14) and DISABIL REHABIL (n = 13) were the top five journals in terms of article count. This bibliometric analysis evaluates and summarizes global scholarly output on fibromyalgia and exercise, underscoring the increasing research interest in the two. High-income countries, notably Spain, the United States, and Sweden, significantly contributed to the area, underscoring differences in research capacities.
Flupyradifurone, imidacloprid and clothianidin disrupt the auditory processing in the locust CNS
Authors: Christian Marcelo , Kraft Michelle , Wilknitz Paul , Nowotny Manuela , Schöneich Stefan
Published: February 2025

Since the EU banned classic neonicotinoids like imidacloprid and clothianidin, they may be replaced by more recently marketed insecticides such as flupyradifurone. However, they all operate on the same neuropharmacological principle as selective agonists at the insect’s nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Here we investigated the impact of flupyradifurone, imidacloprid and clothianidin on the neuronal processing in the auditory pathway of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. While stepwise increasing the insecticide concentration in the haemolymph, we extracellularly recorded the spike responses of auditory afferents in the tympanal nerve and of auditory interneurons in the neck connectives. All three insecticides showed a very similar dose-dependent suppression of spike responses in the auditory interneurons ascending towards the brain, whereas the spike responses in the sensory neurons of the ears appeared unaffected. Furthermore, by systematic injection experiments we demonstrate that insecticide dosages which already supress the information transfer in the auditory pathway are by far too low to induce the typical poisoning symptoms like trembling, spasms, and paralysis. We discuss how sublethal intoxication with classical neonicotinoids or functionally related insecticides like flupyradifurone may disrupt the postsynaptic balance between excitation and inhibition in the auditory pathway of locusts and other orthopteran insects.
Optimizing Ulva-Phaeobacter co-culture: A two-phase light intensity approach for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture applications
Authors: Del Olmo Gonzalo , Ruiz Patricia , Nappi Jadranka , Thomas Torsten , Egan Suhelen , Cremades Javier , Pintado José
Published: February 2025

Incorporating macroalgae like Ulva species into integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) enhances sustainability by filtering effluents and provide epiphytic bacteria, that can contribute to disease prevention. Colonizing Ulva ohnoi with Phaeobacter sp. 4UAC3 is promising for disease control in IMTA systems, but high light intensity impacts Phaeobacter’s persistence on Ulva. This study investigated the effect of different light intensities and regimes on the ability of Phaeobacter sp. 4UAC3·to colonize U. ohnoi. Experiments assessed algal growth, water physicochemistry, and microbial profiles using culture techniques and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Light intensities of 143, 75, 45, and 0 μmol photons m−2 s−1 were tested on U. ohnoi and non-living surfaces inoculated with Phaeobacter sp. 4UAC3. Results showed that Phaeobacter sp. 4UAC3 colonization on U. ohnoi decreased in the light but remained stable in the dark. On non-living surfaces, Phaeobacter persisted regardless of light intensity, suggesting light does not directly affect the bacterium. However, light had an impact on microbial community structure on U. ohnoi, with genera including Glaciecola, Maribacter and Roseobacter significantly enriched under higher light conditions. This suggests the disappearance of Phaeobacter sp. 4UAC3 is in part a result of competition with specific bacteria. Additionally, the chemical microenvironment of the algae influenced by light could be important in Phaeobacter disappearance, although further research is required. Finally, optimal co-culture involved alternating dark and low-light (45 μmol photons·m−2 s−1) phases, enhancing Phaeobacter sp. 4UAC3 maintenance and optimal algal growth. This knowledge will optimize a fish-algae IMTA-RAS using Ulva colonized with Phaeobacter.
Innovative density measurement techniques for vacuum residues of crude oil and their fractions using toluene dilution
Authors: León Adan Y. , Sandoval-Amador Anderson , Peña-Ballesteros Darío Y. , Molina Daniel R. , Corredor Oscar
Published: February 2025

