bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Northern Ireland's fragile peace: how the Troubles paused and mutated since its official “end” in 1998
Authors: Browne Sally
Published: April 2020

Since its formation, Northern Ireland has become a country synonymous with conflict. Political and religious differences have transcended into sectarian violence and warfare, most recently during the Troubles, which has been ongoing since 1969. Official accounts argue that this conflict ended in 1998 with the unionist and nationalist peace process, however this article discredits that assertion and shows that from the perspectives of politics, policing, and victims, this conflict is an outstanding issue in Northern Ireland today. Using secondary data, this paper demonstrates that though policing has evolved in structure, many of its threats, concerns, and roles have changed very little from those apparent during the conflict. The victim perspective argues that the extent of loss and pain will always hold the Troubles open and present and that motivates many in activism, whose political landscape has decayed since 1998. The idea of social identity theory has brought such issues forward and contributed to the understanding seen in this article. The overarching theme of this paper is that the Troubles is held in a paused position for different reasons from each perspective, but that when combined a long-term understanding of the conflict can be harnessed in order to highlight and combat recurring themes of the conflict to aid in bringing an end to such a brutal episode of Northern Ireland's history.
The Role of Chinese Financial Industry in Promoting Reform and Opening up and Serving the Real Economy in the New Era
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Wang Qingqi
Published: April 2020

Finance plays an important role in the economic development of the new era. In the historical process of further deepening reform and opening up, the financial industry should upgrade the level of supervision and strengthen the ability of risk prevention so as to realize the strategic goal of serving the real economy. Based on background, it's necessary to analyze the limited openness and protectionist behavior of the financial industry in developed countries, and then review the important achievements of Chinese financial industry in opening up and reform. In the new historical period, China should attach great importance to the work of financial security from the basic national conditions, improve the level of supervision and risk prevention, strengthen abilities of technological innovation, especially gradually expand the two-way reciprocal opening in the financial field, and introduce social capital into the real economy through deepening reform and effective use of financial means, so that finance can return to serving the real economy. The aim is to promote the healthy development of the national economy in the new era, and constantly improve Chinese comprehensive competitiveness in the world economic system.
Larger than Life: A Tribute to Geoff Davis (1943–2018)
Authors: Marsden Peter
Published: April 2020

A celebration of the life of Geoff Davis with special emphasis on the many activities he pursued and his indefatigable energy.
El gest com a facilitador i precursor del desenvolupament del llenguatge
Authors: Esteve Gibert Núria , Igualada Alfonso , Prieto Pilar
Published: April 2020

Els estudis sobre desenvolupament del llenguatge típicament s'han centrat en l'anàlisi de la parla. Tanmateix, hi ha altres elements comunicatius que són una peça fonamental en la comunicació i cognició humanes: els gestos. Aquests elements visuals estan íntimament integrats amb la parla des del punt de vista temporal i des del punt de vista semanticopragmàtic, i fan que es pugui parlar del llenguatge i la comunicació com uns fets multimodal. En aquest article posem a l'abast dels lectors un resum dels estudis més recents sobre adquisició del llenguatge des d'una perspectiva multimodal, tot i emfasitzant el rol dels gestos com a facilitadors i precursors del llenguatge no només en les etapes més primerenques sinó també en etapes de desenvolupament pragmàtic més tardà. Els estudis demostren que el gest és un component central de l'adquisició del llenguatge i que actua com a precursor i predictor de l’aprenentatge del vocabulari, de la sintaxi, així com del desenvolupament pragmàtic i discursiu.  Finalment apuntem les àrees de recerca més actuals i innovadores i el possible impacte d'aquesta recerca en l'àmbit de la rehabilitació del llenguatge.
Families Requesting Advocates for Children With Disabilities: The Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How of Special Education Advocacy
Authors: Goldman Samantha E. , Burke Meghan M. , Casale Ellen G. , Frazier Morgan A. , Hodapp Robert M.
Published: April 2020

Because parents face barriers in advocating for their children within the special education system, some families request help from a special education advocate. In this study, we evaluated the perceptions of caregivers who requested advocacy support to understand why, for whom, when, and where the advocacy services were needed; how the advocate helped; and what the outcomes of the advocacy process were and which variables related to better outcomes. We conducted structured interviews with 36 families who had requested help and connected with an advocate over a 3-year period. Compared to national norms, families were more likely to request an advocate if their child had ASD, was in elementary school, and lived in non-rural areas. Family requests were most often for advocate attendance at IEP meetings; help to resolve disagreements with the school concerning supports and services; and information about school services and parental rights. Most advocate assistance was for a short duration, although a longer duration process, advocate attendance at meetings, and more intensive advocate assistance were all related to better outcomes. Most participants were satisfied with the advocate and with the end-result of the advocacy process. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for future research and practice.
Modified monomer diffusion model for volume holographic grating formation in photopolymers
Authors: Ma Jianshe , Wu Taihui , Cui Yao , Li Jing , Wang Jing , Su Ping
Published: April 2020

