bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VvPL15 Is the Core Member of the Pectate Lyase Gene Family Involved in Grape Berries Ripening and Softening
Authors: Ma Yuying , Wang Chukun , Gao Zhen , Yao Yuxin , Kang Hui , Du Yuanpeng
Published: May 2023

The process of ripening and softening in grape begins at veraison and is closely related to the depolymerization of pectin components. A variety of enzymes are involved in pectin metabolism and one class of enzyme, pectin lyases (PLs), have been reported to play an important role in softening in many fruits; however, little information is available on the VvPL gene family in grape. In this study, 16 VvPL genes were identified in the grape genome using bioinformatics methods. Among them, VvPL5, VvPL9, and VvPL15 had the highest expression levels during grape ripening, which suggests that these genes are involved in grape ripening and softening. Furthermore, overexpression of VvPL15 affects the contents of water-soluble pectin (WSP) and acid-soluble pectin (ASP) in the leaves of Arabidopsis and significantly changes the growth of Arabidopsis plants. The relationship between VvPL15 and pectin content was further determined by antisense expression of VvPL15. In addition, we also studied the effect of VvPL15 on fruit in transgenic tomato plants, which showed that VvPL15 accelerated fruit ripening and softening. Our results indicate that VvPL15 plays an important role in grape berry softening during ripening by depolymerizing pectin.
nNOS Increases Fiber Type-Specific Angiogenesis in Skeletal Muscle of Mice in Response to Endurance Exercise
Authors: Baum Oliver , Huber-Abel Felicitas A. M. , Flück Martin
Published: May 2023

We studied the relationship between neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) expression and capillarity in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mice subjected to treadmill training. The mRNA (+131%) and protein (+63%) levels of nNOS were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the TA muscle of C57BL/6 mice undergoing treadmill training for 28 days than in those of littermates remaining sedentary, indicating an up-regulation of nNOS by endurance exercise. Both TA muscles of 16 C57BL/6 mice were subjected to gene electroporation with either the pIRES2-ZsGreen1 plasmid (control plasmid) or the pIRES2-ZsGreen1-nNOS gene-inserted plasmid (nNOS plasmid). Subsequently, one group of mice (n = 8) underwent treadmill training for seven days, while the second group of mice (n = 8) remained sedentary. At study end, 12–18% of TA muscle fibers expressed the fluorescent reporter gene ZsGreen1. Immunofluorescence for nNOS was 23% higher (p ≤ 0.05) in ZsGreen1-positive fibers than ZsGreen1-negative fibers from the nNOS-transfected TA muscle of mice subjected to treadmill training. Capillary contacts around myosin heavy-chain (MHC)-IIb immunoreactive fibers (14.2%; p ≤ 0.05) were only higher in ZsGreen1-positive fibers than ZsGreen1-negative fibers in the nNOS-plasmid-transfected TA muscles of trained mice. Our observations are in line with an angiogenic effect of quantitative increases in nNOS expression, specifically in type-IIb muscle fibers after treadmill training.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles for Diagnosing Sepsis and Risk Prediction in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Choi Hayoung , Lee Jin Young , Yoo Hongseok , Jeon Kyeongman
Published: May 2023

: Although early recognition of sepsis is essential for timely treatment and can improve sepsis outcomes, no marker has demonstrated sufficient discriminatory power to diagnose sepsis. This study aimed to compare gene expression profiles between patients with sepsis and healthy volunteers to determine the accuracy of these profiles in diagnosing sepsis and to predict sepsis outcomes by combining bioinformatics data with molecular experiments and clinical information. We identified 422 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the sepsis and control groups, of which 93 immune-related DEGs were considered for further studies due to immune-related pathways being the most highly enriched. Key genes upregulated during sepsis, including S100A8, S100A9, and CR1, are responsible for cell cycle regulation and immune responses. Key downregulated genes, including CD79A, HLA-DQB2, PLD4, and CCR7, are responsible for immune responses. Furthermore, the key upregulated genes showed excellent to fair accuracy in diagnosing sepsis (area under the curve 0.747–0.931) and predicting in-hospital mortality (0.863–0.966) of patients with sepsis. In contrast, the key downregulated genes showed excellent accuracy in predicting mortality of patients with sepsis (0.918–0.961) but failed to effectively diagnosis sepsis. In conclusion, bioinformatics analysis identified key genes that may serve as biomarkers for diagnosing sepsis and predicting outcomes among patients with sepsis.
Trends in Photothermal Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Dediu Violeta , Ghitman Jana , Gradisteanu Pircalabioru Gratiela , Chan Kiat Hwa , Iliescu Florina Silvia , Iliescu Ciprian
Published: May 2023

