bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Autonomy Really Matter in Language Learning?
Authors: Şakrak-Ekin Gülnihal , Balçıkanlı Cem
Published: December 2019

The main aim of this study was to unravel the possible relationship between individuals’ level of autonomy as EFL learners and academic success in terms of language learning at the tertiary level. Additionally, this quantitative study focused on exploring EFL learners’ level of autonomy and also the relationship between learner autonomy and some personal factors, including gender, age, English level, and the length of English education. In order to assess the participants’ levels of autonomy, a questionnaire consisting of 66 items was administered to 267 university students, who were Turkish-speakers of English as a foreign language. The findings showed that more than half of the learners (65.2%) had a high autonomy level with a mean autonomy score of 461.37 out of 660. As for the personal variables, only gender was found to be a significant factor in regards to learners’ autonomy, in this case, in favour of females. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between learner autonomy level and the academic success of language learners. In other words, the academic success of language learners increased with their autonomy and vice versa. In accordance with the literature, the present study revealed that learner autonomy could be considered one of the factors that affects the success of language learners. Based on the findings, it might be suggested that learner autonomy and possible ways to promote it in and out of class should be given more importance. Further empirical research was suggested in order to comprehend unexplored aspects of learner autonomy in language learning.
Pragmeme of Political Humour in Selected Nigerian Political Cartoons
Authors: Oluremi Tolulope
Published: December 2019

Political humour is a recurring element in print media and other genres, touching various areas of Nigerian political discourse. A number of research studies have investigated political humour in contemporary Nigerian political discourse. The political humour deployed in responding to some prominent political events in 2016, however, is relatively unexplored. This current endeavour, therefore, attempts to examine the pragmeme of humour in selected 2016 political events that are remediated in political cartoons. These include political matters such as Nigeria’s 56th Independence Anniversary, the crusade against corruption, which Muhammadu Buhari commenced when he became the President of Nigeria, and the alleged 2016 budget padding scandal that rocked the House of Representatives. The frameworks for the study comprise Flamson and Barrett’s Encryption Theory of Humour and Mey’s Pragmeme Theory. The six political cartoons that were subjected to discourse interpretations were culled from Aprokotoons Media, Nigeria’s foremost internet-based cartoon journal with a large collection of relevant cartoon resources for print and electronic media. The results revealed that audiences who were well informed on these political activities were able to decrypt the cartoons because they shared the same key political knowledge as the cartoonist. Thus, honest laughter is produced, but on the other hand, the cartoons’ essential features are subordinated to the pragmeme of humour of idle campaign promises and Nigeria’s hopeless condition at 56; self-centred leadership, lawmakers who are lawbreakers, and that the worst form of corruption is selective justice. Hence, these findings enhance the public perception of the country’s political actors, and underscore the need for rethinking the sensibility of political acts, promises, and decisions.
Referential Coherence of Academic Texts: A Corpus-Based Analysis of L2 Research Papers in Management
Authors: Smirnova Elizaveta A.
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on referential coherence, which is seen as a crucial attribute of effective academic writing. Findings are reported from a corpus study of Russian students’ research proposals. The learners’ use of anaphoric expressions is compared with a reference corpus, which comprises research articles published in peer-reviewed journals. It was hypothesised that learners use anaphora less frequently than professional writers and face some difficulties when using anaphoric expressions. The results of the analysis partly confirmed the hypothesis and allowed the identification of particular problems connected with the students’ use of anaphoric expressions, which were then classified into several groups. Examples of exercises aimed at dealing with the identified problems are also provided. It is hoped that the reported findings, as well as the author’s suggested reasons for the problems and possible ways of dealing with them, will be useful for EAP practitioners, researchers, and students writing their research papers in English.
Exploring Iranian EFL Learners’ Listening Skills via TED Talks: Does Medium Make a Difference?
Authors: Rashtchi Mojgan , Mazraehno Mohammad Reza Tollabi
Published: December 2019

This quasi-experimental study examined whether TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) talks could improve the listening skills of Iranian EFL learners. The study also explored whether the different media of instruction could have differing impacts on the students’ learning. Sixty intermediate level male learners aged between 18 and 20 in three intact classes (n1=n2=n3=20) were the participants selected through convenience sampling. The groups were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group after ensuring that they were at the same level of language proficiency. One of the experimental groups watched TED talks via mobile devices, another group watched them through laptops, and the control group practiced listening through DVDs and CDs of the course textbook (American File 2) for ten sessions. It is worth mentioning that the mobile group watched the videos outside of the class, whereas the laptop and control groups practiced listening in the class. Every session, the participants answered some comprehension questions to enable the researchers to measure their development. The repeated measures ANOVA showed the improvement of the listening skills of all participants in the three groups during the treatment. The results of the one-way ANOVA and post hoc comparison revealed statistically significant differences between the mobile group watching the TED talks and the control group, but no differences were found between the mobile group and the laptop group or between the control and the laptop groups. The researchers inferred that the observed difference was due to using TED talks via mobile devices in the study. They could also conclude that TED talks are useful sources of practicing listening skills. The study shows the efficacy of self-directed learning via mobile devices and has implications for teachers and practitioners who are seeking ways to extend language learning beyond the confinements of the classroom.
The Plasticity of Students’ Language Learning Beliefs: The Interplay of Gender, Grade and Educational Level
Authors: Dubravac Vildana , Latić Esma
Published: December 2019