Monomer diffusion models are important in describing the formation mechanism of the volume holographic grating in photopolymers. The most representative of these models is the first-order diffusion model, which neglects the influence of the exposure intensity threshold and dissolved oxygen in a polymer. This model causes a significant deviation between the theoretical simulation and the experimental results. Therefore, we propose a modified monomer diffusion model, which is more consistent with experimental results on refractive index modulation than other models.
Comprehensive understanding of the focal property of lobster-eye optics
Authors: Ouyang Mingzhao , Fu Yuegang , Zhou Jianhong , He Wenjun , Yang L. , Han Yeming , Wang Chonge
Published: April 2020

Lobster-eye optics is a promising option to establish an all-sky monitor in the X-ray spectrum. With the development of micromachining technology, the performance of lobster-eye optics is gradually improving and has become more practical. In this paper, from an optical design point of view, the mathematical models of the square-channel lobster-eye lens and the meridional lobster-eye lens have been established based on prism analysis, and the focusing property differences of the two lenses are analyzed. There are several key conclusions: the square-channel lobster lens has no paraxial ideal focal point; the meridional lobster eye lens has better energy concentration for focusing and a weaker capacity for energy collection than the square-channel lobster eye lens in the high-energy X-ray spectrum; and the stray light arms of the square lobster-eye lens appear earlier than those of the meridional lobster-eye lens when the photon energy decreases. These conclusions can help improve the design of a lobster-eye lens for space detection and exploration.
Application of calibration-free high repetition rate laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the quantitative elemental analysis of a silver alloy
Authors: Gao Jiankui , Kang Juan , Li Runhua , Chen Yuqi
Published: April 2020

In this work, we report the application of a calibration-free (CF) method combined with high repetition rate laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (HRR LA-SIBS) to the analysis of a silver alloy. The sample was ablated by a fiber laser operated at a 30 kHz pulse repetition rate, and a spark discharge was applied to enhance plasma emission. Electron number density and plasma temperature were estimated using Stark broadening of spectral lines and the Saha–Boltzmann plot method, respectively. The fulfillment of the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) approximation of the measurement was verified. Averaged electron density and plasma temperature were calculated as

1.11
×

10

17

c
m

−
3

and 7355 K, respectively. The elemental composition of a silver alloy sample was determined, and the result was compared with that analyzed with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The analytical error was within a 15% range. It was demonstrated that the CF HRR LA-SIBS technique could potentially provide elemental analysis for silver alloys without requiring a standard sample.
High-refractive-index capping layer improves top-light-emitting device performance
Authors: Hu Baohua , Chen Haifeng , Li Chong , Huang Wei , Ichikawa Musubu
Published: April 2020

The performance of top-emitting organic light-emitting devices (TEOLEDs) was improved with capping layers having high refractive indices. The TEOLED electroluminescence was examined with different capping materials on the same device structure. The luminance and power efficiency in the forward direction was improved significantly by using a high-refractive-index capping layer.
Theory of four-wave mixing of cylindrical vector beams in optical fibers
Authors: Goudreau E. Scott , Kupchak Connor , Sussman Benjamin J. , Boyd Robert W. , Lundeen Jeff S.
Published: April 2020

Cylindrical vector (CV) beams are a set of transverse spatial modes that exhibit a cylindrically symmetric intensity profile and a variable polarization about the beam axis. They are composed of a non-separable superposition of orbital and spin angular momenta. Critically, CV beams are also the eigenmodes of optical fiber and, as such, are of widespread practical importance in photonics and have the potential to increase communications bandwidth through spatial multiplexing. Here, we derive the coupled amplitude equations that describe the four-wave mixing (FWM) of CV beams in optical fibers. These equations allow us to determine the selection rules that govern the interconversion of CV modes in FWM processes. With these selection rules, we show that FWM conserves the total angular momentum, the sum of orbital and spin angular momenta, in the conversion of two input photons to two output photons. When applied to spontaneous FWM, the selection rules show that photon pairs can be generated in CV modes directly and can be entangled in those modes. Such quantum states of light in CV modes could benefit technologies such as quantum key distribution with satellites.
Simple model of dephasing for high-order harmonic generation in solids
Authors: Orlando Gianfranco , Ho Tak-San , Chu Shih-I
Published: April 2020

We analyze high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in a disordered
semiconductor within the context of the Anderson model of disorder.
Employing the theoretical methods pioneered for the study of
disordered metals, we show that disorder is a source of ultrafast
dephasing of the HHG signal in semiconductors. Furthermore, it is
shown that the dephasing effect induced by disorder on HHG spectra
depends on both strength and correlation length of the disorder and
very weakly on the frequency and intensity of the laser. Our results
suggest that HHG has the potential to be a new spectroscopic tool for
the analysis of disordered solids.
Extruded tellurite antiresonant hollow core fiber for Mid-IR operation
Authors: Ventura Andrea , Hayashi Juliano Grigoleto , Cimek Jaroslaw , Jasion Gregory , Janicek Petr , Slimen Fedia Ben , White Nicholas , Fu Qiang , Xu Lin , Sakr Hesham , Wheeler Natalie V. , Richardson David J. , Poletti Francesco
Published: April 2020

