bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de marcadores tiroideos para el diagnóstico de trastornos endocrinos en mascotas de la Ciudad del Tena
Authors: Tapia Pruna Edith Pamela , Bedon Vera Gabriela Elizabeth , Cacuango Morocho Nathaly Lizbeth , López Buñay Gissela Alexandra
Published: January 2025

Este estudio, realizado en la ciudad de Tena, Napo, Ecuador, analizó la prevalencia del hipotiroidismo en pacientes caninos de la Clínica Veterinaria "Dr. Vet". Se evaluó una muestra de 13 animales, tomando en cuenta factores como raza, edad, peso y enfermedades preexistentes. El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia del hipotiroidismo primario o secundario, mediante la medición de los niveles de T4 libre, T4 total y TSH en suero sanguíneo, utilizando el método de Inmunoensayo de Fluorescencia (FIA). Los resultados mostraron que el 46,15% de los perros presentaban hipotiroidismo secundario, caracterizado por niveles bajos de T4 libre y total, junto con niveles inapropiados de TSH. Además, se observó una mayor predisposición en las hembras para desarrollar hipotiroidismo secundario. La raza y el sexo de los perros también fueron factores relevantes en la prevalencia de la enfermedad. Este estudio subraya la importancia de realizar diagnósticos adecuados y personalizados, considerando factores como la edad, el peso y los aspectos hormonales, lo que contribuye a una mayor precisión en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del hipotiroidismo en perros.
The Role of Caffeine on Swimming: A Literature Review
Authors: Yohanes Paruhum Rico
Published: January 2025

Caffeine is a widely recognized stimulant that affects the central nervous system and has garnered attention in sports, particularly swimming, for its potential to enhance physical performance. This literature review examines the complex relationship between caffeine consumption and swimming performance, focusing on factors such as dosage, timing, and individual responses. Evidence suggests that caffeine can improve sprint performance, with studies indicating a 2-3% increase in speed for short distances (50-100 meters) and a 1.5-2.0% reduction in times for mid-distance events (200-400 meters). Optimal caffeine intake ranges from 3-6 mg/kg body weight, consumed 30-60 minutes prior to competition, although excessive intake may lead to adverse effects. Individual variability, influenced by genetics and physiological conditions, plays a significant role in performance outcomes. While caffeine shows promise as an ergogenic aid, careful consideration of individual differences and potential side effects is essential. Further research is needed to refine understanding of caffeine's impact on swimming performance and to develop tailored recommendations for athletes and coaches.
Butterfly Hug Therapy in Enhancing Self-Acceptance Among High School Female Students
Authors: Hidayat Alifian Nur
Published: January 2025

This transitional period experiences significant changes that may be followed by various crises as it relates to identity formation, self-image, body image. Self-acceptance can help adolescents achieve a more positive self. Butterfly hug therapy is one way to increase self-acceptance. This study aims to determine the effect of butterfly hug therapy on self-acceptance in high school students. Quantitative methods with a pseudo-experimental design were used in this study. Involving 34 high school students, data were obtained using a self-acceptance scale. The data collected were then analyzed with the results of the study showing that: 1) independent sample t-test, obtained a sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05 which means there is a difference in the average self-acceptance results between the experimental class of butterfly hug therapy and the control class. Hypothesis testing shows that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected with the research hypothesis that there is an effect of increasing self-acceptance in adolescent girls who are treated with butterfly hug therapy; 2) Spearman rank test on the experimental group showed a correlation coefficient of 0.922**. This means that the level of relationship strength (correlation) between the experimental class posttest results and the experimental class sustain effect is 0.922 or very strong. It can be concluded that the treatment given has a long-term effect with a range of 1 week after treatment.
n Integrative Brain and Behavior CURE (Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience) using immunohistochemistry in the fighting fish Betta splendens
Authors: Crescencio Gelbert A. , Femi-Jegede Oluwafunmilade D. , Zhang Jingwen , Aquino Vasquez Elaine A. , Wallace Kelly J.
Published: January 2025

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) provide a variety of benefits to student learning outcomes. Here we describe an upper-level semester-long CURE that was implemented in Spring 2024 at Amherst College, a small liberal arts college, as part of the NEUR 313: Social Neuroendocrinology course. In the CURE, students conducted behavioral and immunohistochemical assays in the fighting fish Betta splendens. Students assessed whether behavioral and neural response differed between fish exposed to social and nonsocial stimuli. The CURE exposed students to a suite of behavioral, wet lab, and data analysis techniques. In addition to completing weekly lab primers, the students’ research efforts culminated in a final written paper and oral presentation
where students integrated both mechanistic and eco-evolutionary thinking. The CURE was very positively reviewed by the students, and future iterations of the CURE can be easily modified to fit new research topics that further explore biological questions through a neuroethological lens.
Active Learning Exercises in Synaptic Physiology and Connectivity for the Neuroscience Lecture Hall, Laboratory Course, or Outreach Setting
Authors: Meadows Austin , Sweiss Rachon , Kanchana Vichayada , Stout Randy F. , Otazu Gonzalo H. , Nicholas Andrea , Ramos Raddy L.
Published: January 2025

It is well-understood that active learning approaches have positive learning outcomes and improve retention. Active learning strategies for the neuroscience laboratory setting have been extensively developed. Fewer active learning approaches are available for the traditional lecture-based setting. Here we describe novel active learning exercises that teach fundamental principles of neuronal circuits and synaptic connectivity ideal for introductory neuroscience courses. Given the complexity of synaptic networks in the brain and the difficulty this material can present to students, our novel exercises can be beneficial to the neuroscience education community.
Primary Literature for Teaching Neuroimmunology – An Instructor's Resource
Authors: Chivero Ernest T.
Published: January 2025

