bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering Genetic Diversity in the Origins of Pepper (Capsicum spp.) and Comparison with Worldwide Variability
Authors: Silvar Cristina , García‐González Carlos A.
Published: September 2016

Several attempts in recent decades have been devoted to investigating the genetic and phenotypic diversity harbored by the genus Capsicum. Particular efforts have been directed to old varieties or landraces. However, the genus is still under‐researched, and further investigations that accurately define the relationships among species and identify those geographic regions with greater variability are required. In the present work, 107 Capsicum landraces from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia were evaluated with a set of 16 microsatellite markers. In total, 187 alleles were detected in the Andean collection, and 49.7% of those were recorded as unique alleles. Indices of genetic diversity were high and very similar in the three evaluated countries, although the domesticated Capsicum species carrying the highest diversity varied among them: C. frutescens (L.) in Ecuador, C. chinense (Jacq.) in Peru, and C. annuum (L.) in Bolivia. Comparison of Andean accessions with others coming from diverse origins revealed intraspecific genetic differentiation in C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccatum (L.), and C. pubescens (Ruiz et Pav.), following a geographic pattern. Similarly, assessment of the genetic diversity currently maintained in Ecuadorian Capsicum species brought to light a dramatic decrease in the genetic variability of cultivated peppers when compared with those harbored by old landraces. Analysis of genetic relationships among Capsicum species was in agreement with previous taxonomic classifications: C. annuum, C. chinense, and C. frutescens were clustered as independent and highly related species; C. cardenasii (Heiser et Smith) and C. eximium (Hunz.) were indistinguishable as a single species; and C. chacoense (Hunz.) was placed between C. pubescens and C. annuum complexes.
Estimation of Heterosis for Some Important Quantitative Traits in Cowpea under Drought Stress
Authors: Olajide Amos A. , Ilori Christopher O.
Published: September 2016

An experiment was conducted to determine the extent of heterosis (a better parent and standard check) in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] under drought stress. It was performed in the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology at the University of Ibadan during the 2012 to 2013 and 2013 to 2014 dry seasons between October and February. Ten parents and 42 hybrids with diverse drought tolerance were planted in a randomized complete block design (r = 3) under water‐stressed and well‐watered environments. Out of the 42 hybrids studied, the majority had significant heterosis over their better parental and standard check values, suggesting the effects of nonadditive gene actions for these traits under both environments. Significant positive heterosis over better parent (14) and standard check (19) hybrids was observed for plant height under water stress, likely due to parental combination and environmental factors. For heterosis over better parents, 15 and 23 hybrids were observed for number of days to 50% flowering, 22 and 20 hybrids for number of days to 50% ripe pod and for standard check, 10 and 22 hybrids for number of days to 50% flowering, and 20 and 33 hybrids for number of days to 50% ripe pod under water‐stressed and well‐watered environments, respectively. A substantial number of hybrids indicated highly positive significant heterotic values over better parents and standard check for terminal leaflet area, number of leaves plant−1, pod length, 100‐seed weight, total seed weight, number of pods plant−1, and number of seeds pod−1 under both environments.
Phenotypic Evaluation of a Milk Thistle Germplasm Collection: Fruit Morphology and Chemical Composition
Authors: Martinelli T. , Potenza E. , Moschella A. , Zaccheria F. , Benedettelli S. , Andrzejewska J.
Published: September 2016

Milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] is an officinal crop species native to the Mediterranean. The species is gaining increasing interest as a multipurpose crop, but lack of information exists about the natural phenotypic variability available in the species for the traits of interest. In the present work, the fruit morphological and chemical traits of a collection of 26 milk thistle accessions have been analyzed. The results show that the most variable traits are related to single flavonolignan content. When the most abundant fatty acids present in the fruit are considered, oleic acid appears to have the higher variability between accessions. Correlations between variables highlight strong relationships between the different flavonolignans and a strong positive correlation between isosilybin A and the total silymarin content, suggesting a central role of this minor flavonolignan in silymarin biosynthetic pathway. The clustering procedure displays considerable diversity between the accessions that originate from localities where milk thistle is described as a native species.
Pre‐ and Post‐silking Carbohydrate Concentrations in Maize Ear‐leaves and Developing Ears in Response to Nitrogen Availability
Authors: Peng Yunfeng , Zeng Xieting , Houx James H. , Boardman Dara L. , Li Chunjian , Fritschi Felix B.
Published: September 2016

Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield is considered to be highly associated with carbohydrate dynamics in leaves and developing ears during the critical period bracketing silking. Carbohydrate changes are sensitive to variation in nitrogen (N) availability, yet a comprehensive analysis of the N effect on various carbohydrate concentrations around silking remains elusive. A 2‐yr field study was conducted to investigate grain yield, N uptake, ear dry matter and carbohydrate concentrations in ear‐leaves and whole ears (prior to silking) and kernels (after silking) of maize grown with 0, 150, and 300 kg N ha−1. Greater N availability increased maize shoot dry matter and N content at silking and physiological maturity, as well as grain yield. While N had little effect on ear‐leaf glucose concentration, sucrose concentration increased but starch concentration decreased with increasing N, regardless of sampling time. Prior to silking, glucose and fructose concentrations in the developing ear responded positively to increasing N availability, but sucrose and starch concentrations declined. In growing kernels shortly after silking, glucose and fructose concentrations in N fertilized treatments were significantly lower than those in the zero‐N treatment. In contrast, a significant increase in kernel starch concentration was found in response to 300 kg N ha−1. These observations point to an important role of the carbohydrate composition of unpollinated ears prior to silking with regard to kernel set and post‐silking kernel starch accumulation, and thus final crop yield.
Yearling Cattle Performance on Continuously Stocked ‘Tifton 85’ and ‘Florakirk’ Bermudagrass Pastures
Authors: Pedreira Carlos G.S. , Silva Valdson J. , Newman Yoana C. , Sollenberger Lynn E.
Published: September 2016

Cynodon grasses are a major feed source for livestock in the US Gulf Coast region. Although continuous stocking is widely used for regional perennial grass pastures, there has been limited evaluation of animal performance on continuously stocked bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. This 3‐yr experiment compared forage and animal performance on continuously stocked ‘Tifton 85’ (Cynodon spp.) and ‘Florakirk’ bermudagrass pastures using a variable stocking rate during summer (average of 159 d yr−1). Tifton 85 had greater herbage accumulation than Florakirk (average of 13.6 vs. 7.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively), in part because Florakirk percentage cover declined from 89% at initiation of the experiment to 35% after 3 yr. Change in cover of Tifton 85 over the same period was 93 to 90%. The Tifton 85 forage concentrations of in vitro digestible organic matter was greater than for Florakirk (563 vs. 523 g kg−1, respectively), but yearling cattle average daily gain did not differ between grasses (0.61 kg d−1). Greater herbage accumulation for Tifton 85 resulted in a greater average stocking rate than for Florakirk (6.4 vs. 3.8 head ha−1, respectively) at a similar herbage allowance of approximately 1.0 kg forage dry matter kg−1 animal body weight. Gain ha−1 was greater for cattle grazing on Tifton 85 than on Florakirk (638 vs. 358 kg ha−1, respectively). Tifton 85 was superior to Florakirk bermudagrass under continuous stocking in northern Florida because of its greater herbage accumulation, herbage in vitro digestible organic matter, average stocking rate, animal gain ha−1, and persistence.
Modeling Soil Organic Carbon Loss in Relation to Flow Velocity and Slope on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Li Z.W. , Liu L. , Nie X.D. , Chang X.F. , Liu C. , Xiao H.B.
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas

Total soil loss was significantly correlated to SOC loss.

SOC content affected the relationship of soil loss and SOC loss.

A simple SOC prediction model for individual rainfall events was built.

Rainfall intensity and slope influenced the SOC enrichment ratio.

Soil organic C (SOC) loss is usually estimated in relation to sediment loss in the long term and at a large scale. Further studies on building a simple SOC prediction model for individual rainfall events are thus needed. Simulated rainfall experiments were conducted under two rainfall intensities (90 and 120 mm h−1) and four typical slope gradients (10, 15, 20, and 25°). Two types of soils (Suide and Changwu) with different textures were selected. Results showed that total sediment loss and SOC loss are correlated and that this correlation is particularly significant under lower organic C content (P < 0.01). The SOC enrichment ratio was high under 90 mm h−1 rainfall intensity and increased further by a low slope under interrill erosion. The relationship between average flow velocity and average sediment concentration for the Suide soil could be regressed with a linear function (R2 > 0.94), and the relationship between slope and runoff could be modeled with a quadratic function (R2 > 0.94). For the Changwu soil, both sediment concentration and runoff showed significant relationships with slope (P < 0.05). Soil organic C loss can be predicted simply by flow velocity, slope, SOC content, and SOC enrichment ratio. The prediction accuracy of the model was improved when the rainfall intensity was low. The results of this study can serve as a reference in enhancing the accuracy of SOC loss prediction.
From "Noma Kumnyama" to "Pata Pata": a history
Authors: Allingham Rob
Published: September 2016

Miriam Makeba's 1967 recording of "Pata Pata" represents the commercial apex of this iconic artist's long career. For over forty years, the record has enjoyed a high profile, international popularity thanks to continual radio airplay, ongoing physical sales and more recently, internet downloads, both paid-for and unpaid. However, "Pata Pata" is not without its own historical and structural anomalies, for it is in fact a combination of two separate original melodies derived from two completely different sources. The first eight bar melodic phrase in "Pata Pata" comes directly from an earlier song entitled "Noma Kumnyama" (Zulu: "Even If It's Dark") by the Dundee Wandering Singers, an mbube group led by Alson Novemu Mkhize.
Locating hope in performance: lessons from Edward Kabuye
Authors: Noss-Van Buren Kathleen J.
Published: September 2016

