bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Sensitivity to Glyphosate of Euphorbia davidii Populations
Authors: NÚÑEZ FRÉ F.R. , JUAN V.F. , YANNICCARI M. , SAINT ANDRÉ H.M. , FERNANDEZ R.R.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: Euphorbia davidii (Euphorbiaceae) is a summer annual weed present in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity to glyphosate of different populations of Euphorbia davidii. Two techniques were used: a seed bioassay and shikimate determination in glyphosate-treated plants. Germination rates of seeds belonging to the populations from Espartillar, Barrow, Olavarria and Azul exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate were compared. Plants from the same locations treated with glyphosate were evaluated to determine shikimate levels. The most sensitive population was from Espartillar, with a CE50 (average effective concentration) of 4.00 g e.a. L-1. Based on this finding, the resistance index for each population was 1.76, 2.39 and 2.48 for Azul, Olavarria and Barrow respectively. Regarding glyphosate-treated plants in which shikimate levels were determined, a significant increase in the concentration of this metabolite was only observed in the population from Espartillar. Accumulation of shikimate was not detected in the other groups. These results show differential sensitivity to glyphosate of the evaluated populations.
Morphometry and Germination of Passovia pyrifolia, Struthanthus marginatus and Phoradendron mucronatum Diaspores
Authors: AZEVEDO J.M.L. , SANTOS C.G.G. , CAIRES C.S. , ARAÚJO NETO J.C. , SOUZA R.C.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: The goal of this work was to characterize morphometrically diaspores from three species of mistletoes (Passovia pyrifolia, Struthanthus marginatus e Phoradendron mucronatum), as well as to study its germination behavior according to temperature and luminosity. In germination tests, the completely randomized design was used, in factor scheme 4 x 2, with 4 replications of 15 diaspores. The factors for the first test were different temperatures and two diaspore conditions (intact and without epicarp). In the second test, factors were different light qualities and two diaspore conditions. The analyzed variables were: germination percentage, germination rate index (GRI) and mean germination time (MGT). Mistletoe’s diaspores present an elliptic shape with viscin layer, an essential characteristic for the dispersion of the species. In addition to this, they present a distinction as for the moisture content when compared to the Loranthaceae and Viscaceae, where the latter presents the highest content. Germination is greater at the alternated temperature of 20-30 oC for P. pyrifolia and P. mucronatum diaspores and 20 oC for S. marginatus. Luminosity interfered in the germination of P. mucronatum and S. marginatus but did not influence P. pyrifolia. The diaspore condition influenced the germination of the three studied species, observing a significant increase in their germination when the epicarp was removed. Temperature and luminosity interfere directly in the GRI and MGT of the three mistletoes species.
Performance of Crops Grown in Succession to Soybeans Treated with Different Residual Herbicides
Authors: SOUSA J.B. , TEIXEIRA M.B. , JAKELAITIS A. , CUNHA F.N. , SILVA N.F.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: Herbicides with residual effect applied in soybeans may affect the productivity of late harvest crops grown in succession. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of adzuki bean crops, crambe, millet and palisade grass pasture grown in succession to soybean crop treated with residual herbicides, as well as assess the contribution in weed management. Four trials were conducted in field conditions at the soybean crop in the harvest and then succeeded by adzuki bean crops, crambe, millet and palisade grass as late harvest. An experimental design was adopted in a randomized block arrangement with four replications and nine treatments represented by the application of residual herbicides: imazethapyr (1.0 and 1.5 L ha-1), chlorimuron (60 and 90 g ha-1), fomesafen (1.0 and 1.5 L ha-1) and chloransulan methyl (74.6 and 71.4 g ha-1) and without herbicide control, kept in manual weeding. The herbicides were efficient in weed control in soybeans, not affecting crop yield. However, there was no residual activity of herbicides contribution in reducing infestation in the late harvest crops. The herbicides did not promote phytotoxicity to crops of crambe, beans, millet and palisadegrass pasture when they were compared with the other treatments. The beans treated with methyl chloransulan, regardless of dose, showed a higher yield. The absence of phytotoxicity to crops can be associated with rainfall incident on soybens which contributed to the dissipation of herbicides.
Bioherbicidal Assessment of Aqueous Extracts of Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) on Weeds Control and Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat
Authors: SHAH R.H. , BALOCH M.S. , KHAN A.A. , IJAZ M. , ZUBAIR M.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: Two-year field experiments were conducted to investigate the phytotoxicity of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) on weed control and yield of wheat in 2013-14 and 2014-15. Mesquite aqueous extracts were prepared with 10, 20, 30 and 40% concentration of leaves, stems, and roots and were compared with tap water (control). These experiments were laid out in a completely randomized block design with four replications. All parameters (weed density, fresh weed biomass, dry weed biomass, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, plant height and number of tillers) were significantly reduced by applying the mesquite extracts. Among different concentrations, the maximum level (40%) of all three plant parts of mesquite subsequently reduced the study parameters including weed density, fresh and dry weed biomass, leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, chlorophyll contents, plant height, number of tillers, spike length, number of grains, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and grain protein content. On the basis of the results, it is concluded that aqueous extracts of mesquite may contain many phytotoxic substances which can negatively affect the growth and yield of agricultural crops; therefore, wheat should not be planted close to mesquite.
Sticky Nightshade Infestation and Dispersion on an Integrated Soybean-Eucalyptus System at Subtropical Brazil
Authors: DEISS L. , MORAES A. , PELISSARI A. , PORFÍRIO-DA-SILVA V. , DOMINSCHEK R.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: Trees in integrated crop-livestock systems can reduce infestation and dispersion of weeds because of a negative interference promoted by competition for light, water and nutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the infestation and dispersion of sticky nightshade (Solanum sisymbriifolium) in soybean in different positions between eucalyptus (Eucalyptus dunnii) double rows [20 m x (4 m x 3 m)] in an integrated crop-livestock system at Subtropical Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with nine replications, and five equidistant positions between double rows (n=45) as treatments. Sticky nightshade was evaluated for infestation through biomass, plant density (reproductive and vegetative plants), and for dispersion by the flower, fruit, seeds per fruit, and 100 seed weight. Soybean was analyzed for grain yield. Eucalyptus promoted a negative interference in sticky nightshade infestation and dispersion as well as in soybean yield, to a greater extent closer to the tree component.
MAPVOICE: COMPUTATIONAL TOOL TO AID IN LEARNING CARTOGRAPHY FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED
Authors: Barbosa Leonardo Carlos , de Sá Lucilene Antunes Correia Marques
Published: March 2018