Understanding learners’ epistemological beliefs as one of the core segments underlying one’s learning experience is of cardinal importance both from the point of conveying as well as acquiring new knowledge. In English language teaching studying language learning beliefs has aroused a widespread research interest, with its genesis found in the seminal paper by Horwitz (1987), whose instrument (BALLI) was employed to collect the data in the present paper. In the under-researched context of Bosnia and Herzegovina the current study explores language learning beliefs of 233 elementary school and university students, taking into account the main and interaction effect of three factors: gender, grade and educational level. Through ANOVA and MANOVA statistical analyses, the results revealed an insignificant main effect of gender and grade on the BALLI while the latter significantly affected one of the subscales. Conversely, educational level demonstrated a significant main effect on both the BALLI and one subscale. Most importantly, the study showed interesting interplay of the three factors on the shaping of learners’ stances. These findings bring a significant realization of the complexity of the beliefs as well as their ever-changing nature with relevant pedagogical implications for the field of second language acquisition.
INVESTIGATION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND AWARENESS CONCERNED WITH THE NORMAL AND CESAREAN DELIVERY OF FEMALE MEDICAL FACULTY STUDENTS
Authors: GÜNYELİ İlker , SAYGIN Mustafa
Published: December 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness about the
vaginal and cesarean deliveries of only female students attending 4th grade of
Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine. Material and Methods: In order to determine the knowledge and awareness level of the information
about the normal delivery and cesarean delivery, a survey was developed by us
in accordance with the literature. The survey includes the personal information
form and the questions exploring knowledge and attitudes about the normal
delivery and cesarean delivery. Results:
59 students who completed the gynecology and obstetrics internship (Group
1), with a mean age of 22,03 ± 2,84 and 23 students who non-completed the
internship (Group 2), with a mean age of 22,44 ± 1,04 were included the study.
In group 1, the rate of want to have a normal delivery in the future was 62.3%
(n=38) (in the other group was 72.7%). When the students' thoughts were
evaluated in terms of the most reliable delivery mode; In the group 1, this was
vaginal delivery because of answer “less complicated” (83.3%; n=50), whereas in
the group 2, all participants (100%; n=21) preferred vaginal delivery option
(with thinking that it is healthier). The highest cause of fear in both groups
was delivery pains.

Conclusion: The level of knowledge, attitude, and awareness was found to be very low
generally. According to the study, it is understood that there is a need for
additional training programs during the internship.
Prior use of medication for primary prevention in patients with coronary syndrome v1
Authors: Machado Alba Jorge , Gaviria Mendoza Andres , Andrés Zapata-Carmona Julián , Alirio Restrepo-Bastidas Andrés , Luisa Betancur Pulgarín Carmen
Published: December 2019

To determine the drug prescription profile for primary cardiovascular prevention prior to a first acute coronary syndrome event.Cross-sectional study from patients with a diagnosis of a first episode of acute coronary syndrome. We included patients affiliated with one healthcare insurer of the Colombian Health System, of any sex and age, with a diagnosis of a first episode of acute coronary syndrome that occurred during the period of 2015 to 2016. Sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological variables were evaluated from clinical records. The cardiovascular risk score prior to the event was calculated, and the need for the use of statins and aspirin in primary prevention was defined according to the recommendations of clinical practice guidelines. Clinical records of 322 patients were reviewed with mean age of 61.9±10.8 years, and 77.3% were men. The most frequent comorbidities were dyslipidemia (64.3%), arterial hypertension (62.7%) and diabetes mellitus (30.1%); 22% of the patients were obese, and 33.5% were smokers. The median 10-year risk according to Framingham risk score was 21.4%, and it was 16.3% according to the American Heart Association. There were 179 patients (84.8%) who needed statins (175 of high intensity, 97.8%), and 88 (27.3%) required aspirin as a primary prevention; however, 56 of these patients (31.3%) did not receive any statins, 127 (72.6%) did not receive the high intensity statin they needed, and 38 (43.2%) lacked aspirin. Real-life data show that among a group of patients with high cardiovascular risk, a substantial proportion were not receiving medications for primary prevention necessary to reduce their risk and finally suffered an acute coronary event.
Matematik Öğretmen Adaylarının Klinik Görüşmeler Aracılığıyla Öğrenci Düşüncelerine Yönelik Tespitleri ve Yorumları
Authors: DİDİŞ KABAR Makbule Gözde , TATAROĞLU TAŞDAN Berna
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul matematik öğretmen
adaylarının gerçekleştirdikleri klinik görüşmeler sürecinde kesirler
konusundaki öğrenci düşüncelerine yönelik tespitlerinin ve bu tespitlerine yönelik yorumlarının incelenmesidir.
Çalışmanın katılımcıları 41 dördüncü sınıf ortaokul matematik öğretmen
adayıdır. Çalışmada öğretmen adayları bir dönem boyunca 3-4 haftalık
aralıklarla toplam üç kez, farklı başarı düzeylerine sahip öğrencilerle
“kesirler” konusunda birebir görüşmeler gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Bu çalışmanın
veri kaynaklarını öğretmen adaylarının her bir klinik görüşme uygulamasından
sonra verilen değerlendirme formundaki sorulara grupça verdikleri yazılı cevapları,
öğretmen adaylarına ait gözlem notları ve klinik görüşmelerin  yazılı dökümleri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın
verileri nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz
edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları matematik öğretmen adaylarının klinik
görüşmeler sürecinde, öğrencilerin yanlış bilgileri ve doğru bilgileri ile
ilgili, öğrencilerin kullandıkları çözüm stratejileri ve çözümlerini
açıklayabilmeleri ile ilgili tespitlerde bulunduklarını göstermiştir. Öğretmen
adaylarının öğrenci düşünceleri ile ilgili tespitlerini yorumlarken ise “öğrenci”
veya “öğretmen” ile ilişkilendirdikleri belirlenmiştir.
ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF RESERVOIR ROCKS FROM RUNOVSCHYNSKA FIELD ON THE BASIS OF PETROPHYSICAL STUDIES IN VARIOUS PRESSURE CONDITIONS
Authors: Bezrodna I. , Vyzhva S.
Published: December 2019

