bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subtemporal Approach and Its Infratentorial Extension: Review and a Comparative Analysis of Different Techniques
Authors: Dziedzic Tomasz Andrzej , Abhinav Kumar , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C.
Published: January 2022

Introduction Surgical resection of lesions occupying the incisural space is challenging. In a comparative fashion, we aimed to describe the anatomy and surgical approaches to the tentorial incisura and to the rostral brainstem via the intradural subtemporal approach and its infratentorial extensions.

Methods Six fresh human head specimens (12 sides) were prepared for the microscopic dissection of the tentorial incisura using the intradural subtemporal approach and its infratentorial extensions. Endoscope was used to examine the anatomy of the region inadequately exposed with the microscope. Image-guided navigation was used to confirm bony structures visualized around the petrous apex.

Results Standard subtemporal approach provides surgical access to the supratentorial brainstem above the pontomesencephalic sulcus and to the lateral surface of the cerebral peduncle. The linear or triangular tentorial divisions can provide access to the infratentorial space below the pontomesencephalic sulcus. The triangular tentorial flap in comparison with the linear incision obstructs the exposure of anterior incisural space and of the prepontine cistern. Visualization of the brainstem below the trigeminal nerve can be achieved by the anterior petrosectomy.

Conclusion Infratentorial extension of the intradural subtemporal approach is technically demanding due to critical neurovascular structures and a relatively narrow corridor. In-depth anatomical knowledge is essential for the selection of the appropriate operative approach and safe surgical resections of lesions.
A Retrospective Analysis of Psychiatric Presurgical Evaluation of Children and Adolescents Evaluated for Epilepsy Surgery in a Comprehensive Epilepsy Care Unit of Mumbai
Authors: Sawant Neena S. , Singh Suraj S. , Mahajan Sachin , Ravat Sangeeta H.
Published: January 2022

Background Epilepsy being one of the most prevalent neurological diseases in children is associated with psychopathology and academic concerns. Epilepsy surgery is considered for refractory epilepsy at some centers in India and hence this study was undertaken to find out prevalence and type of psychopathology in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy before epilepsy surgery.

Methods All data were analyzed from the records of patients undergoing preepilepsy surgery protocol workup in comprehensive center of epilepsy care at a general municipal hospital in Mumbai. A record of 150 children and adolescents in the age group of 3 to 18 years over a period of 10 years was taken and all details of demographics, epilepsy, and psychopathology were recorded.

Results The mean age for our sample was 11.4 ± 3.4 years and a male preponderance was seen. Majority (80%) of the children were pursuing education. The duration of seizure disorder was approximately 4.41 + 2.36 years and complex partial seizures were seen commonly in 50% of the children. Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and video electroencephalography (VEEG) findings revealed right sided lateralization followed by left in majority of the patients. Psychopathology was seen in 70 (46%) patients with mental retardation, hyperkinetic disorders affecting attention and activity and oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified mental disorder due to underlying brain damage being the type of International Classification of Disease-10th Revision (ICD-10) disorders seen. Patients with psychopathology showed a left-sided predominance on their MRI and VEEG findings for laterality of the epileptogenic focus as compared with right side.

Conclusion Refractory seizures and associated psychopathology impact family life, friendships, and academics and worsen prognosis and quality of life. Screening for psychopathology in children with epilepsy would therefore lead to better outcomes especially prior to epilepsy surgery.
Effect of sleep and mood on academic performance—at interface of physiology, psychology, and education
Authors: Mehta Kosha J.
Published: January 2022

Academic achievement and cognitive functions are influenced by sleep and mood/emotion. In addition, several other factors affect learning. A coherent overview of the resultant interrelationships is essential but has not been presented till date. This unique and interdisciplinary review sits at the interface of physiology, psychology, and education. It compiles and critically examines the effects of sleep and mood on cognition and academic performance while including relevant conflicting observations. Moreover, it discusses the impact of several regulatory factors on learning, namely, age, gender, diet, hydration level, obesity, sex hormones, daytime nap, circadian rhythm, and genetics. Core physiological mechanisms that mediate the effects of these factors are described briefly and simplistically. The bidirectional relationship between sleep and mood is addressed. Contextual pictorial models that hypothesise learning on an emotion scale and emotion on a learning scale have been proposed. Essentially, convoluted associations between physiological and psychological factors, including sleep and mood that determine academic performance are recognised and affirmed. The emerged picture reveals far more complexity than perceived. It questions the currently adopted ‘one-size fits all’ approach in education and urges to envisage formulating bespoke strategies to optimise teaching-learning approaches while retaining uniformity in education. The information presented here can help improvise education strategies and provide better academic and pastoral support to students during their academic journey.
Layered thermoelectric materials: Structure, bonding, and performance mechanisms
Authors: Li Zhou , Xiao Chong , Xie Yi
Published: January 2022