We report the first extruded tellurite antiresonant hollow core fibers (HC-ARFs) aimed at the delivery of mid-infrared (Mid-IR) laser radiation. The preform extrusion fabrication process allowed us to obtain preforms with non-touching capillaries in a single step, hence minimizing thermal cycles. The fibers were fabricated from in-house synthetized tellurite glass (containing Zn, Ba and K oxides) and co-drawn with a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) polymer outer layer to improve their mechanical properties and protect the glass from humidity. The fabricated HC-ARFs transmit in the Mid-IR spectral range from 4.9 to 6 µm. We measured losses of ∼8.2, 4.8 and 6.4 dB/m at 5 µm, 5.6 µm and 5.8 µm, respectively in two different fibers. These losses, which are dominated by leakage mostly arising from a non-uniform membrane thickness, represent the lowest attenuation reported for a tellurite-based HC-ARF to date. The fibers present good beam quality and an M2 factor of 1.2. Modelling suggests that by improving the uniformity in the capillary membrane thickness losses down to 0.05 dB/m at 5.4 µm should be possible, making this solution attractive, for example, for beam delivery from a CO laser.
Binary geometric phase metasurface for ultra-wideband microwave diffuse scatterings with optical transparency
Authors: Chen Ke , Guo Wenlong , Ding Guowen , Zhao Junmin , Jiang Tian , Feng Yijun
Published: April 2020

Diffuse scatterings of electromagnetic (EM) waves by thin-thickness metasurfaces have promising prospects in many fields due to their abilities of significantly reducing the backward scatterings of targets. One of the major challenges is to further improve the working bandwidth. Here, we propose a binary geometric phase metasurface with high optical transparency to realize ultra-wideband backward scattering reduction through diffuse scatterings. A multi-layered reflective meta-structure is used as the basic building block while its out-of-phase counterpart is achieved through a geometric rotating operation. The proposed metasurface shows a polarization-insensitive wave-diffusion property with about 10 dB scattering reduction in an ultra-wide frequency band from 3.5 GHz to 16.6 GHz, reaching a fractional bandwidth of 130%. As the experimental demonstration, prototype is fabricated and measured that is in agreement with simulated results. The proposed metasurface provides an efficient way to tailor the exotic scattering features with simultaneously high optical transmittance, which can offer crucial benefits in many practical uses, for example, window stealth applications.
Preparation and photoluminescence investigation of the LaPO4:Eu3+ inverse opal structure
Authors: Li Ke , Chen Tingting , Mao Huibing , Chen Ye , Wang Jiqing
Published: April 2020

The inverse opal

L
a
P
O

4

:

E
u

3
+

was successfully fabricated by the sol-gel method, and characterized by the scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence investigations. The inverse opal

L
a
P
O

4

:

E
u

3
+

sample has a different emission in comparison with the ordinary luminescence emission bands of

E
u

3
+

ion at 590, 615, and 695 nm. In the inverse opal structure, the strongest emission is the transition

5

D

0

→

7

F

4

at about 695 nm, which may be due to the fact that the emission in the plane decreases because of the photonic band structure and the corresponding emission in the vertical direction increases. For the emissions at 590 and 615 nm of the

E
u

3
+

, the results show that the emission ratio of 590 to 615 nm increases from 0.266 to 0.639 for the inverse opal sample in comparison with the ordinary sample, which means that the ratio increases about 2.4 times for the inverse opal sample. An appropriate reason is that in the inverse opal sample the magnetic dipole emission

5

D

0

→

7

F

1

will increase in comparison with the electric dipole emission

5

D

0

→

7

F

2

.
Evaluating the Performance of Albanian Savings and Credit (ASC) Union
Authors: Shore Eralda , Nikolla Mariana
Published: April 2020

This research paper aimed to evaluate the role of ASC Union through three main poles:its performance in relation to outreach, its financial sustainability, and its welfare impact.It was based mainly on a descriptive study and focused on an accurate event, trying toanswer questions such as: what, where, how, who and when, through the use of differentinformation and already existing theories. Moreover, a triangulated methodologycombining interviews, questionnaires and observations was applied in order to analyze themicrocredit impacts.From the outreach angle, it was found that ASC Union's outreach has shown anincrement over the period of study with different rates of growth from 2003 to 2010 onaverage by 14.7%. On the other hand, the operational sustainability measured by returnon assets and return on equity showed instability over the period of the study, making theASC Union financial sustainability doubtful. In summary, the members confirmed thatASC Union helped them to improve their activities and income, where 87 out of 100farmers confirmed that their income increased in the last 3 years, while 31 farmers out of100, respectively 8, 9 and 10 year-old-members, proclaimed that using the micro-loanhelped them to expand their activities, while 56 farmers confirmed that microcredithelped them not only in improving their income and activity, but also their productionincrement and activity expansion.
Regional Sustainable Development – Czech Region Ranking UsingMulti-criteria Decision Analysis
Authors: Hudrlikova Lenka , Petkovova Ludmila
Published: April 2020