The growing availability of vacuum residues has provoked the development of studies that may improve refining processes to increase capacity conversion. Therefore, conducting a detailed analysis on the trend of the physicochemical properties of representative fractions is necessary. In this work, a set of vacuum residues were fractionated using n-hexane as a supercritical fluid and the molecular distillation process. The results show that the increase in density, micro-carbon content and molecular weight in the extractable fractions is associated with their SARA compositional. As a result, density determination for these extractable fractions by standard methodologies, such as ASTM D70, has shown limitations for samples with densities higher than 1.0879 g/ml. To measure the density of vacuum residues and their fractions, a density dilution methodology was conducted, using toluene as a solvent. In this study, 87 fractions obtained from different vacuum residues and processed with n-hexane and molecular distillation were selected. The proposed dilution methodology allows measuring densities with repeatability and reproducibility values of 0.0031 and 0.0061 g/g/ml, respectively. The average boiling point (Tb50) of vacuum residues and their fractions was correlated with density and molecular weight, to estimate their quality. The correlations of density and average boiling point properties Tb50 exhibited R2 correlation coefficients of 0.9949 and 0.9908 with P values less than 0.0031. The values of these statistical parameters show that the developed correlations have a confidence level of 95%.
Circadian Disruption and the Risk of Developing Obesity
Authors: Duez Hélène , Staels Bart
Published: February 2025

Purpose of the Review

This review summarizes recent evidence for a role of the clock in adipose tissue physiology and the impact of circadian desynchrony on the development of obesity.

Recent Findings

Circadian disruptions due to shift work, late time eating and nighttime light exposure are associated with obesity and its metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. Studies in mice harboring tissue-specific gain/loss of function mutations in clock genes revealed that the circadian clock acts on multiple pathways to control adipogenesis, lipogenesis/lipolysis and thermogenesis. Time-restricted eating (TRE), aligning feeding with the active period to restore clock function, represents a promising strategy to curb obesity.

While TRE has shown clear benefits, especially in participants at higher cardiometabolic risk, current studies are limited in size and duration. Larger, well-controlled studies are warranted to conclusively assess the effects of TRE in relation to the metabolic status and gender. Field studies in shift-workers, comparing permanent night shift versus rotating shifts, are also necessary to identify the optimal time window for TRE.
Focal acute cholecystitis misdiagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: D’Alessandro G. L. , Ancona G. , Dellafiore C. , Raimondi A. , Gangemi D. , Arpa G. , Poma G. , Above E.
Published: February 2025

Thickening of the gallbladder wall is often associated with acute or chronic cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis and gallbladder carcinoma or seen in the context of liver and systemic diseases (acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, sepsis). Here we present a case of a 61 y.o. man with focal thickening of the gallbladder wall, in whom all imaging techniques were inconclusive. Pathological examination of the resected gallbladder revealed acute-on-chronic cholecystitis. We describe focal acute cholecystitis in absence of the classic clinical and imaging findings (Murphy’s sign, fever, gallstones, hydrops, pericholecystic fluid) and mimicking a gallbladder carcinoma.
A comprehensive review of hempcrete as a sustainable building material
Authors: Steyn Kari , de Villiers Wibke , Babafemi Adewumi John
Published: February 2025

Due to the substantial contribution of the construction industry to greenhouse gas emissions, there exists a pressing need for the development and adoption of sustainable alternatives. In this context, hempcrete has emerged as a promising alternative in the pursuit of sustainable construction practices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing research landscape surrounding hempcrete as a sustainable building material. The review explores the primary materials utilised in hempcrete, followed by an analysis of the opportunities and limitations associated with the material. Furthermore, the paper investigates diverse construction techniques and practical applications, binders, mix designs, as well as the properties of hempcrete spanning from fresh-state characteristics to the mechanical, durability, thermal, and acoustic properties of the material. Moreover, the environmental sustainability as well as the cost of hempcrete construction are investigated. Upon analysis of the research presented in this review paper, it becomes apparent that hempcrete demonstrates noteworthy potential as a sustainable solution in the construction sector, emphasising its role in reducing the environmental impacts brought about by the construction industry. This review paper presents the findings of the current research landscape of hempcrete and provides insights for future research endeavours aimed at optimising the performance of hempcrete.
“I Am Dyspraxic”: Self-Concept and Wellbeing in Adults with Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Rathbone Clare Josephine , Wilmut Kate
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Self-concept is underresearched in adults with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), as is the role of diagnosis. Self-concept is linked to wellbeing, which has been shown in previous research to be reduced in DCD. This research aimed to examine the relationships between diagnosis, self-concept, and wellbeing and to explore for the first time the autobiographical memories that underpin self-concept in DCD.

