bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GAYO BUFFALOES AS A LOCAL LIVESTOCK GENETIC RESOURCE IN THE MESIDAH SUBDISTRICT, BENER MERIAH REGENCY
Authors: Abdullah Mohd. Agus Nashri , Gundala Tudung Mulie , Sari Eka Meutia
Published: April 2023

This research aimed to identify the reproductive characteristics of Gayo buffaloes in the Mesidah Sub-district, Bener Meriah Regency. There were three locations of the current study namely Perumpaken Benjadi, Wer Tingkem, and Simpur, which were determined using the purposivesampling technique. A survey was used as the research method to obtain primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected throughdirect interviews with buffalo livestock owners. They were asked a set of questions that had been prepared in a questionnaire. Secondary datawere obtained from related agencies in Bener Meriah Regency. The number of respondents was 92 from four villages in the Mesidah Sub-district,Bener Meriah Regency. Breeders as respondents were selected using a purposive sampling method, with minimum requirements that they hadraised two buffaloes that had given birth more than once and that the breeders had at least four years of farming experience. The research datawere analyzed using descriptive statistic. The results showed that the Gayo buffaloes in the Mesidah Sub-district, Bener Meriah Regency, had reproductive characteristics that met the standards. This can be seen from the obtained data which were almost the same as the average age of the reproductive characteristics of buffaloes in Indonesia. Gayo buffaloes in the Mesidah Sub-district experienced the first estrus (puberty) at 33.83 months old, first mating at 34.61 months old, and first calving at 45.29 months. The average gestation period was 10.51 months, the calving interval was 15.5 months, and the average service period was 3.66 months, while maintenance management was carried out extensively. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the reproductive characteristics of Gayo buffaloes in the Mesidah Sub-district, Bener Meriah Regency, still meet the standards. The average reproductive characteristics of Gayo buffaloes are generally the same as the average characteristics of other buffaloes in Indonesia.
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOWER HINDLIMB AND FOOT MUSCLES OF BORNEAN ORANGUTAN (Pongo pygmaeus)
Authors: Kartjito Nicolas Edward Christanto , Kadarusman Ikhsan , Novelina Savitri , Nisa’ Chairun , Laila Sri Rahmatul , Cahyadi Danang Dwi , Nurhidayat Nurhidayat
Published: April 2023

Orangutan is a great ape that has anatomical and physiological aspects similar to those of gorillas and chimpanzees, although orangutan is more arboreal than other great apes. This research aims to study the morphofunctional characteristics of the lower hindlimb and foot muscles of Bornean orangutan and its relation to the type of locomotion and daily behavior. This research was conducted on the right leg of a male orangutan by observing the morphology of the lower hindlimb and foot muscles and observing the behavior of the Bornean orangutan through video observations. The results showed that digital flexor muscles are more developed than plantar flexor muscles as an adaptation towards arboreal activities that require finger flexor movements such as gripping tree branches. Orangutans have rudimentary hallux, which is related by the less developed intrinsic muscle and indicated by the way orangutan grips tree branches dominantly using digits II-V. At a certain time, male Bornean orangutans are active on terrestrial that causes the digital extensor muscles to have more developed as an adaptation to terrestrial activity. It can be concluded the morphology of the lower hindlimb and foot muscles is in accordance to its function and behavior adaptation in arboreal and terrestrial.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF IRAQI LOCAL GOAT BREEDS BY RAPD DNA MARKERS
Authors: Yousif Awat Nooradin , Abdalla Mohammed
Published: April 2023

