bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reshaping Hospitality: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Hotels and Restaurants of District Swat, Pakistan
Authors: ‐Ul‐Mulk Jahan , Daraz Umar
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic badly affected the global economies and the tourism and hospitality sectors. However, Swat is an area that heavily relies on tourism, and the pandemic has caused devastating economic losses, business closure, and unemployment. However, it left the hospitality industry in extraordinarily challenging situations due to the change in consumer behavior. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on Swat's hospitality sector, including employment, revenue generation, and operational challenges to hotels and restaurants in the pre-and post-pandemic era. This study was conducted through qualitative research design through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with the owners and employees of hotels and restaurants in Swat. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clark's six-step thematic Analysis model, and key themes were identified. The research findings reveal the destructive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Swat's tourism and hospitality sector, the reduction in tourists, the number of employment opportunities and the reduced income of the owners. The hospitality sector of Swat is deeply impacted by COVID-19, which impacts business, employment, and consumer behavior. After the closure of several hotels and restaurants that were at a loss because of no tourists, the unemployment ratio has increased significantly. People were worried about their health and preferred staying home, which shifted to online services. The lack of expertise of restaurant owners in online services worsened the economic sufferings of the hospitality industry. The sector's recovery is critically dependent on the sector's ability to adapt to changed consumer expectations and technological improvement. However, recovery support will require financial relief measures, skill development programs and incentives for digital transformation. We suggest tourism-build resilience by promoting domestic tourism and diversifying offerings and funds for tourism-specific emergencies. Joint efforts from government and private stakeholders must revive Swat's hospitality industry.
Cyber Harassment on Social Media Platforms and Its Effects on Student's Mental Well-being in Dera Ghazi Khan
Authors: Iqbal Shahid , Shamshad Tahira , Ali Tarar Muhammad , Ali Saqib Athar
Published: December 2024

This study explored the part social media plays in cyberbullying and how it affects students' mental health. A double-stage sampling procedure was used to choose the 150 respondents (students) for this study. The findings indicate that cyber harassment is a prevalent issue among students on social media platforms, with a significant portion regularly experiencing offensive comments, bullying, or intimidation. This harassment has substantial adverse effects on students' mental health, contributing to increased anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as a decline in academic focus and self-esteem. Recommendations include implementing stricter anti-harassment policies on social media, providing mental health support to affected students, and raising awareness about the consequences of cyber harassment. Educational institutions should also foster a safer online environment through digital literacy programs and collaboration with social media platforms to curb harassment. This further highlights how critical it is to address cyberbullying to lessen its detrimental impact on kids' wellbeing. The study recommended that parents monitor and balance their children's use of their phones and the internet.
Governance Practices at Higher Education in Punjab and Sindh to Achieve the Goals of Higher Education Policies
Authors: Ur Rehman Shafiq , Huma Afshan
Published: December 2024

Higher education is one of the primary sources of national development in this century. However, the concentration in terms of quality and relevance in achieving the goals of Pakistani institutions has been challenging. This research investigates the governance practice in the higher education commissions (HECs) and higher education institutions (HEIs) of Punjab and Sindh provinces, assessing their alignment with national higher education policies. Using a qualitative, phenomenological research approach, it reflects on the life experiences of stakeholders, such as HEC officials from Pakistan and its provinces and representatives of provincial HEIs. Data was collected through document analysis and semi-structured interviews, offering insights into governance structures and practices. The research findings highlighted the positive aspects: commitment to improving educational standards, fostering academic integrity, and enhancing institutional autonomy with transparent decision-making and collaborative governance that engages stakeholders like faculty, staff, and students, which are increasingly recognized as important. However, resistance to change, bureaucratic red tape, and inadequate funding hinder the vision for effective governance in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Punjab and Sindh. A holistic governance approach, integrating policy frameworks with practical implementation strategies, is advocated to overcome these challenges. By emphasizing stakeholder engagement and ongoing dialogue, this research offers valuable insights for policymakers and educational leaders, promoting reforms to create a more dynamic and innovative higher education governance system in Punjab and Sindh.
Eritema nudoso como debut del lupus eritematoso sistémico
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Raisa , Alberteris Rodríguez Alberto
Published: December 2024

El eritema nudoso es una reacción de hipersensibilidad cutánea consistente en nódulos eritematosos, sensibles a la palpación, que se encuentran generalmente sobre la región pretibial, aunque también pueden comprometer muslos, extremidades superiores, glúteos y rostro. Ocurre en respuesta a un amplio espectro de agentes etiológicos. Usualmente, tiene un curso agudo, aunque se han descrito presentaciones crónicas, recurrentes, poco frecuentes. Suele ser una entidad benigna y autolimitada que cura sin dejar secuelas. Se presentó el caso de una paciente femenina de 59 años de edad en la cual las alteraciones sistémicas mostraron la presencia de un lupus eritematoso sistémico de debut, con una evolución satisfactoria.
Síndrome del pulmón encogido en el lupus eritematoso sistémico: Una entidad poco frecuente. Reporte de 6 casos.
Authors: Astudillo Andrade J. J. , Micelli M. , Cosentino V. , Kerzberg E.
Published: December 2024

