bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Breach of Contract in Terms of the UN Sales Convention and Emirates Law: A Comparative Legal Study
Authors: Fayyad Mahmoud
Published: March 2019

The UAE launched its National Vision 2021 in 2010, which ‘sets the key themes for the socio-economic development of the UAE’ and calls for ‘a shift to a diversified and knowledge-based economy’. It focuses on the UAE becoming the economic and commercial capital for more than two billion people by transitioning to a knowledge-based economy. The success of the vision requires the State to join the United National Convention of Trade in Goods, which is the most important convention in this field. Until now, the national lawmaker has refrained from joining the Convention, believing that the Convention prevails to the interests of the seller party. As fundamental breach is a momentous concept of the terms of the Convention, this article will attempt to draw similarities and distinctions between national law and the United Nations Convention for the International Sales of Goods (CISG) in terms of the principle of fundamental breach.
Non sum Oedipus, sed Morus
Authors: Bacchi Elisa
Published: March 2019

This article aims to investigate the representative strategies of Moriae Encomium by taking into account the link between Erasmus’ Moria and Thomas More’s portrait as it emerges both from the Encomium Moriae and from the Utopia. Specifically, I will focus on the crucial role of Erasmus’ concept of omnium horarum homo as an ethical and aesthetic model applied to the definition of More’s nature. This approach, which explores the intertextual construction of Morus-Moria’s identity, shall allow me to stress the relevance of the metaphor of mundane masking in Erasmus’ Encomium and More’s Utopia. By considering Erasmus and More’s paradoxical combination of Plato, Cicero and Lucian of Samosata, I will show how the image of the world theatre becomes the symbol of Erasmus’ philosophia civilior based on the rhetorical and moral idea of decorum.
A note on Contextual Blindness as extended to only
Authors: Pistoia-Reda Salvatore
Published: March 2019

This paper discusses the Contextual Blindness principle as extended to the exclusive operator only. It focuses on the interaction between only and alternatives derived from a special category of contextual orders, generally referred to as “rank orders”. It submits problematic evidence for the principle and argues that access to contextual information is required in the relevant cases. Its conclusion is that, as things stand, these cases constitute an obstacle to the semantic generalization of scalar reasoning involving only.
Interactions in the Text
Authors: Lovegrove Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

This paper uses a case study from 1970s girls’ magazine Honey to demonstrate how paying attention to reader contributions published in magazines can give a richer, more nuanced view of the relationship between magazine and reader. The case study, a debate on why women assume they will have children, offers a new understanding of the way that such interactions in the magazine contributed to the development of young women’s understanding of the increasing freedoms available to them in the 1970s.
Cody’s Books
Authors: Emblidge David
Published: March 2019

Cody’s Books, in Berkeley, California, had its roots during the mid-1950s in the left-wing sympathies of its founders, the husband–wife team of Fred and Patricia Cody. Serving the University of California nearby, the much admired bookstore became a hangout and haven for intellectually curious students and faculty. In the social protest movements of the 1960s, the store functioned as a refuge from street violence as students and police clashed outside. When long-term employee Andy Ross bought the shop upon the Codys’ retirement, it was a thriving business but soon ran into challenges from encroaching chain stores and the emergence of online shopping. Ross responded variously: sometimes with ambitious, effective bookselling tactics, sometimes with ineffective resentment towards consumers who had abandoned the store. Attempts to survive through risky refinancing and the infusion of foreign investment money to support expansion into San Francisco all backfired. The last Cody’s branch closed ignominiously in 2008.
Innovating through Design
Authors: Bigardi Alessandro
Published: March 2019

During the American hardcover revolution, in the 1980s and 1990s, Alfred A. Knopf established itself as the leading publishing house in book design. Founded in New York in 1915, Knopf has been the recipient of many literary prizes and in 1999 was awarded the American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA) Corporate Leadership Award, a prize that recognizes forward-thinking organizations that have been instrumental in the advancement of design by applying the highest standards. Knopf made a name for itself using quality in design along with quality in writing as a strategy for its long-lasting success. One of the main people responsible for this success has been the graphic designer Chip Kidd, one of the most renowed American book cover designers alive. Kidd started working at Knopf in 1986 and soon became the go-to designer for well-known writers such as Michael Crichton, Haruki Murakami, and James Ellroy. His work shows an intuitive understanding of the narrative and a unique and deep connection between text and paratext. Kidd stretches the visual boundaries between words and visuals, asking readers to bridge the gap between what they read and what they see. His covers leave the image open to interpretation; this deliberate lack of definition engages contemporary readers more than traditional covers do. This article illustrates, through the analysis of a selection of the most significant covers designed by Kidd, how his work at Knopf helped create a revolution and shape a new visual language in American book design.
Satirisch-elegisch-heroisches Erzählen von ‘Deß gwesten Pfaltzgrafen Glück vnd Unglück’
Authors: Seidel Robert
Published: March 2019