This article draws upon fieldwork in Nairobi, Kenya, and scholarly literature to consider the efficacy of music in communicating messages and promoting social change. I focus on the work of Nairobi-based Ugandan artist Edward Kabuye. Kabuye's projects reveal his approach to life: his creative thinking, his desire to address the problems facing the communities in which he lives, and his perseverance despite myriad challenges. Through performance, Kabuye seeks to persuade audience members to rethink the circumstances of their lives and to take positive action.
The influence of green marketing on consumer purchase behavior
Authors: P. Govender Jeevarathnam , L. Govender Tushya
Published: September 2016

Global warming, pollution and climate change are some of the problems that have become an increasingly concerning issue internationally. Environmental deterioration has led to businesses changing the way in which they conduct themselves, leading to the emergence of green marketing. A considerable amount of research has been conducted on green marketing and consumer behavior, mainly, in developed countries. There is, however, a noticeable dearth of knowledge pertaining to consumers in South Africa. Thus, the aim of this paper is to examine, at an exploratory level, the influence of green marketing on the purchasing behavior of South African consumers. A survey was conducted on a sample of 100 consumers using a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive design. The results indicate that South African citizens have high knowledge levels on the issues facing the environment. Elements of the green marketing mix, specifically, green promotion, were found to raise awareness and encourage positive change in consumption behavior. A large proportion of respondents preferred to patronize socially responsible retailers. Furthermore, respondents preferred green products over standard alternatives. However, they were price sensitive which affected their purchasing decisions. It emerged that there was no significant difference between low and high income earners in terms of price sensitivity, and no significant difference between lower and higher qualified respondents in terms of knowledge and awareness of environmental degradation and green marketing
Country of market effect
Authors: Li Shenyu , Huang Rong , K. Balasubramanian Siva
Published: September 2016

Purpose: This article proposes and empirically tests the country of market (COMK) effect, which captures the consumer’s responses of home market to a country where the product is marketed. Design/methodology/approach: Study 1 applies a lab experiment about Chinese consumers’ purchase intention for printers marketed either in the US or China. Study 2 applies country level data to examine the impact of economic development of 22 host countries on the performance of 167 multinational retailers in their home country. Findings: Study 1 shows that the printers marketed in US attract a higher level of purchase intention than printers marketed in China. This COMK effect is more salient for printers manufactured in China than those manufactured in US. In addition, innovation and design factors corresponding to the host country’s image fully mediate the COMK effect. Results in Study 2 show that a retailer that markets its services in a host country with a higher (lower) level of economic development is likely to generate higher (lower) level of retailing performance in its home country. Furthermore, it is found that COMK effect is diminished as the level of economic development of a vendor’s home country increases. Research limitations/implications: In addition to the cognitive components of country image (e.g., design and innovation), consumers’ affective components may also influence the COMK effect. Future research could discuss the impact of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity on consumers’ attitude towards the product marketed in other countries. Practical implications: Strategically, marketing products to a country with a favorable image could benefit vendors from an emerging economy. For manufacturers from developed countries, marketing a product within their own countries may enhance the associated innovation and design images while marketing the same product in an emerging market. Originality/value: This article proposes and tests a demand side country effect on consumers’ purchase intention for products marketed in other countries. It is in sharp contrast to the traditional country effect which focuses on the supply side effect (e.g., country of origin, country of manufacture, country of assembly etc.)
Does access to finance improve household welfare?
Authors: Manh Quach Hao
Published: September 2016

In this paper, the author develops an econometric framework to analyze the effect of access to credit on the economic welfare of households in Vietnam. The findings confirm that household credit contributes positively and significantly to the economic welfare of households in terms of per capita expenditure, per capita food expenditure and per capita non-food expenditure. The positive effect of credit on household economic welfare is observed regardless of whether they are poor or better-off households. The author also finds that credit has a greater positive effect on the economic welfare of poorer households and finds that the age of the household head, the household size, land ownership, and savings and the availability of credit at village level are key factors that affect household borrowing. Some policy implications are drawn
Value in the eye of the beholder: a survey of valuation practices of Estonian financial professionals
Authors: Kantaukov Mark , Sander Priit
Published: September 2016