The results of rock physics study of 68 core samples from well No. 110 of the Runovshchynska field of the Dnipro-Donets depression in Ukraine are presented. Investigation of the P-waves on samples under different pressure conditions with the use of 'Kern-4' and high pressure VSC-1000 was performed. Analysis of the obtained data and calculated reservoir values of P-waves was performed. The character of the change in velocity of P- and S-waves for atmospheric conditions is considered. It is shown that the predominant amount of water saturated samples has a velocity of P-waves 3200–3500 m/s (dry samples 2100–2550 m/s), and the S-wave velocity for saturated samples is 2100–2550 m/s (dry specimens 1400–1500 m/s). For a collection of samples, which were measured in atmospheric conditions, the correlation dependence between velocities of P-waves and their density with a close correlation was established. Correlation dependences between elastic wave velocities and the connected porosity of saturated samples were investigated. The dependences of type Vð = f (Kð) with high correlation coefficient for three separate picks of the homotypic sandstones were established. During the analysis of the acoustic studies results under conditions of variable pressure for the majority of samples from the studied intervals, the authors obtained the following common factors. The values of the P-wave velocity, measured in atmospheric conditions, are always smaller than the values obtained after the removal of the pressure; however, there are sometimes quite noticeable fluctuations in their difference, which can be explained by a sharp (possibly hopping) closure of microcracks in the rock with increasing pressure and their delayed opening or non-disclosure when it is reduced. The most contrasting changes in the behavior of the P-wave velocities are haracteristic for several samples (Nos. 27, 48, 50, 53/1), which is most likely due to the void space structure in the rocks, possibly with an increased number of microcracks compared with other samples. On the basis of a priori data and the results of researches of samples at variable pressures, the authors calculated the P-wave velocities in reservoir conditions, conducted their comparative analysis with velocities that are characteristic for samples in atmospheric conditions, built a tight (R² = 0,85) correlation dependence of the investigated parameters.
USE OF B-SPLINES IN DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED GEOLOGICAL-SURVEYING SUPPORTSYSTEM
Authors: Zelensky A.
Published: December 2019

Purpose. The effectiveness of the development of an information system for quarry management is primarily determined by the level of geological and surveying support (GSS), which includes solving such basic tasks as calculating reserves (operational and complete), accounting for ore mining, building the information base for mining planning and management, and field modeling, and career, ore body contouring, etc. The purpose of this work is to develop and use B-Splines in the automation of geological surveying software in the quarry.

Research methods. The basis of many tasks is the construction of surfaces. For the first time in recent years, an uneven rational Bspline (NURBS) is used to describe them, which most fully satisfies the following criteria: the model's adequacy to the real representation, the efficiency of model formation and surface construction, and the visualization of the model in three-dimensional space.

Scientific novelty. The advantages of constructing surfaces using NURBS are as follows: ease of calculation; sufficient smoothness; construction of the surface of any degree of complexity; using the weights of the control points, control of the surface (it can pass strictly through the specified control points). The latter property made it possible with the help of a NURBS surface to effectively model the day surface of a quarry with a strict passage of the surface through points of the ledges.

Practical significance. For the joint Russian-Mongolian enterprise Erdenet (Mongolia), developing the copper-molybdenum deposit, an integrated automated GSS system has been developed and has been in operation for many years. Software and algorithmic tasks of the system are constantly being improved. This article presents its latest developments and development paths. The use of NURBS allowed us to construct the day surface of the open-pit mine, to improve the complete calculation of reserves, the accounting of ore mining, and the delineation of ore bodies along the open-pit horizons.