Una de las manifestaciones respiratorias poco frecuente en el Lupus Eritematoso sistémico (LES) es el síndrome del pulmón encogido (SPE), clínicamente caracterizado por disnea inexplicable, dolor pleurítico y una característica triada: reducción del volumen pulmonar, elevación diafragmática y defecto ventilatorio restrictivo.
Objetivo: describir las características clínicas de una serie de 6 pacientes con diagnóstico de SPE asociado a LES y su relación con la actividad y daño.
Método: e studio r etrospectivo, c on d atos o btenidos d e h istorias clínicas. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, clínicos, serológicos y radiológicos al diagnóstico y a los 6 meses.
Resultados: De 220 pacientes con diagnóstico de LES, 6 cumplían con todos los criterios de SPE, calculando una prevalencia de 2.7%; 4 fueron mujeres, con una media de edad de 31.3 (+-9.5) años; el tiempo entre el debut de LES y SPE fue de 72 (+-67.7) meses. Al momento del diagnóstico, el 100% tuvieron disnea y ortopnea; las manifestaciones no respiratorias concomitantes más frecuentes fueron: rash malar (83.3%), artritis, artralgias y linfopenia (66.6%). Todos los pacientes (100%) se interpretaron como activos por presentar un SLEDAI 2K >4. A los 6 meses del diagnóstico, el 66.7% estaban inactivos, pero el daño por la enfermedad según el SLICC/ACR SDI aumento en el 100% de los pacientes.
Conclusiones: Ante la presencia de disnea inexplicable, debemos pensar en patologías poco frecuentes como el SPE. Relacionar su presencia con la actividad de la enfermedad es importante y es necesario tener siempre la sospecha de esta patología.
Insight of embodied experience: Influencing tourists’ behavior in mass participant sports event
Authors: Xu Xin
Published: December 2024

Sports events hold significant cultural, tourism, and societal value. With the growing popularity of sports events, mass participation sports events (MPSE) have become a focal point of research. Existing literature on MPSE primarily emphasizes the organizational aspects of the events, while the embodied experiences from the participants’ perspective remain underexplored. This study uses the renowned Guangzhou Marathon in southern China as a case study. The objective is to investigate and enhance the understanding of the embodied experiences of MPSE tourists through a quantitative methodology, focusing on the biomechanical aspects of participation. Additionally, this study aims to explore the antecedents and consequences of embodied experiences in relation to physical engagement and movement dynamics. The findings highlight the crucial role of embodied experience in shaping tourists’ perceptions, physical interactions, and subsequent behavioral intentions. Specifically, the research indicates that tourists’ physical experiences impact perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty intentions through both moderating and mediating effects. The study also emphasizes the importance of understanding the biomechanics of movement during events, which can enhance participant engagement and overall satisfaction. Sustainable event management strategies that consider the biomechanical implications of participant experiences are also proposed.
Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Analytics in Nursing Care: Advancing Decision-Making through Health Information Technology
Authors: Alsaeed Khalid Abdullah Saeed , Almutairi Manal Turki Ali , Almutairi Salman Mohammed Dughayyim , Al Nawmasi Meshal Samah , Alharby Nawaf Abdullah , Alharbi Mohammad Masafr , Alazzmi Mohammed Saud Sad , Alsalman Adel Hamad , Alenazy Fahad Ayed , Alfalaj Falaj Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) and predictive analytics are transforming nursing care by improving decision-making processes and enhancing patient outcomes. This study examines the integration of AI technologies within nursing practice, emphasizing their potential to support nurses in delivering high-quality care. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify key applications of AI in nursing, including machine learning algorithms for risk assessment, natural language processing for documentation, and predictive analytics for patient outcomes. Results: Results indicate that AI tools can significantly reduce the administrative burden on nurses, allowing them to focus more on direct patient care. Additionally, the review highlights ethical, legal, and social implications associated with the adoption of AI technologies in nursing, such as the need for bias mitigation and ensuring patient privacy. Furthermore, the necessity for nursing education to incorporate AI competencies is emphasized, as current curricula often lack adequate training in health informatics and AI. Conclusions: In conclusion, while AI presents substantial opportunities to enhance nursing practice and patient care, it also poses challenges that must be addressed through comprehensive education and ethical frameworks. Future research should explore the long-term impact of AI on nursing roles and patient outcomes, ensuring that technology complements rather than replaces the human elements of nursing care.
Wh-Questions in Translation among Arab EFL Learners: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: University Lahj
Published: December 2024

This study focused on using of English Wh-question sentences translation into Arabic and vice versa by the Yemeni EFL learners, second year level, English Department, College of Education and Sciences, Saber-Lahj, University of Lahj, Yemen. The number who participated in this study were thirty-five learners, fifteen boys and twenty girls. This study used one academic instrument for collecting data and information (a quantitative method), that was students’ questionnaire including the translation test on English Wh-question sentences translation and Arabic Wh-question sentences translation which distributed randomly in their English classes. The major problem of the Yemeni EFL learners was the lack of understanding the accurate grammar rules in constructing English W-h questions and they faced challenges and difficulties when they translate the English W-h questions into Arabic and vice versa. The difference in the usage of the English Wh-question sentences and the Arabic Wh-question sentences (Asmaa Al-Istifham) was the main cause of the interference. Arab learners have difficulties of first language (L1) interference. The main aim of this study was to identify the challenges and difficulties of the Yemeni EFL learners encounter in translating the English Wh-question sentences into Arabic and the Arabic Wh-question sentences into English. In conclusion the researcher can say that most of the Yemeni EFL learners  of second year level, English Department, College of Education and Sciences at University of Lahj made mistakes in translating the English Wh-question sentences into Arabic and vice versa, because of their week background in English and they practice translation only during the class time which was not enough for mastering the grammar rules of English Wh-questions construction. Besides, most of the learners started to study English from class seven at late ages and stages. This affected negatively on their performance in translation the English Wh-question sentences into Arabic and the Arabic W-h questions; what is called in Arabic (Istifham Al-Taswur) into English.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND IT’S MULTIFACETED IMPACT ON INDIA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL, AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS
Authors:   Shailabala Women’s Autonomous College, Cuttack, Odisha, India., Bushra S.Fatima , Singh Lipamudra ,   Shailabala Women’s Autonomous College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
Published: December 2024