This is the first empirical study related to the linkage between distributed profit taxation and company valuation. In this paper we present the results of a survey of Estonian valuation practitioners. The main purpose of this study is to clarify the valuation practices of Estonian analysts with emphasis on fundamental analysis-based valuation methods. We elucidate whether and how practitioners treat certain aspects of corporate income taxation when valuing Estonian companies, and how they adjust conventional models taking into account the peculiarities of the Estonian distributed profit taxation system. As distributed profit taxation allows Estonian companies to postpone their income tax liability, it should lead to a positive impact on the value of Estonian companies compared to non-Estonian ones. The survey also included hypothetical valuation cases seeking to determine the difference in analysts’ views on equity value in a simplified framework. Results show that free cash flow to the firm and EV/EBITDA multiples are the most popular valuation models among analysts, with the majority of analysts using these models together. Analysts adjust models primarily when calculating the cost of capital and forecasting corporate income tax liability. However, many respondents did not make any adjustments when valuing Estonian companies, but proceeded from the same grounds when valuing Estonian and non-Estonian businesses. The equity valuation of hypothetical companies revealed highly diverse estimates and an unawareness of the positive aspects of distributed profit taxation vis-à-vis traditional profit taxation on a company’s value
Shape up or ship out. Experiences of micro and small business entrepreneurs in the Bulawayo Metropolitan Province of Zimbabwe
Authors: Nani Gwendoline , Radipere Simon
Published: September 2016

This study was part of a larger study that sought to find out why businesses tended to imitate one another. However, this particular study focused on the challenges faced by micro and small entrepreneurs in the Bulawayo Metropolitan Province in Zimbabwe as a result of business imitations. A case study design was adopted and individual interviews were used as data collecting instruments. Qualitative data were collected from 30 purposively selected micro and small business entrepreneurs. Findings revealed that while micro and small business entrepreneurs used imitation as a business entry strategy, they also faced challenges of imitation by other players. Recommendations are that capacity building workshops be conducted to educate these entrepreneurs on appropriate strategies to remain relevant in the market
Corporate governance and management of earnings: empirical evidence from selected Nigerian-listed companies
Authors: Adeolu Abata Matthew , Oseko Migiro Stephen
Published: September 2016

Due to the threat of recorded business failures arising from weak corporate governance and low financial reporting quality on the Nigerian economy, this study investigates the effects of corporate governance variables on earnings management among selected listed firms from the manufacturing and banking sectors. A sample of 24 listed companies from the 2 sectors’ population of 63 was examined to gather empirical data from 2008 to 2013 using multiple regression tools. Employing the panel data analysis approach, board independence, audit committee independence and audit committee size are insignificantly positively correlated with earnings management. Board size is insignificantly negatively correlated with earnings management while ownership structure is insignificantly negatively correlated with earnings management. Audit quality is positively correlated with earnings management, though not statistically significant. Based on these findings, the study concludes that corporate governance structures, as it were, have not helped to address earnings management. The study recommends, among other things considering the first 4 hypotheses that investors should invest in companies with moderate-to-high debt-to-equity ratios as lenders are able to externally monitor companies. It also recommended that regulatory bodies should frequently discharge their supervisory roles by monitoring the companies’ activities to ensure compliance
Governance of risks in South Africa’s public higher education institutions (HEIs)
Authors: Moloi Tankiso
Published: September 2016

The author examines the manner in which risk is governed within higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa by formulating risk governance statements based on the requirements of the King III Report on Corporate Governance and other relevant literature. The formulated risk governance statements are used to develop the risk disclosure measurement index. Disclosure measurement method is accepted as a flexible method to use when extracting the pre-determined information in the annual reports. The developed risk disclosure index is used to extract the information from South Africa’s higher education institutions’ annual reports. The information disclosed in these annual reports is deemed a proxy of risk management practices within the higher education institution concerned. The results obtained indicate that South Africa’s higher education institutions have not embraced risk management as a key process in their activities. This is apparent in the assessed annual reports as compliance with the pre-determined set of statements was around 50%. For those that have not demonstrated these practices, it is stated that the concern is around the manner in which their highest decision makers make decisions, as it appears that risks may not necessarily be taken into account. As higher education institutions in South Africa continues to face challenges and they would possible be revising their strategies to take into account the recent events, every strategic decision being undertaken should be accompanied by a proper risk assessment to identify potential pitfalls (threats) and/or take advantage to achieve results promptly (opportunities)
Study of waders diversity from wetlands of Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Authors: Kumar Adesh , Kanaujia* Amita
Published: September 2016