Abstract: In Brazil, the LDB - Law of Guidelines and Bases nº. 9394(Brazil, 1996) and the PCN - National Curricular Parameters, determines that the Geography discipline is recognized as autonomous and should not be understood as a complement to other disciplines. In this way, the improvement in Geography teaching passes through cartographic literacy. The focus is on offering the student the capacity to carry out the appropriation, analysis, reflection and criticism on geographical space. In this way, this paper presents a resource that consisted of the development of the application called MapVoice. The purpose of the software is to enable Blind or visually impaired students, from basic education, in the learning of Cartography in Geography classes. MapVoice provides the understanding and interpretation of physical environments transformed into thematic maps based on data from the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census executed by IBGE. The software used sound and image resources developed for Windows environment. The research concludes that it is necessary to prepare the infrastructure of the schools for the reception of these students, but mainly the continuing training of teachers and teaching assistants. Mapvoice was tested at the Institute of the Blind for validation, achieving a satisfactory result and making enthusiasm for the development of new researches.
Low-rise structures in reinforced concrete: approximation of material nonlinearity for global stability analysis
Authors: MOREIRA L. M. , MARTINS C. H.
Published: March 2018

Abstract In the analysis of the second-order global effects, the material nonlinearity (NLF) can be considered in an approximate way, defining for the set of each structural element a mean flexural stiffness. However, there is less research concerning low-rise buildings in the analysis of global stability in contrast to high buildings, because these have a greater sensitivity to this phenomenon and they are more studied. In this way, the paper objective is to determine the flexural stiffness values, of beams and columns, for buildings with less than four floors, to approximate consideration of the NLF in the global analysis. The idealized examples to buildings with 1, 2 and 3 floors, being simulated through the software CAD/TQS and an analysis model based in an iterative process. The simulations results defined the stiffness values of the set of beams and columns in each example, followed by a statistical analysis to define general values of application in the buildings. Finally, a proposal is suggested of stiffness reduction coefficients for beams and columns to be adopted in the approximation the NLF (EIsec = αv/p ∙ Eci Ic), as follows: buildings with 1 floor (αv = 0,17 and αp = 0,66), buildings with 2 floors (αv = 0,15 and αv = 0,71) and buildings with 3 floors (αv = 0,14 and αv = 0,72). The results obtained can be used for the analysis of low-rise structures to consider the second order global effects with more safely.
Combined axial and flexural loads in short reinforced concrete columns in fire: ultimate limit state curves using 500 °C isotherm method
Authors: SUAZNABAR J. S. , SILVA V. P.
Published: March 2018

Abstract Ultimate limit state curves of short reinforced concrete columns in fire situation are going to be presented in this paper. The authors created a code developed in Matlab. It makes a discretization of the cross sections of the columns and calculates the equilibrium integrals of them. The curves were plotted with the code considering the 500 °C isotherm method.
Holistic Conversational Assistants
Authors: Ortiz Charles L.
Published: March 2018

This column describes work being done at Nuance Communications in developing virtual personal assistants (VPAs) that can engage in extended task‐centered dialogues and that involve the coordination of many complex modules, along with conversational and collaborative support to such VPAs.
Large‐Scale Occupational Skills Normalization for Online Recruitment
Authors: Hoang Phuong , Mahoney Thomas , Javed Faizan , McNair Matt
Published: March 2018