Supplementing textbooks with primary literature in teaching neuroscience is a growing practice associated with several positive outcomes, such as increased content knowledge, research and data skills, and critical thinking. This pedagogical approach, however, still needs further development to make it accessible to instructors and valuable to students. This article describes a series of published articles we used in an undergraduate neuroimmunology course. Articles were selected to supplement the teaching of significant principles in the neuroimmunology of disease in neuro-infections, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative

diseases. Specifically, articles on multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, Herpes Simplex Virus 1, SIV/HIV infections, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s diseases are described, and the pedagogical value of each is enunciated. These sources could be incorporated into a range of undergraduate and graduate courses to introduce several topics and principles of neuroimmunology.
Effects of Gamification on Student Success and Perception of Instruction in Neuroanatomy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Fry Benjamin R.
Published: January 2025

As a subset of active learning, gamification involves the application of gaming principles as a means of improving student outcomes in the classroom. Recent work has shown that such active learning strategies may be particularly effective at reducing the rate of failure in STEM courses. In this retrospective case study, I examined the effects on student exam performance, rate of failure, and perception of instruction following a semester-long course improvement project that involved implementing a novel tabletop style roleplaying game (Build-a-Zombie) during lab sessions in an undergraduate neuroanatomy course. The game I developed tasked students with using their knowledge from lecture to design their own pathological zombie nervous system. When compared to a previous cohort, students in the gamified version of the course showed significantly increased exam scores, a trend toward decreased rates of failure, and a more positive perception of instruction, even though lecture and exam content remained the same.
Historical Depictions of the Brain: The Origins from the Non-Western World
Authors:   The University of British Columbia, Yousef Tareq
Published: January 2025

Any written work concerning the history of neuroanatomy would be difficult to imagine without acknowledging the
pioneering works of Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Camillo Golgi. Cajal improved upon Golgi’s staining technique at the turn of the 20th century. He implemented it to deliver the world’s first incredibly detailed visualizations of cellular networks of the nervous system. Dating further back to the 15th century, most students of neuroanatomy or of the philosophy of science are familiar with René Decartes’
depiction of mind-body dualism which illustrates the passing of visual information to the brain. These illustrations (i.e., mostly Cajal’s) have gone on to significantly influence future research, commonly featured as visual aids in neuroscience presentations. Like most of
the historical depictions of the brain, including medieval illustrations of trepanning, these drawings are of western European origin. Little, if any work has attempted to compile or assess historical depictions of the brain from outside of the western world. It is very likely that non-western historical depictions of the brain exist, but are less popularized and have been scarce in the circulating historical literature. Thus, more historical investigations are required to balance these views for a complete historical lens on neuroanatomy.
Since early civilizations existed far across the globe, it is likely that depictions of the nervous system have existed
before the aforementioned scholars who make up the mainstream approach to neuroanatomy history education. The present work aims to introduce students and instructors of neuroscience, and particularly neuroanatomy, to other early illustrated neuroanatomical works which may be less popularized. Additionally, this assessment seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the historical emergence of
neuroscience and more specifically, neuroanatomy. This article attempts to start this conversation, utilizing what are thought to be the first modern neuroanatomical analyses of some of the cited illustrations from the non-western world.
Свідоме протистояння медіатравматизації під час продукування інформаційних повідомлень як рефлексивне управління
Authors: Найдьонов Михайло І. , Скляренко Інна Ю.
Published: January 2025

Робота пропонує способи забезпечення готовності медіа до саморегуляції під час війни. Свідоме протистояння медіатравматизації через конструктивне рефлексивне управління процесами саморегуляції — це критично важливі кроки, які можуть знизити негативний вплив медіа на психічне здоров’я аудиторії
Qualitative Analysis of Crude Extract from the Leaves of Cassia occidentalis
Authors: Pushpa Khatnal  , Rajesh Kumar Verma  , Mukesh Kumar Sharma
Published: January 2025

Medicinal plants have intrinsic antioxidant qualities that these items use to enhance health, prevent sickness, and prolonged life expectancy. In this study, a preliminary study of qualitative analysis was performed in crude extracts of leaf extracts of Cassia occidentalis using various solvent on the basis of polarity. The data obtained in the in vitro models clearly establish the antioxidant potency of leaf extracts of Cassia occidentalis. In the present study we have used aqueous extract of the leaves, followed by the methanolic, disteled water and petroleum ether extracts, respectively. We have reported the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, phytosterols, and flavonoids through a series of standard tests. The study provides substantial evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of Cassia extract, as sources of various natural antioxidants and anticancer agents. The exploration of these plant extract could potentially lead to the development of new, effective, and natural therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases, particularly those related to oxidative stress and cancer.
BIODIVERSITY DEPRIVATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SOCIETY
Authors: Rajesh Kumar Verma  , Kalpana Soni  , Pushpa Khatnal
Published: January 2025

All levels of biological structure, from macromolecules within cells to biomes, contribute to the enormous diversity (or heterogeneity) found in our biosphere. Earth's rich ecosystem diversity is one of her greatest strengths. Biodiversity is "the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part," as defined by the Resolution on Biological Diversity. This reflects the wide range of organismal, ecological diversity, and genetic available on Earth, which is supported by the more than 9 million species of life (bacteria, fungi, animals, plants, and protists) that share the planet with humans. The health of Earth's ecosystem depends on the intricate interactions of its many diverse species. But in the last few decades, we've seen a dramatic deterioration in the number of species and the range of those that remained. Humanity's disruptive activities on the Earth's environment are killing off more species, genes, and biological features than ever before
Monoterpenes as Effective Biocides for Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus and Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.)
Authors: KAUR PUSHPINDER , SINGH VINAIKA , SRIVASTAVA AJAI , RASTOGI BIKRAM SINGH AND RICHA
Published: January 2025