Methods

Across two novel studies, we examined how adults with DCD define their identities and how this relates to their wellbeing, their memories, and the presence of a diagnosis. Both diagnosed (dDCD) and self-identified (sDCD) adults with DCD and without DCD were recruited (Study 1: dDCD N = 97, sDCD N = 48, non-DCD N = 49; Study 2: dDCD N = 104, sDCD N = 32). An online questionnaire asked participants to describe and rate their identity using ‘I am’ statements and (in Study 2) associated memories. Participants also completed scales of wellbeing and, for Study 2, a scale of motor ability.

Results

We found no significant differences between dDCD and sDCD groups—both had lower wellbeing scores than the non-DCD group and rated their DCD-related self-concepts and memories as negatively valenced (compared to non-DCD-related aspects of their identity). In both studies, self-concept valence was a significant predictor of well-being scores.

Conclusions

These finding suggests that self-concept in DCD is a priority area for future research and may be an important target for intervention. Furthermore, these data suggest that an early diagnosis of DCD may not be a protective factor.
Electrochemical Sensing of Quinoline and Pyridine Utilizing Reusable Graphene-Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework Hybrids on Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Mokgohloa Mathule C. , Gordon Allen T. , Ogunlaja Adeniyi S.
Published: February 2025

The incorporation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) on carbon-based materials and their use as sensors for electrochemical sensing has attracted great interest. In this work, a zirconium-based functional metal–organic framework (MOF), (Zr-MOF) was deposited unto graphene aerosol (GA) and amine functionalized graphene oxide (GO) to form Zr-MOF-GA and Zr-MOF-GO hybrids, respectively, and used as electrode materials for the determination of pyridine and quinoline in model fuel. Owing to the large effective surface area of GCE compared to Zr-MOF-GA and Zr-MOF-GO, LOD values of 0.00016 wt% and 0.00032 wt% were obtained for pyridine and quinoline, respectively compared to surface areas obtained for modified electrodes Zr-MOF-GA/GCE (0.00145 wt% (pyridine) and 0.0044 wt% (quinoline)) and Zr-MOF-GO/GCE (0.00140 wt% (pyridine) and 0.00207 wt% (quinoline)). Zr-MOF-GO/GCE presented better reusability with linear range from 0.0001 to 0.0083 wt% with a sensitivity of 1.43 × 10− 4 µA wt%−1 cm− 2 (pyridine) and 8.57 × 10− 5 µA wt%−1 cm− 2 (quinoline). The electrode (Zr-MOF-GA and Zr-MOF-GO) also presented anti-interference to other nitrogen containing compounds and could be reused five times with a ~ 5–18% decrease of sensing signal (pyridine and quinoline). The sensor design shows promise in the development of basic nitrogen-containing compounds electrochemical sensors.
Can Official Messaging on Trust in Elections Break Through Partisan Polarization?
Authors: Gaudette Jennifer , Hill Seth J. , Kousser Thad , Lockhart Mackenzie , Romero Mindy
Published: February 2025

Partisan actors in the US have recently politicized trust in elections. In combination with partisan polarization, politicized election administration could undermine the peaceful transfer of power following elections. Can messaging about trust in elections break through partisan polarization? Partnering with election officials from Los Angeles County, Colorado, Georgia, and Texas, we conducted messaging experiments with nearly 8,500 Americans following the 2022 US midterm elections. We find that state and local election officials can be strongly effective at increasing trust in their own state elections. Our estimate suggests that one 30-second official message increases trust in elections by about one-fifth of the pre-treatment difference between Democrats and Republicans. Additionally, videos explaining protections on election integrity in Arizona and Virginia increase trust in elections outside the respondents’ own states. Our results suggest that election officials can break through partisan politics and play an important role in rebuilding trust in the democratic process.
The effects of digital peer support interventions on physical and mental health: a review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yeo G. , Fortuna K. L. , Lansford J. E. , Rudolph K. D.
Published: February 2025

Aims

Digital peer support interventions have the potential to promote healthy lifestyles and better mental health. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes evidence on the effectiveness of digital peer support interventions for enhancing physical and mental health in healthy individuals rather than those diagnosed with a clinical condition.