In India, climate change represents one of the foremost issues that dramatic alteration of ecosystems and communities, especially those located at the rural periphery and at the coast, brings about. Focally, it is a problem for agriculture which supports almost fifty percent of the labor force since erratic climatic conditions and water deprivation reduce agricultural productivity, thus endangering food supply and aggravating rural poverty. Other areas likewise infrastructure, energy, and health are also not spared, with damages arising due to climate factors increasing the costs of repairs, and increase in temperature aggravating health-related concerns associated with heat and heat prone disorders and epidemics. India has also been implementing measures against climate change, and this has led to improvements in ranking, from 10th position in the Climate Change Performance Index of 2022 to the 7th position in the indices of 2024. When considering the years between 1901 and 2018, it was noted that there was an increase of 0.7°C (1.3°F) on the temperatures recorded in India. In the year 2024, however, New Delhi reached a temperature of 52.3 degrees Celsius (126 degrees Fahrenheit). Further projections assert that unless climate factors change significantly, droughts of even a more severe nature than at present will be frequent by the end of the century. It has also been projected that the health of mangroves will be put at risk by the increase in sea levels, the decrease in fresh water and the conversion of land to other uses. Cement production in India contributes around three gigatons of greenhouse gases every year. In order to fight these problems, the state formulated strategic measures and programs for the promotion of renewable energy, energy saving, and for the development of organic agriculture. However, these measures are complicated by the issues of financing and implementation.
Economics of Satellite Campuses
Authors: Almaden Catherine Roween ,   Philippine Institute for Development Studies
Published: December 2024

This research provides a comprehensive comparison of the financial, educational, and socio-spatial considerations in establishing State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) satellite campuses versus enhancing support mechanisms for existing SUCs in the Philippines. It highlights their critical role in expanding access to higher education, particularly for underserved and geographically isolated communities. Building on literature that identifies satellite campuses as tools for addressing educational disparities and fostering regional socio-economic development, the study emphasizes cost-effectiveness in decision-making. Using a mixed-methods approach, it combines quantitative cost-effectiveness analysis with qualitative insights from Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with SUC stakeholders to explore financial and operational challenges. The cost-effectiveness analysis utilizes key financial metrics such as Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Findings indicate that while satellite campuses offer opportunities to improve educational access, their financial sustainability is constrained by high initial investments and operational costs. Current low-fee structures in SUCs limit revenue generation, with long-term projections rarely covering infrastructure and operational expenses. Revenue-enhancing strategies are essential to address these constraints and ensure viability. Infrastructure development emerges as a major cost factor, with many SUCs relying on partnerships with Local Government Units (LGUs) for land donations. However, budget limitations remain a significant barrier. Qualitative data highlight the socio-economic benefits of satellite campuses, including the empowerment of marginalized populations and local economic growth. Aligning educational programs with local needs is identified as key to maximizing impact. Enrollment trends reveal regional disparities, with concentrations in CALABARZON, Central Luzon, and NCR, while underserved areas, particularly in Mindanao, face persistent barriers. An analysis of compliance rates shows that 69% of SUCs have achieved a Certificate of Program Compliance (COPC), though postgraduate programs lag behind undergraduate offerings. The performance of Teacher Education Programs in licensure exams further underscores disparities between main and satellite campuses. The study concludes that optimizing existing SUC campuses through improved resource allocation, targeted policies, and sustainable funding solutions can enhance educational outcomes, support local and regional development, and create a more inclusive higher education system in the Philippines.
The Role of Services in Global Value Chains: Assessing the Servicification of Philippine Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Moreno Neil Irwin ,   Philippine Institute for Development Studies
Published: December 2024

The emergence of global value chains (GVCs) in recent years has highlighted the increasing reliance of manufacturing industries on services. Manufacturing firms have intensively used service inputs, performed in-house service activities, and sold services embedded in or bundled with goods. Considered a services economy, the Philippines could leverage services to develop a competitive manufacturing sector and strengthen GVC integration. This study assessed the servicification of the Philippine manufacturing sector in the context of trade and GVCs. Using trade in value added data, evidence shows that the contribution of services to Philippine manufacturing exports has been on par with that of regional neighbors; however, Philippine manufacturing has had weak linkages with modern services, such as ICT and business services. Based on establishment surveys and censuses, Philippine manufacturing firms extensively use service inputs, but R&D activities and the sale of services have been less common. The relationship between servicification and export participation was estimated, revealing that the sale of industrial services, utilization of transport services, and employing R&D personnel were associated with a higher probability of exporting. Drawing from the empirical findings, there is a need to develop the country’s modern services sectors and strengthen their linkages with manufacturing industries. Promoting R&D and innovation among firms could also enhance capabilities, making them competitive in entering export markets. Moreover, firms looking to export could benefit from potential reductions in transport and logistics costs brought about by the streamlining of transport regulations and procedures.
“一带一路”倡议下海上丝绸之路音乐文化的美育价值挖掘与传播
Authors:   Academic Frontiers Publishing Group, LI Minhui
Published: December 2024

本研究聚焦于“一带一路”倡议下，海上丝绸之路音乐文化所蕴含的美育价值及其传播策略。本研究深入挖掘了海上丝绸之路音乐文化的独特魅力、历史价值及教育意义，揭示其在培养学生审美情趣、增强民族文化认同感、促进国际理解与合作等方面的重要作用。此外，本研究还探讨了如何借助“一带一路”平台，通过数字化技术、国际音乐节、艺术教育交流项目等多种渠道，有效传播海上丝绸之路音乐文化的美育价值，扩大其国际影响力，为构建人类命运共同体贡献力量。
音乐活动培养幼儿情绪调节能力的策略研究
Authors:   Academic Frontiers Publishing Group, ZHANG Yurui
Published: December 2024