Various pure monoterpenes and essential oils, including limonene-free citrus oil (LFC), ocimene, dihydrotagetone, carvone, a-terpineol, terpenyl acetate, and linalool were tested for their toxicity and repellency against Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil) and Lipaphis erysimi (mustard aphid). All the compounds showed varying degrees of toxicity on both the insect pests. LFC exhibited the highest repellent activity against L. erysimi (93.33%), followed by carvone (76.66%) and a-terpenyl acetate (73.33%). LFC and carvone also caused 100% aphid mortality within 12 h, with similar efficacy of linalool (90.0%) and a-terpenyl acetate (90.0%). For S. oryzae, ocimene, linalool, and dihydrotagetone produced 100% mortality after 15 days of the treatment of the stored grains. It is the first study to examine the toxicological effects of isolated pure monoterpenes, ocimene, dihydrotagetone, and a fraction of citrus oil LFC on rice weevils and mustard aphids. The strong effectiveness of LFC indicated that the insecticidal activity of citrus oil is not solely attributed to its main component, limonene; the minor compounds also play a crucial role in its insecticidal properties.. KEYWORDS :Insecticidal activity, Limonene, Lipaphis erysimi, Monoterpene, Sitophilus oryzae, Repellency
Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antifungal Activity against Powdery Mildew Disease of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and Genotoxicity Potentials
Authors: ALMUSALLAM AHMED HASHIM , ISMAIL AHMED MAHMOUD , EL-GAWAD EMAN SAID ELSHEWY AND MONA E. ABD
Published: January 2025

Powdery mildew, caused by Leveillula taurica, anamorph Oidiopsis taurica, is one of the most serious diseases affecting pepper (Capsicum annuum) under greenhouses and open fields in Egypt. The current study aimed to investigate the relative antifungal activity of chemically synthesized Zinc oxide (ZnO)-nanoparticles (CS-ZnO NPs) and green synthesized Zinc oxide (ZnO)-nanoparticles (GS-ZnO NPs) against pepper powdery mildew under greenhouse conditions. A controlled precipitation technique was used to produce CS-ZnO NPs, and aqueous leaf extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa was used to produce GS-ZnO NPs. ZnO NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering. The CS-ZnO NPs were 105.7 nm in size and with a zeta potential of -15.7 mV, whereas those of GS-ZnO NPs were 86.9 nm in size and zeta potential of -18.3 mV, respectively. TEM analyses of GS-ZnO NPs and CS-ZnO NPs confirmed their spherical shape. At 300 mg/L concentration, both types of NPs revealed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decline in disease severity (DS) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The effectiveness of these NPs varied between 78.74 and 82.45%. However, penconazole exhibited the most significant effect, as evidenced by the lowest DS (9.5 and 11.72) and AUDPC (481.02 and 578.14) values when compared with GS-ZnO NPs and CS-ZnO NPs and control in both greenhouses. Pepper plants treated with GS-ZnO NPs and CS-ZnO NPs exhibited increased chlorophyll and carotenoid content, indicating a correlation with the dosage applied. Contrarily, the increased GS-ZnO NPs and CS-ZnO NPs concentration reduced the total phenol content (TPC). The treated pepper plants also exhibited the highest peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase levels at 100 mg/L. The findings revealed a dose-dependent increase of 9.6% and 9.4% in micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations. Our results implied that either GS-ZnO NPs or CS-ZnO NPs are capable of causing genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of rats, even at low dosages of 50 mg/kg after 14 days, and the effect gradually extended up to 28 days. The data suggests the cautious use of nano-products is inevitable, and the mitotic damage should be assessed before using such nano-products on a large scale.. KEYWORDS :Antifungal, Genotoxicity, Nanoparticles, Pepper, Powdery mildew, Zinc oxide
Evaluation of Non-Pesticidal Chemicals to Control Dry Bubble Disease Caused by Lecanicillium fungicola in Edible Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus
Authors: HASSAN HAROON RASHID AHMED AND ABDULLAH ABD AL-KAREEM
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted at the mushroom production farm affiliated with the College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, from 2022 to 2023. Some non-pesticidal compounds were evaluated against Agaricus bisporus mushrooms under dry bubble disease conditions caused by the fungus Lecanicillium fungicola. The efficacy of citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate, and hydrogen peroxide was determined. The effect of salts such as zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, and sodium molybdate for virulence factor reduction and chitinase extracted from the pathogenic fungus was measured. Citric acid controlled the disease and enhanced the productivity and qualitative properties of A. bisporus. The results indicated that the lowest infection rate was 22.93% after treating with citric acid + pathogenic fungus, compared to 69.98% after inoculation with the pathogenic fungus alone. The severity of infection was 11.12% after citric acid treatment, which was 63.94% if the pathogen alone was inoculated. After this treatment, the highest fresh weight of fruit bodies was recorded (1908.38 g/20 kg compost). The biological efficiency recorded was as high as 47.71% compared to the lowest at 21.48% due to the pathogenic fungus. Hydrogen peroxide + pathogenic fungus demonstrated the highest hardness rate of 8.16 kg/cm2 compared to the lowest effect in the pathogenic fungus treatment, with a hardness rate of 3.61 kg/cm2. Moreover, citric acid was suitable for retaining the highest protein content in the mushrooms (31.49%), which was only 18.1% in the pathogen treatment alone.. KEYWORDS :Agaricus bisporus, Dry bubble disease, Lecanicillium fungicola, Mineral salts, Organic acids
Screening of Resistant Cluster Bean Germplasms/Varieties against Stem Rot Disease
Authors: SHARMA SHIPRA , KUMHAR DATARAM , CHOUDHARY ANAND , SINGH JASVEER , KUMHARI D. RASHMI AND SANTOSH
Published: January 2025

Clusterbean, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub., also known as Guar or Guwar, is a vital legume crop grown in arid and semi-arid regions in India. However, it faces challenges from phytopathogenic fungal and bacterial diseases, notably stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, leading to significant yield losses. The fungus has a broad host range, surviving as sclerotia on plant debris and thriving under warm and moist conditions. Among the forty germplasms/varieties, two germplasms/varieties were highly resistant against the stem rot disease of cluster beans, whereas 12 germplasms/varieties showed a resistant reaction. Fifteen germplasms/varieties were moderately resistant, eight showed moderately susceptible reactions, two were susceptible, and only one showed a highly susceptible response against the disease.. KEYWORDS :Cluster bean, Germplasms, Resistance, Stem rot, Susceptibility
Integrated Nutrient Management Approach for Modulating Growth Performance in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: SHARMA MANENDRA , SINGH DASHRATH BHATI AND SHAILESH KUMAR
Published: January 2025