Methods

First, we evaluated the impact of digital peer support interventions on physical and mental health outcomes by attending to sources of peer support (informal, naturally occurring peer support; formal support from trained peers), effectiveness demonstrated through different study designs (pre–post comparison vs. well-controlled experimental conditions) and long-term effects of interventions. Second, we examined whether features of digital peer support interventions – specifically, dosage, uptake and platform affordances – moderated intervention effectiveness. Third, we considered moderating effects of individual differences (age and existing health conditions) and country.

Results

Using random-effects modelling, which included 47 studies with 76 effect sizes on physical health, and 73 studies with 118 effect sizes on mental health, we found a moderate effect of digital peer support in improving physical health (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.35, p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.30–0.41) and a large effect in enhancing mental health (standardized mean difference(SMD) = 0.53, p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.46–0.61), which were similar across ages and individuals with varying degree of existing health conditions. Different sources of peer support demonstrated similar effects on physical health, but informal, naturally occurring peer support was more effective in bolstering mental health than formal support from trained peers, producing large effects that were comparable to online professional support. Positive effects on physical health were sustained over follow-up assessments, but weakened for mental health over time. Greater dosages of intervention had decreased effectiveness, but uptake of intervention did not moderate the effects on health. Interventions delivered on platforms that afford greater interactivity (apps, social networking sites and video conferencing) were more effective than those with lower interactivity (forums, websites and emails). Digital peer support interventions had stronger effects on improving physical health in Western countries than Eastern countries, but stronger effects on improving mental health in Eastern than Western countries.

Conclusions

Our findings contribute to the nascent conceptual models of digital peer support, lend credence to digital peer support as a scalable preventive intervention with real-world benefits in bolstering individuals’ physical and mental health and provide important insights into best practices.
Entangled Competition: Globalization, Imperial Domination, and Local Development in the Port Cities of Riga and Odesa
Authors: Wezel Katja , Belge Boris
Published: February 2025

Riga and Odesa (Odessa) rank among the Russian empire's foremost nineteenth-century ports. These port cities, respectively located on the Baltic and Black Seas, enabled imperial Russia to trade huge amounts of goods, boosting its burgeoning economy in the second half of the nineteenth century. We argue that, despite the distance separating the two cities, it is only in relation to each other that their full significance emerges. This article explores the histories of Riga and Odesa, examining their situations within the Russian empire's economic geography and taking a closer look at the interrelationships between the two ports. In our view, this history is more than a narrative of competition for the premier position among the ports of the Russian empire; it is also a tale of local initiatives, engagement with the imperial center, lobbying for imperial financial support, relationships of economic interdependence, and an example of the crucial role that ports at the supposed periphery of an empire played in a globalized economy.
Archive of the Contemporary: Ukrainian Poetry and Digital Solidarity on Facebook
Authors: Glaser Amelia M. , Lee Paige S.
Published: February 2025

Since the 2014 Revolution of Dignity, contemporary Ukrainian poets have increasingly used Facebook as a forum for sharing their work. Unlike poets in the United States, where copyright law discourages writers from self-publishing their work, including on social media, Ukrainian poets use Facebook not only to share work in progress, but also to comment and even translate one another's poems. We argue that by using the “distant reading” method of applying statistical tools to a large archive of contemporary poetry, scholars become better close readers. Having created an archive of a large sample of recent Ukrainian poetry posted to Facebook, our article models data-driven tools that help scholars to understand how poetry, written and shared to social media in a time of war, has changed between 2014 and 2022. This novel use of Facebook as a literary tool clearly shows how poetic language changes in a time of war. It also points to ways that the large community of readers on social media has influenced what poets write.
Local Time Variations of Quiet Time Meridional Winds During Solar Minimum Solstices Based on ICON Observations and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Yu Tingting , Cai Xuguang , Ren Zhipeng , Liu Huixin , Qiu Liuhui , Ma Han , Li Shaoyang , Wu Kun
Published: February 2025

