bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Duizend Jaar Christendom in Roesskaja Zemlja
Authors: Burg A.
Published: April 2023

Millénaire du christianisme en Rouss kiévienne

En 1988 l’Eglise orthodoxe célébrera solennellement le millénaire du christianisme en Union Sovietique. Cet article traite de la conversion, sans s’occuper de la controverse entre Ukrainiens, Biélorusses et Russes qui tous, sortis de la même „cuve baptismale”, se réclament les héritiers du christianisme kiévien. Le baptême du prince Vladimir et de la population en 988 n’est pas un événement inattendu. Bien avant cette date le christianisme avait pénétré dans le pays. En effet, au 9e siècle, sous le patriarcat de Photius, une tribu slave, probablement de la région de Kiev, menaçait Constantinople, mais accepta peu après la foi chrétienne. Au siècle suivant la grand-mère de Vladimir, la princesse Olga, se convertit et ce fait a grandement contribué à I’évangélisation du pays. Il ne faut non plus nier les influences bulgare, normande et peut-être même occidentale dans cette region. Ce procès d’incubation se termina par le bapteme de Vladimir à l’occasion de son mariage avec une princesse byzantine, à la suite de son aide militaire. A partir de ce moment l’empereur imposa au peuple baptisé une hiérarchie constantinopolitaine. Mais malgré l’influence byzantine les Slaves ont réussi à conserver leur identité propre et leur Eglise a pris un caractère nettement slave. L’auteur développe quelques caractéristiques de la jeune Eglise: le manque d’une base philosophique classique, la „foi double”, le nationalisme religieux qui dans la suite prendra un caractère malsain.

Actuellement, l’Eglise existe dans une société soviétique où la liberté religieuse est bien restreinte. Si l’autorité civile autorise la célébration du millénaire, elle espère en tirer quelque bénéfice politique. Mais malgré les restrictions le christianisme n’est pas mort et le millénaire pourrait être le début d’une nouvelle christianisation.
De Kloosters van Kreta
Authors: Al P.
Published: April 2023

The monasteries of Crete

The history of Cretan monasteries follows the course and fortunes of the island’s political and ecclesiastical history and can be divided into six periods: the first Byzantine period, the Arab occupation, the second Byzantine period, the Venetian occupation, the Turkish occupation, the period of autonomy and union with Greece.

Today there are forty-two monastic communities in the island, thirty of them comprised of monks and twelve of nuns. These monasteries and the aged hermits that inhabit them carry centuries of tradition forward into our own day. Many of them are threatened by dereliction and decay. Nevertheless some of the communities are still vigorous and flourishing, especially the nunneries, and keep alive the hope for the new future.
A new flightless species of Phoberus Macleay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Trogidae) from the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa
Authors: STRÜMPHER WERNER P.
Published: April 2023

The loss of flight is common in the keratin beetle genus Phoberus Macleay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Trogidae)—20 out of the 49 species in this genus exhibit metathoracic-wing reduction in various degrees rendering them flightless. In this paper another flightless species, Phoberus villeti Strümpher, new species, is described and illustrated from the Amathole mountains in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The new species is micropterous having tightly fused elytra (only wing rudiments visible), rounded humeral angles and a characteristic rounded body shape. However, it is most notable for its large size (~12 mm) and the distinctive tufts of yellow setae present on the elytra.
Taxonomy of the genus Andrikothelyna Pace, 2000 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), with description of three new species from Taiwan and Japan
Authors: NOZAKI TSUBASA
Published: April 2023

The rove beetle genus Andrikothelyna Pace, 2000 is reviewed. Speiraphallusa Pace, 2013 is synonymized with Andrikothelyna due to the morphological similarities. A revised diagnosis and redescription of the genus are presented, and three new species are described. As a result of this study, this genus consists of the following two known species and three new species: Andrikothelyna papuana Pace, 2000, from Papua New Guinea; Andrikothelyna orientis (Pace, 2013) comb. nov. from Malaysia; Andrikothelyna rubiginosa sp. nov. from Taiwan (Nantou); Andrikothelyna limbata sp. nov. from Japan (Honshu, Kyushu and Ryukyu); and Andrikothelyna naomichii sp. nov. from Japan (Ryukyu). This study reports the newly recorded presence of the genus Andrikothelyna in Taiwan and Japan. In addition, the key to the species is given and the taxonomic position of the genus is discussed. Observation of the living individuals reveals part of the biology of the new species.
Unexpected high species richness of Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) in subalpine Austrian lakes, with the description of new taxa
Authors: KOROVCHINSKY NIKOLAI M.
Published: April 2023

