bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise Combined With an Isocaloric High-Fructose Diet on Osteoporosis and Immunomodulation in Ovariectomized Mice
Authors: Tsai Syun-Hui , Tseng Yu-Hwei , Chiou Wen-Fei , Chen Shih-Ming , Chung Yi , Wei Wen-Chi , Huang Wen-Ching
Published: June 2022

Background

Osteoporosis and immune-associated disorders are highly prevalent among menopausal women, and diet control and exercise exert beneficial effects on physiological modulation in this population. A controlled diet with a low fat content and a balanced caloric intake improves menopausal health, but the health effects of excessive fructose consumption on menopausal women are yet to be confirmed. In addition, whole-body vibration (WBV), a safe passive-training method, has been shown to have multiple beneficial effects on metabolism regulation, obesity, and bone health.

Methods

The ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6J model was used to verify the effects of WBV combined with a high-fructose diet (HFrD) for 16 weeks on physiological modulation and immune responses. The mice were randomly allocated to sham, OVX, OVX+HFrD, and OVX+HFrD+WBV groups, which were administered with the indicated ovariectomy, dietary and WBV training treatments. We conducted growth, dietary intake, glucose homeostasis, body composition, immunity, inflammation, histopathology, and osteoporotic assessments (primary outcomes).

Results

Our results showed that the isocaloric HFrD in OVX mice negated estrogen-deficiency–associated obesity, but that risk factors such as total cholesterol, glucose intolerance, osteoporosis, and liver steatosis still contributed to the development of metabolic diseases. Immune homeostasis in the OVX mice was also negatively affected by the HFrD diet, via the comprehensive stimulation of T cell activation, causing inflammation. The WBV intervention combined with the HFrD model significantly ameliorated weight gain, glucose intolerance, total cholesterol, and inflammatory cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN-γ], interleukin [IL]-17, and IL-4) in the OVX mice, although osteoporosis and liver steatosis were not affected compared to the negative control group. These findings indicate that an isocaloric high-fructose diet alone may not result in menopausal obesity, but that some deleterious physiological impacts still exist.

Conclusion

The WBV method may modulate the physiological impacts of menopause and the HFrD diet, and should be considered as an alternative exercise prescription for people with poor compliance or who are unable or unwilling to use traditional methods to improve their health. In future studies, using the WBV method as a preventive or therapeutic strategy, combined with nutritional interventions, medication, and other exercise prescriptions, may prove beneficial for maintaining health in menopausal women.
Silicone Breast Implant Rupture From Pectoralis Muscle Contraction Causing IgA Nephropathy: A Case Report
Authors: Ezmas Mahno Noor , Norlia Abdullah , Suraya Aziz , Wan Md Adnan Wan Md Hafiz , Looi Lai Meng
Published: June 2022

A 34-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a left breast carcinoma underwent breast conserving surgery and axillary dissection. This was followed with adjuvant breast irradiation and endocrine therapy. She had a local recurrence in the breast 7 years later. She underwent a left nipple sparing mastectomy and submuscular implant reconstruction. The silicone implant ruptured during an episode of strong pectoralis muscle contraction, 5 years postimplantation. MRI confirmed the rupture to be intracapsular and extracapsular. She declined implant replacement. She presented with painless hematuria 2.5 years after the rupture. A renal biopsy confirmed IgA nephropathy.
T-Cell Depleted Haploidentical Transplantation in Children With Hematological Malignancies: A Comparison Between CD3+/CD19+ and TCRαβ+/CD19+ Depletion Platforms
Authors: Gonzalez-Vicent Marta , Molina Blanca , Lopez Ivan , Zubicaray Josune , Ruiz Julia , Vicario Jose Luis , Sebastián Elena , Iriondo June , Castillo Ana , Abad Lorea , Ramirez Manuel , Sevilla Julian , Diaz Miguel A.
Published: June 2022

Background

T-cell depleted (TCD) haploidentical transplantation using CD3+/CD19+ and TCRαβ+/CD19+ depletion techniques has been increasingly used in children with hematological malignancies. We present a retrospective study aimed to compare transplant outcomes in children with leukemia receiving a TCD haploidentical transplant using either CD3+/CD19+ or TCRαβ+/CD19+ platforms.

Methods

A total of 159 children with leukemia (ALL=80) (AML=79) that received a TCD haploidentical transplantation using either CD3+/CD19+ (n=79) or TCRαβ+/CD19+ (n=80) platforms between 2005 and 2020 were included. Median age was 9 years in both groups. There were no differences in patient, donor, and transplant characteristics between groups except for donor KIR B genotype more frequent in the TCRαβ+/CD19+ group (91%) than in the CD3+/CD19+ group (76%) (p=0.009) and a high number of NK+ cells and lower CD19+ cells infused in the TCRαβ+/CD19+ group (35.32x106/kg and 0.06 x106/Kg) than in the CD3+/CD19 group (24.6x106/Kg and 0.25 x106/Kg) (p=0.04 and p=0.0001), respectively. Conditioning was based on TBF. Median follow-up for survivors was 11 years (range; 8-16 y) in CD3+/CD19+ group and 5 years (range; 2-9 y) in the TCRαβ+/CD19+ group.