Brinjal is a high-yielding and nutrient-hungry crop, so nutrient management is essential for commercial brinjal production. The present study was conducted by integrating inorganic fertilizers with Azotobacter chroococcum as an N-fixer and Aspergillus niger as a P-solubilizer. Further, zinc was provided as ZnSO4 (0.5%) and/or boron as borax (0.2%) through foliar spray. The study was conducted during 2020-21 and 2021-22, and pooled data were analyzed to test the efficacy of treatments. The observations recorded on various parameters revealed that the application of 75% of the recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) supplemented with Azotobacter as an N-fixer in combination with recommended doses of phosphorous and potassium and foliar spray of zinc as ZnSO4 (0.5%) and boron as borax (0.2%) resulted in highest average plant height (30.997, 63.767, 97.577, and 108.957 cm, respectively), per plant count of branches (4.242, 13.063, 22.227, and 29.750, respectively) and leaves (31.033, 54.433, 74.533, and 86.900, respectively). The chlorophyll content (64.490 mg/g), leaf area index (0.757), total plant biomass (3,719.52 g), and the average fruit weight (173.83 g/fruit) in brinjal were recorded. The best-integrated approach for brinjal cultivation was ascertained as (i) 75% RDN + 100% recommended dose of phosphorous (RDP) + 100% recommended dose of potassium (RDK) + N-fixer, and (ii) 75% RDN + 75% RDP + 100% RDK + N-fixer + P-solubilizer when applied in combination with foliar spray of zinc as ZnSO4 (0.5%), and boron as borax (0.2%).. KEYWORDS :Aspergillus, Azotobacter, Boron, Brinjal, Nutrient management, Zinc
Bioremediation of Thiamethoxam by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens in Combination with Biostimulants and Effect on Soil Enzymatic Activity
Authors: SRIDEVI T. , SWATHI P. , HIMABINDU J. PRADEEP AND V.
Published: January 2025

Thiamethoxam, a systemic novel insecticide, is a foliar and seed treatment formulation. However, studies on the potential microorganisms for its bioremediation are least explored. Similarly, the sublethal ill effects of thiamethoxam on native soil microflora have also not been studied. Hence, Pseudomonas fluorescens, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, was evaluated for its ability to bioremediate thiamethoxam, known for its relatively longer half-life in soil. Survivability of P. fluorescens was determined in the minimal salt and half-strength nutrient broth media contaminated with thiamethoxam in the range of 5-100 mg/L for 21 days, and maximum growth in terms of optical density was observed on 3rd day after inoculation at 10 mg/L (0.86-1.00 AU) in half-strength nutrient broth. The bacterium's ability to bioremediate thiamethoxam in the presence of biostimulants such as vermicompost and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) was evaluated through soil microcosms studies conducted under laboratory conditions for 21 days. Soil microcosms fortified with thiamethoxam at 10 mg/L were treated with P. fluorescens alone and in combination with vermicompost and VAM, and the half-life of thiamethoxam was calculated from residual concentration in soil extracts on 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21days. The results indicated that the combined application of VAM with P. fluorescens exhibited the shortest halflife of thiamethoxam (31.5 days) compared to natural attenuation (86.6 days). The impact of thiamethoxam on soil microbial activity was assessed by the enzymatic activity of acid/alkaline phosphatases, dehydrogenases, and β-D glucosidases in soil, and the results revealed the adverse effect of thiamethoxam on soil microflora with relatively lower measured values in contaminated soils for all the enzymes under the study compared to uncontaminated control.. KEYWORDS :Bioremediation, Biostimulants, Enzyme activity, PGPR, Pseudomonas, fluorescens, Thiamethoxam
Fundamentals of Fermatean Neutrosophic Soft Set with Application in Decision Making Problem
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Shafique Imrana , G¨unerhan Hatıra
Published: January 2025

The classical set theory based on crisp sets is not able to deal with uncertainties which is a common feature of various real-world problems. This problem is solved using modified forms of sets such as fuzzy sets, Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, soft sets and hypersoft sets and others along with their hybrids. In this paper, a modified hybrid of soft set named Fermatean Neutrosophic Soft set ($FrNSS$) is established. Basic entities of set theory including subsets, null set, universal set along with different operators are defined. With respect to these operators, the algebraic structures as monoid, semigroup and semiring are defined. Also, fermatean neutrosophic soft topological space and the cartesian product of fermatean neutrosophic soft sets and fermatean neutrosophic soft relation are defined to establish an application of this hybrid structure to decision-making problems.
Distance and similarity measures on interval-valued Q-neutrosophic soft environments and their applications
Authors: Al-Sharqi Faisal , Al-Quran Ashraf , Ujianita Romdhini Mamika , Md. Rodzi Zahari , Abd El- Wahed Khalifa Hamiden
Published: January 2025

Decision-making problems are characterized by many issues of uncertainty and hiddenness, and this requires identifying and developing the mathematical tools used to deal with them more accurately. For this purpose, in this work we will present an innovative mathematical concept called interval valued-Q-neutrosophic soft sets (IV-Q-NSSs) as a hyper fuzzy extension of some previous models. To clarify this concept further, we will provide some illustrative examples. After that, we discovered the distance and similarity measures on IV-Q-NSSs. We proposed several types of these measures and illustrated them with several numerical examples. Based on these measures, we created an innovative algorithm based on these procedures to solve one of the problems of daily life
GESTALTUNG DES AUSBİLDUNGSKONZEPTES “BEACHVOLLEYBALL – GET İNVOLVED” DER FÉDÉRATİON INTERNATİONALE DE VOLLEYBALL (FIVB) UND EİN AUSBLİCK ÜBER DEN TÜRKİSCHEN BEACHVOLLEYBALL
Authors: ABANOZ Hasan
Published: January 2025

GESTALTUNG DES AUSBİLDUNGSKONZEPTES “BEACHVOLLEYBALL – GET İNVOLVED” DER FÉDÉRATİON INTERNATİONALE DE VOLLEYBALL (FIVB) UND EİN AUSBLİCK ÜBER DEN TÜRKİSCHEN BEACHVOLLEYBALL
التنمية الاقتصادية في ليبيا
Authors: محمد الزرقاء سالم
Published: January 2025