Job openings often go unfilled despite a surfeit of unemployed or underemployed workers. One of the main reasons for this disparity is a mismatch between the skills required by employers and the skills that workers possess. This mismatch, also known as the skills gap, can pose socioeconomic challenges for an economy. A first step in alleviating the skills gap is to accurately detect skills in human capital data such as resumes and job ads. Comprehensive and accurate detection of skills facilitates analysis of labor market dynamics. It also helps bridge the divide between supply and demand of labor by facilitating reskilling and workforce training programs. In this article, we describe SKILL, a named entity normalization (NEN) system for occupational skills. SKILL is composed of (1) a skills tagger, which uses properties of semantic word vectors to recognize and normalize relevant skills, and (2) a skill entity sense disambiguation component, which infers the correct meaning of an identified skill. We discuss the technical design and the synergy between data science and engineering that was required to transform the system from a research prototype to a production service that serves customers from across the organization. We also discuss establishing customer feedback loops, which led to improvements to the system over time. SKILL is currently used by various internal teams at CareerBuilder for big data workforce analytics, semantic search, job matching, and recommendations.
The First MicroRTS Artificial Intelligence Competition
Authors: Ontañón Santiago , Barriga Nicolas A. , Silva Cleyton R. , Moraes Rubens O. , Lelis Levi H. S.
Published: March 2018

This article presents the results of the first edition of the microRTS AI competition, which was hosted by the IEEE Computational Intelligence in Games (CIG) 2017 conference. The goal of the competition is to spur research on AI techniques for real‐time strategy (RTS) games. In this first edition, the competition received three submissions, each addressing problems such as balancing long‐term and short‐term search, using machine learning to learn how to play against certain opponents, and finally, dealing with partial observability in RTS games.
A Retrospective on Mutual Bootstrapping
Authors: Riloff Ellen , Jones Rosie
Published: March 2018

This retrospective article discusses the mutual bootstrapping technique for weakly supervised learning of extraction patterns and semantic lexicons from unstructured text, originally published in AAAI'99 (Riloff and Jones 1999). We present an overview of the mutual bootstrapping approach, describe related research that has followed from the original work, and discuss lessons learned about bootstrapped learning for natural language processing.
Anhydrite, blast-furnace slag and silica fume composites: properties and reaction products
Authors: Guerra-Cossío Miguel A. , González-López Javier R. , Magallanes-Rivera Ricardo X. , Zaldívar-Cadena Antonio A. , Figueroa-Torres Mayra Z.
Published: March 2018

Mixtures of a composite binder based on anhydrite synthesised from waste plaster from the ceramics industry complemented with granulated blast-furnace slag (BFS) and silica fume (SF) were studied. Small additions of potassium sulfate, calcium hydroxide and Portland cement clinker were used as chemical activators. The addition of BFS and SF to the systems was found to improve the properties and hinder the dissolution of gypsum in wet environments. The presence of ettringite was visually verified by scanning electron microscopy. The samples did not show considerable expansion or loss of mechanical properties for up to 56 d. The strength obtained by the compounds after 56 d was ∼20 MPa, far exceeding the typical compressive strength of gypsum plaster (about 4 MPa). The main hydrated products were gypsum, ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate type products.
Preparation of SiCp/Al–Si composites
Authors: Aiqin Wang , Hanwei Tian , Jingpei Xie
Published: March 2018

In this study, billets of silicon carbide particle (SiCp)/aluminum (Al)–silicon (Si) composites were prepared by the one-way press method. The cold billets were sintered in nitrogen atmosphere and hot extruded. The effect of different holding pressures and holding times and the duration of different applied pressure on cold-press billet were studied. Moreover, the influence of the different extrusion ratios and extrusion speeds on the composite bars was studied. The microstructure and tensile strength of materials were affected by the heat treatment temperature. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and tensile stress measurements. Results show that the cold-press billet is most intact when it is pressed at 500 MPa for 30 min and incubated for 30 min. In the process of hot extrusion, the surface of composite bar is smoothest when the extrusion temperature, ratio and speed are, respectively, 480°C, 15:1 and 1 mm/s. Compared with cold-press billet, the density of the composite is increased significantly from 78·84 to 98·86% after hot extrusion. As solid solute at 500°C for 4 h and then aging at 190°C for 6 h, the tensile strength of the composite is best, reaching up to 280·42 MPa.
The case for inclusive area profiling applied in geographic information systems
Authors: Giupponi Noemi , Thomson Craig , Gibson Lesley
Published: March 2018

This paper introduces the history and role of consultation processes of contemporary planning and, after presenting the popularity and criticisms of different practices including communities in urban decision making, it explores how rational planning tools like the geographic information system (GIS) could be exploited to reshape consultation and formally include subjective data in traditional area profiling. Focusing on the popular consultation tool of community mapping, primary and secondary research methods (a literature review, seven interviews to planners and two observational studies) identified seven different problems with contemporary community mapping: spatial and temporal scale, generalisation, integration, representativeness, accessibility, relatedness and visualisation. The conceptualisation, physical modelling and testing of a new community mapping procedure ‘Submap’ is then used to address these problems and discuss (a) the strengths and limitations of formalising community mapping activities for area profiling in GIS and (b) the role of pragmatic research in promoting inclusive practices in contemporary planning.
Exploring the collapse of buildings in urban settings
Authors: Boateng Festival Godwin
Published: March 2018