Results

Engraftment kinetics were similar in both groups (13 days for neutrophils and 10 days for platelets). There was no difference in the incidence of acute GvHD II-IV (29 ± 5% in the CD3+/CD19+ group vs 38 ± 5% in the TCRαβ+/CD19+ group) and chronic GvHD (32 ± 5% vs 23 ± 4%, respectively). NRM was 23 ± 5% in the CD3+/CD19+group vs 21 ± 4% in the TCRαβ+/CD19+group. Relapse incidence was also similar, 32 ± 5% vs 34 ± 6%, respectively. DFS and OS were not different (45 ± 5% vs 45 ± 6% and 53 ± 6% vs 58 ± 6% respectively). As there were no differences on transplant outcomes between groups, we further analyzed all patients together for risk factors associated with transplant outcomes. On multivariate analysis, we identified that early disease status at transplant (HR: 0.16; 95%CI (0.07-0.35) (p=0.0001), presence of cGvHD (HR: 0.38; 95%CI (0.20-0.70) (p= 0.002), and donor KIR-B genotype (HR: 0.50; 95%CI (0.32-0.90) (p=0.04) were associated with better DFS.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that there are no advantages in transplant outcomes between TCD platforms. Risk factors for survival are dependent on disease characteristic, donor KIR genotype, and chronic GvHD rather than the TCD platform used.
ESR1 Regulates the Obesity- and Metabolism-Differential Gene MMAA to Inhibit the Occurrence and Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yiyin , Cheng Jiaxi , Zhong Cheng , Xia Qiming , Li Yirun , Chen Peng , Fan Xiaoxiao , Mao Qijiang , Lin Hui , Hong Defei
Published: June 2022

Obesity is often regarded as a factor that promotes tumorigenesis, but the role of obesity in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still controversial. We compared the trend change of 14 obesity-related genes in the formation and development of HCC in normal, adjacent, and HCC tissues. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to verify the relationship between obesity and HCC occurrence. Metabolism of cobalamin-associated A (MMAA) was discovered as an obesity- and metabolism-differential gene, and its function in HCC was tested in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we explored how obese female patients with an originally high expression of female estrogen receptor (ESR1) directly upregulated MMAA to interfere with the progression of HCC. Fourteen obesity-related genes were downregulated in adjacent and tumoral tissues compared with normal liver tissues, which indicated that obesity may be inversely related to the occurrence of HCC and was consistent with the results of MR analysis. We also discovered that MMAA is a metabolic gene closely related to the occurrence and development of HCC by mining the TCGA database, and it functioned an anti-tumor-promoting role in HCC by damaging the mitochondrial function and preserving the redox balance. We further verified that obese females with a high expression of ESR1 can regulate MMAA to protect HCC from progression. This study elucidates that obesity might be a protective factor for female HCC patients, as they originally highly expressed ESR1, which could upregulate MMAA to suppress tumor growth and participate in metabolic reprogramming.
Case Report: Surgical Intervention Under Pheochromocytoma Multisystem Crisis: Timing and Approach
Authors: Luo Shengjun , Cui Qingao , Wang Delin
Published: June 2022

Background

Progressive multiple organ failures still occur in some patients with pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis (PMC) despite α- and β-blockade being used, and emergency adrenalectomy may lead to rapid hemodynamic stabilization and recovery. Therefore, the optimal timing and surgical approach under PMC remain controversial.

Case Presentation

A 50-year-old man presented with persistent chest pain accompanied by vomiting and headache. CT showed a right adrenal mass, and plasma catecholamine levels were significantly elevated. Phenoxybenzamine was used, but his symptoms were aggravated. He progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and received mechanical ventilation. Reexamination of CT showed pheochromocytoma rupture. Emergency pheochromocytoma resection was performed on the 5th day, and he was discharged on the 21st day. A 46-year-old woman was admitted for intrauterine device removal and received hysteroscopy under intravenous anesthesia. She presented with dyspnea, fluctuating blood pressure, and loss of consciousness 9 h after hysteroscopy surgery. CT showed a left adrenal mass, and plasma catecholamine levels were significantly elevated. Her condition fluctuated and could not meet the preoperative preparation criteria for pheochromocytoma despite adequate doses of α-blockade and β-blockade were taken. Furthermore, her lung condition worsened due to recurrent crises and pulmonary edema. After multidisciplinary discussions, laparoscopic left adrenalectomy with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support was performed on the 28th day, and she was discharged on the 69th day.