音乐活动作为一种有效的教育手段，对幼儿情绪调节能力的发展有促进作用。本文通过分析音乐活动对幼儿情绪调节能力的价值，指出音乐活动中培养幼儿情绪调节能力存在的问题，并提出相应的策略。首先，教师应重视幼儿情绪教育，提升自身的素养。其次，创设良好的音乐环境，提供适宜的音乐材料。再次，将音乐渗透到其他活动中，挖掘情绪调节的方法。最后，教师和家长互相协作，促进幼儿情绪能力的发展。
东夏国袭扰高丽政权及高丽应对措置探析
Authors:   Academic Frontiers Publishing Group, MA Yejie
Published: December 2024

本研究旨在通过对东夏国袭扰高丽政权基础情况及原因，高丽政权面对东夏国袭扰的应对措施的深入探讨，旨在勾勒出东夏国与高丽政权政治关系的演变。通过文献分析法，结合对东夏史料以及高丽政权史料文献进行详细的梳理，对相关问题进行详细的阐释。研究发现，东夏国对高丽政权共袭扰28 次，其目标有三，一是占据高丽政权域内的州郡，二是掠夺人口与生存物资，三是摧毁高丽重要州镇的军事设施。高丽政权面对东夏国的袭扰也采取柔的政治对话、祈请神明消除兵祸、军事手段三种方式进行应对，在应对东夏国袭扰方面取得了一定的效果。通过本研究，对于研究十三世纪中后期东北亚地区政治格局的发展具有重要意义。
论中西比较视域下社会主义协商民主的制度优势
Authors:   Academic Frontiers Publishing Group, LI Yufei
Published: December 2024

世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，西方民主制度面临民粹主义乱象,政治极化问题日益凸显。与之相反，中国正不断发展全过程人民民主，构建具有中国特色的社会主义协商民主，有效发挥团结与民主双重功能，奋斗出不同于西方民主困境的新时代伟大成就。社会主义协商民主是中国社会主义民主政治的特有形式，以其坚强的党的领导、广泛的人民定义、完备的表达渠道、成熟的机构载体、创新的群众路线及高效的决策原则六大制度优势，最大程度地凝聚共识，保障了人民当家作主，真正满足民主诉求。社会主义协商民主打破了西方竞争性民主的政治迷信，为人类社会政治文明提供了不同的模式选择。
ชีวิตครอบครัวของกระฎุมพีข้าราชการในสมัยสมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชย์สยาม
Authors: สกุลเลี่ยว ณัฏฐพงษ์
Published: December 2024

ชีวิตครอบครัวดำเนินอยู่ภายใต้โครงสร้างทางสังคมการเมือง ความสัมพันธ์เชิงอุปถัมภ์ซึ่งเป็นแกนกลางของความสัมพันธ์ทางสังคมในยุคจารีตได้ถูกนำมาใช้กำกับความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างสมาชิกในครอบครัวด้วย การครองชีวิตในครัวเรือนในอดีตจึงซ้อนทับกับการครองชีวิตในโลกสังคมการเมืองภายนอก กล่าวคือ มูลนายต้องให้การอุปถัมภ์ไพร่ เช่นเดียวกันกับหัวหน้าครอบครัวที่ต้องคอยอุปถัมภ์สมาชิกจำนวนมากในครอบครัวของตน ชีวิตครอบครัวของกระฎุมพีข้าราชการมีความแตกต่างจากเดิม สมาชิกภายในครอบครัวลดจำนวนลงเนื่องจากพวกเขาไม่นิยมการมีภรรยาน้อยและไม่จำเป็นต้องเลี้ยงดูบ่าวไพร่ในสังกัด อย่างไรก็ตาม ความสัมพันธ์เชิงอุปถัมภ์ภายในครอบครัวก็ยังดำรงอยู่ แต่จำกัดลงมาเฉพาะในหมู่คนที่มีความสัมพันธ์ทางสายเลือด สามีผู้เป็นหัวหน้าครอบครัวยังมีหน้าที่อุปถัมภ์ภรรยาและลูก รวมไปถึงพี่น้องและเครือญาติอีกมากที่เข้ามาพึ่งพาอาศัย ครอบครัวแบบกระฎุมพีข้าราชการจึงยังไม่ใช่ครอบครัวที่มีความเป็นส่วนตัวแบบครอบครัวในสังคมสมัยใหม่
พืชฟองสบู่: ทบทวนมโนทัศน์และข้อเสนอการศึกษาความสัมพันธ์บนที่ดินในประเทศไทย
Authors: ณ น่าน ศักรินทร์
Published: December 2024