Genetic diversity of three Iraqi local goat breeds (Black, Hybrid, and Meriz) was studied by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fifteen primers were used, they generated a total of 259 amplification products, from which 142 bands were polymorphic, revealing 55.29% polymorphism. It was found that the mean value of Nei’s gene diversity (h) and Shannon's ınformation index (I) were 0.1778 and 0.2546, respectively. According to the analysis of genetic distances among breeds, the highest genetic distance recorded between Black and Hybrid 0.5108, while the lowest genetic distance recorded between Hybrid and Meriz 0.1431. The phylogenetic dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance analysis was in agreement with their phenotypic similarities in which the tree separated the surveyed breeds into two clusters, the first one including Black goat breed, and the second cluster includes Hybrid and Meriz breeds. These results indicated that Black goat breed is most genetically distant from both Hybrid and Meriz breeds. Finally, the moderate value for both of polymorphism and genetic diversity which obtained from the present study indicate that these breeds are genetically different, which provide a good background about these breeds for genetic improvement and conservation of our local goat breeds in the future.
EVALUATION OF LAPAROTOMY SURGERY WOUND HEALING IN DOGS USING THERMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Wijayanti Agustina Dwi , Purnomo Agus , Wijayanto Hery
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to develop the use of thermographic analysis to evaluate wound healing for laparotomy surgery in animals. The experiment used nine adult dogs 5 males and 4 females, bodyweight 5-10 kg) that had undergone the same general anesthesia and laparotomy procedures. Evaluation of wound healing was performed at 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery and 7 days after operations using a digital thermal camera. During each thermographic evaluation period, blood samples were taken for analysis of total leukocytes and leukocyte differential. The results of thermal imaging were compared with the values of inflammatory cells and the clinical condition of wound healing. Comparison of thermographic analysis with inflammatory status was evaluated using the regression equation and showed a strong correlation coefficient (Y= -0.4847 + 40.14, R2= 0.867), that is, the higher the temperature, the lower the inflammation. The conclusion of study is that thermographic analysis can be used to evaluate wound healing of laparotomy surgery in dogs.
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC NEEM (Azadirachta indica) LEAVES EXTRACT ON DEVELOPMENT OF SPERMATID AND ANDROGEN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN THE TESTIS OF RABBIT
Authors: Aulia Usma , Wahyuni Sri , Gholib Gholib , Dasrul Dasrul , Adam Mulyadi , Rahmi Erdiansyah , Hamzah Abdullah
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves on the number of spermatids and androgen receptor expression in the testicular tissue of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Twelve adults male NZW rabbits with body weight (BW) 2-2.5 kg were divided into three treatment groups (n = 4), namely P1 (control group) given 0 mg/kg BW, P2 and P3 were given 200 mg/kg BW and 300 mg/kg BW of neem leaves ethanol extract respectively. The extract was administered orally using a gastric tube for 52 days. At the end of the treatment, the rabbits were terminated and the testes were collected to be processed into histological preparations and stained with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining to detect the number of spermatid and Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to detect androgen receptor expression. The results showed that neem leaves extract administered at P3 rabbits significantly decreased the number of spermatids and androgen receptor expression in myoid peritubular cells and connective tissue P0.05), but not significantly different in the Leydig cells and blood vessels (P0.05) of testicular tissue. The conclusion of this study is that the ethanol extract of neem leaves at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW can be used as a contraceptive candidate compared to a dose of 200 mg/kg BW.
THE APPLICATION OF YEAST AND LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IMPROVE GROWTH AND INTESTINAL STRUCTURE OF TIGER SHRIMP LARVAE Penaeus monodon Fab.
Authors: Abbas Muhammadar Abdullah , Alamanda Nadhira , Sahidir Ibnu , Damora Adrian , Devira Cut Nanda , Putra Dedi Fazriansyah
Published: April 2023

This study aims to investigate the effect of the different concentration of RABAL (yeast and lactic acid bacteria) probiotics on the survival, feed conversion, growth and intestinal cells changes of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fab. larvae. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Tiger shrimp with average size of 0.02 g was randomly stocked  in each container containing  RABAL with concentration of 0 ppm (A/control), 75 ppm (B), 150 ppm (C), and 225 ppm (D) with frequency once a day for 30 days. Data were analysed using one way ANOVA. The result showed that the application of RABAL with different doses into the shrimp culture media significantly influences (P0.05) the growth and food conversion ratio of tiger shrimp feed but did not significantly affect (P 0.05) on the survival rate. The value of water quality parameters in this study were still at normal levels for tiger shrimp rearing. As conclusion, the application of probiotics RABAL with different concentrations have positive effect on the absolute weight, absolute length, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and intestinal villi surface area of tiger shrimp larvae, without adverse effect on the survival rate of tiger shrimp seed.
Associations between recorded loneliness and adverse mental health outcomes among patients receiving mental healthcare in South London: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Parmar Mayur , Ma Ruimin , Attygalle Sumudu , Herath Deepika , Mueller Christoph , Stubbs Brendon , Stewart Robert , Perera Gayan
Published: April 2023

Purpose Loneliness disproportionately affects people with mental disorders, but associations with mental health outcomes in groups affected remain less well understood.Method A cohort of patients receiving mental healthcare on 30th June 2012 was assembled from a large mental health records database covering a south London catchment area. Recorded loneliness within the preceding 2 years was extracted using natural language processing and outcomes were measured between 30th June 2012 until 30th December 2019, except for survival which applied a censoring point of 6th December 2020 according to data available at the time of extraction. The following mental healthcare outcomes: i) time to first crisis episode; ii) time to first emergency presentation; iii) all-cause mortality; iv) days active to service per year; and v) face-to-face contacts per year.Results Loneliness was recorded in 4,483 (16.7%) patients in the study population and fully adjusted models showed associations with subsequent crisis episode (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.29), emergency presentation (HR 1.30, 1.21–1.40), days active per year (IRR 1.04, 1.03–1.05), and face-to-face contacts per year (IRR 1.28, 1.27–1.30). Recorded loneliness in patients with substance misuse problems was particularly strongly associated with adverse outcomes, including risk of emergency presentation (HR 1.68, 1.29–2.18) and mortality (HR 1.29, 1.01–1.65).Conclusion Patients receiving mental healthcare who are recorded as lonely have a higher risk of several adverse outcomes which may require a need for higher service input.
Eksistensi layanan drive thru di perpustakaan perguruan tinggi pada era new normal
Authors: Rahmawati Nadia Rifka , Masruri Anis
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Library services during the Covid-19 pandemic have decreased even to the point that services are completely closed. This happens because the virus is easily spread through the air, causing limited community activities outside the home. To overcome this problem, the library provides service innovations that can be used during a pandemic, namely drive thru services. The purpose of this study is to describe the existence of libraries in the new normal era so that many libraries adopt drive thru services.Methodology. The method used in this research is a library research method with a qualitative approach. Library research technique is a technique that takes data sources in the form of books as the object of study.Results and discussion. This drive-thru service adopts fast food franchise services. This service became an innovation and alternative service when the COVID-19 pandemic entered Indonesia. To maintain the existence of the library finally, innovate to provide this service. This service is considered effective because of the lack of direct physical contact with other people in addition to reducing the crowding and spread of the covid-19 virus.Conclusion. Currently, the pandemic has begun to recede. But that doesn't detract from drive thru service. In this new normal era, drive thru services should increasingly exist and improve this drive thru service to provide better and better service.
Improving Urban Resilience through Formal Integration of Waste Pickers in Jordan’s Solid Waste Management
Authors: Hindiyeh Muna , Oghlenian Talar
Published: April 2023