Conclusion

Elective surgical resection is the essential therapy for PMC with adequate preoperative medical management. Emergency surgery is recommended for patients who fail to achieve medical stabilization or progressive organ dysfunction within 1 week, especially those with tumor rupture and uncontrolled bleeding. The laparoscopic approach may represent an option even under PMC.
Case Report: Bilateral Choroidal Neovascular Membranes in a Patient With a Delayed Diagnosis of Acute Syphilitic Posterior Placoid Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Schimansky Sarah , Burke Tomás
Published: June 2022

We report the case of a 78-year old man with a delayed diagnosis of syphilis and an advanced phenotype of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinopathy after receiving 5 months of high dose steroids prior to anti-treponemal treatment. Bilateral choroidal neovascular membranes were present at the time of diagnosis and were successfully treated with intravitreal aflibercept, following completion of anti-treponemal therapy.
The Management of Post-appendectomy Abscess in Children; A Historical Cohort Study and Update of the Literature
Authors: van Amstel Paul , The Sarah-May M. L. , M. Mulder Irene , Bakx Roel , Derikx Joep P. M. , van Schuppen Joost , de Vries Ralph , van der Kuip Martijn , Zijp Gerda W. , Allema Jan Hein , Bijlsma Taco S. , van Heurn L. W. Ernest , Gorter Ramon R.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Recent studies have shown that specific cases of post-appendectomy abscess (PAA) in children could be treated conservatively. However, due to the lack of high-quality evidence, choice of treatment still depends on preferences of the treating surgeon, leading to heterogeneity in clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to provide an update of recent literature on the management of PAA in children and subsequently evaluate the outcomes of a large multicenter cohort of children treated for PAA.

Methods

A literature search was performed in Pubmed and Embase, selecting all randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case series published from 2014 and onward and reporting on children (<18 years) treated for a PAA. Subsequently, a historical cohort study was performed, including all children (<18 years) treated for a radiologically confirmed PAA between 2014 and 2021 in a tertiary referral center and two large peripheral centers. Medical charts were reviewed to compare non-invasive (i.e., antibiotics) and invasive (i.e., drainage procedures) treatment strategies. Primary outcome was the success rate of treatment, defined as no need for further interventions related to PAA or its complications.

Results

The search yielded 1,991 articles, of which three were included. Treatment success ranged between 69–88% and 56–100% for non-invasive and invasive strategies, respectively. Our multicenter cohort study included 70 children with a PAA, of which 29 (41%) were treated non-invasively and 41 (59%) invasively. In the non-invasive group, treatment was effective in 21 patients (72%) compared to 25 patients (61%) in the invasive group. Non-invasive treatment was effective in 100% of unifocal small (<3 cm) and 80% of unifocal medium size PAA (3–6 cm), but not effective for multiple abscesses.

Conclusion

Non-invasive treatment of especially unifocal small and medium size (<6 cm) PAA in children seems to be safe and effective. Based on these results, a standardized treatment protocol was developed. Prospective validation of this step-up approach-based treatment protocol is recommended.
Anemia in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients—Etiologies and Management
Authors: Kouri Anne , Balani Shanthi , Kizilbash Sarah
Published: June 2022

Posttransplant anemia (PTA) is a common complication of pediatric kidney transplantation, with a prevalence ranging from 22 to 85%. PTA is categorized as early (within 6 months posttransplant) and late (>6 months posttransplant). Early PTA is typically associated with surgical blood losses and iron deficiency. Late PTA primarily results from graft dysfunction; however, iron deficiency, drug toxicity, and posttransplant inflammation also play a role. PTA is more severe compared with the anemia in glomerular-filtration-rate matched patients with native chronic kidney disease. Treatment of PTA is directed toward the underlying cause. Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) are effective; however, their use is limited in the transplant setting. Timely diagnosis and treatment of PTA are vital to prevent long-term adverse outcomes in pediatric transplant recipients.
The Kappa Opioid Receptor: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Multiple Pathologies
Authors: Dalefield Martin L. , Scouller Brittany , Bibi Rabia , Kivell Bronwyn M.
Published: June 2022