The ever-increasing world-wide energy consumption and crisis of environmental pollution have aroused enthusiasm on developing high-efficiency and green-clean energy conversion technology. Thermoelectric materials enable an environmentally friendly conversion between heat and electricity, and therefore serve as an optimum candidate for solving the current dilemma and contribute to the carbon-neutral target. Among the thermoelectric family, layered materials have shared a great portion with impressive thermoelectric performance originating from their (quasi-)two-dimensional crystal structure with hierarchical bonding, i.e., strong intralayer and weak interlayer bonds. This structure and bonding feature is believed to be propitious to low lattice thermal conductivity, low-dimensional electrical features, and anisotropic electron and phonon transport behaviors, which offer great opportunity to disentangle the inter-coupled thermoelectric parameters. For those benefits, layered materials emerge endlessly in the field of thermoelectricity and have achieved extensive attention. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the field of layered thermoelectric materials. The structure and bonding peculiarities of layered thermoelectric materials are outlined. Then, following the classification of single-unit, quasi-double-unit, and double-unit layered thermoelectric materials, the crystal and bonding features in some typical layered thermoelectric materials are discussed, with focus on their current research interest and progresses. The possible mechanisms behind the performance optimization will be analyzed. Finally, some personal views on the prospect of this field, including chemical bond perspective and interlayer electronic transport enhancement are also presented.
A single experiment with variable low-pressure air flow through a packed bed leads to two methods for determining particle size
Authors: Lodge Keith B.
Published: January 2022

Two piston-in-cylinders, charged with air at ambient temperature and pressure, are moved from rest to a constant displacement rate in a syringe pump. The air is pumped to a packed column and an elevated steady state pressure, measured just upstream of the bed, is quickly attained. Upon stopping the pistons' motion, the pressure decays back to its ambient level. The growth and decay phases are described by material balances and the Blake–Kozeny laminar-flow model. The unknown parameters in solutions to the resulting first-order differential equations are determined by fitting the pressure–time data. For the growth phase, the fit leads to the determination of the initial system volume and the steady state pressure, whereas for the decay phase the fit gives a pseudo-time constant. This provides sufficient information to calculate the permeabilities and mean particle sizes—the Sauter mean diameters—for both phases. Packed columns of Aldrich Sand, sieve-size range 0.211–0.297 mm, and glass beads, nominal size 1 mm, give the following means: for Aldrich sand, 0.26 ± 0.02 and 0.27 ± 0.02 mm; for the glass beads, 1.11 ± 0.06 and 1.09 ± 0.06 mm, for the growth and decay phases, respectively. Analogous experiments with a capillary tube, internal diameter 0.485 ± 0.001 mm, give the following internal diameters: 0.492 ± 0.007 and 0.501 ± 0.007 mm for the growth and decay phases, respectively.
Thermodynamic controls on rates of iron oxide reduction by extracellular electron shuttles
Authors: Aeppli Meret , Giroud Sébastien , Vranic Sanja , Voegelin Andreas , Hofstetter Thomas B. , Sander Michael
Published: January 2022

Significance

Under anoxic conditions, various microorganisms couple the oxidation of organic carbon to the reduction of solid ferric iron oxide phases using extracellular electron shuttles (EES). Determining the contribution of this widespread terminal electron accepting process to total anaerobic respiration has proven challenging because of large variations in observed ferric iron reduction rates. This study demonstrates that rates of ferric iron oxide reduction by EES can be rationalized based on a unifying relationship that links rates to the thermodynamic driving force for the least favorable electron transfer from the EES to ferric iron. The relationship derived herein allows for a generalized and precise assessment of the contribution of EES-facilitated ferric iron oxide reduction to organic matter decomposition in anoxic environments.
“We” in the EU: (De) legitimizing power relations and status
Authors: Beciu Camelia , Lazăr Mirela
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes how the leaders and the candidates of the main parties in Romania built a European field of
power and subject positions in the context of the 2019 European elections. We adopt the premise that the (re) positioning of these
politicians towards the EU is part of their ongoing strategies of (de) legitimization. In this respect, the study focuses on how
they assign themselves a “European authority” in relation to audiences through their positioning as actors in the field. On the
basis of a mainly critically discursive methodological framework, we analyze a corpus consisting of electoral messages on
Facebook. The research reveals the ways in which the political actors build claims, representations and positionings about the EU
through naturalizing (a) symmetric relations, statuses, and symbolic power hierarchies.
Lower impact forces but greater burden for the musculoskeletal system in running shoes with greater cushioning stiffness
Authors: Malisoux Laurent , Gette Paul , Backes Anne , Delattre Nicolas , Theisen Daniel
Published: January 2022