This is sad that aspiring ornithologist have short of interest in waders because these are exasperating and small dull colored birds. Waders are limply used terms to describe a group of small to medium sized birds, gregarious in nature, and living at the edge of the water, i.e. waders usually occupy the interphase zones of a water body. Waders are the most important group of wetland birds that are vital for the smooth functioning of these ecosystems. Wetlands in Lucknow are supporting services for bird fauna in order to maintain biological and genetic diversity. Waders are the birds ecologically dependent on wetlands. The study presents diversity of waders in Lucknow and adjacent areas where surveys have been conducted for two years (October 2013- September 2015) in different unprotected wetlands of Lucknow having N 26.84700 and E 80.94700 geographical coordinates. Total 35 Species of waders representing 3 orders and 9 families were recorded from five different localities. Out of these 35 species, family Ardeidae has maximum 12 species followed by Ciconiidae having 5 species, Charadriidae and Rallidae having 4 species each, Jacanidae having 2 species, Threskiornithidae, Recurvirostridae and Gruidae having 1 species each respectively. The effort of this baseline study is to make available the information about biodiversity of waders to recognize these sites as IBA habitat for the conservation of waders and water bird population because baseline information is a proviso for setting up and monitoring executive actions for these birds and their habitats.
Synthesis and solvatochromic of 3-(4-N-Pyridine -2-yl benzene sulfonamide azo)-1-nitroso naphthol and use it for determination of trace amount of Cobalt (II) as complex
Authors: Khazaal Fatma A. , Mohammed* Hussein J.
Published: September 2016

The azo reagent 3- (4-N-Pyridine -2-yl benzene sulfonamide azo)-1-nitroso naphthol was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13CNMR spectral techniques. The solvatochromism of the azo compound was studied by using different solvents. Spectrophotometric determination of cobalt (II) is based on the formation of a 2:1 complex with above reagent. The complex has λmax at (452) nm and Ԑmax of (2. 0567*104) L. mol-1. cm-1.A linear correlation (0.1- 3.5μg. ml-1) was found between absorbance at λmax and concentration. The effect of diverse ions on the determination of cobalt (II) to investigate the selectivity of the method were also studied. The stability constant of the product was (2. 68*108). The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of honey sample.
Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of plant extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb.
Authors: Pandey Khushbu , Singh* Mahendra , Pandey Bharat , Upadhyaya Anshulika , Pande Kamal K.
Published: September 2016

The present study was carried out for phytochemical screening of principle bioactive compounds and antimicrobial activity in Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb., Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponin, terpenoid, steroid, saponin, flavonoid, tannin and alkaloid. The petroleum, ether, chloroform, methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts were subjected to antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, E. coli and Bacillus subtilis against anti-fungal strains A.awamori, A.fumigatus, Rhizopus oryzae, Trichoderma viridae and C.oryzae. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was evaluated by disc-diffusion method.
Seasonal zooplankton diversity in relation to physico chemical parameters of perennial pond of Chaibasa, West Singhbhum, Jharkhand in India.
Authors: Sinha* Pramod Kumar , Singh Ravinder
Published: September 2016

Plankton have immense value as food and play an important role in disposal of sewage and natural purifiers of water. Zooplankton diversity is one of the most important ecological parameter in water quality assessment. In this study we try to assess the seasonal zooplankton species richness and diversity, for a period of One-year (April 2014 – March 2015) data on the seasonal studies of zooplankton diversity of jubilee pond, Chaibasa, West Singhbhum, Jharkhand, India revealed the presence of 29 zooplankton species. A limited number of these were recorded throughout the year, while others were distributed in different seasons mainly in winter and summer seasons. During winter, Cladocerans were the most dominant group followed by Copepoda. On the other hand, rotifers and Cladocerans were the most dominant during summer. Certain species e.g. Brachionus calyciflorus, Brachionus falcatus, Monostyla quadridentatus, Trichotria sp., Cyclops sp., Cypris sp., Daphnia carinata were recorded throughout the year. Physico-chemical analysis of Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon-di-oxide, alkalinity, chlorinity, salinity, total hardness, and phosphorus were observed during the study period.
Studies on monthly variations in phytoplankton diversity of hot water spring Atri, Odisha, India.
Authors: Mohapatra* Manoj Kumar , Patra A. K.
Published: September 2016

Phytoplankton in Atri hot water Spring of Odisha investigated monthly basic from January 2012 to December 2013. Result revealed that diversity of species Chlorophyceae % whereas Cyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were composed. The physicochemical parameters such as water temperature, PH, total alkalinity, chloride and phosphate were significantly related to phytoplankton abundance
Identification of a Novel Salt-Tolerant Streptomyces Isolate with Bio-Fertilizing Property
Authors: Algafari Rebah N. , Hasan Ibrahim I. , Al-Joubory Ghayda A.
Published: September 2016

A 65 local Streptomyces isolates were tested for their salt tolerance ability. Four of them were found to grow on 6% salt concentration medium. These were selected as candidates for bio-fertilizing use. Only one of them named Streptomyces NS-38 was found to pose such trait by enhancing accelerated seed germination of different types of plants on salt and normal media. Result showed that incubation of seeds with this bacterium extract for 15 hours before implantation increased the number of germinating seeds and yield significantly.
The influence of peat water to the colony number of aerob bacteria in mouth
Authors: Purwandari Peni , Dewi Nurdiana , Budiarti Lia Yulia
Published: September 2016