การเข้าใจปรากฏการณ์ที่เรียกว่า “พืชฟองสบู่” มีความสำคัญต่อการศึกษาความซับซ้อนของความสัมพันธ์บนที่ดินสำหรับเศรษฐศาสตร์การเมืองและนิเวศวิทยาการเมืองของประเทศไทยในแง่ของการปรับเปลี่ยนเงื่อนไขทางเศรษฐกิจ การเมืองและการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางสิ่งแวดล้อม ผู้เขียนได้ขยายกรอบแว่นจำเพาะจากมโนทัศน์พืชฟองสบู่มาสู่การวิเคราะห์คำถามว่าด้วยที่ดินของสังคมไทย บทบาทของตัวแสดงสำคัญ และอำนาจของกลุ่มเหล่านี้ซึ่งเชื่อมโยงกับการควบคุมระบอบทรัพย์สินและการเข้าถึงที่ดิน แม้ว่าบทความนี้จะเน้นศึกษากรณีประเทศไทยก็ตาม แต่ผู้เขียนยังนำบริบทของภูมิภาคและโลกาภิวัตน์เข้ามาร่วมวิเคราะห์ด้วย ประเด็นดังกล่าวนี้รวมไปถึงการพิจารณานโยบายที่เปลี่ยนโฉมของประเทศไทยภายใต้ระบอบการปกครองโดยกองทัพซึ่งมีอิทธิพลต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมของเสรีนิยมใหม่ อันส่งผลต่อการขยายตัว-แตกตัวของภาวะฟองสบู่ การขยายตัวของการเพาะปลูกพืชฟองสบู่ และการดำรงชีพของเกษตรกรรายย่อย
INGLIZ VA O‘ZBEK TILLARIDA TEZ AYTISHLARNING STILISTIK XUSUSIYATLARI
Authors: Mamataliyeva Navbahor
Published: December 2024

This article delves into the stylistic features of tongue twisters in English and Uzbek languages. Tongue twisters are an intriguing part of folk oral tradition in both languages, and their phonetic peculiarities and stylistic aspects are analyzed in detail. Additionally, the article explores how techniques such as sound harmony, rhythm, and intonation are employed in these tongue twisters.
ПОДХОДЫ К ВОПРОСУ О «ТАЙНЫХ ЗНАНИЯХ» ЭТНОМЕДИЦИНЫ В ЭТНОЛОГИИ УЗБЕКИСТАНА
Authors: Жуманиёзова Мамлакат
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the problems of ethnology in Uzbekistan, the attitude and approaches of Uzbek ethnologists to them. After 1991, the need arose to revise a number of theoretical issues in ethnology. One such issue is the topic of folk medicine, which was one of the more limited areas of study during the Soviet era. In particular, the question of «secret knowledge», which is an integral part of ethnomedicine, was completely limited due to its connection with religious worldviews. Despite the fact that Uzbekistan gained independence 32 years ago, the attitude of  Uzbek ethnologists to this issue remains unchanged. In this article, you will learn why this issue remains open, but needs to be studied, and why.
Ḥorbat Roẓeẓ
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Kletter Raz
Published: December 2024

During August 2000 a trial excavation was conducted along the fringes
of Horbat Rozez (A-3281*; map ref. NIG 19712/71664; OIG 14712/21664) prior
to the installation of an electric pole. The excavation, on behalf of the
Antiquities Authority, was directed by R. Kletter, with the assistance of H.
Tsion-Cinamon (GPS system), M. Rappaport-Arnov (drawing) and E. Yannai (data
regarding previous excavations at the site and pottery reading).
Naḥal Be’er Sheva‘
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Varga Daniel ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Krokhmalnik Alexander
Published: December 2024

In May-June 2007 a trial excavation was conducted in Nahal Be'er Sheva'
(Permit No. A-5139; map ref. NIG 175421-53/570216-54; OIG
125421-53/070216-54). The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the
Antiquities Authority with the financial support of the Israel Natural Gas
Lines Company, was directed by D. Varga and A. Krokhmelnik, with the
participation of S. Lender (administration), A. Hajian and N. Zak (surveying
and drafting), I. Lidsky-Reznikov(pottery drawing), F. Sontag and N.S. Paran
(Southern Region).
Jerusalem, Ramat Bet Ha-Kerem
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Landes-Nagar Annette
Published: December 2024

During June 2007, a salvage excavation was conducted in the Ramat Bet
Ha-Kerem neighborhood of Jerusalem (Permit No. A- 5157; map ref. NIG
21827/63060; OIG 16827/13060), prior to paving a street. The excavation, on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by A. Nagar, with
the assistance of Y. Ohayon (administration), M. Kunin (surveying and
drafting), T. Sagiv (field photography), E. Belashov (drafting), and R.
Bar-Natan (pottery reading).
Jerusalem, the Greek Colony
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Landes-Nagar Annette
Published: December 2024

During July 2007, a trial excavation was conducted in the Greek Colony
in Jerusalem (Permit No. A-5190; map ref. NIG 22033/62997; OIG 17033/12997),
prior to the construction of a residential building. The excavation, on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by A. Nagar
(photography), with the assistance of Y. Ohayon and R. Abu Halaf
(administration) and R. Bar-Natan (pottery reading).
Shomeriyya – Shim‘a, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Sonntag Flavia ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Israel Yigal
Published: December 2024

During November 2004, a survey was conducted along the route of the
separation fence between Shomeriyya and Shim'a, in the southern part of the
Hebron highlands (Permit No. A-4267; map ref. NIG 191/586; OIG 141/086). The
survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
underwritten by the Ministry of Defense, was conducted by Y. Israel and F.
Sonntag, with the assistance of S. Gal (map).
Ramat Ha-Sharon
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, ‘Ad Uzi ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Barkan Diego ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Jakoel Eriola
Published: December 2024

During July 2007, a one-day survey was conducted at the Morasha
Interchange (Permit No. A-5187; map ref. NIG 18500-737/66975-7094; OIG
13500-737/16975-7094), prior to its expansion. The survey, on behalf of the
Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by U. 'Ad, D. Barkan and E.
Jakoel, with the assistance of A. Dagot (GPS).
Modi‘in, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Zbenovich Vladimir ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Khalaily Hamudi ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Bankirer Rina
Published: December 2024