The presence of four taxa at the species and subspecies level was revealed based on morphological investigation of a small collection of the representatives of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 from Austrian subalpine lakes. The presence of a new species, B. inexpectatus sp. nov. was revealed in two lakes and the presence of a new subspecies, B. longimanus austriacus ssp. nov., in six lakes. Specimens of the population from the Lake Halstättersee, distinguished by the presence of peculiar features, are provisionally assigned to the species B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901 of which the main range is confined to Circumbaltic region. Few morphologically specific specimens from Wolfgangsee could not be accurately identified and therefore assigned to the taxon Bythotrephes sp. requiring further investigation. Previously described taxa from the region, B. styriacus Ischreyt, 1939 and B. longimanus var. carnica Ischreyt, 1939, were considered either required further taxonomic evaluation or having an unclear taxonomic status, respectively. In one lake, the co-occurrence of two species was recorded, which is a rather rare case for the representatives of the genus. The potential reasons for the high species richness of spiny waterfleas in Austrian subalpine lakes and their possible origin are briefly discussed.
Help-seeking preferences in Australian mental health website visitors: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Rainbow Christopher , Baldwin Peter A , Hosking Warwick , Blashki Grant
Published: April 2023

Objective:

Psychological distress and suicide rates are climbing in Australia despite substantial mental health programme investment in recent decades. Understanding where individuals prefer to seek support in the event of a personal or emotional crisis may help target mental health resources to where they are most needed. This study aimed to explore individual differences in help-seeking preferences that may be leveraged for early intervention and mental health service design.

Method:

Latent profile analysis was used to explore the help-seeking preferences of 1561 Australian online help-seekers who elected to complete a psychological distress screening on a popular mental health website, Beyond Blue.

Results:

Four latent profiles of help-seeker emerged that illustrate distinct preference channels for support: help-negaters, professional help-seekers, family help-seekers and help-affirmatives. Help-negaters were the least likely to consider seeking help from any source, recorded the highest levels of psychological distress and suicidal ideation, and were more likely to be younger. Help-affirmatives were the most likely to seek help from any source, particularly from religious leaders, and were more likely to speak a language other than English at home.

Conclusion:

Many individuals experiencing mental health concerns will prefer to seek support from family or community contacts rather than professionals, and some will not seek help at all. Diversity in help-seeking preferences should be considered when designing mental health services, outreach and psychoeducation materials.
Effects of multiple post cure cycles on properties of composite carbon fibre and epoxy materials
Authors: Sambayi PMK , Heyns PS
Published: April 2023

Post-curing cycles have an effective impact on the thermal and mechanical properties of thermoset composite materials. Typically, post-cure cycles use heat to expose cured resin parts to high temperatures in an attempt to maximize their final properties. In most cases, these processes allow composite parts to achieve the highest possible strength and become stable. In industrial practice, however, it has been found that there are potential consequences of performing localized repairs on composite parts in an autoclave where the localized repair undergoes a normal curing process while the parent part undergoes an additional curing process. Thus, for the parent part, prolonged exposure to high temperatures can trigger a process of decomposition of the resin matrix, as could be the aging phenomena of composites in service. In such a scenario, two practical questions are worth asking: (1) to what extent can a resin matrix be post cured without risking degrading its thermal properties? (2) what are the residual mechanical and physical properties resulting from prolonged exposure of composite parts to elevated temperatures? In this work, an analysis was carried out to estimate the potential adverse effects on thermoset composite parts made of carbon fibre and epoxy resin materials commonly used in aerospace, in terms of thermal, physical and mechanical properties after a long exposure to high temperatures caused by multiple post cure cycles. Two types of prepreg laminates were used to make monolithic test panels using twill and plain weave architectures for the M21 and 8552 test panels respectively. Thermal tests were conducted to evaluate the evolution of the degree of cure, the glass transition temperature and the inter-laminar shear strength of post-cured panels, which were subjected to a different number of post cure cycles. The study found that multiple post cure cycles alter thermal properties, which in turn have adverse effects on physical and mechanical properties. The results demonstrated that the two types of composite materials respond differently to changes in properties. Twill weave panels quickly reach full cure after three stages while plain weave panels have undergone gradual curing. This difference in the curing process of the resin matrix clearly influenced the changes in the measurements of shear, surface hardness and compressive strengths.
The bridge to violence – Mapping and understanding conflict-related violence in postwar Mitrovica
Authors: Elfversson Emma , Gusic Ivan , Meye Marie-Therese
Published: April 2023