The year 1621 saw the anonymous publication of a text under the anagrammatically encoded title Querela Sufredi missa Vinoni, reflecting the defeat of the ‘Winterkönig’ and its far-reaching consequences in the medium of elegiac lament. The fictitious speaker is the militarily and politically isolated Elector Palatine Frederick v. who bitterly addresses the dissolving Protestant Union, allegorically represented as an unfaithful wife. The Latin text substantially and structurally combines elements of (love) elegy, heroic epistle, and verse satire. The article confronts this so far unknown piece of poetry with a prominent counterpart, a satirical heroic epistle by the jesuit Jacob Balde, and analyses it with respect to its specific religious and political tendencies.
Der Dreißigjährige Krieg aus der Sicht Revaler Gelehrten
Authors: Heero Aigi
Published: March 2019

The present article analyzes the depiction of the Thirty Years War in the texts by the scholars of the Reval (today Tallinn) gymnasium and focusses on the occasional poems of professors (e.g. Timotheus Polus, Reiner Brockmann, David Cunitz) composed in the 1630s as well as on the autobiography of the cantor David Gallus (probably written in the early 1650s). As a result, it will be shown that in the poems the war is regarded as a topos and the concrete events of war are represented on an abstract level. The autobiography of Gallus, on the other hand, describes the war from the distant perspective of a survivor and reflects how the war was felt and experienced by a “private” person.
Leon Allatios’ Entführung der Bibliotheca Palatina und weitere Selbstzeugnisse von Griechen über den Dreißigjährigen Krieg
Authors: Saracino Stefano
Published: March 2019

This article explores narrative sources, which were left behind in the early stage of the Thirty Years War by Greek-Orthodox migrants. The most impressive text of this kind, which heretofore has been explored by scholars for different scopes, but has not been interpreted as testimonial of the war, is the final report of the catholic convert Leon Allatios from Chios for his principals at the Roman court. Allatios in 1622/23 was commissioned to organize the deportation of the Bibliotheca Palatina. The article analyses how the mobility of Allatios and other Greeks was affected by the events of war. Furthermore it focuses on the narrative strategies used by such migrants in communicating their experiences in the Holy Roman Empire, and finally it reconstructs the practices and processes used by Allatios for the accomplishment of his mammoth task; for his testimony of the abduction of the famous library from Heidelberg represents an interesting topic for studies on the history of knowledge.
1667 – A Threshold Year? Debating the ‘Breakthrough of the Modern Age’ in Muscovite Russia
Authors: Troebst Stefan
Published: March 2019

In this article of 1995, which had been translated into Russian already in 2013, the German Historian Stefan Troebst studied the question of the « breakthrough of the modern age » in Russia, usually attributed to tsar Peter I « the Great », suspecting that the new Era had in fact begun earlier, in the XVIIth century. After a theoretical reflexion about periodization in history, and its application to the history of Russia, he demonstrates that the « threshold year » takes place in 1667, examining this theory from different points of view: state and institutions, international relations, economical policy, religion, culture and fine arts. But this modernization has also caused violent revolts and oppositions during the reign of tsar Alexis Mikhailovitch.
Prendre part au commerce vers l’Asie ? La route russe nordique de la soie (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: Demont Vincent
Published: March 2019

L’exploitation de nouvelles sources permet une recontextualisation des tentatives visant, au XVIIe siècle, à ouvrir une route de la soie russe, et principalement des projets de Frédéric III de Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. L’article montre que ces projets, en dépit de leur caractère chimérique, s’inscrivaient dans les réseaux du commerce nord-ouest-européen vers la Russie, mais aussi qu’ils jouaient un rôle dans les évolutions de ceux-ci. Cela souligne la pertinence d’ambitions commerciales extra-européennes comme objet d’histoire européenne.
La Russie et l’Europe. Une histoire d’intégration régionale sur le temps long
Authors: Richard Yann
Published: March 2019

La Russie participe à la régionalisation du monde et à l’intégration régionale en Europe. Pendant des siècles, elle a construit une réalité territoriale impé-riale, tout en entretenant des relations fortes avec l’Europe. Dans cet article, on montre que la problématique de l’intégration régionale appliquée à la Russie renvoie ainsi à deux espaces de référence – l’Europe et l’empire – qui renvoient eux-mêmes à problématiques différentes. On montre égale-ment que l’histoire et la géographie, à l’instar d’autres disciplines, permet-tent d’explorer ces problématiques.
Valency and Transitivity in a Contact Variety: The Evidence from Cameroon Pidgin English
Authors: Green Melanie , Ozón Gabriel
Published: March 2019