The rapid development of antimicrobial resistance due to broad antibiotic utilisation in the healthcare and food industries and the non-availability of novel antibiotics represents one of the most critical public health issues worldwide. Current advances in nanotechnology allow new materials to address drug-resistant bacterial infections in specific, focused, and biologically safe ways. The unique physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and wide range of adaptability of nanomaterials that exhibit photothermal capability can be employed to develop the next generation of photothermally induced controllable hyperthermia as antibacterial nanoplatforms. Here, we review the current state of the art in different functional classes of photothermal antibacterial nanomaterials and strategies to optimise antimicrobial efficiency. The recent achievements and trends in developing photothermally active nanostructures, including plasmonic metals, semiconductors, and carbon-based and organic photothermal polymers, and antibacterial mechanisms of action, including anti-multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm removal, will be discussed. Insights into the mechanisms of the photothermal effect and various factors influencing photothermal antimicrobial performance, emphasising the structure–performance relationship, are discussed. We will examine the photothermal agents’ functionalisation for specific bacteria, the effects of the near-infrared light irradiation spectrum, and active photothermal materials for multimodal synergistic-based therapies to minimise side effects and maintain low costs. The most relevant applications are presented, such as antibiofilm formation, biofilm penetration or ablation, and nanomaterial-based infected wound therapy. Practical antibacterial applications employing photothermal antimicrobial agents, alone or in synergistic combination with other nanomaterials, are considered. Existing challenges and limitations in photothermal antimicrobial therapy and future perspectives are presented from the structural, functional, safety, and clinical potential points of view.
Assessment of Biological Activity of 28-Homobrassinolide via a Multi-Level Comparative Analysis
Authors: Huang Junpeng , Shen Biaodi , Rao Xiao , Cao Xuehua , Zhang Jianjun , Liu Linchuan , Li Jianming , Mao Juan
Published: May 2023

Brassinosteroids (BRs) play vital roles in the plant life cycle and synthetic BRs are widely used to increase crop yield and plant stress tolerance. Among them are 24R-methyl-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and 24S-ethyl-28-homobrassinolide (28-HBL), which differ from brassinolide (BL, the most active BR) at the C-24 position. Although it is well known that 24-EBL is 10% active as BL, there is no consensus on the bioactivity of 28-HBL. A recent outpouring of research interest in 28-HBL on major crops accompanied with a surge of industrial-scale synthesis that produces mixtures of active (22R,23R)-28-HBL and inactive (22S,23S)-28HBL, demands a standardized assay system capable of analyzing different synthetic “28-HBL” products. In this study, the relative bioactivity of 28-HBL to BL and 24-EBL, including its capacity to induce the well-established BR responses at molecular, biochemical, and physiological levels, was systematically analyzed using the whole seedlings of the wild-type and BR-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. These multi-level bioassays consistently showed that 28-HBL exhibits a much stronger bioactivity than 24-EBL and is almost as active as BL in rescuing the short hypocotyl phenotype of the dark-grown det2 mutant. These results are consistent with the previously established structure–activity relationship of BRs, proving that this multi-level whole seedling bioassay system could be used to analyze different batches of industrially produced 28-HBL or other BL analogs to ensure the full potential of BRs in modern agriculture.
Non-Haemodynamic Mechanisms Underlying Hypertension-Associated Damage in Target Kidney Components
Authors: Russo Elisa , Bussalino Elisabetta , Macciò Lucia , Verzola Daniela , Saio Michela , Esposito Pasquale , Leoncini Giovanna , Pontremoli Roberto , Viazzi Francesca
Published: May 2023

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a global challenge that greatly impacts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. AH is a major risk factor for the development and progression of kidney disease. Several antihypertensive treatment options are already available to counteract the progression of kidney disease. Despite the implementation of the clinical use of renin–angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, gliflozins, endothelin receptor antagonists, and their combination, the kidney damage associated with AH is far from being resolved. Fortunately, recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of AH-induced kidney damage have identified novel potential therapeutic targets. Several pathophysiologic pathways have been shown to play a key role in AH-induced kidney damage, including inappropriate tissue activation of the RAAS and immunity system, leading to oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, the intracellular effects of increased uric acid and cell phenotype transition showed their link with changes in kidney structure in the early phase of AH. Emerging therapies targeting novel disease mechanisms could provide powerful approaches for hypertensive nephropathy management in the future. In this review, we would like to focus on the interactions of pathways linking the molecular consequences of AH to kidney damage, suggesting how old and new therapies could aim to protect the kidney.
Lights and Shadows of Sepsis Management: Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Russo Alessandro , Pallone Rita , Trecarichi Enrico Maria , Torti Carlo
Published: May 2023

The complex interaction between microorganisms, the host’s immune response, and [...]
Impact of Probiotics on the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases in the Pediatric Population
Authors: García-Santos José Antonio , Nieto-Ruiz Ana , García-Ricobaraza María , Cerdó Tomás , Campoy Cristina
Published: May 2023