How can attention to spatial dynamics improve our understanding of where, how, and why conflict-related violence (CRV) concentrates within postwar cities such as Mitrovica? Like many other postwar cities, Mitrovica – one of Kosovo’s largest cities – remains affected by violence connected to the preceding war. This violence is not equally distributed across the city but rather concentrates to certain flashpoints while other sites are comparatively calm(er). To date, however, research on postwar cities has not fully explained such patterns, partly due to limitations in microlevel data. In this article we rely on novel georeferenced data on CRV, in combination with in-depth fieldwork, to map CRV in Mitrovica and explore the causes for its spatial clustering. Using this approach, we show that CRV concentrates at Mitrovica’s Main Bridge and explore this concentration using relational space as an analytical lens. The analysis contributes new insights into patterns of violence in Mitrovica, demonstrates the value of combining systematic data on the patterns of CRV with in-depth exploration into its underlying dynamics, and contributes to existing research on Mitrovica as well as on postwar cities and postwar violence more broadly.
Thunder storm mortality: Issues of medicolegal concern
Authors: Byard Roger W.
Published: April 2023

Thunderstorms refer to atmospheric disturbances that are associated with electrical discharges in the form of lightning, with acoustic effects from thunder. They involve the rapid upward movement of warm, moist air which then cools and condenses creating typical cumulonimbus clouds with precipitation. Thunderstorms range in severity but are usually associated with heavy rains, winds and sometimes sleet, hail and snow. If the intensity of a storm increases there may be tornadoes or cyclones. In cases with lightning strikes and minimal or no rain there is an associated risk for the development of quite devastating wild (bush) fires. Lightning strikes may also be associated with the development, or an exacerbation, of potentially lethal natural cardiac or respiratory diseases.
Parents’ Access to Flexible Work Arrangements and Time in Active Caregiving Activities
Authors: Augustine Jennifer March , Kim Jaeseung , Lee Mina
Published: April 2023

Greater access to flexible work arrangements is considered a solution to many working parents’ challenges balancing the demands of work and family, yet it remains unclear whether such arrangements are associated with parents’ time in the active caregiving activities linked to children’s development and parents’ notions of quality time. We examine this question using data from the American Time Use Survey and Leave and Job Flexibilities Module (2017–2018) ( n = 1,874 mothers, n = 1,756 fathers) and linear regression and inverse probability weighting techniques. Results indicate that access to flextime is associated with more active caregiving time for mothers but not fathers. They also provide suggestive evidence that flexplace is associated with more active caregiving time for mothers and fathers and strong evidence that it is associated with more passive caregiving time for both parents. The findings highlight the importance of expanding parents’ access to flexible work options, and the limits of doing so.
Understanding Statistical Noise in Research: 3. Noise in Regression Analysis
Authors: Andrade Chittaranjan
Published: April 2023

In regression analysis, the adjusted R2 value describes the proportion of the variance in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variables in the equation. What remains is unexplained or residual variance. Residual variance has two components: the contribution of unmeasured variables (residual confounding) and measurement error (noise). These concepts are explained using examples.
Geographies of migration III: The digital migrant
Authors: Collins Francis L
Published: April 2023

There is a growing focus on digitisation, datafication, automation and artificial intelligence in migration studies. This report reviews accounts of these technological innovations with a particular emphasis on their impacts for how migration is conceived and governed. The discussion overviews research that identifies and describes forms of digitisation and datafication, examines the role of automation and artificial intelligence in migration management, and discusses the links between and ethics of digitally mediated migrations and digital solidarities with mobile people. In closing, the report raises questions about the intellectual and political agenda of a purported sub-field of digital migration studies.
Potential of Bike Sharing During Disruptive Public Health Crises: A Review of COVID-19 Impacts
Authors: Teixeira João Filipe , Silva Cecília , Moura e Sá Frederico
Published: April 2023

With public transport (PT) continuing to be negatively affected by the coronavirus pandemic and private car usage surging, alternative modes need to be considered. In this study, we review the available evidence (from academic and gray literature sources) on the performance of bike sharing systems (BSSs) during COVID-19 around the world, with the goal of assessing their potential contribution to improving the resilience of transport systems during pandemics and similar disruptive events. We found BSS usage followed a decrease-rebound pattern, with BSSs overall sustaining lower ridership declines and faster recoveries compared with PT. During lockdowns especially, the average duration of BSS trips increased, following a rise in casual users and leisure trips, while commuting trips decreased. Evidence has also been found for a possible modal shift from some PT users to BSSs, with a decline in the share of multimodal trips conducted between PT and BSSs. Bike sharing is perceived as safer than other shared modes (e.g., PT, taxis, and ride-hailing/sharing) but as having a higher infection risk than personal modes (e.g., private car, walking, and personal bike). Moreover, the BSS was an important transport alternative for essential workers, with several operators providing waivers especially to healthcare staff, leading to ridership increases near healthcare facilities and in deprived neighborhoods. Findings from this research support policies for promoting bike sharing, namely through fee reductions, system expansions, and symbiotic integration with PT, as BSSs can increase the sustainability and resilience of transport systems during disruptive public health events like COVID-19.
Laboratory Study on Entire Range Suction Measurement and Microstructure Change of Granite Residual Soil
Authors: Ling Jianming , Li Xiang , Lin Sheng , Cen Yebo , Li Chenchen
Published: April 2023

