bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Uncertainty: Potential Medical Applications of the Heston Model of Financial Stochastic Volatility
Authors: Heston Thomas F
Published: November 2023

The Heston model, widely used in financial markets to characterize
stochastic volatility, may have innovative applications to predict
volatility in medicine and healthcare. This article hypothesizes
potential uses of the Heston model to quantify volatility in
epidemiology, pharmacology, healthcare operations, medical imaging, and
biological systems. Conceptually, the ability of the model to quantify
unpredictability could provide insight into complex medical processes
with inherent variability. Specific ideas proposed include modeling
disease spread dynamics, optimizing personalized drug dosing,
forecasting healthcare service demand, analyzing signal fluctuations in
medical images, and elucidating variability in biological systems such
as heart rate and neural activity. However, significant research and
rigorous testing would be required to determine the feasibility and
validity of applying the Heston model in these contexts. Tailoring the
model to capture many interacting variables in biological and medical
systems poses challenges. Nonetheless, the hypothetical connections
between the Heston model’s capabilities to predict volatility and
potential medical applications merit further exploration.
Faster, Taller, Better: Transit Improvements and Land Use Policies
Authors: Chen Liming , Hasan Rana , Jiang Yi , Parkhomenko Andrii
Published: November 2023

This paper examines how the effects of transit improvements vary with land use policies using the case of Bengaluru, one of India’s largest cities with a metro system and subject to low floor-area ratios. We build a quantitative spatial model and show that the metro system increases citywide output and welfare, even net of costs. However, the net gains are several times larger when floor-area ratio limits are relaxed near metro stations (transit-oriented development) or in the city center.
Effect of soil tillage on soil organic matter in a clay field
Authors:   Ondokuz Mayıs University, Soil Science and Plan Nutrition Department, Samsun, Turkey, Gülser Coşkun
Published: November 2023

In this study, effect of soil tillage on spatial variability of soil organic matter content (OM) in a clay field was determined by geostatistical method. The clay field was cultivated using a mouldboard plough at a depth of 15 cm. After conventional tillage, soil samples were taken from a square grid at 5 m spacing of a 30 x 30 m2 plot selected in the clay field. Soil OM contents of the samples varied between 2.03 % and 2.98 %. Clay content (31.48 to 43.97 %), bulk density (BD) (1.12 to 1.41 g/cm3), total porosity (F) (46.79 to 57.73 %), volumetric water content (θ) (19.64 to 43.86%), soil pH (6.47 to 7.40) and electrical conductivity (EC) (0.31 to 0.80 dS/m) values also showed variations among the soil samples. In kriging interpolation for the spatial variability of SOM, the biggest r2 (0.766) and the smallest RSS (0.0013) values were determined with Gaussian model. Spatial dependences of the SOM was strong in the field with 6.4 of nugget/sill ratio. The semivariogram of SOM showed spatial dependence with a range of 157.61 m. SOM had significant positive correlations with clay (0.365**), F (0.287*) and significant negative correlations with BD (-0.286*), θ (-0.362*) and silt (-0.429**) content. This study showed there is a spatial variability of SOM in arable fields, it can be predicted for precision agricultural practices and monitoring organic carbon in global warming researches by geostatistically. Keywords: Soil organic matter, tillage, soil properties, spatial variability, kriging
Enhancing the Efficacy of Allium (Garlic) Extract and Maize-Legume Intercropping Agroecological Practices in Mitigating the Fall Armyworm Damage on Maize
Authors:   University of Buea, Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Buea, Cameroon, Eboh Kizito S. , Agbor David T. ,   University of Buea, Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Buea, Cameroon, Sama Desmond K. ,   University of Buea, Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Buea, Cameroon, Bambe Betrand A. S. ,   University of Buea, Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Buea, Cameroon, Tanyi Gregory T. ,   University of Buea, Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Buea, Cameroon, Tening Aaron S. ,   University of Buea, Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Buea, Cameroon
Published: November 2023

Several biotic and abiotic variables limit the maize yield in Africa. The fall armyworm (FAW), a new invasive pest in Africa, and particularly in Cameroon, has exacerbated the problem. This study was done to demonstrate the fall armyworm control on maize in an intercrop system with legumes, and the locally made organic Allium (garlic) emulsion. In this study, a field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments (control, insecticide, Allium (garlic), maize dwarf-bean, maize-dwarf bean insecticide, maize-dwarf bean Allium (garlic), maize-cowpea, maize-cowpea insecticide and maize-cowpea Allium (garlic) and three replicates. Maize vegetative data (plant height, stem girth, and number of leaves) were collected, as well as pest occurrence and severity (fall armyworm) and maize yield. The best outcomes for the fall armyworm control in this study came from maize intercropped with legumes (dwarf bean and cowpea), in combination with either synthetic insecticides or the locally made organic garlic emulsion. Control had the most damaged plants for FAW (14) and the number of damaged plants differed significantly (P< 0.05) across treatments. The highest number of FAW (4 FAW) were found in the control, which differed significantly (P<0.05) across treatments. The maize grain yield ranged from 2.1 tha-1 to 5.7 tha-1 and differed significantly across treatments (P<0.05), with the highest yields (5.7 tha-1) in the maize-cowpea insecticide and maize-cowpea garlic treatments, and the lowest yields (2.1 tha-1) in the control. Conclusively, the maize intercrop with legumes and the locally made organic Allium (garlic) emulsion served as sustainable alternative to the synthetic pesticide that effectively controlled FAW without jeopardizing environmental sustainability and increased maize yield. Keywords: Allium (garlic) botanical, pest incidence, pest severity, fall armyworm (FAW), yield, maize, intercropping.
Green conditionality and eco-schemes in the CAP Strategic Plan of Bulgaria
Authors:   Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Shukadarova Nataliya
Published: November 2023