Results. The software is implemented in C++ and C# for Windows. To build three-dimensional graphics, the tools of the open graphic library OpenGL are used. Separate modules of the developed GSS system were used at the Novokrivoyorogsk and Ingulets mining and processing plants. The methodology for constructing automated GSSs has been approved by many years of positive experience in industrial implementation and can be used for non-ferrous ore and iron ore deposits.
STATISTICAL SIMULATION OF RANDOM FIELD ON 2D AREA WITH WHITTLE-MATERN TYPECORRELATION FUNCTION IN THE GEOPHYSICAL PROBLEM OF ENVIRONMENT MONITORING
Authors: Vyzhva Z. , Demidov V. , Vyzhva A.
Published: December 2019

Due to the increasing number of natural and technogenic disasters the development of geological environment monitoring system is actual one using modern mathematical tools and information technology. The local monitoring of potentially dangerous objects is an important part of the overall environment monitoring system.

The complex geophysical research was conducted on Rivne NPP area. The monitoring observations radioisotope study of soil density and humidity near the perimeter of buildings is of the greatest interest among these.

In this case a problem occurred to supplement simulated data that were received at the control of chalky strata density changes at the research industrial area with use of radioisotope methods on a grid that included 29 wells.

This problem was solved in this work by statistical simulation method that provides the ability to display values (the random field of a research object on a plane) in any point of the monitoring area. The chalk strata averaged density at the industrial area was simulated using the built model and the involvement optimal in the mean square sense Whittle-Matern type correlation function.

In this paper the method is used and the model and procedure were developed with enough adequate data for Whittle-Matern type correlation function.

The model and algorithm were developed and examples of karst-suffusion phenomena statistical simulation were given in the problem of density chalk strata monitoring at the Rivne NPP area. The statistical model of averaged density chalk strata distribution was built in the plane and statistical simulation algorithm was developed using Whittle-Matern type correlation function on the basis of spectral decomposition. The research subject realizations were obtained with required detail and regularity at the observation grid based on the developed software. Statistical analysis of the numerical simulation results was done and tested for its adequacy.
BIOCENTRIC-NETWORKING CONFIGURATION OF THE FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES OF THE LEFT BANK OF UKRAINE: METRIZATION AND ASSESSMENT FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE LANDSCAPE PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Udovychenko V.
Published: December 2019

The aim of the research is to do metrization and evaluation of the biocentric-networking configuration of landscapes on the example of the foreststeppe complexes of the Left Bank of Ukraine research area as a key basis for the landscape planning implementation by using GIS-parcel MapInfo Professional 15.0. Specificity of the biocentric-networking configuration of landscapes of the research area is taken into account according to the hierarchic, structural morphometric and landscape presentivness principles, and due to the concept of landscape diversity, biocentric-networking structure of landscape of a skeleton type, landscape-planning skeleton, and from the functional landscape features evaluation point of view. For the first time detachment, metrization, graphic and mapping modelling of the biocentric-networking configuration of the forest-steppe landscapes complexes of the Left Bank of Ukraine research area was done according to its division into the geniuses and units, its elements differentiation establishing; evaluation of the specificity of their formation and typization according to its environment stabilizing function and landscape-topological territory structure was done for the purpose of future landscape-planning activities elaboration and implementation.
Pediatric neurology and epilepsy care in low-middle income countries: Importance of collaborative efforts and active involvement of local leaders.
Authors: Vidaurre Jorge , Clarke Dave , Spiciarich Mary , Beal Jules , Moshé Solomon
Published: December 2019

The lack of access to proper neurological care is a significant problem in low- to middle-income countries.The development of local training programmes, development of national programmes in collaboration with medical colleges and creation of online educational material are examples of various initiatives currently being implemented across the world.Collaborative efforts between medical societies and these local groups will be vital to the success of these initiatives, and for the improvement of access to paediatric neurology care in these underserved areas.
Türkiye’nin Mevcut İç Güvenlik Yapısı ve 15 Temmuz Sonrası Yeni Bir Yapılanma Modeli
Authors: TEKİNER Mehmet Ali , GEMİCİ Eser
Published: December 2019

İnsanların en temel ihtiyaçlarından biri olan güvenlik ihtiyacı, yine aynı bireylerin bir araya gelerek meydana getirdikleri örgütsel bir yapı olan devletin yerine getirmesi gereken temel işlevlerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Çünkü toplumdaki bireyler sadece kendi güvenliğinden değil diğer bireylerin de güvenliğinden emin olmak isterler. Devlet ilgili tüm bu ihtiyaçları giderirken sadece dış güvenliğe ilişkin hususları dikkate almaz aynı zamanda iç güvenliği de sağlayarak toplumun güvenli bir ortamda huzurlu ve rahat bir şekilde yaşamasına olanak sağlar. Bu anlamda iç güvenliğe ilişkin gündelik hayattaki tüm unsurlar ve aynı zamanda kamu düzeninin korunması hususu polis, jandarma ve sahil güvenlik komutanlığı aracılığı ile yerine getirilir.

Bu çalışmada, 15 Temmuz’a kadar olan süreçte Türkiye’nin sahip olduğu iç güvenlik yapısı ve kolluk kuvvetlerinin karşılaştığı sorunlar ele alınmıştır. Diğer yandan farklı ülkelerdeki iç güvenlik yapısı incelenmiş ve bu anlamda karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır.Tüm bu verilerden yararlanılarak,Türkiye’nin iç güvenlik birimlerinin yapısına ilişkin bir tablo oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.Farklı kurumlara bağlı kolluk kuvvetleri arasındaki gerek istihbarat paylaşımı gerek eğitim gerekse devletin kritik noktaları olması bakımından belli grupların hedefi haline gelmesihususları irdelenmiştir. Tüm bu nedenlerle bu makalede,15 Temmuz tecrübesi ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı sisteminin ardından Türkiye’nin iç güvenlik yapısında yeni bir yapılanmanın hayata geçirilmesinin Türkiye’nin iç güvenliğinin güçlü ve daha etkin hale gelmesi bakımlarından yararlı olacağı değerlendirilmektedir.
On The Business Strategies of Major Foreign-Owned Multinational Corporations in Turkey After July 15 Coup Attempt
Authors: ÖZBOZKURT Onur Başar
Published: December 2019

This study aims to fulfill a clear need for researches in both Turkish and foreign literature, and examined the options related to the alternative strategies of multinational companies (MNCs) in case of a possible coup and similar attempts in the countries. From this point of view, business management strategies of major foreign-owned MNCs in Turkey during and after the July 15 failed coup attempt are at the core of this study. In this sense, it has been observed that the major foreign-owned MNCs have implemented resistance and adaptation strategies instead of withdrawal option that end up with an increase in sales volume and profitability in Turkey. It has been seen in this study that the coup and coup attempts, on the one hand, may create a risky business climate for the business world, but on the other hand, bring business opportunities for foreign-owned MNCs’ higher profitability.
Correspondencia entre César Vallejo y Luis E. Valcárcel
Authors: CABEL JESÚS
Published: December 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo establecer la relación de correspondencia entre César Vallejo y el insigne historiador Luis Eduardo Valcárcel Vizcarra, lo cual nos demuestra una vez más la atención especial que César Vallejo prestaba a los escritores peruanos y al Perú. A partir de las tres cartas, aún inéditas, halladas en el archivo del ilustre historiador, pertenecientes a la última etapa en vida del poeta; puede advertirse su reafirmación de fe “por los trances, pasados y presentes, de mi raza que están ligados a la arqueología e historia, solidarizándose plenamente con sus esfuerzos al servicio de los valores y derroteros indígenas de nuestro pueblo”. Al leer detenidamente su correspondencia en general, y estas en particular, vamos a encontrar que la comunicación que sostenía con los poetas y escritores peruanos, a propósito de la edición de los libros de estos, opera en él un cambio total; hay un tono celebratorio, fraternal y de adhesión espiritual permanente.

Palabras clave: Correspondencia; raza; derroteros indígenas; fraternal; adhesión.

Abstract

The objective of this work is to establish the correspondence between our universal poet and the distinguished historian Luis E. Valcarcel (Luis Eduardo Valcárcel Vizcarra), which shows and demonstrates once again the special attention that César Vallejo paid to Peruvian writers and to Peru. From three letters, still unpublished, found in the illustrious historian´s archive, belonging to the last stage of the poet’s life, one can notice his reaffirmation of faith “by the vicissitudes, past and present, of my race that are linked to archaeology and history, in full solidarity with their efforts to serve the values and indigenous paths of our people”. On reading his correspondence in general and this one in particular, we will find that the communication he maintained with Peruvian poets and writers regarding the publication of their books, operates in him a total change; there is a celebratory tone, fraternal and of permanent spiritual attachment.

Keywords: Correspondence; race; indigenous routes; fraternal; attachment.
La conciencia del dolor
Authors: MERINO ANTONIO
Published: December 2019

Con Los Heraldos Negros (1919) comienza su primera arqueología literaria, que reunió, a partir de escritos anteriores, un amplio conocimiento de las estructuras simbólicas de las tendencias literarias que inundaron los foros académicos en el siglo XX. Además, en 1919 Vallejo dibuja una nueva línea en su complejo universo poético gracias a los nuevos “compañeros de viaje” (Orego. Garrildo. Imaña. Haya de la Torre ...) y de diferentes escritos y autores como Poe, Tennyson, Schiller ..., que le permitió conocer mejor la realidad de su tiempo; un tiempo donde Vallejo es siempre dialéctico, es decir, contradictorio, de exaltación, recuerdos y expectativas, pero siempre humano, tan humano que es capaz de interrumpir las estructuras del viejo modernismo en una escala de voces y sonidos (cerca de poetas como Herrera y Reissig o José Asunción Silva), que a lo largo de los años, terminarán rompiendo los cánones más tradicionales y destronarán a los dioses falsos del Olimpo.

Palabras clave: Dialéctica, lenguaje, tradición, torsión, temporalidad.

Abstract

With Los Heraldos Negros (1919) begins his first literary archeology, that gathered, from previous writings a wide knowledge of the symbolic structures of the literary trends that flooded the academic forums in the 20th century. In addition, in 1919 Vallejo draws a new line in his complex poetic universe thanks to new “travel companions” (Orego. Garrildo. Imaña. Haya de la Torre…) and from different writings and authors like Poe, Tennyson, Schiller…, that allowed him to know better the reality of his time; a time where Vallejo is always dialectical, that is, contradictory, of exaltation, memories and expectings, but always human, so human that he is able to disrupt the structures of old modernism in a scale of voices and sounds (close to poets as Herrera y Reissig or José Asunción Silva), that over the years, will end up breaking the most traditional canons and dethrone fake gods from the Olympus.