We explore valency and transitivity patterns in Cameroon Pidgin English (cpe) from a language contact perspective, with particular focus on (a) lexical and (b) constructional phenomena. With respect to (a), many verbs of English origin surface in cpe with additional senses and valency properties to those they display in the lexifier, illustrating the drive towards polysemy in a language with a relatively small lexicon. We also describe category change, whereby English non-verbal expressions (typically adjectives) emerge as verbs in cpe. In terms of (b), verbs undergo valency changes as a consequence of participation in productive serial verb constructions. These constructions are built around a small set of high-frequency verbs, some of which also occur in the light verb construction, which represents another strategy for the creation of complex predicates. We review the evidence for constructional substrate influence. The data under discussion are drawn from two small corpora of spoken cpe.
Contact-Induced Changes in the Argument Structure of Middle English Verbs on the Model of Old French
Authors: Trips Carola , Stein Achim
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates contact-induced changes in the argument structure of Middle English verbs on the model of Old French.
1
We study two issues: i) to what extent did the English system retain and integrate the argument structure of verbs copied from French? ii) did the argument structure of these copied verbs influence the argument structure of native verbs? Our study is based on empirical evidence from Middle English corpora as well as a full text analysis of the Ayenbite of Inwyt and focusses on a number of verbs governing a dative in French. In the first part of the paper we define the contact situation and relate it to Johanson’s (2002) model of code copying. In the second part we comment on Allen’s (1995) study of please and some other psych verbs and corroborate her assumptions that i) semantic similarity triggered change within the set of these verbs, and ii) this change has reflexes in the syntactic realisation of the dative argument as a prepositional phrase. We propose a method to identify contact-induced change beyond the verb class originally affected. More explicitly, based on further empirical evidence, we show that the argument structure of the native verb
give, a transfer of possession verb, was also affected by these changes and that these effects are stronger in texts that are directly influenced by French.
A Hume-Inspired Argument against Reason
Authors: Weintraub Ruth
Published: March 2019

In the “diminution argument,” which Hume adduces in the Treatise section “Scepticism with Regard to Reason,” he infers from our universal fallibility that “all the rules of logic require a continual diminution, and at last a total extinction of belief and evidence.” My aim in this paper is, first, to show that on all extant interpretations of the argument, it turns out to be very weak, and, second, that there is in the vicinity a significant sceptical argument in support of the conclusion that all our beliefs are totally unjustified, an argument that cannot be easily dismissed.
Uriel Weinreich: Builder on Empirical Foundations
Authors: Labov William
Published: March 2019

In this article, William Labov offers a personal take on the scholarly accomplishments and advising style of Uriel Weinreich, his mentor and later his colleague as well. He also draws on letters he and Weinreich exchanged in the mid-1960s, and he documents aspects of the collaboration that resulted in Weinreich’s most lasting contribution to the study of language change, the 1968 Weinreich, Labov, and Herzog paper (U. Weinreich, W. Labov, and M.I. Herzog. “Empirical Foundations for a Theory of Language Change,” in Directions for Historical Linguistics, eds. W.P. Lehmann and Y. Malkiel. Austin: University of Texas Press, 95–195).
The Jesuit Contribution to the Geographical Knowledge of India in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Restif-Filliozat Manonmani
Published: March 2019

While the mapping activities of French Jesuits in China and New France have been extensively studied, those in India have received less attention. While benefiting from the French crown’s interest in using the Jesuits as a tool for empire, they did not help develop an overarching imperial structure like that of Spain and Portugal or that of the Manchu Qing Dynasty. The work of Jean-Venant Bouchet (1655–1732), Louis-Noël de Bourzes (1673–1735), Claude Moriset (1667–1742), Claude-Stanislas Boudier (1686–1757), Gaston-Laurent Cœurdoux (1691–1779), and many others was instead important in building linkages between institutions and individuals in Europe and India. It further allowed commercial cartographers in Paris and London like Guillaume Delisle (1675–1726), Jean-Baptiste d’Anville (1697–1782), and James Rennell (1742–1830) to develop a more sophisticated picture of the interior of India.
Seeing through the Concept of World Literature
Authors: McDonald Peter D.
Published: March 2019

Less concerned with the concept of World Literature than with the promise and perils of conceptualization, this essay considers what experiencing some forms of writing as world literature might involve. Using J.M. Coetzee’s In the Heart of the Country (1977) as an illustrative example, it addresses questions of circulation, translation, writing systems, book history, and literary geography in the context of recent academic debates about world literary studies. It concludes by revisiting Rabindranath Tagore’s landmark 1907 essay “World Literature,” arguing that it remains an indispensable guide to experiential reading and anti-conceptual thinking.
Public Attitudes to Politics in Russia
Authors: Levinson Alexey
Published: March 2019

The 2018 Russian presidential election was effectively a contest not between Vladimir Putin and the other seven candidates on the ballot paper, but between Putin and the level of election turnout. Anything less than a large majority based on a respectable level of turnout would have undermined Putin’s legitimacy to serve for a further six-year term. In the event, Putin achieved his goal. Through the analysis of public opinion polls conducted by the Levada Center, we examine the background to the election. Putin’s success can be traced, first to long-standing patterns of differential turnout across the regions and, second, administrative initiatives by the election authorities which created a renewed confidence in the integrity of the election process.
A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Huong Son limestone forest, Hanoi, northern Vietnam
Authors: LUU VINH QUANG , NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG , DO HUY QUANG , ZIEGLER THOMAS
Published: March 2019

