bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ejemplaridad y retórica del silencio en el prólogo de las Novelas ejemplares
Authors: Martín Morán José Manuel
Published: February 2023

Para entender las implicaciones del «ejemplares» del título cervantino la crítica ha echado mano de la teoría aristotélica y agustiniana de la eutrapelia,  recordado el medieval enxemplum, consultado diccionarios coetáneos en busca de significados alternativos, distinguido el ejemplo-modelo cervantino de la moralina, proyectado el sentido del adjetivo sobre un fondo tridentino e incluso sopesado su coherencia en hipócritas posiciones vitales del autor. En este artículo se dialoga con la mencionada tradición cervantista, después de haber rastreado las huellas de la ejemplaridad en el texto, contrastando las propuestas de cada novela con el sistema formado por el conjunto de ellas –según consejo del propio Cervantes–, y después de haber relacionado la intención prologal del autor con las de los novellieri italianos y las de sus traductores españoles. El telón de fondo para la reflexión final en torno al discutido concepto será, como no podía ser menos, el que ofrece la preceptiva literaria del periodo.
The Impact of Intangible Assets on Market Value of Firms: Evidence from Pakistan’s Stock Exchange
Authors: Khan Suhrab , Iqbal Muhammad Mazhar
Published: February 2023

This study estimates the economic value of intangible assets (IAs) on the market values (MVs) of firms. The IAs play an important role in the future development and success of firms. A firm having more IAs and Research and Development (R&D) expenditures can be more innovative and competitive in the production of goods and service delivery. Therefore, this study finds the impacts of IAs on the MVs by taking a sample of 66 firms listed on Pakistan’s Stock Exchange (PSX) from the period 2007 to 2014. For empirical analysis, the conventional Fixed Effect, Random Effect and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) models are applied on annual data. The results depict that IAs have increased the MVs of firms in Pakistan. Moreover, leverage ratio and managerial efficiency have also increased the MVs while the expenditures on marketing and advertising have decreased the MVs of firms. This study suggests that firms’ managers can increase investment in the accumulation of IAs for maximization of the MVs. Moreover, the investors and other market participants should also look at the level of IAs before investing in stocks as well as other determinants, especially leverage and managerial efficiency. The value relevance of leverage has also been a worthy policy recommendation for Pakistani firms. So, there is a scope for increasing the debt ratio for the shareholders’ value maximization.
Impact of Remittances on Social Behavior towards Higher Education in District Poonch AJK
Authors: Ishtiaq Farrukh , Ajmair Muhammad
Published: February 2023

The primary objective of the study is to check the impact of remittances on enrollment, the performance of the students of higher education, and the attitude of the households. For this study, primary data were collected through a questionnaire. Randomly 75 migrants and 75 non-migrants were selected. The Binary Logistic model is used to check the impact of remittances on the enrollment of the students and the ordinary least square is used to check the impact of remittances on students' performance. The study concludes that remittances have a significant impact on the enrollment of the students and the impact of remittances on the performance of the students is not significant. Concerned authorities should focus on improving the performance of the students by providing different incentives through the higher education department of AJK.
Proposta didàctica: Obtenció de nanopartícules de plata a partir d'extracte de te verd
Authors: Costa Angels Olivella , Colom Juli , Fiol Santaló Núria
Published: February 2023

En els darrers temps ha adquirit gran importància la síntesi de nanopartícules metàl·liques a partird’extractes naturals fornint mètodes de preparació més respectuosos amb el medi ambient (l’anomenada“síntesi verda”). Molts extractes de plantes s’han emprat per obtenir nanopartícules principalment de plata ior. Aquest treball proposa la utilització de te verd com a extracte a partir del qual sintetitzar nanopartícules deplata. Tot i que la bibliografia esmenta ja la síntesi de nanopartícules de plata amb te, tractarem d’aprofundiren les condicions experimentals en què té lloc. La caracterització de les nanopartícules es farà mitjançant laseva absorbància en la regió del visible.Aquesta proposta didàctica està destinada a alumnes de 4t ESO o batxillerat. Per tal de fer un seguiment del’alumnat i una avaluació formativa de l’activitat es proposa que els alumnes facin un bloc explicatiu de cadaetapa de la proposta didàctica.
"Simplement, me vaig situar a 59,055 polzades d’ells" podria haver dit Dorothea Bate.
Authors: Vicens Xamena Damià
Published: February 2023

El Myotragus, el mamífer endèmic extint del Pliocè i Quaternari de les Gimnèsies (Menorca, Mallorca, Cabrera i Dragonera), es pot utilitzar com a nexe d’unió entre la Geologia i Biologia a 1r de batxillerat, encara que és pot utilitzar a qualsevol nivell educatiu. La seva descobridora, la naturalista gal·lesa Dorothea Bate, és un model de científica. Va ser la primera dona contractada pel Natural History Museum de Londres.
Proposta d’activitat indagatòria basada en les rutines de pensament: adaptació a cada cicle d’Educació Primària.
Authors: Almira-López Patricia , Valls Cristina
Published: February 2023