The shear strength of unsaturated granite residual soil (GRS) will decline rapidly when moisture content increases, because of loss of matric suction in the soil. This can lead to slope instability and embankment collapse during rainfall. Determining the matric suction of GRS accurately at different conditions can improve the accuracy of stability analysis. Generally, matric suction can be characterized as the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC), and it is closely related to soil microstructure. In this study, the entire range of matric suction was measured using a combination of pressure plate method, filter paper method, and vapor equilibrium method. Microstructure change was investigated based on mercury intrusion porosimeter tests, in which the pore size distribution (PSD) curves of GRS samples with different initial densities and moisture content were measured. The PSDs of samples before and after wetting were also measured and compared to investigate the influence of water intrusion. Test results indicate that the combination of measurement methods can cover the entire matric suction range. The microstructure of GRS with different initial conditions presents a clear bimodal PSD. At the same density, the increase in initial moisture content can increase intra-aggregate pores and decrease inter-aggregate pores. When initial density increases, only the volume of inter-aggregate pores decreases. Wetting can decrease inter-aggregate pores and increase intra-aggregate pores. Finally, the Li model is applied in SWCC fitting for tested samples, the result of which performs well with a high correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.95) and is recommended for GRS analysis.
Comprehensive comparison of protective effect of customized multi-layered versus boil-and-bite mouth guard on orofacial tissues: A finite element analysis framework
Authors: Darvizeh Atanaz , Tecco Simona , Golbaf Ali , Beraldi Alessandro , Felice Gherlone Enrico , Darvizeh Rooholamin
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to numerically investigate the protective efficiency of multilayered and boil-and-bite mouthguards on orofacial hard and soft tissues subjected to impact loadings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt which studies the protective efficacy of mouthguards on orofacial injuries including both hard and soft tissues such as articular disks, stylomandibular and sphenomandibular ligaments, that are commonly neglected in clinical and numerical studies. To address this issue, a finite element based numerical framework has been proposed using the Abaqus finite element software. This study considers three different situations of the craniofacial structure, without any mouthguard, with the customized multilayered mouthguard and with a boil-and-bite mouthguard. The protective effectiveness of mouthguards is numerically evaluated based on pressure and displacement distributions on the orofacial hard and soft tissues under two different actual impact loadings. In all cases the results revealed that the customized multilayered mouthguard can more effectively reduce the stress concentration on orofacial hard and soft tissues which is the key factor to evaluate the protective efficiency of different types of mouthguard. As an example, a comparison between the protective efficiency of multilayered and boil-and-bite mouthguards reveals that under uppercut punch impact loading, the multilayered mouthguard performs 18.45% and 21.32% more effective respectively for upper and lower teeth and stylomandibular ligament. Furthermore, the simulation results for stylomandibular ligament and articular disk enable us to conclude that wearing a customized multilayered mouthguard cannot be replaced by a boil-and-bite mouthguard, since it causes more harm in comparison to the unprotected case.
Semantic closed-loop based visual mapping algorithm for automated valet parking
Authors: Jiang Haobin , Chen Yixiao , Shen Qingyuan , Yin Chenhui , Cai Junyu
Published: April 2023

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is one of the core technologies to realize automated valet parking (AVP). Currently, advanced visual feature-based SLAM systems suffer from feature extraction failure and tracking loss due to the constraints of textureless scenes, unclear illumination, and dynamic conditions. To address these problems, this paper proposes a visual SLAM algorithm based on a semantic closed-loop detection algorithm using surround-view cameras and inertial measurement units (IMU) as sensors. The algorithm combines semantic features and the idea of inverse index to improve the traditional keyframes selection methods and the closed-loop detection algorithms, effectively avoiding the tedious and complicated feature point matching and improving the computational efficiency of the computer. Experiments show that the algorithm in this paper achieves better results in terms of precision and recall, absolute trajectory error (ATE), and relative pose error (RPE), and can meet the demand for SLAM and subsequent navigation in indoor parking lots.
Parameter sensitivity analysis of an electrochemical-thermal model for energy-storage lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Mingfei , Sun Wanmei , Rao Mumin , Cui Shuxin , Fu Qiang , Chen Wei
Published: April 2023