The main aim of this project is to study the situation of waste pickers around the world and to analyse the situation of the informal sector of solid waste management in Jordan specifically. The study was done by different methods like surveys and desk reviews. It included studying their behaviour, the places they work at, types of materials they collect, the method of collection and much more. After this analysis, the focus was to find the most suitable method to integrate this sector with the government in a formal way that can benefit the waste pickers themselves, the government and the whole solid waste situation in the country. Based on the results of our study, recommendations for the waste pickers’ situation in Jordan were given.
Recodification of the Latin American City: Emerging Urban Legislation in the Pandemic Era
Authors: Pichihua Yeimis
Published: April 2023

In recent years, urban policies have been transformed in response to the pandemic. The new normality has translated into a new urbanity, in the broadest sense of the word; that is, into new rules that shape daily life and the production of urban space itself. However, in Latin America, most of these measures have been contingent on the emergency, as they have not been translated into structural or long-term policies. 
This research focuses on the changes experienced in urban legislation as of 2020. Period where national governments had to simultaneously confront health problems and pre-existing urban dysfunctionalities. This is a descriptive study outlining the landscape of emerging urban policies. It focuses on visible changes at the Latin American level, 
The results reveal that many Latin American countries have changed their urban policies during the pandemic, including a growing interest in social housing. Among the issues addressed are land regulation, the right to the city, the management of public spaces, informal settlements, etc. In conclusion, the pandemic was the scene of a change of course based on new urban policies. These policies improve the management of our cities and make it possible to build more sustainable and equitable spaces.
What is the general population’s perception of smart motorways in the UK?
Authors: Lynch Luke , Andrikopoulou Elisavet , Dadashzadeh Nima
Published: April 2023

Motorway users have various opinions about the types of smart motorways. Motor-way utilization can be affected if road users have a negative perception towards certain types of smart motorway, particularly on the topic of safety. There are three types of smart motorways in the UK. These are Controlled, Dynamic and All-Lane Running. This study focuses on the comparison of ALR and DHS smart motorways as ALR smart motorways are aiming to replace and improve upon DHS smart motorways. The aim of this project is to understand how the general population perceive smart motorways in the UK. This aim will be achieved through answering a series of these research questions: (1) How does existing knowledge of smart motorways effect perception of smart motorways; (2) How does age effect perception of smart motorways; (3) How does car ownership affect perception of smart motorways? Data were collected using an online survey disseminated to the UK vehicle and non-vehicle drivers via social media and advertisements. Descriptive statistics and cluster analysis were used to analyse the dataset and find similarity clusters. The primary research shows that ~57% of the survey respondents had never heard of or did not know the meaning of the 3 different types of smart motorway and only ~13% of respondents fully understand the different types. Car owners in both cluster analysis models show substantial variation in the results of the comfort / smart motorway choice variables. Greater knowledge and awareness about smart motorways is required to improve the perception of smart motorways. It would seem that this is particularly true for all-lane running smart motorways which are both the newest and most physically different type of smart motorway with their removal of the hard shoulder.
Gender in the dock
Authors: Diasse Mbaye Dieng
Published: April 2023

It happens sometimes that culture or the tradition to which we belong weighs heavy on our shoulders, and distresses us to an extent that we lose all sense of morals and drift into decadence. In reference to literature, moral decadence designates a corrosive process or situation of deterioration and decline in society’s ethical codes and sexual morality. In her perspective to dismantle the patriarchal culture, Amma Darko exposes the moral decline to which her society is prey and points an accusing finger at the gender-oriented system. The purpose of this article is to examine how gender and the standards that go with it can influence social depravity and the mounting loss of moral values among individuals. Stressing the writer’s objectivity and her catharsis-based approach as therapy, this analysis of Amma Darko’s Faceless and Not Without Flowers allows to have an off-screen look at the hideous consequences of gender prejudice. As they want or fail to meet the demands of the sexist ideology, both male and female, central and secondary characters are revealed to find solace in illicit deeds and amorality.
The Evaluation of GPM IMERG v.06 Rainfall Product over the Lau Simeme Watershed in Indonesia
Authors: Hutagaol SettingsBachtiar Malthus , E. Ball James , Suhartanto Ery , Wahyuni Sri
Published: April 2023