Despite the high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) in infants and children, especially those categorized as functional GIDs (FGIDs), insufficient knowledge about their pathophysiology has limited both symptomatic diagnosis and the development of optimal therapies. Recent advances in the field of probiotics have made their potential use as an interesting therapeutic and preventive strategy against these disorders possible, but further efforts are still needed. In fact, there is great controversy surrounding this topic, generated by the high variety of potential probiotics strains with plausible therapeutic utility, the lack of consensus in their use as well as the few comparative studies available on probiotics that record their efficacy. Taking into account these limitations, and in the absence of clear guidelines about the dose and timeframe for successful probiotic therapy, our review aimed to evaluate current studies on potential use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of the most common FGIDs and GIDs in the pediatric population. Furthermore, matters referring to know major action pathways and key safety recommendations for probiotic administration proposed by major pediatric health agencies shall also be discussed.
Altered Tau Kinase Activity in rTg4510 Mice after a Single Interfaced CHIMERA Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Cheng Wai Hang , Cheung Honor , Kang Amy , Fan Jianjia , Cooper Jennifer , Anwer Mehwish , Barron Carlos , Wilkinson Anna , Hu Grace , Yue Jefferey , Cripton Peter A. , Vocadlo David J. , Wellington Cheryl L.
Published: May 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we used the Closed Head Injury Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA) to investigate the effects of a single high-energy TBI in rTg4510 mice, a mouse model of tauopathy. Fifteen male rTg4510 mice (4 mo) were impacted at 4.0 J using interfaced CHIMERA and were compared to sham controls. Immediately after injury, the TBI mice showed significant mortality (7/15; 47%) and a prolonged duration of loss of the righting reflex. At 2 mo post-injury, surviving mice displayed significant microgliosis (Iba1) and axonal injury (Neurosilver). Western blotting indicated a reduced p-GSK-3β (S9):GSK-3β ratio in TBI mice, suggesting chronic activation of tau kinase. Although longitudinal analysis of plasma total tau suggested that TBI accelerates the appearance of tau in the circulation, there were no significant differences in brain total or p-tau levels, nor did we observe evidence of enhanced neurodegeneration in TBI mice compared to sham mice. In summary, we showed that a single high-energy head impact induces chronic white matter injury and altered GSK-3β activity without an apparent change in post-injury tauopathy in rTg4510 mice.
Toward High-Performances of Halide Light-Emitting Diodes: The Importance of Ligands Engineering
Authors: Ma Le , Wang Feijiu
Published: May 2023

Halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted great attention because of their superior optical properties, such as extremely high photoluminescence (quantum yield up to nearly 100%) of active layers with tunable wavelengths over the entire visible spectral range. With a suitable modification of halide perovskites, carrier transport materials, and their interfaces, external quantum efficiencies exceeding 10%, 25%, and 20% have been achieved for blue-colored (465 nm), green-colored (512 nm), and red-colored (640 nm) LEDs, respectively. Many strategies for pursuing high performances of devices have been successfully demonstrated, among which ligand engineering has always played an important role in the active layer. Herein, we present a perspective to illustrate the effects and roles of the ligands in cesium lead bromide light-emitting diodes. This perspective is mainly classified into three parts: (1) ligands for CsPbBr3 LEDs could improve radiative recombination of perovskites and contribute to better efficiency of LEDs; (2) ligands could confine CsPbBr3 growth for blue emission of LEDs; (3) stabilities of materials and devices become better with ligand engineering. Finally, the summary and perspective on PeLEDs are highlighted and possible solutions are provided.
Use of IDeS Method to Design an Innovative HYICE Sportscar
Authors: Galiè Giulio , Cappelli Michele , Maffei Pietro , Robusti Matteo , Vasileski Igor , Frizziero Leonardo
Published: May 2023

In the contemporary automobile scene, environmental effect abatement is being increasingly sought; this demands a full rethinking of the entire system and entails more than just the reduction in exhaust pollutant emissions. Currently, the most popular approach is the electrification of automobiles, which significantly reduces pollution in major urban areas while simultaneously posing a new set of problems. The two types of zero-emission vehicles that are now being developed the most are hydrogen fuel cells and battery electric cars, but another option is the Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (HYICE) engine, which is highly advantageous in terms of pollutants, aside from Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), which can be considerably decreased. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel vehicle design that transports this type of technology into a sporting context while striving for considerable environmental benefits and integrating them into a society where the love of automobiles still has a strong following. The cutting-edge Industrial Design Structure (IDeS) methodology is used in this work, and a sample structure was created to demonstrate how the problems and technical limitations represented can be solved. The steps of the methodology are followed to shape the final product, with careful consideration given to the design of the styling component through the use of the Stylistic Design Engineering (SDE) method. With the ultimate goal of achieving sustainable driving pleasure, the study looks into whether recyclable materials can be used for the body and whether extremely light materials can be used for the chassis.
Cardioneuroablation Using Epicardial Pulsed Field Ablation for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: O’Brien Barry , Reilly John , Coffey Ken , González-Suárez Ana , Quinlan Leo , van Zyl Martin
Published: May 2023

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia affecting millions of people worldwide. The cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) is widely recognized as playing a key role in both the initiation and propagation of AF. This paper reviews the background and development of a unique cardioneuroablation technique for the modulation of the cardiac ANS as a potential treatment for AF. The treatment uses pulsed electric field energy to selectively electroporate ANS structures on the epicardial surface of the heart. Insights from in vitro studies and electric field models are presented as well as data from both pre-clinical and early clinical studies.
Comment on Fernández-Vigo et al. Objective Classification of Glistening in Implanted Intraocular Lenses Using Optical Coherence Tomography: Proposal for a New Classification and Grading System. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 2351
Authors: Stanojcic Nick , Hull Chris , O’Brart David
Published: May 2023

We read with interest your article describing a new objective method for evaluating glistenings in intraocular lenses (IOLs) in vivo [...]
Reply to Stanojcic et al. Comment on “Fernández-Vigo et al. Objective Classification of Glistening in Implanted Intraocular Lenses Using Optical Coherence Tomography: Proposal for a New Classification and Grading System. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 2351”
Authors: Fernández-Vigo José Ignacio , Burgos-Blasco Bárbara , De-Pablo-Gómez-de-Liaño Lucía , Sánchez-Guillén Inés , Albitre-Barca Virginia , Fernández-Aragón Susana , Fernández-Vigo José Ángel , Macarro-Merino Ana
Published: May 2023

We appreciate the comments made by Stanojcic et al. [...]
Diagnostic Sensitivity of Blood Culture, Intraoperative Specimen, and Computed Tomography-Guided Biopsy in Patients with Spondylodiscitis and Isolated Spinal Epidural Empyema Requiring Surgical Treatment
Authors: Hijazi Mido Max , Siepmann Timo , Disch Alexander Carl , Platz Uwe , Juratli Tareq A. , Eyüpoglu Ilker Y. , Podlesek Dino
Published: May 2023

Background: the successful treatment of spondylodiscitis (SD) and isolated spinal epidural empyema (ISEE) depends on early detection of causative pathogens, which is commonly performed either via blood cultures, intraoperative specimens, and/or image-guided biopsies. We evaluated the diagnostic sensitivity of these three procedures and assessed how it is influenced by antibiotics. Methods: we retrospectively analyzed data from patients with SD and ISEE treated surgically at a neurosurgery university center in Germany between 2002 and 2021. Results: we included 208 patients (68 [23–90] years, 34.6% females, 68% SD). Pathogens were identified in 192 cases (92.3%), including 187 (97.4%) pyogenic and five (2.6%) non-pyogenic infections, with Gram-positive bacteria accounting for 86.6% (162 cases) and Gram-negative for 13.4% (25 cases) of the pyogenic infections. The diagnostic sensitivity was highest for intraoperative specimens at 77.9% (162/208, p = 0.012) and lowest for blood cultures at 57.2% (119/208) and computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsies at 55.7% (39/70). Blood cultures displayed the highest sensitivity in SD patients (SD: 91/142, 64.1% vs. ISEE: 28/66, 42.4%, p = 0.004), while intraoperative specimens were the most sensitive procedure in ISEE (SD: 102/142, 71.8% vs. ISEE: 59/66, 89.4%, p = 0.007). The diagnostic sensitivity was lower in SD patients with ongoing empiric antibiotic therapy (EAT) than in patients treated postoperatively with targeted antibiotic therapy (TAT) (EAT: 77/89, 86.5% vs. TAT: 53/53, 100%, p = 0.004), whereas no effect was observed in patients with ISEE (EAT: 47/51, 92.2% vs. TAT: 15/15, 100%, p = 0.567). Conclusions: in our cohort, intraoperative specimens displayed the highest diagnostic sensitivity especially for ISEE, whereas blood cultures appear to be the most sensitive for SD. The sensitivity of these tests seems modifiable by preoperative EAT in patients with SD, but not in those with ISEE, underscoring the distinct differences between both pathologies.
Oral Microbial Signature of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Female Patients
Authors: Kozhakhmetov Samat , Babenko Dmitriy , Issilbayeva Argul , Nurgaziyev Madiyar , Kozhakhmetova Saniya , Meiramova Assel , Akhmetova Zhanar , Kunz Jeanette , Ainabekova Bayan , Marotta Francesco , Kushugulova Almagul
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to identify the oral microbial signature of Kazakh female rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. A total of 75 female patients who met the American College of Rheumatology 2010 classification criteria for RA and 114 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced to analyze the microbial composition. We identified significant differences in bacterial diversity and abundance between the RA and control groups, as measured by Shannon (p value = 0.0205) and Simpson (p value = 0.00152) indices. The oral samples from RA patients had higher bacterial diversity than those from non-RA volunteers. The RA samples had a higher relative abundance of Prevotellaceae and Leptotrichiaceae, but a lower content of butyrate and propionate-producing bacteria compared to the control group. The samples from patients in remission had a higher abundance of Treponema sp. and Absconditabacteriales (SR1), whereas those with low disease activity had higher levels of Porphyromonas and those with high RA activity had higher levels of Staphylococcus. A positive correlation was found between the taxa Prevotella_9 and serum levels of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF). The predicted functional pattern of the ACPA+/RF− and ACPA+/RF+ seropositive groups was characterized by increased ascorbate metabolism, degradation of glycosaminoglycans, and reduced biodegradation of xenobiotics. These findings suggest that the functional pattern of the microflora should be considered when selecting a therapeutic strategy for RA in order to provide a personalized approach.
3D Atrial Strain for Predicting Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation after Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: Krizanovic-Grgic Iva , Anwer Shehab , Steffel Jan , Hofer Daniel , Saguner Ardan M. , Spengler Christina M. , Breitenstein Alexander , Tanner Felix C.
Published: May 2023

Aims: Association of two-(2D) and three-dimensional (3D) left atrial strain (LAS) and low-voltage area (LVA) with recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was assessed. Methods and results: 3D LAS, 2D LAS, and LVA were obtained in 93 consecutive patients undergoing PVI and recurrence of AF was analyzed prospectively. AF recurred in 12 patients (13%). The 3D left atrial reservoir strain (LARS) and pump strain (LAPS) were lower in patients with recurrent AF than without (p = 0.008 and p = 0.009, respectively). In univariable Cox regression, 3D LARS or LAPS were associated with recurrent AF (LARS: HR = 0.89 (0.81–0.99), p = 0.025; LAPS: HR = 1.40 (1.02–1.92), p = 0.040), while other values were not. Association of 3D LARS or LAPS with recurrent AF was independent of age, body mass index, arterial hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction, and end-diastolic volume index and left atrial volume index in multivariable models. Kaplan–Meier curves revealed that patients with 3D LAPS < −5.9% did not exhibit recurrent AF, while those >−5.9% had a significant risk of recurrent AF. Conclusions: 3D LARS and LAPS were associated with recurrent AF after PVI. Association of 3D LAS was independent of relevant clinical and echocardiographic parameters and improved their predictive value. Hence, they may be applied for outcome prediction in patients undergoing PVI.
Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Health and Metabolic-Related Disorders
Authors: Silva Ana Inês , Direito Manuel , Pinto-Ribeiro Filipa , Ludovico Paula , Sampaio-Marques Belém
Published: May 2023

Intermittent fasting (IF) is an emerging dietetic intervention that has been associated with improved metabolic parameters. Nowadays, the most common IF protocols are Alternate-Day Fasting (ADF) and Time-Restricted Fasting (TRF), but in this review and meta-analysis we have also considered Religious Fasting (RF), which is similar to TRF but against the circadian rhythm. The available studies usually include the analysis of a single specific IF protocol on different metabolic outcomes. Herein, we decided to go further and to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the advantages of different IF protocols for metabolic homeostasis in individuals with different metabolic status, such as with obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Systematic searches (PubMed, Scopus, Trip Database, Web of Knowledge and Embase, published before June 2022) of original articles in peer-review scientific journals focusing on IF and body composition outcomes were performed. Sixty-four reports met the eligibility criteria for the qualitative analysis and forty-seven for the quantitative analysis. Herein, we showed that ADF protocols promoted the major beneficial effects in the improvement of dysregulated metabolic conditions in comparison with TRF and RF protocols. Furthermore, obese and MetS individuals are the most benefited with the introduction of these interventions, through the improvement of adiposity, lipid homeostasis and blood pressure. For T2D individuals, IF impact was more limited, but associated with their major metabolic dysfunctions—insulin homeostasis. Importantly, through the integrated analysis of distinct metabolic-related diseases, we showed that IF seems to differently impact metabolic homeostasis depending on an individual’s basal health status and type of metabolic disease.
Inflammatory Process on Knee Osteoarthritis in Cyclists
Authors: Noriega-González David , Caballero-García Alberto , Roche Enrique , Álvarez-Mon Melchor , Córdova Alfredo
Published: May 2023

Osteoarthritis is a disorder affecting the joints and is characterized by cellular stress and degradation of the extracellular matrix cartilage. It begins with the presence of micro- and macro-lesions that fail to repair properly, which can be initiated by multiple factors: genetic, developmental, metabolic, and traumatic. In the case of the knee, osteoarthritis affects the tissues of the diarthrodial joint, manifested by morphological, biochemical, and biomechanical modifications of the cells and the extracellular matrix. All this leads to remodeling, fissuring, ulceration, and loss of articular cartilage, as well as sclerosis of the subchondral bone with the production of osteophytes and subchondral cysts. The symptomatology appears at different time points and is accompanied by pain, deformation, disability, and varying degrees of local inflammation. Repetitive concentric movements, such as while cycling, can produce the microtrauma that leads to osteoarthritis. Aggravation of the gradual lesion in the cartilage matrix can evolve to an irreversible injury. The objective of the present review is to explain the evolution of knee osteoarthritis in cyclists, to show the scarce research performed in this particular field and extract recommendations to propose future therapeutic strategies.
Minimally Invasive Treatment of Lateral Incisors with Guided One-Piece or Two-Piece Titanium-Made Narrow Diameter Implants: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Up to Two Years Follow-Up
Authors: Zadrożny Łukasz , Górski Bartłomiej , Baldoni Edoardo , Lumbau Aurea Immacolata , Meloni Silvio Mario , Pisano Milena , Tallarico Marco
Published: May 2023

Restoring teeth with dental implants has become the gold standard in recent years, especially in the esthetic zone. However, limited amount of available bone as well as limited interdental space in the anterior zone may create problems for implant treatment. Narrow diameter implants (NDI) may be a treatment option to resolve the above-mentioned limitations and providing minimally invasive implant therapy without additional regenerative procedures. In this retrospective study, a comparison of clinical and radiographic outcomes between one-piece and two-piece titanium-made NDIs was done with the follow-up of two years after loading. Twenty-three NDI cases were analyzed, 11 in the one-piece implant group (group one) and 12 in the two-piece implant group (group two). The outcomes were implant and prosthetic failures, any complications occurred, peri-implant bone level changes, and as well as the Pink Esthetic score. No implant or prosthetic failures, as well as, no complications were reported at the two-year follow-up examination. At the same time the marginal bone loss was 0.23 ± 0.11 in the group one and 0.18 ± 0.12 in the group two. Difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3339). The Pink Esthetic Score, recorded two years after definitive loading, was 12.6 ± 0.97 in the group one and 12.2 ± 0.92 in the group two, with no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.3554). With the limitations of the present study, including the small sample size and short follow-up, it is possible to conclude that either one and two-piece NDI can be successfully used to restore lateral incisors with comparable results within the two years of follow-up.
Genetic Determinants of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Suarez-Pajes Eva , Tosco-Herrera Eva , Ramirez-Falcon Melody , Gonzalez-Barbuzano Silvia , Hernandez-Beeftink Tamara , Guillen-Guio Beatriz , Villar Jesús , Flores Carlos
Published: May 2023

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung condition that arises from multiple causes, including sepsis, pneumonia, trauma, and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given the heterogeneity of causes and the lack of specific therapeutic options, it is crucial to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms that underlie this condition. The identification of genetic risks and pharmacogenetic loci, which are involved in determining drug responses, could help enhance early patient diagnosis, assist in risk stratification of patients, and reveal novel targets for pharmacological interventions, including possibilities for drug repositioning. Here, we highlight the basis and importance of the most common genetic approaches to understanding the pathogenesis of ARDS and its critical triggers. We summarize the findings of screening common genetic variation via genome-wide association studies and analyses based on other approaches, such as polygenic risk scores, multi-trait analyses, or Mendelian randomization studies. We also provide an overview of results from rare genetic variation studies using Next-Generation Sequencing techniques and their links with inborn errors of immunity. Lastly, we discuss the genetic overlap between severe COVID-19 and ARDS by other causes.
The Incidence Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and the Percentage of Deaths among Infected Healthcare Workers in Poland
Authors: Wojczyk Marek , Niewiadomska Ewa , Kowalska Małgorzata
Published: May 2023

(1) Background: The incidence proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Poland is not exactly known. This study aims to present secondary epidemiological data identifying the scale of the spread of novel coronavirus infection and the estimation of vaccination coverage in selected professional groups of HCWs in Poland. (2) Methods: The secondary epidemiological data included both the number of infections and infection fatality rate (IFR) in individual occupational groups, which occurred throughout the observation period (January 2021–July 2022), both in the country and in individual voivodeship (administrative area). (3) Results: The incidence proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections among HCWs was 16.48%. The highest percentage of infected workers concerned laboratory scientists (21.62%) and paramedics (18%). The highest frequency of infections among HCWs occurred in the province of Zachodnio-Pomorskie (18.9%). Due to COVID-19, 558 healthcare workers died during the analysed period, mostly nurses (n = 236) and doctors (n = 200). The results regarding the vaccination coverage of HCWs against COVID-19 indicate the highest percentage of vaccinated were among doctors (83.63%) and the lowest among physiotherapists (38.2%). (4) Conclusions: In general, the percentage of infections was high in Poland during the pandemic (16.48%). Significant territorial differences were observed in the frequency of infections, deaths, and percentage of vaccinated workers in individual voivodeships.
Vitamin D Status Determines the Impact of Metformin on Gonadotropin Levels in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Kowalcze Karolina , Szkróbka Witold , Okopień Bogusław
Published: May 2023

Metformin was found to decrease elevated levels of anterior pituitary hormones. Its impact on lactotrope secretory function was absent in women with vitamin D insufficiency. This study investigated whether vitamin D status determines metformin action on overactive gonadotropes. We compared the effect of six-month metformin treatment on the plasma levels of gonadotropins, TSH, prolactin, ACTH, estradiol, free thyroid hormones, IGF-1, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as well as on glucose homeostasis markers between three matched groups of postmenopausal women at high risk for diabetes: untreated subjects with vitamin D insufficiency (group A), untreated women with normal vitamin D status (group B), and individuals receiving vitamin D supplementation with normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (group C). Only in groups B and C did metformin reduce FSH levels and tend to decrease LH levels, and these effects correlated with baseline gonadotropin levels, baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and the improvement in insulin sensitivity. Follow-up gonadotropin levels were higher in group A than in the other two groups. The drug did not affect circulating levels of TSH, prolactin, ACTH, estradiol, free thyroid hormones, IGF-1, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The obtained results suggest that the impact of metformin on gonadotropin secretion in women after menopause is determined by vitamin D status.
Porous NiMoO4-NrGO as a Battery-Like Electrode Material for Aqueous Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Arshadi-Rastabi Shahrzad , Sarraf-Mamoory Rasoul , Razaz Ghadir , Blomquist Nicklas , Örtegren Jonas , Olin Håkan
Published: May 2023

Recently, much research has investigated nanocomposites and their properties for the development of energy storage systems. Supercapacitor performance is usually enhanced by the use of porous electrode structures, which produce a larger surface area for reaction. In this work, a biocompatible polymer of starch medium was used to create the porous nanostructure. Two powders, i.e., Nickel molybdate/reduced graphene oxide (NiMoO4-rGO) and Nickel molybdate/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NiMoO4-NrGO), were synthesized using the deposition method in a medium containing starch, nickel nitrate salts, sodium molybdate, and graphene oxide powder. In terms of electrochemical performance, the NiMoO4-NrGO electrode displayed a higher specific capacitance, i.e., 932 Fg−1 (466 Cg−1), than the NiMoO4-rGO electrode, i.e., 884 Fg−1 (442 Cg−1), at a current density of 1 Ag−1. In fact, graphene oxide sheets could lose more oxygen groups in the presence of ammonia, resulting in increased electrical conductivity. For the asymmetric supercapacitor of NiMoO4-NrGO//AC, the specific capacitance at 1 Ag−1, energy density, and power density were 101.2 Fg−1 (111.32 Cg−1), 17 Wh kg−1, and 174.4 kW kg−1, respectively. In addition, this supercapacitor material displayed a good cycling stability of over 82%.
The Effect of Laser Shock Processing on the Anti-Corrosion Performance of LENS-Fabricated Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Arthur Nana Kwamina Kum , Kubjane Sharlotte Mamatebele , Popoola Abimbola Patricia Idowu , Masina Bathusile Nelisiwe , Pityana Sisa Lesley
Published: May 2023

Titanium alloys are prone to increased oxidation rates when exposed to higher temperatures during application. As a result, the components suffer mechanical failure due to the formation of the alpha-case layer at 500 °C. To improve its corrosion and oxidation properties, and ultimately its mechanical performance, it is necessary to modify its surface properties. In this study, a LENS 3D-printing system was used to fabricate titanium alloy sample coupons, while surface treatment was performed using laser shock processing (LSP) to improve the surface properties. The characterisation of the samples was performed to establish a basis for the corrosion behaviour of the 3D-printed material and the effect of LSP treatment on the rate of corrosion. The samples fabricated at the moderate laser energy density of 249 J/mm3 showed the best-performing properties as the microstructures that evolved showed elevated hardness profiles, which were associated with material property improvements such as high strength and corrosion resistance. After subjecting the samples to LSP treatment, the properties of the LENS samples showed a further improvement in corrosion resistance.
Ship Flooding Time Prediction Based on Composite Neural Network
Authors: Li Ze , Yang Dongmei , Yin Guisheng
Published: May 2023

When a ship sailing on the sea encounters flooding events, quickly predicting the flooding time of the compartments in the damaged area is beneficial to making evacuation decisions and reducing losses. At present, decision-makers obtain flooding data through various sensors arranged on board to predict the time of compartment flooding. These data help with the calculation of the flooding time in emergency situations. This paper proposes a new approach to obtaining the compartment flooding time. Specifically in damage scenarios, based on Convolutional Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network (CNN-RNN), using a composite neural network framework estimates the time when the compartment’s flooding water reaches the target height. The input of the neural network is the flooding images of the damaged compartment. Transfer learning is utilized in the paper. The ResNet18 model in Pytorch is used to extract the spatial information from the flooding images. The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model is then applied to predict when the compartment flooding water reaches the target height. Experimental results show that, for the damaged compartment, the flooding time predicted by the neural network is 85% accurate while the others’ accuracy is more than 91%. Intuitively, when it comes to the actual flooding event, the composite neural network’s average prediction error for compartment flooding time is approximately 1 min. To summarize, these results suggest that the composite neural network proposed above can provide flooding information to assist decision-makers in emergency situations.
Flux of the Wetted Surface Area on Ships’ Hulls in Major Ports of Korea
Authors: Lee Jin-Yong , Lee Chang-Rae , Hyun Bong-Gil , Choi Keun-Hyung
Published: May 2023

Biofouling is a significant means for introducing non-indigenous marine species internationally, which can alter habitats and disturb marine ecosystems. This study estimated the flux of ships’ wetted surface area (WSA) to Korea in 2020 to assess the risks of biological invasion via biofouling on ships’ hulls. The annual total WSA flux entering Korea was estimated to be 418.26 km2, with short-stay vessels (<3 weeks) contributing to 99.7% of the total WSA flux. Busan and Ulsan ports were identified as the main sources of high-risk flux, with container ships being a major vector in Busan and tankers in Ulsan. Gwangyang port had the third-highest total WSA flux, with nearly half of the flux driven from coastwise voyages, making it particularly vulnerable to the spread of hull fouling organisms. These findings could help enhance the management and inspection of hull fouling organisms in Korea.
High Genetic Diversity and Structure of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s.l. in the Archipelago of Lesser Antilles
Authors: Dentika Pauline , Blazy Jean-Marc , Alleyne Angela , Petro Dalila , Eversley Anderson , Penet Laurent
Published: May 2023

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a species complex of agricultural importance as it causes anthracnose disease on many crop species worldwide, and strong impact regionally on Water Yam (Dioscorea alata) in the Caribbean. In this study, we conducted a genetic analysis of the fungi complex in three islands of the Lesser Antilles—Guadeloupe (Basse Terre, Grande Terre and Marie Galante), Martinique and Barbados. We specifically sampled yam fields and assessed the genetic diversity of strains with four microsatellite markers. We found a very high genetic diversity of all strains on each island, and intermediate to strong levels of genetic structure between islands. Migration rates were quite diverse either within (local dispersal) or between islands (long-distance dispersal), suggesting important roles of vegetation and climate as local barriers, and winds as an important factor in long-distance migration. Three distinct genetic clusters highlighted different species entities, though there was also evidence of frequent intermediates between two clusters, suggesting recurrent recombination between putative species. Together, these results demonstrated asymmetries in gene flow both between islands and clusters, and suggested the need for new approaches to anthracnose disease risk control at a regional level.
A Review of Village Ecosystem Structure and Stability: Implications for the Karst Desertification Control
Authors: Lin Li , Xiong Kangning , Wang Qi , Zhao Rong , Zhou Jiayi
Published: May 2023

Villages are places where people gather and live. Due to economic and social development, the irrational behavior of the population has led to an imbalance in the village structure and has threatened the stability of the village ecosystem, resulting in the deterioration of the village environment. Therefore, it is of great necessity to study the structure and stability of village ecosystems and to optimize the structure of village ecosystems to better guide spatial planning and to restore village ecology. This study conducted a literature search and statistical analysis on the structure and stability of village ecosystems based on WOS and CNKI literature databases. We reviewed 105 relevant articles. The current research status and progress are clarified from structural characteristics, structural optimization, structure and function and stability study. To reveal the research achievements and deficiencies of research on the structure and stability of village ecosystems, the vital scientific issues that need to be addressed are summarized based on current research results. The study found that: (1) the quantity of studies on it were on the rise; (2) the study content mainly focused on structure and function (38%) and structural characteristics (21%); (3) the regions studied are mainly in Asia (73%), Europe (12%) and Africa (10%); and (4) research institutions are mainly colleges and universities. Therefore, future research should give attention to the following three aspects: strengthening the differentiation research on the spatio-temporal scale, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the influence of the Karst Desertification Control (KDC) village structure on stability; based on the mechanism of structure on function, appropriate village ecosystem structure should be established to improve ecosystem service function; based on the influence mechanism of structure on stability, the stability evaluation index system will be constructed so as to lay a solid foundation for the stability strategy of the KDC village ecosystem. By applying the strategy of structure optimization and stability improvement to the KDC village ecosystem, the service function of the Karst village ecosystem can be improved, which can provide scientific reference for the sustainable development of the KDC village ecosystem.
Matching Relationship between Urban Service Industry Land Expansion and Economy Growth in China
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yang Xiaojuan , Chen Hua , Zhao Sidong
Published: May 2023

In the era of the urban economy and service economy, the decoupling of service industry land expansion from economic growth has always been a key measure to evaluate sustainable and healthy development. Based on the decoupling model and GIS spatial analysis method, this paper conducted an empirical study of Chinese cities from 2012 to 2019. Results: (1) Increasing spatial heterogeneity, correlation and agglomeration of land expansion were found in China’s urban service industry and its economic growth; (2) Most cities were in weak decoupling, with evolved, degraded and unchanged cities accounting for one-third each, and the number of cities in negative decoupling was increasing, leading to increasingly diverse and complex decoupling relationships; (3) From the perspective of changes in the urban service industry land and its decoupling from economic growth, HH cities were clustered in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomerations in a continuous belt pattern, while LL and HL cities were mostly in the north, especially in the northeast, creating many cluster-like agglomerations that have become problematic spaces; (4) A significant synergistic effect was identified between the factors of urban permanent population, value added of the secondary industry, per capita GDP, government financial expenditure, international trade, foreign direct investment, total retail of commodities, and authorized patents, with factor pairs formed showing nonlinear enhancement. The factor value added of the secondary industry had the largest direct impact, while urban permanent population and foreign direct investment led in terms of net synergies; (5) It is recommended to introduce classified and differentiated urban service industry land use policies, plan and build a number of national, provincial and municipal modern service industry clusters, demonstrate changes in land supply and use, build a scientific and efficient land resource allocation and management system, guard against and prevent recoupling and effectively improve the ability of cities to achieve high-quality economic development.