The lithium-ion batteries used for energy storage have the characteristics of large volume, high capacity, and long cycle life. Understanding the influence of physical parameters on electric potential and temperature is of critical importance for the design and operation of battery management systems. Here we developed an electrochemical-thermal coupled model that is composed of lithium-ion battery Pseudo-2D (P2D) model and heat transfer equations. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to illuminate the influence of various electrochemical parameters on battery capacity, terminal voltage, temperature curve and other technical indicators for a LiFePO4 battery with the capacity of 117Ah. The sensitivity matrices of the parameters under different C-rates and depth of discharge regions are organized, and a new five segments sensitivity analysis method is proposed in this study, which is helpful to reduce the sensitivity variance caused by the change of capacity during the discharging process. The parameters which have the greatest impact on battery capacity, voltage, and temperature are sorted out and illustrated. Furthermore, the influence rules of electrochemical parameters on the capacity and temperature-related technical indicators have also been summarized.
Configurations of Business Model Innovation: Unpacking the Practice Adopted by Firms in an Emerging Market Context
Authors: Weerakoon Chamindika , Kodithuwakku Sarath S.
Published: April 2023

Building on the strategy-as-practice perspective, this exploratory study addresses an overlooked line of inquiry into the forms, differentiators, and performance differences of micro-activities underpinning business model innovation (BMI) in an emerging market in the backdrop of dominating studies on conceptualisations, descriptions, antecedents, and preconditions to BMI. Cluster analysis of 127 managerial-level employees’ responses gathered through a survey uncovered three forms of micro-activities underpinning BMI unique to the firms’ economic activity: finance-driven, offer and customer-driven, and multiple-epicentre-driven. The common focus on customer relationships element across the clusters confirmed the uniqueness of the BMI approach in an emerging market. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) confirmed the performance differences among the clusters. The interdependency of BMI dimensions and the approaches to aligning BMI dimensions are proposed for future research.
Subculturalisation/tribalisation as a social process: The Yugoslav 1980s and the roots of the ultras subculture in Croatia
Authors: Perasović Benjamin , Mustapić Marko , Hrstić Ivan
Published: April 2023

As opposed to the discourse marking the division between the subculturalists and the post-subculturalists, we hold that subculturalisation and tribalisation are essentially the same social process. The process within which the Croatian ultras subculture was formed, took place from the late 1970s to the late 1980s. Nationalism and violence are broadly acknowledged as the main features of this new subcultural style in socialist Yugoslavia. However, to fully understand the process it is necessary to study broader spectrum of influences and relationships between actors on the social scene. Therefore we put emphasis on the interaction between football supporters and subcultural styles founded on rock and similar genres of music. This interaction proved to be crucial in anti-establishment and anti-mainstream sensibilities of the emerging football supporter scene. This is particularly important while these sensibilities have remained one of basic characteristics of the ultras subculture in modern Croatia.
Black Moms Matter: A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Barriers to Service Utilization at a Children’s Advocacy Center Following Childhood Abuse
Authors: Metzger Isha W. , Moreland Angela , Garrett Rachael J. , Reid-Quiñones Kathryn , Spivey Briana N. , Hamilton Jahi , López Cristina
Published: April 2023

Black families are significantly less likely to receive evidence-based trauma treatment services; however, little is known about factors impacting engagement, particularly at Children’s Advocacy Centers (CACs). The goal of this study is to better understand barriers and facilitators of service utilization for Black caregivers of CAC referred youth. Participants ( n = 15) were randomly selected Black maternal caregivers (ages 26–42) recruited from a pool of individuals who were referred to receive CAC services. Black maternal caregivers reported barriers to accessing services at CACs including a lack of assistance and information in the referral and onboarding process, transportation issues, childcare, employment hours, system mistrust, stigma associated with the service system, and outside stressors such as stressors related to parenting. Maternal caregivers also shared suggestions for improving services at CACs including increasing the length, breadth, and clarity of investigations conducted by child protection services and law enforcement (LE) agencies, providing case management services, and having more diverse staff and discussing racial stressors. We conclude by identifying specific barriers to the initiation and engagement in services for Black families, and we provide suggestions for CACs seeking to improve engagement of Black families referred for trauma-related mental health services.
Flexor tenectomy: salvage surgery following feline onychectomy
Authors: Gaskin Ronald W , Clarkson Christina E , Walter Patricia A
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Onychectomized cats ( Felis catus) with inappropriate elimination behaviors or aggression may be responding to painful paw pathology, even several years after the initial onychectomy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the onychectomized toes of this population of cats for pain (thorough physical examination and/or buprenorphine trial), pathological changes (using high-resolution radiographs) and response to tenectomy in those with hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint.

Methods

Cats in this study were previously onychectomized and exhibited inappropriate behaviors (inappropriate elimination, biting), exhibited pain associated with the onychectomy site or had behavioral improvements when put on a 2-week buprenorphine trial. A detailed history was obtained, including verification of proper litter box placement and management. Physical examinations included a close analysis of the onychectomized digits for resistance to extension and pain on palpation. Only cats with a normal urinalysis were included in the study. High-resolution radiographic imaging was performed on all study cats. A total flexor tenectomy was performed on cats with hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints.