In Indonesia, rainfall is still significant spatially and temporally. In order to gain optimal results from utilising water resources, we have to ensure that the precipitation data is provided in good quality and quantity. Several spatial rainfall measurement sources have become available in recent years, such as GPM data (Global Precipitation Measure). In this study, the GPM IMERG V.06 product was evaluated using rain gauge measurements in the Lau Simeme watershed in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The relevance of the GPM IMERG was tested by direct comparison with observations at different time scales (daily, monthly, annual and seasonal) between 2005 and 2019. Results show that the satellite product provides poor rainfall estimations at the daily and annual time scales. However, the accuracy of GPM IMERG Final datasets is improved when temporally average to monthly timescale (R2 of 0.728, RMSE of 68.318 mm and NSE of 0.725), wet seasonal time scale (R2 of 0.673, RMSE of 79.287 mm and NSE of 0.658) and dry seasonal time scale (R2 of 0.947, RMSE of 20.356 mm and NSE of 0.924).
Prediction of Changes in Land Use/Land Cover and Hydrological Response in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed
Authors: Nuariman SettingsPanji Anom , Harisuseno Donny
Published: April 2023

As a result of rapid urbanization, in 2021, it was recorded that the forest area in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed was only a quarter of the total area. Therefore, the Upper Ciliwung Watershed cannot optimally perform its hydrological functions. One of the reasons for conducting this research is to provide consideration in calculating the adequacy of the forest area in the Upper Ciliwung watershed. In addition, this research was also conducted to estimate the discharge and volume of water, the trend of land use change in the Upper Ciliwung watershed in the last few decades, what might happen in the future if land use change continues, and how much influence it will have in maintaining forest areas that exist in minimizing the risk of future disasters occurring due to the high rate of development. This study combines remote sensing technology and hydrological modelling to understand changes in hydrological characteristics when LULC transformed from 2001 to 2051. The spatial-temporal dynamics of LULC and its hydrological response were estimated using an integrated approach that combines remote sensing, Cellular Automata-Markov Chain based on Multi-Layer Perceptron with an HEC-HMS modelling system. Multitemporal satellite imagery is used to understand LULC changes and projections for 2031 and 2051 in the Upper Ciliwung watershed. The analysis shows that there has been a very significant increase in the developed area over the years. In contrast, other types of LULC have decreased. In 2001-2051, the forest area experienced the worst decline, 22,423,493 m2. Meanwhile, the developed area experienced a significant increase of 49,771,952 m2. This changing pattern has a negative impact on hydrological characteristics. Hydrological modelling shows that the volume and discharge are projected to increase drastically to reach 258.61 x 106 m3 and 26.3 m3/s, respectively, in 2051.
How to deal with LM Disease in NSTEMI patient: PCI or CABG?
Authors: hafiz zunardi Lutfi , Saifur Rohman Mohammad , Satrijo Budi , Widiya Nugraha Adriawan
Published: April 2023

Background: The left main coronary artery (LMCA) with acute coronary syndrome have been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Urgent CABG is recommended for patients with LM disease accompanied by ACS, but requires special preparation and adequate facilities. not all hospitals are ready. PCI on left main coronary artery is a high risk procedure which requires special preparation like IVUS and FFR. Meanwhile, the ACS case is an emergency that needs to be treated immediately. Interventional management is mandatory in this setting, but the concern is whether the action is carried out in an emergency or an elective procedure. Objective: This study aimed to describe the management of LM disease in NSTEMI patients. Case presentation: We will discuss a 69-year-old male brought to our hospital because of chest pain while doing moderate activity. The patient was previously referred from a private hospital and was assessed as NSTEACS. from angiography there was Stenosis dd Thrombus at LM, the cardiologist suggest him to be referred to RSSA for CVCU admission and will be underwent Urgent revascularisation. Clopidogrel and aspirin were routinely consumed as dual antiplatelet therapy. We treat the patient with an unfractionated heparin (UFH) bolus, continued with continuous infusion until revascularization. No event of subsequent acute coronary syndrome was observed. Conclusion: Although the management of patients with LM disease requires some preparation before action is taken, urgent revascularization in Acute coronary syndrome cases must still be carried out immediately.
Mapping of Internal Audit Quality on the Public Sector in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sihombing Ranto Partomuan
Published: April 2023

This study aims to explore internal audit quality in Indonesia, especially in the public sector. The researcher used a systematic literature review method to synthesize the research results conducted over the past seven years between 2016 and 2022. This study found that most internal audit quality is only output-oriented, primarily influenced by compliance driver variables. The most researched variables are independence and competence. It also adopts attribution theory. However, the kaizen philosophy perspective assesses quality based on the demand-based driver. Finally, this study proposes a conceptual model for developing internal audit quality and future research that should be conducted based on outcomes using a qualitative approach.
The Influence of The Covid-19 Pandemic on Tax Avoidance
Authors: Wicaksono Ivonne Caroline , Adi Priyo Hari
Published: April 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic contributes to the slowdown of Indonesia's economy; therefore, the government provides tax incentives to particular sectors during this pandemic. This research seeks to investigate the influences of the Covid-19 pandemic and tax incentives on tax avoidance. This research uses Multiple Regression Analysis to process research data of firms from consumer financing institutions, insurance firms, and banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). We generate the data from IDX's and firms' official websites. This research documents that the Covid-19 pandemic has a significant relationship with tax avoidance, and firms receiving tax incentives during the Covid-19 pandemic are less likely to avoid taxes. In conclusion, during the Covid-19 pandemic, firms tend to avoid taxes to reduce losses and avoid bankruptcy. However, tax incentives given by the government demotivate firms to avoid taxes.
Financial Availability on Performance of MSMEs: Mediation of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Actor’s Rationality
Authors: Maesaroh Syti Sarah , Rahayu Agus , Wibowo Lili Adi , Ahman Eeng
Published: April 2023