The paper explores building collapses at the cross-cutting edges of urban sustainability and the socio-economic and political–cultural influences of vulnerability for the phenomenon – in departure from the traditional conceptualisation of the phenomenon as an ‘engineering’ problem. It confers insights into the influences of vulnerability for building collapse in the urban context and makes a case for a deeper level of analysis that places measures to tackle building failures within a comprehensive understanding of the vulnerabilities they are supposed to reduce.
Column–beam moment capacity ratio and seismic risk of reinforced concrete frame building
Authors: Mistri Abhijit , Sarkar Pradip , Davis Robin
Published: March 2018

The major international design codes recommend a minimum value of the column–beam moment capacity ratio (MCR) to ensure a preferred collapse mechanism in multi-storey buildings. The aim of the work presented in this paper was to understand the basis of the discrete values of the MCR recommended in design codes through a probability-based seismic risk assessment method. The results obtained suggest that MCR criteria need not be imposed for buildings located in low-seismicity zones as other design criteria ensure an acceptable level of safety for buildings in these seismic zones. On the other hand, it was found that even a very high MCR cannot ensure a preferred collapse mechanism for buildings in zones of higher seismicity. The code approach of a single value of the MCR is therefore not adequate for consistent performance in different seismic zones or for performance objectives.
Flutuação populacional de Enetylia Carinata (Hemiptera: Membracidae) na cultura da videira nos municípios de Bento Gonçalves e Pinto Bandeira, RS
Authors: Mondoloni David Ramos Lombardi , Peruzzo Liéven , Palma Mariana Morales Aragão , Azevedo Filho Wilson Sampaio de
Published: March 2018

Os Membracidae são hemípteros popularmente conhecidos como soldadinhos ou cigarrinhas, caracterizados por um pronoto geralmente bem desenvolvido, recobrindo o escutelo e por vezes todo o corpo (frequentemente com formas peculiares). Entylia carinata (Forster, 1771) é a única espécie do gênero e está amplamente distribuída nas Américas. É um inseto fitófago que se alimenta na parte abaxial das folhas. A espécie apresenta mutualismo com formigas que se alimentam do honeydew (substância açucarada excretada pela cigarrinha) e em troca ajudam na proteção das proles. E. carinata é uma espécie bivoltina, gregária e subsocial. As fêmeas apresentam cuidado parental, protegendo ovos e ninfas. Esses insetos, quando em grandes populações, podem causar danos em culturas tanto através da inserção do ovipositor quanto do aparelho bucal. Embora não se tenha registro de E. carinata como vetora de fitopatógenos, algumas espécies de membracídeos são indicadas como potenciais vetoras de micro-organismos (inclusive em videira). O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a flutuação populacional de E. carinata em videiras na Serra Gaúcha - Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas em quatro vinhedos de Vitis vinifera, variedade Merlot localizados no Vale dos Vinhedos em Bento Gonçalves (área 1 com 1,3 ha - 29°10’27” S e 51°36’08” O; 477m de altitude / área 2 com 1,1 ha - 29°10’46” S e 51°35’02” O; 488m de altitude) e na região dos Vinhos de Montanha em Pinto Bandeira (área 3 com 0,75 ha - 29°06’55” S e 51°26’50” O; 640m de altitude / área 4 com 1 ha - 29°02’50” S e 51°28’12” O; 613m de altitude). Em cada área foram instalados 40 cartões adesivos amarelos medindo 8,5 x 11,5 cm, distribuídos em 20 pontos. Em cada ponto foram colocados dois cartões, um a 45 cm acima da lâmina foliar e outro 45 cm acima do solo. As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2012. Foi verificada uma maior ocorrência de E. carinata no ano de 2011 com 316 espécimes (72,97%), já em 2012 foram coletados apenas 117 espécimes (27,03%). Foi observada uma maior presença de machos com 316 indivíduos (72,97%) e 111 fêmeas (25,63%) (não foi possível observar o sexo de seis espécimes devido aos danos nas estruturas de genitália). Os cartões instalados nos pontos altos capturaram 256 indivíduos (59,12%) e os cartões dos pontos baixos 177 (40,88%). Foi constatado um aumento na população nos meses de janeiro, agosto, novembro e dezembro.
Levantamento florístico de Poaceae no morro da Pedra do Lagarto, distrito de Santo Antão, Santa Maria, RS
Authors: Scherer Hulia Juana , Essi Liliana
Published: March 2018

A vegetação nativa de Santa Maria, assim como em todo estado do Rio Grande do Sul, é composta por florestas e campos. Tendo em vista que os campos ainda são poucos conhecidos pela população, em sua real importância, foi escolhida para este estudo uma área de vegetação campestre para o levantamento da família Poaceae. O Morro Pedra de Lagarto se localiza no Distrito de Santo Antão, ao norte do município de Santa Maria, RS. O estudo foi realizado no período de agosto de 2014 a setembro de 2015, através de expedições quinzenais, nas quais foram coletados espécimes na fase reprodutiva. Após a herborização, foi realizada a identificação das espécies em laboratório através de chaves, obras de referência, consultas a meio eletrônico e revisão do herbário SMDB. Ao todo, foram 58 espécies confirmadas, distribuídas em 33 gêneros e 13 tribos. Foi constatada a presença de uma espécie ameaçada de extinção, bem como espécies exóticas no local. Este trabalho apresenta uma listagem com todas as espécies coletadas no local, vouchers e fotos. Constatou-se que no morro Pedra do Lagarto há uma grande diversidade em espécies nativas da família Poaceae, predominando espécies do Bioma Mata Atlântica.
Estrutura e padrão espacial de Tacinga palmadora (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor & Stuppy (Cactaceae) em vegetação de caatinga conservada
Authors: Barbosa Alex da Silva , MEDEIROS ROBSON LUIS SILVA DE , Santos José Nailson Barros , Andrade Alberício Pereira de , Barbosa Neto Miguel Avelino
Published: March 2018