We describe a new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus based on two adult specimens from Huong Son limestone forest, Hanoi, Vietnam. Cyrtodactylus huongsonensis sp. nov. is distinguished from the remaining Indochinese bent-toed geckos by a combination of the following characters: medium-sized, with a maximum SVL of 89.8 mm; dorsal pattern consisting of dark nuchal loop, neck band and five in part irregular transverse body bands between limbs; two en-larged lateral chinshields in contact with first postmental pair; dorsal tubercles present on occiput, body, forearms, hind limbs and tail base; 14–16 irregularly running dorsal tubercle rows; ventrals in 41–48 longitudinal rows at midbody; lateral skin folds present, without interspersed tubercles; six precloacal pores plus in total 17 femoral pores in males, which are separated by 8–12 poreless scales; enlarged femoral scales and precloacal scales present; three postcloacal spurs in males; subcaudal scales transversely enlarged. This is the 24th species of Cyrtodactylus known from Vietnam.
A Novel Parameterization of Snow Albedo Based on a Two-Layer Snow Model with a Mixture of Grain Habits
Authors: Saito Masanori , Yang Ping , Loeb Norman G. , Kato Seiji
Published: March 2019

Snow albedo plays a critical role in the surface energy budget in snow-covered regions and is subject to large uncertainty due to variable physical and optical characteristics of snow. We develop an optically and microphysically consistent snow grain habit mixture (SGHM) model, aiming at an improved representation of bulk snow properties in conjunction with considering the particle size distribution, particle shape, and internally mixed black carbon (BC). Spectral snow albedos computed with two snow layers with the SGHM model implemented in an adding–doubling radiative transfer model agree with observations. Top-snow-layer optical properties essentially determine spectral snow albedo when the top-layer snow water equivalent (SWE) is large. When the top-layer SWE is less than 1 mm, the second-snow-layer optical properties have nonnegligible impacts on the albedo of the snow surface. Snow albedo enhancement with increasing solar zenith angle (SZA) largely depends on snow particle effective radius and also internally mixed BC. Based on the SGHM model and various sensitivity studies, single- and two-layer snow albedos are parameterized for six spectral bands used in NASA Langley Research Center’s modified Fu–Liou broadband radiative transfer model. Parameterized albedo is expressed as a function of snow particle effective radii of the two layers, SWE in the top layer, internally mixed BC mass fraction in both layers, and SZA. Both single-layer and two-layer parameterizations provide band-mean snow albedo consistent with rigorous calculations, achieving correlation coefficients close to 0.99 for all bands.
Malay Archipelago Forest Loss to Cash Crops and Urban Expansion Contributes to Weaken the Asian Summer Monsoon: An Atmospheric Modeling Study
Authors: Huang Shihming , Oey Leo
Published: March 2019

In the Malay Archipelago (Indonesia and Malaysia), forest is lost on large scales to cash-crop plantation (oil palm, rubber, and acacia, including fallow lands) and urban expansion. Deforestation changes land surface properties and fluxes, thereby modifying wind and rainfall. Despite the expansive land-cover change over a climatically sensitive region of the tropics, the resulting impact on the Asian summer monsoon has not been studied. Here we study the atmospheric response caused by the island surface change due to deforestation into cash-crop plantations and urban expansion. Using a large ensemble of atmospheric model experiments with observed and idealized land-cover-change specifications, we show that the deforestation warms the Malay Archipelago, caused by an increase in soil warming due to decreased evapotranspirative cooling. The island warming agrees well with in situ and satellite observations; it causes moisture to converge from the surrounding seas into Sumatra and Malaya, and updrafts, rainfall, and cyclonic circulations to spread northwestward into southern India and the Arabian Sea, as well as a drying anticyclonic circulation over the Indo-Gangetic plains, Indochina, and the South China Sea, weakening the Asian summer monsoon. The modeled monsoon weakening agrees well with, and tends to enhance, the observed long-term trend, suggesting the potential for continued weakening with protracted cash-crop plantation and urban expansion.
Research on Work Values in a Changing Economic and Social Context
Authors: Gallie Duncan
Published: March 2019

This article examines the agenda of research on work values that has been developing since the late 1960s. It distinguishes four phases, which successively broadened the scope of research on work values. The first phase focused on the likely impact of economic development and rising incomes on work values. The second interrogated the role of work values for those experiencing unemployment. The third extended the focus to gendered work values related to women’s increasing participation in the labor market. Finally, there has been increased interest in the strength of role attachment to a job and organization. In each area of research, the growth over time of cross-national comparative studies has revealed variations in work values across countries that point to the importance of understanding differences in institutional structures and cultural values.
The Transmission of Work Centrality within the Family in a Cross-Regional Perspective
Authors: Kittel Bernhard , Kalleitner Fabian , Tsakloglou Panos
Published: March 2019

Young adults’ work values evolve as they are socialized into education and work. We study a core concept of work values, work centrality, and distinguish between an extrinsic dimension, that is, the relative importance of work; and an intrinsic dimension, that is, nonfinancial employment commitment. Using data collected by the CUPESSE project on two generations of families in nine European countries, we explore the congruence of work values between parents and adolescents and the effect of the regional-level social and economic context on young adults’ work values. We find, first, that parental influence is the most robust determinant of extrinsic and intrinsic work centrality in adolescents. Second, the relative importance of work to young women varies across regions, but the variation is explained in part by female labor force participation rates in those regions. Third, differing patterns of extrinsic and intrinsic work centrality across European regions are explained, in part, by gender, education, and subjective financial satisfaction.
Work Values and the Value of Work: Different Implications for Young Adults’ Self-Employment in Europe
Authors: Lukeš Martin , Feldmann Manuel , Vegetti Federico
Published: March 2019

In this study, we ask how work values impact different forms of labor market participation of young adults across Europe. We define work values as individuals’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to work and the value of work as the importance or centrality of work in individuals’ lives. We use data gathered from young adults in eleven European countries in the CUPESSE project to investigate the role of the two sets of values regarding employment and self-employment. We then replicate our analysis on a larger sample using data from the European Social Survey (ESS). Our findings suggest a high importance of nonpecuniary benefits for self-employment. Analyses based on both CUPESSE and ESS datasets clearly showed the high, positive impact that independence and creativity have on self-employment. We also show that extrinsic values, such as job security, are more important for employees than they are for the self-employed. Additionally, we find that the value of work in life does not differ between the employed and the self-employed. In sum, these findings suggest that values related to self-employment are not rooted in a general value of work, as Max Weber postulated in his Protestant Work Ethic nearly one hundred years ago, as much as in the aim to achieve personal satisfaction.
Intergenerational Transmission of Work Values in Czech Republic, Spain, and Turkey: Parent-Child Similarity and the Moderating Role of Parenting Behaviors
Authors: Sümer Nebi , Pauknerová Daniela , Vancea Mihaela , Manuoğlu Elif
Published: March 2019

Although public debates emphasize a weakening of work values and ethics over the last few decades, little attention has been paid to the transmission of work values between parents and children. It is still unclear what kind of parental behavior is critical and if culture influences the intergenerational transmission of work values. Based on socialization and value transmission theories, we explore the question by comparing three countries with different cultural characteristics: Czech Republic, Spain, and Turkey. We used data from the CUPESSE project collected from young adults aged 18 to 35 and their parents. Turkish young adults and parents reported higher levels of moral- and gender-based work values than their Spanish and Czech counterparts. Parent-child similarity in work values was the highest among the Turkish families and the lowest among the Czech families. Overall, we find that stronger moral and redistributive work values and weaker gender role–based work values are associated with high levels of parental warmth and autonomy granting and low levels of perceived psychological control. Results suggested that family climate, rather than specific paternal and maternal parenting behaviors, have more substantial effect on the value transmission. We discuss implications that consider the role of cultural orientation and gender roles.
Identifying community-dwelling older adults’ vision loss during mobility assessments: A scoping review
Authors: Petty Linda S. , Foster Julia E. G. , Rigby Patty
Published: March 2019

Background.

Co-occurring mobility issues and vision loss are prevalent in older adults. Vision loss can cause ambulation difficulties and falls. Community-dwelling older adults frequently require mobility-aids assessment by occupational therapists. However, therapists often lack access to medical documentation on vision or training in vision assessment to ensure that clients have adequate vision for safe mobility-aid use.

Purpose.

This study aimed to identify screening and assessment approaches to identify functional vision loss to guide mobility-aid prescription.

Method.

A scoping review following Arksey and O’Malley’s five stages was undertaken using Medline and CINAHL databases. A data-charting form was used for extraction of information about each article, including the population, vision diagnosis, and the methodology for vision screening. The data regarding vision loss and mobility of older adults were summarized for each article.

Findings.

Twenty-three papers were included in the study, describing screening questions and questionnaires or assessment tools to screen for vision loss in community settings.

Implications.