Results

All 42 cats included in the study benefited from total flexor tenectomy surgery. Two cats remained biters, even after a long course of analgesic medication. All cats walked more comfortably post-tenectomy surgery.

Conclusions and relevance

Onychectomy can lead to pain, inappropriate elimination and aggressive behavior. The presented salvage tenectomy procedure can alleviate or eliminate inappropriate behaviors by reducing the pain from the original onychectomy.
Artificial intelligence: Augmenting telehealth with large language models
Authors: Snoswell Centaine L , Snoswell Aaron J , Kelly Jaimon T , Caffery Liam J , Smith Anthony C
Published: April 2023

This brief editorial describes an emerging area of machine learning technology called large language models (LLMs). LLMs, such as ChatGPT, are the technological disruptor of this decade. They are going to be integrated into search engines (Bing and Google) and into Microsoft products in the coming months. They will therefore fundamentally change the way patients and clinicians access and receive information. It is essential that telehealth clinicians are aware of LLMs and appreciate their capabilities and limitations.
Relationships between parenting and illness factors and child behaviour difficulties in children with asthma and/or eczema
Authors: Morawska Alina , Etel Evren , Mitchell Amy E
Published: April 2023

Chronic health conditions such as asthma and eczema are common and are associated with significant psychosocial sequelae for children and their families. A number of parenting variables have been implicated in child health outcomes; however, there are gaps in understanding of the relationships between parenting and child adjustment in the context of chronic illness. This study examined the role that modifiable parenting factors including parenting style, self-efficacy, and adjustment play in explaining general and illness-related child behaviour and emotional problems. Parents ( N = 107) of children diagnosed with asthma only ( n = 22), eczema only ( n = 59), or both conditions ( n = 26) completed a range of parenting and child adjustment measures. The majority of the modifiable parenting factors (parents’ self-efficacy with managing their child’s internalising, asthma-related, and eczema-related behaviours; parent adjustment; and use of ineffective parenting strategies) made significant contributions to explaining variance child behaviour. Parenting variables consistently explained greater proportions of variance in general and illness-related child behaviour difficulties compared to demographic and illness factors and represent important intervention targets.
Pediatric primary care clinicians’ views on needs and challenges in caring for infants with intrauterine opioid exposure and their families
Authors: Rohde Jessica F , Canter Kimberly , Houff Madison , Bodt Barry , Pachter Lee M , Di Guglielmo Matthew D , Goyal Neera
Published: April 2023

Opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy has risen in the U.S. over the past two decades, resulting in a growing number of children with intrauterine opioid exposure (IOE). Limited research exists supporting best practices to optimize primary care for these children and their families, particularly mothers with OUD. Using a modified Delphi method, we surveyed pediatric primary care clinicians from a single children’s health care system regarding their experiences in caring for this population. In Phase 1, open-ended survey questions inquired about needs and challenges facing these infants, their families, and clinicians and resources within primary care. After thematic analysis, the most frequent responses were presented as a Phase 2 survey for clinicians to select their top five. Percentages for the most commonly selected top five themes were tabulated. Survey response rates were 58/139 (42%) for Phase 1 and 45/137 (33%) for Phase 2. For infants with IOE and their families, respondents identified parenting knowledge and family issues related to maternal OUD as top challenges, with limited resources to address them in primary care. Clinicians identified time constraints and follow-up issues as top challenges. Future intervention in pediatric primary care could include addressing parenting education, resource gaps, and best practice recommendations in caring for children with IOE.
Does the audience welcome an audience-oriented journalism?
Authors: Truyens Pauljan , Picone Ike
Published: April 2023

Although the ‘audience turn’ ( Costera Meijer, 2020 ) in journalism has been extensively discussed in studies, and journalists acknowledge the need to improve their relationship with their audience ( Nelson and Lewis 2022 ), the audience’s perspective on journalistic roles remains underexplored ( Riedl and Eberl, 2020 ). Generally, the examination of journalistic roles has been from a production perspective ( Hanusch 2019 ). We aim to address this ‘gap’ by examining journalism as a discursive institution ( Zelizer 1993 ), and focusing on audience-oriented roles, defined in the Worlds of Journalism-study as accommodative roles ( Hanitzsch et al. 2019 ). We surveyed a representative sample (N = 1577) of Flemish respondents about their news use, news attitudes, and their views on audience-oriented journalistic roles. Regression models were used to predict differences in how different subsets of news users view the importance of these journalistic roles. Our findings reveal that subsets of users have diverse expectations of what journalists should do, for instance, younger audiences expect journalists to act less as explainers than older audiences. Incorporating the audience’s views in the discussion of journalistic roles could be a useful approach to strengthen the audience-journalism relationship.
Trauma-informed Interventions in Early Childhood Education and Care Settings: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sun Yihan , Blewitt Claire , Minson Victoria , Bajayo Rachael , Cameron Lee , Skouteris Helen
Published: April 2023