The aim of the paper is to provide a ranking of the Czech NUTS 3 regions based onsustainable development indicators. The original list of indicators was published by theCzech Statistical Office in 2008 and reviewedin 2010. In the analysis the same set ofindicators with the latest data was used. The indicators in each pillar are merged by meansof linear aggregation withweights derived from the principal component analysis.Because three pillars of sustainable development (environmental, economic and social)are assumed to be non-compensable, the multiple-criteria decision analysis is applied on apillar level in the final composite indicator. Both two main approaches – Borda andCondorcet were considered. Since the Borda approach leads to the compensability of theindicators, the Condorcet approach was in the spotlight. Advancedrules and adjustmentfor Condorcet approach were employed. Advantages and disadvantages of the methodsare provided. As a result more final rankings exist. The deep discussion about the resultsis provided. The special attention is paid to the capital city Prague, border regions, andindustrial regions. In addition, the correlation between final ranking and other indicatorsis tested.
Modelagem de Processos em Bibliotecas Universitárias: aplicações em serviços de atendimento
Authors: Ferreira Júnior Arnaldo Alves , Mota Antonio Pedro Castro
Published: April 2020

A pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os processos dos serviços oferecidos pelo Sistema de Bibliotecas/SIBI, da Universidade Federal de Goiás/UFG, especificamente, o serviço de quitação de multas e o de empréstimos entre bibliotecas. Faz-se revisão de literatura contextualizando a pesquisa e abordando os principais conceitos pertinentes. A metodologia adotada é classificada como de natureza aplicada, pois tem como objetivo gerar conhecimentos para auxiliar a solução de problemas específicos. A análise completa foi desenvolvida por meio da identificação, mapeamento e modelagem dos processos citados. Conclui-se, a partir destas considerações, que a gestão por processos é de fundamental importância na gestão de qualquer organização.
Avaliação do Sistema de Código de Cores “See Color” em Mapa Tátil
Authors: Araújo Niédja Sodré de , Amorim Fabrício Rosa , Marchi Sandra Regina , Andrade Andrea Faria , Delazari Luciene Stamato , Schmidt Marcio Augusto Reolon
Published: April 2020

Os mapas táteis são produtos cartográficos que comunicam informações de natureza geográfica para pessoas com deficiência visual. A maioria das variáveis gráficas visuais pode ser representada em alto relevo, com exceção da variável cor. Contudo, o uso de códigos de cores em mapa tátil pode ser uma alternativa para incluir a capacidade cognitiva das pessoas cegas sobre as cores. Assim, este trabalho visou avaliar a eficiência e eficácia do sistema de código de cores See Color em dois mapas isarítmicos representando temperatura. Em um experimento, avaliaram-se os desempenhos na leitura e na interpretação de dois esquemas de cores para dados ordenados utilizando o See Color.  Seis voluntários deficientes visuais participaram da avaliação, sendo: três cegos congênitos e três com cegueira adquirida. A princípio, o sistema See Color apresentou-se viável para comunicar a informação temática com código de cores em relevo para usuários cegos adquiridos. Diferentes esquemas de cores podem alterar o desempenho na comunicação cartográfica e a representação de cores claras ou escuras pelo See Color requer mais atenção do usuário, porque as cores terciárias incluem mais detalhes, requerendo mais atenção do usuário. Os leitores com cegueira adquirida apresentaram melhor desempenho na leitura dos mapas, quando comparados aos cegos congênitos. Assim, sugere-se o aprofundamento dos estudos sobre usabilidade do sistema em mapas táteis, considerando outros tipos de deficiência visual, materiais táteis, métodos de implementação e experiência dos usuários com mapas.
Unidade de conservação, rodovia e território: uma análise da relação entre BR 319 e a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Igapó Açú, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Sansolo Davis Gruber
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho trata das ameaças e potencialidades da relação entre áreas protegidas, rodovias e o turismo na Amazônia. Refere-se a um estudo de caso, no interflúvio das bacias do Rio Purus e Madeira, no sul do estado do Amazonas, mais especificamente na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Igapó Açu, atravessada pela rodovia BR 319. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, documental e trabalhos de campo, elaborou-se uma análise sobre a potencialidade, fragilidades, ameaças e oportunidades do desenvolvimento territorial a partir do turismo na região. Conclui-se que a unidade de conservação pode ser um fator importante para o desenvolvimento territorial, pautado pela melhoria das condições sociais e resguardo da conservação da natureza, se a lógica do desenvolvimento turístico for subordinada a comunidade local.
Purinergic P2X7 receptors as therapeutic targets in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome; key role of ATP signaling in inflammation
Authors: Taidi Zhinoos , Mansfield Kylie J. , Bates Lucy , Sana-Ur-Rehman Hafiz , Liu Lu
Published: April 2020

