bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Candida Sepsis and Reducing Several Morbidities in a Tertiary NICU in Greece After Changing Antibiotic, Ventilation, and Nutrition Protocols
Authors: Dermitzaki Niki , Atzemoglou Natalia , Giapros Vasileios , Baltogianni Maria , Rallis Dimitrios , Gouvias Theodoros , Serbis Anastasios , Drougia Aikaterini
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: In recent years, strategies for improving outcomes in preterm neonates have been implemented in various aspects of neonatal care. This study aims to determine the prevalence, microbiology, and outcomes of late-onset sepsis (LOS) and the incidence of other morbidities in very preterm neonates following the implementation of specific infection control, enteral feeding, and ventilation strategies. Methods: This study retrospectively compared the morbidity and mortality of preterm neonates with a 23–32 weeks gestational age over two periods, period A (2010–2014),and period B (2018–2022). A series of changes were introduced between these periods, including restrictive use of antibiotics, aggressive enteral feeding, and wider use of non-invasive ventilation modalities. Results: A total of 310 neonates were included: 163 in period A and 147 in period B. The mean duration of antibiotic treatment was reduced from 4 ± 2 to 2 ± 1 days and from 5 ± 2 to 3 ± 1 days for suspected early-onset sepsis and LOS, respectively, and from 11.2 ± 4 to 16 ± 4 days for confirmed LOS between the two study periods. The incidence of LOS was 24% and 18%, while, for multiple LOS episodes, it was 26% and 11% in periods A and B, respectively. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) duration and gestational age were independent predictors of LOS in both periods. The rate of Candida infections declined from 9.2% to 0.7%. The full enteral nutrition in period B was achieved after a median of 7.5 days compared with 10 days (p = 0.001), resulting in fewer days of TPN (p = 0.008). Episodes of feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis I (NEC I) were significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage were significantly decreased. Conclusions: After changing antibiotic, ventilation, and nutrition protocols, Candida infections were almost completely eliminated. The incidence of LOS and multiple LOS episodes decreased. Early full enteral nutrition was achieved without adverse effects, and fewer episodes of food intolerance were observed. Candida elimination appears feasible when antibiotic stewardship is implemented in conjunction with other interventions in an NICU.
Bactericidal Effect of a Novel Phage Endolysin Targeting Multi-Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Garcia Torres Sara , Henrich Dirk , Verboket Rene D. , Marzi Ingo , Hahne Gernot , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Göttig Stephan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Infections with antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens represent a major global threat to public health. Acinetobacter baumannii is a highly important nosocomial pathogen causing severe and life-threatening infections, like pneumonia, wound infections, or sepsis. It is often resistant even against last-resort antibiotics, such as carbapenems, and can persist in healthcare settings. Artilysin®s are a novel class of endolysins targeted against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methods: Antibacterial activity of Art-Top3 was determined by broth microdilution, in vitro assays and in the Galleria mellonella infection model. The toxicity of Art-Top3 on red blood cells, endothelial and epithelial cells was analyzed using the MTT assay. Results: Here, we report on a new Artilysin® Art-Top3 that is active against A. baumannii and led to a 105-fold reduction in viable A. baumannii after five minutes of exposure. Art-Top3 showed activity against A. baumannii biofilms in static and dynamic experimental infection models. Furthermore, upon infection with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii patient isolates, Art-Top3 was able to rescue human primary cells in vitro and larvae of Galleria mellonella in an in vivo infection model. Art-Top3 did not lyse human red blood cells and showed activity in human serum, indicating a low toxicity and high stability of Art-Top3 in vitro. Conclusion: Our findings collectively establish that Art-Top3 might be a candidate for novel therapeutic strategies of infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii pathogens.
(Poly)phenols and Multiple Sclerosis: Results from an Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Guglielmetti Monica , Ferraris Cinzia , Tagliabue Anna , Frias-Toral Evelyn , Tavazzi Eleonora , La Malfa Alessandro , Greco Giacomo , Bergamaschi Roberto , Zambrano-Villacres Raynier , Godos Justyna , Grosso Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