Bulgaria's CAP Strategic Plan for developing agriculture and rural areas for 2023 – 2027 is implemented for the first year by farmers, with the campaign for submitting support applications ending in July 2023. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether Bulgarian grain producers encounter challenges regarding the compliance and implementation of the "green architecture" within the framework of direct payments under the Strategic Plan. In this regard, the possibilities of the grain producers in terms of compliance with the mandatory standards for the good agricultural and ecological condition of the land, as well as the farmers’ attitude to participate in one-year voluntary eco-schemes, were investigated. The survey results show that the most significant difficulties for grain producers are registered in compliance with standards for minimum soil cover to avoid bare soil in periods and areas that are most sensitive and for a minimum share of arable land devoted to non-productive areas and features. Surprisingly, the survey shows significant interest in grain producers' participation in an eco-scheme to reduce the use of pesticides. The worrying results of the research are that amongst the country's producers of grain and oil crops, farmers who did not apply for support under the basic scheme have been identified. Also, part of the grain producers would refuse to participate in support under the European funds because of the increased environmental requirements. Moreover, cereal producers who would give up agricultural activity if the environmental requirements for farmers are further increased have also been identified. Keywords: CAP Strategic Plan, green architecture, green conditionality, GAECs, eco-schemes, grain producers
Challenges in surgery of deep burns
Authors: Certic Biljana , Dimkic-Milenkovic Andjela , Jovanovic Milan
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Full-thickness burns pose a significant challenge in terms of surgical management, particularly when concurrent trauma of other organs is involved. Traditional treatment of deep burns includes early excision or debridement of necrotic tissue, followed by skin grafting or flap reconstruction. There are numerous challenges such as poor overall general condition, polytrauma, questionable wound bed viability, limited donor sites. Thus, we have to consider skin substitutes. INTEGRAR is an acellular dermal substitute which creates a native dermis. The aim of this case was to share our experience of the treatment by skin substitutes in a polytraumatized burn patient. Case outline. We present a case report of a 46-year-old man with severe work-related contact burn wounds associated with multiple rib and vertebral fractures, as well as lungs contusion with localized bilateral hemothorax. Patient suffered from third-degree burns to the lower extremities, extending to scrotal and gluteal area, which included 15% of the total body surface area. The patient underwent early excision of necrotic tissues with subsequent skin autografting on the right leg; however, due to partial failure of autografts, we had to perform allografting followed by autografting because of limited local donor sites and poor general condition. Successive debridement and partial osteotomy resulted in the left knee defect with exposed patella. Therefore, in order to reconstruct the consequent defect and prevent joint contracture, the defect was finally covered by INTEGRAR. Conclusion. Our experience has highlighted that INTEGRAR prevents functional disability and furthermore, it leads to optimal aesthetic results.
Primary subtalar arthrodesis with percutaneous screw fixation and bone grafting through mini-open sinus tarsi approach for sanders type IV bilateral calcaneal fracture - three-year follow-up case report
Authors: Jovanovic Zelimir , Miceta Lazar , Jovanovic Nemanja , Jeremic Danilo , Slavkovic Nemanja
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Calcaneus fractures are rare but potentially debilitating injuries. Most of them are displaced intraarticular fractures, whose management is among controversial issues. There is no consensus on whether to operate or not. The most often chosen surgical treatment is open reduction and internal fixation as the primary method. Failure of this surgery often needs secondary subtalar arthrodesis as definitive management, so primary subtalar arthrodesis in cases with severe comminution represents definitive treatment in one stage with good functional results. Case outline. We present a case of a 54-year-old male patient with a severely comminuted (Sanders type IV) bilateral calcaneus fracture. After the withdrawal of local swelling and disappearance of fracture blisters, the patient was operated on using one-stage bilateral subtalar arthrodesis with percutaneous screw fixation and bone grafting performed through a mini-open sinus tarsi approach. The early postoperative period was uneventful. The patient did not walk for the first seven postoperative weeks, after which rehabilitation was continued with partial weight bearing with a gradual increase of weight-bearing to full over the next five weeks, after which walking aids were completely phased out. Three years after surgery, the patient has no symptoms and has a close-to-normal gait. Conclusion. Although this type of injury has traditionally been treated with open reduction and internal fixation, we believe that primary subtalar arthrodesis with bone grafting through a mini-open sinus tarsi approach can benefit patients with severe comminution of calcaneus, allowing good functional results and patient satisfaction, with fewer postoperative complications and faster definitive recovery.
Methylglyoxal Adducts Are Prognostic Biomarkers for Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lai Seigmund Wai Tsuen , Hernandez-Castillo Carlos , Gonzalez Edwin De Jesus Lopez , Zoukari Tala , Talley Min , Paquin Nadia , Chen Zhuo , Roep Bart O. , Kaddis John S. , Natarajan Rama , Termini John , Shuck Sarah C.
Published: November 2023