L’alfabetització científica és un dels reptes de l’educació, però també ho és el desenvolupament d’habilitats de pensament crític i resolució de problemes. Per donar resposta a aquestes necessitats és important planificar les activitats de ciències de manera que l’alumnat aprengui ciències fent ciències partintdel que ja sap i a través del procés indagatiu. Es presenta una activitat d’indagació adaptada als diferents nivells d’Educació Primària. D’aquesta manera, oferim una gradació del repte plantejat, del disseny experimental i de les rutines de pensament desplegades en consonància amb el cicle en què es troba l’alumnat. La proposta es desenvolupa al laboratori d’una escola i les diferents rutines i adaptacions per a cada ciclees duen a terme sense dificultats. La retroalimentació per part de l’alumnat, és positiva: en general, manifesten el seu gust per la proposta, comenten que no presenta una gran dificultat i comparteixen que es senten a gust, durant el seu desenvolupament. L'èxit de la proposta, es troba en la capacitat d’autonomia (experimentació i manipulació), d’autoregulació, d’autoconeixement i d’autocrítica (metacognició) i d’esperit crític (inferències sobre altres usos del pH) que han impregnat la resolució dels reptes plantejats en l’activitat.
Anàlisi de dades en projectes de ciències. Mesura de paràmetres per estudiar la qualitat de l'aire en la zona del voltant de l'escola.
Authors: Artigas Pursals Judit
Published: February 2023

Es presenta un treball fet amb alumnes de primer de Batxillerat dins de l’assignatura Reptes Científics. L’objectiu principal és recollir dades a partir de les quals es generaran conclusions. Els alumnes prenen consciència de la importància de la presa de dades fent varies mesures puntuals o bé monitoritzant les mesures durant un cert temps per calcular mitjanes i desviacions estàndards. L’anàlisi de les dades comença per avaluar si hi ha dades anòmales i tot seguit s’estudia si hi ha diferències significatives entre dades d’un mateix paràmetre obtingudes amb sensors diferents. S’avalua si hi ha correlació entre els paràmetres i s’elaboren mapes de gradients de colors per estudiar la qualitat de l’aire.
Guaitacargols: l’estudi de la biodiversitat de cargols terrestres a secundària
Authors: Castelltort Valls Alba , Batlles Fossas Albert , Boix Garcia-Cairó Greta , Castelltort Valls Núria , González De Vicente Esther , Olmeda Jato Montse
Published: February 2023

Guaitacargols és un projecte adreçat a centres d’educació secundària que proposa fer un estudi de la biodiversitat de cargols terrestres en espais propers als centres. La iniciativa és impulsada pel Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona (MCNB), afavoreix el treball en xarxa amb el personal docent participant i compta amb l’acompanyament expert de l’Associació Catalana de Malacologia (ACM). El projecte apropa l’alumnat a la metodologia científica a través d’un estudi de camp real i inclou la filosofia de la ciència ciutadana, tot posant en valor la participació democratitzada de la ciutadania en la construcció del coneixement científic. Arran de la formació i les eines aportades pel MCNB i l’ACM, els equips docents de l’Institut ca n’Oriac (Sabadell) i de I’Institut Moianès (Moià) han dissenyat seqüències educatives que desenvolupen competències i continguts científics a partir del context dels cargols terrestres. Les dades obtingudes amb el treball de camp i la seva posterior identificació han estat validades científicament.
A Review of the Round Pen Training Technique
Authors: Campbell Chloe
Published: February 2023

The round-pen training technique, popular among proponents of “natural horsemanship” is said to be effective and ethical because it uses equine ethology to induce desired behaviors. This review looks at what we know about ethology and illustrates the ways this technique is aversive to horses, and how it is based on a flawed understanding of horse behavior.
MENATA KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK YANG TEPAT AGAR TIDAK TERJADI GEJOLAK DI MASYARAKAT BILA DIUNDANGKAN
Authors: Santoso Bibit
Published: February 2023

Masalah penataan kebijakan publik agar dapat diterima masyarakat merupakan masalah yang cukup menarik perhatian contohnya telah terjadi kebijakan - kebijakan yang akhirnya didemo masyarakat seperti kenaikan BBM ,Reklamasi pantai,penggusuran hunian, dan lain-lain. Untuk itu diperlukanlangkah-langkah kongkrit mulai dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan kegiatan dan pengawasan serta melakukan survey ke lapangan dengan teliti dan jumlah yang mencukupi sehingga mendapatkan hasil yang akurat sebelum membuat kebijakan publik.

Untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah tersebut dalam kehidupan masyarakat, diperlukan partisipasi masyarakat yang berarti keikutsertaan masyarakat atau anggota masyarakat secara aktif dalam perumusan kebijakan publik. Hal itu dikarenakan masyarakat sendiri mengetahui dalam mengalami permasalahannya. Membuat kebijakan publik merupakan proses pembuatan keputusan untuk pengambilan keputusan atau pengambilan kebijakan dengan cara memilih dan menilai informasi yang ada untuk memecahkan masalah. Apabila masyarakat tidak aktif dalam perumusan kebijakan publik, kebijakan tersebut akan tidak sesuai dengan keinginan masyarakat.
KINERJA BURUK POLITISI DPR DAN CITRA BURUK INSTITUSI DPR
Authors: Efriza Efriza
Published: February 2023

Tulisan ini membahas kinerja politisi DPR pada era reformasi, hasil kerja DPR menurut masyarakat masih buruk, sehingga buruk pula citra DPR. Problem utama terletak pada perilaku partai politik itu sendiri yang cenderung pragmatis dibandingkan ideologis, partai lebih memilih menempuh jalan pintas dengan melakukan rekrutmen anggota instan dibanding kader dan dilakukan secara transaksional dan tertutup menjelang pemilihan umum. Sehingga besarnya kewenangan DPR tidak berbanding lurus dengan hasil kinerjanya dan buruknya komunikasi politik politisi DPR, akhirnya berdampak besar terhadap merosotnya citra partai politik dan lembaga DPR.
PENGENDALIAN LAJU PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK GUNA MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT (TELAAHAN TERHADAP ISU-ISU STRATEGIS DAN KEBIJAKAN DI BIDANG PENGENDALIAN PENDUDUK)
Authors: Sutedjo Eko Hadi
Published: February 2023

Isu-isu kependudukan terutama tentang laju pertumbuhan penduduk merupakan isu yang telah lama ada dan mendunia, yaitu sejak munculnya teori Malthus (abad 18) yang menyatakan bahwa pertumbuhan penduduk jauh lebih cepat dari penyediaan pangan. Akibatnya pada suatu saat akan terjadi perbedaan yang besar antara jumlah penduduk dan ketersediaan kebutuhan hidup (pangan). Adanya kaitan erat antara pertumbuhan penduduk yang cepat dengan sejumlah permasalahan sosial dan lingkungan menjadi persoalan kependudukan yang penting untuk dibicarakan sebagai sebuah isu global. Beberapa permasalahan tersebut adalah pencemaran lingkungan, perubahan iklim, pengrusakan hutan, urbanisasi, penurunan pendapatan, inflasi, pengangguran, perumahan, tingkat melek huruf, kelaparan, kekurangan air bersih, keterbatasan pelayanan kesehatan, energi dan sumber daya alam, dan konflik politik. Pertambahan jumlah penduduk tidak bisa dikatakan sebagai sebuah masalah, kecuali jika dihubungkan dengan variabel-variabel lain. Pengendalian laju pertumbuhan penduduk hanya dapat dilakukan oleh aktor utama yaitu pemerintah melalui berbagai kebijakan yang dikeluarkan di bidang kependudukan serta dukungan dari seluruh masyarakat dan dunia internasional. Oleh karena itu tulisan ini ditujukan untuk membahas berbagai isu-isu strategis tentang kependudukan dan kebijakan yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengendalikan laju pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia.
Simulation Method: A Breakthrough to Improve Understanding of Fiqih Materials
Authors: Pajar Sidik  , Nurmia Suhartini  , Mita Purnamasari  , Imam Tabroni
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the application of simulation methods in Fiqh Learning for students at MAN Purwakarta, which included the application of simulation methods in fiqh learning for students, the process of simulation methods carried out by teachers, effective simulation methods used by teachers, using qualitative methods. In analyzing the data, the researcher used qualitative analysis techniques with the process of reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. From the results of this study: That the application of the simulation method in learning fiqh to students at MAN Purwakarta is very effectively applied, because the application of the simulation method improves students' understanding and learning outcomes in fiqh learning. The simulation method is very effectively applied in fiqh learning, this is reflected in the attitude of students who are very enthusiastic about the application of simulation methods and the application of simulation methods in fiqh learning is more helpful for students in understanding the implementation of worship.
Comparative Analysis of the Financial Performance of Rambusaratu Village Before and During the 2018-2020 Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Muliana  , Novia Sandra Dewi
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of Rambusaratu Village before and during the 2018-2020 Covid-19 Pandemic using the independence ratio, effectiveness ratio, efficiency ratio, and growth ratio. This type of research is a quantitative descriptive research using secondary data in the form of reports on the realization of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDes) for Rambusaratu Village for 2018-2020. The data analysis technique in this study uses the formula for the independence ratio, the effectiveness ratio, the efficiency ratio, and the growth ratio. The results showed that the financial performance of Rambusaratu Village based on the independence ratio was high with an average ratio of 100%, because Rambusaratu Village did not depend on assistance from the provincial and district/city governments. Based on the effectiveness ratio, the financial performance is categorized as effective with an average ratio of 100%, because the realization of the budget is in accordance with the target to be achieved. From the efficiency ratio, it was found that financial performance was less efficient with an average ratio of 100%, this was because the Village had not been able to suppress the amount of the expenditure budget, and the growth ratio showed that finance had increased and decreased every year.
Divorce: Counseling Guidance for Students Affected in Parents Divorce
Authors: Susana  , Imam Tabroni
Published: February 2023