This study investigates how business actors' entrepreneurial orientation and rationality affect MSMEs' performance, as well as how the availability of financing affects that performance. Using a random sampling technique, we surveyed 195 MSMEs from various business fields. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and AMOS and SPSS software. We discovered that the mediation of entrepreneurial orientation and decision-making rationality significantly impacted the relationship between financial availability and performance. Adequate funding encourages an entrepreneurial mindset and the development of innovations that improve overall performance. The study suggests that business actors improve their capabilities, including managerial skills, practices, and procedures in the financial sector. When adequate funds are available, they could be used to improve performance. The study adds to the dynamic capability theory by demonstrating that MSMEs must be able to integrate, construct, and reconfigure their financial resources in the face of rapid environmental changes.
Understanding Millennial Generation Organizational Social Exchange through Psychological Contract
Authors: Respati Yudit Ayu , Rusdiyanto Wahyu , Yovianingtyas Clarissa , Tajudin Anas
Published: April 2023

The rise of the millennial generation, especially in Indonesia, has overtaking the majority of various workplaces. Millennial workers are likely to have different characteristics from the previous generation, so the leader needs to adjust the treatment to create millennials’ job satisfaction and engagement. This study aimed to analyze the effect of psychological contracts on work engagement with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. This study used an explanatory method with a quantitative approach. The data was collected using a questionnaire and was analyzed using Partial Least Square software. There were four main findings in the study. First, psychological contracts, both transactional and relational, had a significant effect on job satisfaction. Second, transactional psychological contracts had a significant effect on work engagement. Third, job satisfaction mediated the relationship between transactional and relational psychological contracts with work engagement. Fourth, the rational psychological contract was not the main factor in increasing work engagement.
Analysis of the Impact of the Raskin Program on Food Security for Poor Households in Indonesia
Authors: Mustofa Mustofa , Sugiyanto Catur , Susamto Akhmad Akbar
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the impact of assistance from the rice program for people experiencing poverty on food security for poor households. The data in this paper are sourced from the fourth (2007) and fifth (2014) Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). A total of 1346 household samples were used in this study. The sample consisted of 401 treatment groups and 945 control groups. The treatment group is poor households that receive Raskin assistance, and the control group is poor households that do not receive Raskin assistance. The analysis used is Propensity Score Matching (PSM) with Difference in Difference (DiD). The study's results prove that the Rice for the Poor program has no significant impact on the proportion of household food expenditure. The interaction between the variables year (after) and treatment (Raskin) has no significant effect on the proportion of household food. The provision of the Raskin program in a longitudinal period has no impact on household per capita food expenditure.
A comparison between the nonhomogeneous Poisson and α-series processes for estimating the machines’ fault time of thermal electricity generation
Authors: Alghamdi Safar M. A. , Qurashi Mohammedelameen E.
Published: April 2023

This study aims to compare the stochastic process model designed as a nonhomogeneous Poisson process and α-series process, to obtain a better process for using monotonous trend data. The α-series process is a stochastic process with a monotone trend, while the NHPP is a general process of the ordinary Poisson process and it is used as a model for a series of events that occur randomly over a variable period of time. Data on the daily fault time of machines in Bahrri Thermal Station in Sudan was analyzed during the interval from first January 2021, to July 31, 2021, to acquire the best stochastic process model used to analyze monotone trend data. The results revealed that the NHPP model could be the most suitable process model for the description of the daily fault time of machines in Bahrri Thermal Station according to lowest MSE, RMSE, Bias, MPE, and highest. The current study concluded through the NHPP the fault time of machines and repair rate occurs in an inconsistent way. The further value of this study is that it compared NHPP and α-series to obtain a better process for using monotone trend data and prediction, meanwhile, the other studies in this field focused on comparing methods of estimation parameters of NHPP and α-series process. The distinctive scientific addition of this study stems from displaying the precision of the NHPP better than the α-series process in the case of monotone trend data.
Влияние атомов углерода на магнитный момент в системе Fe-C: расчет из первых принципов
Authors: Мирзоев А.А. , Ридный Я.М. , Дюрягина Н.С. , Верховых А.В.
Published: April 2023

From the first principles, the influence of carbon content on the magnetic moment of the BCC and BCC Fe-C systems was evaluated. The systems Fe-0.40 C, Fe-0.79 C and Fe-1.19 with mass% were considered. It is shown that the tetragonality of the Fe-C system increases linearly with increasing carbon content and is in good agreement with experimental results. The average magnetic moment on Fe atoms also increases linearly with increasing carbon content. At the same time, the magnetic moment of Fe atoms located in the immediate vicinity of carbon atoms is less than in pure iron, and the atoms of the second coordination sphere, on the contrary, have more. It is shown that this is primarily due to the magneto-volume effect, whereas the effect of tetragonal distortion of the lattice is secondary
Изменение температуры плавления металлов с ростом давления
Authors: Магомедов М.Н.
Published: April 2023