More than 30% of patients with type 1 diabetes develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which significantly increases mortality risk. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and follow-up study, Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC), established that glycemic control measured by HbA1c predicts DKD risk. However, the continued high incidence of DKD reinforces the urgent need for additional biomarkers to supplement HbA1c. Here, we assessed biomarkers induced by methylglyoxal (MG), a metabolic by-product that forms covalent adducts on DNA, RNA, and proteins, called MG adducts. Urinary MG adducts were measured in samples from patients with type 1 diabetes enrolled in DCCT/EDIC who did (case patients; n = 90) or did not (control patients; n = 117) develop DKD. Univariate and multivariable analyses revealed that measurements of MG adducts independently predict DKD before established DKD biomarkers such as glomerular filtration rate and albumin excretion rate. Elevated levels of MG adducts bestowed the greatest risk of developing DKD in a multivariable model that included HbA1c and other clinical covariates. Our work establishes a novel class of biomarkers to predict DKD risk and suggests that inclusion of MG adducts may be a valuable tool to improve existing predictors of complications like DKD prior to overt disease, and to aid in identifying at-risk individuals and personalized risk management.

Article Highlights
Roadmap to the Effective Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Primary Care
Authors: Martens Thomas W.
Published: November 2023

Diabetes technology has undergone a remarkable evolution in the past decade, with dramatic improvements in accuracy and ease of use. Continuous glucose monitor (CGM) technology, in particular, has evolved, and coevolved with widely available consumer smartphone technology, to provide a unique opportunity to both improve management and decrease the burden of management for populations across nearly the entire spectrum of people living with diabetes. Capitalizing on that opportunity, however, will require both adoption of and adaptations to the use of CGM technology in the broader world of primary care. This article focuses on mechanisms to expand pathways to optimized glycemic management, thereby creating a robust roadway capable of improving care across broad populations managed in primary care settings. Recent expansions in access to devices combined with improved mechanisms for data access at the time of primary care visits and improved training and evolving systems of support within primary care, hold potential to improve glycemic management in diabetes across the health care spectrum.
Roadmap to the Effective Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnancy
Authors: Murphy Helen R.
Published: November 2023

The landscape for managing type 1 diabetes during pregnancy has been transformed by increasing use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Women are aiming for pregnancy-specific glucose targets or 70% time in range for pregnancy (TIRp; 63–140 mg/dL) as soon as possible, knowing that every extra 5% TIRp has benefits for reducing the risks of complications in their babies. Ongoing monitoring of maternal A1C (at pregnancy confirmation and at 20, 28, and 36 weeks’ gestation) remains useful. Intensification of glycemic management and instruction in using CGM (if not already used) is recommended for individuals with an A1C >6.0% after 20 weeks. A better understanding of CGM-documented glycemic changes throughout pregnancy is needed to inform future management of gestational diabetes and pregnancy in people with type 2 diabetes. Research regarding overcoming barriers to CGM use and optimal TIRp targets for pregnant individuals with type 2 diabetes from diverse racial/ethnic groups is urgently needed.
Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Impact Resistance of High Manganese Steels
Authors: Yıldırım Hakan , Erdin M. Emin , Özgedik Ali
Published: November 2023

High manganese steels are widely used as wear- and impact-resistant materials in many areas, especially in the mining, construction, cement, and metallurgy sectors, where it is extremely important to be able to work safely in high-stress conditions as well as resistance to abrasion under heavy loading conditions thanks to their unique work-hardening performance. At this point, the carbon and manganese ratio of the material has a considerable influence on the microstructure of the cast part after the heat treatment. Therefore, heat treatment conditions have to be determined appropriately depending on the chemical composition of the material. In this study, heat treatment processes were applied to high manganese steel specimens having GX120MnCr18-2 DIN standard at various austenitizing temperatures between 1030~1100 oC. The specimens were examined under an optical microscope and SEM/EDS analyses were performed. Impact resistance and hardness values of the above-mentioned specimens were measured via the tests performed with TS EN ISO 148-1 and TS EN 130 6508-1 standards, respectively. From these investigations, it was determined that the carbide solubility increased as the austenitizing temperature increased while the impact resistance first increased and then decreased.
Dancing with devils: Carl Orff and National Socialism revisited
Authors: Kertz-Welzel Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Orff’s work, particularly Carmina Burana and the Schulwerk, has been popular for many decades. But since Orff established himself as a successful composer and educator during the Third Reich, there has always been the issue of his relation to National Socialism. Historical research has so far presented an unclear picture, oscillating between seeing him as a supporter or a resistance fighter. Most recent research offers much more complex perspectives. The purpose of this article is to utilize the most recently published German research to revise the notion the international music education community has of Orff’s connection with National Socialism.
Addressing gender inequality in and through music composing studies
Authors: Partti Heidi , Devaney Kirsty
Published: November 2023

Composing remains a male-dominated field within the domain of Western art music. Through analysis of two case studies of composing education schemes in Finland (Equity in Composing/Yhdenvertaisesti säveltäen), and England (Young Composers Project), this paper seeks to better understand how music education may play a role in addressing and alleviating gender inequality in music composing. Thematic analysis of qualitative data identified three ways in which the two educational projects addressed issues related to inequality in composing, namely by (1) challenging narrow perceptions of “The Composer”; (2) addressing the lack of diverse role models; and (3) introducing diverse pedagogical approaches in composing. The findings illustrate how music education has the potential to challenge narrow and stereotypical perceptions of what it is to become and be a composer, and provide alternative and more diverse narratives.
Acute, Chronic, and Latent Infection with (Re)Activation Melioidosis
Authors: Agarwal Arun , Samota Rajesh , Agarwal Aakanksha , Shrivastava Utkarsh , Godara Sunil
Published: November 2023

