bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Era uma vez um ministério do esporte...: seu financiamento e gasto nos governos Lula, Dilma e Temer
Authors: Carneiro Fernando Henrique Silva , Athayde Pedro Fernando Avalone , Mascarenhas Fernando
Published: November 2019

O texto tem como objetivo analisar o financiamento e gasto do Ministério do Esporte de 2003 a 2018, tendo por base os Governos Lula, Dilma e Temer. O estudo tem caráter quantitativo-qualitativo e se apoiou em levantamento documental, tendo sido analisado três indicadores sobre o financiamento e gasto com esporte. Em relação ao indicador fontes de financiamento identificamos que a maior parte do financiamento do Ministério do Esporte foi de recursos ordinários. No indicador magnitude do gasto ficou claro que a maior parte dos recursos autorizados no período foram contingenciados e os recursos gastos tiveram grande variação no período. O indicador de direção do gasto demonstrou que a maioria do gasto foi com Infraestrutura e Megaeventos esportivos, no Governo Lula a prioridade foi com Infraestrutura, no Governo Dilma foi com Megaeventos esportivos e no Governo Temer foi com Gestão e Infraestrutura.
Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: November 2019

Growth in sub-Saharan Africa is expected to pick up, though at a slower pace than previously expected. This revision reflects a more challenging external environment, continued output disruptions in oil-exporting countries, and a weaker-than-anticipated growth in South Africa. The challenge for the region is to boost growth to create jobs for the growing labor force, while protecting against debt vulnerabilities and risks from a difficult global environment.
Long-Term Macroeconomic Effects of Climate Change
Authors: Kahn Matthew , Mohaddes Kamiar , Ng Ryan , Pesaran M. , Raissi Mehdi , Yang Jui-Chung
Published: November 2019

We study the long-term impact of climate change on economic activity across countries, using a stochastic growth model where labor productivity is affected by country-specific climate variables—defined as deviations of temperature and precipitation from their historical norms. Using a panel data set of 174 countries over the years 1960 to 2014, we find that per-capita real output growth is adversely affected by persistent changes in the temperature above or below its historical norm, but we do not obtain any statistically significant effects for changes in precipitation. Our counterfactual analysis suggests that a persistent increase in average global temperature by 0.04°C per year, in the absence of mitigation policies, reduces world real GDP per capita by more than 7 percent by 2100. On the other hand, abiding by the Paris Agreement, thereby limiting the temperature increase to 0.01°C per annum, reduces the loss substantially to about 1 percent. These effects vary significantly across countries depending on the pace of temperature increases and variability of climate conditions. We also provide supplementary evidence using data on a sample of 48 U.S. states between 1963 and 2016, and show that climate change has a long-lasting adverse impact on real output in various states and economic sectors, and on labor productivity and employment.
The Political Costs of Reforms
Authors: Ciminelli Gabriele , Furceri Davide , Ge Jun , Ostry Jonathan , Papageorgiou Chris
Published: November 2019

Many countries are experiencing persistent, weak medium-term growth and limited fiscal space. Against this background, economic policy agendas—in both advanced and developing economies—are focusing increasingly on structural reforms. While there is broad agreement on the economic benefits of structural reforms, the political-economy of reform is less settled. This is because reforms may generate gains only in the longer term while distributional effects may be sizable in the short run, and because governments may lack political capital to confront vocal interest groups. In these circumstances, politicians may hold back on reforms, fearing they will be penalized at the ballot box. The aim of this Staff Discussion Note is to examine whether the fear of a political cost associated with structural reforms is justified by the available evidence, and whether there are lessons from the data about how reform strategies might be designed to mitigate potential political costs. It provides a major addition to recent IMF analysis examining the output and employment effect of reforms
May-Thurner syndrome: an uncommon and incidental finding in a postpartum female
Authors: Singh Navjot , Kaur Manjot , Jirankali Vivek
Published: November 2019

May-Thurner syndrome or Cockett syndrome is a pathological condition that arises due to extrinsic compression on iliocaval venous territory, leading to venous outflow obstruction. Here, author presents an incidental finding of left common iliac vein extrinsic compression by right common iliac artery with collateral vessels in the pelvis in a postpartum female.
Hounsfield unit density in the characterisation of bile duct lesions
Authors: Batur Abdussamet , Kerimoglu Ulku , Ataseven Huseyin
Published: November 2019

Purpose

To study the density of lesions in the lumens of extrahepatic bile ducts through computed tomography examinations, and to compare their characterisations with the results of pathology and/or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Methods

The density of lesions along extrahepatic bile ducts were measured and compared with pathology and/or ERCP. The lesions were evaluated in two main groups: benign or malignant. The bile duct wall enhancement, intrahepatic bile ducts, and gallbladder were also evaluated.

Results

The study was conducted with computed tomography scans of 197 cases (93 females, 104 males) who had optimal imaging. The results regarding density of extrahepatic intraductal lesions that were studied at BT were compared with pathology and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography results. Of 197 lesions, 125 (63.5%) were reported as benign and 72 (36.5%) were reported as malignant. The results for benign lesions showed an average density of 66.67 ± 17.30 Hounsfield units (HU), and for malignant lesions the average density was 82.38 ± 13.67 HU.