In a recent randomised trial investigating running shoe cushioning, injury risk was greater in recreational runners who trained in the shoe version with greater cushioning stiffness (Stiff) compared to those using the Soft version. However, vertical impact peak force (VIPF) was lower in the Stiff version. To investigate further the mechanisms involved in the protective effect of greater cushioning, the present study used an intra‐subject design and analysed the differences in running kinematics and kinetics between the Stiff and Soft shoe versions on a subsample of 41 runners from the previous trial. Data were recorded in the two shoe conditions using an instrumented treadmill at 10 km.h−1. VIPF was confirmed to be lower in the Stiff version compared to the Soft version (1.39 ± 0.25 vs. 1.50 ± 0.25 BW, respectively; p = 0.009, d = 0.42), but not difference was observed in vertical loading rate (p = 0.255 and 0.897 for vertical average and instantaneous loading rate, respectively). Ankle eversion maximal velocity was not different (p = 0.099), but the Stiff version induced greater ankle negative work (−0.55 ± 0.09 vs. −0.52 ± 0.10 J.kg−1; p = 0.009, d = 0.32), maximal ankle negative power (−7.21 ± 1.90 vs. −6.96 ± 1.92 W.kg−1; p = 0.037, d = 0.13) and maximal hip extension moment (1.25 ± 0.32 vs.1.18 ± 0.30 N.m.kg−1; p = 0.009, d = 0.22). Our results suggest that the Stiff shoe version is related to increased mechanical burden for the musculoskeletal system, especially around the ankle joint.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03115437.
CD127 imprints functional heterogeneity to diversify monocyte responses in inflammatory diseases
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhang Yuan , Xiong Lei , Li Yuzhe , Zhang Yunliang , Zhao Jiuliang , Jiang Hui , Li Can , Liu Yunqi , Liu Xindong , Liu Haofei , Ping Yi-Fang , Zhang Qiangfeng Cliff , Zhang Zheng , Bian Xiu-Wu , Zhao Yan , Hu Xiaoyu
Published: January 2022

Inflammatory monocytes are key mediators of acute and chronic inflammation; yet, their functional diversity remains obscure. Single-cell transcriptome analyses of human inflammatory monocytes from COVID-19 and rheumatoid arthritis patients revealed a subset of cells positive for CD127, an IL-7 receptor subunit, and such positivity rendered otherwise inert monocytes responsive to IL-7. Active IL-7 signaling engaged epigenetically coupled, STAT5-coordinated transcriptional programs to restrain inflammatory gene expression, resulting in inverse correlation between CD127 expression and inflammatory phenotypes in a seemingly homogeneous monocyte population. In COVID-19 and rheumatoid arthritis, CD127 marked a subset of monocytes/macrophages that retained hypoinflammatory phenotypes within the highly inflammatory tissue environments. Furthermore, generation of an integrated expression atlas revealed unified features of human inflammatory monocytes across different diseases and different tissues, exemplified by those of the CD127high subset. Overall, we phenotypically and molecularly characterized CD127-imprinted functional heterogeneity of human inflammatory monocytes with direct relevance for inflammatory diseases.
A hybrid approach for the efficient computation of polycrystalline yield loci with the accuracy of the crystal plasticity finite element method
Authors: Biswas Abhishek , Kalidindi Surya R , Hartmaier Alexander
Published: January 2022

Direct experimental evaluation of the anisotropic yield locus (YL) of a given material, representing the zeros of the material’s yield function in the stress space, is arduous. It is much more practical to determine the YL by combining limited measurements of yield strengths with predictions from numerical models based on microstructural features such as the orientation distribution function (ODF; also referred to as the crystallographic texture). For the latter, several different strategies exist in the current literature. In this work, we develop and present a new hybrid method that combines the numerical efficiency and simplicity of the classical crystallographic yield locus (CYL) method with the accuracy of the computationally expensive crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). The development of our hybrid approach is presented in two steps. In the first step, we demonstrate for diverse crystallographic textures that the proposed hybrid method is in good agreement with the shape of the predicted YL estimated by either CPFEM or experiments, even for pronounced plastic anisotropy. It is shown that the calibration of only two parameters of the CYL method with only two yield stresses for different load cases obtained from either CPFEM simulations or experiments produces a reliable computation of the polycrystal YL for diverse crystallographic textures. The accuracy of the hybrid approach is evaluated using the results from the previously established CPFEM method for the computation of the entire YL and also experiments. In the second step, the point cloud data of stress tensors on the YL predicted by the calibrated CYL method are interpolated within the deviatoric stress space by cubic splines such that a smooth yield function can be constructed. Since the produced YL from the hybrid approach is presented as a smooth function, this formulation can potentially be used as an anisotropic yield function for the standard continuum plasticity methods commonly used in finite element analysis.
The magnetic field dependent displacement effect and its correction in reference and relative dosimetry
Authors: Tekin Tuba , Blum Isabel , Delfs Björn , Schönfeld Ann-Britt , Poppe Björn , Looe Hui Khee
Published: January 2022

Objective. This study investigates the perturbation correction factors of air-filled ionization chambers regarding their depth and magnetic field dependence. Focus has been placed on the displacement or gradient correction factor

P

gr

.

Additionally, the shift of the effective point of measurement

P

eff

that can be applied to account for the gradient effect has been compared between the cases with and without magnetic field. Approach. The perturbation correction factors have been simulated by stepwise modifications of the models of three ionization chambers (Farmer 30013, Semiflex 3D 31021 and PinPoint 3D 31022, all from PTW Freiburg). A 10 cm × 10 cm 6 MV photon beam perpendicular to the chamber’s axis was used. A 1.5 T magnetic field was aligned parallel to the chamber’s axis. The correction factors were determined between 0.4 and 20 cm depth. The shift of

P

eff

from the chamber’s reference point

P

ref

,

Δ

z

,

was determined by minimizing the variation of the ratio between dose-to-water

D

w

z

r

e

f

+

Δ

z

and the dose-to-air

D
¯

a

i

r

z

r

e

f

along the depth. Main Results. The perturbation correction factors with and without magnetic field are depth dependent in the build-up region but can be considered as constant beyond the depth of dose maximum. Additionally, the correction factors are modified by the magnetic field.