(Poly)phenols are a wide and heterogeneous class of substances with several potential health benefits. Their role in neuroprotection and cognition is still questionable. This study’s scope is to examine the possible association between total and individual (poly)phenol intake, major dietary sources, and the severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a cohort of MS patients. Participants’ demographics, physical activity, smoking, and dietary information were collected, alongside clinical parameters including the Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS), MS phenotype, and current therapy. A validated 110-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess participants’ habits. The (poly)phenol content of foods was estimated using the Phenol-Explorer database. Data from 106 participants were analyzed. A high intake of vegetables was associated with a 4.6-fold higher probability of mild MS (95% CI: 1.49, 14.28), whereas no association was found for other food and beverage sources. Hydroxycinnamic acids were significantly related to MSSS (OR: 6.55, 95% CI: 2.15, 19.92). Although coffee intake differed significantly between patients with mild and severe MS (90.5 ± 53.9 vs. 59.4 ± 40.8 mL/d, respectively), linear regression analysis did not confirm an association with MSSS. A higher intake of hydroxycinnamic acids and vegetables may impact MS severity. Coffee’s role remains unclear and needs to be further investigated.
Intelligent Reflective Surface-Assisted Visible Light Communication with Angle Diversity Receivers and RNN: Optimizing Non-Line-of-Sight Indoor Environments
Authors: Román Cañizares Milton , Azurdia-Meza Cesar , Palacios Játiva Pablo , Zabala-Blanco David , Sánchez Iván
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an innovative approach to improving visible light communication (VLC) systems in total shadowing conditions by integrating intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), angle diversity receivers (ADRs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Two ADR configurations (pyramidal and hemispherical) are evaluated, along with signal combination mechanisms: maximum ratio combining (MRC) and select best combining (SBC). The RNN is employed to dynamically optimize the IRS placement, maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the ADRs and enhancing overall system performance in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) scenarios. This study investigates the spatial distribution of SNRs in VLC systems using RNN-optimized IRSs, comparing the performance of different ADR configurations and signal combination methods. The results demonstrate significant improvements in received power and the SNR compared to non-optimized setups, showcasing the effectiveness of RNN-based optimization for robust signal reception. This article highlights the potential of machine learning in enhancing VLC technology, offering a practical solution for real-world indoor applications. The findings emphasize the importance of adaptive IRS placement and spur further exploration of advanced algorithms and ADR designs to address challenges in complex indoor environments.
Research on Welfare Robots: A Multifunctional Assistive Robot and Human–Machine System
Authors: Wang Shuoyu
Published: February 2025

Welfare refers to the state of happiness and well-being experienced by a person. Welfare robots can directly contribute to people’s happiness and well-being. Specific welfare robots include health promotion robots, rehabilitation robots, assistive robots, nursing care robots, etc. Welfare robots are used in human living spaces and exert actions on humans through force and information. Because industrial robots that handle objects prioritize high speed and efficiency, if their control methods were to be applied directly to welfare robots, the results would be unsatisfactory and extremely dangerous. This paper proposes a method for constructing a human–machine system for welfare robots that includes the estimation of the user’s work intention, a measurement of riding comfort, and motion generation. Furthermore, various types of welfare equipment for people with walking disabilities have been developed, but most of them have a single function. Equipping small homes with many single-function devices is difficult, and their use is complicated and not standardized. Therefore, in this study, we developed a multifunctional assistive robot that integrates mobility, transfer, work support, and training. It is a typical welfare robot and is effective in preventing a user’s minor disabilities from becoming more severe. In this paper, we discuss the research challenge points of human–machine welfare robot systems and their current situation using the multifunctional assistive robot as a typical example.
Development of Washing Machine Dehydration Unbalance Control Specifications Through Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Choi Cheolu , Kwon Yongwan , Kang Dongjoong , Kim Changseop , Jung Sabum
Published: February 2025

Optimizing control specifications to prevent unbalance during the dehydration process in washing machine development is a complex task that consumes significant time and resources. Traditional methods involve expert engineers conducting various experiments and data analyses to develop optimal control specifications. However, these approaches are time-consuming and struggle to optimize diverse performance factors simultaneously. Additionally, the quality of the results heavily depends on the engineers’ experience and capabilities, making it challenging to maintain consistent quality. To overcome these limitations, a new data-driven approach is proposed. This study proposes a methodology that uses Bayesian Optimization to predict the unbalance during the dehydration process and derive optimal control specifications to minimize it. Bayesian Optimization builds a predictive model based on collected data and uses an acquisition function for efficient exploration to find the optimal solution. Through this method, we automated the optimization of unbalance prevention control specifications. Applying the proposed methodology to an actual washing machine model achieved performance equivalent to that derived by expert engineers. Specifically, we succeeded in maintaining the maximum vibration during the dehydration process below the target level and reducing the time to reach high-speed rotation (RPM) ranges. The main contribution of this study is the rapid derivation of machine learning-based optimized control specifications with minimal human intervention and small-scale experiments by building a test automation system within the home appliance development process. This approach shortened the development period and improved quality consistency.
Lactic Acid Bacteria from Kiwi: Antifungal and Biofilm-Inhibitory Activities Against Candida albicans
Authors: Jin Xiangji , Zheng Qiwen , Nguyen Trang Thi Minh , Yang Su-Jin , Park Se-Jig , Yi Gyeong-Seon , Yi Tae-Hoo
Published: February 2025