Trauma in early childhood is a significant public health concern. Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services are uniquely positioned to buffer the negative impact of early childhood trauma on children. This scoping review synthesized studies evaluating trauma-informed interventions in ECEC settings through a systematic search of four relevant online databases (PsycINFO, Medline, ERIC, A+ Education). Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, with 12 ECEC center-based trauma-informed interventions evaluated. Types and components of trauma-informed interventions, outcomes, and measures are presented. Findings suggest that trauma-informed interventions in ECEC settings are nascent but growing. Increasingly, programs are adopting multi-tiered system of support to address early childhood trauma, with these models suggesting promising results. The predominant focus of ECEC center-based trauma-informed interventions was upskilling teachers through training and coaching, with studies focused on assessment of teacher-level outcomes. Child, organization, and caregiver-level outcomes are not explored to the same extent, with evaluation of organizational outcomes relying predominately on qualitative methods. Whilst the short-term outcomes of trauma-informed approaches in ECEC have been examined, longer-term impacts and the causal mechanistic pathways of such programs have yet to be explored.
MCNPX Estimation of Photoneutron Dose to Eye Voxel Anthropomorphic Phantom From 18 MV Linear Accelerator
Authors: Alghamdi Ali AA
Published: April 2023

The dose due to photoneutron contamination outside the field of irradiation can be significant when using high-energy linear accelerators. The eye is a radiation-sensitive organ, and this risk increases when high linear energy transfer neutron radiation is involved. This study aimed to provide a fast method to estimate photoneutron dose to the eye during radiotherapy. A typical high-energy linear accelerator operating at 18 MV was simulated using the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code System extended version (MCNPX 2.5.0). The latest International Atomic Energy Agency photonuclear data library release was integrated into the code, accounting for the most known elements and isotopes used in typical linear accelerator construction. The photoneutron flux from a 5 × 5 cm2field size was scored at the treatment table plane and used as a new source for estimating the absorbed dose in a high-resolution eye voxel anthropomorphic phantom. In addition, common shielding media were tested to reduce the photoneutron dose to the eye using common shielding materials. Introducing a 2 cm thickness of common neutron shielding medium reduced the total dose received in the eye voxel anthropomorphic phantom by 54%. In conclusion, individualized treatment based on photoneutron dose assessment is essential to better estimate the secondary dose inside or outside the field of irradiation.
“Ethics Ready”? Governing Research Through Informed Consent Procedures
Authors: Caeymaex Florence , Wenger Carole , de Heusch Félicien , Lafleur Jean-Michel
Published: April 2023

Social Scientists using ethnographic methods are increasingly confronted with ethical clearance procedures imposed by universities, national authorities, professional organizations and funders. In this article, we focus on informed consent procedures in particular and discuss how they govern fieldwork interactions. To do so, we first show how ethical clearance procedures in Europe have been influenced by biomedical science, creating a risk of “governing the social science research in the name of ethics” (Haggerty, 2004) through “anticipatory regulatory regimes” (Murphy and Dingwall, 2007). We subsequently discuss the implementation of ethical procedures negotiated with an ethical review panel in the framework of an EU-funded project in migration studies. In doing so, we show how Research Ethics Committees (RECs) can incentivize researchers to comply with ethical guidelines and procedures in order to be considered as “ethics ready” by the funder. Providing examples of different ethnographic situations, we argue that —while informed consent procedures might reinforce participants’ vulnerabilities— they can also activate their desire to assert power. The article concludes with three recommendations that call for a redefinition of the relationships between institutions, researchers and participants through a co-construction of research ethics.
Solving large-scale multi-agent tasks via transfer learning with dynamic state representation
Authors: Dou Lintao , Jia Zhen , Huang Jian
Published: April 2023

Many research results have emerged in the past decade regarding multi-agent reinforcement learning. These include the successful application of asynchronous advantage actor-critic, double deep Q-network and other algorithms in multi-agent environments, and the more representative multi-agent training method based on the classical centralized training distributed execution algorithm QMIX. However, in a large-scale multi-agent environment, training becomes a major challenge due to the exponential growth of the state-action space. In this article, we design a training scheme from small-scale multi-agent training to large-scale multi-agent training. We use the transfer learning method to enable the training of large-scale agents to use the knowledge accumulated by training small-scale agents. We achieve policy transfer between tasks with different numbers of agents by designing a new dynamic state representation network, which uses a self-attention mechanism to capture and represent the local observations of agents. The dynamic state representation network makes it possible to expand the policy model from a few agents (4 agents, 10 agents) task to large-scale agents (16 agents, 50 agents) task. Furthermore, we conducted experiments in the famous real-time strategy game Starcraft II and the multi-agent research platform MAgent. And also set unmanned aerial vehicles trajectory planning simulations. Experimental results show that our approach not only reduces the time consumption of a large number of agent training tasks but also improves the final training performance.
Signifying dissent: The sensory semiotics of protest
Authors: Young Alison , Popovski Hristijan
Published: April 2023