P

gr

at the reference depth is found to be larger in 1.5 T magnetic field than in the magnetic field free case, where an increase of up to 1% is observed for the largest chamber (Farmer 30013). The magnitude of

Δ

z

for all chambers decreases by 40% in a 1.5 T magnetic field with the sign of

Δ

z

remains negative. Significance. In reference dosimetry, the change of

P

gr

in a magnetic field can be corrected by applying the magnetic field correction factor

k

Q

msr

B

when the chamber is positioned with its

P

ref

at the depth of measurement. However, due to the depth dependence of the perturbation factors, it is more convenient to apply the

Δ

z

-shift during chamber positioning in relative dosimetry.
Two-telescope-based solar seeing profile measurement simulation
Authors: Wang Zi-Yue , Ren De-Qing , Saadetian Raffi
Published: January 2022

Measurements of the daytime seeing profile of the atmospheric turbulence are crucial for evaluating a solar astronomical site so that research on the profile of the atmospheric turbulence as a function of altitude

C
n
2

(

h
n

)

becomes more and more critical for performance estimation and optimization of future adaptive optics (AO) including the multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) systems. Recently, the S-DIMM+ method has been successfully used to measure daytime turbulence profiles above the New Solar Telescope (NST) on Big Bear Lake. However, such techniques are limited by the requirement of using a large solar telescope which is not realistic for a new potential astronomical site. Meanwhile, the A-MASP (advanced multiple-aperture seeing profiler) method is more portable and has been proved that can reliably retrieve the seeing profile up to 16 km with the Dunn Solar Telescope (DST) on the National Solar Observatory (Townson, Kellerer et al.). But the turbulence of the ground layer is calculated by combining A-MASP and S-DIMM+ (Solar Differential Image Motion Monitor+) due to the limitation of the two-individual-telescopes structure. To solve these problems, we introduce the two-telescope seeing profiler (TTSP) which consists of two portable individual telescopes. Numerical simulations have been conducted to evaluate the performance of TTSP. We find our TTSP can effectively retrieve seeing profiles of four turbulence layers with a relative error of less than 4% and is dependable for actual seeing measurement.
Preliminary analysis on the noise characteristics of MWISP data
Authors: Cai Jia-Jun , Yang Ji , Zheng Sheng , Yan Qing-Zeng , Zhang Shao-Bo , Zhou Xin , Feng Hao-Ran
Published: January 2022

Noise is a significant part within a millimeter-wave molecular line datacube. Analyzing the noise improves our understanding of noise characteristics, and further contributes to scientific discoveries. We measure the noise level of a single datacube from MWISP and perform statistical analyses. We identified major factors which increase the noise level of a single datacube, including bad channels, edge effects, baseline distortion and line contamination. Cleaning algorithms are applied to remove or reduce these noise components. As a result, we obtained the cleaned datacube in which noise follows a positively skewed normal distribution. We further analyzed the noise structure distribution of a 3D mosaicked datacube in the range

l
=

40

⋅
°

7

to

43

⋅
°

3

and

b
=
−

2
⋅
°

3

to

0
⋅
°

3

and found that noise in the final mosaicked datacube is mainly characterized by noise fluctuation among the cells.
Fabrication of large UV transmission blazed gratings for slitless spectral sky survey
Authors: Chen Zhi-Wen , Cai Mao-Qi , Qiu Ke-Qiang , Wang Ya-Nan , Chen Huo-Yao , Liu Zheng-Kun , Liu Ying , Hong Yi-Lin , Jiang Hai-Jiao , Hu Zhong-Wen
Published: January 2022

Slitless spectral sky survey is a critical direction of international astronomical research. Compared with ground-based sky survey, space-based sky survey can achieve full-band observation, and its imaging quality and resolution capability are restricted by the efficiency and size of dispersive elements. Transmission blazed gratings are often used as the dispersive elements in the UV band. Holographic interference lithography produces the photoresist mask of a grating, and the ion beam etching vertically transfers the pattern to the substrate to form the SiO2 mask of a grating. To reduce the effect of ion beam divergence on the uniformity of the groove shape, the grating mask is etched tilted by the ion beam passing through a narrow slit to obtain a blazed grating with consistent structural parameters. Moreover, two-dimensional scanning of the sample stage enables the etching of large-size samples. A UV transmission blazed grating with a linear density of 333 lines mm−1, a blazing angle of 11.8°, and a dimension of 99.2mm × 60.0mm × 6.0mm was successfully fabricated with an average diffraction efficiency of 66%, a PV diffraction wavefront of 0.169λ (λ = 632.8 nm) and low stray light.
Observational scalings testing modified gravity
Authors: Amekhyan Armine , Sargsyan Seda , Stepanian Arman
Published: January 2022