Urogenital infections impact millions of individuals globally each year, with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) being one of the most prevalent conditions affecting women. Candida albicans is the primary pathogen responsible for VVC. The utilization of probiotics as an alternative therapeutic approach to antibiotics in managing such infections has gained increasing attention. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of THY-F51, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from kiwi, as a probiotic to support vaginal health through its antifungal, anti-biofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties against C. albicans. The identification of THY-F51 was confirmed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A series of evaluations were performed to determine its antifungal efficacy against C. albicans, biofilm-inhibitory activity, antioxidant properties, and effects on inflammatory cytokines. Cytotoxicity assays and assessments of bacterial survival under vaginal pH conditions (pH 3.8–4.5) were also conducted. The results demonstrated that THY-F51, identified as Leuconostoc citreum, exhibited potent antifungal activity against C. albicans, with an MIC of 1.25 mg/mL and an MFC of 2.5 mg/mL. Furthermore, THY-F51 displayed a strong inhibition of C. albicans biofilm formation, as well as notable antioxidant activity in the supernatant. Additionally, THY-F51 demonstrated high survival rates under vaginal pH conditions, an absence of cytotoxic effects, and a significant reduction in C. albicans adhesion to HeLa cells. Moreover, THY-F51 effectively suppressed C. albicans-induced inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. These findings suggest that THY-F51, isolated from kiwi, holds substantial promise as a safe and effective probiotic for reducing vaginal inflammation and promoting vaginal health.
An Analytical Model for the Steady-State Thermal Analysis of Façade-Integrated PV Modules Cooled by a Solar Chimney
Authors: Šućurović Marko , Klimenta Dardan , Andriukaitis Darius , Žilys Mindaugas , Sledevič Tomyslav , Tomović Milan
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a steady-state thermal model for the passive cooling of photovoltaic (PV) modules integrated into a vertical building façade by means of a solar chimney, including an empirical correlation for turbulent free convection from a vertical isothermal plate. The proposed analytical model estimates the air velocities at the inlet and at the outlet of the ventilation channel of such a cooling system and the average temperature of the façade-integrated PV modules. A configuration composed of a maximum of six vertically installed PV modules and one solar chimney is considered. The air velocities at the inlet and at the outlet of the ventilation channel obtained for the case of installing PV modules on the building façade are compared with those calculated for the case where the PV modules are integrated into the roof with a slope of 37°. By comparing each of the solutions with one PV module to the corresponding one with six PV modules, it was found that the increase in the air velocity due to the effects of the solar irradiance and the height difference between the two openings of the ventilation channel ranges between 41.05% in the case of “Roof” and 141.14% in the case of “Façade”. In addition, it was obtained that an increase in the solar chimney height of 1 m leads to a decrease in the average PV section temperature by 1.95–7.21% and 0.65–2.92% in the cases of “Roof” and “Façade”, respectively. Finally, the obtained results confirmed that the use of solar chimneys for passive cooling of façade-integrated PV modules is technically justified.
Fat-to-Muscle Ratio: Exploring Associations with Motor Competence and Physical Fitness in 7-Year-Old Children
Authors: Font-Lladó Raquel , López-Ros Víctor , Sinclair Graham , Vasileva Fidanka , Jódar-Portas Anna , Homs Judit , Prats-Puig Anna
Published: February 2025

This study aimed (1) to explore the association between body composition [fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR), waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI)] with motor competence (MC) and physical fitness (PFI) in 7-year-old children; (2) to ascertain whether FMR modifies the associations between MC and PF. A total of 164 children (7 yr) were included. Anthropometric (fat and muscle mass were calculated with TANITA), motor competence (CAMSA test) and physical fitness (1/2 mile run, handgrip strength, 10 × 5, standing long jump, and sit and reach tests) variables were collected. FMR, WC and BMI correlated negatively with MC (all between r ≤ −0.333 and −0.183 and p < 0.05) and PFI (all between r ≤ −0.410 and −0.246 and p < 0.05) in all children. However, the associations were stronger for FMR. In linear regressions analyses, only FMR was independently and negatively associated with MC and PFI, explaining 12.6% and 20.9% of its variance, respectively. Positive correlations between PFI and MC existed. Also, the association was not modified by FMR levels, since in both groups (above and below FMR median), the associations were maintained (p < 0.0001). However, the t-test showed that children with higher FMRs have lower levels of MC (p = 0.005) and PFI (p < 0.0001). FMR may be the best body composition parameter related to MC and PFI. Furthermore, the association between MC and PFI is not modulated by FMR but children with higher FMRs show lower levels of MC and PFI.
Purple-Colored Urine Induced by Cefiderocol: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Bou Sanayeh Elie , Itani Hadi , Moussa Elie , Glaser Allison
Published: February 2025