Melioidosis can present as an acute as well as chronic disease and can be fatal. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common risk factors for acquiring this infectious disease.We present a case of a 36-year-old diabetic male patient who presented in March 2022 with acute severe melioidosis and later developed chronic melioidosis. He did not take complete treatment and presented again in January 2023 with features of Latent infection with reactivation. The blood and pus culture showed positive results for Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei). The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in addition to antimicrobial treatment with meropenem and later ceftazidime therapy played an effective role in the recovery of the patient. In this case report we present the acute and chronic manifestations with which he reported along with management of the case, review the literature on the impaired immunity in type 2 diabetic patient in melioidosis, latent infection with (re)activation, the suggested role of G-CSF and antimicrobial therapy.
Sunlight in the Mirror of Mithraism
Authors: Azimi Mohammadreza
Published: November 2023

Sunlight carried an extensive tapestry of significance in Mithraism, indicating divine strength, illumination, spiritual rebirth, and ethical instruction. It was a deep metaphor for the riddles of life, death, and the search for heavenly understanding, not just a physical phenomenon. With its sophisticated rituals and symbolic language, the Mithraic Mysteries employed sunlight as a potent tool to transmit spiritual concepts and assist initiates on their transformational journey from the dark into the bright light of Mithras. While Mithraism’s exact practices have mostly gone into history, the symbolic importance of sunshine in this ancient religion remains brilliant in religious studies, shedding light on the continuing human yearning for spiritual illumination and enlightenment. One of the most prominent and recurring symbols in Mithraism was sunlight, which held deep symbolic meaning for its practitioners. In this paper, we will explore the significance of sunlight in Mithraism, examining how it represented various aspects of this enigmatic faith. This study investigates the symbolic meaning of sunshine in the context of Mithraism, examining its various interpretations and functions in this mysterious faith’s spiritual and intellectual landscape.
PRESENTATION PRACTICE PRODUCTION VS TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING: A COMPARISON OF TWO TEACHING TEMPLATES
Authors: Pratista Ganang Yudha
Published: November 2023

A number of statements are addressed to defend and criticize two popular teaching templates: Presentation Practice Production (PPP) and Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT). Advocates of each teaching template claim that their method is more effectively to be implemented in English language teaching than the other. This article compares these teaching templates to find out their strengths and weaknesses. This paper is a library study. It employs theoretical analysis to examine experts, prominent figures, and previous important theories and findings on discussing the same topic. The idea of PPP is a deductive and teacher-centered approach with focuses mainly on accuracy by means of drilling practice. Meanwhile, TBLT encourages students to be communicative in the classroom through language input and pushes the teacher to be a facilitator. The result of the comparison indicates that using PPP is effective in preparing students to take exams or tests, while TBLT is useful to accommodate students’ real-life communicative purposes. As these teaching templates are effective in certain contexts, teachers should consider the learning goals before deciding to implement either PPP or TBLT.
KEBIJAKAN PEMANFAATAN ELECTRONIC TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT (ETLE) DI SATLANTAS SUKOHARJO
Authors: Aditya Pratama Sadam Ridho , Prasetiyo Wibowo Heru , Setyadi Yulianto Bambang
Published: November 2023

This study seeks to determine the policy regarding using Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) to maintain and enhance traffic orders. ETLE is based on Law (UU) Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation and Government Regulation (PP) Number 80 of 2012 concerning Procedures for Inspecting Motorized Vehicles on the Road and Enforcement of Traffic and Road Transportation Violations. From October 2022 to February 2023, this research was conducted at the state police of the Republic of Indonesia in Central Java Resor Sukoharjo. To observe and comprehend the subjects and objects of study, the researcher employs a qualitative descriptive method based on observations made in the field. During and after data collection, data collection techniques, such as observation, interviews, and documentation, are combined with data analysis, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion or verification drawing. As evidenced by the recapitulation of 16,538 violation cases in Sukoharjo, the results demonstrated the public's need for more understanding regarding electronic fines and discipline in maintaining driving order must be improved. Additional socialization efforts are required to maintain traffic order and reduce instances of these violations. Replacing conventional ticketing with electronic ticketing, or ETLE, will result in more equitable, transparent, and efficient public services. To support security, order, safety, and order in traffic, the benefits can be felt by all levels of society simultaneously.
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN PESERTA DIDIK BERBASIS SEKOLAH DI TK ISLAM TERATAI PUTIH GLOBAL BEKASI
Authors: Ermawati Eka , Murniarti Erni , Sihotang Hotmaulina
Published: November 2023

