bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects of Mimusops elengi (Linn.) Stem Bark Extract
Authors: Mohan Maneesh , Mir Anayat Ullah , Khan Nadeem , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Kumar Manish
Published: October 2023

Background:

Mimusops elengi (Linn.) has high medicinal value and is a native plant of
India. In the traditional system of medicine, the bark of M. elengi was used as cardiotonic, alexipharmic, stomachic, anthelmintic, tonic, and tooth-protectant that might be associated with antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Microorganisms are an integral part of our buccal cavity and intestines, however, a change in normal microflora can result in pathological manifestations.

Objective:

The current study attempts to evaluate the antioxidant activity of M. elengi (Linn.) stem
bark extracts using in-vitro methods and the efficacy of M. elengi (Linn.) stem bark extracts against
Gram-negative bacteria and fungal strains.

Methods:

Extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) were prepared using a Soxhlet assembly and rotavapor.
The extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening and in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial
tests.

Results:

The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of M. elengi stem bark showed appreciable DPPH free
radical scavenging, reducing power, and nitric oxide inhibitory activities with a concentration-dependent increase in their effects. The ethanolic extract showed better antioxidant activity relative
to the aqueous extract. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, and Salmonella
typhi growth were suppressed by the M. elengi extracts. Both extracts showed maximum activity
against S. typhi, while the ethanolic extract had better antibacterial and antifungal (S. cerevisiae, P.
chrysogenum, and A. fumigatus) activity relative to the aqueous extract.

Conclusions:

The findings of the present study conclude that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of M.
elengi (L.) stem bark showed potent antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
Electromagnetically Navigated Tube Placement Device for Bedside Placement of Small Bowel Feeding Tube on Patients with Acute Severe Pancreatitis: Comparative Study
Authors: Tan Guoliang , Chen Yongming , Lin Yanping
Published: October 2023

Background:

A developing approach for the bedside installation of feeding tubes is the Electromagnetic Navigation-assisted Tube Placement Device (ENTPD).
The ENTPD monitors the tip position of feeding tubes when they are inserted into the digestive tract. It aids in the avoidance of airway
misalignment and allows placing into the small bowel. Several recent exploratory studies have shown that ENTPD for nasojejunal feeding tube
installation can improve success rates, lower costs, and allow for a more rapid beginning of enteral nutrition.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of using an ENTPD for bedside placement of small bowel feeding tubes with blind placement on
patients with acute severe pancreatitis and to see how well the electromagnetic navigation trajectory image (ENTI) and X-ray agreed on the
location of the tube tip after placement.

Methods:

The study was done prospectively using randomized and single-blind methods. The 65 cases used electromagnetic navigation-assisted placement,
and 58 cases were blind placement. For judging the tube tip location, we compared the success rate, median time, number of repeat placements,
complications, and agreement of ENTI vs. X-ray.

Results:

The blind placement group's success rate was 86.21% compared to the ENTPD's 95.38%, P = 0.075. The median time was significantly longer in
the blind placement group (116.55 ± 68.62 min vs. 25.37 ±12.63 min, P=0.000); the average number of repeating placements was 3.02 ± 1.21 vs.
1.16 ± 0.31 (Blind placement vs. ENTPD, P = 0.002). It provided a high degree of agreement between ENTI and X-ray after contrast, κ=0.752
[95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.84]. No complications occurred in the two groups.

Conclusion:

ENTPD was used safely and effectively at the bedside to help patients with acute severe pancreatitis get feeding tubes. It not only improved the
high successful rate of placement, decreased the time and reduced the exposure to X-ray, but it was also very convenient for bedside placement
because of the portable equipment.
Unlocking the Barriers of Household Waste Recycling in Seremban, Malaysia
Authors: Md Rodzi Zahari , Zaharudin Zati Aqmar , Uttunggadewa Saladin
Published: October 2023

This preliminary study investigates the barriers inhibiting effective household waste recycling in Seremban, Malaysia. Data was gathered from 101 households using a structured Google Form questionnaire over two months. Seven barriers were identified, with limited access to recycling facilities, lack of awareness, and inconvenient collection schedules among the most prominent. Quantitative statistical methods were employed to analyze the data, revealing mean scores and skewness for each barrier. The results of this initial investigation will serve as a foundation for a more comprehensive study employing the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to analyze complex interrelationships between barriers.
Benefits of Implementing a Public Sector Conducive Ecosystem (EKSA): A case study of Tun Dr. Ismail Library, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Jalal Siti Salimah , Rosli Mohamad Hafiz , Abu Bakar Noraizah , Khairani Noor Sufiawati
Published: October 2023