Background: Purple urine discoloration, known as purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS), has various etiologies ranging from benign to serious conditions. We present a case of cefiderocol-induced PUBS and review the literature. Methods: A 56-year-old bedridden patient developed purplish urine discoloration three days after initiating cefiderocol treatment for severe sepsis caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii/nosocomialis isolated from an infected sacral pressure ulcer. A comprehensive literature review of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed, with articles screened by two independent reviewers. Results: Our patient’s urine color cleared one day after cefiderocol discontinuation. Eight additional cases of cefiderocol-induced PUBS were identified in the literature. In all reported cases, urine discoloration resolved spontaneously within 1 to 3 days of cefiderocol cessation. Conclusions: Cefiderocol-induced PUBS is being increasingly recognized. While generally benign and self-limiting, it is crucial to exclude other potentially life-threatening diagnoses before attributing PUBS to cefiderocol.
Biofilm Resilience: Molecular Mechanisms Driving Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Contexts
Authors: Almatroudi Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Healthcare-associated infections pose a significant global health challenge, negatively impacting patient outcomes and burdening healthcare systems. A major contributing factor to healthcare-associated infections is the formation of biofilms, structured microbial communities encased in a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance matrix. Biofilms are critical in disease etiology and antibiotic resistance, complicating treatment and infection control efforts. Their inherent resistance mechanisms enable them to withstand antibiotic therapies, leading to recurrent infections and increased morbidity. This review explores the development of biofilms and their dual roles in health and disease. It highlights the structural and protective functions of the EPS matrix, which shields microbial populations from immune responses and antimicrobial agents. Key molecular mechanisms of biofilm resistance, including restricted antibiotic penetration, persister cell dormancy, and genetic adaptations, are identified as significant barriers to effective management. Biofilms are implicated in various clinical contexts, including chronic wounds, medical device-associated infections, oral health complications, and surgical site infections. Their prevalence in hospital environments exacerbates infection control challenges and underscores the urgent need for innovative preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review evaluates cutting-edge approaches such as DNase-mediated biofilm disruption, RNAIII-inhibiting peptides, DNABII proteins, bacteriophage therapies, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticle-based solutions, antimicrobial coatings, and antimicrobial lock therapies. It also examines critical challenges associated with biofilm-related healthcare-associated infections, including diagnostic difficulties, disinfectant resistance, and economic implications. This review emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach and underscores the importance of understanding biofilm dynamics, their role in disease pathogenesis, and the advancements in therapeutic strategies to combat biofilm-associated infections effectively in clinical settings. These insights aim to enhance treatment outcomes and reduce the burden of biofilm-related diseases.
Differential Expression of miR-223-3p and miR-26-5p According to Different Stages of Mastitis in Dairy Cows
Authors: Dall’Olio Eleonora , De Rensis Fabio , Martignani Eugenio , Miretti Silvia , Ala Ugo , Cavalli Valeria , Cipolat-Gotet Claudio , Andrani Melania , Baratta Mario , Saleri Roberta
Published: February 2025

Mastitis is the leading cause of economic losses in dairy farming, significantly impairing animal welfare and the quality and quantity of milk production. MicroRNAs are increasingly gaining attention, in both human and veterinary medicine, as biomarkers for various diseases. This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of four circulating microRNAs (miR-26-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-146a, and miR-223-3p) by examining changes in their expression in milk samples from dairy cows at different immune-cell subpopulations correlated to different stage of mastitis with a validated method. Additionally, this study has analyzed the possible source of these circulating microRNAs by the measurement of their secretion from activated immune cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils). miR-223-3p has been significantly expressed in an acute stage of mastitis (p < 0.01) but not in the chronic or susceptible stages. Conversely, mir-26-5p has been significantly reduced in acute, chronic, and susceptible groups of animals. In immune-cell cultures, miR-26 has been shown to be down-regulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neutrophils, while miR-223 has been shown to be up-regulated in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes. The differential expression of miR-223-3p and miR-26-5p, combined with differential and total somatic cell count, could serve as a useful tool for identifying the evolutionary stage of mastitis-related inflammatory pathology.
Early Ustekinumab Use Improves Clinical Outcomes in Biologic-Naive Crohn’s Disease Patients: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Yen-Cheng , Chuang Chiao-Hsiung , Huang Tien-Yu , Chung Chen-Shuan , Kuo Chia-Jung , Pan Yu-Bin , Le Puo-Hsien
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a progressive condition, and early treatment with infliximab combined with an immunosuppressant within six months has been shown to improve clinical outcomes. However, the impact of early ustekinumab (UST) use in biologic-naïve CD patients remains unclear. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the clinical outcomes of early UST intervention in such patients. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included biologic-naïve CD patients treated with UST, with a clinical follow-up period of at least six months from October 2020 to January 2024 across four medical centers. Patients who received UST within six months of CD diagnosis were categorized into the Early-UST group, while those who were initially treated with conventional therapies and subsequently received UST after six months were assigned to the control group. The primary endpoint was the improvement of clinical outcomes at six months. Results: A total of 60 biologic-naïve CD patients were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. At six months, the Early-UST group (n = 24) demonstrated significantly lower Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) scores (73.03 vs. 112.42, p = 0.038), lower Harvey–Bradshaw Index (HBI) scores (1.46 ± 1.69 vs. 2.72 ± 2.17, p = 0.020), higher rates of clinical remission (91.7% vs. 63.9%, p = 0.017), and higher rates of steroid-free clinical remission (79.2% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.031) compared to the control group (n = 36). At one year, the early-UST group continued to exhibit lower CDAI scores (39.94 vs. 91.48, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Initiating ustekinumab within six months of CD diagnosis is associated with improved clinical outcomes and enhanced quality of life in biologic-naïve Crohn’s disease patients.
Facile One-Pot Preparation of Self-Assembled Hyaluronate/Doxorubicin Nanoaggregates for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lim Yong Geun , Park Hyung Geun , Park Kyeongsoon
Published: February 2025

Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based delivery systems for doxorubicin (DOX) have been developed to selectively target cancer cells and enhance their therapeutic effects while reducing systemic side effects. However, conventional methods for preparing HA-based drug delivery systems are often limited by multistep synthetic processes, time-consuming purification, and the use of crosslinkers or surfactants, which can cause undesired toxicities. To resolve these issues, we developed a facile one-pot method to prepare self-assembled sodium hyaluronate/doxorubicin (HA/DOX) nanoaggregates by mixing HA and DOX. The self-assembled HA/DOX nanoaggregates were formed via cation–π interactions between the aromatic moiety of DOX and Na+ ions in HA as well as electrostatic interactions between HA and DOX. The optimized HA/DOX nanoaggregates with a [DOX]/[HA] molar ratio of 5 had an average particle size of approximately 250 nm and a sphere-like shape. In vitro studies revealed that HA/DOX nanoaggregates effectively targeted CD44-overexpressing cancer cells, selectively delivering DOX into the cell nuclei more efficiently than free DOX and resulting in enhanced cytotoxic effects. Annexin V and transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays confirmed that HA/DOX nanoaggregates induced apoptosis via DNA fragmentation more effectively than free DOX.
Recent Advances in SAW Sensors for Detection of Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Aleixandre Manuel , Horrillo Mari Carmen
Published: February 2025

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor technology is a promising approach to diagnosing cancer through the detection of cancer biomarkers due to its high sensitivity, potential label-free operation, and fast response times, and, fundamentally, because it is a non-invasive technique in comparison with the current traditional diagnostic techniques for cancer. This review focuses on this application, and for this purpose, the recent literature on cancer biomarkers detected by this advanced technology has been compiled, including that on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled breath and larger biomolecules such as proteins, DNA, and microRNAs in body fluids, which demonstrates its great versatility. The conventional techniques for cancer biomarker detection in biofluids, such as ELISA, PCR, SPR, and UV absorbance, exhibit limitations including high costs, slow response times, a reduced sensitivity, the need for specialized instrumentation, and the requirement for highly trained personnel. Different SAW sensor configurations are discussed with attention paid to their specific properties, wave propagation modes, and suitability for different environments. Detailed studies are reviewed, highlighting biomarkers for lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer diagnostics, as well as the detection of circulating tumor cells and cancerous cell growth. This review identifies current challenges, including optimizing sensitivity, addressing environmental interferences, and the need for clinical validation. Finally, future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the use of VOC biomarkers and the integration of SAW technology into hybrid systems and microfluidic platforms to enable the creation of scalable, non-invasive diagnostic tools for the detection of cancer in early stages, and, in this way, to minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.
Enhanced Sensitivity Mach–Zehnder Interferometer-Based Tapered-in-Tapered Fiber-Optic Biosensor for the Immunoassay of C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Xiao Lei , Chen Xinghong , Li Xuejin , Zhang Jinghan , Wang Yan , Li Dongqing , Hong Xueming , Shao Yonghong , Chen Yuzhi
Published: February 2025

A Mach–Zehnder interferometer-based tapered-in-tapered fiber-optic biosensor was introduced in this paper. By integrating a micro-tapered fiber into a single tapered fiber structure, the design enhances sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio, and resolution capability, while reducing the length of the sensing fiber. Through simulation analysis, it was found that the tapered-in-tapered fiber significantly improved the refractive index detection sensitivity by exciting a stronger evanescent field effect. The experimental comparison between the tapered-in-tapered fiber and traditional tapered fiber showed a 1.7-fold increase in sensitivity, reaching 3266.78 nm/RIU within the refractive index range of 1.3326 to 1.3414. Furthermore, to expand its application prospects in the biomedical field, glutaraldehyde cross-linking technology was used to immobilize C-reactive protein (CRP) antibodies on the surface of the tapered-in-tapered fiber, successfully creating a biosensing platform for the specific recognition of CRP. The experimental results demonstrate that this novel biosensor can rapidly and accurately detect CRP molecules at different concentrations with a detection limit of 0.278 μg/mL, and that it exhibits good selectivity and repeatability. This tapered-in-tapered fiber-optic biosensor provides new insights into the development of high-performance fiber-optic immunosensors and shows broad application potential in immunology research and early disease diagnosis.
Clinical and Radiological Outcome of Posterior Cervical Fusion Using Philips AlluraXper FD20 Angiography Suite
Authors: Dolp Armando , Khamis Abdussalam , Fandino Javier , Kienzler Jenny C.
Published: February 2025