Kappa-opioid receptors (KOR) are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system, where they modulate a range of physiological processes depending on their location, including stress, mood, reward, pain, inflammation, and remyelination. However, clinical use of KOR agonists is limited by adverse effects such as dysphoria, aversion, and sedation. Within the drug-development field KOR agonists have been extensively investigated for the treatment of many centrally mediated nociceptive disorders including pruritis and pain. KOR agonists are potential alternatives to mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists for the treatment of pain due to their anti-nociceptive effects, lack of abuse potential, and reduced respiratory depressive effects, however, dysphoric side-effects have limited their widespread clinical use. Other diseases for which KOR agonists hold promising therapeutic potential include pruritis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, cancer, and ischemia. This review highlights recent drug-development efforts targeting KOR, including the development of G-protein–biased ligands, mixed opioid agonists, and peripherally restricted ligands to reduce side-effects. We also highlight the current KOR agonists that are in preclinical development or undergoing clinical trials.
Long-Acting β2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Lesion by Regulating Keratinocyte Proliferation and Apoptosis
Authors: Xu Rui , Feng Shi , Ao Zhou , Chen Yingxiang , Su Congping , Feng Xiuling , Fu Qin , Yang Xiaoyan
Published: June 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 1%–5% of the population worldwide. Considering frequent relapse, adverse drug reactions, and large costs of treatment, it is urgent to identify new medications for psoriasis. Keratinocytes play an essential role during psoriasis development, and they express high levels of β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), which increases intracellular cAMP levels when activated. Increased level of cAMP is associated with the inhibition of epidermal cell proliferation. In the present study, we observed the effect of salmeterol, a long-acting β2-AR agonist, on the proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocytes as well as imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. As phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors increases intracellular cAMP concentration by inhibiting its inactivation, we further explored the synergetic effect of a PDE4 inhibitor and salmeterol on psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. Our results indicated that salmeterol effectively inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells induced by TNF-α and serum, and this effect was accompanied by significantly increased apoptosis and CREB phosphorylation, which were reversed by the PKA inhibitor, H89. Salmeterol ameliorated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice, but salmeterol combined with a PDE4 inhibitor had no synergetic effect in improving skin lesions in mice. Of note, the synergistic effects of anti-proliferation and induction of apoptosis in HaCaT cells appeared by inhibiting ERK signaling. In summary, salmeterol, a long-acting β2-AR agonist, alleviates the severity of psoriasis via inhibiting the proliferation and promoting apoptosis of keratinocytes, partially by activating the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.
The Protective Effect of Evodiamine in Osteoarthritis: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study in Mice Model
Authors: Xian Shuyuan , Lin Zeng , Zhou Chao , Wu Xing
Published: June 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease with high economic burden characterized by cartilage degradation and joint inflammation. Evodiamine (EV), which can be extracted from Evodia rutaecarpa (Rutaceae), is a traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammation, cardiovascular disorders, infection, and obesity. Studies have shown that EV can suppress the activation of immune cells and restrain the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, it is still not well known about its role in the treatment of OA. In this study, we utilized interleukin-1β (IL-1β)–stimulated mouse chondrocytes in vitro and the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model in vivo to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of EV in OA. The results suggested that EV decreased the generation of NO, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2. Meanwhile, the increased expression of iNOS, COX-2, and MMP-13 and the degradation of aggrecan and Col-II were significantly alleviated by EV in IL-1β–activated mouse chondrocytes. Moreover, EV can inhibit the considerable IL-1β–stimulated phosphorylation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and nuclear translocation of p65, compared with the control group. Furthermore, EV alleviated cartilage degeneration and reversed the increased Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores in the OA model in vivo. Our study demonstrates that EV can suppress inflammation in vitro and cartilage degeneration in vivo in OA, which implies that EV may be a potential candidate for the treatment of OA.
Herbal Medicine Intervention for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review and Cumulative Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ang Lin , Song Eunhye , Hu Xiao-Yang , Lee Hye Won , Chen Yaolong , Lee Myeong Soo
Published: June 2022

Background: Integrative herbal medicine has been reported to have beneficial effects in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Aim: To compile up-to-date evidence of the benefits and risks of herbal medicine for the treatment of COVID-19 symptoms.

Methods: Eleven databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database (VIP), Research Information Service System (RISS), Korean Medical database (KMBase), Korean Association of Medical Journal database (KoreaMed), and OASIS database, were searched from 15 June, 2020, until 28 March 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in any language, reporting the efficacy and safety outcomes of herbal medicine in patients of all ages with a PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in this analysis. Data extraction and quality assessments were performed independently.

Results: Random-effects meta-analyses showed evidence of favorable effects of treatment with herbal medicine when added to standard treatment, versus standard treatment alone, on the total effective rate (p = 0.0001), time to remission from fever (p < 0.00001), rate of remission from coughing (p < 0.0001), fatigue (p = 0.02), sputum production (p = 0.004), improvement of manifestations observed on chest computed tomography scans (p < 0.00001), incidence of progression to severe COVID-19 (p = 0.003), all-cause mortality (p = 0.003), time to a negative COVID-19 coronavirus test (p < 0.0001), and duration of hospital stay (p = 0.0003). There was no evidence of a difference between herbal medicine added to standard treatment, versus standard treatment alone, on the rate of remission from symptoms such as a fever, sore throat, nasal congestion and discharge, diarrhea, dry throat, chills, and the rate of conversion to a negative COVID-19 coronavirus test. Meta-analysis showed no evidence of a significant difference in adverse events between the two groups. There was an unclear risk of bias across the RCTs included in this analysis, indicating that most studies had methodological limitations.

Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that herbal medicine added to standard treatment has potential benefits in the treatment of COVID-19 symptoms but the certainty of evidence was low.
Review of the Effects and Mechanism of Curcumin in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Lin Yuan , Liu Hengjian , Bu Lingling , Chen Chen , Ye Xiaofeng
Published: June 2022

Curcumin is extracted from the rhizomes ofCurcuma longa L. It is now widely used in food processing, cosmetics, dyes, etc. Current researching indicates that curcumin has high medical value, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrosis, immune regulation and other effects, and can be used to treat a variety of diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a nonspecific inflammatory disease of the intestine including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The drug treatment effect is often limited and accompanied by side effects. A large number of basic and clinical studies have shown that curcumin has the effect of treating IBD and also can maintain the remission of IBD. In this review, the research of curcumin on IBD in recent years is summarized in order to provide reference for further research and application of curcumin.
Spatholobus suberectus Dunn Water Extract Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis–Like Symptoms by Suppressing Proinflammatory Chemokine Production In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Song Hyun-Kyung , Park Sun Haeng , Kim Hye Jin , Jang Seol , Kim Taesoo
Published: June 2022

S. patholobus suberectus Dunn, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory properties. However, to the best of our knowledge, its therapeutic effect on atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been investigated. In this study, we explored the effect of S. suberectus Dunn water extract (SSWex) on AD in vivo and in vitro. In Dermatophagoides farina extract (DfE)–treated NC/Nga mice, the oral administration of SSWex alleviated AD-like symptoms, such as ear thickness, dermatitis score, epidermal thickness, immune cell infiltration, and levels of AD-related serum parameters (immunoglobulin E, histamine, and proinflammatory chemokines). In HaCaT cells, the production of proinflammatory chemokines induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was inhibited by SSWex pretreatment. SSWex treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and activation and translocation of transcriptional factors, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and nuclear factor kappa B in IFN-γ/TNF-α–stimulated HaCaT cells. These results indicate that SSWex may be developed as an efficient therapeutic agent for AD.
Research Trend of Publications Concerning Antibody-Drug Conjugate in Solid Cancer: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Qi Xiangjun , Li Yanlong , Liu Wei , Wang Yifan , Chen Zhuangzhong , Lin Lizhu
Published: June 2022

Background: Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a promising therapy for solid cancer that has raised global concern. Although several papers have reviewed the current state of ADCs in different solid cancers, a quantitative analysis of the publications in this field is scarce.

Methods: Publications related to ADC in the field of solid cancer were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. Data analyses were performed with VOSviewer 1.6.9, HistCite 2.1, CiteSpace V and R package Bibliometrix.

Results: A total of 3,482 records were obtained in the holistic field and 1,197 in the clinical field. Steady growth in the number of publications was observed. The United States was the leading contributor in this field. Krop IE was the most influential author. The most productive institution was Genentech Inc., while Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr was the most cited one. The most impactful journal was the Journal of Clinical Oncology. A total of 37 burst references and five burst references were identified between 2017–2022 in the holistic and clinical fields, respectively. Keywords analysis indicated that ADCs research mainly involved breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, ovarian cancer, small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, and urothelial carcinoma. ADC agents including trastuzumab emtansine, trastuzumab deruxtecan, sacituzumab govitecan, enfortumab vedotin, and rovalpituzumab tesirine were highly studied. Targets including HER2, trophoblast cell-surface antigen, mesothelin, delta-like ligand 3, and nectin-4 were the major concerns.

Conclusion: This study analyzed publications concerning ADCs in the field of solid cancer with bibliometric analysis. Further clinical trials of ADCs and designs of the next generation of ADCs are the current focuses of the field. Acquired resistance of ADCs and biomarkers for ADC therapy efficacy monitoring are future concerns.
Effect of Stress Ulcers Prophylaxis, Sedative and Statin on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Retrospective Analysis Based on MIMIC Database
Authors: Kong Xuetao , Wu Yaozhou , Wen Bingqin , Meng Dongmei , Wei Li , Yu Pengjiu
Published: June 2022

Background: The use of MV can easily lead to VAP especially in ICU patients. SUP, sedatives, statin and insulin have been proved to prevent VAP and improve the prognosis of patients. Our aim was to analyze the effects of SUP, sedative, statin, and insulin on patients with MV.

Methods: The occurrence of VAP and death in MV patients and VAP patients were explored by multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression to analyze analyses.

Results: Totally, 5277 cases who received MV in ICU from MIMIC IV database were included. There were 826 (15.7%) cases in VAP-group and 4451 (84.3%) cases in non-VAP group and there were 1914 (36.3%) cases in hospital mortalities altogether. No protective effect of drugs on VAP was found in MV patients. The risk of death was 1.43 times higher in MV patients taking midazolam than in propofol (aHR = 1.43 95% CI: 1.04,1.97). No protective effect of drugs on death was found in VAP patients.