عرفت ليبيا منذ استقلالها العديد من خطط التنمية والتخطيط الاقتصادي من أجل تحسين مستوى الاقتصاد الوطني للدولة منذ فترة مبكرة  فأول هذه الخطط كان تحت إشراف الأمم المتحدة سنة 1952-1958 قائمة على المساعدات والمعونات الخارجية، ولهذا السبب لم تنجح الدولة في تنفيذها بسبب قلة الموارد المالية، وفي أوائل الستينيات وبعد اكتشاف النفط وتصديره بكميات اقتصادية، تركزت الاستراتيجيات العامة للتنمية خلال 1963-1968 على أساس تحقيق أقصى معدل للنمو الاقتصادي،  وذلك من خلال خطة التنمية للسنوات الخمس  وهي الخطة التي كان لها دور في زيادة معدلات النمو للأنشطة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في البلاد، فأن أهمية هذه الدراسة تكمن في التعرف على بنود هذه الخطة الخمسية وتحليلها وإبراز التغيرات التي دفعت بعجلة التنمية الاقتصادية في ليبيا نحو خطوات متطورة ودور النفط في هذه التنمية، ومن خلال ذلك تهدف دراسة خطة التنمية الخمسية 1963-1968 الى التعرف على ميزانيات الدولة خلال فترة تنفيذ هذه الخطة وكذلك توزيعها على مخصصات التنمية الاقتصادية في البلاد، ومن خلال الدراسة توصلنا إلى أن أغلب المشاريع التي تم تنفيذها خلال هذه الخطة كانت تمر بمرحلة دراسة دقيقة من قبل لجان مختصه على مستوى وزارت الدولة تقوم فيها بجمع المعلومات اللازمة عن كل مشروع قبل البدء في تنفيذه وتحدد اهميتها وأثرها على تنمية البلاد الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، كما أن الحكومة الليبية حرصت على تنفيذ الخطة الخمسية 1963-1968 بكل السبل من أجل رفع مستوى معيشة الافراد وتحقيق الرفاهية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية فقد وصلت ليبيا خلال فترة تنفيذ هذه الخطة  إلى مرتبه متقدمة من ناحية أعلى معدل نمو اقتصادي  بين الدول النامية في العالم.
دراسة وثائقية للمصالح الأجنبية في ليبيا قبل الاستقلال وفق تقارير المخابرات السوفيتية – البريطانية – الفرنسية انموذجاً 1941-1951م
Authors: العكاري فتحي عطية
Published: January 2025

يستعرض البحث مرحلة من التاريخ المعاصر لليبيا، حيث تميزت بتضارب الآراء الدولية حول القضية الليبية بسبب اختلاف المصالح الاقتصادية والرغبة في استكشاف مناطق جيوسياسية جديدة وسط الخلافات البريطانية السوفيتية في حوض البحر المتوسط. وقد كانت بريطانيا هي الداعم الرئيس والأكثر تأثيراً في هذه القضية، استناداً إلى التحالفات المبكرة التي أحدثتها مع برقة. ومع ذلك، شهدت المرحلة الأولى من الدراسة تناقضاً في مصالحها مع الاتحاد السوفيتي، مما كان يهدد مصالحها، لكن التحالف الذي تجسد مع الولايات المتحدة أثناء رئاسة هاري ترومان ساعد على إبعاد الاتحاد السوفيتي عن القضية. من جهة أخرى، لم تلعب فرنسا دوراً بارزاً في المؤتمرات الدولية حول القضية الليبية في تلك الفترة، نظراً لموقعها كدولة استعمارية من الدرجة الثانية، رغم أن إرثها الاستعماري في فزان بقي محفوظاً حتى استعادت دورها العالمي. أما إيطاليا، فبعد التوقيع على معاهدة الصلح، استأنفت طموحاتها الاستعمارية في طرابلس وعملت على تنفيذ نشاط سياسي ودبلوماسي من أجل تحقيق العودة إلى المدينة.
السنوسية في القرن التاسع عشر من خلال الوثائق العثمانية
Authors: الجطلاوي محمد علي
Published: January 2025

يرتبط تاريخنا الحديث بالدولة العلية العثمانية حيث كانت أغلب بلداننا جزءا من جغرافيتها السياسية، وفي طرابلس الغرب تحديدا استمر العهد العثماني حوالي ثلاثمئة وستين سنة (1551-1912)، وفي القرن الآخیر من حكم الأتراك لهذه الإيالة/الولاية ظهرت السنوسية، وكان لواء بنغازي مركزا لها. احتوت وثائق العثمانيين على معلومات عن السنوسية ومؤسسها ومشائخها الآخرين، خصوصاً في في النصف الثاني من القرن التاسع عشر، وبناءً على ذلك يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة موضوع السنوسية من خلال مصدر مهم كالوثائق العثمانية التي يُسر اليوم أمكانية الحصول عليها من الأرشيف العثماني (BOA) بتركيا (T.C Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı)، وتكمن أهمية هذا البحث في المعلومات التي تتضمنها الوثائق حول السنوسيين ومحاولة معرفة صورة العثمانيين عن السنوسية كما وردت في مراسلاتهم وتقاريرهم الصادرة عنهم وبيان العلاقة بين الشيخ السنوسي والحكومة العثمانية من خلال استقراء مجموعة من وثائق بلغ عددها خمسون وثيقة أكثرها يستخدم للمرة الأولى، وتكشف الدراسة في أهم نتائجها أن السنوسية في القرن التاسع عشر كانت في نظر العثمانيين طريقة صوفية لها تأثير إيجابي بين الناس، وإمكانية الاستفادة منهم في كبح طبيعة التمرد عند الأهالي، وبسط الاستقرار في المناطق التي للجغبوب نفوذ ديني فيها، إضافة إلى أن السنوسية لا تقبل أن يستغلها الأوروبيون، وتوظيف ذلك في السياسة العثمانية تجاه النفوذ الاستعماري في أفريقيا، أما ما يخص ترك المهدي السنوسي للجغبوب في نهاية القرن التاسع عشر فإن الوثائق تجعلنا نعيد النظر في أسباب هذا الحدث الكبير.
The Hill Cipher For Arabic Letters By Rectangular Matrix Key
Authors: Omar Fatma , Soleman Fatema
Published: January 2025