Peatlands in Borneo is the second which the pH is 32% below normal that is 2-5, the pH of the acid contained in the peat water can trigger the acid environment of the oral cavity resulting in increased aerobic bacteria of the oral cavity. Most small communities of South Kalimantan who lives inland which is unreachable with clean water still use peat water for daily necessities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of peat water to the number of aerobic bacteria colonies of the oral cavity. This study used the quasi-experimental research design with pre-posttest control group design. The study sample consisted of 20 students of Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University. The research used peat water after mouth rinsing with 10 ml of water and then the number of aerobic bacteria colonies which were present in bacterial growth media was counted. The result of this study showed that the result of paired t-test showed no significant differences between the groups before and after rinsing with  peat water (p = 0.001) (p <0.005). Based on the research we conclude that the peat water may cause an increasing in the number of colonies of aerobic bacteria of the oral cavity.
Roughness comparison of heat cured type of acrylic resin in disinfectant solution immersion (Immersion in a solution of alkaline peroxide and 75% Celery extract (Apium graveolens L))
Authors: Puspitasari Dewi , Wibowo Diana , Rosemarwa Elda
Published: September 2016

Acrylic resin denture base has the properties absorbing that affecting physical and mechanical properties. One of the physical properties of acrylic resin is surface roughness. The aim of the study was to find out the roughness effect on heat cured acrylic that was immersed in alkaline peroxide and 75% celery (Apium graveoens L) extract as a disinfectant solution. The study was a true experimental and posttest with control group designed with a rectangular shape size 65 x 10 x 3.3 mm based on the ISO standard 1567, six samples were used for alkaline peroxide, celery extract 75% and aquadest group for 5 and 15 days. A Surface Roughness Tester was used for the surface roughness changes observation. The statistical test used One-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni. The results of this study showed the value of roughness on 5 days for alkaline peroxide (1.51 µm) is greater than celery extract (0.36µm) and aquadest (0.30 µm). The soaking for 15 days in alkaline peroxide (1.52 µm) is greater than 75% celery extracts (0.38 µm) and aquadest (0.34 µm). Alkaline peroxide caused higher roughness value of heat cured acrylic resin than 75% celery extract.
Differences Chronological Age and Dental Age Using Demirjian Method based upon a Study Radiology using Radiography Panoramic at the RSGM Unhas
Authors: Yunus Barunawaty , Wardhani Yulia
Published: September 2016

Background.Choronological age is assessed by the date, month, and year of birth. Several researches suggested that Chronological age may not be able to provide sufficient information regarding on human growth precisely. Chronological age, on the other hand, could not be used to assess  Maturity development rate of a patient, so it is necessary to assess the dental age. Dental age is age assessment method  by measuring human growth and development. Age estimation has important role in health field, Particularly  in dentistry as it will be beneficial in making appropriate diagnosis, Treatment plan, and prognosis. Tooth eruption estimation according to Demirjian Method conducted by assessing growth and development process of tooth using panoramic  radiography. Purpose. Determine the difference between Chronological Age and Dental Age Using Demirjian Method Based on Radiology Analysis of Panoramic Radiography. Method. This study was an observational analytic using Cross-sectional study, all data are observed once at the time. In this study,  the amount of sample reviewed were 30 samples, consisted of 4 – 9 years old children. Panoramic radiography were collected based on target population which fulfill Sample Criteria from reconciled patient of radiology department RSGM Unhas. The results were obtained by estimating the score of  dental age using Demirjian Method. After that, the Dental age and chronological age were analayzed to obtain the mean difference. Result. Based on wilcoxon test, mean value was obtain p:0.011 (p<0.05), this result shows that there is significant difference between chronological age and dental age. Conclusion.Chronological age and dental age can be assessed by reviewing the panoramic radiography using Demirjian Method
Effectivity of convex triangular and rectangular cross section instruments on decreasing the amount of root canal Enterococcus faecalis bacteria colonies
Authors: Goenawan Meilina , Nugroho Juni Jekti , Rovani Christine Anastasia , Trilaksana Aries Chandra , Natsir Nurhayaty , Anas Andi Sumidarti
Published: September 2016

this study aims to evaluate effectiveness difference between convex triangular and rectangular cross section rotary  instruments on root canal Enterococcus faecalis bacteria colonies. Samples mandibular premolar teeth with one narrow and straight root canal divided into 3 groups : instrumented with convex triangular cross section rotary instruments, rectangular cross section rotary instruments, and convex triangular cross section manual  instruments. Each group consisted of 9 samples. Standardized teeth length, instrumented to #15 K-file  and sterilized. E. faecalis suspension in BHIB was standardized then 27 root canals contaminated. Root canals were incubated for 21 days. Every 48 hours root canals added with BHIB. Initial samples were collected, plated in agar culture medium and incubated for bacterial count. and then bacterial count was performed again. Data were collected and analysed using Paired T-test and ANOVA

The results showed there are significant  difference on Enterococcus faecalis bacteria colonies amount before and after preparation with all instruments that was used and bacterial reduction amount in root canals were greater on convex triangular cross section instruments than on rectangular cross section instruments even there was no significant difference.
Save the pulp! Essential issues on pulp capping
Authors: Zakaria Myrna Nurlatifah
Published: September 2016

Vitality of the pulp is a major key for the tooth to physiologically functioning in the mouth. Exposed pulp can be saved by pulp capping treatment diminishing the need for more complicated treatment such as root canal treatment or extraction. To induce tissue repair essentials factors must be considered namely proper case selection, method, material, adequate isolation and techniques. This literature review will discuss relevant issues and matters on pulp capping treatment based on evidence and findings from previous studies to achieve more predictable outcome of pulp capping treatment.
One versus two visits of endodontic treatment on teeth with apical periodontitis
Authors: Nugroho Juni Jekti
Published: September 2016

The microbiological purpose of teeth endodontic treatment with apical periodontitis is to reduce microbes in order to achieve periradicular tissue healing and to prevent microbes recolonized. These are obtained by antimicrobial measures, including chemo-mechanical procedures and intra-canal medication, with root canal obturation steps. One of the problems in endodontic is the planning consideration to give treatment with one or two visits. Performing intra-appointment medication is an absolute measure to promote disinfection and successful treatment. Another purpose of this paper is to provide a reference about one or two visit of endodontic treatment decision making for dental professionals. Root canal system on teeth with apical periodontitis treated in two visits endodontic and calcium hydroxide as the intra-appointment medication achieved better microbiological status than the one treated in one visit endodontic.
Fiscal performance in monetary unions: How much austerity should be allowed?
Authors: Díaz-Roldán Carmen
Published: September 2016

The effectiveness of fiscal policy becomes particularly relevant in the case
of the member countries of a monetary union facing a sovereign debt crisis.
In that environment, fiscal policy is constrained by the need to carry out
fiscal consolidation and reduce debt levels. For that reason and with the
purpose of anchoring fiscal discipline, the adoption of fiscal rules has
become a central issue. In this paper we will analyse the management of
fiscal policies in monetary unions, when the central bank and the fiscal
authorities follow policy rules. The results are related to the
conservativeness of the central bank, the degree of austerity of the fiscal
authorities and the initial level of public debt.
Economic theories in competition: A new narrative of the debate on the General Economic Equilibrium theory in the 1930s
Authors: Marchionatti Roberto , Mornati Fiorenzo
Published: September 2016

The paper deals with the debate on the General Economic Equilibrium (GEE) in the 1930s in Vienna and at the London School of Economics and offers an interpretation of it different from that of the traditional narratives. It interprets the debate as a renewed confrontation between the two different classical methodological paths of research in GEE, the Paretian and the Walrasian ones. What emerges from this examination is a picture of different approaches and theories in competition, in particular on the issue of the relationship between theory and the real world. This was the fundamental issue at stake. Herein lies also the interest in those distant controversies for the current debate in economics.
New evidence of the health status and economic growth relationship
Authors: Monterubbianesi Pablo , Grandes Martín , Dabús Carlos
Published: September 2016

Over the last two decades, the role of health as a determinant of growth has been gaining ground in economic analysis due to longer average life expectancy at birth or lower infant mortality experienced in developing and fast-growing emerging economies. The empirical approach to this problem, based primarily on econometric analysis, has focused on two alternative approaches; the growth accounting models and the ?a la Barro? regressions. This study aims to measure the contribution of health to economic growth using a panel of 91 countries over the period 1960-2005, and to compare the estimated impact of better health status on long-run per capita income under those two approaches, controlling for potential endogeneity. Our main results show the marginal effect of the change in health status in the long-term income lies between 2.6% in the growth accounting models and 8.3% in the ?a la Barro? regressions. These results are consistent with the marginal effects we simulate and quantify using the health-growth point estimates found in earlier literature.
What drives sovereign debt maturity in European countries?
Authors: González-Fernández Marcos , González-Velasco Carmen
Published: September 2016

The aim of this paper is to study the determinants of sovereign debt maturity for 23 European countries during the period between 1995 and 2013. For this purpose, we use quantile regressions with robust standard errors clustered by countries to consider the impact of the determinants in the entire distribution. The results indicate a positive relation between the level of debt of the country and sovereign debt maturity, particularly for countries with the lowest debt maturity. We also find evidence of a negative relationship between sovereign risk and debt maturity for the lowest and intermediate values of the debt maturity.
Temporary Diplopia After Gow-Gates Injection: Case Report and Review
Authors: Fa Bernadette Alvear , Speaker Steven R. , Budenz Alan W.
Published: September 2016