ICON observations were used to investigate local time (LT) and latitudinal variations of thermospheric meridional winds in the middle‐high thermosphere (160–300 km) during quiet times in 2020 June and December. At middle‐low latitudes (10°S–40°N), meridional winds were predominantly equatorward in the summer hemisphere while mostly poleward in the winter hemisphere. The meridional winds showed that the diurnal variation was dominant between ∼20°N and ∼40°N, but the semi‐diurnal variation played a leading role at lower latitudes (below ∼20°N) during solstice months. Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model reproduced the ICON observed meridional wind variations qualitatively. A model diagnostic analysis shows that the pressure gradient force dominated the semi‐diurnal variation of the winds, while the Coriolis force played a leading role in the diurnal variation in June. In December, LT variations of meridional winds were primarily driven by pressure gradient and ion drag forces. During both months, the vertical viscosity was important, tending to balance the effects of pressure gradients. Additionally, semi‐diurnal variations of low‐latitude meridional winds in June were more affected by upward propagating tides than those in December.
The Widely Increasing Sensitivity of Vegetation Productivity to Phenology in Northern Middle and High Latitudes
Authors: Wang Longjun , Li Peng , Peng Ying , Ren Peixin , Chen Yuzhu , Zhou Xiaolu , Yang Zicheng , Zou Ziying , Peng Changhui
Published: February 2025

Although vegetation phenology generally alters productivity, spatiotemporal variations in this effect and its potential drivers remain unclear. We used satellite‐based vegetation phenology and gross primary productivity (GPP) data sets to analyze trends in the sensitivity of spring GPP to spring phenology (spring SGP) and autumn GPP to autumn phenology (autumn SGP). We also explored potential drivers across the northern middle and high latitudes (>30°N) from 2001 to 2019. Our analysis revealed significant increases in spring and autumn SGP (P < 0.05), with pronounced increases in boreal forests and tundra biomes. In contrast, spring SGP significantly declined in deserts and xeric shrublands (P < 0.05). Spring temperatures and leaf area index (LAI) were key factors influencing spring SGP, while autumn LAI and downward surface solar radiation drove the variation in autumn SGP. Our findings highlight the critical role of phenology‐productivity interactions in achieving carbon goals and the need for future research on climate feedback mechanisms.
Activin E is a new guardian protecting against hepatic steatosis via inhibiting lipolysis in white adipose tissue
Authors: Park Shi-Young , Cho Yoonil , Son Sae-Mi , Hur Jang Ho , Kim Yeongmin , Oh Hyunhee , Lee Hui-Young , Jung Sungwon , Park Sanghee , Kim Il-Young , Lee Se-Jin , Choi Cheol Soo
Published: February 2025

Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in the development of steatosis and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The ER in the liver can sustain metabolic function by activating defense mechanisms that delay or prevent the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the precise mechanisms by which the ER stress response protects against NAFLD remain largely unknown. Recently, activin E has been linked to metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and NAFLD. However, the physiological conditions and regulatory mechanisms driving hepatic Inhbe expression (which encodes activin E) as well as the metabolic role of activin E in NAFLD require further investigation. Here we found that hepatic Inhbe expression increased under prolonged fasting and ER stress conditions, which was mediated by ATF4, as determined by promoter analysis in a mouse model. Consistently, a positive correlation between INHBE and ATF4 expression levels in relation to NAFLD status was confirmed using public human NAFLD datasets. To investigate the role of activin E in hepatic steatosis, we assessed the fluxes of the lipid metabolism in an Inhbe-knockout mouse model. These mice displayed a lean phenotype but developed severe hepatic steatosis under a high-fat diet. The deficiency of Inhbe resulted in increased lipolysis in adipose tissue, leading to increased fatty acid influx into the liver. Conversely, hepatic overexpression of Inhbe ameliorated hepatic steatosis by suppressing lipolysis in adipose tissue through ALK7–Smad signaling. In conclusion, activin E serves as a regulatory hepatokine that prevents fatty acid influx into the liver, thereby protecting against NAFLD.
Patient safety in eye care: a multi-method analysis of reported incidents involving implementation of care and clinical assessment in England and Wales
Authors: Acton Jennifer H. , McFadzean Joy , Lau Chun Yun , Foo Jih Wenn , Carson-Stevens Andrew
Published: February 2025

Background/objectives

Patient safety is a global health priority, yet there is limited research into how ophthalmology is responding to this. There is evidence that a review of patient harm related to eye care and the associated patient safety incidents is needed. We aimed to characterise patient safety incidents involving eye care by: identifying the most frequently reported incidents involving clinical care; and characterising the nature of incidents leading to severe vision loss.