Palabras clave: Dialectics, Language, Tradition, Torsion, Temporality.
Deteksi spora Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Parwanto MLE
Published: December 2019

Bacillus anthracis ditemukan dalam 2 bentuk yaitu bentuk vegetatif dan bentuk spora. Pada prinsipnya, faktor virulensi anthrax karena produksi kapsul dan eksotoksin selama fase vegetatif.(1) Spora B. anthracis berupa endospora dan merupakan agen infeksi yang tahan terhadap panas, kering, zat kimia maupun iradiasi serta dapat bertahan dalam waktu yang lama. (2) Infeksi spora B. anthracis mengakibatkan penyakit anthrax antara lain pada usus, kulit dan paru-paru. Penyakit anthrax termasuk penyakit zoonosis yang berpotensi mematikan terhadap manusia.(3)
Evaluation of diagnostic criteria of heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Dzyurich T. A. , Chesnikova A. I. , Terentyev V. P. , Kolomatskaya O. E. , Safronenko V. A.
Published: December 2019

Aim. Assess the diagnostic significance of markers of heart failure, to identify the features of clinical symptoms and structural and functional remodeling of the left and right heart in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in combination with atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and methods. groups of patients were formed: group 1 – patients with COPD without cardiovascular diseases (n=28), group 2 – patients with CHF and COPD without AF (n=30), group 3 – patients with CHF and AF without COPD (n=33), group 4 (main) – patients with CHF, AF and COPD (n=29). Patients were evaluated for clinical symptoms, 6-minute walk test, echocardiographic study, determined the concentration of natriuretic peptides (NUP): N-terminal fragment of the precursor of cerebral NUP (NT-proBNP) and mid-regional pro-atrial NUP (MR-proANP). Results. In patients with CHF on the background of AF and COPD, a higher score of the severity of clinical symptoms was established in comparison with the 3rd group (p<0,001). The features of heart remodeling in patients of the main group were revealed in comparison with patients with CHF and AF without COPD: lower volume indices of the left (p=0,001) and right (p=0,004) atria and values of the indexed index of the end-diastolic area of the right ventricle (RV) (p=0,007), lower contractility of the RV, the presence of RV hypertrophy. The effect of AF on the structural and functional parameters of the heart in patients with CHF, COPD and AF can be judged by comparison with patients with CHF and COPD without AF: higher values of the size of the RV (p=0,012), indexed index of the end-systolic area of the RV (p<0,001), lower systolic function of the RV on the background of higher pressure in the RV cavity (p=0,001). Defined the highest level of NT-proBNP in patients with CHF, AF and COPD in comparison with its level in patients of the 2nd group (p<0,001) and in patients 3rd groups (p=0,010). Higher levels of MR-proANP were found in patients with CHF and AF without COPD (p<0,001). Conclusion. In patients with CHF, AF and COPD, more pronounced clinical symptoms are caused by chronic bronchial obstruction. Pathogenetic features of left and right heart remodeling in patients with CHF on the background of AF and COPD were revealed. For the early detection of HF in patients with AF the greatest diagnostic importance is the determination of the level of MR-proANP, however, in patients with combined AF and COPD the most informative is the determination of the concentration of NT-proBNP.
Does Platelet and Inflammatory Readings Differ Between Chronic Heart Failure Patients‘ Groups According to NYHA Functional Classes?
Authors: Mongirdienė Aušra , Laukaitienė Jolanta , Skipskis Vilius
Published: December 2019

It is stated in the literature that thrombosis in the chronic heart failure (CHF) patients may be caused by interaction of inflammation and platelets. The incidence of venous thromboembolism in heart failure patients is found to be the highest in the patients classified as NYHA IV. We aimed to test the hypothesis that prothrombotic state depends on inflammation. We have compared the C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen concentration, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet aggregation in CHF patients’ groups according to New York Heart Association (NYHA). 203 patients with CHF with reduced ejection fraction (systolic heart failure classes I‒IV according to NYHA) were included in the study. There were no statistically significant differences in fibrinogen concentration, CRP, PLT and platelet aggregation between the groups according to NYHA. The MPV was statistically significant higher in NYHA IV group than in NYHA III, NYHA II and NYHA I groups (10.86 ± 1.14 and 9.78 ± 1.21 and 9.65 ± 1.22 and 9.21 ± 0.59 respectively, p = 0.006). There was a weak correlation between CRP and PLT (r = 0.293, p = 0.010), and between MPV and fibrinogen concentration (r=0.205, p=0.012). There was a moderate correlation between MPV and NYHA (r = 0.361, p < 0.001) and between fibrinogen concentration and CRP (r = 0.381, p < 0.001). MPV rising in the patients’ groups and correlation between MPV and NYHA class, and plasma fibrinogen concentration, correlation between PLT and CRP, correlation between CRP and NT-proBNP concentration confirm, that low inflammation can take place in the MPV rising.
Transcriptional Analysis of HELA Cells - Producers of the Recombinant Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein PGLYRP1 at Different Stages of the Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Development
Authors: Bobrovsky P.A. , Larin A.K. , Polina N.F. , Lazarev V.N.
Published: December 2019