This study aims to find out the impact of parental divorce on the psychological development of students in the Madrasah Tsanawiyah Yakpi Kalijati Subang Regency. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The results obtained by researchers in the field are that there is an unfavorable impact on the development of students from a cognitive perspective. This side experiences a decrease in the level of critical thinking and analysis. Children tend to surrender and do not want to try analytical thinking processes to ask questions and find certain ideas. Affective. Depressed and emotional attitudes are often shown by students who are affected by divorce, they cannot accept that fact because they still need the love of both. Psychomotor, this aspect is often seen when the learning process takes place, blank stares and silence without language is a fact that psychomotor does not work optimally. For this reason, researchers hold intensive communication with these students with the intention of creating a progressive emotional relationship between educators and students.
Training the Honest Character of the Child at Home
Authors: Imam Tabroni  , Fitriani Nasihah
Published: February 2023

The weakening of honest character requires an increase in the intensity and quality of the implementation of character education in the formal and non-formal institutions. However, in reality, it is not only formal or non-formal institutions that are responsible for shaping the honest character of children, but the most dominant thing to shape the character of children is their families, especially parents. This study aims to provide an overview of how to train honest character in children at home. The research conducted is PAR-based, where the researcher directly participates in the actions carried out. Data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. Before the action was taken, there were several problems regarding the child's incompetence, such as not telling the truth, taking things that did not belong to him, not being entrusted with the task given, being reluctant to apologize after making a mistake, and not wanting to admit mistakes. Thus, action is needed to train children to have an honest character because honesty is the basic capital in life. Some of the actions taken to train honest character at home are through democratic types of parenting, providing teaching, setting an example, and giving positive appreciation to children. In addition, parents must have a high and consistent commitment to honest character training in children at home.
Efforts to Improve the Quality of Human Resources in Facing Global Competition in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0
Authors: Elli Sulistyaningsih
Published: February 2023

The role of human resources is affirmed in the outline of state policy that the essence of Indonesia's national development is to build a complete Indonesian nation and all Indonesian people. In addition, in the general pattern of long-term development II, it is also emphasized that the main goal of national development is to improve the quality of indonesian society and society. . In addition, in the general pattern of long-term development II, it is also emphasized that the main goal of national development is to improve the quality of indonesian society and society. Human resources are the driving force of the activities of a country, in which citizens are concerned that carrying out all state activities, such as political, economic and others.
The Effect of Government Investment and Private Investment on Job Opportunities and Unemployment in North Sumatra Province
Authors: Rika Damayanti  , Nova Bella Prastika  , Siti Kamariah
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine how big the influence of Government Investment and Private Investment on Job Opportunities and Unemployment in North Sumatra Province. The type of research conducted in this research is quantitative research, namely research methods that use quantitative descriptive. In analyzing the data, the path analysis method was used in measuring the magnitude of the effect shown by the route coefficient on each route chart from the causal relationship between the variables of private investment and government investment on employment opportunities and the consequences for unemployment. Path analysis is used to analyze the relationship between variables with the aim of identifying the direct and indirect effects of causal variables on an affected variable.
The Role of Family Social Control on Sexual Harassment Cases in Tanjungpinang City
Authors: Khoirun Nisa  , Nika Purnama Sari  , Joana Evelin
Published: February 2023

Articles 81 and 82 of Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak of sexual abuse against children are sentenced to a maximum of 15 years. Children are often victims of sexual abuse. The author this time discusses a case of sexual harassment that occurred in Sei Serai village, Kecamatan Bukit Bestari anjungpinang City on May 2, 2022. The harassment started with the owner of a stall in Sei Serai village, Kecamatan Bukit Bestari namely, with the initials Na. He is depicted showing his vitals to the victim, besides that the perpetrator also groped the victim. It didn't stop there, the victim was also invited to watch pornographic videos. The habit of perpetrators who often watch pornographic videos is very likely to increase their sex hormones. Total data in 2022 shows there are 243 cases, with this number showing an increase from the previous year's 174 cases. In addition, with the increasing number of sexual harassment in Tanjungpinang City, one of the underlying factors is low social control. According to Travis Hirci, there are four elements of social control, namely attachment, commitment, involvement and belief, the purpose of which is to regulate individuals or perpetrators so that they do not engage in deviant behavior such as sexual abuse of children.
Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2021 Concerning Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming for the Sleman Regional Government
Authors: Sahid Supriyanto  , Vicki Dwi Purnomo  , Syukron Abdul Kadir  , Benedictus Hestu Cipto Handoyo
Published: February 2023