The Public Sector Conducive Ecosystem (EKSA) was established in 2014 to enhance the quality of work environments in the Malaysian public sector. Specifically, it involves rebranding the 5S practices that have traditionally been used to create a conducive workplace environment. This study has utilized a qualitative approach via interview as data collection to explore the benefits of adopting EKSA practices in a library located within a higher education institution in Malaysia. The study findings have revealed that implementing EKSA practices in the public sector can enhance productivity and cost efficiency and improve the working environment, particularly in developing countries.
Transforming Higher Education: A conceptual model for fostering career adaptability and mitigating turnover intention among Early Career Academicians (ECA)
Authors: Rafie Umi Nazira , Ramli Suriana , Mat Nor Norzanah
Published: October 2023

Turnover intention among early-career academicians (ECA) can have detrimental impacts on the sustainability of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Hence, it is essential to investigate why ECA might devise a concrete plan to quit. Career adaptability is a critical determinant in minimising turnover intention as it may influence the ECA decision to remain in the organisation. However, career adaptability serves as two-edged swords as the literature has mixed findings. Drawing on the Conservation of Resource Theory (COR), this paper aims to reconcile the findings and unveil the link between career adaptability towards turnover intention mediated by work engagement.
Determinants Influencing Supply Chain Technology Adoption towards the Performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Rahman Nor Azian , Abdul Rahim Zulhasni
Published: October 2023

Supply chain technology (SCT) is a tool to improve MSMEs' performance. Although SCT is widely utilised in various industries, its adoption by MSMEs is limited. Hence, this study aims to determine the relationship and develop the framework of technological, organisational, and environmental factors and MSME's performance using SCT adoption as a mediator. This study will employ the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theories. Data will be collected through a questionnaire and analysed using (PLS-SEM). This study will provide significant information for MSMEs to further utilize the benefits of SCT adoption for improving organisational performance.
Evaluating the Academic Trend of Impulse Buying Research on Scopus Publications from 1998 to 2022
Authors: Abd Aziz Syahida , Jafri Roziyana , Anuar Azyyati
Published: October 2023

This bibliometric review of research aims to synthesise research trends in the domain of ‘impulse buying’ over the past 25 years. This study utilised extensive bibliometric analysis of articles published in Scopus-indexed journals from 1998 to 2022. It found that research on impulse buying has increased, with over 80% of the relevant documents published since 2013, and most of it in the form of concept papers and empirical research. Despite the low number of publications relating to impulse buying as compared to the publications in other disciplines, it has potential directions for future research.
A Review of Product Knowledge and Determinants of Consumer Purchase Intention on Plant-Based Meat Products In Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Azman Nur Mardhiyyah , Muhammad Rosmaliza , Ramli Nursyafiqah , Abu Bakar Siti Khuzaimah
Published: October 2023