Public protests need to communicate their aims to an audience, and the audience must make sense of the message. Initially this article was planned as a visual analysis of protest signs and placards. But to avoid ‘reproduc[ing] the privileged position of sight and vision over other ways of knowing’, we attend to the contested relations between signification, power, and all the senses. The sounds, smells, sights, tastes, and textures found at protests by groups such as Extinction Rebellion, Occupy, and the gilets jaunes, and on issues including women’s rights, nuclear power, immigration detention, Covid-19 lockdowns and vaccination mandates. Through ethnographic documentation of protests and the ‘live’ coverage broadcast in social and news media, our investigation of activities, scenes, signs, and participants reveals, firstly, that public dissent communicates through multiple sensory dimensions, and, secondly, that the senses of street-based protests are inextricably intertwined with sensory control tactics used against protesters in the policing of events.
The effect of chronic academic stress on intentional forgetting
Authors: Qi Mingming , Gai Ru , Gao Heming
Published: April 2023

This study investigated whether chronic academic stress could affect the directed forgetting (DF) process. Both the stress group (undergoing preparation for a major academic examination) and the control group performed a DF task. A forgetting cue was presented after a to-be-forgotten (TBF) word, whereas no cue appeared after a to-be-remembered (TBR) item in the study phase. An old/new recognition test was used in the test phase. The results showed that (1) the stress group showed a higher level of self-reported stress, state anxiety, negative affect, and decreased cortisol awakening response (CAR) compared with the control group, suggesting a higher level of stress for the stress group. (2) Both groups showed superior recognition performance of TBR than TBF items, suggesting a DF effect. (3) The stress group showed inferior recognition performance of TBF items and an enhanced DF effect compared with the control group. These results demonstrated that the intentional memory control process might be enhanced under chronic academic stress.
2022 Beijing winter Olympic games: The effect of media visual primes on American public opinion about the Olympics and China
Authors: Vishnevskaya Anastasia , Hilton Kelly , Price Ron , Thatcher Geoffrey , Zhang Ziyao , Tan Alexis
Published: April 2023

The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics took place when American public opinion about China was already predominantly negative as media reports had a lot of highlights of human rights violations happening in China. Besides, earlier, the global image of China was undermined by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we explored whether American public opinion about the Olympics and China can be influenced by images of the Olympics shared in the media. Findings from the 2 × 2 between-subject experimental design suggest that the opinions about the Olympics can be predicted by people's beliefs about China's role in the global pandemic. In addition to that, our findings suggest that pre-existing opinions and feelings held by most of the population can mitigate the effects of visual primes.
Comparison of Muscle Coordination During Front Crawl and Backstroke With and Without Swimmer’s Shoulder Pain
Authors: Matsuura Yuiko , Matsunaga Naoto , Akuzawa Hiroshi , Oshikawa Tomoki , Kaneoka Koji
Published: April 2023

Background:

Shoulder pain, known as swimmer’s shoulder, is the most common injury for swimmers. Studies that have analyzed muscle activity have focused on the shoulder joint. However, the whole-body muscle coordination of swimmers with swimmer’s shoulder is not clear, although swimming requires movements of the upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs to obtain propulsive force. This study investigated differences in muscle coordination between swimmers with and without swimmer’s shoulder during the front crawl and backstroke using muscle synergy analysis.

Hypothesis:

Swimmers with swimmer’s shoulder have muscle synergies differing from those without it.

Study Design:

Case-control study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

A total of 20 elite swimmers who regularly swam front crawl and backstroke were included (swimmer’s shoulder, n = 8; control, n = 12). Muscle synergy data were analyzed using the nonnegative matrix factorization method and compared between groups.

Results:

For both front crawl and backstroke, there were 2 synergies in the control group and 3 synergies in the swimmer’s shoulder group. During recovery, the control group showed coordinated triceps brachii, serratus anterior, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles activities; however, in the swimmer’s shoulder group, the contribution of the upper limbs decreased and only that of the trunk muscles increased.

Conclusion:

A comparison of muscle coordination during the front crawl and backstroke performed by swimmers with and without swimmer’s shoulder revealed that coordination differed during the recovery phase. During both front crawl and backstroke, the swimmer’s shoulder group could not maintain coordination with the upper limb when the trunk rolled, and split synergy was formed between the upper limbs and trunk.

Clinical Relevance:

Because coordination of the upper limbs and trunk is important during the recovery phase of front crawl and backstroke, swimmer’s shoulder rehabilitation should introduce exercises to improve their coordination between the upper limbs and the trunk.