Background: Posterior cervical fusion (PCF) is widely used for cervical spinal cord decompression with/without fusion. In our hybrid operating room, intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) is routinely used to verify screw placement. This study analyzed clinical and radiological outcomes after PCF and evaluated iCT benefits for detecting screw misplacement. Methods: Nineteen patients underwent PCF between March 2012 and April 2016 for degenerative (n = 6), neoplastic (n = 7), and traumatic (n = 6) conditions. Seven patients had primary PCF, while twelve underwent PCF following anterior fusion due to segmental instability with cervical malalignment (n = 11) or tumor progression (n = 1). Results: The mean patient age was 59 ± 11 years, with 63% male patients. The median follow-up was 21 months. PCF averaged 4.74 segments (range: 1–9). At follow-up, 79% reported pain improvement and normal sensorimotor function. Of six patients with preoperative paresis, five showed improved muscle strength. No persistent gait disturbances occurred. Complications requiring revision occurred in four patients (21%): three surgical site infections and one cerebrospinal fluid leak. One perioperative death occurred (5%). iCT detected incorrect screw placement in seven patients (36%), allowing the immediate repositioning of eight screws, preventing later revision surgeries. The overall fusion rate was 92%. Conclusions: PCF with iCT is safe and effective for various cervical spine pathologies, yielding good long-term clinical outcomes. iCT effectively detects and enables immediate correction of screw malposition, reducing revision surgery needs. This imaging modality demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for identifying clinically relevant screw malpositions.
Urban Sustainability Through Pavement Technologies: Reducing Urban Heat Islands with Cool Pavements
Authors: Amani Mohammad Javad , Tanzadeh Rashid , Moghadas Nejad Fereidoon , Kabiri Nasrabad Mohammad Mohsen , Chalabii Jafar , Movahedi Rad Majid
Published: February 2025

Urban development driven by population growth and technological advancements has intensified urban heat islands (UHIs), contributing to environmental damage and health risks. This study explores the potential of cool pavements as a critical strategy for mitigating UHIs, focusing on reflective, evaporative, and energy-storing technologies. Over 400 reputable scientific articles were reviewed to analyze UHI causes; measurement methods, including remote sensing and laboratory techniques; and the effectiveness of various pavement solutions. Reflective pavements demonstrated a capacity to lower surface temperatures by 5–20 °C depending on reflectivity changes, while evaporative pavements reduced temperatures by 5–35 °C based on type and design. Advanced energy-storing pavements not only achieved a 3–5 °C temperature reduction but also generated renewable energy. This research provides a comprehensive classification of pavement cooling systems and evaluates their quantitative and qualitative benefits, emphasizing the transformative role of cool pavements in enhancing urban sustainability and reducing UHI effects.
Exploring Safety Research Progress and Prospects for the Sustainable Development of Resilient Cities
Authors: Tong Bingrui , Liu Hui , Zhu Junjie , Wang Yuxuan , Mei Ting , Kou Mengyao
Published: February 2025

In the context of global climate change and accelerated urbanization, the construction of resilient and safe cities has become key to addressing both natural and human-made disasters. This literature review systematically analyzes relevant data from resilient city studies published in the SCIE and SSCI databases from 2000 to 2023, focusing on the risk and safety perspectives. Using bibliometric tools, the spatial–temporal distribution, collaboration networks, and knowledge foundations of the literature are examined, revealing the current state, core topics, and emerging trends in resilient city research. The findings indicate that contemporary research on resilient cities primarily focuses on disaster response, infrastructure resilience, community engagement, and the application of big data technologies, reflecting a trend toward interdisciplinary integration. This review not only provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for the academic community but also offers data-driven decision support for governments. The results highlight key directions for future research, contributing to the enhancement of urban resilience in managing complex risks and promoting sustainable urban development globally.
Stability Analysis and Support Optimization of Tunnel Surrounding Rock with Weak Interlayer Based on Catastrophe Theory
Authors: Zhang Tuo , Zhao Jinhai , Kuang Renfei , Li Chengyang
Published: February 2025

A tunnel excavation model with weak interlayers is established to analyze the effect of different angles and thicknesses on the displacement of the surrounding rock. Based on catastrophe theory, a stability criterion for surrounding rock displacement is derived, providing a theoretical framework for evaluating tunnel stability through numerical simulations. Finally, to minimize support construction costs, an optimization model is established by integrating the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and the Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network. The model is then validated through engineering projects. The results show that the deformation and stability of the surrounding rock are affected by the interlayer angle and thickness. As the angle increases, the maximum deformation of the surrounding rock gradually transitions from horizontal displacement to vertical displacement, while increased thickness amplifies deformation and concentrates it at the interlayer. The stability of the surrounding rock exhibits catastrophic characteristics, with instability often occurring in the middle and rear sections of the tunnel. Calculation costs are reduced by 88% using the PSO-RBF optimization model, and construction costs decreased by 34.96% after optimizing the support parameters. This study provides theoretical support for the stability analysis and construction optimization of tunnels with weak interlayers.
Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Head and Neck Cancer Subsites Among Elderly Patients: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Wierzbicka Małgorzata , Pietruszewska Wioletta , Maciejczyk Adam , Markowski Jarosław
Published: February 2025

The incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) has significantly increased over the past two decades. Material and methods: This study analyzed trends in HNC incidence and mortality using data from the Polish Cancer Register (1999–2021) across three age cohorts (60–69, 70–79, and 80+) and projected trends through to 2035. Statistical analyses included regression, correlation, and parallelism tests, with significance levels of α = 0.05 and Bonferroni correction applied (αc ≈ 0.017). Results: In the 60–69 cohort, incidence rates increased faster than mortality rates (p < 0.001), especially for oral and oropharyngeal cancers in women (p < 0.001). For the 70–79 cohort, mortality rates rose slower than incidence (p < 0.05), most notably for salivary gland cancers across genders and oral cavity cancers in women. In the 80+ group, both incidence and mortality increased (p < 0.05), but mortality rates rose faster for laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, and oral cancers in men and the general population (p < 0.017). The largest increases were observed in oral cancer among women, with a marked rise across all age groups (p < 0.001). Gender-specific patterns highlighted stable or modestly rising trends in males but a notable increase in females, particularly in the 80+ group. Conclusions: These findings underscore that older patients are not a homogeneous group in terms of HNC incidence and survival. This study emphasizes age- and gender-specific strategies for prevention and management. Expanding HPV vaccination and improving early detection are crucial, particularly for high-risk groups like older women and those with HPV-related cancers. Tailored approaches could mitigate rising trends and improve survival outcomes.
Correction: Xu et al. Hyaluronic Acid Interacting Molecules Mediated Crosstalk between Cancer Cells and Microenvironment from Primary Tumour to Distant Metastasis. Cancers 2024, 16, 1907
Authors: Xu Yali , Benedikt Johannes , Ye Lin
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
T-Cell Receptor Rearrangements in Early Stages of Mycosis Fungoides May Be Associated with Pronounced Copy Number Variations: A Prognostic Factor?
Authors: Hain Carsten , Cieslak Cassandra , Kalinowski Jörn , Stadler Rudolf
Published: February 2025

Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, poses significant diagnostic challenges due to its overlap with benign inflammatory skin diseases and the absence of specific symptoms. Accurate early diagnosis and stratification of patients by progression risk are essential for effective treatment. This study proposes a proof-of-concept for integrating T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality analysis with somatic mutation profiling to enhance diagnostic confidence and prognostic accuracy in early-stage MF. This study’s methodology comprised the analysis of nine patients with early MF (stages IA/IB) using whole-exome sequencing and TCR repertoire profiling. The analysis revealed the presence of clonal TCR rearrangements in seven patients, while somatic mutations were identified in two. A notable finding was a recurrent chromosome 7 trisomy in these two cases. The patients were stratified into three molecular profiles: (1) somatic mutations with clonal TCR rearrangement (n = 2), (2) clonal TCR rearrangement without somatic mutations (n = 4), and (3) neither somatic mutations nor clonal TCR rearrangement (n = 3). These findings emphasise the heterogeneity of MF and underscore the limitations of relying solely on TCR clonality or mutation burden for diagnosis. This study underscores the potential of somatic mutations as diagnostic markers to distinguish MF from benign conditions and as prognostic indicators for disease progression. A combined genetic approach may refine treatment decisions, particularly for patients with higher tumor cell fractions and pronounced genetic alterations. Despite the limited size of the cohort, the results advocate for larger, multi-center studies to validate these findings and integrate genetic analyses into routine MF management.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Metastatic Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Naemi Amin , Tashk Ashkan , Sorayaie Azar Amir , Samimi Tahereh , Tavassoli Ghanbar , Bagherzadeh Mohasefi Anita , Nasiri Khanshan Elaheh , Heshmat Najafabad Mehrdad , Tarighi Vafa , Wiil Uffe Kock , Bagherzadeh Mohasefi Jamshid , Pirnejad Habibollah , Niazkhani Zahra
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This systematic literature review examines the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of metastatic gastrointestinal cancers. Methods: The databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase (Ovid), and Google Scholar were searched for published articles in English from January 2010 to January 2022, focusing on AI models in metastatic gastrointestinal cancers. Results: forty-six studies were included in the final set of reviewed papers. The critical appraisal and data extraction followed the checklist for systematic reviews of prediction modeling studies. The risk of bias in the included papers was assessed using the prediction risk of bias assessment tool. Conclusions: AI techniques, including machine learning and deep learning models, have shown promise in improving diagnostic accuracy, predicting treatment outcomes, and identifying prognostic biomarkers. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, such as reliance on retrospective data, variability in imaging protocols, small sample sizes, and data preprocessing and model interpretability issues. These challenges limit the generalizability, clinical application, and integration of AI models.
Iron/Rhodium Bimetallic Lewis Acid/Transition Metal Relay Catalysis for Alkynylation/Cyclotrimerization Sequential Reactions Toward Isoindolinone Derivatives from N,O-Cyclic Acetals
Authors: Abdallahi Sidi Mohamed , Ewies Ewies Fawzy , El-Shazly Mohamed , Ould Elemine Brahim , Hadou Abderrahmane , Lawson Ata Martin , Daïch Adam , Othman Mohamed
Published: February 2025