Conclusion

Lesion density level (HU) gives valuable information for the differentiation between benign and malign lesions in intraluminal extrahepatic bile ducts.
Effects of strengthening the Baltic Sea ECA regulations
Authors: Jonson Jan Eiof , Gauss Michael , Jalkanen Jukka-Pekka , Johansson Lasse
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Emissions of most land-based air pollutants in western Europe
have decreased in the last decades. Over the same period emissions from
shipping have also decreased, but with large differences depending
on species and sea area. At sea, sulfur emissions in the SECAs
(Sulphur Emission Control Areas) have decreased following the implementation
of a 0.1 % limit on sulfur in marine fuels from 2015. In Europe the North
Sea and the Baltic Sea are designated as SECAs by the International
Maritime Organisation (IMO). Model calculations assuming present (2016) and future (2030) emissions have
been made with the regional-scale EMEP model covering Europe and the
sea areas surrounding Europe, including the North Atlantic east of 30∘ W. The main focus in this paper is on the effects of ship
emissions from the Baltic Sea.
To reduce the influence of meteorological variability, all model
calculations are presented as averages for 3 meteorological years
(2014, 2015, 2016). For the Baltic Sea, model calculations have also been made
with higher sulfur emissions representative of year 2014 emissions. From Baltic Sea shipping the largest effects are calculated for NO2
in air, accounting for more than 50 % of the NO2 concentrations in central parts of the
Baltic Sea. In coastal zones contributions to NO2 and also nitrogen
depositions can be of the order of 20 % in some regions.
Smaller effects, up to 5 %–10 %, are also seen for PM2.5 in
coastal zones close to the main shipping lanes.
Country-averaged contributions from ships are small for large
countries that extend far inland like Germany and Poland, and larger for
smaller countries like Denmark and the Baltic states Estonia, Latvia, and
Lithuania, where ship emissions are among the largest contributors to
concentrations and depositions of anthropogenic origin.
Following the implementations of stricter SECA regulations, sulfur emissions
from Baltic Sea shipping now have virtually no effects on
PM2.5 concentrations and sulfur depositions in the Baltic Sea region. Adding to the expected reductions in air pollutants and depositions
following the projected reductions in European emissions, we expect that
the contributions from Baltic Sea shipping to NO2 and
PM2.5 concentrations, and to depositions of nitrogen, will be
reduced by 40 %–50 % from 2016 to 2030 mainly as a result of the Baltic
Sea being defined as a Nitrogen Emission Control Area from 2021. In most
parts of the Baltic Sea region ozone levels are expected to decrease from
2016 to 2030. For the Baltic Sea shipping, titration, mainly in winter, and
production, mainly in summer, partially compensate. As a result the
effects of Baltic Sea shipping on ozone are similar in 2016 and 2030.
Performance characteristics of a small water-hammer head pump
Authors: Manohar Krishpersad , Adeyanju Anthony Ademola , Vialva Kureem
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Many rural farming areas are located far from a reliable electricity supply; hence, obtaining a reliable source of water for crops and livestock can prove
to be an expensive venture. A water pump operating on the water-hammer
effect requires no external power source and can serve as an effective means
of pumping water to a higher altitude once a reliable supply is available. A
low-cost small water-hammer head pump was designed to operate on the water-hammer head
effect created by the sudden stoppage of a flowing fluid. This design
consisted of an inlet section followed by the pump body, a pressure section
and an outlet. The experimental set-up for testing the water-hammer head pump was
designed with a variable head input and an adjustable head output. For each
test configuration, a total of 10 samples of pump supply water and pump exhausted
water were collected. The water samples were collected for 30 s in each case.
The results showed a non-linear variation of water flow with respect to pump
outlet height. The pump was capable of delivering water to a maximum height
of 8 to 10 times the height of the input head. The pump operated at average
efficiencies of 26 %, 16 % and 6 % when the delivery height was 2, 4 and 6 times the input head height, respectively. There was a 5 %
incremental decrease in pump efficiency as the delivery height increased in
increments of the corresponding input head height.
Enhancement and validation of a state-of-the-art global hydrological model H08 (v.bio1) to simulate second-generation herbaceous bioenergy crop yield
Authors: Ai Zhipin , Hanasaki Naota , Heck Vera , Hasegawa Tomoko , Fujimori Shinichiro
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The bioenergy crop yield is a critical determinant of the bioenergy potential for various stringent climate change mitigation scenarios. Currently, the bioenergy crop yield is usually determined from a limited number of simulations. However, reliable yield simulation remains a challenge at the global scale. Here, through parameter calibration and algorithm improvement, we enhanced a state-of-the-art global hydrological model (H08) to simulate the bioenergy yield from dedicated the herbaceous bioenergy crops Miscanthus and switchgrass. Site-specific evaluations showed that the enhanced H08 had the ability to simulate yield for both Miscanthus and switchgrass, with the calibrated yields being well within the ranges of the observed yield. Independent country-specific evaluations further confirmed the performance of the enhanced H08. Using this improved model, we found that unconstrained irrigation more than doubled the yield of the rainfed condition, but reduced the water use efficiency (WUE) by 29 % globally. With irrigation, the yield in dry climate zones can exceed the rainfed yields in tropical climate zones. Nevertheless, due to the low water consumption in tropical areas, the highest WUE was found in tropical climate zones, regardless of whether the crop was irrigated.
Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North
American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium
(Lam. dogfennel)
Authors: Gordon D. Alex R. , Coenders-Gerrits Miriam , Sellers Brent A. , Sadeghi S. M. Moein , Van Stan II John T.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In vegetated landscapes, rain must pass through plant canopies and litter to enter soils. As a result, some rainwater is returned to the atmosphere (i.e., interception, I) and the remainder is partitioned into a canopy (and gap) drip flux (i.e., throughfall) or drained down the stem (i.e., stemflow). Current theoretical and numerical modelling frameworks for this process are near-exclusively based on data from woody overstory plants. However, herbaceous plants often populate the understory and are the primary cover for important ecosystems (e.g., grasslands and croplands). This study investigates how overstory throughfall (PT,o) is partitioned into understory I, throughfall (PT) and stemflow (PS) by a dominant forb in disturbed urban forests (as well as grass- and pasturelands), Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam., dogfennel). Dogfennel density at the site was 56,770 stems ha−1, enabling water storage capacities for leaves and stems of 0.90 ± 0.04 mm and 0.43 ± 0.02 mm, respectively. Median PT:PT,o was 72 % (59–91 % interquartile range). PS data were highly skewed, where mean PS:PT,o was 36.8 %, but the median was 7.6 % (2.8 %–27.2 % interquartile range). PS variability (n = 30 plants) was high (CV > 200 %) and may be explained by spatiotemporal patterns in PT,o (since no plant structural factors explained the variability). Mixed dew/light rain events occurred during the study period, revealing that dogfennel can capture and drain dew to their stem base as PS. Dew-induced PS may help explain dogfennel's improved invasion efficacy during droughts (as it tends to be one of the most problematic weeds in the southeastern US's improved grazing systems). Overall, dogfennel's rainfall partitioning differed markedly from the site's overstory trees (Pinus palustris), and a synthesis of current literature suggests that these differences may exist across vegetated ecosystems. Thus, more research on herbaceous plant canopy interactions with precipitation is merited.
"One man's bookshop": Juan de Treviño y el comercio de libros global en el siglo XVI
Authors: Maillard Álvarez Natalia
Published: November 2019

El artículo de Leonard Irving “One man's library, Manila, 1583”, publicado en 1947, se centraba en la transcripción y análisis de una lista de libros encontrada en el Archivo General de la Nación en México. La lista había sido remitida por la Inquisición de Manila, a donde los libros habían llegado procedentes de América. Debido a que la lista contiene solo un ejemplar de la mayoría de los títulos en ella inventariados, el gran hispanista estadounidense llegaba a la conclusión de que se trataba de una pequeña biblioteca transportada hasta las islas Filipinas para uso personal. El presente trabajo ofrecerá una revisión de este documento a la luz del conocimiento acumulado en las últimas décadas sobre el comercio de libros en la Monarquía Hispánica en el siglo XVI. La combinación de documentos procedentes de distintos archivos y países (tanto en Europa como en América), nos permite valorar dicho comercio como un fenómeno verdaderamente global y policéntrico, y estudiar el papel que agentes como el librero Juan de Treviño (a quien hacemos responsable del envío de los libros a Filipinas) tuvieron en el mismo.
“No hay término ni fin en hacer ni multiplicar los libros”: Las casas de impresores y la diversificación de la cultura libresca durante el siglo XVII en la capital novohispana
Authors: Morán Reyes Ariel Antonio
Published: November 2019

En este artículo se documenta el desarrollo y evolución de las imprentas emplazadas en el cuadro central de la Ciudad de México durante en el siglo XVII. Además, se consigna la ubicación de los locales de los más de treinta impresores que se establecieron en esta centuria en la capital novohispana, y se establece un análisis histórico-espacial que permite determinar, de manera dinámica, el ambiente y posibles influencias entre las casas de impresión en estos años. Algunas de las relaciones entre los impresores se derivaron de una localización cercana, pero también por sus nexos laborales, comerciales y familiares, por lo que cada uno de ellos estuvo vinculado con los otros, directa o indirectamente. Esto permite apreciar algunos casos concretos que han sido olvidados, por lo que traerlos a la memoria es recrear una serie de relaciones vivenciales sobre la imprenta y la historia del libro del siglo XVII y su conexión con la Ciudad de México actual. La intención es ahondar en las casas de impresión, y no sólo en una serie de referentes descriptivos. Si bien el periodo diecisietesco se destacó por ser un periodo de ínclitos bibliófilos y de bibliotecas insignes, otras de sus características en materia de impresos fueron: la conformación de dinastías de impresores encabezadas muchas veces por las viudas, la alternancia de actividades entre la impresión y la venta de libros, el incremento del número de impresores (muchos de ellos fugaces) en ésta y otras ciudades, y la diversificación de diseños y materiales para imprimir.
Miller at the Outpost: The Evolution of Social Warning inAn Enemy of the PeopleandThe Crucible
Authors: Ross Zackary
Published: November 2019

This article examines Arthur Miller's motivation to adapt Henrik Ibsen's An Enemy of the People shortly before he began work on The Crucible. In both texts, Miller explores themes of social warning and the responsibility of the individual to stand up to injustice. The article proposes that his failure to gain widespread audience attention with the earlier and lesser known text led the author to begin work on what has become a staple within the American dramatic canon. In effect, the two texts work in tandem, elucidating the threat posed to American democracy during the Communist witch hunts.
n. 40 - O AFASTAMENTO DOCENTE NAS REDES MUNICIPAIS NO BRASIL EM 2016: A PRECARIZAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO COMO HIPÓTESE EXPLICATIVA
Authors: Ferreira Denize Cristina Kaminski , Silva Marcus Quintanilha da
Published: November 2019

A precarização das condições de trabalho docente é de difícil mensuração, afetando não apenas a vida profissional, mas também as relações sociais fora da escola. Para ampliar o debate sobre o tema, este artigo apresenta um panorama dos afastamentos dos professores das redes municipais de ensino do país em 2016, a partir de 1.253.295 casos selecionados na Relação Anual de Informações Sociais – Rais, Infere-se, em diálogo com outras pesquisas, que a precarização das condições de trabalho do professor é uma das hipóteses explicativas para o fenômeno. Os resultados indicam que a educação infantil e as redes municipais das regiões Sudeste, Centro-Oeste e Sul têm o maior percentual de professores com afastamentos.
Nurses’ attitudes and behaviors during bachelor of nursing students’ clinical learning experiences
Authors: Keil Shauna L. , Ward Kathleen R.
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study aimed to examine the nurse-student relationship during clinical learning experiences.Methods: Students at all levels of a Bachelors nursing program completed the Nursing Student Perception of Civil and Uncivil Behaviors tool (NSPCUB) after clinical experiences during each semester over one calendar year at a small Midwestern university. The tool included 12 items, four demographic questions, and two qualitative questions.Results: A total of 302 surveys were returned. The majority of surveys were completed by second semester students on a medical-surgical unit. The majority of students had positive experiences. Night shift nurses had a significantly higher mean on two variables. There was also statistical significance between second and third semester students on two variables. There were no statistical differences between units and hospitals. Student’s comments were mostly positive, though negative experiences still occurred.Conclusions: Nurses can positively impact student’s clinical learning experiences. Students have both positive and negative experiences in the clinical setting. Several positive themes were identified including role modeling, skill acquisition/teaching, communication and critical thinking development. Negative themes also occurred including rudeness, feeling ignored and inappropriate behavior. Further research is recommended.
Breastfeeding Performance Among Potentially Depressed Nursing Mothers
Authors: Syam Azniah , Iskandar Imelda , Kadrianti Erna
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: The maternal process is vulnerable for women to fall in an anxiety state that refers to postpartum depression. When symptoms appear, the possibility of depression during pregnancy will have a direct impact on the initiation of early breastfeeding and the termination of early breastfeeding.

PURPOSES: This study aims to look at the relationship between the potential of postpartum depression and the performance of breastfeeding in nursing mothers. This study used a cross-sectional study approach, in one of the sub-districts in Makassar City with the lowest achievement of exclusive breastfeeding.

METHODS: The study subjects were postpartum mothers who fulfilled 225 eligibility sampling throughout the period March-August 2018. Sociodemographic, social support, obstetric variables, potential maternal postpartum depression, and breastfeeding performance assessment were collected and analyzed using the chi-square test and independent-sample t-test.

RESULTS: The study show that age (<0.001), work profile (<0.001), living property (<0.006), number of children (<0.001), and family support (<0.001) have been shown to influence maternal depression.

CONCLUSION: This study conclude that sociodemographic factors, especially economic vulnerability and social support, are risk factors for depression in nursing mothers. Although it did not appear to be different from breastfeeding performance between mothers who experienced depressive symptoms and anxiety, both felt the same of the obstacles to breastfeeding techniques. Therefore, this study recommend for all mother and child services to performed screening for depression symptom in term of pregnancy, and provide them skill for better lactation.
Capital Structure Adjustments and Asymmetric Information
Authors: Ripamonti Alexandre
Published: November 2019

The findings of this paper suggest another reason for capital structure adjustments besides the Trade-Off and Pecking Order theories propositions because asymmetric information impacts capital structure changes and deviations only for a quarter whilst stationarity impacts them for 4 quarters, even when controlled. Asymmetric information has been measured by Corwin-Schultz bid ask spread estimator and capital structure target as the mean of debt-to-equity ratio of 262 Nyse non-financial and non-regulated companies and their industries during 91 quarters. The data were analyzed with Johansen-Fisher panel cointegration. The capital structure deviations last from 2 to 4 quarters and move toward a target.
Calibration and Simulation of the CERES-Sorghum and CERES-Maize Models for Crops in the Central-West Region of Paraná State
Authors: Vieira Paulo Vinicius Demeneck , Freitas Paulo Sérgio Lourenço de , Rezende Roberto , Dallacort Rivanildo , Barbieri João Danilo , Daniel Diego Fernando
Published: November 2019

Simulation models have been widely used to generate yield data by forecasting climate variables and changes in growing seasons. The aim of this study was to calibrate genetic coefficients and simulate growth, development and yield in maize and sorghum crops based on historical meteorological data for the municipality of Juranda (2007 to 2013), in the central-west region of Paraná State, Brazil. Treatments were established based on three planting dates in two growing seasons for a group of super early maturity maize hybrids (DKB 330 Pro), and two groups of sorghum hybrids, the first a super early variety (ADV 123) and the second with a normal cycle (1G282). The variables assessed were number of days from planting to flowering, leaf area index (LAI), and 1000 seed weight and yield. Statistical coefficients were used to evaluate calibration accuracy. The results demonstrated that the models were highly efficient at simulating crop cycles, yield and leaf area index, with agreement indices and modeling efficiency values above 0.90. The results indicated that the CERES-Maize and CERES-Sorghum models generated satisfactory and comparative simulations of maize and sorghum yield for the study area on different planting dates.
Establishment of Sufficiency Ranges to Determine the Nutritional Status of ‘Gigante’ Forage Cactus Pear—Macronutrients
Authors: Alves Jean F. T. , Donato Sérgio L. R. , Donato Paulo E. R. , Silva João Abel da , Guimarães Bruno V. C.
Published: November 2019

Determining the sufficiency range of essential macronutrients in plants is of utmost importance for successfully diagnosing the crop’s nutrient demands, thereby improving fertilizer recommendations. The aim of this study was to establish the macronutrients ranges in the cladodes for the evaluation of the nutritional status of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. Macronutrients contents of cladodes and dry matter yield in 72 plots were used. The experiment consisted of four cattle manure rates (0, 30, 60, and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1), three spacings (1.00 × 0.50, 2.00 × 0.25, and 3.00 × 1.00 × 0.25 m) and two production cycles, arranged in a 4 × 3 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, and three replicates. Sufficiency ranges of plots with dry matter ≥ 19.93 Mg ha-1 cycle-1 were determined as well as the mathematical chance for plots with dry matter ≥ 23.75 Mg ha-1 cycle-1 and the critical level. The sufficiency ranges, critical level and mathematical chance are, respectively, for each nutrient in g kg-1: N, 12.7-18.5; 14.4; 15.5-19.7; P, 1.0-1.8; 1.0; 0.4-1.7; K, 31.6-44.1; 31.9; 33.7-39.7; Ca, 23.2-32.8; 24.6; 25.0-29.6; Mg, 9.5-14.3; 10.2; 7.4-14.0; and S, 1.1-2.0; 1,1; 1.0-1.8. The mathematical chance model was adequate for all macronutrients except for P and Mg which showed low sufficiency range values. Sufficiency range and critical level of nutrients are useful for diagnosing macronutrient contents and improving the nutritional status of ‘Gigante’ forage cactus pear.
Ultrastructural and Histochemical Changes in Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Leaves Exposed to Glyphosate
Authors: Bomfim Nayane C. P. , Silva Márcio S. , Camargos Liliane S. , Martins Aline R.
Published: November 2019

Is it transgenic soy, resistant to glyphosate, does not suffer any injury or stress in contact with this herbicide? Anatomic studies of plant tissue are necessary to answer this question. This study investigated the influence of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybean plants by analysis of leaf ultrastructure and histochemistry in a morphophysiological context. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using RR soybean seeds (Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cultivar BRS Valiosa) in pots containing vermiculite and washed sand (1:1). Between the phenological stages V2 and V4, two treatments with glyphosate [N-(fosfonometil) glicina] were sprayed once a week: recommended dose (5.0 mg ae plant-1) and control (0.0 mg ae plant-1), with four repetitions each. Samples of midrib and internervural area of the leaves were fixed, dehydrated in ethyl series and blocks were sectioned at a 5-10 μm thickness. The material was stained with toluidine blue 0.05% and blades mounted on “Entellan”. Glyphosate decreased the thickness of the adaxial epidermis, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma and total thickness of the leaf. Although, the diameter of companion cell was decreased with herbicide treatment, the diameter of the vase element increased, also increasing the size of the vascular bundle. Ultrastructural and histochemical changes caused by glyphosate can extend dysfunctions in the metabolic apparatus and plant relationship with the environment, given the inter-relation between tissue structure and its functions.
Determination of Competitiveness of a Dairy Production System in Family Farming by Management Systematization as an Extension Practice
Authors: Júnior César Otaviano Penna , Daher Rogério Figueiredo , Souza Paulo Marcelo de , Ponciano Niraldo José , Júnior Gercílio Alves de Almeida , Haddade Ismail Ramalho , Wendling Ivan Jannotti , Stida Wanessa Francesconi , Vidal Ana Kesia Faria , Freitas Rafael Souza
Published: November 2019

Through a case study, the goals of this paper were: First, to provide whether the technical and financial results were adequate to determine the competitiveness of family farming unit to response for enhancing its dairy production system. Second, to propose an alternative analysis methodology titled concentrate rationing to measure the financial performance of the dairy cows. Third, to provide a method to analyze the performance of technical assistance and rural extension. Data were collected by control spreadsheets on family farming unit in Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Indicators related to income and production costs were analyzed by Excel® software spreadsheets as well the concentrate rationing tool. Financial analysis evidenced that the intensification process resulted in an income increase of 92.5% in dairy sales and a reduction of 38% in the total cost of dairy production; however, the scale of production can be an obstacle for farmers to meet their business opportunities. The best financial results were achieved with the cows that showed the highest milk production and were fed the highest amount of concentrate, implying that the concentrate feeding can be an ally for the family farmer. The intensification process demonstrated be positive in meeting the production costs requirements provided that there is scale; the concentrate rationing tool sets a new perspective for the financial evaluation of a dairy farm; and the interaction between the extension technician and the farmer should bring knowledge so that the family farming becomes the main character in the production structure of the dairy supply chain.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 11, No. 18
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: November 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 11, No. 18, 2019.
Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis
Authors: Lizzi Jared , Hill Tyler , Jakubowski Julian
Published: November 2019

Varicella zoster virus in the adult patient most commonly presents as shingles. Shingles is a painful vesicular eruption localized to a specific dermatome of the body. One of the potential complications of this infection is involvement of the central nervous system causing encephalitis. An increased risk of this complication is associated with the immunocompromised patient. In this case report, we review the history and physical exam findings that should raise clinical suspicion for varicella zoster encephalitis, as well as the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prognosis of this type of infection.
Sun and Shadow, 1955: cinco obras de Josep Maria Sostres que aprendieron de un libro
Authors: García Estévez Carolina Beatriz
Published: November 2019

Es posible reseguir la estela del libro Sun and Shadow (1955) a lo largo de la producción de toda una generación de arquitectura española de los años 50. A propósito de Marcel Breuer, Sostres escribiría uno de sus mejores ensayos críticos, Creación Arquitectónica y manerismo (1955), en el que reconocería: “No creemos, no obstante, que la fidelidad a la obra de un gran maestro excluya una aportación e incluso una poética personal”. Una poética que se valida sólo y desde el trabajo, y que situaría cinco obras del arquitecto catalán -la casa Agustí (1953), la Casa Alonso (1955) en Ciudad Diagonal, los Apartamentos en Torrebembarra (1955), la Casa Iranzo (1956) y la MMI (1957)- a la sombra del legado del arquitecto americano.

It is possible to trace the wake of the book Sun and Shadow (1955) throughout the production of an entire generation of Spanish architecture of the 50s. Sostres would write one of his best critical essays about Marcel Breuer, Architectural Creation and Mannerism (1955), in which he would recognize: “We do not believe, however, that fidelity to the work of a great master excludes a personal contribution and even a personal poetics”. A poetics that can only be validated from the work, and that would place five works of the Catalan architect in the shadow of the legacy of the American architect.
Moderno mundano
Authors: Castellanos Gómez Raúl
Published: November 2019

Con motivo de la publicación del libro de Carla Sentieri, Valencia: vivienda y ciudad abierta. Jaime Roig. Historia de una calle, este artículo contextualiza sus aportaciones en el marco de la arquitectura española de los años sesenta, y, en especial, de la vivienda burguesa en la ciudad de Valencia. Su evolución desde la construcción entre medianeras característica del ensanche hacia la edificación abierta en los nuevos barrios, los modelos impuros derivados de la torre o el bloque modernos, las ambigüedades distributivas de las viviendas y su tripartición interior, la apertura y la domesticidad de las plantas bajas, son algunos de los temas tratados en el libro que aquí se presentan sintéticamente.

On the occasion of the publication of Carla Sentieri’s book, Valencia: housing and open city. Jaime Roig. History of a street, this article contextualizes its contributions within the framework of the Spanish architecture of the sixties and especially of the bourgeois housing in the city of Valencia.
Lo que en los libros no se ve: un elogio del viaje
Authors: Granell Trias Enrique
Published: November 2019

Estas notas quieren ser la reivindicación del viaje como experiencia didáctica de primer orden. Si en las aulas, como en un laboratorio, podemos aislar los diferentes aspectos que un edificio presenta e incluso podemos ocultar aquellos que presenten contradicciones con el relato general de una lección, la visita directa, el estar allí respirando el mismo aire en el que la arquitectura se produce nos instala en la simultaneidad que la arquitectura siempre ha sido.

These notes want to be the vindication of the trip as a major didactic experience. If in the classrooms we can isolate the different aspects that a building presents and even hide those that present contradictions, being there breathing the same air in which the architecture is produced installs us in the simultaneity that architecture has always been.
Reflexiones sobre la transparencia estructural
Authors: Linares de la Torre Óscar , Albareda Valls Albert
Published: November 2019

Desde la antigüedad hasta el siglo XIX la estructura portante tiene un papel fundamental en la definición del espacio arquitectónico. Sin embargo, la irrupción del acero como material estructural y del vidrio como cerramiento transparente durante el siglo XIX permite disociar ambas funciones en dos sistemas constructivos totalmente diferentes. La arquitectura moderna, a través de la cubierta plana y la planta libre, hace de esta dicotomía su estandarte: nunca antes en la historia de la arquitectura, la estructura vertical había adquirido una autonomía total con respecto al cerramiento, pudiendo éste ser totalmente transparente. La voluntad de disponer de cerramientos de vidrio de cada vez mayores dimensiones, hace que la industria del vidrio evolucione considerablemente a finales del siglo XX. Esta evolución tecnológica deriva en una mejora importantísima de las prestaciones mecánicas del vidrio, que permite empezar a plantear su uso como elemento estructural: por primera vez en la historia de la construcción es posible emplear un material transparente como estructura. Estructura y cerramiento vuelven a unificarse como en la antigüedad, pero esta vez lo hacen en un elemento totalmente transparente. La estructura, entendida como aquel elemento autónomo y claramente identificable propio de la arquitectura moderna, parece entonces haber desaparecido. El objetivo del presente artículo es señalar de qué modo afecta el uso del vidrio como material estructural en la relación de dicotomía entre el sistema de cerramiento espacial y el sistema estructural que ha caracterizado a la arquitectura moderna.

Since ancient times until the nineteenth Century, structure plays a fundamental role in the definition of architectural space. Nevertheless, the appearance of steel for structural purposes and glass as transparent enclosure allows dissociating both functions in two different constructive systems. Modern Architecture makes this dichotomy one of its standards. At the end of the twentieth Century, the mechanical capabilities of glass were so improved that its structural application became possible. Structure and enclosure became unified again as in ancient times, although through a fully transparent element now. Structure, understood as the autonomous and clearly identified element of the Architecture of modernity, seems to be disappeared. The aim of this paper is to point out how the use of the glass as structural material affects the relation between the spatial enclosure system and the structural system that has characterized the modern architecture.
Datos de la revista, Consejo de Redacción y Normas editoriales.
Authors: Rodríguez Rius Daniel
Published: November 2019

Datos de la revista, Consejo de Redacción y Normas editoriales.
Indice
Authors: Rodríguez Rius Daniel
Published: November 2019

Indice v26
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: November 2019

Welcome to the November 2019 issue of C&RL News. Many academic libraries have begun focusing efforts on addressing the mental health and well being of their populations. Marshall University in West Virginia, one of the states hit hardest by the recent opioid crises, focused on their libraries as mental health safe spaces. Sabrina Thomas and Kacy Lovelace discuss their collaborative campus project in “Combining efforts.” Learn more about resources available for “Mental health awareness” in this month’s Internet Resources article by Emily Underwood.
From cradle to grave: The life cycle of a digital learning object
Authors: Beech Valerie , Kowalik Eric
Published: November 2019

Most librarians have probably experienced finding that a website they liked has disappeared, perhaps a video on YouTube, a tutorial, or even just an informative webpage. Sometimes the URL has simply changed, and the item can be found again. Other times the item has truly been retired. Without trying to track down the original creator or hosting body, we may never know exactly what happened nor why. Since we also place links to some of these items on our library webpages, disappearing websites create broken links or “link rot.” Librarians are also creators of some of these disappearing websites.
Building bridges with book club: Supporting international students’ comfort and belonging on campus
Authors: Jansen Annie
Published: November 2019

An evolving issue that many universities face is the challenge of a welcoming and comfortable campus climate for international students. Host to more than 1 million students in 2018, the United States remains the top destination of international students globally. Many foreign students go to large institutions, but increasingly students from China, India, Saudi Arabia, and other countries enroll at smaller institutions or satellite campuses of state schools. More than 40% of international students studying in the United States in 2018 were at baccalaureate degree granting institutions.
Comportamento espaço-temporal de variáveis limnológicas em área de proteção ambiental no ecossistema Amazônico
Authors: Bianchi Guilherme Bessa , Svierzoski Nicoly Dal Santo , Andrade Nara Luísa Reis de
Published: November 2019

A expansão urbana atrelada a falta de ordenamento acarreta grandes impactos ao meio ambiente, sobretudo aos ambientes aquáticos. O presente estudo objetivou analisar o comportamento espaço-temporal de variáveis limnológicas e o Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) em dois ambientes lênticos do Parque Ecológico Municipal (PEM) Lagoas dos Buritis, em Ji-Paraná, Rondônia. Foram realizadas análises entre maio de 2016 e março de 2017, seguindo a sazonalidade da região com base na série histórica  de vazão do rio Ji-Paraná, disponibilizada pela Agência Nacional de águas. As variáveis limnológicas analisadas foram: temperatura, potencial Hidrogênionico, oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, clorofila-a, nitrito e nitrogênio amoniacal.  Foram realizadas análises multivariadas (Teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, teste paramétrico de Tukey, e teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis e Wilcoxon pareado) para possível investigação espaço-temporal do ambiente em estudo. Os resultados foram confrontados com a Resolução do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA nº 357/2005. Os resultados indicam que o ambiente aquático apresentou hipoxia, com valores médios de oxigênio dissolvido variando de 0,36 mg.L-1 a 2,48 mg.L-1, com susceptibilidade de ocorrência de floração de algas, com valor de clorofila-a de até 27,7 μg.L-1,estando ambas as variáveis em desacordo com os parâmetros do CONAMA nº 357/05. As classes do IET variaram de mesotrófico à supereutrófico. Tais resultados evidenciaram que as lagoas do PEM de Ji-Paraná estão sendo impactadas pela atividade urbana de suas imediações.
The (Inter)cultural Missing Link in Conference Interpreting
Authors: Leal Lobato Ana l.
Published: November 2019

The second half of the twentieth century brought about increased international contacts between people from different origins, which led to changes in the translation studies landscape, impacting conference interpreters as well. Although interpreting scholars acknowledge that interpreters are both linguistic and intercultural mediators, at first glance, culture and intercultural mediation appear to be neglected in the domain of conference interpreting, unlike the domains of community and sign language interpreting.

In this paper, I conduct an analysis on how the established professional discourse and the scholarly literature have portrayed culture and intercultural mediation in conference interpreting. The analysis reveals various conceptualizations of culture and different stances regarding intercultural mediation. Amongst them, reductionist conceptualizations of culture seem to dominate; conceptualizations that have informed the conference interpreting pedagogy. However, this state of affairs contrasts sharply with the current culturally diverse interpreting landscape, what might have an impact on practice and professional identity.
A single clonal lineage of transmissible cancer identified in two marine mussel species in South America and Europe
Authors: Yonemitsu Marisa A , Giersch Rachael M , Polo-Prieto Maria , Hammel Maurine , Simon Alexis , Cremonte Florencia , Avilés Fernando T , Merino-Véliz Nicolás , Burioli Erika AV , Muttray Annette F , Sherry James , Reinisch Carol , Baldwin Susan A , Goff Stephen P , Houssin Maryline , Arriagada Gloria , Vázquez Nuria , Bierne Nicolas , Metzger Michael J
Published: November 2019

Transmissible cancers, in which cancer cells themselves act as an infectious agent, have been identified in Tasmanian devils, dogs, and four bivalves. We investigated a disseminated neoplasia affecting geographically distant populations of two species of mussels (Mytilus chilensis in South America and M. edulis in Europe). Sequencing alleles from four loci (two nuclear and two mitochondrial) provided evidence of transmissible cancer in both species. Phylogenetic analysis of cancer-associated alleles and analysis of diagnostic SNPs showed that cancers in both species likely arose in a third species of mussel (M. trossulus), but these cancer cells are independent from the previously identified transmissible cancer in M. trossulus from Canada. Unexpectedly, cancers from M. chilensis and M. edulis are nearly identical, showing that the same cancer lineage affects both. Thus, a single transmissible cancer lineage has crossed into two new host species and has been transferred across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and between the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
Interhemispherically dynamic representation of an eye movement-related activity in mouse frontal cortex
Authors: Sato Takashi R , Itokazu Takahide , Osaki Hironobu , Ohtake Makoto , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Sohya Kazuhiro , Maki Takakuni , Sato Tatsuo K
Published: November 2019

Cortical plasticity is fundamental to motor recovery following cortical perturbation. However, it is still unclear how this plasticity is induced at a functional circuit level. Here, we investigated motor recovery and underlying neural plasticity upon optogenetic suppression of a cortical area for eye movement. Using a visually-guided eye movement task in mice, we suppressed a portion of the secondary motor cortex (MOs) that encodes contraversive eye movement. Optogenetic unilateral suppression severely impaired contraversive movement on the first day. However, on subsequent days the suppression became inefficient and capability for the movement was restored. Longitudinal two-photon calcium imaging revealed that the regained capability was accompanied by an increased number of neurons encoding for ipsiversive movement in the unsuppressed contralateral MOs. Additional suppression of the contralateral MOs impaired the recovered movement again, indicating a compensatory mechanism. Our findings demonstrate that repeated optogenetic suppression leads to functional recovery mediated by the contralateral hemisphere.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulates the circadian clock
Authors: Brenna Andrea , Olejniczak Iwona , Chavan Rohit , Ripperger Jürgen A , Langmesser Sonja , Cameroni Elisabetta , Hu Zehan , De Virgilio Claudio , Dengjel Jörn , Albrecht Urs
Published: November 2019

Circadian oscillations emerge from transcriptional and post-translational feedback loops. An important step in generating rhythmicity is the translocation of clock components into the nucleus, which is regulated in many cases by kinases. In mammals, the kinase promoting the nuclear import of the key clock component Period 2 (PER2) is unknown. Here, we show that the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulates the mammalian circadian clock involving phosphorylation of PER2. Knock-down of Cdk5 in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the main coordinator site of the mammalian circadian system, shortened the free-running period in mice. CDK5 phosphorylated PER2 at serine residue 394 (S394) in a diurnal fashion. This phosphorylation facilitated interaction with Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and nuclear entry of the PER2-CRY1 complex. Taken together, we found that CDK5 drives nuclear entry of PER2, which is critical for establishing an adequate circadian period of the molecular circadian cycle. Of note is that CDK5 may not exclusively phosphorylate PER2, but in addition may regulate other proteins that are involved in the clock mechanism. Taken together, it appears that CDK5 is critically involved in the regulation of the circadian clock and may represent a link to various diseases affected by a derailed circadian clock.
Temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient for mixed semiconducting and metallic single-wall carbon nanotube bundles
Authors: Hayashi Daisuke , Nakai Yusuke , Kyakuno Haruka , Miyata Yasumitsu , Yanagi Kazuhiro , Maniwa Yutaka
Published: November 2019

The temperature (T) dependence of the Seebeck coefficient (S) for single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundles was systematically investigated as a function of the chemical potential (μ) through theoretical simulations employing non-equilibrium Green’s function theory. The bundles were modeled as laterally aligned parallel circuits of semiconducting and metallic SWCNTs. The T dependence of S varied substantially with μ and with metallic SWCNT content. The calculated results semi-quantitatively reproduced the typical behavior observed experimentally for SWCNT films with chemical doping reported previously.