We consider different observational effects to test a modified gravity approach involving the cosmological constant in the common description of dark matter and dark energy.We obtain upper limits for the cosmological constant by studying the scaling relations for 12 nearby galaxy clusters, the radiated power from gravitational waves and the Tully-Fisher relation for super spiral galaxies. Our estimations reveal that, for all these cases, the upper limits for Λ are consistent with its actual value predicted by cosmological observations.
Charged stellar model with three layers
Authors: Lighuda Avirt S. , Sunzu Jefta M. , Maharaj Sunil D. , Mureithi Eunice W.
Published: January 2022

We establish new charged stellar models from the Einstein-Maxwell field equations for relativistic superdense objects
outfitted with three layers. The core layer is described by a linear equation of state (EoS) describing quark matter, while the intermediate layer is described by a Bose-Einstein condensate EoS for Bose-Einstein condensate matter and the envelope layers satisfying a quadratic EoS for the neutron fluid. We have specified a new choice of the electric field and one of the metric potentials. It is interesting to note that the choice of electric field in this model can be set to vanish and we can regain earlier neutral models. Plots generated depict that the matter variables, gravitational potentials and other physical conditions are consistent with astrophysical studies. The interior layers and exterior boundary are also matched.
Revisiting the X-ray emission of the asynchronous polar V1432 Aql
Authors: Wang Qi-Shan , Qian Sheng-Bang , Zhu Li-Ying
Published: January 2022

As the only eclipsing asynchronous polar, V1432 Aql provides an excellent laboratory to study the interaction between the accreted matter and the magnetic field. Here, we report an analysis of the X-ray data from the contemporaneous NuSTAR and Swift-XRT observations. The X-ray data present a profile with a low-intensity state for almost half an orbital period, a dip at 0.6 phase, and a peak at 0.75 phase, which suggests that there was only one accretion region during the observation and the claim is supported by the spectral analysis. The comparison with the previous data indicates that the X-ray data have an orbital modulation, as the case in BeppoSAX, rather than a spin one observed in ROSAT. We attribute the orbit and spin modulations to the different accretion geometries at work. The spectral analysis of the wide-band data presents a significant reflection effect, a commonly observed soft X-ray temperature, and the energy balance in V1432 Aql. Additionally, we obtained a low total accretion rate of 1.3 × 10−10
M
⊙ yr−1 and a high specific accretion rate of 3.8 g cm−2 s−1 which explains the strong reflection from the surface of the white dwarf. However, due to its complex emission, a more physical understanding of its accretion geometry is still outstanding.
Viscous holographic f(Q) cosmology with some versions of holographic dark energy with generalized cut-offs
Authors: Chakraborty Gargee , Chattopadhyay Surajit , Güdekli Ertan
Published: January 2022

The work reported in this paper demonstrates the cosmology of f(Q) gravity and the reconstruction of various associated parameters with different versions of holographic dark energy with generalized cut-offs, where Q = 6 H
2. The Universe is considered to be filled with viscous fluid characterized by a viscous pressure Π = – 3 H ξ, where

ξ
=

ξ
0

+

ξ
1

H
+

ξ
2

(

H
˙

+

H
2

)

and H is the Hubble parameter. Considering the power law form of expansion, we have derived the expression of f(Q) under a non-viscous holographic framework and it is then extended to viscous cosmological settings with extended generalized holographic Ricci dark energy. The forms of f(Q) for both the cases are found to be monotonically increasing functions of Q. In the viscous holographic framework, f(Q) is reconstructed as a function of cosmic time t and is found to stay at a positive level with Nojiri-Odintsov cut-off. In these cosmological settings, the slow roll parameters are computed and a scope of exit from inflation and quasi-exponential expansion are found to be available. Finally, it is observed that warm inflationary expansion can be obtained from this model.
New Massive Contact Twin Binary in a Radio-quiet H ii Region Associated with the M17 Complex
Authors: Yin Jia , Chen Zhiwei , Yao Yongqiang , Chen Jian , Li Bin , Jiang Zhibo
Published: January 2022