A new analytical (i.e., without computer modeling) method for calculating the dependence of the melting temperature (Tm) of a single-component crystal on pressure (P) is proposed. The method is based on the delocalization melting criterion and does not contain fitting constants. The baric dependences of the melting temperature Tm(P) and its pressure derivative Tm(P) for gold, platinum and niobium in the pressure range: P = 0 – 1000 GPa were calculated by this method. It was shown that the dependences calculated by this method for gold and platinum agree better with the experimental data than the dependences obtained by computer simulation methods. For niobium, the calculated dependence Tm(P) turned out to be steeper, i.e., the value Tm(P) turned out to be larger than in the experiment. It was indicated that this discrepancy might be due both to a decrease in the Lindemann parameter with increasing pressure and to a redistribution of electrons on the s-d-orbitals during compression of transition metals with a BCC structure.
Многозонная резонансная спектрометрия неупругого электронного рассеяния света и проявление сильного спин-орбитального взаимодействия в наноструктурах с квантовыми точками
Authors: Топоров В.В. , Байрамов Б.Х.
Published: April 2023

Созданы высокочувствительные методы спектрометрии неупругого рассеяния света для детектирования отдельных фотонов в видимом и ближнем ИК-диапазонах спектра (0.4-1.35) μm. Выполнены прецизионные оптические измерения колебательных и электронных состояний наноструктур с квантовыми объектами, на примере квантово-размерных наногетероструктур (311)В si-GaAs/InAs с квантовыми точками InAs. Отличительной привлекательной особенностью таких структур с вырожденной валентной зоной симметрии 8 является наличие сильного спин-орбитального взаимодействия. При этом собственный момент дырок может эффективно взаимодействовать с электрическим полем падающей световой волны. Обнаружено, что такое взаимодействие вызывает интенсивную люминесценцию и неупругое рассеяние световой волны в ИК-области спектра 0.9-1.35 μm. В условиях резонансного возбуждения выявлена эффективная генерация неравновесной электрон-дырочной (e-h) плазмы c концентрациями n=p=1.0·1017 cm-3 и T_e=T_h=25 K, в то время как температура решетки T_L=5.1 K. Обнаружены новые механизмы формирования аномально интенсивного интеграционного спектра мультиплексного неупругого рассеяния света довольно сложной формы, образуемой различными разделяемыми резонансными вкладами процессов квазиупругого рассеяния носителями заряда, рассеяния света акустическими плазмонами электрон-дырочной плазмы, а также неупругого внутри- и междуподзонного рассеяния света тяжелыми дырками. Установлено, что аномальное усиление интенсивности такого многозонного селективного резонансного рассеяния света более чем в 105 раз превышает интенсивность томсоновского рассеяния света на отдельных носителях заряда. Наблюдается согласие между оценочным расчетным и экспериментальным спектрами, причем большей частью для сложно интерпретируемой значительной ширины наблюдаемой линии рассеяния света. Показано, что новые механизмы различных вкладов образования рассеянного излучения фотонов являются важными диагностическими элементами, отчетливо проявляющимися в спектрах результирующего усиленного неупругого рассеяния света. Ключевые слова: наноструктуры, квантовые объекты, резонансное рассеяние света носителями заряда, обменное взаимодействие, диагностика плазмы.
Создание ферромагнитного полупроводника GaMnAs комбинированным лазерным методом
Authors: Вихрова О.В. , Данилов Ю.А. , Здоровейщев Д.А. , Калентьева И.Л. , Кудрин А.В. , Лесников В.П. , Нежданов А.В. , Парафин А.Е.
Published: April 2023

Исследованы слои GaMnAs, изготовленные методом импульсного лазерного нанесения в вакууме на подложках полуизолирующего GaAs. В процессе создания структур варьировалась температура подложки в интервале от 200 до 350oC, а толщина слоев составила ~ 50 nm. Образцы изготовленных структур подвергались отжигу импульсами эксимерного KrF-лазера. Анализ спектров комбинационного рассеяния отожженных образцов с использованием аппроксимации их функциями Лоренца показал, помимо пиков в области LO- и ТО-мод GaAs, наличие связанной фонон-плазмонной моды. В результате отжига наблюдается значительное возрастание дырочной проводимости слоев (сопротивление уменьшается от значений Rs~107-109 Ω до Rs~ 900-3000 Ω). Существенным образом изменяется вид магнитополевой зависимости намагниченности при комнатной температуре: происходит переход от нелинейной характеристики с петлей гистерезиса для исходного образца (появляющейся вследствие присутствия в нем включений соединения MnAs c температурой Кюри выше комнатной) к линейному характеру поведения для отожженного образца. Изучение гальваномагнитных свойств при температурах от 10 до 150 K показывает существование ферромагнетизма в слоях GaMnAs с температурой Кюри, достигающей 90 K. Наблюдаемые эффекты позволяют заключить, что применяемое импульсное лазерное воздействие приводит к модификации (растворению) включений MnAs, электрической активации Mn и, как следствие, к образованию однофазного ферромагнитного полупроводника GaMnAs. Ключевые слова: импульсное лазерное нанесение, импульсный лазерный отжиг, ферромагнитный полупроводник.
Идентификация парамагнитных центров гадолиния и железа в ортосиликатах скандия и иттрия
Authors: Важенин В.А. , Потапов А.П. , Субботин К.А. , Фокин А.В. , Артёмов М.Ю. , Титов А.И. , Павлов С.К.
Published: April 2023