Hill Cipher is one of the symmetric key algorithms in cryptography,  we discussed Encryption and decryption for the alphabet Arabic by Hill cipher encryption and descriptions using the invertible matrix as a key. In this study, we introduce a new method on the Hill Cipher for the alphabet Arabic using a rectangular matrix as a key.
Prediction of Bearing Capacity of Skirted Strip Footing Along Unsupported Slope Using Back Propagation Neural Network Approach
Authors: Benisa Muamar , Senussi Galal H. , Mohammed Ibrahim A , Emtaubel Saleh S. H.
Published: January 2025

Abstract
 In the past two decades, advancements in artificial intelligence have significantly benefited geotechnical research. Design engineers are primarily concerned with the bearing capacity of shallow foundations, which depends on factors like b/B, embedment depth (de), and ds/B. A back propagation artificial neural network was used to create a reliable model for predicting bearing capacity values under specific conditions. The model was validated with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.002697 mm/y. demonstrating its accuracy and reliability.
Número de sesiones kinesiológicas en el tratamiento de personas deportistas post sutura meniscal
Authors: Torres E. Mario A. , Cayuleo-Benítez Catalina , Dinamarca Rojas Vanessa , González Roa Rocky , Silva Orellana Francisca , Bobadilla Olivares Marcelo
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Meniscal suture is a surgical intervention that is performed from a meniscal injury, estimating that it is performed only in 21.8% of people with this diagnosis; due to the difficulties and complications that surgery brings is that kinesthetic rehabilitation is needed, to restore functionality to the user.
Objective: To analyze the recent scientific evidence on the different post-surgical intervention protocols in meniscal suture, to obtain the number of kinesiological sessions and to generate a guide of recommendations.
Methodology: In the present study, a systematic review was performed on recent literature using PUBMED, SCOPUS, WILEY, SPRINGER, EBSCO, OXFORD AND SCIENCEDIRECT databases, between the years 2018 to 2022.
Results: 122 scientific articles that met the exclusion-inclusion criteria were obtained. From a total of 53 scientific articles, 11 were selected to analyze the pain variable, only 1 of them was effective and included statistical analysis. In ROM, 54 papers show information, however, only 33 were effective. When evaluating proprioception, only 6 studies have information on this variable, not finding data to evaluate the effectiveness, for the gait variable only 13 were obtained and 5 of them are effective. Finally, in strength, 29 studies were analyzed and only 2 show evidence of effectiveness.
Conclusion: Based on the analysis of the literature, the postoperative kinesic intervention period is 16 to 24 weeks, of which at 16 weeks we found an average of 42 to 18 sessions and at 24 weeks it would be 42 to 18 sessions, however, this study is not conclusive due to the scarce information on the number of sessions, type of intervention, frequency, intensity, volume and effectiveness of the intervention.
Estilos de vida saludables y factores sociodemográficos en taekwondistas adolescentes colombianos
Authors: Ariza Viviescas Andrés Mauricio , Sáez Abello Guillermo Andrés , Duarte Toro William
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Lifestyle comprises the set of habits and customs that are influenced, modified, promoted, or limited by sociodemographic factors throughout life.
Objective: To determine the association of sociodemographic aspects with the lifestyle of adolescent Colombian taekwondo practitioners.
Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of (n=103) Colombian taekwondo athletes. The lifestyle was evaluated using the FANTASTIC questionnaire; sociodemographic data such as age, sex, place of residence, socioeconomic status, education level, and sports category were also collected.
Results: Both men and women show a similar distribution in lifestyles, with the majority in the "good job, you are on the right track" category (72.8%). Most athletes come from a low socioeconomic status, but there are no significant differences in lifestyles between socioeconomic strata. The distribution is uniform among cadets, juniors, and seniors, and most reside in urban areas, although there are no significant differences compared to athletes from rural areas. Most athletes are at the secondary education level, and chi-square values indicate no significant association between education level and lifestyle.
Conclusions: There is no significant association between lifestyle and variables such as sex, socioeconomic status, sports category, residence, or education level. This suggests a uniform distribution of lifestyles among these athletes, indicating that individual and environmental factors do not have a strong differentiating impact in this specific context.
El Papel de las Redes Sociales en la Promoción de los Esteroides Anabólicos.
Authors: Hernández Navas Jorge Andres , Therán Leon Juan Sebastian , Dulcey Sarmiento Luis Andrés , Gómez Ayala Jaime Alberto , Ochoa Castellanos Valentina
Published: January 2025

Social media has emerged as an engine of global influence, especially in areas related to health, fitness and body aesthetics. However, these platforms have worryingly facilitated the promotion and normalization of the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), which poses serious ethical, medical and social challenges.
Countermeasures Against Online Soccer Gambling Crimes By Surabaya Police
Authors: Anggara Pratama Naibaho Dawan , Muriman Setyabudi Chairul , Nita Surya
Published: January 2025

Gambling poses a significant threat to societal norms and can impede national progress on both material and spiritual fronts. Consequently, a rational approach is imperative in addressing this issue, which includes robust law enforcement policies and the prosecution of offenders. This research delves into the Surabaya City Police's efforts to combat online soccer gambling and seeks to analyze the modus operandi of suspects involved in such activities, as well as the challenges and obstacles encountered by the Cyber Unit III of the Surabaya City Police Criminal Investigation Unit. Employing a qualitative descriptive exploratory methodology, this study utilizes primary and secondary data gathered through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The findings of this research are anticipated to serve as a valuable resource for understanding the complexities of combating online gambling and to inform strategies for enhancing police effectiveness in responding to public reports of this illicit activity.
Teaching Methods of the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) Through Illustrative Drawings: The Hadith on "Hope and its Prolongation" as a Model
Authors: Obeidat Samah
Published: January 2025