Early-B stars, much less energetic than O stars, may create an H ii region that appears as radio-quiet. We report the identification of new early-B stars associated with the radio-quiet H ii region G014.645–00.606 in the M17 complex. The radio-quiet H ii region G014.645–00.606 is adjacent to three radio-quiet WISE H ii region candidates. The ionizing sources of the radio-quiet H ii regions are expected to be later than B1V, given the sensitivity about 1–2 mJy of the MAGPIS 20 cm survey. The stars were first selected if their parallaxes of Gaia EDR3 match that of the 22 GHz H2O maser source within the same region. We used the color–magnitude diagram made from the Zwicky Transient Facility photometric catalog to select the candidates for massive stars because the intrinsic g − r colors of massive stars change little from B-type to O-type stars. Five stars lie in the areas of the color–magnitude diagram where either reddened massive stars or evolved post-main sequence stars of lower masses are commonly found. Three of the five stars, sources 1, 2, and 3, are located at the cavities of the three IR bubbles, and extended Hα emission is detected around the three IR bubbles. We suggest that sources 1, 2, and 3 are candidates for early-B stars associated with the radio-quiet region G014.645–00.606. Particularly, source 1 is an EW type eclipsing binary with a short period of 0.825 day, while source 2 is an EA type eclipsing binary with a short period of 0.919 day. The physical parameters of the two binary systems have been derived through the PHOEBE model. Source 1 is a twin binary of two stars with T
eff ≈ 23,500 K, and source 2 contains a hotter component (T
eff ≈ 20,100 K) and a cooler one (T
eff ≈ 15,500 K). The O − C values of source 1 show a trend of decline, implying that the period of the source is deceasing. Source 1 is likely a contact early-B twin binary, for which mass transfer might cause its orbit to shrink.
Spectral irradiance scale realization and uncertainty analysis based on a 14 mm diameter WC–C fixed point blackbody from 250 nm to 2500 nm
Authors: Dai Caihong , Wang Yanfei , Li Ling , Wu Zhifeng , Xie Yihang , Khlevnoy Boris , Grigoryeva Irina , He Shufang , Lin Yandong
Published: January 2022

Spectral irradiance scale in the wavelength range from 250 nm to 2500 nm was realized at National Institute of Metrology on the basis of a large area tungsten carbide–carbon (WC–C) high temperature fixed point blackbody, which is composed of a 14 mm diameter WC–C fixed point cell and a variable temperature blackbody BB3500MP as a furnace. A series of 1000 W FEL tungsten halogen lamps were used as transfer standards. The new spectral irradiance scale was compared with the scale based on a variable-temperature blackbody BB3500M, and the divergence between these two methods varied from −0.66% to 0.79% from 280 nm to 2100 nm. The measurement uncertainty of spectral irradiance scale based on fixed-point blackbody was analyzed, and the expanded uncertainty was estimated as 3.9% at 250 nm, 1.4% at 280 nm, 0.43% at 400 nm, 0.27% at 800 nm, 0.25% at 1000 nm, 0.62% at 1500 nm, 0.76% at 2000 nm, and 2.4% at 2500 nm respectively. In the range from 300 nm to 1000 nm the fixed-point scale was improved obviously: the uncertainty decreased by more than 25% compared to the uncertainty based on the variable temperature blackbody. Below 300 nm, the uncertainty became higher because the signal to noise ratio was poor. Above 1100 nm, the contribution of temperature measurement to the uncertainty of spectral irradiance decreases, therefore the uncertainties of two methods are almost at the same level. The fixed-point blackbody was also used to realize the correlated colour temperature and distribution temperature of a tungsten filament lamp, the deviation from the variable temperature blackbody method was −0.5 K and −2.9 K, respectively.
The effect of Soil properties on the Biological Diversity of Fungi in Soil University of Anbar.
Authors: Ali Wijdan Ahmed , Hussein Rahaf Haineed , Radef Wafaa Tali
Published: January 2022

Microorganisms are a varied collection of organisms that make up around 60% of the earth’s biomass. The ratio of fungal to plant species is estimated to be around 6 to 1. In order to extrapolate worldwide estimates of 1.5 million fungal species, this ratio is utilized. Because of the activity of soil organisms, soils are very complex systems with numerous components performing many roles. Soil microflora is essential for assessing soil conditions and encouraging plant development. Microorganisms are helpful in enhancing soil fertility because they participate in a variety of biochemical transformation and mineralization processes in soils. Organic matter in the soil that impacts the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil and serves as a complementary medium for biological processes and life support in the soil environment. Microbes have a very significant role in biodiversity. Organic matter in the soil that influences its physical, chemical, and biological properties and acts as a complimentary medium for biological activities and life support in the soil environment. Microbes play an important part in biodiversity. The study demonstrated the importance of pH and soil texture on the variety of soil fungus species. Three clones were grown on PDA at 28 C° (7 clays) as Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp.
Vortex heat transfer enhancement by energy-efficient structured plates with zigzag grooves for micro- and macro-scale energy and electronic devices
Authors: Isaev S A , Leontiev A I , Nikushchenko D V , Kong D , Chung K M , Sudakov A G
Published: January 2022

An energy-efficient flat surface is formed when applying single-row cross-flow zigzag grooves (VVVVVV) in a dense arrangement. Convective heat transfer is considered in turbulent flow around a longitudinal fragment of a plate with a length of 40 and a width of 4 with a package of 14 singlerow inclined backslash(\)-shaped grooves with symmetry conditions at the lateral boundaries. The width of the grooves is 1, the depth is 0.25, the edge rounding radius is 0.2, the angles of inclination are 30°, 45°, 50° and 60°, the pitch is 2.4, the Reynolds number is 104, and the thickness of the incoming boundary layer is 0.175. The phenomenon of anomalous enhancement of the separation flow and heat transfer in zigzag grooves and acceleration of the wall flow discovered in inclined oval-trench dimples has been confirmed.
Comparative analysis of characteristics of liquid fuel combustion for various designs of oil-steam burners
Authors: Anufriev I S , Kopyev E P
Published: January 2022