During March 2000 a development survey was conducted in the vicinity of
Modi'in (License No. G-125/2000*). Two areas with extensive flint
scatterings were discovered. The survey, on behalf of the Antiquities
Authority, was directed by H. Khalaily, R. Bankirer and V. Zbenovich.
Tel ‘En Gev
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Paz Yitzhak ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Hasegawa Shuichi
Published: December 2024

During August 2004, another season of excavations was conducted at Tel
'En Gev (License No. G-60/2004; map ref. NIG 2599-2601/7432-33; OIG
2099-2101/2432-33). The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Japanese
Expedition for the Archaeology of the Land of Israel and funded by the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan, was
directed by A. Tsukimoto, M. Okita and N. Yamauchi. The excavation team
included Y. Paz (Israeli liaison), K. Hirakawa, H. Hino, D.T. Sugimoto, H.
Kuwabara, S. Miyazaki (field supervision), S. Hasegawa (registration), F.
Chiwaya, Y. Iburi (surveying and drafting), H. Nakano (photography) and G.
Avivi (administration). The late Prof. M. Kochavi of Tel Aviv University was
one of the excavation directors and advised the Japanese team.
Ashqelon
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Haimi Yoram
Published: December 2024

In January 2003 a salvage excavation was conducted in the Ashqelon Metal
Company compound located within the Migdal neighborhood (Permit No. A-3804;
map ref. NIG 161299/620400; OIG 111299/120400) after ancient remains were
discovered in probe trenches. The excavation, on behalf of the Antiquities
Authority and with the financial support of the Afridar Company, was
directed by Y. Haimi, with the participation of H. Lavi (administration), A.
Hajian (surveying and drafting), I. Lidski-Reznikov (artifact drawings), M.
Salzberger (studio photography) and D.T. Ariel (numismatics).
Jerusalem, E-Tur
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Eirikh-Rose Anna
Published: December 2024

In April 2005 a salvage excavation was conducted in the E-Tur
neighborhood, south of the Mount of Olives (Permit No. A-4439; map ref. NIG
2234-5/6320-1; OIG 1734-5/1320-1) following the discovery of ancient remains
in probe trenches. The excavation, on behalf of the Antiquities Authority
and with the financial backing of Ibrahim Julang, was directed by A.
Eirikh-Rose, with assistance from V. Essman and V. Pirski (surveying) and T.
Sagiv (photography).
Ḥorbat Rimmon
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Paran Nir-Shimshon ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Abadi-Reiss Yael
Published: December 2024

During 2004-2005 archaeological excavations were conducted in Horbat
Rimmon (Permit Nos. A-3976, A-4080, A-4531; map ref. NIG 1875/5870; OIG
1375/0870). The excavations, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and funded by the Jewish National Fund, were directed by Y. Abadi
(2003-2004) and N.S. Paran (2005), with the assistance of O. Feder and K.
Golan (area supervision), H. Lavi (administration), V. Pirsky and A. Hajian
(surveying), T. Sagiv (field photography), E. Belashoc (drafting), A.
Pikovski (pottery drawing) and O. Aflalo (Negev Archaeological Center).
Youth groups from Israel and abroad participated in the excavations in the
framework of the 'Jewish layer' project of the JNF.
Ḥorbat Rimmon
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Talis Svetlana ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Paran Nir-Shimshon
Published: December 2024

During the course of 2006 an initiated excavation was conducted at
Horbat Rimmon (Permit No. A-4724; map ref. NIG 18745/58709; OIG
13745/08709). The excavation, on behalf of the Antiquities Authority and
with the financial support of the Jewish National Fund, was directed by N.S.
Paran and S. Talis, with the participation of H. Lavi (administration), O.
Aflalo (Negev Archaeological Center) and A. Hajian (surveying).
Jerusalem, Survey of Giv‘at Massu’a
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Eirikh-Rose Anna
Published: December 2024

During October 2006, a survey preceding development was conducted in the
area between the Giv'at Massu'a neighborhood and Moshav Ora (Permit No.
A-4893; map ref. NIG 21530-80/62890-930; OIG 16530-80/12890-930), prior to
the paving of a road. The survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and financed by the Moriya Company, was directed by A.
Eirikh-Rose, with the assistance of M. Birkenfeld and I. Pasternak.
Biq‘at Yaval
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Paran Nir-Shimshon ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Aladjem Emil
Published: December 2024

In June 2005 a salvage excavation was conducted at Biq'at Yaval (Permit
No. A-4513, map ref. NIG 18960/58690; OIG 13960/08690; Fig. 1), following
the discovery of ancient remains along the route of the separation fence.
The excavation, on behalf of the Antiquities Authority and with the
financial support of the Ministry of Defense, was directed by E. Aladjem and
N.S. Paran, with assistance from A. Hajian (surveying).
Yif‘at (east)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Covello-Paran Karen
Published: December 2024

During August 2008, a salvage excavation was conducted in the eastern
part of Qibbuz Yif'at (Permit No. A-5503; map ref. NIG
221597-901/731199-301; OIG 171597-901/231199-301), prior to the construction
of a new neighborhood. The excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority, was directed by K. Covello-Paran, with the assistance of Y. Lavan
(administration), R. Mishayev and M. Kunin (surveying), H. Smithline
(photography) and E. Belashov (drafting). Additional assistance was provided
by F. Abu Zidan (IAA district inspector).
Qaẓrin
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Smithline Howard
Published: December 2024