Student management is an arrangement and regulation of all activities related to students starting from the entry of students to the exit of these students from a school or educational institution. Student management activities are an important part that must be considered in the implementation of educational activities in schools. This aims to find out how student management plans, to find out how student learning is implemented, and to find out how learning evaluation is applied in the Lotus Putih Islamic Kindergarten Global School Bekasi. This study used qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out using unstructured interviews/interviews and documentation. Sources of research data were obtained from school principals, vice principals, group A teachers, group B teachers, education staff, committees and guardians of students. The results of this study indicate that the Implementation of Student Management in the Teratai Putih Islamic Kindergarten Global School Bekasi has been well implemented. Student management aims to regulate student activities in learning and create a good school environment. It is concluded that student management indicators can analyze the needs of students starting from student acceptance to the orientation stage including discipline coaching and evaluation of learning outcomes at school
IMPLEMENTASI PERMAINAN ENGMETRI (ENGKLENG GEOMETRI) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL GEOMETRI ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI BA ‘AISYIYAH KAPONAN II KAPONAN MLARAK PONOROGO
Authors: Kurofat Siti , Kristiana Dian , Muttaqin Muhammad Azam
Published: November 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana permainan engmetri (engkleng geometri) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal bentuk geometri di BA ‘Aisyiyah Kaponan II Mlarak Ponorogo. Bentuk geometri yang dikenalkan adalah segi empat, segitiga, dan lingkaran. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, dilakukan bekerja sama dengan guru kelas. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 11 anak, yang terdiri 6 laki-laki dan 5 perempuan. Objek penelitian adalah  permainan engmetri (engkleng geometri) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal bentuk geometri. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes lisan. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar observasi check list , dokumentasi, dan panduan tes lisan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif dan analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan secara bertahap pada kemampuan mengenal bentuk geometri dengan bermain engmetri (engkleng geometri). Peningkatan kemampuan mengenal bentuk geometri terlihat dari indikator kemampuan anak Menyebut dan menunjukkan bentuk-bentuk geometri, Mengelompokkan bentuk-bentuk geometri (lingkaran, segitiga dan persegi), Menyebut dan menunjuk benda-benda yang berbentuk geometri, Mendiskripsikan bentuk geometri. Peningkatan kemampuan anak dalam mengenal bentuk geometri melalui permainan engmetri (engkleng geometri) tersebut dapat dilihat dari adanya peningkatan persentase dari tahap Pra Tindakan  dan setelah dilakukan tindakan kelas. Hasil observasi pada tahap Pra Tindakan anak berkembang sesuai harapan dan berkembang sangat baik hanya 1 orang anak atau 9,1%, setelah dilakukannya tindakan siklus I meningkat menjadi 6 orang anak atau 54,5% dan pada siklus II meningkat lebih baik lagi menjadi 10 orang anak atau 90,9 %.
OPTIMALISASI BAHAN AJAR MATA KULIAH STATISTIKA MELALUI PEMBUATAN MODUL STUDI KASUS BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Fauzi Ilham Saiful , Selviana Vuvut , Bakhrudin Bakhrudin
Published: November 2023

In line with the goals of vocational education and the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution, Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has become one of the alternatives to enhance the quality of learning, with the hope that students can develop critical thinking skills to solve real-life problems. The approach used in this research is a development research approach based on the modified Plomp development model. Validation results indicate that the module meets the validity criteria with an average score of 3.60, with some revisions related to writing. Product testing was conducted with 24 students from 4 different classes. Research subjects were selected considering their heterogeneous cognitive abilities. Case study work was done in groups, with each group consisting of 3 students. The trial results show that the module meets practical criteria with an average score of 3.76. Therefore, the case study module for the statistics course is deemed suitable for use in learning.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BUKU MATEMATIKA BERGAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI NUMERASI SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Purwaningrum Jayanti Putri , Kusmanto Agung Slamet , Ahyani Latifah Nur , Purwoko Riawan Yudi
Published: November 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan produk berupa buku matematika bergambar yang valid dan praktis, serta menyebarluaskannya kepada pengguna sebagai upaya pengembangan pembangunan pendidikan berkelanjutan melalui program peningkatan literasi numerasi dan penguatan implementasi kurikulum merdeka di sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan pengembangan atau Reseach and Development (RD). Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan di kelas IV SD pada salah sekolah yang ada di Kabupaten Kudus. Sebelum produk diujicobakan secara terbatas di sekolah maka dilakukan kegiatan validasi terlebih dahulu kepada tiga pakar yakni pakar konten matematika, pakar kebahasaan dan pakar media pembelajaran. Hal ini dilakukan agar prouk yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan apa yang menjadi tujuan penelitian. Untuk melihat keefektifan dari produk yang dikembangkan maka dilakukan analisis n-gain ternormalisasi. Hasil dari uji coba skala terbatas diperoleh data bahwa produk berupa buku matematika bergambar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa kelas IV dengan kategori sedang. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai referensi penelitian lain dalam melaksanakan kegiatan penelitian lanjutan misalnya dalam pembuatan media pembelajaran berupa komik 3D untuk siswa diskalkulia atau siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar dalam matematik.
RECRUITMENT OF SCLERACTINIA AROUND THE CORAL GARDEN NUSA DUA REEF FOUNDATION, NUSA DUA, BALI
Authors: Sitompul Kezia Ruth Marganti , Yuni Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma , Subagio Job Nico
Published: November 2023