The paper presents a comparative analysis of experimental data on combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels in the presence of superheated steam in two designs of the developed burners. By the example of diesel fuel burnt in a spray burner it is shown that lower values of nitrogen oxide contents in the exhaust gases are achieved in comparison with an evaporative burner. At that, the content of carbon monoxide in some regimes is lower for the evaporative burner. The regimes with the minimum content of toxic combustion products are found for both designs of the burners.
Simulation of combustion of methane-air mixture in two-dimensional approximation
Authors: Moiseeva K M , Krainov A Yu
Published: January 2022

The paper presents a mathematical model and the results of a numerical study of the flame propagation of a methane-air mixture. The physical and mathematical formulation of the problem takes into account the thermal expansion of the gas and its subsequent movement. The problem was solved numerically using the Van Leer method to determine the fluxes at the boundaries of the computational cells. A study of flame propagation in a methane-air mixture with a methane content less than or equal to stoichiometric has been carried out. The conditions for focal ignition of a reactive mixture are determined. The influence of the channel walls on the features of flame propagation is shown. The necessity of taking into account the non-isobaricity of the combustion process at the initial stage is demonstrated.
Improving the maneuverability and thermal efficiency of modern cogeneration systems based on gas turbine power plants
Authors: Lisin E M , Kindra V O
Published: January 2022

The paper is devoted to the issue of increasing the maneuverability and efficiency of modern cogeneration systems based on gas turbine power plants. Promising solutions for increasing the maneuverability of GTU-CHPP by using heat accumulators and the formation of a preheating circuit of the network water are considered. It is shown that in the non-heating period, it is possible to increase both the thermal efficiency and the generated electric power by installing a heat exchanger in front of the compressor. The calculation results show that this provides an increase of 0.4% in the net electrical efficiency by and an increase 3.3% in the annual electricity generation.
Power units with full CO2 utilization
Authors: Milman O O
Published: January 2022

The forecasts for the development of renewable energy and conventional energy with fossil fuels have significant discrepancies in quantitative indicators, but agree on the need to reduce CO2 emissions. In this direction, a great number of developments are associated with hydrogen energy. Alternative proposals are cycles on methane-oxygen fuel with CO2 capture from the concentrated stream at the outlet of the condenser-separator: high-temperature gas-steam turbine unit of CJSC SPC «Turbocon», Allam, and JIHT RAS cycle. A 100 kW gas-steam turbine with an initial mixture temperature of up to 800° C has been developed and tested. To develop a method for calculating steam condensers from a mixture with CO2 (common to all three schemes), tests were carried out on a special stand; the heat transfer coefficient experimental data have been used to design a highly efficient steam condenser from a mixture with a converging flow path to maintain its high speed, a heat transfer coefficient of 2700 W/m2K was achieved. It is planned to create a prototype installation containing a steam boiler, a gas-steam turbine and a steam condenser with CO2 capture from the concentrated stream at the compressor outlet.
Permeability Prediction of Sandstones Based on Mercury Intrusion Method
Authors: Fu Hongyi
Published: January 2022

The use of the mercury intrusion method has been one of the most relevant trends in determining the permeability of porous media in the past decades. In this paper, general knowledge of sandstone reservoir evaluation is delineated including the pore distribution of sandstones and air permeability measurement. Based upon the paradigmatic study conducted by Purcell, a schematic diagram illustrating apparatus used in mercury intrusion is shown and introduced, and the relevant procedure is also outlined. Four significant permeability prediction models are described respectively and compared based on researches focusing on tight rocks. By doing so, this article reveals that the performance of the models is different despite the painstaking analysis and the significance of these studies. The contribution of this present study is providing a general reference of permeability prediction by mercury intrusion method as well as its previous momentous studies, giving a comparison among the given models.
Coupling Oil Increase by Coal Liquefaction Residue Pyrolysis and Coal Pyrolysis Depolymerization Based on Big Data
Authors: Tian Bo , Zhang Hao , Liu Jie , Liu Yibin , Yang Chaohe
Published: January 2022

With the continuous improvement of big data technology, my country’s coal liquefaction technology has also continued to mature, maintaining a stable industrial development. Traditional coal pyrolysis technology for tar production with the purpose of increasing tar production, such as coal hydropyrolysis, has problems such as high cost of pure hydrogen atmosphere and complex process and equipment operations, which severely restrict its industrial operation process. Based on this, this paper proposes a new technology of coal pyrolysis and depolymerization coupled with oil increase by using hydrogen precipitated by the condensation polymerization reaction at relatively high temperature under big data technology to study the effect of this process on coal pyrolysis for oil production. Experiments show that at 700°C, the tar yield reaches 21.5wt.%, which is 6% and 7% higher than the pyrolysis tar yield under the same conditions under hydrogen and nitrogen atmospheres. At 600°C, the methane aromatization reaction is relatively weak, and it can be seen that the tar yield is only slightly higher than that under hydrogen and nitrogen atmospheres. As the temperature of the methane anaerobic aromatization reaction increases, the equilibrium conversion rate increases accordingly. Therefore, as the reaction temperature increases, the tar yield also begins to increase.
The Dynamic Detection of Water Quality Monitoring and Pollution Prevention and Control
Authors: Zou Keke
Published: January 2022