Chronic diseases caused by poor health choices have been identified as a significant contributor to mortality. The poor dietary intake of Malaysians including high consumption of meat and other animal-based products may contribute to development of non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. The amount of meat eaten by Malaysians per person has increased to more than 55 kg a year in 2019, and obviously, a transition towards plant-based diets is urgently needed. Nevertheless, product knowledge and determinants of consumer purchase intention of plant-based meat need to be explored further for Malaysians to effectively adopt a healthy diet.
Features of the Electrical Properties of Limited Diffusion Semiconductors in Contact Measurements
Authors: Filippov V. V. , Luzyanin S. E. , Mitsuk S. V.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this work is to study the features of the electrical properties of bounded semiconductors, as well as the effect of the inhomogeneous distribution of impurities in anisotropic semiconductors on the structure of electric fields with standard methods of contact measurements.Diffusion and ion-doped semiconductor structures, as well as composite structures with misalignment of film and substrate lattices, are currently a promising class of materials in micro- and nanoelectronics. The introduction of an impurity into a semiconductor crystal sample changes its electrical properties, which makes it possible to reduce the size of individual components of the chip, while maintaining or increasing their power.Methods. The results of the work are based on the known dependences of the distributions of impurities during diffusion alloying. To calculate the potential distribution, the Fourier method was used, which made it possible to solve the Poisson Equation with Neumann boundary conditions without approximations. The mathematical package MathCad was used to analyze the obtained expressions characterizing electric fields in inhomogeneous semiconductors.Results. A technique for solving the boundary value problem for the potential in bounded diffusion semiconductors is presented. Expressions in the form of series of analytical functions for the distribution of electric potential in conducting anisotropic structures are presented. The constructed models make it possible to determine and qualitatively describe the distributions of electric fields during probe measurements and to investigate their structure in diffusion semiconductors. Conclusion. On the basis of computer modeling, the importance of taking into account the parameters of inhomogeneity of conductivity is shown. The effect of concentration of current density lines in diffusion semiconductors is shown and quantified.
Study of the Structure and Properties of Steel G13 with Modifying and Organic Additives
Authors: Eremeeva Zh. V. , Ter-Vaganyants Yu. S.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study – is to determine the effect of modifying and organic additives on the structure and properties of G13 powder steel.Methods. The study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of G13 sludge with modifying and organic additives was carried out. As modifying additives were used: nano-aluminum oxide powder and nano-zirconium oxide powder. The following organic additives were used: ethylene-bis-stearomide, nickel stearate, copper stearate, manganese stearate, iron stearate. The microstructure was studied using an S-3400N electron microscope. Hardness was determined by the depth of the indentation by the Rockwell method. A hardened steel ball with a diameter of 1.56 mm was taken as an indenter. Bending tests were carried out on an MFL HUS-2010z electro-hydraulic tensile testing machine in automatic mode using an IBM PX personal computer.Results. When studying the microstructure of steel G13, it was found that the most fine-grained austenite structure is observed in steel with the following composition of the initial charge: Fe + 14.5% FeMn + 1.2% C + ZrO2 (nano). A uniform structure of austenite with small rounded pores is observed in steel G13, which has the following compositions of the initial charge: Fe + 13% FeMn + 1.3% C + 1% St.Cu; Fe + 14.5%FeMn + 1.2%C + 0.5% St.Mn (warm mix). The study of mechanical characteristics has shown that the best combination of hardness after sintering and bending strength is possessed by workpieces made from a powder mixture of composition Fe + 14.5% FeMn + 1.2% C + 0.5% St. Ni.Conclusion. The most positive effect on the structure of G13 powder steel was exerted by the modifying additive of nano-zirconium oxide powder, as well as organic additives of copper stearate and manganese stearate. The best combination of mechanical characteristics (hardness and bending strength) is exhibited by billets into which an organic additive of nickel stearate was introduced.
Kinetics of the Colloidal System of Stabilized Boron Nitride in the Aqueous Subphase
Authors: Loktionova I. V. , Kuzmenko A. P. , Zhakin A. I. , Emelyanov V. A. , Abakumov P. V. , Neruchev A. Yu. , Filippov V. V.
Published: October 2023

Purpose. Preparation of a colloidal solution stabilized with stearic acid of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles, analysis and visualization of structure formation and its spatial characteristics, creation and study of floating monolayers on the water surface.Methods. The determination of the chemical structure was carried out using IR spectroscopy; modeling of the crystal structure and processes of colloidal solution synthesis was carried out using the Materials Studio 2020 software package with CASTEP, Forsite, Blends Calculation and Dmol3 modules; study of the formation of a monolayer on a setup for the formation and study of monolayers by the Langmuir-Blodgett method KSV Nima 2002, equipped with a Wilhelmy balance, Brewster microscopy and thermal stabilization.Results. A colloidal system of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles stabilized with stearic acid has been synthesized. The absence of chemical reactions and molecular deformations of stearic acid in the dispersed medium of a colloidal system (chloroform), as well as deformations of crystalline and molecular structures during passivation of stearic acid molecules on the surface of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles are shown using first-principles modeling. IR spectroscopy methods have established the complete evaporation of the dispersion medium and the fact of stable stabilization of nanoparticles. The obtained IR spectroscopy results are in good agreement with ab-initio modeling data showing the attachment of stearic acid molecules to the surface of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles by polar groups containing oxygen atoms, since in this case the minimum energy value of this system is achieved.Conclusion. The paper shows the possibility of stable stabilization of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles by stearic acid molecules and subsequent creation of a monolayer from them for deposition of defect-free thin films by the Langmuir-Blodgett method with demanded mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties.
Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Data Preprocessing Techniques for Detection, Prediction, and Monitoring of Stress and Stress-related Mental Disorders: A Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Razavi Moein , Ziyadidegan Samira , Jahromi Reza , Kazeminasab Saber , Baharlouei Elaheh , Janfaza Vahid , Mahmoudzadeh Ahmadreza , Sasangohar Farzan
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Mental stress and its consequent mental disorders (MDs) constitute a significant public health issue. With the advent of machine learning (ML), there's potential to harness computational techniques for better understanding and addressing mental stress and MDs. This comprehensive review seeks to elucidate the current ML methodologies employed in this domain to pave the way for enhanced detection, prediction, and analysis of mental stress and its subsequent mental disorders.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to investigate the scope of Machine Learning (ML) methodologies employed in the detection, prediction, and analysis of mental stress and its consequent mental disorders (MDs).

METHODS

Utilizing a rigorous scoping review process with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extention for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, this investigation delves into the latest ML algorithms, preprocessing techniques, and data types employed in the context of stress and stress-related MDs.

RESULTS

The findings highlight that Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Network (NN), and Random Forest (RF) models consistently exhibit superior accuracy and robustness among all machine learning algorithms examined. Physiological parameters such as heart rate measurements and skin response are prevalently used as stress predictors due to their rich explanatory information concerning stress and stress-related MDs, as well as the relative ease of data acquisition. The application of dimensionality reduction techniques, including mappings, feature selection, filtering, and noise reduction, is frequently observed as a crucial step preceding the training of ML algorithms.

CONCLUSIONS

The synthesis of this review identifies significant research gaps and outlines future directions for the field. These encompass areas such as model interpretability, model personalization, the incorporation of naturalistic settings, and real-time processing capabilities for the detection and prediction of stress and stress-related MDs.
Development of an Artificial Intelligence Video Analysis-Based Web Application to Diagnose Oropharyngeal Dysphagia – A Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jeong Chang Won , Lee Chung-Sub , Lim Dong-Wook , Noh Si-Hyeong , Moon Hee Kyung , Park Chul , Kim Min Su
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Dysphagia is a rapidly progressive disease mainly caused by stroke, dementia, traumatic brain injuries, and Parkinson’s disease. It is defined as a condition in which food material does not enter the esophagus, instead getting caught or aspirated into the trachea. In an aging society, the number of patients with dysphagia who require proper treatment and management is expected to increase; when food material gets aspirated into the trachea, it can cause aspiration pneumonia and eventually lead to death in the elderly or patients with neurological diseases.

OBJECTIVE

In general, normal swallowing, which can be assessed using videos, is classified into three phases: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal; and dysphagia is classified mainly into two categories: penetration and aspiration. This study proposes a video analysis-based artificial intelligence (AI) web application that diagnoses dysphagia by labeling video files and applying an AI model.

METHODS

The videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) is the most commonly used test to diagnose dysphagia in elderly patients. Regarding VFSS exam files, they are multiframe data that contain 200–700 images. Therefore, they can be very large, ranging from 300 MB to 1.5 GB in size. In the study, to label the data, the server separated them into frames during the upload and stored them as a video for analysis. Then, the separated data were loaded into a labeling tool to perform labeling. The labeled file was downloaded, and an AI model was developed by training with You Only Look Once (YOLOv7).

RESULTS

When a VFSS video file was uploaded to an application equipped with the developed AI model, it was automatically classified and labeled as either oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal. The dysphagia of a person was categorized as either penetration or aspiration; the final analyzed result was displayed to the viewer. The following labeling datasets were created for AI learning: oral (n = 2355), pharyngeal (n = 2338), esophageal (n = 1480), penetration (n = 1856), and aspiration (n = 1320); the learning results of the YOLO model, which analyzed dysphagia using the dataset, were predicted with accuracies of 0.90, 0.82, 0.79, 0.92, and 0.96, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Although conducting the VFSS is simple, carrying out the preparation for the test is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Patients who need to take it frequently, such as those with stroke, dementia, and Parkinson's disease, need to travel to a tertiary general hospital, which is difficult considering their restricted mobility and the long waiting time. We expect that the proposed study can support clinical practices in simplifying this inconvenient process and helping clinicians with reading tasks.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Generation of Backward-Looking Complex Reflections for a Motivational Interviewing-Based Smoking Cessation Chatbot using GPT-4 (Preprint)
Authors: Kumar Ash Tanuj , Wang Cindy , Dong Alec , Rose Jonathan
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a therapeutic technique that has been successful in helping smokers reduce smoking, but has limited accessibility due to the high cost and low availability of clinicians. To address this, the MIBot project has sought to develop a chatbot that emulates an MI session with a client with the specific goal of moving an ambivalent smoker towards the direction of quitting. One key element of an MI conversation is reflective listening, where a therapist expresses their understanding of what the client has said by uttering a reflection that encourages the client to continue their thought process. Complex reflections link the client’s responses to relevant ideas and facts to enhance this contemplation. Backward-looking complex reflections (BLCRs) link the client’s most recent response to a relevant selection of the client’s previous statements. Our current chatbot can generate complex reflections - but not BLCRs - using large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-2, which allows the generation of unique, human-like messages customized to client responses. Recent advances in these models, such as the introduction of GPT-4, provide a novel way to generate complex text by feeding the models instructions and conversational history directly, making this a promising approach to generate BLCRs.

OBJECTIVE

To develop a method to generate BLCRs for an MI-based smoking cessation chatbot, and to measure the method's effectiveness.

METHODS

Large Language Models such as GPT-4 can be stimulated to produce specific types of responses to their inputs by “asking” them with an English-based description of the desired output. These descriptions are called prompts, and the challenge of writing a description that allows LLMs to generate the optimal output is termed prompt engineering. We evolved an instruction to prompt GPT-4 to generate a BLCR given the prior transcript of the conversation up to the point where the reflection was needed. The approach was tested on 50 previously collected MIBot transcripts of conversations with smokers, and was used to generate a total of 150 reflections. The quality of the reflections was rated on a 4-point scale by three independent raters to determine if they met specific criteria for acceptability.

RESULTS

Of the 150 generated reflections, 132 (88%) of the reflections met the level of acceptability. The remaining 18 (12%) had one or more flaws that made them inappropriate BLCRs. The three raters had pairwise agreement on 80% to 88% of these scores.

CONCLUSIONS

The method presented to generate BLCRs is good enough to be used as one source of reflections in an MI-style conversation, but would need an automatic checker to eliminate the unacceptable ones. This work illustrates the power of the new LLMs to generate therapeutic client-specific responses under the command of a language-based specification.
Cambodia’s Path to Prosperity: Assessing the Impact of China’s OBOR Initiative on Well-Being and Economic Growth
Authors: Wang Zihang
Published: October 2023

This article mainly investigates the effects of OBOR on Cambodia’s local population, focusing on the indicators including the HDI growth rate and unemployment rate. The findings reveal that there is no conclusive evidence to suggest concrete benefits from China’s foreign aid.
Psicología del poder y su influencia
Authors: Sánchez Sosa Juan José
Published: October 2023

El ejercicio del poder, la dirección y la gestión de talento humano son determinantes para las relaciones que se establecen en las múltiples y diversas organizaciones que caracterizan a la sociedad, al Estado y sus instituciones. De ahí la importancia que para el Seminario Universitario de Gobernabilidad y Fiscalización representa incorporar estrategias de revisión interdisciplinaria, como es la psicología, para el análisis y la reflexión sobre el complejo entramado que representa el comportamiento humano, específicamente en aquellas personas que ostentan el poder y tienen la facultad de tomar decisiones. Este es el tema principal de este cuaderno, resultado de la conferencia virtual impartida por el Dr. Juan José Sánchez Sosa, profesor emérito y exdirector de la Facultad de Psicología de la UNAM, desde la División de Estudios de Posgrado de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la UNAM el 27 de octubre de 2022.
Effects of Time Perspective and Self-control on Work Procrastination of the New Employee: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Perceived Stress
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Jung Jin , Min Kyung-Hwa
Published: October 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was to verify whether the time perspective of a new employee influences work delay behavior through self-control, and whether perceived stress between self-control and work procrastination is controlled.
Methods To this end, an online survey consisting of zimbardo time perspective inventory, the brief self-control measure, perceived stress scale, and aitken procrastination inventory was conducted on 301 a new employee with less than three years of service at workplaces in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between measurement variables. The collected data were analyzed to examine the mediating effect and moderated mediation effect. And bootstrapping was used to verify the significance of indirect effects.
Results The results of the study are as follows. First, as a result of the correlation analysis of each variable, the ‘past negative’ time perspective and ‘present fatalistic’ time perspective showed a statistically significant negative correlation to self-control, and a positive correlation with work procrastination. ‘future’ time perspective has a statistically significant positive correlation with self-control, and has shown an negative correlation with work procrastination. Second, self-control fully mediated the ‘past negative’ time perspective on work procrastination, and self-control partially mediated the ‘present fatalistic’ time perspective and ‘future’ time perspective on work procrastination. Third, the control effect of perceived stress in the relationship between self-control and work procrastination was shown to be statistically significant. In other words, the impact of self-control on work procrastination depends on the level of perceived stress.
Conclusions It was confirmed whether perceived stress can control the effect of the time perspective of the new employee on work procrastination through self-control. This study is expected to provide useful data for understanding the cognitive and psychological factors that affect the relationship between time perspective and work procrastination and for consulting access to work procrastination in corporate consultation scenes.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Software Education: Focusing on Computational Thinking, Creative Sel
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Jeonghyun
Published: October 2023

Objectives This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of software (SW) education programs implemented in elementary, middle, and high schools, focusing on their impact on computational thinking, creativity, and SW attitudes. Additionally, the study aimed to verify whether gender differences occur in these competencies among students.
Methods A pre-post survey related to computational thinking, creative self-efficacy, and SW attitudes was con-ducted among 814 elementary, middle, and high school students who participated in SW·AI camps during the winter vacation period in 2022. The survey was administered at the first and final classes of the camp programs. Data analysis involved independent t-tests, paired t-tests, and comparisons to measure improvements in com-putational thinking, creative self-efficacy, SW attitudes, and gender-based differences.
Results The post-test results revealed an average score of 3.739(standard deviation = 0.794) for students' com-putational thinking, 3.694(standard deviation = 0.873) for creative self-efficacy, and 3.741(standard deviation = 0.875) for SW attitudes. The pre-post score comparison revealed statistically significant improvement in these competencies. Furthermore, when comparing gender differences, male students showed significantly higher scores than female students only in SW attitudes.
Conclusions SW education programs conducted in elementary, middle, and high school settings demonstrated a significant positive impact on computational thinking, creative self-efficacy, and SW attitudes. Additionally, gender differences were observed in SW attitudes. These results emphasize the necessity of enhancing the qual-ity management of SW education and providing operational and administrative support, aligning with the national policy's expansion of software education. Further research is proposed based on the limitations of the study.
Experience of Conflict During Clinical Practice of Nursing Students: Phenomenological Research
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kwak Su Young
Published: October 2023

Objectives This study is a phenomenological study to identify and describe the nature and structure of conflict experiences during clinical practice of nursing students.
Methods Participants in this study were 3rd and 4th graders with clinical practice experience, and 10 nursing stu-dents who wanted to actively state their experiences among students who experienced conflict or are currently experiencing it during clinical practice. The main question was, “What was the conflict you experienced during clinical practice as a nursing student?” and it took an average of about 40 minutes per participant. The analysis of transcription data through individual in-depth interviews of participants followed the procedure proposed by Colaizzi.
Results The study participants' conflict experiences during clinical practice could be identified into 3 categories: “unfairness about an unfair practice environment,” “disappointment and skepticism due to conflict,” and “scapegoat for conflict resolution,” 8 collections and 16 topics.
Conclusions In conclusion, many of the clinical practices experienced by participants are related to negative hu-man relationship experiences, which are caused by unfairness in an unfair practice environment, disappointment and skepticism caused by conflicts, and anguish caused by falling victim to conflict resolution.
The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy on the Effect of Lifelong Education Field Practice on Lifelong Education Career Decision
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Jang Kyungmi , Hyun Youngsup
Published: October 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to confirm the mediating effect of self-efficacy in lifelong education ca-reer decisions by college students who have completed lifelong education field training.
Methods To this end, a survey was conducted on students who completed the lifelong education field practice course at H University from February 6 to April 25, 2023, and 230 copies were used for analysis. The collected data used the IBM SPSS 26.0 statistical program. Hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping were conducted according to the procedures of Baron and Kenny (1986) to verify the mediating effect.
Results First, as a result of analyzing the correlation between lifelong education field practice, self-efficacy, and lifelong education career decision, it was found that there was a significant static correlation between each variable. Second, among the sub-factors of lifelong education field practice, self-efficacy showed a partial medi-ating effect in the relationship between the factors of practice institutions and lifelong education career decisions. Third, as a result of verifying the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between lifelong education field practice and lifelong education career decision, partial mediating role.
Conclusions In this study, it was confirmed that self-efficacy had a partial mediating effect in the career decision of college students who have experienced lifelong education field training. Based on the results of the study, we discussed ways to improve lifelong education field practice and self-efficacy to increase self-efficacy and lifelong education career decisions as mediating factors connecting lifelong education field practice and lifelong education career decisions.
The Study of the Effect factors in High school students’ Physics Preference types with the Latent Profile Analysis
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Ahn Sunyoung
Published: October 2023

Objectives This study aimes o designate evidence for the effective learning strategy at the beginning of the high school credit system in 2025.
Methods The effect factors were checked that were related to the classified group membership of the physics subject preference with 22, 407 of 2nd grades Korean high school students in 2022. The responses of the physics part among the Korean college major interest inventory(KCMII)were used for the study, and latent profile analysis was applied for classifying groups.
Results By the results, the 2-group solution was the most proper way for data. Three factors, which are the prefer-ence for physics activities, physics-related jobs, and gender, were supposed to effect factors to membership. The analysis results showed that activity- preference, and gender were statistically significant without job preference.
Conclusions Through the results, we proposed the necessity that gender and activities should be considered when developing of effective learning strategies such as the variable and capable teaching methods.
An Analysis of Student and Instructor's Recognition and Needs for Core Competencies: A Case Study of A University
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Jang Jihyeon
Published: October 2023

Objectives This study aims to analyze the perceptions and needs of both students and instructors on com-petency-based education in order to derive educational implication.
Methods A survey was conducted on core competencies and major competencies of 13,109 college students and 316 instructors, and a t-test, Borich's needs analysis and The Locus for Focus analysis were performed.
Results First, regarding the recognition of the competency model and system, the level of instructors was above average, and the level of students was found to be somewhat low. Second, as a result of analyzing the importance of existing core competencies and major competencies, the future importance of the existing core and major competencies were high, which was statistically significant (p<.01~p<.05). Third, as a result of the needs analysis on core and major competencies, it was found that students tend to aware of their competencies higher with high priorities for instructors' needs.
Conclusions It is necessary to raise awareness of competency-based education of students and instructors. In order to improve the competency-based education and system, it is possible to consider supplementing based on the existing core competency and major competency. Also, thorough collecting opinion process from various stake holders in college is needed in order to build up the own competency-based education system.
Western Music History Subjects Applied to Discussion and Discussion Operational Case Studies
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Su-Jin
Published: October 2023

Objectives This study sought to provide an effective teaching direction through practical examples of applying the discussion and discussion method to Western music history subjects and conducting classes with learner-cen-tered teaching methods. At the same time, the purpose is to conduct a learning effect and satisfaction survey for discussion-centered classes for students, analyze the results, prove the effectiveness of the discussion and dis-cussion teaching method, and present a learner-centered teaching model for music colleges in the future.
Methods While conducting a class on the history of Western music in the 2022-2 semester at the Department of Music at S University in Seoul, we attempted various class activities such as flipped learning, discussions/debates, quiz games, and reflection journal writing using a three-stage model of before class, during class, and after class. After completing the 15th week of classes, a learner satisfaction survey was conducted on 24 students who took the class to determine the effectiveness of the class method and learners' perception and satisfaction, and the results were analyzed.
Results First, the learner-centered teaching method using discussion and discussion has developed various competencies in the learners. Second, through various learning activities and the use of learning materials, the in-terest and interest of learners were improved. Third, through various activities such as flip learning, PPT lectures, discussion and discussion activities, and writing a reflection diary, the learner's understanding was improved. Fourth, through the formation of mutual closeness with the learners, it was possible to expect the active appear-ance of the learners. Fifth, the learners' satisfaction with the overall class was high.
Conclusions By applying the discussion and discussion method to the Western Music History course, which is a major subject of the College of Music, the learning effect and class satisfaction were increased, and the active participation of learners was drawn. Through this, the effect of the discussion and discussion teaching method was revealed and the way forward for learner-centered teaching was suggested.
Field teachers’ Perception of Utilizing ChatGPT in Education
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kang Hye Gyeong , Kim Eil La , Park Guen Hwi , Song Eun A , Kim Dae Kwon
Published: October 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of ChatGPT utilization in education for fostering future talents by analyzing teachers’ perceptions of ChatGPT awareness and its application in education.
Methods A survey was conducted with 141 teachers as participants. The questionnaire was developed based on relevant prior studies and modified for improvement. The collected survey data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA analysis using SPSS 27 software. Additionally, word frequency analysis was conducted using Python 3 programming language.
Results First, significant differences were found in the understanding of concepts and ethical issues related to ChatGPT based on teachers' experience, training, and educational background. Male teachers showed a higher understanding of ChatGPT compared to female teachers. Second, an analysis of the images associated with ChatGPT revealed the key keywords in order of frequency as follows: ‘Artificial Intelligence (AI)’, ‘questions’ and ‘answers’. Third, the analysis of criticisms and concerns about ChatGPT showed that 72.3% of teachers had critical views on utilizing ChatGPT in education. The identified keywords and frequency analysis of the concerns were ‘students’, ‘information’, ‘abilities’, ‘utilization’ and ‘ethics’. Fourth, the analysis of ChatGPT training showed that 88.7% of teachers expressed a desire for future ChatGPT training. The key keywords for desired training topics were ‘utilization’, ‘methods’, ‘lessons’, and the preferred training methods were remote training, face-to-face training, and self-paced learning using media.
Conclusions To improve teacher perception of ChatGPT in education and boost their understanding, practical teacher training on ChatGPT should be offered. Furthermore, developing an educational program and usage manual for ChatGPT is essential. This study provides crucial data by analyzing teacher perceptions, facilitating ChatGPT's educational integration.
The Playful Nature of Elementary Social Studies Activities
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Oh So young
Published: October 2023

Objectives This study aimed to present the suggestion about the direction of playfulness to be pursued by Elementary social studies classroom activities by investigating the playful nature inherent in it.
Methods For this purpose, this study examined the concept and attributes of play through Play Theory, and ob-served and interpreted learners' play patterns in the activities of three elementary school teachers' social studies classes. And indentified the playfulness of social studies activities through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and learners, and analysis of post-classroom reflections.
Results From a heortē perspective, play is interpreted as an attribute of activity or intensity of play, and the activ-ities of social studies would be seen as having a playful character or as play itself. The factors that make learners playful in an activity are related to the attributes of play, such as ‘spontaneity’, ‘conversation’, ‘authenticity’, and ‘playfulness, and seriousness’, and when an activity has these playful characteristics, learners feel and engage in the activity itself as play.
Conclusions In social studies activies, play should be pursued as purpose, not a means. Social studies activities as play can restore learners' subjectivity and foster practical attitudes by placing learning in the context of real life. The social studies classroom plays a role as a playground, making learning a joyful play of participation and communication.
The Meaning of Picture-book-making-centered Lessons for Pre-service Early Childhood Teachers
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Myung Junhee , Kim Wha-young
Published: October 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the implications of picture book-making-centered classroom experiences for pre-service early childhood teachers.
Methods The subjective of this study were 39 pre-service early childhood teachers who took ‘Picture Book Seminar’ at a college in Seoul. The class was conducted for 15 weeks, focusing on a picture book making activities, and data were collected and analyzed through reflective journals and appreciation and evaluation reports written by the research participants.
Results First, pre-service early childhood teachers expanded their knowledge of the objects, values, and charac-teristics of picture books. Second, pre-service early childhood teachers strengthened practical skills such as se-lecting picture books, reading picture books, and engaging in linked activities using picture books. Third, pre-service early childhood teachers developed a pleasant and positive attitude toward reading picture books, and gained ex-pectations and confidence in reading picture books.
Conclusions The class centered on picture book making allowed the pre-service early childhood teachers to un-derstand the essential characteristics of picture books, and to create a classroom atmosphere that encouraged free exchange with literary works. The learner to become an active writer as well as a reader, thereby maximizing literary response. It had a positive effect on the teaching capacity of pre-service early childhood teachers' knowl-edge, skills, and attitudes toward picture books.
Field Evaluation of a Commercial Biopesticide in Comparison with a Conventional Insecticide Against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) and Scrobipalpa ocellatella (Boyd) Sugar Beet Insect Pests and their Effect on the Associated Predators
Authors:   Cotton Pesticides Evaluation Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, A. Farag Abdelsalam , El Kenawy Ahmed H. ,   Biological Control Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, Refaei Elsayed A. ,   Biological Control Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
Published: October 2023

Farag, A.A., A.H. El Kenawy and E.A. Refaei. 2023. Field Evaluation of a Commercial Biopesticide in Comparison with a Conventional Insecticide Against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) and Scrobipalpa ocellatella (Boyd) Sugar Beet Insect Pests and their Effect on the Associated Predators. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 41(3): 266-271. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-041.3.266271 In this study, the insecticidal activities of one commercially available biopesticide, Biotect of B. thuringeinsis var. kurstaki, (9.4% WP, 32000 I.U./mg), and the conventional insecticide, Andros 5.7% WDG (Emamectin benzoate), against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and Scrobipalba ocellatella (Boyd) larvae and three natural enemies; Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.), Coccinella undecimpunctata L. and Scymnus interruptus (Goeze) were evaluated during 2020 and 2021 seasons in sugar beet fields at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. Andros was the most effective against S. littoralis and S. ocellatella populations with reduction of 83.3% and 91% in 2020 and 82.60% and 88.96% in 2021, respectively. Whereas, Biotect had the least effect with 67.2% and 60% reduction in 2020, and 70.12% and 56.4% reduction in 2021 for S. littoralis and S. ocellatella, respectively. On the other hand, treatments had a mediocre effect during the two seasons on the predators. Andros showed the highest effect on S. interruptus larvae with a reduction of (91.0% and 98.5% reduction), on C. undecimpunctata (81.66% and 83.22% reduction) and on C. carnea (78.12% and 86.19% reduction) in 2020 and 2021 growing seasons, respectively. Andros induced the highest decline in insect numbers. From this study, it can be proposed that Biotect is a promising B. thuringeinsis product for the biocontrol of cotton leaf worm and beet moth under field conditions. Keywords: Sugar Beet, Spodotera littoralis, Scrobipalba ocellatella, Biopesticides, Predators, Field evaluation.