Gender is a process for ensuring that women and men have access to and control over resources, obtain development benefits and make the same decisions at all stages of the development process and all government projects, programs and policies (Inpres 9/2000 concerning PUG in National Development). ). Gender equality in development policy is a significant indicator, because gender equality will strengthen a country's ability to develop, reduce poverty and govern effectively. The defense of women's rights began to take effect with the formation of WOMEN in DEVELOPMENT (WID) and is a solution to the problems of Third World women. However, after running for ten years, this program received strong criticism from feminist activists. Because it is considered as a propaganda tool for the First World Agenda to dominate Third World Countries. WID's main agenda is how to involve women in development activities. Because according to him the cause of backwardness of women is because they do not participate in development.
Analysis of District Reg. Magelang Number 6 of 2011 Concerning Health Service Charges at the Muntilan Regional General Hospital Reg. Magelang
Authors: Nur Zanis  , Vicki Dwi Purnomo  , Benedictus Hestu Cipto Handoyo  , Syukron Abdul Kadir
Published: February 2023

Regional regulations (perda) are a manifestation of the authority granted to regional governments in the context of implementing regional autonomy and co-administration tasks as well as accommodating special regional conditions and/or further elaboration of higher laws and regulations. What is the process of forming the Regional Regulation of Magelang Regency Number 6 of 2011 concerning Health Service Retribution at the Muntilan General Hospital, Kab. Magelang, whether it represents local wisdom or not. Local wisdom in foreign languages is often conceptualized as local wisdom (local wisdom), local knowledge (local knowledge) or local intelligence (Ideal genious). Local wisdom is the attitude, view, and ability of a community in managing its spiritual and physical environment, which gives the community resilience and power to grow in the area where the community is located. In other words, local wisdom is a creative answer to geographical-geopolitical, historical and situational situations.
ANALYSIS OF HIGH WAVE DURING HYDROLOGICAL EXTREME EVENT ON 10-15 DECEMBER 2021 WITH SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL IN SOUTHERN BULGARIA
Authors: Paralska Katia , Tsarev Petko , Stefanova Rositsa , Koshinchanov Georgy
Published: February 2023

Manual measurement of flow velocity and streamflow discharge during high waters is often impossible because of different factors: night events, harsh meteorological conditions, very high dangerous river velocities and levels or infrastructure destruction.
The purpose of this study is to determine maximums of river flow velocity and streamflow discharge with hydraulic engineering methods, as well to determine the modulus of runoff at some stations in the East Aegean River Basin in South Bulgaria for the period between 10 and 15 December 2021 characterized with heavy rain. At that time significant precipitations were observed in South Bulgaria as result of a large cyclone over the East Mediterranean area. As a result of these precipitations, the river water levels in the whole country have raise, but the most significant increases were observed in the rivers of the Rhodope Mountains: upper streams of Arda River, the rivers Varbitsa, Krumovitsa, Vacha, Shirokolashka, Chepelarska, etc. On Arda River a large pedestrian bridge altogether with the telemetric station for quantitative river flow monitoring were destroyed and engulfed by water.
We determined analytically the maximum streamflow discharge and water levels of Arda River at the village of Kitnitsa and of Vacha River at the station of Zabral. Computed data shows statistic probabilities of maximum streamflow discharge of about 20 year return period (5%). Hydrographs from stations for water levels in the upper or downstream of the river flow are used for revision and verification. We also use information about the calculated surface velocity with the LSPIV method and we show results computed with the coupled SURFEX-RAPID hydrological model.
A retrospective analysis is made using data on high waters that passed on 12th December 1991, during which similar water quantities were observed along Varbitsa River.
ANALYSIS OF HYDROLOGICAL DROUGHT INDICES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS AND RIVER BASIN SPECIFICS
Authors: Yordanova Anna , Ilcheva Irena , Bocheva Lilia , Malcheva Krastina , Lubenova Krasimira
Published: February 2023

The development of indicator systems for drought identification is part of the Drought Management Plans. The analysis of the correlation between the different indices is an essential part of the indicator systems. That research is part of a task related to the developed at NIMH system (http://hydro.bg) of drought indicators and the development of recommendations for their simultaneous use. For this purpose, the influence of climatic factors on the hydrological cycle components and the role of the characteristics of river basins has been studied. It is observed that a phase lag of the hydrological drought from the occurrence of meteorological drought is characteristic, because for the lack of precipitation is necessary more time to show itself in the hydrological system components. The lag depends on the river basin specifics - the size of the catchment, regulating volumes, aquifers, etc. As a first step, a transition from a regional assessment of meteorological drought to an assessment at basin level was made. As the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is calculated within the different catchments for a different number of points, the Zonal Statistics tool of QGIS was used and the SPI average values for each catchment for all months in the period 2014-2020 were derived. Based on this, the correlation between the Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) and SPI indices at different time steps (SRI3, SPI3; SRI6, SPI6, etc.) for the period 2014-2020 was estimated. The regularities of the drought process are studied, identifying both the correlation and the transition from meteorological to hydrological drought, as well as the expected phase shift of the hydrological drought over time. The results confirm the drought process relations and clearly identify: 1) the transition from meteorological to hydrological drought and 2) the expected phase lag of the hydrological drought over time. In general, short time steps, such as monthly and quarterly, are suitable for small catchments and unregulated watersheds, while longer time steps are more suitable for larger river basins with a complex hydrological cycle or regulated watersheds. The analysis of the correlation between the indices, taking into account the influence and the relationship between the various factors of the hydrological cycle, is a long process and the time scale should be chosen depending on the characteristics of the basin and the purpose for which the indicator is used.
FLASH FLOOD FORECASTING USING FLASH FLOOD GUIDANCE SYSTEM PRODUCTS
Authors: Yordanova Valeriya , Stoyanova Silviya , Balabanova Snezhanka , Koshinchanov Georgy , Stoyanova Vesela
Published: February 2023