Terumbu karang merupakan salah satu ekosistem yang memiliki peran penting bagi manusia. Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki ekosistem terumbu karang terluas di dunia, namun kondisi tutupan terumbu karang yang dinyatakan buruk tidak sedikit. Nusa Dua merupakan salah satu perairan yang dipilih menjadi tempat dilakukannya upaya rehabilitasi karang. Upaya transplantasi karang serta perawatannya telah dilakukan oleh Nusa Dua Reef Foundation (NDRF) di coral garden, Nusa Dua selama tujuh tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh coral garden terhadap rekrutmen di perairan di sekitarnya dengan rekrutmen karang di kawasan sekitar coral garden NDRF. Rekrutmen karang diketahui dengan melihat jenis koloni rekrut dan densitasnya. Koloni rekrut ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode Underwater photo transect (UPT), kemudian dihitung densitasnya. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan 25 koloni rekrut karang alami dari tujuh genus dan enam suku. Spesies rekrut yang ditemukan yaitu Goniastrea sp., Pocillopora damicornis, Porites sp., Stylophora sp.1, Stylophora sp.2, Galaxea fascicularis, Montipora digitate, Psammocora sp. Spesies yang paling banyak ditemui koloni karang rekrutnya adalah Pocillopora damicornis. Densitas karang rekrut secara keseluruhan sebesar 0,65 koloni/m2 yang tergolong rendah.
Potensi Daun Lidah Buaya (Aloe Vera L.) sebagai Suplemen untuk Mengurangi Risiko Sindrom Ovarium Polikistik
Authors: Jessica Rianty Suhendi
Published: November 2023

Sindrom ovarium polikistik atau Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) merupakan gangguan dalam sistem endokrin yang mengakibatkan masalah kesuburan pada wanita yang berada dalam usia produktif. Penyebab dasar dari PCOS adalah tingginya rasio luteinizing hormone terhadap hormon perangsang folikel serta peningkatan frekuensi gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Wanita dengan PCOS sering mengalami disfungsi metabolik, obesitas, infertilitas dan meningkatkan risiko komplikasi kehamilan. Salah satu terapi yang dapat digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan obat-obatan herbal seperti suplemen. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas terapeutik untuk mengurangi risiko PCOS adalah lidah buaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan dan potensi daun lidah buaya sebagai suplemen untuk mengurangi penyakit PCOS. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur dengan merujuk kepada jurnal-jurnal nasional dan internasional yang relevan dengan tujuan penelitian. Didapatkan hasil penelitian bahwa daun lidah buaya memiliki kandungan kimia yaitu, antrakuinon, polisakarida, mannan asetat, kromon, dan polifenol. Senyawa aktif tersebut mampu menurunkan risiko dari PCOS secara signifikan dan mempunyai efektivitas yang sebanding dengan obat terapi PCOS. Simpulan menunjukkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif daun lidah buaya yang sudah diuji secara in vivo memiliki potensi untuk mengurangi risiko sindrom ovarium polikistik secara signifikan, dan dapat menjadi kandidat suplemen yang berpotensi dalam mengatasi PCOS.
Mekanisme Anti-Hipertensi dari Bunga Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) dalam Pengobatan Berbasis Bahan Alam: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ni Pande Kadek Sinta Dewi  , I Wayan Martadi Santika
Published: November 2023

Hipertensi merupakan suatu penyakit yang ditandai dengan tingginya tekanan darah berupa tekanan sistolik lebih dari 140 mmHg dan tekanan diastolik lebih dari 90 mmHg. Tingginya tekanan darah dapat menyebabkan beragam komplikasi serius apabila bersifat persisten dan tidak ditangani dengan terapi. Bunga rosela merupakan salah satu bahan pengobatan berbasis bahan alam yang berpotensi sebagai anti-hipertensi. Penulisan sistematik review artikel ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran senyawa pada bunga rosela yang berkontribusi terhadap aktivitas anti-hipertensi serta mekanisme kerjanya. Pencarian literatur komperhensif dilakukan melalui database elektronik berupa Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus dan Science Direct dengan kata kunci spesifik serta operator Boolean. Sebanyak 329 artikel ditemukan pada pencarian awal kemudian diseleksi kembali berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sehingga didapatkan sebanyak 21 artikel. Hasil review artikel menunjukkan bahwa bunga rosela mengandung senyawa flavonoid (antosianin, gossypetin, hibiscetin, kaempferol dan kuersetin), fenolik (asam klorogenat dan asam fenolat), asam organik (hibiscus acid, asam hidroksisitrat dan asam askorbat), polisakarida dan asam linoleat yang bertanggung jawab sebagai agen anti-hipertensi. Mekanisme anti- hipertensi dari bunga rosela yaitu dengan penghambatan ACE yang merubah angiotensin I menjadi angiotensin II, efek diuretik, penghambatan aliran kalsium ke otot jantung, peningkatan sekresi NO serta modulator aksi aldosteron. Berdasarkan studi literatur, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa bunga rosela memiliki mekanisme kerja yang efektif untuk pengobatan hipertensi. Studi lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui efek samping dan toksisitas dari bunga rosela.
Potensi Aktivitas dari Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) sebagai Antioksidan Alami dalam Bentuk Sediaan Tablet Effervescent
Authors: Putu Ayu Karunia Silawarti  , I Nyoman Mahesa Praba Adhyaksa
Published: November 2023