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic lower urinary tract condition. Patients with IC/BPS suffer from debilitating pain and urinary urgency. The underlying etiology of IC/BPS is unknown and as such current treatments are mostly symptomatic with no real cure. Many theories have been proposed to describe the etiology of IC/BPS, but this review focuses on the role of inflammation. In IC/BPS patients, the permeability of the urothelium barrier is compromised and inflammatory cells infiltrate the bladder wall. There are increased levels of many inflammatory mediators in patients with IC/BPS and symptoms such as pain and urgency that have been associated with the degree of inflammation. Recent evidence has highlighted the role of purinergic receptors, specifically the P2X7 receptor, in the process of inflammation. The results from studies in animals including cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis strongly support the role of P2X7 receptors in inflammation. Furthermore, the deletion of the P2X7 receptor or antagonism of this receptor significantly reduces inflammatory mediator release from the bladder and improves symptoms. Research results from IC/BPS patients and animal models of IC/BPS strongly support the crucial role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of this painful disease. Purinergic signaling and purinergic receptors, especially the P2X7 receptor, play an undisputed role in inflammation. Purinergic receptor antagonists show positive results in treating different symptoms of IC/BPS.
Repeat transurethral resection is still an essential tool in treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: the Western Australian experience
Authors: Chang Dwayne T. S. , Picardo Alarick
Published: April 2020

Objectives: To determine the rate of residual disease and under-staging after primary transurethral resection (TUR) of bladder tumors (TURBT) in tertiary hospitals in Western Australia.Methods: A retrospective study was performed evaluating all patients with TaHG (stage Ta, high-grade), T1LG (stage T1, low-grade) or T1HG (stage T1, high-grade) bladder cancer on primary TURBT conducted between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2017 at the four largest metropolitan public hospitals in Western Australia. Only patients who underwent repeat resection within 3 months from initial resection were included. Those with previous history of bladder cancer, incomplete follow-up data and visibly incomplete initial resection were excluded. Baseline patient demographics, macroscopic clearance at initial resection, and disease data at initial and repeat resections were recorded.Results: Sixty-seven patients with a median age of 71 years were included in this study. At initial resection, T1HG was the most common disease stage (64.2%) and detrusor muscle was present in 82.1% of initial resections. At repeat resection, 41.8% of cases had residual disease. The rate of upstaging to muscle-invasive bladder cancer was 3.0%. Patients treated by operators with five or less years of formal training did not have a significantly different rate of residual disease from patients treated by operators with more than five years of experience.Conclusions: Repeat TUR should remain an essential practice due to high rates of residual disease and a small risk of tumor under-staging. The presence of detrusor muscle and macroscopic clearance should not be used as surrogates for adequacy of resection or consideration of avoiding a repeat TUR, even for TaHG disease.
Embryo microinjection of the lecithotrophic sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma
Authors: Edgar Allison , Byrne Maria , A. Wray Gregory
Published: April 2020

Microinjection is a common embryological technique used for many types of experiments, including lineage tracing, manipulating gene expression, or genome editing. Injectable reagents include mRNA overexpression, mis-expression, or dominant-negative experiments to examine a gene of interest, a morpholino antisense oligo to prevent translation of an mRNA or spliceoform of interest and CRISPR-Cas9 reagents. Thus, the technique is broadly useful for basic embryological studies, constructing gene regulatory networks, and directly testing hypotheses about cis-regulatory and coding sequence changes underlying the evolution of development. However, the methods for microinjection in typical planktotrophic marine invertebrates may not work well in the highly modified eggs and embryos of lecithotrophic species. This protocol is optimized for the lecithotrophic sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma.
FairSubset: A tool to choose representative subsets of data for use with replicates or groups of different sample sizes
Authors: K Ortell Katherine , M Switonski Pawel , Delaney Joe Ryan
Published: April 2020

High-impact journals are promoting transparency of data. Modern scientific methods can be automated and produce disparate samples sizes. In many cases, it is desirable to retain identical or pre-defined sample sizes between replicates or groups. However, choosing which subset of originally acquired data that best matches the entirety of the data set without introducing bias is not trivial. Here, we released a free online tool, FairSubset, and its constituent Shiny App R code to subset data in an unbiased fashion. Subsets were set at the same N across samples and retained representative average and standard deviation information. The method can be used for quantitation of entire fields of view or other replicates without biasing the data pool toward large N samples. We showed examples of the tool’s use with fluorescence data and DNA-damage related Comet tail quantitation. This FairSubset tool and the method to retain distribution information at the single-datum level may be considered for standardized use in fair publishing practices.
Enhancing the quality of experience of Arduino-based multiplayer online game using MQTT server
Authors: Wicaksana Gabe Dimas , Abdurohman Maman , Putrada Aji Gautama
Published: April 2020

Online multiplayer games require internet networks to play with opposing players more exciting because multiple players can fight each other. The game experiences lag, which is expressed as the quality of experience (QoE), is one of the most common problems for online multiplayer games, causing the games less exciting to play. This study examined the implementation of Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) as a communication protocol in multiplayer online games using Arduino and compared its performance against HTTP. QoE used data collected using the mean opinion score (MOS) method. The MQTT resulted in an average QoE score of 3.9 (Pingpong) and 4 (TicTacToe) MOS units, while on HTTP 3.8 (PingPong and TicTacToe). The use of the MQTT communication protocol can improve the QoE of multiplayer online game players compared to HTTP.
Comparison of distance measurement on k-nearest neighbour in textual data classification
Authors: Wahyono Wahyono , Trisna I Nyoman Prayana , Sariwening Sarah Lintang , Fajar Muhammad , Wijayanto Danur
Published: April 2020