Flash floods are defined as rapidly developing extreme events caused by heavy or excessive amounts of rainfall. Flash floods usually occur over a relatively small area within six hours or less of the extreme event with quite a rapid streamflow rise and fall.
Increased occurrence of flash flood events is expected due to climate change and increase in extreme precipitation events [1].
Flash flood forecasting is still a challenge for hydrologists and water professionals due to the complex nature of the event itself. Besides having sufficient background in hydrological and meteorological forecasting as well as information about local conditions yet an adequate approach for flash flood forecasting is needed.
The Flash Flood Guidance System (FFGS) is widely recognized for enhancing the capacity to issue timely and accurate flash flood warnings by providing hydrological and meteorological forecasters with real-time information and products. FFGS is based on global data as well as national hydrometeorological data and analyses.
In this paper the use of the Black Sea Middle East Flash Flood Guidance System (BSMEFFGS) products for flash flood forecasting by the hydrologists at the Hydrological Forecasting department at the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NIMH) in Bulgaria is presented.
An overview of the FFGS for Bulgaria with closer attention paid to the Flash Flood Guidance (FFG), Flash Flood Risk (FFR) and the Flash Flood Threat Products is introduced. Two case studies are also presented � a flash flood in the town of Shumen and another one in the area of the village of Popovitsa on September 28th 2015.
SOIL WATERLOGGING STRESS COMPENSATED BY ROOT SYSTEM ADAPTATION IN A POT EXPERIMENT WITH SWEET CORN ZEA MAYS VAR. SACCHARATE
Authors: Kalvans Andis , Kalvane Gunta
Published: February 2023

Soil waterlogging due to excess moisture resulting in hypoxic soil conditions can have detrimental effect on development of many dryland plants growing in locations with temporary water logged soils. Oxygen stress in hypoxic soils can lead to decrease root water uptake and transpiration compared to well aerated soil conditions. In turn reduction of transpiration have a positive effect on soil water budget facilitating the preservation of waterlogged state of the soil. We investigate this phenomenon in a greenhouse pot experiment using sweet corn Zea mays var. saccharate as a model species. After establishment seedlings were subject to a differentiated watering regime ranging for now watering to heavy overwatering resulting in soil waterlogging and flooding. It was observed that the elongation rate of maize seedlings decreased once soil was waterlogged. However soon after soil flooding the elongation reassumed coinciding with appearance of new adventitious roots taping the water layer above flooded soils surface. It is concluded the ability of root system adaptation to change in soil water regime determines the plant species success in sites with periodically waterlogged soils. The feedback between soil aeration status and water uptake can result in swinging between waterlogged and desiccated soil conditions, providing competitive advantages to different sets of species during dry-land and wet-land phases.
TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR WATER RESOURCES DETERMINATION IN ISKAR RIVER WATER BODIES
Authors: Ninov Plamen , Bojilova Elena
Published: February 2023

The main goal of presented study is a demonstration of technological approach to determine the water resources of surface water bodies, using a sparse hydrological monitoring network not covering many of them. Resource of the water body is a flow formed in the catchment area above the studied one including the additional inflow in the frame of the same water body. Practically the flow is changing in each sector of the water body but average annual resources are specified at the final section. The water resources for the river water bodies are determined using information from the monitoring network of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NIMH) for the Iskar River. The investigation is preceded by hydrological analysis of the information: the referent period, homogenous and suitable data set selection for statistical procedures reflecting the actual conditions in the surface water.
The transfer of information from observed river stretches to non-observed ones requires a special hydrological investigation and methodological decision. In the world practice there are two main methodological approaches for flow determination in the nonobserved river stretches - regionalization of characteristic flows depending on catchment characteristics and a balance method. The balance method requires a very big amount of information linked to the various water consumptions as: water supply, irrigation, power engineering, reservoir management and water accumulation very often missing or not reliable. That is the reason for the acceptance of regionalization of characteristic flows as a suitable approach for Bulgarian conditions based on the real and reliable measured data from the monitoring network in NIMH. In the case of water accumulation after dams, where practically the flow is interrupted, the water resource determination can be based only on the information from reservoir management authorities (if this information exists).
Iskar River has a biggest watershed in the Danube catchment area in Bulgaria, where the capital Sofia is located, with important economic significance and big anthropogenic impacts on the flow regime. In the study is used a GIS information for the water bodies delineation presented by the Ministry of Environment and Water.
ANALYSIS OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIFFERENT SOIL HORIZONS OF FOREST SOILS FROM THE TERRITORY OF VITOSHA NATURE PARK
Authors: Grigorova-Pesheva Bilyana , Hristov Biser , Petrova Kameliya
Published: February 2023