Conclusion: Compared with midazolam, propofol is more recommended as sedation regimen in ICU patients with MV. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Physics-Based Computational Approaches to Compute the Viscoelasticity of Semiflexible Filamentous Biomaterials
Authors: Rizzi L. G.
Published: June 2022

This mini-review highlights recent advances on computational approaches that have been used in the characterisation of the viscoelastic response of semiflexible filamentous biomaterials. Special attention is given to the multiscale and coarse-grained approaches that might be used to model the mechanical properties of systems which involve biopolymer assemblies, for instance, actin, collagen, vimentin, microtubules, DNA, viruses, silk, amyloid fibrils, and other protein-based filaments. Besides the basic features of the most commonly used models for semiflexible filaments, I present a brief overview of the numerical approaches that can be used to extract the viscoelasticity of dilute and concentrated solutions, as well as systems with cross-linked networks. Selected examples of simulations that attempt to retrieve the complex shear moduli at experimentally relevant time and length scales, i.e., including not only the fully formed filaments and networks but also their self-assembly kinetics, are also considered.
Spatio-Temporal Plasma Afterglow Induces Additional Neutral Drag Force on Microparticles
Authors: van Huijstee J. C. A. , Blom P. , Peijnenburg A. T. A. , Beckers J.
Published: June 2022

An emerging topic in complex plasma physics is the interaction between dust particles and afterglow plasmas. Control of plasma-particle interactions and specifically of the particle trajectories is especially relevant for plasma based contamination control applications. In systems where this contamination control is relevant, emerging or applied plasmas can be of highly transient nature, due to which contaminating particles interact with a combination of a spatial and a temporal afterglow plasma. Until now this type of plasmas and the possible interaction with embedded microparticles has remained far from fully explored in literature. In this work we visually record falling microparticles in a spatio-temporal afterglow of a low pressure inductively coupled plasma and observe a sudden and temporary reversal in their vertical velocity. Numerical simulations confirm that this effect is due to the cooling of the heated background gas in the former active plasma region, which creates a pressure wave and causes microparticles in the spatial afterglow to experience an additional neutral drag force in direction of the plasma bulk. Besides being an interesting principle phenomenon, the presence of this effect could have added value for developing plasma-driven particle contamination control applications. Moreover, for a well defined vacuum vessel geometry and plasma heating volume, this enables the use of microparticles in the spatio-temporal afterglow as probe for the neutral gas temperature in plasma.
Agreement, Reliability, and Concurrent Validity of an Outdoor, Wearable-Based Walk Ratio Assessment in Healthy Adults and Chronic Stroke Survivors
Authors: Huber Simone K. , Knols Ruud H. , Held Jeremia P. O. , Christen Tom , de Bruin Eling D.
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The walk ratio (WR)—the step-length/cadence relation—is a promising measure for gait control. GPS-running watches deliver clinically relevant outcomes including the WR. The aim of this study was to determine test-retest agreement, reliability and concurrent validity of an outdoor WR assessment using a GPS-running watch.

Methods: Healthy adults and moderate—high functioning stroke survivors (≥6 months), performed the 1 km-outdoor walk twice using a GPS-running watch (Garmin Forerunner 35, GFR35) and a Step Activity Monitor (SAM 3). Global cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Test-retest agreement and reliability were assessed using Bland-Altman plots, standard error of measurement (SEM), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and smallest detectable changes (SDCs). Concurrent validity was determined by the mean difference (MD), standard error (SE), mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) and Spearman’s Rho between GFR35 and SAM3. WR values of the two groups were compared by a Welch’s test. A hierarchical multiple regression was performed with the WR as dependent variable and possible predictors as independent variables.

Results: Fifty-one healthy adults [median: 60.0 (47.0, 67.0) years) and 20 stroke survivors [mean: 63.1 (12.4) years, median: 76 (30, 146) months post-stroke] were included. Test-retest agreement and reliability were excellent (SEM% ≤ 2.2, ICCs > 0.9, SDC% ≤ 6.1) and concurrent validity was high (MAPE < 5, ρ > 0.7) for those walking ≥ 1 m/s. Walking < 1 m/s impaired accurate step counting and reduced agreement, reliability, and validity. The WR differed between healthy adults and stroke survivors (t = −2.126, p = 0.045). The hierarchical regression model including stroke and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 0—30) explained 25% of the WR variance (ΔR2 = 0.246, p < 0.001). Stroke had no effect (β = −0.05, p = 0.682), but global cognition was a predictor for an altered WR (β = 0.44, p = 0.001).

Discussion: The outdoor WR assessment using the GFR35 showed excellent test-retest agreement, reliability and concurrent validity in healthy adults and chronic stroke survivors walking at least 1 m/s. As the WR seems relevant in chronic stroke, future studies should further investigate this parameter.
Adaptive Response of Thermophiles to Redox Stress and Their Role in the Process of dye Degradation From Textile Industry Wastewater
Authors: Aragaw Tadele Assefa , Bogale Fekadu Mazengiaw , Gessesse Amare
Published: June 2022