The various tools identified can better prepare therapists to prescribe mobility aids appropriate for seniors’ level of functional vision and to refer clients for further assessment and intervention if warranted.
Systematic approaches to assessment in child protection investigations: A literature review
Authors: Vis Svein Arild , Lauritzen Camilla , Fossum Sturla
Published: March 2019

The primary aim of this study is to summarise research findings about the use of assessment frameworks, that is, structured models that guide information collection and decision making in child protection services, by reviewing the literature. The research review method consisted of identification, selection, coding, categorisation and summary of publications on child protection investigative work. The results indicated that there is some documentation showing that the use of frameworks leads to more information being gathered, a greater focus on the needs of the child and increased involvement of the child during the investigation. One side effect is that the investigative work becomes more extensive and time-consuming.
Fighting from the Pulpit: Religious Leaders and Violent Conflict in Israel
Authors: Freedman Michael
Published: March 2019

Religious leaders greatly influence their constituents’ political behavior. Yet, it is unclear what events trigger nationalist attitudes among religious leaders and why this effect occurs more among some religious leaders rather than others. In this article, I examine the content of Israeli Rabbinic rhetoric during different military and political conflicts. Drawing on an original collection of Sabbath pamphlets distributed to Synagogues, I demonstrate that religious rhetoric is highly responsive to levels of violence for the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. I find that religious rhetoric and tone are more nationalist during conflict with the Palestinians and that this effect is mediated by religious ideologies toward the state. In contrast, religious rhetoric does not respond to military conflict in Lebanon or other internal Israeli political conflicts. These findings highlight under what conditions religious leaders infuse conflict with a religious tone, arguably making it harder to gain support for political compromise among the religious public.
Optimal design of photovoltaic solar systems considering shading effect and hourly radiation using a modified PSO algorithm
Authors: Shams Mohammad Hossein , Kia Mohsen , Heidari Alireza , Zhang Daming
Published: March 2019

Regarding the significant potential of solar energy in Iran, implementation of optimally designed photovoltaic (PV) systems can be effective. Hence, this study proposes two objective functions: first, the maximum possible output energy for a given area and, second, the minimum area receiving a given yearly energy from PV fixed collectors in a solar field, both of which are calculated. In addition, the shading and masking effects are considered in the calculations. A modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. The case study of this article is a shopping center in Isfahan-Iran (latitude 32.5°N) with the minimum yearly energy demand of 171 MWh and the 5000 m2 roof area. To evaluate the yearly energy, the calculated hourly radiation approach is applied to the case study. The results show that the maximum possible generated energy is 881 MWh/year for the given area. In addition, to provide the minimum demand, 720 m2 area of roof is needed. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed MPSO, the results are compared with those of obtained by the relevant commercial software.
The Role of Relational Goals in Explicating Dyadic Emotional Communication Processes in Dispute Resolution: A Cross-Cultural Investigation
Authors: Liu Meina , Zhu Lin
Published: March 2019

This study tested theoretical models that explicate the influence of anger on disputants’ communication tactics and relational outcomes across two cultures. Participants were undergraduate students in Hong Kong ( N = 64) and the United States ( N = 74) who formed intracultural negotiation dyads to resolve a dispute between roommates. Results indicate that anger had an indirect influence on both negotiators’ own and their counterpart’s desire to continue the relationship. Anger affected negotiators’ relational goals (affiliation vs. power) that prompted the use of differing facework (face-saving vs. face-threatening) and dispute resolution (interests- vs. power- vs. rights-based) tactics, which were associated with both one’s own and the counterpart’s relational outcome. Although the models received support in both cultures, anger had a stronger influence on rights-based tactics for Americans, whereas it had a stronger indirect influence on power-based tactics for Hong Kong Chinese.
Quantitative assessment of peripheral limb perfusion using a modified distal arterial cannula in venoarterial ECMO settings
Authors: Foltan Maik , Philipp Alois , Göbölös Laszlo , Holzamer Andreas , Schneckenpointner Roland , Lehle Karla , Kornilov Igor , Schmid Christof , Lunz Dirk
Published: March 2019

In cases of severe cardiopulmonary deterioration, quick establishment of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) represents a support modality. After successful arterial peripheral cannulation, a certain grade of peripheral limb malperfusion is a fairly common phenomenon. Detection of peripheral malperfusion is vital, since it can result in compartment syndrome or even loss of the affected limb. To prevent or resolve emerging lower limb ischaemia, a newly designed perfusion catheter is placed into the superficial femoral artery, distal to the arterial cannula via ECMO. The aim of our study was to evaluate flow and haemodynamic characteristics of this novel distal limb perfusion cannula for ECMO therapy and present these important findings for the first time. The distal perfusion cannula blood flow increases in linear correlation with ECMO blood flow The variability of distal perfusion cannula blood flow with a 15 Fr cannula ranges between 160 ± 0.40 mL min−1 at 1.5 L min−1 ECMO flow rate and 480 ± 80 mL min−1 at 5.0 L min−1 ECMO blood flow, respectively. Comparatively, the 17-Fr-sized cannula performs on a scale of 140 ± 20 to 390 ± 60 mL distal perfusion cannula blood flow at 1.5-5.0 L min−1 ECMO blood flow, respectively. The quantitative assessment of the distal perfusion cannula blood flow has revealed that distal perfusion cannula blood flow can measure up to 10% of the ECMO blood flow. Furthermore, it has been also well demonstrated that the novel distal perfusion cannula is sufficient to compensate peripheral limb ischaemia.
Legal and spatial ordering in Aceh, Indonesia: Inscribing the security of female bodies into law
Authors: Schenk Christine G.
Published: March 2019