During January 2006, an excavation was conducted immediately southwest
of Zavitan Street in Qazrin (Permit No. A-4673; map ref. NIG 2134-9/7665-8;
OIG 1634-9/2665-8; Fig. 1), prior to the expansion of the town (Rova 10).
The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
funded by the Ministry of Housing and Construction, was directed by H.
Smithline (photography), with the assistance of A. Shapiro and H. Tahan
(preliminary surveying and drafting under extremely trying conditions), V.
Essman and V. Pirsky (surveying), M. Kipnis (drafting) and workers from
Hazor Ha-Gelilit.
Eshel Ha-Nasi, Survey in the Junction Area
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Aladjem Emil
Published: December 2024

During July 2006, an archaeological survey was conducted for the Jewish
National Fund (Permit No. 4867; map ref. NIG 1717-27/5792-820; OIG
1217-27/0792-820), prior to preparing the ground for development. The
survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
underwritten by the JNF, was directed by E. Aladjem, assisted by S. Gal
(GPS).
Yattir Forest
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Krokhmalnik Alexander
Published: December 2024

During December 2005, an excavation was conducted along the Yattir
Forest road (Permit No. A-4655; map ref. NIG 19959-82/58417-38; OIG
14959-82/08417-38). The excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority, was directed by A. Krokhmalnik, with the assistance of V. Essman
and V. Pirsky (surveying) and T. Sagiv (field photography).
Peqi‘in Ha-Hadasha, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Lerer Yoav
Published: December 2024

During October 2004, a survey preceding development was conducted west
of Moshav Peqi'in Ha-Hadasha (Permit No. A-4260; map ref. NIG
2298-302/7652-7; OIG 1798-802/2652-7), prior to enlarging the settlement.
The survey, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by
Y. Lerer, with the assistance of A. Shapiro (GPS), H. Abu 'Uqsa, R. Abu Raya
and E. Stern.
Sulam
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Dalali-Amos Edna
Published: December 2024

During August 2007, a trial excavation was conducted beneath the
foundations of a new building in the village of Sulam (Permit No. A-5195;
map ref. NIG 23153-5/72358-60; OIG 18153-5/22358-60). The excavation, on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by E. Amos, with
the assistance of Y. Lavan (administration), M. Hartal (guidance) and
laborers from the Sulam village.
Giv‘at Pazra (Southeast), Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Zingboym Oren
Published: December 2024

During October 2007, a survey prior to development was conducted
southeast of Giv'at Pazra in the Golan Heights (Permit No. A-5278; map ref.
NIG 2784-91/7680-915; OIG 2284-91/2680-915), prior to the allocation of land
for agriculture. The survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by the World Zionist Organization, was conducted
by O. Zingboym and A. Shapiro.
Khirbat Sha‘ira (South)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Kogan-Zehavi Elena
Published: December 2024

During December 2007-January 2008, a salvage excavation was conducted at
Khirbat Sha'ira (Permit No. A-5332; map ref. NIG 19087-8/66396-8; OIG
14087-8/16396-8), prior to construction. The excavation, on behalf of the
Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by E. Kogan-Zehavi (surveying),
with the assistance of E. Bachar (administration), T. Sagiv (field
photography) and C. Hersch (pottery drawing).
Ẓippori
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Porat Leea
Published: December 2024

During June and August 2006, a salvage excavation was conducted at
Moshav Zippori (Permit No. A-4831; map ref. NIG 22596-8/73949-52; OIG
17596-8/23949-52), following the discovery of ancient remains. The
excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by
L. Porat, with the assistance of Y. Lavan (administration), V. Essman and V.
Pirsky surveying and drafting), D. Gahali (aerial photography; Sky Balloons
Company), A. Shapiro (GPS, petrography), H. Tahan (pottery drawing) and T.
Tzuk of the Nature and Parks Authority.
Ramla, Smolenskin Street
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Korin Ronit
Published: December 2024

During October-November 2007, a salvage excavation was conducted on
Smolenskin Street in Ramla (Permit No. A-5283; map ref. NIG
187448-76/649176-209; OIG 137448-76/149176-209), in the wake of construction
work. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by H. Mu'alem, was directed by R. Korin, with the
assistance of E. Bachar (administration), M. Kunin (surveying and drafting)
and T. Sagiv (field photography).
Ḥorbat Castra
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Masarwa Marwan
Published: December 2024

During September 2006, a salvage excavation was conducted along the
northern fringes of Horbat Castra (Permit No. A-4896; map ref. NIG
197337-41/744289-93; OIG 147337-41/244289-93; HA-ESI 120; 'Atiqot 29:77*-92*
[Hebrew]), in the wake of discovering building remains when a communications
line was installed. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Ashtrom-Dragados Company, was
directed by M. Masarwa, with the assistance of S. Ya'aqov-Jam
(administration), A. Hajian (surveying and drafting), T. Sagiv (field
photography), P. Spivak (preliminary inspections) and P. Gendelman (ceramic
consultation).
Mi‘ilya, the Church Square
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Porat Leea
Published: December 2024

During July-August 2007, a salvage excavation was conducted in the
village of Mi'ilya, between the Catholic Church and the Crusader fortress on
the eastern hill (Permit No. A-5202; map ref. NIG 22471-2/76993-4; OIG
17471-2/26993-4), prior to construction in the church square. The
excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
underwritten by the Mi'ilya local council, was directed by L. Porat, with
the assistance of Y. Ya'aqobi (administration), A. Grishna (registration),
A. Hajian and M. Kipnis (surveying and drafting), A. Shapiro (GPS), H.
Smithline (field photography), M. Hartal (guidance) and laborers from Kafr
Manda. The author wishes to express her gratitude to A. Yassur, E.J. Stern
and N. Getzov for their valuable assistance in reading the ceramic
artifacts.
Ramat Yishay (A)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Hanna Butros
Published: December 2024