Human peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGLYRPs) are the components of innate immunity that exhibit antibacterial activity. In this study a cell line secreting recombinant PGLYRP1 into a culture medium was obtained. Transcriptional profiling of cell lines expressing PGLYRP1 was performed at different stages of C. trachomatis infection. Differential gene expression was studied using the whole transcriptome profiling method on the HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip microchip using the Illumina Direct Hybridization Whole-Gene Expression Assay protocol. Sample clustering followed by bioinformatics analysis revealed about 100 differentially expressed genes in response to infection with C. trachomatis. PGLYRP1- expressing cells infected with C. trachomatis had a similar transcriptional profile as non-infected cells.
Effects of aloe vera extracted on liver and kidney function changes induced by hydrogen peroxide in rats
Authors: Abdal Tarik Abdulqadir , Haji Aziza Raof , Markus Melen Mansour
Published: December 2019

Background: Aloe vera (Aloes) is a member of the Liliaceae family that is used as herbal medicine in many cultures for several purposes. The present study was designed to investigate the role of Aloe vera leaf gel extracts on lipid profiles and liver and kidney functions in rats.Methods: In this experimental investigation, a total of 20 healthy rats were divided into four following groups. Group I fed with normal diet and water. Group II administrated by 1% hydrogen peroxide with drinking water in a dark bottle prepared daily. Group III administrated with 5 ml of aloe vera oil added to 25 grams of their ratio for each rat (25 ml oil/125 g) also prepared daily with normal drinking water. Group IV also administrated with 5 ml of aloe vera oil added to 25 grams of their ratio with drinking water that contains 1% hydrogen peroxide in a dark bottle. The rats in all four groups fed for 21 days.Results: The subjects who were included in H2O2 had significantly higher concentrations of TG (146.79 vs. 73.09 mg/dL; p<0.001), cholesterol (123.60 vs. 68.90 mg/dL; p=0.001), and lower concentration of HDL (5.79 vs. 7.53 mg/dL; p<0.001) compared to the control group. While, the subjects in Aloe Vera group had lower concentration of cholesterol (55.90 vs. 68.90 mg/dL; p=0.004), and higher level of HDL (9.22 vs. 7.53 mg/dL; p<0.001). The subjects in the H2O2 had significantly higher concentrations of AST (76.64 vs. 30.04; p<0.001), ALT (64.94 vs. 23.38; p<0.001), urea (59.68 vs. 37.10; p=0.003), uric acid (0.92 vs. 0.59; p<0.001). Whereas, the subjects in Aloe Vera had substantially lower levels of AST (18.76 vs. 30.04; p=0.008).Conclusions: The present study showed that aloe vera gel extract is effective to improve the lipid profile and liver and kidney function.
Psychological complications of polycystic ovarian syndrome and women’s health
Authors: Fatima Umber , Naz Mubashra , Zafar Humaira , Fatima Anees , Yasmeen Attiya
Published: December 2019

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 5-10% females of reproductive age worldwide. Recent research shows that this syndrome is associated with psychological upset and devastating effects on women′s mental health and wellbeing.  Lack of clinicians′ awareness of adverse psychological effects is a major concern in developing countries to provide standard care and to improve overall health outcomes.Purpose of study was to determine the frequency of anxiety and depression among women with PCOS in order to promote awareness among clinicians about psychological complications of disease.Methods: Present study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/ University Medical and Dental College, from October 2018 to March 2019. Sixty patients with diagnosis of PCOD and sixty participants without this disease were included in the study. Participants having other endocrine or metabolic disorders were excluded from study. Hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to detect anxiety and depression among both groups. SPSS version 16 was used for data analysis. Chi- square test was applied to compare prevalence of anxiety and depression in both groups, p-value ˂0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results: Women having PCOD exhibited statistically significant prevalence of anxiety (78.3% vs 35%) and depression (60% vs 30%) with p value of 0.0001 and 0.001 respectively.Conclusions: It is highly recommended that initial evaluation of these patients should include assessment of psychological domain of disease to provide more comprehensive treatment to improve overall health related quality of life.
Antibiotics sensitivity status and antibiogram patterns of aerobic bacterial isolates from surgical site infections
Authors: Arora Balvinder Singh , Rajan Santhosh , Mohil Ravinder , Mathur Neeraj Narayan
Published: December 2019

Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are the third most common nosocomial infections. Emergence and spread of drug resistant strains have been found to pose a serious challenge in the management of such infections. There is limited information on the epidemiology of such pathogens. The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of aerobic bacterial isolates from post-operative SSIs show wide variations that lead to difficulties in empirical selection of the right kind of drug for treatment. Properly planned studies about antibiotic sensitivities patterns of such isolates can help in judicious management of SSIs and cause reduction in morbidity and mortality.Methods: A total of 50 patients diagnosed by the surgeon and fulfilling the case definition of SSI, were studied for bacteriological analysis. All the clinical specimens were cultured and identified applying standard culture techniques. The aerobic bacterial isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method to arrive at the drug sensitivity patterns. Data were entered in MS Excel spread sheet and analysed using SSPP software version 21.00Results: A total of 32 patterns of sensitivity were observed. For Esch. coli, a total of nine patterns were observed. All strains of Esch. coli were found sensitive to tigecycline (100%) and colistin (100%). For Klebsiella spp. a total of 9 patterns were obtained with TIG-COL being the predominant pattern in 6 cases. For Acinetobacter spp. only colistin was found most effective drug. In case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, except colistin (100% sensitivity), there were wide variations in sensitivity with imipenem (71%) as next most effective drug. In Proteus spp. - most of the in-use drugs were effective except cephalosporins. Among gram positive organisms, only three strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated, and these were MRSA (100%). Two strains of enterococcus were isolated, and these showed sensitivity to linezolid only.Conclusions: Wide variations in sensitivity status observed in the study are suggestive that antibiotic usage should be tailored to individual needs and proper selection of antibiotics for management of SSIs must be guided by laboratory antibiogram.
A study on peroneus longus autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: K. Kumar V. , K. Narayanan S. , B. Vishal R.
Published: December 2019

Background: To compare the clinical outcome and donor site morbidity of ACL reconstruction with Peroneus longus tendon autografts in patients with isolated ACL injury.Methods: This was a prospective study that included patients who underwent ACL reconstruction using Peroneus longus tendon autograft. Results were assessed via physical examination. Donor site morbidity of the foot and ankle after tendon harvesting was assessed using Medical Research Council (MRC) grading of ankle and foot movements.  Post-operative knee function was evaluated by the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring.Results: In this study sample of 25 patients, the ankle functions at the donor site are grossly preserved in almost all the patients, which was elucidated by grading the power of foot eversion. Post operatively knee function (IKDC scoring) were rated as normal in 92% (23 cases).Conclusions: Peroneus longus is an appropriate autograft source for ACL reconstruction in view of ease of harvest, adequate size, cosmetically appealing, considering excellent post-operative knee scores. And removing the Peroneus longus tendon has no effect on gait parameters and does not lead to instability of the ankle. So, it can be used as an autogenous graft in orthopaedic surgeries.
Cardiac magnetic resonance in tropical endomyocardial fibrosis
Authors: Sharma Ajay Kumar , Kumar Tarun , Ramakrishnan S.
Published: December 2019

Background: Endomyocardial fibrosis has varied presentatation and difficult to diagnose. Aim to elucidate the role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging in the evaluation of Endomyocardial Fibrosis (EMF) and to devise diagnostic criteria for the disease.Methods: Retrospective analysis of cases of restrictive cardiomyopathy referred for Magnetic resonance imaging over a period of 5 years. All patients underwent 1.5 T CMR imaging (Magnetom Avanto, Siemens, Germany) with standard cardiomyopathy protocol. Criteria for diagnosis of RCM included normal sized ventricles, normal/reduced systolic function, uni-/bi-atrial enlargement, normal pericardium and absent septal bounce. Cases diagnosed as EMF on CMR were included in this study. Statistical analysis performed using SPSS software.Results: EMF was diagnosed in 20 patients (31%) [12 males; age 39±18 years]. Ten patients had Right Centricular (RV) EMF, 3 had Left Ventricular (LV) EMF, while 7 had bi-ventricular EMF. Oedema indicating ongoing inflammation was seen in 4 (20%) cases. Apical thrombus was seen in 8(40%) cases and was present in 35% cases of RV and 20% cases of LV involvement. Subendocardial delayed enhancement was always present in the involved ventricle. The RV apex was obliterated in 100% of patients with RV EMF, while LV apex was similarly obliterated in 66% cases with LV disease. Mild-moderate pericardial effusion was observed in 8 patients. On the basis of CMR findings, the disease was classified as early necrotic phase in 1, thrombotic necrotic in 4 and late fibrotic phase in 13 and of different stages in ventricles in 2 cases.Conclusions: EMF was the commonest cause of RCM in this series. Major diagnostic criteria of EMF on CMR include subendocardial delayed enhancement and apical obliteration. Oedema and thrombus are variable findings, depending on disease severity.
Inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors in non-critical indoor patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Ghosh Abhishek , Dey Shankar
Published: December 2019

Background: Proton pump inhibitors are one of the most commonly used drugs worldwide. Often they are used for inappropriate indications too, imposing economic burden to patients and governments. Many studies have showed equipotent efficacy of oral and intravenous proton pump inhibitor therapy. Despite that, most of the hospitalized patients receive intravenous proton pump inhibitor without appropriate indications. This study aimed to assess use of proton pump inhibitors in government hospital.Methods: It was an observational cross-sectional study done in the general medicine department of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India, including 800 noncritical patients. Objective was to assess the use of proton pump inhibitors (indications, route of administration, dosing frequency).Results: 100% patient received intravenous proton pump inhibitor irrespective of diagnosis. 80% of them received it twice daily and 18% received it once daily. Majority of the patients received intravenous proton pump inhibitor despite taking other drugs by oral route.Conclusions: Most of the PPI administration was done without appropriate indication. All patients received Intravenous proton pump inhibitors, which may impose economic burden on a government hospital. Majority of the patients received proton pump inhibitors twice daily. These approaches are not cost effective and need to be rectified.