Antioksidan merupakan jenis senyawa dengan manfaat untuk menghambat radikal bebas dalam tubuh. Penyakit kronis serta degeneratif dapat dicegah dengan bantuan senyawa antioksidan. Senyawa yang mampu menghasilkan efek antioksidan dapat diperoleh di alam,misalnya pada bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.). Ekstrak bunga telang dilaporkan berpotensi menjadi antioksidan sebab memiliki beberapa metabolit sekunder, yaitu tanin, saponin, flavonoid, dan antosianin. Mengonsumsi langsung bunga telang dinilai kurang efektif, sehingga memerlukan suatu pengembangan dalam wujud sediaan supaya mudah dikonsumsi. Tablet effervescent merupakan sediaan yang mungkin untuk dikembangkan. Tujuan dibuatnya artikel adalah untuk memahami potensi bunga telang dalam bentuk tablet effervescent memiliki efek antioksidan. Dalam penulisan artikel digunakan metode literature review berupa pencarian Google Scholar (2018-2023). Berdasarkan penelusuran menggunakan Google Scholar ditemukan 31 review yang merujuk pada IC50 yang mana dihasilkan IC50 senilai 41,36 ppm pada ekstrak etanol bunga telang 70% yang tergolong antioksidan yang sangat kuat (nilai IC50 < 50 ppm) dengan. Oleh karena itu, bunga telang mengandung berbagai senyawa dengan efek antioksidan yang efektif. Menurut penelitian, ekstrak bunga telang yang dibuat dalam sediaan tablet effervescent menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang tergolong kuat. Oleh karena itu, ekstrak bunga telang yang terkandung dalam tablet effervescent berpotensi untuk menghambat radikal bebas pada tubuh sebagai antioksidan alami.
Potensi Tanaman Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) sebagai Antiinflamasi
Authors: Ni Made Sugi Pradnyasuari  , Anak Agung Gede Rai Yadnya Putra
Published: November 2023

Inflamasi merupakan respon sistem kekebalan tubuh terhadap kerusakan jaringan yang dapat disebabkan oleh trauma fisik, bahan kimia beracun, atau agen mikrobiologis. Tata laksana terapi yang digunakan dalam mengatasi inflamasi saat ini diketahui memiliki berbagai efek samping sehingga diperlukan alternatif terapi yang berasal dari bahan alam, terutama pada tanaman. Tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi adalah jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius L.). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan kandungan fitokimia dan nutrisi dari tanaman jeruju sehingga berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai nutrasetikal untuk mengatasi inflamasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur yang memanfaatkan artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan dalam jurnal internasional dan jurnal nasional berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria kemudian dianalisis dan data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dengan deskripsi secara naratif. Diperoleh hasil bahwa tanaman jeruju mengandung senyawa fitokimia seperti flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin, steroid, alkaloid, dan tannin. Ekstrak dari tanaman jeruju memiliki aktivitas sebagai antiinflamasi karena adanya kandungan fitokimia berupa senyawa flavonoid dan terpenoid. Mekanisme kerja kedua senyawa tersebut mengikut mekanisme kerja dari obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid. Ekstrak tanaman jeruju mampu mereduksi udema pada kaki mencit hingga lebih dari 40%. Pemberian dosis tunggal ekstrak tanaman jeruju pada tikus tidak menunjukan adanya tanda klinis dari toksisitas atau kematian. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak tanaman jeruju positif mengandung flavonoid dan terpenoid sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai nutrasetikal untuk mengatasi inflamasi.
Uji Kelarutan Flavonoid Ekstrak Kulit Salak Dalam Fase Minyak: Asam Oleat, Minyak Zaitun dan Isopropil Miristat
Authors: Florencya  , Ni Kadek Warditiani  , Made Tresia Pramasta Diva  , Kadek Desi Laminiati  , Gayatri Putu , Komang Ayu Ratih Tri Bhuwana Putri
Published: November 2023

Salak (Salacca zalacca) atau snake fruit merupakan buah asli Indonesia berjenis palma yang memiliki kulit bersisik berwarna coklat. Jenis salak yang banyak dibudidayakan di Bali yaitu salak bali dan salak gula pasir. Kulit salak mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki khasiat sebagai antioksidan, antimikroba, antidiabetes, antikanker, antihipertensi dan lainnya. Sistem penghantaran obat berbasis lipid seperti nanoemulsi dan SNEDDS (Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system) dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas dari senyawa flavonoid. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar flavonoid total pada ekstrak kulit salak bali dan salak gula pasir serta kelarutan flavonoid dalam beberapa jenis fase minyak. Kadar flavonoid total dan kelarutan flavonoid dilakukan pada fase minyak diukur menggunakan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimum (425 nm). Pengujian kelarutan flavonoid dilakukan pada asam oleat, minyak zaitun, dan isopropil miristat (IPM). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kulit salak bali memiliki kadar flavonoid total lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kulit salak gula pasir. Kulit salak bali memiliki kadar flavonoid total sebesar 5,546 mgQE/gram ekstrak, sedangkan kulit salak gula pasir sebesar 1,886 mgQE/gram ekstrak. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka dilakukan uji kelarutan flavonoid dalam fase minyak menggunakan ekstrak kulit salak bali. Hasil dari analisis kelarutan flavonoid didapatkan kelarutan ekstrak kulit salak bali pada fase minyak berupa asam oleat, minyak zaitun, dan isopropil miristat berturut-turut adalah sebesar 144,92 μg/mL; 45,62 μg/mL; dan 73,63 μg/mL. Kandungan flavonoid dalam ekstrak kulit salak bali lebih mudah larut dalam asam oleat dibandingkan dengan minyak zaitun dan isopropil miristat.
"Review: Studi Kandungan Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.)"
Authors: Krisna Wahyu Nugraha  , Ni Putu Eka Leliqia
Published: November 2023