Release of dye-containing textile wastewater into the environment causes severe pollution with serious consequences on aquatic life. Bioremediation of dyes using thermophilic microorganisms has recently attracted attention over conventional treatment techniques. Thermophiles have the natural ability to survive under extreme environmental conditions, including high dye concentration, because they possess stress response adaptation and regulation mechanisms. Therefore, dye detoxification by thermophiles could offer enormous opportunities for bioremediation at elevated temperatures. In addition, the processes of degradation generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subject cells to oxidative stress. However, thermophiles exhibit better adaptation to resist the effects of oxidative stress. Some of the major adaptation mechanisms of thermophiles include macromolecule repair system; enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; and non-enzymatic antioxidants like extracellular polymeric substance (EPSs), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), etc. In addition, different bacteria also possess enzymes that are directly involved in dye degradation such as azoreductase, laccase, and peroxidase. Therefore, through these processes, dyes are first degraded into smaller intermediate products finally releasing products that are non-toxic or of low toxicity. In this review, we discuss the sources of oxidative stress in thermophiles, the adaptive response of thermophiles to redox stress and their roles in dye removal, and the regulation and crosstalk between responses to oxidative stress.
Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Plant Properties and Microbiomes Under High Phosphorus Addition Level in the Alpine Steppe
Authors: Dong Junfu , Cui Xiaoyong , Niu Haishan , Zhang Jing , Zhu Chuanlu , Li Linfeng , Pang Zhe , Wang Shiping
Published: June 2022

Nitrogen (N) addition can increase the vegetative growth, improve the plant production, and restore the degraded terrestrial ecosystems. But, it simultaneously aggravates the soil phosphorus (P) limitation for plant growth, thus affecting its positive effects on ecosystems. However, how plants and soil microorganisms will change under conditions of high P content in soil is still unknown. In this study, we explored the effects of three levels of N addition (0, 7.5, and 15 g.N.m–2.year–1) on plants and microorganisms at the high P addition level (13.09 g.P.m–2.year–1) in the alpine steppe. We found that the soil microbial community composition had no significant difference between different N addition levels, and the soil AN and AP had a significant effect on the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. The abundance of the core PLFAs (i.e., 16:1ω7c, 16:0, a17:1, i17:0, 18:1ω9c, and 18:1ω7c) also remained unchanged after N addition, and microbes at individual, population, and community levels were all correlated with SOM, AK, AN, and pH. Conversely, plant biomass and nutrient content showed linear trends with increasing N addition, especially the dominant functional groups. Specifically, the biomass and plant tissue N content of Gramineae, and the total N content of aboveground biomass were all improved by N addition. They were correlated with soil ammonium and AP. The structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated that N addition had a direct negative effect on soil microbial biomass, but an indirect positive effect on aboveground biomass via soil ammonium. These findings clarify the importance of N-amendment in regulating plants and microorganisms under high P conditions and provide a better understanding of the N-added effects in the alpine steppe.
Phytolith Assemblages as a Promising Tool for Quantitative Canopy Coverage Reconstruction in Subtropical Forests, China
Authors: Li Nannan , Yu Fengling , Sack Dorothy , Huang Zhaoquan , Tian Ganghua , Liu Shengtao
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the reliability of phytolith assemblage analysis for characterizing subtropical vegetation and explores the potential for using these modern phytolith–vegetation relationships for paleoenvironmental interpretation in southeastern China. The samples were collected from five common subtropical vegetation communities in the Daiyun Mountains, southeastern China, with the above-ground vegetation recorded at each plot. Constrained ordination analysis was used to determine the most important factor governing the variations in phytolith assemblages that could be quantitatively reconstructed with weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WAPLS). The relationship between modern phytolith assemblages and the parent vegetation, as well as production, dispersal, and taphonomic processes, was discussed. Results demonstrated that the main subtropical biomes in southeastern China could be well distinguished by soil phytolith assemblages. In particular, the overall amount of tree coverage was well represented by topsoil phytolith assemblages. Grass silica short cell phytoliths (GSSCP) tended to occur in higher proportions in open habitats (shrub-meadow) at higher elevations, whereas non-grass phytolith morphotypes attained higher frequencies under mixed and broadleaf forests at lower elevations. Human-induced deforestation might increase the frequency of GSSCP within the bulk phytolith assemblage. Our results constitute the primary phytolith reference data for the subtropical zone in southeastern Asia where vegetation change during the Holocene period, particularly forest shifts, anthropogenic deforestation, and early agriculture are poorly documented.
Identifying Transformative Sequences in the Psychotherapeutic Interaction With Chinese Adolescents With Depression: A Conversation Analysis Approach
Authors: Ma Wen , Fan Xingang , Zhang Shuai
Published: June 2022

Previous studies seldom touch on aspects of psychotherapeutic encounters between therapists and clients with particular disorders (such as depression). Little attention has been paid to the sequence organization of psychotherapeutic interaction between therapists and clients with depression in Chinese medical settings. By adopting conversation analysis, we investigated the specifics of psychotherapeutic encounters, specifically, the transformative sequences of psychotherapeutic interaction between therapists and Chinese adolescents with depression. We identified the fourth aspect of clients’ experience transformed in the Chinese psychotherapeutic interaction with adolescents with depression: cognition, and described how the sequential organization of therapists’ actions facilitates the momentary transformation of clients’ experience (i.e., the transformation of cognition, referent, emotion, and relation) in the psychotherapeutic processes. This study not only adds to the conversation analytic study on the transformative sequences in psychotherapeutic interaction but also sheds some light on the study of how therapists transform clients’ experience in Chinese psychotherapeutic interaction.
Between the Library and Lectures: How Can Nature Be Integrated Into University Infrastructure to Improve Students’ Mental Health
Authors: Boyd Francesca
Published: June 2022