A família Cactaceae compreende a segunda maior família botânica endêmica das Américas. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever a distribuição espacial de T. palmadora e obter subsídios sobre o comportamento ecológico e estrutural da espécie numa área de caatinga conservada. Para a avaliação quantitativa da população foi utilizado o método de parcelas contíguas, que foram divididas em 100 parcelas de 10m x 10m. Para verificar o padrão de distribuição da espécie na área foram utilizados mapas de distribuição espacial, construídos através de sistema de coordenadas SURFER®. A população foi estimada em 1.883 indivíduos ha -1, obtendo-se uma alta densidade absoluta e frequência relativa de 100% nas parcelas experimentais. Os espécimes encontram-se uniformemente distribuídos na área amostral, sem a presença de grandes aglomerados. Em aproximadamente 43,5% da área foram amostrados até 10 indivíduos por unidade amostral. A utilização dos mapas foi capaz de caracterizar a estrutura vertical e o modo de distribuição da população na área, demonstrando aleatoriedade no padrão de distribuição espacial. A população estudada demonstra estabilidade o que permite predizer que a espécie terá boa representatividade e ausência de problemas futuros. A T. palmadora tende a apresentar distribuição uniforme e elevada abundância em áreas de caatinga conservada.
Citogenotoxicidade de aromatizantes utilizados na fabricação de alimentos industrializados
Authors: Sousa Sales Ila Monize , Silva dos Santos Fabelina Karollyne , Peron Ana Paula
Published: March 2018

Objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar a toxicidade em nível celular de aromatizantes de baunilha (AB), nas doses 0,2, 0,4, 0,8 e 1,6 mL, e de Tutti-frutti (ATF), nas doses 0,3; 0,6, 1,2 e 2,4 mL, combinados entre si, por meio de quatro associações, AB 0,2 mL/ATF 0,3 mL; AB 0,4mL/ATF 0,6 mL; AB 0,8 mL/ATF 1,2 mL e AB 1,6 mL/ATF 2,4 mL. Para a análise da toxicidade utilizou-se as células meristemáticas de raízes de Allium cepa, que após a exposição as soluções aromatizantes, foram fixadas, hidrolisadas, coradas e analisadas em microscópio óptico. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados pelo teste Qui-quadrado, a 5%. Com base nos resultados obtidos verificou-se que todas as associações causaram efeito antiproliferativo as células do tecido analisado, bem como, número significativo de alterações de fuso mitótico. Dessa forma, as associações de baunilha e tutti-frutti, nas condições de análises estabelecidas para este estudo, foram citotóxicas e genotóxicas aos meristemas de raízes.
Artropodofauna da cultura do arroz de várzea em Alagoas-Brasil
Authors: Feitosa Janaina Alves
Published: March 2018

A cultura do arroz se destaca por desempenhar papel estratégico tanto em nível econômico quanto social para vários povos. Durante o seu desenvolvimento, é afetado por diversas pragas, que podem reduzir significativamente a sua produtividade. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho, conhecer a fauna de artrópodes associados à cultura do arroz de várzea no município de Igreja Nova, no Estado de Alagoas. Foram realizadas 10 coletas quinzenais durante cinco (5) meses. Em cada avaliação, foram coletadas 30 plantas e realizada uma varredura aleatoriamente de uma hora com rede entomológica. O material vegetal coletado foi colocado em sacos de papel revestidos com sacos plásticos e acondicionado em caixa de isopor refrigerada. O material coletado com a rede entomológica foi transferido para frascos com álcool 70% e em alguns casos, em envelopes entomológicos. Todo o material foi encaminhado ao Laboratório de Entomologia/ Acarologia da Universidade Federal de Alagoas- Campus Arapiraca e triado com o auxilio de pincel de cerdas finas em microscópio estereoscópico. Os artrópodes encontrados foram armazenados em potes plásticos e tubos eppendorfs contendo álcool a 70%. Posteriormente os insetos foram montados, em caixas entomológicas e os ácaros em lâminas contendo meio de Hoyer, para microscopia, sendo então identificados utilizando-se microscópio estereoscópico, microscópio de contraste de fases e chaves dicotômicas especializadas. Foi coletado um total 7128 artrópodes (adultos e imaturos), distribuídos nos seguintes táxons: Insecta (4856), Acari (1929), Araneae (239) e Collembola (104).
Turismo basado en naturaleza y conservación biológica: decisiones de uso de suelo en Mindo/ Nature-based tourism and biological conservation: land-use decisions in Mindo
Authors: Zalles Jorje Ignacio
Published: March 2018