Tumbuhan pepaya (Carica papaya L.) yang termasuk dalam famili Caricaceae telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas sebagai agen antibakteri. Review ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji penelitian- penelitan terkini mengenai aktivitas antibakteri dan kandungan fitokimia dari daun pepaya. Artikel ini merupakan narrative review dari artikel-artikel penelitian ilmiah yang dicari dan dikumpulkan melalui situs internet. Berdasarkan hasil studi literatur, ekstrak daun pepaya mengandung golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid dan fenolik. Banyak penelitian ilmiah yang melaporkan bahwa daun pepaya terbukti memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Gram positif seperti Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus Stearothermophilus, dan juga terhadap bakteri Gram negatif seperti Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella paratyphi, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Daun pepaya tersebut diekstraksi dengan berbagai macam pelarut polar maupun nonpolar, dimana ekstrak yang menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terbaik terdapat pada ekstrak metanol dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 24 mm terhadap S. aureus. Hasil narrative review ini dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar untuk penelitian selanjutnya dengan bahan daun pepaya sebagai agen antibakteri yang bersumber dari bahan alam.
Potensi Pegagan (Centella asiatica) Sebagai Pengobatan Alzheimer
Authors: I Nyoman Gargita Ananta Guna  , Putu Sanna Yustiantara
Published: November 2023

Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) adalah tumbuhan herba yang sering dijumpai tumbuh secara alami di berbagai lokasi. Pegagan tumbuh merayap tanpa batang dan memiliki daun tunggal yang membentuk roset akar, berwarna hijau dengan bentuk seperti kipas, sedangkan buahnya berbentuk mirip ginjal. Pegagan adalah anggota dari family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). Centella asiatica dilaporkan memiliki efek antioksidan yang tinggi, meningkatkan daya ingat, menurunkan inflamasi, dan memiliki efek neuroprotektif yang berpotensi dalam terapi Alzheimer. Review rtikel ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu tentang potensi farmakologis Pegagan, khususnya dalam terapi Alzheimer. Review artikerl ini menggunakan metode studi dari berbagai sumber literatur seperti Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Researchgate, dan Elsevier. Hasil dari studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa Pegagan memiliki efek antioksidan yang berdampak pada perlindungan dari berbagai penyakit saraf, salah satunya adalah penyakit Alzheimer. Terapi antioksidan telah dikaitkan dengan penekanan gejala Alzheimer dengan memperlambat kerusakan oksidatif. Dengan adanya efek neuroprotektif dari Pegagan, tumbuhan ini dapat mengurangi pengendapan dari β-amyloid di hipokampus dimana deposit β-amyloid membangkitkan inflamasi neuro dan neurovaskular yang akan berkontribusi dalam neurodegenerasi pada pasien dengan penyakit Alzheimer. Ektrak pegagan memfasilitasi peningkatan ekspresi ekspresi gen ARE yang dimediasi NRF2 di hippocampus untuk meningkatkan respons antioksidan terhadap toksisitas oksidatif Aβ. Pada pegagan terkandung senyawa tang disebut Asiatic Acid atau asam asiatik yang berperan sebagai anti-AChE efektif tanpa efek samping toksik. Rendahnya kadar ACh di otak Alzheimer berimplikasi pada kebutuhan untuk menghambat AChE untuk memulihkan neurotransmisi kolinergik. Dengan adanya aktivitas anti-AChE pada pegagan, menjadikan pegagan sebagai kandidat yang baik untuk menangani Alzheimer.
Potensi Kandungan Fitokimia Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan
Authors: I Wayan Sindhu Wahyu Prasetya
Published: November 2023

Berdasarkan perbandingan data Riskesdas 2013 dengan Riskesdas 2018, prevalensi penyakit degeneratif mengalami peningkatan pada beberapa tahun terakhir. Salah satu faktor pemicu utama timbulnya penyakit ini yaitu adanya radikal bebas pada tubuh manusia. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya upaya untuk menangkal radikal bebas dalam tubuh manusia salah satunya dengan senyawa antioksidan. Antioksidan ini sebenarnya sudah tersedia secara alami dalam tubuh manusia, tetapi keberadaan antioksidan dalam tubuh manusia memilihi keterbatasan sehingga diperlukan asupan antioksidan dari luar. Salah satu tumbuhan yang secara empiris memiliki khasiat dan berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan yaitu bawang dayak. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia bawang dayak dan potensinya sebagai antioksidan. Adapun metode penulisan dilakukan dalam bentuk kajian literatur (literature review) dengan pencarian data menggunakan search engine seperti Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, ResearchGate, serta penyedia jurnal ilmiah lainnya. Hasil kajian literatur menunjukan bahwa bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) memiliki beberapa kandungan fitokimia seperti flavonoid, polifenol, alkaloid, saponin, triterpenoid, glikosida, dan tanin. Selain itu, hasil pengujian in vitro dengan metode DPPH pada beberapa literatur menunjukkan bahwa bawang dayak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi. Hal tersebut tidak terlepas dari adanya kandungan flavonoid dan polifenol yang bertanggung jawab terhadap aktivitas antioksidan tersebut.