Methods

The data comprised patient safety incidents reported between 2018 and 2022 to the National Reporting and Learning System and the NHS England Learn from Patient Safety Events system. Reports were searched for eye-related terms (ICD-11) and those reports relating to implementation of care and clinical assessment were included. A descriptive analysis was undertaken to characterise the most frequent incident types and their contributory factors, followed by a thematic analysis of incidents relating to severe vision loss.

Results

Of the 836 reports identified, insufficient care (n = 416) and delayed diagnosis (n = 234) featured most. Patient harm occurred related to vision loss (n = 449), delays in treatment (n = 182), and disease progression (n = 121). Among 220 reports that resulted in severe vision loss, patients with Glaucoma and Age-related Macular Degeneration were impacted by delays in monitoring and management, loss to follow-up, disease progression due to insufficient care and system failures.

Conclusions

In this characterisation of eye-related incident reports in a national population, potential areas of interest toward safer eye care include addressing delays in patients receiving care and insufficient care such as inconsistent monitoring in glaucoma.
Characterising the asynchronous resurgence of common respiratory viruses following the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhao Chenkai , Zhang Tiantian , Guo Ling , Sun Shiqi , Miao Yumeng , Yung Chee Fu , Tomlinson Jane , Stolyarov Kirill , Shchomak Zakhar , Poovorawan Yong , Nokes David James , Muñoz-Almagro Carmen , Mandelboim Michal , Keck James W. , Langley Joanne Marie , Heikkinen Terho , Deng Jikui , Colson Philippe , Chakhunashvili Giorgi , Caballero Mauricio T. , Bont Louis , Feikin Daniel R. , Nair Harish , Wang Xin , Li You ,   Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network, Abo Yara-Natalie , Daley Andrew , Waller Gregory , Danilenko Daria M. , Komissarov Andrey B. , Bandeira Teresa , Barreto Maria Rosário , Suntronwong Nongruthai , Pasittungkul Siripat , Katama Esther Nyadzua , Arranz Alba , Launes Cristian , Bassat Quique , Nemet Ital , Dobson Jennifer D. , Bi Jiajia , Deng Guangcheng , Boschi Céline , La Scola Bernard , Raoult Didier , Karseladze Irakli , Zakhashvili Khatuna , Tarkhan-Mouravi Olgha , Dvorkin Julia , Billard Marie N.
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic and relevant non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) interrupted the circulation of common respiratory viruses. These viruses demonstrated an unprecedented asynchronous resurgence as NPIs were relaxed. We compiled a global dataset from a systematic review, online surveillance reports and unpublished data from Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network, encompassing 92 sites. We compared the resurgence timings of respiratory viruses within each site and synthesised differences in timings across sites, using a generalised linear mixed-effects model. We revealed a distinct sequential timing in the first post-pandemic resurgence: rhinovirus resurged the earliest, followed by seasonal coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus and influenza A virus, with influenza B virus exhibiting the latest resurgence. Similar sequential timing was observed in the second resurgence except influenza A virus caught up with metapneumovirus. The consistent asynchrony across geographical regions suggests that virus-specific characteristics, rather than location-specific factors, determining the relative timing of resurgence.
A paired dataset of multi-modal MRI at 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla with manual hippocampal subfield segmentations
Authors: Chu Lei , Ma Baoqiang , Dong Xiaoxi , He Yirong , Che Tongtong , Zeng Debin , Zhang Zihao , Li Shuyu
Published: February 2025