In February 2013, a trial excavation was conducted at Ramat Yishay
(Permit No. A-6715; map ref. 215976-6028/734396-458), prior to construction
of a residential building. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the
Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the contractor, was directed by
B. Hanna (photography), with the assistance of Y. Lavan (administration), R.
Mishayev and M. Cohen (surveying), H. Tahan (drawing of finds) and laborers
from Yafia'.
Jerusalem, Maḥanayim Street
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Mizrahi Sivan
Published: December 2024

In June and July 2013, a salvage excavation was conducted at 6
Mahanayim Street in Jerusalem (Permit No. A-6833; map ref. 633750/220794),
after an ancient quarry was discovered in trial trenches dug prior to the
construction of a residential building. The excavation, undertaken on behalf
of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by Joseph Hamami and
PinchasAharon, was directed by S. Mizrahi, with the assistance of N. Nahama
(administration), Z. Matskevich (antiquities inspection), M. Kunin
(surveying and drafting), D. Levy (GPS), A. Peretz (field photography), T.
Lipschitz (logistics), D. Sandhouse (ceramics) and S. Itkis (plan).
Dorot (Northeast), Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Seriy Gregory ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Yegorov Dmitry
Published: December 2024

In April 2013, a survey was conducted northeast of Kibbuts Dorot
(License No. S-411/2013; map ref. 1685/6040), prior to planting trees in
Dorot Forest. The survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and financed by the Jewish National Fund, was performed by G.
Seriy, D. Yegorov, E. Aladjem and A. Fraiberg, with the assistance of S. Gal
(GPS).
Yehud
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Korenfeld Israel ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Bar-Nathan Rachel
Published: December 2024

In 2008 and 2009, three salvage excavations were conducted in Yehud
(Permit Nos. A-5371, A-5555, A-5646; map ref. 189382-504/659719-84), prior
to construction. The excavations, undertaken on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and financed by the Uri Feldman-Aura Investments
Company, were directed by I. Kornfeld and R. Bar-Nathan, with the assistance
of Y. Lavan and E. Bachar (administration), T. Sagiv and A. Peretz (field
photography), A. Hajian and T. Kornfeld (surveying and drafting), V. Eshed
and Y. Nagar (physical anthropology), D.T. Ariel (numismatics), Y.
Goren-Rosen (glass), L. Kupershmidt (metallurgical laboratory) and laborers
from Wadi 'Ara, East Jerusalem and Ashkelon. Special thanks to P. Gendelman
and E. Jakoel for their assistance and advice.
Sede Naḥum
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Dalali-Amos Edna
Published: December 2024

In January 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted at Kibbutz Sede
Nahum in the Harod Valley (Permit No. A-6110; map ref.
245668-752/714361-401; Fig. 1), prior to construction. The excavation,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by A.
Michaeli of Kibbutz Sede Nahum, was directed by E. Dalali-Amos, with the
assistance of Y. Ya'aqobi (administration), W. Atrash (scientific guidance),
R. Mishayev and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting) and laborers from Kafr
Manda.
Ḥorbat ‘Ammudim (Southwest)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Cinamon Gilad
Published: December 2024

In October-November 2011, a trial excavation was conducted southwest of
Horbat 'Ammudim (Permit No. A-6326; map ref. 238095-125/746295-320; Fig. 1),
prior to the construction of an interchange. The excavation, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the Israel
National Roads Company, Ltd., was directed by G. Cinamon, with the
assistance of R. Mishayev and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), A. Shapiro
(GPS), W. Atrash and D. Avshalom-Gorni (scientific advisors) and H. Tahan
(pottery drawing).
Sha‘ar Ha-‘Amaqim (B)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Kirzner Dan
Published: December 2024

In April and May 2013, a trial excavation was conducted at the Sha'ar
Ha-'Amaqim site (Permit No. A-6747; map ref. 210083-203/736436-547), prior
to widening a section of Highway 6. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of
the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the Cross Israel Highway
Company, Ltd., was directed by D. Kirzner (photography), with the assistance
of Y. Amrani and E. Bachar (administration), E. Shukron (area supervision),
R. Mishayev and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), H. Ben-Ari (GPS), M.
Smilanski (drawing of flint items), Y. Arbel (scientific guidance), O,
Barzilai (consultation), C. Sa'id and L. Talmi.
Yehud, Ashkenazi Market
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Jakoel Eriola
Published: December 2024

In July 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted in the Ashkenazi
Market in Yehud (Permit No. A-6118; ref 189782-903/659600-95), prior to
construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and financed by the Africa Israel Company, was directed by E.
Jakoel and Y. Elisha, with the assistance of Y. Amrani and E. Bachar
(administration), L. Golan, D. Masarwa and Y. Kornfeld (area supervision),
Y. Nagar (physical anthropology), B. Antin, M. Kahan, A. Hajian and R.
Mishayev (surveying and drafting), A. Peretz (field photography), P.
Gendelman (ceramics), R. Lupu (flint tools and Chalcolithic ceramics), N.
Agha (archaeozoology), O. Ackerman (geomorphology), R. Assis (preliminary
inspections), N. Zak (plans), Y. Kupershmidt (metallurgical laboratory),
D.T. Ariel (numismatics), Y. Gorin-Rosen (glass), C. Amit (studio
photography), E. Kamaisky (pottery restoration), L. Rauchberger (clay
tobacco pipes), A. Gorzalczany and U. 'Ad (scientific consultation) and Y.
Agmon, P. Amir, D. Amir and R. Avidov (volunteers). Additional assistance
was rendered by A. Re'em and A. Shadman of the Israel Antiquities Authority
and officers of the Mesubbim police station.