The status, abundance and diversity of soil microbial communities are one of the main basic indicators for the assessment and monitoring of forest ecosystems. In the context of the important role that microorganisms play in forest ecosystems, it is crucial to study and monitor their abundance in soil habitats. In order to supplement the knowledge about the soil microbial communities in the different soil horizons, we studied 16 soil profiles from the territory of Vitosha Nature Park. The soils from tested areas 1-8 are determined as Dystric Cambisols and the soils form tested areas 9-16 as Umbrisols. The main soil characteristics: pH, total nitrogen content, humus and organic carbon content have been studied using standard laboratory analyses. The total microbial number of the individual soil horizons have been established respectively for the Dystric Cambisols A and B horizons, for the Umbrisols A1 and A horizons. The Koch method was used. The percentage distribution of the main microbial groups: spore-forming and non-sporeforming microorganisms, actinomycetes and micromycetes have been determined. For all studied soils, a decrease in the total microflora with an increase in the depth of the soil profile was found. In Umbrisols this decrease is less compared to Dystric Cambisols. In both soil types, the results show a significant reduction in the group of micromycetes in the underlying soil horizon, regardless of soil type. In soils with higher acidity, a higher percentage of the micromycetes is observed, regardless of soil type and soil horizon. Higher values of the correlation coefficient were found when comparing the microbial abundance in the lower soil horizons with the humus content, compared to the upper soil horizons.
ECO-EFFICIENT COMBUSTION IN THE TOP-LIT UPDRAFT BIOMASS GASIFICATION PROCESS
Authors: Pavel Ioan , Radoi Radu , Matache Gabriela , Sovaiala Gheorghe , Popescu Ana-Maria
Published: February 2023

The article presents a solution for solving the problems of eco-efficient combustion of pelletized or chopped and dried agricultural and forest residual biomass, using the TopLit UpDraft (TLUD) gasification process. By using this solution, thermal energy is produced, and about 10�20% residual charcoal, not transformed into gas, called biochar, too. Biochar is a good amendment for agricultural soils and reduces the concentration of CO2 in the environment by capturing carbon in the soil for long periods. Biochar acts in the soil like a sponge that can absorb up to five times its own weight; it stores water and nutrients and allows microorganisms to settle inside its pores.
A bench for testing combustion in TLUD gasifiers, developed in is equipped with a data acquisition program, designed in LabView, with a user-friendly our laboratory, is presented; it graphical interface that displays all acquired parameters and the related graphs in real time for various operating modes and for various types of biomass.
The production temperature and the amount of air in the gasifier are the main factors that impinge on the physico-chemical properties of the biochar. The data acquired from two combustion tests carried out with a primary air / secondary air ratio of 1/3 and 1/2, respectively, are presented, from which it turns out that that gasification (in our case, gasification of pellets) with lower speed results in a larger amount of biochar, hence a more eco-efficient combustion, with significant benefits for the environment.
EXERGETIC ANALYSIS OF A VAPOR INJECTION COMPRESSION HEAT PUMP
Authors: Ionita Claudia , Dobrovicescu Alexandru , Dima Daniel
Published: February 2023

The paper presents an exergy analysis of a heat pump with a steam injection. Different refrigerants as R290, R152A and R1234yf are considered. Constructive schemes such as two-stage heat pumps or cascade couplings are known and used to reduce the temperature at the compressor discharge level, but the presence of two or more compressors increases the cost of the initial investment of the equipment. This paper presents the design of a steam injection heat pump that has the advantage of a simple construction and can be applied in a wide range.
For each apparatus, corresponding to its utility and operating field, the exergetic balance states the �product� and �fuel�. The work analyzes the conduct of the system at the variation of the operating and constructive parameters. The exergetic technique succeeds in pointing out for every dissipative zone the exergy destruction and losses.
INFLUENCE OF IMMOBILIZATION SUPPORT MATERIAL TYPE ON THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
Authors: Mikheeva Elza , Katraeva Inna , Kovalev Andrey , Litti Yuri
Published: February 2023

The process of anaerobic fermentation of organic waste makes it possible to produce not only methane, but also hydrogen, which, when mixed, form a high-energy mixture - biohythane. The efficiency of biohythane production in a two-stage anaerobic fermentation process depends on many factors, including organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). It is known that the addition of an immobilizing support materials to anaerobic bioreactors improves the stability of their operation and increases the biogas yield. An important aspect is the nature of the immobilizing support material, which can perform not only the immobilization function, but also have a stimulating effect on the anaerobic digestion. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate immobilizing support material for a fixed bed bioreactor can ensure high efficiency and successful operation of the fermentation system. The aim of the work was to select the most effective immobilizing support material for a fixed-bed methanogenic reactor in a two-stage anaerobic digestion of cheese whey to produce biohythane. Polyurethane bed material, carbon felt, Raschig ring-type ceramic bed material, as well as a mixture of carbon felt and ceramic bed material were used in the work. The highest methane production rates (MPR) were obtained for the reactor with carbon bed material as an immobilizing support materials (753.9 ml/(L d)) and for the reactor with a mixture of ceramic bed material and carbon felt (763.5 ml/(L d )). The highest concentration of methane in biogas (68.8%) was recorded in the methanogenic reactor with coal felt. The average concentration of hydrogen in the biogas of the acidogenic reactor when using polyurethane bed material was 41.04%.
INFLUENCE OF ALUMOSILICATE CONCENTRATE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BUILDING MATERIALS
Authors: Sulman M.G. , Chalov K.V. , Kosivtsov Yu.Yu. , Lugovoy Yu.V. , Petropavlovskaya V.B.
Published: February 2023