El turismo basado en naturaleza se reconoce como un incentivo económico indirecto para la conservación biológica. En particular, se espera que las visitas dirigidas a observación de vida silvestre en estado natural aporten al establecimiento de patrones de uso de suelo favorables para la integridad biológica de los paisajes destino. La localidad de Mindo se ha consolidado en décadas recientes como receptora de turismo basado en naturaleza. Este artículo analiza el papel que juega el turismo en decisiones de uso de suelo tendientes al incremento de cobertura forestal nativa en Mindo. Se describe el marco institucional asociado al turismo y se elabora un mapa cognitivo de las decisiones de uso de suelo por participantes en un programa de restauración forestal. La mejora del atractivo turístico mediante restauración forestal es un importante factor de agencia individual en cuanto a uso de suelo en Mindo. Existen desafíos institucionales, sin embargo, que allí limitan el potencial del turismo como fuerza motriz para el incremento en cobertura forestal, y por ende su contribución a la conservación biológica en términos de paisaje.

Abstract

Nature-based tourism is recognized as an indirect economic incentive for biological conservation. In particular, the expectation is that visits aimed at the observation of wildlife in its natural state will encourage the establishment of land-use patterns that are favorable to the biological integrity of destination landscapes. The locality of Mindo has in recent decades become a well-known destination for nature-based tourism. This article analyzes the role played by tourism in land-use decisions aimed at increasing native forest cover in Mindo. The institutional framework associated with tourism is described, and a cognitive map of land-use decisions by participants in a forest restoration program is presented. The improvement of touristic attractiveness through forest restoration is an important influence on individual agency regarding land use in Mindo. There are institutional challenges, however, that limit tourism´s potential as a land-use driver for increased forest cover, and therefore its contribution to biological conservation at a landscape level.
Almacenamiento energético frente al inminente paradigma renovable: el rol de las baterías ion-litio y las perspectivas sudamericanas/Energy storage towards the imminent renewable paradigm: the role of ion-lithium batteries and South American perspectives
Authors: Kazimierski Martin Ariel
Published: March 2018

El actual sistema energético mundial se caracteriza por una alta dependencia de los combustibles fósiles, un paradigma que empieza a encontrar dificultades en tanto se agotan las reservas existentes y aumentan los costos ecológicos. Así, la incorporación de energías renovables, su generación en forma distribuida y el crecimiento del parque automotor eléctrico, se presentan como la triada más prometedora en la conformación de un nuevo paradigma más eficiente y sustentable. Este artículo se centra en la importancia que adquieren los acumuladores energéticos ante este panorama, principalmente por su rol en la estabilización de las redes y posibilitar el autoconsumo y la propulsión eléctrica. Identifica en las baterías de ion-litio un abanico de posibilidades para Sudamérica, que posee las reservas más importantes de litio en el mundo, incorporando la idea del desarrollo dentro del nuevo patrón energético y en un mercado actual y potencial de grandes dimensiones.

Abstract

The current global energy system is characterized by a high dependence on fossil fuels, a paradigm that begins to encounter difficulties as existing reserves are depleted and ecological costs increase. Thus, the incorporation of renewable energies, their generation in a distributed form and the growth of the electric motor park, are presented as the most promising triad in the conformation of a new, more efficient and sustainable paradigm. This article focuses on the importance that energy accumulators acquire in this scenario, mainly due to their role in stabilizing networks and enabling self-consumption and electric propulsion. It identifies lithium-ion batteries with a wide range of possibilities for South America, which has the most important reserves of lithium in the world, incorporating the idea of ??development within the new energy pattern and in a current and potential market of large dimensions.
От молодежной миграции к миграции пожилых: парадоксы старения принимающего общества
Authors: Соколов Николай Викторович , Рехтина Лилия Сергеевна
Published: March 2018

Николай Викторович Соколов – к. с.н., доцент, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Электронная почта: nvsspb@yandex.ru

Лилия Сергеевна Рехтина – социолог, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Электронная почта: lisabet-09@mail.ru

Статья посвящена анализу структурно-возрастных изменений миграции, которые происходят на фоне увеличения миграционных потоков, с одной стороны, и процесса старения населения, с другой. Миграция, как массовый процесс, повторяет явление «перевернутой пирамиды», порождая феномен, названный нами «миграция пожилых». Старение миграции проявляется на фоне трансформации миграции молодежной – это взаимосвязанные и взаимодополняющие друг друга процессы. Методологически анализ лежит на стыке теорий, рассматривающих феномен массовой миграции и социологических концепций, описывающих процесс старения населения – в первую очередь исследующих «третий возраст» как относительно новую группу населения, требующую к себе особого отношения и подхода. Эмпирической базой исследования служат данные опроса, проведенного осенью 2016 г. в Санкт-Петербурге. В ходе опроса собраны данные о возрастной, гендерной, географической и профессиональной структуре приезжего населения города. Основная часть анализа выполнена для целевой категории мигрантов, переехавших жить в СанктПетербург в возрасте старше 40 лет в период 1995–2016 гг. Данные исследования свидетельствуют о «старении» и «взрослении» миграции. При этом характер «пожилой» миграции радикально отличается от сложившихся стереотипов о «молодежной» миграции – ведущую роль в ней играют социальные и родственные сети, на которые ориентированы пожилые приезжие. Наблюдаемые тенденции старения миграции позволяют прогнозировать усложнение процессов адаптации и интеграции, вплоть до полной неэффективности традиционных механизмов взаимодействия агентов принимающего сообщества с пожилыми мигрантами. Последних нельзя рассматривать в роли дешевого и легко доступного источника, пополняющего производительные силы принимающей стороны – они прибывают с целью обмена ресурсами. Старение миграции включает механизмы социальной трансформации, которая играет роль мощного креативного источника для принимающего социума, но в то же время является источником серьезных рисков в связи с радикальным снижением возможностей управления миграцией.
Социально-политические и медицинские аспекты употребления алкоголя в старшем возрасте как фактор риска
Authors: Голубева Елена Юрьевна , Соловьев Андрей Горгоньевич
Published: March 2018