One algorithm to classify textual data in automatic organizing of documents application is KNN, by changing word representations into vectors. The distance calculation in the KNN algorithm becomes essential in measuring the closeness between data elements. This study compares four distance calculations commonly used in KNN, namely Euclidean, Chebyshev, Manhattan, and Minkowski. The dataset used data from Youtube Eminem’s comments which contain 448 data. This study showed that Euclidian or Minkowski on the KNN algorithm achieved the best result compared to Chebycev and Manhattan. The best results on KNN are obtained when the K value is 3.
Optimal rearrangement problem and normalized obstacle problem in the fractional setting
Authors: Bonder Julián Fernández , Cheng Zhiwei , Mikayelyan Hayk
Published: April 2020

We consider an optimal rearrangement minimization problem involving the fractional Laplace operator (–Δ)s, 0 <s< 1, and the Gagliardo seminorm |u|s. We prove the existence of the unique minimizer, analyze its properties as well as derive the non-local and highly non-linear PDE it satisfies

$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle -(-{\it\Delta})^s U-\chi_{\{U\leq 0\}}\min\{-(-{\it\Delta})^s U^+;1\}=\chi_{\{U \gt 0\}}, \end{array}$$

which happens to be the fractional analogue of the normalized obstacle problemΔu=χ{u>0}.
A few problems connected with invariant measures of Markov maps - verification of some claims and opinions that circulate in the literature
Authors: Bugiel Peter , Wędrychowicz Stanisław , Rzepka Beata
Published: April 2020

It is well known thatC2-transformationφof the unit interval into itself with a Markov partition (2.1)π= {Ik:k∈K} admitsφ-invariant densityg(g≥ 0, ∥g∥ = 1) if: (2.2) ∣(φn)′∣ ≥C1> 1 for somen(expanding condition); (2.3) ∣φ″(x)/(φ′(y))2∣ ≤C2< ∞ (second derivative condition); and (2.4) #π< ∞ orφ(Ik) = [0, 1], for eachIk∈π. If (2.4) is deleted, then the situation dramatically changes. The cause of this fact was elucidated in connection with so-calledAdler’s Theorem([1] and [2]).

However after that time in the literature occur claims and opinions concerning the existence of invariant densities and their properties for Markov Maps, which satisfy (2.2), (2.3) and do not satisfy (2.4), revealing unacquaintance with that question.

In this note we discuss the problems arising from the mentioned claims and opinions. Some solutions of that problems are given, in a systematic way, on the base of the already published results and by providing appropriate examples.
Improving RNA secondary structure prediction via state inference with deep recurrent neural networks
Authors: Willmott Devin , Murrugarra David , Ye Qiang
Published: April 2020

The problem of determining which nucleotides of an RNA sequence are paired or unpaired in the secondary structure of an RNA, which we call RNA state inference, can be studied by different machine learning techniques. Successful state inference of RNA sequences can be used to generate auxiliary information for data-directed RNA secondary structure prediction. Typical tools for state inference, such as hidden Markov models, exhibit poor performance in RNA state inference, owing in part to their inability to recognize nonlocal dependencies. Bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks have emerged as a powerful tool that can model global nonlinear sequence dependencies and have achieved state-of-the-art performances on many different classification problems.

This paper presents a practical approach to RNA secondary structure inference centered around a deep learning method for state inference. State predictions from a deep bidirectional LSTM are used to generate synthetic SHAPE data that can be incorporated into RNA secondary structure prediction via the Nearest Neighbor Thermodynamic Model (NNTM). This method produces predicted secondary structures for a diverse test set of 16S ribosomal RNA that are, on average, 25 percentage points more accurate than undirected MFE structures. Accuracy is highly dependent on the success of our state inference method, and investigating the global features of our state predictions reveals that accuracy of both our state inference and structure inference methods are highly dependent on the similarity of pairing patterns of the sequence to the training dataset. Availability of a large training dataset is critical to the success of this approach. Code available athttps://github.com/dwillmott/rna-state-inf.
Effects of metallurgical factors on reticular crack formations in Nb-bearing pipeline steel
Authors: Zhu Hangyu , Wang Lanqing , Li Jianli , Zhao Jixuan , Yu Yue
Published: April 2020

Microscopic morphologies of reticular cracks in Nb-bearing pipeline surfaces are shown in this work. A decarburization layer, oxidized round spots, and the distributions of residual elements are each detected to better understand the mechanisms of reticular crack formations. The results show that reticular cracks are discontinuously distributed and filled with iron oxide. The oxidized round spots near the crack sides are larger and more intensive than steel matrix, with primary chemical compositions of Fe, Mn, and Si oxides. There is no obvious enrichment of Cu, Cr, or Sn near the crack zones. The formation of reticular cracks occurs prior to both decarburization and the formation of oxidized round spots. The ferrite potential (FP) of the examined pipeline steel is 1.05, which leads to a higher relative crack susceptibility. It is concluded that reticular cracks are generated during the continuous casting solidification process due to the extension of intergranular microcracks along grain boundaries under the abnormal conditions of the continuous casting process.
Reexamining the habit, occurrence, breeding season and conservation of the pen-tailed tree shrew Ptilocercus lowii
Authors: Han Kwai-Hin , Ragai Roslina , Stuebing Robert B.
Published: April 2020

A pen-tailed tree shrew (Ptilocercus lowii) specimen was live-trapped in 2006 in an Acacia plantation for the first known time at Samarakan Planted Forest Zone (PFZ) in Bintulu, Sarawak. However, its lack of recurring in other Acacia plantations suggests that the monoculture agricultural field is not a typical habitat for this species. Live-trapping data suggest that generally there were two breeding seasons per year for this species in Borneo: a more consistent one occurred between February and April, and a broader one between June and October. The second, the broader breeding season likely varied based on the microhabitat of each sampling site. In Samarakan PFZ, during the 2006 season, we recorded one breeding season between September and October, and in 2007 recorded one between June and July. Meanwhile, since the year 2000, this species was recorded at only 17 locations within its range of distribution in Southeast Asia, suggesting the possibility of population decline and shrinkage in its distribution range. Given the rapid disappearance of forested areas in Southeast Asia, stepping up the field studies and targeted sampling for this species becomes the priority task for all of its conservation work.
Plasmonic electro-optic modulator based on degenerate semiconductor interfaces
Authors: Vinnakota Raj K. , Dong Zuoming , Briggs Andrew F. , Bank Seth R. , Wasserman Daniel , Genov Dentcho A.
Published: April 2020

We present a semiconductor-based optoelectronic switch based on active modulation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at lattice-matched indium gallium arsenide (In0.53Ga0.47As) degenerately doped pn++ junctions. The experimental device, which we refer to as a surface plasmon polariton diode (SPPD), is characterized electrically and optically, showing far-field reflectivity modulation for mid-IR wavelengths. Self-consistent electro-optic multiphysics simulations of the device’s electrical and electromagnetic response have been performed to estimate bias-dependent modulation and switching times. The numerical model shows a strong agreement with the experimental results, validating the claim of excitation and modulation of SPPs at the junction, thus potentially providing a new pathway toward fast optoelectronic devices.
Ultrabright single-photon emission from germanium-vacancy zero-phonon lines: deterministic emitter-waveguide interfacing at plasmonic hot spots
Authors: Siampour Hamidreza , Wang Ou , Zenin Vladimir A. , Boroviks Sergejs , Siyushev Petr , Yang Yuanqing , Davydov Valery A. , Kulikova Liudmila F. , Agafonov Viatcheslav N. , Kubanek Alexander , Mortensen N. Asger , Jelezko Fedor , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I.
Published: April 2020

Striving for nanometer-sized solid-state single-photon sources, we investigate atom-like quantum emitters based on single germanium-vacancy (GeV) centers isolated in crystalline nanodiamonds (NDs). Cryogenic characterization indicated symmetry-protected and bright (>106 counts/s with off-resonance excitation) zero-phonon optical transitions with up to 6-fold enhancement in energy splitting of their ground states as compared to that found for GeV centers in bulk diamonds (i.e. up to 870 GHz in highly strained NDs vs. 150 GHz in bulk). Utilizing lithographic alignment techniques, we demonstrate an integrated nanophotonic platform for deterministic interfacing plasmonic waveguides with isolated GeV centers in NDs, which enables 10-fold enhancement of single-photon decay rates along with the emission direction control by judiciously designing and positioning a Bragg reflector. This approach allows one to realize the unidirectional emission from single-photon dipolar sources, thereby opening new perspectives for the realization of quantum optical integrated circuits.
Intellectual Freedom and Social Justice: Tensions Between Core Values in American Librarianship
Authors: Knox Emily J. M.
Published: April 2020

Over the past few years, tensions between two core values in U.S. librarianship, intellectual freedom and social justice, have roiled the profession. This conflict was most recently seen in the insertion and subsequent removal of “hate groups” to the list of entities that cannot be denied access to library meeting rooms in the American Library Association’s Meeting Rooms Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights. This paper is intended to provide context for this conflict. It begins by situating its arguments within ethical philosophy, specifically the study of values or axiology. It then provides an overview of the theoretical foundations of the values of liberalism. Next, the paper discusses the values of truth and freedom from harm in librarianship. Finally, it suggests that a fuller understanding of the library’s place within the public sphere is a possible model for mitigating the tensions currently found in American librarianship. The paper is intended to provide a theoretical foundation for further research.
Modelling Bronze Age sheepherding and wool production: the case of the Terramara settlement at Montale, Italy
Authors: Sabatini Serena
Published: April 2020

Arguing for an integrated wool-textile economy in the Bronze Age, this paper assesses characteristics and scale of pastoral economy and sheepherding at the Terramare settlement of Montale (Modena province, Italy). Previous studies argued that Montale was a Bronze Age centre of wool production. The present work enhances the understanding of the local textile economy by investigating the evidence for sheepherding and landscape management at the site. It also proposes an interdisciplinary-based approach to investigate and reconstruct pastoral economy and sheepherding strategies in other prehistoric contexts as well.
Light-Induced ignition of Carbon Nanotubes and energetic nano-materials: a review on methods and advanced technical solutions for nanoparticles-enriched fuels combustion
Authors: Visconti Paolo , Primiceri Patrizio , de Fazio Roberto , Strafella Luciano , Ficarella Antonio , Carlucci Antonio Paolo
Published: April 2020

Aim of the present manuscript is to provide an overview of all possible methods and light source typologies used by the different research groups for obtaining the energetic nano-materials’ photo-ignition, showing the latest progress related to such phenomenon employing, also, alternative radiation sources to the common Xe lamp. In fact, the employment of a different source typology can open new usage prospects respect to those enabled by the Xe lamp, mainly due to its technological limitations. Therefore, several studies are faced to test light sources, such as lasers and LEDs, for igniting the nano-energetic materials (as CNTs mixed with metallic catalyzers, Al / CuO nano-particles, etc); these nano-materials are usefully employed for starting, in volumetric and controlled way, the combustion of air-fuel mixtures inside internal combustion engines, leading to significant benefits to the combustion process also in terms of efficiency, reliability, and emissions of pollutants. Several research works are presented in literature concerning the ignition of liquid / gaseous fuels, without nano-particles, employing laser sources (i.e laser-based plugs in place of the common spark plugs); therefore, an innovative solution is proposed that employs multi-point laser-plugs for inducing the ignition of nano-materials dispersed into the air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder, so further improving the combustion of the fuel in an internal combustion engine.
Advances in membranes and membrane reactors for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process for biofuel production
Authors: Liuzzi Dalia , Fernandez Ekain , Perez Susana , Ipiñazar Enrique , Arteche Amaya , Fierro José Luís G. , Viviente Jose Luis , Pacheco Tanaka David Alfredo , Rojas Sergio
Published: April 2020

The biomass-to-liquid (BtL) process is a promising technology to obtain clean, liquid, second-generation biofuels and chemicals. The BtL process, which comprises several steps, is based upon the gasification of biomass and the catalytic transformation of the syngas that is obtained via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction, producing a hydrocarbon pool known as syncrude. The FTS process is a well-established technology, and there are currently very large FTS plants operating worldwide that produce liquid fuels and hydrocarbons from natural gas (NG) (gas-to-liquids, GtL process) and coal (coal-to-liquids, CtL process). Due to the limited availability of local biomass, the size of the BtL plants should be downscaled compared to that of a GtL or CtL plant. Since the feasibility of the XtL (X refers to any energy source that can be converted to liquid, including coal, NG, biomass, municipal solid waste, etc.) processes is strongly influenced by the economies of scale, the viability of small-scale BtL plants can be compromised. An interesting approach to overcome this issue is to increase the productivity of the FTS process by developing reactors and catalysts with higher productivities to generate the desired product fraction. Recently, by integrating membrane reactors with the FTS process the gas feeding and separation unit have been demonstrated in a single reactor. In this review, the most significant achievements in the field of catalytic membrane reactors for the FTS process will be discussed. Different types of membranes and configurations of membrane reactors, including H2O separation and H2-feed distribution, among others, will be analyzed.
Pain psychology in the 21st century: lessons learned and moving forward
Authors: Flink Ida K. , Reme Silje , Jacobsen Henrik Børsting , Glombiewski Julia , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. , Nicholas Michael K. , Main Chris J. , Peters Madelon , Williams Amanda C. de C. , Schrooten Martien G.S. , Shaw William , Boersma Katja
Published: April 2020

Background and aims

In the spring of 2019, Professor Steven J. Linton, the founder of the Center for Health and Medical Psychology (CHAMP) at Örebro University, Sweden, formally retired. As a tribute to his scholarly work covering decades of influence and inspiration to the field of pain psychology, the research center organized a topical conference titled“Pain in the 21st century: Where do we come from and where are we going?”, which resulted in this state-of the-art synthesis. The aim of this declaration is to highlight lessons learned but not in the least is meant to inspire and guide our continued journey forward, developing pain psychology into the 21st century.

Methods

Several collaborators of Professor Linton have summarized and reflected on the current state-of-the-art of pain psychology from the perspective of his input to the field, as well as on developments from the last years of advancements in pain psychology.

Results

The topics have been divided into six themed sections covering the fear avoidance model, transdiagnostics, secondary prevention, risk- and protective factors, communication and contextual factors. The sections cover a broad spectrum, from basic experimental studies, integrating emotion and motivational theories into current theoretical models, to applied research on the effect of early interventions as well as sophisticated emotion-focused treatment models for pain patients with concurrent emotional ill-health.

Conclusions

There have been major advancements within pain psychology research during the last decades, moving the field towards a more comprehensive picture, taking emotional and motivational aspects into account to understand pain sufferers. Although psychologically informed interventions in general mainly focus on the individual, it has been put forward that pain management is highly influenced by the surrounding environment, including communication with health care providers, and the occupational and social context.

Implications

Professor Steven J. Linton has been at the forefront of pain psychology research during the last decades, and inspired by his work this journey will continue into the 21st century, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the understanding and treatment for all people suffering from persistent and disabling pain.