Complications associated with various local anesthetic techniques have been recorded in case reports and reviews. This current case reports a transient incident of blurred, double vision (diplopia) following a Gow-Gates mandibular block injection. There is descriptive discussion on possibilities associated with intra-arterial injection, intravenous injection, diffusion through tissue planes, and the autonomic nervous system pathway to lend credence suggesting the etiology of the complication. For practitioners, recognizing when a complication arises from anesthesia delivery and managing the patient in an appropriate manner is essential to an overall agreeable outcome.
Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block Occurring After Tooth Extraction
Authors: Kamatani Takaaki , Akizuki Ayako , Kondo Seiji , Shirota Tatsuo
Published: September 2016

Although cardiac arrhythmias are occasionally associated with dental extractions and dental anesthesia, atrioventricular block is rarely seen during dental procedures. We report a rare case of type I second-degree atrioventricular block (Wenckebach phenomenon) occurring after bilateral extraction of impacted mandibular third molars under general anesthesia in a 16-year-old Japanese girl. Under consultation with a cardiovascular physician, we carefully monitored the patient's vital signs postoperatively, including blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and electrocardiogram, using a bedside monitor. Her postoperative course was uneventful. A 12-lead electrocardiogram the following day revealed no abnormality. In this case, we hypothesize that extubation of the nasotracheal tube or oral/pharyngeal suction might have triggered a vagal reflex that caused type I second-degree atrioventricular block. Our experience indicates that standard cardiovascular monitoring should be used for patients undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia, even for young, healthy patients, to prevent and detect cardiovascular emergencies.
Telephone survey to investigate relationships between onychectomy or onychectomy technique and house soiling in cats
Authors: Gerard Amanda F. , Larson Mandy , Baldwin Claudia J. , Petersen Christine
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine whether associations existed between onychectomy or onychectomy technique and house soiling in cats.

DESIGN Cross-sectional study.

SAMPLE 281 owners of 455 cats in Polk County, Iowa, identified via a list of randomly selected residential phone numbers of cat owners in that region.

PROCEDURES A telephone survey was conducted to collect information from cat owners on factors hypothesized a priori to be associated with house soiling, including cat sex, reproductive status, medical history, and onychectomy history. When cats that had undergone onychectomy were identified, data were collected regarding the cat's age at the time of the procedure and whether a carbon dioxide laser (CDL) had been used. Information on history of house soiling behavior (urinating or defecating outside the litter box) was also collected.

RESULTS Onychectomy technique was identified as a risk factor for house soiling. Cats for which a non-CDL technique was used had a higher risk of house soiling than cats for which the CDL technique was used. Cats that had undergone onychectomy and that lived in a multicat (3 to 5 cats) household were more than 3 times as likely to have house soiled as were single-housed cats with intact claws.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this cross-sectional study suggested that use of the CDL technique for onychectomy could decrease the risk of house soiling by cats relative to the risk associated with other techniques. This and other findings can be used to inform the decisions of owners and veterinarians when considering elective onychectomy for cats.
Glenohumeral Synovial Chondromatosis
Authors: Andrade Robert
Published: September 2016

A 20-year-old, right hand-dominant man reported to physical therapy with a history of deep anterior left shoulder pain. Radiographs, which were obtained after physical therapy was initiated, and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging showed the presence of numerous radio-opaque loose bodies that followed bone signal characteristics dispersed throughout the glenohumeral joint, leading to a diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(9):809. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0414
Effect of Body-Weight-Support Running on Lower-Limb Biomechanics
Authors: Neal Michael , Fleming Neil , Eberman Lindsey , Games Kenneth , Vaughan Jeremiah
Published: September 2016

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Background

Body-weight-support (BWS) running is increasing in popularity, despite limited evidence of its effects on running mechanics.

Objectives

To determine the effect of increasing BWS on lower-limb biomechanics during lower-body positive-pressure (LBPP) treadmill running.

Methods

Fourteen male recreational runners completed 15 randomized trials on an LBPP treadmill at 5 levels of BWS and 3 velocities (1-minute trials with 3-minute recovery). Knee and ankle kinematic data were recorded continuously via electrogoniometry. Synchronous in-shoe plantar-pressure data identified stride onset and quantified foot-segment forces. Data were recorded during the final 30 seconds of each trial and averaged over 10 consecutive stride cycles.

Results

Higher levels of BWS resulted in significantly (P<.001) increased stride duration, reduced stride frequency, and reduced ground contact time (GCT). In addition, normalized GCT (GCT/stride duration) was significantly reduced (P<.001), indicating increased flight time. Increasing BWS resulted in significant reductions (P<.001) in peak knee flexion and dorsiflexion and reduced overall knee and ankle range of motion during the stance phase.

Conclusion

Running on an LBPP treadmill alters lower-limb kinematics, resulting in reduced ankle and knee joint range of motion. In addition, increased BWS alters stride characteristics, resulting in shorter GCT and longer flight time. Clinicians must be aware of lower-limb kinematic alterations to provide safe and effective parameters for rehabilitation involving LBPP treadmills. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(9):784–793. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6503