The university campus provides the backdrop to a student’s education and social journey. For many students, the transition from secondary school through to graduation can be one of upheaval, geographical, financial and social change. Evidence suggests increasing levels of mental health difficulties among UK university students. The university campus is a possible resource to mitigate wellbeing issues through facilitating the salutogenic effects of engagement with nature. This mixed method research examines the opportunity to integrate nature through interventions for University of Sheffield undergraduate students. It uses a green prescription style activity and a specially designed mobile phone app. Through focus groups the participants’ experience reveals the necessity for a whole university approach that considers intervention and campus design simultaneously. This study’s findings qualify research into young adult’s experience of urban green spaces and their tangible connection to plants such as trees. Policy and practice implications include the requirement for a coherent approach to understanding the place-attachment aspects to nature in the university environment. Further afield, there is a need for collaborative wellbeing interventions and urban green space development within the UK context.
The Influence of Media Diversification Model and Entrepreneurship on Enterprise Financial Performance Under the Environment of Sustainable Development
Authors: Li Xinying , Lou Shuaifu , Zhu Huiqin
Published: June 2022

Market competition is intensifying. The necessity and path of adopting the diversified management model in the media industry are explored to delve into the influence of the media diversification model and entrepreneurship on enterprise financial performance. Besides, the relevant theories such as the media diversification model and entrepreneurial spirit are expounded. Furthermore, Time Publishing & Media is taken as the representative of the media diversification model. Finally, the influence of entrepreneurship on financial performance is discussed regarding entrepreneurship in the Yangtze River Delta as the research object. The profitability, solvency, and operation ability of Time Publishing & Media are analyzed. It is found that there are problems in the profitability and operation ability of Time Publishing & Media. The solvency is good, and the risk of debt repayment is low. As a result, a diversified management model may not have a positive impact on enterprise performance. In addition, the entrepreneurial spirit of the Yangtze River Delta is studied, and the results reveal that the F values from 2017 to 2019 are about 66.24, 10.78, and 60.39, respectively, with a significance of 0.00. It implies that the stronger the entrepreneur’s ability to take risks, the better the financial performance of the enterprise, but the risk should be appropriate. Therefore, the research on the influence of the media diversification model and entrepreneurship on the financial performance of enterprises in the environment of sustainable development has guided significance for enterprises to improve their business performance and market competitiveness.
Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence During Confinement: Characteristics by Age and Sex
Authors: Alcántara-López Mavi , Castro Maravillas , Martínez-Pérez Antonia , Fernández Visitación , Negrón-Medina Kaveri , López-Soler Concepción
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions imposed to stop its advance have affected the entire population. Children living with difficulties or in vulnerable situations prior to the pandemic might have suffered an even greater impact. This present study examines the psychological impact of quarantine on children and adolescents exposed to intimate partner violence against their mothers. Participants were 185 mothers who reported 269 children, as well as 108 children who self-reported. An emotional and behavioral checklist was administered to both mothers and children throughout confinement. Results show mothers observed changes in their children’s psychological state. Children, in turn, reported an increase in different variables. Mothers reported a higher percentage of overall increase for both general and severe symptoms than their children. Differences were found by sex and age. Future research with similar population groups is necessary to establish the support and intervention children require in similar contexts, as well as to clarify possible causes of differences found by age and sex.
Music as an Element of Tourism Innovation: Types of Nightlife Premises in Ibiza (Spain)
Authors: Ramón-Cardona José , Sánchez-Fernández María Dolores , Durán-Sánchez Amador , Álvarez-García José
Published: June 2022

The island of Ibiza is a western Mediterranean destination known internationally for its nightlife. The aim of this paper is to make a proposal to classify the different types of premises in the Ibiza nightlife offer. This involves making a first definition that allows to delimit which businesses are parts of the sector. The methodology used is based on the case study and specifically, on the review of the promotional actions and activities carried out, completed with the visit to the premises. The classification has been made based on the offer marketed and not only on the legal forms used, as innovation goes ahead of the existing legal classifications. Although it is a particular application, due to the international importance of Ibiza, it is a good starting point to classify the nightlife offer of many other tourist destinations. The resulting typology divides the sector into two large groups: nightclubs and other premises. While nightclubs have musical parties as their main activity declared, the other premises have accommodation or catering as their main activity, with music being an element of differentiation. Nightclubs are divided into several subgroups, depending on their size and relevance. The other premises are subdivided into Beach Clubs, Hotel Clubs, Party Boats, Lounge Clubs, Disco Pubs, among others.