The study of grown Sc 2 SiO 5 :Gd and Sc 2 SiO 5 :Fe crystals was carried out by the paramagnetic
resonance method. It has been established that Fe 3+ ions replace Sc 3+ in both crystallographic
positions, while Gd 3+ ions exhibit a single center localized in a larger position with a coordination
number of 7. Measurement of the orientational behavior of the positions of transitions of Fe 3+ and
Gd 3+ centers in two orthogonal planes made it possible to determine the parameters of their
triclinic spin Hamiltonians. To determine the localization of impurity ions Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , and Gd 3+ in
scandium and yttrium silicates, the orientation of the main Z axes of the fine structure tensors of
the second rank was used.
Магнитная восприимчивость одномерных спиновых цепочек S(Ni-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=-)=1 монокристалла Y-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-BaNiO-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=- в области 1.85-800 K
Authors: Петинов В.И. , Кулаков А.Б.
Published: April 2023

Магнитная восприимчивость chi(T) одномерных спиновых цепочек (ОСЦ) монокристалла Y2BaNi05 впервые исследована в интервале 1.85-800 K. В области от 800 и до ~520 K ОСЦ проявляют парамагнетизм Кюри--Вейса, у которого chi0(T)=C/(T+800), где C --- постоянная Кюри, с эффективным магнитным моментом μeff=3.75 μB. При уменьшении от 520 до 40 K восприимчивость изменяется как халдейновский магнетик со щелью Delta=117 K, chi(T)=chi0(T)exp(-117/T). Ниже 40 K chi(T) вновь растет по закону Кюри--Вейса с μeff=3.75μB, thetai1=-3 K и ni1=9.3·1019 спинов S(Ni2+)=1 на моль в кристалле, выращенном в бескислородной среде; и thetai2=-1.3 K, а ni2=4.6·1019 спинов S(Ni2+)=1 после отжига этого кристалла до 1000oC на воздухе и его последующего медленного охлаждения. Такое изменение "примесного" вклада в chi(T) ОСЦ, предположительно, связано с недостатком О2 у существенной доли концевых спинов у ОСЦ монокристалла. Ключевые слова: энергетическая щель, СКВИД-измерения в области 1.85-800 K, концевые спины, разрывы в спиновых цепочках.
Синтез и магнитные свойства цинк-теллуритных стекол, активированных наночастицами магнетита
Authors: Шестаков М.В. , Макоед И.И. , Moshchalkov V.V.
Published: April 2023

An effect of activation with nanosized particles Fe3O4 on structural and magnetic properties of zinc-tellurite glasses 20·ZnO−(80−x)·TeO2−x·Fe3O4 (x = 0, 1, 3, 7), prepared with melt-quenching method, have been investigated. Some functional properties of the glasses were experimentally investigated with X-Ray diffraction, Energy dispersive and Raman spectroscopies, and SQUID magnetometry. The values of the average crystallite sizes calculated with Scherer and Williamson–Hall methods were comparable with the sizes of magnetically active clusters reconstructed from the results of processing of the magnetic field dependences of the values of specific magnetizations, indicating their effect on the change in the magnetic properties of activated glasses. A partial phase transformation of ferrimagnetic magnetite Fe3O4 into paramagnetic maghemite γ-Fe2O3, caused by the oxidation of Fe2+ cations into Fe3+, has been revealed.
Фазовые переходы в двумерной слабо разбавленной четырехкомпонентной модели Поттса на гексагональной решетке
Authors: Бабаев А.Б. , Муртазаев А.К.
Published: April 2023

The Monte Carlo method is used to study phase transitions in a two-dimensional weakly diluted 4-state Potts model on a hexagonal lattice. Systems with linear dimensions L=21÷336 at spin concentrations p=1.00, 0.90 are considered. The use of the fourth-order binder cumulants method and histogram data analysis showed that the introduction of non-magnetic impurities has a stabilizing role in the implementation of the second-order phase transition in the Potts model under study on a hexagonal lattice.
Катастрофическое разрушение углеродных нанотрубок при деградации автоэлектронных эмиттеров
Authors: Булярский С.В. , Дудин А.А. , Лакалин А.В. , Орлов А.П.
Published: April 2023

Моделируется катастрофическая деградация эмиссионных катодов на основе углеродных нанотрубок, которая происходит из-за разрушения нанотрубки в дефектной области в результате перегрева. Модель учитывает разогрев нанотрубки путем выделения тепла Джоуля, а также радиационное излучение и охлаждение вследствие эффекта Нотингема, заключающегося в уменьшении температуры эмитирующего конца за счет энергии, уносимой потоком эмитированных электронов. Предложенная модель сравнивается с экспериментом по деградации одиночной нанотрубки. Эксперимент подтверждает катастрофическое разрушение и показывает, что разрушению способствует возникновение термоэлектронной эмиссии, которая вызывает быстрый рост тока и, соответственно, температуры дефектной области нанотрубки. Ключевые слова: автоэлектронные эмиттеры, деградация, разогрев нанотрубки, дефекты, катастрофическое разрушение.
Magnetoimpedance in manganese sulfide substituted with lutetium
Authors: Sitnikov M. N.  , Aplesnin S. S.  , Kharkov A. M.  , Abdelbaki H.  , Zelenov F. V.
Published: April 2023