The hippocampus plays a critical role in memory and is prone to neural degenerative diseases. Its complex structure and distinct subfields pose challenges for automatic segmentation in 3 T MRI because of its limited resolution and contrast. While 7 T MRI offers superior anatomical details and better gray-white matter contrast, aiding in clearer differentiation of hippocampal structures, its use is restricted by high costs. To bridge this gap, algorithms synthesizing 7T-like images from 3 T scans are being developed, requiring paired datasets for training. However, the scarcity of such high-quality paired datasets, particularly those with manual hippocampal subfield segmentations as ground truth, hinders progress. Herein, we introduce a dataset comprising paired 3 T and 7 T MRI scans from 20 healthy volunteers, with manual hippocampal subfield annotations on 7 T T2-weighted images. This dataset is designed to support the development and evaluation of both 3T-to-7T MR image synthesis models and automated hippocampal segmentation algorithms on 3 T images. We assessed the image quality using MRIQC. The dataset is freely accessible on the Figshare+.
A novel electrochemical recycling strategy for NdFeB swarf with minimized chemical consumption
Authors: Jia Xiaozheng , Liu Xiaodong , Xu Xuan , Jing Peng , Liu Baocang , Bai Tao , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2025

Recovery of Nd2O3 and Fe(OH)3 from NdFeB swarf using an electrochemical recycling route with minimized chemical consumption.
Engineering the next generation of MXenes: challenges and strategies for scalable production and enhanced performance
Authors: Bao Weizhai , Shen Hao , Zeng Guozhao , Zhang Yangyang , Wang Yaoyu , Cui Dingyu , Xia Jingjie , Jing King , Liu He , Guo Cong , Yu Feng , Sun Kaiwen , Li Jingfa
Published: February 2025

Optimization strategy of MXene scale preparation.
Amine groups alter product selectivity and rate of catalytic hydride transfer reactions
Authors: Pattanayak Santanu , Siegel Rachel E. , Liu Yiming , Fettinger James C. , Berben Louise A.
Published: February 2025

An electrocatalyst is modified with amines at the surface, to model a common reaction environment. The most prominent effect of the amines is hydrogen bonding with the catalyst-hydride intermediate, and alterations to product selectivity.
Urea and salt induced modulation of protein interactions: implications for crystallization and liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Madani M. , Hamacher T. , Platten F.
Published: February 2025

Urea modulates protein–protein interactions by reducing net attractions, a trend captured by DLVO theory, with implications for protein crystallization and LLPS.
Enhanced tin halide perovskite solar cells via crystal growth control using a multifunctional interfacial modifier
Authors: Ryu Jun , Pandey Padmini , Yoon Saemon , Cho Sung-Won , Lee Seojun , Kedia Rashi , Kim Jincheol , Park Jongsung , Kang Dong-Won
Published: February 2025

The introduction of a multifunctional interfacial modifier controls crystal growth and reduces defects in Sn-based halide perovskites, leading to a remarkable enhancement in solar cell performance.
Analyse der Patientencharakteristika in der stationären Behandlung von
Verhaltenssüchten – eine explorative Studie
Authors: Gasser Cristina , Mutschler Jochen
Published: February 2025

Einleitung, Fragestellung Zur Behandlung von Verhaltenssüchten ist wenig klinische Forschung
vorhanden. Daher werden in dieser Studie die Patientencharakteristika aus den ersten 2 Jahren des
Therapiemodells der Privatklinik Meiringen beschrieben sowie Auffälligkeiten und Veränderungen im
psychischen Zustand der Patienten statistisch analysiert.

Methoden Insgesamt 49 Personen zwischen 18 und 64 Jahren wurden aus dem stationären Setting
eingeschlossen. Die Patientencharakteristika wurden mit deskriptiver Statistik dargestellt. Anhand
validierter Messinstrumente wurde der psychische Zustand der Patienten zum Eintritts- und
Austrittszeitpunkt erfasst und analysiert.