This paper analyses the 2008 expert hearings during a legal reform of the registration of life-course events, including marriages and divorces, in the Indonesian province of Aceh. The reform aimed to promote the civil registration of marriages and divorces, but was in tension with the spatial entanglement of traditional law ( adat) and the reinvigorated rule of Islamic law ( Sharia) alongside the legacies of decades of civil war (1976–2005) and the devastation of the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. While the registration of marriages makes related rights and responsibilities enforceable, the hearings brought to light that unregistered marriages can result in de facto polygamous marriages, often locally accepted according to village oral customs, without access to state benefits and eligibility for post-divorce rights. Unregistered marriages are often more prone to domestic violence because of lack of redress and support. This paper argues that the contestation of legal inscription of bodies in the realm of marriages and divorces points to possibilities for an alternative co-production of law and space, which in the long run might increase women’s independence from patriarchal structures. The paper contributes to a feminist legal geography by fleshing out the local–national scalar nature of plural legal orders that shape politics about the female body in postcolonial Muslim contexts.
Can assemblage think difference? A feminist critique of assemblage geographies
Authors: Kinkaid Eden
Published: March 2019

Assemblage thinking has been increasingly engaged by geographers to theoretically and empirically challenge philosophical categories and spatial imaginaries that have long been dominant in the field. Assemblage thinking presents exciting theoretical and methodological opportunities for geographers, yet its shortcomings are becoming increasingly clear. This article examines one such shortcoming: assemblage geographies’ lack of engagement with feminist thought. I approach assemblage’s uses in geography – assemblage as descriptor, concept, and ethos – as an entry point for a feminist critique, examining the potential of assemblage thinking to critically address issues of social difference, power, and the maintenance of inequality.
Factors for adoption of OSILS in university libraries of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Jahangir , Mezbah-ul-Islam Muhammad
Published: March 2019

This study identified the influential factors for adoption of OSILS in university libraries in Bangladesh. The survey was carried out among 196 library professionals from 14 private and seven public university libraries by a structured questionnaire which was adapted cautiously as per local arrangements after conducting a pilot survey. Factors for adoption of OSILS were analyzed by multiple regressions where overall satisfaction was used as dependent variable, and 14 factors for adoption of OSILS were applied as the independent variables. The entire model of regression analysis was established to be significant and revealed that cost-effectiveness, open source code, supporting community, backup and restore systems, easy to integrate with other software, and freedom from licensing fee significantly influenced library professionals to adopt OSILS. Moreover, an effort has been made for the first time to evaluate significant factors for adoption of OSILS in university libraries of Bangladesh that will prompt future research on OSILS.
Nickel-refining dust regulates the expression of inflammatory factors in NIH/3T3 cells
Authors: Qin Runan , Wang Yue , Wang Shengyuan , Xia Bing , Xin Rui , Li Chang , Wu Yonghui
Published: March 2019

Nickel (Ni) is a metal known to be a human carcinogen that occupational workers can be exposed to during the process of Ni refining. We investigated the molecular mechanism of inflammation that is induced by Ni-refining dust in a factory, using concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL for 24 h and 48 h, in vitro. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to detect the transcriptional expression levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Results showed that Ni-refining dust decreased the secretion of IL-6 under the experimental conditions. In contrast, Ni-refining dust activated NF-κB expression and stimulated the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To summarize, we demonstrated that exposure to Ni-refining dust can induce the expression of NF-κB in NIH/3T3 cells and the secretion of inflammation related factors. This provides a new basis for further study of the inflammatory effects of Ni-refining dust.
In vitro and in vivo hemocompatibility assessment of ultrathin sulfobetaine polymer coatings for silicon-based implants
Authors: Iqbal Zohora , Kim Steven , Moyer Jarrett , Moses Willieford , Abada Emily , Wright Nathan , Kim Eun Jung , Park Jaehyun , Fissell William H , Vartanian Shant , Roy Shuvo
Published: March 2019

Highly uniform silicon nanopore membranes were developed for applications in implantable bioartificial organs. A robust, readily scalable, non-fouling surface coating is required to enhance silicon nanopore membrane hemocompatibility. However, the coating must be ultrathin to keep the nanopores from occluding. Recently, zwitterionic brush polymers have demonstrated significantly lower fouling under biological conditions. In this study, we explore ultrathin zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA) surface coating at sub-5 nm thickness. Membrane hydraulic permeability was measured before and after surface modification of silicon nanopore membranes, and pores were found to be patent and in agreement with coating thickness measurements. Coating stability was analyzed under biological shear as well as under blood flow in vitro and in vivo. Following exposure to shear over 24 h, coatings were characterized via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, goniometry, and ellipsometry, and found to survive biological shear. In vitro blood experiments with fresh human blood as well as in vivo 7-day and 26-day implants in a porcine model demonstrate minimal platelet adhesion and activation with pSBMA surface modification compared to unmodified silicon exposed to fresh human blood in vitro. These results demonstrate that ultrathin pSBMA surface modification is a viable choice for application in blood contacting implants with critical nanoscale features.
Detection of engine misfire using characteristic harmonics of angular acceleration
Authors: Song Qixin , Gao Wenzhi , Zhang Pan , Liu Jiankang , Wei Ziqing
Published: March 2019