The components of the impedance, the impedance of the LuxMn1-xS (x<0.2) solid solution in the temperature range of 80-500 K and the frequency of 100-106 Hz were studied. A change in the sign of the magnetoimpedance in concentration and temperature is found. The contribution of the reactive and active components to the magnetoimpedance is determined. The correlation of magnetoimpedance temperatures with the temperatures of the maximum attenuation of ultrasound and electrosound has been established. The frequency dependences of the reactive part of the impedance are described in the Cole-Cole model. Keywords: Semiconductors, impedance, magnetoimpedance, attenuation of ultrasound.
Magnetic anisotropy in TbFeB and PrDyFeCoB microwires
Authors: Sidorov V. L.  , Kopkak O. V.  , Korolev D. V.  , Piskorskii V. P.  , Vallev R. A.  , Morgunov R. B.
Published: April 2023

Tb7Fe90B3 microwires with a diameter of 50-100 μm were obtained by the method of ultrafast cooling of the melt. It has been established that the microwires contain the tetragonal Tb2Fe14B1 phase and the cubic TbFe3 phase. These two phases differ in saturation fields of 100 Oe and 10 kOe, respectively. The anisotropy of the coercive force of TbFeB microwires also indicates the coexistence of two magnetic phases. The data obtained are compared with the magnetic properties of PrDyFeCoB microwires, in which the coercive force is isotropic, and magnetization saturation is achieved in lower fields. Keywords: magnetic anisotropy, shape anisotropy, single-ion anisotropy, tetragonal phase, microwires.
Heat capacity of CoFe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- and 0.3CoFe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=--0.7PbTiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- composite
Authors: Mitarov R.G.  , Kallaev S. N.  , Omarov Z. M.  , AbdulvahidovK.G.
Published: April 2023

The temperature dependence of the heat capacity of the CoFe2O4 ferromagnet and the 0.3CoFe2O4-0.7PbTiO3 multiferroic composite in the temperature range 150-820 K has been studied. heat capacity over a wide temperature range. It is noted that the additional component of the heat capacity is due to the transition of cobalt or iron ions to higher energy levels, as well as due to the distortion of the lattice parameters due to the appearance of three coexisting phases. Keywords: heat capacity, multiferroic composite, Schottky effect.
The Effects of Scheduled Smoking Reduction and Precessation Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation: Randomized Controlled Trial With Compliance
Authors: Cinciripini Paul M , Minnix Jennifer A , Robinson Jason D , Kypriotakis George , Cui Yong , Blalock Janice A , Lam Cho Y , Wetter David W
Published: April 2023

Background

Smoking remains a major public health problem, and it is important to provide a variety of efficacious and appealing options to encourage smokers to quit smoking. Scheduled smoking is a method of gradual reduction, preparing smokers to quit by systematically reducing cigarette consumption according to a predetermined schedule that increases the time between cigarette consumption. Gradual reduction may be preferred to abrupt quitting, but the efficacy of this cessation approach is unclear.

Objective

This study aims, first, to evaluate the overall effectiveness of scheduled smoking alone, or in combination with precessation nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), versus standard NRT starting on the quit date with no prior smoking reduction and, second, to evaluate the impact of schedule compliance on the effectiveness of the intervention.

Methods

A total of 916 participants recruited from the Houston metropolitan area were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 3 groups: scheduled smoking plus a precessation nicotine patch (n=306, 33.4%), scheduled smoking only with no precessation patch (n=309, 33.7%), and enhanced usual care (n=301, 32.9%) control. The primary abstinence outcomes were carbon monoxide–verified, self-reported, 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 2 and 4 weeks after the quit date. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the intervention effect. Scheduled smoking was implemented using a handheld device for 3 weeks before quitting. This trial was not registered because data collection began before July 1, 2005.

Results

Results for the first aim showed no overall differences in abstinence among the 3 groups in both the unadjusted and adjusted models. However, the results for the second aim showed a clear effect on abstinence by schedule compliance at 2 and 4 weeks and 6 months after quitting (odds ratio [OR] 2.01, 95% CI 1.31-3.07), 4 weeks (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05-2.38), and 6 months (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.04-2.64), with the differences at 2 and 4 weeks after quitting being the most robust. We also found that scheduled smoking was related to a reduction in nicotine withdrawal, negative affect, and craving when compared with the controls.

Conclusions

Scheduled smoking, when combined with precessation use of NRT, can result in significantly higher abstinence rates than usual care (abrupt quitting with NRT), particularly in the early postquit phase (2 and 4 weeks after cessation) when smokers are compliant with the procedure. Scheduled smoking also produced a better overall quitting experience by reducing symptoms of nicotine withdrawal and craving, in comparison with usual care, which could encourage future quit attempts. Studies in this area should focus on the use of counseling or other methods to improve adherence.