With the development of society, the material living standard of our people has been significantly improved, but we sacrificed the environment in the course of development, which led to the current number of environmental problems in our country is particularly large, so that now we need to pick up the tone of protecting the environment, so now the overall tone of the country is to protect the environment, adhere to the green water green mountain is the basic strategy of Jinshan Yinshan, play a good pollution prevention and control of the three major battles, care for the environment, protect the environment. And in the environment water is the most important, it carries everything, the purpose of this paper is to study based on water quality monitoring and pollution prevention and control of dynamic detection technology. In order to conduct the experiment better, after consulting the literature on water quality monitoring and pollution prevention and control, and dynamic detection technology, we used a variety of algorithms to construct a corresponding dynamic detection technology system to monitor water quality and conduct real-time surveys of pollutants, and obtain relevant experimental data to complete the experiment. The experimental results show that the improved adaptive parameter DBSCAN clustering algorithm is better than the AdaBoost algorithm and the genetic algorithm, so we finally choose to build a dynamic detection technology system using the improved adaptive parameter DBSCAN clustering algorithm.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Enhanced Degradation of Methylene Blue by Trough Ultrasonic
Authors: Bi Yong-guang , Zheng Yu-hong , Tang Li , Guo Juan , Zhou Shao-Qi
Published: January 2022

Due to the complex quality and the large discharge of printing and dyeing wastewater, it will pollute the environment and affect human health. Therefore, how to use efficient and inexpensive treatment methods to treat printing and dyeing wastewater has become an urgent problem to be solved. At present, most printing and dyeing wastewater contains methylene blue pollutants. Based on the previous research in this article, the process conditions for the enhanced degradation of methylene blue by trough ultrasound are optimized. Orthogonal test results show that the optimal process parameter for the degradation of methylene blue by trough ultrasonic is pH 12.70, and the initial With a concentration of 10.00mg/L and an ultrasonic power of 200W, under the above optimal process conditions, the degradation rate of methylene blue is 77.95%; Ultrasound improves the rapid degradation of methylene blue through mechanisms such as cavitation, thermal and mechanical effects. This process can be used for the industrial degradation of methylene blue. The application provides a research basis.
Simulation Study on the Effect of Sponge Transformation in Old Neighborhoods Based on XP Drainage Model Construction
Authors: Zhang Ziru
Published: January 2022

To address the practical application of runoff reduction and control effects of sponge measures at the building plot scale, XP Drainage was applied to construct a hydrological-hydraulic model and systematically analyze the runoff reduction and control effects of three typical sponge measures, such as storage pond, recessed green space and permeable pavement, by setting up and simulating sponge modification scenarios [1]. The results show that the effect of flood peak reduction and control is recessed green area > storage pond > permeable pavement, the effect of runoff reduction and control is storage pond > recessed green area > permeable pavement, and the effect of various sponge measures on rainfall runoff reduction and delay is good for the recurrence period below 1 in 10 years, and when the rainfall recurrence period reaches 1 in 10 years and above, the proportion of runoff and flood peak reduction decreases to different degrees, and the effect of rainfall storage for high recurrence period is not The results of the study can provide important reference values for the transformation of sponge measures in Xi’an urban districts.
Moiré Physics of One-Dimensional Related Systems and Their Measurement
Authors: Zuo Jiaqi
Published: January 2022

Currently, the magic-angle graphene has given a tremendous boost to the study of unconventional superconductors. On the other hand, there were still limited experimental studies on superconductivity in one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotube systems. The study of experimental systems in demonstrating superconductivity was therefore scientifically important. In this review, we have shown strategies toward demonstrating the superconductivity for the single double-wall carbon nanotube (DWCNT). In general, there have been two directions to analyse superconducting properties of one-dimensional materials: (i) strong correlated states (ii) anomalous electron transport operations. We introduced the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy to describe the strong correlation. The theoretical foundations of moiré physics have also been described. Given all the methods, we concluded that the most intuitive way to demonstrate the superconductivity of single double-walled carbon nanotubes is the critical temperature. The sharp drop of the resistance could be directly observed, and the Tc could be obtained from the electrical transport data. In the last section, we also summarized the challenges that need to be addressed in future superconductivity studies of 1D carbon nanotubes.
High Temperature Continuous Gas Purification and Graphitization System and Process for Carbon Particulate Materials
Authors: Chen Qianhe
Published: January 2022

With the continuous development of modern science and technology, more and more new materials have been applied to production and life. As a new material, carbon granular material is made of carbon, graphite materials and other various raw materials with high carbon content through a series of processing technologies. China is one of the most widely used carbon materials in the world. The purpose of this paper is to optimize and enhance the application effect of carbon materials and promote the construction of a new economic model of energy conservation and emission reduction in China. The specific research is as follows: