bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interest, home environment, and young Chinese children’s development of English as a second/foreign language
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Lau Carrie
Published: December 2024

The current study examined the relationship between interest, the home environment, and young Chinese children’s development of English as a second/foreign language in Hong Kong. Two hundred and seventy-four Hong Kong kindergartners were assessed on their interest in learning English and their English language skills (i.e., expressive and receptive vocabulary). Their parents completed questionnaires eliciting family socio-economic status, parental beliefs, and home learning environment. The results indicated that (1) interest was related to children’s English language abilities after controlling for children’s gender, non-verbal intelligence, and kindergarten type; (2) parents’ beliefs about their child’s English ability and self-efficacy were related to children’s interest in learning English; and (3) interest uniquely contributed to children’s English language ability in the home environment. The present findings provide evidence of the active role that children play in their second/foreign language development and highlight the significant influence of parental beliefs on children’s interest in learning English.
A bibliometric analysis of research on the variability of precipitation over the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Subramaniam Sanjeef Kumr , Chenoli Sheeba Nettukandy , Cheah Wee , Mohd Nor Mohd Fadzil Firdaus , Chan Karl Johan Johari , Convey Peter , Tan Geok Yuan Annie , Rizman-Idid Mohammed , Alias Siti Aisyah
Published: December 2024

Regional warming rates experienced in the Antarctic Peninsula since the mid-twentieth century, linked to global climate change, have been amongst the world's fastest. The majority of studies of change in this region have focused on temperature, and while precipitation is also predicted to change (both in form and quantity) in the models, fewer studies have set out to document and test this prediction. In this study, we examined trends in research publications on precipitation variability over the Antarctic Peninsula from 1990 to 2023 using the Web of Science Core Collection database. A total of 86 relevant papers were retained and used to identify patterns in scientific outputs. VOSviewer and Bibliometrix software packages were used to illustrate the subject content of and trends in publications retrieved by key word analysis. Our findings revealed a positive trend in the number of papers published by year. Within the analysed period, research on precipitation variability in the Antarctic Peninsula region was initiated by a study of Turner and colleagues from 1997. The UK and US research communities were the two largest contributors to this field of Antarctic research globally, with their researchers also holding strong positions within international collaborative networks.
Mercados prehispánicos en el área maya: Algunas precisiones históricas, lingüísticas y etnográficas
Authors: Cobos Rafael
Published: December 2024

Datos históricos, lingüísticos y etnográficos muestran que, cuando se utilizan para apoyar la existencia de mercados durante la época prehispánica en el área maya, demandan una interpretación más cautelosa y crítica. En este trabajo se argumenta que fue hasta finales del período posclásico cuando las plazas funcionaron exclusivamente como lugares de mercado de forma cotidiana, ya que antes de ese período las plazas fueron los espacios donde se celebraron numerosos eventos sociales donde también ocurrió un intercambio de mercado, aunque de manera periódica. Además, ciertos términos económicos del lenguaje maya sugieren que transacciones de compra y venta, así como el intercambio por trueque, canje o permuta, pudieron haberse utilizado desde el período preclásico en esos acuerdos económicos. Ambos tipos de transacción forman parte de los intercambios de mercado y, en este artículo, se profundiza en la explicación de cómo pudo haber operado el trueque o canje, tomando en cuenta que, hasta hoy día, la permuta de bienes y/o servicios continúa jugando un papel importantísimo en las transacciones económicas que se realizan en diferentes mercados de México. Un tercer tema analizado en el presente artículo se enfoca en mercaderes quienes concurrían o reunían con otros mercaderes en “puertos francos” o centros de comercio o trasbordo para el intercambio de mercancías, ya sea por trueque o por compra y venta. Estos mercaderes parecen haber sido proveedores de productos que pudieron haber vendido al por mayor a otros mercaderes, o bien, los vendieron a otros comerciantes quienes a su vez realizaron ventas al por menor.
Do public-sector employment reductions promote the informal economy?
Authors: Adam Antonis , Moutos Thomas
Published: December 2024

Using information from all International Monetary Fund conditionality programmes from 1990 to 2018, we implement a dynamic Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting Regression Adjustment approach to enquire whether public-sector employment retrenchment may be incompatible with the goal of shrinking the informal economy. The estimated effect 5 years after the policy intervention indicates an increase in the share of the shadow economy to GDP by about 1.3 percentage points. More importantly, this change involves a sizable reallocation of private economic activity from its formal to its informal part; that is, the size of the formal private sector relative to the size of the informal sector decreases by seven percentage points. We interpret these findings through a two-sector model in which there is interdependence between worker incomes and the allocation of product demand across the formal and informal sectors.
The Bayesian One-Sample t-Test Supersedes Correlation Analysis as a Test of Validity
Authors: Phylactou Phivos , Papadatou-Pastou Marietta , Konstantinou Nikos
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Introduction: The validity of measurement, which refers to how accurately tools measure what they are intended to measure, is essential in science. Researchers rely on statistical approaches to test the validity of their measures. One such approach is correlation analysis. Even though correlation analysis can capture high nonsystematic errors between measures, it can often lead to misleading conclusions when observations are measured with systematic errors. Methods: We used Monte Carlo simulations with 10,000 iterations to generate the data in each simulation. Results: We demonstrate how correlation analysis is commonly used to test for validity and how this method can fail with systematic error. We further propose an alternative to correlation analysis – the Bayesian one-sample t-test – for cases where using a simple statistical test can be justified. We provide additional simulations as well as an application to real data, showcasing the implementation of the Bayesian one-sample t-test and how to use it to address the limitations of correlation analysis. Discussion: We suggest using the Bayesian one-sample t-test to identify both systematic and nonsystematic error and moreover to provide evidence for the null hypothesis of no differences between two measures. Conclusion: As a test of validity, the Bayesian one-sample t-test supersedes correlation analysis.
Differentiated Impacts of Central and Eastern Atlantic Niño on Hurricane Activity in the Tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Wang Haili , Wang Chunzai , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2024

Recent research highlights the influence of the Atlantic Niño on the likelihood of strong hurricanes forming in the tropical Atlantic. This phenomenon increases the risk of hurricanes impacting the Caribbean islands and the United States. A recent study identifies two distinct types of the Atlantic Niño, with warming concentrated in the central (CA) and eastern (EA) equatorial Atlantic, respectively. By analyzing observational and reanalysis data, we investigated how these two types of the Atlantic Niño affect hurricane activity. The findings reveal that the CA Niño enhances hurricane frequency south of 20°N, while the CA Niña promotes hurricanes north of 20°N. The CA Niño exerts a more significant influence on hurricanes than the EA Niño, primarily by affecting wind shear, relative vorticity, and vertical velocity. In contrast, the EA Niño mainly impacts relative humidity and African Easterly Waves. These insights could improve the accuracy of seasonal hurricane forecasts.
Oceanic Tunnel Controls of Eastern Equatorial Pacific Surface Temperature and Productivity Over the Past 3.6 Myr
Authors: Kimble K. M. , Herbert T. D.
Published: December 2024

Robust modern gradients in sea surface temperature (SST) and biological productivity across the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) Ocean between 80° and 140°W derive from vigorous upwelling of cold and nutrient‐rich waters. However, during the mid‐Pliocene warm period (3.0–3.3 Ma), the zonal SST gradient within the EEP was reduced to <0.5°C while the productivity gradient remained as strong if not stronger than modern. We consider the oceanographic mechanisms and external climate forcings responsible for the evolution of the SST‐productivity coupling. We synthesize existing records and present new reconstructions of alkenone biomarker SST and productivity from four EEP sites. The progressive SST gradient strengthening over the Plio‐Pleistocene contrasted with the stronger Late Pliocene surface productivity gradient relative to modern. Dominance of the oceanic tunnel over surface forcings best explains these observations: SST changes reflect extratropical water masses cooling toward the present while productivity proxies suggest these waters became less nutrient‐rich.
A Global Combination of Geodetic Techniques at the Observation Level: New Perspectives on the Terrestrial Reference Frame
Authors: Haines B. , Bertiger W. , Desai S. , Ellmer M. , Heflin M. , Kuang D. , Lanyi G. , Naudet C. , Peidou A. , Ries P. , Sibois A. , Wu X.
Published: December 2024

We describe the development and assessment of a new terrestrial reference frame (TRF) based on a combination of geodetic techniques at the observation level over the period 2010–2022. Included in the solution are observations from the Global Positioning System (GPS), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). A key feature of our solution strategy is the use of space ties in low‐Earth orbit to connect SLR to GPS. Though the resulting TRF solution is based on only 12.6 years of data, it is competitive with the international (ITRF2020) standard in terms of fundamental frame parameters (origin and scale) and their temporal evolution, both linear and seasonal. The relative rates of origin (3D) and scale (at Earth's surface) are 0.2 mm and 0.1 mm respectively. Absolute scale and 3D origin (at epoch 2015.0) both differ by 2–3 mm. In addition to station positions and velocities, our combined solution includes Earth orientation parameters (EOP), low‐degree zonal coefficients (J2 and J3) of the geopotential and precise orbit solutions for all participating satellites (GPS, GRACE and GRACE Follow‐on tandems, Jason 2 and 3, and LAGEOS 1 and 2). We discuss potential benefits of our solution strategy and characterize the impacts of our new TRF on estimates of geocenter motion and sea level change from satellite altimetry.
Macrophages promote pre-metastatic niche formation of breast cancer through aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity
Authors: Jiang Xu , Wang Jiaqi , Lin Liangyu , Du Liming , Ding Yayun , Zheng Fanjun , Xie Hongzhen , Wang Yu , Hu Mingyuan , Liu Benming , Xu Muhan , Zhai Jingjie , Wang Xuefeng , Ye Jiayin , Cao Wei , Feng Chao , Feng Jingyi , Hou Zongliu , Meng Mingyao , Qiu Ju , Li Qing , Shi Yufang , Wang Ying
Published: December 2024

Macrophages that acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype play a crucial role in establishing the pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which is essential for facilitating breast cancer metastasis to distant organs. Our study showed that increased activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in lung macrophages plays a crucial role in establishing the immunosuppressive PMN in breast cancer. Specifically, AHR activation led to high expression of PD-L1 on macrophages by directly binding to the promoter of Pdl1. This upregulation of PD-L1 promoted the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the PMN, further enhancing immunosuppressive conditions. Mice with Ahr conditional deletion in macrophages had reduced lung metastasis of breast cancer. The elevated AHR levels in PMN macrophages were induced by GM-CSF, which was secreted by breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, the activated STAT5 signaling pathway induced by GM-CSF prevented AHR from being ubiquitinated, thereby sustaining its activity in macrophages. In breast cancer patients, the expression of AHR and PD-L1 was correlated with increased Treg cell infiltration, and higher levels of AHR were associated with a poor prognosis. These findings reveal that the crosstalk of breast cancer cells, lung macrophages, and Treg cells via the GM-CSF-STAT5-AHR-PD-L1 cascade modulates the lung pre-metastatic niche during breast cancer progression.
Immunogenic recombinant Mayaro virus-like particles present natively assembled glycoprotein
Authors: Kim Young Chan , Watanabe Yasunori , Arlen-Celina Lücke , Song Xiyong , de Oliveira Souza Raquel , Stass Robert , Azar Sasha R. , Rossi Shannan L. , Claser Carla , Kümmerer Beate Mareike , Crispin Max , Bowden Thomas A. , Huiskonen Juha T. , Reyes-Sandoval Arturo
Published: December 2024

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are an established vaccine platform and can be strong immunogens capable of eliciting both humoral and cellular immune responses against a range of pathogens. Here, we show by cryo-electron microscopy that VLPs of Mayaro virus, which contain envelope glycoproteins E1-E2 and capsid, exhibit an architecture that closely resembles native virus. In contrast to monomeric and soluble envelope 2 (E2) glycoprotein, both VLPs as well as the adenovirus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccine platforms expressing the equivalent envelope glycoproteins E1-E2, and capsid induced highly neutralising antibodies after immunisation. The levels of neutralising antibodies elicited by the viral-vectored vaccines of structural proteins and VLPs increased significantly upon boosting. Immunisation of Mayaro virus VLPs in mice with or without an adjuvant (poly:IC) yielded similar levels of neutralising antibodies suggesting that the VLPs may be used for immunisation without the need for an adjuvant. A single or two doses of non-adjuvanted 5 µg of MAYV VLP vaccination provided significant protection against viremia and MAYV-induced foot swelling in the C57BL/6 mouse challenge model. MAYV VLPs represent a non-infectious vaccine candidate, which may constitute a complementary option for future immunisation strategies against this important emerging alphavirus.
The diagnostic and predictive potential of lncRNA CASC2 targeting miR-155 in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with nephritis complication
Authors: Mohamed Nada R. , El-Fattah Abeer l. Abd , Shaker Olfat , Sayed Ghadir A
Published: December 2024

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious problem that results from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complications. Recent studies have highlighted that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) dysregulation is a notable feature in patients with SLE. As a result, this research was designed to investigate lncRNA CASC2 and miR-155 levels as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers in SLE patients, including those with and without nephritis, and to investigate their effectiveness in assessing disease severity and predicting LN. Our study included 60 patients with SLE who were subclassified into (30 non-LN and 30 LN groups), along with 30 control subjects. Quantification of lncRNA CASC2 and miR-155 in serum samples from the Egyptian population was carried out with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The disease activity index (SLEDAI) for SLE was evaluated, and the analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was implemented. Increased levels of lncRNA CASC2 were observed in SLE patients compared to healthy controls, with even higher levels observed in the LN group versus the non-LN patients’ group. Conversely, miR-155 was noted to be down-regulated in SLE patients relative to controls, and its levels were lower in the LN group relative to the non-LN patients’ group. The elevated expression of lncRNA CASC2 and reduced expression of miR-155 were both correlated to the severity of the disease. The current study illustrated that both lncRNA CASC2 and miR-155 could act as valuable non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for SLE and predicting LN among SLE patients, as well as their abilities to detect the disease severity and progression.
An artesunate-modified half-sandwich iridium(iii) complex inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through the STAT3 pathway
Authors: Deng Dongping , Xu Na , Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Guandong , Su Yan , Fang Hongbao , Su Zhi
Published: December 2024

An artesunate-modified half-sandwich iridium(iii) complex inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through the STAT3 pathway.
Photocatalytic reductive coupling of furfural into deoxyfuroin on mesoporous TiO2
Authors: Gao Beibei , Wang Shuxian , Liu Min , Ma Jialing , Lu Tianliang , Li Hongji
Published: December 2024

The photocatalytic coupling of furfural into furoin and subsequent dehydroxylation to deoxyfuroin were achieved on mesoporous TiO2 and a Cu/TiO2 hybrid system, respectively.
Thermoelectric and electrical properties of triple-conducting multicomponent oxides based on substituted barium cerate-zirconate
Authors: Czudec M. M. , Jaworski D. , Budnik J. , Mielewczyk-Gryń A. , Subramani T. , Gazda M. , Navrotsky A. , Miruszewski T.
Published: December 2024

The study explores multicomponent oxides based on substituted barium cerate-zirconate perovskites synthesized by a solid-state reaction. The structure, microstructure, charge transport and thermoelectric properties are presented with a discussion.
Sr3Zr2Cu4Q9 (Q = S and Se): two novel layered quaternary mixed transition metal chalcogenides
Authors: Barman Sayani , Yadav Sweta , Ray Akshay K. , Swati  , Deepa M. , Niranjan Manish K. , Prakash Jai
Published: December 2024

Two new isoelectronic compounds, Sr3Zr2Cu4S9 and Sr3Zr2Cu4Se9 have been synthesized. Photovoltaic and transport properties of these phases have been studied in detail.
Eu2Pt3Pb5 and SrPt2Pb4—lead-based intermetallics with Y2Rh3Sn5/NdRh2Sn4-type polyanionic platinum–lead 3D frameworks
Authors: Makhaneva Anastasiia Yu. , Zakharova Elena Yu. , Nesterenko Sergey N. , Kazakov Sergey M. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Azarevich Andrey N. , Bogach Alexey V. , Kuznetsov Alexey N.
Published: December 2024

Two platinide plumbides, Eu2Pt3Pb5 and SrPt2Pb4, were discovered using high-temperature exploratory synthesis and flux-assisted crystal growth.
Revolutionizing the solar photovoltaic efficiency: a comprehensive review on the cutting-edge thermal management methods for advanced and conventional solar photovoltaics
Authors: Khan Sheher Yar , Rauf Sajid , Liu Shuli , Chen Wei , Shen Yongliang , Kumar Mahesh
Published: December 2024

Innovative PETS enhance PV efficiency and support low-carbon goals, yet gaps remain on feasibility, commercialization, and cooling specifics. This review shows PETS can boost efficiency upto 50% with cooling, highlighting future 4E studies.
UV-B degradation affects nanoplastic toxicity and leads to release of small toxic substances
Authors: Ekvall Mikael T. , Svensson Raluca , García Martínez Josep , Krais Annette M. , Bernfur Katja , Leiding Thom , Lundqvist Martin , Cedervall Tommy
Published: December 2024

UV-B irradiation on 53 nm amine modified polystyrene nanoparticles lowers the toxicity to Daphnia magna and releases small toxic molecules.
Therapeutic potential of chrysin in regulation of interleukin-17 signaling in a repeated intranasal amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer's disease model
Authors: Singh Gautam Avtar , Panda Ekta Swarnamayee , Balki Sneha , Pandey Shivam Kumar , Tiwari Aman , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

Chrysin showed a potent protective role in Aβ1–42-induced IL-17 signaling, neurobehavioural, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative changes in the cortex and hippocampus regions of mice.
Stepwise isolation of diverse metabolic cell populations using sorting by interfacial tension (SIFT)
Authors: Shulman Matthew , Mathew Thomas , Trivedi Aria , Gholizadeh Azam , Colcord Charlotte , Wiley Ryan , Allen Kiron S. , Thangam Lakshmi , Voss Kelsey , Abbyad Paul
Published: December 2024

We present a droplet microfluidic platform for the label-free and passive isolation of cells with multiple glycolytic levels.
A review of filiform corrosion and its prevention on polymer-coated aluminium alloys
Authors: Mysliu Erlind , Taji Iman , Erbe Andreas
Published: December 2024

Filiform corrosion is the dominant underpaint corrosion form on aluminium alloys. The state of knowledge of filiform corrosion specifically on aluminium is reviewed in this article.
Toward nanofabrication of SERS substrates with two-photon polymerization
Authors: Chalyan Tatevik , Feizpour Mehdi , Liu Qing , Vanmol Koen , Solerdelcoll Núria , Takebe Gen , Thienpont Hugo , Ottevaere Heidi
Published: December 2024

Highly controllable direct laser writing allows the fabrication of individual nanopillars with up to an aspect ratio of 4 in less than 2 hours. The developed SERS substrates show up to 106 Raman signal enhancement.
Leveraging the dual role of ROS in liver diseases with nanomaterials: clearing and amplifying for therapy
Authors: Liu Zonglin , Yao Zhenwei , Yang Haibo , Wu Shiman , Tang Zhongmin
Published: December 2024

The dual role of ROS in liver diseases, and the potential of nanomaterials with catalytic activity for therapeutic applications are examined.
6H-Indolo-[2,3-b]-quinoxaline derivatives as promising bifunctional SHP1 inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Chun , Dong Yi-Xin , Gao Li-Xin , Gan Suya , Gao Wenran , Li Jia , Xiang Da-Jun , Wang Xin , Zhou Yu-Bo , Wang Wen-Long
Published: December 2024

A bifunctional indoloquinoxaline derivative 5a was synthesized via a structural fusion and scaffold hop strategy, and exhibits SHP1 inhibitory activity (IC50: 2.34 ± 0.06 μM) whilst being capable of blue/green cellular imaging.
Palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of sulfoxonium ylides with aryl fluorosulfates
Authors: Wang Qing-Dong , Ren Jing-Ao , Cao Xu-Rong , Zhou Xiaocong , Yang Jin-Ming , Shen Zhi-Liang
Published: December 2024

A variety of α-arylated sulfoxonium ylides could be facilely synthesized in modest to high yields through α-arylation of sulfoxonium ylides with aryl fluorosulfates via C–O bond cleavage under palladium catalysis.
A novel bis-phosphonyl C-glycoside: the first synthesis of C-(1,6-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl)dimethylphosphonate, a stable bisphosphonate to probe the mechanism of β-phosphoglucomutase
Authors: Ghosh Ramprasad , Jakeman David L.
Published: December 2024

β-Phosphoglucomutase (β-PGM) catalyzes the interconversion of β-d-glucose-1-phosphate and β-d-glucose-6-phosphate sequentially utilizing a transient aspartyl-phospho enzyme and a β-d-glucose-1,6-bisphosphate intermediate.
Organo-photocatalytic dearomative hydrosilylation of indoles with silanes
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Xu Yadi , Xia Congjian , Xu Wengang , Wu Mingbo
Published: December 2024

A photocatalytic dearomative hydrosilylation of indoles with silanes, mediated by 3DPA2FBN and (i-Pr)3SiSH, enables the synthesis of indolinyl silanes with high diastereoselectivity and a broad substrate scope under transition metal-free conditions.
Photoinduced SF6 degradation for deoxyfluorination of propargyl alcohols
Authors: Zhao Yue , Ma Fengxiang , Chen Yifeng , Gu Shiyu , Zhu Feng , Cao Jun , Zhu Shan , Xie Lan-Gui
Published: December 2024

Deoxyfluorination of propargyl alcohols has been developed using greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as the fluorinating reagent.
TFA-catalyzed solvent-free dearomative cyanidation of isoquinoline using (Boc)2O as an acylation agent
Authors: Zhang Xujin , Huang Lihua , Zhang Ye , Meng Fanhua , Dai Xiandong , Cheng Chunru , Guo Yongbiao , Gao Zhenhua
Published: December 2024

A TFA-catalyzed dearomative cyanidation of isoquinoline under solvent-free conditions is described, which features broad substrate compatibility, 100 mmol scale synthesis ability and operational simplicity.
Photochemical action plots evidence UV-promoted radical ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic ketene acetals
Authors: Meissner Till , Friedel Peter , Carroll Joshua A. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Gaitzsch Jens
Published: December 2024

Radical ring-opening polymerisation (RROP) of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) is probed via photochemical action plots to understand their UV-light promoted acceleration.
Tandem synthesis of enantioenriched spirolactones via one-pot Heck–Matsuda reactions directly from nitroarenes
Authors: Chorro Tomaz Henrique Duarte , Kaussler Clemens , Kolodiazhnaia Julia V. , Jensen Frank , Skrydstrup Troels , Correia Carlos Roque D.
Published: December 2024

We report herein a novel, efficient, and expeditious approach for enantioselective intramolecular carbonylative Heck–Matsuda reaction, employing highly accessible, stable, and cost-effective nitroarenes as masked electrophiles.
Rhodium-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of in situ generated nitrile ylides with alkenes: a route to quaternary 2-trifluoromethyl-1-pyrrolines
Authors: He Caicai , Li Linxuan , Li Shuang , Chen Hongzhu , Zhang Hongru , Wu Yong , Zhang Xiaolong , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Karunanidhi Murali , Bi Xihe
Published: December 2024

A rhodium-catalyzed three-component reaction of trifluoromethyl N-triftosylhydrazones, alkenes, and nitriles is reported, which provides diverse α-trifluoromethyl-1-pyrrolines bearing a quaternary carbon center via in situ generated nitrile ylides.
Access to fluorinated dienes through hydrofluorination of 2-En-4-ynoates
Authors: Xia Yue , Charlack Aaron D. , Guo Rui , Wade Nicholas W. , Wang Yi-Ming
Published: December 2024

The hydrofluorination of enynoates has been developed for the synthesis of fluorinated dienoates.
Influence of loblolly pine anatomical fractions and tree age on oil yield and composition during fast pyrolysis
Authors: Starace Anne K. , Palmer Scott , Orton Kellene , Pierce Carson , Christensen Earl , Larson Andy , Martinez Rianna , Klinger Jordan , Griffin Michael B. , Mukarakate Calvin , Iisa Kristiina , Wiatrowski Matthew R. , Dutta Abhijit , Parks II James E. , Oyedeji Oluwafemi , Carpenter Daniel
Published: December 2024

Fast pyrolysis of woody materials is a technology pathway for producing renewable fuels and chemicals.
Emergence of synchronization-induced patterns in two-dimensional magnetic rod systems under rotating magnetic fields
Authors: Domingos Jorge L. C. , Potiguar F. Q. , Oliveira C. L. N. , Ferreira W. P.
Published: December 2024

We investigate the dynamics of two-dimensional assemblies of rod-shaped magnetic colloids under the influence of an external rotating magnetic field.
Enabling high-performance and high-rate-capability Na4MnV(PO4)3 sodium-ion battery cathodes through tuning the NASICON framework
Authors: Wu Cheng-Yen , Huang Chen-En , Luo An-Chi , Lu Wen-Hsuan , Huang Shao-Chu , Huang Yu-Ming , Peterson Vanessa K. , Liu Hao-Yu , Chen Chi-Liang , Lu Ying-Rui , Chen Tsung-Yi , Lu Cheng-Zhang , Pang Wei Kong , Chen Han-Yi
Published: December 2024

Mo-doped Na4MnV(PO4)3, where Mo is at the P site, demonstrating improved electronic conductivity and outstanding rate performance.
Versatile hydrogel towards coupling of energy harvesting and storage for self-powered round-the-clock sensing
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Hu Quanhong , Wang Shaobo , Liu Zhirong , Tang Chuyu , Li Linlin
Published: December 2024

In this work, a multifunctional, high-conductivity, flexible, anti-freezing and self-adhesive double-network hydrogel with a 3D interpenetrating framework was designed for energy harvesting and storage for self-powered round-the-clock sensing.
Aminophenol–formaldehyde particles containing hydrophilic benzenoid-amine for a highly efficient solar-thermal water harvester
Authors: Yu Rongtai , Xie Jianchao , Jin Fangfen , Lu Weiwei , Jin Mingzhu , He Xinyang , Nanjundan Ashok K. , Yu Chengzhong , Huang Xiaodan
Published: December 2024

A solar-driven interfacial evaporation system utilizing aminophenol–formaldehyde resin particles as solar-absorbing materials achieves a high water evaporation rate.
Nanomechanical and nanoelectrical analysis of the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer anode – impact of reinforcement fibers and porous transport layer
Authors: Borowec Julian , Rein Lukas , Gorin Nelli , Basak Shibabrata , Dobrenizki Ladislaus , Schmid Günter , Jodat Eva , Karl André , Eichel Rüdiger-A. , Hausen Florian
Published: December 2024

An operated reinforced membrane electrode assembly anode was analyzed with high resolution. The fiber-reinforcement provided long-term stability, while nanomechanical and nanoelectrical aging was especially observed at porous transport layer marks.
A high-pressure enabled high-entropy (CrFeCoNiMn)4S5 composite anode for enhanced durability and high-rate sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Liu Qiaoyu , Jia Donghan , Liu Kefeng , Gao Zhenning , Wu Chaoxian , Zhao Qingao , Wu Lailei , Zhang Jian , Zhang Xin , Wang Gongkai , Gou Huiyang
Published: December 2024

A high-entropy transition metal sulfide anode composite is prepared using a high-pressure, high-temperature technique, which demonstrates enhanced cycling stability, reduced polysulfide shuttle effect, and improved sodium storage performance.
Polyurethane packed graphene-coated spider silk by dip-casting for a highly stretchable strain sensor
Authors: Abbas Zaigham , Hassan Gul , Khan Muhammad Umair , Abbas Haider , Ahmad Basheer , Shuja Ahmed , Sajid Memoon , Bae Jinho , Choi Changhwan
Published: December 2024

In recent years, naturally occurring materials have gained tremendous attention for their potential in the fabrication of advanced wearable electronic devices.
Ultra-thin and thin CrSi films on Si(111): II. Transport and magnetic properties
Authors: Galkin Nikolay G. , Subbotin Evgenii Yu. , Galkin Konstantin N. , Goroshko Dmitrii L. , Goroshko Olga A. , Migas Dmitri B. , Filonov Andrew B. , Tkachenko Ivan A. , Samardak Aleksei Yu.
Published: December 2024

The magnetotransport and magnetic properties of UT and thin CrSi films are investigated. UT films exhibit quantum magnetoresistance (3–30 K) and out-of-plane ferromagnetism (FM), and thin CrSi films exhibit 3D conductivity and weak FM.
Strain-engineering quantized spin Hall conductivity in sliding multiferroic RuCl2 bilayers
Authors: Zhang Xinge , Jiang Yuqian , Tian Yuping , Zhang Binyuan , Li Linyang , Gong Wei-Jiang , Kong Xiangru
Published: December 2024

Strain-engineering can induce band inversions and quantized spin Hall conductivity in sliding multiferroic RuCl2 bilayers, leading to the quantum layer spin Hall effect.
Blue electroluminescence and hyperluminescence facilitated by Ir(iii) phosphors with 5-cyano-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylidene cyclometalates
Authors: Wu Yixin , Tong Kai-Ning , Kuhn Martin , Wu Chengcheng , Hung Wen-Yi , Wei Guodan , Yan Jie , Chi Yun , Zhou Xiuwen
Published: December 2024

Two blue-emitting Ir(iii) carbene complexes were designed and utilized to fabricate OLED devices. The f-ct3b-based PhOLED exhibited superior performance, while the hyper-OLED achieved a max. EQE of 29.0% with narrowband blue emission.
Exploring the spectrum: an environmental examination of hydrogen's diverse colors
Authors: Mehmood Hafsa , Akbar Haseeb , Nilsalab Pariyapat , Gheewala Shabbir H.
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen is emerging as an immense source of energy having the potential to at least partly replace fossil fuels.
A study on identifying representative trips for mobility service design
Authors: Kim Jeongyun , Tak Sehyun , Yoon Jinwon , Yeo Hwasoo
Published: December 2024

Recently, with growing interest in urban mobility patterns, the demand for collecting and analysing origin‐destination (OD) data is increasing. Due to the large scale and dimensionality of OD data, there are two issues in analysing the data: big‐data storage and major pattern extraction. To deal with two issues at the same time, this study suggests a principal control analysis‐based major demand identification method to improve the usability of microscopic OD data. Especially, this study focuses on finding principal components that preserve major patterns from OD data with small random noise so that the data can be effectively used for mobility service design. The proposed method is applied to smart card data of Seoul and Sejong and extracted major demand patterns from peak‐ and non‐peak hour data of these cities. The degree of daily regularity, reconstruction accuracy, and compression rate of the reconstructed data is analysed varying sets of principal components. The obtained results show that the major demands contain a low volume and a large volume of demand and with lower‐order principal components, major demands can be efficiently extracted by removing randomly appearing small‐volume demand. In addition, the trade‐off behaviour is observed between the degree of daily regularity and reconstruction accuracy depending on the compression rate. Based on the observations, it can be found that the loss of major demand patterns could be prevented when targeting a reconstruction accuracy of 90–95% and the proposed method can reduce the data size while preserving major mobility patterns.
Relay‐assisted D2D communication over novel multicluster two‐wave and multi‐cluster fluctuating two‐ray channels
Authors: Mehdi Haider , Hussain Zakir , Rabbani Muhammad Junaid , Atif Saleem Syed Muhammad , Ahmed Syed Areeb
Published: December 2024

A decode and forward relay assisted device‐to‐device (D2D) communications over a novel multicluster two‐wave (MTW) fading is analysed with Terahertz (THz) channel conditions. Co‐channel interference (CCI) over a recently proposed multi‐cluster fluctuating two‐ray (MFTR) fading is also present at relay and receiver. Maximal ratio combining (MRC) and power harvesting based on power splitting are present at relay and receiver. A characteristic function based approach is used here to derive success probability, outage probability and capacity with outage expressions. The expressions depend on THz channel parameters, distances between various nodes in D2D system, power harvesting parameter and fading channel conditions. The system is numerically analysed under various D2D network conditions.
Continuous‐wave and cavity‐dumped 1064 nm Nd:YVO4 laser based on the magneto‐optical effect
Authors: Zhong Jia‐Rui , Zhang Ting
Published: December 2024

In this paper, continuous‐wave and cavity‐dumped Nd:YVO4 lasers are studied. Firstly, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the output characteristics of a continuous‐wave laser based on the magneto‐optical effect are analysed using the rate equation. The continuous adjustment of output power and pump threshold power is realised using the magneto‐optical effect to rotate the polarisation direction of laser. The theoretical simulation results show that the output power of the laser could be effectively controlled under different magnetic field intensities. On this basis, the authors explore the cavity‐dumped laser system based on the magneto‐optical effect. By adjusting the intensity of the magnetic field and rising edge time, the pulse width and waveform could be flexibly adjusted. The relationship between the magnetic field intensity in the low Q period and the spot radius of the pump and the signal beam and the output energy and the output pulse waveform is analysed. These research results lay a foundation for further optimising the design and application of magneto‐optical effect lasers.
Concept and theoretical performance analysis for decentralised digital synchronisation in distributed radar sensor networks
Authors: Kenney Russell H. , Metcalf Justin G. , McDaniel Jay W.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a decentralised technique for achieving frequency, time, and phase synchronisation of platforms cooperating in a distributed radar sensor network. The proposed method is advantageous for existing digital radar systems as it can be implemented entirely in the software without the use of additional RF hardware required by other techniques. The synchronisation signal model for signals transmitted and received in various clock domains is presented and an estimation model is subsequently derived for estimating and correcting the clock drifts. A modified version of a previously developed phase and clock bias correction procedure is outlined for correcting time and phase after frequency synchronisation. A comprehensive theoretical performance analysis of the technique is performed in which the expected maximum achievable performance is derived in terms of the Cramér–Rao lower bound for frequency, time, and phase measurements. Multiple Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed technique approaches this performance limit. Finally, a simulated distributed transmit beamforming scenario is provided to show the application of the proposed technique in a practical system architecture. The results of this show that as the signal‐to‐noise ratio approaches moderate levels, the proposed synchronisation technique enables the beamforming network to achieve nearly optimal coherent energy gain at the beamforming destination.
Gradient descent based dynamic optimization for VSG dominated microgrid
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Decheng , Zhang Qun , Du Jian , Wang Qinshan , Wang Qiong
Published: December 2024

As the integration of distributed generation units into the power grid continues to grow, the system becomes increasingly vulnerable to power fluctuations and potential failures, which significantly challenge grid stability. Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) have emerged as a key technology to enhance grid stability by emulating the behavior of traditional synchronous generators. However, with multiple VSGs operating within independent microgrids, coordinating their control parameters becomes critical to ensuring stable and reliable operation. This article proposes an optimization method based on the gradient descent algorithm to fine‐tune the control parameters of multiple VSGs in independent microgrids. A small‐signal model for microgrids with multiple VSGs is developed to analyze the system's dynamic behavior under small disturbances. The proposed method optimizes VSG control parameters to improve the frequency and voltage dynamic response and enhance the overall system stability. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed multi‐VSG control parameter optimization method significantly enhances the frequency and voltage dynamic response, as well as the stability of the independent microgrid under small disturbances, offering a practical solution for improving microgrid performance in real‐world applications.
The transition from slow to fast wind as observed in composition observations
Authors: Alterman B. L. , Rivera Y. J. , Lepri S. T. , Raines J. M.
Published: December 2024

Context. The solar wind is typically categorized as fast and slow based on the measured speed (vsw). The separation between these two regimes is often set between 400 and 600 km s−1 without a rigorous definition. Observations with vsw above this threshold are considered “fast” and are typically considered to come from polar regions, that is, coronal holes. Observations with vsw below this threshold speed are considered “slow” wind and typically considered to originate outside of coronal holes. Observations of the solar wind’s kinetic signatures, chemical makeup, charge state properties, and Alfvénicity suggest that such a two-state model may be insufficiently nuanced to capture the relationship between the solar wind and its solar sources. As heavy ion composition ratios are unchanged once the solar wind leaves the Sun, they serve as a key tool for connecting in situ observations to their solar sources. Helium (He) is the most abundant solar wind ion heavier than hydrogen (H). Long-duration observations from the Wind Solar Wind Experiment (SWE) Faraday cups show that the solar wind helium abundance has two distinct gradients at speeds above and below ∼400 km s−1. This is a key motivator for identifying the separation between fast and slow wind at such a speed.

Aims. We test this two-state fast–slow solar wind paradigm with heavy ion abundances (X/H) and characterize how the transition between fast and slow wind states impacts heavy ion in the solar wind.

Methods. We study the variation in the gradients of the helium and heavy ion abundances as a function of the solar wind speed and characterize how the gradient of each abundance changes in fast and slow wind. We calculate vsw as the proton or hydrogen bulk speed. The work uses Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) heavy ion observations collected by the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) from 1998 to 2011. We compare the helium abundance observed by ACE/SWICS to the helium abundance observed by Wind/SWE to show that the results are consistent with prior work.

Results. We show that (1) the speed at which heavy ion abundances indicate a change between fast and slow solar wind as a function of speed is slower than the speed indicated by the helium abundance; (2) this speed is independent of heavy ion mass and charge state; (3) the abundance at which heavy ions indicate the transition between fast and slow wind is consistent with prior observations of fast wind abundances; (4) and there may be a mass or charge-state dependent fractionation process present in fast wind heavy ion abundances.

Conclusions. We infer that (1) identifying slow solar wind as having a speed of vsw ≲ 400 km s−1 may mix solar wind from polar and equatorial sources; (2) He may be impacted by the acceleration necessary for the solar wind to reach the asymptotic fast, non-transient values observed at 1 AU; and (3) heavy ions are fractionated in the fast wind by a yet-to-be-determined mechanism.
The ALMA-CRISTAL Survey
Authors: Ikeda Ryota , Tadaki Ken-ichi , Mitsuhashi Ikki , Aravena Manuel , De Looze Ilse , Förster Schreiber Natascha M. , González-López Jorge , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Spilker Justin , Barcos-Muñoz Loreto , Bowler Rebecca A. A. , Calistro Rivera Gabriela , da Cunha Elisabete , Davies Rebecca , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Ferrara Andrea , Killi Meghana , Lee Lilian L. , Li Juno , Lutz Dieter , Posses Ana , Smit Renske , Solimano Manuel , Telikova Kseniia , Übler Hannah , Veilleux Sylvain , Villanueva Vicente
Published: December 2024

We investigate the spatial extent and structure of the [C II] line emission in a sample of 34 galaxies at z = 4 − 6 from the [C II] Resolved ISM in STar-forming galaxies with ALMA (CRISTAL) Survey. By modeling the distribution of the [C II] line emission in the interferometric visibility data directly, we derive the effective radius of [C II] line emission assuming an exponential profile. These measurements comprise not only isolated galaxies but also interacting systems that were identified thanks to the high spatial resolution of the data. The [C II] line radius ranges from 0.5 to 3.5 kpc with an average value of ⟨Re, [CII]⟩ = 1.90 kpc. We compare the [C II] sizes with the sizes of rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) and far-infrared (FIR) continua, which were measured from the HST F160W images and ALMA Band-7 continuum images, respectively. We confirm that the [C II] line emission is more spatially extended than the continuum emission, with average size ratios of ⟨Re, [CII]/Re, UV⟩ = 2.90 and ⟨Re, [CII]/Re, FIR⟩ = 1.54, although about half of the FIR-detected sample shows a comparable spatial extent between the [C II] line and the FIR continuum emission (Re, [CII] ≈ Re, FIR). The residual visibility data of the best-fit model do not show statistical evidence of flux excess, indicating that the [C II] line emission in star-forming galaxies can be characterized by an extended exponential disk profile. Overall, our results suggest that the spatial extent of [C II] line emission can primarily be explained by photodissociation regions associated with star formation activity, while the contribution from diffuse neutral medium (atomic gas) and the effects of past merger events may further expand the [C II] line distributions, causing their variations among our sample. Finally, we report the negative correlation between the [C II] surface density (Σ[CII]) and the Lyα equivalent width (EWLyα), and a possible negative correlation between Re, [CII]/Re, UV and EWLyα, which may be in line with the scenario that atomic gas component largely contributes to the extended [C II] line emission. Future three-dimensional analysis of Lyα and Hα lines will shed light on the association of the extended [C II] line emission with atomic gas and outflows.
A BCool survey of stellar magnetic cycles
Authors: Bellotti S. , Petit P. , Jeffers S. V. , Marsden S. C. , Morin J. , Vidotto A. A. , Folsom C. P. , See V. , do Nascimento J.-D.
Published: December 2024

Context. The magnetic cycle on the Sun consists of two consecutive 11-yr sunspot cycles and exhibits a polarity reversal around sunspot maximum. Although solar dynamo theories have progressively become more sophisticated, the details as to how the dynamo sustains magnetic fields are still the subject of research. Observing the magnetic fields of Sun-like stars can bring useful insights to contextualise the solar dynamo.

Aims. With the long-term spectropolarimetric monitoring of stars, the BCool survey studies the evolution of surface magnetic fields to understand how dynamo-generated processes are influenced by key ingredients, such as mass and rotation. Here, we focus on six Sun-like stars with masses between 1.02 and 1.06 M⊙ and with rotation periods of 3.5–21 d (or 0.3–1.8 in Rossby numbers), a practical sample with which to study magnetic cycles across distinct activity levels.

Methods. We analysed high-resolution spectropolarimetric data collected with ESPaDOnS, Narval, and Neo-Narval between 2007 and 2024 within the BCool programme. We measured longitudinal magnetic field from least-squares deconvolution line profiles and we inspected its long-term behaviour with both a Lomb-Scargle periodogram and a Gaussian process. We then applied Zeeman-Doppler imaging to reconstruct the large-scale magnetic field geometry at the stellar surface for different epochs.

Results. Two of our slow rotators, namely HD 9986 and HD 56124 (Prot ∼ 20 d), exhibit repeating polarity reversals in the radial or toroidal field component on shorter timescales than the Sun (5–6 yr). HD 73350 (Prot ∼ 12 d) has one polarity reversal in the toroidal component and HD 76151 (Prot = 17 d) may have short-term evolution (2.5 yr) modulated by the long-term (16 yr) chromospheric cycle. Our two fast rotators, HD 166435 and HD 175726 (Prot = 3 − 5 d), manifest complex magnetic fields without an evident cyclic evolution.

Conclusions. Our findings indicate the potential dependence of the magnetic cycles’ nature on the stellar rotation period. For the two stars with likely cycles, the polarity reversal timescale seems to decrease with a decreasing rotation period or Rossby number. These results represent important observational constraints for dynamo models of solar-like stars.