The research aimed to explore the Prophetic teaching methods and their role in enhancing the educational process and improving learners' understanding. It began by outlining some of the Prophetic teaching methods, including but not limited to the method of dialogue and rational persuasion, storytelling, repetition, the use of analogies, encouraging learners to deduce answers themselves, and the method of discussion and questioning. It also addressed the process of teaching through illustrative drawings, linking it to the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) Hadith in Sahih Bukhari, under the chapter on Reqaq (softening of the heart) titled “On Hope and Its Length,” and connected it to technological advancements that integrate technology into the learning process—a requirement of the modern era.
The researcher employed the inductive method by tracing the Hadiths related to this topic and the analytical method to analyze the Prophetic narrations, focusing on the educational methods they entail and their impact on academic outcomes. The study aimed to highlight the pedagogical approaches used by the Prophet (peace be upon him) in explanation and clarification, particularly his use of illustrative drawings. It analyzed how the Prophet (peace be upon him) employed this method through the Hadith on "Hope and Its Length."
The research yielded several findings, the most notable being the diversity of the Prophetic teaching methods, which considered varying levels of intellect and understanding. Illustrative drawings were identified as highly effective in facilitating comprehension and conveying ideas. Additionally, the teacher’s role in selecting the most appropriate method to achieve desired outcomes was emphasized. The study concluded that Prophetic teaching methods are foundational for modern learning approaches.
The research also included a collection of Prophetic Hadiths explained using illustrative drawings to ensure comprehension and make concepts clearer to the learner.
Mathematics teachers' attitudes towards the professional standards for teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsulami Naif
Published: January 2025

The aim of the current research is to identify the attitudes of mathematics teachers towards the professional standards for teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to identify the significance of the differences between their attitudes according to the variables of gender, years of experience, and academic qualification. To achieve this goal, a questionnaire was prepared including the three main domains, and each domain includes general standards, from which a set of sub-standards emerges, in order to comply with the list of the professional standards. The research sample consisted of (58) male and female mathematics teachers, and the results of the research showed that the attitudes of mathematics teachers towards the professional standards were very high in the three main domains. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the attitudes of mathematics teachers according to the variables of gender, academic qualification, and years of experience.
Leadership Styles and their Relationship to Job Performance among Workers in the Non-Profit Sector in Hafar Al-Batin Governorate
Authors: Alanzi Faisal , Almutairi Shulaywih , Kaheel Rania
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to determine the relationship between leadership styles (democratic, autocratic, liberal) and job performance among workers in the non-profit sector in Hafar Al-Batin Governorate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and to measure the variables of the study, a questionnaire was used, which was distributed to a sample of (170) of workers in the non-profit sector, and the study reached a number of results, most notably: that the democratic style came in the first rank in terms of the degree of verification among the administrative leaders in the non-profit sector in Hafar Al-Batin Governorate, followed by the free style, then in the last rank was the autocratic style, and there is also There is a correlation between leadership style and the level of job performance in the non-profit sector. The study recommended the necessity of raising leadership skills and trying to develop them through training plans and programmes, due to the importance of leaders having sufficient awareness of leadership styles affecting performance.
ความต้องการศึกษาต่อหลักสูตรบริหารธุรกิจดุษฎีบัณฑิต วิทยาลัยนครราชสีมา
Authors: เอี๊ยบศิริเมธี ศิรินธร , บุญเจริญ สำราญ , โกวิทย์วิวัฒน์ ปริญญา , ภุชฌงค์ วิศาล
Published: January 2025

ภูมิหลังและวัตถุประสงค์: การอุดมศึกษาเป็นหัวใจสำคัญของการผลิตและพัฒนากําลังคนสร้างงานวิจัยและนวัตกรรมขั้นสูง เป็นแหล่งที่สร้างองค์ความรู้ เพื่อการพัฒนาประเทศ ซึ่งในการพัฒนาหลักสูตรใหม่ให้สอดคล้องกับเกณฑ์มาตรฐานอุดมศึกษา จะเป็นต้องคำนึงถึงความต้องการของผู้ต้องการศึกาต่อเป็นเหลัก เพื่อให้เพื่อให้ผู้ต้องการศึกษาต่อได้รับความรู้ ประสบการณ์จากการเรียนนำไปประยุกต์ใช้งานได้จริง รวมทั้งคณะที่จัดหลักการศึกษาในหลักสูตรปริญญาเอกสามารถนำทรัพยากรที่มีอยู่มาใช้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพและเกิดประโยชน์สูงสุดกับผู้ที่ต้องการศึกษาต่อ ดังนั้น ผู้วิจัยจึงสนใจที่จะศึกษาความต้องการศึกษาต่อหลักสูตรบริหารธุรกิจดุษฎีบัณฑิต วิทยาลัยนครราชสีมา เพื่อนำข้อมูลที่ได้มาวางแผนการพัฒนาหลักสูตรให้สอดคล้องกับความต้องการของผู้เรียนโดยงานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1. ศึกษาระดับความคิดเห็นของปัจจัยที่ผลต่อการตัดสินใจศึกษาต่อหลักสูตรบริหารธุรกิจดุษฎีบัณฑิต วิทยาลัยนครราชสีมา และ 2. ศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างปัจจัยที่ผลต่อการตัดสินใจศึกษาต่อหลักสูตรบริหารธุรกิจดุษฎีบัณฑิตกับความต้องการศึกษาต่อในหลักสูตรบริหารธุรกิจดุษฎีบัณฑิต วิทยาลัยนครราชสีมา
ระเบียบวิธีการวิจัย: การวิจัยครั้งนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการวิจัยครั้งนี้ได้แก่ ประชาชนที่อาศัยอยู่ในจังหวัดนครราชสีมา ที่สำเร็จการศึกษาระดับปริญญาโท และการเลือกตัวอย่างสุ่มแบบง่าย  จำนวน 400 ตัวอย่าง เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ แบบสอบถาม โดยแบ่งคำถามออกเป็น 3 ส่วน วิเคราะห์หาค่าทางสถิติ ประกอบด้วยค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และทดสอบความสัมพันธ์โดยใช้เพียร์สันไคสแควร์  และนำเสนอข้อมูลในรูปแบบตาราง ควบคู่กับการบรรยาย และสรุปผลของการวิจัย
ผลการวิจัย: ความคิดเห็นของปัจจัยที่ผลต่อการตัดสินใจศึกษาต่อหลักสูตรปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิตของสถาบันการศึกษาเอกชนในจังหวัดนครราชสีมา โดยภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก เมื่อพิจารณารายด้าน พบว่า ความคิดเห็นด้านความคาดหวังของผู้เรียน อยู่ในระดับมากที่สุด รองลงมาคือ ด้านสถานที่ตั้งของสถาบันการศึกษา ด้านช่องทางการประชาสัมพันธ์ของสถาบันเพื่อรับทราบการเปิดหลักสูตร ด้านคุณสมบัติอาจารย์ และ ด้านระยะเวลาในการเรียน ตามลำดับ และปัจจัยด้านความคาดหวังของผู้เรียน และสถานที่ตั้งของสถาบันการศึกษา มีความสัมพันธ์เชิงบวกกับการตัดสินใจศึกษาต่อหลักสูตรบริหารธุรกิจดุษฎีบัณฑิต วิทยาลัยนครราชสีมา
สรุปผล: ผลการวิจัยแสดงให้เห็นถึงแนวทางในการพัฒนาหลักสูตรบริหารธุรกิจดุษฎีบัณฑิตซึ่งควรคำนึงถึงความคาดหวังของผู้เรียนโดยเฉพาะหลักสูตรที่พัฒนาขึ้นจำเป็นต้องมีเนื้อหารายวิชาที่หลากหลายและผู้เรียนสามารถนำองค์ความรู้ที่ได้รับไปใช้ประโยชน์ได้ รวมทั้งสถานที่ตั้งของสถาบันการศึกษามีส่วนสำคัญต่อการตัดสินใจเข้าศึกษาต่อในหลักสูตร
อุปสรรคทางกฎหมายในการค้าไม้เศรษฐกิจภายในพื้นที่ปฏิรูปที่ดินเพื่อเกษตรกรรม
Authors: พ่วงสุวรรณ ศุภวิชญ์ , สายจันทร์ วนิดา , นารินทร์ ธนภัทร , สินแก้ว ภานุวัฒน์
Published: January 2025