Елена Юрьевна Голубева – д. биол. н., профессор, кафедра социальной работы и социальной безопасности, Высшая школа социально-гуманитарных наук и межкультурной коммуникации Северного (Арктического) федерального университета имени М. В. Ломоносова, Архангельск, Россия. Электронная почта: e.golubeva@narfu.ru

Соловьев Андрей Горгоньевич – д. мед. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой психиатрии и клинической психологии, Северный государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России, Архангельск, Россия. Электронная почта: ASoloviev1@yandex.ru

Статья посвящена анализу роли употребления алкоголя в структуре факторов социального неблагополучия в старшем возрасте. Проанализированы социально-политические международные и российские документы, рассматривающие старение. Анализ показывает, при каких условиях быстро растущее население пожилого возраста может оставаться здоровым, что позволяет снизить нагрузку на системы здравоохранения, социального обеспечения и занятости населения. При этом особе внимание уделяется проблеме употребления алкоголя. Затем приводятся данные особенностей жизнеобеспечения 713 лиц пожилого и старческого возраста (от 60 до 89 лет) в Архангельской области. На основании исследования проведена оценка воздействия и последствий употребления алкоголя как выраженного дестабилизирующего механизма на социальные параметры жизни. Трудности адаптации респондентов прямо или косвенно связаны с ограничением деятельности, вызванным снижением или утратой трудоспособности, одиночеством, неадекватными социальными навыками, социальной изоляцией, недостатком физической активности, что нередко приводит к употреблению спиртных напитков, как средству «ухода» от накопившихся проблем. Одиночество, как проявление социальной изолированности, один из наиболее опасных факторов, стимулирующих лиц пожилого и старческого возраста прибегать к «допингу», в роли которого в большинстве случаев выступает алкоголь. Определена частота употребления спиртных напитков в зависимости от половозрастных характеристик и уровня образования; рассмотрены последствия потребления алкоголя лицами пожилого возраста в качестве факторов риска социального неблагополучия на макро-, микросоциальном и личностном уровнях. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при актуализации региональных исследований по качеству жизни пожилого населения в регионах с высоким риском потребления алкогольных напитков, а также разработке программ социальной политики с учетом демографического развития и повышения доступности медицинской помощи лицам пожилого возраста.
Государственное и рыночное регулирование трудовой активности пенсионеров
Authors: Козина Ирина Марксовна , Зангиева Ирина Казбековна
Published: March 2018

Ирина Марксовна Козина – к. с.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой методов сбора и анализа социологической информации Национальный исследовательский университет Высшая школа экономики, Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: ikozina@hse.ru 

Ирина Казбековна Зангиева – к. с.н., старший преподаватель кафедры методов сбора и анализа социологической информации Национальный исследовательский университет Высшая школа экономики, Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: izangieva@hse.ru

Статья посвящена анализу действующих государственных и рыночных механизмов регулирования трудовой активности применительно к работающим пенсионерам по старости и их роли в формировании соответствующей возрастной категоризации на рынке труда. Существующая модель государственного регулирования занятости определяется нами как нейтральная к возрасту и пенсионному статусу. В этой логике все способные адаптироваться к спросу на рынке труда это делают, а неспособные – переходят в статус объектов социального обеспечения. Агенты трудового рынка обладают собственными интерпретациями границ «подходящего возраста», что проявляется в распространении практик возрастной дискриминации – «эйджизма» (иногда в прямой, но чаще в скрытой форме). Следствием этого является возрастная сегментация рынка труда, которая сопровождается качественными изменениями характера занятости работников пенсионного возраста. В наиболее уязвимом положении оказываются те, кто за время пребывания в пенсионном статусе меняет работу. Повторный выход на рынок труда в значительной степени сопряжен с рисками ухудшения условий занятости и снижения должностного и профессионального статуса. Люди пенсионного возраста не только проигрывают более молодым соискателям, но и уступают в качестве занятости ровесникам, сохранившим прежнее рабочее место. Выводы основаны на материалах исследования возрастной дискриминации на российском рынке труда, проведенного авторами в 2012–2016 гг. В исследовании использовалось сочетание количественных (анализ статистики занятости, данных репрезентативной выборки 24-й волны Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения, контент-анализ объявлений о вакансиях) и качественных (экспертные интервью с HR-менеджерами) методов.
LN34 real-time RT-PCR protocol v1
Authors: M. Gigante Crystal , Wilkins Kimberly , Edgar Condori Condori Rene , Wadhwa Ashutosh , Li Yu
Published: March 2018