Resultate Die Analyse zeigte einerseits, dass alle Studienteilnehmenden neben der Verhaltenssucht
an anderen psychischen Komorbiditäten litten. Am häufigsten trat die Depression auf. Zudem variierte die
Verteilung und das Vorkommen der Komorbiditäten je nach Verhaltenssucht. Andererseits zeigte sich auch
eine deutliche Verbesserung der psychischen Belastung zwischen der Ersterhebung und der Letzterhebung

Schlussfolgerungen Die Studie gibt einen explorativen Einblick in Eigenheiten der
Patientencharakteristika im stationären Setting und einen Überblick ihres Komorbiditätsspektrums. Leider
verunmöglicht der retrospektive Charakter der Studie genauere Aussagen über die Wirksamkeit der
Therapie.
Modifications of the Prothrombin Active Site S4 Subpocket Confer Resistance to Dabigatran
Authors: Strijbis Viola , Cheung Ka Lei , Veizaj Dejvid , Rutten Tessa , Bruin Boris , Reitsma Pieter , Verhoef Daniël , Bos Mettine
Published: February 2025

Direct anticoagulants inhibit coagulation serine proteases by reversibly engaging their active site with high affinity. By modifying the S4 active site subpocket of factor (F)Xa, we previously introduced inhibitor-resistance while preserving catalytic activity. Given the homology between FXa and thrombin in active site architecture and direct anticoagulant binding, we have targeted the S4 subsite to introduce inhibitor resistance in (pro)thrombin. Recombinant prothrombin variants were generated in which I174 was substituted or sequence R92-N98 was exchanged with that of human kallikrein-3. Specific prothrombin clotting activity of the variants was 6-fold (intrinsic clotting) to 10-fold (extrinsic clotting) reduced relative to wild-type prothrombin. Further analyses revealed that modification of the S4 subsite hampers fibrinogen and thrombomodulin-mediated protein C conversion by thrombin. Consistent with this, the thrombin variants displayed a reduced catalytic efficiency towards the peptidyl substrate used in thrombin generation assessments. The variants displayed a 2-fold reduced sensitivity for dabigatran relative to wild-type prothrombin, while argatroban inhibition was unaffected. Analyses using a purified component system revealed an up to 24-fold and 4-fold reduced IC50 for inhibition of thrombin by dabigatran and argatroban, respectively. MD simulations of both dabigatran-bound and unbound (apo) modified thrombin variants indicated these to comprise a larger inhibitor binding pocket relative to wild-type thrombin and display reduced inhibitor binding. As a net effect, (pro)thrombin variants with S4 subsite modifications supported detectable fibrin formation at therapeutic dabigatran concentrations. Our findings provide proof-of-concept for the engineering of thrombin variants that are resistant to direct thrombin inhibitors by modulating the S4 subsite.
CT-Guided Occipital Condyle Biopsy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Morcet Delattre Thibaud , Voisin Steven , Rabeau Valentin , Rolland Yan
Published: February 2025

Metastasis of breast cancer to the occipital condyle presents challenges in histopathologic diagnosis and treatment due to its difficult localization. A few surgical and radiological approaches have been described, with various level of complexity.

The case presentation describes a 43-year-old woman with persistent occipital neuralgia, diagnosed with a lytic mass on the left occipital condyle via head magnetic resonance imaging. A computed tomography-guided biopsy confirmed breast carcinoma metastasis without any complication, highlighting the efficacy and safety of the posterior ascending occipital condyle approach for bone biopsies.
Imaging Findings in Amyloid Arthropathy of the Hip Joints: The Eyes Cannot See What the Mind Does Not Know
Authors: Ghonge Nitin P. , Goyal Nidhi , Jain Tanya , Baweja Pankaji
Published: February 2025

Amyloid arthropathy is a rare but serious complication in patients with chronic renal failure with a history of prolonged hemodialysis. The underlying pathophysiology is the accumulation of beta-2 microglobulin in intra- and periarticular tissues, with consequent synovial thickening and erosions. Imaging-based diagnosis of amyloid arthropathy allows prompt clinical management and better patient outcomes. In view of vague clinical presentation and uncommon incidence, the radiologist is often the first one to suspect this complication. We hereby describe the case of a 66-year-old man with gradually progressive left hip pain for the past 6 months who was diagnosed to have bilateral amyloid arthropathy and was subsequently confirmed with computed tomography (CT) guided synovial biopsy. Amyloid arthropathy should be considered in patients with hip pain who are on long-term hemodialysis and present with suggestive findings on radiograph, CT, and magnetic resonance studies.