ภูมิหลังและวัตถุประสงค์: ในพื้นที่ปฏิรูปที่ดินเพื่อเกษตรกรรม กฎหมายที่ควบคุมการค้าไม้รับประกันการจัดการป่าไม้อย่างยั่งยืนโดยไม่สนับสนุนการตัดไม้ทำลายป่าและส่งเสริมการอนุรักษ์สิ่งแวดล้อม พวกเขายังส่งเสริมเสถียรภาพทางเศรษฐกิจ ปกป้องสิทธิของเจ้าของที่ดิน และรักษาสมดุลระหว่างการผลิตไม้และการเกษตรเพื่อความอยู่ดีมีสุขทางนิเวศวิทยาและเศรษฐกิจในระยะยาว การวิจัยฉบับนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาการค้าไม้เศรษฐกิจภายในที่ดินที่ปฏิรูปเพื่อเกษตรกรรม และหาแนวทางในการแก้ไขกฎหมายที่เป็นอุปสรรคในการค้าไม้เศรษฐกิจในที่ดินดังกล่าว
ระเบียบวิธีการวิจัย: งานวิจัยฉบับนี้เป็นระเบียบวิธีการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ โดยศึกษาจากเอกสาร งานวิชาการอื่น ๆ รงมถึงเอกสารทางอิเล็กทรอนิกส์
ผลการวิจัย: ปัจจุบันมีการแก้ไขพระราชบัญญัติป่าไม้ พ.ศ. 2484 ในมาตรา 7 จากเดิมกำหนดให้ไม้เศรษฐกิจมีสถานะเป็นไม้หวงห้าม การจะครอบครอง ทำ ตัด แปรรูปไม้ จะต้องได้รับอนุญาตจากพนักงานเจ้าหน้าที่ ไม่ว่าไม้นั้นจะขึ้น ณ ที่ใดก็ตามในราชอาณาจักร หากฝ่าฝืนจะมีโทษทางอาญา แต่ในการแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมพระราชบัญญัติป่าไม้ พ.ศ. 2484 (ฉบับที่ 8) กำหนดเกี่ยวกับไม้หวงห้ามที่ขึ้นอยู่ในที่ดินที่มิใช่ป่า สามารถตัดไม้ยืนต้นได้โดยไม่ผิดกฎหมายในที่ดินกรรมสิทธิ์หรือสิทธิครอบครอง รวมถึงในที่ดินตามหนังสือแสดงสิทธิ์
สรุปผล: ผู้เขียนพบปัญหาว่าแม้กฎหมายฉบับใหม่จะอนุญาตให้เจ้าของที่ดินที่มีกรรมสิทธิ์หรือสิทธิครอบครองสามารถ ตัด ฟัน โค่น ฯลฯ ไม้ที่ขึ้นในที่ดินดังกล่าว แต่ในทางกลับกันที่ดินที่ได้รับอนุญาตให้ทำประโยชน์ตามประเภทหนังสือแสดงสิทธิ กฎหมายแก้ไขให้ต้องเป็นไม้ที่ปลูกขึ้นเท่านั้นจึงจะตัดได้ สังเกตว่าสองกรณีนี้แตกต่างกัน กล่าวคือ ที่ดินที่ได้รับอนุญาตให้ทำประโยชน์ตามประเภทหนังสือแสดงสิทธิ ไม่สามารถที่จะตัดไม้ที่ขึ้นเองตามธรรมชาติได้ ทั้ง ๆ ไม้เศรษฐกิจเหล่านี้ไม่ว่าจะขึ้นเองตามธรรมชาติ หรือมนุษย์ปลูกขึ้น ผลก็คือต้องการให้เกิดการส่งเสริมการค้าไม้เศรษฐกิจอยู่ดี ซึ่งขัดกับหลักการของการแก้ไขกฎหมายฉบับดังกล่าว งานวิจัยฉบับนี้จึงเสนอแนะให้มีการแก้ไข พระราชบัญญัติป่าไม่ พ.ศ. 2484 อีกครั้งให้ถูกต้องตามหลักการและหตุผล