Ash and slag waste (ASW) is a finely dispersed mineral material resulting from the combustion of brown and hard coal at thermal power plants. The involvement of ash and slag waste in industrial circulation is one of the effective ways to solve the issue of energy and resource saving. Utilization of ash and slag waste in industrial production will provide a solution to the environmental problem of environmental pollution by industrial waste - technogenic fine dust and harmful effluents by gradually reducing the rate of increasing the area of ash dumps with their subsequent complete elimination.
In this work, the influence of ash and slag waste on the physical and mechanical characteristics of building mixtures was studied. Gypsum samples were made with the addition of aluminosilicate concentrate and compared with native ones. The strength indicators for the studied samples were determined, according to which the introduction of an aluminosilicate concentrate into the building composition increases the fracture strength by 10%. The method of differential scanning calorimetry was used to study thermal effects in the samples in order to establish phase changes. To assess the internal structure of building mixtures, the specific surface area and pore size distribution were determined by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption.
RECYCLING AND REUSE OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS, COMPONENT PRINCIPLES OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Authors: Sefu Stefan Mihai , Tudor Bogdan Alexandru , Dumitrescu Liliana , Baciu Ionela
Published: February 2023

In this article, the authors analyzed the importance of recycling and reusing components in hydraulic drive equipment in line with the principles of the circular economy. The circular economy is also based on the principle of 3R, Reduction, Reuse, Recycling and attempts are being made to implement this principle in all areas, in order to protect existing resources, which are limited. Unlike the economy of consumer goods where in time was used the principle of linear economy, where after manufacture and consumption the goods were disposed, in hydraulic drive principles were used and still used as reuse, repair, maintenance, factory. Due to the fact that hydraulic equipment is expensive to purchase new, and its maintenance is not cheap at all, market trends have always been to repair or reuse hydraulic components, to the detriment of their purchase by us. Practically, in this field of hydraulic drives, the beneficiaries turned themselves to these principles of the circular economy, without the need for them to be imposed by anyone, as has happened in other areas. The authors point out that in the field of hydraulic drives the importance of recycling and reuse has taken a significant place, so in this field it is much easier to successfully apply the principles of the circular economy, thus reducing raw material consumption and pressure on existing resources.
BULGARIAN CASE STUDIES IN IMPROVING URBAN AIR QUALITY
Authors: Naydenov Kliment
Published: February 2023

Air pollution is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality. The fact that more cities are now improving their air quality control system is good news, so when they take action to improve air quality, they set a goal accordingly. As air quality declines, the risk of stroke, heart disease, lung cancer and chronic and acute respiratory diseases, including asthma, increases in people who live in these cities. Ambient air pollution, which contains high concentrations of fine and fine particles, poses the highest environmental health risk, causing three million premature deaths worldwide each year. At the same time, people's awareness is rising, and air quality monitoring is being carried out in more cities. As air quality improves, global prevalence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases is declining.� Most sources of urban outdoor air pollution are wholly beyond the control of individuals, suggesting the need for action at the city level and by national and international policy makers to promote cleaner modes of transport, more efficient energy production and appropriate waste management. More than half of controlled cities located in high-income countries, and more than one-third of cities located in low- and middle-income countries reduced their air pollution levels by more than 5% within five years. The set of affordable and accessible policies includes measures such as reducing emissions from industrial chimneys, increasing the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, and prioritizing the development of rapid transit systems, increasing walking and developing bike path networks.
Air quality in Bulgaria raises serious concerns: measurements show that citizens across the country breathe air that is assessed as harmful to health. For example, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 is much higher than the values prescribed by the European Union and the World Health Organization (WHO) for health protection. The concentrations of PM2.5 in the urban areas of Bulgaria were the highest of all 28 EU member states as average values for a three-year period. For PM10, Bulgaria also leads among the countries with the highest pollution with an average daily concentration of 77 �g / m3 (the EU limit value is 50 �g / m3). According to the World Health Organization, 60% of the urban population of Bulgaria is exposed to dangerous (unhealthy) levels of dust particles (PM10).
Air pollution in the Republic of Bulgaria is a significant and difficult to solve environmental problem related to physiographic, social, economic and anthropological factors. Bringing the air quality in the country in line with the norms and goals set in Directive 2008/50 / EC, although difficult, is achievable. For the last 10 years our country has made significant progress in terms of controlled pollutants.