A new torsional vibration–based method for the detection of engine misfires was proposed based on the discrete Fourier transform of angular acceleration of the crankshaft. By analysis of the sensitivity of the discrete Fourier transform to fluctuations in speed and load of the engine, the characteristic harmonics and characteristic discrete Fourier transforms of a cylinder were defined. Then cylinder misfires under any operating conditions were diagnosed by checking the characteristic discrete Fourier transforms of the cylinder at its characteristic harmonics. An experiment on a four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engine showed that this method accurately identified misfire faults and the misfiring cylinders.
Caste-based Oppression, Trauma and Collective Victimhood in Erstwhile South India: The Collective Therapeutic Potential of Theyyam
Authors: Ahammed Shaima
Published: March 2019

The decades of collective victimhood and trauma that the oppressed lower caste members in the southern state of India (Kerala) suffered in silence were less known to the world until the socio-religious reform movements offered a space for their collective expression of agitation and unrest. With no socially sanctioned channels to express their injustice and pain, the folk ritual of Theyyam often became the alternative for a cathartic release of transgenerational and collective victimhood and trauma long endured by people belonging to these communities. A common theme of Theyyam discussed in literature is the symbolic meaning of ‘empowerment’, ‘dissent’ and ‘protest’ that Theyyam takes on as the performer embodies a chosen deity. The ritual thereby becomes a temporary outlet for the collective rage, anger and resentment endured by people of the oppressed communities over the years. These insights have implied the healing potential of Theyyam as it offers a safe outlet for repressed trauma reactions for individuals as well as for the community, collectively. However, what is relevant to this discussion is the mechanism by which healing processes are activated in Theyyam. This article makes an effort in this direction—the focus is on understanding Theyyam as a psycho-cultural phenomenon and the collective therapeutic dynamics that it offers.
Time and accounting in the Middle Ages: An Italian-based analysis
Authors: Adamo Stefano , Alexander David , Fasiello Roberta
Published: March 2019

This work is focused on an issue scarcely examined in the literature, concerning the analysis of the relationship existing between time and accounting practice. The aim is to highlight how changes in the interpretation of the concept of time influenced the development of accounting practices and contributed to the rise of periodical accounting reporting from the beginning of the thirteenth century to the end of the fifteenth century. The socio-economic context existing in Italy in the Middle Ages, the development of commercial partnerships among merchants ( compagnie) and the international trade created the conditions for the development of periodical reporting. The relevance assigned to time in economic activity is one of the crucial factors of the rise of accounting information related to recurring accounting periods. Furthermore, the article shows how the concept of time is important and its significance widely underestimated, in a variety of further applications.
Initial Networking Processes of Student Entrepreneurs: The Role of Action and Evaluation
Authors: Kaandorp Mariëtte , van Burg Elco , Karlsson Tomas
Published: March 2019

We study initial entrepreneurial networking, and describe it as a process of initiating, reacting, and evaluating networking. Our study of student entrepreneurs’ weekly diaries particularly points at the interaction of networking actions and cognitive evaluations. We introduce the concept of network momentum, which refers to the entrepreneur’s perception that the network starts to exist without the immediate effort of the entrepreneur, and we analyze the processes that lead to the establishment of network momentum. Our study contributes to the emergent literature on entrepreneurial networking and the role of cognitive evaluative processes in particular.
Finding the Way Forward: The Lived Experience of People With Stroke After Participation in a Complex Psychosocial Intervention
Authors: Kitzmüller Gabriele , Mangset Margrete , Evju Anne S. , Angel Sanne , Aadal Lena , Martinsen Randi , Bronken Berit A. , Kvigne Kari , Bragstad Line K. , Hjelle Ellen G. , Sveen Unni , Kirkevold Marit
Published: March 2019

Stroke patients’ well-being is threatened after stroke. A psychosocial intervention was developed for Norwegian stroke patients living in the community. Eight individual sessions between people with stroke and a trained health care professional were conducted 1 to 6 months post-stroke with one group of participants and 6 to 12 months post-stroke with another group. Subsequently, 19 of these stroke patients were interviewed to gain an in-depth understanding of their lived experience of the influence of the intervention on their adjustment process. Interview texts were analyzed using Ricoeur’s interpretation theory. Two participants did not personally find the intervention useful. The remaining participants greatly appreciated dialogues with the empathetic intervention personnel, feeling free to discuss their fears and worries. The intervention raised these participants’ awareness of their needs and resources. They were guided to resume their everyday life and adopt a future-oriented attitude. The intervention facilitated their meaning-making endeavors and post-stroke adjustment.