A novel sequential one-pot bimetallic catalytic system combining Fe(III)-catalyzed alkynylation and a Rh(I)-catalyzed [2+2+2] reaction was successfully developed. The σ-Lewis acid properties of iron (III) and the π-Lewis acid properties of rhodium (I) catalysts were unified in an unprecedented intermolecular alkynylation/cyclotrimerization one-pot process. Using this unique Fe/Rh bimetallic relay catalytic system, a variety of benzo and pyrridinoisoindolinone derivatives were obtained under mild conditions from easily available N-(propargyl) hydroxy aminals, as the simplest N-acyliminium ion precursors, and several alkynes.
Catalytic OBSiC Open Cell Foams for Methane-Rich Gas Production Through Hydrogasification of Plastic Waste
Authors: Saraceno Emilia , Meloni Eugenio , Giaconia Alberto , Palma Vincenzo
Published: February 2025

The shift toward sustainable energy sources is essential to curb greenhouse gas emissions and satisfy energy demands. Among renewable options, carbon-based materials—such as agricultural residues and municipal solid waste—provide a dual advantage by generating energy and fuels while also reducing landfill waste. A notable innovation is transforming plastic waste into methane-rich streams via catalytic hydrogasification, a process in which carbon-based feedstocks interact with hydrogen using a selective catalyst. In this study, a structured catalyst was developed, characterized, and tested for converting plastic waste samples. The thermal degradation properties of plastic waste were first studied using thermogravimetric analysis. The catalyst was prepared using an Oxygen Bonded Silicon Carbide (OBSiC) open-cell foam as the carrier, coated with γ-Al2O3-based washcoat, CeO2, and Ni layers. It was characterized in terms of specific surface area, coating adhesion, pore distribution, acidity, and the strength of its active sites. Experimental tests revealed that a hydrogen-enriched atmosphere significantly enhances CH4 formation. Specifically, during catalytic hydrogasification, methane selectivity reached approximately 59%, compared to 6.7%, 13.7%, and 7.8% observed during pyrolysis, catalyzed pyrolysis, and non-catalyzed hydrogasification tests, respectively. This study presents a novel and effective approach for converting plastic waste using a structured catalyst, a method rarely explored in literature.
Neutralizing IL-15 Inhibits Tissue-Damaging Immune Response in Ex Vivo Cultured Untreated Celiac Intestinal Mucosa
Authors: Rotondi Aufiero Vera , Iacomino Giuseppe , De Chiara Giovanni , Picariello Errico , Iaquinto Gaetano , Troncone Riccardo , Mazzarella Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

In celiac disease (CeD), interleukin 15 (IL-15) affects the epithelial barrier by acting on intraepithelial lymphocytes, promoting interferon γ (IFN-γ) production and inducing strong cytotoxic activity as well as eliciting apoptotic death of enterocytes by the Fas/Fas ligand system. This study investigates the effects of a monoclonal antibody neutralizing the effects of IL-15 (aIL-15) on tissue-damaging immune response in untreated CeD patients by using an organ culture system. Jejunal biopsies from 10 untreated CeD patients were cultured ex vivo with or without aIL-15. Epithelial expressions of CD95/Fas, HLA-E and perforin were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was detected in the epithelium by using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Additionally, the surface epithelium compartment of ex vivo cultured biopsy samples was isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM). RNA from each LCM sample was extracted and the relative expression of IFN-γ was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR). Biopsies cultured with the aIL-15 antibody showed a reduction in Fas, HLA-E and perforin epithelial expression, as well as a decrease in epithelial TUNEL+ cells compared to biopsies cultured without the aIL-15 antibody. Moreover, downregulation of epithelial IFN-γ expression was recorded in biopsies incubated with aIL-15, compared to those cultured without aIL-15. Our findings suggest that neutralizing the effects of IL-15 in ex vivo cultured untreated CeD intestinal mucosa could block apoptosis by downregulating Fas and HLA-E expression and the release of cytotoxic proteins, such as perforin. Furthermore, it can dampen the hyperactive immune response by reducing IFN-γ expression. More generally, our study provides new evidence for the effects of anti-IL-15 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in preventing or repairing epithelial damage and further supports the concept that IL-15 is a meaningful therapeutic target in CeD, or inflammatory diseases associated with the upregulation of IL-15.