Purpose To describe the LN34 real-time RT-PCR assay procedure used for the qualitative detection of lyssavirus RNA in whole RNA extracted from brain tissue samples. The assay detects RNA from diverse lyssaviruses at varying concentrations [1].
CALLUS INDUCTION IN VITRO OF CACTACEAE FAMILY
Authors: Maliarenko V. , Golubenko A.
Published: March 2018

Our research goal has been to find the optimal nutrient media for initiation of the primary callus in the species of the Cactaceae family. Common methods of plant biotechnology were used. Primary explants of the cacti were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS medium). The content of macro- and microelements has been diluted twice (½ MS) and the vitamins (B1 and B6 – 0.5 mg/l, PP – 1 mg/l) were added, as well as 100 mg/l meso-isonitol and 20 g/l of sucrose. It was determined that callus formation formed efficiently when cultivated on half MS media with 20 g/l sucrose, 3 mg/l 6- benzylaminopurine, 0,2 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid,0,1 mg/l α-napthaleneacetic acid and 5 mg/l ascorbic acid. It was discovered, that for initiation of tissue differentiation and cacti callus formation, high concentrations of cytokinine-active growth regulators are required.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF A POLY GENERATION SYSTEM BY INTEGRATING A MULTI-EFFECT-DESALINATION THERMO-VAPOR COMPRESSION (MED-TVC) SYSTEM WITH A COMBINED COOLING, HEATING AND POWER (CCHP) SYSTEM
Authors: Ghaebi Hadi
Published: March 2018

In the present study,
performance analysis of a multi effect distillation with thermos vapor
compressor (MED-TVC) desalination system coupled to a combined cooling, heating
and power (CCHP) system with gas turbine prime mover has been carried out to
cogeneration of cooling, heating, power and potable water. The system
incorporates air compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine, triple pressure
heat recovery system generator (HRSG), absorption chiller and MED-TVC. A
thermodynamic modeling based on mass and energy balance equations is applied
for each component of the integrated system. The engineering equation solver
(EES) software was used for modeling. It is found that the efficiency of the
integrated system reached to 84% (the efficiency of the gas turbine cycle was
32%). Furthermore, a parametric study has been presented in order to
investigate the effects of the operational parameters on the performance of the
integrated system.
The role of stress management and interpersonal communication in preventing violence against family physicians
Authors: Ardic Cuneyt , Ozturk Guzin Zeren
Published: March 2018

Background: Family physicians are the first line of contact with patients seeking primary care services. Therefore, they are vulnerable to violence from patients and family members. Therefore, aim of this study was to determine of stress management and interpersonal communication of the family physicians and examine the role of stress management and interpersonal communication to prevent violence.Methods: 736 family physicians were participated from 37 different provinces of Turkey. The scores of stress management and interpersonal communication were compared according to violence situations.Results: A 20.65% (n = 152) of the physicians participating in the study were subjected to physical violence; their interpersonal communication scores were significantly lower than those of physicians who had not been subjected to physical violence (p = 0.022). Among the participants, 90.77% (n = 668) were subjected to verbal violence; their interpersonal communication scores were significantly lower than those of participants who had not been subjected to verbal violence (p = 0.012). Although the interpersonal communication scores were low and statistically related at the participants who had been subjected to violence.Conclusions: This study revealed that the interpersonal communication and stress management scores were low at the participants who had been subjected to violence; only interpersonal communication was statically related. Therefore, stress management and interpersonal communication is very important to protect from violence, we suggested that this should be part of the curriculum of medical schools and postgraduate education.
Contemporary management of genitourinary injuries in a tertiary trauma centre in Nigeria
Authors: Ofoha Chimaobi G. , Shu'aibu Samaila I. , Onowa Victor E. , Galam Zingkur Z.
Published: March 2018

Background: The genitourinary system has been shown to be involved in 10% of patients presenting after trauma and is therefore a significant factor in trauma induced morbidity and mortality. It affects all age groups and both sexes. The aim of this study is to determine the aetiology, mechanism of injury and management of genitourinary injuries in a tertiary trauma centre.Methods: This is a prospective study carried out at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between 2012 and 2017. All patients who presented at the A and E with genitourinary trauma were recruited into the study. Initial assessment involved taking an AMPLE history and resuscitation, using the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol of the American College of Surgeons. Physical examination and investigation were carried out to localize and determine extent of injury. Investigations carried out were complete blood count, blood grouping, serum electrolyte, urea and creatinine and radiography where applicable. Surgical intervention was carried out where indicated.Results: A total of 104 patients were involved in this study. The mean age was 32.14±15.5 years with a range of 3 to 75yrs. Median age was 28yrs. Eighty-nine (85.6%) were males while fifteen (14.4%) were females. The genitalia were the most affected in 34% (n=35) of the patients. Gunshot was the commonest mechanism of injury (37.5%, n=39). Operative and non-operative management were employed depending on mechanism and extent of injury.Conclusions: Gunshot was the commonest cause of genitourinary trauma. These injuries require specialized attention for proper assessment and management.